bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Securing split-thickness skin grafts using negative-pressure wound therapy without suture fixation
Authors: Inatomi Yusuke , Kadota Hideki , Kamizono Kenichi , Hanada Masuo , Yoshida Sei
Published: August 2019

Objective:

Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is generally applied as a bolster for split-thickness skin grafts (STSG) after the graft has been secured with sutures or skin staples. In this study, NPWT was applied to secure STSGs without any sutures or staples. Surgical outcomes of using NPWT without sutures was compared with a control group.

Methods:

Patients with STSGs were divided into two groups: a ‘no suture’ group using only NPWT, and a control group using conventional fixings. In the no suture group, the grafts were covered with meshed wound dressing and ointment. The NPWT foam was placed over the STSG and negative pressure applied. In the control group, grafts were fixed in place using tie-over bolster, securing with fibrin glue, or NPWT after sutures.

Results:

A total of 30 patients with 35 graft sites participated in the study. The mean rate of graft take in the no suture group was 95.1%, compared with 93.3% in the control group, with no significant difference between them. No graft shearing occurred in the no suture group. Although the difference did not reach statistical significance, mean surgical time in the no suture group (31.5 minutes) tended to be shorter than that in the control group (55.7 minutes).

Conclusion:

By eliminating sutures, the operation time tended to be shorter, suturing was avoided and suture removal was not required meaning that patients could avoid the pain associated with this procedure. Furthermore, the potential for staple retention and its associated complications was avoided, making this method potentially beneficial for both medical staff and patients.
Current therapeutic applications and pharmacokinetic modulations of ivermectin
Authors: Sharun Khan , Shyamkumar T. S. , Aneesha V. A. , Dhama Kuldeep , Pawde Abhijit Motiram , Pal Amar
Published: August 2019

Ivermectin is considered to be a wonder drug due to its broad-spectrum antiparasitic activity against both ectoparasites and endoparasites (under class of endectocide) and has multiple applications in both veterinary and human medicine. In particular, ivermectin is commonly used in the treatment of different kinds of infections and infestations. By altering the vehicles used in the formulations, the pharmacokinetic properties of different ivermectin preparations can be altered. Since its development, various vehicles have been evaluated to assess the efficacy, safety, and therapeutic systemic concentrations of ivermectin in different species. A subcutaneous route of administration is preferred over a topical or an oral route for ivermectin due to superior bioavailability. Different formulations of ivermectin have been developed over the years, such as stabilized aqueous formulations, osmotic pumps, controlled release capsules, silicone carriers, zein microspheres, biodegradable microparticulate drug delivery systems, lipid nanocapsules, solid lipid nanoparticles, sustained-release ivermectin varnish, sustained-release ivermectin-loaded solid dispersion suspension, and biodegradable subcutaneous implants. However, several reports of ivermectin resistance have been identified in different parts of the world over the past few years. Continuous use of suboptimal formulations or sub-therapeutic plasma concentrations may predispose an individual to resistance toward ivermectin. The current research trend is focused toward the need for developing ivermectin formulations that are stable, effective, and safe and that reduce the number of doses required for complete clinical cure in different parasitic diseases. Therefore, single-dose long-acting preparations of ivermectin that provide effective therapeutic drug concentrations need to be developed and commercialized, which may revolutionize drug therapy and prophylaxis against various parasitic diseases in the near future. The present review highlights the current advances in pharmacokinetic modulation of ivermectin formulations and their potent therapeutic applications, issues related to emergence of ivermectin resistance, and future trends of ivermectin usage.

Keywords: ivermectin, ivermectin resistance, pharmacokinetic modulation, therapeutic applications.
The Radio and/as Digital Productivism
Authors: Glahn Philip
Published: August 2019

Early theorists of the radio understood the medium's potential to radically transform both the technological apparatus and its use-value as a generator of identities and attitudes. Bertolt Brecht famously demanded that the radio's communication be two- rather than one-sided, while Boris Arvatov hailed radio as a »socialist object,« defined by its ability to generate collective rather than competing notions of subjectivity and ownership. Today's radio projects capitalize on the opportunities for expanded communication and shared resources offered by digital media, yet rely on the physical radio apparatus to negotiate the realities and myths of access and inclusion, immediacy and immateriality, the local and the global. Soldering workshops and online guides for making transmitters, the limited reach of micro-fm ethers, the creation of radio-forests implement and put to the test avant-garde notions like collectivity, immediacy, and dematerialization, ideas seemingly immanent to the rhetoric of the network.
Monumental Negligence: the Difference between Working and Alienated Labor
Authors: Bernbeck Reinhard
Published: August 2019

In this paper, I argue that the calculation of necessary work hours for the construction of ancient buildings in order to assess their monumentality and meaning needs to consider an element of labor hitherto almost completely neglected: the perspective of the laborers themselves. Using a Chayanovian approach to the logic of drudgery in production, I show that various practices and institutional arrangements in ancient Mesopotamian societies include attempts to negotiate a critical point of tension in projects that required a massive number of laborers. This point is defined here as the »utility-drudgery-threshold«.
Tierwohl und Tierethik
Authors: Wawrzyniak Daniel
Published: August 2019

Was bedeutet es, dass es einem Tier gut geht? Empirische Untersuchungen aus Agrarwissenschaft und Veterinärmedizin können diese Frage nur unzureichend beantworten, auch die philosophische Literatur zur Tierethik hat sich bislang kaum mit dem Begriff Tierwohl und der empirischen Forschung dazu auseinandergesetzt. Anhand einer philosophischen Analyse des Tierwohlbegriffs verbindet Daniel Wawrzyniak Moralphilosophie und Empirie und eröffnet dadurch ein grundlegendes Verständnis dessen, was das Wohl eines Tiers beinhaltet, welche Verantwortung Menschen hinsichtlich dieses Wohls besitzen und welche Konsequenzen sich daraus für das Halten und Nutzen von Tieren für menschliche Zwecke ergeben.
Skatepark Worlds
Authors: Borden Iain
Published: August 2019

Over the last two decades, a veritable skatepark renaissance has been underway worldwide, with tens of thousands of skateparks offering skateboarders a huge variety of fantastical forms and exciting riding surfaces. Different users of skateparks have also emerged, whether from constructing, operating, riding or just hanging out at skateparks. Consequently, skateparks typically offer distinct social, cultural, health and even economic advantages, and often stretching far beyond the act of skateboarding. In this chapter I explore these aspects of skateboard culture, showing how skateparks themselves can create new forms of community, and also how social enterprises can use skateboarding and skateparks to enable social change at challenging locations worldwide.
Literatur sehen
Authors: Potsch Sandra
Published: August 2019

Literarische Werke werden in der Regel nicht betrachtet, sondern gelesen. Anders verhält es sich mit ihren Originalen, den Manuskripten und Entwürfen. Häufig kaum lesbar, widersetzen sie sich dem gewohnten Umgang mit Literatur und öffnen den Blick für die Schriftbildlichkeit, Materialität und Architektur der Texte. Ausgehend von dieser Beobachtung zeigt Sandra Potsch, welche Zugänge das Original für die Literaturvermittlung im Museum bereithält. Neben literatur-, bild- und medienwissenschaftlichen Überlegungen enthält die Studie spannende Einblicke in die Manuskripte von Friedrich Schiller, Christian Morgenstern, Franz Kafka, Walter Benjamin, Michael Ende, W.G. Sebald und Martin Mosebach.
Die »Aura« des Originals im Museum
Authors: Weindl Roman
Published: August 2019

Geht es um das Alleinstellungsmerkmal der Museen in der Bildungslandschaft, taucht regelmäßig das Schlagwort der »Aura« von ausgestellten Originalen auf. Unklar bleibt jedoch, was genau damit gemeint ist, was diese »Aura« austrägt und ob tatsächlich jeder in der Lage ist, sie auch zu »spüren«. Roman Weindl zeigt anhand einer eingehenden Betrachtung der Begriffe Aura, Originalität und Authentizität auf, inwiefern die These von der »Aura des Originals« problematisch ist. Auf Basis einer interessentheoretischen und semiotischen Konzeption von Authentizität geht er in einem Experiment der Frage nach, ob Originale in Museumsausstellungen von den Besucher_innen als interessanter wahrgenommen werden als Nachbildungen.
Black or White?
Authors: Krasznahorkai Kata
Published: August 2019

The paper analyses one of the most stunning controversies in the 1970s: the solidarity with Angela Davis in Eastern Europe; solidarity used as state propaganda on the one side and as subversive artistic action against the state on the other. Both intended to criticize current power relations. Two moves of appropriation of the figure of Angela Davis are in focus: Erich Honecker who staged himself as part of a huge mass-propaganda with Angela Davis, and Tamás St. Auby who showed solidarity with Davis in a happening in Hungary criticizing exactly those socialist power relations that Honecker celebrated. The State Security measures taken against St. Auby imply, that from the perspective of the state, the appropriation of Angela Davis by non-state artists posed a major threat to the order of the socialist society-showing that state suppression is never black or white, also not in dictatorships. The paper also responds to the method of researching in State Security Archives. It shows how these documents can reconstruct operative practices of disruption and disinformation related to artists. All the more those who had the same figure of reference as the official state propaganda-Angela Davis.
Die Kritik der Kamera
Authors: Cseh-Varga Katalin
Published: August 2019

Für Künstler_innen der ungarischen Neoavantgarde besaß die Fotokamera eine »agency«-Funktion. Sie war ein aktiver Mitgestalter ihrer konzeptuellen Arbeiten. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Phänomen der sog. performativen Fotografie, eine Aktion, die einerseits die Produktion der Bilder ausstellt und reflektiert, andererseits der Kamera sowie dem Bediener des Geräts eine gewisse Agency zuspricht. Die reflektierende Funktion der performativen Fotografie ist eigentlich eine kritische Funktion, die in diesem Aufsatz am Beispiel der Arbeiten von László Lakner und Akos Birkás in zweierlei Hinsicht untersucht werden: als Subversion einer verzerrt wahrgenommenen Ideologie mittels einer rekontextualisierten Ikonographie und als Zurückweisung einer visuellen Sprache, die durch offizielle Machtinstanzen vorgegeben war, die sich als probates Mittel erwies, um den Finger auf die zentralen Fragen nach der Funktion von Kunst und Künstlerschaft zu legen.
Kunst unter Aufsicht
Authors: Karow Susanne
Published: August 2019

Museale Kunstvermittlungsprojekte erfahren häufig wenig Resonanz innerhalb der Institution, so dass sich die Frage nach ihrer Nachhaltigkeit stellt. Aus der Perspektive der Kritischen Kunstvermittlung analysiert Susanne Karow ein partizipatives Projekt, adressiert an das Aufsichtspersonal des Museums, das sich diesem Umstand angenommen hat. Dabei zeigt sie innerhalb vermittlungspraktischer und raumsoziologischer Kontexte auf, dass die Museumsaufsichten einen ganz eigenen Zugang zu Kunst und Vermittlung haben, und weist nach, dass eine partizipative Vermittlungspraxis ihrerseits nachhaltig sein und transformative Wirkung haben kann. Die Forschungsergebnisse dienen darüber hinaus als Praxismodell, um Transformationsprozesse konzeptuell plan- und realisierbar zu machen.
Religion und Wirtschaft bei Georg Simmel
Authors: Berger Pascal
Published: August 2019

Georg Simmels Schaffen war von der Frage geleitet, wie eine religiöse Lebensführung unter säkularen Vorzeichen noch möglich ist: Die Geldwirtschaft befreit das Individuum aus traditionalen Bindungen, doch weder die Ökonomie noch die althergebrachten religiösen Institutionen vermögen das noch verbleibende religiöse Begehren nach individueller Ganzheitlichkeit zu befriedigen. Sinnstiftung obliegt, einmal freigesetzt, nun dem auf sich gestellten Individuum selbst. Pascal Bergers Studie zeichnet Simmels Perspektiven auf den Zusammenhang von Religion und Wirtschaft nach und leistet damit einen Beitrag zur soziologischen Theorien- und Ideengeschichte.
Nation Europa!
Authors: Koch Marcus
Published: August 2019

Mit dem Begriff der Nation entwirft Marcus Koch einen Entwicklungsschritt für die Europäische Integration, durch den diese in den Herzen und Köpfen der Menschen stabilisiert werden kann. Er zeigt den Nutzen und das Potenzial der Nation als modernes politisches Strukturmerkmal in einer Zeit auf, in der die Probleme einer stetig komplexer werdenden Umwelt die Gesellschaft in Europa immer stärker unter Druck setzen. In den Zeiten einer in der öffentlichen Diskussion beschädigt scheinenden Europäischen Einigung werden so Anregungen für ein Weiterdenken über den Stand der derzeitigen Europäischen Union hinaus geboten.
Depression im Spitzensport
Authors: Kühnle Felix
Published: August 2019

Depressionen im Spitzensport sind seit den Suiziden bekannter Athleten und Athletinnen ein Dauerthema im öffentlichen Diskurs. Der Leidensdruck betroffener Akteure ergibt sich dabei nicht allein aus innerpsychischen Vorgängen, sondern hängt auch von der Art und Weise ab, wie über Depressionen kommuniziert wird. Schließlich beobachten die Leidenden ihre Situation vor allem anhand sprachlicher Konstruktionen, die gesellschaftlich verfügbar sind. Felix Kühnle klärt über die sozialen Bedingungen auf, die die Kommunikation über Depressionen im Spitzensport antreiben und das Schicksal der Betroffenen wesentlich beeinflussen.
Ein Tag in Atlantis
Authors: Polat Nilgin Tanis
Published: August 2019

Nilgin Tanis Polat berichtet in ihrem Beitrag von der Tagung »Ein Tag in Atlantis«, die an der Ege Universität zu Izmir zum Thema Lyrik und Übersetzen stattgefunden hat. Franz Josef Czernin, Erhan Altan, Miriam Rainer und Peter Waterhouse widerspiegelten in ihren Beiträgen anhand von konkreten Beispielen die komplexe Herausforderung lyrischer Texte, aber zugleich auch deren Potenziale, die sie im Übersetzungsprozess bieten. Aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven befassten sie sich in diesem Sinne mit dem Verhältnis von Literatur, Übersetzung und Interkulturalität. Der »Tag in Atlantis«, der als ein Ort des Treffens, des Austauschs und ständigen Wandelns aufgefasst wurde, beleuchtete somit verschiedene Perspektiven des Übersetzungsprozesses im Hinblick auf poetische Transformationen. Es wurde offensichtlich, dass gerade die in Gedichten zum Tragen kommende symbolische Struktur der Sprache einen Spielraum offenlässt - von eigenen Ideen und Vorstellungen geleitet -, in die dargebotene poetische Welt einzutauchen. Die Beiträge ließen zudem erkennen, dass diese individuellen Zugänge aber auch auf den Ausgangstext zurückwirken, zumal sie ihre Bedeutung bereichern. In dieser Hinsicht ist eine wechselseitige Beziehung zu erkennen, die zwischen alt und neu bzw. zwischen hier und dort erzeugt wird. Hieraus ergibt sich ebenso die Bedeutung des Übersetzers, der als Auslöser für neue Zusammenhänge dem Leser eine neue schöpferische Gestaltung des Originalwerkes präsentiert.
Un « nouveau » fragment du Περὶ φιλοσοφίας : le papyrus d’Aï Khanoum
Authors: Auffret Thomas
Published: August 2019

This article is devoted to the philosophical fragment found in 1977 in the Bactrian city of Aï Khanum. Both its content and origin are still a matter of dispute among scholars. I provide first a new edition of the three remaining columns of the fragment, based on a new reading of its photographic reproductions. The second part of this paper deals with the difficult problem of its origin. I give new evidence in favour of the hypothesis according to which the transmitted text is a piece of the second book of Aristotle’s lost dialogue Περὶ φιλοσοφίας. First, the comparison between this fragment and the opening lines of Theophrastus’ so-calledMetaphysicssuggests that both of them were written shortly after Plato’s death in the same historical and philosophical context, viz inside the Assos circle. Then, I examine the hypothesis of Louis Robert and Paul Bernard according to which an epigram written at the end of a list of Delphic maxims also found in Aï Khanum must be attributed to Clearchus of Soli, the pupil of Aristotle during the Assos period. The close connection between Clearchus’ main philosophical interests and the first book of Aristotle’s lost dialogue explains why he chose to bring it with him during his journey through the East, and left it in Aï Khanum. Finally, the reconstruction of the general structure of the Περὶ φιλοσοφίας leads to the conclusion that the fragment must come from its second book.
Alessandro di Afrodisia e Proclo sulla dialettica
Authors: Del Forno Davide
Published: August 2019

In this paper I compare Alexander of Aphrodisias’ and Proclus’ conceptions of dialectic by discussing a passage from Alexander’s commentary on Aristotle’s Topics and texts from Proclus’ Platonic Theology and commentary on Plato’s Parmenides. I show how Alexander takes up Aristotle’s view of dialectic as an argumentative technique that has no specific object but can be put in the service of philosophy e. g. to establish first principles. In a key passage, Alexander quotes some lines from the Parmenides to emphasize that this was also Plato’s view on dialectic. By contrast, Proclus uses the Parmenides as a crucial source for his conception of dialectic as the crowning glory of philosophy, and fiercely criticizes such interpretations of the Parmenides as that of Alexander, which reduce it to the illustration of a logical method. I argue that the difference in their conceptions of dialectic lies in Alexander’s positive and Proclus’ negative view on doxa and on its role in knowledge.
Ancient Skepticism and Modern Fiction: Some Political Implications
Authors: Laursen John Christian
Published: August 2019

This article draws out the political implications of some of the avatars of ancient skepticism in modern fiction. It relies on Martha Nussbaum’s claim that fiction can provide some of the best lessons in moral philosophy to refute her claim that ancient skepticism was a bad influence on morals. It surveys references to skepticism from Shakespeare through such diverse writers as Isabel de Charrière, Herman Melville, Mark Twain, Anatole France, and Albert Camus down to recent writers such as Orhan Pamuk and Michel Houellebecq. The most substantial treatment is of Naguib Mahfouz’sCairo Trilogy, which is interpreted in two ways: one, as an example ofisostheniaor equipollence in arguments on both sides of questions about gender in the Islamic world, and two, as the biography of a person who claims to be a self-conscious skeptic. Skepticism emerges as a multi-faceted concept in modern literature, but there are definite references back to the ancient skeptics, including mention of the name Pyrrhonism and knowledge of the writings of Sextus Empiricus. The political implications militate against dogmatic claims to truth and knowledge of a one-dimensional justice.
Effect of curing degree on mechanical and thermal properties of 2.5D quartz fiber reinforced boron phenolic composites
Authors: Fu Huadong , Qin Yan , He Xin , Meng Xinyue , Zhong Yiyou , Zou Zhenyue
Published: August 2019

2.5D quartz fiber reinforced boron phenolic composites with different curing degrees were prepared by different curing temperatures and curing times. The effects of curing degree on the flexural strength and thermal properties of the composites were investigated by mechanical properties test, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that the flexural strength increases to the increase in the degree of cure, but the rate of increase is non-linear. When the degree of cure is higher than 90%, the flexural strength of the composite is more than 300 MPa and the bending failure mechanism of the composite is analyzed by SEM. The TG test showed that the degree of cure had little effect on the residual weight of the composite at 1000°C, but had a greater effect on the temperature of the previous weight loss.
A simple method for the production of low molecular weight hyaluronan by in situ degradation in fermentation broth
Authors: Mei Jianfeng , Dong Zhihong , Yi Yu , Zhang Yanlu , Ying Guoqing
Published: August 2019

Fermentation of hyaluronan (HA) by Streptococcus zooepidemicus was carried out in a 10-L fermentor. When the medium pH was controlled at 7.0 and the temperature was maintained at 38°C for 12 h followed by 35°C for 8 h, the yield of HA was 4.83 g/L with a molecular weight of 1,890 kDa. After the cells were removed by centrifugation from the fermentation broth, HA was slowly degraded to low molecular weight HA by hyaluronidase at a suitable temperature without a decrease in HA concentration. If the time and temperature for enzymatic degradation were controlled, the desired low molecular weight HA could be obtained by in situ degradation in the fermentation broth. The method does not require the addition of exogenous hyaluronidase, and is a simple way to produce low molecular weight HA.
On the structure, survival and change of consonant clusters
Authors: Dziubalska-Kołaczyk Katarzyna
Published: August 2019

This paper shows how preferability measures can help to explain the cross-linguistic distribution of consonant clusters, their acquisition, as well as aspects of their diachronic development. Phonological preferability is measured in terms of cluster size and Net Auditory Distance, which interact with morphological complexity and frequency. Predictions derived from the preferability of clusters are tested against the evidence of language specific phonotactics, language use, language acquisition, psycholinguistic processing, and language change.
Optimization of acid catalyzed esterification and mixed metal oxide catalyzed transesterification for biodiesel production from Moringa oleifera oil
Authors: Niju S. , Raj Fernando Russell , Anushya C. , Balajii M.
Published: August 2019

Moringa oleiferaoil (MOO), a second-generation lipid feedstock that has been reckoned as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production in recent years. In the current study, crude MOO possessing high acid value (80.5 mg of KOH/g) was subjected to two step esterification and transesterification process for biodiesel production and the process was applied with central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that H2SO4concentration of 0.85 vol%, reaction time of 70.20 min, and methanol to oil ratio of 1:1 (vol/vol) significantly decreased the acid value to 3.10 mg of KOH/g of oil. Moreover, copper oxide-calcium oxide (CuO-CaO) nanoparticles were developed and evaluated as a novel heterogeneous base catalyst for synthesizingMoringa oleiferamethyl esters (MOME). The synthesized catalyst was scrutinized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis. Copper oxide (CuO) was perceived to be the dominant phase in the synthesized catalyst. Highest MOME conversion of 95.24% was achieved using 4 wt% CuO-CaO loading, 0.3:1 (vol/vol) methanol to oil ratio and 150 min reaction time as the optimal process conditions.
Kinetics and the fluidity of the stearic acid esters with different carbon backbones
Authors: Wang Wenchao , Li Fashe , Li Ying
Published: August 2019

In this work, stearic acid esters were prepared using [HPY][HSO4] ionic liquids as catalysts and different kinds of alcohols and stearic acid as reactants in a self-designed reactor. Catalytic esterification, kinetics analysis and low temperature fluidity of the esters were studied. Through single-factor experiment, the optimal reaction conditions were determined for methyl stearate, ethyl ester, propyl ester, butyl ester, and amyl ester. The conversion rates under the optimized conditions were all above 97%. The kinetics of the reaction process of all five esters was analyzed by the integral method, and the activation energy, pre-exponential factor and kinetic model were obtained for the five esters. Finally, the low temperature fluidity of all esters was tested and the best value was observed for amyl alcohol. Therefore, these esters would be useful additives for reducing the condensation and cold filter plugging points of biodiesel, thus improving the cold flow properties of biodiesel.
Overcoming the motivational gap: A preliminary path to rethinking intergenerational justice
Authors: Pirni Alberto
Published: August 2019

The paper frames the issue of intergenerational justice by addressing an historical source and a theoretical difficulty. In relation to the historical point of view, the paper offers a preliminary re-reading of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights aimed at revealing the intergenerational commitment that lies behind it (§1). In addressing the second point, it presents the issue of intergenerational justice from a phenomenological perspective (§2). In developing such a perspective, the paper articulates a comprehensive ethical question that is constitutively related to any possible shaping of an intergenerational justice theory (§3). In turn, the explanation of that question presents the opportunity to propose a theory of motivation for the elaboration and implementation of policies explicitly aimed at fulfilling the intergenerational need, beyond any skepticism arising from pragmatic objections. Finally, the paper proposes to address this need by presenting a model of obligation ranking in which the flexibility and strength of the normative bond for the present generation and future ones are considered (§4).
Human rights, reciprocal recognition and the state. A durkheimian contribution
Authors: Souza Luiz Gustavo Da Cunha De
Published: August 2019

The paper deals with a possible tension within Axel Honneth’s theory of justice as presented in his Freedom’s Right. It takes as its point of departure Georg Lohmann’s objection that Honneth loses sight of the critical potential associated with positive right and tries to discuss it critically both exposing Lohmann’s and Honneth’s position. From the complex of problems identified thereby, the paper moves to a discussion of Émile Durkheim’s theory of State, with which it helps to provide a possible contribution to the discussion between positive, individual rights and the normative framework of social freedom.
Promoting pro-environmental behaviour through augmented reality and persuasive informational power: A pilot study
Authors: Coen Sharon , Drumm Ian , Fantinelli Stefania
Published: August 2019

This pilot study examined the idea that use of a mobile technology can have positive consequences for both individual users and, indirectly, society. The augmented reality (AR) application used here is defined as a persuasive technology because it is intended to modify users’ attitudes or behaviours. The application was designed for personal use although it can generate indirect benefits for users’ communities as well as for users themselves. The application was tested on a small sample in a controlled setting in order to observe how it was used and to evaluate its efficacy as a source of information and tool for persuasion. The results showed that opinions of the AR device were generally positive; moreover, participants admitted that it improved their awareness of environmental issues. The strengths of this research are that it shows how the use of persuasive technologies can have collective benefits and demonstrates their informational power.
Once a pun a time: Exploring factors associated with perceptions of humorous punning
Authors: Smith Richard H. , Hoogland Charles E. , Brown Edward G.
Published: August 2019

Using participants’ reactions to puns (words or phrases with two or more possible meanings) embedded in hypothetical scenarios, we investigated how perceptions of punning are influenced by characteristics of both the social situation and the punster. Consistent with the reversal theory of humor, Study 1 (N=185) showed that puns are considered funnier and more appropriate in playful than serious situations and less appropriate when they interrupt conversation than when they complete a conversation sequence without causing an interruption. Consistent with age-based developmental expectations of punsters, Study 2 (N=333) indicated that obvious puns told by children are perceived more favorably than those told by adults of varying ages and levels of expertise in the subject area of the pun. Future research might benefit from using more naturalistic settings and examining the extent to which various contemporary humor frameworks (e.g. benign violations theory) apply more specifically to punning in context.
Effect of the Impurity Ions on the Crystallization of Urea Phosphate
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Baoming , Ying Danyang , Liu Yong , Hua Quanxian , Liu Li , Tang Jianwei
Published: August 2019

In the present work, the influence of Al3+, Fe3+, SO42–, F–, Mg2+ on the crystallization of urea phosphate during the synthesis process of urea phosphate with phosphoric acid and urea was investigated. The crystallization time, the yield of urea phosphate, the purity of urea phosphate, crystal morphology, and the characterization of urea phosphate by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were studied. The experimental results show that the crystallization time of urea phosphate prolonged with the addition of impurities, the yield of urea phosphate all decreased with the increasing concentrations of Al3+, Mg2+, Fe3+ and SO42–, except F–. The impurities have no effect on the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in urea phosphate products. The Al3+, Fe3+, F– cause the irregular crystal morphology, while the crystal with the Mg2+, SO42– has a better dispersion, regular shape and high transparency. This study provides reliable and effective theoretical guidance for the synthesis process of urea phosphate by the wet process phosphoric acid.
Leaching of Indium from Indium-and Iron-Bearing Sphalerite Concentrate in Sulfuric Acid–Ferric Sulfate Solution
Authors: Hui Huang , Fan Zhang , Zhigan Deng , Chang Wei , Xingbin Li , Minting Li , Cunxiong Li
Published: August 2019

Leaching of indium from an indium-and iron-bearing sphalerite concentrate in sulfuric acid– ferric sulfate solution was examined. The effects of various parameters were studied. Increases in the stirring speed, temperature, ferric ion and sulfuric acid concentrations, and decreases in the particle size, enhanced the indium leaching rate. Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses of the unreacted and reacted sphalerite concentrate particles showed that elemental sulfur was formed and precipitated at the particle surfaces. The results show that dissolution was controlled by a mixed-control process. In the initial stage, the dissolution kinetics was chemically controlled. When more elemental sulfur was present on the particle surfaces, the dissolution kinetics was controlled by mass transfer though the sulfur layer. The activation energy of the chemically controlled step was 33.9 kJ/mol. The reaction orders with respect to the initial sulfuric acid and ferric ion concentrations were approximately 0.74 and 0.60, respectively.
Fields of Danger: The Looming Threat of Agroterrorism on the United States’ Agriculture
Authors: Haley Marshall
Published: August 2019

An attack on America’s food supply could come in many forms such as: poisoning imported food, burning crop fields, or a conventional terrorist attacks on food centers; however, one of the most frightening and potentially disastrous scenarios for an attack is a coordinated, biological agroterrorism attack released on the nation’s livestock or crops.
Numerical Analysis of Soliton Propagation in a Tapered Waveguide
Authors: Raja M. A. , Ranathive S. , Sivaram M. , Krishna Kumar L. , Vinoth Kumar K. , Amiri Iraj S
Published: August 2019

In this paper, dispersion decreased profiled tapered fiber is designed whose dispersion characteristics and soliton propagation is investigated numerically using Darboux transformation. The result reveals that solitons pulse gets compression as it propagates along the length of the tapered region.
Energy flow of a 2018 FIA F1 racing car and proposed changes to the powertrain rules
Authors: Boretti Albert
Published: August 2019

In the last few years, the different teams have dramatically improved the directly injected, electrically assisted turbocharged, internal combustion engine of FIA F1 hybrid electric cars. With limited fuel flow rate, but unlimited boost, the engine is now delivering peak power at fuel conversion efficiencies about 45% running lean stratified with the help of some sort of jet ignition. The paper analyses the energy flow of a FIA F1 hybrid electric car covering one lap of the Monte Carlo race track of length 3.370 km. The amount of energy recovered is minimal, at the most 2 of the 9.77 MJ of braking energy, or 20.6%. The fuel consumption per lap, 1.16 kg of fuel, or 50.34 MJ of fuel energy, needed to deliver the 16.28-18.28 MJ of propulsive energy, at an outstanding average efficiency of 32 to 36%, may still be dramatically reduced. New rules are thus proposed to promote the development of technical features that could be beneficial to passenger car applications, from advanced turbo-compounding, to enhanced thermal and mechanical energy recovery, and better hybridization.
Perception Verbs in Brazilian Portuguese: A Functional Approach
Authors: Hengeveld Kees , de Souza Edson Rosa Francisco , Braga Maria Luiza , Vendrame Valéria
Published: August 2019

This paper examines the semantic and morphosyntactic complementation patterns of perception verbs in Brazilian Portuguese. Using the framework of Functional Discourse Grammar, five semantic complement types are identified. It is subsequently shown that these five types are in an implicational relationship, such that the set of semantic complement types that a certain perception verb in Brazilian Portuguese may take occupies a contiguous segment on a hierarchy of semantic complement types. The morphosyntactic complements of perception verbs in Brazilian Portuguese include noun phrases, finite, and non-finite clauses, the latter comprising progressive1 and infinitival forms. The second part of the study shows that the choice for one of these types can to a high extent be predicted from the semantics of the complements, using the same hierarchy of semantic complement types.
Heterogeneous palladium SALOPHEN onto porous polymeric microspheres as catalysts for heck reaction
Authors: Mella Claudio , Torres Cecilia C. , Godard Cyril , Claver Carmen , Pecchi Gina , Campos Cristian H.
Published: August 2019

Catalysts based on porous polymeric microspheres were prepared from N,N′-Bis(3,3′-allyl-salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine Pd(II) (PdAS) metallo-monomer, styrene (STY), and divinylbenzene (DVB) as co-monomers. The effects of the STY/PdAS mass ratio of co-monomers were investigated to synthesize the optimal catalyst. All the prepared materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), solid-state diffuse-reflectance UV Vis (DRS UV-Vis) spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Increasing the PdAS content from 1 to 5 wt%, based on the mass feed of monomers, produced well-defined spherical polymer resins with particle diameters of ~200 μm and high surface areas (>500 m2/g). XPS spectra shown a unique Pd2+ signal associated with the PdAS complex immobilized on a porous resin matrix. The catalytic performances of porous polymer microspheres were evaluated for Heck reaction between iodobenzene and methyl acrylate to produce methyl cinnamate, giving up to 100 % selectivity for the trans-isomer. The resin with 5 wt% PdAS showed the best catalytic activity in methyl cinnamate synthesis. Finally, the best catalytic system was evaluated in octinoxate production producing the target product with the same levels of conversion and selectivity for trans-isomer as was detected for methyl cinnamate synthesis.
Bases conceptuales para el diseño de una metodología de didáctica musical
Authors: Botella Nicolás Ana María , Adell Valero José Rafael
Published: August 2019

El objetivo principal de este artículo es diseñar una metodología adecuada para impartir música desde la escuela infantil hasta la enseñanza universitaria. Con este fin, se muestran los fundamentos teóricos que han inspirado el método. La base del mismo es la refundición de dos metodologías existentes: la cooperativa y la de proyectos. Ambas se han fusionado para su mejor aprovechamiento didáctico. Finalmente se ha esbozado su aplicación en un contexto real en dos ámbitos escolares como educación secundaria obligatoria y magisterio.
La construcción del espacio en el documental: Radio Atacama (2014)
Authors: Cerdán Martínez Víctor , Villa Gracia Daniel
Published: August 2019

Este artículo aborda el proceso creativo de la película Radio Atacama (Cerdán (director), 2014) desde una metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa basada en las teorías de Mihaly Csikszentmihaly, Edward De Bono, David Bordwell y Jacques Aumount con el objetivo de describir la evolución de los espacios de rodaje en el montaje de las tres versiones de trabajo que se conservan de la película Radio Atacama. Radio Atacama es una película rodada en Bolivia y Chile y postproducida en España. Es un ejemplo de como una producción independiente puede realizar un proyecto en el ámbito iberoamericano mezclando personal europeo y espacios de América del Sur. Las facilidades que ofrece la digitalización de los procesos audiovisuales facilitan el desarrollo de un nuevo cine iberoamericano donde los autores tienen una gran libertad creativa, sin compromisos de fechas de finalización u obligaciones de entrega a distribuidoras. El objetivo principal de este artículo es describir con datos concretos la evolución narrativa de la película Radio Atacama, desde la primera versión de montaje hasta la definitiva. El objetivo secundario es realizar una reflexión sobre el proceso creativo en el montaje de una película documental y profundizar en la evolución que sufre un proyecto que finalmente es estrenado en festivales internacionales de cine.
Fotografía, memoria e identidad
Authors: Muñoz Jiménez José
Published: August 2019

El interés de este trabajo radica en la revisión de algunos de los elementos del lenguaje inherentes a la creación audiovisual, mediante el análisis de un caso concreto perteneciente al medio fotográfico y situado en el espacio geográfico de la ciudad marroquí de Fez. La perspectiva fotográfica que aquí nos interesa es la de la propia ratificación y certificación del referente que reproduce la fotografía, atendiendo a la descripción de que “toda fotografía es un certificado de presencia” (Barthes, 1990), que unida a su esencia desde el momento inicial, la emplaza en lo que podríamos denominar metafóricamente, espejo de la realidad, aprehendiendo todo aquello que refleja. Su esencia física capta la “huella de luz” más allá del espejo que la invierte, en esa mágica destilación de la luz en la oscuridad de la cámara fotográfica, que a modo de metáfora de la caverna, nos va a situar en la perspectiva del conocimiento de las ciencias sociales. De esta manera, toda fotografía tiende a traspasar el espacio físico para trasladarlo al espacio mental, en clara asociación a la memoria. Esta pertinencia y efectividad fotográfica pocas veces va a tener que ver con la intencionalidad del autor, toda vez que esta producción visual queda al alcance de la comunidad que la asume, configurándose como elementos fuertes de la identidad, junto a los imaginarios que invoca y la construcción de los arquetipos culturales.
Banda sonora e identidades en la generación “Y”
Authors: Gustems Carnicer Josep , Calderón Garrido Diego , Faure Carvallo Adrien , Montoya Rubio Alba
Published: August 2019

Desde los comienzos del cine, en los que una sola persona se ocupaba prácticamente de todo, la organización de la creación de un film fue evolucionando, y las diversas funciones del proceso fueron aumentando y especializándose progresivamente. La noción de autoría colectiva es un concepto difícil de abordar y de comprender en toda su dimensión. En  este artículo se pretende analizarlo, tras estudiar de qué modo la estructura de colaboración en equipo de aquella época influía en sus creadores, y por qué razón se considera que unos son autores, mientras a otros se les niega esa condición. Para examinar a fondo cuál era el sistema de trabajo real de los distintos oficios se La televisión ha tenido una importancia innegable en los años 90 en España, sobre todo para los niños y jóvenes que pertenecen a la llamada generación “Y” o “Millennials”. Este grupo ha crecido paralelamente a la tecnología doméstica y las redes sociales, haciendo de los entornos audiovisuales su hábitat natural. En este contexto, las series televisivas de animación de dicha época causaron una gran influencia en este colectivo que estaba entonces en pleno crecimiento y formación. Nuestro estudio pretende analizar las características sonoras de las cabeceras de las 20 series de animación infantil más vistas en las televisiones españolas de ámbito estatal en los años 90, mediante la aplicación de una plantilla de análisis sonoro-musical validada y aplicada en investigaciones anteriores por diversos autores. Con todo ello se caracteriza el paisaje sonoro que acompañó a esta generación en su infancia, distinguiendo entre distintos perfiles sonoros. Para ello, se analiza la presencia o ausencia de determinados elementos sonoros y musicales, originales o manipulados mediante técnicas de postproducción, orientados a distintos públicos según el sexo, la edad, las emociones, la motivación por la tecnología o por las relaciones sociales. Así pues, se plantea profundizar y sustentar la heterogeneidad presente en los individuos de esta generación, huyendo de clichés homogeneizadores, posibilitando modos distintos de acercamiento a su identidad social y a la riqueza que estos representan para la sociedad española actual, partiendo del sonido que les acompañó y marcó en su infancia.
Shark Fin Regulations in the United States: Animal Welfare, Cultural, and Policy Considerations
Authors: Liu John Chung-En , Gertz Brandon , Newman Naomi
Published: August 2019

Sharks play critical roles in the marine ecosystem, and they face serious threats due to overfishing. Conservation efforts have focused on the consumption of shark fins, especially the “finning” practice that removes the fins of a shark and discards the carcass at sea. This article reviews the shark fin legislation in the United States, including the “finning ban” which outlaws finning practices and the “fin ban” that prohibits the use of shark fins entirely. Our case study specifically focuses on the animal welfare, cultural, and policy debates surrounding these bans. We discuss how and why shark finning is regarded as a cruel practice and whether shark fin bans discriminate against Chinese Americans. At the policy level, there is an ongoing policy debate whether a ban on shark fins in the United States would lead to increased protection of sharks or it would have little effect on the global trade. Due to the lack of detailed information on shark fisheries, the policy discussion is likely to persist. Although this case study focuses only on regulations on shark fins, we would like to emphasize that shark fin industry is not the only threat to sharks. Conservationists also need to consider other issues such as bycatch, habitat destruction, and a wider array of policy tools to protect sharks.
Evaluating The Ocean Cleanup, a Marine Debris Removal Project in the North Pacific Gyre, Using SWOT Analysis
Authors: Morrison Evan , Shipman Alexandra , Shrestha Shradha , Squier Evan , Stack Whitney Kaitlin
Published: August 2019

Plastic pollution in oceans, also known as marine debris, is a growing problem at local and global scales. Anthropogenic marine debris poses a serious threat to many marine species, both through physical harm such as ingestion or entanglement and by carrying toxins and pathogens. This debris accumulates in oceanic gyres, concentrating these effects in some specific areas. In addition, marine debris may have devastating impacts on tourism and fishing-based economies, especially where ocean currents direct this debris. Recently, a nonprofit organization called The Ocean Cleanup proposed the first large-scale in situ marine debris removal project. The Ocean Cleanup is a project attempting to use large, floating, semi-fixed screens to harness ocean currents and accumulate debris, where it can be efficiently collected and disposed of or recycled. The project currently is working on implementing itself in the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch,” in the North Pacific Gyre. We examine this project case, as it is the first organization attempting to clean up marine debris at this scale. Understanding the potential efficacy and limitations of The Ocean Cleanup Project as a case study can give critical insights into how other projects could be created in the future to address marine plastic pollution worldwide. Using SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis to assess a marine debris cleanup can inform both a nuanced evaluation of the specific case as well as provide a means to explore marine debris as a complex, global environmental problem.
The evolution from cardiac physiologists to clinical scientists in the UK: a guide to attaining equivalence
Authors: Campbell Brian , Robinson Shaun , Rana Bushra
Published: August 2019

At its inception, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was employed as a basic screening tool for the diagnosis of heart valve disease and as a crude indicator of left ventricular function. Since then, echocardiography has developed into a highly valued non-invasive imaging technique capable of providing extremely complex data for the diagnosis of even the subtlest cardiac pathologies. Its role is now pivotal in the diagnosis and monitoring of heart disease. With the evolution of advanced practice and devolving care, ordinarily performed by senior doctors, to the cardiac physiology workforce in the UK, significant benefits in terms of timely patient care and cost savings are possible. However, there needs to be appropriate level of accountability. This accountability is achieved in the UK with statutory regulation of healthcare professionals and is a crucial element in the patient protection system, particularly for professions in patient facing roles. However, statutory regulation for staff practising echocardiography is not currently mandatory in the UK, despite the level of responsibility and influence on patient care. Regulators protect the public against the risk of poor practice by setting agreed standards of practice and competence and registering those who are competent to practice. Regulators take action if professionals on their register do not meet their standards. The current cardiac physiology workforce can be recognised as registered clinical scientists using equivalence process through the Academy for Healthcare Science, and this review aims to describe the process in detail.