bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental diagnosis of the Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores case based on the indicators of sustainable universities (RISU)
Authors: Sánchez R. Cesar Augusto
Published: April 2024

Damage to the planet is due to natural and anthropic processes that contribute to polluting substances that are not easily assimilated by environmental components, so the community must act from the identification of activities and their effects on the environment to contribute to the damage control. From this perspective, this text arises from the environmental diagnosis research project at the Los Libertadores University Foundation based on the analysis of the Sustainable University Indicators (RISU) and attached to the line of research on globalization and sustainable development. The research used RISU´s indicators; the researchers analyzed environmental teaching and training, environmental research and technology, environmental extension and projection, and environmental management and ordering. Regarding the indicators of evaluation of university sustainability policies, these arise from a research project of the RISU that seeks to evaluate the commitment towards environmental sustainability. The ecological performance evaluation was established employing 25 questions that allowed assessing the sustainability of the Los Libertadores University Foundation. When considering the application of the 25 questions, it is evident that in the Los Libertadores University Foundation, compliance is 66.7%. The teaching and training aspect is in the lowest percentage with an average of 55.5 %. It is concluded that the projection towards university sustainability is on the way.
Evaluation of four types of biofertilizers in vegetables as an alternative to good agricultural practices (GAP), with producers from the Colón Putumayo municipality (Colombia)
Authors: Guerra Acosta Adriana del Socorro , Gómez Perengues Aura Elisa , Bastidas Bacca Maira Alejandra
Published: April 2024

The use of biofertilizers has shown positive effects on soil fertility and increased crop productivity. For this reason, and understanding that one of the main economic activities in the municipality of Colón is based on agriculture, training was provided to horticultural producers on the preparation, application and evaluation of the advantages of biofertilizers and their importance at an environmental level. the objective was to assess four types of biofertilizers in vegetables as an alternative to good agricultural practices (GAP), four types were developed and evaluated: panthetonate, anaerobic broth, superlean and forest mulch broth. Surveys were carried out that provided information on the handling of seeds, soil, use of fertilizers, agronomic and by-product management, in addition, theoretical-practical training was given on the advantages of applying liquid fertilizers in the production of vegetables and the elaboration of these . To evaluate the response to the application, an unrestrictedly randomized block design (BIA) was established, where it was evaluated in the plants in the cultivation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). The variables evaluated were plant height every 15 days, wet plant weight and dry matter. A statistical analysis of variance (Andeva) and a Tukey significance test were performed where (P < 0.05), the results of lettuce growth presented significant differences where the anaerobic broth biofertilizer was used, which increased the height, fresh weight of the plant, compared to the absolute control.
Analysis about interaction between society and the conservation of wild species: a review
Authors: Amézquita Barrera Daniela , Huertas Peralta Bryan , Suárez La Rotta Sarah , Ruiz Urquijo Juan
Published: April 2024

Since the 19th century to the present (2021), awareness of the understanding of otherness in society-nature interactions and the particularities that this type of relationship demands is increasing. The objective of this research work is through the analysis of bibliographic references through a narrative and systematic resection to evaluate the interaction between these two species has been beneficial or the opposite; as well as measures that humans must take to mitigate negative impacts on wild and exotic animals. The work of monitoring the available literature is carried out with a research protocol of sequential steps. From the implementation of the latter, the evidence that expresses the variety of examples in the literature is described. Within the methodology used to obtain this information, tools such as: Science-Direct Topics, Scopus, Elsevier, and Mendeley like as bibliographic reference tool were taken into account; For this article, the history, the importance of the reference articles, the filters are taken into account, everything to make this review article as clear as possible.
Financial Literacy Simulation in Managerial Finance: Signing Up for a Mock 401(k)
Authors: Fredrickson Joann
Published: April 2024

Much evidence suggests a growing need for financial literacy as a prerequisite to a lifetime of financial well-being. And while it has been recommended that U.S. colleges and universities implement a mandatory financial literacy course (President’s Advisory Council on Financial Literacy, 2009; U.S. Financial Literacy and Education Commission, 2019), no such requirement has been imposed. Currently, only one quarter of college students report access to financial literacy education (Montalto et al, 2019). Guided by best practices and insights, this paper examines the opportunity for an upper-division core business course to support a focused, financial literacy learning opportunity for upper classmates by employing a simulated retirement plan enrollment. This work contributes to the body of work on financial literacy education and represents an efficient approach to providing relevant education to meet the growing financial literacy needs of college students.
Synthesis of Methyl Ester from Microalgae Chlorella sp. TAD Using the In-Situ Transesterification Method
Authors: Telussa Ivon , Fransina Eirene G. , Kalauw Kalsum
Published: April 2024

Synthesis of methyl ester from Chlorella sp. TAD microalgae was carried out using the in-situ transesterification method. This study aims to determine the methyl ester composition of Chlorella sp. TAD microalgae using the in-situ transesterification method. The in-situ transesterification method is a modified method that allows extraction and transesterification into methyl ester products in one process simultaneously. The in-situ transesterification process lasted 8 hours, followed by a distillation process to remove the n-hexane content and an oven for 2 hours to evaporate the remaining water. The results of the analysis using GC-MS to determine the chemical content of the methyl ester compound from Chlorella sp. TAD, showed the methyl ester composition of 7,10-hexadecanoic methyl ester, 8,11,14-docosatrienoic methyl ester, 9-hexadecanoic methyl ester, hexadecanoic methyl ester, heptadecanoic methyl ester, 10-octadecenoic methyl ester, octadecenoic methyl ester, 9,12-octadecadienoic methyl ester, 10-octadecenoic methyl ester, 2-hexyl cyclopropaneoctanoic methyl ester, eicosanoic methyl ester, 10-heptadecen-8-ynoic acid methyl ester, nonahexacontanoic methyl ester, and tetracosanoic methyl ester.
Tre didaktiska reflektionsverktyg i kombination för att utveckla undervisning i naturvetenskap
Authors: Rundberg Mattias , Cederqvist Anne-Marie , Nilsson Pernilla
Published: April 2024

Lärarutbildningen ska ge lärarstudenter möjlighet att utveckla ämnesdidaktisk kunskap om bland annat ämnesinnehållet, kursplaner och bedömning, vilket de sedan ska kunna omvandla till praktiska handlingar i klassrummet. För att lyckas behöver lärarstudenter även utveckla sin förmåga att reflektera didaktiskt och kunna använda sin reflektion för att utveckla sin undervisning. Inom lärarutbildningen vid Högskolan i Halmstad har vi använt de tre didaktiska reflektionsverktygen Content representation (CoRe), Storyline, och Lesson Observation Tool (LOT) för att utveckla lärarstudenternas förmåga att planera, genomföra och reflektera kring undervisning i naturvetenskap med koppling till sin VFU. I denna artikel vill vi dela med oss av våra erfarenheter av denna arbetsmodell. Syftet är att ge en beskrivning av hur lärarstudenter och verksamma lärare kan ta stöd av de tre vetenskapligt baserade reflektionsverktygen för att planera, genomföra och utvärdera undervisning i naturvetenskap.
Lilinha Fernandes e Quincas Laranjeiras: duas Andorinhas entre Sonhos que passam
Authors: Amorim Humberto
Published: April 2024

O artigo pauta a relação entre a poeta e compositora Lilinha Fernandes (1891-1981) e o violonista e compositor Quincas Laranjeiras (1873-1935), apresentando partituras, fontes e documentos inéditos ou pouco conhecidos, frutos da parceria entre esses dois personagens ao longo da década de 1920, buscando evidenciar, nesse período, a eventual importância de ambos no cenário musical e literário do Rio de Janeiro. Ancorados em base documental e em diálogo com a literatura disponível sobre o tema, nosso objetivo é pautar figuras relacionadas ao violão ainda pouco conhecidas e cujas produções (ou parte delas) antecedem à década de 1930, promovendo o resgate (sempre em construção) de trajetórias e/ou obras obliteradas.
The performance of solvent-based direct air capture across geospatial and temporal climate regimes
Authors: Brooks Bjørn-Gustaf J. , Geissler Caleb H. , An Keju , McCoy Sean T. , Middleton Richard S. , Ogland-Hand Jonathan D.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Liquid-solvent direct air capture (DAC) is a prominent approach for carbon dioxide removal but knowing where to site these systems is challenging because it requires considering a multitude of interrelated geospatial factors. Two of the most pressing factors are: (1) how should DAC be powered to provide the greatest net removal of CO2 and (2) how does weather impact its performance?.

Methods

To investigate these questions, this study develops a process-level model of a liquid-solvent DAC system and couples it to a 20-year dataset of temperature and humidity conditions at a ~9km resolution across the contiguous US.

Results and discussion

We find that the amount of CO2 sequestered could be 30% to 50% greater than the amount of CO2 removed from the atmosphere if natural gas is burned on site to power DAC, but that the optimal way to power DAC is independent of capture rate (i.e., weather), depending solely on the upstream GHG intensity of electricity and natural gas. Regardless of how it is powered, air temperature and humidity conditions can change the performance of DAC by up to ~3x and can also vary substantially across weather years. Across the continuous US, we find that southern states (e.g., Gulf Coast) are preferrable locations for a variety of reasons, including higher and less variable air temperature and relative humidity. Lastly, we also find the performance of liquid-solvent DAC calculated with monthly means is within 2% of the estimated performance calculated with hourly data for more than a third of the country, including in the states with weather most favorable for liquid-solvent DAC.
Exposure to diverse political views in contemporary media environments
Authors: Steinfeld Nili , Lev-on Azi
Published: April 2024

Exploring the nexus between digital media and citizens’ exposure to diverse political views is imperative for understanding contemporary democratic engagement. This study builds upon Mutz and Martin’s (2001) seminal research, integrating digital communication channels previously unexamined. Our findings suggest that the interpersonal character of media interactions, rather than the mere distinction between offline and online platforms, significantly influences the diversity of political views to which individuals are exposed. Contrary to the prevalent theories of “echo chambers” and “filter bubbles,” our analysis reveals a nuanced media landscape where digital platforms facilitate both homogeneous and heterogeneous political exposures, depending on their specific affordances. This study contributes to the political communication literature by offering a comprehensive overview of exposure dynamics in the digital age.
Game accessibility course design modules in higher education
Authors: Westin Thomas
Published: April 2024

Game accessibility has evolved significantly during the last 10 years, both within the industry and in research. Further inclusion in both games and the game industry requires educational resources useful within game curricula, which has been developed by the industry, to raise awareness about design and development regarding game accessibility and related issues. The purpose of this paper is to explain how inclusive game design and game accessibility can be taught to students in higher education, for curricular design, in-between generic curricula and practice. A tentative curriculum framework (TCF) was developed by the author and a co-author, based on feedback from peers. The problem is that there is still a gap between the basic structure of the TCF and how to apply it in higher education courses. The goal with this paper is to exemplify how this can be done with a set of generalized modules with course activities based on teaching by the author for two decades, that can be implemented in higher education courses, either modified or as-is, related to the TCF. A set of example modules consisting of activities is presented that can be adapted and applied by peer educators. Future work involves transforming the modules themselves into open educational resources, organized based on the TCF. Hopefully, this can motivate peer educators to also contribute with further open educational resources in a common repository, to aid each other as a community of educators developing best practices for teaching about game accessibility in higher education.
Evaluating the student experience at UK-China joint institutes
Authors: Lee Christine H. , Bremner Duncan , Clerkin Caoimhe , Daw Michael I. , Hussain Sajjad , McDonald Pip , Menzies John , Meyer John Christopher , Ponciano Joao , Shan Sofia , Shipston Michael J. , Welburn Susan C. , Yang Hong , Stefan Melanie I.
Published: April 2024

Joint Institutions are created from two different universities joining together to create a collaborative research and education effort. Compared to traditional universities, several unique challenges present themselves from this arrangement. We are especially interested in the student experience at UK-China Joint Institutes. We therefore organized a conference with the UK-China Joint Institute Alliance to aggregate knowledge on this issue. This paper summarizes the topics presented and discussed at the conference including: student learning and methods with which to measure and improve it, monitoring and incentivizing student engagement, the transition period from high school to university, teaching evaluations of staff, and lastly, learning and teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Detecting differential item functioning in presence of multilevel data: do methods accounting for multilevel data structure make a DIFference?
Authors: Svetina Valdivia Dubravka , Huang Sijia , Botter Preston
Published: April 2024

Assessment practices are, among other things, concerned with issues of fairness and appropriate score interpretation, in particular when making claims about subgroup differences in performance are of interest. In order to make such claims, a psychometric concept of measurement invariance or differential item functioning (DIF) ought to be considered and met. Over the last decades, researchers have proposed and developed a plethora of methods aimed at detecting DIF. However, DIF detection methods that allow multilevel data structures to be modeled are limited and understudied. In the current study, we evaluated the performance of four methods, including the model-based multilevel Wald and the score-based multilevel Mantel–Haenszel (MH), and two well-established single-level methods, the model-based single-level Lord and the score-based single-level MH. We conducted a simulation study that mimics real-world scenarios. Our results suggested that when data were generated as multilevel, mixed results regarding performances were observed, and not one method consistently outperformed the others. Single-level Lord and multilevel Wald yielded best control of the Type I error rates, in particular in conditions when latent means were generated as equal for the two groups. Power rates were low across all four methods in conditions with small number of between- and within-level units and when small DIF was modeled. However, in those conditions, single-level MH and multilevel MH yielded higher power rates than either single-level Lord or multilevel Wald. This suggests that current practices in detecting DIF should strongly consider adopting one of the more recent methods only in certain contexts as the tradeoff between power and complexity of the method may not warrant a blanket recommendation in favor of a single method. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.
Circadian dysfunction and cardio-metabolic disorders in humans
Authors: Marhefkova Natalia , Sládek Martin , Sumová Alena , Dubsky Michal
Published: April 2024

The topic of human circadian rhythms is not only attracting the attention of clinical researchers from various fields but also sparking a growing public interest. The circadian system comprises the central clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, and the peripheral clocks in various tissues that are interconnected; together they coordinate many daily activities, including sleep and wakefulness, physical activity, food intake, glucose sensitivity and cardiovascular functions. Disruption of circadian regulation seems to be associated with metabolic disorders (particularly impaired glucose tolerance) and cardiovascular disease. Previous clinical trials revealed that disturbance of the circadian system, specifically due to shift work, is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review is intended to provide clinicians who wish to implement knowledge of circadian disruption in diagnosis and strategies to avoid cardio-metabolic disease with a general overview of this topic.
Immunometric and functional measurement of endogenous vasoinhibin in human sera
Authors: Zamora Magdalena , Harris David , Davies Nils , Ebnet Johannes , Radermacher Peter , Brucker Cosima , Waller Christiane , Robles Juan Pablo , Bertsch Thomas , Clapp Carmen , Triebel Jakob
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Circulating levels of the antiangiogenic protein vasoinhibin, a fragment of prolactin, are of interest in vasoproliferative retinopathies, preeclampsia, and peripartum cardiomyopathy; however, it is difficult to determine the circulating levels of vasoinhibin due to the lack of quantitative assays.

Methods

This study used human serum samples to assess the concentration and bioactivity of vasoinhibin using a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for human vasoinhibin, which employs an anti-vasoinhibin monoclonal antibody, a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation assay, and a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis assay.

Results

Serum samples from 17 pregnant women without (one group) and with preeclampsia and pregnancy induced hypertension (another group) demonstrated endogenous vasoinhibin concentrations in the range of 5–340 ng/ml. Immunoactive vasoinhibin levels were significantly higher in preeclampsia serum compared to healthy pregnancy serum (mean 63.09 ± 22.15 SD vs. 19.67 ± 13.34 ng/ml, p = 0.0003), as was the bioactive vasoinhibin level as determined by the HUVEC proliferation assay (56.12 ± 19.83 vs. 13.38 ± 4.88 ng/ml, p < 0.0001). There was a correlation between the concentration of vasoinhibin measured by ELISA and the HUVEC proliferation assay (Pearson r = 0.95, p < 0.0001). Healthy serum demonstrated a proangiogenic effect in the CAM assay (p < 0.05, compared to control), while serum from preeclamptic patients demonstrated an antiangiogenic effect (p < 0.05 vs. control), as did recombinant human vasoinhibin and a synthetic circular retro-inverse vasoinhibin analogue (CRIVi45-51). The antiangiogenic effects in the CAM assay and the inhibition of HUVEC proliferation were abolished by addition of the ELISA anti-vasoinhibin monoclonal antibody, but not by mouse IgG.

Discussion

These results demonstrate the first quantitation of endogenous vasoinhibin in human sera and the elevation of it levels and antiangiogenic activity in sera from women with preeclampsia. The development and implementation of a quantitative assay for vasoinhibin overcomes a long-standing barrier and suggests the thorough clinical verification of vasoinhibin as a relevant biomarker.
Coupling imaging mass cytometry with Alcian blue histochemical staining for a single-slide approach
Authors: Hemon Patrice , Ben-Guigui Danivanh , Geier Margaux , Castillon Marine , Paranthoen Corentin , Pers Jacques-Olivier , Le Rochais Marion , Uguen Arnaud
Published: April 2024

Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) is a metal mass spectrometry-based method allowing highly multiplex immunophenotyping of cells within tissue samples. However, some limitations of IMC are its 1-µm resolution and its time and costs of analysis limiting respectively the detailed histopathological analysis of IMC-produced images and its application to small selected tissue regions of interest (ROI) of one to few square millimeters. Coupling on a single-tissue section, IMC and histopathological analyses could permit a better selection of the ROI for IMC analysis as well as co-analysis of immunophenotyping and histopathological data until the single-cell level. The development of this method is the aim of the present study in which we point to the feasibility of applying the IMC process to tissue sections previously Alcian blue-stained and digitalized before IMC tissue destructive analyses. This method could help to improve the process of IMC in terms of ROI selection, time of analysis, and the confrontation between histopathological and immunophenotypic data of cells.
Endotoxin tolerance and trained immunity: breaking down immunological memory barriers
Authors: López-Collazo Eduardo , del Fresno Carlos
Published: April 2024

For decades, innate immune cells were considered unsophisticated first responders, lacking the adaptive memory of their T and B cell counterparts. However, mounting evidence demonstrates the surprising complexity of innate immunity. Beyond quickly deploying specialized cells and initiating inflammation, two fascinating phenomena – endotoxin tolerance (ET) and trained immunity (TI) – have emerged. ET, characterized by reduced inflammatory response upon repeated exposure, protects against excessive inflammation. Conversely, TI leads to an enhanced response after initial priming, allowing the innate system to mount stronger defences against subsequent challenges. Although seemingly distinct, these phenomena may share underlying mechanisms and functional implications, blurring the lines between them. This review will delve into ET and TI, dissecting their similarities, differences, and the remaining questions that warrant further investigation.
Changes in growth, morphology, and levels of digestive enzymes and growth-related hormones in early ontogeny of black scraper, Thamnaconus modestus
Authors: Liu Liming , Zeng Jun , Zhang Zhe , Wang Jiulong , Mei Weiping , Wang Chengwu , Liu Zhenpeng , Xu Wengang
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The black scraper, Thamnaconus modestus, is a highly valued marine fish species, but its output has gradually decreased in recent years, which may be due to its low survival rate during early ontogenesis.

Methods

Therefore, in this study, we assessed the changes in growth, morphology, digestive enzymes, and hormone levels in T. modestus from 0–60 days post-hatching (dph) and revealed growth turning points by morphological measurement and determination of digestive enzyme activities and hormone levels. We found that ontogenesis could be divided into the larval (0–20 dph) and juvenile (20–60 dph) stages. Acid and alkaline protease activity significantly increased and decreased, respectively, from 12–25 dph, likely due to the development of stomach and gastric glands. Acid phosphatase levels significantly increased at 0 and 4 dph, which may be related to the regulation of metabolism and immune protection. A sharp increase in alkaline phosphatase levels at 20 and 25 dph was observed and was likely due to the development of the brush border membrane of enterocytes. The amylase level was significantly higher at 25, 30, and 35 dph, possibly due to better digestion and absorption during the transition from consuming Artemia to compound feed. In newly hatched larvae, the level of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) gradually increased and peaked at 35 dph, highlighting the importance of these hormones during the development of T. modestus. Growth hormone (GH) levels first increased from 0–8 dph, with a plateau at 8–20 dph, and then increased at 25–30–35 dph. For insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a significant increase with a subsequent plateau was observed between 8 and 20 dph, followed by a substantial decrease between 30 and 35 dph. These results suggest that the regulating functions of GH and IGF-1 are synchronised. Digestive enzyme activity and hormone levels of abnormal fry at 30 dph were lower than those of normal fish, highlighting the importance of specific hormones, especially T4 and IGF-1, in the development of T. modestus.
First report on in-depth genome and comparative genome analysis of a metal-resistant bacterium Acinetobacter pittii S-30, isolated from environmental sample
Authors: Singh Rajnish Prakash , Sinha Ayushi , Deb Sushanta , Kumari Kiran
Published: April 2024

A newly isolated bacterium Acinetobacter pittii S-30 was recovered from waste-contaminated soil in Ranchi, India. The isolated bacterium belongs to the ESKAPE organisms which represent the major nosocomial pathogens that exhibit high antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis also showed its closest match (>95%) to other A. pittii genomes. The isolate showed metal-resistant behavior and was able to survive up to 5 mM of ZnSO4. Whole genome sequencing and annotations revealed the occurrence of various genes involved in stress protection, motility, and metabolism of aromatic compounds. Moreover, genome annotation identified the gene clusters involved in secondary metabolite production (biosynthetic gene clusters) such as arylpolyene, acinetobactin like NRP-metallophore, betalactone, and hserlactone-NRPS cluster. The metabolic potential of A. pittii S-30 based on cluster of orthologous, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes indicated a high number of genes related to stress protection, metal resistance, and multiple drug-efflux systems etc., which is relatively rare in A. pittii strains. Additionally, the presence of various carbohydrate-active enzymes such as glycoside hydrolases (GHs), glycosyltransferases (GTs), and other genes associated with lignocellulose breakdown suggests that strain S-30 has strong biomass degradation potential. Furthermore, an analysis of genetic diversity and recombination in A. pittii strains was performed to understand the population expansion hypothesis of A. pittii strains. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the detailed genomic characterization of a heavy metal-resistant bacterium belonging to A. pittii. Therefore, the A. pittii S-30 could be a good candidate for the promotion of plant growth and other biotechnological applications.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia virulence: a current view
Authors: Mikhailovich Vladimir , Heydarov Rustam , Zimenkov Danila , Chebotar Igor
Published: April 2024

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen intrinsically resistant to multiple and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Although the bacterium is considered a low-virulence pathogen, it can cause various severe diseases and contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of multibacterial infections. During the COVID-19 pandemic, S. maltophilia has been recognized as one of the most common causative agents of respiratory co-infections and bacteremia in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The high ability to adapt to unfavorable environments and new habitat niches, as well as the sophisticated switching of metabolic pathways, are unique mechanisms that attract the attention of clinical researchers and experts studying the fundamental basis of virulence. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge on the molecular aspects of S. maltophilia virulence and putative virulence factors, partially touched on interspecific bacterial interactions and iron uptake systems in the context of virulence, and have not addressed antibiotic resistance.
Research progress on the N protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Authors: Zheng Yajie , Li Gan , Luo Qin , Sha Huiyang , Zhang Hang , Wang Ruining , Kong Weili , Liao Jiedan , Zhao Mengmeng
Published: April 2024

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious disease caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). PRRSV exhibits genetic diversity and complexity in terms of immune responses, posing challenges for eradication. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of PRRSV, an alkaline phosphoprotein, is important for various biological functions. This review summarizes the structural characteristics, genetic evolution, impact on PRRSV replication and virulence, interactions between viral and host proteins, modulation of host immunity, detection techniques targeting the N protein, and progress in vaccine development. The discussion provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the pathogenic mechanisms underlying PRRSV virulence, developing diagnostic techniques, and designing effective vaccines.
2D MoS2 monolayers integration with metal oxide-based artificial synapses
Authors: Gautam Mohit Kumar , Kumar Sanjay , Rani Shalu , Zeimpekis Ioannis , Georgiadou Dimitra G.
Published: April 2024

In this study, we report on a memristive device structure wherein monolayers of two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) are integrated with an ultrathin yttrium oxide (Y2O3) layer to simulate artificial synapses functionality. The proposed physical simulation methodology is implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics tool and is based on the minimization of free energy of the used materials at the applied input voltage. The simulated device exhibits a stable bipolar resistive switching and the switching voltages is significantly reduced by increasing the number of MoS2 layers, which is key to conventional low-power computing and neuromorphic applications. The device is shown to perform synaptic functionalities under various applied bias conditions. The resulting synaptic weight decreases almost linearly with the increasing number of MoS2 layers due to the increase in the device thickness. The simulation outcomes pave the way for the development of optimised metal oxide-based memristive devices through their integration with semiconducting 2D materials. Also, the 2D MoS2 integration can enable the optoelectronic operation of this memory device.
Sleep deprivation reduces the baroreflex sensitivity through elevated angiotensin (Ang) II subtype 1 receptor expression in the nucleus tractus solitarii
Authors: Liu Ling-feng , Wang Yu-wan , Sun Jia-cen , Wang Yang-kai , Tan Xing , Wang Wei-zhong
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Sleep insufficiency has been linked to an increased risk of high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases. Emerging studies have demonstrated that impaired baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is involved in the adverse cardiovascular effects caused by sleep deprivation, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, the present study aims to clarify the role of abnormal renin-angiotensin system in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) in impaired BRS induced by sleep deprivation.

Methods

Rats were randomly divided into two groups: normal sleep (Ctrl) and chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) group. Rats were sleep deprived by an automated sleep deprivation system. The blood pressure, heart rate, BRS, the number of c-Fos positive cells and the expression of angiotensin (Ang) II subtype 1 receptors (AT1R) in the NTS of rats were assessed.

Results

Compared to Ctrl group, CSD group exhibited a higher blood pressure, heart rate, and reduced BRS. Moreover, the number of c-Fos positive cells and local field potential in the NTS in CSD group were increased compared with the Ctrl group. It was shown that the expression of the AT1R and the content of Ang II and the ratio of Ang II to Ang-(1–7) were increased in the NTS of rats in CSD group compared to Ctrl group. In addition, microinjection of losartan into the NTS significantly improved the impaired BRS caused by sleep deprivation.

Discussion

In conclusion, these data suggest that the elevated AT1R expression in the NTS mediates the reduced BRS induced by chronic sleep deprivation.
Visual analysis of the research frontiers, hotspots and trends of exercise therapy intervention in tumor-related sleep-wake disorders
Authors: Han Jilei , Zhang Jiachen , Zhang Litao , Guo Juan , Peng Xitao , Ying Chenlin , Li Zhiqing , Li Mu , Chang Lihua , Zhang Yani
Published: April 2024

Objective

To systematically understand the research frontiers, hotspots and development trends of exercise therapy in the intervention of tumor-related sleep-wake disorders, and to provide scientific basis for follow-up research.

Methods

Downloaded the original research papers on February 26, 2024, from the Web of Science core collection database, on tumor-associated sleep-wake disorders. The data that met the inclusion criteria were imported into the Bibliometric Analysis Platform (http://biblimetric.com), CiteSpace 6.3.R1 and VOSviwer1.6.20 software for visual analysis, and imported into Excel2021. Scientometric analysis was performed with Oringin2021 and PyCharm Community Edition 2022.1.3.

Results

A total of 512 original research papers on tumor-related sleep-wake disorders were obtained. The most influential countries in the subject area are the United States, Spain and German, the institutions are the University of California System, Sun Yat Sen University and Northwestern University, et al., the authors are Berger AM, Aaronson NK, Bower JE, et al., and the journals are Cancer, Brit J Cancer and Cancer Nurs. The co-cited references suggest that the current research frontier in the field mainly involves the level, place and program of exercise therapy, including the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behavior and cancer prevention and control. The results of co-occurrence keyword network analysis showed that quality of life, physical activity, breast cancer, exercise, fatigue, and survivors may be the research hotspots in this field, with breast cancer, health, aerobic exercise, adults, and chemotherapy being the most popular.

Conclusions

The number of papers published and the research enthusiasm in this field show a steady upward trend. However, there is a lack of influential institutions and scholars, and there is relatively little research collaboration across countries/regions/institutions. The scientific research influence of institutions and scholars in most European and American countries/regions is significantly ahead of that of institutions and scholars in Asian and African countries/regions. But Sun Yat Sen University in China is a relatively active and influential scientific research institution in recent years, which is worthy of attention. In addition, the research frontier of this discipline is the level, place and program of exercise therapy auxiliary intervention, and the research hotspots involve breast cancer, health, aerobic exercise, adults, chemotherapy, et al. Their clinical efficacy needs to be further demonstrated in multi-center, large-sample and high-quality prospective studies.
Vayu bubble continuous positive airway pressure is a promising solution with favorable treatment outcomes for respiratory distress syndrome in newborns: a qualitative study in Bangladesh
Authors: Banik Goutom , Halim M. A. , Md. Abdullah Abu Sayeed , Oishee Irtifa , Boyce Carolyn , Dey Sanjoy Kumer , Mannan Md Abdul , Moni Sadeka Choudhury , Shabuj Mohammad Kamrul Hassan , Jahan Ismat , Chowdhury Rumpa Mani , Afroze Sharmin , Wall Steve , Shahidullah Mohammod
Published: April 2024

Background

According to Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (2022), neonatal mortality, comprising 67% of under-5 deaths in Bangladesh, is significantly attributed to prematurity and low birth weight (LBW), accounting for 32% of neonatal deaths. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a prevalent concern among preterm and LBW infants, leading to substantial mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) therapy, but the affordability and accessibility of conventional bCPAP devices for a large number of patients become major hurdles in Bangladesh due to high costs and resource intensiveness. The Vayu bCPAP, a simple and portable alternative, offers a constant flow of oxygen-enriched, filtered, humidified, and pressurized air. Our study, conducted in five health facilities, explores the useability, acceptability, and perceived treatment outcome of Vayu bCPAP in the local context of Bangladesh.

Methods

A qualitative approach was employed in special care newborn units (SCANUs) of selected facilities from January to March 2023. Purposive sampling identified nine key informants, 40 in-depth interviews with service providers, and 10 focus group discussions. Data collection and analysis utilized a thematic framework approach led by trained anthropologists and medical officers.

Results

Service providers acknowledged Vayu bCPAP as a lightweight, easily movable, and cost-effective device requiring minimal training. Despite challenges such as consumable shortages and maintenance issues, providers perceived the device as user-friendly, operable with oxygen cylinders, and beneficial during referral transportation. Treatment outcomes indicated effective RDS management, reduced hospital stays, and decreased referrals. Though challenges existed, healthcare providers and facility managers expressed enthusiasm for Vayu bCPAP due to its potential to simplify advanced neonatal care delivery.

Conclusions

The Vayu bCPAP device demonstrated useability, acceptability, and favorable treatment outcomes in the care of neonates with RDS. However, sustained quality service necessitates continuous monitoring, mentoring and retention of knowledge and skills. Despite challenges, the enthusiasm among healthcare providers underscores the potential of Vayu bCPAP to save lives and simplify neonatal care delivery. Development of Standard Operating procedure on Vayu bCPAP is required for systematic implementation. Further research is needed to determine how the utilization of Vayu bCPAP devices enhances accessibility to efficient bCPAP therapy for neonates experiencing RDS.
Feasibility and acceptability of a community health worker administered behavioral activation intervention for postpartum depression: a single arm pilot study from India
Authors: Szajna Amy , Tekkalaki Bheemsain , Nandagaon Veereshkumar , Udapi Gururaj , Sogalad Manjunath , Dandagi Shweta , Kole Uma , Patil Sushma , Raddi Sudha , Short Vanessa , Kelly Patricia J.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Women in India experience high rates of postpartum depression (PPD), with minimal availability of screening or treatment. India has an extensive network of community health workers, known as accredited social health activists (ASHAs). While they are knowledgeable about most maternal–child health problems, they have minimal knowledge about PPD. We trained ASHAs to deliver a simple home-based intervention, behavioral activation (BA), which involves individuals in activities that are sources of positive reinforcement to counter depression. The research questions guiding this study were as follows: 1) What are the feasibility and acceptability of ASHAs screening for and delivering a brief behavioral activation intervention addressing PPD among women in Belagavi, South India? 2) What impact did the brief behavioral activation intervention have on PPD?

Methods

The mixed methods evaluation used interviews with participants and interventionists, and depression scores were assessed before and after the evaluation. After a 2-day training with 17 ASHAs that focused on understanding PPD, screening using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and implementing the BA protocol, ASHAs and researcher supervisors screened the mothers 6–12 weeks postpartum presenting at pediatric immunization clinics. Mothers who screened positive were invited to participate in an ASHA-led 5-week BA intervention, with ASHAs visiting the mothers’ homes. We assessed post-intervention EPDS scores and conducted satisfaction assessments and individual interviews.

Results

All 26 women who screened positive on the EPDS agreed to be enrolled in the study. All participants had a significant reduction (p < 0.001) in PPD scores. Both ASHAs and mothers had high enthusiasm for the intervention methods and activities.

Discussion

This ASHA-delivered BA intervention was found to be feasible, acceptable, and effective in treating PPD in rural Indian mothers. This corroborates literature that demonstrates the efficacy of a BA intervention among individuals with generalized depression in South Asia. In communities with minimal mental health resources, interventions led by trained community workers have the potential to address PPD.
Mental illness and pulmonary tuberculosis: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Xing , Yang Fengbo , He Ronghui
Published: April 2024

Background

Observational studies have confirmed that mental illness and pulmonary tuberculosis are closely related and increase each other’s incidence; however, whether there is a causal genetic association between the two diseases remains unknown. We attempted to answer this question using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) in a large cohort study.

Method

We performed a bidirectional MR analysis between mental illness (major depressive, anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia) and pulmonary tuberculosis using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies in European individuals. The inverse-variance weighted method was used as the primary analytical method to assess causality. In addition, other additional MR methods (weighted median, MR–Egger, and weighted mode) were used to supplement the inverse-variance weighted results. Furthermore, several sensitivity analyses were performed to assess heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and stability.

Result

We identified no causal genetic association between mental illness and pulmonary tuberculosis after applying the inverse variance weighted method (major depressive: odds ratio (OR) = 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.59–1.71, P = 0.98; anxiety disorder: OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 0.05–67.67, P = 0.76; bipolar disorder OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.66–1.22, P = 0.48; and schizophrenia: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.91–1.20, P = 0.51). Similarly, pulmonary tuberculosis was not caustically associated with mental illness (major depressive: OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00–1.02, P = 0.17; anxiety disorder: OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.99–1.01, P = 0.06; bipolar disorder: OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.98–1.07, P = 0.38; and schizophrenia: OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.97–1.05, P = 0.66).

Conclusion

Our research does not support a bidirectional causal association between the aforementioned mental illnesses and pulmonary tuberculosis.
Gender differences in cognitive improvements after two months of atypical antipsychotic treatment in first episode schizophrenia
Authors: Li Wanyi , Cao Xiang , Liang Qian , Li Yan , Zhou Chao , Du Jinglun , Xie Shiping
Published: April 2024

Aims

This study aims to explore the gender differences in cognitive improvements after two months of atypical antipsychotic treatment in first episode schizophrenia (FES).

Methods

82 patients with FES, including 50 male patients and 32 female patients, were enrolled in the present study. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were respectively conducted to evaluate the clinical symptoms and cognitive function of patients with FES at baseline and after treatment. Repeated measure ANOVA was performed to compare gender differences in cognitive domains scores between baseline and 2-month follow-up. Stepwise liner regression model was performed to explore the effect factors of cognitive improvements in patients.

Results

There was no significant difference in age of onset, education years, PANSS scores, duration of untreated psychosis and Olanzapine equivalent doses between male and female patients (all p > 0.05). In the comparisons of cognition function, male patients exhibited better performance in social cognition compared with female patients at baseline (t = 3.20, p < 0.05). After treatment, improvements of attention/vigilance and working memory were both found in male patients and female patients (attention/vigilance, F = 11.867, p < 0.05; working memory, F = 18.265, p < 0.05). In addition, improvement of speed of information processing was only found in female patients (F = 11.65, p < 0.01). Significant interaction between time and gender was found in speed information of processing (F = 4.140, p = 0.045). Stepwise liner regression model revealed that improvements of negative symptoms promote improvements of cognitive function in female patients (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our findings revealed gender differences of cognitive improvements in patients with FES after 2-month treatment. It provides new evidence for gender differences in cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, and also provides preliminary clues for further individualized cognitive intervention strategies.
“There's always something, and then there's more”: a qualitative examination of how virtual peer led self-management can create community around the evolving SCI experience
Authors: Starosta Amy J. , Tyman Shannon , Garbaccio Chris , Chapman Jayden , Hoffman Jeanne M.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Self-management programs for spinal cord injury (SCI) are a growing adjunct to traditional healthcare services aiding individuals with SCI in learning and managing symptoms and medical care. A benefit of self-management programs is that they can be facilitated by peers, offering a unique lived experience of adjusting to and managing SCI. While a growing body of literature highlights the effectiveness of peer led programs, there is limited understanding of how individuals engage with peer programs or critical components of peer support. The current study seeks to understand how individuals engaged with peers in the context of a self-management program.

Methods

Secondary qualitative analysis of online forum posts resultant from a peer led self-management course for SCI.

Results

Content analysis revealed several themes of how participants engaged with members of the group, including skill building, resource sharing, and problem solving. A process level theme of emotional connection to others living with similar SCI-related challenges was defined as “bearing witness.” Participants commented frequently that groups were the first time they engaged with a community with lived experience, and shared experience was frequently highlighted in the responses from individuals as one of the most unique and important aspects of the intervention.

Discussion

Themes identified suggest that bearing witness was a critical component of peer led intervention. While self-management content provided structure for engagement and discussion, participants report that connectedness and shared experience made content more impactful and relevant. Future research should examine if alignment of peer and participant experience increases the impact of interventions and explore if this theme is important for other chronic medical populations.