bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPİNAL ANESTEZİDE SEDASYON AMAÇLI UYGULANAN DEKSMEDETOMİDİNİN YÜKLEMELİ VE YÜKLEMESİZ İNFÜZYONUNUN HEMODİNAMİ VE SEDASYON ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİNİN RETROSPEKTİF İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Yıldırım Mustafa  Kemal , Gökçe  Ceylan Berit , Osmanlıoğlu Haci  Ömer , Er Naciye , Eroğlu Füsun
Published: March 2018

AMAÇ: Bu çalışmanın amacı rejyonel anestezide sedasyon amaçlı uygulanan deksmedetomidinin spinal anestezide yüklemeli ve yüklemesiz infüzyonunun hemodinami ve sedasyon üzerine etkilerinin retrospektif olarak karşılaştırılmasıdır.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Kasım 2003 - Şubat 2015 tarihleri arasında spinal anestezi ile alt abdominal ve alt ekstremite cerrahisi uygulanmış ve sedasyon amaçlı intravenöz deksmedetomidin infüzyonu yapılmış toplam 60 hastanın medikal ve anestezi kayıtları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastalar deksmedetomidinin yüklemeli, grup A (n=40) ve deksmedetomidinin yüklemesiz idame, grup B (n=20) uygulananlar olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Taranan olgularda hemodinamik veriler Kalp Atım Hızı (KAH), Ortalama Arter Basıncı (OAB) ve Ramsey Sedasyon Skoru (RSS) retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.BULGULAR: KAH; grup A’ da, spinal anestezinin 10. dk’sından operasyonun 50. dk’ya kadar, Grup B’ de ise spinal anestezinin 20. dk’sından operasyonun 50. dk’ sına kadar kontrol değerine oranla, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı oranda azaldı. OAB; grup A’ da, spinal anestezinin 15. dk’sından operasyonun 50. dk kadar grup B’ de ise spinal anestezinin 10.dk’sından operasyonun 50. dk kadar kadar tüm zaman aralıklarında kontrol değerine oranla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı oranda azaldı. RSS değerleri her iki grup arasında kontrol, 5. dk, 25. dk, 30. dk’daki kayıt aralıklarında istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu.SONUÇ: Spinal anestezili olgularda; deksmedetomidin yükleme dozu yapmadan idame deksmedetomidin infüzyonuyla hemodinamik dengesizliği daha aza indirerek RSS’da uygun sedasyon düzeyine ulaşılabilineceği retrospektif olarak gözlemlendi.
Caracterização físico-química de polpas de manga ‘Rosa’ liofilizadas
Authors: Oliveira Marcela Nobre , Figueirêdo Rossana Maria Feitosa de , Queiroz Alexandre José de Melo , Diógenes Adelino de Melo Guimarães , Sousa Alison Bruno Borges de , Vasconcelos Ubieli Alves Araújo
Published: March 2018

Objetivou-se neste estudo realizar a caracterização físico-química de polpa de manga ‘Rosa’ em pó, obtida por liofilização. Utilizou-se polpa integral e uma formulação contendo 30% de maltodextrina (agente de secagem). As amostras foram homogeneizadas e congeladas a -18ºC para posterior liofilização por um período de 72 horas. Realizou-se análises das polpas (integral e formulada) e dos pós obtidos quanto aos parâmetros de umidade, atividade de água, sólidos solúveis totais, pH, acidez total titulável, ácido ascórbico e cor instrumental. Verificou-se que a adição do agente carreador alterou as características da polpa com diminuição da umidade, atividade de água, acidez total titulável e ácido ascórbico, elevando o teor de sólidos solúveis totais. Na polpa formulada observou-se aumento de 34% dos sólidos solúveis totais, enquanto que a redução da atividade de água foi de quase 80%. Em relação ao pó, o produto com maltodextrina apresentou redução nos teores de umidade, atividade de água e acidez total titulável quando comparado ao pó de fruta integral. Quanto à cor, houve aumento da luminosidade (L*), de 72,45 para 78,85 e decréscimo da intensidade de amarelo (b*), de 62,72 para 35,33, do pó formulado quando comparado ao pó sem adição de coadjuvante. Foi possível verificar que a inclusão de maltodextrina alterou os parâmetros físico-químicos estudados, tanto nas polpas quanto no pó liofilizado, sendo os parâmetros de umidade, atividade de água e luminosidade os mais afetados.
Outorgas de direito de uso dos recursos hídricos no Alto Curso do rio Piranhas no Sertão da Paraíba
Authors: Sousa Francisca Rozângela Lopes de , Santos Valterlin Da Silva , Oliveira Mayara Muniz de , Vale José Robson Lopes do , Pessoa Mariana Ferreira
Published: March 2018

A outorga de direito do uso dos recursos hídricos é importante para que haja um controle do uso dos recursos hídricos e para que este uso seja realizado de forma correta. O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar um levantamento das outorgas emitidas bem como elaborar um diagnóstico de tais outorgas na Região do Alto Curso do rio Piranhas, localizada no Sertão da Paraíba. Para a realização desse estudo, foi realizado um levantamento das outorgas de águas emitidas na região presentes no site da Agência Executiva de Gestão de Águas do Estado da Paraíba sendo posteriormente realizada uma entrevista com o gestor da Agência. Os resultados possibilitaram identificar a real situação dos usuários de água na região, ao ponto que a maioria dos usuários não tem outorga ou as mesmas estão vencidas, sendo o principal uso para a irrigação e abastecimento rural; os usuários outorgados consomem em média 23 m³/hora e cerca de 38% dos usuários cadastrados consomem mais de 2 m³/hora, ou seja, são passíveis de outorga.
Sanidade de sementes de Crataeva tapia e Ziziphus joazeiro
Authors: Oliveira Maria Ianca Dias , Araújo Maria Bruna Medeiros , Nascimento Luan Vitor , Silva Erick Daniel Gomes da , Ambrósio Márcia Michelle de Queiroz
Published: March 2018

As espécies florestais Crataeva tapia L. e Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., conhecidas como trapiá e juazeiro, respectivamente, são indicadas na recuperação de áreas degradadas. São escassos os trabalhos que abordam a sanidade das sementes destas espécies, portanto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a sanidade das sementes de C. tapia e Z. joazeiro coletadas na matriz e no solo. Foram utilizadas 400 sementes de trapiá e 400 sementes de juazeiro, sendo 200 sementes coletadas na matriz e 200 sementes no solo. Estas foram plaqueadas em meio de cultura BDA (batata-dextrose ágar) + tetraciclina (0,05 g/L) e mantidas em estufa incubadora por cinco dias para quantificação e identificação dos fungos. Nas sementes de C. tapia foram observados os fungos do gênero Aspergillus, Fusarium, Rhizopus, Rhizoctonia e Trichoderma, sendo Aspergillus e Fusarium os mais frequentes. Nas sementes de Z. joazeiro verificou-se contaminação por Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia solani e Rhizopus sp., sendo Aspergillus sp. o que ocorreu com maior frequência. Em ambas as espécies florestais estudadas, as sementes coletadas no solo apresentaram maior diversidade de fungos.
Disponibilidade de fósforo em solos sob produção agroecológica em Governador Dix-Sept Rosado, Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Moura Isadora Nayara Bandeira Medeiros de , Souza Carolina Malala Martins , Silva Ana Carla Rodrigues da , Lima Rebeca Nairony da Silva , Rêgo Lunara Gleika da Silva , Ambrósio Márcia Michelle de Queiroz
Published: March 2018

A matéria orgânica do solo é um relevante controlador da quantidade de fósforo disponível (P) no sistema edáfico. Comparados ao próprio solo, os resíduos orgânicos proporcionam maior disponibilidade de fósforo. Acredita-se que o aumento gradativo dos teores de P esteja condicionado principalmente ao material de origem do solo e ao tipo de adubação realizada, onde, a adubação de origem orgânica apresenta teores de três a onze vezes maiores que as de fósforo. Portanto, este estudo buscou avaliar os teores de fósforo disponíveis em áreas de manejo agroecológico em diferentes anos de cultivo, entendendo a influência na manutenção da qualidade do solo. O estudo foi realizado em Governador Dix-Sept Rosado, Rio Grande do Norte, o solo classificado como um Chernossolo Rêndzico. Foram selecionadas parcelas com diferentes tempos de manejo agroecológico e coletadas amostras em duas profundidades: 0-5 e 5-15 cm, correspondente a 1, 6, 8 e 10 anos e uma área de mata nativa como testemunha. Dispondo como referência a mata nativa, os teores máximos de P apresentaram-se de forma crescente ao longo dos 10 anos de manejo agroecológico em ambas as profundidades. Áreas com adição de adubo apresentaram teores de P disponíveis lineares crescentes, ao longo de 10 anos de cultivo.
Levantamento botânico de plantas utilizadas na arborização urbana de Nova Palmeira, Paraíba
Authors: Santos Janailton Alves dos , Santos Antonia Érica da Silva , Silva Aluísio Marques da , Santos Vanessa Da Costa , Santana Neto Deocleciano Cassiano de
Published: March 2018

A arborização urbana constitui elemento de suma importância para a obtenção de níveis satisfatórios de qualidade de vida, mas também pode levar prejuízos às cidades, se não forem bem planejadas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar o levantamento das espécies arbóreas nativas e exóticas que compõem a arborização do município de Nova Palmeira, no estado da Paraíba. O trabalho foi realizado nos meses de junho a julho de 2017, em nove ruas da cidade. A pesquisa foi realizada verificando os nomes comuns das plantas e também as fotografando para buscar nos bancos de dados da internet as informações restantes. Com isso, verifica-se que cerca de 64,7% da arborização do município é predominantemente constituída de plantas exóticas, distribuídas em 11 famílias botânicas. Além disso, percebe-se uma razoável diversidade de espécies, visto que a cidade é pequena. Apesar de poder encontrar uma boa quantidade de plantas nativas, a composição arbórea das ruas não apresentou nenhuma espécie nativa da Caatinga. A maioria das espécies nativas pertencem as famílias botânicas Fabaceae e Anacardiaceae, enquanto que para as exóticas, pertencem a família Fabaceae. Sendo assim, conclui-se que a quantidade espécies exóticas é maior do que as estabelecidas por lei, podendo ocasionar problemas ambientais.
Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Öğrencilerinde Hepatit B ve Hepatit A Seroprevalansının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KUTLU Ruhuşen , TERLEMEZ Arslan , KARADEMİRCİ Medine Merve
Published: March 2018

ÖZETAmaç: Sıklıkla kan, vücut sıvıları ve dokulara maruz kalma
olasığı yüksek olan sağlık personeli bulaşıcı hepatit A ve hepatit B virüsü
enfeksiyonları açısından mesleki risk taşır. Bu çalışmada diş hekimliği
fakültesi öğrencilerinde meslek hayatlarında karşılaşma olasılığı yüksek olan bu
enfeksiyonları tespit etmek için hepatit B ve hepatit A seroprevalansını değerlendirmeyi
amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki bu araştırma 07 Şubat
2017 -  31 Nisan 2017  tarihleri arasında yapıldı. Çalışmanın
evrenini belirtilen tarihlerde ………..Diş Hekimliği Fakültesine devam eden tüm
öğrenciler oluşturdu. Ancak çeşitli nedenlerle 250 öğrenciden 201’i çalışmaya dahil
edildi (201/250). Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılanların %68,7
kadın (n=138), %31,3 erkek (n=63) olup, yaş ortalaması 19,7±1,49 yıl idi. Öğrencilerin
bağışıklık durumları incelendiğinde; %100’ünde HBsAg negatif, %93,5’inde anti
HBs pozitif, %24,9’unda anti HAV IgG pozitif idi. Cinsiyetler ile serum antiHBs
ve anti-HAV IgG düzeyleri karşılaştırıldığında aralarında istatistiksel olarak
bir ilişki saptanmadı (p>0,05). Ebeveynlerin eğitim durumu, mesleği, aile
tipi ve sınıfları ile antiHBs düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak bir
ilişki saptanmadı (p>0,05). Hepatit A seronegatifliği (79,7%) ortaokul ve
üstü eğitimli babaların çocuklarında daha yüksek olarak saptandı  (p =
0.004).

Sonuç: Bu çalışmamızda
HBs Ag tüm öğrencilerde negatif,  antiHBs
seropozitifliği %93,5, anti-HAV Ig G seropozitifliği %24,9 olarak saptanmıştır.
Hastane çalışanlarında olduğu gibi diş hekimliği fakültesi öğrencilerinin de
aralıklı olarak seropozitiflik açısından taranması, hepatit A ve B seronegatif
olanların aşılanarak korunması mesleki riskleri önleme açısından önerilir.
Yalın Metodolojinin Hastane Laboratuvar Süreçlerinin İyileştirilmesinde Kullanılması (Toyota Üretim Sistemi- Spaghetti Diyagramı)
Authors: YALÇIN Muhterem , ELYAS Cahit , YILDIZ Serdar , ALPŞEN Canan , YALÇIN Gülşen
Published: March 2018

Amaç: Mühendislik alanında süreç iyileştirmede yaygın olarak kullanılan yalınmetotlar, hizmet sektöründe de kullanılmaya başlanılmıştır. Değer ve israf kavramlarıyalın metodolojide yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Biz bu çalışmada süreç akışşeması çizmeden önce, yalın araçlardan spagetti (makarna) diyagramı çizerek israfkavramına odaklandık ve daha ergonomik iş ortamı geliştirmeyi hedefledik.Metot: Çalışma İzmir Aliağa Devlet Hastanesinde Şubat 2015 ve Eylül 2015 tarihleriarasında yapılmıştır. Ölçümlerde kaizen kartları ve timer, çizimlerde Microsoft officekullanıldı. 13 adet ana süreç ve 37 adet işlem aşaması adımları ölçüldü ve çizimlerigerçekleştirildi. Kaizen kartları ve beyin fırtınası yöntemi kullanılarak yenidentasarlama ve tekrar düzeltmeler yapılarak, ölçümler yeniden gerçekleştirildi. Bu işlemüç kez tekrar edildi. İlk ve son durum arasındaki farklar karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: Başlangıçta 283 metre olarak hesaplanan toplam süreç adımları 165metreye düştü. Toplamda %41.5 bir azalma kaydedilirken daha ergonomik bir işortamına ulaşıldı.Sonuç: Elde ettiğimiz veriler, bize yalın metotların laboratuar ortamında kullanılmasıve bu metodolojiye, spagetti diyagramı gibi basit kolay öğrenilebilir görsel yönetimteknikleri ile başlanmasının uygun olacağını düşündürmüştür.
Associations of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level with central corneal and macular thickness in diabetic patients without macular edema
Authors: Teberik Kuddusi , Eski Mehmet Tahir , Kaya Murat
Published: March 2018

Objectives: To determine the correlation
between central corneal thickness (CCT) and central macular thickness (CMT),
and fasting plasma glucose levels and HbA1c levels before diabetic macular
edema (DME) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients without diabetic
retinopathy. Methods: Forty-four eyes of subjects diagnosed with type 2 DM,
and 45 healthy control subjects participated in this study. Detailed
ophthalmologic examination was performed with all participants. CMT was
measured in both groups by Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. CCT
measurements were made with an Echoscan US-500 ultrasonic pachymeter. Blood
biochemical tests for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose
levels were run on all patients. Results: The results of the study
showed that the mean CCT was significantly thicker in type 2 DM patients 563.84
± 33.25 μm
than in the controls 550.13 ± 28.41 μm (p = 0.039). The mean of CMT was 231.27 ±
37.74 μm
in the study group and 225.38 ± 38.33 μm in the control
group (p > 0.05). No relationship
was found between CCT and CMT and HbA1c level in the study and control groups. Conclusions:
The mean CCT was significantly thicker in type 2 DM patients without diabetic
retinopathy than in the controls. The mean CMT is thicker in type 2 DM patients
without diabetic retinopathy patients than in the controls, but this difference
was not statistically significant. Optical coherence tomography can be a
perfect detector for early detection of DME.
The Impact of Air Transportation on Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Pakistan: Evidence from ARDL Modelling Approach
Authors: Hassan Syeda Anam , Nosheen Misbah
Published: March 2018

No one can deny the progression and innovation in the aviation transportation collected at national and international level. But the accountancy of the impact of air transportation on environmental degradation is naive and emerging trend of the current era. The air transportation versus environment is the key contribution to the literature that is solely conducted for Pakistan first time in this context. The objective of this research is to compute the impact of air transportation on carbon dioxide emissions, nitrous emissions and methane emissions separately in the three models by applying ARDL bound test approach during 1990 to 2017. The result depicts significant and positive relation of air transportation (carriage) to carbon dioxide emissions (0.77), nitrous emissions (0.20) and methane emissions (0.38) in long-run. The short-run results infer that the air transportation (passenger) has significantly positive relation to carbon dioxide emissions (0.278), nitrous emissions (0.207), and methane emissions (0.080). The econometric outcomes show the significant and direct relation to transportation (both passenger and cargo) to carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions in short and long-run. Moreover, per capita GDP, population density, and energy demand also significantly affect the environment showing significant and positive coefficients to all three categories (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) of emission. In case of Pakistan, FDI and trade for this duration didn’t significantly contribute to the CO2, NO2, and methane emissions. Since the last decade the economic issues of Pakistan like terrorism, political instability, energy crises, and poor management along with the worst performance by tertiary sectors have severely hit the economy, and as a result, the FDI and trade sector has tormented in a substantial proportion. Finally, pairwise Granger causation also supports the short and long-run consequences. The outcomes suggested that the fuel-efficient energy use and technological diversification in the transportation sector are essential to mitigate the degrading environmental emissions.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ORGANIZATION CULTURE BY FUNCTIONAL WIDYAISWARA ON HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AGENCY OF SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCE
Authors: Hasyim Hasriana
Published: March 2018

The research problem in generally is how the application of organization culture by functional widyaiswara in implementation of organization goal on Human Resources Development Agency of South Sulawesi Province. The research approach in qualitative descriptive with type of research is phenomenon to illustrate in narrative or textual in observed of application the organizational culture on Human Resources Development Agency of South Sulawesi Province. The technique of data analysis through the gathered of information, reduction, display and preparation of information, take of conclusion or verification. The application of organizational culture by widyaiswara functional on Human Resources Development Agency of South Sulawesi Province showed that the organizational culture such as innovative, attention, result oriented teamwork, aggressive and stability in work to actualization of widyaiswara that increased the organization goal. Widyaiswara must have the ability that innovative in applied of task, appointment of high attention suitable with the competence, widyaiswara able to achieve of result oriented suitable with the goal, able to development of team work with doing of aggressive and achieve of stability in work. The six of organizational culture have the important role in achieved of organization goal.

 Keywords: Organizational Culture, Innovative, Attention, Result Oriented, Teamwork, Aggressive and Stability in Work
FACTORS RELATED TO STUDENTS ACHIEVEMENT INDEX OF ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT AT POLITEKNIK NEGERI SAMARINDA-INDONESIA
Authors: Hasiara La Ode , Surya Martin , Mersa Nyoria Anggraeni
Published: March 2018

This research purpose is to know and analyze the direct and indirect relationship between pedagogic competence, professional competence, social competence, personality competence, and service competence with student achievement index of Accounting Department at Politeknik Negeri Samarinda-Indonesia. This research uses quantitative approach by using Part Least Quare (PLS) model, with SPSS tool version for Windows 20. This study found a direct and indirect relationship between pedagogic competence, professional competence, social competence, personality competence, and service competence with student achievement index of Accounting Department at Politeknik Negeri Samarinda-Indonesia. It can be concluded that professional competence has a positive and significant effect on campus services provided to students of Accounting Department at Politeknik Negeri Samarinda-Indonesia. Similarly, campus service to students can give a positive and significant effect on index student achievement of Accounting Department at Politeknik Negeri Samarinda-Indonesia. The higher level of campus service can increase of student achievement index directly. It includes competence, professional; personality competence have significant indirect effect on student achievement index of Accountancy students in Politeknik Negeri Samarinda-Indonesia.

Keywords: competence, service, student achievement index.
tes
Authors: MEC-J Admin
Published: March 2018

tes
ПАРТИЦИПАЦИЈА СТУДЕНАТА У ЕВАЛУАЦИЈИ КВАЛИТЕТА ОБРАЗОВНО-ВАСПИТНОГ ПРОЦЕСА У ВИСОКОШКОЛСКОЈ УСТАНОВИ
Authors: Краварушић Весна
Published: March 2018

У друштву ревизије, уводе се нови трендови контроле над високим образовањем, који се реализују, у складу са европским мерилима, унутрашњом и спољашњом евалуацијом високошколских установа. Кроз евалуацију педагошког рада наставника у овом процесу партиципирају студенти. У циљу обострано потребног унапређивања образовно-васпитног процеса, испитивани су ставови студената о оствареном квалитету и индикаторима на основу којих вреднују рад наставника. Подаци прикупљени путем есеј теста и листе за евалуацију, указују на значај формативне евалуације, али и да на оцењивање квалитета рада наставника утичу: недовољна информисаност студената о условима студирања, студијском програму, прописима, субјективни ставови студента условљени квалитетом њиховог постигнућа и општи утисци о личности наставника. Претпостављена недовољна компетентност студената за евалуациони процес је потврђена, те се препоручује правовремено информисање студената о питањима од значаја за студирање, заједничко утврђивање критеријума, упознавање са стандардима за наставни рад, примена формативне евалуације, измена инструмента за евалуацију, али и спремност наставника да уважи интерес студената и врши акционе корекције у свом раду.
Arbres oléagineux locaux sous-utilisés : potentialités pour une promotion des chaînes de valeur des huiles et implications pour la gestion durable des ressources dans le Kénédougou, Ouest du Burkina Faso
Authors: Tietiambou Fanta Reine Sheirita
Published: March 2018

Au Burkina Faso, il existe des arbres oléagineux locaux à fort potentiel mais sous-utilisées dont la promotion peut contribuer à générer des revenus substantiels pour les communautés rurales et urbaines. La présente étude vise à évaluer le potentiel des Chaînes de Valeur (CVA) des huiles d’arbres locaux pour l’amélioration de l’économie rurale et la gestion durable des ressources dans la province du Kénédougou (Ouest du Burkina Faso). Des enquêtes ethnobotaniques, un bilan de masse de la production des huiles et une étude de marché des huiles et produits oléagineux ont été conduits. Pour comprendre la disponibilité des ressources, une estimation de la production fruitière des arbres ainsi qu’une évaluation de la structure des peuplements ont été réalisées.Les résultats révèlent 11 plantes oléagineuses connues parmi lesquelles Carapa procera DC., Lophira lanceolata Van Tiegh. ex Keay et Pentadesma butyracea Sabine ont un grand potentiel de valorisation. Le procédé d’extraction traditionnelle de l’huile de C. procera est typiquement artisanal avec une efficacité permettant d’obtenir 65,49 % de la teneur en huile de la graine. Pour L. lanceolata et P. butyracea, l’extraction de l’huile est semi artisanale avec des efficacités respectives de 69,08 % et 75,21 % de la teneur en huile des graines. Les indices d’acidité et de paraanisidine des huiles extraites restent dans les limites de valeurs acceptables du Codex Alimentarius. Dans la filière des huiles de ces trois arbres oléagineux, sept CVA ont été identifiées dont trois sont incitatives pour la promotion. Ce sont le beurre brut de P. butyracea destiné à l’exportation avec 88,23 % de Chance de Contribution à la Croissance pro Pauvre du Burkina Faso (CCCP-BF), le savon médical artisanal de C. procera (79,41 % de CCCP-BF) et le savon médical industriel de C. procera (73,5 % de CCCP-BF). L’analyse de la CVA du savon médical artisanal montre qu’elle contribue à une croissance enrichissante globale d’un taux de 77,76 %. Soixante-dix pour-cent des opérateurs ont moins de 20 % du revenu total de la CVA qui est actuellement de 22 904,2 Euros/an. Ce revenu total augmenterait à au moins 51 929,1 Euros/an si les opérateurs s’engageaient dans la promotion de la CVA.
Des arbres et des hommes : nouvelles perspectives sur les relations entre l’Homme et son environnement dans les forêts humides d’Afrique centrale à l’Holocène récent
Authors: Morin-Rivat Julie
Published: March 2018

Traditionnellement, les études paléoécologiques menées en Afrique centrale ont documenté l’évolution de la végétation, en particulier le rôle du climat dans le façonnage des paysages forestiers tropicaux. Ces études restent néanmoins peu nombreuses, en raison des conditions d’accès au terrain et de la grande diversité en matière d’espèces végétales. En outre, la relation entre l’homme et son environnement y demeure un champ d’investigation relativement récent. Conduite dans une optique pluridisciplinaire, entre archéologie et écologie, cette thèse s’intéresse aux activités humaines passées dans le nord du bassin du Congo et à leur impact sur les forêts telles que nous les voyons aujourd’hui. L’analyse du cadre spatio-temporel des activités anthropiques dans l’Intervalle de la Sangha montre l’ampleur du manque de connaissances sur cette présence humaine. Elle souligne également l’absence d’occupations humaines entre ~1300 et 600 BP dans la zone d’étude. Une méthodologie est donc proposée pour combler ces lacunes, basée sur l’acquisition et l’analyse statistique des restes botaniques carbonisés trouvés dans les sols. Les résultats montrent une opposition spatiale entre espaces domestiques et agricoles. La combinaison d’endocarpes de palmier à huile carbonisés et de tessons de céramique indiquerait la présence de villages, tandis que la présence de charbons de bois supposerait davantage l’existence de champs. Par ailleurs, le rassemblement et l’analyse d’importants jeux de données (i. e. paléoécologiques, archéologiques, historiques et dendrologiques), centrés sur l’Intervalle de la Sangha et couvrant le dernier millénaire, soulignent l’effet des changements d’usage des terres sur la régénération de quatre populations d’arbres héliophiles actuellement exploités pour leur bois (Erythrophleum suaveolens, Pericopsis elata, Terminalia superba et Triplochiton scleroxylon). Les résultats mettent particulièrement en exergue le rôle de la colonisation européenne à partir de la deuxième moitié du 19e siècle dans ces changements, et le déficit de régénération de ces populations d’héliophiles depuis cette période. Ainsi, ce travail souligne l’importance de la chronologie, de l’identification des activités humaines passées au sein des forêts denses humides et de l’impact de l’histoire humaine récente sur les paysages forestiers d’Afrique centrale. Enfin, nous identifions plusieurs lacunes et proposons des pistes de recherche, notamment en direction des gestionnaires forestiers.
BİR ÖĞRETİM MATERYALİ OLARAK ZİHİN HARİTALARININ DİN KÜLTÜRÜ VE AHLAK BİLGİSİ DERSİNDE KULLANIMI
Authors: Türkyılmaz Hilmi
Published: March 2018

Öğretim

materyalleri, öğrenme-öğretme sürecinin en önemli unsurlarından birisidir. Bu

süreçte temel amaç, bireyin daha yakınından daha somut olandan başka bir ifade

ile daha iyi bilinenden hareket ederek öğrenmeyi daha kolay ve daha verimli

hale getirmektir. Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi (DKAB) öğretiminde bu amacı

sağlayacak birçok öğretim materyali bulunmaktadır. Bu materyallerden birisi de

zihin haritalardır.

İlgili

literatür tarandığında Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi alanında zihin haritaları

tekniği ile yapılan çalışmaların sayısının sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Onun için bu çalışmada, Din Kültürü

ve Ahlak Bilgisi öğretimi için uygun bir materyal olduğu düşünülen zihin

haritalarının tanıtımı yapılmış, eğitim-öğretimde hangi amaç ve işlevleri

yerine getirdiği, avantaj ve sınırlılıkları tartışılmıştır. Bunun yanında konu

ile ilgili diğer alanlarda yapılmış çalışmalar ele alınmış ve DKAB dersinde

kullanımının örnekleri verilmiştir. Sonuçta Din kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi

öğretimi için etkili bir materyal olduğu düşüncesine ulaşılmıştır. 
Dalla Politica di Aristotele all''averroismo politico'. Una vicenda paradossale // From Aristotle's Politics to 'Political Averroism'. A Curious Story
Authors: PIAIA Gregorio
Published: March 2018

A partire dal primo Novecento si è diffuso il concetto di ‘averroismo politico’, con riferimento soprattutto a Dante Alighieri e a Marsilio da Padova. Di questo concetto, che presenta forti motivazioni di ordine teorico e ideologico, viene qui ricostruita la genesi più remota, che si può ricondurre essenzialmente a due elementi: il ruolo centrale occupato dalla riflessione politica in seguito alla Rivoluzione francese e l’assunzione di Averroè a figura-simbolo, anticipatrice del razionalismo moderno. // From the early twentieth century onwards, the concept of ‘political Averroism’ has become widespread, especially with reference to Dante Alighieri and to Marsilius of Padua. It is our intention here to establish and delineate the remotest origin of this concept, which can be fundamentally traced back to two elements: the central role accorded to political reflection as a consequence of the French Revolution, and the adoption of Averroes as a symbol and figure anticipating modern rationalism.
Francesco Santi, Vol. V: La Mistica. Angela da Foligno e Raimondo Lullo, in La Letteratura Francescana, a cura di Claudio Leonardi con la collaborazione di Daniele Solvi, Milano: Fondazione Lorenzo Valla–Mondadori, 2016, LII + 452 pp., ISBN 9788804657910
Authors: USCATESCU BARRÓN Jorge
Published: March 2018

Review: Francesco Santi, Vol. V: La Mistica. Angela da Foligno e Raimondo Lullo, in La Letteratura Francescana, a cura di Claudio Leonardi con la collaborazione di Daniele Solvi, Milano: Fondazione Lorenzo Valla–Mondadori, 2016, LII + 452 pp., ISBN 9788804657910
Claire Clivaz, Paul Dilley and David Hamidović, Ancient Worlds in Digital Culture, (Digital Biblical Studies, 1), Brill: Leiden–Boston, 2016, X + 259 pp., ISBN 9789004322479 (Pbk) – 9789004325234 (Ebk)
Authors: RODRIGUEZ María Luisa
Published: March 2018

Review: Claire Clivaz, Paul Dilley and David Hamidović, Ancient Worlds in Digital Culture, (Digital Biblical Studies, 1), Brill: Leiden–Boston, 2016, X + 259 pp., ISBN 9789004322479 (Pbk) – 9789004325234 (Ebk)
Złośliwy obrzęk mózgu leczony kompleksowo i skutecznie – opis dwóch przypadków
Authors: Kojder Klaudyna , Limanówka Bartosz
Published: March 2018

ABSTRAKTWstęp: Złośliwy udar niedokrwienny to gwałtownie postępujący obrzęk mózgu w następstwie udaru, który najczęściej związany jest ze złym rokowaniem.Opis przypadków: Przedstawiono 2 opisy przypadków chorych w wieku 27 i 64 lat leczonych skutecznie z powodu złośliwego udaru niedokrwiennego mózgu wywołanego odmiennymi przyczynami pierwotnymi. Pacjenci poddani zostali kompleksowemu leczeniu, w tym: kraniektomii odbarczającej oraz działaniom z zakresu intensywnej terapii. Wyniki leczenia różniły się u obu chorych w zakresie czasu przeżycia, jednakże w momencie zakończenia leczenia obaj pacjenci pozostawali przytomni, w kontakcie gestowym.Wnioski: Niezależnie od etiologii złośliwego obrzęku mózgu leczenie powinno być indywidualizowane i opierać się na współpracy wielospecjalistycznych zespołów. Omówione zostały metody lecznicze stosowane w leczeniu złośliwego udaru mózgu.
Czynniki wpływające na urazowość narządu ruchu na podstawie danych zebranych od pacjentów zaopatrywanych ambulatoryjnie na Szpitalnym Oddziale Ratunkowym Samodzielnego Publicznego Szpitala Klinicznego nr 1 i hospitalizowanych w Klinice Ortopedii Pomorskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Szczecinie – badanie prospektywne
Authors: Pytlak Mateusz
Published: March 2018

ABSTRAKTWstęp: Część czynników wpływających na urazowość jest powszechnie znana, np. występowanie zawrotów głowy predysponuje do upadków, a one zwiększają prawdopodobieństwo urazów. Wpływ alkoholu na urazowość jest również potwierdzony przez liczne badania naukowe. Inne zaś czynniki są różnie oceniane przez naukowców. Taka wątpliwość istnieje w stosunku do otyłości.Celem pracy było określenie wpływu różnych czynników na urazowość.Materiały i metody: Grupę badaną stanowiło 800 pacjentów zaopatrywanych na Szpitalnym Oddziale Ratunkowym oraz hospitalizowanych na Oddziale Ortopedii Traumatologii i Onkologii Narządu Ruchu Samodzielnego Publicznego Szpitala Klinicznego nr 1 Pomorskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Szczecinie. Pacjenci zostali poddani badaniu sondażem diagnostycznym metodą ankiety.Wyniki: W badanej grupie stłuczeń częściej doznawały kobiety. W trakcie opadów śniegu w badanej grupie kobiety częściej doznawały urazów niż mężczyźni. Mężczyźni częściej niż kobiety doznawali urazów w pracy, częściej też doznawali urazu tułowia. Osoby młodsze w chwili wypadku były częściej przemęczone niż osoby starsze. Osoby śpiące dłużej miały więcej złamań niż śpiące krócej.Wnioski: 1. Najbardziej narażone na uraz były kobiety w wieku od 46 lat z nadciśnieniem tętniczym. Wśród mężczyzn najbardziej narażone były osoby do 30. r.ż., pracujące. 2. Najczęściej urazów doznały osoby w związku małżeńskim, posiadające 2 dzieci, mieszkające w dużym mieście >200 000 mieszkańców, mające dochód 1000–2000 zł na członka rodziny, z wykształceniem wyższym lub zawodowym, niepracujące. 3. Czynniki zewnętrzne, np. pogoda, miały największy wpływ na występowanie urazów w trakcie wypadków komunikacyjnych.
The Impact of Gas-Assisted Gravity Drainage on Operating Pressure in a Miscible CO2 Flood
Authors: Adel Imad A. , Zhang Fan , Bhatnagar Nicole , Schechter David S.
Published: March 2018

We investigated the combined contributions of gravity drainage and miscibility as recovery mechanisms during CO2 flooding. The effects of gravity stable and unstable CO2 fronts under immiscible, near miscible and miscible displacements of crude oil by CO2 are presented. We contrast our results in porous media, with slim tube experiments, core floods, and bead packed tubes.

Standard slim-tube, vertically and horizontally oriented bead packed tubes, as well as vertical and horizontal reservoir core flood experiments, were used to investigate the role of the gravitational forces in improving oil recovery under different conditions regarding the crude oil – CO2 miscibility. Three crude oils with different minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) values were used in this study.

Our results show the gravity drainage mechanism has a much greater significance than previously thought when compared to the effects of phase behavior or the miscibility alone. Not surprisingly, vertically stable, downward displacement resulted in better performance compared to horizontal displacement in all cores and bead packed tubes in our experiments. Recovery is only slightly higher in the gravity stable floods when miscibility is achieved. However, in immiscible and near miscible displacements, recovery is significantly higher in the gravity stable floods, reaching up to 90% RF at 250 psi below the MMP value, compared to only 33% in horizontal floods. Our results suggest that achieving miscibility is not necessary to obtain high recovery efficiency during a gravity-stable displacement. Breakthrough is reached faster in horizontal floods as a consequence of fingering and gravity override.

This work challenges the paradigm that miscibility is required to achieve high recovery factors during CO2 flooding, and highlights the overlooked role of gravity drainage as a displacement mechanism. This finding has an essential impact on field operations as it allows for lower operating pressures in CO2 flooding processes under stable gravity displacement that will result in positive impact on economics. The relevance of our results is exacerbated by the current low crude oil price environment.
ASP Experiments in Indiana Limestone using NaOH to Reduce Surfactant Retention
Authors: Maubert M. , Jith Liyanage P. , Pope G. , Upamali N. , Chang L. , Ren G. , Mateen K. , Ma K. , Bourdarot G. , Morel D.
Published: March 2018

Alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) coreflood experiments using Indiana limestone were conducted to test the effectiveness of sodium hydroxide in reducing surfactant retention on limestones. Low concentrations of sodium hydroxide of only about 0.3 wt% increase the pH to about 12.6. The high pH reduces the adsorption of anionic surfactants by changing the surface charge of the limestone from positive to negative as well as having other favorable geochemical effects. Sodium carbonate could not be used in these experiments to increase the pH because the Indiana Limestone rock contained gypsum, which causes calcium carbonate to precipitate when it dissolves. Another advantage of sodium hydroxide is that much lower concentrations are needed compared to sodium carbonate because of its lower molecular weight. No adverse reactions between the sodium hydroxide and limestone were observed and the propagation of the pH in the corefloods was observed to be extremely favorable. The tertiary oil recovery was high and the surfactant retention using sodium hydroxide was low compared to experiments without alkali and compared to typical retention values reported in the literature for carbonates.
Extension of HLD-NAC Flash Calculation Algorithm to Multicomponent Mixtures of Microemulsion and Excess Phases
Authors: Khorsandi Saeid , Johns Russell T.
Published: March 2018

Current HLD-NAC theory and most simulators represent multicomponent mixtures with three lumped components, where the excess phases are also assumed pure. This can cause significant errors, and discontinuities in chemical flooding simulation for surfactant mixtures. We coupled the HLD-NAC and pseudo-phase models to develop an EOS for microemulsions where surfactant, polymer, alcohol, alkali and monovalent/divalent ions can partition differently into the excess phases and microemulsion phase as temperature and pressure are changed.

We develop a pseudo-phase model to calculate partitioning of components between lumped components or namely pseudo-phases. The pseudo-phase model is based on a transformed composition space. The partitioning model is based on different mechanisms such as cation exchange like reactions for ions and surfactant hydration properties. Next, the three-pseudo-component HLD-NAC EOS is used to calculate curvature of the interface and microemulsion phase composition based on pseudo-phases. That is, the microemulsion phase consists of a curved ruled surface between water and oil pseudo-phases. Polymer partitioning is updated based on micelle radius. Finally, the phase compositions are converted back from pseudo-phase space to the original composition space.

This model is the first comprehensive and mechanistic flash calculation algorithm based on HLD-NAC and pseudo-phase theory to calculate microemulsion properties for mixtures without the assumption of pure excess phases. This algorithm allows for modeling of the chromatographic separation of surfactant, soap, alcohol, alkali and polymer components in chemical flooding processes. Current microemulsion models usually ignore the differing partitioning of components between excess and microemulsion phases, generating discontinuities that slow computational time and adversely impact accuracy.
Nanoparticle-Enhanced Surfactant Floods to Unlock Heavy Oil
Authors: Arab Danial , Kantzas Apostolos , Bryant Steven L.
Published: March 2018

Thermal and solvent-based EOR methods are not applicable in many of thin post-CHOPS heavy oil reservoirs in Western Canada. Alkaline-surfactant flooding has been suggested as an alternative to develop these reservoirs. The main mechanism behind these processes has been attributed to emulsion-assisted conformance control due to the effect of synthetic and/or natural surfactants. Because nanoparticles (NPs) offer some advantages in emulsion stabilization, here we combine surface-modified silica NPs and anionic surfactants to enhance the efficiency of heavy oil chemical floods.

Based on the results of bulk fluid screening experiments, in the absence of surface-modified silica NP surfactant concentration should be tuned at the CMC (between 1 and 1.5 wt. %) to achieve the highest amount of emulsion. These emulsions are much less viscous than the originating heavy oil. However, at surfactant concentrations far from the CMC, complete phase separation occurs 24 hours after preparation. In the presence of surface-modified silica NP this emulsification was achieved at much lower surfactant concentration. The mixture of 0.1 wt. % anionic surfactant and 2 wt. % surface-modified silica NP produce a homogeneous emulsion of heavy oil in an aqueous phase. This observation was not observed when aqueous phase contains only either 0.1 wt. % anionic surfactant or 2 wt. % silica NP.

Preliminary tertiary chemical floods with water containing 0.1 wt. % surfactant and 2 wt. % surface-modified silica NP yielded an incremental oil recovery of 48 % OOIP, which is remarkably higher than that of either surfactant or NP floods with incremental recoveries of 16 and 36 % OOIP, respectively. Tertiary recovery efficiency, defined as ratio of incremental recovery factor to maximum pressure gradient during the tertiary flood, is six times greater for the surfactant/NP mixture than for the surfactant-only flood. This enhancement in recovery efficiency is of great interest for field applications where high EOR and large injectivity are desired.
A Multi-Well ASP Pilot in San Francisco: Design, Results and Challenges
Authors: Dueñas D. , Jimenez J. A. , Zapata J. F. , Bertel C. , Leon J. M.
Published: March 2018

A tertiary alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) multi-well pilot flood was carried out in the San Francisco field, Colombia. The pilot had mixed results, as the positive subsurface response was counterbalanced by serious operational issues, that in the end did not allowed the pilot to realize its full potential. The complexity of the flow paths in a multi-sand reservoir with irregular well spacing lead to large quantities of chemicals being recirculated, which trigger the operational issues, becoming a complex loop where these issues led to closing wells, which led to changing the flow paths and generating more operational issues. The paper presents the design of the pilot, the extensive work that was carried out to understand and improve the flow in the pilot area, the response of the pilot, the challenges that were faced during its operation, and the analysis and lessons learned from this pilot.
Conditioning Polymer Solutions for Injection into Tight Reservoir Rocks
Authors: Driver Jonathan W. , Britton Chris , Hernandez Richard , Glushko Danylo , Pope Gary A. , Delshad Mojdeh
Published: March 2018

Water soluble polymers have been used for decades as mobility control agents for tertiary recovery processes. Viscosity is conferred by the large hydrated size of the individual high molecular weight polymer molecules; their single-molecule hydrated size is so large that it can rival the diameters of the pore throats conducting the fluid, and it is widely understood that there are permeability limits below which solutions of such polymers cannot transport well. Delineating exactly where these limits are remains challenging, and operators are left to use whatever anecdotal evidence is available to decide whether to inject polymer, and, if so, what type and molecular weight to use. A rule of thumb is that when the permeability of a rock falls below 100 millidarcys, transport can be problematic.

We have developed processing techniques for laboratory tests to condition polymer solutions for injection into reservoir carbonate cores with permeabilities below 10 millidarcys and median pore radii below one micron. Shearing and tight filtration were used to reduce the maximum size of polymers in solution while retaining as much viscosity as possible. Subsequent filtration was used to quantitatively assess the plugging behavior of the product solution across a range of pore sizes smaller than those which conduct in the rock sample. Coreflood injectivity tests revealed the onset of face plugging as a function of average polymer size. Co-solvent was shown to dramatically improve the transport of sulfonated polyacrylamides when face plugging did not occur, and those improvements were mirrored in benchtop filtration data. This improvement came despite equal-or-better viscosity in the polymer solution, demonstrating that the co-solvent did not reduce the polymer's hydrated size and therefore most likely weakens inter-molecular associations in solution. In sum, the data indicate that permeability loss occurred by two mechanisms: simple mechanical plugging and progressive adsorption, likely mediated by inter-molecular entanglements. These two permeability reduction mechanisms should be rectified by different means.
Alkaline Surfactant Polymer ASP Process for Shaley Formation with Pyrite
Authors: Ding L. , Zhai X. , Puerto M. C. , Miller C. A. , Hirasaki G. J.
Published: March 2018

The ASP process may still be promising for surfactant flooding of shaley formations that have high surfactant adsorption with conventional surfactant-polymer flooding. Positive sites on clays are sites where anionic surfactant adsorption occurs in conventional surfactant flooding. High pH of alkali converts positive clay sites to negative sites. In addition, sodium carbonate sequesters calcium ions due to the small solubility product of calcium carbonate. If the formation has pyrite or siderite present, the core material in the laboratory environment will likely have a coating of ferric oxide that contributes to the anionic surfactant adsorption sites. Thus the test core should be restored to reducing conditions to better represent in situ conditions.

The ASP process has two sources of surface active materials. One is injected synthetic surfactant and the other is soap generated in-situ by reaction of alkali with naphthenic acids in crude oil. However, this adds to the complexity of the process because the optimal salinity becomes a function of both the concentration of injected surfactant and in-situ generated soap. Water soluble active soap number (WSASN) is used instead of total acid number (TAN) to estimate the optimal salinity. When WSASN rather than TAN is used to estimate the soap content, the logarithm of the optimal salinity is a linear function of the soap fraction. In this presentation, we demonstrate the technology to estimate the optimal salinity of soap/surfactant mixtures and use it to develop formulations with great potential to recover oil for a weakly consolidated sandstone reservoir.

The potential of incremental oil recovery by the ASP formulation is evaluated by ASP flooding tests on both quartz sand packs and formation material. The ASP formulation recovered more than 95% of the water flooded residual oil using a 0.5 PV slug of either 0.3% or 0.5% NI blend surfactant. The sodium carbonate concentration was 1.0% and the polymer concentration was 0.3%. Moreover, it is found from simulation results that the development of soap/surfactant gradient in ASP flooding ensures the process passing through the optimal condition, where minimum IFT and low residual oil saturation will be attained.