bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The heat treatment effects on the microstructure, hardness, and sigma phase content of L-PBF SAE 316L stainless steel
Authors: Costa Jose M. , Monteiro Beatriz S. , Rocha Francisca A. , Cunha Mariana S. , Vieira Manuel F. , Sequeiros Elsa W.
Published: May 2024

This research aims to enhance the understanding of the interrelationships among the manufacturing process, microstructure, and mechanical properties in the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) of SAE 316L stainless steel (SS), which can lead to the appearance of undesirable phases, like sigma (σ). As part of this investigation, as-built samples underwent solubilization heat treatment (HT), primarily targeting the dissolution of the σ phase and microstructure homogenization, with a subsequent assessment of its impact on hardness. The study reveals the efficacy of HT in reducing σ phase content, particularly following treatments at 950°C and 1,050°C for 2 h. Notably, the dissolution of the process-induced microstructure becomes progressively significant within the temperature range of 800–950°C for 2 h. Furthermore, the study identifies a hardening effect associated with the process-induced microstructure on the samples. Remarkably, the sample exhibiting the highest hardness value featured a substantial σ phase content and maintained the process-induced structure after HT.
Síntesis de carbones activados con semillas de chirimoya y su aplicación en la adsorción de colorantes textiles
Authors:   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México, Peláez Cid Alejandra Alicia , López Hernández Diana Laura ,   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México, Gómez Merino Esmeralda ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, México, Herrera González Ana María ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, México
Published: May 2024

En este trabajo se describe la preparación de cinco carbones activados a partir de un residuo vegetal, la semilla de chirimoya (Annona cherimola). Todos los carbones fueron activados químicamente con H3PO4, tres de ellos se calcinaron a 673 K (CarChiQ, CarChiQC y CarChiQE) y los otros dos a 873 K (CarChiQC600 y CarChiQE600) por tres horas. Los carbones fueron caracterizados por adsorción de nitrógeno, número de azul de metileno, densidad aparente, microscopía electrónica de barrido y espectroscopía infrarroja. Además, se determinó el punto de carga cero que indicó el carácter ácido de todos los carbones. Se siguió la cinética de adsorción con el colorante azul de metileno, lo que permitió establecer el tiempo de contacto entre las soluciones de colorante y los carbones. La cinética de adsorción para los carbones se ajustó al modelo de pseudo segundo orden. Se estudió la adsorción de soluciones acuosas de colorantes textiles de tipo ácido y básico con una concentración inicial de 300 mg/dm3. Los colorantes básicos se adsorbieron en CarChiQ entre 82 y 99.9 %, en CarChiQE entre 65 y 92 % y en CarChiQC, CarChiQC600 y CarChiQE600 prácticamente se adsorbieron 100 %. El colorante ácido se adsorbió en menor proporción sobre los carbones, con excepción de CarChiQC600 y CarChiQE600 con adsorción total. Se trató un agua residual conteniendo colorantes textiles, la calidad de ésta mejoró después del tratamiento de adsorción, reduciéndose la demanda química de oxígeno hasta 76 % y el color hasta 98 %.
Superlattice Delineated Fermi Surface Nesting and Electron-Phonon Coupling in CaC6
Authors: Wang Bruce , Bianconi Antonio , Mackinnon Ian D. R. , Alarco Jose A.
Published: May 2024

The superconductivity of CaC6 as a function of pressure and of abundant Ca isotopes is revisited using DFT calculations on a 2c – double hexagonal superlattice. The introduction of superlattices is motivated by previous synchrotron absorption and Raman spectroscopy results on other superconductors that show evidence of superlattice vibrations at low (THz) frequencies. A 2c superlattice for CaC6 is illustrative of atomic orbital symmetry and periodicity, including bonding and antibonding s-orbital character implied by cosine modulated electronic bands. Inspection of the cosine band reveals that the cosine function has a small (meV) energy difference between bonding and antibonding regions relative to a midpoint non-bonding energy. Fermi surface nesting is apparent in an appropriately folded Fermi surface using a superlattice construct. Nesting relationships identify phonon vectors for conservation of energy and for phase coherency between coupled electrons at opposite sides of the Fermi surface. Detailed analysis of this Fermi surface nesting provides accurate estimates of the superconducting gaps for CaC6 with change in applied pressure. Recognition of superlattices within a rhombohedral or hexagonal representation provides consistent mechanistic insight on superconductivity and electron−phonon coupling in CaC6.
Chelating Gels in Root Canal Preparation: A Survey of the Membership of the Australian Society of Endodontology
Authors: Wright Patricia P. , Diamond Elise S. , Peters Ove A.
Published: May 2024

Chelating gels may assist initially in root canal preparations to help establish a glide path. While irrigation surveys have investigated liquid chelators, and gels to a minor extent, no endodontic survey has focused on EDTA gels, and why clinicians use them. All 395 members of the Australian Society of Endodontology (ASE) were emailed an 11-question survey concerning chelation gel usage via Qualtrics. Paper copies were also distributed at ASE events. Descriptive statistics was performed for practitioner and chelating gel data. Cross-tabulations of practitioner type with case percentage usage of gels were analyzed with the chi square test (adjusted P value <0.0083). The overall response rate was 181/395 (46%). For 174 eligible responses, those who never/rarely used a gel was: endodontic residents 12/14 (86%), endodontists 53/71 (75%), general dentists 39/86 (45%), and other members 0% (0/3). Most gel users said that gels helped establish a glide path. Those who never/rarely used chelating gels commented that they held no benefits over liquid EDTA. Endodontists were less likely to use a chelation gel than general dentists (P <0.0083). Older members had higher gel usage than younger members (P <0.0083), indicating a possible trend to diminished gel usage over time amongst ASE members.
The Role of Ranolazine in the Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardia and Atrial Fibrillation:
A Narrative Review of the Clinical Evidence
Authors: Murai Kyosuke , Vasigh Amir , Alexy Tamás , Tóth Kálmán , Czopf László
Published: May 2024

Cardiac arrhythmias are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While antiarrhythmic drugs traditionally represent the first-line management strategy, their use is often limited by profound proarrhythmic effects. Several studies, including randomized control trials (RCTs), have demonstrated the antiarrhythmic efficacy of ranolazine, registered as an antianginal agent while also establishing its safety profile. This review compiles clinical evidence investigating the antiarrhythmic properties of ranolazine, focusing primarily on ventricular tachycardia (VT) and atrial fibrillation (AF), as common rhythm abnormalities with serious complications. Data from RCTs indicate that ranolazine reduces VT incidence, although this effect is not universal. Therefore, we attempt to better describe the patient population that gains the most benefit from ranolazine by VT suppression. Additionally, ranolazine is known to enhance the conversion rate of AF to sinus rhythm when combined with other antiarrhythmic drugs such as amiodarone, highlighting its synergistic effect in the atrium without provoking ventricular dysrhythmias. Despite the heterogeneity in currently available data, ranolazine appears to be an effective and safe option for the management of various arrhythmias.
Improving Pepper Inbreds for Resistance to Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Thailand Virus (PepYLCTHV) through Challenged Inoculations
Authors: Kumsee Nattika , Suwor Patcharaporn , Teerarak Montinee , Tsai Wen-Shi , Techawongstien Suchila , Tainta Tanyarat , Kumar Sanjeet , Jeeatid Nakarin , Chatchawankanphanich Orawan , Kramchote Somsak
Published: May 2024

Chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are economically important crop worldwide. Pepper yellow leaf cure Thailand virus (PepYLCTHV), a Begomovirus causing yellow leaf mosaic disease of chili pepper has been reported to damage 95% economic loss under favorable epidemic conditions. Thirty-one chili genotypes were screened for resistance to PepYLCTHV disease through challenge inoculation using 10-15 viruliferous whiteflies per plant. We purified two resistant lines (PEP6 and PEP12) through four generations of selfing and selection through challenged inoculations. At the 28 days after inoculations two chili genotypes showed symptoms less based on disease severity and percentage of disease incidence of 30 plants PEP6 showed a disease severity 3.64 with 69.33 % DI and PEP12 showed a disease severity 3.83 with 77.67 % DI. PEP6 and PEP12 were selected for pure-line development for four cycles.Both varieties showed an increase in percentage of the resistant plant 12.78 % and 16.77 %, respectively. These lines have potential for release as resistant lines for improvement chili pepper resistance to PepYLCTHV and for developing maker associated with the resistant trait.
A Chimeric Vaccine Based on a Single Fusion Protein (W-PreS-O) Combining RBDs from Wuhan hu-1 Wild Type and Omicron Shows Protective Effect against Omicron Infection in Syrian Hamsters
Authors: Gattinger Pia , Kozlovskaya Liubov I. , Lunin Aleksandr , Gancharova Olga S. , Sirazova Dina I. , Apolokhov Vasiliy , Chekina Egor S. , Gordeychuk Ilya , Karaulov Alexander , Valenta Rudolf , Ishmukhametov Aydar
Published: May 2024

Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants have dominated the strains of COVID-19 circulating worldwide for the last two years. Although the mortality rate of the COVID-19 Omicron variants is only approximately half that of previous variants, vaccines effective against Omicron are needed. Demonstrating that a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine can protect against Omicron in an in vivo infection model, particularly in that of Syrian hamsters, is important for the preclinical characterization of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Here, we report on the evaluation of W-PreS-O for its ability to protect Syrian hamsters against infection by Omicron. W-PreS-O is a chimeric vaccine based on a single fusion protein (W-PreS-O), combining RBDs from Wuhan hu-1 wild-type and Omicron adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide. The Syrian hamsters were immunized three times at three-week intervals with W-PreS-O or with aluminum hydroxide (placebo), and then they were infected with Omicron BA.1. Non-infected and non-vaccinated animals served as controls. Neutralizing antibody (nAB) titers, weight, lung symptoms (i.e., edema and pneumonia index), and viral loads, as measured using RT-PCR in the upper and lower respiratory tracts, were determined. In addition, infectious virus titers from the lungs were measured using a plaque-forming assay. W-PreS-O-vaccinated hamsters developed robust nABs against Omicron, showed almost no development of pneumonia, and had significantly reduced infectious virus titers in the lungs. Importantly, the viral loads in the nasal cavities of W-PreS-O-vaccinated hamsters were close to or above the PCR cycle threshold considered to be non-infectious. Our data provide compelling evidence demonstrating that the W-PreS-O vaccine has protective effect against Omicron in a Syrian hamster in vivo infection model. W-PreS-O is therefore a highly promising candidate vaccine for Omicron infections, and it should be further evaluated in clinical studies.
Major and Trace Elements in Soils from an Industrial Area in the Lower Danube Basin: Levels, Transfer to Crops (Wheat, Corn, Sunflower) and Health Risk
Authors: Ene Antoaneta , Moraru Sorina Simona , Moraru Dana Iulia , Pantelica Ana , Gosav Steluta , Alina-Mihaela Ceoromila
Published: May 2024

The study aimed to evaluate for the first time the degree of contamination of soil and crops with major and trace elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, F, Na, Mg, Si, P, Cl, Fe, Al) in agricultural lands situated in the Lower Danube Basin, Galati and Braila counties (SE Romania), impacted by the steel industry. Soil samples from two depths (0–5 cm and 5–30 cm), as well as leaves and seeds of wheat, corn, and sunflower, were collected from 11 different sites. Along with elemental and mineralogical analysis, performed by HR-CS AAS, PIGE, SEM-EDX and ATR-FTIR, the soil pH, texture, organic matter, electric conductivity and CaCO3 content were investigated. The results showed that the levels of Cr (83.270–383.100 mg kg-1), Cu (17.110–68.151 mg kg-1), Ni (30.157–55.656 mg kg-1), and F (319–544 mg kg-1) in soil exceeded the Romanian regulations for sensitive use of the land. The pollution indices (Igeo, EF, PI, PERI) indicate that the soil is moderate to highly contaminated with Cr, Ni and Cu, while CSI and mERMQ indices suggested a relatively low risk for metal contamination. The concentrations of elements in plant tissues and bioaccumulation factors (BFs) show the soil-plant relation and health risk, but also the elemental selectivity of vegetal compartments. Thus, the results showed that wheat plants tend to exclude the bioaccumulation of certain elements in their tissues, while for Zn and Cu, the bioaccumulation pattern is different. In the case of corn, most BFs were below 1, indicating limited phytoaccumulation capacity. However, exceptions were observed for Cd, Zn, and Cu. Sunflower BFs indicate higher bioconcentration of Cu, Cd, and Zn in both the leaves and seeds compared to other elements. Chromium (Cr) contributes to non-carcinogenic dermal contact and ingestion hazards, with children being more susceptible to the adverse effects of this contaminant.
The Evolution of Meteorological Satellite Cloud Detection Methodologies
Authors: Romano Filomena , Cimini Domenico , Di Paola Francesco , Gallucci Donatello , Larosa Salvatore , Nilo Saverio Teodosio , Ricciardelli Elisabetta , Iisager Barbara D , Hutchison Keith
Published: May 2024

The accurate detection of clouds is an important first-step in the processing of remotely sensed satellite data analyses and subsequent cloud model predictions. While initial cloud retrieval technology began with the exploitation of one or two bands of satellite imagery, it has accelerated rapidly in recent years as sensor and retrieval technology have exploded, creating a new era in space exploration. Additionally, initial emphasis in satellite retrieval technology focused on cloud detection for cloud forecast models, more recently cloud screening in satellite acquired data is playing an increasingly critical role in the investigation of cloud free data for the retrieval of soil moisture, vegetation cover, ocean colour concentration and sea surface temperatures, as well as environmental monitoring of a host of products, e.g. atmospheric aerosol data, to study the Earth’s atmospheric and climatic systems. With about 60% of the Earth covered by clouds, on average, it is necessary to both accurately detect clouds in remote sensing data to screen cloud contaminate data in remote sensing analyses. In this paper, the evolution of cloud detection technology is highlighted with advancement in sensor hardware technology and possible AI algorithmic advances. Additionally, a discussion is presented on methods to obtain the cloud truth data needed to determine the accuracy of these cloud detection approaches.
Energy Literacy and Justice: The Path to Inclusivity
Authors: Awolesi Oluwafemi , Salter Corinne A. , Reams Margaret
Published: May 2024

This study explores the crucial roles of energy literacy, transition, and justice in addressing the global climate crisis. Through a systematic bibliometric survey and thematic analysis of existing literature, we identify a scarcity in research (<0.1%, n = 17,773) concurrently integrating the three crucial terms: energy literacy; energy transition; and energy justice. This study emphasizes the importance of energy literacy in empowering societies to make informed decisions, which is essential for facilitating equitable energy transitions and achieving sustainability goals. We delve into the interconnections between energy literacy and energy justice, proposing the integration of these concepts into educational systems, including social media platforms to foster an understanding of energy systems, their environmental impacts, and socio-economic implications. Emphasizing the strategic use of social media, the study also introduces the ‘COMPEL Justice’ framework—Communities Prepared for Energy Literacy and Justice—which aims to enhance public engagement and participation in energy transition initiatives. By analyzing publications from various academic and governmental sources, we provide insights into the challenges and opportunities that lie in promoting energy literacy and justice, particularly in the context of global efforts to mitigate climate change and enhance energy equity. Finally, exemplary application and implications associated with the adoption of the proposed framework within the context of oil-producing regions (e.g., Louisiana in the United States) are presented.
Novel Aspects in the Voltametric Determination of Heavy Metals: A Minireview
Authors: Chatziathanasiou Efthymia , Girousi Stella
Published: May 2024

Heavy metals represent a class of chemical elements that includes metalloids, bases and transition metals, lanthanides and actinides. They are distinguished for their toxicity in small concentrations and for their negative effects on the environment and human health. They are present in various samples, mainly in water, industrial waste and food. The determination of heavy metals is carried out mainly by analytical methods, using spectroscopy, spectrometry and electroanalysis, while studies are being carried out for the development of new and faster methodologies and techniques for their analysis, with particular emphasis on voltammetry. This review deals with the determination of heavy metals mainly in environmental samples (water) using voltammetry. In particular, the methods of their determination are evaluated in terms of sensitivity, selectivity and applicability.
Diverse Strategies for Modulating Insulin Resistance: Causal or Consequential Inference on Metabolic Parameters in Treatment-Naïve Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kutoh Eiji , Kuto Alexandra N. , Okada Rumiko , Akiyama Midori , Kurihara Rumi
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study is to investigate how different therapies modulating insulin resistance, either causally or consequently, affect metabolic parameters in treatment-naive subjects with T2DM. A total of 212 subjects were assigned to receive either a tight Japanese diet (n=65), pioglitazone at doses ranging from 15-30 mg/day (n=70), or canagliflozin at doses ranging from 50-100 mg/day (n=77) for a duration of three months. Correlations and changes (Δ) in metabolic parameters relative to insulin resistance were investigated. Across these distinct therapeutic interventions, ΔHOMA-R exhibited significant correlations with ΔFBG and ΔHOMA-B, while demonstrating a negative correlation with baseline HOMA-R. However, other parameters such as ΔHbA1c, ΔBMI, ΔTC, ΔTG, Δnon-HDL-C, or ΔUA displayed varying patterns depending on the treatment regimens. Participants were stratified into two groups based on the median value of ΔHOMA-R: the lower half (X) and upper half (Y). Group X consistently demonstrated more pronounced reductions in FBG compared to Group Y across all treatments, while other parameters including HbA1c, HOMA-B, TC, TG, HDL-C, non-HDL-C, TG/HDL-C ratio, or UA exhibited distinct regulatory responses depending on the treatment administered These findings suggest that 1) regression to the mean is observed in the changes of insulin resistance across these therapies. 2) modulation of insulin resistance with these therapies, either causally or consequentially, results in differential effects on glycemic parameters, beta-cell function, specific lipids, body weight or UA.
Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Application for Candida auris Outbreak Typing in a Referral Intensive Care Unit: Phylogenetic Analysis and Clustering Cut-Off Definition
Authors: Curtoni Antonio , Pastrone Lisa , Cordovana Miriam , Bondi Alessandro , Piccinini Giorgia , Genco Mattia , Bottino Paolo , Polizzi Carlotta , Cavallo Lorenza , Mandras Narcisa , Corcione Silvia , Montrucchio Giorgia , Brazzi Luca , Costa Cristina
Published: May 2024

Recently Candida auris has emerged as a multi-resistant fungal pathogen, with a significant clinical impact, and has become a critical issue in WHO fungal priority list, due to its unique ability to persist for long time on human skin and hospital environments. It is therefore fundamental to reinforce hospital surveillance protocols to limit nosocomial outbreaks.
The study purpose was the Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) application to investigate the phylogenetic relationships between isolated strains within the C. auris outbreak at the university Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary University hospital in Turin (Italy). In order to calculate a clustering cut-off, intra- and inter-isolates distance values were analysed. Data showed the presence of a major cluster Alfa and a minor cluster Beta with a defined C. auris clustering cut-off. The results were validated by an external C. auris strain and Principal Component and Linear Discriminant Analysis.
The application of FT-IR technology had allowed to obtain important information about the phylogenetic relationships between the analysed strains, defining for the first time a “not WGS-based” clustering cut-off with a statistical-mathematical approach. FT-IR could represent a valid alternative to molecular methods for rapid and cost saving typing of C. auris strains with important clinical implications.
NodeFlow: Towards End-to-end Flexible Probabilistic Regression on Tabular Data
Authors: Wielopolski Patryk , Furman Oleksii , Zięba Maciej
Published: May 2024

We introduce NodeFlow, a flexible framework for probabilistic regression on tabular data that combines Neural Oblivious Decision Ensemble (NODE) and Conditional Continuous Normalizing Flows (CNF). It offers improved modeling capabilities for arbitrary probabilistic distributions, addressing the limitations of traditional parametric approaches. In NodeFlow, the NODE captures complex relationships in tabular data through a tree-like structure, while the conditional CNF utilizes the NODE’s output space as a conditioning factor. The training process of NodeFlow employs standard gradient-based learning, facilitating end-to-end optimization of the NODEs and CNF-based density estimation. This approach ensures outstanding performance, ease of implementation, and scalability, making NodeFlow an appealing choice for practitioners and researchers. Comprehensive assessments on benchmark datasets underscore NodeFlow’s efficacy, revealing its achievement of state-of-the-art outcomes in multivariate probabilistic regression setup and its strong performance in univariate regression tasks. Furthermore, ablation studies are conducted to justify the design choices of NodeFlow. In conclusion, NodeFlow’s end-to-end training process and strong performance make it a compelling solution for practitioners and researchers. Additionally, it opens new avenues for research and application in the field of probabilistic regression on tabular data.
Microflow Injection System for Efficient Cu(II) Detection Across a Broad Range
Authors: Ricart David , Dorado Antonio David , Lao-Luque Conxita , Baeza Mireia
Published: May 2024

In this study, a modular multi-step photometric microflow injection analysis (micro-FIA) system for the automatic determination of Cu(II) in a bioreactor has been developed. The system incorporates diverse 3D-printed modules, including a platform formed by a mixer module to mix Cu(II) with hydroxylamine which reduces Cu(II) to Cu(I) linked to a diluter module via a Tesla valve, a chelation mixer module, a disperser module, and a detector module provided by a LED light source at λ= 455 nm and a light dependence resistor (LDR) as a light intensity detector. The system measures the color intensity resulting from the chelation between Cu(I) and neocuproine. The micro-FIA system has demonstrated good capability for automatic and continuous Cu(II) determination, in a wide range of Cu concentrations from 34 to 2000 mg L-1. The device exhibits a good repeatability (coefficient of variation below 2% across the concentration range), good reproducibility, and has an accuracy of around 100% between 600 to 1900 mg·L-1. Real samples were analyzed using both the micro-FIA system and an atomic absorption spectroscopy method, revealing no statistically significant differences. Additionally, a Tesla valve located before the detector substituted a 3-way solenoid valve, eliminating the need for moving parts.
Improving Measurement Accuracy of Sound Pressure in Vibrating Machines Using a Doosan Robot
Authors: Triki Oussema , Cherif Pr. Raef
Published: May 2024

Measuring sound pressure is a complex and tedious task in industrial environments. Classical methods can be costly, inaccurate, and potentially dangerous for workers. Integrating robotics and computer vision into acoustic measurement processes offers an innovative solution to these problems. This paper uses a Doosan Robotic Vision System to investigate an innovative automatic acoustic sound pressure measurement solution. The Doosan robot, equipped with a scanning camera and microphone, captures acoustic data and produces a map of the machine’s acoustic radiation using computer vision algorithms. The measurement technique is accurate, efficient, and safe for workers. It can also be used for continuous monitoring of the industrial acoustic environment. The developed measurement method offers a promising way to automate acoustic measurement, which can be performed faster and with better accuracy to help industries improve their product sound quality and reduce noise levels. The method was compared to analytical predictions. A 3D acoustic mapping was conducted to visualize the spatial distribution of sound sources within the environment. The experimental results show a good correlation with the theory.
Immune Disorders Connecting Type2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Complications
Authors: LIU YUNMENG
Published: May 2024

Type2 diabetes(T2D) is a pervasive modern disease, classified as a metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and life-long threatening cardiovascular morbidities. Subclinical inflammation stands as the primary pathogenetic factor propelling T2D progression, correlated with heightened levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Immune cells serve as the prominent sources of cytokine production, and under diabetic conditions, they tend toward a proinflammatory phenotype, fostering chronic inflammation. This review zeroes in on the disrupted homeostasis characteristic of diabetic conditions, encompassing cytokines, hormones, and their interplay with altered immune function, all contributing to the onset of diabetic cardiovascular complications.
Pore Structure Characterization and Fractal Characteristics of Tight Limestone Based on Low Temperature Nitrogen Adsorption and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Lin Wei , Zhao Xinli , Li Mingtao , Zhuang Yan
Published: May 2024

Pore structure characterization and fractal analysis have great significance for understanding and evaluating tight limestone reservoirs. In this work, the pore structure of tight limestone is characterized combined with low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (LTNA) and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the fractal dimension of tight limestone pore structure is discussed based on LTNA and NMR data. The results indicate that the pores of tight limestone have H3 and H4 types, the pore size distribution (PSD) of H3 type is a wave distribution ranging from 2 to 10 nm, and the PSD of H4 type is a unimodal distribution ranging from 2 to 10 nm. The transverse relaxation time (T2) spectrum of tight limestone shows single peak (DF), double peak (SF) and three peak (TF), and the T2 spectrums for micropores, mesopores and macropores range from 0.1 to 10 ms, from 10 to 100 ms, and greater than 100 ms, respectively. The LTNA fractal dimension of tight limestone (DL) ranges between 2.4446 and 2.7688, with an average of 2.5729, and the NMR fractal dimensions of micropores (DNMR1), mesopores (DNMR2) and macropores (DNMR3) are distributed between 0.3744 to 1.1293, 2.4263 to 2.9395 and 2.6582 to 2.9989, respectively. Moreover, there is no correlation between fractal dimension and permeability and porosity, a negative correlation between DL and average pore radius, a positive correlation between DL and specific surface area, and a positive correlation between DNMR2 and DNMR3 and micropore content, while DNMR2 and DNMR3 are negatively correlated with the content of mesopores and macropores.
Improving Photovoltaic Power Prediction: Insights through Computational Modeling and Feature Selection
Authors: Amiri Ahmed Faris , Chouder Aissa , Oudira Houcine , Silvestre Santiago , Kichou Sofiane
Published: May 2024

This work focuses on identifying the most effective machine learning techniques and supervised learning models to precisely estimate power output from Photovoltaic (PV) plants. The performance of various regression models is analyzed by harnessing experimental data, including Random Forest, Support Vector Regression (SVR), Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP), Linear Regressor (LR), Gradient Boosting, and k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). The methodology applied starts with meticulous data preprocessing steps aimed at ensuring dataset integrity. Following the preprocessing phase, which entails eliminating missing values and outliers using Isolation Feature selection based on a correlation threshold, is performed to identify relevant parameters for accurate prediction in PV systems. Subsequently, Isolation Forest is employed for outlier detection, followed by model training and evaluation using key performance metrics such as Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Normalized Root Mean Squared Error (NRMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and R-squared (R2). Among the array of models evaluated, Random Forest emerges as the top performer, highlighting promising results with an RMSE of 19.413, NRMSE of 0.048% and an R2 score of 0.968. Furthermore, the best-performing model is integrated into a MATLAB application for real-time predictions, thereby enhancing usability and accessibility for a wide range of applications in renewable energy.
The Tectonic Framework of Parecis Basin. Insights from a Multiphysics Interpretation Workflow
Authors: Loureiro Elaine , Menezes Paulo , Zalan Pedro , Heilbron Monica
Published: May 2024

The Parecis Basin is one of the largest intracratonic basins in Brazil. Despite its considerable size, the basin has yet to be extensively explored, with only five wildcat wells drilled for hydrocarbons. So far, no commercial discoveries have been announced. Regional studies have suggested Paleozoic sedimentation, while recent studies indicate a Neoproterozoic fill. However, no tectonic model accurately describes the basin’s development, and no detailed structural map for the entire basin has been published. The present work presents a new detailed structural map of the Parecis Basin based on a four-step interpretation workflow integrating seismic and gravimetric data. The first step includes converting the public 2D seismic lines to the depth domain. The second step is estimating the residual Bouguer anomaly, where the computed residual anomalies should relate to the basin’s tectonic features. The third step comprises the 2D forward modeling of the gravimetric anomalies using the 2D seismic interpretation as a constraint. The final step compiled all the interpreted features into our new structural map. This map reveals the top of the basement, forming a complex framework of horsts and grabens. Normal faults define the main structural style in the basin. Further, we could recognize thick, high-density bodies embedded in the crystalline basement. These bodies consist of Orosian-Calimian (1.8-1.6 Ga) mafic and ultramafic rocks, which may be a potential source for hydrogen exploration in the basin. Subsequent geophysical and geochemical surveys will assess the hydrogen potential in the area.
Optimization of Enzymatic Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Olea Europaea Leaves
Authors: Vardakas Alexios , Kechagias Achilleas , Penoy Nikolay , Giannakas Aris E.
Published: May 2024

Nowadays circular economy trend drives researchers in the recovery of various bioactive compounds from agri-food by-products. Enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) is shown as an innovative green technology for the effective extraction of various phytochemicals from agri-food section by-products, therefore this study aimed to evaluate the application of EAE as green technology to obtain extracts from olive leaves (Olea europaea) for potential industrial production. EAE was conducted under various enzyme dose combinations, and incubation time (120 min). Obtained extracts were characterized in terms of total polyphenols (TP) and Total Antioxidant Activity (AA). Firstly, the enzyme synergistic effect in enzymatic extraction of polyphenols was evaluated. TP optimal extraction conditions (468.19 mg GAE/L) were achieved after EAE (50-50%) and for AA (69.85 AA%). According to the above results, a second experimental part occurred for the incubation time (min.) and enzyme dose (mL) of optimal extraction conditions of olive leaves. Results indicated EAE as an excellent choice for green extraction of polyphenols from the olive leaves.
Tsallis Q-statistics Fingerprints in Precipitation Data Across Sicily
Authors: Pecorino Vera , Pluchino Alessandro , Rapisarda Andrea
Published: May 2024

Precipitation patterns are critical for understanding the hydrological and climatological dynamics of any region. Sicily, the largest island of the Mediterranean sea, with its diverse topography and climatic conditions, serves as an ideal case study for analyzing precipitation data to gain insights into regional water resources, agricultural productivity, and climate change impacts. This paper employs advanced statistical physics methods, particularly Tsallis q-statistics, to analyze sub-hourly precipitation data from 2002 to 2023, provided by the Sicilian Agrometeorological Informative System (SIAS). We investigate several critical variables related to rainfall events, including duration, depth, maximum record, and inter-event time. The study spans two decades (2002-2012 and 2013-2023), analyzing the distributions of relevant variables. Additionally, we examine the simple returns of these variables to identify significant temporal changes, fitting these returns with q-Gaussian distributions. Our findings reveal the scale-invariant nature of precipitation events, the presence of long-range interactions and memory effects, characteristic of complex environmental processes.
Integrated Application of Innovative Technologies for Oil Spill Remediation in Gran Tarajal Harbor: A Scientific Approach
Authors: Cisneros-Aguirre Jesús , Afonso-Correa María
Published: May 2024

This study examines the recovery efforts at Gran Tarajal Harbor following a significant oil spill, employing innovative technologies. Initial response efforts were hampered by inadequate contingency plans and bureaucratic delays, underscoring the need for improved preparedness. Cleanup operations utilized advanced methods such as enhanced absorbent sponges, absorbent granulates, bioremediation with allochthonous species, and a combination of barriers and sponges. These technologies proved effective in minimizing environmental impact, reducing hydrocarbon concentrations in sediments from nearly 60,000 mg/kg to less than 1,600 mg/kg in seven months. Heavy metal analysis revealed lead and copper concentrations associated as well as with routine port activities, while mercury levels linked to the spill decreased over time. Tissue analysis indicated minimal contamination in local organisms, suggesting limited impact from the spill, and evaluation of the biological communities in sediments suggest an ecological recovery. Study underscores the importance of rapid response, advanced technologies, and detailed contingency plans tailored to each port. Despite the successful cleanup and ecosystem recovery, political and bureaucratic challenges remain significant obstacles to implementing these improved methods. The findings advocate for a re-evaluation of current oil spill response protocols to incorporate more effective, sustainable, and cost-efficient technologies, aligning with the principles of a circular economy.
Computational Thinking and Scientific Modules: Effectiveness on Students' Cognitive Learning Outcomes and Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Safitri Silvia Yuni , Suharno Suharno , Fauzi Ahmad
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the research is to find out whether or not 1) there were different effects using learning modules with Computational Thinking (CT) and scientific approaches, 2) different effects on students’ critical thinking ability in the high and low categories, 3) interaction between the effects using learning modules with CT and scientific approaches in the level of students’ critical thinking ability on cognitive learning outcomes in temperature and heat subject. This research method was quasi-experimental with a quantitative approach. The design used a non-equivalent post-test-only control group design and a 2x2 factorial design pattern.  The population was students of XI MIPA SMA Negeri 1 Kartasura in the academic year of 2021/2022. The sample was chosen using a cluster random sampling technique. Two classes were used as the samples: 36 students of XI MIPA 2 as the first experiment class and 36 students of XI MIPA 4 as the second experiment class—the data collecting technique used documentation, test, and questionnaire techniques. Data were analyzed using non-parametric test statistics, and the method was the Mann-Whitney test. The conclusions of the research results are: 1) there are no effects of using learning modules with CT and scientific approaches on cognitive learning outcomes, 2) there are no effects on student’s critical thinking ability in the high and low categories towards cognitive learning outcomes, 3) there is no interaction between the effects of using learning modules and students’ critical thinking ability on cognitive learning outcomes in temperature and heat subject. This study shows the effectiveness of applying learning modules with CT and scientific approaches to students' critical thinking skills on cognitive learning outcomes on Temperature and Heat material.
Thomas Hobbes ve Uluslararası İlişkiler: Realizm ile Rasyonalizm Arasındaki Leviathan
Authors: Avcı Yasin
Published: May 2024

Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışmada modern siyaset felsefesinin önemli figürlerinden olan Hobbes’un Uluslararası İlişkiler (Uİ) nezdindeki teorik konumlanması irdelenmiştir.
Tasarım/Yöntem: Çalışmada Hobbes’un siyaset felsefesi, ortaya çıktığı sosyo-politik şartlar bağlamında incelenmiş ve böylece varsayımlarının mutlaklaştırılmasının önüne geçilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bununla birlikte Hobbes’un Uİ nezdinde üzerinde en çok durulan Leviathan başlıklı çalışmasının yanı sıra Behemoth başlıklı çalışması da irdelenmiş ve bu yolla siyaset felsefesi eklektik değil bütüncül bir şekilde ele alınmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmada ulaşılan sonuç Hobbes’un ortaya koyduğu siyaset felsefesinin Uİ teorileri nezdinde yalnızca realizmle ilişkili olmadığı yer yer rasyonalizmi de içerdiğidir. Bununla birlikte Hobbes’un siyaset felsefesi ile Uİ pratiği arasındaki uyum 21. yüzyıl özelinde ve büyük ölçüde devam etmektedir.
Sınırlılıklar: Hobbes’un siyaset felsefesinin Uİ teorileri bakımından yeri, Martin Wight’ın realizm, rasyonalizm ve devrimcilik şeklindeki geleneksel Uİ teorileri ayrımı bakımından irdelenmiştir.

Özgünlük/Değer: Hobbes Uİ’de genellikle realizm geleneğiyle ilişkilendirilmektedir. Nitekim Hobbes’un insan doğasına yönelik kötücül bakış açısı, çatışmalı doğa durumu kurgusu ve güvenlik vurgusu Hobbes’un Uİ’de realizmin felsefi öncüllerinden sayılmasını beraberinde getirmiştir. Yine Hobbes ortaya koyduğu devlet teorisinin rasyonel içeriği ve bir toplumsal sözleşmeci olması sebebiyle diğer sosyal bilim alanlarında liberal bir teorisyen olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çelişkili durum göz önüne alındığında herhangi bir siyaset felsefecisini Uİ nezdinde belirli bir teorik kategori içine peşinen hapsetmenin geçersizliği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Dolayısıyla çalışma kapsamında Hobbes herhangi bir teorik çerçeve içine hapsedilmeden incelenmiştir.
A preliminary study of thyroid hormones and thyroid ultrasonographic images in normal Chinese rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Zhu Gaohong , Deng YUN , Feng Jiaojiao , Li Yijiang , Chen Lilin , Su Yulin , Ping An , Wang Jiao , Xie Fei , Lv Longbao
Published: May 2024

Objective: Our study aims to explore the relations among thyroid morphology and hormones and sex, age in rhesus monkeys, so to establish a range of reference values for serological testing of thyroid hormones and thyroid ultrasonography in Chinese rhesus monkeys. Furthermore, we analyze the common diseases and incidences of abnormal thyroid morphology in these monkeys.
Methods: 1027 rhesus healthy monkeys were divided into infant, juvenile, adolescent, adult, middle-aged, and elderly groups based on their age. The thyroid hormones (TT3, TT4, FT3, FT4, TSH, A-TG, ATPO, TG) levels of each rhesus monkey were measured. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed and thyroid size, morphology, internal echogenicity, borders, presence of nodules were measured. Comparisons between groups were made by ANOVA, and comparisons within groups were made by T-test; Pearson's analysis was used to test the correlation between the two variables. We considered that α=0.05, and P<0.05 was statistically significant.
Results: The thyroid hormones tests found that there are differences in TT4, FT4, FT3, A-TG, A-TPO, and TG in different age groups (p<0.05). The differences in their FT4, FT3, A-TG, and TG were statistically significant in different genders (p<0.05), too. Thyroid ultrasound measurement of thyroid size revealed statistically significant (p<0.05) differences in their weight and thyroid LAPD, LLD, RAPD, RTD, RLD by age. There are also statistically significant (p<0.05) differences in their weight and thyroid LAPD, LLD, RLD by gender. In thyroid ultrasonography, about 14.12% of monkeys were found to have abnormal thyroid echoes, of which 71.72% were described as uneven echoes, 16.55% as grid-like changes in thyroid echoes, and 11.72% as thyroid nodules. Normal thyroid echogenicity was associated with age, body weight, TT4, TT3, FT4, FT3, and statistically significant difference (p<0.05); the rest of the group comparisons were not statistically significant (p>0.05).TT4 vs. FT4, TT3 vs. FT3, ATG vs. ATPO, body weight vs. LLD, body weight vs. RLD, LLD vs. RLD, LAPD and RAPD, and RAPD and RLD were positively correlated (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Our study provided a reference basis for quantitative analysis of thyroid hormones and morphology in monkeys through serological testing of thyroid hormones and thyroid ultrasonography. In this way, we initially established reference intervals for various hormonal indicators of thyroid hormones in Chinese rhesus monkeys of different ages and sexes, as well as reference intervals for the size of thyroid morphology by diameter under ultrasonography for different ages and sexes. We explored the types of abnormalities and prevalence of abnormalities of thyroid morphology in Chinese rhesus monkeys. The results provide basic information for scientific experimental studies on the thyroid gland of Chinese rhesus monkeys.
Fly Ash Harmless Disposal and Resource Utilization Technology Evaluation Method Research – a Case Study of an Innovative Fly Ash Treatment Technology
Authors: Pan Shuping , Hu Zunying , Liu Jingsong , Jiang Caiping , Xu Shun`an
Published: May 2024

The rapid urbanization in China has led to a significant increase in the generation of fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration. This has made the safe and harmless disposal of fly ash a major challenge for the waste-to-energy industry's sustainable development. The current environmental verification system lacks a complete quantitative system that integrates various evaluation indicators for solid waste resource recovery technology. Thus, there is an urgent need to expedite research on environmental technology verification (ETV) and establish an objective, fair, and scientific system for verifying and evaluating fly ash harmless disposal and resource utilization technology. In this study, an evaluation system was constructed consisting of 12 indexes from three aspects: technical characteristics, technical quality, and technical value, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The evaluation results were classified into three levels: recommended, suggested for improvement and optimization, and not recommended. Consequently, a comprehensive ETV system was developed. The case analysis confirmed the scientific validity and feasibility of the constructed verification system. It demonstrated that the developed verification evaluation method for the harmless disposal and resource utilization technology of fly ash can objectively and effectively evaluate the progress and applicability of the technology. Additionally, valuable suggestions for improving the technical performance were provided. Furthermore, this study provided a scientific and reliable evaluation system for fly ash harmless disposal and resource utilization technology, which is also adapted for solid waste treatment technology because of non-specific methods and concepts, and laid technical guidance for the government in studying and issuing related regulations.
C5 Palsy after Cervical Disc Arthroplasty: Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Carballo Cesar , Flores Gabriel , Baerga Nicolas , Alikhani Puya , Hayman Erik , Greenberg Mark
Published: May 2024

CDA has become an alternative for the treatment of cervical spondylosis with radicular or myelopathic symptoms, however there is limited literature regarding its complications and outcomes. We present two cases of C5 nerve palsy (C5P) following cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA).
Lymph node metastasis patterns and prognosis of early gastric cancer
Authors: Ma Wenqian , Ding Ping’an , Yang Peigang , Wu Haotian , Li Tongkun , Wu Jiaxiang , Yang Jiaxuan , Guo Honghai , Tian Yuan , Guo Shuo , Wang Gongning , Wang Hongcai , Wang Qi , Er Limian , Zhao Qun
Published: May 2024

Background
Currently, numerous studies focus on the analysis of risk factors for lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer, but few studies analyze the drainage patterns of metastatic lymph nodes.
Methods
Data was retrospectively analyzed from a database of gastric cancer resections from 2014–2018. The cohort included 786 pT1 patients with complete data. Outcomes evaluated were lymph node metastasis frequencies, survival analyses, and risk factors impacting prognosis.
Results
The overall lymph node metastasis rate was 23.7%. The 5-year overall survival rate (54.8% vs 95.7%; P < 0.001) and disease-free survival rate (48.4% vs 95.7%; P < 0.001) of patients with node-positive disease were significantly worse than those of patients with node-negative disease. Multivariable Cox regression identified tumor size > 2 cm (P = 0.007, < 0.001), poor differentiation (P = 0.007, < 0.001), T1b stage (all P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (all P < 0.001), and vascular invasion (all P = 0.002, 0.016) as independent negative prognostic factors affecting 5-year OS and DFS in patients with early gastric cancer. Postoperative chemotherapy (P < 0.001, 0.019)was an independent positive prognostic factor.
Conclusion
This real-world observational study demonstrates that lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer is widely and disorderly not depending on the location. Therefore, systematic lymph node dissection is necessary to cure early gastric cancer. Meanwhile its prognosis is closely related to lymph node metastasis.