bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Znanstvenici o reformama znanosti iz 2013.
Authors: Švarc Jadranka , Čengić Drago , Poljanec-Borić Saša , Lažnjak Jasminka
Published: May 2019

Vlada Republike Hrvatske provela je 2013. godine niz reformi znanstvenoistraživačkog sustava s ciljem povećanja njegove izvrsnosti i međunarodne konkurentnosti. Želeći analizirati dosege spomenutih reformi, 2017. godine provedeno je istraživanje o tome kako znanstvenici, nakon četiri godine rada u novom sustavu, percipiraju promjene u strukturi znanstvenoistraživačkog rada. Empirijsko istraživanje provedeno je dvoetapno, kvalitativnom i kvantitativnom metodom, na namjernom kvotnom uzorku prema znanstvenim disciplinama, institucijama i zvanjima. Rezultati pokazuju da su reforme dovele do određenih organizacijskih unapređenja te do uvođenja veće kompetitivnosti u istraživačkoj zajednici, ali da su istovremeno proizvele i niz neželjenih posljedica, ugrozivši među ostalim materijalnu osnovu znanstvenog rada te transparentnost i javnost djelovanja znanstvenog sustava. Zbog toga je opravdano postaviti pitanje: je li potreban novi zaokret u hrvatskoj znanstvenoj politici.
“Unutarnja” kriza pravosuđa? Stavovi pripadnika pravničkih profesija o pravosuđu u Hrvatskoj i Srbiji
Authors: Mrakovčić Marko , Vuković Danilo
Published: May 2019

U radu se analizira koliko pripadnici različitih pravničkih profesija u Hrvatskoj i Srbiji imaju povjerenja u institucije pravosudnih sustava i koliko su zadovoljni funkcioniranjem njihovih važnih dijelova. U prvom dijelu rada predstavljaju se argumenti kulturalističkog i institucionalnog pristupa u objašnjenju temelja povjerenja u institucije, određuju se karakteristike “dobrog” pravosuđa u kontekstu koncepta demokratske vladavine prava i daje se društveni kontekst provedbe pravosudnih reformi u obje zemlje u posljednjih dvadesetak godina. U drugom, empirijskom dijelu rada daje se prikaz rezultata analize podataka prikupljenih online anketnim istraživanjem provedenim 2018. godine u Hrvatskoj i Srbiji. Rezultati u obje zemlje pokazuju i nisku razinu povjerenja u institucije pravosudnog sustava i duboko nezadovoljstvo općim stanjem u pravosuđu i funkcioniranjem njegovih važnih dijelova. Pokazujući povezanost između (ne)povjerenja u institucije i (ne)zadovoljstva njihovim radom, analiza ide u prilog pretpostavkama institucionalne perspektive. Zaključujemo da dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na “unutarnju” krizu povjerenja u pravosuđu u obje zemlje koja prati evidentnu “izvanjsku” krizu srpskog pravosuđa i latentne napetosti u i oko hrvatskog pravosuđa.
Medijatizacija i društvena promjena
Authors: Peruško Zrinjka
Published: May 2019

Članak analizira medijatizaciju kao empirijski proces i novi teorijski pristup. Raspravlja se razlika između pojmova medijacije i medijatizacije te drugi novi koncepti koje uvodi taj teorijski pristup u analizi interakcije medija i društvenih promjena. U članku se prezentiraju tri glavne perspektive u teoriji medijatizacije i najvažniji autori te prethodnici u komunikacijskoj i medijskoj teoriji i široj društveno-znanstvenoj (uglavnom sociološkoj) teoriji na kojima se istraživanja dinamike i posljedica medijatizacije danas temelje. Kulturna, materijalna i institucionalna perspektiva medijatizacije (posljednja uključuje i medijatizaciju politike) analiziraju se u odnosu na razumijevanje povijesnog perioda u kojem se odvija medijatizacija, komunikacijskih medija, širih teorijskih gabarita i rezultata empirijskih istraživanja. Zaključno se razmatra recepcija pristupa u Hrvatskoj u svjetlu napredovanja medijatizacijskih promjena iz makro perspektive medijskog sustava i iz mikro perspektive informativnih navika medijskih publika.
Vertex Domination in Fuzzy Graphs
Authors: Nikfar Mohammadesmail
Published: May 2019

We introduce a new variation on the domination theme which we call vertex domination as reducing waste of time in transportation planning and optimization of transport routes. We determine the vertex domination number $\gamma_v$ for several classes of fuzzy graphs. The bounds is obtained for it. In fuzzy graphs, monotone decreasing property and monotone increasing property are introduced. We prove both of the vizing's conjecture and the Grarier-Khelladi's conjecture are monotone decreasing fuzzy graph property for vertex domination. We obtain Nordhaus-Gaddum (NG) type results for these parameters. The relationship between several classes of operations on fuzzy graphs with the vertex domination number of them is studied. Finally, we discuss about vertex dominating set of a fuzzy tree by using the bridges and $\alpha$-strong edges equivalence.
Bioimpedance and Bone Fracture Detection: A State of the Art
Authors: Dell'Osa Antonio , Simini Franco , Felice Jose C.
Published: May 2019

Bioimpedance measurements are used increasingly in health applications because bioelectric parameters have been associated with anatomical and physiological properties, thus enabling to distinguish medical conditions. For bone fracture diagnostics, nevertheless, there is no established non-invasive method. Ex vivo studies and In vivo bioimpedance procedures, both invasive and non-invasive, on mammalians long bones are associated with promising results. In this work, out of a total of 568 papers, we reviewd 59 articles that mention long bone integrity by electric properties, be it Bioimpedance Analysis, Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy or Electrical Impedance Tomography. The papers are described in three sections, “Ex vivo measurements”, “In vivo invasive measurements” and “In vivo non-invasive measurements”. This review allows to establish the basics to planning the development of new technology to detect bone fracture via bioimpedance measurements.
Analysis, Optimization, and Characterization of Magnetic Photonic Crystal Structures and Thin-film Material Layers
Authors: Vasiliev Mikhail , Alameh Kamal , Nur E Alam Mohammad
Published: May 2019

MPC (Magneto-Photonic Crystal) Optimisation is a feature-rich Windows software application designed to enable researchers to analyze the optical and magneto-optical spectral properties of multilayers containing gyrotropic constituents. A set of computational algorithms aimed at enabling the design optimization and optical or magneto-optical (MO) spectral analysis of 1D magnetic photonic crystals (MPC) is reported, together with its Windows software implementation. Relevant material property datasets (e.g., the optical spectra of refractive index, absorption, and gyration) of several important optical and MO materials are included, enabling easy reproduction of the previously published results from the field of MPC-based Faraday rotator development, and an effective demonstration-quality introduction of future users to the multiple features of this package. We also report on the methods and algorithms used to obtain the absorption coefficient spectral  dispersion datasets for new materials, for which the film thickness, transmission spectrum, and refractive index dispersion function are known.
Deep Transfer Learning for Few-shot SAR Image Classification
Authors: Rostami Mohammad , Kolouri Soheil , Eaton Eric , Kim Kyungnam
Published: May 2019

Reemergence of deep Neural Networks (CNNs) has lead to high-performance supervised learning algorithms for the Electro-Optical (EO) domain classification and detection problems. This success is possible because generating huge labeled datasets has become possible using modern crowdsourcing labeling platforms such as Amazon Mechanical Turk that recruit ordinary people to label data. Unlike the EO domain, labeling the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) domain data can be a lot more challenging and for various reasons using crowdsourcing platforms is not feasible for labeling the SAR domain data. As a result, training deep networks using supervised learning is more challenging in the SAR domain. In the paper,we present a new framework to train a deep neural network for classifying Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images by eliminating the need for huge labeled dataset. Our idea is based on transferring knowledge from a related EO domain problem, where labeled data is easy to obtain. We transfer knowledge from the EO domain through learning a shared invariant cross-domain embedding space that is also discriminative for classification. To this end, we train two deep encoders that are coupled through their last year to map data points from the EO and the SAR domains to the shared embedding space such that the distance between the distributions of the two domains is minimized in the latent embedding space. We use the Sliced Wasserstein Distance (SWD) to measure and minimize the distance between these two distributions and use a limited number of SAR label data points to match the distributions class-conditionally. As a result of this training procedure, a classifier trained from the embedding space to the label space using mostly the EO data would generalize well on the SAR domain. We provide theoretical analysis to demonstrate why our approach is effective and validate our algorithm on the problem of ship classification in the SAR domain by comparing against several other learning competing approaches.
Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer-Induced Sleep Disruption
Authors: Walker II William H. , Borniger Jeremy C.
Published: May 2019

Sleep is essential for health. Indeed, poor sleep is consistently linked to the development of systemic disease, including depression, metabolic syndrome, and cognitive impairments. Further evidence has accumulated suggesting a role for sleep in cancer initiation and progression (primarily breast cancer). Indeed, patients with cancer and cancer survivors frequently experience poor sleep, manifested as insomnia, circadian misalignment, hypersomnia, somnolence syndrome, hot flushes, and nightmares. These problems are associated with a reduction in patients’ quality of life and increased mortality. Due to the heterogeneity among cancers, treatment regimens, patient populations, and lifestyle factors, the etiology of cancer-induced sleep disruption is largely unknown. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the pathways linking cancer and the brain and how this leads to altered sleep patterns. We describe a conceptual framework where tumors disrupt normal homeostatic processes, resulting in aberrant changes in physiology and behavior that are detrimental to health. Finally, we discuss how this knowledge can be leveraged to develop novel therapeutic approaches for cancer-associated sleep disruption, with special emphasis on host-tumor interactions.
Sensitivity Study of ANFIS Model Parameters to Predict the Pressure Gradient with Combined Input and Outputs Hydrodynamics Parameters in the Bubble Column Reactor
Authors: Mosavi Amir , Shamshirband Shahab , Chau Kwok-wing
Published: May 2019

Intelligent algorithms are recently used in the optimization process in chemical engineering and application of multiphase flows such as bubbling flow. This overview of modeling can be a great replacement with complex numerical methods or very time-consuming and disruptive measurement experimental process. In this study, we develop the ANFIS method for mapping inputs and outputs together and understand the behavior of the fluid flow from other output parameters of the bubble column reactor. Four inputs such as x coordinate, y coordinate, z coordinate, and air superficial velocity and one output such as pressure gradient are considered in the learning process of the ANFIS method. During the learning process, the different number of the membership function, type of membership functions and the number of inputs are examined to achieve the intelligent algorithm with high accuracy. The results show that as the number of inputs increases the accuracy of the ANFIS method rises up to  almost for all cases, while the increment in the number of rules has a effect on the intelligence of artificial algorithm. This finding shows that the density of neural objects or higher input parameters enables the moded for better understanding. We also proposed a new evaluation of data in the bubble column reactor by mapping inputs and outputs and shuffle all parameters together to understand the behaviour of the multiphase flow as a function of either inputs or outputs.
Review of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing for 3D Metal Printing
Authors: Li Johnnieew Zhong , Alkahari Mohd Rizal , Rosli Nor Ana Binti , Hasan Rafidah , Sudin Mohd Nizam , Ramli Faiz Redza ,   Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, Melaka 76100, Malaysia,   Center of Advanced Research on Energy, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
Published: May 2019

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a crucial technique in the fabrication of 3D metallic structures. It is increasingly being used worldwide to reduce costs and time. Generally, AM technology is used to overcome the limitations of traditional subtractive manufacturing (SM) for fabricating large-scale components with lower buy-to-fly ratios. There are three heat sources commonly used in WAAM: metal inert gas welding (MIG), tungsten inert gas welding (TIG), and plasma arc welding (PAW). MIG is easier and more convenient than TIG and PAW because it uses a continuous wire spool with the welding torch. Unlike MIG, tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) and plasma arc welding (PAW) need an external wire feed machine to supply the additive materials. WAAM is gaining popularity in the fabrication of 3D metal components, but the process is hard to control due to its inherent residual stress and distortion, which are generated by the high thermal input from its heat sources. Distortion and residual stress are always a challenge for WAAM because they can affect the component’s geometric accuracy and drastically degrade the mechanical properties of the components. In this paper, wire-based and wire arc technology processes for 3D metal printing, including their advantages and limitations are reviewed. The optimization parametric study and modification of WAAM to reduce both residual stress and distortion are tabulated, summarized, and discussed.
Shape Contraction in Sintering of 3D Objects Fabricated via Metal Material Extrusion in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Jimbo Koki , Tateno Toshitake ,   Graduate School of Science and Technology, Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan,   Department of Mechanical Engineering Informatics, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
Published: May 2019

Additive manufacturing (AM) using metal materials (metal AM) is useful in the fabrication of metal parts with complex shapes, which are difficult to manufacture via subtractive processing. Metal AM is employed in the manufacture of final products as well as in prototyping. Recently, certain metal-AM machines have been commercialized. Powder-bed fusion and direct energy deposition are the main types of metal AM; they require the use of a high-power laser or electron beam and most of them are highly expensive. On the other hand, AM machines of the material-extrusion (ME) type can fabricate metal parts at a low cost. ME is the method of extruding materials from a nozzle and fabricating thin layers. By mixing a metal filler with a base material, it is possible to impart various mechanical properties to the extruded material, such as electrical or thermal conductivity. If the extruded material is baked in a furnace after fabrication, the object can be sintered. During the sintering process, the fabricated objects always shrink and dimensional errors occur. One of the reasons for the shrinkage is that voids are generated inside the object after the degreasing process and collapse during the sintering process. Because the void is generated as a space by replacing a binder that becomes vaporized during the degreasing process, the shrinkage may be controlled by decreasing the content in polymers. In this study, the effect of the metal filler density on the shrinkage in shape was investigated through experiments using two types of metal ME AM. One type is the fused filament fabrication (FFF), in which a material that consists of a metal filler and fused plastics is extruded; the other type is the ultrasonic vibration-assisted ME (UVAME) device, in which a metal powder suspension with a small amount of thickening polymer is extruded. In the latter method, materials with an extremely high density in metal fillers were used; it was considered that degreasing was not required. Two types of specimens were fabricated using AM devices; they were then degreased and sintered. The resulting shapes of the objects were measured with a 3D scanner and were compared. The experimental results showed that the shrinkage of the material with a high density of metal fillers was less than that of the material with a low density of metal fillers.
Development of Path Generation Method for Five-Axis 3D Printer
Authors: Nishikawa Hikaru ,   Kanazawa Institute of Technology 7-1 Ohgigaoka, Nonoichi 921-8501, Japan, Morimoto Yoshitaka , Hayashi Akio
Published: May 2019

3D printers that use the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method are generally based on a three-linear-axis mechanism. However, because the posture of the workpiece is limited, the shape of the model that can be generated by this type of 3D printer is restricted. The 3D printer makes 3D models by stacking up materials on a plane. Because of this principle, a base to support the laminated material is necessary, and it is impossible to develop a model shape with an overhang without support parts. Although the problem is solved by making a foundation using a support material, it takes time to shape and remove the material. Therefore, this conventional method is time consuming. The purpose of this research is to laminate and make shapes that are difficult to laminate with a three-axis 3D printer without using support material. Therefore, a new five-axis 3D printer was developed with the FDM method, and its control program was designed. In addition, hardware consisting of the mechanical structure and the servo control system was developed, and the laminating path, which can exert the effect of the five-axis mechanism, was calculated. The posture of the workpiece can be controlled by mounting the B-axis, which tilts the lamination table, and the C-axis, which rotates the lamination table added on the three-axis configuration 3D printer. Furthermore, a five-axis synchronization control program was developed to control the motion of the five-axis synchronous motion. Furthermore, to correct the nozzle position due to the posture change of the workpiece, a mathematical model of shape creation theory was applied to derive the offset command value. As a result of the laminating experiments of the overhang shape model, the five-axis mechanism and laminating path were sufficiently effective, and the five-axis synchronous control of the 3D printer demonstrated the creation of the overhang shape. However, in experiments using a conventional three-axis mechanism 3D printer with the same lamination path, resins did not adhere and dripped, making shaping impossible. Because of these results, the machining time of the five-axis controlled 3D printers was shorter than that of conventional three-axis-controlled 3D printers. Here, the basic configurations and control system are reported.
Modeling Approach for Estimation of Contact and Friction Behavior of Rolling Elements in Linear Bearings
Authors: Reuss Matthias , Sakai Taku , Matsubara Atsushi ,   Makino Milling Machine Co., Ltd. 4023 Nakatsu, Aikawa-machi, Aiko-gun, Kanagawa 243-0303, Japan,   Kyoto Works, Mitsubishi Electric, Kyoto, Japan,   Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Published: May 2019

The improvement in the positioning accuracy of machine tools necessitates reliable friction models for compensation. Friction and damping are primarily caused by mechanical contacts, and they have a wide influence on the dynamics of machine tools. Particularly in the linear motor driven axis, linear bearings induce majority of the friction; contact is observed between the ball and raceway in linear bearings. Based on the Hertzian contact theory and a tangential force model, a model is developed for the friction behavior during the contact between the ball and raceway. This model determines the stick and slip areas, and the relative velocity at the contact surface. Hence, the calculation of the friction force, its hysteresis characteristics, and the stick and slip portions becomes possible.
Effective Neighborhood Generation Method in Search Algorithm for Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem
Authors: Ishigaki Aya ,   Tokyo University of Science 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan, Matsui Yuki
Published: May 2019

The flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSSP) is an extension of the classical job shop scheduling problem (JSSP) that allocates jobs to resources while minimizing the maximum completion time of all the jobs. Machine assignment and job sequence are determined in the FJSSP. To efficiently solve the FJSSP, which is a non-deterministic polynomial-time hard problem, a heuristic method must be used. In previous studies, the FJSSP has been solved using neighborhood algorithms that employ various metaheuristic methods. These approaches constrain the neighborhood operation to jobs on a critical path and simultaneously change the machine assignment and job sequence. Branches on the critical path are easily generated in the FJSSP search processes; this branch structure can improve the efficiency of the FJSSP. This study investigates two neighborhood search algorithms used for changing the machine assignment and job sequence via a critical path. The first method changes the machine assignment and job sequence simultaneously, whereas the second method changes them independently. In this study, we propose an efficient neighborhood generating method using a branch block of critical path.
MPCC-Based Set Point Optimisation for Machine Tools
Authors: Haas Titus , Weikert Sascha , Wegener Konrad ,   Institut für Werkzeugmaschinen und Fertigung (IWF), ETH Zürich Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland,   inspire AG, Zürich, Switzerland
Published: May 2019

Numerical control code is typically used for manufacturing a workpiece using machine tools. Most state-of-the-art approaches decouple the set point optimisation into two steps: the geometry and the feed rate optimisation that does not necessarily result in time-optimal set points for the desired geometry. Given the originally programmed geometry through the numerical control code, dynamic constraints of the machine tool, and maximum permissible contour error for the optimisation, a model predictive contouring control based set point optimisation approach is developed to generate time-optimal set points for machine tools globally. A suitable error definition and its linearisation are used whereby the optimisation problem can be represented by a quadratic programming problem with linear constraints. Compared to most state-of-the-art methods, a direct approach is presented and no previous geometry optimisation step is required. Depending on the demands of accuracy, different maximum contour error constraints and penalisation as well as various maximum permissible axis velocities and accelerations are presented and tested on a test bench. The method is shown to be adaptable to different demands on the set points, and the contour errors can be affected by either the constraints or penalising factors.
Students‘ Perspective on Innovative Teaching Model Using Edmodo in Teaching English Phonology: A Virtual Class Development
Authors: Nurhayati Dwi Astuti Wahyu
Published: May 2019

This paper displayed the students’ perspective on innovative teaching model using edmodo in teaching English Phonology as a virtual class development. The data were collected for 6 months starting from compiling proposal in March 2018 to August 2018 in the IAIN Tulungagung campus in the sense of data collection, report preparation, group meetings and most other activities carried out in the Tulungagung and Kediri areas. It involves people who have relevant information about the research theme, they are 46 students from the fourth semester in English majors who answered the pre-observation questionnaire, and post questionnaires but 46 interviewees, consisting of thirty-one women and sixteen men, were interviewed. The data was analysed using a descriptive qualitative approach. The finding revealed that the experienced students of using edmodo affected their readiness to take a part in English Phonology teaching using edmodo as a learning medium. The result of this study proved that the experienced students of using edmodo influences the fluency in learning phonology courses so they found it easier to apply Edmodo, serving as on the advantages (time-effective & efficient, not oblivious about computers, simplifying learning material, interactive, communicative, expressive, reducing cheating task, recognizing class management, creating reading habit) and disadvantages of using edmodo, similarly limited lexical items in content courses; differences in the level of competency, motivation, learning environment and background of previous learning; inadequate internet network; prefer to use gadgets for entertainment communication.
Affecting Factors of Stroke Incidence : A Case Control Study
Authors: Imanda Aulia , Martini Santi , Artanti Kurnia Dwi
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the incidence of stroke including smoking status, past hypertension , past diabetes, diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption. The design of this study is case control with a ratio of 1: 1. The total number of respondents is 132 people. Research subjects were selected using systematic random sampling. This research was conducted at Ngudi Waluyo Hospital in Wlingi. Blitar, Indonesia in October till November 2017. Bivariate analysis showed that factors significantly related to stroke were smoking status (p=0.011, OR=2.6), history of past hypertension (p=0.00, OR= 6), past diabetes  (p=0.015 ; OR=5,7), and unhealthy diet (p= 0,00; OR = 5,7). Multivariate analysis showed that factors that significantly influence stroke are smoking, having hypertension in the past, and unhealthy diet.Conclusion of this study was smoking, having hypertension in the past, and unhealthy diet are factors that influence the incidence of stroke. Maintaining normal blood pressure, maintaining a diet, and not smoking are precautions should be taken in order to prevent stroke.
Risk Factor Analysis of Overnutrition Among Elementary School Children in Pekanbaru: An Urban-rural Perspective
Authors: Arfianti Arfianti
Published: May 2019

The prevalence of childhood overnutrition is increasing  in many parts of the world including Indonesia. National basic health research (RISKESDAS) 2010 showed that over-nutrition in urban children (10.4%) was greater than in rural areas (8.1%). The purpose of this study was to analyse risk factors for overnutrition on elementary students in urban and rural areas in Pekanbaru. This was an observasional analytical study with cross-sectional design. This study involved 137 urban and 113 rural students from six elementary schools in Pekanbaru recruited by quota sampling technique. This study was conducted between April-May 2018. The results showed that the proportions of overweight and obesity in urban Pekanbaru were 16.1% and 16.8% respectively, while in rural areas were 12.4% and 9.7%, respectively. Furthermore, outdoor activity and snacking habit were significant contributors of childhood overnutrition in urban area whereas frequency of main meal was associated with childhood overnutrition in rural area. In conclusion, there was no difference in the incidence of overnutrition among elementary students in urban and rural areas in Pekanbaru. This study indicated that obesity risk factors may be different between urban and rural areas in Pekanbaru.
A pre-post evaluation of an online career planning module on university students’ career adaptability
Authors: Teychenne Megan , Parker Kate , Teychenne Danielle , Sahlqvist Shannon , Macfarlane Susie , Costigan Sarah
Published: May 2019

Indecisiveness and negative thinking regarding career pathways can hinder university students’ career planning, motivation, and mental health. Students intending to enter the workforce after graduation therefore need to develop skills related to career adaptability (i.e. career planning, decision-making, problem solving/confidence and exploration), particularly since career planning and construction is linked to gaining employment. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of an online career planning module on students’ career adaptability.  The career-focussed online module, based on the constructs of Savickas’ (2005) theory of career construction, and tailored to students’ skills and interests, was developed and embedded into the University curriculum of a second-year exercise and public health-related unit. In 2018, 80 students completed the online module, along with pre- and post-intervention questionnaires assessing career adaptability elements including career planning, decision making, problem solving/confidence, and exploration. Dependent t-tests were conducted to assess differences in these measures pre- and post-intervention. Post-intervention, significant increases in career-planning strategies used (t(69)=5.45, p<0.001), career planning concern (t(69)=3.73, p<0.001), decision making (i.e. career path identification) (t(70)=3.86, p<0.001), decision making confidence (t(65)=2.69, p<0.01), and problem solving/confidence (t(65) = 2.16, p=0.03) were observed. Further, 80% of participants identified jobs at post-intervention not previously identified pre-intervention (exploration) and 71% of participants perceived improvements in confidence regarding job ideas/making career choices.  Findings from this research indicated that completing a brief online career education module, tailored to an individual’s skills and interests, improved all dimensions of the participating students’ career adaptability. Further research utilising longer-term follow-up and randomised controlled trial designs are required to confirm the reliability and transferability of the findings.
Beyond employability skills: Developing professional purpose
Authors: Bates Glen , Rixon Andrew , Carbone Angela , Pilgrim Chris
Published: May 2019

Rapid transformation of the workplace and a highly competitive labour market has changed the nature of graduate employability. In addition to discipline related knowledge, students now need to be proactive and adaptable in identifying career opportunities.  This paper presents a conceptual model that views employability as determined by an overarching professional purpose mindset.  This mindset reflects a person’s commitment to developing a professional future aligned to personal values, professional aspirations and societal outlook. Four specific mindsets are encapsulated within professional purpose (curiosity, collaboration, action and growth) and relate to three domains of development (self and social awareness; navigating the world of work and networks). Two studies were conducted to explore the professional purpose model.  Study one was a qualitative study in which 33 undergraduate students (19 female; 14 male) explored their career decision making.  Focus group and interview data showed that each of the four positive mindsets operated in many students’ proactive career related behaviours.  However, for other students, alternative mindsets negatively influenced their career related behaviour.  In the second study, 42 academics (28 male; 14 female)  identified unit learning outcomes in existing curricula related to the three domains of development.  All domains were evident but outcomes for navigating the world of work received most emphasis.  Implications of the findings for further development of the professional purpose model are discussed.
Klebsiella pneumoniae – a useful pathogenic strain for biotechnological purposes: 1,3-propanediol biosynthesis
Authors: MITREA Laura , TRIF Monica , RUSU Alexandru , Vodnar Dan-Cristian
Published: May 2019

Background
Despite being a well-known human pathogen, Klebsiella pneumoniae plays a significant role in the biotechnology field, being considered as a microbial cell factory in terms of valuable chemicals biosynthesis. In fermentation processes, K. pneumoniae is mostly used to biosynthesize 1,3-propanediol (PDO), a very important intermediate compound utilized in the biodegradable bioplastics industry. This strain owns the ability to metabolize glycerol and to produce PDO under both aerobic and anaerobic circumstances, and under low oscillations of pH.
Results
In this work, we investigated the K. pneumoniae strain DSMZ 2026 in batch bioreactor cultivation. The bacterial strain was inoculated in 2 L culture broth containing 43.5 g·L- 1 main substrate and the pH was adjusted at 7 at the beginning of the process. After 12 h of batch cultivation, the pH values decreased to 4.77, and we obtained 51 g·L-1 wet biomass, 17 g·L-1 PDO, while the starting substrate reached 15 g·L- 1. The morphology of K. pneumoniae cells was analyzed on both solid and liquid media, by being identified large mucoid colonies on Columbia agar, and individual and grouped cells were observed by methyl blue staining.
Conclusion
From this study it can be concluded that K. pneumoniae can grow successfully in mineral broth under anaerobic environment and low decrease of pH, and can biosynthesize valuable chemicals like PDO.
Outbreak of KPC-2 Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST76 and Carbapenem-Resistant K2 Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae ST375 Strains in Northeast China: Molecular and Virulent Characteristics
Authors: Su Shanshan , Zhao Yongxin , Yu Lan , Li Chunjiang , Wang Yong , Wang Yuchao , Bao Mingjia , Fu Yu , Zhang Jisheng , Zhang Xiaoli
Published: May 2019

Background

Carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains have recently come into existence worldwide; however, researchers in northeast China are not aware of their clinical features and molecular characteristics.

Methods

Here, the molecular and virulent characteristics of 44 carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates collected from January 2015 to December 2017 were studied. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were carried out to define the clonal relatedness among the isolates. PCR and capsular serotyping of the virulence-associated genes, as well as biofilm formation and serum complement-mediated killing assays, were employed to determine the virulent potential. The genomic features and associated mobile genetic elements of JmsCRE57 were detected by whole genome sequencing.

Results

The only positive isolate was JmsCRE57, which belonged to the ST375 serotype K2 that expressed uge, mrkD, fimH, kpn, aerobactin and rmpA virulence-associated genes and showed strong biofilm formation and serum sensitivity. Sequencing results showed that the JmsCRE57 genome mainly consisted of a circular chromosome, three antibiotic resistance plasmids and a virulent plasmid. The antibiotic resistance plasmid expressing blaKPC-2, blaCTX-M-15, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, qnrB1, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1B, catB4, sul2, dfrA14 and blaSHV-99. The virulent plasmid belonged to the IncHI1B group, which is mainly composed of capsular polysaccharide genes and siderophore-associated genes. The remaining CRKP strains that expressed uge, fimH, mrkD and kpn virulence-associated genes were not successfully typed. We also identified an isolate that expressed the alls gene.

Conclusion

Our results provide new insights on the epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant K2 hypervirulent K. pneumoniae ST375 and CRKP ST76 strains in northeast China, which may help control their future outbreaks.
Isolation of bacteriophages from untreated sewage water against multi-drug resistant E.coli - An initiative to fight against drug resistance
Authors: Qamar Hina , Owais Mohd , Chauhan Dushyant Kumar , Rehman Sumbul
Published: May 2019

Background: Pathogenic Escherichia coli, common drinking water contaminant, cause a large number of morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the WHO estimates approximately 63,000 annual deaths are due to E. coli infections. Due to selective pressure on coliforms, resistant microbial strains are produced that threatens modern medicine where common infections could become more deadly. So, there is an urgent need to develop alternative anti-microbial to replace existing antibiotics for treating a broad spectrum of bacterial diseases. This revived the interest of scientists in phages as an alternative therapy. Phage therapy is defined as a therapeutic use of bacteriophages (natural predators of bacteria) for treating bacterial infections. In the present study pure phage strain was isolated from the untreated sewage water sample and subjected to 10 fold dilution following double agar layer assay to determine phage titer against multi-drug resistant E.coli following host range analysis and stability testing at varying temperature and pH.
Results: Sewage water contains a vast variety of different sizes bacteriophages with clear to diffused boundaries. The pure plaque isolated after repeated plating showed that it was highly specific against tested E. coli strain and could not lyse strains from other species. The titer was calculated to be 109 PFU/ml that remained unchanged at 4°C, 37°C and 50°C temperature. However, at higher pH range phage viability decreases.
Conclusions: In future, it would be expected that the isolated bacteriophages could be characterized and used as a therapeutic potential against multi-drug resistant E.coli that not only attenuate superbug spread but could also replace antibiotics. Beside, isolated phages would be utilized as a bio-component in biosensor development against food borne pathogenic bacteria.
ONG´s como espaço de investimento profissional
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Carlos Augusto de
Published: May 2019

As Organizações Não Governamentais - ONGs surgiram como um conjunto de iniciativas da sociedade civil organizada, que buscam atender a interesses públicos ou coletivos, com vista a encontrar soluções efetivas aos problemas sociais. Essas organizações contam com a participação de indivíduos que buscam ser reconhecidos como profissionais e prestadores de serviços à sociedade. Este artigo tem como principal objetivo verificar como as ONGs se constituem espaços de investimento profissional, verificando-se o que motiva as pessoas a nelas ingressarem e permanecerem, e identificar as ações e práticas que as ONGs eventualmente promovem para atração, desenvolvimento e retenção de pessoas. A partir das relações estabelecidas por Rifkin (1995), Landim (1993), Okumura (2006) e Falconer (1999) entre as ONGs e a carreira profissional, esta pesquisa valeu-se da aplicação de 12 (doze) entrevistas e 19 (dezenove) questionários, junto aos gestores e colaboradores empregados de 3 (três) ONGs do Estado do Ceará. Permitiu-se constatar que o ingresso e a permanência de seus colaboradores ocorrem a partir do desejo de se capacitarem profissionalmente, da identificação com as causas sociais nas quais acreditam, e pelo ambiente de trabalho (clima organizacional) proporcionado pelas organizações, e que as ONGs pesquisadas não desenvolvem práticas estruturadas e sistemáticas de atração e retenção de seus colaboradores.
A importância do ato de ler: leituras críticas na formação do administrador
Authors: Maranhão Carolina De Albuquerque , Motta Fernanda Miranda de Vasconcelos
Published: May 2019

Através da leitura de Freire acerca da importância do ato de ler, propõe-se a discussão sobre a formação crítica do profissional de Administração. Essa formação passa pela conscientização de que a educação não é neutra e de que o discurso presente na mídia de massa e nas fontes de pesquisa utilizadas é persuasivo, tentando convencer o leitor de uma determinada visão da realidade. Para ilustrar o impacto que este silenciamento pode ter na formação do administrador, serão apresentadas as denúncias de uso de mão-de-obra infantil na cadeia produtiva da Tinta Suvinil, Tinta Coral, ONG Mão de Minas e Faber Castell. Ao final, são apresentadas as diretrizes de Freire para o ensino crítico, bem como a indicação de fontes de pesquisa críticas que podem auxiliar o trabalho do docente de Administração, a fim de despertar os alunos em relação a uma visão menos ingênua e astuta desta ciência social aplicada.
Mudança estratégica, esquemas interpretativos e contexto institucional: um estudo de caso longitudinal
Authors: Gonçalves Sandro A.
Published: May 2019

O presente trabalho aborda o fenômeno da mudança em uma organização brasileira, com base na construção de um quadro teórico que se sustenta na perspectiva institucional de análise. No plano teórico, tal quadro analítico de referência procura articular os conceitos de cognição e esquemas interpretativos, de um lado, e de ambientes técnico e institucional, de outro. Na esfera empírica, efetiva-se avaliação longitudinal do processo de mudança de uma empresa pública. A análise dos dados tornou evidente a ocorrência de mudança estratégica na empresa pública, resultantes da estreita articulação entre os esquemas interpretativos do grupo dirigente e o contexto institucional de referência da organização. Assim, a análise dos resultados do caso empresarial permite concluir que o quadro teórico de referência proposto parece ser adequado para o estudo da mudança organizacional em diferentes contextos ambientais.
A empresarização do sagrado: um estudo sobre a estruturação de igrejas protestantes
Authors: Gonçalves Julio Cesar De Santana , Serra Antonio Roberto Coelho , Costa Carlos Everaldo Silva
Published: May 2019

No âmbito da Teoria das Organizações, este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir de que forma o fenômeno da empresarização das organizações está relacionado à estruturação organizacional de igrejas evangélicas pertencentes ao protestantismo histórico, pentecostal e neopentecostal em Santa Catarina. Descrevem-se os elementos que caracterizam o fenômeno de empresarização nessas igrejas e os seus processos de estruturação organizacional nos últimos dez anos. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo multicaso, cuja coleta de dados foi feita a partir da observação direta, de entrevistas e da análise documental. Os dados primários foram tratados mediante análise de conteúdo e os dados secundários, por meio da análise documental. Evidencia-se que o processo de empresarização se desenvolveu pontualmente em diferentes estágios e intensidades dentro de cada igreja investigada. Todas as três organizações apresentaram indícios de adequação aos parâmetros empresariais considerados neste trabalho.
Energy Efficient Encryption Algorithm for Low Resources Devices
Authors: Aboshosha Bassam W. , Dessouky Mohamed M. , Elsayed Ayman
Published: May 2019

Saving energy is one of the most challenging aspects in the wireless network devices. Such devices are connected together to perform a certain task. A well-known example of these structures is the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Distributed WSN consists of several spread nodes in a harsh area. Therefore, once network has been established sensors replacement is not a possible option before at least five years which called network lifetime. So, it is a necessity to develop specific energy aware algorithms that could save battery lifetime as much as possible. Security and Privacy are the vital elements which need to be addressed to hold up to the trust of users in WSN environment. Because the majority of modern cryptographic algorithms were designed for desktop/server environments, many of these algorithms cannot be implemented in the constrained devices used by these networks. Symmetric key algorithms are a typically efficient and fast cryptosystem, so it has significant applications in many realms. For a WSN with constraint computational resources, the cryptosystem based on symmetric key algorithms is extremely suitable for such an agile and dynamic environment. Therefore, a Simple Lightweight Encryption Algorithm (SLEA) based on addition and subtraction operations and compact Substitution-boxes (S-boxes) is proposed for wireless networks due to its low energy consumption, simple hardware requirements and suitable level of security. In addition, the algorithm tries to overcome the limitations of both public- and symmetric-key protocols. It relies on a smart version of Feistel structure.
Preparing for Racial Discrimination and Moving beyond Reactive Coping: a Systematic Review
Authors: DeLapp R.C.T. , Williams M.T.
Published: May 2019

Racial discrimination is a commonly experienced stressor among African American that
occurs in various forms. The stressful qualities of racial discrimination are highlighted by how such
events are often cognitively appraised and the negative mental health outcomes associated with such
racial stressors. Traditionally, existing conceptual models of racial discrimination have characterized
the reactive experiences of African Americans, particularly identifying how African American
typically respond cognitively, emotionally, and behaviorally. Moving forward, it is vital that the
conceptual models of racial discrimination extend beyond the reactive experience and further identify
nuances in the anticipatory and preparatory processes associated with racial discrimination. As
such, the current review draws upon a model of proactive coping (Aspinwall & Taylor, 1997) to
begin conceptualizes how African American may cope with anticipated discriminatory experiences
and propose future research directions for generating conceptual models that more comprehensively
capture experiences of racial stress among African Americans.
Factors Associated with Immune Discordant Responses in Treated HIV-infected Omani Patients
Authors: Ali Zied Gaifer , Boulassel Mohamed-Rachid
Published: May 2019

Background:

Despite sustained viral control by antiretroviral therapy (ART), some HIV-infected patients do not recover normal CD4+ T cell counts. This Discordant Immune Response (DIR) increases the risk of opportunistic infections.

Objective:

To evaluate the factors associated with DIR in HIV-infected Omani patients attending public sector clinics.

Methods:

All HIV-infected patients receiving ART with regular follow-up visits were eligible for this study. The DIR group comprised patients on ART for at least two years with plasma HIV viral load < 50 copies/mL and helper CD4+ T cell counts below 350 cells/μl. The Concordant Immune Responses (CIR) group was similar to DIR but with CD4+ T cell counts above 350 cells/μl. Univariate and multivariate analyses using logistic regression models were used to assess the impact of demographic characteristics, clinical, immunological and virological parameters, type of ART regimens, tuberculosis and other opportunistic co-infections on DIR.

Results:

Among 153 enrolled participants, 28 and 76 patients were identified as having DIR and CIR, respectively. The multivariate analysis revealed that the only factors independently associated with DIR after adjustment were age (odds ratio [OR] 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.23), baseline CD4+ T cell count (OR: 0.98; CI: 0.97-0.99) and baseline CD56+ cell count (OR: 0.97; CI: 0.96-0.99).

Conclusion:

Collectively, these findings suggest that a significant proportion of HIV-infected Omani patients develop DIR totaling 27%, and efforts should be made to improve early identification of these patients who tend to experience poor clinical outcomes.