bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatially dependent atom-photon entanglement
Authors: Amini Sabegh Zahra , Amiri Rahim , Mahmoudi Mohammad
Published: September 2018

The atom-photon entanglement using the Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams is studied in the closed-loop three-level V-type quantum systems. We consider two schemes with near-degenerate and non-degenerate upper levels: in the first, the effect of the quantum interference due to the spontaneous emission is taken into account and in the second, a microwave plane wave is applied to the upper levels transition. It is shown that the atom-photon entanglement in both schemes depends on the intensity profile as well as the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the applied fields so that the various spatially dependent entanglement patterns can be generated by Laguerre-Gaussian beams with different OAMs. However, due to the zero intensity,no entanglement appears in the center of the optical vortex beams. As a result, the entanglement between dressed atom and its spontaneous emissions in different points of the atomic vapor cell can be controlled by the OAM of the applied fields. Moreover, our numerical results show that the number of the local maximum degree of entanglement (DEM) peaks depends on the OAM of the applied fields. The degrees of freedom for OAM play a crucial role in spatially dependent atom-photon entanglement in such a way that it may possess broad applications in high-dimensional quantum information processing and data storage.
Reassessing Impacts of Extended Daily Exposure to Low Level Solar UV Radiation
Authors: McKenzie Richard L. , Lucas Robyn M.
Published: September 2018

Currently, health agencies recommend that no sun-protection is required when the UV Index (UVI) is less than 3. We use high-quality data from spectroradiometers and model calculations to demonstrate that this simplification is seriously flawed, particularly for mid-latitude conditions. For days when the peak UVI is below the threshold for advising protection, the daily dose of sun-burning UV available frequently far exceeds the threshold for damage to fair skin. This may have important health consequences, as populations at mid latitudes include a significant proportion with fair skin that is susceptible to damage.
DNA methylation in adolescents with anxiety disorder: a longitudinal study
Authors: Bortoluzzi Andressa , Salum Giovanni Abrahão , da Rosa Eduarda Dias , Chagas Vinicius de Saraiva , Castro Mauro Antônio Alves , Manfro Gisele Gus
Published: September 2018

Anxiety disorders (AD) typically manifest in children and adolescents and might persist into adulthood. However, there are still few data concerning epigenetic mechanisms associated with onset, persistence or remission of AD over time. We investigated a cohort of adolescents and young adults at baseline (age; 13.19 ± 2.38) and after 5 years and classified them according to the AD diagnosis and their longitudinal trajectories into 4 groups: (1) Typically Developing Comparisons (TDC; control group, n = 14); (2) Incident (AD in the second evaluation only, n = 11); (3) Persistent (AD in both evaluations, n = 14) and (4) Remittent (AD in the first evaluation only, n = 8). DNA methylation was evaluated with the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip from saliva samples collected at both evaluations. Gene set enrichment analysis was applied to consider biological pathways. We found decreased DNA methylation in TDC group while the chronic cases of AD presented hypermethylation in central nervous system development pathways. Moreover, we showed that this persistent group also presented hypermethylation while the other three groups were associated with hypomethylation in nervous system development pathway. Incidence and remission groups were associated with increased and decreased methylation in neuron development pathways, respectively. Larger studies are likely to detect specific genes relevant to AD.
Author Correction: Whole exome sequencing reveals rare variants linked to congenital pouch colon
Authors: Mathur Praveen , Medicherla Krishna Mohan , Chaudhary Spandan , Patel Mruduka , Bagali Prashanth , Suravajhala Prashanth
Published: September 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Coupled Resonators for Sound Trapping and Absorption
Authors: Al Jahdali Rasha , Wu Ying
Published: September 2018

The leakage of sound waves in a resonance based rainbow trapping device prevents the sound wave being trapped in a specific location. In this study, we report a design of sound trapping device based on coupled Helmholtz resonators, loaded to an air waveguide, which can effectively tackle the wave leakage issue. We show that coupled resonators structure can generate dips in the transmission spectrum by an analytical model derived from Newton’s second law and numerical analysis based on finite-element method. An effective medium theory is derived, which shows that coupled resonators cause a negative effective bulk modulus near the resonance frequency and induce flat bands that give rise to the confinement of the incoming wave inside the resonators. We compute the transmission spectra and band diagram from the effective medium theory, which are consistent with the simulation results. Trapping and high absorption of sound wave energy are demonstrated with our designed device.
MAPK/ERK and JNK pathways regulate lipid synthesis and cell growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under osmotic stress, respectively
Authors: Yang Ahreum , Suh William I. , Kang Nam Kyu , Lee Bongsoo , Chang Yong Keun
Published: September 2018

Microalgae have great potential for the production of biofuels due to the ability of the organism to accumulate large quantities of storage lipids under stress conditions. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades are widely recognized for their role in stress response signal transduction in eukaryotes. To assess the correlation between MAPK activation and lipid productivity,Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiwas studied under various concentrations of NaCl. The results demonstrated thatC.reinhardtiiexhibits elevated levels of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activities after undergoing osmotic stress, as well as an increase in cellular lipid content. To establish a more direct causal link between both kinases and lipid productivity,C.reinhardtiiwas subjected to biochemically induced regulation of ERK and JNK pathways. Activating the MEK-ERK pathway via C6 ceramide treatment increased ERK activation and lipid production simultaneously, while PD98059 mediated inhibition of the pathway yielded opposite results. Interestingly, suppression of the JNK pathway with SP600125 resulted in a substantial decrease in cell viability under osmotic stress. These results suggest that ERK and JNK MAP kinases have important roles in microalgal lipid accumulation and cell growth under osmotic stress, respectively.
Diminished TLR2-TLR9 mediated CD4+ T cell responses are associated with increased inflammation in intraocular tuberculosis
Authors: Sharma Ravi Kumar , Sharma Jyoti , Khan Zafar K. , Pattekar Ajinkya , Gupta Vishali , Bansal Reema , Sharma Kusum , Aggarwal Ashutosh Nath , Gupta Amod , Sachdeva Naresh
Published: September 2018

Intraocular tuberculosis (IOTB) is amongst the leading causes of uveitis in tropical countries. Despite reports on involvement of proinflammatory cytokines, studies on innate immune responses in disease pathogenesis are lacking. Reports from animal models and patients with pulmonary tuberculosis indicate that defects in toll like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR9 signalling predispose them to tuberculosis. In this context, we investigated the role of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 in generation of CD4+ T effector (Teff) cell responses during IOTB. Firstly, the cells in vitreous fluids showed lower expression of TLR2 and TLR9 in IOTB as compared to non-uveitis and non-TB uveitis groups. Next, peripheral CD4+ Teff cells of subjects with IOTB showed decreased proliferative responses and lower induction of Tregs following TLR2 and TLR9 stimulation. Further, TLR9 ligation resulted in increased IFN-γ and IL-17a but decreased expression of IL-10 and TGF-β. Lastly, lower expression of genes involved in TLR9 signalling after direct TLR9 ligation was observed in IOTB. Collectively, our results show that a subdued response to direct TLR2 and TLR9 stimulation in CD4+ T cells is associated with increased proinflammatory responses in IOTB. These findings reveal an important link between innate immune signalling and ensuing adaptive immune responses in IOTB with implications in other forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
How Behavior of Nontarget Species Affects Perceived Accuracy of Scat Detection Dog Surveys
Authors: DeMatteo Karen E. , Blake Linsey W. , Young Julie K. , Davenport Barbara
Published: September 2018

Detection dogs, specially trained domestic dogs (Canis familiaris), have become a valuable, noninvasive, conservation tool because they remove the dependence of attracting species to a particular location. Further, detection dogs locate samples independent of appearance, composition, or visibility allowing researchers to collect large sets of unbiased samples that can be used in complex ecological queries. One question not fully addressed is why samples from nontarget species are inadvertently collected during detection dog surveys. While a common explanation has been incomplete handler or dog training, our study aimed to explore alternative explanations. Our trials demonstrate that a scat’s genetic profile can be altered by interactions of nontarget species with target scat via urine-marking, coprophagy, and moving scats with their mouths, all pathways to contamination by nontarget species’ DNA. Because detection dogs are trained to locate odor independent of masking, the collection of samples with a mixed olfactory profile (target and nontarget) is possible. These scats will likely have characteristics of target species’ scats and are therefore only discovered faulty once genetic results indicate a nontarget species. While the collection of nontarget scats will not impact research conclusions so long as samples are DNA tested, we suggest ways to minimize their collection and associated costs.
The differences in bioaccumulation and effects between Se(IV) and Se(VI) in the topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva
Authors: Ma Shanshan , Zeng Xiangfeng , Chen Hongxing , Geng Shicong , Yan Liang , Luo Yongju , Xie Lingtian , Zhang Qianru
Published: September 2018

Selenium (Se) might be protective against oxidative stress at nutritional levels, but elevated Se concentrations in the diet has been revealed as the main culprit for the extinction of natural fish populations in Se-contaminated lakes. Though Se predominate as waterborne selenite (IV) and selenate (VI) in the water, the differences in bioaccumulation, effects (e.g., oxidative stress, antioxidants etc.) and molecular mechanisms between Se(IV) and Se(VI) have been relatively understudied in wild fish. In this study, the P. parva were exposed to waterborne Se (10, 200 and 1000 μg/L of Se(IV) or Se(VI)) and sampled at 4, 14 and 28 days. Bioaccumulation, tissue distributions of Se and following effects in different tissues were evaluated. The results showed that the levels of Se in the gills and intestine were significantly elevated with a seemingly concentration-dependent pattern in the Se(IV) treatment, with respectively 173.3% and 57.2% increase after 28 days of exposure, relative to that of Se(VI) treatment. Additionally, significant accumulation of Se was also observed in the muscle of Se(IV) treated fish. Se exposure increased the MDA levels in the brain and gills in the Se(IV) treatment, but less apparent in the Se(VI) treatment. Meanwhile, Se exposure lowered (at least 56%) the activity of GST in the gills, but increased the activity of AChE in the muscle (~69%) and brain (~50%) after 28 d. Most importantly, after 28 d of exposure, Se exposure caused significant decrease in GSH levels in the gills (at least 35%) and in all tissues examined at the highest test concentration. In general, the results showed that Se(IV) led to faster accumulation of Se than Se(VI) in P. parva, and the resulted lipid peroxidation was closely related to the levels of antioxidants, especially GSH. Our results suggest that the ecotoxicological effects of waterborne selenite and selenate differ in this freshwater species in the field.
Transgenic zebrafish model for quantification and visualization of tissue toxicity caused by alloying elements in newly developed biodegradable metal
Authors: Han Hyung-Seop , Jang Gun Hyuk , Jun Indong , Seo Hyunseon , Park Jimin , Glyn-Jones Sion , Seok Hyun-Kwang , Lee Kwan Hyi , Mantovani Diego , Kim Yu-Chan , Edwards James R.
Published: September 2018

The cytotoxicity of alloying elements in newly developed biodegradable metals can be assessed through relatively low-cost and rapid in vitro studies using different cell types. However, such approaches have limitations; as such, additional investigations in small mammalian models are required that recapitulate the physiological environment. In this study, we established a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model for cytotoxicity evaluations that combines the physiological aspects of an animal model with the speed and simplicity of a cell-based assay. The model was used to assess the cytotoxicity of five common alloying elements in biodegradable implant materials. Conventional in vitro testing using heart, liver, and endothelial cell lines performed in parallel with zebrafish studies revealed statistically significant differences in toxicity (up to 100-fold), along with distinct changes in the morphology of the heart, liver, and blood vessels that were undetectable in cell cultures. These results indicate that our zebrafish model is a useful alternative to mammalian systems for accurately and rapidly evaluating the in vivo toxicity of newly developed metallic materials.
Surface Science, X-ray and Electron Spectroscopy Studies of Electrocatalysis
Authors: Friebel Daniel
Published: September 2018

Several of the cost and efficiency bottlenecks in the design of a photoelectrocatalytic device for solar fuels production arise from the need for electrocatalyst materials that can resist a corrosive reaction environment, while enabling the accelerated breaking and making, at low temperatures, of highly energetic chemical bonds such as CO, C–H, O–H etc. Promising tools for high-throughput synthesis and screening have been developed, and their use will be most efficient with the guidance of a catalyst blueprint that is based on a thorough understanding of physical key parameters that determine catalyst stability, activity and selectivity. These parameters are encoded in the surface electronic structure of any given catalyst material, and can be interrogated with well-established surface science methods such as electron spectroscopy and electron diffraction. A challenge, however, that has limited the success of traditional surface science in electrochemistry, is the sometimes drastic modification of the catalyst surface in the electrochemical environment. This chapter reviews the contributions of surface science to the development of improved catalysts for solar fuels generation, and the development of advanced synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy methods towards probing catalysts in the presence of electrolyte and, ultimately, under realistic operating conditions.
Degradation of Semiconductor Electrodes in Photoelectrochemical Devices: Principles and Case Studies
Authors: Eichhorn Johanna , Liu Guiji , Toma Francesca M
Published: September 2018

The performance, durability, and reliability of photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices rely on the stability and efficiency of single components. Although some metal oxide semiconductors have been considered as thermodynamically stable under operating conditions, most of them suffer from (photo)chemical degradation. To overcome present stability limitations, a comprehensive understanding of degradation mechanisms and a careful study of the impact of degradation on the performance are required. First, we discuss thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of degradation to predict material stability, focusing on the light absorber–electrolyte interface. Second, we present different degradation mechanisms and methodologies for analyzing failure pathways of p- and n-type metal oxide semiconductors. Detailed study of chemical and photochemical instability is revealed by investigating morphology and chemical composition changes and their relationship to materials’ performance through the use of a multimodal characterization approach. This understanding may enable the development of tailored protective coatings, as well as the discovery of next generation, highly durable and efficient PEC materials.
Ultra-high throughput functional enrichment of large monoamine oxidase (MAO-N) libraries by fluorescence activated cell sorting
Authors: Sadler Joanna C. , Currin Andrew , Kell Douglas B.
Published: September 2018

A novel ultra-high throughput screen forin vivodetection of oxidase activity inE. colicells and its application to directed evolution.
Transformations to reduce the effect of particle size in mid-infrared spectra of biomass
Authors: Cantero-Tubilla Borja , Walker Larry P.
Published: September 2018

Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy is a very powerful technique for the characterization of the chemical composition of biomass and its modifications occurring during thermochemical and chemical pretreatments.
Sea cucumber mimicking bacterial cellulose composite hydrogel with ionic strength-sensitive mechanical adaptivity
Authors: Qian Chen , Asoh Taka-Aki , Uyama Hiroshi
Published: September 2018

A novel sea cucumber-mimicking bacterial cellulose composite hydrogel shows stiffness changes in response to ionic strength without significant volume changes.
A rare example of a phosphine as a halogen bond acceptor
Authors: Xu Yijue , Huang Jasmine , Gabidullin Bulat , Bryce David L.
Published: September 2018

The cocrystal of triphenylphosphine with 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene features a rare, moderately strong, and linear phosphorus–iodine halogen bond.
Chiral halogen and chalcogen bonding receptors for discrimination of stereo- and geometric dicarboxylate isomers in aqueous media
Authors: Lim Jason Y. C. , Marques Igor , Félix Vítor , Beer Paul D.
Published: September 2018

Dicarboxylate isomer discrimination and fluorescence sensing properties of a chalcogen bonding receptor differs considerably from halogen and hydrogen bonding analogues.
Diverse resistive switching behaviors of AlN thin films with different orientations
Authors: Lin Chun-Cheng , Liou Huei-Yu , Chu Sheng-Yuan , Huang Chih-Yu , Hong Cheng-Shong
Published: September 2018

Aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films with different orientations (i.e., amorphous, (100)- and (002)-oriented) are deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates via the radio-frequency (RF) sputtering method.
Cooperative structure direction of organosilanes and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide to generate hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite with controlled porous structure
Authors: Shen Yu , Han Zongzhuang , Li Hang , Li Haichao , Wang Gang , Wang Fumin , Zhang Xubin
Published: September 2018

Hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites of controlled porous structure were realized by the cooperative direction of organosilanes and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide.
Joining of trinuclear (CuL)2M (M = MnII and CdII) nodes by 1,3- and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate linkers: positional isomeric effect on co-crystallization
Authors: Dutta Sabarni , Jana Subrata , Mahapatra Prithwish , Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio , Ghosh Ashutosh
Published: September 2018

Among the four one-dimensional coordination polymers obtained by joining (CuL)2M (M = MnII and CdII) nodes with 1,3- and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate linkers, the chains derived from 1,3-benzenedicarboxylate are co-crystallized with dimeric CuII units.
The role of ionic liquids in the synthesis of the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−δ
Authors: Gómez Rojas Omar , Sudoh Iori , Nakayama Tadachika , Hall Simon R.
Published: September 2018

A deep understanding of the mechanisms of ionic liquid-mediated syntheses in the case of a high-temperature superconductor is presented.
Polymerization-induced polymer aggregation or polymer aggregation-enhanced polymerization? A computer simulation study
Authors: Kong Si-Min , Liu Hong , Xue Yao-Hong , Liu Xiao-Li , Jia Xiao-Xi , Cui Feng-Chao
Published: September 2018

In this study, using dissipative particle dynamics simulations coupled with the stochastic reaction model, we investigate the polymerization-induced polymer aggregation process and the polymer aggregation-enhanced polymerization process in a binary solution.
Suppression by Pt of CO adsorption and dissociation and methane formation on Fe5C2(100) surfaces
Authors: He Yurong , Zhao Peng , Liu Jinjia , Guo Wenping , Yang Yong , Li Yong-Wang , Huo Chun-Fang , Wen Xiao-Dong
Published: September 2018

To understand the chemical origin of platinum promotion effects on iron based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalysts, the effects of Pt on CO adsorption and dissociation as well as surface carbon hydrogenation on the Fe5C2(100) facet with different surface C* contents have been studied using the spin-polarized density functional theory method.
Electric-field control of non-volatile 180° switching of the unidirectional anisotropy field in a multiferroic heterostructure
Authors: Li Pingping , Zhou Cai , Cao Cuimei , Wang Wenqiang , Jiang Changjun
Published: September 2018

We investigate the room-temperature, electric-field-mediated, non-volatile 180° switching of the unidirectional anisotropy field in an IrMn/CoFeB/Ta/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 heterostructure.
The distribution of reactive Ni2+ in 2D Mg2−xNixAl-LDH nanohybrid materials determined by solid state 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Jensen Nicholai Daugaard , Forano Claude , Pushparaj Suraj Shiv Charan , Nishiyama Yusuke , Bekele Belayneh , Nielsen Ulla Gro
Published: September 2018

The distribution of Ni2+ in paramagnetic Mg2−xNixAl layered double hydroxides obeys a binomial distribution according to 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy.
Ni-Catalysed Intramolecular [4+4]-cycloadditions of bis-dienes towards eight-membered fused bicyclic systems: a combined experimental and computational study
Authors: Llorente Nuria , Fernández-Pérez Héctor , Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio , Vidal-Ferran Anton
Published: September 2018

Nickel(0) complexes derived from electron-rich triarylphosphines as efficient catalysts for intramolecular [4+4]-cycloadditions of an array of structurally diverse bis-dienes.
Structural modulation of CdS/ZnO nanoheterojunction arrays for full solar water splitting and their related degradation mechanisms
Authors: Yang Weijie , Wu Weibing , Chen Wenwen , Zhao Jizuo , Hu Xun
Published: September 2018

Higher PEC performance for full water splitting was realized for a CoPi–CdS/ZnO NHA via structural modulation, and degradation in the performance was elucidated.
Editor’s choice: underappreciated science
Authors: Kolodziej Edward P.
Published: September 2018

Associate Editor Ed Kolodziej introduces the Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts Underappreciated Science collection.
Effects of casein phosphopeptides on calcium absorption and metabolism bioactivity in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Sun Shengwei , Liu Fei , Liu Guo , Miao Jianyin , Xiao Hang , Xiao Jie , Qiu Zhirou , Luo Zhen , Tang Jian , Cao Yong
Published: September 2018

CPP1, CPP2 and P5 promoted calcium uptake in Caco-2 cells and affected isotopic calcium metabolism in rats.
In vitro human bioavailability of major, trace and ultra-trace elements in Chilean ‘natural’ wines from Itata Valley
Authors: Latorre Mónica , Peña-Farfal Carlos , Neira Yamil , Herbello-Hermelo Paloma , Domínguez-González Raquel , Bermejo-Barrera Pilar , Moreda-Piñeiro Antonio
Published: September 2018

In vitro human bioavailability of elements in ‘natural’ wines from Chile's Itata Valley has been assessed using an in vitro dialyzability approach.
Classification analysis of archaeological findings from early-iron production (Turopolje region, NW Croatia) based on multi-analytical profiling
Authors: Nemet Ivan , Rončević Sanda , Bugar Aleksandra , Ferri Tea Zubin , Pitarević Lovorka
Published: September 2018

A combination of multi-analytical methods and chemometric tools facilitate recognition of different types of archaeometallurgical iron slags.
Performing a catalysis reaction on filter paper: development of a metal palladium nanoparticle-based catalyst
Authors: Zhao Yili , Liu Lei , Shi Daniel , Shi Xiangyang , Shen Mingwu
Published: September 2018

Palladium nanoparticles can be facilely immobilized onto filter paper via mediation by polyethylenimine for high-performance catalytic applications.
Bifunctional electrolyte additive KI to improve the cycling performance of Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Li Changjin , Qian Zhengyi , Ma Yulin , Zuo Pengjian , Du Chunyu , Huo Hua , Yin Geping
Published: September 2018

Bifunctional electrolyte additive KI could effectively inhibit lithium dendrite growth and reduce the charge overpotential simultaneously.
Assembling of hydrophilic and cytocompatible three-dimensional scaffolds based on aminolyzed poly(l-lactide) single crystals
Authors: Bakry Ahmed , Darwish Mohamed S. A. , El Naggar Ahmed M. A.
Published: September 2018

3D scaffolds based on aminolyzed poly(l-lactide) single crystals have suitable hydrophilicity and cytocompatibility toward fibroblast cell growth and adhesion.
Oxidized Ti3C2MXene nanosheets for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Dall'Agnese Chunxiang , Dall'Agnese Yohan , Anasori Babak , Sugimoto Wataru , Mori Shogo
Published: September 2018

Porous TiO2electrodes were prepared by oxidizing Ti3C2nanosheets at different temperatures in air and were tested in dye-sensitized solar cells.
A copper–trimesic acid metal–organic framework incorporated sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) based polymer electrolyte membrane for direct methanol fuel cells
Authors: Niluroutu Nagaraju , Pichaimuthu Karthika , Sarmah Sudeshna , Dhanasekaran P. , Shukla Avanish , Unni Sreekuttan M. , Bhat Santoshkumar D.
Published: September 2018

A copper–trimesic acid (Cu–TMA) metal–organic framework incorporated in sPEEK shows restricted methanol crossover in DMFCs.
Controllable dynamics of oxygen vacancies through extrinsic doping for superior catalytic activities
Authors: Younis Adnan , Shirsath Sagar E. , Shabbir Babar , Li Sean
Published: September 2018

Extrinsic doping is presented as a new degree of freedom to configure the modulation of oxygen vacancy defects for enhanced catalytic efficiencies.
Plasmonic chemically modified cotton nanocomposite fibers for efficient solar water desalination and wastewater treatment
Authors: Kiriarachchi Hiran D. , Awad Fathi S. , Hassan Amr A. , Bobb Julian A. , Lin Andrew , El-Shall M. Samy
Published: September 2018

Highly efficient, flexible, low weight, and cost effective Plasmonic Functionalized Cotton (PFC) nanocomposites for efficient solar desalination and wastewater purification.
Chromium sulfide halide monolayers: intrinsic ferromagnetic semiconductors with large spin polarization and high carrier mobility
Authors: Guo Yilv , Zhang Yehui , Yuan Shijun , Wang Bing , Wang Jinlan
Published: September 2018

We have demonstrated three intrinsic ferromagnetic semiconductor-chromium sulfide halide monolayers with large spin polarization and high carrier mobilities.
Industrial development of reversible-deactivation radical polymerization: is the induction period over?
Authors: Destarac Mathias
Published: September 2018

The commercial applications of polymers produced by reversible-deactivation radical polymerization are reviewed here.
Chiral molecular fluoridosilicates and their twin polymerization for the preparation of fluorine-doped mesoporous silica and microporous carbon
Authors: Roschke Felix , Rüffer Tobias , Seifert Andreas , Nagel Kevin , Spange Stefan , Lang Heinrich , Mehring Michael
Published: September 2018

The synthesis of organic–inorganic hybrid materials, microporous carbon and fluorine-doped mesoporous silica by the twin polymerization of pentacoordinated fluoridosilicates is reported.
Photothermally driven liquid crystal polymer actuators
Authors: Dong Liangliang , Zhao Yue
Published: September 2018

Light-controlled liquid crystal polymer actuators using the photothermal effect are easy to make and capable of executing complex shape morphing or motion.
Pharmacokinetic and excretion study of three alkaloids in rats using UPLC-MS/MS after oral administration of menispermi rhizoma capsules
Authors: Yu Jia , Zhu Bolin , Su Dan , Jiang Zhen
Published: September 2018

A sensitive, specific and rapid UPLC-MS/MS was developed for simultaneous determination of three main alkaloids (daucicoline, daurisoline, dauricine) in rat plasma, urine and feces after oral administration of menispermi rhizoma capsules.
Interaction mechanism of olaparib binding to human serum albumin investigated with NMR relaxation data and computational methods
Authors: Zhai Yuanming , Deng Pengchi , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhang Chunchun , Gan Ruixue , Gan Na , Sun Qiaomei , Li Hui
Published: September 2018

The interaction mechanism between olaparib (OLA) and human serum albumin (HSA) has been investigated using experimental and computational techniques.
Ameliorative effects and possible molecular mechanisms of action of fibrauretine fromFibraurea recisaPierre ond-galactose/AlCl3-mediated Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Xing Zhiheng , He Zhongmei , Wang Shuning , Yan Yu , Zhu Hongyan , Gao Yugang , Zhao Yan , Zhang Lianxue
Published: September 2018

Fibrauretine fromFibraurea recisaPierre exhibits ameliorative effects ond-galactose/AlCl3-induced Alzheimer's disease. Its mechanism may involve its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.
Catalytic conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using zirconium-containing metal–organic frameworks using microwave heating
Authors: Gong Jue , Katz Michael J. , Kerton Francesca M.
Published: September 2018

Glucose can be converted to the platform chemical 5-HMF in up to 37% yield using porous, recyclable catalysts.
Synthesis, structure, and fluorescence properties of a calcium-based metal–organic framework
Authors: Kojima Daichi , Sanada Tomoe , Wada Noriyuki , Kojima Kazuo
Published: September 2018

The solvothermal reaction of a mixture of calcium acetylacetonate and 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (H2NDC) in a solution containing ethanol and distilled water gave rise to a metal–organic framework (MOF), {(H3O+)2[Ca(NDC)(C2H5O)(OH)]}4·1.1H2O.
3D printing of multicolor luminescent glass
Authors: Liu Chang , Qian Bin , Ni Rongping , Liu Xiaofeng , Qiu Jianrong
Published: September 2018

A novel technique enables the design of both the shape and the function of single glass devices.
Selective and catalytic carbon dioxide and heteroallene activation mediated by cerium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes
Authors: Arnold Polly L. , Kerr Ryan W. F. , Weetman Catherine , Docherty Scott R. , Rieb Julia , Cruickshank Faye L. , Wang Kai , Jandl Christian , McMullon Max W. , Pöthig Alexander , Kühn Fritz E. , Smith Andrew D.
Published: September 2018

A series of rare earth complexes of the form Ln(LR)3 supported by bidentate ortho-aryloxide–NHC ligands are reported (LR = O(o-C6H2–tBu2-2,6-CN(C2H2)NR); R = iPr, tBu, Mes; Ln = Ce, Sm, Eu).
Direct synthesis of aryl-annulated [c]carbazoles by gold(i)-catalysed cascade reaction of azide-diynes and arenes
Authors: Kawada Yuiki , Ohmura Shunsuke , Kobayashi Misaki , Nojo Wataru , Kondo Masaki , Matsuda Yuka , Matsuoka Junpei , Inuki Shinsuke , Oishi Shinya , Wang Chao , Saito Tatsuo , Uchiyama Masanobu , Suzuki Takanori , Ohno Hiroaki
Published: September 2018

The gold-catalysed annulation of conjugated alkynes bearing an azido group with arenes gave annulated [c]carbazoles.
Anionic block copolymer vesicles act as Trojan horses to enable efficient occlusion of guest species into host calcite crystals
Authors: Ning Yin , Whitaker Daniel J. , Mable Charlotte J. , Derry Matthew J. , Penfold Nicholas J. W. , Kulak Alexander N. , Green David C. , Meldrum Fiona C. , Armes Steven P.
Published: September 2018

‘Trojan Horse’ anionic poly(methacrylic acid)–poly(benzyl methacrylate) vesicles enable efficient incorporation of either nanoparticles or soluble small molecules within calcite.
Exploratory machine-learned theoretical chemical shifts can closely predict metabolic mixture signals
Authors: Ito Kengo , Obuchi Yuka , Chikayama Eisuke , Date Yasuhiro , Kikuchi Jun
Published: September 2018

Exploratory machine-learned model can predict the experimental chemical shifts with high accuracy, and the corrected theoretical values can be used to assign NMR signals in molecular complexities.
Organic acid assisted one-pot synthesis of highly oriented h-WO3 as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Yang Jiaqin , Guo Can , Zhang Jing , Xu Lirong
Published: September 2018

Hierarchical structures are assembled by various building blocks, which can enhance the electrochemical performance with the features of both micromaterials and nanomaterials.
C2NxO1−xframework carbons with defined microporosity and Co-doped functional pores
Authors: Tian Zhihong , Fechler Nina , Oschatz Martin , Heil Tobias , Schmidt Johannes , Yuan Siguo , Antonietti Markus
Published: September 2018

C2NxO1−xframework carbons with strongly polarized structures and large specific surface areas have been synthesized, and they exhibit high affinity for CO2.
Epitaxial growth of WO3 nanoneedles achieved using a facile flame surface treatment process engineering of hole transport and water oxidation reactivity
Authors: Shi Xinjian , Cai Lili , Choi Il Yong , Ma Ming , Zhang Kan , Zhao Jiheng , Kim Jung Kyu , Kim Jong Kyu , Zheng Xiaolin , Park Jong Hyeok
Published: September 2018

Enhancing all the key properties of a photoanode in a single step, with further tuned oxidation pathways for yielding selective products.
Efficient cycling utilization of solar-thermal energy for thermochromic displays with controllable heat output
Authors: Yang Weixiang , Feng Yiyu , Si Qianyu , Yan Qinghai , Long Peng , Dong Liqi , Fu Linxia , Feng Wei
Published: September 2018

Photo-thermal energy cycles for thermochromic displays with control of heat output.
A comparative study of metal (Ni, Co, or Mn)-borate catalysts and their photodeposition on rGO/ZnO nanoarrays for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Zhang Huayang , Tian Wenjie , Li Yunguo , Sun Hongqi , Tadé Moses O. , Wang Shaobin
Published: September 2018

The activity of Ni, Co, or Mn-based oxygen-evolving catalysts is screened and M-Bi/rGO/ZnO photoanodes are demonstrated for photoelectrochemical water splitting.
An air-stable lithiated cathode material based on a 1,4-benzenedisulfonate backbone for organic Li-ion batteries
Authors: Lakraychi A. E. , Deunf E. , Fahsi K. , Jimenez P. , Bonnet J.-P. , Djedaini-Pilard F. , Bécuwe M. , Poizot P. , Dolhem F.
Published: September 2018

To meet current market demands as well as emerging environmental concerns there is a need to develop less polluting battery technologies.
Anin situelement permeation constructed high endurance Li–LLZO interface at high current densities
Authors: Lu Yang , Huang Xiao , Ruan Yadong , Wang Qingsong , Kun Rui , Yang Jianhua , Wen Zhaoyin
Published: September 2018

A Li enriched Li–Al alloy will spontaneously react with an LLZTO solid electrolyte, constructing a highly tolerant SEI with low interfacial impedance.
Insights into the mechanism of the enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of black phosphorus/BiVO4 heterostructure: a first-principles study
Authors: Chen Yuxuan , Shi Tingting , Liu Pengyi , Ma Xinguo , Shui Lingling , Shang Chaoqun , Chen Zhihong , Wang Xin , Kempa Krzysztof , Zhou Guofu
Published: September 2018

Photocatalytic water splitting was observed on black phosphorus/BiVO4 heterostructure under visible light irradiation.
Scalable and controllable synthesis of atomic metal electrocatalysts assisted by an egg-box in alginate
Authors: Zhang Lijie , Liu Tongchao , Chen Ning , Jia Yi , Cai Rongsheng , Theis Wolfgang , Yang Xianfeng , Xia Yanzhi , Yang Dongjiang , Yao Xiangdong
Published: September 2018

A general, scalable and controllable strategy is developed to synthesize atomic metal (Co, Cu, Ni, etc.) catalysts assisted by an “egg-box” in alginate.
Large piezoelectric response of van der Waals layered solids
Authors: Manna Sukriti , Gorai Prashun , Brennecka Geoff L. , Ciobanu Cristian V. , Stevanović Vladan
Published: September 2018

Layered materials with promising piezoelectric properties identified from a large-scale search of 869 binary and ternary van der Waals layered solids.
Flexible metal–organic frameworks for the wavelength-based luminescence sensing of aqueous pH
Authors: Lv Xiu-Liang , Xie Lin-Hua , Wang Bin , Zhao Minjian , Cui Yuanjing , Li Jian-Rong
Published: September 2018

Two new metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) constructed from carbazole-based ligands showed high porosity, good stability, and reversible structural flexibility, as well as stimuli-responsive fluorescence. It is demonstrated that these MOFs are highly potential in the wide-range quantitative pH sensing by determining the wavelengths of the maximum emission.
Insights into the respiratory chain and oxidative stress
Authors: Larosa Véronique , Remacle Claire
Published: September 2018

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive reduced oxygen molecules that result from aerobic metabolism. The common forms are the superoxide anion (O2∙−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and their derived forms, hydroxyl radical (HO∙) and hydroperoxyl radical (HOO∙). Their production sites in mitochondria are reviewed. Even though being highly toxic products, ROS seem important in transducing information from dysfunctional mitochondria. Evidences of signal transduction mediated by ROS in mitochondrial deficiency contexts are then presented in different organisms such as yeast, mammals or photosynthetic organisms.
Non-synchronous rotations in massive binary systems
Authors: Putkuri C. , Gamen R. , Morrell N. I. , Simón-Díaz S. , Barbá R. H. , Ferrero G. A. , Arias J. I. , Solivella G.
Published: September 2018

Context. Most massive stars are in binary or multiple systems. Several massive stars have been detected as double-lined spectroscopic binaries and among these, the OWN Survey has detected a non-negligible number whose components show very different spectral line broadening (i.e., projected rotational velocities). This fact raises a discussion about the contributing processes, such as angular-momentum transfer and tidal forces.

Aims. We seek to constrain the physical and evolutionary status of one of such systems, the O+O binary HD 93343.

Methods. We analyzed a series of high-resolution multiepoch optical spectra to determine the orbital parameters, projected rotational velocities, and evolutionary status of the system.

Results. HD 93343 is a binary system comprised of two O7.5 Vz stars that each have minimum masses of approximately 22 M⊙ in a wide and eccentric orbit (e = 0.398±0.004; P = 50.432±0.001 d). Both stars have very similar stellar parameters, and hence ages. As expected from the qualitative appearance of the combined spectrum of the system, however, these stars have very different projected rotational velocities (~65 and ~325 km s−1, respectively).

Conclusions. The orbits and stellar parameters obtained for both components seem to indicate that their youth and relative separation is enough to discard the effects of mass transfer and tidal friction. Thus, non-synchronization should be intrinsic to their formation.
Missions spatiales européennes produire de l’énergie à partir des déchets nucléaires
Authors: Landgraf Markus , Stephenson Keith , Hess David
Published: September 2018

La technologie actuelle a transformé les fantasmes d’exploration spatiale du passé en réalité tangible. Pourtant, le combustible reste au coeur des préoccupations des chercheurs. Depuis un demi-siècle, le nucléaire fournit énergie et chaleur aux satellites et sondes spatiales. Pleine de promesses, la recherche autour de l’énergie nucléaire pourrait ouvrir de nouvelles frontières à l’exploration spatiale.
Nächtliche Symptomkontrolle bei Patienten mit stabilem Asthma bronchiale
Authors: Guenter Konrad , Cassel Werner , Hildebrandt Olaf , Kroenig Johannes , Fischer Patrick , Weissflog Andreas , Vogelmeier Claus , Koehler Ulrich
Published: September 2018

Einleitung Wesentlicher Bestandteil der Asthmakontrolle ist die Symptomfreiheit tagsüber und nachts. Die akustische Langzeitregistrierung ermöglicht eine objektive Erfassung respiratorischer Symptome. In dieser prospektiven Beobachtungsstudie mit Pilotcharakter wurde untersucht, wie häufig nächtlich auftretende respiratorische Symptome wie Husten und Giemen bei stabil eingestellten Asthmatikern zu finden sind.

Methode Nächtlich auftretender Husten und Wheezing wurden mithilfe des LEOSound-Monitorsystems bei 40 Patienten mit stabilem Status aufgezeichnet. Die Patienten waren zum Zeitpunkt der ärztlichen Vorstellung respiratorisch beschwerdefrei, der Asthmakontrolltest (ACT) ergab einen mittleren Score von 23 Punkten. Der FEV1-Wert betrug 84 ± 15 %; der MEF 50 71 ± 27 % und der Rtot 0,48 ± 0,18. Das Alter der Patienten lag bei 35 ± 11 Jahren. Alle Patienten hatten eine antiobstruktive und/oder antiinflammatorische Therapie. Die Fragestellungen waren wie folgt: 1. Wie häufig werden nächtlicher Husten und Giemen bei Patienten mit stabilem Asthma bronchiale gefunden? 2. Unterscheiden sich Patienten mit/ohne nächtlichem/n Husten/Giemen hinsichtlich ACT und Lungenfunktion?

Ergebnisse Bei zwei Patienten konnte nächtliches Wheezing mit einer Gesamtdauer von 19 bzw. 55 Minuten nachgewiesen werden. Patient 1 hatte einen persistierenden Nikotinkonsum bei leichtgradiger Atemwegsobstruktion, Patient 2 war Nichtraucher und wies eine deutliche Bronchialobstruktion (FEV1 49 %; MEF 50 27 % und Rtot 0,52 kPas/l) auf. 26 Patienten hatten keinen Husten bzw. ausschließlich solitäre Hustenereignisse. 14 Patienten wiesen nächtliche Hustensalven mit einer Häufigkeit von 4 ± 3 (2 – 13) auf. Bezüglich der Subgruppenanalyse Husten/Nichthusten ergaben sich sowohl hinsichtlich der ACT-Scores als auch der Lungenfunktionsparameter keine relevanten Unterschiede. Die beiden Patienten mit nächtlichem Wheezing wiesen im ACT vergleichsweise niedrige Punktewerte mit 20 und 21 Punkten auf.

Diskussion Nächtliches Wheezing und Hustensalven waren bei 2 bzw. 14 der stabil eingestuften Asthmapatienten nachweisbar. Mithilfe der Langzeitregistrierung der Atem- und Atemnebengeräusche ist eine objektive Erfassung von nächtlichem Husten und Wheezing möglich.
Die nichtalkoholische Fettlebererkrankung aus klinischer
Sicht
Authors: Schumacher Fabienne , Koch Alexander
Published: September 2018

Die nichtalkoholische Fettlebererkrankung ist die Manifestation des metabolischen
Syndroms in der Leber. Häufig kann bereits in präadipösen Patienten eine
Verfettung der Leber festgestellt werden, die mit deutlichen Veränderungen für
den Stoffwechsel einhergeht, ohne dass sich bereits ein Diabetes oder eine
kardiovaskuläre Erkrankung manifestiert hat. Eine frühzeitige Intervention –
insbesondere im ernährungsmedizinischen Ansatz – hat hier eine herausragende
Bedeutung (
Abb. 1
).
Comparison of cap-assisted endoscopy vs. side-viewing endoscopy for examination of the major duodenal papilla: a randomized, controlled, noninferiority crossover study
Authors: Abdelhafez Mohamed , Phillip Veit , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Sturm Veronika , Elnegouly Mayada , Dollhopf Markus , Kassem Abdelmeguid , Klare Peter , Nennstiel Simon , Schmid Roland M. , von Delius Stefan , Eckel Florian
Published: September 2018

Background Use of a side-viewing endoscope is currently mandatory to examine the major duodenal papilla; however, previous studies have used cap-assisted endoscopy for complete examination of the papilla. The aim of this study was to compare cap-assisted endoscopy with side-viewing endoscopy for examination of the major duodenal papilla.

Methods This was a prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled, noninferiority crossover study. Patients were randomized to undergo either side-viewing endoscopy followed by cap-assisted endoscopy or cap-assisted endoscopy followed by side-viewing endoscope. Photographs of the major duodenal papilla were digitally edited to mask the cap area before they were evaluated by three blinded external examiners. Our primary end point was complete visualization of the major duodenal papilla. Secondary end points were the ability to examine the mucosal pattern, the overview of the periampullary region, overall satisfaction, and time to locate the papilla.

Results 62 patients completed the study. Complete visualization of the major duodenal papilla was achieved in 60 examinations by side-viewing endoscopy and in 59 by cap-assisted endoscopy (97 % vs. 95 %). The difference between the two examinations was 1.6 % with a two-sided 95 % confidence interval of −4.0 % to 7.3 %, which did not exceed the noninferiority margin of 8 %. Cap-assisted endoscopy achieved better scores regarding the examination of mucosal pattern and overall satisfaction, whereas side-viewing endoscopy had a better overview score (P < 0.001, P = 0.004, and P < 0.001, respectively). There was no relevant difference in the median times to locate the major duodenal papilla.

Conclusion Cap-assisted endoscopy and side-viewing endoscopy had similar success rates for complete visualization of the major duodenal papilla. Cap-assisted endoscopy is superior to side-viewing endoscopy regarding the mucosal pattern and overall satisfaction. Side-viewing endoscopy gives a better overview of the periampullary region.
Wann sollte man die Immunsuppression nach Ende der Nierentransplantatfunktion absetzen?
Authors: Tölle Markus
Published: September 2018

In den nächsten Jahren wird bei vielen Patienten über eine zweite, dritte oder auch vierte Nierentransplantation nachgedacht werden, da die initialen
Transplantate nach längerer oder kürzerer Funktion nicht mehr ausreichend entgiften und damit erneut eine maschinelle Nierenersatztherapie notwendig ist. Auch
wenn das transplantierte Organ nicht mehr ausreichend funktionstüchtig ist, bleibt es ein Fremdkörper, kann weiterhin vom Körper als ‚fremd‘ erkannt und damit
auch abgestoßen werden. Dies wiederum kann massive Komplikationen für betroffene Patienten nach sich ziehen. Auf der anderen Seite ist eine Immunsuppression
durchaus mit kardiovaskulären, infektiologischen, aber auch mit malignen Risiken für den Patienten unter einer maschinellen Nierenersatztherapie verbunden.
Damit stellt sich dem behandelnden Arzt bei einem versagenden Transplantat immer die Frage, wie mittelfristig mit der verwendeten immunsuppressiven Behandlung
umgegangen werden sollte.