bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emperor Nicholas II, the Council of Ministers and the Problem of the Appointment of Prince F.F. Yusupov as Moscow Governor-General in May—September 1915
Authors: Kulikov Sergey
Published: July 2024

The article deals with such an important problem as the real correlation of the Emperor and the Council of Ministers when conducting the highest personnel policy on the ground, for example, solving the issue of appointing Prince F.F. Yusupov as Moscow Governor-General in May-September 1915. In parallel, a comparison is made of the records of the Assistant Chief of the Chancellery of the Council of Ministers A.N. Yakhontov on the subject of their conditionality of the expanded version of the records published by Yakhontov under the title “Hard Days”.
The Partisan Movement on the Territory of Western Belarus and Eastern Poland in 1939—1944 and Its Assessment by Modern Historians
Authors: Сhernyshev Sergey
Published: July 2024

The work is devoted to the partisan movement on the territory of the western regions of Belarus and modern Eastern Poland in 1939-1944. The national and social composition of the fighters of the armed formations of the partisans is characterized. The article describes the participation of Polish detachments of the Home Army, Slovak, German and Jewish anti-fascists in the guerrilla war. The facts of the frontline battles of those years are noted, examples of the effectiveness and activity of partisan formations are given.
Education in Ancient India as a Possible Inspiration for the Future
Authors: Batarelo Kokić Ivana , Kokić Tonći
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the key values determined for instruction in the ancient India educational system and how the great cultural achievements of Indian culture were passed down through the generations within the educational system. Getting to know: (1) the values in ancient Indian culture and (2) the structure of the ancient Indian education system reveals the fundamental premises of Indian culture and the method of their transfer. The researchers attempted to answer three questions using the comparative method of juxtaposition: (1) on the limitations of egalitarian policies, (2) the current status of the Indian education system with regard to educational opportunities for underprivileged groups, and (3) existing affirmative actions for students from different social groups. In addition, the contemporary educational system characteristics shaped by the global/post-colonial educational policy are put in a comparative relationship, according to the status of the educational system in India and the value transfer system of the Indian educational tradition.
A Study on the Reality and Artistic Value of Realistic Photography
Authors: Choi Jeongho , Kim Dukhwan ,   Asia-Europe Perspective Association
Published: July 2024

This study explores the essence and evolution of photographic art, focusing on the debate surrounding the reality and artistic value of realistic photography. It examines the progression of photography from a mere recording tool to an independent art form and analyzes how the advent of the digital age has expanded the modes of expression and artistic value of photography. The study systematically reviews the technological advancements and artistic expressions from the invention of early photography to modern digital photography.
The study emphasizes that the reality of photography is not a simple replication of reality but a reconstructed reality through the photographer’s subjective interpretation and creative intervention. Based on Susan Sontag's theories, it discusses the social, cultural, and personal interpretations of photographic images and explores the impact of digital technology on the truthfulness and ethics of photography.
The significance of this study lies in its reevaluation of the artistic value of photography and the presentation of new artistic possibilities in the digital age. It suggests the integration of factual accuracy and creativity, the delivery of social messages, and the creative use of digital technology as essential for the advancement of photographic art. It also highlights the importance of comprehensive photography education.
In conclusion, the artistic value of realistic photography can be secured through the harmony of factual accuracy and creativity. Continuous exploration of new artistic possibilities, reflecting the changes brought by the digital era, is essential. Through this, photographic art will evolve into richer and more diverse forms, playing a crucial role in conveying social messages.
Greening our future: cultural policy and the ecological imperative
Authors: Rodrigues Vânia
Published: July 2024

What is it exactly about the quest to ‘green' the performing arts that so fundamentally challenges the sector’s modi operandi? A sense of urgency around climate change and ecological degradation is informing profound changes in the way the arts field sees itself and slowly inducing a discussion on the sustainability of its working practices. However, despite the undeniable planetary emergency, the lumping together of environmental issues and cultural policy and management frameworks remains complex and controversial, especially if considered from the perspective of the European semi-peripheries. By exploring the preliminary results of a nation-wide inquiry among 140 performing arts regularly funded organisations based in Portugal, this paper discusses the implications of the overarching challenge of environmental sustainability for cultural policymaking and arts management, seeking to contribute to a more nuanced and context-sensitive understanding of the ‘green transition’.
Differences in glucose control are associated with altered reward learning
Authors: Fleming Hugo Alexander , Stasiak Martyna , Lau Isabel Hei Wing , Whines Annalise , Nord Camilla
Published: July 2024

Signals from the body profoundly influence cognition. This process is known as interoception, and has been extensively studied in the cardiac, respiratory, and gastric domains; in contrast, metabolic influences remain much more poorly understood. Here, we focus on the link between glucose regulation and cognition, motivated by the observation that there is substantial, unexplained comorbidity between type-2 diabetes and depression. In rodents, insulin modulates dopamine signalling in the brain, but how this translates to humans is unknown. Based on this prior work, we hypothesised that differences in insulin sensitivity might be associated with altered reward learning. To test this hypothesis, we recruited 48 participants drawn from the general population, who each completed a glucose tolerance test (a measure of insulin sensitivity), a monetary reward learning task, and several mental health questionnaires. We discovered that poorer glucose control is associated with greater reliance on recent rewards during learning. We also found that poorer glucose control and greater reliance on recent rewards both predict higher depression symptoms. Together, our results identify a specific neurocognitive process, reward learning, by which metabolic information may influence cognition, and which may explain the link between metabolic diseases like type-2 diabetes and depression.
Reasoning goals and representational decisions in computational cognitive neuroscience: lessons from the drift diffusion model
Authors: Khoudary Ari , Peters Megan , Bornstein Aaron
Published: July 2024

Computational cognitive models are powerful tools for enhancing the quantitative and theoretical rigor of cognitive neuroscience. It is thus imperative that model users—researchers who develop models, use existing models, or integrate model-based findings into their own research—understand how these tools work and what factors need to be considered when engaging with them. To this end, we have developed a philosophical toolkit that address core questions about computational cognitive models in the brain and behavioral sciences. Drawing on recent advances in philosophy of modeling, we highlight the central role of model users’ reasoning goals in the application and interpretation of formal models. We demonstrate the utility of this perspective by first offering a philosophical introduction to the highly popular drift diffusion model (DDM) and then providing a novel conceptual analysis of a long-standing debate within that model’s literature. Contrary to most existing work, our analysis suggests that the two models implicated in the debate offer complementary—rather than competing—explanations of speeded choice behavior. We achieve this by first explicating the role of optimality in model-based explanations, and then demonstrating how the two different models reflect different commitments to optimality explanations. We use these insights to offer a principled heuristic for when to use one form versus the other, before concluding with a critical appraisal of reasoning goals in formal model comparison. Altogether, we demonstrate the conceptual and practical utility of philosophy for inspiring new directions in brain and behavioral research.
With the power of the inner eyes: The Late Positive Potential during mental time travel through positive and negative experiences. An event-related potential study.
Authors: Pillny Matthias , Härpfer Kai , Carsten Hannes Per , Lincoln Tania Marie , Riesel Anja
Published: July 2024

Mental time travel utilizes mental imagery to recollect past experiences and to prospect hypothetical future events. This elicits anticipatory affect responses that are pivotal to motivate goal-directed behavior towards pleasurable and away from threatening experiences. However, the temporal dynamics of neural, physiological and affective processing of mental time travel remain elusive. Here, we aimed to examine the Late Positive Potential (LPP), skin conductance responses (SCR) and behavioral affect ratings in response to mental time travel through emotionally salient experiences. Forty-eight participants (52% females) viewed 16 neutral, positive, and negative stimuli from the International Affective Picture System (‘encoding task’). Participants then imagined each stimulus as vividly as possible (‘recall task’) and experiencing each situation after leaving the laboratory (‘prospection task’). Results showed significantly potentiated electrocortical activity in the LPP in response to recalling negative and prospecting positive stimuli. Behavioral ratings also showed a significant potentiation of self-reported positive and negative affect and arousal in response to both recalling and prospecting positive as well as negative stimuli. SCR amplitudes were not significantly associated with recalling or prospecting these experiences. Our findings suggest that the retrieval and prospection of emotionally salient experiences are associated with neural anticipatory responses in the LPP. This could reflect a neural mechanism that facilitates affective responses to mental representations of emotional stimuli, thereby guiding goal-directed behavior. Future studies should compare clinical to non-clinical groups in this context to illuminate the mechanisms of aberrant mental time travel and emotional disturbances in psychopathology.
Instrumental music training relates to intensity assessment but not emotional prosody recognition in Mandarin
Authors: Jiang Jun , Liu Mengting , Teng Xiangbin
Published: July 2024

Building on research demonstrating the benefits of music training for emotional prosody recognition in nontonal languages, this study delves into its unexplored influence on tonal languages. In these languages, the acoustic similarity between lexical tones and music, and the dual role of pitch in conveying lexical and affective meanings, create a unique interplay. We evaluated 72 participants: half with extensive instrumental music training and the other half demographically matched controls. All participants completed an online test comprising 210 Chinese pseudosentences designed to express happiness, sadness, fear, anger, or neutrality. Our robust statistical analyses, incorporating effect size estimates and Bayesian factors, revealed that music and nonmusic groups exhibit similar abilities in identifying the emotional prosody of various emotions. However, compared to the nonmusic group, the music group attributed higher intensity ratings to emotional prosodies of happiness, fear, and anger. These findings suggest that while instrumental music training is not related to emotional prosody recognition, it does appear to be related to perceived emotional intensity. This dissociation between emotion recognition and intensity evaluation adds a new piece to the puzzle of the complex relationship between music training and emotion perception in tonal languages.
When Thinking About Themselves and God, People Believe Truth Matters More than Control
Authors: Nakkawita Emily , Heiphetz Larisa , Higgins E. Tory
Published: July 2024

People are fundamentally motivated to feel effective in the domains of both control (i.e., managing what happens in their lives) and truth (i.e., establishing what is real and right). However, previous research has not established whether individuals typically possess lay theories that either of these motives predominates over the other. Although major psychological theories historically have emphasized the primary importance of control, we found converging evidence across five studies that individuals tend to believe that truth (versus control) predominates. Participants reported believing that truth-oriented motives and goal pursuit activities are more important than control-oriented motives and goal pursuit activities. Furthermore, this prioritization of truth extended to another aspect of individuals’ core beliefs—their conceptualizations of God, whose omniscience (versus omnipotence) they saw as more central. These truth-dominant tendencies persisted even when assessed using implicit measures that probed which of the two motives participants more strongly associated with me (versus not me) as well as with God. Finally, a preregistered replication study found a consistent pattern of truth (versus control) motive predominance among adults from both the United States and India, cultures that differ on a number of motivation measures. These findings contribute to literatures on motivation and the cognitive science of religion by providing new insight into individuals’ lay theories about the relative importance of these two fundamental human motives to themselves and to God.
The state of the Mental Health related conditions among the Scheduled Tribes and the Culture-Specific approaches and methods they apply for the Management of such conditions: A Bibliographic essay catering to the contemporary trends in Mental Health research in India.
Authors: Ghosh Roy Kaustav , Roy Akash Ghosh
Published: July 2024

The World Health Organization has defined „Health‟ as “a state of complete physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. The concept of mental health includes subjective well-being, perception of self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, and recognition of one's ability to realize one's intellectual and emotional potential. It is also defined as a state of well-being in which individuals realize their abilities or are able to cope with the stresses of normal life, be productive at work, and contribute effectively to their communities.India is home to the largest tribal populations in the world with 8.6% of the total population belonging to Scheduled Tribes forming 705 tribal groups across India, a signifiacant section of which are suffering from a multitude of mental health issues. This article narrates the state of the mental health conditions pervading inside the tribal groups across India and their ability to cope with the emerging trends and issues responsible for the increase in cases of mental health problems. Tribal communities are not immune from the clutches of mental illness and the unique cultures of each tribal society have shaped their own understanding of mental illness and the strategies for its treatment/management. Further, it is observed that the decisions and choices taken by the authorities catering to the wider arena of mental health issues, which were imposed on the tribal groups without consulting their prerogatives and social proclivities, have led to a state of social-emotional distress and lethargy in terms of the treatment seeking behaviour.
Senior Universities: inclusion or reproduction?
Authors: Baigorri Artemio , Caballero Manuela
Published: July 2024

Over the past two decades, nearly all Spanish public universities, and a signif-icant number of private universities, have endeavored to develop and promote Universities for Older Adults, known by various names. Furthermore, within institutions such as universities, there has been a rise in interdisciplinary research on education and related publications. This has led to the development of a distinct subfield within the educational system, with its own language, roles, and structures. It is important to note that this subfield holds a significant amount of power. Both universities and regional governments allocate funds, infrastructure, and human resources to these programs. It is important to note that this statement is subjective and lacks evidence to support the claim of 'generous' funding.
Canine Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Evaluating PGAM5 and Heterobilharzia americana
Authors:   , Devora Priscilla
Published: July 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer in humans and domestic dogs. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms that drive HCC carcinogenesis and perpetuate cancer survival are incompletely understood in both species. The work described herein focused on finding similarities between canine and human HCC, which could be harnessed to benefit humans and dogs with cancer. The first aim was to investigate the expression of phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) in canine HCC. Upregulation of PGAM5 is a negative prognostic indicator in human HCC. Using archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples, we found that PGAM5 was overexpressed in canine HCC (n = 37) compared to peritumoral tissue (n = 21, p < 0.0001) and normal liver (n = 12, p = 0.0306). Our second aim was to determine if schistosomiasis was a risk factor for HCC in dogs as it is in humans. The specific pathogenesis of fluke-induced cancer is an avid area of research. Using the Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory database, we determined that infection with the canine schistosome, Heterobilharzia americana (0.5%, 15/3,014 positive cases per canine liver submissions), increased the odds of HCC by a factor of 6.25 (95% confidence interval [1.39, 28.2], p = 0.017) compared to dogs without Heterobilharzia infection. We subsequently performed a prospective study to define the regional infection rate of asymptomatic dogs and found that H. americana was identified in 0.9% (1/111) of dogs. Because schistosome-induced cancer has been correlated to alterations in the liver immune microenvironment in humans, we optimized RNAscope to label H. americana in histology samples. This tool will be used to study the immunophenotype of canine schistosomiasis.
Estrategias para la prevención de la violencia institucional contra la mujer en la atención obstétrica
Authors: Guevara-Ríos Enrique
Published: July 2024

La violencia institucional contra la mujer en la atención obstétrica es una violaciónde los derechos humanos que empezó a visibilizarse a partir de los estudios de lacalidad de atención del embarazo, parto y puerperio. Esta violencia contra la mujerse presenta en todos los países del mundo y tiene graves consecuencias para la saludde las mujeres. Las estrategias para prevenir este problema incluyen una políticade estado para el respeto de los derechos humanos y, por lo tanto, los derechosreproductivos de las gestantes durante su embarazo; la educación en salud sexualintegral de los escolares; la formación de los estudiantes de las ciencias de la salud enlas universidades, con un enfoque de género y de respeto a los derechos humanos;la inclusión en el currículo de estudios de posgrado de ginecología y obstetricia,cursos de salud sexual y salud reproductiva; la capacitación del personal de saludde los servicios de obstetricia en el trato respetuoso de las gestantes; realizarinvestigaciones sobre el tema que permitan llevar a cabo procesos de mejora en laatención obstétrica; y que la Sociedad Peruana de Obstetricia y Ginecología continúepromoviendo el respeto y el buen trato que deben recibir las gestantes, como unaestrategia importante para mejorar la salud de las mujeres en el Perú.
Quba’ Mosque in the Works of Early Muslim Visitors and Scholars
Authors: Spahic Omer
Published: July 2024

This article discusses the religiosity, historicity and architecturality of the Quba’ mosque in the holy city of Madinah. It does so through the literary works of the early Muslim visitors and scholars. The discussion covers the timespan from the earliest periods of the Islamic presence in the Prophet’s city till the age al-Samahudi whose scholarly contributions stand for the embodiment of the Islamic classicism in Madinah, and also the age and contributions of Abu Salim al-Ayyashi whose case signified a transition from the Islamic classical times to the premodern ones. The primary sources consulted for the article were of two kinds: the classical history writings about Madinah, and an array of travel and exploration literature. The research method adopted is a combination of descriptive and historical interpretation as well as analysis.
The Obligatory Roles and Responsibilities of Teachers on Learner Discipline, Case of Selected Schools in Nylstroom Circuit
Authors: Sithole Lm , Ngobeni Elias Tsakane , Phage Itumeleng
Published: July 2024

Disciplinary measures and learner safety are critical components of effective teaching and learning. Lack of discipline has become a major problem in schools. The abolishment of corporal punishment led to an increase in violent incidents in schools. This study aims to provide educators with useful guidelines to help them understand their roles when instilling discipline in schools and to ensure learners have a clear understanding of the difference between discipline and corporal punishment. The study followed a qualitative research approach in exploring human elements and behavior. Interviews, observations, field notes, and questionnaires were used to collect data, with a case study design. The population consists of principals, disciplinary committee members, educators, and learners from three high schools. We used a purposive sampling method, selecting three members from each of the three schools. We used Skinner's behavioral theory model, which attempts to explain how repeated behavior with rewards alters bad behavior. We applied grounded theory, a method that employs inductive reasoning for data analysis. The study found that teachers, accustomed to the banned use of corporal punishment for discipline, find it challenging to adjust to new forms of discipline. The study revealed that parents find it difficult to accept the long-standing ban on corporal punishment and attempt to coerce teachers into applying it to their children. The study suggested educating learners about their mistakes and motivating them to avoid ill-discipline. Parents should instill morals and discipline in their children from a young age, as they model discipline and behavior at home.
The Role of Mobile Decoder Flashcards for Students' Learning Outcomes, Islamic Values, and Learning Motivation
Authors: Marzuq Achmad Barik , Fajaroh Fauziatul , Budiasih Endang , Muntholib Muntholib
Published: July 2024

Students, especially Muslims, are encouraged to consume halal and healthy food and tayyib (lawful). However, students faced a problem with how to distinguish good food. The current study aimed to investigate the benefits of using Problem-based learning (PBL) integrated with Islamic values with a decoder as learning media in increasing learning outcomes, Islamic value, and learning motivation for chemistry subjects this paper aims to examine the predictive role of mobile DECODER flash card for learning outcomes, Islamic values and learning motivation on high school students. The research was conducted on a representative sample (N = 120) of students in Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia. Mobile Decoder Flashcards affect Islamic Values and the learning motivation of students. Students with higher Islamic Values are more interested and pay more attention during learning activities. The results of this research confirm that the Mobile DECODER Flashcard positively affects students' Islamic values and learning motivation. This study's findings show a higher score for experimental class students' Islamic values and learning motivation than the control class students' scores.
Pengaruh metode pembelajaran outdoor learning terhadap motivasi belajar IPS kelas IV SD Negeri Rejowinangun Utara 6
Authors: Febiyani Putri , Wardana Aditya Eska , Wijayanto Sukma
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode outdoor learning terhadap motivasi belajar IPS siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Rejowinangun Utara 6. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian Pra eksperimen dengan model One Group Pretest Posttest Design. Subjek penelitian dipilih menggunakan total sampling. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 25 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan angket. Uji validitas menggunakan validitas isi yang dilakukan dengan validator berupa dosen dan guru kelas. Uji prasyarat analisis terdiri dari uji normalitas menggunakan bantuan SPSS Statistic for windows 25.0. Analisis data menggunakan teknik statistik parametrik yaitu Uji Pired Sample T-Test   berbantuan program IBM Statistic for windows SPSS 25.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode outdoor learning berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi belajar pada mata pelajaran IPS. Hal ini dibuktikan dari hasil analisis Uji Pired Sample T-Test   dengan probabilitas nilai sig (2-tailed) 0,000 < 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan, terdapat perbedaan skor yaitu 7,72 dari rata-rata pretest sebesar 73.08 dan posttest sebesar 80,8. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metode outdoor learning berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi belajar IPS
Financial behavior on Investment and Financing Decision in Indonesian SME
Authors: Purwidianti Wida , Rahmawati Ika Yustina , Mujirahayu Tri Septin , Fakhruddin Iwan
Published: July 2024

The SME sector experienced a decline in financial performance during the pandemic. In addition, there are changes in SME owners' financial behavior, which impact financial decision-making. The financial behavior of SME owners can be seen in risk attitudes, mental accounting, and overconfidence. This study explores the relationship between risk attitudes, mental accounting, and overconfidence in investment and financing decisions. This study took the population of UKM owners in Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.. The sample used in the study amounted to 116 SME owners. The results provide empirical evidence that risk attitudes and mental accounting have not significantly influenced investment decisions. Overconfidence can improve the investment decisions of SME owners. The results of the study confirm that lower-risk attitudes will have an impact on enhancing financing decisions. A high level of mental accounting will result in better financing decisions. Overconfidence does not influence financing decisions.
Promising markers of neuroinflammation in schizophrenia
Authors: Sakharov A. V. , Golygina S. E.
Published: July 2024

There is no single model for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, but neuroinflammation is considered a key mechanism in the development of this disease. The aim of the study: to analyze and summarize the literature data on the role of neuroinflammation markers in schizophrenia. Using the keywords “neuroinflammation”, “cytokines”, “chemokines”, “microcirculation”, “microglia”, “neurodestruction”, “schizophrenia”, articles for the period 1990–2003 in the PubMed and e-Library.ru databases were searched. The review discusses an integrated approach to the concept of neuroinflammation in schizophrenia, taking into account known and promising markers. Studies, including those of the authors of the article, indicate a significant role of microcirculation disorders and endothelial dysfunction, cytokines and chemokines, neurodestruction in the mechanisms of development and course of schizophrenia. The presented results require more detailed development to establish new neurobiological and pathogenetic functions of neuroinflammation in schizophrenia.
Dynamics of ratios of prolactin and hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary thyroid axis in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Gorobets L. N. , Litvinov A. V. , Bulanov V. S.
Published: July 2024

In 70 examined patients – 34 with the first psychotic episode (FPE) and 36 with chronic schizophrenia (CS), a dynamic study of the parameters of prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) free during olanzapine therapy was carried out. 52.9% of patients with FPE had background hyperprolactinemia (HP) with mean values of 971.1 ± 420 mIU/l, and in the group with CS, in 50% of patients (mean prolactin values were 1131 ± 845.4 mIU/l). In 11.8% of patients with FPE and in 16.6% of patients with CS, the level of T4 free was below the standard values (mean values: 7.5 ± 0.3 pmol/l and 8.0 ± 0.8 pmol/l, respectively). TSH parameters in patients with FPE were within the reference values. Elevated background levels of TSH in patients with CS were observed in 11.1% of cases (4.8 ± 0.7 mIU/ml). By 6–8 weeks, an increase in mean PRL values was observed in all patients. Fluctuations in thyroid hormone levels by the end of therapy were insignificant. Four variants of dynamic changes in PRL and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis hormones in patients during olanzapine therapy were identified. The relationship between PRL and thyroid hormones is discussed. The data obtained dictate the need to study the characteristics of the ratio of the levels of these hormones before the start of antipsychotic therapy (AT) in order to detect hypothyroidism and HP early, as well as to prevent the development of these hormonal dysfunctions in the process of AT and confirm the need to assess the levels of PRL and HPT-axis hormones in patients with FPE and CS before the start of the appointment of AT.
Stress influences and cognitive activity: search for targets and general mechanisms using Drosophila mutants
Authors: Karovetskaya D. M. , Medvedeva A. V. , Tokmacheva E. V. , Vasilyeva S. A. , Rebrova A. V. , Nikitina E. A. , Shchegolev B. F. , Savvateeva-Popova E. V.
Published: July 2024

According to modern concepts, biochemical cascades activated in response to stress impacts also contribute to cognitive functions, such as learning and memory formation. Considering a conditioned reflex as an adaptation to the external environment, one can assume its occurrence as a reaction to external challenges, which, when reinforced, contribute to the formation of a conditioned connection, and in the absence, cause the development of a stress response. The metabolic activity of the body is inextricably linked with circadian rhythms, which determine the daily fluctuations in light, temperature, oxygen content and magnetic field. The integration of these timers is carried out by a protein of the cryptochrome family (CRY), which functions as a blue light receptor and is known as a repressor of the main circadian transcription complex CLOCK/BMAL1. In order to develop methods for non-invasive correction of pathologies of the nervous system on a model object of genetics – Drosophila using mutant lines, the relationship between adaptive mechanisms for the formation of a conditioned connection and the development of a stress response to a weakening of the magnetic field, hypoxic and temperature effects is studied. The data are discussed in light of the role of the CRY/CLOCK/BMAL1 system as a link in magnetoreception, hypoxia, circadian rhythm regulation, cognitive functions, and DNA double-strand breaks in nerve ganglia (an indicator of the physiological activity of neurons).
Extracellular vesicles secreted by the ТНР-1 cells influence on the inflammation gene expression in zebrafish
Authors: Sambur D. B. , Kalinina O. V. , Aquino A. D. , Tirikova P. V. , Migunova M. A. , Koroleva E. E. , Trulyov A. S. , Rubinshtein A. A. , Kudryavtsev I. V. , Golovkin A. S.
Published: July 2024

Extracellular vesicles secreted by immune cells may play a significant role in the initiation, maintenance, and progression of systemic inflammation. The aim of the study was to investigate the regulatory effect of extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by activated monocyte-like THP-1 cells on expression levels of inflammatory genes in a zebrafish. Real-time PCR analysis was performed to investigate the relative expression levels of il-1β, il-6, tnf-α, ifn-γ, mpeg1.1, mpeg1.2, mpx, and il-10 genes in the brain, liver, and heart of zebrafish followed by intracelomic injection of EVs produced by THP-1 cells activated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) at different concentrations. EVs, secreted by activated THP-1 cells with TNF at a concentration of 10 ng/mL and PMA at concentrations of 16 and 50 ng/mL, reduced the expression levels of il-1β, ifn-γ, tnf-α, mpx, mpeg1.1, mpeg1.2, and IL-10 genes in the brain, heart and liver of Danio rerio. Wherein, EVs secreted by THP-1 cells treated with TNF at doses of 10 and 20 ng/ml had opposite effects on the gene expression levels of il-1β in the brain, il-1β, il-10, and il-6 in the heart; on il-1β, il-10, mpx, and mpeg1.2 in the liver. EVs secreted by THP-1 cells treated with PMA at doses of 16 and 50 ng/ml had opposite effects on the expression levels of il-6 and il-10 genes in the heart and ifn-γ gene in the liver. EVs, produced by activated THP-1 cells have a systemic effect on Danio rerio manifested in a changing of the expression level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes in the brain, liver, and heart. The qualitative composition of the EVs produced by activate THP-1 cells varies depending on the type and dose of the used stimulus, that reflects on strength and direction of the effects detected in vivo.
ANALISIS KEPUASAN PELANGGAN TERHADAP PELAYANAN JASA KERETA API PRIORITY (JAKARTA – SURABAYA) MENGGUNAKAN METODE IMPORTANCE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
Authors: Rizaldi Fikri Mohamad , Wirakanda Gugum Gumilang , Pringgabayu Dematria
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kepuasan pelanggan terhadap pelayanan jasa Kereta Api Priority yang menghubungkan Jakarta dengan Surabaya menggunakan metode Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). PT Kereta Api Pariwisata (KAI Wisata) sebagai perusahaan penyedia layanan ini ingin mengevaluasi kualitas pelayanannya serta mendapatkan informasi mengenai atribut pelayanan yang dianggap penting oleh pelanggan dan sejauh mana kinerja perusahaan dalam memenuhi harapan tersebut. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah pelanggan KAI Wisata yang menggunakan layanan Kereta Api Priority, dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 90 orang. Data yang diperoleh dari penyebaran kuesioner kepada pelanggan diolah menggunakan metode Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) untuk memetakan atribut-atribut layanan berdasarkan kepentingan dan kinerjanya. Hasil analisis tersebut memberikan gambaran mengenai atribut layanan yang dianggap penting oleh pelanggan namun memiliki kinerja perusahaan yang rendah. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga memberikan informasi mengenai atribut-atribut yang memiliki tingkat kepuasan pelanggan yang tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa atribut pelayanan yang dianggap penting oleh pelanggan dan memerlukan perbaikan dalam kinerjanya. Dengan demikian, perusahaan dapat menggunakan hasil analisis ini sebagai panduan untuk merencanakan strategi perbaikan dan peningkatan layanan agar dapat meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan. Penelitian ini juga berkontribusi dalam menjaga daya saing PT Kereta Api Pariwisata di industri pariwisata dan memperkuat citra perusahaan di mata pelanggan
Existence and non-existence results to a mixed anisotropic Schrödinger system in a plane
Authors: Hajaiej Hichem , Kumar Rohit , Mukherjee Tuhina , Song Linjie
Published: July 2024

This article focuses on the existence and non-existence of solutions for the following system of local and nonlocal type − ∂ x x u + ( − Δ ) y s 1 u + u − u 2 s 1 − 1 = κ α h ( x , y ) u α − 1 v β in  R 2 , − ∂ x x v + ( − Δ ) y s 2 v + v − v 2 s 2 − 1 = κ β h ( x , y ) u α v β − 1 in  R 2 , u , v ⩾ 0 in  R 2 , where s 1 , s 2 ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) , α, β > 1, α + β ⩽ min { 2 s 1 , 2 s 2 }, and 2 s i = 2 ( 1 + s i ) 1 − s i , i = 1 , 2. The existence of a ground state solution entirely depends on the behaviour of the parameter κ > 0 and on the function h. In this article, we prove that a ground state solution exists in the subcritical case if κ is large enough and h satisfies (H). Further, if κ becomes very small, then there is no solution to our system. The study of the critical case, i.e., s 1 = s 2 = s, α + β = 2 s , is more complex, and the solution exists only for large κ and radial h satisfying (H1). Finally, we establish a Pohozaev identity which enables us to prove the non-existence results under some smooth assumptions on h.
Asymptotic expansion of thick distributions II
Authors: Ding Jiajia , Estrada Ricardo , Yang Yunyun
Published: July 2024

In this article we continue our research in (Yang and Estrada in Asymptot. Anal. 95(1–2) (2015) 1–19), about the asymptotic expansion of thick distributions. We compute more examples of asymptotic expansion of integral transforms using the techniques developed in (Yang and Estrada in Asymptot. Anal. 95(1–2) (2015) 1–19). Besides, we derive a new “Laplace Formula” for the situation in which a point singularity is allowed.
Synthesis and antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against multi-drug resistant bacteria
Authors: Xie Na
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: The emergence of the global problem of multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDR) is closely related to the improper use of antibiotics, which gives birth to an urgent need for antimicrobial innovation in the medical and health field. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) show significant antibacterial potential because of their unique physical and chemical properties. By accurately regulating the morphology, size and surface properties of AgNPs, the antibacterial properties of AgNPs can be effectively enhanced and become a next generation antibacterial material with great development potential. OBJECTIVE: The detection of the inhibitory effect of AgNPs on MDR provides more possibilities for the research and development of new antimicrobial agents. METHODS: Promote the formation of AgNPs by redox reaction; determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgNPs to bacteria by broth microdilution method; evaluate the killing efficacy of AgNPs against multi-drug-resistant bacteria by plate counting; evaluate the inhibitory effect of AgNPs on biofilm construction by crystal violet staining; study the drug resistance of bacteria by gradually increasing the concentration of AgNPs; and detect the toxicity of AgNPs to cells by CCK-8 method. RESULTS: AgNPs has a significant bactericidal effect on a variety of drug-resistant bacteria. After exposure to AgNPs solution for 12 hours, the number of E. coli decreased sharply, and S. aureus was basically eliminated after 16 hours. In particular, AgNPs showed stronger inhibition against Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, AgNPs can effectively hinder the formation of bacterial biofilm, and its inhibitory effect increases with the increase of AgNPs solution concentration. When AgNPs is used for a long time, the development of bacterial resistance to it is slow. From the point of view of safety, AgNPs has no harmful effects on organisms and has biosafety. CONCLUSION: AgNPs can inhibit MDR, and the bacteriostatic ability of Gram-negative bacteria is higher than that of Gram-positive bacteria. It can also inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilm, avoid drug resistance and reduce cytotoxicity.
Spatial preference behavior of robo-pigeons induced by electrical stimulus targeting fear nuclei
Authors: Ping Yanna , Peng Huanhuan , Zhu Yongjun , Feng Yuhao , Zhang Yexin , Qi Xiaomin , Liu Xinyu
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have confirmed that stimulating the mid-brain motor nuclei can regulate movement forcibly for robo-pigeons, but research on behavior modulation using non-motor nuclei is scarce. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we constructed a spatial preference behavior by stimulating the stratum griseum periventriculare (SGP), a nucleus correlated with fear and escape, for robo-pigeons. METHODS: The study was carried out in a square-enclosed experimental field, with a designated box serving as the ‘safe’ area for the robo-pigeons. If the robo-pigeon exits this area, the SGP will be stimulated. After a brief training period, the robo-pigeons will have a clear spatial preference for the box. RESULTS: The result from five pigeons has shown that, after simple training, the animals develop a spatial preference for the box. They can quickly return to the box in any situation when the SGP is stimulated, with a success rate exceeding 80% (89.0 ± 6.5%). Moreover, this behavior is highly stable and remains consistent, unaffected by changes in the location of the box or the interference box. CONCLUSION: The results prove that using the electrical stimulus could enable animals to accomplish more complex tasks. It may offer a novel approach to regulating pigeon behavior and further advance the study of cyborg animals.
Protective effects of Ruscus extract in combination with ascorbic acid and hesperidine methylchalcone on increased leukocyte-endothelial interaction and macromolecular permeability induced by ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: de Souza Maria das Graças C. , Cyrino Fatima Z.G.A. , Bouskela Eliete
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

Despite the well-recognized effectiveness of Ruscus aculetus extract combined or not with ascorbic acid (AA) and hesperidine methyl chalcone (HMC) on ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury protection, little is known about the contribution of each constituent for this effect.

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the effects of AA and HMC combined or not with Ruscus extract on increased macromolecular permeability and leukocyte-endothelium interaction induced by I/R injury.

METHODS:

Hamsters were treated daily during two weeks with filtered water (placebo), AA (33, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day) and HMC (50, 150 and 450 mg/kg/day) combined or not with Ruscus extract (50, 150 and 450 mg/kg/day). On the day of experiment, the cheek pouch microcirculation underwent 30 min of ischemia, and the number of rolling and adherent leukocytes and leaky sites were evaluated before ischemia and during 45 min of reperfusion.

RESULTS:

Ruscus extract combined with AA and HMC ( Ruscus extract mixture) significantly prevented post-ischemic increase in leukocyte rolling and adhesion and macromolecular permeability compared to placebo and these effects were more prominent than AA and HMC alone on leukocyte adhesion and macromolecular leakage.

CONCLUSION:

Ruscus extract mixture were more effective than its isolated constituents in protect the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation against I/R injury.
The Case of the Cookie Jar: Differences in Typical Language Use in Dementia
Authors: Fromm Davida , Dalton Sarah Grace , Brick Alexander , Olaiya Gbenuola , Hill Sophia , Greenhouse Joel , MacWhinney Brian
Published: July 2024

Background:

Findings from language sample analyses can provide efficient and effective indicators of cognitive impairment in older adults.

Objective:

This study used newly automated core lexicon analyses of Cookie Theft picture descriptions to assess differences in typical use across three groups.

Methods:

Participants included adults without diagnosed cognitive impairments (Control), adults diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (ProbableAD), and adults diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Cookie Theft picture descriptions were transcribed and analyzed using CLAN.

Results:

Results showed that the ProbableAD group used significantly fewer core lexicon words overall than the MCI and Control groups. For core lexicon content words (nouns, verbs), however, both the MCI and ProbableAD groups produced significantly fewer words than the Control group. The groups did not differ in their use of core lexicon function words. The ProbableAD group was also slower to produce most of the core lexicon words than the MCI and Control groups. The MCI group was slower than the Control group for only two of the core lexicon content words. All groups mentioned a core lexicon word in the top left quadrant of the picture early in the description. The ProbableAD group was then significantly slower than the other groups to mention a core lexicon word in the other quadrants.

Conclusions:

This standard and simple-to-administer task reveals group differences in overall core lexicon scores and the amount of time until the speaker produces the key items. Clinicians and researchers can use these tools for both early assessment and measurement of change over time.
Screening Targets and Therapeutic Drugs for Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Deep Learning Model and Molecular Docking
Authors: Zhang Ya-Hong , Zhao Pu , Gao Hui-Ling , Zhong Man-Li , Li Jia-Yi
Published: July 2024

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a complex interplay of various factors. However, a satisfactory cure for AD remains elusive. Pharmacological interventions based on drug targets are considered the most cost-effective therapeutic strategy. Therefore, it is paramount to search potential drug targets and drugs for AD.

Objective:

We aimed to provide novel targets and drugs for the treatment of AD employing transcriptomic data of AD and normal control brain tissues from a new perspective.

Methods:

Our study combined the use of a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) with differential expression analysis, variance assessment and molecular docking to screen targets and drugs for AD.

Results:

We identified the seven differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with the most significant variation (ANKRD39, CPLX1, FABP3, GABBR2, GNG3, PPM1E, and WDR49) in transcriptomic data from AD brain. A newly built MLP was used to confirm the association between the seven DEGs and AD, establishing these DEGs as potential drug targets. Drug databases and molecular docking results indicated that arbaclofen, baclofen, clozapine, arbaclofen placarbil, BML-259, BRD-K72883421, and YC-1 had high affinity for GABBR2, and FABP3 bound with oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. Arbaclofen and YC-1 activated GABAB receptor through PI3K/AKT and PKA/CREB pathways, respectively, thereby promoting neuronal anti-apoptotic effect and inhibiting p-tau and Aβ formation.

Conclusions:

This study provided a new strategy for the identification of targets and drugs for the treatment of AD using deep learning. Seven therapeutic targets and ten drugs were selected by using this method, providing new insight for AD treatment.