bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SO42- Deprivation Has an Early Effect on the Content of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase and Photosynthesis in Young Leaves of Wheat
Authors: Gilbert S. M. , Clarkson D. T. , Cambridge M. , Lambers H. , Hawkesford M. J.
Published: October 2016

Wheat (Triticum aestivum cv Chinese Spring) supplied with 0.45 mM SO42- for 14 d with relative growth rates (RGR) of 0.22 to 0.24 d-1 was deprived of S for 7 to 8 d. There was no significant effect on RGR or leaf development (leaf 2 length was constant; leaf 3 expanded for 2–4 d; leaf 4 emerged and elongated throughout the experiment) during the S deprivation. In controls the net assimilation rate (A) closely reflected leaf ontogeny. S deprivation affected A in all leaves, particularly leaf 4, in which A remained at 8 to 10 [mu]mol CO2 m-2 s-1, whereas in controls A rose steadily to >20 [mu]mol CO2 m-2 s-1. In leaf 2, with a fully assembled photosynthetic system, A decreased in S-deprived plants relative to controls only at the end of the experiment. Effects on A were not due to altered stomatal conductance or leaf internal [CO2] ([C]i); decreases in the initial slope of A/[C]i curves indicated an effect of S deprivation on the carboxylase efficiency. Measurement of Rubisco activity and large subunit protein abundance paralleled effects on A and A/[C]i in S-deprived leaves. Negative effects on photosynthesis in S-deprived plants are discussed in relation to mobilization of S reserves, including Rubisco, emphasizing the need for continuous S supply during vegetative growth.
Crystal structures of (5RS)-(Z)-4-[5-(furan-2-yl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid and (5RS)-(Z)-4-[5-(furan-2-yl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid
Authors: Borisova Kseniya K. , Toze Flavien A. A. , Yagafarov Nniyaz Z. , Zubkov Fedor I. , Dorovatovskii Pavel V. , Zubavichus Yan V. , Khrustalev Victor N.
Published: October 2016

The title compounds, C17H14N2O4 (I) and C15H12N2O4S (II), possess very similar molecular geometries. In both molecules, the central 1,3,5-trisubstituted dihydropyrazole ring adopts an envelope conformation. The oxobutenoic acid fragment has an almost planar Z conformation [r.m.s. deviations of 0.049 and 0.022 Å, respectively, for (I) and (II)] which is determined by the both bond conjugation and the strong intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond. The substituents in positions 1 and 3 of the dihydropyrazole ring [oxobutenoic acid and phenyl in (I) and oxobutenoic acid and thienyl in (II)] are nearly coplanar with its basal plane [the corresponding dihedral angles are 6.14 (9) and 2.22 (11)° in (I) and 6.27 (12) and 3.91 (11)° in (II)]. The furyl ring plane is twisted relative to the basal plane of the dihydropyrazole ring by 85.51 (8) and 88.30 (7)° in (I) and (II), respectively. In the crystal of (I), molecules form zigzag hydrogen-bonded chains along [001] by C—H...O hydrogen bonds, which are further packed in stacks along [100]. Unlike (I), the crystal of (II) contains centrosymmetric hydrogen-bonded dimers formed by pairs of C—H...S hydrogen bonds, which are further linked by weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional framework.
Crystal structure of 2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl propanoate
Authors: Ziki Eric , Yoda Jules , Djandé Abdoulaye , Saba Adama , Kakou-Yao Rita
Published: October 2016

In the title compound, C12H10O4, the dihedral angle between the coumarin ring system [maximum deviation = 0.033 (8) Å] and the propionate side chain is 78.48 (8)°. In the crystal, weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds generate inversion dimers and and C—H...π and π–π interactions link the dimers into a three-dimensional network. A quantum chemical calculation is in good agreement with the observed structure.
Crystal structure of bis(μ-4-nitrobenzoato-κ2
O:O′)bis[bis(4-methylpyridine-κN)(4-nitrobenzoato-κ2
O,O′)manganese(II)]
Authors: Bharali Sourav J. , Bora Sanchay J. , Das Birinchi K.
Published: October 2016

The title compound, [Mn2(C7H4NO4)4(C6H7N)4] or [Mn2(μ-NBz)2(κ2-NBz)2(4-Mepy)4], where NBz is 4-nitrobenzoate and 4-Mepy is 4-methylpyridine, is a centrosymmetric dinuclear complex in which the MnII atoms are bridged by two NBz ligands with Mn...Mn = 4.1324 (4) Å. The MnII atom in this dimeric species is present in a distorted octahedral environment with the four coordinating O atoms forming the equatorial plane and the two pyridyl N atoms occupying the axial sites. An important structural feature of the dimeric complex is that each of the bridging carboxylate ligands binds to the metal ions in an asymmetric fashion involving bent and linear Mn—O—C units. The crystal packing is consolidated by C—H...O and C—H...π interactions.
Synthesis and crystal structure of La21Cr8−2a
Al
b
Ge7−b
C12 [a = 0.22 (2) and b = 0.758 (19)]
Authors: Pabla Jaskarun , Janssen Yuri , Simonson Jack W.
Published: October 2016

Single crystals of a new multinary chromium carbide, La21Cr8−2a
Al
b
Ge7−b
C12 (henicosalanthanum octachromium aluminium hexagermanium dodecacarbide), were grown from an La-rich self flux and were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The face-centered cubic crystal structure is composed of isolated and geometrically frustrated regular Cr tetrahedra that are co-centered within regular C octahedra. These mutually separated Cr4−aC6 clusters are distributed throughout a three-dimensional framework of Al, Ge, and La. The title compound is isotypic with La21−δMn8
X
7C12 and R
21Fe8
X
7C12 (R = La, Ce, Pr; X = Al, Bi, Ge, Sn, Sb, Te) and represents the first example of a Cr-based compound with this structure-type.
Diaquatetrakis(dimethyl sulfoxide-κO)cobalt(II) bis[diamminetetrakis(thiocyanato-κN)chromate(III)] dimethyl sulfoxide hexasolvate dihydrate
Authors: Rusanova Julia A. , Dyakonenko Viktoriya V. , Semenaka Valentina V.
Published: October 2016

The solvated title salt, [Co(C2H6OS)4(H2O)2][Cr(NCS)4(NH3)2]·6C2H6OS·2H2O, is build up from a complex [Co(DMSO)4(H2O)2]2+ cation (where DMSO is dimethyl sulfoxide), two Reinecke's Salt anions, i.e. [Cr(NCS)4(NH3)2]−, as the complex counter-ions, together with solvent molecules (six DMSO and two water). The crystal packing consists of a branched three-dimensional system of hydrogen bonds involving the DMSO and water solvent molecules, the S atoms of the thiocyanate ligands, and the coordinating NH3 and H2O molecules.
(Z)-2-(4-{[(E)-2-Hydroxybenzylidene]amino}phenyl)-3-[4-(1,4,7,10-tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecan-13-yl)phenyl]acrylonitrile
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wu Zhi-Chao
Published: October 2016

The title compound, C32H35N3O5, is an important fluorescence probe. It is composed of a 1,4,7,10-tetraoxa-13λ2-azacyclopentadecane unit linked to a twisted (Z)-2-(4-{[(E)-2-hydroxybenzylidene]amino}phenyl)-3-phenylacrylonitrile chain. In the molecule, an O—H...N hydrogen bond forms an S(6) ring motif. There is also in intramolecular C—H...N hydrogen bond in the azacrown ether moiety, which also forms an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, molecules are linked via pairs of C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers.
Forecasting potential emergence of zoonotic diseases in South‐East Asia: network analysis identifies key rodent hosts
Authors: Bordes Frédéric , Caron Alexandre , Blasdell Kim , de Garine‐Wichatitsky Michel , Morand Serge
Published: October 2016

Within complex ecological systems, identifying animal species likely to play a key role in the emergence of infectious zoonotic diseases remains a major challenge. One approach consists of using information on current ecological and parasitological similarities among host species in order to predict the most likely pathways for future pathogen spillover.

Using field data acquired from 15 sympatric rodent species in various habitats in Thailand, Cambodia and Laos, we built networks based on shared parasites (17 helminth and 15 microparasite species) and shared habitats among rodent species and humans. We investigated the architectures of bipartite and unipartite networks using modularity, subgroups partitioning or node centrality, to assess the relative epidemiological importance of particular rodent species.

Our results showed that Rattus tanezumi, Bandicota savilei and R. exulans were consistently found to be members of subgroups that included humans in unipartite and bipartite networks on zoonotic agents and shared habitats. High values of centrality in shared zoonotic agents were found for the same three rodent species, whereas high values of shared habitats were observed for two of them. Although phylogenetically related rodent species likely shared both habitats and parasites, a lack of habitat specialization was associated with increased zoonotic parasite sharing.

Our results emphasize the disproportionate importance of these three rodent species, through their high degree of connectivity with humans, which may represent a high risk for direct zoonotic spillover. Moreover, due to its high centrality in habitats, R. tanezumi may also play a key role as a bridge host.

The recent discovery of new arenaviruses in rodents in South‐East Asia, with associated disease in humans in Cambodia, provides an opportunity to test this empirically. The three rodent species identified using our network approach are some of the potential maintenance hosts for these new emerging arenaviruses.

Synthesis and applications. Our results on rodents and their pathogens in South‐East Asia show that network analysis has a high potential to improve the surveillance of emerging zoonotic pathogens by targeting key host species and potential ‘emerging’ pathogen–rodent interactions in complex and heterogeneous landscapes.
High‐flow oxygen in patients undergoing procedural sedation in the emergency department: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Thomson David , Cowan Timothy , Loten Conrad , Botfield Christina , Holliday Elizabeth , Attia John
Published: October 2016

Objective

Hypoxia is a recognised complication of procedural sedation. This study sought to determine whether there was an association between the use of high‐flow oxygen delivery by a non‐rebreather (NRB) mask during ED procedural sedation and decreased rates of hypoxia when compared with alternative oxygenation methods.

Methods

Records of all procedural sedations performed over a 12 month period in an Australian tertiary ED were reviewed retrospectively. The primary outcome was whether recorded oxygen saturations fell below 90%. Specifics of the oxygen delivery method were noted and data collected included sex, age, indication for sedation, drugs and doses administered, time of day sedation was commenced and staff grade of sedationist.

Results

A total of 755 procedural sedations were reviewed. Two hundred and five (27.1%) patients were administered oxygen via NRB mask from the outset of their sedation. NRB administration was associated with a statistically significant decreased rate of hypoxia (1/205 patients vs 23/550 [odds ratio: 0.112; 95% confidence interval: 0.003–0.0702]; P = 0.0090). This association remained statistically significant when adjusted for confounders.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates an association with a statistically significant reduction in hypoxia when high‐flow oxygen via NRB mask is administered during emergency procedural sedation. This intervention is simple, safe and inexpensive, and we would advocate that it be evaluated further in prospective trials.
A hydrophobic ammonia‐oxidizing archaeon of the Nitrosocosmicus clade isolated from coal tar‐contaminated sediment
Authors: Jung Man‐Young , Kim Jong‐Geol , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Rijpstra W. Irene C. , Madsen Eugene L. , Kim So‐Jeong , Hong Heeji , Si Ok‐Ja , Kerou Melina , Schleper Christa , Rhee Sung‐Keun
Published: October 2016

A wide diversity of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) within the phylum Thaumarchaeota exists and plays a key role in the N cycle in a variety of habitats. In this study, we isolated and characterized an ammonia‐oxidizing archaeon, strain MY3, from a coal tar‐contaminated sediment. Phylogenetically, strain MY3 falls in clade ‘Nitrosocosmicus’ of the thaumarchaeotal group I.1b. The cells of strain MY3 are large ‘walnut‐like’ cocci, divide by binary fission along a central cingulum, and form aggregates. Strain MY3 is mesophilic and neutrophilic. An assay of 13C‐bicarbonate incorporation into archaeal membrane lipids indicated that strain MY3 is capable of autotrophy. In contrast to some other AOA, TCA cycle intermediates, i.e. pruvate, oxaloacetate and α‐ketoglutarate, did not affect the growth rates and yields of strain MY3. The attachment of cells of strain MY3 to XAD‐7 hydrophobic beads and to the adsorbent vermiculite demonstrated the potential of strain MY3 to form biofilms. The cell surface was confirmed to be hydrophobic by the extraction of strain MY3 from an aqueous medium with p‐xylene. Our finding of a strong potential for surface attachment by strain MY3 may reflect an adaptation to the selective pressures in hydrophobic terrestrial environments.
The sensitivity of the credit default swap market to financial analysts’ forecast revisions
Authors: Alam Pervaiz , Pu Xiaoling , Hettler Barry
Published: October 2016

We examine the impact of analysts’ earnings per share (EPS) and cash flow per share (CPS) forecast revisions on the market for credit default swaps. We find that while the issuance of both EPS and CPS forecast revisions are inversely associated with changes in credit default swap (CDS) spreads, cash flow forecast revisions have a larger effect. We demonstrate that the relationship between CPS forecast revisions and CDS spreads tends to be stronger in cases of financial distress. We provide evidence that cash flow forecasts dominate earnings forecasts in some situations and that participants in the CDS market discriminate between analysts' forecast revisions and recommendation changes.
Unsung renal receptors: orphan G‐protein‐coupled receptors play essential roles in renal development and homeostasis
Authors: Rajkumar P. , Pluznick J. L.
Published: October 2016

Recent studies have shown that orphan GPCRs of the GPR family are utilized as specialized chemosensors in various tissues to detect metabolites, and in turn to activate downstream pathways which regulate systemic homeostasis. These studies often find that such metabolites are generated by well‐known metabolic pathways, implying that known metabolites and chemicals may perform novel functions. In this review, we summarize recent findings highlighting the role of deorphanized GPRs in renal development and function. Understanding the role of these receptors is critical in gaining insights into mechanisms that regulate renal function both in health and in disease.
Robot‐assisted approach improves surgical outcomes in obese patients undergoing partial nephrectomy
Authors: Malkoc Ercan , Maurice Matthew J. , Kara Onder , Ramirez Daniel , Nelson Ryan J. , Caputo Peter A. , Mouracade Pascal , Stein Robert , Kaouk Jihad H.
Published: October 2016

Objectives

To assess the impact of approach on surgical outcomes in otherwise healthy obese patients undergoing partial nephrectomy for small renal masses.

Patients and Methods

Using our institutional partial nephrectomy database, we abstracted data on otherwise healthy (Charlson comorbidity score ≤1 and bilateral kidneys), obese patients (body mass index >30 kg/m2) with small renal masses (<4 cm) treated between 2011 and 2015. The primary outcomes were intra‐operative transfusion, operating time, length of hospital stay (LOS), and postoperative complications. The association between approach, open (OPN) vs robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN), and outcomes was assessed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Covariates included age, gender, obesity severity, tumour size and tumour complexity.

Results

Of 237 obese patients undergoing partial nephrectomy, 25% underwent OPN and 75% underwent RAPN. Apart from larger tumour size in the OPN group (2.8 vs 2.5 cm; P = 0.02), there was no significant difference between groups. The rate of intra‐operative blood transfusion (1.1 vs 10%; P = 0.01), the median operating time (180 vs 207 min; P < 0.01) and the median ischaemia time (19.5 vs 27 min; P < 0.01) were all greater for OPN. The LOS was significantly shorter for RAPN (3 vs 4 days; P < 0.01). While the overall complication rate was higher for OPN (15.8 vs 31.7%; P < 0.01), major complications were not significantly different (5.6 vs 1.7%; P = 0.20). On multivariable analyses, OPN independently predicted longer operating time, longer length of stay, and more overall complications.

Conclusions

At a high‐volume centre, the robot‐assisted approach offers less blood transfusion, shorter operating time, faster recovery, and fewer peri‐operative complications compared with the open approach in obese patients undergoing partial nephrectomy for small renal masses. In this setting, RAPN may be a preferable treatment option.
The luminescence dating chronology of a deep core from Bosten Lake (NWChina) in arid central Asia reveals lake evolution over the last 220 ka
Authors: Li Guoqiang , Duan Yanwu , Huang Xiaozhong , Buylaert Jan‐Pieter , Peng Wei , Madsen David B. , Rao Zhiguo , She Linlin , Xie Haichao , Chen Jianhui , Chen Fahu
Published: October 2016

The lacustrine deposits of lakes in arid central Asia (ACA) potentially record palaeoclimatic changes on orbital and suborbital time scales, but such changes are still poorly understood due to the lack of reliable chronologies. Bosten Lake, the largest freshwater inland lake in China, is located in the southern Tianshan Mountains in centralACA. A 51.6‐m‐deep lacustrine succession was retrieved from the lake and 30 samples from the succession were used for luminescence dating to establish a chronology based on multi‐grain quartzOSLand K‐feldspar post‐IR IRSL(pIRIR290) dating. QuartzOSLages were only used for samples from the upper part of the core. The K‐feldspar luminescence characteristics (dose recovery test, anomalous fading test, firstIRstimulation temperature plateau test) are satisfactory and from the relationship amongst the quartzOSL,IR50andpIRIR290doses we infer that the feldspar signals are likely to be well bleached at deposition. Bacon age‐depth modelling was used to derive a chronology spanning the lastc. 220 ka. The chronology, lithology and grain‐size proxy record indicate that Bosten Lake formed at leastc. 220 ka ago and that lake levels fluctuated frequently thereafter. A stable deep lake occurred atc. 220, 210–180,c. 165, 70–60, 40–30 and 20–5 ka, while shallow levels occurred atc. 215, 180–165, 100–70, 60–40 and 30–20 ka. Bosten Lake levels decreased by at least ~29 m and possibly the lake even dried up betweenc. 160 andc. 100 ka. We suggest that the water‐level fluctuations in the lakes of ACA may not respond directly to climatic changes and may be affected by a number of complex factors.
Translational Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis of MYO‐029 Antibody for Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Singh P , Rong H , Gordi T , Bosley J , Bhattacharya I
Published: October 2016

Suppression of the myostatin (GDF‐8) pathway has emerged as an important therapeutic paradigm for muscle‐wasting disorders. In this study, we conducted a translational pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis of MYO‐029, an anti‐myostatin monoclonal antibody, using PK data in mice, rats, monkeys, humans, mouse tissue distribution data with 125I‐labeled MYO‐029, muscle weight increase in SCID mice, and muscle circumference changes in monkeys. This analysis revealed significant in vivo potency shift between mice and monkeys (72 nM vs. 1.3 μM for 50% effect on quadriceps). Estimated central clearance of MYO‐029 (0.38 mL/h/kg) in humans was greater than twofold higher than typical IgG mAbs. Peak and trough steady‐state exposures of MYO‐029 in patients at biweekly intravenous doses of 10 mg/kg MYO‐029 are predicted to achieve only 50% and 10% of the maximum effect seen in monkeys, respectively. These retrospective analyses results suggest that the MYO‐029 exposures in this trial had a low probability of producing robust efficacy.
Functional impairment in Tourette syndrome: parent and child perspectives
Authors: Kompoliti Katie
Published: October 2016

This commentary is on the original article by Cloes et al. on pages 284–290 of this issue.
Real time three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography imaging of crescent‐shaped superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect
Authors: Sung Yegyu , Cho Jung Sun , Youn Ho‐Joong
Published: October 2016

Multi‐imaging modalities should be considered in patients with atrial septal defects (ASDs) in which the degree of right ventricular enlargement is not fully explained by the small size of ASD found on conventional transthoracic echocardiography. We report a case of crescent‐shaped superior sinus venosus ASD discriminated using real‐time three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography. MDCT confirmed its relationship with the superior vena cava and the absence of combined anomalies, such as the pulmonary venous return anomaly.
Association of hepcidin‐25 with survival after kidney transplantation
Authors: Eisenga Michele F. , Dullaart Robin P. F. , Berger Stefan P. , Sloan John H. , de Vries Aiko P. J. , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Gaillard Carlo A. J. M.
Published: October 2016

Background

Hepcidin is considered the master regulator of iron homoeostasis. Novel hepcidin antagonists have recently been introduced as potential treatment for iron‐restricted anaemia. Meanwhile, serum hepcidin has been shown to be positively associated with cardiovascular disease and inversely with acute kidney injury. These properties may lead to contrasting effects, especially in renal transplant recipients (RTR), which are prone to cardiovascular diseases and graft failure. To date, the role of serum hepcidin in RTR is unknown. We, therefore, prospectively determined the association of serum hepcidin with risk of graft failure, cardiovascular mortality and all‐cause mortality in RTR.

Materials and methods

Serum hepcidin was assessed in an extensively phenotyped RTR cohort by dual‐monoclonal sandwich ELISA specific immunoassay. Statistical analyses were performed using univariate linear regression followed by stepwise backward linear regression. Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed to determine prospective associations.

Results

We included 561 RTR (age 51 ± 12 years). Mean haemoglobin (Hb) was 8·6 ± 1·0 mM. Median [IQR] serum hepcidin was 7·2 [3·2–13·4] ng/mL. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 47 ± 16 mL/min/1·73 m2. In univariate Cox regression analyses, serum hepcidin was not associated with risk of graft failure, cardiovascular mortality or all‐cause mortality. Notably, after adjustment for high sensitivity C‐reactive protein and ferritin, serum hepcidin became negatively associated with all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio 0·89; 95% confidence interval 0·80–0·99, P = 0·03).

Conclusions

In this study, we did not find an association between serum hepcidin and outcomes, that is graft failure, cardiovascular mortality or all‐cause mortality. Based on our results, it is questionable whether serum hepcidin may be used to predict a beneficial effect of hepcidin antagonists.
Cerebrospinal fluid levels of neurofilament and tau correlate with brain atrophy in natalizumab‐treated multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mellergård J. , Tisell A. , Blystad I. , Grönqvist A. , Blennow K. , Olsson B. , Dahle C. , Vrethem M. , Lundberg P. , Ernerudh J.
Published: October 2016

Background and purpose

Brain atrophy is related to clinical deterioration in multiple sclerosis (MS) but its association with intrathecal markers of inflammation or neurodegeneration is unclear. Our aim was to investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of inflammation or neurodegeneration are associated with brain volume change in natalizumab‐treated MS and whether this change is reflected in non‐lesional white matter metabolites.

Methods

About 25 patients with natalizumab‐treated MS were followed for 3 years with assessment of percentage brain volume change (PBVC) and absolute quantification of metabolites with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS). Analyses of inflammatory [interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, C‐X‐C motif chemokine 8 (CXCL8), CXCL10, CXCL11, C‐C motif chemokine 22] and neurodegenerative [neurofilament light protein (NFL), glial fibrillary acidic protein, myelin basic protein, tau proteins] markers were done at baseline and 1‐year follow‐up.

Results

The mean decline in PBVC was 3% at the 3‐year follow‐up, although mean 1H MRS metabolite levels in non‐lesional white matter were unchanged. CSF levels of NFL and tau at baseline correlated negatively with PBVC over 3 years (r = −0.564, P = 0.012, and r = −0.592, P = 0.010, respectively).

Conclusions

A significant 3‐year whole‐brain atrophy was not reflected in mean metabolite change of non‐lesional white matter. In addition, our results suggest that CSF levels of NFL and tau correlate with brain atrophy development and may be used for evaluating treatment response in inflammatory active MS.
Computed tomographic diagnosis: Traumatic lingual process fracture and surgical resection
Authors: Rohwerder B. , Buss A. , Boening K. J.
Published: October 2016

A 9‐year‐old mare was presented with abnormal behaviour and head‐shaking when ridden. Pathology of the hyoid apparatus was suspected and computed tomographic (CT) examination of the head was suggested. Computed tomographic images revealed a fractured lingual process (LP) of the basihyoid bone. Surgical resection of the fractured LP was performed. The mare recovered uneventfully and symptoms improved 10 weeks post‐operatively.
Effect of soil pH on the degradation of silicate glasses
Authors: Palomar Teresa
Published: October 2016

This paper reports the research on the physical‐chemical response of silicate glasses subjected to the action of three natural soils types: acidic, neutral, and basic. The main goal of the study was to characterize the corrosion mechanisms acting upon glasses formulated with chemical compositions that are commonly found in historical glasses through an accelerated aging test that replicates natural burial. Resulting data showed a distinct and recognizable response of each glass type, with pH as the key variable for glass corrosion. Results can be of great significance to historical glass studies, especially in choosing suitable conservation strategies for archeological findings.
Investigating the impact of botanical origin and harvesting period on carbon stable isotope ratio values (13C/12C) and different parameter analysis of Greek unifloral honeys: A chemometric approach for correct botanical discrimination
Authors: Karabagias Ioannis K. , Casiello Grazia , Kontakos Stavros , Louppis Artemis P. , Longobardi Francesco , Kontominas Michael G.
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of botanical origin and harvesting period on carbon stable isotope ratio (13C/12C), colour intensity (CI), radical scavenging activity (%RSA), P and Sn content of Greek unifloral honeys. Thus, twenty‐four honey samples were collected during harvesting periods 2011–2012 and 2012–2013, from four different regions in Greece. 13C/12C ratios and minerals were determined using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and inductively coupled plasma optical–emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES), respectively. CI and %RSA were measured using spectrophotometric assays. Results showed that only 13C/12C values and %RSA were affected by both botanical origin and harvesting period (P < 0.05). Applying then chemometric analyses to the collected data set, honeys were correctly classified according to honey type (correct classification rate 87.5% and 79.2% using the original and cross‐validation method, respectively). The use of different origin parameters has the potential to aid in honey authentication.
Droplet Micro‐Reactor for Internal Gelation to Fabricate ZrO2 Ceramic Microspheres
Authors: Wang Peiyi , Li Jiang , Nunes Janine , Hao Shaochang , Liu Bing , Chen Haosheng
Published: October 2016

A droplet micro‐reactor was developed to realize the internal sol–gel reaction of ZrO2 inside the droplet. The reactants are only allowed to combine when the droplet forms, meanwhile, they are able to mix well and react to form gel particles with a proper designed structure of the micro‐reactor. In this condition, the mixing efficiency was determined by the structure of the micro‐reactor and the flow rate ratio of the two components. After sintering, ZrO2 ceramic microspheres are acquired with high sphericity and narrow size distribution. This droplet micro‐reactor overcomes the gelation of the premixed sol and reactant in the channel, and it has been demonstrated to be more stable with a longer running time.
Impact of UVA on pruritus during UVA/B phototherapy of inflammatory skin diseases: a randomized double‐blind study
Authors: Maul J.‐T. , Kretschmer L. , Anzengruber F. , Pink A. , Murer C. , French L.E. , Hofbauer G.F. , Navarini A.A.
Published: October 2016

Background

Narrowband (TL‐01) UVB phototherapy (UVB nb) is effective in treating inflammatory skin disease. The addition of UVA is traditionally advocated to reduce pruritus, but lacks evidence for this recommendation.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of UVB nb and UVA phototherapy in combination compared against UVB nb monotherapy on pruritus, disease activity and quality of life.

Methods

In this double‐blind randomized clinical trial, 53 patients suffering from inflammatory skin diseases with pronounced itching (Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pruritus ≥5) were randomized into two treatment groups. One group received UVB nb (311 nm) phototherapy alone and another group received a combination of UVB nb and UVA (320–400 nm) phototherapy. UV therapy was performed three times per week over 16 weeks. Pruritus (VAS and 5‐D itch score), disease activity and quality of life (Dermatology Life Quality Index, DLQI) were assessed at baseline and weeks 4, 8, 12 and 16.

Results

In both treatment groups, there was a reduction in pruritus scores, disease activity and DLQI. No difference in pruritus score, disease activity and quality of life could be detected between the group receiving UVB nb alone and those receiving UVB nb combined with UVA.

Conclusions

Phototherapy with UVB nb alone, and UVB nb combined with UVA are equally effective in treating inflammatory skin disease and indifferent in reducing disease‐associated pruritus. Given this non‐inferiority for UVB nb monotherapy, the recommendation of adding UVA to UVB nb phototherapy for pruritic inflammatory skin disease should be abandoned.
Effects of Additional Acid Etching on the Dentin Bond Strengths of One‐Step Self‐Etch Adhesives Applied to Primary Teeth
Authors: Kim Yuhyun , Kim Shin , Jeong Taesung , Son Sung‐Ae , Kim Jiyeon
Published: October 2016

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strengths of one‐step self‐etch adhesives applied to primary tooth dentin with and without additional acid etching.

Materials and Methods

In total, 154 specimens were prepared using 50 naturally exfoliated primary molars. Four commercial one‐step self‐etch adhesives were used in this study: Scotchbond™ Universal, All‐Bond Universal™, Adper™ Prompt™ L‐Pop™, and Clearfil S3 Bond™. Two etch‐and‐rinse adhesives, Prime & Bond® NT™ and Scotchbond™ Multi‐Purpose, served as controls. Microtensile bond strength tests were performed for specimens treated with the one‐step self‐etch adhesives with and without additional acid etching and those treated with the two etch‐and‐rinse adhesives.

Results

All one‐step self‐etch adhesives except Adper Prompt L‐Pop exhibited increased microtensile bond strength values (p < 0.05) with additional acid etching. A nonsignificant interaction was observed between the type of self‐etch adhesive and additional acid etching (p = 0.056). Bond strength comparisons between the self‐etch adhesives used without additional acid etching and the etch‐and‐rinse adhesives revealed significantly higher values for Prime & Bond NT than for All‐Bond Universal® (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between any etch‐and‐rinse adhesive and self‐etch adhesive used with additional acid etching, although Clearfil S3 Bond showed greater strength than Adper Prompt L‐Pop.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that additional acid etching increases the bond strength of most one‐step self‐etch adhesives applied to primary tooth dentin.

Clinical Significance

Additional acid etching of enamel and dentin can be recommended to increase the bond strength of one‐step self‐etch adhesives applied to primary teeth. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:110–117, 2017)
Budesonide foam for mild to moderate distal ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zeng Jian , Lv Lin , Mei Zhe‐Chuan
Published: October 2016

Background and Aim

Budesonide is a second‐generation steroid with prominent topical effects and minimal systemic activity for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). We perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized placebo‐controlled trials to assess the efficacy and safety of budesonide foam in mild‐to‐moderate distal UC.

Methods

Comprehensive searches were performed to identify all eligible studies. Outcome measures were clinical remission, endoscopic improvement, elimination of rectal bleeding, and adverse events. The risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated for each outcome. All statistical analyses were performed in STATA 12.0.

Results

Three randomized placebo‐controlled trials recruiting 711 patients with mild‐to‐moderate distal UC were included in this study. No significant bias and heterogeneity was identified. Pooled analyses showed that budesonide foam was significantly superior to placebo for induction of clinical remission (RR = 1.83, 95%CI: 1.41, 2.37; P < 0.001) and endoscopic improvement (RR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.23, 1.68; P < 0.001), and eliminating rectal bleeding at week 2 (RR = 2.00, 95%CI: 1.50, 2.66; P < 0.001), week 4 (RR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.42, 2.12; P < 0.001), and week 6 (RR = 1.76, 95%CI: 1.45, 2.14; P < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of treatment‐related adverse events and therapeutic discontinuation because of adverse events between budesonide foam and placebo.

Conclusions

Budesonide foam is well tolerated and superior to placebo in inducing clinical remission and endoscopic improvement, and eliminating rectal bleeding for mild‐to‐moderate distal UC.
ALBI and PALBI grade predict survival for HCC across treatment modalities and BCLC stages in the MELD Era
Authors: Liu Po‐Hong , Hsu Chia‐Yang , Hsia Cheng‐Yuan , Lee Yun‐Hsuan , Chiou Yi‐You , Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Lee Fa‐Yauh , Lin Han‐Chieh , Hou Ming‐Chih , Huo Teh‐Ia
Published: October 2016

Background and Aim

The severity of liver dysfunction in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often estimated with Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) classification or model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score. We aim to investigate the performance of albumin‐bilirubin (ALBI) and platelet‐albumin‐bilirubin (PALBI) grade, which are recently reported to be simple and objective measurements for liver reserve in HCC.

Methods

Between 2002 and 2014, consecutive 3182 HCC patients were enrolled to follow up their survival. The area under receiver‐operator‐characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated to test the discriminatory powers over 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year survival.

Results

Significant survival differences were found across all ALBI and PALBI grades (both P < 0.001). The majority (73%) of patients were CTP class A. Within CTP class A, ALBI revealed two prognostic groups while PALBI segregated three prognostic groups. The PABLI grade also identified three different survival groups for patients undergoing resection, ablation, and chemoembolization. Both ALBI and PALBI grade were capable of discerning survival among different HCC stages. The PALBI grade had significantly higher AUC compared with CTP classification and ALBI grade at 1, 3, and 5 years. For CTP class A patients, the PALBI grade was also associated with significantly higher AUC compared with ALBI grade at 1‐year and 3‐year intervals. The MELD score has the lowest AUC compared with other systems.

Conclusions

Both ALBI and PALBI grade are adequate models to assess liver dysfunction in HCC. The PALBI grade is consistently better in all patients, in patients with minimally decreased liver function, and in patients receiving different aggressive therapies.
Effect of Geriatric‐Specific Trauma Triage Criteria on Outcomes in Injured Older Adults: A Statewide Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Caterino Jeffrey M. , Brown Nicole V. , Hamilton Maya W. , Ichwan Brian , Khaliqdina Salman , Evans David C. , Darbha Subrahmanyan , Panchal Ashish R. , Shah Manish N.
Published: October 2016

Objectives

To evaluate the effect on outcomes of the Ohio Department of Public Safety statewide geriatric triage criteria, established in 2009 for emergency medical services (EMS) to use for injured individuals aged 70 and older.

Design

Retrospective cohort study of the Ohio Trauma Registry.

Setting

All hospitals in Ohio.

Participants

Individuals aged 70 and older in the Ohio Trauma Registry from January 2006 through December 2011, 3 years before and 3 years after criteria adoption (N = 34,499).

Measurements

Primary outcomes were in‐hospital mortality and discharge to home. Criteria effects were assessed using chi‐square tests, multivariable logistic regression, interrupted time series plots, and multivariable segmented regression models.

Results

After geriatric criteria were adopted, the proportion of older adults qualifying for trauma center transport increased from 44% to 58%, but EMS transport rates did not change (44% vs 45%). There was no difference in unadjusted mortality (7.1% vs 6.6%) (P = .10). In adjusted analyses, subjects with an injury severity score (ISS) less than 10 had lower mortality after adoption (3.0% vs 2.5%) (odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.70–0.95, P = .01). Discharge to home increased after adoption in the adjusted analysis (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01–1.11, P = .02). There were no time‐dependent changes for either outcome.

Conclusion

Although the proportion of older adults meeting criteria for trauma center transport substantially increased with geriatric triage criteria, there were no increases in trauma center transports. Adoption of statewide geriatric triage guidelines did not decrease mortality in more severely injured older adults but was associated with slightly lower mortality in individuals with mild injuries (ISS <10) and with more individuals discharged to home. Improving outcomes in injured older adults will require further attention to implementation and use of geriatric‐specific criteria.
Veterans Affairs Geriatric Scholars Program: Enhancing Existing Primary Care Clinician Skills in Caring for Older Veterans
Authors: Kramer B. Josea , Creekmur Beth , Howe Judith L. , Trudeau Scott , Douglas Joseph R. , Garner Kimberly , Bales Connie , Callaway‐Lane Carol , Barczi Steven
Published: October 2016

The Veterans Affairs Geriatric Scholars Program (GSP) is a continuing professional development program to integrate geriatrics into the clinical practices of primary care providers and select associated health professions that support primary care teams. GSP uses a blended program educational format, and the minimal requirements are to attend an intensive course in geriatrics, participate in an interactive workshop on quality improvement (QI), and initiate a local QI project to demonstrate application of new knowledge to benefit older veterans. Using a retrospective post/pre survey design, the effect of GSP on clinical practices and behaviors and variation of that effect on clinicians working in rural and nonrural settings were evaluated. Significant improvement was found in the frequency of using evidence‐based brief standardized assessments, clinical decision‐making, and standards of care. Significant subgroup differences were observed in peer‐to‐peer information sharing between rural and nonrural clinicians. Overall, 77% of the sample reported greater job satisfaction after participating in GSP. The program is a successful model for advancing postgraduate education in geriatrics and a model that might be replicated to increase access to quality health care, particularly in rural areas.
Uromodulin gene variants and their association with renal function and blood pressure in cats: a pilot study
Authors: Jepson R. E. , Warren H. R. , Syme H. M. , Elliott J. , Munroe P. B.
Published: October 2016

Objectives

In humans, genome‐wide association studies have identified variants in the uromodulin gene (UMOD) associated with blood pressure and renal function. This study aimed to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms at theUMODlocus with renal function and blood pressure in cats.

Methods

We retrospectively identified cats aged 14 years that had participated in a geriatric monitoring program, and from which stored DNA samples were available, from a computerised database. We then measured the association of specific single nucleotide polymorphisms in the felineUMODgene with renal function and systolic blood pressure as continuous variables and, also, the dichotomous outcome of azotaemic chronic kidney disease and systemic hypertension.

Results

Eight intronic single nucleotide polymorphisms, one 1372 base pairs upstream from UMOD and two exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms were evaluated in 227 cats with renal and blood pressure data. An analysis of 188 cats found four single nucleotide polymorphisms to be significantly associated (P<0·01) with systolic blood pressure although all were in linkage disequilibrium. No significant associations were identified between single nucleotide polymorphisms and renal function or chronic kidney disease.

Clinical Significance

Results of this pilot study suggest that genetic variation inUMODmight influence blood pressure in cats, similar to findings in humans. Validation of these results is required.
Time course of hepatitis E‐specific antibodies in adults
Authors: Schemmerer M. , Rauh C. , Jilg W. , Wenzel J. J.
Published: October 2016

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is highly endemic in industrialized countries, but there is a lack of knowledge on individual and overall antibody concentration dynamics. The aim of this study was to characterize longitudinal concentration changes of anti‐HEV immunoglobulin G (anti‐HEV IgG) by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). In total, 199 serum samples collected from 45 subjects over 18 years were analysed. A wide range of anti‐HEV IgG levels was found. Overall, anti‐HEV IgG significantly decreased after an observation period of at least 5 years. One negative seroconversion was observed. Four individual profiles suggested single and even multiple HEV reinfections despite pre‐existing HEV antibodies.
Transient elastography for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis: a systematic review of economic evaluations
Authors: van Katwyk Sasha , Coyle Doug , Cooper Curtis , Pussegoda Kusala , Cameron Chris , Skidmore Becky , Brener Stacey , Moher David , Thavorn Kednapa
Published: October 2016

Background

Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis, but its use as a diagnostic tool is limited by its invasive nature and high cost.

Objective

The aim of this study was to systematically review the cost‐effectiveness of transient elastography (TE) with and without controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis or steatosis in patients with hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcoholic liver disease and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Methods

An economic literature search was performed. Eligibility criteria included systematic reviews, health technology assessments or economic evaluations ofTEcompared to liver biopsy and other non‐invasive tests. After abstract screening, full‐text reports of potentially relevant articles were assessed in duplicate. The methodological quality of the included studies was also appraised.

Results

The database search yielded 253 records; four cost‐effectiveness and four cost‐utility studies were included. The methodological quality of the included studies varies. High‐quality cost‐effectiveness studies not only suggested thatTEis less costly but also less accurate than liver biopsy. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) ofTEimproves with a greater level of diagnostic accuracy and a higher degree of liver fibrosis. High‐quality cost‐utility studies indicated thatTEis a cost‐effective alternative to biopsy withICERbetween $9000 and $14 000 perQALYfor patients with hepatitis C. We did not find studies that assessed the cost‐effectiveness ofTEwithCAPfor the diagnosis of liver steatosis.

Conclusions

Transient elastography is an economically attractive alternative to liver biopsy and other non‐invasive diagnostic tests especially for patients with a higher degree of liver fibrosis.
The fate of moderately volatile elements in impact events—Lithium connection between the Ries sediments and central European tektites
Authors: Rodovská Zuzana , Magna Tomáš , Žák Karel , Skála Roman , Brachaniec Tomasz , Visscher Channon
Published: October 2016

Lithium abundances and isotope compositions are presented for a suite of sediments from the surroundings of the Ries Impact structure, paralleled by new Li data for central European tektites (moldavites) from several substrewn fields (South Bohemia, Moravia, Cheb Basin, Lusatia), including a specimen from the newly discovered substrewn field in Poland. The data set was supplemented by three clay fractions isolated from sedimentary samples. Moldavites measured in this study show a very narrow range in δ7Li values (−0.6 to 0.3‰ relative to L‐SVEC) and Li contents (23.9–48.1 ppm). This contrasts with sediments from the Ries area which show remarkable range in Li isotope compositions (from −6.9 to 13.4‰) and Li contents (0.6–256 ppm). The OSM sediments which, based on chemical similarity, formed the major part of moldavites, show a range in δ7Li values from −2.0 to 7.9‰ and Li contents from 5.8 to 78.9 ppm. Therefore, the formation of moldavites was apparently accompanied by large‐scale mixing, paralleled by chemical and isotope homogenization of their parent matter. The proposed Li mixing model indicates that sands, clayey sediments, and low volumes of carbonates are the major components for tektite formation whereas residual paleokarst sediments could have been a minor but important component for a subset of moldavites. Striking homogenization of Li in tektites, combined with limited Li loss during impacts, may suggest that moderately volatile elements are not scavenged and isotopically fractionated during large‐scale collisions, which is consistent with recent models. In general, whether homogenization of bodies with distinct Li isotope systematics takes place, or collision of bodies with similar Li systematics operates cannot be resolved at present stage but Li isotope homogeneity of solar system planets and asteroidal bodies tentatively implies the latter.