bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive endophenotypes for eating disorders: a preliminary high-risk family study
Authors: Pappaianni Edoardo , Barona Manuela , Doucet Gaelle E. , Clark Christopher , Frangou Sophia , nadia.micali@hcuge.ch
Published: May 2022

Eating disorders (ED) are psychiatric disorders with a neurobiological, psychological and socio-environmental basis. Specific neuropsychological and brain structure and function characteristics have been identified in ED. However, evidence has often relied on patients in the acute phase or recovered, precluding an understanding of whether such differences are a direct effect of ED or precede the development of ED. In order to address this challenge, we carried out the first ‘children at risk’ study in this field, by investigating healthy offspring of women with ED (high-risk design). The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate neurocognitive and neural differences in children at high-risk for ED compared to control children. Sixteen (16) girls at high-risk for ED and 20 control girls (age range: 8-15), completed a battery of neuropsychological tests assessing executive functions. Children also underwent a resting-state fMRI scan in order to extract resting-state networks functional connectivity (FC), using an independent component analysis.Girls at high-risk for ED performed worse on a cognitive flexibility task compared to controls adjusting for age and IQ (F=5.53, p=0.02). Moreover, compared to controls, those at high-risk for ED showed reduced FC in the default-mode, sensorimotor and dorsal attentional networks, as well as increased FC in the medial visual network (all p<0.05 FDR corrected). This is the first study on girls at high-risk for ED. Differences identified in cognitive flexibility and in FC are in line with those identified in individuals with ED, strongly pointing to a role as potential endophenotypes of ED.
The Multilingual Picture Dataset
Authors: Pliatsikas Christos
Published: May 2022

The growing interdisciplinary research field of psycholinguistics is in constant need of new and up-to-date tools which will allow researchers to answer complex questions, but also expand on languages other than English, which dominates the field. One type of such tools are picture datasets which provide naming norms for everyday objects. However, existing databases tend to be small in terms of the number of items they include, and have also been normed in a limited number of languages, despite the recent boom in multilingualism research. In this paper we present the Multilingual Picture (Multipic) database, containing naming norms and familiarity scores for 500 coloured pictures, in thirty-two languages or language varieties from around the world. The data was validated with standard methods that have been used for existing picture datasets. This is the first dataset to provide naming norms, and translation equivalents, for such a variety of languages; as such, it will be of particular value to psycholinguists and other interested researchers. The dataset has been made freely available.
Assessment of Proso millet Genotypes against Blast Caused by Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc. under Field Condition at Mid Hill Region of Nepal
Authors: Subedi Subash , Neupane Saraswati , Neupane Prazwal , Shrestha Jiban
Published: May 2022

A total of 14 proso millet genotypes, including the farmers' variety, which was the most commonly cultivated landrace in the Karnali region and most susceptible to blast disease as a susceptible check, were evaluated for resistance to leaf blast at the Hill Crops Research Program, Kabre, Dolakha, Nepal during the summer seasons of 2020 and 2021. The experiment was conducted under natural epiphytotic conditions. The experiment revealed that none of the tested genotypes were found immune or highly resistant. Most of the genotypes showed moderately susceptible and susceptible reactions to the leaf blast disease for both experimental years. However, genotypes C04654, Humla-239, and C04651 were found to have lower blast severity and produce higher grain yields. Genotype C04654 was found as resistant with 34.6% disease severity and high yielding (2.6 t/ha), followed by Humla-239 and C04651 as moderately susceptible with 44.8 and 45.9% disease severity resulting grain yields of 2.5 and 2.4 t/ha, respectively. The higher disease severity (68.1%) with lower grain yield (1.4 t/ha) was recorded in the farmer's variety (susceptible check). The genotypes reported with lower blast severity and higher grain yield could be the source for the release of a leaf blast resistant and high-yielding proso millet variety in the mid-hill region of Nepal.
Effect of Organic Manures and Chemical Fertilizers on Maize Productivity and Soil Properties in the Winter Season
Authors: Adhikari Parbati , Sharma Reena , Pokharel Bhanu Bhakta
Published: May 2022

Field experiments were conducted at the National Maize Research Program Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal, during the two consecutive winter seasons of 2018/19 and 2019/20. The objective was to identify the impacts of different sources of nutrients on the growth and yield parameters of winter maize and soil properties. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications and twelve treatments. Combinations of different organic and inorganic sources, including the recommended dose of chemical fertilizer, use of farmyard manure, poultry manure, vermicompost, mustard oil cake, green manure, and bone meal, were made. Different nutrient levels significantly influenced the maize grain yield. The maximum grain yields of 7102 kg/ha (2018/19) and 6985 kg/ha (2019/20) were obtained with the combined application of 50% recommended dose (RD) of chemical fertilizer along with mustard oilcake at the rate of 5 t/ha, which was at par (6970 kg/ha and 6535 kg/ha) with the sole application of mustard oilcake at 5 t/ha. It can be concluded that maize performed best when 50% of the recommended dose of N, P2O5, and K2O fertilizers were combined with a 5 t mustard oilcake/ha application, followed by a sole application of 5 t mustard oilcake/ha. Soil properties, namely soil organic matter, were found to be significantly improved due to the application of a combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer. Thus, in subtropical conditions, integrated organic manures and chemical fertilizers can enhance soil properties and increase maize productivity during the winter season.
Production Performance and Nutrient Composition of Fodder Triticale (x Triticosecale W.)
Authors: Upreti Sujaya , Ghimire Ram Prasad , Singh Namarata , Bhandari Gopal , Banskota Niraj
Published: May 2022

A study was undertaken to compare the productivity and nutrient compositions of different varieties of fodder triticale (xTriticosecale W.) from 2019 to 2021. The experiments were laid-out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four treatments consisting three varieties of triticale (Winter Max, Crack Jack, and Bolt) and one local wheat variety (as a check), with three replications.  The fodder dry matter (DM) yields of evaluated varieties significantly varied  (p<0.05) in 2020 and in 2021, although it was non-significant in pooled data analysis of three years. The interaction effects of the varieties and locations on fodder dry matter yield were  non-significant in 2019, 2020 and pooled data analysis of three years but was significantly different in 2021. The seed yield was statistically different for the varieties in different years and also in pooled data analysis. Similarly, the interaction effects of varieties and locations were significantly different in seed yields in all three years. The seed yields were significantly different for the fodder triticale varieties in both the locations and pooled data analysis. The interaction effects of varieties and years were significant for seed yields. The average protein percentage was ranged from 8.88 to 10.39%. Bolt performed well in terms of dry matter and Winter Max did well in terms of seed production in different years while Crack Jack was found to be best for the protein percentage. The temporal and spatial effects on varieties indicate the need of the further niche or region-specific studies.
Instandsetzung von verschleißgeschädigten Zylinderoberflächen durch Thermisches Spritzen (Repair of Damaged Cylinder Surfaces by Thermal Spraying)
Authors: Ebert K. , Königshofen H. , Osthoff M. , Verpoort C. , Poredda H. , Gebauer U. , Kissner G. , Gedon H.
Published: May 2022

The German Army is using the Sikorsky helicopter Typ CH-53 G in the marine version, this means that the tail with the rear rotor can be folded sidewise in order to safe space during storage. During flight the fuselage is locked by two gear racks that slide in the bore hole of an aluminium housing. Due to the high friction during the movement of the steel racks the inner bore surface is damaged of up to 1 mm depth. In this paper the repair of this inner surface of the bore by arc-wire spraying is described. A special gun extension was developed so that the narrow bore (diameter 48 mm; length 400 mm) can be repaired. Preliminary test results with various materials are presented. Paper text in German.
The Advantages of the Plasma Spray Process for the Coating of Cylinder Bores on ALSi Cast Alloy in the Automotive Industry
Authors: Barbezat G. , Keller S. , Wuest G.
Published: May 2022

In the automotive industry, efforts to lower the cost of manufacturing and reduce the weight of an automobile are an ongoing process. Plasma spraying of cylinder bores on engine blocks made of light cast alloys has been developed over the five years. This paper provides an overview of the actual situation of the technology for coating cylinder bores, from cast material to non-destructive testing. The aspects of both finishing using honing technology and testing are to be seen as an important part of plasma spray technology for cylinder bores. The paper discusses the results of laboratory and field tests in Europe, Japan, and the United States. This shows that the plasma spraying process is a proven and cost-effective solution for coating cylinder bores. The launch aspect is also discussed. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Synthetisierte Verbundpulver für das thermische Spritzen (Synthesized Composite Powders for Thermal Spraying)
Authors: Ilyuschenko A. , Azarova T. , Wielage B. , Steinhäuser S. , Hofmann U.
Published: May 2022

The following contribution deals with carbide composite powders. These composite powders were made by the SHS-process. The present work is a result of a co-operation between the Institute for Powder Metallurgy Minsk (PMI) and the Department of Composites and Surface Technology at the Chemnitz University of Technology (TUC). The main aspect of this research activity is the improvement of the wear protection due to the deposition of the composite coatings. Paper text in German.
Microstructure-Wear Resistance Relationships for YSZ and Alumina Plasma-Sprayed Deposits
Authors: Ilavsky J. , Boukari H.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a simple cutting method is used to examine the changes in wear resistance of four thermally sprayed coatings, two yttrium stabilized zirconia, and two aluminum oxides using a heat treatment. These changes were correlated with the changes in the microstructure of the application layers, which were characterized using intrusion porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and small-angle neutron scattering. Analysis of the results shows that changes in wear resistance are believed to have been caused by changes in the shape and surface area of the voids caused by sintering as well as crystallographic phase changes. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Thermal Spray Coating for Food Processing: The Problem of Compatibility and Migration Tests
Authors: Scrivani A. , Antolotti N. , Bertini S. , Groppetti R. , Gutema T. , Mangia A. , Mucchino C. , Rizzi G.
Published: May 2022

In order to be suitable for food processing application, besides having the usual characteristics as high adhesion, high cohesion, high compactness and maximum hardness and wear resistance, the thermal spray coating should not release foreign substances, as prescribed by the international standards. This paper defines a very strict procedure according to valid EC and FDA standards in order to test the compatibility of the coating with the food. It discusses the applicability of this test method, in which a contact is created between a food-simulating solvent and the thermally sprayed coating to be analyzed. The inert nature of the drawn migration cell, the adopted time-temperature conditions and the characterization of the coating before and after the migration test are discussed. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Separation and Insulating Layers of Atmospheric Plasma-Sprayed Ceramics for High Temperature Fuel Cells - Development and Implementation
Authors: Jansing T. , Fleck R. , Decker J. , Verpoort C.
Published: May 2022

Sufficient electrical insulation must be ensured between the individual connection plates made of the ODS alloy in planar high-temperature fuel cells. In this paper, APS coatings and coating systems consisting of zirconium dioxide or zirconium dioxide/aluminum oxide are sprayed onto structured plates made of ODS-chromium alloy, qualified and implemented. The electrical insulation of both the coatings and the sealing glass composites is determined at 850 deg C and 950 deg C. The gas resistance of the coated sealing glass composite samples to air, hydrogen and hydrogen/water is determined experimentally. The coating technology is developed for small series production and successfully implemented on a large joined multi-cell unit with basic dimensions of 260 x 260 millimeter square. The paper demonstrates that this coating technology is sufficiently developed for industrial applications. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Neue Entwicklungen beim thermischen Spritzen - Systeme, Spritzwerkstoffe und Anwendungen (New Developments for Thermal Spray Systems, Materials and Applications)
Authors: Kreye H. , Kirsten A. , Schwetzke R.
Published: May 2022

The development and introduction of more advanced spray systems continues to drive the thermal spray market. Most of these developments benefit from an increase in particle velocities. The latest generation of HVOF systems can spray cermet coatings of higher density and higher hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance than HVOF systems introduced previously, due to an 30 to 50 % increase in particle velocity. HVAF systems are offered as an cost-effective alternative to HVOF systems. A further increase in particle velocity and the introduction of cold gas spraying can be seen as a transition from thermal to kinetic spraying and may open a wide field of new applications for coatings and structures of oxidation sensitive materials. Advances are also reported for wire spraying. New arc spray systems are capable to increase the density of metal and alloy coatings considerably and to reduce the oxide content of these coatings. Similar improvements but at lower spray rates may be achieved with newly developed HVOF wire systems. Paper text in German.
Technische Gase beim thermisches Spritzen – von der Herstellung bis zum Einsatz mit der erforderlichen Reinheit (Industrial Gases for Thermal Spraying – From Production to Application, with the Required Purity)
Authors: Heinrich P. , Penszior Ch. , Meinaß H.
Published: May 2022

Knowledge of the production, the properties and the relevant regulations for industrial gases are a prerequisite for the smooth application of thermal spraying in manufacturing and research. This is why corresponding supply concepts for this coating technology were developed. These have proven extremely successful in their practical application and they ensure the user the necessary gas purity at any time. The following article serves to inform the readers about the underlying principles of gas technology and to clearly show that, in the respective specialist gas industry, they have the right partner for solving their coating problems. Paper text in German.
Development and Application of TiC-Ni-Based Plasma Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Berger L.-M. , Nebelung M. , Vuoristo P. , Heinonen M. , Mäntylä T. , Reinhardt T. , Delaet M.
Published: May 2022

TiC-based coatings sprayed by different processes, such as detonation gun spraying, high velocity oxy-fuel spraying, atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), and vacuum plasma spraying, using agglomerated and sintered powders have been actively developed over the years. This development is based on the high technical and engineering potential of the hard phase TiC. This paper describes the results of basic studies of the APS for various alloying steps in the production of TiC base coatings from agglomerated and sintered powders as well as the results of the application of APS coatings on piston rings. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
An Experimental and Analytical Study of the Air Plasma Spraying of Tribaloy 800
Authors: Nylén P. , Wigren J. , Hansson M.O. , Leger A.C.
Published: May 2022

This article attempts to predict the temperature, state and velocity of Tribaloy 800 particles by means of numerical modeling. It aims to identify parameters that have a significant influence on the inflight particle characteristics for Argon/Hydrogen plasma sprayed Tribaloy 800, and to compare predicted air entrainment and particle residence times between Argon/Hydrogen and Argon/Helium plasma gas mixtures. The effect of spray parameters (primary-, secondary- carrier gas mass flows, current, spray distance and nozzle diameter) on the particle in-flight characteristics (velocity and temperature) and their interactions are studied by a two level fractional factorial experiment applied on the simulations. A comparison between argon Argon/Hydrogen and Argon/helium plasm gas mixtures is made in order to investigate whether the coating oxidation level can be reduced using Argon/Helium. Finally, the correlation between the modeled parameters and the application microstructure is studied. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
High Temperature Sliding Wear of Co-Based Plasma Sprayed Coatings for Aeronautical Applications
Authors: Economou S. , Grimanelis D. , Georgiopoulos E. , Stournaras C. , Vardavoulias M.
Published: May 2022

Co-based alloys are used extensively in applications requiring good wear resistance, corrosion and heat resistance. This paper presents the wear data of Co-based plasma sprayed coatings for aeronautical applications at temperatures up to 750 deg C, evaluated in a pin-on-disk unit. Investigation of the coating structure and the wear mechanisms revealed the processing-structure-functionality relationships. The analysis of the tribological results was supported by structure, microhardness and X-ray diffraction studies of the coatings. An SEM examination of the wear marks revealed the predominantly active wear mechanisms in each case. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Hartstoffsynthese aus flüssigen Precursoren auf Siliziumbasis mittels DC-Plasmajet (Hard Material Coatings Synthesized of Silicon Based Liquid Precursors by DC-Plasmajet)
Authors: Wilden J. , Wank A.
Published: May 2022

Using a DC-plasmajet amorphous and nanocrystalline Si-C-layers are synthesized from chloromethylsilanes on various substrate materials. Though most of the layers show granular morphologies with cluster diameters between 25 and 400 nm depending on the process parameters, coatings with a dense or columnar morphology and with a smooth surface can be synthesized as well. XRD analyses verify β-SiC crystals with an average diameter of 5 nm. In some samples produced from carbon rich precursors also graphite is detected. Depending on the substrate material and the process parameters deposition rates up to 1,300 µm/h are obtained. Apart from silicon and carbon the coatings convey oxygen and chlorine verified by EDX. Coatings removed from the substrate can withstand several bending cycles (45°) without any visible indication of failure. Paper text in German.
Auswirkungen der Abscheidebedingungen auf das Kavitationsverhalten von Plasmajet-CVD-Diamantschichten (Effects of the Conditions of Diamond Synthesis on the Cavitation Behaviour of Plasma Jet CVD Diamond Coatings)
Authors: Deuerler F. , Gruner H. , Pohl M. , Tikana L.
Published: May 2022

Diamond films have been deposited on WC - 6% Co hard metal tools by the DC plasma jet CVD synthesis. The parameters of the process (gas composition, temperature of the gas phase and the substrate, process pressure) as well as of the substrate surface (material, pretreatment) are related to the diamond film growth. For machining abrasive materials the hard and wear resistant diamond coatings must adhere good to the substrate. The wear behaviour of thin diamond films on hard metals under cavitation treatment has been examined. Thus the conditions of diamond synthesis have been varied especially concerning the coating duration and the process pressure and engineering. The cavitation test reacts more sensitive to coating defects of pm size than the conventional testing methods (scratch test, indenter method) and considers the microstructure of the material. Paper text in German.
Einbindung und Nachweis von Polymeren in thermisch gespritzten Schichten (Implementation and Characterization of Polymers in Thermally Sprayed Coatings)
Authors: Hartmann S. , Bültmann F. , Janke F.
Published: May 2022

The improvement of the tribologic characteristics of surfaces is an important application of thermal sprayed coatings. Also various ranges of application demand good antiadhesive characteristics. The tribologic and antiadhesive characteristics of fluorine containing polymers are very good. Since furthermore those polymers have the highest thermal resistance of all plastics it has been investigated if those polymers can be integrated in thermal sprayed oxide and carbide coatings. The aim was to improve the tribologic and antiadhesive characteristics. The processes Plasma- and HVOF-spraying have been used to apply the coatings. The polymers in the coatings were detected by examinations with the light-optical and the scanning electron microscope. To heighten the contrast for the light microscopy examinations the metallographic sections of the specimens were physically contrasted. To clearly identify the different phases with the scanning electron microscope EDX-analyses have been carried out. Samples have been tested to investigate the mechanical characteristics of the coatings. Paper text in German.
Arc Spray Process Efficiency Analysis for Zinc and Aluminium Coatings
Authors: Belashchenko V. , Unger R. , Ivanov A. , Murdock J. , Sedov V. , Smith E.
Published: May 2022

The use of the wire arc spray process for the production of zinc and aluminum coatings as corrosion protection represents a rapidly growing market. In this paper, the effects of various spray parameters on the performance of the process for these materials are examined. The effects of arc voltage, current, and wire diameter have been studied for their effects on the main factors affecting process performance, spray performance, and application efficiency. The results of this study have led to the development of a spray system or a power supply to maximize the performance of the process for corrosion protection applications. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Thermal Coating Technology in Controlled Atmospheres (ChamPro)
Authors: Ambuhl P. , Meyer P.
Published: May 2022

The name Champro was made up of the two words "chamber" and "process". It represents Sulzer Metco's thermal spray technology in a pressure chamber with a controlled environment. Different spray system types handle the process operating in a particular way. A part analysis for each type of spray system demonstrates the most economical customer solution. This paper discusses the processes involved in two types of thermal spray system for coating parts in a controlled atmosphere: type of system with continuous process and type of system with batch process. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
High Temperature Corrosion Resistance of Newly Developed Cr-Based Alloy Coatings
Authors: Tobe S. , Andoh Y. , Hidaka K. , Tanaka K. , Nishimura S. , Kawaharada K. , Shirai K.
Published: May 2022

Usually small samples are used to test corrosion resistance of a coating, it is sometimes difficult to make a coating on the small samples. When a cylindrical sample is used and the coating is formed on whole of the surface, three or four times coating processes are required. Thus an abacus bead type sample is proposed in this paper. In this sample, only two times coating processes are required to make coating on whole of the surface. In this paper, the high-temperature corrosion resistance of a novel coating made of Cr-based alloys for use in waste incineration plants is tested and compared with the coating made of a Ni-based alloy. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
In-Situ Temperature Control of Coating and Workpiece in Thermal Spraying
Authors: Jokinen P. , Varis T. , Korpiola K. , Kauppinen T.
Published: May 2022

Thermal spraying is a widespread coating process with various applications in many industry branches. To be able to spray successfully on the sensitive materials an in-situ temperature control is most beneficial. The objective of this paper is to find out the correlation between the mechanical properties of some coating-substrate variations and temperature history of the coating made by HVOF. The paper describes the processes involved in implementation of the thermographic measurement systems into the HVOF spray system to measure the temperature of the coating on aluminum and steel during spraying. It was observed that when spraying on aluminum, the temperature of the coating has a marked influence on the adhesion. Tests with a steel substrate show how the hardness of the WC-CoCr depends on the quenching speed of the coating during spraying. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
On-Iine-Prozeßüberwachung mittels Schallemission beim Beschichten von Walzen (On-Line Control by Acoustic Emission During Coating of Rolls)
Authors: Crostack H.-A. , Reuss G. , Beller U.
Published: May 2022

During the coating of components like rolls the major parameters are easily to control. But this is not sufficient to guarantee and stable a high coating quality. Additionally non-controllable parameters, e. g. nozzle wear, influence the process mainly. For this purpose a new testing method is necessary. On base of the acoustic emission analysis a testing equipment was developed in order to control the spraying conditions. In this investigation acoustic emission is applied to anlyse the signals generated by the impact of the molten particels on the component surface. The analysis of the signals is carried out in combination with a new classification method. The results of controlling APS(Atmosperical Plasma Spraying)-process during the disposition of a Cr2O3- coating will be presented. Paper text in German.
In-Situ-Diagnostik bei Verfahren des thermischen Beschichtens – Particle Flux Imaging (PFI) (In-Situ Diagnostic Related to the Process of Thermal Coating – Particle Flux Imaging (PFI))
Authors: Zierhut J. , Landes K. , Waas C. , Kutscher D. , Heinrich P. , Krömmer W.
Published: May 2022

The quality and the deposition efficiency of coatings produced in thermal spraying processes are influenced by many parameters. Therefore normally the process optimization is laborious and time consuming. To reduce these efforts the low cost In-situ diagnostic method PFI was developed. A stationary CCD camera records the radiation of the hot propellant carrier-medium and of the luminous particle flux. A connected PC immediately converts the brightness distributions to a false colour image corresponding to the temperature and density profiles of the carrier-medium and of the particle flux. Utilizing a reference image the parameters can be adjusted for a prompt and successful optimization of the spray process. The performance of the PFI- method is demonstrated in some examples. Paper text in German.
Surface Texture Correlations with Tensile Adhesive Strength of Thermally Sprayed Coatings Using Area-Scale Fractal Analysis
Authors: Siegmann S. , Brown C.A.
Published: May 2022

This paper investigates a hypothesis for understanding how the substrate texture influences the adhesive strength. A surface-scale fractal analysis is carried out on measured surface textures obtained from various metallic substrate materials. The results of these area-scale analyzes are correlated with the adhesive tensile strength of the finished coating. The results show that scale-considering fractal parameters predict bond strength better than average roughness, and that they support a hypothesis that relates bond to available surface area at a given scale. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Wegweiser in die “GTS-qualifizierte Zukunft” (The Ways to the “GTS-Qualified Future”)
Authors: Höschele H.H.
Published: May 2022

Future above-average success factors do not depend solely on a good product and on qualified marketing. The source of success lies in a new type of service to success. Strategic thinking with regard to sprayed surface technology with GTS as a partner. Paper text in German.
Schulung und Prüfung von spritztechnischem Personal nach europäischen Normen und Richtlinien (Education, Training and Qualification of Thermal Spraying Personnel According to European Standards and Guidelines)
Authors: Böhme D. , Ohliger A.
Published: May 2022

Working with qualified personnel means for each industrial company effectiveness and competitiveness. International standards and guidelines help to continue not only on the domestic market. In the recent years a considerable standardisation was made specially in the European Community. In the field of thermal spraying EN standards were and will be worked out, which fix the approval testing of thermal sprayers and the tasks and responsibilities of spraying co-ordinators. At the same time EWF guidelines were created to define the minimum requirements for training and educating spraying personnel. These standards and guidelines will be introduced, showing connections between them. Paper text in German.
Approval for Laser Beam Cladding of Marine Engine Components
Authors: Bludszuweit S. , Liebke P. , Hoffmann J. , Schwarte J. , Kohn H. , Schubert E. , Theiler C.
Published: May 2022

BIAS Bremen and SLV Rostock have received approval from the classification society "Germanischer Lloyd" for the novel manufacture and replacement of certain engine components with the powder-fed laser-beam plating process. This paper discusses the development of a procedure based on theoretical and experimental examinations on comparable test components. It is observed that, using this simulation tool, a reliable forecast of material conditions, which consequently emerge from the thermal cycle during laser surface treatment is possible. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Slurry and Dry Erosion of Arc-Sprayed Metal and Composite Coatings
Authors: Legoux J.G. , Arsenault B. , Immarigeon J.P. , Parameswaran V.R. , Hawthorne H.
Published: May 2022

Arc spraying can be used to produce coatings to protect against wear and tear against erosion. This paper presents some results obtained within the core research program of the NRC Technology Group in Surface Engineering on the development of erosion-resistant coatings. A relationship is established between the volume loss of the material (performance) under different erosion conditions and the coating properties or the microstructure. The results show that the wear behavior of the arc-sprayed materials depends on the type, size and impact strength of the impacting eroding particles. It is observed that for soft materials, even if ductile tearing is an active mode of degradation, the brittle behavior of intersplat oxides also plays an important role. For harder materials, this brittle delamination of splats becomes the dominant erosive mechanism, as can be observed on the worn surfaces. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Study of the Decarburisation Reactions and Phase Transformations of a WC-Co Powder
Authors: Jacobs L. , Hyland M.M. , Gutleber J. , Sampath S.
Published: May 2022

WC-based coatings have found extensive application in industries requiring wear resistance. WC-12% Co coatings were applied with a variety of high speed combustion spray guns (including HVAF) with various spray parameters. This paper aims to investigate the influence of the particle velocity, the particle temperature and the spray atmosphere on the decarburisation reactions and phase changes that take place during spraying. XRD and SEM used BSE image processing to characterize and quantify these responses. A comparison between temperature and speed measurements as well as the XRD results showed that the decarburisation is influenced not only by the temperature but also by the residence time and the entrainment of oxygen. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Corrosion Behavior in Seawater of WC-Co Coatings Obtained by HVOF and APS
Authors: Richard C. , Béranger G. , Merlier F. , Dalmas D. , Lu J.
Published: May 2022

The main aim of this paper is the evaluation of the electrochemical behavior of the WC-Co layers. In this paper, which lies within the scope of a general characterization of coatings WC-Co, a particular point is related to the electrochemical behavior in sea water of these deposits projected by APS and Jet-Kote in relation to their microstructure. The paper shows a different corrosion resistance of the APS and HVOF coatings. In addition, it is observed that the durability of the applications was strongly temperature-dependent. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Electrochemical Measurements and Characterisation of a Thermal Sprayed HVOF Cr3C2-NiCr Coating in a Corrosive Environment
Authors: Guilemany J.M. , Fernández J. , Delgado J.
Published: May 2022

This paper presents the electrochemical characterization of a chromium carbide-NiCr coating applied using high-speed flame spraying. It examines the behavior of the complete system, the steel, the steel coating, and the coating immersed in NaCl solution alone. The paper discusses electrochemical measurement methods such as the measurement of polarization resistance, anodic polarization, and open circuit potential. The tests are compared with each other and with results from metallographic examinations. The structure was characterized by light and scanning microscopy. In addition, an analysis of the residual water was carried out using an ICP technique. The paper also includes a study of the various mechanisms that could affect the behavior of such coating types in a corrosive environment. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Comparison of Erosion-Corrosion and Wear Resistance of HVOF Sprayed Coatings with Different Types of Carbides
Authors: Rogne T. , Berget J. , Solem T.
Published: May 2022

This paper compares three thermally sprayed coatings with different carbide types in a NiCr matrix (25% by volume) with regard to their erosion, corrosion, and wear resistance. The three types of carbide are WC, chromium carbide, and TiC. The coatings were sprayed with the Sultzer-Metco Diamond-Jet 2600 equipment. All coatings were produced with the same spray parameters. If the sand particles hit the surface at high angles of impact, the WC coating is better than the other two coatings in terms of erosion/corrosion resistance. Micro-abrasive wear tests also showed the WC coating was superior (slightly better than the TiC coating). The corrosion properties of the coatings were almost the same. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Mathematical Modeling of Splat Formation at Off-Normal Angles in Thermal Spray
Authors: Fukanuma H. , Li C.-J.
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes a mathematical model for spatter formation at abnormal spray angles in thermal spraying. It is found that the splashes become elliptical when the spray angles are abnormal, and that the ellipse stretches the more the angle deviates from the perpendicular. The model was used to compare test results of the splash elongation at anomalous angles of impact. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
A Mechanism of the Splashing During Droplet Splatting in Thermal Spraying
Authors: Li C.-J. , Li J.-L. , Wang W.-B. , Fu A.-J. , Ohmori A.
Published: May 2022

The flattening of droplet impacting on a substrate is one of the most important basic processes during the formation of a thermal spray coating. The structure of splat will determine the structure of coating, and consequently the adhesion and properties of coating. This paper investigates the dependency of the change of the morphologies of splats from irregularly complicated form to regular disk form by the preheating of substrate on the types of evaporable substances adsorbed on substrate surface in order to provide farther evidence for the evaporated gas induced splashing mechanism. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Optimization of Thermal Barrier Coatings Sprayed by the PlazJet Plasma Gun
Authors: Sacriste D. , Goubot N. , Dhers J. , Vardelle A.
Published: May 2022

Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) are commonly used in aeronautics for both thermal and corrosion resistance. The PlazJet is a high power plasma torch designed by TAFA. Optimization of plasma sprayed coatings needs to realize a lot of experiments considering the large number of process parameters, so systematic experimentation becomes very long and expensive. Optimization methods such as the Taguchi methodology have been commonly used in the Thermal Spray industry. This paper presents an optimization of TBC sprayed by PlazJet according to the Taguchi method. It discusses coating properties such as application efficiency, thickness, density, surface shape, and adhesion in order to correlate these with variations in the process parameters. The paper also presents optimized parameters for this special application. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Fracture Mechanism of Thick Thermal Barrier Coating
Authors: Takahashi M. , Saitoh M. , Takaishi K. , Kawasaki T.
Published: May 2022

Thermal barrier coating (TBC) is a technology for preventing the rise in surface temperature of the metal substrate by coating a ceramic with low thermal conductivity for the hot section components such as blades, nozzles and combustion chambers. In this paper, for some types of thick TBC specimen which had zirconia based ceramic top coat of 600 micrometer in order to improve the thermal insulation performance, thermal cycle property and heat flux are examined by using thermal simulating facility by gas burner heating. The paper also discusses fracture mechanism of the thick TBC. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Thermal Fatigue Characteristics of the Membrane Formed by the Plasma Spraying of ZrO2-NiCrAIY
Authors: Sonoya K. , Li C.-J. , Tobe S.
Published: May 2022

This paper focuses on the mechanism responsible for crack expansion and contraction: the behavior of cracks in the ceramic bed of zirconium dioxide membranes formed by plasma spraying, and the thermal stresses caused by differences in thermal expansion factors between the base material and sprayed bed, under a thermally cyclic environment. The test sample was prepared by spraying NiCrAlY on a stainless-steel base material to form a substrate membrane, then covering it with sprayed 8YSZ (zirconium dioxide-type ceramic). To clarify the self-recoverability of fatigue cracks caused during the thermal cycle, membrane cracking and crack expansion/contraction is studied. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Characterization of the Thermal Spray Coatings Having Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Structure
Authors: Shmyreva T. , Ivanov A.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the morphology, the microstructure, the thermal stability ranges, the devitrification kinetics, and the hardness of amorphous detonation sprayed FeCrPC coatings are examined and compared with those of amorphous tapes of similar composition. Nanocoatings were made by heat treating the amorphous coatings. It is observed that thermal spraying (using the detonation gun method) produced coatings with an improved thermal stability of the amorphous component. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Development of Scuffing Phenomena in Detonation Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Antoszewski B. , Otmanianowski T. , Zórawski W.
Published: May 2022

Detonation sprayed coatings are nowadays applied on many kinds of heavily loaded sliding pairs and in the case high-speed machines. The basic problem in such applications lies in their durability and their scuffing resistance. Detonation sprayed coatings have a different in comparison with other junction surfaces microstructure and their behaviour in boundary condition let us better estimate possibilities of their application. This paper deals with the findings from experiments with regard to the seizure phenomenon when the friction pairing embodies an element with detonation-sprayed coatings. The progression of seizure is examined and evaluated for a number of aluminum oxide-13 titanium dioxide WC-Co 88/12 coatings that were applied to steel by means of detonation spraying. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Effect of Wetting and Surface Phenomena on Development of Coatings in Thermal Spraying
Authors: Sobolev V.V. , Guilemany J.M.
Published: May 2022

Wetting between the spreading droplet and the substrate plays an important role in the droplet flattening because it affects not only the surface effects but also the contact thermal resistance at the splat-substrate interface which is an important parameter for the development of the coating structure. In this paper, analytical formulas are determined which show the influence of wetting phenomena on the thickness or the radius of the splash, on the pressure developed upon drop impact and on the splash porosity. An effect of surface tension on the flattening parameters is investigated. The results obtained show good agreement with the experimental data. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Thermal Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Berreth K. , Buchmann M. , Gadow R. , Tabellion J.
Published: May 2022

Thermal spraying offers the possibility of applying functional metal, ceramic or cermet coatings to components with different geometries and materials and significantly improving their thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties. The performance in operation as well as failure due to deformation, cracks, and delamination are mostly determined by the internal stress state within the coated components. This paper reviews coating developments on light metal and glass substrates, sprayed with different atmospheric plasma spray process spray parameters are reviewed. The results show that from the numerical and experimental residual stress analysis, the injection parameters can be influenced individually. This leads to optimized residual stress states in the coated components with regard to the expected operating loads. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Thermally Sprayed Multilayer Coatings as Electrodes and Dielectrics in High Efficiency Ozonizer Tubes
Authors: Friedrich C. , Gadow R. , Killinger A.
Published: May 2022

This paper presents the results of metal dielectric multilayer structures based on aluminum alloys and several oxide ceramics respectively. It investigates thermomechanical and dielectric properties with regard to the use of different powders for thermal spraying as well as a high and a low energy gun for atmospheric spraying. The experimental work of this study is divided into two main parts: the selection of materials and the development of promising coating systems and the manufacturing and testing of novel ozonizer tubes. The investigated coating systems are analysed focusing the application in ozonizers. Therefore, a metallic electrode, an oxide ceramic and the dielectric properties of the metal-ceramic-composite are analysed. Finally, the appropriate metal-ceramic composites are tested in an ozonizer. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Stabflammspritzen von oxidkeramischen Werkstoffen (Rod Flame Spraying of Oxide Ceramic Materials)
Authors: Harmathy P.
Published: May 2022

After a short description of the rod flame spray method some european products of rod flame spray guns will shown. Some properties of the most used layers of oxide ceramic materials will be introduced. Several applications shows the versatility of this technique. Paper text in German.
Failure Analysis of Plasma Sprayed ZrO2-CeO2-Y2O3 Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Kim H.K. , Choi H.S. , Lee C.H.
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to clarify the thermal and mechanical properties of zirconium dioxide-cerium(IV) oxide-yttrium oxide and zirconium dioxide-yttrium oxide plasma sprayed coatings. such as phase transformation, bond coat oxidation, and thermal expansion mismatch. Both coatings showed a 7 to 11% porosity fraction and typical lamellar structure, which formed due to continuous wetting by liquid droplets. It is observed that the zirconium dioxide-cerium(IV) oxide-yttrium oxide coating turned out to be better than the zirconium dioxide-yttrium oxide because there was no phase change from the tetragonal to the monoclinic phase (which leads to a spatial expansion), because there was a smaller thermal expansion offset and the effect of the oxide growth stress the better thermal insulation was relatively small. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Plasma-Pulver-Auftragschweißen unter erhöhtem Umgebungsdruck (Plasma Powder Welding under Raised Pressure Environment)
Authors: Bach Fr.-W. , Stoll P. , Zühlsdorf J.
Published: May 2022

Alloying of the melt with nitrogen in order to improve material properties is well known in steel-making. This effect can also be used in plasma-powder-welding for a distinct improvement of corrosion- and wear-resistance. Using alloys comparable to material numbers 1.4016 and 1.4404 the influence of the process parameters in plasma-powder-welding on the proportion of nitrogen in the cladding is shown. In addition recommendations are made for the regulation of nitrogen concentrations, that are located far above saturation concentration of the alloys mentioned above. With the recommended parameters it was for the first time achieved to succesfully produce claddings with a nitrogen percentage by weight of up to 0.85 at a partial pressure between 0.045 and 0.065 MPa that allow reproducibility. Paper text in German.
Study and Characterisation of the W2C-Phase Formation During the HVOF Spraying of WC+12%Co Powders
Authors: Guilemany J.M. , de Paco J.M.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the processes associated with the formation of the tungsten carbide phase are studied and determined. A plasma-compressed WC+12%Co powder is sprayed with a CDS-100 gun. WC+Co coatings are obtained by (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel technology. The coatings are characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive system, and transmission electron microscopy in order to record and identify the tungsten carbide phase. The mechanisms for the formation of the tungsten carbide phase are discussed. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Analysis of the Formation of Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Okovity V. , Ilyuschenko A. , Talako T. , Tolochko N. , Ivashko V. , Sobolevsky S.
Published: May 2022

The melting of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBC) using highly concentrated energy sources is one of the methods associated with increasing the density of the sprayed material and modifying the phase composition in order to improve the properties of these coatings. This paper presents the results of the investigations into TBC melting using pulse and continuous carbon dioxide lasers. Paper includes a German-language abstract.