bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIG DATA PARA LA INVESTIGACIÓN LINGÜÍSTICA Y LA EDUCACIÓN BILINGÜE
Authors: GONZÁLEZ FERNÁNDEZ ADELA , MAROTO CONDE ÁLVARO
Published: February 2018

La utilización de big data en el mundo de la ciencia y de la empresa está dando como resultado grandes beneficios no solo económicos, sino también en lo relacionado con la producción del conocimiento y en la calidad de este. Sin embargo, a pesar de las reconocidas virtudes de esta metodología, pocos intentos ha habido de aplicarla al ámbito educativo y, menos aún, en el campo de las lenguas y de la enseñanza bilingüe. En esta investigación nos proponemos estudiar cuál es el grado de interés de los usuarios de Twitter en distintas áreas temáticas para conocer así los gustos y las inclinaciones de los potenciales alumnos de la clase bilingüe español-inglés y conseguir un mayor acercamiento a ellos. Para ello, hemos utilizado una herramienta de autor que, mediante la introducción de distintos parámetros, realiza una búsqueda sobre Twitter y nos devuelve la información procesada y lista para su posterior análisis. De esta manera, conoceremos qué interés tiene cada país en las distintas áreas estudiadas para poder diseñar planes de estudio, materiales curriculares y proyectos docentes más personalizados, con la intención de que las clases de idiomas les resulten más interesantes y útiles.
THE MIRROR FRAMEWORK: A CRITICAL TEXT ANALYSIS PEDAGOGICAL TOOL FOR THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE (FL) LEARNING CONTEXT
Authors: CREMONA GEORGE
Published: February 2018

Los libros de texto empleados en las aulas de lengua extranjera (LE), junto con otros textos auténticos impresos y/o audiovisuales, sirven para familiarizar a los aprendices de LE con la cultura del país donde la lengua meta que se enseña se utiliza como L1 (Unesco, 2007). Esto motiva a los docentes a buscar herramientas de instrucción a través de las cuales puedan analizar la representación del país ‘extranjero’ en los textos que aspiran utilizar en clase. Relacionado con esto, el artículo presentará primero uno de los marcos de análisis de texto más populares a los que se refieren los profesores de LE al hacer tal análisis de texto. La popularidad de este marco de análisis de texto se debe al hecho de que fue diseñado por Mike Byram (1993), cuyo trabajo es seminal en los campos de la enseñanza de LE y las competencias interculturales. Debido a la aclamada reputación de Byram, muy a menudo los profesores de LE solo usan su marco sin una amplia reflexión crítica. En respuesta a esto, a pesar de señalar los puntos fuertes del marco de análisis de texto de Byram, este artículo pretende dar un paso más y evaluar críticamente el modelo de Byram (1993). El artículo reacciona al sugerir que un enfoque semiótico social y multimodal puede ayudar a fomentar la criticidad del profesor de LE cuando utiliza el modelo de Byram. Esta es una de las contribuciones al campo de enseñanza y aprendizaje de LE, ya que tales elementos semióticos sociales y multimodales raramente aparecen en los marcos de análisis de textos a los que se refieren frecuentemente los profesores de LE contemporáneos. A modo de conclusión, el artículo presenta una explicación paso a paso del marco original MIRROR que los profesores de LE pueden utilizar de manera crítica y como herramienta de instrucción a la hora de realizar el análisis de las representaciones culturales presentadas en los textos de LE estudiados.
THE EU “LIVE” IN CIVIC EDUCATION: TO EXPERIENCE AND UNDERSTAND THE EUROPEAN UNION IN-SITU: A MODEL FOR AND EXPERIENCES FROM POLITICAL EXCURSIONS AND THEMATIC SEMINARS TO AND IN BRUSSELS
Authors: WEBER IRIS , KÖTTER RICHARD
Published: February 2018

Political Excursions to Brussels on EU matters can be a very effective and important methods and format of civic education. Based on experience from practice, this can be the case in particular if they are conceived of, organised and implemented as in-situ seminars, which has been practised in over 40 seminars since 2004. The format we advocate and demonstrate here, with an early qualitative evaluation based on the literature and contrast to other practices and models, is one of an exemplary (by policy field), multi-perspective (different key institutions, players, actors and preferable nationalities on inputting participants or at least experts) approach which is conducted in-situ. This is, however, resource and planning intensive, and requires quite a high degree of experience and expertise, and is not a model which can be taken to a mass-produced regular repeat delivery. The learning and engagement of voluntary participants in non-formal education, in addition to (though at times in partnership with) formal education institutions - such as secondary schools or universities – is very significant and has been shown and evaluated to be of a high level of quality with significant nation-wide appeal in Germany and of staying power in the market for civic education. We also reflect on how this approach may be a basis for genuinely trans-national non-formal civic education in Europe on EU matters.
DEVELOPPER DES COMPETENCES CIVIQUES: UN JEU DE PISTE DANS LES CHAMPS DISCIPLINAIRES
Authors: MAILHOS MARIE-FRANCE
Published: February 2018

Dans cet article, nous allons montrer comment le développement, à l’école, des compétences civiques nécessaires à l’épanouissement d’une citoyenneté européenne n’est pas le domaine exclusif d’une discipline, comme par exemple l’éducation civique, mais peut être réalisé dans n’importe quel champ disciplinaire. Dans les pays européens, les disciplines scolaires sont souvent définies différemment. C’est pourquoi, par souci de lisibilité transeuropéenne, nous avons choisi de regrouper nos réflexions autour de 4 grands domaines disciplinaires : approches scientifique, linguistique et culturelle, artistique et conceptuelle.
Nous n’avons nullement l’intention de montrer que certains domaines disciplinaires sont plus efficaces que d’autres quand il s’agit de développer une pensée autonome et critique; nous voulons tout simplement effectuer un parcours parmi les savoirs scolaires pour mettre en lumière les magnifiques opportunités pour ouvrir les esprits de nos élèves et affiner leur jugement, quelle que soit la discipline enseignée.
CLASIFICACIÓN DE LAS EMPRESAS DE ALOJAMIENTO TURÍSTICO UBICADAS EN ANDALUCÍA
Authors: SERRANO CAÑAS JOSÉ MANUEL
Published: February 2018

El presente trabajo pretende exponer la normativa reguladora relativa a las empresas de alojamiento turístico con sede en la Comunidad autónoma andaluza, haciendo hincapié en las distintas categorías de empresas de alojamiento turístico que establece la normativa aplicable
Short-term Reductions in Irradiance and Temperature Minimally Affect Growth and Development of Five Floriculture Species
Authors: Boldt Jennifer K.
Published: February 2018

Energy inputs are a major production cost for greenhouse-grown plants, especially heating and supplemental lighting. A possible energy-efficient alternative is to optimize greenhouse conditions on days that have a low heating demand and reduce temperature and irradiance on days that have a high heating demand. The objectives of this study were to determine how many days per week annual bedding plants could be grown in a reduced-energy environment before delays in crop growth and flowering occurred and to calculate the potential energy savings. Angelonia (Angelonia angustifolia Benth. ‘Angelface Blue’), dianthus (Dianthus chinensis L. ‘Telstar Pink’), lantana (Lantana camara L. ‘Luscious Citrus Blend’), pansy (Viola ×wittrockiana Gams. ‘Matrix Blue Blotch’), petunia (Petunia ×hybrida Vilm. ‘Supertunia Mini Strawberry Pink Veined’), and petunia ‘Supertunia Vista Bubblegum’ were grown in a “winter-normal” (WN) greenhouse (22/18 °C day/night, supplemental lighting from high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps, 14-hour photoperiod) and transferred to a “winter low-energy” (WLE) greenhouse (13/10 °C day/night, energy curtain continuously closed, day-extension lighting with HPS lamps, 14-hour photoperiod) for 0, 1, 2, 4, or 7 days per week. In general, days to first flower (DTFF), flower number, plant height, plant width, relative chlorophyll content, and shoot dry weight decreased as exposure duration to WLE increased. Flowering on angelonia was delayed when grown 1 day per week in WLE; delayed on dianthus, petunia ‘Supertunia Mini Strawberry Pink Veined’, and lantana when grown 4 days per week in WLE; and delayed on petunia ‘Supertunia Vista Bubblegum’ when grown continuously in WLE. Energy costs were estimated using Virtual Grower 3.0.9, and average savings of 2% to 8% occurred with 1 day per week in WLE, and increased to 35% to 51% when plants were grown continuously in WLE.
Remote Sensing Using Canopy and Leaf Reflectance for Estimating Nitrogen Status in Red-blush Pears
Authors: Perry Eileen M. , Goodwin Ian , Cornwall David
Published: February 2018

Reflectance measurements at leaf and canopy scales were made in a red-blush pear (Pyrus communis) orchard for two growing seasons. Canopy reflectance measurements were obtained using a multispectral camera flown on board an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and leaf reflectance measurements were undertaken in a laboratory using a portable spectrometer. These measurements were used to compute reflectance indices as surrogates for direct leaf nitrogen (N) concentration measurements. The indices were evaluated against laboratory analysis of leaf N concentration. Regression results for leaf %N on canopy-level measurements with the multispectral camera resulted in the highest R2 value [R2 = 0.67; root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.24%N] with a new index, Modified Canopy Chlorophyll Content Index (M3CI)_710 nm. Regression results for leaf %N on leaf-level measurements in-laboratory resulted in the highest R2 value (R2 = 0.65) with two other indices, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Red-edge Index (NDRE)_720 nm. The corresponding RMSE values were 0.26%N. The results indicate that reflectance indices measured at the leaf level, with a controlled light source and calibration, could be used to estimate leaf %N. An analysis of uncertainty indicated that if leaf %N is estimated from leaf-level reflectance values, 10 or more leaves (from the same tree) should be averaged. The results support the use of a UAV-based assessment for canopy %N using the M3CI_710 nm, which could provide spatial information of leaf N concentration across an orchard.
Micropropagation of Epilobium canum garretti (Firechalice) by Axillary Shoot Culture
Authors: Alosaimi Areej A. , Tripepi Robert R. , Love Stephen L.
Published: February 2018

Epilobium canum subsp. garrettii (firechalice) is an herbaceous wildflower with landscape potential, but its seeds are difficult to germinate because of dormancy requirements. The objective of this study was to develop a complete micropropagation procedure for a selected accession of firechalice. Single-node stem explants from the plant were examined for their ability to establish on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium or Woody Plant Medium (WPM). Shoot explants on MS medium supplemented with 4.4 μm benzyladenine (BA) produced more than double the number of axillary shoots compared to explants on WPM (12.6 vs. 4.9 shoots, P = 0.0001). Benzyladenine, kinetin (kin), 6-(γ,γ-dimethlyallylamino)purine (2iP), thidiazuron (TDZ), and meta-topolin (mT) at concentrations of 0, 1.1, 2.2, 4.4, or 8.8 μm were evaluated for shoot proliferation efficacy. Stem explants treated with 8.8 μm of BA or mT produced the most shoots, 11 or 15, respectively. Benzyladenine, 2iP, and kin failed to affect shoot height even at the highest concentrations used, but 4.4 or 8.8 μm TDZ reduced shoot height to less than half of the heights of control shoots (3.1 vs. 1.2 cm, P = 0.0001). Firechalice shoots formed three to four roots easily without auxin added to the medium, but four to six roots formed per shoot when using up to 9 μm of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). In contrast, 9 μm naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) prevented root formation. When using 0–9 μm IBA for rooting, 82.5% of the rooted shoots survived transplanting. Based on these results, optimum micropropagation of firechalice may be achieved with shoots established on MS medium plus 4.4 µm BA, a concentration of 4.4 or 8.8 μm BA or mT used for shoot proliferation, and use of up to 6 µm IBA during root induction should result in >80% shoot survival after transplanting.
Salt Stress-induced Injury is Associated with Hormonal Alteration in Kentucky Bluegrass
Authors: Zhang Xunzhong , Wu Wenli , Ervin Erik H. , Shang Chao , Harich Kim
Published: February 2018

Plant hormones play an important role in plant adaptation to abiotic stress, but hormonal responses of cool-season turfgrass species to salt stress are not well documented. This study was carried out to investigate the responses of hormones to salt stress and examine if salt stress-induced injury was associated with hormonal alteration in kentucky bluegrass (KBG, Poa pratensis L.). The grass was grown in a growth chamber for 6 weeks and then subjected to salt stress (170 mm NaCl) for 28 days. Salt stress caused cell membrane damage, resulting in photosynthetic rate (Pn), chlorophyll (Chl), and turf quality decline in KBG. Salt stress increased leaf abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA/cytokinin (CK) ratio; reduced trans-zeatin riboside (ZR), isopentenyl adenosine (iPA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), but did not affect gibberellin A4 (GA4). On average, salt stress reduced ZR by 67.4% and IAA by 58.6%, whereas it increased ABA by 398.5%. At the end of the experiment (day 28), turf quality, Pn, and stomatal conductance (gs) were negatively correlated with ABA and ABA/CK ratio, but positively correlated with ZR, iPA, and IAA. Electrolyte leakage (EL) was positively correlated with ABA and ABA/CK and negatively correlated with ZR, iPA, IAA, and GA4. GA4 was also positively correlated with turf quality and gs. The results of this study suggest that salt stress-induced injury of the cell membrane and photosynthetic function may be associated with hormonal alteration and imbalance in KBG.
Physiochemical Changes in Floricane and Primocane Blackberries Harvested from Primocane Genotypes
Authors: Segantini Daniela M. , Threlfall Renee T. , Clark John R. , Howard Luke R. , Brownmiller Cindi R.
Published: February 2018

Fresh-market blackberries (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) have a growing global market, with continued release of cultivars to meet demand for consumer-quality fruit. The release of primocane-fruiting blackberry plants that produce crops on both floricanes and primocanes has expanded blackberry production. This study investigated the physiochemical attributes of fresh-market blackberries harvested from two cane types (floricane and primocane) from four primocane genotypes (APF-238, APF-268, ‘Prime-Ark® 45’, and ‘Prime-Ark® Traveler’) grown at the University of Arkansas Fruit Research Station, Clarksville in 2015 and 2016. Year-to-year differences were evident as blackberries harvested in 2016 were smaller (6 g) and less acidic (0.7% titratable acidity) than berries harvested in 2015 (8 g berries with 0.9% titratable acidity); however, soluble solids in each year were similar (≈10.2%). Differences in genotypes were also a factor. ‘Prime-Ark® Traveler’ (2015) and APF-268 (2016) had the highest berry firmness (7.8–8.3 N). In both years, APF-238 had the lowest firmness (5.7–6.0 N), highest isocitric acid (0.8–1.1 g/100 g), and highest total anthocyanins (239–353 mg/100 g). Floricane fruit harvested from ‘Prime-Ark® Traveler’ had the highest berry weights (8.3–10.4 g) in both years. Blackberries harvested from primocanes were wider (21.3–22.9 mm), had higher soluble solids (11.6% to 12.6%), and had lower titratable acidity (0.6%) when compared with floricane fruit in both years. Major year-to-year differences were found for several variables in this study, indicating that environmental effects can be substantial and growers should be aware of this influence on berries harvested from the different cane types. Evaluation of quality properties of floricane and primocane fruit of primocane plants in other locations would be valuable, particularly from areas where commercial blackberry production is established.
In Vitro Adventitious Shoot Regeneration through Direct and Indirect Organogenesis from Seedling-derived Hypocotyl Segments of Ficus religiosa L.: An Important Medicinal Plant
Authors: Hesami Mohsen , Daneshvar Mohammad Hosein
Published: February 2018

Ficus religiosa is an important industrial, medicinal, and ornamental plant, so in vitro regeneration is of high paramount in this valuable germplasm. Two efficient protocols were developed for indirect and direct shoot organogenesis through hypocotyl explants. In the first experiment, different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and indole butyric acid (IBA) (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg·L−1) in combination with 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) (ratio 10:1, respectively) were used for callus formation. Two types of callus were obtained from different concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs). Also, 2,4-D produced yellow-brownish and friable callus (Type I), whereas the green and compact callus (Type II) was achieved in IBA. The highest callus fresh weight (2.43 g) was observed in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.5 mg·L−1 2,4-D plus 0.05 mg·L−1 BAP. In the later experiments, various concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ), 6-furfuryl amino purine (KN), and BAP (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg·L−1) in combination with IBA (ratio 10:1, respectively) were applied for shoot regeneration (direct and indirect organogenesis). In shoot regeneration from callus, the highest regeneration frequency (86.66%) and shoot number per callus (4.13) were achieved in MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg·L−1 BAP plus 0.15 mg·L−1 IBA from type I calli. However, no regeneration was observed in type II calli. In direct shoot regeneration, the highest regeneration frequency (96.66%) and shoot number (6.26) were obtained in the medium mentioned previously. In root induction experiment, different concentrations of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and IBA alone or in combination were applied, and MS medium containing 2.0 mg·L−1 IBA along with 0.1 mg·L−1 NAA was the best hormonal balance for root induction. The rooted plantlets’ survival rate was more than 95% in the acclimatization stage. These results demonstrated that the direct regeneration method provides more shoot regeneration frequency and take a less time for shoot organogenesis than the indirect regeneration method. Based on our knowledge, this study is the first report of direct and indirect shoot organogenesis of F. religiosa via hypocotyl from in vitro–grown seedling.
Chemical Characterization and Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in a Nonattainment Rocky Mountain Valley
Authors: Li R. , Hardy R. , Zhang W. , Reinbold G. L. , Strachan S. M.
Published: February 2018

Severe air pollution has significant adverse health effects and poses a threat to public health in many communities, including nonattainment areas in the Unites States. To develop effective control strategies to reduce air pollution with minimum economic cost, one of the biggest challenges is to quantify the contributions from different sources. By combining chemical analyses, Positive Matrix Factorization modeling, and emission inventory development, this study identified primary and secondary sources of particulate matter with a diameter of <2.5 μm (PM2.5) in a nonattainment Rocky Mountain valley (i.e., West Silver Valley [WSV]) in Idaho. The results show that biomass burning is the dominant source and contributes ∼84% of the PM2.5 concentration in the valley. The study also identified influences on the WSV PM2.5 concentrations from traffic (7.4%), soil dust (3.4%), and secondary aerosols (4.8%). The results of this paper represent the first report on the chemical composition and source apportionment of PM2.5 in mountain valleys of northern Idaho and have been used to develop effective strategies to reduce the PM2.5 concentrations in the WSV. Moreover, this study provides detailed equations and methods in PM2.5 speciation, accounting for artifacts of the chemical analysis, Positive Matrix Factorization modeling, and emission inventory development, which can be used for source apportionment of severe air pollution in other regions.

Core Ideas

Source apportionment is crucial for controlling severe air pollution in many places.

PM2.5 in West Silver Valley of northern Idaho exceeded the annual NAAQS.

Chemical analyses, PMF, and emission inventory were combined to identify sources.

Major PM2.5 sources are biomass burning, traffic, soil dust, and secondary aerosols.

The methods can be used for source apportionment of air pollution in other regions.
Mineral Fertilizer and Manure Effects on Leached Inorganic Nitrogen, Nitrate Isotopic Composition, Phosphorus, and Dissolved Organic Carbon under Furrow Irrigation
Authors: Lentz R. D. , Lehrsch G. A.
Published: February 2018

A better understanding of nutrient leaching in furrow irrigated agriculture is needed to optimize fertilizer use and avoid contamination of water supplies. In this field study (2003–2006), we measured deep percolation fluxes at 1.2‐m depth and associated nutrient concentrations and mass losses from dairy manure nitrogen (N) or mineral N (urea, sodium nitrate [NaNO3])–amended soils (372 kg available N ha−1 in 4 yr) and nonamended controls and determined the δ15N‐NO3 and δ18O‐NO3 isotope ratios in the leached nitrate. Flow‐weighted concentration means for individual irrigations varied widely, from near zero to as much as 250 mg L−1 for NO3–N, 480 μg L−1 for dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), 43 mg L−1 for dissolved organic C (DOC), and 390 mg L−1 for chloride (Cl). Relative to other treatments, mineral fertilizer increased NO3–N concentrations 2.6‐ to 3‐fold and Cl concentrations 2.6‐ to 3.6‐fold in deep leachate, particularly when NaNO3 was applied in 2004 and 2006, and produced maximum mean season‐long NO3–N and Cl losses. Manure and control treatments produced similar leachate nutrient mass losses, and for some irrigation periods, mineral fertilizer produced 85 and 97% lesser DRP losses and two times greater Cl losses compared with manure and control treatments. Four‐year cumulative losses among treatments differed only for Cl. Isotopic composition of deep‐leached nitrate indicates that both transformation and biologic cycling of mineral and manure N are rapid in these soils, which, with percolation volume, influence the amounts of NO3–N and DOC leached. In light of the potential negative effects associated with either fertilizer type, and because even nonamended soils produced substantial amounts of leached NO3–N (69.5 kg ha−1 yr−1), management must minimize percolation water losses to limit nutrient losses from these fertilized, furrow‐irrigated soils.

Core Ideas

Nutrient losses were more correlated with percolation water volume than nutrient concentration.

Adsorption, precipitation, and cycling of manure nutrients limit their losses below 1.2‐m depth.

To limit nutrient losses in furrow irrigated soils, percolation water losses must be reduced.
Temporal Changes of Soil Water in Sandy Soils Amended with Pine Bark and Efficient Blueberry Irrigation
Authors: Bandaranayake Wije M. , Kadyampakeni Davie M. , Parsons L. R.
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas

Hydraulic properties of soil mixed with pine bark changed rapidly as bark degraded.

Soil ρb increased from 0.33 to 0.62 g cm–3 and θfc increased from 7 to 21% in 2 yr.

After 2 yr, no change in θfc indicated a constant capillary size porosity in the bark–soil mixture.

Root zone depth in the bark–soil mix decreased continually to reduce plant‐available water.

Sensors help monitor soil‐water dynamics that mimic the above changes in bark–soil mixtures.

Temporal changes in the physical and hydraulic properties of pine bark as it degrades above sandy soil likely affect soil water (θv) availability and the efficiency of irrigation in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) production. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess the physical and hydraulic properties of commercially available pine bark with large, medium, and fine grades as it aged above well‐ and poorly‐drained sandy soils, and (ii) test the capability of dielectric soil moisture sensors to monitor θv reliably through time. During 3 yr, the depth of the pine bark layer decreased from 26 to 15 cm, and the bulk density of the 0‐ to 15‐cm layer of pine bark increased from 0.33 to 0.62 g cm–3. The water content at field capacity (θfc) of pure pine bark was initially 0.07 cm3 cm–3 and increased to 0.21 cm3 cm–3 during the first 2 yr, but changed little afterward. The measured θfc at two sites with 2‐yr‐old pine bark remained between 0.19 and 0.21 cm3 cm–3 and agreed well with sensor estimates. The θfc gradually decreased with depth from 0.25 cm3 cm–3 at 7.5‐cm depth in the pine bark layer to 0.10 cm3 cm–3 at 60‐cm depth. The layer of pine bark mixed with well‐drained sandy soil reached the lowest θv (θl of 0.10 cm3 cm–3) after 12 d of drying, but this decrease in moisture required 40 d in poorly‐drained sandy soil. The root zone of pine bark in well‐drained sandy soil drained to θfc in <2 h compared with 3 h in poorly‐drained sandy soil. These data could be used to optimize irrigation efficiency.
No‐Tillage had Warmer Over‐Winter Soil Temperatures than Conventional Tillage in a Brookston Clay Loam Soils in Southwestern Ontario
Authors: Yang X. M. , Drury C. F. , Reeb M. R.
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas

Tillage practices on surface soil temperature in the winter months were tested.

No‐till soil responses slowly to changes of air temperature than tilled soil.

Soil temperatures in winter were significantly greater in no‐till than tilled soils.

Soil temperature affects soil microbial activity and hence impacts soil greenhouse gas (CO2, N2O, CH4) emissions and plant nutrient recycling. However, there is a lack of information on the effects of tillage practices on soil temperature in the surface soil layers in the winter months. Soil temperature and moisture in no‐tillage (NT) and fall moldboard plow (MP) of a Brookston clay loam in southwestern Ontario were measured on an hourly basis over the winter months (December to April) at soil depths (25, 75, and 150 mm) during 2012 to 2013, 2013 to 2014 and 2014 to 2015, respectively. Both soil temperature and moisture significantly varied with tillage practices over the winter months. The tillage and depth interaction occurred for soil moisture, but not soil temperature. Soil temperatures in December and January were significantly greater (+0.7°C) in NT than MP soil with a maximum divergence of 2 to 4°C in the 25‐mm depth for 4 to 5 d in January. In March and April, the soil temperature was about 0.7°C cooler for the NT than the MP soil. The soils were generally wetter in the NT than the MP plots and the difference was statistically significant from December to February. In general, the soil was warmer and wetter under NT than MP management in winter months for this clay loam soil whereas soils were cooler and wetter under no‐tillage in the spring.
Extent and Mechanism of Interaction between Phosphate and Citrate in a Calcareous Soil
Authors: Bulmer David , Kar Gourango , Hamilton Jordan , Siciliano Steven , Peak Derek
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas

Modification of Ca levels influences P adsorption.

Citrate influences the adsorption equilibrium of P onto soil.

Competitive adsorption of citrate and P is primary mechanism of interaction.

In subsurface systems that have been contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs), the degradation by microbes is limited by nutrient availability, primarily by bioavailable phosphorus (P). Low‐molecular‐weight organic acids (LMWOA), particularly citrate, have been proposed as a remediation amendment to enhance P mobility, but the effect of citrate on P retention by calcium‐rich soils is poorly understood. In this study, the sorption of P in the absence and presence of citrate on calcareous cold soils was investigated under controlled laboratory conditions using a combination of laboratory‐based adsorption and desorption studies and synchrotron‐based spectroscopic techniques. The results indicate that calcium exerts a strong control on P sorption by forming calcium phosphate minerals, thus limiting the availability of P for transport or microbial uptake. Treatments that reduce reserve and exchangeable Ca increase the relative proportion of adsorbed P. When citric acid is also added to these calcareous soils, their buffering capacity largely inhibits any desorption of P or changes in P speciation until citrate levels exceed P additions by more than 10 to 1. By increasing citrate to P ratios to between 10:1 and 50:1, it is possible to overcome the soil's buffering capacity, decrease pH, and enhance P desorption via competition with citric acid. This suggests that one can enhance P transport in this soil system, but only when the citrate to P ratio is properly adjusted for the site's Ca levels.
Competitiveness of the information economy industry in Ukraine
Authors: Ponomarenko Tetiana , Khudolei Veronika , Prokopenko Olha , Klisinski Janusz
Published: February 2018

Information economy, being the newest type, in the course of formation acquires its distinctive features, which include a significant change in the needs of investors, producers, consumers and other economic relation participants. In order to achieve a competitive information economy, state support for high-tech industries is needed. It is crucial to create a clear legal framework, give boost to the formation of intellectual capital based on other countries' experience. Implementation of the strategy for high-tech industries development in Ukraine is a decisive step in creating a platform for information technology dissemination, creation of new competitive products with high added value. The purpose of the article is to investigate the transformation to the information economy, to analyze the industry competitiveness, to define the opportunities for information sphere improvement. The theoretical aspect of the emergence and formation of the information economy category is studied, the approaches to the defining this economic category and its derivatives have been studied and generalized, essential features of the information type of economic relations have been investigated, and their main components have been determined. In the article, the relationship between the level of information economy development and the competitiveness of domestic enterprises' products has been described, the factors influencing high-tech industries development in Ukraine are considered, and suggestions as for increasing the assistance to the development of knowledge-intensive sectors, including information technology, are proposed.
Effects of the uncertainties of climate change on the performance of hydropower systems
Authors: Zolghadr-Asli Babak , Bozorg-Haddad Omid , Chu Xuefeng
Published: February 2018

This study's objective is to assess the potential impact of climate change on an example under-design hydropower system in the Karkheh River basin, Iran. Based on three water resources performance criteria (reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability), a novel framework was proposed to interpret and cope with the uncertainties associated with such assessments. The results demonstrated the acceptable performance of the system in most months, while there were certain signs for rare low-inflows, and consequently low hydropower generated by the system, due to the climate change. It was found that in terms of these three criteria, the best performances in the climate-change condition occurred in May (80% reliability), December (45% resiliency), and April (19% vulnerability). Yet the worst performances occurred in September (2% reliability), July and August (0% resiliency), and in October (39% vulnerability). These results indicated that the reliability and resiliency of the system would be improved under the climate change condition, while due to the increase of low-inflow incidences, the vulnerability of the system would increase. This suggests that, although the system may not face frequent failures, severe blackouts may occur. With timely consideration of future climatic conditions and appropriate adaptive actions, including additional backup systems for reliable and safe electricity generation, future undesired conditions can be avoided in the basin.
Groundwater governance in the Anthropocene: a close look at Costa Rica
Authors: Cuadrado-Quesada Gabriela , Holley Cameron , Gupta Joyeeta
Published: February 2018

The Anthropocene is an era in which humans have become the primary driver of planetary systems, not least the global hydrological cycle. This is posing significant challenges for managing the globe's water resources, and is catalyzing a shift in the focus of water law, governance and policy research. One important feature of this shift is a burgeoning focus on groundwater resources and their exploitation, particularly in developing countries. As surface water succumbs to climate pressures, groundwater use has increased rapidly as a source of food production and economic development. A fundamental question for modern water law and governance research is: what are the key challenges and opportunities for effective design and implementation of groundwater law to achieve sustainable and inclusive development. This article provides insights into this question through an empirical examination of Costa Rica. Drawing on an empirical analysis of 40 semi-structured interviews with public and private stakeholders in Costa Rica, the findings identify the following challenges and opportunities for groundwater governance: (i) recognition of water as a public good and clear ownership; (ii) insufficient definition of groundwater and embedding within the concepts of sustainable and inclusive development and participation; (iii) inadequate organization and toolbox, including implementation.
Oxidation of tartrazine with ultraviolet light emitting diodes: pH and duty cycles effects
Authors: Stewart Brandon M. , Miller Michael E. , Kempisty David M. , Stubbs John , Harper Willie F.
Published: February 2018

The presence of tartrazine (TAR) in the water cycle poses serious threats to human health. This study investigated the used of light emitting diodes (LEDs) in the advanced oxidation of TAR under different pH and duty cycle (DC) conditions. The first order reaction rate constant for TAR oxidation was positively correlated with DC, negatively correlated with pH, and typically greatest at pH 6. Chemical byproduct analysis indicated that OH addition, H abstraction, and electron transfer without molecule transfer were among the relevant reaction mechanisms for TAR degradation. Six byproducts were identified, four were reported for the first time, and two demonstrated that TAR rings were cleaved. This research is the first to determine the optimal pH for UVLED-driven oxidation of TAR and the first to identify new TAR-related byproducts from UVLED-based water treatment.
Changes in estrogenicity and micropollutant concentrations across unit processes in a biological wastewater treatment system
Authors: Chen Jian Lin , Ravindran Shanthinie , Swift Simon , Singhal Naresh
Published: February 2018

The behavior of 10 micropollutants, i.e. four estrogens (estrone, 17β-estradiol, estriol, 17α-ethynylestradiol), carbamazepine (CBZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), triclosan, oxybenzone, 4-nonylphenol, and bisphenol A, was investigated in a typical domestic wastewater treatment plant. LC-MS and yeast estrogen screen bioassay were used to study the changes in micropollutants and estrogenicity across unit processes in the treatment system. Primary treatment via sedimentation showed that only 4-nonylphenol was removed, but led to no significant change in estrogenicity. Secondary treatment by the biological nitrification-dentrification process showed complete removal of oxybenzone and partial removal of the estrogens, which led to a decrease in estrogenic activity from 80 to 48 ng/L as estradiol equivalent (EEq). Ultraviolet treatment completely degraded the estrogens and triclosan, but failed to lower the concentrations of bisphenol A, SMX, and CBZ; a decrease in estrogenic activity from 48 to 5 ng/L EEq across the unit, a value that was only slightly larger than the observed EEq of 1 ng/L for the deionized control. Similarly, the anaerobic digestion of sludge completely degraded estrogens, oxybenzone, and SMX, but had no impact on bisphenol A, triclosan, and CBZ. The study emphasises the need to complement chemical analyses with estrogenic bioassays to evaluate the efficacy of waste water treatment plants.
A Study on Customer Satisfaction towards Patanjali Products in Theni District
Authors: Malarvizhi J. , Devi T. Chitra
Published: February 2018

Indian consumer segment is broadly segregated into urban and rural markets and is attracting marketers from across the world. Global corporations view India as one of the key markets from where future growth is likely to emerge. Consumers of this millennium have become more concerned about their health and also inclined to maintain the quality of life which is reflected through the preferential consumption of those products that protect the good state of their health as well as provide maximum satisfaction. To purchase a product the customer will go through a process of buying behavior. The choice and usage of a particular brand by the consumer over the time is affected by the quality benefits offered by the brand especially when it comes to the brand of eatable and cosmetics. This study also aims at identifying customer’s satisfaction towards present and expected products from Patanjali.
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL DIMENSION IN INDONESIA’S EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE
Authors: Kurnia Ida , Martinelli Imelda
Published: February 2018

With both national and international dimensions influencing the utilization of marine fisheries resources in Indonesia’s Exclusive Economic Zone, a comprehensive regulation is needed. Hence the importance of making sure that National Regulations are in accordance with International Regulations, while still maintaining the best of interests for the people and accommodating for the people’s welfare. In reality, international community depends heavily on natural marine fisheries resources for their people’s nutrients need.
THE CONSTRUCTIVISTIC COMPETENCE BASED LEARNING DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP CLASS
Authors: Maskan Mohammad , Djajanto Ludfi , Utaminingsih Alifiualhtin
Published: February 2018

This study focused on development learning of the entrepreneurship learning model into learning model characterized by constructivistic learning, in which this learning model employs students who are active, multi methods of teaching, and multi source of learning. Findings show that the product of construvtivistic based entrepreneurship learning model is good. It means that product of portfolio-based entrepreneurship learning model is valid to use in the learning process of entrepreneurship lesson at Business Administration Department of Malang State Polytechnic. It is recommended that (1) lecturers who are teaching lesson of entrepreneurship should be given provision about constructivistic-based entrepreneurship learning model, and (2) For further development, this entrepreneurship learning model can be applied in other lessons.
ANALYZING THE INTEGRITY OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT AT “CEMERLANG” PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT FIRM IN SURABAYA (PHENOMENOLOGY STUDY)
Authors: Aripratiwi Ratna Anggraini
Published: February 2018

This study aims to explore the deep meaning of the integrity attitudes that is experienced, felt, and performed by a public accountant in one of the famous KAP in Surabaya, KAP "Cemerlang". Revealing the attitude of the integrity of public accountant is important since there are large number of public accountants who are still dragged into fraud and violations, resulting in unethical decisions. Every public accountant has a different perspective in determining and practicing an attitude of integrity, whether to defend or even release it for a particular purpose that ultimately raises a variety of meanings of pure integrity and pragmatic integrity.
THE EFFECT OF PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM AND REMUNERATION TO EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WITH ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AS A MODERATING VARIABLE
Authors: Rokhimakhumullah Dewi Noor Fatikhah
Published: February 2018

This study aims to examine the effect of performance measurement system and remuneration on employee performance with organizational culture as moderating variable. This research uses survey research design with Partial Least Square (PLS) data analysis. Respondents in this study are 66 employees who have structural positions in KPP Madya Malang and KPP Pratama Batu. The results showed that the performance measurement system can improve employee performance. The results of this study demonstrated that organizational culture as a moderating variable was able to strengthen the relationship of performance measurement system and remuneration to employee performance. In addition, the results of the study was unable to prove that remuneration can improve the employees’ performance, because the remuneration given by the directorate general of taxes is not accompanied by a good performance appraisal.
Mebel Ukir Jepara dalam Menghadapi Kompetisi Perdagangan Global: Analisis Upgrading dalam Global Value Chain
Authors: Widiartanti Febrilya
Published: February 2018

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis upaya pemerintah dalam meningkatkan daya saing industri mebel ukir kayu lokal yang disebut dengan Mebel Ukir Jepara (MUJ) dalam menghadapi kompetisi perdagangan global. Penelitian ini fokus pada kebijakan pemerintah untuk memfasilitasi kegiatan upgrading dan untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah MUJ dengan menggunakan analisis upgrading dalam Global Value Chain. Data diperoleh dari wawancara dan sebagian besar dari tinjauan pustaka di beberapa jurnal, koran dan artikel-artikel online, serta referensi data dari internet. Penelitian penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa penemuan. Pertama, bentuk upgrading MUJ dibagi menjadi dua yakni, upgrading statis dan dinamis. Kedua, untuk menghadapi kompetisi perdagangan global serta untuk
Peran Trauma dan Memori dalam Politik Luar Negeri: Studi Kasus Kebijakan Jerman Menerima Pengungsi Suriah 2011 – 2015
Authors: Wardhani Ratna Kusuma
Published: February 2018

AbstrakKrisis pengungsi di Eropa membuat negara-negara Eropa kewalahan dalam menerima pengungsi, namun berbeda dengan Jerman. Jerman menerapkan Kebijakan Pintu Terbuka untuk menangani krisis pengungsi dan menerima mereka dengan tangan terbuka, terutama dari Suriah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa mengapa Jerman menerima pengungsi Suriah dalam jumlah banyak melebihi negara Eropa lainnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep memori dan trauma dalam dunia politik untuk menjelaskan Kebijakan Pintu Terbuka Jerman. Trauma dan memori merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang dapat mempengaruhi pola kebijakan suatu negara. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa Kebijakan Pintu Terbuka Jerman didasari faktor masa lalu Jerman yaitu Holocaust. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian eksplanatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa trauma akibat Holocaust menciptakan memori yang mempengaruhi politik Jerman kontemporer dan berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan yang diterapkan Jerman saat ini. Jerman berharap dapat memperbaiki citra positifnya dengan menerapkan Kebijakan Pintu Terbuka.Kata Kunci: Memori, Kebijakan Pintu Terbuka, Trauma AbstractRefugee crisis in Europe made European countries overwhelmed in accepting refugees, except Germany. Germany implemented Open-Door Policy to solve the refugee crisis and welcoming them with open-heart, especially from Syria. This study aimed to analyze why Germany receive Syrian refugees in larger number than other European states. This study used the concept of memory and trauma to explain the Germany’s Open-Door Policy. Trauma and memory are two important factors that could affect the pattern of state policies. This study argues that the Germany’s Open-Door Policy is caused by its past event, namely Holocaust. This research is using qualitative method with explanative types. Conclusion of this study is the trauma of the Holocaust created a  memory that affects contemporary German Politics and effect  to Germany policy now. Germany hopes to improve its positive image by implementing the Open Door Policy.Keywords: Memory, Open-Door Policy, Trauma
Modeling of sorption and degradation of selected pharmaceuticals: Case study of Belgrade groundwater source
Authors: Dimkic Milan , Kovacevic Srdjan , Pusic Milenko , Dotlic Milan
Published: February 2018

The application of a mathematical model that analyzes the transport of
selected pharmaceuticals from the Sava River to a corresponding radial
collector well at Belgrade?s groundwater source is assessed. The occurrence
of the selected pharmaceuticals in surface water and the corresponding well
was monitored from 2009 to 2015. The pharmaceuticals selected for the present
study are carbamazepine, trimethoprim, and metamizole metabolites 4-AAA and
4-FAA. Transport is analyzed based on experimental data (sorption isotherms)
and a field tracer experiment that includes injection of the selected
pharmaceuticals. The analysis shows that sorption of carbamazepine is
relatively low and that this pharmaceutical does not degrade under the
studied conditions, so it is not possible to accurately determine the
degradation half-life. Trimethoprim is detected in the Sava River with an
average concentration 8.5 ng/L, but there is no positive detection in well
Rb-16. The average concentration of 4-AAA in the surface water is 34 ng/L and
of 4-FAA 13 ng/L. The average concentrations of 4-FAAand 4-AAA in the
groundwater are in the range from 1 and 1.85 ng/L. The objective of the
research is to use an existing hydrogeologic model and apply a transport
model to determine the minimum degradation half-life of the investigated
pharmaceuticals.
Effects of gamma radiation induced forced formation of free radicals on the strength of concrete for use in nuclear power plants
Authors: Burnham Steven , Faure Quentin , Tamplin Michelle , Huang Long , Jevremovic Tatjana
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we present a summary of preliminary experiments and numerical
assessments of the effects of gamma radiation induced formation of free
radicals in the curing stage of concrete on its characteristics.
Substantial literature reports on the damaging effects of long-term and
high-dose gamma and neutron exposure on concrete. However, we show that
short-term exposure of concrete to gamma radiation can be beneficial in
increasing its compressive strength. The effects of exposing to 630 MBq 137Cs
the 56 cubes each made of 125 cm3 concrete during the first seven days of
curing are compared to another 56 cubes cured by the conventional process.
The average compressive strength of the gamma cured cubes is around 8.500
psi, while conventionally cured cubes show the lower average strength of
around 6.700 psi. The microstructure of the gamma and conventionally cured
concrete cubes is analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. The
radiolysis within the microstructure of the concrete cubes is assessed with
computational modeling based on Geant4. The production of free radicals
from radiolysis is shown to increase with increasing source strength and
increasing the time of exposure to gamma radiation. This research shows in
general that curing concrete in gamma radiation field provides observable
trends toward its increased strength.
Investigation of the production of cobalt-60 via particle accelerator
Authors: Artun Ozan
Published: February 2018

The production process of cobalt-60 was simulated by a particle accelerator
in the energy range of 5 to 100 MeV, particle beam current of 1 mA, and
irradiation time of 1 hour to perform yield, activity of reaction, and
integral yield for charged particle-induced reactions. Based on nuclear
reaction processes, the obtained results in the production process of
cobalt-60 were also discussed in detail to determine appropriate target
material, optimum energy ranges, and suitable reactions.