bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El paradigma moderno del diseño industrial y la creación artística
Authors: González Carlos Federico
Published: December 2017

ResumenLas relaciones entre diseño y arte constituyen un problema que hace parte del núcleo fundamental de nociones sobre las cuales se constituyó y se le dio forma a lo que hoy en día es la profesión del diseño industrial. Revisar esas relaciones es el objetivo general de este escrito. Sin embargo, en el transcurso de la investigación desarrollada, se comprendió que para hacer una revisión como la propuesta era necesario examinar algunos conceptos sobreentendidos y establecer unas nociones mínimas con las cuales trabajar. No definir qué es arte y qué es diseño, sino examinar qué nociones teóricas han conformado en un transcurrir histórico las relaciones entre estas dos prácticas de creación. Como resultado de este proceso se ha propuesto el uso de una categoría conceptual a la que se ha llamado el paradigma moderno del diseño industrial.Palabras clave: Diseño Industrial, arte, artesanía, producción en serie, Escuela de Ulm, paradigma.**********************************************************The modern paradigm of industrial design and artistic creationAbstract:The relationships between design and art are a problem which is part of the core of notions on which was constituted and was given way to what today is the profession of industrial design. The reviewing these relationships is the overall objective of this writing. However, in the course of the investigation developed, were found that to make this review like is the proposal was necessary to examine some concepts and establish minimum notions with which to work. Not to define what is art and what is design, but consider what theoretical notions have shaped in a passing historical relations between these two practices of creation. As a result of this process, it is proposed the use of a conceptual category that has been called the modern paradigm of industrial design.Key words: Industrial Design, art, crafts, production in series, School of Ulm, paradigm.**********************************************************O paradigma moderno do desenho industrial e a criação artísticaResumoAs relações entre desenho e arte constituem um problema que faz parte do núcleo fundamental de noções sobre as quais se constituiu e se deu forma a o que hoje em dia é a profissão do desenho industrial. Revisar essas relações é o objetivo geral deste texto. No entanto, no transcurso da investigação desenvolvida, se compreendeu que para fazer uma revisão como a proposta era necessário examinar alguns conceitos sobre-entendidos e estabelecer umas noções mínimas com as quais trabalhar. Não definir o que é arte e o que é desenho, mas examinar que noções teóricas conformaram no transcorrer histórico as relações entre estas duas práticas de criação. Como resultado de este processo tem se proposto o uso de uma categoria conceitual à qual tem se denominado o paradigma moderno do desenho industrial. Palavras chave: Desenho industrial, Arte, Artesanato, Produção em série, escola de Ulm, Paradigma
Sensacionalismo, justicia y gobierno en la prensa neogranadina, 1830-1858
Authors: Parada García Gilberto Enrique
Published: December 2017

ResumenEl tema de este análisis es la historia de la prensa que se publicó durante la República de Nueva Granada (1830-1858). El trabajo pretende señalar el lugar que aquella ocupó en la vida pública de los neogranadinos. Para tal fin, se priorizan los casos en los cuales la prensa registró algunos eventos críticos del ámbito de la política, de ahí que se concluye que los periódicos cumplieron tres funciones esenciales. De una parte, fueron una herramienta pedagógica de los gobiernos para inculcar en los lectores una cultura del republicanismo. En segundo lugar, sirvieron como un amplificador del caos; por último se convirtieron en el escenario extrajurídico para resolver litigios durante las guerras. Palabras clave: Historia de la prensa, política, sensacionalismo, justicia, guerra.*********************************************************Sensationalism, justice and governance in the Nueva Granada press, 1830-1858AbstractThe subject of this analysis is the history of the press which was published during the Republic of New Granada (1830-1858). The work aims to point out the place that occupied in the public life of the New Granada people. For this purpose, are prioritized the cases in which the press recorded some critical of the scope of the policy events, hence, it is concluded that newspapers met three essential functions. First, were an educational tool of Governments to inculcate a culture of republicanism in readers. Second, they served as an amplifier of chaos; Finally became the extra-legal scenario to resolve disputes during the wars. Key words: History of the press, political, sensationalism, justice, war.**********************************************************Sensacionalismo, justiça e governo nos jornais neogranadinos, 1830-1858ResumoO tema desta análise é a história dos jornais que foram publicados durantes a República de Nueva Granada (1830-1858). O trabalho pretende sinalizar o lugar que aqueles ocuparam na vida pública dos neogranadinos. Para tal finalidade, se priorizam os casos nos quais os jornais registraram alguns eventos críticos do âmbito da política, daí se conclui que os jornais cumpriram três funções essenciais. De uma parte, foram ferramenta pedagógica dos governos para inculcar nos leitores uma cultura do republicanismo. No segundo termo, serviram como um amplificador do caos; por último, se converteram no cenário extrajurídico para resolver litígios durante as guerras. Palavras chave: História dos jornais, política, sensacionalismo, justiça, guerra.
Reseña: Cielo, infierno y purgatorio durante el virreinato de la Nueva España
Authors: Rodríguez Noratto Luis Alfonso
Published: December 2017

Título:Cielo, infierno y purgatorio durante el virreinato de la Nueva España GiselaAutora: Gisela Von WobeserEditorial: Editorial JusAño: 2011 México, D.F, 250 págs
Os símbolos e representações femininas da arte cemiterial no período republicano do Rio Grande do Sul/ Brasil (1889-1930)
Authors: Ismério Clarisse
Published: December 2017

ResumoA educação feminina no Rio Grande do Sul foi marcada pela influência do discurso positivista republicano, que reforçou a mentalidade conservadora, cujo objetivo era tirar a mulher do campo profissional e científico. Esse discurso é bastante difundido nas manifestações culturais e na arte cemiterial, no qual a finalidade maior era consolidar junto ao imaginário popular o símbolo da perfeição feminina, inspirado em Clotilde de Vaux, personificação da Religião da Humanidade. Podemos perceber, através da análise da arte cemiterial, que tais representações visavam educar a população e, principalmente, a mulher, conscientizando-a de seus deveres e de seu lugar dentro da sociedade. Palavras Chave: Representações femininas, arte cemiterial, mentalidade conservadora. **********************************************************************Female symbols and representations cemiterial art in the Republican period in the state of Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil (1889-1930)AbstractFemale education in Rio Grande do Sul was marked by the influence of the republican positivist discourse that reinforced the mentality conservative, whose goal was to take the woman away from their professional and scientific field. This discourse is widespread in cultural events and cemeterial art, in which the greatest purpose was to consolidate near the popular imagination the symbol of feminine perfection, inspired by Clotilde de Vaux, the personification of the Religion of Humanity. We can see through the analysis of cemeterial art that such representations were intended to educate the public, and especially women, raising awareness of her duties and their place in society by manipulating the popular imagination with symbols and signs. Key Words: Representations, womanly, cemeterial art, conservative mentality.********************************************************************** Los símbolos y representaciones femeninas del arte cementerial en el  período republicano en el estado de Rio Grande del Sur –Brasil (1889-1930)Resumen  La educación femenina en el Estado de Río Grande del Sur estuvo marcada por la influencia del discurso positivista republicano que reforzó la mentalidad conservadora, cuyo objetivo era alejar a la mujer del campo profesional y científico. Ese discurso es bastante difundido en las manifestaciones culturales y en el arte cemiterial, en el que el mayor propósito era consolidar em el imaginario popular el símbolo de la perfección femenina, inspirado por Clotilde de Vaux, personificación de la Religión de la Humanidad. Podemos percibir a través del análisis del arte cementerial que tales representaciones tenían la intención de educar al público, y especialmente a las mujeres, dando cuenta de sus obligaciones y de su lugar dentro de la sociedad, manipulando la imaginación popular con símbolos y signos. Palabras Clave: Representaciones, mujer, arte cementerial, mentalidad conservadora.
Los primeros debates por la tolerancia religiosa en el México independiente
Authors: Cortés Guerrero José David
Published: December 2017

ResumenEl artículo expone los primeros debates que se presentaron en el México independiente sobre la tolerancia religiosa, específicamente en la época de la redacción de la constitución política de 1824 y los surgidos por la obra de Vicente Rocafuerte, Ensayo sobre tolerancia religiosa, hacia 1831. En esos debates buscamos confrontar los argumentos expuestos a favor y en contra de la tolerancia religiosa, en una época en la cual parecía cuestionarse la tradicional e histórica intolerancia religiosa por parte de las ideas liberales proclives a derechos y garantías individuales como lo sería la tolerancia religiosa. En medio de estos debates pueden observarse las imágenes que se tenían sobre la Reforma protestante y el protestantismo, y cómo ellas podían afectar, positiva o negativamente, a México.  Palabras clave: tolerancia, intolerancia, México, Siglo XIX, tolerancia religiosa, Reforma Protestante. ****************************************************************************** The first debates about religious tolerancein independent México Abstract This article deals with the first debates that happened in the independent México about religious tolerance, specifically during the time of the writing of the Constitution of 1824 and those suggested in the work by Vicente Rocafuerte, Ensayo sobre la tolerancia religiosa, of 1831. In these debates, we seek contrast the arguments in favor and against religious tolerance, in a time where it seemed possible to question tradition and historical religious intolerance by the liberal ideas vulnerable to the rights of individuals like those given by religious tolerance. Within these debates it could be observed the images the Protestant Reform had and the Protestantism, and how these could affect México positively or adversely. Key words: tolerance, intolerance, México, XIX Century, religious tolerance, Protestant Reform  ******************************************************************************      Primeiros debates pela tolerância religiosano México independente Resumo O artigo expõe os primeiros debates acontecidos no México independente a respeito da tolerância religiosa, especificamente na época da redação da constituição política de 1824, mesmo como o debate gerado pela obra de Vicente Rocafuerte em 1931, chamada Ensaio sobre tolerância religiosa. Dos debates busca-se recriar os argumentos contra e a favor da tolerância religiosa, numa época em que as idéias liberais, propensas aos direitos e garantias individuais, pareciam questionar a tradicional intolerância religiosa. Em meio a estes debates emergem imagens populares sobre a Reforma protestante e o protestantismo no México. Palavras chave: tolerancia, intolerância, México, Século XIX, tolerância religiosa, reforma protestante
APLIKASI 3D VIRTUAL REALITY SEBAGAI MEDIA PENGENALAN KAMPUS POLITEKNIK NEGERI INDRAMAYU BERBASIS MOBILE
Authors: Riyadi Firman Setiawan , Sumarudin A. , Bunga Munengsih Sari
Published: December 2017

Campus promotion and introduction by some institutions in general still using the media images or print media, as is often done by State Polytechnic Indramayu in introducing and providing campus information is still using print media and images such as brochures or banners. Therefore, an application is required that can introduce and provide information about the campus, especially in the State Polytechnic Indramayu and provide information on existing buildings on campus using Virtual Reality technology. With the Virtual Reality technology is able to provide real information and can interact directly with the environment and buildings that exist in the campus although the appearance of the building and the environment still looks low poly. By setting up a smartphone that already supports or already support the Gyroscope sensor and set up Google CardBoard or VRBox glasses, users can directly use 3D virtual reality applications and can directly play it, but the effect of using this application can cause the user a bit dizzy because not used to using it. 3D Virtual Reality application is created by using software Unity, Blender, and C # programming language. The features available in this app are VR start, select building, how to use VR, and about VR. 3D virtual reality applications can be used by the State Polytechnic Indramayu as a medium of introduction Mobile-based campus that has a responsive display that can be run on smatrphone that already supports Accelerometer sensor. Gyroscope sensor, and Android operating system.
Cross-border outbreak of listeriosis caused by cold-smoked salmon, revealed by integrated surveillance and whole genome sequencing (WGS), Denmark and France, 2015 to 2017
Authors: Schjørring Susanne , Gillesberg Lassen Sofie , Jensen Tenna , Moura Alexandra , Kjeldgaard Jette S , Müller Luise , Thielke Stine , Leclercq Alexandre , Maury Mylene M , Tourdjman Mathieu , Donguy Marie-Pierre , Lecuit Marc , Ethelberg Steen , Nielsen Eva M
Published: December 2017

In August 2017, an outbreak of six listeriosis cases in Denmark was traced to cold-smoked salmon, using epidemiological investigations and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analyses. Exchange of genome sequences allowed identification in France of a food isolate from a salmon-derived product and a human isolate from 2016 within the same cgMLST cluster as the Danish isolates (L2-SL8-ST8-CT771). The salmon product came from a third European Union country. WGS can rapidly link human cases and food isolates across Europe.
Tratamiento económico y modelización del cuidado
Authors: Llorente-Marron Mar , Díaz-Fernández Montserrat , Dema-Moreno Sandra
Published: December 2017

El cuidado es un concepto expansivo que incluye el conjunto de actividades tendentes a garantizar la supervivencia y el bienestar de la población. Este artículo se propone analizar y caracterizar el cuidado como bien económico cuya provisión se realiza a través del mercado, administración pública y hogar, con implicaciones y tratamientos diferentes en estos tres ámbitos. Para ello, una vez presentada la problemática planteada desde una perspectiva pluridisciplinar, nos centraremos en las características que la teoría económica otorga a los bienes económicos y discutiremos cómo cada una de ellas se manifiesta en el cuidado. También se analizarán sus curvas de oferta y demanda, los agentes implicados y el equilibrio del mercado. La descripción económica realizada nos conduce a considerar que el comportamiento de este mercado es claramente imperfecto y además nos indica la necesidad de efectuar una reorganización social del cuidado.
Air inflated Greenhouse As Urban Farming Facilities: Architectural Overview
Authors: Abidin Syed Zainol , Nasihien Ronny D. , Budiyanto Hery
Published: December 2017

Urban Farming utilizing land intensification, in order to meet the needs of fresh vegetables and fruits everyday for the community residential / housing in urban areas. Air Inflated Greenhouse as urban farming facilities, can be built and transferred to a residential location / specific housing is easy, safe, fast and lightweight (0,55mm PVC tarpaulin) so that urban farming products closer to consumers in urban settlements, the price impact getting cheaper, but quality. Long-term goal is to develop prototype Air inflated Greenhouse as facilities Urban Farming which fulfills the power, speed, effectiveness, comfort and encourage crops of fruit / vegetable hydroponic hygienic, cheap and profitable, so that the product Air Inflated Greenhouse automatically support an increase in food production, specific target is the availability prototype Air Inflated Greenhouse as Urban Farming facility in order to increase productivity of crops of fruit / vegetable hydroponic hygienic, cheap and profitable, so the high prospects for mass production by SMEs Partners to meet national food requirements. Methods using methods Experiments and Action Research, beginning with the development of design, manufacture, testing and repair of prototype Air Inflated Greenhouse includes (1) a test of strength and endurance of materials Air Inflated Greenhouse to the weather, (2) test material Air Inflated Greenhouse most effective as a component of the structure, (3) test the speed of manufacture, transport, assembly, installation, dismantling Air Inflated Greenhouse, (4) test the temperature, humidity and air pressure in the Air Inflated Greenhouse.
Determinan Pembiayaan Bagi Hasil Perbankan Syariah Di Indonesia: Model Regresi Panel
Authors: Al Arif M Nur Rianto , Nurhikmah Ika
Published: December 2017

Financing is one of the performance’s indicator in Islamic banking industry. The aim of this research is to examine the factors that influence the financing in the Indonesian Islamic banking industry. The method that used in this research is panel regression with fixed effect model. The variabels that used in this research are capital ratio, profitability ratio, default rate, liquidity ratio, efficiency ratio, deposit fund, inflation, and profit sharing yield. The result shows that the capital ratio, profitability ratio, efficiency ratio, deposit funds, and profit sharing yield had an impact on financing in the Indonesian Islamic banking industry. This result implies that the Islamic banks should maintain the internal factors to increase the financing in the Islamic banking industry.
A study of far infrared loop at -5o galactic latitude around pulsar J1627-5547
Authors: Jha A K , Aryal B
Published: December 2017

We present physical properties of the core region of infrared loop G329-05 which is found to be located within 1o from the pulsar PSR J1627-5547.  The loop has 3-fold reduced flux density than its surroundings.  In the 100 micron infrared map, a new cavity-like isolated far infrared dust structure of core region (size ~0.750 x 0.230 ) is  found at R.A. (J2000)= 16h 27m 19.9s & Dec. (J2000) = -56035’14”. This loop is believed to be formed because of high pressure events occurred in the past. The dust color temperature of the core region is found to lie in the range 25.26 ± 0.09 K to 27.91 ± 0.09 K, whereas the value of dust color temperature increased to 36.72 ± 0.18  K for the outer region. The dust color temperature and dust mass distribution maps showed that the low temperature region has greater density as expected. The dust mass of the core region of the loop is found to be 1.67 x 1027 kg i.e. about 0.00835 Mʘ. The core region of the loop is found to be edge-on (i ˃780) whereas the larger structure is faced-on (i =00). Possible explanation of results will be presented.BIBECHANA 15 (2018) 70-76
Effect of position of irregularity in concrete frame on response to seismic forces
Authors: Islam Md. Tariqul , Azad Md Samdani , Atif Md. Fahim , Azad Gazi Md. Sharfaraz Imam
Published: December 2017

This paper deals with the irregular profile of concrete frame building along vertical direction comprising of mass discontinuity and overhanging mass. The underlying fact of the paper is the effect of seismic force in concrete frames with different types of irregularities including mass discontinuity and overhanging mass. For each successive model, the position of overhanging mass and mass discontinuity is kept variable to make the study effective. This study delineates the vulnerable effect of mass discontinuity and overhanging mass in concrete frame buildings. To attain the nonlinear property of each element of frame, pushover analysis method along with the equivalent static force method has been adopted for the present study. UBC97 code has been used here for linear static analysis while the parameters for nonlinear static analysis are arrogated from FEMA356 and ATC40. Investigations on different frames exhibit that the location of mass discontinuity and overhanging mass can be a key matter to avoid risks due to earthquake. While considering the design of such frames which have irregularities, designer must think about the position of irregularity. Basically, vulnerability increases in the mass discontinuity if the irregularity is in lower stories. Moreover, vulnerability increases in the overhanging masses if the irregularity is in higher stories.BIBECHANA 15 (2018) 121-130
National Identity, Club Citizenship, and the Formation of the Canadian Wheelman’s Association, 1883–87
Authors: Norcliffe Glen
Published: December 2017

This article draws on commentary and articles published in the Canadian Wheelman’s Association’s (CWA) journal—The Canadian Wheelman—during its first four years (1883–87), as this group of elite young men developed a distinctive Anglo-Canadian cycling identity in the face of pressure from their US counterparts to become a subordinate state division of the larger US Wheelmen organization. The League of American Wheelmen proposed the absorption of the CWA as a fitting termination. In a small way, this episode exemplifies American attitudes toward Canada at a time of rapid American expansion and Canadian resistance to that project. Events indicate the emergence among Canadian wheelmen of a distinctive national identity that retained close allegiance to British cycling culture, adapted to the long winters by engaging in complementary winter sports, took pleasure in boisterous club gatherings, rode with enthusiasm during the cycling season, and ultimately defied geopolitical pressure to be absorbed into the American system.
Synthesis of Spiro Thiazolo[3,2-a]Pyrimidine-Tetrahydrothiophenes via Sulfa-Michael/Aldol Cascade Reactions
Authors: Yan Jinlong , Fu Xinliang , Li Wei
Published: December 2017

The sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of 2-arylmethylidene-6,7-dihydro-2 H-thiazolo[3,2- a]pyrimidin-3(5 H)-ones and 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol afforded novel 2′-aryl-4′-hydroxy-4′,5′,6,7-tetrahydro-2′ H-spiro[thiazolo[3,2- a]pyrimidine-2,3′-thiophen]-3(5 H)-ones in good yields. The structures of all products were characterised thoroughly by NMR, IR, HRMS, together with X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Synthesis of Novel Derivatives of (Benz)Imidazo[2,1-b]Pyrimido[4,5-d][1,3]Thiazine
Authors: Akbarzadeh Marzieh , Bakavoli Mehdi , Eshghi Hossein , Shiri Ali
Published: December 2017

Several derivatives of the novel heterocyclic systems 2-substituted-imidazo- and benzimidazo-[2,1- b]pyrimido[4,5- d][1,3]thiazine have been synthesised through the one-pot cyclocondensation of 2,4-dichloro-5-(chloromethyl)-6-methylpyrimidine with imidazolidine-2-thione and 1 H-benzimidazole-2(3 H)-thione and subsequently substituted by various secondary amines in moderately good yields.
Guidelines for Formulating Anti-Pollution Products
Authors: Mistry Niraj
Published: December 2017

Anti-pollution skin care and cosmetic products are witnessing a significant growth in the last couple of years due to worsening air quality across the world, and increasing awareness and concern regarding the adverse impact of various environmental pollutants on skin. The various pollutants, like particulate matter, oxides of nitrogen and sulphur, ozone, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons damage skin by different mechanism resulting in skin dryness, loss of firmness, dark spots, uneven skin tone, fine lines and wrinkles, aggravation of acne, and inflammation. The task of developing globally harmonized products is very challenging due differences in skin types according to ethnicity, variation in seasonal weather pattern, differences in benefit expectations, and variances in personal care and cosmetics usage habits of consumers in different regions of the world. However, an increasing understanding about the mechanism by which various pollutants damage the skin manifesting into various extrinsic signs of skin damage and development of various actives that counter the impact of different environmental aggressors has helped formulators to develop different products and to establish efficacy by in vitro and in vivo tests. The article summarizes approaches for formulation development, and a list of few actives classified based in their mechanism action is given. A representative list of products based on their mechanism of action is also given and few potential opportunities for the future are suggested.
Successful Treatment of Pulmonary and Cerebral Toxoplasmosis Associated with Pneumocystis Pneumonia in an HIV Patient
Authors: Rey Marie-Françoise , Mary Charles , Sanguinetti Diane , Ranque Stéphane , Bartoli Christophe , L’Ollivier Coralie
Published: December 2017

In both the post and pre combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era, Pneumocystis jirovecii and Toxoplasma gondii remain common opportunistic infectious agents. The common manifestations are pneumonia for P. jirovecii and brain abscess for T. gondii. Nevertheless, co-infection remains rare, and pulmonary toxoplasmosis is scarce, or may be underestimated because of its similarity with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. We reported an uncommon case of an AIDS patient (6 CD4 + T cells/mm3) with both pulmonary and cerebral toxoplasmosis associated with pneumocystis pneumonia. The patient presented with general weakness, fever and dyspnea. Pulmonary toxoplasmosis and pneumocystis were confirmed by microscopic examination and DNA detection in the bronchoalveolar lavage. Computed tomography imaging of the brain revealed a single characteristic cerebral toxoplasmosis lesion of the left capsular area. He was successful treated by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxaxole in conjunction with an early reintroduction of cART, and without IRIS development. During a 3-year follow-up, HIV viral load remained undetectable, and the patient did not relapse for toxoplasmosis or Pneumocystis pneumonia.
Investigation of the Magnetic Circuit and Performance of Less-Rare-Earth Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines Used for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Zheng Ping , Wang Weinan , Wang Mingqiao , Liu Yong , Fu Zhenxing
Published: December 2017

The less-rare-earth interior permanent-magnet synchronous machines (LRE-IPMSMs), which have the advantages of high power density, high efficiency, and low cost, are promising candidates for electric vehicles (EVs). In this paper, the equivalent magnetic circuit (EMC) of LRE-IPMSM is established and analyzed to investigate the machine design principles, and then the performance of an optimized machine is analyzed. Firstly, the equivalent magnetic circuits of the LRE-IPMSM are established by taking the saturation effect into consideration. Secondly, the effects of geometric parameters, such as the permanent-magnet (PM) width, the PM thickness, the flux barrier thickness, the flux barrier span angle, and the bridge width, on no-load flux, q-axis flux, and d-axis flux are investigated, respectively. The results calculated by the EMC method and finite-element analysis (FEA) are analyzed and compared, which proves the effectiveness of the EMC method. Finally, an optimized design of LRE-IPMSM obtained by the magnetic circuit analyses is proposed. The electromagnetic performances and mechanical strength of the optimized LRE-IPMSM are analyzed and verified, respectively.
Comparison of Lithium-Ion Anode Materials Using an Experimentally Verified Physics-Based Electrochemical Model
Authors: Fu Rujian , Zhou Xuan , Fan Hengbin , Blaisdell Douglas , Jagadale Ajay , Zhang Xi , Xiong Rui
Published: December 2017

Researchers are in search of parameters inside Li-ion batteries that can be utilized to control their external behavior. Physics-based electrochemical model could bridge the gap between Li+ transportation and distribution inside battery and battery performance outside. In this paper, two commercially available Li-ion anode materials: graphite and Lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12 or LTO) were selected and a physics-based electrochemical model was developed based on half-cell assembly and testing. It is found that LTO has a smaller diffusion coefficient (Ds) than graphite, which causes a larger overpotential, leading to a smaller capacity utilization and, correspondingly, a shorter duration of constant current charge or discharge. However, in large current applications, LTO performs better than graphite because its effective particle radius decreases with increasing current, leading to enhanced diffusion. In addition, LTO has a higher activation overpotential in its side reactions; its degradation rate is expected to be much smaller than graphite, indicating a longer life span.
River and Submarine Groundwater Discharge Effects on Diatom Phytoplankton Abundance in the Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Lecher Alanna , Mackey Katherine , Paytan Adina
Published: December 2017

The Gulf of Alaska is a highly productive ecosystem that supports fisheries and subsistence harvesting of marine resources. The highly productive summer season begins with a bloom that is dominated by diatoms. Both river and submarine groundwater discharge have been recognized as substantial terrestrial nutrient (nitrate and silicate) sources to the Gulf’s coastal waters. Here, the response of in-situ phytoplankton to groundwater and river water additions was evaluated via a bioassay incubation experiment. Special attention was given to diatom genera, as previous studies have shown that submarine groundwater discharge preferentially induces growth of diatoms. The abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia spp., Chaetoceros spp., and Leptocylindrus spp. increased significantly in groundwater and river water containing treatments. Although groundwater and river water are both rich in nitrate and silicate, groundwater treatments with a higher salinity favored a higher relative abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. Conversely, in the highest river water concentration treatments with lower salinity, relative abundances of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. decreased, while Chaetoceros spp. and Leptocylindrus spp. increased. Total abundances of all three genera increased in the lower salinity treatments. These findings could portend changes in the phytoplankton community composition in the Gulf of Alaska as the climate warms and river discharge increases in the coming decades. Furthermore, the findings support previous assertions that submarine groundwater discharge, with higher salinity than river water, is a preferable source of nutrients to the genus Pseudo-nitzschia.
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Juice Shows Antioxidant Activity against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis-Induced Oxidative Stress in Female BALB/c Mice
Authors: Alkathiri Badriah , El-Khadragy Manal , Metwally Dina , Al-Olayan Ebtesam , Bakhrebah Muhammed , Abdel Moneim Ahmed
Published: December 2017

Leishmania species are parasites that multiply within phagocytes and cause several clinical diseases characterized by single or multiple ulcerations. One of the complications that can induce tissue damage and the resulting scars is caused by secondary bacterial infections. Studies to find new, effective, and safe oral drugs for treating leishmaniasis are being conducted since several decades, owing to the problems associated with the use of antimonials available. Previously, the antiparasitic and antioxidant properties of Punica granatum (pomegranate, P. granatum) have been reported. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the antileishmanial activity of pomegranate aqueous juice in vitro and in female BALB/c mice. A 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in Leishmania major promastigotes and alterations in the antioxidant status, liver function, and skin histological changes in L. major-infected mice orally treated with pomegranate juice alone and in combination with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, were used to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity of pomegranate juice, respectively. Oral P. granatum juice treatment significantly reduced the average size of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions compared with that of the untreated mice. This antileishmanial activity of P. granatum was associated with enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities. Histopathological evaluation proved the antileishmanial activity of P. granatum, but did not reveal changes in the treated animals, compared to the positive control. In conclusion, P. granatum shows high and fast antileishmanial activity probably by boosting the endogenous antioxidant activity.
Supporting Active Mobility and Green Jobs through the Promotion of Cycling
Authors: Scotini Rodrigo , Skinner Ian , Racioppi Francesca , Fusé Virginia , Bertucci Jonas , Tsutsumi Rie
Published: December 2017

This article is a summary of the main findings of the study “Riding towards the green economy: cycling and green jobs”, which was developed in the context of the Transport, Health and Environment pan-European Programme (THE PEP). It builds on previous work under THE PEP, which demonstrated the job creation potential of cycling and of green and healthy transport more generally. The report summarized in this article collected data on jobs associated with cycling directly from city authorities and analysed these to re-assess previous estimates of the job creation potential of cycling. It concluded that the number of cycling-related jobs in the pan-European Region could increase by 435,000 in selected major cities if they increased their cycling share to that of the Danish capital Copenhagen. The implications and potential role of municipal and sub-national authorities in facilitating cycling while supporting economic development are then discussed. These findings indicate that investment in policies that promote cycling could deliver not only important benefits for health, the environment and the quality of urban life, but could also contribute to a sizable creation of job opportunities. Authorities need to be proactive in promoting cycling in order to deliver these benefits.
Galectins and Carcinogenesis: Their Role in Head and Neck Carcinomas and Thyroid Carcinomas
Authors: Kindt Nadège , Journe Fabrice , Ghanem Ghanem , Saussez Sven
Published: December 2017

Head and neck cancers are among the most frequently occurring cancers worldwide. Of the molecular drivers described for these tumors, galectins play an important role via their interaction with several intracellular pathways. In this review, we will detail and discuss this role with specific reference to galectins-1, -3, and -7 in angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and invasion as well as in cell transformation and cancer progression. Furthermore, we will evaluate the prognostic value of galectin expression in head and neck cancers including those with oral cavity, salivary gland, and nasopharyngeal pathologies. In addition, we will discuss the involvement of these galectins in thyroid cancers where their altered expression is proposed as a new diagnostic biomarker.
Performance of Rim-Seals in Upstream and Downstream Cavities over a Range of Flow Coefficients
Authors: Patinios Marios , Scobie James , Sangan Carl , Lock Gary
Published: December 2017

This paper presents measurements of CO2 concentration and pressure in a new, highly instrumented and versatile, 1.5-stage gas turbine facility. The rig, which has been specifically designed for investigations related to hot gas ingestion, features interchangeable rim-seals, blading configurations, and the capability to operate at a wide range of flow coefficients. The turbine section includes an upstream and a downstream wheel-space on either side of a rotor disc featuring turned blades. Measurements of CO2 concentration and steady static pressure were used to assess the pressure field in the turbine annulus and to investigate the performance of a radial clearance rim seal in both wheel-spaces. The wealth of data presented will be of great significance for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) validation studies considering downstream cavities. Pressure measurements were made at various locations in the turbine annulus for a range of flow coefficients. In the annulus upstream of the rotor blades the square root of the peak-to-trough pressure difference was shown to increase linearly with the flow coefficient. The radial variation in concentration effectiveness in the upstream and downstream wheel-spaces is provided for a range of sealing flow rates at an operating point near the design condition for the stage. In both cases, the concentration on the stator walls was virtually invariant with the radius and equal to that in the rotating core. The results also showed that for the same effectiveness, a smaller value of non-dimensional sealing flow is required in the downstream wheel-space, indicating a weaker driver for ingress. Off-design measurements of the value of the sealing flow parameter when the concentration effectiveness is 95% in both wheel-spaces are also provided for a range of flow coefficients. In the upstream wheel-space, the sealing flow parameter, and hence ingress, is shown to increase linearly with flow coefficient and be proportional to the square root of the peak-to-trough difference of the circumferential pressure variation in the annulus. Downstream of the blades, both the sealing flow parameter and the square root of the peak-to-trough pressure difference reach a minimum near the operating point, indicating that ingress is affected by the vane pressure field immediately downstream of the seal clearance.
Framework for Flexural Rigidity Estimation in Euler-Bernoulli Beams Using Deformation Influence Lines
Authors: Zeinali Yasha , Story Brett
Published: December 2017

Structural degradation is an inevitable part of a structure’s service life. Detecting structural impairments and assessing their nature is a significant challenge. Degradations reduce structural system stiffness and subsequently affect system deformations. An appropriate structural health index that is able to capture these changes in deformation and relate them to a structural system stiffness may help engineers to adequately rate structural condition. This paper outlines a theoretical framework for the utilization of static deformation influence lines for estimating the flexural rigidity of Euler-Bernoulli beams. In the proposed technique, the relationship between the second derivative of the deformation influence line and the flexural rigidity for both statically determinate and indeterminate beam structures is presented. The proposed method provides a flexural rigidity estimate (FRE) over the entire span that is based on a single measurement location and estimates both the location and severity of impairments, regardless of the location of the measurement or the damaged zones. Noisy analytical simulations are presented with noise levels of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%; in all cases the modeled damage is quantified and localized using the FRE. A laboratory experiment is also presented that validates the theoretical framework.
A Micro-Pressure Sensing Method Based on the Micropatterned Electrodes Filled with the Microspheres
Authors: Cui Jianli , Zhang Binzhen , Duan Junping , Guo Hao , Tang Jun
Published: December 2017

As the core component of the sense of touch, flexible pressure sensors are critical to synchronized interactions with the surrounding environment. Here, we introduce a new type of flexible capacitive pressure sensor based on a template of electrodes, with a one-dimensional pyramid micropatterned structure on a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate and a dielectric layer of polystyrene (PS) microspheres. The proposed sensor exhibits a stable and high sensing sensitivity of 0.741 kPa−1 to capacitance, good durability over 1000 cycles, and fast response time (<150 ms). Our flexible capacitive sensor responds not only to pressure but also to bending forces. Our device can be used to monitor the location and distribution of weight pressure. The proposed capacitive pressure sensor has itself been applied foreground in lots of aspects, such as electronic skins, wearable robotics, and biomedical devices.
Dead Pericarps of Dry Fruits Function as Long-Term Storage for Active Hydrolytic Enzymes and Other Substances That Affect Germination and Microbial Growth
Authors: Godwin James , Raviv Buzi , Grafi Gideon
Published: December 2017

It is commonly assumed that dead pericarps of dry indehiscent fruits have evolved to provide an additional physical layer for embryo protection and as a means for long distance dispersal. The pericarps of dry fruits undergo programmed cell death (PCD) during maturation whereby most macromolecules such DNA, RNA, and proteins are thought to be degraded and their constituents remobilized to filial tissues such as embryo and endosperm. We wanted to test the hypothesis that the dead pericarp represents an elaborated layer that is capable of storing active proteins and other substances for increasing survival rate of germinating seeds. Using in gel assays we found that dead pericarps of both dehiscent and indehiscent dry fruits of various plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana and Sinapis alba release upon hydration multiple active hydrolytic enzymes that can persist in an active form for decades, including nucleases, proteases, and chitinases. Proteomic analysis of indehiscent pericarp of S. alba revealed multiple proteins released upon hydration, among them proteases and chitinases, as well as proteins involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification and cell wall modification. Pericarps appear to function also as a nutritional element-rich storage for nitrate, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, and others. Sinapis alba dehiscent and indehiscent pericarps possess germination inhibitory substances as well as substances that promote microbial growth. Collectively, our study explored previously unknown features of the dead pericarp acting also as a reservoir of biological active proteins, and other substances capable of “engineering” the microenvironment for the benefit of the embryo.
pH-Responsive Host–Guest Complexation in Pillar[6]arene-Containing Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films
Authors: Nicolas Henning , Yuan Bin , Xu Jiangfei , Zhang Xi , Schönhoff Monika
Published: December 2017

A water-soluble, anionic pillar[6]arene derivative (WP6) is applied as monomeric building block for the layer-by-layer self-assembly of thin polyelectrolyte multilayer films, and its pH-dependent host–guest properties are employed for the reversible binding and release of a methylviologen guest molecule. The alternating assembly of anionic WP6 and cationic diazo resin (DAR) is monitored in-situ by a dissipative quartz crystal microbalance (QCM-D). In solution, the formation of a stoichiometric inclusion complex of WP6 and cationic methylviologen (MV) as guest molecule is investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry and UV-vis spectroscopy, respectively, and attributed to electrostatic interactions as primary driving force of the host–guest complexation. Exposure of WP6-containing multilayers to MV solution reveals a significant decrease of the resonance frequency, confirming MV binding. Subsequent release is achieved by pH lowering, decreasing the host–guest interactions. The dissociation of the host–guest complex, release of the guest from the film, as well as full reversibility of the binding event are identified by QCM-D. In addition, UV-vis data quantify the surface coverage of the guest molecule in the film after loading and release, respectively. These findings establish the pH-responsiveness of WP6 as a novel external stimulus for the reversible guest molecule recognition in thin films.
Carrying Hope; Pre-Registration Nursing Students’ Understanding and Awareness of Their Spiritual Needs from Their Experiences in Practice: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Wigley Wendy
Published: December 2017

Spirituality is integral to health and wellbeing and a fundamental element of nursing care. Nonetheless, evidence suggests that spirituality is a frequently ignored aspect of nursing education and care. From 2008 to 2010 a Glaserian grounded theory design was used to explore and explain pre-registration nursing students’ personal understanding of their own spirituality and the relationship between experiences in clinical practice and spiritual awareness. While there is evidence that examines relevance of providing spiritual care to service users, at that time, minimal research has been undertaken to examine spiritual needs in pre-registration nursing students. A theory of carrying hope emerged from the findings to explain how pre-registration nursing students resolve clinical experiences with spiritual awareness. The findings identified that pre-registration nursing students’ awareness of spirituality can be explained in three main Basic Social Processes (BSPs): struggling, safeguarding and seeking. This study highlights the extreme personal challenge pre-registration nursing students experience as a result of their experiences in clinical practice and the impact this has upon their spiritual awareness. Recommendations from this study include the implementation of a model of pastoral care for tutors to support spiritual needs of during transition from student to registration.
An Enhanced Three-Factor User Authentication Scheme Using Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Wang Chenyu , Xu Guoai , Sun Jing
Published: December 2017

As an essential part of Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have touched every aspect of our lives, such as health monitoring, environmental monitoring and traffic monitoring. However, due to its openness, wireless sensor networks are vulnerable to various security threats. User authentication, as the first fundamental step to protect systems from various attacks, has attracted much attention. Numerous user authentication protocols armed with formal proof are springing up. Recently, two biometric-based schemes were proposed with confidence to be resistant to the known attacks including offline dictionary attack, impersonation attack and so on. However, after a scrutinization of these two schemes, we found them not secure enough as claimed, and then demonstrated that these schemes suffer from various attacks, such as offline dictionary attack, impersonation attack, no user anonymity, no forward secrecy, etc. Furthermore, we proposed an enhanced scheme to overcome the identified weaknesses, and proved its security via Burrows–Abadi–Needham (BAN) logic and the heuristic analysis. Finally, we compared our scheme with other related schemes, and the results showed the superiority of our scheme.