bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Muzeum-archiwum pamięci. Uwagi na temat roli materiałów archeologicznych w muzeach-miejscach pamięci na przykładzie KL Plaszow
Authors: Śmietana Marta , Karski Kamil
Published: January 2021

The issues of memory, heritage, and archaeology are strictly connected to the archaeology of the contemporary past and the Nazi period. That connection is a new field of research that lead to the reconceptualization of ideas of a museum, archives, and their relations to memory. In the paper authors discuss the case study of the area of former labor and concentration camp Plaszow in Krakow (1942–1945). Since 2016, numerous archeological research and education programs were conducted by the Museum of Krakow. The main purpose of documentation, surface surveys, and excavations was preservation of the architectural relicts and landscape, and supplementing the historical knowledge of authentic archaeological sources. The results of the research were related to the preparation of the boundaries for the future commemoration of the former camp’s area and its history as a museum and memorial site. The outcome of the archaeological activity is collection of artifacts, documentation and archaeological knowledge that influenced the idea of commemoration in its specific way. The article attempts to answer the questions about the categories of archives and museums.
Jeszcze o potrzebie dokumentowania leksyki gwarowej (na przykładzie wybranych wyrazów południowomałopolskich z okolic Biecza)
Authors: Karaś Halina
Published: January 2021

Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na potrzebę dokumentowania leksyki gwarowej. Mimo iż polska dialektologia może poszczycić się wieloma opracowaniami, to jednak ciągle przekonujemy się podczas badań terenowych, że dokumentacja słownictwa gwarowego jest niepełna. W artykule na przykładzie wybranych wyrazów południowomałopolskich odnotowanych we wsiach Bugaj i Sitnica pokazuję, jak wiele jeszcze dialektyzmów jest nieudokumentowanych, nieodnotowanych w istniejących źródłach, albo też jak ich poświadczenia są niepełne, zwłaszcza w zakresie różnych ich znaczeń.
Zmiany w gwarowym systemie leksykalnym a praktyka leksykograficzna
Authors: Kąś Józef
Published: January 2021

W artykule omawiane są: struktura gwarowego systemu leksykalnego oraz zmiany w tym systemie dokonujące się w wyniku oddziaływania słownictwa ogólnopolskiego i zmian cywilizacyjno-społecznych na wsi. Strukturę systemu leksykalnego tworzy słownictwo wspólne z polszczyzną ogólną (słownictwo współsystemowe, kulturowe i interferencyjne) oraz słownictwo dyferencyjne. W zakresie zmian wskazuje się na zapożyczenia nazw razem z przyjmowaniem nowych elementów kultury, na tworzenie neologizmów i neosemantyzmów oraz na przesuwanie leksemów do słownictwa biernego.
Łużyckie materiały językowe w Atlasie języka i kultury ludowej Wielkopolski
Authors: Lewaszkiewicz Tadeusz
Published: January 2021

Atlas języka i kultury ludowej Wielkopolski dosyć znacznie wzbogaca wiedzę o związkach językowych Łużyc z zachodnią i południowo-zachodnią Wielkopolską. W komentarzach do 42 map (zob. II.1.) zawarto ustalenia i sugestie, których w większości nie znajdziemy w dotychczas wydanych monografiach dialektologicznych oraz w artykułach. Mogą to być rzeczywiste związki językowe łączące Łużyce z Wielkopolską i północno-zachodnim Śląskiem, ale nie można również hipotetycznie wykluczyć, że są to przynajmniej częściowo rodzime elementy językowe po przesiedleńcach z Łużyc, którzy dawno temu językowo się spolonizowali. Wydaje się, że znajomość związków językowych łużycko-wielkopolskich mogą pogłębić wnikliwe badania porównawcze z łużycczyzną. Chodzi o 11 komentarzy do map (zob. II.4.). Na uwagę zasługują również wspólne zwyczaje łączące Łużyce z zachodnią oraz południową Wielkopolską (zob. II.5.).
Multimodal Imaging Brain Markers in Early Adolescence Are Linked with a Physically Active Lifestyle
Authors: Salvan Piergiorgio , Wassenaar Thomas , Wheatley Catherine , Beale Nicholas , Cottaar Michiel , Papp Daniel , Bastiani Matteo , Fitzgibbon Sean , Duff Euguene , Andersson Jesper , Winkler Anderson M. , Douaud Gwenaëlle , Nichols Thomas E. , Smith Stephen , Dawes Helen , Johansen-Berg Heidi
Published: January 2021

The World Health Organization promotes physical exercise and a healthy lifestyle as means to improve youth development. However, relationships between physical lifestyle and human brain development are not fully understood. Here, we asked whether a human brain–physical latent mode of covariation underpins the relationship between physical activity, fitness, and physical health measures with multimodal neuroimaging markers. In 50 12-year old school pupils (26 females), we acquired multimodal whole-brain MRI, characterizing brain structure, microstructure, function, myelin content, and blood perfusion. We also acquired physical variables measuring objective fitness levels, 7 d physical activity, body mass index, heart rate, and blood pressure. Using canonical correlation analysis, we unravel a latent mode of brain–physical covariation, independent of demographics, school, or socioeconomic status. We show that MRI metrics with greater involvement in this mode also showed spatially extended patterns across the brain. Specifically, global patterns of greater gray matter perfusion, volume, cortical surface area, greater white matter extra-neurite density, and resting state networks activity covaried positively with measures reflecting a physically active phenotype (high fit, low sedentary individuals). Showing that a physically active lifestyle is linked with systems-level brain MRI metrics, these results suggest widespread associations relating to several biological processes. These results support the notion of close brain-body relationships and underline the importance of investigating modifiable lifestyle factors not only for physical health but also for brain health early in adolescence.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAn active lifestyle is key for healthy development. In this work, we answer the following question: How do brain neuroimaging markers relate with young adolescents' level of physical activity, fitness, and physical health? Combining advanced whole-brain multimodal MRI metrics with computational approaches, we show a robust relationship between physically active lifestyles and spatially extended, multimodal brain imaging-derived phenotypes. Suggesting a wider effect on brain neuroimaging metrics than previously thought, this work underlies the importance of studying physical lifestyle, as well as other brain–body relationships in an effort to foster brain health at this crucial stage in development.
Vitamin D status and pathway genes in five European autoimmune Addison’s disease cohorts
Authors: Penna-Martinez Marissa , Meyer Gesine , Wolff Anette Boe , Skinningsrud Beate , Betterle Corrado , Falorni Alberto , Ollier William , Undlien Dag , Husebye Eystein , Pearce Simon , Mitchell Anna L , Badenhoop Klaus
Published: January 2021

Objective

While vitamin D regulates immune cells, little is known about it in autoimmune Addison’s disease (AAD). We investigated the vitamin D status in AAD patients from five European populations to assess its deficiency. In addition, we studied two case-control cohorts for vitamin D metabolism and pathway genes.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Methods

A total of 1028 patients with AAD from Germany (n = 239), Italy (n = 328), Norway (n = 378), UK (n = 44) and Poland (n = 39) and 679 controls from Germany (n = 301) and Norway (n = 378) were studied for 25(OH)D3 (primary objective). Secondary objectives (1,25(OH)2D3 and pathway genes) were examined in case-controls from Germany and Norway correlating 25(OH)D3 and single nucleotide polymorphisms within genes encoding the vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1-α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1), 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) and vitamin D binding protein (GC/DBP).

Results

Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D3 10–20 ng/mL) was highly prevalent in AAD patients (34–57%), 5–22% were severely deficient (<10 ng/mL), 28–38% insufficient (20–30 ng/mL) and only 7–14% sufficient (>30 ng/mL). Lower 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 levels were observed both in Norwegian and German AAD (P = 0.03/0.003 and P = 1 × 10-5/< 1 × 10-7, respectively) the former was associated with CYP2R1 (rs1553006) genotype G. Whereas controls achieved sufficient median 25(OH)D3 in summers (21.4 to 21.9 ng/mL), AAD patients remained largely deficient (18.0 to 21.2 ng/mL) and synthesize less 1,25(OH)2D3.

Conclusion

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are highly prevalent in AAD patients. The vitamin D status of AAD may be influenced by genetic factors and suggests individual vitamin D requirements throughout the year.
Corticotroph tumor progression after bilateral adrenalectomy (Nelson’s syndrome): systematic review and expert consensus recommendations
Authors: Reincke Martin , Albani Adriana , Assie Guillaume , Bancos Irina , Brue Thierry , Buchfelder Michael , Chabre Olivier , Ceccato Filippo , Daniele Andrea , Detomas Mario , Di Dalmazi Guido , Elenkova Atanaska , Findling James , Grossman Ashley B , Gomez-Sanchez Celso E , Heaney Anthony P , Honegger Juergen , Karavitaki Niki , Lacroix Andre , Laws Edward R , Losa Marco , Murakami Masanori , Newell-Price John , Pecori Giraldi Francesca , Pérez‐Rivas Luis G , Pivonello Rosario , Rainey William E , Sbiera Silviu , Schopohl Jochen , Stratakis Constantine A , Theodoropoulou Marily , van Rossum Elisabeth F C , Valassi Elena , Zacharieva Sabina , Rubinstein German , Ritzel Katrin
Published: January 2021

Background

Corticotroph tumor progression (CTP) leading to Nelson’s syndrome (NS) is a severe and difficult-to-treat complication subsequent to bilateral adrenalectomy (BADX) for Cushing’s disease. Its characteristics are not well described, and consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment are missing.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed focusing on clinical studies and case series (≥5 patients). Definition, cumulative incidence, treatment and long-term outcomes of CTP/NS after BADX were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results were presented and discussed at an interdisciplinary consensus workshop attended by international pituitary experts in Munich on October 28, 2018.

Results

Data covered definition and cumulative incidence (34 studies, 1275 patients), surgical outcome (12 studies, 187 patients), outcome of radiation therapy (21 studies, 273 patients), and medical therapy (15 studies, 72 patients).

Conclusions

We endorse the definition of CTP-BADX/NS as radiological progression or new detection of a pituitary tumor on thin-section MRI. We recommend surveillance by MRI after 3 months and every 12 months for the first 3 years after BADX. Subsequently, we suggest clinical evaluation every 12 months and MRI at increasing intervals every 2–4 years (depending on ACTH and clinical parameters). We recommend pituitary surgery as first-line therapy in patients with CTP-BADX/NS. Surgery should be performed before extrasellar expansion of the tumor to obtain complete and long-term remission. Conventional radiotherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery should be utilized as second-line treatment for remnant tumor tissue showing extrasellar extension
The role of GLP-1 in the postprandial effects of acarbose in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Dalsgaard Niels B , Gasbjerg Lærke S , Hansen Laura S , Hansen Nina L , Stensen Signe , Hartmann Bolette , Rehfeld Jens F , Holst Jens J , Vilsbøll Tina , Knop Filip K
Published: January 2021

Aims

The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose is believed to reduce plasma glucose by delaying hydrolysis of carbohydrates. Acarbose-induced transfer of carbohydrates to the distal parts of the intestine increases circulating glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Using the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin(9–39)NH2, we investigated the effect of acarbose-induced GLP-1 secretion on postprandial glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study, 15 participants with metformin-treated type 2 diabetes (age: 57–85 years, HbA1c: 40–74 mmol/mol) were subjected to two 14-day treatment periods with acarbose or placebo, respectively, separated by a 6-week wash-out period. At the end of each period, two randomized 4-h liquid mixed meal tests with concomitant infusion of exendin(9–39)NH2 and saline, respectively, were performed.

Results

Compared to placebo, acarbose increased postprandial GLP-1 concentrations and decreased postprandial glucose. We observed no absolute difference in the exendin(9–39)NH2-induced increase in postprandial glucose excursions between placebo and acarbose periods, but relatively, postprandial glucose was increased by 119 ± 116% (mean ± s.d.) during exendin(9–39)NH2 infusion in the acarbose period vs a 39 ± 27% increase during the placebo period (P = 0.0163).

Conclusions

We confirm that acarbose treatment stimulates postprandial GLP-1 secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes. Using exendin(9–39)NH2, we did not see an impact of acarbose-induced GLP-1 secretion on absolute measures of postprandial glucose tolerance, but relatively, the effect of exendin(9–39)NH2 was most pronounced during acarbose treatment.
Prevalence and outcome of dysnatremia in patients with COVID-19 compared to controls
Authors: Atila Cihan , Sailer Clara O , Bassetti Stefano , Tschudin-Sutter Sarah , Bingisser Roland , Siegemund Martin , Osswald Stefan , Rentsch Katharina , Rueegg Marco , Schaerli Sabrina , Kuster Gabriela M , Twerenbold Raphael , Christ-Crain Mirjam
Published: January 2021

Objective

The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly spread globally and infected millions of people. The prevalence and prognostic impact of dysnatremia in COVID-19 is inconclusive. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence and outcome of dysnatremia in COVID-19.

Design

The prospective, observational, cohort study included consecutive patients with clinical suspicion of COVID-19 triaged to a Swiss Emergency Department between March and July 2020.

Methods

Collected data included clinical, laboratory and disease severity scoring parameters on admission. COVID-19 cases were identified based on a positive nasopharyngeal swab test for SARS-CoV-2, patients with a negative swab test served as controls. The primary analysis was to assess the prognostic impact of dysnatremia on 30-day mortality using a cox proportional hazard model.

Results

172 (17%) cases with COVID-19 and 849 (83%) controls were included. Patients with COVID-19 showed a higher prevalence of hyponatremia compared to controls (28.1% vs 17.5%, P < 0.001); while comparable for hypernatremia (2.9% vs 2.1%, P = 0.34). In COVID-19 but not in controls, hyponatremia was associated with a higher 30-day mortality (HR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.10–16.62, P = 0.05). In both groups, hypernatremia on admission was associated with higher 30-day mortality (COVID-19 - HR: 11.5, 95% CI: 5.00–26.43, P < 0.001; controls - HR: 5.3, 95% CI: 1.60–17.64, P = 0.006). In both groups, hyponatremia and hypernatremia were significantly associated with adverse outcome, for example, intensive care unit admission, longer hospitalization and mechanical ventilation.

Conclusion

Our results underline the importance of dysnatremia as predictive marker in COVID-19. Treating physicians should be aware of appropriate treatment measures to be taken for patients with COVID-19 and dysnatremia.
Evolved human male preferences for female body shape
Authors: Chastain Rebecca , Taub Daniel
Published: January 2021

Female body shape has an apparent influence on mate value as perceived by males. Some researchers have suggested that human male mate preference has evolved to universally favor a specific body shape which can be quantified with a particular value for Waist-Hip Ratio and/or Body Mass Index. Other research has presented evidence that populations of males exhibit differentiated preferences for female body shape. The research literature largely supports the hypothesis that male mate preference for female body shape is variable and dependent upon local resource availability. These conclusions provide insight into the evolutionary processes that have acted to produce adaptive flexibility in human male mate preferences in accordance with the environment.
Trace metal levels in castor plants growing on refuse dumpsites in wukari metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Solomon Sule Dan-maigona , Catherine Anongo M’ember , Aminu Tafida Mohammed
Published: January 2021

A preliminary survey of the risk assessment of selected trace metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) levels of castor (Ricinus communis L.) plant growing on refuse dumpsites in Wukari Metropolis, Taraba State was investigated. Duplicate samples each of whole castor plants and decomposed remains of the refuse dumpsites were collected from three locations namely Kwararafa 1(Abo prisoners), G.R.A (Barikr) and Marmara 1(Abattior) based on population density and out of the 10 locations surveyed. Triplicates pH readings of the decomposed refuses at the three locations were recorded. Trace metal levels and pH were determined by the flame AAS using acetylene/air and pH meter respectively. Selected risk assessment techniques such as soil-plant transfer coefficient (TC), plant uptake factor (PUF) and translocation factor (TF) were worked out for the castor plants. Results revealed a high TC value (1.405) for whole castor plant above the permissible limits (value >1) than PUF and TF with less than unity value revealing the potential possible transfer of metals into the plant body. Higher levels of Zn and Cd were evident, followed by Cu according to the Joint FAO/WHO Food standards 2006. Health risk assessment of metals from refuse dumpsites is a good technique for predicting potential threat to life.
Aspects that should be considered in a possible revision of the Brazilian Guideline Conama Resolution 357/05
Authors: Silva Fabio Leandro da , Machado Raphael , Teodoro Cátia Cristina , López lor Magali Aguiar , Fushita Ângela Terumi , Cunha-Santino Marcela Bianchessi da , Bianchini Jr Irineu
Published: January 2021

Guidelines are adopted to assist the processes of environmental monitoring and safeguard aquatic ecosystems. In Brazil, the Conama Resolution 357/05 (CR) is the main guideline ruling, such a normative mechanism is an instrument of the National Water Resources Policy. However, the CR does not consider specific ecological aspects and just imposes generalist standards for all country. We propose a list of the main elements that should be considered in a possible CR review according to the literature with the intent to assist the decision-makers during the revision process. Aspects involving ecoregions; biotic communities; organic substances; ammonia behavior; permissiveness related to some limnological variables and water class; pesticides; electrical conductivity; temperature; true color; general values from other countries and emergent micropollutants are proposed. CR is an extremely useful instrument in the Brazilian scenario, however, its revision and incorporation of the mentioned aspects will contribute to the elaboration of intervention measures and monitoring of national aquatic ecosystems.
Bioremediation of lead polluted soil from Obio/Akpor local Government Area, rivers state using African Catfish and tilapia fish bones
Authors: UI Daniel , A Nwanya
Published: January 2021

A study was undertaken to compare the bones of two fin fish-African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), in the bioremediation of lead polluted soils. Six soil samples containing different sources of lead were collected from Obio-Akpor LGA, Rivers State. African catfish and Tilapia fishes were sourced from the market; the bones were extracted and dried (using a hot oven). The bones were then crushed with a blender, and weighed using analytical measuring scale. The crushed bones were mixed with lead polluted soil samples and left in the laboratory, in cool transparent plates for 3 weeks and 3 days for group one samples, while group two samples were left in the laboratory for 1 week and 3 days. The results revealed that for group one samples; Acid battery soil mixed with Catfish bones reduced the lead concentration from 3122.30mg/kg to 2574.50mg/kg. Lead battery soil mixed with Tilapia bones reduced the lead concentration from 6718.15mg/kg to 1184.15mg/kg, while Lead metal soil mixed with both Catfish+Tilapia bones increased the lead concentration from 8807.65mg/kg to 11874.50mg/kg. For group two samples; Acid battery soil mixed with both Catfish+Tilapia bones reduced the lead concentration from 3706.75mg/kg to 3144.45mg/kg. Lead metal soil mixed with Catfish bone reduced the lead concentration from 15940.50mg/kg to 3903.90mg/kg, while Lead battery soil mixed with Tilapia bones increased the lead concentration from 6439.20mg/kg to 11671.50mg/kg. The study revealed that Catfish bones, at different weights can be used in the bioremediation of lead polluted soils and the reduction was higher, than using Tilapia or the combination of the fish bones.
Status, occurrence, intensity and impact of Argulosis in different brood stock ponds
Authors: Rahman M Aminur , Alom M Zahangir , Yeasmin Mt Shamima , Khan Saleha
Published: January 2021

Fish lice belonging to the genus Argulus, is a hazardous ectoparasite for the hatchery farmers. In order to understand the occurrence, intensity and impact of Argulosis on carp fishes, the present study was conducted in three Fish Seed Multiplication Farms (Hatcheries), such as Kashipur Farm, Gouranadi Farm and Ujirpur Farm at Barisal District, Bangladesh from November 2012 to April 2013. Highest infestation (79.17%) and intensity (41.34 per fish) of Argulus sp. were found in Ujirpur Hatchery, followed by those in Gouranadi (37.41% and 13.17 per fish) and Kashipur (17.11% and 10.91 per fish). Species-wise highest infestation (65.71%) and intensity (25.86 per fish) were found in Labeo rohita, followed by Cyprinus carpio (60.00% and 12.00 per fish) and the lowest in Cirrhinus mrigala (38.61% and 5.02 per fish). Sex-wise infestation and intensity of Argulus sp. were always higher in the female carps than male and in all ponds L. rohita had the highest rate of infestation than those in C. carpio and C. mrigala, and the most infested carps always were the females. Similar to the sex, length-wise highest prevalence and intensity of Argulosis were occurred in the largest size groups of carps and among them, the highest infestation was in L. rohita, followed by C. carpio and the lowest was in C. mrigala. The heavily infected fish experienced physical injury and showed abnormal swimming, and blood oozing from the fish caused red skin lesions and then secondary infection took place by bacteria (Aeromonas, Pseudomonas) and other parasites and fungi. Argulosis delayed the fish production and near about 15-30% production losses were occurred due to lower growth, survival and production of infected carps in captivity.
Potential impacts of global climate change on citrus cultivation
Authors: Abobatta Waleed
Published: January 2021

Climate change has a dramatic effect on growth and productivity of various crops, there are various environmental elements affect the life cycle of annual and perennial plants, like high temperature, heatwaves, drought, cool temperature and frost, rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Climate change represents a dangerous challenge for mankind, there need for an efficient strategy to guarantee adequate crop production for humanity. Citrus is one of the main fruits all over the world, citrus can be grown in different climatic zones ranging from tropical, subtropical, arid and semi-arid areas, citrus grows properly in the range from 12.8 to 37˚C, which considered the optimum temperature for citrus growth and fruiting, while, sever high temperature (above 44-45˚C) stopped citrus growth completely. Low temperature considered the limiting factor for the geographical distribution of citrus, low temperature could stoop metabolism activity, whereas, chilling and frost cause severe injuries and demolish the whole tree. Temperature fluctuation affects negatively growth, decreases total yield, and reduces fruit quality particularly when occurred during the maturity stage, also, there are negative effects of heatwaves on the production of different citrus varieties particularly seedless varieties like Navel orange, and some Mandarin and lemon cultivars. On another side, rising carbon dioxide has positive effects on the growth of citrus seedlings and trees productivity.
Impact of chicken livestock waste on the quality of sail river in Pekanbaru City, Riau
Authors: Eddiwan Kamaruddin
Published: January 2021

This is research using a survey method, to analyze the impact of waste on the Sail Farm water quality. The sampling location was carried out at five points that are in the chicken farm (T3), 25m (T1) and 10m (T2) leads to the upstream before the drain pipe and 10m (T4) and 25m (T5) downstream after livestock waste disposal pipes. The results showed that the Sail River Water Quality was not met by the standards at T3, all parameters were observed both pH, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, TDS, TSS, DO, BOD, COD in not meeting government requirements in PP No. 82 of 2001 concerning water quality standards. In other locations (T1, T2, T4, and T5), it is known that the Sail River water quality still meets the applicable regulations.
Radikale Rhetorik
Authors: Leschzyk Dinah Kristin
Published: January 2021

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Rhetorik des amtierenden brasilianischen Präsidenten Jair Bolsonaro analysiert. Diese zeichnet sich durch eine extreme Härte und Rücksichtslosigkeit aus. Regelmäßig attackiert Bolsonaro Homosexuelle und Trans*-Personen, beruft sich dabei aber auf Familie, Anstand und gute Sitten. Zentrales Element seines Feindbilds ist die Sexualpädagogik, die er systematisch mit dem Stigmawort Pädophilie in Verbindung bringt. Unter Rückgriff auf den Diskurshistorischen Ansatz (DHA) nach Ruth Wodak und Martin Reisigl, der die Analyse von Sprache im Kontext ermöglicht, werden im Folgenden Kongressreden, Tweets und Blogposts untersucht. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei diskriminierende Strategien der Referenz und Prädikation, die sich gegen Menschen richten, die Bolsonaro aufgrund ihrer sexuellen Orientierung oder Geschlechtsidentität aus dem öffentlichen Diskurs auszugrenzen versucht.
GALLAGHER, Tom. 2020. Salazar. The Dictator Who Refused to Die. London : Hurst & Company.
Authors: Pereira Victor
Published: January 2021

Compte rendu
RUHE, Cornelia. 2020. La mémoire des conflits dans la fiction française contemporaine. Leiden/Boston: Brill/Rodopi (Francopolyphonies, 29).
Authors: Burtscher-Bechter Beate
Published: January 2021

Rezension
ROGER, Jennifer. 2020. Querelle des médias und pacte de l’adaptation. Die ‚Grande Guerre‘-Erinnerung in Romanen und Filmen der Jahrtausendwende, Würzburg, Königs-hausen & Neumann.
Authors: Donnarieix Anne-Sophie
Published: January 2021

Compte rendu
LALOUETTE, Jacqueline. 2018. Un peuple de statues. La célébration sculptée des grands hommes (France 1801-2018). Paris: Mare et Martin.
Authors: Lehnert Joris
Published: January 2021

Rezension
Neue hispanistische Zeitschrift
Authors: Pöppel Hubert
Published: January 2021

Seit diesem Jahr erscheint Estudios Culturales Hispánicos, eine vom Forschungszentrum Spanien der Universität Regensburg herausgegebene internationale und interdisziplinäre Zeitschrift mit dem Schwerpunkt auf hispanischer Kultur, speziell auf der spanischen Gegenwartskultur. Im PDF stellt der Geschäftsführer des Forschungszentrums Spanien Hubert Pöppel die Ziele der Zeitschrift vor.
Hier geht es zur Internetseite der Zeitschrift.
La historia me absolverá
Authors: Bauerschmidt Tim
Published: January 2021

Im vorliegenden Artikel wird die Entwicklung des Narrativs zur kubanischen Geschichte durch die revolutionäre Propaganda von 1953 bis 1976 untersucht. Aufgrund der Notwendigkeit zur Selbstlegitimierung im Zuge der Revolutions­konsolidierung wurde ein historisches Narrativ geschaffen, das diese Funktion auf ideeller Ebene erfüllen sollte. In einem dynamischen Prozess, der sich stets den politischen Rahmenbedingungen anpassen musste, wurde durch propagandis­tische Arbeit am Geschichtsnarrativ eine kollektive Identität, basierend auf der Revolution und deren Verbindung zu historischen Befreiungsbewegungen, geschaffen. Weiterhin galt die Aufmerksamkeit der Propaganda der Delegitimation der alten Republik und der Schaffung des Feindbildes USA. Dies äußerte sich in leichten Umdeutungen, aber auch in veritablen Paradigmenwechseln bzgl. der Wahrnehmung bestimmter historischer Ereignisse. Die Untersuchung basiert auf den veröffentlichten Reden Fidel Castros von 1953 bis 1976, einem kubanischen Geschichtsbuch von 1968, dem Rechenschaftsbericht des PCC von 1975 und der Präambel der kubanischen Verfassung von 1976.
apropos
Authors: Behrens Christoph , Kern Beate , Laorden María Teresa , Lehnert Joris
Published: January 2021

Vorwort zur Nummer 5
Es «real» lo que se explica: la caracterización de este adjetivo como operador discursivo
Authors: García-Pérez José
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo la delimitación de los usos discursivos que tiene una unidad como real en el español actual, al menos de España. Para ello, partimos de la Lingüística pragmática como metodología según el modelo de Fuentes Rodríguez. En primer lugar, se lleva a cabo un estudio del semantismo de esta unidad a partir del cual se establecen dos valores discursivos. Por un lado, un uso como modificador realizante. Por otro, un valor modal-enunciativo en dos tipos de contextos: confirmación en intervenciones donde aparece como enunciado independiente (enunciativo) y refuerzo de la aserción (modal) cuando incide sobre el enunciado del que forma parte, ya sea en el margen derecho o en el izquierdo, en este último caso, sobre todo, a través de la integración con que.
Estructura sintáctica del microdiscurso y traducción
Authors: Gutiérrez-Ordóñez Salvador
Published: January 2021

Los microdiscursos son bloques de texto que poseen unidad de sentido. Una nueva hipótesis sostiene que los microdiscursos poseen asimismo unidad sintáctica. La estructura sintáctica de los microdiscursos está formada por enunciados pragmáticos que contraen funciones y se combinan mediante relaciones. Este trabajo intenta comprobar si la estructura sintáctica de los microdiscursos se mantiene en sus traducciones. Un resultado positivo sería la confirmación empírica de que la hipótesis es verdadera. El análisis compara la estructura sintáctica de diferentes microtextos traducidos (exposición, enumeración, conversaciones, etc.) y demuestra que su estructura sintagmática se mantiene prácticamente invariable en las traducciones. Esto confirma la hipótesis inicial.
Macrosintaxis y enunciación. Análisis pragmalingüístico de «digo», «digo yo», «ya digo» y «ya te digo»
Authors: Brenes-Peña Ester
Published: January 2021

El verbo decir, como reflejo del proceso de enunciación, es una de las bases más productivas para la creación de marcadores discursivos. Este trabajo aborda el análisis pragmalingüístico de cuatro de ellos: digo, digo yo, ya digo y ya te digo. Todos ellos presentan dicho verbo metalingüístico conjugado en primera persona del singular del presente de indicativo. Sin embargo, existen variaciones que causan que pertenezcan a categorías distintas (marcadores u operadores) y funcionen también en macroestructuras diferentes (enunciación, modalidad, aserción, estructuración informativa). El análisis realizado identifica tales divergencias, indicando a qué categoría gramatical pertenecen (operadores o conectores), y describiendo su funcionamiento en los distintos planos del discurso. La meta última es contribuir a la descripción macrosintáctica del español actual.
Investigación y docencia de los marcadores discursivos en el aula de ELE
Authors: Fuentes-Rodríguez Catalina , Padilla-Herrada María-Soledad , Pérez-Béjar Víctor , Vande-Casteele An , Rovira-Gili Gema
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo tiene como propósito reflexionar sobre la necesidad de abordar la enseñanza y aprendizaje de los marcadores discursivos en el aula de español como lengua extranjera y hacerlo desde los datos que ofrece una investigación empírica en contexto internacional. A partir del análisis se propone completar las actividades didácticas con otras que parten de un contexto semidirigido en que aprendiente y nativo comparten experiencia en un entorno comunicativo real, por videoconferencia. De este modo se genera una interdependencia positiva y se emula la comunicación real. Al mismo tiempo es un aprendizaje en el que el aprendiente se siente comprometido con su propio proceso de aprendizaje. Es un proceso dinámico que amplía el marco de las prácticas didácticas al uso y las sitúa en contexto real, algo fundamental para unidades que construyen discurso y generan coherencia.
Contradictions in the Conservation and Development of the Social Resources of the Village
Authors:   Institute of Agrarian Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Velikiy Peter
Published: January 2021

When the quantity and quality of material and social resources are discussed, the question always arises, why are such proportions formed, and not others? Prolonged inattention to the central problems of the village leads to the fact that it is experiencing a crisis of creation. The article analyzes the dominant meanings of the purpose of the agrarian system of society, which determine the priorities of its development, from the position of the social philosophy of understanding contradictions and on the facts of self-movement of the Russian village and agricultural production. The agrosphere contains deep contradictions, primarily in the state of social resources – the intellectual, spiritual, moral, and professional potential of the village, contrary to the victorious realities about the success of the agro-industrial complex. The institutionalization and practices of including the population in independent management over the past decades have resulted in a fragmented system, in which the leading place is occupied by large structures that perform not only positive, but also destructive creation in the country. The author gives two examples of the way of life of a peasant family with a time lag of 150 years and reflects on the problems of labor overload of agricultural workers. The article reveals the specifics of the main contradictions in understanding the current situation, highlights the elements of each side that have the potential for assimilation. The author states the existence of contradictions between the dominance of large organizations of the divisional type within the fragmented economic structure of the village and the limited living space of peasant society. The author draws attention to the phenomenon of communication, constructed by such elements as communication, information and understanding. The article emphasizes the need to understand the situation of rural areas and the agricultural sector from the point of view of their own capabilities.
The Concept of “Life” in Quality of Life Research
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Shchekotin Evgeniy
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the meaning of the concept "life" in relation to research on the quality of life. It is shown that the quality of life is a complex transdisciplinary concept, which significantly complicates the formation of a generalized and conventional interpretation of this concept. The concept of "life", which plays a decisive role in the interpretation of the quality of life, has a different meaning in various scientific fields involved in the study of the quality of life. The article deals with the philosophical, linguistic and religious-sacred content of the concept "life". There are three main semantic centers that reflect the biological, social and transcendental levels of "life". Life as a designation of biological existence ("organism") is revealed through a complex of meanings associated with all the properties inherent in a living organism (duration of existence in time, integrity, activity, activeness, completeness of the manifestation of vital forces, etc.). Life as a metaphor for human social existence ("life in society») is characterizes the activity of social groups and individuals in the social space – in everyday life, in various spheres of society, etc. Life as the transcendental basis of biological and social existence ("eternal life") is revealed through the value dimension and has a rich semantic religious symbolism. The symbolic difference in the meanings of the concept "life" is demonstrated in the form of distinguishing three different words of the Russian language that constitute this concept – zhivot, zhitiye (living) and zhizn' (life). Considered projection of these semantic centres on the concept of quality of life and the interpretation of quality of life depending on the interpretation of the concept "life" on the example of two disciplines – medicine and economics. In medical research, the focus is on the bodily and biological aspects of life: the impact of diseases on various body functions that affect the physiological, mental, emotional and social functioning of a person. In economics, the concept of "life" is considered as a designation of a certain activity of society and people in various fields and spheres.
Sacred as an Immanent Principle of a Nation Formation
Authors:   Novgorod State University, Shamin Sergey
Published: January 2021

The article examines the problem of understanding the consolidation principle of nation formation that is relevant to modern social philosophy. At different stages of scientific research, the initial sociobiological unity, the common imagination of the nation, as well as the political, economic and socio Cultural context were proposed in this capacity. However, the religious factor, which includes a transcendent sacred element perceived as the highest value, is not sufficiently studied in this regard. The article offers an understanding of the nation as a quasi-religious phenomenon of modernity, which presupposes the presence of a sacred element as an immanent consolidation principle. A condition for a nation formation and transformations in the understanding of its foundations are the characteristic features of the global secularization process considered in the article. In the development of this process, several stages are distinguished, the study of which reveals the dynamics in the localization of the sacred sphere of reality, which determines changes in the perception of the nation. The first stage of secularization is associated with the spread of Christianity, accompanied by the profanation of the entire field of natural reality and the actualization of the meaning of the individual. The formation of the next stage is due to the mixing of social and natural spheres, which forms a diffuse sociobiological reality associated with the strengthening of the role of the individual. At this period the idea of the nation as a sociobiological community, characterized by the personal legal and political responsibility of its members is formed. The allocation of the third stage of secularization is due to the profanation of the social sphere and the localization of the sacred in the private life of the individual, in this connection, the national consolidation principle is localized in the sphere of the individual imagination. The profanation of the individual sphere, leading to its decentralization, determines the sacralization of a certain context of everyday life, which is perceived as the basis of national identity. Thus, the adoption of the sacred factor as an immanent principle of nation formation and the study of the dynamics of its localization can bring scientific thought closer to solving actual problems of social philosophy related to the understanding of the nation and social identity as a whole.
The Patterns of Conceptual Representation and the Symbolic Exchange: Marx’s Construal of Systemic Effects in New Contexts [In Eng. + Rus.]
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Pigalev Alexander
Published: January 2021

The paper is devoted to historical and philosophical analysis of the patterns of conceptual representation in the theoretical models of scientific cognition which not only rely on Marx's construal of systemic effects, but also imply some new contexts. The umbrella term "systemic effects" implies a peculiar mode of action of whatever complex system that cannot be explained by referring to the theoretical model of the linear cause-effect relationships between the elements and should be interpreted as the consequence of a certain degree of complexity of the system itself. Marx did not develop the original idea of representation as an explicit and complete theory, but he introduced the methodology of the analysis of the systemic effects that can be applied to the analysis of representation to wide extent. It is pointed out that the scientific cognition issued the challenge of reliable representations for the object domain and they tended to take the shape of conceptual models. The representation, being generally the substitution of one entity for another, is considered as an aspect of pervasive social symbolization that occurs against a background of systemic effects in exactly the same way as the economic processes. It is concluded that just modified Marx's stance became essential for the consideration of the forms of abstractive thinking, the formation of concepts, and the representational models both in general and in respect to specific problems of epistemology and philosophy of science.
Accommodation Facilities as the Most Important Factor of the Development of the Territory’s Tourist Potential
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Vasiliev Evgeniy , Guryeva Elena ,   Volgograd State University
Published: January 2021

The current stage of economic development of the Russian Federation is characterized by the search for new prospects and unrealized potentials, with the help of which it is possible not only to solve economic problems, but also to overcome the social difficulties that have developed over the past decades. The tourist industry is just such a promising area for further development. Possessing a unique combination of social and economic characteristics, the tourism industry places high demands on the conditions for planning and implementing strategic projects. One of the directions to improve the efficiency of the implementation of projects in the tourism sphere is the assessment of the potential in this activity field. This will improve strategic planning and control over the implementation of new projects. Widely used in economic sociology multi-criteria assessment methods are suitable tools for successful and correct determining the potential of various types of tourism. However, in the process of implementing this method at the stage of determining the weight coefficients, there is a high probability of error. Setting an incorrect weighting coefficient will negatively affect the final efficiency and reliability of the constructed socio-economic model, which will lead to incorrect initial data for conducting strategic analysis of the industry. In this study, in order to eliminate this problem, it is proposed to conduct a preliminary analysis to determine the importance of one of the elements of the tourism sector, namely accommodation facilities. Using existing statistical data and applying the method of correlation dependence the authors determine the influence of accommodation facilities in the tourism industry, as well as determine the basic spread of the weight coefficient for its further use in multi-criteria assessment methods of evaluation of socio-economic processes. As a result, it will allow to avoid the indicated danger and increase the reliability of determining the tourist potential of a particular type of tourism or tourist territory.
Gaming Spaces and the Changing Experience of Urban Communications
Authors:   Sociological Institute of the RAS – Branch of the Federal Center of Teoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergeyeva Olga , Zinovyeva Nadezhda ,   Sociological Institute of the RAS – Branch of the Federal Center of Teoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2021

Thanks to mobile technologies, a modern city exists as an intersection of real and virtual worlds, combining face-to-face and online communications. Also, a city is a constantly recreated object in virtual gaming spaces and is not just a passive background, but an important resource for the development of gameplay. Hybridization as the addition of physical space to virtual space, and transmediation as the free transfer of content between different platforms, provide new opportunities for citizens to participate and observe urban life. The article's aim is a conceptualization of changes in the urban communication experience on the example of commemorative activities. The authors discuss the case of the Victory Parade on May 9, 2020, which was hosted by gamers in the online space, but thanks to streamers it was broadcast to a wide audience. All participants tried to somehow correspond to a real parade: they used equipment and combat subunits (units), chose locations similar to urban squares, tried to walk, ride or fly in formation, used the marches or songs of the war years. Both gamers and official teams of game developers created their parades. Authors concluded that gaming space, its architecture, and artifacts are of essential importance for this event and creates the basis for a full, partial, or creative reconstruction of the event. The authors note that online games are changing the experience of urban interactions, becoming a platform for both communication and maintaining cultural patterns, for example, for developing citizen rituals. The reproduction of urban rituals in gaming spaces reconfigures the collaborative social activities of nowadays citizens.
Numeric Modeling of Low-Altitude Altimeter with Double Frequency Modulation
Authors: Zakharchenko Vladimir , Zakharchenko Sergey , Yakimets Andrey
Published: January 2021

This study is concerned with the problem of increasing the accuracy of a low-altitude altimeter employing the frequency modulation principle. A way to suppress the "discrete error" of the altimeter by employing additional «slow» frequency modulation of the carrier wave and averaging the resulting counts is considered. The benefit of such approach is simplicity of technical implementation manifesting in minimal changes in the microwave path and the recording device, which needs to run in averaging count mode. It is shown that, given a limited frequency band, the linear modulation form is not optimal. Results of error calculations presented are obtained via mathematical modelling of the altimeter’s operation for different shapes of the additional prequency modulation. It is shown that using complex shapes of the «slow» modulation with positive third derivative and optimizing for a given altitude range allows to reduce the average measurement error 2–3 times additionally relatively to the linear modulation form without expanding the occupied frequency band.