bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating and Managing International Virtual Teams of Students in Management Education
Authors: Velinov Emil , Bleicher Juergen , Forrester Paul L.
Published: May 2021

This chapter provides an overview of how global virtual teams of undergraduates and graduates from three different countries are managed in order to achieve effective teaching-learning collaboration in the area of international business. The chapter uses evidence from a case study-based program used by a network of European business schools to discover and explore best practices when forming and leading collaborative student teams, working virtually and spatially. The study of this program suggests that there are particular challenges and opportunities in managing virtually international teams of students, which were amplified during COVID times in 2020. The study relates to the global virtual world of business education, where each tertiary institution is expected to embrace and manage the adapted and future design of programs and courses, where students necessarily had to deal with a wide variety of assignments whilst working virtually during times of national lockdowns.
Stepping Up to the Challenge
Authors: Balula Ana , Vasconcelos Sandra Vieira
Published: May 2021

Even though, over the last decades, most higher education institutions (HEI) have come to increasingly integrate technology in their practices, namely as a way of enhancing students' learning experiences and the cohesive development of skills and preparing them for a digital and global workplace, never before did technology play such a pivotal role. In the aftermath of the recent COVID-19 outbreak, this chapter puts forward an annotated list of strategies used within the scope of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) teaching and learning. Focussed on technology-based approaches, it makes a case for collaboration and skill integration as a way of promoting practice-driven innovation and reflection.
Bringing Excitement to Learners Working With Real-Life Clients
Authors: Coelho Marcio
Published: May 2021

Getting students engaged in their education involves a wide variety of teaching strategies and techniques that offer opportunities for acquiring and applying knowledge and developing skills that will benefit them in their careers. The current chapter describes the experiences of students of the Fundamentals of Marketing course when working with real-life clients (RLC) in Southern Manitoba as they developed a marketing plan for local small and medium-sized companies. As the data collecting is still ongoing in order to obtain extensive and comprehensive results, the process of organizing and launching the “Connections Project” is related here. Also considered are the pedagogical benefits of challenging students to apply the theory into a real market situation and the challenges such an endeavor like this might face. The results seen thus far show that, despite the extra work for the faculty instructors, students, and companies involved, the experience is worthy and should be continued for years to come.
Digital Juncture
Authors: DePoy Elizabeth , Gilson Stephen French
Published: May 2021

Challenged by the pandemic and its future aftermath, social work has been forced to relocate its relational social change mission and action to a new address, replacing a physical location with a URL. The need for digital accessibility thus has rapidly appeared and is now a major squeaky wheel in the profession. In order to make this move while upholding the professional mission of full inclusion, this chapter proposes a model of progressive digital accessibility. A synthetic framework marrying disjuncture theory and pragmatist ethics provides a rich foundation from which forensic analysis can expose and capitalize on “what is wrong,” disrupt business as usual, and innovate to achieve accessibility that is fluid, just, and worthy of social work leadership.
The Role of a Social Worker in Children Dragged Into Crime According to the Turkish Penalty System in the Digital World
Authors: Özsungur Fahri
Published: May 2021

Social work plays an important role in managing the process of planning, supervising, and ensuring the sustainability of protective and supportive measures applied to children who are dragged into crime and in need of protection in order to prevent incompatibilities that may arise in society. Social workers are actors in the field in the execution of the process. In this chapter, these practitioners who have made significant contributions to social work by giving reports and opinions about the measures taken by the courts about the children dragged into crime, determining the criminal tendencies of the children and the necessary precautions and training, are examined closely in the context of the Turkish legal system. The chapter includes the issues of judicial control, protective and supportive measures, preparation of a plan for the implementation of cautionary decisions, confidentiality, the role of the social worker and the social worker board for children who are dragged into crime and in need of protection.
The Importance of Innovation in Social Work Institutions During Digital Transformation Processes
Authors: Korkmaz Fatma
Published: May 2021

The business world and organizational structures have rapidly changed and developed today, with the effect of global social, economic, and technological developments. Digital transformation is at the top of these changes and developments. Digital transformation has also enabled the adoption of innovation in organizations in this context. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic, which has affected the whole world since the beginning of 2020, has given significant momentum to digital transformation, and innovation has started to be seen more prominently in organizations. Social work institutions are one of the areas where innovation is effective due to digital transformation and the COVID-19 outbreak. In this context, the conceptual and theoretical framework related to innovation is presented first. Then, by evaluating the relationship between social work institutions and innovation, the importance of innovation in terms of social work institutions is examined.
Community Organization as a Method of Social Work and Its Implications for the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Selçuk Ozan
Published: May 2021

The community organization method is applied when the society takes the initiative to solve its problems and wants to meet its needs. In this case, society plays different roles in addressing its various needs and problems. People dealing with the problem in the community or people directly affected by the problem take the lead in solving problems. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a worldwide social and economic crisis. This has made deep-rooted inequalities worse and visible in the communities most marginalized by the crisis. In this context, community organizers can respond to inequalities that become visible by fulfilling their various roles with the method of community organization, which is one of the components of the social work mission and aims to ensure social justice and equality.
Discrimination
Authors: Rodat Simona
Published: May 2021

The chapter provides an analytical framework for the concept of discrimination, that is, the different, unfair treatment of some people based on their actual or perceived membership in certain groups or social categories. Discrimination is referred to in the broader context of stigmatization, as the action-related component of the stigma process. After discussing several definitions of discrimination and outlining its main features, the different forms of discrimination are addressed and exemplified, such as direct and indirect discrimination, harassment, victimization. Also, the most relevant aspects regarding victims of discrimination are discussed, a special focus is given to the negative impact of discrimination on victims in terms of social and economic status, well-being, and health. Besides the threatening effects on individuals and groups, the consequences of discrimination on communities and society as a whole are also outlined. The final part of the chapter deals with the major anti-discrimination strategies that can be undertaken at the macro, mezzo, and microsocial levels.
The Place of Elderly Education Within Adult Education and Model Suggestions Regarding Elderly Education
Authors: Pekmezci Pelin , Öztop Hülya
Published: May 2021

Elderly education helps to prevent cognitive regression in the areas of memory, attention, audiovisual perception, language-usage ability, and behavior-management skills. Education provides elderly people with self-confidence and independence; it helps them more effectively cope with changing environmental conditions, increases their potential to contribute to society, and gives them opportunities to share their experiences with their and with individuals of younger generations. This study used a review of the literature to examine the place of elderly education within adult education by focusing on how resources are developed, as well as focusing on the development of a proper scope of these resources. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine the following: the extent to which elderly education is affected by social change, those factors to be considered while planning elderly education, and the areas and subjects in which elderly people need education.
Epileptic Seizure Prediction Using Exponential Squirrel Atom Search Optimization-Based Deep Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Borhade Ratnaprabha Ravindra Pune , Nagmode Manoj S.
Published: May 2021

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal is broadly utilized for monitoring epilepsy and plays a key role to revitalize close loop brain. The classical method introduced to find the seizures relies on EEG signals which is complex as well as costly, if channel count increases. This paper introduces the novel method named exponential-squirrel atom search optimization (Exp-SASO) algorithm in order to train the deep RNN for discovering epileptic seizure. Here, the input EEG signal is given to the pre-processing module for enhancing the quality of image by reducing the noise. Then, the pre-processed image is forwarded to the feature extraction module. The features, like statistical features, spectral features, logarithmic band power, wavelet coefficients, common spatial patterns, along with spectral decrease, pitch chroma, tonal power ratio, and spectral flux, are extracted. Once the features are extracted, the feature selection is carried out using fuzzy information gain model for choosing appropriate features for further processing.
Global Income Inequality, Trickle-Down Economics, and Charity in Islamic Economics
Authors: Rahman Mohd Nayyer , Iqbal Badar Alam.
Published: May 2021

Islam promotes charity both at an individual as well as at the community/society level. Charity has been almost a moral issue rather than an economic one though it affects the society in terms of economics. Mainstream economics has ignored the application of charity model and how it can result in reducing economic disparities. Unfortunately, charity has been ignored by researchers in the context of it being an economic entity. In 2015, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) pinpointed the persisting issue of global income inequality and gave thumbs down to the populist approach of “trickle-down economics.” This study aims to theoretically examine how the concept of charity addresses the issue of global income inequality and denies trickle-down economics. The evidence suggest that countries can minimize income inequality by mobilizing the concept of charity. The concept of charity can result in a huge amount of transfers from the upper 10% to the lower 10% of the income bracket.
Cooperative Model as Organizational Mechanism for Poverty Reduction and Economic Development
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: May 2021

Poverty reduction and economic development are the focus of both developed and developing countries. Internationally, cooperatives make an immense contribution to poverty reduction and economic development. However, in Namibia, agricultural cooperatives have not done much in this regard. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to identify and analyze the elements of the agricultural cooperative model as an organizational mechanism for poverty reduction and economic development. Adopting a qualitative approach with a cross-section case method as a research design, the study intends to address the research question: What are the strategies that can be implemented based on the best practices and elements of the cooperative advantage in the agricultural cooperative model as an organizational mechanism for poverty reduction for economic development? Findings reveal that cooperatives still face numerous challenges and recommendations include government and other stakeholders' support mechanisms for the provision of capital, training, and land acquisition.
A New Approach for Deception Detection in Open Domain Text
Authors: Alzghoul Jamil R. , Alzghool Muath , Abdallah Emad E.
Published: May 2021

The gigantic growth of platforms that give individuals the ability to write a review that is visible to everyone and the huge number of documents shared on the internet have triggered the researchers to try to detect if these platforms are trying to mislead and deceive people. There is a crucial need to find ways to automatically identify fake reviews and detect deceptive people or groups. The main aim of this research is to detect deception in open domain text by using a machine learning technique. Several sets of features are used to analyse the text including unigram, part of speech, and production rules. The experimental results showed that combined feature sets of (part of speech and production rules) using the support vector machine classifier achieve the best accuracy, and it clearly improves on the accuracy of the results reported in a previous study.
Status of Electric Sector Reform in Russia and the United Kingdom
Authors: Palamarchuk Sergei , Lamoureux Marcel
Published: May 2021

The restructuring and deregulation of the electric power sector has had a long-term history in many countries. The sector management and government of each country endeavors to apply positive experiences from other countries, taking into account technical and economic conditions and features of their own power sector. The article describes the main characteristics of the power sectors in Russia and the UK, as well as concepts and principles of the power sectors liberalization. The basic benefits of and differences between the reforming policies in both countries are shown. Although some elements of the Russia-UK power sector liberalization experience can hold less comparative value, the analytical comparison of aims and main components of the liberalization process, such as the principles of privatization, structure of property, competition promotion, and regulation practice can enhance policy learning.
Does the Technological Diversification and R&D Internationalization of eMNCs Promote Enterprise Innovation?
Authors: Li Jing , Wang Jun
Published: May 2021

Under the background of digital economy, technological diversification and R&D internationalization are important strategic choices for eMNCs, represented by China, to seek advanced technological resources and create competitive advantages. This paper takes China's listed MNCs from 2009 to 2019 as the research object and applies a non-equilibrium panel negative binomial fixed effect regression to investigate the impact mechanism of technological diversification of China's MNCs on enterprise innovation performance and the moderating effect of overseas R&D networks. Results show that the related technological diversification of MNCs has a significant positive impact, and the unrelated technological diversification and their innovation performance are in inverted U-shaped relationship; overseas R&D networks have significant moderating effect while the breadth and depth of the moderating effect are not the same; significant differences exist in the moderating effect of overseas R&D networks due to the heterogeneity of institutional development levels among regions in China.
A Theoretical Model of Transition to Practice for Athletic Trainers
Authors: Kilbourne Brianne F. , Bowman Thomas G. , Barrett Jessica L. , Singe Stephanie Mazerolle
Published: May 2021

Context

The transition to practice of newly credentialed athletic trainers (ATs) has become an area of focus in the athletic training literature. However, no theoretical model has been developed to describe the phenomenon and drive investigation.

Objective

To better understand the lived experience of the transition to practice and develop a theoretical model of transition to practice for ATs.

Design

Qualitative study.

Setting

Telephone interviews.

Patients or Other Participants

Fourteen professional master's athletic training students (7 men, 7 women, age = 25.6 ± 3.7 years, from 9 higher education institutions) in the first year of clinical practice as newly credentialed ATs.

Data Collection and Analysis

Participants completed semistructured phone interviews at 3 timepoints over 12 to 15 months. The first interview was conducted just before graduation, the second 4 to 6 months later, and the third at 10 to 12 months. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a grounded theory approach.

Results

We developed a theoretical model to explain the causal conditions that triggered transition, how the causal conditions were experienced, the coping strategies used to persist through the first year of practice, and the consequences of those strategies.

Conclusions

The model provides a framework for new athletic training clinicians, educators, and employers to better understand the transition process in order to help new clinicians respond by accepting or adapting to their environment or their behaviors.
Anhydrous Gypsum as Diesel Ash Surrogate and Sensitivity to Ash Particle Size in Accelerated Ash Loading Studies
Authors: Viswanathan Sandeep , George Sam , Heibel Achim , Gunasekaran Natarajan
Published: May 2021

Accelerated ash loading studies provide a cost-effective means of investigating the long-term impacts of ash accumulation in diesel particulate filters (DPFs). Despite a variety of methods adopted in previous studies for accelerated ash loading, evaluation of their impact on DPF behavior has been limited primarily to pressure drop response (with & without soot), and characterization of properties of the resulting ash deposits for comparison with samples from field testing. In the current study, the potential to use ash recovered from field DPFs to perform accelerated ash loading studies is explored. Additionally, anhydrous gypsum as a surrogate for diesel ash was investigated. Benefits of using gypsum include low cost and easy access, safety during handling and testing, and consistency from test to test. Narrow control of particle sizing and composition can help compare performance over a wide range of filter sizes and applications. The ash surrogate was mixed with Printex-U soot to minimize re-agglomeration and introduced into a temperature and flow-controlled exhaust stream upstream of a DPF, using an in-house auger setup. The ability to control ash accumulation pattern in the DPF using parameters such as particle size and gypsum loading rate (g/h) was explored. Additionally, the impact of ash particle size on ash layer and plug characteristics and therefore pressure drop and filtration performance was also studied. The results were compared with field DPFs to evaluate the effectiveness of the accelerated ash protocol to mimic DPF performance on the field.
Active Launch Vibration Control of Power-Split Hybrid Electric Vehicle Considering Nonlinear Backlash
Authors: Guo Rong , Liu Xiaoyue
Published: May 2021

The backlash between engaging components in a driveline is unavoidable, especially when the gear runs freely and collides with the backlash, the impact torque generated increases the vibration amplitude. The power-split hybrid electric vehicle generates output torque only from the traction motor during the launching process. The nonlinear backlash can greatly influence the driveability of the driveline due to the rapid response of the traction motor and the lack of the traditional clutches and torsional shock absorbers in the powertrain. This paper focuses on the launch vibration of the power-split hybrid electric vehicle, establishes a nonlinear driveline model considering gear backlash, including an engine, two motors, a Ravigneaux planetary gear set, a reducer, a differential, a backlash assembly, half shafts, and wheels. For easier control, some components of the power-spilt system are simplified, after verifying the reliability of the simplified model, a linear observer(LSO) and a nonlinear observer(ESO) are designed to estimate the system state variables respectively. Based on the estimated information a dynamic matrix controller(DMC) is designed to correct the motor output torque. Through the feedback torque of the motor, the active control system can reduce the shock and vibration of the nonlinear driveline caused by the transient change of the motor torque during launch conditions.
Automatic Transmission Upshift Control Using a Linearized Reduced-Order Model-Based LQR Approach
Authors: Soldo Jure , Cvok Ivan , Deur Josko , Ivanovic Vladimir , Zhang Yijing , Fujii Yuji
Published: May 2021

Automatic transmission (AT) upshift control performance in terms of shift duration and comfort can be improved during the inertia phase by coordinating the off-going clutch together with oncoming clutch and engine torque. The performance improvement is highest in low gear shifts (i.e., for high ratio steps), which are typically performed with open torque converter. In this paper, a discrete-time, linear quadratic regulation (LQR) is applied during the upshift inertia phase, as it provides an optimal multi-input/multi-output control action with respect to the prescribed cost function. The LQR law is based on a reduced-order drivetrain model, which is applicable to actual transmissions characterized by a limited number of available state measurements. The reduced-order model includes the linearized torque converter model. The shift duration is ensured by precise tracking of a linear-like oncoming clutch slip speed reference profile. To facilitate the tracking accuracy, the LQR law is extended by an integral action. A clipped optimal approach is applied to account for the clutch energy passivity. By using a set of differently weighted conflicting criteria in the discrete cost function, including shift duration, comfort, and efficiency, Pareto frontiers are obtained based on post-processing the multi-run simulation results. The Pareto frontiers are compared with benchmark frontiers determined off-line by applying a multi-objective genetic algorithm-based control parameter optimization relying on full-order, nonlinear drivetrain model. It is shown that the LQR approach results in comparable Pareto frontiers to those obtained by multi-objective optimization.
Intelligent Vehicle Lighting: Impacts on Visual Perception of Drivers Varying in Age
Authors: Bullough John D.
Published: May 2021

Transportation safety agencies are working to consider how to best incorporate the potential safety benefits of intelligent vehicle lighting systems such as adaptive driving beam headlights and other systems on vehicles used by the general public. As these deliberations continue, additional data on the impacts of lighting technological developments are important to generate and share. An analytical study was performed to assess how different vehicle lighting configurations including ADB and other technologies can assist drivers in achieving visual acquisition of potential hazards along the road. The investigation also compared drivers varying in age and whose visual performance differs because of optical changes in the visual system. The importance of considering visibility for older drivers is critical because this group is an increasingly large proportion of the overall driving population. Analyses use the relative visual performance (RVP) model, a predictive system for ascertaining the speed and accuracy of visual processing, which has been validated in a number of field studies of driving and visual response. The results can be used to identify some of the potential benefits of intelligent vehicle lighting on visual perception.
Effects of Situational Urgency on the Perception and Response Time to Lateral Collision Hazards
Authors: Erazo Fabian , Campbell Adam
Published: May 2021

Situational urgency influences the perception and response time (PRT) interval of drivers confronting emergency collision hazards. However, a gap exists in our understanding of the movement characteristics of a collision hazard that directly contribute to a driver’s decision to initiate an evasive response. The aim of this experiment is to examine how the movement characteristics of intruding vehicles affect an oncoming driver’s PRT interval.

Fourteen subjects viewed first-person perspective recordings of a simulated vehicle travelling along a two-lane roadway. Collision hazards were introduced when stopped vehicles positioned at intersecting roadways unexpectedly intruded into the subject’s path. Subjects were instructed to ‘brake’ their vehicle by pressing a keyboard space bar when they perceived that evasive actions were required to avoid a collision. The duration of the PRT interval was considered as the time between the start of the intruder’s motion and when the ‘brake’ was applied. The time-to-impact (TTI) was manipulated by varying the intruders’ travel distance to impact and acceleration rate, resulting in 15 unique combinations of pre-impact hazard conditions.

Results revealed statistically significant main effects where relatively higher acceleration rates and shorter intruder travel distances produced the shortest PRTs. A statistically significant acceleration rate X travel distance interaction further revealed that PRT durations were dependent upon the particular combination of intruder motion parameters. However, the observed interaction effect was primarily driven by the time available between the start of an intruder’s motion and impact (i.e., TTI) which showed a significant linear trend.

Combined, these findings have extended our understanding of the perceptual processes governing driver performance and will aid in unifying the literature regarding driver PRTs to lateral collision hazards.
Do Driver Characteristics and Crash Conditions Modify the Effectiveness of Automatic Emergency Braking?
Authors: Spicer Rebecca , Vahabaghaie Amin , Murakhovsky Dennis , St. Lawrence Schuyler , Drayer Becca , Bahouth George
Published: May 2021

Studies of automatic emergency braking (AEB) find that AEB-equipped vehicles are around half as likely to crash. This study examines whether driver characteristics and road and weather conditions modify this preventive effect of AEB.

Toyota production data were merged with police reported crash files from eight U.S. states for crash years 2015 up to 2019 by 17-digit vehicle identification number (VIN). Using a case-control design, this study investigated the relationship of AEB presence with being a case vehicle in a system-relevant crash (the striking vehicle in front-to-rear crash; n=30,056) versus an AEB non-relevant control vehicle (the struck vehicle in a front-to-rear crash; n=62,820). The analysis was stratified by driver characteristics and by weather and road conditions. Logistic regression modeled the relationship, controlling for exposure (vehicle-days) and possible confounding factors. The resulting odds ratios for AEB equipment from the separate models were compared to determine if the effect of AEB presence was modified by the characteristic or condition of interest.

Overall, AEB-equipped vehicles were 43% (p<0.001) less likely to be the striking (case) vehicle compared to non-equipped vehicles. However, the preventive effect of AEB was significantly lower among older drivers (over 65 years) compared to younger drivers; 29% less likely to be a striking vehicle (OR=0.71) versus 46% (OR=0.54), respectively. The effect of AEB was also lower in adverse weather conditions (rain, fog, snow) (OR=0.66) and on wet or snowy roads (OR=0.65), though these differences were not significant compared to clear weather and dry roads. The AEB effect was also lower among risk-taking drivers (alcohol-involved, speeding, or unrestrained) compared to non-risk-taking (OR=0.72 versus OR=0.59, respectively).

AEB prevents crashes, regardless of driver characteristics and environmental conditions. This study suggests, however, that the size of the effect is smaller among older and risk-taking drivers, and in adverse weather and road conditions.
Snowmobile Pole Crash Tests
Authors: Paquette Mark , Griffiths Harrison , Wong Derek , Anderson Steve , Wright Mark
Published: May 2021

Instrumented crash tests are a valuable source of information for collision reconstruction, as the collected data allows for a better understanding of the dynamics and severity of real-world collisions. Numerous published crash tests exist for automobiles, motorcycles, and heavy vehicles; however, none of the published crash testing has involved snowmobiles. This paper presents the results of six snowmobile crash tests to begin to fill the gap in the literature. In five tests, the test snowmobile was accelerated forward into a pole, made from a tree trunk 33 cm in diameter. In the last test, two snowmobiles collided head-on into each other.

Prior to testing, each snowmobile was weighed and scanned using a Faro 3D scanner. All of the snowmobiles were instrumented to collect speed and acceleration data during the tests. Each snowmobile was scanned after the test, which allowed for measurements of the extent of crush from impact.
Field Data Study of the Effect of Knee Airbags on Lower Extremity Injury in Frontal Crashes
Authors: Schafman Michelle A. , Meitzner Michael , Baker Derek , Beebe MaryAnn , Bentz Jill , Sadrnia Hamed , Kleinert Julie , Wang Stewart
Published: May 2021

Knee airbags (KABs) are one countermeasure in newer vehicles that could influence lower extremity (LEX) injury, the most frequently injured body region in frontal crashes. To determine the effect of KABs on LEX injury for drivers in frontal crashes, the analysis examined moderate or greater LEX injury (AIS 2+) in two datasets. Logistic regression considered six main effect factors (KAB deployment, BMI, age, sex, belt status, driver compartment intrusion). Eighty-five cases with KAB deployment from the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) database were supplemented with 8 cases from the International Center for Automotive Medicine (ICAM) database and compared to 289 CIREN non-KAB cases. All cases evaluated drivers in frontal impacts (11 to 1 o’clock Principal Direction of Force) with known belt use in 2004 and newer model year vehicles. Results of the CIREN/ICAM dataset were compared to analysis of a similar dataset from NASS-CDS (5441 total cases, 418 KAB-deployed). KABs were associated with a reduced rate of LEX injury in the CIREN/ICAM dataset (OR = 0.612, p=0.065), but were inconclusive in the NASS-CDS dataset (OR=0.946, p=0.761). KABs were associated with a reduced rate of knee/thigh/hip injury in CIREN/ICAM (OR = 0.555, p = 0.035) but had no measurable effect on below knee injury in CIREN/ICAM (OR = 0.928, p = 0.765) or NASS-CDS (OR=1.102, p=0.641). In conclusion, KABs were associated with reduced rates of LEX and knee/thigh/hip injury in the CIREN/ICAM dataset and had no measurable effect on below knee injury for drivers in frontal crashes in either dataset.
Track-Based Aerodynamic Testing of a Two-Truck Platoon
Authors: McAuliffe Brian , Smith Patrick , Raeesi Arash , Hoffman Mark , Bevly David M.
Published: May 2021

Fuel savings from truck platooning are generally attributed to an aerodynamic drag-reduction phenomena associated with close-proximity driving. The current paper is the third in a series of papers documenting track testing of a two-truck platoon with a Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) system where fuel savings and aerodynamics measurements were performed simultaneously. Constant-speed road-load measurements from instrumented driveshafts and on-board wind anemometry were combined with vehicle measurements to calculate the aerodynamic drag-area of the vehicles.

The drag-area results are presented for each vehicle in the two-truck platoon, and the corresponding drag-area reductions are shown for a variety of conditions: gap separation distances (9 m to 87 m), lateral offsets (up to 1.3 m), dry-van and flatbed trailers, and in the presence of surrounding traffic. For the standard aligned platoon, the results demonstrate up to 8% drag reduction for the lead vehicle, with drag reductions exceeding 20% for the trailing vehicle at some yaw angles. Wind-velocity measurements on the following truck suggest that the drag-area reductions are due to a combined effect of reduced apparent wind speed and reduced effective yaw angle in the wake of the lead truck. In the presence of a three-vehicle traffic pattern forward of a single truck, drag-area reductions on the order of 10% were observed relative to the same truck travelling in isolation. When platooning with this surrounding-traffic pattern, the trends and magnitudes of aerodynamic drag reduction are shown to be retained, relative to the platoon in the absence of other traffic, corroborating observed trends in of fuel-savings performed simultaneously.

As a supplement to the current study, a first-of-its-kind coast-down test was undertaken with the two-truck platoon where the CACC system was used to maintain a constant distance between the vehicles during each coast. The CACC system was used on the following vehicle when the lead vehicle was coasting and on the lead vehicle when the follower was coasting. Despite some scatter in the data from this proof-of-concept study, the results are consistent with those of the principal constant-speed measurement technique of this paper. This preliminary study demonstrates that the coast-down test method, which previously was only applied for single vehicles, is also applicable to vehicle platoons.
Near-to-Far Wake Characteristics of Road Vehicles Part 2: Influence of Cross Winds and Free-Stream Turbulence
Authors: McAuliffe Brian , Sowmianarayanan Bhargav , Barber Hali
Published: May 2021

Conventional assessments of the aerodynamic performance of ground vehicles have, to date, been considered in the context of a vehicle that encounters a uniform wind field in the absence of surrounding traffic. Recent vehicle-platooning studies have revealed measurable fuel savings when following other vehicles at inter-vehicle distances experienced in every-day traffic. These energy savings have been attributed in large part to the air-wakes of the leading vehicles. This set of three papers documents a study to examine the near-to-far regions of ground-vehicle wakes (one to ten vehicle lengths), in the context of their potential influence on other vehicles.

Part two of this three-part paper documents the influence of the ambient winds on the development of the wake behind a vehicle. A series of scaled-model wind-tunnel measurements, supplemented by some high-fidelity numerical simulations, based on a Lattice-Boltzmann approach, are presented to examine the effects cross-wind magnitude, by means of changes in yaw angle, on the wakes behind four vehicle shapes: a sedan, an SUV, a pickup truck, a medium-duty vehicle and a heavy-duty vehicle. The influence of road-representative freestream turbulence is also examined.

The results of these investigations show that, under yaw conditions, the distinct differences between the wake structures of slant/step-back and square-back shapes, documented in Part 1, are eliminated. At yaw, the moderate-to-far wake region is dominated by a large vortex structure of similar size to the vehicle itself that generates significant sidewash, analogous to the downwash in the wake of a wing in pitch. All vehicle shapes studied demonstrate this vortex structure which increases in strength with yaw angle. For vehicles following in the wake, not only do they experience a wind-speed deficit associated with the wake, but they experience a twisted wind profile with reduced yaw angles near the ground. The introduction of freestream turbulence is shown to generate a large wake with reduced shear, but without changing the dominant flow characteristics.
Noise Elimination of Low-Voltage Power Line Communication Channel using Time-Frequency Peak Filtering Algorithm
Authors: Mou Yuanju , Lv Zhizhong , Ge Liang , Xiao Xiaoting , Wang Zhengyin
Published: May 2021

There are a lot of noises in the low-voltage power line communication (LVPLC) channel, which seriously damages the LVPLC system. The noise in the low voltage power line can be divided into general background noise and random pulse noise. These two noises will cause serious interference to the communication process based on LVPLC, reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of LVPLC system, and the communication quality cannot meet the requirements. To ensure the communication quality, this paper uses the time-frequency peak filtering algorithm to eliminate the noise in the LVPLC in the experimental environment. Firstly, this paper studies the noise characteristics based on the measured LVPLC channel noise. Secondly, the memory noise model is established, and the time-frequency peak filtering algorithm is used to eliminate the noise. In order to analyze the denoising effect of time-frequency peak filtering algorithm, the algorithm is simulated. Finally, the application effect of the algorithm is verified by experimental test. The simulation and application results show that the time-frequency peak filtering algorithm can improve the signal-to-noise ratio by about 5 dB in the actual noise environment of LVPLC, which can adapt to the changeable environment of LVPLC channel noise, and has good noise suppression effect and good application value. The application in the solar panel data transmission system shows that the time-frequency peak filtering algorithm can meet the communication performance requirements of the laboratory, reduce the bit error rate by about 2 % under the general background noise interference, and reduce the bit error rate by about 3 % under the pulse interference environment, and improve the transmission quality of LVPLC system.
Long-Term Results of Percutaneous Management of Liver Hydatid Cysts: - Experience of a University Hospital in Endemic Region
Authors: Cherradi Younes , Afifi Rajaa , Khannoussi Wafaa , Firwana Mohammed , Rahaoui Anass , Benazzouz Mustapha , Essaid Abdellah
Published: May 2021

Background and objective: Surgery was considered for years the standard treatment for all stages of liver hydatid cysts (LHC). Percutaneous treatment has becomes a fast, reliable and more efficient method in selected cases. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous treatment of LHC on the basis of our department long-term results.

Patients and Methods: This study includes all patients who benefited from percutaneous treatment for LHC from December 1998 to April 2012. Puncture aspiration, injection, and re-aspiration (PAIR) were used for hydatid cysts smaller than 6 cm. Larger cysts, infected cysts and those with biliary fistula were treated by puncture associated to drainage (PA-PD). Absolute alcohol was used as sclerosing agent. Reduction of the size of the cyst more than 50%, pseudo-tumour echo pattern and disappearance of the cyst at the follow-up were retained as criteria of treatment efficacy.

Results: Two hundred thirty patients (136 female and 94 male; mean age: 35 years old) with 278 LHC underwent percutaneous treatment. Mean initial cyst diameter was 76.8 mm [20-180 mm]. According to Gharbi's classification, types I and II LHC accounted for 74% and 25% respectively. Fourteen patients (6%) presented with an infected cavity and 27 patients (12%) had a biliary fistula at diagnosis (12%). PA-PD was initially performedin 23 patients. No mortality, abdominal dissemination, or tract seeding occurred. Minor complications like urticaria, cutaneous rash and fever were reported in 24 patients (10%). One case of anaphylactic shock was reported with good evolution. Mean hospitalization time was 3 days ± 1.5 for uncomplicated cases and 16.5 days± 4.2 for complicated cases. 229 out of 230 patients were cured, whereas one recurrence has been reported.

Conclusion: Percutaneous treatmentis efficient and safe and offers complete cure in selected patients with the advantage of short hospitalization.

Keywords: Drainage, Hydatid Cyst, Liver, Morocco, Percutaneous Puncture, Ultrasound (US)
CROSS-BORDER IDENTITY AS A DAILY RESISTANCE TACTIC OF COSMOPOLITANISM IN A TIME OF GLOBAL HEALTH EMERGENCY: GORIZIA-NOVA GORICA GO BORDERLESS
Authors:   University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy, Porcelli Giorgio
Published: May 2021

Ulrich Beck represented cosmopolitan society as overcoming the nation-states as the container of the respective civil societies. In order to understand these profound changes, sociology itself appears inadequate, populated as it is by definitions that Beck considers as zombie concepts: “the conceptual apparatus of the sociology of modernity appears in crisis because it is inadequate to describe the situation of societies in which the borders of the nation-states that contained them have dissolved in an extremely rapid period. Rather than a definitive departure from that sociology, Beck’s invitation to the international community of sociologists is to recalibrate their concepts in a cosmopolitan perspective» (Porcelli 2005: 8). The social contract, which was at the base of the construction of what Anderson defined the imagined communities, sanctioned the renunciation by the populations of part of their prerogatives of freedom favouring the security guaranteed by the sovereign power. The present global health emergency seems to have proposed the same social pact: more security and less freedom, especially people segregated within the resurging nation-states by new borders and walls. The remaining residue of globalisation is its economic-financial globalism. Ethnographic analysis along border areas reveals a consolidated cross-border identity experienced in people’s everyday lives as a tactic of resistance against the erection of new self-containment barriers. This contribution aims to analyse the salient aspects of this phenomenon in the city of Gorizia, which for decades has constituted an integrated metropolitan area of the Italian and Slovenian zones, defining a specific cross-border identity shared by both Italian and Slovenian citizens. This identity has not given way in front of the walls that have been restored in recent months in order to contain the contagion and therefore could represent what de Certeau defined as a tactic of resistance that in the present case bears witness to the invention of an increasingly cosmopolitan daily life. In this respect, the main points of the project book submitted for the candidacy of Gorizia-Nova Gorica as European Capital of Culture 2025 will be examined. The title of the bid book itself specifies the cosmopolitan identity of the area under analysis: “Go borderless”.
KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY, GLOBALIZATION AND TAXATION: WHAT CAN THE STATE DO?
Authors:   Department of Political Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy, Russo Antonio
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes the State’s fiscal crisis and the impact on social inequalities in the global age. The old instruments of fiscal and monetary policy have lost much of their effectiveness, and they no longer allow capitalism to be governed at its present stage of development. The changes in the productive forces, modifying profoundly the economic structure, vary over time the effectiveness and the practicability of the macroeconomic regulation tools available for governments. The article sustains that is necessary to circumscribe the level of deep integration achieved by current economies to restore the redistributive action in modern democracies and to safeguard welfare systems, in order to face the effects of the technological restructuring underway. Globalisation, financialisation, and technological change are inextricably interconnected in cognitive capitalism and therefore require a unitary policy action to be adequately addressed by governments.
Pendekatan Sejarah Penebusan dalam Penafsiran Alkitab
Authors: Supriadi Made Nopen
Published: May 2021

Substansi ayat Alkitab dapat dipahami dengan melakukan analisis sampai menemukan prinsip kekal dan universal dari sebuah ayat. Penafsiran ayat Alkitab hanya pada menemukan arti konteks lampau dan masa kini, menimbulkan problematika dalam hal substansi. Melalui kajian deskriptif tulisan ini menjelaskan sebuah prinsip penafsiran Alkitab dengan metode pendekatan sejarah penebusan. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa ada banyak ayat Alkitab yang memiliki makna berkelanjutan dalam konteks masa kini dan masa yang akan datang, serta adanya perubahan bentuk dalam relevansi ayat-ayat tersebut. Sehingga melalui metode pendekatan sejarah penebusan para penafsir dapat menemukan substansi ayat Alkitab yang akan mampu direlevansikan secara universal dan kekal.
SINERGISITAS PEMERINTAH DESA DAN PERUSAHAAN DALAM PENERAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) PT LOMBOK ENERGY DYNAMICS DI DESA PADAK GUAR KECAMATAN SEMBELIA KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR
Authors: Tarmizi
Published: May 2021

Republik Inonesia Undang-undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945.

Republik Inonesia Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa.

Republik Inonesia Undang-Undang Nomor 40 tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas.
Automated Face Authentication and Alert System Using AI
Authors: Samabth Dr.M. , Lella Gopinath , Arulalan K. , Rathinavel M. , Aravindhar Dr.D. John , Ravi S.
Published: May 2021

Local animals such as buffaloes, elephants, goats, birds, and others frequently kill farm crops. Farmers lose a lot of money as a result. Farmers cannot barricade whole fields or remain on the premises 24 hours a day to guard them. For animal detection and unknown individual detection, we propose a deep learning process. We will create a system to detect wild animals trespassing on agricultural fields as part of this project. We'll be working on a device to identify wild animals trespassing on farmland as part of this project. Animal detection and classification may help farmers avoid damage to their fields, track down livestock, and avoid crop loss. To recognize unknown persons or animal, we'll use face recognition tools.
Optimized Warehouse Management of Perishable Goods
Authors: Kumar M.N. Vimal , Snehalatha S. , Nageswari C. Shobana , Raveena C. , Rajan S.
Published: May 2021

In recent years, food wastage becomes the major problem of the world and researchers indicate that 20-60% of the total production is lost in the food supply chain.[1] Due to perishable nature and the cost of the products fresh food companies face more challenges throughout the supply chains. An order proposal is generated for all the products for a time period of a week by the integration of Machine Learning and loud and also taking into supply chain with some barriers such as supplier delivery times and also the maximum and minimum number of orders. The whole process of prediction is done using Random Forest Regression algorithm. This paper focuses particularly on perishable goods and analyzed based on the accuracy of the training and testing data.