bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The lexical divide: propositive modes and non-agentic attitudes define the progressive left in Chile
Authors: Raveau María P. , Couyoumdjian Juan P. , Fuentes-Bravo Claudio , Rodriguez-Sickert Carlos , Candia Cristian
Published: July 2024

Internal factors-such as psychological traits or individual attitudes-relate to and explain political cleavages. Yet, little is known about how locus of control, agency, and modal attitudes impact political ideology. Utilizing textual analysis within the context of the Chilean 2015 constituent process, we go beyond traditional survey methods to explore community clusters in “Values” and “Rights” networks built upon the deliberation of 106,000 people. Our findings reveal distinct attitudinal patterns across political orientations: the progressive left generally exhibits a more propositive and non-agentic attitude, the traditional left adopts an evaluative stance towards values, and the right-wing community leans towards a factual attitude but shifts to an evaluative stance when discussing rights. These results underscore the role of psychological constructs in shaping political ideologies and introduce textual analysis as a robust tool for psychological and political inquiry. The study offers a comprehensive understanding of the complexities of political behavior and provides a new lens through which to examine the psychology of political ideology.
Linguistic synesthesia in language contact: Sino-Korean vs. native Korean synesthetic compounds
Authors: Jo Charmhun
Published: July 2024

This study examines whether linguistic synesthesia shares mapping directionality across languages and cultures in terms of language contact. This motivation has led to the examination of Sino-Korean synesthetic compounds compared to native Korean ones. A comparative analysis of Sino-Korean and native Korean synesthesia proposes that language contact has observed linguistic variations in transfer directionality in linguistic synesthesia. In other words, this study’s results show that Sino-Korean compound synesthesia has a directionality model similar to Mandarin Chinese, which differs from previous universality models. In contrast, native Korean compound synesthesia directionality follows diagrams from Korean synesthesia research and previous studies based on Indo-European languages.
The road home: intimacy with parents, trust, and depression
Authors: Zhang Yujie
Published: July 2024

Within the contemporary mental health discourse, the complex interplay of intimacy with parents, trust, and their collective impact on depression remains insufficiently explored, especially amid the merging of Western and Eastern sociocultural norms propelled by modernization, casting doubt on the foundational role of the family in individual psychological health. This study introduces a theoretical framework that merges attachment theory with modern societal shifts to clarify the intricate relationship between familial connections and individual mental health amidst changing social paradigms. Leveraging data from the 2018 and 2020 waves of the China Family Panel Studies, which included 3048 participants, this study utilizes ordered logistic regression to probe the subtle relationship between intimacy with parents and depression. Additionally, it employs Structural Equation Modeling to assess the mediating effects of five distinct dimensions of interpersonal trust, thus uncovering the complex linkages between intimacy with parents, trust, and depression. The results highlight the crucial role of intimacy with parents in mitigating depression, with trust in parents and neighbors identified as key mediators, while trust in strangers, local government officials, and physicians showed minimal mediating influence. These findings accentuate the critical importance of robust family and community bonds in addressing depression and call for a deeper understanding of trust’s role in both policymaking and clinical interventions. Despite the modern era’s trend towards individualism and greater mobility altering family structures and trust dynamics, the family remains an essential infrastructure and haven for individual intimacy, trust, and mental health, underscoring the subtle balance between modernity and tradition in societies undergoing transition.
Structural and magnetic properties of molecular beam epitaxy (MnSb2Te4)x(Sb2Te3)1−x topological materials with exceedingly high Curie temperature
Authors: Forrester Candice R. , Testelin Christophe , Wickramasinghe Kaushini , Levy Ido , Demaille Dominique , Hrabovsky David , Ding Xiaxin , Krusin-Elbaum Lia , Lopez Gustavo E. , Tamargo Maria C.
Published: July 2024

Tuning the properties of magnetic topological materials is of interest to realize exotic physical phenomena, new quantum phases and quasiparticles, and topological spintronic devices. However, current topological materials exhibit Curie temperature (TC) values far below those needed for practical applications. In recent years, significant progress has been made to control and optimize TC, particularly through defect-engineering of these structures. Most recently, we reported TC values up to 80 K for (MnSb2Te4)x(Sb2Te3)1−x when 0.7 ≤ x ≤ 0.85 by controlling the composition x and the Mn content in these structures during molecular beam epitaxy growth. In this study, we show further enhancement of the TC, as high as 100 K, by maintaining high Mn content and reducing the growth rate from 0.9 nm/min to 0.5 nm/min. Derivative curves of the Hall resistance and the magnetization reveal the presence of two TC components contributing to the overall value and suggest TC1 and TC2 have distinct origins: excess Mn in MnSb2Te4 septuple layers (SLs) and high Mn content in Sb2−yMnyTe3 quintuple layer (QL) alloys, respectively. To elucidate the mechanisms promoting higher TC values in this system, we show evidence of enhanced structural disorder due to the excess Mn that occupies not only Sb sites but also Te sites, leading to the formation of a new crystal structure for these materials. Learning to control defects that enhance desired magnetic properties and understanding the mechanisms that promote high TC in magnetic topological materials such as (Mn1+ySb2−yTe4)x(Sb2−yMnyTe3)1−x is of great importance to achieve practical quantum devices.
Theory and mitigation of motional eddy current in high-field eddy current shielding
Authors: Lee Seung-Kyun , Hua Yihe
Published: July 2024

Eddy current shielding by a Faraday cage is an effective way to shield alternating-current magnetic fields in scientific instrumentation. In a strong static magnetic field, however, the eddy current in the conductive shield is subject to the Lorentz force, which causes the shield to vibrate. In addition to mechanical issues (e.g., acoustic noise), such vibration induces motional eddy current in the shield that can dominate the original, electromagnetic eddy current to undermine the conductor's shielding capability. In this work, we investigate a method to control motional eddy current by making cut-out patterns in the conductor that follow the electromagnetic eddy current image. This effectively limits the surface current of the plate to a single mode and prevents the proliferation of uncontrolled motion-induced surface currents that disrupts eddy current shielding. After developing a comprehensive theory of magneto-mechanical interaction in a conductive plate, the proposed method was tested on a flat-geometry testbed experiment inside a 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnet. It was found that the magnetic field generated by the motional eddy current was much more localized in space and frequency for a patterned-copper shield compared to a solid copper. The magnetic field of the patterned shield could be accurately predicted from the impedance measurement in the magnet. Implications of our results for improved shielding of gradient fields in high-field MRI are discussed.
Resistant Grapevine Varieties to Downy Mildew
Authors: Salotti I. , Caffi T. , Fedele G. , Rossi V.
Published: July 2024

Downy mildew (DM), caused by the oomycete
Plasmopara viticola
, is one of the most important diseases of grapevine worldwide. Control of DM still largely relies on fungicide applications even though the call for agricultural sustainability makes of paramount importance the exploitation of human- and eco-friendly alternatives. Partially resistant varieties, which originate from the introgression of genes of resistance to DM from wild grapevines into the
Vitis vinifera
genome, may contribute to a less fungicide-dependent viticulture. In these varieties,
P. viticola
completes its life cycle on grapevine, but one or more stages of the disease cycle are affected, leading to reduced DM severity and/or slowed the progress of the epidemics in the field. This case study describes the origins of resistance genes and their exploitation in breeding programmes, the effect of resistance on the disease cycle and DM epidemics. A focus on integrated disease management in the vineyard of DM in relation to other fungal diseases is also provided.

Information

© The Authors 2024
Efficient and reliable detection of nonlocal quantum correlations in continuous-variable and hybrid states via random measurements
Authors: Barasiński Artur , Sudak Nazarii , Peřina Jr Jan
Published: July 2024

We investigate the violation of nonlocal realism using various entangled continues- and hybrid-variable states under dichotomic observables. In particular, we consider two cases of dichotomic observables (1) described by a pseudospin operator and (2) given in terms of the Wigner representation of the state in phase space, parity measurement and displacement operation. We address the recently proposed operational measure of nonlocality which describes the probability of local-realism violation under randomly sampled observables. We show the usefulness and limitations of the probability of local-realism violation for the detection of nonlocality. A simple procedure to detect such nonlocal correlations for randomly chosen settings with efficiencies of up to 100% is proposed. The practical advantage of applying random measurements that considerably lowers the experimental requirements is mentioned.
Quantum word embedding for machine learning
Authors: Nguyen Phuong-Nam
Published: July 2024

The accelerated progress in quantum computing has enabled a new form of machine intelligence that runs on quantum hardware, which holds great promise for more powerful computational models in various learning tasks. An emergent application of Quantum Machine Intelligence (QMI) is Quantum Natural Language Processing (QNLP). This paper proposes a multi-dimensional, finite automaton model for quantum word embedding (QWE) via the Galois field. We demonstrated the model to three applications: (1) English vocabulary, (2) amino acid-based genetic codes, and (3) DNA-based genetic codes. The numerical results obtained from the proposed algorithm for the English vocabulary indicate that it produces more representative word features than Word2Vec based on the word distance metric. Second, the proposed algorithm is also utilized to model RNA-Protein interaction based on the latent distance of a given molecule, which is demonstrated on three large datasets, namely RPI369, RPI1807, and RPI2241. Finally, two embedding techniques for DNA-based genetic codes are proposed in this work: Two-state Lackadaisical Encoding (TCE) and Topological-Cyclic Encoding (TLE). These techniques enable extracting relevant features for the efficacy score of gRNAs used in the CRISPR-Cas 9 system, demonstrated on 15 datasets, compared to 12 mathematical features. We make our implementation available at https://github.com/namnguyen0510/Quantum-Embedding-of-Word/tree/main.
Narrow nano-beam generation inside of silicon photonic chip with a hemi-cylinder
Authors: Zhou Song , Qian Fang , Minin Igor V , Minin Oleg V
Published: July 2024

A photonic nanojet (PNJ) can be shrunk using a high index dielectric micro-particle to generate a narrow nano-beam. Considering silicon has a high refractive index and low absorption in near-infrared waves, here, we present a narrow nano-beam generation inside of a silicon photonic chip with a hemi-cylinder. The proposed design consists of a silicon hemi-cylinder on a silicon substrate with a micro-hole. At first, we investigate the narrow PNJ inside of the silicon substrate produced by a silicon hemi-cylinder on a silicon substrate. In order to make the PNJ inside of the silicon substrate usable, the properties of the PNJ influenced by the position of the added micro-hole filled with water are studied. A narrow nano-beam can be obtained when the position of the added micro-hole is well-chosen. Then, the narrow nano-beam affected by the silicon hemi-cylinder immersed different mediums is presented. Finally, we discuss the influence of the perturbation of illumination angle on the properties of the nano-beam. The proposed structure may have potential applications in enhanced Raman spectroscopy and optofluidic chips.
Various exact solutions to the time-fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation via the new modified Sardar sub-equation method
Authors: Murad Muhammad Amin S , Ismael Hajar F , Sulaiman Tukur Abdulkadir
Published: July 2024

We aim to investigates the nonlinear Schrödinger equation including time-fractional derivative in (3+1)-dimensions by considering cubic and quantic terms The modified Sardar sub-equation method is used that lead to the discovery of a unique class of optical solutions. To transform the suggested nonlinear equation into an ordinary differential equation, we applied wave transformations, resulting in a set of nonlinear equations that offer diverse solution scenarios. The derived solutions encompass dark, wave, bright, mixed dark-bright, bell-shape, kink-shape, and singular soliton solutions. To enhance our understanding of the dynamic behavior exhibited by these solitons under varying time parameter values, visual simulations through a variety of graphs is presented. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison is conducted, exploring a range of values for the conformable fractional order parameter. This comparison aims to highlight on the influence of fractional order variations on the solutions, contributing valuable insights into the nuanced dynamics of the system. Overall, this study serves to advance our understanding of nonlinear processes, and its potential applications in real-life phenomena. In the field of nonlinear optics, this equation can describe the propagation of optical pulses in nonlinear media. It helps in understanding the behavior of intense laser beams as they propagate through materials exhibiting nonlinear optical effects such as self-focusing, self-phase modulation, and optical solitons.
Thermodynamics of charged AdS black hole surrounded by quintessence in restricted phase space
Authors: Jian 简 Siyu 思雨 , Long 龙 Siying 思颖 , Chen 陈 Juhua 菊华 , Wang 王 Yongjiu 永久
Published: July 2024

We study thermodynamics of charged AdS black hole surrounded by quintessence in a new formalism which is called the restricted phase space thermodynamics. This context is based on Visser’s holographic thermodynamics with a fixed anti-de Sitter radius and a variable Newton constant. The conjugate variables, central charge C and the chemical potential μ, are introduced as a new pair of thermodynamic variables. We find that the iso-e-charge T–S curve becomes non-monotonic when

Q
^

<

Q
^

c

. Correspondingly, the F–T curve exhibits a swallow tail structure. This behavior is considered as a van der Waals-like phase transition. As the value of

b
^

related to the energy density of Kiselev’s fluid becomes larger, the critical temperature T
c will decrease. Thus, the van der Waals-like phase transition will occur at lower temperature. There is always a non-quilibrium transition from a small unstable black hole to a large stable black hole state in the isocoltage T–S process. There exist a maximum and a Hawking–Page phase transition points in the μ–C plane. As the value of

b
^

related to Kiselev’s fluid becomes larger, the Hawking–Page phase transition will occur at lower temperature in the isovoltage μ–T process. For other values of the state parameter ω, there also exists van der Waals-like phase transition.
Optimization performance of quantum endoreversible Otto machines with dual-squeezed reservoirs
Authors: Liu 刘 Haoguang 浩广
Published: July 2024

We consider a quantum endoreversible Otto engine cycle and its inverse operation-Otto refrigeration cycle, employing two-level systems as the working substance and operating in dual-squeezed reservoirs. We demonstrate that the efficiency of heat engines at maximum work output and the coefficient of performance for refrigerators at the maximum χ criterion will degenerate to η
− = η
C/(2 – η
C) and

ε
−

=
(

9
+
8

ε
C

−
3
)
/
2

when symmetric squeezing is satisfied, respectively. We also investigated the influences of squeezing degree on the performance optimization of quantum Otto heat engines at the maximum work output and refrigerators at the maximum χ criterion. These analytical results show that the efficiency of heat engines at maximum work output and the coefficient of performance for refrigerators at the maximum χ criterion can be improved, reduced or even inhibited in asymmetric squeezing. Furthermore, we also find that the efficiency of quantum Otto heat engines at maximum work output is lower than that obtained from the Otto heat engines based on a single harmonic oscillator system. However, the coefficient of performance of the corresponding refrigerator is higher.
A large language model-powered literature review for high-angle annular dark field imaging
Authors: Yuan 袁 Wenhao 文浩 , Peng 彭 Cheng 程 , He 何 Qian 迁
Published: July 2024

High-angle annular dark field (HAADF) imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has become an indispensable tool in materials science due to its ability to offer sub-Å resolution and provide chemical information through Z-contrast. This study leverages large language models (LLMs) to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of a large amount of HAADF-related literature (more than 41000 papers). By using LLMs, specifically ChatGPT, we were able to extract detailed information on applications, sample preparation methods, instruments used, and study conclusions. The findings highlight the capability of LLMs to provide a new perspective into HAADF imaging, underscoring its increasingly important role in materials science. Moreover, the rich information extracted from these publications can be harnessed to develop AI models that enhance the automation and intelligence of electron microscopes.
Multi-model ensembles for regional and national wheat yield forecasts in Argentina
Authors: Zachow Maximilian , Kunstmann Harald , Miralles Daniel Julio , Asseng Senthold
Published: July 2024

While multi-model ensembles (MMEs) of seasonal climate models (SCMs) have been used for crop yield forecasting, there has not been a systematic attempt to select the most skillful SCMs to optimize the performance of a MME and improve in-season yield forecasts. Here, we propose a statistical model to forecast regional and national wheat yield variability from 1993–2016 over the main wheat production area in Argentina. Monthly mean temperature and precipitation from the four months (August–November) before harvest were used as features. The model was validated for end-of-season estimation in December using reanalysis data (ERA) from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) as well as for in-season forecasts from June to November using a MME of three SCMs from 10 SCMs analyzed. A benchmark model for end-of-season yield estimation using ERA data achieved a R
2 of 0.33, a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 9.8% and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) score of 0.8 on national level. On regional level, the model demonstrated the best estimation accuracy in the northern sub-humid Pampas with a R
2 of 0.5, a RMSE of 12.6% and a ROC score of 0.9. Across all months of initialization, SCMs from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory had the highest mean absolute error of forecasted features compared to ERA data. The most skillful in-season wheat yield forecasts were possible with a 3-member-MME, combining data from the SCMs of the ECMWF, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the French national meteorological service. This MME forecasted wheat yield on national level at the beginning of November, one month before harvest, with a R
2 of 0.32, a RMSE of 9.9% and a ROC score of 0.7. This approach can be applied to other crops and regions.
Algebraic formulas and geometric derivation of source identities
Authors: Motegi Kohei , Ohkawa Ryo
Published: July 2024

Source identities are fundamental identities between multivariable special functions. We give a geometric derivation of rational and trigonometric source identities. We also give a systematic derivation and extension of various determinant representations for source functions which appeared in previous literature as well as introducing the elliptic version of the determinants, and obtain identities between determinants. We also show several symmetrization formulas for the rational version.
Ratchet-mediated resetting: current, efficiency, and exact solution
Authors: Roberts Connor , Sezik Emir , Lardet Eloise
Published: July 2024

We model an overdamped Brownian particle that is subject to resetting facilitated by a ratchet potential on a spatially periodic domain. This asymmetric potential switches on with a constant rate, but switches off again only upon the particle’s first passage to a resetting point at the minimum of the potential. Repeating this cycle sustains a non-equilibrium steady-state, as well as a directed steady-state current which can be harnessed to perform useful work. We derive exact analytic expressions for the probability densities of the free-diffusion and resetting phases, the associated currents for each phase, and an efficiency parameter that quantifies the return in current for given power input. These expressions allow us to fully characterise the system and obtain experimentally relevant results such as the optimal current and efficiency. Our results are corroborated by simulations, and have implications for experimentally viable finite-time resetting protocols.
Extracting phonon coupling parameters from multi color center photoluminescence
Authors: Lamelas A , Amaral V S
Published: July 2024

Vibronic coupling of color centers plays a crucial role in their effectiveness for quantum technologies. This study presents a novel approach to extract key parameters, including the Huang–Rhys factor and the one-phonon coupling function, from photoluminescence spectra containing the signal from multiple color centers. Monotonic splines are used to represent the one-phonon coupling function, optimized using a variable-length non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. Our method is applied to the combination of the well-studied negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy center and its less explored neutral counterpart in diamond, observed through photoluminescence at 14 K. Despite the complexity inherent in the theoretical framework governing phonon coupling in photoluminescence, we achieve robust fits, yielding a normalized root-mean-squared error of approximately 6%. The neutral nitrogen-vacancy center exhibits a Huang–Rhys factor of 3.0, while its negatively charged counterpart showcases a value of 3.95. The quasi-localized vibrations of both charge states are clearly present in the fitted one-phonon spectral function. Furthermore, the consistency of our methodology is bolstered by temperature-dependent photoluminescence, which was calculated up to numerical constants using fit-derived parameters, matching the experimental measurements up to 300 K.
Functionalization of PLA nanofibers with PCL blending and TiO2 nanoparticle addition
Authors: Evcimen Duygulu Nilufer
Published: July 2024

In this study, the functionality of polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibers was enhanced by blending polycaprolactone (PCL) and adding titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Various concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles, ranging from 1 to 7% wt, were added to the PLA nanofibers. Optimal dispersion was observed at 3% wt TiO2, resulting in 493.64 ± 129.78 nm fiber sizes. Blending PLA with PCL in a 1:1 ratio yielded fibers with an average diameter of 513.20 ± 64.85 nm. The addition of TiO2 nanoparticles into the PLA/PCL blends increased fiber pore area due to the larger fiber size. Mechanical testing indicated that adding TiO2 nanoparticles enhanced the strength of the nanofibers slightly while ductility increased significantly. The results for the water uptake behavior of the fibers showed that TiO2 NP addition improved the water absorption. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and Escherichia coli (E.coli) using the agar disk diffusion method. TiO2 NPs added PLA and PLA/PCL nanofibers demonstrated inhibition zones of 10.46 ± 1.03 mm and 19.30 ± 1.47 mm against S.aureus, and 13.33 ± 1.15 mm and 21.71 ± 1.74 mm against E.coli, respectively.
Study of the effect of synthesis temperature and thermal aging on structural, dielectric properties and phase composition in NiO/NiAl2O4 composite ceramics
Authors: Shakirzyanov Rafael I , Borgekov Daryn B , Garanin Yuriy A , Kozlovskiy Artem L , Volodina Natalia O , Shlimas Dmitriy I , Zdorovets Maxim V
Published: July 2024

In modern materials science, a considerable amount of research is focused on obtaining new ceramic materials to create efficient functional elements. Acquiring highly efficient and stable ceramic catalysts for alternative energy is an important task that demands an urgent solution. Solving this problem as fast as possible is essential, as it will facilitate the development of new technologies that can prevent future energy crises. Nickel oxide (NiO) and spinel with the composition NiAl2O4 are excellent candidates as high temperature catalysts used in alternative energy applications. This paper studies the synthesis of NiO/NiAl2O4 composite ceramics and the effect of high-temperature aging on their phase composition, crystalline properties, and dielectric characteristics. The study found that the phase composition and microstructure of the ceramics remain unchanged after several thermal aging cycles at 700 °C. However, the crystalline parameters and low-frequency dielectric characteristics may fluctuate significantly depending on the duration of aging. The observed variations were predominantly influenced by the microstructural features of the composite ceramics. As the average grain size increased and the phase transformations were completed, the crystalline parameters and low-frequency dielectric characteristics reached a stable state without further alteration. For NiO/NiAl2O4 ceramics with a sintering temperature of 1500 °C, the highest shrinkage, low dielectric loss values and acceptable hardness were observed, indicating that the fabricated ceramics are suitable for mechanical processing. In general, the obtained composite ceramics show high temperature stability and are well-suited for use as functional elements in hydrogen energy applications.
Tensile behaviour of continuous carbon fibre reinforced composites fabricated by a modified 3D printer
Authors: Gür Yılmaz , Çelik Sare , Sakin Raif
Published: July 2024

This study aims to highlight the impact of low-volume (7.5%) continuous carbon fibre reinforcement in three different polymer matrices and the effects of post-processing under hot pressing on the mechanical properties of the structures. A fused deposition modelling (FDM) printer’s print head was modified to directly extrude the polymer matrix and continuous carbon fibre tow together. Both pure and carbon fibre-reinforced samples were cured under hot pressing at 100 °C and 10 kN pressure for 15 min. All samples underwent tensile and hardness tests, and the microstructure of fractured samples was analysed using a scanning electron microscope. The results indicate that continuous carbon fibre reinforcement and hot pressing are crucial for enhancing the mechanical performance of 3D-printed objects.
Montmorillonite in dentistry: a review of advances in research and potential clinical applications
Authors: Prasad Kumara P A A S , Deng Xiaoxuan , Cooper Paul R , Cathro Peter , Dias George , Gould Maree , Ratnayake Jithendra
Published: July 2024

Montmorillonite (MMT) is a biocompatible, cost-effective phyllosilicate mineral clay material with a nanolayered structure belonging to the smectite group. MMT is frequently used as an adsorbent catalyst in organic synthesis, food additives, cosmetics, medical applications and many other applications in varying industries. MMT has been incorporated into numerous experimental dental restorative materials as a reinforcing filler due to its high aspect ratio, forming interfacial solid bonds with the polymer matrix. The relatively high cation exchange capacity and layered structure of MMT pave the way as a medium for drug delivery systems. Furthermore, the incorporation of ions such as calcium, fluoride, silver, and zinc potentially increase the remineralization properties and antibacterial properties of MMT-based dental materials. Despite modern dental restorative materials having advanced significantly with innovations in material nanoscience, challenges such as biocompatibility, inadequate mechanical properties, marginal leakage, polymerization shrinkage, aesthetic concerns, and overall costs remain to be addressed. This review investigates the potential of montmorillonite (MMT) in dentistry, emphasizing its distinctive properties, composite formulations, and applications. It assesses the current state of research in these areas, aiming to highlight existing gaps in knowledge, emerging trends, and lesser-known applications of MMT-based materials. The review underscores MMT’s promise as an alternative material across various dental applications while noting the scarcity of research on completed products and in vivo clinical studies.
Ratchet loading and multi-ensemble operation in an optical lattice clock
Authors: Hassan Youssef S , Kobayashi Takumi , Bothwell Tobias , Seigel Jacob L , Hunt Benjamin D , Beloy Kyle , Gibble Kurt , Grogan Tanner , Ludlow Andrew D
Published: July 2024

We demonstrate programmable control over the spatial distribution of ultra-cold atoms confined in an optical lattice. The control is facilitated through a combination of spatial manipulation of the magneto-optical trap and atomic population shelving to a metastable state. We first employ the technique to load an extended (5 mm) atomic sample with uniform density in an optical lattice clock (OLC), reducing atomic interactions and realizing remarkable frequency homogeneity across the atomic cloud. We also prepare multiple spatially separated atomic ensembles, and realize multi-ensemble clock operation within the standard one-dimensional (1D) OLC architecture. Leveraging this technique, we prepare two oppositely spin-polarized ensembles that are independently addressable, offering a platform for implementing spectroscopic protocols for enhanced tracking of local oscillator phase. Finally, we demonstrate a relative fractional frequency instability at one second of

2.4
(
1
)
×

10

−
17

between two ensembles, useful for characterization of intra-lattice differential systematics.
Remote effect of tropical south Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies on April–June accumulated cyclone energy over the western North Pacific
Authors: Song Jinjie , Klotzbach Philip J , Wei Na , Duan Yihong
Published: July 2024

Global processes and their teleconnections, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), have been shown to be a large driver of interannual changes in accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) of western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclones (TCs), with higher ACE during El Niño and lower ACE during La Niña. However, it remains uncertain whether interannual changes in WNP TC ACE are modulated by sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in other oceans. This study finds a significant negative correlation between WNP TC ACE during the early season (April–June) and simultaneous SSTAs over the tropical south Atlantic (TSA) in 1970–2021. On average, in warm TSA years, basinwide April–June ACE is significantly lower, with significant ACE decreases mainly occurring over the region spanning 5°–30°N, 115°–150°E. This is a result of reduced TC frequency, intensity and duration, due to a remote modulation of WNP environmental conditions by TSA SSTAs. In warm TSA years, there are significant decreases in 700–500-hPa relative humidity, 850-hPa relative vorticity and 200-hPa divergence and significant increases in 850–200-hPa vertical wind shear over the portion of the WNP with significant ACE reductions. These environmental changes can be linked to an anomalous Walker circulation induced by TSA SSTAs.
Research on the flexural property of composite laminates with embedded PZT
Authors: Li Xining , Zhang Yaomao , Liu Yuzhi , Song Shiqi
Published: July 2024

The composite laminate embedded with piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT-5A) synthesizes the functional characteristics of a sensor such as damage monitoring and actuation. However, for composite laminates, PZT components belong to foreign impurities, which may destroy the integrity of the structure and damage the mechanical properties of the structure to some extent. In order to ensure the safety and reliability of the structure, this study revealed the influence of composite laminates embedded with PZT components on the flexural property through experiments and simulations. In the simulation, the shape of the resin enrichment zone was considered in combination with experimental observation. The results show that the error in the numerical prediction was less than 5%. Based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, the approximate symmetric layout of PZT in the laminate is obtained, which can reduce the influence of embedding on the bending performance of the structure. These results can provide reference and research ideas for the mechanical properties analysis of piezoelectric ceramic embedded structures.
Predictive modeling of specific fuel consumption in compression ignition engines using neural networks: a comparative analysis across diesel and polymer-based fuels
Authors: Modi Maulik A , Patel Tushar M
Published: July 2024

The study utilized neural network modeling to forecast the fuel consumption in compression ignition engines fueled by diesel, HDPE PO, PP PO, and LDPE PO. Using empirical data, a neural network model was constructed and used to estimate specific fuel consumption (SFC). Employing orthogonal arrays and parameter adjustments ensured accurate prediction of SFC, which was validated through experimentation. The multilayer perception network, coupled with traditional backpropagation, facilitates the nonlinear mapping of inputs to outcomes. In the LM10TP architecture, the key metrics from the training set included an impressive R-squared value of 1, indicating a perfect fit with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0012 and a mean square error (MSE) of 1.5143E-06. Similarly, the validation set exhibited robust performance metrics with an R-squared value of 0.9999, an RMSE of 0.0011, and an MSE of 1.2185E-06. These metrics underscore the efficacy of neural networks in both the training and validation phases, affirming their utility as reliable predictive tools for SFC. Overall, this study highlights the effectiveness of neural network modeling for accurately predicting fuel consumption in compression ignition engines across diesel and polymer-based fuels. By leveraging empirical data and sophisticated modeling techniques, this study contributes to advancing predictive capabilities in the field, offering valuable insights for optimizing engine performance and fuel efficiency.
Experimental investigations and finite element simulation for predicting wear life of overrunning clutches
Authors: Dutt Karan A , Joshi Shashikant J , Shah Dhaval B , Prajapati Dipak
Published: July 2024

An overrunning clutch, generally known as a freewheel clutch, is a direction dependent torque transmitting device that works on the principle of wedge friction. The overrunning wear characteristics of freewheels are studied using pin-on-disc tribometry. The wear experiments for freewheels are performed at accelerated loads to promote wear in a short period. The overrunning wear life of the clutch under operating conditions is predicted using an appropriate load-life relationship. A finite element-based Archard’s wear model is implemented as a numerical strategy to evaluate the wear profile. The maximum local wear for various loads is computed using experimentally obtained wear and friction coefficients. The numerical simulation is performed with an adaptive mesh technique utilizing incremental nodal displacements to predict surface wear. The experimental and numerical results are compared in terms of wear characteristics. The numerical wear results are almost 11% higher than the experimental results. The wear life of an overrunning clutch is predicted in terms of overrunning speed based on the wear amount.
Dispersion frequency technique to explain the charge transfer process involved in cadmium detection using aniline, N-phenylglycine and graphene oxide based electrochemical sensor
Authors: Dutta Kusumita , Panda Siddhartha
Published: July 2024

A new technique, termed as dispersion frequency (DF) technique, based on Maxwell Wagner dispersion frequency, was proposed for the first time in an electrochemical sensor to explain the charge transfer mechanism involved, behind the sensing process. Dispersion frequency can be characterized by the maximum dispersion in capacitance, which is an interfacial relaxation effect, and occurs in systems where electric current passes through the electrode electrolyte interface across the double layer. In this work, this technique was used to explain the reason behind the improvement in the selectivity by varying the film thickness and amount of graphene oxide (GO), in composite (from aniline, N-phenylglycine and GO) films. For that purpose, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) experiments were conducted, and the DF values were evaluated. It was found that the DF values decrease with film thickness and increase with the GO content when detecting Cd2+ in buffer. Also, the DF value changed (decreased) in presence of interfering species. Thus, it was demonstrated that the DF values could be used to predict and explain the interference effect. The behavior of the DF values was opposite to that of the barrier width (BW) values as studied in a previous work which too were a function of the film thickness and the GO content. Both explain independent physical phenomena which are related to the same charge transfer process. In this work, a correlation coefficient relating the barrier width and dispersion frequency values with respect to film thicknesses at any specific amount of GO content was evaluated. This correlation coefficient can be used to evaluate one parameter if the other is known for a series of film thicknesses by doing lesser number of EIS experiments.
Unveiling the robustness of machine learning families
Authors: Fabra-Boluda R , Ferri C , Ramírez-Quintana M J , Martínez-Plumed F
Published: July 2024

The evaluation of machine learning systems has typically been limited to performance measures on clean and curated datasets, which may not accurately reflect their robustness in real-world situations where data distribution can vary from learning to deployment, and where truthfully predict some instances could be more difficult than others. Therefore, a key aspect in understanding robustness is instance difficulty, which refers to the level of unexpectedness of system failure on a specific instance. We present a framework that evaluates the robustness of different ML models using item response theory-based estimates of instance difficulty for supervised tasks. This framework evaluates performance deviations by applying perturbation methods that simulate noise and variability in deployment conditions. Our findings result in the development of a comprehensive taxonomy of ML techniques, based on both the robustness of the models and the difficulty of the instances, providing a deeper understanding of the strengths and limitations of specific families of ML models. This study is a significant step towards exposing vulnerabilities of particular families of ML models.
Ethnic differences in the effects of apolipoprotein E ɛ4 and vascular risk factors on accelerated brain aging
Authors: Im Yanghee , Kang Sung Hoon , Park Gilsoon , Yoo Heejin , Chun Min Young , Kim Chi-Hun , Park Chae Jung , Kim Jun Pyo , Jang Hyemin , Kim Hee Jin , Oh Kyungmi , Koh Seong-Beom , Lee Jong-Min , Na Duk L , Seo Sang Won , Kim Hosung
Published: July 2024

The frequency of the apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele and vascular risk factors differs among ethnic groups. We aimed to assess the combined effects of apolipoprotein E ɛ4 and vascular risk factors on brain age in Korean and UK cognitively unimpaired populations. We also aimed to determine the differences in the combined effects between the two populations. We enrolled 2314 cognitively unimpaired individuals aged ≥45 years from Korea and 6942 cognitively unimpaired individuals from the UK, who were matched using propensity scores. Brain age was defined using the brain age index. The apolipoprotein E genotype (ɛ4 carriers, ɛ2 carriers and ɛ3/ɛ3 homozygotes) and vascular risk factors (age, hypertension and diabetes) were considered predictors. Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 carriers in the Korean (β = 0.511, P = 0.012) and UK (β = 0.302, P = 0.006) groups had higher brain age index values. The adverse effects of the apolipoprotein E genotype on brain age index values increased with age in the Korean group alone (ɛ2 carriers × age, β = 0.085, P = 0.009; ɛ4 carriers × age, β = 0.100, P < 0.001). The apolipoprotein E genotype, age and ethnicity showed a three-way interaction with the brain age index (ɛ2 carriers × age × ethnicity, β = 0.091, P = 0.022; ɛ4 carriers × age × ethnicity, β = 0.093, P = 0.003). The effects of apolipoprotein E on the brain age index values were more pronounced in individuals with hypertension in the Korean group alone (ɛ4 carriers × hypertension, β = 0.777, P = 0.038). The apolipoprotein E genotype, age and ethnicity showed a three-way interaction with the brain age index (ɛ4 carriers × hypertension × ethnicity, β=1.091, P = 0.014). We highlight the ethnic differences in the combined effects of the apolipoprotein E ɛ4 genotype and vascular risk factors on accelerated brain age. These findings emphasize the need for ethnicity-specific strategies to mitigate apolipoprotein E ɛ4-related brain aging in cognitively unimpaired individuals.
Speech and neuroimaging effects following HiCommunication: a randomized controlled group intervention trial in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Steurer Hanna , Albrecht Franziska , Gustafsson Joakim Körner , Razi Adeel , Franzén Erika , Schalling Ellika
Published: July 2024

Speech, voice and communication changes are common in Parkinson's disease. HiCommunication is a novel group intervention for speech and communication in Parkinson’s disease based on principles driving neuroplasticity. In a randomized controlled trial, 95 participants with Parkinson’s disease were allocated to HiCommunication or an active control intervention. Acoustic analysis was performed pre-, post- and six months after intervention. Intention-to-treat analyses with missing values imputed in linear multilevel models and complimentary per-protocol analyses were performed. The proportion of participants with a clinically relevant increase in the primary outcome measure of voice sound level was calculated. Resting-state functional MRI was performed pre- and post-intervention. Spectral dynamic causal modelling and the parametric empirical Bayes methods were applied to resting-state functional MRI data to describe effective connectivity changes in a speech-motor-related network of brain regions. From pre- to post-intervention, there were significant group-by-time interaction effects for the measures voice sound level in text reading (unstandardized b = 2.3, P = 0.003), voice sound level in monologue (unstandardized b = 2.1, P = 0.009), Acoustic Voice Quality Index (unstandardized b = −0.5, P = 0.016) and Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio (unstandardized b = 1.3, P = 0.014) post-intervention. For 59% of the participants, the increase in voice sound level after HiCommunication was clinically relevant. There were no sustained effects at the six-month follow-up. In the effective connectivity analysis, there was a significant decrease in inhibitory self-connectivity in the left supplementary motor area and increased connectivity from the right supplementary motor area to the left paracentral gyrus after HiCommunication compared to after the active control intervention. In conclusion, the HiCommunication intervention showed promising effects on voice sound level and voice quality in people with Parkinson’s disease, motivating investigations of barriers and facilitators for implementation of the intervention in healthcare settings. Resting-state brain effective connectivity was altered following the intervention in areas implicated, possibly due to reorganization in brain networks.
Activation of the inflammasome and pyroptosis cascade in podocytes of patients with minimal change disease
Authors: Kajio Yuki , Suzuki Taihei , Kobayashi Kazuki , Kanazawa Nobuhiro , Iyoda Masayuki , Honda Hirokazu , Honda Kazuho
Published: July 2024

Background

In contrast to childhood minimal change disease (MCD), adult-onset MCD frequently recurs and requires prolonged immunosuppressive therapy. Accordingly, an investigation of the pathogenesis of adult MCD is required. MCD is usually accompanied by severe dyslipidaemia. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is known to function in a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) through CD36, triggering the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and programmed cell death called pyroptosis. However, the relationship between MCD pathogenesis and NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis activation via CD36 is not fully understood.

Methods

We conducted comprehensive histological and clinical evaluations by analysing renal biopsy (RBx) specimens and urine samples obtained from 26 patients with MCD. These samples were compared with control kidneys from 15 transplant donors and urine samples from 15 healthy volunteers.

Results

The number of podocytes was lower in the MCD group than in the control group. Urinary ox-LDL levels were higher in the MCD group than in the control group. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that NLRP3 and CD36 were upregulated in MCD podocytes. Urinary interleukin (IL)-18 levels increased in patients with MCD. Steroid therapy performed before RBx appeared to maintain the podocyte number and reduce urinary ox-LDL and IL-18 levels.

Conclusion

In MCD, the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis cascade seem to be activated via upregulation of CD36 in podocytes, associated with increased urinary ox-LDL. Elevated urinary IL-18 levels suggest that pyroptosis may occur in MCD. Further research is required to confirm the significance of the podocyte NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis in MCD.