bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High stereoselectivity synthesis of Z-3-methyleneisoindolin-1-ones on a Cu/ETS-10 catalyst via domino coupling–cyclization without the use of protective groups and ligands
Authors: Hu Huiling , Liu Changjun , Zhu Chaojie , Liu Chenghong , Tang Tiandi
Published: December 2023

Using Cu/ETS-10 to synthesize Z-3-methyleneisoindolin-1-ones through coupling–cyclization of 2-halobenzamides with aromatic alkynes in the absence of protected 2-halobenzamides and ligands.
Melanogrit potentiates melanogenesis by escalating cellular tyrosinase activity and MITF levels via pERK inhibition
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Lochab Savita , Verma Sudeep , Srivastava Jyotish , Dev Rishabh , Varshney Anurag
Published: December 2023

Vitiligo is characterized by the development of white patches on the skin either due to the loss of functional melanocytes or perturbations in the melanogenesis pathway. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of herbo-mineral formulation, Melanogrit in neutralizing the white patches in the skin. The study utilized UPLC/MS-QToF technique to determine the diversified phytochemical profile in Melanogrit. The murine B16F10 cells when treated with Melanogrit underwent morphological changes, including increased angularity, enlarged cell size, and greater dendritic protrusions. To establish an equivalent model to study melanogenesis, we carefully optimized the dosage of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH) in B16F10 cells as an alternative to using melanocyte-keratinocyte cocultures. The study determined a sub-optimal dose of αMSH (0.2 nM) in B16F10 cells that does not manifest any measurable effects on melanogenesis. In contrast, Melanogrit when used in conjunction with 0.2 nM αMSH, induced a dose-dependent increase in extracellular and intracellular melanin levels. Melanogrit transcriptionally up-regulated the decisive genes of the melanogenesis pathway, MITF, TYR, and TRP1, which was evident from the increased cellular tyrosine activity. Our findings also demonstrated that Melanogrit ameliorated the MITF protein levels by inhibiting pERK; notably without involving GSK3β in the process. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that Melanogrit has the potential to stimulate melanogenesis, making it a promising candidate for clinical applications in the treatment of white skin patches that develop in vitiligo patients.
Evidence for enhanced star formation rates in z  ∼  0.35 cluster galaxies undergoing ram pressure stripping
Authors: Vulcani Benedetta , Moretti Alessia , Poggianti Bianca M. , Radovich Mario , Werle Ariel , Gullieuszik Marco , Fritz Jacopo , Bacchini Cecilia , Richard Johan
Published: December 2023

Ram-pressure stripping (RPS) is the mechanism most often invoked to explain the observed differences between cluster and field galaxies. In the local Universe, its effect on the star-forming properties of the galaxies has been largely elucidated and the general consensus is that this process first compresses the gas available in galaxy disks, boosting the star formation for a limited amount of time, and then removes the remaining gas, leading to quenching. Much less is known about the effect and preponderance of RPS at higher redshifts, due to the lack of statistical samples. Exploiting VLT/MUSE observations of galaxies at 0.2 < z < 0.55 and a published catalog of ram-pressure-stripped galaxies, we compare the global star formation rate–mass (SFR–M*) relation of 29 cluster galaxies undergoing RPS to that of 26 undisturbed field and cluster galaxies that constitute our control sample. Stripping galaxies occupy the upper envelope of the SFR–M* relation of the control sample, showing a systematic enhancement of SFR at any given mass. The boost is > 3σ when considering the SFR occurring in both the tail and the disk of the galaxies. The enhancement is also seen on local scales: Considering spatially resolved data, ram-pressure stripped galaxies have large ΣSFR values overall, especially for Σ* > 107.5 M⊙ kpc−2. RPS seems to leave the same imprint on the SFR–M* and ΣSFR–Σ* relations both in the local Universe and at z ∼ 0.35.
The Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS)
Authors: García-Bernete I. , Alonso-Herrero A. , Rigopoulou D. , Pereira-Santaella M. , Shimizu T. , Davies R. , Donnan F. R. , Roche P. F. , González-Martín O. , Ramos Almeida C. , Bellocchi E. , Boorman P. , Combes F. , Efstathiou A. , Esparza-Arredondo D. , García-Burillo S. , González-Alfonso E. , Hicks E. K. S. , Hönig S. , Labiano A. , Levenson N. A. , López-Rodríguez E. , Ricci C. , Packham C. , Rouan D. , Stalevski M. , Ward M. J.
Published: December 2023

We use JWST/MIRI MRS spectroscopy of a sample of six local obscured type 1.9/2 active galactic nuclei (AGN) to compare their nuclear mid-IR absorption bands with the level of nuclear obscuration traced by X-rays. This study is the first to use subarcsecond angular resolution data of local obscured AGN to investigate the nuclear mid-IR absorption bands with a wide wavelength coverage (4.9–28.1 μm). All the nuclei show the 9.7 μm silicate band in absorption. We compare the strength of the 9.7 and 18 μm silicate features with torus model predictions. The observed silicate features are generally well explained by clumpy and smooth torus models. We report the detection of the 6 μm dirty water ice band (i.e., a mix of water and other molecules such as CO and CO2) at subarcsecond scales (∼0.26″ at 6 μm; inner ∼50 pc) in a sample of local AGN with different levels of nuclear obscuration in the range log NHX-Ray (cm−2)∼22 − 25. We find good correlation between the 6 μm water ice optical depths and NHX-Ray. This result indicates that the water ice absorption might be a reliable tracer of the nuclear intrinsic obscuration in AGN. The weak water ice absorption in less obscured AGN (log NHX-ray (cm−2)≲23.0 cm−2) might be related to the hotter dust temperature (> TsubH2O ∼ 110 K) expected to be reached in the outer layers of the torus due to their more inhomogeneous medium. Our results suggest it might be necessary to include the molecular content, such as H2O, aliphatic hydrocarbons (CH−), and more complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules, in torus models to better constrain key parameters such as the torus covering factor (i.e., nuclear obscuration).
Utility of agroclimatic stations to characterize microclimate and climate change in the sherry area over the last 20 years
Authors: Gómez Benítez Juan
Published: December 2023

In this work we analyze climatic data of temperatures, rainfall, winds and bioclimatic indexes for the last 20 years obtained from 8 agroclimatic stations distributed in the cultivation areas of the Sherry. The effects of climate change have been confirmed and maximum temperatures show a clear tendency to increase, which could lead to a considerable increase in maximum temperatures in the coming years. It has been observed that the average maximum temperatures during the summer in Jerez exceed 32 ºC, while in El Puerto and Sanlúcar they are appreciably cooler and are in the order of 30.5 ºC. It has also been verified a reduction of rainfall by almost 100 L/m2 in recent years, and verifying that rainfall has a certain cyclical character. It has been tested that predominant winds in Jerez are from the east, in Sanlúcar they are from the west and El Puerto has an intermediate wind regime. Significant differences have been observed between climatic stations located at short distances, showing the convenience of having agroclimatic stations in the most important vineyard areas and in the most suitable areas of the winery districts of the cities to adequately characterize their microclimate in relation to the wine industry.
Machine learned-based visualization of the diversity of grapevine genomes worldwide and in Armenia using SOMmelier
Authors: Magaryan Kristina , Nikogհosyan Maria , Baloyan Anush , Gasoyan Hripsime , Hovhannisyan Emma , Galstyan Levon , Konecny Tomas , Arakelyan Arsen , Binder Hans
Published: December 2023

In the proposed study three major issues have been addressed: Firstly, the diversity of grapevine accessions worldwide and particularly in Armenia, a small country located in the largely volcanic Armenian Highlands, is incredibly rich in cultivated and especially wild grapes; secondly, the information hidden in their (whole) genomes, e.g., about the domestication history of grapevine over the last 11,000 years and phenotypic traits such as cultivar utilization and a putative resistance against powdery mildew, and, thirdly machine learning methods to extract and to visualize this information in an easy to percept way. We shortly describe the Self Origanizing Maps (SOM) portrayal method called “SOMmelier” (as the vine-genome “waiter”) and illustrate its power by applying it to whole genome data of hundreds of grapevine accessions. We also give a short outlook on possible future directions of machine learning in grapevine transcriptomics and ampelogaphy.
Tomography-like for hyperspectral bi-directional grape tissue reconstruction based on machine learning: Implications for diagnosis composition and precision maturation monitoring
Authors: Tosin Renan , Martins Rui , Cunha Mario
Published: December 2023

This study used a tomography-like analysis to reconstruct the hyperspectral data from different tissues of the grapes: skin, pulp, and seeds. The dataset included 216 grapes of Loureiro (VIVC 25085) and 205 Vinhão (VIVC 13100) at various dates from the veraison until the harvest. A more comprehensive spectral data analysis identified how the internal tissues are related to the total grape spectra. Each tissue was reconstructed separately by decomposing the whole grapevine hyperspectral information. The results showed that the spectral reconstruction was more successful for Loureiro than Vinhão, with a mean absolute error of 6.08% and 33.32%, respectively. Partial least squares (PLS) regression models were developed for both cultivars using the reconstructed spectral data, enabling the modelling of ºBrix, puncture force (N), chlorophyll (a.u.), and anthocyanin content (a.u.). These models exhibited strong performance, with R2 > 0.8 and mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) below 37%. This study emphasises the critical role of considering the grape’s internal tissue in assessing its maturation process. The findings introduce an innovative methodology for efficiently evaluating grape maturation dynamics and inner tissue characteristics. By highlighting the importance of internal tissue analysis, this research paves the way for expedited and accurate monitoring of grape maturation, offering valuable insights into physiological-based viticultural practices and grape quality assessment.
Satellite and UAV-based anomaly detection in vineyards
Authors: Araújo João , Norberto Marcos , Pinheiro Pedro , Mano Carlos , Campos José , Pimenta Vasco , Porto João Vasconcelos , Manso José , Fontes Natacha , Silva Sara , Graça António
Published: December 2023

One of the most frequent, most expensive and potentially more impactful tasks in crop management is surveying and scouting the fields for problems in crop development. Any biotic / abiotic stress undetected becomes a bigger problem to solve later, with a potentially cascading effect on yield and/or quality and, subsequently, crop value. For annual crops (such as corn, soy, etc.) this can be solved in a cost-effective way with Sentinel data. For permanent crops planted in rows (such as vineyards), the interference from the inter-row makes it much more challenging. Under a contract for the European Space Agency (ESA), Spin.Works has been developing an early anomaly detection system based on fusion of Sentinel-2 and UAV imagery, targeting an update rate of 5 days. The early anomaly detection is applied to vineyards, particularly, for nutrient and water stresses. The early anomaly detection system is integrated into Spin.Works’ MAPP.it platform and its development is being carried out in close cooperation with the internal R&D group of Sogrape Vinhos, Portugal's largest winemaker and a long-standing MAPP.it user.
Integrative approach for sustainable viticulture in Portugalˈs Douro Valley: The NOVATERRA approach in mountain viticulture
Authors: Correia Sofia , Guerra Carla , Manso José , Fontes Natacha , Graça António
Published: December 2023

United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal number 12 pledges to ensure the sustainability of production and consumption of the food system. Towards more sustainable agriculture, a reduction of contentious pesticides, increasing spray application efficiency, and supporting strategies for integrated control is required. This can be obtained by developing innovative eco-friendly strategies that protect both the environment and human health. In this sense, SOGRAPE, a family-owned wine company, is a partner of project NOVATERRA (funded by EU’s Horizon 2020), aiming at improving the sustainability of viticulture by integrating new plant protection products (PPPs) of natural origin, biodiversity conservation, precision agriculture, robotics, and integrated soil and crop management strategies. NOVATERRA project trials have been made at SOGRAPE’s Quinta do Seixo, located in Cima Corgo, central sub-region of the Douro valley. This project is based in a practical and integrative approach, promoting multivariate case studies, in real scale trials executed by SOGRAPE to maximize adoption of successful solutions obtained from case studies. In this way, SOGRAPE engages in promoting the sustainability of the viticulture sector, working on several assignments of the project. The novel approaches assessed in NOVATERRA project work for the same goal of paving the way towards increasingly sustainable agriculture, combined into an integrated vine protection strategy.
Digitalization from vine to wine: Successes and remaining challenges - A review
Authors: Bastard Alexandre , Chaillet Audrey
Published: December 2023

This review examines the successes and remaining challenges of digitalization in the wine industry, from the vineyard to the winery. The article highlights several examples of successful digital applications in the industry, including precision viticulture, data-driven decision-making, and supply chain optimization. However, the review also discusses the challenges associated with implementing digital solutions in the industry, such as the need for interoperability between different systems, data privacy concerns, and the cost of investment. The authors argue that the successful implementation of digital solutions in the wine industry will require a collaborative effort between industry stakeholders and the development of common standards and protocols. The review also examines the potential of emerging digital technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain, to further enhance the efficiency and sustainability of the wine industry. However, the authors caution that the adoption of these technologies will depend on their ability to address specific industry challenges and provide real value to stakeholders. Overall, the review concludes that the digitalization of the wine industry offers significant opportunities for increased efficiency, sustainability, and profitability. However, the successful implementation of digital solutions will require a strategic and collaborative approach, as well as ongoing investment in technology and education.
Evaluation of a oxygenate based plant protection treatment in viticulture against fungal diseases
Authors: Wegmann-Herr Pascal , Scharfenberger-Schmeer  , Kortekamp Andreas , Stahl Lea , Rex Friederike
Published: December 2023

Over the last decades the use of pesticides in vine protection, e.g. copper is under severe discussion and is becoming a major concern in viticulture. Since the effectiveness of oxygenates against various microorganisms had been proven in the medical field a strategy for oxygenate-based plant protection was developed and evaluated over three vintages. The production of the oxygenate is following the Criegee-mechanism using O3 and unsaturated natural plant derived fatty acids forming so called ozonides. Therefore the effect of the treatment has been evaluated in a holistic approach, covering the efficiency against fungal diseases, protection of desired beneficial insects, the micro flora, various secondary metabolites of the grapevine and the resulting sensory profile of the wines. The biological effectiveness has been measured by using different in-vivo and in-vitro studies. The influence on desired berry compounds, e.g. anthocyanins, have been determined by classical GC-MS and HPLC methods. Positive effects against downy and powdery mildew could be demonstrated. No negative effects against insects, naturally occurring microorganisms, and desired berry compounds were observed. Even spontaneous fermentation was not inhibited. Quantitative descriptive sensory analysis as well as CATA/RATA showed no negative effect of the treatment.
Decision support systems and pest control – technological distraction or necessity?
Authors: Gabel Bruno
Published: December 2023

Grapevine protection against tortrix moths has been a success over the last 35 years, noted primarily by the protagonists of mating disruption as the pest management technique. Data analysis published by official authorities as well as findings directly in the field provide clear and understandable indications that the reliability of sex pheromones as a monitoring system is currently questionable. Therefore, the concerns of growers about the confidence of the mating disruption method should be considered. Timing of phytosanitary action against Tortrix is typically based on determination of Biofix I date, where male’s catches from pheromone traps are input data. Starting this date, the computing of the DD values takes place followed by the monitoring of the oviposition (searching for eggs). Based on that phytosanitary intervention is carried out when the embryonic stage - black head is present. With such concept of the decision process, it is necessary to take in consideration several sources of inaccuracies that significantly affect the timing: 1) reliability of the sex pheromone in relation to the local population, and consequently reliability of population dynamic data in real time; 2) ACV of males catches in relation to reproductive events in the vineyard; 3) error rate related with monitoring of eggs-laying compared to reality. VITIPORT digital platform not only simplifies decision of winegrower, but also allows him to save financial and human resources to be spent on monitoring. Our DSS is based on original algorithms, the accuracy of which has been verified over the last 5 years by professional authorities and winegrowers within the EU. Precise timing in eco/organic farming is crucial, as bio pesticides have a significantly shorter period of effectiveness. In addition to computing males and females eclosion, VITIPORT also indicate very precisely oviposition and larvae hatching. That makes possible to inform the grower a week in advance when insecticide treatment is needed - WITHOUT searching for eggs on the plants! Currently, the DSS also indicates the timing of new phytosanitary tool Pheromark, which acts as a host-marking pheromone with an oviposition deterrent effect. The advantage of VITIPORT is its universality, regardless of geographical location in both hemispheres, atypical weather patterns, correct prediction of population development even in years with spring frosts, as well as in zones with specific variety features that modify the development cycle of the pest, e.g. variety Uni blanc and Cognac region.
The biological balance and ecological infrastructure of the vineyard landscape
Authors: Freire Maria , Chegadinho Nuno
Published: December 2023

The vineyard landscapes that are known today, almost everywhere, result fundamentally from the technical requirements of consumption and markets, and therefore production factors. This condition, corresponding to the productive function of the landscape, must be reconciled with its other functions - conservation of resources and recreation. This article aims to reflect on the principles of design, planning and management associated with this productive system, considering strategies to increase the landscape’s biodiversity and ecological infrastructure, which contributes to greater environmental sustainability. It considers problems linked to climate change, and valuation of the landscape where the economic, social, ecological, and affective dimensions are integrated. The main features and concepts associated with sustainable wine production are integrated production or biologic production. The geomorphological, soil and microclimate features – expressed in the terroir - and the plant species most suitable for sustainable production and protection of these landscapes include systems, infrastructures, and patterns in each landscape. The reflection is supported by one case-study in the Alentejo region of Portugal – the Borba wine sub-region.
Grapevine Yield Big-data for Soil and Climate Zoning. A case study in Languedoc-Roussillon, France
Authors: Fernandez-Mena Hugo , Guilpart Nicolas , Lagacherie Philippe , Le Roux Renan , Graveline Nina , Touzard Jean-Marc , Hannin Hervé , Gary Christian
Published: December 2023

New winegrower and resource datasets appear to be a great opportunity to understand which are the environmental factors involved in grapevine yield spatially. Such analysis can help regional label managers and winegrowers for the conception of local adaptation strategies to climate change, reducing yield gaps. In the present study, we aggregated yield a big dataset obtained from Pays d’Oc winegrowers (n = 96677) between 2010 and 2018 at the municipality level (n = 606), located in the Languedoc-Roussillon region, in the South of France. We used a backward stepwise model selection process using linear mixed-effect models to discriminate and select significant indicators capable of estimating grapevine yield at the municipality level, these include: Soil Available Water Capacity (SAWC), soil pH, Huglin Index, the Climate Dryness Index, the number of Very Hot Days and Days of Frost. We then determined spatial zones by creating clusters of municipalities with similar soil and climate characteristics. The seven zones presented two marked yield levels. Yet, all zones had municipalities with both high yield and high yield gaps. On each zone, grapevine yield was found to be driven by a combination of climate and soil factors, rather than just by a single environmental factor. Environmental factors at this scale largely explained yield variability across the municipalities, but they were not performant in terms of annual yield prediction. Further research is required on the interactions between environmental factors, plant material and farming practices.
Impact of acidification at bottling by fumaric acid on red wine after 24 months
Authors: Payan Claire , Gancel Anne-Laure , Omiliadis Konstantinos , Christmann Monika , Teissedre Pierre-Louis
Published: December 2023

Global warming is directly linked to a lower concentration of organic acids in grape berries. Because of this lack of organic acids, wines tend to have higher pH levels and low titrable acidity. Many important factors are impacted, such as the chemical, microbiological and organoleptic equilibriums. It is common practice to acidify the wine in order to prevent these imbalances that can lead to wine defects and early spoilage. Tartaric acid (TA) is most commonly used by winemaker for wine acidification purposes. As a potential acidification candidate, fumaric acid (FA), authorized by the OIV in its member states for the inhibition of malolactic fermentation, could also be used since it has a better acidifying power than tartaric acid. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of the addition of FA at bottling in comparison to TA on white wine’s quality. For this purpose, a sulfite-free Cabernet Sauvignon red wine was divided into two batches, one of which was sulfited at 80 mg/L. The two batches, sulfite-free and sulfited, were then redivided into five batches, one of which without any addition, two of the batches in which TA was added at concentrations of 1.25 and 2.5 g/L respectively, and two batches in which FA was added at concentrations of 1, and 2 g/L, respectively. Classical oenological parameters (pH, titratable acidity), color parameters (color intensity, CIELAB), total phenolic compounds (IPT, Folin), as well as total tannins, total anthocyanins and their composition (HPLC analysis) were analyzed. Sensory analyses were also performed on the wines in order to assess the organoleptic impact of FA addition.
Alcoholes no vínicos para la mejora del desarrollo del velo de flor y de las características sensoriales de los vinos Finos de la D.O. Jerez-Xérèz-Sherry
Authors: Florido-Barba Antonio , Cordero-Bueso Gustavo , Cantoral Jesús Manuel
Published: December 2023

The wines produced in the Jerez-Xérès-Sherry Designation of Origin fall within the category of Fortified Wines, according to Regulation 1308/2013 of the European Parliament, which stipulates that they must be exclusively fortified with wine alcohol, with an acquired alcoholic strength between 95.0% and 96.0%. However, there are other alternative alcohols whose behavior is unknown but could be equally effective in the development of biological aging, with an impact on the final product quality and lower economic costs. This study examines the effect of using malt alcohols, grape pomace, agave, sugarcane, and cereal alcohols, as well as wine alcohols obtained through different distillation methods and at varying alcohol concentrations, for fortifying wines subjected to biological aging. The development of the "flor" yeast veil will be evaluated under each aging condition and isolated and characterized using molecular techniques. Additionally, the base wine fortified with the different alcohols will be monitored and analyzed both physicochemically and organoleptically.
Potential of the enological use of several Brazilian wood species on the phenolic composition and sensory quality of different wines
Authors: Jordão António M. , Correia Ana C. , Botelho Renato V. , Ortega-Heras Miriam , González-SanJosé Maria L.
Published: December 2023

The use of wood species from Brazilian forests has not been the subject of studies on oenology. Thus, the main goal of this study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the impact of several different Brazilian wood species (Jequitibá, Jaqueira, Ipê, Amburana, and Grápia) on global phenolic parameters, chromatic characteristics, and sensory profile of one red and white wines during a short wood contact time. In addition, toasted European oak wood (Q. petraea) was also used. Regarding the specific impact of the use of the different wood species studied, red wines stored in contact during 15 and 30 storage days with Amburana, Grápia, and Ipê wood cubes showed the highest total phenolic content, while for white wines, the highest total phenolic values were detected for the wines stored in contact with Jequitibá, Jaquera, and Amburana wood cubes after 15 storage days. Regarding the sensorial quality, after 30 storage days, red wines stored in contact with Amburana and Jaquera woods obtained the highest global appreciation scores. For white wines, the highest global appreciation scores were obtained for the wines stored in contact with Ipê and Amburana wood cubes for 15 days.
Use of red grape juice (concentrated and treated by UHPH) as a base to produce isotonic drinks
Authors: Gonzalez Carmen , Bendaali Yasmina , Vaquero Cristian , Escott Carlos , del Fresno Juan Manuel , Loira Iris , Bañuelos Maria Antonia , Palomero Felipe , López Carmen , Lepe José Antonio Suárez , Morata Antonio
Published: December 2023

The physical-chemical composition, sensory characteristics, and nutritional value of the grape juice can provide sports drink (isotonic beverage) with antioxidant compounds that complement the beneficial effect of these drinks to the rehydration and replacement of minerals and carbohydrates, during physical activity. Grape juice contains mainly water, sugars, organic acids, and phenolic compounds. By diluting the sugar content of the must to 40-50 g/L, it will allow us to obtain a drink with beneficial properties for health, avoiding the addition of sweeteners. Phenolic compounds play an important role in the prevention of various diseases through their biological activities related to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-aging, antimicrobial and cardioprotective properties. Several studies have shown that grape juice allows to improve the performance of the activity, protect against oxidative damage, and reduce inflammation during, sports activities. The polyphenolic substances present in grape musts provide sensory characteristics of interest, mainly color and aroma, important indicators for consumers when choosing this type of beverage. The anthocyanin content of musts from red varieties, gives the drink a more natural and attractive character for the consumer without the use of synthetic dyes. It is important to recognize the demand of consumers for new innovative, and healthy products, so we focus on the development of a natural, functional drink using red grape musts as a base (concentrated or treated with UHPH) as a source of polyphenols and sugars, showing interesting organoleptic properties without chemical additives, and that allows to replenish electrolytes and energy.
Use of Hanseniaspora spp. in sequential fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae to improve the aromatic complexity of Albillo Mayor white wines
Authors: del Fresno Juan Manuel , Carrau Francisco , Escott Carlos , Vaquero Cristian , González Carmen , Morata Antonio
Published: December 2023

Hanseniaspora spp apiculate yeasts can be found on ripe grape skins and during the first six days of the alcoholic fermentation. Generally, these yeasts have poor characteristics for its industrial application in winery as they are related with low fermentative power, low resistance to SO2 and even high volatile acidity production. However, some species have a better fermentative capacity and are producers of certain floral and fruity volatiles. This is the case of the two strains used in this study. Hanseniaspora vineae (HV) has a fermentative power around 8-10% v/v, low volatile acidity production and produces high levels of 2-phenylethyl acetate. Similarly, Hanseniaspora opuntiae (HO) also produces a low volatile acidity providing sweet and floral aromas, but has a fermentative power around 6% v/v, which means that it must be used in sequential fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC). In addition, several studies indicate that both species can increase the mouthfeel and wine body. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of HV and HO in sequential fermentation with SC to improve the sensory profile of high quality white wines from the neutral grape variety Albillo Mayor. Fermentations were performed in triplicate in 150 L stainless steel barrels with grapes from the 2021 vintage. Pure SC fermentations were used as controls. After the fermentation, the polysaccharide content and the colour was measured, and an intensive study of the aromatic profile was done.
Correct determination of alcoholic strength in alcoholic products
Authors: Kolesnov Alexander , Charapitsa Siarhei , Sytova Svetlana , Kavalenka Anton , Sabalenka Lidziya , Zayats Mikhail , Leschev Sergey
Published: December 2023

The paper describes a method, which combines sample density measurement data and gas chromatographic data to determine the quantitative content of volatile compounds, including ethyl alcohol, in sample. This approach can improve the accuracy of alcohol content measurements. The proposed method takes into account the presence in sample of congeners, such as methanol, fusel oils, esters and etc. The experimental study of 8 brandy samples was carried out. All samples were distillated and measured by GC-FID. The volatile compounds identified in the analyzed distillates were acetaldehyde, isobutanal, ethyl acetate, methanol, butan-2-ol, propan-1-ol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, isoamyl acetate, butan-1-ol, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, ethyl caproate, ethyl lactate, hexanol, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, ethyl caprylate, furfural, ethyl caprate, ethyl laurate and 2-phenylethanol. The quantitative determination of congeners was carried out using ethanol as a reference substance. The sum of volume content of detected congeners in studied distillates ranged from 0.28 to 0.46%. The absolute difference between results for determination of alcoholic strength using only water-ethanol tables (traditional method) and combination of data from water-ethanol tables and gas chromatography data (proposed method) ranged from 0.22 to 0.40%.
Managing extraction of colour, phenolics and aromas in Pinot noir wine production: Alternative use of grape marc
Authors: Piquot Adrien , Wimalasiri Pradeep M. , Tian Bin
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the alternative way of making Pinot noir wine using grape marc. Results showed significantly higher alcohol content, total phenolics and tannins in Pinot noir wines made using grape marc powder. Total anthocyanins showed significant lower level in Pinot noir wines made using grape marc powder due to the limitation of available anthocyanins in grape marc, but SO2 resistant pigments showed significant higher level. This result indicates the importance of ratio between tannins and anthocyanins on the formation of SO2 resistant pigments in red wine. Significantly higher level of caftaric acid observed in Pinot noir wines made using grape marc powder suggested less oxidation in the resultant wines, which is likely attributed to higher content of tannins. Most of aroma compounds showed significant differences between treatments, with Pinot noir wines made using grape marc powder showing significantly lower concentration of aroma compounds associated with vegetative/green, woody, and spicy, but higher concentration of those associated with fruity. This study investigated the alternative way of using grape marc in Pinot noir winemaking, which may provide a useful tool for winemaker to manage the extraction of colour, tannins, and aromas from grape skins into wine. This could be also an alternative way of utilisation of grape marc as winery waste, especially those sourced from premium quality grapes.
Digitalisation pour la compétitivité et la souveraineté dans l’industrie du vin
Authors: Naigeon Nicolas , Auguste Pierre
Published: December 2023

Le secteur vitivinicole est coné à de nombreux défis qui ont un impact sur la compétitivité et la souveraineté, des obligations réglementaires à la demande des consommateurs. Cet article met en lumière les opportunités de la numérisation dans la résolution de ces problèmes. Nous mettons en avant la contribution des technologies numériques dans la conformité réglementaire, leur capacité à renforcer la transparence et à faciliter la traçabilité. Nous étudions également l'impact de la numérisation sur la demande des consommateurs et la manière dont elle peut améliorer l'accès aux marchés internationaux. Enfin, nous examinons comment la numérisation peut promouvoir la durabilité et la responsabilité sociale, et comment elle peut répondre aux défis et aux risques potentiels. Nous verrons enfin en conclusion que la numérisation peut être un outil puissant pour la compétitivité et la souveraineté, mais qu'elle doit être mise en œuvre au regard de ses risques inhérents.
Valorización de lías de vino como ingredientes antihipertensivos
Authors: Bravo Francisca Isabel , López-Fernández-Sobrino Raú , Begoña Muguerza
Published: December 2023

Algunos coproductos vitivinícolas se han utilizado para obtener extractos enriquecidos en (poli)fenoles con efectos antihipertensivos. Sin embargo, aún se desconoce si las lías de vino (LV) contienen compuestos antihipertensivos. Este estudio se centró en estudiar si las LV podría ser fuente de estos compuestos. Se evaluó la actividad antihipertensiva de cinco LV (fracción líquida, 5 mL/kg) en ratas hipertensas (SHR). Una de las LV mostró un fuerte efecto antihipertensivo, que se asoció con su alto contenido en flavanoles y antocianinas. La reducción del estrés oxidativo y mejora del estado redox y disfunción endotelial fueron algunos mecanismos involucrados en su bioactividad. Además, las LV se sometieron a extracción asistida por enzimas (Flavourzyme®), lo cual solubilizó compuestos fenólicos (57.20%) inicialmente no solubles. Ácido gálico, catequina y malvidina-3-glucósido fueron los principales (poli)fenoles de este hidrolizado. Además, el hidrolizado mostró una mayor actividad inhibitoria de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina, antioxidante y antihipertensiva que las LV. Los péptidos FKTTDQQTRTTVA, NPKLVTIV, TVTNPARIA, LDSPSEGRAPG y LDSPSEGRAPGAD, identificados en el hidrolizado, exhibieron actividad antihipertensiva en SHR (10 mg/kg). LV son una buena fuente de compuestos antihipertensivos con potencial para usarse como nutracéuticos o ingredientes funcionales. Esto permitiría la valorización de las mismas y contribuiría a la economía circular de la industria vitivinícola.
Monitoring and evaluation of groundwater quality and its mapping using GIS over Belagavi city, Karnataka, India
Authors: Varadarajan N. , Bangi Shashank , Hanji Sanket , Shirol Vishwanath , Patil Babaji , Naganur Pradnya
Published: December 2023

Groundwater is a critical resource in the region for household, agricultural, and industrial reasons. However, the increasing population and rapid urbanization have led to potential pollution of groundwater sources. The objectives of the study are to ascertain the current groundwater quality, identify potential pollution sources, and develop a comprehensive GIS-based mapping system for effective management and decision-making. Water samples from several locations throughout the city were collected and examined for major physicochemical characteristics and pollutants. GIS was utilized to integrate and visualize the collected data, allowing for spatial analysis and mapping of groundwater quality. The mapping system will provide useful understandings into the distribution of water quality parameters, pollution hotspots, and potential risks to groundwater resources. The findings of this study will help to understand the state of groundwater quality in Belagavi. and provide a valuable tool for policymakers, urban planners, and water resource managers to implement targeted interventions for groundwater protection and sustainable management. Additionally, the GIS-based mapping system can be used as a framework for ongoing monitoring and evaluation, enabling timely detection of changes in groundwater quality and facilitating informed decision-making processes.
A multi-objective network design for recycling healthcare waste from large-scale immunization
Authors: Trivedi Vibha , Gharib Moaz
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a Goal programming-based optimization model for managing the recycling operations of healthcare waste generated from large-scale vaccination drives. The model proposes an efficient system by integrating the decisions of locating recycling units and the routing of generated waste to them, considering the risks to the environment and the associated population. The objectives include the minimization of setup and transportation costs, risks to the population, and the number of installed units. A set of randomly selected test instances is used to test the effectiveness of the model. The results reveal that a compromised solution offers cost advantages and population risk mitigation. The approach effectively supports the strategic choices in recycling healthcare waste generated from immunization.
Modelling the Critical Success Factors of Net-zero Energy Buildings in India
Authors: Trivedi Ashish , Trivedi Vibha , Chaurasia Sushil
Published: December 2023

Amidst the widespread consciousness and several awareness programs to combat the adverse impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the climate, Net-zero energy buildings (NZEB) have emerged as one of the potential solutions. Various factors, including the need for heavy initial capital investment, weather conditions, government regulations, policies, training and development, technology, and so forth, were figured out by carrying out a literature review and interviewing the area experts. Further, investigating the inter-contextual relationships helps to have key success factors of NZEBs in India that are multidimensional in nature. To achieve this goal, the Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) approach was employed to compute the mutual influence of the ten key success factors in the Indian context. The results report that favorable weather conditions, government policies, and regulations are the most crucial factors for the NZEB sectoral development in Indian contexts.
Limitations of linear GHG Protocol carbon reporting in achieving circular progress
Authors: Wynne Astrid , Kenny Rich
Published: December 2023

Net Zero plans are coming with increasing urgency from governments and the corporate sector around the world. Circular Economy is recognized as an essential pathway towards Net Zero in the reduction of supply chain emissions and governments around the world are introducing legislation and policy to support it. However, the globally recognized carbon reporting standard from the GHG Protocol make no distinction between the traditional take-make-waste supply chains and circular economy alternatives. As a result, there is a potential disincentive for companies operating in the circular economy space or incorporating circular economy into their procurement practices. Given the pressing need to both decarbonize the global economy and reduce waste streams, it is imperative that society addresses this issue with an intellectually robust standardized approach to circular economy carbon and environmental reporting.
Experimental Findings and Analysis of a Split Unit Evaporative Cooler for Efficient and Eco-Friendly Cooling Applications
Authors: Junaidi Abdul Raheem , Syed Amer , Mohammed Fhaizaan Fazil , Mohammed Rayyan Ahmed
Published: December 2023

As the global energy demand surges, there is a pressing need to develop energy conservation methods to ensure future comfort requirements are met sustainably. Traditional air conditioners, employing vapor compression refrigeration systems, consume substantial power (around 1.5KW) and entail high costs. Alternatively, evaporative coolers offer a cost-effective and lower-power option for comfort maintenance. However, their drawback lies in the excessive humidity in the cooled air, leading to discomfort for individuals. To address this issue, our article focuses on designing and manufacturing a split cooling unit that efficiently cools the air without increasing its humidity. By recirculating the air through the split unit, we aim to maintain optimal room conditions for comfort. This becomes increasingly vital as inefficient building designs in India contribute to 20-25% of electricity wastage in government buildings, resulting in significant annual energy-related financial losses. Conventional heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems further exacerbate the problem, consuming about 50% of building energy, mostly sourced from fossil fuels, rendering them environmentally unfriendly and unsustainable. Our split cooling unit seeks to provide an eco-friendly and sustainable solution to tackle this energy challenge.
Study on Mixer Grinder’s User Behaviour – A Survey-based Analysis
Authors: Kumar Ravi L. , Ramnath B. Vijaya , S Dhananchezhian , A B Viknesshwar
Published: December 2023

This work presents the results of a study conducted on the user behaviour of a kitchen appliance (mixer grinder) covering a limited customer base, especially in South India. The user behaviour was evaluated using various parameters. In addition, a hard copy of the questionnaires was prepared, distributed, and collected by co-workers in person. This helped us to reach a wide range of customers. The collected hardcopy data were digitalized using Google docs and was analyzed and plotted using MS Excel., The brand performance was compared. Also, information about the likings, preferences, recommendations, satisfaction of the customers are all analyzed with the help of attainment graphs. The results and information we derived from the present study are explained in detail in this paper.
Economize air conditioning system by pre-cooling fresh intake air
Authors: Ahmed Arshad , B Hariharan , G J Prithiverajan , Silaipillayarputhur Karthik
Published: December 2023

As the demand for electricity continues to increase, a significant amount of fossil fuels are being burned to meet our needs. One of the major contributors to high electricity consumption, accounting for almost 20% of total generated electricity, is the air conditioning system and cooling systems. Given its significant impact on the environment, it is essential to improve its efficiency and to reduce its energy consumption. The project is focused on enhancing the efficiency of air conditioning system while minimising its energy consumption. An air conditioning system typically utilizes recirculated air along with some amount of fresh air. While humans require a certain quantity of fresh air for proper functioning, the required amount varies based on the air conditioned space. In India, as the ambient conditions are usually warmer, mixing of outdoor air with recirculated air leads to additional cooling and higher energy consumption. To reduce excessive energy consumption, it will be beneficial to reduce the ambient air temperature prior to mixing process. Precooling intake air using a plate heat exchanger is considered in this project work. The overall reduction in energy consumption by pre-cooling fresh air is 13%.
Reforming Electricity Access and End-Use Efficiency Policies in India – A Social Welfare Perspective
Authors: Aditya Thangjam , Jaipuria Sanjita , Dadabada Pradeep Kumar , Raj Varun D.
Published: December 2023

Social welfare has been believed to be a trickle-down effect of power sector reform policies, and there have been extensive debates on whether the trickle-down happens in reality. Such perceived benefits are arguably not fully realised in an emerging economy like India, where distribution utilities are at the crossroads of financial instability and social obligations related to ensuring universal access and energy efficiency. Hence, this paper delves into existing empirical literature to identify analytical evidence that links electricity access, end-use efficiency, household welfare, the economics of supply, the environment, and regional endowment. Further, policy documents were examined to map the evolution of such interventions and their intended welfare outcomes. Since the existing studies lack a joint evaluation of the social impacts of access and efficiency interventions, we argue for analysing the nexus of electricity access, energy efficiency, and welfare and thereby bridging these disparate streams of literature. Even though there has been a deluge of electricity access and end-use efficiency policies implemented in India with the expectation of delivering societal welfare, there is a dearth of retrospective research examining analytical evidence on the realisation of such an expectation. This study contributes to the limited literature available on empirically established welfare outcomes of access and efficiency reforms in the Indian power sector and attempts to highlight the need for research on analysing the interdependencies between welfare outcomes of these reforms.