bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a Salmonella abortus equi phage 4FS1 and its depolymerase
Authors: Zhao Jianchao , Wang Jiayu , Zhang Can , Xu Shouzhen , Ren Huiying , Zou Ling , Ma Jing , Liu Wenhua
Published: November 2024

The significant economic losses caused by S. abortus equi in donkey husbandry have increased interest in exploring the potential of phages and their enzymes as control strategies. In this study, a S. abortus equi phage, designated 4FS1, was isolated from sewage at a donkey farm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed a typical icosahedral head and a long, non-contractile tail. It exhibited a short latent period of 20 min and a burst size of 160 plaque-forming units (PFU) per cell. It demonstrated a broad host range, infecting 36 out of 60 salmonella strains, with an optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01 for S. abortus equi S1. The phage titer remained stable at 109 PFU/mL between 37°C and 50°C and exceeded 108 PFU/mL at pH from 5.0 to 10.0. After 1 h of UV exposure, the titer remained at 107 PFU/mL and showed no significant variation across NaCl concentrations from 2.5 to 15%. The genome of phage 4FS1 consists of a 42,485 bp linear double-stranded DNA molecule with a G + C content of 49.07%. Of the 56 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), 32 were functional annotated, with no virulence or drug resistance genes identified. ORF36 was predicted to encode a depolymerase responsible for endorhamnosidase activity. Recombinant expression of the Dpo36 protein in prokaryotes significantly reduced biofilm formation and removal. Combined with healthy donkey serum, Dpo36 inhibited bacterial growth in vitro and enhanced the survival rates of mice infected with S. abortus equi. These findings highlight the promising potential of phages and their depolymerases as novel therapeutic agents against S. abortus equi.
Immunotherapy for Cancer in Kidney Transplant Patients: A Difficult Balance Between Risks and Benefits
Authors: Bolufer Mónica , Soler Jordi , Molina María , Taco Omar , Vila Anna , Macía Manuel
Published: November 2024

Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant patients. Unfortunately, the use of new anti-cancer therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) in this population has been associated with rejection rates up to 40%, in retrospective studies. The main challenge is to maintain the patient in a delicate immunologic balance in which, while antitumor therapy defeats cancer the graft is safely protected from rejection. Recent clinical trials with ICPI have included kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and the results advocate for a paradigm shift in the management of basal immunosuppression. This suggests that downward adjustments should be avoided or, even better, that this adjustment should be “dynamic.” This review summarizes the latest scientific evidence available in renal transplantation under ICPI treatment: case series, prospective studies, histopathologic diagnosis, immunosuppression regimens and new biomarkers. This article will provide the latest information in on this specific field, allowing nephrologists to gain valuable knowledge and to be aware of new approaches to immunosuppression management in oncological kidney transplant patients.
A Dilemma-Based Learning-to-Rank Approach for Generative Design in Urban Architectural Regeneration
Authors: Kavouras Ioannis , Rallis Ioannis , Zouli Dimitra , Sardis Emmanuel , Protopapadakis Eftychios , Doulamis Anastasios , Doulamis Nikolaos
Published: November 2024

Continuous urbanization and climate change degrade urban living conditions. Nature-based solutions in architectural and urban design offer promising remedies but are often hindered by time, cost, and early design phase challenges. To address this, we present a Generative Design System framework utilizing AI-generated images and learning-to-rank algorithms. This system generates numerous image solutions to inspire architects and urban planners, significantly accelerating early design stages. To manage the overwhelming volume of images, we introduce a dilemma-based learning approach that employs learning-to-rank and smart bubble sorting algorithms to prioritize images based on user preference. A case study demonstrates the framework’s potential, providing valuable insights into its application, benefits, and limitations in urban design.
Comparison of Prediction Models for Sonic Boom Ground Signatures Under Realistic Flight Conditions
Authors: Jäschke Jacob , Graziani Samuele , Petrosino Francesco , Glorioso Antimo , Gollnick Volker
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a comparative analysis of simplified and high-fidelity sonic boom prediction methods to assess their applicability in the conceptual design of supersonic aircraft. The high-fidelity approach combines Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for near-field shock analysis with ray-tracing and the Augmented Burgers Equation for far-field propagation through a non-uniform atmosphere, whereas the simplified Carlson method uses analytical approximations for rapid predictions. The comparison across selected climb, cruise, and descent conditions for a supersonic reference aircraft shows that the Carlson method captures general trends in sonic boom behavior, such as changes in peak overpressure and signal duration with varying Mach number and altitude. However, significant deviations are noted under realistic atmospheric conditions, highlighting limitations in the simplified model’s accuracy. Common psycho-acoustic metrics were evaluated to assess the potential annoyance on the ground. The results demonstrate that while the simplified method is effective for early-stage design assessments, the high-fidelity model is essential for precise sonic boom characterization under realistic conditions, particularly for regulatory and community impact evaluations.
Integrating Thermo-Ombroclimatic Indicators into Sustainable Olive Management: A Pathway for Innovation and Education
Authors: Piñar-Fuentes José Carlos , Peña-Martínez Juan , Cano-Ortiz Ana
Published: November 2024

The study explores the integration of thermo and ombroclimatic bioindicators into sustainable agricultural practices, focusing on olive production in the Mediterranean. Given the increasing challenges posed by climate change, the study highlights the critical role of bioindicators in optimizing crop resilience and yield. Using data from the CHELSA model and long-term olive production records, the research identifies the impact of key climatic factors, such as temperature and precipitation, on olive yield variability. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that geographical location, precipitation, and thermal extremes significantly influence productivity. Furthermore, a multiple linear regression model confirmed the ombroclimatic index (Io) as a strong predictor of yield, emphasizing the necessity of balanced climatic conditions. The findings advocate for the integration of bioclimatic principles into agricultural training programs, promoting a holistic approach to crop management. Ultimately, the study underscores the need for informed decision-making and adaptive practices to ensure sustainable agricultural production under varying climatic conditions. This research provides a framework for future studies aiming to enhance crop resilience and address climate challenges, suggesting a pathway towards an innovative, sustainable agricultural model.
Enhancing Agricultural Biogas Desulfurization: Improving Cost-Efficiency and Robustness Through Micro-Aeration with Psychrophilic Anaerobic Liquid/Solid Media
Authors: Rajagopal Rajinikanth , Goyette Bernard
Published: November 2024

This study endeavors to develop an economical and user-friendly biological sulfide oxidation system and explore its mechanism for generating biological elemental sulfur under micro-aerobic conditions using psychrophilic anaerobically digested media (liquid/solid inoculums obtained from agricultural livestock wastes) for sulfide-free biogas production. With an initial hydrogen sulfide concentration of 5000 ppm, a biogas flow rate ranging from 0.9 to 1.8 L/h-Linoculum-mix, and an air injection rate of 0.6–1% (oxygen concentration in biogas), a remarkable biodesulfurization efficiency of 99–100% was attained using solid inoculum as the biodesulfurization medium. This efficiency was achieved without compromising the methane quality in the treated biogas. Compared to liquid inoculum, solid inoculum requires less than half the volume and no mixing equipment, such as bubble column reactors. The biodesulfurization reactor requires only 1 m3, which is approximately 1.5% of the volume of a wet anaerobic digester and 3% of a dry anaerobic digester, while processing cow manure (Total Solids: 20%) at 1.03 m3 of manure per day. Moreover, it can be operated at (19–20 °C), leading to substantial reductions in cost and footprint.
Floral Composition and Productivity of Leys and Permanent Grasslands in Baltic Livestock Farms
Authors: Živatkauskienė Vilma , Petrauskas Giedrius , Kemešytė Vilma , Statkevičiūtė Gražina , Stukonis Vaclovas , Norkevičienė Eglė
Published: November 2024

Agricultural reforms, land consolidation, and the abandonment of livestock farming effects grassland ecosystems worldwide. Utilising data from four medium-sized livestock farms across different regions in Lithuania, we assess floristic composition, productivity, and grass quality in both permanent grasslands and leys. Our findings reveal significant differences in flora diversity, with 120 species identified in permanent grasslands compared to only 20 in leys. Additionally, dry matter yield was notably higher in leys (13.97 t ha−1) than in permanent grasslands (5.66 t ha−1), underscoring the productivity potential of leys. The crude protein levels remained stable across both types, but leys demonstrated significantly lower neutral detergent fibre content, indicating better forage quality. However, the high biodiversity of permanent grasslands supports ecosystem services.
The Impact of Rural Tourism on Rural Culture Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Yanjun , Chen Yanjun , Zhang Wang , Chao I-Chen , Li Hang
Published: November 2024

The development of rural tourism plays an important role in promoting rural culture. By integrating 3833 household questionnaires from the 2020 China Rural Revitalization Survey (CRRS) database with remote sensing data, we constructed an evaluation system to measure the level of rural culture. Then, we analyzed the impacts of rural tourism on rural culture from macro and micro perspectives. Our research results show the following: (1) Villages with developed rural tourism show a 85.9% increase in rural culture compared to those without tourism; (2) mechanism tests show that rural tourism promotes the rural culture by improving households’ risk-sharing behavior, human resources, and self-identification, leading to increases of 3.4%, 55% and 10.9%, respectively; (3) with micro-level (fieldwork survey) and macro-level analysis (remote sensing), we analyzed the various impacts of rural tourism on rural culture under different income levels, demographic structures, geographical locations and topographical conditions. The results show that at the micro level, the promotion effect of rural tourism on rural culture increases by 2.214% and 1.679% with the increase in per capita income and the proportion of women, respectively. For geographical location, macro-level data suggest that rural tourism in the east of China increases the rural culture by 3.416%. Moreover, in plain areas, both micro- and macro-level analysis indicated that rural tourism promotes rural culture by 2.323% and 4.607%, respectively. This is the first time rural culture has been evaluated on a large scale with two cross-validated approaches.
The Effects of Tillage Systems and Cover Crops on Soil Quality and Soybean Yield
Authors: Hunag Qiliang , Gong Yingting , Li Peiran , Dewi Ratih Kemala , Komatsuzaki Masakazu
Published: November 2024

Implementing management practices that minimize environmental impact while maintaining high crop yields is essential to achieve sustainable agricultural production. This study conducted a field trial within a soybean system to evaluate the responses of crop yield, residue decomposition, soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, and soil total nitrogen (STN) stock to varying tillage [moldboard tillage (MP) vs. no-tillage (NT)] and cover crop [hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth, HV) vs. rye (Secale cereal, RY)] management practices. The results showed no significant difference in soybean economic yield between MP and NT. However, NT demonstrated a higher SOC stock (0–30 cm), exceeding MP by 4.0% in 2020 and 8.2% in 2021. STN stock (0–30 cm) under NT also surpassed that of MP by 3.3% in 2020 and 3.6% in 2021. No significant differences were observed in soybean yield, SOC stock, and STN stock between HV and RY. Compared to NT, MP accelerated the decomposition of cover crop residues. Moreover, the decomposition of RY was more difficult than that of HV. These findings suggest that NT enhances soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration without compromising yield, positioning it as a sustainable practice for soybean systems, particularly when integrated with RY cover crops.
Silicon in the Production, Nutrient Mineralization and Persistence of Cover Crop Residues
Authors: Fernandes Fabiana Aparecida , Cardoso Bruna Miguel , Arf Orivaldo , Buzetti Salatier
Published: November 2024

In tropical regions, maintaining crop residues in the soil is challenging. Silicon (Si) may increase the persistence of these residues in the soil, as it is a precursor to lignin, providing a gradual release of nutrients for subsequent crops. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different doses of calcium silicate (Ca2SiO4) (0, 1, 2, and 3 Mg ha⁻1) and limestone (0, 1, 2, and 3 Mg ha⁻1) on the lignin content, residue decomposition, and nutrient release of four cover crops—Pennisetum glaucum, Urochloa ruziziensis, Crotalaria spectabilis, and Cajanus cajan—at various decomposition stages following cover crop management (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days). The experiment was conducted in the field at the experimental area of the Faculty of Engineering at Ilha Solteira-UNESP, located in the municipality of Selvíria, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, on Ferralsol. The decomposition rate of the residues was assessed using the decomposition bag method, which was installed after cover crop management. The concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), Si, lignin, and cellulose were determined. Silicate application did not affect the accumulation of nutrients by cover crops and their release into the soil. There was no relationship between the remaining Si in the dry matter of plants and more persistent residues. The most persistent plants had higher final dry matter lignin content. Using pearl millet and pigeon peas resulted in more persistent residues in the soil.
Effect of Digitaria eriantha Endophytic Bacteria on Maize Growth in a Hydroponic System
Authors: Mendonça Johny J. , Alves Michelle J. G. , Vitalino Gisely M. , Barreto Maria C. S. , Carvalho Eric X. , Oliveira José P. , Silva Maria L. R. B. , Fracetto Felipe J. C. , Fracetto Giselle G. M. , Lira Junior Mario A
Published: November 2024

Brazil is one of the largest grain producers worldwide, with yields heavily dependent on ecologically and financially expensive inputs. One possible approach to reduce these inputs is inoculation with plant-growth-promoting bacteria, whose large-scale use depends on a continual search for new genotypes for inoculant production. Several bacteria with potential for this have been isolated from plants that are more adapted to stressful environments. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the potential of pangolão grass (Digitaria eriantha cv. Suvernola) endophytic bacteria both in vitro and on maize growth. To this end, endophytic bacteria were isolated from pangolão grass of a tropical semiarid climate and a random subset of 80 strains was evaluated for biological nitrogen fixation, HCN, IAA and siderophore production and calcium phosphate solubilization, and later for maize growth promotion. All strains were positive for at least one of these in vitro growth promotion mechanisms and some strains increased maize plant height and root length, including some with better results than plants receiving commercial inoculants, confirming the potential of endophytic bacteria from stress-adapted plants. In vitro results had poor correlation with plant growth promotion, which indicates that the common practice of using these laboratory techniques as a pre-selection tool before a subset of strains is evaluated for plant growth promotion might result in the rejection of potentially interesting strains.
An Efficient Computer Vision-Based Dual-Face Target Precision Variable Spraying Robotic System for Foliar Fertilisers
Authors: Zhu Chengtian , Hao Shuaihua , Liu Cailing , Wang Yuewei , Jia Xuan , Xu Jitong , Guo Songbao , Huo Juxin , Wang Weiming
Published: November 2024

The application of foliar fertiliser can rapidly replenish the essential nutrients required by crops. In order to enhance the precision of foliar fertiliser spraying, fertiliser utilisation, and leaf absorption efficiency, this study proposes the implementation of an efficient foliar fertiliser dual-face target precision variable spraying robot system based on computer vision. In this study, we propose the SN-YOLOX Nano-ECA as a real-time classification model for potted plants. The model has parameters and FLOPs of only 0.48 M and 0.16 G, respectively. Following deployment, the classification precision and recall reached 97.86% and 98.52%, respectively, with an FPS of 37.6. A dual-face target precision variable spraying method of foliar fertiliser based on the determination of leaf area and plant height information of potted plants was proposed. A robot platform for the application of foliar fertilisers was developed, and a positioning and navigation system based on the RSSI principle was constructed. The results of the foliar fertiliser spraying experiments demonstrate that the precision of the extracted leaf area and height information is above 97% and 96%, respectively. The navigation system demonstrated distance and angle errors of only 5.598 cm and 0.2245°. The mean discrepancy between the actual and set spraying volumes was 0.46 mL. This robotic system is capable of precise spraying of foliar fertiliser, which provides a new idea and reference for the development of efficient and precise variable spraying technology for foliar fertiliser.
Cladophialophora guangxiense sp. nov., a New Species of Dark Septate Endophyte, Mitigates Tomato Bacterial Wilt and Growth Promotion Activities
Authors: Wei Xihong , Long Yanyan , Chen Yanlu , Mataka Stanley Nyenje , Jiang Xue , Zhou Yi , Sun Zhengxiang , Xie Ling
Published: November 2024

Bacterial wilt of tomatoes, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a significant soilborne disease that often causes significant reductions in the yield of tomatoes. Dark septate endophytic fungi (DSE) represent potential biocontrol agents against plant pathogens that can also enhance plant growth. To collect DSE fungi with potential for biocontrol, the fungus Cladophialophora guangxiense HX2 was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of sugarcane in Hengzhou Guangxi Province, China, and a novel species of Cladophialophora was identified based on morphological properties and DNA sequence analysis. C. guangxiense HX2 demonstrated a controlling effect of 76.7% on tomato bacterial wilt and promoted a 0.5-fold increase in tomato seedling height. It colonized tomato seedling roots, enhancing the activity of antioxidant and defensive enzyme systems. Transcriptomic and qPCR approaches were used to study the induction response of the strain HX2 infection by comparing the gene expression profiles. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment revealed that tomatoes can produce salicylic acid metabolism, ethylene-activated signaling, photosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis to the strain HX2 infection. The expression of IAA4 (3.5-fold change), ERF1 (3.5-fold change), and Hqt (1.5-fold change) was substantially enhanced and Hsc 70 (0.5-fold change) was significantly reduced in the treatment group. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further investigation into the potential of C. guangxiense HX2 as a biological agent for the prevention and control of tomato bacterial wilt.
Development and Trait-Based Molecular Characterization of Thermosensitive Genic Male-Sterile Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Lines at Texas A&M AgriLife Research
Authors: Sanchez Darlene L. , Samonte Stanley Omar P. B. , Ponce Kimberly S. , Yan Zongbu , Wilson Lloyd T.
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to develop and genetically characterize thermosensitive genic male-sterility (TGMS) lines for use in hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding. Male-sterile F2 to F4 generation lines were screened during the high-temperature summer season, and ratoon crops of selected male-sterile rows were harvested for pure seed. Sixty-six F5 TGMS lines were genotyped using DNA markers controlling 16 traits from the LSU80 QA/QC Rice PlexSeq SNP Panel. Ten TGMS lines with desirable traits that included semidwarf, glabrous, non-aromatic, long-grain, narrow brown leaf spot resistance, and blast resistance genes were selected for further genotypic characterization using markers for low chalkiness (chalk5), wide compatibility (S5-n), cold tolerance (qSCT-11 and qCST-12), and anaerobic germination (AG1 and AG2). TGMS lines TIL21051S and TIL21052S possess favorable alleles for each of the genes evaluated in this study and are desirable parents for two-line hybrid breeding in the southeast United States. TIL21044S, TIL21095S, TIL21060S, and TIL21066S each contain three blast resistance genes and have potential as parental lines. TIL21014S-2, TIL21015S, and TIL21016S-1 include the fgr allele for aroma and can also be used as parental lines for aromatic two-line hybrids.
The Path Towards Novel Varieties: Investigating Phenotypic-Genetic Diversity in New Promising Egyptian Rice Lines
Authors: Almasoud Waleed A. , Abdel-Sattar Mahmoud , Sedeek Saber , Elgammaal Amgad A. , El-Refaee Nouran , Ramadan Ibrahem A. , Abdulmajid Dina , Rihan Hail Z.
Published: November 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has an impressive range of phenotypic and genetic diversity, making it an important crop for global food security. Since rice phenotypic and genetic diversity are essential for enhancing the sustainability of rice production, an understanding of these variations is crucial for breeding efforts. Numerous factors, such as plant height, panicle number, grain properties, etc., exhibit phenotypic diversity in rice. Moreover, genetic diversity is essential for breeding and enhancing rice in multiple manners. This research investigates the phenotypic diversity of thirteen promising lines relative to their parents. Since the genetic effect reflects the plant’s phenotype, forty SSR markers were used to investigate the genotypic diversity. Generally, six promising genotypes produced much better grain yields than their parents. Across two years, the number of filled grains panicle−1 and the number of unfilled grains panicle−1 had the highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variability percentage. The challenges towards novel variety with distinct characteristics were met in several promising lines under examination, which showed a significant and positive association between the grain yield and the number of panicles per plant, the number of filled grains per panicle, and the 1000-grain weight. Furthermore, five SSR markers were discovered to be polymorphic during the genetic diversity investigation, and the genotypes were classified into five clusters based on SSR marker data. The findings, together with further details, can be used to release novel and unique varieties.
Production of Bacillus thuringiensis in “On Farm” Biofactories Is So Efficient Like a Commercial Product to Control Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Freire Ítalo Alves , Nascimento Izabela Nunes do , Rocha Gabriela Teodoro , Santos Pedro de Luca Buffon dos , Cunha Breno Béda dos Reis , Ferreira Antônia Débora Camila de Lima , Moreira Flávia Melo , Castro Marcelo Tavares de , Monnerat Rose Gomes
Published: November 2024

The biological control of pests and diseases in Brazilian crops has increased substantially, and the large-scale multiplication of microorganisms, a practice known as “On Farm”, is now being used by farmers. In this study, we aimed to produce and evaluate the quality of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki strain HD-1 in “On Farm” biofactories under three aeration rates (0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 air volume/volume of medium/min) (vvm), with regard to the production of endospores and crystals, contaminants, and to calculate the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) against Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. After 48 h, the number of viable spores differed significantly between 0.2 (5.75 × 107), 0.5 (1.33 × 108) and 0.8 (5.40 × 108) vvm. The culture media did not show enough selectivity. A significant difference was observed for the LC50 calculated for 0.2 vvm (7.06 × 104), 0.5 vvm (2.07 × 104), 0.8 vvm (4.40 × 103), and the commercial product (3.79 × 103). The results of this study showed that the aeration rate affects the multiplication efficiency of B. thuringiensis in biofactories. In addition, post-process quality control analyses found no pathogenic contamination, reinforcing the safety and viability of the production process. The 0.8 vvm rate resulted in the greater production of spores and crystals, and statistically similar results to the commercial product for the control of S. frugiperda.
Implications of the STAT5B and C1QBP Genes of Grain Aphid Sitobion avenae in the Transmission of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus
Authors: Liu Chiping , Zhang Manwen , Luo Chen , Hu Zuqing
Published: November 2024

Many plant viruses are transmitted by insect vectors, and the transmission process is regulated by key genes within the vector. However, few of these genes have been reported. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the expression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B (STAT5B) in viruliferous vector aphids carrying barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) was upregulated, and the complement component 1 Q subcomponent binding protein (C1QBP) within the aphid interacted with the coat protein (CP) and aphid transmission protein (ATP) of BYDV. In this study, we examined the expression levels of STAT5B and C1QBP in the vector aphid Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) using the qPCR method. We conducted this analysis during the acquisition accession periods (AAPs) and inoculation accession periods (IAPs) of the BYDV species GAV (BYDV-GAV). Furthermore, the effects of STAT5B and C1QBP on the acquisition, retention, and transmission of BYDV-GAV in S. avenae were verified using the RNA interference (RNAi) method. The results show the following: (1) the expression levels of STAT5B and C1QBP were significantly upregulated during the AAPs and IAPs of BYDV-GAV; (2) the silencing of STAT5B led to a significant increase in BYDV-GAV retention during IAPs; and (3) the silencing of C1QBP resulted in a notable decrease in BYDV-GAV acquisition during the AAPs, as well as a significant increase in BYDV-GAV retention during the IAPs. These results suggest that STAT5B and C1QBP in S. avenae play a role in BYDV-GAV transmission. These findings highlight the functions of the STAT5B and C1QBP genes and identify C1QBP as a potential target gene for further RNAi-based studies to control the transmission of BYDV-GAV.
Efficient and Accurate Calibration of Discrete Element Method Parameters for Black Beans
Authors: Wang Xuezhen , Zhai Qinghang , Zhang Shihao , Li Qianwen , Zhou Hanmi
Published: November 2024

Discrete element parameters of the black bean (BLB) are key to developing high-performance BLB machineries (e.g., seeders and shellers), which are still lacking in previous literature. In this study, the effects of the radius and lifting speed of cylinder-in-cylinder lifting method (CLM) simulations were investigated to efficiently and accurately obtain the repose angle. Discrete element method (DEM) parameters of the BLB were determined by combining the Plackett–Burman Design test, the steepest ascent design test, and the central composite design test. The results show that the measurement moment (i.e., 12 s) of repose angles should be determined when kinetic energy reaches the minimal threshold (1 × 10−6 J) to efficiently and accurately obtain repose angles; too early or too late a measurement can result in inaccurate repose angles or excessive computation time of the computer, respectively. The lifting speed and cylinder radius affected the lateral displacements of BLBs and came at the cost of higher computation time and memory usage. A lifting speed of 0.015 m·s−1 and a radius of 40 mm of the cylinder were determined in CLM simulations. The static friction coefficient and rolling friction coefficient between BLBs significantly affected the repose angles. A static friction coefficient of 0.202 and rolling friction coefficient of 0.0104 between BLBs were obtained based on the optimization results. A low relative error (0.74%) and insignificant difference (p > 0.05) between the simulated and measured repose angles were found. The suggested method can be potentially used to calibrate the DEM parameters of BLBs with good accuracy. The results from this study can provide implications for investigating interactions of BLBs and various BLB processing machines and for the efficient and accurate determination of DEM parameters of crop grains.
Advancements in Respiratory Surgery Anesthesia: A Collaborative Approach to Perioperative Management and Recovery
Authors: Komasawa Nobuyasu
Published: November 2024

Thoracic surgery is a highly complex field requiring collaboration between surgeons, anesthesiologists, pulmonologists, and other specialists. Successful outcomes depend on thorough preoperative evaluations that consider the patient’s overall health, lifestyle habits, and surgical risks. Key elements include proper intraoperative anesthesia management, postoperative pain control, and the integration of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols to optimize recovery. Double-lumen tubes (DLTs) are essential for one-lung ventilation during thoracic procedures, although they can be invasive. Recent advancements, such as video-assisted laryngoscopes, have improved the success of DLTs and reduced the invasiveness of DLT intubation and extubation. Postoperative pain management is crucial for minimizing complications and enhancing recovery. Techniques like epidural analgesia, nerve blocks, and patient-controlled analgesia improve patient outcomes by allowing early mobility and deep breathing. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a sedative with minimal respiratory impact, has shown promise in reducing delirium and aiding recovery. This review highlights the importance of teamwork, pain management, and emerging technologies in improving thoracic surgery outcomes. Advances in these areas, particularly within ERAS protocols, continue to enhance patient care and overall surgical success.
Dietary Protein Affects the Growth Response and Tissue Composition of Juvenile Slipper Lobster (Thenus australiensis)
Authors: Williamson Andrea , Carter Chris G. , Codabaccus M. Basseer , Fitzgibbon Quinn P. , Smith Gregory G.
Published: November 2024

The effect of different dietary protein levels on apparent feed intake, apparent digestibility, body composition, nutrient retention, and growth efficiency of juvenile slipper lobster (Thenus australiensis) were evaluated for 74 days. Three isoenergetic and isolipidic feeds were formulated with crude protein levels of 445, 490, and 551 g kg−1 DM, designated as P45, P50, and P55, respectively. Lobsters were fed one of these feeds in quadruplicate tanks, with eight lobsters (mean initial wet weight 6.1 ± 0.3 g) per tank in a recirculating seawater system at 27 °C. Increasing dietary protein levels significantly increased apparent feed intake, final dry weight, and daily weight gain. Dietary protein affected whole-body protein, lipid, and energy content. Lobsters fed P55 had significantly higher lipid and energy content than those fed P50 and P45. Protein content was significantly higher in lobsters fed P55 than P50, while P45 was not significantly different from either P50 or P55. Slipper lobsters grew best on a feed containing 550 g kg−1 crude protein (equivalent to 518 g kg−1 digestible protein), providing initial insights into their protein dietary requirement. This study established a foundation for developing standardized feeds, with further research needed to optimize growth performance and nutrient utilization.
Milking Reactivity in Primiparous Saanen Goats During Early Lactation: Effects on Milk Yield, Milk Quality and Plasma Cortisol Concentration
Authors: Andrioli Mayara , Grajales-Cedeño Joseph K. , Sant’Anna Aline C. , Negrão João A. , Paranhos da Costa Mateus J. R.
Published: November 2024

The reactivity of primiparous goats during milking can significantly affect animal welfare and performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the progression of milking reactivity during lactation and its effects at early lactation on milk yield, milk quality, and plasma cortisol concentration in primiparous Saanen goats. The milking reactivity of 31 primiparous Saanen goats was evaluated on days 10, 30, and 60 of the lactation period by scoring step-kick behavior (SK) and head, ear, and tail movements (MOV). Milk yield, milk protein and fat percentages, somatic cell count (SCC), and plasma cortisol concentration were measured on day 10 of lactation. Goats’ milking reactivity was classified as low or high (according to the SK and MOV scores measured on day 10 of lactation). SK and MOV scores decreased over the lactation period, indicating that the goats habituated to the milking procedures. Milking reactivity only affected milk fat percentage, with the less reactive goats having more milk fat than the highly reactive ones. There was no evidence of stress when goats were subjected to milking procedures during early lactation. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationships of milking reactivity with stress response and their effects on milk yield and quality.
Use of Different Synbiotic Strategies to Improve Gut Health in Dogs
Authors: Montserrat-Malagarriga Miquel , Castillejos Lorena , Salas-Mani Anna , Torre Celina , Martín-Orúe Susana María
Published: November 2024

This study evaluated the effects of two synbiotic strategies on the intestinal microbiota and immune response in Beagle dogs. Twelve dogs were subjected to a crossover design with three diets: a control diet (CON), a diet supplemented with fiber and B. velezensis DSM 15544 (SYN), and the SYN diet with added porcine plasma (SYN+). Over three periods of seven weeks, fecal samples were analyzed for digestibility, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), fecal markers, and microbiome composition, while blood samples were assessed for biochemical parameters, leucocytic counts including CD4/CD8 lymphocyte populations, and phagocytic activity. Both SYN and SYN+ diets increased the fecal volume without affecting the consistency and slightly reduced the organic matter and energy digestibility, while increasing SCFA concentrations and reducing branched-chain fatty acids. A microbiome analysis revealed no changes in the alpha diversity, but significant shifts in the beta diversity, with increases in beneficial taxa such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and reductions in potentially harmful bacteria like Prevotella copri. Immune response indicators showed increased fecal IgA and higher blood leukocyte counts, particularly lymphocytes and neutrophils, in the SYN diet group. Overall, both synbiotic strategies positively modulated the microbiota and immune response, though the addition of porcine plasma did not confer additional benefits.
Study on Adult Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) Preferences for Cages of Different Sizes
Authors: Szendrő Zsolt , Łapiński Stanisław , Matics Zsolt , Gerencsér Zsolt
Published: November 2024

The study aimed to investigate adult chinchillas’ preferences when choosing between cages with different floor areas, heights, or both. The size of the cages with a larger floor area was double that of the standard-sized cages in the farms (0.25 and 0.50 m2), while their height was 2.4 times that of the standard-sized cages (0.4 and 1 m). The chinchillas (10–14 in each cohort) were housed in blocks of cages where they could move freely between the smaller and larger cages. The chinchillas’ location preferences were monitored continuously over five days using infrared video recording. The chinchillas were observed in the cages with smaller floor areas 1.9 and 2.7 times more frequently than in the larger ones (p < 0.001) during the dark (active) and light (resting) periods of the day, respectively. When the cage height was 0.4 m, they chose it 3.4 and 6.7 times more frequently, respectively, than the cage that was 1 m high (p < 0.001). When both the floor size and the height were increased, the chinchillas still favored the smaller and lower cages (p < 0.001). The study findings suggest that adult chinchillas show a preference for smaller and shorter cages when the small and large cages are not environment enrichment barren, especially during the rest period of the day, even when the floor area, height, or both are increased. In the future, it would be important to investigate different forms of cage enrichment.
Angiogenesis as a Survival Mechanism in Heartworm Disease: The Role of Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase and Actin from Dirofilaria immitis in an In Vitro Endothelial Model
Authors: Collado-Cuadrado Manuel , Alarcón-Torrecillas Claudia , Balmori-de la Puente Alfonso , Rodríguez-Escolar Iván , Infante González-Mohino Elena , Pericacho Miguel , Morchón Rodrigo
Published: November 2024

Heartworm disease, caused by Dirofilaria immitis, is a vector-borne zoonotic disease, (mainly affecting canids and felids) causing chronic vascular and pulmonary pathology in its early stages, which worsens with parasite load and/or death of adult worms in the pulmonary artery or right heart cavity, and can be fatal to the host. Angiogenesis is a mechanism by which new blood vessels are formed from existing ones. The aim of this work was to study the effect of two molecules of the D. immitis excretory/secretory antigen (DiES) on the angiogenic process, taking into account that this antigen is able to interact with this process and use it as a survival mechanism. For this purpose, an in vitro model of endothelial cells was used and treated with two recombinant proteins, i.e., actin (Act) and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBAL) proteins belonging to DiES, and both pro- and antiangiogenic molecules were analyzed, as well as the cellular processes of cell proliferation, migration, and pseudocapillary formation. Act and FBAL proteins, together with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), as an angiogenic precursor, are able to stimulate the production of proangiogenic factors as well as cellular processes of proliferation, migration, and pseudocapillary formation. This implies that these molecules could be produced by D. immitis to facilitate its survival, and the relationship between parasite and canine host would be further elaborated.
Explicit and Implicit Measures of Black Cat Bias in Cat and Dog People
Authors: Elvers Greg C , Gavin Brianna , Crutcher Robert J.
Published: November 2024

Two studies looked at the prevalence and predictors of black cat bias—negative behaviors and attitudes toward black cats—using explicit and implicit measures. The first study looked at an internet sample of 114 people to see if people who self-identified as liking cats (cat people) showed less bias against black cats than those who self-identified as dog people or those who liked both dogs and cats (dog-and-cat people). Participants completed a questionnaire that measured superstitious beliefs, belief in witchcraft, and religiosity before rating pictures and, for about half of the participants, descriptions of black and non-black cats. They rated each cat for how good they thought it was and whether they wanted to live with the cat. Participants also completed a brief implicit association task in which they categorized pictures of black and non-black cats and good and bad words. Results suggest that bias against black cats exists when measured implicitly for dog people and dog-and-cat people but not for cat people. These results suggest that liking cats does not protect one from black cat bias and that liking dogs may lead to black cat bias. Belief in witchcraft was positively correlated with the explicit measure of black cat bias for dog people (medium effect size). In study two, a sample of 37 college students, mostly self-identified as dog people, completed this study twice—once at least six weeks before and once no more than three weeks before Halloween. The implicit measure of black cat bias was about 40% larger when measured closer to Halloween. These results suggest that black cat bias might be modified by environmental factors.
Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Bacteremia in Pediatric Patients in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ruvinsky Silvina , Voto Carla , Roel Macarena , Portillo Victoria , Naranjo Zuñiga Gabriela , Ulloa-Gutierrez Rolando , Comandé Daniel , Ciapponi Agustín , Aboud Gabriela , Brizuela Martín , Bardach Ariel
Published: November 2024

Background: Data on the health impact of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections (CRE-BSIs) in pediatric populations from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are limited. This systematic review aims to examine the demographic, clinical, and microbiological aspects and resource utilization of this infection in children from this region. Methods: This systematic review investigates the impact of CRE-BSIs in pediatric populations across LAC. Following the Cochrane methodology and PRISMA/MOOSE guidelines, we conducted an extensive search of different databases, including MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS (SciELO), CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase (Ovid), the Cochrane Library, and the World Health Organization (WHO) database, and relevant websites for published articles between January 2012 and September 2024. The review included studies on hospitalized patients under 19 years of age with CRE-BSIs. Results: Fourteen studies involving 189 patients were analyzed. Most cases were reported from Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Paraguay. The median age of the patients was 35 months. Key risk factors included immunocompromised status, invasive procedures, carbapenem use, and colonization. The infections were predominantly hospital-acquired, with Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia spp. being the most common pathogens. KPC and NDM were the primary resistance mechanisms. Most patients received combination antimicrobial therapy for a median of 17 days. An alarmingly high mortality rate at 34% was found. Conclusions: Our findings highlight that CRE-BSIs pose a significant threat to children with underlying conditions in LAC, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. Implementing robust antimicrobial stewardship programs and effective infection control measures are crucial to curbing the spread of CRE-BSIs in the region. This review underscores the need for targeted interventions and further research to address this critical public health concern in pediatric populations across LAC.
The Neural Palette of Heme: Altered Heme Homeostasis Underlies Defective Neurotransmission, Increased Oxidative Stress, and Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Soladogun Adedamola Saidi , Zhang Li
Published: November 2024

Heme, a complex iron-containing molecule, is traditionally recognized for its pivotal role in oxygen transport and cellular respiration. However, emerging research has illuminated its multifaceted functions in the nervous system, extending beyond its canonical roles. This review delves into the diverse roles of heme in the nervous system, highlighting its involvement in neural development, neurotransmission, and neuroprotection. We discuss the molecular mechanisms by which heme modulates neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity, emphasizing its influence on ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors. Additionally, the review explores the potential neuroprotective properties of heme, examining its role in mitigating oxidative stress, including mitochondrial oxidative stress, and its implications in neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, we address the pathological consequences of heme dysregulation, linking it to conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and traumatic brain injuries. By providing a comprehensive overview of heme’s multifunctional roles in the nervous system, this review underscores its significance as a potential therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker for various neurological disorders.
Simulation and Experimental Assessment of the Usability of the Phase Angle Method of Examining the State of Shock Absorbers Installed in a Vehicle
Authors: Drobiszewski Jacek , Lozia Zbigniew , Zdanowicz Piotr
Published: November 2024

The technical condition of the shock absorbers used in automotive suspension systems is important with respect to vehicle occupants’ comfort and traffic safety. Therefore, much effort has been made for many years to find diagnostic methods that would be more effective. There is a preference for those methods where the shock absorbers do not have to be dismounted from the vehicle. Among those being in use, the ‘forced vibration methods’ have earned the widest acceptance. One of them is the solution where the angle of phase shift between the vertical displacement of the vibration plate and the tyre–plate interaction force is measured. The authors decided to assess this method’s usability by comparing simulation results with the results of experiments run on a prototype diagnostic test stand. They used two ‘quarter-car’ simulation models (linear and non-linear) and experimentally tested suspension systems of two medium-class cars. In the first stage, computations were made in the frequency domain for the linear model with two degrees of freedom, followed by simulations in the time domain, where an analogous but strongly non-linear model was used. In the latter model, the actual characteristic curves (determined during the laboratory measurements) of shock absorber damping, tyre and suspension elasticity, sliding friction in the suspension system, and tyre bouncing were taken into account. The authors have presented the computation results in the form of curves representing the phase angle as a function of the relative damping in the suspension system under test for the two medium-class cars. The suspensions of the cars had similar inertia properties but different characteristics of the spring and damping forces. The cars also differed from each other in the observed and measured level of the friction forces (twice bigger). The computation results obtained for the linear and non-linear model and the experiment results show a similar qualitative nature. In quantitative terms, however, they differ significantly from each other. The role of non-linearities is important. Nevertheless, the results show monotonicity and noticeable sensitivity to changes in the technical condition of the shock absorbers, which is an essential and desirable feature in diagnostics.