bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joint isotopic mass balance: a novel approach to quantifying channel bed to channel margins sediment transfer during storm events
Authors: Underwood John W. , Renshaw Carl E. , Magilligan Francis J. , Dade W. Brian , Landis Joshua D.
Published: March 2015

The important role of floodplains and the broader riparian zone in providing temporary storage for a large fraction of the annual sediment load of rivers is well established, but this understanding is largely based on observations of the long‐term average behavior of the catchment. Here we combine measurements of the fallout radionuclides 7Be and 210Pb and the stable isotopes of hydrogen in water to quantify fine sediment mobilization and storage in a stream and its channel margins during individual intermediate‐sized storm events with recurrence intervals of a few months or less. We demonstrate this method using five storm events in a small (~15 km2), undeveloped, gravel‐bedded tributary of the Connecticut River (USA). We estimate that in each storm, the mass of sediment deposited onto the margins accounts for almost 90% of the sediment mobilized from the bed, with the remainder of the mobilized bed sediment transported downstream as suspended load. The result that the bed is a net source of sediment to the stream and the margins a net sink is robust, but estimates of the mass of material eroded from the bed and deposited on the margins are less certain. The source of sediment to the bed remains unclear as, consistent with earlier studies, we observe only limited deposition of sediment to the bed during the storm events. The suspended sediment is organic‐rich and thus its source may be associated with in‐channel organic decay between storm events. Understanding the coupled interactions between discharge magnitude and frequency and sediment resupply at the event time scale has important implications for stream restoration efforts seeking to connect the channel and the broader riparian zone, and for the development of accurate sediment budgets and predictions of sediment flux from a watershed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sulfonyl Ketenimines as Key Intermediates in One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Sulfonyl‐2‐alkaneimidoyl Selenocyanates
Authors: Yavari Issa , Taheri Zohreh , Nematpour Manijeh , Sheikhi Azam
Published: March 2015

Sulfonyl‐ketenimine intermediates, generated by the addition of Cu acetylides to sulfonyl azides, are trapped by KSeCN to afford N‐sulfonyl‐2‐alkaneimidoyl selenocyanates in moderate‐to‐good yields.
Two New Iridoids from the Stem of Catalpa ovata
Authors: Han Xiang Hua , Lee Chul , Lee Jin Woo , Jin Qinghao , Jang Hari , Lee Ha Ju , Lee Dongho , Lee Sung‐Joon , Hong Jin Tae , Lee Mi Kyeong , Hwang Bang Yeon
Published: March 2015

Two new iridoids, 6‐O‐[(E)‐feruloyl]jioglutin D (1) and 6‐O‐(4‐hydroxybenzoyl)jioglutin D (2), and six known compounds, minecoside (3), specioside (4), picroside II (5), picroside III (6), 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (7), and martynoside (8), were isolated from the stem of Catalpa ovata. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic techniques, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR.
Synthesis and Characterization of m‐Terphenyl (1,3‐Diphenylbenzene) Compounds Containing Trifluoromethyl Groups
Authors: Corona‐Armenta Alma T. , Ordoñez Mario , López Jorge A. , Cervantes Jorge , Serrano Oracio
Published: March 2015

The bis(silyl)triazene compound 2,6‐(Me3Si)2‐4‐Me‐1‐(NNNC4H8)C6H2 (4) was synthesized by double lithiation/silylation of 2,6‐Br2‐4‐Me‐1‐(NNNC4H8)C6H2 (1). Furthermore, 2,6‐bis[3,5‐(CF3)2‐C6H3]‐4‐Me‐C6H2‐1‐(NNNC4H8)C6H2 derivative 6 can be easily synthesized by a C,C‐bond formation reaction of 1 with the corresponding aryl‐Grignard reagent, i.e., 3,5‐bis[(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]magnesium bromide. Reactions of compound 4 with KI and 6 with I2 afforded in good yields novel phenyl derivatives, 2,6‐(Me3Si)2‐4‐MeC6H2I and 2,6‐bis[3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3]‐4‐MeC6H2I (5 and 7, resp.). On the other hand, the analogous m‐terphenyl 1,3‐diphenylbenzene compound 2,6‐bis[3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3]C6H3I (8) could be obtained in moderate yield from the reaction of (2,6‐dichlorophenyl)lithium and 2 equiv. of aryl‐Grignard reagent, followed by the reaction with I2. Different attempts to introduce the tBu (Me3C) or neophyl (PhC(Me)2CH2) substituents in the central ring were unsuccessful. All the compounds were fully characterized by elemental analysis, melting point, IR and NMR spectroscopy. The structure of compound 6 was corroborated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction measurements.
Synthesis of 2,3,3a,9a‐Tetrahydro‐1H‐cyclopenta[b]quinoxaline‐1,3,4,9‐tetracarboxylate by Cyclization of 1,5‐Bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]penta‐1,4‐dienes with Quinoxalines
Authors: Rotzoll Sven , Feist Holger , Gütlein Jörg‐Peter , Michalik Dirk , Kelzhanova Nazken K. , Abilov Zharylkasyn A. , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: March 2015

The cyclization of 1,5‐bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]penta‐1,4‐dienes with quinoxalines and chloroformates afforded 2,3,3a,9a‐tetrahydro‐1H‐cyclopenta[b]quinoxaline‐1,3,4,9‐tetracarboxylate.
Synthesis of New Silybin Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Zarrelli Armando , Romanucci Valeria , De Napoli Lorenzo , Previtera Lucio , Di Fabio Giovanni
Published: March 2015

Silibinin, the major flavonolignan of silymarin, displays a broad spectrum of biological features that are generally ascribed to its antioxidant properties. Silibinin occurs in two diastereoisomeric forms, i.e., silybins A and B, in a ratio of ca. 1 : 1. With a simple and robust purification method, it is now possible to obtain silybins A and B in pure forms, in g‐scale amounts, and within a short period of time. Herein, we describe an efficient synthesis strategy to obtain a variety of new and more H2O‐soluble derivatives from the single silybins in which the 9″‐OH group was converted to a sulfate, N3, phosphodiester, or NH2 group via a solution‐phase approach. Thus, eight new compounds have been synthesized, purified by HPLC analysis, and characterized by NMR and MS analyses. To conduct experiments to clarify the many biological properties of pure silibinin diastereoisomers and their derivatives, the synthetic compounds were tested by using the DPPH assay to evaluate their antioxidant activities. The results, even if only for a small number of derivatives, revealed that some of these compounds are much more active than their parent compounds. It is also interesting to consider the synergetic effects.
Three New Bisabolane Sesquiterpenes from Ligularia songarica
Authors: Dai Wei , Xie Zhou‐Jian , Li Mei , Wang Qi
Published: March 2015

Three new bisabolane sesquiterpenes, songaricalarins F–H (1–3, resp.), and five known analogs, 4–8, were isolated from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia songarica. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 2D‐NMR techniques. The isolated compounds were also evaluated for their cytotoxic activities, against human lung carcinoma (A‐549) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7) cell lines, and three compounds were found to show moderate cytotoxicities.
Evaluating changes in tendon crimp with fatigue loading as an ex vivo structural assessment of tendon damage
Authors: Freedman Benjamin R. , Zuskov Andrey , Sarver Joseph J. , Buckley Mark R. , Soslowsky Louis J.
Published: March 2015

The complex structure of tendons relates to their mechanical properties. Previous research has associated the waviness of collagen fibers (crimp) during quasi‐static tensile loading to tensile mechanical properties, but less is known about the role of fatigue loading on crimp properties. In this study (IACUC approved), mouse patellar tendons were fatigue loaded while an integrated plane polariscope simultaneously assessed crimp properties. We demonstrate a novel structural mechanism whereby tendon crimp amplitude and frequency are altered with fatigue loading. In particular, fatigue loading increased the crimp amplitude across the tendon width and length, and these structural alterations were shown to be both region and load dependent. The change in crimp amplitude was strongly correlated to mechanical tissue laxity (defined as the ratio of displacement and gauge length relative to the first cycle of fatigue loading assessed at constant load throughout testing), at all loads and regions evaluated. Together, this study highlights the role of fatigue loading on tendon crimp properties as a function of load applied and region evaluated, and offers an additional structural mechanism for mechanical alterations that may lead to ultimate tendon failure. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:904–910, 2015.
Effects of blockade of endogenous Gi signaling in Tie2‐expressing cells on bone formation in a mouse model of heterotopic ossification
Authors: Wang Liping , Carroll Dylan O' , Liu Xuhui , Roth Theresa , Kim Hubert , Halloran Bernard , Nissenson Robert A.
Published: March 2015

Available evidence indicates that some Tie2‐expressing (Tie2+) cells serve as multipotent progenitors that have robust BMP‐dependent osteogenic activity and mediate heterotopic ossification (HO). Since signaling through the G protein Gi is required for cell motility, we hypothesized that blockade of endogenous Gi signaling in Tie2+ cell populations would prevent HO formation. Blockade of Gi signaling in Tie2+ cells was accomplished in transgenic mice with expression of pertussis toxin (PTX) under the control of the Tie2 promoter (Tie2+/PTX+). Bone formation within HOs was evaluated 2 weeks after BMP injection. Expression of PTX in Tie2+ cells significantly reduced the bone volume (BV) of HOs in male and female mice. Orthotopic bones were assessed at the distal femur and expression of PTX significantly increased trabecular bone fractional volume and bone formation rate in females only. In adult Tie2+/GFP+ mice, GFP+ cells appeared both inside and at the surfaces of bone tissue within HOs and in orthotopic bones. In summary, blockade of Gi signaling in Tie2+ cells reduced the accrual of HOs and stimulated osteogenesis in orthotopic bones. Targeting of Gi protein coupled receptors in Tie2+ cells may be a novel therapeutic strategy in states of abnormal bone formation such as osteoporosis and HO. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1212–1217, 2015.
Molecular diagnostics in soft tissue sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Smith Stephen M. , Coleman Joshua , Bridge Julia A. , Iwenofu O. Hans
Published: March 2015

Soft tissue sarcomas are rare malignant heterogenous tumors of mesenchymal origin with over fifty subtypes. The use of hematoxylin and eosin stained sections (and immunohistochemistry) in the morphologic assessment of these tumors has been the bane of clinical diagnosis until recently. The last decade has witnessed considerable progress in the understanding and application of molecular techniques in refining the current understanding of soft tissue sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors beyond the limits of traditional approaches. Indeed, the identification of reciprocal chromosomal translocations and fusion genes in some subsets of sarcomas with potential implications in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment has been revolutionary. The era of molecular targeted therapy presents a platform that continues to drive biomarker discovery and personalized medicine in soft tissue sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In this review, we highlight how the different molecular techniques have enhanced the diagnosis of these tumors with prognostic and therapeutic implications. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:520–531. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of corrosion behavior of Al‐Mn and Al‐Mg alloys in chloride aqueous solution
Authors: Wang B. , Liu J. , Yin M. , Xiao Y. , Wang X. H. , He J. X.
Published: March 2015

The microstructure and corrosion behavior of Al‐Mn alloy 3A21 and Al‐Mg alloy 5A05 in 3.5% NaCl solution were examined and compared. The results of the microstructure survey performed by optical microscope confirm the inhomogeneous nature of the intermetallic particles of the two alloys. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals the presence of intermetallic Al6Mn and Al6(FeMn) particles in the 3A21 alloy and Al3Mg2, Mg2Si and FeAl3 particles in the 5A05 alloy, respectively. Electrochemical results, in parallel with corrosion morphology characterization, show that these two alloys both suffer pitting corrosion type attack under the conditions employed in the present study, with better corrosion resistance and stronger repassivating capability for the 5A05 alloy. Furthermore, the validity of the difference ΔE (Epit–Ecorr, Ecorr–Eprot) and Eptp as criteria for susceptibility to localized corrosion of aluminum alloys are also discussed.
Application of 19 F time‐domain NMR to measure content in fluorine‐containing drug products
Authors: Silva Elipe Maria Victoria , Li Lan , Nagapudi Karthik , Kook Alan M. , Cobas Carlos , Iglesias Isaac , Peng Chen
Published: March 2015

It is necessary to show that the active content in the dosage form of drugs is within a certain narrow range of the label claim. In case of fluorinated drugs, the active content can be measured by high field solid state NMR because the excipients lack fluorine. To make NMR reachable to any laboratory, simple to use, and at a low cost, measurement of 19 F nucleus using a 23 MHz (for 1H) low field benchtop time‐domain (TD) NMR was investigated. Three fluorinated drug products, cinacalcet, lansoprazole, and ciprofloxacin, were chosen for this study. The doses for these drug products range from 15 to 500 mg. The average drug content measured using 19 F TD‐NMR compares well with the reported label claims for the three drugs tested. 19 F TD‐NMR is a simple and non‐destructive technique to measure drug content in tablets. In addition, the accessibility and simplicity of the technique makes it an excellent process analytical technology tool for development and manufacturing in the pharmaceutical industry. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advanced fractionation methods for the microstructure analysis of complex polymers
Authors: Pasch Harald
Published: March 2015

This review discusses some recent work on the microstructure analysis of complex polymers using advanced fractionation methods. Complex polymers are distributed in a number of molecular parameters including molar mass, chemical composition, molecular architecture, and microstructure. Molar mass and chemical composition analysis is typically conducted by a range of spectroscopic and chromatographic methods, size exclusion chromatography and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) being the most important fractionation methods. It is shown that HPLC is also very sensitive regarding polymer microstructure and can be used for the fractionation of e.g. polymethacrylates, polyisoprene, and polybutadiene. The best approach to the quantitative analysis of microstructure distributions is the on‐line coupling of the fractionation with 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The spectroscopic analysis of chromatographic fractions provides concentration profiles of the tactic units as a function of the chromatographic separation and can be used for both HPLC and size exclusion chromatography. Apart from column‐based fractionations, channel‐based fractionations such as thermal field flow fractionation are powerful tools for microstructure analysis of complex polymers. It has been shown very recently that thermal field flow fractionation is capable of fractionating polyisoprene and polybutadiene according to microstructure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of events scale: a comparison of frequency versus severity approaches to measuring cancer‐specific distress
Authors: Salsman John M. , Schalet Benjamin D. , Andrykowski Michael A. , Cella David
Published: March 2015

Objective

The Impact of Events Scale (IES) is one of the most widely used measures of event‐specific distress. The IES assesses the frequency with which respondents experience intrusive thoughts and avoidant behaviors over the past week. Our aim is to demonstrate the benefit of a severity‐based measurement approach of the IES compared with a frequency‐based measurement approach.

Methods

A mixed group of post‐treatment cancer survivors (N = 325; M = 31.8 years old) completed measures assessing quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General), psychological adjustment (Mental Health Inventory), and cancer‐related distress (IES). The IES was keyed to the cancer experience and administered with standard (frequency) and modified (severity) response options.

Results

Classical reliability analyses and bifactor modeling were conducted on both versions of the IES. Reliability estimates suggest that the IES severity items were more highly intercorrelated than the IES frequency items. Both versions of the IES were highly correlated (r = 0.82), showing the presence of a dominant general factor. Bifactor modeling suggested that the severity items generally provided higher levels of discrimination than the frequency items. Validity correlations with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General and Mental Health Inventory demonstrated that the IES severity performed as good as or better than the IES frequency.

Conclusions

Given the high correlations and similarity in content, the IES severity items largely assess the same construct as the IES frequency items. However, IES severity items generally showed improved psychometric properties and similar or higher correlations with quality of life and psychological adjustment. The IES severity approach appears to be a more informative method for assessing cancer‐specific distress. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical properties of arrays of hexagonal GaN microdisks acting as whispering‐gallery‐mode‐type optical microcavities
Authors: Kouno Tetsuya , Suzuki Sho , Kishino Katsumi , Sakai Masaru , Yamano Kouji , Yanagihara Ai , Hara Kazuhiko
Published: March 2015

The optical properties of arrays of hexagonal GaN microdisks, which potentially act as whispering‐gallery‐mode‐type optical microcavities, were investigated. The arrays were fabricated from a GaN film using a top–down process, and the side lengths and height of the hexagonal GaN microdisks were approximately 1.5 and 500 nm, respectively. The microdisk arrays exhibited optically pumped lasing actions. The estimated lasing intensities which were obtained from one microdisk in the arrays were related to the period of the arrays. We discuss the optical properties of the microdisk arrays in view of experimental results and numerical analyses obtained using a two‐dimensional finite‐difference time‐domain method.
Elastic stability analysis of auxetic columns using third‐order shear deformation theory
Authors: Lim Teik‐Cheng
Published: March 2015

The analysis of auxetic structural elements undergoing transverse shear deformation has so far been largely confined to the first‐order shear deformation theory (FSDT), which requires a shear correction factor; analysis using the third‐order shear deformation theory (TSDT), which does not require a shear correction factor, is currently lacking in regard to auxetic structural elements. This paper adopts the TSDT to evaluate the elastic stability of isotropic columns with special emphasis on auxetic ones for pinned–pinned columns with springs of equal rotational stiffness at both ends. Results on columns with pinned–pinned (zero stiffness) and fixed–fixed (infinite stiffness) end conditions with square and circular cross sections reveal that auxeticity (i) reduces the transverse shear deformation, (ii) allows the use of classical theories, and (iii) provides higher elastic stability.
Influence of thermal annealing on the structural and optical properties of maghemite (γ‐Fe2O3) nanoparticle thin films
Authors: Parsianpour Ehsan , Gholami Mohammad , Shahbazi Nima , Samavat Feridoun
Published: March 2015

In this study, maghemite (γ‐Fe2O3) nanoparticles were initially synthesized via chemical co‐precipitation and then deposited by spray pyrolysis as thin films on white glass substrates. The thin films were annealed for 8 h at 400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 °C in an oven. The structural studies of maghemite nanoparticles were carried out using X‐ray diffractometer. Structural properties that we investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, SEM, and Energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDS). Optical properties of the samples were also investigated by ultraviolet‐visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. The results showed that maghemite nanoparticles have crystalline structure with domain that increases in size with increasing annealing temperature. The optical band gap values were found to reduce from 2.9 to 2.4 eV with increase in annealing temperature. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical Foundations of Learning Communities
Authors: Jessup‐Anger Jody E.
Published: March 2015

This chapter describes the historical and contemporary theoretical underpinnings of learning communities and argues that there is a need for more complex models in conceptualizing and assessing their effectiveness.
Assessing the “Learning” in Learning Communities
Authors: Gansemer‐Topf Ann M. , Tietjen Kari
Published: March 2015

Although assessment has been an integral part of the development and expansion of learning communities, much of the assessment was focused on investigating student satisfaction, retention, and graduation. This chapter provides a case study illustrating one learning community's efforts to create assessments focused on student learning.
Learning Community Literature: Annotated Bibliography
Authors: Conte Sarah
Published: March 2015

This chapter serves as a resource of recent learning community literature.
Learning to See the Infinite: Teaching Visual Literacy in a First‐Year Seminar Course
Authors: Palmer Michael S.
Published: March 2015

This chapter describes a first‐year seminar course designed to develop students’ visual literacy skills. After a brief overview of the course and a discussion of the evidence supporting the efficacy of the instructional interventions, a timeline and description of the specific learning activities are presented.
Sociology through Photography
Authors: Hyde Katherine
Published: March 2015

This chapter describes how photography can inspire and cultivate sociological mindfulness. One set of assignments uses self‐portraiture to highlight the complexity of visual representations of social identity. Another uses photography to guide sociological inquiry. Both sets of assignments draw on the Literacy Through Photography methodology, using the interplay of image making and writing to foster creativity and insight and strengthen communication and observation skills.
Teaching Film and Filmmaking in a Second Language
Authors: Levine Alison J. Murray
Published: March 2015

This chapter describes a pedagogical approach that blends theory and practice in upper‐level French film classes, but the objectives, design, and assignments are applicable to many contexts in which instructors might want to engage with visual material. Reading, viewing, writing, lecture, and discussion combine with practical filmmaking workshops in French in the exploration of historical, social, philosophical, and esthetic questions raised by film and video, and students improve language skills as well as expanding their creativity and problem‐solving skills.
Teaching Visual Literacy across the Curriculum: Suggestions and Strategies
Authors: Little Deandra
Published: March 2015

This final chapter highlights seven general suggestions and strategies for faculty (and others) working to develop visual literacy in classrooms and across the curriculum. The chapters throughout this volume illustrate and elaborate on these strategies; they are condensed here as a quick guide to effective practice.
Prevalence of carcass bruises as an indicator of welfare in beef cattle and the relation to the economic impact
Authors: Huertas Stella M. , van Eerdenburg Frank , Gil Andrés , Piaggio José
Published: March 2015

The objective of this work was to characterize bruises in bovine carcasses in Uruguay and to evaluate the economic impact. Thirteen abattoirs were visited during 2 years and bruises were identified, classified, and quantified by zone and degree (depth and size). One hundred carcasses were separated and bruises were cut out and weighed separately. From a total of 15 157 carcasses observed, 60.0% had at least one bruise; 42.0% of these had bruises on both sides. The expensive butt zone was the most damaged, followed by rib, shoulder and loin, respectively. The mean weight and standard error of the condemned trimmed meat was 1602 ± 212 g. It suppose a loss of 899 g per animal slaugtered in Uruguay. In a country sending 2.5 million heads of cattle to be slaughter yearly, this indicates an important financial loss. Improving transport conditions and personnel skills will probably result in a better welfare for the animals as well as better financial profit.
Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment After Shoulder Arthroscopy: A Case Report
Authors: Yung Herbie , Lagemann Gerritt M. , Lin Albert , Orebaugh Steven L. , Cortazzo Megan H.
Published: March 2015

The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LABCN) is a distal sensory branch of the musculocutaneous nerve that innervates the radial aspect of the forearm. Cases of LABCN injury from trauma and chronic compression have been reported. A case of musculocutaneous nerve injury after a biceps tenodesis has also been reported. This case report describes an LABCN injury and forearm pain after a biceps tenodesis procedure. Using a multifaceted diagnostic approach of electrodiagnostics and magnetic resonance neurography, the site of compression was appropriately localized. The patient ultimately achieved relief after a surgical decompression.
Astronomicon
Authors: Manilius Marcus
Published: March 2015

Both the author and the date of this five-volume poem, the first Western document to link the houses of the zodiac with the course of human affairs, are uncertain. The author's name may be Marcus Manilius, or Manlius, or Mallius, and the latest datable event mentioned in the books themselves is the disastrous defeat of Varus' Roman legions by the German tribes in 9 CE. The writing shows knowledge of the work of Lucretius, but the work is not referred to by any subsequent writer, suggesting that it was never widely disseminated. A manuscript was rediscovered by Poggio Bracciolini in 1416 or 1417, and editions were produced by Scaliger and Bentley, but this immensely erudite edition of 1903–1930 by the scholar and poet A. E. Housman (1859–1936) is regarded as authoritative. Volume 2 describes the signs of the zodiac, their characteristics and their subdivisions.
Farthest North
Authors: Nansen Fridtjof
Published: March 2015

Originally published in 1897, this two-volume work chronicles the polar expedition of Norwegian scientist Fridtjof Nansen (1861–1930), who came closer than any previous explorer to the North Pole. Beginning on board his boat, the Fram, which was deliberately driven into pack-ice off Siberia in order to drift north, Nansen and his companions later resorted to sleds and kayaks. Volume 2 describes the journey over the ice – setting out with 28 dogs, 3 sledges and 2 kayaks – and ends with an account of the return journey. (It also includes Captain Otto Sverdrup's report of the expedition.) The Fram served as a laboratory during its time in the Arctic, and Nansen eventually published six volumes of scientific observations. He later became Norwegian delegate to the League of Nations, directing humanitarian projects, and is famous for receiving the Nobel Peace Prize in 1922 as well as for his polar achievements.
Realities of Irish Life
Authors: Trench W. Steuart
Published: March 2015

First published in 1868, this book provides an intriguing memoir of Irish culture and society during and after the Potato Famine. W. Steuart Trench (1808–72) studied agriculture with a view to becoming a land agent: having taken on this role for the Shirley estate in Monaghan in 1843, he eventually managed Irish estates for the Marquess of Lansdowne in County Kerry, for the Marquess of Bath and for Lord Digby. His book, a series of stories of everyday (and some extraordinary) events in nineteenth-century Ireland, purports to give the English public a clear and truthful account of the daily occurrences and difficulties experienced by an Irish landlord and his agent. The book also contains detailed appendix material, including letters describing the devastating effects of the famine (1845–52). The work was immediately successful, with five reprintings (of which this reissue is the third) within twelve months of publication.
Historia Regis Henrici Septimi, a Bernardo Andrea Tholosate Conscripta
Authors: Andreas Bernard
Published: March 2015

With his decisive victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field (1485), Henry VII ended the Wars of the Roses and famously delivered peace to a war-ravaged England. Ever since, his life and court have attracted the attention of commentators, historians and strategists. Described by the The Examiner as a 'store of welcome gossip', this 1858 collection of documents pertaining to the first Tudor monarch swiftly became popular, and could be found on the bookshelves of scholars and politicians alike. Compiled, translated and edited by the archivist and historian James Gairdner for the Rolls Series, the work contains a variety of ambassadors' reports on foreign rulers including the Kings of Aragon, Castile and Naples. Transcribed in their original Latin, with English translations and commentary provided by Gairdner, these accounts reveal the origins of international relationships that would influence the policy of Henry's descendants for centuries.
Observations on the Reflections of the Right Hon. Edmund Burke, on the Revolution in France
Authors: Macaulay Catharine
Published: March 2015

Catharine Macaulay (1731–91) is considered to have been the first female historian. Her eight-volume History of England (1763–83) and her radical views brought her considerable fame in eighteenth-century England. She was a political activist in favour of parliamentary reform, and wrote several political pamphlets on the subject. She also wrote the feminist work Letters on Education (1790), which argues for the equal education of men and women and is thought to have been influential upon Mary Wollstonecraft. Macaulay supported both the American Revolution and the French Revolution and saw them as moves towards equality and liberty. This political pamphlet, first published in 1790, was written in support of the French Revolution and against Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France. It is a passionate polemic that challenges Burke's interpretation of British history. It remains an important work in the history of political philosophy.
Miscellaneous Notices Relating to China, and our Commercial Intercourse with that Country, including a Few Translations from the Chinese Language
Authors: Staunton George Thomas
Published: March 2015

The sinologist George Thomas Staunton (1781–1859) learned Chinese as a child and accompanied his father on a trip to China in 1792 where, though the Ambassador's page, he was the only member of the delegation who could speak to the Emperor in Chinese. A career in the East India Company's Canton factory followed, and he translated many texts between Chinese and English. Upon his return to Britain in 1817, he spent many years as a Tory MP and often spoke about China and its trade with Britain. He also continued to write about these issues, and this collection of translations and essays, published in 1822, reflects Staunton's varied interests - ranging from a translation of the Chinese history, Tung-wha-loo to his own writings on the Company's trade disputes with the Emperor - making this work a unique and valuable source of information on British cultural, economic, and diplomatic relations with China in the early nineteenth-century.
Narrative of the Earl of Elgin's Mission to China and Japan, in the Years 1857, '58, '59
Authors: Oliphant Laurence
Published: March 2015

In 1857 Laurence Oliphant (1829–88), lawyer, journalist, diplomat, and sometime spy, later Liberal MP, satirical novelist, and, for a time, adherent of the religious mystic Thomas Harris, became private secretary to Lord Elgin (1811–63), accompanying him to China, and thence to Japan, on a mission to protect and extend British trading interests in the region. Oliphant's 1859 account of the trip was published in two volumes. Volume 1 deals with the events of the Second Opium War, from the 'Arrow Incident', discussed in retrospect, to the Treaty of Tientsin, as well as an early diversion to India to suppress the Mutiny. The work is a mixture of travel narrative - Oliphant had previously written about his travels in the Crimea (also reissued in this series) - and political analysis. It provides both an informative account of the war from a privileged vantage point and a window upon Oliphant's colourful career.
A Review of the Financial Situation of the East India Company in 1824
Authors: Tucker Henry St. George
Published: March 2015

Henry St George Tucker (1772−1851) sailed to India in 1786 and worked in a number of administrative posts before becoming a director of the East India Company in 1826. He wrote this book following the publication of an essay by French economist Jean-Baptiste Say (1767−1832) which suggested that British possession of territories in India was a burden to the mother country. Tucker's aim with this work was to give an accurate report of the finances of the East India Company in order to show Say's claim to be false. First published in 1825, this book contains an analysis of the company's sources of revenue and gives the details of revenue raised from opium, salt, stamps and land taxes. It includes information on the revenue raised from different territories and finally concludes with an overview of the company's general finances, thus providing valuable data for the study of colonial economics.
Journal of an Embassy from the Governor General of India to the Court of Ava, in the Year 1827
Authors: Crawfurd John
Published: March 2015

After studying medicine at Edinburgh, John Crawfurd (1783–1868) joined the medical service of the East India Company. While posted at Penang, he studied the Malay language and culture and became an expert in Eastern affairs. His talent was recognised by the British Government, which entrusted to him both administrative and diplomatic responsibilities. He was sent as an envoy on many missions, most notably to the Court of Siam (Thailand) where his efforts led to a possibility of opening up the diplomatic relations between the two countries, troubled since the seventeenth century. In 1827, he was sent on his last diplomatic assignment in the service of the East India Company, to the Court of Ava (then the capital of present-day Myanmar (Burma)). This 1829 work describes his experiences at Ava, and provided a reference source for subsequent missions. The appendix contains several relevant official communiqués.
The Private Life of an Eastern King
Authors: Knighton William
Published: March 2015

The writer William Knighton (c.1824–1900) spent much of his career in Sri Lanka and India. Published in 1855, this is an account of the court of the notorious Indian King Nussir-u-deen (c.1803–37), written from the viewpoint and using the testimony of an anonymous British member of the King's retinue. Richly descriptive, it is an intimate portrait of life in the service of a hedonistic sovereign so hated and paranoid that he feared his own family would try to poison him. He is characterised as a cruel and frivolous man who only trusted his sycophantic barber. As well as describing the lavish royal lifestyle, the narrator documents the King's thirst for hunting, for exotic-animal fights and for abusing and humiliating members of the royal family. This is a lurid and engrossing tale of a monarch in decline and the corruption and favouritism that led to his eventual assassination.
Hobbes
Authors: Stephen Leslie
Published: March 2015

At the age of eighty-four, Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) wrote an autobiography in Latin elegaics. Unsurprisingly, it was not as widely read as his two great philosophical works, Leviathan and Behemoth, in which he laid out a set of sociopolitical theories that enraged many of the philosophers and moralists of Europe. In this comprehensive biography, first published in 1904, Sir Leslie Stephen (1832–1904) charts the character and changes of Hobbes' thinking, from the scholasticism of his early Oxford education, to his later devotion to geometry and deductive science. With an emphasis on personal influences, Stephen sets Hobbes and his work in the historical context of Hobbes' often difficult patrons, the Civil War, and the Restoration, providing an insight into the life of the eminent philosopher and into the tenets of early twentieth-century biographical writing. An interesting text for students of both philosophy and English literature.
Recueil des chroniques et anchiennes istories de la Grant Bretaigne, à present nommé Engleterre
Authors: Wavrin Jean de
Published: March 2015

Part of the Rolls Series of publications of historical documents, this five-volume collection, originally compiled in the fifteenth century, is the first history of England of this magnitude, spanning almost two millennia. It is the work of French knight Jean de Wavrin (c.1400–c.1473), a chronicler under Philip the Good and Charles the Bold, Dukes of Burgundy. Wavrin participated in several military expeditions, including some under the English banner, and was keen to keep the kingdom as an ally. The editor, archivist and antiquarian Sir William Hardy (1807–87), points out that Wavrin selected the best-known oral and written materials and added his own first-hand observations to tell a fascinating story with a profusion of details. Volume 3, published in 1879, begins with the death of Henry V and ends with the trial of Joan of Arc.
De la rupture des glaces du Pôle Arctique
Authors: Aubriet Antoine
Published: March 2015

In the nineteenth century, scientists were convinced that the North Pole was free of ice. This myth was fostered since the eighteenth century, when it was thought that ice came from rivers and mainly formed near coasts. Rivers supposedly carried into the north seas a prodigious amount of glaçons or 'ice cubes', which formed enormous masses of ice as they accumulated. This misconception led to an inaccurate climate theory that persisted until the beginning of the twentieth century: ice near a country's shores produces bitter cold in that country. This book, published in 1818, links the harsh winters of 1815–17 in England and Europe to the impressive amount of ice encountered at the same time in the Atlantic. The cold was thought to be caused by the break-up and southward drift of Arctic ice. It is attributed to the French meteorologist Antoine Aubriet, who was active in 1815–30.
The Collected Works of William Morris
Authors: Morris William , Morris May
Published: March 2015

A creative titan of the Victorian age, William Morris (1834–96) produced a prodigious variety of literary and artistic work in his lifetime. In addition to his achievements as a versatile designer at the forefront of the arts and crafts movement, Morris distinguished himself as a poet, translated Icelandic sagas and classical epics, wrote a series of influential prose romances, and gave lectures promoting his socialist principles. His collected works, originally published in 24 volumes between 1910 and 1915, were edited by his daughter Mary (May) Morris (1862–1938), whose introductions to each volume chart with insight and sympathy the development of her father's literary, aesthetic and political passions. Volume 17 contains the fantasy novels The Wood Beyond the World (1894) and Child Christopher and Goldilind the Fair (1895) as well as prose and verse translations of medieval French texts (1893–4).
Eadmeri historia novorum in Anglia
Authors: Eadmer
Published: March 2015

A monk of Christ Church, Canterbury, and the closest companion of St Anselm, Eadmer (c.1060–c.1126) witnessed the archbishop's disputes with William II and Henry I and accompanied him twice into exile. This edition of Anselm's biography, which Eadmer began to write during those years of exile, was published by the Rolls Series in 1884. With English side-notes to the main Latin text, it includes the Historia novorum, remarkable for its use of direct speech in relating the life of Anselm and his controversial relations with the monarchy. The Vita is a record of his private conversations, to which Eadmer attached a series of posthumous miracles. Eadmer was ordered to destroy the manuscripts by Anselm around 1100, but fortunately he retained his notes. The work is the best contemporary life of the saint, but also offers a history of Canterbury and a zealous defence of Anglo-Saxon tradition.
Tropical Nature and Other Essays
Authors: Wallace Alfred Russel
Published: March 2015

Sometimes referred to as 'the grand old man of science', Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913) was a naturalist, evolutionary theorist, and friend of Charles Darwin. In this study of tropical flora and fauna, he takes the reader on a tour of the equatorial forest belt - the almost continuous band of forest that stretches around the world between the tropics. There, chameleon-like caterpillars alter the colours of their cocoons, parasitical trees override their hosts with spectacular aerial root systems, and some of the most pressing questions of Victorian evolutionary science arise: how do animals and plants come to be brightly coloured? Can their adaptations provide clues about past geological eras? And was Darwin wholly correct in his theory of sexual selection? First published in 1878, Wallace's book is a skilfully written reflection of contemporary naturalism, still highly readable and relevant to students in the history of science.
Experimental Researches in Electricity
Authors: Faraday Michael
Published: March 2015

Originally apprenticed to a bookbinder, Michael Faraday (1791–1867) began to attend Sir Humphrey Davy's chemistry lectures purely out of interest. Although he soon recognised that science would be his vocation, there was no defined career path to follow, and when he applied to Davy for work he was gently told to 'attend to the bookbinding'. It was only after a laboratory explosion in which Davy partially lost his sight that Faraday was taken on as his amanuensis. From this difficult beginning stemmed perhaps the most famous scientific career of the nineteenth century. This three-volume collection of Faraday's papers provides a comprehensive record of a key branch of his work. Volume 2, first published in 1844, includes essays on the illusions caused by lightning, the chemistry of a voltaic pile, and his defence against accusations that the idea behind his electromagnetic motor was stolen from another physicist.
The Nautical Magazine for 1834
Authors: Various Authors
Published: March 2015

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1834 volume devotes much space to naval news, including lists of ships and their captains, courts martial, promotions and appointments, births, marriages and deaths. It discusses the use of electricity for lighthouses and of steam engines in mines and ships, reports the launch of a new steam frigate, lists recent shipwrecks, and contains the timetables for the Falmouth packet boats to the Mediterranean, North and South America, and the Caribbean. Other contributions include a list of Arctic expeditions from England, a lurid account of a Maori haka and alleged cannibalism, and proposed designs for lightning conductors aboard ship.
The Nautical Magazine and Naval Chronicle for 1839
Authors: Various Authors
Published: March 2015

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1839 volume includes coverage of the competition for the design of a Nelson memorial. It reveals that the editor was unimpressed with the shortlist and strongly disliked the eventual winner, which still stands in Trafalgar Square. Other topics include naval promotions, births, marriages and deaths, a short history of Antarctic exploration timed to coincide with the departure of the Ross expedition, reports of anti-slavery measures, and analysis of steamship accidents and their causes. The volume also continues the editor's campaign for lightning conductors on board all Navy vessels, a measure finally implemented in 1869, and provides information about new lighthouses.
History of the King's German Legion
Authors: Beamish North Ludlow
Published: March 2015

This two-volume work, published between 1832 and 1837 by the officer and antiquary North Ludlow Beamish (1797–1872), is the definitive account of what was effectively the Hanoverian army in exile. With their country overrun by Napoleon in 1803, thousands of officers and men made their way to England to form the King's German Legion (KGL), which consisted of several regiments of cavalry and infantry, as well as artillery and engineers. The KGL was a superb fighting force that saw widespread service as part of the British Army from 1804 until 1815. It provided Wellington with arguably his finest cavalry during the Peninsular War and Waterloo Campaign. Based upon eyewitness accounts and written records of the KGL's officers and men, this work remains of enduring value to military historians. Volume 1 traces the legion's progress from its formation in 1803 through to May 1811.
Prehistoric Annals of Scotland
Authors: Wilson Daniel
Published: March 2015

Born in Edinburgh, Daniel Wilson (1816–92) planned on becoming a painter and spent time working in Turner's studio. But in 1842 he became secretary of the Society of Antiquaries in Scotland and devoted the rest of his life to archaeology, anthropology and university administration. This two-volume work, first published in 1851, brought him to immediate academic attention. Carrying out pioneering work of scientific archaeology, Wilson brought the very word 'prehistoric' into use in English for the first time. And although a devout Christian, he accepted the theory of evolution, unlike many of his contemporaries. Split into four periods, the work is richly illustrated, with many of the illustrations created by the author himself. For this second edition, published in 1863, Wilson updated his work to reflect recent discoveries. Volume 1 looks at the earliest human settlers up to the Bronze Age.
A Voyage to China and the East Indies
Authors: Osbeck Pehr , Torén Olof , Ekeberg Carl Gustaf
Published: March 2015

A student of Carl Linnaeus, Pehr Osbeck (1723–1805) was a Swedish explorer, naturalist and chaplain. He travelled to Asia in 1750–2 and brought back some six hundred specimens that were included in Linnaeus' Species Plantarum (1753). His account of his voyage was published in Swedish in 1757, in German in 1765, and here in English in 1771, edited and translated by Johann Reinhold Forster (1729–98). This two-volume work also includes letters to Linnaeus by another pupil, Olof Torén (1718–53), who also travelled to the East in the early 1750s, as well as a paper on Chinese husbandry by Carl Gustaf Ekeberg (1716–84). Ekeberg made ten trips to China and India between 1742 and 1778, becoming a captain in the Swedish East India Company. He too brought back numerous specimens for Linnaeus. Volume 1, however, is given over entirely to Osbeck's narrative.