bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The First Report of Coxiella burnetii as a Potential Neglected Pathogen of Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Causes in Egypt
Authors: El-Mokhtar Mohamed A. , Sayed Ibrahim M. , Kamel Ayat M. , Mesalam Ahmed Atef , Elgohary Elsayed A. , Khalaf Khaled Abo bakr , Adel Sara , Elfadl Azza Abo , Khalifa Walaa A. , Ramadan Haidi Karam-Allah
Published: November 2022

The World Health Organization (WHO) recently alerted the emergence of new pathogens causing acute hepatitis in children across several countries. This new situation directs us to the screening of neglected pathogens that cause acute hepatitis. Q-fever is a zoonotic disease, caused by Coxiella burnetii. Although a high seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii was recorded in animals present in Egypt, Q-fever is still a neglected disease, and the diagnosis of Q-fever is not routinely performed in Egyptian hospitals. In this study, we performed a retrospective assessment for Coxiella burnetii in cases of hepatitis of unknown causes (HUC) enrolled in Assiut University hospitals, in Egypt. Out of 64 samples of HUC, 54 samples were negative for all hepatitis markers, labeled as acute hepatitis of unknown etiology (AHUE), and 10 samples tested positive for adenovirus and Hepatitis E virus (HEV). Q-fever was detected in 3 out of 54 (5.6%) of AHUE, and one sample was confirmed as coinfection of HEV/Q-fever. Jaundice was the most common clinical symptom developed in the patients. In conclusion, Coxiella burnetii was found to be a potential cause of acute hepatitis in HUC. The diagnosis of Q-fever should be considered in acute hepatitis cases in Egyptian hospitals.
Polymetallic Sulfide–Quartz Vein System in the Koudiat Aïcha Massive Sulfide Deposit, Jebilet Massif, Morocco: Microanalytical and Fluid Inclusion Approaches
Authors: Essarraj Samira , Zoheir Basem , Steele-MacInnis Matthew , Frische Matthias , Khalifa Abdelali , Ouadjou Abdelmalek
Published: November 2022

The Koudiat Aïcha Zn-Cu-Pb deposit (3–Mt ore @ 3 wt.% Zn, 1 wt.% Pb, 0.6 wt.% Cu) in the Jebilet massif (Morocco) comprises stratabound lenticular orebodies and crosscutting sulfide-bearing quartz ± carbonate veins in the lower Carboniferous Sarhlef volcano sedimentary succession. The veins are characterized by abundant pyrrhotite, sphalerite, subordinate chalcopyrite and galena and rare Ag and Au minerals. The stratabound massive sulfide ores are attributed to a “VMS” type, whereas the origin of the sulfide–quartz ± carbonate veins remains poorly understood. New mineralogical and microanalytical data (SEM, EPMA and LA-ICP-MS) combined with fluid inclusion results point to two-stage vein formation. The early stage involved C–H–O–N Variscan metamorphic fluids which percolated through fractures and shear zones and deposited pyrite at >400 °C, followed by the formation of pyrrhotite and sphalerite (300 ± 20 °C) in quartz veins and in banded and breccia ores. The pyrrhotite–sphalerite mineralization was overprinted by aqueous brines (34 to 38 wt% eq. NaCl + CaCl2) that precipitated carbonate and Cu-Pb sulfides (±Ag-Au) at ~180–210 °C through mixing with low-salinity fluids during tectonic reworking of early-formed structures and in late extension fractures. The latter ore fluids were similar to widspread post-Variscan evaporitic brines that circulated in the Central Jebilet. Overlapping or successive pulses of different ore fluids, i.e., metamorphic fluids and basinal brines, led to metal enrichment in the quartz–carbonate veins compared to the massive sulfide ores. These results underscore that even a single deposit may record several distinct mineralizing styles, such that the ultimate metal endowment may be cumulative over multiple stages.
Distinct Antifouling Mechanisms on Different Chain Densities of Zwitterionic Polymers
Authors: Regev Clil , Jiang Zhongyi , Kasher Roni , Miller Yifat
Published: November 2022

Antifouling polymer coating surfaces are used in widespread industries applications. Zwitterionic polymers have been identified as promising materials in developing polymer coating surfaces. Importantly, the density of the polymer chains is crucial for acquiring superior antifouling performance. This study introduces two different zwitterionic polymer density surfaces by applying molecular modeling tools. To assess the antifouling performance, we mimic static adsorption test, by placing the foulant model bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the surfaces. Our findings show that not only the density of the polymer chain affect antifouling performance, but also the initial orientation of the BSA on the surface. Moreover, at a high-density surface, the foulant either detaches from the surface or anchor on the surface. At low-density surface, the foulant does not detach from the surface, but either penetrates or anchors on the surface. The anchoring and the penetrating mechanisms are elucidated by the electrostatic interactions between the foulant and the surface. While the positively charged ammonium groups of the polymer play major role in the interactions with the negatively charged amino acids of the BSA, in the penetrating mechanism the ammonium groups play minor role in the interactions with the contact with the foulant. The sulfonate groups of the polymer pull the foulant in the penetrating mechanism. Our work supports the design of a high-density polymer chain surface coating to prevent fouling phenomenon. Our study provides for the first-time insights into the molecular mechanism by probing the interactions between BSA and the zwitterion surface, while testing high- and low-densities polymer chains.
Effect of Grinding Process Parameters and Storage Time on Extraction of Antioxidants from Ginger and Nutmeg
Authors: Poliński Szymon , Topka Patrycja , Tańska Małgorzata , Kowalska Sylwia , Czaplicki Sylwester , Szydłowska-Czerniak Aleksandra
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to optimize the grinding process parameters (mesh size of grinder sieve (X1), the peripheral velocity of the grinding wheels (X2)), and the storage time (X3) of ground ginger rhizome and nutmeg to obtain ethanol and ethanol-water extracts with improved antioxidant properties. The optimal conditions were estimated using response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three-variable Box–Behnken design (BBD) in order to maximize the antioxidant capacity (AC) determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods, and the total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu (F–C) method in spice extracts. Additionally, the phenolic acid profiles in extracts from optimized conditions were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). It was found that the optimal preparation conditions for antioxidant extraction were dependent on the spice source and solvent type. The best antioxidant properties in nutmeg extracts were achieved for X1 = 1.0 mm, X2 = 40–41 Hz and X3 = 7 days, whereas the optimized parameters for ginger extracts were more varied (1.0–2.0 mm, 43–50 Hz and 1–9 days, respectively). The ginger extracts contained 1.5–1.8 times more phenolic acids, and vanillic, ferulic, gallic, and p-OH-benzoic acids were dominant. In contrast, the nutmeg extracts were rich in protocatechuic, vanillic, and ferulic acids.
Effect of Process Parameters on the Graphite Expansion Produced by a Green Modification of the Hummers Method
Authors: Tarango-Rivero Gabriela , Mendoza-Duarte José M. , Santos-Beltrán Audel , Estrada-Guel Ivanovich , Garay-Reyes Carlos G. , Pizá-Ruiz Pedro , Gómez-Esparza Cynthia D. , Rocha-Rangel Enrique , Martínez-Sánchez Roberto
Published: November 2022

Adsorption stand out among other standard techniques used for water treatment because of its remarkable simplicity, easy operation, and high removal capability. Expanded graphite has been selected as a promising agent for oil spill adsorption, but its production involves the generation of corrosive remnants and massive amounts of contaminated washing waters. Although the advantageous use of the H2O2–H2SO4 mixture was described in 1978, reported works using this method are scarce. This work deals with the urgent necessity for the development of alternative chemical routes decreasing their environmental impact (based on green chemistry concepts), presenting a process for expanded graphite production using only two intercalation chemicals, reducing the consumption of sulfuric acid to only 10% and avoiding the use of strong oxidant salts (both environmentally detrimental). Three process parameters were evaluated: milling effect, peroxide concentration, and microwave expansion. Some remarkable results were obtained following this route: high specific volumes elevated oil adsorption rate exhibiting a high oil–water selectivity and rapid adsorption. Furthermore, the recycling capability was checked using up to six adsorption cycles. Results showed that milling time reduces the specimen’s expansion rate and oil adsorption capacity due to poor intercalant insertion and generation of small particle sizes.
Structure and Computational Studies of New Sulfonamide Compound: {(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl}tryptophan
Authors: Eze Florence Uchenna , Ezeorah Chigozie Julius , Ogboo Blessing Chinweotito , Okpareke Obinna Chibueze , Rhyman Lydia , Ramasami Ponnadurai , Okafor Sunday Nwankwo , Tania Groutso , Atiga Simeon , Ejiyi Thomas Ugochukwu , Ugwu Mirabel Chinasa , Uzoewulu Chiamaka Peace , Ayogu Jude Ikechukwu , Ekoh Ogechi Chinelo , Ugwu David Izuchukwu
Published: November 2022

Synthesis of sulfonamide through an indirect method that avoids contamination of the product with no need for purification has been carried out using the indirect process. Here, we report the synthesis of a novel sulfonamide compound, ({4-nitrophenyl}sulfonyl)tryptophan (DNSPA) from 4-nitrobenzenesulphonylchloride and L-tryptophan precursors. The slow evaporation method was used to form single crystals of the named compound from methanolic solution. The compound was characterized by X-ray crystallographic analysis and spectroscopic methods (NMR, IR, mass spectrometry, and UV-vis). The sulfonamide N-H NMR signal at 8.07–8.09 ppm and S-N stretching vibration at 931 cm−1 indicate the formation of the target compound. The compound crystallized in the monoclinic crystal system and P21 space group with four molecules of the compound in the asymmetric unit. Molecular aggregation in the crystal structure revealed a 12-molecule aggregate synthon sustained by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and stabilised by N-H⋯O intermolecular contacts. Experimental studies were complemented by DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. The computed structural and spectroscopic data are in good agreement with those obtained experimentally. The energies of interactions between the units making up the molecule were calculated. Molecular docking studies showed that DNSPA has a binding energy of −6.37 kcal/mol for E. coli DNA gyrase (5MMN) and −6.35 kcal/mol for COVID-19 main protease (6LU7).
Weak Noncovalent Interactions in Three Closely Related Adamantane-Linked 1,2,4-Triazole N-Mannich Bases: Insights from Energy Frameworks, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, In Silico 11β-HSD1 Molecular Docking and ADMET Prediction
Authors: Al-Wahaibi Lamya H. , Macías Mario A. , Blacque Olivier , Zondagh Luke S. , Joubert Jacques , Thamotharan Subbiah , Percino María Judith , Mohamed Ahmed A. B. , El-Emam Ali A.
Published: November 2022

Structural analysis and docking studies of three adamantane-linked 1,2,4-triazole N-Mannich bases (1–3) are presented. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 crystallized in the monoclinic P21/c, P21 and P21/n space groups, respectively. Crystal packing of 1 was stabilized by intermolecular C-H⋯O interactions, whereas compounds 2 and 3 were stabilized through intermolecular C-H⋯N, C-H⋯S and C-H⋯π interactions. The energy frameworks for crystal structures of 1–3 were described. The substituent effect on the intermolecular interactions and their contributions were described on the basis of Hirshfeld surface analyses. The 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibition potential, pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles of compounds 1–3 were determined using in silico techniques. Molecular docking of the compounds into the 11β-HSD1 active site showed comparable binding affinity scores (−7.50 to −8.92 kcal/mol) to the 11β-HSD1 co-crystallized ligand 4YQ (−8.48 kcal/mol, 11β-HSD1 IC50 = 9.9 nM). The compounds interacted with key active site residues, namely Ser170 and Tyr183, via strong hydrogen bond interactions. The predicted pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles of the compounds were assessed, and were found to exhibit excellent ADMET potential.
An Experimental Study on the Preparation of Soft Rock Similar Materials Using Redispersible Latex Powder as a Modifier
Authors: Ren Xu , Zhang Zhufang , Xiang Min , Xu Guihong , Cao Wenze
Published: November 2022

The engineering geological problems of soft rock are common in large slope engineering and underground engineering surrounding rock. In order to study the change in mechanical properties of soft rock under the action of loading, excavation and rainfall, this paper carried out experimental research on similar materials of soft rock. The similar material of soft rock is prepared by using iron fine powder, barite powder and quartz sand as aggregate, gypsum as binder and redispersible latex powder as regulator. A single-factor influence test was designed with the content of redispersible latex powder as variation parameter. Analysis the influence of redispersible latex powder from the perspectives of physical and mechanical indexes, failure forms, stress–strain states and changes after water seepage. In addition, evaluate the feasibility of this similar material in geomechanical model test. Experimental results show that the density, compressive strength and Poisson’s ratio of similar materials can be improved to a certain extent by the redispersible latex powder with low dosage. However, the above indexes show a significant downward trend with the increase in dosage when the dosage exceeds 2%. The deformation modulus always shows a downward trend, and this trend becomes more significant especially when the dosage exceeds 2%. With the increase in the redispersible latex powder, the stress–strain curves of similar materials show obvious elastic and plastic stages. The failure mode gradually changes to X-shaped conjugate failure, which is common in soft rock, and the material changes from brittle failure to plastic failure. In addition, this type of similar material with gypsum as cementing agent will cause serious damage and loss of bearing capacity after seepage. These methods produce similar materials with low strength, low deformation modulus and plastic failure form, which can be used to simulate the stability of soft rock engineering caused by loading or excavation. At the same time, it also sheds lights on preparing similar materials of hard rock.
A Detailed Study of Electronic and Dynamic Properties of Noble Gas–Oxygen Molecule Adducts
Authors: Costa Caio Vinícius Sousa , de Jesus Guilherme Carlos Carvalho , de Macedo Luiz Guilherme Machado , Pirani Fernando , Gargano Ricardo
Published: November 2022

In this work, the binding features of adducts formed by a noble gas (Ng = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn) atom and the oxygen molecule (O2) in its ground Σg−3, in the past target of several experimental studies, have been characterized under different theoretical points of view to clarify fundamental aspects of the intermolecular bond. For the most stable configuration of all Ng–O2 systems, binding energy has been calculated at the theory’s CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level and compared with the experimental findings. Rovibrational energies, spectroscopic constants, and lifetime as a function of temperature were also evaluated by adopting properly formulated potential energy curves. The nature of the interaction involved was deeply investigated using charge displacement analysis, symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT), and natural bond orbital (NBO) methods. In all adducts, it was found that the charge transfer plays a minor role, although O2 is an open shell species exhibiting a positive electron affinity. Obtained results also indicate that the dispersion attraction contribution is the main responsible for the complex stability.
Curcumin and Its Derivatives Induce Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells by Mobilizing and Redox Cycling Genomic Copper Ions
Authors: Alhasawi Mohammed Ahmed Ismail , Aatif Mohammad , Muteeb Ghazala , Alam Mir Waqas , Oirdi Mohamed El , Farhan Mohd
Published: November 2022

Turmeric spice contains curcuminoids, which are polyphenolic compounds found in the Curcuma longa plant’s rhizome. This class of molecules includes curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Using prostate cancer cell lines PC3, LNCaP, DU145, and C42B, we show that curcuminoids inhibit cell proliferation (measured by MTT assay) and induce apoptosis-like cell death (measured by DNA/histone ELISA). A copper chelator (neocuproine) and reactive oxygen species scavengers (thiourea for hydroxyl radical, superoxide dismutase for superoxide anion, and catalase for hydrogen peroxide) significantly inhibit this reaction, thus demonstrating that intracellular copper reacts with curcuminoids in cancer cells to cause DNA damage via ROS generation. We further show that copper-supplemented media sensitize normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) to curcumin-mediated growth inhibition, as determined by decreased cell proliferation. Copper supplementation results in increased expression of copper transporters CTR1 and ATP7A in MCF-10A cells, which is attenuated by the addition of curcumin in the medium. We propose that the copper-mediated, ROS-induced mechanism of selective cell death of cancer cells may in part explain the anticancer effects of curcuminoids.
First Evidence of Anti-Steatotic Action of Macrotympanain A1, an Amphibian Skin Peptide from Odorrana macrotympana
Authors: Demori Ilaria , El Rashed Zeinab , De Negri Atanasio Giulia , Parodi Alice , Millo Enrico , Salis Annalisa , Costa Andrea , Rosa Giacomo , Zanotti Russo Matteo , Salvidio Sebastiano , Cortese Katia , Grasselli Elena
Published: November 2022

Many different amphibian skin peptides have been characterized and proven to exert various biological actions, such as wound-healing, immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. In this work, the possible anti-steatotic effect of macrotympanain A1 (MA1) (FLPGLECVW), a skin peptide isolated from the Chinese odorous frog Odorrana macrotympana, was investigated. We used a well-established in vitro model of hepatic steatosis, consisting of lipid-loaded rat hepatoma FaO cells. In this model, a 24 h treatment with 10 µg/mL MA1 exerted a significant anti-steatotic action, being able to reduce intracellular triglyceride content. Accordingly, the number and diameter of cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) were reduced by peptide treatment. The expression of key genes of hepatic lipid metabolism, such as PPARs and PLINs, was measured by real-time qPCR. MA1 counteracted the fatty acid-induced upregulation of PPARγ expression and increased PLIN3 expression, suggesting a role in promoting lipophagy. The present data demonstrate for the first time a direct anti-steatotic effect of a peptide from amphibian skin secretion and pave the way to further studies on the use of amphibian peptides for beneficial actions against metabolic diseases.
The Role of Nanoengineered Biochar Activated with Fe for Sulfanilamide Removal from Soils and Water
Authors: Gámiz Beatriz , Velarde Pilar , Spokas Kurt A. , Cox Lucía
Published: November 2022

Biochar is a nanoengineered sorbent proposed to control the contamination derived from the presence of residual concentrations of sulfonamides in soil. In this work, we evaluated the sorption of sulfanilamide (SFA) in commercial biochar (BC) produced at 500 °C from oak hardwood (Quercus ilex) and its analog activated with 2% (w/w) Fe (BC-Fe). Subsequently, the effect on dissipation and transport of SFA in untreated soil and soil treated with BC and BC-Fe was also assessed. Laboratory batch studies revealed that BC-Fe increased the sorption of SFA as compared to the pristine BC with Kd of 278 and 98 L/kg, respectively. The dissipation of SFA in either untreated soil or soil treated with BC or BC-Fe was similar, displaying half-lives ranging between 4 and 6.4 days. Conversely, the concurrent determination of sorption during the incubation experiment showed that lower amounts of SFA in solution at the beginning of the experiments were bioavailable in BC-Fe-treated soil when compared to the rest of the treatments shortly after application. Leaching column studies confirmed the amendment’s capability to bind the SFA compound. Therefore, the decrease in bioavailability and movement of SFA in treated soils suggest that biochar soil application can reduce SFA soil and water contamination. According to our results, BC surface modification after Fe activation may be more appropriate for water decontamination than for soil since there were no significant differences between the two types of biochar when added to the soil. Therefore, these outcomes should be considered to optimize the SFA mitigation potential of biochar.
An Efficient, Simultaneous Electrochemical Assay of Rosuvastatin and Ezetimibe from Human Urine and Serum Samples
Authors: Karadurmus Leyla , Kurbanoglu Sevinc , Uslu Bengi , Ozkan Sibel A.
Published: November 2022

The drug combination of rosuvastatin (ROS) and ezetimibe (EZE) is used to treat hypercholesterolemia. In this work, a simultaneous electrochemical examination of ROS and EZE was conducted for the first time. The electrochemical determination of ROS and EZE was carried out using adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry (AdSDPV) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in 0.1 M H2SO4. The effects of the pH, scan rate, deposition potential, and time on the detection of ROS and EZE were analyzed. Under optimum conditions, the developed sensor exhibited a linear response between 1.0 × 10−6 M and 2.5 × 10−5 M for EZE and 5.0 × 10−6 M, and 1.25 × 10−5 M for ROS. The detection limits for ROS and EZE were 3.0 × 10−7 M and 2.0 × 10−6 M, respectively. The developed sensor was validated in terms of linear range, accuracy, precision, the limit of determination (LOD), and the limit of quantification (LOQ), and it was evaluated according to ICH Guidelines and USP criteria. The proposed method was also used to determine ROS and EZE in human urine and serum samples, which are reported in terms of recovery studies.
Efficient Catalytic Degradation of Selected Toxic Dyes by Green Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Cestrum nocturnum L.
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Dixit Jyoti , Singh Amit Kumar , Rajput Vishnu D. , Verma Pooja , Tiwari Kavindra Nath , Mishra Sunil Kumar , Minkina Tatiana , Mandzhieva Saglara
Published: November 2022

In the present study, the catalytic degradation of selected toxic dyes (methylene blue, 4-nitrophenol, 4-nitroaniline, and congo red) using biosynthesized green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of Cestrum nocturnum L. was successfully performed. These AgNPs are efficiently synthesized when a reaction mixture containing 5 mL of aqueous extract (3%) and 100 mL of silver nitrate (1 mM) is exposed under sunlight for 5 min. The synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed based on the change in the color of the reaction mixture from pale yellow to dark brown, with maximum absorbance at 455 nm. Obtained NPs were characterized by different techniques, i.e., FTIR, XRD, HR-TEM, HR-SEM, SAED, XRD, EDX, AFM, and DLS. Green synthesized AgNPs were nearly mono-dispersed, smooth, spherical, and crystalline in nature. The average size of the maximum number of AgNPs was 77.28 ± 2.801 nm. The reduction of dyes using a good reducing agent (NaBH4) was tested. A fast catalytic degradation of dyes took place within a short period of time when AgNPs were added in the reaction mixture in the presence of NaBH4. As a final recommendation, Cestrum nocturnum aqueous leaf extract-mediated AgNPs could be effectively implemented for environmental rehabilitation because of their exceptional performance. This can be utilized in the treatment of industrial wastewater through the breakdown of hazardous dyes.
Usefulness of Midline Catheters versus Peripheral Venous Catheters in an Inpatient Unit: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Villalba-Nicolau Marcela , Chover-Sierra Elena , Saus-Ortega Carlos , Ballestar-Tarín Maria Luisa , Chover-Sierra Pilar , Martínez-Sabater Antonio
Published: November 2022

Canalization of vascular accesses is one of the most used techniques in hospitalization units. When talking about peripherally inserted catheters, we can differentiate between peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVC), midline catheters, and long peripheral catheters (LPC). Midline catheters are rarely used despite being recommended for intravenous therapies lasting more than six days. This research is a pilot study of a longitudinal clinical trial. It aims to compare the complications associated with intravenous therapy between the control group (CG) with a PIVC and the experimental group (EG) with a midline in an Internal Medicine Unit of a Spanish hospital for three months. In this study, 44 subjects participated, 25 in the CG and 19 in the EG. The duration of cannulation was longer in the experimental group (8.13 days vs. 3.22, p < 0.001), and the appearance of phlebitis was more significant in the control group (19 patients in CG and 25 patients in EG). Midlines have presented a longer duration of cannulation and fewer complications than the PIVC. This protocol was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05512117).
Development, Optimisation and Validation of a Novel Multiplex Real-Time PCR Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Dientamoeba fragilis
Authors: Sánchez Isbene , Dashti Alejandro , Köster Pamela C. , Bailo Begoña , González Nuria , Allende Janire , Stensvold Christen Rune , Carmena David , González-Barrio David
Published: November 2022

The enteric protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Dientamoeba fragilis are—to various extents—contributors to the burden of gastrointestinal illness in high-income countries. Detection of these pathogens by microscopy examination is challenging because of the limited sensitivity and need for specific staining procedures. We developed and optimised a new multiplex real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis and D. fragilis in clinical (stool) samples. The diagnostic performance of the assay was evaluated against a large panel of well-characterised DNA samples positive for Cryptosporidium spp. (n = 126), G. duodenalis (n = 132) and D. fragilis (n = 49). The specificity of the test was assessed against a DNA panel from other intestinal or phylogenetically related parasites (n = 105) and faecal DNA from individuals without clinical manifestations (n = 12). The assay exhibited a diagnostic sensitivity of 0.90–0.97 and a diagnostic specificity of 1. The limit of detection was estimated for Cryptosporidium (1 oocyst) and G. duodenalis (5 × 10−4 cysts). The method allowed the detection of four Cryptosporidium species (C. hominis, C. parvum, C. meleagridis and C. cuniculus) and five G. duodenalis assemblages (A–E) without cross-reacting with other parasites belonging to the phyla Amoebozoa, Apicomplexa, Euglenozoa, Microsporidia, Nematoda and Platyhelminthes. This newly developed multiplex real-time PCR assay represents a novel alternative for the rapid and accurate detection of Cryptosporidium, G. duodenalis and D. fragilis in clinical settings.
Responses of Forest Net Primary Productivity to Climatic Factors in China during 1982–2015
Authors: Du Ziqiang , Liu Xuejia , Wu Zhitao , Zhang Hong , Zhao Jie
Published: November 2022

Forest ecosystems play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Clarifying the large-scale dynamics of net primary productivity (NPP) and its correlation with climatic factors is essential for national forest ecology and management. Hence, this study aimed to explore the effects of major climatic factors on the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA) model-estimated NPP of the entire forest and all its corresponding vegetation types in China from 1982 to 2015. The spatiotemporal patterns of interannual variability of forest NPP were illustrated using linear regression and geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis. The correlations between forest NPP and climatic factors were evaluated using partial correlation analysis and sliding correlation analysis. We found that over thirty years, the average annual NPP of the forests was 887 × 1012 g C/a, and the average annual NPP per unit area was 650.73 g C/m2/a. The interannual NPP of the entire forest and all its corresponding vegetation types significantly increased (p < 0.01). The increase in the NPP of evergreen broad-leaved forests was markedly substantial among forest types. From the spatial perspective, the NPP of the entire forest vegetation gradually increased from northwest to southeast. Over the years, the proportions of the entire forest and all its corresponding vegetation types with a considerable increase in NPP were higher than those with a significant decrease, indicating, generally, improvements in forest NPP. We also found climatic factors variably affected the NPP of forests over time considering that the rise in temperature and solar radiation improved the interannual forest NPP, and the decline in precipitation diminished the forest NPP. Such varying strength of the relationship between the interannual forest NPP and climatic factors also varied across many forest types. Understanding the spatiotemporal pattern of forest NPP and its varying responses to climatic change will improve our knowledge to manage forest ecosystems and maintain their sustainability under a changing environment.
Production of Nematicidal Pinosylvin Stilbenes in Cell Suspension Cultures of Pinus koraiensis by Fungal Elicitation
Authors: Kim Yi Rae , Han Jung Yeon , Choi Yong Eui
Published: November 2022

Pinosylvin stilbenes are natural phenolic compounds found in the Pinaceae family and act as phytoalexins. Some pinosylvin stilbenes have strong nematicidal activity against pine wood nematodes (PWNs: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). Here, we established the efficient production of two pinosylvin stilbenes, dihydropinosylvin monomethylether (DPME) and pinosylvin monomethylether (PME), by cell suspension culture of Pinus koraiensis after fungal elicitation. DPME and PME were found in small amounts (less than 40 µg/g DW) in the stem bark and leaves of P. koraiensis plants. Cell suspension cultures were established from the cultures of calli derived from mature zygotic embryos of P. koraiensis in 1/2 Litvay medium containing 2.2 μM 2,4-D and 2.2 μM BA. Two types of fungal elicitors, fungal cell extract (CE) and fungal medium filtrate (MF), were prepared from three species of fungi (Penicillium chrysogenum, P. pinophilum, and P. roquefortii). CE and MF treatments strongly stimulated the production of PME and DPME in cultured cells. The production of PME in suspension cells of P. chrysogenum, P. pinophilum, and P. roquefortii MF treatments after 3 days was 5734 µg/g DW, 4051 µg/g DW, and 6724 µg/g DW, respectively. Pinosylvin synthase (PkSTS) and pinosylvin O-methyltransferase (PkPMT) are key genes in DPME and PME biosynthesis. qPCR analysis revealed that the expression of the PkSTS and PkPMT in cultured cells was highly enhanced after fungal elicitor treatment. The cell extracts after MF treatment resulted in 92.5 ± 7.8% immobilization of the adult PWNs and 63.7 ± 3.5% immobilization of the juvenile PWNs within 24 h. However, control cell extracts without MF treatment showed 11.3 ± 1.4% nematicidal activity against adult PWNs. Our results suggest that pinosylvin stilbenes can be produced from the cell culture of P. koraiensis after fungal elicitor treatment and can be used as nematicidal compounds against PWNs.
Tracing the Evolution of the SEPALLATA Subfamily across Angiosperms Associated with Neo- and Sub-Functionalization for Reproductive and Agronomically Relevant Traits
Authors: Dreni Ludovico , Ferrándiz Cristina
Published: November 2022

SEPALLATA transcription factors (SEP TFs) have been extensively studied in angiosperms as pivotal components of virtually all the MADS-box tetrameric complex master regulators of floral organ identities. However, there are published reports that suggest that some SEP members also regulate earlier reproductive events, such as inflorescence meristem determinacy and inflorescence architecture, with potential for application in breeding programs in crops. The SEP subfamily underwent a quite complex pattern of duplications during the radiation of the angiosperms. Taking advantage of the many whole genomic sequences now available, we present a revised and expanded SEP phylogeny and link it to the known functions of previously characterized genes. This snapshot supports the evidence that the major SEP3 clade is highly specialized for the specification of the three innermost floral whorls, while its sister LOFSEP clade is functionally more versatile and has been recruited for diverse roles, such as the regulation of extra-floral bract formation and inflorescence determinacy and shape. This larger pool of angiosperm SEP genes confirms previous evidence that their evolution was driven by whole-genome duplications rather than small-scale duplication events. Our work may help to identify those SEP lineages that are the best candidates for the improvement of inflorescence traits, even in far distantly related crops.
Experimental and Modeling Study on Cr(VI) Migration from Slag into Soil and Groundwater
Authors: Wu Xiange , Ye Tiantian , Xie Chunsheng , Li Kun , Liu Chang , Yang Zhihui , Han Rui , Wu Honghua , Wang Zhenxing
Published: November 2022

The transport and prediction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contamination in “slag–soil–groundwater” is one with many uncertainties. Based on the column experiments, a migration model for Cr(VI) in the slag–soil–groundwater system was investigated. The hydraulic conductivity (Kt), distribution coefficient (Kd), retardation factor (Rd), and other hydraulic parameters were estimated in a laboratory. Combining these hydraulic parameters with available geological and hydrogeological data for the study area, the groundwater flow and Cr(VI) migration model were developed for assessing groundwater contamination. Subsequently, a Cr(VI) migration model was developed to simulate the transport of Cr(VI) in the slag–soil–groundwater system and predict the effect of three different control programs for groundwater contamination. The results showed that the differences in the measured and predicted groundwater head values were all less than 3 m. The maximum and minimum differences in Cr(VI) between the measured and simulated values were 1.158 and 0.001 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, the harmless treatment of Cr(VI) slag considerably improved the quality of groundwater in the surrounding areas. The results of this study provided a reliable mathematical model for transport process analysis and prediction of Cr(VI) contamination in a slag–soil–groundwater system.
Data-Driven Evaluation of the Synergetic Development of Regional Carbon Emissions in the Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Guo Yuxia , Hu Fagang , Xie Jun , Liu Conghu , Yang Yaliu , Ding Heping , Wu Xue
Published: November 2022

Evaluating the degree of coordination among regional carbon emission systems is key to achieving an earlier carbon peak and carbon neutrality. However, quantifying the co-evolution of carbon emissions among regions is challenging. Therefore, we propose a data-driven method for evaluating the synergetic development of the regional carbon emission composite system. First, the proposed method employs relevant data to calculate the carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity of each subsystem within the region to describe the temporal trends. The inverse entropy weight method is then used to assign weight to each order parameter of the subsystem for data processing. Then, we perform synergetic development assessment of the composite system to measure the order degree of each subsystem, the degree of synergy among subsystems, and the overall synergetic degree of the temporal evolution of carbon emissions between regions. Finally, the evaluation results can be used to suggest measures for the regional coordinated reduction of carbon emissions. In this study, we used data from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region from 2010 to 2019 to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. The results show that there is still a long way to go to reduce carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Delta region. Economic development still relies heavily on fossil energy consumption, and the regional carbon emission reduction synergy is not high. This study provides theoretical and methodological support for regional carbon emission reduction. Moreover, the proposed method can be applied to other regions to explore low-carbon and sustainable development options.
Pressure Fluctuation–Vorticity Interaction in the Volute of Centrifugal Pump as Hydraulic Turbines (PATs)
Authors: Lin Tong , Zhang Jianrong , Li Jian , Li Xiaojun , Zhu Zuchao
Published: November 2022

The pump as turbines (PATs) has been widely used in the petrochemical, seawater desalination, and mining industries. Volutes are critical components for flow guidance and energy conversion in the PATs. Therefore, its inner flow characteristic could significantly influence the hydraulic turbine system stability. To reveal the vortex evolution, pressure pulsation characteristics, and the interaction between the two in the volute of PATs, a single-stage cantilever hydraulic turbine is investigated by the numerical and experiment method. The effect of impeller rotation on vorticity distribution and pressure fluctuation intensity in volute is analyzed based on the numerical simulation results. By clarifying the frequency components corresponding to local high amplitude vorticity and pressure pulsations, the relationship between vortex evolution and pressure pulsations is established. The results showed that the dominant frequency of pressure pulsation in the circumferential direction of the volute is 6fn under different operating conditions, and the pressure pulsation characteristics in the inlet section of the volute were less affected by the rotor–stator interaction. Under Qb and 1.3Qb conditions, the vorticity pulsation near the walls in the circumferential direction of the volute had less effect on local pressure pulsation characteristics. The evolution of vorticity at the leading edge of the volute tongue intensified the local pressure pulsations as the flow rate increased. Under 0.7Qb conditions, the vorticity pulsation characteristics in the volute are complex and have a relatively significant influence on local pressure pulsation.
Comparative assessment of the quality of life, sleep, and psycho-emotional stress in students in distance and blended learning
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Geyko E. G. , Radysh I. V. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Artemieva M. S. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Snegireva T. G. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Lyapunova T. V. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow
Published: November 2022

Quality of life, emotional state, and sleep are closely related to the process of education and successful mastering of disciplines within the framework of the main curriculum in a higher educational institution. Student academic performance, working capacity, and health depend on the quality of the parameters listed above. Since March 2020, the world has been facing the SARSCoV-2 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed significantly the socio-economic and political situation in countries and affected the way of life of the whole world. Changes have taken place in the educational process as well; the integration of distance learning technologies and the global digitalization of the learning process have affected all countries. Purpose of the study. To compare the quality of life, sleep, and psychological health in students enrolled in higher nursing education programs during periods of distance and blended education. Materials and methods. The study was conducted from September to May of the 2021–2022 academic year. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, students had distance and blended forms of education. The study involved 1st and 2nd year students enrolled in higher nursing education programs at the Department of Nursing Management, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. The study used the following questionnaires: Medical Outcomes Study 36‑Item Short Form Survey, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS), Pittsburgh questionnaire on determination of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results. Due to the transition and adaptation of students to distance learning at the university during the period of social isolation, violation of the generally accepted schedule of classes and physical activity, physical inactivity, a large load on the musculoskeletal system and vision, as well as digital load, students began to notice a decrease in the psycho-emotional state, mild depression, apathy, decreased motivation to learn, increased mental fatigue, cognitive disorders, disturbed night sleep and insomnia. According to the results of the study, the quality of life, physical and mental health, psycho-emotional well-being, general mood, sleep quality and its characteristics are significantly better among students with a blended form of education compared to distance learning
Analysis of the Gomel Region population mortality from nervous system diseases and mental and behavioral disorders in 2017–2019
Authors:   Educational Institution «Gomel State Medical University», Gomel, Belarus, Ostrovskiy A. M. , Kolyada I. N. ,   Educational Institution «Gomel State Medical University», Gomel, Belarus
Published: November 2022

The article presents the results of the analysis of the Gomel Region population mortality from nervous system diseases and mental and behavioral disorders in 2017–2019. During the analyzed period, a statistically significant decrease in the Gomel Region population mortality from mental and behavioral disorders was registered, including among people over working age. The death rate of the rural population of the Gomel Region due to nervous system diseases in 2019 was 1.9 times higher than the death rate of the urban population. The highest mortality rates caused by nervous system diseases in urban and rural population were noted in the Chechersk district, while the highest mortality rates caused by mental and behavioral disorders in urban population were observed in the Chechersk district, and in rural population — in the Loev district of the Gomel Region. The highest mortality rate due to nervous system diseases among the working age population was noted in the Yelsk district, and due to mental and behavioral disorders — in the Korma district of the Gomel Region. The highest mortality rates caused by nervous system diseases, mental and behavioral disorders of the population over working age were registered in the Chechersk region. The recommendations aimed at reducing mortality from the described pathologies in this region are given.
Economic Studies of Small-Scale Fishers: A Comparison of Methodologies
Authors: POMEROY ROBERT S.
Published: November 2022

This paper discusses economic field data collection and analysis methodologies developed for a production and marketing study of a small-scale fishery in Matalom. Leyte, Philippines. The field data collection methodology is built around the use of a record keeping system. The economic analysis method makes use of budgeting techniques for the production study; and descriptive, organizational, and price efficiency techniques for the marketing study. These methods are then compared to economic data collection and analysis methods used by researchers in three other projects on small-scale fisheries in the Philippines, Costa Rica and India.
Increased Pellet Water Stability by the Supplementation of Phospholipid and Its Effects on Shrimp Growth
Authors: CHEN HOUNG-YUNG , JENN JAN-SHYONG
Published: November 2022

The effects of phospholipid supplementation on feed pellet water stability and growth performance of juvenile Penaeus penicillatus were studied. Pellet leaching rates were used to indicate pellet water stability. The results show that the presence of phospholipid in the diets significantly improved pellet water stability and shrimp growth. Increased supplements resulted in con-esponding increase in pellet stability but not additional weight gain. Improved diet water stability is one important reason why phospholipid supplementation enhances shrimp growth.
Representações sociais de alunos do ensino médio de escolas públicas sobre a universidade
Authors:   , Galvão Mariana Brasil
Published: November 2022

A forte relação entre educação e desenvolvimento social, que existe na sociedade, faz com que essa se apresente como uma grande possibilidade de mudança na vida das pessoas, e, por isso, os alunos depositam na escola e na educação a esperança de conseguir um status social mais reconhecido e empregos mais qualificados. Esses alunos têm o direito e devem ter a possibilidade de cursar uma universidade. O objetivo desse trabalho é compreender como os estudantes de escolas públicas veem a universidade pública. Parte-se da ideia inicial de que o público-alvo deseja chegar à universidade, mas acredita que esse espaço é inalcançável para a realidade deles. A partir de entrevistas, que foram realizadas com 11 alunos do ensino médio de escolas públicas do município de Juiz de Fora, foram discutidos dois pontos principais: se esses estudantes veem a universidade pública como uma possibilidade e, caso vejam a universidade como uma possibilidade, como a veem. A investigação realizada foi do tipo qualitativa, com as entrevistas seguindo um roteiro semiestruturado. Devido à pandemia do Covid-19, todas as entrevistas foram realizadas por meio do aplicativo WhatsApp. Cinco entrevistas foram realizadas por chamada de vídeo, três por troca de áudios e outras três por mensagem de texto. A hipótese desse trabalho foi contrariada pelas 11 entrevistas realizadas, nas quais nove estudantes deixaram visível em suas falas que percebem a universidade como uma possibilidade e buscam isso de diferentes formas. Os dois alunos restantes, ainda que não tenham a universidade como o plano principal para após a conclusão do ensino médio, a colocam como uma segunda opção, mostrando que também a veem como uma possibilidade. Todos os estudantes estão buscando desvios na trajetória de suas famílias, pois são filhos de pais que não cursaram a universidade, mas têm esse objetivo. Mesmo aqueles que não têm a universidade como primeira opção, desejam a aprovação em concursos, visando garantir a estabilidade que não veem na vida de seus pais. Para isso, são mobilizados pelos estudantes e seus pais diferentes tipos de estratégias, como mudança de cidade, busca por escolas que reconhecidamente possuam um melhor ensino, pagamento de cursinho preparatório, gastos com transporte público, além do investimento em tempo e abdicação de outras atividades. Os investimentos realizados pelos estudantes e suas famílias, sejam eles quais forem, visam os lucros que esperam obter em médio ou em longo prazo do mercado escolar, por perceberem reais possibilidades desse retorno, devido a um histórico de êxito estudantil ao longo da vida escolar desses estudantes.
Identificação da situação da cobertura da vacina Pneumocócica 10-Valente, no município de Juiz de Fora
Authors:   , Vale Mara Lúcia Fernandes do
Published: November 2022

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