bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluxos de conhecimento em parques tecnológicos: considerações sobre os diversos tipos de proximidade
Authors: Lundgren Karla Inez Leitão , La Rovere Renata Lèbre
Published: April 2018

Conforme os conceitos do Triângulo de Sábato e da Hélice-Tríplice de Etzkowitz, um polo tecnológico é uma área onde há interação entre universidades, institutos de pesquisa, companhias e governo, a fim de desenvolver inovação. Os estudos de Malerba e Vonortas, sobre os sistemas setoriais de inovação e produção, sugerem que companhias multinacionais, com subsidiárias localizadas em vários países, desenvolvem efetivos fluxos de conhecimento, baseados em redes de trabalho, contribuindo para a ideia de que a proximidade geográfica, embora importante, não é essencial, ressaltando o estudo da proximidade relacional. Nesse contexto, este artigo pretende apresentar outros tipos de proximidades, assim como o papel das redes de cooperação no desenvolvimento dos fluxos de conhecimento dentro dos polos tecnológicos. Serão utilizados os casos de empresas localizadas no Parque Tecnológico de São José dos Campos para a discussão sobre proximidades e redes em polos tecnológicos.
FLYPAPER EFFECT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF INDONESIA CASE (2004 – 2010)
Authors: Mutiary Lili
Published: April 2018

Flypaper effect is a well-known phenomenon in public finance with regard to intergovernmental transfer. It exists when an increase in grants is more stimulative than a similar increase in income towards the local government (recipient’s) expenditure. Numerous studies had occurred to both identify the existence of flypaper effect as well as to determine the cause. Most researchers worldwide disagree about the existence and even more disagree upon different results regarding the existence and the cause of different results. Two studies had been done in Indonesia within municipalities and they resulted in differing conclusions of the existence. This study is meant to identify flypaper effect within provincial level using what is hoped to be the proper way to investigate the existence.
PENTINGNYA PARTISIPASI DAN PERANAN KELEMBAGAAN POLITIK DALAM PROSES PEMBUATAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK
Authors: Iskandar Dadi Junaedi
Published: April 2018

Model ruang publisitas untuk menghasilkan kebijakan public efektif, pelaksanaannya perlu dikemas secara tepat dalam berbagai bentuk dan aktivitas yang meletakan posisi warga negara (citizen) sebagai sumber utama kekuatan demokratisasi politik. Sebab, demokrasi sejatinya merupakan manifestasi akuntabilitas politik yang bersandar pada kebaikan bersama. Dengan adanya perubahan dalam pola governance, maka partisipasi menjadi instrumen  penting bekerjanya civil society dalam setiap proses perencanaan program pembangunan, implementasi hingga pengawasan kebijakan publik.Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif mengenai dimensi partisipasi civil society, dan faktor government yang bekerja secara kolaboratif dalam pembangunan politik demokrasi, perlu didukung oleh peran optimal kelembagaan politik dalam proses pembuatan kebijakan publik. Metode yang digunakan yakni dengan cara mengumpulkan  berbagai sumber informasi yang relevan dengan masalah yang dikaji. Melalui studi literatur terhadap masalah demokrasi, partisipasi, kebijakan publik dan peran kelembagaan politik, peneliti dapat mengumpulkan informasi mengenai gambaran gejala atau keadaan yang terjadi dalam kehidupan politik kontemporer untuk dapat mengeksplorasi dan mengklarifikasi fenomena yang terjadi dewasa ini.Hasil kajian menunjukkan, bahwa akuntabilitas politik yang bersandar pada kebaikan bersama sangat ditentukan oleh kesadaran dan partisipasi rakyat dalam penyelenggaraan urusan publik, termasuk memiliki kemampuan untuk berurusan dengan pemerintah dan institusi demokrasi lainnya guna meningkatkan kontrol publik yang berorientasi pada kebutuhan, nilai atau kesempatan melalui tindakan partisipatoris di dalam kelembagaan politik demokrasi
ANALISIS KOMPARATIF PENGATURAN DIMENSI ORGANISASI KPU SEBAGAI PENYELENGGARA PEMILU PADA UNDANG-UNDANG DI ERA PEMERINTAHAN PASCAORDE BARU
Authors: Sudrajat Tatang
Published: April 2018

Beberapa undang-undang terkait pemilu yang terbit pada era pemerintahan pasca-Orde Baru telah memberi landasan kuat bagi pemilu yang makin demokratis, dan penyelenggara pemilu merupakan aspek strategis bagi keberlanjutannya. Karena itu, penting adanya analisis komparatif pengaturan dimensi-dimensi organisasi penyelenggara dalam undang-undang tersebut. Dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan teknik kepustakaan, studi dokumenter dan analisis isi, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sembilan undang-undang yang pernah dan masih berlaku pada era pemerintahan pasca-Orde Baru memuat pengaturan dimensi organisasi, baik dimensi struktural maupun kontekstual. Dimensi struktural meliputi formalisasi, spesialisasi, sentralisasi, standardisasi, hirarki kewenangan, kompleksitas, profesionalisme, sedangkan dimensi kontekstual meliputi ukuran organisasi, teknologi organisasi dan lingkungan. Dua undang-undang tentang Penyelenggara Pemilu yaitu UU Nomor 22 Tahun 2007 dan UU Nomor 15 Tahun 2011 lebih  lengkap dan memadai memuat berbagai dimensi organisasi dibandingkan dengan tujuh undang-undang lainnya (UU Nomor 3 Tahun 1999,  UU Nomor 12 Tahun 2003, UU Nomor 23 Tahun 2003, UU Nomor 32 Tahun 2004,  UU Nomor 10 Tahun 2008, UU Nomor 42 Tahun 2008,  dan UU Nomor 1 Tahun 2015).Ada tiga dimensi organisasi yang terkandung penuh dalam kesembilan undang-undang tersebut, yaitu spesialisasi, teknologi organisasi dan lingkungan, sehingga oleh karenanya jauh lebih lengkap dibandingkan dengan dimensi lainnya, khususnya dimensi profesionalisme, dimensi sentralisasi dan konfigurasi. Terdapat beberapa inkonsistensi dan permasalahan substantif terkait penyelenggara pemilu dalam UU Nomor 15 tahun 2011 yang saat ini menjadi pedoman pengaturan berbagai dimensi organisasi penyelenggara pemilu. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar UU Nomor 15 Tahun 2011 disempurnakan untuk lebih mengakomodasi beberapa dimensi organisasi yang pengaturannya belum memadai. Diantaranya berkaitan dengan ukuran organisasi (kesesuaian jumlah anggota dengan kondisi geografis), profesionalisme (tingkat pendidikan dan kesesuaian bidang ilmu) dan sentralisasi (proses, bentuk, dan jenis keputusan organisasi).Kata kunci : organisasi, dimensi organisasi, pemilu
MODEL PENGUATAN KORELASI ANTARA SISTEM PERENCANAAN DAN PENGANGGARAN PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR PERMUKIMAN DI LINGKUNGAN DIREKTORAT JENDERAL CIPTA KARYA
Authors: Sulasdi Widyo Nugroho , Ratnawulan Yuke , Afandi Muhamad Nur
Published: April 2018

Perubahan paradigma pembangunan nasional, dari sentralisasi menjadi desentralisasi, menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan pendekatan pada sistem perencanaan dan penganggaran. Pada era otonomi daerah saat ini, sebagian besar kewenangan pembangunan infrastruktur permukiman telah menjadi kewenangan Pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota, sesuai dengan PP No. 38 Tahun 2007 tentang Pembagian Urusan Pemerintahan antara Pemerintah, Pemerintahan Daerah Provinsi, dan Pemerintahan Daerah Kabupaten/Kota.Sistem Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional saat ini mengacu pada Undang-Undang No. 25 Tahun 2004, yaitu setiap tingkatan pemerintahan, baik Pusat, Provinsi, maupun Kabupaten/Kota, harus menyusun Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang (RPJP), Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah (RPJM), serta Rencana Kerja Pembangunan (RKP) yang bersifat tahunan. Di sisi lain, Undang-Undang No. 26 Tahun 2007 mengamanatkan penyusunan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) pada masing-masing tingkatan pemerintahan. Pada beberapa hal, seringkali dokumen rencana sektoral pada RPJM dan rencana spasial pada RTRW menghasilkan indikasi program yang tidak sinkron satu sama lain.Proses penganggaran pembangunan saat ini mengacu pada Undang-Undang No. 17 Tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara, dengan legislatif memiliki kewenangan yang kuat dalam penetapan anggaran. Hal ini dapat membuka peluang negosiasi-negosiasi dalam penetapan anggaran, yang seringkali menyebabkan anggaran yang ditetapkan tidak sesuai dengan rencana yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya.Rencana Program Investasi Jangka Menengah (RPIJM) diinisiasi oleh Direktorat Jenderal Cipta Karya untuk sebagai penjembatan antara dokumen sektoral dan spasial. Saat ini, RPIJM disusun pada tingkat Kabupaten/Kota, dan telah dihasilkan 468 RPIJM Kabupaten/Kota dari total 495 Kabupaten/Kota di Indonesia. Salah satu muatan dari dokumen ini adalah Memorandum Program, suatu rencana pembangunan infrastruktur permukiman jangka menengah lengkap dengan rincian kebutuhan anggaran dan sumber-sumber pembiayaannya, yang disepakati oleh Bupati/Walikota, Gubernur, dan Direktur Jenderal Cipta Karya.
Iron Deficiency Anemia: A profile of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Joshi Rinku , Shrestha Dhan Bahadur , Shah Drishti RL , Khadka Sitaram
Published: April 2018

Background and aim: Iron deficiency refers to the reduction of iron stores that precedes overt iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the commonest nutritional deficiency around the globe. Though etiology of IDA is multifaceted, and results from the iron demands which is not met by iron absorption in the body, regardless of the reason. This study was aimed to observe the several hematologic parameters among IDA cases presented to a tertiary level referral hospital of Nepal army.Methods: This prospective hospital based study was conducted among cases of iron deficiency anemia presented to a hematology clinic for six-month duration. With the help of semi-structured questionnaire demographic variables, presenting complaints, baseline laboratory parameters, iron profile and etiology of iron deficiency anemia were recorded. The collected data were entered in SPSS version 22 and analyzed.Results: In the six-month study period, there were 175 IDA cases who presented to hematology clinic. IDA was more common in females accounting 78% of 175 cases while rest were male. Mean value of parameters of iron profile were all significantly lower than normal range except TIBC which was significantly raised clinching the diagnosis of IDA. Weakness was the commonest mode of presentation (83, 47.4%). Poor intake was the main culprit of IDA (88, 50.3%). Most of the cases (82, 46.9%) belonged to moderate anemia group. Severity of anemia was associated with platelet count and total leucocyte count (p<0.05) while it was not associated with iron profile values (p>0.05).Conclusion: In adult group, IDA is more common in women and non-specific symptoms like weakness is the commonest mode of presentation. Poor dietary intake is the main cause of IDA in our context. Among IDA cases, most of them belonged to moderate anemia.
Study of Leukocytes level as a prognostic marker in patients with organophosphate poisoning
Authors: Sapkota S , Khanal A , Maskey A , Paudel N , Paudel R
Published: April 2018

Background : Elevated leukocytes level at admission is a common finding in patients with organophosphates poisoning. It has been suggested as a prognostic marker. Since early leukocytosis is frequent and mulifactorial in origin, we hypothesized that leukocytes level after 24 hours may be a better predictor of mortality.Objectives : To evaluate the prognostic value of leukocytes level at admission; and at 24-48 hours in organophosphate poisoning.Methods : A hospital based, retrospective, cohort study of patients with organophosphate poisoning was conducted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. After obtaining ethical clearance from Institutional research committee, records of patients presenting with poisoning were reviewed. 103 records were considered eligible for study. Relevant data were collected in a preformed pro forma and statistical analyses were carried out.Results : Mean age of 103 participant was 29.4 (SD=11.68). Out of them 57% were females and 43% were males. T-test was applied to test for difference in age, blood pressure, leukocytes at admission, at 24-48 hrs and blood sugar of those patients with different outcomes. Except for leukocytes levels at admission (p=0.104), statistically significant difference was seen in all other parameters (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that leukocytes levels at 24-48 hrs (B=0.002, p=0.013) is a better predictor of mortality than leukocytes levels at admission (B=0.000, p=0.034).Conclusion : Our analysis supports the hypothesis that leukocytes level at 24-48 hrs is a better predictor of mortality than leukocytes level at admission. However further study with a prospective design is recommended to confirm or refute the hypothesis.
Free Radicals are dutiful soldiers, no more to be spared as bio-terrorists
Authors: Singh Arambam Giridhari
Published: April 2018

Not available.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 2, Issue 11 (July-December, 2017) Page: I-IV
Study of the Potential Use of Lithium in Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury in Rat Model
Authors: Kora Mahmoud Abdelaziz , Yassin Yassin Salah , Zahran Ahmed Mohamed , Ragheb Ahmed , Abdellatif Safwa Othman , Elbatsh Maha , Yousef Wael Mohamed , El-Rebey Hala Said , Mohamed Asmaa Shams El-Dein
Published: April 2018

Background: Management of acute kidney injury is still facing a big problem. It is only dependent up till now on supportive measures, like fluid resuscitation and renal replacement therapy. No current drug therapy has been approved for the treatment of acute kidney injury. Acute kidney injury situations in a lot of cases can be predicted so, finding a drug for AKI will really benefit many patients. The pathophysiology of AKI is complex and many signaling pathways are involved in it. The Glycogen synthase kinase 3B enzyme is an important member in some of these pathways. The effect of its inhibition by the FDA approved drug, lithium on AKI is still under study.Material & Methods: The current study was conducted on28 Male Sprague–Dawley rats. We classified the rats into groups. We induced acute kidney injury to rats with cisplatin. We administered lithium chloride to treat AKI in comparison with saline treatment. We have done renal functions and histopathological examinations to all rats enrolled in our study.Results: Single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (5 mg/kg) in rat induced acute kidney injury. The effect of lithium chloride treatment with dose (80 mg/kg) on serum creatinine and blood urea levels showed significant regression in the rising of serum creatinine and blood urea in lithium chloride treated rats in comparison to saline-treated rats. Pathological pictures and scores demonstrated an improvement in lithium chloride treated rats than saline-treated but results were not significant.Conclusion:Administration of lithium may be a promising treatment for acute kidney injury.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 2, Issue 11 (July-December, 2017) Page:14-19
The unified theory – Neurology of emotions and how to control them
Authors: Cherian Iype , Burhan Hira , Kaur Harshpreet , Shreewastav Rupesh Kumar
Published: April 2018

Introduction: The major emotions such as fear, anger, joy and sadness are created through a complex mechanism in the temporal lobe combining data from all the sensory inputs to the brain. However, these emotions may turn into extreme manifestations when the hypothalamus and the autonomic nervous system transform these emotions to panic, rage, orgasm/laughter and grief. The Papez circuit which is at play for this “different turn” may be inactivated or could be over ridden by forebrain activity, that is, sequencing. This probably was the reason to the old adage of counting to ten when one is emotional. In this article, we hope to look at the basis and the neurology behind this and formulate a method to overcome panic.Materials & Methods:A pilot study of 10 children aged 10 -16 was done on 16th October 2017. These children were shown pictures inducing fear and anger. A Visual Analogue Score (VAS) was used to determine the induced emotion. Next, the children were made to do sequencing tasks like mathematical calculations while viewing the similar graphics again. The new score was recorded and the data analyzed.Results: The most frequently recorded VAS (n=4) before sequencing was around 6.0, and between 3.0-3.5 post sequencing. The mean VAS without sequencing was 6.19 ± 0.91, which reduced to 3.65 ± 0.665. On comparing the individual VAS scores before and after sequencing, there was a general trend of a decreased VAS post-sequencing. The results were statistically significant with a p-value <0.05.Conclusion: The study indicated that some form of sequencing while perceiving the fearful or any emotional stimuli might blunt the emotion and may not produce extreme emotions. This would be an extremely interesting and useful piece of information for many who are in cutting edge professions and competitive sports. However, much study needs to be performed to further validate this initial conclusion.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 2, Issue 11 (July-December, 2017) Page:29-34
Clinical Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Octogenarians
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Arifur , Rahman Afzalur , Uddin Syed Nasir , Islam Md AKM Monwarul , Chowdhury Tariq Ahmed , Ahmed Farhana
Published: April 2018

Background: Octogenarians are high risk patients and largely under-represented in clinical trials. The use of evidence-based therapy is, therefore, lower in this age group, resulting in a reliance on non-evidence based decision making. The elderly usually have higher prevalence of co morbidities and more often experience complications during and after revascularization procedures.Methods: 212 patients with ischemic heart disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were divided into 2 groups according to age: ³80 years (n = 74) and < 80 years (n = 138). Baseline clinical characteristics, indications for coronary intervention, in hospital outcomes and 1 year outcome were obtained. Study endpoint was in hospital outcome (Renal impairment, MI, LVF, emergency revascularization, death) & 1 year follow up for myocardial infarction (MI), repeat revascularization and death.Results: Procedural success (TIMI III) were high in both groups, but still lower in the elderly as compared to younger group (95% vs. 97%, p=0.65).The elderly had higher incidence of post PCI bleeding, contrast induced nephropathy (CIN), MI, left ventricular failure (LVF) and death (9.5% vs.6.1%, 8.2% vs.3.7%, 6.8% vs.5.8%, 9.5% vs. 5.1% and 5.4%vs.3.6%, p=0.07). Whereas emergency revascularization were higher in younger group (5.4% vs. 6.5%, p=0.07). At 1 year MI and death were higher in elderly group (9.5% vs.6.5%, 6.8% vs.6.5% p=0.66), whereas repeat revascularization were higher in younger group (6.8% vs.8%, p= 0.66).Conclusion: Though immediate interventional procedure related complications are more in octogenarians, long term outcomes seem to be promising & comparable with younger counterparts.Cardiovasc. j. 2018; 10(2): 121-125
Intraoperative Validation of Left Internal Mammary Artery Graft by Flourescence Imaging Technique
Authors: Rahim AM Asif , Pervez MAH , Kibria MG , Talukder MSH , Zaman A , Hoque QM
Published: April 2018

Background: In coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) left internal mammary artery (LIMA) is considered gold standard conduit of choice for myocardial revascularization. Graft failure following CABG reduces cardiac mortality and morbidity both in short and long term. Although conventional angiography is gold standard for assessing graft patency but rarely available in same operating room. So intraoperative florescence imaging could be an efficient and reliable method of assessing the patency of graft.Methods: This study was conducted between July 2013 to June 2014 in the Department of Cardiac Surgery of National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD). Thirty six LIMA grafts were assessed by using IFI system .ICG administered through CVP line and imaging acquired during pass of the ICG through field of view graft flow. Quality of anastomosis was intra operatively to validate graft.Results: Mean age of study population was 54±8.38 years. Per operative assessment of LIMA to left anterior descending artery revealed 32 (88.8%) patent anastomosis, narrowing of anastomosis was found in 2 (5.55% ) patients.Conclusion: Intraoperative fluorescence imaging is an effective and inexpensive way to validate patency of LIMA graft.Cardiovasc. j. 2018; 10(2): 145-149
Factors Affecting Therapeutic Compliance among the Patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease in Bangladesh
Authors: Farzana Kakon , Faruque Mohammad Omar , Zareen Salma , Choudhury Kamrun Nahar , Hossain Ahmed
Published: April 2018

Background: Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) can recur as a result of subsequent Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections and each recurrence can worsen Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) that has evoked a substantial disease burden in developing countries, including Bangladesh. The objective of this study was to determine the penicillin compliance for rheumatic fever patients.Methods: A matched cross sectional study was conducted among 160 patients in National Center for the Control of Rheumatic Fever and Heart Diseases (NCCRF/HD), Dhaka. Data was collected on face-to-face interview using a standard structured questionnaire about socio-demographic, clinical and behavioral factors. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the data.Results: The multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that duration of diagnosis>5 beyond the duration of diagnosis <5 years (OR=2.484, CI=1.170-5.421), age (OR=0.548,CI=0.217-0.574), sex (OR=0.916, CI=0.422-1.964), education (OR=1.963, CI= 0.737-05.361), marital status(OR=0.700, CI=0.272-1.774), fathers education (OR=0.482 CI=0.176 -1.279) and family member (OR= 0.619 CI= 0.2 97 -1.261) were significantly or almost significantly associated with RHD status.Conclusion: In this study, the identified risk groups for rheumatic heart disease reflect a complex interaction between socioeconomic conditions and chronic disease status. Interventions focused on education and poverty will undoubtedly be useful, but not sufficient. Rheumatic heart disease control would benefit from a collaboration of broad public health activities aimed at the prevention and control other chronic diseases. The integration of rheumatic heart disease control activities with non communicable disease programme is crucial in Bangladesh.Cardiovasc. j. 2018; 10(2): 180-185
Changing Pattern of P and QRS Waves of Electrocardiogram among the Different Grades of Hypertensive Patient of Bangladesh
Authors: Newaz ASM Raushan , Islam Md Saiful , Alam Md Shafiul , Ali Syed Mohammad Monowar , Salam Md Abdus , Huda Syed Quamrul , Ahmad Ashfaq
Published: April 2018

Background: Determination of the electrocardiographic changes among the hypertensive patients can reveal the early cardiac abnormalities especially of left ventricular hypertrophy.Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to find out the P and QRS waves of electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in different grades of hypertensive patients.Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted among mild to severe grade hypertensive patients attended in the Department of Medicine at Rajshahi Medical College and Hospital, Rajshahi during the period of July 2009 to June 2010 for a period of one year. Data were collected by face to face interview with a pre-designed structured questionnaire. Measurement of the blood pressure and the 12-lead surface electrocardiogram were done among the study group in a resting state.Results: A total number of 400 hypertensive patients were recruited for this study. In mild hypertension, high voltage QRS complex was noted as the main ECG abnormality (24.8%) which was followed by wide P-wave (15.2%). In moderate hypertension, the high voltage QRS complex was 31.0%, wide P wave 25.0%. In severe hypertension, wide P wave and high voltage QRS complex were 56.0%and 20.0% cases respectively. Chi-square test was done between category of hypertension and ECG changes of the study group. The results were statistically highly significant (p<0.001).Conclusions: The study results revealed an association between hypertension and ECG changes which was more pronounced in severe hypertension.Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2016;3(2):33-38
Ultrasonographic Finding of Gastric Carcinoma Patients in a Teaching Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir AKM Golam , Nahar Mst Nazmun , Noor-E-Alam Sheikh Mohammad , Kabiruzzaman Mohammad , Hossain Ahmed , Ara Showkat
Published: April 2018

Background: Ultrasonographic findings of gastric carcinoma are varied in different population in different region.Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to see the different ultrasonographic findings of stomach cancer patients attended at a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka city.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried in the department of Radiology and Imaging of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka during July 2009 to June 2011for a period of 2(two) years. Clinically suspected gastric carcinoma patients were evaluated by ultrasonography of upper abdomen and or Barium-meal x-ray evaluation. The sonographic findings were noted. Biopsy was performed by endoscopy or by surgical resection to confirm the case.Result: A total number of 60 gastric carcinoma patients were recruited.In all 24 patients of gastric carcinoma (100%) wall layering was completely lost. Wall thickness was increased in all the 24 cases (100%). Patients with gastric carcinoma had a wall thickness ranging from 10mm to 38mm with an average wall thickness of 24.5 mm. There was luminal narrowing and reduced peristalsis seen in all the 24 cases. Heterogeneous intraluminal masses were seen in 20 out of 24 (83.33%) cases of gastric carcinoma. Serosal involvement was seen in 17 out of 23 (70.83%) cases.Conclusion: Ultrasonography of gastric carcinoma shows completely lost of wall layering of stomach with increased thickness of it.Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2016;3(2):51-55
Hearing Status of the Traffic Police with or without Use of Sound Protector in Dhaka Metropolitan City
Authors: Sharif Ahmed , Khanam Rashida Akter , Rahman Mohammad Mashudur , Rahman Sheikh Hasanur , Kamaruzzaman Md , Ahmad Ashfaq
Published: April 2018

Background: Sound protector is an essential tool to protect hearing.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the hearing status of traffic police with or without sound protector.Methodology: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January 2003 to June 2004 for a period of one and half year. Traffic police who were working in the Dhaka metropolitan city at any age were included as study population. Hearing status was measured to all subjects. The traffic police at any age working in the Dhaka metropolitan city with the duration of service more than 5 years were included as study population. Otoscopic examination, tuning fork test and pure tone audiometry were performed by clinical audiometer (AC 33) with two channels, with TDH39 earphones among the entire study subject.Result: A total number of 100 traffic polices working in Dhaka metropolitan city were examined. Highest (56%) number of the respondents was in between 30 to 40 years of age group. The mean age with SD was 36.15 ±5.5. In this study 53.0% respondents found to have exposure of 6 to 10 years and 16.0% found to have exposure between 16 to 20 years. It was found that 26 traffic police used ear protector occasionally. Among them 7(26.9%) subjects had different degree of hearing loss. Nonusers had higher rate (23%) of hearing loss (p=0.685).Conclusion: In conclusion use of sound protector by traffic police is not significantly related with the hearing loss though this is clinically significant.Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2017;4(1):13-16
Clinical Implication of Neuroradiology: Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Nahar Mst Nazmun , Islam Md Tariqul
Published: April 2018

Abstract not availableJournal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2017;3(1): 1-2
Electro Clinical Profiles of Motor Neuron Disease and Atypical Motor Neuron Disorders: A Case Series
Authors: Debnath Bithi , Quaderi Humaira Rafiqa , Haque Nazmul , Khan AFM Al Masum , Sabeka Meera Momtaz , Mian Md Ferdous , Islam Md Nahidul , Hussain Md Enayet , Chowdhury Rajib Nayan
Published: April 2018

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the commonest MND phenotype. Although many of the atypical motor neuron disorders share some features with ALS, they often can be distinguished by their clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics. Here we present five different cases with varied clinical findings. All the patients were referred from outpatient department to neurophysiology laboratory where electrodiagnostic (EDX) correlations helped to come to a conclusion. The nerve conduction study protocol for a suspected atypi¬cal motor neuron disorder is the same as that for ALS. Akin to the nerve conduction studies, the EMG evaluation of patients with suspected atypical motor neuron disorders is similar to that of ALS. An extensive study is indicated, often of all four limbs, the paraspinal muscles, and the bulbar muscles to reach a possible diagnosis. History, clinical findings and electrophysiological correlation often help to differentiate these atypical motor neuron disorders. Correct diagnosis is needed for further evaluation and prognosis. In this case series five (5) cases have described who are referred from outpatient department to neurophysiology laboratory for electrodiagnostic (EDX) correlations.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2017;3(1): 57-61
Fault Studies and Distance Protection of Transmission Lines Connected to DFIG-Based Wind Farms
Authors: Li Bin , Liu Junyu , Wang Xin , Zhao Lili
Published: April 2018

Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind farms are being increasingly integrated into power grids with transmission lines, and distance protection is usually used as either the main or the backup protection for the transmission line. This paper analyzes the composition of a DFIG short circuit current and indicates the existence of a rotor speed frequency component. By analyzing several real fault cases of the DFIG-based wind farms connected to transmission lines, the weak power supply system and current frequency deviation of the wind farm side are illustrated. When a fault occurs on the transmission line, the short circuit current on the wind farm side is small and its frequency may no longer be nominal due to the existence of rotor speed frequency component, whereas the voltage frequency remains nominal frequency because of the grid support. As a result, the conventional distance protection cannot accurately measure the impedance, which can result in unnecessary circuit breaker tripping. Therefore, a time-domain distance protection method combined with the least-squares algorithm is proposed to address the problem. The efficacy of the proposed method is validated with real fault cases and simulation.
Functionalized Thick Film Impedance Sensors for Use in In Vitro Cell Culture
Authors: Bartsch Heike , Baca Martin , Fernekorn Uta , Müller Jens , Schober Andreas , Witte Hartmut
Published: April 2018

Multi-electrode arrays find application in electrophysiological recordings. The quality of the captured signals depends on the interfacial contact between electrogenic cells and the electronic system. Therefore, it requires reliable low-impedance electrodes. Low-temperature cofired ceramic technology offers a suitable platform for rapid prototyping of biological reactors and can provide both stable fluid supply and integrated bio-hardware interfaces for recordings in electrogenic cell cultures. The 3D assembly of thick film gold electrodes in in vitro bio-reactors has been demonstrated for neuronal recordings. However, especially when dimensions become small, their performance varies strongly. This work investigates the influence of different coatings on thick film gold electrodes with regard to their influence on impedance behavior. PEDOT:PSS layer, titanium oxynitride and laminin coatings are deposited on LTCC gold electrodes using different 2D and 3D MEA chip designs. Their impedance characteristics are compared and discussed. Titanium oxynitride layers emerged as suitable functionalization. Small 86-µm-electrodes have a serial resistance Rs of 32 kOhm and serial capacitance Cs of 4.1 pF at 1 kHz. Thick film gold electrodes with such coatings are thus qualified for signal recording in 3-dimensional in vitro cell cultures.
Insights in the Rhodium-Catalyzed Tandem Isomerization-Hydroformylation of 10-Undecenitrile: Evidence for a Fast Isomerization Regime
Authors: Le Goanvic Lucas , Couturier Jean-Luc , Dubois Jean-Luc , Carpentier Jean-François
Published: April 2018

The tandem isomerization-hydroformylation of 10-undecenitrile (1) into the corresponding linear aldehyde (2) with a Rh-biphephos system was studied and the formation of internal olefin isomers (1-int-x) was monitored over time. The existence of an “isomerization phenomenon” was evidenced, where fast isomerization of 1 into up to 70% of 1-int-x followed by fast back-isomerization of 1-int-x into 1 and, in turn, into 2 occurs. This fast dynamic isomerization regime is favored at high syngas pressure (40 bar) and low biphephos-to-Rh ratio (5–10), and it is best observed at relatively high catalyst loadings ([1]0/[Rh] ≤ 3000). The latter regime is indeed evanescent, and gives place to a second stage in which isomerization of internal olefins (and eventual conversion into 2) proceeds much more slowly. The results are tentatively rationalized by the formation of an unstable species that promotes dynamic isomerization and which slowly vanishes or collapses into a Rh-biphephos species which is the one responsible for hydroformylation.
Chitosan Based Regenerated Cellulose Fibers Functionalized with Plasma and Ultrasound
Authors: Vrabič Brodnjak Urška , Jesih Adolf , Gregor-Svetec Diana
Published: April 2018

The great potential of regenerated cellulose fibers, which offer excellent possibilities as a matrix for the design of bioactive materials, was the lead for our research. We focused on the surface modification of fibers to improve the sorption properties of regenerated cellulose and biocomposite regenerated cellulose/chitosan fibers, which are on the market. The purpose of our investigation was also the modification of regenerated cellulose fibers with the functionalization by chitosan as a means of obtaining similar properties to biocomposite regenerated cellulose/chitosan fibers on the market. Argon gas plasma was used for fiber surface activation and chitosan adsorption. Ultrasound was also used as a treatment procedure for the surface activation of regenerated cellulose fibers and treatment with chitosan. Analyses have shown that ultrasonic energy or plasma change the accessibility of free functional groups, structure and reactivity, especially in regenerated cellulose fibers. Changes that occurred in the morphology and in the structure of fibers were also reflected in their physical and chemical properties. Consequently, moisture content, sorption properties and water retention improved.
Thermodynamically Constrained Averaging Theory: Principles, Model Hierarchies, and Deviation Kinetic Energy Extensions
Authors: Miller Cass T. , Gray William G. , Kees Christopher E.
Published: April 2018

The thermodynamically constrained averaging theory (TCAT) is a comprehensive theory used to formulate hierarchies of multiphase, multiscale models that are closed based upon the second law of thermodynamics. The rate of entropy production is posed in terms of the product of fluxes and forces of dissipative processes. The attractive features of TCAT include consistency across disparate length scales; thermodynamic consistency across scales; the inclusion of interfaces and common curves as well as phases; the development of kinematic equations to provide closure relations for geometric extent measures; and a structured approach to model building. The elements of the TCAT approach are shown; the ways in which each of these attractive features emerge from the TCAT approach are illustrated; and a review of the hierarchies of models that have been formulated is provided. Because the TCAT approach is mathematically involved, we illustrate how this approach can be applied by leveraging existing components of the theory that can be applied to a wide range of applications. This can result in a substantial reduction in formulation effort compared to a complete derivation while yielding identical results. Lastly, we note the previous neglect of the deviation kinetic energy, which is not important in slow porous media flows, formulate the required equations to extend the theory, and comment on applications for which the new components would be especially useful. This work should serve to make TCAT more accessible for applications, thereby enabling higher fidelity models for applications such as turbulent multiphase flows.
Quantification of the Impact of Photon Distinguishability on Measurement-Device- Independent Quantum Key Distribution
Authors: Simon Garrett , Huff Blake , Meier William , Mailloux Logan , Harrell Lee
Published: April 2018

Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution (MDI-QKD) is a two-photon protocol devised to eliminate eavesdropping attacks that interrogate or control the detector in realized quantum key distribution systems. In MDI-QKD, the measurements are carried out by an untrusted third party, and the measurement results are announced openly. Knowledge or control of the measurement results gives the third party no information about the secret key. Error-free implementation of the MDI-QKD protocol requires the crypto-communicating parties, Alice and Bob, to independently prepare and transmit single photons that are physically indistinguishable, with the possible exception of their polarization states. In this paper, we apply the formalism of quantum optics and Monte Carlo simulations to quantify the impact of small errors in wavelength, bandwidth, polarization and timing between Alice’s photons and Bob’s photons on the MDI-QKD quantum bit error rate (QBER). Using published single-photon source characteristics from two-photon interference experiments as a test case, our simulations predict that the finite tolerances of these sources contribute ( 4.04 ± 20 / N sifted ) % to the QBER in an MDI-QKD implementation generating an N sifted -bit sifted key.
Demonstration of Reentrant Relaxor Ferroelectric Phase Transitions in Antiferroelectric-Based (Pb0.50Ba0.50)ZrO3 Ceramics
Authors: Pokharel Bhadra , Shrestha Lok , Ariga Katsuhiko , Pandey Dhananjai
Published: April 2018

Herein we demonstrate a novel (Pb0.50Ba0.50)ZrO3 (PBZ50) ceramic that exhibits a reentrant relaxor ferroelectric phase transition in an antiferroelectric-based perovskite system. The dielectric measurement has confirmed that the imaginary part of the dielectric constant for the reentrant phase is nearly frequency independent below the freezing temperature. The reentrant behavior could be scaled to a phenomenological equation involving the Vogel–Fulcher relationship. These results were further complemented by the polarization measurements. The PBZ50 was fabricated using a semi-wet synthetic route involving a solid-state thermochemical reaction. We believe this unusual phase transition sequence in the PBZ50 material would be highly useful in high-density data storage devices.
Underestimation of Self-Reported Smoking Prevalence in Korean Adolescents: Evidence from Gold Standard by Combined Method
Authors: Hwang Jun , Kim Jong , Lee Do , Jung Hye , Park Soon-Woo
Published: April 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of self-reported smoking prevalence in Korean adolescents by using an improved gold standard by a combined method. Using a stratified sampling method, we selected 13 schools from among 397 high schools that participated in the 2015 Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (KYRBS). A second survey (repeated self-reporting questionnaire and urinary cotinine test) was conducted on 1058 students who completed the KYRBS. The gold standard of current smoker was defined as those either self-reporting as a smoker in the second survey or having a urinary cotinine concentration ≥50 ng/mL. The current smoking prevalence in the first survey (KYRBS) was 7.9% (boys 16.5% and girls 1.8%), which was lower than the results based on gold standard (11.3% total, boys 21.9% and girls 3.7%). The sensitivity and specificity of self-reported smoking status was 62.5% and 99.0%, respectively. In particular, the sensitivity of girls (43.5%) was lower than that of boys (67.0%). The self-reported smoking prevalence in Korean adolescents was underestimated, particularly among girls. Careful attention should be paid to interpreting adolescents’ smoking prevalence, and supplementary surveys or periodic validity tests need to be considered in Asian countries.
Using a Counting Process Method to Impute Censored Follow-Up Time Data
Authors: Efird Jimmy , Jindal Charulata
Published: April 2018

Censoring occurs when complete follow-up time information is unavailable for patients enrolled in a clinical study. The process is considered to be informative (non-ignorable) if the likelihood function for the model cannot be partitioned into a set of response parameters that are independent of the censoring parameters. In such cases, estimated survival time probabilities may be biased, prompting the need for special statistical methods to remedy the situation. The problem is especially salient when censoring occurs early in a study. In this paper, we describe a method to impute censored follow-up times using a counting process method.
Applications of CRISPR/Cas System to Bacterial Metabolic Engineering
Authors: Cho Suhyung , Shin Jongoh , Cho Byung-Kwan
Published: April 2018

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated (CRISPR/Cas) adaptive immune system has been extensively used for gene editing, including gene deletion, insertion, and replacement in bacterial and eukaryotic cells owing to its simple, rapid, and efficient activities in unprecedented resolution. Furthermore, the CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system including deactivated Cas9 (dCas9) with inactivated endonuclease activity has been further investigated for regulation of the target gene transiently or constitutively, avoiding cell death by disruption of genome. This review discusses the applications of CRISPR/Cas for genome editing in various bacterial systems and their applications. In particular, CRISPR technology has been used for the production of metabolites of high industrial significance, including biochemical, biofuel, and pharmaceutical products/precursors in bacteria. Here, we focus on methods to increase the productivity and yield/titer scan by controlling metabolic flux through individual or combinatorial use of CRISPR/Cas and CRISPRi systems with introduction of synthetic pathway in industrially common bacteria including Escherichia coli. Further, we discuss additional useful applications of the CRISPR/Cas system, including its use in functional genomics.
Cosmic Evolutionary Philosophy and a Dialectical Approach to Technological Singularity
Authors: Last Cadell
Published: April 2018

The anticipated next stage of human organization is often described by futurists as a global technological singularity. This next stage of complex organization is hypothesized to be actualized by scientific-technic knowledge networks. However, the general consequences of this process for the meaning of human existence are unknown. Here, it is argued that cosmic evolutionary philosophy is a useful worldview for grounding an understanding of the potential nature of this futures event. In the cosmic evolutionary philosophy, reality is conceptualized locally as a universal dynamic of emergent evolving relations. This universal dynamic is structured by a singular astrophysical origin and an organizational progress from sub-atomic particles to global civilization mediated by qualitative phase transitions. From this theoretical ground, we attempt to understand the next stage of universal dynamics in terms of the motion of general ideation attempting to actualize higher unity. In this way, we approach technological singularity dialectically as an event caused by ideational transformations and mediated by an emergent intersubjective objectivity. From these speculations, a historically-engaged perspective on the nature of human consciousness is articulated where the truth of reality as an emergent unity depends on the collective action of a multiplicity of human observers.
In Vitro Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase, Alphaglucosidase, and Xanthine Oxidase by Bacteria Extracts from Coral Reef in Hainan, South China Sea
Authors: Tan Lin , Guo Suxia , Ma Funing , Chang Chen , Gómez-Betancur Isabel
Published: April 2018

Acetylcholinesterase is one of the most important enzymes in living organisms, which is responsible for the synapse cholinergic and other nervous processes. However, its inhibiting effects have proven to have pharmacological applications in the treatment of different diseases, as well as in the control of insect pests; thus, the search for inhibitors is a matter of interest for biomedical and agrochemical fields. Alzheimer’s is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which can be seen as a wide degeneration of synapses, as well as neurons, in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and subcortical structures. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition is an important target for the management of Alzheimer’s. Additionally, diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with clinical manifestation of hyperglycemia, due to the ineffective production of insulin that controls the level of blood glucose. Alphaglucosidaseinhibitors could retard the uptake of dietary carbohydrates and have shown significant therapeutic effects in clinical application. Fifty-five ethyl acetate extracts from nine bacterial families from Hainan (China) were evaluated to observe their acetylcholinesterase, alphaglucosidase, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Moreover, a screening of inhibitory activity against the pathogens fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was performed. The best acetylcholinesterase and alphaglucosidase inhibitory activity was shown by Vibrio neocaledonicus (98.95%). This is the first report of inhibition of both enzymes by ethyl acetate extract from this strain.
Nominal vs. Effective Wake Fields and Their Influence on Propeller Cavitation Performance
Authors: Regener Pelle , Mirsadraee Yasaman , Andersen Poul
Published: April 2018

Propeller designers often need to base their design on the nominal model scale wake distribution because the effective full scale distribution is not available. The effects of such incomplete design data on cavitation performance are examined in this paper. The behind-ship cavitation performance of two propellers is evaluated, where the cases considered include propellers operating in the nominal model and full scale wake distributions and in the effective wake distribution, also in the model and full scale. The method for the analyses is a combination of RANS for the ship hull and a panel method for the propeller flow, with a coupling of the two for the interaction of ship and propeller flows. The effect on sheet cavitation due to the different wake distributions is examined for a typical full-form ship. Results show considerable differences in cavitation extent, volume, and hull pressure pulses.