bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting transcriptional control of soluble guanylyl cyclase via NOTCH for prevention of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Rippe C. , Albinsson S. , Guron G. , Nilsson H. , Swärd K.
Published: May 2018

Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is an effector enzyme of nitric oxide (NO). Recent work has unravelled how levels of this enzyme are controlled, and highlighted a role in vascular disease. We provide a timely summary of available knowledge on transcriptional regulation of sGC, including influences from the NOTCH signalling pathway and genetic variants. It is speculated that hypertension‐induced repression of sGC starts a vicious circle that can be initiated by periods of stress, diet or genetic factors, and a key tenet is that reduction in sGC further raises blood pressure. The idea that dysregulation of sGC contributes to syndromes caused by defective NOTCH signalling is advanced, and we discuss drug repositioning for vascular disease prevention. The advantage of targeting sGC expression rather than activity is also considered. It is argued that transcriptional inputs on sGC arise from interactions with other cells, the extracellular matrix and microRNAs (miRNAs), and concluded that the promise of sGC as a target for prevention of cardiovascular disease has increased in recent time.
Reduced fibre size, capillary supply and mitochondrial activity in constitutional thinness' skeletal muscle
Authors: Galusca B. , Verney J. , Meugnier E. , Ling Y. , Edouard P. , Feasson L. , Ravelojaona M. , Vidal H. , Estour B. , Germain N.
Published: May 2018

Aim

Constitutional thinness (CT) is a rare condition of natural low body weight, with no psychological issues, no marker of undernutrition and a resistance to weight gain. This study evaluated the skeletal muscle phenotype of CT women by comparison with a normal BMI control group.

Methods

Ten CT women (BMI < 17.5 kg/m2) and 10 female controls (BMI: 18.5‐25 kg/m2) underwent metabolic and hormonal assessment along with muscle biopsies to analyse the skeletal muscular fibres pattern, capillarity, enzymes activities and transcriptomics.

Results

Constitutional thinness displayed similar energy balance metabolic and hormonal profile to controls. Constitutional thinness presented with lower mean area of all the skeletal muscular fibres (−24%, P = .01) and percentage of slow‐twitch type I fibres (−25%, P = .02, respectively). Significant downregulation of the mRNA expression of several mitochondrial‐related genes and triglycerides metabolism was found along with low cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity and capillary network in type I fibres. Pre‐ and post‐mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes levels were found similar to controls. Transcriptomics also revealed downregulation of cytoskeletal‐related genes.

Conclusion

Diminished type I fibres, decreased mitochondrial and metabolic activity suggested by these results are discordant with normal resting metabolic rate of CT subjects. Downregulated genes related to cytoskeletal proteins and myocyte differentiation could account for CT's resistance to weight gain.
Accessible electronic games for blind children and young people
Authors: Giannakopoulos George , Tatlas Nicolas‐Alexander , Giannakopoulos Vassilios , Floros Andreas , Katsoulis Philippos
Published: May 2018

We present a suite of inclusive games designed to address the needs of people with blindness or low vision. Particularly, through the employment of modern sonification strategies that achieves efficient perceptual representation of the game‐play, several audio‐games with different scenarios and application scope (entertainment and education) were developed and demonstrated. A platform called “Memor‐i studio” that allows nontechnical users (including blind ones under supervision) to create such inclusive games has also been developed. The overall presentation includes the detailed description of the outcome of the evaluation process involved children and young people aged between 7 and 20 years old from the Special Elementary School for the Blind in Athens and the Education and Rehabilitation Centre for the Blind in Athens, Greece. The description is also extended to include the design framework of Memor‐i studio. The conclusions of this evaluation are unexpectedly encouraging, showing that the specific type of inclusive games genre may be a strong alternative toward the development of accessible games for blind people, providing a secure starting point for future developments on this field.
Pentraxin levels in non‐eosinophilic versus eosinophilic asthma
Authors: Gao Pengfei , Tang Kun , Wang Meijia , Yang Qun , Xu Yongjian , Wang Jianmiao , Zhao Jianping , Xie Jungang
Published: May 2018

Background

Innate immunity has been thought to be involved in asthma pathogenesis. Pentraxins, acting as soluble pattern recognition molecules, play an important role in humoral innate immunity. Asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease of airways and can be classified as eosinophilic or non‐eosinophilic asthma.

Objective

To investigate whether pentraxin levels differ in subjects with eosinophilic versus non‐eosinophilic asthma. Furthermore, to access the predictive performance of pentraxin levels for discriminating asthma inflammatory phenotypes.

Methods

A total of 80 asthmatic patients and 24 healthy control subjects underwent sputum induction at study inclusion. Differential leucocyte counts were performed on selected sputum. Plasma C‐reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid P (SAP), pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and sputum SAP, PTX3, IL‐8 levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Subjects with non‐eosinophilic asthma had significantly increased pentraxin levels compared with those with eosinophilic asthma and healthy controls, with median (interquartile range) plasma CRP levels of 0.86 (0.28‐2.07), 0.26 (0.14‐0.85), and 0.15 (0.09‐0.45)mg/L (P < .001), respectively, plasma SAP levels of 33.69 (19.79‐58.39), 19.76 (16.11‐30.58), and 20.06 (15.68‐31.11)mg/L (P = .003), respectively, and sputum PTX3 levels of 4.9 (1.35‐18.72), 0.87 (0.30‐2.07), and 1.08 (0.31‐4.32)ng/mL (P < .001), respectively. Conversely, sputum SAP concentrations of eosinophilic asthmatics (median, 21.49 ng/mL; IQR, 6.86‐38.79 ng/mL) were significantly higher than those of non‐eosinophilic patients (median, 8.15 ng/mL; IQR, 2.82‐18.01 ng/mL) and healthy controls (median, 8.79 ng/mL; IQR, 2.00‐16.18 ng/mL). Asthma patients with high plasma CRP (P = .004), SAP (P = .005) and sputum PTX3 levels (P < 0.001) also had significantly lower sputum eosinophil percentages. Sputum PTX3 levels had the best power (11.18‐fold, P < .001) to predict non‐eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthma patients.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance

Pentraxin levels differed significantly between patients with non‐eosinophilic asthma and those with eosinophilic asthma. Furthermore, elevated pentraxin expressions may predict non‐eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthmatic patients.
Effects of oestradiol for luteal phase support in fresh embryo transfer cycles: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhao Wei , Liu Yifeng , Xu Peng , Wu Yiqing , Chen Kai , Guo Xiaoyan , Zhang Fan , Huang Yun , Zhu Linlin , Zhang Runjv , Zhang Dan
Published: May 2018

Objective

Any benefit of oestradiol supplementation with progesterone for luteal support after fresh embryo transfer in in vitro fertilisation/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycles remains controversial. In this study, we further addressed this question in cycles using gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist for ovarian stimulation.

Design

A retrospective cohort study in a tertiary teaching and research hospital.

Patient(s)

A total of 1602 patients were given oestradiol valerate (E) in addition to progesterone (P) as luteal support. One thousand six hundred and two patients receiving progesterone alone were selected as the control group.

Main outcome measure(s)

Live birth rate. Secondary measures included clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate and premature birth rate.

Result(s)

Clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were similar for the P alone vs the P+E group. In cycles with oestradiol (E2) levels less than 5000 pmol/L on the day of hCG trigger, E supplementation resulted in a significantly higher live birth rate (23.44% vs 32.92%, OR = 1.60 [95% CI 1.05 to 2.46]). In cycles with oestradiol levels 5000 to 10 000 pmol/L on the day of hCG trigger, E supplementation did not increase the live birth rate (34.43% vs 35.42%, OR = 0.90 [95% CI 0.80 to 1.01]). In cycles with oestradiol levels over 10 000 pmol/L on the day of hCG trigger, the live birth rate was significantly lower (36.83% vs 31.37%, OR = 0.78 [95% CI 0.62 to 0.99]) and the premature birth rate was significantly higher (19.66% vs 28.73%,OR = 1.65 [95% CI 1.05 to 2.59]) in the E supplementation group.

Conclusion(s)

Any benefit of oestradiol supplementation for luteal phase support appears to correlate with the serum oestradiol level on the day of hCG trigger. Oestradiol supplementation is beneficial for improving live birth rate in cycles with oestradiol levels less than 5000 pmol/L, but is not recommended in cycles with oestradiol levels over 10 000 pmol/L.
An Adaptive Multi‐Grid Solver for Applications in Computer Graphics
Authors: Kazhdan Misha , Hoppe Hugues
Published: May 2018

A key processing step in numerous computer graphics applications is the solution of a linear system discretized over a spatial domain. Often, the linear system can be represented using an adaptive domain tessellation, either because the solution will only be sampled sparsely, or because the solution is known to be ‘interesting’ (e.g. high frequency) only in localized regions. In this work, we propose an adaptive, finite elements, multi‐grid solver capable of efficiently solving such linear systems. Our solver is designed to be general‐purpose, supporting finite elements of different degrees, across different dimensions and supporting both integrated and pointwise constraints. We demonstrate the efficacy of our solver in applications including surface reconstruction, image stitching and Euclidean Distance Transform calculation.
The international prevalence and variability of nonadherence to the nonpharmacologic treatment regimen after heart transplantation: Findings from the cross‐sectional BRIGHT study
Authors: Helmy Remon , Duerinckx Nathalie , De Geest Sabina , Denhaerynck Kris , Berben Lut , Russell Cynthia L. , Van Cleemput Johan , Crespo‐Leiro Maria G. , Dobbels Fabienne ,   the BRIGHT study team
Published: May 2018

Introduction

Heart transplant (HTx) recipients need to follow a complex therapeutic regimen. We assessed the international prevalence and variability in nonadherence to six nonpharmacologic treatment components (physical activity, sun protection, diet, alcohol use, nonsmoking, and outpatient follow‐up visits).

Methods

We used self‐report data of 1397 adult HTx recipients from the 36‐HTx‐center, 11‐country, 4‐continent, cross‐sectional BRIGHT study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01608477). The nonadherence definitions used were as follows: Physical activity: <3 times/wk 20 minutes’ vigorous activity, <5 times/wk 30 minutes’ moderate activity, or <5 times/wk a combination of either intensity; Sun protection: not “always” applying any sun protection; Diet: not “often” or “always” following recommended diet(s); Alcohol use: >1 alcoholic drink/d (women) or >2 drinks/d (men); Smoking: current smokers or stopped <1 year before; Follow‐up visits: missing ≥1 of the last 5 outpatient follow‐up visits. Overall prevalence figures were adjusted to avoid over‐ or underrepresentation of countries. Between‐country variability was assessed within each treatment component via chi‐square testing.

Results

The adjusted study‐wide nonadherence prevalence figures were as follows: 47.8% for physical activity (95% CI [45.2‐50.5]), 39.9% for sun protection (95% CI [37.3‐42.5]), 38.2% for diet recommendations (95% CI [35.1‐41.3]), 22.9% for alcohol consumption (95% CI [20.8‐25.1]), 7.4% for smoking cessation (95% CI [6.1‐8.7]), and 5.7% for follow‐up visits (95% CI [4.6‐6.9]). Significant variability was observed between countries in all treatment components except follow‐up visits.

Conclusion

Nonadherence to the post‐HTx nonpharmacologic treatment regimen is prevalent and shows significant variability internationally, suggesting a need for tailored adherence‐enhancing interventions.
Comprehensive outcomes after lung retransplantation: A single‐center review
Authors: Halloran Kieran , Aversa Meghan , Tinckam Kathryn , Martinu Tereza , Binnie Matthew , Chaparro Cecilia , Chow Chung‐Wai , Waddell Tom , McRae Karen , Pierre Andrew , de Perrot Marc , Yasufuku Kazuhiro , Cypel Marcelo , Keshavjee Shaf , Singer Lianne G.
Published: May 2018

Introduction

Lung retransplantation is an important therapy for a growing population of lung transplant recipients with graft failure, but detailed outcome data are lacking.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult lung retransplant in the Toronto Lung Transplant Program from 2001 to 2013 (n = 38). We analyzed the postoperative course, graft function, renal function, microbiology, donor‐specific antibodies (DSA), quality of life, and survival compared to a control cohort of primary transplant recipients matched for age and era.

Results

Indication for retransplant was chronic lung allograft dysfunction in most retransplant recipients (35/38, 92%). The postoperative course was more complex after retransplant than primary (ventilation time, 8 vs 2 days, P < .01; ICU stay 14 vs 4 days, P < 0.01), and peak lung function was lower (FEV1 2.2L vs 3L, P < .01). Quality of life scores were comparable, as were renal function, microbiology, and donor‐specific antibody formation. Median survival was 1988 days after primary and 1475 days after retransplant (P = .39).

Conclusions

Lung retransplantation is associated with a more complex postoperative course and lower peak lung function, but the long‐term medical profile is similar to primary transplant. Lung retransplantation can be beneficial for carefully selected candidates with allograft failure.
Prognostic evaluation of the elastic properties of the ascending aorta in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sciatti Edoardo , Vizzardi Enrico , Bonadei Ivano , Fabbricatore Davide , Prati Francesco , Pagnoni Mattia , Metra Marco
Published: May 2018

Background

Nowadays there is an increased interest in the role of aortic stiffness in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF), as it is a major determinant of left ventricular (LV) performance. We aimed at assessing the predictive value of the aortic stiffness parameters, measured by echocardiography, in patients affected by nonischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) regarding three end‐points: death, HF rehospitalization, combined death or HF rehospitalization in a long‐term follow‐up.

Materials and methods

A total of 202 patients affected by nonischaemic DCM underwent an outpatient examination by echocardiography and blood pressure check at the brachial artery, in order to calculate aortic elastic properties (ie, compliance, distensibility, stiffness index, Peterson's elastic modulus, M‐mode strain). ROC curves, Kaplan‐Meier curves and multivariable Cox regressions (correcting for age, LV ejection fraction (LVEF), atrial fibrillation, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)) were run to assess the predictive ability of aortic elastic properties against the 3 end‐points.

Results

Mean follow‐up was 9.83 ± 2.80 years. 24.8% of patients died, while 34.7% were rehospitalized for HF cause and 44.6% experienced the combined end‐point. LVEF did not correlate with aortic elastic properties. ROC curves and Kaplan‐Meier curves were elaborated. Aortic stiffness did not predict death in our cohort. Otherwise, all aortic elastic properties predicted HF rehospitalization and combined death or HF rehospitalization, after correcting for age, LVEF, atrial fibrillation, CRT.

Conclusions

Elastic properties of the ascending aorta measured by echocardiography in patients with nonischaemic DCM predict long‐term HF rehospitalization and combined death or HF rehospitalization, also after correcting for the confounding factors.
Treatment of localized‐stage follicular lymphoma
Authors: Sorigue Marc , Tuset Victòria , Sancho Juan‐Manuel
Published: May 2018

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent lymphoma, and it most frequently presents in an advanced stage. Therapeutic considerations for advanced stage are different from those of localized‐stage FL, in which radiotherapy (RT) is generally recommended. However, the available evidence suffers from shortcomings that are relatively specific to this clinical entity due to its rarity and long survival with all available treatment modalities, including that most of the existing evidence originated at a time when diagnostic classifications, staging procedures and radiotherapeutic standards were different from those available today and when anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies were not available. Available treatment modalities include observation, systemic therapy only, RT only and RT in combination with systemic therapy. We review the evidence available with each of them and the data from present‐day clinical practice studies as well as briefly discuss what diagnostic and therapeutic developments may take place in the next few years.
Transcranial alternating current stimulation modulates auditory temporal resolution in elderly people
Authors: Baltus Alina , Vosskuhl Johannes , Boetzel Cindy , Herrmann Christoph Siegfried
Published: May 2018

Recent research provides evidence for a functional role of brain oscillations for perception. For example, auditory temporal resolution seems to be linked to individual gamma frequency of auditory cortex. Individual gamma frequency not only correlates with performance in between‐channel gap detection tasks but can be modulated via auditory transcranial alternating current stimulation. Modulation of individual gamma frequency is accompanied by an improvement in gap detection performance. Aging changes electrophysiological frequency components and sensory processing mechanisms. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate the link between individual gamma frequency and gap detection performance in elderly people using auditory transcranial alternating current stimulation. In a within‐subject design, twelve participants were electrically stimulated with two individualized transcranial alternating current stimulation frequencies: 3 Hz above their individual gamma frequency (experimental condition) and 4 Hz below their individual gamma frequency (control condition), while they were performing a between‐channel gap detection task. As expected, individual gamma frequencies correlated significantly with gap detection performance at baseline and in the experimental condition, transcranial alternating current stimulation modulated gap detection performance. In the control condition, stimulation did not modulate gap detection performance. In addition, in elderly, the effect of transcranial alternating current stimulation on auditory temporal resolution seems to be dependent on endogenous frequencies in auditory cortex: Elderlies with slower individual gamma frequencies and lower auditory temporal resolution profit from auditory transcranial alternating current stimulation and show increased gap detection performance during stimulation. Our results strongly suggest individualized transcranial alternating current stimulation protocols for successful modulation of performance.
Blink reflex recovery cycle to differentiate progressive supranuclear palsy from corticobasal syndrome
Authors: Sciacca G. , Nicoletti A. , Mostile G. , Luca A. , Raciti L. , Dibilio V. , Drago F. , Salomone S. , Zappia M.
Published: May 2018

Background and purpose

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) may share similar clinical findings and tests to distinguish between the two disorders could be useful. We evaluated the blink reflex and R2 blink reflex recovery cycle (R2BRRC), determining diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive value of R2BRRC in differentiating patients with PSP from those with CBS.

Methods

This was a prospective data collection study investigating blink reflex and R2BRRC at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 750 ms in 12 patients with PSP, eight patients with CBS and 10 controls.

Results

Patients with PSP have earlier recruitment of R2BRRC as compared with patients with CBS (ISI: 100 ms, P = 0.002; 150 ms, P < 0.001; 200 ms, P < 0.001; 300 ms, P = 0.02) and controls (ISI: 100 ms, P < 0.001; 150 ms, P < 0.001; 200 ms, P < 0.001; 300 ms, P = 0.004). The presence of an early recovery of the R2 differentiated PSP from CBS with a specificity and sensitivity of 87.5% and 91.7%, respectively.

Conclusions

The R2BRRC curve might be considered to be a useful tool in differentiating patients with PSP from those with CBS.
Heparinoid suppresses Der p‐inducedIL‐1β production by inhibitingERKand p38MAPKpathways in keratinocytes
Authors: Utsunomiya Ryo , Dai Xiuju , Murakami Masamoto , Masuda Kana , Okazaki Hidenori , Tsuda Teruko , Mori Hideki , Shiraishi Ken , Tohyama Mikiko , Sayama Koji
Published: May 2018

Epidermal keratinocytes initiate skin inflammation by activating immune cells. The skin barrier is disrupted in atopic dermatitis (AD) and epidermal keratinocytes can be exposed to environmental stimuli, such as house dust mite (HDM) allergens. We showed previously thatHDMallergens activate theNLRP3 inflammasome of keratinocytes, thereby releasing pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Heparinoid is an effective moisturizer for atopic dry skin. However, a recent report showed that heparinoid treatment can improve inflammation of lichen planus. Therefore, we hypothesized that it acts on epidermal keratinocytes not only as a moisturizer, but also as a suppressant of the triggers of skin inflammation. We found thatHDMallergen‐induced interleukin (IL)‐1β release from keratinocytes was inhibited significantly by heparinoid pretreatment without affecting cell viability. However, heparinoid did not affect caspase‐1 release, suggesting that heparinoid did not affectHDMallergen‐induced inflammasome activation. Heparinoid treatment not only decreased intracellular levels of pro‐IL‐1β, but also suppressedIL‐1β messengerRNA(mRNA) expression in keratinocytes. Among the intracellular signalling pathways, the activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and p38 pathways, which are required forIL‐1β expression in keratinocytes, was inhibited by heparinoid treatment. The inhibitory effect of heparinoid onIL‐1βmRNAexpression was also confirmed with living skin equivalents. Our results demonstrated that heparinoid suppresses the initiation of keratinocyte‐mediated skin inflammation.
Stress intensity factor monitoring under cyclic loading by digital image correlation
Authors: Mokhtarishirazabad M. , Lopez‐Crespo P. , Zanganeh M.
Published: May 2018

In the present work, a methodology for structural health monitoring based on a combination of digital image correlation and an analytical elastic solution is presented. To this end, full‐field displacement around a crack tip in a CT sample made of 2024‐T351 Al alloy under cyclic loading was monitored at different load levels. An analytical solution based on Williams' model was used to evaluate the experimental value of the stress intensity factor (SIF) in a continuous fashion during cyclic loads. It was observed that by increasing the loading amplitude in the cyclic loading, the difference between nominal and experimental estimation of SIF increased due to the crack tip plasticity effect, which was not considered in the nominal evaluations. To consider the plasticity effect, Irwin's approach was employed. The results showed that the proposed method can successfully monitor the evolution of SIF of a sample under cyclic loading until the sudden fracture of the sample.
The New CLOCIT Irradiation Facility for 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology: Characterisation, Comparison with CLICIT and Implications for High‐Precision Geochronology
Authors: Rutte Daniel , Becker Tim A. , Deino Alan L. , Reese Steven R. , Renne Paul R. , Schickler Robert A.
Published: May 2018

The Cadmium‐Lined Outer‐Core Irradiation Tube (CLOCIT) is a new irradiation facility for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology at the Oregon State University TRIGA® reactor. We report fluence (i.e., time‐integrated flux) parameters from the first four CLOCIT irradiations and compare them with the existing Cadmium‐Lined Inner‐Core Irradiation Tube (CLICIT). CLOCIT provides an average neutron flux equivalent of 1.45–1.53 × 10−4 J h−1; about 55% of CLICIT. Radial fluence gradients were on the order of 0.2–4.2% cm−1. A planar fit of J‐values results in residuals in the range of uncertainty in the J‐value, but systematic deviations resolve a non‐planar component of the neutron flux field, which has also been observed in CLICIT. Axial neutron fluence gradients were 0.6–1% cm−1, compared with 0.7–1.6% cm−1 for the CLICIT. Production rate ratios of interfering reactions were (40Ar/39Ar)K = (4 ± 6) × 10−4 and (38Ar/39Ar)K = (1.208 ± 0.002) × 10−2, (36Ar/37Ar)Ca =  (2.649 ± 0.014) × 10−4, (38Ar/37Ar)Ca =  (3.33 ± 0.12) × 10−5 and (39Ar/37Ar)Ca =  (9.1 ± 0.28) × 10−4, similar to the CLICIT values.
Hydraulic Conductivity Calibration of Logging NMR in a Granite Aquifer, Laramie Range, Wyoming
Authors: Ren Shuangpo , Parsekian Andrew D. , Zhang Ye , Carr Bradley J.
Published: May 2018

In granite aquifers, fractures can provide both storage volume and conduits for groundwater. Characterization of fracture hydraulic conductivity (K) in such aquifers is important for predicting flow rate and calibrating models. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) well logging is a method to quickly obtain near‐borehole hydraulic conductivity (i.e., KNMR) at high‐vertical resolution. On the other hand, FLUTe flexible liner technology can produce a K profile at comparable resolution but requires a fluid driving force between borehole and formation. For three boreholes completed in a fractured granite, we jointly interpreted logging NMR data and FLUTe K estimates to calibrate an empirical equation for translating borehole NMR data to K estimates. For over 90% of the depth intervals investigated from these boreholes, the estimated KNMR are within one order of magnitude of KFLUTe. The empirical parameters obtained from calibrating the NMR data suggest that “intermediate diffusion” and/or “slow diffusion” during the NMR relaxation time may occur in the flowing fractures when hydraulic aperture are sufficiently large. For each borehole, “intermediate diffusion” dominates the relaxation time, therefore assuming “fast diffusion” in the interpretation of NMR data from fractured rock may lead to inaccurate KNMR estimates. We also compare calibrations using inexpensive slug tests that suggest reliable KNMR estimates for fractured rock may be achieved using limited calibration against borehole hydraulic measurements.
Bleeding score in type 1 von Willebrand disease patients using the condensed MCMDM‐1 vWD validated questionnaire
Authors: Pathare A. , Al Hajri F. , Al Omrani S. , Al Obaidani N. , Al Balushi B. , Al Falahi K.
Published: May 2018

Background

Assessment of the severity of bleeding symptom has led to the evolution of bleeding assessment tools which are now validated.

Aims

To administer the condensed molecular and clinical markers for the diagnosis and management of type 1 von Willebrand disease VWD (MCMDM‐1 vWD) questionnaire to the Omani type 1 vWD patients and correlate it with the laboratory parameters.

Methods

Patients and controls were personally interviewed and the condensed MCMDM‐1 vWD questionnaire administered by a single investigator. Bleeding score (BS) was calculated, based on the presence or absence of the bleeding symptoms according to a standard validated questionnaire in both the patients and the controls.

Results

The median age of the patient cohort was 27 (range, 7‐49) years with 60.87% of females. The median time to administer condensed MCMDM‐1 BS questionnaire was 11 minutes (interquartile range‐IQR;7,16). Overall, bleeding from the oral cavity was the most predominant symptom (63%). The median BS was 5 (IQR;1,8) although individual scores ranged between 0 and 29. However, there was no statistically significant difference in BS between genders (males: median 4; IQR 1,6 and females: median 5, IQR 1,10) (P > .05, Kruskal‐Wallis test) The Spearman's correlation value of BS was weak with FVIII:C levels and von Willebrand Ristocetin co‐factor activity; very weak with von Willebrand Antigen level, and moderate with vonWillebrand Collagen Binding activity being ‐0.29, −0.28, −0.14 and −0.43, respectively.

Conclusion

The BS reflects the severity of bleeding among the vWD patients. Although the BS was abnormal, it did not correlate significantly with the surrogate laboratory parameters [P > .05].
Integration of T‐cell receptor, Notch and cytokine signals programs mouse γδ T‐cell effector differentiation
Authors: Zarin Payam , In Tracy SH , Chen Edward LY , Singh Jastaranpreet , Wong Gladys W , Mohtashami Mahmood , Wiest David L , Anderson Michele K , Zúñiga‐Pflücker Juan Carlos
Published: May 2018

γδ T‐cells perform a wide range of tissue‐ and disease‐specific functions that are dependent on the effector cytokines produced by these cells. However, the aggregate signals required for the development of interferon‐γ (IFNγ) and interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) producing γδ T‐cells remain unknown. Here, we define the cues involved in the functional programming of γδ T‐cells, by examining the roles of T‐cell receptor (TCR), Notch, and cytokine‐receptor signaling. KN6 γδTCR‐transduced Rag2−/− T‐cell progenitors were cultured on stromal cells variably expressing TCR and Notch ligands, supplemented with different cytokines. We found that distinct combinations of these signals are required to program IFNγ versus IL‐17 producing γδ T‐cell subsets, with Notch and weak TCR ligands optimally enabling development of γδ17 cells in the presence of IL‐1β, IL‐21 and IL‐23. Notably, these cytokines were also shown to be required for the intrathymic development of γδ17 cells. Together, this work provides a framework of how signals downstream of TCR, Notch and cytokine receptors integrate to program the effector function of IFNγ and IL‐17 producing γδ T‐cell subsets.
BIM determines the number of merocytic dendritic cells, a cell type that breaks immune tolerance
Authors: Audiger Cindy , Lesage Sylvie
Published: May 2018

In contrast to conventional dendritic cells (cDC), when merocytic dendritic cells (mcDC) present antigens derived from apoptotic bodies, T‐cell anergy is reversed rather than induced, a process that promotes autoimmunity. Interestingly, mcDC are present in higher proportion in type 1 diabetes‐prone NOD mice than in autoimmune‐resistant B6 and BALB/c mice, and the Insulin‐dependent diabetes (Idd)13 locus is linked to mcDC proportion. Therefore, mcDC are notably associated with susceptibility to autoimmune diabetes. To identify which gene determines the proportion and absolute number of mcDC, we undertook a candidate gene approach by selecting relevant candidates within the Idd13 locus. We find that neither β2m nor Sirpa appear to influence the proportion of mcDC. Instead, we show that Bim effectively modulates mcDC number in a hematopoietic‐intrinsic manner. We also demonstrate that Bim‐deficiency does not impact other cDC subsets and appears to play a specific role in determining the proportion and absolute number of mcDC by promoting their survival. Together, these data demonstrate that Bim specifically modulates the number of mcDC. Identifying factors that facilitate apoptosis of mcDC by increasing BIM activity in a cell type‐specific manner may help prevent autoimmunity.
Expanding severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) surveillance beyond influenza: The process and data from 1 year of implementation in Vietnam
Authors: Alroy Karen A. , Do Trang Thuy , Tran Phu Dac , Dang Tan Quang , Vu Long Ngoc , Le Nga Thi Hang , Dang Anh Duc , Ngu Nghia Duy , Ngo Tu Huy , Hoang Phuong Vu Mai , Phan Lan Trong , Nguyen Thuong Vu , Nguyen Long Thanh , Nguyen Thinh Viet , Vien Mai Quang , Le Huy Xuan , Dao Anh The , Nguyen Trieu Bao , Pham Duoc Tho , Nguyen Van Thi Tuyet , Pham Thanh Ngoc , Phan Binh Hai , Whitaker Brett , Do Thuy Thi Thu , Dao Phuong Anh , Balajee S. Arunmozhi , Mounts Anthony W.
Published: May 2018

Background

In 2016, as a component of the Global Health Security Agenda, the Vietnam Ministry of Health expanded its existing influenza sentinel surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) to include testing for 7 additional viral respiratory pathogens. This article describes the steps taken to implement expanded SARI surveillance in Vietnam and reports data from 1 year of expanded surveillance.

Methods

The process of expanding the suite of pathogens for routine testing by real‐time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (rRT‐PCR) included laboratory trainings, procurement/distribution of reagents, and strengthening and aligning SARI surveillance epidemiology practices at sentinel sites and regional institutes (RI).

Results

Surveillance data showed that of 4003 specimens tested by the RI laboratories, 20.2% (n = 810) were positive for influenza virus. Of the 3193 influenza‐negative specimens, 41.8% (n = 1337) were positive for at least 1 non‐influenza respiratory virus, of which 16.2% (n = 518), 13.4% (n = 428), and 9.6% (n = 308) tested positive for respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and adenovirus, respectively.

Conclusions

The Government of Vietnam has demonstrated that expanding respiratory viral surveillance by strengthening and building upon an influenza platform is feasible, efficient, and practical.
Low‐temperature crystallization of La0.15Sr0.775TiO3 using ionic liquids
Authors: Mottram Lucy , Martin Daniel Z.C. , Reeves‐McLaren Nik , Boston Rebecca
Published: May 2018

The n‐type thermoelectric oxide La0.15Sr0.775TiO3 (LST) has been synthesized at 600°C using an ionic liquid method. The method uses the ionic liquid 1‐ethyl 3‐methylimidazolium acetate as the sole complexing agent: the lack of a second, carbon‐rich template decreases the quantity of reduced intermediate phases which form during heating. By suppressing these phases, greatly reduced temperatures can be used to crystallize the perovskite LST phase, on the nanoscale. These nanoparticles have the potential to be used to increase the figure of merit in n‐type thermoelectric oxide devices.
A vibrational study of phase transitions in Fe2P2O7 and Cr2P2O7 under high‐pressures
Authors: Blanc Nicolas A. , Williams Quentin , El Bali Brahim , Essehli Rachid
Published: May 2018

The vibrational properties of synthetic iron diphosphate (Fe2P2O7) and chromium diphosphate (Cr2P2O7) are studied under high‐pressure conditions between ~22 and ~30 GPa, respectively. Each compound's structural response to pressure and pressure‐induced phase transitions are characterized. The chromium‐bearing sample shows coalescence of infrared bands occurring near 6 and 17 GPa: these may be associated with increases in the local symmetry of the P2O7 group. The iron sample undergoes a first‐order phase transition near ~9 GPa, and a possible phase transition near 5.5 GPa. At 9 GPa, the initially single, strong symmetric PO4 stretching mode splits into four modes, and the sole asymmetric PO4 stretching mode splits into two bands. These changes indicate the presence of multiple tetrahedral environments within a larger volume unit cell, and the relative frequencies of the split vibrations indicate a P2O7 environment with a markedly narrowed P–O–P angle. The difference between the behavior of the iron and chromium compounds is probably generated by the smaller iron ion producing a discontinuous decrease in the P–O–P angle at lower pressures than in the analogous chromium compound. Our results demonstrate that the dimerized P2O7 group remains stable under compression to over 20‐30 GPa at 300 K.
Cost‐effectiveness of forced air warming during sedation in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory
Authors: Conway Aaron , Duff Jed , Sutherland Joanna
Published: May 2018

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine the cost‐effectiveness of forced air warming (FAW) during sedation in a cardiac catheterisation laboratory.

Background

Forced air warming improves thermal comfort in comparison with standard care. It is not known whether the extra costs required for FAW are good value.

Design

Cost‐effectiveness analysis alongside a randomized controlled trial conducted in 2016–2017.

Methods

A cost‐effectiveness analysis was undertaken using Monte Carlo simulations from input distributions to estimate costs and effects associated with using FAW to reduce risk of thermal discomfort for patients receiving sedation in a cardiac catheterisation laboratory. A range of willingness to pay threshold values were tested with results plotted on a cost‐effectiveness acceptability curve. Costs were calculated in Australian currency ($AUD).

Results

Estimated total costs were $5.21 (SD 3.26) higher per patient for FAW in comparison to standard care. Estimated probability of success (rating of thermal comfort) was 0.16 (0.06) higher for FAW. Forced air warming becomes more likely to result in a net benefit than standard care at a willingness to pay threshold of $34.

Conclusion

Forced air warming could be considered cost‐effective for procedures performed with sedation in a cardiac catheterisation laboratory if the extra cost of an incremental gain in thermal comfort is less than the decision maker's willingness to pay for it. Therefore, those responsible for decision‐making regarding use of FAW in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory can use results of our model to decide if it represents good value for their organisation.
The importance of contextual, relational and cognitive factors for novice nurses’ emotional state and affective commitment to the profession. A multilevel study
Authors: Hoeve Yvonne ten , Brouwer Jasperina , Roodbol Petrie F. , Kunnen Saskia
Published: May 2018

Aim

This study explored the effects of contextual, relational and cognitive factors derived from novice nurses’ work experiences on emotions and affective commitment to the profession.

Background

With an increasing demand for well‐trained nurses, it is imperative to investigate which work‐related factors most affect their commitment to develop effective strategies to improve work conditions, work satisfaction and emotional attachment.

Design

A repeated measures within subjects design.

Methods

From September 2013–September 2014 eighteen novice nurses described work‐related experiences in unstructured diaries and scored their emotional state and affective commitment on a scale. The themes that emerged from the 18 diaries (with 580 diary entries) were quantified as contextual, relational and cognitive factors. Contextual factors refer to complexity of care and existential events; relational factors to experiences with patients, support from colleagues, supervisors and physicians; cognitive factors to nurses’ perceived competence.

Results

The first multilevel regression analysis, based on the 18 diaries with 580 entries, showed that complexity of care, lack of support and lack of competence were negatively related to novice nurses’ affective commitment, whereas received support was positively related. The next multilevel regression analyses showed that all contextual, relational and cognitive factors were either related to negative or positive emotions.

Conclusion

To retain novice nurses in the profession, it is important to provide support and feedback. This enables novice nurses to deal with the complexity of care and feelings of incompetence and to develop a professional commitment.
The impact of early psychosocial intervention on self‐efficacy of care recipient/carer dyads living with early‐stage dementia—A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Stockwell‐Smith Gillian , Moyle Wendy , Kellett Ursula
Published: May 2018

Aim

To evaluate the effect of a targeted community‐based psychosocial intervention on self‐efficacy outcomes for care recipient/carer dyads living with early‐stage dementia.

Background

There is increasing interest in the role of self‐efficacy and self‐management structures in determining positive outcomes for people with dementia. The assumption is that care recipient/carer dyads who receive early support to identify and adjust to dementia‐related changes will cope better in the long term.

Design

An explanatory sequential mixed‐method design was employed. Primarily quantitative with qualitative data providing a supportive secondary role to expand on and illuminate the quantitative findings.

Methods

Eighty‐eight dyads were recruited and allocated on a regional basis to an intervention or control group. Intervention group dyads received the Early Diagnosis Dyadic Intervention. Control group dyads received two information manuals. Quantitative data were collected at three time points. Qualitative data were collected via evaluation questionnaires and semistructured interviews.

Results

Intervention structure, content, and delivery were acceptable to the dyads but few quantitative self‐efficacy findings reached statistical significance. Improvements in self‐efficacy were evident in the postintervention evaluation qualitative responses where dyads expressed greater confidence in identifying and accessing community support.

Conclusion

There is an urgent need for effective psychosocial interventions to help reduce the impact of dementia symptoms on patients, carers, and society. This study makes an important contribution to our understanding of the capacity of psychosocial interventions to improve self‐efficacy outcomes for care recipient/carer dyads with early‐stage dementia while also illustrating the challenges associated with measuring self‐efficacy in the early stages of the condition.
Nurses’ needs for care robots in integrated nursing care services
Authors: Lee Jai‐Yon , Song Young Ae , Jung Ji Young , Kim Hyun Jeong , Kim Bo Ram , Do Hyun‐Kyung , Lim Jae‐Young
Published: May 2018

Aims

To determine the need for care robots among nurses and to suggest how robotic care should be prioritized in integrated nursing care services.

Background

Korea is expected to be a super‐aged society by 2030. To solve care issues with elderly inpatient caused by informal caregivers, the government introduced “integrated nursing care services”; these are comprehensive care systems staffed by professionally trained nurses. To assist them, a care robot development project has been launched.

Design

The study applied a cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

In 2016, we conducted a multicentre survey involving 302 Registered Nurses in five hospitals including three tertiary and two secondary hospitals in Korea. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of nurses and their views on and extents of agreement about issues associated with robotic care.

Results

Trial centre nurses and those with ≥10 years of experience reported positively on the prospects for robotic care. The top‐three desired primary roles for care robots were “measuring/monitoring”, “mobility/activity” and “safety care”. “Reduction in workload”, especially in terms of “other nursing services” which were categorized as nonvalue‐added nursing activities, was the most valued feature. The nurses approved of the aid by care robots but were concerned about device malfunction and interruption of rapport with patients.

Conclusion

Care robots are expected to be effective in integrated nursing care services, particularly in “measuring/monitoring”. Such robots should decrease nurses’ workload and minimize nonvalue‐added nursing activities efficiently. No matter how excellent care robots are, they must cooperate with and be controlled by nurses.
A case study of nurse practitioner care compared with general practitioner care for children with respiratory tract infections
Authors: van Vugt Saskia F. , van de Pol Alma C. , Cleveringa Frits G.W. , Stellato Rebecca K. , Kappers Marieke P. , de Wit Niek J. , Damoiseaux Roger A.M.J.
Published: May 2018

Aim

To compare quality of care provided by nurse practitioners (NP) with care provided by general practitioners (GP) for children with respiratory tract infections (RTI) in the Netherlands.

Background

Nurse practitioners increasingly manage acute conditions in general practice, with opportunities for more protocolled care. Studies on quality of NPs’ care for children with RTIs are limited to theUShealthcare system and do not take into account baseline differences in illness severity.

Design

Retrospective observational cohort study.

Methods

Data were extracted from electronic healthcare records of children 0–6 years presenting with RTI between January–December 2013. Primary outcomes were antibiotic prescriptions and early return visits. Generalized estimating equations were used to correct for potential confounders.

Results

A total of 899 RTI consultations were assessed (168 seen by NP; 731 by GP). Baseline characteristics differed between these groups. Overall antibiotic prescription and early return visit rates were 21% and 24%, respectively. Adjusted odds ratio for antibiotic prescription after NP vs. GP delivered care was 1.40 (95% confidence interval 0.89–2.22) and for early return visits 1.53 (95% confidence interval 1.01–2.31). Important confounder for antibiotic prescription was illness severity. Presence of wheezing was a confounder for return visits. Complication and referral rates did not differ.

Conclusion

Antibiotic prescription, complication and referral rates for paediatric RTI consultations did not differ significantly between NP and GP consultations, after correction for potential confounders. General practitioners, however, see more severely ill children and have a lower return visit rate. A randomised controlled study is needed to determine whether NP care quality is truly noninferior.
A mixed‐method systematic review of the effectiveness and acceptability of preoperative psychological preparation programmes to reduce paediatric preoperative anxiety in elective surgery
Authors: Dai Ying , Livesley Joan
Published: May 2018

Aim

To explore the effectiveness of preoperative psychological preparation programmes aimed to reduce paediatric preoperative anxiety and the potential factors that could have an impact on parent and children's acceptance of such interventions.

Background

Various preoperative psychological preparation programmes are available to address paediatric preoperative anxiety. No mixed‐method review has been conducted to explore the effectiveness and acceptability of these programmes.

Design

A mixed‐method systematic review.

Data sources

Seven bibliographic databases were searched from inception to September 2016, complemented by hand searching of key journals, the reference lists of relevant reviews, search for grey literature and the contacting of associated experts.

Review methods

The review process was conducted based on the framework developed by the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co‐ordinating Centre. A narrative summary and a thematic synthesis were developed to synthesize the quantitative and qualitative data respectively, followed by a third synthesis to combine the previous syntheses.

Results

Nineteen controlled trials and eleven qualitative studies were included for data synthesis. The controlled trials reveal that educational multimedia applications and web‐based programmes may reduce paediatric preoperative anxiety, while the effectiveness of therapeutic play and books remains uncertain. Qualitative studies showed parent–child dyads seek different levels of information.

Conclusions

Providing matched information provision to each parent and child, actively involving children and their parents and teaching them coping skills, may be the essential hallmarks of a successful preoperative psychological preparation. Further research is necessary to confirm the effectiveness of therapeutic play and books.