bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diabetic Papillopathy and Papillophlebitis
Authors: ÖNCÜL Hasan , DİNÇ Hüseyin
Published: October 2024

Diabetic papillopathy is a rare ocular finding in patients with diabetes mellitus. Optic disc edema accompanying minimal visual changes caused by diabetic papillopathy distinguishes it from other optic neuropathies. The pathophysiology of diabetic papillopathy is still not clearly understood. Patients with diabetic papillopathy tend to be asymptomatic, but they may present to the clinic with mild blurred vision. Diagnosis can be made by excluding other possible causes of optic disc swelling. Diabetic papillopathy is essentially a diagnosis of exclusion. For this reason, the differential diagnoses in these patients need to be well known. There are no proven treatment options for diabetic papillopathy. However, since these patients often recover on their own, following the patients without treatment seems to be a reasonable approach for now.
Papillophlebitis is a rare condition look like as incomplete central retinal vein occlusion due to optic disc edema and hemorrhages at the disc edge. It typically occurs in young, healthy women with acute, painless unilateral vision loss or blurred vision, optic disc edema, and retinal vein engorgement. Diagnosis is made by excluding other possible causes. There is no evidence-based, accepted treatment method for papillophlebitis.
Anterior Optic Neuropathies without Optic Disc Edema
Authors: DALDAL Hatice , BİRGÜL Ramazan
Published: October 2024

Anterior optic neuropathies in which the optic discs appear normal include nutritional optic neuropathy, vitamin B12 or folate deficiencies, toxic optic neuropathy due to drugs and heavy metals, and hereditary optic neuropathy. When these conditions become chronic, optic atrophy can occur. Treatment of these diseases, which can cause dramatic vision loss, should be done quickly and permanent neuronal damage should be prevented as much as possible. Therefore, this group of diseases should always be kept in mind by clinicians in cases of unexplained visual loss.
Posterior Optic Neuropathies
Authors: GÜLMEZ SEVİM Duygu , OZER Furkan
Published: October 2024

Posterior optic neuritis refers to a group of rarer diseases of optic neuritis. Similar to anterior optic neuropathies, they can cause decreased visual acuity and optic nerve dysfunction. Although they can be caused by various causes, corticosteroids are important in their treatment. A multidisciplinary approach with ophthalmologists may be required in their management.
Optic Nerve Head in Case of Increased Intraocular Pressure, High Intracranial Pressure and Increased Intracranial Pressure with Simultaneous Intraocular Pressure
Authors: GÜNGÖR Kıvanç , SEYYAR Sevim Ayça
Published: October 2024

The optic nerve, as part of the central nervous system, is surrounded by meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This review discusses the effects of increased intraocular pressure (IOP), elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), and the simultaneous rise in both pressures on the optic nerve head (ONH). Increased IOP, caused by the balance of aqueous humor production and drainage, can lead to glaucomatous optic neuropathy, particularly through mechanical and ischemic damage to the lamina cribrosa. Elevated ICP, characterized by increased CSF pressure, can result in optic nerve edema, impairing axonal transport and blood flow. The complex interactions between IOP and ICP are critical for understanding their combined impact on ONH deformation and glaucomatous damage. It is essential to consider both pressures in clinical evaluations and treatment strategies for optic nerve-related diseases. Recent studies suggest that both IOP and ICP influence the optic nerve head morphology and pathology, highlighting the importance of comprehensive management approaches. Further research is needed to elucidate the intricate dynamics of IOP and ICP in the pathogenesis of optic nerve diseases.
Use of Electrophysiology in the Diagnosis of Optic Nerve Disorders
Authors: ARDA Hatice
Published: October 2024

Visual electrodiagnostic tests are non invasive, easily applicable that enable objective evaluation of the functions of the visual pathways. The most preferred among these test are; electroretinography (ERG), pattern electroretinography (PERG), electrooculography (EOG) and visual evoked potential (VEP). ERG is used to evaluate retinal functions especially rod and cone responses. PERG is used to evaluate functions of macular and retinal ganglion cells. EOG is used to evaluate retinal pigment epithelium functions. VEP is preferred method for evaluating the visual pathways up to the optic nerve and occipital cortex as a whole. Photopic negative response (PhNR) is originates from the electrical activity of amacrine and glial cells and also mostly retinal ganglion cells. In this study, VEP, PERG and PhNR tests which are the most preferred in the diagnosis of optic nerve disorders, will be mainly mentioned.
Epidemiology of Pediatric Retinal Detachment and the Surgical Anatomy of Pediatric Eyes
Authors: POLAT Osman Ahmet , AKKUL Zeynep
Published: October 2024

Retinal detachment (RD) is a common cause of blindness across the adult population in comparison to the pediatric population. Pediatric retinal detachment (PRD) is a rare and compelling clinical entity and is different in comparison to adult RD, due to different etiology, anatomical features, management, and prognosis. Pediatric retinal detachments can be challenging even for expert vitreoretinal surgeons because of the higher prevalence of total retinal detachment (RD), bilateral involvement and late diagnosis. Furthermore, even if anatomical success is achieved with surgery, it is not always related to a full functional recovery. This review handles the epidemiology and surgical anatomy of pediatric retinal detachments.
Preoperative Evaluation, Informed Consent and Postoperative Care in Pediatric Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: MUTLU Kayhan , GÜRLEVİK Uğur , YAŞAR Erdoğan
Published: October 2024

In childhood, vitreoretinal surgery may be required due to trauma and some congenital or developmental disorders. Pediatric vitreoretinal surgery differs from that of adults in terms of etiology, anatomical and surgical characteristics, response to treatment and follow-up. This process has many challenges that require patient follow-up over many years as the child develops. Pre-operative preparation according to the age of the patient and the nature of the pathology will make it easier for the surgeon to manage all the processes. The consent of the child must be obtained in accordance with the child's cognitive abilities, in addition to the informed consent of the family. Despite surgical and technological advances in pediatric vitrectomy, anatomical and functional outcomes are worse than in adults. This article discusses pediatric vitreoretinal surgery in terms of preoperative preparation, informed consent and follow-up.
Equipment and Instruments in Pediatric Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: IŞIK Mehmed Uğur , YOZGAT Zübeyir , KAVAKLI Sadık
Published: October 2024

In this section, special considerations regarding vitreoretinal instrumentation when planning pediatric retinal surgery are evaluated. Instrumentation was designed considering the distinct anatomical and physiological differences in the pediatric population. Instrumentation used in the pediatric population, including eyelid speculum, scleral buckling elements, visualization systems, 25 and 27G short vitrectomy packs, and sutures, is discussed, which may include differences. In addition to instrument design, modifications and techniques used in surgical steps that differ from adults were also evaluated. With awareness of these differences, complications can be prevented and optimum treatment effectiveness may be achieved with the surgeon's operational management.
Vitreoretinal Surgery in Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy
Authors: AKAR Solmaz
Published: October 2024

Familial exudative retinopathy(FEVR) is a hereditary vitreoretinal disorder characterized by anomalous retinal angiogenesis. Incomplete peripheral retinal vascularization and subsequent retinal ischemia are the hallmark features of FEVR, which can cause various types of retinal detachment. The development of retinal detachment is %21-64 of the cases. The aim of this study is to summarize the treatment methods applied to different types of detachments occuring in FEVR.
Abnormalities of the Conjunctiva, Sclera, Cornea, and Anterior Chamber in Pathological Myopia
Authors: AYTOĞAN Hasan , DORAN Mehmet Ali
Published: October 2024

Pathological myopia is characterized by typical complications in the fundus resulting from the progression of high myopia. These complications include posterior staphyloma, myopic maculopathy, and widespread choroidal atrophy. This review aims to understand the abnormalities of the conjunctiva, sclera, cornea, and anterior chamber associated with pathological myopia.Patients with pathological myopia are found to be more prone to the dry eye syndrome. This condition is explained by increased axial length, increased proptosis, and rapid evaporation of the tear film. Children with allergic conjunctivitis are shown to have a higher risk of developing myopia and that finding is explained with induced retinal inflammation promoting myopia progression. Posterior staphyloma is one of the diagnostic features of pathological myopia, which can lead to the development of myopic maculopathy. It occurs due to changes in the curvature of the sclera. It is challenging to find a direct relationship between pathological myopia and corneal or anterior chamber abnormalities. Besides, searches for components of pathological myopia have not yielded sufficient results.
Understanding the anterior segment abnormalities associated with pathological myopia can play a significant role in the treatment and management of the disease. Future researches should focus on the etiology of axial elongation and factors related to the formation of posterior staphyloma. If the pathogenesis of staphylomas can be elucidated, more specific treatment methods may be developed.
Vitreoretinal Interface Abnormalities in Pathologic Myopia (Myopic Traction Maculopathy)
Authors: ÇEVİK KAYA Seda , SÖNMEZ Kenan
Published: October 2024

Myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) is an umbrella term proposed to describe the spectrum of pathologic anatomic changes in the macula of pathologic myopic eyes, including vitreomacular traction, macular foveoschisis and myopic macular hole, affecting a large proportion of eyes with pathologic myopia. In this review, we aim to share information about the diagnosis, clinical features and treatment of MTM.
Peripheral Retinal Abnormalities and Retinal Detachment in Pathologic Myopia
Authors: SIRAKAYA Ender , IŞIN Muhammed Numan , AZİZ Yunus Naci
Published: October 2024

Pathological myopia is associated with changes in various structures of the eye, primarily the retina. Peripheral retinal degenerations are common findings in patients, and serious vision loss can develop as a result of retinal detachment, whether or not it occurs on a background of degeneration. The dynamic interaction between the retina and the vitreous plays an important role in the formation of degenerations and the development of retinal detachment with tears. A careful retinal examination that evaluates all quadrants during patient check-ups can prevent permanent vision loss by conducting risk analyses for observed degenerations and holes and taking appropriate precautions.
Ocular Motility Disorders in Pathologic Myopia
Authors: DURSUN Erdem
Published: October 2024

Myopia describes a refractive condition of the eye in which light rays are focused in front of the retina and is typically associated with axial elongation. The prevalence of myopia ranges from 0.8% to 75% in various population surveys. It has the highest prevalence in Asian populations. Myopia is associated with an increased risk of cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration, choroidal neovascularization, peripheral retinal degeneration and retinal detachment. Myopia may also be associated with abnormal ocular mobility. Strabismus associated with myopia can present in a variety of ways. In this review article, we will discuss the issues related to ocular motility disorders in pathologic myopic patients known as myopic strabismus fixus.
Prevention of Myopia Development in Children and Adolescents and Precautions
Authors: IŞIK Püren
Published: October 2024

Myopia has increased epidemically in recent years and has become a global epidemic with significant public health implications. Identifying children at risk of developing myopia and implementing strategies to prevent or delay the onset of myopia can significantly reduce the burden of myopia on the individual and society. The strong causal role of education and time spent outdoors on myopia development suggests that lifestyle changes can be applied as preventive measures to children at risk, significantly impacting the myopia epidemic by preventing myopia onset and associated ocular pathologies.
Current Treatment of Pathological Myopia and Sclera-Targeted Therapies
Authors: HOROZOĞLU CERAN Tuğçe
Published: October 2024

Myopia is a refractive error that arises from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of myopia. As the prevalence of myopia increases, so does the frequency of complications leading to vision loss associated with pathological myopia. Therefore, various methods and treatments are being explored to halt and prevent the progression of myopia in children. In myopia control, spending time outdoors, the use of low-dose atropine, and new generation lens technologies are being investigated. Spending more time outdoors appears to be the most reliable strategy. While some new lens designs seem to be quite effective in preventing progression, recent studies have shown that the expected success from atropine has not been achieved. Further research is needed on the long-term effects of combining different methods.
Economic Assessment of Technological Effect in the Implementation of Research and Innovation Projects
Authors:   Management Department, North-West Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Sergeev I.B.
Published: October 2024

The article considers the actual methodological problem of taking into account external positive effects when evaluating research and innovation projects. It shows the importance of the technological effect received by society, characterized by the growth of new scientific and technical knowledge and its dissemination in the sectors of the economy. The following research methods were used: cost-benefit analysis, statistical and strategic analysis. It is shown that the constraining factor in the development of the high-tech sector of the economy is the low investment attractiveness of research and innovation projects, associated with a simplified methodological approach to their evaluation. The standard methodology based on the evaluation of projects for entrepreneur-investors does not include the whole list of effects and results obtained by society, and therefore does not allow to fully assess the positive effects for the economy as a whole. Based on the sources, the experience of researchers in terms of application of modern approaches to the evaluation of research and innovation projects, where attempts to take into account such external positive effects are made. The algorithm of economic evaluation of technological effect in the implementation of innovation projects based on a three-level model is proposed, which allows taking into account both market results (for the entrepreneur-investor) and non-market results (for society as a whole), including the effect of creating a new scientific and technological backlog for future projects that are important for the scientific and technological development of the country. The conclusion formulates the arguments for the expediency of using the proposed method.
Relevant Aspects of Spatial Research in the Context of the Noonomy Theory
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Molchanov I.N. , Molchanova N.P. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: October 2024

The paper focuses on relevant aspects of spatial research of the national economy, logically emerging from the accumulated basis of scientific works of Russian scientists in various areas of the new field of scientific knowledge – noonomy, the main provisions of which were formulated by S. D. Bodrunov. The scale and significance of the changes taking place in Russian national economy in the context of new reality, their expected influence on the training of specialists in higher professional education institutions and the formation of a person in noosociety are shown. The problematic issues of higher education transformation are elaborated on considering the main provisions of the theory of strategizing, the scientific foundations of which are laid in the works of V. L. Kvint. The timeliness of intensifying interregional and cross-country spatial research is substantiated in connection with changing vectors of international economic cooperation in the context of the emergence of a multipolar world. Based on an analysis of the works of Russian scholars, the author presents possible vectors for the development of theoretical, methodological and exploratory spatial research aimed at creating resource-saving technologies and a circular economy, preserving a human-friendly natural environment, and creating innovative production and social infrastructure. The author identifies prerequisites contributing to the formation of creative potential of the individual, the strengthening and improvement of social relations and argues that they are based on the preservation of human potential, the priority of family values, and the creation of equal living conditions in urban and rural areas.
РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ И ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗНООБРАЗИЕ ГЕМОСПОРИДИЙ (Apicomplexa, Haemosporida) ВОРОБЬИНЫХ ПТИЦ БЕЛОГО МОРЯ
Authors: Ерохина М. М. , Платонова Е. В. , Давыдов А. А. , Мухин А. Л.
Published: October 2024

Avian haemosporidian parasites (Haemosporida) are widespread among passerine birds. While long considered benign, detailed studies revealed severe consequences, including tissue/organ damage and mortality. Climate change exacerbates the spread of blood-sucking vectors of haemosporidian parasites from southern tropical regions into new northern regions. In our study, we focused on the diversity of three most prevalent haemosporidian parasite genera infecting birds in the White Sea region: Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon. We found haemosporidian parasites in 60% of sampled passerine birds, with prevalent co-infections, necessitating further genetic analysis. Despite challenges and a small sample size, we identified unique parasite lineages underscoring the need for ongoing research. Additionally, we identified seven malaria genetic lineages in 11 birds from five species, with three lineages likely originating from tropical Africa. Our findings highlight the importance of monitoring haemosporidian parasites spread in northern avian populations, especially amid changing environmental conditions.
РОЛЬ ТРЕХИГЛОЙ КОЛЮШКИ В ПРИБРЕЖНЫХ ЭКОСИСТЕМАХ БЕЛОГО МОРЯ – ДОНОР ИЛИ АКЦЕПТОР?
Authors: Иванов М. В. , Демчук А. С. , Зеленская Н. Е. , Иванова Т. С. , Полякова Н. В. , Головин П. В. , Лайус Д. Л.
Published: October 2024

The goal of the work is to investigate the role of threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus in the transfer of substances and energy between the open sea and coastal communities in the White Sea. Five main coastal biotopes habitats in the White Sea were described and their role in spawning of stickleback was evaluated. Almost all sticklebacks (1.9 billion) spawn in the western part of the sea. Approaching the inshore zone to spawn, stickleback brings a significant amount of substance and energy – 6200 tons in fish bodies and 800 tons in eggs. Coastal predators utiliz only 1–2% of this due to their low numbers. The stickleback itself consumes 90–95% of the spawned eggs mainly by destroying nests. Since the stickleback eats mostly its own eggs, it put a low pressure on the coastal prey organisms. The main mortality of stickleback occurs after spawning in the open sea.
СЕВЕРНЫЕ (таежные, тундрово-таежные) ВИДЫ В ФАУНЕ МЛЕКОПИТАЮЩИХ СРЕДНЕГО ПРИАМУРЬЯ
Authors: Кадетова А. А. , Емельянова Л. Г.
Published: October 2024

The Middle Amur river region (left bank of the Amur river from the Zeya basin to the Ussuri) covers vast territory with boreal, nemoral and steppe landscapes interference but with no significant geographical barriers. Mammal fauna fallows the territory’s sophisticated structure with a great mix of different faunistic elements. The paper shows the change of northern (boreal, tundra-and-boreal, mountain-boreal) groups’ role from their leadership (43% of fauna in the northmost part – Tokinsko-Stanovoy National Park) to small numbers in the south-east (20% in Bolshekhekhtsirsky Reserve).
​ ОЦЕНКА ПИТАТЕЛЬНОГО СТАТУСА PINUS SYLVESTRIS И LARIX SIBIRICA НА ФОНОВЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ ИРКУТСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Калугина О. В. , Афанасьева Л. В.
Published: October 2024

Elemental chemical composition changes of Pinus sylvestris and Larix sibirica needles growing in different subzones of the taiga were revealed. It has been determined that compared to P. sylvestris, L. sibirica needles exhibit a higher degree of mineral nutrition element accumulation. In the subzone of the southern taiga, where natural conditions are severer, more nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium accumulate in the needles of light-coniferous tree species; in the sub-taiga subzone, where the climate is milder, more calcium, magnesium, and manganese accumulate. Tree-stands differ in the type of nutrition: in pine, when moving towards the southern taiga subzone, it changes from calcium-nitrogen to potassium-nitrogen, in larch – from potassium-nitrogen to silicon-nitrogen.
ФИЗИОЛОГО-БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ АДАПТАЦИИ МОЛОДИ ГОРБУШИ К УСЛОВИЯМ ОБИТАНИЯ В РЕКАХ СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОЧНОГО ПОБЕРЕЖЬЯ КАМЧАТКИ
Authors: Кальченко Е. И. , Зикунова О. В. , Городовская C. Б. , Попков А. А.
Published: October 2024

As a result of the studies, it was found that pink salmon juveniles from the rivers of the northeastern coast ofKamchatka, which develop at lower water temperatures, differ in growth, oogenesis rate and biochemical status.
ВЛИЯНИЕ УСЛОВИЙ ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ НА ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНУЮ МОДИФИКАЦИЮ И ДЕГРАДАЦИЮ БЕЛКОВ В ОРГАНАХ РАДУЖНОЙ ФОРЕЛИ (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Канцерова Н. П. , Суховска И. В. , Лысенко Л. А.
Published: October 2024

Rainbow trout is a typical coldwater species that is highly susceptible to high water temperatures, hypoxia and environmentally induced oxidative stress followed by high mortality and growth depression under rearing conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of environmental factors on protein oxidation and proteolysis as well as on mortality in farmed rainbow trout. Fish mortality increased during periods of exposure to unfavourable factors – overwintering, summer increases in water temperature, hypoxia, and infectious diseases. Protein carbonyl content and protease activity showed a correlation with fish growth rate, corresponding to the level of total metabolism and oxidative processes. In fish affected by high water temperature, hypoxia, or infectious disease, the physiological dynamics of protein carbonyl formation and elimination have been disrupted. Bacterial infection and summer water temperature increases associated with hypoxia lead to the most severe development of oxidative stress in the organs of reared rainbow trout.
КОНЦЕПЦИЯ ТРЕТЬЕГО ПОЛЮСА КАК СВЯЗУЮЩЕЕ ЗВЕНО В МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ АРКТИКИ И ВЫСОКОГОРИЙ
Authors: Кирпотин С. Н. , Демберел О. , Ховалыг А. О. , Волков И. В. , Волкова И. И.
Published: October 2024

The Third Pole (TP) region includes high mountain regions of Asia, including the Tibetan Plateau, the Himalayas and their surrounding mountains, as well as the Pamir Plateau, Tien Shan Mountains and Altai Mountains. It contains glaciers with an area of more than 100.000 km2, containing the largest volume of ice outside the Arctic and the Antarctic. Since the mid-20th century, large glaciers of the Russian Altai have already lost up to 7% of their area, retreating to a distance of 400 to 2300 m. In the Mongolian Altai, the area of glaciers has correspondingly decreased by 44.7% from 1970 to 2008, and some small glaciers have completely melted. Based on the concept of the Third Pole, we propose conducting comparative interdisciplinary international studies of climate-related changes in the environment, biodiversity and land use systems in two bordering regions: the Mongolian Altai (Mongolia) and the Russian Altai (the Russian Federation).
ОСЕННЯЯ МИГРАЦИЯ ГЛУХИХ КУКУШЕК (Cuculus optatus) ПО ДАННЫМ СПУТНИКОВОГО ПРОСЛЕЖИВАНИЯ ИЗ ЗАПАДНОЙ И ВОСТОЧНОЙ СИБИРИ, КОРЕЙСКОГО ПОЛУОСТРОВА И о. САХАЛИН
Authors: Ктиторов П. С. , Нурани Э. , Ли Д.-В. , Парк Д.-Й. , Ким Д.-В. , Куликова О. Я. , Го Д.-С. , Марковец М. Ю. , Ча М.-Ч. , Чернецов Н. С. , Ли Д.-Й. , Симонов С. А. , Чой Ю.-С. , Гашков С. И. , Хур В.-Х. , Матанцева М. В. , Анисимов Ю. А. , Анисимова В. И. , Викельский М.
Published: October 2024

In our tracking study we recorded migration patterns unexpected for a forest species. In contrast to all known migration strategies of landbirds breeding in the East Asia, cuckoos breeding across Siberia, in China and in Korean Peninsula take the direct route over the open sea towards their wintering grounds in Indonesia and Australia, in some cases without stopping over on islands on their way. Birds breeding on Sakhalin Island perform non-stop Pacific Ocean crossing from Honshu Island in Japan towards Papua New Guinea. We found that cuckoos travel mostly without wind support, moreover, they fight with headwinds which dominate in the region in September, and are sometimes blown by super-typhoons. Presumably, this species is constrained by inherited migration program, forcing cuckoos to take risky journey for the sake of more direct orientation towards wintering grounds.
ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ СЕВЕРНЫХ ЭКОСИСТЕМ ДАЛЬНЕГО ВОСТОКА И РАЙОНОВ АРКТИКИ
Authors: Васюнова О. И.
Published: October 2024

This paper provides a brief overview of vegetation formation, soil functioning, and microbiota adaptability in the northern districts. An ecosystem is a set of cohabiting organisms and their conditions of existence, which are in a natural relationship with each other and form a system of interdependent biotic and abiotic phenomena and processes. An important feature of the northern territories, along with high reserves of natural resources, is their strong vulnerability and low recovery capacity of ecosystems, which manifest themselves as such characteristics as: small species diversity, low primary biological productivity, etc. The study of these territories corresponds to the strategy under the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 10.26.2020 No. 645 «On the Strategy for the Development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and ensuring national security until 2035», according to which it is necessary to pay great attention to ensuring environmental and biological safety in the implementation of state policy on the development of the Arctic
СООБЩЕСТВА МЕЛКИХ МЛЕКОПИТАЮЩИХ ЯКУТИИ В ГРАДИЕНТЕ ЭКОЛОГО-ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЙ
Authors: Вольперт Я. Л. , Шадрина Е. Г.
Published: October 2024

The study of small mammal communities was carried out on the territory of Yakutia in 1979–2023. A total of 12 sites in the valleys of large Yakutian rivers were examined, with a total of 50 000 cone-days. The study covered the middle taiga (including the southern bound), the northern woodlands, forest-tundra, and tundra in the valleys. It has been established that each landscape corresponds to specific communities, which differ primarily in structure. The group of community-forming species includes 7 small mammal species. As we move northward within the taiga zone, the composition and community structure change: monodominance increases, dominants differ regularly, which ensures the coexistence of a number of species with similar requirements to the ecological niche. The latter two phenomena periodically provide a high abundance of a wide range of species in conditions of resource deficit and severe pressure of the climatic factors.
БЕСКОРМНАЯ СУША, УНЫЛЫЙ ЛАНДШАФТ: ПТИЦЫ В ЭКОСИСТЕМЕ ВЫСОКОШИРОТНОГО ИЗОЛИРОВАННОГО о. ВИЗЕ, КАРСКОЕ МОРЕ
Authors: Гаврило М. В. , Чупин И. И. , Пчелинцев В. Г.
Published: October 2024

High-Arctic remote small offshore Wiese Island with its harsh climate, monotonous lowland landscape (max 22 m a. s. l.) and exposed thermoabrasional shores alternated with lifeless lagoons provide limited habitats for birds. Scares vegetation, absence of local insects and terrestrial mammals strictly limit land food resources. Avifauna totals 29 taxa of 6 orders including 8 breeding species (dominated by gulls and terns), 11 migrants, and 10 vagrants. Most birds depend on marine food, while abundance of purple sandpiper and snow bunting is extremely low. The most abundant breeding species is rare Red-listed Ivory gull. Abandoned small settlement provides additional nesting and feeding habitats, it recently allowed cliff-breeding Kittiwakes to establish colonies, and represent nowadays bird hotspot. In turn, Kittiwakes act as ecosystem engineers as they transport nutrients from sea to land and facilitate dispersal of insects. Low diverse breeding bird fauna is more than doubled by transit migrants as well as enriched by vagrants during warm seasons.
ПОДГОТОВКА КАДАСТРА ЖИВОТНОГО МИРА КАМЧАТСКОГО КРАЯ В РАЗДЕЛЕ «ПТИЦЫ»
Authors: Герасимов Ю. Н. , Духов Э. Р. , Ковалева В. М.
Published: October 2024

The cadaster of the animals is a state document necessary for the assessment of animal resources, their value and damage caused to the wild nature by economic activity. Data on the distribution and number of the Kamchatka birds have being collected for more than 30 years. Transect counts of total length more than 3.5 thousand km were conducted. Trial estimation of number and cost of some groups of birds on south-west Kamchatka were performed.
ВЕСЕННЯЯ МИГРАЦИЯ МОРСКИХ УТОК ВДОЛЬ ЗАПАДНОГО ПОБЕРЕЖЬЯ КАМЧАТКИ
Authors: Герасимов Ю. Н. , Духова Э. Р. , Завгарова Ю. Р. , Ковалева В. М.
Published: October 2024

Spring counts of flying past waterbirds and shorebirds on Kamchatka have being conducted since 1975. Sea ducks is the most numerous group. During one season we counted maximum for 300,000 Black Scoters, 267,000 Oldsquaws, 240,000 White-winged Scoters, 11,000 Red-breasted Mergansers and 3000 Harlequin Ducks migrated along the west coast of the peninsula. Using this data, we estimated minimum spring number of sea ducks as 1,000,000 individuals including 350,000 Black Scoters, 300,000 Oldsquaws, 250,000 White-winged Scoters, 20,000 Red-breasted Mergansers and 5000 Harlequin Ducks. We used counting data for monitoring of sea ducks populations.
СТРУКТУРА И ДИНАМИКА ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ КОЛОНИИ БЕЛОЩЕКОЙ КАЗАРКИ В ДЕЛЬТЕ р. ПЕСЧАНКА НА о. КОЛГУЕВ П. М. Глазов
Authors: Лощагина Ю. А. , Анисимов Ю. А. , Кондратьев А. В. , Покровская О. Б. , Шматова А. Г. , Гнеденко А. Е. , Кудиков А. В. , Добрянский А. С.
Published: October 2024

The breeding population of the Barnacle goose on Kolguev Island has increased since 1980. The world’s largest known Barnacle goose colony, located in the Peschanka River delta, had grown from 5000 breeding pairs in 1994 to 70000 pairs in 2019. We compared data of surveys conducted in 2006, 2012, 2019 and 2023 by means of transects and permanent plots. The data obtained indicate a decrease in nesting density in the core areas of the colony, where the nesting density of geese is maximum. At the same time, the nesting density increased in the edge parts of the colony and in the adjacent upland areas, indicating further expansion of Barnacle geese from Peschanka Delta to inland areas, where they occupy more newer habitats. The decrease in density in the core area of the colony can be a result of the collection of down of Barnacle goose in 2018–2019.
СОСТОЯНИЕ ПОПУЛЯЦИЙ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ МОРСКИХ ПТИЦ НА о. ТАЛАН (северная часть Охотского моря)
Authors: Голубова Е. Ю.
Published: October 2024

Monitoring of seabirds colonies on Talan island started in 1988 showed decrease of the planktivorous species: 15–20 000 individuals of the Crested Auklet in 2023 and 500–600 individuals of the Parakeet Auklet in 2021. Breeding success was 32.4% and 40.9%, respectively. In the Crested Auklet «zero» success years have been observed since 2014. Population of the Ancient Murrelet decreased to 2–4 000 in 2023 with brood size 1.6 chicks/nest. The population of the Horned Puffin increased up to 166 000 in 2018, with average breeding success 58.7%. Current abundance of the Tufted Puffin, Thick-billed and Common Murres, and Kittiwake was not estimated; being presumably stable or slightly decreased. The average breeding success of the Tufted Puffin was 46.4%. For the Common Murre it was 0.68 and the Thick-billed Murre – 0.65 fledglings/breeding pair, with productivity 0.50 and 0.68 fledglings/pair respectively in 1989–2019. Breeding success of the Kittiwakes was 0.54 fledglings/breeding pair, with productivity of 0.41 fledglings/ pair in 1988–2023.
ОВЦЕБЫК (Ovibos moschatus) И СЕВЕРНЫЙ ОЛЕНЬ (Rangifer tarandus) НА о. ВРАНГЕЛЯ: ДИНАМИКА ПОПУЛЯЦИЙ И СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ
Authors: Груздев А. Р. , Бабий У. В. , Кулемеев П. М. , Сипко Т. П.
Published: October 2024

Reindeer were introduced to Wrangel Island in the 1940s. By 2002, the population numbered about 8,000 individuals. With the onset of unfavorable weather conditions in the seasons 2003/2004 and 2004/2005, the number of deer decreased almost threefold; subsequently, the number continued to decline under pressure from wolves and wolverines living on the island, which ultimately led to the complete disappearance of reindeer. Musk oxen were introduced to Wrangel Island in 1975. Their numbers was growing at a slow pace until 2005. After a sharp decline in the number of reindeer on the island, the growth of the musk oxen population accelerated somewhat and quickly reached a number of 1000 individuals. Currently, the increase in the number of musk oxen has stabilized, possibly due to the influence of wolves and the complete settlement of the island.
МЕХАНИЗМ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЦИСТЫ ВОКРУГ СКРЕБНЯ ACANTHOCEPHALUS TENUIROSTRIS (Palaeacanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) В ПРОМЕЖУТОЧНОМ ХОЗЯИНЕ − ВОДЯНОМ ОСЛИКЕ ASELLUS HILGENDORFI
Authors: Давыденко Т. В.
Published: October 2024

The mechanism of cyst formation in the acanthellae of the Acanthocephalus tenuirostris was studied under experimental conditions for the first time. Throughout the entire period of development of acanthellae in the intermediate host, there were no microvilli on their surface. In the tegument of the acanthella, large round vesicles filled with loose material with electron-dense granules were discovered for the first time, which migrated to the subsurface region of the tegument, where their chemical composition on the surface of the acanthella was included in the composition of the outer layer of the cyst.
ВЕРТИКАЛЬНОЕ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПОЧВЕННЫХ БЕСПОЗВОНОЧНЫХ НА ВЫРУБКАХ (Республика Коми)
Authors: Дитц А. А. , Фатеева А. А.
Published: October 2024

Currently, more than 25% of the forest territory of the Komi Republic is affected by various logging methods, which negatively affect the properties of forest soils and the soil invertebrates. Could the vertical distribution of invertebrates, associated with the specific environmental conditions in different genetic soil horizons, be one of the mechanisms for maintaining the stability of soil biota after forest cutting? It was shown that large saprophagous and soil macrofauna were «deepened» into the soil in the recultivated logging corridors, due to turbation of soil. On the contrary, the vertical distribution of macrofauna in clear-cutting plots and logging corridors with three and ten passes of forwarder equipment was characterized by the «exit» of the remaining fauna and invertebrates migrating from undisturbed areas into the forest litter, preserved near stumps and tree undergrowth, along the roadsides and on the ridges.
ТРАНСБЕРИНГИЙСКИЕ ОБМЕНЫ ЦЕСТОДАМИ (Cestoda) У БУРОЗУБОК (Sorex, Mammalia)
Authors: Докучаев Н. Е. , Корниенко С. А.
Published: October 2024

On the example of cestodes, it was shown that in the Pliocene, transberingian exchanges of shrews and associated parasites took place on a larger scale than in subsequent periods. This is confirmed by 10 common genera of cestodes in shrews of the Palearctic and Nearctic. In the Pleistocene, cestodes of only three genera, Lineolepis, Neoskrjabi nolepis, and Spasskylepis, entered Alaska from Asia.
ПОСЛЕПОЖАРНЫЕ СУКЦЕССИИ КЕДРОВОСТЛАНИКОВЫХ (Pinus pumila) СООБЩЕСТВ НА о. ЗАВЬЯЛОВА (Северное Охотоморье)
Authors: Докучаева В. Б.
Published: October 2024

The formation of vegetation in the place of Pinus pumila thickets destroyed by a large fire that occurred on Zavyalov Island in 2009 is considered. Re-establishment of the vegetation cover started from the stage of open postfire communities of pioneer mosses and grasses, which lasted for 2-3 years. There was active spreading of dwarf pine seeds by animals. Due to underground organs survived from the fire, shrubs such as Middendorf’s birch, birch-leaved spirea and vegetatively regenerating shrubs (primarily cowberry) quickly started to grow. In the following period, dense sodding of mosses, mainly of Polytrichum, restraining the regeneration of dwarf pine shrubbery occurred over a large part of the burned area.
ПРЯМОКРЫЛЫЕ НАСЕКОМЫЕ (Orthoptera) ОХРАНЯЕМЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ ЛЕНО-ВИЛЮЙСКОГО МЕЖДУРЕЧЬЯ (Центральная Якутия)
Authors: Ермакова Ю. В. , Никифорова Е. Н.
Published: October 2024

The results of studies of Orthoptera insects in protected areas of the Lena-Vilyui interfluve are presented. It is shown that the communities of Orthopteran insects of the Kharyyalakhsky Resource Reserve and the Nature Park Sinyaya differ in structure and composition of dominants.
Automation of Answer Script Evaluation
Authors: Prasad Tamminedi Ganesh , Maganti Sri Abhirama , Chandra Tarush
Published: October 2024

The goal of this study, "Automation of Answer Scripts Evaluation," is to create an end-to-end automated process that can quickly and fairly evaluate answer scripts and grade students. Optical Character Recognition (OCR), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Natural Language Processing (NLP) are brought together to build a workflow for automating this tedious, time taking, subjective activity. The paper discusses failures and successes of various models applied in our endeavour.
University ELT Lecturers' Demotivation and Motivation Factors with Respect to Sri Lankan Universities
Authors: Uthpala Athukorala Viragee
Published: October 2024

The motivation and demotivation of English Language Teaching (ELT) instructors must be addressed in order to guarantee the continued efficacy of university language instruction. ELT lecturers in Sri Lanka have unique challenges due to economic, social, and professional difficulties. The study looks into the primary causes of motivation and demotivation that affect ELT instructors at Sri Lankan universities, using data from surveys and lecturer interviews. The findings indicate that while extrinsic factors like a love of teaching, possibilities for professional growth, and institutional support are significant motivators to take into account, extrinsic factors like workload, lack of recognition, and limited resources contribute to demotivation. Additionally, suggestions for increasing lecturer motivation are discussed. The findings show that two intrinsic factors— the potential for professional advancement and a genuine love of teaching—have a significant influence on lecturer motivation. Instructors who were personally gratified by their students' successes and who had access to professional development opportunities indicated higher levels of job satisfaction. However, it was discovered that outside factors were the primary demotivators. These included excessive workloads, a lack of resources for education, job insecurity, and a lack of recognition for the work that teachers put in. More specifically, professors with shorter contracts experienced high levels of stress related to job insecurity, which negatively impacted their motivation and overall job satisfaction. The results imply that improving lecturer motivation requires strong institutional support. The identified demotivating influences may be lessened by putting into practice adjustments like increasing the number of permanent employment available, cutting back on excessive workloads, and spending more money on quality instructional tools. Moreover, promoting professional development opportunities and praising exceptional teaching can also increase motivation. In general, the study emphasizes how critical it is to address both extrinsic and intrinsic variables in order to improve the caliber of ELT in Sri Lankan colleges.
The Significance of Echocardiographic Evaluation in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: S Ramya.
Published: October 2024

The echocardiographic examination has emerged as an essential part in the evaluation of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. When evaluating and treating patients with atrial fibrillation, transthoracic echocardiography continues to be important. TEE gives an excellent view of the atrium and amply illustrates or rules out thrombus. For the purpose of determining the dimensions and function of the left atrium and left ventricle, as well as the various conditions that may predispose to atrial fibrillation, such as cardiomyopathy, pericardial disease, and congenital heart defects, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) must be used in conjunction with two-dimensional (2D) and Doppler studies in the initial evaluation of all patients with atrial fibrillation.
Tutors’ Perspectives on their Ability to Create Conducive Social Learning Environment for Students with Visual Impairments at Teachers’ Colleges in Morogoro Region
Authors: Joseph Mnzeru Yuster
Published: October 2024

This study focused on determining tutors’ perspectives on their ability to create conducive social learning environments for students with visual impairments at teachers’ colleges in Morogoro Region. A descriptive survey research design and mixed research approach were adopted. The target population included tutors and heads of departments from both colleges. A sample size of 121 respondents was used. Data collection involved questionnaires for tutors, semi-structured interviews for heads of departments, and document reviews for contextual insight. Validity and reliability were ensured through peer reviews and pilot study. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were examined through thematic analysis to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject. The findings indicate a widespread perception of inadequacy among tutors in promoting interaction, observational learning, imitation, and providing clear demonstrations tailored to visually impaired students. These challenges highlight an urgent need for targeted training, specialized instructional strategies, and resource allocation to better support these students and enhance their educational experiences.
Assessment on the Current Market Positioning Strategies Employed by Small and Medium Enterprises in Morogoro Municipal Council
Authors: Samweli Pima Shephatia
Published: October 2024

This study aims in assessing the current market positioning strategies employed by small and medium enterprises in Morogoro Municipal Council. The target population of this study 327 SMEs operating in Morogoro Municipality. A sample size of 92 respondents were used. This study used convenience sampling in selection of SMEs and purposive sampling techniques in selection of staffs from Morogoro Municipal Council. Data were collected by using questionnaire, interviews and documentary reviews. Quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics while qualitative data were analyzed by using thematic analysis. The study reveals that SMEs in Morogoro Municipal Council are strategically positioning themselves in the market to enhance their competitiveness by effectively communicating their unique value propositions, differentiating from competitors, and aligning with market trends. A significant majority of respondents recognize the effectiveness of these strategies in conveying distinctive offerings, adapting to market dynamics, and building strong brand identities. To further enhance their competitiveness, it is recommended that small and medium enterprises continue to refine their market positioning strategies by investing in market research, strengthening brand messaging, and collaborating with government and industry stakeholders to improve access to resources and technology
Prospective Evaluation of Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Contralateral Implantation of an Extended Depth of Focus (EDOF) and Hybrid EDOF-Multifocal IOL
Authors: Waring George O. , van den Berg Arthur B. , van den Berg Roberta M. , Rocha Karolinne M.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To evaluate clinical outcomes following contralateral implantation of a diffractive extended depth of focus (EDOF) and a hybrid EDOF-multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) with a violet filter in a U.S.-based population.

Methods

In this prospective, non-comparative study, 60 eyes of 30 patients aged 40 years and older underwent bilateral cataract surgery and implantation of a DXR00V IOL (Tecnis Symfony OptiBlue) in the dominant eye and a DFR00V (Tecnis Synergy) IOL in the non-dominant eye. Outcome measures included uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity, distance-corrected intermediate (DCIVA, 66 cm), near and very near visual acuity (DCNVA, 40 and 33 cm), and patient-reported outcomes.

Results

At 6 months postoperatively, binocular mean UDVA and CDVA were −0.10 ± 0.07 and −0.11 ± 0.05 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), respectively. The mean DCIVA was 0.26 ± 0.08 logMAR in the DXR00V eyes and 0.23 ± 0.06 logMAR in the DFR00V eyes. The mean DCNVA at 40 and 33 cm were 0.28 ± 0.12 and 0.30 ± 0.15 logMAR, respectively, in the DXR00V eyes and 0.07 ± 0.08 and 0.07 ± 0.10 logMAR, respectively, in the DFR00V eyes. The mean binocular DCIVA and DCNVA at 33 and 40 cm were 0.18 ± 0.05, 0.06 ± 0.08, and 0.06 ± 0.07 logMAR, respectively. The percentages of patients achieving spectacle independence at far, intermediate, and near distances were 100%, 100%, and 81%, respectively.

Conclusions

Contralateral implantation of the diffractive EDOF and a hybrid EDOF-multifocal IOL yielded excellent binocular visual acuity at all distances, as well as high patient satisfaction and functional performance on visual tasks.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(10):e699–e705.]
Démarche LEADER et principes du développement local : quelles spécificités des territoires de pêche ? Le cas du département de l’Hérault
Authors: Ballesteros Juan Gabriel Tirado , Chevalier Pascal
Published: October 2024

L’objectif de cet article est de connaître les formes de transfert du modèle LEADER dans le cadre de la politique commune de la pêche. Dans ce scénario, les orientations européennes confèrent aux acteurs de la pêche une plus grande légitimité, ce qui peut signifier des résultats différents et de nouvelles façons d’appréhender l’approche LEADER. À partir d’un cadre comparatif, basé sur l’analyse statistique et cartographique des projets réalisés dans la période 2014-2020, les différences et similitudes possibles sont identifiées dans l’application de l’approche LEADER entre zones de pêche et zones rurales dans deux groupes d’action locale du département de l’Hérault. Les résultats indiquent que, malgré les différences dans la configuration des instances décisionnelles, les résultats sont similaires dans l’interprétation du développement local, même si dans les zones de pêche les approches sont appliquées à partir d’une vision nettement sectorielle.