bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulation and Evaluation of Mupirocin Nimosomal Gel for
Topical Drug Delivery System
Authors: Akki Rajesh , Ramya Munagala Gayatri , Navyasri K , Kathirvel Singaram
Published: November 2020

The present study was to formulate and evaluate the mupirocin niosomal gel using
surfactants span 80 & tween 80 for the preparation of niosomes. Mupirocin entrapped
niosomes were prepared by ether injection method and transmembrane pH gradient drug
uptake process. Niosomes were prepared by altering the ratios between various non-ionic
surfactants (span 80 & tween 80) whereas the concentration of cholesterol and drug was kept
constant. The prepared niosomes were characterized for size, shape, entrapment efficiency,
invitro drug release studies. The highest entrapment efficiency(99.17%) and drug release
(96.14%) was obtained for tween 80 (1:5:5) prepared by transmembrane pH gradient method.
The best formulation among the two techniques was selected for incorporated into gel
formulation. The prepared niosomal gel and plain gel were subjected to evaluation studies like
drug content, invitro drug diffusion studies. The studies were demonstrated that niosomal gel
was shown beter pharmacological activity than the conventional mupirocin gel. Based on the
results it was concluded that niosomal preparations offers more advantageous than the
conventional preparations.
Solubility Enhancement of Poorly soluble Drugs by using
Novel Techniques : A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mahapatra Abikesh P.K. , Patil Vinod , Patil Ravindra
Published: November 2020

The primary aim of this review was to improve the solubility and Bioavailability of
BCS Class-II drugs because of their low solubility and dissolution rate. Solubility is one of the
imp parameter to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for
pharmacological response to be shown. Hence the class- II drugs require enhancement in
solubility and dissolution rate in there formulation development particularly in solid dosage
form such as in tablet and capsule. So because of this there are several methods and newer
emerging technologies have been developed for increasing the solubility as well as
Bioavailability of class –II drugs. In this article review on literature on newer techniques or
methods as well as recent research on formulation development of class- II drugs was done.
Characteristics of Patients with Pelvis injury in General
Hospital of Haji Adam Malik Medan
Authors: Ritonga Irfan , Siregar Chairiandi
Published: November 2020

Objective- Fractures and injuries to the pelvic ringmay be associated with severe trauma
and other associated injuries. This study aims to determine the characteristics of patients with pelvic
injury in Adam Malik Haji General Hospital Medan. Material and Method-The type of research
conducted is a retrospective descriptive research method. This study was conducted in Medan Haji
Adam Malik Hospital based on medical records of traumatic pelvic injury patients during the period of
January 2016 - December 2017. The data used is secondary data taken from the records in the patient's
medical record. The collected medical and demographic data is tabulated and presented in the form of
a frequency distribution diagram or table and analyzed descriptively using total sampling. Results-
During the period of research found from the medical record data of Medan Haji Adam Malik
Hospital, there were 59 subjects with women as many as 18 subjects (30.5%) and 41 people (69.5%). .
From the data collected, it was found that patients with a kindergarten background of 2 (16.9%), SD as
many as 10 (16.9%) people, SMP as many as 8 (13.6%) people, high school as many as 25 (42, 4%)
people, 10 (16.9%) people, and 4 (6.8%) people who don't go to school. Patients with tile type A1 total
12 patients (20.3%), tile type A2 as many as 18 people (30.5%), tile type B1 as many as 10 (16.9%),
type tile B2 as many as 9 people (15.3 %), C1 tile type as many as 6 people (10.2%), C2 tile type as
much as 1 (1.7%), and C3 tile type as much as 1 (1.7%). Patients with APC 1 compression type as
many as 7 (11.9%) people, APC 2 as many as 13 (22%) people, APC 3 as many as 3 (5.1%) people,
LC1 as many as 21 (35.6%) people, LC2 11 (18.6%) people, LC3 as many as 1 (1.7%) people,
undefined as many as 2 (3.4%) people, and VS as many as 1 (1.7%) people. Conclusion- Patients who
experience pelvic injuries are mostly male with an age range of 4-80 years. In terms of level of
education, most patients are at the level of high school education. The most common mechanism of
injury in pelvic injuries is lateral compression. The most common for tile classification is A2. Other
most frequent injuries are lower limb fractures and the most common treatment for pelvic injuries are
conservatives treatment.
Mechanical Characterization of Graphene Nanoplatelets-Reinforced Mg-3Sn Alloy Synthesized by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Kumar Pravir , Skotnicova Katerina , Mallick Ashis , Gupta Manoj , Cegan Tomas , Jurica Jan
Published: November 2020

The present study investigated the effects of alloying and nano-reinforcement on the mechanical properties (microhardness, tensile strength, and compressive strength) of Mg-based alloys and composites. Pure Mg, Mg-3Sn alloy, and Mg-3Sn+0.2GNP alloy-nanocomposite were synthesized by powder metallurgy followed by hot extrusion. The microstructural characteristics of the bulk extruded samples were explored using X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and optical microscopy and their mechanical properties were compared. The microhardness, tensile strength, and compressive strength of the Mg-3Sn alloy improved when compared to those of monolithic Mg sample and further improvements were displayed by Mg-3Sn+0.2GNP alloy-nanocomposite. No significant change in the compressive strain to failure was observed in both the alloy and the alloy-nanocomposite with respect to that of the pure Mg sample. However, an enhanced tensile strain to failure was displayed by both the alloy and the alloy-nanocomposite.
Climate justice in an Intergenerational Sustainability Framework: A Stochastic OLG Model
Authors: Cisco Gianluigi , Gatto Andrea
Published: November 2020

Climate justice as a commons is conceived as the intertemporal climate equity and equal- ity exchange amongst generations. Sustainability, intended as the interplay amongst the economy, the society, the environment, and the governance, is essential to forge the climate justice theoretical framework. On this base, the study attempts to model intertemporal choice amongst generations in these four domains, making use of an over- lapping generations (OLG) model. The proxies detected are GDP growth (economy), environmental quality (environment), and labor growth, and environmental investment (society) as assumptions. The governance dimension is captured by the di¤erence in wealth between young and old generations. The work aims at replying to the follow- ing research question: Which are the conditions for sustainable development such that climate justice holds? The intra-intergenerational exchange is dened in two periods, while the individual provides their preferred economic and environmental choice mix as consumption-saving. This study shows that sustainable growth is achievable only with increased young e¤ort and less leisure and consumption.
Conventional Breeding, Molecular Breeding and Speed Breeding; Brave Approaches to Revamp the Production of Cereal Crops
Authors: Haroon Muhammad , Zafar Muhammad Mubashar , Farooq Muhammad Awais , Afzal Rabail , Batool Maria , Idrees Fahad , Babar Usman , Khan Abdu Saboor , Mo Huijuan , Li Lin , Ren Maozhi
Published: November 2020

Conventional plant breeding methods exploit already existing genomic variation in plants to develop a variety in 8 to 10 years, which can decrease the genetic variability of the plant’s genome. The ever-increasing food demand for cereals crops cannot be met by traditional breeding methods. In order to increase food production in less time, there is a dire need to improve breeding methods. Several conventional and molecular breeding methods are being used to improve the crops traits. Molecular researchers have developed new genome editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPR/Cpf1, prime editing, base editing, dcas9 epigenetic modification, and several other transgene-free genomes editing approaches. These genome editing tools can improve the desired traits precisely and efficiently. Moreover, a newly developed breeding method “Speed Breeding” has revolutionized the agriculture by shortening the crop cycle. It can produce 5-6 generations of cereals in a year. In this review, we have summarized all these conventional and molecular breeding approaches to improve cereal crops.
La subtitulación audiovisual en un mundo globalizado, ¿cumple su función?
Authors: Ávila-Moreno Carol Daniela , Herrán-Camargo Karen Stephanie , Muñoz-Bernal Andrés Camilo , Rodríguez-Rojas Nicolás , Torres-Ortiz Diana Carolina
Published: November 2020

Con el crecimiento del uso de plataformas de video streaming como Netflix o Amazon Prime, plataformas artesanales como Cuevana, Replis o Pelis Play, entre otras y con la aparición de contenido audiovisual en todo el mundo, ha surgido la necesidad de crear subtítulos para diferentes programas y películas. Sin embargo, muchas veces este proceso se realiza de manera rápida y sin tomar en cuenta la región a la que va dirigido; por tal razón, muchas veces se encuentran errores que podrían afectar la compresión de este contenido audiovisual. La investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los factores que influyen en el proceso de subtitulación de un contenido audiovisual y que afectan la comprensión de un mensaje en un receptor. Se aborda esta problemática mediante el uso de la observación no participante, metodología que permite entender el fenómeno sin influir directamente en él, y la investigación secundaria que posibilita la obtención de material documental relacionado con el tema. En el análisis se identifican las posibles causas desde diferentes puntos de vista, ya sean culturales, profesionales o sociales, analizando los tipos de errores más frecuentes en películas y series de habla inglesa, para, finalmente, brindar una oportunidad de mejora a aquellos que trabajan en este campo de la traducción.
Investigation of Some Biological Activities of Extracts Centranthus longiflorus subsp. longiflorus
Authors: AYAR Elif , KANDEMİR Nezahat , KANDEMİR Dr. Şevket , ÇELİKOĞLU Umut , İDİL Önder
Published: November 2020

In this study, the effects of above and below-ground extracts of Centranthus longiflorus subsp. longiflorus plant, commonly found in Turkey, on antioxidant, antimicrobial and DNA damage were evaluated. Plant extracts were prepared by applying three different solvents (hexane, methanol and ethanol). The antimicrobial activity tests of the extracts were performed using four different standard strains and one yeast. DPPH, total phenolic content calculation and CUPRAC methods were applied for antioxidant activity studies. Additionally, the effects of plant extracts on DNA damage were investigated using pBR322 plasmid DNA. According to the data obtained, especially the below-ground hexane (MIC value:375μg/mL) extract showed more antimicrobial activity than other plant extracts, and it was found to be more effective Gram negative bacteria. The highest antioxidant activity was determined in extracts prepared with above (IC50 value of methanol extract:4.5mg/mL) and below-ground (IC50 value of methanol extract:5.7mg/mL) methanol. The above (93,9 μg GAE/mL) and below-ground (96.9 μg GAE/mL) methanol extracts were seen to have high total phenolic content. It has also been observed that above-ground hexane and methanol extracts have no effect on pBR322 plasmid DNA, but other extracts affect pBR322 plasmid DNA in the direction of degradation or deformation. Especially, the extracts of the above and below-ground ethanol had the effect of completely eliminating the open ring form. Therefore, it was concluded that this taxon could be widely used in the treatment and prevention of oxidative stress-related diseases in the future.
Effect of the mass-stiffness distribution of the vibratory roller cab on the ride quality in low-frequency region
Authors: Yuan Huan , Zhang Zhiqiang , Yang Aoran , Dong Hao
Published: November 2020

To assess the effect of the mass-stiffness distribution of the cab and vibratory roller on the ride quality, the acceleration-frequency characteristics of the isolation systems are researched based on the nonlinear dynamic model of the vehicle. The complex domain is used to solve the vibration equations in the frequency region. The effect of the mass and stiffness parameters of the cab and vehicle is then analyzed via MATLAB software. The research results show that the resonant frequency of the cab's isolations and their acceleration-frequency is insignificantly affected by the mass-stiffness distributions in the case of without the excitation of the vibrator drum. Conversely, under an excitation 28 Hz of the vibrator drum, the mass-stiffness distributions strongly affect on the acceleration-frequency of the cab isolations, especially, when increasing the stiffness coefficient and reducing the cab mass with α= 1.5, the vehicle’s ride quality and structural durability of the vibratory rollers are greatly improved.
Modelling behavioural change from sea-based ‘helicopter latrines’ to land-based shared improved latrines in the Demaan, Jepara, Indonesia
Authors: Sunarti S. , Helmi Muhammad , Widjajanti Retno , Purwanto Annisa Amellia
Published: November 2020

The government of Indonesia pursued a slum-upgrading programme from 2011 to 2018 which included replacing ‘helicopter latrines’ with shared improved latrines. However, these latrines have not been fully utilised by slum dwellers yet. This study aimed to construct a model of behaviour change to urge people to switch from using helicopter latrines to using shared improved latrines through the process of community empowerment. A qualitative research method was conducted. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were deployed to select study participants. Data were collected through interviews and focus group discussions. The results showed that the challenge in improving communities' sanitation behaviour can be answered with a bottom-up approach that integrates tangible and intangible elements. These elements have the dimensions of form, meaning and activity. Form is a tangible element namely shared improved latrine building that is physically acceptable to the community. Meaning and activity are intangible elements. Meaning involves the cognitive aspects to create a sense of ownership and action from affective aspects involves the activity of using the latrines. To improve the sanitation conditions, governments should involve the community in every activity, empower the community through education campaigns, and conduct supervision until the community can be independent.
Advanced processed wastewater for different uses: constellations favouring future implementation of a multimodal water reuse concept
Authors: Schramm Engelbert , Becker Dennis , Fischer Michaela
Published: November 2020

Advanced wastewater treatment is often used to produce one single water quality. In recent years, technologies have been developed that allow the production of different qualities that are fit for their purpose. These technology bundles are still not being marketed, and market requirements are unclear. Two constellations in West Basin, California and in Oman were analysed to shed light on the different constellations of actors, resource situations and institutions. The first led to the industrial reuse of several water qualities, while the second produced an application in holiday resorts, leisure and food production. A hypothetical solution was contrasted with an historical case. The analysis of the constellations showed that multi-sectoral investments and dependencies require strong cooperation arrangements and long-term agreements. Governmental institutions were revealed to be suitable for coordinating the process, especially during the initial phase, but also in view of security of supply. A (comparative) examination allows an initial, still provisional systematic overview of other constellations that favour systems with recycled water of different qualities. Further research is required to understand the welfare and distribution effects of multimodal water pricing policies and the feasibility of co-financing of agricultural irrigation and opportunities for more sustainable water reuse.
Identification of Binding Partners of CsaA - An Archaeal Chaperonic Protein of Picrophilus torridus
Authors: Singhal Neelja , Sharma Archana , Aswal Manisha , Singh Nirpendra , Kumar Manish , Goel Manisha
Published: November 2020

Background:

CsaA is among the few chaperones which are present in both bacteria and
archaea, but absent in eukaryotes. There are no reports on interactome analysis of CsaA from
archaea, till date. Identification of binding partners of CsaA might be helpful in understanding
CsaA-associated processes in Picrophilus torridus an extreme thermoacidophilic euryarchaeon.

Objectives:

The present study was conducted to identify the binding partners of CsaA of P. torridus
(PtCsaA).

Methods:

The binding partners of PtCsaA were isolated and identified using a pull down assay and
liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

Results:

The results revealed twelve potential binding partners of CsaA. These were thermosome
subunits (Q6KZS2 and Q6L132), nascent polypeptide-associated complex protein (Q6L1N3), elongation
factor 1-alpha (Q6L202), uncharacterized protein (Q6L0Y6), citrate synthase (Q6L0M8), asparaginyl-
tRNA synthetase (Q6L0M5), succinyl-CoA synthetase beta chain (Q6L0B4), pyruvate
ferredoxin oxidoreductase alpha and beta chain proteins (Q6KZA7 and Q6KZA6, respectively),
malate dehydrogenase (Q6L0C3) and reversed fumarylacetoacetase (Q6KZ97). Functional categorization
revealed that of these, six proteins were involved in energy metabolic pathways, three were
archaeal chaperones, two were involved in translation and one might be a transcription regulator.
STRING-based analysis of the protein-protein interactions of the experimental interactome revealed
strong interactions among them.

Conclusion:

PtCsaA might be a multifaceted protein which besides translation might also play important
role in metabolic processes of P. torridus. However, further experiments investigating the
binding partners of CsaA in other archaea are required for a better understanding of CsaA-associated
processes in archaea.
An Up-to-Date Review on Citrus Flavonoids: Chemistry and Benefits in Health and Diseases
Authors: Ahmed Osama M. , AbouZid Sameh F. , Ahmed Noha A. , Zaky Mohamed Y. , Liu Han
Published: November 2020

Flavonoids, the main class of polyphenols, are characterized by the presence of 2-phenyl-benzo-pyrane
nucleus. They are found in rich quantities in citrus fruits. Citrus flavonoids are classified into flavanones, flavones,
flavonols, polymethoxyflavones and anthocyanins (found only in blood oranges). Flavanones are the most
abundant flavonoids in citrus fruits. In many situations, there are structure-function relationships. Due to their
especial structures and presence of many hydroxyls, polymethoxies and glycoside moiety, the flavonoids have an
array of multiple biological and pharmacological activities. This article provides an updated overview of the
differences in chemical structures of the classes and members of citrus flavonoids and their benefits in health and
diseases. The review article also sheds light on the mechanisms of actions of citrus flavonoids in the treatment of
different diseases, including arthritis, diabetes mellitus, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders as well as liver,
kidney and heart diseases. The accumulated and updated knowledge in this review may provide useful information
and ideas in the discovery of new strategies for the use of citrus flavonoids in the protection, prevention
and therapy of diseases.
Detection and Identification of Catalpol Metabolites in the Rat Plasma, Urine and Faeces Using Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-Q Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole-orbitrap High-resolution Accurate Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Xiang Zedong , Wang Shaoping , Li Haoran , Dong Pingping , Dong Fan , Li Zhen , Dai Long , Zhang Jiayu
Published: November 2020

Background::

Catalpol, an iridoid glycoside, is one of the richest bioactive components present in
Rehmannia glutinosa. More and more metabolites of drugs have exhibited various pharmacological effects,
thus providing guidance for clinical application. However, few researches have paid attention to the
metabolism of catalpol.

Objective::

This study aimed to establish a rapid and effective method to identify catalpol metabolites and evaluate
the biotransformation pathways of catalpol in rats.

Methods::

In this study, catalpol metabolites in rat urine, plasma and faeces were analyzed by UHPLC-Q-Exactive
MS for the characterization of the metabolism of catalpol. Based on high-resolution extracted ion chromatograms
(HREICs) and parallel reaction monitoring mode (PRM), metabolites of catalpol were identified by comparing
the diagnostic product ions (DPIs), chromatographic retention times, neutral loss fragments (NLFs) and
accurate mass measurement with those of catalpol reference standard.

Results:

A total of 29 catalpol metabolites were detected and identified in both negative and positive ion
modes. Nine metabolic reactions, including deglycosylation, hydroxylation, dihydroxylation, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation,
oxidation of methylene to ketone, glucuronidation, glycine conjugation and cysteine conjugation,
were proposed.

Conclusion::

A rapid and effective method based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive MS was developed to mine the
metabolism information of catalpol. Results of metabolites and biotransformation pathways of catalpol suggested
that when orally administrated, catalpol was firstly metabolized into catalpol aglycone, after which phase I
and phase II reactions occurred. However, hydrophilic chromatography-mass spectrometry is still needed to further
find the polar metabolites of catalpol.
The Influence of Genetic Variations and Drug Interactions Based on Metabolism of Antidepressants and Anticonvulsants
Authors: Oz Merve D. , Ozdemir Fezile , Suzen Halit S.
Published: November 2020

Background:

The variability in drug response is highly complex and can be attributed to the polymedication,
genetic polymorphisms modulating drug-metabolizing enzyme activities (cytochromes P450,
CYP), physiological and environmental factors.” sentence could be revised as “The variability in drug response
is highly complex and can be attributed to the polymedication, genetic polymorphisms modulating drugmetabolizing
enzyme activities (cytochromeP450s (CYP)), physiological and environmental factors.

Objective:

The main objective of this review is to deeply discuss the role of biotransformation in the occurrence
of antidepressant and anticonvulsant induced inter individual variabilities with the focus on genetic variations
and drug interactions.

Methods:

An extensive search of the literature has been conducted related to biotransformation of the antidepressant
and anticonvulsant agents on relationships between genetic differences and drug interactions on available
databases. Following keywords are used for relevant articles: “metabolic enzyme”, “pharmacokinetic”, “antidepressant”,
“anticonvulsant”, “genetic variations”, “enzyme inhibition”, “enzyme induction” and also with a
list of all included antidepressant and anticonvulsants.

Results:

In the present review, we provided an overview of documented clinically significant pharmacokinetic
drug interactions, physiological and environmental differences. We further discuss the significance of genetic
variations in drug metabolizing enzymes to underline the need for using the information on both genotype and
drug interactions towards implementing better clinical outcomes through personalized medicine in neurology
and psychiatry.

Conclusions:

The present review clearly illustrates that interindividual differences in the biotransformation (including
genetic variability of the drug metabolizing enzymes, age, sex, diet) of the antidepressant and anticonvulsant
drugs, which are commonly prescribed medications globally, has a crucial role in the occurrence of adverse
effects and various drug responses. Therefore, the potential results of the drug-drug interactions and individual
genetic characteristics should always be considered to make pharmacotherapy safer and more effective,
as they have major clinical implications.
Peripheral Artery Disease in Diabetes Mellitus: Focus on Novel Treatment Options
Authors: Demarchi Andrea , Somaschini Alberto , Cornara Stefano , Androulakis Emmanuel
Published: November 2020

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) are two clinical entities closely associated.
They share many pathophysiological pathways such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative
stress and pro-coagulative unbalance. Emerging data focusing on agents targeting these pathways may be promising.
Moreover, due to the increased cardiovascular risk, there is a growing interest in cardiovascular and
“pleiotropic” effects of novel glucose lowering drugs. This review summarizes the main clinical features of
PAD in patients, the diagnostic process and current medical/interventional approaches, ranging from “classical
treatment” to novel agents.
Inhaled Therapies for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Liang Yingmin , Mak Judith C.W.
Published: November 2020

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are obstructive lung diseases which are
characterized by chronic inflammation and an increase in mucus production, and are highly prevalent conditions.
Despite recent advances and multiple available therapies, there remains a significant unmet medical need.
Over the past 40 years, the introduction of new classes of safe and effective therapy is insufficient. In spite of
the high burden of asthma and COPD among patients, there are fewer new approved therapies in comparison to
cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological diseases due to few drug candidates and a higher failure rate in the
development of respiratory medicine. Lung diseases are amongst the leading causes of death globally with
asthma being one of the most prevalent respiratory diseases, which affects people of all ages but, despite effective
therapies available, many patients are poorly controlled and have a low quality of life. COPD is currently
ranked as the fourth cause of death worldwide and predicted to become the third leading cause of death in 2030.
The development of more effective treatments is urgently needed in order to reduce the high mortality rate and
the enormous suffering from asthma and COPD. Various inhalation devices with different classes of medications
are the foundation as therapies in both asthma and COPD. This article gives a comprehensive review of
the promising inhaled therapies in the treatment of asthma and COPD. However, the lack of disease control in
asthma and COPD patients may be due to numerous reasons. The association between non-adherence to guidelines
on the part of the health care provider and poor inhalation technique and/or non-adherence to the prescribed
treatment plan by the patients is common. It is therefore essential to discuss the different delivery systems
and the methods used in asthma and COPD patients.
Targeted Drug Delivery Using Tuftsin-bearing Liposomes: Implications in the Treatment of Infectious Diseases and Tumors
Authors: Khan Masood Alam
Published: November 2020

Tuftsin, a tetrapeptide (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg), acts as an immunopotentiating molecule with
its ability to bind and activate many immune cells, including macrophages or monocytes, neutrophils
and dendritic cells. The specific targeting activity of tuftsin has been further increased by
its palmitoylation followed by its incorporation into the lipid bilayer of liposomes. Tuftsin-bearing
liposomes (Tuft-liposomes) possess several characteristics that enable them to act as a potential
drug and vaccine carriers. Tuft-liposomes-loaded anti-microbial drugs have been shown to be highly
effective against many infectious diseases, including tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, malaria, candidiasis
and cryptococosis. Moreover, Tuft-liposomes also increased the activity of anticancer drug
etoposide against fibrosarcoma in mice. Tuft-liposomes showed the immune-potentiating effect
and rejuvenated the immune cells in the leukopenic mice. In addition, antigens encapsulated in
Tuftsin-bearing liposomes demonstrated greater immunogenicity by increasing the T cell proliferation
and antibody secretion. Keeping into consideration their specific targeting and immunopotentiating
effects, Tuft-liposomes may potentially be used as promising drug and vaccine delivery systems.
SHP2 Inhibition Benefits Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapy
Authors: Xia Leiming , Wen Lu , Wang Siying
Published: November 2020

EGFR-TKIs are confronted with big challenge of everlasting activated EGFR mutations
which lack effective binding sites; this barrier is the dark side that largely limits the outcome of
NSCLC patients in the clinic. Combination strategies show impressive anti-tumor efficacy that compared
with EGFR-TKI mono-treatment, especially targeting both stem cells and non-stem cells.
SHP2 (Src homology 2-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase 2) plays an important role in
regulating various malignant biology through hyper-activating intracellular pathways due to either
overexpression or catalytical mutation. Some pathways, in which SHP2 was involved, were overlapped
with EGFR downstream, and others were not subject to EGFR. Interestingly, SHP2 suppression
was reported to destroy the stemness of cancer. Therefore, we hypothesize that SHP2
inhibitor might be a promising drug that could synergistically enhance or sensitize the anti-tumor efficacy
of EGFR-TKIs in EGFR mutated NSCLC patients. Here, we summarized the mechanisms of SHP2 in
regulating EGFR mutated NSCLC patients, and attempted to reveal the potential synergistic
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of SHP2 inhibitor combined with EGFR-TKIs.
Nano- and Micro-Technologies Applied to Food Nutritional Ingredients
Authors: Trombino Sonia , Curcio Federica , Cassano Roberta
Published: November 2020

New technologies are currently investigated to improve the quality of foods by enhancing
their nutritional value, freshness, safety, and shelf-life, as well as by improving their tastes, flavors
and textures. Moreover, new technological approaches are being explored, in this field, to address
nutritional and metabolism-related diseases (i.e., obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases),
to improve targeted nutrition, in particular for specific lifestyles and elderly population, and to
maintain the sustainability of food production. A number of new processes and materials, derived
from micro- and nano-technology, have been used to provide answers to many of these needs and
offer the possibility to control and manipulate properties of foods and their ingredients at the molecular
level. The present review focuses on the importance of micro- and nano-technology in the
food and nutritional sector and, in particular, provides an overview of the micro- and nano-materials
used for the administration of nutritional constituents essential to maintain and improve
health, as well as to prevent the development and complications of diseases.
Evaluation of HIV-1 Regulatory and Structural Proteins as Antigen Candidate in Mice and Humans
Authors: Khojasteh Narges Farahani , Fekri Mehrshad , Shabani Samaneh Hemmati , Milani Alireza , Baesi Kazem , Bolhassani Azam
Published: November 2020

Background::

The diagnosis of HIV infection is important among different groups.
Moreover, combination antiretroviral therapy is used to treat HIV-1, but it cannot eradicate the infection.
Thus, the development of therapeutic vaccines, along with antiretroviral therapy, is recommended.
This study evaluates the values of four HIV proteins as antigen candidates in therapeutic
vaccine design as well as a possible diagnostic marker for HIV infection in humans.

Methods::

In this study, the HIV-1 Tat and Rev regulatory proteins and structural Gp120 and p24
proteins were generated in E. coli expression system. Their immunogenicity was evaluated in BALB/
c mice using homologous and heterologous prime/boost strategies. Moreover, the detection of anti-
HIV IgG antibodies against these recombinant proteins was assessed in untreated (Naïve/ HIV-infected),
treated, and drug-resistant patients compared to the healthy (control) group as a possible diagnostic
marker for HIV infection.

Results::

In humans, our results showed that among HIV-1 proteins, anti-Gp120 antibody was not
detected in treated individuals compared to the healthy (control) group. The levels of anti-Gp120
antibody were significantly different between the treated group and Naïve as well as drug-resistant
subjects. Moreover, the level of anti-p24 antibody was significantly lower in the treated group than
the Naive group. In mice, the results of immunization indicated that the Rev antigen could significantly
induce IgG2a, IgG2b, and IFN-γ secretion aimed at Th1 response as well as Granzyme B
generation as CTL activity in comparison with other antigens. Furthermore, the heterologous DNA
prime/ protein boost regimen was more potent than the homologous regimen for stimulation of cellular
immunity.

Conclusion::

Briefly, the levels of both anti-Gp120 and anti-p24 antibodies can be considered for
the diagnosis of the HIV-infected individuals in different groups compared to the healthy group.
Moreover, among four recombinant proteins, Rev elicited Th1 cellular immunity and CTL activity
in mice as an antigen candidate in therapeutic vaccine development.
A Mini-Review on Pharmacological Importance of Benzothiazole Scaffold
Authors: Asif Mohammad , Imran Mohd.
Published: November 2020

:

Heterocyclic compounds are important because they have almost all types of pharmacological properties. Due
to these properties of heterocyclic compounds, they attracted the researchers for the development of more effective newer drug molecules. In this review, we are focused on benzothiazole and its derivatives, which are used
for the synthesis of various biologically active molecules. Benzothiazole derivatives have been possessed the various type of pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsant, antiviral, anthelmintic, antioxidant, anticancer, and other anticipated activities. Hence, structural alterations have resulted in different
benzothiazole derivatives that illustrated a wide variety of pharmacological activities.
Clinical Features and Disease Damage Risk Factors in an Egyptian SLE Cohort: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Afifi Naglaa , El Bakry Samah A. , Mohannad Nevine , Bassyouni Iman H. , Elezz Nahla F. Abou , El-Shazly Reem , Hussein Safaa A.
Published: November 2020

Background:

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has a variable natural history and
clinical characteristics. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the clinical and immunological characteristics,
and assess the disease accrual of an Egyptian SLE cohort.

Methods:

The study included 569 SLE patients who were collected from three different centers; demographic,
laboratory data, cumulative manifestations, and comorbidities were assessed (characteristics
at the time of diagnosis were recorded retrospectively, while current clinical data were recorded
cross-sectionally). Evaluation of disease activity was done using Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Disease Activity Index score (SLEDAI) and damage by Systemic Lupus International Collaborative
Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI).

Results:

The median age of patients at disease onset was 25.0±10.5 years, the median disease duration
was 4.0 (6.5) years, the female to male ratio was (12.5:1), and the median SLEDAI was
12.0±14.0. Family history of SLE was noticed in 4%. Antinuclear antibody was positive in all patients
and 86% had positive anti-double-stranded DNA. Arthritis/arthralgia was the most frequent
presenting symptom (44%) followed by fever (39%). Along the disease course; alopecia was the
most common clinical manifestation (76.1%), followed by constitutional symptoms (75.9%), and
nephritis (65.7%). Three hundred and five patients encountered organ damage (SDI >1); kidney damage
was the most frequent (32%), followed by cardiovascular damage (24.3%). Neutropenia,
hypocomplementemia, arthritis, hypertension, longer disease duration, and higher disease activity
were found to be independent risk factors for disease damage.

Conclusions:

There are some diversities and similarities in our findings compared to the previously
reported data. Arthritis is the most common presenting symptom, while alopecia is the most frequent
clinical finding, and a higher prevalence of nephritis was reported. Renal damage is the most
frequent outcome.
A Review on the Current Principles of Antibiotic Therapy for Diabetic Foot Infection
Authors: Bharathi Sainath Prasanna , Sukumaran Sathesh Kumar
Published: November 2020

Foot infections, being one of the major complications, account for nearly 15% of people
with diabetes, and increase their risk for amputation in lower extremities. Though various factors
contribute to the development of diabetic foot infection, poor glycemic control poses a greater risk
paving the way for a number of micro-organisms to colonize the wound.

In order to restore the lost granulation tissue at the ulcer site, the prime aim should not only be attaining
glycemic control but also must focus on performing culture by clinically differentiating the
stage of infection as well as to manage or control the infection by selecting a rational empiric antibiotic
regimen, amidst the uncertainty that exists in choosing best antimicrobial therapy in emerging
multi-drug resistance worldwide.

This review mainly analyzes that although among the existence of various undefined microbiome
being prevalent in causing diabetic foot infections, how the current trend of antibiotics in use aids
in treating foot infections in diabetes.
Types of personality, audit structure and transformational leadership styles moderate the effect of organizational commitments on auditor performance
Authors: Suputra I Dewa Gde Dharma , Widhiyani Ni Luh Sari
Published: November 2020

The studies population in this study were auditors of the public accounting firm / KAP in the Province of Bali, then the research sample was determined using a purposive sampling method. Furthermore, primary data were collected in the form of respondents' perceptions using a modified questionnaire from previous researchers and tested for compliance with the instrument's validity and reliability test requirements. Then, the collected data were tabulated and analyzed using the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) technique through the following stages: classical assumption test, model feasibility test (F test), determination coefficient analysis (Ajd. R2), research hypothesis testing (t-test) is good for its partial and moderate influence. The results of the study found that organizational commitment improves auditor performance. Personality type is not able to strengthen the positive effect of organizational commitment on auditor performance. Audit structure and transformational leadership style reinforce the positive effect of organizational commitment on auditor performance.
Debiasing halo effect: auditor reputation and the role of auditing learning on financial statements user trust
Authors: Rama Radian Sri , T Sutrisno , Saraswati Erwin , Rahman Aulia Fuad
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of auditor reputation (big four and non-big four) and auditing learning (with audit learning and without audit learning) on the trust of users of financial statements. Testing the influence of the auditor's reputation and learning will show a halo effect on users of financial statements. The research method used was an experiment. Participants were 102 students. Data analysis was performed with the two-way Anova test. The results showed a halo effect so that the auditor's reputation and audit learning affected the users of financial statements.
Examining the linkage among market orientation, learning orientation and innovation performance: The mediation role of knowledge management
Authors: Putra Anak Agung Gede Andy Pratama , Wahyuni Ni Made , Yasa Putu Ngurah Suyatna , Giantari I Gusti Ayu Ketut
Published: November 2020

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) exports contribute as a driver of the global economy and a source of economic growth. In the global era, to main a competitive advantage, SMEs need to produce behavior to ensure the feasibility of innovation performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between market orientation, learning orientation, and knowledge management on innovation performance. The research method uses a research design cross-section. The study population includes all export-oriented manufacturing industries. SMEs and is registered in the Bali Provincial Industry and Trade Office database (2019). A total of 94 senior managers are SME interested in participating in the survey. Seven hypotheses are presented related to market orientation, learning orientation, knowledge management, and innovation performance, and the mediating effect of knowledge management. Structural equation model based Partial least square (SEM-PLS) is used to test the hypothesis. These findings reveal that learning orientation in manufacturing SME operation contributes to knowledge management. Knowledge management plays a mediating role in the relationship between market orientation and learning orientation on innovation performance. These results contribute additional insights to managers and policymakers about the concepts of market orientation, learning orientation, and knowledge management to achieve innovation performance.
Adaptive Elements in Internet-Delivered Psychological Treatment Systems: Systematic Review
Authors: Mukhiya Suresh Kumar , Wake Jo Dugstad , Inal Yavuz , Pun Ka I , Lamo Yngve
Published: November 2020

Background

Internet-delivered psychological treatments (IDPTs) are built on evidence-based psychological treatment models, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, and are adjusted for internet use. The use of internet technologies has the potential to increase access to evidence-based mental health services for a larger proportion of the population with the use of fewer resources. However, despite extensive evidence that internet interventions can be effective in the treatment of mental health disorders, user adherence to such internet intervention is suboptimal.

Objective

This review aimed to (1) inspect and identify the adaptive elements of IDPT for mental health disorders, (2) examine how system adaptation influences the efficacy of IDPT on mental health treatments, (3) identify the information architecture, adaptive dimensions, and strategies for implementing these interventions for mental illness, and (4) use the findings to create a conceptual framework that provides better user adherence and adaptiveness in IDPT for mental health issues.

Methods

The review followed the guidelines from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The research databases Medline (PubMed), ACM Digital Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane were searched for studies dating from January 2000 to January 2020. Based on predetermined selection criteria, data from eligible studies were analyzed.

Results

A total of 3341 studies were initially identified based on the inclusion criteria. Following a review of the title, abstract, and full text, 31 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected, most of which described attempts to tailor interventions for mental health disorders. The most common adaptive elements were feedback messages to patients from therapists and intervention content. However, how these elements contribute to the efficacy of IDPT in mental health were not reported. The most common information architecture used by studies was tunnel-based, although a number of studies did not report the choice of information architecture used. Rule-based strategies were the most common adaptive strategies used by these studies. All of the studies were broadly grouped into two adaptive dimensions based on user preferences or using performance measures, such as psychometric tests.

Conclusions

 Several studies suggest that adaptive IDPT has the potential to enhance intervention outcomes and increase user adherence. There is a lack of studies reporting design elements, adaptive elements, and adaptive strategies in IDPT systems. Hence, focused research on adaptive IDPT systems and clinical trials to assess their effectiveness are needed.
Young Adults’ Perspectives on the Use of Symptom Checkers for Self-Triage and Self-Diagnosis: Qualitative Study
Authors: Aboueid Stephanie , Meyer Samantha , Wallace James R , Mahajan Shreya , Chaurasia Ashok
Published: November 2020

Background

Young adults often browse the internet for self-triage and diagnosis. More sophisticated digital platforms such as symptom checkers have recently become pervasive; however, little is known about their use.

Objective

The aim of this study was to understand young adults’ (18-34 years old) perspectives on the use of the Google search engine versus a symptom checker, as well as to identify the barriers and enablers for using a symptom checker for self-triage and self-diagnosis.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive case study research design was used. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 24 young adults enrolled in a university in Ontario, Canada. All participants were given a clinical vignette and were asked to use a symptom checker (WebMD Symptom Checker or Babylon Health) while thinking out loud, and were asked questions regarding their experience. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and imported into the NVivo software program. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted independently by two researchers.

Results

Using the Google search engine was perceived to be faster and more customizable (ie, ability to enter symptoms freely in the search engine) than a symptom checker; however, a symptom checker was perceived to be useful for a more personalized assessment. After having used a symptom checker, most of the participants believed that the platform needed improvement in the areas of accuracy, security and privacy, and medical jargon used. Given these limitations, most participants believed that symptom checkers could be more useful for self-triage than for self-diagnosis. Interestingly, more than half of the participants were not aware of symptom checkers prior to this study and most believed that this lack of awareness about the existence of symptom checkers hindered their use.

Conclusions

Awareness related to the existence of symptom checkers and their integration into the health care system are required to maximize benefits related to these platforms. Addressing the barriers identified in this study is likely to increase the acceptance and use of symptom checkers by young adults.