bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occupational noise exposure and its association with incident hyperglycemia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chang Ta-Yuan , Yu Tzu-Yi , Liu Chiu-Shong , Young Li-Hao , Bao Bo-Ying
Published: November 2019

Background: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the association between noise exposure and diabetes, but few studies have reported the relationship between noise frequency components and fasting blood glucose. This study investigated the associations between noise levels, frequency characteristics, and the incident hyperglycemia. Methods: An industry-based cohort of 905 volunteers was enrolled and followed-up from the data of first employment to 2012. Personal noise levels and octave-band frequencies of environmental noise were measured systematically in 2012 to classify subjects’ exposure retrospectively. Cox regression models were applied to calculate the relative risk (RR) of hyperglycemia by continuous and categorical noise-exposure and frequency-component levels, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Subjects exposed to ≥80 A-weighted decibels (dBA) had an increased RR for hyperglycemia of 1.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11, 2.84) compared with those exposed to <70 dBA. The high-exposure groups at frequencies of 31.5 (≥33 decibel [dB]), 63 (≥44 dB), 125 (≥52 dB), 250 (≥59 dB), 500 (≥65 dB), 1000 (≥68 dB), and 2000 (≥68 dB) Hz had a significantly higher risk of hyperglycemia (all p values < 0.05) than did the low-exposure groups, and those exposed at 31.5 Hz had the highest risk (Adjusted RR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.23, 3.16). Per 5-dB increase in noise frequencies at 31.5, 63, 125, 250, 500 Hz, and 1000 Hz were associated with an elevated incidence of hyperglycemia (all p < 0.05), with the highest risk of 1.27 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.47) at 31.5 Hz (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Exposure to occupational noise may be associated with an increased incidence of hyperglycemia, with the highest risk observed at 31.5 Hz, providing a possible link between noise exposure and cardio-metabolic disease.
Clinical outcomes after mix-and-match implantation of diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses with +2.75 and +4.00 diopter add powers
Authors: Lee Jae Hyuck , Lee Hun , Lee Jin Ah , Yoo Aeri , Kim Jae Yong , Tchah Hungwon
Published: November 2019

Background

To evaluate the clinical outcomes of bilateral mix-and-match implantation of diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) with different add powers.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 18 patients who underwent bilateral mix-and-match implantation of diffractive multifocal IOLs with different add powers. Multifocal IOLs with add powers of +2.75 diopters (D) and +4.00 D were implanted into the patients’ dominant and nondominant eyes, respectively. At 1 and 3-month postoperatively, monocular and binocular visual acuity was measured using logMAR charts and manifest refraction was performed. Specifically, logMAR charts were used to measure uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA). Defocus curves, contrast sensitivity, and patient satisfaction were assessed at 3-month postoperatively.

Results

Binocular logMAR measurements (mean ± standard deviation) at 3-month postoperatively were 0.01±0.04 (UDVA), 0.16±0.05 (UIVA), and 0.11±0.07 (UNVA). Postoperative spherical equivalent was -0.43±0.35 D and -0.39±0.21 D in the dominant and nondominant eyes, respectively. Defocus curves showed significant differences between -1.50 and -4.00 D among binocular, dominant, and nondominant eye measurements, except between -2.50 and -3.00 D. Eyes implanted with +2.75 and +4.00 D IOLs showed good contrast sensitivity under photopic and mesopic conditions. Over 80% of patients reported high satisfaction with their near vision.

Conclusions

Bilateral mix-and-match implantation of diffractive multifocal IOLs with add powers of +2.75 D and +4.00 D showed good near, intermediate, and far vision.
A comparison between arthroscopic and open surgery for treatment outcomes of chronic lateral ankle instability accompanied by osteochondral lesions of the talus
Authors: Xu Can , Li Mingqing , Wang Chenggong , Liu Hua
Published: November 2019

Background : The present study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of concurrent arthroscopic treatment of osteochondral lesion of talus (OLT) and lateral ankle instability. It was hypothesized that the outcome of all arthroscopic surgery was no worse than that of the combined open and arthroscopic surgery for treating chronic lateral ankle instability accompanied by OLT.
Methods : All the patients diagnosed of chronic lateral ankle instability accompanied by OLT who were surgically treated between May 2015 and May2017 were targeted for inclusion. A total of 32 patients received concurrent arthroscopic treatment of OLT and lateral ankle instability, and 35 patients received arthroscopic treatment of OLT and open lateral ankle stabilization. All these patients were followed up using Karlsson Ankle Functional Score, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Tegner activity score, and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Score (AOFAS). The satisfaction and complication rate was evaluated and compared.
Results : At 24-month follow-up, the Karlsson score, VAS score, Tegner score and AOFAS score were significantly improved in both groups in relation to the pre-operative condition. The two groups did not differ significantly from each other in terms of functional outcomes, satisfaction and complication rate.
Conclusion : In comparison with the open lateral ankle stabilization and arthroscopic treatment of OLT, the all arthroscopic procedure showed no difference in clinical outcome at 24-month follow-up for treating chronic lateral ankle instability accompanied by OLT. With the benefits of minimal invasive arthroscopic procedure and an aggressive rehabilitation protocol, the treatment efficacy for the patients with chronic lateral ankle instability accompanied by OLT was still inferior to that for the patients with chronic ankle instability.
Trial registration : The present study was carried out with the retrospectively registered data starting from May 28, 2015
Low adherence to exercise may have influenced the proportion of OMERACT-OARSI responders in an integrated OA care model: Secondary analyses from a cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Moseng Tuva , Dagfinrud Hanne , Bodegom-Vos Leti van , Dziedzic Krysia , Hagen Kåre Birger , Natvig Bård , Røtterud Jan Harald , Vlieland Thea Vliet , Østerås Nina
Published: November 2019

Background: To address the well-documented gap between hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) treatment recommendations and current clinical practice, a structured model for integrated OA care was developed and evaluated in a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial. The current study used secondary outcomes to evaluate clinically important response to treatment through the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials clinical responder criteria (OMERACT-OARSI responder criteria) after 3 and 6 months between patients receiving the structured OA care model vs. usual care. Secondly, the study aimed to investigate if the proportion of responders in the intervention group was influenced by adherence to the exercise program inherent in the model.
Methods: The study was conducted in primary healthcare in six Norwegian municipalities. General practitioners and physiotherapists received training in OA treatment recommendations and use of the structured model. The intervention group attended a physiotherapist-led OA education program and performed individually tailored exercises for 8-12 weeks. The control group received usual care. Patient-reported pain, function and global assessment of disease activity during the last week were evaluated using 11-point numeric rating scales (NRS 0-10). These scores were used to calculate the proportion of OMERACT-OARSI responders. Two-level mixed logistic regression models were fitted to investigate differences in responders between the intervention and control group.
Results: 284 intervention and 109 control group participants with hip and knee OA recruited from primary care in six Norwegian municipalities. In total 47% of the intervention and 35% of the control group participants were responders at 3 or 6 months combined; showing an uncertain between-group difference (OR adjusted 1.38 (95% CI 0.41, 4.67). In the intervention group, 184 participants completed the exercise programme (exercised ≥2 times/week for ≥8 weeks) and 55% of these were classified as responders. In contrast, 28% of the 86 non-completers were classified as responders.
Conclusions: The difference in proportion of OMERACT-OARSI responders at 3 and 6 months between the intervention and control group was uncertain. In the intervention group, a larger proportion of responders were seen among the exercise completers compared to the non-completers.
Associations between social and intellectual activities with cognitive trajectories in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: a nationally representative cohort study
Authors: Li Haibin , Li Changwei , Wang Anxin , Feng Wei , Hou Chengbei , Tao Lixin , Liu Xiangtong , Li Xia , Wang Wei , Zheng Deqiang , Guo Xiuhua
Published: November 2019

Background Associations between the frequency of social and intellectual activities and cognitive trajectories are understudied in Chinese middle-aged and older adults. We aimed to examine this association in a nationally representative longitudinal study.Methods The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) is a prospective cohort study conducted from 2011 to 2016, with a nationally representative sample of Chinese middle-aged and older participants. The frequency of social and intellectual activities was measured in 2011-2012. Interview-based cognitive assessments of orientation and attention, episodic memory, and visuospatial skills and the calculation of combined global scores were conducted in three waves (2011-2012, 2013-2014 and 2015-2016). Cognitive trajectories over the study period were analyzed using group-based trajectory models (GBTMs), and the associations of the trajectory memberships with social and intellectual activities were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.Results After excluding respondents with missing data on cognitive function, we ultimately included 7243 participants aged 50 years or older in the analysis. Three trajectory groups for global cognitive performance over time were identiﬁed: low (20.34%), intermediate (34.39%) and high (45.27%). After adjustment for sociodemographic variables, lifestyles and health conditions, more frequent intellectual activities (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.32 - 0.58) and social activities (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.56 - 0.78) were both associated with a lower likelihood of being in the low global cognitive trajectory group than in the high trajectory group in separate analyses. These associations persisted after mutually exclusive adjustment for social and intellectual activities.Conclusions More frequent social and intellectual activities were associated with more favorable cognitive aging trajectories. Increasing the frequency of engagement in social and intellectual activities might help delay or prevent cognitive impairment in older people.
Dexmedetomidine for prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients after oral and maxillofacial surgery with fibular free flap reconstruction: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Liu Yun , Zhu Xi , Zhou Dan , Han Fang , Yang Xu Dong
Published: November 2019

Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are common and significant problems for oral and maxillofacial surgery patients. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), an α2-adrenoreceptor agonist, has been proven having lung protection effects. However, since now, there has not been final conclusion about whether DEX can reduce the incidence of PPCs. We hypothesize that, in oral and maxillofacial surgery with fibular free flap reconstruction patients, DEX may decrease the incidence of PPCs.Methods: This was a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-centered trial with two parallel arms. A total of 160 patients at intermediate-to-high risk of PPCs undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery with fibular free flap reconstruction and tracheotomy were enrolled and randomized to receive continuous infusion of either DEX or placebo (normal saline). 0.4ug/kg dose of DEX was given over 10mins as an initial dose followed by a maintaining dose of 0.4ug/kg/h till the second day morning after surgery. At the same time, the normal saline was administered a similar quantity. The primary outcome was the incidence of PPCs according to Clavien-Dindo score within 7 days after surgery.Results: The two groups had similar characteristics at baseline. 18(22.5%) of 80 patients administered DEX, and 32(40.0%) of 80 patient administered placebo experienced PPCs within the first 7 days after surgery (relative ratio [RR] 0.563,95% confidence interval [CI] 0.346-0.916; P=0.017). In the first 7 days after surgery, the DEX group had a lower incidence of PPCs and a better postoperative survival probability (Log-rank test, P=0.019), and was less prone to occur PPCs (Cox regression, P=0.025, HR=0.516). When the total dose of DEX was more than 328μg, the patients were unlikely to have PPCs (ROC curve, AUC=0.614, P=0.009).Conclusions: Continuous infusion of DEX marks a huge decrease in the appearance of PPCs within the first 7days after surgery, for patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery with fibular free flap reconstruction and tracheotomy.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, www.chictr.org.cn, number: ChiCTR1800016153; Registered on May 15, 2018.
A Proposed Framework of Factors Affecting Patient Adoption of mHealth in the Developing World.
Authors: Addotey-Delove Michael Nii-Addotey , Scott Richard E. , Mars Maurice
Published: November 2019

Patient perceptions and experiences of mobile health (m-health) systems have been recognised as an important element to consider in the adoption of m-health based technologies. Though much research supports this, published studies on m-health use by patients appear to highlight these issues in an isolated rather than holistic manner. Consequently, there is no encompassing framework that serves as a guide for effective implementation and maximum adoption of m-health from patients’ perspective in the developing world. This review documents patient adoption issues, and uses these to develop a framework of patient adoption issues for m-health in the developing world.
A structured literature search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus. For PubMed a consolidated search string combined ‘MESH’ terms and ‘All Fields’ terms for selected keywords. For Scopus an equally consolidated search string was used. The searches were restricted to articles in English during the period January 2000 - December2018 and relevant to the developing world. Duplicate articles were removed. Titles and abstracts were screened by all authors for inclusion, and studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected for full-text review. Review and data abstraction was performed by two authors.
Fifty four articles reported factors that impact patient adoption. Review and data abstraction identified specific factors, initially classified under 22 categories, that promote or impede m-health adoption in the developing world. Continued iterative review and discussion reduced these to 7 primary categories, with 21 sub-categories.
The review showed: great inconsistency in the approach and tools used in published studies; multiple factors impact patient adoption of m-health in the developing world; the specific factors vary from setting to setting (e.g., country, rurality, mobile device type) and by recency of findings. Successful adoption of m-health by patients in the developing world critically depends on addressing the factors identified in the proposed framework, and assessing them prior to implementation of m-health initiatives in any specific setting. The framework will serve to: increase the consistency of patient adoption studies, form the basis for informed policy decisions by stakeholders, and provide the foundation for greater success of future m-health implementations for patients in the developing world.
Eriugeny koncepcja stworzenia wszystkiego z niczego w człowieku
Authors: Grzegorzyca Adam
Published: November 2019

Stary Testament objawia prawdę o stworzeniu przez Boga wszystkiego z niczego, a chrześcijaństwo przyjęło to objawienie i chrześcijańscy myśliciele rozwinęli tę koncepcję. Chrześcijański neoplatonik Jan Szkot Eriugena prowadził rozważania dotyczące stworzenia oraz nicości, z której Bóg uczynił wszystko. Interpretując biblijny opis stworzenia na gruncie autorskiego systemu filozoficznego Eriugena doszedł do wniosku, że nicość jest doskonałą pełnią dobroci Boga, który dokonał aktu stworzenia wszystkiego w ludzkiej naturze. W doskonałym człowieku powstało doskonałe stworzenie. Błąd wynikający z nierozumnego wyboru spowodował, że człowiek pozbył się doskonałości i zaczął istnieć w niedoskonałej formie. Wraz z człowiekiem do gorszej formy istnienia zeszło również całe stworzenie, które w ludzkiej naturze powstało. Koncepcja stworzenia wszystkiego z niczego w człowieku wydaje się stanowić wstęp do rozważań Eriugeny dotyczących wcielenia odwiecznego Logosu – Słowa – Boga Syna, który umożliwia powrót do stanu doskonałości.
Uwagi o teistycznej interpretacji zasady antropicznej
Authors: Pabjan Tadeusz
Published: November 2019

Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, jaką wartość dla teologicznej argumentacji za istnieniem Boga ma zasada antropiczna. Mówi ona o subtelnym „dostrojeniu” praw przyrody i parametrów kosmologicznych, bez którego we wszechświecie nie mógłby pojawić się człowiek. Wszechświat wydaje się zatem istnieć dla określonego celu, jakim jest „wyprodukowanie” rozumnego obserwatora. Ze względu na swój teleologiczny charakter zasada antropiczna jest podatna na interpretację teologiczną, w której zakłada się, że to Bóg powołuje do istnienia wszechświat przygotowany dla człowieka. W tym ujęciu Stwórca jawi się jako projektant wszechświata, ale Jego projekt dotyczy tu tylko praw przyrody – z tej racji interpretacja ta różni się zasadniczo od tzw. teorii inteligentnego projektu. W artykule uzasadniono tezę, że zasada antropiczna jest ciekawym argumentem – ale nie naukowym dowodem – za racjonalnością religijnej wiary w Boga, który jest stwórcą wszechświata.
Mitigation of Radiation-induced Gastrointestinal System Injury using Resveratrol or Alpha-lipoic Acid: A Pilot Histopathological Study
Authors: Farhood Bagher , Hassanzadeh Gholamreza , Amini Peyman , Shabeeb Dheyauldeen , Musa Ahmed Eleojo , Khodamoradi Ehsan , Mohseni Mehran , Aliasgharzadeh Akbar , Moradi Habiballah , Najafi Masoud
Published: November 2019

Aim:

In this study, we aimed to determine possible mitigation of radiationinduced
toxicities in the duodenum, jejunum and colon using post-exposure treatment with
resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid.

Background:

After the bone marrow, gastrointestinal system toxicity is the second critical
cause of death following whole-body exposure to radiation. Its side effects reduce the quality
of life of patients who have undergone radiotherapy. Resveratrol has an antioxidant effect
and stimulates DNA damage responses (DDRs). Alpha-lipoic acid neutralizes free radicals
via the recycling of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol.

Objective:

This study is a pilot investigation of the mitigation of enteritis using resveratrol
and alpha-lipoic acid following histopathological study.

Methods:

60 male mice were randomly assigned to six groups; control, resveratrol treatment,
alpha-lipoic acid treatment, whole-body irradiation, irradiation plus resveratrol, and
irradiation plus alpha-lipoic acid. The mice were irradiated with a single dose of 7 Gy from
a cobalt-60 gamma-ray source. Treatment with resveratrol or alpha-lipoic acid started 24 h
after irradiation and continued for 4 weeks. All mice were sacrificed after 30 days for histopathological
evaluation of radiation-induced toxicities in the duodenum, jejunum and colon.

Results and Conclusion:

Exposure to radiation caused mild to severe damages to vessels,
goblet cells and villous. It also led to significant infiltration of macrophages and leukocytes,
especially in the colon. Both resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid were able to mitigate
morphological changes. However, they could not mitigate vascular injury.

Conclusion:

Resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid could mitigate radiation-induced injuries in
the small and large intestine. A comparison between these agents showed that resveratrol
may be a more effective mitigator compared to alpha-lipoic acid.
Madecassic Acid Reduces Fast Transient Potassium Channels and Promotes Neurite Elongation in Hippocampal CA1 Neurons
Authors: Siddiqui Sonia , Khan Faisal , Jamali Khawar Saeed , Musharraf Syed Ghulam
Published: November 2019

Background and Objective:

Madecassic Acid (MA) is well known to induce neurite elongation.
However, its correlation with the expression of fast transient potassium (AKv) channels during
neuronal development has not been well studied. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate
the effects of MA on the modulation of AKv channels during neurite outgrowth.

Methods:

Neurite outgrowth was measured with morphometry software, and Kv4 currents were recorded
by using the patch clamp technique.

Results:

The ability of MA to promote neurite outgrowth is dose-dependent and was blocked by using
the mitogen/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126. MA reduced the peak current
density and surface expression of the AKv channel Kv4.2 with or without the presence of NaN3.
The surface expression of Kv4.2 channels was also reduced after MA treatment of growing neurons.
Ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker,
MK801 along with MA prevented the effect of MA on neurite length, indicating that calcium entry
through NMDA receptors is necessary for MA-induced neurite outgrowth.

Conclusion:

The data demonstrated that MA increased neurite outgrowth by internalizing AKv channels
in neurons. Any alterations in the precise density of ion channels can lead to deleterious consequences
on health because it changes the electrical and mechanical function of a neuron or a cell.
Modulating ion channel’s density is exciting research in order to develop novel drugs for the therapeutic
treatment of various diseases of CNS.
Anatomically Correct: Implementing and Evaluating an Educational Digital Game for Applied Sciences Students
Authors: Janssen Anna , Chan Cliffton , Shaw Tim , Nicholson Leslie L
Published: November 2019

Digital games are a common form of entertainment in modern society and are increasingly prevalent in health education. However, little research has been conducted into their use for delivering anatomy and histology education for health students. This is surprising considering the difficulty many health students have learning anatomy and histology. The study used a mixed methodology, consisting of a controlled trial and qualitative evaluation of learner attitudes towards the digital game. The trial stratified learners into two groups: a digital game group and a multiple-choice quiz group, for one semester. At the end of semester final examination results from the two groups were compared to see if the digital game was a comparable means of revising anatomy and histology subject matter. Additionally, an online survey and semi-structured interviews were used to explore student attitudes towards the digital game. Findings demonstrated that a digital game could be as effective as alternative methods to support revision of anatomy subject matter. Further, results post-intervention survey (n=10) and semi-structured interviews (n=6) showed that students were interested in the use of digital games to support revision and enjoyed their experiences using the digital game during their studies.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TERBINAFINE HYDROCHLORIDE MICROSPONGE GEL
Authors: THAVVA VEDAVATHI , BARATAM SRINIVASA RAO
Published: November 2019

Objective: The purpose of the present research work was to formulate and evaluate Terbinafine hydrochloride microsponges using quasi emulsion solvent diffusion technique and microsponge gel by using carbopol for controlled release of the drug and consequently avoiding its side effects.

Methods: Microsponges containing Terbinafine hydrochloride were obtained successfully with six different drugs: polymer ratios. The formulations were studied for particle size, physical characterization, and in vitro release.

Results: A selected THCI microsponge (MS IV) due to its better results when compared to other microsponge formulations was incorporated in different concentrations of carbopol and formulated as gels and evaluated for its pH, viscosity, spreadability, drug content, in vitro release, antifungal activity and in vivo studies. Among the four microsponge gel formulations, THMG II showed better results like pH 6.2, viscosity 3960 cps, spreadability 18.1 g cm/s, drug content of 87.6% and drug release showed fickian release pattern. The antifungal studies showed a zone of inhibition with 15.8 mm when compared to the pure drug, 19.2 mm, marketed formulation 16.0 mm and also showed better antifungal activity on fungal induced guinea pig skin when compared with control.

Conclusion: In this study, we found that the controlled release of terbinafine hydrochloride from the microsponge gel reduced side effects and remarkably decreased gel application for fungal treatment.
SIMULTANEOUS ASSAYS OF METFORMIN HCL AND GLIBENCLAMIDE MIXTURE USING TWO ANALYTICAL METHODS OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Authors: BACHRI MUCHLISYAM
Published: November 2019

Objective: Area Under Curve method (AUC) and the Multiple Wavelength Spectrophotometric (MWS) method are practice and simple methods for simultaneous assays of Metformin HCl and Glibenclamide on the tablet dosage form.

Methods: The AUC method is measured for the absorption spectrum with a concentration 4 mg/l Metformin HCl by calculating the area spectrum at wavelength 230-240 nm and the absorption spectrum with a concentration 8.7 mg/l Glibenclamide by calculating the area at wavelength 225-235 nm. The MWS by determining the absorption spectrum and the five wavelength points for the absorption value at 225 nm, 229.4 nm, 236.6 nm, 233 nm, and 243 nm and calculated using matrix operations.

Results: The validation test of the AUC method for Metformin HCl obtained accuracy = 99.35%, linearity = 0.9881, precision = 0.39%, LOD = 0.4459 mg/l. LOQ = 1.4864 mg/l and for Glibenclamide obtained accuracy = 100.79%, linearity = 0.9993, precision = 0.65%, LOD=0.4372 mg/l, LOQ = 1.4072 mg/l and the MWS method for Metformin HCl obtained accuracy = 100.76%, linearity 0.9949,  precision = 0.65%, LOD = 0.9103 mg/l, LOQ = 3.0431 mg/l, and for Glibenclamide with accuracy = 100.07%, linearity = 0.9993. precision = 0.36%, LOD = 0.9205 mg/l. LOQ = 3.0431 mg/l , and appropriate the requirements of ICH guidelines.

Conclusion: These Methods successively applied to determine of Metformin HCl and Glibenclamide mixture in tablet dosage form and fulfill the validation requirements.
FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF LEVAMISOLE CHEWABLE TABLETS
Authors: CHAUDHARY PRADIP KUMAR , T. ABDUL RAHEEM , MACHALE MANJUNATH U , VASIA  , SHAIK SADIK
Published: November 2019

Objective: The aim of the present study was to prepare and optimize levamisole chewable tablets by using various super disintegrants, namely; sodium starch glycolate, DRC Indion 204, and DRC Indion 234.

Methods: Drug excipient compatibility study was carried out by FTIR spectroscopy to verify the compatibility of levamisole with the excipients. Nine batches of levamisole chewable tablets were prepared according to 32 factorial designs using a direct compression method by optimizing the super disintegrant concentration. The powder blend was exposed to pre-compression studies of the powder blend followed by post-compression studies of the formulated tablets.

Results: FTIR study revealed that the excipients used in the formulations were compatible with the drug. The pre-compression and post-compression parameters were found within the IP limits. Form the dissolution studies, it was evident that the formulation prepared with DRC Indion 234 (50 mg) showed maximum percentage drug release in 45 min (97.13%) hence it is considered as optimized formulation. When compared to all other formulation, the batches with DRC Indion 234 (F7-F9) showed a better release of the drug (90 % drug release within 45 min).

Conclusion: Nine batches of levamisole chewable tablets were successfully formulated by optimizing the concentration of super disintegrants such as sodium starch glycolate, DRC Indion 204, and DRC Indion 234. It was concluded from the dissolution studies that the DRC Indion 234 is the best super disintegrant irrespective of their concentration for the formulation of levamisole chewable tablets when compared to sodium starch Glycolate and DRC Indion 204.
DESIGN AND IN VITRO RELEASE KINETICS OF LIPOSOMAL FORMULATION OF ACYCLOVIR
Authors: ROY DEBATRI , DAS SUDIPTA , SAMANTA ARNAB
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate liposomes loaded with acyclovir.

Methods: Liposomal formulation of acyclovir was prepared by “thin lipid film method”. Mixture of phosphotidyl choline (soya lecithin), acyclovir and cholesterol of varying weight ratio was used for the preparation of liposomes. Total nine batches were prepared and each batch was prepared in triplicate. All batches were evaluated by drug entrapment and release kinetic studies. Stability study was carried out with F4 batch.

Results: F2 and F9formulations showed better drug entrapment efficiency compared to the other batches. The drug entrapment efficiency of all batches was found within the range of 51.42 % to 79.0 %. F4 shows highest release of about 79.0% in 4 h. F4 formulation was found to follow significantly zero-order release kinetics. Short term stability study of formulation F4 showed no significant change in release kinetics.

Conclusion: The F4 batches showed promising results compared to other formulations. No changes were founded during the short-term stability study of F4.
OPTIMIZATION AND PREPARATION OF SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLE INCORPORATED TRANSDERMAL PATCH OF TIMOLOL MALEATE USING FACTORIAL DESIGN
Authors: PARVEEN KUMAR  , SHRIVASTAVA BIRENDRA , GUPTA MADAN MOHAN , SHARMA ANIL KUMAR
Published: November 2019

Objective: Transdermal patch of timolol maleate was prepared in order to increase the permeability of the drug topically.

Methods: The timolol maleate (TM) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. For the optimization process full factorial (three-factor and three-level), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) range from 100 to 300 mg, ethylcellulose 100 to 200 gm and almond oil 3 to 4 ml. The response noted in form of tensile strength and percent drug release. These transdermal patches were evaluated for physical characterization like weight variation, thickness, percentage moisture absorption, percentage moisture loss, water vapor transmission rate, folding endurance, tensile strength, and content uniformity.

Results: Solid lipid nanoparticles of TM were optimized and prepared, the data presented that drug release percent ranged from 66.12 to 91.75. 2FI model was observed to fit for response % drug permeation with a p and F value of 0.0271 and 4.50. The tensile strength varies from 0.358 to 0.508. The linear model was observed to fit for the tensile strength response with a p-value and F-value of<0.0001 and 52.41.

Conclusion: The controlled release formulation of Timolol Maleate was successfully optimized and prepared, a study conducted to investigate the effect of different polymers and type of permeation time profiles from Timolol Maleate patches.
CHARACTERIZATION OF DRUGS ENCAPSULATED INTO MESOPOROUS SILICA
Authors: BUDIMAN ARIF
Published: November 2019

Solubility of the drug has a strong influence to achieve higher bioavailability of the drug in systemic circulation. More than 70% NCEs (new chemical entities) are hydrophobic, and practically difficult into solid formulation due to their poor water solubility. Mesoporous silicas (MSP) have been used for drug delivery system, especially for poorly water-soluble drugs. Encapsulation and interaction of drugs in MSP can enhance the delivery and maintain the stability of the drug. However, the characterization of the drug in MSP is necessary to confirm its molecular state. In this review, we present an overview of reports related to the characterization of drug encapsulated into MSP. Encapsulation of drugs in MSP can prevent recrystallization of drugs due to its inhibition of crystal nucleation. A porous material in MSP can maintain the drug in a physically stable amorphous state. The preventing of drug crystallization in MSP can enhance the solubility and the dissolution rate of drug. Therefore, in this work, attempts have been made to understand the molecular state of the drug in MSP. The physicochemical characterization of drug by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were discussed. The effect of solvent and methods of drug loading and the effect of the shape of MSP on release profiles are also presented. Overall, this review provides information about the characterization of drug encapsulated into MSP which will be useful in pharmaceutical formulation development.
ASSESSMENT OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF NELUMBO NUCIFERA FRUIT ETHANOL EXTRACT
Authors: RAJPUT MUHAMMAD ALI , ZEHRA TABASSUM , ALI FIZZAH , KUMAR GUNESH
Published: November 2019

Objective: Utilization of herbal remedies rich in flavonoids and vitamins have increased significantly these days to treat various disorders, thus existing research work encircled to appraise the analgesic effect of Nelumbo nucifera fruit (NNF) for evaluating its traditional use pharmacologically in disorders which are associated with pain and inflammation.

Methods: Central analgesic activity in mice was assessed by tail flick test and the latency time i.e. the removal of tail from the stimulus was recorded. Similarly acetic acid induced writhing test was also conducted for the assessment of peripheral analgesic effect in mice and number of writhes was counted along with percent inhibition of writhes.

Results: In tail flick test the peek anti-nociceptive effect at all doses of fruit was observed at 90 min. However, the percentage of tail elongation time was highest at a dose of 200 mg/kg i.e. 82% at 90 min. Number of writhes was highly significantly reduced at all doses of NNF but maximum effects were observed at dose 200 mg/kg as compared to control, indicating 48.41 % inhibition of writhes.

Conclusion: NNF have exhibited strong analgesic effect in both animal models, which may be connected with the synergistic actions of flavonoids, saponins and tannins on arachidonic acid pathway inhibition. Hence NNF seems to have a great potential in disorders associated with pain but more experimental trials in this field are required to confirm these findings.
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STANDARDIZATION OF PHYSALIS MINIMA L. LEAF
Authors: SHIL DIBYENDU , LALOO DAMIKI , CHANDA DAS SMRITI REKHA , DASH SUVAKANTA
Published: November 2019

Objective: To evaluate the pharmacognostical and phytochemical parameters of Physalis minima leaf.

Methods: The leaf of Physalis minima was examined for macroscopical, microscopical, physicochemical parameters and fluorescence analysis. Extracts obtained from the leaf was analyzed for phytochemical screening and estimation of total tannin, phenolic and flavonoid content following the standard procedure available in the literature.

Results: Morphologically, the leaf was found to be ovate in shape, 5 to 8 cm long and up to 3 cm width with dentate margin, asymmetrical base, hairy surface, reticulate veins on each side of midrib, green in colour, characteristic odour and slight bitter in taste. Microscopic study has shown the important diagnostic characters of Solanaceae family which is characterized by presence of dorsiventral leaf with anomocytic stomata, grandular or uniseriate trichomes and cluster crystal of calcium oxalate. Physicochemical parameters like foreign organic matter (0.78%), loss on drying (8.23%), total ash (11.4%), acid insoluble ash (2.2%), water-soluble ash (6.1%), sulphated ash (2.4%) alcohol soluble extractive (10.4%), water-soluble extractive (9.5%), ether soluble extractive (1.8%) foaming index (below 100), swelling index (1), volatile oil and heavy metal content were quantified. Phytochemical analysis of different extracts of Physalis minima leaf has shown the presence of phytoconstituents viz. alkaloids, steroids, tannin, flavonoids, protein. Quantification of phytoconstituents was also reported like phenols (10.59±0.65 mg/gm equivalent to tannic acid), tannin (8.24±0.27 mg/gm equivalent to tannic acid) and flavonoids (87.17±0.87 mg/gm equivalent to rutin) respectively.

Conclusion: This present study was provided the qualitative and quantitative standard of Physalis minima will help to prevent the possible steps of adulteration with other species of the same genus.
DRUG UTILIZATION EVALUATION OF BENZODIAZEPINES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: RAMA P. , MONISHA R. , PAUL SUSAN VARGHESE , SCARIA VARSHA ELSA , JANANI P. , PERUMAL SANTHOSH
Published: November 2019

Objective: To assess the rationale use of benzodiazepines among various departments in a multi-speciality hospital.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted with a sample size of 200 for a period of six months. Data was collected from patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale and Drug Interaction Probability Scale (DIPS) were used as a study tool to measure the causality of adverse drug reactions and drug interactions. Based on the dosage of various benzodiazepines DDD was calculated and compared with WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification Defined Daily Dose (DDD).

Results: BZD’s were mostly prescribed in males (74.5%) and married patients (86.5%) were more exposed to benzodiazepines compared to others. Lorazepam (70.1%) was found to be the most commonly used drug, mainly prescribed for sedation, followed by anxiety. DDD was calculated and majority of patients had DDD in accordance with WHO standard. Based on cost analysis, Clobazam was found to be the high cost and Lorazepam being the low-cost drug. The results of drug utilization evaluation of benzodiazepines study were compiled and reported to the respected department physician and their feedback was collected.

Conclusion: The study showed a rational utilization of benzodiazepines and the negative outcomes of BZDs can be reduced by providing drug-related information to the prescribers and consumers.
THE REASONS ACUTE STROKE PATIENTS NOT RECEIVING THROMBOLYSIS IN AN INDONESIAN REFERRAL HOSPITAL
Authors: RASYID AL , HARRIS SALIM , KURNIAWAN MOHAMMAD , MESIANO TAUFIK , HIDAYAT RAKHMAD , Rilianto Beny , SHOLEHA RATU AZIZAH
Published: November 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify reasons acute stroke patients did not receive thrombolysis despite meeting Code Stroke activation criteria in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital during November 2015 until February 2019.

Methods: This study retrospectively collected data of adult (aged>18 y old) acute stroke patients admitted to Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital from November 2015 to February 2019 who met criteria for Code Stroke activation but did not undergo thrombolysis. Patient’ data were collected from Code Stroke Registry of Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital.

Results: There were 518 acute stroke patients who had Code Stroke activated in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital from November 2015 to February 2019. 76.3% of acute stroke patients did not receive thrombolytic therapy (n=395). Hemorrhage on computed tomography (CT) scan was the most common reason patients did not receive thrombolysis. The following most common reasons were low or improved National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, family refusal, and exceedance of time window.

Conclusion: Hemorrhage on CT scan was the most common reason patients did not receive thrombolysis following by low or improved NIHSS score, family refusal, and exceedance of time window.
Технологии и оборудование компании «Крисмас+»: готовые решения для химического анализа
Authors: Муравьев А.Г. , Кузьмин М.А.
Published: November 2019

Представлен обзор уникальных технологий и оборудования, которые разрабатывает, производит и реализует на российском рынке и в странах бывшего СССР отечественная компания ЗАО «Крисмас+». Продукция компании представляет собой готовые решения для аналитиков, работающих во многих секторах производственной, научной и учебной деятельности. Запатентованные технические решения, зарегистрированные свыше 20 лет назад торговые марки, внесенные в федеральные реестры методики и средства измерений – все это характеризует высокий научно-технический уровень выпускаемой продукции и способ ведения наукоемкого бизнеса. Прочный экономический базис вселяет уверенность в завтрашнем дне современной компании, производство которой полностью локализовано в России.
Учебный центр «Школа профессионалов аналитики» раскрывает секреты
Authors: Пахомов А.Л. , Чудин Е.А.
Published: November 2019

Рассказывают председатель совета директоров
компании «Хромос Инжиниринг» Андрей Львович Пахомов
и технический директор центра Егор Александрович Чудин
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIK DAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR SISWA SMA MELALUI PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL
Authors: Yuanita Ade , Sugandi Asep Ikin
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kemampuan koneksi matematik dan kemandirian belajar siswa yang pembelajarannya menggunakan pendekatan kontekstual lebih baik daripada pembelajaran biasa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen, pada awal dan akhir pembelajaran kedua kelas diberi tes. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMA di Kota Cimahi, sedangkan sampel sekolahnya yaitu SMA Pasundan 1 Cimahi yang terdiri dari dua kelas yang dipilih secara tidak acak, yaitu kelas X-1 sebagai kelas Eksperimen dan kelas X-2 sebagai kelas Kontrol. Instumen seperangkat tes berbentuk uraian sebanyak 6 soal yang telah di uji cobakan dan dihitung validitas, reliabilitas, daya pembeda, dan indeks kesukarannya. Kemudian soal tersebut disajikan dalam bentuk pretest dan posttest. Adapun pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini berupa tes uraian sebanyak lima soal, Data penelitian diperoleh melalui tes kemampuan koneksi matematik dan angket untuk mengetahui kemandirian belajar menggunakan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kemampuan koneksi matematik siswa yang pembelajarannya menggunakan pendekatan kontekstual lebih baik daripada yang menggunakan pembelajaran biasa. kemudian kemandirian belajar siswa yang pembelajarannya menggunakan pendekatan kontekstual lebih baik daripada yang menggunakan pembelajaran biasa. Dengan ketercapaian tersebut berada pada kategori tinggi dan sedang.
KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA SMK
Authors: Wijaya Tommy Tanu , Afrilianto M
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah dan menganalisis mengenai: (1) Kemampuan siswa dalam membuat konjektur, menyusun argumen, merumuskan definisi dan generalisasi, (2) Kemampuan siswa dalam menyatakan peristiwa sehari-hari dalam bahasa atau simbol matematika, (3) Kemampuan siswa dalam menghubungkan benda nyata, gambar, dan diagram ke dalam ide matematika, (4) Kemampuan siswa dalamn menjelaskan ide, situasi, dan relasi matematik secara lisan dan tulisan dengan benda nyata, gambar, grafik, dan aljabar. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI SMK TI PEMBANGUNAN CIMAHI. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh yaitu kemampuan siswa dalam membuat konjektur, menyusun argument, merumuskan definisi dan generalisasi tergolong kurang dengan persentase 37,5%. Kemampuan siswa dalam menyatakan peristiwa sehari-hari dalam bahasa atau simbol matematika tergolong tinggi dengan presentase 86,7%. Kemampuan siswa dalam menghubungkan benda nyata, gambar, dan diagram ke dalam ide matematika tergolong kurang dengan persentase 48,3%. Kemampuan siswa dalam menjelaskan ide, situasi, dan relasi matematik secara lisan dan tulisan dengan benda nyata, gambar, grafik, dan aljabar tergolong kurang dengan persentase 25%.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR REFLEKTIF SISWA SMP DITINJAU DARI DISPOSISI MATEMATIS SISWA
Authors: Hajar Yuni , Yanwar Ridwan , Fitrianna Aflich Yusnita
Published: November 2019

Reflective thinking ability and mathematical disposition in mathematics learning is very important to be improved. Reflective thinking ability can help students to get more optimal learning outcomes and mathematical disposition is required by students to solve a mathematical problem. The purpose of this study is to analyze the difficulties faced by junior high school students in working on the problem of reflective thinking ability that review based on students' mathematical disposition ability. The research method used is descriptive analysis method to analyze the available data and processed so as to obtain a clear description of the facts and the relationship between the phenomena studied. The sample in this research is the students of class IX B in SMPN 5 Cimahi. The results of this study is that almost allindicators ofreflective thinking abilityare still not achieved review bases on student’smathematical disposition. this is due to the following factors : (a) mathematic material that is still poorly understood so that students have difficulty when solving difficult mathematical problems ; (b) student made a mistake in concept when do reflective thingking ability test; (c) the student has never experienced a test with reflective thinking ability before.
PENGARUH KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIS SISWA SMP PADA MATERI PERBANDINGAN
Authors: Zannati Ghina Nurul , Fitrianna Aflich Yusnita , Rohaeti Euis Eti
Published: November 2019

This study aims to investigate how significant the ability of mathematical reasoning is influenced by the independence of learning on comparative materials. The method used in this study is correlational method with quantitative approach. The population in this study were students of SMP / MTs in Kota Cimahi and the samples were 30 students of MTs Al-Musyahadah Cimahi. The instrument in this research is a test of 6 questions about comparison of mathematical reasoning ability and 32 scale statements of scale self-learning. The data analysis technique, which was applied, is the prerequisite analysis test in the form of normality test and correlation test. The results of this study concluded that students' mathematical reasoning ability on comparison material is positively influenced by learning independence 57.33% and the remaining 42.67% is determined by other factors.  AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruhi kemandirian belajar terhadap kemampuan penalaran matematis pada materi perbandingan. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode korelasi dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMP/MTs di Kota Cimahi dan sampelnya sebanyak 30 orang di MTs Al-Musyahadah Cimahi. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini berupa tes kemampuan penalaran matematis sebanyak 6 butir soal materi perbandingan yang sudah divalidasi serta diuji cobakan dan skala kemandirian belajar sebanyak 32 skala pernyataan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu berupa uji normalitas dan uji kolerasi. Hasil penelitian ini memperoleh kesimpulan bahwa, kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa pada materi perbandingan dipengaruhi positif oleh kemandirian belajarnya 57,33% dan sisanya 42,67% ditentukan oleh faktor lain.  Kata Kunci: Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis, Kemandirian Belajar