bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
„Critical illness“: erhöhtes Frakturrisiko und potenzielle Gegenmaßnahmen
Authors: Kerschan-Schindl Katharina
Published: February 2023

Bei kritisch kranken PatientInnen, die einer intensivmedizinischen Betreuung bedürfen, hat neben Inflammation, Medikation (zum Beispiel Glukokortikoide), Malnutrition und Vitamin-D-Mangel auch die Immobilisation besonders starke negative Auswirkungen auf Knochen- und Muskelstoffwechsel. Die Entkoppelung von Knochenresorption und -formation führt zu einem verstärkten Abbau von Knochenmasse und daher zu einer geringeren Belastbarkeit. Dies bedeutet bei erhöhtem Sturzrisiko ein gesteigertes Frakturrisiko, speziell bei der Remobilisation.

Aus diesem Grund sollte trotz des akuten Geschehens nach der kardiorespiratorischen und neurologischen Stabilisierung der PatientInnen an die Frakturprävention gedacht werden. Eine Basismaßnahme ist die adäquate parenterale bzw. enterale Ernährung, wobei speziell auf ausreichende Zufuhr von Proteinen und Vitamin D zu achten ist. Wichtige Beiträge in der Protektion von Knochen und Muskel leisten ein gezieltes Training und eine frühzeitige Mobilisation. Auch wenn keine Osteoporosemedikamente für die Therapie bzw. Prävention der immobilisationsbedingten Osteoporose zugelassen sind, kann die Initiierung einer antiresorptiven Therapie mit Bisphosphonaten oder Denosumab im Sinne einer Einzelfallentscheidung während des Intensivaufenthaltes in Erwägung gezogen werden. Nach dem Aufenthalt auf der Intensivstation sollte das individuelle Frakturrisiko bestimmt und ggf. eine osteoporosespezifische Therapie eingeleitet werden. Die Fortsetzung der rehabilitativen Maßnahmen (progressives Training, Sturzprophylaxe) und die den jeweiligen Bedürfnissen entsprechende Supplementation von Vitamin D und Kalzium sind weitere wesentliche Bausteine in der Frakturprävention der Betroffenen nach ihrem Intensivaufenthalt.
The Influence of a Fast Start Versus a Conservative Start Pacing Strategy on Sprint Roller Skiing Performance in Highly Trained Female Junior Skiers
Authors: Losnegard Thomas , Granrud Even Dahlen , Tosterud Ola Kristoffer , Kjeldsen Kasper , Olstad Øyvind , Kocbach Jan
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Pacing profiles differ substantially in endurance sports with short competition duration (2–4 min). Herein, we investigated the effect of a fast start (FS) versus a conservative start (CS) pacing strategy on sprint time-trial performance in competitive junior cross-country skiers.

Methods

Sixteen females (~ 17 years old) performed two individual self-paced 1.4 km time-trials (TT) in free technique on roller skis separated by 40 min of recovery. Skiers were instructed to perform a FS and CS pacing strategy the first ~ 400-m (~ 1 min) in a randomized order. Split and finish time was determined using radio-based photocells, while speed characteristics were collected with GNSS/IMU sensors. 1–10 Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was collected retrospectively for 3 points during the TT. Based on mean FS and CS performance, skiers were divided into a Low- (n = 8) and High performers (n = 8).

Results

Overall, the FS strategy induced a faster ~ 400-m time (56.0 ± 3.8 s) than CS (58.7 ± 3.4 s) (P < 0.05), but no differences in finish times were found between strategies for the group as a whole (FS: 213.3 ± 12.0 s; CS, 212.9 ± 10.3 s, P = 0.68). However, High performers skied faster with FS than CS (203.4 ± 7.4 s vs. 205.1 ± 7.1 s; 0.8% ± 0.7%, P < 0.05), whereas the Low performers skied faster with CS than FS (220.7 ± 6.1 s vs. 223.1 ± 5.0 s; 1.1% ± 1.0%, P < 0.05). Independent of performance level, summated RPE during the TT was higher with FS versus CS (23 ± 2 vs. 22 ± 2, P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Optimal pacing strategy for TT sprint skiing appears dependent of performance level. A “fast start” strategy was accompanied by higher discomfort during the time-trial.
International Student Mobility in Psychology: an Analysis of Brazilian Students in Portuguese Higher Education
Authors: Aguiar Joyce , de Santis Ligia , Sin Cristina
Published: February 2023

Student mobility has been one of the most impactful manifestations of higher education (HE) internationalization. Recently, many studies have looked at this phenomenon, although few have focused on mobility from countries which are not major student exporters and to countries that are not main recruiters. This paper aims to uncover how the increasing internationalization of HE is reflected in the mobility of Brazilian Psychology postgraduate students to Portugal, two countries which share a metropolis-colony past. Two objectives are pursued: first, to carry out a characterization of Psychology postgraduate students from Brazil who study in Portugal; second, to analyze the assignment of scholarships by the Brazilian government. Descriptive analysis and a social network analysis technique were performed to official statistical data available in both countries. Social Sciences, Business and Law is the most sought-after area by Brazilian students in mobility, and within this area, Psychology students are third in absolute numbers. The majority of Psychology students were in degree mobility, being almost ten times more than those in credit mobility, and a constant preference for public institutions was observed. The Portuguese institutions most sought-after are the University of Porto, the University of Coimbra and the University of Lisbon. Institutions located in Brazil’s South and southeast regions stand out with the number of mobility grants. This work contributes to shed light on realities of international mobility beyond the major recruiting and/or sending countries. Its novelty also resides in the contribution to knowledge about mobility between spaces where a colonial logic leads students’ flows.
Product Lifecycle Information Flow in E-waste Handling: a Means to Increase Circularity?
Authors: Andersen Terje , Halse Lise Lillebrygfjeld
Published: February 2023

Electronic waste (e-waste) is a growing waste stream. In Europe, e-waste is regulated by the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive. Each manufacturer or importer is responsible for the end-of-life (EoL) treatment of the equipment it handles, although this task is usually outsourced to producer responsibility organizations (PROs) that collect and treat the e-waste. The WEEE regime has been criticized for focusing on waste handling according to the traditional linear economy, while, in a circular economy, the goal is to eliminate waste. Information sharing helps improve circularity, and digital technology is seen as enabling information transparency and visibility in the supply chain. However, there is need for empirical studies demonstrating the use of information in supply chains to improve circularity. We conducted a case study of a manufacturer, including its subsidiaries and PROs in eight European countries, in which we investigated the product lifecycle information flow related to e-waste. Our findings indicate that product lifecycle information is available, but that it is provided for purposes other than e-waste handling. Actors are willing to share this information, but it is not regarded as useful for EoL treatment since the actors involved in EoL handling believe that using this information could lead to delays and poorer performance in e-waste handling. Our findings contradict the optimistic view of digital technology as improving circularity in circular supply chain management. The findings further give reason to question the implementation of digital technology to improve the product lifecycle information flow as long as the involved actors do not request this information.
The ambulatory care of patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19
Authors: Strumann Christoph , von Meißner Wolfgang C. G. , Blickle Paul-Georg , Steinhäuser Jost
Published: February 2023

Background

There is an increasing number of patients that do not make a rapid or full recovery from a SARS-CoV-2 infection, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and suffer from the so-called “long-COVID” or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). The long-term implications for health services are expected to be substantial. The objective of this analysis was to estimate the utilization of outpatient services from primary and secondary care. Further, we evaluated the multidisciplinary ambulatory care management of PASC patients in Germany.

Methods

All members of the Physician network “MEDI Baden-Württemberg e.V.”, i.e., 1,263 primary care physicians (PCPs) and 1,772 specialists working in secondary care were invited to participate in a questionnaire surveying routine data regarding the general care situation at the physician practice level of patients suffering from PASC. Bivariate analyses were applied to consider potential differences between primary and secondary care.

Results

In total, 194 physicians participated in this survey (response rates of 9.6% (primary care) and 4.1% (secondary care). On average, each physician treated 31.9 PASC patients. Most PASC patients (61.2%) had three or more long-COVID symptoms. On average, 10.6 PASC patients visited a physicians’ practice per quarter. The additional consulting effort for treating PASC patients was 34.1 min (median: 20 min) and higher in primary care. Most PCPs (71.1%) integrated secondary care in the treatment of their PASC patients. Less than half of the PASC patients (42.0%) sought secondary care with a referral from primary care. 5.7 patients visited the physicians’ practices per week, who were concerned about suffering from PASC without any following medical confirmation. This caused an average additional effort for the physicians of 17.5 min per visit. There were no differences between rural and urban areas.

Conclusion

Our results reveal that there is a substantial additional consulting effort for treating PASC patients that is especially high in primary care. The additional consulting effort results from the consultation of a particular high number of patients that are concerned about suffering from PACS without a following medical confirmation. To guarantee a high quality and adequate provision of care for a potentially further increasing number of concerned patients, the ambulatory health services should be strengthened and adequately compensated.
Migration, Food Security and Development
Authors: Choithani Chetan
Published: February 2023

This book examines the role of migration as a livelihood strategy in influencing food access among rural households. Migration forms a key component of livelihoods for an increasing number of rural households in many developing countries. Importantly, there is now a growing consensus among academics and policymakers on the potential positive effects of migration in promoting human development. Concurrently, the significance of food security as an important development objective has grown tremendously, and the Sustainable Development Goals agenda envisages eliminating all forms of malnutrition. However, the academic and policy discussions on these two issues have largely proceeded in silos, with little attention devoted to the relationship they bear with each other. Using the conceptual frameworks of 'entitlements' and 'sustainable livelihoods', this book seeks to fill this gap in the context of India - a country with the most food-insecure people in the world and where migration is integral to rural livelihoods.
Dynamics of cavity structures and wall-pressure fluctuations associated with shedding mechanism in unsteady sheet/cloud cavitating flows
Authors: Wang Changchang , Zhang Mindi
Published: February 2023

The physics and mechanism of sheet/cloud cavitation in a convergent–divergent channel are investigated using synchronized dynamic surface pressure measurement and high-speed imaging in a water tunnel to probe the cavity shedding mechanism. Experiments are conducted at a fixed Reynolds number ofRe = 7.8 × 105for different values of the cavitation numberσbetween 1.20 and 0.65, ranging from intermittent inception cavitation, sheet cavitation to quasi-periodic cloud cavitation. Two distinct cloud cavitation regimes, i.e. the re-entrant jet and shockwave shedding mechanism, are observed, accompanied by complex flow phenomenon and dynamics, and are examined in detail. An increase in pressure fluctuation intensity at the numbers 3 and 4 transducer locations are captured during the transition from re-entrant jet to shockwave shedding mechanism. The spectral content analysis shows that, in cloud cavitation, several frequency peaks are identified with the dominant frequency caused by the large-scale cavity shedding process and the secondary frequency related to re-entrant jet/shockwave dynamics. Statistical analysis based on defined grey level profiles reveals that, in cloud cavitation, the double-peak behaviours of the probability density functions with negative skewness values are found to be owing to the interactions of the re-entrant jet/shockwave with cavities in the region of 0.25 ~ 0.65 mean cavity length (Lc). In addition, multi-scale proper orthogonal decomposition analysis with an emphasis on the flow structures in the region of 0.25 ~ 0.65Lcreveals that, under the shockwave shedding mechanism, both the re-entrant jet and shockwave are captured and their interactions are responsible for the dynamics and statistics of cloud shedding process.
A Proof of the Extended Delta Conjecture
Authors: Blasiak Jonah , Haiman Mark , Morse Jennifer , Pun Anna , Seelinger George H.
Published: February 2023

We prove the extended delta conjecture of Haglund, Remmel and Wilson, a combinatorial formula for

$\Delta _{h_l}\Delta ' _{e_k} e_{n}$

, where

$\Delta ' _{e_k}$

and

$\Delta _{h_l}$

are Macdonald eigenoperators and

$e_n$

is an elementary symmetric function. We actually prove a stronger identity of infinite series of

$\operatorname {\mathrm {GL}}_m$

characters expressed in terms of LLT series. This is achieved through new results in the theory of the Schiffmann algebra and its action on the algebra of symmetric functions.
A Shuffle Theorem for Paths Under Any Line
Authors: Blasiak Jonah , Haiman Mark , Morse Jennifer , Pun Anna , Seelinger George H.
Published: February 2023

We generalize the shuffle theorem and its$(km,kn)$version, as conjectured by Haglund et al. and Bergeron et al. and proven by Carlsson and Mellit, and Mellit, respectively. In our version the$(km,kn)$Dyck paths on the combinatorial side are replaced by lattice paths lying under a line segment whosexandyintercepts need not be integers, and the algebraic side is given either by a Schiffmann algebra operator formula or an equivalent explicit raising operator formula. We derive our combinatorial identity as the polynomial truncation of an identity of infinite series of$\operatorname {\mathrm {GL}}_{l}$characters, expressed in terms of infinite series versions of LLT polynomials. The series identity in question follows from a Cauchy identity for nonsymmetric Hall–Littlewood polynomials.
Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in reducing body mass index and lipid profile in healthy young adults in Colombia: a pilot randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Serrano Norma C. , Rojas Lyda Z. , Gamboa-Delgado Edna M. , Suárez Diana Paola , Salazar Acosta Isail , Romero Sandra L. , Forero Mario , Quintero-Lesmes Doris C.
Published: February 2023

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral administration of vitamin D supplementation in reducing BMI and lipid profile in adolescents and young adults from a cohort in Bucaramanga, Colombia. One hundred and one young adults were randomly assigned to one of two doses of vitamin D [1000 international units (IU) or 200 IU] administered daily for 15 weeks. The primary outcomes were serum 25(OH)D levels, BMI and lipid profile. The secondary outcomes were waist-hip ratio, skinfolds and fasting blood glucose. We found a mean ± sd plasma concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was 25⋅0 ± 7⋅0 ng/ml at baseline, and after 15 weeks, it increased to 31⋅0 ± 10⋅0 ng/ml in the participants who received a daily dose of 1000 IU, (P < 0⋅0001). For the participants in the control group (200 IU), it went from 26⋅0 ± 8⋅0 ng/ml to 29⋅0 ± 8⋅0 ng/ml (P = 0⋅002). There were no differences between groups in body mass index. There was a statistically significant decrease in LDL-cholesterol between the intervention group v. the control group (mean difference −11⋅50 mg/dl (95 % CI −21⋅86 to −1⋅15; P = 0⋅030). The conclusions of the present study were two different doses of vitamin D supplementation (200 IU v. 1000 IU) produced changes in serum 25(OH)D levels over 15 weeks of administration in healthy young adults. No significant changes were found in the body mass index when the effect of the treatments was compared. A significant reduction in LDL-cholesterol was found when comparing the two intervention groups.

Trial registration: NCT04377386
Prandtl-Batchelor flow on a circular
cylinder and on aerofoil sections
Authors: Giannakidis G.
Published: February 2023

Steady, inviscid, incompressible, two dimensional flows
containing vortex patches bounded by vortex sheets
are used to model finite separated regions on
certain closed bodies as an approach to modelling
separation bubbles. First of all the problem of a
vortex patch on a circle is considered. Calculations
were done for symmetric flows covering a wide range
of values of the separation position, the strength
of the vortex sheet and the circulation at infinity
and for non-symmetric flows at various angles of
incidence. Smooth separation was detected in some
cases. This model is used as an intermediate step
for the calculation of the flow around an ellipse
and a Joukowski aerofoil with the use of the
Joukowski transformation.
Aerofoil ground effect
revisited
Authors: Coulliette C. , Plotkin A.
Published: February 2023

Steady state aerofoil ground effect is studied both
numerically and analytically. Discrete vortex and
linear vortex panel methods are applied to a
parabolic arc and symmetric Joukowski aerofoil,
respectively. A single vortex model for the flow
over the parabolic arc aerofoil is developed. The
single vortex model and other analytical solutions,
valid either near or far from the ground, are
compared with the numerical results. The numerical
results are used to delineate the influences of
angle of attack, camber and thickness. For small
values of camber and angle of attack, normalised
lift is enhanced near the ground and reduced far
from it. For a fixed distance above the ground,
normalised lift decreases with increasing angle of
attack and camber. Thickness reduces lift at all
heights above the ground.
Aeronautical technology — recent advances
and future prospects
Authors: Pope G. G.
Published: February 2023

Recent advances in aeronautical technology are
reviewed, with particular reference to work in the
United Kingdom, and the process is outlined whereby
these have progressed from fundamental research
through to exploitation in marketable products.
Aerodynamic, materials, propulsion and avionic
aspects are discussed and successful applications
described in commercial and combat aircraft and
helicopters. Current and anticipated advances in
technology are considered in the context of possible
future applications, including brief consideration
of the possibility of a new generation of supersonic
transport aircraft. Lessons are drawn from past
experience on actions necessary now if these
advances are to be exploited successfully in
improving the performance, or reducing the
acquisition or operating cost, of the next
generation of aircraft, without introducing an
unacceptable level of risk.
Unsteady aerodynamic effects of trailing
edge controls on delta wings
Authors: Pilkington D. J. , Wood N. J.
Published: February 2023

Effective control of combat aircraft at high angles of
attack requires the flight control system to operate
to higher frequencies and gains. This increases the
possibility of excitation of the structural modes by
altering the aeroservoelastic stability of the
complete system. This paper details the results of
tests carried out on a rigid, 55° leading edge sweep
delta wing, half model fitted with a half span
elevon operated through a closed loop control
system. The effects of steady elevon deflections up
to 40° angle of attack are described. The unsteady
pressures resulting from elevon oscillations at
frequency parameters up to a value equivalent to the
first wing bending mode of a typical combat aircraft
have been measured. The effect of the elevon
oscillation on the elevon itself and on the bending
mode have been estimated by calculating the unsteady
hinge and root bending moments about the wing root.
The lower surface, unsteady elevon effects were
found to be independent of incidence and frequency
parameter. The amplitude of response of the weak
vortex on the upper surface of the wing reduced
rapidly with frequency parameter. Above an incidence
of 10°, the vortex breakdown was above the wing and
led to a further reduction in the vortex response.
The vortex response lagged the elevon motion.
Drag reduction in a rectangular duct using
riblets
Authors: A. R. Moore  , M. V. Lowson
Published: February 2023

An experimental investigation has been made into the
effects of riblets on the drag in a rectangular duct
of aspect ratio 10. It has been found that a maximum
drag reduction of approximately 10% occurs in fully
developed turbulent flow. This figure is larger than
the 6–8% drag reduction usually found for external
flow. The maximum drag reduction occurred when the
height of the riblets was between 7 and 13 wall
units. Analysis of the developing region of the flow
has shown a maximum drag reduction of approximately
8% at a wall unit value of 13, consistent with
results in external flows. The effects of riblets on
transition has also been investigated. It was found
that riblets delayed transition by 2–4% in critical
Re as measured by peak flatness, and caused some
extension in the length of the transition process,
so that the completion of transition was delayed by
between 4–8%, with the stronger effect at the lower
Reynolds numbers.
High lift and separation control, an
introductory review paper
Authors: Haines A. B.
Published: February 2023

The Royal Aeronautical Society Aerodynamics Group
organised a CEAS European Forum on High Lift and
Separation Control which was held at the University
of Bath on 29-31 March 1995. This paper gives an
idea of the scope of the Forum and of the main
conclusions that emerged and it is followed in this
special issue of The Aeronautical
Journalby four papers that were invited
for the Forum.
Use of maximum lift and angle of attack, a
review of experience within BAe Military
Aircraft
Authors: McMichael T. , McKay K.
Published: February 2023

Prior to the adoption of modern flybywire high
authority flight control systems, the usable lift or
angle of attack was usually dictated by the wing
stall and subsequent loss of control of the
aircraft.

With the advent of the high authority FCS, with high
levels of integrity, the designer of modern combat
aircraft faces the possibility of providing good
levels of aircraft control up to and well beyond the
AoA at which maximum lift or loss of control would
have occurred in the past. Further, the use of such
control systems has allowed maximum advantage to be
taken of control configured vehicle technology to
enhance the performance of the aircraft within the
conventional angle of attack range.

This paper provides a review of the experience which
has been gathered within BAe Military Aircraft,
Warton, in the use and benefits of these
technologies with regard to the high AoA capability
and impact on maximum usable lift. Examples are
drawn from the Tornado, Jaguar FBW and EAP aircraft
programmes, all of which have employed flybywire
control, to some degree or other, combined with
varying degrees of CCV technology, leading to their
adoption on the Eurofighter 2000 programme.

In doing this, some of the engineering compromises
which the modern aircraft designer faces in
achieving the customer required levels of aircraft
performance will be addressed, together with the
outcome which has satisfied these purposes in the
particular example considered. In particular, the
power of the modern FCS places an increased reliance
on the knowledge of the aerodynamics of the
aircraft, around which the FCS must be designed.
This raises particular challenges in the increased
AoA ranges which associate with the maximum lift of
these high performance configurations.

The paper concludes with an indication of the
developments in technology which are evolving and
which will lead to further advances and increased
capability combat aircraft in future years.
Pressure measurements on a half delta wing
oscillating in pitch
Authors: Vaughan J. P. , Wood N. J.
Published: February 2023

A rigid, 55° sweep, half delta wing has been oscillated
in pitch at subsonic speeds, and the unsteady
pressures on both the upper and lower surfaces
recorded for pre-stalled conditions. The
oscillations were of low amplitude and at
frequencies equivalent to a typical wing first
bending mode for full scale applications.

When compared to a quasi-steady approximation, the
unsteady pressures on the upper surface of the wing
lag the steady case along the line of the primary
attachment. The lag represents a constant convective
time from the leading-edge with increasing frequency
of oscillation. A further localised area of lagging
flow is observed beneath the vortex burst point, the
location of which is a function of mean angle of
attack.

The magnitude of the unsteady pressure variations was
seen to increase linearly with the amplitude of the
pitching oscillation while the phase lag was seen to
increase linearly with frequency parameter.
Studies on twin elliptic
jets
Authors: Elangovan S. , Solaiappan A. , Rathakrishnan E.
Published: February 2023

Non circular jets are emerging as a new class of
passive control mechanism of jet flow. Jets issuing
from non circular nozzles, rectangular, square,
triangular, elliptic etc, are found to entrain
several times more ambient fluid than equivalent
axisymmetric nozzles. Non circular jets are
generally referred to as non axisymmetric or
three-dimensional jets. The increased entrainment of
these asymmetric jets, particularly that of elliptic
jets, has attracted the attention of many
researchers. As asymmetric jets, multiple jets of
different geometric configurations have also been
proved to be effective in passive control of the jet
flowfield. Multiple asymmetric jets may be expected
to emerge as an effective method of passively
controlling the jets. Many researchers have studied
the flow field of single three dimensional jets and
multiple circular or plane jets. But studies on
multiple threedimensional jets are very limited.
Pani and Dash studied the flowfield of
three-dimensional single and multiple free jets.
Their observed mean velocity distribution results
were in agreement with the theoretical profiles.
A correlation indicating incipient dynamic
stall
Authors: Gracey M. W. , Niven A. J. , Coton F. N. , McD. Galbraith R. A. , Jiang D.
Published: February 2023

This paper proposes a correlation which attempts to
relate an aerofoil's low speed dynamic stall onset
incidence to particular parameters describing its
stall behaviour in steady conditions. These
parameters, which can be derived from experiment or
predictive algorithm, are the incidence of steady
stall and a term related to trailing-edge separation
characteristics. The correlation is based on a large
amount of data obtained from a number of aerofoils
broadly classified into two families: the NACA four
digit series of symmetrical sections and a family of
four profiles with the NACA 23012 as the generic
shape.

The correlation has been extended to low pitch rates
outside the “deep” dynamic stall range and, whilst
it pertains to stalling under ramp motions, a link
has been established with oscillatory motions. The
potential of the correlation is demonstrated by its
application to the design of a symmetric aerofoil
for use on wind turbines.
Development of a real-time simulation of a
Vstol aircraft
Authors: Gillespie A. J. , Handley S. J.
Published: February 2023

This paper describes the implementation of the DRA
GVAM87 model in Modula-2, using the Hood design
methodology, and the subsequent validation of the
real-time model running on a personal computer. The
work demonstrates that the execution speed of the
model is not compromised while overall validity of
the simulation is maintained. The model was
interfaced with an existing simulation of the Sea
Harrier head-up display (hud) in order to provide
visual cues of the aircraft's motion during piloted
flight.
An experimental technique for accurate
simulation of the flow field for
wing-in-surface-effect craft
Authors: Sowdon A. , Hori T.
Published: February 2023

This paper describes a simple method to accurately
simulate the flow field around a wing in surface
effect ship (Wises) model that involves the use of a
contraction and a slot to suck the boundary layer
from a flat plate. Theoretical aspects of the design
are discussed with relation to the required level of
suction and the slot width.

The effectiveness is ascertained from measurements of
the boundary layer height on the plate through
measurement of the mean velocity profile and a
reduction in height of 50% was generally observed
when suction was used.

Comparison of the forces on a low aspect-ratio wing,
obtained from the proposed and the image method,
verified the proposed method for wing heights above
2·5% of the mean chord. At lower heights, separation
of the boundary layer on the ground plate is thought
to have altered the pressure distribution on the
wing.
Technical Note
Authors: Heyns P.S. , Benadé W.N.v.d.S.
Published: February 2023

It is widely accepted that the effectiveness of cannon
in the air-to-air combat scenarío depends on the
rate of fire. Present firing rates for 20-30 mm
aircraft cannon range from 600 to 1500 rounds per
minute. New developments are aimed towards even
higher rates of fire. With these higher rates of
fire more energy is likely to be transferred to the
aircraft fuselage, resulting in possible structural
fatigue damage. To absorb the recoil forces several
types of recoil system have been developed and are
presently in use. Conventional recoil systems are
not, however, ideal for very high rates of fire and
hence alternatives must be investigated.

With this work the use of an anti-resonant device to
reduce the transmission of forces to the aircraft
fuselage for a high rate of fire is investigated.
Antiresonant isolators operate on the principle that
a condition of little or no motion may be enforced
at specific points of interest on a system at
particular frequencies, through suitable tuning of
the system. This is essentially achieved by
designing the isolator system in such a way that
inertial forces are used to react spring forces
under stationary conditions.
SMITH AT 300: THE DIGNITY OF TRADE
Authors: Paganelli Maria Pia
Published: February 2023

“It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest. We address ourselves, not to their humanity but to their self-love, and never talk to them of our necessities but of their advantages.”

WN I.ii.2
Versicherungsmedizin in der medizinischen Ausbildung
Authors: Kunz Regina
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung. Versicherungsmedizin in der studentischen Ausbildung für den Arztberuf hat einen festen Platz im Themenblock Public Health. Dabei werden vor allem das Sozialversicherungssystem der Schweiz und die für die Patientenversorgung zentralen Versicherungen gegen Krankheit, Unfall und Invalidität vorgestellt. Ziel ist, den Studierenden einen Überblick zu geben und Interesse zu wecken, sie für ihre Rolle im System zu sensibilisieren und zu motivieren. Analog zu den klinischen Fächern bilden die kompetenz- und ergebnisorientierten Lernziele der PROFILES ( Principal Relevant Objectives and a Framework for Integrative Learning and Education in Switzerland) auch versicherungsmedizinische Themen ab, mit denen die angehenden Ärzte zum Abschluss ihres Studiums vertraut sein sollen.
Die Weiter- und Fortbildungskurse von medizinischen Gutachtern in der Swiss Insurance Medicine (SIM)
Authors: Zwitter Iris Herzog , Klipstein Andreas
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung. Der medizinische Gutachter hat im versicherungsmedizinischen Kontext die Aufgabe, den Gesundheitszustand fachgerecht abzuklären und medizinisch zu beurteilen. Die medizinische Begutachtung ist im Kontext mit dem rechtlichen Normengefüge basierend auf Gesetzgebung und Rechtsprechung durchzuführen. Mit der fachgerechten gutachterlichen Abklärung des Gesundheitszustands und der medizinischen Beurteilung stellt der Gutachter als Sachverständiger seine Kenntnisse in den Dienst der Gerichtsbarkeit. Es zeigte sich um die Jahrtausendwende, dass Fachspezialisierung und ärztliche Erfahrung allein nicht ausreichten, um den steigenden Anforderungen eines medizinischen Sachverständigen im gesetzlichen Kontext zu genügen, weshalb die Swiss Insurance Medicine (SIM) im Auftrag der FMH eine strukturierte Weiter- und Fortbildung für medizinische Gutachter auf und im Laufe der Zeit ausbaute. In den letzten Jahren wurden weitere Fortbildungsmöglichkeiten für die für eine rasche und nachhaltige berufliche Eingliederung notwendigen Frühbeurteilungen und Zweitmeinungen sowie für die kontinuierliche Fortbildung geschaffen.
Discovering Exceptional Development of Commitment in Interdisciplinary Study Programs
Authors: Kiefer Christoph , Claus Anna M. , Jung Alexander J. , Wiese Bettina S. , Mayer Axel
Published: February 2023

Abstract. In psychology and the social sciences, it is often of interest how complex structural relations among variables are moderated by profiles or combinations of persons’ attributes. Some state-of-the-art methods, such as latent class analysis, are well-suited for this purpose. However, they can lead to methodological problems (e.g., convergence issues) or interpretative difficulties (e.g., due to nondistinctive profiles). For these cases, two other approaches combining structural equation modeling with machine learning have been proposed, namely structural equation model (SEM) trees and SubgroupSEM. These approaches allow for exploration of how parameters of a SEM differ depending on combinations of a person's attributes. This can be useful for generating hypotheses for future research. In this paper, we provide an empirical illustration of SubgroupSEM using an example from research on the development of commitment in interdisciplinary study programs in German higher education and identify combinations of vocational interests related to exceptional development.
The Meta-Plot
Authors: van Assen Marcel A. L. M. , van den Akker Olmo R. , Augusteijn Hilde E. M. , Bakker Marjan , Nuijten Michèle B. , Olsson-Collentine Anton , Stoevenbelt Andrea H. , Wicherts Jelte M. , van Aert Robbie C. M.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The meta-plot is a descriptive visual tool for meta-analysis that provides information on the primary studies in the meta-analysis and the results of the meta-analysis. More precisely, the meta-plot portrays (1) the precision and statistical power of the primary studies in the meta-analysis, (2) the estimate and confidence interval of a random-effects meta-analysis, (3) the results of a cumulative random-effects meta-analysis yielding a robustness check of the meta-analytic effect size with respect to primary studies’ precision, and (4) evidence of publication bias. After explaining the underlying logic and theory, the meta-plot is applied to two cherry-picked meta-analyses that appear to be biased and to 10 randomly selected meta-analyses from the psychological literature. We recommend accompanying any meta-analysis of common effect size measures with the meta-plot.
A Space Mission for Cross‐Scale Coupling in the Earth's Magnetosphere
Authors: Lui A. T. Y.
Published: February 2023

The Earth's magnetosphere occupies a huge volume in space. Past space missions have identified the basic structures and revealed several phenomena that release significant energy explosively. These activities are discovered through point‐wise measurements in space. Consequently, there is a severe lack of knowledge on the coupling between different activities. A space mission that can address this deficiency is proposed here, building on what previous space missions have revealed. A fleet of eight identical spacecraft in two sets of tetrahedral constellations will enable evaluation of how localized kinetic activities may lead to global changes and vice versa in the Earth's magnetosphere. This mission uses the full capability of a tetrahedral constellation to yield a quantitative determination of physical parameters that govern the mass, momentum, and energy flows between space disturbances at kinetic and global scales. It will also resolve the ambiguity in single‐point measurements to differentiate their temporal and spatial variations. Examples on how to use this mission to extract cross‐scale coupling of activities and tackle outstanding questions in magnetospheric research are discussed.
Athabasca River Avulsion Underway in the Peace‐Athabasca Delta, Canada
Authors: Wang Bo , Smith Laurence C. , Gleason Colin , Kyzivat Ethan D. , Fayne Jessica V. , Harlan Merritt E. , Langhorst Theodore , Feng Dongmei , Eidam Emily , Munoz Sebastian , Davis Julianne , Pavelsky Tamlin M. , Peters Daniel L.
Published: February 2023

Avulsions change river courses and transport water and sediment to new channels impacting infrastructure, floodplain evolution, and ecosystems. Abrupt avulsion events (occurring over days to weeks) are potentially catastrophic to society and thus receive more attention than slow avulsions, which develop over decades to centuries and can be challenging to identify. Here, we examine gradual channel changes of the Peace‐Athabasca River Delta (PAD), Canada using in situ measurements and 37 years of Landsat satellite imagery. A developing avulsion of the Athabasca River is apparent along the Embarras River–Mamawi Creek (EM) distributary. Its opening and gradual enlargement since 1982 are evident from multiple lines of observation: Between 1984 and 2021 the discharge ratio between the EM and the Athabasca River more than doubled, increasing from 9% to 21%. The EM has widened by +53% since 1984, whereas the Athabasca River channel width has remained stable. The downstream Mamawi Creek delta is growing at a discharge‐normalized rate roughly twice that of the Athabasca River delta in surface area. Longitudinal global navigation satellite systems field surveys of water surface elevation reveal the EM possesses a ∼2X slope advantage (8 × 10−5 vs. 4 × 10−5) over the Athabasca River, and unit stream power and bed shear stress suggest enhanced sediment transport and erosional capacity through the evolving flow path. Our findings: (a) indicate that a slow avulsion of the Athabasca River is underway with potentially long‐term implications for inundation patterns, ecosystems, and human use of the PAD; and (b) demonstrate an observational approach for identifying other slow avulsions at river bifurcations globally.
Small-Scale Convection Shuffles the Oceanic Lithosphere
Authors: Derouin Sarah
Published: February 2023

Seafloor spreading organized lithospheric minerals into a lattice, but small-scale convection jumbled up the innermost layer.
Life cycle net energy assessment of sustainable H2 production and hydrogenation of chemicals in a coupled photoelectrochemical device
Authors: Zhang Xinyi , Schwarze Michael , Schomäcker Reinhard , van de Krol Roel , Abdi Fatwa F.
Published: February 2023

Green hydrogen has been identified as a critical enabler in the global transition to sustainable energy and decarbonized society, but it is still not economically competitive compared to fossil-fuel-based hydrogen. To overcome this limitation, we propose to couple photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting with the hydrogenation of chemicals. Here, we evaluate the potential of co-producing hydrogen and methyl succinic acid (MSA) by coupling the hydrogenation of itaconic acid (IA) inside a PEC water splitting device. A negative net energy balance is predicted to be achieved when the device generates only hydrogen, but energy breakeven can already be achieved when a small ratio (~2%) of the generated hydrogen is used in situ for IA-to-MSA conversion. Moreover, the simulated coupled device produces MSA with much lower cumulative energy demand than conventional hydrogenation. Overall, the coupled hydrogenation concept offers an attractive approach to increase the viability of PEC water splitting while at the same time decarbonizing valuable chemical production.
One dimensional wormhole corrosion in metals
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhou Weiyue , Yin Sheng , Wang Sarah Y. , Yu Qin , Olszta Matthew J. , Zhang Ya-Qian , Zeltmann Steven E. , Li Mingda , Jin Miaomiao , Schreiber Daniel K. , Ciston Jim , Scott M. C. , Scully John R. , Ritchie Robert O. , Asta Mark , Li Ju , Short Michael P. , Minor Andrew M.
Published: February 2023

Corrosion is a ubiquitous failure mode of materials. Often, the progression of localized corrosion is accompanied by the evolution of porosity in materials previously reported to be either three-dimensional or two-dimensional. However, using new tools and analysis techniques, we have realized that a more localized form of corrosion, which we call 1D wormhole corrosion, has previously been miscategorized in some situations. Using electron tomography, we show multiple examples of this 1D and percolating morphology. To understand the origin of this mechanism in a Ni-Cr alloy corroded by molten salt, we combined energy-filtered four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy and ab initio density functional theory calculations to develop a vacancy mapping method with nanometer-resolution, identifying a remarkably high vacancy concentration in the diffusion-induced grain boundary migration zone, up to 100 times the equilibrium value at the melting point. Deciphering the origins of 1D corrosion is an important step towards designing structural materials with enhanced corrosion resistance.
ASGARD is A Single-cell Guided Pipeline to Aid Repurposing of Drugs
Authors: He Bing , Xiao Yao , Liang Haodong , Huang Qianhui , Du Yuheng , Li Yijun , Garmire David , Sun Duxin , Garmire Lana X.
Published: February 2023

Single-cell RNA sequencing technology has enabled in-depth analysis of intercellular heterogeneity in various diseases. However, its full potential for precision medicine has yet to be reached. Towards this, we propose A Single-cell Guided Pipeline to Aid Repurposing of Drugs (ASGARD) that defines a drug score to recommend drugs by considering all cell clusters to address the intercellular heterogeneity within each patient. ASGARD shows significantly better average accuracy on single-drug therapy compared to two bulk-cell-based drug repurposing methods. We also demonstrated that it performs considerably better than other cell cluster-level predicting methods. In addition, we validate ASGARD using the drug response prediction method TRANSACT with Triple-Negative-Breast-Cancer patient samples. We find that many top-ranked drugs are either approved by the Food and Drug Administration or in clinical trials treating corresponding diseases. In conclusion, ASGARD is a promising drug repurposing recommendation tool guided by single-cell RNA-seq for personalized medicine. ASGARD is free for educational use at https://github.com/lanagarmire/ASGARD.
Synergistic promotions between CO2 capture and in-situ conversion on Ni-CaO composite catalyst
Authors: Shao Bin , Wang Zhi-Qiang , Gong Xue-Qing , Liu Honglai , Qian Feng , Hu P. , Hu Jun
Published: February 2023

The integrated CO2 capture and conversion (iCCC) technology has been booming as a promising cost-effective approach for Carbon Neutrality. However, the lack of the long-sought molecular consensus about the synergistic effect between the adsorption and in-situ catalytic reaction hinders its development. Herein, we illustrate the synergistic promotions between CO2 capture and in-situ conversion through constructing the consecutive high-temperature Calcium-looping and dry reforming of methane processes. With systematic experimental measurements and density functional theory calculations, we reveal that the pathways of the reduction of carbonate and the dehydrogenation of CH4 can be interactively facilitated by the participation of the intermediates produced in each process on the supported Ni–CaO composite catalyst. Specifically, the adsorptive/catalytic interface, which is controlled by balancing the loading density and size of Ni nanoparticles on porous CaO, plays an essential role in the ultra-high CO2 and CH4 conversions of 96.5% and 96.0% at 650 °C, respectively.
Antigen footprint governs activation of the B cell receptor
Authors: Ferapontov Alexey , Omer Marjan , Baudrexel Isabelle , Nielsen Jesper Sejrup , Dupont Daniel Miotto , Juul-Madsen Kristian , Steen Philipp , Eklund Alexandra S. , Thiel Steffen , Vorup-Jensen Thomas , Jungmann Ralf , Kjems Jørgen , Degn Søren Egedal
Published: February 2023

Antigen binding by B cell receptors (BCR) on cognate B cells elicits a response that eventually leads to production of antibodies. However, it is unclear what the distribution of BCRs is on the naïve B cell and how antigen binding triggers the first step in BCR signaling. Using DNA-PAINT super-resolution microscopy, we find that most BCRs are present as monomers, dimers, or loosely associated clusters on resting B cells, with a nearest-neighbor inter-Fab distance of 20–30 nm. We leverage a Holliday junction nanoscaffold to engineer monodisperse model antigens with precision-controlled affinity and valency, and find that the antigen exerts agonistic effects on the BCR as a function of increasing affinity and avidity. Monovalent macromolecular antigens can activate the BCR at high concentrations, whereas micromolecular antigens cannot, demonstrating that antigen binding does not directly drive activation. Based on this, we propose a BCR activation model determined by the antigen footprint.
Organic‒inorganic semi-interpenetrating networks with orthogonal light- and magnetic-responsiveness for smart photonic gels
Authors: Wang Minghao , Nie Chen , Liu Junbang , Wu Si
Published: February 2023

Living matter has the ability to perceive multiple stimuli and respond accordingly. However, the integration of multiple stimuli-responsiveness in artificial materials usually causes mutual interference, which makes artificial materials work improperly. Herein, we design composite gels with organic‒inorganic semi-interpenetrating network structures, which are orthogonally responsive to light and magnetic fields. The composite gels are prepared by the co-assembly of a photoswitchable organogelator (Azo-Ch) and superparamagnetic inorganic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2). Azo-Ch assembles into an organogel network, which shows photoinduced reversible sol-gel transitions. In gel or sol state, Fe3O4@SiO2nanoparticles reversibly form photonic nanochains via magnetic control. Light and magnetic fields can orthogonally control the composite gel because Azo-Ch and Fe3O4@SiO2form a unique semi-interpenetrating network, which allows them to work independently. The orthogonal photo- and magnetic-responsiveness enables the fabrication of smart windows, anti-counterfeiting labels, and reconfigurable materials using the composite gel. Our work presents a method to design orthogonally stimuli-responsive materials.