bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumer effort in service encounters: the overlooked impact of surface acting
Authors: Cook Laurel Aynne , Fitzgerald M. Paula , Sadeghein Raika
Published: October 2021

Purpose

One shift in the retail landscape is the workload transfer from the retailer to the consumer. This study aims to explore consumer perceived effort and the consequences of this workload transfer.

Design/methodology/approach

Two scenario-based experiments were conducted. Partial least squares modeling was implemented on the experimental survey data to explore how different dimensions of effort (i.e. mental, physical and emotional) and surface acting contribute to perceptions of effort and value.

Findings

Surface acting increases consumer effort perceptions. Consumers’ value perceptions decline as perceived effort increases. Effort perceptions attenuate when consumers have a choice. The paper also brings attention to the shortcomings in the current conceptualization of surface acting and perceived effort, and reconceptualizes effort as a formative construct.

Practical implications

This paper cautions marketers about the potential negative implications of shadow work. Service marketers should provide a choice between face-to-face (F2F) and self-service technologies whenever possible. In addition, marketers should develop and implement strategies for reducing consumer surface acting.

Originality/value

This study includes an extended conceptualization and new operationalization of consumer surface acting, revised thinking about measuring consumer effort and a unique approach to accounting for effort perceptions of traditional F2F service vs SST.
Three-dimensional finite element analysis for temperature filed of composite materials during the cure
Authors: Guo Zhangxin , Yu Zhiqiang , Wei Shiyi , Qi Guoliang , Li Yongcun , Luan Yunbo
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The cure simulation of composite structures with arbitrary geometry can be investigated by the finite element program.

Design/methodology/approach

Finite element method is employed in this work.

Findings

The simulated results match the experimental results well, which demonstrates the finite element analysis models are reliable. Compared with the one- and two-dimensional finite element analysis, temperature and degree of cure can be calculated at any point within composite structures in the present simulation analysis. The cure simulation of composite structures with arbitrary geometry can be investigated by the finite element program.

Originality/value

A coupled thermokinetic simulation of the liquid composite molding process based on a three-dimensional finite element method is presented. The cure simulation of composite structures with arbitrary geometry can be investigated by the finite element program.
What publics do online matters: Internet use and political information behaviors
Authors: Kim Jarim , Kim Yesolran
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the relationships between different uses of Internet modes and political participation, focusing on political information behaviors, including political information seeking and forwarding.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used secondary data from the 2016 Korea Media Panel Survey conducted with 8,439 Korean adults.

Findings

The results indicated that political participation is generally associated with the use of online news forums, online communities, online services and online information production, but not with the use of social networking sites (SNSs). Additional analyses revealed that the use of different Internet modes has an indirect effect on voting intention through political information seeking. The analysis also showed that a number of sociodemographic characteristics influence political participation.

Originality/value

As one of the first studies to focus on active information behaviors in examining the influence of Internet use, this study enhances the understanding of how human behaviors are shaped by digital technology. By providing guidelines for the use of different modes of the Internet, the findings of this study also have practical implications for efforts to encourage political participation.
Design and development of 3D printing assisted microwave sintering of elbow implant with biomechanical properties similar tohuman elbow
Authors: Singh Dilpreet , Garg Bhavuk , Pandey Pulak Mohan , Kalyanasundaram Dinesh
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to establish a methodology for the design and development of patient-specific elbow implant with an elastic modulus close to that of the human bone. One of the most preferred implant material is titanium alloy which is about 8 to 9 times higher in strength than that of the human bone and is the closest than other metallic biomedical materials.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology begins with the design of the implant from patient-specific computed tomography information and incorporates the manufacturing of the implant via a novel rapid prototyping assisted microwave sintering process.

Findings

The elastic modulus and the flexural strength of the implant were observed to be comparable to that of human elbow bones. The fatigue test depicts that the implant survives the one million cycles under physiological loading conditions. Other mechanical properties such as impact energy absorption, hardness and life cycle tests were also evaluated. The implant surface promotes human cell growth and adhesion and does not cause any adverse or undesired effects i.e. no cytotoxicity.

Practical implications

Stress shielding, and therefore, aseptic loosening of the implant shall be avoided. In the event of any trauma post-implantation, the implant would not hurt the patient.

Originality/value

The present study describes a methodology for the first time to be able to obtain the strength required for the medical implant without sacrificing the fatigue life requirement.
Intra‐operative and early post‐operative prediction of cardiac surgery‐associated acute kidney injury: Urinary oxygen tension compared with plasma and urinary biomarkers
Authors: Noe Khin M. , Ngo Jennifer P. , Martin Andrew , Zhu Michael Z. L. , Cochrane Andrew D. , Smith Julian A. , Thrift Amanda G. , Singh Harshil , Evans Roger G.
Published: October 2021

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious post‐operative complication of cardiac surgery. The value of a predictive biomarker is determined not only by its predictive efficacy, but also by how early this prediction can be made. For a biomarker of cardiac surgery‐associated AKI, this is ideally during the intra‐operative period. Therefore, in 82 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), we prospectively compared the predictive efficacy of various blood and urinary biomarkers with that of continuous measurement of urinary oxygen tension (UPO2) at pre‐determined intra‐ and post‐operative time‐points. None of the blood or urine biomarkers we studied showed predictive efficacy for post‐operative AKI when measured intra‐operatively. When treated as a binary variable (≤ or > median for the whole cohort), the earliest excess risk of AKI was predicted by an increase in urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) at 3 h after entry into the intensive care unit (odds ratio [95% confidence limits], 2.86 [1.14–7.21], p = 0.03). Corresponding time‐points were 6 h for serum creatinine (3.59 [1.40–9.20], p = 0.008), and 24 h for plasma NGAL (4.54 [1.73–11.90], p = 0.002) and serum cystatin C (6.38 [2.35–17.27], p = 0.001). In contrast, indices of intra‐operative urinary hypoxia predicted AKI after weaning from CPB, and in the case of a fall in UPO2 to ≤10 mmHg, during the rewarming phase of CPB (3.00 [1.19–7.56], p = 0.02). We conclude that continuous measurement of UPO2 predicts AKI earlier than plasma or urinary NGAL, serum cystatin C, or early post‐operative changes in serum creatinine.
Does biological rhythm transmit from plants to rhizosphere microbes?
Authors: Lu Tao , Zhang Zhenyan , Li Yan , Zhang Qi , Cui Hengzheng , Sun Liwei , Peijnenburg W. J. G. M. , Peñuelas Josep , Zhu Lizhong , Zhu Yong‐Guan , Chen Jianmeng , Qian Haifeng
Published: October 2021

Plant physiological and metabolic processes are modulated by rhythmic gene expression in a large part. Meanwhile, plants are also regulated by rhizosphere microorganisms, which are fed by root exudates and provide beneficial functions to their plant host. Whether the biorhythms in plants would transfer to the rhizosphere microbial community is still uncertain and their intricate connection remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of the Arabidopsis circadian clock in shaping the rhizosphere microbial community using wild‐type plants and clock mutants (cca1‐1 and toc1‐101) with transcriptomic, metabolomic and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis throughout a 24‐h period. Deficiencies of the central circadian clock led to abnormal diurnal rhythms for thousands of expressed genes and dozens of root exudates. The bacterial community failed to follow obvious patterns in the 24‐h period, and there was lack of coordination with plant growth in the clock mutants. Our results suggest that the robust rhythmicity of genes and root exudation due to circadian clock in plants is an important driving force for the positive succession of rhizosphere communities, which will feedback on plant development.
How (not) to feed young children: A class‐cultural analysis of food parenting practices
Authors: Karademir‐Hazır Irmak
Published: October 2021

This study unpacks how class processes shape understandings and practices of “good feeding” in families with young children. It brings a Bourdieusian class consumption focus together with food parenting studies and approaches feeding as encompassing a wide range of processes including cooking, shopping, and planning. To capture the lived experience of feeding work, the study draws on a longitudinal and ethnographic study conducted in the south‐east of England over the course of two years. The analysis suggests that, regardless of their resources, parents tend to internalize the dominant discourse on “healthy” and “varied” feeding. However, closer inspection of day‐to‐day practices reveals a nuanced class‐cultural patterning in how these terms are defined and achieved. Moreover, it reveals how different interpretations of key notions such as homemade, nutritious, and balanced generate practices that contribute to the cultivation of distinctively classed culinary agencies in children. This study also questions what potential role these understandings can play in reproducing taste hierarchies and maintaining symbolic boundaries from very early ages.
Risk‐Reducing Salpingo‐Oophorectomy and the Use of Hormone Replacement Therapy Below the Age of Natural Menopause
Authors: Manchanda R , Gaba F , Talaulikar V , Pundir J , Gessler S , Davies M , Menon U ,   the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
Published: October 2021

Plain language summary

This paper deals with the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after the removal of fallopian tubes and ovaries to prevent ovarian cancer in premenopausal high risk women. Some women have an alteration in their genetic code, which makes them more likely to develop ovarian cancer. Two well‐known genes which can carry an alteration are the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Examples of other genes associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer include RAD51C, RAD51D, BRIP1, PALB2 and Lynch syndrome genes. Women with a strong family history of ovarian cancer and/or breast cancer, may also be at increased risk of developing ovarian cancer. Women at increased risk can choose to have an operation to remove the fallopian tubes and ovaries, which is the most effective way to prevent ovarian cancer. This is done after a woman has completed her family. However, removal of ovaries causes early menopause and leads to hot flushes, sweats, mood changes and bone thinning. It can also cause memory problems and increases the risk of heart disease. It may reduce libido or impair sexual function. Guidance on how to care for women following preventative surgery who are experiencing early menopause is needed.

HRT is usually advisable for women up to 51 years of age (average age of menopause for women in the UK) who are undergoing early menopause and have not had breast cancer, to minimise the health risks linked to early menopause. For women with a womb, HRT should include estrogen coupled with progestogen to protect against thickening of the lining of the womb (called endometrial hyperplasia). For women without a womb, only estrogen is given. Research suggests that, unlike in older women, HRT for women in early menopause does not increase breast cancer risk, including in those who are BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers and have preventative surgery.

For women with a history of receptor‐negative breast cancer, the gynaecologist will liaise with an oncology doctor on a case‐by‐case basis to help to decide if HRT is safe to use. Women with a history of estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer are not normally offered HRT. A range of other therapies can be used if a woman is unable to take HRT. These include behavioural therapy and non‐hormonal medicines. However, these are less effective than HRT. Regular exercise, healthy lifestyle and avoiding symptom triggers are also advised. Whether to undergo surgery to reduce risk or not and its timing can be a complex decision‐making process. Women need to be carefully counselled on the pros and cons of both preventative surgery and HRT use so they can make informed decisions and choices.
'She just got me’: supporting care experienced young people negotiating relationships and identities at school
Authors: Macleod Gale , Dallas‐Childs Robin , Brough Colin , Toye Martin
Published: October 2021

In this article we examine the complex relationship between care experience, mental health and exclusion from school and how young people (YP) negotiate these different experiences and identities. The study is a secondary analysis, informed by symbolic interactionist theory, of interviews conducted with 19 care experienced YP in Scotland. Not all of the YP were excluded and not all had a formal mental health diagnosis, as such our study design allows interrogation of the contexts and relationships which not only facilitate but also disrupt pathways to exclusion. It also allows reconsideration of assumptions of vulnerability which are often applied to care experienced YP. Our findings suggest that these YP are moving beyond ‘role playing’ the identities ascribed to them and actively seek out relationships which enable them to construct alternative identities.
Turmeric, red pepper, and black pepper affect carotenoids solubilized micelles properties and bioaccessibility: Capsaicin/piperine improves and curcumin inhibits carotenoids uptake and transport in Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Shilpa Shivaprasad , Shwetha Hulikere Jagdish , Perumal Madan Kumar , Ambedkar Rudrappa , Hanumanthappa Manjunatha , Baskaran Vallikannan , Lakshminarayana Rangaswamy
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the role of spices/spice active principles on physical, biochemical, and molecular targets of bioaccessibility/bioavailability. Carotenoids‐rich micellar fraction obtained through simulated digestion of green leafy vegetables (GLV) with individual or two/three combinations were correlated to their influence on bioaccessibility, cellular uptake, and basolateral secretion of carotenoids in Caco‐2 cells. Results suggest that carotenoids' bioaccessibility depends on micelles physicochemical properties, which is affected due to the presence of co‐treated dietary spices and their composition. Increased bioaccessibility of β‐carotene (BC) and lutein (LUT) is found in GLV (spinach) digested with turmeric (TM) than red pepper (RP) and black pepper (BP). In contrast, enhanced cellular uptake and secretion of BC and LUT‐rich triglyceride‐rich lipoprotein is observed in the presence of RP and BP compared to the control group. In contrast, TM inhibited absorption, while retinol levels significantly reduced in the presence of TM and RP than BP. Control cells have indicated higher cleavage of β‐carotene to retinol than the spice‐treated group. Besides, spice active principles modulate facilitated transport of carotenoids by scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR‐B1) protein. The effect of spices on carotenoids’ bioavailability is validated with active spice principles. Overall, carotenoids’ bioavailability (cellular uptake and basolateral secretion) was found in the following order of treatments; piperine > capsaicin > piperine + capsaicin > curcumin + capsaicin + piperine > control > turmeric. These findings suggested that the interaction of specific dietary factors, including spice ingredients at the enterocyte level, could provide greater insight into carotenoid absorption.

Practical Application

Spices/spice active principles play a role in the digestion process by stimulating digestive enzymes and bile acids secretion. Since carotenoids are lipid soluble and have low bioavailability, spice ingredients' influence on intestinal absorption of carotenoids is considered crucial. Hence, understanding the interaction of co‐consumed spices on the absorption process of carotenoids may help to develop functional foods/formulation of nutraceuticals to improve their health benefits.
A novel, divergent alkane monooxygenase (alkB) clade involved in crude oil biodegradation
Authors: Karthikeyan Smruthi , Hatt Janet K. , Kim Minjae , Spain Jim C. , Huettel Markus , Kostka Joel E. , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T.
Published: October 2021

Alkanes are ubiquitous in marine ecosystems and originate from diverse sources ranging from natural oil seeps to anthropogenic inputs and biogenic production by cyanobacteria. Enzymes that degrade cyanobacterial alkanes (typically C15–C17 compounds) such as the alkane monooxygenase (AlkB) are widespread, but it remains unclear whether or not AlkB variants exist that specialize in degradation of crude oil from natural or accidental spills, a much more complex mixture of long‐chain hydrocarbons. In the present study, large‐scale analysis of available metagenomic and genomic data from the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) oil spill revealed a novel, divergent AlkB clade recovered from genomes with no cultured representatives that was dramatically increased in abundance in crude‐oil impacted ecosystems. In contrast, the AlkB clades associated with biotransformation of cyanobacterial alkanes belonged to ‘canonical’ or hydrocarbonoclastic clades, and based on metatranscriptomics data and compared to the novel clade, were much more weakly expressed during crude oil biodegradation in laboratory mesocosms. The absence of this divergent AlkB clade in metagenomes of uncontaminated samples from the global ocean survey but not from the GoM as well as its frequent horizontal gene transfer indicated a priming effect of the Gulf for crude oil biodegradation likely driven by natural oil seeps.
Diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for breast cancer detection: An update meta‐analysis
Authors: Dong Honghuan , Kang Linqing , Cheng Sijia , Zhang Rongju
Published: October 2021

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) for breast cancer identification.

Methods

A comprehensive electronic systematic searching of Medline, Ovid, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNK, and Cochrane Library databases was performed up to 2 August 2021. Clinical studies associated with DCE‐MRI for breast cancer detection were screened and inlcuded in the meta‐analysis. The data of true positive(tp), false positive(fp), false negative(fn) and true negative(tn) was extracted from includded studies. The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) were pooled under fixed or random effect models. Publication bias was evaluated by Deek's funnel plot.

Results

A final set of 15 studies with 1321 breast lesions were included in the present work. The pooled diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and DOR were 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81–0.92), 0.74 (95% CI 0.68–0.80), and 18.83 (95% CI 9.07–36.54), respectively, and the area under the SROC was 0.86 (95% CI 0.82–0.88). Given a pretest probability of 50%, the positive post‐test probability was 77%, and the negative post‐test probability was 14%. Deek's funnel plot indicated low publication bias (p = 0.61).

Conclusion

DCE‐MRI is a noninvasive method of breast cancer diagnosis for suspected malignant breast lesions with relative high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
Heterogeneous radiological response to chemotherapy is associated with poor prognosis in advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Ryu Woo Kyung , Kim Jung Soo , Park Mi Hwa , Lee Minkyung , Kim Hyun‐Jung , Ryu Jeong‐Seon , Lim Jun Hyeok
Published: October 2021

Background

A heterogeneous radiological response is frequently observed in cancer patients and could reflect tumor heterogeneity. We investigated the prognostic impact of heterogeneous radiological responses in patients with advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received platinum‐based chemotherapy.

Methods

The treatment response according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 criteria was evaluated in 212 patients with advanced NSCLC who received platinum‐based chemotherapy. Patients with partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) were classified into “PR homo,” “PR hetero,” “SD homo,” and “SD hetero” by the presence of a heterogeneous radiological response, and survival was compared between groups. We also compared survival based on the presence of metabolic responses in lesions with heterogeneous radiological responses.

Results

Fifty‐two patients (24.5%) were classified as PR, 112 patients (52.8%) as SD, and 48 patients (22.7%) as progressive disease (PD). There was no significant difference in progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between the PR homo and PR hetero groups. The SD homo group had a longer PFS and OS than the SD hetero group. In the SD hetero group, patients with increased maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in lesions with heterogeneous radiological responses had a shorter PFS than those with a stable SUVmax.

Conclusions

The presence of lesions with radiological heterogeneity was associated with disease progression and poor prognosis in the SD group. Patients with heterogeneous radiological responses require careful monitoring.
A Paleo‐Arabic inscription on a route north of Ṭāʾif
Authors: Al‐Jallad Ahmad , Sidky Hythem
Published: October 2021

This paper will produce a new edition of the Rīʿ al‐Zallālah inscription, discussing in detail its paleographic features and content, and the ramifications it has on our understanding of the linguistic and religious milieu of the sixth–early seventh century Ḥigāz.
Motivating unrewarded task performance: The dual effects of incentives and an organisational value statement in a discretionary task setting
Authors: Akinyele Kazeem O. , Arnold Vicky , Sutton Steve G.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine how the presence of a value statement (an informal control) alters the effect of differing financial incentives (a formal control) in an environment consisting of both rewarded and unrewarded tasks. Results show that under fixed pay, the presence of a value statement motivates performance on important but unrewarded discretionary tasks. Conversely, under piece‐rate compensation, value statements negatively influence performance on unrewarded discretionary tasks. In contemporary work environments, where such discretionary tasks are common and important to organisational effectiveness, these results suggest that informal controls can have an important role in performance outcomes.
Circadian gene × environment perturbations influence alcohol drinking in Cryptochrome‐deficient mice
Authors: Hühne Anisja , Echtler Lisa , Kling Charlotte , Stephan Marius , Schmidt Mathias V. , Rossner Moritz J. , Landgraf Dominic
Published: October 2021

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a widespread addiction disorder with severe consequences for health. AUD patients often suffer from sleep disturbances and irregular daily patterns. Conversely, disruptions of circadian rhythms are considered a risk factor for AUD and alcohol relapses. In this study, we investigated the extent to which circadian genetic and environmental disruptions and their interaction alter alcohol drinking behaviour in mice. As a model of genetic circadian disruption, we used Cryptochrome1/2‐deficient (Cry1/2−/−) mice with strongly suppressed circadian rhythms and found that they exhibit significantly reduced preference for alcohol but increased incentive motivation to obtain it. Similarly, we found that low circadian SCN amplitude correlates with reduced alcohol preference in WT mice. Moreover, we show that the low alcohol preference of Cry1/2−/− mice concurs with high corticosterone and low levels of the orexin precursor prepro‐orexin and that WT and Cry1/2−/− mice respond differently to alcohol withdrawal. As a model of environmentally induced disruption of circadian rhythms, we exposed mice to a “shift work” light/dark regimen, which also leads to a reduction in their alcohol preference. Interestingly, this effect is even more pronounced when genetic and environmental circadian perturbations interact in Cry1/2−/− mice under “shift work” conditions. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that in mice, disturbances in circadian rhythms have pronounced effects on alcohol consumption as well as on physiological factors and other behaviours associated with AUD and that the interaction between circadian genetic and environmental disturbances further alters alcohol consumption behaviour.
Stress and autonomic nerve dysfunction monitoring in perioperative gastric cancer patients using a smart device
Authors: Cheng Wei , Liu Jiang , Zhi Mengwei , Shen Danli , Shao Mingyue , Zhang Cheng , Wang Gang , Jiang Zhiwei
Published: October 2021

Background

Heart rate variability (HRV), a sensitive marker of stress and autonomic nervous disorders, was significantly decreased in cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and surgical injury. However, the effect of radical gastrectomy on HRV parameters needs to be further investigated.

Methods

A prospective, observational study including 45 consecutive enrolled patients undergoing radical gastrectomy in our enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs was conducted. Frequency‐ and time‐domain parameters of HRV from 1 day prior to operation to 4 days postoperatively were continuously measured. Meanwhile, plasma cortisol and inflammatory markers were recorded and correlated to HRV parameters.

Results

Heart rate variability showed a solidly circadian rhythm. Anesthesia severely disturbed HRV parameters, resulting in a reduction of most of the HRV parameters. Frequency‐domain parameter (including VLF) and time‐domain parameters (including the SDNN, SDANN, and triangular index) of HRV demonstrated a significant reduction compared to preoperative values on the postoperative day 1 (Pod1), and these HRV parameters could return to baseline on Pod2 or Pod3, indicating surgical stress and autonomic nerve dysfunction existed in the early postoperative period. Inflammatory biomarkers were significantly elevated on Pod1 and Pod3. Plasma cortisol decreased significantly on Pod1 and Pod3. Both inflammatory biomarkers and plasma cortisol had no significant correlation with HRV parameters.

Conclusions

Compared with plasma cortisol and inflammation biomarkers, HRV is more sensitive to detect surgical stress and autonomic nervous dysfunction induced by radical gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer.
The effects of gratitude and kindness on life satisfaction, positive emotions, negative emotions, and COVID‐19 anxiety: An online pilot experimental study
Authors: Datu Jesus Alfonso D. , Valdez Jana Patricia M. , McInerney Dennis M. , Cayubit Ryan Francis
Published: October 2021

The continuous surge in the number of confirmed diagnoses and fatalities associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has caused debilitating economic, educational, social, and psychological issues. However, little is known about how psychological interventions may boost well‐being outcomes amid the pandemic. This research addresses this gap by examining the effects of gratitude and kindness interventions on life satisfaction, positive emotions, negative emotions, and COVID‐19 anxiety via an online pilot experimental study. A 3‐week online pilot experiment was implemented among 107 Filipino undergraduate students (M = 20.27;SD = 1.10). These participants were randomly assigned to kindness (n = 37), gratitude (n = 32), and control (n = 38) conditions. The results showed that there were significant differences on positive emotions when controlling for the baseline well‐being, gratitude, and kindness scores across all conditions (i.e., gratitude, kindness, and control). Participants assigned in the gratitude and kindness conditions had significantly higher scores on positive emotions than those in the control condition. The findings point to the emotional benefits associated with promoting gratitude and kindness during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This research contributes to scarce literature on the applicability of well‐being interventions in non‐Western cultural contexts.
Company‐sponsored egg freezing: an offer you can't refuse?
Authors: Petersen Thomas Søbirk , Hansen Rune
Published: October 2021

The aim of this article is to argue that one of the central arguments against company‐sponsored non‐medical egg freezing, namely that this practice is contrary to the reproductive autonomy of women, can be difficult to sustain under certain conditions. More specifically, we argue that company‐sponsored egg freezing is not necessarily in conflict with the most common requirements for autonomous choice. That is, there is no reason to assume that employees cannot be adequately informed beforehand about what is scientifically known about the practice, and/or that they lack the required capacity to understand and process this information. Although they may feel a certain pressure to comply with the wishes of their employer, this concern can plausibly be alleviated through privacy regulations. In any event, such pressure is arguably not stronger than or relevantly different from other types of pressure on the labour market that most people readily accept as being ethically acceptable. Finally, we argue that company‐sponsored non‐medical egg freezing may mitigate certain types of oppressive socialization, although it may well perpetuate others, and should in any case arguably be dealt with through guidelines and counselling, which would ensure that women make autonomous choices when companies offer egg freezing.
Freedom of choice and the tobacco endgame
Authors: Schmidt Andreas T.
Published: October 2021

Endgame proposals strive for a tobacco‐free (or at least cigarette‐free) society. Some endgame proposals are radical and include, for example, a complete ban on cigarettes. Setting aside empirical worries, one worry is ethical: would such proposals not go too far in interfering with individual freedom? I argue that concerns around freedom do not speak against endgame proposals, including strong proposals such as a ban on cigarettes. I first argue that when balancing freedom with public health goals in tobacco control, the latter win out. But I also argue that, in principle, a concern with freedom itself already justifies endgame measures. First, such measures can increase people's lifetime freedom, that is, the freedom they have across their entire lives. Second, such measures can facilitate a better interpersonal distribution of freedom by increasing aggregate societal freedom and by reducing inequalities. Overall, freedom does not preclude strict tobacco control but supports it.
Teachers use of fear appeals: Association with student and teacher mental health
Authors: Belcher Jessica , Wuthrich Viviana M. , Lowe Catherine
Published: October 2021

Background

Fear appeals are discourses commonly used by teachers to motivate students especially when academic outcomes are paramount. Fear appeals have been associated with better and worse academic performance by the student recipients, with some evidence that fear appeals are detrimental for students who are anxious and have lower self‐efficacy. Little is known about the factors that drive teachers’ use of fear appeals beyond a desire to increase motivation to excel.

Aims

This study examined the relationship between the use of fear appeals, psychological distress, and self‐efficacy in both teachers and students.

Sample

Participants were 377 students (81% female, age range 15 to 18, M = 16.68, SD = 0.49) and 96 teachers (73% female, Mean years teaching = 18.04, SD = 12.39).

Methods

Participants completed surveys mid‐way through the first school term of their final year of high school. Student surveys examined student anxiety, depression, stress, self‐efficacy, and experience of teacher fear appeals. Teacher surveys examined teacher anxiety, depression, stress, emotional burnout, self‐efficacy, years of teaching, and use of fear appeals.

Results

Teachers use of fear appeals was associated with student distress which was heightened for students with lower academic self‐efficacy. Similarly, teachers’ use of fear appeals was associated with higher anxiety and lower self‐efficacy in teachers themselves.

Conclusions

Therefore, the use and consequence of fear appeals is strongly linked to both student and teacher self‐efficacy and distress. Given the detrimental impacts of fear appeals on academic performance in vulnerable students, more research is needed on the consequences of fear appeals.
Integrating germline variant assessment into routine clinical practice for myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukaemia: current strategies and challenges
Authors: Tawana Kiran , Brown Anna L. , Churpek Jane E.
Published: October 2021

Over the last decade, the field of hereditary haematological malignancy syndromes (HHMSs) has gained increasing recognition among clinicians and scientists worldwide. Germline mutations now account for almost 10% of adult and paediatric myelodysplasia/acute myeloid leukaemia (MDS/AML). As our ability to diagnose HHMSs has improved, we are now faced with the challenges of integrating these advances into routine clinical practice for patients with MDS/AML and how to optimise management and surveillance of patients and asymptomatic carriers. Discoveries of novel syndromes combined with clinical, genetic and epigenetic profiling of tumour samples, have highlighted unique patterns of disease evolution across HHMSs. Despite these advances, causative lesions are detected in less than half of familial cases and evidence‐based guidelines are often lacking, suggesting there is much still to learn. Future research efforts are needed to sustain current momentum within the field, led not only by advancing genetic technology but essential collaboration between clinical and academic communities.
Toward complementarity: Specificity and commonality in social‐emotional development
Authors: Malti Tina , Cheah Charissa S. L. ,   Special Section Editors, Specificity and Commonality: Sociocultural Generalizability in Social‐Emotional Development
Published: October 2021

What are the roles of specificity and commonality in social‐emotional development? We begin by highlighting the conceptual context for this timely and timeless question and explain how responses to it can inform novel lines of theoretical and empirical inquiry, as well as sociocultural generalizability. Next, we describe how the selection of papers included in this special section contributes to our understanding of specificity and commonality in social‐emotional development. We then explain how applying the complementarity principle to social‐emotional development can inform a future research agenda in this domain. Lastly, we discuss how specificity and commonality fundamentally impact the way we conceptualize and implement interventions aimed at nurturing social‐emotional development in every child.
Adult outcomes of sustained high‐quality early child care and education: Do they vary by family income?
Authors: Bustamante Andres S. , Dearing Eric , Zachrisson Henrik Daae , Vandell Deborah Lowe
Published: October 2021

Experimental research demonstrates sustained high‐quality early care and education (ECE) can mitigate the consequences of poverty into adulthood. However, the long‐term effects of community‐based ECE are less known. Using the 1991 NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (n = 994; 49.7% female; 73.6% White, 10.6% African American, 5.6% Latino, 10.2% Other), results show that ECE was associated with reduced disparities between low‐ and higher‐income children's educational attainment and wages at age 26. Disparities in college graduation were reduced the more months that low‐income children spent in ECE (d = .19). For wages, disparities were reduced when children from low‐income families attended sustained high‐quality ECE (d = .19). Findings suggest that community‐based ECE is linked to meaningful educational and life outcomes, and sustained high‐quality ECE is particularly important for children from lower‐income backgrounds.
Copy number variations in a Brazilian cohort with autism spectrum disorders highlight the contribution of cell adhesion genes
Authors: Costa Claudia Ismania Samogy , da Silva Montenegro Eduarda Morgana , Zarrei Mehdi , de Sá Moreira Eloísa , Silva Isabela Maya Wahys , de Oliveira Scliar Marília , Wang Jaqueline Yu Ting , Zachi Elaine Cristina , Branco Elisa Varella , da Costa Silvia Souza , Lourenço Naila Cristina Vilaça , Vianna‐Morgante Angela Maria , Rosenberg Carla , Krepischi Ana Cristina Victorino , Scherer Stephen W. , Passos‐Bueno Maria Rita
Published: October 2021

Prediction of pathogenicity of rare copy number variations (CNVs), a genomic alteration known to contribute to the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), represents a serious limitation to interpreting genetic tests, particularly for genetic counseling purposes. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) was conducted in a unique collection of 144 Brazilian individuals with ASD of strong European and African ancestries. Rare CNVs were detected in 39 patients: 41 of unknown significance (VUS), four pathogenic and one likely pathogenic CNVs (clinical yield of 4.1%; 5/122). Based on gene content and recurrence in three large cohorts [a Brazilian neurodevelopmental disorder cohort, the autism MSSNG cohort, and the Canadian‐based Centre for Applied Genomics microarray database], this work strengthened the pathogenicity of 14 genes (FAT1, CAMK4, BIRC6, DPP6, CSMD1, CTNNA3, CDH8/CDH11, CDH13, OR1C1, CNTN6, CNTNAP4, FGF2 and PTPRN2) within 14 CNVs. Notably, enrichment of cell adhesion proteins to ASD etiology was identified (p < 0.05), highlighting the importance of these gene families in the etiology of ASD.
Effect of cold storage on the pupal development of two pollinators, Eristalinus aeneus and Eristalis tenax
Authors: Campoy Andrés , Egea‐Casas Olga , Pérez‐Bañón Celeste , Rojo Santos
Published: October 2021

Eristalinus aeneus (Scopoli) and Eristalis tenax (L.) (Diptera: Syrphidae, Eristalini) are important pollinator species that can be artificially reared and commercialised. To achieve better control over the pupal development time and adult emergence, cold storage techniques are suitable tools. Insects were reared under controlled conditions: 25 ± 1 °C, 50% r.h., and L12:D12 photoperiod. Pupae of both species were stored at 5 °C at the beginning (early treatments) or at the end (late treatments) of their development for various periods of time (5, 10, 15, 20, or 30 days). Development stopped completely at 5 °C in both treatments, but in general, pupae stored at the beginning of the pupal stage provided better results in terms of survival (adult emergence) and quality of the adults (general morphology). The cold tolerance of E. tenax was lower than that of E. aeneus, with their pupal developmental time successfully extended up to 18 and 23 days, respectively, without compromising survival and morphology. The number and types of morphological alterations due to cold storage were recorded.
Remoteness does not enhance coral reef resilience
Authors: Baumann Justin H. , Zhao Lily Z. , Stier Adrian C. , Bruno John F.
Published: October 2021

Remote coral reefs are thought to be more resilient to climate change due to their isolation from local stressors like fishing and pollution. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the relationship between local human influence and coral community resilience. Surprisingly, we found no relationship between human influence and resistance to disturbance and some evidence that areas with greater human development may recover from disturbance faster than their more isolated counterparts. Our results suggest remote coral reefs are imperiled by climate change, like so many other geographically isolated ecosystems, and are unlikely to serve as effective biodiversity arks. Only drastic and rapid cuts in greenhouse gas emissions will ensure coral survival. Our results also indicate that some reefs close to large human populations were relatively resilient. Focusing research and conservation resources on these more accessible locations has the potential to provide new insights and maximize conservation outcomes.
Does microwave disinfection affect the dimensional stability of denture base acrylic resins? A systematic review
Authors: da Costa Rodrigo Moreira Bringel , Venante Helena Sandrini , Pordeus Mariana Domingues , Chappuis‐Chocano Ana Paula , Neppelenbroek Karin Hermana , Santiago Júnior Joel Ferreira , Porto Vinicius Carvalho
Published: October 2021

Objective

To systematically evaluate the effect of microwave disinfection on the dimensional stability of denture base acrylic resins.

Background

Microwave disinfection has been considered as an alternative method for disinfecting complete dentures to help prevent and treat denture stomatitis. However, data on the impact of microwave disinfection on the dimensional stability of acrylic resins are still scarce.

Methods

The PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS and EMBASE databases were searched in order to assess articles published in English up to January 2021 (CRD42021212267). We included studies that have assessed the effect of microwave disinfection, on the dimensional stability of acrylic resins, comparing them with negative or positive controls.

Results

A total of seven in vitro studies were included. The qualitative synthesis demonstrated that, in general, microwave disinfection produced more distortion on the materials than do immersion in sodium hypochlorite, chloride solution, chlorhexidine, and water immersion. However, considering the dimensional stability of the specimens, microwave disinfection at 500 W for 3 minutes, and at 450 W for 5 minutes, produced similar or better outcomes than did control groups.

Conclusion

In general, microwave disinfection promotes changes in the dimensional stability of denture base acrylic resins, and should thus be used with caution. However, microwave disinfection protocols at lower power settings (500 and 450 W) and exposure times (3 and 5 minutes) produces similar or less distortion than chemical disinfection. More studies are still required in order to evaluate the clinical and long‐term implications of microwave disinfection.
Think eco, be eco? The tension between attitudes and behaviours of millennial fashion consumers
Authors: Cairns Hannah May , Ritch Elaine L. , Bereziat Claire
Published: October 2021

This research examines the tensions experienced by millennials between their desire to purchase fast‐fashion and their growing concern for sustainability. The ethical and sustainable consumption literature has long recognised this misalignment of value, often referred to as an attitude‐behaviour gap. While previous research has explored the reasons behind the attitude‐behaviour gap and the rationales constructed by consumers to alleviate any associated tensions between mismatched values, this has not been framed within Festinger's Theory of Cognitive Dissonance, particularly for fashion acquisition. This seems somewhat remiss, especially given that Festinger's Theory of Cognitive Dissonance has been successfully applied in other consumption contexts and has offered commercial and social marketing opportunities for marketing activity development. The research utilises Festinger's Theory of Cognitive Dissonance on qualitative data collected from 38 millennial participants living in Scotland. Adopting an interpretive approach, a semi‐structured interview template was administered online and data were analysed thematically, revealing that an infusion of eco‐fashion awareness was filtering into millennials' consciousness. While the millennials reported feelings of cognitive dissonance when purchasing fast‐fashion such as ‘irritation’ and ‘guilt’, unlike previous research, here they did not attempt to justify their behaviour in order to resolve their feelings of dissonance. Rather, the participants perceived this as an opportunity to reaffirm their preferences for sustainability for future consumption practice. Limitations include the small sample; nevertheless, the data contribute to the overall understanding of millennial eco‐fashion consumption, the attitude‐behaviour gap and the occurrence and resolutions of cognitive dissonance.
Effect of an exogenous strigolactone GR24 on the antioxidant capacity and quality deterioration in postharvest sweet orange fruit stored at ambient temperature
Authors: Ma Qiaoli , Lin Xiong , Zhan Minxuan , Chen Zhaoxing , Wang Hegui , Yao Fengxian , Chen Jinyin
Published: October 2021

Quality deterioration and senescence are the main causes of loss of fruit postharvest. Here, the effects of 200 μmol L−1 strigolactone GR24 on the physicochemical characters, organoleptic quality, and antioxidant capacity of postharvest orange fruit were studied. GR24 increased fruit firmness (9.2%), citrus color index (22.34%), titratable acidity (11.7%), total soluble solid (13.13%), and soluble sugar content (8.17%) irrespective of the rates of weight loss (1.22%) and respiration (24.13%), indicating an improvement in organoleptic quality. GR24 also decreased the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (30.08%) and malondialdehyde (27.59%), but increased the levels of antioxidants (ascorbate, glutathione, and total phenol) and enzyme activities (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase), indicating an enhancement in antioxidant capacity. Moreover, GR24 delayed fruit senescence process by stimulating the boost of the antioxidant system during 0–63 days and delaying the quality deterioration at 77–91 days.
Tensions as a framework for managing work in collaborative workplaces: A review of the empirical studies
Authors: Manca Claudia
Published: October 2021

Companies are increasingly implementing collaborative workplaces (CWs) to promote office collaboration and flexibility. Despite the rapid diffusion of CWs across industries and organizations, research findings suggest that their benefits often fail to materialize due to the existence of tensions and contradictions that develop through the daily actions and interactions of workplace users. This literature review sheds some light on the development of tensions and contradictions in CWs by focusing on their implications for social relations at work. This review identifies the oppositional tensions that surface in CW research findings:flexibility vs structure,fluidity vs stabilityandexposure vs privacy. In disclosing the underlying mechanisms, this study connects these tensions and their management to the autonomy–control paradox that emerges in CWs. It concludes by suggesting some approaches that are available to managers to assist them in dealing with tensions and unleashing creativity, participation and adaptability.