bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sciatica from a Foraminal Lumbar Root Schwannoma: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Rustagi Tarush , Badve Siddharth , Parekh Aseem N.
Published: January 2012

Sciatica is commonly caused by lumbar prolapsed intervertebral disc (PID) and other spinal lesions. Uncommon causes like nerve root schwannoma are rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of sciatica. Spinal schwannomas occur both sporadically and in association with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1; von Recklinghausen's disease). This case report describes lumbar foraminal schwannoma as an unusual cause of radiculopathy, presenting clinically as a lumbar disc prolapse. The diagnosis was confirmed on MRI scan. Patient had complete symptomatic recovery following surgical enucleation of the tumour mass from the L5 nerve root. This case report is of particular interest as it highlights the diagnostic confusion, which is bound to arise, because the clinical presentation closely mimics a lumbar PID. This often leads to delay in diagnosis and “failure of conservative treatment.”
Feeding Bottles Usage and the Prevalence of Childhood Allergy and Asthma
Authors: Hsu Nai-Yun , Wu Pei-Chih , Bornehag Carl-Gustaf , Sundell Jan , Su Huey-Jen
Published: January 2012

This study aimed to examine the association between the length of use of feeding bottles or pacifiers during childhood and the prevalence of respiratory and allergic morbidities. A large-scale questionnaire survey was performed in day care centers and kindergartens (with children’s ages ranging from 2 to 7 years) in southern Taiwan, and a total of 14,862 questionnaires completed by parents were finally recruited for data analysis. Effects of using feeding bottles on children’s wheezing/asthma (adjusted OR: 1.05, 95% CI 1.00–1.09), allergic rhinitis (adjusted OR: 1.04, 95% CI 1.00–1.08), and eczema (adjusted OR: 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.2) were found. Moreover, significant dose-dependent relationships were further established after an adjustment for confounders was performed that included children’s ages, gender, gestational age, birth weight, length of breastfeeding, the age when first given infant formula or complementary foods, family history, parental educational levels, and smoking status, as well as the problem of indoor water damage. This study was the first to reveal the potential risk of using plastic consumer products such as feeding bottles on the reported health status of preschool children in Asian countries.
Seed Cryopreservation of Some Medicinal Legumes
Authors: Kholina Alla B. , Voronkova Nina M.
Published: January 2012

Seed survival after storage in liquid nitrogen (–196°C) was examined in 12 wild medicinal legume species occurred Far East of Russia. Dry seeds of all species survived cryostorage without loss of viability. Initial germinability varied from 3 to 85%. The stimulatory effect of cryogenic temperature on germination, with or without subsequent chemical scarification, was observed in all species studied with deep physical dormancy or heterogeneous levels of hardseededness. Frozen seeds demonstrated higher germination percentages (the percentage of germinated seeds) and germination rates (time for first seed to germinate (T0) and time required (in days) to reach 50% of the final germination percentage (T50)) than the control ones. The anomalous seedlings were not observed after storage of seeds in liquid nitrogen. This study shows that cryostorage may be successfully applied for conservation of native species without detrimental effects on germination and growth.
An Unexpected Cause of a Subcutaneous Nodule: A Case Report ofDirofilariaInfection
Authors: Cheung Bruno Man-Hon , Huang Yi-Lan , Lin Yie-Wen , Chang Yung-Sen , Liu Shian-Min
Published: January 2012

Humans are not natural hosts ofDirofilaria; however, pulmonary or subcutaneous infections may occur through mosquitoes transmission. Patients presenting with simple subcutaneous nodules may not seek early medical attention, and hence systemic involvement through hematogenous spread may occur. Definitive diagnosis of Dirofilaria infection is made by histopathological examinations of the infected tissues. We report a patient with an incidental diagnosis of Dirofilaria infection confirmed by histopathological findings of a subcutaneous nodule on the right thigh. The source of infection remains unknown.
Effect of Ageing on Systemic Inflammatory Response in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Machado Marcel Cerqueira Cesar , Coelho Ana Maria Mendonça , Carneiro D’Albuquerque Luiz Augusto , Jancar Sonia
Published: January 2012

Elderly patients show increased incidence of multiple organ dysfunction in acute pancreatitis possibly due to bacterial translocation. This is associated with increased susceptibility to infections in older people. Several reports have related this increased susceptibility to a proinflammatory status calledinflammaging, which decreases the capacity of the immunological system to respond to antigens. Cellular senescence also contributes to this low-grade chronic inflammation in older subjects. We discuss here the effect of ageing on systemic inflammation, focusing on that induced by acute pancreatitis and some of the mechanisms involved. It is important to understand the immunological changes in the elderly to adjust treatment strategies in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with acute pancreatitis and other conditions that lead to systemic inflammation.
Determinants and Congruence of Species Richness Patterns across Multiple Taxonomic Groups on a Regional Scale
Authors: Buse Jörn , Griebeler Eva Maria
Published: January 2012

Applying multiple generalized regression models, we studied spatial patterns in species richness for different taxonomic groups (amphibians, reptiles, grasshoppers, plants, mosses) within the German federal state Rhineland-Palatinate (RP). We aimed (1) to detect their centres of richness, (2) to rate the influence of climatic and land-use parameters on spatial patterns, and (3) to test whether patterns are congruent between taxonomic groups in RP. Centres of species richness differed between taxonomic groups and overall richness was the highest in the valleys of large rivers and in different areas of southern RP. Climatic parameters strongly correlated with richness in all taxa whereas land use was less significant. Spatial richness patterns of all groups were to a certain extent congruent but differed between group pairs. The number of grasshoppers strongly correlated with the number of plants and with overall species richness. An external validation corroborated the generality of our species richness models.
Atypical Neurofibroma and Osteosclerotic Metastasis
Authors: Varyani Neeraj , Thukral Anubhav , Garg Sunny , Gupta Kailash Kumar , Tandon Ravi , Tripathi Kamlakar
Published: January 2012

35-year-old male presented with multiple swellings in left leg, headache, weakness of limbs for 4 months, and blurring of vision for the last 15 days. On examination, he was pale, cachexic with generalized lymphadenopathy and lower motor neuron type weakness of limbs sparing right upper limb. Blood investigations showed anemia with high alkaline phosphatase. Chest radiograph revealed osteosclerotic metastatic lesion in humerus. Biopsy of leg lesion revealed atypical neurofibroma. Computed tomography (CT) of thorax revealed osteoblastic metastasis. Bone marrow aspiration showed cells with round to oval nuclei, fine granular chromatin with large central prominent nucleoli and eosinophilic cytoplasm with acini formation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain and spinal cord defined metastatic leptomeningeal deposits. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology was positive for malignant cells. Gastroscopy showed an ulceroinfiltrative growth from stomach which on histopathology revealed diffuse adenocarcinoma. Palliative treatment was given with intrathecal methotrexate and systemic corticosteroid with chemotherapy. Patient’s symptom improved drastically, but we lost him to followup.
Resonances for Perturbed Periodic Schrödinger Operator
Authors: Dimassi Mouez
Published: January 2012

In the semiclassical regime, we obtain a lower bound for the counting function of resonances corresponding to the perturbed periodic Schrödinger operatorPh=-Δ+Vx+W(hx). HereVis a periodic potential,Wa decreasing perturbation andha small positive constant.
Mechanisms of Remodeling in Asthmatic Airways
Authors: Shifren Adrian , Witt Chad , Christie Chandrika , Castro Mario
Published: January 2012

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disorder characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and reversible airflow obstruction. Subgroups of asthma patients develop airflow obstruction that is irreversible or only partially reversible and experience an accelerated rate of lung function decline. The structural changes in the airways of these patients are referred to as airway remodeling. All elements of the airway wall are involved, and remodeled airway wall thickness is substantially increased compared to normal control airways. Airway remodeling is thought to contribute to the subphenotypes of irreversible airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness, and it has been associated with increased disease severity. Reversal of remodeling is therefore of paramount therapeutic importance, and mechanisms responsible for airway remodeling are feasible therapeutic targets for asthma treatment. This paper will focus on our current understanding of the mechanisms of airway remodeling in asthma and potential targets for future intervention.
Rationale for Antioxidant Supplementation in Sarcopenia
Authors: Cerullo Francesco , Gambassi Giovanni , Cesari Matteo
Published: January 2012

Sarcopenia is an age-related clinical condition characterized by the progressive loss of motor units and wasting of muscle fibers resulting in decreased muscle function. The molecular mechanisms leading to sarcopenia are not completely identified, but the increased oxidative damage occurring in muscle cells during the course of aging represents one of the most accepted underlying pathways. In fact, skeletal muscle is a highly oxygenated tissue and the generation of reactive oxygen species is particularly enhanced in both contracting and at rest conditions. It has been suggested that oral antioxidant supplementation may contribute at reducing indices of oxidative stress both in animal and human models by reinforcing the natural endogenous defenses. Aim of the present paper is to discuss present evidence related to possible benefits of oral antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.
Suicide Attempt by Intravenous Potassium Self-Poisoning: A Case Report
Authors: Battefort Florent , Dehours Emilie , Vallé Baptiste , Hamdaoui Ahmed , Bounes Vincent , Ducassé Jean-Louis
Published: January 2012

Introduction. Overdose of potassium is not as frequently encountered in clinical practice as hyperkalaemia due to acute or chronic renal disease. However, potassium overdoses leading to serious consequences do occur.Case Presentation. A 20-year-old nurse student presented with a cardiac arrest with asystole rhythm. Beside the patient were found four 50-mL syringes and empty vials of potassium chloride (20 mL, 10%). After initial resuscitation with epinephrine, 125 mL of a 4.2% intravenous solution of sodium bicarbonate were injected which resulted in the recovery of an effective cardiac activity. The patient recovered without sequelae.Conclusion. The difficulty in this case was to recognize the potassium poisoning. The advanced resuscitation with the use of a specific treatment helped to resuscitate the patient.
Modified Motor Vehicles Travel Speed Models on the Basis of Curb Parking Setting under Mixed Traffic Flow
Authors: Mei Zhenyu , Chen Jun
Published: January 2012

The ongoing controversy about in what condition should we set the curb parking has few definitive answers because comprehensive research in this area has been lacking. Our goal is to present a set of heuristic urban street speed functions under mixed traffic flow by taking into account impacts of curb parking. Two impacts have been defined to classify and quantify the phenomena of motor vehicles′ speed dynamics in terms of curb parking. The first impact is called Space impact, which is caused by the curb parking types. The other one is the Time impact, which results from the driver maneuvering in or out of parking space. In this paper, based on the empirical data collected from six typical urban streets in Nanjing, China, two models have been proposed to describe these phenomena for one‐way traffic and two‐way traffic, respectively. An intensive experiment has been conducted in order to calibrate and validate these proposed models, by taking into account the complexity of the model parameters. We also provide guidelines in terms of how to cluster and calculate those models′ parameters. Results from these models demonstrated promising performance of modeling motor vehicles′ speed for mixed traffic flow under the influence of curb parking.
Combination of Micronutrients for Bone (COMB) Study: Bone Density after Micronutrient Intervention
Authors: Genuis Stephen J. , Bouchard Thomas P.
Published: January 2012

Along with other investigations, patients presenting to an environmental health clinic with various chronic conditions were assessed for bone health status. Individuals with compromised bone strength were educated about skeletal health issues and provided with therapeutic options for potential amelioration of their bone health. Patients who declined pharmacotherapy or who previously experienced failure of drug treatment were offered other options including supplemental micronutrients identified in the medical literature as sometimes having a positive impact on bone mineral density (BMD). After 12 months of consecutive supplemental micronutrient therapy with a combination that included vitamin D3, vitamin K2, strontium, magnesium and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), repeat bone densitometry was performed. The results were analyzed in a group of compliant patients and demonstrate improved BMD in patients classified with normal, osteopenic and osteoporotic bone density. According to the results, this combined micronutrient supplementation regimen appears to be at least as effective as bisphosphonates or strontium ranelate in raising BMD levels in hip, spine, and femoral neck sites. No fractures occurred in the group taking the micronutrient protocol. This micronutrient regimen also appears to show efficacy in individuals where bisphosphonate therapy was previously unsuccessful in maintaining or raising BMD. Prospective clinical trials are required to confirm efficacy.
Environmental Determinants of Chronic Disease and Medical Approaches: Recognition, Avoidance, Supportive Therapy, and Detoxification
Authors: Sears Margaret E. , Genuis Stephen J.
Published: January 2012

The World Health Organization warns that chronic, noncommunicable diseases are rapidly becoming epidemic worldwide. Escalating rates of neurocognitive, metabolic, autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases cannot be ascribed only to genetics, lifestyle, and nutrition; early life and ongoing exposures, and bioaccumulated toxicants may also cause chronic disease. Contributors to ill health are summarized from multiple perspectives—biological effects of classes of toxicants, mechanisms of toxicity, and a synthesis of toxic contributors to major diseases. Healthcare practitioners have wide-ranging roles in addressing environmental factors in policy and public health and clinical practice. Public health initiatives include risk recognition and chemical assessment then exposure reduction, remediation, monitoring, and avoidance. The complex web of disease and environmental contributors is amenable to some straightforward clinical approaches addressing multiple toxicants. Widely applicable strategies include nutrition and supplements to counter toxic effects and to support metabolism; as well as exercise and sweating, and possibly medication to enhance excretion. Addressing environmental health and contributors to chronic disease has broad implications for society, with large potential benefits from improved health and productivity.
Risk of Falls in Parkinson’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study of 160 Patients
Authors: Contreras Ana , Grandas Francisco
Published: January 2012

Falls are a major source of disability in Parkinson’s disease. Risk factors for falling in Parkinson’s disease remain unclear. To determine the relevant risk factors for falling in Parkinson’s disease, we screened 160 consecutive patients with Parkinson’s disease for falls and assessed 40 variables. A comparison between fallers and nonfallers was performed using statistical univariate analyses, followed by bivariate and multivariate logistic regression, receiver-operating characteristics analysis, and Kaplan-Meier curves. 38.8% of patients experienced falls since the onset of Parkinson’s disease (recurrent in 67%). Tinetti Balance score and Hoehn and Yahr staging were the best independent variables associated with falls. The Tinetti Balance test predicted falls with 71% sensitivity and 79% specificity and Hoehn and Yahr staging with 77% sensitivity and 71% specificity. The risk of falls increased exponentially with age, especially from 70 years onward. Patients aged >70 years at the onset of Parkinson’s disease experienced falls significantly earlier than younger patients.
Use of Surgisis for Treatment of Anterior and Posterior Vaginal Prolapse
Authors: Armitage Sara , Seman Elvis I. , Keirse Marc J. N. C.
Published: January 2012

Aim.To evaluate the anatomical success and complication rate of Surgisis in the repair of anterior and posterior vaginal wall prolapse.Methods.A retrospective review of 65 consecutive Surgisis prolapse repairs, involving the anterior and/or posterior compartment, performed between 2003 and 2009, including their objective and subjective success rates using the pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POPQ) system.Results.The subjective success rate (no symptoms and no bulge beyond the hymen) was 92%, and the overall objective success rate (no subsequent prolapse in any compartment) was 66% (43 of 65). The overall reoperation rate for de novo and recurrent prolapse was 7.7% with 3 women undergoing repeat surgery at the same site (anterior compartment). No long-term complications occurred.Conclusions.Surgisis has a definite role in the surgical treatment of prolapse. It may decrease recurrences seen with native tissue repair and long-term complications of synthetic mesh. Its use in posterior compartment repair in particular is promising.
To Drive or Not to Drive: Assessment Dilemmas for GPs
Authors: Sims J. , Rouse-Watson S. , Schattner P. , Beveridge A. , Jones K. M.
Published: January 2012

Introduction. Most Australians are dependent on their cars for mobility, thus relinquishing driving licences for medical reasons poses challenges. Aims. To investigate how general practitioners (GPs) recognise and manage patients’ fitness to drive, GPs’ attitudes and beliefs about their role as assessors, and GPs’ experiences in assessing and reporting to driving authorities and identify GPs’ educational needs. Methods. Mixed methods: questionnaire mailed to GPs from three rural and two metropolitan Divisons of General Practice in Victoria, Australia. Results. 217/1028 completed questionnaires were returned: 85% recognised a patients’ fitness to drive, 54% felt confident in their assessment ability, 21% felt the GP should have primary responsibility for declaring patients’ fitness to drive, 79% felt that reporting a patient would negatively impact on the doctor-patient relationship, 74% expressed concern about legal liability, and 74% favoured further education. Discussion. This study provides considerable information including recommendations about GP education, the assessment forms, and legal clarification.
Quantum Size Effect in ZnO Nanoparticles via Mechanical Milling
Authors: Aznan Nurul Azri Khalisah , Johan Mohd Rafie
Published: January 2012

ZnO nanocrystals were successfully produced by mechanical milling. It is shown that mechanical milling is very effective and simple to produce ZnO nanoparticles with the possibility of obtaining large quantities of materials. Size effects in ZnO nanoparticles were probed by XRD and UV‐vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Absorption due to free electron was clearly observed, whereas strong PL lines were recorded in the UV and blue region. The absorbance and photoluminescence were found to increase with reduction in particle size. Blueshift of excitonic and emission peaks was observed as a consequence of the size quantization effect. Formation of pure ZnO phase was confirmed from XRD pattern and the optical spectroscopy.
Orthodontic Elastic Separator-Induced Periodontal Abscess: A Case Report
Authors: Becker Talia , Neronov Alex
Published: January 2012

Aim. Orthodontic elastic bands were proposed as being the source of gingival abscesses that can rapidly lead to bone loss and teeth exfoliation. We report an adolescent, otherwise, healthy patient whose periodontal status was sound. Shortly after undergoing preparations for orthodontic treatment consisting of orthodontic separators, he presented with a periodontal abscess for which there was no apparent etiology. A non-orthoradial X-ray was inconclusive, but an appropriate one revealed a subgingival orthodontic separator as the cause of the abscess. Removal of the separator and thorough scaling led to complete resolution of the abscess, but there was already residual mild damage to the alveolar bone.Summary. Failure to use appropriate imaging to reveal the cause of gingival abscesses can result in the delay of implementing treatment and halting irreversible alveolar bone loss. An inflammatory process restricted to the gingiva and refractive to conventional therapy should raise the possibility of a foreign body etiology.
Oocyte Cryostorage to Preserve Fertility in Oncological Patients
Authors: Revelli Alberto , Molinari Emanuela , Salvagno Francesca , Delle Piane Luisa , Dolfin Elisabetta , Ochetti Simona
Published: January 2012

Thanks to the progress in oncostatic treatments, young women affected by cancer have a fairly good chance of surviving the disease and leading a normal post-cancer life. Quite often, however, polychemiotherapy and/or radiotherapy can induce ovarian damage and significantly reduce the content of follicles and oocytes inside the ovary, thus predisposing the patient to menstrual disorders, infertility, and precocious menopause. Several techniques have been proposed to preserve fertility in these patients; among them oocyte collection and cryopreservation prior to the oncostatic treatment has been widely applied in the last decade. The proper indications, the permitting conditions, the available hormonal stimulation protocols, as well as the effectiveness and limits of this option will be discussed herein, with a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the two techniques commonly used to cryostore oocytes, the slow-freezing technique and the vitrification technique.
On Semi‐(B, G)‐Preinvex Functions
Authors: Liu Xiaoling , Yuan D. H.
Published: January 2012

We firstly construct a concrete semi‐invex set which is
not invex. Basing on concept of semi‐invex set, we introduce some kinds
of generalized convex functions, which include semi‐(B, G)‐preinvex functions, strictly semi‐(B, G)‐preinvex functions and explicitly semi‐(B, G)‐preinvex functions. Moreover, we establish relationships between our new
generalized convexity and generalized convexity introduced in the literature. With these relationships and the well‐known results pertaining to
common generalized convexity, we obtain results for our new generalized
convexities. We extend the existing results in the literature.
On Divergence of Fourier Series by Some Methods of Summability
Authors: Tetunashvili Shakro
Published: January 2012

A new summability method of series is introduced and studied. The particular cases of this method are, for example, variable-order Cesaro and Riesz methods. Applications to divergence problem of Fourier series are given. An extension of Kolmogorov, Schipp, and Bočkarev’s well-known theorems on divergence of Fourier trigonometric, Walsh, and orthonormal series is established.
An Optimization Mechanism Intended for Static Power Reduction Using Dual‐VthTechnique
Authors: Santos Rodolfo P. , Clemente Gabriela S. , Silva-Filho Abel , Araújo Cristiano , Sarmento Adriano , Lima Manoel , Barros Edna
Published: January 2012

Power consumption reduction is a challenge nowadays. Techniques for dynamic and static power minimization have been proposed, but most of them are very time consuming. This work proposes an algorithm for reducing static power, which can be perfectly inserted in the conventional design flow for integrated systems considering an open source environment (open access infrastructure). The proposed approach, based on a Dual‐Threshold technique, replaces part of the cells of the circuit by cells with a higher threshold voltage without resulting in timing violations in the circuit. The decision to replace a cell is based on timing estimates of the circuit modeling with the cell replacement, before it is actually replaced. The fact that only some cells are replaced every iteration results in a reduction of the runtime of the algorithm. Additionally, results showed a reduction in static power up to 39.28%, when applying the proposed approach in the ISCAS85 benchmark circuits.
Pharmacological Basis for the Medicinal Use ofLepidium sativumin Airways Disorders
Authors: Rehman Najeeb-ur , Khan Arif-ullah , Alkharfy Khalid M. , Gilani Anwarul-Hassan
Published: January 2012

Lepidium sativumis widely used in folk medicine for treatment of hyperactive airways disorders, such as asthma, bronchitis and cough. The crude extract ofLepidium sativum(Ls.Cr) inhibited carbachol (CCh, 1 μM-) and K+(80 mM-) induced contractions in a pattern similar to that of dicyclomine. Ls.Cr at 0.03 mg/mL produced a rightward parallel shift of CCh curves, followed by nonparallel shift at higher concentration (0.1 mg/mL), suppressing maximum response, similar to that caused by dicyclomine. Pretreatment of tissues with Ls.Cr (0.1–0.3 mg/mL) shifted Ca++concentration-response curves (CRCs) to right, as produced by verapamil. Ls.Cr at low concentrations (0.03–0.1 mg/mL) caused leftward shift of isoprenaline-induced inhibitory CRCs, like that caused by rolipram, a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. These results indicate that bronchodilatory effect ofLepidium sativumis mediated through a combination of anticholinergic, Ca++antagonist and PDE inhibitory pathways, which provides sound mechanistic background for its medicinal use in the overactive airways disorders.
Mathematical Model of the Impact of a Nonantibiotic Treatment forClostridium difficileon the Endemic Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in a Hospital Setting
Authors: Grima Daniel T. , Webb Glenn F. , D'Agata Erika M. C.
Published: January 2012

Introduction.Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is treated using antibiotics, which often leads to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). This study estimated the impact of a non antibiotic treatment for CDAD on VRE prevalence.Methods. A previously published model describing the impact of in-hospital antibiotic use on VRE prevalence was adapted to include CDAD treatment. Simulations compared the prevalence of VRE when nonantibiotic versus antibiotic therapy was used.Results. Nonantibiotic treatment in 50% of CDAD patients resulted in an 18% relative reduction in the prevalence of VRE colonization compared with antibiotic use only. Sensitivity analysis found the model to be most sensitive to rates of antibiotic initiation and discontinuation, prevalence of VRE in admitted patients, length of stay of colonized patients, probability of CDAD acquisition, and hand-washing compliance.Conclusion. Nonantibiotic treatment of patients hospitalized with CDAD may significantly reduce the incidence of VRE colonization.
Large Planting Stock Type and Mechanical Release Effects on the Establishment Success ofPicea glaucaPlantations in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Thiffault Nelson , Lafleur Benoit , Roy Vincent , DeBlois Josianne
Published: January 2012

We established four experimental plantations to evaluate the main and interaction effects of timing (year of application) of mechanical release and stock type (containerized or bareroot) on the establishment success of largePicea glaucaseedlings eight years after outplanting on high-competition sites in Quebec (Canada). We also monitored percent cover and height of target vegetation groups as well as the amount of photosynthetically active radiation available to crop trees. Our results indicate that the use of large containerized or bareroot stock had limited effects on seedling growth, although bareroot seedlings presented higher mortality than containerized seedlings. Mechanical release enhanced seedling growth, compared to the control. Delaying treatment by two years impacted crop tree dimensions, although differences were minimal. Survival was not affected. We conclude that large containerized seedlings should be favoured over bareroot stock for reforestation on high-competition sites and that the release guidelines developed for standard size seedlings are applicable to the large dimensionP. glaucastock tested in this study.
Targeting Beta Amyloid: A Clinical Review of Immunotherapeutic Approaches in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Lobello Kasia , Ryan J. Michael , Liu Enchi , Rippon Gregory , Black Ronald
Published: January 2012

As the societal and economic burdens of Alzheimer's disease (AD) continue to mount, so does the need for therapies that slow the progression of the illness. Beta amyloid has long been recognized as the pathologic hallmark of AD, and the past decade has seen significant progress in the development of various immunotherapeutic approaches targeting beta amyloid. This paper reviews active and passive approaches aimed at beta amyloid, with a focus on clinical trial data.
Safety from Crime and Physical Activity among Older Adults: A Population-Based Study in Brazil
Authors: Weber Corseuil Maruí , Hallal Pedro Curi , Xavier Corseuil Herton , Jayce Ceola Schneider Ione , d'Orsi Eleonora
Published: January 2012

Objective. To evaluate the association between safety from crime and physical activity among older adults.Methods. A population-based survey including 1,656 older adults (60+ years) took place in Florianopolis, Brazil, in 2009-2010. Commuting and leisure time physical activity were assessed through the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Perception of safety from crime was assessed using the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale.Results. Perceiving the neighbourhood as safe during the day was related to a 25% increased likelihood of being active in leisure time (95% CI 1.02–1.53); general perception of safety was also associated with a 25% increase in the likelihood of being active in leisure time (95% CI 1.01–1.54). Street lighting was related to higher levels of commuting physical activity (prevalence ratio: 1.89; 95% CI 1.28–2.80).Conclusions. Safety investments are essential for promoting physical activity among older adults in Brazil.
Indefinite LQ Control for Discrete‐Time Stochastic Systems via Semidefinite Programming
Authors: Zhou Shaowei , Zhang Weihai
Published: January 2012

This paper is concerned with a discrete‐time indefinite stochastic LQ problem
in an infinite‐time horizon. A generalized stochastic algebraic Riccati equation (GSARE)
that involves the Moore‐Penrose inverse of a matrix and a positive semidefinite constraint
is introduced. We mainly use a semidefinite‐programming‐ (SDP‐) based approach to study
corresponding problems. Several relations among SDP complementary duality, the GSARE,
and the optimality of LQ problem are established.
Paradoxical Effect of Aspirin
Authors: Doutremepuich Christian , Aguejouf Omar , Desplat Vanessa , Eizayaga Francisco X.
Published: January 2012

Low-dose aspirin is an important therapeutic option in the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic stroke, basedon its unique cost-effectiveness and widespread availability. In addition, based on the results of a number of large studies, aspirin is also widely used in the primary prevention of MI. This paper provides an update of the available data to offer greater clarity regarding the risks of aspirin with respect to hemorrhagic stroke. In the secondary prevention of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and ischemic events, the evidence supports that the benefits of aspirin treatment significantly outweigh the risk of a major hemorrhage. When considering whether aspirin is appropriate, the absolute therapeutic cardiovascular benefits of aspirin must be balanced with the possible risks associated with its use, being hemorrhagic stroke. Regarding these clinical facts, normal, COX 1 −/−, and COX 2 −/− mice were treated with a wide range of doses of aspirin and studied by induced hemorrhagic time. The results outlined three major conclusions: high doses of aspirin induce hemorrhage, while low doses of aspirin do not. In the absence of COX 1, ultra low doses of aspirin produce an antihemorrhagic effect not observed with intermediate doses. The absence of COX 2 induced a hemorrhagic effect that needs further research, probably originated in compensatory phenomena.
Evaluating the Role of Compression Stockings in Preventing Post thrombotic Syndrome: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Kanaan Abir O. , Lepage Jayne E. , Djazayeri Shabdis , Donovan Jennifer L.
Published: January 2012

Background. Postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a burdensome and costly complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Up to 50% of patients with DVT will develop the disease within two years following the diagnosis of acute DVT. Various risk factors for developing PTS have been identified and different modalities have been used to prevent its development. Compression stockings have been studied for the prevention of PTS in patients diagnosed with proximal DVT.Methods. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched to identify relevant original articles.Results. Several trials including two metaanalyses have examined the role of compression stockings for the prevention of PTS. Although most trials showed significant reduction in the development of PTS with the use of compression stockings, limitations in study design prevent the generalizability of the data. Two studies supported an individualized tailored duration especially in patients at low risk for developing the syndrome. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial involving 800 patients is currently ongoing and may confirm the results of older studies.Conclusions. Clinical trials support the use of compression stockings in patients diagnosed with proximal DVT for the prevention of PTS.
Perturbative Gravity and Gauge Theory Relations: A Review
Authors: Søndergaard Thomas
Published: January 2012

This paper is dedicated to the amazing Kawai-Lewellen-Tye relations, connecting perturbative gravity and gauge theories at tree level. The main focus is onn-point derivations and general properties both from a string theory and pure field theory point of view. In particular, the field theory part is based on some very recent developments.
Waiting Time for Coronal Preparation and the Influence of Different Cements on Tensile Strength of Metal Posts
Authors: Oliveira Ilione Kruschewsky Costa Sousa , Arsati Ynara Bosco de Oliveira Lima , Basting Roberta Tarkany , França Fabiana Mantovani Gomes
Published: January 2012

This study aimed to assess the effect of post-cementation waiting time for core preparation of cemented cast posts and cores had on retention in the root canal, using two different luting materials. Sixty extracted human canines were sectioned 16 mm from the root apex. After cast nickel-chromium metal posts and cores were fabricated and luted with zinc phosphate (ZP) cement or resin cement (RC), the specimens were divided into 3 groups (n= 10) according to the waiting time for core preparation: no preparation (control), 15 minutes, or 1 week after the core cementation. At the appropriate time, the specimens were subjected to a tensile load test (0.5 mm/min) until failure. Two-way ANOVA (time versus cement) and the Tukey tests (P< 0.05) showed significantly higher (P< 0.05) tensile strength values for the ZP cement groups than for the RC groups. Core preparation and post-cementation waiting time for core recontouring did not influence the retention strength. ZP was the best material for intraradicular metal post cementation.
Fixed Point and Weak Convergence Theorems for (α, β)‐Hybrid Mappings in Banach Spaces
Authors: Kuo Tian-Yuan , Jeng Jyh-Chung , Huang Young-Ye , Hong Chung-Chien
Published: January 2012

We introduce the class of (α, β)‐hybrid mappings relative
to a Bregman distance Df in a Banach space, and then we study the fixed
point and weak convergence problem for such mappings.
High-Resolution Remotely Sensed Small Target Detection by Imitating Fly Visual Perception Mechanism
Authors: Huang Fengchen , Xu Lizhong , Li Min , Tang Min
Published: January 2012

The difficulty and limitation of small target detection methods for high-resolution remote sensing data have been a recent research hot spot. Inspired by the information capture and processing theory of fly visual system, this paper endeavors to construct a characterized model of information perception and make use of the advantages of fast and accurate small target detection under complex varied nature environment. The proposed model forms a theoretical basis of small target detection for high-resolution remote sensing data. After the comparison of prevailing simulation mechanism behind fly visual systems, we propose a fly-imitated visual system method of information processing for high-resolution remote sensing data. A small target detector and corresponding detection algorithm are designed by simulating the mechanism of information acquisition, compression, and fusion of fly visual system and the function of pool cell and the character of nonlinear self-adaption. Experiments verify the feasibility and rationality of the proposed small target detection model and fly-imitated visual perception method.
The Effect of NaCl and CMA on the Growth and Morphology ofArctostaphylos uva-ursi(Kinnikinnick)
Authors: Young Jane P. , Rallings Anna , Rutherford P. Michael , Booth Annie L.
Published: January 2012

Numerous studies have described the negative effects of the commonly used deicer, NaCl, on plants; this has led to research on less toxic alternatives, for example, calcium magnesium acetate (CMA). The present research investigated the native ground cover species,Arctostaphylos uva-ursi(kinnikinnick), as a possible candidate for landscaping in high salt conditions. The effect of NaCl and CMA on the growth, morphology, and survival ofA. uva-ursiplants was examined to explore the use of CMA as a potential environmentally friendly alternative deicing agent to that of NaCl. The influence of these deicing agents on selected soil properties was also investigated. It was found that this ground cover species was able to tolerate moderate-to-high levels of NaCl and even greater concentrations of CMA. Therefore,A. uva-ursiproved to be a candidate for landscaping use in a north central city of Canada, where deicing agents are used in winter months.
On the q‐Euler Numbers and Polynomials with Weight 0
Authors: Kim T. , Choi J.
Published: January 2012

The purpose of this paper is to investigate some properties of q‐Euler numbers and polynomials with weight 0. From those q‐Euler numbers with weight 0, we derive some identities on the q‐Euler numbers and polynomials with weight 0.
The Lantibiotic Lacticin 3147 Prevents Systemic Spread ofStaphylococcus aureusin a Murine Infection Model
Authors: Piper Clare , Casey Pat G. , Hill Colin , Cotter Paul D. , Ross R. Paul
Published: January 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate thein vivoactivity of the lantibiotic lacticin 3147 against the luminescentStaphylococcus aureusstrain Xen 29 using a murine model. Female BALB/c mice (7 weeks old, 17 g) were divided into groups (n=5) and infected with the Xen 29 strain via the intraperitoneal route at a dose of1×106 cfu/animal. After 1.5 hr, the animals were treated subcutaneously with doses of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; negative control) or lacticin 3147. Luminescent imaging was carried 3 and 5 hours postinfection. Mice were then sacrificed, and the levels ofS. aureusXen 29 in the liver, spleen, and kidneys were quantified. Notably, photoluminescence and culture-based analysis both revealed that lacticin 3147 successfully controlled the systemic spread ofS. aureusin mice thus indicating that lacticin 3147 has potential as a chemotherapeutic agent forin vivoapplications.
Energy-Balanced Density Control to Avoid Energy Hole for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Jia Jie , Chen Jian , Wang Xingwei , Zhao Linliang
Published: January 2012

Density control is of great relevance for wireless sensor networks monitoring hazardous applications where sensors are deployed with high density. Due to the multihop relay communication and many-to-one traffic characters in wireless sensor networks, the nodes closer to the sink tend to die faster, causing a bottleneck for improving the network lifetime. In this paper, the theoretical aspects of the network load and the node density are investigated systematically. And then, the accessibility condition to satisfy that all the working sensors exhaust their energy with the same ratio is proved. By introducing the concept of the equivalent sensing radius, a novel algorithm for density control to achieve balanced energy consumption per node is thus proposed. Different from other methods in the literature, a new pixel-based transmission mechanism is adopted, to reduce the duplication of the same messages. Combined with the accessibility condition, nodes on different energy layers are activated with a nonuniform distribution, so as to balance the energy depletion and enhance the survival of the network effectively. Extensive simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm.
Contact Lens Visual Rehabilitation in Keratoconus and Corneal Keratoplasty
Authors: Ozkurt Yelda , Atakan Mehmet , Gencaga Tugba , Akkaya Sezen
Published: January 2012

Keratoconus is the most common corneal distrophy. It’s a noninflammatory progressive thinning process that leads to conical ectasia of the cornea, causing high myopia and astigmatism. Many treatment choices include spectacle correction and contact lens wear, collagen cross linking, intracorneal ring segments implantation and finally keratoplasty. Contact lenses are commonly used to reduce astigmatism and increase vision. There are various types of lenses are available. We reviewed soft contact lenses, rigid gas permeable contact lenses, piggyback contact lenses, hybrid contact lenses and scleral-semiscleral contact lenses in keratoconus management. The surgical option is keratoplasty, but even after sutur removal, high astigmatism may stil exists. Therefore, contact lens is an adequate treatment option to correct astigmatism after keratoplasty.
Quality of Life among Persons with HIV/AIDS in Iran: Internal Reliability and Validity of an International Instrument and Associated Factors
Authors: Razavi Pedram , Hajifathalian Kaveh , Saeidi Behtash , Esmaeeli Djavid Gholamreza , Rasoulinejad Mehrnaz , Hajiabdolbaghi Mahboube , Paydary Koosha , Kheirandish Parastoo , Foroughi Mahsa , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Mohraz Minoo , McFarland Willi
Published: January 2012

The purpose of this cross-sectional study on 191 HIV/AIDS patient was to prepare the first Persian translation of complete WHOQOL-HIV instrument, evaluate its reliability and validity, and apply it to determine quality of life and its associated factors in Tehran, Iran. Student'st-test was used to compare quality of life between groups. Mean Cronbach’sαof facets in all six domains of instrument were more than 0.6 indicating good reliability. Item/total corrected correlations coefficients had a lower limit of more than 0.5 in all facets except for association between energy and fatigue facet and physical domain. Compared to younger participants, patients older than 35 years had significantly lower scores in overall quality of life (P= 0.003), social relationships (P= 0.021), and spirituality/religion/personal beliefs (P= 0.024). Unemployed patients had significantly lower scores in overall quality of life (P= 0.01), level of independence (P= 0.004), and environment (P= 0.001) compared to employed participants. This study demonstrated that the standard, complete WHOQOL-HIV 120 instrument translated into Farsi and evaluated among Iranian participants provides a reliable and valid basis for future research on quality of life for HIV and other patients in Iran.
Fast Food Consumption and Food Prices: Evidence from Panel Data on 5th and 8th Grade Children
Authors: Khan Tamkeen , Powell Lisa M. , Wada Roy
Published: January 2012

Fast food consumption is a dietary factor associated with higher prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States. The association between food prices and consumption of fast food among 5th and 8th graders was examined using individual-level random effects models utilizing consumption data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-99 (ECLS-K), price data from American Chamber of Commerce Researchers Association (ACCRA), and contextual outlet density data from Dun and Bradstreet (D&B). The results found that contextual factors including the price of fast food, median household income, and fast food restaurant outlet densities were significantly associated with fast food consumption patterns among this age group. Overall, a 10% increase in the price of fast food was associated with 5.7% lower frequency of weekly fast food consumption. These results suggest that public health policy pricing instruments such as taxes may be effective in reducing consumption of energy-dense foods and possibly reducing the prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children and young adolescents.
Weekly Paclitaxel plus Capecitabine versus Docetaxel Every 3 Weeks plus Capecitabine in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Wist E. A. , Mjaaland I. , Løkkevik E. , Sommer H. H.
Published: January 2012

Background. We performed a randomized phase II study comparing efficacy and toxicity of weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/m2(Weetax) with three weekly docetaxel 75 mg/m2(Threetax), both in combination with oral capecitabine 1000 mg/m2twice daily for 2 weeks followed by a 1-week break.Patients. Thirty-seven women with confirmed metastatic breast cancer were randomized.Results. Median TTF was 174 (Weetax) versus 147 days (Threetax) (). Median OS was 933 (Weetax) versus 464 days (Threetax) (). Reasons for TTF were PD 8/18 (Weetax), 9/19 (Threetax); and toxicity: 8/18 (Weetax), 8/19 (Threetax). ORR was 72% (Weetax) versus 26% (Threetax) (). The Threetax-combination resulted in a higher incidence of leuco-/neutropenia compared to Weetax. Grade II anemia was more pronounced in the Weetax group. No difference was found in quality of life.Conclusion. Taxanes in combination with capecitabine resulted in a high level of toxicity. Taxanes and capecitabine should be considered given sequentially and not in combination.
On Some Applications of a Special Integrodifferential Operators
Authors: Saltan Suna , Özel Yasemin
Published: January 2012

Let be a Banach space of complex-valued functions that are continuous on , where is the unit disc in the complex plane , and have th partial derivatives in which can be extended to functions continuous on , and let denote the subspace of functions in which are analytic in (i.e., ). The double integration operator is defined in by the formula . By using the method of Duhamel product for the functions in two variables, we describe the commutant of the restricted operator , where is an invariant subspace of , and study its properties. We also study invertibility of the elements in with respect to the Duhamel product.