bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid catalysts in the esterification of frankincense cinnamic acid with ethanol and methanol
Authors: Sitorus Marham , Suyanti Retno Dwi , Jahro Iis Siti , Siahaan Suria Bersinar , Saragih Innovayani , Sitorus Francisca T. A
Published: May 2024

This research aims to compare the effectiveness of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid catalysts in the esterification of frankincense cinnamic acid (STYRAX paraleoncomud PERK). Esterification of sulfuric acid catalyst is carried out with ethanol and for hydrochloric acid catalyst with methanol. Esterification was carried out by refluxing a mixture of 1:20 cinnamic acid - ethanol and methanol, with 3 mL of each catalyst at a temperature of 60oC for one hour. The results were rinsed with 3 x 50 mL distilled water and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The results were filtered and verified for functional groups using FTIR and composition analysis using GC – MS. The results of FTIR interpretation show a decrease in absorption intensity (-OH) at 3500 cm-1 as a functional group that reacts compared to the ester results as an indication of the ongoing esterification reaction. The resulting ethyl cinnamate has a high conversion of 84.42%. Methyl cinnamate also has a distinctive ester aroma but is clearer and based on GC-MS, the content of methyl cinnamate is relatively low, namely 34.40%, the remaining cinnamic acid is 37.28%, and various side products of 28.32%. Thus, the catalyst that provides better conversion is sulfuric acid, but it requires further purification by examining the appropriate absorbent and bleaching agent. The brown color of the ester product catalyzed by sulfuric acid is thought to occur due to the oxidation of the cinnamic acid double bond by the catalyst.
Age-inclusive urban design: A review of sustainable retrofit strategies for elderly well-being
Authors: Yang Mei , Yaman Rostam , Ismail Farrah Zuhaira
Published: May 2024

As urban populations age, creating cities that cater to the needs of elderly residents becomes increasingly vital. This paper addresses the imperative to develop urban environments supporting the well-being of the elderly against a backdrop of changing demographics. With the proportion of elderly individuals steadily rising, the demand for age-inclusive urban design is more pressing than ever. The research question driving this study is: How can sustainable retrofit strategies contribute to age-inclusive urban design, considering the physiological and psychological characteristics of the elderly? Begins with examining the theoretical foundations of sustainable retrofit practices, shedding light on their significance and common objectives. Shortcomings in current urban retrofit practices are scrutinized, highlighting the gaps that need addressing. Integrating research on the physiological and psychological characteristics of the elderly, along with their distinct needs in outdoor environments, the review contributes to a nuanced understanding of age-specific urban requirements. A bespoke sustainable urban retrofit strategy for the elderly is conceptualized, rooted in the principles of urban design. Finally, acknowledging the challenges faced in achieving age-inclusive urban spaces and provides forward-looking recommendations.
Photovoltaic panels cooling technologies: Comprehensive review
Authors: Ibrahim Osama Abd Al-Munaf , Kadhim Saif Ali , Al-Ghezi Moafaq Kaseim Shiea
Published: May 2024

The solar radiation absorbed by photovoltaic panels is not fully utilized in the production of electricity. When the photovoltaic panels are exposed to solar radiation, part of the energy of the incident radiation is transformed into heat accumulated inside these panels. The heat accumulated inside the photovoltaic panels causes two types of losses. The first type of losses is the increase in the operating temperature of the panels and the deterioration of their efficiency and life span. The second type of losses explains that part of the energy of the incident radiation is transformed into heat inside the panels and does not contribute to the production of electrical energy. There are several cooling systems that have been applied to photovoltaic panels for the purpose of regulating their temperature including air, water, and nanofluid cooling systems, which are mostly done by placing a solar collector in the back side of the photovoltaic panels (PV/T). There is also a recently used system that uses phase change material (PCM) in cooling. This paper provides a comprehensive review of several cooling methods and their improvements that researchers have focused on. Through this review, it is clear that the best improvement in the performance of the photovoltaic panel occurs when using PCM because of the high heat transfer coefficient of these materials. Performance improves more when the addition of nanoparticles to the phase change material (PCM-Np) and also when merging (PCM) with (PV/T).
Experimental investigation of the energy efficiency of a linear compressor and comparison with a reciprocating compressor in a small refrigeration system
Authors: Kowalczyk Michał Jan , Romaniak Artur , Łęcki Marcin , Gutkowski Artur , Górecki Grzegorz
Published: May 2024

The conducted experimental studies of the linear compressor concerned the cooling capacity, efficiency, and Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER). Linear compressor performance tests were carried out for the supply voltage of 190–265 V and the supply frequency in the range of 45–65 Hz, which allowed the compressor to be tested outside its typical operating range. Modulation of the performance was achieved using an inverter. The full range of performance characteristics of a linear compressor was presented. The results were compared with a reciprocating compressor for similar displacement volume, which achieved lower EER values by an average of 38% for a pressure ratio above 1.7. The power consumption of a linear compressor is on average two times lower than that of a reciprocating compressor.
A review on research and application of multi-energy complementary system containing high proportion of renewable energy based on different attributes
Authors: Shi Jie , Zhang Yanni , Kong Deqiang , Liu Lian , Lu Yuanshen , Hooman Kamel
Published: May 2024

To better understand the latest development of renewable energy systems, recent studies on multi-energy complementary power systems with a high proportion of renewable energy are reviewed in this paper. The connection modes of power grids and economic system analysis are summarized and discussed respectively, putting forward some suggestions on the system design and operation optimization. Firstly, the characteristics and differences between an integrated system and an off-grid system are reviewed, concluding that an integrated system is more reliable and costeffective based on a few case studies. Secondly, the commonly used economic parameters and cost evaluation methods of the hybrid power system are reviewed. Those methods offer crucial tools to optimize the system, and they are able to analyze the system feasibility, enabling the most economical configuration. The results of several cases prove that the hybrid multi-energy system is more economical than the single-energy system. Finally, there are few articles focusing on technical details assessments and environmental impacts, which leaves room for future study.
Resources and potential for utilization of low-exergy heat from mung bean sprouts cultivation – case study
Authors: Mirek Paweł , Panowski Marcin , Słomczyńska Klaudia , Stanek Michał , Bąkowski Tomasz
Published: May 2024

Poland is a significant producer of vegetable sprouts, which, due to the high content of nutrients, are produced for food purposes. The cultivation cycle of these plants, especially the mung beans (Vigna radiata), is associated with significant exploitation of natural resources (as much as 275 dm3 of water per 1 kg of dry seeds) and requires appropriate temperature conditions. However, since producing of vegetable sprouts is an exothermic process, there are reasons to organize the growth conditions of these plants in a quasi-autonomous manner. Estimated preliminary studies show that during the entire period of sprout growth, as much as 2.86 MJ of heat from 1 kg of dry seeds can be used, which, taking into account the scale of production of these plants, places them among the significant sources of low-temperature waste heat. The paper presents the results of temperature measurements carried out in a growth chamber used for the industrial production of the mung bean vegetable sprouts. Based on the prepared energy balance, the total amount of heat generated (4.9 GJ) and recovered (3.3 GJ) in the seed germination process was determined. The amount of energy lost in the process of imbibition and the amount of heat needed to ensure optimal plant growth conditions were determined. The study shows that the use of low-temperature heat generated by plants allows for a significant reduction in the energy consumption of the production process.
The analysis of the stability of the Cauchy problem in the cylindrical double-layer area
Authors: Ciałkowski Michał , Joachimiak Magda , Mierzwiczak Magdalena , Frąckowiak Andrzej , Olejnik Aleksander , Kozakiewicz Adam
Published: May 2024

Ceramic protective coats, for instance, on turbine blades, create a double-layer area with various thermophysical properties and they require metal temperature control. In this paper, it is implemented by formulating a Cauchy problem for the equation of thermal conductivity in the metal cylindrical area with a ceramic layer. Due to the ill posed problem, a regularization method was applied consisting in the notation of thermal balance for the ceramic layer. A spectral radius for the equation matrix was taken as the stability measure of the Cauchy problem. Numerical calculations were performed for a varied thickness of the ceramic layer, with consideration of the non-linear thermophysical properties of steel and a ceramic layer (zirconium dioxide). A polynomial was determined which approximates temperature distribution in time for the protective layer. The stability of solutions was compared for undisturbed and disturbed temperature values, and thermophysical parameters with various ceramic layer thickness. The obtained calculation results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed regularization method in obtaining stable solutions at random data disturbance.
UPAYA MENGUATKAN LINK AND MATCH MELALUI PROGRAM SMK PUSAT KEUNGGULAN: STUDI KASUS SMKN 1 BANTUL
Authors: Adhis Tessa  , M. Alie Humaedi
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan fenomena job-education mismatch, khususnya di Kabupaten Bantul, dan mendalami proses keberhasilan sistem pendidikan SMKN 1 Bantul dalam menjawab persoalan dan memberikan solusinya. Selama ini job-education mismatch atau kesenjangan antara dunia pendidikan dengan dunia kerja masih menjadi tantangan dalam pengembangan sistem pendidikan vokasi secara berkelanjutan. Banyaknya lulusan SMK yang bekerja namun tidak sesuai jurusan atau bidang studi menunjukkan akar permasalahan bukan terkait infrastruktur pendidikan, melainkan persoalan keselarasan kurikulum pendidikan vokasi dengan kebutuhan dunia industri yang sering kali diabaikan. Penerapan sekolah kejuruan sebagai pusat keunggulan bagi SMK di berbagai tempat menjadi ikhtiar pemerintah mengatasi kesenjangan. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada penelitian kualitatif etnografi dengan fokus pada aspek-aspek terkait pengembangan kurikulum dan respons para civitas terkait penerapan sistem. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa sistem link and match yang dikembangkan SMKN 1 Bantul memberikan peluang besar bagi adanya solusi untuk job-education mismatch dan membangun kewirausahaan lulusan berdasarkan bidang studi kejuruan yang digelutinya.
PENERIMAAN PLATFORM MERDEKA MENGAJAR OLEH GURU DI KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Andika Dwi Putra
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menggambarkan penerimaan Platform Merdeka Mengajar di kalangan guru. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan Technology Acceptance Model. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner secara daring yang kemudian diolah menggunakan pendekatan Structural Equation Model, terdiri dari uji goodness of fit, uji confirmatory factor analysis, dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Technology Acceptance Model mampu dijadikan sebagai model analisis penerimaan Platform Merdeka Mengajar di kalangan guru. Penerimaan guru terhadap Platform Merdeka Mengajar dipengaruhi oleh persepsi kemudahan dan kebermanfaatan. Namun, manfaat yang didapat tidak signifikan memengaruhi motivasi intrinsik guru untuk terus menggunakannya, sehingga frekuensi guru dalam penggunaan Platform Merdeka Mengajar untuk menunjang kebutuhan seperti mengikuti pelatihan mandiri, berbagi praktik baik, dan memanfaatkan fitur lainnya relatif rendah. Terdapat beberapa upaya kebijakan pemerintah baik dalam skala nasional, provinsi, maupun kabupaten/kota yang direkomendasikan dalam meningkatkan optimalisasi penggunaan Platform Merdeka Mengajar secara ekstrinsik maupun intrinsik. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan dukungan pada setiap kebijakan sehingga penggunaan Platform Merdeka Mengajar dapat dioptimalkan dan membantu mewujudkan transformasi pendidikan secara nasional.
PENGARUH PROGRAM KAMPUS MERDEKA DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PERGURUAN TINGGI SWASTA
Authors: Alfarizi Muhammad , Wijaya Lianna , Maulida Ahmad Fikron
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi peran program Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka dalam meningkatkan mutu perguruan tinggi swasta. Program ini adalah strategi baru untuk meningkatkan mutu perguruan tinggi swasta sebagai lembaga pendidikan mandiri di era Masyarakat 5.0. Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui survei online kepada 227 mahasiswa perguruan tinggi swasta secara purposif. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modeling. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa program Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap budaya akademik, pengalaman mahasiswa, dan pengalaman dosen. Budaya akademik juga memengaruhi pengalaman dosen dan mahasiswa, tetapi tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan mutu perguruan tinggi. Mahasiswa dan dosen memiliki peran penting dalam meningkatkan mutu perguruan tinggi swasta. Selain itu, branding perguruan tinggi swasta berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan mutu, tetapi tidak berpengaruh pada kompetensi karier mahasiswa. Penelitian ini mendorong percepatan program untuk meningkatkan kualitas mahasiswa dan dosen sebagai penggerak utama dalam mencapai mutu perguruan tinggi swasta di Indonesia.
IN SILICO STUDY OF Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn. ACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN GLP-1R: POTENTIAL AS ANTIDIABETIC DRUG
Authors: Andriani T. , Mawaddah N. , Erlina L. , Anggraeni R. K. , Ibrahim N. , Siagian M.
Published: May 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to reduced insulin production and/or insulin resistance. GLP-1 can increase insulin secretion, improve insulin sensitivity, and lower the blood glucose levels by binding to the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). Several plants have been used as antidiabetic drugs. This study aims to see the interactions of the active compounds in Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. and GLP-1R in silico. The research started with internal validation of the receptor GLP-1 (6ORV), and then the native ligand was docked. The 6ORV receptor validation results have an RMSD value of 2.14Å. The results of docking scores of the 3 best active compounds Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. are myricetin-3-arabinogalactoside (-10.64 kcal/mol), tetra-O-methyljeediflavanone (-9.95 kcal/mol), and ethyl chlorogenate acid (-7.73 kcal/mol). The amino acids that contribute to the affinity at the active site of the ligand bond with the receptor are Trp 297, Trp 203, Met 204, Phe 230, Try 220, Lys 197. These findings indicate that the active compound Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. can bind directly to GLP-1R.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., GLP-1R
ABSTRAK
          Diabetes melitus merupakan gangguan metabolisme yang ditandai dengan kondisi hiperglikemia akibat produksi insulin yang berkurang dan atau kondisi resistensi insulin. GLP-1 dapat meningkatkan sekresi, sensitivitas insulin, dan menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dengan cara mengikat reseptor GLP-1 (GLP-1R). Beberapa tanaman telah digunakan sebagai obat antidiabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana interaksi senyawa aktif dalam Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. terhadap GLP-1R secara in silico. Penelitian dimulai dengan melakukan validasi internal reseptor GLP-1 (6ORV) kemudian dilakukan  proses docking terhadap native ligand. Hasil validasi reseptor 6ORV mempunyai nilai RMSD 2.14Å. Hasil score docking 3 senyawa aktif Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. terbaik adalah myricetin-3-arabinogalactoside (-10,64 kcal/mol), tetra-O-methyljeediflavanone (-9,95 kcal/mol), dan ethyl chlorogenate acid (-7,73 kcal/mol). Asam amino yang berperan terhadap afinitas pada sisi aktif ikatan ligan dengan reseptor adalah Trp 297, Trp 203, Met 204, Phe 230, Try 220, Lys 197. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa senyawa aktif Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. dapat berikatan langsung dengan GLP-1R.
Kata kunci: Diabetes melitus, Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., GLP-1R
Authors: Tea M. T. D. , Adu R. E. Y. , Moruk L. D.
Published: May 2024

Pewarnaan kain tenun Timor menggunakan pewarna alami menghasilkan warna kain yang kurang intens dan kurang stabil terhadap pencucian, sehingga membutuhkan proses mordanting menggunakan biomordan tannin dari kulit biji asam (Tamarindus indica L.). Beberapa faktor dapat mempengaruhi proses mordanting untuk memperoleh karakteristik warna kain yang tidak mudah luntur terhadap pencucian yaitu konsentrasi mordan, lama waktu, suhu dan teknik mordanting yang digunakan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan optimalisasi terhadap proses mordanting pada pewarnaan kain tenun Timor untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum dalam pewarnaan dengan mordan tanin dari kulit biji asam. Ekstraksi zat warna dan biomordan tanin dilakukan terlebih dahulu. Optimalisasi dilakukan terhadap teknik mordanting seperti pra, meta dan pasca mordanting. Variabel lain yang dioptimasi yaitu konsentrasi biomordan, suhu dan lama waktu mordanting. Parameter kualitas kain yang ditentukan setelah proses pewarnaan adalah ketahanan luntur terhadap pencucian yang diuji menggunakan Staining Scale Standard. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik ketahanan luntur kain tenun Timor yang diperoleh melalui pewarnaan secara alami menggunakan biomordan tanin kulit biji asam dipengaruhi oleh kondisi mordanting. Ketahanan luntur yang baik diperoleh pada penggunaan teknik pra-mordanting, konsentrasi biomordan 15%, waktu 120 menit dan suhu 95oC.
Kata kunci: biomordan, kulit biji asam, tanin, tenun Timor, warna alami
ABSTRACT
                   The natural dyeing of Timor woven fabrics produces products with less color intensity and less stability to washing, so it requires a mordanting process using bio-mordant tannin from tamarind seed coat (Tamarindus indica L.). Several factors can affect the mordanting process to obtain the characteristics of high color fastness of fabrics namely the mordant concentration, length of time, temperature and mordanting technique. In this study, optimization of the mordanting process for dyeing Timor woven fabrics was carried out to determine the optimum conditions for staining with tannin mordant from the tamarind seed coat. The extraction of dyestuffs and tannin bio-mordant was carried out first. Optimization is carried out on mordanting techniques such as pre, meta, and post-mordanting. Other variables that were optimized were concentration of bio-mordant, temperature, and length of mordanting time. The parameter of the fabric quality after the dyeing process is the color fastness to washing which is tested using the Staining Scale Standard. The results showed that the fastness characteristics of Timor woven fabrics obtained through natural dyeing using tamarind seed coat tannin bio-mordant were affected by mordanting conditions. A good color fastness was achieved by using the pre-mordanting technique, 15% bio-mordant concentration, 120 minutes, and 95oC temperature.
Keywords: bio-mordant, tamarind seed coat, tannin, Timor weaving, natural color
Authors: Anggraeni R. K. , Andraini T. , Erlina L.
Published: May 2024

Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (HSL) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang ada di Indonesia. Tanaman tersebut diketehui mengandung banyak senyawa aktif yang berkhasiat, seperti quercetin. Senyawa tersebut termasuk dalam golongan flavonoid yang diketahui berpotensi untuk menghambat aktifitas Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3? (GSK-3?). GSK-3? terlibat dalam berbagai aspek fungsi otak mulai dari perkembangan otak awal, hingga berbagai aspek fungsinya pada orang dewasa seperti perkembangan sinaptik yang tepat dan transmisi saraf. Disregulasi aktivitas GSK-3? baik pada perkembangan awal atau pada masa dewasa dapat menjadi predisposisi gangguan neuropsikiatri dan neurologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi, mengevaluasi serta mengeksplorasi afinitas dan interaksi molekuler antara senyawa aktif HBS terhadap GSK-3? dengan menggunakan simulasi penambatan molekuler secara in silico. Penelitian ini diawali dengan preparasi GSK-3? dan penetapan sisi aktifnya menggunakan ligan alaminya. Selanjutnya dilakukan studi interaksi molekuler antara senyawa aktif HSL terhadap sisi aktif GSK-3? dengan metode molekuler docking. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa Methyl_ epigallocatechin dan 3-Methylquercetin memiliki kemampuan untuk berikatan dengan GSK-3?. Dari hasil molekuler docking dan farmokokinetik dapat disimpulkan bahwa senyawa Methyl_ epigallocatechin dan 3-Methylquercetin berpotensi menjadi inhibitor kompetitif GSK-3? berdasarkan studi in silico.
Kata kunci: GSK-3?, Diabetes Melitus, Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.
ABSTRACT
                   Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (HSL) is one of the plants in Indonesia. These plants are known to contain many efficacious active compounds, such as quercetin. These compounds belong to the class of flavonoids which are known to have the potential to inhibit the activity of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3? (GSK-3?). GSK-3? is involved in various aspects of brain function from early brain development, to various aspects of its function in adults such as proper synaptics and nerve transmission. Dysregulation of GSK-3? activity either in early development or in adulthood can predispose to neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. This study aims to identify, evaluate and investigate the affinity and molecular interactions between HBS active compounds for GSK-3? using in silico molecular docking simulations. This study began with the preparation of GSK-3? and determination of its active site using natural ligands. Furthermore, a molecular interaction study was carried out between the HSL active compound and the active site of GSK-3? using the molecular docking method. The test results showed that Methyl_ epigallocatechin and 3-methylquercetin had the ability to bind to GSK-3?. From the results of molecular docking and pharmacokinetics, it can be concluded that the compounds Methyl-epigallocatechin and 3-Methylquercetin have the potential to become competitive inhibitors of GSK-3? based on in silico studies. 
Keywords: GSK-3?, Diabetes Mellitus, Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.
Authors: Sari N. L. S. , Laksono F. W. , . Salsabila , Kurniasari L.
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh suhu dan waktu pada rendemen ekstraksi berbantu gelombang ultrasonik daun jelatang (Urtica dioica L.). Sepuluh gram simplisia daun jelatang dimasukkan ke erlenmeyer dan ditambahkan 100 ml pelarut etanol 96% (1:10 b/v), kemudian diekstraksi dengan kombinasi suhu 30, 40, dan 50 oC selama 10, 20, dan 30 menit pada frekuensi 50 Hz. Berdasarkan riset yang telah dilakukan, rendemen tertinggi ekstrak daun jelatang adalah 8% dihasilkan pada suhu 40 °C dan waktu 30 menit. Sementara itu, rendemen terendah adalah 2% didapatkan pada suhu 30 °C dan waktu 10 menit. Hasil analisa fitokimia secara kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun jelatang mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan steroid. Selanjutnya sampel dianalisis menggunakan alat FTIR untuk mengetahui gugus fungsi yang ada pada ekstrak daun jelatang. Dari hasil analisis gugus fungsi tersebut diketahui bahwa ekstrak daun jelatang secara dominan mengandung senyawa fenolik di dalamnya.
Kata kunci: analisis fitokimia, analisis gugus fungsi, daun jelatang, ekstraksi ultrasonik.
ABSTRACT
                   This research aimed to analyze the effect of temperature and time on the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) yields of nettle leaf (Urtica dioica L.). Ten grams of simplicia was put into an Erlenmeyer and dissolved in 100 ml of 96% ethanol solvent (1:10 w/v), then extracted at a variation of temperatures of 30, 40, and 50 oC, during various times of 10, 20, and 30 minutes and with a frequency of 50 Hz. The results showed that the highest yield was 8% obtained at a temperature of 40 0C and an extraction time of 30 minutes, while the lowest yield was 2% gained at a temperature of 30 0C and an extraction time of 10 minutes. The qualitative analysis indicated that the extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and steroids. The most optimal sample from the phytochemical test results was then analyzed using the FTIR to determine the functional groups contained in the nettle leaf extract. From the FTIR results, it was concluded that the nettle leaf extract predominantly consisted of phenolic compounds.
Keywords: nettle leaf, ultrasound assisted extraction, phytochemical analysis, functional group analysis.
THE EFFECT OF THE D185 MUTATION ON THE STABILITY AND FUNCTIONALITY OF RUBISCO LIKE PROTEIN (RLP) FROM CHROMOHALOBACTER SALEXIGEN BKL 5
Authors: Sudarmanto I. , Rohman M. S. , Artama W. T.
Published: May 2024

In the case of Rubisco Like Protein (RLP) Chromohalobacter salexigen BKL 5 (RLP CS), which is halophilic, the presence of salt bridges (SB) is not too numerous but efficient enough to maintain stability in high salt stress. This study was to determine the effect of mutations SB at position 185 (D185/WT) on the stability and activity of RLP CS through an in-silico approach by replacing aspartic acid with glutamic acid and alanine (D185E and D185A). The methods used were Molecular Dynamics Simulations (MDS) and Molecular Docking (MD). The MDS was used to study molecular characteristics at the atomic level, while MD was for the interaction patterns of proteins and ligands. The results of the MDS analysis carried out at 10ns showed that the mutation at position 185 with alanine and glutamic acid changed the size/dimensional of RLP CS and affected its overall geometric structure. Interestingly, even though the structure has changed, the activity of the protein remains relatively constant, which is indicated by the results of MD, and has a relatively similar binding energy value of around -6.3 Kcal/mol. 
Keywords: Chromohalobacter salexigen BKL 5, molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation, mutation, saltbridge
FORMULASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MALAKA (Phylanthus emblica) DALAM SEDIAAN MASKER GEL PEEL-OFF
Authors: Mogan Agustina Bayo Inggirik , Arpiwi Ni Luh , Wirasiti Ni Nyoman
Published: May 2024

The use of facial masks is useful for softening the skin, nourishing and opening clogged pores, helping prevent premature aging, and reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Plants that can be used as active ingredients are malaka, or amla (Phyllanthus emblica L.), a natural source of antioxidants. This study aims to determine the content of phytochemical compounds in the ethanol extract of Malaka leaves, to analyze the antioxidant activity and IC50 of the ethanol extract of Malaka leaves, to determine the quality of the peel-off gel mask with the addition of the concentration of the ethanol extract of Malaka leaves and to find out which formulation is preferred by Probandus. The research design used a completely randomized design (CRD) using Malaka leaf extract with concentrations F0(0%), F1(1%), F2(2%) and F3(3%). The phytochemical content test of Malaka leaf extract showed the presence of flavonoids (0.467%) and tannins (10.97%). The antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of Malaka leaves was 1.3314% and IC50 was 30 ppm. The organoleptic test results for all preparations did not change during 5 weeks of storage, pH 5.37-5.54, the viscosity of the mask preparation was 50000-126000 cps, the peel-off gel mask preparation was homogeneous and did not . Statistical analysis of the
KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA DAN BERAT ORGAN REPRODUKSI MENCIT (Mus musculus) SETELAH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK BIJI KLABET (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Authors: Utama Maulidya Rosa Putri , Yulihastuti Dwi Ariani , Sudirga Sang Ketut
Published: May 2024

Indonesia is one of the countries known to have the highest biodiversity in the world. There are 18 types of herbs that have the potential as antifertility in men, one of which is the klabet plant or fenugreek. Klabet is believed by ordinary people to have properties to increase the production and quality of spermatozoa. According to previous research klabet has toxic effects that can inhibit fertility due to the content of phytochemicals in it. This study aims to determine the effect of fenugreek seed extract on the quality of spermatozoa and the weight of the reproductive organs of mice. The mice used were 20 male mice weighing about 25-30 grams divided into 4 treatments namely control (P0), 56 mg/kgBB (P1), 112 mg/kgBB (P2), 168 mg/kgBB (P3) with 5 repetitions. Giving treatment for 24 days. The method used is RAL (Complete Randomized Design) and the resulting  data is analyzed using ANOVA. The parameters studied were testicular weight, epididymis weight, motility, morphology and number of male mouse spermatozoa. The results showed that there was a real difference (p≤0.05) between the control and treatment of the klabet seed extract on the quality of spermatozoa and the weight of the testicle but not significantly different (p≥0.05) to the weight of the epididyimis. Concentration of mice spermatozoa decreased by 10.60%, progressive spermatozoa motility decreased by 55.61%, nomal morphology decreased by 57.92%, while testicular weight decreased by 38.46%. The most effective dose of fenugreek seed extract used as an antifertility agent was a dose of 168 mg/kgBW (P3).
LAMA WAKTU PENGHENTIAN KONSUMSI SOJU TERHADAP KADAR ALKOHOL HATI, MORFOLOGI HATI, DAN GAMBARAN HEMATOLOGI TIKUS PUTIH
Authors: Mileva Tiffany Angelita Putri , Sudatri Ni Wayan , Wijana I Made Sara
Published: May 2024

Alcohol consumption behaviors such as soju can increase metabolic syndrome disease. The elimination of alcohol in the body can determine the last time a person consumed alcohol through post-absorption assessment of alcohol. This study was conducted to determine changes in liver macroscopic morphology, liver alcohol levels and hematological features after stopping soju administration in white rats. The research design used was a complete randomized design with 4 treatments, namely the examination time P(0) 0 days, P(1) 3 days, P(2) 7 days, and P(3) 10 days. The methods used in this study are liver weight weighing, observation of macroscopic morphological conditions of the liver, examination of alcohol levels with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and hematological examination with haematology analyzer. The results showed that stopping soju for 10 days had a significant effect on reducing liver weight and reducing fatty liver, decreased alcohol levels, red blood cell count, PCV percentage and hemoglobin levels that returned to the normal range. While the number of white blood cells does not show any influence and the value is below the normal range.
Keywords: alcohol, liver,  blood profile, soju, white rat
KUALITAS AIR SERTA PERILAKU MASYARAKAT DALAM MENGELOLA LIMBAH PADAT DAN AIR LIMBAH DI SUNGAI AYUNG, KELURAHAN KESIMAN PETILAN KOTA DENPASAR
Authors: Purnama I G H , Suryadhi M A H Suryadhi , Rahmi N L M A S S B
Published: May 2024

Based on the development plan for Kesiman Petilan Village, Ayung River, starting from the Bridge on Jalan Sulatri to the Balitex Bridge on Jalan WR. Supratman – Denpasar City, will be arranged into a new water tourism spot. This new tourist location will contain water sports, restaurants, fishing spots and so on. The study aims to analyze the health risks of the bacteriological quality of water passing through the two segments of the Ayung River, as well as to examine the content of heavy metals Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), in sediments and fish caught in the river, as well as to determine the behavior of the surrounding community in managing solid waste and waste water. The study uses a quantitative descriptive design.
The results showed that overall, the content of Coliform and Escherichia coli in the Ayung River segment was above 10,000 MPN/100mL, far exceeding the quality standard allowed in Bali Governor Regulation Number 16 of 2016 concerning Environmental Quality Standards and Environmental Pollution Standard Criteria, especially in water, for water recreation tourism in Class II, which is 1000MPN/100mL, so that the water of the Ayung River is bacteriologically polluted. Likewise, the heavy metal content in river sediments exceeds the permissible standard. The content of heavy metals in caught fish and shrimp is still below the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 7387 of 2009 concerning the maximum limit of heavy metal contamination in food. In addition, people's behavior in disposing of solid waste and household waste water around the Ayung River still needs to be improved so as not to pollute the environment and the Ayung River. Therefore, efforts are needed to further deepen public knowledge and awareness in preserving the Ayung River.
Keywords: bacteriological, heavy metal, garbage, liquid waste, behavior, Ayung River
KUALITAS DAN STATUS MUTU AIR IRIGASI UNTUK PADI SAWAH DI SUBAK YEHEMBANG, KABUPATEN JEMBRANA, BALI
Authors: Sundra I Ketut
Published: May 2024

Research on the quality and status of irrigation water has been carried out for lowland rice in the Subak of Yehembang, Jembrana Regency, Bali.  The sampling technique was carried out by Purposive Sampling. The analysis was carried out for physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. The level of feasibility of the results are matched with class 1 Water Quality Standards based on the Bali Governor Regulation No. 16 of  2016, while the status of water quality is determined by the Storet Method based on the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 115 of 2003.
The results showed that in the rainy and dry seasons there were 3 parameters namely DO, BOD5, and Coliform Bacteria pass grade 1 water quality standards. For the quality status of Subak yehembang irrigation water for 4 locations during the rainy and dry seasons all are classified as moderately polluted
Keywords: subak, irrigation water, water quality, water quality statu.
Astronomy Education for the Persons with Disability: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Nawawi ‘Iffah Mohamad , Safiai Mohd Hafiz , Jamsari Ezad Azraai , Ashari Mohamad Zulfazdlee Abul Hassan , Ahmad Md. Yazid
Published: May 2024

Objective: This research is carried out to deliberate the involvement of disabled people in the field of astronomy as well as the role, contribution and importance of astronomy to them. In addition, this study also examines the initiatives which have been taken to reduce the gap between communities in guaranteeing equal rights in the aspect of education for those groups.
 
Method: This study is a qualitative study which employs an approach of document analysis, through a comprehensive search of academic databases, government reports, and grey literature, relevant studies were analyzed using thematic analysis.
 
Results and Discussion: The results of this study found a lack in the number of programs and activities carried out for disabled people in Malaysia in the aspect of astronomical science education, in addition to a lack of suitable instruments and facilities to enable these groups to gain exposure to astronomy.
 
Research Implications: This study is anticipated to widen government awareness and venues to people with disabilities in ensuring that they have equal access and opportunities for full participation in the implemented astronomical science programmes.
 
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by conducting a systematic review of the literature on astronomy education for the disabled person. The finding might have enlightened the needs of disabled people in astronomy education.
System obrony wybrzeża w 1939 roku. Jak wykonać niemożliwe rozkazy?
Authors:   Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Franz Maciej
Published: May 2024

The Second Polish Republic gained access to the sea. A war fleet was built for twenty years. For her needs, war ports were built, logistics facilities were expanded, and fortified areas were created. The Polish war fleet was the pride of the young Polish state. Maritime propaganda created by the Maritime and Colonial League made it, in the eyes of society, a powerful strength at sea. In 1939, no one had any doubt that the defence of the Baltic Sea coast and Polish war ports would be very difficult. Attempts have been made to build a Polish coast defence system for several years. The Hel Fortified Region was established; they were prepared to defend Gdynia and the Port of War in Oksywie. An important element was the preparation for the defence of Kępa Oksywska. The crew of the military transit depot at Westerplatte was strengthened. However, it was observed that the fleet did not have a safe base. There was a lack of aviation, appropriate land forces, and the Polish navy itself was too weak to face enemies. Tasks were set for sailors and soldiers. However, were orders to be carried out in September-October 1939?
Nowe trendy terroryzmu i możliwości podniesienia efektywności jego zwalczania
Authors:   Uniwersytet WSB Merito wPoznaniu, filia w Chorzowie, Czop Andrzej
Published: May 2024

Terrorism is not apermanent phenomenon, but aconstantly changing process. It is crucial to diagnose the causes and establish the determinants important in its evolution. Indicating which methods and forms of action are used by contemporary terrorists and figuring out what threats are posed to global security plays akey role here. The author conducted research aimed at answering these questions. At the same time, he pointed out the projects implemented around combating terrorism and what difficulties and challenges are faced by the authorities responsible for ensuring security, all in relation to the emergence of the latest trends in global terrorism. The result of the research led to the proposed directions of actions that should be taken to increase the effectiveness of preventing and counteracting acts of terrorism. They mainly apply to the activity of European Union member states, but also take into account the global nature of terrorism.
Developing Rainfall Intensity- Frequency- Duration Curves for Three Selected Sites in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Shajee Kareen , Hajani Evan
Published: May 2024

The relationship of rainfall intensity frequency duration (IFD) is one of the key tools used considerably in water resources engineering, whether for planning, designing, managing, and operating projects for water resources or flood control and management projects. The purpose of this study is to develop IFD curves at a site location for three selected governorates, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The current study covers rainfall data recorded over 30 years between 1991-2020 for three rainfall stations located within three governorates (i.e., Duhok, Erbil, and Sulaimaniya) in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The stationary IFD curves have been derived from fitting the three most commonly adopted probability distributions (namely, Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Gumbel, and Log Pearson Type 3 (LPT3)) for the three selected rainfall stations. The fit of the rainfall data to the three selected distributions has been assessed by employing three goodness-of-fit tests (i.e., Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), Anderson-Darling (AD), and Chi-Square tests). The results indicated that the three selected distributions fit the rainfall data at the three significance levels (10%, 5%, and 1%) for all three stations. Overall, it has been discovered that at-site IFD curve data derived from the GEV distribution are generally higher than curves derived from the LPT3 and Gumbel distributions.
Marathi Speech Emotion recognition using Deep Learning techniques.
Authors: Ketkar Akhilesh , Mishra Divyansh , Nirmal Madhur , Mulla Faizan , Narawade Vaibhav
Published: May 2024

In the project, an emotion recognition system from speech is proposed using deep learning. The goal of this project is to classify a speech signal into one of the five emotions listed below: anger, boredom, fear, happiness, and sadness. Snippets below from numerous Marathi movies and TV shows were used to construct the dataset for Marathi language samples which include 20 audio samples for anger, 19 for boredom, 5 for fear, and 11 for happiness. The proposed system first processes a speech signal from the time domain to the frequency domain using Discrete Time Fourier Transform (DTFT). Then, data augmentation is performed which includes noise injection, stretching, shifting, and pitch scaling of the speech signal. Next, feature extraction is performed in which 5 features were selected, which include Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), Zero Crossing Rate (ZCR), Chroma STFT, Mel Spectrogram, and Root mean square value. These features were then fed to a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The efficiency of the suggested system employing the CNNs is supported by experimental findings. This model’s accuracy on the test data is 80.33%, and its f1 values for anger, boredom, fear, happiness, and sadness are 0.85, 0.83, 0.50, 0.62, and 0.84, respectively.
Etnolingüística y descripción de lenguas amerindias: observaciones sobre los Ticunas (Amazonas)
Authors: Montes R. María Emilia
Published: May 2024

Resumen
Resúmenes trabajos de tesis
Authors: Lenguaje
Published: May 2024

Resumen
تولي أنجيلا ميركل وزيرة المرأة والشباب (كانون الثاني1991-تشرين الثاني1994)
Authors: عبد صالح مروج هادي , عبدالرحمن حارث
Published: May 2024

عُدّت أنجيلا ميركل من الشخصيات السياسية الطموحة على الصعد كافة، إذ حكمت ألمانيا ستة عشر عاماً، استطاعت خلال تلك المدة إحداث تغيرات جذرية كبيرة في المؤسسات العامة،  أهلتها تلك الاصلاحات بحق وعن جدارة اطلاق المؤرخين عليها (والدة الأمة الألمانية) وكذلك سُميت بـ(السيدة الحديدية الأوروبية).
     اثناء مدة الأحداث التاريخية وسقوط جدار برلين المصيري بالنسبة للألمان ، انضمت العالمة الشابة إلى صفوف القوة السياسية الشعبية “حركة الصحوة الديمقراطية”، ثم موظفة في جهاز حكومة جمهورية ألمانيا الديمقراطية ، وحضرت بصفتها الجديدة العديد من الاجتماعات التي عقدت في سياق الاستعدادات لضم الأراضي الشرقية. و بعد الوحدة الالمانية ، أصبحت عضوًا في البوندستاغ. ونظراً لإمكاناتها العالية التي لفتت انتباه رئيس الحكومة المنتخبة هيلموت كول عينها في منصب وزارة شؤون المرأة والشباب.
النشاط السياسي لصليب سامي في مصر 1930-1934
Authors: خلف الجبوري ابراهيم صبحي , محمد الجبوري طه خلف
Published: May 2024

يستعرض البحث حقبة رئيسية ومهمة من حياة السياسي المصري الشهير صليب سامي، وتحديداً دخوله العمل الوزاري في مصر، إذ بدأ بشغل منصب وزير الخارجية في وزارة إسماعيل صدقي عام 1933، ثم شغل منصب وزير الحربية في وزارة عبد الفتاح يحيى عام 1934، وقد بين البحث اهم المكاسب التي تمكن صليب سامي من تحقيقها خلال تولية تلك المناصب.
مركز احياء التراث العلمي العربي التأسيس والهيكلية
Authors: شاكر كوثر محمود , احمد محمد يحيى
Published: May 2024

يعد مركز احياء التراث العلمي العربي احد اهم المشاريع العلمية التي أسست  في العراق والتي هدفت إلى احياء التراث العلمي العربي وسط موجات الانفتاح والتغريب التي شهدها العالم ابان حقبة الحرب الباردة فاستهدف البحث الحفاظ على الهوية العربية للعراق من خلال رعاية تراثه العلمي العربي، فانصب جهد المؤسسين من المهتمين بالتراث العلمي العربي في جامعة بغداد لأجل تشكيل هذا المركز، وفي بحثنا هذا سندرس التأسيس والهيكلية منذ نشأة المركز ولغاية عام 2018.
Dinâmica de uso de polvos de crochê em recém-nascidos prematuros internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal
Authors: Dias Nathália Menezes , Cordeiro Leticia Regina Maia , Giroux Suziane de Souza , Neves Lima Soares Larissa , Moda Giulia Soares Mousinho , Vieira Liliane do Socorro Costa , Moura Pedro Gabriel Silva de , Moraes Thalia dos Santos
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência da equipe multiprofissional referente implementação do uso do polvo terapêutico em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Relato de experiência: Existem estratégias de políticas humanizadas que podem ser instituídas e melhoram a adaptação do recém-nascido com o meio inserido, inclusive durante a necessidade de internações em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. A implementação do uso do polvo de crochê em prematuros ocorreu por intermédio de doação de um projeto acadêmico à instituição hospitalar, houve capacitação da equipe multiprofissional e foram montados fluxos de uso adequado e esterilização. A equipe reconheceu que o uso polvo de crochê pode auxiliar na estabilização dos sinais vitais, redução de estresse, retirada de dispositivos de forma indevida entre outros. Considerações finais: Humanizar a assistência envolve estratégias que vão além dos procedimentos técnicos, sendo necessária uma abordagem biopsicossocial ao prematuro. Assim, construir ferramentas que possam padronizar processos de humanização pode ajudar a criar melhores vínculos assistencial de cuidado, suavizando o ambiente e trazendo conforto para mães, equipe e bebês.
Perfil de suscetibilidade de uropatógenos em gestantes de um município da Bahia: análise de 2013 a 2023
Authors: Nunes Naira Souza , Silva Neto Leônidas da , Oliveira Jamara Andrade de , Santos Carilan Moreira Souza , Menezes Lainara Hanna Bastos da Silva , Dobrachinski Leandro
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: Determinar o perfil de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana de uropatógenos em gestantes atendidas em um laboratório localizado na região oeste da Bahia. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, transversal e descritivo, realizado com 1.317 gestantes submetidas a urocultura e antibiograma no período de janeiro de 2013 a dezembro de 2023. Foram coletados dados abrangendo variáveis sociodemográficas, variáveis assistenciais, caracterização clínico-patológica. Foram incluídas todas as amostras que com crescimento bacteriano ≥10⁵ UFC/mL. Resultados positivos para crescimento fúngico foram excluídos. Frequências das variáveis foram determinadas, e o teste do Qui-quadrado foi aplicado para avaliar as associações. Resultados: Aproximadamente 70,8% apresentaram crescimento bacteriano. Dessas, 60,8% pertenciam à faixa etária de 21 a 30 anos, 93,5% relataram infecção antes da gestação, 57,2% haviam realizado tratamento recente para infecção do trato urinário, 29,8% apresentavam recorrência de infecção durante a gestação e 34,9% possuíam comorbidades. Além disso, 54,1% foram diagnosticadas ainda no 1º trimestre, sendo 84,3% assintomáticas. A E. coli (45,9%), Klebsiella sp. (11,4%) e E. faecalis (9,1%) foram os principais agentes etiológicos identificados. Conclusão: A alta incidência dessas condições destaca a importância do monitoramento, com ênfase na identificação precoce, principalmente no 1º trimestre, ressaltando a relevância da vigilância mesmo em casos assintomáticos.