bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural adjustment and tripartite consultation
Authors: Trebilcock Anne
Published: April 2007

Examines the effects of economic structural adjustment programmes on employers and workers. Advocates a tripartite consultation approach whereby workers’ and employers’ representatives are encouraged to participate alongside governments in economic and social policy formulation, from an early stage. Discusses the results of five case studies carried out by the ILO to assess the extent of tripartite co‐operation in Argentina, India, Mexico, the Philippines and Zambia. Concludes that the nature of tripartite consultation greatly reflects the type of labour relations system ‐ corporatist, pluralistic or emergent ‐ in a particular country. Makes suggestions for future improvements to the whole structural adjustment process.
Audit automation as control within audit firms
Authors: Manson Stuart , McCartney Sean , Sherer Michael
Published: April 2007

This paper explores the nature of audit automation as control within audit firms. The themes of the paper are control over the work process and audit staff, deskilling and resistance, and competition, which are analysed using the theoretical framework provided by Coombs et al., who applied Giddens’ structuration theory to research the impact of information technology in organizations. Building on a previous survey study we interviewed audit staff at all levels in two Big 5 audit firms. The results show that audit automation cannot be viewed simply as a technology for improving the quality and/or productivity of the audit process. It also has value as a symbol of the firm’s market competitiveness and hence helps to promote the firm both to clients and internally. In addition, the research shows that audit automation offers considerable opportunities for greater managerial surveillance and control, but at the same time it facilitates a less hierarchical and more informal organisational structure.
Quality improvement in the care of patients with hip fracture
Authors: Hallström Inger
Published: April 2007

The objective of the project was to achieve enhanced quality and efficiency of care to patients with hip fracture in an orthopaedic department at a county hospital in southern Sweden. A further aim was to create better use of resources by identifying and dealing with problems and no‐value‐added activities. The project adopted an approach based on the stages of Business Process Improvement, with the main outcome measures including flow charting overview and block diagram, process‐walking‐through, effectiveness, efficiency, and adaptability measurements and targets, observations and interviews with patients, relatives and professionals, and examination of care plans. Results showed that the care of patients with hip fracture can be improved, but that this would involve better collaboration among different professions and disciplines, standard care plans, and improved status for the patients.
TQM in dental practice
Authors: Harr Roger
Published: April 2007

Society now expects more from its doctors and dentists, and these increasing demands can be summed up in one relatively new term for the medical profession: “quality management” (QM). Doctors and dentists formerly took the view that their performance could be assessed solely on the basis of their technical skills, ethics and expertise, but are now confronted with a new social imperative, from outside the profession – quality management. The author, prizewinner of the European Quality Award 2000 describes his approach to introduce the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) Excellence Model in his dental practice. He shows that the EFQM model is well suited as a basis for a quality management system in healthcare.
Improving general practitioners’ assessment and management of suicide risk
Authors: Paxton Roger , MacDonald Fiona , Allott Rory , Mitford Peter , Proctor Susan , Smith Margaret
Published: April 2007

Standards for assessing and managing suicide risk were developed and incorporated into a guidance manual for general practitioners. The effects of the manual on opinions and practice were evaluated using a quasi‐experimental controlled before/after design, comparing participating general practitioners with others who did not use the manual. Thirty four general practitioners participated over a six‐month period. The intervention group showed changes in perceptions, with increased satisfaction with their own methods and in their recognition and assessment of suicide risk. Their practice changed, with increased recording of relevant factors in notes. The comparison group did not change in these ways. It is concluded that general practitioners’ practice and opinions in assessing and managing suicide risk were significantly improved using a minimal intervention. Given the importance of the topic and the small size of this study, further research is needed, examining changes in professional practice, knowledge and attitudes.
Quality Management Initiatives in Health Care:
Authors: Hore Jillian R.
Published: April 2007

A comparative study of the quality management procedures adopted in six
general hospitals in the UK, to examine different approaches to quality
management, the extent of involvement of diagnostic imaging departments
and the level of multi‐disciplinary working.
Empowerment: Management Dilemma, Leadership Challenge
Authors: Lowe Phil
Published: April 2007

There is a clear gap between the theory of empowerment and its practical
application. Drawing on research by Harbridge Consulting Group, examines
the problems inherent in implementing an empowerment initiative,
considering especially the demands made on managers. Individual managers
are seeing their supervisory and decision‐making roles eroded and,
despite opportunities to act as coaches and facilitators, may feel
threatened by, and unclear about, the empowerment process. Managers need
to be encouraged to see themselves as “leaders”, mobilizing and aligning
their staff, so that they become the engine of the process rather than a
potential impediment.
Releasing middle management potential: part 2
Authors: Dixon Philippa
Published: April 2007

Outlines some ideas to help companies create a culture which
supports middle management development. Ideas are based on research
findings among privatized companies and other academic research.
Presents a number of recommendations to encourage organizations to
re‐evaluate the role of their middle managers.
A challenge to managers: five ways to improve employee morale
Authors: Hopkins Hampton
Published: April 2007

Discusses employee development opportunities as a method of
improving employee morale and motivation on the job. The five
operational ways to improve employee morale are: social gatherings,
which include such activities as picnics, philanthropic work, and
parties; employee recognition, which includes awards, promotions and
thank‐yous; continuing education, which includes workshops and
conferences; employee meetings, which include complaint sessions,
brainstorming, and discussion forums; and empowerment, which includes
involving employees through responsibility.
Preparing for tomorrow
Authors: Benbow Neville
Published: April 2007

Examines the results of research to establish how leaders view
their development, their responsibilities and their succession, together
with their vision on social issues. Concludes that leaders have
recognized the gravity of external threat from global competition and
greater regulation. They are also aware of the need to broaden their
responsibility for employees, dependents and the immediate community.
Humanistic redesign and technological politics in organisations
Authors: Badham Richard , Garrety Karin , Kirsch Christina
Published: April 2007

The political nature of technology design and implementation is explicitly addressed in “human centred” projects to introduce technologies that support job enrichment, group autonomy and industrial democracy. Yet the political meaning of such projects does not simply manifest itself in pure form from the methods employed or the intentions of the humanistic actors but, rather, from the complex configuration of these and other factors present in the design and implementation context. Illustrates this theme in an analysis of a case study human centred project. Argues that an improved understanding of the configurational politics surrounding such projects is not only an important research area but is also of practical significance in improving humanistic and other interventions in innovation processes in modern organisations.
Solder joint reliability of plastic ball grid array with solder bumped flip chip
Authors: Ricky Lee Shi‐Wei , Lau John H.
Published: April 2007

A computational parametric study on the solder joint reliability of a plastic ball grid array (PBGA) with solder bumped flip chip (FC) is presented. The basic configuration of the PBGA is 27mm package‐size and 1.27mm ball‐pitch. There were three kinds of ball population: four‐row perimeter grid array with/without thermal balls, and full grid array. A total number of 24 cases, involving various chip sizes, chip thicknesses and substrate thicknesses, were studied. The diagonal cross‐section of the PBGA‐printed circuit board (PCB) assembly was modeled by plane‐strain elements and was subjected to uniform thermal loading. Through mismatch of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and lack of structural compliance, the solder joints were stressed to produce inelastic deformation. The accumulated effective plastic strain was evaluated as an index for the reliability of solder joints. The present study revealed the effects of aforementioned design parameters on the solder joint reliability of FC‐PBGA assemblies. Some peculiar phenomena were identified.
Mechanical properties of Pb/Sn Pb/In and Sn‐In solders
Authors: Kinzy Jones W. , Liu Yanqing , Shah Milind , Clarke Robert
Published: April 2007

The mechanical properties of eight solder alloys from the Pb‐Sn‐In‐Ag alloy systems were determined over the temperature range ‐200°C to 100°C, using uniaxial tensile tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), acoustic pulse methods and dilatometry. In general, the strength and elastic modulus of the alloys studied was inversely dependent on temperature. PbSn, PbIn and SnIn alloys were observed to turn superplastic with elongations over 100 per cent at temperatures of 50°C or above. The Pb‐based and In‐Sn eutectic solders possessed superplasticity at temperatures greater than 50°C. From these results, deformation and fracture processes are reviewed, and the appropriate fracture mechanism is proposed.
The impact of ISO registration on New Zealand firms’ performance: a financial perspective
Authors: Aarts Frank Martin , Vos Ed
Published: April 2007

The question that this study addresses is whether the shareholders of New Zealand firms benefit from the process of gaining ISO registration. Three major questions with regard to ISO registration within the New Zealand business context are raised. First, how do New Zealand public firms’ stock prices react to the announcement of ISO registration? Secondly, do ISO registered firms perform any differently to the New Zealand market on average? And finally, does the choice of certifying authority (organisation that awards ISO registration) have an influence on the subsequent performance of the ISO registered firms’ performance? This study is conducted from a financial perspective. The New Zealand market is found to have no reaction to ISO registration announcements; supporting the existence of semi‐strong market efficiency. ISO registered firms are found to perform below average when compared to the New Zealand capital market and the choice of certifying authority does hold influence on subsequent firm performance.
A visionary management model
Authors: Rampersad Hubert K.
Published: April 2007

Visionary management is a key issue for all organizations. It is a never‐ending journey toward competitive advantage. By making visionary thinking a part of your daily routine, you will integrate it into all aspects of your work. This should become your organization’s way of life. This article introduces a visionary management model, based on an ambiguous mission, vision, core values, smart goals, strategies, critical success factors, and related performance indicators. It is based on the most recent book of the author.
Delight makes the difference: the story of AT&T Universal Card
Authors: Hines Jerry
Published: April 2007

In March 1990, AT&T entered the credit card business under a
unique set of circumstances; from its first day in existence, the
company’s credit card subsidiary built itself up, based on total quality
management principles. While most firms embracing total quality
management have had to fit their principles into an already dynamic
business environment, AT&T Universal Card Services (UCS) has never existed without them. Thus, UCS’s story may provide a fresh
perspective for those interested in quality implementation. Coming into
an industry not noted for high levels of customer service, UCS saw that
it could distinguish itself by focusing in this area. A formalized
programme for collecting a broad array of information from customers
helps UCS keep apprised of what customers value in their credit card
companies. Processes are in place for applying this information and
measuring the company’s performance in key customer‐impacting areas.
UCS, which won the Malcolm Baldrige national quality award in 1992, is
currently the second‐largest issuer of bank credit cards in the USA with
15 million accounts. The company credits its use of total quality
management for its business success – and is confident the same
methods will continue to serve it well in its increasingly competitive
future.
Maintaining organizational memories
Authors: Miyashiro Marc
Published: April 2007

Discusses how short termism and downsizing respectively negate and disperse an organization’s knowledge base of past lessons. Stresses the importance of creating structures to capture memories which can help in evaluating proposals for the future. Highlights the usefulness of an ongoing assessment process, such as ISO 9000, for creating the shared experiences which form the building blocks or organizational memory. Presents two brief, illustrative case studies.
Inside the black bag
Authors: Miyashiro Marc
Published: April 2007

Reports two contrasting complementary perspectives on the evolving quality tool kit. Offers, first, an approach to creative teamwork and organizational learning using enhanced tools that foster collaboration through shared space, and second, a theoretical framework called total performance management. Claims the total performance management approach provides a more effective context for applying tools already at our disposal, and that it is critical to building successful improvement programmes which deliver bottom‐line results to companies.
TQM implementation in New Zealand service organizations
Authors: Sullivan‐Taylor Bridgette , Wilson Marie
Published: April 2007

Studies various approaches used in total quality management (TQM) implementation in four mid to large service organizations in New Zealand. The research was conducted through a qualitative field study, using in‐depth interviews of in‐house trainers and internal and external quality consultants, as well as structured questionnaire responses from employees within the service organizations. Finds the existence of certain unique New Zealand workplace variables that influence the effectiveness of TQM implementation when foreign‐based implementation literature is followed. The extent to which Deming’s philosophies and principles are practised in New Zealand is decreasing as more prescriptive and contemporary approaches to TQM implementation have become available. In practice, the role of training is not the main tool for implementation in the organizations studied, however, it does have a key role to play. Finds that experiential applied learning methods are predominant in New Zealand TQM implementations, as opposed to the traditional classroom‐style training.
The monitoring and improvement of productivity in health care
Authors: Kreitz Carol , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: April 2007

Considers the monitoring of productivity in the health care
environment. Examines especially the development of a labour standard
and a volume indicator. Sees the whole as a management tool for
controlling staffing requirements and costs. Investigates the question
of methods improvement, involving all staff, should the standard fail to
be met. Discusses increased training, procedure scheduling, investment
in equipment, incentives, reduction of paper work, physician
utilization. Cautions that the implementation of change must not be
vitiated by internal politics and concludes that that which gets
monitored gets controlled.
Medical rationing as a health care strategy
Authors: Wayland Gay , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: April 2007

Notes the problem of rising health care costs in the USA. Considers a highly controversial solution to this problem, which is to consider health care as a scarce resource and to ration access to it. Whether rationing is done by age, ability to pay, or a cost‐benefit analysis, the very concept contradicts the US belief in the right to health care. Other industrialized countries currently ration health care through a National Health Insurance Plan. Points out that, in the USA, individual states are beginning to consider health care rationing to combat shrinking budgets and increasing demand for services.
Trading in post‐crisis Russia: customizing payment options to facilitate trade
Authors: Orlova Olga , Williams Russell
Published: April 2007

Finnish‐Russian trade has declined to 7‐8 per cent of Finland’s exports by volume. In spite of this decline, and the most recent Russian crisis (August 1998), the Russian market still offers great potential by virtue of its sheer size, proximity and the experience Finnish business has in international operations with Russia. The case made here though is that, before Finnish firms can take advantage of these three factors it needs to adapt (customize) the payment options it offers to its Russian buyers. Thus, instead of the favored settlement being made totally by prepayment, mixing pre‐payment and payments against documents satisfies better both parties – importer and exporter – in this post‐crisis era. This conclusion is, moreover, transferable to countries other than Finland either engaged in, or pursuing, international operations with Russia.
Why managers fail in Post‐Soviet Russia: causes and lessons
Authors: Longenecker Clinton O.
Published: April 2007

The former Soviet Union is presently going through a period of unprecedented economic and organizational change. In this “wild market”, many Russian organizations are struggling to compete and adapt. During the decade of the 1990s Russian managers have had to develop new skills and business practices to lead their organizations. Many managers have successfully made this transformation but managerial failure is also common place. This article explores the primary causes of why managers fail in this post‐Soviet era based on a survey of 174 Russian managers and offers specific lessons on management development for organizations operating in modern Russia and Eastern Europe.
Globalisation or Europeanisation of business activity? Exploring the critical issues
Authors: Floyd David
Published: April 2007

Many debates have taken place on the question of globalisation. Critics have suggested that most of the changes in the market place are a regionalisation phenomena or indeed a Europeanisation issue rather than cases of globalisation. This article attempts to see whether this situation is truly apparent by tracing back the many definitions and approaches to globalisation and its impact on the business organisation. It also contrasts the cases for Europeanisation in terms of business activity as well as the concept of regionalisation. The paper further explores the key theoretical debates and suggests which of these is likely to be more appropriate in view of the increased globalisation likely to take place in the future.
The Impact of the Single European Market on Cross Border Mergers in the
UK Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Jansson Kenneth , Kirk‐Smith Michael , Wightman Stephen
Published: April 2007

Cross‐border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) are one way in which EC
companies are meeting the challenge posed by the competitive threats of
the Single European Market. Research in mergers has tended to look at
the theoretical and statistical aspects of merger strategies. There is a
lack of empirical data on the actual reasons that the companies have for
their actions. The present study reports the results of the first
empirical investigation into how UK manufacturing firms view their
merger strategies. A sample representing 70 per cent (34 companies) of
all M&A activity in UK manufacturing companies in 1991 responded to a
questionnaire on their respective M&As. The data presented include their
reasons and expectations, perceived barriers to Continental M&As, the
alternative uses of capital considered and differences between small and
large companies (< >£500 million T/O). Also presents M&A preparation times,
the significant correlation between merger size and time may be useful
in planning future M&As. Finally, discusses the comparison of these
companies′ strategies with merger theory, e.g. as regarding synergies,
whether these strategies are appropriate long‐term strategies compared
with alternatives or are a response to short‐term pressures for growth.
The true cost of e‐purse – a Mondex perspective
Authors: Burdett David
Published: April 2007

Argues that the predicted explosion in electronic commerce will be facilitated by low value transactions. Highlights the need for transaction costs to be equally low for this to take place. Two distinct types of electronic cash schemes are evaluated; cleared electronic cash payments schemes such as Proton, GeldKarte, VisaCash and CEPS and non‐cleared payment schemes such as Mondex. Looks at the similarities and differences of the two approaches and the economies of scale that can be achieved by processing high volumes of transactions. Argues that the cost of running cleared payment schemes increases in proportion to the number of purchases being made whereas for non‐cleared schemes such as Mondex they are likely to remain fairly static.
Large deflection analysis using an energy method
Authors: Grießer M.T.
Published: April 2007

Alternative differential equations to the heavy elastica equations are given and discussed. These differential equations are used for the solution of large deflection problems of flexible strips such as fabric.
Drape formation based on geometric constraints and its application to skirt modelling
Authors: Dai Xiaoqun , Furukawa Takao , Mitsui Shigeru , Takatera Masayuki , Shimizu Yoshio
Published: April 2007

Drape is a characteristic behaviour of flexible cloth, so it is important in modelling cloth. The paper introduces a novel method to model drape using a few shape parameters, predicted according to the pattern structure and mechanical properties of cloth. The technique is used to visualize the 3‐D drapeability of cloth and is then extended to simulation of a skirt. The general shape of a flared skirt of large deformation is predicted based on several shape parameters. Moreover, the constructed skirt model is used as pre‐draped initial shape for the popular physically‐based model – particle system. Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) plots of cloth are applied for accurate mechanical calculation. The simulated results show good agreement with actual cloth materials.
The effect of a durable flame‐retardant finishing on the mechanical properties of cotton knitted fabrics
Authors: Mamalis P. , Andreopoulos A. , Spyrellis N.
Published: April 2007

Some of the basic mechanical characteristics such as tensile, bending, shear, compression, and surface properties of cotton knitted fabrics after a durable flame‐retardant finishing, were studied by the objective‐evaluation method developed by Kawabata and Niva using the KES‐F system. In addition, properties such as bursting strength, drape and sewability were studied in order to further explore the influence of this treatment on the fabrics. All treated fabrics were flame‐retardant but their mechanical properties showed changes as a result of the above finishing. More specifically, a significant reduction in the bending and shear properties was recorded, which suggests that the flame‐retardant finishing primarily affects the above characteristics.
Fractal Geometry – A New Tool for Textile Design Development Applications in Printing
Authors: Neves Jorge , Neves Manuela , Janssens Katja
Published: April 2007

Seeks to integrate the complete design process beginning with a design created with the mathematical perception of fractal geometry, followed by the introduction of these images into CAD systems and its adjustment to the technical and aesthetic limitations of the printing industry. The result is an artwork created on a pure mathematical basis using the most recent techniques of computer‐aided textile design.
A Study of Factors Affecting Fabric Cover‐shelter Properties
Authors: Meiwu Shi , Kan Lai , Mu Yao , Yan Zhang
Published: April 2007

The theoretical analysis indicates that the main factors of cover‐shelter properties of fabrics are cover factor of fabrics, fabric thickness, optical reflectance and absorbance of yarn. With a combination of distances and luminances, 512 experiments have been made to find out the relationship between the least distinguishable distance and reflectance coefficient.
Difficulty with Shingosen: A View from an Analysis of Fabric Hand
Authors: Kawabata Sueo
Published: April 2007

Reports on Shingosen, its status and further potential with regard to fibre, fabric and apparel.
Towards automated testing of fabrics
Authors: Potluri Prasad , Porat Isaac , Atkinson John
Published: April 2007

Fabric testing has progressed from subjective hand evaluation to very sophisticated instrumental techniques. Examines past developments and suggests some future directions in this area. Reports research work being pursued by the present authors in developing automated test systems.
FAST – Fabric Assurance by Simple Testing
Authors: Giorgio Minazio Pier
Published: April 2007

Describes the FAST system, developed by CSIRO for quality control and assurance of fabrics. FAST, or Fabric Assurance by Simple Testing, consists of a series of instruments and test methods which are inexpensive, robust and simple to use. It measures properties which are closely related to the ease of garment making‐up and the durability of worsted finishing. FAST‐1 gives a direct reading of fabric thickness over a range of loads with micrometre resolution. FAST‐2 measures the fabric bending length and its bending rigidity. FAST‐3 measures fabric extensibility at low loads as well as its shear rigidity. FAST‐4 is a quick test for measuring fabric dimensional stability, including both the relaxation shrinkage and the hygral expansion.
Workplace design and loadings in the process of sewing garments
Authors: Bezjak Zdenka , Knez Blaz
Published: April 2007

Presents some factors that influence the design of workplace and worker loading in the process of sewing garments. Researches both existent and suggested work methods in workplace design and worker’s loading, with regard to sewing men’s shirts. The use of the suggested working method enables minimization of measured working time of the analysed technological operation of 21.77 per cent. The estimation, by OVACO working postures analysing system, the OWAS method shows that worker’s loading for a newly designed workplace compared to the suggested working method brings, in principle, advantages for the workers.
Objective evaluation of a stabilized garment parts handle
Authors: Gersak Jelka , Saric Andreja
Published: April 2007

Presents the objective evaluation of a stabilized garment parts handle, based on determination of mechanical and physical properties of fabrics using the Kawabata Evaluation System. Parameters that influence the handle are shown on the basis of 16 parameters of mechanical and physical properties of shell fabric, interlining and fused panel.
Marker making in small clothing companies ‐ Part 2
Authors: Hands Cathy , Hergeth Helmut H.A. , Hudson Peyton
Published: April 2007

Describes the history of CAD systems as well as their benefits and costs for a clothing company. Presents and analyses results of a survey concerning the use of CAD systems for marker making in the clothing industry of the USA. Describes environmental and cost aspects of CAD marker making and makes recommendations for small clothing manufacturers.
The dynamics of fabric drape
Authors: Postle Ron , Rebecca Postle Jacqueline
Published: April 2007

The buckling behaviour of engineering materials has been researched extensively since the 1890s and more recently, thin shell theory has generalised the analysis to include complicated boundary conditions. However, the approximations and assumptions which form the basis of engineering models make them inappropriate for textile materials. Very small stresses on textile materials cause extremely large strains so that the deformations are highly nonlinear. In this paper, we develop a nonlinear mathematical method. In the final section, the nonlinear differential equations used are generalised into a nonlinear evolution equation which is completely integrable and thus solved analytically obtaining dynamical solution for three‐dimensional fabric drape. These analytical solutions are applicable under all conditions and are not subject to computational difficulties associated with finding numerical solutions for highly nonlinear problems. The use of this analytical approach to fabric mechanics and dynamics provides us with a very powerful tool to formulate and solve many long‐standing problems in fabric and clothing technology.
Selection of suitable sewing needle using machine learning techniques
Authors: Stjepanovic Zoran , Strah Helena
Published: April 2007

Selection of suitable sewing needle is one of the most important parameters for ensuring an effective and fault‐free sewing process. This task requires good knowledge of basic characteristics of a sewing needle, i.e. needle type, point shape and needle fineness. Also good knowledge of sewing materials is required. The contribution presents an analysis of important parameters that influence the sewing needle selection in women’s underwear production. The importance of those parameters in ensuring the appropriate seam quality is described. The selection of a suitable sewing needle was carried out on the basis of analysis of influential sewing parameters with application of machine learning from examples.
Objective evaluation and prediction of properties of a fused panel
Authors: Jevsnik Simona , Gersak Jelka
Published: April 2007

The paper presents the objective evaluation and prediction of properties of a fused panel. A system for automatic knowledge acquisition from a given set of examples presents an alternative way to build a knowledge base to determine the quality of a fused panel. On the basis of analyses of influential factors of fused panel quality the learning and testing set of examples to predict the bonding strength of fused panel has been formed.
Electrohydraulic rock blasting for mining in urban areas
Authors: Magno Muniz e Silva Carlos , Stellin Jnr Antoˆnio , Guedes da Costa Edson , Theodoro Hennies Wildor
Published: April 2007

Conventional rock blasting promotes many negative environmental impacts including ground vibration, flying rock, air blast, and the emission of noise, dust and gases. An unconventional alternative process is the application of electrohydraulic principles. Electrohydraulic blasting is able to create a state of fracturing and rupture in the rock, almost instantly. A high current impulse generator produces the energy, without the above environmental impacts caused by conventional explosives. It is particularly suitable for application in urban areas. The paper describes laboratory experiments, theoretical analysis, consideration of the geomechanical criteria of rock failure and analysis of the electrical parameters of impulse generators related to rock fragmentation. The laboratory experiments included geomechanical and electrohydraulic tests on limestone samples from 50kg up to 150kg. The test results show satisfactory efficiency and energy losses.
Environment, tourism and land use planning – Riachinho Basin, Brazil
Authors: Giovana Parizzi Maria , Nunes Menegasse Velasquez Leila , Uhlein Alexandre , Roberto Antunes Aranha Paulo , Martinho Gonçalves Jomir
Published: April 2007

Santana do Riacho County, in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, is located in an area known for its natural beauty. The growth of tourism has been the main economic activity of this area. In order to achieve organized land occupation and self‐sustained development, thematic maps of the physical environment were elaborated. Analysis of the water sources supply and recreation have been completed. The risk of water contamination has increased, caused by the increase of tourism activities in this area, added to by local authorities policy. The analysis of all the thematic maps and of the quality of the water sources supply of the area, lead us to develop proposals for land use planning and zoning, adequate for the local conditions and the vulnerability of the underground water contamination. These issues are important concerning the local development and also land use, caused by the tourism activities.
Chemically modified low cost treatment for heavy metal effluent management
Authors: Saravanane R. , Sundararajan T. , Sivamurthy Reddy S.
Published: April 2007

The removal efficiency of lead [Pb(II)], zinc [Zn(II)], nickel [Ni(II)] and chromium [Cr(VI)] from aqueous solutions by adsorption on non‐conventional materials (rice husk and sawdust) in its natural form and on their chemically modified form is presented. It is found that adsorption potential varies as a function of contact time, concentration, particle size, pH and flow rate. Of all the low cost adsorbents used in this study, sawdust is found to possess greater adsorption efficiency for all metals than rice husk under identical experimental conditions. Chemically activated sawdust could remove 95 percent of Pb(II), 93 percent of Zn(II), 80 percent of Ni(II) and 75 percent of Cr(VI) from the metal bearing industrial effluents.
Utility based framework for material and process selection in the integrated chain management of polymers
Authors: Mellor Warren , Williams Elizabeth , Stevens Gary , Clift Roland , Azapagic Adisa
Published: April 2007

This paper presents a framework for modelling polymer material flows through industrial processes with a focus on the recovery, re‐use and recycling of waste polymer materials within a life cycle approach. This is achieved by comparison of material characteristics at all points in the system with defined requirements or options. Conditional criteria are implemented as direction indicators that drive the flow towards feasible process operations and successful application in the use phase across many life cycles.
Aerosols and global warming
Authors: Colbeck Ian
Published: April 2007

Aerosols play an important role in the radiative balance of the atmosphere. While sulphate aerosols are recognized as the dominant contributor of tropospheric aerosols over and near industrialized regions, smoke aerosols containing soot or elemental carbon are regarded with increasing importance on a global basis. The fate of carbonaceous aerosols is at present poorly understood as a result of various atmospheric processes. This paper examines the effect of morphology on the physical and chemical properties of atmospheric aerosols, in the context of fractal theory. The use of a fractal dimension to describe aggregate morphology enables more accurate modelling of sedimentation and optical characteristics.
Logistics Integration in Horizontal Mergers and Acquisitions
Authors: Häkkinen Lotta , Norrman Andreas , Hilmola Olli‐Pekka , Ojala Lauri
Published: April 2007

In this article, we describe the integration of logistics after Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As) of firms within the same industry and, same industry level (i.e. horizontal M&As). First, we present a review of the literature on M&As and conclude that operational issues, in general, and logistics issues, in particular, have received little attention. In parallel with the literature review, we conducted an exploratory survey of Swedish and Finnish manufacturers that had accomplished horizontal M&As during 1995‐2001. The aim of the survey was to find out how management perceives the importance of logistics issues in M&As and also, how difficult it is to realize synergies in logistics. Finally, we present a framework for further studies and the analysis of the interrelationship between logistics and M&As.
Building the Resilient Supply Chain
Authors: Christopher Martin , Peck Helen
Published: April 2007

In today's uncertain and turbulent markets, supply chain vulnerability has become an issue of significance for many companies. As supply chains become more complex as a result of global sourcing and the continued trend to “leaning‐down”, supply chain risk increases. The challenge to business today is to manage and mitigate that risk through creating more resilient supply chains.
An analysis of the virtual value chain in electronic commerce
Authors: Bhatt Ganesh D. , Emdad Ali F.
Published: April 2007

In electronic commerce, businesses require to integrate two kinds of activities – ones that are embedded into the physical value chains and the others that are built through information into the virtual chain. Although the relative importance of these two kinds of chain depends on the characteristics of the products and services, their integration, nevertheless, plays a critical role in the success of e‐commerce. In e‐commerce, more and more value chain activities are conducted electronically, therefore, businesses should understand the implication of the virtual value chain activities. The virtual chain offers a number of distinct advantages over the physical value chain. Some of these advantages lie in forging alliances between customers and manufacturers, advertising products and services selectively with effects of audio, video, and graphics, and saving time and money in efficiently processing customer orders and enquiries. Besides, e‐commerce offers flexibility in option pricing and customization of products and service, by reducing the constraints of time and space.
CLASIC: Collaborative LAyered System using Intranet Capabilities
Authors: Abraham Dolphy M. , Seal Kala C.
Published: April 2007

Discusses the use of intranet technology within business and academic institutions. Presents the CLASIC model, a layered application model to plan, design, develop and implement systems intended to support collaborative activities in an organization using intranet capabilities. Discusses how the model can be adapted to one type of institution in an academic context. Provides a framework to assist planners as they contemplate the use of the intranet and identifies the issues faced when attempting to implement the CLASIC model. Suggests strategies and provides a basis to plan for changes in organizations.
Web portfolio based electronic commerce: the case of transtec AG
Authors: Loebbecke Claudia , Schäfer Stefan
Published: April 2007

While the Internet promises to radically change businesses in all industries, European companies have not yet embraced electronic trading with the enthusiasm of their North American counterparts. Only a few pioneers have successfully established Web services that are fully integrated into the enterprise’s business processes and hence create business value. One of these pioneers is transtec, a German medium‐sized manufacturer and direct distributor of computer systems, storage solutions and computer accessories. The transtec case is an example of a successful Web‐portfolio based electronic commerce application. It illustrates how essential it is to create transparency by integrating the entire system architecture with internal and external communication and business processes. Having started with a general corporate information system and a comprehensive electronic product catalogue, transtec’s Web presence evolved to become one of the best performing online order‐systems in Germany.
Customer care and logistics at Pitney Bowes
Authors: Fletcher Len
Published: April 2007

Discusses customer care as a vital ingredient of Pitney Bowes′
success – keeping the customer totally satisfied and the
importance of staff training, especially for pre‐empting potential
problems and handling the computer system. Sees the supply chain as a
fundamental element of the customer satisfaction programme.
On the effectiveness of on‐line repair policy: quality failure costs perspective
Authors: Shin Dooyoung , Min Hokey
Published: April 2007

Examines the effectiveness of the line‐stop (on‐line) repair policy over traditional off‐line repair policy through two mathematical models developed based on total quality failure costs (TFC). The proposed models demonstrate that the TFC framework can be a valuable performance measure for evaluating the contribution of the line‐stop repair policy. The computational results also show that the line‐stop policy can bring substantial savings over the off‐line repair policy.
The perspective of suppliers on lean supply in a developing country context
Authors: Arkader Rebecca
Published: April 2007

This paper deals with the perspective of autoparts suppliers in the Brazilian automotive industry on advances and barriers to renewed buyer‐supplier relations under lean production practices, as uncovered by a comprehensive case study research. Suppliers perceived advances in the relationships as far as operational issues were concerned, but less so in terms of strategic issues. They also identified both organizational, firm‐specific barriers and environmental barriers originating in the peculiarities of the local economic and business environment. These results are discussed in view of the dyadic relationship with buyers, leading to the identification of elements that help to formulate an explanation for the recent path of buyer‐supplier relations in the Brazilian automotive industry.
Total quality management in a research and development environment
Authors: Brennan Louis
Published: April 2007

Investigates the role of management processes versus individual aptitudes in today’s corporate US technological research and development (R&D) function. The research reported in this paper assesses the application of TQM in R&D by focusing on historical issues, recent business trends and the backgrounds, experience and attitudes of technical personnel. The methodology is twofold, incorporating a literature review and case study. The outcome of the research is considered in the context of the implementation of TQM within an R&D facility.
Productivity and profitability trends in an environment of reform
Authors: Oluleye A.E. , Olajire K.A.
Published: April 2007

Work systems usually have to be appraised in relation to set objectives. A primary objective is to increase productivity. Productivity increases help to ameliorate the attendant inflationary pressures that drive the vicious cycle of increasing costs. In this work, we examine the performance of two print media work systems in an environment of structural reform in a developing economy. The first is privately owned, while a government agency owns the majority stake in the second. We review the productivity and profitability trends and recommend a relaxation of the existing rigid pricing regimes imposed by the regulatory agency. Differences arising from the performance of both organisations are partly traceable to the quality of the work force, level of capacity utilisation, pricing regimes, technology of production employed and skills development training schemes adopted.
A computer‐aided inventory management system – part 2
Authors: Liu C.Y.D. , Ridgway Keith
Published: April 2007

Describes the second stage in the development of a computer‐aided
inventory management system (CAIMS) for PRESTO Tools Ltd, Sheffield.
Describes the development of modules for calculating the re‐order level
and economic batch quantity. Reviews the inventory control policies of
the company and discusses the various options available to the company.
The final part of the article describes and evaluates the operation of
the system.
Assessing leadership potential: fast track to school leadership
Authors: Tomlinson Harry , Holmes Gary
Published: April 2007

Summarises the research into an approach to selecting teachers for fast tracking into headship. There is an initial consideration of the political context in which the research was conducted. The research process is fully described and an analysis of the evidence is presented, together with the conclusions. This process required the selection of highly effective primary school headteachers to benchmark a diagnostic instrument, the selection of teachers judged to have high potential for headship but who would not meet the criteria for starting the National Professional Qualification for Headship, and the use of the diagnostic instrument to measure their potential for headship. This qualification will become mandatory for all headteachers being appointed to their first headship in England and Wales. The explanation of the results and the model complete the analysis. The appendices present evidence and models as a basis for future research.
Administrators’ perceived role vulnerability ‐ A comparison of centralized domesticated and decentralized undomesticated organizations
Authors: Nir Adam E.
Published: April 2007

In what way is administrators’ perceived role vulnerability (PRV) related to the organization’s structural characteristics? A comparison of administrators’ PRV is made of “domesticated” centralized public schools and “undomesticated” self‐governed community centers, both operating and serving children and parents in the same neighborhoods. The findings obtained indicate that school administrators perceive vulnerability to be greater than do community center administrators. These findings are rather surprising considering that public schools are not involved in competition for clients. It is therefore argued that much depends on the degree of autonomy and flexibility that administrators have and that introducing competition to schools has to be synchronized with the autonomy and freedom of action delegated to school administrators.
Real Estate Finance: France, Germany and the UK
Authors: Maguire Damien , Axcell Andrew
Published: April 2007

Identifies the main sources of equity and debt finance into the three
largest European property markets – France, Germany and the UK.
Identifies major investment groups, and highlights differences in
sources of funding and methods of debt and equity financing of property
in the three countries.
Logistics customer service: performance of Irish food exporters
Authors: Collins Alan , Henchion Maeve , O’Reilly Paul
Published: April 2007

Customer service in logistics, through its direct impact on a firm’s market share, its total logistics costs and ultimately its profitability, is a critical determinant of competitiveness. Examines what customer service means from a logistics perspective and traces out UK retailers’ changing requirements. It provides the results of a survey which investigates the importance UK grocery retailers place on particular elements of customer service and assesses Irish food exporters’ relative performance, vis‐à‐vis their competitors on the UK market. A comparison of these results with previous research by the same authors concerned with Irish food exporters’ internal measurement of customer service finds that Irish food exporters are perceived to lack flexibility by their grocery customers and that internal measures of customer service are limited. Furthermore, the measures exporters employ for monitoring purposes are not appropriately aligned with those logistics variables which UK retailers consider important. Reconfiguring the supply chain with respect to inventory location is found to be one means of improving perceived flexibility.