bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AVALIAÇÃO DE COMUNICABILIDADE EM PUBLICAÇÕES DIGITAIS MULTIPLATAFORMAS: caso "Cascaes no MArquE"
Authors: PAULINO Rita De Cássia Romeiro , EMPINOTTI Marina Lisboa
Published: July 2018

Este artigo analisa a comunicabilidade em publicações digitais multiplataformas através do estudo do caso "Cascaes no MarquE", produzido pelos autores para contar histórias do folclorista Franklin Cascaes e conectá-las com trabalhos do pesquisador atualmente no Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia (MarquE), da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Para se verificar a efetividade do processo interativo foi aplicado o método de avaliação de comunicabilidade em 26 alunos do ensino fundamental de Florianópolis para se avaliar a experiência do usuário enquanto navegam na publicação digital. Os resultados identificaram 13 pontos de ruptura, isto é, dificuldades na compreensão ou execução das seis tarefas propostas para a análise. A taxa de êxito, no entanto, foi de 75,62% do total, sugerindo facilidade de interação do público selecionado com Publicações Digitais Interativas, o que pode fortalecê-lo enquanto formato aplicado à Educação.
O JORNALISMO COMO NARRATIVA DO PRESENTE: reflexões e relatos de práticas e processos
Authors: MEDEIROS [Editora Convidada] Ana Lúcia , SOUSA Joana Belarmino de
Published: July 2018

A Revista Latino-americana de Jornalismo – ÂNCORA disponibiliza a sua sétima edição [V.4 N.2] sob o título “O JORNALISMO COMO NARRATIVA DO PRESENTE: reflexões e relatos de práticas e processos”, incentivando tanto a exploração das discussões clássicas sobre o tema, como as produções contemporâneas que participam ou dialogam com esse conjunto de questões.Organizar este número da revista constituiu-se num desafio de grande monta. Desafio que principiou com a tarefa de substituirmos a experiência, a perícia e a vasta competência do professor Pedro Nunes, editor da revista desde a sua criação em 2014, e que passou às nossas mãos o nobre trabalho de edição da mesma, a partir de 2017.Ainda nesses primeiros parágrafos, gostaríamos de fazer um agradecimento especial ao professor Pedro Nunes, pela generosidade, cuidado e colaboração sistemática que nos ofertou ao longo desses meses, o que tem se constituído em auxílio inestimável a fim de que houvéssemos chegado até aqui. É, pois, ao professor Pedro Nunes, que dedicamos este número de Âncora, com os seus acertos, mesmo com as falhas, que são alertas necessários para que nos inspiremos em sua força de vontade, disciplina e trabalho árduo, a fim de mantermos e consolidarmos o patamar de excelência que ele começou a construir para a nossa revista.Comecemos então com uma breve apresentação do nosso dossiê temático, que contou com a participação da pesquisadora Ana Lúcia Medeiros, como editora convidada, cujo entusiasmo e trabalho árduo foram fundamentais para o êxito e a qualidade do dossiê. A ordem das publicações deu ao mesmo uma arquitetura singular. Num primeiro bloco, estão três artigos mais reflexivos, os quais, em certa medida, dialogam entre si. O segundo bloco enfeixa cinco artigos de ordem mais técnica e prática, ainda que, todos eles, primem pela argumentação e a reflexão teóricas.
Expansão Tecnológica de um Serious Game Voltado ao Ensino de Geometria Plana Baseado no Geoplano
Authors: Da Silva Ingrid Luana Almeida , Silva Deynne A , Moraes Ronei M. , Machado Liliane S.
Published: July 2018

Serious Games são uma categoria especial de jogos que possuem um propósito que vai além da diversão, e por isso podem ser utilizados para promover propaganda, conscientização, ensino e treinamento. O GeoplanoPEC e o GeoplanoMob são serious games educacionais, baseados nas atividades realizadas em um tabuleiro chamado Geoplano, desenvolvidos pelo Laboratório de Tecnologias para o Ensino Virtual e Estatística (LabTEVE) da UFPB. Esses serious games buscam apoiar o aprendizado de geometria plana e o GeoplanoPEC foi desenvolvido considerando as configurações dos computadores das escolas públicas da Paraíba, enquanto que o GeoplanoMob foi desenvolvido considerando os telefones celulares com capacidade de executar aplicativos gráficos. Na época em que os serious games foram implementados, essas plataformas não possuíam muita capacidade computacional e, devido a essa limitação, os jogos tiveram que direcionar sua jogabilidade para o trabalho com perímetros de quadrados. No GeoplanoPEC, a disputa acontece através do desenho de quadrados com perímetro obtido através da multiplicação da face de dois dados e pode ocorrer entre dois jogadores ou entre um jogador e o computador, no qual as jogadas do computador são realizadas por uma inteligência baseada em redes Bayesianas do tipo Naive Bayes. O GeoplanoMob foi desenvolvido para uma plataforma ainda mais limitada quando comparada aos computadores pessoais. Dessa forma não foi possível implantar o sistema inteligente naquela versão do jogo, ocasionando numa alteração no desafio que passou a consistir na realização individual de desenhos a partir de instruções fornecidas por um personagem do jogo. O avanço tecnológico das plataformas móveis e a proliferação destas no ambiente escolar tornou possível a elaboração de uma nova versão dos jogos para a plataforma Android, que expande as funcionalidades das versões anteriores. Com o objetivo de ampliar o escopo de sua utilização nas escolas, a nova versão explora o perímetro e a área de formas geométricas como quadrados, losangos, retângulos, paralelogramos, trapézios e triângulos.
Simulação e teoria das filas aplicadas na análise dos encaminhamentos de pacientes SUS para a especialidade médica de angiologia
Authors: Silva Raphael Kaeriyama e , Moraes Eric Magalhães , Mota Nancy Val y Val Peres da , Mourad Rodrigo Gouvea
Published: July 2018

O objetivo central deste trabalho consiste em abordar a problemática das filas de encaminhamentos médicos do SUS através de uma análise baseada na teoria das filas. A fim de propor soluções para tal problema, foi construído um modelo de simulação no software SIMUL8 Professional que contém, dentre outras, as informações do processo de chegada do paciente à fila e da capacidade de atendimento médico. Para o processo de chegada foram levantados os dados históricos da formação da fila incluindo a taxa de absenteísmo e para o processo de atendimento foram considerados: agenda média, distribuição dos tempos de consultas e outros fatores. Visto que o sistema se encontra instável, ou seja, a demanda supera a capacidade, há formação de fila. Através da técnica da simulação probabilística utilizada com o SIMUL8 observamos que o parâmetro do problema que mais impacta na otimização do fenômeno em questão é a taxa de atendimento médico.
Keragaan F1 dan Heterosis Karakter Agronomis pada Beberapa Persilangan Padi Beras Merah
Authors: Muliarta Aryana I Gusti Putu , Ketut Sudarmawan Anak Agung , Santoso Dan Bambang Budi
Published: July 2018

Study on the effect of heterosis is important in order to find potential parent for creating a new superior variety. This research was aimed to study the phenotipic expression of F1 and heterosis on agronomics characters some crossed red rice. Experiment was done at a paddy field in Nyurlembang, West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara during August–November 2016, and it was arranged in a randomized block design of 12 genotypes as treatment with five replications. Genotypes evaluated were Fatmawati, IPB3S, G9(F2BC4P19-36), F1-Fatmawati/Inpago Unram-I, F1-Fatmawati/G9, F1-IPB 3S/Inpago Unram-I, F1-IPB 3S/G9, F1-Inpago Unram-I/Fatmawati, F1-G9/Fatmawati, F1-Inpago Unram-I/IPB 3S, and F1-G9/IPB 3S. The results showed that based on the F1 phenotipic performances and heterosis on grain weight per hills, yield, 1000 grain weight, number of grain per panicle, length of panicle, number of productive tiller per hill, and time of flowering, there were three genotypes that had a semi ideal type of red rice with high yield potential. The genotypes were F1-Fat/G9, F1-Inpago Unram-I/IPB 3S, and F1-IPB 3S/Inpago Unram-I.

Keywords: diversity, agronomic, yield, red rice
Kendali Genetik Karakter Morfologi dan Agronomi pada Tiga Populasi Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)
Authors: , Trikoesoemaningtyas , Wirnas Desta , Saragih Ery Leonardo , Rini Erin Puspita , Sari Mayang , Marwiyah Siti , Sopandie Dan Didy
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

 
Sorghum is one of the potential foods with a higher protein content than rice. Sorghum seeds can be milled and cooked as sorghum rice. This study was aimed to obtain information on the inheritance of morphological and agronomic characters from the population derived from crosses of wide genetic background. The study consisted of the formation of F1 population and evaluation of morphological and agronomic characters in the segregated population (F2) of the three selected F1 genotypes. The location of the research was at IPB Experimental Field, Leuwikopo. The performance of the F1 genotypes were between the two parents, except for the yield components of PI-150-20-A x Numbu and PI-150-20-A x Kawali were higher than the parental lines. The performance of the F2 generation population was also between the parental lines, but with a wider distribution. The sorghum seed color is controlled not only by additive and dominant gene action, but also by epistatic gene action. The character of seed weight per panicle is controlled by epistatic gene action. In the F2 population of the crosses of PI-150-20-A x Numbu and PI-150-20-A x Kawali and PI-10-90-A x Numbu, the seed weight character is inherited with moderate heritability value. Based on genes action dan heritability, bulk or single seed descent method are suitable for yield improvement of the populations.

Keywords: gene action, heritability, seed color, segregation, sorghum
Potensi Abu Sekam Padi untuk Meningkatkan Ketahanan Oksidatif Non-enzimatik dan Produksi Padi Merah pada Cekaman Kekeringan
Authors: Rachmawati Diah , Mona Monika Ni Luh Gde , Masruroh Dan Ulfatul
Published: July 2018

Drought inhibits several physiological process and induces oxidative stress due to the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly in photosynthetic apparatus. Silicon (Si) is known to increase tolerance of rice against drought stress.  However, long period of intensive crop cultivation depleted the available soil Si by approximately 11-20%. Rice husk ash (RHA) is potential Si source. The objective of this research was to analyze the potency of RHA through pot experiment to observe: 1) internal water balanced; 2) integrity of cell membrane and  antioxidant content; and 3) production of tolerant cultivar ‘Segreng’ and sensitive one ‘Cempo merah’. Application of RHA was at level of 0, 4, and 8 tons ha-1. Drought stress was imposed by with holding water until soil water content reached 50% of field capacity (moderate stress) and 25% of field capacity (severe stress). Application of RHA significantly increased leaf relative water content and membrane stability index of rice ‘Segreng’ and ‘Cempo merah’. Tolerant cultivar ‘Segreng’ had better response than ‘Cempo merah’ as shown by greater leaf relative water content under moderate and severe stress. RHA application at level of 8 tons ha-1 increased index of membrane stability and level of antioxidant (AAred and α-tocopherol) which determine production of both rice ‘Segreng’ and ‘Cempo merah’ during drought.

Keywords: antioxidant, field capacity, membrane stability, segreng cultivar, α-tocopherol
Pendugaan Kehilangan Hasil pada Tanaman Padi Rebah Akibat Terpaan Angin Kencang dan Curah Hujan Tinggi
Authors: , Dulbari , Santosa Edi , Koesmaryono Yonny , Sulistyono Dan Eko
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Rice lodging due to incident of extreme weather, i.e., combination of strong winds and high rainfall is eviden in Indonesia. However, yield loss in the area is rarely studied. In order to estimate yield loss on rice, a model for calculating the yield reduction was developed. The objective of present study was to analyze the effect of strong winds and high rainfall incidents on yield loss of rice in the field. The study was conducted at the Sawah Baru IPB, Bogor, Indonesia from February to April, 2016 on rice plots severe from natural incident of strong wind and high rainfall. The results showed that rice lodging from strong wind and high rainfall formed patterns and specific formations. We determined four major lodging formations,  five lodging degrees, and eleven different patterns due to wind direction. Overall, lodging occured on research area of 27.6% with production loss up to 11.89%. This research showed that estimation of yield loss due to incident of extreme weather could be conducted in the level of field based on area of coverage and degree of lodging. Application of the model on wider area needs further evaluation.

Keywords: Agronomic character, extreme weather adaptation, modelling, lodging, rice variety
Kesesuaian Galur-Galur Harapan Kedelai untuk Tumpangsari Jagung + Kedelai
Authors: Sundari Titik , Mutmaidah Dan Siti
Published: July 2018

Intercropping is one way of increasing land productivity. The research was aimed to determine the suitability of soybean promising lines for maize + soybean intercropping based on land productivity assessed by land equivalent ratio (LER). The research was conducted at Kendalpayak Station Research, Malang, in February to May 2016, using factorial randomized block design, repeated three times. The first factor was cropping system (monoculture and intercropping), the second factor was 55 soybean genotypes. Spacing for maize in the intercropping system was 2.2 m x 0.5 m x 0.2 m, and for soybean was 0.35 m x 0.10 m. In monoculture, spacing for maize was 0.75 m x 0.25 m and for soybean was 0.35 m x 0.10 m. The results showed there was five genotypes suitable for intercropping of maize + soybean based LER value, ie G//IT7-3, M0706//MI196-3, M0706//MI197-4, M0706//MI199-1, and M0706//MI199-2, with LER value of more than 1. Intercropping of maize with these soybean lines, gives a higher land productivity than monoculture.

Keywords: Glycine max (L.) Merrill genotype, monoculture, land equivalent ratio, Zea mays
Karakter Agronomi Galur Padi Dihaploid Asal Kultur Antera Hasil Persilangan Three Way Cross
Authors: Syafii Mohammad , Sapta Purwoko Bambang , Saraswati Dewi Iswari , Bayuardi Suwarno Dan Willy
Published: July 2018

Anther culture is useful tool in rice breeding. The technique shortens the time to obtain full homozygous plant in just one generation. Information related to genetic variability among the regenerants is important for further analysis including selection activities. The objective of this study was to analyze agronomic character variability and yield potential among doubled-haploid lines (DH0) derived from anther culture. This study was carried out in Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (BB Biogen) from October 2016 to February 2017. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Forty eight doubled haploid lines derived from anther culture and three check varieties were evaluated. The results showed high genetic variability as well as broad sense heritability (more than 90%) for all variables tested. Several lines showed superior agronomic characters compared to check (Ciherang, Inpari 18, Inpago 10). Anther culture could generate high genetic variability for further selection.

Keywords: anther culture, broad sense heritability, haploid technology
Perubahan Komposisi Gulma pada Sistem Tumpangsari Padi Gogo dengan Kedelai di Lahan Pasir Pantai
Authors: Putra Fajrin Pramana , Yudono Prapto , Waluyo Dan Sriyanto
Published: July 2018

Weeds can reduce upland rice yields in coastal sandy area. Density and growth of weeds can be controlled and reduced by an intercropping system between upland rice with soybeans. The study aimed to determine the weeds composition change and weeds biomass in various crop proportions of upland rice and soybean under intercropping. The research was conducted from December 2016 until March 2017, at coastal sandy soil of Samas, Bantul, Yogyakarta (8°00’03.5”S and 110°15’20.1”E). This study used a complete randomized block design (RCBD) with one factor and three replications. The treatments were crop proportions of upland rice and soybean under intercropping with 6 levels, such as 100:0 (upland rice monoculture), 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80, and 0: 100 (soybean monoculture). The results showed that there was weeds composition changes due to setting crop proportions of upland rice and soybean under intercropping at coastal sandy soil. Weed of sedges, grass, and broadleaf were found throughout the experimental plots, but varied in number and type of weeds among experimental plots. Weeds condition differed among the soybean proportion treatments < 40% and  ≥ 40%. The average community coefficient value was <75% which was dominated by Digitaria nuda and Eragrostis tenella under soybean proportion treatments < 40%, and Ludwigia parviflora and Amaranthus lividus under soybean proportion treatments ≥ 40%. The linear model was established between the increase of soybean proportion to a decrease in dry weight of weeds as Y = -0.6624X + 67.699; R2 = 0.7224).

Keywords: crops proportion, intercropping, weeds community
Kemiripan dan Potensi Produksi Aksesi Pohpohan (Pilea trinervia Wight.) dari Beberapa Daerah di Jawa Barat
Authors: , Sopiana , Susila Anas Dinurrohman , Syukur Dan Muhamad
Published: July 2018

Pohpohan (Pilea trinervia Wight.) is potential indigenous vegetable to be developed as a commercial vegetables. The objectives of this research were to observe similarity and production potential of pohpohan landraces from several areas in West Java. Result based on cluster analysis at nine similarity scale, thirteen exploration pohpohan landraces were grouped into three clusters. Clusters I consisted of Warung Loa, Tugu Selatan, Palasari, Langensari, Kayu Ambon, Lebak Muncang, Situsari, Sukalilah and Lebaksiuh. Clusters II consisted of Curug Rendeng, Argalingga and Linggarjati and clusters III was Bobojong. Result from further test using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT), Warung Loa is a leading landrace because showed the best result on plant height, primary branches number, leaf width, yield per plot and plant productivity.

Keywords: Cluster analysis, exploration, indigenous vegetable
Deliberate selection of rocks in the construction of the Gummingurru Stone Arrangement Site Complex, Darling Downs, Queensland
Authors: Piotto Elena L , Ross Anne , Perryman Cassandra , Ulm Sean
Published: July 2018

This paper uses statistical analyses to examine the hypothesis that the creators of the Gummingurru Stone Arrangement Site Complex, southeast Queensland, deliberately selected rocks, based on size and shape, for the production of motifs at the site. As Gummingurru is an Aboriginal site, the literature that frames the research concerns Aboriginal cultural Law and worldviews. However, because the data are archaeological measurements, quantitative statistical methods are also employed. These quantitative results demonstrate deliberate selection of rocks occurred in the construction of four of the motifs at Gummingurru. We conclude that there are archaeological signatures of human behaviour in response to the requirements of cultural Laws with respect to the choice of raw materials, at least in stone arrangement sites.
Phosphino-Triazole Ligands for Palladium-Catalysed Cross-Coupling
Authors: Zhao Yiming , van Nguyen Huy , Male Louise , Craven Philip , Buckley Benjamin R. , Fossey John
Published: July 2018

Twelve 1,5-disubtituted and fourteen 5-substituted 1,2,3-triazole derivatives bearing diaryl or dialkyl phosphines at the 5-position were synthesised and used as ligands for palladium-catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. Bulky substrates were tested, and lead-like product formation was demonstrated. The online tool SambVca 2.0 was used to assess steric parameters of ligands and preliminary buried volume determination using XRD obtained data in a small number of cases proved to be informative. Two modelling approaches were compared for the determination ofthe buried volume of ligands where XRD data was not available. An approach with imposed steric restrictions was found to be superior in leading to buried volume determinations that closely correlate with observed reaction conversions. The online tool LLAMA was used to determine lead-likeness of potential Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling products, from which ten of the most lead-like were successfully synthesised. Thus, confirming these readily accessible triazole-containing phosphines as highly suitable ligands for reaction screening and optimisation in drug discovery campaigns.
El rol de las fuentes en las noticias
Authors: Rotelli Nicolás
Published: July 2018

Este artículo busca identificar y analizar la presencia de las fuentes informativas en las noticias publicadas en la prensa gráfica argentina. Conocer la acción de las fuentes es importante para una mejor comprensión del proceso de construcción de la información que circula en los medios, ya que una parte significativa del contenido es producida con la intervención de las relaciones públicas. Por ello, el artículo se propone identificar y explicar el rol de las fuentes institucionales, analizando la presencia de este tipo de fuentes en las noticias con relación a dos variables: la temática a la que se refieren las noticias y los medios en que estas fueron publicadas. Esto tiene el objetivo de observar si la presencia de la fuente permanece estable o se modifica cuando cambia la temática de la noticia o el medio.
Medios rojos y espectadores azules: cuando las audiencias deciden emigrar. Selectividad ideológica de las audiencias ante la estatización de la información en Venezuela
Authors: Fernández Carmen Beatriz
Published: July 2018

En Venezuela, el régimen populista-autoritario creó una nueva arquitectura comunicacional, en donde el esquema nacional de medios favoreció a la voz oficial. El empeño se consolidó en el 2013, al asumir Nicolás Maduro la presidencia tras la muerte de Hugo Chávez. Después de ese control hegemónico de los canales de medios, las audiencias venezolanas comenzaron a migrar a otros canales de medios no tradicionales, incluidos los digitales, que alcanzaron, para el caso venezolano, números muy altos. Este documento evalúa cómo las audiencias han ido migrando de plataformas informativas, en la medida en que el mensaje oficial emitido desde el gobierno iba tomando espacios; a la vez, resalta la importancia de los canales alternativos, basados, entre otras fuentes, en datos internos del canal de televisión oficial de la oposición en YouTube, así como en estadísticas y datos primarios de investigaciones de opinión pública.
La investigación en el programa de Derecho. Avance hacia la cultura investigativa
Authors: Baracaldo Amaya Diego Alejandro
Published: July 2018

Abogado egresado de la Universidad del Rosario. Especialista en Derecho público, Ciencia y Sociología Políticas de la Universidad Externado de Colombia. Conciliador con título otorgado por la Cámara de Comercio de Bogotá. Cursando la Maestría en Derecho administrativo de la Universidad del Rosario. Docente, investigador y conferencista en la Universidad del Rosario y Autónomade Colombia. Consultor empresarial en temas de Derecho administrativo y contratación estatal. Coordinador de investigaciones y director de la línea de investigación en Estudios de Derecho Constitucional y Administrativo “opus iuris” (Colciencias: Cvlac y Gruplac - Código col0064131) de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Autónoma de Colombia. Coautor de la obra intituladaEl principio de igualdad y no discriminación a la luz del Derecho internacional de los derechos humanos (2008). Participó como juez en el XIV Concurso Interamericano de Derechos Humanos realizado en la American University Collage of Law, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Estados Unidos de América (2009). Conjuez de la Sección Tercera del Tribunal Administrativo de Bogotá y Cundinamarca.
Cooperación, alianzas estratégicas e internacionalización de la universidad colombiana
Authors: Rodríguez Ortega Julio Armando
Published: July 2018

Este artículo identifica una de las más importantes tendencias de la educación superior en la actualidad, asociada con la acreditación de calidad, con el prestigio de las instituciones, con la viabilidad económica de sus programas. Se materializa en la existencia de contenidos y métodos docentes, actualizados e innovadores y enla generalizada valoración y reconocimiento institucional a nivel internacional. Seprecisa cómo el énfasis de dicha internacionalización se expresa fundamentalmenteen la movilidad de estudiantes y docentes, a través de convenios de cooperación y el desarrollo de programas de estudio conjuntos, a través de alianzas estratégicas
Para una comprensión del crimen de guerra en el marco del Derecho Penal Internacional
Authors: Huertas Diaz Omar
Published: July 2018

Este artículo pretende dar una visión sobre los crímenes de guerra y su tratamiento en los tribunales más relevantes del mundo, de manera que se pueda determinar su incidencia y su problemática frente a hechos ocurridos en el marco deun conflicto armado internacional o un conflicto armado interno. Se tiene en cuenta los inicios, las características y los casos de mayor relevancia histórica, como vía para entender su tipología y tratamiento frente casos históricos que han conmovido e impactado la opinión del mundo entero, por la barbarie y el salvajismo de ciertas prácticas promovidas por individuos que deberían pretender la paz y la salud pública.
Acerca de la homogenización de contratos internacionales
Authors: Flórez Gacharná Jorge
Published: July 2018

Con ocasión del proceso de internacionalización y globalización de la economía iniciado en la década de los noventa y la promulgación de la Constitución de 1991, con este ensayo se pretende señalar la trascendencia de la tutela de los derechos del consumidor, y la producción y aplicación de normas sobre libre comercio dentro de un contexto de equilibrio para que la oferta de bienes y servicios, por partede las empresas, mantenga el favor de los consumidores con garantía de precio y calidad, respetando los derechos fundamentales en el marco de una legalidad internacional basada en el respeto a la soberanía de las naciones.
La responsabilidad estatal por violaciones graves del DIDH y del DIH en el sistema de Naciones Unidas
Authors: Estupiñán Silva Rosmerlín
Published: July 2018

Esta investigación explora el estado del arte en el seno de los órganos jurídicos de las Naciones Unidas en materia de principios de la responsabilidad del Estado por los hechos internacionalmente ilícitos, relativos a violaciones graves del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos (didh) y del DerechoInternacional de los Conflictos Armados (dih). El proyecto de 2001 elaborado por la Comisión de Derecho Internacional de las Naciones Unidas y aprobado por la Asamblea General, sirve como marco teórico para el estudio de la jurisprudenciade la Corte Internacional de Justicia. El análisis jurisprudencial, por su parte, se concentra en el establecimiento de normas imperativas, de obligatorio cumplimiento para todos los Estados, que se refieren al didh y al dih, y en las consecuencias que la jurisprudencia de esta Corte ha definido frente a un eventual incumplimiento de las mismas. Los elementos de conclusiónpretenden sugerir un uso de esta teoría de la responsabilidad y de las constataciones de la Corte.
La ética, el derecho y la salud en las relaciones laborales
Authors: Guevara Ramírez Lydia
Published: July 2018

Los nuevos procesos en que se envuelve la humanidad por el desarrollo científico-técnico obligan a una reflexión sobre el nexo existente entre la ética, el derecho, la moral (inclusive), la salud y el trabajo, las nuevas formas de gestión de los recursos humanos y la influencia del derecho laboral, la responsabilidad social de las empresas bajo la mira de la normatividad jurídico-laboral, medio ambiente en el trabajo y los factores de riesgo y un estudio integral sobre la violencia en el trabajo.Este tema entraña un verdadero reto a la imaginación, tomando en cuenta la responsabilidad que en primer orden tienen las empresas con sus trabajadores y los Estados con sus ciudadanos, que no pueden dejar de asumir y sobre las cuales estos pueden ejercer un control, para el logro de los objetivos de una mayor protección a sus derechos ciudadanos.
ART TECHNOLOGY IN THE FORMATION OF DESIGN CULTURE OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF LABOR STUDIES
Authors: Kulinka Yu.
Published: July 2018

This article presents the approaches to the understanding of the concept of «art-technology», describes the shape of the art technology for the formation of design culture of future teachers of labor studies; formulates author's definition of the art technology. The aim and the result of this study is to justify the methods of using art technologies in professional design training of future teachers of labor studies. The methods of art technique that can be used at the art lessons are proposed and tested in the process of professional design training of future teachers of labor studies.Key words: art therapy, art pedagogy, art technologies, professional training, future teacher of labor training, art lesson, art situations.
Analisis Penggunaan Cerita Rakyat Bengkulu Dalam pembelajaran Retorika/Komunikasi Massa
Authors: Kurniawan Rio , Yulistyo Didi
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this study is to trace the extent of the use of Bengkulen folklore in the process of teaching and learning rhetorical subject. The study is a descriptive research which tries to portray the exercise of teaching rhetorical subject in which Bengkulen folklore is included. This study applies qualitative approach. The research subject deals with the fifth semester students of class A from the study program of Indonesian Language Teaching (FKIP) of Bengkulu University in the academic year of 2016-2017. The study results in that student activities change into positive direction in learning by folklore. The application of folklore to the students can improve their skill in rhetoric or public communication. It can be seen from the grades they achieve and the extent of their finishing the subject. Based on the data analyzed, the result shows that there 21 students who receive grade up 70 and their fulfillment in learning reaches 90, 84%.
Aspek-Aspek Prioritas Manajemen Wakaf di Indonesia
Authors: Ali Khalifah Muhamad , Yuliani Meida , Mulatsih Sri , Abdullah Zaki
Published: July 2018

One of the most potential Islamic economic instruments in Indonesia to improve the quality of people's welfare is waqf. This is supported by the demographic condition of Indonesia which majority is Muslim with big potential of waqf. Practically, the optimization of the potential is not yet in maximum condition and productive. The priority analysis of problems, solutions and strategies in waqf management in Indonesia is done in this research in order to maximize priority to made waqf management is more productive. This study uses primary and secondary data using Analytical Network Process (ANP) method. The result of the analysis shows that the lack of competence and lack of nazhir professionalism become the priority of the internal waqf management problem. While the priority of external problems is the lack of society understanding about waqf and also regulations that are less supportive. Improving the competence, guidance and mentoring of nazhir becomes the priority of internal solutions, while the priority of external solution is the optimization of the role of Badan Wakaf Indonesia (BWI) by improve the regulation by looking at the reality. Short term priority strategy that can be done is to socialize and educate about waqf to all elements.
Analisis Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam Imam Abu Hanifah
Authors: Zatadini Nabila , Ghozali Mohammad
Published: July 2018

Islamic economics has been practiced since the time of the Prophet Muhammad, but at that time until several centuries later there is no classification of specific disciplines for economics, causing some Muslim works lost by the western historians drowned. Therefore it is necessary to study the classical Islamic economic thinking. This paper aims to review Abu Hanifah's economic ideas by comparing it with the opinion of some scholars and match whether Abu Hanifah's thoughts can be used today. The method used is literature research with documentary method to collect data. The results of this study, that Abu Hanifah does not have a special idea in the economy but has a special view in every akqqhatat fiqh such as greetings, charity honey, and hawalah. Some of Abu Hanifah's opinions are different from other priests causing a Muslim today to sort out the khilafiyah.
Ekonomi Dan Penguasa (Pemikiran Ibn Taimiyah tentang Mekanisme Pasar)
Authors: Dedi Syarial
Published: July 2018

The classical scholars not only focus on the issue of ritual worship, but also pay attention to the economic problems of society and even indicated theories of modern conventional economics is the adoption of the results of their thinking. One of them is Ibn Taymiyyah. Its has inspired the market mechanism. Prices are handed over to businesses naturally, without being interfered with by the government. On the other hand religion gives authority to the government that must be obeyed by the ruler in taking care of them. This study uses the method of literature with the conclusion that in the free market, the price is considered by the strength of supply and demand. Free market runs fair, reasonable, likes the same likes and no distortion. However, the market mechanism is not always running perfectly, often distortion occurs. In this condition, the state's role as the supervisor of development morality is needed to make people aware that moral norms and ethical values are very important as the principle of development that must be implemented in the life of the economy. This means that Ibn Taymiyya'hs economic thought is in line with the duties and authorities of the ruler.
Quality Control of Jati Belanda Leaves (Guazuma ulmifolia) using Image Analysis and Chemometrics
Authors: Heryanto Rudi , Herdiyeni Yeni , Noviyanti Yuthika Rizqi
Published: July 2018

The quality of medicinal plants, such as Guazuma ulmifolia (jati belanda, JB), affects the quality of the herbal material derived from them, and can be determined using image analysis. The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of using an image-generated spectrum and chemometrics as a method for quality control of Jati belanda leaves. Three different quality levels of JB leaves were determined, based on their harvesting time, and confirmed by total flavonoid content analysis. The images of JB samples were collected and reconstructed as a reflection spectrum using the Wiener estimation.  The reconstructed spectrum had a goodness-of-fit coefficient of 0.9576 and a root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of 36.65%, compared to the experimental spectrum.  Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to classify the JB reconstructed spectrum based on its quality. A score plot of two PCs that represented 98% variance was able to group the JB spectrum. Further analysis using Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLSDA) showed that the method can result in around 90% prediction success rate with external validation. This study indicates that image analysis and chemometrics could be used as quality control methods for herbal material.
Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Pometia pinnata
Authors: Kuspradini Harlinda , Pasedan Whicliffe Fiernaleonardo , Kusuma Irawan Wijaya
Published: July 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri berbagai jenis ekstrak daun Pometia pinnata. Kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi proses ekstraksi daun Pometia pinnata dari Kalimantan Timur dengan teknik maserasi bertingkat menggunakan 3 pelarut: n-heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol. Ekstrak tersebut kemudian dievaluasi aktivitas antioksidan dan antimikrobanya.Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun P. pinnata mengandung alkaloid, tannin, dan kumarin. Hasil pengujian antioksidan dengan metode peredaman radikal bebas DPPH, pada konsentrasi 100 ppm menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi dengan nilai 89,23%, 89,23% dan 90,38% pada masing-masing ekstrak n-heksana, etil asetat dan etanol. Nilai antioksidan menunjukkan nilai yang hampir sama dengan antioksidan vitamin C sebesar 96 pada konsentrasi 25. Hasil pengujian antimikroba dengan metode pewarnaan 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun P. pinnata memiliki kemampuan yang cukup kuat dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Escherichia coli kecuali terhadap Propionibacterium acne.
Editorial dan Kelengkapan Jurnal
Authors: Darusman Latifah K.
Published: July 2018

Puji dan syukur kami ucapkan kepada Tuhan YME yang akhirnya di tahun 2016 ini, Pusat Studi Biofarmaka Tropika LPPM IPB telah menerbitkan Jurnal Jamu Indonesia sebagai media diseminasi penelitian terkait jamu Indonesia. Jurnal ini nantinya diharapkan dapat menambah informasi menyeluruh tentang jamu dari kegiatan hulu hingga hilirnya.

Jamu merupakan warisan budaya Indonesia dan telah digunakan sejak berabad abad yang lalu. Jamu merupakan istilah lain dari obat herbal yang terbuat dari tumbuhan obat segar atau kering di Indonesia unruk kesehatan dan kecantikan. Penggunaannya saat ini menunjukkan kecenderungan yang semakin meningkat dan tren ini juga tampak dalam skala global. Lebih jauh, Sistem Kesehatan Nasional Indonesia menyatakan bahwa pengembangan dan peningkatan obat tradisional dalam hal ini jamu ditujukan agar diperoleh obat tradisional yang bermutu tinggi, aman, memiliki khasiat nyata yang teruji secara ilmiah dan dimanfaatkan secara luas, baik untuk pengobatan sendiri oleh masyarakat maupun digunakan dalam pelayanan kesehatan formal. Tiga isu kunci yaitu kualitas, keamanan dan khasiat untuk pengembangan produk jamu hanya dapat dicapai apabila prioritas diberikan sejak awal proses pengembangannya.

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, isu kualitas, keamanan dan khasiat telah menjadi fokus perhatian para ilmuwan yang bekerja dalam keilmuan terkait. Seiring dengan banyaknya penelitian-penelitian pengembangan Jamu ini, hasil kajian yang didapatkan tentunya akan memerlukan wadah untuk diseminasi agar hasil kajian tersebut dapat diakses oleh para pihak yang memerlukan. Jurnal Jamu Indonesia dapat menjadi fasilitas bagi para peneliti dan ilmuwan untuk memudahkan pendistribusian informasi ilmu pengetahuan mengenai jamu melalui tulisan-tulisan yang dapat dipublikasi. Semua hasil karya tersebut akan diarsipkan sebagai dokumentasi berharga demi terjaganya informasi yang dapat menjadi sumber pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan di masa depan.

  

Latifah K. Darusman

Ketua Dewan Redaksi
Efek Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Acalypha indica dan Centella asiatica pada Jantung Tikus Pascahipoksia: Gen Hif-1a, Troponin I dan Stres Oksidatif
Authors: Edhiatmi Marsetyo , Arozal Wawaimuli , Purwaningsih Erni H
Published: July 2018

Hipoksia meningkatkan pembentukan dan pelepasan spesies oksigen reaktif (ROS). Sel mempunyai mekanisme melindungi diri terhadap kerusakan akibat pembentukan ROS yang terjadi secara alami. Jika pembentukan radikal bebas terjadi berlebihan maka dapat menyebabkan stres oksidatif yang memicu kerusakan sel terutama pada jantung. Sehingga tubuh memerlukan asupan antioksidan. Acalypha indica dan Centella asiatica terbukti memiliki efek antioksidan dan melindungi banyak organ dari kondisi hipoksia, sehingga penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui efek antioksidan kombinasi ekstrak etanol Acalypha indica dan Centella asiatica pada organ jantung tikus Spraque-Dawley pascahipoksia. Tiga puluh lima ekor tikus Sprague-Dawley jantan diinduksi hipoksia selama 7 hari dalam ruang khusus, kemudian diberi perlakuan. Ekstrak Acalypha indica, ekstrak Centella asiatica dan kombinasinya diberikan kepada kelompok tikus yang telah dibagi menjadi grup A (hipoksia dan diberi air), B (hipoksia dan diberi kombinasi Acalypha indica 200 mg/kgBB dan Centella asiatica 150 mg/kgBB), C (hipoksia dan diberi kombinasi Acalypha indica 250 mg/kgBB dan Centella asiatica 100 mg/kgBB), D (hipoksia dan diberi Acalypha indica 250 mg/kgBB), E (hipoksia dan diberi Centella asiatica 150 mg/kgBB), F (hipoksia dan diberi vitamin C 100mg/kgBB) dan kelompok normal. Perlakuan diberikan secara oral selama 7 hari setelah hipoksia. Parameter yang diamati adalah ekspresi mRNA HIF-1α, kadar MDA, aktivitas enzim SOD dan ekspresi mRNA cTnI. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada ekspresi HIF-1α antara grup A dan kelompok tikus normal (p>0,05). Kadar MDA meningkat signifikan pada grup A (p<0,05) dibanding tikus normal. Kadar MDA grup D mengalami penurunan secara signifikan (p<0,05) dibanding grup A. Aktivitas SOD menurun signifikan pada grup A (p<0,05) dibanding tikus normal. Aktivitas SOD grup B dan E (p<0,05) mengalami peningkatan secara signifikan dibanding grup A. Grup B meningkat signifikan (p<0,05) dibanding grup E. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok perlakuan pada Ekspresi cTnI. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar MDA dan aktivitas SOD serta ekspresi mRNA HIF-1a dan mRNA cTnI. Pemberian kombinasi ekstrak Acalypha indica dan Centella asiatica tidak dapat membantu memproteksi kerusakan jantung pascahipoksia.
Analisis Gerombol Simultan dan Jejaring Farmakologi antara Senyawa dengan Protein Target pada Penentuan Senyawa Aktif Jamu Anti Diabetes Tipe 2
Authors: Qomariasih Nurul , Susetyo Budi , Afendi Farit Mochamad
Published: July 2018

Selama ini pembuatan obat untuk menyembuhkan suatu penyakit masih menargetkan hanya satu protein khusus yang menjadi penyebab penyakit tersebut, yang tentu hanya menggunakan satu senyawa aktif. Padahal selain menimbulkan efek samping, penanganan suatu penyakit perlu menyasar banyak protein sekaligus. Sehingga, baru-baru ini terjadi perubahan paradigma dari “one drug, one target” menjadi “multi-components, network target”. Paradigma baru ini telah melahirkan beberapa penelitian untuk menghasilkan formulasi jamu, hal ini dikarenakan konsep formulasi jamu memerlukan beberapa senyawa aktif yang terlibat. Formula jamu yang diteliti sebagai upaya menyembuhkan penyakit Diabetes Melitus (DM) tipe 2 terdiri dari 4 tanaman yaitu Pare (Momordica charantia), Sembung (Blumea balsamifera), bratawali (Tinospora crispa), dan jahe (Zingiber officinale) berdasarkan hasil penelitian Nurishmaya tahun 2014 serta berdasarkan ramuan jamu yang sedang dikembangkan di Pusat Studi Biofarmaka, Bogor. Evaluasi senyawa yang berkaitan dengan DM tipe 2 dilakukan dengan terlebih dahulu menambahkan 19 obat sintetis yang ditujukan untuk DM tipe 2 dari basis data Drug Bank. Sehingga terdapat total sebanyak 74 senyawa aktif yang terdiri dari 55 senyawa alami dari tanaman dan 19 senyawa sintetis obat. Sebanyak 100 protein yang berkaitan erat dengan masing-masing senyawa diperoleh melalui hasil skor konkordan DrugCHIPER. Skor konkordan tersebut kemudian digunakan dalam analisis gerombol simultan antara senyawa dan protein target. Plot komponen utama dan submatrix penggerombolan simultan menunjukkan 2 dari 3 senyawa dari bratawali sangat dekat dengan kelompok sintetis. Selain itu, ada 11 dari 44 senyawa dari Jahe terkumpul bersama dengan senyawa sintetis tetapi dalam jarak yang jauh. Sedangkan berdasarkan jejaring kemiripan, lebih spesifik lagi terdapat 17 dari 19 senyawa obat sintetis yang memiliki kemiripan berdasarkan protein target dengan 2 senyawa tanaman Bratawali dan 5 senyawa tanaman Jahe.
Editorial dan Kelengkapan Jurnal
Authors: Rafi Mohamad
Published: July 2018

Puji dan syukur kami ucapkan kepada Tuhan YME atas rahmat dan hidayahnya, sehingga Pusat Studi Biofarmaka LPPM IPB dapat menerbitkan Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Volume 1 No 2 sebagai media diseminasi penelitian terkait jamu Indonesia. Jurnal ini nantinya diharapkan dapat menambah informasi menyeluruh tentang jamu dari kegiatan hulu hingga hilirnya.

 Jamu merupakan warisan budaya Indonesia dan telah digunakan sejak berabad abad yang lalu. Jamu merupakan istilah lain dari obat herbal yang terbuat dari tumbuhan obat segar atau kering di Indonesia untuk kesehatan dan kecantikan. Penggunaannya saat ini menunjukkan kecenderungan yang semakin meningkat dan tren ini juga tampak dalam skala global. Lebih jauh, Sistem Kesehatan Nasional Indonesia menyatakan bahwa pengembangan dan peningkatan obat tradisional dalam hal ini jamu ditujukan agar diperoleh obat tradisional yang bermutu tinggi, aman, memiliki khasiat nyata yang teruji secara ilmiah dan dimanfaatkan secara luas, baik untuk pengobatan sendiri oleh masyarakat maupun digunakan dalam pelayanan kesehatan formal. Tiga isu kunci yaitu kualitas, keamanan dan khasiat untuk pengembangan produk jamu hanya dapat dicapai apabila prioritas diberikan sejak awal proses pengembangannya.

 Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, isu kualitas, keamanan dan khasiat telah menjadi fokus perhatian para ilmuwan yang bekerja dalam keilmuan terkait. Seiring dengan banyaknya penelitian-penelitian pengembangan Jamu ini, hasil kajian yang didapatkan tentunya akan memerlukan wadah untuk diseminasi agar hasil kajian tersebut dapat diakses oleh para pihak yang memerlukan. Jurnal Jamu Indonesia dapat menjadi fasilitas bagi para peneliti dan ilmuwan untuk memudahkan pendistribusian informasi ilmu pengetahuan mengenai jamu melalui tulisan-tulisan yang dapat dipublikasi. Semua hasil karya tersebut akan diarsipkan sebagai dokumentasi berharga demi terjaganya informasi yang dapat menjadi sumber pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan di masa depan.

 

Mohamad Rafi

Ketua Dewan Redaksi
Penguraian Mekanisme Kerja Jamu Berdasarkan Jejaring Bahan Aktif-Protein Target-Gene Ontology
Authors: Handayani Vitri Aprilla , Afendi Farit Mochamad , Kusuma Wisnu Ananta
Published: July 2018

Jamu merupakan obat tradisional Indonesia. Pada dasarnya obat herbal yang dibuat dari bahan-bahan alami yang diambil dari beberapa bagian dari tanaman obat yang mengandung beberapa zat dan senyawa yang penting dan bermanfaat bagi tubuh. Sejauh ini, khasiat untuk beberapa jenis jamu secara empiris telah terbukti. Dalam peneitian ini, kami bermaksud untuk menguraikan mekanisme kerja jamu menggunakan pendekatan komputasi. Penelitian ini berfokus pada ramuan jamu type 2 diabetesyang terdiri dari empat tanaman, yaitu: jahe, bratawali, sembung, dan pare. Kerangka analisis awal dengan membentuk 3 komponen jejaring yang terdiri dari: (1) bahan aktif tanaman (diperoleh dari Knapsack: 58 senyawa aktif), (2) protein target (diperoeh dari database pubchem: 416 protein target), dan (3) gene ontoogy(diperoeh dari database DAVID: 3104 GO). Selanjutnya, kami menerapkan analisis klaster-klasterdengan menggunakan konsep graf tri-partite. Graf tri-partite digunakan untuk mengelompokkan komponen-komponen penyusun jejaring dari empat tanaman yang disebutkandiatas, sehingga diperoleh system bagian-bagian penyusun ramuan jamu. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mengungkapkan mekanisme kerja jamu. Menggunakan metode fuzzy clustering pada data jejaring, kami memperoleh 15 senyawa aktif yang diduga potensial sebagai antidiabetes berada dalam kelompok berbeda. Pada 15 senyawa aktif memiliki nilai peluang cukup tinggi terbagi dalam kelompok yang berbeda, setiap kelompok terdiri dari pasangan bahan aktif yang memiliki efek sinergis tinggi. Berdasarkan koneksi antara klaster-klasterprotein dan GO-BP, penelitianini memperoleh informasi protein-protein yang menyebabkan T2D dan mekanisme proses biologis yang terkait. T2D bukan hanya disebabkan oleh protein kelainan sekresi insulin (insulin-merendahkan enzim isoform 1) saja, tetapi juga disebabkan oleh protein lain yang terlibat dalam penghambatan insulin di pankreas.