bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF REPORTS OF INTERPERSONAL AND SELF-HARM VIOLENCE AGAINST THE ELDERLY IN BRAZIL
Authors: Anjos Yonara Yasmim Ferreira , Justo Cátia Maria , Góes Marco Aurélio de Oliveira
Published: November 2024

Violence against the elderly is an increasingly frequent phenomenon, both in developed and developing countries. In Brazil, in 2011, universal reporting of violence was implemented for some vulnerable groups, including the elderly. This study aims to describe the characteristics of reported cases and assess the trend in reporting of violence against the elderly in Brazil. A time series study of reported cases of violence against people aged 60 and over in Brazil between 2011 and 2023 was conducted. Between 2011 and 2023, 249,770 cases of violence against people aged 60 and over were reported in Brazil, of which 141,639 (56.7%) were women and 108,131 (43.3%) were men. Most of the violence occurred in the home (71.05%) and was classified as self-harm (13.79%). The use of physical force stands out (54.54%), followed by neglect/abandonment (28.52%). During this period, there was an increase in the reporting rates of violence against elderly people from 25.8 to 133.8 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (AAPC = 12.1), both for self-inflicted violence and interpersonal violence. In order to guarantee full citizenship for elderly people, health services must be alert to all forms of violence, establishing, in addition to reporting the case, access to comprehensive care, in addition to prevention actions.
COLLECTIVE SUBJECTS IN AGRARIAN LAW FROM THE NEW LATIN AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONALISM
Authors: Maia Cláudio Lopes , Hamdy Nile William Fernandes
Published: November 2024

It is considered extremely important to outline some reflections on neoconstitutionalism and the new subjects of Agrarian Law, with the aim of verifying the distinctions that exist between these movements, as well as the basic concepts presented by the new Latin American constitutionalism. The type of research adopted was exploratory, with an explanatory character, and the procedure used was bibliographic and documentary research. The bibliographic data indicated the categories: “new Latin American constitutionalism: rupture with colonial values” and “the recognition of collective subjects in Latin American constitutions”. It was possible to understand that the new Latin American constitutionalism advocates a new autonomy and the composition of a plural, participatory and truly democratic (plurinational) State. The Constitutions of Latin America present a new form of the Constitutional State, in which the admission of new rights and subjects is provided for, through a change of panorama that moves towards plural, intercultural and environmentally responsible democracy.
SCIENTIFIC LITERACY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION: POSSIBILITIES FOR RESPONSIBLE SCIENTIFIC LITERACY
Authors: Cabral Joelma Auxiliadora , Barreto Maria Auxiliadora Motta
Published: November 2024

Scientific Literacy (SC) is crucial for civic education, integrating scientific knowledge with interdisciplinary and contextualized teaching. The objective of this research was to analyze children's discourses to verify teaching practices in promoting the SC process in early childhood education. The project developed was applied to two classes of children aged five and six, using experiments based on a vegetable garden. Documented by observations, photos, videos and reports, it was evident that, through experiments, children developed a perception of "little researchers", improving reflection and critical thinking. The data collected allowed an in-depth analysis of the cognitive and behavioral changes of children during the project, contributing to their progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This approach not only transmitted scientific concepts, but also promoted practical skills applicable to everyday life, benefiting both students and educators.
A Review of Deep Learning Applications for Sustainable Water Resource Management
Authors: Tanchangya Tipon , Raihan Asif , Rahman Junaid , Ridwan Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Deep learning (DL) techniques and algorithms have the capacity to significantly impact world economies, ecosystems, and communities. DL technologies have been utilized in the development and administration of urban structures. However, there exists a dearth of literature reviewing the present level of these applications and exploring potential directions in which DL can address water challenges. This study aims to review demand projections, leakage detection and localization, drainage defect and blockage, cyber security and wealth surveillance, wastewater recycling and management, water safety prediction, rainfall conversation, and irrigation regulation. The application of DL techniques is currently in its early stages. Most studies have adopted standard networks, simulated information, and experimental or prototype settings to evaluate the efficacy of DL approaches. However, there have been no reported instances of practical adoption. Compared to other reviewed problems, leakage detection is currently being implemented practically in daily operations and handling of water facilities. The major challenges for the practical deployment of DL in water management include algorithmic development, multi-agent platforms, virtual clones, data quality and availability, security, context-aware data analysis, and training efficiency. We validate our study by using several case studies that employ DL for water treatment. Prospective exploration and deployment of DL systems are anticipated to advance water systems toward increased cognition and flexibility. This research aims to encourage further research and development in utilizing DL for feasible water usage and digitalization of the global water sector.
Production economics of jute farming in Sunsari district, Nepal
Authors: Surakshya Sharma  , Eishaina Chaudhary  , Pratik Gautam  , Kamal Regmi  , Huma Neupane
Published: November 2024

Jute cultivation has shown decreasing trend in recent years globally despite the prospective demand. Being labor-intensive, with labor making up over 70% of the entire cost and technological advancements still not evident in farmers' fields limits productivity of jute in Nepal. This study aims to analyze the economic viability of jute production, factors affecting it and constraints of jute production in Sunsari district, Nepal. Well-structured and pretested interview schedule was used to acquire required data from 120 jute cultivators of Bhokhraha Narsingh and Duhabi municipality using random and purposive sampling technique. Benefit-cost ratio analysis and multiple regression were conducted using Excel 2019 and SPSS Version 25. Jute production is found profitable as shown by positive gross margin and the average Benefit-Cost ratio of 1.52. Highest education of the family, machinery and subsidy were positively significant with Benefit-cost ratio. Number of economically active female members had shown negative influence on benefit-cost ratio of jute production. Distance to nearest extension service center showed highly significant negative relation with benefit-cost ratio implying increasing distance lowers BC ratio by a greater extent. High cost of production and labor problem were ranked as major problem in sustainable jute production. To increase the jute productivity and sustainability, this study recommends focusing on labor issues and enhancing technology interventions. The findings of this study offer policymakers a foundation to implement strategies that strengthen jute production, fostering both economic stability and environmental sustainability in Sunsari district, Nepal.
“NOSSAS MÃOS PROCURAM A LIBERDADE”
Authors: Silva Pâmela de Oliveira , Sousa Talyta Marjorie Lira
Published: November 2024

Este artigo analisa as práticas pedagógicas do ensino de história na Licenciatura em Educação do Campo da Universidade Federal do Piauí, no campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas em Bom Jesus (PI). A pesquisa inclui uma revisão de literatura sobre ensino de história e educação do campo em trabalhos produzidos por Aragão (2020), Pimenta e Lima (2006) e Caldart; Pereira; Bittencourt (2008); Alentejano; Frigotto (2012), além de um estudo de caso baseado no relatório de estágio supervisionado realizado por discentes. O estudo destaca práticas pedagógicas, desafios enfrentados pelos discentes e perspectivas futuras na formação de professores na área de história. Conclui-se que a formação crítica e contextualizada é essencial para promover uma educação que valorize a cultura local e os alunos das comunidades rurais.
EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN PROYEK PENGUATAN PROFIL PELAJAR PANCASILA (P5) DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KARAKTER SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA SEKOTA SUNGAI PENUH
Authors: Ningsih Pretty Elisa Ayu , Nurmalia Sari Mike
Published: November 2024

Kurikulum merdeka diperkenalkan pada tahun 2020 sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran di sekolah. Dalam Kurikulum Merdeka siswa tidak hanya dibentuk menjadi insan yang cerdas namun juga memiliki karakter yang baik sesuai dengan nilai – nilai luhur Pancasila. Meski sudah diperkenalkan sejak 2020 namun di sekolah menengah pertama se Kota Sungai Penuh sendiri penerapan P5 baru dilakukan pada tahun 2022 namun sampai saat ini belum seluruh sekolah melaksanakannya secara maksimal dan efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efektivitas penerapan Proyek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5) di Sekolah Menengah Pertama se-Kota Sungai Penuh dan pengaruhnya terhadap karakter siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penilaian deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan analisis dokumen di tiga sekolah yakni SMP Negeri 1 Sungai Penuh, SMP Negeri 2 Sungai Penuh dan SMP Negeri 9 Sungai Penuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun pemahaman guru terhadap P5 masih terbatas dan masih terdapat beberapa kendala yang dihadapi oleh koordinator dan fasilitator dalam penerapannya, namun penerapan proyek ini telah memberikan dampak positif terhadap perubahan karakter siswa, termasuk peningkatan kerjasama, kreativitas, dan rasa percaya diri. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya pelatihan bagi guru dan dukungan orang tua agar implementasi P5 dapat berjalan lebih optimal.
MENINGKATKAN NILAI KEBHINEKAAN GLOBAL MELALUI BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS BUDAYA LOKAL DI KELAS TIGA SD BALI BILINGUAL SCHOOL
Authors: Purnami Ni Made Ayu , Nurhidayati Wahyu
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini meneliti bagaimana siswa kelas tiga di SD Bali Bilingual School dapat meningkatkan nilai kebhinekaan global dengan menggunakan bahan ajar berbasis budaya lokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk mengumpulkan data dari observasi kelas, wawancara dengan guru, dan analisis dokumen kurikulum. Siswa yang menerima pelajaran yang berbasis budaya lokal memiliki pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang keberagaman budaya dan lebih toleran. Bahan ajar ini memperkaya wawasan siswa tentang budaya lokal dan mengajarkan mereka untuk menghargai keberagaman di seluruh dunia karena menggabungkan berbagai keberagaman yang ada di Indonesia. Menurut penelitian ini, pendidikan berbasis budaya lokal adalah alat yang efektif untuk membangun kebhinekaan global sejak usia dini. Bahan ajar yang bertema meningkatkan nilai kebhinekaan global melalui bahan ajar berbasis budaya lokal di kelas tiga SD Bali Bilingual School memiliki tingkat kesesuaian yang optimal. Selain itu, hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa nilai post-test siswa meningkat secara signifikan. Nilai rata-rata siswa adalah 65% pada tahap pretest. Namun, setelah bahan ajar berbasis budaya lokal dan metode pembelajaran interaktif diterapkan, nilai rata-rata siswa meningkat menjadi 90% pada tahap posttest. Peningkatan sebesar 25% ini menunjukkan betapa efektifnya bahan ajar dalam meningkatkan pemahaman dan apresiasi siswa terhadap kebhinekaan global.
ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN DAN TENAGA KEPENDIDIKAN
Authors: Elvarisna Elvarisna , Sari Rahmi , Zahara Sri , Marsena Miftahul , Rahmi Sri
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mensintesis berbagai literatur terkait kebijakan pendidikan dan tenaga kependidikan di Indonesia melalui pendekatan systematic literature review. Fokus kajian mencakup tiga aspek utama: (1) implementasi kebijakan pendidikan nasional, (2) pengembangan kompetensi tenaga kependidikan, dan (3) efektivitas kebijakan dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan. Metode penelitian menggunakan systematic literature review dengan menganalisis artikel ilmiah, dokumen kebijakan, dan hasil penelitian yang dipublikasikan dalam rentang waktu 2018-2023. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui buku, database Google Scholar, SINTA, dan Portal Garuda dengan menggunakan kata kunci yang relevan. Dari total 100 artikel yang diidentifikasi, 50 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dianalisis secara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beberapa temuan penting: Pertama, terdapat kesenjangan antara formulasi dan implementasi kebijakan pendidikan di lapangan. Kedua, pengembangan kompetensi tenaga kependidikan masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan struktural dan teknis. Ketiga, efektivitas kebijakan pendidikan sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor kepemimpinan, budaya organisasi, dan dukungan pemangku kepentingan. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk perbaikan kebijakan pendidikan dan pengembangan tenaga kependidikan di Indonesia.
PORTRAIT OF STUDENTS' SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS IN SCIENCE LEARNING AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 1 SUSUT
Authors: Darmayanti Ni Wayan Sri , Sunarianingsih Ni Luh Putu
Published: November 2024

This study is motivated by the importance of understanding the extent to which students have science process skills, especially at the elementary school level, as one indicator of the effectiveness of science learning. The main problem studied in this study is the level of science process skills of fourth grade students at SDN 1 Susut. This study aims to find out in depth and quantitatively how these science process skills develop among 31 fourth grade students, and involves one fourth grade teacher who has an important role in the learning process. The research method includes the use of instruments in the form of questionnaires, interview guidelines, and documentation to collect relevant data. Each of these tools is very important to help in obtaining sources of information about science process skills. This data analysis method is carried out descriptively, and to measure the results of the student questionnaire, a Likert scale is used. The results of the study showed that based on the questionnaire data, the distribution of science process skills of grade IV students of SDN 1 Susut was as follows: 48.39% of students were included in the Very Good (SB) criteria, 38.71% in the Good (B) criteria, 9.67% in the Fairly Good (CB) criteria, and 3.22% in the Less Good (KB) criteria. Analysis of interviews with teachers revealed that although students' science process skills were already at a good level, further improvements were still needed to improve the quality of learning. This study is expected to be a foundation for further research and assist in the development of more effective learning methods in the future.
Efecto de un taller educativo de empoderamiento en mujeres en edad reproductiva
Authors: Cortés Martínez Karla Yarel , Ladrón de Guevara Luis Miguel Fernández Niño , Martínez Hernández Erika Itzel , Sánchez Cabrera Elisa
Published: November 2024

Las mujeres en edad reproductiva enfrentan diversos obstáculos en los cuales se encuentra desigualdad de género, inequidad social, violencia e infravaloración, esto repercute en su desarrollo personal, profesional y social, con alcance positivo y negativo en su núcleo primario. El objetivo fue analizar el efecto de un taller educativo de empoderamiento en mujeres de la UMF No. 2 de noviembre 22 a mayo 23. Referente a la metodología es estudio mixto, experimental, unicéntrico, en 89 pacientes femeninas en edad reproductiva; se aplicó un instrumento validado por CONACYT denominado IMEM que califica empoderamiento como bajo medio y alto de manera cuantitativa y cualitativa, antes y posterior de un taller educativo el cual tuvo una duración de 3 meses divido en sesiones, aplicando medidas de tendencia central en variables sociodemográficas comparando con variables dependientes. En los resultados se observó en un incremento del empoderamiento global con incremento de 13 participantes en empoderamiento alto y disminución de 14 en empoderamiento bajo, reflejando cambio en la perspectiva del empoderamiento en las 7 áreas del instrumento de medición, se utilizó la prueba no paramétrica de muestras relacionadas Wilcoxon donde se encontró P<0.001 en cada una de las variables dependientes, reflejando la importancia de una intervención. Se concluyó que es una intervención educativa en mujeres en edad reproductiva impartida por un equipo multidisciplinario, presenta una repercusión directa en la salud integral de las mujeres con repercusión directa en su círculo primario, reforzando una integración social con aptitudes desarrolladas.
Tasas de egresos hospitalarios por erisipela durante el periodo de 2019 a 2022 en Chile
Authors: Inostroza Muñoz Hillary , Orellana Guzmán Melissa , Pérez Durán Vicente , Molina Contreras Pablo , Araya Martínez Sebastián , Mena González Bárbara
Published: November 2024

Introducción: La Erisipela es una patología infecciosa causada generalmente por la invasión cutánea por S. pyogenes. Por falta de cifras epidemiológicas actualizadas, se propone determinar la tasa de egreso hospitalario (TEH) por Erisipela durante el periodo de 2019 a 2022 en Chile. Materiales Y Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal respecto a la TEH por Erisipela durante 2019-2022 en Chile, considerando sexo, grupo etario y estadía hospitalaria (N=794). Se recopilaron datos del Departamento de Estadísticas e Información de Salud y del Instituto Nacional de Estadística, los que fueron procesados con Microsoft 365 Excel®. No se requirió Comité de Ética. Resultados: Se calculó una TEH de 1,13 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes, siendo la mayor de 1,66 en 2019. Por sexo, el femenino presentó una TEH superior, con 1,25 casos. Por edad, el grupo de 80 años y más registró la mayor TEH con 4,09. El promedio de estadía hospitalaria del periodo fue de 7,56 días, siendo más prolongada en mujeres y en el grupo de 15 a 19 años. Discusión: Se evidencia una disminución de la TEH en 2020, atribuible a la pandemia por COVID-19, aumentando luego hasta 2022. La mayor TEH se observa en mujeres, siendo no concordante con factores de riesgo habituales. En cuanto a los grupos etarios, la mayor TEH se encuentra en personas de 80 años y más. Con respecto a la estadía hospitalaria, ambos sexos presentan promedios similares, asimismo el grupo etario más destacado es de 5 a 19 años. En pacientes añosos, el cambio en el patrón podría deberse a complicaciones asociadas. Esta investigación aporta conocimiento del comportamiento epidemiológico nacional de la Erisipela, siendo precedente para futuras investigaciones en la materia.
Revolutionizing library systems with advanced automation: A blueprint for efficiency in academic resource management
Authors: Ugochukwu Francis Ikwuanusi  , Okeoma Onunka  , Samuel Jesupelumi Owoade  , Abel Uzoka
Published: November 2024

The advent of advanced automation technologies has the potential to revolutionize library systems, particularly within academic institutions, where effective resource management is essential. This paper outlines a comprehensive blueprint for integrating automation into library operations to enhance efficiency, accessibility, and user engagement. Key technologies discussed include Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML), which streamline processes such as cataloging, circulation, and inventory management. The implementation of RFID facilitates self-service checkouts and real-time inventory tracking, significantly reducing the time spent on manual tasks, thereby allowing library staff to concentrate on enhancing user experiences and curating resources strategically. Furthermore, AI-driven chatbots provide personalized recommendations, improving user satisfaction and ensuring that patrons receive tailored support. This blueprint emphasizes the role of automated digital repositories and intelligent content indexing systems, which accelerate cataloging and ensure timely access to scholarly materials. By automating information retrieval processes, libraries can reduce wait times and improve the overall accessibility of resources. Data analytics are also pivotal, enabling libraries to monitor usage patterns, optimize resource allocation, and forecast future demands, ensuring alignment with academic priorities. Moreover, the paper addresses challenges related to automation implementation, including financial constraints, data privacy concerns, and staff training requirements, proposing solutions such as gradual implementation and interdepartmental collaboration. Ultimately, the transition to advanced automation not only enhances operational efficiency but also boosts academic productivity by making resources more accessible and user-centered. This strategic move toward a digital-first library environment signifies a profound transformation in academic libraries, promoting an agile approach to resource management. As institutions increasingly adopt these technologies, they position themselves at the forefront of educational innovation, effectively integrating academic resources into the digital learning landscape.
Enhancing financial portfolio management with predictive analytics and scalable data modeling techniques
Authors: Samuel Jesupelumi Owoade  , Abel Uzoka  , Joshua Idowu Akerele  , Pascal Ugochukwu Ojukwu
Published: November 2024

The financial industry faces an increasingly complex landscape for portfolio management, where data-driven insights are crucial for optimizing asset allocation and managing risk. This paper explores the integration of predictive analytics and scalable data modeling techniques in enhancing financial portfolio management. By leveraging machine learning algorithms, big data architectures, and real-time data processing, predictive analytics can forecast asset trends, detect market anomalies, and assess portfolio risk with high precision. We evaluate several predictive models, including time-series forecasting, neural networks, and ensemble methods, for their efficacy in financial prediction. The study also discusses the role of scalable data modeling frameworks, such as Apache Spark and cloud-based data lakes, in handling vast volumes of unstructured data across different markets and asset classes. Findings indicate that predictive analytics, when paired with robust data models, can deliver real-time, actionable insights, enhancing decision-making for fund managers and institutional investors. Furthermore, this paper highlights best practices for implementing scalable models in financial institutions, addressing challenges like data latency, model interpretability, and system scalability. By adopting these advanced analytics frameworks, portfolio managers can achieve improved risk-adjusted returns, better asset diversification, and enhanced adaptability to market volatility.
Evaluación de tiempos de residencia en la homogenización - neutralización de aguas residuales de un beneficio húmedo de café
Authors: Gutiérrez-Casiano Nayeli , Carmona-Rosas Uriel , Pérez-Guzman Solmaria Mandi , Méndez-Contreras Juan Manuel , Diaz-Castellanos Karla , Hernandez-Aguilar Eduardo
Published: November 2024

Las aguas residuales provenientes del proceso de beneficio húmedo de café son potencialmente dañinas debido a su pH ácido y su carga orgánica presente debido al excesivo uso que se le en las fases de despulpado y lavado. Se analizó el tanque de neutralización que se encuentra dentro de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales del beneficio húmedo del centro del estado de Veracruz, para ello se obtuvieron los perfiles de velocidad y la distribución de tiempos de residencia empleando CFD, se propusieron y diseñaron 3 geometrías empleando 3 motobombas NABOHI a 3450 rpm con el fin de identificar problemas hidrodinámicos. Los datos de perfiles de velocidad comprobaron que las geometrías empleando 3 motobombas fueron las que mejores y más rápidas trayectorias generaron, además todas las geometrías los flujos fueron superiores a 1x10-3 m/s suficientes para favorecer el mezclado. La distribución de tiempos de residencia mostró, un comportamiento sin sistema de mezclado presentó picos de concentración indicando cortocircuitos y una tendencia dual a flujo pistón, comportamiento que cambia desde 1 motobomba. Las geometrías 1 empleando 3 motobombas es la que presento menos problemas hidrodinámicos de cortocircuitos, sin la presencia de zonas muertas y un comportamiento de mezcla completa.
Aprovechamiento de los residuos de frutas y verduras para reducir la contaminación y producir bioenergía
Authors: Vera Romero Benny Arath de Jesus , Hernandez Vasquez Luis Alfredo , Landeta Escamilla Ofelia , Alvarado Vallejo Andrea , Snell Castro Raúl , Rosas Mendoza Erik Samuel
Published: November 2024

La producción de basura en México crece cada año, lo cual sumado a una mala gestión de estos desechos tiene como consecuencia el desaprovechamiento de los residuos orgánicos. La digestión anaerobia surge como alternativa de aprovechamiento, específicamente para los desechos orgánicos, pudiendo ser convertidos en biogás (metano y dióxido de carbono). El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar el aprovechamiento de los residuos de frutas y verduras mediante un proceso biológico (digestión anaerobia) para reducir la contaminación y producir bioenergía en forma de biogás. La eficiencia de la digestión anaerobia depende de factores como, por ejemplo, el tipo de desecho, la carga orgánica y la presencia de materiales tóxicos (compuestos nitrogenados como nitratos y aceites esenciales como el D-limoneno). Los reactores biológicos ayudan a maximizar la producción de biogás, mediante la retención del sustrato y permitiendo el crecimiento de los microorganismos involucrados en el proceso. Estudios recientes han usado diferentes desechos para mejorar la eliminación de nitrógeno y contaminantes, demostrando su eficacia para generar energía renovable a partir de desechos y reducir la contaminación. La digestión anaerobia es una alternativa sostenible para el manejo de residuos y el desarrollo de energías limpias, y su potencial aplicación industrial es prometedora.
The cost of treating hypertension in Australia, 2012–22: an economic analysis
Authors: Atkins Emily R , Nguyen Long Huy , Chatterton Mary Lou , Schlaich Markus , Schutte Aletta E , Rodgers Anthony
Published: November 2024

Objective

To quantify the costs of hypertension diagnosis and treatment in Australia, particularly in primary care, including general practices and pharmacies.

Study design

Economic analysis; analysis of Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) and Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) data.

Setting

Australia, 2012–22.

Main outcome measure

Estimated expenditure on hypertension care (adjusted to 2022 Australian dollars), overall and by expenditure type (general practice consultations, medications), cost bearer (PBS, MBS, patient out‐of‐pocket costs), and broad expenditure category (medication costs, pharmacy costs, general practice consultations, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring).

Results

During 2012–22, estimated total expenditure for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in Australia was $12.2 billion: $7.3 billion (60%) was borne by the MBS and PBS, $4.9 billion (40%) by patients as out‐of‐pocket costs. During 2021–22, an estimated $1.2 billion was spent on the management of hypertension; the three main cost components were pharmacy‐related costs (administration and handling fees, dispensing fees, electronic prescription fees: $611.1 million, 50.8%), general practice consultations ($342.7 million, 28.5%), and blood pressure‐lowering medications (manufacturer and wholesale costs: $244.3 million, 20.3%).

Conclusions

During 2012–22, about 40% of the cost of managing hypertension in Australia was borne directly by patients (about $494 million per year). Important changes to pharmacy supply and payment policies were introduced in 2023, but further efforts may be needed to reduce treatment costs for patients. These changes are particularly important if the hypertension control rate is to be substantially improved in Australia, given the large numbers of undertreated and untreated people with hypertension.
Exploring the Role of Teachers' Professionalism in Reducing Aggression and Fostering Resilience among University Students
Authors: Zaman Muhammad Shokat , Iqbal Muhammad Nadeem , Waheed Syed Abdul
Published: November 2024

The study focused on exploring the role of teachers' professionalism in reducing aggression and fostering resilience among university students. The qualitative research design was followed to conduct this study. The sample of 15 students of MPhil and PhD (Edu) for semi-structured interviews was selected employing purposive sampling. A self-structured interview protocol was used for the collection of data. Qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The study revealed that particular teacher behaviors and practices can mitigate aggression and promote resilience among students. University teachers should formulate instructional strategies to boost student resilience, engage learners in problem-solving and project-based learning, and offer guidance and counseling services to address violent conduct of students.
The Impact of Family Cultural Capital, School Environment, and Peer Relationships on Scientific Literacy among Primary School Students
Authors: Yiru Chen , Ping Wong Siew
Published: November 2024

This study explores the influence of family cultural capital, school environment, and peer relationships on the scientific literacy of primary school students in Chengdu City, China. As scientific literacy becomes increasingly vital for students to navigate the complexities of modern society, this study examines how these socio-cultural factors collectively impact students' understanding and engagement with science. Family cultural capital, including parental education and home resources, plays a critical role in shaping scientific literacy. Simultaneously, the school environment and quality of science education, along with peer relationships, significantly influence students' academic motivation and performance in science. By analyzing these interactions, this paper provides valuable insights into the socio-cultural determinants of scientific literacy, offering practical recommendations for educators and policymakers to foster improved educational outcomes in Chengdu and similar urban settings.1
Advancing Artiﬁcial Intelligence Adoption and Decision-making with Extended Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Waked Hayyan Nassar , Goyal S. B. , Albdiwy Feras Fathi , Lasi Masri Bin Abdul , Nurrohani binti Ahmad
Published: November 2024

Despite Kuala Lumpur’s push for AI integration, only 23% of businesses have adopted AI, lagging behind the global average of 37%, with 65% still relying on basic data tools and only 10% using advanced analytics. This study investigates the factors inﬂuencing AI adoption in Kuala Lumpur's IT sector, focusing on Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Perceived Usefulness (PU), and Perceived Organizational Support (POS). Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Uniﬁed Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as theoretical foundations, this study extends these frameworks by incorporating POS to emphasize the critical role of organizational support in AI adoption. Data from a survey of 340 IT managers were analyzed us- ing PLS-SEM. The results demonstrate that both PEOU and POS signiﬁcantly impact PU, which in turn inﬂuences AI adoption intentions. POS emerged as a vital factor, indicating that organizational support, such as training and resource provision, is key in making AI useful and encouraging its adoption. This research has practical implications for businesses and policymakers. Organizations should focus on improving organizational support mechanisms, particularly through targeted training programs and technical assistance to enhance AI adoption. Policymakers are encouraged to reﬁne initiatives like Industry4WRD by strengthening infrastructure and providing sector-speciﬁc support. The study's novelty lies in its focus on emerging markets like Kuala Lumpur, addressing a gap in AI adoption research by exploring the organizational challenges speciﬁc to such regions.
Efek Motivasi kerja, Lingkungan kerja dan Budaya organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai
Authors: Firman Ahmad , Latief Fitriani , Dirwan Dirwan
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh motivasi kerja, lingkungan kerja, dan budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja pegawai PT PLN (Persero) Unit Induk Wilayah Sulselrabar. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan dengan tipe survei. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dari 60 pegawai yang dipilih dengan metode acak sederhana menggunakan rumus Slovin. Analisis dilakukan dengan regresi linier berganda untuk menguji pengaruh antar variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi kerja, lingkungan kerja, dan budaya organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Motivasi mendorong pegawai bekerja optimal, lingkungan kerja yang kondusif meningkatkan produktivitas, dan budaya organisasi membentuk perilaku yang mendukung tujuan organisasi. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi praktis dalam pengelolaan motivasi, lingkungan, dan budaya kerja untuk meningkatkan kinerja pegawai. Namun, penelitian terbatas pada satu lokasi dan sektor. Studi mendatang disarankan memperluas cakupan geografis dan menggunakan metode mixed methods untuk hasil yang lebih komprehensif.
Penerapan Manajemen Risiko Keuangan pada Perusahaan Startup: Sebuah Tinjauan Kualitatif
Authors: Rachma Nur
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi penerapan manajemen risiko keuangan (MRK) pada startup di berbagai sektor, seperti teknologi, manufaktur, ritel, dan layanan, serta menganalisis pengaruh kondisi ekonomi dan regulasi lokal terhadap strategi yang diterapkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Berbagai studi literatur relevan dikumpulkan dan dianalisis untuk mengidentifikasi pola umum, praktik terbaik, serta hambatan dan tantangan yang dihadapi oleh startup dalam implementasi MRK. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap sektor memiliki pendekatan MRK yang bervariasi sesuai dengan karakteristik unik dan risiko yang dihadapi. Penggunaan teknologi seperti AI dan analitik data real-time merupakan pola umum, tetapi penerapannya bergantung pada akses modal dan sumber daya. Startup di negara berkembang sering kali menggunakan solusi alternatif karena keterbatasan modal dan akses teknologi, sedangkan di negara maju regulasi dan infrastruktur mendukung penerapan strategi yang lebih komprehensif. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya adopsi teknologi secara bertahap serta peningkatan keterampilan manajerial dan keuangan di kalangan pengelola startup. Selain itu, penelitian ini memberikan panduan praktis bagi pembuat kebijakan untuk mendukung regulasi dan infrastruktur yang kondusif bagi penerapan MRK yang efektif.
Subsidiarität im Wandel
Authors: Schulz Sönke E.
Published: November 2024

Das Subsidiaritätsprinzip ist ein wesentlicher Pfeiler des Sozialstaats. Es ist für zahlreiche Bereiche der Sozialverwaltung gesetzlich normiert. Das kooperative Miteinander von Verwaltung und gemeinnützigen Anbietern hat sich grundsätzlich bewährt. Sowohl seitens der Anbieter, insbesondere der freien Wohlfahrtspflege, als auch von den kommunalen Aufgabenträgern wird jedoch auch Kritik geäußert: Das System sei insgesamt schwerfällig, es gebe zu hohe Transaktionsaufwände, eine zu kleinteilige Steuerung sowie zu viel Bürokratie. Dabei hat Lorenz von Stein ein Modell der „freien Verwaltung“ entworfen, dass geeignet erscheint, das staatliche Interesse an einer Leistungserbringung durch gesellschaftliche Kräfte mit dem Wunsch der Wohlfahrtsverbände nach eigenverantwortlicher Gestaltung zusammenzubringen.
Geschäfts prozessmanagement mit „Verwaltung 4.0“
Authors: Gerhards Ralf
Published: November 2024

In Ausgabe 1/2024 der Verwaltung & Management wird über den institutionellen Rahmen in Deutschland ausgeführt, der sich für den Abbau der Bürokratie herausgebildet hat. Es ist beachtlich (oder bedenklich?), dass es mit verschiedenen Koalitionsvereinbarungen auf Bundesebene, der Etablierung des Nationalen Normenkontrollrats, der Schaffung eines Koordinators der Bundesregierung für bessere Rechtsetzung und Bürokratieabbau, der Einbindung des Statistischen Bundesamtes, der (partiellen) Schaffung von Normenkontrollräten in Bundesländern, der Clearingstellen in Niedersachsen und Nordrhein-Westfalen sowie verschiedener Landesbeauftragte für Bürokratieabbau eine Flut von Verankerungen des Bürokratieabbaus festzustellen ist. Zu Recht hält Mehde fest, dass der Bürokratieabbau in Deutschland in durchaus bemerkenswertem Umfang institutionalisiert ist. Soweit, so gut?
Unexpected Pathway: Delayed Idiopathic Brain Edema Following Successful Stereotactic Aspiration of a Brain Abscess: A Case Report
Authors: Jaradat Amer , Ba-Shammakh Saleh
Published: November 2024

Introduction: This article presents a rare case of idiopathic delayed brain edema (IDE) following successful stereotactic aspiration of a deeply seated brain abscess in a five-year-old child. Case Presentation: The patient underwent frameless stereotactic aspiration of a brain abscess. Despite successful abscess resolution and initial improvement, the child developed severe cerebral edema one month later, necessitating left decompressive craniectomy, additional interventions, and prolonged hospitalization. Conclusions: This paper outlines the clinical trajectory, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies employed, highlighting the unique presentation of delayed IDE in the pediatric population. The findings contribute to understanding IDE and its management after abscess resolution, particularly in young patients.
Serum Alpha-fetoprotein Associated with Treatment Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis and a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ji Zhengzheng , Fang Ding , Li Jiasong , Cao Ruijie , Wang Handong , Meng Zesong , Guo Zhanjun , Zhao Yue
Published: November 2024

Context: Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has been shown to be valuable in tumor staging and predicting survival outcomes. In this investigation, we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis and a meta-analysis to assess the predictive significance of initial AFP levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methods: We searched databases from inception until 14 July 2024 to identify cohort studies involving ICI treatments in HCC patients with baseline AFP data. We also retrospectively analyzed patients with HCC treated with ICIs to assess the therapeutic effect in the high AFP (AFP ≥ 400 ng/mL) group and the low AFP (AFP < 400 ng/mL) group in terms of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR). Results: In the meta-analysis, a total of 34 studies, comprising 8,799 patients, were included, while the retrospective cohort study encompassed 55 patients. In the meta-analysis, the summarized hazard ratios (HRs) of AFP ≥ 400 ng/mL versus AFP < 400 ng/mL for ICI therapy indicated that the high AFP group had a poorer outcome compared to the low AFP group, with a pooled HR for OS of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.57 - 1.82, P < 0.001) and a pooled HR for PFS of 1.47 (95% CI: 1.33 - 1.63, P < 0.001). In the retrospective cohort study, higher AFP levels were associated with a lower DCR for ICIs, with a DCR of 42.9% in the high AFP group and 77.8% in the low AFP group (P = 0.008). Cox model analysis showed that higher serum AFP was an independent predictor for shorter OS (HR 3.584, 95% CI: 1.466 - 8.762, P = 0.005). The toxicity analysis also displayed a strong association between high AFP and the occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) (P = 0.008). Conclusions: Higher serum AFP is associated with poorer efficacy of ICI treatment in HCC patients.
The Relationship Between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Patients After Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kern-Allely Quinn , Mirzaaghayan Mohammad Reza , Memarian Sara , Gorji Mojtaba , Gharib Behdad
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic utility of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the perioperative change in NLR [Neutrophil Change Index (NCI)] in pediatric patients undergoing surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and to assess their correlations with clinical outcomes. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted with 416 patients from Children’s Medical Center in Tehran, Iran, spanning November 2021 to November 2022. Perioperative neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were collected, along with data on the presence or absence of complications. The prognostic value of NLR and NCI was evaluated concerning the length of ICU stay and mechanical ventilation among three groups: A no-complications survival group, a complications survival group, and a mortality group. Results: All patients showed an average rise in NLR postoperatively. The postoperative NLR magnitude did not significantly differ among the groups (P = 0.237) and was only correlated with mechanical ventilation duration (P = 0.0497), not with ICU stay length. However, the NCI was significantly lower in the mortality group compared to both the no-complication and surviving-complication groups (P < 0.001 and P = 0.032). Neutrophil Change Index also showed a statistically significant correlation with ICU stay and mechanical ventilation duration (P = 0.004 and P = 0.002). ROC analysis indicated that NCI had some ability to discriminate mortality cases, with an AUC of 0.734. Conclusions: While NLR showed perioperative changes, its magnitude alone was not correlated with clinical outcomes. In contrast, the NCI demonstrated a significant relationship with outcomes, with surviving-complication patients having a higher perioperative NCI than those in the mortality group. A higher NCI was associated with shorter ICU stays, reduced mechanical ventilation time, and lower mortality risk in pediatric patients undergoing CPB surgery. Overall, NCI proved to be a more effective tool than NLR in predicting adverse outcomes in this patient population.
Effects of Family-Centered Nursing on Psychological Well-Being and Quality of Life in Children with Severe Pneumonia in the Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Study
Authors: Zhu Xiuxiu , Yang Jialai , Yang Lijuan , Su Jinxiu
Published: November 2024

Background: Pneumonia is a common and frequently occurring disease in pediatric patients. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of family-centered nursing on psychological well-being and quality of life (QOL) in children with severe pneumonia in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: A total of 98 children admitted between April 2021 and January 2023 were selected and divided into an observation group (n = 49) and a control group (n = 49) using a random number table. The control group received routine nursing care, while the observation group received family-centered nursing in addition to routine care. All children were cared for from admission until transfer out of the ICU or discharge. Clinical manifestations, blood gas analysis indicators, QOL scores, psychological status scores, and family satisfaction with care were compared between the two groups before and after two weeks of care. Results: After two weeks of nursing, ICU stay length, time to return to normal temperature, and resolution time for lung moist rales were all shorter in the observation group compared to the control group. The observation group showed greater improvements in partial pressure of oxygen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and oxygen saturation compared to the control group. Additionally, scores for physical function, social function, emotional function, and family satisfaction in the observation group were higher than those in the control group. Conclusions: Family-centered nursing effectively improves clinical manifestations, blood gas levels, psychological well-being, and QOL in children with severe pneumonia in the ICU, while also enhancing family satisfaction with care.
Glycemic Management and Lipid Profile in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes During The COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Daneshpour Nazanin , Keshavarz Motamedi Saeb , Rahimi Pordanjani Sajjad , Najmaldin Atousa
Published: November 2024

Background: The global outbreak of COVID-19 has raised concerns about its potential impact on the management of chronic health conditions, particularly diabetes. Objectives: This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the effect of COVID-19 on blood sugar control and lipid profiles in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This cross-sectional study gathered and analyzed data from 61 diabetic patients between March 2021 and March 2022. Data collected included demographic information, HbA1c levels, and lipid profiles, all obtained from the files at the Endocrine and Metabolism Clinic of Kowsar Hospital. Results: Among the 61 patients with complete data, 12 (19.7%) tested positive for COVID-19. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between the COVID-19 positive and negative groups in terms of age (P = 0.759), HbA1c level (P = 0.209), total cholesterol level (P = 0.841), triglyceride levels (P = 0.876), HDL (P = 0.504), LDL (P = 0.191), or duration of diabetes treatment (P = 0.779). However, significant differences were found between male and female diabetic patients in age (P = 0.030) and total cholesterol levels (P = 0.030), with women being older and having higher total cholesterol. No significant differences were observed between groups treated with oral medication and insulin in terms of age (P = 0.789), HbA1c level (P = 0.584), total cholesterol level (P = 0.263), triglyceride levels (P = 0.162), HDL (P = 0.718), LDL (P = 0.463), or duration of diabetes treatment (P = 0.545). Conclusions: The findings indicate that COVID-19 did not significantly affect glycemic control or lipid profiles in the studied diabetic population. The observed associations between demographic and clinical factors offer valuable insights into the complex relationship between diabetes and COVID-19.