bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards improvement in prediction of iodine value in edible oil system based on chemometric analysis of portable vibrational spectroscopic data
Authors: Yan Hong , Zhang Jixiong , Gao Jingxian , Huang Yangming , Xiong Yanmei , Min Shungeng
Published: September 2018

Iodine value (IV) is a significant parameter to illustrate the quality of edible oil. In this study, three portable spectroscopy devices were employed to determine IV in mixed edible oil system, a new Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (MEMS-FTIR), a MicroNIRTM1700 and an i-Raman Plus-785S. Quantitative model was built by Partial least squares (PLS) regression model and four variable selection methods were applied before PLS model, which are Monte Carlo uninformative variables elimination (MCUVE), competitive reweighted sampling (CARS), bootstrapping soft shrinkage approach (BOSS) and variable combination population analysis (VCPA). The coefficient of determination (R2), and the root mean square error prediction (RMSEP) were used as indicators for the predictability of the PLS models. In MicroNIRTM1700 dataset, MCUVE gave the lowest RMSEP (2.3440), in MEMS-FTIR dataset, CARS showed the best performance with RMSEP (2.2185), in i-Raman Plus-785S dataset, BOSS gave the lowest RMSEP (2.5058). They all had great improvements than full spectrum PLS model. Four variable selection methods take a smaller number of variables and perform significant superiority in prediction accuracy. It was demonstrated that three new portable instruments would be suitable for the on-site determination of edible oil quality in infrared and Raman field.
Impaired tumor growth and angiogenesis in mice heterozygous for Vegfr2 (Flk1)
Authors: Oladipupo Sunday S. , Kabir Ashraf Ul , Smith Craig , Choi Kyunghee , Ornitz David M.
Published: September 2018

VEGF signaling through its tyrosine kinase receptor, VEGFR2 (FLK1), is critical for tumor angiogenesis. Previous studies have identified a critical gene dosage effect of VegfA in embryonic development and vessel homeostasis, neovascularization, and tumor growth, and potent inhibitors of VEGFR2 have been used to treat a variety of cancers. Inhibition of FGFR signaling has also been considered as an antiangiogenic approach to treat a variety of cancers. Inhibition of VEGFR2 with neutralizing antibodies or with pharmacological inhibitors of the VEGFR tyrosine kinase domain has at least short-term efficacy with some cancers; however, also affects vessel homeostasis, leading to adverse complications. We investigate gene dosage effects of Vegfr2, Fgfr1, and Fgfr2 in three independent mouse models of tumorigenesis: two-stage skin chemical carcinogenesis, and sub-cutaneous transplantation of B16F0 melanoma and Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC). Mice heterozygous for Vegfr2 display profound defects in supporting tumor growth and angiogenesis. Unexpectedly, additional deletion of endothelial Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 in Vegfr2 heterozygous mice shows similar tumor growth and angiogenesis as the Vegfr2 heterozygous mice. Notably, hematopoietic deletion of two alleles of Vegfr2 had minimal impact on tumor growth, with little effect on angiogenesis, reinforcing the importance of endothelial Vegfr2 heterozygosity. These studies reveal previously unrecognized Vegfr2 gene dosage effects in tumor angiogenesis and a lack of synergy between VEGFR2 and endothelial FGFR1/2 signaling during tumor growth.
A toolbox for multiplexed super-resolution imaging of the E. coli nucleoid and membrane using novel PAINT labels
Authors: Spahn Christoph K. , Glaesmann Mathilda , Grimm Jonathan B. , Ayala Anthony X. , Lavis Luke D. , Heilemann Mike
Published: September 2018

Maintenance of the bacterial homeostasis initially emanates from interactions between proteins and the bacterial nucleoid. Investigating their spatial correlation requires high spatial resolution, especially in tiny, highly confined and crowded bacterial cells. Here, we present super-resolution microscopy using a palette of fluorescent labels that bind transiently to either the membrane or the nucleoid of fixed E. coli cells. The presented labels are easily applicable, versatile and allow long-term single-molecule super-resolution imaging independent of photobleaching. The different spectral properties allow for multiplexed imaging in combination with other localisation-based super-resolution imaging techniques. As examples for applications, we demonstrate correlated super-resolution imaging of the bacterial nucleoid with the position of genetic loci, of nascent DNA in correlation to the entire nucleoid, and of the nucleoid of metabolically arrested cells. We furthermore show that DNA- and membrane-targeting labels can be combined with photoactivatable fluorescent proteins and visualise the nano-scale distribution of RNA polymerase relative to the nucleoid in drug-treated E. coli cells.
Surface-modified three-dimensional graphene nanosheets as a stationary phase for chromatographic separation of chiral drugs
Authors: Candelaria Lindsay , Frolova Liliya V. , Kowalski Brian M. , Artyushkova Kateryna , Serov Alexey , Kalugin Nikolai G.
Published: September 2018

Carbon-based stationary phases for chromatographic separation have been commercially available since the 1980s. Porous graphitic carbon liquid chromatography columns are known to be highly resistant to aggressive mobile phases and extreme pH values of solvents and eluents, an important advantage compared to conventional silica-based alternatives. In our work, we demonstrate a new variant of carbon-based stationary phases for liquid chromatography, specifically developed for chiral separation. Mesoporous three-dimensional graphene nanosheets (3D GNS), functionalized with tetracyanoethylene oxide (TCNEO) and (S)-(+)-2-pyrrolidinemethanol, demonstrate pharmaceutical-grade chiral separation of model ibuprofen and thalidomide racemic mixtures when used as Chiral Stationary Phases (CSPs), with performance parameters comparable to currently commercially available CSPs. Simple covalent attachment of functionalization groups to the surface of mesoporous three-dimensional graphene nanosheets makes these carbon-based CSPs chemically stable and up to an order of magnitude less expensive than standard silica-based analogues.
Inhibition of the gyrA promoter by transcription-coupled DNA supercoiling in Escherichia coli
Authors: Dages Samantha , Dages Kelley , Zhi Xiaoduo , Leng Fenfei
Published: September 2018

TheE. coligyrA promoter (PgyrA) is a DNA supercoiling sensitive promoter, stimulated by relaxation of DNA templates, and inhibited by (−) DNA supercoiling in bacteria. However, whether PgyrAcan be inhibited by transient and localized transcription-coupled DNA supercoiling (TCDS) has not been fully examined. In this paper, using different DNA templates including theE. colichromosome, we show that transient and localized TCDS strongly inhibits PgyrAinE. coli. This result can be explained by a twin-supercoiled domain model of transcription in which (+) and (−) supercoiled domains are generated around the transcribing RNA polymerase. We also find that fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin, can substantially increase the expression of the firefly luciferase under the control of the PgyrAcoupled to a divergent IPTG-inducible promoter in the presence of IPTG. This stimulation of PgyrAby fluoroquinolones can be also explained by the twin-supercoiled domain model of transcription. This unique property of TCDS may be configured into a high throughput-screening (HTS) assay to identify antimicrobial compounds targeting bacterial DNA gyrase.
Caloric restriction promotes functional changes involving short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis in the rat gut microbiota
Authors: Tanca Alessandro , Abbondio Marcello , Palomba Antonio , Fraumene Cristina , Marongiu Fabio , Serra Monica , Pagnozzi Daniela , Laconi Ezio , Uzzau Sergio
Published: September 2018

Caloric restriction (CR) is known to promote health and longevity, likely via modification of the gut microbiota (GM). However, functional and metabolic changes induced in the GM during CR are still unidentified. Here, we investigated the short- and long-term effects of CR on the rat GM using a metaproteogenomic approach. We show that a switch from ad libitum (AL) low fat diet to CR in young rats is able to induce rapid and deep changes in their GM metaproteomic profile, related to a reduction of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and an expansion of lactobacilli. Specifically, we observed a significant change in the expression of the microbial enzymes responsible for short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis, with CR boosting propionogenesis and limiting butyrogenesis and acetogenesis. Furthermore, these CR-induced effects were maintained up to adulthood and started to be reversed after a short-term diet change. We also found that CR alters the abundance of an array of host proteins released in stool, mainly related to epithelial barrier integrity and inflammation. Hence, our results provide thorough information about CR-induced modifications to GM and host functional activity, and might constitute the basis for novel GM-based approaches aimed at monitoring the effectiveness of dietary interventions.
Conduction Mechanisms on High Retention Annealed MgO-based Resistive Switching Memory Devices
Authors: Loy D. J. J. , Dananjaya P. A. , Hong X. L. , Shum D. P. , Lew W. S.
Published: September 2018

We report on the conduction mechanisms of novel Ru/MgO/Cu and Ru/MgO/Ta resistive switching memory (RSM) devices. Current-voltage (I–V) measurements revealed Schottky emission (SE) as the dominant conduction mechanism in the high resistance state (HRS), which was validated by varying temperatures and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results. Retention of more than 10 years at 85 °C was obtained for both Ru/MgO/Ta and Ru/MgO/Cu RSM devices. In addition, annealing processes greatly improved the consistency of HRS and LRS switching paths from cycle to cycle, exhibiting an average ON/OFF ratio of 102. Further TEM studies also highlighted the difference in crystallinity between different materials in Ru/MgO/Cu RSM devices, confirming Cu filament identification which was found to be 10 nm in width.
Thermogelling Polymers and Their History
Authors: Cally Owh , Young David James , Loh Xian Jun
Published: September 2018

Thermogelling materials have been envisioned as smart biomaterials with significant potential in the biomedical field. Their importance lies at the intersection between two highly medically relevant classes of materials: hydrogels and smart materials. Thermogels possess the high water content and tunable properties of hydrogels and the ability to respond to external temperature change with a simple, physical and reversible sol-to-gel phase transition. Thermogels have been proposed for many uses, including drug delivery, gene delivery and scaffolding for tissue engineering. This chapter provides a short introduction to Pluronics: in particular, thermogelling Pluronic systems, which have been notable players in the biomedical arena since their introduction nearly 70 years ago.
Thermogels for Stem Cell Culture
Authors: Godrikus Kenneth , Young David James , Loh Xian Jun
Published: September 2018

The ultimate goal of stem cell therapy is to replace surgery with injection of stem cells into a trauma site with localized cell proliferation and differentiation to heal a particular tissue or organ. Thermogelling composite systems have been investigated as biodegradable, injectable 3D scaffolds for stem cell proliferation and differentiation. These thermogels have been successfully used as cultivating media; however, certain additives have proved necessary for the stem cells to be able to differentiate in vitro (e.g. graphene oxide for adipogenesis and calcium phosphate crystals for osteogenesis). This chapter summarizes the great strides that have been made and what remains to be done in this exciting field.
Molecular synthons for accurate structural determinations: the equilibrium geometry of 1-chloro-1-fluoroethene
Authors: Gambi Alberto , Pietropolli Charmet Andrea , Stoppa Paolo , Tasinato Nicola , Ceselin Giorgia , Barone Vincenzo
Published: September 2018

The equilibrium structure for 1-chloro-1-fluoroethene is obtained by high-level quantum chemical calculations and the semi-experimental approach.
Low temperature reaction dynamics for CH3OH + OH collisions on a new full dimensional potential energy surface
Authors: Roncero Octavio , Zanchet Alexandre , Aguado Alfredo
Published: September 2018

Is the rise of the rate constant measured in laval expansion experiments of OH with organic molecules at low temperatures due to the reaction between the reactants or due to the formation of complexes with the buffer gas?
Photocatalyst with annulated binuclear thioporphyrazine-enhancing photocatalytic performance by expansion of a π-electron system
Authors: Li Jun , Yin Jie , Yang Changjun , Xu Shuai , Zhou Quan , Zhang Bingguang , Deng Kejian
Published: September 2018

A novel planar binuclear zinc hexa(2,3-bis(butylthio)) porphyrazine sharing one benzene ring was successfully synthesized, which exhibits superior photocatalytic activity compared to that of its mononuclear counterpart owing to the expansion of the π-electron system.
Designed single-source precursors for iron germanide nanoparticles: colloidal synthesis and magnetic properties
Authors: Sodreau Alexandre , Mallet-Ladeira Sonia , Lachaize Sebastien , Miqueu Karinne , Sotiropoulos Jean-Marc , Madec David , Nayral Céline , Delpech Fabien
Published: September 2018

The substituent of single source precursors [{iPrNC(tBu)NiPr}RGe]Fe(CO)4 (R = Cl, N(SiMe3)2) has a dramatic influence on the synthesis of iron germanide nanoparticles.
Microwave-assisted mass synthesis of Mo1−xWxS2 alloy composites with a tunable lithium storage property
Authors: Li Jianhui , Yan Haiting , Wei Wei , Meng Lingjie
Published: September 2018

Mo1−xWxS2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) alloyed nanomaterials were successfully synthesized by a facile but high-efficiency one-pot microwave-assisted solvothermal method, and the relationship between structure of Mo1−xWxS2 and their properties such as characteristic Raman scattering, electronic conductivity and lithium storage properties are investigated as well.
Facile synthesis of monodispersed yolk-shelled molybdenum disulfide microspheres with enhanced photocatalytic properties
Authors: Zhang Yongxing , Zhao Yuanyuan , Li Jia , Li Li , Liu Yi , Ma Dong , Li Dechuan , Li Xuanhua
Published: September 2018

Monodispersed yolk-shelled MoS2 microspheres with outstanding photocatalytic properties have been synthesized by the hydrothermal method with the assistance of P123.
Construction and heterogeneous photooxidization reactivity of a cyclodextrin/porphyrin polyrotaxane network
Authors: Zhou Wei-Lei , Zhao Xuan , Chen Yong , Liu Yu
Published: September 2018

A supramolecular polyrotaxane network, based on a CD-based inclusion complex and porphyrin derivative, was synthesized by imine condensation reactions. Then it could be applied as a heterogeneous catalyst for generating singlet oxygen under photoirradiation, which showed its good ability to photooxidize anthracene derivatives.
SKLB023 protects mice against acute liver injury by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine production in both T cells and macrophages
Authors: Yu Jia , Liu Lili , Zhang Huiming , Wu Yating , Pei Heying , Ma Liang , Xiong Anwen , Xie Caifeng
Published: September 2018

A novel thiazolidinedione derivative SKLB023 offers a potent therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acute liver failure.
Highly efficient inverted perovskite solar cells based on self-assembled graphene derivatives
Authors: Yin Xuewen , Zhou Yu , Han Jianhua , Nan Hui , Tai Meiqian , Gu Youchen , Li Jianbao , Lin Hong
Published: September 2018

Thickness-controlled GO films and conductivity-tunable rGO films are developed as HTMs for PSCs with a superior PCE of 16.28%.
Polymer solar cell textiles with interlaced cathode and anode fibers
Authors: Liu Peng , Gao Zhen , Xu Limin , Shi Xiang , Fu Xuemei , Li Ke , Zhang Bo , Sun Xuemei , Peng Huisheng
Published: September 2018

Continuous and mass production of polymer solar cell textiles with interlaced structure of cathode and anode fibers.
Elucidating the role of dopants in the critical current density for dendrite formation in garnet electrolytes
Authors: Pesci Federico M. , Brugge Rowena H. , Hekselman A. K. Ola , Cavallaro Andrea , Chater Richard J. , Aguadero Ainara
Published: September 2018

Dopants used to stabilise the cubic phase of LLZO also play a crucial role in the cell's critical current density.
Modified virtual inertial controller for prudential participation of DFIG‐based wind turbines in power system frequency regulation
Authors: Ravanji Mohammad Hasan , Parniani Mostafa
Published: September 2018

This study proposes a modified virtual inertial control (MVIC) scheme for doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind turbines (WTs), which both improves the frequency response of these renewable resources and enhances the power system oscillation damping capabilities. It is shown that the proposed control structure enables the WT to participate prudentially in system frequency regulation, which means the amount of WT kinetic energy released to the grid and its participation in system frequency support is alleviated as its stored energy decreases. The proposed control strategy is introduced conceptually, and its performance is verified analytically. Effects of wind speed variations on the small‐signal stability of DFIG WTs equipped with the proposed MVIC is investigated, as well. For these purposes, the system characteristic equation and its damping ratio, as well as the transfer function between the wind speed and the wind turbine rotor speed are derived and analysed. Eventually, time‐domain simulation results and modal analysis verify the performance of the proposed method and demonstrate its superiority as compared to the conventional virtual inertial controllers.
Localised fault location on a distribution network – case studies and experience
Authors: Courtney David , Littler Tim , Livie Jim , Lennon Ken
Published: September 2018

A reduction in time required to locate and restore faults on a utility's distribution network reduces customer minutes lost. Detection of repeating transient (self‐clearing) faults allows early repair and avoids full faults which reduces the number of customer interruptions. Both these reductions bring improved customer service and direct cost savings from lower regulator penalties. Traditional approaches to fault location involve fault impedance determination from high‐volume waveform files dispatched across a communications channel to a central location for processing and analysis. This study describes an existing distributed scheme, where data processing is undertaken locally within substation‐based recording instruments thus reducing data volume transmission. Processed events/faults and impedance data are emailed to a central server for entry into the graphical information system, which returns potential fault locations yielding timely repair and restoration of circuits. This study presents a series of fault location case studies based on field experience from the Scottish Power Energy Networks distribution network.
Modeling and optimizing a road de-icing device by a nonlinear heating
Authors: Bernardin Frederic , Munch Arnaud
Published: September 2018

In order to design a road de-icing device by heating, we consider in the one dimensional setting the optimal control of a parabolic equation with a nonlinear boundary condition of the Stefan–Boltzmann type. Both the punctual control and the corresponding state are subjected to a unilateral constraint. This control problem models the heating of a road during a winter period to keep the road surface temperature above a given threshold. The one-dimensional modeling used in this work is a first step of the modeling of a road heating device through the circulation of a coolant in a porous layer of the road. We first prove, under realistic physical assumptions, the well-posedness of the direct problem and the optimal control problem. We then perform some numerical experiments using real data obtained from experimental measurements. This model and the corresponding numerical results allow to quantify the minimal energy to be provided to keep the road surface without frost or snow.
On the route to extinction in non-adiabatic flames from competitive exothermic reactions
Authors: Huang Zhejun , Sidhu Harvinder , Towers Isaac , Jovanoski Zlatko , Watt Simon
Published: September 2018

We consider non-adiabatic combustion waves arising from two-step competitive exothermic reaction schemes. A numerical method is employed to study the behaviour of this system and we show that the inclusion of heat loss can lead to a period-doubling route to the termination of the propagating flame front. The nature of oscillations becomes more complex with increasing loss of heat until the system can no longer sustain a propagating front. In other words, beyond some critical value of heat loss, extinction of the combustion reaction would occur. For the non-adiabatic case, particularly close to the extinction threshold, large excursions in temperature and wave speed above those observed for the adiabatic case can occur. Such behaviour close to extinction may have implications for safety or industrial processes.
Schröpftherapie: Das ist zu beachten
Authors: Stör Wolfram
Published: September 2018

Beim Schröpfen stimulieren Saugglocken spezifische Punkte auf der Haut – So wird die Schröpftherapie sicher durchgeführt
Postoperative Behandlung bei Kreuzbandruptur
Authors: Inderst Rudolf , Bleul Gerhard , Glogaza Alexander
Published: September 2018

Der Fall: Zustand des Patienten 3 Wochen postoperativ nach Kreuzbandruptur: Patient leidet noch unter Schwellungen und Schmerzen.
Cayennefrüchte
Authors: Schulz-Kuhnt Bettina
Published: September 2018

Arzneimittel, Gewürz, chemische Waffe: Capsicifructi sind vielseitig einsetzbar.
Enhanced imaging – Neue diagnostische Methoden beim Urothelkarzinom
Authors: Knoll Thomas , Bach Thorsten
Published: September 2018

Die korrekte Detektion von Blasentumoren ist die Voraussetzung zur vollständigen Resektion und damit zur Reduktion von Rezidiven, aber auch zum korrekten Staging von fortgeschrittenen und high-grade Karzinomen. Die Weißlicht-Zystoskopie stellt den Goldstandard dar und konnte durch digitale HD-Zystoskopie weiter verbessert werden. Die weiteren Verfahren zur verbesserten Bildgebung etablieren sich schrittweise. Narrow Band Imaging und S-System könnten v. a. im ambulanten Setting einen Vorteil darstellen, da keine Kontrastmittel notwendig sind. Die fotodynamische Diagnostik hat sich bereits im klinischen Setting bei der TURB, zumindest bei high-grade Karzinomen etabliert und einen gesicherten Stellenwert in den Leitlinienempfehlungen. Die Kombination von diesen makroskopischen Verfahren mit mikroskopischer Bildgebung könnte die Diagnostik verbessern. Solche neueren Verfahren wie optische Kohärenztomografie oder Konfokale Laser Endomikroskopie sind derzeit in der klinischen Evaluation. Andere Techniken bis hin zur molekularen Bildgebung stellen spannende Konzepte dar, deren Weg in die Klink aber noch lang zu sein scheint.
Long-term follow-up after endoscopic resection for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter Western study
Authors: Berger Arthur , Rahmi Gabriel , Perrod Guillaume , Pioche Mathieu , Canard Jean-Marc , Cesbron-Métivier Elodie , Boursier Jérôme , Samaha Elia , Vienne Ariane , Lépilliez Vincent , Cellier Christophe
Published: September 2018

Background Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are the first-line treatments for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This study aimed to compare long-term clinical outcome and oncological clearance between EMR and ESD for the treatment of superficial esophageal SCC.

Methods We conducted a retrospective multicenter study in five French tertiary care hospitals. Patients treated by EMR or ESD for histologically proven superficial esophageal SCC were included consecutively.

Results Resection was performed for 148 tumors (80 EMR, 68 ESD) in 132 patients. The curative resection rate was 21.3 % in the EMR group and 73.5 % in the ESD group (P < 0.001). The recurrence rate was 23.7 % in the EMR group and 2.9 % in the ESD group (P = 0.002). The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 73.4 % in the EMR group and 95.2 % in the ESD group (P = 0.002). Independent factors for cancer recurrence were resection by EMR (hazard ratio [HR] 16.89, P = 0.01), tumor infiltration depth ≥ m3 (HR 3.28, P = 0.02), no complementary treatment by chemoradiotherapy (HR 7.04, P = 0.04), and no curative resection (HR 11.75, P = 0.01). Risk of metastasis strongly increased in patients with tumor infiltration depth ≥ m3, and without complementary chemoradiotherapy (P = 0.02).

Conclusion Endoscopic resection of superficial esophageal SCC was safe and efficient. Because it was associated with an increased recurrence-free survival rate, ESD should be preferred over EMR. For tumors with infiltration depths ≥ m3, chemoradiotherapy reduced the risk of nodal or distal metastasis.
Epidemiology and Clinical Forms of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Review
Authors: Carvalho Nara , Almeida Juliana , de Oliveira Paula , Meneses Rômulo , Mesquita Patrícia , Pimenta Flávia , Alves José
Published: September 2018

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a disease caused by overactive parathyroid glands with consequent hypercalcemia. However, its presentation is variable, with patients demonstrating a range from normocalcemia to severe hypercalcemic PHPT. The present study aims to perform a literature review on the epidemiology and the clinical forms of PHPT using information published in the PubMed and Cochrane databases. It describes data about prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, classic and non-classic manifestations, providing updated information on classical hypercalcemic hyperthyroidism, in addition to its normocalcemic variant.
Estratégias fotoprotetoras contra fotocarcinogênese e fotoenvelhecimento
Authors: Gregório Eric , Amorim Maria , Almeida Júlia , Paula Rubiana
Published: September 2018

A luz solar é imprescindível para a vida e para processos fisiológicos, mas também está associada, em dose-risco proporcional, ao tempo e à intensidade da exposição, ao desenvolvimento de fotoenvelhecimento e, em casos mais graves, ao surgimento de fotocarcinogênese em pessoas geneticamente suscetíveis e de fototipos mais vulneráveis. Tendo em vista os diversos métodos de proteção solar, em especial as diversas formulações de protetores solares orgânicos e inorgânicos, o presente estudo objetivou revisar a melhor estratégia para proteção contra os efeitos danosos dos raios solares, possibilitando a promoção sustentada de saúde e qualidade de vida. Concluiu-se que o uso de agentes de vestuário de proteção associado a protetores solares de amplo espectro, que combinem compostos inorgânicos/de barreira com compostos orgânicos/de filtragem, forma a combinação mais eficaz para proteção solar, associando elevado grau de barramento de ondas ultravioleta (UV) A e B com fotoestabilidade e resistência à água elevadas para indivíduos que se expõem ao sol por períodos prolongados, especialmente para os que exercem funções laborais nestas condições.
Results of Early Versus Delayed Decompression for Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Single Center Prospective Study
Authors: Nayak Biswaranjan , B. H Krishnamurthy , Kumar Arun , Patro Sushanta , Sahoo Prafulla , Biswal Debabrat , Chandankhede Abhijeet , Singh Balwant , Nayak Himanshu , Shukla Dhanwantari
Published: September 2018

Objective This study was done with the aim to compare the clinical outcome and patient's quality of life between early (within 24 hours post-injury) versus delayed (after 24 hours to 7 days) surgically treated patients of acute cervical spinal cord injury. The current study was based on the hypothesis that early surgical decompression and fixations in acute cervical spinal cord trauma are safe and are associated with improved outcome as compared with delayed surgical decompression.

Methods A total of 54 patients were recruited and divided into early decompression surgery group A (operated within 24 hours of trauma; n = 25) and late/delayed decompression surgery group B (operated between 24 hours and 7 days of trauma; n = 29). The patients in both groups were followed up, and comparative differences noted in the neurological outcome, quality of life, and bony fusion.

Results The early surgery group had lesser postoperative complications. In group A, 54.17% patients had 1 American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade improvement, while 29.17% experienced > 2 AIS grade improvement (p = 0.015). In group B, the neurological improvement was 50 and 21.43%, respectively (p = 0.003). There was a significant improvement in the postoperative quality of life scores in early surgery group.

Conclusion Early surgery in patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury should be considered strongly in view of the lesser complications, better neurological recovery, and reduced mortality.
Pyramidal and Proprioceptive Dysfunctions as the Main Neurologic Features In Symptomatic Type I Chiari Malformation Patients
Authors: Leimig Bruno , Vidal Claudio , Valença Marcelo , Silva Joacil , Matias Filho Walter
Published: September 2018

Objective Broader access to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has increased the diagnosis of tonsillar ectopia, with most of these patients being asymptomatic. The early diagnosis and treatment of type I Chiari malformation (CM I) patients has impact on the prognosis. This study supplements information about the neurologic exam of symptomatic patients with CM I.

Methods The sample was composed of 32 symptomatic patients with CM I diagnosed by a combination of tonsil herniation of more than 5 mm below the magnum foramen (observed in the sagittal T2 MRI) and at least one of the following alterations: intractable occipital headache, ataxia, upper or lower motor neuron impairment, sensitivity deficits (superficial and deep) or lower cranial nerves disorders.

Results Occipital headache was the most frequent symptom (53.12%). During the physical exam, the most common dysfunctions were those from the pyramidal system (96.87%), followed by posterior cord syndrome (87.5%).

Discussion In this study, patients became symptomatic around the fifth decade of life, which is compatible with previous descriptions. Patients with more than 2 years of evolution have worse responses to treatment. Occipital headache, symptoms in the upper limbs, gait and proprioceptive disorders are common findings in patients with CM I.

Conclusion Deep tendinous reflexes and proprioception disorders were the main neurologic features found in symptomatic CM I patients.
Congenital Pneumonia
Authors: Zainudin Zurina , Kassim Zainab , Othman Norlijah
Published: September 2018

Congenital pneumonia is one of the common causes of respiratory distress at birth, with significant morbidity and mortality in neonates, especially among preterm infants, and particularly in developing countries. The etiological agents are many and vary between the developed and underdeveloped parts of the world. Group B streptococci have been attributed as the most common organisms causing severe pneumonia, particularly in developed countries. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is now an increasing risk in underdeveloped countries such as Zimbabwe. Ureaplasma spp. have been highlighted as an important cause of congenital pneumonia in recent years. Clinical manifestations are often nonspecified, and majority of infections appear within the first 48 hours of life. Establishing the microbial diagnosis of congenital pneumonia is challenging. Molecular diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction has an extremely improved diagnostic yield as compared with other conventional detection methods. However, it is often associated with a high level of contamination and may not be available in most hospitals. Management of congenital pneumonia is multifaceted and the most vital is towards eliminating the possible incriminating agent. This review updates the current knowledge on congenital pneumonia and discusses its etiology, diagnosis, preventive strategies, and management.
Influence of electron backflow on discharge asymmetry in atmospheric helium dielectric barrier discharges
Authors: Zhang Yuhui , Dai Dong , Ning Wenjun , Li Licheng
Published: September 2018

In this paper, the transition mechanisms between symmetric and asymmetric discharges in atmospheric helium dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) are investigated via a one-dimensional fluid model. By gradually increasing the gap width, a complete evolution trajectory of the discharge states (i.e. from symmetric single period discharge (SP1) to asymmetric single-period (AP1) discharge, finally returns back to SP1 discharge) is observed. Unlike the previous reports which emphasize the dominant role of residual positive column, this work demonstrates that the transitions between SP1 and AP1 discharges could also be induced by the electron backflow effect. It is the residual electron backflow region that provides extra seed electrons to the subsequent discharge, restraining the development of electric field in the breakdown process, thus weakening the next discharge pulse. Upon the impairment of one discharge pulse, due to the reduction of charge generation and the impairment of electron backflow effect in the relevant discharge phase, its subsequent discharge would be strengthened. Those mechanisms function in different current pulses at different gap widths, inducing the mode transition. In addition, our simulation result reveals that the “residual positive column” referred in previous publications is essentially a special form of the “electron backflow region”, which is typically more remarkable in large gap widths. As a consequence, the dynamics of electron backflow provides more insights regarding the transition of nonlinear states in DBDs with controlling parameters varying.
One parameter is always enough
Authors: Piantadosi Steven T.
Published: September 2018

We construct an elementary equation fθ(x) with a single real valued parameter θ ∈ [0, 1] that, as θ varies, is capable of fitting any scatter plot on any number of points to within a fixed precision. Specifically, given ϵ > 0, we may construct fθ so that for any collection of ordered pairs {(xj,yj)}j=0n with n,xi∈N and yi ∈ (0, 1), there exists a θ ∈ [0, 1] giving |fθ(xj) − yj| < ϵ for all j simultaneously. To achieve this, we apply results about the logistic map, an iterated map in dynamical systems theory that can be solved exactly. The existence of an equation fθ with this property highlights that “parameter counting” fails as a measure of model complexity when the class of models under consideration is only slightly broad.
Generate tensor network state by sequential single-photon scattering in waveguide QED systems
Authors: Xu Shanshan , Fan Shanhui
Published: September 2018

We propose a scheme to generate photonic tensor network states by sequential scattering of photons in waveguide QED systems. We show that sequential scatterings can convert a series of unentangled photons into any type of matrix product states. We also demonstrate the possibility of generating projected entangled pair states with an arbitrary graph structure by photon re-scattering.
Specificity and influence of climatic factors on the pollination of south-eastern Brazilian Sinningia
Authors: Pansarin E. R. , Pansarin L. M.
Published: September 2018

Ornithophily is a widespread pollination syndrome that has evolved independently several times along the evolution of plants. It is reported in sixty-five plant families, including Gesneriaceae. One of the most diverse genera within gesneriads is Sinningia, which comprises species pollinated by bees, hummingbirds and bats. However, little is known about the reproduction biology of either species or on pollinator specificity in this genus. Based on investigations on flowering phenology, flower morpho-anatomy, volume and concentration of floral nectar, pollinators, and breeding system, this paper reports the reproduction and the pollinator specificity of Sinningia douglasii and Sinningia araneosa in natural areas in Brazil. Both species offer nectar as a resource and are exclusively pollinated by a single species of hermit hummingbird. Nectar is produced by glands around the ovary. Pollen is deposited between the base of the beak and the head feathers. Both species are self-compatible and pollinator-dependent. In both Sinningia species, the combination of protandry, pollinator specificity, due to long corolla tubes that exclude the visitation of short-billed hummingbirds. The presence of particular flower features influence the occurrence of pollination by specific pollen vectors, such as hermit hummingbirds, in deterrence of illegitimate visitors (i.e. territorial hummingbirds), protection against vigorous foraging, and accurate placement of pollen on legitimate pollinators. In addition, the foraging of Phaethornis on flowers of Sinningia is independent of relative humidity and air temperature, whereas the main factor influencing hummingbird visits is the luminosity.
Comparative immunogenicity and efficacy of equivalent outer membrane vesicle and glycoconjugate vaccines against nontyphoidal
Salmonella
Authors: Micoli Francesca , Rondini Simona , Alfini Renzo , Lanzilao Luisa , Necchi Francesca , Negrea Aurel , Rossi Omar , Brandt Cornelia , Clare Simon , Mastroeni Pietro , Rappuoli Rino , Saul Allan , MacLennan Calman A.
Published: September 2018

Significance

Bacteria, such as nontyphoidal
Salmonella
, are responsible for a large global burden of disease. Due to limited need in developed countries and consequent lack of commercial incentive, vaccines are unavailable against many bacteria. Glycoconjugates constitute the standard bacterial vaccine approach, but can be costly, particularly where multivalent preparations are required. This report compares a low-cost vesicle-based technology, known as Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA), with glycoconjugate in bivalent vaccines against nontyphoidal
Salmonella
. In head-to-head immunogenicity and infection studies in mice, GMMA performed at least as well as equivalent glycoconjugate vaccine, indicating good potential of this approach. Given that many bacteria are amenable to genetic engineering for GMMA production, the GMMA strategy could provide a breakthrough for a range of needed bacterial vaccines.
Enjeux de la traduction-rédaction Web dans un environnement multilingue
Authors: Husseini Dima EL
Published: September 2018

Cette étude se propose de mener une réflexion sur les enjeux de la traduction-rédaction du discours institutionnel. Il s’agit plus précisément de l’étude des enjeux de la rédaction Web dans l’environnement multilingue. Notre analyse porte, dans une optique traductologique, sur les pratiques de la rédaction Web à travers l’étude de deux exemples de discours institutionnels dans le monde arabe : l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (Bureau régional de la Méditerranée orientale) et l’Organisme général de l’information, portail du gouvernement égyptien chargé de promouvoir la culture et l’image de l’Égypte. La réflexion que nous menons dans cette étude s’interroge sur l’évolution des pratiques de la traduction-rédaction Web dans son rapport avec les métiers de la traduction. Nous analyserons des exemples représentatifs des particularités de la rédaction Web en français et en arabe : production et optimisation de contenus, rédaction de métadonnées, adaptation à l’utilisateur et aux moteurs de recherche. Le fond et la forme du contenu s’inscrivent dans une perspective axée sur l’utilisateur. Les spécificités de la rédaction Web seront étudiées dans leurs rapports avec la culture locale. Quelles particularités pour l’utilisateur arabe notamment égyptien francophone ou non ? Dans ce contexte, une réflexion sera menée sur les enjeux d’ordre linguistique et socio-culturel dans l’opération de rédaction Web du discours institutionnel.
La traduction sous contrainte – une expérience d’enseignement de sous-titrage en traduction pragmatique de l’anglais en japonais
Authors: Ito Hiromi
Published: September 2018

Les étudiants de Master 2 ont sous-titré en japonais une interview d’un économiste américain, réalisée et diffusée par le site Democracy Now!. L’exercice avait pour l’objectif la mise en ligne de la vidéo sous-titrée sur le site de Democracy Now Japan.

Nous examinons le processus des réécritures depuis la première traduction, la rédaction des sous-titres, jusqu’à la révision finale par la responsable du site japonais.

Notre analyse porte sur trois points : (1) la réécriture imposée par les règles et les contraintes de sous-titrage, (2) la réécriture rendue nécessaire pour adapter le contenu des propos de l’économiste américain au public japonais, avec comme étape préliminaire les recherches effectuées par nos étudiants pour la compréhension juste et complète de l’interview réalisée pour le public américain ; (3) la révision finale faite par une traductrice expérimentée.

A travers ces analyses, nous dégagerons les particularités des exercices de sous-titrage en terme de compétences rédactionnelles.
De l’humour involontaire en traduction pragmatique
Authors: Froeliger Nicolas
Published: September 2018

Nous parlons d’humour involontaire lorsque se glisse dans un texte d’arrivée un élément comique qui est passé inaperçu des traducteurs, que ceux-ci en soient à l’origine, ou l’aient simplement transmis par inadvertance. Après avoir positionné ce problème aux confins des études sur l’humour et de la traductologie et différencié le sujet qui nous occupe de celui de la transposition de l’humour volontaire, cet article, qui se limite à la traduction pragmatique, envisage ce phénomène à travers ses différents mécanismes, du plus trivial (méconnaissance de la langue de départ, sacralisation du texte de départ…) au plus subtil (oubli du réel, défaut de raisonnement par catégories…). Il en envisage ensuite la prophylaxie à travers différents moyens (révision, prise de distance, recours à l’humour volontaire), qui sont tous susceptibles de se retourner contre leur utilisateur. C’est le signe qu’une cause plus profonde est à l’œuvre : la peur que le texte traduit apparaisse comme un canular, et fasse honte au traducteur. Peur dont on peut espérer que la professionnalisation croissante aura raison. D’où un dernier remède, suggéré naguère par Marcel Pagnol à Jean d’Ormesson, mais à utiliser avec discernement : « L’important, c’est de s’en foutre. »
The metalinguistic awareness of bilingual (Persian-Baluchi) and monolingual (Persian) learners of English
language
Authors: Izadi Mehri , Yarahmadzehi Nahid
Published: September 2018

The present study aimed to explore the metalinguistic awareness of Persian- and Persian-Baluchi-speaking students who were in the
process of learning English as their second and third languages, respectively. In order to study learners’ metalinguistic
awareness in error identification, correction and explanation they were asked to complete a syntactic awareness test. Findings
demonstrated that Baluch respondents noted and corrected a greater proportion of grammatical errors than Persian respondents in
English. Moreover, Baluch participants had a more grammar-oriented approach in correcting the errors they noted than the Persian
participants, whose approaches were relatively content-oriented for some errors. As for error explanation, Baluch participants
produced a greater proportion of error explanations and had a more grammar-oriented approach than did the Persian participants,
however, their differences in this case were not statistically significant. These differences were observed on the dimensions that
were both similar and dissimilar across the three languages (Persian, Baluchi, and English).
Identities of accommodation; identities of resistance
Authors: Graziano Matthew James , Okazaki Sumie , Chun Grace , Barnes Sophie P.
Published: September 2018

To explore individual identity narratives of accommodation and resistance in relationship to dominant American social, political and cultural constructs, this paper uses the Listening Guide Method of Qualitative Inquiry (Gilligan et al., 2006) to investigate the intersectionality of race, ethnicity, gender and American identity during and post college among four second-generation, college educated, Korean American women. The analysis, drawing from the emergence of themes across interviews, found that participant women accommodated and/or resisted dominant American social, political, and cultural constructs in service of their individual Korean American identities narratives during and post college.
Confirming two cultures
Authors: Irwin Anthea
Published: September 2018

The learning journey of adult learners of Irish in post-conflict Northern Ireland can contain contentious elements, particularly related to (perceived) politicisation of the language during and following the conflict.Coates and Thornborrow (2005)suggest that stories involve striking a balance between deviation from norms and presenting oneself as “culture confirming”, so an apt way to explore these learners’ experiences is to elicit and analyse their narratives. A majority of the narratives contain one or more “opponents”, in the Greimasian sense, that detrimentally affected the learner’s engagement with the Irish language and would therefore invite negative evaluation. The learners, however, use a unique range of devices to mitigate, background, abstract or make implicit their evaluation. This enables them to simultaneously mark and move on from the challenge, maintain or restore equilibrium, and confirm two cultures: their traditional culture and a new post-conflict cultural formation.
Processing of grammatical metaphor
Authors: Heilmann Arndt , Serbina Tatiana , Neumann Stella
Published: September 2018

This paper investigates cognitive effort invested in the translation and reading of grammatical metaphor. It is based on the
results of two experiments conducted using the methods of keylogging and eyetracking. To test differences in processing, we
devised a number of metaphorical and congruent stimuli integrated into a popular-scientific text. In this paper cognitive effort,
operationalized through a number of pause and gaze measures, is examined by means of linear-mixed regression modelling. Our
results show no difference in processing effort between congruent and metaphorical stretches of text.
Iconic culture-specific images influence language non-selective translation activation in bilinguals
Authors: Kapiley Keerthana , Kumar Mishra Ramesh
Published: September 2018

Two experiments using the visual-world paradigm examined whether culture-specific images influence the activation of translation
equivalents during spoken-word recognition in bilinguals. In Experiment 1, the participants performed a visual-world task during
which they were asked to click on the target after the spoken word (L1 or L2). In Experiment 2, the participants were presented
with culture-specific images (faces representing L1, L2 and Neutral) during the visual world task. Time-course analysis of
Experiment 1 revealed that there were a significantly higher number of looks to TE-cohort member compared to distractors only when
participants heard to L2 words. In Experiment 2, when the cultural-specific images were congruent with the spoken word’s language,
participants deployed higher number of looks to TE-cohort member compared to distractors. This effect was seen in both the
language directions but not when the culture-specific images were incongruent with the spoken word. The eyetracking data suggest
that culture-specific images influence cross-linguistic activation of semantics during bilingual audio-visual language
processing.