bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turnover of retroelements and satellite DNA drives centromere reorganization over short evolutionary timescales in Drosophila
Authors: Courret Cécile , Hemmer Lucas W. , Wei Xiaolu , Patel Prachi D. , Chabot Bryce J. , Fuda Nicholas J. , Geng Xuewen , Chang Ching-Ho , Mellone Barbara G. , Larracuente Amanda M.
Published: November 2024

Centromeres reside in rapidly evolving, repeat-rich genomic regions, despite their essential function in chromosome segregation. Across organisms, centromeres are rich in selfish genetic elements such as transposable elements and satellite DNAs that can bias their transmission through meiosis. However, these elements still need to cooperate at some level and contribute to, or avoid interfering with, centromere function. To gain insight into the balance between conflict and cooperation at centromeric DNA, we take advantage of the close evolutionary relationships within the Drosophila simulans clade—D. simulans, D. sechellia, and D. mauritiana—and their relative, D. melanogaster. Using chromatin profiling combined with high-resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization on stretched chromatin fibers, we characterize all centromeres across these species. We discovered dramatic centromere reorganization involving recurrent shifts between retroelements and satellite DNAs over short evolutionary timescales. We also reveal the recent origin (<240 Kya) of telocentric chromosomes in D. sechellia, where the X and fourth centromeres now sit on telomere-specific retroelements. Finally, the Y chromosome centromeres, which are the only chromosomes that do not experience female meiosis, do not show dynamic cycling between satDNA and TEs. The patterns of rapid centromere turnover in these species are consistent with genetic conflicts in the female germline and have implications for centromeric DNA function and karyotype evolution. Regardless of the evolutionary forces driving this turnover, the rapid reorganization of centromeric sequences over short evolutionary timescales highlights their potential as hotspots for evolutionary innovation.
Stochastic models allow improved inference of microbiome interactions from time series data
Authors: Zapién-Campos Román , Bansept Florence , Traulsen Arne
Published: November 2024

How can we figure out how the different microbes interact within microbiomes? To combine theoretical models and experimental data, we often fit a deterministic model for the mean dynamics of a system to averaged data. However, in the averaging procedure a lot of information from the data is lost—and a deterministic model may be a poor representation of a stochastic reality. Here, we develop an inference method for microbiomes based on the idea that both the experiment and the model are stochastic. Starting from a stochastic model, we derive dynamical equations not only for the average, but also for higher statistical moments of the microbial abundances. We use these equations to infer distributions of the interaction parameters that best describe the biological experimental data—improving identifiability and precision. The inferred distributions allow us to make predictions but also to distinguish between fairly certain parameters and those for which the available experimental data does not give sufficient information. Compared to related approaches, we derive expressions that also work for the relative abundance of microbes, enabling us to use conventional metagenome data, and account for cases where not a single host, but only replicate hosts, can be tracked over time.
The human posterior parietal cortices orthogonalize the representation of different streams of information concurrently coded in visual working memory
Authors: Xu Yaoda
Published: November 2024

The key to adaptive visual processing lies in the ability to maintain goal-directed visual representation in the face of distraction. In visual working memory (VWM), distraction may come from the coding of distractors or other concurrently retained targets. This fMRI study reveals a common representational geometry that our brain uses to combat both types of distractions in VWM. Specifically, using fMRI pattern decoding, the human posterior parietal cortex is shown to orthogonalize the representations of different streams of information concurrently coded in VWM, whether they are targets and distractors, or different targets concurrently held in VWM. The latter is also seen in the human occipitotemporal cortex. Such a representational geometry provides an elegant and simple solution to enable independent information readout, effectively combating distraction from the different streams of information, while accommodating their concurrent representations. This representational scheme differs from mechanisms that actively suppress or block the encoding of distractors to reduce interference. It is likely a general neural representational principle that supports our ability to represent information beyond VWM in other situations where multiple streams of visual information are tracked and processed simultaneously.
Policy formulation and actor roles in the expanded Kenyan free maternity policy (Linda Mama): A policy analysis
Authors: Oyugi Boniface , Audi-Poquillon Zilper , Kendall Sally , Peckham Stephen , Barasa Edwine
Published: November 2024

In 2013, Kenya implemented free maternity services, later expanded in 2016 into the ‘Linda Mama’ policy to provide essential health services for pregnant women. This study explored the policy formulation background, processes, content, and actors’ roles in formulation and implementation. Using a convergent parallel mixed-methods case study design, we reviewed documents and conducted in-depth interviews with national stakeholders, county officials, and healthcare workers. We applied a theoretical framework capturing the background and context, processes, content, and actors. The study spanned national, county, and facility levels within Kenya’s health system. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a framework thematic approach. Findings showed that political imperatives and global and national goals shaped the expanded policy, drawing on previous learnings. Actor power played a crucial role in shaping policy direction, reflecting their interests and capacity to influence decisions. The policy aimed to improve coverage and administrative efficiency, with NHIF becoming the primary purchaser of services to ensure sustainability and address legal challenges. The policy design, marked by conflicts and time pressures, required a collaborative approach to reconcile design and costing differences. Despite differing interests, discussions and dialogues were essential for leadership and conflict management, culminating in key policy documents. A committee was established for stakeholders to freely discuss and debate the policy design, enabling relevant players to devise solutions and fostering joint commitment for implementation. Government officials, development partners, and representatives significantly influenced policy formulation. Beneficiary representatives had limited awareness of public participation opportunities. National and county actors supported achieving audit, research, financing, and strategic operational goals crucial for policy implementation. In conclusion, this study highlights the continued significance of policy analysis frameworks and theories in understanding the complex nature of policy development. These findings offer valuable insights for countries designing or redesigning healthcare policies and provide relevant information to academic communities.
Improving cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life among heart failure patients: A comparative study of circuit resistance training and myofascial release techniques
Authors: Thomaz Sergio R. , Goulart Cássia Da Luz , Turri-Silva Natália , Teixeira Felipe A. , Freitas Luis , Rodrigues Glauco Lima , Cipriano Graziella França B. , Cipriano Gerson , Cahalin Lawrence P.
Published: November 2024

Background

Heart failure (HF) imposes limitations due to severe dyspnea and fatigue, which are often linked to diminished exercise tolerance, potentially influenced by compromised microvascular density, blood flow, and muscle strength. Myofascial release techniques (MRT) have demonstrated the capacity to enhance blood flow by reducing fascial tension.

Purpose

To assess the impact of incorporating MRT into Circuit Resistance Training (CRT) in comparison to an unsupervised home-based rehabilitation (RUHB) program on exercise tolerance (ET), muscle strength (MS), quality of life (QoL), and depression in patients with HF.

Methods

A randomized clinical trial involved HF patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF, ejection fraction <50%) and NYHA classes II–IV. Participants were randomly assigned to either CRT (performing 2 circuits of 8 exercises thrice a week for three months) or CRT+MRT (receiving a combination of CRT and 6 MRT interventions once a week). Assessments included cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) to measure ET, MS evaluated through One Repetition Maximum (1RM), QoL using the Minnesota Living with HF Questionnaire (MLwHFQ), and Depression through the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) conducted before and after the interventions.

Results

Thirty-eight patients (14 in CRT, 14 in CRT+MRT, and 10 in RUHB), with a mean age of 55 years and 50% male, completed the study. After 12 weeks, only the CRT group displayed a significant effect in certain ET variables VO2 peak [baseline 12 (9–15) vs post 16 (11–19) ml/kg/min, p<0.05], VO2peak (ml/min) [baseline 848 (640–1056) vs post 1103 (852–1355) p<0.05], VE/VCO2 slope [baseline 34 (27–41) vs post 31 (27–36) p<0.05] and VO2/HRpeak [baseline 7 (5–9) vs post 11 (8–14) p<0.05]. There were significant decreases in the ΔMLwHFQ in the CRT group vs. RUHB (p<0.001) and CRT+MRT group vs. RUHB (p<0.001), demonstrating improved quality of life after 12 weeks in CRT and CRT+MRT groups.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that CRT alone is sufficient to enhance cardiorespiratory function and muscle capacity, improve the quality of life, and alleviate depression in individuals with HF.
Reducing carbon emissions in the cement industry using effective measures based on countries’ characteristics
Authors: Gao Hui , Wang Donglin , Zhao Zhongwei , Dang Pei
Published: November 2024

Cement production contributes 5% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions (CEs), and more than 90% of the CEs are in the procedure of pyroprocessing. Thus calculating the pyroprocessing CO2 emission number (PCEN), determining CE-impacted factors, and investigating tailored measures of PCEN reduction for countries based on their characteristics is quite necessary. More specifically, different countries can meet different obstacles to reducing PCENs, such as different restrictions on natural resources and policies, improper energy structures, and so on. With this in mind, tailored measures for PCEN reduction in different countries should be investigated and developed based on their own characteristics. This study selects four sample countries, China, the US, Australia, and Turkey, because of their representative locations and characteristics and then determines PCENs for these countries. The results show that the PCENs of China, the US, Australia, and Turkey are 884, 886, 828, and 913 kgCO2/t clinker, respectively. Subsequently, the most PCEN-impacted factors are analyzed, and the reasons for sample countries’ different PCENs are discussed. Then, corresponding custom measures are proposed for each country based on its characteristics. The measures proposed in this study can help with the PCE reduction in the world’s cement industry, and the collected data and calculated results can be used to further research on improving energy conservation and emission reduction measures.
Effective phosphorus removal using transformed water hyacinth: Performance evaluation in fixed-bed columns and practical applications
Authors: Ramirez-Muñoz Anyi , Flórez Elizabeth , Ocampo-Perez Raúl , Acelas Nancy
Published: November 2024

This study introduces calcined water hyacinth (CWH), processed at 650°C, as a novel and environmentally friendly adsorbent for phosphorus (P) removal from wastewater. Building on previous findings that identified CWH as a rich source of metal oxides and hydroxides (e.g., Ca(OH)₂, Al₂O₃, MgO, Fe₃O₄), this research explores its application in fixed-bed column systems for continuous adsorption processes. The study demonstrates that CWH effectively removes phosphorus through apatite formation, showcasing its potential for real-world water treatment. The phosphorus adsorption capacity increased from 23.64 to 26.55 mg/g when the flow rate was reduced from 1.5 to 0.5 mL/min. Breakthrough curves fitted to the Thomas, Adams-Bohart, and Yoon-Nelson models provided critical insights into column performance, while the Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) model confirmed the feasibility of employing CWH in continuous-flow systems. The practical tests on synthetic municipal wastewater, which revealed a maximum adsorption capacity of 5.20 mg/g, further demonstrated CWH’s effectiveness for treating wastewater with low phosphorus concentrations, providing reassurance about its real-world applicability. Furthermore, the study found that increasing the adsorbent height improved column performance by extending breakthrough and exhaustion times, whereas higher flow rates led to faster saturation and reduced capacity. The exhausted CWH material can be repurposed as a soil amendment or fertilizer feedstock, supporting nutrient recycling.
The long-term relationship between oil price changes and economic growth from the perspective of the resource curse: An empirical study from Yemen
Authors: Amer Ebrahim Abbas Abdullah Abbas , Xiuwu Zhang , Meyad Ebrahim Mohammed Ali , Meyad Ali. M. , Mohsin A. K. M. , Rahman Arifur
Published: November 2024

A common conundrum discussed in economic research revolves around the fact that nations endowed with plentiful natural resources often exhibit a lower gross domestic product (GDP). This conundrum is commonly called the "resource curse", where most empirical studies about the effects primarily focused on developed economies. At the same time, limited data is available regarding a burgeoning oil-exporting nation like the Republic of Yemen. This research endeavor aims to investigate the relationship between oil price Changes and Yemen’s economic growth. Utilizing annual data spanning from 1990 to 2019, the study employs the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to establish the long-term connection between oil price volatility and economic growth over both short and long timeframes. This study’s outcomes indicate that oil price Changes have a significant positive relationship with Yemen’s economic growth in both the long and short run. Oil rents show a significant negative relationship with economic growth in both the long and short run. The results of GLM, RLS, and GMM robustness checks are consistent with our model results. Based on these findings, we suggest that Yemen should diversify its economy by investing in agriculture and tourism, and focus on human capital, education, and research and development. These steps could reduce the economy’s dependence on oil and enhance sustainable economic growth. These empirical insights and suggestions are particularly useful for policymakers as they help build sound external and economic policies to sustain long-term economic growth.
Experimental study on the evaluation in thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical properties of cement-stabilized clay
Authors: Chen Zihan
Published: November 2024

A thorough and comprehensive knowledge of the evolutionary pattern in the thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical (THMC) behavior of cement-stabilized clay is essential for a more reasonable design of improved clay in practical engineering. Sensitive marine clays with low strength, reinforced by various cement contents (0%, 6%, and 12%), were produced as samples to study the evolutionary pattern of the THMC behavior of reinforced clays. Samples with designed curing times (1, 3, 7, 28, and 90 days) will be trimmed to the appropriate size and utilized in a series of mechanical tests. Furthermore, the other portion of the samples, which is pre-installed with sensors, is used to monitor the development in internal temperature, volumetric water content, suction, and electrical conductivity for 90 days. The results showed that the content of cement and curing time have a significant influence on the THMC behavior of reinforced clay. Meanwhile, the results indicate a strong coupling of the THMC behavior of clays reinforced by cement. The results will be of critical assistance in gaining advanced knowledge into the evolutionary pattern in the THMC behavior of reinforced clays as well as making a contribution to optimizing the stability, cost-effectiveness, and durability of the design of reinforced clays.
Social and health system barriers: Investigating Circumstances of Mortality Categories (COMCATs) for deceased patients with T2DM in the sub-national Saudi Arabia register
Authors: Alyazidi Faleh , Shakely Deler , Alyazidi Fawaz , Alnasser Lubna A. , Petzold Max , Hussain-Alkhateeb Laith
Published: November 2024

Health policy debates rely on reliable and timely information on major causes of mortality and their associated attributors, especially to overcome the traditional public health focus restricted to the biomedical cause of death (COD). This study explores relevant social and health system circumstantial barriers to accessing healthcare services among deceased patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Saudi Arabia. A total of 302 verbal autopsy (VA) interviews were conducted with relatives or caregivers of the deceased who died between 2018 and 2021, based on T2DM medical records from Alnoor Specialist Hospital in the Western Province, Saudi Arabia. The Bayesian-based InterVA-5 algorithm was employed as a validated source to determine the probable COD and Circumstances Of Mortality Categories (COMCATs) for each case. COMCATs stand for predetermined categories of multiple social and healthcare system circumstances that contribute to an individual’s death. The likelihoods of COD and COMCATs derived from InterVA-5 software were computed independently to generate the ‘cause-specific mortality fractions’ (CSMFs) of the COD and COMCATs. The CSMFs for the seven COMCATs categories were then ranked based on their derived probabilities for the corresponding COMCATs across all major COD categories. The top CODs were circulatory diseases (35.8%), stroke (16.6%), and diabetes mellitus (14.3%). The probabilities of COMCATs indicated that most deaths were attributed to ‘inevitable’ causes (e.g., terminal illness), followed by ‘recognition’ (inability to recognize the severity of illness) and ‘traditions’ (local attitudes deterring patients from seeking medical services on time). Addressing ‘recognition’ and ‘traditions’ barriers could reduce mortality rates and improve access to healthcare, helping the Saudi health system accelerate the progress towards the systematic measurement of key universal health coverage indicators. The study emphasizes the need for a robust and standardized VA method within routine medical services to address factors influencing healthcare access towards improved health outcomes.
Factors associated with perinatal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Bezie Meklit Melaku , Asebe Hiwot Altaye , Asnake Angwach Abrham , Fente Bezawit Melak , Negussie Yohannes Mekuria , Asmare Zufan Alamrie , Melkam Mamaru , Seifu Beminate Lemma
Published: November 2024

Background

Perinatal mortality is a major global public health concern, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite perinatal mortality being a major public health concern in SSA, there are very limited studies on the incidence and factors associated with perinatal mortality. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the factors associated with perinatal mortality in SSA.

Methods

A secondary data analysis was conducted based on the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data of 27 SSA countries. About 314,099 births in the preceding five years of the surveys were considered for the analysis. A multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with perinatal mortality. Deviance (-2Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR)) was used for model comparison. The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with the 5% Confidence Interval (CI) of the best-fitted model was used to verify the significant association between factors and perinatal mortality.

Results

The perinatal mortality rate in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was 37.31 per 1,000 births (95% CI: 36.65, 37.98). In the final best-fit model, factors significantly associated with higher perinatal mortality included media exposure (AOR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.17), maternal age ≥ 35 years (AOR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.21), health facility delivery (AOR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.15), having 2–4 births (AOR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.47), five or more births (AOR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.53, 1.86), residence in West Africa (AOR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.36) or Central Africa (AOR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.11), rural residency (AOR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.13), and difficulty accessing a health facility (AOR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.10). In contrast, factors significantly associated with lower perinatal mortality were a preceding birth interval of 2–4 years (AOR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.74) or five or more years (AOR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84, 0.97), Antenatal Care (ANC) visit (AOR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.69), higher education levels (AOR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.93), middle household wealth (AOR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.98), and richer household wealth (AOR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.99).

Conclusion

Perinatal mortality was a major public health problem in SSA. Maternal socio-demographic, obstetrical, and healthcare-related factors are significantly associated with perinatal mortality. The findings of this study highlighted the need for holistic healthcare interventions targeting enhancing maternal healthcare services to reduce the incidence of perinatal mortality.
Seasonal influenza vaccination: Attitudes and practices of healthcare providers in Jordan
Authors: Hamdan Olla , Amarin Justin Z. , Potter Molly , Haddadin Zaid , Yanis Ahmad , Shawareb Yanal , Khuri-Bulos Najwa , Haddadin Randa , Halasa Natasha B. , Spieker Andrew J.
Published: November 2024

Background

Influenza is associated with significant global morbidity and mortality, with vaccination being the primary preventive strategy. Despite recommendations, influenza vaccine uptake among healthcare providers (HCPs) remains suboptimal, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean. We aimed to assess the attitudes and practices of HCPs in Jordan regarding seasonal influenza vaccination and assess sources of variation thereof.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey study among a sample of HCPs practicing in Jordan (12/29/2020–04/26/2021). Participants completed a questionnaire assessing demographics, influenza vaccination history, attitudes, and practices. We used logistic regression to evaluate factors related to vaccine receipt and reasons for non-vaccination. We used proportional odds models to evaluate factors related to HCP recommendations and to compare opinions on influenza vaccination between ever- and never-vaccinated HCPs.

Results

Of 305 survey initiates, 206 HCPs (67.5%) comprised the analytic sample. The median age was 35 years; 61.2% were women, and 43.7% were pharmacists. Over half (52.9%) never received an influenza vaccine; however, older age and self-identifying as a physician were associated with higher odds of having ever received the influenza vaccine. The main reasons for non-vaccination were related to the misassessment of risks and benefits. Prior receipt of influenza vaccination was strongly associated with odds of recommending vaccination (or = 10.5; 95% CI = [5.38–20.3]; p<0.001). The COVID-19 pandemic reportedly enhanced influenza vaccine acceptance among 48.5% of HCPs surveyed.

Conclusions

Low influenza vaccine uptake among healthcare providers in Jordan is related to misassessment of risks and benefits. Enhancing attitudes and confidence through tailored education is crucial to overcoming hesitancy and promoting sustained improvements in vaccination attitudes and practices among HCPs in Jordan.
Dyeing as a place-making practice: Examining human–environment relations through foraging practices in southern Finland
Authors: Uribe Leonardo Hidalgo
Published: November 2024

The seriousness of the environmental impact of textile dyeing practices has pushed the need to explore different ways of working with colour. A relevant part of research on biocolourants has focused on meeting current colour standards through explorations in lab or studio settings without considering the complex ecological relations in the places where biocolourants grow. Working with foraged dyestuffs in turn offers the opportunity to understand dyeing from a place-based perspective, where colours emerge from the entanglements between the dyers and the environment. The article examines foraging and dyeing practices using practice-led research and autoethnographic methods and studies the author’s relations with the forest areas in Vanhankaupunginlahti and Kalkkiranta in southern Finland. By creating a colour library using foraged biocolourants that grow in a particular ecosystem, dyers can learn about the environments they inhabit through movement and sensory engagement, and this knowledge can inform their understanding of dyeing and colour in textiles. The article argues that dyers can engage with the landscape by learning to notice and correspond with the ongoing change of dyestuffs through walking and observation. When foraging, the agency and intentions of the dyer become compromised by the limits of the environment. This questions the place of colour in design practice, where palettes are usually decided without considering the ecologies of dyestuffs. Working with foraged biocolourants for dyeing textiles can trigger the imagination and find ways to coordinate colour-making processes with the rhythms of the environment.
Exploring Ruth Ju-Shih Li’s Metaphorical Flowers: A journey into the ephemeral
Authors: Asmaz Aysenur Ceren , Önal Nizam Orçun
Published: November 2024

Art serves as a profound medium for individuals to express their innermost thoughts, experiences and emotions, holding considerable significance for both artists and audiences. It eases the meaningful exploration and communication of personal narratives and sentiments, highlighting the profound expressive capabilities within the realm of art. Taiwanese–Australian artist Ruth Ju-Shih Li presents a profound narrative through her contemporary ceramic art, particularly the captivating Metaphorical Flowers series since 2019. These works, resembling metaphorical self-portraits, encapsulate Li’s spirituality using raw clay. Their ‘ephemeral’ nature, akin to abstract images of astral journeys, reflects the transient nature of human existence from a universal perspective. In contrast to conventional ceramics, Li’s creations strike a delicate balance between intricate detail and inherent transience, crafted from raw, unfired clay. This unique approach challenges traditional notions of permanence in art, with sculptures often beginning to disintegrate during creation and exhibition, offering viewers a transformative experience as they witness the gradual collapse of her installations. Li’s creative process extends beyond individual experiences to encompass the stories of others, allowing common emotions to be filtered through these narratives and transformed into varied forms that resonate with the audience. The narrative style she constructs creates a feeling of depth in the audience, with a form of expression that symbolizes the human life cycle. This evocative portrayal invites viewers to contemplate the transient nature of existence and the cyclical journey of life, adding a profound layer of meaning to her artworks.
Introduction to "Quantum mechanics and reality"
Authors: Arroyo Raoni , Arenhart Jonas R. B. , De Ronde Christian , Fernández Mouján Raimundo
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces the Special Issue of Theoria entitled "Quantum Mechanics and Reality". We first comment on its origins related to the VIII International Workshop on Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Information, promoted by the International Network on Foundations of Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Information. We then briefly introduce each contribution individually, bringing the papers together under the Special Issue's topic.
Fowl adenovirus 8a isolated from chickens with runting and stunting syndrome induces inclusion body hepatitis and hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in chicken embryos
Authors: Nuñez Luis , Santander-Parra Silvana , Catroxo Marcia , Astolfi-Ferreira Claudete Serrano , Loor-Giler Anthony , Ferreira Antonio Piantino
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim: Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) is the etiological agent of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) in poultry. It is also detected in chickens with runting and stunting syndrome (RSS). FAdV has been detected worldwide, and genotypes 8a, 8b, and 11 have been identified in chickens with enteric problems in Brazil. Nevertheless, none of them have been isolated; therefore, these viruses propagate; thus, the viral behavior and pathogenicity are unknown in Brazil. This study aimed to isolate FAdV from the enteric content of chickens affected by RSS.

Materials and Methods: Enteric content samples from chickens affected with RSS and a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for FAdV were inoculated into specific pathogen-free chicken embryonated eggs (CEEs) through the yolk and chorioallantoic membrane routes on 8 and 10 days of age, respectively and the eggs were incubated for five days for viral isolation.

Results: The embryos exhibited dwarfism, beak atrophy, and pale claws. In addition, some embryos displayed edema and gelatin-like characteristics. The liver exhibited hepatomegaly and multiple necrotic foci, resembling the appearance of nutmeg. In addition, the kidneys appeared enlarged and pale. After 8 days of incubation, the hearts of the inoculated embryos showed hydropericardium. Microscopic evaluation revealed the presence of hepatitis, which was characterized by the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies and cellular necrosis. Viral FAdV particles were observed in kidney cells using electron microscopy. Viral DNA was detected in the embryos in all three passages, and viral gene copies were also measured in some organs, with high FAdV gene copies detected in the spleen and bursa beyond the liver.

Conclusion: The molecular characterization of FAdV revealed that the isolated strain belonged to genotype 8a of FAdV. Here, FAdV-8a from chickens infected with RSSs produced IBH/HHS in CEE, and FAdV-8a detected in RSS outbreaks, in addition to producing IBH/HHS in chicken embryos, could be a possible viral agent that causes IBH/HHS in chickens.

Keywords: chicken embryonated eggs, fowl adenovirus, hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome, inclusion body hepatitis, runting and stunting syndrome.
Use of Biosimilars to Infliximab During Pregnancy in Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results From the Pregnancy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Neonatal Outcomes Study
Authors: Long Millie D. , Kane Sunanda , Beaulieu Dawn , Abraham Bincy , Zhang Xian , Mahadevan Uma
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION:

We aimed to compare pregnancy outcomes of women with inflammatory bowel disease using biosimilar vs originator infliximab (IFX).

METHODS:

In a prospective cohort of pregnant women with inflammatory bowel disease, we collected characteristics, medications, pregnancy outcomes, and developmental milestones. We compared outcomes by IFX biosimilar or originator use via bivariate statistics.

RESULTS:

A total of 100 pregnant women on originator IFX and 20 on biosimilar IFX were included. There were no differences in pregnancy complications between groups (48% vs 35%, P = 0.29). Infant developmental milestones were comparable at 12 months.

DISCUSSION:

Biosimilar IFX is not associated with adverse pregnancy or infant outcomes.
Acerca del acto educativo
Authors: Montero Anzola Jaime , Duvanca Reyes Elizabeth
Published: November 2024

En este capítulo se reflexiona en torno a la felicidad, el nihilismo y la reconciliación, aspectos esenciales de la compasión y de la necesidad de pensar acerca del destino de la humanidad. En el primer apartado se muestra la relación entre la felicidad, el consumismo, la alienación y la degradación de la persona. En el segundo, se ponen en contexto algunos aspectos de la filosofía socrática, la idea de la felicidad y el legado asumido por la escuela estoica como filosofía de vida. A continuación, se trabaja la idea de la subjetividad elemental y la vacuidad desarrollada por Nishitani Keiji, filósofo de la escuela de Kioto. En el tercer apartado se hacen algunas diferenciaciones entre el dolor y el sufrimiento y la importancia de la reconciliación. Posteriormente, se muestra la necesidad de considerar la raza humana como proyecto que va más allá de los sucesos cotidianos transitorios y el anhelo de aspirar a una nación humana universal teniendo como punto de referencia la regla de oro: ‘Trata a los demás como quisieras ser tratado’.
Acompañamiento psicoemocional en los cuidados paliativos según la etapa del ciclo vital: una proposición educativa
Authors: Gaitán Acosta Karen , Maldonado Angie Johana
Published: November 2024

El presente texto tiene como objetivo promover el abordaje de los cuidados paliativos a través del acompañamiento psicoemocional según la etapa del ciclo vital, lo que da lugar a incentivar la construcción de instrumentos que contribuyan al tratamiento profesional de estos cuidados. Surge como una propuesta educativa llevada a cabo en el Semillero Innovo en Educación “Proyecto de Vida y Misión: Escuela de Voluntariado”. Dentro de la propuesta, se entienden los cuidados paliativos como un sistema de apoyo profesional que busca mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes terminales, las personas en su entorno familiar y sus cuidadores, priorizando su bienestar psicoemocional. Dicho enfoque integral pretende mejorar la calidad de vida de la persona mediante un acompañamiento individual y familiar, con el fin de facilitar un final de vida en paz y con auténtica dignidad. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, se proponen cuatro tipos de actividades, cada una dirigida a una población diferente según la etapa del ciclo vital, con el propósito de crear, orientar y aplicar diversas dinámicas a partir de las características, los conocimientos e intereses propios de cada grupo, dado que la experiencia de la enfermedad, el fallecimiento y el duelo no es la misma para un niño en comparación con un adulto maduro o mayor. Es fundamental, entonces, que las herramientas se adapten a cada población y contexto.
Finite element analysis of heat transfer behavior in glass fiber/metal composite materials under constant heat load
Authors: Wang Ke , Zhu Ting , Ma Qian , Wang Shudong , Zhou Hongtao , Zhao Jumei , Jin Limin
Published: November 2024

A finite element analysis model was employed to analyze the heat conduction behavior of glass fiber/metal (stainless steel, aluminum, or oxygen-free copper) composite materials under a constant thermal load of 100°C on the metal surface, i.e., the temperature distribution after reaching thermal equilibrium. By comparing and analyzing the effects of different metal materials, different air convection heat transfer capabilities, and different metal phase thicknesses, the heat transfer mechanism is elaborated. The results indicate that the metal with stronger heat conduction capacity induces more uniform temperature distribution, while the temperature uniformity on the fiber is relatively worse. Besides, with the increase of the air convection heat transfer coefficient, the temperature on the fiber phase shows a significant downward trend, however, the impact on the metal phase remains limited. In addition, the metal thickness primarily affects the weight or rigidity of the composite material, with minimal impact on temperature distribution.
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells regulate glutathione metabolism depending on the ERK–Nrf2–HO-1 signal pathway to repair phosphoramide mustard-induced ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Sun Lu , Fan Xiaodong , Chen Qian , Liu Guoyan
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to study the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) on glutathione (GSH) metabolism in human ovarian cancer cells induced by phosphoramide mustard (PM). The experiment was divided into five groups, namely, the blank group (ovarian cancer cells), the control group (ovarian cancer cells + HUC-MSCs), the model group (ovarian cancer cells + PM), the treatment group (ovarian cancer cells + PM + HUC-MSCs), and the inhibitor group (ovarian cancer cells + PM + HUC-MSCs + extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase inhibitor PD98059). The apoptosis rate of ovarian cancer cells was detected by flow cytometry. Intracellular levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH, γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Protein imprinting and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to detect extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), p-ERK heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein levels. First, the apoptosis rate in the model group was increased compared with that of the blank group. The levels of γ-GCS, p-ERK, HO-1, and Nrf-2 decreased, while the levels of malondialdehyde, GSSG, and ROS increased. Second, compared with the model group, the apoptosis rate in the treatment group decreased. GSH, γ-GCS, p-ERK, HO-1, and Nrf2 levels increased. Malondialdehyde, GSSG, and ROS levels decreased. Third, after the administration of ERK inhibitor, the apoptosis rate of cells increased. GSH, p-ERK, and HO-1 levels decreased. GSSG and ROS levels increased (P < 0.05), and γ-GCS level had a downward trend compared with the treatment group. To conclude, HUC-MSCs may regulate the ERK–Nrf2–HO-1 pathway to increase γ-GCS expression and GSH production, reduce ROS level and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells, and improve antioxidant capacity.
Variational approach to chemical reactions beyond local equilibrium
Authors: Herrera-Castro Filiberto , del Río Jesus Antonio
Published: November 2024

The formal description of chemical reactions far from equilibrium is an open task. Chemical reactions are central to various phenomena in life, industry, and the environment. In this work, we use a variational principle within the framework of extended irreversible thermodynamics to obtain relaxation equations for the fast variables and close the balance equations. Our approach extends traditional local equilibrium thermodynamics by incorporating formal expressions for the unknown generalized equations of state, which we can expand in low and higher-order terms, allowing for a more comprehensive representation of non-linear and dissipative phenomena and capturing wave-like behaviours relevant to oscillatory chemical systems. The formalism aligns well with previous theoretical works and provides additional insights into the influence of diffusion fluxes on reaction rates. The resulting equations may describe velocity reactions with different relaxation times and diffusion reactions. We present a comparison of our results with experiments in the context of a particular chemical kinetics case. We emphasize the need for practical applications in areas like environmentally friendly chemical reaction systems.
Performance analysis of high dynamic range OFDM radio over fiber system for 5G/NR signals
Authors: Muhsin Muhannad Y. , Mohammad Zainab F. , Jihad Noor J.
Published: November 2024

This paper provides a system architecture to evaluate the results of high dynamic range orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) as a technique to transfer the 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) basebands signal over fiber, for the signals of the fifth generation/new radio (5G/NR) broadcasting at 28 GHz suitable for millimeter wave (mm-wave) applications. With this radio-over-fiber (RoF) system, the Optiwave Opti-system software (2024) is used for the assessment research. The integration of 64QAM-OFDM and RoF methods has led to a reduction in wireless network costs while maintaining a high data rate. This paper shows the RoF system design, for a 100 MHz 5G/NR signal broadcast at 28 GHz, results the largest dynamic range for millimeter wave applications. With an optical modulator design of the IF and LO signals, 64-QAM OFDM is possible. Better dynamic range may be achieved by using this approach to eliminate the error in optical bands before the photo recognition process. The optical spectrum of the transmitted signal, signal to noise ratio (SNR), error vector magnitude (EVM), and the cancelation diagram serve as the foundation for the performance analysis. Based on the acquired results, the system that is being presented is a strong contender for mobile communication systems in the context of 5G and beyond.
High yield of congenital hypothyroidism among infants attending Children Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Facility based study in the absence of newborn screening
Authors: Kahssay Menbere , Ngwiri Thomas
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) is a treatable cause of intellectual disability. Late diagnosis and delayed initiation of treatment leads to irreversible neurodevelopmental and intellectual disability. Thus, newborn screening is crucial. However, 71 % of babies are born in an area with no established newborn screening program and Kenya is not an exception. We aimed to determine the incidence of CHT, developmental outcomes of patients in the absence of newborn screening.

Methods

A retrospective data of subjects who met the inclusion criteria, newborn and infants from 3 days to 2 years whose thyroid function test (TFT) was undertaken during well baby visit or clinical suspicion of CHT were collected. Laboratory reference range for age was used to interpret the result and TSH>10 Uiu/mL after 6 weeks of life is considered abnormal according to ESPE guideline. Developmental outcome of children was collected from patient file documented by primary physician and parental concern.

Results

Of 1,426 children met inclusion criteria, 90 had elevated TSH. Out of which 70 repeat TFT showed normal TSH and free T4. The incidence of abnormal TSH across the different age groups was 2.4 , 7.2 and 10.5 % for ages 0–29 days, 1–11 months, and 1–2 years, respectively with p-value of =0.0002. While 20 cases with CHT identified with incidence of 14 per 1,000 children (1.4 %; 95 % CI: 0.9–2.1 %). Out this 12 (60 %) had poor developmental outcomes. Down’s syndrome was the common associated condition 9/20 (45 %). All cases were primary CHT.

Conclusions

This study shows high incidence of CHT in a small cohort of patients over 5-year period with poor development outcome.
What Millennials Want from Their Nonprofit Workplaces
Authors: Plotner Samantha
Published: November 2024

This research article focuses on how nonprofits can recruit and retain Millennials, the generation born between 1981 and 1996, by examining what they want in a nonprofit workplace. Millennials are the largest generation in the American workforce, so their workplace needs are critical for employers to understand. As this paper will explore, Millennials are advocating for the types of changes that benefit all workers, regardless of generation, such as living wages, comprehensive and affordable health coverage, schedule or location flexibility, and better management practices.
Emotions of food influencers regarding digital work and the transmission of food knowledge on Instagram
Authors: Mairano Maria Victoria
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This article aims to problematize influencers’ emotional ecologies regarding their digital work as content generators and the emotional ecologies recorded in the food practices they share on their profiles.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured digital interviews and a digital ethnography process in the feeds of the influencers who responded to the interview.

Findings

We find some similarities in the emotional ecologies we analyze. The influencers’ posts reference emotional ecologies such as love for sharing content, eating with others, and cooking, and tiredness referred to planning the meal, cooking, and liking/enjoying concerning eating with others and sharing content. While in the interviews, it has been possible to elucidate the emergence of the logic of pleasure and happiness about showing/reflecting, sharing content, and inspiring and transmitting something to the other, and satisfaction combined with indifference or tiredness, in some cases, concerning the work itself as influencers.

Practical implications

Analyzing digital consumption and the influencer phenomenon today provides us with tools to think about the current and future society. In the context of technological advances and digitalization processes, it is necessary to open the dialogue to discuss digital labor changes, new workspaces, workers’ relationships with companies/brands/corporations, and the involvement of bodies and emotions there.

Social implications

It problematizes the effects of digital consumption, food digital practices, and influencers’s work in everyday social practices.

Originality/value

This article addresses the criteria that organize the structuration regime of sensibilities on Instagram regarding food practices and the generation of content based on the figures of Argentinian food influencers.
The Impossibility of Representing the Sacrifice of Abraham and Isaac in Barnett Newman’s Painting
Authors: Hoványi Márton
Published: November 2024

One of the archetypes of the Judeo–Christian (and Muslim) sacrifice is the story of Abraham and his beloved son, Isaac. The central element of the Akedah (Binding of Isaac) narrative, which moves not only theological but also philosophical discourse, is the vulnerability of the human body, the depiction of which is unimaginable in both the Jewish and Muslim religious beliefs. The sacrifice and body, as well as the ancient correspondence between these two, can be visualized in Barnett Newman’s painting Abraham (MoMa, New York/NY, 1949) created in the decade of the end of World War II. This study interprets the painting, which is painted on a dark background, as a strange and outstanding work of Newman’s abstract expressionism. The nonfigurative image creates an opportunity for a diversity of interpretations. These interpretations can be traced back from the biographical context through the national trauma of the twentieth-century Holocaust to the biblical book of Genesis. In the course of theology and comparative literature and cultural studies interpretations, the visualization of the drama of Abraham and Isaac gradually emerges, deconstructing again and again the approaches that seemed to be predictable before. The study ventures to compare Newman’s painting with as many interpretations of the title “Abraham” as possible, so that such comparisons may lead to just as many different interpretations of the image and the text.