bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Evaluation of Industrial Potentials for Indoor Organic Photovoltaic Materials via a New Figure of Merit
Authors: Gao Yuan , Yu Yue , Guo Jing , Sun Rui , Wang Tao , Wang Wei , Min Jie
Published: March 2023

Although the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of indoor organic photovoltaic (IOPV) continue increasing toward the 30% milestone, important factors (e.g., operation stability and cost potential) for industrial application are neglected, thus resulting in a lack of overall top‐down thinking to evaluate the commercialization potential of IOPVs. By introducing five active layer systems to analyze their efficiency–stability–cost gaps, a standardized indoor industrial figure of merit (i‐FOMindoor) concept is proposed as a reliable approach to evaluate their industrial viability. This i‐FOMindoor contains extracted energy density (including PCE, T80 lifetime, and input power density) and material cost (including synthesis complexity and material usage). To inspire a broader interest, the correlations between active layer thickness, efficiency–stability–cost gap, and i‐FOMindoor are also investigated. Impressively, the levelized cost of energy of IOPVs is less sensitive to the active layer thickness in comparison to the outdoor OPVs. Inspired by this i‐FOMindoor, an outdoor i‐FOM is also proposed for industrial potential evaluation of OPV materials in real external environments.
Disentangling Dual Emission Dynamics in Lead Bromide Perovskite
Authors: Fang Hong‐Hua , Duim Herman , Loi Maria Antonietta
Published: March 2023

Metal halide perovskites exhibit intriguing properties for optoelectronic and electronic applications. Understanding their intrinsic photoexcitation and band‐tail dynamics is essential for exploring novel functionality and improving device performance. This report addresses the band‐tail luminescence of lead bromide perovskite (APbBr3) single crystals, where A is methylammonium, formamidinium, and cesium. Using time‐resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, the dynamics of well‐defined dual emission peaks are unambiguously resolved from the picosecond to the microsecond scale. Whereas the long‐lived states exhibit similar recombination dynamics at high temperatures, a clear, fast transition occurs between the high and low energy states at low temperatures, indicating direct communication between these two states. These time‐resolved PL spectra shed light on the intrinsic optical properties of metal halide perovskites.
Highly‐Selective Harvesting of (6,4) SWCNTs Using the Aqueous Two‐Phase Extraction Method and Nonionic Surfactants
Authors: Podlesny Blazej , Hinkle Kevin R. , Hayashi Keita , Niidome Yoshiaki , Shiraki Tomohiro , Janas Dawid
Published: March 2023

Monochiral single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are indispensable for advancing the technology readiness level of nanocarbon‐based concepts. In recent times, many separation techniques have been developed to obtain specific SWCNTs from raw unsorted materials to catalyze the development in this area. This work presents how the aqueous two‐phase extraction (ATPE) method can be enhanced for the straightforward isolation of (6,4) SWCNTs in one step. Introducing nonionic surfactant into the typically employed mixture of anionic surfactants, which drive the partitioning, is essential to increasing the ATPE system's resolution. A thorough analysis of the parameter space by experiments and modeling reveals the underlying interactions between SWCNTs, surfactants, and phase‐forming agents, which drive the partitioning. Based on new insight gained on this front, a separation mechanism is proposed. Notably, the developed method is highly robust, which is proven by isolating (6,4) SWCNTs from several raw SWCNT materials, including SWCNT waste generated over the years in the laboratory.
Atomic Insights into Advances and Issues in Low‐Temperature Electrolytes
Authors: Hou Ruilin , Guo Shaohua , Zhou Haoshen
Published: March 2023

The design of low‐temperature electrolytes is a key technology to improve the low‐temperature performance of electrochemical energy storage devices and expand their application fields. However, the current design strategies for low‐temperature electrolytes remain in the optimization of formula, without systematic and in‐depth consideration of the internal relationship between the fundamental interactions and performances of electrolytes at low temperature. Here, starting from the four fundamental interactions among cations, anions, and solvents in the electrolyte, this review for the first time analyzes the temperature‐dependent mechanisms of their interactions and corresponding physicochemical properties of electrolytes from atomic insights. Then, the research progress in low‐temperature electrolytes is summarized according to the relationships of these interactions. The possible new development directions in the future are also pointed out. This review provides a theoretical reference for the design of low‐temperature electrolytes.
Genome‐scale transcriptomic insights into the mature growth dynamic of tobacco leaves
Authors: Yang Jinpeng , Wan Di , Qiao Baoming , Yu Jun , Li Zongping , Liu Daisong , Lv Peijun , Hu Jinwen , Rao Xiongfei , Xu Fangsen , Wang Sheliang , Yang Chunlei
Published: March 2023

The harvest time is a key factor for cigar leaves with high quality, which varies greatly depending on the environment. In this study, we performed a growth characterization of the cigar tobacco CX‐26 (Nicotiana tabacum L.) from the cluster stage to the vigorous stage and mature stage. Further, soil plant analysis development measurement of three middle leaves with 67 (T1), 71 (T2), and 75 days (T3) of growth after transplant indicates that the maturity might change from 71 to 75 days of growth. A genome‐scale transcriptome was conducted to explore the gene expression dynamics of this maturity change. A total of 80,502 genes were detected in the CX‐26 leaves, of which 64,611 genes were annotated on the reference genome. T1 and T2 leaves had fewer differential expressing genes (DEGs), while T3 leaves had 26,456 DEGs from T2 leaves, supporting the distinct growth of T3 leaves. Analyses of Gene ontology, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes identified that DEGs are involved inkey pathways including photosynthesis‐antenna proteins, plant hormone/mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway, and plant‐pathogen interaction. Abscisic acid and jasmonate acids positively regulate leaf senescence and chlorophyll degradation and were higher in the T3 leaves compared with T1 and T2 leaves. In contrast, the total sugar was reduced in T3 leaves compared with T1 and T2 leaves, indicating the overripe state of the T3 leaves. Furthermore, several photosynthesis‐related enzymes and a transcription factor were highlighted in the gene regulatory network, which might regulate the dynamics of carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy metabolism. In summary, our study provides insight into the growth state of CX‐26 cigar leaves.
Mn(acac)3 as a Remarkably Efficient Oxidant: Mediation of the Radical Addition/Cyclization Cascade of Boronic Acids with Isocyanides
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Feng , Wu Yu‐Xiang , Xia Yi‐Ran , Yuan Yong‐Jun , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: March 2023

A remarkably efficient protocol for the mediation of Mn(III) to the radical addition/cyclization cascade of boronic acids with isocyanides leading to 3‐aminoquinoline derivatives is established. A reasonable explanation to the high reactivity of the Mn(III) salt was suggested. Application of the synthetic method to the late‐stage modification of drug molecules was also presented.
Brief training in ultrasound equips novice clinicians to accurately and reliably measure jugular venous pressure in obese patients
Authors: Pettit Nicholas A. , Pedroja Benjamin S. , Li Hsin Fang , Sutcliffe Michael
Published: March 2023

Introduction/Purpose

Measurement of jugular venous pressure (JVP) by novice clinicians can be unreliable, particularly when evaluating obese patients. Measurement of JVP using ultrasound (uJVP) is simple to perform and provides accurate measurements. This study evaluated whether students and residents inexperienced with ultrasound could rapidly be taught to measure JVP using ultrasound in obese patients with the same accuracy as cardiologists measuring JVP via physical examination. Additionally, this study also evaluated the correlation between qualitative and quantitative JVP assessment.

Methods

This prospective, blinded study compared uJVP measurements performed by novice clinicians after brief training to JVP measurements performed by cardiologists (cJVP) on physical examination. Association between uJVP and cJVP was assessed using linear correlation, agreement and bias were assessed using the Bland–Altman analysis and inter‐rater reliability of uJVP was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The association between qualitative and quantitative JVP assessment was assessed using linear correlation.

Results

Novice clinicians (n = 16) obtained 34 measurements from 26 patients (mean BMI 35.5) and reported moderate‐to‐high confidence in all measurements. uJVP correlated well with cJVP (r = 0.73) with an average error of 0.06 cm. The estimated uJVP ICC was 0.83 (95% CI = 0.44, 0.96). Qualitative uJVP had only a moderate correlation (r = 0.63) to quantitative uJVP.

Discussion

Novice clinicians often have difficulty assessing JVP on physical examination, particularly in obese patients. Our findings show a high degree of correlation between JVP measurements performed by novice clinicians using ultrasound compared with JVP measurements made by experienced cardiologists on physical examination. Furthermore, novice clinicians were able to be trained quickly, their measurements were determined to be accurate and precise and they expressed moderate‐to‐high confidence in their results.

Conclusions

After brief training, novice clinicians were able to accurately assess JVP in obese patients as compared to measurements made by experienced cardiologists on physical examination. Results suggest that ultrasound may greatly improve novice clinicians’ JVP assessment accuracy, particularly in obese patients.
On‐Surface Synthesis of Polyphenylene Wires Comprising Rigid Aliphatic Bicyclo[1.1.1]Pentane Isolator Units
Authors: Yang Biao , Niu Kaifeng , Cao Nan , Grover Nitika , Zhao Wenchao , Riss Alexander , Björk Jonas , Auwärter Willi , Barth Johannes V. , Senge Mathias O.
Published: March 2023

Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) motifs are of growing importance to the pharmaceutical industry as sp3‐rich bioisosteres of benzene rings and as molecular building blocks in materials science. Herein we explore the behavior of 1,3‐disubstituted BCP moieties on metal surfaces by combining low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy / non‐contact atomic force microscopy studies with density functional theory modeling. We examine the configuration of individual BCP‐containing precursors on Au(111), their supramolecular assembly and thermally activated dehalogenative coupling reactions, affording polymeric chains with incorporated electronically isolating units. Our studies not only provide the first sub‐molecular insights of the BCP scaffold behavior on surfaces, but also extend the potential application of BCP derivatives towards integration in custom‐designed surface architectures.
Preferential Pyrolysis Construction of Carbon Anodes with 8400 h Lifespan for High‐Energy‐Density K‐ion Batteries
Authors: Yin Jian , Jin Junjie , Chen Cailing , Lei Yongjiu , Tian Zhengnan , Wang Yizhou , Zhao Zhiming , Emwas Abdul‐Hamid , Zhu Yunpei , Han Yu , Schwingenschlögl Udo , Zhang Wenli , Alshareef Husam N.
Published: March 2023

Carbonaceous materials are promising anodes for practical potassium‐ion batteries, but fail to meet the requirements for durability and high capacities at low potentials. Herein, we constructed a durable carbon anode for high‐energy‐density K‐ion full cells by a preferential pyrolysis strategy. Utilizing S and N volatilization from a π–π stacked supermolecule, the preferential pyrolysis process introduces low‐potential active sites of sp2 hybridized carbon and carbon vacancies, endowing a low‐potential “vacancy‐adsorption/intercalation” mechanism. The as‐prepared carbon anode exhibits a high capacity of 384.2 mAh g−1 (90 % capacity locates below 1 V vs. K/K+), which contributes to a high energy density of 163 Wh kg−1 of K‐ion full battery. Moreover, abundant vacancies of carbon alleviate volume variation, boosting the cycling stability over 14 000 cycles (8400 h). Our work provides a new synthesis approach for durable carbon anodes of K‐ion full cells with high energy densities.
Southerly winds: Family therapy and Latin America
Authors: Nichterlein Maria
Published: March 2023

This article serves as a conversational and conceptual introduction to this special issue. It is written not in Latin America – as the other articles are – but in Australia and it is written by a Chilean who left Chile due to the ravages that the 16 year long dictatorship had on those lands. Using reflections on my experience – as a citizen and later as a student in psychology and in family therapy – both in that country and since, I touch on post‐colonial issues and on epistemic violence to interrogate ‘invisibilities’ held in mainstream forms of knowledge in the field, invisibilities that come to us from the Western North. Using references to the work of Edward Said and Gabriel García Márquez, the article invites us to review core assumptions and postures in the conceptual frame of systemic work and proposes a methodology that supports alternative forms of knowledge – knowledges of the South – to forge a voice, a resistance to globalising tendencies that threaten to undermine the work we strive to do.
Synthesis, characterization, photophysical, and magnetic studies of mixed‐ligand thorium(IV) complex of 2‐hydroxy‐5‐sulfobenzoic acid and 1,10‐phenanthroline
Authors: Wani Rukhsana J. , Pandith Altaf Hussain , Hussain Arshad , Manzoor Taniya , Fatima Maryam , Bukhari Mohd Nadeem
Published: March 2023

The new eight‐coordinate complex of thorium(IV) was synthesized by the reaction of Th(NO3)4.4H2O with 1,10‐phenanthroline(phen) and 2‐hydroxy‐5‐sulfobenzoic acid (SSA) by coprecipitation method. An environment friendly chelating agent sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) having oxygen donor atoms, phen with delocalized π‐electron system, and N‐donor atoms were used during the preparation of complex. The complex was characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The complex was further assessed for structural and magnetic behavior. The results revealed that the complex has been completely formed as eight coordinated, amorphous in nature, diamagnetic, air stable, granular surface morphology, and water soluble. Furthermore, the FTIR studies of the complex demonstrate coordination of Th(IV) with SSA, phen, and nitrate by the participation of oxygen and nitrogen atoms. According to the results obtained, the changes in the IR spectra indicate that the coordination takes place via nitrogen atoms of phen, oxygen atoms of SSA and nitrate ions, the former two acting as bidentate ligands while as the latter coordinate via the monodentate mode. Moreover, from the emission spectra, the complex also showed emission atom excitation wavelength of 290 nm.
Tannin improves the processability and delays the biodegradability of poly (lactic acid)‐starch‐based thermoset materials produced by injection molding made with renewable compounds
Authors: Moreira Amanda Aleixo , de Carvalho Fabíola Azanha , Bilck Ana Paula , de Paula Maria Tereza , Mali Suzana , Yamashita Fabio , de Oliveira André Luiz Martinez
Published: March 2023

The incorporation of tannin in bio‐composite biodegradable thermoset materials (BTM) based on poly (lactic acid), starch, sugarcane fiber, and nutrient compounds, to achieve an alternative material for conventional plastics processed by injection molding aiming environmental applications was investigated. The biodegradation of injection molded BTM dog‐bone shape specimens prepared with and without incorporation of 1% tannin extract was evaluated up to 60 days with overall characterization by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyzer, and X‐ray diffraction. The BTM produced with 1% tannin showed reduced molding defects with an increased productivity of up to 82%, improved mechanical properties and reduced biodegradation of samples buried in an organic substrate. Based on physicochemical characterization, the observed delay in biodegradation of BTM induced by tannin is suggested to result from its tight interaction with the starch and lignocellulosic fibers, acting as antimicrobial agent and reducing the hydrophilicity of blends. Natural polyphenols such as tannins are suitable additives to improve the processability of injection molded bio‐composites and to extend the lifetime of biodegradable materials subjected to contact with high microbial load substrates, such as pots and buckets used to grow plants.
Effect of screw configuration and processing parameters on glass fiber residual length and properties of glass fiber reinforced polybutylene terephthalate composites
Authors: Ren Jifu , Zhou Zhenchi , Zhao Bo , Yu Xingxing
Published: March 2023

Glass fiber reinforced polybutylene terephthalate (GF‐PBT) composite is widely applied in automobile, electronic and electrical appliances, industrial machinery due to excellent toughness, mechanical properties, heat resistance, solvent resistance and processing fluidity. However, consistent with other glass fiber reinforced composites, glass fibers are easy to fractured and hard to be dispersed during processing, limiting its improvement of material performance. A series of studies on the factors, such as screw configuration, processing parameters, were carried out through eight different screw configurations with five different screw elements in twin‐screw extruder (TSE) to evaluate the effects caused by processing stress, screw speed, mixing section temperature, feeding rate and processing length in GF‐PBT composite. The rotation number Nt was innovatively introduced and a novel exponential model was established to successfully predict the glass fiber residual length in the PBT system. The average glass fiber residual length at different axial positions of the screw during the processing was evaluated through the emergency stop experiment and the main reason for the glass fiber fracture was revealed. The results showed that the screw configuration affects the mechanical properties through the dispersion of glass fiber bundle, the residual length of glass fiber and the uniformity of length distribution, while the process parameters have little effect on the tensile strength and elongation at break, and have a greater impact on the notch impact strength, bending strength and bending modulus in PBT system.
Enhanced the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of polyacrylonitrile piezoelectric composite fibers filled with ionic liquids
Authors: Shi Qisong , He Shifeng , He Yongqing , Wu Yibo , Liu Ruofan
Published: March 2023

Here, we demonstrate the design and application of a multifunctional piezoelectric composite nanofiber membrane. In this study, the most widely used electrospinning method, by adding a small amount of 1‐allyl‐3‐butylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids and ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O) to regulate the structure and properties of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), the mechanical properties, piezoelectric properties, dielectric properties, and ferroelectric properties of composite nanofibers were improved. The results show that the piezoelectric properties of PAN composite fibers are greatly improved under the action of dual fillers. At 103 Hz, the dielectric constant of the PAN composite fiber is as high as 8.24, which is three times that of the pure PAN fiber. The sensor made from the composite nanofibers exhibits excellent sensitivity and high saturation polarization. At low pressure (<1 kPa), the sensitivity of the composite fiber is as high as 0.51 kPa. When we tap the sensor with our finger, the PAN composite fiber produces high piezoelectric output (5.7 V). The results show that the composite nanofibers have great potential in energy storage devices and flexible piezoelectric sensors, among other fields.
Community mental health, psychoanalysis, and freedom: The case of Palestine
Authors: Jabr Samah , Berger Elizabeth
Published: March 2023

The authors describe community mental health in Palestine from several vantage points: Palestine's historical and current context of military/political violence under Israeli occupation, its health care system and system of mental health care, and the status of its mental health staffing and training. Vignettes illustrate characteristic challenges and opportunities for Palestine within the domain of mental health. The roles of cognitive behavioral therapy and psychoanalytic thinking are discussed in terms of current practice, with an eye toward policy planning for a fully integrated model of health care delivery. The authors argue that the values of justice, freedom, and human rights are fundamental to well‐being, and that the theory and practice of community mental health must support active resistance to violation of these principles.
Constraining the uncertainty of urbanization effect on surface air temperature change over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region in China
Authors: He Yuting , Feng Jinming , Wang Jun , Cao Lijuan
Published: March 2023

Quantitative assessment of urbanization effect on surface air temperature (SAT) change provides crucial basis for formal detection and attribution analyses of climate change. However, debates about urbanization‐related warming bias in documented regional SAT trend still persist, mainly due to different determination of rural stations. Here the urbanization effect on SAT change over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region in China during 1980–2019 is estimated through three kinds of ways (i.e., comparisons between urban and rural stations [arithmetically station‐averaged], urban‐dominated and rural‐dominated patches [patch‐weighted mean], and realistic urban and rural areas [area‐weighted mean]). The last method explicitly takes urban and rural land cover fractions into account when calculating urban/rural and regional mean SAT trends. Urbanization‐induced warming in the annual mean SAT change of urban stations (areas) through the three ways are estimated as 0.159°C, 0.195°C, and 0.138°C per decade, respectively. And urbanization effect on regional averaged annual mean SAT calculated by patch‐weighted and area‐weighted methods are 0.113°C and 0.050°C per decade, respectively, which account for 33.8% and 14.8% of the total regional warming. The urbanization effect on observed SAT change estimated by considering realistic urban/rural land cover proportions is much lower than traditional station‐unweighted way.
Novel electrodes and gate dielectrics for field‐effect transistors based on two‐dimensional materials
Authors: Song Intek
Published: March 2023

Two‐dimensional (2D) materials are atomically thin materials that show quantum confinement effect. They have been studied as promising materials for field‐effect transistors (FETs). The fabrication of an FET mainly concerns how to deposit metal electrodes and dielectrics onto the 2D material channel. And conventional fabrication processes are not optimized for novel applications of 2D FETs. This review aims to introduce recent studies regarding novel electrodes and dielectrics for 2D FETs. The devices made by these approaches show comparable performance to conventional FETs. And they feature new applications and easy fabrication. This review covers the topics in two sections: evaporation‐free electrodes and nonoxide dielectrics. The former covers electrodes prepared without direct deposition of metals using evaporators or sputters. The latter encompasses alternatives to oxide dielectrics. These topics would be beneficial to realize the intrinsic properties of 2D materials and to assist fundamental research with prototyping FETs on a tabletop.
G‐quadruplex‐enhanced circular single‐stranded DNA (G4‐CSSD) adsorption of miRNA to inhibit colon cancer progression
Authors: Wu Haidong , Zhong Weilong , Zhang Ronghua , Ding Yuping , Qu Chunhua , Lai Keguan , Pang Zheng , Yin Shan , Zhang Guangling , Chen Shuang
Published: March 2023

Background

Chromosomal heterogeneity leads to the abnormal expression and mutation of tumor‐specific genes. Drugs targeting oncogenes have been extensively developed. However, given the random mutation of tumor suppressor genes, the development of its targeted drugs is difficult.

Methods

Our early research revealed that artificial circular single‐stranded DNA (CSSD) can restore multiple tumor suppressor genes to inhibit tumor malignant progression by adsorbing miRNA. Here, we improved CSSD to a fully closed single‐stranded DNA with G quadruplex DNA secondary structure (G4‐CSSD), which made G4‐CSSD with higher acquisition rate and decreased degradation. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Human Protein Atlas database were used to predict tumour suppressor genes in colon cancer. Cellular and animal experiments were performed to validate the role of G4‐CSSD in cancer cell progression.

Results

In colon cancer, we observed the simultaneous low expressions of chloride channel accessory 1 (CLCA1), UDP‐GlcNAc:betaGal beta‐1,3‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase 6 (B3GNT6) and UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member A3 (UGT2A3), which indicated an favourable prognosis. After repressing miR‐590‐3p with G4‐CSSD590, the upregulation of CLCA1, B3GNT6 and UGT2A3 inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer cells.

Conclusions

This study may provide basis for new treatment methods for colon cancer by restoration of tumor suppressor genes.
Fat grafts enriched with ex‐vivo expanded adipose stem cells improve hyperpigmentation of face
Authors: Bashir Afzaal , Bashir Muhammad M. , Afzaal Sunaina , Ahmad Fridoon J. , Choudhery Mahmood S.
Published: March 2023

Facial contour deformities associated with pigmentary changes are of major concern for plastic surgeons being difficult to treat. No definite ideal treatment option is available to address simultaneously both the contour defects as well as related hyperpigmentation. The aim of the current study is to compare long‐term effects of conventional adipose tissue grafting and ex‐vivo expanded ASC‐enriched adipose tissue grafting for the treatment of contour deformities related pigmentary changes on the face. In this study, 80 patients of contour deformities of face with hyperpigmentation were recruited after informed consent. Two techniques, that is, conventional fat grafting (C‐FG) and fat grafts enriched with expanded adipose stem cells (FG‐ASCs) were used to address the pigmentation. Both techniques were explained to patients and enrolled patients were divided into two groups, that is, C‐FG and FG‐ASCs as per patients' choice and satisfaction. Patients of the FG‐ASCs group were treated with FG‐ASCs while patients of C‐FGs group were treated with C‐FG (without expanded ASCs). Patients were followed for 12 months and improvement in face pigmentation was assessed clinically as well as measured objectively. Patients' satisfaction was also documented as highly satisfied, satisfied, and unsatisfied. This clinical trial was registered atwww.clinicaltrials.govwith ID:NTC03564808. Mean age of patients was 24.42 (±4.49), 66 patients were females. Forehead was involved in 61.20% cases, cheek in 21.20% cases, chin in 11.20% cases, and nose in 6.20% cases. In GF‐ASCs group, the integrated color density was decreased (1.08 × 106 ± 4.64 × 105) as compared with C‐FG group (2.80 × 105 ± 1.69 × 105). Patients treated with fat grafts enriched with expanded ASCs were significantly more satisfied as compared with patients treated with C‐FG only. In conclusion, ASC‐enriched autologous fat grafting is preferred option for improving the contour deformities related increased pigmentation of face skin.
Benzopyrano‐Fused Phenanthridine‐Based Columnar Mesogens: Synthesis, Self‐organization and Charge‐Transport Properties
Authors: S. Vanishree Bhat , Vadivel Marichandran , Singh Dharmendra Pratap , Raghunathan V. A. , Roy Arun , Kumar Sandeep
Published: March 2023

Columnar mesogens constitute a fascinating class of supramolecular nano‐architectures owing to the exceptional properties induced by their self‐assembling behavior. Extending the π‐conjugated core in such systems by incorporating heteroatoms extensively influences their mesomorphic, photophysical properties, etc., presenting them as potential candidates for optoelectronic applications. In the present work, a series of novel nitrogen and oxygen‐incorporated chromenonaphthophenanthridine‐based elliptical dimers have been synthesized through tandem Pictet‐Spengler cyclization followed by ipso‐aromatic substitution in one‐pot. Mesophase characterization has been carried out by employing POM, DSC, and X‐ray diffraction studies. Photophysical properties were investigated using UV‐vis and emission spectroscopy. Furthermore, the charge transport properties were analyzed by time‐of‐flight measurements, and the observed ambipolar mobilities were found to be of the order of 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1. The high solubility, excellent thermal stability, self‐organizing properties, and ambipolar charge transport characteristics make them promising candidates for applications in organic electronics.
Diazotypie – Bildgebung mit Diazoniumsalzen
Authors: Ducci Matthias
Published: March 2023

Peter Griess stellte 1858 die ersten Diazoverbindungen her. An der Strukturaufklärung dieser neuen Verbindungsklasse war August Kekulé maßgeblich beteiligt. Etwa 1886 wurde die Lichtempfindlichkeit von Diazoverbindungen entdeckt. Dies wurde zur Entwicklung der Diazotypie (ein silberfreies Kopierverfahren, bei dem Diazofarbstoffe entstehen) ausgenutzt. Anschließend wird ein Vorschlag gemacht, wie die Diazotypie in den Chemieunterricht implementiert werden kann.
Survival of patients with orbital and eyelid rhabdomyosarcoma treated on Children's Oncology Group studies from 1997 to 2013: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Metts Jonathan , Xue Wei , Gao Zhengya , Ermoian Ralph , Bradley Julie A. , Arnold Michael A. , Dasgupta Roshni , Venkatramani Rajkumar , Walterhouse David
Published: March 2023

Background

Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma (ORMS) commonly presents as low‐risk disease (stage 1, group I–III, embryonal RMS) with excellent outcome. Long‐term follow‐up of patients with low‐risk ORMS and outcomes of less common subgroups of ORMS treated on recent Children's Oncology Group (COG) trials have not been reported.

Methods

Patients with ORMS enrolled on COG trials from 1997 to 2013 were identified. Demographic information and disease characteristics were collected. Outcomes were determined for the following subgroups: 1) low‐risk ORMS, 2) resected (group I/II) low‐risk ORMS, 3) non–low‐risk ORMS, and 4) recurrent ORMS. Event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.

ResultsThe authors identified 218 patients with ORMS. Most tumors were embryonal/botryoid (n = 169; 77.5%), <5 cm (n = 213; 97.7%), group III (n = 170; 78.0%), and without lymph node involvement (N0; n = 215; 98.6%). For 192 patients with low‐risk ORMS, the 10‐year EFS and OS rates were 85.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 77.0%–94.0%) and 95.6% (95% CI, 90.8%–100.0%), respectively. Those with group I/II low‐risk ORMS (n = 5 in group I; n = 39 in group IIA) had 10‐year EFS and OS rates of 88.0% (95% CI, 72.6%–100.0%) and 97.6% (95% CI, 90.0%–100.0%), respectively. Twenty‐six patients with non–low‐risk ORMS had 5‐year EFS and OS rates of 88.5% (95% CI, 75.6%–100.0%) and 95.8% (95% CI, 87.7%–100.0%), respectively. For patients with recurrent ORMS, the 10‐year OS rate from the time of recurrence was 69.4% (95% CI, 50.0%–88.8%).

Conclusions

Patients with ORMS had favorable long‐term survival outcomes on COG studies from 1997 to 2013, including those who had both low‐risk and non–low‐risk disease. A significant proportion of patients with recurrent ORMS may achieve long‐term survival.
Dendrite‐free and Stable Zn‐ion Energy Storage Devices Enabled by a Three‐dimensional Sn−Cu Foam Hosted Zn Anode
Authors: Liang Yiqi , Wang Jun , Tian Zhidong , Shang Kezheng , Hu Xiang , Yu Jiaqi , Cai Pingwei , Liu Yangjie , Yuan Jun , Ding Yichun , Wen Zhenhai
Published: March 2023

Zn ion energy storage devices have received widespread attention because of their high safety, environmental friendliness, low cost, and high energy density. However, Zn metal anodes usually suffer from disadvantages such as dendrite growth, low coulombic efficiency, and volume expansion during plating/stripping, which severely hampers the practical applications. Here, we construct 3D Zn frameworks by exploring different conductive hosts and modify 3D hosts by plating Sn to suppress Zn dendrites and side reactions. The electrode which optimized by electroplating Zn after chemically plating Sn on Cu foam (Sn−Cu foam@Zn) exhibits stable polarization voltage distribution and almost 100% coulombic efficiency over 200 cycles of Zn plating/stripping. Furthermore, when pairing with V2O5 cathode, the full cell showed fast reaction kinetics and a capacity of 113 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1, which is 90.4% of the initial capacity. This work provides a new strategy for the development of high‐performance Zn anodes.
The significance of upfront autologous stem cell transplantation for high‐intermediate/high‐risk stage IV diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Koviazin Aleksei K. , Filatova Larisa V. , Zyuzgin Ilia S. , Artemyeva Anna S. , Poliatskin Ilia L. , Burda Darya S. , Volchenkov Stanislav A. , Elkhova Svetlana S. , Semiglazova Tatiana Yu.
Published: March 2023

Background

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common (30%–35%) type of B‐cell lymphoma. Only about 60% of all newly diagnosed advanced‐stage DLBCL can be completely treated with x6 R‐CHOP. High‐dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the first remission (upfront auto‐HSCT) can serve as an option to improve a prognosis in these patients.

Aims

This trial aimed to improve prognosis in DLBCL by upfront auto‐HSCT.

Methods and Results

A group of 105 patients: DLBCL NOS, age 18–65, stage IV, IPI ≥2, CR/PR after x6 R‐CHOP/DA‐EPOCH‐R from 2010 to 2019 at NMRC of Oncology named after N.N.Petrov of MoH of Russia was retrospectively analyzed. The HSCT group included patients with upfront HDCT followed by auto‐HSCT (n = 35). The control group included patients with non‐invasive follow‐up after induction (n = 70). Primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), response rate and relapse rate. The 3‐year OS (p = .013) and 3‐year PFS (p = .033) were significantly higher in the HSCT group. The 3‐year OS was decreased by the occurrence of relapse (p ≤ .001) and weight loss (B‐symptom) (p = .04). DEL was the negative prognostic factor for 3‐year PFS in all patients (p = .001) and control group (p = .001). DA‐EPOCH‐R significantly increased the 3‐year PFS (p = .041).

Conclusion

Upfront HDCT followed by auto‐HSCT can increase 3‐year OS and PFS and improve prognosis in DLBCL NOS, age 18–65, stage IV, IPI ≥2 patients.
A review on computational methods based automated sign language recognition system for hearing and speech impaired community
Authors: Robert Eunice Jennifer , Duraisamy Hemanth Jude
Published: March 2023

The recent advancements in computer vision and deep learning have led to promising progress in various motion detection and gesture recognition methods. Thriving efforts in the field of sign language recognition (SLR) during recent years led to interaction between humans and computer systems. Contributing a real‐time automated Sign Language recognition system will be a remarkable treasure for hearing and speech‐impaired people that will break the barriers of interaction with the real world. Albeit several research works are accomplished in sign language recognition, there is still a demand for developing a real‐time automated sign language recognition system. Compared to other methodologies, the techniques adopted may have advantages and disadvantages, and they vary from researcher to researcher. There are still some issues with employing these SLR models and procedures regularly, even though numerous research studies have been conducted to determine the most acceptable methods and models for sign language recognition. It gets more expensive and difficult in terms of resources when the developed automated SLR system becomes available as a product. Hence, for the welfare of the hearing and speech‐impaired community, the researchers are still endeavoring way to find a cost‐effective method. This work brings forth the challenges faced by scientists in developing a cost‐effective commercial prototype for the hearing and speech‐impaired community. This paper also explores and analyses various deep learning techniques and methods used in developing a sign language recognition system. The objective behind this work is to identify the best method which produces high accuracy in developing a cost‐effective sign language recognition system aiding communication between signers and non‐signers so that they can be a part of growing technology.
Cluster Amplitudes and Their Interplay with Self‐Consistency in Density Functional Methods
Authors: Jacobson Greta , Marmolejo‐Tejada Juan M. , Mosquera Martín A.
Published: March 2023

The front cover artwork is provided by the Mosquera group at Montana State University, Bozeman. The image shows theoretical elements involved in the density‐functional calculations that are free of spurious fractional charges. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202200592.
Therapeutic potential of CDK11 in cancer
Authors: Blazek Dalibor
Published: March 2023

Human cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) direct the progression of the cell cycle and transcription. They are deregulated in tumours, and despite their involvement in the regulation of basic cellular processes, many CDKs are promising targets for cancer therapy. CDK11 is an essential gene for the growth of many malignancies; however, its primary cellular function has been obscure, and the mode‐of‐action of OTS964, the first CDK11 inhibitor and antiproliferative compound, has been unknown. A recent study has shown that OTS964 prevents spliceosome activation, revealing a key role of CDK11 in the regulation of pre‐mRNA splicing. In light of these findings, we discuss the therapeutic potential of CDK11 in cancer.
The surface conductance of red blood cells and platelets is modulated by the cell membrane potential
Authors: Hughes Michael Pycraft
Published: March 2023

Dielectrophoretic analysis of cell electrical properties via the Clausius–Mossotti model has been widely used to estimate values of the membrane conductance, membrane capacitance and cytoplasm conductivity of cells. However, although the latter two values produced by this method compare well to those acquired by other electrophysiological methods, the membrane conductance is often substantially larger than that acquired by methods such as patch clamp. In this paper, the electrical properties of red blood cells (RBC) are analysed at two conductivities and following membrane‐altering treatments, to develop a mathematical model of membrane conductance. Results suggest that the RBC “membrane conductance” term is primarily dominated by surface conduction, comprising an element related to medium conductivity augmented by conduction in the electrical double layer, which is in turn altered by the cell membrane potential. Validation of the relationship between membrane potential and membrane conductance was performed using platelets, where a similar relationship was observed. This sheds new light on the origin and significance of the membrane conductance term and explains for the first time phenomena of alterations in the parameter counter to changes in membrane potential or cytoplasm conductivity.
Gaussian mixture model based radio environment mapping for an underlay Device‐to‐Device network
Authors: Sengar Aditya Singh , Gangopadhyay Ranjan , Debnath Soumitra
Published: March 2023

Efficient management of the scant radio resources in densely deployed Device‐to‐Device (D2D) and IoT networks in 5G+ and 6G wireless era would require continuous and reliable information feedback regarding the actual on‐ground resource utilization. Toward that goal, radio environment maps (REM) are becoming increasingly important as they provide critical information relevant for network management. REM essentially entails the estimation of the radio environment at unsampled locations using the values measured by a few dedicated REM sensors by interpolation. Hence, the accuracy of REM is dependent upon two major factors (1) the sensor deployment and (2) the interpolation scheme. So far, the ordinary Kriging (OK) with randomly deployed sensors is the most prevalent method of REM creation. However, the underlying assumption in OK is that the radio environment conforms to a Gaussian spatial random field (GSRF). In reality, the spatial random field generated by a D2D network displays non‐Gaussian characteristics. Hence, a variational Bayesian based Gaussian mixture model enabled Kriging (VK) method has been proposed in this work which achieves better interpolation accuracy than OK with a lower run‐time computational complexity. A comparison of various sensor deployment schemes on the basis of REM accuracy in fading channel conditions has also been conducted. Additionally, a spatial‐correlation based method has been proposed to estimate the minimum number of required REM sensors to ensure reliable REM performance. The simulation results indicate a superiority of hexagonal deployment of sensors over other schemes and establish VK as a more accurate interpolation algorithm than OK.
Young children's use of blue spaces and the impact on their health, development and environmental awareness: A qualitative study from parents' perspectives
Authors: George Phoebe , Murray Kevin , Christian Hayley
Published: March 2023

Issue Addressed

This study examined how families with young children access and use different types of blue spaces and the health and development benefits, and potential negative effects.

Methods

Parents(n = 25) of young children across four coastal communities in Western Australia were recruited via purposive sampling to participate in interviews. A generic qualitative study design grounded in the pragmatism paradigm was utilised.

Results

Beaches were the most frequently used blue space for families all year around, however families did not necessarily attend their closest beach. This appears due to certain beach features making them more or less attractive for use regardless of the distance from home. Parents perceived blue spaces as health promoting due to the increased physical activity children did in and around these spaces. They also reported blue spaces could be positive for child development, contributing to the development of identity. Blue spaces were also perceived to promote children's environmental awareness and environmentally friendly behaviours. However, blue spaces could also be potentially risky environments for families with young children.

Conclusions

The findings highlight blue spaces are an important setting for supporting children's health, development and environmental consciousness.

So What?

It is important to protect natural outdoor environments such as blue spaces for future generations. The findings can be used by governments and policy makers to improve the quality (features and amenities) of blue spaces and positively impact how often families (including those with dogs) use blue spaces and the benefits they experience.
Characteristics and treatment analysis of young acute coronary syndrome patients in a tertiary care hospital: A cross‐sectional retrospective study
Authors: Murugan Jagannaathan , Balasubramaniyan Jayanty Venkata , Mathiyalagan Praveen Kumar , Ramesh Yashwanth , Selvam Meera , Charley Chris , Muralidharan Harini , Venati Rishitha , Dhanasekaran Indrani Devi , Rajanandh Muhasarparur Ganesan
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims

The prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been rising in the younger population worldwide. To fully comprehend the effects of the condition, it is crucial to examine the evolving characteristics and treatment options. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics and treatment analysis for young ACS patients in a tertiary care setting.

Methods

This cross‐sectional, retrospective, single‐center study included a random sample of patients who had been hospitalized for ACS over the period of a year. We collected and analyzed data on risk factors, diagnoses, angiographic patterns, and potential treatments.

Results

The study involved 198 young ACS patients in total. The majority of patients (57%) had no risk factors, and the majority of them (44%) had ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) as their diagnosis. The most common type (48%) was single‐vessel disease (SVD). Statins and antiplatelet medications made up the majority of the patients’ nonsurgical treatments (88% and 87%, respectively). A statistically significant difference exists between young and older ACS patients with gender (p < 0.01). However, it is not clinically relevant.

Conclusion

Men were the majority of young ACS patients, and STEMI, SVD were more prevalent. The majority of young ACS patients had no significant risk factors. To determine the risk factors of young ACS patients, a more thorough case–control study is critically needed.
Experimental study for comparison of thermal comfort and air age between two combined ventilation systems with chilled ceiling considering occupant density
Authors: Nayyef Dhuha Radhi , Mahdi Ala'a Abbas
Published: March 2023

Due to the global spread of diseases and epidemics, the need to maintain a clean indoor atmosphere has received increasing attention in recent years. Therefore, there will be a need to clearly estimate and define the areas that affect human exposure to pollutants, taking into account the occupied density, which is the primary importance of this research. The capacity of the chilled ceiling combined with mixing ventilation and personal ventilation systems has been studied and compared to the chilled ceiling with mixing ventilation in terms of mean air age, temperature distribution, CO2concentration, and thermal efficiency, with the best flow rate of the proposed system considering the occupied density in a thermally insulated office room experimentally in the climate of Iraq (Hilla, a hot and dry climate). Twelve tests were performed for four different cooling loads with cooled ceilings (0%, 0.25%, 50%, and 80%), at a constant supply air flow rate with two PV airflow modifiers for three cases. As the cooling load treated by a chilled ceiling increased, the average air temperature increased with height in all cases. The lowest values of average air age appeared in the occupied area in the case of a chilled ceiling with mixing ventilation. This study shows that the chilled ceiling combined with a mixing ventilation and personal ventilation system with a flow rate of 7.5 L/s provides thermal comfort and higher air quality in the occupied area. based on the values of air exchange efficiency and occupants’ air exchange efficiency. As a result, a flow rate of 7.5 L/s is the best option for protecting occupants from direct pollution in the breathing zone and in the surrounding microclimate, because the lower the ventilation rate, the less air is changed for occupants.