bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of large-scale oceanic phenomena on non-cholera vibriosis incidence in the United States: implications for climate change
Authors: Logar-Henderson Chloë , Ling Rebecca , Tuite Ashleigh R. , Fisman David N.
Published: July 2019

Non-cholera Vibrio (NCV) species are important causes of disease. These pathogens are thermophilic and climate change could increase the risk of NCV infection. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a ‘natural experiment’ that may presage ocean warming effects on disease incidence. In order to evaluate possible climatic contributions to observed increases in NCV infection, we obtained NCV case counts for the United States from publicly available surveillance data. Trends and impacts of large-scale oceanic phenomena, including ENSO, were evaluated using negative binomial and distributed non-linear lag models (DNLM). Associations between latitude and changing risk were evaluated with meta-regression. Trend models demonstrated expected seasonality (P < 0.001) and a 7% (6.1%–8.1%) annual increase in incidence from 1999 to 2014. DNLM demonstrated increased vibriosis risk following ENSO conditions over the subsequent 12 months (relative risk 1.940, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.298–2.901). The ‘relative–relative risk’ (RRR) of annual disease incidence increased with latitude (RRR per 10° increase 1.066, 95% CI 1.027–1.107). We conclude that NCV risk in the United States is impacted by ocean warming, which is likely to intensify with climate change, increasing NCV risk in vulnerable populations.
Crash Telemetry-Based Injury Severity Prediction is Equivalent to or Out-Performs Field Protocols in Triage of Planar Vehicle Collisions
Authors: He Katherine , Zhang Peng , Wang Stewart C.
Published: July 2019

Introduction:

With the increasing availability of vehicle telemetry technology, there is great potential for Advanced Automatic Collision Notification (AACN) systems to improve trauma outcomes by detecting patients at-risk for severe injury and facilitating early transport to trauma centers.

Methods:

National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) data from 1999-2013 were used to construct a logistic regression model (injury severity prediction [ISP] model) predicting the probability that one or more occupants in planar, non-rollover motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) would have Injury Severity Score (ISS) 15+ injuries. Variables included principal direction of force (PDOF), change in velocity (Delta-V), multiple impacts, presence of any older occupant (≥55 years old), presence of any female occupant, presence of right-sided passenger, belt use, and vehicle type. The model was validated using medical records and 2008-2011 crash data from AACN-enabled Michigan (USA) vehicles identified from OnStar (OnStar Corporation; General Motors; Detroit, Michigan USA) records. To compare the ISP to previously established protocols, a literature search was performed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of first responder identification of ISS 15+ for MVC occupants.

Results:

The study population included 924 occupants in 836 crash events. The ISP model had a sensitivity of 72.7% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 41%-91%) and specificity of 93% (95% CI 92%-95%) for identifying ISS 15+ occupants injured in planar MVCs. The current standard 2006 Field Triage Decision Scheme (FTDS) was 56%-66% sensitive and 75%-88% specific in identifying ISS 15+ patients.

Conclusions:

The ISP algorithm comparably is more sensitive and more specific than current field triage in identifying MVC patients at-risk for ISS 15+ injuries. This real-world field study shows telemetry data transmitted before dispatch of emergency medical systems can be helpful to quickly identify patients who require urgent transfer to trauma centers.
Automatic matching using intraprostatic calcifications as a volume of interest in CBCT images during prostate radiotherapy: a comparative study
Authors: O’Connor P. , Barker K.
Published: July 2019

Aim:

The study aimed to assess the clinical feasibility of employing an automatic match during cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging using prostatic calcifications within the 95% isodose set as the region of interest.

Materials and methods:

CBCT images were analysed on the 5th fraction in 34 patients evaluating the difference between standard manual soft tissue anatomy matching versus auto calcification matching. An assessment of the clinical feasibility of using prostatic calcifications during matching alongside considering the effect a more automated matching process has been conducted on interobserver variability.

Results:

The standard deviation values of the difference between the soft tissue match (baseline) versus automatic calcification matches fluctuated around 1 mm in all three axes for all of the matches carried out. The interobserver variability observed between the two radiographers was 0·055, 0·065 and 0·045 cm in the vertical, longitudinal and lateral axes, respectively.

Findings:

The clarity of the calcifications on the CBCT images might explain the low interobserver variability displayed by the two matching radiographers. A calcification provides a clear starting point for image matching before commencing a check of volumetric coverage, if the matching process begins in the same place, it can allow for a standardisation of matching technique between radiographers.
Tracing Chinese Scholar Chen Tiqiang's Pursuit of International Law Education and His Major Contribution to the Doctrine of Recognition
Authors: CHEN Li
Published: July 2019

This paper relies on archival research to rediscover Chen Tiqiang's study of public international law at Tsinghua University and Oxford University with James Brierly. Particular attention is directed to Brierly's profound influence on Chen's approach to researching the doctrine of recognition and his remarkable performance at his oral examination before Humphrey Waldock and Robert Y. Jennings. In addition to providing an abbreviated overview of the international legal community's overwhelmingly favourable reactions to the publication of Chen's dissertation in 1951, it argues that Chen's experience and accomplishments provide some evidence that China's teaching and scholarship of international law attained an unprecedented milestone in the late 1930s and 1940s.
Extreme Water Levels for Australian Beaches Using Empirical Equations for Shoreline Wave Setup
Authors: O'Grady J. G. , McInnes K. L. , Hemer M. A. , Hoeke R. K. , Stephenson A. G. , Colberg F.
Published: July 2019

Empirical equations for wave breaking and wave setup are compared with archived shoreline wave setup measurements to investigate the contribution of wind waves to extreme Mean Total Water Levels (MTWL, the mean height of the shoreline), for natural beaches exposed to open ocean wind waves. A broad range of formulations is compared through linear regression and quantile regression analysis of the highest measured values. Shoreline wave setup equations are selected based on the availability of local beach slope data and the ability of the quantile regression to show a good representation of the highest measured levels. Wave parameters from an existing spectral wave hindcast are used as input to the selected equations and are combined with a storm tide time series to quantify the relative contribution of shoreline wave setup to the extreme MTWL climate along Australian beaches. A multipass analysis is provided to understand the ability to capture the shoreline wave setup estimates with and without considering beach slope. The national scale analysis which does not include beach slope indicates there are multiple contributing factors to MTWL. Examples are provided at two locations of differing local beach slope to show the importance of including local beach slope in determining the contribution of waves to MTWL. A tool is in development for further investigation of wave setup for Australian beaches.
Forested Streams May Warm More Than Observations Predict
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: July 2019

Understanding how temperatures of cold-water streams respond to global warming could help clarify the impacts of climate change on aquatic ecosystems.
Nonseismic Signals in the Ocean: Indicators of Deep Sea and Seafloor Processes on Ocean‐Bottom Seismometer Data
Authors: Batsi Evangelia , Tsang‐Hin‐Sun Eve , Klingelhoefer Frauke , Bayrakci Gaye , Chang Emmy T.Y. , Lin Jing‐Yi , Dellong David , Monteil Clément , Géli Louis
Published: July 2019

Ocean‐bottom seismometers (OBSs) commonly record short‐duration events (SDEs) that could be described by all of these characteristics: (i) duration <1 s, (ii) one single‐wave train with no identified P nor S wave arrivals, and (iii) a dominant frequency usually between 4 and 30 Hz. In many areas, SDEs have been associated with gas‐ or fluid‐related processes near cold seeps or hydrothermal vents, although fish bumps, instrumental, or current‐generated noise have been proposed as possible sources. In order to address some remaining issues, this study presents results from in situ and laboratory experiments combined with observations from two contrasting areas, the Sea of Marmara (Turkey) and the Chilean subduction zone. The in situ experiment was conducted at the European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory‐Molène submarine observatory (near Brest, France) and consisted in continuously monitoring two OBSs with a camera. The images revealed that no fish regularly bumped into the instruments. Laboratory experiments aimed at reproducing SDEs' waveforms by injecting air or water in a tank filled by sand and seawater and monitored with an OBS. Injecting air in the sediments produced waveforms very similar to the observed SDEs, while injecting air in the water column did not, constraining the source of SDEs in the seafloor sediments. Finally, the systematic analysis of two real data sets revealed that it is possible to discriminate gas‐related SDEs from biological or sea state‐related noise from simple source parameters, such as the temporal mode of occurrence, the back azimuth, and the dominant frequency.
Changes of Slip Rate and Slip‐Plane Orientation by Fault Geometrical Complexities During Fluid Injection
Authors: Zhang Xi , Wu Bisheng , Jeffrey Robert G. , Yang Diansen , Chen Weizhong , Zhang Fengshou
Published: July 2019

The injection‐induced slip of a fault containing along‐the‐fault geometrical complexities such as permeable cracks, dilational jogs and branches, was studied numerically using a plane‐strain hydraulic fracture model. The fault is modeled by placing complexities evenly spaced on either side of the inlet where fluid coming from a steady source is injected at a constant rate. The fault slip obeys the Coulomb friction law with slip weakening of the coefficient of friction. The applied shear stress is less than the residual fault strength, corresponding to a situation where a fault undergoes stable slip behind a slowly advancing rupture front. The numerical results show that the segments of complexity may not only delay slip zone extension and fluid flow, but temporarily increase slip rates. Short‐term faster slip rates occur after cracks and jogs are pressurized. The slip rate can reach values typical of microearthquake events, accompanied by rising and then dropping pressure and producing a stress release. Especially, the discontinuous slip sources are separated by the right‐angle jogs that do not slip. The slip on branches can be activated by fluid invasion and an associated normal effective stress reduction, and the slow slip sources eventually move from the fault to the branches. Even if a hydraulic fracturing treatment presents a low risk of generating dynamic slip, when fractures intersect faults containing geometrical complexities, fast slip events may be induced. The spatiotemporally varying slip rates and patterns presented provide an alternative interpretation for recorded seismic slip signals.
Two types of functionally distinct Ca2+ stores in hippocampal neurons
Authors: Chen-Engerer Hsing-Jung , Hartmann Jana , Karl Rosa Maria , Yang Jun , Feske Stefan , Konnerth Arthur
Published: July 2019

It is widely assumed that inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and ryanodine (Ry) receptors share the same Ca2+ pool in central mammalian neurons. We now demonstrate that in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons IP3- and Ry-receptors are associated with two functionally distinct intracellular Ca2+ stores, respectively. While the IP3-sensitive Ca2+ store refilling requires Orai2 channels, Ry-sensitive Ca2+ store refilling involves voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs). Our findings have direct implications for the understanding of function and plasticity in these central mammalian neurons.
Molecular alterations and PD-L1 expression in non-ampullary duodenal adenocarcinoma: Associations among clinicopathological, immunophenotypic and molecular features
Authors: Watari Jiro , Mitani Seiichiro , Ito Chiyomi , Tozawa Katsuyuki , Tomita Toshihiko , Oshima Tadayuki , Fukui Hirokazu , Kadowaki Shigenori , Natsume Seiji , Senda Yoshiki , Tajika Masahiro , Hara Kazuo , Yatabe Yasushi , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Muro Kei , Morimoto Takeshi , Hirota Seiichi , Das Kiron M. , Miwa Hiroto
Published: July 2019

Non-ampullary duodenal adenocarcinoma (NADC) is extremely rare. Little is known about its clinicopathological and molecular features or its management. Herein we retrospectively analyzed the cases of 32 NADC patients, focusing on microsatellite instability (MSI), genetic mutations, CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), and immunostaining including mucin phenotype and PD-L1 expression. The incidence of MSI,KRAS/BRAF/GNASmutations and CIMP was 51.6%, 34.4%/3.1%/6.5% and 28.1%, respectively. PD-L1 expression was seen in 34.4% of patients. No significant associations between clinicopathological features andKRAS/BRAF/GNASgenetic mutations or CIMP were found. Histologically non-well-differentiated-type NADCs and those in the 1st portion of the duodenum were significantly associated with later stages (stages III–IV) (P = 0.006 andP = 0.003, respectively). Gastric-phenotype NADCs were frequently observed in the 1st portion and in late-stage patients; their cancer cells more frequently expressed PD-L1. Histologically, the non-well-differentiated type was an independent predictor of PD-L1 expression in cancer cells (OR 25.05,P = 0.04) and immune cells (OR 44.14,P = 0.02). Only late-stage disease (HR 12.23,P = 0.01) was a prognostic factor for worse overall survival in a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Our observation of high proportions of MSI and PD-L1 expression may prompt the consideration of immune checkpoint inhibitors as a new treatment option for NADCs.
Phase Stability and Compressibility of 3R-MoN2 at High Pressure
Authors: Zhou Xuefeng , Yan Mingqi , Dong Mingdong , Ma Dejiang , Yu Xiaohui , Zhang Jianzhong , Zhao Yusheng , Wang Shanmin
Published: July 2019

We report phase stability and compressibility of rhombohedral 3R-MoN2, a newly discovered layer-structured dinitride, using in-situ synchrotron high-pressure x-ray diffraction measurements. The obtained bulk modulus for 3R-MoN2 is 77 (6) GPa, comparable with that of typical transition-metal disulfides (such as MoS2). The axial compressibility along a axis is more than five times stiffer than that along c axis. Such strong elastic anisotropy is mainly attributed to its layered structure with loosely bonded N-Mo-N sandwich interlayers held by weak Van der Waals force. Upon compression up to ~15 GPa, a new hexagonal phase of 2H-MoN2 occurs, which is irreversible at ambient conditions. The structural transition mechanism between 3R and 2H phases is tentatively proposed to be associated with the rotation and translation of sandwich interlayers, giving rise to different layer stacking sequences in both phases. At high temperature, the decomposition of 3R-MoN2 leads to the formation of hexagonal δ-MoN and the onset degassing temperature increases as the pressure increases. In addition, the low-temperature electrical resistivity measurement indicates that 3R-MoN2 behaves as a semiconductor with an estimated band gap of Eg ≈ 0.5 eV. 3R-MoN2 also shows weak antiferromagnetic properties, which probably originates from the occurrence of magnetic zigzag edges in the structure.
Adaptive wavefront correction structured illumination holographic tomography
Authors: Balasubramani Vinoth , Tu Han-Yen , Lai Xin-Ji , Cheng Chau-Jern
Published: July 2019

In this study, a novel adaptive wavefront correction (AWC) technique is implemented on a compactly developed structured illumination holographic tomography (SI-HT) system. We propose a mechanical movement-free compact scanning architecture for SI-HT systems with AWC, implemented by designing and displaying a series of computer-generated holograms (CGH) composed of blazed grating with phase Fresnel lens on a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM). In the proposed SI-HT, the aberrations of the optical system are sensed by digital holography and are used to design the CGH-based AWC to compensate the phase aberrations of the tomographic imaging system. The proposed method was validated using a standard Siemens star target, its potential application was demonstrated using a live candida rugosa sample, and its label-free three-dimensional refractive index profile was generated at its subcellular level. The experimental results obtained reveal the ability of the proposed method to enhance the imaging performance in both lateral and axial directions.
Intensive blood pressure control is associated with improved patient and graft survival after renal transplantation
Authors: Pagonas Nikolaos , Bauer Frederic , Seibert Felix S. , Seidel Maximilian , Schenker Peter , Kykalos Stylianos , Dürr Michael , Reinke Petra , Babel Nina , Viebahn Richard , Westhoff Timm H.
Published: July 2019

Based on data of the SPRINT trial, American hypertension guidelines recently reduced the blood pressure goal from 140/90 mmHg to 130/80 mmHg for subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD), whereas European guidelines recommend a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 130–139 mmHg. The present analysis investigates whether a SBP < 130 mmHg is associated with an additional benefit in renal transplant recipients. We performed a retrospective analysis of 815 renal transplant recipients who were stratified according to mean office SBP values < 130 mmHg, 130–139 mmHg or ≥140 mmHg. Patient and graft survival was defined as composite endpoint, follow-up was limited to 120 months. Mean SBP of the follow-up was significantly associated with the composite endpoint (n = 218) with better survival for a SBP < 130 mmHg and 130–139 mmHg compared to ≥140 mmHg (p < 0.001). The differences in the combined endpoint remained significant in Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, gender and eGFR (p = 0.007, HR = 0.58, 95%CI = 0.41–0.53), but not for graft survival alone. Renal transplant recipients with SBP < 130 mmHg had a lower mortality than those with the conservative blood pressure goal <140 mmHg. These data suggest that the new AHA BP targets are safe for renal transplant recipients and – with all limitations of a retrospective analysis - might even be associated with improved outcome.
PI3K/mTOR inhibition of IDH1 mutant glioma leads to reduced 2HG production that is associated with increased survival
Authors: Batsios Georgios , Viswanath Pavithra , Subramani Elavarasan , Najac Chloe , Gillespie Anne Marie , Santos Romelyn Delos , Molloy Abigail R. , Pieper Russell O. , Ronen Sabrina M.
Published: July 2019

70–90% of low-grade gliomas and secondary glioblastomas are characterized by mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDHmut). IDHmut produces the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), which drives tumorigenesis in these tumors. The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway represents an attractive therapeutic target for IDHmut gliomas, but noninvasive indicators of drug target modulation are lacking. The goal of this study was therefore to identify magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-detectable metabolic biomarkers associated with IDHmut glioma response to the dual PI3K/(mTOR) inhibitor XL765. 1H-MRS of two cell lines genetically modified to express IDHmut showed that XL765 induced a significant reduction in several intracellular metabolites including 2HG. Importantly, examination of an orthotopic IDHmut tumor model showed that enhanced animal survival following XL765 treatment was associated with a significant in vivo1H-MRS detectable reduction in 2HG but not with significant inhibition in tumor growth. Further validation is required, but our results indicate that 2HG could serve as a potential noninvasive MRS-detectable metabolic biomarker of IDHmut glioma response to PI3K/mTOR inhibition.
Effects of neuromuscular blockade reversal on bispectral index and frontal electromyogram during steady-state desflurane anesthesia: a randomized trial
Authors: Kim Doyeon , Ahn Jin Hee , Jung Hyunjoo , Choi Ka Young , Jeong Ji Seon
Published: July 2019

The degree of neuromuscular blockade reversal may affect bispectral index (BIS) value. One possible reason is that the reverse of neuromuscular blockade affects electromyographic (EMG) signals of fascial muscle. Another reason is, the afferentation theory, the reverse of neuromuscular blockade relieves block signals generated in muscle stretch receptors from accessing the brain through afferent nerve pathways and induces arousal. Inaccurate BIS value may lead to overdose of drugs or the risk of intraoperative awareness. We compared changes in BIS and EMG values according to neuromuscular blockade reversal agents under steady-state desflurane anesthesia. A total of 65 patients were randomly allocated to receive either neostigmine 0.05 mg/kg, sugammadex 4 mg/kg, or pyridostigmine 0.25 mg/kg for neuromuscular blockade reversal under stable desflurane anesthesia, and 57 patients completed the study. The primary outcome was change in BIS and EMG values before and after administration of neuromuscular blockade reversal agents (between train-of-four [TOF] count 1–2 and TOF ratio 0.9). The change in BIS and EMG values before and after administration of neuromuscular blockade reversal agents were statistically different in each group (BIS: Neostigmine group, P < 0.001; Sugammadex group, P < 0.001; Pyridostigmine group, P = 0.001; EMG: Neostigmine group, P = 0.001; Sugammadex group, P < 0.001; Pyridostigmine group, P = 0.001; respectively). The BIS and EMG values had a positive correlation (P < 0.001). Our results demonstrate that the EMG and BIS values have increased after neuromuscular blockade reversal under desflurane anesthesia regardless of the type of neuromuscular blockade reversal agent. BIS should be applied carefully to measure of depth of anesthesia after neuromuscular blockade reversal.
Ultra-small Pd nanoparticles derived from a supramolecular assembly for enhanced electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Chen Ruru , Cao Minna , Yang Weiguang , Wang Huimin , Zhang Suyuan , Li Hongfang , Cao Rong
Published: July 2019

Well-dispersed palladium nanoparticles based on a supramolecular assembly exhibit high selectivity, activity and stability for the conversion of CO2 to CO.
Boosting electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation via energy-efficient anodic oxidation of sodium gluconate
Authors: Zhao Lu , Kuang Xuan , Chen Cheng , Sun Xu , Wang Zhiling , Wei Qin
Published: July 2019

We report an anodic replacement of the water oxidation reaction with electro-oxidation of sodium gluconate to facilitate ambient electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction.
Experimental and computational approaches to rationalise multicomponent supramolecular assemblies: dapsone monosolvates
Authors: Braun Doris E.
Published: July 2019

Through the combination of experiment and theory the form stability and structural features of eight dapsone monosolvates have been rationalised. Properties and the size of the solvent molecules are responsible for solvate formation.
The global motion affecting electron transfer in Plasmodium falciparum type II NADH dehydrogenases: a novel non-competitive mechanism for quinoline ketone derivative inhibitors
Authors: Xie Tao , Wu Zhixiang , Gu Jinke , Guo Runyu , Yan Xiao , Duan Huaichuan , Liu Xinyu , Liu Wei , Liang Li , Wan Hua , Luo Yafei , Tang Dianyong , Shi Hubing , Hu Jianping
Published: July 2019

The association of RYL-552 results in the weakening of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and large allosterism of NDH2. And there was a significant positive correlation between the angular change and the distance change.
Size-dependent selective crystallization using an inorganic mixed-oxoanion system for lanthanide separation
Authors: Lu Huangjie , Guo Xiaojing , Wang Yaxing , Diefenbach Kariem , Chen Lanhua , Wang Jian-Qiang , Lin Jian , Wang Shuao
Published: July 2019

A unique selective crystallization approach for simple and efficient lanthanide separation has been developed by employing an iodate–sulfate mixed-anion system.
Cation substitution induced excellent quantum efficiency and thermal stability in (Ca1−xSrx)9La(PO4)7:Eu2+ phosphors
Authors: Kim Dorim , Lee Bo Ram , Park Sung Heum , Choi Byung Chun , Kim Jung Hwan , Jeong Jung Hyun
Published: July 2019

Stable and efficient inorganic single-doped (Ca1−xSrx)9La(PO4)7:Eu2+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) phosphors were demonstrated.
Iridium-catalyzed diastereoselective amination of alcohols with chiral tert-butanesulfinamide by the use of a borrowing hydrogen methodology
Authors: Xi Xiaomei , Li Yongjie , Wang Guannan , Xu Guangda , Shang Lina , Zhang Yao , Xia Lixin
Published: July 2019

An iridium-catalyzed diastereoselective amination of alcohols with chiral tert-butanesulfinamide was developed under basic conditions, affording the optically active secondary sulfinamides in high yields and diastereoselectivities.
Cleavage of lignin model compounds and ligninox using aqueous oxalic acid
Authors: Lindsay Ashley C. , Kudo Shinji , Sperry Jonathan
Published: July 2019

Aqueous oxalic acid cleaves oxidised β-O-4 lignin model compounds by two distinct mechanisms that are dependent on the presence of the hydroxymethyl substituent.
Dynamic competition of inflation and delamination in the finite deformation of thin membranes
Authors: Benet Eduard , Vernerey Franck J.
Published: July 2019

We show that blister growth is controlled by the competition between two instabilities: one inherent to the rubber and a second one pertaining to the adhesion. Understanding this phenomenon can be used to target a stable blister shape.
A model for the aberrant DNA methylomes in aging cells and cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Huiming , Zhang Kang , Zhu Jian-Kang
Published: July 2019

DNA methylation at the fifth position of cytosine is a major epigenetic mark conserved in plants and mammals. Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns are dynamically controlled by integrated activities of establishment, maintenance, and removal. In both plants and mammals, a pattern of global DNA hypomethylation coupled with increased methylation levels at some specific genomic regions arises at specific developmental stages and in certain abnormal cells, such as mammalian aging cells and cancer cells as well as some plant epigenetic mutants. Here we provide an overview of this distinct DNA methylation pattern in mammals and plants, and propose that a methylstat, which is a cis-element responsive to both DNA methylation and active demethylation activities and controlling the transcriptional activity of a key DNA methylation regulator, can help to explain the enigmatic DNA methylation patterns in aging cells and cancer cells.
Thermal history modelling of the L chondrite parent body
Authors: Gail Hans-Peter , Trieloff Mario
Published: July 2019

Context.The cooling history of individual meteorites can be reconstructed if closure temperatures and closure ages of different radioisotopic chronometers are available for a couple of meteorites. If a close similarity in chemical and isotopic composition suggests a common origin from the same parent body, some basic properties of this body can be derived.

Aims.The radius of the L chondrite parent body, its formation time, and its evolution history are determined by fitting theoretical models to empirical data of radioisotopic chronometers for L chondrites.

Methods.A simplified evolution model for the L chondrite parent body was constructed considering sintering of the initially porous material, temperature dependent heat conductivity, and an insulating regolith layer. Such models were fitted to thermochronological data of five meteorites for which precise data for the Hf-W and U-Pb-Pb thermochronometers have been published.

Results.A set of parameters for the L chondrite parent body is found that yields excellent agreement (within error bounds) between a thermal evolution model and thermochonological data of five examined L chondrites. Empirical cooling rate data also agree with the model results within error bounds such that there is no conflict between cooling rate data and the onion-shell model. Two models are found to be compatible with the presently available empirical data: one model with a radius of 115 km and a formation time of 1.89 Ma after CAI formation, and another model with 160 km radius and formation time of 1.835 Ma. The central temperature of the smaller body remains well below the Ni,Fe-FeS eutectic melting temperature and is consistent with the apparent non-existence of primitive achondrites related to the L chondrites. For the bigger model, incipient melting in the central core region is predicted, which opens the possibility that primitive achondrites related to L chondrites could be found.
Die homöopathische Behandlung des Leiomyoms
Authors: Reschke Nonna
Published: July 2019

In dieser Arbeit wird der homöopathische Ansatz zur Behandlung des Leiomyoms in einer Gruppe von 133 gebärfähigen Frauen gezeigt. Die Behandlung erfolgte mit homöopathischen Einzelmitteln in mittlerer und hoher Potenz. Wir verwendeten pflanzliche, tierische und mineralische Mittel unter systematischer gynäkologischer und Ultraschallkontrolle. Berufliche Einflüsse und Belastungen im Alter von 45 Jahren beeinflussten die Wirksamkeit der Therapie. In den meisten Fällen waren die Ergebnisse konstant und positiv. Sie beweisen die hohe Wirksamkeit der homöopathischen Behandlung, ihre Toleranz und Sicherheit.
Kurzschluss im Nervensystem: Ausgewählte Umweltfaktoren und Mikronährstoffe bei Multipler Sklerose
Authors: Gröber Uwe
Published: July 2019

Als Ursachen für die chronisch entzündliche Autoimmunerkrankung Multiple Sklerose (MS) werden neben einer genetisch bedingten Prädisposition Infektionen und weitere Faktoren wie Rauchen, Übergewicht, Fehlernährung, Stress und Vitamin-D-Mangel diskutiert. Die Ernährung hat über die Darmmikrobiota direkten Einfluss auf die Gesundheit des ZNS. Es zeichnet sich ab, dass eine Ernährung mit ω-3-Fettsäuren und viel Gemüse, Hülsenfrüchten und Vollkornprodukten durch positive Beeinflussung von Darmflora und Darmbarriere bei MS günstig wirkt. Besondere Bedeutung kommt Mikronährstoffen wie Antioxidanzien, Vitamin B12, Biotin und Vitamin A zu.
Imaging of Abnormal Air in the Abdomen and Pelvis
Authors: Sharma Shobhit , McDougal Jonathan , Pandey Tarun , Jambhekar Kedar , Ram Roopa
Published: July 2019

The presence of abnormal air collection on an imaging study is quite often the reason as well as the solution to a diagnostic dilemma. The purpose of this review article is to develop an understanding of anatomical localization and determine etiology of abnormal air collections in the abdomen and pelvis. Abnormal air collections are commonly encountered on imaging studies on a daily basis, and this article will help familiarize the interpreting radiologist with the pathophysiology of these collections and help solve various diagnostic challenges and avoid potential pitfalls.
Ein neues Kurskonzept für die Manuelle Therapie
Authors: Binder Raymond
Published: July 2019

Der VPT Baden-Württemberg führt eine neue Manuelle Therapie Kursserie durch. Die Basis bildet das bisherige Curriculum. Ergänzt wird es um die aktuellen
wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse der Manuellen Therapie, der Schmerzphysiotherapie sowie der Therapie cranio-mandibulärer Dysfunktionen. Der Unterricht in diesem
Curriculum bezieht sich in erster Linie auf die klinischen Muster der Patienten, die Therapeuten in der täglichen Arbeit einer physiotherapeutischen Praxis
begegnen. Einen hohen Stellewert haben die Befunderhebung, das Finden des Therapieziels, die Therapieplanung und die Edukation des Patienten – alles praxisnah
umsetzbar.
Suppression of epidemic spreading process on multiplex networks via active immunization
Authors: Li Zhaoqing , Zhu Peican , Zhao Dawei , Deng Zhenghong , Wang Zhen
Published: July 2019

Spatial epidemic spreading, a fundamental dynamical process upon complex networks, attracts huge research interest during the past few decades. To suppress the spreading of epidemic, a couple of effective methods have been proposed, including node vaccination. Under such a scenario, nodes are immunized passively and fail to reveal the mechanisms of active activity. Here, we suggest one novel model of an observer node, which can identify infection through interacting with infected neighbors and inform the other neighbors for vaccination, on multiplex networks, consisting of epidemic spreading layer and information spreading layer. In detail, the epidemic spreading layer supports susceptible-infected-recovered process, while observer nodes will be selected according to several algorithms derived from percolation theory. Numerical simulation results show that the algorithm based on large degree performs better than random placement, while the algorithm based on nodes’ degree in the information spreading layer performs the best (i.e., the best suppression efficacy is guaranteed when placing observer nodes based on nodes’ degree in the information spreading layer). With the help of state probability transition equation, the above phenomena can be validated accurately. Our work thus may shed new light into understanding control of empirical epidemic control.
Semi-empirical pressure loss model for viscous flow through high aspect ratio rectangular orifices
Authors: Yusuf Yishak , Sabbagh Reza , Nobes David S.
Published: July 2019

A predictive model is developed for the pressure loss coefficient for a viscous flow through a rectangular orifice on a pipe-installed thick plate. The model is developed based on the 1-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation and an asymptotic increase in velocity modeled to have a direct relation with the flow convergence in the near-inlet region. Here, the flow velocity increases asymptotically from the steady mean upstream value to the orifice velocity. This phenomenon is represented by a convergence parameter, ϕ, used in the velocity transition model to quantify the length of the convergence zone. The static pressure drop is measured experimentally for varying orifice aspect ratio, AR, at creeping Reynolds numbers (0.01 ≤ Re ≤ 0.1). A significantly wider range of AR is covered (1 ≤ AR ≤ 250), compared to related works in the literature. Results show that the relative dominance of the convergence phenomenon is affected by AR. The maximum length of convergence is for the square orifice (AR = 1), as the flow experiences comparable convergence from all directions, whereas for higher AR, convergence becomes less dominant in one of the two midplanes of investigation. The loss coefficient thus decreases as AR increases. At constant Re, higher AR generally leads to higher pressure drop but lower values of the loss coefficient. The velocity gradient in the convergence zone is also determined as a function of AR and Re which verifies that lower AR takes a longer distance for the velocity transition due to increased convergence.
Qualitative analysis of domestic violence detection and response in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Baird K. , Carrasco A. , Gillespie K. , Boyd A.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTIONDomestic and family violence is a public health problem of epidemic proportions and a significant issue facing the Australian community. It knows no boundaries, is indiscriminate to geographical location, social class, age, religious or cultural background.
AIMThis study aimed to analyse the processes currently used to identify and respond to domestic and family violence in a large tertiary hospital in Australia, and to classify the benefits and weaknesses of these existing systems.
METHODSA qualitative method used semistructured, face-to-face and telephone interviews with key informants in 16 key areas across the hospital. Thematic analysis of the interviews was used to define the key issues and areas of interest identified by participants.
RESULTSThere was a dearth of existing guidelines or pathways of care for patients experiencing domestic violence. Several strengths and weaknesses were identified in relation to the protocols and systems used by the hospital, including limited training for staff and a lack of standardisation of processes, workplace instructions and clinical guidelines. With the exception of maternity services, no clinical service area used a guideline or work instruction. Most interviewees highlighted the need for the safety and protection of staff and victims as a priority.
DISCUSSIONDomestic and family violence is an enormous burden on the health system. However, many staff have little or no guidance on dealing with it or are unaware of existing protocols or guidelines for detection or response. Participants recommended further education and training for staff, consistent guidelines, specialist liaison and more educational and information resources for staff and patients. Further investigation and discussions with patients affected by violence is warranted to provide robust recommendations for policy change.
The future of the industry.
Authors: Stainton H.
Published: July 2019

This final chapter assesses the future possibilities for TEFL tourism (i.e., tourism that involves teaching English as a foreign language), highlights lessons learned from the wider tourism industry and suggests the implementation of appropriate guidelines, regulations and mindfulness.
The symbolism of the built temple.
Authors: Vidal-Casellas D.
Published: July 2019

This chapter aims to deconstruct religious architecture into fundamental elements, shapes, numbers and basic relations. First, it reflects on the relation between the temple as a built space and the value of the holy. The holy is an absolute element, intangible, but which in some way manifests itself to be perceived by the human being. The chapter then examines the process by which a temple is built, above all focusing on how the choice of location responds to a number of questions that are more symbolic than casuistic. Finally, it examines a number of aspects related to the symbolism of the temple and the meaning or meanings that can be attributed to the different elements and built parts of temples, above all Christian ones, but also relating them to those characteristics shared with other religious traditions.
Bible and religious tourism: some cultural proposals.
Authors: Ferrer J.
Published: July 2019

This chapter intends to contribute ideas for incorporating the Bible into the religious and cultural world of tourism. It proposes a unique dialogue between some aspects of the great narration that the Bible represents and various artefacts of the world's cultural history. The latter are found in museums and libraries everywhere and are proposed here as a theme for culture and tourism precisely because of their value in relation to the reading and interpretation of the Bible.
Transformation of cultural identity, tourism and intercultural dialogue: medieval world heritage sites in Serbia between cultural monuments and shrines.
Authors: Ognjević T.
Published: July 2019

This chapter deals with the challenges of church heritage in Serbia with a special focus on the monastery complexes under UNESCO protection in Studenica, Sopoćani and Stari Ras, and in the light of Orthodox monastic communities' lifestyles and their relationship with tourism. At the same time, based on the Artis Center experience within a cultural and creative tourism project, this chapter seeks to highlight the possible models of interpretation of sacred places through the prism of so-called female history, or personal history of Serbian medieval rulers' wives and daughters, who are generally foreigners, but as well-respected saints of Serbian Orthodox churches, create exceptional potential for intercultural dialogue.
Llull, a traveller in the service of the Faith.
Authors: Ensenyat G.
Published: July 2019

This chapter looks at the travels and pilgrimages of Ramon Llull during the Middle Ages. It is shown that Llull's travels had a specific motivation: to contribute to apologetic action. Within Christendom, the object was to convince the civil and religious powers to support his evangelizing projects. Within Islam, Llull carried out his missionary project through dialogue with the motive of converting Muslims to Christianity.
The diachrony of landscapes: a way of sightseeing.
Authors: Garí B. , Carrillo-Rangel D.
Published: July 2019

This chapter focuses on the 'Spiritual Landscapes' research project in Spain, which studies the spaces of spirituality in the Middle Ages. The public participation activities that form part of the project are outlined. These activities are linked to tourism in general (religious tourism in particular), with the aim of facilitating a dialogue with the general public concerning the past and present that is fruitful in terms of increasing an awareness of heritage and the importance of its preservation.
Future for religious heritage and the benefits of European cooperation.
Authors: Coomans T. , Grootswagers L.
Published: July 2019

In 2011, the non-governmental and non-religious organization Future for Religious Heritage (FRH) was founded with the aim of 'promoting, encouraging and supporting the safeguard, maintenance, valorisation and use of places of worship as well as their content and history'. This chapter defines the issue of religious heritage in Europe, introduces the FRH and the benefits of international cooperation, and touches upon best practices among its members.
Assembling nuclear domains: Lessons from DNA repair
Authors: Schrank Benjamin , Gautier Jean
Published: July 2019

Eukaryotic nuclei are organized into nuclear domains that unite loci sharing a common function. These domains are essential for diverse processes including (1) the formation of topologically associated domains (TADs) that coordinate replication and transcription, (2) the formation of specialized transcription and splicing factories, and (3) the clustering of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which concentrates damaged DNA for repair. The generation of nuclear domains requires forces that are beginning to be identified. In the case of DNA DSBs, DNA movement and clustering are driven by actin filament nucleators. Furthermore, RNAs and low-complexity protein domains such as RNA-binding proteins also accumulate around sites of transcription and repair. The link between liquid–liquid phase separation and actin nucleation in the formation of nuclear domains is still unknown. This review discusses DSB repair domain formation as a model for functional nuclear domains in other genomic contexts.
Embryonic FAP+ lymphoid tissue organizer cells generate the reticular network of adult lymph nodes
Authors: Denton Alice E. , Carr Edward J. , Magiera Lukasz P. , Watts Andrew J.B. , Fearon Douglas T.
Published: July 2019

The induction of adaptive immunity is dependent on the structural organization of LNs, which is in turn governed by the stromal cells that underpin LN architecture. Using a novel fate-mapping mouse model, we trace the developmental origin of mesenchymal LN stromal cells (mLNSCs) to a previously undescribed embryonic fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP)+ progenitor. FAP+ cells of the LN anlagen express lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), but not intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), suggesting they are early mesenchymal lymphoid tissue organizer (mLTo) cells. Clonal labeling shows that FAP+ progenitors locally differentiate into mLNSCs. This process is also coopted in nonlymphoid tissues in response to infection to facilitate the development of tertiary lymphoid structures, thereby mimicking the process of LN ontogeny in response to infection.
Perception, Representation, Realism, and Function
Authors: Springle Alison Ann
Published: July 2019

According to orthodox representationalism, perceptual states have constitutive veridicality or accuracy conditions. In defense of this view, several philosophers—most notably Tyler Burge—employ a realist strategy that turns on the purported explanatory ineliminability of representational posits in perceptual science. I argue that Burge’s version of the realist strategy fails as a defense of orthodox representationalism. However, it may vindicate a different kind of representationalism.
Evolutionary Species in Light of Population Genomics
Authors: Sterner Beckett
Published: July 2019

Evolutionary conceptions of species place special weight on each species having dynamic independence as a unit of evolution. However, the idea that species have their own historical fates, tendencies, or roles has resisted systematic analysis. Growing evidence from population genomics shows that many paradigm species regularly engage in hybridization. How can species be defined in terms of independent evolutionary identities if their genomes are dynamically coupled through lateral exchange? I introduce the concept of a “composite lineage” to distinguish species and subspecies on the basis of the proportion of a group’s heritable traits that are uncoupled from reproductive exchange.
Biophysics at the coffee shop: lessons learned working with George Oster
Authors: Igoshin Oleg A. , Chen Jing , Xing Jianhua , Liu Jian , Elston Timothy C. , Grabe Michael , Kim Kenneth S. , Nirody Jasmine A. , Rangamani Padmini , Sun Sean X. , Wang Hongyun , Wolgemuth Charles
Published: July 2019

Over the past 50 years, the use of mathematical models, derived from physical reasoning, to describe molecular and cellular systems has evolved from an art of the few to a cornerstone of biological inquiry. George Oster stood out as a pioneer of this paradigm shift from descriptive to quantitative biology not only through his numerous research accomplishments, but also through the many students and postdocs he mentored over his long career. Those of us fortunate enough to have worked with George agree that his sharp intellect, physical intuition, and passion for scientific inquiry not only inspired us as scientists but also greatly influenced the way we conduct research. We would like to share a few important lessons we learned from George in honor of his memory and with the hope that they may inspire future generations of scientists.