bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Genera and Species of Caulobacter and Brevundimonas Bacteriophages Provide Insights into Phage Genome Evolution
Authors: Ely Bert , Hils Michael , Clarke Aaron , Albert Maegan , Holness Nadia , Lenski Jacob , Mohammadi Tannaz
Published: April 2024

Previous studies have identified diverse bacteriophages that infect Caulobacter vibrioides strain CB15 ranging from small RNA phages to four genera of jumbo phages. In this study, we focus on 20 bacteriophages whose genomes range from 40 to 60 kb in length. Genome comparisons indicated that these diverse phages represent six Caulobacter phage genera and one additional genus that includes both Caulobacter and Brevundimonas phages. Within species, comparisons revealed that both single base changes and inserted or deleted genetic material cause the genomes of closely related phages to diverge. Among genera, the basic gene order and the orientation of key genes were retained with most of the observed variation occurring at ends of the genomes. We hypothesize that the nucleotide sequences of the ends of these phage genomes are less important than the need to maintain the size of the genome and the stability of the corresponding mRNAs.
Monitoring HPV Prevalence and Risk Cofactors for Abnormal Cytology in the Post-Vaccination Period among Croatian Women
Authors: Pešut Ena , Šimić Ivana , Fureš Rajko , Milutin Gašperov Nina , Lež Cvjetko , Feratović Fabijan , Kukina Žvigač Tomica , Grce Magdalena , Erceg Ivkošić Ivana , Sabol Ivan
Published: April 2024

The incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer in Croatia remains a health challenge despite screening efforts. Besides the persistent infection with HPV, the development of cancer is also associated with some cofactors. The goal of this study was to assess circulating HPV genotypes and risk factors for the development of cervical precancer after almost 16 years from the onset of HPV vaccination in Croatia. In this study, a total of 321 women attending gynecological care were evaluated. Relevant medical and demographic information, including cytology, were collected. HPV genotyping was performed by PCR. Comparing the HPV types found in circulation in the pre-vaccination (1999–2015) and post-vaccination periods (2020–2023), a statistically significant reduction in HPV 31 was noted, while the overall prevalence increased in the post-vaccination period. Besides the expected HPV positivity as a risk factor, the history of smoking was associated with LSIL or worse cytology at enrollment. For the first time, this population study revealed a statistically significant shift in the HPV genotype in the post-vaccination period, as well as the confirmation of risk factors for the development of abnormal cytology among Croatian women.
Autophagy Deregulation in HIV-1-Infected Cells Increases Extracellular Vesicle Release and Contributes to TLR3 Activation
Authors: DeMarino Catherine , Cowen Maria , Williams Anastasia , Khatkar Pooja , Abulwerdi Fardokht A. , Henderson Lisa , Denniss Julia , Pleet Michelle L. , Luttrell Delores R. , Vaisman Iosif , Liotta Lance A. , Steiner Joseph , Le Grice Stuart F. J. , Nath Avindra , Kashanchi Fatah
Published: April 2024

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection can result in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), a spectrum of disorders characterized by neurological impairment and chronic inflammation. Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has elicited a marked reduction in the number of individuals diagnosed with HAND. However, there is continual, low-level viral transcription due to the lack of a transcription inhibitor in cART regimens, which results in the accumulation of viral products within infected cells. To alleviate stress, infected cells can release accumulated products, such as TAR RNA, in extracellular vesicles (EVs), which can contribute to pathogenesis in neighboring cells. Here, we demonstrate that cART can contribute to autophagy deregulation in infected cells and increased EV release. The impact of EVs released from HIV-1 infected myeloid cells was found to contribute to CNS pathogenesis, potentially through EV-mediated TLR3 (Toll-like receptor 3) activation, suggesting the need for therapeutics to target this mechanism. Three HIV-1 TAR-binding compounds, 103FA, 111FA, and Ral HCl, were identified that recognize TAR RNA and reduce TLR activation. These data indicate that packaging of viral products into EVs, potentially exacerbated by antiretroviral therapeutics, may induce chronic inflammation of the CNS observed in cART-treated patients, and novel therapeutic strategies may be exploited to mitigate morbidity.
Lysis Physiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infected with ssRNA Phage PRR1
Authors: Daugelavičius Rimantas , Daujotaitė Greta , Bamford Dennis H.
Published: April 2024

The phage PRR1 belongs to the Leviviridae family, a group of ssRNA bacteriophages that infect Gram-negative bacteria. The variety of host cells is determined by the specificity of PRR1 to a pilus encoded by a broad host range of IncP-type plasmids that confer multiple types of antibiotic resistance to the host. Using P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 as a host, we analyzed the PRR1 infection cycle, focusing on cell lysis. PRR1 infection renders P. aeruginosa cells sensitive to lysozyme approximately 20 min before the start of a drop in suspension turbidity. At the same time, infected cells start to accumulate lipophilic anions. The on-line monitoring of the entire infection cycle showed that single-gene-mediated lysis strongly depends on the host cells’ physiological state. The blockage of respiration or a reduction in the intracellular ATP concentration during the infection resulted in the inhibition of lysis. The same effect was observed when the synthesis of PRR1 lysis protein was induced in an E. coli expression system. In addition, lysis was strongly dependent on the level of aeration. Dissolved oxygen concentrations sufficient to support cell growth did not ensure efficient lysis, and a coupling between cell lysis initiation and aeration level was observed. However, the duration of the drop in suspension turbidity did not depend on the level of aeration.
Back to the Basics of SARS-CoV-2 Biochemistry: Microvascular Occlusive Glycan Bindings Govern Its Morbidities and Inform Therapeutic Responses
Authors: Scheim David E. , Parry Peter I. , Rabbolini David J. , Aldous Colleen , Yagisawa Morimasa , Clancy Robert , Borody Thomas J. , Hoy Wendy E.
Published: April 2024

Consistent with the biochemistry of coronaviruses as well established over decades, SARS-CoV-2 makes its initial attachment to host cells through the binding of its spike protein (SP) to sialylated glycans (containing the monosaccharide sialic acid) on the cell surface. The virus can then slide over and enter via ACE2. SARS-CoV-2 SP attaches particularly tightly to the trillions of red blood cells (RBCs), platelets and endothelial cells in the human body, each cell very densely coated with sialic acid surface molecules but having no ACE2 or minimal ACE2. These interlaced attachments trigger the blood cell aggregation, microvascular occlusion and vascular damage that underlie the hypoxia, blood clotting and related morbidities of severe COVID-19. Notably, the two human betacoronaviruses that express a sialic acid-cleaving enzyme are benign, while the other three—SARS, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS—are virulent. RBC aggregation experimentally induced in several animal species using an injected polysaccharide caused most of the same morbidities of severe COVID-19. This glycan biochemistry is key to disentangling controversies that have arisen over the efficacy of certain generic COVID-19 treatment agents and the safety of SP-based COVID-19 vaccines. More broadly, disregard for the active physiological role of RBCs yields unreliable or erroneous reporting of pharmacokinetic parameters as routinely obtained for most drugs and other bioactive agents using detection in plasma, with whole-blood levels being up to 30-fold higher. Appreciation of the active role of RBCs can elucidate the microvascular underpinnings of other health conditions, including cardiovascular disease, and therapeutic opportunities to address them.
Sosuga Virus Detected in Egyptian Rousette Bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) in Sierra Leone
Authors: Amman Brian R. , Koroma Alusine H. , Schuh Amy J. , Conteh Immah , Sealy Tara K. , Foday Ibrahim , Johnny Jonathan , Bakarr Ibrahim A. , Whitmer Shannon L. M. , Wright Emily A. , Gbakima Aiah A. , Graziano James , Bangura Camilla , Kamanda Emmanuel , Osborne Augustus , Saidu Emmanuel , Musa Jonathan A. , Bangura Doris F. , Williams Sammuel M. T. , Fefegula George M. , Sumaila Christian , Jabaty Juliet , James Fatmata H. , Jambai Amara , Garnett Kate , Kamara Thomas F. , Towner Jonathan S. , Lebbie Aiah
Published: April 2024

Sosuga virus (SOSV), a rare human pathogenic paramyxovirus, was first discovered in 2012 when a person became ill after working in South Sudan and Uganda. During an ecological investigation, several species of bats were sampled and tested for SOSV RNA and only one species, the Egyptian rousette bat (ERBs; Rousettus aegyptiacus), tested positive. Since that time, multiple other species have been sampled and ERBs in Uganda have continued to be the only species of bat positive for SOSV infection. Subsequent studies of ERBs with SOSV demonstrated that ERBs are a competent host for SOSV and shed this infectious virus while exhibiting only minor infection-associated pathology. Following the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa, surveillance efforts focused on discovering reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens resulted in the capture and testing of many bat species. Here, SOSV RNA was detected by qRT-PCR only in ERBs captured in the Moyamba District of Sierra Leone in the central region of the country. These findings represent a substantial range extension from East Africa to West Africa for SOSV, suggesting that this paramyxovirus may occur in ERB populations throughout its sub-Saharan African range.
Association of the IFNG +874T/A Polymorphism with Symptomatic COVID-19 Susceptibility
Authors: Sarges Kevin Matheus Lima de , Póvoa da Costa Flávia , Santos Erika Ferreira dos , Cantanhede Marcos Henrique Damasceno , da Silva Rosilene , Veríssimo Adriana de Oliveira Lameira , Viana Maria de Nazaré do Socorro de Almeida , Rodrigues Fabíola Brasil Barbosa , Leite Mauro de Meira , Torres Maria Karoliny da Silva , Bentes da Silva Christiane , Brito Mioni Thieli Figueiredo Magalhães de , Silva Andréa Luciana Soares da , Henriques Daniele Freitas , Vallinoto Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres , Viana Giselle Maria Rachid , Queiroz Maria Alice Freitas , Vallinoto Antonio Carlos Rosário , Santos Eduardo José Melo dos
Published: April 2024

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) are important inflammatory mediators in the development of cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) regulate the expression of these cytokines, making host genetics a key factor in the prognosis of COVID-19. In this study, we investigated the associations of the TNF -308G/A and IFNG +874T/A polymorphisms with COVID-19. We analyzed the frequencies of the two polymorphisms in the control groups (CG: TNF -308G/A, n = 497; IFNG +874T/A, n = 397), a group of patients with COVID-19 (CoV, n = 222) and among the subgroups of patients with nonsevere (n = 150) and severe (n = 72) COVID-19. We found no significant difference between the genotypic and allelic frequencies of TNF -308G/A in the groups analyzed; however, both the frequencies of the high expression genotype (TT) (CoV: 13.51% vs. CG: 6.30%; p = 0.003) and the *T allele (CoV: 33.56% vs. CG: 24. 81%; p = 0.001) of the IFNG +874T/A polymorphism were higher in the COVID-19 group than in the control group, with no differences between the subgroups of patients with nonsevere and severe COVID-19. The *T allele of IFNG +874T/A (rs2430561) is associated with susceptibility to symptomatic COVID-19. These SNPs provided valuables clues about the potential mechanism involved in the susceptibility to developing symptomatic COVID-19.
Why Certain Repurposed Drugs Are Unlikely to Be Effective Antivirals to Treat SARS-CoV-2 Infections
Authors: Hurwitz Selwyn J. , De Ramyani , LeCher Julia C. , Downs-Bowen Jessica A. , Goh Shu Ling , Zandi Keivan , McBrayer Tamara , Amblard Franck , Patel Dharmeshkumar , Kohler James J. , Bhasin Manoj , Dobosh Brian S. , Sukhatme Vikas , Tirouvanziam Rabindra M. , Schinazi Raymond F.
Published: April 2024

Most repurposed drugs have proved ineffective for treating COVID-19. We evaluated median effective and toxic concentrations (EC50, CC50) of 49 drugs, mostly from previous clinical trials, in Vero cells. Ratios of reported unbound peak plasma concentrations, (Cmax)/EC50, were used to predict the potential in vivo efficacy. The 20 drugs with the highest ratios were retested in human Calu-3 and Caco-2 cells, and their CC50 was determined in an expanded panel of cell lines. Many of the 20 drugs with the highest ratios were inactive in human Calu-3 and Caco-2 cells. Antivirals effective in controlled clinical trials had unbound Cmax/EC50 ≥ 6.8 in Calu-3 or Caco-2 cells. EC50 of nucleoside analogs were cell dependent. This approach and earlier availability of more relevant cultures could have reduced the number of unwarranted clinical trials.
Delving into the Aftermath of a Disease-Associated Near-Extinction Event: A Five-Year Study of a Serpentovirus (Nidovirus) in a Critically Endangered Turtle Population
Authors: Parrish Kate , Kirkland Peter , Horwood Paul , Chessman Bruce , Ruming Shane , McGilvray Gerry , Rose Karrie , Hall Jane , Skerratt Lee
Published: April 2024

Bellinger River virus (BRV) is a serpentovirus (nidovirus) that was likely responsible for the catastrophic mortality of the Australian freshwater turtle Myuchelys georgesi in February 2015. From November 2015 to November 2020, swabs were collected from turtles during repeated river surveys to estimate the prevalence of BRV RNA, identify risk factors associated with BRV infection, and refine sample collection. BRV RNA prevalence at first capture was significantly higher in M. georgesi (10.8%) than in a coexisting turtle, Emydura macquarii (1.0%). For M. georgesi, various risk factors were identified depending on the analysis method, but a positive BRV result was consistently associated with a larger body size. All turtles were asymptomatic when sampled and conjunctival swabs were inferred to be optimal for ongoing monitoring. Although the absence of disease and recent BRV detections suggests a reduced ongoing threat, the potential for the virus to persist in an endemic focus or resurge in cyclical epidemics cannot be excluded. Therefore, BRV is an ongoing potential threat to the conservation of M. georgesi, and strict adherence to biosecurity principles is essential to minimise the risk of reintroduction or spread of BRV or other pathogens.
Characterization of the Protective Cellular Immune Response in Pigs Immunized Intradermally with the Live Attenuated African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) Lv17/WB/Rie1
Authors: Pedrera Miriam , Soler Alejandro , Simón Alicia , Casado Nadia , Pérez Covadonga , García-Casado María A. , Fernández-Pacheco Paloma , Sánchez-Cordón Pedro J. , Arias Marisa , Gallardo Carmina
Published: April 2024

Candidate vaccines against African swine fever virus (ASFV) based on naturally attenuated or genetically modified viruses have the potential to generate protective immune responses, although there is no consensus on what defines a protective immune response against ASFV. Studies, especially in sensitive host species and focused on unravelling protective mechanisms, will contribute to the development of safer and more effective vaccines. The present study provides a detailed analysis of phenotypic and functional data on cellular responses induced by intradermal immunization and subsequent boosting of domestic pigs with the naturally attenuated field strain Lv17/WB/Rie1, as well as the mechanisms underlying protection against intramuscular challenge with the virulent genotype II Armenia/07 strain. The transient increase in IL-8 and IL-10 in serum observed after immunization might be correlated with survival. Protection was also associated with a robust ASFV-specific polyfunctional memory T-cell response, where CD4CD8 and CD8 T cells were identified as the main cellular sources of virus-specific IFNγ and TNFα. In parallel with the cytokine response, these T-cell subsets also showed specific cytotoxic activity as evidenced by the increased expression of the CD107a degranulation marker. Along with virus-specific multifunctional CD4CD8 and CD8 T-cell responses, the increased levels of antigen experienced in cytotoxic CD4 T cells observed after the challenge in immunized pigs might also contribute to controlling virulent infection by killing mechanisms targeting infected antigen-presenting cells. Future studies should elucidate whether the memory T-cell responses evidenced in the present study persist and provide long-term protection against further ASFV infections.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Associated Oral Cholera Vaccine Hesitancy in a Cholera-Endemic Country: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Nyalundja Arsene Daniel , Bugeme Patrick Musole , Ntaboba Alain Balola , Hatu’m Victoire Urbain , Ashuza Guillaume Shamamba , Tamuzi Jacques Lukenze , Ndwandwe Duduzile , Iwu-Jaja Chinwe , Wiysonge Charles Shey , Katoto Patrick D. M. C.
Published: April 2024

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its enablers shape community uptake of non-covid vaccines such as the oral cholera vaccine (OCV) in the post-COVID-19 era. This study assessed the impact of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its drivers on OCV hesitancy in a cholera-endemic region of the Democratic Republic of Congo. We conducted a community-based survey in Bukavu. The survey included demographics, intention to take OCV and COVID-19 vaccines, reasons for COVID-19 hesitancy, and thoughts and feelings about COVID-19 vaccines. Poisson regression analyses were performed. Of the 1708 respondents, 84.66% and 77.57% were hesitant to OCV alone and to both OCV and COVID-19, respectively. Hesitancy to COVID-19 vaccines rose OCV hesitancy by 12% (crude prevalence ratio, [cPR] = 1.12, 95%CI [1.03–1.21]). Independent predictors of OCV hesitancy were living in a semi-urban area (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.10, 95%CI [1.03–1.12]), religious refusal of vaccines (aPR = 1.06, 95%CI [1.02–1.12]), concerns about vaccine safety (aPR = 1.05, 95%CI [1.01–1.11]) and adverse effects (aPR = 1.06, 95%CI [1.01–1.12]), as well as poor vaccine literacy (aPR = 1.07, 95%CI [1.01–1.14]). Interestingly, the belief in COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness reduced OCV hesitancy by 24% (aPR = 0.76, 95%CI [0.62–0.93]). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its drivers exhibited a significant domino effect on OCV uptake. Addressing vaccine hesitancy through community-based health literacy and trust-building interventions would likely improve the introduction of novel non-COVID-19 vaccines in the post-COVID-19 era.
Adsorptive Removal of Sb(V) from Wastewater by Pseudo-Boehmite: Performance and Mechanism
Authors: He Yating , Mao Qiming , Zhou Yaoyu , Xie Xiande , Luo Lin
Published: April 2024

With the increasing concern about antimony (Sb) pollution and remediation in aquatic ecosystems, more and more feasible technologies have been developed. Adsorption has been extensively studied due to the simplicity of its operation and its minimal environmental effects, but the lack of cheap and stable adsorbents has limited its application in Sb treatment. In this study, pseudo-boehmite (PB) was successfully synthesized via aluminum isopropylate hydrolysis, and its potential for removing Sb(V) from wastewater was explored. The removal efficiency of Sb(V) was 92.50%, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 75.25 mg/g under optimal conditions (pH 5.0, 2 g·L−1 PB, and 10 mg·L−1 Sb(V)). In addition, better performance could be obtained at acidic conditions (pH 3.0–5.0). Surface complexation, electrostatic attraction, and hydrogen bonding were identified as potential major processes for Sb(V) elimination by PB based on experimental and characterization data. This study presents a promising approach for the efficient removal of Sb(V) from wastewater, offering a new insight into the application of aluminum-based materials for heavy metal removal.
Synthesis of Ce-La-Pr/Mn-O Ternary Oxide Composites via Co-Precipitation and Synergistic Photocatalytic Degradation of Cr(VI)
Authors: Feng Xiujuan , Yu Zebang
Published: April 2024

This study utilized a straightforward co-precipitation method to successfully synthesize Ce-La-X(Mn/Pr)-O composite materials for treating simulated hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) wastewater with distinctively porous and fluffy textures, along with tubular morphologies. Notably, Ce-La-Mn-O demonstrated a remarkable specific surface area of 96.2698 m2/g, mesoporous architecture with a pore diameter of 6.9511 nm, and an impressive adsorption capacity of 88.79 mg/g. Under optimized conditions, specifically an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 20 mg/L, a Ce-La-Mn-O dosage of 0.8 g/L, a reaction temperature of 40 °C, an initial pH of 6, and with the application of simulated daylight, the removal rate of Cr(VI) exceeded 98% within 15 min. Even after three cycles, the removal rate was maintained at above 80%. Based on a comprehensive suite of morphological, structural, and performance characterizations, the introduction of Mn/Pr was found to modify the structure of Ce-La-O and enhance the synergistic interactions among the metals within the Ce-La-O framework. In addition, Ce-La-Mn-O exhibited superior visible light absorption properties and dual functionality for catalytic reduction and adsorption. All three materials were found to form -OH polar bond functional groups, converting it to Cr(III) and subsequently forming Cr(OH)3. The Ce-La-X(Mn/Pr)-O composite materials provide a robust theoretical foundation for exploring the dual functional synergistic effects in the efficient removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous systems, indicating their vast potential for practical applications.
Drought in the Po Valley: Identification, Impacts and Strategies to Manage the Events
Authors: Monteleone Beatrice , Borzí Iolanda
Published: April 2024

The area surrounding the Po River, known as the Po Valley, provides a central contribution in the economy of Italy and is highly devoted to agriculture. Recently it has been hit by multiple droughts, among which the exceptional event of summer 2022 is considered the worst dry period of the past 200 years. In the near future, the frequency of such exceptional events is predicted to rise; thus, a deep knowledge of the past droughts that hit the area, the variables used to characterize the events, the impacts they caused and the mitigation strategies adopted to deal with dry periods is of the utmost importance for policy definitions and planning. This study maps the scientific literature published from 2000 to February 2024 on the topic of drought in the Po Valley using the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Overall, 44 articles have been identified and grouped in three main classes: event identification and characterization, impact analysis and management strategies. The main gaps found in the collected papers are the lack of evaluations of the impacts of drought events on human health, hydroelectric energy production and tourism. Furthermore, comprehensive drought management and planning in the area is never addressed in the considered articles. The mentioned aspects deserve more attention, especially the development of drought management plans and policies and the evaluation of their effectiveness.
Groundwater Sustainability and Land Subsidence in California’s Central Valley
Authors: Faunt Claudia C. , Traum Jonathan A. , Boyce Scott E. , Seymour Whitney A. , Jachens Elizabeth R. , Brandt Justin T. , Sneed Michelle , Bond Sandra , Marcelli Marina F.
Published: April 2024

The Central Valley of California is one of the most prolific agricultural regions in the world. Agriculture is reliant on the conjunctive use of surface-water and groundwater. The lack of available surface-water and land-use changes have led to pumping-induced groundwater-level and storage declines, land subsidence, changes to streamflow and the environment, and the degradation of water quality. As a result, in part, the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) was developed. An examination of the components of SGMA and contextualizing regional model applications within the SGMA framework was undertaken to better understand and quantify many of the components of SGMA. Specifically, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) updated the Central Valley Hydrologic Model (CVHM) to assess hydrologic system responses to climatic variation, surface-water availability, land-use changes, and groundwater pumping. MODFLOW-OWHM has been enhanced to simulate the timing of land subsidence and attribute its inelastic and elastic portions. In addition to extending CVHM through 2019, the new version, CVHM2, includes several enhancements as follows: managed aquifer recharge (MAR), pumping with multi-aquifer wells, inflows from ungauged watersheds, and more detailed water-balance subregions, streamflow network, diversions, tile drains, land use, aquifer properties, and groundwater level and land subsidence observations. Combined with historical approximations, CVHM2 estimates approximately 158 km3 of storage loss in the Central Valley from pre-development to 2019. About 15% of the total storage loss is permanent loss of storage from subsidence that has caused damage to infrastructure. Climate extremes will likely complicate the efforts of water managers to store more water in the ground. CVHM2 can provide data in the form of aggregated input datasets, simulate climatic variations and changes, land-use changes or water management scenarios, and resulting changes in groundwater levels, storage, and land subsidence to assist decision-makers in the conjunctive management of water supplies.
Safety Monitoring Method for the Uplift Pressure of Concrete Dams Based on Optimized Spatiotemporal Clustering and the Bayesian Panel Vector Autoregressive Model
Authors: Cheng Lin , Han Jiaxun , Ma Chunhui , Yang Jie
Published: April 2024

To establish a safety monitoring method for the uplift pressure of concrete dams, spatiotemporal information from monitoring data is needed. In the present study, the method of ordering points to identify the clustering structure is employed to spatially cluster the uplift pressure measuring points at different locations on the dam; three distance indexes and two clustering evaluation indexes are used to realize clustering optimization and select the optimal clustering results. The Bayesian panel vector autoregressive model is used to establish the uplift stress safety monitoring model for each category of monitoring point. For a nonstationary sequence, the difference method is selected to ensure that the sequence is stable, and the prediction is carried out according to the presence or absence of exogenous variables. The result is that the addition of exogenous variables increases the accuracy of the model’s forecast. Engineering examples show that the uplift pressure measurement points on the dam are divided into seven categories, and classification is based mainly on location and influencing factors. The multiple correlation coefficients of the training set and test set data of the BPVAR model are more than 0.80, and the prediction error of the validation set is lower than that of the Back Propagation neural network, XGBoost algorithm, and Support Vector Machines. The research in this paper provides some reference for seepage monitoring of concrete dams.
End-to-End Differentiable Physics Temperature Estimation for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Wang Pengyuan , Wang Xinjian , Wang Yunpeng
Published: April 2024

Differentiable physics is an approach that effectively combines physical models with deep learning, providing valuable information about physical systems during the training process of neural networks. This integration enhances the generalization ability and ensures better consistency with physical principles. In this work, we propose a framework for estimating the temperature of a permanent magnet synchronous motor by combining neural networks with the differentiable physical thermal model, as well as utilizing the simulation results. In detail, we first implement a differentiable thermal model based on a lumped parameter thermal network within an automatic differentiation framework. Subsequently, we add a neural network to predict thermal resistances, capacitances, and losses in real time and utilize the thermal parameters’ optimized empirical values as the initial output values of the network to improve the accuracy and robustness of the final temperature estimation. We validate the conceivable advantages of the proposed method through extensive experiments based on both synthetic data and real-world data and then provide some further potential applications.
Adolescents Spending Time with Their Parents: Does It Matter?
Authors: Koning Ina , Voogt Carmen
Published: April 2024

The current study aims to explore the relevance of ‘time spent with parents’ for different risk behaviors (i.e., alcohol use, smoking, gambling and problematic social media use), peer factors (i.e., time spent with peers, peer pressure and peer support) and parenting behaviors (i.e., control, relatedness and family support). A cross-sectional design was employed, including 2165 adolescents aged from 12 to 18 years (Mage = 14.7, SD = 1.33; 52% girls; 30% in pre-vocational education). Independent sample t-tests were performed to compare different contrasting groups (≤1 h vs. >1 h; ≤2 h vs. >2 h; ≤3 h and >3 h) for relevant outcomes. Results. Adolescents spending on average >1 h per day with their parents in joint activities reported lower levels of risk behavior, less peer pressure, more peer support and more parental control, relatedness and family support. At the same time, this does not seem to come at the expense of spending time with peers, as adolescents spending 1 h or more with their parents did not spend less time with their peers. All the findings point at the relevance of parents spending time and undertaking joint activities with their adolescent children.
Analysis of remodeling and degenerative changes in the condylar process on the contralateral side in children with unilateral ankylosis post-mandibular ramus distraction
Authors: Sheifer V. A. , Topolnitskiy O. Z. , Lezhnev D. A. , Petrovskaya V. V. , Imshenetskaya N. I. , Kazaryan A. O. , Fedotov R. N. , Zangieva O. T.
Published: April 2024

Relevance. Patients with a history of unilateral ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) exhibit significant functional and anatomical abnormalities, leading to diminished quality of life and social adaptation. This condition necessitates a complex, multi-stage rehabilitation process. The contralateral, non-operated joint often bears the brunt of functional loads for an extended period post-surgery. Frequently, due to ankylosis-related interventions such as distraction osteogenesis and osteoplasty using various biomaterials, as well as orthognathic surgery, the bone structure of the contralateral joint is subjected to loads exceeding their biological capacity, resulting in notable degenerative changes around the condylar process head.

Materials and methods. An analysis was conducted on data from 55 patients who, within the age range of 7 to 18 years, had undergone multiple mandibular ramus distraction osteogenesis surgeries due to a history of unilateral ankylosis.

Results. The application of the distraction apparatus led to rotational movements of the mandible within the coronal plane, thereby increasing compression around the TMJ on the contralateral side. Subsequent degenerative alterations in the area of the condylar head were observed in 61.8% of the patients.

Conclusion. To mitigate the risk of degenerative changes in the contralateral condylar process head, it is advisable to utilize an orthopedic splint to separate the articular surfaces of the TMJ. This approach helps reduce pressure on the condylar process and prevents pathological remodeling.
A Holocaust Survivor Who Became a Freedom School Teacher: Marione Ingram’s Journey from Hamburg to Mississippi
Authors: Kita Miyuki
Published: April 2024

Marione Ingram was born in 1935 in Hamburg, Nazi Germany. In late July 1943, two days before the date of Ingram’s family’s deportation, the Hamburg air raid, one of the biggest air raids during World War II, began. Ingram and her mother narrowly survived it and spent the rest of the war in hiding. In 1952, Ingram immigrated to the United States to follow after her mother. Upon learning about the discrimination against African Americans, Ingram became involved in the civil rights movement to protest racial bigotry and prejudice. She worked for the March on Washington in 1963 and as a Freedom School teacher in Mississippi in 1964. Through her involvement in the civil rights movement, Ingram transformed herself from a “victim” of the Holocaust into a “combatant in a campaign against racial injustice.” This study aims to demonstrate an example of how a Holocaust experience could turn into power to bring peace and equality to the world through the analysis of Ingram’s autobiographies, The Hands of War (2013) and The Hands of Peace (2015), which Miyuki Kita translated to Japanese.
Comparing the efficacy of combined versus single immune cell adaptive therapy targeting colorectal cancer
Authors: Che Denis Nchang , Lee NaHye , Lee Hyo-Jung , Kim Yea-Won , Battulga Solongo , Lee Ha Na , Ham Won-Kook , Lee Hyunah , Lee Mi Young , Kim Dawoon , Kang Haengji , Yun Subin , Park Jinju , Won Daeyoun David , Lee Jong Kyun
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most frequent cancer with limited therapeutic achievements. Recently, adoptive cellular immunotherapy has been developed as an antitumor therapy. However, its efficacy has not been tested in CRC. This study investigated the ability of an immune cell cocktail of dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells to overcome immunological hurdles and improve the therapeutic efficacy of cell therapy for CRC.Methods: CRC lysate-pulsed monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs), CRC antigen-specifically expanded T cells (CTL), and in vitro-expanded NK cells were cultured from patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The ability of the combined immune cells to kill autologous tumor cells was investigated by co-culturing the combined immune cells with patient-derived tumor cells.Results: The Mo-DCs produced expressed T cell co-stimulating molecules like CD80, CD86, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and HLA-ABC, at high levels and were capable of activating naive T cells. The expanded T cells were predominantly CD8 T cells with high levels of CD8 effector memory cells and low levels of regulatory T cells. The NK cells expressed high levels of activating receptors and were capable of killing other cancer cell lines (K562 and HT29). The immune cell cocktail demonstrated a higher ability to kill autologous tumor cells than single types. An in vivo preclinical study confirmed the safety of the combined immune cell adaptive therapy showing no therapy-related death or general toxicity symptoms.Conclusion: The results suggested that combined immune cell adaptive therapy could overcome the limited efficacy of cell immunotherapy.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN IBU-IBU PKK DALAM MEMASARKAN BUSANA GAMIS DI MEDIA SOSIAL SEBAGAI PENGEMABANGAN HOME INDUSTRI
Authors: Kurniasih Eem , Masduki Lusi Rchmiazasi , Uswatun K Dian Ayu , Bimo Djoko Sri
Published: April 2024

Kegiatan pengabdian ini merupakan kegiatan yang berbasis kewirausahaan yaitu mengolah usaha online, hasil dari kegiatan ibu-ibu pkk dalam membuat busana gamis. Kegiatan tim yang dilaksanakan yaitu membekali ketrampilan Ibu-ibu PKK untuk bisa berwirausaha dan bisa menambah penghasilan. Kegiatan pengadian ini dilaksanakan di Dk. Ocak-Acik, Jati, Jaten Karanganyar-Surakarta yaitu selama 6 bulan. Model dalam pelaksanakan pengabdian ini yaitu terdiri dari pelatihan andragogi 70% praktek dan 30% teori. Peserta lebih fokus pada aktivitas praktek dalam mengolah usaha online untuk menjual busana yang telah dibuat dalam kegiatan pengabdian yang telak dilaksanakan. Tim pengabdian telah memberikan workshop pelatihan dalam strategi menjual busana dengan media online. Target yang telah dicapai dalam kegiatan pengabdian yaitu ibu-ibu PKK yang terdiri dari 10 mitra telah mengetahui cara menjual busana gamis di media sosial seperti Tokopedia, Shopee, Facebook, Instagram, dan Lazada. Kesimpulan dari  kegiatan pengabdian yang telah dilaksanakan yaitu Ibu-ibu pkk sebagai mitra terbantu dalam menjual busana home industri yang dapat menambah peluang penjualan busana gamis
Manajemen Depresi Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Hidup Lansia Di Panti Werdha Jambangan Surabaya
Authors: Sulistyorini Sulistyorini , Noventi Iis , Damawiyah Siti , Setiyowati Eppy
Published: April 2024

Lansia yang memiliki potensi terkena depresi paling tinggi adalah lansia yang tinggal di panti. Hal ini dikarenakan, lansia yang berada di panti tinggal terpisah dari keluarga sehingga tidak memiliki tempat untuk berbagi masalah dan kesedihan yang dirasakan. Belum optimalnya pemantauan penanganan secara intensif dalam meningkatkan manajemen penanganan dalam menghadapi lansia yang mengalami depresi Tujuan pengabdian ini untuk memberikan alternative penanganan lansia dengan depresi melalui kegiatan bercerita dan rendam kaki secara berkelompok. Subyek pengabdian ini adalah lansia yang mengalami depresi sebanyak  14 lansia, Kegiatan ini dilakukan seminggu satu kali selama satu bulan dan memberikan leaflet yang berisi tentang manfaat olahraga rekreasi dengan bercerita dan rendam kaki dengan air hangat. Dari kegiatan ini didapatkan perbandingan tingkat depresi sebelum dilakukan olahraga rekreasi bercerita dan rendam kaki dan setelah dilakukan Tindakan tersebut. Terjadi kenaikan signifikan penurunan depresi dengan nilai p=0.000 < 0.05. Penerapan olahraga rekreasi bercerita dengan rendam kaki air hangat untuk mengurangi perasaan sedih dan tertekan mampu menambah pengetahuna perawat lansia yang menangani lansia dengan depresi.
Dede Korkut Hikâyelerinde Gösterge Değeri Olarak Niteleme Grupları
Authors: Gökkaplan Yusuf
Published: April 2024

Niteleme grupları yazın alanında ve günlük konuşma dilinde anlatımı akıcı ve güçlü kılmak, söyleyişe zenginlik katmak için sıklıkla kullanılan söz öbekleridir. Kullanımdaki sıklık yazarın, konuşucunun, anlatıcının bilinçli tasarrufuyla açıklanabilir. Bütün bunlara alıcı konumundaki kimsenin tasavvurunda oluşan düşünceler de eklendiğinde sözcüklerin anlam sınırlarının ne kadar genişlediğini görmek mümkündür. Türkçede niteleme grupları sıfat ve zarf olmak üzere iki ana başlık altında ele alınabilir. Bunun yanında bazı edatlarla da fillerin farklı durum ifadeleriyle nitelenebildiği görülmektedir. Sıfat ve zarf görevli niteleyicilerin fiilimsi ekleriyle yan cümlecik oluşturarak niteleme grubu oluşturduğu da görülmektedir. Burada ifade edilen tüm niteleme grupları söz dizimi açısından da önemlidir. Bir tümce içerisinde yer alan niteleme grupları tümcedeki anlam zenginliğine doğrudan tesir eden unsur olarak da değerlendirilebilir. Çünkü bir isim veya fiilin sıfat veya zarf görevli bir sözcükle nitelenmesi o sözcüğün yeni bir anlam ilgisiyle kullanılabileceğinin de göstergesidir. Bu bağlamda niteleyiciler aklımızda olan bir sözcüğün farklı algılanmasını sağlayan birer aracıdır. Niteleyiciler sözcüklerin giyebileceği birer kıyafet veya kılıf olarak da değerlendirilebilir. Bu bağlamda niteleyiciler sınırlayıcı, belirleyici, işaretleyici ve açıklayıcı işlevleriyle dikkat çekerler. Bir niteleme grubunda yer alan niteleyicinin zihinde karşılık bulduğu değer onun gösterge değeri olarak ifade edilebilir. “Büyük” sözcüğü bir niteleyici olarak ele alındığında “ev” sözcüğü ile farklı, “tehlike” sözcüğü ile farklı, “gel-” fiili ile farklı bir gösterge değeri ile zihinde karşılık bulur. Bu noktada yazınsal bir metnin veya sözlü bir ifadenin icrasında kullanılan niteleyiciler farklı gösterge değerleriyle yeni çağrışım ve anlam ilgisiyle kullanılabilir. Basit bir denklemle “gösterge=gösteren+gösterilen” şeklinde ifade edilebilecek bu kullanımlar sözcüklerin algılanması, anlamlandırılması ve metnin anlaşılmasında oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Türk kültürünün önemli eserlerinden biri olan Dede Korkut Hikâyelerinde F. de Saussure’ün “gösterge” kavramı çerçevesinde niteleme gruplarının gösterge değerlerinin analizi ele alınacaktır. Kültürel açıdan, dil ve anlatım özellikleri bakımından önemli olan bu eserdeki niteleyicilerin farklı disiplinler çerçevesinde ele alınmasının bir model oluşturması ve alana katkı sağlayabilmesi hedeflenmektedir.
Secondar neutrons induced from a medical proton accelerator in a water phantom
Authors: Sơn Nguyễn Khắc , Hải Võ Hồng , Phát Trần Ngọc Tiến , Thiện Trần Công
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the production of radiation-induced secondary neutrons resulting from the irradiation of a water phantom by a medical proton accelerator. Measurements were conducted using a 2-inch by 2-inch stilbene scintillation detector. To distinguish between neutrons and the gamma background, we applied a pulse shape discrimination technique utilizing the charge integration ratio (Qratio) method. Our analysis carries out for three proton beam energies: 76 MeV, 80 MeV, and 132 MeV. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of using a stilbene scintillator detector in conjunction with the Qratio method for the measurement and analysis of secondary neutrons, which are detectable in significant quantities.
Psychological analysis of child witness testimony
Authors: Ai Yueyue , Ismail Rozmi Bin
Published: April 2024

Purpose of the study: Because children's own perception, memory and expressive powers differ significantly from those of adults, resulting in a difference between child and adult witnesses, the debate on the competence of the child as a witness has shifted to a judgement on the reliability of the child's testimony in the context of the development of psycho-cognitive science. Methodology: The physiological and psychological characteristics of child witnesses determine their deficiencies in the encoding, storage and extraction of memory information, and therefore the reliability of child testimonies is a key and difficult issue. For this reason, this paper uses documentary analysis to further analyse child witness testimony as the focus of the study. Main Findings: A psychological analysis of the multiple factors that affect the reliability of children's testimony. Two conclusions are drawn: 1. Children are in principle competent to testify. The development of children's testimonial competence leads to the conclusion that even very young children can remember events that happened long ago, especially if they already have prior knowledge about them. 2. Practical guidance for improving the truthfulness of the content of child witness statements improves the reliability of child witness testimony. Children can be influenced in a variety of ways to recount detailed and complete accounts of events that did not occur, such that professionals are unable to distinguish between false and truthful accounts. Perhaps the next step is to improve "questioning techniques". Novelty of the study: Correct and reliable witness testimony is key to the investigation and trial process. The importance of child witness testimony has become increasingly apparent in recent years as the number of cases involving children has increased. This issue has previously only been the focus of jurists, and this study analyses it from a psychological perspective, laying the groundwork for subsequent research in law and psychology.
Influence of Online Shopping Sites on Buying Behavior of Youth
Authors: Fennala Agnes Iylin D.
Published: April 2024

The goal of the study is to determine how consumers feel about the apps like Flip-kart, Amazon, Mynthra, Snapdealetc .The internet evolved become a more essential and potent instrument for every person’s need and way of life. The study’s goal is to examine current customer product preferences, buying patterns, and purchase decisions made using various online shopping apps, such as Flip-kart, Amazon and Snapdeal etc. The majority of respondents are happy with the high rankings for ease of finding products, practicality, and deals or discounted costs. According to the research, online decision-support tools have the power to fundamentally alter how customers look for product information and decide what to buy.
A Study on Customer Buying Behaviour on Eco- Friendly Products in Trichy City
Authors: Precilla C.
Published: April 2024

The eco-friendly products have been recycled or gathered from natural resources. We can start with conserving water, driving less, walking more, buying recycled products, planting more trees, etc. Eco-friendly products have a lower impact on the environment. It will help to reduce the usage of plastics and also reduce the amount of waste that makes pollutants, and it will help to conserve natural resources by using green production. This way of production is better for both people and also the environment.
Fostering Resilience in Entrepreneurs: Strategies, Challenges, and Implications
Authors: Malathi M. , Karpagam T. P.
Published: April 2024

This paper delves into the concept of resilience within the entrepreneurial context, emphasizing its pivotal role in navigating the turbulent waters of business ventures. Entrepreneurs, as agents of innovation and change, encounter multifaceted challenges ranging from market uncertainties to financial constraints. Understanding resilience not only as a personal attribute but also as a dynamic process intertwined with organizational strategies becomes imperative for sustainable entrepreneurial endeavours. Drawing upon interdisciplinary research, this paper examines the dimensions of resilience, its determinants, and the strategies for cultivating resilience among entrepreneurs. Additionally, it elucidates the challenges hindering resilience development and proposes practical implications for fostering resilience in entrepreneurial ecosystems.
PEDAGOGICAL MODELING OF COMMUNICATION SITUATIONS OF A FUTURE PROSECUTOR'S EMPLOYEE USING RELATIONSHIP MARKERS
Authors:   Orenburg State University, PANOV A.A.
Published: April 2024

The aspect of pedagogical modeling of professional communication of a future prosecutor's employee using relationship markers is presented. Model simplifications of professional eventfulness in the practice of educational implementation create certain axiological and behavioral risks. The author suggests using for educational purposes markers of the "prosecutor-addressee" relationship, which algorithmize the semantic tonality of the professional activity of a prosecutor's employee in communication. The experiment shows that presenting students with various relationship markers of typical communication situations creates an indicative basis for the communicative actions of a future prosecutor's employee, helps to assess the diversity of communication events, identify characteristic addressees, determine the strategy and tactics of implementing communicative competencies.
RESOURCES FOR IMPROVING PRE-PROFESSIONAL MILITARY TRAINING OF STUDENTS OF CADET SCHOOL
Authors:   Orenburg Presidential Cadet School, ZAIKIN M.V.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the presentation of resources for improving the pre-professional military training of pupils of cadet schools. Allocated resources internal and external in relation to the system of cadet education. The internal resources for the formation of the primary skills of military collectivism and leadership are considered. The insufficiency of the use of team activity resources was noted. It is proposed to expand the study of external resources on the example of the interaction of the Orenburg Presidential Cadet School with the structural divisions of the Orenburg State University. The need for a program of interaction between the cadet school and the military training center of the university is indicated.