bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERCEPCIÓN DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS INTEGRADAS DEL CHACO SOBRE LA GESTIÓN EMPRESARIAL EN LAS EMPRESAS DE YACUIBA
Authors: Valdivieso Guardia Sergio David
Published: July 2021

La gestión empresarial es importante para una empresa, radica en planes estratégicos y tener buenos resultados a futuro para mejorar  la competitividad y productividad. El éxito de las empresas se debe a un buen sistema de gestión empresarial y el fracaso empresarial conlleva a disminuir la productividad y las ventas. Las estrategias deben ser bien elaboradas dentro una planificación empresarial, para proyectar y dirigir, donde una misión, visión, valores y principios, serán parte de un camino a futuro y minimizar el riesgo,  pero se debe fijar y programar metas y objetivos a nivel estratégico. Se debe tener la capacidad de organizar para asignar y coordinar diferentes tareas, definiendo quién, cómo y cuándo se van a ejecutar; implica establecer objetivos determinados para priorizar tareas. Una estructura organizacional adecuada beneficia para establecer la cantidad de talento humano necesario para llevar a cabo las funciones, delimitar responsabilidades y definir encargados de áreas o procesos. La representatividad tomando en cuenta las capacidades, el desarrollo, conocimiento, habilidades, destrezas, experiencias y liderazgo, para alcanzar los objetivos y metas que asistan a satisfacer necesidades y tener una productividad óptima. Por último, para realizar un control de gestión, se debe obtener la información necesaria y mejorar la toma de decisiones y la dirección de la empresa.PALABRAS CLAVESGestión, Gestión empresarial, Empresa, Planificación, Organización, Liderazgo, Personal,  Control
ABSTRACTBusiness management is important for a company, it lies in strategic plans and having good future results to improve competitiveness and productivity.
The success of companies is due to a good business management system and business failure leads to lower productivity and sales.
Strategies must be well developed within a business planning, to project and direct, where a mission, vision, values "‹"‹and principles will be part of a future path and minimize risk, but goals and objectives must be set and programmed at a strategic level. .
You must have the ability to organize to assign and coordinate different tasks, defining who, how and when they will be executed; It involves setting specific goals to prioritize tasks.
An adequate organizational structure benefits to establish the amount of human talent necessary to carry out the functions, delimit responsibilities and define managers of areas or processes.
The representativeness taking into account the capacities, development, knowledge, abilities, skills, experiences and leadership, to achieve the objectives and goals that assist in satisfying needs and having optimal productivity.
Finally, in order to carry out a management control, the necessary information must be obtained and the decision-making and management of the company must be improved.KEYWORDSManagement, Business management, Company, Planning, Organization, Leadership, Personnel, Control
Monitoring and conservation of the rare orchid Didimoplexis verrucosa in the face of change
Authors: Mostert T.H.C. , Mostert R.E.
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Didymoplexis verrucosa is a cryptic leafless saprophytic ground orchid (~70 mm tall) growing on the coastal forest floors of southern Zululand and classified as Vulnerable (D2). As part of a population monitoring programme, 960 man-hours of species specific searching over five consecutive flowering seasons were conducted, yielding only one individual plant.
Objective: The aim of this study was to increase detection rate by developing a profile of environmental indicators for the accurate identification of suitable habitat.
Methods: A detailed description of suitable habitat was compiled based on the Braun-Blanquet approach.
Results: The results showed that key attributes shared by localities include similar topographic position in the landscape, hydrology, soils, vegetation composition and structure, forest age, leaf-litter composition of the forest floor, the co-occurrence of Isoglossa woodii, and a similar degree of protection from sunlight, wind and desiccation.
Significance of the findings:
This profile of essential habitat characteristics can be used as a surrogate in the absence of actual locality data when identifying target conservation areas and compiling management strategies for this very cryptic species. A by-product of this habitat analysis was the discovery of a long list of impacts on the long term survival of D. verrucosa. The combination of these stochastic and deterministic events will drive habitat change at rates beyond the species’ ability to adapt. Managing these variables forms the crux of its successful conservation. A conservation status revision, based on the formal IUCN criteria, indicate that D. verrucosa should be reclassified as Critically Endangered Category B2a and D.
Enhancing GDPR compliance through data sensitivity and data hiding tools
Authors: Larrucea Xabier , Moffie Micha , Mor Dan
Published: July 2021

Since the emergence of GDPR, several industries and sectors are setting informatics solutions for fulfilling these rules. The Health sector is considered a critical sector within the Industry 4.0 because it manages sensitive data, and National Health Services are responsible for managing patients’ data. European NHS are converging to a connected system allowing the exchange of sensitive information cross different countries. This paper defines and implements a set of tools for extending the reference architectural model industry 4.0 for the healthcare sector, which are used for enhancing GDPR compliance. These tools are dealing with data sensitivity and data hiding tools A case study illustrates the use of these tools and how they are integrated with the reference architectural model.
A Formal Model for Configurable Business Process with Optimal Cloud Resource Allocation
Authors: Ait Wakrime Abderrahim , Boubaker Souha , Kallel Slim , Guermazi Emna , Gaaloul Walid
Published: July 2021

In today’s competitive business environments, organizations increasingly need to model and deploy flexible and cost effective business processes. In this context, configurable process models are used to offer flexibility by representing process variants in a generic manner. Hence, the behavior of similar variants is grouped in a single model holding configurable elements. Such elements are then customized and configured depending on specific needs. However, the decision to configure an element may be incorrect leading to critical behavioral errors. Recently, process configuration has been extended to include Cloud resources allocation, to meet the need of business scalability by allowing access to on-demand IT resources. In this work, we propose a formal model based on propositional satisfiability formula allowing to find correct elements configuration including resources allocation ones. In addition, we propose to select optimal con- figurations based on Cloud resources cost. This approach allows to provide the designers with correct and cost-effective configuration decisions.
Self-Regulation Students’ Online Learning Behavior in General Education Courses of University of Phayao
Authors: Nonthamand Narin , Suaklay Narissara
Published: July 2021

This research were aimed 1) to survey the self-regulation behavior among of University of Phayao students 2) to survey the online learning behavior among of University of Phayao students and 3) to study factors on self-regulation that has an influence on an online learning. Sample Group con-sisted of 450 students who enroll general education course of an online courses. The research tool was questionnaire forms about self-regulation in an online course and online learning behavior. The statistics were used to an-alyse the data as follows: mean (M), standard deviation (S.D.), and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis.

The result found that 1) the students’ behavior on self-regulation was mainly on decision making (M = 3.89) 2) the students’ online learning be-havior was mainly on learner aspect (M = 3.88) and 3) the factors that sup-port students’ online learning behavior consisting of self-observation factor, decision making factor and self-regulation factor. The percentage was 39.90, and shown the raw score and standard score was found from this formula

online learning behavior = 0.822 + 0.423 (self-reaction) + 0.183 (self-observation) + 0.141 (decision making)

Z online learning behavior = 0.377 Z self-reaction + 0.169 Z self-observation + 0.137 Z decision making
Integration of 4G LTE and DSRC (IEEE 802.11p) for Enhancing Vehicular Network Performance in IoV Using Optimal Cluster-Based Data Forwarding (OCDF) Protocol
Authors: Hussain Shaik Mazhar , Mohamad Yusof Kamaludin , Ashfaq Hussain Shaik , Asuncion Rolito , Ghouse Syed
Published: July 2021

IoV is a known platform for exchanging data between vehicles and distinct networks through diverse communication media. Embedded technologies like IoT and Intelligent Transportation, are aimed to build smart networks for IoV to support diverse automated applications such as smart vehicle control, intelligent traffic control, and dynamic data services. However, in the smart domain, implementation of IoV has unresolved challenges. Synchronization of vehicles and humans is a crucial issue in making decisions. Therefore, proper understanding of the pertinent issues about IoV implementation that can improve the VNs performance are essential. DSRC and cellular networks are considered as potential alternatives for endorsing V2X communications. DSRC is employed for intelligent and automotive transportation applications through short-range data exchange between DSRC-components. Although spectrum assigned to DSRC alone will not be appropriate to satisfy huge information traffic needs for internet access in vehicles. Cellular networks offer potential solutions, attributing extensive range of cell coverage, broadly deployed infrastructure and greater capacity. Nevertheless, centralized characteristics of these networks limit the ability to handle low-latency communications that can challenge the efficacy of several safety applications. This paper reviews potential DSRC and wireless integrated solutions for efficient vehicular communications. In methodology, first we reviewed existing technologies that integrate DSRC with other wireless technologies and secondly, the study is carried out to highlight the limitations for each supporting vehicular communications. Thereby, the paper embeds a brief comparative analysis. Finally, an algorithm is proposed to integrate DSRC and 4G-LTE with a novel Optimal Clustering based Data Forwarding Protocol for efficient data transmission to attain better performance in IoV. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with the existing approaches using the NS-3 simulation tool. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms over the existing approaches in terms of End to End Delay and throughput. 
How Effectively Can Students’ Personal Smartphones be Used as Tools in Physics Labs?
Authors: Tsoukos Serafeim , Lazos Panagiotis , Tzamalis Pavlos , Kateris Alexandros , Velentzas Athanasios
Published: July 2021

This study seeks to answer the question of how effectively students can use their smartphones as tools for measuring and processing data when they perform physics experiments. The research was conducted in a local secondary school in Athens, Greece. The sample consisted of fifty-two 16-year-old students (10th grade). The students formed 26 pairs, and were asked to perform an experiment using their smartphones for measuring, processing and saving data, and then to email the data file to the researchers. During the implementation, students of each pair completed the steps on a worksheet. Two researchers monitored each pair individually and recorded scores and comments on evaluation sheets. The worksheets, the evaluation sheets, and the experimental data emailed by each pair constituted the data of the present study. The findings of the study show that the integration of students' smart mobile devices in the performance of physics experiments in the classroom or in the school lab is possible without posing particular problems. However, this integration presupposes the proper planning by the teacher and the dedication of appropriate time both for the preparation of the students for the activity, and for the installation of the necessary applications in the devices.
Deactivation of Red Mud by Primary Aluminum Production Wastes
Authors: Piirainen V.Yu. , Barinkova A.A. , Starovoytov V.N. , Barinkov V.M.
Published: July 2021

Current global environmental challenges and, above all, global warming associated with a change in the carbon balance in the atmosphere has led to the need for urgent and rapid search for ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, which primarily include carbon dioxide as a by-product of human activity and technological progress. One of these ways is the creation of industries with a complete cycle of turnover of carbon dioxide. Aluminum is the most sought-after nonferrous metal in the world, but its production is not environmentally safe, so it constantly requires the development of knowledge-intensive technologies to improve the technological process of cleaning and disposal of production waste, primarily harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Another environmental problem related to aluminum production is the formation and accumulation in mud lagoon of huge amounts of so-called highly alkaline "red mud," which is a waste product of natural bauxite raw material processing into alumina - the feedstock for aluminum production. Commonly known resources and technological methods of neutralizing red mud and working with it as ore materials for further extraction of useful components are still not used because of their low productivity and cost-effectiveness. This article describes the negative impact of waste in the form of "red" mud and carbon dioxide of primary aluminum production on the environment. The results showed that thanks to carbonization of red mud using carbon dioxide, it is possible to achieve rapid curing and its compact formation for safer transportation and storage until further use. Strength tests of concrete samples filled with deactivated red mud were also carried out, which showed the prospects of using concrete with magnesia binder.
Increase of Stainless Steel Wear Resistance by Diffusion Chromium Plating Using Iodine Transport
Authors: Bogdanov Sergey P. , Khristiuk Nikolay A. , Anisimov A.V. , Sychov Maxim М.
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of a study of diffusion chromium plating of stainless steel X20Cr13 by iodine transport. The main kinetic laws of the process - the effect of temperature and time of chromium plating on the thickness of the coatings - have been studied. It is shown that the main phases of the coating are chromium carbides and nitrides with surface microhardness HV up to 15 GPa. The tribotechnical properties of the obtained coatings on rollers - friction pairs are determined.
The Places of Products Localization and the Influence of this Factor on the Technological Characteristics
Authors: Pozhidaeva Svetlana D. , Klikin Evgeniy G.
Published: July 2021

The search for optimal conditions for the method of synthesis of copper (II) salts to create a unified one-step method for obtaining salts from natural raw materials was the purpose of this work. During the process of salt production, it is desirable that the product accumulates in the solid phase and is easily separated by phase separation methods. The study of the direct interaction of copper (II) oxide with acids in organic liquid media using a bead mill as a reactor and grinding agent of different nature showed that besides the usual places of localization of product that take place in practice, we can meet unusual places of localization of product, such as the surface of a foreign solid phase in the reactor zone, for example, the surface of the grinding agent, reactor elements, etc. It was found that in some cases, localization on a solid surface could be a favorable localization option in terms of the speed of the process. But it happens not always, because it requires specific methods of separation of film from surface, which can be very expensive. Often, the localization of the product on the solid surfaces is an extremely unfavorable localization option. It was found that different variants of product localization of interaction CuO with acids which were implemented in different proportions, prevented the creation of a unified method for producing salts in such systems
Solvothermal Synthesis of YF3:Ce3+ Nanophosphors for Medical Applications
Authors: Dorokhina Anastasiia M. , Bakhmetyev Vadim V. , Sychov Maxim М. , Kominami Hiroko , Fujii Arira
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the time effect of hydrothermal synthesis on YF3 morphology particles is considered. The work was carried out on X-ray-excited YF3:Ce3+ phosphors. The synthesis was carried out by the hydrothermal method, since it avoids high temperatures leading to particle agglomeration. The first stage of research consisted in identifying the most favorable medium for obtaining the required phase and size - water or organic matter (ethylene glycol and ethanol). Research has shown that ethylene glycol has all the advantages: it prevents agglomeration, allows us to get the required phase. Hydrothermal synthesis of YF3 samples to determine the optimal synthesis time was carried out according to the same scheme - in an organic medium of ethylene glycol without using stabilizers for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 hours. Our study showed that it is possible to obtain a YF3 sample that meets the necessary requirements (including nanoscale) within 16 hours, moreover, without the use of stabilizers. In parallel with the study of the synthesis duration, an experiment was carried out on the effect of various stabilizers on the properties of the YF3:Ce3+ phosphors (5%). The synthesized nanophosphors possessed effective X-ray luminescence with a maximum in the region of 300 nm, which makes it possible to use them in the composition of preparations for PDT.
Development of Scientific Fundamentals for the Conversion of a Virtual Binary Lead Selenide Ferroelectric into a Real Ferroelectric of Lead Selenite for Physico-Chemical Sensors
Authors: Tomaev Vladimir V. , Syrkov Andrey G. , Sychov Maxim М. , Taraban Vladimir V.
Published: July 2021

The scientific basis for the production of a new composite material (1-x)PbSexPbSeO3, where x=0-1, by oxidation with oxygen at temperatures of 500-550 °C and oxidation times of 0.5-4 h from the initial phase of PbSe in the form of powder, film or compact material, having a ferroelectric phase transition in disordered crystals is developed. On the X-ray spectra of the original PbSe samples oxidized at 500°C (oxidation time of 0.5 h) it has been found that the PbSe phase reflexes are predominately present, including the X-ray spectra of the original PbSe samples oxidized at 500 °C (oxidation time of 4 h) - PbSeO3 monoclinic phase reflexes. For all other PbSe oxygen-oxidized samples at temperatures of 500-550 °C and within the time range of 0.5-4 h, X-ray spectra show the simultaneous presence of X-ray reflexes of both phases with the trend of increasing the PbSeO3 phase as the oxidation time increases. Temperature measurements of the DC resistance of the PbSe samples revealed an abnormal change in electrical resistance at the initial oxidation stage for both the film and the compact material, and further oxidation contributed to the capsulation of PbSe grains by the dielectric casing PbSeO3 and the gradual increase in the resistance of the material.
The First Record of the Archeoastronomical Bind Rune Associated with Petroglyphs in Danigala Circular Rock, Sri Lanka
Authors: Sumanarathna Aravinda Ravibhanu , Aouititen Majda , Taylor Bernie , Sameera Geeth , Katupotha Jinadasa , Bandara Aruna
Published: July 2021

Danigala Rock is a unique geological site situated near Kandegama at Polonnaruwa district. The aerial view of the rock shows a semi-circular shape, which was affected by geological weathering. The northwest slope part of Danigala inselberg has interesting petroglyphs discovered in Chithra Lena (7°41'0.44"N | 81°12'45.66"E). These symbols are relatively new and, for the first time, discovered in Sri Lanka during an archaeoastronomical survey conducted by Eco Astronomy Sri Lanka in a corporation with Central Cultural Fund (Polonnaruwa-Alahana Parivena Project). These petroglyphs, now perceived and assessed as art, are mute science prints of ancient cultural vestiges of a bygone society. The predominant forms found are partially similar with few forms found in some sites in Sri Lanka, but with distinct differences in the engraving process. Notably, samples of the bind rune coding of Danigala petroglyphs are quite similar to bind rune’s symbols of Shamanic cultures. Besides, the engraving technique is remarkably similar to the technique used in the petroglyphs of Edakkal Caves in India. This paper is an attempt to document and analyze this bind rune coding in purpose to uncover the archaeo-astronomical meaning and the historical beliefs.
Terracotta figurines found on the Diyabate Rock belonging to the Thabbowa- Maradanmaduwa culture
Authors: Athapaththu Janaka , Devinda Sanidu , Nadeeshani Rangika , Jayarathne Nirmani , Hansini Imashi
Published: July 2021

Terracotta figurines were discovered throughout Sri Lanka especially in the Northern, North Central and Eastern dry zones, have been traditionally assigned to the Thabbbowa- Maradanmaduwe culture the discovered sites indicate that they are closely connected with river basins, canals, tanks and agricultural landscapes. Terracotta figurines found from Diyabete rock in the Wanni Hathpaththu was the subject of this research and it is a place where archaeological evidence dating back to many ages. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Terracotta figurines found during the survey of Diyabete rock. Diyabate rock is located in the village of Kattabuwawa in the Maho divisional secretariat in the Kurunegala district of the Northwestern province. It belongs to the dry zone of Sri Lanka. The research problem of this study is, to find out If the Terracotta figurines found during the survey is similar to the Thabbowa Maradanmaduwa culture. The hypothetical- deductive method was used during the research and based on the hypothesis that these terracotta figurines are belonging to the Thabbowa Maradanmaduwa culture. The data record was created by the non-structural field survey, library survey, taking photographs, drawing, studying 1:50000 metric maps and by taking measurements. Terracotta figurines are found throughout South Asia including Sri Lanka and range in date from the Neolithic Period, through the Early Historic Period and into the present. Accordingly, the geographical features similar to other places in the island where elements of the Thabbowa Maradanmaduwa culture are found can be seen in this place as well. During the study, this makes it possible to believed that the features of this terracotta belong to Thabbowa-Maradammaduwa culture. However, the data obtained from the surface survey carried out here is not sufficient to come to an accurate conclusion and it is necessary to study this site extensively.
Recently discovered Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic Sites of Jodhpur district, Rajasthan, Western India: A Report based on preliminary observations
Authors: Dibyopama Astha
Published: July 2021

Intensive and extensive exploration of archaeological explorations were carried out in the Jodhpur district of Rajasthan Western India, by Dibyopama (2010). As the result of these surveys, two Upper Paleolithic and four Mesolithic sites were discovered. This is a significant contribution to the overall Archaeology of the Jodhpur district. This paper presents a preliminary report on the Microliths found in the Jodhpur district of the Rajasthan. Sites are located near the dry channel in the dunes of the Thar Desert. Microlithic tools along with lithic debitage were recovered from few localities in late Pleistocene contexts and some along with historical pottery.
Glass Bead Making Technology in Ancient Sri Lanka
Authors: Buddikasiri P. R. A. , Madhumali A. K. R.
Published: July 2021

Bead making and trading of beads are some of the oldest industries in the world. Beads are small, colourful, symmetrical, and often quite beautiful. They are frequently standardized, inexpensive units that can be arranged in almost endless configurations. They can be seen not only in familiar forms of necklaces and bracelets but also on anklets, headbands, and headdresses. Beads are small, but important finds from Archaeological investigations. Especially, the discovery of beads creates enormous interest among the excavator, researchers and laymen. It provides excellent information to the understanding of various aspects of the human past. While a couple of studies surmise of bead production no study has been confined to study the bead making industry in Ancient Sri Lanka. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine if there was a glass bead making technology in Ancient Sri Lanka. It is hoped to study the glass bead making technology of the past based on the archaeological data uncovered through archaeological research conducted in Sri Lanka. This study focuses on the traditional analysis method. Mantai, Kantarodai, Tissamaharama,Kirinda, Abhayagiriya, Ridiyagama Giribawa and Ridiyagama is one of the leading areas in the study of glass beads design technology in Sri Lanka.
Sorption studies of Cd and Cu on Brazilian alluvial soils
Authors: Barros Vitor Hugo de Oliveira , Coutinho Artur Paiva , Alves Adriana Thays Araújo , Santos Neto Severino Martins dos , Assis Fernando Xavier de , Lima Valmir Félix de , Lima José Romualdo de Sousa , Antonino Antonio Celso Dantas
Published: July 2021

The Local Production Arrangement, located in the Pernambuco’s Agreste state, has been significantly developing the region's economy. Despite its importance, industrial activity has caused relevant environmental concerns regarding the disposal of textile effluents, especially from industrial laundries. This waste is made up of many chemicals, and among them are various types of heavy metals. The evaluation of the sorption behavior of contaminant transport mechanisms such as heavy metals is essential to assess the risk of contamination of alluvial aquifers. This study evaluated the sorption of heavy metals (Cu and Cd) in an alluvial sediment deposit in the Capibaribe River. Kinetics and isotherm experiments allowed the analyses of Cu and Cd sorption. Kinetics sorption showed an equilibrium tendency after 16 h for Cu and 18 h for Cd and was better described by a pseudo-second order model. The isotherm data were adjusted to the Linear, Freundlich and Langmuir models. Both linear and Freundlich models satisfactorily described sorption isotherms for the two pollutants. The metals in the study represent a risk of contamination of the groundwater of alluvial aquifers, mainly due to physicochemical attributes of the soil, such as high sand content (85%), low MO (2.1 g kg-1) and alkaline pH (8.2). The environmental conditions decrease absorption and facilitate metal mobility, greatly increasing the environmental risks inherent in pollutant leaching. Cu showed a higher affinity with the soil studied in all assays performed compared with the results of the tests for Cd.
Связность на группе диффеоморфизмов как расслоении над пространством функций
Authors: Гусейн-Заде Сабир Меджидович , Gusein-Zade Sabir Medzhidovich
Published: July 2021

Якобиан задает расслоение пространства сохраняющих ориентацию диффеоморфизмов (связного) многообразия над пространством положительных функций на нем (с равным объему интегралу для компактного многообразия). Доказывается, что для $n$-мерной сферы со стандартной метрикой в этом расслоении существует единственная связность, инвариантная относительно всех изометрий сферы, и дается ее описание.
Paediatric surgical conditions in Malawi - A cross-sectional nationwide household survey
Authors: Varela Carlos , Viste Asgaut , Young Sven , Groen Reinou S. , Banza Leonard , Nandi Bip , Mkandawire Nyengo , Moen Bente Elisabeth
Published: July 2021

BackgroundUntreated surgical conditions may lead to lifelong disability in children. Treating children with surgical conditions may reduce long-term effects of morbidity and disability. Unfortunately, low- and middle-income countries have limited resources for paediatric surgical care. Malawi, for example, has very few paediatric surgeons. There are also significantly inadequate infrastructures and personnel to treat these children. In order to strengthen resources that could provide such services, we need to begin by quantifying the need.AimTo estimate the approximate prevalence of surgical conditions among children in Malawi, to describe the anatomical locations and diagnoses of the conditions and the presence of injuries.MethodsA cross-sectional, nationwide survey of surgical needs was performed in 28 of 29 districts of Malawi. Villages, households and household members were randomly selected. A total of 1487 households were visited and 2960 persons were interviewed. This paper is a sub analysis of the children in the dataset. Information was obtained from 255 living children and inquiry from household respondents for the 255 children who had died in the past year. The interviews were conducted by medical students over a 60-day period, and the validated SOSAS tool was used for data collection. ResultsThere were 67 out of 255 (26.3%) total children living with a surgical condition at the time of the study, with most of the conditions located in the extremities. Half of the children lived with problems due to injuries. Traffic accidents were the most common cause. Two-thirds of the children living with a surgical condition had some kind of disability, and one-third of them were grossly disabled. There were 255 total deceased children, with 34 who died from a surgical condition. The most prevalent causes of death were congenital anomalies of the abdomen, groin and genital region. ConclusionAn extrapolation of the 26% of children found to be living with a surgical condition indicates that there could be 2 million children living with a condition that needs surgical consultation or treatment in Malawi. Congenital anomalies cause significant numbers of deaths among Malawian children. Children living with surgical conditions had disorders in their extremities, causing severe disability. Many of these disorders could have been corrected by surgical care.
Evolution of gynaecologists’ practices regarding the implementation of Swiss legislation on maternity protection at work between 2008 and 2017
Authors: Abderhalden-Zellweger Alessia , Mediouni Zakia , Probst Isabelle , Mercier Maria-Pia Politis , Danuser Brigitta , Wild Pascal , Chiarini Bastien , Hale Marie-Louise , Krief Peggy
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND
In accordance with the International Labour Organization’s Maternity Protection Convention (No. 183) and European Union Directive 92/857CEE (1992), Switzerland’s Labour Law and its Maternity Protection Ordinance (OProMa) aim to protect the health of pregnant employees and their future children while enabling them to pursue their working activities. Gynaecologists-obstetricians have a key role in this legislation, particularly through the prescription of preventive leave for patients who would otherwise face dangerous or arduous tasks in the absence of an adequate risk analysis or suitable protective measures. However, international and national literature suggests that gynaecologists-obstetricians may encounter difficulties in fulfilling their role.

AIMS
This study aimed to: (1) describe the practices and difficulties encountered by gynaecologists-obstetricians in the practical implementation of the OProMa; and (2) compare the evolution of these practices and difficulties between 2008 and 2017.

METHODS
A survey by questionnaire was conducted in 2008 and repeated in 2017. Both surveys focused on gynaecologists-obstetricians working in the French-speaking part of Switzerland (in private practices, hospitals or both). Descriptive and comparative analyses were carried out.

RESULTS
83 gynaecologists-obstetricians responded in 2008 and 93 in 2017: response rates of 47% and 32%, respectively. In 2017, gynaecologists-obstetricians were more likely to ask questions about occupational risks faced by their patients when consulted by working mothers about their pregnancies. The estimated percentage of patients exposed to an occupational risk remained constant (20% in 2008 and 22% in 2017). Communication and collaboration with employers were reported to be difficult in both surveys, even though these are key elements in the implementation of the OProMa. Collaboration with occupational physicians, however, was more frequent in 2017.

CONCLUSION
In 2017, gynaecologists-obstetricians showed a greater awareness of occupational risks and collaborated more frequently with occupational health specialists. However, the application of the OProMa remained limited over the studied time period. Improving training of gynaecologists-obstetricians in this field could be a significant factor in encouraging better implementation of the current legislation. Moreover, gynaecologists-obstetricians need to be given the necessary support to enable their clinical practice to evolve towards a more preventive type of medicine. Collaboration with relevant stakeholders, including occupational physicians, midwives and workers, should be encouraged.
The Impact of Health Literacy on the ERCP Process
Authors: ARSLAN Ufuk , ÇAYCI Hacı
Published: July 2021

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an invasive method commonly used for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatopancreaticobiliary diseases. The aim of this study is to assess whether there is a relationship between Health Literacy (HL) levels and the ERCP process.

Material and Methods: The study prospectively evaluated the HL data of 72 patients who had ERCP in our hospital between July-November 2020. The Turkish version of the 47-item European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47) was used to assess health literacy. The patients’ demographic characteristics, duration of referral to hospital, duration of the ERCP procedure, white blood cells (WBC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), and total-direct bilirubin levels and HLS-EU-Q47 results were recorded and evaluated.

Results: In our study, 77.7% of the patients had insufficient HL levels. The median body mass index (BMI) was statistically higher in patients with an insufficient HL level (p= .046). GGT, total and direct bilirubin levels were higher in patients with a low HL level (p= .009, p= .031, p= .008, respectively). The assessment of the duration of referral for ERCP revealed that the median duration of referral was statistically significantly longer in patients with an insufficient HL level (p< .001). The median duration of cannulation during ERCP was statistically higher in patients with an insufficient HL level (p= .002).

Conclusions: The level of Health Literacy affects the early diagnosis and the success of the procedure in hepatopancreaticobiliary diseases that require ERCP.
The effect of loss-of-function allele (CYP2C19*3) with Clopidogrel efficacy in coronary heart disease patients
Authors: Rochmawati Ike Dhiah , Hidayat Nur , Pomantow David
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Clopidogrel is the most widely prescribed antiplatelet for patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) who cannot take aspirin. Despite its effectiveness, Clopidogrel has several side effects caused by its metabolite. Clopidogrel resistance has been identified in some patients, and patient factors such as genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C19 may play a role in this resistance. The researchers wanted to look at CYP2C19*3 polymorphisms and platelet aggregation in CHD patients who were taking clopidogrel.    

Methods: This research used a cross-sectional design. The research enrolled CHD patients at a local hospital's cardiology unit with certain inclusion and exclusion requirements. In the clinical laboratory, CYP2C19*3 polymorphisms was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and platelet aggregation will be measured using light transmission aggregometry (LTA).     

Results: This research enlisted the participation of 53 patients. The majority of the patients (68%) were men, with the highest age group being 60-69 years old. The most common comorbid disorder was hypertension. The result of CYP2C19*3 polymorphisms as follows: GA (75%), AA (21%), and GG (4%). Hypo-aggregation (89%) and normal-aggregation (89%) are seen in the majority of patients (11%). The authors were unable to locate the patient who had hyper-aggregation.      

Conclusion: According to descriptive research, CYP2C19*3 polymorphisms caused hypo-aggregation in more patients than normal aggregation in this study.
Antiseptic gel formulated from ethanol extract of Citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) using CMC-Na, arabic gums, and gelatin as gelling agents
Authors: Sagala Reynelda Juliani , Yolanda Lorensia , Michael
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The ethanol extract from citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) has been found to contain saponins, phenolics (flavonoids), and polyphenols which have antibacterial activity. As a result, researchers developed an antiseptic gel that contains this ethanol extract.
Aims: This study aims to find the optimum concentration of gelling agent required to make the gel and to use physical evaluations in order to understand whether combining gelling agents may increase the quality of the gel.
Methods: The gel was made using a melting method, which mixed the base of gel with citronella ethanol extract at a temperature of 40oC to form a homogeneous phase. The gel evaluation was conducted using an organoleptic test, homogeneity test, dispersion test, pH test, and adhesion test.
Results: The tests were carried out on 15 formulations respectively (R1, R2, and R3), and resulted in the production of clear, translucent yellow gel with a distinctive citronella grass odor. The homogeneity test showed that all formulations were homogeneous and contained no agglomerated particles. The gel dosage forms made with CMC-Na, gum arabic, and gelatin as gelling agents resulted in having a pH of 7 whilst gels made with a combination of gelling agents resulted in having a pH of 8. The combination of gum arabic and CMC-Na gelling agents showed an increase in spreadability of gel formulas at the same concentration of composition, of which the combinations were 1.25% gum arabic and 1.25% CMC-Na. The gel adhesion time was 0.2-2 minutes for all formula.
Conclusion: Based on this test data, it can be concluded that the 15 gel formulations that resulted from this research are good and further testing can be performed to determine the most optimum and stable formula.
In vitro antimalarial activity assay of Ashitaba Leaf ethanolic extract (Angelica keiskei)
Authors: Wardani Alvi Kusuma , Wahid Abdul Rahman , Jannah Miftahul
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The incidence of malaria is still very high in number in the world. Difficulty in treating malaria is caused by the resistance of malaria parasites to conventional drugs. An alternative treatment that can be used to treat malaria is to discover new drugs from natural ingredients.    

Aim: This study aimed to determine the activity of the Ashitaba leaf ethanolic extract as an antimalarial drug to Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7.     

Methods: This study tested the activity of Ashitaba extract on the growth of P.falciparum in five concentrations, namely concentration of 0.01 ppm, 0.1 ppm, 1 ppm, 10 ppm, and 100 ppm.     

Results: The test results showed that the highest inhibitory effect was found on the concentration of 100 ppm with percent inhibition of 79.47 ± 26.91%. The 50% inhibition to parasites showed the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 2.09 ppm, compared to the positive control of which the IC50 of chloroquine was 0.007 ppm.    

Conclusion: Ashitaba leaf extract can be considered to have very active anti-malarial activity, because it has an IC50 value of less than 5 ppm.
Experience of introducing distance technologies in teaching students of a medical university on the example of disciplines "obstetrics and gynecology"
Authors: Romanova M. L. , Vakhitov M. Sh. , Nesterov I. M. , Shirinyan L. V. , Bezhenar V. F.
Published: July 2021

The article presents data from an original study to assess the quality and effectiveness of teaching "obstetrics and gynecology" using distance technologies during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. The necessity of using simulation platforms for full and high-quality training in one of the main applied medical disciplines of the surgical profile is substantiated.
Modern Аpproaches to Knowledge Management and Development of Medical Personnel
Authors: Chernyshev A. V. , Chernysheva M. L.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of personnel management through knowledge management and the role of simulation training in the development of skills and career of personnel.
Mining Users Rely on E-Commerce
Authors: Kumar C Santha , Mallesi V
Published: July 2021

In recent years, photo-based social media has become one of the most common social media platforms. Understanding user preferences in user-generated images and making suggestions has become a major necessity due to the large number of images uploaded daily. Several types of hybrids have been suggested to improve the performance of the recommendations by combining different types of third-party information (e.g., image representation, interaction) with user object history. Previous research, however, has failed to incorporate complex factors that affect user preferences into the corresponding framework due to various image features created by users on social media. In addition, many of these hybrid models have used pre-defined weights to combine different types of data, resulting in less favorable performance. To this end, we present a consistent model for capturing public imagery in this paper. We define three key elements (i.e., upload history, social exposure, and proprietary information) that affect each user's preferences, where each item summarizes the content aspect from complex interactions between users and images, in addition to the basic matrix interest model matrix factorization proposal. After that, we create a consecutive natural attention network that demonstrates a consistent relationship between hidden user interests and known key elements (elements at each level and feature level). A sequential attention network will learn to pay attention to more or less content using embedding from higher learning models designed for each type of data. Finally, the availability of extensive tests on real-world information indicates that our proposed model is superior.
Automated Medicine Alert System
Authors: G E Raghavendra Patil , Jyoti G R , Naik Kratika Krishnanand , G Lavanya , J M Manavi
Published: July 2021

The internet of things is a technology that connects physical objects through the internet. It has an incredible application in the field of medication that offers an assortment of answers for patients and medical services experts. This makes clinical hardware more productive, by giving checking to the patient's wellbeing. That is the reason we offer a framework known as the Automated Medicine Alert System, the proposed framework will be intended to remind patients to take as much time as is needed and to give data about the patient's wellbeing status to both the patient and the patient's overseer. Here, the patient necessities to give a medicine, the subtleties of which have been given to him by a specialist to a page, after which the framework will store the heaviness of every tablet just as the all out weight of medication. At the hour of medication admission as indicated by the GSM module, the tablet will be determined by a 16-digit LCD screen, alongside a buzzer sound. The weight change is processed with the assistance of a gadget called a load cell subsequent to taking the medication and afterward contrasted with the past complete weight. The framework will send an affirmation email, i.e, an instant message to the patient and his overseer assuming any, subsequently, broke down dependent on changes in the heaviness of tablets.
A review of child sexual abuse cases presenting to a paediatric emergency department
Authors: Lee Magdalene HM , Ganapathy Sashikumar , Low Soo Mei , Chua Christine LQ , Chong Shu-Ling , Ma Eric , Wong Peter CY
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Child sexual abuse (CSA) adversely affects a child’s growth and well-being. This study aimed to describe the profile of children presenting to a tertiary paediatric emergency department (ED) with CSA. Methods: Children 0–16 years old presenting to KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital ED from June 2016 to August 2020 with sexual abuse were retrospectively reviewed. We performed a secondary analysis on girls and stratified them by age <13 and ≥13 years o ld. Results: There were 790 patients who made 833 visits for CSA. Victims were predominantly girls (747, 94.8%) and perpetrators were predominantly men (763, 96.6%). The abuse first occurred before the age of 13 years in 315 victims (39.9%). For 468 (59.2%), more than one incident occurred before presentation. Compared to girls ≥13 years old, girls <13 years old were more frequently abused by a family member (47.7% versus 8.0%, P<0.001) and abused in their own home (55.7% vs 21.0%, P<0.001). Among all children, parental divorce and the absence of one or both biological parents in the household were prevalent, with 287/783 (36.7%) having divorced parents, and only 374/784 (47.8%) residing with both biological parents. Conclusion: The findings highlight common characteristics of CSA cases, and can aid the future identification and protection of vulnerable children. The fact that most children presented after more than one incident suggests the need to more closely monitor and protect potentially at-risk children. Keywords: Child abuse, child sexual abuse, child welfare, sexual abuse
Recontextualising the teaching of commercial transactions law for an African university
Authors: Hutchison A
Published: July 2021

This article reflects on the changing political environment in South African higher education and offers one potential view of the future of contract law teaching in the twenty-first century. Specifically, the author discusses changes made to the final-level LLB course, Commercial Transactions Law, at the University of Cape Town. These changes were inspired by the #MustFall protest movements and also incorporated the requirements of the South African Council on Higher Education’s 2018 report on the LLB degree. In essence, this involved a recontextualisation of the component topics to speak to a broader range of student life experiences, as well as an attempt to incorporate more materials focused on social justice or which are characteristically ‘African’.