bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nível de atividade física e ocorrência de doenças crônicas em pacientes atendidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde de Presidente Prudente – SP
Authors: Trindade Ana Carolina Alves da Costa , Araujo Monique Yndawe Castanho , Rocha Ana Paula Rodrigues , Gobbo Luis Alberto , Codogno Jamile Sanches
Published: October 2016

Introdução: O envelhecimento está associado a maior prevalência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, fato que pode ser minimizado em decorrência de estilo de vida saudável e ativo. Objetivo: Analisar a ocorrência de doenças crônicas em pacientes atendidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, de acordo com o nível de atividade física. Metodologia: 542 pacientes, 29,7% (n=161) do sexo masculino e 70,3% (n=381) feminino, foram avaliados em duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde. O nível de atividade física, presença de doenças e condição econômica foram verificados através de questionários. Obesidade foi verificada utilizando o índice da Massa Corporal (em Kg/m²). Resultados: As doenças Arritmia cardíaca (p=0,033), artrite/artrose (p=0,010) e hérnia de disco (p=0,006) foram associadas com o nível de atividade física. Conclusão: O nível de atividade física está associado ao acometimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em pacientes com idade acima de 50 anos atendidos pelo Sistema único de Saúde de Presidente Prudente/SP.
Efeitos do exercício resistido agudo de alta intensidade sobre a glicemia e sensibilidade à insulina em ratos com resistência à insulina
Authors: Araujo João Eliakim Dos Santos , Dos Santos Rodrigo Miguel Miguel , Santos Sandra Lauton , Silva Roberto Jerônimo Dos Santos , Marçal Anderson Carlos
Published: October 2016

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito o exercício resistido agudo sobre o metabolismo glicêmico em animais com resistência à insulina induzidos com dexametasona. Foram utilizados 30 ratos Wistar divididos em três grupos: Controle (CON), Dexametasona Sedentário (DS) e Dexametasona + Exercício (DE). O exercício resistido foi realizado no aparelho de agachamento composto por cinco séries, 10 repetições, com intensidade de 70% de 1RM. Concomitantemente, os grupos DS e DE recebiam diariamente dexametasona intraperitoneal (4,0mg/kg). Foram aferidos o peso corporal, a glicemia e o teste de sensibilidade à insulina de todos os grupos. Única sessão de exercício resistido reduziu a glicemia e melhorou a sensibilidade à insulina, o grupo DT apresentou menor área sob a curva em relação ao grupo DS. O exercício resistido agudo de alta intensidade promoveu redução da glicemia e melhorou a sensibilidade da insulina em ratos com resistência a insulina induzidos com dexametasona.Palavras-chaves: Resistência à Insulina, glicemia, exercício resistido
Medidas antropométricas podem discriminar a ocorrência de alterações bioquímicas em mulheres acima de 50 anos praticantes de atividade física?
Authors: Petreça Daniel Rogério , Hauser Eduardo , Capeletto Eduardo , Santana Fabiano José , Gevaerd Monique Da Silva , Mazo Giovana Zarpellon
Published: October 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar por meio da sensibilidade e especificidade se variáveis antropométricas são discriminadoras de alterações bioquímicas de colesterol, triglicerídeos e glicemia em mulheres acima de 50 anos praticantes de atividade física. Participaram 139 mulheres com 50 anos ou mais de idade praticantes de atividade física regular. As variáveis antropométricas analisadas foram: Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC); Perímetro de Cintura (PC); Razão cintura-quadril (RCQ); razão cintura estatura (RCE); Índice de conicidade (IC) e percentual de Gordura (%G). As variáveis bioquímicas analisadas foram: Glicemia (GL); Triglicerídeos (TG) e colesterol total (CT). Foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e a curva ROC. Como resultado, IMC, PC,  RCQ, RCE e %G discriminaram GL aumentada. A RCQ discriminou TG aumentada e nenhuma variável antropométrica discriminou CT aumentada. Conclui-se que o risco aumentado de alterações bioquímicas, glicemia e triglicerídeos, podem ser discriminadas por algumas variáveis antropométricas em mulheres acima de 50 anos praticantes de atividade física.
Chemotaxis and Immunoregulatory Function of Cardiac γδ T Cells in Dystrophin-Deficient Mice
Authors: Cascabulho Cynthia Machado , Beghini Daniela Gois , Meuser-Batista Marcelo , Penido Carmen , Henriques-Pons Andrea
Published: October 2016

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal X-linked disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene that lead to degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscles and to chronic inflammation. Despite the importance of γδ T cells in many diseases, this cellular subpopulation has not been described in DMD patients or in mdx mice, a widely used mouse model for studying DMD. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the migration of γδ T cells to the cardiac muscle of mdx mice and to characterize their phenotype and functional activity. We observed no migration of γδ T cells to skeletal muscles, but these cells were found in the hearts of mdx mice during the study period, reaching a peak in 12-wk-old mice. These cells migrate primarily owing to CCL2 and CCL5 chemokines produced by cardiac tissue, and they are Vγ1+/CD27+ and thus produce high levels of IFN-γ. In vivo depletion of the γδ T cells revealed γδ T cell–dependent cardiac inflammatory immunoregulation, with increased numbers of CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, and, in particular, F4/80+ cells in the heart and increased cardiac damage in mdx mice. We also observed in vitro that purified cardiac Γδ T cells are cytotoxic against adherent endomysial cardiac cells, mostly macrophages, but not against peritoneal cells, in a perforin/granzyme–dependent manner. Our present data indicate that γδ T cells exert protective effects on the hearts of mdx mice, possibly by selectively killing pathogenic macrophages, and this function may be important for the late onset of cardiac damage in DMD.
Focal depth of earthquakes of the St. Lawrence Valley based on crustal phases recorded within 100 km
epicentral distance
Authors: Lamontagne M
Published: October 2016

We have computed the focal depth of 53 earthquakes of the St. Lawrence Valley (defined as latitudes 45oN to 47oN and longitudes 70oW to 75oW) between Montreal and Quebec City using a minimum of six Pg and Sg phases from three seismograph stations or more located
within 100 km of each epicentre. In addition, the epicentre had to be within the polygon defined by the seismograph stations (i.e. the azimuthal gap had to be less than 180o). Although all 607 events of the period 1980-2015 inclusively were considered, the majority of selected events were in the
period 2013-2015 when the USARRAY stations occupied the region of interest. Computer scripts were written to select phases, stations and solutions that met our criteria. All resulting hypocentres locate between 10 and 21 km focal depth. Only 2 % of the 607 events had an Rg phase that suggests a
focal depth of less than 5 km. Together with hypocentres computed with other methods such as the Regional Crustal Depth Determination, these new hypocentres help determine the crustal levels susceptible to fault reactivation.
A Novel Method for Alignment-free DNA Sequence Similarity Analysis Based on the Characterization of Complex Networks
Authors: Zhou Jie , Zhong Pianyu , Zhang Tinghui
Published: October 2016

Determination of sequence similarity is one of the major steps in computational phylogenetic studies. One of the major tasks of computational biologists is to develop novel mathematical descriptors for similarity analysis. DNA clustering is an important technology that automatically identifies inherent relationships among large-scale DNA sequences. The comparison between the DNA sequences of different species helps determine phylogenetic relationships among species. Alignment-free approaches have continuously gained interest in various sequence analysis applications such as phylogenetic inference and metagenomic classification/clustering, particularly for large-scale sequence datasets. Here, we construct a novel and simple mathematical descriptor based on the characterization of cis sequence complex DNA networks. This new approach is based on a code of three cis nucleotides in a gene that could code for an amino acid. In particular, for each DNA sequence, we will set up a cis sequence complex network that will be used to develop a characterization vector for the analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequence phylogenetic relationships among nine species. The resulting phylogenetic relationships among the nine species were determined to be in agreement with the actual situation.
Éditorial n°71 Déchets Sciences et Techniques
Authors: Gourdon Rémy
Published: October 2016

Chères lectrices, chers lecteurs,Près d’une année s’est écoulée depuis la parution du numéro 70 de DST précédant celui-ci. Ce délai est largement supérieur à celui auquel nous avions habitué nos lecteurs au cours des dernières années. Il n’est pas conforme non plus à l’objectif affiché par l’équipe éditoriale de rechercher une fréquence de publication de 3 numéros par an.Plusieurs raisons expliquent ce retard. En premier lieu, nous avons travaillé, en parallèle à la préparation de ce numéro 71, à l’édition d’un numéro spécial de la revue qui publiera une sélection d’articles étendus issus du colloque scientifique international "Eau, Déchet & Développement Durable" (E3D 2016) organisé par l’Université de Lomé, Togo, du 7 au 11 mars 2016. Ce numéro spécial devrait regrouper 6 articles et paraitra dans un mois seulement. Nous verrons donc in fine la publication de deux numéros en 2016, mais à un intervalle très rapproché l’un de l’autre.D’autre part, malgré nos efforts, la procédure d’examen des manuscrits par deux lecteurs experts est relativement longue, car elle exige souvent plusieurs allers-retours entre les auteurs et les lecteurs pour aboutir, lorsque le manuscrit est accepté, à la version définitive qui pourra être publiée. Cette procédure est cependant indispensable pour garantir l’originalité des articles et le niveau de qualité permettant à nos lecteurs de trouver intérêt à les lire et à les citer dans leurs propres publications.Pour voir le verre à moitié plein plutôt qu’à moitié vide, le point positif du long délai sans parution de DST qui vient de s’écouler est qu’il a sans nul doute créé chez nos lecteurs une soif encore plus forte de retrouver dans nos articles ce qui fait la richesse et la spécificité de la revue DST : Le croisement des approches et regards portés par les équipes de recherche du Nord et du Sud sur le thème partagé des sciences et génie de l’environnement qui contribue si fortement à dessiner l’avenir de notre planète commune.Bonne lecture donc !
Global Health and Graduate Medical Education: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Bills Corey B. , Ahn James
Published: October 2016

Background 

Global health (GH) interest is increasing in graduate medical education (GME). The popularity of the GH topic has created growth in the GME literature.

Objective 

The authors aim to provide a systematic review of published approaches to GH in GME.

Methods 

We searched PubMed using variable keywords to identify articles with abstracts published between January 1975 and January 2015 focusing on GME approaches to GH. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were evaluated for content by authors to ensure relevance. Methodological quality was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI), which has demonstrated reliability and validity evidence.

Results 

Overall, 69 articles met initial inclusion criteria. Articles represented research and curricula from a number of specialties and a range of institutions. Many studies reported data from a single institution, lacked randomization and/or evidence of clinical benefit, and had poor reliability and validity evidence. The mean MERSQI score among 42 quantitative articles was 8.87 (2.79).

Conclusions 

There is significant heterogeneity in GH curricula in GME, with no single strategy for teaching GH to graduate medical learners. The quality of literature is marginal, and the body of work overall does not facilitate assessment of educational or clinical benefit of GH experiences. Improved methods of curriculum evaluation and enhanced publication guidelines would have a positive impact on the quality of research in this area.
ANÁLISIS DE SENSIBILIDAD EN EL CÁLCULO DE EMISIONES CONTAMINANTES DEL TRÁFICO DE MERCANCÍAS EN EJES DE TRANSPORTE
Authors: ARENAS RAMIREZ BLANCA , Ruiz Porro Jorge , Mira McWilliams José M. , López Martínez José M. , Aparicio Izquierdo Francisco
Published: October 2016

La competitividad en el transporte de mercancías español y mundial, junto con la preocupación creciente por la reducción de emisiones, ha provocado que se preste una gran atención a la mejora de su eficiencia, tanto desde el punto de vista logístico como el medioambiental. Por ello, el trasvase modal tiene una relevancia creciente en las administraciones y en investigación. En este trabajo se desarrolla un análisis de sensibilidad sobre un código de ordenador de simulación estocástica, que estima la distribución de probabilidad de las emisiones que se dejan de producir en la carretera como consecuencia del trasvase modal de mercancías al ferrocarril. El modelado estadístico proporciona el valor añadido esencial de la cuantificación de las incertidumbres y comprende varias etapas que posteriormente se acoplan mediante el método de Monte Carlo, implementado en un código de simulación escrito en lenguaje abierto R. El análisis de sensibilidad se realiza a través de un experimento computacional cuyos resultados se analizan mediante la técnica ANOVA, para estudiar el efecto, sobre las emisiones, de cambios en las distribuciones de probabilidad de las variables que determina las etapas del modelo, tanto de forma individual (efectos principales) como conjunta (interacciones). La metodología se aplica como ilustración al eje Madrid-Guipúzcoa para la estimación de consumos y de las emisiones de CO, NOx, HC y de material particulado (PM).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.1989
Transporte público y peatonalizaciones: De un matrimonio mal avenido a una relación de conveniencia
Authors: Moreno Gomez Clara , Matamoros Grande Sandra
Published: October 2016

La relación entre el transporte público y las actuaciones de peatonalización de centros urbanos es siempre materia de discusión. En este caso queremos abordar el tema a través de la realización de entrevistas a los diferentes actores de la movilidad (desde responsables políticos, técnicos, hasta colectivos o asociaciones, operadores de transporte o viajeros individuales), recogiendo los motivos que les llevan a tomar una determinada posición respecto a este tema, buscando la confrontación entre las diferentes posturas de una manera abierta y conciliadora.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.2155
New variables for detecting transport disadvantages. The role of social capital
Authors: DI CIOMMO FLORIDEA
Published: October 2016

This paper explores the potential role of social capital variables on the transport mode choice. Traditionally travel behavior model included social capital as empowerment factor (i.e. social capital as substitute of financial capital) or as social network influence on travel choice. Only recently constraints of social capital are considered as factors influencing travel behavior (Swanen et al, 2015, Di Ciommo & Martens, 2015).This article will show both aspects of empowerments and constraints of social capital in a dynamic way stressing two dynamic aspects of social capital: the building up social capital and use of social capital. Both aspects are related with the value of time: when you are doing something for others ( i.e. Voluntary actions, pick up all family members, etc) you are loosing your time, and your mode choice will be oriented to saving time, therefore a private mode will be chosen, while when you are using your social capital benefit (somebody else is helping you), you will easily choose the less flexible and more time consuming public transport.   After defining social capital notion in both aspects of empowerments and constraints, a set of social capital variables is defined. Then two of these variables are tested through a smartphone short panel survey, where 100 individuals living or working in one surrounding southern area of Madrid have participated in entering their travel data for an entire working week. The estimated mixed-logit model that incorporated two “social capital variables: participation in voluntary activities and receiving help for various tasks (i.e. child care) show how people who have less social capital, but that are trying to build it up choose more private than public modes:  building social capital stock has a cost in term of time that push people to use more flexible transport mode (i.e. private car), while people who have already a stock of social capital and can use it (i.e. helped people) receive time from others and are more relaxed in choosing a less flexible mode of transport such as public transport.  Results confirm that when a new metro station is opened, the shift towards metro is higher in the case of people ”helped” and lower for those participating in some voluntary activities. From a policy point of view, it will be relevant to know if people leaving a specific area are more voluntary or helped oriented, for forecasting the future policies.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.2158
The Potential of Road Pricing Schemes for Reducing Carbon Emissions
Authors: Nocera Silvio , Giaretta Federico , Cavallaro Federico
Published: October 2016

Road pricing is a transport measure mainly conceived to fund road management, to regulate the demand for traffic and to reduce the number of private vehicles circulating in urban areas. It can also grant benefits in terms of environmental externalities including the reduction of CO2 emissions, which has recently become one of the most important elements defining the sustainability of a transport system. However, the carbon potential granted by road charging is rarely assessed, thus confirming a sort of secondary role attributed to CO2 in urban premises. This paper provides an accurate analysis of the relationship between the different forms of road pricing (including distance-based, congestion-based and pay-as-you-drive) and their effective role in terms of carbon reduction, which in some contexts is higher than 10%. Furthermore, practical suggestions to policy makers in terms of implementation of the measure are discussed, highlighting the precautions necessary to include a fair carbon evaluation into an overall effective analysis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3215
CLASSIFICATION AND PREDICTION OF PORT VARIABLES
Authors: Molina Serrano Beatriz
Published: October 2016

Many variables are included in planning and management of port terminals. They can beeconomic, social, environmental and institutional. Agent needs to know relationshipbetween these variables to modify planning conditions. Use of Bayesian Networks allowsfor classifying, predicting and diagnosing these variables. Bayesian Networks allow forestimating subsequent probability of unknown variables, basing on know variables.In planning level, it means that it is not necessary to know all variables because theirrelationships are known. Agent can know interesting information about how port variablesare connected. It can be interpreted as cause-effect relationship. Bayesian Networks can beused to make optimal decisions by introduction of possible actions and utility of theirresults.In proposed methodology, a data base has been generated with more than 40 port variables.They have been classified in economic, social, environmental and institutional variables, inthe same way that smart port studies in Spanish Port System make. From this data base, anetwork has been generated using a non-cyclic conducted grafo which allows for knowingport variable relationships - parents-children relationships-. Obtained network exhibits thateconomic variables are – in cause-effect terms- cause of rest of variable typologies.Economic variables represent parent role in the most of cases. Moreover, whenenvironmental variables are known, obtained network allows for estimating subsequentprobability of social variables.It has been concluded that Bayesian Networks allow for modeling uncertainty in aprobabilistic way, even when number of variables is high as occurs in planning andmanagement of port terminals.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3226
ECO-ROUTING: MORE GREEN DRIVERS MEANS MORE BENEFITS?
Authors: Valdés Serrano Cristina , Perez Prada Fiamma , Monzón de Cáceres Andrés
Published: October 2016

Information and Communications Technology (ICT)/Information and Technology Services (ITS) can play an important role in the transport sector, helping in maintaining accessibility and contemporarily optimizing the use of the vehicles. Among these ICT measures, eco-routing seems a promising one. Drivers normally follow the route which minimizes their generalized costs, normally time and money. But environmental concern is increasing, and drivers are starting to think about the effects of their driving. This means including CO2 emissions or fuel consumption in their route choice. But is this always positive, independently of the traffic situation and the penetration level of green drivers? This articles aims to analyze what happens in terms of fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and travel time, when different penetration levels of drivers, and with different traffic situations, follow the route of minimum fuel consumption instead of the conventional generalized costs. The analysis is based on a modelling process using a transport model of the whole region of Madrid. A total of 18 scenarios are considered: 3 reference scenarios (for congested, medium and low flow traffic situations), and 5 different penetration levels of green drivers for each traffic situation. Results show how impact varies substantially with the level of traffic and, also, that the more the best is not always true.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3250
Methodological Analysis about the Potential Avoidabilty of Motor Vehicles Colliding Against Pedestrians in Urban Areas
Authors: Cabrerizo Sinca Julià , Campos Cacheda José Magín , Pérez Díez Fernando
Published: October 2016

The main motivation of the authors of this article is to establish a rigorous definition of the potential capacity that a motor vehicle driver has to avoid a collision against a pedestrian.      Henceforth we will call this capacity avoidability. To calculate the avoidability, it is necessary to analyze time, distance and itinerary, initial position of the pedestrian when exposed to the risk, initial speed; theoretical maximum speed developed by the vehicle and road limit speed; the driver’s reaction time and the influence of the environment; and the interrelation of the initial positions of vehicle and pedestrian with respect to the transversal axis of the road. The definition, categorized by variables, of a driver’s ability to avoid run over a pedestrian in an urban area has an evident usefulness: it allows knowing the influence of the initial speed of a vehicle as an isolated variable and the importance of the road limit speed in the ability to prevent an accident.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3481
Considerations on free public transport implementation - based on Krakow case
Authors: Zakowska Lidia , Piwowarczyk Maciej Adam , Aleksandrowicz Jan Hipolit
Published: October 2016

New transport philosophy follows the equity criteria and should also lead toward sustainability and equity in building policies of public transport in cities. Implementation of free public transport for citizens is widely considered in different countries, cities and on several administrative government levels. However, there are not may examples of successful implementation if this concept in Europe. This work presents the discussion on multi-dimensional barriers, which make implementation of equity criteria to transport policies difficult. Both advantages and disadvantages of free of charge public transport system are presented, based on current discussions, as well as  on some European examples, case studies and scientific evaluations. The case study simulation for the Krakow urban area is initiated and described, testing the effects of free of charge public transport on economic and mobility factors. Considerations presented in this work are based on current challenges to build green with multimodal transport, respecting factors of economy, traffic volumes, safety and environmental factors. It is predicted that success of free public transport for citizens could create a significant shift in travel demand from private car use toward trams and busses, reducing accident costs, decreasing congestion in city centers and limiting air pollution, contributing to social and economic growth of the whole metropolitan area.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3523
Análisis de la logística del reparto a domicilio de la compra de alimentación y hogar. Aplicación a Consum en el área de Valencia. Propuestas para su mejora.
Authors: Arroyo López María Rosa , Colomer Ferrándiz José Vicente
Published: October 2016

El problema de la distribución urbana en las grandes ciudades y en particular, el reparto de mercancías a domicilio, no tiene una solución simple, ya que confluyen múltiples factores y diversos actores con intereses diferentes. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las principales características de este servicio, muy poco estudiado dentro de la logística urbana, con el fin de proponer medidas de actuación, que garanticen la sostenibilidad desde los puntos de vista económico, social y ambiental. El análisis se aplica a la empresa Consum, que se estudia con mayor detalle y para finalizar se proponen 29 medidas de actuación para este caso práctico.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3541
ADQUISICIÓN DE COMPETENCIAS GENÉRICAS EN ALUMNOS DE GRADO Y MÁSTER A TRAVÉS DE ASIGNATURAS DE TRANSPORTES
Authors: MUÑOZ BELEN , ROMANA MANUEL , DURAN CONSUELO
Published: October 2016

El Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior impone la educación por competencias, lo que obliga a las universidades a establecer las competencias profesionales generales, específicas asociadas a materias y genéricas que adquieren los alumnos con la titulación, a través de las asignaturas del plan de estudios, y las actividades desarrolladas en las mismas. Hay muchas definiciones de competencias genéricas, pero todas ellas coinciden en destacar que la actuación competente de un profesional implica la aplicación de forma conjunta y coordinada de saberes teóricos, procedimientos, pautas, destrezas, actitudes,…. Por cuestiones de programación, cada competencia genérica no se adquirirá con una única asignatura del plan de estudios, sino con varias de ellas, e incluso con formación complementaria al plan de estudios. Todo ello implica cambios en la metodología docente por parte del profesorado. Según las recomendaciones de ANECA, se trata de definir las competencias que deberán adquirir los alumnos al finalizar la titulación, pero la titulación no solo forma profesionales sino también personas. Por ello, las competencias deberán definirse teniendo en cuenta el respeto a los derechos fundamentales y de igualdad de oportunidades entre hombres y mujeres, los principios de igualdad de oportunidades y accesibilidad universal de las personas con discapacidad y los valores propios de una cultura de la paz y de valores democráticos. En este trabajo se analiza la adquisición de competencias genéricas por parte de los alumnos de Grado y Máster en asignaturas de Transportes en sus diferentes aspectos, planificación, política, explotación, etc., así como a través de las actividades desarrolladas en las mismas. Para ello se parte como ejemplo de las asignaturas de Transportes incluidas en el plan de estudios de Grado en Ingeniería Civil y Territorial y Máster en Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales y Puertos de la ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos de la UPM.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3684
PUBLIC BUS SERVICE AND THE CONCESSION CONTRACT IN ANDALUSIA. EFFECT OF TRANSMISSION
Authors: Sanchez Portales Silvia , Maeso Gonzalez Elvira
Published: October 2016

The Andalusian sector of regular public passenger transport of general use, has beentraditionally characterized by being configured by a wide variety of operators of small andmedium-scale, where the concession contracts were the only and main economic activity.Over time, new trends have appeared on the market that have led to the evolution of thesector to other models. On the one hand, transformation of the business owner tocorporations, and secondly the penetration of large multinational companies which haveentered the sector through the acquisition and, on many occasions, absorbing existingconcession companies.This paper analyzes the changes experienced in the concession contracts related to theirchange of ownership and its impact on the current structure industry. The analysis showsan overview of the regular public transport system travelers utility road in Andalusia.The results are interesting for the planning and design of new concession contracts,extension approach of the current contracts and general optimization of the system forpromotion of a sustainable transport, which satisfies needs of users, respecting the rule offree market.In short, this paper aims to provide a deeper knowledge of the sector, from the point ofview of the operating companies that intergrates it, showing the evolution in existingbusiness structures.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3975
DRIVER FEEDBACK MOBILE APP
Authors: Soriguera Marti Francesc , Miralles Miquel Enric
Published: October 2016

This paper faces the human factor in driving and its consequences for road safety. It presents the concepts behind the development of a smartphone app capable of evaluating drivers’ performance. The app provides feedback to the driver in terms of a grade (between 0 and 10) depending on the aggressiveness and risks taken while driving. These are computed from the cumulative probability distribution function of the jerks (i.e. the time derivative of acceleration), which are measured using the smartphones’ accelerometer. Different driving contexts (e.g. urban, freeway, congestion, etc.) are identified applying cluster analysis to the measurements, and treated independently. Using regression analysis, the aggressiveness indicator is related to the drivers' safety records and to the probability of having an accident, through the standard DBQ - Driving Behavior Questionnaire. Results from a very limited pilot test show a strong correlation between the 99th percentile of the jerk measurements and the DBQ results. A linear model is fitted. This allows quantifying the safe driving behavior only from smartphone measurements. Finally, this indicator is translated into a normalized grade and feedback to the driver. This feedback will challenge the driver to train and to improve his performance. The phone will be blocked while driving and will incorporate mechanisms to prevent bad practices, like competition in aggressive driving. The app is intended to contribute to the improvement of road safety, one of the major public health problems, by tackling the human factor which is the trigger of the vast majority of traffic accidents. Making explicit and quantifying risky behaviors is the first step towards a safer driving.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4066
EFFICIENT POSTAL SERVICE AND RESPECTFUL WITH THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Vera López José Antonio
Published: October 2016

The postal service is suffering an adaptation to the new markets opened by the users. The traditional post, letters and postcards, is being used less and is substituted by mail and packaging. To adequate to this new market it's important for the postal sector companies. In Spain, the operator of the Universal Postal Service has taken example from other companies of the sector, national and international, implanting electrical bicycle mail and packaging service in the centre of big cities. This is due to the fact that there are more the cities that are forbidding vehicle access to it's historical centres and the volume of packaging to deliver is greater. But, is it viable to deliver using hybrid and electrical vehicles in cities? This study intends to improve the distribution in cities with the implantation of these vehicles. It takes into account the characteristics of populations between 50.000 and 100.000 inhabitants, in which it will be analysed the advantages and inconvenience, doing special emphasis in the economic cost, conducting studies of the costs of implantation and amortization time.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4085
Mathematical optimization for planning and design of cycle paths
Authors: LIÑÁN Ruiz Roberto José , Pérez Aracil Jorge , Cabrera Cañizares Víctor
Published: October 2016

The daily need for citizens to move for different activities, whatever its nature, has been greatly affected by the changes. The advantages resulting from the inclusion of the bicycle as a mode of transport and the proliferation of its use among citizens are numerous and extend both in the field of urban mobility and sustainable development.Currently, there are a number of programs for the implementation, promotion or increased public participation related to cycling in cities. But ultimately, each and every one of these initiatives have the same goal, to create a mesh of effective, useful and cycling trails that allow the use of bicycles in preferred routes with high guarantees of security, incorporating bicycle model intermodal urban transport.With the gradual implementation of bike lanes, many people have begun to use them to get around the city. But everything again needs a period of adaptation, and the reality is that the road network for these vehicles is full of obstacles to the rider. The current situation has led to the proposal that many kilometers of cycle paths needed to supply the demand of this mode of transport and, if implemented and planned are correct and sufficient.This paper presents a mathematical programming model for optimal design of a network for cyclists is presented. Specifically, the model determines a network of bicycle infrastructure, appropriate to the characteristics of a network of existing roads.As an application of the proposed model, the result of these experiments give a number of useful conclusions for planning and designing networks of cycle paths from a social perspective, applied to the case in the city of Malaga.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4089
Calibration of MATSim in the context of natural hazards in Belgium
Authors: Cools Mario , Saadi Ismaïl , Mustafa Ahmed , Teller Jacques
Published: October 2016

In Belgium, river floods are among the most frequent natural disasters and they may cause important changes on travel demand. In this regard, we propose to set up a large scale scenario using MATSim for guarantying an accurate assessment of the river floods impact on the transportation systems. In terms of inputs, agent-based models require a base year population. In this context, a synthetic population with a respective set of attributes is generated as a key input. Afterwards, agents are assigned activity chains through an activity-based generation process. Finally, the synthetic population and the transportation network are integrated into the dynamic traffic assignment simulator, i.e. MATSim. With respect to data, households travel surveys are the main inputs for synthesizing the populations. Besides, a steady-state inundation map is integrated within MATSim for simulating river floods. To our knowledge, very few studies have focused on how river floods affect transportation systems. In this regard, this research will undoubtedly provide new insights in term of methodology and traffic pattern analysis under disruptions, especially with regard to spatial scale effects. The results indicate that at the municipality level, it is possible to capture the effects of disruptions on travel behavior. In this context, further disaggregation is needed in future studies for identifying to what extent results are sensitive to disaggregation. In addition, results also suggest that the target sub-population exposed to flood risk should be isolated from the rest of the travel demand to reach have more sensitive effects.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4098
PATHER and GPS Together to Improve Transport Efficiency
Authors: Pabón Dueñas Ana Belén
Published: October 2016

The new PATHER system becomes the perfect partner of GPS, so that the user gets a real positioning system when this is needed. This also includes positioning inside buildings. PATHER is based on Techno-accessibility and takes the concept of transport a step ahead, until developing a set of actions and providing services, in order to increase user information. Using this system provides each individual the opportunity to feel confident and independent, regardless of their physical condition, because the system is able to act in many situations providing the user information necessary for optimal transport.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4103
The use of driving simulators for enhancing train driver’s performance in terms of energy consumption
Authors: Salvador Zuriaga Pablo , García Román Carla , Pineda Jaramillo Juan Diego , Insa Franco Ricardo
Published: October 2016

This paper presents a driving simulator to be used by train drivers for training their driving skills in terms of energy-efficiency. In railway operations, previous experiences have shown differences in energy consumption up to 20 % among train drivers for the same journey in similar operational conditions. This shows great saving potentials in both economic and environmental terms. For this reason, railway companies wishing to become more efficient must encourage their train drivers to balance the energy consumption towards the minimum threshold. In this sense, driving simulators are a good complement for training courses on energy-saving best practices given to train drivers, where they can put into practice the learned contents. The developed driving simulator consists in an Excel spreadsheet including an accurate energy consumption model, which was previously developed from real measurements on different train services. The fact of being an Excel spreadsheet provides a familiar interface to train drivers, making easier its use, and becomes an affordable tool for small and medium size freight private railway companies. Furthermore, the fact of being a non-real-time simulation makes possible to perform a journey of several hours in a few minutes, thus being able to test different driving strategies for the same train journey in a short time period. In this paper, the driving simulator was applied to the Valencia-Cuenca-Aranjuez railway line operated by Renfe Operadora with Diesel Multiple Units. The results are given in terms of fuel consumption, costs of fuel and CO2 emissions and enable train drivers to find by themselves the most efficient way to drive the train between two stations. Finally, this driving simulator may serve as the basis for training and evaluating train drivers in order to set up a bonus/penalty policy for rewarding the most efficient train drivers and achieve an overall energy consumption reduction.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4236
Stratospheric tropical warming event and its impact on the polar
and tropical troposphere
Authors: Kodera Kunihiko , Eguchi Nawo , Mukougawa Hitoshi , Nasuno Tomoe , Hirooka Toshihiko
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Stratosphere–troposphere coupling is investigated in relation to middle atmospheric subtropical jet (MASTJ) variations in boreal winter. An exceptional strengthening of the MASTJ occurred in association with a sudden equatorward shift of the stratospheric polar night jet (PNJ) in early December 2011. This abrupt transformation of the MASTJ and PNJ had no apparent relation to the upward propagation of planetary waves from the troposphere. The impact of this stratospheric event penetrated into the troposphere in two regions: in the north polar region and the tropics. Due to the strong MASTJ planetary waves at higher latitudes were deflected and trapped in the north polar region. Trapping of the planetary waves resulted in amplification of zonal wavenumber 1 component, which appeared in the troposphere as the development of a trough over the Atlantic sector and a ridge over the Eurasian sector. A strong MASTJ also suppressed the equatorward propagation of planetary waves, which resulted in weaker tropical stratospheric upwelling and produced anomalous warming in the tropical stratosphere. In the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), however, sublimation of ice clouds kept the temperature change minor. In the troposphere, an abrupt termination of a Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) event occurred following the static stability increase in the TTL. This termination suggests that the stratospheric event affected the convective episode in the troposphere.
Auroral meridian scanning photometer calibration using Jupiter
Authors: Jackel Brian J. , Unick Craig , Creutzberg Fokke , Baker Greg , Davis Eric , Donovan Eric F. , Connors Martin , Wilson Cody , Little Jarrett , Greffen M. , McGuffin Neil
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Observations of astronomical sources provide information that can significantly enhance the utility of auroral data for scientific studies. This report presents results obtained by using Jupiter for field cross calibration of four multispectral auroral meridian scanning photometers during the 2011–2015 Northern Hemisphere winters. Seasonal average optical field-of-view and local orientation estimates are obtained with uncertainties of 0.01 and 0.1°, respectively. Estimates of absolute sensitivity are repeatable to roughly 5 % from one month to the next, while the relative response between different wavelength channels is stable to better than 1 %. Astronomical field calibrations and darkroom calibration differences are on the order of 10 %. Atmospheric variability is the primary source of uncertainty; this may be reduced with complementary data from co-located instruments.
Generating synthetic fjord bathymetry for coastal Greenland
Authors: Williams Christopher N. , Cornford Stephen L. , Jordan Thomas M. , Dowdeswell Julian A. , Siegert Martin J. , Clark Christopher D. , Swift Darrel A. , Sole Andrew , Fenty Ian , Bamber Jonathan L.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Bed topography is a critical boundary for the numerical modelling of ice sheets and ice-ocean interactions. A persistent issue with existing topography products for the bed of the Greenland Ice Sheet and surrounding sea floor is the poor representation of coastal bathymetry, especially in regions of floating ice and near the grounding line. Sparse data coverage, and the resultant coarse resolution at the ice/ocean boundary, poses issues in our ability to model ice flow advance and retreat from the present position. In addition, as fjord bathymetry is known to exert strong control on ocean circulation and ice-ocean forcing, the lack of bed data leads to an inability to model these processes adequately. Since the release of the last complete Greenland bed topography-bathymetry product, new observational bathymetry data have become available. These data can be used to constrain bathymetry, but many fjords remain completely unsampled and therefore poorly resolved. Here, as part of the development of the next generation of Greenland bed topography products, we present a new method for constraining the bathymetry of fjord systems in regions where data coverage is sparse. For these cases, we generate synthetic fjord geometries using a method conditioned by surveys of terrestrial glacial valleys as well as existing sinuous feature interpolation schemes. Our approach enables the capture of the general bathymetry profile of a fjord in North West Greenland close to Cape York, when compared to observational data. We validate our synthetic approach by demonstrating reduced over-estimation of depths compared to past attempts to constrain fjord bathymetry. We also present an analysis of the spectral characteristics of fjord centrelines using recently acquired bathymetric observations, demonstrating how a stochastic model of fjord bathymetry could be parameterised and used to create different realisations.
Instrumentos de avaliação da qualidade de vida do idoso com Alzheimer: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: França Alex Bacadini , Lima Gabriella Santos , Kusumota Luciana , Marques Sueli
Published: October 2016

O uso de instrumentos para avaliar a qualidade de vida de idosos com Alzheimer é de grande utilidade para a implementação da atenção adequada a essa população. O objetivo do estudo é buscar na literatura as evidências de validade dos instrumentos que avaliam a qualidade de vida dos idosos com Alzheimer respondido pelo próprio paciente. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A busca nas bases de dados foi realizada na Pubmed, Lilacs e Cinahl. Foram selecionados 10 artigos para análise integral. Esta revisão permitiu que fosse identificado um instrumento principal de avaliação (QoL-DA), validado às diferentes populações, além da proposta de dois novos instrumentos (DQI e BASQID). A análise das propriedades de validade e consistência interna (confiabilidade) dos instrumentos foram consideradas satisfatórias. Permitiu também o fortalecimento da noção apontada pelos autores acerca da dependência entre as dimensões da qualidade de vida dos idosos e a doença de Alzheimer.
Papel gerencial do enfermeiro de centro cirúrgico: percepções por meio de imagens
Authors: Dalcól Camila , Garanhani Mara Lúcia
Published: October 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a percepção de enfermeiros de centro cirúrgico sobre seu ambiente de trabalho e seu papel gerencial. Pesquisa qualitativa realizada com dez enfermeiros gerentes, de hospitais públicos e privados, por meio de entrevistas projetivas individuais, de fevereiro a agosto de 2013. As entrevistas foram transcritas e submetidas a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados possibilitaram por meio de imagens, tais como: estrategista, camaleão, maestro, carro-chefe, cabeça de coruja, super-herói entre outras, analisar as percepções dos enfermeiros. Em relação ao ambiente descreveram imagens associadas às finalidades e características físicas da unidade, destacando-a como o coração do hospital. Ao papel gerencial as imagens foram associadas à liderança, tomada de decisão, adaptação, flexibilidade, trabalho em equipe e supervisão. Observamos que os enfermeiros possuem uma visão proativa sobre sua atuação, porém, em alguns momentos, idealizadas. Torna-se ímpar refletir sobre seu papel e buscar dar maior visibilidade à sua atuação.
Estratégias de prevenção ou redução do consumo de drogas para adolescentes: revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Salles Thamyris Alexandre , Chaves Erika de Cássia Lopes , Moreira Denis Da Silva , Brito Mariana Viotti Nogueira , Mendonça Haze Maria Carolina Risolia e , Oliveira Keila
Published: October 2016

Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com o objetivo de identificar as evidências científicas acerca das estratégias de prevenção ou redução do consumo de drogas entre adolescentes. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus e Cochrane Library, com os descritores Ensino, Educação em Saúde, Transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias, Adolescentes e Enfermagem Psiquiátrica. Foram selecionados 27 artigos. Os resultados demonstraram uma variedade de programas, projetos e intervenções utilizados como estratégias de prevenção ou redução do consumo de drogas entre adolescentes. Dentre os estudos, 74,1 % (n=20) observaram resultado satisfatório e 25,9% (n=7) parcialmente satisfatório. Apenas o Projeto Narconon e a Intervenção Breve demonstraram efetividade, de maneira ampla, na redução do consumo de diferentes tipos de drogas entre adolescentes, uma vez que as demais foram direcionadas à algum tipo específico de drogas ou ainda se limitaram à prevenção do consumo destas sustâncias à adolescentes não usuários.