bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sentinel 2 Uydu Görüntülerinden Bitki Türlerinin Makine Öğrenmesi ile Belirlenmesi
Authors: TUNCA Emre , KÖKSAL Eyüp
Published: June 2021

Uydu görüntülerinden bitki türlerinin sınıflandırılması tarım alanlarının yönetimi, gıda güvenliğinin sağlanması ve tarımsal politikaların oluşturulması için oldukça önemli bilgiler sağlar. Bitki türleri genel olarak uydu görüntülerinden hesaplanan vejetasyon indekslerine dayalı olarak veya çeşitli görüntü sınıflandırma teknikleri ile tahmin edilmektedir. Fakat bu yaklaşımlarda farklı bitkilerin benzer fenelojik ve spektral özelliklere sahip olması nedeniyle başarı oranı düşüktür. Bu nedenle bitki türlerinin uydu görüntüleri ile sınıflandırılması işleminde yeni, hassas ve daha başarılı bir yaklaşıma ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Rassal Orman (RO), Destek Vektör Makinesi (DVM) ve K-En Yakın Komşu (K-NN) makine öğrenme algoritmaları kullanılarak uydu görüntülerinden bitki türlerinin sınıflandırılmasıdır. Çalışma kapsamında 2020 yılı Gökhöyük Tarım İşletmesi Müdürlüğü’ ne ait tarım alanlarında yetiştirilen bitkilerin sınıflandırılmasında zaman serisi biçiminde Sentinel 2 uydu görüntüleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre en başarılı sınıflandırma (%95.3) RO ile hesaplanırken en düşük başarı DVM ile elde edilmiştir (%75.9). K-NN ile yapılan sınıflandırma başarısı ise %91.8 olarak hesaplanmıştır.
Recovery Room Efektif Menurunkan Kelelahan Kerja pada Pekerja di Bagian Laundry Rumah Sakit
Authors: Qosim Nanang , S Henry Setyawan , Setyaningsih Yuliani
Published: June 2021

Suhu tinggi di bagian laundry Rumah Sakit menyebakan 60% pekerja merasakan kelelahan. Upaya yang dilakukan manajemen Rumah Sakit dalam mengatasi kelelahan kerja adalah  disediakannya recovery room guna mempercepat proses pemulihan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis efektifitas recovery room dalam menurunkan kelelahan kerja, melihat pemanfaatan recovery room dan kendala yang dihadapi dalam pemanfaatannya. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasi eksperimen, one group pre – posttest design dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan wawancara. Populasi dan sampel adalah seluruh pekerja di bagian laundry sejumlah 50 responden. Analisis data menggunakan uji beda Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan tingkat kelelahan kerja antara sebelum dan sesudah memanfaatkan recovery room yang ditunjukkan dengan penurunan nilai mean dari 336,7 (sebelum intervensi) menjadi 290,8 (setelah intervensi) dengan p value = 0,000 < α (0,05). Recovery room belum sepenuhnya dapat dimanfaatkan oleh semua pekerja karena keterbatasan tempat, kurangnya privasi dan persepsi pekerja bahwa istirahat dimanapun sama. Recovery room efektif menurunkan kelelahan kerja pekerja laundry di Rumah sakit. Diharapkan manajemen rumah sakit agar dapat memastikan pekerja dapat memanfaatkan recovery room dengan cara mangatur jadwal penggunaan recovery room, mengatur waktu istirahat, edukasi pentingnya memanfaatkan recovery room dan menambah kapasitas agar semua pekerja dapat mengakses recovery room dengan optimal.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Cerita Rakyat Berbasis Komik Untuk Penanaman Kemampuan Literasi Siswa Sekolah Dasar Kabupaten Rejang Lebong
Authors: Anggara Ahmad Yuda
Published: June 2021

This research aimed to develop folklord teaching material based on comic and the effectifness in instilling elementary student literacy skill on Rejang Lebong. The research used research and development method (R&D). The subject on this research were the 5th grade student of elementary school number 85 on Rejang Lebong as control class, the 5th grade student of Al Latif Unggulan Aisyiyah on Rejang Lebong as first class experiment and the 5th grade student of elementary school number 10 on Rejamg Lebong as second experiment class. Based on result of this research and the explanation. In conclution that (1) the development of teaching material began with preliminary study through student and teacher interview. Then the interview result were adjusted to the theory and the observation become a draft model that would be validated by experts. Revised draft model would be tested in small scale and large scale.AFter that the final test product would be conducted by pretest and postest technique and the gain score would be analized. (2) folklore teaching material based on comic was effective to instill student literacy. g-score of the experiment class has  0.63 for kognitif aspect and 0.57 for psikomor aspect, while the g-score in control class has 0.16 for kognitif and psikomotor aspect.
Penerapan Model Guided Inquiry Pada Pembelajaran Tematik untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas IVA SD Negeri 1 Bengkulu Tengah
Authors: Erzaita Renny Erzaita , Koto Irwan Koto , Djuwita Puspa Djuwita
Published: June 2021

Pembelajaran tematik dengan model guided inquiry bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam aspek afektif dan kognitif. Metode penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK)  dilaksanakan dalam 3 siklus yang terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Penelitian  dilakukan di kelas IVA SDN 1 Bengkulu Tengah yang  terdiri dari 10  laki-laki dan 10  perempuan. Data diperoleh dari (1) pengamatan langsung kegiatan guru dalam pelaksanaan pengajaran model guided inquiry dan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran dengan guided inquiry dan (2) tes hasil belajar dalam aspek afektif dan kognitif. Data dianalisis menggunakan nilai rata-rata,  ketuntasan belajar dan pengkategorian. Aktivitas guru siklus I mencapai kategori cukup, siklus II  menjadi kategori baik dan  siklus III meningkat  dengan kategori sangat baik. Aktivitas siswa pada siklus I kategori kurang, siklus II  menjadi kategori baik dan siklus III meningkat menjadi sangat baik. Hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I dengan rata-rata nilai 69,25, pada siklus II menjadi 84,75 dan meningkat lagi pada siklus III menjadi 88,75. Hasil  belajar siswa secara individu pada siklus I dengan rata-rata  68,6, pada siklus II  sebesar 74,75 dan pada siklus III  lagi sebesar 81,85. Pada penilaian sikap spiritual dan sosial terjadi peningkatan persentase pada setiap siklusnya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan menerapkan model guided inquiry mampu meningkatkan proses belajar dan hasil belajar siswa.
Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PJBL) terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran IPA di Kelas V SD Negeri 5 Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Apriany Wiki Apriany , Winarni Endang Widi , Muktadir Abdul Muktadir
Published: June 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kualitas projek yang dihasilkan siswa setelah penerapan model pembelajaran PjBL pada mata pelajaran IPA kelas V SDN 5 Kota Bengkulu dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran PjBL terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa yang terdiri dari level pemahaman, penerapan, dan penalaran. Jenis penelitan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini eksperimen semu dengan desain “The matching only pretestposttest control group design”. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 76 siswa SDN 05 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan SDN 20 sebagai kelas control. Instrument penelitian ini yaitu lembar penilaian kualitas proyek dan soal tes. Data hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; (1) Kualitas projek yang dihasilkan siswa setelah penerapan model pembelajaran PjBL adalah baik. Berdasarkan indikator tampilan secara keseluruhan, komposisi bagian-bagian dari ekosistem, projek yang dihasilkan mempunyai estetika tinggi (perpaduan warna, keserasian dalam penempatan objek, kerapian produk), dan kualitas detail tiap-tiap bagian diorama; (2) Terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran PjBL terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa level pemahaman dengan hasil t hitung=3,020 > t tabel 1,66; (3) Terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran PjBL terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa level penerapan dengan hasil t hitung=5,667 > t tabel 1,66; dan (4) Terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran PjBL terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa level penalaran dengan hasil t hitung=0,61 < t tabel 1,66. Berdasarkan data di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara keseluruhan terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran PjBL terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA.
Penerapan Model Discovery Learning untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Kecakapan Kerjasama pada Pembelajaran IPA Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 32 Bengkulu Tengah
Authors: Hartati Sri Hartati , Koto Irwan Koto , Hambali Daimun Hambali
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan model discovery learning sehingga dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kecakapan kerjasama siswa pada pembelajaran IPA. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas V SD Negeri 32 Bengkulu Tengah berjumlah 24 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu lembar observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran, tes kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan lembar observasi kecakapan kerjasama siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah lembar observasi dan tes. Data observasi dianalisis rata-rata skor, skor tertinggi, skor terendah dan persentase ketuntasan belajar klasikal, sedangkan data tes menggunakan rumus rata-rata nilai dan persentase ketuntasan belajar klasikal. Hasil yang dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah pada indikator memfokuskan pertanyaan sebesar 81%. Indikator menjawab pertanyaan tentang suatu penjelasan sebesar 82%. Indikator membangun keterampilan dasar sebesar 90%. Indikator menyimpulkan sebesar 80%. Kecakapan kerjasama siswa pada indikator memberikan pendapat dalam kerja kelompok sebesar 87% dengan kategori baik. Indikator memberi dan mendengarkan pendapat temannya sebesar 82% dengan kategori baik. Indikator ikut dalam kegiatan sosial sebesar 87% dengan kategori baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa Penerapan Model Discovery Learning untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Kecakapan Kerjasama Pada Pembelajaran IPA Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 32 Bengkulu Tengah.
Developmental assessment and early intervention for children with developmental delays: A case study in South Australia
Authors: Mardiyanti Mardiyanti , Case Amanda
Published: June 2021

Background: Child development monitoring and screening have been mandated as a national health service worldwide, including Indonesia; however, a recent study found that Indonesian community health nurses experienced difficulties detecting and stimulating a child suspected of a developmental delay.
Objective: To explore and provide an example of how Australian community health nurses, along with other professionals, contribute to a Universal child and family health service (UCFHS), a similar programme name in Indonesia is child developmental stimulating, detecting monitoring and early intervention programme or SDIDTK.
Case study: This is a case study of a young Australian boy (4 years old) whom the mother reported that her son has unclear speech and he was not speaking as much as other children at his age. The researcher, as a nurse, delivered the child developmental assessment and play skills assessment and found that the child has subtle developmental gaps and was at risk for developmental delay. Several goal setting and programming ideas have been developed to meet the child developmental milestones. These include goals in fine motor skills, communication, problem-solving and personal-social skills which have been regarded as early intervention for the child. Together with the therapy from a Speech Pathologist, these goal settings and programming ideas have been collaborated with the kindergarten teachers and the family as well as the UCFHS nurses as part of the child developmental monitoring programme.
Conclusion: Developmental delays can be detected through developmental and play assessments and can be followed by developmental stimulation and early intervention programme by developing goal settings and programming ideas around the delays or gaps in play or development.
POWER AND THE CITY. CAIRO AN ARENA FOR PROFIT, CLASSES DISPUTE OR POLITICAL PROPAGANDA?
Authors: Saad Sadek
Published: June 2021

The city can be seen as the end-product of
human civilisation, imposing various meninges, it can be an
arena for political, economic, sociocultural and classes
disputes, imbedding authoritarian power, control and
discipline.
This study investigates the architectural and urban
traces of authoritarian power, control, and classes disputes
in Cairo from around the end of the 18th Century until the
first two decades of the 21st Century. The study adopts a
descriptive and synthesis research method and approach by
relating significant authoritarian urban projects in Cairo to
political, economic, and sociocultural forces in action.
The traces of authoritarian power shifted from the
celebrative authoritarian architecture level before 1800 to
medium-scale urban monumental interventions after the
second half of the 19th Century. After 1960 Cairo witnessed
several shifts in authoritarian power representation,
leading to massive urbanisation and new spectacular
capital. Cairo presented various power players shifting
nodes along with its urban governance network. The power
shift was accompanied by authoritarian control, discipline,
and political propaganda while adopting a colonial topdown autocratic urban process
Clinical Studies and Pre-clinical Animal Models on Facial Nerve Preservation, Reconstruction, and Regeneration Following Cerebellopontine Angle Tumor Surgery–A Systematic Review and Future Perspectives
Authors: Hostettler Isabel C. , Jayashankar Narayan , Bikis Christos , Wanderer Stefan , Nevzati Edin , Karuppiah Ravindran , Waran Vicknes , Kalbermatten Daniel , Mariani Luigi , Marbacher Serge , Guzman Raphael , Madduri Srinivas , Roethlisberger Michel
Published: June 2021

Background and purpose: Tumorous lesions developing in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) get into close contact with the 1st (cisternal) and 2nd (meatal) intra-arachnoidal portion of the facial nerve (FN). When surgical damage occurs, commonly known reconstruction strategies are often associated with poor functional recovery. This article aims to provide a systematic overview for translational research by establishing the current evidence on available clinical studies and experimental models reporting on intracranial FN injury.

Methods: A systematic literature search of several databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Medline) was performed prior to July 2020. Suitable articles were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Included clinical studies were reviewed and categorized according to the pathology and surgical resection strategy, and experimental studies according to the animal. For anatomical study purposes, perfusion-fixed adult New Zealand white rabbits were used for radiological high-resolution imaging and anatomical dissection of the CPA and periotic skull base.

Results: One hundred forty four out of 166 included publications were clinical studies reporting on FN outcomes after CPA-tumor surgery in 19,136 patients. During CPA-tumor surgery, the specific vulnerability of the intracranial FN to stretching and compression more likely leads to neurapraxia or axonotmesis than neurotmesis. Severe FN palsy was reported in 7 to 15 % after vestibular schwannoma surgery, and 6% following the resection of CPA-meningioma. Twenty-two papers reported on experimental studies, out of which only 6 specifically used intracranial FN injury in a rodent (n = 4) or non-rodent model (n = 2). Rats and rabbits offer a feasible model for manipulation of the FN in the CPA, the latter was further confirmed in our study covering the radiological and anatomical analysis of perfusion fixed periotic bones.

Conclusion: The particular anatomical and physiological features of the intracranial FN warrant a distinguishment of experimental models for intracranial FN injuries. New Zealand White rabbits might be a very cost-effective and valuable option to test new experimental approaches for intracranial FN regeneration. Flexible and bioactive biomaterials, commonly used in skull base surgery, endowed with trophic and topographical functions, should address the specific needs of intracranial FN injuries.
Cortical Thickness Adaptive Response to Mechanical Loading Depends on Periosteal Position and Varies Linearly With Loading Magnitude
Authors: Miller Corey J. , Trichilo Silvia , Pickering Edmund , Martelli Saulo , Delisser Peter , Meakin Lee B. , Pivonka Peter
Published: June 2021

The aim of the current study was to quantify the local effect of mechanical loading on cortical bone formation response at the periosteal surface using previously obtained μCT data from a mouse tibia mechanical loading study. A novel image analysis algorithm was developed to quantify local cortical thickness changes (ΔCt.Th) along the periosteal surface due to different peak loads (0N ≤ F ≤ 12N) applied to right-neurectomised mature female C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, beam analysis was performed to analyse the local strain distribution including regions of tensile, compressive, and low strain magnitudes. Student’s paired t-test showed that ΔCt.Th in the proximal (25%), proximal/middle (37%), and middle (50%) cross-sections (along the z-axis of tibia) is strongly associated with the peak applied loads. These changes are significant in a majority of periosteal positions, in particular those experiencing high compressive or tensile strains. No association between F and ΔCt.Th was found in regions around the neutral axis. For the most distal cross-section (75%), the association of loading magnitude and ΔCt.Th was not as pronounced as the more proximal cross-sections. Also, bone formation responses along the periosteum did not occur in regions of highest compressive and tensile strains predicted by beam theory. This could be due to complex experimental loading conditions which were not explicitly accounted for in the mechanical analysis. Our results show that the bone formation response depends on the load magnitude and the periosteal position. Bone resorption due to the neurectomy of the loaded tibia occurs throughout the entire cross-sectional region for all investigated cortical sections 25, 37, 50, and 75%. For peak applied loads higher than 4 N, compressive and tensile regions show bone formation; however, regions around the neutral axis show constant resorption. The 50% cross-section showed the most regular ΔCt.Th response with increased loading when compared to 25 and 37% cross-sections. Relative thickness gains of approximately 70, 60, and 55% were observed for F = 12 N in the 25, 37, and 50% cross-sections. ΔCt.Th at selected points of the periosteum follow a linear response with increased peak load; no lazy zone was observed at these positions.
NudC L279P Mutation Destabilizes Filamin A by Inhibiting the Hsp90 Chaperoning Pathway and Suppresses Cell Migration
Authors: Liu Min , Xu Zhangqi , Zhang Cheng , Yang Chunxia , Feng Jiaxing , Lu Yiqing , Zhang Wen , Chen Wenwen , Xu Xiaoyang , Sun Xiaoxia , Yang Mingyang , Liu Wei , Zhou Tianhua , Yang Yuehong
Published: June 2021

Filamin A, the first discovered non-muscle actin filament cross-linking protein, plays a crucial role in regulating cell migration that participates in diverse cellular and developmental processes. However, the regulatory mechanism of filamin A stability remains unclear. Here, we find that nuclear distribution gene C (NudC), a cochaperone of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), is required to stabilize filamin A in mammalian cells. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry and western blotting analyses reveal that NudC interacts with filamin A. Overexpression of human NudC-L279P (an evolutionarily conserved mutation in NudC that impairs its chaperone activity) not only decreases the protein level of filamin A but also results in actin disorganization and the suppression of cell migration. Ectopic expression of filamin A is able to reverse these defects induced by the overexpression of NudC-L279P. Furthermore, Hsp90 forms a complex with filamin A. The inhibition of Hsp90 ATPase activity by either geldanamycin or radicicol decreases the protein stability of filamin A. In addition, ectopic expression of Hsp90 efficiently restores NudC-L279P overexpression-induced protein stability and functional defects of filamin A. Taken together, these data suggest NudC L279P mutation destabilizes filamin A by inhibiting the Hsp90 chaperoning pathway and suppresses cell migration.
Role of Cell Death in Cellular Processes During Odontogenesis
Authors: Abramyan John , Geetha-Loganathan Poongodi , Šulcová Marie , Buchtová Marcela
Published: June 2021

The development of a tooth germ in a precise size, shape, and position in the jaw, involves meticulous regulation of cell proliferation and cell death. Apoptosis, as the most common type of programmed cell death during embryonic development, plays a number of key roles during odontogenesis, ranging from the budding of the oral epithelium during tooth initiation, to later tooth germ morphogenesis and removal of enamel knot signaling center. Here, we summarize recent knowledge about the distribution and function of apoptotic cells during odontogenesis in several vertebrate lineages, with a special focus on amniotes (mammals and reptiles). We discuss the regulatory roles that apoptosis plays on various cellular processes during odontogenesis. We also review apoptosis-associated molecular signaling during tooth development, including its relationship with the autophagic pathway. Lastly, we cover apoptotic pathway disruption, and alterations in apoptotic cell distribution in transgenic mouse models. These studies foster a deeper understanding how apoptotic cells affect cellular processes during normal odontogenesis, and how they contribute to dental disorders, which could lead to new avenues of treatment in the future.
Mechanistic Insight Into the Roles of Integrins in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Jin Hongfu , Jiang Shigang , Wang Ruomei , Zhang Yi , Dong Jiangtao , Li Yusheng
Published: June 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA), one of the most common degenerative diseases, is characterized by progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone, as well as the synovium. Integrins, comprising a family of heterodimeric transmembrane proteins containing α subunit and β subunit, play essential roles in various physiological functions of cells, such as cell attachment, movement, growth, differentiation, and mechanical signal conduction. Previous studies have shown that integrin dysfunction is involved in OA pathogenesis. This review article focuses on the roles of integrins in OA, especially in OA cartilage, subchondral bone and the synovium. A clear understanding of these roles may influence the future development of treatments for OA.
Bandgap Engineering and Near-Infrared-II Optical Properties of Monolayer MoS2: A First-Principle Study
Authors: Yang Ke , Liu Tianyu , Zhang Xiao-Dong
Published: June 2021

The fluorescence-based optical imaging in the second near-infrared region (NIR-II, 1,000–1,700 nm) has broad applications in the biomedical field, but it is still difficult to find new NIR-II fluorescence materials in the two dimension. As a crucial characteristic of the electronic structure, the band structure determines the fundamental properties of two-dimensional materials, such as their optical excitations and electronic transportation. Therefore, we calculated the electronic structures and optical properties of different crystalline phases (1T phase and 2H phase) of pure monolayer MoS2 films and found that the 1T phase has better absorption and thus better fluorescence in the NIR-II window. However, its poor stability makes the 1T-phase MoS2 less useful in vivo bioimaging. By introducing vacancy defects and doping with foreign atoms, we successfully tuned the bandgap of the monolayer 2H-MoS2 and activated it in the NIR-II. Our results show that by engineering the vacancy defects, the bandgap of the 2H phase can be tailored to around 1 eV, and there are three candidates of vacancy structures that exhibit strong absorption in the NIR-II.
Heptazine-Based π-Conjugated Materials for Light-Emitting
Authors: Li Jie , Tao Li , Wang Yanqing , Yao Yali , Guo Qiang
Published: June 2021

On the basis of planar and relatively rigid nitrogen-rich heterocyclic system of the heptazine core, heptazine-based π-conjugated materials have aroused widespread attention over the past decade by virtue of the fascinating electronic, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties in the fields of light-emitting, photocatalysis, sensors, environmental remediation, and so forth. However, there are still several obstacles to be solved before practical applications, such as low photoluminescence quantum efficiencies for light-emitting and weak visible absorption for photocatalysis. To further enhance various properties of heptazine-based π-conjugated materials, a series of strategies have been developed, including ingenious molecular design and modification, novel synthetic, and preparation methods. In this review, the significant progress of monomeric and polymeric heptazine-based π-conjugated materials and their applications typically in light-emitting are reviewed, which is beneficial for the acceleration of practical applications of heptazine-based materials and devices.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YN201732 Produces Lipopeptides With Promising Biocontrol Activity Against Fungal Pathogen Erysiphe cichoracearum
Authors: Jiao Rong , Cai Yongzhan , He Pengfei , Munir Shahzad , Li Xingyu , Wu Yixin , Wang Junwei , Xia Mengyuan , He Pengbo , Wang Ge , Yang Huanwen , Karunarathna Samantha C. , Xie Yan , He Yueqiu
Published: June 2021

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YN201732 is an endophytic bacteria with high biocontrol efficiency and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. In order to clarify the main active ingredients and their antifungal mechanisms against powdery mildew of tobacco, this study is focused on lipopeptide obtained through acid precipitation and organic solvent extraction. HPLC and LCMS-IT-TOF were used to separate and identify antimicrobial lipopeptides. Findings revealed that bacillomycin D plays an important role against surrogate fungal pathogen Fusarium solani. Synthetic pathways of sfp, bacillomycin D, and fengycin were separately disrupted. The sfp gene knockout mutant B. amyloliquefaciens YN201732M1 only showed minor antagonistic activity against F. solani. While Erysiphe cichoracearum spore germination was inhibited and pot experiments displayed a significant decrease in tobacco powdery mildew. The spore inhibition rate of YN201732M1 was only 30.29%, and the pot experiment control effect was less than 37.39%, which was significantly lower than that of the wild type. The inhibitory effect of mutant YN201732M2 (deficient in the production of bacillomycin D) and mutant YN201732M3 (deficient in the production of fengycin) on the spore germination of E. cichoracearum were 50.22% and 53.06%, respectively, suggesting that both fengycin and bacillomycin D had potential effects on spore germination of powdery mildew. Interestingly, in a greenhouse assay, both B. amyloliquefaciens YN201732M2 and YN201732M3 mutants displayed less of a control effect on tobacco powdery mildew than wild type. The results from in vitro, spore germination, and greenhouse-pot studies demonstrated that antimicrobial lipopeptides especially bacillomycin D and fengycin may contribute to the prevention and control of tobacco powdery mildew. In addition, gene mutation related to lipopeptide synthesis can also affect the biofilm formation of strains.
Angiography-Based 4-Dimensional Superficial Wall Strain and Stress: A New Diagnostic Tool in the Catheterization Laboratory
Authors: Wu Xinlei , Ono Masafumi , Kawashima Hideyuki , Poon Eric K.W. , Torii Ryo , Shahzad Atif , Gao Chao , Wang Rutao , Barlis Peter , von Birgelen Clemens , Reiber Johan H.C. , Bourantas Christos V. , Tu Shengxian , Wijns William , Serruys Patrick W. , Onuma Yoshinobu
Published: June 2021

A novel method for four-dimensional superficial wall strain and stress (4D-SWS) is derived from the arterial motion as pictured by invasive coronary angiography. Compared with the conventional finite element analysis of cardiovascular biomechanics using the estimated pulsatile pressure, the 4D-SWS approach can calculate the dynamic mechanical state of the superficial wall in vivo, which could be directly linked with plaque rupture or stent fracture. The validation of this approach using in silico models showed that the distribution and maximum values of superficial wall stress were similar to those calculated by conventional finite element analysis. The in vivo deformation was validated on 16 coronary arteries, from the comparison of centerlines predicted by the 4D-SWS approach against the actual centerlines reconstructed from angiograms at a randomly selected time-point, which demonstrated a good agreement of the centerline morphology between both approaches (scaling: 0.995 ± 0.018 and dissimilarity: 0.007 ± 0.014). The in silico vessel models with softer plaque and larger plaque burden presented more variation in mean lumen diameter and resulted in higher superficial wall stress. In more than half of the patients (n = 16), the maximum superficial wall stress was found at the proximal lesion shoulder. Additionally, in three patients who later suffered from acute coronary syndrome, the culprit plaque rupture sites co-localized with the site of highest superficial wall stress on their baseline angiography. These representative cases suggest that angiography-based superficial wall dynamics have the potential to identify coronary segments at high-risk of plaque rupture and fracture sites of implanted stents. Ongoing studies are focusing on identifying weak spots in coronary bypass grafts, and on exploring the biomechanical mechanisms of coronary arterial remodeling and aneurysm formation. Future developments involve integration of fast computational techniques to allow online availability of superficial wall strain and stress in the catheterization laboratory.
Public Perception of the Fifth Generation of Cellular Networks (5G) on Social Media
Authors: Dashtipour Kia , Taylor William , Ansari Shuja , Gogate Mandar , Zahid Adnan , Sambo Yusuf , Hussain Amir , Abbasi Qammer H. , Imran Muhammad Ali
Published: June 2021

With the advancement of social media networks, there are lots of unlabeled reviews available online, therefore it is necessarily to develop automatic tools to classify these types of reviews. To utilize these reviews for user perception, there is a need for automated tools that can process online user data. In this paper, a sentiment analysis framework has been proposed to identify people’s perception towards mobile networks. The proposed framework consists of three basic steps: preprocessing, feature selection, and applying different machine learning algorithms. The performance of the framework has taken into account different feature combinations. The simulation results show that the best performance is by integrating unigram, bigram, and trigram features.
Paleo-Ecology of the Yedoma Ice Complex on Sobo-Sise Island (EasternLena Delta, Siberian Arctic)
Authors: Wetterich S. , Rudaya N. , Nazarova L. , Syrykh L. , Pavlova M. , Palagushkina O. , Kizyakov A. , Wolter J. , Kuznetsova T. , Aksenov A. , Stoof-Leichsenring K. R. , Schirrmeister L. , Fritz M.
Published: June 2021

Late Pleistocene permafrost of the Yedoma type constitutes a valuable paleo-environmental archive due to the presence of numerous and well-preserved floral and faunal fossils. The study of the fossil Yedoma inventory allows for qualitative and quantitative reconstructions of past ecosystem and climate conditions and variations over time. Here, we present the results of combined paleo-proxy studies including pollen, chironomid, diatom and mammal fossil analyses from a prominent Yedoma cliff on Sobo-Sise Island in the eastern Lena Delta, NE Siberia to complement previous and ongoing paleo-ecological research in western Beringia. The Yedoma Ice Complex (IC) cliff on Sobo-Sise Island (up to 28 m high, 1.7 km long) was continuously sampled at 0.5 m resolution. The entire sequence covers the last about 52 cal kyr BP, but is not continuous as it shows substantial hiatuses at 36–29 cal kyr BP, at 20–17 cal kyr BP and at 15–7 cal kyr BP. The Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 Yedoma IC (52–28 cal kyr BP) pollen spectra show typical features of tundra–steppe vegetation. Green algae remains indicate freshwater conditions. The chironomid assemblages vary considerably in abundance and diversity. Chironomid-based TJuly reconstructions during MIS 3 reveal warmer-than-today TJuly at about 51 cal kyr BP, 46-44 and 41 cal kyr BP. The MIS 2 Yedoma IC (28–15 cal kyr BP) pollen spectra represent tundra-steppe vegetation as during MIS 3, but higher abundance of Artemisia and lower abundances of algae remains indicate drier summer conditions. The chironomid records are poor. The MIS 1 (7–0 cal kyr BP) pollen spectra indicate shrub-tundra vegetation. The chironomid fauna is sparse and not diverse. The chironomid-based TJuly reconstruction supports similar-as-today temperatures at 6.4–4.4 cal kyr BP. Diatoms were recorded only after about 6.4 cal kyr BP. The Sobo-Sise Yedoma record preserves traces of the West Beringian tundra-steppe that maintained the Mammoth fauna including rare evidence for woolly rhinoceros’ presence. Chironomid-based TJuly reconstructions complement previous plant-macrofossil based TJuly of regional MIS 3 records. Our study from the eastern Lena Delta fits into and extends previous paleo-ecological Yedoma studies to characterize Beringian paleo-environments in the Laptev Sea coastal region.
Case Report: Sequential Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy Produce Sustained Response in Osteosarcoma With High Tumor Mutational Burden
Authors: Zheng Shuier , Wang Fenglin , Huang Jin , Zhou Yan , Yang Quanjun , Qian Guowei , Zhou Chenliang , Min Daliu , Song Lele , Shen Zan
Published: June 2021

Background

Immunotherapy has provided an effective method for the treatment of many cancers. However, its efficacy in osteosarcoma is not satisfactory so far.

Case Presentation

Here, we presented a case of osteosarcoma treated with sequential chemotherapy and immunotherapy and showed promising therapeutic potential. The 29-year-old female patient presented 9th rib osteosarcoma with suspected right lung lower lobe metastasis. Surgery was performed to remove the primary lesion, and a series of chemotherapies were given afterward in consideration of the response and tolerance. The right lung lower lobe metastasis was under control first but progressed (PD) 9 months after the initiation of therapy. The lesion was surgically removed and subsequent chemotherapy was implemented. The patient had good tolerance with chemotherapy and maintained well for approximately 11 months before the discovery of 11th rib and right lung upper lobe metastases. Surgery was then performed on both lesions and achieved complete response. Post-surgical brief chemotherapy and subsequent long-term immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) maintained continuous remission for 33 months. The patient survived for 60 months with well-controlled disease from the time of confirmed diagnosis. Genetic alterations of all primary and metastatic lesions were investigated by whole-exome sequencing (WES). Substantial similarity in mutational landscape between the primary lesion and 11th rib metastasis and between the two lung metastases were revealed, while substantial heterogeneity was found between the rib lesions and lung metastases. The tumor mutational burden (TMB) for the 9th rib primary lesion, the metastatic 11th rib lesion, and the metastatic right upper and lower lobe nodule tissues was 8.02, 2.38, 4.61, and 0.14 mutations/Mb, respectively. The primary lesion exhibited the most diverse copy number variation (CNV) changes among all lesions. Furthermore, pathway enrichment analysis also suggested significant heterogeneity among the lesions.

Conclusions

Surgery with sequential chemotherapy and maintenance immunotherapy was shown to have good response for the first time on osteosarcoma patient who had high TMB tumor lesions and good tolerance for chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
Case Report: Functional Analysis and Neuropsychological Evaluation of Dyshormonogenetic Fetal Goiter in Siblings Caused by Novel Compound Hyterozygous TPO Gene Mutations
Authors: Rodrigues Tania Maria Barreto , Silva Marlon Messias da Conceição , Freitas Magali Maciel , Duarte Zélia Maria Costa , Frutuoso Vitória Sousa , Rodrigues Mariana Teixeira , Rubio Ileana Gabriela Sanchez
Published: June 2021

Introduction

It is rare for a euthyroid mother to carry a child with a fetal goiter. However, cases of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) caused by thyroid dyshormonogenesis have been reported. Even though gene mutations associated with fetal goiter have been reported in a few studies, the effects on intellectual development have not been investigated. This study aimed to characterize and investigate the underlying genetic mechanism of CH and neuropsychological development and growth of two siblings with CH-induced fetal goiters.

Case report

Two male siblings from a non-consanguineous marriage with CH and fetal goiter were diagnosed by ultrasonography at 32- and 26-weeks of gestation. This condition was confirmed by cordocentesis in the first pregnancy (TSH: 135 μIU/ml). The mother was euthyroid, and no intra-amniotic levothyroxine treatment was performed. Peripheral blood DNA was screened for TPO mutations. The new deletion p.Cys296Alafs*21 and the p.Arg665Trp mutation, inherited from heterozygous parents, were identified in both patients. Functional analysis showed both mutations reduced the TPO enzyme activity and impaired the membrane localization. The p.Cys296Alafs*21 mutation produces a protein product with a drastically reduced molecular weight. Additionally, a complete clinical and neuropsychological evaluation was also performed. The WISC IV test was employed to provide an overall measure of the siblings’ cognitive and intellectual abilities. No growth retardation was detected in either child. In general, both children showed normal neuropsychological development; however, they exhibited slight reduction of Processing Speed Index scores, which are sensitive to neurological and attentional factors and motor maturation activity. Notably, the younger sibling obtained significantly low scores in the Operational Memory Index, a measure of attention capacity and psychoneurological immaturity.

Conclusion

We described a new TPO compound heterozygosity that severely impaired the TPO activity and membrane localization leading to severe CH and fetal goiter. This is the first report showing the neuropsychological evaluation in patients with dyshormonogenetic fetal goiter. More studies are needed to understand the neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonates with CH-induced fetal goiters.
Characteristics of Patients Reporting Presumed Problematic Drinking Behavior After Gastric Bypass: Exploring Long-Term Data From the BAROBS Study
Authors: Strømmen Magnus , Klöckner Christian Andreas , Bjerkan Kirsti Kverndokk , Græslie Hallvard , Hoff Dag Arne Lihaug , Johnsen Gjermund , Kulseng Bård , Mårvik Ronald , Nymo Siren , Sandvik Jorunn
Published: June 2021

Objective

To explore patients’ long-term experiences with drinking alcohol after Roux-n-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for conceptualizing what may indicate problematic drinking behavior after bariatric surgery.

Study Design

Three-center, observational study.

Patients

546 adult patients undergoing RYGB in the period 2003-2009 in Norway.

Main Outcome Measures

Self-reported data on drinking behavior and experiences related to alcohol collected 10-15 years after surgery.

Results

Out of the 959 patients undergoing RYGB in the period, 29 were diseased and 546 participated in this follow-up study (58.7%). Focusing on suspicious changes in drinking behavior, 8.8% reported drinking more, 11.5% consumed alcohol at least twice a week, and 10.6% consumed at a minimum of 6 units of alcohol at a frequency of at least once monthly. The nature of hangovers had changed for about a third of the patients, with 21.6% reporting these to feel weaker or absent. Repeated alcoholic blackouts were reported by 11.9%. A subgroup of the patients were categorized as displaying presumed problematic drinking behavior(PPDB). Among the PPDB-men there was a significant association to having had a fall last year (6 (100.0%) PPDB-patients vs. 30 (29.7%) non-PPDB, p<.001). Among the PPDB-women, there was a significant association to having had alcohol problems prior to surgery (7 (70.0%) PPDB-patients vs. 67 (17.7%) non-PPDB, p<.001). Less significant associations to PPDB reported for explorative purposes were lack of patient education (men) (16 (26.2%) PPDB-patients vs. 8 (61.5%) non-PPDB, p=.014); more than 3 months persistent musculoskeletal pain (women) (45 (15.3%) PPDB-patients vs. 29 (24.6%) non-PPDB, p=.026); subjective problems with memory (women) (58 (20.7%) PPDB-patients vs. 10 (9.1%) non-PPDB, p=.006); and, receiving professional help for mental problems last 12 months (women) (29 (22.7%) PPDB-patients vs. 45 (14.7%) non-PPDB, p=.043).

Conclusion

A subset of patients display drinking behaviors that may be consistent with postsurgical alcohol problems. Screening instruments like AUDIT may not be sufficiently specific to capture several risk behaviors occurring after bariatric surgery.
Case Report: A Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Childhood Growth Hormone Deficiency With Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Yang Shengmin , Ke Xiaoan , Liang Hanting , Li Ran , Zhu Huijuan
Published: June 2021

Background

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a developmental disorder in children characterized by low growth hormone (GH), short stature and unfavorable lipid profiles. Familial hypercholesteremia (FH) is an inborn disorder of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) metabolism which results in premature cardiovascular events. The co-occurrence of GHD and FH, which may aggravate the hypercholesteremic condition in the affected individuals, had rarely been discussed in previous publication.

Methods

This work reports two cases of GHD with FH, and explores the lipid profiles of GHD children and their therapeutic response to recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). The diagnosis of GHD is based on low peak GH level (<7 ng/mL) in GH provocation test. FH is diagnosed by high LDL-C level (≥ 4 mmol/L) and confirmed genetic mutations in the LDL-C metabolic pathway. We also searched all previously published metabolic studies on GHD children as of December 31, 2020. Information on their LDL-C, duration and dose of rhGH treatment were retrieved and summarized.

Results

The first case was a 5.3 year-old boy. His height was 103.6 cm (SDS = -2.29) and his peak GH in provocative test was 6.37 ng/mL. Additionally, his LDL-C was 4.80 mmol/L and he harbored a heterozygous mutation for the apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene (c.10579 C > T). The second case was a 9-year-old girl at the height of 117.3 cm (SDS = -2.91). Her GH peaked at 4.99 ng/mL in insulin-induced hypoglycemic test and 2.80 ng/mL in L-dopa test. Her LDL-C was 6.16 mmol/L, and she carried a mutated copy of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene (c.809 G > A). Literature review indicated that GHD children suffered from higher baseline LDL-C, but it was significantly reduced after rhGH treatment.

Conclusions

FH should be considered if a GHD child has remarkably elevated LDL-C that cannot be attributed to low GH level alone. Genetic mutations in the LDL-C metabolic pathway prevent the body from effectively metabolizing lipids, thereby resulting in early-onset hypercholesteremia and probably playing a negative role in children’s growth.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators: A Potential Option For Non-Binary Gender-Affirming Hormonal Care?
Authors: Xu Jane Y. , O’Connell Michele A. , Notini Lauren , Cheung Ada S. , Zwickl Sav , Pang Ken C.
Published: June 2021

Gender dysphoria describes the distress associated with having a gender identity that differs from one’s birth-assigned sex. To relieve this distress, transgender, and gender diverse (henceforth, trans) individuals commonly undergo medical transition involving hormonal treatments. Current hormonal treatment guidelines cater almost exclusively for those who wish to transition from male to female or vice versa. In contrast, there is a dearth of hormonal options for those trans individuals who identify as non-binary and seek an androgynous appearance that is neither overtly male nor female. Though prolonged puberty suppression with gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) could in theory be gender-affirming by preventing the development of unwanted secondary sex characteristics, this treatment option would be limited to pre- or peri-pubertal adolescents and likely have harmful effects. Here, we discuss the theoretical use of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) for non-binary people assigned male at birth (AMAB) who are seeking an androgynous appearance through partial feminization without breast growth. Given their unique range of pharmacodynamic effects, SERMs may represent a potential gender-affirming treatment for this population, but there is a lack of knowledge regarding their use and potentially adverse effects in this context.
The Effects of Cardiometabolic Factors on the Association Between Serum Uric Acid and Chronic Kidney Disease in Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Population: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: Xu Lu , Sun Hang , Liu Lili , Zhan Siyan , Wang Shengfeng , Lv Xiaozhen , Song Yongfeng
Published: June 2021

Introduction

To explore whether dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia or hypertension has mediating effect on the association between serum uric acid (SUA) and the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods

We conducted a mediation analysis to explore the potential mediating effects of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) on the association between SUA and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The data were obtained from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), covering 5,762 individuals.

Results

SUA had a negative dose-response total effect on eGFR (β -3.11, 95% CI -3.40 to -2.82, P-value<0.001). The linear regression between SUA and seven potential mediators indicated that blood glucose (β 0.80, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.42, P-value=0.012), TG (β 10.01, 95% CI 8.22 to 11.79, P-value<0.001), TC (β 2.64, 95% CI 1.83 to 3.45, P-value<0.001), HDL-C (β -0.27, 95% CI -0.52 to -0.02, P-value=0.034) and LDL-C (β 1.15, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.80, P-value=0.001) all had significant dose-response association with SUA, but SBP and DBP showed no significant association with SUA. In terms of the association between potential mediators and eGFR, only TG (β 0.003, 95% CI -0.001 to 0.01, P-value=0.117) and HDL-C (β 0.01, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.04, P-value=0.444) did not have significant linear association with eGFR. The linear regression showed that SUA was directly associated with eGFR (P-value<0.001).

Conclusions

This study supported that the association between SUA and the risk of CKD was not mediated by hypertension, hyperglycemia or dyslipidemia.