bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF COLLABORATIVE INNOVATION BEHAVIOR OF MEGAPROJECT PARTICIPANTS UNDER THE REWARD AND PUNISHMENT MECHANISM
Authors: Liu Nana , Zhou Guohua
Published: August 2022

Megaprojects are characterized by significant environmental uncertainty and technical complexity, which bring great challenges to engineering construction. Cross-organizational collaborative innovation is an important way to solve these problems. As the main body that understands the difficulties of the construction site and uses innovative products, the participation of megaproject participants is not only conducive to increasing innovation efficiency but also conducive to the application and promotion of innovative achievements. The collaborative innovation behavior of the participants in megaprojects under the reward and punishment incentive mechanism was studied. A game model between different participants was built by combining evolutionary game theory with prospect theory. Then, the dynamic evolution process of the collaborative innovation strategy of participants was analyzed, and the main factors affecting the evolutionary stability strategy of collaborative innovation through numerical simulation were examined. The research results indicate that reward and punishment incentives of collaborative innovation can encourage participants to choose the evolutionary stability strategy of participating in collaborative innovation from both objective and subjective aspects. Factors, such as the cost of participating, the synergy coefficient, the proportion of collaborative revenue distribution, and risk preference, can influence participants’ willingness to engage in collaborative innovation to different degrees.
EVALUATION OF SOME GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSIONS FROM LANDFILL MODELS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
Authors: Mohammadi Kamyab
Published: August 2022

Major greenhouse gases emissions (GHGs) that cause diseases and global warming evaporate from waste disposal in landfills. For this reason waste management skills in landfills have to be revised, otherwise the magnitude of ozone layer will decrease even more and the global warming consequences will get more obviously on the environmental scale. The resent situation on waste disposal and GHGs from European Union landfills were analyzed in this article. According to survey made in one Lithuanian landfill, the average amount of municipal biodegradable waste is 58%. The research study describes current GHGs emissions quantitative analysis from five laboratory scale municipal solid waste landfill models with different conditions. Conditions in all columns were differed by changing the inlet and outlet flows of air, water/leachate, and probiotics. The object of research is the accumulation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and oxygen (O2) from municipal solid waste landfill models. After analysis and assessment of emitted GHG’s from the municipal solid waste landfill models, the landfill model with the lowest emissions was identified. Suitable landfill model’s condition parameters helps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and shorten landfill aftercare period.
Reconstructing the Assembly of Massive Galaxies. I. The Importance of the Progenitor Effect in the Observed Properties of Quiescent Galaxies at z ≈ 2
Authors: Ji Zhiyuan , Giavalisco Mauro
Published: August 2022

We study the relationship between the morphology and star formation history (SFH) of 361 quiescent galaxies (QGs) at redshift 〈z
obs〉 ≈ 2, with stellar mass

log

M

*

≥
10.3

, selected with the UVJ technique. Taking advantage of panchromatic photometry covering the rest-frame UV-to-NIR spectral range ( ≈40 bands), we reconstruct the nonparametric SFH of the galaxies with the fully Bayesian SED fitting code Prospector. We find that the half-light radius R

e
, observed at z
obs, depends on the formation redshift of the galaxies, z
form, and that this relationship depends on M
*. At

log

M

*

<
11

, the relationship is consistent with

R

e

∝

1
+

z

form

−
1

, in line with the expectation that the galaxies’ central density depends on the cosmic density at the time of their formation, i.e., the “progenitor effect.” At

log

M

*

>
11

, the relationship between R

e
and z
form flattens, suggesting that mergers become increasingly important for the size growth of more massive galaxies after they quenched. We also find that the relationship between z
form and galaxy compactness similarly depends on M
*. While no clear trend is observed for QGs with

log

M

*

>
11

, lower-mass QGs that formed earlier, i.e., with larger z
form, have larger central stellar-mass surface densities, both within the R

e
(Σ
e
) and central 1 kpc (Σ1 kpc), and also larger M
1 kpc/M
*, the fractional mass within the central 1 kpc. These trends between z
form and compactness, however, essentially disappear if the progenitor effect is removed by normalizing the stellar density with the cosmic density at z
form. Our findings highlight the importance of reconstructing the SFH of galaxies before attempting to infer their intrinsic structural evolution.
Misaligned Circumbinary Disks as Efficient Progenitors of Interstellar Asteroids
Authors: Childs Anna C. , Martin Rebecca G.
Published: August 2022

Gaseous circumbinary disks (CBDs) that are highly inclined to the binary orbit are commonly observed in nature. These disks harbor particles that can reach large mutual inclinations as a result of nodal precession once the gas disk has dissipated. With n-body simulations that include fragmentation we demonstrate that misaligned disks of particles can be efficient progenitors of interstellar asteroids (ISAs). Collisions that take place between particles with large mutual inclinations have large impact velocities, which can result in mass ejection, with a wide range of fragment sizes and ejection velocities. We explore the binary parameters for which the majority of the terrestrial planet-forming material is ejected rather than accreted into planets. The misalignment required to eject significant material decreases with binary eccentricity. If the distribution of binary eccentricity is uniform and the initial particle CBD orientation relative to the binary orbit is isotropic, about 59% of binaries are more likely to eject the majority of their CBD terrestrial planet disk mass through high-velocity body–body collisions than to retain this material and build terrestrial planets. However, binary–disk interactions during the gas disk phase with nonzero disk viscosity will reduce this fraction. The composition, small size, highly elongated shape, and tumbling motion of ‘Oumuamua are consistent with ISAs generated by misaligned CBDs.
Search for Extended Sources in the Images from Chandra X-Ray Observatory Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer
Authors: Volkov Igor , Kargaltsev Oleg
Published: August 2022

We present a convenient tool (ChaSES) which allows to search for extended structures in Chandra X-ray Observatory Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer images. The tool relies on DBSCAN clustering algorithm to detect regions with overdensity of photons compared to the background. Here we describe the design and functionality of the tool which we make publicly available on GitHub. We also provide online extensive examples of its applications to the real data.
Cost-Effectiveness of Ticagrelor for Acute Coronary Disease to Prevent Cardiovascular Events in Three Hospitals in Indonesia
Authors: At Thobari Jarir , Krisdinarti Lucia , Nugroho Dhite , Haposan Jonathan , Firdaus Isman , Suryandani Rr. Arum Ramadhyan , Munawar Muhammad , Agung Jimmy
Published: August 2022

Background: Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are life-threatening CVD associated with Indonesia's significant health and economic burdens. The study objective was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of ticagrelor in reducing CV endpoint in the Indonesia setting.
Methods: Markov model was used as a decision analysis to compare ticagrelor with clopidogrel. We constructed decision tree model included four health conditions (no additional events, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and any cause death), The probability of each state and quality-adjusted life years were derived from the PLATO trial and Indonesia life table. The outcome's resource consumption and associated costs were collected from three hospitals (public, national referral, and private hospitals) in Indonesia. The study used 5 years and lifetime horizon and discounting rate of 3%.
Results: The incremental QALYs and life-year gained (LYG) of ticagrelor in five years was 0.0410 and 0.0462, respectively; in a lifetime was 0.0828, and 0.0947, respectively. The ICER per QALY of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in private, national referral, and public hospitals was USD 2390.276, USD 3813.638, USD 1278.361, respectively for five years; and USD 2471.392, USD 5453.987, USD 2343.269, respectively for a lifetime. The probability of ticagrelor to be cost-effective was about 66.6% on a five-year and 99.7% on a lifetime with WTP USD 3634.
Conclusion: Compared to the clopidogrel, QALYs and life-year gained of use ticagrelor higher. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio in five years and lifetime model showed under one-time GDP, it means the use of ticagrelor was vastly cost-effective and acceptable to apply in the Indonesian clinical setting.
Stop paying to be published Open Access - a French perspective
Authors: Pourret Olivier
Published: August 2022

Commentary on open access
Re-circumscription of the mimosoid genus Entada including new combinations for all species of the phylogenetically nested Elephantorrhiza (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade)
Authors: O’Donnell Shawn A. , Ringelberg Jens J. , Lewis Gwilym P.
Published: August 2022

Recent phylogenomic analyses of 997 nuclear genes support the long-held view that the genus Entada is congeneric with Elephantorrhiza. Entada is resolved as monophyletic only if the genus Elephantorrhiza is subsumed within it. The two genera were distinguished solely by relatively minor differences in the mode of dehiscence of the fruits (a craspedium separating into one-seeded endocarp segments in Entada versus a craspedium with the whole fruit valve breaking away from the persistent replum in Elephantorrhiza) and the craspedial fruit type itself provides a shared synapomorphy for the re-circumscribed Entada. Here, we provide a synopsis of Entada, including 11 new combinations in total, for the eight species, one subspecies and one variety previously placed in Elephantorrhiza, as well as a new combination for a subspecies of Entada rheedei Spreng. not previously dealt with when Entada pursaetha DC. was placed in synonymy. These new combinations are: Entada burkei (Benth.) S.A. O’Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entada elephantina (Burch.) S.A. O’Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entada goetzei (Harms) S.A. O’Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entada goetzei subsp. lata (Brenan & Brummitt) S.A. O’Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entada obliqua (Burtt Davy) S.A. O’Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entada praetermissa (J.H. Ross) S.A. O’Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entada rangei (Harms) S.A. O’Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entada rheedei subsp. sinohimalensis (Grierson & D.G. Long) S.A. O’Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entada schinziana (Dinter) S.A. O’Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entada woodii (E. Phillips) S.A. O’Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; and Entada woodii var. pubescens (E. Phillips) S.A. O’Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov. We provide a revised circumscription of the genus Entada which now comprises 40 species distributed pantropically, with the greatest diversity of species in tropical Africa. We present a complete taxonomic synopsis, including a map showing the global distribution of the genus and photographs showing variation amongst species in habit, foliage, flowers and fruits. A short discussion about extrafloral nectaries, mainly observed in the Madagascan species, is presented.
Disease Flare of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Patients With Endstage Renal Disease on Dialysis
Authors: Kim Young-Eun , Choi Su Jin , Lim Doo-Ho , Kim Hyosang , Ahn Soo Min , Oh Ji Seon , Kim Yong-Gil , Lee Chang-Keun , Yoo Bin , Hong Seokchan
Published: August 2022

Objective

Although systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity diminishes after starting dialysis, flares have been documented during dialysis. Hence, we studied the various clinical and therapeutic variables of patients with SLE who had a disease flare while on dialysis.

Methods

The medical records of patients with SLE who received dialysis at 2 tertiary referral hospitals in South Korea were reviewed. The disease activity was analyzed in terms of the nonrenal SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), and the factors associated with SLE flares were evaluated.

Results

Of the total of 121 patients with SLE on dialysis, 96 (79.3%) were on hemodialysis (HD) and 25 (20.7%) were on peritoneal dialysis (PD). During a median follow-up of 45 months (IQR 23-120) after the initiation of dialysis, 32 (26.4%) patients experienced an SLE flare (HD, n = 25; PD, n = 7). The most common features of SLE flare were hematologic (40.6%; thrombocytopenia [31.2%] and leukopenia [21.8%]) and constitutional manifestations (40.6%). Fever was the most common (34.3%) feature among the constitutional symptoms. Treatments for disease flares were based on corticosteroids, and 11 (34.3%) patients required additional immunosuppressants, including cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate mofetil. Nonrenal SLEDAI score before dialysis initiation (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.12-1.36;P= 0.001) was a significant risk factor for disease flare during dialysis.

Conclusion

More than a quarter of the patients with SLE experienced a disease flare during dialysis, which most commonly had hematologic manifestations, particularly thrombocytopenia. Continued follow-up and appropriate treatments, including immunosuppressants, should be considered for patients with SLE receiving dialysis.
University Student Health Services, Local Experience, and Emerging Needs: Bridging the Past With the Future
Authors: Thireos Eleftherios , Markaki Adelais , Symvoulakis Emmanouil K. , Lionis Christos
Published: August 2022

University students' health and well-being is critical, especially in the aftermath of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic; however, a comprehensive and integrated approach in academic institutions remains neglected. In this context, the local experience from a pilot university-based Student Health Center at an urban campus in Greece is presented. Select health promotion and disease prevention screening and monitoring initiatives are summarized from the viewpoint of a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats analysis, with emerging health needs and policy implications. Long-term sustainability is feasible, only if synergies and close collaboration with other university units and local health authorities are developed. A post-pandemic call to action for intervention programs that integrate physical and mental health care, as well as raise awareness among university stakeholders and health policy makers, is issued. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 61
(3), 27–31.]
Modified function projective synchronization of master-slave neural networks with mixed interval time-varying delays via intermittent feedback control
Authors: Srisuntorn Rakkiet , Weera Wajaree , Botmart Thongchai
Published: August 2022

The modified function projective synchronization problem for master-slave neural networks with mixed interval time-varying delays is presented using periodically intermittent feedback control. The interval distributed time-varying delay including the lower and upper bound is comprehensively established, which developed from the previous work. The following techniques are utilize to analyze the appropriate criteria for the modified function projective synchronization problem for master-slave neural networks with mixed interval time-varying delays such as the construction of appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals merged with Newton-Leibniz formulation method, the intermittent feedback control technique, the reciprocally convex technique's lower bound lemma, Jensen's inequality, and the piecewise analytic method. The sufficient criteria for the modified function projective synchronization of the error system between the master and slave neural networks with intermittent feedback control are first established in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The designed controller ensures that the synchronization of the error systems are proposed via intermittent feedback control. Finally, numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
On irresolute multifunctions and related topological games
Authors: Ghanem Sewalem , El Atik Abdelfattah A.
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we introduce and study $ \alpha $-irresolute multifunctions, and some of their properties are studied. The properties of $ \alpha $-compactness and $ \alpha $-normality under upper $ \alpha $-irresolute multifunctions are topological properties. Also, we prove that the composition of two upper and lower $ \alpha $-irresolute multifunctions is $ \alpha $-irresolute. We apply the results of $ \alpha $-irresolute multifunctions to topological games. Upper and lower topological games are introduced. The set of places for player ONE in upper topological games may guarantee a gain is semi-closed. Finally, some optimal strategies for topological games are defined and studied.
Existence and continuous dependence of solutions for equilibrium configurations of cantilever beam
Authors: Suechoei Apassara , Ngiamsunthorn Parinya Sa , Chatanin Waraporn , Chucheepsakul Somchai , Athisakul Chainarong , Songsanga Danuruj , Songsuwan Nuttanon
Published: August 2022

This article explores the equilibrium configurations of a cantilever beam described by the minimizer of a generalized total energy functional. We reformulate the problem as a boundary value problem using the Euler-Lagrange condition and investigate the existence and uniqueness of minimizers. Furthermore, we discuss the dependence of solutions on the parameters of the boundary value problems. In addition, the Adomian decomposition method is derived for approximating the solution in terms of series. Finally, numerical results for the equilibrium configurations of cantilever beams are presented to support our theoretical analysis.
Machine Learning for Ecological Sustainability
Authors: Pendyala Vishnu S. , Podali Saritha
Published: August 2022

Among the most pressing issues in the world today is the impact of globalization and energy consumption on the environment. Despite the growing regulatory framework to prevent ecological degradation, sustainability continues to be a problem. Machine learning can help with the transition toward a net-zero carbon society. Substantial work has been done in this direction. Changing electrical systems, transportation, buildings, industry, and land use are all necessary to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Considering the carbon footprint aspect of sustainability, this chapter provides a detailed overview of how machine learning can be applied to forge a path to ecological sustainability in each of these areas. The chapter highlights how various machine learning algorithms are used to increase the use of renewable energy, efficient transportation, and waste management systems to reduce the carbon footprint. The authors summarize the findings from the current research literature and conclude by providing a few future directions.
Semantic Tagging of Events in Video Using HNN
Authors: Saxena Parul , Jadon R. S.
Published: August 2022

This chapter describes the semantic tagging of events in videos using an effective combination of machine learning and neural network. Hybrid neural network architecture is proposed to consider the object features generated for each video and combine them with the LSTM model running over the label. The entire system is highly efficient for training and learning as the training dataset is optimized by applying multiple machine learning techniques. Experiments were done on the KTH dataset. Results show that the approach used gives 97% accuracy for the KTH dataset.
The Role of Big Data Analysis and Machine Learning in Marketing Communications
Authors: Ayci Ali , Tyagi Shivam
Published: August 2022

Technological and commercial developments in the 21st century have increased the demands and expectations of consumers. Big data analysis and machine learning can play a critical role in establishing healthy communication. The insights obtained from big data analysis and ML models can help in making marketing communication more personalized and useful to customers. In this chapter, the authors present an exploratory analysis of the role of big data and ML in the marketing communication of enterprises. For this, Amazon, which provides big data analysis infrastructures to other businesses which are big data users, is being researched as a case study. This study is one of the first studies in the literature to examine the significance of big data and ML in marketing communication and investigate the obstacles encountered when using them. The insights presented in this chapter will help professionals in the marketing communication domain to better understand how they can utilize big data and ML models to make a significant impact on their customers and sales.
Deep Learning-Based AI Modeling, Intrusion Detection
Authors: Choudhury Madhab Paul , Choudhury Madhab Paul , Azad Chandrashekhar
Published: August 2022

Machine learning techniques are being used to create an intrusion detection system (IDS) for detecting and classifying cyber-attacks at the network-level and the host-level in a timely manner. Various datasets are available for research by cyber security researchers. However, no previous study has shown the detailed analysis of the performance of various machine learning algorithms on various available datasets. As the nature of malware is changing dynamically with the changing attacking methods, the detailed analysis of the available data sets is necessary to find out the cause of the malware datasets, and accordingly, necessary steps can be executed for maintaining the security of the network. A deep neural network (DNN) is being explored to develop an effective intrusion detection system. The optimal network parameters and network topologies for DNNs are chosen through the following hyper parameter selection methods with KDD Cup 99 dataset. The DNN model can be applied on KDD Cup 99 and on other datasets also such as NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, Kyoto to conduct the experiment.
Medical Image Encryption Using Distance-Based Biokey Generation
Authors: Rajangam Vijayarajan , Kumar Shani S. , Narayanan Sathiya , N. Sangeetha , R. Avudaiammal
Published: August 2022

As the internet of things and cloud computing create new technological revolutions in the field of healthcare, the issues such as security, privacy, authentication, the integrity of patient data, and medical images become sensitive. This chapter proposes a cryptographic technique for the secure storage of medical images based on biometric key generation. Cryptographic algorithms can be used to enhance the security of cloud storage systems. The proposed biometric-based encryption scheme takes the advantage of biometric features of the fingerprint and iris of the user to meet the desired security characteristics. A 256-bit bio-key is generated based on the distance between the fingerprint features and used in the advanced encryption standard (AES) for image encryption. The experiments conducted on the set of medical images also prove the effectiveness and security aspects of the proposed biometric key-based image encryption. The encryption method is also tested on the set of medical images and compared with other encryption schemes.
Digitalization Policy and Practice Towards the Comprehensive and Sustainable Green Growth of the Industrial Sector With Special Reference to the Indian Economy
Authors: K. Sivasubramanian , R. Madhusudhanan , K. P. Jaheer Mukthar , M. M. Nirmala
Published: August 2022

This chapter highlights the significance of digital policy framework and the practice carried out by the manufacturing industrial sector in India for the sustainable green growth during the digitalization era. The Industry 4.0 has been put forward for an innovative path for industrial rebellion that would support the industry through connectivity, automation, robotics, and machine learning. In this juncture, the industry has to adopt the various technology which brings the comprehensive and sustainable green growth through digitalization in their production process. This chapter follows the descriptive research method through the conceptual framework of the various existing related works done at the national and international levels. A well-defined and comprehensive degree of literature has been collected and structured on the basis of significance of the study. On the whole, the study reveals that the digitalization supports the industries to reduce the emission and maximizes output and profitability of the manufacturing sector with sustainability.
Cross-Cultural Communication in the Digital Business Environment
Authors: Patro Chandra Sekhar
Published: August 2022

In the digital era, cross-cultural communication in the business environment has become more widespread than ever before. Many organizations have spread their business units overseas not only to strengthen their financial status but also to establish a strong business network worldwide. Cultural awareness shapes the behaviour of business organizations in cross-culturally reflected international markets. Therefore, understanding cultural differences is one of the significant skills for organizations to develop to have a competitive advantage in international business. Digital technologies are changing the business environments through which they interact with their clients. The chapter articulates the changing business environment and the need for cross-cultural communication in the digital environment. The influence of globalization on cross-cultural communication, adoption of various communicative strategies, cultural impacts, issues faced by global managers, overcoming barriers to cultural adaptations, and key areas influencing adoption of digital communication are assessed.
The External Costs of Road Transport
Authors: Ustaoglu Eda , Aydınoglu Arif Cagdas
Published: August 2022

This chapter focuses on the estimation of marginal and total external costs of road transportation in Turkey in terms of accidents, air pollution, climate change, noise, and traffic congestion. The study estimates marginal external costs for cars, light commercial vehicles (LCVs), heavy duty vehicles (HDVs), busses, and motorcycles, which comprise total vehicle fleet stock of the Turkish road transport sector. The researchers reviewed the literature of both local and international studies for the quantification and monetisation of the specified external costs of road transport. This will provide a base for the future studies on Turkish transport research and transport policy appraisal guidelines. The authors conclude that accidents are the most important externality of road use and that local air pollution and congestion appear to be more important than noise and climate change. This implies that priority should be given to road accidents, air pollution, and congestion alongside noise and global warming.
Titane Tracking Violence With Cyborg Women
Authors: Özdemir Berceste Gülçin
Published: August 2022

In the film, which attempts to make sense of the inner world of a young woman named Adrien, the aspect of violence is elevated to the central theme. The audience's perspective on the main character, concerns of identification with her, and the main female protagonist's cyborg status are all discussed in conjunction with the patriarchal world order. The study's fundamental themes are drawn from Donna Haraway's Cyborg Manifesto (1991). The study raises questions on discussions about the role of violence in film narratives by referencing these discourses and the opinions of sociologist and political science theoreticians.
Leave Me Alone!
Authors: Ramdeo Shalini , Singh Riann
Published: August 2022

The contemporary work environment is plagued with many problems. Two such issues are the occurrence of sexual harassment and workplace bullying. These pervasive behaviors continue to proliferate, with attempts to curtail such acts from occurring. Interestingly, when employees are subjected to bullying tactics that are sexual and/or gender-related in nature, sexual bullying is occurring. This classification is novel in its application to the workplace setting. The authors seek to shed light on the issue, as within the workplace setting understanding this phenomenon is at an embryotic stage. This chapter considers the key elements of workplace bullying, sexual harassment, and conceptualizes sexual bullying. The possible consequences of sexual bullying on employees and the organization are explored. Further, victims of sexual bullying who are targets of cyberbullying is another consideration worthy of exploration. Possible solutions and recommendations are advanced as are areas for further research.
Reflections of Sexual Harassment on Psychology and Media
Authors: Çıvgın Umut
Published: August 2022

In this chapter, the aim is to discuss what sexual harassment is, theoretical models based on sexual harassment, social and individual effects of sexual harassment, and the place of sexual harassment in the media. This chapter consists of three main sections. Firstly, sexual harassment is defined, and the theoretical models related to sexual harassment, gender differences in sexual harassment, and world statistics on sexual harassment are introduced. In the second part, the effects of sexual harassment on the society and the individual are examined from the perspective of psychology. In addition, the psychological consequences of sexual harassment at the individual level are examined from the perspective of clinical psychology. The last section covers the impact and visibility of sexual harassment on the media and the social media visibility examples of sexual harassment.
Bullying Towards Body Image During Adolescence
Authors: Özyazıcı Kadriye
Published: August 2022

In this chapter, children who are bullied about body image during adolescence are discussed. Adolescent bullying, body image and body dissatisfaction, appearance-related bullying among peers, body image bullying as a mediator of sociocultural effects, body image bullying as a mediator of media effects, results of peer bullying related to body image in adolescents, and solutions and suggestions are presented. Having difficulty in adapting to the physical changes that come with development, the adolescent also faces bullying caused by environmental stress factors and needs to regulate their relations with their peers. During this difficult period of development, it becomes more important to understand the stressors that result from closely changing the adolescent in the way of supporting them socially. Bullying and negative perception of body image is becoming more common. It poses a major threat to the well-being and health of adolescents worldwide. Therefore, this chapter aims to explain body image bullying towards adolescents.
Cyberbullying on Chinese Social Media
Authors: Liu Jin , Wang Caiwei , Chen Yinyu , Peng Yuantao , Guo Jingyi , Prieler Michael
Published: August 2022

The rapid development of information and communication technologies contributes to the growth of social media channels, which also bring some problems such as cyberbullying. Previous studies have analyzed the prevalence and consequences of cyberbullying and the detection and prevention of it. However, little research pays attention to cyberbullying on Chinese social media. This research uses the content analysis method to analyze cyberbullying on one of the biggest social media platforms in China, Weibo, focusing on language features and factors that influence the frequency of cyberbullying language in comments on key opinion leaders' (KOLs) posts. The findings reveal that most cyberbullying language on Weibo appears in the form of mildly offensive or ordinary words with special meanings and offensive references, rather than directly offensive words. In addition, this research found that KOL type and post content type interact to affect the frequency of cyberbullying language on Weibo. Overall, this research has made a valuable contribution to cyberbullying research.
Bullying Among Healthcare Workers
Authors: Tonbuloğlu Altıner Özge , Ugraş Dikmen Asiye
Published: August 2022

In this chapter, the authors comprehensively evaluate the phenomenon of bullying among healthcare workers, along with its prevalence, causes, and consequences. Bullying, which tends to become widespread in society, also seriously affects health institutions and healthcare workers. The high prevalence of bullying in the healthcare sector indicates that it is a problem that needs to be taken into account in organizational life. It is known that bullying in healthcare workers negatively affects both organizations and the victim. Bullying in the healthcare sector has a negative impact not only on the professional and personal lives of healthcare professionals, but also on the quality and scope of patient care provided. Therefore, it is important for authorities to review manpower, workplace design, policies, and organizational structures to identify factors that encourage bullying. In order to control this social phenomenon, there is a need to raise awareness about workplace bullying and to develop and implement prevention programs.
Bullying Due to Dentofacial Features and Its Relationship With Quality of Life in View of Oral Health
Authors: Karamüftüoğlu Nevra
Published: August 2022

Bullying is defined as the aggressive behavior or intentional harm to which an individual is repeatedly subjected in a relationship characterized by instability, usually triggered by social, religious, and physical characteristics that distinguish the victim from other members of the group. Deviation from normal dentofacial aesthetics leads to increased incidences of bullying in children and teenagers with a reported worldwide prevalence of 5% to 58%, causing both physiological and psychological harm with both long-term and short-term effects, affecting an individual's psychosocial status and causing social disadvantage. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the effect of dentofacial deviations on bullying and quality of line in view of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) matrix and highlight the importance of informing the public via public health policies, anti-bullying policies in schools, and dental professionals as they are likely to have bullied patients among their clients.
Sexual Harassment in Health Institutions in Turkey
Authors: Ulusoy Hatice , Sarıçoban Sinem
Published: August 2022

Sexual harassment is a concept that has become a growing concern globally as it occurs in all areas of life and also in the workplace. In the workplace it is described as any undesirable sexual behavior that is perceived as a threat, border violation, and attack by the exposed person, negatively affecting the employee's ability to do his/her job. This problem disproportionately affects women and can negatively affect their economic and career outcomes. Studies show that sexual harassment cases in health institutions are quite pervasive. Studies examining the sexual harassment of nurses in Turkey determined that the rate of exposure to sexual harassment ranged from 1.5% to 75%. Sexual harassment incidents in health institutions usually occur by relatives of patients, patients, physicians, other healthcare professionals, and colleagues. In this chapter, the definitions, causes, frequency, effects, and consequences of sexual harassment will be discussed.
Physical Bullying Towards Children
Authors: Kanak Mehmet , Pekdoğan Serpil
Published: August 2022

Physical abuse is the state of harming the child's body by the people around him. Scars of unknown cause, traces resulting from burning, spots due to impact on any part of the body, traces caused by a bite by another person, bruises and stains caused by squeezing with any tool, burns and scars caused by smoking cigarettes on the victim reflect physical abuse. Problems such as rumination disorders, problems in socialization, lack of self-respect, depression, fear of all situations, withdrawal behaviors, incompatibility, colic, problems in mental perception processes, and decreased academic achievement are observed in these children.
Bullying in Schools
Authors: Şirin Hülya
Published: August 2022

Schools are indispensable institutions of society. Necessary measures should be taken to ensure that children can continue their education in safety in schools that concern almost all society. For this reason, the importance given to school health and safety is increasing day by day. Bullying is an important problem that threatens school health and safety and negatively affects the physical, emotional, and spiritual development of the individual. Schools constitute the most important environment where children with different cultural, social, economic, physical, and emotional characteristics come together. Bullying negatively affects the development of children. For this reason, bullying at school should be handled in every aspect, and school policies should be established to prevent it.
A New Problem Emerging With the Internet and Digital Media
Authors: Söyleyici Gülin Tuğçe , Kalkan Adnan
Published: August 2022

Today, with the developing technology, online social media and social network have emerged as a cultural reality. With the increase in the use of digital media, in the modern age where the real world and the virtual world can be experienced in a synchronized way, digital media offers many opportunities. However, the increase in the time spent on the internet also brings with it undesirable situations such as cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is an act of cyber aggression aimed at harassing or humiliating. Cyberbullying is the behavior that disrupts the social relations of those chosen as victims and aims to arouse negative emotions. Understanding how cyberbullying occurs is very important for the development of strategies to prevent and respond to this attack. In this chapter, the concepts of cyber violence, cyber bullying, traditional bullying, and cyber victimization are explained.
Disaster Risk Communication and the Zero-Casualty Goal of Albay Province, Philippines
Authors: Naz Gremil Alessandro Alcazar , Malonzo Arvin G. , Salvador Jr. Benito L. , Daep Cedric D.
Published: August 2022

The province of Albay in the Philippines is highly vulnerable to climatic and geologic hazards, but it has largely achieved its zero-casualty goal for the past two decades. In recognition of this achievement, the province has garnered numerous awards from international and national organizations. Past studies have identified Albay's success factors, but the role of communication has been overlooked. Thus, this research discusses the communication projects and protocols of Albay on disaster management. Data were obtained from interviews of key informants and examination of official documents. Results showed that the province's communication activities are assigned to specific persons, embedded in an early warning system, enacted using multiple media, supported by multiple stakeholders, and implemented under a strict protocol. These make Albay's disaster communication practices effective in attaining its zero-casualty goal during disasters.
Communication Crisis Management of the Public Security Policy
Authors: Andrade José Gabriel , Ferreira Nuno Jorge de Lima
Published: August 2022

This chapter discusses crisis communication management in the Portuguese public security police digital landscape, mainly focused on social media. This is an exploratory investigation it is intended to understand how crisis communication management methodologies in the digital environment can be applied in police intervention, so its legitimacy is reinforced. The study is divided into two parts, the literature review, and the empirical research. The data was gathered together through an interview survey, with the participation of four public security police officers and four investigators. The interviews were transcribed, and their content was analyzed. In an emergency situation, most of the actions are communication activities, so its management in the digital landscape—above all social media—is critical for the police success, as an institution under strong scrutiny and whose actions depend on the citizen cooperation. Communication is essential for building reputation and should be used in threats to legitimacy, and as a tool for reaching out to the community.
Emergency Management and Communication Improvements
Authors: Kerr Selina E.M.
Published: August 2022

“Active shooter” events are amongst the most dangerous an educational institution can face. Planning for emergencies like this can, to some extent, mitigate the level of harm faced. Using the two cases of shootings at Columbine High School and Virginia Tech University, this chapter exemplifies how these incidents highlighted flaws in emergency management planning, training, and communication. Also discussed are the advances in law enforcement tactics following the Columbine shooting. The policy responses to improve emergency management planning, training, and communication are discussed. The work of school safety foundation, I Love U Guys, and smartphone application, LiveSafe, is detailed in relation to ongoing developments in planning for emergencies and communicating threats to the affected populations.
Mobile Technologies in Disaster Healthcare
Authors: Madanian Samaneh , Abbas Reem Abubakr , Norris Tony , Parry Dave
Published: August 2022

The increasing penetration of smartphones and their ability to host mobile technologies have shown valuable outcomes in disaster management; albeit, their application in disaster medicine remains limited. In this chapter, the authors explore the role of mobile technologies for clinical applications and communication and information exchange during disasters. The chapter synthesizes the literature on disaster healthcare and mobile technologies before, during, and after disasters discusses technological and operational aspects. They conclude by discussing limitations in the field and prospects for the future.
Towards Combating Pandemic-Related Misinformation in Social Media
Authors: Inuwa-Dutse Isa
Published: August 2022

Conventional preventive measures during pandemics include social distancing and lockdown. Such measures in the time of social media brought about a new set of challenges – vulnerability to the toxic impact of online misinformation is high. A case in point is COVID-19. As the virus propagates, so does the associated misinformation and fake news about it leading to an infodemic. Since the outbreak, there has been a surge of studies investigating various aspects of the pandemic. Of interest to this chapter are studies centering on datasets from online social media platforms where the bulk of the public discourse happens. The main goal is to support the fight against negative infodemic by (1) contributing a diverse set of curated relevant datasets; (2) offering relevant areas to study using the datasets; and (3) demonstrating how relevant datasets, strategies, and state-of-the-art IT tools can be leveraged in managing the pandemic.
Designing COVID-19 Campaigns to Achieve Individual Compliance
Authors: Koinig Isabell
Published: August 2022

The literature describes a pandemic as a unique form of health crisis that requires intensive communicative efforts. The primary aim of this study is to investigate how COVID-19 health communication campaigns are designed on three continents to get individuals to comply with the proposed actions and measures. Results indicate that the prevalence of emotional messages correspond with previous research findings, which demonstrated that similarity with a testimonial and narratives can be useful tools to increase message effectiveness. Hence, government officials are advised to invest in message presentation.
Setting the Aware Agenda of the COVID-19 Health Emergency
Authors: Spalletta Marica , Fanara Dario , De Rosa Paola
Published: August 2022

Among its main goals, crisis management aims at promoting people awareness in respect of the crisis which they are going to face or in which they are already involved. In order to do that, it uses a wide range of communication tools, among which, over the last decade, social media have proved to be of paramount importance. Based on these premises, the chapter analyses a very meaningful case of crisis communication, which consists of the social media coverage of the early stages of the COVID-19 emergency coming from Italian national and local institutions. The media content analysis carried out on Facebook and Twitter confirms a communication strategy aimed at creating people awareness in respect of the health emergency, suggesting citizens which conducts they need to stop or adopt. However, the analysis also shows that the goal of crisis awareness represents the first step of a wider agenda coming from the Institutions' social posting, which aims at transferring their awareness to citizenship and, as a consequence, inspiring citizens' own responsibility.
Health Communication During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Hungary
Authors: Juhász Zoltán , Hetesi Erzsébet
Published: August 2022

In this chapter, the authors are looking for the answer to how novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has influenced health communication in online platforms. The aim was to investigate with a newer qualitative research method (netnography) how the scenes of communication have been changed during the COVID-19 crisis. The content of some popular online public forums was analyzed that came up during the outbreak in Hungary. The participant opinions and attitudes regarding health communication of COVID-19 crisis management were observed. The community acceptance of two measures were investigated: necessity of wearing a mask and the mandatory evacuation of hospital beds. These topics divided the opinion of the citizens. In spite of the efficient COVID-19 outbreak management, there were very extreme and different opinions (skepticism, indignation, accusation, acceptance) in the online community about the accuracy and reliability of health communication. The results may support the future improvement of health crisis management.
“Keep Calm and Get Informed”
Authors: Cmeciu Camelia
Published: August 2022

COVID-19 is a new ongoing pandemic and an alarming public health issue which urges emergency measures at a national and international level. This chapter uses a collaborative message-centered approach and explores how the Department for Emergency Situation (DES) in Romania tailored its verbal and visual messages to this pandemic and how the Romanian online users assessed the DES involvement in the risk and crisis management. The quantitative and qualitative content analyses showed that DES laid an emphasis on the narratives of informational responsibility and responsibility in action, whereas online users focused on the narratives of multilayered rationalization and a multifaceted incompetence.