bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Contact Lens Solutions Assessed by ISO Standards
Authors: McAnally Cindy , Walters Rhonda , Campolo Allison , Harris Valerie , King Jamie , Thomas Megan , Gabriel Manal M , Shannon Paul , Crary Monica
Published: October 2021

Microbial keratitis (MK) is an eye infection caused by opportunistic bacteria or fungi, which may lead to sight-threatening corneal ulcers. These microorganisms can be introduced to the eye via improper contact lens usage or hygiene, or ineffective multipurpose solutions (MPSs) to disinfect daily wear contact lenses. Thus, the patient’s choice and use of these MPSs is a known risk factor for the development of MK. It is then critical to determine the efficacy of popular MPSs against ubiquitous ocular microorganisms. Therefore, we compare the efficacy of nine major MPSs on the global market against four different microorganism species, and with four different common contact lenses. In accordance with International Standards Organization protocol 14729 and 18259, the microorganisms were inoculated into each MPS with and without contact lenses, and held for the manufacturer’s disinfection time, 24 h, and 7 days after challenge with Serratia marcescens or Fusarium spp. Plates were incubated for 2–7 days and plate counts were conducted to determine the number of surviving microorganisms. The majority of MPSs demonstrated significantly higher disinfection efficacies without contact lenses. Broadly, among the microorganisms tested, the OPTI-FREE products (Puremoist, Express, and Replenish) maintained the highest disinfection efficacies at the manufacturer’s stated disinfection time when paired with any contact lens, compared with other MPSs. These were followed closely by RevitaLens and renu Advanced. MPSs containing dual biocides polyquaternium-1 and myristamidopropyl dimethylamine possessed the highest disinfection efficacy against multiple ocular pathogens.
Recovery of Mycobacteria from Heavily Contaminated Environmental Matrices
Authors: Ulmann Vit , Modrá Helena , Babak Vladimir , Weston Ross Tim , Pavlik Ivo
Published: October 2021

For epidemiology studies, a decontamination method using a solution containing 4.0% NaOH and 0.5% tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDAB) represents a relatively simple and universal procedure for processing heavily microbially contaminated matrices together with increase of mycobacteria yield and elimination of gross contamination. A contamination rate only averaging 7.3% (2.4% in Cluster S; 6.9% in Cluster R and 12.6% in Cluster E) was found in 787 examined environmental samples. Mycobacteria were cultured from 28.5% of 274 soil and water sediments samples (Cluster S), 60.2% of 251 samples of raw and processed peat and other horticultural substrates (Cluster R), and 29.4% of 262 faecal samples along with other samples of animal origin (Cluster E). A total of 38 species of slow and rapidly growing mycobacteria were isolated. M. avium ssp. hominissuis, M. fortuitum and M. malmoense were the species most often isolated. The parameters for the quantitative detection of mycobacteria by PCR can be significantly refined by treating the sample suspension before DNA isolation with PMA (propidium monoazide) solution. This effectively eliminates DNA residue from both dead mycobacterial cells and potentially interfering DNA segments present from other microbial flora. In terms of human exposure risk assessment, the potential exposure to live non-tuberculous mycobacteria can be more accurately determined.
Fluctuations in Graphitization of Coal Seam-Derived Natural Graphite upon Approaching the Qitianling Granite Intrusion, Hunan, China
Authors: Wu Yingke , Li Kuo , Wang Zhaoguo , Hu Mianshu , Cao Haiyue , Liu Qinfu
Published: October 2021

The Lutang graphite deposit in Chenzhou, Hunan province, China, is a well-known coal seam-derived graphite (graphite formed from coal during its natural evolution) deposit with proven reserves of 9.5 million tons and prospective reserves of around 20 million tons (2015 data). The graphite occurs at an andalusite bearing sericite quartz chlorite metamorphic mudstone around a c. 530 km2 Qitianling granite intrusion. A set of coal seam-derived graphite samples from the Lutang graphite deposit in Hunan was examined by geochemical, crystallographic, and spectroscopic techniques to assess changes in the degree of graphitization approaching the intrusion. The carbon content, degree of graphitization, and Raman spectral parameters of series coal seam-derived natural graphite samples show a fluctuating increase with increasing proximity to the granite intrusion. The profile of geological structural features has a close spatial correlation with the variations in the degree of graphitization of series coal seam-derived natural graphite, and a strain-enhanced graphitization model is proposed. Moreover, the geographical distribution and the degree of graphitization are positively related to changes in the iron content of chlorite, suggesting a graphitization process promoted by mineral catalysis during metamorphism. A close spatial relationship exists between graphite mineral and chlorite occurrences when approaching the intrusive mass. The results of this research are important for understanding the role of tectonic stress and mineral catalysis on the genesis of coal-derived graphite.
Biological and Cytoprotective Effect of Piper kadsura Ohwi against Hydrogen-Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human SW1353 Cells
Authors: Huang Te-Yang , Wu Chih-Chuan , Su Wen-Ta
Published: October 2021

Oxidative stress plays a role in regulating a variety of physiological functions in living organisms and in the pathogenesis of articular cartilage diseases. Piper kadsura Ohwi is a traditional Chinese medicine that is used as a treatment for rheumatic pain, and the extracts have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, there is still no study related to cell protection by P. kadsura. The P. kadsura extracts (PKE) were obtained by microwave-assisted extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, and column chromatography separation. The extracts could effectively scavenge free radicals in the antioxidant test, the EC50 of extracts is approximately the same as vitamin C. PKE decreased the apoptosis of SW1353 cells treated with H2O2 and could upregulate the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD-2, GPx, and CAT) and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, as well as regulate PARP, thus conferring resistance to H2O2 attack. PKE protects cells against apoptosis caused by free radicals through the three pathways of JNK, MEK/ERK, and p38 by treatment with MAPK inhibitor. The identified components of PKE were bicyclo [2.2.1] heptan-2-ol-1,7,7-trimethyl-,(1S-endo)-, alpha-humulene, and hydroxychavicol by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.
Pulsed Power Applications for Protein Conformational Change and the Permeabilization of Agricultural Products
Authors: Takaki Koichi , Takahashi Katsuyuki , Guionet Alexis , Ohshima Takayuki
Published: October 2021

Pulsed electric fields (PEFs), which are generated by pulsed power technologies, are being tested for their applicability in food processing through protein conformational change and the poration of cell membranes. In this article, enzyme activity change and the permeabilization of agricultural products using pulsed power technologies are reviewed as novel, nonthermal food processes. Compact pulsed power systems have been developed with repetitive operation and moderate output power for application in food processing. Firstly, the compact pulsed power systems for the enzyme activity change and permeabilization are outlined. Exposure to electric fields affects hydrogen bonds in the secondary and tertiary structures of proteins; as a result, the protein conformation is induced to be changed. The conformational change induces an activity change in enzymes such as α-amylase and peroxidase. Secondly, the conformational change in proteins and the induced protein functional change are reviewed. The permeabilization of agricultural products is caused through the poration of cell membranes by applying PEFs produced by pulsed discharges. The permeabilization of cell membranes can be used for the extraction of nutrients and health-promoting agents such as polyphenols and vitamins. The electrical poration can also be used as a pre-treatment for food drying and blanching processes. Finally, the permeabilization of cell membranes and its applications in food processing are reviewed.
Monascin and Ankaflavin of Monascus purpureus Prevent Alcoholic Liver Disease through Regulating AMPK-Mediated Lipid Metabolism and Enhancing Both Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Systems
Authors: Lai Jhao-Ru , Hsu Ya-Wen , Pan Tzu-Ming , Lee Chun-Lin
Published: October 2021

Alcohol metabolism causes an excessive accumulation of liver lipids and inflammation, resulting in liver damage. The yellow pigments monascin (MS) and ankaflavin (AK) of Monascus purpureus-fermented rice were proven to regulate ethanol-induced damage in HepG2 cells, but the complete anti-inflammatory and anti-fatty liver mechanisms in the animal model are still unclear. This study explored the roles of MS and AK in improving alcoholic liver injury. MS and AK were simultaneously fed to evaluate their effects and mechanisms in C57BL/6J mice fed the Lieber–DeCarli liquid alcohol diet for 6 weeks. The results indicated that MS and AK significantly reduced the serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity, as well as the total liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The histopathological results indicated that MS and AK prevented lipid accumulation in the liver. MS and AK effectively enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduced the degree of lipid peroxidation; AK was particularly effective and exhibited a superior preventive effect against alcoholic liver injury and fatty liver. In addition to inhibiting the phosphorylation of the MAPK family, MS and AK directly reduced TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels, thereby reducing NF-κB and its downstream iNOS and COX-2 expressions, as well as increasing PPAR-γ, Nrf-2, and HO-1 expressions to prevent liver damage. MS and AK also directly reduced TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β expression, thereby reducing the production of NF-κB and its downstream iNOS and COX-2, and increasing PPAR-γ, Nrf-2, and HO-1 expressions, preventing alcohol damage to the liver.
Deprotometalation-Iodolysis and Direct Iodination of 1-Arylated 7-Azaindoles: Reactivity Studies and Molecule Properties
Authors: Ameur Messaoud Mohamed Yacine , Bentabed-Ababsa Ghenia , Fajloun Ziad , Hamze Monzer , Halauko Yury S. , Ivashkevich Oleg A. , Matulis Vadim E. , Roisnel Thierry , Dorcet Vincent , Mongin Florence
Published: October 2021

Five protocols were first compared for the copper-catalyzed C-N bond formation between 7-azaindole and aryl/heteroaryl iodides/bromides. The 1-arylated 7-azaindoles thus obtained were subjected to deprotometalation-iodolysis sequences using lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide as the base and the corresponding zinc diamide as an in situ trap. The reactivity of the substrate was discussed in light of the calculated atomic charges and the pKa values. The behavior of the 1-arylated 7-azaindoles in direct iodination was then studied, and the results explained by considering the HOMO orbital coefficients and the atomic charges. Finally, some of the iodides generated, generally original, were involved in the N-arylation of indole. While crystallographic data were collected for fifteen of the synthesized compounds, biological properties (antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant activity) were evaluated for others.
The Application of Chitosan Nanostructures in Stomatology
Authors: Chu Shunli , Wang Jue , Gao Fengxiang
Published: October 2021

Chitosan (CS) is a natural polymer with a positive charge, a deacetylated derivative of chitin. Chitosan nanostructures (nano-CS) have received increasing interest due to their potential applications and remarkable properties. They offer advantages in stomatology due to their excellent biocompatibility, their antibacterial properties, and their biodegradability. Nano-CSs can be applied as drug carriers for soft tissue diseases, bone tissue engineering and dental hard tissue remineralization; furthermore, they have been used in endodontics due to their antibacterial properties; and, finally, nano-CS can improve the adhesion and mechanical properties of dental-restorative materials due to their physical blend and chemical combinations. In this review, recent developments in the application of nano-CS for stomatology are summarized, with an emphasis on nano-CS’s performance characteristics in different application fields. Moreover, the challenges posed by and the future trends in its application are assessed.
Coumarin and Its Derivatives—Editorial
Authors: Matos Maria João
Published: October 2021

Coumarins are widely distributed in nature and can be found in a large number of naturally occurring and synthetic bioactive molecules [...]
Fractionated Lignosulfonates for Laccase-Catalyzed Oxygen-Scavenging Films and Coatings
Authors: Winestrand Sandra , Järnström Lars , Jönsson Leif J.
Published: October 2021

Lignin derivatives have potential as antioxidants in advanced packaging materials through their ability to scavenge oxygen in reactions catalyzed by phenol-oxidizing enzymes, such as laccase. The effects of size fractionation of lignosulfonates on laccase-catalyzed reactions were investigated in experiments with aqueous solutions, films, and coated paperboard. Four industrial lignosulfonate preparations were compared: Feed (unfractionated), Prod (5–60 kDa enriched), Conc (≥60 kDa enriched), and Perm (≤60 kDa enriched). Extraction of lignosulfonates from films showed that the enzymic reaction increased the average molecular weight from <10,000 to up to 66,000. The enzymatic reaction resulted in an increase in the water contact angle of the films from the range 25–49° to 56–81°. The four preparations showed relatively small differences with regard to their ability to scavenge oxygen in aqueous solution and in experiments with coated paperboards in sealed chambers. Coatings with lignosulfonates where the contents of low-molecular weight material had been reduced (i.e., Prod and Conc) showed improved water resistance after the enzymic reaction. Thus, in both aqueous and solid media, fractionation of lignosulfonates had little effect on oxygen scavenging, but fractionation was beneficial for other reasons, such as improved cross-linking resulting in higher molecular weight and superior water resistance.
Personalized Nutritional Therapy Based on Blood Data Analysis for Malaise Patients
Authors: Arakaki Minoru , Li Li , Kaneko Toshiyuki , Arakaki Hiromi , Fukumura Hiromi , Osaki Chihiro , Yonamine Maki , Fukuzawa Yoshitaka
Published: October 2021

As medical doctors, we routinely check patient blood chemistry and CBC data to diagnose disease. However, these data and methods of analysis are very rarely used to find pre-disease conditions or treat undiagnosed malaise. Masatoshi Kaneko Ph.D. found that many pre-disease conditions and types of malaise could be detected using his unique method of blood data analysis, and could also be treated using personalized nutritional therapy as an alternative to using drugs. The authors of this article introduce personalized nutritional therapy based on blood data analysis (Kaneko’s method), and present and discuss some clinical cases. In total, 253 pre-disease or undiagnosed patients were treated using this nutritional therapy approach, and most of them recovered from their chronic symptoms and pre-disease conditions. This novel nutritional therapy has the potential to help many presymptomatic and undiagnosed patients suffering from malaise.
Erinacine A-Enriched Hericium erinaceus Mycelium Delays Progression of Age-Related Cognitive Decline in Senescence Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) Mice
Authors: Lee Li-Ya , Chou Wayne , Chen Wan-Ping , Wang Ming-Fu , Chen Ying-Ju , Chen Chin-Chu , Tung Kwong-Chung
Published: October 2021

There have been many reports on the neuroprotective effects of Hericium erinaceus mycelium, in which the most well-known active compounds found are diterpenoids, such as erinacine A. Previously, erinacine A-enriched Hericeum erinaceus mycelium (EAHEM) was shown to decrease amyloid plaque aggregation and improve cognitive disability in Alzheimer’s disease model APP/PS1 mice. However, its effects on brain aging have not yet been touched upon. Here, we used senescence accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice as a model to elucidate the mechanism by which EAHEM delays the aging of the brain. Three-month-old SAMP8 mice were divided into three EAHEM dosage groups, administered at 108, 215 and 431 mg/kg/BW/day, respectively. During the 12th week of EAHEM feeding, learning and memory of the mice were evaluated by single-trial passive avoidance and active avoidance test. After sacrifice, the amyloid plaques, induced nitric oxidase synthase (iNOS) activity, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and 8-OHdG levels were analyzed. We found that the lowest dose of 108 mg/kg/BW EAHEM was sufficient to significantly improve learning and memory in the passive and active avoidance tests. In all three EAHEM dose groups, iNOS, TBARS and 8-OHdG levels all decreased significantly and showed a dose-dependent response. The results indicate that EAHEM improved learning and memory and delayed degenerative aging in mice brains.
Venture philianthropy investments
Authors: Lovas Anita
Published: October 2021

Consideration of social and environmental values is not a new concept in finance, but Social Finance and Social Investments have become prominent following the crisis. Based on empirical surveys, the social approach has been incorporated into the strategy of venture capital funds, however, the ratio of target companies with a social focus is still limited in actual placings. Since social impact is considered side by side with expected financial return for the selection of companies, the composition of future management has been given more emphasis, for instance, are they capable of a comprehensive vision not limited to business objectives. They provide non-financial support in the period of an investment; joint goal setting and coaching entrepreneurs are the most frequent features.
Kísérleti fröccsöntő szerszám tervezése mikrostrukturált formaadó felületek vizsgálatához
Authors: Kun Krisztián
Published: October 2021

A kutatás a fröccsöntő szerszámok aktív elemének hatásvizsgálatára irányul. A szerszámfelület minősége jelentős hatással van a kitöltésre és a hűtés hatékonyságára. A formaadó felületen olyan egységes, strukturált felszín létrehozását végeztük, amely nagymértékű orientációt eredményez a fröccsöntési folyamat során. A kutatáshoz egy speciális kísérleti szerszámra volt szükség. Ennek tervezését egy korábbi kísérlet eredményeire és előzetes kritériumokra alapoztuk. A tervezés a szerszámban eredetileg is megtalálható álló oldali formabetét méret- és helyzettűréseit alapul véve történt. Ahogyan azt a korábbi vizsgálat is mutatta, három fő szempontot kellett figyelembe venni a szerszám tervezése kapcsán. Ezek az alkalmazott gyártástechnológia, a könnyen szerelhető konstrukció, illetve a mérési lehetőségek kibővítése különböző szenzorok alkalmazásával. A femtoszekundumos lézer kis sugármérete lehetőséget adott a mikroméretű részletek kimunkálására, amely eljárást a formaadó felület strukturálására használtunk. Ennek sikerességét mikroszkópi vizsgálattal elemeztük.
Grafit- és grafénerősítésű sztirol-butadién kaucsuk fejlesztése
Authors: Pirityi Dávid Zoltán , Pölöskei Kornél
Published: October 2021

A gumihulladékok környezetterhelése csökkenthető a gumitermékek élettartamának növelésével. Ennek egyik kitüntetett kutatási iránya a grafénnal erősített, nagy kopásállóságú nanokompozitok fejlesztése. Kutatásunk során a keverékkészítés technológiájának a gumi mechanikai tulajdonságaira gyakorolt hatását vizsgáltuk. Munkánk során 0, 1, 5 és 10 phr mennyiségben adalékoltunk grafitot és grafént gumikeverékekhez hengerszéken, zártkeverőben, egycsigás és ikercsigás extruderben. Az elkészített mintákon keménységmérést, szakító-, továbbszakító és elektronmikroszkópi vizsgálatot végeztünk. Vizsgálati eredményeink rávilágítottak arra, hogy a grafén jelentősebb erősítő hatást fejtett ki a grafitnál. Az extrúziós eljárások a polimer láncmolekulák nagyobb mértékű tördelődését okozhatják, igaz, reprodukálhatóságuk jobb, mint a hengerszéken vagy a zártkeverőben végzett keverékkészítésé.
Factors affecting the decision to investigate older adults with potential cancer symptoms: a systematic review
Authors: Jones Daniel , Di Martino Erica , Bradley Stephen H , Essang Blessing , Hemphill Scott , Wright Judy M , Renzi Cristina , Surr Claire , Clegg Andrew , De Wit Niek , Neal Richard
Published: October 2021

Background

Older age and frailty increase the risk of morbidity and mortality from cancer surgery and intolerance of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The effect of old age on diagnostic intervals is unknown; however, older adults need a balanced approach to the diagnosis and management of cancer symptoms, considering the benefits of early diagnosis, patient preferences, and the likely prognosis of a cancer.

Aim

To examine the association between older age and diagnostic processes for cancer, and the specific factors that affect diagnosis.

Design and setting

A systematic literature review.

Method

Electronic databases were searched for studies of patients aged >65 years presenting with cancer symptoms to primary care considering diagnostic decisions. Studies were analysed using thematic synthesis and according to the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis guidelines.

Results

Data from 54 studies with 230 729 participants were included. The majority of studies suggested an association between increasing age and prolonged diagnostic interval or deferral of a decision to investigate cancer symptoms. Thematic synthesis highlighted three important factors that resulted in uncertainty in decisions involving older adults: presence of frailty, comorbidities, and cognitive impairment. Data suggested patients wished to be involved in decision making, but the presence of cognitive impairment and the need for additional time within a consultation were significant barriers.

Conclusion

This systematic review has highlighted uncertainty in the management of older adults with cancer symptoms. Patients and their family wished to be involved in these decisions. Given the uncertainty regarding optimum management of this group of patients, a shared decision-making approach is important.
ANALISA FAKTOR PENYEBAB RENDAHNYA KINERJA PERAWAT PELAKSANA DI RUMAH SAKIT KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Silalahi Kristina L. , Siregar Patimah Sari
Published: October 2021

Hospital is a health service with excellent and competitive service demands by its users. The function of the hospital was developed by the guidance of science and technology at its time. Performance appraisal is the most reliable tool for managers to control human resources and productivity and can be used effectively to direct employee behavior to produce nursing services based on high quality and quantity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors causing the low performance of nurses in Medan city hospital. This type of research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study design. This research was conducted at the Royal Prima Medan Hospital in July. The sample in this study were all nurses who served in the inpatient room. The sampling technique in this study using saturated sampling techniques totaling 159 nurses. Data collection using a questionnaire with the chi-square test. The results showed that the three-dimensional factors of nurse performance had a relationship with the performance of nurses, namely individual factors p = 0.000, psychological factors p = 0.006, and organization p = 0.002. This research concludes that the majority of nurses in the hospital still have low performance. The researcher's suggestion for the hospital is that the hospital pays more attention to the performance of the nurses who work in the inpatient room.
Новий погляд на звільнення від відбування покарання з випробуванням за корупційні кримінальні правопорушення
Authors: Книженко О.
Published: October 2021

У публікації по-новому оцінено питання укладення угоди у кримінальному провадженні про корупційні правопорушення з узгодженням звільнення від відбування покарання з випробуванням. Обґрунтовується доцільність застосування звільнення від відбування покарання з випробуванням за цей вид кримінального правопорушення. Авторка, відійшовши від своєї раніше висловленої позиції, наводить аргументи, спираючись на рішення Європейського суду з прав люди, чому варто застосовувати цей інститут у разі вчинення корупційних кримінальних правопорушень. Також ставиться під сумнів законодавчі положення щодо виключення застосування не тільки звільнення від відбування покарання з випробуванням за корупційні кримінальні правопорушення, а й низки інших норм, які нині неможливо використати за вчинене корупційне правопорушення.
Tai Chi e aspectos neuropsiquiátricos em idosos: revisão sistemática
Authors: Herrmann Flavio , Jacini Wantuir Francisco Siqueira , Galduróz Ruth Ferreira
Published: October 2021

Introdução. O Tai Chi, uma técnica corpo-mente, tem sido indicada como prática física para idosos devido a suas características singulares de execução, como lentidão e concentração. Objetivo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as contribuições do Tai Chi em aspectos neuropsiquiátricos, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da Literatura. Método. Para tanto, foram utilizadas diferentes bases de dados, sendo elas:  LILACS, Pubmed, Psycinfo, Scielo, Embase e Science Direct. Os artigos foram selecionados de janeiro de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021, considerando artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos com idosos. Resultados. Um total de 20 estudos foram selecionados. Conclusão. O Tai Chi pode ter efeitos benéficos como melhora no equilíbrio, qualidade do sono, diminuição do número de quedas, memória, qualidade de vida, diminuição do nível de estresse, etc.  A análise da pontuação dos artigos na escala PEDro revelou limitações metodológicas, sugerindo a importância de novos estudos com maior controle de fatores de interferência em aspectos neuropsiquiátricos.
Self-Assembly of DNA Molecules: Towards DNA Nanorobots for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Hu Yong
Published: October 2021

DNA nanotechnology takes DNA molecule out of its biological context to build nanostructures that have entered the realm of robots and thus added a dimension to cyborg and bionic systems. Spurred by spring-like properties of DNA molecule, the assembled nanorobots can be tuned to enable restricted, mechanical motion by deliberate design. DNA nanorobots can be programmed with a combination of several unique features, such as tissue penetration, site-targeting, stimuli responsiveness, and cargo-loading, which makes them ideal candidates as biomedical robots for precision medicine. Even though DNA nanorobots are capable of detecting target molecule and determining cell fate via a variety of DNA-based interactions both in vitro and in vivo, major obstacles remain on the path to real-world applications of DNA nanorobots. Control over nanorobot’s stability, cargo loading and release, analyte binding, and dynamic switching both independently and simultaneously represents the most eminent challenge that biomedical DNA nanorobots currently face. Meanwhile, scaling up DNA nanorobots with low-cost under CMC and GMP standards represents other pertinent challenges regarding the clinical translation. Nevertheless, DNA nanorobots will undoubtedly be a powerful toolbox to improve human health once those remained challenges are addressed by using a scalable and cost-efficient method.
Food Security for All: Causes and Implications of Food Insecurity in Africa
Authors: Nabukonde Ameria , Alex Barakagira , Ronald Kalukusu Amos
Published: October 2021

Food is a basic right of all people, however, food security in Africa is being threatened. The main objective of this article is to uncover the causes and implications of food insecurity in Africa. The information was mainly obtained by reviewing literature with similar topics. Food security and food insecurity are both used to find out if people can or cannot access enough food. Poverty, COVID-19, war and conflict, and climate change have major impacts on food security and this is explored in more detail in this article. Improved food security is very vital for a wider reduction of hunger and helps to overcome undernourishment, malnutrition, domestic violence, and poverty. The causes and implications of food insecurity in Africa need to be addressed to ensure that Africa is freed from hunger.
Improving Livelihood through an Upgrade of Artisanal Small-scale Mining Practices
Authors: Eniowo Olushola , Meyer Bertie
Published: October 2021

If we trace our cultural roots as Africans, we will realise that two major occupations have played big roles as primary sources of livelihood, particularly for rural community dwellers – subsistence agriculture and small-scale mining. In this paper, we will focus on the latter: its relevance, challenges, and the way forward.
TIC aplicadas a la educación en el Grado de Pedagogía y Educación Primaria. Robótica educativa y pensamiento computacional.
Authors: Llorente Cejudo María del Carmen , Barroso Osuna Julio Manuel , Palacios Rodríguez Antonio de Padua , Martín Párraga Lorena
Published: October 2021

Esta colección supone un total de 17 píldoras formativas, a modo de objetos de aprendizaje, fundamentadas en los contenidos que componen la materia de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación Aplicadas a la educación y Tecnología Educativa de los Grados de Educación Primaria y de Pedagogía de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Sevilla.
La colección es una producción audiovisual con carácter didáctico, y estará compuesta por 26 videos cortos a modo de objeto de aprendizaje, de no más de 4 minutos de duración como máximo cada uno. Los videos se incorporarán en la plataforma de enseñanza telemática Blackboard en los diferentes temas que el alumno irá abordando a lo largo de la asignatura, y el objetivo fundamental que se persigue es:

- Profundizar, reforzar y ejemplificar los contenidos de aprendizaje que los alumnos han trabajado a lo largo de los diferentes bloques temáticos de la asignatura.
- Diseñar y producir un material multimedia online y offline que le permita a los alumnos reforzar los contenidos trabajados en la asignatura.
- Hacer accesible contenido relevante para la docencia que no puede estar presente en el aula de otra manera.
ANOREXIA NERVOSA IN ADOLESCENTS — CASE REPORT
Authors: Munteanu Cristina , Ciubara Anamaria
Published: October 2021

Although there is no universally recognized protocol for the evaluation of eating disorders, all specialists agree that a broad-spectrum evaluation is needed, given the multidetermined nature of this pathology. Therapeutic intervention, supportive psychotherapy and CBT, have as main objective cognitive restructuring, identifying and addresing psychological causes that cause, precede and trigger eating disorders - anorexia nervosa. Aim: To identify the role of psychotherapy and the entire interdisciplinary team in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. Case description: We present a case report of a 15-yearold girl diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, where I applied CBT. This case confirms by the objectives achieved, that CBT has a primordial role, in interrupting the vicious circle, somatic symptom- psychic-pseudo somatic symptom and to restore the emotional balance of the patient diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Conclusion: Compliance with psychiatric treatment increases, by addressing psychotherapy, as a clinical intervention, in the treatment of this complex condition.
FORMATION OF TEACHING KYRGYZ LITERATURE IN NATIONAL PEDAGOGY
Authors: Kenzheshev K.
Published: October 2021

The article examines the fundamentals of folk pedagogy of the Kyrgyz people, formed before the emergence of secondary schools. The role of literature in the upbringing of the younger generation of the Kyrgyz people has long been recognised. It was organized at a high level in the process of growing up in accordance with the content of socio-social conditions. The formation of the first methods and techniques of teaching young people ethno-pedagogical basis is defined. Particular attention is paid to the problem of combining ethno-pedagogical education with the study of Kyrgyz fiction in addressing the contradictions of life and mastering the social and personal competence of their time by young people. The article discusses the benefits that young people gain from ethno-pedagogical education in their personal lives.
SEMIOTIC UNITS AND THEIR TRANSLATION IN THE TRAGEDY OF W.SHAKESPEARE "RICHARD III"
Authors: Shabdanaliev N.A.
Published: October 2021

The scientific article analyzes the representation of semiotic symbols in the language of the world- classic writer W. Shakespeare in the language of Richard 3, how the image of the world in British culture is represented by linguistic symbols and its differences from Kyrgyz culture. Analyzing the Kyrgyz translation of the work, we not only study how English semiotic symbols are transmitted, but also represent the worldview, mentality and living conditions of people from two different cultures.
THE NEED FOR ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT BASED ON FINANCIAL DIAGNOSTICS
Authors: Sydykova Ch.K. , Atakhodjaev Sh. Kh. , Abdyldaeva U. M. , Atakhodzhaeva T. Sh.
Published: October 2021

This article reveals the issues of the need for financial diagnostics of an enterprise to determine the financial situation in it. Another equally important reason for interest in diagnostic tools is the need for enterprises to use bank loans to finance their activities. Effective diagnostic tools give direction to the need to use a bank loan to finance the activities of an enterprise, the volume of which is increasing from year to year against the backdrop of a growing share of overdue loans and general insolvency of borrowers. Banks transfer most of their monetary funds and assets for long-term use to borrowers in the form of a loan. For this reason, the work of banks depends on experience, the level of professional training, methodological, instrumental support of employees who are involved in providing loans to representatives of commercial enterprises. Bank specialists must have reliable information about the financial stability of the company - the borrower. Based on the analysis received, the specialist makes a conclusion about the issuance of a loan. An objective analytical assessment of financially stable enterprises enables the bank to issue a loan on certain conditions. This ensures the profitable operation of banks, as well as the effectiveness of the development of the national economy, clearing it of unprofitable objects. Therefore, the study of the application of financial diagnostics in anti-crisis management is relevant.
Features of the Constitutional Legal Model of Legal Proceedings in the Russian Federation
Authors: Levin V. V.
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the features of the process of constitutional proceedings, as one of the subtypes of legal proceedings in the Russian Federation, in addition, the comparative features of constitutional proceedings with the peculiarities of proceedings in civil, criminal and administrative cases are considered and a comparative characteristic of these processes is carried out.
Cuidarse es vida
Authors:   Corporación Universitaria Adventista, Ramos Edgardo , García Olga , Ortíz Lina
Published: October 2021

Las Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles (ECNT) constituyen un problema de salud pública global (1, 2, 3). Su aumento en todo el mundo, es debido principalmente a las enfermedades cardiovasculares, el cáncer, las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas y la diabetes, además de alterar significativamente la calidad de vida; son la causa de alrededor del 60% de las muertes, de las cuales el 80% ocurren en países de bajos y medianos ingresos. (2) En Colombia, según los datos suministrados por el ASIS 2016, señalan que las enfermedades del sistema circulatorio fueron la primera causa de mortalidad en hombres y en mujeres entre 2005 y 2014, dentro de las cuales se resaltan las enfermedades isquémicas del corazón produjeron el 49,30% (293.458) de las muertes por enfermedades del sistema circulatorio, las enfermedades cerebrovasculares provocaron el 23,47% (139.690) de las muertes, las enfermedades hipertensivas causaron el 10,47% (62.297) de las muertes en este grupo y su comportamiento fue incremental, pasando de 15,48 a 17,77 muertes por cada 100.000 personas durante el periodo. (3)
A survey on Machine Learning Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Networks (ML-SDWSNs): Current status and major challenges
Authors: Jurado Lasso Fabian Fernando , Marchegiani Letizia , Jurado Jesus Fabian , Mahfouz Adnan Abu , Fafoutis Xenofon
Published: October 2021

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which are enablers of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, are typically used en-masse in widely physically distributed applications to monitor the dynamic conditions of the environment. They collect raw sensor data that is processed centralised. With the current traditional techniques of state-of-art WSNs programmed for specific tasks, it is hard to react to any dynamic change in the conditions of the environment beyond the scope of the intended task. To solve this problem, a synergy between Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and WSNs has been proposed. This paper aims to present the current status of Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Network (SDWSN) proposals and introduce the readers to the emerging research topic that combines Machine Learning (ML) and SDWSN concepts, also called ML-SDWSNs. ML-SDWSN grants an intelligent, centralised and resource-aware architecture to achieve improved network performance and solve the challenges currently found in the practical implementation of SDWSNs. This survey provides helpful information and insights to the scientific and industrial communities, and professional organisations interested in SDWSNs, mainly the current state-of-art, ML techniques, and open issues.
A Hybrid Approach to Classify Power Quality Problems in Distribution Systems
Authors:   Electric and Electronic Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, 55200, Turkey., Ozgonenel Okan , Akpinar Kubra Nur ,   Electric and Electronic Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, 55200, Turkey.
Published: October 2021

Electrical power systems are expected to transmit continuously nominal rated sinusoidal voltage and current to consumers. However, the widespread use of power electronics has brought power quality problems. This study performs classification of power quality disturbances using an artificial neural network (ANN). The most appropriate ANN structure was determined using the Box-Behnken experimental design method. Nine types of disturbance (no fault, voltage sag, voltage, swell, flicker, harmonics, transient, DC component, electromagnetic interference, instant interruption) were investigated in computer simulations. The feature vectors used in the identification of the different types of disturbances were produced using the discrete wavelet transform and principal component analysis. Our results show that the optimized feed forward multilayer ANN structure successfully distinguishes power quality disturbances in simulation data and was also able to identify these disturbances in real time data from substations.
Code Domain Non- Orthogonal Multiple Access Schemes for 5G and Beyond Communication Networks: A Review
Authors:   Department of Electronics and Communication, GLA, University, Mathura (281406), India, Shukla Aasheesh , Kumar Manish ,   Department of Electronics and Communication, GLA, University, Mathura (281406), India, Deolia Vinay Kumar ,   Department of Electronics and Communication, GLA, University, Mathura (281406), India
Published: October 2021

Future communication networks may encounter various issues in order to facilitate heavy heterogeneous data traffic and large number of users, therefore more advanced multiple access (MA) schemes are being developed to meet the changing requirements. The research space on making more robust MA scheme is continuously increasing, so it becomes significant to analyze the various schemes to determine the appropriate MA scheme for 5G networks. Therefore, in this paper the comprehensive overview of the most popular and recent MA schemes is presented for 5G networks. This paper mainly classifies the MA techniques in orthogonal MA (OMA) and various types of non-OMA (NOMA) techniques. Specifically, we introduce RSMA (Rate splitting multiple access) and IDMA (interleave division multiple access). Further the close attention is paid to NOMA family, including code-domain NOMA (e.g., SCMA (sparse code multiple access)), power-domain NOMA. Above all, from this exploration, the opportunities and challenges could be notified in MA schemes and further the optimum MA technique can be point out among discussed MA schemes for 5G and beyond communication networks.
Electromagnetic control based on Lie symmetry transformation
Authors:   School of mechanical and electrical, Taihu University of Wuxi , Wuxi, 214064, China., Mingliang Zheng
Published: October 2021

An design method of electromagnetic metamaterial based on Lie symmetry of Maxwell's equation is proposed, which is applied to the modulation of electromagnetic wave / light. Firstly, the electromagnetic control model based on metamaterials is introduced, then according to the theory of Transformation Optics (TO), Lie symmetry analysis is applied to the coordinate transformation of material physical space, and the key core is the determining equations of Lie symmetry is derived. Secondly, the analytical forms of constitutive parameters (permittivity and permeability) of metamaterials are introduced, which can be used to design all kinds of electromagnetic metamaterials. Finally, the Lie symmetry method is applied to the control of electromagnetic beam width. The results show that the metamaterial based on Lie symmetry of Maxwell's equation have good field distribution, and it overcomes the single subjectivity of traditional coordinate transformation in optical transformation. The wave simulation by COMSOL Multiphysics software verify the correctness of Lie symmetry method.
An Evaluation of Urban Environmental Noise Pollution in Durres Municipality
Authors: Klemo Marsida , Metalla Osman , Hysa Azem , Cela Elvis , Diku Abdulla , Nako Migena
Published: October 2021

Durres is the second most populous place on the Republic of Albania. This paper was focused in the evaluation of noise level at different areas of Durres Municipality which were categorized based on their activities like industrial, commercial and residential. The main purpose of environmental noise monitoring was to assess the situation in Durres Municipality, to value the degree of impact on citizens and to create a database to better address the problems, in order to build an effective action plan to improve the situation in problem areas. Monitoring has two basic objectives, such as: to protect us from noise that hinders and disrupts our daily activity and to protect us in the future from increasing noise levels that would bring concerns to people and quality of the environment. To realize this study was used TESTO 816-1 supply that measures noise intensity level of a certain area. Measurements were carried out in different conditions of humidity and wind velocity, during morning and night time, from February 2019 to December 2020. Duration of each measurement was 15 min. The results of this study revealed that the average equivalent noise level was: i) in the commercial area (during morning time 51.92 dB, during night time 46.8 dB), in the industrial area (during morning time 57.69 dB, during night time 45.31 dB) and in the residential area (during morning time 53.59 dB, during night time 44.46 dB). As a conclusion it was evidenced that the noise levels for all the areas were over the permissible levels of 50 dB (during morning) and for commercial and industrial area were over 45 dB (during night). Also it was concluded that the consequences of these high levels cause moderate and serious annoyance for residents during the day and sleep disturbances (if windows are open) during the night. This paper suggests some improvements to decrease side effects of noise pollution.
Una lectura de la antropología borgiana: Las ovejas de César Aira
Authors: Arce Rafael
Published: October 2021

Este trabajo propone una lectura de la primera novela de César Aira, Lasovejas, escrita en 1970 y publicada en 1984. Para ello, se atiende la relación deeste texto con la obra de Jorge Luis Borges, partiendo de una conjetura genealógica que el mismo Aira sugiere. En esta genealogía, la animalidad cumple unpapel determinante que explica el recorte intertextual del desenlace de la novela.Nuestra hipótesis afirma que es posible leer Las ovejas como una versión de la“antropología borgiana”, tal como la denominó Jaime Rest. En esta versión, lanovela de Aira desplaza el presupuesto humanista del idealismo de Borges. Estaconjetura permite revisar el “vitalismo” de la obra de Aira y pensarlo, no en clavede “darwinismo”, como ha sido leído, sino en relación con la obra de Samuel Butler.Finalmente, esta lectura propone replantear los términos en los que se ha pensadola poética del olvido en Aira.
La poética del no-dinero de Mario Bellatin
Authors: Gallego Cuiñas Ana , F. Extremera Marta
Published: October 2021

El presente trabajo propone una lectura de la ficción del escritor mexicanoperuano Mario Bellatin desde una perspectiva materialista basada en el modo enque autor y obra se sitúan en el campo/mercado de la literatura latinoamericanadel siglo xxi. De esta manera, nuestra hipótesis se fundamenta en el análisis de lafunción del no-dinero y de la idea de no-literatura como claves interpretativas desu poética, centrándonos en uno de los libros más significativos a este respecto,apenas abordado en el campo de la crítica: El hombre dinero (2013). La primeraparte de nuestro ensayo aborda la “política de publicación” del autor, los modosde producción y la circulación de sus obras. En la segunda parte, nos enfocamosen la dilucidación de lo que llamamos la “poética del no-dinero” de Mario Bellatin,a través de la forma en que se relacionan literatura y economía en sus textos.