bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY ON ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF WASTE BANK INITIATIVES IN DKI JAKARTA PROVINCE
Authors: Nurhasana Renny
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study was to measure economic and environmental benefits, and also sustainability of Waste Bank in DKI Jakarta by conducting a field survey. The study found that Waste Bank activities have generated approximately IDR 11,628,433 (USD 1,199) of additional income to their members. The Waste Bank activities have also contributed to the reduction of waste volume by almost 4.55 tons or 15.2 m3 per month that equals to saving IDR 16,750,512/year (USD 1,727) of transportation cost and tipping fee. If the Waste Bank initiative can be scaled up to 5% of total households in Jakarta, the total economic benefits would be about IDR 17.27 billion (USD 1,78 million). As a social business, Waste Banks have also produced environmental benefits by increasing community awareness on 3Rs, thus, improving social cohesion and empowering society. In terms of sustainability, most Waste Banks are both financially and socially sustainable as business entities. While the economic benefits are relatively small, the environmental benefits are significant to the society.Keywords: Economic Benefit, Environmental Benefit, Jakarta Indonesia, Social Business, Waste Bank.
PERENCANAAN SISTEM REDUCE, REUSE DAN RECYCLE PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS LIMAU MANIS PADANG
Authors: Raharjo Slamet , Ihsan Taufiq , Ruslinda Yenni
Published: October 2017

Pengelolaan sampah eksisting yang dilakukan pihak Unand masih menerapkan pola kumpul-angkut-buang. Pola tersebut tidak sesuai dengan Kebijakan dan Strategi Nasional Pengembangan Sistem Pengelolaan Persampahan. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan perencanaan sistem 3R. Perencanaan sistem dilakukan untuk 5 tahun (2014-2018) dengan target pelayanan sistem pewadahan dan pengangkutan sampah mencapai 100% dan tingkat pengolahan di Pusat Pengolahan Sampah Terpadu (PPST) mencapai 78,77%. Sistem pewadahan dan pengumpulan sampah dilakukan dengan metode terpilah yang masing-masing dilakukan dengan pembedaan warna wadah sampah dan penjadwalan penjemputan sampah sesuai dengan pengelompokan jenis sampah. Adapun pengelompokan sampah dibedakan menjadi 3 yaitu sampah organik yang bisa dikompos seperti daun-daunan dan sisa makanan, sampah yang bernilai jual seperti sampah kertas, botol dan gelas plastik, kaleng, dan berbagai logam dan sampah lain-lain yang akan dibuang ke TPA seperti kayu, ranting-ranting besar, kertas dan plastik yang tidak bisa dijual, dsb. Pengolahan sampah di PPST Unand terdiri dari proses pengomposan dan pencucian, pengepakan dan penjualan ke lapak/bandar sampah untuk sampah yang bernilai ekonomi. Sisa sampah yang tidak terolah sebanyak 21,23% dibuang ke TPA Air Dingin. Program-program non teknis yang harus dilakukan diantaranya adalah pembentukan struktur organisasi yang khusus menangani persampahan dan penerbitan peraturan tentang kewajiban warga kampus dalam penanganan sampah secara 3R.Kata kunci: Pengelolaan sampah, PPST Unand, Kompos, Daur Ulang, 3R
PENGOLAHAN KANDUNGAN COD LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT OLEH TYPHA LATIFOLIA DENGAN METODE FITOREMEDIASI
Authors: Elystia Shinta
Published: October 2017

Limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit meskipun sudah diolah, limbah yang dibuang ke sungai masih belum memenuhi baku mutu yang ditetapkan. Untuk itu diperlukan alternatif pengolahan secara alami dengan metode fitoremediasi yang memanfaatkan tanaman Typa Latifolia. Fitoremediasi merupakan salah satuteknologi yang secara biologi yang memanfaatkan tumbuhan atau mikroorganisme yang dapatberasosiasi untuk mengurangi polutan lingkunganbaik pada air, tanah dan udara yang diakibatkanoleh logam atau bahan organik. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat kemampuan sistem fitoremediasi dengan tanaman Typa Latifolia dalam mengolah kandungan COD dengan variasi kerapatan tanaman, kadar limbah, dan waktu tinggal. Pada penelitian ini digunakan bak plastik ukuran 50cm x 36cm x 31cm, media tanah dengan ketebalan 10cm, media pasir ketebalan 5cm, dan media kerikil setebal 5cm dengan variasi kerapatan tanaman Typha latifolia (0,5g/cm2; 0,75g/cm2; dan 1g/cm2), variasi kadar limbah cair kelapa sawit (20%; 60%; dan 100%), dan variasi waktu tinggal (5 hari dan 9 hari). Parameter yang dianalisis adalah COD, dengan konsentrasi sebelum pengolahan sebesar 2820-3980 mg/l, sedangkan setelah diolah konsentrasinya turun menjadi 720-2720 mg/l pada hari ke 5 dan 80-2340 mg/l pada hari ke 9. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa metode fitoremediasi menggunakan Typha latifolia mampu menyisihkan konsentrasi COD limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit. Secara umum, variasi kerapatan tanaman, kadar limbah, dan waktu tinggal memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan untuk penurunan COD. Kerapatan tanaman 1 g/cm2, kadar limbah 20%, dan waktu tinggal 9 hari memberikan efisiensi tertinggi untuk masing-masing parameter pencemar. Secara keseluruhan efisiensi penyisihan BOD, COD, dan TSS yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini pada hari ke 5 berkisar antara 31,66-74,65% dan pada hari ke 9 berkisar antara 41,21-97,18%.Kata Kunci: Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit, Fitoremediasi, Typha latifolia, Kerapatan Tanaman, Kadar Limbah
PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH KERING LAYAK JUAL DENGAN SISTEM BANK SAMPAH DI KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS PADANG
Authors: Ruslinda Yenni
Published: October 2017

Pengelolaan sampah eksisting yang dilakukan pihak Unand masih menerapkan pola kumpul-angkut- Pengelolaan sampah kering layak jual dengan sistem bank sampah di kampus Universitas Andalas sudah dioperasikan mulai awal tahun 2014 sejalan dengan pendirian Pusat Pengolahan Sampah Terpadu (PPST Unand). Sampah kering layak jual yang ditabung oleh nasabah ke Bank Sampah Enviro Andalas berupa sampah plastik, sampah kertas dan karton, serta sampah kaleng dan aluminium dengan jumlah berkisar 100-800 kg/bulan. Hasil evaluasi terhadap persyaratan kontruksi dan sistem manajemen serta pelaksanaan bank sampah berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Republik Indonesia no 13 tahun 2012 telah memenuhi kriteria yang berlaku. Dalam operasional bank sampah terjadi peningkatan jumlah nasabah, jumlah sampah yang ditabung dan jumlah penjualan sampah ke bandar daur ulang tiap bulannya. Hal ini terkait dengan semakin seringnya sosialisasi dilakukan untuk meningkatkan keaktifan masyarakat kampus dalam pemilahan sampah, dukungan prasarana dan sarana serta komitmen pimpinan universitas untuk mendukung pengelolaan sampah di sumber dengan konsep 3R. Kata kunci: bank sampah, kampus Unand, PPST Unand, sampah kering layak jual
Studi Kemampuan Perlit sebagai Adsorben untuk Menyisihkan Besi
Authors: Primasari Budhi , Gustilisa Rosa
Published: October 2017

West Sumetera pearlite can be utilized as an alternative adsorbent to remove metal from groundwater. Aim of this research is to investigate the capability of pearlite to remove ferrous (Fe) and manganese (Mn). Experiment was conducted using artificial solution. A column od 2.54 cm was filled with expamded pearlite. Diameter of pearlite is (0,180-0,150) mm and flow rate1 gpm/ft2. Depth of pearlite in the column was 85 cm, and weight was 160 gr. Sample was taken at 8 sampling points of ground water to determine range of Fe and Mn concentration in artificial solution. Range of Fe concentration is 1-10 mg/l, and range of Mn concentration is 0,1-2 mg/l. Experiment shows that adsorption capacity of pearlite is (4,01 x 10-6 1,84 x 10-5) mg Fe/mg perlit in Fe only solution. While adsorption capacity of pearlite is (4,01 x 10-6 1,84 x 10-5) mg Fe/mg perlit in Fe only solution. While in the Fe-Mn mixture artificial solution, adsorption capacity of pearlite is 1,36 x 10-5 to 1,44 x 10-5 mg Fe/mg perlit.Keywords: perlite, adsorbent, Fe, Mn, adsorption capacityABSTRAKPerlit yang ada di daerah Sumatera Barat dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu alternatif adsorben untuk menyisihkan logam-logam yang terkandung dalam air tanah. Pada penelitian ini ingin diketahui kemampuan perlit sebagai adsorben dalam menyisihkan logam besi dan mangan. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan larutan artifisial. Pada percobaan ini digunakan perlit dengan diameter (0,180-0,150) mm, kecepatan alir 1 gpm/ft2. Perlite dimasukkan ke dalam kolom berdiameter 2.54 cm, dengan kedalaman perlit 85 cm dan jumlah perlit yang dibutuhkan untuk mengisi kolom adalah 160 gram. Sampling air sumur pada 8 titik sampling dilakukan untuk menentukan rentang konsentrasi Fe, dan Mn. . Rentang yang ditetapkan untuk konsentrasi Fe adalah (1-10) mg/l, rentang konsentrasi Mn adalah ( 0,1-2) mg/l dan rentang konsentrasi kesadahan adalah (200-400) mg/l. Pada percobaan dengan larutan artifisial yang mengandung konsentrasi Fe saja didapatkan kapasitas adsorpsi berkisar (4,01 x 10-6 1,84 x 10-5) mg Fe/mg perlit. Pada percobaan larutan artifisial yang mengandung Fe dan Mn didapatkan kapasitas adsorpsi berkisar (1,36 x 10-5 - 1,44 x 10-5) mg Fe/mg perlit. Kata kunci: perlit, adsorben, Fe, Mn, kesadahan, kapasitas adsorpsi
ANALISIS ISOPHLET KONSENTRASI DAN ESTIMASI POTENSI PENURUNAN KARBON MONOKSIDA DI KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Suryati Isra' , Khair Hafizhul
Published: October 2017

This study aims to map the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in Medan city and to estimate the potential reduction in carbon monoxide in some streets of Medan by applying mass transit based on simulation. This research was conducted by sampling CO in the 12 (twelve) points in Medan by grab sampling. CO concentration was analyzed using NDIR methods by CO Monitor tools. The results showed the concentration of CO in Medan between 1145.2 mg/m3 - 27484,7 mg/m3. This condition is still below the national ambient air quality standard of Government Regulation No. 41, 1999 (30,000 mg/m3). Based on the concentration isophlet map that points that have the highest concentration located in the surrounding roadside such as at Jl. SM Raja. To reduction the CO concentration in the ambient air around the roadside is necessary to plan programs and policies related to transportation. If the scenarios or simulation with application of the concept of mass transportation such as BRT CNG and BRT Diesel in some streets of Medan then will be able to reduce CO emissions of about 25.02% to 29.44%.Keywords: vehicle emissions, carbon monoxide, map isophlet, mass transitABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan konsentrasi gas karbon monoksida (CO) di Kota Medan dan melakukan estimasi potensi penurunan karbon monoksida di beberapa ruas jalan Kota Medan dengan menerapkan transportasi massal berbasis simulasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel CO di 12 (dua belas) titik di Kota Medan secara grab sampling. Konsentrasi CO dianalisis menggunakan metode NDIR dengan alat sampling yaitu CO Monitor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi CO di Kota Medan antara 1145,2 mg/m3 27484,7mg/m3. Kondisi ini masih dibawah baku mutu udara ambien nasional Peraturan Pemerintah No. 41 tahun 1999 (30.000 mg/m3). Berdasarkan peta isophlet konsentrasi tersebut bahwa titik-titik yang mempunyai konsentrasi tertinggi berlokasi di sekitar jalan salah satunya seperti di Jl. SM Raja. Untuk menurunkan konsentrasi CO di udara ambien di sekitar jalan perlu dilakukan perencanaan program dan kebijakan terkait transportasi. Apabila dilakukan skenario atau simulasi penerapan konsep transportasi massal berupa BRT CNG dan BRT Diesel di beberapa ruas jalan Kota Medan akan mampu mengurangi beban emisi CO sekitar 25,02% sampai dengan 29,44%.Kata kunci : emisi kendaraan, karbon monoksida, peta isophlet, transportasi massal
ANALISIS SISTEM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PERKANTORAN KOTA PADANG MENGGUNAKAN METODE LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
Authors: Aziz Rizki , Febriardy Febriardy
Published: October 2017

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)is a method to assess and to evaluate total environmental impact of a product, process or service. Simplified LCA has applied to solid waste management of institutional source of Padang City which applies two types of systems included Mixed Management System and Separated Management System. Study based on solid waste management of Major Office of Padang City which generated waste as 5.1194 m3 per week. Life cycle of mixed management system consist of generation, storage, collection, transportation to landfill, treatment on landfill, transportation to informal recycler, and treatment of informal recycler. Separated management system consist of generation, storage, collection, transportation to informal recycler, treatment on informal recycler, transportation to landfill, and treatment on landfill. Total material generated was 6.6320 m3 /weekon mixed system and 4.1815 m3/ weekon separated system. Energy needed for mixed system was 0.0164 m3/ weekand 0.0102 m3/ weekon separated system. The highest environmental impact for both systems were on ecosystem quality damage for treatment on landfill phase as 13.1519 weighting unit of mixed system and 7.7743 weighting unit for treatment on landfill for separated system. Comparative analysis of both systems on equal quantity of waste reveals that separated system is more environmentally friendly than mixed system. Keywords: Simplified LCA, solid waste management system of institutional source, mixed system, separated system, environmental impactpengolahan di lapak (lapak besar dan bandar), sedangkan untuk sistem terpisah terdiri dari tahap timbulan, tahap pewadahan, tahap pengumpulan, tahap pengangkutan ke lapak, tahap pengolahan di lapak (lapak kecil, lapak besar, dan Bandar), tahap pengangkutan ke TPA, dan tahap pengolahan di TPA. Total buangan material sebesar 6,6320 m3/mingguuntuk sistem tercampur dan 4,1815 m3/mingguuntuk sistem terpisah, volume energi yang dibutuhkan sistem tercampur yaitu 0,0164 m3/minggudan 0,0102 m3/mingguuntuk sistem terpisah. Dampak lingkungan terbesar yang mungkin terjadi adalah potensi gangguan keseimbangan ekologi, yaitu sebesar 13,1519 satuan bobot untuk pengolahan di TPA sistem tercampur dan 7,7743 satuan bobot untuk pengolahan di TPA sistem terpisah. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang diperoleh, untuk sampah dengan kuantitas yang sama, sistem terpisah lebih ramah lingkungan dibandingkan sistem tercampur. Kata-kata kunci: LCA sederhana, sistem pengelolaan sampah perkantoran, sistem tercampur, sistem terpisah, dampak lingkungan
POTENSI BAHAYA DEBU SILIKA TERHADAP KESEHATAN PANDAI BESI DESA MEKARMAJU KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: Regia Rinda Andhita , Oginawati Katharina
Published: October 2017

Mekarmaju Village in Bandung Regency is a place of the greatest blacksmith that still exist in West Java. Their activity using the grinding tool causes dust formation in work area. Silica is the chemical element in dust with the second highest grade after Fe and it is classified in Group 1 substances as carcinogenic to humans. Blacksmith are very potentially have lung disease due to frequent of crystalline silica exposure through inhalation, not using personal protective equipment like masks and the condition of knife and agricultural equipment workshop that are not supported by adequate ventilation. The purpose of this research is to analyze the potencial hazard of crystalline silica exposure to the health of blacksmith in Mekarmaju village. This research was done with an exposed group of 30 people. Respirable crystalline silica analysis was done by the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) method based on MDHS 101 in 2005. The results showed the average of crystalline silica concentration for 8 hours was 0.2147 mg/m3 where 16 people exceeded SE 01/MEN/1997, 27 people exceeded the TLV-TWA ACGIH and 6 people exceeded the PEL OSHA. Average of Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) value was 0.0140 mg/kg.day. Based on threshold value in PER.13/MEN/X/2011, there were 6 people have Hazard Index (HI) value more than 1 which means that their daily activity in work area will endanger the health of lungs.Keywords: Mekarmaju village, hazard index, concentration, crystalline silica, blacksmithABSTRAKDesa Mekarmaju di Kabupaten Bandung merupakan tempat pandai besi terbesar yang masih ada di Jawa Barat. Kegiatan menggunakan gerinda menyebabkan terbentuknya debu pada area kerja. Silika merupakan unsur kimia pada debu dengan kadar tertinggi kedua setelah Fe dan silika diklasifikasikan sebagai Grup 1 yaitu karsinogenik bagi manusia. Pekerja pandai besi sangat berpotensi mengidap penyakit paru-paru karena seringnya terpapar kristal silika melalui inhalasi, tidak menggunakan alat pelindung diri berupa masker dan kondisi lingkungan kerja yang tidak didukung oleh ventilasi yang memadai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis potensi bahaya kristal silika terhadap kesehatan pandai besi di Desa Mekarmaju. Jumlah responden yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 30 orang. Analisis kristal silika terinhalasi dilakukan dengan metode X-ray Diffraction (XRD) berdasarkan MDHS 101 tahun 2005. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi kristal silika rata-rata selama 8 jam kerja adalah 0,2147 mg/m3. Dari 30 orang responden, 16 orang melebihi NAB SE 01/MEN/1997, 27 orang melebihi TLV-TWA ACGIH, dan 6 orang melebihi PEL OSHA. Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) kristal silika rata-rata sebesar 0,0140 mg/kg.hari. Berdasarkan NAB kristal silika PER.13/MEN/X/2011, terdapat 6 orang memiliki nilai Hazard Index (HI) lebih besar dari 1 yang berarti pekerjaan yang dilakukan oleh 6 orang tersebut termasuk pekerjaan yang membahayakan kesehatan paru-paru.Kata kunci: Desa Mekarmaju, hazard index, konsentrasi, kristal silika, pandai besi
KOEFISIEN TRANSFER GAS (KLa ) PADA PROSES AERASI MENGGUNAKAN TRAY AERATOR BERTINGKAT 5 (LIMA)
Authors: Abuzar Suarni Saidi
Published: October 2017

ABSTRAKAerasi merupakan salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk menyisihkan kandungan logam dalam air, baik air tanah, air permukaan, maupun air limbah. Salah satu jenis aerator dalam proses aerasi adalah tray aerator. Untuk menganalisis nilai koefisien transfer gas (KLa) pada proses aerasi khususnya tray aerator bertingkat 5 (lima)dengan jarak antar tray 25 cm dan tinggi total 125 cm, perlu dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh nilai KLa. Air dialirkan ke dalam tray aerator bertingkat 5 (lima) dan diukur kandungan Disolved Oxygen (DO) dengan metode water quality checker. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terjadi peningkatan konsentrasi oksigen pada sampel setelah dilakukan aerasi dengan tray aerator bertingkat 5 (lima) dari 5,97 mg/L menjadi 6,34 mg/L dengan nilai koefisien transfer gas (KLa) sebesar 0,045/menit.Kata kunci: Tray Aerator bertingkat 5, Aerasi, Koefisien trasnsfer gas (KLa)ABSTRACTAeration method is one method for removing metalfrom water including groundwater, surface water and wastewater. One of known aerator is method is tray aerator. For analizing gas transfer coefficient (KLa) in aeration method especially in five storey tray aerator with the distance between each aerator was 25 cm and total height was 125 cm. water was discharged in five storey tray aerator and was measured the dissolved oxygen concentration by using water quality checker method. Result showed the increase of oxygen concentration in sample after being aerated in five storey tray aerator, from 5.97 mg/L to 6.34 mg/L with gas transfer coefficient (KLa) 0.045/min. Keywords: Aeration, Five story aerator, Gas transfer coefficient (KLa)
Distinguer une expérience intense courte à propos d’un objet d’art d’une expérience rudimentaire de même longueur
Authors: Dufresne-Tassé Colette
Published: October 2017

Abstract: What happens when someone establishes a brief but intense rapport with an art object?  What are the characteristics of such an experience?  How does it unfold and how to differentiate it from a non-intense (basic) rapport of equal duration?  Description of an instrument used to analyse both types of events when experienced by visitors in a general public-type museum.  KEYWORDS: Museum; adults; intensive experience; simple experience; characteristicsRésumé: Que se passe-t-il durant une expérience intense courte à propos d’un objet d’art ?  Quelles sont les caractéristiques de ce type d’expérience, comment se déroule-t-elle et comment se différencie-t-elle d’une expérience non intense (rudimentaire) de même longueur ?  Description d’un instrument qui a permis d’étudier l’une et l’autre au moment même où elles sont vécues par des visiteurs de musée de type grand public.MOTS CLES: Musée, adultes; expérience intense; expérience rudimentaire; caractéristiques.
ArTSchives: un tremplin vers divers types de musées et vers la création artistique
Authors: Robichaud Lise
Published: October 2017

Abstract: The article introduces arTSchives, a visual art teaching model that integrates the concepts of museum, archives, and experiential learning. Its purpose is to help understand contemporary artwork of the archival type while proposing artistic creation channels that integrate the concept of archives. The author conducted a content analysis of visual art installations that resulted in a list of potential archive sources. This particular type of teaching promotes the visiting of contemporary art museums as well as natural sciences, human sciences and other types of specialised museums.KEYWORDS: Contemporary; museums; teaching model; Acadian cultural context; art appreciation; archival art; artistic creation; art galleryRésumé: L’article présente un modèle d’enseignement des arts visuels intitulé arTSchives qui intègre les notions de musée, d’archives et d’apprentissage expérientiel. Le but est de faciliter la compréhension des œuvres d’art contemporain de genre archivistique tout en proposant des pistes de création artistique intégrant le concept d’archives. L’auteure a procédé par une analyse de contenu d’installations en arts visuels ce qui a mené à l’énumération d’une liste d’exemples de sources d’archives possibles. Ce type particulier d’enseignement encourage la fréquentation des musées d’art contemporain ainsi que des musées de sciences naturelles, sciences humaines et autres musées spécialisés.MOTS CLES: Contemporain; musées; modèle d’enseignement; contexte culturel acadien; appréciation artistique; art archivistique
Subversive identities at the art museum: An ESL university student’s experience at the National Gallery of Canada
Authors: Cloutier Geneviève , Ibrahim Awad , Pratt David
Published: October 2017

Abstract: Art education became interwoven with cultural mediation when a university-level English language certification class was taken on a field trip to the National Gallery of Canada. This article focuses on one ESL student who locates her subversive identity as she engages with and interprets an artwork in an interview. This student’s memorable, affective, and intimately personal thoughts and feelings, as we shall see, expose the semiotic and pedagogical importance of employing strategies that honour students’ identities and lived experiences. The authors call for more research in what they refer to as ‘critical ESL art museum education’KEYWORDS:Anglais langue étrangère; apprentissage de langue; culture; éducation muséale artistique; identités opposantes; pédagogie; affectif.ESLRésumé: Éducation artistique et médiation culturelle se sont entremêlées lors de la visite au Musée des beaux-arts du Canada d’une classe de certification de langue anglaise de niveau universitaire. Cet article se concentre sur une étudiante d’ALS qui trouve son identité subversive en découvrant et en interprétant une œuvre d’art dans le cadre d’une entrevue. Nous noterons à quel point les pensées et sentiments affectifs, extrêmement personnels et inoubliables de cette étudiante soulignent l’importance sémiotique et pédagogique du recours à des stratégies qui valorisent l’identité et le vécu des étudiants. Les auteurs souhaitent qu’il y ait davantage de recherches menées dans le domaine qu’ils nomment « l’éducation critique en ALS pour les musées des beaux-arts ». MOTS CLES: Language learning; culture; art museum education; subversive identities; pedagogy; affect
Employing Strategic Thinking in South American Microfinance Institutions
Authors: Concari Gustavo
Published: October 2017

The article is about the use of strategic thinking in microfinance in South America. Microfinance is an important business in South America today, its importance lies in its ability to transform poor people and informal enterprises into citizens and formal companies making human beings grow as individuals at the same time. The sector is very strong in the region despite its youth and maybe it's time to use the ideas of business strategy developed for traditional businesses.The goal of this paper is then to use the ideas of business strategy in microfinance. A classic strategy scheme called the Ansoff matrix is used for this. It proposes two axes (product and market) as possible ways for developing a business.The work includes the theoretical development of this scheme and evaluations from experts interviewed to give their opinion on it, evaluations that make the idea richer while pointing the possible weaknesses of the model.CITE AS:Concari, G. (2014). El empleo del pensamiento estratégico en Instituciones Microfinancieras Sudamericanas. Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies, 3 (1): 4-30
Determinants of international migration in Argentina: differences between European and Latin American inflows
Authors: Maurizio Roxana
Published: October 2017

This paper studies, from a long-term perspective, the determinants of immigrant flows to Argentina from Europe and South America. Different econometric models are estimated for both the European waves –during the period from 1870 to 1950– and the Latin American waves –during the period from 1945 to 1976–. Results indicate a shift in the order of importance of the determinants of the entry rates, where the income gap, more than opportunities of employment differentials, appears to be the variable that generates the greatest reaction in the regional migratory flows. On the contrary, European flows seem to have been triggered by the second factor.
The ICSID arbitration and its contribution to development in the light of direct investments in emerging markets
Authors: Moreno-Blesa Lidia
Published: October 2017

The international investment disputes between states and companies have a procedural framework of dispute resolution through arbitration. This is the service provided by the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), which was established by the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States, 18 March 1965. ICSID is a member of the World Bank Group, which also encompass the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the Agency multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA). The goal of the Center is to facilitate the settlement of disputes between foreign citizens and local authorities where the business is conducted through arbitration. To achieve this, all Bilateral Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments Treaties (BITs) contain mechanisms for resolution of disputes between investors and States similar to the ICSID Convention or refer to it. The latter, joined to an efficient implementation of awards rendered in this context, should serve emerging markets to attract the capital required to contribute to their final expansion.
Freedom as a social relationship: A sociological interpretation of Amartya Sen’s capability approach
Authors: Otano-Jiménez Guillermo
Published: October 2017

The aim of this paper is to analyze, from a sociological viewpoint, the theoretical and methodological challenges posed by Amartya Sen in his textbook Development as Freedom. The concept of freedom, according with Sen, includes what he calls the «opportunity aspect» and the «process aspect» of freedom. My argument is that the human development paradigm has been more focused in exploring the former than the latter, ignoring the relational dimension of human agency. In order to extend the reach of the capability approach in this direction, I propose to accept three complementary premises: 1) that freedom is a social relationship; 2) that the fights for equality are always constrained by power relations; 3) that the agents in these scenarios are collective actors, rather than individuals.
Limits of the logic framework and deficiencies of the traditional evaluation in cooperation for development to asses impact
Authors: Vázquez-De-Francisco María José , Torres-Jiménez Mercedes , Caldentey-Del-Pozo Pedro
Published: October 2017

Measuring impact has traditionally been the weakest step in the traditional evaluation of aid, because of its costs, methodologies, time and difficulties in attributing effects. But this exercise is necessary both in technical and moral terms, especially for those benefitting from the aid. The use of a logical framework as the most accepted tool for aid management has not helped in impact measuring, which is a revealing reflection of aid effectiveness. It is precisely those international commitments for aid effectiveness that highlight the limitations of traditional evaluation practices.This paper intends to reflect upon those limits through a systematic academic review, and will propose a conceptual revision of impact evaluation indicator.
Financial cooperation for development, DNA of South-South Cooperation
Authors: Domínguez-Martín Rafael
Published: October 2017

The aim of this article is to assess the weight and implications of the refundable component of financing for development offered by China. The relevance of focusing on the reimbursable financial cooperation of China derives not only from its quantitative importance, but of two qualitative aspects that contribute to a fuller understanding of SCC in general: reimbursable financing is the basis on which the dialogue pillar rests characteristic of the SCC, which, since its inception, sought to forge alliances for change in international economic relations policy; and reimbursable financial cooperation, as true SSC’s DNA, marks the trend towards the financing of the new agenda of Sustainable Development Goals has been headed.
The Politics of Technical Assistance in Regional Integration Processes: Mesoamerican Insights
Authors: Almaguer-Kalixto Patricia Eugenia
Published: October 2017

This paper analyses a regional integration process that includes Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, Mexico and Panama. Formally launched in 2001 as the Puebla-Panama Plan (PPP) with a strong commitment to sustainable development and safeguarding the environmental dimension of the regionalisation process, its current version, renamed the Mesoamerican Project (Proyecto Mesoamérica, PM), does not have the same orientation or goals. This paper addresses two questions: a) which stakeholders and discourses shaped the regional integration’s environmental policy process during its different phases? and b) how have the PPP and PM contributed to the environmental governance of the region? The findings suggest that the process has been characterised by strong intervention on the part of supra-national stakeholders that have prioritised liberalisation over the sustainable development agenda for 15 years, weakening regional environmental agencies’ ability to produce warrants to reduce the environmental impacts of regionalisation.
Moving towards a New Regional Financial Architecture? Problems and perspectives of monetary cooperation within the ALBA-TCP
Authors: Benzi Daniele , Guayasamín Tomás , Vergara Mónica
Published: October 2017

This paper addresses the experiences of the monetary and financial cooperation carried out within the framework of ALBA-TCP. The first part describes the context of global crisis and emerging multipolarity in which the debate on the reform of the International Financial Architecture (IFA) and regional monetary initiatives are inserted. The second part revises the Latin American initiative of a New Regional Financial Architecture. Later, we analyze the origins, processes and effects of mechanisms implemented within the ALBA-TCP, such as the ALBA Bank and the SUCRE. Finally, the essay concludes by presenting both potential and limitations of these experiences within a regional and global scenario marked by a high degree of uncertainty that, paradoxically so far, seems to delay and inhibit rather than consolidate the strengthening of a New Regional Financial Architecture.
South-South Cooperation and the challenge of quantification, evaluation and assessment
Authors: Huitrón-Morales Analilia
Published: October 2017

The emergence of a more active South-South cooperation (SSC) constitutes on of the most relevant factors for change in the International arena in the last decades. It is an expression of the new role that emerging economies of the world embody in the ensemble of the International transactions and in the generation of dynamic poles of political and economic power. However, and even if for some experts of SSC it has consolidated as a cooperation mechanism, it still faces relevant challenges in order to recognize its potentials and its benefits. One of the most discussed challenges nowadays and maybe therefore the most necessary one is quantification, evaluation and assessment of SSC actions. The lack of regional and international consensus on the mechanisms, methodologies and spaces to register, quantify and evaluate SSC hampers its positioning, further away from the rhetoric, as an effective, efficient, horizontal and sustainable tool for development in the long term. This article claims that it is still necessary to go deeper into an analysis of SSC not only from the rhetoric, but also from material elements that allow us to gain knowledge of the value of this cooperation.
Development policies in the migration context. Coherence and contradictions in a two Programme Spanish Codevelopment in Colombia and Ecuador
Authors: Lacomba-Vázquez Joan , Cloquell-Lozano Alexis
Published: October 2017

The migration incident in development has been focusing a significant part of the debates in the international cooperative sphere. Simultaneously, many different countries have designed in the latest years new policies and introduced programmes orientated to reach a positive effect of migration relating to development. However, these new actions wouldn’t have formed in the frame of a real reconsideration and inspection of connections among migration and development policies. The latest codevelopment policy was planned as a way of solving this shortfall, but their results have been the object of studies of many questions.
In this article, it is broached from the policy coherence for development viewpoint two experiences inspired from Spain in Colombia and Ecuador, to show some of these contradictions. The analysis underlying logistics to both devices and the implementation results reveal the divergence between the development original idea and its practice, as well as the trouble to bring together considerably divergent interests.
Impact pathways of trade liberalization on rural livelihoods: A case study of smallholder maize farmers in Mexico
Authors: Hellin Jon , Groenewald Sytske , Keleman Alder
Published: October 2017

Research assessing the impacts of trade liberalization on poor rural populations can be divided intotwo categories: more quantitative research, assessing relationships between specific, measurable variables (such as changes in the macroeconomic environment and their impact on farmers’ income levels); and more qualitative research, which takes trade policy as a context and provides broad, descriptive data about dynamic livelihood strategies. In this paper, we outline a framework that could be used to integrate these two approaches by unravelling the macro-micro linkages between national policies and responses at a household level. Using the Mexican maize sector as an illustration, we trace the pathways through which trade liberalization (including the North American Free Trade Agreement) has interacted with changes in government institutions, and thereby impacted on farmers’ livelihood strategies. We identify three pathways through which trade policy affects households and individuals: via enterprises, distribution channels, and government, and we link these to a five-category typology of smallholders’ strategies for escaping rural poverty: intensification, diversification, expansion, increased off-farm income and exit from agriculture. Based on a case-study from Chiapas, Mexico, we report on farmers’ responses to post-liberalization agricultural policies. Data suggest that farmers have intensified maize production, sought more off-farm employment or have exited agriculture altogether. The potential for smallholders to escape poverty by diversifying farms or expanding their land-holdings or herd-size has been largely unrealized. We provide a conceptual framework for linking the impacts of liberalization to farmers’ livelihood strategies and suggest that this framework is useful in the context of agricultural modernisation initiatives that seek to increase agricultural productionand productivity.CITE AS:Hellin, J., Groenewald, S., Keleman, A. (2012). Impact pathways of trade liberalization on rural livelihoods: A case study of smallholder maize farmers in Mexico. Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies, 1 (1): 58-82
Climate change impacts on maize and dry bean yields of smallholder farmers in Honduras
Authors: Diaz-Ambrona Carlos G.H. , Gigena Ruben , Mendoza Carlos Onan
Published: October 2017

The rotation maize and dry bean provides the main food supply of smallholder farmers in Honduras. Crop model assessment of climate change impacts (2070-2099 compared to a 1961-1990 baseline) on a maize-dry ben rotation for several sites across a range of climatic zones and elevations in Honduras. Low productivity systems, together with an uncertain future climate, pose a high level of risk for food security. The cropping systems simulation dynamic model CropSyst was calibrated and validated upon field trail site at Zamorano, then run with baseline and future climate scenarios based upon general circulation models (GCM) and the ClimGen synthetic daily weather generator. Results indicate large uncertainty in crop production from various GCM simulations and future emissions scenarios, but generally reduced yields at low elevations by 0% to 22% in suitable areas for crop production and increased yield at the cooler, on the hillsides, where farming needs to reduce soil erosion with conservation techniques. Further studies are needed to investigate strategies to reduce impacts and to explore adaptation tactics.CITE AS:Diaz-Ambrona, C., Gigena, R., Mendoza, C. (2013). Climate change impacts on maize and dry bean yields of smallholder farmers in Honduras. Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies, 2 (1): 4-22
A very thin line separates the donor's role as an active agent in the development process from his complementary role. Particularly in the case of budget support, donors seem to be progressively retreating from their monitoring tasks by appealing to the a
Authors: Wood-Valdivielso Marta , Colombo Enrico
Published: October 2017

A very thin line separates the donor's role as an active agent in the development process from his complementary role. Particularly in the case of budget support, donors seem to be progressively retreating from their monitoring tasks by appealing to the appropriation principle stated in the Paris Declaration. This article reviews some of the most frequent elements of this lack of monitoring of budget support, both at political and technical level.CITE AS:Wood-Valdivielso, M., Colombo, E. (2013). Hacia la Responsabilidad de los Donantes en el Seguimiento del Apoyo Presupuestario: Consideraciones Políticas y Técnicas. Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies, 2 (1): 46-70
Is Product Diversification the Ultimate Quid Pro Quo for Gender sensitive Poverty Alleviation? Adverse Social Externalities from Combined Microfinance in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Rossel-Cambier Koen
Published: October 2017

Documented deficiencies in traditional social transfer mechanisms have led to the emergence of alternative methods for reducing poverty. In many countries, microfinance institutions (MFIs) have become popular instruments for redistributive propoor policies. However, they are also criticised for not being inclusive enough. This paper explores if product diversification has an effect on poverty outreach, in particular when combining micro-credit with savings and insurance. It applies cross-sectional analysis of 250 microfinance schemes in Latin America and the Caribbean. By focusing on elements of the depth of poverty outreach, the research highlights a number of possible effects of combined microfinance (CMF). Product diversification can significantly contribute to increased social outreach («breadth» of poverty outreach). However, the findings suggest that, in the case of combining credit with savings, this is leading to a relatively lower participation of poor and female clients («depth» of poverty outreach). Exclusionary and discriminatory vulnerabilities and dynamics, linked to specific financial products, may apply double or even reinforce each other. Cumulative financial, cultural, geographical or communication barriers can make participation in multiple financial products more challenging. These findings have not been adequately tackled by academic literature, but are most relevant for MFI stakeholders and policy makers. If gender-sensitive or pro-poor income generation is at the heart of the mission of MFIs, corrective measures to these forms of adverse externalities should be considered.
Domestic Preparedness for Trade in Services Liberalization: Are East African Countries prepared for Further Trade Liberalization?
Authors: Bagumhe Elias Peter
Published: October 2017

Services are the fastest growing sectors in the global economy. Over the past decades East African countries have witnessed even faster growing rates of the share of trade services in their GDPs. The total services export of EAC countries increased from USD 1868 mills in 1995 to USD 5681 mills in 2008 (WDI 2010) which is approximately three times increase compared to 1995. Along with this growth, liberalization of services trade is becoming a critical economic agenda of these economies. EAC countries have also made unilateral liberalizations in a number of services sectors since the mid 1980’s. On top of that EAC countries have also made commitment to liberalize service trade at the multilateral level. Furthermore a significant commitment of their services sectors has been made under the East African Integration Process beginning from first July 2010. This paper argues that although the importance of services as a share of overall GDP, increase with growth on FDI and employment. Its growth can be driven by number of factors, such as final demand factors and basic structural changes in production, linked to development. Weak domestic preparedness before opening up is likely to be associated with unsatisfactory and undesirable outcomes of services trade liberalization. This paper tries to expound issues that are essential on domestic preparedness for service trade liberalization and analyses the associated concerns. The purpose of this paper is not to provide answers but to shed some light on how services Trade liberalization is currently operationalized in the East African countries, in particular, that is, to open up the “black box”, and indicate the operational design elements around which variance is the highest.CITE AS:Bagumhe, E. P. (2012). Preparación doméstica para la liberalización del comercio de servicios. ¿Están los países africanos preparados para una mayor liberalización comercial?. Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies, 1 (2): 28-51
Methodologies to assess the development impact of loan aid: the European experience
Authors: Buendía Luis
Published: October 2017

In this paper we analyse the methodologies used by the main European Development Finance Institutions (EDFIs) to assess the development impact of their operations. To do so, we identify the selection criteria of the projects funded by EDFIs using both a literature review −including their own web pages− and on-site interviews. After a short introduction, we start examining the theoretical foundations of the EDFIs’ activities, explaining in the next section what EDFIs are and how they operate. In section 3 we focus on the ex ante methodologies used by the major EDFIs to assess their development impact and in section 4 we present the conclusions of our research.CITE AS:Buendía, L. (2013). Metodologías para la evaluación del impacto en desarrollo de la ayuda reembolsable: la experiencia europea. Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies, 2 (1): 94-117
La coherencia de políticas para el desarrollo en España: desafíos, percepciones, intereses y resistencias institucionales
Authors: Millán-Acevedo Natalia
Published: October 2017

From a human development perspective, government policy should be to ensuring the free exercise of Human Rights for all citizens. Furthermore, governments must consider that those rights should not be restricted or limited by individual’s nationality. In this context, Policy Coherence for Development (PCD) acquires a fundamental importance. This article aims at analyzing the PCD agenda in Spain and the bureaucratic resistance to this agenda within the Spanish Government. The article concludes that the problem of PCD in Spain refers more related to some actors ´s private interests than to a confrontation between local and foreign the Human Rights, at it is sometimes stated by official authorities.
Crisis, poverty and hunger. Food sovereignty as an alternative
Authors: Hidalgo-Moratal Moisés
Published: October 2017

In this paper we analyse the causes behind the recent food crises (2008, 2011) through the study of the evolution of neo-liberal globalisation and the current world crisis. We seek the causes of hunger in factors such as the growing inequalities in income and the evolution of prices in world agricultural markets. We also analyse certain methods for measuring under-nourishment, with the aim of selecting those that we consider most coherent in order to to achieve this end, by making a number of critical observations on the subject. In accordance with various widely proven theories, we hold that food crises occur as a consequence of structural lack of the right to access to food, and not as a result of a non existent food shortage. In this context, we examine the alternative possibilities currently offered by food sovereignty, a concept that originates in international social movements and which has been found in the daily life of various rural areas, and is, at the same time, consistent with several critical theories originating from the academic world.CITE AS:Hidalog-Moratal, M. (2013). Crisis, pobreza y hambre. La soberanía alimentaria como alternativa. Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies, 2 (2): 4-37