bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remotely-sensed vegetation greening along a restoration gradient of a tropical forest, Kibale National Park, Uganda
Authors: Valtonen Anu , Korkiatupa Eveliina , Holm Sille , Malinga Geoffrey , Nakadai Ryosuke
Published: April 2021

Restoration has now emerged as a global priority, with international
initiatives such as the “UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration
(2021-2030)”. To fulfil the large-scale global restoration ambitions,
an essential step is the monitoring of vegetation recovery after
restoration interventions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the
utility of remotely-sensed vegetation indices, Normalized Difference
Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), to monitor
the rate of forest regeneration across a tropical forest restoration
project area in Kibale National Park, Uganda. As a result, we observed
non-linear patterns in NDVI and EVI across the first 25 years of
recovery. Both NDVI and EVI increase for the first 10 years of forest
regeneration. This “greening” phase could be used as the indicator of
successful onset of forest recovery. In particular, the decline of
elephant grass, which suppresses the natural regeneration of trees in
our area, can be detected as an increase in NDVI. Primary forests
differed from the 25-year-old regenerating forests based on the unique
combination of low mean and low seasonal variation in EVI. Our results,
therefore, suggest that the long-term success of forest restoration
could be monitored by evaluating how closely the combination of mean,
and degree of seasonal variation in EVI, resembles that observed in the
primary forest.
The size and the age of the metabolically active carbon in tree roots
Authors: Hilman Boaz , Muhr Jan , Helm Juliane , Kuhlmann Iris , Schulze Erst-Detlef , Trumbore Susan
Published: April 2021

Little is known about the sources and age of C respired from tree roots.
Previous research in tree stems has identified two functional pools of
non-structural carbohydrates (NSC): an ‘active’ pool supplied directly
from canopy photo-assimilates that supports metabolism and a ‘stored’
pool used when fresh C supplies are limited. We compared the C isotope
composition of water soluble NSC and respired CO for
aspen roots (Populus tremula hybrids) that were cut off fresh C
supply via stem-girdling and prolonged incubation of excised roots. We
used bomb radiocarbon to estimate the time elapsed since C fixation for
respired CO, water-soluble C, and structural
α-cellulose. While freshly excised roots respired CO
with mean age <1 yr, within a week the age increased to
1.6-2.9 yr. Freshly excised roots from trees girdled ~3
months previously had similar respiration rates and NSC stocks as
un-girdled trees, but respired older C (~1.2 yr). We
estimate the NSC in girdled roots must be replaced 5-7 times by reserves
remobilized from root-external sources. Using a mixing model and
observed correlations between ΔC of water-soluble C
and α-cellulose, we estimate ~30% of C is ‘active’
(~5 mg C g).
Do Director Networks Help Managers Forecast Better?
Authors: Schabus Mario
Published: April 2021

I examine whether directors' superior access to information through their board network improves the accuracy of firms' forecasting. Managers may benefit from well-connected directors (i.e., board centrality) as they may have limited insight into market developments or decision-making processes of other firms beyond knowledge specific to their firm. Employing a sample of U.S.-listed companies, I separately examine the effect of within-firm variation in direct and indirect board connections on management earnings forecast accuracy. The study contributes by showing that higher-degree connections can have an economically significant effect on the accuracy of management forecasts, regardless of firms' board interlocks. Further analyses point toward well-connected directors' ability to provide managers with valuable advice in a forecasting context, which complements directors' more extensively studied role in preventing managerial expropriation.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: G3; L14; M41.
Impact of orthognathic surgery on the prevalence of dehiscence in Class II and Class III surgical-orthodontic patients:
Authors: dos Santos Monique Cimão , Iwaki Lilian Cristina Vessoni , Valladares-Neto José , Inoue-Arai Maristela Sayuri , Ramos Adilson Luiz
Published: April 2021

Objectives

The objectives were to evaluate and compare the presence of bone dehiscence before and after orthognathic surgery.

Materials and Methods

In this retrospective study, 90 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans from 45 patients were evaluated. Class II (n = 23) and Class III (n = 22) orthodontic patients who were being prepared for orthognathic surgery were measured. CBCT scans were obtained about 30 days prior to (T0) and 6 months after (T1) double jaw orthognathic surgery. The distance between the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and the alveolar bone crest was assessed at the buccal and lingual surfaces of all teeth, on both sides and arches, except for the second premolars and the second and third molars. A total of 1332 sites were measured for Class II (644) and Class III (688) patients. The software used was OsiriX (version 3.3 32-bit). Data were compared with Wilcoxon and McNemar tests at the 5% level.

Results

Bone dehiscence before surgery was present in 26% and 15% of the Class II and III groups, respectively. The presence of dehiscence increased to 31% in the Class II and 20% in the Class III patients after surgery (P < .05).

Conclusions

The prevalence of dehiscence increased slightly in Class II and Class III surgical-orthodontic patients after orthognathic surgery. Temporary vascular supply reduction and oral hygiene difficulties may explain these results; however, more studies are needed.
A predictive model of “favorable” and “unfavorable” anteroposterior skeletal relations among Class Is and Class IIs
Authors: Bleyer Jacob S. , Tadlock Larry , Kesterke Matthew , Buschang Peter H.
Published: April 2021

Objectives

To validate the use of the sagittal distance between ANS and Pg (ANSPg) as a measure of favorable and unfavorable anteroposterior skeletal relations and to identify multivariate cephalometric measures that could be used to predict favorable and unfavorable relations at 15 years of age.

Materials and Methods

This longitudinal study included 226 untreated adolescents evaluated at 10 and 15 years of age. Patients were grouped as “favorable” or “unfavorable” based on the ANSPg (measured parallel to S-N -7°) at 15 years of age (ANSPg15). ANSPg15 was validated based on its correlation with changes in ANSPg between 10 and 15 years of age, as well as its relationships with established measures of growth potential. Multiple regression and discriminant analyses were performed to predict ANSPg15 from measures at 10 years of age.

Results

ANSPg15 and the change in ANSPg between 10 and 15 years of age were significantly correlated (R= –0.661; P ≤ .001), with 77% of patients in whom relationships improved (ie, distance decreased) exhibiting favorable relationships at 15 years of age. Established measures of growth potential were significantly (P < .001) correlated with ANSPg15 and showed significant differences between patients with favorable and unfavorable relations. Multiple regression showed that the Y-axis, ANS-N-Pg, and symphyseal angle measured at 10 years explained approximately 60% (R = 0.78) of the variation in ANSPg15. Based on these three variables, discriminant function correctly predicted favorable or unfavorable relations of ANSPg15 77% of the time.

Conclusions

ANSPg15 was a valid measure for determining favorable and unfavorable anteroposterior skeletal relationships that could be predicted with moderately high levels of accuracy.
Gender Violence & Alcohol Consumption Relation and Consequences
Authors: Águila Gutiérrez Yaíma
Published: April 2021

Alcoholism is recognized as the most transcendent and widespread of drug addictions. Alcoholic consumption often leads to manifestations of violence that may or may not constitute crimes. Frequently the manifestations of violence are manifested in the family context and are based on gender issues, emerging intra-family gender violence. Gender Violence and alcohol consumption are frequently associated because of the effect of alcohol in human behavior; also they cause similar effects in human health. In the scene of family relationships, mane crimes are consequence of gender violence under alcohol consumption, frequently highlighting the crimes of threats, injuries and murder. This relation was verified in a criminological study in Cárdenas during 2018, by the commission of crime as: injure, threat and murder
The Pandemic Crisis: Time for Digitization of Higher Education in Tunisia
Authors: Fekih Naima
Published: April 2021

Our article highlights the negative impacts of Covid-19 on higher education in Tunisia. The future is uncertain for everyone, especially students who face a world paralyzed by the pandemic. Based on a qualitative study based on the Focus Group method among students, teachers, researchers, directors, a number of parents and members of civil society, we want to know how the Coronavirus has affected education and how universities cope with different changes. Our work focuses on the lessons learned from containment as well as the potential positive benefits to higher education. Our results show that the pandemic has forced universities to explore new methods of teaching and learning, including through distance and online education. This solution has proven difficult for students and teachers, who not only have to cope with the emotional, social and economic challenges posed by Covid-19 by doing their best to curb the spread of the virus. The higher education sector has made remarkable headway through accelerating digitization and the pursuit of distance education during the pandemic, but constraints persist. Our article will provide interested parties with a set of courses of action helping to structure such a policy of transformation towards digital education in a changing university landscape. The challenge is to invent a more flexible higher education that offers active pedagogies by integrating the contributions of digital technology and relying on research, and which can meet the different expectations of students.
The Nature of the Principle of Deterrence in the Nuclear Actions of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Sarmadi Hamid
Published: April 2021

US foreign policy during the Obama administration, especially in the second term, has focused to resolve its international crises in the Middle East and tried to resolve the Iranian nuclear issue. In the current article, different approaches are brought forth in the field of discerning deterrence mechanisms that are feasible against asymmetric hazards. In the following, the attempts has been made to answer the question of how deterrence can be utilized as a mechanism to face asymmetric threats, and what role can Iran's nuclear program play in deterring countries in power in this process?. Hence, from the analysis of the mentioned model, we will present the main and major assumptions of the current article under four headings: deterrent measures, coercive measures, anti-deployment measures and counter-offensive measures. The tensions between Iran and the West are not the product of Iran's nuclear program, but are based on the religious ideology of the Iranian government and Israel's presence in the region, although the role of some Arab countries, especially Saudi Arabia, should not be disregarded. The hypothesis under consideration is that US foreign policy in the Iranian nuclear case has been directed towards the interaction of national interests by following the rational, organizational and bureaucratic model of decision-making models. The result of the research is that think tanks are very determining in leading the US government to the White House foreign policy decision-maker towards Iran, so that diplomacy actors cannot escape it. And public opinion seeks to make Iran's nuclear energy dangerous and to prevent Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon as a serious threat to humanity. Though, the Islamic Republic of Iran, with its power to obtain nuclear weapons, does not intend to build a nuclear bomb, nor does it intend to make the world insecure. The power of reaching to a nuclear weapon can play a key and major role for Iran as a deterrent, and Iran intends to use nuclear energy not to build a bomb but to make it peaceful.
Political Deliberative Process and Consensus: A Review of Objections to Liberal Democracy
Authors: Ribeiro Balera José Eduardo
Published: April 2021

In contemporary times, several theories have highlighted the role of democracy in resolving public controversies, especially in the face of pluralism. Based on this scenario, this article aims to resize some of the main criticisms of liberal democracy. Therefore, initially, the essay presents the striking features of the political thought of Jürgen Habermas and John Rawls for the proper understanding of this review. Then, these characteristics are confronted with objections formulated by Chantal Mouffe, who is an advocate of a concept of agonistic democracy.
E-SPORTS: EVIDENCIANDO A APRENDIZAGEM COLABORATIVA NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE UM TORNEIO DE JOGOS DIGITAIS
Authors: Lopes Ferreira José Ricardo , Silvio Cavalcante Pimentel Fernando
Published: April 2021

Os e-Sports são uma vertente competitiva dos jogos digitais de abordagem profissional, com características semelhantes aos esportes tradicionais. Dito isso, temos por objetivo identificar como o processo de construção de um torneio de jogos digitais por estudantes do ensino médio de uma escola privada pode desenvolver uma aprendizagem colaborativa. A referida experiência teve a duração de cinco semanas, culminando com a realização de um torneio de League of Legends. Como metodologia de pesquisa foi adotada uma abordagem qualitativa do tipo descritiva. Para coletar os dados produzidos utilizou-se um diário de campo. Os dados foram sistematizados em mapas conceituais categorizados em: autonomia, interação e colaboração. De um modo geral, podemos concluir que a abordagem adotada para delinear a construção do torneio promoveu um ambiente que propiciou a aprendizagem colaborativa com base na interação, autonomia e colaboração dos estudantes no decorrer da construção do torneio.
The development of student activity sheet on trigonometric material based on local culture
Authors: Lakapu Meryani , Dosinaeng Wilfridus Beda Nuba , Leton Samuel Igo
Published: April 2021

Mathematics and culture are two different things, but they have a very close relationship in everyday life included in learning activities. Therefore, this research aims to describes the process and results of developing student activity sheets based on local culture on Simple Trigonometric Function Graphs. This research type is research and development. The product developed in this research is a student activity sheet based on local culture on Simple Trigonometric Function Graphics. Student activity sheets are developed based on a modified 4-D development model, which consists of defining, designing, and developing. At the definition stage; conducted a preliminary analysis, student analysis, material analysis, task analysis and specification of learning objectives. At the design stage; The preparation of student activity sheets based on local culture is carried out, selecting the format and then doing the initial design. At the development stage; The design results are validated by the expert and then revised according to the expert's notes. From the results of the research and data analysis conducted by researchers, it was found that the student activity sheets developed had met the criteria for good learning tools because they were declared valid, practical and effective.
Aplicabilidade da toxina botulínica na Odontologia
Authors: Muniz Max Lucas , Celória Antônio Aparecido , Correa Ana Karina Fonseca de Carvalho Calderan
Published: April 2021

A botulinum toxin (BT) was the first toxin used in the history of human medicine, it is a toxin used by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which later isolated the demonstration used to solve some problems caused by musculature, because BT being applied to the muscle promotes a reduction in the force of contraction. Among the eight known serotypes of this toxin, those currently used in medicine are types A and B. This review article discusses mainly BT type A (BTA), because it is used in dentistry. Still within facial use, we can highlight the application in cases of gingival smile associated with muscle strength, without assistance in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders, without bruxism and orthodontics.
Uso de fios faciais de tração como um meio para o rejuvenescimento facial – relato de caso
Authors: Ziroldo Sidmarcio , Farias Ana Paula Freitas , Setubal Morgana Martins , Polak Junior Pedro Ivo , Gonçalves Talge Monteiro Celuppi
Published: April 2021

Among the procedures for facial rejuvenation, thread lift are currently widespread among professionals and highly sought after by patients. This demand can be justified because they are procedures, without incisions, shorter inactivy time, low operating time, and for the risk of postoperative complications when compared to rhytidoplasty. These are procedures capable of promoting collagen stimulation, elevating ptosis tissues, and adding volume to the application areas contributing to the restructuring of the face. Thread lift have evolved considerably over the years and can be now meet on absorbable devices based on polydioxanone and polylactic acid. In this article is proposed the use of Fiobloc® thread lift for the purpose of assessing their affectiveness in the replacement of ptosis tissues.
Diseño óptimo de un proceso de captura de CO2 mediante un sistema de reactores rotatorios
Authors:   , Aguilar Cardoso Julio David
Published: April 2021

Process intensification has been a tool used in different fields of study such as energy, chemical and process engineering, in order to reduce design and operation costs. The CO2 capture process has been studied under the intensification conditions presenting good results. The present work presents the solution to a problem of minimization of design and operation costs of a pilot carbon dioxide capture plant, which uses rotary reactors for gas capture and regeneration of the absorbent (Monoethanolamine). The optimal design of the plant aims to find the right size for the main equipment of the process such as rotary reactors and heat exchanger. The solution of this problem is made through the selection of representative mathematical models of the equipment used obtained from the literature, as well as important restrictions for the correct and true operation of the plant; In addition, the results obtained are compared with those of a plant that uses absorption and desorption columns. The results reveal a significant reduction in size, in contrast, operating costs increase. However, the total cost is greatly reduced.
DESENVOLVIMENTO TERRITORIAL SOB A LENTE DA CAPACIDADE ABSORTIVA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Saraiva Piekas Andrezza Aparecida , Comin Lidiane Cássia , Cazella Carla Fabiana , Carvalho Carlos Eduardo , Julkovski Dulcimar José
Published: April 2021

Este estudo apresenta uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre Capacidade Absortiva (CA) aplicada ao contexto do território. A partir de uma revisão de literatura, com o apoio de análise bibliométrica, realizamos um levantamento da produção científica publicada sobre o tema. Identificamos uma amostra final de 22 artigos científicos que tratam da temática, os quais foram categorizados e analisados, conforme metodologia empregada. A análise bibliométrica possibilitou descrever o estado da arte da abordagem de CA e território, explorando a evolução quantitativa dos estudos selecionados. Apesar de o conceito CA ser amplamente discutido no contexto da aprendizagem organizacional, o termo originou-se na literatura macroeconômica, sendo inicialmente aplicado ao contexto do desenvolvimento econômico. O tema ainda é um campo complexo e difuso, que requer novas investigações, com vistas a evolução e consolidação na literatura. Concluímos que a temática CA e território é ainda pouco desenvolvida, dispersa no tempo e espaço, o que se configura como um campo amplamente aberto para novas pesquisas, contribuindo para a geração de conhecimentos mais aprofundados acerca do tema. A leitura integrada dos artigos identificados e a análise de conteúdo, possibilitou explorar os diferentes temas de pesquisa. Essas análises possibilitaram a identificação de possíveis gaps e caminhos para pesquisas futuras, com proposições sugeridas, que podem ser significativos para o avanço da literatura.
Numerical study of a cracked pipeline under internal pressure
Authors: Abderraouf Khireche , Zohra Labed
Published: April 2021

In the industrial sectors, pipelines have been used as the most economical and safe means of transporting oil and gas (Pipelines). However, the number of accidents has increased considerably as their use has increased. As a result of the operating load and the pressure used, the thickness of the tube must be increased and the mechanical characteristics improved. This approach was applied to predict the growth of crack effect in samples of two pipelines at given thicknesses and pressures. We created cracks with deferential dimensions in both API X80 steel pipelines, with an application of deferential internal pressures. For the simulations, we used the code ANSYS.
Freeze Drying as a Method of Long-Term Conservation of Mammalian Semen – A Review
Authors: Rajska Iwona
Published: April 2021

With the development of biotechnological methods that allow the manipulation and free exchange of genetic material, the methods for collecting and storing such material need to be improved. To date, freezing in liquid nitrogen has allowed the storage of cells and entire plant and animal tissues for practically unlimited times. However, alternatives are still being sought to eliminate the constant need to maintain samples at a low temperature. Lyophilization or freeze drying is an alternative to standard freezing procedures. The storage of samples (lyophilisates) does not require specialised equipment but only refines the preservation method itself. In the case of cells capable of movement e.g., sperm, they lose the ability to reach the oocyte in vivo and for in vitro fertilization (IVF) because of the lyophilization process. However, freeze-dried sperm may be used for in vitro fertilization by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), based on the results obtained in cleavage, embryo development and the production of live born offspring after embryo transfer. Studies on the lyophilization of sperm have been performed on many animal species, both in the laboratory and in livestock. This conservation method is considered to create biobanks for genetically valuable and endangered species with the simultaneous application of ICSI. This review article aimed to present the issues of the freeze-drying process of mammalian semen and help find solutions that will improve this technique of the long-term preservation of biological material.
Measurement of Straightness and Verticality of Sheet Piling
Authors: Kokoszka Wanda , Ochab Piotr , Gardzinska Anna
Published: April 2021

Sheet piling is commonly used in various areas of special construction. Embedded in the ground before carrying out excavation works, sheet piling constitutes an enclosure and protection for the designed excavation. It is a temporary enclosure and protection for excavations made for communication structures, launch shafts built for microtunnel construction, etc. In order to assess the quality of the engineering works related to the construction of sheet piling, measurements were made of straightness and verticality of the sheet piling used for the technological chambers. The measurements concerned two technological chambers of 7.2 and 6.4 m height. Inventory measurements were made using a total station of 1” accuracy and a leveling staff with the appliance of the so-called projection method. The two technological chambers were built in the investment area called “Infrastructure construction for rainwater drainage, water supply and sanitary sewage collection from the John Paul II International Airport Kraków-Balice.”
Multilingual Legal Discourse at the Court of Justice of the European Union
Authors: Paluszek Karolina
Published: April 2021

The European Union is an organisation that uses multiple languages, and its law is no exception. Dealing with over twenty authentic language versions of EU legislation appears to represent an additional challenge in the interpretation of the provisions of the common legal order. Unlike most other works, this article does not focus on the process of interpretation conducted by an adjudicating panel or an Advocate General, but rather on the statements of the parties involved in a dispute, or on the national courts that request a preliminary ruling when referring to multilingualism.

This work is divided into two separate parts. Firstly, the author focuses on cases whereby a national court or a party invokes the multilingual character of EU law. The second part is dedicated to the issue of multilingualism in EU case law. Unlike EU law, the judgments of the Court of Justice, as well as the Advocate Generals’ opinions, are authentic in certain languages only. However, research has proven that a solitary, authentic language version does not help to avoid problems the multilingual nature of European Union’s legal discourse.

Both issues have been analysed based on the texts of judgments and opinions passed in cases recently resolved by the CJEU. Of course, the statements of the parties or national courts referring to multilingualism do not always have a great influence on the final result of the case. Nevertheless, the unique perspective taken in this article can serve as a good illustration of the various possibilities one can make use of when using multilingual comparison in the process of legal interpretation.
Therapeutic Jurisprudence and Linguistic Rights: Beyond Access to Care
Authors: Léger-Riopel Nicholas
Published: April 2021

Therapeutic jurisprudence is an interdisciplinary examination on the effect of the law on the mental and emotional health of those implicated in the judicial process. It concentrates primarily on the psychological impact of legal rules and procedures, as well as on the behaviour of legal players. TJ is a tool not often used in the promotion of linguistic rights. Endowed with a double mission, both normative and descriptive, TJ makes it possible to measure the impact of health incidences. In providing legal reformers with more precise tools to assess the health impacts of new linguistic rights standards TJ offers such a path of implementation of linguistic rights – not only from the formal point of view, but by keeping in mind their actual effectiveness – integrating law and languages in a way to mitigate their consequences on a population’s health.
Trying an Accused Serial Sexual Harasser for Libel in a US Civil Court
Authors: Shuster Jonathan J. , Handler Mark
Published: April 2021

The goal of this article is to provide a class of MeToo# victims of a high-profile serial sexual harasser with a non-invasive method for civil action, when the accused publicly dismisses the victims’ claims as lies. When these libelous claims do occur, the victims can be assembled into a class-action libel/defamation case, which in most US states must be mounted within two years of the claim. Because under current civil methods, the plaintiffs would be subject to intense cross-examination in a civil jury trial, class-action lawsuits with small numbers of plaintiffs (e.g. 5–8) have proven impossible to conduct. This article provides a blueprint to create a collaboration amongst the victims, credibility-assessment (lie-detector) experts, statisticians, and MeToo# attorneys to litigate libel suits, which will likely produce out-of-court settlements. Once the first case is successfully completed, precedent will be set to bring other perpetrators to justice, and act as a deterrent to future exploitation. The evidentiary basis would be based on testing the null hypothesis that all plaintiffs are lying, to compare the inferred lying rates of the plaintiffs to similar population controls, who would be known liars, to a “Yes” answer to “Did X sexually harass you?”
Acute Physiological Responses to Ultra Short Race‐Pace Training in Competitive Swimmers
Authors: Williamson David , McCarthy Earl , Ditroilo Massimiliano
Published: April 2021

Ultra Short Race Pace training (USRPT) is an emerging training modality devised in 2011 to deviate from high-volume swimming training that is typically prescribed. USRPT aims to replicate the exact demands of racing, through its unique prescription of race-pace velocity sets with short rest intervals. It has been surmised, with little physiological evidence, that USRPT provides swimmers with the best opportunity to optimize the conditioning, technique, and psychology aspects of racing at the most specific velocity of the relevant event, with low blood lactate concentration. The aim of this study was to examine acute physiological responses of USRPT. Fourteen swimmers were recruited to perform a USRPT set: 20 x 25 m freestyle with a 35-s rest interval. Swimmers were required to maintain the velocity of their 100 m personal best time for each sprint. Sprint performance, blood lactate, heart rate and the RPE were measured. Blood lactate was taken before, during (after every 4 sprints) and 3 minutes after the USRPT protocol. Heart rate monitors were used to profile the heart rate. Athletes reported the RPE before- and after completion of the USRPT set. Sprint times increased by 3.3-10.8% when compared to the first sprint (p < 0.01). There was high blood lactate concentration (13.6 ± 3.1mmol/l), a significant change in the RPE from 8 ± 1.6 to 18 ± 1.6 (p < 0.01) and a substantially high heart rate profile with an average HRmax of 188 ± 9 BPM. The results show the maximal intensity nature of USRPT and portray it as an anaerobic style of training.
In-Season Assessment of Sprint Speed and Sprint Momentum in Rugby Players According to the Age Category and Playing Position
Authors: Zabaloy Santiago , Giráldez Julián , Gazzo Federico , Villaseca-Vicuña Rodrigo , González Javier
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the interval in which male rugby union players reach maximum speed in a 50 m sprint according to age categories and playing positions. This study also aimed to establish the optimal distance for the assessment of sprint speed and to compare the differences in anthropometrics, sprint and sprint momentum according to the age and playing position. Three hundred amateur rugby players performed anthropometric and physical fitness tests (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 m sprint times, acceleration, velocity, and sprint momentum) during the in-season period. Participants from different age categories (under 14’s (U14), under 16’s (U16), under 18’s (U18) and Seniors) and positions (forwards and backs) volunteered to participate in this study. Results revealed that most of the U14 and U16 players (58.2% and 55.3%, respectively) reached maximum speed in the interval between 20 and 30 m with lower sprint speed than U18 players and Seniors (44% and 49%, respectively). Comparisons between each interval showed significant differences for all U14 and U16 forwards, suggesting the fastest interval was between 20-30 m. No significant differences were found for U16 backs, U18 and Seniors, between sprint times in the 20-30 m and 3040 m intervals. In addition, between-group comparisons, demonstrated significant (p < 0.001) differences in U14 when compared to U16, U18 and Seniors in anthropometric variables, sprint times and sprint momentum. In conclusion, this study suggests that the optimal distance for the assessment of sprint speed of rugby players is 30 m and that body mass, sprint momentum and sprint speed clearly discriminate between players of different age categories and playing positions.
FORMULY ODPUSTENIA, PREPÁČENIA A OSPRAVEDLNENIA V PRAGMATICKÝCH SÚVISLOSTIACH1
Authors: Sokolová Jana
Published: April 2021

This study interprets the forgiveness, pardon and apology formulas in pragmatic contexts. We focus on (a) their interpretation from the perspective of primary and secondary use and on (b) the discoursive success of verb-noun collocations, i.e. collocations of the apologetic verbs and nouns with a common attribute of ‘transgression’. We start from the position of the speaker who presents himself/herself as either the offending or the damaged party. In the role of the offender, he/she either makes an apologetic utterance to the addressee, or asks/begs for an apology, pardon or forgiveness. In the role of the damaged, he/she conveys forgiveness and/or lack thereof, or excuse and/or lack thereof, to the interlocutor. The study focuses on the use of cooperation and politeness strategies (in particular the maxims of generosity and tactfulness) and the public face (we anticipate that the speaker awaits an ‘egocentric’ attitude). The formulas of secondary apologies will be interpreted as a specific politeness strategy that reflects the emphatic nature of the speaker toward the addressee and maximizes speaker's tactfulness. We will show that the Slovak language possesses these functionally supported formulaic and ritualized formulas: phatic and reconciliation formulas, formulas with the ‘lack of understanding’ function, reservations and warnings. The discoursive success of the verb-noun collocations will be identified through correspondence analysis, which renders a correspondence map showing the perimeters of mental apologetic zones in the Slovak language.
Triple-layer remote phosphor structure: a novel option for the enhancement of WLEDs’ color quality and luminous flux
Authors: Thi My Hanh Nguyen , That Phung Ton , Anh Nguyen Doan Quoc , Trang Tran Thanh
Published: April 2021

The remote phosphor as a lighting structure has outstanding luminous efficiency compared to other options, such as conformal or in-cup. However, the lack of uniformity in distributed color has prevented remote phosphor from wider development. The answer to the chromatic performance enhancement that has been suggested by numerous researchers is the multi-layer configuration with two or three different types of chromatic phosphor. The research purpose is to select the best configuration for multi-chip white LEDs (WLEDs) to achieve optimal results in color quality scale (CQS), color rendering index (CRI), light output and color homogeneity. WLEDs mentioned in this paper have two distinct color temperatures, 6600 K and 7700 K. Experimental results show that the remote phosphor structure with three phosphor layers is superior in terms of color rendering, chromatic performance, and emitted light. The deviation of correlated color measured in this structure is also low, which means that the color uniformity is greatly enhanced in this multi-layer lighting structure. This result can be demonstrated by analyzing the scattering characteristics of the phosphoric layers using the Mie theory. The research findings have proven the effectiveness of the multi-phosphor configuration and can serve as a guideline to fabricate WLEDs with better performance.
Research on Novel Denoising Method of Variational Mode Decomposition in MEMS Gyroscope
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Cao Huiliang , Jiao Yuzhao , Lou Taishan , Ding Guoqiang , Zhao Hongmei , Duan Xiaomin
Published: April 2021

The noise signal in the gyroscope is divided into four levels: sampling frequency level, device bandwidth frequency level, resonant frequency level, and carrier frequency level. In this paper, the signal in the dual-mass MEMS gyroscope is analyzed. Based on the variational mode decomposition (VMD) algorithm, a novel dual-mass MEMS gyroscope noise reduction method is proposed. The VMD method with different four-level center frequencies is used to process the original output signal of the MEMS gyroscope, and the results are analyzed by the Allan analysis of variance, which shows that the ARW of the gyroscope is increased from 1.998*10−1°/√h to 1.552*10−4°/√h, BS increased from 2.5261°/h to 0.0093°/h.
Feedback i dans: Et kvalitativt studium av mål og kriterier nyttig i danseundervisning i skolens grunnopplæring i kroppsøving og musikk
Authors: Karlsen Kristine Høeg
Published: April 2021

Dance is not prioritized in our official plans and curriculum (L-06) for Norwegian primary education, even though dance has become generally more recognized in society at large. If dance is going to have a future in Norwegian primary education, dance as a subject needs to be defined, delimited and verbalized (Nordaker 2010). An important component of this is to define qualities and criteria salient when setting achievement goals for the subject. In this article a subset of criteria for use when teaching creative dance are suggested to accommodate this. The criteria are empirically grounded and can work as a starting point for further research on criteria for teaching and assessing dance in primary education. A starting point for the study was the School of Contemporary Dance (SCD) project “My Body”, an individual assignment set for all the students at the school at the time. The article is a spin-off and continuation of my master’s thesis (Eliassen 2007a).
Understanding the Country Image-Travel Motivation Nexus in Emerging Tourism Typologies for South Africa
Authors: Matiza Tafadzwa , Slabbert Elmarie
Published: April 2021

Introduction.
This paper explores the influence of country image on the evaluation of a destination’s attributes from the perspective of inbound tourists to South Africa - within the context of both business and medical tourism.

Material and methods.
Data were generated from a self-administered questionnaire distributed as part of a survey of inbound tourists visiting South Africa’s Table Mountain. Factor analysis and multiple regression were employed to determine the factors and establish their relationship, respectively.

Results.
The results suggest that South Africa’s image as a country influences tourist’s perception of the country and its destination attributes. More intriguingly, the results show that South Africa’s image is subject to both stereotypes and the country-of-origin effect.

Conclusion.
The paper concludes that country image is a significant heuristic cue in the appraisal of the destination attributes that motivate inbound tourist travel behaviour. More so, it is aspects such as the ability to manage its affairs, nationally branded exports and the availability of international business-related opportunities that may be most influential to South Africa’s perceived image in tourist decision-making.
The Case Study of Canvas Model of Rubber Tire Recycling in Turkey
Authors: Horuz Deniz , Çörekçioğlu Selim
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, problems related to waste tires are increasing. The worn-out vehicle tires are abundant, together with worthless waste. Besides, it causes environmental pollution and it harms human health. Nowadays, too many car tires are being produced and the old tires are beginning to become a problem. The old tires can be decomposed or burned to get energy or heat. One of the most effective ways to get rid of these problems is to recycle the waste tires and use them in a different area. In this paper, the study was based on basic information about the waste tires and its recycling technologies. Based on this study, the canvas model has been created to show how to run a business with recycling the worn-out tires.
Prosodic Interactions in Anishinaabemowin Verbs
Authors: Frazier Sonja
Published: April 2021

This research aims to better understand the link between prosody and verbs in Anishinaabemowin by investigating pitch placement in relation to verb placement in Anishinaabemowin utterances. The data is from a story by Ogimaawigwaebiik archived in Dibaajimowinaan; Anishinaabe Stories of Culture and Respect. 

Anishinaabemowin, also known as Ojibwe, is a member of the Algonquin language family and is spoken throughout Southern Ontario and the Northern United States (Fairbanks, 2017). It is a polysynthetic language meaning it primarily uses affixes to convey meaning, particularly on the verbs. Prosody is the organization of various linguistics units (words, pitch, tone) into an utterance in the process of speech production. It conveys not only linguistics information but also contextual cues, intentions and attitudes (Fujisaki, 1997). 

This research utilized two audio softwares, Audacity and Praat, to clean and segment the audio into utterances and then token sentences were selected based on verb placement (verb initial, verb second and verb final). These token sentences will be analyzed for pitch placement and then compared to see if verb placement affects prosody, further expanding on the current literature which states that pitch defaults to the verb (Frazier, accepted). This research is particularly important because there is a gap in existing literature on prosody in Anishinaabemowin and there are no experimental studies such as this. 

References: 

Fairbanks, B. (2017). Ojibwe Discourse Markers. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.

Frazier, S., Déchaine, R.M, & Dufresne, M. (accepted). The Syntax of Discourse: What an Anishinaabemowin Oral Text Teaches Us. 2020 CLA Proceedings. 

Fujisaki, H. (1997). Prosody, models, and spontaneous speech. In Computing prosody (pp. 27-42). Springer, New York, NY. 

Ogimaawigwaebiik [Nancy Jones] 2013. Gakina Dibaajimowin Gwayakwaawan.  In Dibaajimowinaan; Anishinaabe Stories of Culture and respect; Nigaanigiizhig [Jim Saint-Arnold] (ed.), Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission, 9-10.
The Tempest and A Tempest: Evolving Representations of Colonialism
Authors: Fraser Jessie
Published: April 2021

Shakespeare’s 17th century The Tempest, written during early British colonial times, tells the story of Prospero, the Duke of Milan, who arrives at an island with his infant daughter and enslaves its Indigenous natives, Caliban and Ariel. The play is an allegory of European colonization and imperialism that both promotes colonization and begins to question it. Cesaire’s A Tempest, written in 1969 and approaching a post-colonial era, takes the political and ethical questions surrounding colonialism even further. These questions in both plays are rooted within the relationship between Caliban, one of the island’s Indigenous natives, and the European settler, Prospero. Though Cesaire’s A Tempest is an adaptation of Shakespeare’s original play, it differs significantly from The Tempest in that Cesaire’s narrative is a post-colonial work and thus presented from the perspective of the native population, represented by the character Caliban, rather than Prospero’s settler perspective which was the focus of Shakespeare’s narrative. This post-colonial perspective alters our understanding of Prospero and Caliban from civilizing settler and savage to abusive colonizer and abused colonized, or master and slave. This power relationship is demonstrated through the two characters’ portrayals in the two plays, their power dynamics, and their use of language as a tool both of colonization and rebellion.
Nationality, Authenticity and Food: A Revisiting on the History of Chop Suey
Authors: Wei Yizeng
Published: April 2021

In the early twentieth century, the authenticity of chop suey was challenged by mainstream American media, as journalists could not find evidence of the dish in China. This caused a decline in the availability of chop suey in the American restaurants. However, chop suey was simultaneously recognized as a Chinese food by educated Chinese elites such as Liang Qichao, who raised no concerns about its authenticity. This article examines the difference between Chinese elites and the American media and discusses the relationships among food, authenticity and nationality. It argues that despite the different perceptions of Chinese elites and the American media, they both used a single standard to determine whether chop suey was “Chinese food” and failed to realize the close relationship between the Chinese community and American society. Both were influenced by a common perception of Chinese communities as isolated within American society and separate from other groups and close contact with China.
Estimating Energy Expenditure Using Wearable Sensors During Locomotion
Authors: Mohammad Mohammad , McAllister Megan , Selinger Jessica
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Measures of metabolic energy expenditure can provide valuable insight into healthy and impaired gait, the design and control of assistive devices, and rehabilitation progress. The gold standard for estimating energy expenditure during locomotion is indirect calorimetry, where oxygen use is captured at the mouth. Although accurate, indirect calorimetry systems are expensive, cumbersome, and often limited to lab settings.

Objective. The aim of our research is to develop a lightweight, portable, and low-cost method for accurately estimating energy expenditure using wearable sensors. Our method must meet the following design criteria: i. estimate walking and running energy expenditure within 5% error of gold standard measures, ii. maintain accuracy given changes to terrain and external loads, iii. provide a continuous estimate with estimate intervals a maximum of one minute apart, and iv. cost under $1000.

Methods. In pilot testing, we instrumented two participants (male, 21-22 years, 84-90 kg, 1.88-1.90m) with indirect calorimetry to measure gold standard energy expenditure, as well as the following wearable sensors: an accelerometer at the pelvis and foot, a heart rate monitor, and a respiratory belt. The participants walked and ran on a predefined outdoor route on Queen’s campus, including sections with distinct average inclines (0% and 5%). Participants also wore ankle weights (3% body weight) for particular sections of the route. We will use a multiple regression analysis, with cross-validation design, to predict energy expenditure using custom metrics derived from the wearable sensors.
Fighting climate change: What’s being mindful, outside and at school got to do with it?
Authors: Pham Brian
Published: April 2021

Although climate change education strategies have succeeded in spreading awareness, they also create a sense of fear and urgency that not only fails to change environmentally unsustainable behavior but may increase this behavior. The failure of current strategies and the paradoxical increase of environmentally unsustainable behavior may be explained by a theory known as terror management theory. This theory posits that if people are faced with an existential crisis, like climate change, they may cling even tighter onto their current ways. A novel solution to alleviate terror management theory is inspiring and empowering people. Inspiration and empowerment will teach people to see environmentally sustainable behavior as a healthier alternative to their current ways rather than an existential crisis. Therefore, they are more likely to welcome change rather than fear it. My study aims to see if mindfulness, connection to nature, and differing undergraduate programs affects sustainable consumption behavior. These factors are thought to inspire and empower people. If these factors can affect sustainable consumption behavior, then they may inspire and empower people to fight climate change. I predict that individuals who are more mindful and connected to nature will also have more sustainable consumption behavior. Furthermore, programs that highlight environmental issues will allow students to have a better connection to nature and more sustainable consumption behavior. If there is evidence to support, my hypotheses then factors that influence sustainable consumption behavior should be taught in schools. These factors would not only increase environmental behavior but increase the student’s overall wellbeing.