bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desafios para uma abordagem CTS dos artefatos das biotecnociências
Authors: Turco Claudia Santos , Paiva Eduardo Nazareth
Published: May 2021

Este texto levanta as dimensões de análise que surgem ao pesquisar novas biotecnologias em um Programa de Pós-Graduação em História das Ciências e das Técnicas e Epistemologia. O desafio é seguir uma nova biotecnologia que está sendo implementada com o objetivo de controlar algumas arboviroses, como dengue, zika e chikungunya. O olhar proposto relaciona-se, por um lado, com a recusa em analisar uma tecnologia como algo separado de seu contexto de criação e utilização e, por outro, com a ideia de que os artefatos das biotecnociências se criam e recriam constantemente num entrelace de relações socionaturais e que estes têm sua própria linha de atuação, sua agência, nem sempre de acordo com as expectativas humanas.
Logística reversa: uma breve análise histórico-sociológica
Authors: Dos Santos Castro Fernanda , Barroco Isabelly Sette , Tamiasso-Martinhon Priscila , Sanches Rocha Angela , Regina Sousa Celia
Published: May 2021

Questões ambientais têm apresentado grande visibilidade na sociedade contemporânea devido a problemas oriundos do alto consumo e descarte incorreto de produtos tecnológicos. Estes rejeitos liberam substâncias altamente poluentes na natureza, colocando em risco os diversos ecossistemas e a biota humana. Como consequência, há um crescente número de pesquisas buscando processos mais eficientes e ecologicamente corretos, que possam suprir as carências existentes no cenário socioambiental. O presente estudo promove uma análise no âmbito histórico e sociológico acerca do aprimoramento de conceitos como Gestão Ambiental e Logística Reversa e a sua eventual aplicabilidade no tratamento de insumos e no processo de reciclagem no âmbito da mitigação dos danos ambientais gerados pelos rejeitos contemporâneos.
As Mulheres nas prisões brasileiras:
Authors: Grizente Ivaneide , Dantas Regina
Published: May 2021

O presente estudo, recorte de investigação de doutoramento, tem como objetivo, descrever as condições das mulheres nas prisões brasileiras, e discutir a sobrevivência das crianças que nascem nas prisões. A base inicial, é o elevado número de mulheres presas por tráfico de drogas, em consequência de seus relacionamentos amorosos. O estudo restrito a pesquisas bibliográficas apurou que as presidiárias são em grande maioria, jovens, negras e mães. Esta última, aponta para um problema grave – o futuro e condições psicossociais das crianças que nasceram enquanto suas mães estão presas. O estudo conclui que a condição de gênero não é levada em conta por ocasião da prisão, mesmo quando grávida. Chamamos atenção também para os danos causados às crianças que nasceram de mães presidiárias.
Trabalho, Práxis, Poiesis: Trabalhando na Complexidade
Authors: Ferreira Matheus Henrique , Olivera José Carlos de
Published: May 2021

Buscamos nessa produção propor algumas aproximações iniciais entre as ideias de Edgar Morin e alguns pensadores da tradição marxiana da qual ele se nutre, em particular a obra de Lukács em suas considerações sobre a importância do Trabalho na constituição do ser social. Avaliamos em um primeiro momento a possibilidade de incluir Morin na tradição marxiana a partir da crítica da crítica, ou seja, criticando aquelas que são apontadas como falhas essenciais em seu trabalho. Em seguida comparamos e coadunamos as diferentes definições de trabalho de Morin, Lukács e Karel Kosik a partir dos escritos de Eleutério Prado, para concluir com considerações sobre o Trabalho em tempos contemporâneos.
Augusto dos Anjos e a crítica da ciência pela ciência: um testemunho do debate cientificista na Primeira República através da poesia
Authors: Da Mota Ferreira Daniel Henrique
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho procura analisar o debate sobre o cientificismo no início da República, período da institucionalização das ciências, através da obra de Augusto dos Anjos. Para tanto, o artigo estipula a partir das tipologias de Sevcenko como a literatura entendeu o debate da época e como Augusto dos Anjos conseguiu, em uma posição intermediária, traçar uma crítica ao cientificismo por meio de sua utilização consciente. Ao fim, propõe-se que sua contribuição ao debate da época demonstra as qualidades da poesia como forma de testemunho e como produtora de reflexividade.
A informação científica e o público leigo
Authors: Sousa Amanda Moura de
Published: May 2021

Na disseminação de desinformação e sua aceitação como real pelos usuários de redes sociais, existem questões ideológicas e comerciais envolvidas. Neste trabalho, o objetivo principal é investigar os fatores relacionados à capacidade do usuário de inferir que tal informação é verdadeira, apresentando discussão teórica a partir de estudos que correlacionem mente e informação, como viés de confirmação de Peter Cathcart Wason (1924-2003), e a lógica da abdução estabelecida por Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914). Também compõe o estudo a conceituação de notícia falsa (fake news), desinformação e pós-verdade. Não é a pretensão apontar um único caminho para a questão, mas ressaltar aspectos cognitivos associados à capacidade dos indivíduos de inferir a realidade segundo crenças preestabelecidas.
Dois enfoques conceituais para a pesquisa científica sobre sistemas locais de sementes
Authors: Bianconi Fernandes Gabriel , Oliveira José Carlos de
Published: May 2021

O conhecimento que os agricultores familiares aplicam em suas práticas de conservação, seleção e uso de sementes crioulas é muitas vezes tido pela ciência agrícola institucionalizada como atrasado, embora sejam, ao mesmo tempo, saberes responsáveis pela conservação de recursos genéticos centrais para a garantia da segurança alimentar e desenvolvidos no contexto de sistemas agrícolas mais resilientes aos efeitos das mudanças climáticas. O mesmo conhecimento que pode ser negado em suas credenciais epistêmicas pode ser valorizado enquanto fonte de prospecção de genes de interesse da indústria e de matéria prima para o desenvolvimento de sementes comerciais. A ecologia de saberes de Boaventura de Souza Santos e o pluralismo metodológico de Hugh Lacey são usados comparativamente para se discutir essa contradição. São apresentadas estratégias de pesquisa que permitem investigar a fecundidade do conhecimento tradicional incorporado nas sementes crioulas.
O Monista: a visão de mundo do Energetismo de Ostwald
Authors: Rocha Bichara Marcelo Raphael , Benevenuto Guisard Koehler Carlos
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho é uma resenha atualizada de um importante, porém desconhecido, artigo de filosofia da ciência intitulado “The Monist” (1907), do químico germânico natural da Letônia: Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald (1853 - 1932), considerado o pai da físico-química. Nele o autor argumenta a favor de sua doutrina do Energetismo, uma visão de mundo não-dualista que, segundo ele, poderia fornecer à ciência um fundamento filosófico único para todas as disciplinas, unificando não somente a física e a química, mas também as ciências biológica, social e psicológica. Adotando uma postura paradoxalmente instrumentalista e realista ao mesmo tempo, o químico-filósofo lança questões ainda abertas para a ciência do futuro.
Interdisciplinaridade e avaliação Capes: um estudo de caso de um programa indisciplinado
Authors: De Oliveira Cardoso Maria Cristina , Rodrigues Ana Lúcia Faria da Costa , Oliveira Cardoso Maria Cristina de , de Oliveira da Silva Alves Flávia Ernesto , Santos Turco Claudia , Macedo Costa Dantas Regina Maria
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho pretende trazer reflexões sobre os desafios da pós-graduação no campo interdisciplinar em seus processos de avaliação pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/CAPES, tendo como estudo de caso o Programa de Pós-Graduação em História das Ciências e das Técnicas e Epistemologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - HCTE/UFRJ. O trabalho seguirá os conceitos de interdisciplinaridade, os termos de avaliação na CAPES, o HCTE, seus docentes, seus discentes, suas teses e dissertações defendidas.
O rombo fictício das aposentadorias dos servidores
Authors: Saldanha José Miguel Bendrao , Oliveira José Carlos de
Published: May 2021

O discurso do "déficit previdenciário", pejorativamente apelidado de "rombo" para sugerir uma falha, um problema, um defeito, é antigo e acompanha as notícias sobre o financiamento da previdência social desde sempre, especialmente desde a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, e tem sido o principal argumento para justificar medidas que reduzem valores pagos aos trabalhadores e dificultam-lhes o acesso aos benefícios. Na verdade, no que tange aos regimes próprios dos servidores, o "rombo" pode ser fixado em qualquer valor que se queira, porque é o resultado de operações contábeis baseadas em valores fictícios, definidos arbitrariamente por dispositivos legais que expressam escolhas políticas sem significado econômico.
O imaginário da ceramista e do oleiro: produções criativas de sobrevivência através da arte cerâmica
Authors: Correia Gorini Katia
Published: May 2021

A produção cerâmica artesanal depende da sensibilidade artística que emerge do pensamento e do meio de vida do ser nativo. Por sua vez, é uma estratégia para gerar fonte de renda como meio de sobrevivência em comunidades tradicionalmente pobres e desprovidas de emprego, de escolaridade e de intermediações ou conexões com as facilidades tecnológicas da vida moderna. Produzir cerâmica é uma atividade profissional considerada subalterna dentro da hierarquia econômica e social dessas comunidades, desde os tempos da escravidão e da colonização. Ao buscar traçar as histórias de vida dos produtores de cerâmica, seus modos de trabalho, suas ambições, suas perspectivas de vida, pode-se tomar consciência do atravessamento conceitual entre a arte popular e a arte considerada culta.
Impactos ambientais de metais pesados de pilhas na tríade água-ar-solo
Authors: Sette Barroco Isabelly , Dos Santos Castro Fernanda , Tamiasso-Martinhon Priscila , Sanches Rocha Angela , Sousa Celia Regina
Published: May 2021

Com o aumento da fabricação de produtos tecnológicos, faz-se necessário a utilização de fontes de energia portáteis, como pilhas. Sua utilização e descarte quando feitos de forma consciente conferem às pilhas um status de grande importância no dia a dia da sociedade. Contudo, quando o descarte é realizado de forma incorreta, seus efeitos negativos são evidenciados. Em vista disso, este trabalho almeja, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, investigar os impactos ambientais causados pelos metais pesados presentes em pilhas domésticas, quando estas são descartadas de forma inadequada. Além disso, são discutidos aspectos relativos aos principais tipos de pilhas presentes no mercado, como também a aplicabilidade da legislação que regula o descarte de resíduos tóxicos.
The half-order energy balance equation – Part 1: The homogeneous HEBE and long memories
Authors: Lovejoy Shaun
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The original Budyko–Sellers type of 1D energy balance
models (EBMs) consider the Earth system averaged over long times and apply
the continuum mechanics heat equation. When these and the more
phenomenological box models are extended to include time-varying anomalies,
they have a key weakness: neither model explicitly nor realistically treats
the conductive–radiative surface boundary condition that is necessary for
a correct treatment of energy storage. In this first of a two-part series, I apply standard Laplace and Fourier
techniques to the continuum mechanics heat equation, solving it with the
correct radiative–conductive boundary conditions and obtaining an equation
directly for the surface temperature anomalies in terms of the anomalous
forcing. Although classical, this equation is half-ordered and not integer-ordered: the half-order energy balance equation (HEBE). A quite
general consequence is that although Newton's law of cooling holds, the
heat flux across surfaces is proportional to a half-ordered (not first-ordered) time
derivative of the surface temperature. This implies that the surface heat
flux has a long memory, that it depends on the entire previous history of
the forcing, and that the temperature–heat flux relationship is no longer
instantaneous. I then consider the case in which the Earth is periodically forced. The
classical case is diurnal heat forcing; I extend this to annual conductive–radiative forcing and show that the surface thermal impedance is a
complex valued quantity equal to the (complex) climate sensitivity. Using a
simple semi-empirical model of the forcing, I show how the HEBE can account
for the phase lag between the summer maximum forcing and maximum surface
temperature Earth response. In Part 2, I extend all these results to spatially inhomogeneous forcing
and to the full horizontally inhomogeneous problem with spatially varying
specific heats, diffusivities, advection velocities, and climate sensitivities.
I consider the consequences for macroweather (monthly, seasonal,
interannual) forecasting and climate projections.
Refined burned-area mapping protocol using Sentinel-2 data increases estimate of 2019 Indonesian burning
Authors: Gaveau David , Descals Adria , Salim Mohammad , Sheil Douglas , Sloan Sean
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Like many tropical forest nations, Indonesia is challenged by landscape fires. A confident understanding of the area and distribution of burning is crucial to understanding the implications of these fires and how they might best be reduced. Given uncertainties surrounding different burned-area estimates, and the substantial differences that arise using different approaches, the accuracy, and merits of such estimates require formal examination. Despite investment in fire mitigation measures since the severe El-Niño 2015 fire season, severe burning struck Indonesia again in late 2019. Here, drawing on Sentinel-2 satellite time-series analysis, we present and validate new 2019 burned-area estimates for Indonesia. The corresponding burned-area map is available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551243. We show that > 3.11 million hectares (Mha) burned in 2019, 31 % of which on peatlands. This burned-area extent is double the Landsat-derived Official estimate of 1.64 Mha from the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry, and 50 % more that the MODIS MCD64A1 burned-area estimate of 2.03 Mha. It has greater reliability as these alternatives, attaining a user’s accuracy of 97.9 % (CI: 97.1 %–98.8 %) compared to 95.1 % (CI: 93.5 %–96.7 %) and 76 % (CI: 73.3 %–78.7 %), respectively. It omits fewer burned areas, particularly smaller- (< 100 ha) to intermediate-sized (1000 ha) burn scars, attaining a producer’s accuracy of 75.6 % (CI: 68.3 %–83.0 %) compared to 49.5 % (CI: 42.5 %–56.6 %) and 53.1 % (CI: 45.8 %–60.5 %), respectively. The frequency–area distribution of the Sentinel-2 burn scars follows the apparent fractal-like power-law or “pareto” pattern often reported in other extensive fire studies, suggesting good detection over several magnitudes of scale. Our relatively accurate estimates have important implications for carbon-emission calculations from forest and peatland fires in Indonesia. Our approach is amenable to the ongoing production of accurate annual burned-area maps for environmental monitoring and policy in South-East Asia.
The cooperative IGS RT-GIMs: a global and accurate estimation of the ionospheric electron content distribution in real-time
Authors: Liu Qi , Hernández-Pajares Manuel , Yang Heng , Monte-Moreno Enric , Roma-Dollase David , García-Rigo Alberto , Li Zishen , Wang Ningbo , Laurichesse Denis , Blot Alexis , Zhao Qile , Zhang Qiang , Hauschild André , Agrotis Loukis , Schmitz Martin , Wübbena Gerhard , Stürze Andrea , Krankowski Andrzej , Schaer Stefan , Feltens Joachim , Komjathy Attila , Ghoddousi-Fard Reza
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The Real-Time Working Group (RTWG) of the International GNSS Service (IGS) is dedicated to providing high-quality data, high-accuracy products for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning, navigation, timing, and Earth observations. As one part of real-time products, the IGS combined Real-Time Global Ionosphere Map (RT-GIM) has been generated by the real-time weighting of the RT-GIMs from IGS real-time ionosphere centers including the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), and Wuhan University (WHU). The performance of global Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) representation in all of the RT-GIMs has been assessed by VTEC from Jason3-altimeter during one month over oceans and dSTEC-GPS technique with 2-day observations over continental regions. According to the Jason3-VTEC and dSTEC-GPS assessment, the real-time weighting technique is sensitive to the accuracy of RT-GIMs. Compared with the performance of post-processed rapid Global Ionosphere Maps (GIMs) and IGS combined final GIM (igsg) during the testing period, the accuracy of UPC RT-GIM (after the transition of interpolation technique) and IGS combined RT-GIM (IRTG) is equivalent to the rapid GIMs and reaches around 2.7 and 3.0 TECU (TEC Unit, 1016 el/m2) over oceans and continental regions, respectively. The accuracy of CAS RT-GIM and CNES RT-GIM is slightly worse than the rapid GIMs, while WHU RT-GIM requires a further upgrade to obtain similar performance. In addition, the strong response to the recent geomagnetic storms has been found in the Global Electron Content (GEC) of IGS RT-GIMs (especially UPC RT-GIM and IGS combined RT-GIM). The IGS RT-GIMs turn out to be reliable sources of real-time global VTEC information and have great potential for real-time applications including range error correction for transionospheric radio signals (such as GNSS positioning, search and rescue, air traffic, radar altimetry, and radioastronomy), the monitoring of space weather (such as geomagnetic and ionospheric storms, ionospheric disturbance) and detection of natural hazards on a global scale (such as hurricanes/typhoons, ionospheric anomalies associated with earthquakes). All the IGS combined RT-GIMs generated and analyzed during the testing period are available at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4651445 (Liu et al., 2021b).
BAWLD-CH4: A Comprehensive Dataset of Methane Fluxes from Boreal and Arctic Ecosystems
Authors: Kuhn McKenzie A. , Varner Ruth K. , Bastviken David , Crill Patrick , MacIntyre Sally , Turetsky Merritt , Walter Anthony Katey , McGuire Anthony D. , Olefeldt David
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions from the Boreal and Arctic region are globally significant and highly sensitive to climate change. There is currently a wide range in estimates of high-latitude annual CH4 fluxes, where estimates based on land cover inventories and empirical CH4 flux data or process models (bottom-up approaches) generally are greater than atmospheric inversions (top-down approaches). A limitation of bottom-up approaches has been the lack of harmonization between inventories of site-level CH4 flux data and the land cover classes present in high-latitude spatial datasets. Here we present a comprehensive dataset of small-scale, surface CH4 flux data from 540 terrestrial sites (wetland and non-wetland) and 1247 aquatic sites (lakes and ponds), compiled from 189 studies. The Boreal-Arctic Wetland and Lake Methane Dataset (BAWLD-CH4) was constructed in parallel with a compatible land cover dataset, sharing the same land cover classes to enable refined bottom-up assessments. BAWLD-CH4 includes information on site-level CH4 fluxes, but also on study design (measurement method, timing, and frequency) and site characteristics (vegetation, climate, hydrology, soil, and sediment types, permafrost conditions, lake size and depth, and our determination of land cover class). The different land cover classes had distinct CH4 fluxes, resulting from definitions that were either based on or co-varied with key environmental controls. Fluxes of CH4 from terrestrial ecosystems were primarily influenced by water table position, soil temperature, and vegetation composition, while CH4 fluxes from aquatic ecosystems were primarily influenced by water temperature, lake size, and lake genesis. Models could explain more of the between-site variability in CH4 fluxes for terrestrial than aquatic ecosystems, likely due to both less precise assessments of lake CH4 fluxes and fewer consistently reported lake site characteristics. Analysis of BAWLD-CH4 identified both land cover classes and regions within the Boreal and Arctic domain where future studies should be focused, alongside methodological approaches. Overall, BAWLD-CH4 provides a comprehensive dataset of CH4 emissions from high-latitude ecosystems that are useful for identifying research opportunities, for comparison against new field data, and model parameterization or validation. BAWLD-CH4 can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.18739/A27H1DN5S.
A review of Last Interglacial sea-level proxies in the Western Atlantic and Southwestern Caribbean, from Brazil to Honduras
Authors: Rubio-Sandoval Karla , Rovere Alessio , Cerrone Ciro , Stocchi Paolo , Lorscheid Thomas , Felis Thomas , Petersen Ann-Kathrin , Ryan Deirdre D.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. In this paper, we use a standardized template for Pleistocene sea-level data to review last interglacial (MIS 5) sea-level indicators along the coasts of the Western Atlantic and Southwestern Caribbean, on a transect spanning from Brazil to Honduras, and including the islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao. Our review produced 55 standardized datapoints, each assigned to one or more geochronological constraints. Sea-level index points are well preserved along the Brazilian coasts, providing an almost continuous north-to-south transect. Despite this and the variety of relative sea-level indicators (i.e. beach deposits, coral reef terraces, marine terraces, Ophiomorpha burrows, and tidal notches) our data compilation highlights several concerns related to age control and the accuracy of elevation measurements. We identify that the coasts of Northern Brazil, French Guyana, Suriname, Guyana, and Venezuela would benefit from a renewed study of Pleistocene sea-level indicators, as it was not possible to identify sea-level index for the last interglacial coastal outcrops along the coasts of these countries. Future research must also be directed at improving the chronological control at several locations, and several sites would benefit from re-measurement of sea-level index points using more accurate elevation measurement techniques. Our database contribution represents a starting point to detail the last interglacial sea-level history in this area. The database is available at the following link: https://zenodo.org/record/4727850 (Version 1.01; Rubio-Sandoval et al., 2021).
The closure temperature(s) of zircon Raman dating
Authors: Härtel Birk , Jonckheere Raymond , Wauschkuhn Bastian , Ratschbacher Lothar
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Zircon Raman dating based on irradiation damage
is a debated concept but not an established geo-/thermochronological
method. One issue is the temperature range of radiation-damage annealing
over geological timescales. We conducted isochronal and isothermal annealing
experiments on radiation-damaged zircons between 500 and 1000 ∘C
for durations between 10 min and 5 d to describe the annealing
kinetics. We measured the widths (Γ) and positions (ω) of
the ν1(SiO4), ν2(SiO4), and ν3(SiO4) internal Raman bands, and the external rotation Raman
band at ∼974, 438, 1008, and 356 cm−1 after each
annealing step. We fitted a Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov and a distributed
activation energy model to the fractional annealing data, calculated from
the widths of the ν2(SiO4), ν3(SiO4), and
external rotation bands. From the kinetic models, we determined closure
temperatures Tc for damage accumulation for each Raman band. Tc
ranges from 330 to 370 ∘C for the internal ν2(SiO4)
and ν3(SiO4) bands; the external rotation band is more
sensitive to thermal annealing (Tc∼260 to
310 ∘C). Our estimates are in general agreement with previous
ones, but more geological evidence is needed to validate the results. The
Tc difference for the different Raman bands offers the prospect of a
multi-closure-temperature zircon Raman thermochronometer.
Incorporation of volcanic SO2 emissions in the Hemispheric CMAQ (H-CMAQ) version 5.2 modeling system and assessing their impacts on sulfate aerosol over Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Itahashi Syuichi , Mathur Rohit , Hogrefe Christian , Napelenok Sergey L. , Zhang Yang
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The state-of-the-science Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System has recently been extended for hemispheric-scale modeling applications (referred to as H-CMAQ). In this study, satellite-constrained estimation of the degassing SO2 emissions from 50 volcanos over the northern hemisphere is incorporated into H-CMAQ, and their impact on tropospheric sulfate aerosol (SO42−) levels is assessed for 2010. The volcanic degassing improves predictions of observations from the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET), the United States Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET), and the United States Integrated Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE). Over Asia, the increased SO42− concentrations were seen to correspond to the locations of volcanoes, especially over Japan and Indonesia. Over the U.S.A., the largest impacts occurred over the central Pacific caused by including the Hawaiian Kilauea volcano while the impacts on the continental U.S.A. were limited to the western portion during summertime. The emissions of the Soufriere Hills volcano located on Montserrat Island in the Caribbean Ocean affected the southeastern U.S.A. during the winter season. The analysis at specific sites in Hawaii and Florida also confirmed improvements in regional performance for modeled SO42− by including volcanoes SO2 emissions. At the edge of the western U.S.A., monthly-averaged SO42− enhancements greater than 0.1 μg/m3 were noted within the boundary layer (defined as surface to 750 hPa) during June–September. Investigating the change on SO42− concentration throughout the free troposphere revealed that although the considered volcanic SO2 emissions occurred at or below the middle of free troposphere (500 hPa), compared to the simulation without the volcanic source, SO42− enhancements of more than 10 % were detected up to the top of the free troposphere (250 hPa). Our model simulations and comparisons with measurements across the Northern Hemisphere indicate that the degassing volcanic SO2 emissions are an important source impacting airborne sulfur budgets and should be considered in air quality model simulations assessing background SO42− levels and their source attribution.
Linking sea ice deformation to ice thickness redistribution using high-resolution satellite and airborne observations
Authors: von Albedyll Luisa , Haas Christian , Dierking Wolfgang
Published: May 2021

Abstract. An unusual, large, latent-heat polynya opened and then closed by freezing and convergence north of Greenland's coast in late winter 2018. The closing presented a natural but well-constrained full-scale ice deformation experiment. We observed the closing of and deformation within the polynya with satellite synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) imagery and measured the accumulated effects of dynamic and thermodynamic ice growth with an airborne electromagnetic (AEM) ice thickness survey 1 month after the closing began. During that time, strong ice convergence decreased the area of the refrozen polynya by a factor of 2.5. The AEM survey showed mean and modal thicknesses of the 1-month-old ice of 1.96 ± 1.5 m and 1.1 m, respectively. We show that this is in close agreement with modeled thermodynamic growth and with the dynamic thickening expected from the polynya area decrease during that time. We found significant differences in the shapes of ice thickness distributions (ITDs) in different regions of the refrozen polynya. These closely corresponded to different deformation histories of the surveyed ice that we reconstructed from Lagrangian ice drift trajectories in reverse chronological order. We constructed the ice drift trajectories from regularly gridded, high-resolution drift fields calculated from SAR imagery and extracted deformation derived from the drift fields along the trajectories. Results show a linear proportionality between convergence and thickness change that agrees well with the ice thickness redistribution theory. We found a proportionality between the e folding of the ITDs' tails and the total deformation experienced by the ice. Lastly, we developed a simple, volume-conserving model to derive dynamic ice thickness change from the combination of Lagrangian trajectories and high-resolution SAR drift and deformation fields. The model has a spatial resolution of 1.4 km and reconstructs thickness profiles in reasonable agreement with the AEM observations. The modeled ITD resembles the main characteristics of the observed ITD, including mode, e folding, and full width at half maximum. Thus, we demonstrate that high-resolution SAR deformation observations are capable of producing realistic ice thickness distributions.
Meningkatkan Mutu Pelayanan Kesehatan Dengan Terciptanya Program Inovasi Daerah Kabupaten Boyolali, Kabupaten Banyuwangi, dan Kabupaten Cilacap
Authors: Riva Anthonius
Published: May 2021

Pelayanan yang efektif terjadi ketika masyarakat telah mendapatkan pelayanan yang cepat dan berkualitas dengan biaya yang terjangkau. Inovasi dalam bidang pelayanan kesehatan dapat menjadi salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan lebih dalam terkait dengan situasi ataupun kejadian secara sistematis, faktual dan akurat mengenai inovasi dalam bidang kesehatan yang dilakukan oleh tiga kabupaten di Indonesia.  Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah kabupaten yang telah melakukan inovasi dalam bidang kesehatan di daerahnya, sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah inovasi yang dilakukan oleh Kabupaten Boyolali, Kabupaten Banyuwangi, dan pada Kabupaten Cilacap yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan masyarakat serta menekan angka kematian, terutama kematian pada ibu dan anak. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa berbagai daerah di Indonesia telah mulai sadar akan kesehatan. Ditandai dengan adanya inovasi di bidang kesehatan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan serta menekan angka kematian masyarakat, terutama kematian pada ibu dan anak. Hasil Inovasi Public Safety Centre (PSC 119) pada Kabupaten Boyolali yaitu salah satunya adalah jumlah penurunan angka kematiam dan dampak buruk akibat kecelakaan di Boyolali. Selain itu, dengan adanya inovasi SAKINA (Stop Angka Kematian Ibu dan Anak) pada Kabupaten Banyuwangi yaitu selama tiga tahun terakhir,berkat outputtersebut mampu menyelamatkan 1.514 ibu melahirkan sekaligus anaknya. Puncaknya, sampai desember 2016 kematian ibu dan anak menjadi zero. Selain itu, setelah adanya Inovasi Gerak Cepat, Cermat dan Tepat Pelayanan Rawat Jalan 10 Menit di UPT Puskesmas Sampang Kabupaten Cilacap, sudah tidak ada antrian / lama dipendaftaran, ruang periksa dan pelayanan obat karena semua proses pelayanan dilaksanakan dalam waktu 10 menit Ruang pelayanan dan sarana prasarana sudah memenuhi.
Belgium COVID-19 Governmental Response
Authors: Abdellatif Omar S. , Behbehani Ali , Landin Mauricio
Published: May 2021

The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Bhutan COVID-19 Governmental Response
Authors: Abdellatif Omar , Behbehani Ali
Published: May 2021

The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cameroon COVID-19 Governmental Response
Authors: Abdellatif Omar , Behbehani Ali
Published: May 2021

The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Haiti COVID-19 Governmental Response
Authors: Abdellatif Omar S. , Behbehani Ali , Landin Mauricio
Published: May 2021

The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis.Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Indonesia COVID-19 Governmental Response
Authors: Abdellatif Omar S. , Behbehani Ali , Landin Mauricio
Published: May 2021

The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages.The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cambodia COVID-19 Governmental Response
Authors: Abdellatif Omar S. , Behbehani Ali
Published: May 2021

The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mali COVID-19 Governmental Response
Authors: Abdellatif Omar S. , Behbehani Ali
Published: May 2021

The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Malta COVID-19 Governmental Response
Authors: Abdellatif Omar S. , Behbehani Ali
Published: May 2021

The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Lemèle, Magali. Dans le bleu. Sudbury : Prise de parole, 2020, 91 p. Théâtre. ISBN: 9782897441470
Authors: Incesu Umut
Published: May 2021

Compte-rendu de lecture de la pièce Dans le bleu, qui sera jouée en public en 2021.
De quoi la prétendue authenticité culturelle japonaise est-elle le nom ?
Authors: Koumba Rolph Roderick , Kouakou Ama Brigitte
Published: May 2021

Le mot « authenticité » est une construction ingénieuse qui tente de s’imposer dans un monde fait de mélanges, brassages, enchevêtrements, etc. C’est l’idée que défend le narrateur de Je suis un écrivain japonais, roman dans lequel il montre que l’authenticité, associé à l’identité ou quelque chose d’autre, constitue un non-sens comme en témoigne ce propos : « Voilà une autre chose que je déteste : l’authenticité. Le vrai restaurant. Les vraies gens. Les vraies choses. La vraie vie. Rien de plus faux » (Laferrière, 2008 : 89). Il va sans dire que le terme « authenticité » est une aberration car il se situe dans le paradigme de la fiction, même si certains chercheurs tentent de lui donner du crédit comme le fait Claude Romano.
Instruments des ténèbres de Nancy Huston : la scordatura du pathos.
Authors: Souames Amira
Published: May 2021

Dans l’œuvre de Nancy Huston Instruments des ténèbres sous la facture musicale, se reflètent le goût et le caractère singulier de l’écrivaine qui, arrache la littérature à son propre terrain pour la mettre à l’épreuve d’autres arts tels que la musique. En effet, la musique fait partie intégrante de la vie de Huston. Et, nombreuses sont les références musicales dans les romans de cette écrivaine. Ce qu’il faut y reconnaître, c’est plutôt une zone de partage, trouble et ambiguë, où la musique et la littérature sont reliées l’une à l’autre par leur désir d’entendre l’inaudible. Nous tenterons à travers cet essai d’expliquer comment la musique complète l’œuvre de Nancy Huston. Du coup, la forme particulière d’Instruments des ténèbres nous propose l’approche la plus intéressante à la question des rapports entre musique et l’être, en particulier en ce qui concerne la transformation de l’élément proprement sonore dans le passage au domaine de l’écriture. C’est pour cette raison que la musique joue un rôle éminent dans le processus de la création pour Huston. Si Huston a fini par trouver une solution au problème de l’identité, c’est grâce, donc, à l’acte d’écrire et au pouvoir de la musique. Enfin, pour sortir de toutes ces apories identitaires dont souffre les personnages de notre auteure, il n’y a que l’écriture et la musique comme échappatoire à cette crise identitaire d’un « je » en quête de son intégrité initiale.
Tradition et sacré : leur rôle et importance dans la résolution du conflit, dans l’œuvre romanesque de Seydou Badian
Authors: Diarra Modibo
Published: May 2021

La tradition et le sacré peuvent être considérés comme deux thèmes fondamentaux toujours présents dans les romans de Seydou Badian. Ces deux éléments peuvent contribuer à la résolution des conflits dans la société, selon les circonstances. La tradition peut contribuer à apaiser la tension sociale grâce à certaines valeurs culturelles. Le sacré peut également intervenir dans le même contexte par le bon usage qu’en font les « connaisseurs ». Cet article tente de montrer l’intervention de la tradition et du sacré dans la résolution de la crise ou du conflit dans les romans de Seydou Badian.
Voltaire’s Candide: From the Other Side of Civilization
Authors: Saìz Peter R.
Published: May 2021

Candide is generally anti-imperialist, anti-war, and anti-colonization, although Voltaire’s perspective of nature may reaffirm the idea that the state of nature is not enviable and civilization —indeed luxury probably dependent on colonial economy and horrors—seems preferable, although the happy conclusion is set in an Eastern agrarian-horticultural context that would not be luxurious unless luxury and European relationship to “nature” are redefined in the context of the Eastern garden. As well, Voltaire gave us an insight as to what he imagined was the symmetrical doubt about the humanity of the “other” from the oddly distorted mutual perspective at the time of the encounters between the Oreillons and Candide accompanied by Cacambo. The “natives” mate with monkeys (are mistaken for [disposable] monkeys); Candide and Cacambo are mistaken for prey (or harmful Jesuit animal species) to be feasted upon for dinner.
Building the fourth pillar
Authors: Bastin Donald , Charron Brynn Petras , Krance Saffire
Published: May 2021

The past decade saw great excitement over cancer immunotherapy, reaching a fever pitch, with the discovery being heralded as a “game changer”.1 In 2013 Science magazine dubbed immunotherapy the “breakthrough of the year”,2 and in 2018 the Nobel prize in physiology and medicine was awarded for contributions to the field.3 Throughout the 2010s unprecedented clinical results were seen with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy,4–6 and the first FDA approvals were obtained for CAR T-cell products,7 oncolytic viruses,8 and checkpoint blockade.9 Despite rapid advances, cancer immunotherapy progress has not been without its hurdles. New toxicities and high costs continue to challenge the field, alongside uncertainties regarding the durability of responses and widespread applicability of these therapies across different tumour types.10,11 Now, at the close of the decade we provide herein a brief overview of the history and current state of immunotherapy, reflecting on whether this treatment modality has truly “changed the game”.