bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antisubordination Planning
Authors: Steil Justin
Published: December 2018

This article proposes strengthening equity planning by incorporating an antisubordination perspective. An antisubordination approach holds that planning must directly address durable categories of social inequality. Practically, an antisubordination approach requires rigorous evaluation of the impact of proposed policies on historically oppressed groups and the adoption of policies that most ameliorate existing disparities. Recent Supreme Court decisions regarding the Fair Housing Act provide support for an antisubordination approach by recognizing the significance of implicit bias, upholding the ability to bring claims on the basis of a policy’s disparate impact, and confirming that cities can file suit to address shared harms.
The climate-triggered western shift of the confluence between the Dora Baltea and Po rivers (north-western Italy) during the late Holocene
Authors: Giraudi Carlo
Published: December 2018

The study on the migrations of the confluence between the rivers Po and Dora Baltea was based on a detailed observation of aerial photographs, field surveys and sediment stratigraphy. The age of the sediments and morphological features was based on radiocarbon datings, on the presence of archaeological settlements and ancient artefacts and on historical data. The aerial photographs of the GAI 1954 flight of the Italian Air Force were used because in the year 1954, some low terraces were still clearly visible, while today are almost completely obliterated because of the works for the improvement of the rice fields. A succession of nine fluvioglacial and fluvial terraces and many abandoned riverbeds have been identified: the interpretation of the morphological features made it possible to identify the Po and Dora Baltea evolution during the late Holocene. The study established that during the last 3000 years, the confluence of the Dora Baltea into the Po has constantly migrated to the west and that this migration occurred during alluvial phases dating back to the Iron Age, 2nd century BC–1st century AD, 5th century AD, 6th–8th century AD and 15th–19th century AD. The alluvial phases occurred during periods of increased floods in northern Italy and advances of the Alpine glaciers in northwestern Italy and Switzerland. Neither tectonic deformations nor anthropic actions seem to have influenced fluvial evolution in the last 3000 years. The westward migration of the confluence between the rivers was therefore triggered by climatic changes, but caused by the different responses of the catchments of the Dora Baltea and the Po rivers to climatic changes, and by the greater slope of the Dora Baltea flood plain.
‘The business end’: Neoliberal policy reforms and biomedical residualism in frontline community mental health practice in England
Authors: Moth Rich
Published: December 2018

Mental health policy initiatives in England over the last three decades have led to significant restructuring of statutory service provision. One feature of this has been the reconfiguration of NHS mental health services to align with the requirements of internal and external markets. Based on findings from 12 months’ ethnographic fieldwork within one mainstay of NHS statutory provision, the community mental health team, this paper examines the effects of these neoliberal policy and service reforms on professional practice and conceptualizations of mental distress. The paper begins with an account of the restructuring of the labour process in community mental health services. This utilizes the notion of ‘strenuous welfarism’ to describe an organizational context characterized by escalating performance management, deskilling of professional practice and the intensification of mental health work. Increasingly prominent aspects of managerialism and marketization disrupted attempts by mental health practitioners to sustain supportive and mutual structures with colleagues and engage service users in therapeutic and relationship-based forms of practice. Moreover, organizational processes increasingly recast service users as individual consumers ‘responsibilized’ to manage their own risk or subject to increasingly coercive measures when perceived to have failed to do so. Consequently, biomedical orientations were remobilized in practice in spite of a purported shift in policy discourse towards more socially inclusive approaches. The term ‘biomedical residualism’ is coined to describe this phenomenon. However, instances of ethical professionalism that reflected resistance to these residualized modes of practice were also visible.
A Behavioral Genetic Analysis of the Cooccurrence Between Psychopathic Personality Traits and Criminal Behavior
Authors: Lewis Richard H. , Connolly Eric J. , Boisvert Danielle L. , Boutwell Brian B.
Published: December 2018

A developed line of research has found that psychopathic personality traits and criminal behavior are correlated with one another. Although there is little question about the association between psychopathic personality traits and criminal behavior, what remains less clear is whether psychopathic traits exert a direct effect on criminal behavior. An alternative possibility is that previously unmeasured genetic and shared environmental factors account for much of the association between the two. Understanding the extent to which genetic and environmental factors influence the covariance between psychopathic personality traits and criminal behavior can further our understanding of individual differences in propensity to engage in antisocial behavior. The current study analyzes 872 twins (MZ twins = 352, DZ twins = 520) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to examine the magnitude of genetic and environmental effects on the covariation between psychopathic personality and criminal behavior. Results from bivariate behavioral genetic analyses revealed that the correlation between psychopathic personality traits and criminal behavior was accounted for by common additive genetic (58%) and nonshared environmental (42%) influences. Fixed-effect linear regression models, however, suggested that psychopathic personality traits were not significantly associated with criminal behavior once common genetic and environmental influences were taken into account.
MyVA Access: An Evaluation of Changes in Access for a System-Wide Program Implemented in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Pringle Janice L. , Milićević Aleksandra S. , Fawcett Jaime A. , May Jerrold H. , Kearney Shannon M. , Tjader Youxu C. , Vargas Dominic L. , Vargas Luis G. , Radack John P. , Alaigh Poonam L.
Published: December 2018

The current study evaluates changes in access as a result of the MyVA Access program—a system-wide effort to improve patient access in the Veterans Health Administration. Data on 20 different measures were collected, and changes were analyzed using t tests and Chow tests. Additionally, organizational health—how able a system is to create health care practice change—was evaluated for a sample of medical centers (n = 36) via phone interviews and surveys conducted with facility staff and technical assistance providers. An organizational health variable was created and correlated with the access measures. Results showed that, nationally, average wait times for urgent consults, new patient wait times for mental health and specialty care, and slot utilization for primary and specialty care patients improved. Patient satisfaction measures also improved, and patient complaints decreased. Better organizational health was associated with improvements in patient access.
A microstretch description of electroelastic solids with application to plane waves
Authors: Romeo Maurizio
Published: December 2018

A continuum microstretch model is introduced for electroelastic media on the basis of a biaxial stretch deformation including microrotation. Strain measures, microinertia and electric multipoles are expressed in terms of angle and axis of microrotation and a couple of stretch variables. The linearization of balance laws allows us to state a differential system for seven field variables, as occurs in the simpler micropolar case. This approach is applied to the propagation of plane monochromatic waves adopting two geometric configurations, where an applied electric field is orthogonal to the wavenumber vector. The dispersion equations are obtained in both cases. In addition to the classical purely longitudinal or transverse waves, a set of coupled microstructural modes is found, which show the dependence on the microinertia, electric quadrupole and the orientational angle of the axis of microrotation. A numerical example is shown to discuss wave properties and their occurrence on finite or unbounded wavenumber ranges.
‘Communicide’: The destruction of a vibrant public housing community in inner Sydney through a forced displacement
Authors: Morris Alan
Published: December 2018

In 2014, the New South Wales government announced that all of the 465 public housing tenants in Millers Point in inner Sydney, are to be relocated and their homes sold. This article, drawing on 41 semi-structured interviews with tenants who were residents at the time of the announcement, has two main aims. First, to contribute to the debate as to the continuity or otherwise of community in a global city in late modernity by closely examining the sense of community among the public housing tenants in Millers Point at the time of the displacement announcement. The second aim is to examine what I have termed ‘communicide’. I argue that the displacement policy directed at Millers Point public housing tenants can be described as an act of communicide as it destroyed a vibrant community causing tremendous dislocation and stress. After the move, many tenants found themselves deeply isolated.
Experimental and theoretical investigations of infrared multiple photon dissociation spectra of lysine complexes with Zn2+ and Cd2+
Authors: Owen Cameron J , Boles Georgia C , Berden Giel , Oomens Jos , Armentrout PB
Published: December 2018

The gas-phase structures of zinc and cadmium complexes of lysine (Lys) are investigated via a combination of infrared multiple photon dissociation action spectroscopy and ab initio quantum chemical calculations. In order to unambiguously identify the experimentally observed species, [Zn(Lys−H)]+ and CdCl+(Lys), the action spectra were compared to linear absorption spectra calculated at the B3LYP level of theory, using 6-311+G(d,p) and def2-TVZP basis sets for the zinc and cadmium systems, respectively. Single point energies were also calculated at the B3LYP, B3P86, MP2, and B3LYP-GD3BJ (accounting for empirical dispersion) levels of theory using larger basis sets. Identification of the experimentally formed isomers is possible through good agreement between infrared multiple photon dissociation action spectra and the theoretically predicted spectra. The [Zn(Lys−H)]+ complex adopts a tridentate orientation involving the amino acid backbone amine and deprotonated carboxylic acid groups as well as the side-chain amine group, [Nα,CO−,Nɛ]. The CdCl+(Lys) complex similarly adopts a tridentate chelation involving the amino acid backbone amine and carbonyl groups, as well as the side-chain amine group, [Nα,CO,Nɛ]. In both cases, the identified complexes are the lowest energy gas-phase structures at all levels of theory.
Mobile Phone Base Station Tower Settings Adjacent to School Buildings: Impact on Students’ Cognitive Health
Authors: Meo Sultan Ayoub , Almahmoud Mohammed , Alsultan Qasem , Alotaibi Nawaf , Alnajashi Ibrahim , Hajjar Waseem M.
Published: December 2018

The use of mobile phones has remarkably increased and become a basic need of daily life. Increasing subscriptions of mobile phones boost the installation of mobile phone base station towers (MPBSTs) in crowded commercial and residential areas including near school buildings. This study investigated the impact of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) radiation generated by MPBSTs on cognitive functions. Two hundred and seventeen volunteer male students aged between 13 and 16 registered from two different intermediate schools: 124 students were from School 1 and 93 students were from School 2. The MPBSTs were located within 200 m from the school buildings. In School 1, RF-EMF was 2.010 µW/cm2 with a frequency of 925 MHz and in School 2, RF-EMF was 10.021 µW/cm2 with a frequency of 925 MHz. Students were exposed to EMFR for 6 hr a day, 5 days a week for a total period of 2 years. The Narda Safety Test Solution device SRM-3006 was used to measure RF-EMF in both schools, and cognitive functions tasks were measured by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Significant impairment in Motor Screening Task (MOT; p = .03) and Spatial Working Memory (SWM) task ( p = .04) was identified among the group of students who were exposed to high RF-EMF produced by MPBSTs. High exposure to RF-EMF produced by MPBSTs was associated with delayed fine and gross motor skills, spatial working memory, and attention in school adolescents compared to students who were exposed to low RF-EMF.
Research on product innovation design of modularization based on theory of TRIZ and axiomatic design
Authors: Bai Zhong-hang , Zhang Shan , Ding Man , Sun Jian-guang
Published: December 2018

Modular design can shorten the product development cycle and enhance the product research and development capability of enterprises. To better solve the problem of module interface coupling after module partition, the present modular product design method has been improved based on the theory of inventive problem solving and axiomatic design theory. This article summarizes the engineering parameters commonly used in modular design based on the requirement analysis and conflict problems of modular structure design. And in the process of dividing the functional modules by fuzzy clustering algorithm, we propose defining and classifying the principle (technical) correlation between parts by these parameters. Then the coupling relation of each module interface is analyzed by the design matrix of axiomatic design and the conflict solving tool of the theory of inventive problem solving is utilized for decoupling. Finally, the high chair is taken as the design object and the design process is used to verify the feasibility of this method.
Elastic hydrodynamic lubrication analysis for a sine movable tooth drive
Authors: Xu Lizhong , Song Wentao
Published: December 2018

The sine movable tooth drive has small radial dimension such that the heat, caused by friction, becomes an important factor in deciding its load-carrying ability. It is important to determine the amount of tooth lubrication in order to reduce the heat caused by the friction. This study provides equations for the meshing performance and provides the forces for the sine movable tooth drive. Using these equations, the minimum oil film thickness for the drive system is investigated. Results show that the minimum film thickness between the movable tooth and input shaft or shell changes periodically along the input shaft rotation angle. A large movable tooth radius and a movable tooth rotation radius could increase the film thickness between the movable tooth and the input shaft or the shell. In addition, a large speed ratio could increase the film thickness between the movable tooth and the input shaft, but this would also decrease the film thickness between the movable tooth and the shell. A large sine amplitude could increase the film thickness between the movable tooth and the input shaft, but this does not change the film thickness between the movable tooth and the shell. Under normal operation speeds, the hydrodynamic lubrication condition occurs between the movable tooth and the input shaft, and the partial membrane hydrodynamic state occurs between the movable tooth and the shell.
Renewable energy–assisted hybrid three-wheeler: A numerical investigation
Authors: Arefin Md Arman , Mallik Avijit , Asfaquzzaman Md
Published: December 2018

This research is to investigate the various parameters and conditions of implementing solar and wind energy in engine-driven three-wheelers. No reliable study of using both these energies in three-wheelers is found in the literature so far. In this article, a numerical study is conducted for using both these energies in a plugged-in hybrid three-wheeler. From the analysis, it is found that both the renewable energies will provide approximately 54% of total energy to run the vehicle altogether. A novel computational fluid dynamics simulation for a wind turbine is conducted to verify the theoretical results. Here the wind turbine blade has simple aerofoil look with sinusoidal leading edge and dimpled surface. The vehicle will not only reduce the pressure on fuel and national grid electricity; but, also will reduce the emission by a large amount. A custom drive cycle along with drive power demand is obtained using vehicle properties and city road conditions and comparing with Asian urban drive cycle. A detailed feasibility analysis of the vehicle is analyzed considering various costs, weight, and emissions, and a future researching infrastructure is also proposed. Finally, some recommendations are provided which can be considered for future research interests.
An improved spectral decomposition flexibility perturbation method for finite element model updating
Authors: Yang QW , Sun BX , Lu C
Published: December 2018

Finite element analysis is the most powerful tool to predict the behavior of a structure in engineering practice. Generally, the initial finite element model must be corrected with experimental data due to its complexity. Thus, it is very necessary to study a finite element model updating method with high precision and high efficiency. To this end, this article presented an improved spectral decomposition flexibility perturbation method for structural finite element model updating. The improvements of the proposed method lie in two aspects. First, using the uniform correction model, the proposed method is more economical in computation than the initial method because the spectral decomposition and reorganization of elemental stiffness matrices can be avoided. Second, using the twice singular-value-truncation method, the proposed method has better performance than the initial method in combating data noise. A beam structure is employed to demonstrate the proposed method for model updating in a noisy environment. It was found that the result obtained by least squares estimate is seriously distorted and the result obtained by the first singular value truncation is also not entirely satisfactory. Only the result obtained by the second singular value truncation is the most stable and accurate. Overall, the improved spectral decomposition flexibility perturbation method is robust and effective in small modification case, large modification case, adjacent modification case, and multiple modifications case. The proposed method may be very useful for structural finite element model updating in the noisy environment.
Design of real-time actuated control system for modern tram at arterial intersections based on logic rules
Authors: Li Yun , Cai Qiyan , Xu Yujie , Shi Weihua , Chen Yibao
Published: December 2018

This article is on the purpose of developing an isolated tram signal priority control strategy based on logic rule for modern tram system. The designed method is presented with features that can ensure the intersection operates in a proper manner on the premise of tram priority and avoid vehicle queue overflow when the tram passes. In this study, the new method description consists of two parts: (1) the detector locations are determined, which include the upstream detector, the upstream trigger detector, the downstream detector, and the queuing detector upon entry approach to the intersection; (2) the corresponding priority logical algorithm for signal control is designed. The proposed method is experimentally examined in a tram intersection in Huaian city, China. In the process of the experiment, the detector layout scheme and optimal priority control model are simulated and verified using the VisVAP module of the Vissim simulation software. In the experimental results, the designed scheme significantly decreases average delay than the fixed timing signal control method, while it also can prevent the vehicle queue from overflowing compared to the absolute priority actuated control scheme.
Engaging and developing front-line clinical nurses to drive care excellence: Evaluating the Chief Nurse Excellence in Care Junior Fellowship initiative
Authors: Bramley Louise , Manning Joseph C , Cooper Joanne
Published: December 2018

Background

Global challenges in the development of a highly skilled and motivated nursing workforce jeopardise the delivery of high-quality care. Flexible and innovative workforce solutions are required to overcome these challenges.

Aims

To describe the implementation and present the preliminary evaluation of the ‘Chief Nurse Excellence in Care Junior' bespoke Fellowship initiative designed to develop the foundational clinical and academic skills of front-line junior clinical staff.

Methods

This initiative was developed and piloted at a large, inner-city, acute NHS trust. The initiative involved two main components: a bespoke development programme and an improvement project that was supported by clinical and academic mentors. The initiative was evaluated using structured feedback, case studies and data on dissemination activities.

Results

Six front-line nurses completed the first cohort of the initiative that commenced in spring 2016. Results showed a positive impact on professional development relating to the acquisition of new knowledge and skills. Case studies of projects had a demonstrable impact on patient experiences, outcomes and cost savings. Wider organisational and NHS impact was demonstrated through multiple dissemination activities.

Conclusion

This preliminary evaluation provides evidence that this initiative is a sustainable, clinically driven career development opportunity at a foundational level that has a demonstrable positive impact on care and staff development. Further work is underway to carry out a longitudinal structure, process and outcome evaluation with particular focus on impact.
An In Vitro Study to Determine the Feasibility of Combining Bone Marrow Concentrate with BST-CarGel as a Treatment for Cartilage Repair
Authors: Snow Martyn , Williams Richard , Pagkalos Joseph , Grover Liam
Published: December 2018

Objective

The study aims were to determine whether BST-CarGel, a chitosan scaffold for cartilage repair, can be mixed with bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) to create a cell seeded implant with comparative properties to standard BST-CarGel mixed with blood.

Design

Whole blood and bone marrow were harvested from 12 patients who underwent cartilage repair surgery using BMAC after informed consent. A validated in vitro testing model was used to assess the following 6 conditions: (1) BST-CarGel mixed with whole blood (CG-WB), (2) BST-CarGel mixed with bone marrow (CG-BM), (3) BST-CarGel mixed with bone marrow concentrate (CG-BMAC), (4) whole blood (WB), (5) bone marrow (BM), and (6) bone marrow concentrate and batroxobin (BMAC-BTX). Cell retention and viability within the BST-CarGel/BMAC clots were investigated.

Results

In our study, BM and BMAC (processed using the Harvest, SmartPrep2 system and reactivated with batroxibin) when combined with BST-CarGel produced a product that had similar clot contraction, macroscopic properties, and histological appearance to standard BSTCarGel mixed with blood. Mononucleated cells from the BMAC were retained within the scaffold and remained viable until clot dissolution in vitro.

Conclusions

By combining BST-CarGel with BMAC in the manner described, bone marrow–derived mononucleated cells can be retained within the chondral defect potentially negating the need for microfracture. Further in vivo work is required to confirm these potential benefits and determine if this combination will result in more durable cartilage repair and improved clinical outcomes.
Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound in gastric adenocarcinoma patient selection for neoadjuvant therapy
Authors: Costa Juliana M , Gonçalves Bruno , Miguel Gomes Maria , Fernandes Dália , Gonçalves Raquel , Soares João B
Published: December 2018

Background

Recent studies demonstrated the positive impact of neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced gastric cancer.

Objective

To assess the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the selection of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma for neoadjuvant therapy (T ≥ 2 and/or N+).

Methods

Retrospective analysis of patients with an anatomopathological diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma between January 2011 and June 2017, who had EUS for staging and underwent surgery as a first therapeutic attempt. The concordance (k) and accuracy (area under the curve (AUC)) of EUS for T ≥ 2 and/or N+ were assessed using the anatomopathological staging of the resected surgical specimen as the gold standard.

Results

The final sample included 152 patients (66.4% male, 67.1 ± 12.2 years). The concordance, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the EUS for T ≥ 2 and/or N+ were 0.72, 0.86 ± 0.03, 88.5% and 83.1%, respectively. The results were higher in proximal (k = 0.93, AUC = 0.96 ± 0.05, sensitivity (S) = 99.0% and specificity (E) = 90.9%) compared with distal lesions (k = 0.67, AUC = 0.84 ± 0.04, S = 85.7% and E = 81.5%), and in intestinal subtype (k = 0.77, AUC = 0.88 ± 0.04, S = 92.6% and E = 84.1%) compared with diffuse (k = 0.58, AUC = 0.79 ± 0.10, S = 85.0% and E = 72.7%) or mixed‐subtype tumours (k = 0.65, AUC = 0.84 ± 0.10, S = 76.9% and E = 90.0%).

Conclusion

In one of the largest series of patients, we showed that EUS has overall high agreement and accuracy in the selection of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma for neoadjuvant therapy, although the agreement and accuracy are greater for proximal and intestinal lesions.
Habits of Whiteness: How Racial Domination Persists in Multiethnic Neighborhoods
Authors: Walton Emily
Published: December 2018

As demographers and policy makers laud steps toward neighborhood integration, urban ethnographers remind us that diverse communities can perpetuate inequality if the dynamics that produce it are left unaddressed. This qualitative study focuses a cultural lens on social relationships in two stably diverse neighborhoods, mapping the connections between what the author terms “habits of whiteness” and dimensions of racial domination. One of the habits is anxiety, exhibited as an amplified sense of danger in multiethnic spaces, which results in greater social control due to a normative emphasis on social order, rules, and surveillance. A second is ambivalence, which manifests as the ability to simultaneously express appreciation for yet feel discomfort about multiethnic diversity, and it results in social distance as people limit their engagement with “others” and legitimize social and geographic boundaries as natural. This study thus contributes a detailed cultural understanding of the processes that reproduce racial hierarchy in stably multiethnic spaces.
Designing Shared Decision-Making Interventions for Dissemination and Sustainment: Can Implementation Science Help Translate Shared Decision Making Into Routine Practice?
Authors: Tan Andy S. L. , Mazor Kathleen M. , McDonald Daniel , Lee Stella J. , McNeal Demetria , Matlock Daniel D. , Glasgow Russell E.
Published: December 2018

Shared decision making (SDM) is not widely practiced in routine care due to a variety of organizational, provider, patient, and contextual factors. This article explores how implementation science—which encourages attention to the multilevel contextual factors that influence the adoption, implementation, and sustainment of health care practices—can provide useful insights for increasing SDM use in routine practice. We engaged with stakeholders representing different organizations and geographic locations over three phases: 1) multidisciplinary workgroup meeting comprising researchers and clinicians ( n = 11); 2) survey among a purposive sample of 47 patient advocates, clinicians, health care system leaders, funders, policymakers, and researchers; and 3) working session among diverse stakeholders ( n = 30). The workgroup meeting identified priorities for action and research, which included targeting multiple audiences and levels, shifting culture toward valuing and supporting SDM, and considering contextual factors influencing SDM implementation. Survey respondents provided recommendations for increasing adoption, implementation, and maintenance of SDM in practice including providing tools to support SDM, obtaining stakeholders’ involvement, and raising awareness of the importance of SDM. Stakeholders in the working session provided recommendations on the design of a guide for implementation of SDM in clinical settings, strategies to disseminate educational curricula on SDM, and strategies to influence policies to increase SDM use. These specific recommendations serve as a call to action to pursuing specific promising strategies aimed at increasing SDM use in practice and enhance understanding of the perspectives of diverse stakeholders at multiple levels from an implementation science perspective that appear fruitful for further study and application.
Extended poroelastic impedance
Authors: Russell Brian H. , Hedlin Ken J.
Published: December 2018

Linearized approximations to the P-wave reflectivity as a function of the incidence angle (called amplitude variation with offset) involve the extraction of band-limited reflectivity terms that are a function of changes in the elastic constants of the earth across each lithologic interface. The most common of these extracted reflectivities are the intercept and gradient, usually labeled [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. The extended elastic impedance (EEI) method uses a rotation angle [Formula: see text] to map [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] into a new reflectivity corresponding to a particular elastic parameter. The success of EEI depends on finding an optimum value for the angle [Formula: see text]. This value is usually calculated by correlating the EEI result over a range of [Formula: see text] angles with various elastic parameters and then finding the best correlation coefficient. We have developed a new approach for the interpretation of the EEI method, which incorporates the Biot-Gassmann poroelastic theory and attaches a physical meaning to the [Formula: see text] angle. We call this method extended poroelastic impedance (EPI). The main advantage of the EPI method is that the [Formula: see text] angle is now interpreted as a parameter that is dependent on the dry-rock properties of the reservoir, rather than a parameter whose value is estimated empirically. The method is evaluated by numerical and synthetic seismic examples and by application to field data from a gas sand reservoir.
New Strategies to Expand and Optimize Heart Donor Pool: Ex Vivo Heart Perfusion and Donation After Circulatory Death: A Review of Current Research and Future Trends
Authors: Beuth Jodie , Falter Florian , Pinto Ribeiro Roberto Vanin , Badiwala Mitesh , Meineri Massimiliano
Published: December 2018

Heart transplantation remains the definitive management for end-stage heart failure refractory to medical therapy. While heart transplantation cases are increasing annually worldwide, there remains a deficiency in organ availability with significant patient mortality while on the waiting list. Attempts have therefore been made to expand the donor pool and improve access to available organs by recruiting donors who may not satisfy the standard criteria for organ donation because of donor pathology, anticipated organ ischemic time, or donation after circulatory death. “Ex vivo” heart perfusion (EVHP) is an emerging technique for the procurement of heart allografts. This technique provides mechanically supported warm circulation to a beating heart once removed from the donor and before implantation into the recipient. EVHP can be sustained for several hours, facilitate extended travel time, and enable administration of pharmacological agents to optimize cardiac recovery and function, as well as allow assessment of allograft function before implantation. In this article, we review recent advances in expanding the donor pool for cardiac transplantation. Current limitations of conventional donor criteria are outlined, including the determinants of organ suitability and assessment, involving transplantation of donation after circulatory death hearts, extended criteria donors, and EVHP-associated assessment, optimization, and transportation. Finally, ongoing research relating to organ optimization and functional ex vivo allograft assessment are reviewed.
Hunting in archerfish – an ecological perspective on a remarkable combination of skills
Authors: Schuster Stefan
Published: December 2018

Archerfish are well known for using jets of water to dislodge distant aerial prey from twigs or leaves. This Review gives a brief overview of a number of skills that the fish need to secure prey with their shooting technique. Archerfish are opportunistic hunters and, even in the wild, shoot at artificial objects to determine whether these are rewarding. They can detect non-moving targets and use efficient search strategies with characteristics of human visual search. Their learning of how to engage targets can be remarkably efficient and can show impressive degrees of generalization, including learning from observation. In other cases, however, the fish seem unable to learn and it requires some understanding of the ecological and biophysical constraints to appreciate why. The act of shooting has turned out not to be of a simple all-or-none character. Rather, the fish adjust the volume of water fired according to target size and use fine adjustments in the timing of their mouth opening and closing manoeuvre to adjust the hydrodynamic stability of their jets to target distance. As soon as prey is dislodged and starts falling, the fish make rapid and yet sophisticated multi-dimensional decisions to secure their prey against many intraspecific and interspecific competitors. Although it is not known why and how archerfish evolved an ability to shoot in the first place, I suggest that the evolution of shooting has strongly pushed the co-evolution of diverse other skills that are needed to secure a catch.
Positron Emission Tomography in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Lymphomas
Authors: Чернов В. , Chernov V. , Дудникова Е. , Dudnikova E. , Гольдберг В , Goldberg V , Кравчук Т. , Kravchuk T. , Данилова А. , Danilova A. , Зельчан Р. , Zel'chan R. , Медведева А. , Medvedeva A. , Синилкин И. , Sinilkin I. , Брагина О. , Bragina O. , Попова Н. , Popova N. , Гольдберг А. , Goldberg A.
Published: December 2018

Currently, 18F FDG-PET and 18F FDG-PET/CT are widely used for diagnosis and monitoring of lymphomas. The majority of aggressive lymphomas are characterized by high glycolytic activity, which enables the visualization by using 18F FDG-PET/CT. The use of PET/CT makes it possible to clarify the stage of the disease in 10–30 % of patients, with additional tumor sites typical for advanced stage of lymphomas, which in turn effects on treatment and disease prognosis. The 18F FDG-PET/CT has the advantage over other methods of radiation diagnosis in detecting bone marrow lesions in patients with lymphomas. It has been shown that 18F FDG-PET/CT performed at early stages of chemotherapy allows differentiating patients with favorable lymphoma, which is sufficient for standard therapy and high-risk patients who require more intensive treatment with high-dose regimens of chemotherapy. After completion of therapy over 60 % of patients with HL and 40 % with aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, have residual masses containing necrotic and/or fibrotic tissue and residual neoplastic cells. 18F FDG-PET and 18F FDG-PET/CT has been shown to be useful in identifying residual masses in 30–64 % of patients, by demonstration of persistent metabolic activity on FDG-PET. Between 62–100 % of patients with residual FDG-positive masses have been shown to relapse after first-line chemotherapy. Identification of patients with partial response to chemotherapy indicates the need for continued treatment. New radiopharmaceuticals for the diagnosis of lymphoma and evaluation of therapy effectiveness are developed. Such promising radiopharmaceuticals are 18F fluorothymidine, a biomarker of cellular proliferation and Ga-68 CXCR4, a chemokine receptor imaging biomarker.
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Recurrences after Surgical and Combined Modality Treatment with Postoperative Radiation Therapy
Authors: Солодкий В. , Solodkiy V. , Сотников В. , Sotnikov V. , Троценко С. , Trotsenko S. , Харченко В. , Kharchenko V. , Чхиквадзе В. , Chkhikvadze V. , Нуднов Н. , Nudnov N. , Паньшин Г. , Panshin G. , Моргунов А. , Morgunov A.
Published: December 2018

Purpose: To compare the patterns of the relapses after the surgical and combined modality treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with the postoperative radiotherapy (PORT).

Material and methods: The comparative evaluation of the patterns of the relapses was carried out in 528 NSCLC patients with the IA–IIIB stage after surgical treatment (n = 174) and combined modality treatment (n = 354) using PORT in the hypofractionation regimen 3 Gy/fraction, 5 times a week, TD 36–39 Gy (EQD2 = 43.2–46.8 Gy, α/β = 3) and classical fractionation 2 Gy/fraction, 5 times a week, TD 44 Gy.

Results: The local and the regional relapses developed from 2 to 59 months after treatment, most often in the first three years of follow-up (median 15 months). The local and the regional relapses were statistically significantly more frequent in the surgical treatment group (31.6 % vs 7.1 %). The frequency of the distant metastases in the both groups was not statistically different (46.6 % vs 42.3 %), however, in the surgical treatment group, the distant metastases were more often combined with the locoregional relapses (18.4 % vs 4.5 %). Surgery+PORT in comparison with surgical treatment alone reduces the incidence of locoregional recurrence at the central location of the tumor (8.8 % vs 40.0 %), peripheral non-small cell lung cancer (5.2 % vs 26.0 %), with squamous histological type of tumor (8.4 % vs 37.5 %) and in adenocarcinoma (4.6 % vs 26.4 %), regardless of the volume of surgical treatment (pneumonectomy – 7.0 % vs 47, 1 %, p = 0.0002, lobectomy and bilobectomy – 7.1 % vs 20.6 %, p = 0.001, segmentectomy – 7.1 % vs 50.0 %, p = 0.0001). In the subgroup of patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy and PORT, the local, regional and locoregional relapses were statistically significantly less common than in the group of non-small cell lung cancer patients who received only adjuvant chemotherapy (3.9 % vs 17.5 %, p = 0.002, 5.4 % vs 23.8 %, p = 0.001, 6.2 % vs 36.5 %, p = 0.0001). The number of combined relapses (local and/or regional relapses + distant metastases) was actually four times less in all subgroups of patients with PORT (4.7 % vs 20.6 %, p = 0.001).

Conclusion: PORT as the part of combined treatment of non-small cell lung cancer statistically significantly reduces the incidence of the local, regional, locoregional and combined relapses in the squamous cell lung cancer and adenocarcinoma, central and peripheral localization of the tumor, after surgical treatment in the volume of pneumonectomy, lob-bilobectomy and segmentectomy, and when using with or without adjuvant chemotherapy.
Six weeks' notice of the on-call roster: fact or fantasy? An audit study
Authors: Pepper Thomas , Hicks Georgina
Published: December 2018

Introduction:

Work–life balance is directly linked to morale, job satisfaction and staff retention – all of which are linked to high quality patient care. Receiving the duty roster in advance is the first step towards achieving any work–life balance, but anecdotally doctors frequently receive very little notice of this. This audit assessed NHS trusts' compliance with the Code of Practice, with specific reference to advance notification of duty rosters.

Method:

The duty roster should be made available 6 weeks before commencement of post. The initial audit comprised a survey sent to all London surgical CT1s starting in October 2016. The interventions introduced following this were creation of a shared spreadsheet containing roster coordinator contact details, reminder emails sent to roster coordinators and distribution of results to NHS Improvement. A repeat survey was sent to all London surgical CT1s and CT2s starting in October 2017.

Results:

In the initial audit 48/88 (55%) responded, of whom 4/48 (8%) received their duty roster in accordance with the standard and 9/48 (19%) did not receive the roster at all before starting. A total of 40/48 (83%) of trainees had to make specific contact with their future NHS trust in order to obtain their roster. In this initial audit 12/48 (25%) of trainees were satisfied or very satisfied with the amount of notice given. In the reaudit 133/178 (75%) responded, of whom 23/133 (17%) had received their roster in accordance with the standard and 25/133 (19%) did not receive the roster at all before starting. A total of 97/133 (73%) of trainees had to make specific contact with their future NHS trust in order to obtain their roster. In the reaudit 56/133 (42%) of trainees were satisfied or very satisfied with the amount of notice given.

Conclusions:

This closed loop audit led to a doubling in the proportion of trainees receiving their rosters in accordance with the standard, and this was associated with an increase in trainee satisfaction levels. However, adherence to the standard remained low in both phases of the audit, and a significant proportion of trainees continue to commence jobs without any knowledge of their on-call roster. A range of measures is proposed to address this.
Splinting of injuries: best practice guidance
Authors: McKelvin Rory
Published: December 2018

In each issue, the paramedic education team at Edge Hill University focuses on the clinical skills carried out by paramedics on the frontline, highlighting the importance of these skills and how to perform them. In this instalment, Rory McKelvin discusses the application of splints to fractures and sets out a best practice step-wise approach to assessment, decision-making and application in prehospital settings
Thriving, not just surviving
Authors: Kidd Adrian
Published: December 2018

With half of his workforce being new to teaching, headteacher Adrian Kidd describes the systems of support and CPD that allow his NQTs to thrive in their first years at the chalkface
How to cope with your workload
Authors: Stanley Julian
Published: December 2018

There are steps teachers can take to win back control of their workload and achieve some work/life balance. Julian Stanley advises
Afetação de recursos, produtividade e as reformas estruturais da economia portuguesa
Authors: Bação Pedro , Simões Marta , Xavier Ana Pinto
Published: December 2018

Do ponto de vista da “contabilidade do crescimento”, a Produtividade Total dos Fatores (PTF) é um dos principais fatores explicativos do crescimento económico, desempenhando um papel fundamental na compreensão das diferenças registadas no desempenho económico entre países. No entanto, nos últimos anos o crescimento da produtividade tem vindo a diminuir nos países desenvolvidos, e Portugal não é exceção. Uma das determinantes da PTF é a eficiência na afetação dos recursos pelos diferentes ramos de atividade. O presente estudo apresenta estimativas dos desvios – relativamente à situação eficiente – da afetação dos recursos entre ramos de atividade pertencentes ao mesmo setor, para o período entre 2000 e 2015 em Portugal. As estimativas são obtidas através da aplicação do modelo de Hsieh e Klenow (2009). Os resultados indicam que as distorções existentes na economia portuguesa são significativas, principalmente as associadas à escolha da combinação capital/trabalho. Em consequência, os ganhos potenciais da reafectação dos recursos são também elevados, situando-se entre 30 e 40% do produto. No entanto, variaram pouco ao longo dos últimos anos, pelo que as “reformas estruturais” previstas no programa de ajustamento implementado no tempo da troika não parecem ter surtido grande efeito, pelo menos até 2015.
Análisis interpretativo del impacto del turismo en el patrimonio cultural artesanal. Tepoztlán, México
Authors: Saldaña-Ortega Oliver Adair , Serrano-Barquín Rocío Del Carmen , Pastor-Alfonso María José , Palmas-Castrejón Yanelli Daniela
Published: December 2018

En la actualidad el turismo, como promotor y potenciador de cambios socioculturales, influye progresivamente en la construcción de la cotidianidad de las poblaciones humanas, siendo especialmente visible en aquellos nichos laborales que interactúan con la otredad turística. Tal es el caso de la actividad artesanal, constantemente resignificada desde los paradigmas culturales propios del artesano, y las tendencias demandadas desde el comprador. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo exponer los impactos de la actividad turística en el patrimonio cultural artesanal de Tepoztlán, México, desde una perspectiva interpretativa. Para ello se recurrió a una investigación etnográfica de corte cualitativo, que permitiese conocer los impactos existentes en este patrimonio desde la percepción de los distintos agentes locales. En este contexto, se reconoce el rol multifacético del turismo en la construcción de la actividad artesanal y su influencia en la artesanía misma, tanto en las formas de comercio y la situación económica del artesanado, como en algunos procesos de producción, vislumbrándose como una oportunidad potencial de desarrollo local o un problema recurrente según los matices de cada agente social.
Problemas y desafíos para la determinación de la demanda turística en México
Authors: Gómez Nieves Salvador , Rodríguez Bocanegra Karina Melisa
Published: December 2018

La tesis que se plantea en el presente trabajo es que las estadísticas turísticas que se difunden de manera oficial en México y particularmente en el estado de Jalisco, no tienen la objetividad ni veracidad que caracteriza al conocimiento científico, debido principalmente a la serie de errores, omisiones, inconsistencias y aún manipulaciones metodológicas que revelan los mecanismos de captación y procesamiento de información. La metodología consistió en la revisión de bibliografía especializada en el tema de la demanda turística, así como en la consulta de fuentes institucionales que publican estadísticas en este campo. Además, dicha información se complementó con algunas entrevistas a funcionarios públicos y representantes del sector hotelero. A modo de conclusión, se bosquejan cinco propuestas que buscan resolver o aminorar los problemas y desafíos expuestos. Uno, sensibilizar a las autoridades y a los empresarios del ramo. Dos, incentivar la participación conjunta con las instituciones de educación superior. Tres, profundizar en el análisis de los conceptos, apoyándose en la exigencia y la rigurosidad que demanda la ciencia. Cuatro, generar un indicador robusto, entre otros más, que muestre la proporción de turistas hospedados en establecimientos de categoría turística. Cinco, sustentar los métodos utilizados para la determinación de la demanda turística basado en los aportes que proporcionan las teorías sociales.