bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exosome derived from mesenchymal stem cells enhance autophagy and inhibit iNOS/TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome axis in injured spinal cord
Authors: Lv Bin , Wang Lei , Huang Anquan , Zou Tianming , Yuan Jishan
Published: March 2020

Background: Neuroinflammation, autophagy, NLRP3 inflammasome, and microglia polarizationhave been implicated in spinal cord injury (SCI).Moreover, exosomes, a classic nanovesicles secreted by MSCs, may have a neuroprotective effect on transformation of microglia from the M1 state to the M2 phenotype. However, the effect of MSCs derived exosomes on neuroinflammation is still unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of MSCs derived exosomes mediated NLRP3 inflammasome signaling cascades and its protective effects in SCI. Methods:The SCI model was performed by weight-drop impact in adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Control andexosome rats were randomly subjecttoexosomeadminister (20 mg/kg) or placebo via intraperitoneal route 1 h after SCI.Autophagy inhibitor(3-MA) was administered intraperitoneally 20 min before experiment.Neurological function was measured by Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scoring and an open-field test.Neuronal death was measured by HE stainingandNisslstaining.Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels were determined using fluorescent probes. The autophagy and TXNIP and its downstream signaling pathways-mediated polarization of macrophages/microglia was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results:Exosome significantly downregulated intracellular iNOS and inhibited TXNIP, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway activation by activating autophagy. Additionally, Exosomepromoted expression of autophagy markers, such as LC3A/B and beclin1,and abrogated the expression of p62. Autophagy inhibitor, 3-MA, blockage of autophagy flux abolished the inhibition of apoptosis and iNOS/TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome axisafterSCI. Here, we demonstrated that exosomeadministration in spinal cord markedly reduced tissue loss, attenuate pathological morphology of the injuredregion, and promoted tissue recovery. Moreover. our resultshowed that exosome administration alleviated neuronal cells apoptosis, and inhibited nitric oxide release in microglia.The activation of inflammatoryresponse in neuronal cells facilitates interactions of iNOS‐NLRP3 andTXNIP‐NLRP3and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome where neuronal cells apoptosis was induced.Further, we found that exosome could suppress macrophages/microglia polarized to M1 phenotype in vivo and in vitro.Taken together, exosome administration exerts protective effects in neuronal cells through inhibiting iNOS production, and exosome administration could inhibit iNOS/TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome axis via enhancing autophagy and both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions:These resultsreveal that exosometreatment alleviatedneuroinflammation and mitigates neuronal apoptosis via autophagy-mediate inhibition of the iNOS/TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome axis. Our findings suggest that exosome may be a novel therapeutic target for treating SCI.
Measuring and assessing the competencies of preceptors in health professions: a systematic scoping review.
Authors: Bartlett Andrew , Um Irene S , Luca Edward J , Krass Ines , Schneider Carl R
Published: March 2020

Background: In healthcare, preceptors act as a role model and supervisor, thereby facilitating the socialisation and development of the preceptee into a professional fit to practice. To ensure a consistent approach to every preceptorship experience, preceptor competencies should be measured or assessed to ensure that the desired outcomes are achieved. Defining these would ensure quality management and could inform development of an preceptor competency framework. This review aimed to evaluate the evidence for preceptor competencies and assessment in health professions.Methods: This study followed the PRISMA ScR scoping review guidelines. A database search was conducted in Embase, Medline, CINAHL and IPA in 2019. Articles were included if they defined criteria for competency, measured or assessed competency, or described performance indicators of preceptors. A modified GRADE CERQual approach and CASP quality assessment were used to appraise identified competencies, performance indicators and confidence in evidence.Results: Forty one studies identified 17 evidence-based competencies, of which 11 had an associated performance indicator. The competency of preceptors was most commonly measured using a preceptee completed survey (moderate to high confidence as per CERQual), followed by preceptor self-assessment, and peer-assessment. Preceptee outcomes as a measure of preceptor performance had good but limited evidence.Conclusions: Competencies with defined performance indicators allow for effective measurement and may be modifiable with training. To measure preceptor competency, the preceptor perspective, as well as peer and preceptee assessment is recommended. These findings can provide the basis for a common preceptor competency framework in health professions.
No differences in the body fat after violating core bioelectrical impedance measurement assumptions
Authors: Randhawa Arshdeep , Jamnik Veronica , Fung Michael , Fogel Adam , Kuk Jennifer L.
Published: March 2020

Objective: It is unclear to what degree acutely violating bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurement assumptions will alter the predicted percent fat mass (%FM) and whether this differs by sex or body mass index (BMI). Methods: %FM was assessed under control, dehydration, exercise, water, meal intake and non-voided bladder conditions with three BIA devices (Tanita: BC-418, TBF-314, & Omron HBF-306CN) (n=40). Results: For all BIA devices, there were no differences in the %FM values between the control and the other conditions in men or women (-1.9 to 0.4%, p >0.05). Across the three devices and five conditions, 97% of %FM tests returned values within 5% of control (2 tests), and 86% of tests were within 2% of control despite violating an assumption. The errors were greatest with dehydration and females were more likely to have a %FM difference greater than 2% than males with dehydration using the hand-to-foot device (Tanita TBF-314: 59% versus 9%). There were no differences in %FM between control and the conditions when examined by BMI category (overweight: -2.8 to 0.1% and normal weight: -1.7 to 0.5%; BMI*trial, p=0.99). Conclusion: %FM estimates were similar despite acutely violating the preliminary measurement BIA assumptions across a range of different BMIs. The minor variations in %FM are smaller than what would be expected with day-to-day variability or weight loss intervention, but may be larger in women than men.
Comparative analysis, applications, and interpretation of electronic health record-based stroke phenotyping methods
Authors: Thangaraj Phyllis , Kummer Benjamin R , Lorberbaum Tal , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Tatonetti Nicholas P
Published: March 2020

Background: Accurate identification of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patient cohorts is essential for a wide range of clinical investigations. Automated phenotyping methods that leverage electronic health records (EHRs) represent a fundamentally new approach cohort identification without current laborious and ungeneralizable generation of phenotyping algorithms. We systematically compared and evaluated the ability of machine learning algorithms and case-control combinations to phenotype acute ischemic stroke patients using data from an EHR.Materials and Methods: Using structured patient data from the EHR at a tertiary-care hospital system, we built and evaluated machine learning models to identify patients with AIS based on 75 different case-control and classifier combinations. We then estimated the prevalence of AIS patients across the EHR. Finally, we externally validated the ability of the models to detect AIS patients without AIS diagnosis codes using the UK Biobank.Results: Across all models, we found that the mean AUROC for detecting AIS was 0.963±0.0520 and average precision score 0.790±0.196 with minimal feature processing. Classifiers trained with cases with AIS diagnosis codes and controls with no cerebrovascular disease codes had the best average F1 score (0.832±0.0383). In the external validation, we found that the top probabilities from a model-predicted AIS cohort were significantly enriched for AIS patients without AIS diagnosis codes (60-150 fold over expected). Conclusions: Our findings support machine learning algorithms as a generalizable way to accurately identify AIS patients without using process-intensive manual feature curation. When a set of AIS patients is unavailable, diagnosis codes may be used to train classifier models.
Repeated intraocular lens dislocation followed by haptic deformation and loss of tension: a case report
Authors: ma xinqi , zhou ming , wen jiajie , ouyang yujia , long chongde
Published: March 2020

Background: Intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation is a rare but serious postoperative complication of intraocular lens implantation, so far, there is no report describing late intraocular lens dislocation caused by a deformed haptic piercing through the iris. Case report: A 29-year-old male developed IOL dislocation one and a half years after IOL implantation in his right eye. The eye examination showed that haptic pierced the iris at 10 o'clock in his right eye, according to intraoperative exploration, the haptic was deformed and became less elastic, the patient underwent the surgery of IOL reposition for various factors, but finally did not achieve a satisfactory outcome. Conclusion: Late IOL dislocation followed by haptic deformation is difficult to detect unless there are serious complications. When the position of IOL haptics is not in a plane with its optical surface, it should be highly vigilant that the function of the haptics may be abnormal. IOL replacement should be performed as soon as possible for the IOL dislocation caused by the loss of haptic tension.
Comparative study of a nano-bacterial rat kidney stone model and the traditional ethylene glycol rat kidney stone model
Authors: Qian Biao , wang Jingshen , Hao Zhiqiang , Wang Yuan , Yang Heng , Li Yongle , Tan Minghui , Zhang Guoxi , Zou Xiaofeng
Published: March 2020

Objective To Compare a nanobacterial (NB) rat kidney stone model and the traditional ethylene glycol (EG) rat kidney stone model to assess its significance. Methods Ninety Wistar male rats were randomly divided into three groups. After the first week of modeling, three rats of every groups were randomly selected to measure the biochemical blood and urine markers. After the sacrifice, the renal tissues were observed to assess the pathological changes. The expression levels of CaSR and Claudin-14 protein were detected by kinds of technology. Results The biochemical metabolic indices of rats in NB group began to increase at the third week and decreased to normal at the 9th week. In the EG group they began to increase at the second week and did not return to normal later. At the 7th week, the creatinine levels of rats in the EG group were higher than in the NB group, and the difference was statistically significant. The formation rates of kidney stones in the NB group and EG group were 52.4 and 66.7%, respectively, but the difference of the two rates was not statistically significant. The protein expression CaSR and Claudin-14 in the EG group began to strengthen at 3rd week, and at 4th week in the NB group. CaSR was continuously expressed in the NC group, but Claudin-14 was not expressed. Conclusion The formation of stones in the NB group began slightly later. CaSR and Claudin-14 proteins play a role in the formation of kidney stones.
A qualitative investigation of lived experiences of long-term health condition management with people who are food insecure
Authors: Douglas Flora , MacIver Emma , Yuill Chris
Published: March 2020

Background: As more people are living with one or more chronic health conditions, supporting patients to become activated, self-managers of their conditions has become a key health policy focus both in the UK and internationally. There is also growing evidence in the UK that those with long term health conditions have an increased risk of being food insecure. However, while international evidence outside of the UK indicates that food insecurity adversely affects individual’s health condition management capability, little is known about how those so affected manage their condition(s) in this high-income country context. Methods :A qualitative investigation of lived experience of health condition management was undertaken with food insecure people living in north east Scotland. The study aimed to explore the challenges facing food insecure people in terms of, i. their self-care condition management practices, and ii. disclosing and discussing the experience of managing their condition with a health care professional, and iii. notions of the support they might wish to receive from them. Interview audio recordings were fully transcribed and thematically analysed.Results : Twenty individuals living with a wide range of self-reported health conditions, and being supported by a local poverty alleviation social enterprise took part. Four main themes were identified i.e.: 1. food practices, trade-offs and compromises, that relate to economic constraints and lack of choice; 2. illness experiences and food as they relate to physical and mental ill-health; 3. (in)visibility of participants’ economic vulnerability within health care consultations; and 4. perceptions and expectations of the health care system.Conclusions :This study, the first of its kind in the UK, indicated that participants’ health condition management aspirations were undermined by the experience of food insecurity, and that their health care consultations in were, on the whole, devoid of discussions of those challenges. As such, the study indicated practical and ethical implications for health care policy, practice and research associated with the risk of intervention-generated health inequalities that were suggested by this study. Better understanding is needed about the impact of household food insecurity on existing ill health, wellbeing and health care use across the UK.
Uptake of oral-based HIV self-testing among Key Populations taking HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in central Uganda
Authors: Bosco Matovu John , Tusiime Jayne Byakika , Mayega Roy William , Nalubega Sylivia
Published: March 2020

Introduction: HIV incidence is higher among key populations such as sex workers, fishermen and men who have sex with men. HIV self-testing among key populations taking HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis has not been studied in Uganda yet it could be an alternative testing approach for these population categories. We assessed the uptake of oral based HIV self-testing among key populations enrolled on Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Uganda. Methods : A mixed methods cross-sectional study was conducted on 366 key populations attending Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis clinics at MARPI Mulago and Kasensero HC II Uganda, during May-August 2018. Respondents aged 15 years and above with no prior history of HIV self-testing were issued with “Oraquick” HIV rapid diagnostic test (kit) for self-testing. Data were collected using an interviewer administered structured questionnaire and through in depth interviews of selected respondents. A chi square test was performed to determine association between socio demographic, economic factors and propensity to uptake HIV self-testing. Logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of HIV self-testing uptake. Thematic analysis was performed to explore factors that promote and inhibit HIV self-testing uptake. Results : HIV self-testing acceptability was 100% (365/365) with 73% (n=265) of respondents willing to pay for a kit. Of these, 85%(n=227) would pay not more than 1.4USD. Sixty-six percent (n=243) of respondents had high propensity to uptake HIV self-testing. Predictors of uptake were clinic location (rural vs urban) (aOR = 17.63 95% CI 8.44 – 36.81, p<0.001); Key Population category (female sex worker’s vs others) aOR= 4.36 (95% CI: 1.63 – 11.66, p=0.003) and education level ( < primary vs post primary) aOR=0.38 (95% CI: 0.20 – 0.73). Using an oral fluid based kit “Oraquick” was reported to be free of pain, convenient, easy to use and time saving. A multimodal approach to distributing HIV self-testing kits was suggested by respondents. Conclusion HIV self-testing can be an alternative to the conventional routine 3 monthly follow up HIV screening for key populations on Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis. Kits’ distribution may employ several models. Majority of key populations would afford the kits at a cost not more than 1.4USD.
Cumulative evidence of helmet effects on bicycle injuries
Authors: Chen Siyu , Ou Shan , Cui Huijie , Tang Mingshuang , Wang Yutong , Zhang Min , Bai Ye , Song Bing , Gu Dongqing , Wang Xin , Yin Zhiyong , Liu Guodong
Published: March 2020

Background: With widely-used use of bicycles, studies of helmet effects on bicycle injuries were intensively conducted after the problem of bicycle injuries emerged. This study aims to justify whether current evidence is sufficient to manifest the effects of helmets. Methods：We exhaustively searched the articles in the databases of Medline, Scopus, and Embase by the term of (helmet* AND (cycl* OR bicycle* OR bike*)) AND injur* by the time of April 10, 2019. The meta-analysis and SSA (study sequential analysis) were conducted. Results：A total of 55 studies are eligible for meta-analysis. The OR (odds ratio) of helmet effect on head injuries compared with other injuries is 0·50 (0·43, 0·59) and effect of helmets on serious head injuries compared with other injuries are protective with OR of 0·34 (0·28, 0·43). Compared with control injuries, the OR of helmet effect on facial injuries is 0·63 (0·45, 0·88). Helmets is not associated with protective effects of neck injuries and OR is 0·98 (0·82, 1·17). SSA results of head injuries, serious head injuries, and face injuries showed, the cumulative Z-curve crossed both the conventional and the trial sequential monitoring boundary. SSA results of neck injuries showed the cumulative Z-curve does not cross both the conventional and the trial sequential monitoring boundary. Conclusions：The helmet has protection effects on head injuries, serious head injuries, and face injuries. The SSA showed the current evidence was sufficient to support the results. More studies of helmet promotion are warranted in the future. Key words: helmet; bicycle injuries; head injuries; face injuriesKey words: helmet; bicycle injuries; head injuries; face injuries
A lower apatinib dose provides equivalent efficacy and reduced toxicity: A phase II, single-arm study of apatinib and oral etoposide in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Hu Nanlin , Zhu Anjie , Si Yiran , Yue Jian , Wang Xue , Wang Jiayu , Ma Fei , Yuan Peng , Xu Binghe
Published: March 2020

Introduction : The effectiveness of antiangiogenic drugs in metastatic breast cancer is still unclear. Apatinib is a small tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). We performed this clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of apatinib and oral etoposide in patients with HER2-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer(MBC).Methods : Patients with HER2-negative MBC previously treated with anthracycline and taxanes and failed ≥1 prior chemotherapy regimens were recruited. The starting dose of apatinib was 500 mg and 425 mg in patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0-1 and 2, respectively. The etoposide capsules were given at 50 mg/m 2 on days 1 to 10 for 21 days. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) which is assessed every 6 weeks (RECIST v1.1). Secondary end points included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and safety.Results : Thirty-one eligible patients were enrolled. The median follow-up time was 11 months. The median PFS for all patients was 6.93 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 5.97–7.90), and 6.93 months(95% CI 5.27-8.60) and 6.56 months (95% CI 1.41-11.73) for patients with apatinib 425mg and 500mg once daily, respectively. The ORR was 35.5% (11/31). The DCR was 87.1% (27/31). The median OS was 20.37 months (95% CI, 11.39–29.34). The median PFS of patients who had hypertension and proteinuria was longer than that for those without hypertension and proteinuria. The most common grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events(AE) were hypertension (12/31, 38.71%), fatigue (3/31, 9.68%), thrombocytopenia (3/31, 9.68%).Conclusion : Apatinib combined with etoposide capsules is effective and tolerable in heavily pretreated, metastatic HER2-negative breast cancer patients. A lower apatinib dose provide equivalent efficacy and reduced toxicity.Trial registration : ClinicalTrails, NCT03535961, Registered 24 May 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03535961?cond=apatinib+etoposide+breast+cancer&draw=2&rank=1
Intensity of metastasis screening and survival outcomes in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Cheun Jong Ho , Jung Jigwang , Lee Eun-Shin , Rhu Jiyoung , Lee Han-Byoel , Lee Kyung-Hun , Kim Tae-Yong , Han Wonshink , Im Seock-Ah , Noh Dong-Young , Moon Hyeong-Gon
Published: March 2020

Background Previous randomized trials, performed decades ago, showed no survival benefit of intensive screening for distant metastasis in breast cancer. However, recent improvements in targeted therapies and diagnostic accuracy of imaging have again raised the question of the clinical benefit of screening for distant metastasis. Therefore, we investigated the association between the use of modern imaging and survival of patients with breast cancer who eventually developed distant metastasis.Methods We retrospectively reviewed data of 398 patients who developed distant metastasis after their initial curative treatment between January 2000 and December 2015.Results Patients in the less-intensive surveillance group (LSG) had significantly longer relapse-free survival than did patients in the intensive surveillance group (ISG) (8.7 vs. 22.8 months; p = 0.002). While the ISG showed worse overall survival than the LSG did (50.2 vs. 59.9 months; p = 0.015), the difference was insignificant after adjusting for other prognostic factors. Among the 200 asymptomatic patients whose metastases were detected on imaging, the intensity of screening did not affect overall survival. A small subgroup of patients showed poor survival outcomes when they underwent intensive screening. Patients with HR-/HER2+ tumors and patients who developed lung metastasis in the LSG had worse overall survival than those in the ISG did.Conclusions Highly intensive screening for distant metastasis in disease-free patients with breast cancer was not associated with significant survival benefits, despite the recent improvements in therapeutic options and diagnostic techniques.
Combined Texture Analysis of MR images and Glypican-3 to Identify the Differentiated Degree of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a retrospective study
Authors: Feng Mengmeng , Zhang Mengchao , Liu Yuanqing , Jiang Nan , Meng Qian , Wang Jia , Yao Ziyun , Dai Hui
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND To explore the clinical value of texture analysis of MR images (multiphase Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and T2 weighted imaging (T2WI) and the glypican-3 (GPC-3) to identify the differentiated degree of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHOD In this retrospective study, 104 participants were enrolled (GPC-3 data obtained in 51 participants). Each participant performed preoperative Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR scanning. Texture analysis was calculated by MaZda and then using the B11 program for data analysis and classification. The performance of texture features and GPC-3 in identifying the differentiated degree of HCC was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS There were no statistically significances for the expression of GPC-3 between poorly-, well- and moderately-differentiated HCC. The area under the curve (AUC) of the combined texture features between poorly- and well-differentiated HCC, poorly- and moderately-differentiated HCC, moderately- and well-differentiated HCC was 0.812, 0.879 and 0.808 respectively. With GPC-3 combined, the AUC was increased to 0.868, while accuracy was decreased, in poorly- verse well-differentiated HCC, and the AUC and accuracy were the same as those without GPC-3 combined in poorly- verse moderately-differentiated HCC. Although the AUC was increased to 0.818 with GPC-3 combined in moderately- verse well-differentiated HCC, there were no statistical significance for the value change (p>0.05). CONCLUSION S Texture analysis of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and T2WI are valuable in identifying the differentiated degree of HCC. There is no significant effect of GPC-3 in identifying the differentiated degree of HCC, suggesting the promising value of texture analysis of MR images in the precise presurgical diagnosis of HCC.
Physical Exposure during Patient Transfer and Risk of Back Injury & Low-back Pain: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Vinstrup Jonas , Jakobsen Markus D , Madeleine Pascal , Andersen Lars L
Published: March 2020

BackgroundWork-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are more common among healthcare workers compared with most other professions. Because frequent patient transfer has been associated with increased risk of MSDs, we aim to quantify the physical load associated with commonly used assistive devices and to investigate associations between accumulated physical exposure during patient transfer and risk of MSDs.MethodsBy applying an exposure matrix based on measure¬ments of electromyography and trunk flexion on a large (n=1285) prospective cohort, intensity of low-back pain (LBP) and risk of back injury at 1-year follow-up were modelled using a linear model and logistic regressions, respectively. The cohort was divided into groups based on physical exposure; i.e. low (1st quartile), moderate (2nd and 3rd quartiles) and high (4th quartile) exposure.ResultsExposure profiles are provided for 9 groups of assistive devices, with ceiling lifts and intelligent beds eliciting the lowest physical exposure. In the fully-adjusted model, we report differences in LBP intensity at follow-up between the low and moderate exposure groups (p=0.0085). No differ-ence was found between the moderate and high exposure groups (p=0.2967). Likewise, we find no associations between physical exposure and risk of back injury at 1-year follow-up, with a prevalence of 11%, 13% and 11% for the three groups, respectively. ConclusionsLow physical exposure during patient transfer was prospectively associated with lower intensity of LBP. Consistent use of assistive devices associ¬ated with low physical exposure, namely ceiling-lifts and intelligent beds, may play a role in reducing the prevalence of MSDs among healthcare workers.
Exploring patient satisfaction after operative and nonoperative treatment for midshaft clavicle fractures: a focus group analysis
Authors: Tutuhatunewa Eric Danjel , Stevens Martin , Dams Olivier C. , Son Jeffrey van , Louhanepessy Rebecca D. , Krabbe Paul F.M. , Postma Maarten J. , Diercks Ron L.
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThere is no consensus on the optimal treatment for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. Several studies indicate superior patient satisfaction in favour of operative reconstruction. It is unknown what drives superior satisfaction in this treatment group. The aim of this study was to explore patient satisfaction and identify contributors to patient satisfaction after operative and nonoperative treatment for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures in adults using a focus group approach.MethodsFour face-to-face and two web-based focus groups were hosted. A total of 24 participants who were treated nonoperatively (n = 14) or operatively (n = 10) agreed to participate. Participants were selected using purposive sampling, ensuring variation in gender, age, treatment complications and outcomes. A question script was developed to systematically explore patient expectations, attitudes and satisfaction with different dimensions of care. All focus groups were voice-recorded and transcribed at verbatim. Thematic analysis was conducted on all face-to-face and web-based transcripts. ResultsThe main emerging themes across treatment groups were; need for more information, functional recovery, speed of recovery and patient-doctor interaction. There was no difference in themes observed between operative and nonoperative focus groups. The lack of information was the most important complaint in dissatisfied patients. Conclusion Our study shows that informing patients about their injury, treatment options and expectations for recovery is paramount for overall patient satisfaction after treatment for a displaced midshaft clavicle fracture.
A Family Cluster of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections
Authors: Gao Xuesong , Yuan Zheng , Yang Di , Li Hongjie , Zhang Yijin , Gao Ping , Liu Xiaomin , Zhao Wenshan , Xiao Te , Duan Xuefei
Published: March 2020

Background In December 2019, the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The disease has rapidly spread from Wuhan to other provinces and other countries. Clinical and epidemiological knowledge is limited. We aimed to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of a family cluster of COVID-19 in Beijing.Methods We reported a family cluster of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases in Beijing, China. We obtained and analyzed clinical and epidemiologic data from these patients. Throat swab samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays.Results This family comprised three laboratory confirmed cases with clinical symptoms. All three patients had close contact with a relative from Wuhan, Hubei Province. Chest computerized tomography revealed ground-glass opacities and consolidation. Patient 1 was finally intubated and mechanical ventilated. Patient 2 received high-flow oxygen therapy. The clinical condition of Patient 3 has resolved.Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 infections tend to clusters. Advanced age and comorbidities are associated with adverse outcomes. Physicians should be aware of contact history so that infected patients can be identified promptly and further spreading prevented.
Effect of livelihood diversification on rural households’ poverty reduction in Central Zone of Tigray regional state, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebretsadik Yohannes Halefom , Teklemariam Berhane Tsegay , Gebru Hailay Nigusie
Published: March 2020

Rural livelihood diversification studies previously conducted in Ethiopia lack linkages with poverty. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of livelihood diversification on rural households’ poverty reduction. The result of this study revealed that 49.80%, 40.41% and 9.80% of the rural households’ income was generated from: agriculture, both agricultural & non-agricultural and non-agricultural income sources respectively. The mean rural livelihood diversification index (SDI) was 0.38. This low diversification index was a source of vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate changes. The absolute poverty line was calculated 6067.75 Birr/year per adult equivalents. Hence, 39.58% of female-headed households, 30.96% male-headed households and 32.65% of the population were poor. The logistic marginal effect analysis indicated that as the households’ SDI increased by one unit, the probability of being poor was reduced by 0.282 (p<0.01%). To reduce rural households' poverty, diversification of rural livelihood beyond agricultural income sources should be promoted through skill training, saving mobilization, improving access to credit, market information, and rural transport facility. Moreover, an appropriate institutional arrangement should be made for promoting a rural non-farm economy that can be possible by capacitating and extending of the small and micro-enterprises development agency into rural areas.
Overexpression of HOXA10 is associated with unfavorable prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Guo Chao , Ju Qian-qian , Zhang Chun-xia , Gong Ming , Li Zhen-ling , Gao Ya-yue
Published: March 2020

Background HOXA family genes were crucial transcription factors involving cell proliferation and apoptosis. While few studies have focused on HOXA10 in AML. We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of HOXA10. Methods We downloaded datasets from GEO and BeatAML database, to compare HOXA expression level between AML patients and controls. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate the impact of HOXA10 expression on AML survival. The differentially expressed genes, miRNAs, lncRNAs and methylated regions between HOXA10-high and -low groups were obtained using R (version 3.6.0). Accordingly, the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was accomplished using MSigDB database. Moreover, the regulatory TFs/microRNAs/lncRNAs of HOXA10 were identified. A LASSO-Cox model fitted OS to clinical and HOXA10-associated genetic variables by glmnet package. Results HOXA10 was overexpressed in AML patients than that in controls. The HOXA10-high group is significantly associated with shorter OS and DFS. A total of 1219 DEGs, 131 DEmiRs, 282 DElncRs were identified to be associated with HOXA10. GSEA revealed that 12 suppressed and 3 activated pathways in HOXA10-high group. Furthermore, the integrated regulatory network targeting HOXA10 was established. The LASSO-Cox model fitted OS to AML-survival risk scores, which included age, race, molecular risk, expression of IKZF2/LINC00649/LINC00839/FENDRR and has-miR-424-5p. The time dependent ROC indicated a satisfying AUC (1-year AUC 0.839, 3-year AUC 0.871 and 5-year AUC 0.813). Conclusions Our study identified HOXA10 overexpression as an adverse prognostic factor for AML. The LASSO-COX regression analysis revealed novel prediction model of OS with superior diagnostic utility.
Pengaruh Metode Eksperimen Terhadap Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X pada Materi Gerak Lurus
Authors: Azka Millati , Sudarmanto Agus , Yusufiyah Hesti Khuzaimah Nurul
Published: March 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of experimental method on student learning motivation and student learning outcomes on rectilinear motion material in grade X at MAN Kendal. This is a quantitative research with a sample of 34 students of class X MIPA 4 as an experimental group and 32 students of class X MIPA 2 as a control group. Data collection techniques using test, questionare, observation, interview, and documentation. The experimental class is given learning using experimental methods and control classes using conventional methods. The hypothesis was tested using t test and simple linear regression. The results of hypothesis test show that learning motivation of the experimental class students is higher than the control class and learning outcomes of the experimental class are better than the control class. Based on the results of data analysis, it was concluded that there was a correlation between the experimental method of student motivation and learning outcomes.
Stem Cells: A Review Encompassing the Literature with a Special Focus on the Side-Lined Miraculous Panacea; Pre-Morula Stem Cells
Authors: Saini Aryendu K. , Saini Rakesh , Bansode Himanshu , Singh Anurag , Singh Lalita
Published: March 2020

Stem cells are the undifferentiated cells in the body that possess the ability to differentiate and give rise to any type of cells in the body. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in therapies involving stem cells as different treatment methods got developed. Depending on the source, there are two major kinds of stem cells, embryonic and adult stem cells. The former type is found in the embryo at the different developmental stages before the implantation and excels the latter owing to pluripotency. On the premise of the attributes of stem cells, they are touted as the "panacea for all ills" and are extensively sought for their potential therapeutic roles. There are a lot of robust pieces of evidence that have proved to cure the different ailments in the body like Huntington disease, Parkinson's disease, and Spinal cord injury with stem cell therapy but associated with adverse effects like immune rejection and teratoma formation. In this regard, the pre-morula (isolated at an early pre-morula stage) stem cells (PMSCs) are one of its kind of embryonic stem cells that are devoid of the aforementioned adverse effects. Taking the beneficial factor into account, they are being used for the treatment of disorders like Cerebral palsy, Parkinson's disorder, Aplastic anemia, Multiple sclerosis and many more. However, it is still illegal to use stem cells in the abovementioned disorders. This review encompasses different stem cells and emphasizes on PMSCs for their uniqueness in therapy as no other previously published literature reviews have taken these into consideration. Later in the review, current regulatory aspects related to stem cells are also considered.
Urtica dioica Extract Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in HepG2 and HTC116 as Gastrointestinal Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Kardan Mostafa , Rafiei Alireza , Golpour Monireh , Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad Ali , Akhavan-Niaki Haleh , Fattahi Sadegh
Published: March 2020

Background:

Nowadays the use of plant-derived products has been extensively examined in the treatment
of many types of gastrointestinal cancers such as hepatocarcinoma and colon cancer. Urtica dioica is a traditional
herb that has many pharmacological effects and wildly used as a therapeutic agent in cancer. Herein, we have
evaluated the effects of the different concentrations of Methanolic Extract of Urtica dioica (MEUD) on viability,
death pattern, and expression of the apoptosis-related gene in normal Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF), hepatocarcinoma
cell lines (HepG2) and colon-cancer cell line (HCT116).

Methods:

A high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed to simultaneously separate 3 phenolic
acids in MEUD. HepG2 and HCT116 cell lines as well as HDF normal cell line were cultured in suitable media.
After 24 and 48h, in the cultured cell with different concentrations of MEUD, cells viability was assessed by MTT
assay, and apoptosis was also evaluated at the cellular level by Annexin V/PI flow cytometry analyzing and AO/EB
staining. BCL2 and BAX gene expressions were assessed by TaqMan real-time PCR assay.

Results:

MEUD showed antiproliferative effects on HepG2 and HTC116 cells after 48h with an IC50 value of about
410 and 420μg/ml, respectively (P < 0.001). Apoptotic cells were observed in HepG2 and HTC116 cells but not in
HDF. Furthermore, the increased level of BAX/BCL-2 ratio was observed in HepG2 and HTC116 cells under the
treatment of different concentrations of MEUD.

Conclusions:

The MEUD may influence hepatocarcinoma and colon-cancer cell lines at specific doses and change
their proliferation rate by changing the expression of BAX and BCL2.
Construction and Cloning of Plastic-degrading Recombinant Enzymes (MHETase)
Authors: Janatunaim Rifqi Z. , Fibriani Azzania
Published: March 2020

Background:

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the most widely produced polyester plastic in the world. PET is very difficult to catalyze or biological depolymerization due to the limited access to ester bonds. Consequently, plastic will be stockpiled or flowed into the environment which is projected until hundreds of years. The most effective and environmental friendly plastic degradation method is biodegradation with microorganisms. Two specific enzyme for PET hydrolase, PETase and MHETase have been identified from Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6. Recombinant genes are made to increase the effectiveness of enzymes in degrading PET. Previous studies of the PETase gene have been carried out, but to produce the final degradation PET product, the enzyme MHETase is needed. Thus, in this study the MHETase gene construction was carried out.

Methods:

The goal of this study is to construct MHETase gene in pUCIDT plasmid with native signal peptide from I. sakaensis 201-F6 and constitutive promoter J23106 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) by heats shock. Expression analysis using SDS-PAGE and activity of enzyme is analyzed by spectrophotometry method and SEM.

Results:

MHETase gene protein was successfully constructed in pUCIDT +Amp plasmid with native signal peptide from Ideonella sakaensis 201-F6, T7 terminator and constitutive promoter J23106. PCR analysis showed that the gene successfully contained in the cells by band size (1813 bp) in electrophoresis gel. Analysis using Snap Gene, pairwise alignment using MEGA X, and NCBI was demonstrated that MHETase sequence the gene was in-frame in pUCIDT plasmid.

Conclusion:

MHETase gene was successfully constructed in plasmids by in silico method. Synthetic plasmids transformed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) contain MHETase gene sequences which were in frame. Hence, the E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells have the potential to produce MHETase proteins for the plastic degradation testing process. We will patent the construct of MHETase gene using constitutive promoter and signal peptide from native which expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). This patent refers to a more applicable plastic degradation system with a whole cell without the need for purification and environmental conditioning of pure enzymes.
Utilization of Polysaccharides and their Derivatives in the Removal of Metal Ions: Role and Recent Advancement
Authors: Sharma Akanksha , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Malviya Rishabha
Published: March 2020

The manuscript discusses the role of polysaccharides and their derivatives in the removal of
metal ions from industrial wastewater. Quick modernization and industrialization increase the amount
of various heavy metal ions in the environment. Heavy metals can cause various diseases in humans
and also drastic environmental hazards. In this review, the recent advancement for the adsorption of
heavy metal ions from wastewater by using different methods has been studied. Various natural polymers
and their derivatives act as effective adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions from the
wastewater released from the industries and the treated water released into the environment can decrease
the probability of diseases in humans and environmental hazards. From the literature surveys, it
was concluded that the removal of heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater is beneficial for humans
as well as for environment. Graft copolymers act as the most efficient adsorbents for the removal
of heavy metal ions and most of these follow the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order model of
kinetics.
Optimization of Precontrol Methods and Analysis of a Dynamic Model for Brucellosis: Model Development and Validation (Preprint)
Authors: Huang Yihao , Li Mingtao
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

Brucella is a gram-negative, nonmotile bacterium without a capsule. The infection scope of Brucella is wide. The major source of infection is mammals such as cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and dogs. Currently, human beings do not transmit Brucella to each other. When humans eat Brucella-contaminated food or contact animals or animal secretions and excretions infected with Brucella, they may develop brucellosis. Although brucellosis does not originate in humans, its diagnosis and cure are very difficult; thus, it has a huge impact on humans.

Even with the rapid development of medical science, brucellosis is still a major problem for Chinese people. Currently, the number of patients with brucellosis in China is 100,000 per year. In addition, due to the ongoing improvement in the living standards of Chinese people, the demand for meat products has gradually increased, and increased meat transactions have greatly promoted the spread of brucellosis. Therefore, many researchers are concerned with investigating the transmission of Brucella as well as the diagnosis and treatment of brucellosis.

Mathematical models have become an important tool for the study of infectious diseases. Mathematical models can reflect the spread of infectious diseases and be used to study the effect of different inhibition methods on infectious diseases. The effect of control measures to obtain effective suppression can provide theoretical support for the suppression of infectious diseases. Therefore, it is the objective of this study to build a suitable mathematical model for brucellosis infection.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to study the optimized precontrol methods of brucellosis using a dynamic threshold–based microcomputer model and to provide critical theoretical support for the prevention and control of brucellosis.

METHODS

By studying the transmission characteristics of Brucella and building a Brucella transmission model, the precontrol methods were designed and presented to the key populations (Brucella-susceptible populations). We investigated the utilization of protective tools by the key populations before and after precontrol methods.

RESULTS

An improvement in the amount of glove-wearing was evident and significant (P<.001), increasing from 51.01% before the precontrol methods to 66.22% after the precontrol methods, an increase of 15.21%. However, the amount of hat-wearing did not improve significantly (P=.95). Hat-wearing among the key populations increased from 57.3% before the precontrol methods to 58.6% after the precontrol methods, an increase of 1.3%.

CONCLUSIONS

By demonstrating the optimized precontrol methods for a brucellosis model built on a dynamic threshold–based microcomputer model, this study provides theoretical support for the suppression of Brucella and the improved usage of protective measures by key populations.
Simple storage of sperm cells using combination of coconut and glycerol water towards motility and viability of Koi sperm (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Untsa Agista Tsani , Sutarjo Ganjar Adhywirawan , Hakim Riza Rahman
Published: March 2020

Fish sperm is a crucial part of fish reproduction, especially for Cyprinus carpio. This study aimed to determine the effect of coconut water and glycerol on the motility and viability of sperm koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) and the best treatment on sperm storage of Showa koi fish.This research was conducted for 45 days at Installation ofPunten Freshwater Cultivation - Malang. Thecompletely randomized design (CRD) used with five treatments and three replications. The treatment comes in 750µl coconut water, 500µl coconut water, and 250µl glycerol, 375µl coconut water, and 375µl glycerol, 250µl coconut water and 500µl glycerol, and 750µl glycerol (P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5, respectively). Briefly, the spermis stored at a low temperature (4℃). Observation of sperm motility used sperm cell dilution contained physiologicalNaCl, while the viability calculation used eosin 2% by the smear method. Motility and viability investigationwere employedwere carried out under a microscope with 400x magnification. The results revealed that the addition of coconut water and glycerol had a significant difference on the motility and viability of sperm koi fish.  It could survive 96 hours of storage, but the longer motility and viability would decrease. The P3 showed the best result compared to others. The P3 had an average motility scale of 96 - 5.00 and the average viability is 87.38%. Based on it, the treatment could increase the motility and viability of koi fish sperm.
Gender-biased public perception of STEM fields, focusing on the influence of egalitarian attitudes toward gender roles
Authors: Ikkatai Yuko , Minamizaki Azusa , Kano Kei , Inoue Atsushi , McKay Euan , Yokoyama Hiromi M.
Published: March 2020

Many studies have examined the impression that the general public has of science and how this can prevent girls from choosing science fields. Using an online questionnaire, we investigated whether the public perception of several academic fields was gender-biased in Japan. First, we found the gender-bias gap in public perceptions was largest in nursing and mechanical engineering. Second, people who have a low level of egalitarian attitudes toward gender roles perceived that nursing was suitable for women. Third, people who have a low level of egalitarian attitudes perceived that many STEM fields are suitable for men. This suggests that gender-biased perceptions toward academic fields can still be found in Japan.