bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unbearable Realism: Freedom, Ethics and Identity in The Awakening
Authors: Ramos Peter
Published: October 2010

The two most prominent critical readings of Kate Chopin's The Awakening assert that Edna Pontellier's final actions represent either the mythical triumph of self over a restrictive patriarchy, or, contrarily, the tragic, inevitable defeat of a woman striving to combine motherhood with personhood. Challenging these readings, this paper argues that Edna's actions reveal the danger of withdrawing from all available social roles in favor of an identity-less, though ultimately elusive and destructive, freedom. This paper also argues that The Awakening , although traditionally aligned with realism and naturalism, implicitly questions the values associated with these modes of representation. Portraying identity as a social fiction one inhabits with a certain amount of willpower, the text complicates realism's insistence on the empirical; depicting women who wield significant power over their lives, as well as a protagonist who erroneously believes she has no say over her own, the novella undermines naturalism's tendency toward fatalism.
"The Feeding of Young Women": Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar, Mademoiselle Magazine, and the Domestic Ideal
Authors: Smith Caroline J.
Published: October 2010

This article examines the way in which Sylvia Plath's novel, The Bell Jar , interacts with and is informed by 1950s magazines, focusing on 1953 issues of Mademoiselle magazine, the year in which Plath's novel takes place. "'The Feeding of Young Women'" considers the way in which Plath uses significant moments of eating throughout her novel to underscore the intense hold that Mademoiselle 's domestic, behavioral models have on Esther's sense of self. Reading both articles and advertisements in 1953 editions of Mademoiselle and looking specifically at passages in The Bell Jar that deal with Esther's eating and housekeeping habits, this article asserts that 1950s consumer culture—a culture that encouraged women to navigate beyond the private sphere of the home while limiting those options by simultaneously discouraging that navigation—contributes to Esther's metaphorical starvation.
Manishevitz and Sake, the Kaddish and Sutras: Allen Ginsberg's Spiritual Self-Othering
Authors: Svonkin Craig
Published: October 2010

This essay explores Allen Ginsberg's conflicted relationship to his given Jewishness. Ginsberg dealt with his ambivalence to his "endowed" identity through "transpiritualism," the adoption of marginalized spiritual identities as his own. Ginsberg's transpiritualism was quite complex, however, for he did not simply slough off an endowed Jewish identity for an appropriated or acquired Buddhist identity. Rather, Ginsberg crafted a spiritually complex, hybridized identity and thus escaped the "given" or "endowed" identity he experienced as limiting and claustrophobic. Exploring the psychological, cultural, historical, and aesthetic causes for transpiritual self-othering, I attempt to contextualize Ginsberg's work in the culture of 1950s America.
Criminal Appropriations of Shakespeare in Jasper Fforde's Something Rotten
Authors: Taylor Patricia R.
Published: October 2010

In reaction to studies of Shakespearean appropriations that focused on violent and oppressive uses of Shakespeare's cultural capital, recent scholarship has emphasized the constructive, collaborative nature of appropriations. In this essay, I argue that Jasper Fforde's "Thursday Next" series, and particularly the fourth book Something Rotten , offers an alternative understanding in which violent appropriations can be constructive rather than oppressive. While the series begins by depicting a world in which all readers are potential appropriators of texts and appropriating Shakespeare can literally be criminal, in the end it embraces a model of appropriation in which transgression can lead to liberation.
Tour du Monde : David Mitchell's Ghostwritten and the Cosmopolitan Imagination
Authors: Schoene Berthold
Published: October 2010

David Mitchell's Ghostwritten (1999) pioneers a new narrative modus operandi for twenty-first-century British fiction. Using Mitchell's novel as a case study, the article revives Benedict Anderson's influential oppositioning of tour d'horizon , which is the realm of both the nation and the novel, and tour du monde , which remains outside either's vision and, as the article demonstrates, constitutes the representational realm of the cosmopolitan novel. The cosmopolitan novel's evolution out of its nationally bounded predecessor is charted analogically to Arjun Appadurai's distinction between old and new systems of political organization as "vertebrate" (signifying fixed traditions of strictly inter/nationalist thinking) and "cellular" (signifying the new unpredictable mutability of global/transnational flows). Following Nancy Armstrong's How Novels Think (2006), the article also explores the possible impact of cosmopolitan representation on the formation of new global subjectivities.
Assessing the Promise of Jonathan Franzen's First Three Novels: A Rejection of "Refuge"
Authors: Hawkins Ty
Published: October 2010

This article attempts a broad-canvassed reading of the three novels Jonathan Franzen has published to date, The Twenty-Seventh City (1988), Strong Motion (1992), and The Corrections (2001). By analyzing these novels alongside Franzen's extensive non-fiction efforts in the genres of the literary essay and personal narrative, the article uncovers a central and paralytic contradiction in Franzen's thinking about the American "social novel." Franzen's aesthetics suggest that for him the American social novel is to serve as a forum wherein writers and readers consider the intersection of individual lives and the social forces that prevent individuals from establishing community in contemporary American life. At the same time, both Franzen's nonfiction work and his novels undermine the prospect of community by characterizing global capitalism in overwhelmingly deterministic terms.
"Death by Misadventure": Teaching Transgression in/through Larsen's Passing
Authors: Labbé Jessica
Published: October 2010

"Death by Misadventure': Teaching Transgression in/through Larsen's Passing " provides college literature teachers with a detailed historical, theoretical, and critical analysis of Larsen's popular novel. Using bell hooks' groundbreaking approach to "transgressive" education, as described in Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom , the article illustrates the means by which Passing can help teachers achieve hooks' radical vision of learning. To this end, the author situates Larsen and her novel within an inclusive, kaleidoscopic vision of modernism and folds into this discussion Larsen's modernist stylistic strategies. Related to these subversive strategies are the critical debates surrounding Larsen's use/interrogation of "passing," tragic mulatto, and (potentially) lesbian narratives. In addition to these "transgressive" interpretations of the text, the author reads Clare Kendry as a New Woman anthropologist figure and illustrates how our inability to decipher the cause of her demise is a testament to Larsen's success as a "transgressive" modernist author.
A Pyrotechnic of Multiple Puns: Decoding the Political Satires of Nicolas Calas
Authors: Hoff Lena
Published: October 2010

In the 1960s and 1970s, the Greek-American poet and art critic Nicolas Calas wrote a series of satirical poems with highly political content. While most of his postwar poetry was written in a dense language characterized by cryptic word-games, the three political satires which attacked the monarchy and the junta are almost overloaded with multilevel puns that need careful decoding in order to be fully understood. Their conversion to English becomes an important part of the deciphering process. Several of the caricatures which emerge border on the grotesque as Calas mercilessly exposed and ridiculed the objects of his scorn. The exaggerated gestures of these political satires make us see the society that he criticized through a magnifying glass, or, rather surrealistically, in contorting fairground mirrors.
No More Heroes? Rejection and Reverberation of the Past in the 2008 Events in Greece
Authors: Kornetis Kostis
Published: October 2010

This article attempts to trace the contested relationship between the December 2008 riots in Greece and the revolutionary past, aiming to promote a discussion on the dynamic relationship between past and present. The article argues that even though the activists' repertoire was pretty much removed from the past, their discourse often echoed or reverberated its poetics. The article further discusses how past movements—including December 1944, May 1968 and the Polytechnic events of 1973, were picked up and promoted by the media as compelling alter egos. The paper further reacts against the assertion put forward by prominent analysts that the 2008 "December events" were a direct consequence of the so-called "spirit of the metapolitefsi" and catalogues the novel characteristics of the movement, including the extensive use of technology and its transnational outlook.
Stones (papers, humans)
Authors: Panourgiá Neni
Published: October 2010

The making and self-making of political subjects is a process that presupposes an engagement with both intellectual and tactile materials. One of these intellectual materials is ideology, which stains tactile objects, such as stones and paper, with the heft of its own meanings. Competing ideologies strive to control the meanings of objects. Such has been the case for stones as observed in their use at the concentration camps of the Greek Civil War period, or the camps in Tito's Yugoslavia, or conversely, by the high school students during the December 2008 Events in Athens. Where sovereign power recruits objects and materials as parts of its apparatus, resistance movements appropriate these same objects as means of opposition.
The Phenomenology of Hoods: Some Reflections on the 2008 Violence in Greece
Authors: Pourgouris Marinos
Published: October 2010

The 2008 Greek riots were dramatized as a discourse of phainesthai : the violence that describes them manifested itself in the proliferation of a number of interrelated constructs, such as apháneia, diapháneia, apokálypsis, kálypsis, koukoulofóroi, and gnostoí-ágnostoi. Much of the discussion here focuses on the function of the hood ( koukoúla ) and, more specifically, the implementation of a law in Greece to outlaw hoods during demonstrations. Such phenomenological exploration opens up a space where the relationship between (in)visibility and violence can be examined in the framework of what Slavoj Žižek calls "objective violence." Against the background of a wider theoretical discussion on the ethics of violence (Arendt, Benjamin, Foucault, Critchley, Žižek), the 2008 events are also considered in relation to the French riots of 2005 in an attempt to map out their revelatory force: i.e. the violence and the tensions they revealed .
The Recent Economic Crisis in Greece and the Strategy of Capital
Authors: Sakellaropoulos Spyros
Published: October 2010

The deficit and public debt crisis in Greece, part of the expansion of the global crisis through the countries of the Economic and Monetary Union, raises questions about the existence of a common currency for national formations with different productivity, the specific role of financial capital in the overall conjuncture, and the maintenance of the hegemonic position of Germany within the EU. In Greece the problem of the deficit and the debt is employed as a bridgehead for the deployment of aggressive class policies. The effort is centered on rapid transfer of wealth from labor to capital—reduction in salaries, greater labor flexibility, loosening of restrictions on firing, reduction in pensions—with an intensity unprecedented in modern times. Through this project the Greek bourgeoisie calculates that it will acquire the capacity to deal with the pressures to which it is being subjected by capitalist formations of higher productivity.
Remembering Diaspora, Forgetting the Global? Emerging Cosmopolitics in Contemporary Greece
Authors: Laliotou Ioanna
Published: October 2010

Mobility constitutes a normative characteristic of the traditions and the historical development of the region of Modern Greece. Revisiting the history of the nation, not in its own terms, but in the terms of globality, and focusing on issues related to migration and diaspora, highlight the role that mobility and stasis play in the constitution of the social and the political in contemporary Greece. They also highlight some of the regional emergences of globality and of the conflict, crisis and expectations that these emergences provoke.
Reflections on Basic Science
Authors: Piatigorsky Joram
Published: October 2010

After almost 50 years in science, I believe that there is an acceptable, often advantageous chasm between open-ended basic research—free exploration without a practical destination and in which the original ideas may fade into new concepts—and translational research or clinical research. My basic research on crystalline (proteins conferring the optical properties of the eye lens) led me down paths I never would have considered if I were conducting translational research. My investigations ranged from jellyfish to mice and resulted in the gene-sharing concept, which showed that the same protein can have distinct molecular functions depending upon its expression pattern and, conversely, that different proteins can serve similar functional roles. This essay portrays basic science as a creative narrative, comparable to literary and artistic endeavors. Preserving the autonomy of open-ended basic research and recognizing its artistic, narrative qualities will accelerate the development of innovative concepts, create a rich resource of information feeding translational research, and have a positive impact by attracting creative individuals to science.
Chaos, Fractals, and Our Concept of Disease
Authors: Varela Manuel , Ruiz-Esteban Raul , Mestre De Juan Maria Jose
Published: October 2010

The classic anatomo-clinic paradigm based on clinical syndromes is fraught with problems. Nevertheless, for multiple reasons, clinicians are reluctant to embrace a more pathophysiological approach, even though this is the prevalent paradigm under "which basic sciences work. In recent decades, nonlinear dynamics ("chaos theory") and fractal geometry have provided powerful new tools to analyze physiological systems. However, these tools are embedded in the pathophysiological perspective and are not easily translated to our classic syndromes. This article comments on the problems raised by the conventional anatomo-clinic paradigm and reviews three areas in which the influence of nonlinear dynamics and fractal geometry can be especially prominent: disease as a loss of complexity, the idea of homeostasis, and fractals in pathology.
Semiotics and the Placebo Effect
Authors: Miller Franklin G. , Colloca Luana
Published: October 2010

Despite substantial progress in elucidating its neurobiological mechanisms, theoretical understanding of the placebo effect is poorly developed. Application of the semiotic theory developed by the American philosopher Charles Peirce offers a promising account of placebo effects as involving the apprehension and response to signs. The semiotic approach dovetails with the various psychological mechanisms invoked to account for placebo effects, such as conditioning and expectation, and bridges the biological and cultural dimensions of this fascinating phenomenon.
Ethical Issues in Translational Research
Authors: Petrini Carlo
Published: October 2010

The translation of biomedical research knowledge to effective clinical treatment is essential to the public good and is a main focus of current health policy. However, recent health policy initiatives intended to foster the translation of basic science into clinical and public health advances must also consider the unique bioethical issues raised by the increased focus on translational research. Safety of study participants and balancing of risk due to treatment with the potential benefits of the research is tantamount. This article synthesizes theory from clinical ethics, operational design, and philosophy to provide a bioethical framework for the health policy of translational research.
The Many Worlds of Ida
Authors: Fleagle John G.
Published: October 2010

The early primate fossil that forms the type specimen of Darwinius masillae , known informally as Ida, was first announced in a spectacular media blitz in May 2009, including a publication in the journal PLoS ONE , a public unveiling at the American Museum of Natural History, massive coverage by television and newspapers, a documentary program on the History Channel, and a book. However, reaction to the fossil by other scientists was largely critical of its purported significance, and later publications have reached very different conclusions than those promoted in the original announcements. Moreover, there are inconsistencies in the information provided by the scientific paper, the book, and the public announcements. What is the source of these discrepancies, and what is the relationship between scientific progress and media coverage?
Financial Conflicts of Interest and the Ethical Obligations of Medical School Faculty and the Profession
Authors: Austad Kirsten , Brendel David H. , Brendel Rebecca W.
Published: October 2010

Despite their potential benefits, relationships linking medical school faculty and the pharmaceutical and device industries may also challenge the professional value of primacy of patient welfare, a point highlighted in a recent Institute of Medicine report. Academic medical centers and professors have the added professional obligation to ensure the unbiased, evidence-based education of future doctors. This essay argues that faculty financial conflicts of interest may threaten this obligation by propagating the bias introduced by these relationships to students. This could occur directly through the process of curriculum determination and delivery, and also indirectly through the "hidden curriculum," which deserves particular attention, as its lessons may conflict with those professed in the formal curriculum. The essay concludes with guiding principles to consider when developing a conflict of interest policy at academic medical centers.
Does Pediatrics Need Its Own Bioethics?
Authors: Lantos John D.
Published: October 2010

Pediatric bioethics raises unique issues because children are constantly growing, developing, and changing. The ethical issues that arise for newborns are different from those that arise for seven-year-olds or 17-year-olds. Furthermore, children do not develop cognitive capacities or moral reasoning skills at the same rate. Thus, it is difficult to generalize about what is appropriate or inappropriate for children in either the clinical or the research setting. This article responds to some of the issues raised by a new volume of essays about pediatric bioethics. It puts these issues into historical context by examining the implications of Saul Krugman's famous studies on the etiology and prevention of hepatitis at New York's Willowbrook State School.
The Philosophical "Mind-Body Problem" and Its Relevance for the Relationship Between Psychiatry and the Neurosciences
Authors: Van Oudenhove Lukas , Cuypers Stefaan E.
Published: October 2010

Parallel to psychiatry, "philosophy of mind" investigates the relationship between mind (mental domain) and body/brain (physical domain). Unlike older forms of philosophy of mind, contemporary analytical philosophy is not exclusively based on introspection and conceptual analysis, but also draws upon the empirical methods and findings of the sciences. This article outlines the conceptual framework of the "mind-body problem" as formulated in contemporary analytical philosophy and argues that this philosophical debate has potentially far-reaching implications for psychiatry as a clinical-scientific discipline, especially for its own autonomy and its relationship to neurology/neuroscience. This point is illustrated by a conceptual analysis of the five principles formulated in Kandel's 1998 article "A New Intellectual Framework for Psychiatry." Kandel's position in the philosophical mind-body debate is ambiguous, ranging from reductive physicalism (psychophysical identity theory) to non-reductive physicalism (in which the mental "supervenes" on the physical) to epiphenomenalist dualism or even emergent dualism. We illustrate how these diverging interpretations result in radically different views on the identity of psychiatry and its relationship with the rapidly expanding domain of neurology/neuroscience.
Morality, Adapted
Authors: Sachs Benjamin
Published: October 2010

Over the last few decades, scientists have been busy debunking the myth that nonhuman animals relate to each other in a primarily competitive, aggressive way. What they have found is that many species of animal, including many of those most closely related to humans, display a remarkable range of cooperative, "prosocial" behavior. In fact, it appears that some animal societies adhere to a moral code. What is preventing us, then, from saying that the members of these societies are moral beings? Nothing important, according to a recent book. Probing further into this question, I suggest that in fact quite a lot is at risk in making this move. To integrate nonhuman animals fully into the moral domain, we may have to adapt our conception of morality in some very troublesome ways.
Oswald T. Avery: Nobel Laureate or Noble Luminary?
Authors: Portugal Frank
Published: October 2010

In 1944, Oswald T. Avery and his associates reported that DNA was the chemical substance acting to genetically transform species of pneumococcal bacteria. Many believe that Avery warranted the Nobel Prize for this discovery. Avery's work is evaluated here in light of the Nobel archives, which have made public the names of those who nominated Avery for this award and the basis for each of the nominations. Based on the archival record, it seems that key biological chemists "were not convinced by Avery's claim that DNA was the basis of heredity, that no geneticists nominated Avery, and that most nominators overlooked Avery's work on DNA in favor of his work on the immunogenicity of the bacterial capsule. Three critical scientific factors that adversely affected acceptance of Avery's work were the possibility of protein contamination of DNA, the role of DNA transformation limited to a few species of bacteria, and the possibility that DNA was acting as a chemical mutagen on the true genetic substance. In addition, Avery's own idiosyncratic behavior may have unintentionally confounded acceptance of his groundbreaking discovery.
Embryology and Disorders of Sexual Development
Authors: Marino Thomas A.
Published: October 2010

Recent consensus is that individuals with atypical male or female phenotype are to be considered to have a "disorder of sexual development." The goal is to eliminate previous terminology that included the terms intersex, hermaphrodite , or pseudohermaphrodite . However, the teaching of embryology, and particularly teaching about the development of the reproductive system, still has not made the change to the new terminology. If those who teach embryology to health-care professionals remain unaware of the controversies associated with the old terminology and continue to use it, they will perpetuate a nomenclature that can be destructive. Any terminology must be used carefully to avoid dehumanizing the individual to a disease or a medical state. We should be able to state clearly the variations in morphology that exist, attend to the immediate health of the individual, and avoid any attempt to stigmatize gender-atypical individuals.
Making Fat Work
Authors: Sargis Robert M. , Brady Matthew J.
Published: October 2010

The burgeoning obesity and metabolic disease epidemics in the developed world are exerting a terrible toll on society, yet the precise mechanisms responsible for the emergence of these dramatic trends over a relatively short period of time remain poorly understood. Philip A.Wood's book How Fat Works provides important insights into cellular lipid metabolism, as well as discussing some of the important external contributors to the development of human obesity. The foundation provided by this book allows for the exploration of how body fat has gone from hero during the millennia when starvation was the paramount nutritional risk to its current role as villain in our period of caloric excess. With the incredible personal and societal costs brought about by excess body weight, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms responsible for obesity is fundamentally necessary if we are to reverse these dire trends. Here, we delve deeper into some of the forces contributing to the obesity epidemic and discuss some individual measures as well as public policy decisions that may help reverse weight trends, while specifically focusing on the growing problem of pediatric obesity.
Thinking on the Edge: Heidegger, Derrida, and the Daoist Gateway ( Men 門)
Authors: Burik Steven
Published: October 2010

Many philosophical interpretations of the Daoist classics have proceeded, or continue to proceed, to read into these works the quest for a transcendental, foundational principle, a permanent moment of rest beyond the turmoil of everchanging things. The metaphysics that may be understood to be at work in such interpretations is what Heidegger and Derrida have called philosophy as ontotheology. It is argued here that Heidegger, Derrida, and the classical Daoists are better understood not so much as metaphysical and essentialist thinkers but as advocates of a profoundly inner-worldly way of thinking. In arguing for such a different approach, the focus here is on the situational character of Daoism, showing how taking a non-metaphysical approach will help make clear that Daoism is concerned with the interrelatedness of all things, and thus also of humans with these things. In doing so, the focus is specifically on the "gateway" ( men 門) character, and comparisons are drawn with Heidegger and Derrida. It is argued that when considered closely, the use of this "gateway" character, especially in the Daodejing , but also in the Zhuangzi and the Yuandao , does not point to a transcendent or transcendental dao beyond the "gateway," but to an inner-worldly dao understood as defining regularity within a process world.
Is Space Created?: Reflections on Śaṇkara's Philosophy and Philosophy of Physics
Authors: Duquette Jonathan , Ramasubramanian K.
Published: October 2010

Here the concept of "space" is discussed from two different streams of thought: (1) the view held by Advaita Vedānta, as expounded by Śaṇkara, and (2) the view that emerges from the ongoing debates in modern philosophy of physics. The emphasis is on addressing the following question: is space created or not? To set the necessary backdrop for a better appreciation of the debate that evolved within the Indian tradition, we first examine how the Vaiśeṣika and Sāṃkhya schools of thought unfold the concept of ākāśa in relation to their metaphysics. We then carefully analyze a section of Śaṇkara's Brahmasūtrabhāṣya (BSB II.3.1–7), wherein the creation of ākāśa is discussed at great length. The second part of this essay attempts to highlight the ongoing struggle among physicists to arrive at an understanding of the nature and origin of space, with reference to the general theory of relativity and quantum field theory. It ends with a critical reflection on parallels and differences that come forth from the study of Advaita Vedānta and modern physics.
Cartesian Intuitions, Humean Puzzles, and the Buddhist Conception of the Self
Authors: Tomhave Alan
Published: October 2010

The Cartesian conception of the self is of an essentially thinking thing, a robust "I," one that wills, feels, et cetera. This Cartesian self is often taken as opposed to the Buddhist conception of the self, which includes the doctrine of anatta , or "no soul." The Cartesian robust "I" is open to a criticism that, as opposed to one essential thinking thing, there actually exists a group of things being held together somehow, which constitutes the "I." This criticism is closely related to the Humean conception of the self as a bundle of perceptions and the Buddhist conception of the self as being made up of the five skandha s. However, there remains, even after the Humean and Buddhist critique, what I call the "Cartesian Intuition." This is simply the idea that if there is action taking place, there must be some thing performing the action. I argue that while the Humean conception violates this Cartesian Intuition, the Buddhist conception maintains it. Thus, while the Cartesian and Buddhist views of the self are usually seen as inconsistent, there is a very important sense in which they are compatible: they both maintain the Cartesian Intuition.
Isolation and Involvement: Wilhelm von Humboldt, François Jullien, and More
Authors: Wenzel Christian Helmut
Published: October 2010

This is an essay about language, thought, and culture in general, and about Ancient Greek and Classical Chinese in particular. It is about the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and about comparative philosophy, as well as a contribution to the history of ideas. From the language side, it relies on the nineteenth-century German linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt, and from the culture side on the contemporary French sinologist François Jullien. Combining their ideas, substance is given to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, and some of Jullien's claims about the historical and political development of Chinese culture are explained. The central claim here is that a certain lack of morphology (a lack of what may be called an abstract and universal "systematic scheme of variation") in the Chinese language invites the user to pay more attention to contexts and be more perceptive of, and open to, change and transformation. A further claim made here is that this leads to more involvement in the world but at the same time demands distance and detour. Toward the end there is a reflection on problems of autonomy and personal identity, self-understanding, politics, and our relation to the world around us.
Beyond Liberal Civil Society: Confucian Familism and Relational Strangership
Authors: Kim Sungmoon
Published: October 2010

This essay argues that if Confucian familism, which has been blamed as the single greatest obstacle to achieving a civil society, is creatively repossessed, the potential looks very promising for constructing a Confucian civil society that is qualitatively different from a liberal civil society predicated on moral individualism, and for underpinning its unique mode of civility ("sociability") and citizenship ("strangership"). This essay first shows that the intrinsic value of the Confucian family consists in "filial and fraternal responsibility" ( xiaodi 孝悌), then contends that a Confucian self-cultivation ( xiushen 修身) that involves a double transformation of individuality and relationality (due to the very nature of the Confucian self being a relational self) engenders a responsible moral agent that is at once filial and civil. It concludes by proposing "relational strangership" as the backbone of a Confucian civil society.
Soil : Threshold Spaces of Subjectivity, Pedagogy, and Place in Landscape Art
Authors: Pente Patti
Published: October 2010

Through intersections of place, art, and pedagogy, normative ways of understanding landscape art and subjectivity are opened to other possibilities. With the creation of eight pieces of art, and the various activities related to them, I offer alternatives to the metaphor of wilderness that informs nationalism. With this a/r/tographical inquiry into elements of the land that serve as structural and heuristic supports, interwoven with the philosophy of Jean-Luc Nancy and Jacques Derrida, I draw on understandings of subjectivity theorized and performed from the premise that it, like learning, is an unpredictable, relational activity of emergence that exists as a threshold space.
Novice Art Teachers: Navigating Through the First Year
Authors: Kuster Deborah A. , Bain Christina , Newton Connie , Milbrandt Melody K.
Published: October 2010

Four researchers collaborated on this multisite qualitative case study that examined 11 novice art teachers negotiating their way through their first year of teaching. Participants in three states were selected through a criterion method sampling strategy. The subjects were employed in rural, urban, and suburban public school districts. Researchers conducted 3-4 structured interviews using the same time line and interview protocols during the 2005-2006 academic year. Results indicate that, as novice art teachers assimilated into their respective school cultures, logistical and classroom management issues were of primary concern. Successes reported included a sense of community with their students, improving dialogue about art, and showcasing their art program.
"So What." "Who Cares?" "Whatever.": Changing Adolescents' Attitudes in the Art Classroom
Authors: Cummings Karen L.
Published: October 2010

While teaching art in a small midwestern high school, I began an investigation to better understand my students' learning experiences. As my students engaged in a visual culture-oriented art curriculum, I investigated their responses to curricular activities, their interactions, and my teaching practice. Student journal entries, survey responses, teacher observations and reflections, transcriptions of classroom discourse, and student artwork were among data collected for analysis. Although the activities the students encountered during the curriculum were noteworthy, the relationships and interactions occurring in response to curricular activities were of most significance in influencing students' actions. This essay further describes my observations and findings from this study, and offers suggestions for the teaching of adolescents in the art classroom.
Identity and the Visual Arts Curriculum in Colonial and Postcolonial Hong Kong
Authors: Mui Ma So
Published: October 2010

This essay examines identity politics reflected in primary and secondary school art curricula before and after the reunification of Hong Kong with China in 1997. Strategies used by the previous British colonial government and the current Chinese government to control the local people and to maintain harmony among them are compared. As early as 1967, the British promoted the inclusion of Chinese art in the art curriculum, presumably to avoid conflict with China. After the return of Hong Kong to China in 1997, the local Hong Kong government emphasized the need to increase the Chinese content in the visual arts curriculum, though no noticeable effort was made to translate this value into action. From the colonial years to the present day, art from cultures other than the West and China has been limited, and local art has been consistently marginalized. This practice reveals that both colonial and the postcolonial governments in Hong Kong have used the same politics of control.
Teacher Art Talk: What We Say Matters
Authors: Cotner Teresa L.
Published: October 2010

This study examines art discourse from four elementary school art teachers who came to their classrooms with very different kinds of preparation: a student teacher, an artist in residence, a volunteer parent, and a credentialed art specialist. Two simultaneous and implicit functions of the teachers' spoken discourse are analyzed: an informational function and a social function. Findings illuminate strengths and weaknesses in art teacher talk, and suggest effective kinds of discourse that all teachers can utilize.
Examining Explanations for Differences in Two-Dimensional Graphic Spatial Representation of Cubes Among Totally Blind Subjects
Authors: I Bin , Shiu Chuen-Jiang
Published: October 2010

This essay examines the earlier findings regarding the final stages of development of two-dimensional graphic spatial representation among congenitally blind individuals. Using the "draw a cube task," our study probes into the spatial representation by participants aged 17 and above and with different visual conditions. Nine totally blind participants, ages between 17 and 21, represent five visual conditions. Only one among them, a subject who lost his vision at 9 years of age and who loved to draw prior to loosing his vision, adopted the final stage of graphic development, the oblique projection system. Remaining participants used the orthographic projection system or earlier stages. These results contradict Kennedy's assumptions and developmental model that purports that congenitally blind individuals may attain the final stages of graphic development through tactile experience. We offer the explanation that participants' (of earlier studies conducted by Kennedy) past visual experience, their passion to learn drawing, and specific education are possible crucial reasons why these totally blind subjects adopted oblique perception or linear perspective; and we argue that the tactile sense alone cannot replace the visual sense when it comes to either obtaining visual information or two-dimensional graphic representational strategies. Other insights include consideration of implications for the art and education of blind children.
A Survey of Postsecondary Art Educators' Workplace Concerns
Authors: Milbrandt Melody K. , Klein Sheri R.
Published: October 2010

Early in the fall of 2006, an invitation to participate in a survey entitled the NAEA Higher Education Demographics, Interests and Needs Assessment was distributed to art teacher educators via the National Art Education Higher Education Listserv. The purpose of the survey was to gather information regarding the demographics and workplace conditions of art educators in higher education. This article shared findings and addresses workplace issues related to art educator faculty salaries, workloads, promotion and tenure policies, and collective bargaining practices in the field of art education.
Promoting Artistic and Cultural Development Through Service Learning and Critical Pedagogy in a Low-Income Community Art Program
Authors: Adejumo Christopher Olubunmi
Published: October 2010

In this article, I describe how art instruction in a community art program was made more meaningful by relating pedagogy to real-life events in the community. The article discusses programming activities in the Children of the Future (COTF) art program at Sawyer Recreation Center, located in a low-income housing project historically known as Poindexter Village in Columbus, Ohio. The observations discussed here were made in my longitudinal study of COTF at Sawyer between 1996 and 2006. The program's activities included studio art production, community service, and participation in local cultural events.
(K)not an Impasse: Working Through Lacanian Theory as Research Methodology
Authors: Daiello Vicki
Published: October 2010

This essay illuminates key points in the development of a psychoanalytic theory–informed case study of student writing in Criticizing Television, an undergraduate, writing-intensive art education course. The discussion describes the research context, including a select group of concepts that structure the inquiry: subjectivity and desire, the Other, thick interpretation, critical consciousness, and resistance. In addition, Lacanian psychoanalytic theory and methodology are briefly explicated and problematized, providing a foundation for an exploration of Ellie-Ragland Sullivan's Lacanian Poetics and Carol Gilligan's Listening Guide, followed by discussion of an impasse method of reflexive data analysis. The impasse, first perceived as an obstacle in the research, is linked with the concept of critical (un)consciousness, becoming the metaphorical, methodological (k)not upon which the case study and its data pivot.
Lacan in Art Education
Authors: Fróis João Pedro
Published: October 2010

This essay considers some uses of Jacques Lacan's theory in art education. A comparison of Freud and Lacan's writings about art identifies some concepts suggested by them that are interwoven in art education. The review focuses primarily on Lacan's work and then on its use by jan jagodzinski and Dennis Atkinson. Their contributions illustrate the vitality of psychoanalysis for understanding the development of the subject in the aesthetic, cognitive, and social dimensions.
The Thames Is a Teacher: Lacanian Metaphor and Meaning in Writing About Art
Authors: Thomas Beth A.
Published: October 2010

This essay explores the potential for a Lacanian approach to metaphor to provide insight into meaning making in the reception of writing about art and artistic practice. Although the relevance of metaphor for an understanding of contemporary art and artmaking has been questioned, I suggest metaphor remains a useful and relevant concept when exploring understandings about artistic practice as they are expressed linguistically. Jacques Lacan's unique approach to metaphor as a process of psychic repression and identification opens spaces within language to explore relationships between conscious and unconscious knowledge and the impact they have on the reception of writing. Focusing on Daniel Birnbaum's article "Stream of Conscience" (1999), which explores Mark Dion's development of his 1999 piece Tate Thames Dig, I explore ways metaphor enables a reading of tension, intertextuality, and desire within an identifactory framework.
The Site/Sight/Cite of Jacques Lacan or Forget Slavoj Žižek? Implications for Art and Its Education
Authors: jagodzinski jan
Published: October 2010

This essay attempts to introduce Jacques Lacan in an accessible manner through the explanation of a joke as formulated by Slavoj Žižek in order to develop what is the key to grasping Lacanian psychoanalysis —objet a. It is hoped that difficulties that surround other important terms within the Lacanian lexicon become more accessible through this example. Also, a strong distinction is developed between Lacanian psychoanalysis and post-structuralism, which has become hegemonic in visual cultural studies. I argue that Lacan is not a post-structuralist. Lastly, the essay attempts to question the Žižekian appropriation of Lacan by maintaining that there is another account of the psychic Real as forwarded especially by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, as well as Julia Kristeva, that may well have more import for the arts and their education. This remains as an unresolved tension.
Exploring Pedagogical Fantasies in Those Learning to Teach Art
Authors: Hetrick Laura
Published: October 2010

Exploring a popular visual culture representation of an arts educator and using the Lacanian concept of fantasy, I interpret an unconscious pedagogical fantasy—teacher as savior—that (student) teachers may have when imagining teaching art. Pedagogical fantasies are fantasies that involve pedagogical encounters/exchanges between two or more people (especially teachers and students) inside or outside of an educational setting. I suggest that teacher educators can use fantasy as an impetus for discussion about and working through the anxieties of the profession of teaching art and art teacher identity.
Sites and Sinthomes: Fantasmatic Spaces of Child Art in Art Education
Authors: Tavin Kevin M.
Published: October 2010

Brent Wilson (2005) has described three primary sites of visual culture experiences for children and their art teachers. The first is made up of visual culture experiences outside and beyond the classroom. The second is the conventional or transformed classroom. And the third is a space where connections are made between formal schooling and children's so-called self-initiated visual culture. In this essay, I reassess the three sites through psychoanalytic theories to more fully comprehend and critique contemporary concepts of child art in education, within an approach that is situated deeply within the realm of the unconscious. Through theories of the Real, I interpret the study of child art and the proclamation of "the death of child art" as an example of one of art education's sinthomes. I conclude with some remarks on the possibility of a fourth site that honors and extends Wilson's ideas on pedagogy.
Jacques Lacan's Conception of Desire in a Course on Psychology of Art for Fine Arts Students
Authors: Petry Paulo Padilla , Hernández Fernando Hernández
Published: October 2010

Jacques Lacan's ideas have produced deep changes in the psychoanalytic field and have also had great influence on several disciplines. Our interest here is to question what the theoretical and practical implications of adopting his conception of desire would be in contemporary art education. To explore this issue, we divide this essay into three parts. In the first, we look at some of Lacan's views on education; in the second, we seek the contributions made by Lacan to the notion of desire in psychoanalytic discourse; finally, we present an example of the process of introducing Lacan's ideas about desire into a course of Psychology of Art for Fine Arts undergraduates at the University of Barcelona. The purpose was to facilitate the recognition of the students' own desire, both in a pedagogical relationship and in their lives.
Artmaking and the Sinthome
Authors: Walker Sydney R.
Published: October 2010

The image saturation of contemporary culture has produced a problematic situation for artistic practice, immobilizing the photographic image with cliché and stereotype. The essay considers this dilemma through the practice of Chilean political activist artist Alfredo Jaar and the Lacanian concepts of the sinthome, the Real, and jouissance. Although difficult concepts, even within Jacques Lacan's oeuvre, the sinthome, the Real, and jouissance offer powerful conceptual tools for constructing artistic practice as a challenge to the capture of the image by contemporary media.
Neonatal Hyperglycemia
Authors: Rozance Paul J. , Hay William W.
Published: November 2010

Neonatal hyperglycemia is one of the most common metabolic abnormalities encountered in preterm and critically ill newborns. Although the definition varies, a blood glucose concentration greater than 125 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L) or a plasma or serum glucose concentration greater than 150 mg/dL (8.3 mmol/L) often is used. Management of hyperglycemia is highly variable, probably because of the lack of evidence for improved outcomes in most neonates with any specific approach. This review focuses on the risk factors and causes for neonatal hyperglycemia, the associated consequences and pathology, and current management strategies.
Relationship between Mercury Concentration and Growth Rates for Walleyes, Northern Pike, and Lake Trout from Quebec Lakes
Authors: Lavigne Mélyssa , Lucotte Marc , Paquet Serge
Published: November 2010

The relationship between mercury (Hg) concentrations in fish muscle and fish growth rates was assessed for 54 walleye Sander vitreus, 52 northern pike Esox lucius, and 35 lake trout Salvelinus namaycush populations throughout the Province of Quebec, Canada. We used the von Bertalanffy growth model to estimate the ages of fish specimens for a given length, and Hg concentrations in fish specimens at standardized length were determined via a quadratic regression model. Measured values of Hg concentrations in walleyes, northern pike, and lake trout were then correlated to the estimated age at standardized length for each population (375, 675, and 550 mm, respectively). A model‐II regression was performed to describe the existing relationships. Growth rates were positively related to Hg concentrations in walleyes and northern pike (when three outliers were excluded), whereas no correlation was observed for lake trout. Our findings demonstrate that slower‐growing walleyes and northern pike have higher Hg concentrations at standardized length. For these fish species, growth rate could be used as an integrated proxy to predict Hg concentration in fish muscle on a regional scale. Our findings support the contention that biodilution can be an important factor regulating mercury concentrations in fish. Thus, our findings suggest that proper control of fish growth rate through fishing pressure, lake ecology, and watershed management could be used by fisheries management authorities to minimize the toxic risk associated with Hg exposure from fish consumption.