bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular determinant of substrate binding and specificity of cytochrome P450 2J2
Authors: Xu Liang , Chen Liao Y.
Published: December 2020

Cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) is responsible for the epoxidation of endogenous arachidonic acid, and is involved in the metabolism of exogenous drugs. To date, no crystal structure of CYP2J2 is available, and the proposed structural basis for the substrate recognition and specificity in CYP2J2 varies with the structural models developed using different computational protocols. In this study, we developed a new structural model of CYP2J2, and explored its sensitivity to substrate binding by molecular dynamics simulations of the interactions with chemically similar fluorescent probes. Our results showed that the induced-fit binding of these probes led to the preferred active poses ready for the catalysis by CYP2J2. Divergent conformational dynamics of CYP2J2 due to the binding of each probe were observed. However, a stable hydrophobic clamp composed of residues I127, F310, A311, V380, and I487 was identified to restrict any substrate access to the active site of CYP2J2. Molecular docking of a series of compounds including amiodarone, astemizole, danazol, ebastine, ketoconazole, terfenadine, terfenadone, and arachidonic acid to CYP2J2 confirmed the role of those residues in determining substrate binding and specificity of CYP2J2. In addition to the flexibility of CYP2J2, the present work also identified other factors such as electrostatic potential in the vicinity of the active site, and substrate strain energy and property that have implications for the interpretation of CYP2J2 metabolism.
siRNA biogenesis and advances in topically applied dsRNA for controlling virus infections in tomato plants
Authors: Rego-Machado Camila M. , Nakasu Erich Y. T. , Silva João M. F. , Lucinda Natália , Nagata Tatsuya , Inoue-Nagata Alice K.
Published: December 2020

A non-transgenic approach based on RNA interference was employed to induce protection against tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) infection in tomato plants. dsRNA molecules targeting the cp gene of ToMV were topically applied on plants prior to virus inoculation. Protection was dose-dependent and sequence-specific. While no protection was achieved when 0–16 µg dsRNA were used, maximum rates of resistance (60 and 63%) were observed in doses of 200 and 400 µg/plant, respectively. Similar rates were also obtained against potato virus Y when targeting its cp gene. The protection was quickly activated upon dsRNA application and lasted for up to 4 days. In contrast, no detectable antiviral response was triggered by the dsRNA from a begomovirus genome, suggesting the method is not effective against phloem-limited DNA viruses. Deep sequencing was performed to analyze the biogenesis of siRNA populations. Although long-dsRNA remained in the treated leaves for at least 10 days, its systemic movement was not observed. Conversely, dsRNA-derived siRNA populations (mainly 21- and 22-nt) were detected in non-treated leaves, which indicates endogenous processing and transport through the plant. Altogether, this study provides critical information for the development of novel tools against plant viruses; strengths and limitations inherent to the systems are discussed.
Measuring spontaneous and automatic processing of magnitude and parity information of Arabic digits by frequency-tagging EEG
Authors: Guillaume Mathieu , Poncin Alexandre , Schiltz Christine , Van Rinsveld Amandine
Published: December 2020

Arabic digits (1–9) are everywhere in our daily lives. These symbols convey various semantic information, and numerate adults can easily extract from them several numerical features such as magnitude and parity. Nonetheless, since most studies used active processing tasks to assess these properties, it remains unclear whether and to what degree the access to magnitude and especially to parity is automatic. Here we investigated with EEG whether spontaneous processing of magnitude or parity can be recorded in a frequency-tagging approach, in which participants are passively stimulated by fast visual sequences of Arabic digits. We assessed automatic magnitude processing by presenting a stream of frequent small digit numbers mixed with deviant large digits (and the reverse) with a sinusoidal contrast modulation at the frequency of 10 Hz. We used the same paradigm to investigate numerical parity processing, contrasting odd digits to even digits. We found significant brain responses at the frequency of the fluctuating change and its harmonics, recorded on electrodes encompassing right occipitoparietal regions, in both conditions. Our findings indicate that both magnitude and parity are spontaneously and unintentionally extracted from Arabic digits, which supports that they are salient semantic features deeply associated to digit symbols in long-term memory.
Non-aqueous green solvents improve alpha-amylase induced fiber opening in leather processing
Authors: Ramamoorthi Poornima , Rathinam Aravindhan , Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao , Palanisamy Thanikaivelan
Published: December 2020

Severe water deficit and highly polluting effluent generation from leather industries have constantly been pressurizing the tanners to adopt cleaner leather processing systems. The present study aims to minimize the use of water by substituting it with non-aqueous green solvents and also to enhance the enzyme action in alpha-amylase based fiber opening process. The activity of alpha-amylase in select non-aqueous green solvents namely, heptane, polyethylene glycol 200 and propylene glycol is considerably higher by 62, 38 and 31% than in water, respectively. Comparable results are obtained for the catalytic efficiency of alpha-amylase and hence it is further validated in collagen fiber opening trials as well. Scanning electron micrographs, histological images and proteoglycan estimation supported the above findings at 1% alpha-amylase dosage. The final quality of the experimental leathers in terms of physical and bulk properties is comparable to that of control leathers. Recycling studies indicate that it is possible to replace water with green solvents for enzymatic fiber opening with the feasibility to recover more than 85% solvent-enzyme mixture and reuse without any additional alpha-amylase usage. Reduction in pollution load coupled with the efficient catalytic action of enzyme in non-aqueous media favors the present protocol for industrial applications.
Metagenomic characterisation of additional and novel avian viruses from Australian wild ducks
Authors: Vibin Jessy , Chamings Anthony , Klaassen Marcel , Alexandersen Soren
Published: December 2020

Birds, notably wild ducks, are reservoirs of pathogenic and zoonotic viruses such as influenza viruses and coronaviruses. In the current study, we used metagenomics to detect and characterise avian DNA and RNA viruses from wild Pacific black ducks, Chestnut teals and Grey teals collected at different time points from a single location. We characterised a likely new species of duck aviadenovirus and a novel duck gyrovirus. We also report what, to the best of our knowledge, is the first finding of an avian orthoreovirus from Pacific black ducks and a rotavirus F from Chestnut teals. Other viruses characterised from the samples from these wild ducks belong to the virus families Astroviridae, Caliciviridae and Coronaviridae. Some of the viruses may have potential cross-species transmissibility, while others indicated a wide genetic diversity of duck viruses within a genus. The study also showed evidence of potential transmission of viruses along the East Asian—Australasian Flyway; potentially facilitated by migrating shorebirds. The detection and characterisation of several avian viruses not previously described, and causing asymptomatic but potentially also symptomatic infections suggest the need for more virus surveillance studies for pathogenic and potential zoonotic viruses in wildlife reservoirs.
Bimetallic PtIr nanoalloy on TiO2-based solid solution oxide with enhanced oxygen reduction and ethanol electro-oxidation performance in direct ethanol fuel cells
Authors: Huynh Tai Thien , Dang Nam Nguyen , Pham Hau Quoc
Published: December 2020

Elevating the electrocatalytic performance of both cathode and anode catalysts is critical to the advancement and widespread utilization of low-temperature fuel cells.
Fiber-based thermoelectrics for solid, portable, and wearable electronics
Authors: Shi Xiao-Lei , Chen Wen-Yi , Zhang Ting , Zou Jin , Chen Zhi-Gang
Published: December 2020

This review comprehensively summarizes the recent progress of fiber-based thermoelectric materials and devices for solid, portable, and wearable electronics.
Soft actuators by electrochemical oxidation of liquid metal surfaces
Authors: Liao Jiahe , Majidi Carmel
Published: December 2020

A muscle-inspired soft actuator is constructed from a liquid metal bridge, whose force and shape are controllable by electrochemical tuning of the surface energy using low voltages.
A high-pressure artificial photosynthetic device: pumping carbon dioxide as well as achieving selectivity
Authors: Deng Kai , Feng Hao , Liu Dong , Chen Longfei , Zhang Ying , Li Qiang
Published: December 2020

By leveraging a distinct operational strategy, a high-pressure artificial-photosynthetic device achieved CO2R selectivity over 80% and solar-to-chemical efficiency exceeding 0.9%.
Joint low‐complexity equalisation and CFO compensation for DCT–OFDM communication systems based on SIC
Authors: Ramadan Khaled , Dessouky Moawad I. , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E.
Published: December 2020

In wireless radio communication systems, equalisation is one of the most important algorithms to improve the bit‐error‐rate performance. The linear zero‐forcing equalisers suffer from noise enhancement. The linear minimum mean square error equalisers suffer from large complexity and require the estimation of the signal‐to‐noise ratio to work properly. In this study, the authors propose a joint low‐complexity regularised zero‐forcing equaliser with successive interference cancellation (JLRZF–SIC) based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The proposed JLRZF–SIC scheme jointly performs the equalisation and carrier frequency offset (CFO) compensation with lower‐complexity using the banded‐matrix approximation concept. Simulation results show the important role of the proposed JLRZF–SIC scheme is to improve the system performance compared to the other equalisation schemes.
Possibility of concentration of nonvolatile species near the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Suzuki T. , Shinnaka Y. , Majumdar L. , Shibata T. , Shibaike Y. , Nomura H. , Minamoto H.
Published: December 2020

Context. Cometary materials are thought to be the reservoir of the primitive materials of the Solar System. The recent detection of glycine and CH3NH2 by the ROSINA mass spectrometer in the coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko suggests that amino acids and their precursors may have formed in an early evolutionary phase of the Solar System.

Aims. We aim to investigate the evolution of the interior of comets considering the evaporation process of water followed by the concentration of nonvolatile species.

Methods. We developed a Simplified Cometary Concentration Model (SCCM) to simulate the evaporation and concentration processes on the cometary surface. We use 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as the benchmark of the SCCM. We investigated the depth of the layer where nonvolatile species concentrate after the numerous passages of perihelion after the formation of the Solar System.

Results. We find that the SCCM explains the observed production rates of water and CH3NH2 at 100 comet years. Results from the SCCM suggest that the nonvolatile species would concentrate in the top 100 cm of the comet surface within 10 comet years. Our results also suggest that the nonvolatile species would concentrate several meters beneath the surface before it hit the early Earth. This specific mass of nonvolatile species may provide unique chemical conditions for the volcanic hot spring pools.
Determination of species boundaries of Selais fish from Arut River, Central Kalimantan based on 16S mitochondrial gene using Bayesian approach
Authors: Arisuryanti Tuty , Ulin Nikmah Bella , Kasayev Tomi , Hakim Lukman
Published: December 2020

Selais fish is difficult to discriminate with other Silurid fish species based on morphological characters. As a result, the valid species of selais fish is uncertain. Therefore, a molecular phylogenetic study was needed to clarify species boundaries and to addresses genetic relationships of the selais fish. In this study,16Smitochondrial gene of ten selais samples collected from Arut River (Central Kalimantan) were sequenced, from which a Bayesian trees was generated. Result revealed monophyletic of selais fish which is revealed as a single species. The Bayesian inference showed that the selais fish clade is distinguished with two other genus,KryptopterusandOmpok, by its sequence differences. This finding can address species boundaries of selais fish using Bayesian approach, but the name of the selais species has not been clarified.
HtrA1 serine protease expression levels on age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients in Yogyakarta
Authors: Supanji Supanji , Bahana Ilham Perdamaian Ayudha , Dianratri Anindita , Syifarahmah Anditta , Wahyu Widayanti Tri , Setya Wardhana Firman , Bayu Sasongko Muhammad , Eko Prayogo Mohammad , Nurini Agni Angela , Oka Chio
Published: December 2020

This research aims to investigate the HtrA1 serine protease circulating level of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) patients in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study was conducted from January to August 2019 which included 38 AMD patients and 16 Non-AMD patients/controls (two groups). Baseline data and blood sample were collected. ELISA assay was used to measure the HtrA1 serine protease circulating level on both groups. SNP genotyping of rs10490924 was using restriction enzyme digestion. This study used The IBM SPSS® version 24 (Chicago, The USA) to determine the relationship between HtrA1 expression level and AMD incidence. AMD patients had higher HtrA1 serine protease level (35.31) than controls (30.08). However, there is no association found between HtrA1 serine protease level and AMD incidence (p-value>0.05, CI 95 %). However, HtrA1 serine protease did not associate positively to AMD incidence in Yogyakarta samples. Further analysis by grouping AMD patient based on the rs10490924 genotype show no statistical correlation between HTRA1 to the incidence of AMD. This result might be due to the lack of samples in the study groups. Future studies with larger number of samples are advised to better see the association between Htra1 serine protease level and AMD incidence.
Characterization and growth profile of proteolytic strain PK-4 isolated from local slaughterhouse wastewater
Authors: Agus Fitriyanto Nanung , Hadi Samsul , Imam Bahtiyar Muhammad , Adi Prasetyo Ragil , Erwanto Yuny
Published: December 2020

This study aims to characterize and to determine the growth profile of the proteolytic bacteria isolated from Giwangan slaughterhouse wastewater in Yogyakarta City, and to observe the optimum temperature as well as the pH condition for growing in the nutrient medium. Isolation of bacteria from slaughterhouse wastewater was done with a sample from 4 different locations. The isolates were then grown on a medium with a skim (at 0;0.5;1%;1.5 and 2%) and pH condition (at 7;8;9;10 and 11). The bacterial growth profile was measured based on the number of cells (CFU/mL), the size of the bacterial colony diameter, the diameter of the clear zone, and the proteolytic index. Strain PK4 was proved to have proteolytic activity. The characterization of Strain PK4 has shown for colony morphology with a circle shape, white color, flat edges, and convex elevation. The cell morphology was a cocci-shaped, red color, Gram-negative, and having a catalase-positive. The bacterial colony diameter, halo diameter, and proteolytic index were increased significantly (P<0.05) with the increase of skim milk addition. The optimal growth at the medium has reached by the addition of 1–2 % Skim and pH alkaline (>7). It could be concluded that Strain PK4 was classified as alkalophilic and had the potency as alkaline protease producing bacteria.
Comparison of chemical properties, glycemic index, and glycemic load, between arrowroot (Maranta arundinaceae) cookies containing glucomannan extract with palm sugar addition
Authors: Baskara Gama Dewa , Harmayani Eni , Arsanti Lestari Lily , Huriyati Emy
Published: December 2020

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a degenerative disease mainly caused by high carbohydrate and high glycemic index (GI) diet. Meanwhile, Indonesia has large source of low GI food, such as arrowroot, porang tuber, and palm sugar that has not developed well. Cookie, as a well-known snack in Indonesia, will be made from the combination of arrowroot flour, porang glucomannan extract, and palm sugar is expected could be an alternative snack for diabetic people. The aim of research is to investigate the difference of chemical properties (proximate, total starch, total dietary fiber, total sugar, and resistant starch), GI, and glycemic load (GL) between arrowroot cookies containing glucomannan extract with palm sugar and cane sugar addition. The research was conducted using analytical observation method with cross-sectional design. Chemical properties will be compared using unpaired t-test. GI of cookies with palm sugar is 19.6, while GI of cookies with cane sugar is 25.6. GL of cookies with palm sugar is 13.71, while GL of cookies with cane sugar is 17.6. There is no significant difference in chemical properties, except in total dietary fiber (p<0.05). Both cookies classified into low GI and moderate GL food.
Optimization of combined production of electricity and hydrogen at nuclear power plants using a neural network
Authors: Lopyrev Ilia , Golubev Vadim , Voznesenskaya Daria , Verbnikova Victoria , Novikova Olga
Published: December 2020

This article discusses a project with a basis on implementation of combined production of electricity and hydrogen based on a HTGR reactor in the Primorsky Krai of Russia. One of the major advantages of the fourth-generation reactors of the HTGR type is, that water vapor reaches 800 degrees Celsius, which allows not only to efficiently transfer thermal energy to external circuits, but also to use it in the production of hydrogen using the steam reforming of methane [1]. The results of the research were composed mainly of two fully-calculated investment projects, which showed an significant increase in the economic efficiency of combined production of electricity and hydrogen when included in the neural network planning system. Moreover, further technological advancement in developing this method of forecasting could prove highly beneficial in implementing a higher percentage of renewable energy sourced power plants into energy industry[2].
Influence of temperature and time factor on process of spraying of metallic powders in a plasma atomizer
Authors: Ermakov Sergey , Gyulikhandanov Evgeny , Petukhov Evgeny
Published: December 2020

The development of additive technologies is hampered by the almost complete absence of domestic systems for the production of metal powders. A prototype installation of a plasma atomizer was developed and manufactured, which makes it possible to obtain low-tonnage batches of metal powders of various chemical compositions. However, when the technology was transferred from the laboratory to production, a number of additional issues arose associated with a decrease in the quality of commercial products as the time of continuous spraying increases. It was found that the reason for this is the formation of powder deposits on the walls of the spray chamber and the increase in its temperature. Using the method of mathematical modelling, the maximum permissible temperature of the walls of the spraying chamber was determined, ways of stabilizing the quality of the powder during industrial production were shown.
Assessment of development effectiveness of solar energy in Russia
Authors: Bataev Aleksey , Potyarkin Vitaly , Glushkova Antonina , Samorukov Dmitry
Published: December 2020

Non-renewable fossils are the main source of energy in modern conditions. This method of production and consumption of energy acts as one of the main anthropogenic factors that negatively impact the environment. Besides, limited energy reserves do not guarantee the sustainable development of world energy in the long term. The way out of this situation is using renewable energy sources (RES). Renewable energy sources are one of the promising and innovative areas of energy development. These energy sources allow moving to a new high-quality level of power supply and heat supply of the country and significantly improving the ecological state of settlements. The Russian Federation has all conditions for the implementation of such innovative projects aimed at using renewable energy sources. One of such promising projects is solar energy. The perspective of using solar energy is an almost inexhaustible resource, available everywhere, and also has another advantage high environmental safety. Besides, solar energy is characterized by low indicators in terms of capital and operating costs, a lower cost of electricity compared to traditional energy as well. In this study, the perspectives for the development of solar energy in the Russian Federation are identified. The existing solar capacities in Russia are analyzed, the main developments of solar energy in the country are determined. A model for assessing the economic efficiency of floating power plants is proposed in this paper. These plants make it possible to provide electricity to entire settlements. Having been the study, conclusions are drawn about the prospects of using such power plants as sources of cheap energy and environmental compatibility.
Numerical Simulation of Plasma Spraying Performance Index
Authors: Frolov Vasiliy , Klochkov Yury
Published: December 2020

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in plasma jet numerical simulation. Speed and temperature propagation in axial and radial direction in plasma jet significantly influences on speed and temperature of sprayed material and therefore on coating quality. However, there are few studies concerning plasma jet numerical simulation in modern software systems and they describe a specific problem. It is a wellknown fact that using simple structural components such as plasmatron heads for plasma thermal spraying allows us to increase the quality of zirconium oxide coatings by increasing the speed of spraying particles and decreasing their spread value and allows to increase economic efficiency of the process by increasing the operation factor of spraying material. However, scientists have not studied well the influence of the plasmatron head, which looks like a cone element, and the simulation of a high temperature flow along the channel is not mentioned in publications. Therefore, it is necessary to research the flow of a high temperature current along the channel of the head.
Natural Vibration Frequency Definition Of Turbine Blades
Authors: Malkin Evgeny
Published: December 2020

A turbine compressor package is used for pipeline gas transmission. When operating, compressor turbine blades develop vibration, which increases the number of dynamic stress cycles and results in the blade failure. The present study aims to determine the frequency of natural blade vibration and to consider it in the context of the blade repair process. In the first stage of the study, an oscillating contour is developed to generate standing oscillation wave which characteristics are used as experimental data. To process those data, a mathematical model is developed to calculate the blade resonant frequency. Finally, the boundaries of the assured quality area are determined. Blade operation capacity analysis method will allow us to reduce the number of environmentally dangerous experiments.
Characterization of activation induced [18]F-FDG uptake in Dendritic Cells
Authors: Pektor Stefanie , Lawaczeck Laura , Tenzer Stephan , Bausbacher Nicole , Hoffmann Manuela Andrea , Schreckenberger Mathias , Miederer Matthias
Published: December 2020

Aim Activation of immune cells leads to enhanced glucose uptake that can be visualized by [18]F-Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18]F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Dendritic cells (DC) are essential for the function of the adaptive immune system. In contrast to other immune cells metabolic changes leading to an increase of [18]F-FDG uptake are poorly investigated. Here, we analysed the impact of different DC activation pathways on their [18]F-FDG uptake. This effect was then used to radiolabel DC with [18]F-FDG and track their migration in vivo.

Methods DC were generated from bone marrow progenitors (BMDC) or isolated from spleens (SPDC) of C57BL/6 mice. After stimulation with the TLR ligands LPS and CpG or anti-CD40 antibody for up to 72 hours activation markers and glucose transporters (GLUTs) were measured by flow cytometry. Uptake of [18]F-FDG was measured by gamma-counting. DC lysates were analysed for expression of glycolysis relevant proteins by mass spectrometry (MS). [18]F-FDG-labeled DC were injected into footpads of mice to image DC migration.

Results BMDC and SPDC showed strong upregulation of activation markers predominantly 24 hours after TLR stimulation followed by higher uptake of [18]F-FDG. In line with this, the expression of GLUTs was upregulated during the course of activation. Furthermore, MS analyses of DC lysates revealed differential regulation of glycolysis relevant proteins according to the stimulatory pathway. As a proof of principle, DC were labeled with [18]F-FDG upon activation to follow their migration in vivo via PET/MRI.

Conclusion Immune stimulation of DC leads to enhanced [18]F-FDG uptake into DC, representing the typical shift to aerobic glycolysis in immune cells after activation.
Nachweis von relevanten Veränderungen der Sprechstimme bei Frauen, gemessen im Sprechstimmprofil
Authors: Berger Thomas , Meuret Sylvia , Engel Christoph , Vogel Mandy , Kiess Wieland , Fuchs Michael , Poulain Tanja
Published: December 2020

Hintergrund Eine gesunde Stimme dient uns als Basis für Kommunikation und unverzichtbares Werkzeug in einer modernen Gesellschaft mit einer wachsenden Anzahl an stimmintensiven Berufen. Es gibt Hinweise, dass sich die mittlere Sprechstimmlage von Frauen in den letzten Jahren gesenkt hat und sich im Sinne einer Soziophonie der von Männern annähert. Im Rahmen einer epidemiologischen prospektiven Kohortenstudie sollen die Einflüsse des Alters, soziodemografischer Faktoren und von Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen auf die Sprechstimme von Frauen untersucht werden.

Material und Methoden Im Rahmen eines standardisierten Untersuchungsablaufs wurde bei 2478 stimmgesunden weiblichen Teilnehmerinnen zwischen 5 und 83 Jahren die Sprechstimme in 4 unterschiedlichen Intensitätsstufen (leiseste Stimme, Gesprächsstimme, Vortragsstimme und Rufstimme) registriert. Anschließend wurden Assoziationen zwischen den erhobenen Werten für die Frequenz und Lautstärke der unterschiedlichen Intensitätsstufen und dem Lebensalter sowie Befunden aus Fragebögen zur Persönlichkeit (FFFK und BFI-10), zur (mentalen) Gesundheit (Patient-Health-Questionnaire, PHQ) sowie dem sozioökonomischen Status (SES) untersucht.

Ergebnisse Es konnten für alle Stimmintensitäten signifikante altersbedingte Einflüsse auf die Sprechstimme gezeigt werden. Für die untersuchten Persönlichkeitsmerkmale zeigten sich signifikant positive Zusammenhänge zwischen der Lautstärke der Ruf- und Vortragsstimme und Extraversion. Für die Frequenz der leisesten Stimme und Gesprächsstimme ergaben sich signifikante Zusammenhänge mit den Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen Extraversion und Verträglichkeit. Während sich bei der Betrachtung der Stimmparameter der Sprechstimme mit dem PHQ keine signifikanten Assoziationen beobachten ließen, zeigte sich, dass der SES einen signifikanten Einfluss sowohl auf die Frequenz als auch auf die Intensität hat.

Schlussfolgerung Neben altersbedingten Veränderungen bestätigen sich relevante Einflüsse von Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen und dem SES auf Parameter der Sprechstimme der Frau, die in der klinischen Betreuung von Patientinnen mit Stimmstörungen Berücksichtigung finden sollten.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice regarding Anaphylaxis among Pediatric Health Care Providers in a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Patnaik Sibabratta , Krishna Samarth , Jain Mukesh Kumar
Published: December 2020

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life threatening generalized or systemic hypersensitivity reaction which requires prompt, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate management. The objective of the study is to assess the extent of knowledge, management skills, and attitude on anaphylaxis among pediatric health care providers of a tertiary care teaching hospital. This was a cross-sectional study done in the department of pediatrics, which included faculty, residents, interns, and nurses. The knowledge, attitude, and practice were assessed using a standardized questionnaire comprised of 35 questions. The questionnaire was distributed and collected in person to all the participants. Informed consent was obtained from all participants and confidentiality was ensured at all stages. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The mean of total knowledge score (TKS) was 7.36 ± 1.42. TKS of faculty was 8.36 ± 1.15, in residents 7.81 ± 1.25, in interns 7.46 ± 1.15, and in nurses 6.69 ± 1.57. Knowledge scores of faculty, residents, and interns were significantly higher than that of nurses while there was no significant difference between faculty, residents, and interns. The majority of participants have positive attitude toward anaphylaxis. Incorrect practice is followed by most of the participants. The extent of knowledge about anaphylaxis among pediatric health care providers is moderate but management skills remains suboptimal. Thus, proper training, through continued medical educations and programs to improve abilities to recognize and manage anaphylaxis are very crucial. Differential approach may be followed to different groups; nurses need extra training for optimal management of anaphylaxis.
Circadian activity of the swamp rat (Rattus lutreolus) in South Central Victoria
Authors: Coates T. D.
Published: December 2020

The swamp rat (Rattus lutreolus) is one of the few Australian terrestrial mammals that is commonly active between dawn and dusk. The species has typically been considered cathemeral (active throughout the diel cycle) with variation in circadian activity dependant on proximate factors such as the risk of predation or competition with closely related taxa. Data from camera trapping over 8 years and across 79 sites in South Central Victoria confirmed the species was effectively diurnal throughout the region and that night activity was relatively uncommon. Activity generally tracked daily temperature cycles; lowest in the period prior to dawn and highest in the middle of the afternoon and is consistent with an energy conservation strategy linked to the species’ unusual diet. Other rodent taxa, including two widespread exotic species were strictly nocturnal yet there was little evidence to suggest that R. lutreolus activity was influenced by the presence or absence of other murids or the risk of predation.
Breeding of The Long-Footed Potoroo, Potorous longipes (Marsupialia: Potoroidae), In the Wild: Behaviour, Births and Juvenile Independence.
Authors: Green K. , Mitchell A.T.
Published: December 2020

All trapping data for the long-footed potoroo, Potorous longipes, since its discovery in 1978 were examined for measurements of pouch young. From these data the birth-dates of 51 individuals were estimated. For sites in both East Gippsland and on the Great Dividing Range there was a strong peak of births in the July-September quarter. The data showed a significant bias in birth dates at both sites which was not accounted for by differences in trappability of females. For East Gippsland the ratio of sexes in pouch young was 3.5:1 in favour of males. This was a significant deviation from parity. For two sites on the Great Dividing Range nine of 13 pouch young were female.
Platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, Movement Data from The Duckmaloi Weir Pool: Poisson Regression Models.
Authors: Ellem B.A. , Mcleod A.
Published: December 2020

McLeod (1993) monitored the movement of platypuses (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) using telemetric devices, recording the number of times animals were found in predetermined grid positions in a pool impounded behind the Duckmaloi Weir near Oberon, New South Wales, and the number of times they were discovered in numerous burrows on the periphery of the weir pool. The aim of this program was to identify the predictive variables that accounted for platypus movement from among those measured such as water depth, and from among known factors such as age. A Poisson regression model is described together with the results for these data. The potential benefits of Poisson regression models for these data over log transformation models, such as handling zeros and catering for overdispersion, are expounded. The analyses indicate that the use of areas of the weir pool were related to water depth, with there being greater use of shallow depths in the channel than in other locations in the pool. There was also differential usage of burrows in the banks of the pool related to different degrees of foliage density from one side of the weir pool to the other.
Integration of Electrosensory and Mechanosensory Information from the Platypus Bill.
Authors: Pettigrew J.D. , Manger P. , Calford M.
Published: December 2020

A multidisciplinary study of the role of electroreception in the platypus has revealed new details and principles that help us to understand the constraints that operate on feeding under natural conditions. Behavioural studies of a 40 msec reflex head movement to brief electrical stimuli reveal that the whole platypus is much more sensitive to electrical stimuli in the ambient water (50mV/cm threshold) than are individual electroreceptors (2 mV/cm threshold); and that the bill is directional, with an 'electrical axis' that points laterally and downwards, in keeping with the parasagittal alignment of the bands of mucous electroreceptors. Electrophysiological and neuroanatomical studies of the bill representation in S I cortex reveal an elaborate stripe-like organisation, resembling the primate visual cortex, with alternating 0.8 mm bands of combined mechanosensory/electrosensory and mechanosensory processing. As well as providing a map of electric field intensity that could help explain directionality of electroreception, this elaborate organisation could also enable the precise localisation of distant prey by analysing the relation between the activation of push-rod mechanoreceptors sensitive to pressure waves and the instantaneous electroreceptors. While helping to illuminate natural feeding behaviour, our observations are also relevant to conservation issues, such as the limited range of the platypus in the Western drainage that may be understood in terms of the need for higher electrical impedance of ambient water if distant mobile prey are to be successfully detected using electroreception.
Biology of The Southern Brown Bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus) In South-Eastern Tasmania. I. Diet.
Authors: Mallick S.A. , Driessen M.M. , Hocking G.J.
Published: December 2020

The diet of the southern brown bandicoot, lsoodon obesulus, was investigated in south-eastern Tasmania using faecal analysis. Isoodon obesulus consumed a range of invertebrate taxa, including Lumbricid earthworms, isopods, lepidopteran larvae, coleopteran adults and larvae, crickets (Gryllidae) and spiders. Plant material (including monocotyledon, dicotyledon and fern) regularly appeared in faecal samples. Seeds were important during the summer months, while spores from hypogeous fungi featured in the diet year-round. We assessed the opportunism of I. obesulus by comparing diet items in the faeces with items recorded in pitfall traps. Isoodon obesulus utilised crickets and seeds in summer when these items became more abundant. However. there was no evidence of any other items being consumed in proportion to their availability.
Seasonal Activity Patterns of Two Species of Nyctophilus Bats Based on Mist-Net Captures.
Authors: Brigham R.M. , Geiser F.
Published: December 2020

We evaluated the annual activity cycle of Nytophilus gouldi and N. geoffroyi using 82 nights of mist-netting data from a site near Armidale in northern NSW. Our purpose was to assess whether these bats hibernated or used short bouts of daily torpor combined with foraging on at least some nights. During the cold months of the year (May - August) bat activity levels inferred from net captures was very low providing support for the hypothesis that these bats use daily torpor and at least sometimes actively forage as opposed to entering hibernation.
Sex Determination of The Whiptail Wallaby, Macropus parryi, Using Adult Skulls.
Authors: Johnson P.M. , Delean J.S.C.
Published: December 2020

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Observations on the Diets of the Long-Tailed Mouse, Pseudomys higginsi, and the Velvet-furred Rat, Rattus lutreolus velutinus, in Southern Tasmania.
Authors: Driessen M.M.
Published: December 2020

Diets of two sympatric murids, Pseudomys higginsi and Rattus lutreolus were studied by faecal analysis during spring and summer in wet sclerophyll forest and sub-alpine woodland on Mount Wellington, Tasmania. Both species were omnivorous but their overall diet differed with Pseudomys higginsi consuming a broader range of food items than Rattus lutreolus. P. higginsi diet tended to reflect the difference in food availability between locations and between seasons. Main items in the diet of P. higginsi at both locations were fruits, monocotyledons (mostly grasses), mosses, fungi and invertebrates. Proportions of fruits and mosses in the diet differed between locations. Mosses and ferns were most common in the diet during spring whereas monocotyledons and some dicotyledons were more common during summer. R. lutreolus diet showed little variation between locations and seasons. Main items in the diet of R. lutreolus were monocotyledons (sedges and grasses), fungi and invertebrates. The importance of mosses and fungi as dietary items are discussed. The results of this study support a developing view of resource partitioning between sympatric Rattus and Pseudomys populations in Tasmania and New South Wales.
Book review: Marsupial Nutrition by Ian D. Hume
Authors: McArthur C.
Published: December 2020

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Power and gender
Authors: Li Ke , Zhu Huichao
Published: December 2020

This study investigates metaphors used in mergers and acquisitions texts in a Chinese financial newspaper,The 21st Century Business Herald. Based on corpus data, we approach the rhetorical motive and persuasive power hidden behind metaphors from the perspective of rhetorical criticism. The study found four major metaphors:war, marriage, struggle and hunting, andgame, in the financial texts about mergers and acquisitions. Thewarmetaphor is the most common variety, followed by themarriagemetaphor, suggesting the role of power perception and gender perception in the representation of financial affairs.
Writing development during study abroad
Authors: Strobl Carola , Baten Kristof
Published: December 2020

Previous research on the benefits of study abroad (SA) has mainly focused on oral communication skills and L2 English,
while written communication and other foreign languages have received far less attention. This study addresses this gap by investigating
writing development in L2 German. It also aims to further the discussion about methods to assess writing development by combining different
types of data. The writing gains of 30 Belgian students in L2 German were investigated after one semester abroad. Pre- and post-SA writing
samples were analysed using linguistic and task-related assessment criteria. The results are triangulated with data about self-perceived
language gains, on the one hand, and self-reported language contact and social networks during SA, on the other. The results indicate a
correlation between self-report writing gains, language contact, and social networks.
Cherry flowering, fruiting and cultivars.
Authors: Long Lynn E. , Lang Gregory A. , Kaiser Clive
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the flowering and fruiting habit, cultivar pollen compatibility, pollination and fertilization of cherries. The major sweet cherry cultivars and their characteristics are described, including their key attributes for fresh markets.
Sweet cherry rootstocks.
Authors: Long Lynn E. , Lang Gregory A. , Kaiser Clive
Published: December 2020

All commercial sweet cherry trees are either budded or grafted. This chapter deals with sweet cherry rootstocks. Rootstocks are used for several purposes: (i) ease for propagating and producing more trees of a superior cultivar; (ii) better adaptation to particular soil or site characteristics; and (iii) the potential improvement of production due to additional traits like precocious flowering, higher productivity, and greater or reduced scion vigor as appropriate. Unfortunately, no one rootstock can satisfy all the requirements for consistently producing high yields of large, firm fruit of premium quality. Growers are advised to consider carefully the effects of each specific scion-rootstock combination as a function of environmental and cultural practices when replanting an orchard. Selecting the proper rootstock depends not only on the management skills of the grower, but also on the scion cultivar, training system, and site climate and soil selected for the orchard. Dwarfing, semi-dwarfing and even semi-vigorous rootstocks have major economic advantages over full-size rootstocks. The development of these new, precocious rootstocks has been almost as significant to the sweet cherry industry as to the apple industry several decades ago. When compared to Mazzard, Colt and even Mahaleb, size-controlling rootstocks have allowed sweet cherry growers an opportunity to plant high density, pedestrian orchards that become profitable more quickly, are more readily protected with orchard covering systems, and promote greater labor efficiency, easier management, and a safer and more productive work environment.
Sweet cherry training systems.
Authors: Long Lynn E. , Lang Gregory A. , Kaiser Clive
Published: December 2020

Training systems should be considered to be dynamic and continuously developing, as every grower and orchard site is different, with inherent traits that lead to subtle modifications of initial ideas and training concepts that can significantly affect their ultimate degree of success. This chapter will address more than a dozen potential sweet cherry canopy training systems. It provides a discussion of some of the key cherry training techniques and concepts, and particular benefits and limitations, to help growers determine how they might adopt or mix-and-match training systems for their goals, cultivars, rootstocks, orchard sites and labor situations.
Managing the orchard environment.
Authors: Long Lynn E. , Lang Gregory A. , Kaiser Clive
Published: December 2020

This chapter focuses on the importance of managing the orchard environment for a sustainable sweet cherry production, i.e. fertilizer application, irrigation and crop-weed competition, among others. The influence of some climate-related environmental factors on sweet cherry production are also discussed.
Managing orchard pathogens and disorders.
Authors: Long Lynn E. , Lang Gregory A. , Kaiser Clive
Published: December 2020

This chapter provides information on the various pathogens causing damage to cherry production, such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Podosphaera clandestina, Chondrostereum purpureum and Little cherry virus 1 and 2, among others. Details on their symptoms, transmission and disease cycle are discussed and the efficacy of various methods in their management are pointed out.
Study of novel, thermally resistant Mg alloy with dual-phase
Authors: Tang Yan , Nong Zhisheng , Wu Baolin , Xu Rongzheng
Published: December 2020

A novel, thermally resistant, dual-phase Mg alloy was prepared, and the microstructural evolution and tensile properties were investigated. The results showed that the Mg alloy matrix mainly consisted of the α-Mg and β-Li phases, and the solidified microstructure was gradually refined with increasing ZrO2 incorporation. The tensile properties of the extruded and annealed alloys were markedly improved with increasing ZrO2 content. After annealing at 603 K for 8 h, the alloy strength remained almost stable, whereas the plasticity increased. Analysis of the evolution of the properties and fracture morphology showed that this type of Mg alloy possessed good thermal resistance and formability.
Implementation and Evaluation of a Novel, Unofficial, Trainee-Organized Hospital Addiction Medicine Consultation Service
Authors: Brothers Thomas D. , Fraser John , MacAdam Emily , Morgan Brendan , Francheville Jordan , Nidumolu Aditya , Cheung Christopher , Hickcox Samuel , Saunders David , O'Donnell Tiffany , Genge Leah , Webster Duncan
Published: December 2020

Background

To evaluate a novel, unofficial, trainee-organized, hospital addiction medicine consultation service (AMCS), we aimed to assess whether it was (1) acceptable to hospital providers and patients, (2) feasible to organize and deliver, and (3) impacted patient care.

Methods

We performed a retrospective descriptive study of all AMCS consultations over the first 16 months. We determined acceptability via the number of referrals received from admitting services, and the proportion of referred patients who consented to consultation. We evaluated feasibility via continuation/growth of the service over time, and the proportion of referrals successfully completed before hospital discharge. As most referrals related to opioid use disorder, we determined impact through the proportion of eligible patients offered and initiated on opioid agonist therapy (OAT) in hospital, and the proportion of patients who filled their outpatient prescription or attended their first visit with their outpatient OAT prescriber.

Results

The unofficial AMCS grew to involve six hospital-based residents and five supervising community-based addiction physicians. The service received 59 referrals, primarily related to injection opioid use, for 50 unique patients from 12 different admitting services. 90% of patients were seen before discharge, and 98% agreed to addiction medicine consultation. Among 34 patients with active moderate-severe opioid use disorder who were not already on OAT, 82% initiated OAT in hospital and 89% of these patients continued after discharge.

Conclusions

Established in response to identified gaps in patient care and learning opportunities, a novel, unofficial, trainee-organized AMCS was acceptable, feasible, and positively impacted patient care over the first 16 months. This trainee-organized, unofficial AMCS could be used as a model for other hospitals that do not yet have an official AMCS.