bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Was sagt das Return to Work ein Jahr nach Ende einer beruflichen Bildungsleistung über die längerfristige berufliche Teilhabe aus?
Authors: Hetzel Christian , Streibelt Marco
Published: June 2018

Ziel der Studie Berufliche Bildungsleistungen sind lange und teure Rehabilitationsleistungen. Fraglich ist, ob der Status der Erwerbstätigkeit 12 Monate nach der Leistung (RTW) ein Proxy für das längerfristige Erwerbseinkommen ist.

Methodik Auf Basis des Scientific-Use-File SUFRSDLV09B der Deutschen Rentenversicherung wurde mittels Fixed-Effects-Regressionen der Effekt von beruflichen Bildungsleistungen auf das jahresdurchschnittliche Tageseinkommen für jedes der 3 Jahre danach ermittelt. Dies erfolgte jeweils in Bezug auf das Ausgangsniveau vor der Leistung und in Abhängigkeit vom RTW.

Ergebnisse Im Durchschnitt werden Einkommensverluste von etwa 20 € pro Tag abgebildet. Vorher erwerbstätige Personen müssen Einkommensverluste von bis zu 50 € pro Tag hinnehmen. Vorher erwerbslose Personen können dagegen Einkommensgewinne von bis zu 30 € pro Tag erzielen. Die Einkommensentwicklung unterscheidet sich deutlich in Abhängigkeit vom RTW: Es werden je nach Teilgruppe Effektstärken von d=0,52 bis 1,33 ausgewiesen.

Schlussfolgerung RTW ist ein gutes Proxy für die längerfristige Einkommensentwicklung nach beruflichen Bildungsleistungen und als Indikator für die Ergebnisqualität zu empfehlen.
Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben – Rehabilitanden der Bundesagentur für Arbeit und der Deutschen Rentenversicherung im Vergleich
Authors: Nivorozhkin Anton , Reims Nancy , Zollmann Pia , Bethge Matthias
Published: June 2018

Ziel der Studie Die Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) und die Deutsche Rentenversicherung (DRV) sind die größten Träger von Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben (LTA). Strukturmerkmale der Geförderten und die Inanspruchnahme von LTA werden vergleichend dargestellt sowie kurzfristige Entwicklungen abgebildet.

Methodik Die Prozessdatensätze der BA und DRV wurden so aufbereitet, dass sie möglichst vergleichbar waren. Eingeschlossen wurden Personen mit anerkanntem Reha-Status bzw. bewilligter LTA, die zwischen 2011 und 2015 ein Reha-Verfahren beendeten.

Ergebnisse Sowohl bei der BA als auch der DRV hat die Inanspruchnahme von LTA zugenommen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine absolute und relative Zunahme von Personen, die zum Zeitpunkt der Anerkennung bzw. Bewilligung beschäftigt waren und von Personen, die technische Hilfen in Anspruch genommen haben. Die durch die BA geförderten Rehabilitanden sind jünger und haben höhere Schulabschlüsse. Sie sind häufiger arbeitslos und nehmen häufiger Weiterbildungs- und Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen in Anspruch. Durch die DRV geförderte Personen sind häufiger beschäftigt und erhalten v. a. technische Hilfen.

Schlussfolgerungen Auch wenn sich die Rehabilitanden der BA und der DRV aufgrund der jeweiligen rechtlichen Zuständigkeiten von BA und DRV v. a. hinsichtlich des Alters unterscheiden, sind vergleichbare Entwicklungen der Förderpopulationen und Leistungen zu beobachten.
The Difference between White and Red Ginseng: Variations in Ginsenosides and Immunomodulation
Authors: He Min , Huang Xin , Liu Shuying , Guo Chunsheng , Xie Yufei , Meijer Annemarie H. , Wang Mei
Published: June 2018

Ginseng Radix (Panax ginseng) is one of the most commonly used herbs worldwide for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases among others, supported by ancient historical records. Throughout this long history, the large-scale cultivation of ginseng created an increasing demand for long-term storage of the harvested plant material, accelerating the development of post-harvesting procedures. Dried white ginseng and processed (steamed) red ginseng are the products of the two most common traditional post-harvest processes. Although there are a significant number of reports on practice-based therapeutic applications of ginseng, science-based evidence is needed to support these uses. Using a reverse pharmacology approach in conjunction with high-throughput techniques and animal models may offer clear, simple paths for the elucidation of the mechanisms of activity of herbal medicines. Moreover, it could provide a new and more efficient method for the discovery of potential drug candidates. From this perspective, the different chemical compositions of white ginseng and red ginseng could very likely result in different interactions with signaling pathways of diverse biological responses. This paper provides an overview of white ginseng and red ginseng, mainly focusing on their chemical profile and immunomodulation activities. Synergistic effects of ginseng herbal drugs with combinations of other traditional herbal drugs or with synthetic drugs were reviewed. The use of the zebrafish model for bioactivity testing greatly improves the prospects for future ginseng research.
Use of Synthetic Osteochondral Implants to Treat Bilateral Shoulder Osteochondritis Dissecans in a Dog
Authors: Farrell Michael , Danielski Alan
Published: June 2018

Case Description An 8-month-old American Bulldog was presented for assessment of bilateral thoracic limb lameness. Computed tomographic imaging revealed large, deep osteochondritis dissecans lesions in both humeral heads.

Treatment and Outcome The osteochondritis dissecans lesions were debrided and the exposed subchondral defects were prepared to receive synthetic grafts. Circular implants consisting of a surface layer of polycarbonate urethane and a deep layer of lattice-type titanium were implanted into the osteochondral defects to reconstruct the articular surface topography. Follow-up clinical examination 1.5, 3 and 9months postoperatively revealed a lack of signs of shoulder pain and resolution of thoracic limb lameness. Nine-month follow-up radiographs showed radiographic evidence of osteointegration of both implants.

Clinical Relevance Synthetic osteochondral implantation in the caudocentral aspect of the humeral head appeared technically feasible and effective in resolving lameness caused by humeral head osteochondritis dissecans.
An Unusual Neonatal Presentation of Scimitar Syndrome
Authors: Abdul Aziz Ahmad , Thomas Sumesh , Lautner David , Al Awad Essa
Published: June 2018

Scimitar syndrome is characterized by partial or total anomalous pulmonary venous return from the right lung along with pulmonary hypoplasia. We present a case of a 37 weeks' gestation male infant with antenatal ultrasound findings of suspected partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) and coarctation of the aorta. The newborn presented with respiratory distress, a chest X-ray and chest computed tomography (CT) angiogram confirmed the diagnosis of scimitar syndrome. The combination of scimitar syndrome with aortic coarctation is extremely rare with only a few cases previously reported.
Medium- to Long-Term Results of the Nexgen Legacy Posterior Stabilized Fixed-Bearing Knee Replacement
Authors: Arikupurathu Oommen Mathew , Johnston Linda , MacInnes Alasdair , Nicol Graeme , Nassif Manhal
Published: June 2018

The NexGen legacy posterior stabilized (LPS) prosthesis was introduced in 1997 after many design changes to its predecessor, the Insall–Burstein II prosthesis. However, there have been no reported long-term studies on the performance of this implant. Prospectively, collected data from a local database comprising primary total knee replacements (TKRs) with LPS between 1997 and 2002 was analyzed. All implants were fixed with cement. Patients were followed up at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years, with patient satisfaction, range of movement, and Knee Society score (KSS) assessed. A total of 621 primary TKRs were analyzed with an average follow-up of 11.25 years (9.15–14.55). The mean age was 69.53 years. The mean KSS was 88.97 and mean flexion increased from 88.3 to 103.5 degrees at 10 years. Kaplan–Meier's analysis revealed a survivorship of 96.5% with revision for any reason as the end point and 98.9% if aseptic loosening was the reason for revision at 14 years. This study revealed excellent mid- to long-term results with the NexGen LPS prosthesis.
Conventional versus Smart Wireless Navigation in Total Knee Replacement: Similar Outcomes in a Randomized Prospective Study
Authors: Denti Matteo , Soldati Francesco , Bartolucci Francesca , Morenghi Emanuela , De Girolamo Laura , Randelli Pietro
Published: June 2018

Purpose The development of new computer-assisted navigation technologies in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has attracted great interest; however, the debate remains open as to the real reliability of these systems. We compared conventional TKA with last generation computer-navigated TKA to find out if navigation can reach better radiographic and clinical outcomes.

Methods Twenty patients with tricompartmental knee osteoarthritis were prospectively selected for conventional TKA (n = 10) or last generation computer-navigated TKA (n = 10). Data regarding age, gender, operated side, and previous surgery were collected. All 20 patients received the same cemented posterior-stabilized TKA. The same surgical instrumentation, including alignment and cutting guides, was used for both the techniques. A single radiologist assessed mechanical alignment and tibial slope before and after surgery. A single orthopaedic surgeon performed clinical evaluation at 1 year after the surgery. Wilcoxon's test was used to compare the outcomes of the two groups. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results No significant differences in mechanical axis or tibial slope was found between the two groups. The clinical outcome was equally good with both techniques. At a mean follow-up of 15.5 months (range, 13–25 months), all patients from both groups were generally satisfied with a full return to daily activities and without a significance difference between them.

Conclusion Our data showed that clinical and radiological outcomes of TKA were not improved by the use of computer-assisted instruments, and that the elevated costs of the system are not warranted.

Level of Evidence This is a Level II, randomized clinical trial.
Ergotherapie in der Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie
Authors: Hirsch Ute , Zobel Jörg
Published: June 2018

Die Ergotherapie ist Teil des multidisziplinären Behandlungsteams im Fachbereich Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie. Der Ergotherapeut behandelt Patienten mit angeborenen Fehlbildungen,
chronischen oder degenerativen Erkrankungen, nach Unfallverletzungen oder operativen Eingriffen und verfügt dabei über ein weites Spektrum von Behandlungsmaßnahmen, die individuell
auf die Situation des Patienten und seine Bedürfnisse abgestimmt werden. Gemeinsam mit dem Patienten werden Therapieziele festgelegt und die Therapie gestaltet. Die Ergotherapie
versucht, die Ressourcen des Patienten in die Behandlung zu integrieren und ihn darin zu unterstützen, zum Experten seiner eigenen Erkrankung zu werden.
State of charge and state of health estimation for lithium-ion battery through dual sliding mode observer based on AMESim-Simulink co-simulation
Authors: Chen Yang , Ma Yan , Chen Hong
Published: June 2018

As the power demand for electric vehicles, the estimations of state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) for the lithium-ion battery are important in a battery management system. In this paper, a method for SOC and SOH joint estimation based on a dual sliding mode observer (DSMO) has been presented considering the capacity fading factor. An equivalent circuit model with one resistor and capacitor network is built to represent the dynamic behaviors of lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, the uncertainties of model are considered to improve the accuracy of the battery model. One observer of DSMO is used to estimate the terminal voltage and SOC. The other observer is used to estimate the battery capacity and then to calculate SOH. The convergence of DSMO for SOC and SOH estimation is proved by the Lyapunov stability theory. Based on the proposed battery model with uncertainties, DSMO can avoid the chattering effects and improve the estimation accuracy. AMESim and Simulink co-simulation is adopted to evaluate the performance of DSMO. The results show that the proposed DSMO has good performance and robustness.
Electromagnetic modeling of anisotropic ferrites—Application to microstrip Y-junction circulator design
Authors: V K Thalakkatukalathil V. , Chevalier A. , Laur V. , Verissimo G. , Queffelec P. , Qassym L. , Lebourgeois R.
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a theoretical tool, which combines a generalized permeability tensor model, a homemade 3D magneto-static solver, and a commercial electromagnetic simulation software Ansys HFSS™ for accurate modeling of ferrite-based devices regardless of their state of magnetization. A magneto-static analysis is carried out to find the internal biasing fields in the ferrite sample. Permeability tensor components are computed using a generalized permeability tensor model. Real and imaginary parts of permeability tensor components are then integrated into the commercial 3D electromagnetic simulation software HFSS retaining the spatial variations of internal biasing fields in the ferrite sample. Frequency domain simulations are done using HFSS. This theoretical modeling approach is validated by comparing the theoretical simulation results with experimental ones in the case of a coaxial line loaded by a magnetized ferrite. Proposed approach is then applied to the design of a microstrip Y-junction circulator. Finally, a demonstration prototype is manufactured in the Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics technology.
Engineering of three-dimensional pre-vascular networks within fibrin hydrogel constructs by microfluidic control over reciprocal cell signaling
Authors: Bachmann Barbara , Spitz Sarah , Rothbauer Mario , Jordan Christian , Purtscher Michaela , Zirath Helene , Schuller Patrick , Eilenberger Christoph , Ali Syed Faheem , Mühleder Severin , Priglinger Eleni , Harasek Michael , Redl Heinz , Holnthoner Wolfgang , Ertl Peter
Published: June 2018

Reengineering functional vascular networks in vitro remains an integral part in tissue engineering, since the incorporation of non-perfused tissues results in restricted nutrient supply and limited waste removal. Microfluidic devices are routinely used to mimic both physiological and pathological vascular microenvironments. Current procedures either involve the investigation of growth factor gradients and interstitial flow on endothelial cell sprouting alone or on the heterotypic cell-cell interactions between endothelial and mural cells. However, limited research has been conducted on the influence of flow on co-cultures of these cells. Here, we exploited the ability of microfluidics to create and monitor spatiotemporal gradients to investigate the influence of growth factor supply and elution on vascularization using static as well as indirect and direct flow setups. Co-cultures of human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells embedded in fibrin hydrogels were found to be severely affected by diffusion limited growth factor gradients as well as by elution of reciprocal signaling molecules during both static and flow conditions. Static cultures formed pre-vascular networks up to a depth of 4 mm into the construct with subsequent decline due to diffusion limitation. In contrast, indirect flow conditions enhanced endothelial cell sprouting but failed to form vascular networks. Additionally, complete inhibition of pre-vascular network formation was observable for direct application of flow through the hydrogel with decline of endothelial cell viability after seven days. Using finite volume CFD simulations of different sized molecules vital for pre-vascular network formation into and out of the hydrogel constructs, we found that interstitial flow enhances growth factor supply to the cells in the bulk of the chamber but elutes cellular secretome, resulting in truncated, premature vascularization.
Comparison of electrical explosions of spherical wire arrays in water and glycerol on different timescales
Authors: Rososhek A. , Efimov S. , Tewari S. V. , Yanuka D. , Khishchenko K. , Krasik Ya. E.
Published: June 2018

Results of underwater electrical explosions of spherical wire arrays in water and glycerol on the sub-microsecond timescale are presented and compared to those obtained on the microsecond timescale [Rososhek et al., Phys. Plasmas 24, 122705 (2017)]. The time-of-flight of the converging shockwave was found to be approximately the same, despite almost three times faster energy density deposition into the exploding wires for sub-microsecond timescale explosions. This phenomenon was reproduced by numerical modeling, which showed that the exploding wires' expansion on both timescales results in almost identical radii when the convergence of the shockwave becomes self-similar. Thus, to increase the shockwave convergence velocity and consequently, the parameters of the compressed water near the shockwave implosion origin, instead of increasing the energy deposition rate, one must increase the initially stored energy.
Energy assessment of two vertical axis wind turbines in side-by-side arrangement
Authors: Bangga Galih , Lutz Thorsten , Krämer Ewald
Published: June 2018

The present study is intended to investigate the energy production of two vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) arranged in a side-by-side configuration for 5 different rotor distances and three combinations of rotational directions. The studied two-bladed rotor is constructed by the NACA 0021 airfoil with a radius of 1 m and operates at a wind speed of 8 m/s. Computational Fluid Dynamics approaches are employed in these analyses using the Menter SST turbulence model, and the simulations agree well with the available measurement data for a single rotor. The investigations reveal that the attained power of the two VAWT rotors depends strongly on the distance of the turbines and the direction of the rotor rotation. Load fluctuations are further examined in the present study. The performance improvement and vortex shedding of the dual-rotor system depend strongly on the tip speed ratio. An improved performance of the rotor can be achieved by considering the mentioned parameters, and layouts of the turbine array are designed based on these studies.
Multi-scale structure patterning by digital-mask projective lithography with an alterable projective scaling system
Authors: Liu Yu-Huan , Zhao Yuan-Yuan , Dong Xian-Zi , Zheng Mei-Ling , Jin Feng , Liu Jie , Duan Xuan-Ming , Zhao Zhen-Sheng
Published: June 2018

We report a flexible and efficient method to pattern two-dimensional (2D) multi-scale structures by digital-mask projective lithography (DMPL) with an alterable projective scaling system. In the developed DMPL system, femtosecond laser was modulated by digital micromirror device (DMD) to generate a designable intensity distribution with digital image information. The projective law of this DMPL system based on the geometric optics theory verified for different projective scaling lens systematically has been studied. With the combination of the customizable DMD elements and alterable projective scaling system, 2D designable patterned microstructures with multi-scale size range from millimeter to hundred nanometer have been achieved by a single exposure. In addition, an engineered Fresnel zone plate (FZP) with numerical aperture (NA) of 0.36 and focal length of 114 μm has been achieved by a single exposure of 1.2 s. The acquisition of the array of FZP lens shows the stability and efficiency of the pattern process. The proposed method could be expected to play an important role in the flexible and efficient fabrication of engineered 2D multi-scale structures.
Non-volatile resistive switching in CuBi-based conductive bridge random access memory device
Authors: Vishwanath Sujaya Kumar , Woo Hyunsuk , Jeon Sanghun
Published: June 2018

Resistive switching devices, which are dominated by metal cation based conductive filament formation/rupture, are called programmable memory, or conductive bridge random access memory (CBRAM), and are widely expected to replace existing memory devices. In this letter, CuBi alloy was used as an active electrode to control the over-diffusion of Cu ions into the solid electrolyte of a CBRAM. In addition, resistive switching performance was improved by inserting lutetium and dysprosium metals, which acted as a buffer layer at the interface of the active electrode (CuBi) and the dielectric layer (Al2O3). When optimized, the Cu0.55Bi0.45/Lu(Dy)/Al2O3/Pt showed excellent resistive switching performance. This improvement can be explained by the high controllability of Cu in Cu-Bi electrode with the Lu (Dy) buffer layer. The formation of intermediate oxide buffer layers at the CuBi/Lu(Dy) interface was analysed using XPS. Moreover, conductive-atomic force microscope measurements helped to define the inverted cone shape of the metallic conductive filament.
Virtual vortex gear: Unique flow patterns driven by microfluidic inertia leading to pinpoint injection
Authors: Tsai Chia-Hung Dylan , Takayama Toshio , Shimozyo Yuta , Akai Takayuki , Kaneko Makoto
Published: June 2018

An interesting phenomenon that vortices are sequentially generated on a microfluidic chip is investigated in this paper. The direction of every two adjacent vortices is opposite to each other, like a set of gears, and thus is named virtual vortex gear (VVG). Both experiments and computational simulations were conducted in order to make clear the mechanism of VVG. The experimental results show that only the flow from a particular point would form vortices and enter the target chamber. A technique of inverse mapping is proposed based on the phenomenon and it demonstrates that only a pinpoint injection is sufficient to control the contents of a microfluidic chamber. VVG can significantly reduce the volume of chemical usage in biological research and has potential for other on-chip applications, such as mixing and valving.
Investigation of carrier scattering process in polycrystalline bulk bismuth at 300 K
Authors: Arisaka Taichi , Otsuka Mioko , Hasegawa Yasuhiro
Published: June 2018

A carrier scattering process in polycrystalline bismuth at 300 K has been investigated by measuring its Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, magneto-resistivity, Hall coefficient, and Nernst coefficient and solving the Boltzmann equation under the relaxation time and low magnetic field approximations. All measurements were performed using identical bulk bismuth samples; as a result, the scattering process, carrier density, carrier mobility, and Fermi energy were estimated. It was found that acoustic deformation potential scattering was a dominant process even at a temperature of 300 K. In addition, a new measurement method (called a quasi-AC method) was proposed to determine the Nernst coefficient more quickly as compared to the conventional method. It was also shown that the difference in the Nernst coefficients estimated by the two methods affected other material parameters (such as carrier density, mobility, and Fermi energy) only slightly; however, the accurate determination of the Nernst coefficient was required for elucidating the scattering mechanism and estimating the Fermi energy of the studied material.
Self-supported hysteresis-free flexible organic thermal transistor based on commercial graphite paper
Authors: Zhu Miao , Cao Jupeng , Wei Xiaoyun , He Yaowu , Li Aiyuan , Xu Xiuru , Ali Muhammad Umair , Yan Lijia , Meng Hong
Published: June 2018

Due to their high thermal conductivity, stability, light weight, and low cost, graphite products are widely used as thermally conductive materials in current electronic devices and are promising materials for future flexible electronics. However, the intrinsic high rough surface of graphite severely impedes the fabrication of thermal transistors based on graphite products. On the other hand, most of the flexible thermal transistors reported to date are based on polymer substrates, whose thermal conductivities are extremely low for thermal sensing. To address these issues herein, a flexible commercial graphite paper with high thermal conductivity was used as both the substrate and the back gate of thermal transistors. Fluorinated polyimide was also synthesized as a high performance dielectric material and was skillfully blade-coated on a flexible graphite paper to reduce the surface roughness. As a result, the as-fabricated flexible device exhibits extremely low hysteresis, wide operating temperature range (20–100 °C), high stability, and temperature sensing performance. Moreover, the as-fabricated pentacene device reached the mobility of 0.146 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is highly competitive among the reported flexible organic thermal transistors. Such thermal transistors are promising for integration in current electronic devices and promote the diversity of the flexible transistor substrates.
Radiative and Auger recombination processes in indium nitride
Authors: McAllister Andrew , Bayerl Dylan , Kioupakis Emmanouil
Published: June 2018

InN and In-rich InGaN alloys emit in the infrared range desirable for telecommunication applications. However, the droop problem reduces their efficiency at high power. Nonradiative Auger recombination is a strong contributor to this efficiency loss. Here, we investigate radiative and Auger recombination in InN and In-rich InGaN with first-principles calculations. We find that the direct eeh process dominates Auger recombination in these materials. In the degenerate carrier regime, the Auger and radiative rates are suppressed by different mechanisms: the radiative rate is affected by phase-space filling while Auger recombination is primarily reduced by free-carrier screening. The suppression of the radiative rate onsets at lower carrier densities than that of the Auger rate, which reduces the internal quantum efficiency of InN devices. Droop in InN can be mitigated by increasing the bandgap through alloying with GaN. We demonstrate that the peak efficiency of In0.93Ga0.07N alloys (which emit at 1550 nm) is 33% higher than that of InN and occurs at higher carrier densities.
Temperature coefficient of redox potential of LixFePO4
Authors: Fukuzumi Yuya , Hinuma Yoyo , Moritomo Yutaka
Published: June 2018

The temperature coefficient (α≡∂V∂T) of the redox potential (V) is a significant physical quantity for energy conversion. A thermocell can convert heat energy into electric energy by using the difference in α between cathode and anode materials. Here, we carefully determined α of a prototypical intercalation compound, LixFePO4, against Li concentration (x). α is found to be ≈ 0.90 mV/K irrespective of x, reflecting phase separation (PS) into LiFePO4 and FePO4. We further evaluated the entropies (S) of LiFePO4 and FePO4 by means of first-principles calculations. Considering the solvent effect of ≈ 0.50 mV/K, the residual amount (≈ 0.40 mV/K) of α is well reproduced by 1eΔS between LiFePO4 and FePO4, where e is the elementary charge (> 0).
Pseudomonas-aided zinc application improves the productivity and biofortification of bread wheat
Authors: Rehman Abdul , Farooq Muhammad , Naveed Muhammad , Ozturk Levent , Nawaz Ahmad
Published: June 2018

Zinc (Zn) deficiency reduces the grain yield and quality of wheat. Plant-growth-promoting bacteria may help to improve plant Zn availability. This study evaluated the influence of inorganic Zn, with and without Zn-solubilising bacteria (Pseudomonas sp. MN12), on performance and grain biofortification of wheat. Zinc was supplied with and without Pseudomonas to two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Lasani-2008 and Faisalabad-2008) via four treatments: soil application (5.0 mg kg–1 soil), foliar application (0.025 m), seed priming (0.5 m) and seed coating (1.25 g kg–1 seed). Hydroprimed seeds were taken as control. Inoculation with Pseudomonas improved photosynthesis, yield, biofortification of grains and organic acid production in root exudates. However, inoculation was more effective when applied in combination with different Zn application methods. Maximum improvement in plant photosynthetic assessment and grain yield was recorded with Pseudomonas + Zn seed priming, followed by Pseudomonas + soil application of Zn. These two combinations also enhanced organic acid production in root exudates of wheat. Soil and foliar application of Zn with Pseudomonas enhanced Zn concentration in whole grain, embryo, aleurone and endosperm. Combined application of Pseudomonas and Zn (soil and foliar) reduced phytate concentration and [phytate] : [Zn] ratio and increased the bioavailable Zn in wheat grain compared with the control. In conclusion, the combination Pseudomonas inoculation along with Zn seed priming and soil application was more effective in improving grain yield of wheat, whereas soil- and foliar-applied Zn with Pseudomonas inoculation was better in enhancing grain Zn concentration and bioavailability.
Predicting perturbation patterns from the topology of biological networks
Authors: Santolini Marc , Barabási Albert-László
Published: June 2018

Significance

The development of high-throughput technologies has allowed mapping a significant proportion of interactions between biochemical entities in the cell. However, it is unclear how much information is lost given the lack of measurements on the kinetic parameters governing the dynamics of these interactions. Using biochemical networks with experimentally measured kinetic parameters, we show that a knowledge of the network topology offers 65–80% accuracy in predicting the impact of perturbation patterns. In other words, we can use the increasingly accurate topological models to approximate perturbation patterns, bypassing expensive kinetic constant measurement. These results could open new avenues in modeling drug action and in identifying drug targets relying on the human interactome only.
Spiky electric and magnetic field structures in flux rope experiments
Authors: Gekelman W. , Tang S. W. , DeHaas T. , Vincena S. , Pribyl P. , Sydora R.
Published: June 2018

Significance

The phenomena investigated in this paper are relevant to the general subject of interfaces and mixing within the context of multiscale transport under nonequilibrium plasma conditions, and the phenomena fit well into the theme of this Special Feature. Magnetic flux ropes consist of helical magnetic fields with varying pitch, and on multiscale processes, such as induced magnetic and electric structures, become embedded in the magnetic flux ropes. Time domain structures (TDSs) spontaneously develop between the flux ropes and are associated with magnetic reconnection. The spiky nonlinear structures dominate the electric and magnetic field and are not described by a simple power law. They are not predicted by fluid theory and could be a major factor in the development of new turbulence theories.
Cellulose crystals plastify by localized shear
Authors: Molnár Gergely , Rodney David , Martoïa Florian , Dumont Pierre J. J. , Nishiyama Yoshiharu , Mazeau Karim , Orgéas Laurent
Published: June 2018

Significance

While most attention has so far been devoted to the tensile properties of crystalline cellulose, the main elementary building block of plants, we show here using atomistic simulations that their shear is also an important mode of deformation, occurring at stress levels lower than tension with much larger ductility. We also demonstrate how crystalline defects like dislocations drastically facilitate plasticity. This analysis can be used as a basis for the micromechanical modeling of cellulose microfibrils that are currently considered as promising eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic fibers for structural materials.
Indel-correcting DNA barcodes for high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Hawkins John A. , Jones Stephen K. , Finkelstein Ilya J. , Press William H.
Published: June 2018

Significance

Modern high-throughput biological assays study pooled populations of individual members by labeling each member with a unique DNA sequence called a “barcode.” DNA barcodes are frequently corrupted by DNA synthesis and sequencing errors, leading to significant data loss and incorrect data interpretation. Here, we describe an error correction strategy to improve the efficiency and statistical power of DNA barcodes. Our strategy accurately handles insertions and deletions (indels) in DNA barcodes, the most common type of error encountered during DNA synthesis and sequencing, resulting in order-of-magnitude increases in accuracy, efficiency, and signal-to-noise ratio. The accompanying software package makes deployment of these barcodes straightforward for the broader experimental scientist community.
Maximum principles and Bôcher type theorems
Authors: Li Congming , Wu Zhigang , Xu Hao
Published: June 2018

Significance

The Bôcher theorem for fractional Laplacian extends the classical Bôcher theorem with a unified proof that can be adapted in other situations. Our distributional approach reduces the regularity requirement and connects the Bôcher theorem directly with the corresponding maximum principles. These maximum principles derived are simple and basic with many potential applications.
Nanoparticle decoration impacts airborne fungal pathobiology
Authors: Westmeier Dana , Solouk-Saran Djamschid , Vallet Cecilia , Siemer Svenja , Docter Dominic , Götz Hermann , Männ Linda , Hasenberg Anja , Hahlbrock Angelina , Erler Kathrin , Reinhardt Christoph , Schilling Oliver , Becker Sven , Gunzer Matthias , Hasenberg Mike , Knauer Shirley K. , Stauber Roland H.
Published: June 2018

Significance

In this work, we demonstrate that nanoparticles rapidly assemble on spores under physiologically and ecologically relevant conditions. We provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that nanoparticle coating of the clinically most relevant airborne fungal pathogen,
Aspergillus fumigatus
, can affect the pathobiological identity and fate of both fungal spores and nanoparticles. Our findings suggest that nanoparticle coating of bioaerosols may be relevant for ecology and human health.
La categoría ‘nombre’ en laGrammatica o Arte(1560) de Domingo de Santo Tomás y en elArte(1571) de Alonso de Molina
Authors: Cancino Cabello1 Nataly
Published: June 2018

En este trabajo se compara el tratamiento de la categoría gramatical ‘nombre’ en dos obras misioneras de la América colonial:Grammatica o arte de la lengua general de los Indios de los Reynos del Peru(1560) de Domingo de Santo Tomás (1499–1570), sobre el quechua, del área andina, yArte de la lengua Mexicana y Castellana(1571) de Alonso de Molina (1514–1585), sobre el náhuatl, de la zona mesoamericana. Dichas obras son los primeros tratados gramaticales que describen estas lenguas generales en los virreinatos de Perú y Nueva España, respectivamente, y que se imprimieron en América. Por esta razón, se pueden considerar como piedras angulares para la descripción lingüística respecto de estas lenguas y de otras geográficamente cercanas. Partimos nuestro artículo considerando que estos escritos forman parte de una “tradición hispánica o española” de la lingüística misionera, de modo que revisamos el tratamiento de dicho concepto en la bibliografía especializada. Posteriormente, realizamos un análisis del ‘nombre’ que nos lleva a concluir que en ambas obras prima un enfoque contrastivo, en el cual se emplea la gramática latina como punto de inicio para explicar dicha categoría gramatical. A partir de este modelo, se puntualizan y se explican las semejanzas y las diferencias entre aquel y las gramáticas de las lenguas indígenas; en el segundo caso, los autores buscan nuevas soluciones que faciliten la descripción de las lenguas. Asimismo, debido al contexto de evangelización en que se elaboraron las obras, en estas se incluyen asuntos etnográficos relacionados con la descripción de la categoría ‘nombre’, lo cual también diferencia estos tratados de la tradición gramatical latina. Por último, ofrecemos unas reflexiones finales sobre el ‘nombre’ en las obras revisadas.
Mikołaj Kruszewski (1851–1887) et les Néo-grammairiens
Authors: Comtet Roger
Published: June 2018

Le linguiste polonais Mikołaj Kruszewski (1851–1887) est la plupart du temps présenté comme un Néo-grammairien, tout comme du reste son maître et compatriote Jan Baudouin de Courtenay (1845–1929). Mais peut-on faire confiance à ce lieu commun? Pour répondre à cette question, on esquissera dans un premier temps les principales étapes de la vie et de l’œuvre de Kruszewski, ce qui nous permettra de mieux le situer par rapport aux Néo-grammairiens; et on découvre une relation complexe, entre emprunt, imitation, refondation et créativité pure. L’examen des œuvres initiales de Kruszewski, à cheval entre linguistique et ethnographie, et composées avant même la découverte du mouvement néo-grammairien (il s’agit surtout des Formules magiques comme genre de la poésie populaire de 1876), montre en effet que Kruszewski a été bien davantage inspiré par l’ethnologie et la psychologie empiriste anglo-saxonnes qu’il avait découvertes lors de ses années d’étude à Varsovie. Sa pensée s’inscrit donc au confluent de deux héritages scientifiques, l’un anglo-saxon, l’autre germanique, ce qui illustre une fois de plus la fécondité des échanges interculturels.
That Was Not ‘Lenneberg’s Dream’
Authors: Longa Víctor M.
Published: June 2018

Eric Heinz Lenneberg (1921–1975), a neuroscientist and linguist born in Düsseldorf, published his masterpieceBiological Foundations of Languagein1967. This book, now recognized as a classic in the field, inaugurated the scientific study of the biology of language, and has since its publication exerted an enormous influence. However, some interpretations of this work do not accurately capture the author’s biological and linguistic thinking. Here I concentrate on one such interpretation, that of leading generative acquisitionist Kenneth Wexler (1942-), who has formulated what he terms ‘Lenneberg’s dream’, portraying Lenneberg as believing that a trait like language is directly rooted in the genome. The present paper will show that Lenneberg’s view was in fact quite different from that assumed by Wexler. First, while the latter author explicitly adopts the genocentric stance that has characterized generative grammar since its very inception, the former relativized the role of genes and rejected the genome as the direct source of language. Second, Wexler’s position can be shown to be preformationist, assuming the genome to contain a specific program for language; Lenneberg, in contrast, never embraced that position and instead adopted an opposite, epigenesist stance. In sum, Lenneberg dreamt a completely different dream.
A transcription factor primes the condensin pump
Authors: Gerton Jennifer L.
Published: June 2018

Chromosome condensation is regulated by the condensin complex but whether this process is subject to transcriptional control is poorly understood. In this issue, Schiklenk et al. (2018. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201711097) reveal that the transcription factor Zas1 mediates timely chromosome condensation and promotes transcription of several genes in Saccharomyces pombe, including the condensin subunit Cnd1.
Claudins get a closer look
Authors: Sedwick Caitlin
Published: June 2018

JGP study examines claudin-15 ion selectivity and permeation.
Quantitative null-cobordism
Authors: Chambers Gregory , Dotterrer Dominic , Manin Fedor , Weinberger Shmuel
Published: June 2018

For a given null-cobordant Riemannian

n
n

-manifold, how does the minimal geometric complexity of a null-cobordism depend on the geometric complexity of the manifold? Gromov has conjectured that this dependence should be linear. We show that it is at most a polynomial whose degree depends on

n
n

. In the appendix the bound is improved to one that is

O
(

L

1
+
ε

)

O(L^{1+\varepsilon })

for every

ε
>
0

\varepsilon >0

.

This construction relies on another of independent interest. Take

X
X

and

Y
Y

to be sufficiently nice compact metric spaces, such as Riemannian manifolds or simplicial complexes. Suppose

Y
Y

is simply connected and rationally homotopy equivalent to a product of Eilenberg–MacLane spaces, for example, any simply connected Lie group. Then two homotopic

L
L

-Lipschitz maps

f
,
g
:
X
→
Y

f,g:X \to Y

are homotopic via a

C
L

CL

-Lipschitz homotopy. We present a counterexample to show that this is not true for larger classes of spaces

Y
Y

.
Classes of Weierstrass points on genus 2 curves
Authors: Cavalieri Renzo , Tarasca Nicola
Published: June 2018

We study the codimension

n
n

locus of curves of genus

2
2

with

n
n

distinct marked Weierstrass points inside the moduli space of genus

2
2

,

n
n

-pointed curves, for

n
≤
6

n \leq 6

. We give a recursive description of the classes of the closure of these loci inside the moduli space of stable curves. For

n
≤
4

n\leq 4

, we express these classes using a generating function over stable graphs indexing the boundary strata of moduli spaces of pointed stable curves. Similarly, we express the closure of these classes inside the moduli space of curves of compact-type for all

n
n

. This is a first step in the study of the structure of hyperelliptic classes in all genera.
On Artin’s conjecture: Linear slices of diagonal hypersurfaces
Authors: Brüdern Jörg , Robert Olivier
Published: June 2018

Artin’s conjecture is established for all forms that can be realised as a diagonal form on a hyperplane.
Gluteal Augmentation With Fat: Retrospective Safety Study and Literature Review
Authors: Kalaaji Amin , Dreyer Stine , Vadseth Line , Maric Ivana , Jönsson Vanja , Haukebøe Trond H
Published: June 2018

Background

Use of gluteal augmentation with fat increased by 3267% from 2002 to 2015, and the rate of death is highest compared with other aesthetic procedures: 1 in 3448 patients dies, compared with 1 in 55,000.

Objectives

To retrospectively investigate patients who underwent this procedure at Oslo Plastic Surgery Clinic, to review international data to determine factors causing mortality, and to provide guidelines for safety.

Methods

Patient data were searched for reason for the procedure, assessment of patients, techniques performed, and safety measures used. In 60 cases, a vibration machine was used for fat harvesting. Review of the international literature, with special emphasis on fatal complications, was performed on Medline, Google Scholar, and PubMed.

Results

Mean patient age was 32 years. Mean amount of grafted fat was 422 mL (range, 210-850 mL). Sedation, local and tumescent anesthesia were used in all patients, with mobilization directly after surgery. Mean operation time was 89 minutes. Eighteen patients required a second surgery. Minor complications occurred in 8 patients. Average follow-up was 8 months. Ninety percent of patients were satisfied. Review of international literature showed that the main reason for death in 2015 was fat lung embolism related to muscular and submuscular grafting.

Conclusions

Gluteal augmentation with fat is one of the most popular procedures, with an internationally high mortality rate. Patient safety is a priority, and preventive measures should improve safety because appropriate patient selection, avoiding muscular and submuscular grafting, avoiding infragluteal incision, moderate grafted volume, and direct postoperative mobilization are essential.

Level of Evidence: 4
Individualized treatment effects with censored data via fully nonparametric Bayesian accelerated failure time models
Authors: Henderson Nicholas C , Louis Thomas A , Rosner Gary L , Varadhan Ravi
Published: June 2018

Individuals often respond differently to identical treatments, and characterizing such variability in treatment response is an important aim in the practice of personalized medicine. In this article, we describe a nonparametric accelerated failure time model that can be used to analyze heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE) when patient outcomes are time-to-event. By utilizing Bayesian additive regression trees and a mean-constrained Dirichlet process mixture model, our approach offers a flexible model for the regression function while placing few restrictions on the baseline hazard. Our nonparametric method leads to natural estimates of individual treatment effect and has the flexibility to address many major goals of HTE assessment. Moreover, our method requires little user input in terms of model specification for treatment covariate interactions or for tuning parameter selection. Our procedure shows strong predictive performance while also exhibiting good frequentist properties in terms of parameter coverage and mitigation of spurious findings of HTE. We illustrate the merits of our proposed approach with a detailed analysis of two large clinical trials (N = 6769) for the prevention and treatment of congestive heart failure using an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. The analysis revealed considerable evidence for the presence of HTE in both trials as demonstrated by substantial estimated variation in treatment effect and by high proportions of patients exhibiting strong evidence of having treatment effects which differ from the overall treatment effect.
Toward Task Connectomics: Examining Whole-Brain Task Modulated Connectivity in Different Task Domains
Authors: Di Xin , Biswal Bharat B
Published: June 2018

Human brain anatomical and resting-state functional connectivity have been comprehensively portrayed using MRI, which are termed anatomical and functional connectomes. A systematic examination of tasks modulated whole brain functional connectivity, which we term as task connectome, is still lacking. We analyzed 6 block-designed and 1 event-related designed functional MRI data, and examined whole-brain task modulated connectivity in various task domains, including emotion, reward, language, relation, social cognition, working memory, and inhibition. By using psychophysiological interaction between pairs of regions from the whole brain, we identified statistically significant task modulated connectivity in 4 tasks between their experimental and respective control conditions. Task modulated connectivity was found not only between regions that were activated during the task but also regions that were not activated or deactivated, suggesting a broader involvement of brain regions in a task than indicated by simple regional activations. Decreased functional connectivity was observed in all the 4 tasks and sometimes reduced connectivity was even between regions that were both activated during the task. This suggests that brain regions that are activated together do not necessarily work together. The current study demonstrates the comprehensive task connectomes of 4 tasks, and suggested complex relationships between regional activations and connectivity changes.
Head versus Heart: The Effect of Objective versus Feelings-Based Mental Imagery on New Product Creativity
Authors: Herd Kelly B , Mehta Ravi
Published: June 2018

Imagination visual mental imagery, a mental simulation process that involves imagining an end user interacting with an end product, has been proposed as an efficient strategy to incorporate end-user experiences during new product ideation. Consumer research finds that this strategy enhances overall product usefulness, but does not resolve whether and how this process may impact outcome originality. The present work delineates the imagination visual mental imagery construct and argues that such mental imagery can take two different routes—one that is more feelings-based (i.e., feelings-imagination), and one that is more objective (i.e., objective-imagination). Further, we propose that although these two approaches will equally benefit outcome usefulness, they will have differential impact on outcome originality. Across five studies, we demonstrate that adopting a feelings-imagination versus an objective-imagination approach induces higher empathic concern, enhancing cognitive flexibility, which leads to higher outcome originality. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.