bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of the Canal Shaping Ability of F6 SkyTaper, Navigator EVO and One Shape File Systems in Preparation of Curved Root Canals using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Gupta Malvika , Taneja Sonali , Bhalla Vidhi Kiran , Rathore Akshay
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Knowledge on shaping ability of advanced Nickel Titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments holds a great significance in the field of endodontics. Root canal shaping systems should maintain the original canal anatomy and thereby, reduce the risk of iatrogenic errors. Aim: To compare and evaluate the canal transportation, centering ability and time taken for preparation of curved root canals after instrumentation with F6 SkyTaper, Navigator EVO and One Shape file systems using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging. Materials and Methods: This was an in vitro study conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, I.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India in July 2020. Thirty mesiobuccal canals of extracted mandibular molars with an angle of curvature between 20 to 40 degrees were selected and divided into three groups (n=10 into each group): F6 SkyTaper (group I), Navigator Evo (group II) and One Shape (group III). Canals were biomechanically prepared till size 30/6%; scanned using CBCT, before and after instrumentation to evaluate shaping ability at 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm and 9 mm from the apex. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc test with level of significance set at p-value <0.05. Results: Out of three file systems selected, Navigator EVO showed significantly least canal transportation (0.222) (p-value <0.05) and highest centering ability (0.535) as compared to F6 SkyTaper and One Shape. Overall, F6 SkyTaper and One Shape showed comparable results with respect to canal transportation and centering ability. The F6 Skytaper showed the fastest preparation (75.72 sec) of canals while Navigator EVO took the maximum time (307.046 sec). Conclusion: Navigator EVO showed superior shaping ability in curved canals than single file systems, although the time taken was the least with F6 SkyTaper.
Treating Shoulder Pain with Trigger Point Dry Needling: A Case Report
Authors: Bhardwaj Vikrant , Awasthi Madhvi , Anand Kuljeet Singh
Published: January 2022

Shoulder pain is highly prevalent even in the young population and could have a multifactorial aetiology. Myofascial Trigger Points (MTrPs) could be one of the pathophysiological basis of shoulder pain. Dry needling has shown promising results in releasing MTrPs in different muscles. Hereby, authors present a case report of a 24-year-old male with a history of shoulder pain, with no history of trauma or injury, who was referred to the physiotherapist by orthopaedic surgeon with a diagnosis of shoulder strain of muscular origin. Being a flight attendant by profession, his job involved continuous picking, pushing and lifting things during his working hours in the flights. The patient presented with severe pain and with reduced Range of Motion (ROM) mainly on left side. Following thorough assessment of the patient by the physiotherapist, the trigger point dry needling was administered. The pain was reduced as measured by Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), increasing the Pain Pressure Threshold (PPT) as measured by algometer with increase in ROM of left shoulder. After the dry needling treatment session, there was an instant improvement in the restricted ROM of shoulder which may be a consequence of the decrease in pain and improvement in muscle tone and elasticity after treatment. Although there are few papers highlighting the effectiveness of dry needling but still, there is dearth of literature that highlight the quantification (PPT) in addition to reporting of pain (score based) and ROM. Thus, the results of the present case report can assist in providing insight for examining the effectiveness of dry needling, which are subdued literature but are important to frame body of knowledge.
Multilayer Optical Waveguides as Isolators, Polarizers and Other Optical Devices: A Review
Authors: Sharma Neha
Published: January 2022

An optical waveguide is a structure guiding the wave of light, limiting it to travel through the given and specific path. If the size of transverse dimensions is bigger than the guided light wavelength, then total internal reflection (TIR) and geometrical optics can be used to explain the working principle of geometrical optics. There is a strong control from Photonic Band Gap (PBG) structures over light and some of the best use cases of such structures rely on the functionalities while using defects in lattice which had led to the Photonic Crystal (PhC) heterostructure design. The photonic band structure is influenced by the defects in the PhC and it can cause the confinement or flow of light apart from specific pathways in the property and crystal of those structures.

In this paper, we have investigated the application areas of polarizers, isolators and other optical devices in optical waveguides. The loss occurred in the added layer and changes in the properties of the waveguide is also discussed. It is also observed that resonant layer effect (RLE) can improve and play a pivotal role to develop a lot of devices like polarizers, modulators, and isolators.
A Retrospective Study on Agrocultural Poisoning: Causes and Effects
Authors: Gupta Aditya , Ninave Sudhir
Published: January 2022

A rise in the usage of pesticides in agriculture has coincided with an increase in the number of people who have been poisoned by them. Herbicides greater part are incessant agrochemical poisons, trailed by organophosphates. Numerous horticultural toxins, such as ethyl parathion and defoliant, have been banned in recent years. To discourage illicit use, they are combined with a coloring agent such as indigo carmine. Additionally, parquet has a "stanching" ingredient. Organochlorines work through a completely different process. Whereas Organophosphates are anti-cholinesterase, while organochlorines are anti-cholinesterase. Meddling with the transmission of driving forces through nerve cells. Organochlorines give out a kerosene-like odor when people die. The presence of organochloride in the gut contents or offal is used to make the diagnosis. Organochlorines are resistant to putrefaction and can be identified long after a person has died. Suicidal, accidental, and homicidal poisonings have all been linked to paraquat. This poisoning is moderately caustic, and ulcers around the lips and mouth is frequent. The severe alterations in the lungs, especially after the sufferer has lived a few days, are the hallmark of paraquat poisoning. Algicides, aphicides, herbicide safeners, fertilisers, and other agrochemicals are less often seen. Most governments have enacted regulations to avoid unintentional poisonings from these substances. The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) was passed by the US government in 1962, while the Indian sovereignty proceeded The Insecticides Act in 1968. These laws, in addition via other things compel pesticide producers to include signal phrases on their labels to alert the public to their toxicity and associated dangers.
A Brief Study on Diabetes Mellitus: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis
Authors: Verma Harsh , Chakole Swarupa , Laishram Guddi
Published: January 2022

Background: This article reviews published articles and existing diagnostic and therapeutic techniques relevant to adolescents with obesity and diabetes mellitus.

Obesity, in addition to DIABETES MELLITUS, is a crucial risk factor for the occurrence of future chronic and noncommunicable diseases.

Obese and overweight teenagers are more prone to acquire Adult Onset Diabetes, formerly rare among the younger population. However, a global trend of Adult Onset Diabetes was noted in the late 1990s and early 2000s. In the United States and the United Kingdom, and other developing and developed countries, this is particularly true. Adult Onset Diabetes is nearly as common as Insulin Dependent Diabetes in some locations. There has been a significant surge in the prevalence and severity of obesity in several population groups in teenagers.

Objective and Methodology: To read and review the existing literature on the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and obesity in adolescence. About 15 articles and literature were studied using the PubMed and Google Scholar search engine to produce a detailed review article on the topic of interest so chosen.

Results and Conclusion: After reviewing the articles, we can agree that TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS is linked easily to young adults who are obese, that is, having a Body Mass Index of more than 30 or more than 30. TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS   causes destruction of receptors for insulin which results in an increased level of glucose, causing various diseases. Obesity in young adults is a critical factor in the occurrence of Adult Onset Diabetes which makes them at risk of developing severe diseases in the 3rd or 4th decade of life.
Satisfaction Levels of Remote Healthcare Simulation amongst EMS Professionals in Pune, India
Authors: Rishipathak Parag , Bhandari Monesh , Hinduja Anand
Published: January 2022

Aim: Healthcare education comprises of various components including theory, practicals, clinical and cognitive skills. The teaching andragogy has evolved from classroom sessions and laboratory experiments to clinical rotation duties. Simulation has played a significant role as a new revolutionary tool in andragogy as it involves self-reflective and immersive learning. The COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing rules necessitated the suspension of all in-person learning activities at workplaces, public places and all educational institutes. Consequently, distance learning became essential. As a result, the classroom sessions were replaced by online mode sessions and the teaching faculties had no option but to adapt to the new technology in a short period of time. It is crucial to gauge the satisfaction levels amongst Emergency Medical Professionals (EMP’s) attending remote simulation sessions to devise more user friendly programs for the future. The aim of the study is to assess the satisfaction level of the Emergency Medical Professionals exposed to remote simulation

Study Design: Quantitative Study.

Place and Duration of Study: Symbiosis Centre for Health Skills, Pune in October 2021.

Materials and Methods: A quantitative study on satisfaction level was conducted in October 2021, amongst 200 Emergency Medical Professionals (EMP’s) in the city of Pune, India. Simulated Clinical Experiences (SCE’s) on various cardiac emergencies were designed by Simulation Educators. The participants attended the session via virtual platform Microsoft Teams for a period of 2 hours. A 19-item student satisfaction survey, was used to determine the participant’s satisfaction with the remote simulation session.

Results and Discussion: The study was conducted with the aim to adjudge the level of satisfaction amongst EMS professionals with the remote simulation mode of teaching. In the post Covid era, remote learning has become a norm and cannot be ignored. The session successfully recreated a real patient care setting and the participants enjoyed the immersive learning experience. Although limited number of participants could actively engage in the patient care during the session, the debriefing ensured that all participants were involved in the session.

Conclusion: The unanimity in the satisfaction scores is very encouraging for facilitators to devise interesting SCE’s and teach in the remote simulation mode. This shall ensure that the continued medical education does not suffer as a result of the pandemic.
Impact of COVID-19 on the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Gupta Pranav , Shinde Pranaykumar , Kher Praveena
Published: January 2022

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common causes of vision loss in people across the world. COVID- Despite the fact that early diagnosis and management guidelines for DR have considerably lowered burden of disease, 19 disease outbreak limitations have had an impact on actual world clinical management in the care of DR patients. This research includes the most latest treatment guidelines and outcomes for DR in the context of the outbreak.

When contrasted to equivalent instants of time in 2019, intravitreal doses for DR have declined dramatically globally during the outbreak, spanning from around 30 percent to around 100percent reduction. After a substantial amount of time, several research on operational findings demonstrate a loss in visual acuity.

In the treatment of DR, changing practice methods have led to lower intravitreal doses and cumulative loss of vision acuity during follow-up. It will be vital to continue reviewing practise guidelines as more COVID mutations arise.
Relationship between Shukra Sara Purusha with Quality of Semen: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sunil P. Nikhate , Vaidehi P. Raole , Shruti Karemore
Published: January 2022

Dhatu sarata is an excellent state for any particular dhatu (tissue). Shukra dhatu (Reproductive tissue) is one of the seven dhatu reflects reproductive health. Garbhotpadan (reproduction) is main function of Shukra dhatu (Reproductive tissue). Characteristics future of shukra (Semen) is given by ayurvedacharya and this quality of shukra (Semen) said to be best for fertility. Shukta dhatu (Semen) can be correlated with semen. Its quality and quantity affects reproduction and any deformity is lead to infertility in male. Pilot study was conducted to find out relationship between Shukta dhatu sarata and quality of semen. An observational pilot study conducted on apparently healthy volunteers. 30 male volunteers of age group 25-35 yearr were selected and their Shukra dhatu sarata (Supreme quality of Reproductive tissue) were assessed with standard proforma. Then categorized into Uttam (supreme), Madhayama (Moderate) & Hina (Average) sara on the basis of presence number of characteristics. Semen analysis i.e. semen volume, total sperm count, sperm motility is done in laboratory of same individuals.  Higher Sperm count, good Sperm motility and high semen volume are found in Uttam Shukradhatusara (Supreme quality of Reproductive tissue) individuals as compare to hina shukradhatusara (Average quality of Reproductive tissue) individuals. It is not possible to come to any conclusion as this was pilot study. Further study should be conducted on large sample size.
Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Mannitol and Hypertonic Saline (3%) for Treatment of Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Authors: Katariya Sakshi , Iratwar Sandeep
Published: January 2022

Background: Intracranial Pressure of higher than 20 mm of Hg is considered Intracranial Hypertension. For years, Mannitol has been the go-to drug for its cure. However, it has many adverse eﬀects. Therefore, other drugs are being considered for reducing Intracranial Pressure (ICP), and hypertonic saline (HTS) appears to be a good alternative.

Methods: The reason for this study is to report any differences in results after using of mannitol or hypertonic saline for treating Intracranial Hypertension (IH) in patients who were in the tertiary care hospital to be treated of moderate or severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).

Methodology: All patients who had moderate or severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) i.e, were reported at the hospital and had Glasgow Coma Score lesser than 13, were admitted in the hospital over the course of 2 months of the study will be included.  Patients will be randomized into 2 statistically comparable groups. Group A and Group B will be given the standard amount of mannitol and hypertonic saline (3%) and clinical result will be noted for both cases.

Results: The results will be calculated by rate of improvement in Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of both groups and then compared. Primary endpoint will be clinical improvement after 7 days.

Conclusion: The rationale behind which drug of the two - mannitol or hypertonic saline solution (HS) - for treatment of people suffering Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) to be primary varies considerably and there seems to be no protocol to determine which of these should be preferred. Most of the studies that have been done on the topic conclude that Hypertonic saline (HTS) seems to better suited for lowering Intracranial Pressure (ICP), regardless of its concentration. However, other than its apparent superiority in ICP reduction, it doesn’t seem to have any additional benefits, in relation to mortality.
Progress in Nanotechnology for Treating Ocular Surface Chemical Injuries: Reflecting on Advances in Ophthalmology
Authors: Qi Qiaoran , Su Dai , Zhuang Shuqin , Yao Sunyuan , Heindl Ludwig M. , Fan Xianqun , Lin Ming , Li Jin , Pang Yan
Published: January 2025

Ocular surface chemical injuries often result in permanent visual impairment and necessitate complex, long‐term treatments. Immediate and extensive irrigation serves as the first‐line intervention, followed by various therapeutic protocols applied throughout different stages of the condition. To optimize outcomes, conventional regimens increasingly incorporate biological agents and surgical techniques. In recent years, nanotechnology has made significant strides, revolutionizing the management of ocular surface chemical injuries by enabling sustained drug release, enhancing treatment efficacy, and minimizing side effects. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the etiology, epidemiology, classification, and conventional therapies for ocular chemical burns, with a special focus on nanotechnology‐based drug delivery systems in managing ocular surface chemical injuries. Twelve categories of nanocarrier platforms are examined, including liposomes, nanoemulsions, nanomicelles, nanowafers, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoparticles, hydrogels, dendrimers, nanocomplexes, nanofibers, nanozymes, and nanocomposite materials, highlighting their advantages in targeted delivery, biocompatibility, and improved healing efficacy. Additionally, current challenges and limitations in the field are discussed and the future potential of nanotechnology in treating ocular diseases is explored. This review presents the most extensive examination of this topic to date, aiming to link recent advancements with broader therapeutic strategies.
ZAR1/2‐Regulated Epigenetic Modifications are Essential for Age‐Associated Oocyte Quality Maintenance and Zygotic Activation
Authors: Rong Yan , Wu Yu‐Ke , Chen Yingyan , Liu Qing , Ai Leilei , Wu Yun‐Wen , Zhu Yezhang , Zhang Yin‐Li , Liu Chengkan , Ma Yerong , Tong Xiaomei , Jin Jiamin , Li Xiaoxuan , Zhou Yan , Ji Shu‐Yan , Zhang Songying , Fan Heng‐Yu
Published: January 2025

The developmental competence and epigenetic progression of oocytes gradually become dysregulated with increasing maternal age. However, the mechanisms underlying age‐related epigenetic regulation in oocytes remain poorly understood. Zygote arrest proteins 1 and 2 (ZAR1/2) are two maternal factors with partially redundant roles in maintaining oocyte quality, mainly known by regulating mRNA stability. In addition to this known function, it is found that ZAR1/2 is required for oocyte epigenetic maturation and zygotic reprogramming. Zar1/2‐deleted oocytes exhibited reduced levels of multiple histone modifications and of the expression of corresponding histone modifiers, along with over‐condensed chromatin, leading to compromised minor zygotic genome activation and deficient embryo development following fertilization. Cytoplasmic ZAR1/2 participated in intranuclear epigenetic maturation by binding the transcripts encoding histone modifiers and regulating their stability and translational activity. Moreover, oocytes from aged mice exhibited similar histone‐modification deficiencies as the Zar1/2‐deleted oocytes. ZAR1/2 mRNA and protein levels are downregulated in oocytes from mice and women with advanced ages, suggesting ZAR1/2 as regulators of epigenetic changes with reproductive aging. This study presents a new nucleo‐cytoplasmic interaction mechanism that is involved in preventing oocyte epigenetic aging. Further, ZAR1/2 represents potential gene targets for diagnosis and clinical interventions in age‐associated deficiencies in oocyte and embryo development.
Enhanced Genome Editing Activity with Novel Chimeric ScCas9 Variants in Rice
Authors: Liang Zhen , Wu Yuqing , Deng Shuke , Wei Sha , Zhang Kai , Guo Yingjie
Published: January 2025

The Streptococcus canis Cas9 protein (ScCas9) recognizes the NNG protospacer adjacent motif (PAM), offering a wider range of targets than that offered by the commonly used S. pyogenes Cas9 protein (SpCas9). However, both ScCas9 and its evolved Sc++ variant still exhibit low genome editing efficiency in plants, particularly at the less preferred NTG and NCG PAM targets. In this study, a chimeric SpcRN++ variant is engineered by grafting the recognition (REC) domain of SpCas9 into the Sc++ variant, incorporating the R221K/N394K mutations, and retaining the positively charged loop of S. anginosus Cas9. The SpcRN++ variant exhibits a higher genome editing capacity and wider target range than the Sc++ variant in rice protoplasts and stable transgenic plants. Further evidence indicates that nSpcRN++‐based A3A/Y130F and TadA8e exhibit enhanced cytosine and adenine editing efficiency in plants. Finally, herbicide‐resistant rice germplasms are produced by targeting the OsACC gene using nSpcRN++‐based adenine base editors. These results demonstrate that SpcRN++ is a powerful tool for genome editing in plants, and this integrative protein engineering strategy holds promise for engineering other Cas9 proteins.
Weighted Echo State Graph Neural Networks Based on Robust and Epitaxial Film Memristors
Authors: Guo Zhenqiang , Duan Guojun , Zhang Yinxing , Sun Yong , Zhang Weifeng , Li Xiaohan , Shi Haowan , Li Pengfei , Zhao Zhen , Xu Jikang , Yang Biao , Faraj Yousef , Yan Xiaobing
Published: January 2025

Hardware system customized toward the demands of graph neural network learning would promote efficiency and strong temporal processing for graph‐structured data. However, most amorphous/polycrystalline oxides‐based memristors commonly have unstable conductance regulation due to random growth of conductive filaments. And graph neural networks based on robust and epitaxial film memristors can especially improve energy efficiency due to their high endurance and ultra‐low power consumption. Here, robust and epitaxial Gd: HfO2‐based film memristors are reported and construct a weighted echo state graph neural network (WESGNN). Benefiting from the optimized epitaxial films, the high switching speed (20 ns), low energy consumption (2.07 fJ), multi‐value storage (4 bits), and high endurance (109) outperform most memristors. Notably, thanks to the appropriately dispersed conductance distribution (standard deviation = 7.68 nS), the WESGNN finely regulates the relative weights of input nodes and recursive matrix to realize state‐of‐the‐art performance using the MUTAG and COLLAB datasets for graph classification tasks. Overall, robust and epitaxial film memristors offer nanoscale scalability, high reliability, and low energy consumption, making them energy‐efficient hardware solutions for graph learning applications.
Hydrogen Sulfide Promotes TAM‐M1 Polarization through Activating IRE‐1α Pathway via GRP78 S‐Sulfhydrylation to against Breast Cancer
Authors: Ju Mingyi , Tong Weiwei , Bi Jia , Zeng Xianxin , Qi Aoshuang , Sun Mingli , Wen Jian , Zhao Lin , Wei Minjie
Published: January 2025

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)‐mediated protein S‐sulfhydration has been shown to play critical roles in several diseases. Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are the predominant population of immune cells present within solid tumor tissues, and they function to restrict antitumor immunity. However, no previous study has investigated the role of protein S‐sulfhydration in TAM reprogramming in breast cancer (BC). Therefore, the aim is to investigate whether protein S‐sulfhydration can regulate TAM reprogramming and its underlying mechanism in BC. The results showed that in BC, the CTH‐H2S axis is positively correlated with the presence of an anti‐tumor phenotype in TAMs. NaHS, as an H2S donor, repolarized TAMs into M1 macrophages to block the tumor‐promoting activities of TAMs both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, H2S‐mediated S‐sulfhydration of the protein chaperone glucose‐regulated‐protein 78 (GRP78) induced endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein kinase‐1α (IRE‐1α) dissociation from GRP78, which enhanced the phosphatase activity of IRE‐1α itself in BC‐TAMs, while the Cys420 site mutation of GRP78 interfered with these effects. Collectively, GRP78 S‐sulfhydrylation mediated by H2S at the Cys420 residue decreased the tumor burden and inhibited lung metastasis of BC through reprograming TAMs via activating the IRE‐1α pathway, indicating that targeting GRP78 S‐sulfhydration represents a promising intervention for TAM‐M1 repolarization in BC.
Structural Analysis of Plasma‐Induced Oxidation and Electric Field Effect on the Heat Shock Protein (Hsp60) Structure: A Computational Viewpoint
Authors: Attri Pankaj , Okumura Takamasa , Koga Kazunori , Shiratani Masaharu
Published: January 2025

In recent years, there has been an increase in the study of the mechanisms behind plasma oncology. For this, many wet lab experiments and computational studies were conducted. Computational studies give an advantage in examining protein structures that are costly to extract in enough amounts to analyze the biophysical properties following plasma treatment. Therefore, in this work, we studied the effect of plasma oxidation and electric field on the human mitochondrial heat shock protein (mHsp60). Hsp60, alias chaperonin, is one of the most conserved proteins expressed across all species. Hence, we performed molecular dynamic simulations to calculate the root‐mean‐square deviation, root‐mean‐square fluctuation, and solvent‐accessible surface area of mHsp60 with and without oxidation. In addition to the oxidation state, we also applied an electric field (0.003 and 2.0 V/nm) to check the changes in the mHsp60 protein. Through simulations, we observed that the electric field strongly affects the structure of mHsp60 protein compared with the oxidation. The combination of oxidation and electric field effect increases the destabilization of the mHsp60 structure compared with their respective control states.
Recent Updates on Antibacterial Quinolones: Green Synthesis, Mode of Interaction and Structure–Activity Relationship
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Saini Monika , Das Rina , Chauhan Samrat , Sharma Diksha , Mujwar Somdutt , Gupta Sumeet , Mehta Dinesh Kumar
Published: January 2025

Quinolone antibiotics are a crucial class of synthetic antibacterial agents, widely utilized due to their broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Due to the development of antimicrobial resistance, the potency of quinolone drugs decreased. Many conventional methods have been developed to elevate amination rate and to improve yield. These methods are generally characterized by prolonged reaction durations, high boiling solvents, harsh conditions, costly reagents and excessive heat generation, which have adversely affected the therapeutic efficacy of these compounds. Recently, green chemistry has focused on sustainable chemistry‐dependent quinolone analogue synthesis methods that significantly reduce bacterial infections. These methods include one‐pot synthesis, photoredox catalysis, phase transfer catalysis, ultrasonic irradiation, microwave‐assisted, green solvent and catalyst‐free synthesis, which often utilize energy‐efficient, non‐toxic and less time‐consuming techniques, aligning with green chemistry principles to improve safety and environmental impact. Researchers continuously explore innovative approaches to applying these methods in synthetic reactions. This review includes a comprehensive analysis of synthetic literature from the past 15 years from Scopus, PubMed, Embase and WOS using keywords, such as green chemistry, quinolone and antibacterial, highlighting significant advancements and emerging trends. This work's importance lies in its extensive literature overview on green synthesis methods for quinolones and related heterocyclic compounds. Furthermore, to provide useful information for the generation of future antibacterial drugs, some structural–activity relationship studies and in silico studies have also been included to investigate the stable binding interactions between quinolone leads and various target proteins.
Bioinformatics Exploration of the Therapeutic Potential of Lotus Seed Compounds in Multiple Sclerosis: A Network Analysis of c‐Jun Pathway
Authors: Rushendran Rapuru , Singh S. Ankul , Begum Rukaiah Fatma , Chitra Vellapandian , Ali Nemat , Prajapati Bhupendra G.
Published: January 2025

The central nervous system is affected by multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune illness characterized by axonal destruction, demyelination, and inflammation. This article summarizes the state of the field, highlighting its complexity and significant influence on people's quality of life. The research employs a network pharmacological approach, integrating systems biology, bioinformatics, and pharmacology to identify biomarkers associated with MS. Utilizing Nelumbo Nucifera (Lotus) seeds, the study involves toxicity assessments, biomolecule screening, and target prediction. Advanced computational methodologies are employed, including molecular docking and dynamic simulations, to assess potential therapeutic interactions. Biomolecule screening identifies eight active compounds from Lotus seeds, including Anonaine and Liriodenine. Target prediction reveals 264 common targets with MS‐related genes. Protein‐protein interaction analysis establishes a complex network, identifying central targets like SRC and AKT1. Bioinformatics enrichment analysis uncovers potential therapeutic candidates and pathways. A Biomolecule‐Target‐Pathway network diagram visualizes interactions, with Anonaine and Liriodenine exhibiting strong binding affinities in molecular docking studies. Molecular dynamics simulations provide insights into dynamic interactions. In conclusion, through advanced computational techniques, it unveils molecular interactions, potential therapies, and pathways, bridging predictions with practical applications. Anonaine and Liriodenine show promise in curbing MS biomarkers.
Predictive modeling and risk assessment strategies for enhancing dairy product safety: A comprehensive review
Authors: Pahariya Prachi , Shrivastav Awani , Goswami Tridib Kumar , Choudhary Ruplal
Published: January 2025

The dairy industry is a crucial part of the food sector, encompassing a wide range of raw, pre‐processed, and post‐processed dairy products. The concern about delivering safe dairy products is increasing due to the rise in pathogenic outbreaks associated with the dairy industry. To mitigate the risks associated with dairy products, risk assessment (RA) and predictive modeling play vital roles. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of RA and predictive modeling in managing these risks. Risk assessment offers a structured approach to evaluate public health risks through hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Predictive modeling complements RA by using scientific and mathematical methods to anticipate microbial behavior under various conditions, aiding in the prevention of contamination throughout the dairy supply chain. This article emphasizes the application of these tools in real‐world scenarios to improve the accuracy of food safety predictions. In conclusion, integrating risk assessment with predictive modeling is essential for mitigating contamination risks and ensuring the safety and quality of dairy products. While significant advancements have been made, future research should focus on enhancing model precision through robust data sets and advanced machine learning, leading to more effective strategies that protect public health.
Ensuring glucagon access for people with diabetes: A case example from community pharmacy
Authors: Meredith Ashley H. , Galdo John A. , Gorsuch Nicole , Daisey‐Bell Bianca , Logan JR Richard N. , Gonzalvo Jasmine D.
Published: January 2025

People with diabetes who are prescribed insulin or who are at high risk of recurrent level 2 or level 3 hypoglycemia should be prescribed glucagon. More than seven million Americans are prescribed insulin and prescriptions for glucagon were filled in 8.3% of people using short‐acting insulin, 2.3% of people using long‐acting insulin, and 0.4% of people not using insulin. Community pharmacy teams can identify individuals at high risk for hypoglycemia and play an important role in improving access to glucagon. Using Community Pharmacy Enhanced Services Network (CPESN®) USA as a model, we will describe opportunities for community pharmacies to improve glucagon access and patient health outcomes.
Dihydroquercetin Ameliorates Neuronal Ferroptosis in Rats After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage via the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2/HO‐1 Pathway
Authors: Zheng Bao , Zhou Xiwei , Pang Lujun , Che Yanjun , Qi Xin
Published: January 2025

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a specific type of stroke. Dihydroquercetin (DHQ), a flavonoid, is known for its various pharmacological properties. This study aimed to explore the roles and mechanisms of DHQ in influencing the progression of SAH. A rat SAH model was established using the endovascular perforation technique. Following SAH induction, DHQ was administered orally 1 h later. Assessments included SAH scores, neurological function, brain swelling, blood‐brain barrier (BBB) integrity, neuronal damage, apoptosis levels, inflammation, and indicators of ferroptosis using various treatments. The HT22 cells were exposed to hemin to simulate SAH‐like conditions under in vitro settings. Cell counting kit‐8 assays, flow cytometry, enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay, BODIPY 581/591 C11 staining, western blot analysis, and biochemical kits were employed to evaluate the potential effects of DHQ. Moreover, the mechanisms responsible for the protective effect of DHQ were examined by western blot analysis. The in vivo findings revealed that DHQ mitigated neurological impairments, brain swelling, BBB disruption, and neuronal injury at 24 h post‐SAH. DHQ also reduced neuronal degeneration, inflammation, and ferroptosis following SAH. The in vitro findings revealed that DHQ enhanced cell survival and reduced ferroptosis at 24 h following hemin exposure. Mechanistically, DHQ activated phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling in SAH rats and hemin‐treated HT22 cells to exert neuroprotective effects. In conclusion, this study reveals that DHQ can effectively decrease BBB permeability, brain edema, neurological dysfunctions, and ferroptosis post‐SAH by activating the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway.
Appraisal of the Fragments‐In‐Fragments Method for the Energetics of Individual Hydrogen Bonds in Molecular Crystals
Authors: Dehariya Bharti , Ahirwar Mini Bharati , Shivhare Ayush , Deshmukh Milind M.
Published: January 2025

We report a direct application of the molecular tailoring approach‐based (MTA‐based) method to calculate the individual hydrogen bond (HB) energy in molecular crystal. For this purpose, molecular crystals of nitromalonamide (NMA) and salicylic acid (SA) were taken as test cases. Notably, doing a correlated computation using a large molecular crystal structure is difficult. Among 15 density functional theory functionals, the B3LYP provides accurate estimates of HB energies closed to the CCSD(T) ones using the 6–311 + G(d,p) basis set for all atoms. The direct application of the MTA‐based method to these crystal structures is although straightforward. For instance, the calculated energy suggests that three intramolecular HBs in NMA crystal are of stronger strength (7.3–17.0 kcal/mol) than the intermolecular ones (2.7–4.0 kcal/mol). On the other hand, intermolecular HB in SA crystal is moderately stronger (9.9 kcal/mol) than intramolecular one (8.1 kcal/mol). However, these energy calculations by the MTA‐based method are very expensive. For instance, the time needed to evaluate the energy of all seven HBs in NMA crystal (having molecules within maximum of 15 unit cells) is 122,681 min (~2.7 months). In view of this, we assessed our recently proposed linear‐scaling Fragments‐in‐Fragments (Frags‐in‐Frags) method for estimating the single‐point energies of parent molecular crystal and fragments of the MTA‐based method. It has been found that the estimated HB energies by the Frags‐in‐Frags method are in excellent linear agreement with their MTA‐based counterparts (R2 = 0.9993). Furthermore, root mean square deviation is 0.12 kcal/mol. Mean and maximum absolute errors are 0.10 and 0.5 kcal/mol, respectively, and the standard deviation is 0.14 kcal/mol. Importantly, the Frags‐in‐Frags method is computationally efficient; it needs only 18,289 min (~12.7 days) for the estimation of energy of all HBs in NMA crystal and 3499 min (~2.4 days) for all HBs in SA crystal.
Greater return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction combined with anterolateral ligament reconstruction compared with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction alone: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lumban‐Gaol Imelda , Putramega Dananjaya , Phatama Krisna Yuarno , Utomo Dwikora Novembri , Budhiparama Nicolaas C.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aimed to compare the return to sports, return to competition, Tegner score and anterior cruciate ligament‐return to sports injury (ACL‐RSI) scores between patients who underwent ACL reconstruction (ACLR) combined with anterolateral ligament reconstruction (ALLR) and those who underwent ACLR alone.

Methods

Two independent reviewers conducted a literature search in PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library in July 2024, followed by data extraction and quality assessment. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta‐analysis guidelines. The return to sports rate, return to competition rate, Tegner score and ACL‐RSI score were compared between patients who underwent primary ACLR with ALLR and those who underwent isolated primary or revision ACLR. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed via the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool and methodological items for nonrandomized studies.

Results

In total, 12,139 studies were screened, and 14 (four randomized controlled trials and 10 nonrandomized studies) studies were ultimately evaluated. Compared with isolated ACLR, ACLR combined with ALLR resulted in a higher rate of return to sports and competition. Nevertheless, no significant differences were found in the Tegner score or ACL‐RSI score between the two groups.

Conclusion

Patients who underwent ACLR in combination with ALLR had higher rates of return to sports and competition, but their Tegner activity and ACL‐RSI scores were similar to those of patients who underwent ACLR alone. This finding may assist surgeons in making decisions when treating patients undergoing ACLR, especially athletes.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
KTb3−xGdxF10 Nano‐Glass Composite Scintillator with Excellent Thermal Stability and Record X‐Ray Imaging Resolution
Authors: Wang Sikai , Yang Jingdao , Liu Chuang , Li Wenhao , Zheng Xiaoxin , Qiao Xusheng , Sun Xinyuan , Qian Sen , Han Jifeng , Wu Junxiao , Xu Xuhui , Ren Jing , Zhang Jianzhong
Published: January 2025

Scintillators exhibiting both excellent spatial resolution and thermal stability are highly sought after. Herein, by employing a suite of techniques—including phase‐separation‐assisted crystallization, energy transfer, and compensation—Tb3+‐doped nano‐glass composite (nano‐GC) scintillators are developed with good scintillation performance. The Tb3+‐doped nano‐GC scintillator exhibits an unprecedented enhancement in the integrated intensity of X‐ray excited luminescence (XEL) by more than five times, as compared with Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) crystal. It achieves an estimated light yield of 54 900 photons MeV−1 and a sensitivity of 635.31 nGyair s−1. An X‐ray imaging system based on the Tb3+‐doped nano‐GC scintillator delivers a record resolution of 28.7 lp mm−1 at room temperature and 28.1 lp mm−1 even at 500 °C, thanks to the excellent thermal stability, namely, the scintillator preserves the original XEL intensity up to 300 °C, and ≈73% at 500 °C. The heat resistance excels currently available high‐temperature scintillation materials. These attributes, combined with robust moisture resistance, position the developed nano‐GC scintillator an exceptionally promising candidate for high‐temperature X‐ray imaging used in harsh environments.
Existence and Optimal Controls for Generalized Riemann–Liouville Fractional Sobolev‐Type Stochastic Integrodifferential Equations of Order ϑ∈(1,2)$$ \vartheta \in \left(1,2\right) $$
Authors: Johnson M. , Vijayakumar V. , Kwon Kiwoon
Published: January 2025

This manuscript addresses the optimal control of generalized Riemann–Liouville fractional (Hilfer fractional) Sobolev‐type stochastic differential equations of order in separable Hilbert spaces. First, the existence of mild solutions for the system is established using the cosine family of operators and the Leray–Schauder fixed point theorem. Then, the existence of optimal control is demonstrated through Balder's theorem. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the results.
Otolaryngology Resident Education: Beyond Procedural Case Logs—A 10‐Year Single Institutional Review
Authors: Huynh Pauline P. , Malkin Benjamin D. , Wang Kevin H.
Published: January 2025

Objective

To quantify the otolaryngologic diagnoses encountered in outpatient clinics by otolaryngology—head and neck surgery (OHNS) residents during their 5 years of postgraduate training.

Methods

This is a retrospective review at a single institution following 5 consecutive graduating resident cohorts throughout their training. The electronic health record was queried for OHNS clinic encounters from 2013 through 2022 during which the resident physicians were included as the visit provider or assistant to an attending physician. Diagnoses were sorted into categories as adapted from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education OHNS Milestones 2.0.

Results

From 2013 to 2022, 10 residents participated in 25,447 unique clinic encounters, averaging 2544 total clinic encounters per resident. Of these, 13,957 (54.8%) listed the resident as a visit provider. The most frequently coded categories included otologic diseases (25.3%), head and neck neoplasms (14.8%), and rhinologic diseases (10.8%). Most frequently coded diagnoses included postoperative care, benign subcutaneous masses, ear infections, cerumen impaction, and maxillofacial fractures.

Discussion

To our knowledge, this is the first study to quantify the OHNS resident clinic experience. Additional data from other institutions is needed to better evaluate clinical competency regarding these nonprocedural facets in residency training.

Implications for Practice

As OHNS residency training continues to evolve, it is important to evaluate the outpatient clinical experience and ensure it reflects educational needs, including adequate exposure to a range of otolaryngologic diagnoses and conditions to prepare trainees for independent practice.
Assessing the Impact of Vaccination Status on Meningitis Risk Post Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Hayden Jamil , Youner Emily R. , Rosen Ross , Cleveland Chelsea N. , Warren De'Andre A. , Mowry Sarah , Otteson Todd D. , Semaan Maroun
Published: January 2025

Objective

To better understand the protective benefit of pneumococcal vaccines on rates of meningitis after cochlear implantation.

Study Design

Retrospective large database review.

Setting

Several studies have shown that cochlear implantation increases the incidence of bacterial meningitis, mostly due to pneumococcal meningitis. However, there are no studies that have demonstrated that pneumococcal vaccination is associated with a decreased risk of meningitis among cochlear implant recipients.

Methods

TriNetX, an electronic medical record database, was queried for incidence of meningitis after cochlear implantation, with and without pneumococcal vaccination.

Results

There are a total of 35,434 patients in the TriNetX database who have received a cochlear implant. Of these patients, 9803 patients (27.7%) had coding sufficient to assess their immunization status and were included in our study. Of the patients in our study, 9264 patients (93.7%) had evidence of receiving a PCV immunization, while 539 (5.5%) were found to be under vaccinated. A total of 258 patients in our study had an episode of meningitis after cochlear implantation, translating to an overall rate of 2.6%. The vaccinated group demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of meningitis (2.5%, n = 236) compared to the under‐vaccinated group (4.1%, n = 22) (relative risk: 1.60; confidence interval (1.0441, 2.4586); P < .0310).

Conclusion

Our study provides evidence that pneumococcal vaccination is associated with a significantly lower rate of bacterial meningitis after cochlear implantation. Meningitis is a potentially life‐threatening complication. Better adherence to pneumococcal vaccination guidelines pre‐ and post‐CI is critical to reducing the feared risk of bacterial meningitis after cochlear implantation.
Microbiological Profiles and Patterns of Resistance in Patients With Sinus Infections After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Adelman Avraham E. , Tangutur Akshay , Archilla Alfredo S. , Vengerovich Gennadiy
Published: January 2025

Objective

Identify common pathogens and antibiotic resistances in chronic rhinosinusitis patients post‐endoscopic sinus surgery presenting with an active sinus infection.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Setting

Single‐institution rhinology private practice in Southeast Florida.

Methods

Recorded postoperative endoscopically‐guided sinus cultures from symptomatic patients with purulent drainage on endoscopy from August 2020 to December 2023. When available, pre‐ or intraoperatively cultured organisms were collected.

Results

Of 125 patients, 50.4% were female with a mean age of 51.0. In 34.4% of patients that underwent revision surgery, 76% had nasal polyps and 26.4% had asthma. Of 301 cultures, 264 (87.7%) were positive, 53 (17.6%) were polymicrobial, and 37 (12.3%) were negative. Of 351 total isolates, 165 (47%) were Gram‐negative, 125 (35.6%) Gram‐positive, 14 (4%) fungi, and 10 (2.8%) anaerobic. 46.9% of postoperative organisms were not cultured preoperatively. Gram‐negative bacteria included Enterobacteriaceae (17.7%), Pseudomonas spp. (10.5%), Serratia spp. (5.1%). Gram‐positive bacteria included Methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA, 17.1%) and Methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA, 8%). Antibiotic resistances included MSSA to penicillins (52.8%) and clindamycin (32.8%), and MRSA resistance to quinolones (53.6%) and clindamycin (35.7%). Enterobacteriaceae were 42% resistant to amoxicillin‐clavulanate and 37.1% to penicillins, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 17.7% resistant to quinolones.

Conclusion

A cohort of chronic rhinosinusitis patients post‐sinus surgery grew a large proportion of Gram‐negative organisms and significant Staphylococcal penicillin and Gram‐negative amoxicillin‐clavulanate resistance. Our findings indicate the benefit of culturing patients with this patient presentation. If cultures cannot be obtained, we suggest broad‐spectrum antibiotics that consider wide Gram‐negative coverage and local antibiotic resistance patterns.