bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cuban-American Entrepreneurs: Chance, Complexity and Chaos
Authors: Peterson Mark F. , Meckler Mark R.
Published: March 2007

Bouchikhi (1993) introduces themes from chaos and complexity theory to gain an understanding about chance in entrepreneurship. We expand on these themes using an example from the Cuban immigrants to South Florida to increase the dynamism of Waldinger et al.'s (1990) model of immigrant entrepreneurship. These complexity and chaos themes are: (1) large differences in outcomes can come from small differences in initial conditions; (2) largely unpredictable, radical changes can be intermixed with and become directly dependent on incremental, predictable changes; (3) short-term predictability can accompany long-term nonpredictability; (4) seemingly random patterns can show an apparent attraction to specific configurations; and (5), mutual influence among a small number of predictors can appear to be random. An example from among the leading Cuban-born entrepreneurs illustrates three levels of generality in entrepreneurship theory. Most generally, this person's career reflects abstract conclusions about entrepreneurship in the larger community. At a second level, it illustrates the uniqueness in the pattern of entrepreneurship for one sub-group, a specific age cadre. At a third level, it illustrates the uniquenesses of an individual's personal history. Insights at these three levels of generality appear as we follow a systematic, theory-based, case-study method.
Trust, Power and Control in Trans-Organizational Relations
Authors: Bachmann Reinhard
Published: March 2007

This paper analyzes trust and power as means of co-ordinating trans-organizational relationships. It is argued that, depending on the institutional environment, there are two distinct patterns of controlling relationships, where trust and power are interrelated in quite different ways. First, both mechanisms are generated at the inter-personal level and either trust or power dominates the relationship. Second, power occurs at the level of the structural framework of relationships and is highly conducive to developing trust between individual organizations. Thus, specific forms of trust and power are identified and the institutional environment is viewed as playing a crucial role in shaping the quality of trans-organizational relations. The theoretical background of the paper mainly draws on conceptual ideas of Systems Theory, Structuration Theory and New Institutionalism
Minimal Structures: From Jazz Improvisation to Product Innovation
Authors: Kamoche Ken , Cunha Miguel Pina e
Published: March 2007

This paper demonstrates how the art form jazz improvisation can be applied to organizational innovative activities, focusing specifically on product innovation. In the past, the literature on product innovation focused on well-planned approaches which followed a clearly-understood structure based on a rational-functionalist paradigm. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that this model is inappropriate in today's highly competitive business environment. A balance between structure and flexibility seems to be an appropriate way to manage the contradicting demands of control and creativity faced by organizations in highly competitive environments. Jazz improvisation provides this synthesis through the concept of `minimal structures'. We characterize the minimal structures that allow jazz improvisers to merge composition and performance, and then proceed to apply this approach to new product development.
Masking the Need for Cultural Change: The Effects of Emotion Structuration
Authors: Callahan Jamie L.
Published: March 2007

This study explores the ways in which the expression and management of emotion influence organizational action. The interview sample consisted of 21 volunteer leaders of a non-profit professional association. The triangulated design included interviews, observations, and document analyses. Emotion expression was primarily associated with externally oriented organizational actions, such as mission; emotion management was primarily associated with internally oriented organizational actions, such as culture. This expression and management combined to form a reciprocal connection between the volunteers and the organization that resulted in emotion structuration that masked the need for the organization to consider cultural change.
Mobilizing the Logic of Managerialism in Professional Fields: The Case of Academic Health Centre Mergers
Authors: Kitchener Martin
Published: March 2007

This paper presents a qualitative inductive analysis of attempts to re-order the bases of legitimacy in fields of professional organizations. Concepts from institutional theory, political science and social movement theory are integrated to provide a model of the antecedents, processes and implications of this phenomenon. Findings from a study of US academic health centre mergers illustrate each element of the model. They show that as part of the political agenda to repress the prevailing institutional logic and structures of professionalism (Scott et al. 2000), executives are expected to adopt certain managerial innovations to maintain organizational legitimacy. Against this new basis of legitimacy, powerful agents have promoted merger so successfully that it has achieved mythical attributes of widespread and uncritical adoption (Meyer and Rowan 1977). The paper explains why the intended outcomes of this innovation emerge rarely when it is `sedimented' (Cooper et al. 1996) uncritically upon enduring aspects of the logic and structures of professionalism.
Organizational and Industrial Response to Market Liberalization: The Interaction of Pace, Incentive and Capacity to Change
Authors: White Steven , Linden Greg
Published: March 2007

This paper draws on prior research on organizational change to link the pace of macroeconomic reforms in a transition economy to the ability of domestic firms and industries to face new foreign competition. We argue that if the pace of economic reforms exceeds the pace at which organizations can adopt appropriate strategies, those organizations will not be able to survive, even if they have the potential to do so otherwise. A comparison of the Polish and Chinese television manufacturing industries grounds our model that relates the pace of adaptation to environmental change, managerial incentives and organizational capacity to the likelihood that incumbent firms will be able to survive in newly liberalized markets. In Poland, domestic television producers were decimated by foreign entrants after the government implemented `big-bang' reform measures. China's `go-slow' approach to reform, in contrast, allowed managers in some but not all state-owned enterprises to make and implement strategic changes that enabled them to compete successfully with foreign firms. This interaction between the speed of environmental shifts and the internal pace of organizational change suggests important implications for research and policy making in transition economies and other contexts in which industries are being opened to new competitive pressures.
Culture Dimensions of Polish Managers: Hofstede's Indices
Authors: Nasierowski Wojciech , Mikula Bogusz
Published: March 2007

This paper explores, in accordance with Hofstede's indices, the culture dimensions of young Poles who have had some exposure to business management. It is shown that this group of Polish respondents score high in Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance, average in Individualism, are moderately above average in Masculinity as compared to Hofstede's Hermes data-base results. These culture characteristics are discussed from the perspective of their possible impact upon the adaptation of Western managerial concepts in Poland.
Towards a Geocentric Framework of Organizational Form: A Holistic, Dynamic and Paradoxical Approach
Authors: Li Peter Ping
Published: March 2007

Despite its increasing importance to the research and practice of organizational management, there is no consensus on how to describe, explain and prescribe network as an organizational form. Based upon the evidence of the Chinese network form within its institutional and cultural contexts, this paper seeks to make three contributions. First, it describes network as a unique form, different from other organizational forms and thus needing a new perspective. Second, it explains network form from a holistic, dynamic and paradoxical perspective by synthesizing economic, social and psychological rationalities. Third, it prescribes the ideal-typical network form by offering a geocentric framework of organizational form which is neither culture-blind (under-embedded) nor culture-bounded (over-embedded).
Is Escalation Always Irrational?
Authors: Drummond Helga
Published: March 2007

The escalation literature focuses upon unwarranted persistence with failing ventures. Escalation theory suggests that persistence may be prompted by individuals attempting to conceal their mistakes. In other words, the assumption is that a breakdown in rationality stems from irrational risk taking. This paper is less concerned with what such theories reveal about escalation, and more with what they obscure. More specifically, the present study seeks to demonstrate that decision fiascoes may partly stem from rationality itself. The demonstration utilizes a case study of project Taurus, 500 million IT venture which collapsed. Whereas the literature highlights the role of individual cognition in explaining escalation and failure, the present study focuses upon the contradictions surrounding the venture. Escalation is seen in the unfolding of the destructive logic of the situation, and, in what Ritzer calls, 'the irrationality of rationality'.
Quiet Revolutions and Radical Transformations: A Comment on H. Peter Dachler
Authors: Cassell Catherine , Symon Gillian
Published: March 2007

This comment is a response to a review essay by H. Peter Dachler of a volume we edited entitled Qualitative Methods in Organizational Research: A Practical Guide (Organization Studies 18/4). While engaging with Dachler's arguments conceming the problematic distinction made between qualitative and quantitative methods, we also suggest that his evaluation implies the additional issues of who 'owns' qualitative methods and how methodological change can best be brought about in research communities. In conclusion, we counterpose the change strategies of radical transformation and quiet revolution and call for more discussion on these issues.
Comparing Methods for Mapping Organizational Cognition
Authors: Nicolini Davide
Published: March 2007

This paper presents a field study exploring the differences between two methods of mapping organizational cognition — social representation and causal mapping. After introducing the two methods and describing the mapping procedures in detail, the paper discusses the different outcomes yielded by the two methodologies. Conditions of use and intrinsic limitations of each method are then examined in the light of the results. The paper concludes with some reflections on the notion and practice of mapping organizational cognition.
The Social Dimensions of Risk: Bank Financing of SMEs in Britain and Germany
Authors: Lane Christel , Quack Sigrid
Published: March 2007

This paper develops a sociological perspective on the comparative study of risk in the bank financing of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in Britain and Germany. It combines an institutionalist analysis with Luhmann's (1993) and Douglas and Wildavsky's (1982) sociological theories of risk. Drawing on these theories, it is suggested that the decision-making process is a social process in which regulative, normative and cognitive institutional effects influence the perception and management of risk. Aspects of the institutional environment which relate to the bank financing of SMEs in general and risk management in particular are examined. The paper then reviews the evidence in this field presented in the existing secondary literature in the light of the theoretical approach developed and explores how various kinds of institutional mechanisms and other environmental factors influence aspects of decision making in relation to risk. The overall conclusions relate our findings to the literature on business systems.
Wittgenstein's metaphysical use and Derrida's metaphysical appurtenance
Authors: Truong Rootham Mireille M.
Published: March 2007

Everything about Derrida suggests that he is for a radical reform or transformation of language, whilst Wittgenstein seems to vindicate a fidelity to ordinary language and to want to 'expunge' from language the 'metaphysical use' of words. But just how opposed are they? My contention in this paper is that Wittgenstein does not 'deconstruct', as some critics have rather loosely suggested, because, as we shall see, the expunging of metaphysical use favoured by Wittgenstein does not amount to the deconstruction of metaphysical appurtenance practised by Derrida. However, there are interesting parallels to be drawn between the two philosophers which I shall try to articulate in the course of this paper. The first part provides the background, in Wittgenstein's writings, to his concept of 'metaphysi cal use'; the second is an exposition of what Derrida refers to as 'metaphysical appurtenance' and attendant notions such as those of binary oppositions and of the labouring of concepts; and the third is a summing up and a defence of the thesis that Wittgenstein does not, in any full-bodied sense of the term, 'deconstruct'.
The trace of legal idealism in Derrida's grammatology
Authors: Conklin William E.
Published: March 2007

Against a background of Heidegger's project of tracing the other back through the history of metaphysics, Derrida attempts to think the other as outside of identity or presencing philosophy. The other is neither present nor absent. The other is differance with an 'a'. In his important essay 'Differance', Derrida suggests that whereas difference presupposes identity, differance with an 'a' is a 'middle voice' which precedes and sets up the opposition between identity and non-identity. The soft 'a' refers to the production of differences, and the 'differences between differences'. Derrida calls this preceding moment before metaphysics and before language 'the play of differ ences'.
Adorno on jazz and society
Authors: Lewandowski Joseph D.
Published: March 2007

In this essay I offer a philosophical-political reconstruction of Theodor Adorno's engagements with jazz. Rather than consider whether or not Adorno got jazz 'right', I give an account of how and why Adorno develops the criticisms that he does. I argue that in Adorno's analysis of jazz three interpenetrating claims emerge: (1) a rejection of jazz's sense of improvisation and spontaneity; (2) a demonstration of jazz's entwinement with the modern technologiza tion of everyday life; and (3) a critique of jazz's pseudo-individualiz ing tendencies. I conclude with a brief consideration of the place and critical possibilities of music in Adorno's critique of modernity.
Bourdieu and Foucault on power and modernity
Authors: Cronin Ciaran
Published: March 2007

Foucault's theory of disciplinary power and Bourdieu's theory of symbolic power are among the most innovative attempts in recent social thought to come to terms with the increasingly elusive character of power in modern society. Both theories are based on cri tiques of subject-centered analyses of power and offer original accounts of modern social institutions. But Foucault's critique of the subject is so radical that it makes it impossible to identify any deter minate social location of the exercise of power or of resistance to its operations. Bourdieu's theory of practice in terms of the symbolically mediated interaction between the habitus and social structure avoids these problems by connecting relations of domination both to identi fiable social agents and to the institutions of the modern state. However, Bourdieu's strategic model of social action remains too narrow to allow for the possibility of autonomous agency and an emancipatory political praxis. The theory of symbolic power must be supplemented by a normative conception of practical reason if its emancipatory potential is to be realized.
Rereading Hannah Arendt's Kant Lectures
Authors: Beiner Ronald
Published: March 2007

This paper offers a restatement of the basic project of Hannah Arendt's Lectures on Kant's Political Philosophy, tries to trace its theoretical motivation, and presents some criticisms of Arendt's interpretation of Kant's Critique of Judgment. Arendt's political philosophy as a whole is an attempt to ground the idea of human dignity on the publicly displayed 'words and deeds' that con stitute the realm of human affairs. This project involves a philo sophical response both to Plato's impugning of the dignity of the polis and to Hegel's founding of modern historicism. The Kant Lectures bring this philosophical project to its completion because the enact ment of public deeds presupposes a company of judging spectators who draw meaning from the spectacle by judging and appreciating what is enacted. But this conception, precisely because it relates so deeply to Arendt's own theoretical impulse, leads to a sometimes onesided and misleading reading of Kant.
Forget vitalism
Authors: Ransom John S.
Published: March 2007

Recent interpretations of Michel Foucault's work have leaned heavily on a reading that can be traced back to the 'vital ist/mechanist' debate in the philosophy of science from earlier in this century. Friends (Gilles Deleuze) and enemies (Jürgen Habermas) both read Foucault as a kind of vitalist, championing repressed and unrealized life-forces against a burdensome facticity. This reading of Foucault, however, comes with a prohibitively high cost: the giving up of Foucault's most trenchant insights regarding the nature of power. In fact, Foucault has a quite different relation to the history and philosophy of science than the one ascribed to him by critics.
Richard Rorty and the problem of cruelty
Authors: Haliburton Rachel
Published: March 2007

Truth, the pragmatist claims, is something we make, not something which corresponds to reality. If this view of truth is accepted, Rorty notes, two problems arise: the pragmatist will have little to say to those who abuse others, because he or she will not be able to point to some universal standards that the abusers are vio lating ; and the torturers may be able to quote pragmatic principles in their own defence. Rorty argues that the pragmatist can reduce cruelty by splitting himself or herself into public and private parts. I examine this problem and Rorty's solution. I argue that his solution fails for two reasons: first, keeping our public and private selves apart is unlikely to reduce cruelty; and, second, he cannot maintain the public/private split. Consequently, Rorty is unable to deal with the anti-pragmatic criticism that his theory of truth could lead to an increase in cruelty.
Materiality and language
Authors: Olkowski Dorothea
Published: March 2007

In Bodies That Matter Judith Butler reflects upon the relationship between women and materiality in the context of the history of philosophy. She points to the presumption of the material irreducibility of sex as the ground of feminist epistemology and ethics and analyses of gender. She also finds a similarity between Aristotle's principles of formativity and intelligibility and Foucault's discussion of how discourse materializes bodies. While Butler's analysis reveals much about the history of philosophy with regard to the discourse on matter and women, nonetheless, she appears to begin with the notion of bodies as largely passive, even negative entities. Addition ally, her analysis also implies that principles of formativity and intel ligibility are historically contingent. This essay seeks to undermine those two positions in preparation for inaugurating a positive theory of fluid structures.
'Like a tangled mobile'
Authors: Horowitz Asher
Published: March 2007

Habermas' claim to provide a critique of reification by means other than marxian ones requires him to transpose not only meaningful freedom, but also a dialectical view of social becoming, into terms com patible with linguistically mediated intersubjectivity. In order to remain critical of reification as colonization, he thus finds himself committed to the view that colonization is the outcome of the development of two perma nent and competing principles of sociation. Compelled to draw upon the resources both of the dialectical tradition and of transcendental pragmat ics, the theory of communicative action is thereby constrained to remain both quasi-dialectical and quasi-transcendental. This founding gesture generates, in turn, at least two unavoidable aporias. The first can be under stood as a radical and structural deficit for critical judgement concerning the interplay among the decentered cognitive value spheres. The second is an inversion of the apparent claim of accessing a 'reason beyond reason' of which he accuses Horkheimer and Adorno. It shows up in the logical and epistemological problems surrounding the relation between performative contradiction and the status of his theory. Taken together, these theories signal that the theory of communicative action, rather than amounting to a transcendence of earlier approaches to reification, is simply a parallel, but one which becomes less than fully two-dimensional.
What is a validity claim?
Authors: Heath Joseph
Published: March 2007

Even though the concept of a 'validity claim' is central to Habermas's theory of communicative action, he has never given a precise definition of the term. He has stated only that truth is a type of validity claim, and that rightness and sincerity are analogous to truth. This paper explores the basis of this analogy, arguing that rightness and sincerity must share at least two characteristics with the truth predicate: each must be the designated value in an appropriate system of logic, and each must serve as the 'central notion' in a theory of meaning for some corresponding class of speech acts. It is these two characteristics that establish the internal connec tion between understanding and justification that Habermas's more general project requires. However, there is an unnoticed tension between these two characteristics, since the relative autonomy of linguistic meaning from specific contexts of use appears to require that speech acts be governed by a uniform logic, and thus by a single validity claim.
Charles Taylor's transcendental arguments for liberal communitarianism
Authors: Yong Huang
Published: March 2007

This paper sees Charles Taylor's moral discourse as a version of liberal communitarianism, an attempt to reconcile liberalism and communitarianism, by examining his three transcendental arguments: the liberal transcendence from the parochial to the universal; the communi tarian transcendence from the instinctual to the ontological; and the theistic transcendence from the good to God. While this liberal communi tarianism absorbs some great insights from both liberalism and communi tarianism and overcomes some of their respective weaknesses, it fails to avoid their common dichotomy of the good and the right because Taylor's fundamentally communitarian commitment leads him to believe that there must be a universal ontological (religious or metaphysical) idea of the good as the foundation for any needed universal social and political idea of the right.
Foucault's history of the present as self-referential knowledge acquisition
Authors: Baert Patrick
Published: March 2007

Underlying this article is the conviction that social scientists typically take on board a too restrictive concept of knowledge acquisition. The paper propounds a new concept of knowledge acquisition, one which is self-referential (i.e. which affects one's presuppositions) and which draws upon the unfamiliar to reveal and undercut the familiar. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it is to show that this concept of knowledge acqui sition is already anticipated by Foucault, that it is a major concern of his, and that it is a common thread throughout his work. Consequently, a new light can be thrown on both Foucault's archaeology and his genealogy: both are directed towards a self-referential form of knowledge, and as such the two periods are shown to have more in common than conventionally assumed. Second (and conversely), the aim of the paper is to elucidate this self-referential type of knowledge by showing how it is used by Foucault.
Runaway Children and Their Families
Authors: Orten James D. , Soll Sharon Kelts
Published: March 2007

RESEARCH on runaway children in America has, to date, offered limited help to practitioners who work with such young people and their families. A typology that will facilitate the organization of factual data is needed. Using a broad historical perspective, this article analyzes the development of the problem and recent dramatic increases in the number of runaways. A typology is presented that classifies runaways according to the level of alienation between child and family and the degree to which the child has internalized running as a response to stressful situations. Treatment suggestions appropriate to each category are discussed.
Reconsidering the Dual-Career Marriage A Longitudinal Approach
Authors: Poloma Margaret M. , Pendleton Brian F. , Garland T. Neal
Published: March 2007

THE topic of dual-career families has been approached by numerous researchers since the publication of Rapoport and Rapoport's (1969) pioneering work. Most have utilized a cross-sectional research design. This article attempts to add a longitudinal dimension by reporting data collected in 1977 from 45 professional women who were originally interviewed in 1969. Their career and family patterns are investigated in terms of the family life cycle proposed by Duvall (1971) and a fourfold typology introduced here. It appears that the professional careers of these women have been influenced to some extent by marriage, but to a considerable extent by the presence of children. Many of the respondents voiced the opinion that while combining a professional career, marriage, and motherhood is very appealing in ideal terms, in reality it may require a "superwoman" to do so in the face of current American cultural norms.
Problems of Interest To Administrators
Authors: Brown A.A.
Published: March 2007

[In formulating discussion programs it is worth while to find out what prob lems are actually in the minds of principals. This is what Mr. Brown, the Colorado Coordinator, has done. Inquiries were made to find out what the administrators of the state considered most important, and the problems they wished to discuss during the coming year. The following are the questions suggested from the field.—Editor.]
The War-time Program at Shorewood High School
Authors: Rahn Grant
Published: March 2007

This article is an example of the type of information that is being prepared for secondary-school pupils in order that they may be able to make better choices in the selection of their program of studies during a school year as well as on a long-term basis for the remainder of their secondary-school period. In times such as these when youth are faced with rapidly changing conditions, wise guidance must be given them by the school. Here the author's school has attempted to give its pupils the best guidance so that pupils may give serious thought to the selection of such courses as will enable them to serve their country best and at the same time serve their own immediate as well as future needs. This article as well as the one immediately following are examples of what the school can do in addition to aiding pupils through the personal contacts of the guidance counselor and classroom teachers. This message is directed primarily to the boys of the' sophomore, junior, and senior classes, but girls too may well give it their close attention, for it has implications for them also.—EDITOR.
Education for International Security
Authors: Kefauver Grayson N.
Published: March 2007

Consideration and study have been given by outstanding leaders in education in the United States and by representatives from many other countries in the formulation of plans for education on an inter national basis to assure world peace and security. The proposals that follow give a com plete account of the International Education Assem bly that was held at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, September 14-17, 1943. It is recommended that secondary-school administrators become thoroughly informed about the proposals and plans for world educa tion that will provide a philosophy of education for enduring peace. Faculty groups and other educational organizations could study and discuss these proposals and plans profitably—The Editor.
Evaluating Military Experience for School Credit
Authors: McElroy Howard C.
Published: March 2007

Many questions are raised by Dr. McElroy, regarding secondary-school credit for military experience, which are answered at least partially, in "Secondary-School Credit for Military Experience," by Paul E. Elicker, found in this issue of THE BULLETIN. —Editor.
The Philippines
Authors: Arndt C.O.
Published: March 2007

To meet the many requests from schools for teaching materials, aids, and references on the Philippine Islands, this list was prepared by Dr. C. O. Arndt, specialist in Far Eastern Education. Schools will find this list helpful in the selection of materials for such a study. Reprints are available through the U. S. Office of Education.—The Editor of THE BULLETIN Of the National Association of Secondary School Principals of the National Education Association, Washington 6, D. C.
Thailand
Authors: Arndt C.O.
Published: March 2007

To meet the many requests from schools for teaching materials, aids, and references on Thailand, this list was prepared by Dr. C. O. Arndt, specialist in Far Eastern Education. Schools will find this list helpful in the selection of materials for a study of Thailand. Reprints are available through the U. S. Office of Education.—The Editor.
Imperative Need Number 7
Authors: Ryan H.H.
Published: March 2007

All youth need opportunities to develop their capacities to appreciate beauty in literature, art, music, and nature.
The Administrative Responsibilities for On-the-Job Training of Pupil-Personnel Workers
Authors: Zeran Franklin R. , Jones Galen
Published: March 2007

This article and the two succeeding articles on pupil personnel work were specially prepared by the same authors for those en gaged in the development of effective personnel practices in the secondary school.
A. Supervised Correspondence Instruction as an Integral Part of the High School Program
Authors: Broady K.O.
Published: March 2007

ASSUME now—on the basis of the evidence only partially presented in Chapter I—that we can safely assign a pupil to supervised correspondence study for certain purposes: that he will be well taught.

What, then, are the administrative uses to which this good, new tool may be put? You have seen a few of them listed al ready, but in this chapter let's take a more detailed look at the possibilities that have revealed themselves.
The Youngest is Graduated
Authors: Adler Walter
Published: March 2007

Schools today receive hundreds of letters from parents praising the work of the school. It is seldom that we see such letters in our daily newspapers or national commercial magazines. The following is a letter received by the Providence, Rhode Island, Public Schools from a parent, a well-known lawyer in Providence, who has three daughters, the youngest of whom was graduated last spring from the Providence High School. This letter is reproduced, by permission, from the June, 1954, issue of "Our Public Schools," a 4-page monthly publication of the Providence Department of Public Schools.
Essay Contests Are Educationally Undesirable
Authors: Flury Ablett H.
Published: March 2007

This statement of position regarding Essay Contests was prepared at the request of the Committee on National Con tests and Activities. It has been approved by the Committee as well as by the Executive Committee of the National Asso ciation of Secondary-School Principals. Therefore, it can be considered as representing the position of the NASSP toward Essay Contests.
The High School We Need
Authors: Wiles Kimball , Patterson Franklin
Published: March 2007

UNIVERSAL education should be provided for all youth through the high-school years.

The educational system should enable youth to secure the type of experiences which develop the personal, social, and vocational competencies needed in our society.

Various community agencies should be available to serve the educational needs of youth.

A suitable program should be provided by the secondary school for all youth assigned to it through the legal authority of the community.

Each youth should be free to select his vocational goals and pursue an educational program leading to these goals.1
State and the High Schools
Authors: Cramer Martin G.
Published: March 2007

When problems or needs arise in connection with the development of instruction on world affairs, don't call your Congressman. Try the Department of State instead. Mr. Cramer tells what you can reasonably expect to get for your trouble.
Improving the New Geography Through Evaluation
Authors: Kurfman Dana
Published: March 2007

This article describes the systematic approach used by the High School Geography Project to assure that its work actually produces the re sults hoped for. Evaluation has grown and changed in recent years along with other changes in the instructional program. Kurf man provides an insight into the difficulties encountered and techniques developed to over come them.
The Junior High "School World": A Shadow Study
Authors: Powell Richard H. , Roberson E. Wayne
Published: March 2007

Sometimes it's difficult to see the trees because the forest is so large and dense. The "shadow study" technique is one way to make individual boys and girls stand out as something more than just members of the student body.
A Junior High Team: Principal and Psychologist
Authors: Coulson John M. , Paymer Sylvia S.
Published: March 2007

More and more school districts are employing full-time psychologists. Often, though, their effectiveness is limited because their rela tions with building principals are inadequately defined. These authors from their own ex perience testify that a true principal-psychologist team can be created.
Best Books of 1966 on Vocational Guidance
Authors: Hoppock Robert
Published: March 2007

Once again Professor Hoppock provides his annual, discriminating advice to BULLETIN readers on the more significant books on voca tional guidance that appeared in the last twelve months.
The Comprehensive High School: A Further Look
Authors: Conant James B.
Published: March 2007

"We focused on the comprehensive high school. It is an American invention and continues to be typical of American public secondary educa tion. Because of its importance to the future of our society, I for one hope and believe it should continue to flourish."
A Principal's Case for Consumer Education
Authors: Natella Arthur A.
Published: March 2007

This is a statement by one principal who has consumed enough consumer education to know that it belongs on the regular educational diet of his school.
A State Education Department Lends a Hand
Authors: Idleman Hillis K.
Published: March 2007

A state education department responds to a consumer need that had been highlighted by the experiences of the state's attorney general.
C.A.S.E. for Economic Literacy
Authors: Jones Galen
Published: March 2007

For more than a decade an NASSP- sponsored program has been contributing to the growing economic literacy of American young people.
A Principal's Role in Curriculum Development
Authors: Walen Harry L.
Published: March 2007

"Many people must contribute their talents if a school is to be successful. But preeminent among them, I believe, is a principal who... gives constant critical leadership and support to those who are really doing the job of keeping the school up-to-date."
Whither the Middle School- or Whether?
Authors: Trump J. Lloyd
Published: March 2007

An innovator reviews two new books about an innovation: The American Middle School—An Organizational Analysis, by Samuel H. Popper, and Perspectives on the Middle School, by M. Ann Grooms.
The Experimental Study of Achievement Motivation
Authors: Weiner Bernard
Published: March 2007

This discussion of the research findings that are beginning to accumulate relating to achieve ment motivation—a matter of great moment to a profession that stresses the significance of motivation—was prepared for the BULLETIN by one of the leading researchers in this field.
Have We Passed the Buck?
Authors: Thomas Eugene S.
Published: March 2007

As part of a special project, the author has recorded on tape unrehearsed and unprompted interviews with 271 boys and girls known to the Juvenile Courts in Michigan. This article reflects his analysis of those interviews as they affect school people.
A Path to Audiovisual Literacy
Authors: Levison Melvin E.
Published: March 2007

Films have been on the educational scene for many school generations. But as with books, we still have not learned as much as we might about how best to "read" this source of infor mation for comprehension as well as for speed.
Teachers' Need Patterns and the Administrator
Authors: Goldman Harvey , Heald James E.
Published: March 2007

"One of the principal's major functions is to help teachers improve the quality of instruc tion.... A major goal of the principal is to help teachers utilize their personalities more effectively within the classroom...."
Leadership for Guidance and Personnel Services
Authors: Liddle Gordon P. , Ferguson Donald G.
Published: March 2007

Although the campaign to reinforce the profes sional staffs of our schools by adding specialists in various service fields has not yet resulted in victory in every sector, it has progresssed far enough to bring to light a new challenge: How can these new services be most effectively orga nized and directed?
Staff Development Practices and Potentials
Authors: Wing Lucy
Published: March 2007

Strengthening the personnel services available in a school involves more than merely adding specialists of this and that kind. The services themselves and their use in a school setting are so new that in-service programs of staff develop ment are essential.
Role of Pupil Services with Significant Adults
Authors: Shaw Merville C.
Published: March 2007

Research is starting to show that not only can the effectiveness of the specialist be extended by making use of paraprofessionals, but that under certain circumstances the pupil personnel specialist can provide unquestionably satis factory service without direct contact with students themselves.
New York State's Program in the Health Sciences
Authors: Sinacore John S.
Published: March 2007

"The objective of the New York State program is to replace the apple-a-day approach to health education with a program in the health sciences truly founded on ... sophisticated disciplines."
The Comprehensive High School: The Challenge of an Ideal
Authors: Conant James B.
Published: March 2007

"The widely comprehensive high school as an instrument of democracy today, as never previ ously, stands before educators and laymen as a challenging ideal."
Leadership for Transformation
Authors: Angell George W.
Published: March 2007

"Leadership for transformation is a rare skill, but each of us must begin his own transforma tion from being an 'authoritative educator' to becoming an 'educational authority.'"
Individualizing the Teaching of Teachers
Authors: Gill Margaret
Published: March 2007

"When emphasis in teacher preparation actually moves to the individual teacher and to an in dividualized plan for his learning, continuous but changing as it must be throughout his career, teaching can then without question take its place as one of the professions."
Thoughts and Predictions on the Principalship
Authors: Austin David B.
Published: March 2007

"Yesterday's schools are not good enough for today's needs, and it is equally certain that this year's school and this year's school administrator are not going to be good enough for the times we are moving into. To fill his office, literally and figuratively, a high school principal must be able to do more than handle a bag of age- old tricks.
Youth Unemployment: An Economic Analysis
Authors: Folk Hugh
Published: March 2007

In the course of his detailed analysis of some of the hard facts on youth unemployment, Professor Folk disposes of some popular myths. He says, for example, " ... it is part of the folklore of youth unemployment that an unemployed youth becomes an unemployed adult. There is no evidence to support this myth."
A Stance of the Principal During Negotiatory Conflict
Authors: Hollister William G.
Published: March 2007

"Experience suggests that wise, cool-headed, established leaders can influence the outcome of negotiatory struggle to the extent of determin ing whether it will be destructive revolution or constructive evolution, whereby the organization breaks through to new levels of responsible in teraction."
Sing Along with the Grant Brothers
Authors: Colman John E. , Sampson Jean
Published: March 2007

All the people named in this spoof of the grant- getting system are, of course, fictitious except Irving Goldberg. Mr. Goldberg, at this writing, is the Acting Assistant to the Secretary for Public Affairs of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. He has very graciously contributed not only his name but also a num ber of the parodies used here.
Audiovisual Specialists in Team Teaching Programs
Authors: Moreland Ernest F.
Published: March 2007

"As a group, the audiovisual specialists in the [ exemplary] team teaching schools were not released for a sufficient time to provide ade quate services for team teachers and students. Only one school provided for a full-time AV specialist." So goes an assessment of the efforts being made to provide audiovisual media in even the most forward-looking schools. Mr. Moreland, through revealing the results of a recent study, convinces us that audiovisual media are not being employed to education's greatest benefit.
Needed: A Revolution in Civic Education
Authors: Gibson John S.
Published: March 2007

"Perhaps it is because we have not listened very well that we find many young people not ac cepting the behaviors we feel to be so vital to the basic nature of our democratic society.... Beards and sideburns, miniskirts and beads are, to many of us, visible evidence of the erratic behavior of youth ... whereas, in actuality, such patterns of appearance are often only messages telling us they want to be different-to be them selves."
Economic Understanding for Effective Citizenship
Authors: Bower Marvin
Published: March 2007

"Since an increasing proportion of our national, local, and individual choices must be based on economic concepts and economic reasoning, more-as well as more effective-economic edu cation in our secondary schools is going to be required. An economically illiterate electorate cannot be expected to vote wisely on economic issues."
The Community and the Schools
Authors: Zimmerman Herbert M.
Published: March 2007

"No one can deny that the big city educational bureaucracy in which most of us grew up, to which we returned in our professional capaci ties, and in which we now feel threatened, did, in fact, grow too distant. There is unquestionably a need for reconnecting the public to this bu reaucracy."
The Principal's Stake in Professional Negotiations
Authors: Addelston Lorraine W.
Published: March 2007

"Polarization has resulted from the agitation for immediate decentralization and immediate shift of control and immediate licensing of minority group representatives without regard to previous conditions of eligibility. In the negotiations of the educational authorities with the community representatives, the principals, whose stake is tremendous, must be represented."
The Overrated Threat
Authors: Sullivan Robert J.
Published: March 2007

Robert J. Sullivan advocates freedom of speech for minors. Even when it galls the taxpayers, the school board, or the principal. He realizes, however, that libel must be, and obscenity should be, avoided. He believes that a rational, logical, and understanding approach to the critical stu dent's desire to express himself can bring the rapprochement devoutly to be wished.
Working Class Youth: Alienation Without an Image
Authors: Simon William , Gagnon John H. , Carns Donald
Published: March 2007

"The images of Holden Caulfield and poor Ben jamin the Graduate have become commonplace. So has the discovery of Claude Brown. Perhaps what is missing is a portrait of Studs Lonigan, a Studs frustrated, however, not by a depression but by the more ambiguous context of an afflu ent society."
Work Experience: The Necessary Link
Authors: De Pianta Harold J.
Published: March 2007

"We believe that a major fault of high school education today is that it lacks the realism necessary to stimulate young people to learn. For many students, education is too theoretical and lacks practicality. With this in mind, our program's emphasis is on a combination of school and on-the-job training and experiences for those students needing and desiring them."
The Management Team and Negotiations
Authors: Anderson Lester W.
Published: March 2007

"I see great promise for the improvement of our schools in the adoption of the Management Team idea. But it is not an idea that can be evaluated in isolation. More specifically, how educational personnel are grouped for purposes of professional negotiations will be a substan tially influential factor in determining the feasi bility and effectiveness of such a team."
Why Should Whitey Care About the Ghetto?
Authors: Maynor Dorothy
Published: March 2007

"A lot has happened since black field hands sang from sunup to sundown in the cotton fields of Georgia.... Anybody who supposes that the ghetto is still the fertile breeding place of min strel antics simply does not know what is going on among those who live there."
Developing Team Teaching in Physical Education
Authors: Reams David , Bleier T.J.
Published: March 2007

The Dade County Public Schools have used the multiple teacher approach in physical education successfully. Two participating staff members here describe their program in enough detail to encourage others to consider reorganizing this major secondary school curriculum area in their schools.
The Nature of the Aesthetic and Human Values
Authors: Tsugawa Albert
Published: March 2007

"When one's environment is arranged with the sole goal of making it beautiful, the results are likely to be dull, just as the search for pleasure and fun turns out to be so pointless and dis appointing. What is at fault in our American environment is not that it is unbeautiful, but that it is so uniform."
Where Should We Be Going in Industrial Arts?
Authors: Seckendorf Robert S.
Published: March 2007

"... We do not have a program of industrial arts education; we have a collection of courses without a clearly defined set of sequential ac tivities leading to one over-all goal. What we need is ... a program based on a ... set of under standings and principles, rather than on tools, materials, and skill development."
Teaching Preventive Law
Authors: Gibson William M.
Published: March 2007

"Most young people see law in terms of crim inal law. All too often the true significance and beauty of an ordered society are not appreciated. Their attitudes towards society are formulated around the very thing which goes against the grain of the adolescent years-authority as rep resented by the do's and dont's of criminal law. We, then, as educators, are accordingly obligated to nudge criminal law... into its appropriate place in the overall legal system and governing scheme. It must be taught as a part of the system, but not as the entire system."
Working with Youth: Some Operational Principles and Youth Values
Authors: Kvaraceus William C.
Published: March 2007

"Only when youth begin to serve themselves and the community can we expect to slow the rising rate of juvenile delinquency, the deepening alienation, and drug addiction, among this sec tor of the population."