bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bias-Aware Design for Informed Decisions: Raising Awareness of Self-Selection Bias in User Ratings and Reviews
Authors: Zhu Qian , Lo Leo Yu-Ho , Xia Meng , Chen Zixin , Ma Xiaojuan
Published: November 2022

People often take user ratings/reviews into consideration when shopping for products or services online. However, such user-generated data contains self-selection bias that could affect people's decisions and it is hard to resolve this issue completely by algorithms. In this work, we propose to raise people's awareness of the self-selection bias by making three types of information concerning user ratings/reviews transparent. We distill these three pieces of information, i.e., reviewers' experience, the extremity of emotion, and reported aspect(s), from the definition of self-selection bias and exploration of related literature. We further conduct an online survey to assess people's perceptions of the usefulness of such information and identify the exact facets (e.g., negative emotion) people care about in their decision process. Then, we propose a visual design to make such details behind user reviews transparent and integrate the design into an experimental website for evaluation. The results of a between-subjects study demonstrate that our bias-aware design significantly increases people's awareness of bias and their satisfaction with decision-making. We further offer a series of design implications for improving information transparency and awareness of bias in user-generated content.
Spotlights: Designs for Directing Learners' Attention in a Large-Scale Social Annotation Platform
Authors: Almahmoud Jumana , Jahanbakhsh Farnaz , Facciotti Marc , Igo Michele , Sripathi Kamali , Gal Kobi , Karger David
Published: November 2022

A new approach to online discussion, which situates student discussions in the margins of the course content, can enhance student engagement with course materials. However, in high-enrollment classes, the large number of comments can overwhelm and intimidate students. Some become frustrated by the volume of potential online interactions and by a perceived lack of immediate relevance to their studies. Likewise, instructors are disappointed when outstanding discussions, that they deem valuable for all to see, get lost in the clutter.

To address these challenges, we propose visual spotlighting mechanisms for increasing the saliency of selected comments. We piloted and deployed multiple designs in two high-enrollment biology courses at a large public university in the United States. Interviews, surveys, and a controlled experiment show that spotlighting relevant comments in heavily annotated texts positively affects students' engagement, measured in terms of their attention to comments, and their reported sense of validation and pride. Students also reported their preferences for certain spotlighting designs.
Using HCI in Cross-Disciplinary Teams: A Case Study of Academic Collaboration in HCI-Health Teams in the US Using a Team Science Perspective
Authors: Agapie Elena , Haldar Shefali , Poblete Sharmaine G.
Published: November 2022

Human-centered computing research has been increasingly applied to address important challenges in the health domain. Conducting research in cross-disciplinary teams can come with a lot of challenges in integrating knowledge across fields. Yet, we do not know what challenges HCI researchers encounter in building collaborations with health researchers, and how these researchers negotiate challenges while balancing their professional goals. We interviewed 17 early- and mid-career HCI faculty working in the United States who conducted research in collaboration with health researchers. Drawing from a Team Science framework, we share participants' lived experiences and identify major challenges that HCI researchers encounter when finding, collaborating with, and negotiating with health collaborators when building technologies. We propose ways to better support research collaboration aimed at designing technologies using human-centered computing approaches. This includes strategies to support HCI researchers at individual, institutional, research community, and funding agencies levels through tools to translate disciplinary approaches. We suggest institutional policies to support HCI researchers through training, networking, and promotion.
Who's in the Crowd Matters: Cognitive Factors and Beliefs Predict Misinformation Assessment Accuracy
Authors: Kaufman Robert A. , Haupt Michael Robert , Dow Steven P.
Published: November 2022

Misinformation runs rampant on social media and has been tied to adverse health behaviors such as vaccine hesitancy. Crowdsourcing can be a means to detect and impede the spread of misinformation online. However, past studies have not deeply examined the individual characteristics - such as cognitive factors and biases - that predict crowdworker accuracy at identifying misinformation. In our study (n = 265), Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) workers and university students assessed the truthfulness and sentiment of COVID-19 related tweets as well as answered several surveys on personal characteristics. Results support the viability of crowdsourcing for assessing misinformation and content stance (i.e., sentiment) related to ongoing and politically-charged topics like the COVID-19 pandemic, however, alignment with experts depends on who is in the crowd. Specifically, we find that respondents with high Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) scores, conscientiousness, and trust in medical scientists are more aligned with experts while respondents with high Need for Cognitive Closure (NFCC) and those who lean politically conservative are less aligned with experts. We see differences between recruitment platforms as well, as our data shows university students are on average more aligned with experts than MTurk workers, most likely due to overall differences in participant characteristics on each platform. Results offer transparency into how crowd composition affects misinformation and stance assessment and have implications on future crowd recruitment and filtering practices.
Can Humans Detect Malicious Always-Listening Assistants? A Framework for Crowdsourcing Test Drives
Authors: Malkin Nathan , Wagner David , Egelman Serge
Published: November 2022

As intelligent voice assistants become more widespread and the scope of their listening increases, they become attractive targets for attackers. In the future, a malicious actor could train voice assistants to listen to audio outside their purview, creating a threat to users' privacy and security. How can this misbehavior be detected? Due to the ambiguities of natural language, people may need to work in conjunction with algorithms to determine whether a given conversation should be heard. To investigate how accurately humans can perform this task, we developed a framework for people to conduct "Test Drives" of always-listening services: after submitting sample conversations, users receive instant feedback about whether these would have been captured. Leveraging a Wizard of Oz interface, we conducted a study with 200 participants to determine whether they could detect one of four types of attacks on three different services. We studied the behavior of individuals, as well as groups working collaboratively, and investigated the effects of task framing on performance. We found that individuals were able to successfully detect malicious apps at varying rates (7.5% to 75%), depending on the type of malicious attack, and that groups were highly successful when considered collectively. Our results suggest that the Test Drive framework can be an effective tool for studying user behaviors and concerns, as well as a potentially welcome addition to voice assistant app stores, where it could decrease privacy concerns surrounding always-listening services.
Collaboration Challenges and Technology Opportunities at the Intersection of Perinatal and Mental Health Journeys
Authors: Haldar Shefali , Studd Hannah , Wong Novia , Mohr David C. , Reddy Madhu , Miller Emily S.
Published: November 2022

Collaborative Care Programs (CCPs) integrate mental health services into primary care settings to help patients access much needed treatment. Technologies could increase the effectiveness of CCPs, but we know little about what collaboration challenges technologies must address in this complex clinical setting. To investigate these challenges and technology opportunities, we conducted interviews and contextual inquiries with 30 patients and providers in an obstetric CCP. Using the Parallel Journeys Framework as a lens, we uncover new collaboration challenges (e.g., weighing risks and benefits of treatment, conflicting opinions and ambiguous responsibilities) at the intersection of patients' obstetric and psychosocial care journeys. We discuss new CSCW implications and technology opportunities, such as the importance of addressing support gaps in cyclical experiences, and the need to resolve provider conflicts to refocus on patient needs. These contributions inform how technologies can support patient engagement and collaboration with providers to access and receive treatment, as well as improve health outcomes.
Datavoidant: An AI System for Addressing Political Data Voids on Social Media
Authors: Flores-Saviaga Claudia , Feng Shangbin , Savage Saiph
Published: November 2022

The limited information (data voids) on political topics relevant to underrepresented communities has facilitated the spread of disinformation. Independent journalists who combat disinformation in underrepresented communities have reported feeling overwhelmed because they lack the tools necessary to make sense of the information they monitor and address the data voids. In this paper, we present a system to identify and address political data voids within underrepresented communities. Armed with an interview study, indicating that the independent news media has the potential to address them, we designed an intelligent collaborative system, called Datavoidant. Datavoidant uses state-of-the-art machine learning models and introduces a novel design space to provide independent journalists with a collective understanding of data voids to facilitate generating content to cover the voids. We performed a user interface evaluation with independent news media journalists (N=22). These journalists reported that Datavoidant's features allowed them to more rapidly while easily having a sense of what was taking place in the information ecosystem to address the data voids. They also reported feeling more confident about the content they created and the unique perspectives they had proposed to cover the voids. We conclude by discussing how Datavoidant enables a new design space wherein individuals can collaborate to make sense of their information ecosystem and actively devise strategies to prevent disinformation.
Digital Mental Health and Social Connectedness
Authors: Ayobi Amid , Eardley Rachel , Soubutts Ewan , Gooberman-Hill Rachael , Craddock Ian , O'Kane Aisling Ann
Published: November 2022

A detailed understanding of the mental health needs of people from refugee backgrounds is crucial for the design of inclusive mental health technologies. We present a qualitative account of the digital mental health experiences of women from refugee backgrounds. Working with community members and community workers of a charitable organisation for refugee women in the UK, we identify social and structural challenges, including loneliness and access to mental health technologies. Participants' accounts document their collective agency in addressing these challenges and supporting social connectedness and personal wellbeing in daily life: participants reported taking part in community activities as volunteers, sharing technological expertise, and using a wide range of non-mental health-focused technologies to support their mental health, from playing games to supporting religious practices. Our findings suggest that, rather than focusing only on individual self-care, research also needs to leverage community-driven approaches to foster social mental health experiences, from altruism to connectedness and belonging.
Digital Storytelling for Developing Computer Skills in Rural Appalachia
Authors: Jonas Rebecca M. , Hanrahan Benjamin V.
Published: November 2022

As we built and deployed a digital storytelling system to teach digital literacy skills to rural Appalachians, we discovered key opportunities and challenges to promoting digital literacy in this region. We identified that the importance of storytelling in Appalachian culture made digital storytelling an effective means of teaching these skills to residents. However, the poor technology infrastructure at our study site posed challenges to our participants' ability to use technology and learn new skills. We found that poor infrastructure reinforces low self-efficacy, discouraging participants from using technology. In environments where computers are often slow and unreliable, it is not possible to form realistic expectations of how a computer should act. Therefore, it becomes difficult for users to untangle if the issues they encounter are because of usage errors or the technology. These findings highlight how infrastructure and self-efficacy should be accounted for together when conducting rural HCI research.
Engaging with Under-Resourced Communities for User Research through Self-Authored Videos
Authors: Vyas Dhaval , Durrant Abigail C. , Vines John
Published: November 2022

The conventional 'participant-as-informant' model of user research has recently been challenged by approaches that advocate for participants to have a greater authorial control over narratives that portray their lived experiences. This is particularly important for addressing relationships of power and representation. Informed by narrative approaches in social work, we report on a study exploring the use of self-authored videos captured by 16 participants from under-resourced communities. Participants portrayed their mundane life experiences in a form of a video biography. Co-analysis of resulting videos showed that video biographies were used for: authentic representation of daily routines and life stories; portrayal of DIY identities; and promoting living well. Findings show how the self-authored biographies afforded participants a vehicle for challenging cultural stereotypes often associated with the research population. We further demonstrate the value of video-based approaches in user research for illuminating mundane life through rich autobiographical narratives.
Impact of Annotator Demographics on Sentiment Dataset Labeling
Authors: Ding Yi , You Jacob , Machulla Tonja-Katrin , Jacobs Jennifer , Sen Pradeep , Höllerer Tobias
Published: November 2022

As machine learning methods become more powerful and capture more nuances of human behavior, biases in the dataset can shape what the model learns and is evaluated on. This paper explores and attempts to quantify the uncertainties and biases due to annotator demographics when creating sentiment analysis datasets. We ask >1000 crowdworkers to provide their demographic information and annotations for multimodal sentiment data and its component modalities. We show that demographic differences among annotators impute a significant effect on their ratings, and that these effects also occur in each component modality. We compare predictions of different state-of-the-art multimodal machine learning algorithms against annotations provided by different demographic groups, and find that changing annotator demographics can cause >4.5 in accuracy difference when determining positive versus negative sentiment. Our findings underscore the importance of accounting for crowdworker attributes, such as demographics, when building datasets, evaluating algorithms, and interpreting results for sentiment analysis.
Multi-stakeholder Perspectives on Digital Tools for U.S. Asylum Applicants Seeking Healthcare and Legal Information
Authors: Bhandari Aparajita , Freed Diana , Pilato Tara , Taki Faten , Kaur Gunisha , Yale-Loehr Stephen , Powers Jane , Long Tao , Bazarova Natalya N.
Published: November 2022

There is a concerning lack of clear and accurate information around accessing public benefits for asylum applicants in the United States (U.S.), which has been shown to negatively affect their healthcare engagement. Digital tools such as websites and mobile applications can be a potentially promising way to disseminate public benefits information to asylum applicants. The goal of this study is to understand the current informational needs of asylum applicants in the U.S. seeking legal information and resources regarding their individual rights to public health benefits and services. Through semi-structured interviews with 24 asylum applicants currently in the U.S. and 13 healthcare and legal professionals working with asylum applicants and other immigrants, we identify four key challenges and barriers to using currently available digital tools: information uncertainty, accessibility, emotional barriers, and contextual sensitivity. Our findings highlight the importance of considering multiple stakeholders' perspectives when designing tools within the immigration informational space. We provide targeted design recommendations to create digital tools for asylum seekers and the stakeholders who support them.
Towards Tangible Algorithms: Exploring the Experiences of Tangible Interactions with Movie Recommender Algorithms
Authors: Alvarado Oscar , Vanden Abeele Vero , Geerts David , Verbert Katrien
Published: November 2022

Artificial Intelligence (AI) supports many of our everyday activities and decisions. However, personalized algorithmic recommendations often produce adverse experiences due to a lack of awareness, control, or transparency. While research has directed solutions on graphical user interfaces (GUIs), there are no explorations of Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) to improve the experience with such systems, despite the valid existing academic arguments in favor of this exploration. Therefore, centering on transparency and control, we analyzed how 18 users of movie recommender systems perceived four different TUIs using individual co-design sessions and post-interview questionnaires. Through thematic analysis, we identified seven design considerations while designing TUIs to interact with algorithmic movie recommender systems: (1) Distinctions between TUIs and GUIs; (2) TUIs replacing predominant interfaces; (3) Preference for single-device TUIs; (4) The relevance of granular control for TUIs; (5) Apparent transparency limitations of TUIs; (6) TUIs and algorithmic social computing; and (7) Overview of specific design choices, including advantages and disadvantages of soft, hard, rounded, cubic, and humanoid interfaces. These findings inspired Recffy: the first functional TUI designed to enhance awareness and control in personalized movie recommendations. Based on this study, we propose the concept of Tangible Algorithms: TUIs dedicated to enhancing the interaction of algorithmic systems and their profiling processes or decisions in a specific context. Furthermore, we describe the relevance of tangible algorithms and design guidelines to promote them in diverse AI contexts. Finally, we invite the HCI and CSCW community to continue exploring tangible algorithms to address the interaction with algorithmic systems, including the collaborative and social computing dynamics they can promote in diverse AI contexts.
Typist Experiment: an Investigation of Human-to-Human Dictation via Role-play to Inform Voice-based Text Authoring
Authors: Liu Can , Hu Siying , Feng Li , Fan Mingming
Published: November 2022

Voice dictation is increasingly used for text entry, especially in mobile scenarios. However, the speech-based experience gets disrupted when users must go back to a screen and keyboard to review and edit the text. While existing dictation systems focus on improving transcription and error correction, little is known about how to support speech input for the entire text creation process, including composition, reviewing and editing. We conducted an experiment in which ten pairs of participants took on the roles of authors and typists to work on a text authoring task. By analysing the natural language patterns of both authors and typists, we identified new challenges and opportunities for the design of future dictation interfaces, including the ambiguity of human dictation, the differences between audio-only and with screen, and various passive and active assistance that can potentially be provided by future systems.
Understanding Risks of Privacy Theater with Differential Privacy
Authors: Smart Mary Anne , Sood Dhruv , Vaccaro Kristen
Published: November 2022

Differential privacy is one of the most popular technologies in the growing area of privacy-conscious data analytics. But differential privacy, along with other privacy-enhancing technologies, may enable privacy theater. In implementations of differential privacy, certain algorithm parameters control the tradeoff between privacy protection for individuals and utility for the data collector; thus, data collectors who do not provide transparency into these parameters may obscure the limited protection offered by their implementation. Through large-scale online surveys, we investigate whether explanations of differential privacy that hide important information about algorithm parameters persuade users to share more browser history data. Surprisingly, we find that the explanations have little effect on individuals' willingness to share data. In fact, most people make up their minds about whether to share before they even learn about the privacy protection.
Understanding the Practices and Challenges of Networked Orchestration in Research Communities of Practice
Authors: Garg Kapil , Gergle Darren , Zhang Haoqi
Published: November 2022

Work and learning communities have become increasingly networked to support their members in developing the skills to solve complex, real-world problems. Though disciplinary knowledge remains important to tackle these problems, working effectively in these modern-day communities of practice demands the ability for one to learn how to access networked support (e.g., venues, tools, resource guides, or peers) throughout the community for one's needs. Against this backdrop, we study networked orchestration--how community members access and learn to access networked supports--in a community of practice for undergraduate research training. Through field observations and in-depth interviews, we find that students in the networked research community dynamically engage with their mentors and peers across multiple venues throughout the week in order to identify, clarify, and resolve their needs. Mentors in the community monitor how students are engaging with the supports available in the network, and provide coaching on effective strategies when students are ineffective on their own. Finally, we surface the challenges involved in each of these processes and offer practical insights for future ecosystem-level networked orchestration technologies that have an understanding of the interactions occurring across the venues and tools in a community, and can support the learning and practice of effective access strategies. Our paper presents important insights for supporting people's work and learning needs in networked future workplaces and learning communities, and provides guidance on designing new technologies for supporting networked ways of working and learning.
User-Centric Privacy Controls for Smart Homes
Authors: Chhetri Chola , Genaro Motti Vivian
Published: November 2022

The widespread adoption of smart home devices (SHD) has increased privacy concerns among users, yet user-friendly controls are lacking. While there is a large body of research focused on understanding privacy concerns and threat models of SHD users, there is limited research so far aimed at informing the development of privacy controls in SHDs. This paper presents the results of 25 interviews focused on characterizing the users' needs for privacy controls. Through qualitative analysis of interview data, we present 7 design factors and 32 sub-factors for the design of privacy controls in SHDs. The interview findings inform the design of a survey that was deployed to 440 adult SHD users to gain quantitative insights on privacy control requirements and to complement the interview findings. Based on the findings, we discuss a privacy control framework that guides designers towards user-centric privacy controls.
"Wearing a High Heel and a House Shoe at the Same Time": Parents' Information Needs While Navigating Change in their Child's Behavioral Care
Authors: Richards Olivia K. , Scott Carol F. , Spiller Allison , Marcu Gabriela
Published: November 2022

Change is an inevitable part of a parent's role, whether due to their child's development, family life, or external events. To understand the information needs of parents navigating change, we studied the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic as a widely experienced disruption in the lives of parents and children. We interviewed 16 parents about their caregiving experience as the COVID-19 pandemic collapsed boundaries between home, school, and work. In particular, we asked about adjustments to behavioral care, or the social learning, supports, and interventions through which children develop social and emotional skills. We focused on parents of children already receiving accommodations and behavioral support from their school, to understand how disruptions in these services affected the role of the parent in meeting their child's individual needs. Applying role theory and the Kübler-Ross change curve, we describe the coping mechanisms that parents used to navigate the stages of change, as well as the information needs that remained unmet, despite their efforts. We discuss how practitioner-initiated and parent-centered supports can be designed around the lived experience of change, by accommodating a parent's capacity to accept and use help at different stages.
Overexpression of Pleckstrin Homology Domain-Containing Family A Member 4 Is Correlated with Poor Prognostic Outcomes and Immune Infiltration in Lower-Grade Glioma
Authors: Huang Baojun , Pan Weijun , Wang Wenchao , Wang Yijian , Liu Pan , Geng Wujun
Published: November 2022

Introduction. The global incidence of brain tumors, the most common of which is lower grade glioma (LGG), remains high. Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family A member 4 (PLEKHA4) has been reported to be related to tumor invasion and growth. However, its role and correlation with immunity in LGG remain elusive. Methods. We evaluated the expression pattern, prognostic value, biological functions, and immune effects of PLEKHA4 in LGG. We also analyzed the association between PLEKHA4 levels in different tumors, patient prognosis, and its role in tumor immunity. Depending on the type of research data, we used statistical methods such as Student’s

t

-tests, Mann–Whitney

U

tests one-way ANOVA tests Kruskal–Wallis tests Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation analysis Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests in this paper. Results and Conclusions. The results revealed that PLEKHA4 levels were markedly elevated in most tumors (such as LGG). High PLEKHA4 levels are associated with poor overall survival (OS), progression-free interval (PFI) rates, and disease-specific survival (DSS) in LGG patients. Cox regression analysis and nomograms showed that PLEKHA4 levels are independent prognostic factors for LGG patients. According to functional enrichment analysis, PLEKHA4 levels in LGG are associated with immune infiltration and immunotherapy. In conclusion, PLEKHA4 is a potential prognostic marker and immunotherapy target for LGG.
Does Health System Responsiveness Differ between Insured and Uninsured Outpatients in Primary Health Care Facilities in Asagirt District, Ethiopia? A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Negash Wubshet Debebe , Atnafu Asmamaw , Asmamaw Desale Bihonegn , Tsehay Chalie Tadie
Published: November 2022

Background. An effective designation of health facilities improves the facility’s ability to respond to patients’ legitimate expectations. Limited evidence exists regarding the association between health system responsiveness and financial fairness in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. The purpose of the study was, therefore to evaluate the health system responsiveness among insured and uninsured outpatients in primary healthcare facilities and determine the association between health insurance and health system responsiveness among outpatients. Methods. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted between March 30 and April 30,2021. The study sampled 423 participants using a systematic random sampling technique, and the data was collected with structured and pretested questionnaires administered by interviewers. Responsiveness was measured using the short version of the World Health Organization’s multicountry responsiveness survey, which has seven dimensions including autonomy, communication, confidentiality, attention, dignity, choice, and amenities. Using quantile regression, a specific association between health insurance and the health system responsiveness index was examined, adjusting for sociodemographic, quality, and satisfaction-related factors. Results. Of a total of 417 outpatients, 70.74% had health insurance. There was no statistical difference in health system responsiveness among insured and uninsured outpatients. Possession of health insurance was not associated with responsiveness (−0.67; 95%CI: −1.59, 0.25). There was a statistically significant negative relationship between age and responsiveness (−1.33; 95% CI: −2.47, −0.19) among 30–39 year olds and (−1.66; 95% CI: −3.02, −0.32) among 40–49 year olds. However, there was a positive statistical association between responsiveness with urban residence (+1.33; 95%CI: 0.37, 2.29), perceived quality of healthcare (+2.96; 95%CI: 1.95, 4.05), and patient satisfaction (3; 95%CI: 1.94, 4.07). Conclusions. There was no difference in the responsiveness of the health system between insured and uninsured outpatients. All domains need further improvement, particularly those more closely related to patients’ concerns, such as waiting time to get service and choices of healthcare providers. Furthermore, health facility administrators and the government should enhance responsive healthcare services in parallel with quality improvement and patient satisfaction, based on feedback from service users for better performance.
Antibiotic Prescribing Practices Differ between Patients with Penicillin Intolerance and Penicillin Allergy Labels
Authors: Jiang Melinda , Bacchi Stephen , Lam Lydia , Inglis Joshua M. , Gluck Samuel , Smith William , Gilbert Toby
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Penicillin allergy labels are common. However, many penicillin allergy labels have been applied incorrectly and in fact represent penicillin intolerance. Patients with penicillin intolerance can receive penicillin antibiotics. The effect of penicillin intolerance labels on prescribing practices is uncertain. Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included consecutive general medicine patients admitted to two tertiary hospitals over a 12-month period. Electronic medical records were reviewed for allergy and prescribing practices. Instances of penicillin prescription to patients with previously labeled penicillin allergies underwent case note review. Results: There were 12,134 individual hospital admissions included in the study. The number of admissions with a previous penicillin allergy label was 1,312 (10.8%) and with a penicillin intolerance label was 60 (0.5%). Penicillin allergy labels were associated with increased likelihood of being prescribed vancomycin (odds ratio 1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.16–1.75, p = 0.001) and moxifloxacin (odds ratio 20.0, 95% confidence interval 13.4–29.9, p < 0.001). Penicillin intolerance was not associated with increased likelihood of receiving these antibiotics. There were 75 admissions during which an individual with a penicillin allergy label was prescribed one of the specified penicillins and only one adverse reaction in this group. These cases included eight deliberate challenges and 15 cases in which allergy history clarification was sufficient to delabel the allergy. Conclusions: This study supports that prescribing practices differ between patients with penicillin allergy labels and intolerance labels. Penicillin challenges may be undertaken safely in the inpatient setting. Further studies are required to investigate how best to interrogate penicillin allergy labels in this cohort.
Acute Esophageal Necrosis as an Unusual Cause of Epigastric Pain in the Emergency Department
Authors: Ito Tomoki , Satoh Kasumi , Sakaki Kotaro , Sakusabe Masaru
Published: November 2022

Epigastric pain is a common complaint in the emergency department (ED). Clinicians require skills to differentiate the epigastric pain in the ED. Here, we report a case of acute esophageal necrosis (AEN) as a cause of epigastric pain in the ED. An 83-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus visited the ED because of worsening subacute epigastric pain, nausea, and anorexia. The patient’s vital signs and general condition did not seem serious at first in the ED. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed circumferential inflammation and necrosis of the esophageal mucosa. The patient was diagnosed with AEN and admitted. The patient’s condition suddenly worsened on the sixth day. Citrobacter koseri was detected in blood culture, and although the patient was treated with antibiotics, she died on the twelfth day. In our case, epigastric pain, a common complaint in the ED in elderly women, was caused by AEN, an uncommon disease. The patient was seemingly stable at first but rapidly developed sepsis and died. In this case, we identified two important clinical issues: (1) AEN is an uncommon cause of epigastric pain in the ED, but it is worth considering. (2) Once AEN is diagnosed, the clinician should engage in further investigations such as esophageal and blood culture tests and close follow-up of the clinical course, even if patients’ condition does not appear to be serious.
Automatic model transformation on multi-platform system development with model driven architecture approach
Authors: Safitri Aila Gema , Atqiya Firas
Published: November 2022

Several difficulties commonly arise during the software development process. Among them are the lengthy technical process of developing a system, the limited number and technical capabilities of human resources, the possibility of bugs and errors during the testing and implementation phase, dynamic and frequently changing user requirements, and the need for a system that supports multi-platforms. Rapid application development (RAD) is the software development life cycle (SDLC) that emphasizes the production of a prototype in a short amount of time (30-90 days). This study discovered that implementing a model-driven architecture (MDA) approach into the RAD method can accelerate the model design and prototyping stages. The goal is to accelerate the SDLC process. It took roughly five weeks to construct the system by applying all of the RAD stages. This time frame does not include iteration and the cutover procedure. During the prototype test, there were no errors with the create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) procedure. It was demonstrated that automatic transformation in MDA can shorten the RAD phases for designing the model and developing an early prototype, reduce code errors in standard processes like CRUD, and construct a system that supports multi-platform.
Life post-death: Colonization of a bat carcass by Microcerella halli (Engel, 1931) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in a Neotropical cave
Authors: Vasconcelos Simão Dias , Barbier Eder , Barbosa Taciano Moura
Published: November 2022

Caves are habitats characterized by low light or total darkness, whose fauna is largely composed of animals that adapt to dark environments, such as bats and many arthropods. Here, we present the first record of bat carcass colonization by Diptera larvae in a cave in the Neotropics. Twenty-one adult specimens of Microcerella halli (Sarcophagidae), seven males and 14 females, emerged from larvae collected in a carcass of Pteronotus gymnonotus (Mormoopidae) found in a twilight zone, about 15 m from the cave entrance. The mean time between carcass collection and adult emergence was 17.99 ± 0.44 days. As colonization by M. halli only occurs after death, we estimated the mean duration of the pupal stage – by recording daily pupation and emergence data – and attempted a preliminary estimate of the post-mortem interval, which indicated that larviposition occurred at least 24 h before carcass collection. Furthermore, we discussed the fact that M. halli females can find and colonize carcasses in low light environments, reinforcing the forensic potential of the species.
Caracterização geoquímica e isotópica de óleos de bacias brasileiras
Authors: Cavalcante Danielle da Costa , Bastos Lucas Pinto Heckert , Pereira Egberto
Published: November 2022

Na geoquímica orgânica, a definição da origem do petróleo muitas vezes pode ser acessada por meio do estudo de suas moléculas orgânicas fósseis. Tais moléculas, os biomarcadores, permitem inferir condições ambientais da rocha geradora, possibilitando a correlação entre óleo gerado e sua rocha. Apesar da ampla aplicabilidade dos biomarcadores, métodos geoquímicos moleculares nem sempre permitem diferenciar com efetividade óleos gerados em condições paleoambientais similares. Contudo, a análise isotópica de compostos individuais em óleos pode auxiliar na diferenciação de fontes estabelecendo identidades mais exatas dos óleos. Com o objetivo de testar a ferramenta δ13C em compostos individuais na análise biogeoquímica, o presente estudo apresenta a avaliação integrada de biomarcadores, análise isotópica de óleo total e de compostos individuais em óleos oriundos de cinco bacias brasileiras: Bacia do Recôncavo, Bacia do Paraná, Bacia de Santos, Bacia do Solimões e Bacia de Sergipe-Alagoas. Os dados isotópicos e geoquímicos obtidos corroboram a interpretação atual proposta para seus ambientes geradores. As análises dos compostos individuais pristano e fitano, cuja razão é amplamente utilizada como uma ferramenta de paleoredox, mostrou que esses compostos apresentaram valores isotópicos diferenciados. Tal resultado demonstra que, na maioria dos casos, esses compostos tiveram fontes distintas, o que impõe certa cautela na aplicabilidade da razão P/F como uma ferramenta paleoredox. Adicionalmente, óleos associados a rochas geradoras com ambientes deposicionais semelhantes apresentaram valores isotópicos distintos tanto para composição total quanto para compostos individuais. Tal resultado sugere que a técnica é promissora na definição de identidades de óleos que podem ser utilizadas em estudos de correlação e identificação da origem de petróleo, quando esses são poluentes em desastres ambientais.
Petrografia, química mineral e litoquímica do augen gnaisse Riacho Salgado (Lajes/RN), extremo nordeste da Província Borborema
Authors: Guerra Derick Giordano Feitosa , Nascimento Marcos Antonio Leite do , Vilalva Frederico Castro Jobim , Costa Alan Pereira da , Dantas Alexandre Ranier
Published: November 2022

O magmatismo Paleoproterozoico na Província Borborema vem sendo estudado para melhor compreensão do período mais importante na formação de crosta terrestre. Nesse contexto, este trabalho apresenta dados de petrografia, química mineral e litoquímica para o augen gnaisse Riacho Salgado (AGRS), de idade riaciana, localizado no centro urbano de Lajes (RN). Essas rochas mostram dois eventos metamórficos, M2 e M3, com o desenvolvimento de gerações distintas de minerais, como quartzo, K-feldspato e plagioclásio (três gerações), além de biotita, anfibólio, titanita e minerais opacos (duas gerações). Allanita, zircão e apatita são considerados cristais do protólito. Epidoto, clorita, muscovita e carbonatos ocorrem como resultado de alterações hidrotermais. Os minerais opacos são classificados como magnetita, pirita e ilmenita. O quimismo de zircão e titanita (em MEV-EDS) é indicativo de protólito granítico de crosta continental, enquanto a biotita, rica na molécula de annita, é compatível com assinatura cálcioalcalina. Os anfibólios são classificados como pargasita e magnésio-hornblenda, de natureza subalcalina a alcalina, já os plagioclásios correspondem à andesina. Na litoquímica, o AGRS corrobora o protólito ígneo e apresenta assinaturas metaluminosas e cálcioalcalinas de alto-K (subalcalina), com anomalia positiva de Eu. Em termos geotectônicos, a geoquímica sugere ambiente de arco continental sin-subducção, com altos teores de Sr e Ba. Assim, os dados compilados e apresentados no estudo corroboram a classificação mais recente para o AGRS, imerso na unidade metaplutônica do Complexo Caicó.
Augustus, Advisors and the Senate
Authors: Lindholmer Mads Ortving
Published: November 2022

Cassius Dio’s narrative of Augustus’ reign is fundamental to our understanding of this period. This article will focus on D.C. 55.34.1. After a lacuna, the text reads: ‘… however, declare his opinion among the first, but among the last, his purpose being that all might be permitted to form their views independently’. It has been almost universally assumed for two centuries that this describes Augustus’ interaction with the senators but, through a comparison with Dio’s narrative of Tiberius, I will argue that 55.34.1 actually describes Augustus’ interaction with his advisors. Given the paucity of evidence about Augustus’ interaction with these two bodies, this correction has wide consequences. It also has consequences for research on Dio’s view of Augustus and the ideal monarch as well as scholarship on Dio more broadly.
‘Hybridity by Design’: Between Liberal Norms and Illiberal Peace in Turkey
Authors: Dilek Esra
Published: November 2022

This article investigates the interplay between liberal norms, hybridity, and illiberal peace by proposing ‘hybridity by design’ as a framework for understanding domestic agency of political actors in ‘homegrown’ peace processes. Hybridity by design refers to strategies used in peace processes that are not guided by external third parties for selectively adopting norms and practices associated with the liberal peace model while maintaining an illiberal peacemaking approach. The study focuses on the case of Turkey’s recent experience in peacemaking regarding the Kurdish conflict in two periods. First, the 2009–2015 period is analyzed as a ‘homegrown’ peace process during which ‘hybridity by design’ was the primary strategy used by the government to promote peacemaking combining liberal and illiberal norms and practices. In the post-2015 period, the government emphasized the ‘authentic’ aspects of the Kurdish issue, adopting a friend/enemy discourse, delegitimizing opponents, and rejecting negotiations as a means for solving the conflict.
Trans Auntologies
Authors: Fournier Mat
Published: November 2022

This article reads The Second Sex from the perspective of transmasculinity, using gender dysphoria as a critical approach. Following the threads of an intergenerational history of feminist and queer thinkers, the author is led to examine the particular position of trans men regarding feminism. How does one acknowledge that the category of woman is rooted in oppression without failing to support those who align with it? The true legacy of The Second Sex is a feminist transmasculine ethics.
Masculinity as an Impasse
Authors: Garcia Manon
Published: November 2022

The Second Sex can be read as a compelling philosophical exploration of masculinity. Beauvoir proposes to understand masculinity as a situation. It is an impasse as men are stuck in a position where they seek recognition from women, but they construct women in such a way that the recognition women can give them is incomplete and unsatisfying. This understanding of masculinity is crucial for Beauvoir’s emancipatory agenda and suggests that men have nonaltruistic reasons to take part in feminist movements.
Un existentialisme transatlantique
Authors: Provost Mickaëlle
Published: November 2022

En proposant une lecture intertextuelle de la philosophie de Simone de Beauvoir, cet article étudie la possibilité d’un « existentialisme transatlantique ». Y sont analysés le récit proposé par Beauvoir dans L’Amérique au jour le jour et la manière dont la conceptualisation phénoménologique beauvoirienne du racisme fait écho à la pensée de Richard Wright, mais aussi à celles de W.E.B. Du Bois et de Frantz Fanon. La mise au jour de ces parentés théoriques permet d’éclairer les différences et les conflits entre des vécus distincts d’oppression.
Epicardial Adipose Tissue Hyperinflammation Might be the Broken Thread in Coronary Artery Ectasia Pathogenesis
Authors: Papathanasiou Konstantinos A. , Vrachatis Dimitrios A. , Deftereos Spyridon
Published: November 2022

Inflammation, as assessed by epicardial adipose tissue and serum biomarkers, represents an integral mechanistic link in isolated coronary artery ectasia (iCAE) pathogenesis. This should be further investigated in the context of iCAE management and risk stratification.
Book review: Roger Faligot, Chinese Spies from Chairman Mao to Xi Jinping
Authors: Kumar Ramanathan
Published: November 2022

Roger Faligot, Chinese Spies from Chairman Mao to Xi Jinping (Translated from French by Natasha Lehrer) (United Kingdom/Australia and New Zealand: C. Hurst & Co. Ltd/Scribe, 2019) pp. 528, A$39.99. ISBN (13) 9781925849639; ISBN (13) 9781925548679 (e-book).
Gender Differences in Adverse Childhood Experiences, Self-Control, and Delinquency
Authors: Jones Melissa S. , Pierce Hayley , Hoffmann John P.
Published: November 2022

Considerable research has shown that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with the development of self-control and delinquent behaviors. Still, no studies have explicitly examined ACEs, low self-control, and delinquency to determine if they are jointly associated, including whether this relationship varies by gender. The current study examines this important gap in existing literature. Using data from the Fragile Families and Childhood Wellbeing Study (FFCW; n = 3,232), we uncover that low self-control mediates the relationship between early ACEs and delinquency and that this relationship exists for both girls and boys.
University peer health coaches’ perceptions of learning and applying motivational interviewing
Authors: Lima Fogaca Janaina , Lee Saemi , Joseph Courtney , Clifford Dawn E , Papini Natalie , Lee Jonathan S
Published: November 2022

Introduction:

Peer-led health coaching is a realistic and sustainable way to support health behaviour change on university campuses. Motivational Interviewing (MI) is an effective framework to guide behaviour change conversations in peer health coaching sessions. However, research on the perceptions of peer coaches who provide health coaching using MI is scarce.

Objective:

The aims of this study were to examine (1) university peer health coaches’ experiences as peer educators after participating in the training and implementation of MI; and (2) university peer health coaches’ supervision experiences as they learn to use MI for health coaching.

Design:

Cross-sectional in-depth qualitative study using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA).

Setting:

Peer health coaching programme in a mid-sized southwestern US university.

Method:

Five peer health coaches were interviewed about their training, implementation and supervision of using MI in a university health coaching programme. IPA was used to analyse the findings.

Results:

We identified four main themes: (1) learning MI, (2) using MI, (3) challenges of time and availability and (4) supervision and peer support. Results illustrated the developmental processes peer health coaches perceive as they develop their MI skills. Individual and group supervision supported MI growth and development while also building a sense of community.

Conclusion:

Apart from challenges in learning and using MI, supervision was an important factor that helped peer health coaches develop. Future research should investigate training methods and supervision strategies to improve the quality of peer health coach programmes.