bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological and molecular characterisation of USP6‐rearranged soft tissue neoplasms: the evidence of genetic relatedness indicates an expanding family with variable bone‐forming capacity
Authors: Wang Jui‐Chu , Li Wan‐Shan , Kao Yu‐Chien , Lee Jen‐Chieh , Lee Pei‐Hang , Huang Shih‐Chiang , Tsai Jen‐Wei , Chen Chien‐Chin , Chang Ching‐Di , Yu Shih‐Chen , Huang Hsuan‐Ying
Published: October 2020

Aims

USP6 rearrangement underpins self‐limiting fibroblastic/myofibroblastic neoplasms, including nodular fasciitis (NF), myositis ossificans (MO), aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC), and related variants. The aim of this study was to characterise UPS6 and fusion partners in order to delineate the clinicopathological, genetic and bone‐forming features in such lesions of soft tissue (ST).

Methods and results

Break‐apart fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH) validated USP6 rearrangement in 31 of 35 NF [comprising three of three fasciitis ossificans (FO) cases, seven of eight cellular variant of fibroma of tendon sheath (C‐FTS), four of six MO, three of three ST‐ABC, and two of two fibro‐osseous pseudotumours of digits (FOPD)]. As determined with FISH and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, MYH9–USP6 was the commonest fusion in four C‐FTS and 20 NF, including one intravascular case and two infantile (one retroperitoneal) cases. The presence of MYH9–USP6 confirmed the diagnosis of two NFs> 50 mm with prominent ischaemic necrosis. COL1A1–USP6 was predominant in ossifying lesions, including all FO, MO, ST‐ABC and FOPD with identified partner genes, and was also present in non‐ossifying head and neck NF (HN‐NF) and C‐FTS in two cases each. A cervical NF of a 14‐month‐old girl harboured the novel COL1A2–USP6. Ossifying lesions showed considerable genetic and morphological overlaps. Sharing COL1A1–USP6, FO and FOPD showed similar central or haphazard bone matrix deposition. Besides zonation of outward bone maturation, four COL1A1–USP6‐positive MO had incipient to sieve‐like pseudocysts reminiscent of ST‐ABC.

Conclusion

MYH9–USP6 is present in some C‐FTS and most NF, including rare variants, but is unrelated to bone formation. All bone‐forming USP6‐rearranged lesions adopt COL1A1 as the 5′ partner, indicating close genetic kinships. However, COL1A1/COL1A2 also contributes to the pathogenesis of minor subsets of non‐ossifying USP6‐rearranged HN‐NF and C‐FTS.
Efficacy of dental floss with ellipsoidal knots vs conventional dental floss for plaque removal: A split‐mouth randomized trial
Authors: Roa López Antonio , Moreu Burgos Gerardo , Aguilar Salvatierra Antonio , Fernández Delgado Javier , Bravo Manuel , González Jaranay Maximino
Published: October 2020

Objectives

To compare clinical efficacy for plaque removal between dental floss with soft ellipsoidal knots and conventional floss.

Materials and Methods

We studied 33 university students (29 females and 4 males, 13 of them undergraduate/postgraduate students of dentistry), including regular and sporadic (less once/wk) users of dental floss, with interproximal spaces ≤1 mm, who used floss with and without knots in a randomized manner following a split‐mouth design. The Modified Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI) by Rustogi et al. was applied to determine the total removed plaque (TPI) and that removed in the gingival area (GPI) and interproximal spaces (IPI).

Results

The reduction in GPI was greater with the knotted vs conventional floss in all cases (14.77 ± 12.38; 64.79% vs 17.38 ± 13.66; 57.51%) and especially among no floss users (12.469 ± 10.98; 68.02% vs 15.833 ± 11.88; 58.55%). No statistically significant difference between floss types was found in TPI and IPI (globally or by floss utilization frequency) or in the mean GPI of floss users.

Conclusion

Floss with ellipsoidal knots showed similar efficacy to remove plaque in patients with less experience of flossing (but without statistically significant differences) compared with flossing themselves with conventional floss, and it may be an optimal solution for patients starting to use dental floss and for those with a lesser or only sporadic history of floss utilization.
Bacterial antigen is directly delivered to the draining lymph nodes and activates CD8+ T cells during Staphylococcus aureus skin infection
Authors: Egawa Gyohei , Roediger Ben , Tay Szun S , L Cavanagh Lois , V Guy Thomas , Fazekas de Barbara , Brzoska Anthony J , Firth Neville , Weninger Wolfgang
Published: October 2020

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of community‐ and hospital‐acquired bacterial infection worldwide. While neutrophils play an important role in anti‐S. aureus immune defense, the role of adaptive immunity is less clear. In this study, we generated a model antigen‐expressing S. aureus strain to investigate the dynamics and magnitude of T cell immune responses against this pathogen. We demonstrate that S. aureus is delivered to the draining lymph nodes (LNs) by lymphatic flow immediately after intradermal inoculation. There, the bacterium initiates CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) proliferation via activating LN‐resident dendritic cells. Large numbers of neutrophils are recruited to the draining LNs to engulf bacteria; however, neutrophil depletion did not impact on CTL proliferation, despite increasing bacterial burden. Tissue‐resident memory T cells were formed in the skin at bacteria‐inoculated sites. Yet, blood and tissue‐resident memory T cells failed to prevent secondary cutaneous S. aureus infection. Our study defines the delivery kinetics of S. aureus from the skin and suggests that CTLs are dispensable for protection against skin infections.
Paediatric maxillofacial fractures in Ghana: Pattern, household cost, and distress
Authors: Blankson Paa Kwesi , Amanor Efua M. , Dai‐Kosi Alfred D. , Amoako Emmanuella , Konadu Akua B. , Boamah Matthew Owusu , Amoah Gyaami K. , Parkins Grace E.
Published: October 2020

Background

Maxillofacial fractures in the paediatric population are peculiar in risks, management, and potential complications.

Aim

To determine the pattern, psychological distress to parents, and economic cost of paediatric maxillofacial fractures in Ghana.

Design

This study combined a retrospective evaluation with a cross‐sectional cost‐of‐illness (COI) analysis to describe the pattern and economic cost of paediatric maxillofacial fractures in Ghana. The DASS 21 was used to assess psychological distress to parents. Descriptive summaries were generated, and cross‐tabulations done, with consequent tests of associations.

Results

In all, 253 patients were included in the study, with 68 households responding to the COI evaluation. Consisting of 179 (70.8%) males and 74 (29.2%) females, the ages ranged from 10 months to 17 years (mean age of 9.0 ± 5.0 years). Maxillofacial fractures frequently resulted from falls (56.5%), while traffic injuries accounted for 27.3%. The average household cost for paediatric maxillofacial fractures in Ghana was US$ 148.77, with the direct cost component accounting for 76% of this amount. At least half of the parents had some degree of psychological distress from the injury sustained.

Conclusion

Knowledge of the pattern and disease burden of maxillofacial fractures in children is vital in informing preventive strategies, especially for evolving health systems in sub‐Saharan Africa.
GNG5 is an unfavourable independent prognostic indicator of gliomas
Authors: Yang Biao , Han Zhen‐Yuan , Wang Wen‐Juan , Ma Yan‐Bin , Chu Sheng‐Hua
Published: October 2020

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumours, and glioblastomas (GBMs) are subgrouped into four distinct molecular subtypes. This study aimed to identify the potential gene related to glioma progression. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to explore the related gene. Correlation, ROC, survival and Cox regression analyses were performed. Blue module was strongly associated with WHO grade (r = .65, P = 1e‐19). GNG5 in gliomas was overexpressed compared with normal samples and associated with clinicopathologic characteristics. GNG5 was frequent in Mesenchymal subtype and lowly expressed in Proneural subtype of GBMs. Survival and Cox regression analyses showed that glioma patients with GNG5 overexpression had shorter survival time, and GNG5 was an independent prognostic indicator of overall survival. Overall, GNG5 expression is closely associated with clinicopathologic characteristics and is an independent prognostic indicator for glioma patients, as well as a promising subtype‐associated biomarker in molecular classification of gliomas.
Expanding the phenotype and endophenotype of AD
Authors: Vestergaard C.
Published: October 2020

Linked articles: S. Wang et al. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34: 2346–2352. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16346
Water free incorporation of shark liver oil into starch microparticles by supercriticalCO2impregnation at low temperature
Authors: e Santos Débora Nascimento , Aredo Victor , Bazito Reinaldo Camino , de Oliveira Alessandra Lopes
Published: October 2020

Shark liver oil (SLO), rich in squalene, was incorporated into modified starch microparticles (MSMs) by supercritical CO2. This polyunsaturated triterpene presents antitumor and antioxidant activities and, due to the high level of unsaturation in the molecule, it is vulnerable to oxidative attack. This research therefore contributes to the development of methods for impregnating such oil into MSM in order to increase the oil's oxidation stability and prevent its degradation in order to facilitate its use in mixtures with inputs for drugs, foods, and cosmetic. To form SLO‐incorporated MSM, a physical mixture composed of 44% of two MSM with different degrees of hydrophobicity, 11% SLO, 1% lecithin, and 44% ethanol were treated with supercritical CO2at 120 bar, 40, and 60°C. The SLO‐incorporated MSM preserved MSM morphology and exhibited good incorporation of SLO (74–82%), a high degree of solubilization in water (78–86%), and a low hygroscopicity (4–9%). Stability evaluation revealed that the SLO‐incorporated MSM of Purity Gum Ultra that was formed at 60°C preserved 44% of the initial squalene content. Accordingly, supercritical impregnation represents a practical alternative for SLO impregnation since it is a quick method that does not use water in its formulation and can be done at low temperature.

Practical Applications

The improvement of drug and food inputs that are thermosensitive in nature and/or of low polarity can be produced by using low‐cost wall material that can make the process more cost effective and more accessible. Particle formation by supercritical CO2impregnation is a green and nonaggressive process for bioactive compounds that allows the design of innovative food products. Moreover, the fact that the use of modified starches for wall materials, which are already used safely by the food and pharmaceutical industries, makes the process and derived products more reliable. In this sense, the incorporation of shark liver oil (rich is squalene) in modified starch microparticles by supercritical impregnation could be a practical alternative for powdered food industries.
The effect of immunonutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhou J. , Xue Y. , Liu Y. , Li X.K. , Tong Z.H. , Li W.Q.
Published: October 2020

Background

The effect of immunonutrition is controversial compared to standard supplementation with respect to the management of patients with acute pancreatitis.

Methods

An online literature search on four databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and Web of Science) was performed to identify all of the randomised controlled trials assessing the effects of enteral or parenteral immunonutrition in acute pancreatitis. A fixed or random effects model was chosen using revman, version 5.3 (https://revman.cochrane.org). The count data were analysed using the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Five hundred and sixty‐eight patients were included via our search in which 14 articles matched our criteria for enrolling the meta‐analysis. Immunonutrition significantly reduced the risk of organ failure (RR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.26–0.70, P = 0.0008), infectious complications (RR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.62‐0.99; P = 0.04) and mortality (RR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.21–0.66; P = 0.006). Length of hospital stay was also shorter in patients who received immunonutrition (mean difference = −1.73 days; 95% CI = −2.36 to −1.10; P < 0.00001). Total interventions of patients were decreased (RR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.55–0.97; P = 0.03). Body mass index in patients with immunonutrition was reduced more than standard nutrition (mean difference = −2.00; 95% CI = −3.96 to −0.04; P = 0.05).

Conclusions

Immunonutrition support such as glutamine and ω‐3 fatty acids is potentially beneficial with respect to improving clinical outcomes in patients with acute pancreatitis.
Lip necrosis in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: Can it be triggered by COVID‐19?
Authors: Cebeci Kahraman Filiz , Özen Tunç , Elibol Tayfun
Published: October 2020

Background

COVID‐19 due to SARS‐CoV‐2 was first described in the city of Wuhan in China and spread around the world turning into a pandemic. COVID‐19 can affect different organ systems, including the oral mucosa.

Aims

Although cutaneous involvement has been defined in association with COVID‐19, the number of case reports about mucosal involvement by SARS‐CoV‐2 is limited. Hereby, we report a case of hemorrhagic necrosis on the lip in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and COVID‐19 infection and briefly discuss its possible mechanism.

Patients

The clinical features and causes of hemorrhagic necrosis on the lip in a woman are presented.

Results

In our patient, we think that PNH‐associated dermal micro‐occlusions caused extensive painful necrosis of the lip. Additionally, COVID‐19‐induced endothelial damage helped to develop exaggerated hemorrhagic necrosis.

Conclusion

This current case presentation will contribute to the literature as another case with COVID‐19 triggering mucosal involvement.
Postinflammatory and rebound hyperpigmentation as a complication after treatment efficacy of telangiectatic melasma with 585 nanometers Q‐switched Nd: YAG laser and 4% hydroquinone cream in skin phototypes III‐V
Authors: Lueangarun Suparuj , Namboonlue Chutimon , Tempark Therdpong
Published: October 2020

Background

The potential efficacy of vascular component‐targeted laser has been evaluated for the treatment of melasma, which commonly found with the co‐existence of telangiectasia.

Aims

To evaluate the treatment efficacy and safety of 585‐nm QSNYL and 4% HQ cream combination vs 4% HQ cream alone for telangiectatic melasma in the skin phototypes III‐V.

Patients/Methods

Twenty‐one Thai female patients with telangiectatic melasma and Fitzpatrick skin phototypes (FPTs) III‐V were randomly treated with the 585‐nm QSNYL on one side of the face for five sessions at 2‐week intervals. All patients were assigned to apply HQ cream daily at night on both sides of the face for 10 weeks and a broad‐spectrum sunscreen regularly throughout the study. The treatment efficacy and safety were evaluated using the Modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI), biometric evaluation, patient assessment, and adverse effects.

Results

The combination‐treated side yielded more significant improvement of mMASI than the topical‐treated side at weeks 2, 4, and 8, respectively. However, 19% of the patients developed postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) on the laser‐treated side, especially in FPTs IV‐V and rebound hyperpigmentation. There was a significant improvement of hemoglobin and melanin index, but without statistical difference between the two treatment groups.

Conclusions

The combination of 585‐nm QSNYL and HQ treatment yields treatment efficacy and skin rejuvenation effects for telangiectatic melasma. Nonetheless, a high incidence of PIH and rebound hyperpigmentation is adversely developed in dark FPT. Thus, this laser treatment should be cautiously applied in those with dark FPTs IV‐V to avoid laser‐induced pigment alteration.
Detectability and desirability of fear of being single in online dating profiles
Authors: Spielmann Stephanie S. , Gahman Kevin P.
Published: October 2020

Objective

Those who fear being single generally do not have difficulty attracting prospective partners. The present research explores whether this is because daters cannot detect fear of being single, or because detected fear of being single does not hinder desirability.

Method

In Study 1 (N = 235, 60% women, Mage = 36.9), participants created dating profiles then rated the desirability of profiles depicting high versus low fear of being single (high narcissism control). In Study 2 (N = 176, 69% women, Mage = 21.4), participants evaluated fear of being single and desirability of actual profiles.

Results

Differences in fear of being single were detectable. Furthermore, detecting higher fear of being single predicted lower romantic desirability. Desirability ratings were due, in part, to estimating lower physical attractiveness (Study 2). Perceivers’ own fear of being single moderated effects, such that those higher in fear of being single were not deterred by higher fear of being single.

Conclusions

Fear of being single may be detectable when online dating, but desirability of detected fear of being single varies depending on perceiver traits and may be driven in part by misperceptions of physical attractiveness. This research sheds light on challenges for those who fear being single as they attempt to attract mates.
Changes in the Frequency of Coworker Incivility: Roles of Work Hours, Workplace Sex Ratio, Supervisor Leadership Style, and Incivility
Authors: Sakurai Kenji
Published: October 2020

Previous research has identified individual characteristics that affect experiences of coworker incivility. However, much less is known about environmental characteristics that affect these experiences. Drawing on the social learning theory and the frustration–aggression hypothesis, this study examined the effects of supervisor incivility and work hours on coworker incivility. Data collected from 692 full‐time employees showed that changes in the frequency of supervisor incivility positively predicted changes in the frequency of coworker incivility over the next 6‐month period. This relationship tended to be stronger for employees who had a supervisor lower rather than higher in the levels of autocratic leadership style. Furthermore, changes in work hours positively predicted changes in coworker incivility. The workplace sex ratio was not an important factor that differentiated experiences of coworker incivility for either men or women. The results of this study highlight the importance of attending to the environmental characteristics of the workplace to understand the occurrence of coworker incivility.
Limited Prosocial Response: Post‐Disaster Charitable Behavior of Public Sector Workers
Authors: Okuyama Naoko , Fukushige Mototsugu
Published: October 2020

We examined charitable giving in Japanese public sector workers during an emergency, such as a natural disaster. We used pooled data from before and after the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011, which amounted to approximately 3,400 observations over two years. Our empirical analysis found that, similar to other workers, public sector workers’ turnout in response to disaster‐related causes was higher during the post‐disaster emergency period than in ordinary times; however, their contribution amounts were lower. This contrast casts doubt on the assumption that public sector workers are always inherently more prosocial than other workers. In our case study, anticipation of and uncertainty about the possible future reduction of their disposable income to finance post‐disaster reconstruction may have prompted their conservative prosocial response.
Ecosystem services provided by beavers Castor spp.
Authors: Thompson Stella , Vehkaoja Mia , Pellikka Jani , Nummi Petri
Published: October 2020

We aimed to recognise beaver‐produced ecosystem services and quantify their theoretical value for the entire Northern Hemisphere. Activity of the Eurasian beaver Castor fiber and the North American beaver Castor canadensis in the landscape provides ecosystem services and disservices. Services produced by beaver activity include water purification, moderation of extreme events, habitat and biodiversity provision, nutrient cycling, greenhouse gas sequestration, recreational hunting and fishing, water supply, and non‐consumptive recreation. Beaver‐produced services have not been compiled, analysed, or quantified previously.

Each service we evaluated is worth millions to hundreds of millions of US dollars (USD) annually. Habitat and biodiversity provision (133 million USD), along with greenhouse gas sequestration (75 million USD), are particularly valuable services in absolute terms, while non‐consumptive recreation (167 USD ha−1) and habitat and biodiversity provision (133 USD ha−1) have the largest annual per‐hectare values.

Our results can be used to broaden decision‐making and management perspectives, as we offer value estimates to wildlife managers and municipality planners for assessing local site‐specific beaver wetland values and the opportunities for their realisation. Implementing Payments for Ecosystem Services schemes offer a concrete way for societies to benefit from beaver‐produced services while concurrently compensating beaver‐produced losses accrued to landowners. Building such schemes offer long‐term realisation of ecosystem services and damage mitigation. This would lead to increased societal well‐being and increased conservation interest and efforts.
Child feeding in rural northern Ghana: Carer's perceptions of food and their children's diets
Authors: Kukeba Margaret Wekem , Fallon Debbie , Callery Peter
Published: October 2020

A child's diet should be composed of appropriate nutrients to achieve optimal nutritional status, and though there is a substantial evidence base for child feeding recommendations, developing countries continue to face challenges regarding optimal child feeding. This paper describes an ethnographic study undertaken in rural northern Ghana to explore community perceptions of what ‘counts’ as food for children and the impact this had on the nutrients they received. Fifteen households with children under 5 years were purposively selected. In‐depth interviews were held with 25 mothers, 7 fathers and 8 grandparents within these households as well as 2 diviners. Participant observations were also undertaken. Findings show that satiety rather than nutrition was the key consideration in adult choices about a child's diet. The community regarded carbohydrate‐based meals as food, but considered protein, vitamins and mineral‐based foods as nonessential elements of a child's diet, and important sources of these nutrients were regarded as treats.
Milk consumption and childhood anthropometric failure in India: Analysis of a national survey
Authors: Vanderhout Shelley M. , Corsi Daniel J.
Published: October 2020

Dairy milk has been shown to contribute to child growth in many countries, but the relationship between milk intake and anthropometric outcomes among Indian children has not been studied. The objectives were to describe children aged 6–59 months who consume dairy milk in India and determine if dairy milk consumption was associated with lower odds of stunting, underweight and anthropometric failure among Indian children. This was a cross‐sectional study based on the fourth Indian National Family Health Survey (NFHS‐4), which was a national survey conducted between 2015 and 2016 by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The primary exposure was the consumption of dairy milk within the past day or night. The primary outcomes were stunting (height‐for‐age z score < −2), underweight (weight‐for‐age z score < −2) and the composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF), which is a combination of weight‐for‐age, weight‐for‐height and height‐for‐age. Multivariable logistic regression models and coarsened exact matching (CEM) were used to determine the relationship between dairy milk and odds ratios of each outcome. Setting was in India. Participants were children (N = 107,639) aged 6–59 months. Children who consumed dairy milk in the past day or night had an odds ratio of 0.95 for underweight (95% CI 0.92–0.98, P = .0005), 0.93 for stunting (95% CI 0.90–0.96, P < .0001) and 0.96 for CIAF (95% CI 0.93–0.99, P = .004), compared with children who did not consume dairy milk after adjusting for relevant covariates. When CEM was used among a subset (n = 28,207), evidence for relationships between dairy milk and anthropometric outcomes was consistent but slightly weaker. Widespread, equitable access to dairy milk among childhood may be part of an effort to lower the risk of anthropometric failure among children in India.
The ancient wave of polyploidization events in flowering plants and their facilitated adaptation to environmental stress
Authors: Zhang Liangsheng , Wu Shengdan , Chang Xiaojun , Wang Xiuyun , Zhao Yunpeng , Xia Yiping , Trigiano Robert N. , Jiao Yuannian , Chen Fei
Published: October 2020

Flowering plants, or angiosperms, consist of more than 300,000 species, far more than any other land plant lineages. The accumulated evidence indicates that multiple ancient polyploidy events occurred around 100 to 120 million years ago during the Cretaceous and drove the early diversification of four major clades of angiosperms: gamma whole‐genome triplication in the common ancestor of core eudicots, tau whole‐genome duplication during the early diversification of monocots, lambda whole‐genome duplication during the early diversification of magnoliids, and pi whole‐genome duplication in the Nymphaeales lineage. These four polyploidy events have played essential roles in the adaptive evolution and diversification of major clades of flowering plants. Here, we specifically review the current understanding of this wave of ancient whole‐genome duplications and their evolutionary significance. Notably, although these ancient whole‐genome duplications occurred independently, they have contributed to the expansion of many stress‐related genes (e.g., heat shock transcription factors and Arabidopsis response regulators)，and these genes could have been selected for by global environmental changes in the Cretaceous. Therefore, this ancient wave of paleopolyploidy events could have significantly contributed to the adaptation of angiosperms to environmental changes, and potentially promoted the wide diversification of flowering plants.
Role of serine 365 in BRAF V600E sensitivity to RAF inhibition
Authors: Vido Michael J. , Rock Justin , Aplin Andrew E.
Published: October 2020

The serine‐threonine kinase, BRAF, is an upstream regulator of the MEK‐ERK1/2 pathway and is commonly mutated in cancer. 14‐3‐3 proteins bind to two sites in BRAF, N‐terminal S365, and C‐terminal S729. 14‐3‐3 binding modulates the activity and dimerization of both wild‐type and non‐V600 mutant forms of BRAF. In BRAF V600E mutants, the C‐terminal S729 site affects dimerization of truncated splice variants. The N‐terminal, S365, is removed in BRAF V600E splice variants but its importance in full‐length BRAF V600 mutants remains uncertain. We tested the role of S365 in dimerization and RAF inhibitor resistance in full‐length BRAF V600E. Mutating BRAF S365 site to an alanine (S365A) reduced 14‐3‐3 association and increased BRAF V600E homodimerization. BRAF V600E S365A displayed reduced sensitivity to RAF inhibitor at the level of MEK‐ERK1/2 signaling, cell growth, and cell viability. These data suggest that alteration or removal of the S365 14‐3‐3 binding site may contribute to RAF inhibitor resistance.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the association between personality and cognitive failures/complaints
Authors: Aschwanden Damaris , Sutin Angelina R. , Luchetti Martina , Allemand Mathias , Stephan Yannick , Terracciano Antonio
Published: October 2020

This systematic review examined the associations of personality traits with cognitive failures and cognitive complaints across the adult lifespan. We first present three conceptual models (cognitive abilities, mental processes, and reporting bias) that could explain why personality is related to such behaviors. We then conducted five separate meta‐analyses with 10–17 cross‐sectional samples (N = 7,642 – 10,564) that were identified through a systematic literature search following the MOOSE guidelines. Higher neuroticism (r = .39, 95% CI [0.32, 0.45]) and lower conscientiousness (r = −.36, 95% CI [−.42, −.29]) were related to more cognitive failures and complaints. Lower scores on the remaining traits were also associated with more cognitive failures and complaints, yet to a weaker extent (extraversion: r = −.14, 95% CI [−.20, −.08]; openness: r = −.07, 95% CI [−.11, −.03]; agreeableness: r = −.13, 95% CI [−.21, −.05]). With the current empirical evidence, it is not possible to tell which of the three conceptual models explains how much of the associations. For neuroticism, there is more support for the mental processes than the reporting bias model, but more research is needed to fully test mechanistic models. We provide several suggestions for future research to address existing limitations of the literature on personality and cognitive failures and complaints.
The full‐length sequence of the novel HLA‐C*08:190 allele, identified by cloning and sequencing
Authors: Zou Hong‐Yan , Zhou Dan
Published: October 2020

C*08:190 differs from C*08:01:01:01 by one nucleotide change at nucleotide 503 in exon 3 from A to G.
Prospective audit of blood transfusion request forms and continuing medical education to optimise compliance of clinicians in a hospital setting
Authors: Pandey Prashant , Setya Divya , Mirza Suhail Mustafa , Singh Mukesh Kumar
Published: October 2020

Objectives

The aim of this study was to analyse blood requisition forms sent by clinicians in a tertiary care hospital to the transfusion service to ascertain their completeness and correctness. A secondary objective was to study the effect of continuing medical education (CME) in a hospital setting on clinician's behaviour regarding the importance of details that ought to be mentioned on blood requisition forms.

Background

Transfusion audits are useful tools in the evaluation and education of those requesting blood components.

Methods/Materials

This was a prospective, observational study conducted in the department of Transfusion Medicine at a tertiary‐level healthcare centre from June 2019 to December 2019. The study was divided into two phases: pre‐CME (P1) and post‐CME (P2). In both phases, an audit for assessing completeness and correctness of blood requisition forms, which were divided into four sections, was performed. A scoring system was devised to compare both phases.

Results

In the P1 phase, 45.77% of the blood requisition form entries were complete and correct; 23.45% of incomplete entries were generated by emergency and trauma. In the P2 phase, 76.75% of the blood requisition form entries were complete and correct; 35.09% of the incomplete entries were generated by obstetrics and gynaecology. Complete and correct entries increased from 45.7% (P1) to 76.75% (P2). Scores of P1 were found to be lower than scores of P2 for all four sections. Cumulative mean score for P1 (20687) was found to be significantly lower than the mean score for P2 (30870).

Conclusion

Audit and CME regarding different aspects of transfusion medicine practices play a major role in the improvement of transfusion practices in hospitals.
Evidence‐Based, Ethical Decision‐Making: Using Simulation to Teach the Application of Evidence and Ethics in Practice
Authors: Opsahl Angela , Nelson Tammi , Madeira Jody , Wonder Amy Hagedorn
Published: October 2020

Background

Evidence‐based practice and ethics should not be taught as isolated concepts. Instead, it is imperative to prepare students with the knowledge needed to practice ethical, evidence‐based decision‐making in health care.

Purpose

The purpose of this project was to describe how a mock hospital ethics committee meeting impacted students’ learning about the use of evidence to support ethical decision‐making in health care.

Method

A mock hospital ethics committee was convened for 121 students from schools of nursing, social work, law, and medicine.

Results

Thematic content analysis showed a positive impact on nursing students’ learning of ethics, group dynamics, discipline‐specific responsibilities, and EBP.

Linking Evidence to Action

This interprofessional education experience showed students how evidence and ethics can be used to guide and support practice priorities, responsibilities, and decisions on resource utilization and treatment to enable optimal outcomes for patients and organizations.
MENTAL HEALTH AND THE GOSPEL: BOYLE LECTURE 2020
Authors: Cook Christopher C. H.
Published: October 2020

Mental health has become a domain of professional and scientific endeavor, distinguished in the modern mind from spirituality, which is understood as a more subjective, transcendent, and private concern. This sharp separation has been challenged in recent decades by scientific research, which demonstrates the positive benefits of spirituality/religion (S/R) for mental health. Increasing scientific interest in the topic is to be welcomed, but the contribution of theology to the debate has been neglected. It is proposed here that Jesus’ life and teaching are presented in the synoptic Gospels as fundamentally concerned with what we now call mental health. Jesus’ teaching on worry, for example, offers various psychological strategies for dealing with anxiety. Moreover, it presents prayer as an effective and constructive response to worry, involving disciplined attention rather than avoidance. Critical interdisciplinary conversations between science and theology on matters such as worry offer a constructive approach to understanding the human condition in the context of adversity.
Global geometry on moduli of local systems for surfaces with boundary
Authors: Whang Junho Peter
Published: October 2020

We show that every coarse moduli space, parametrizing complex special linear rank-2 local systems with fixed boundary traces on a surface with nonempty boundary, is log Calabi–Yau in that it has a normal projective compactification with trivial log canonical divisor. We connect this to a novel symmetry of generating series for counts of essential multicurves on the surface.
Degeneracy loci, virtual cycles and nested Hilbert schemes II
Authors: Gholampour Amin , Thomas Richard P.
Published: October 2020

We express nested Hilbert schemes of points and curves on a smooth projective surface as ‘virtual resolutions’ of degeneracy loci of maps of vector bundles on smooth ambient spaces. We show how to modify the resulting obstruction theories to produce the virtual cycles of Vafa–Witten theory and other sheaf-counting problems. The result is an effective way of calculating invariants (VW, SW, local PT and local DT) via Thom–Porteous-like Chern class formulae.
Study of Radarfacies in Auriferous Placers at Baixada Cuiabana, Mato Grosso (Brazil)
Authors: Paula Maria Clara Lopes , Borges Welitom Rodrigues , Almeida Isabela Resende
Published: October 2020

The state of Mato Grosso (MT) is the fifth largest gold producer in Brazil, with much of it coming from the Baixada Cuiabana region. In this region, gold occurs in primary deposit associated with quartz veins and their host metasedimentary rocks of the Cuiabá Group and secondary sedimentary deposits (such as colluviums, alluviums and eluviums), the latter being quite profitable and easy to exploit. The gold exploitation in these areas often results in deforestation of the Pantanal biome, as mining uses random subsoil scarification to locate the deposits. In this study, the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) geophysical method was applied to differentiate and locate alluvial, colluvial and eluvial deposits. This may help to mitigate the local deforestation process. Thus, the acquisition of GPR data took place in a gold mine located in the municipality of Nossa Senhora do Livramento. The GPR recordings were done with a 200 MHz shielded antenna, along with ditches and gravel exposures. The results show variability of the electromagnetic wave velocity between 0.085 to 0.146 m/ns, with normalized amplitudes of -1 to 1 ranging between maximum values of -0.8 and 0.8. The lowest velocity values were found for gravels of alluvial origin. The intermediate velocity of 0.090 m/ns is associated with eluviums and the highest velocity (0.146 m/ns) is associated with gravel of colluvial origin. GPR was efficient to distinguish secondary sedimentary deposits in the Baixada Cuibana, becoming a prospective alternative for the region.
Introductory guide to the application of XPS to epitaxial films and heterostructures
Authors: Chambers Scott A. , Wang Le , Baer Donald R.
Published: October 2020

XPS is an important characterization method for epitaxial films and heterostructures. Although standard approaches for XPS data collection and analysis provide useful information such as average composition and the presence of contaminants, more in-depth analyses provide information about the film structure, surface termination, built-in electric potentials, and band offsets. The high degree of structural order in these materials enables such information to be extracted from spectral data but also adds complications to the analysis. This guide highlights three topics of importance in this field: (i) the impacts of crystallinity on XPS signals and quantification, (ii) the unexpected spectral line shapes that can occur in unusual or novel materials, and (iii) the ability of XPS to yield information about built-in potentials and band offsets. Concepts are demonstrated using complex oxide heterostructures. Although these topics are highly relevant to epitaxial films and heterostructures, they also apply to single crystals of complex materials.
Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Executive Function in Children With and Without Learning Disability: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Huang Chung-Ju , Tu Hsin-Yu , Hsueh Ming-Chun , Chiu Yi-Hsiang , Huang Mei-Yao , Chou Chien-Chih
Published: October 2020

This study examined the effects of acute aerobic exercise on sustained attention and discriminatory ability of children with and without learning disabilities (LD). Fifty-one children with LD and 49 typically developing children were randomly assigned to exercise or control groups. The participants in the exercise groups performed a 30-min session of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, whereas the control groups watched a running/exercise-related video. Neuropsychological tasks, the Daueraufmerksamkeit sustained attention test, and the determination tests were assessed before and after each treatment. Exercise significantly benefited performance in sustained attention and discriminatory ability, particularly in higher accuracy rate and shorter reaction time. In addition, the LD exercise group demonstrated greater improvement than the typically developing exercise group. The findings suggest that the acute aerobic exercise influenced the sustained attention and the discriminatory function in children with LD by enhancing regulation of mental states and allocation of attentional resources.
Framing a Social Learning Space for Wheelchair Curling
Authors: Duarte Tiago , Culver Diane M. , Paquette Kyle
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this paper is to delineate how an intervention aimed at increasing the learning capability of Canadian wheelchair curling coaches was framed by a systems convener in collaboration with stakeholders from different levels. Social learning theory, in particular a landscape of practice perspective, provides the conceptual framework. The methodology was collaborative inquiry with people from across the landscape to delineate the intervention strategies through cycles of reflection and action. The participants included parasport coaches, researchers, and Curling Canada technical leaders. Based on preintervention findings, the intervention was driven by (a) the use of technology to overcome barriers and the implementation of learning activities at competitions, (b) the use of a collective learning map to promote meaningful learning, (c) the involvement of the sport organization leadership to promote the participation of influential people, and (d) a reflection of how subpar outcomes occurred when the systems convener failed to engage with the sport organization leadership. The discussion sheds light on the many roles of systems conveners and the importance of promoting strategic and enabling values. Sport organizations should engage a systems convener who can effectively align learning goals with the available resources and the strategic mission of the organization.
Autosomal dominant VCP hypomorph mutation impairs disaggregation of PHF-tau
Authors: Darwich Nabil F. , Phan Jessica M. , Kim Boram , Suh EunRan , Papatriantafyllou John D. , Changolkar Lakshmi , Nguyen Aivi T. , O’Rourke Caroline M. , He Zhuohao , Porta Sílvia , Gibbons Garrett S. , Luk Kelvin C. , Papageorgiou Sokratis G. , Grossman Murray , Massimo Lauren , Irwin David J. , McMillan Corey T. , Nasrallah Ilya M. , Toro Camilo , Aguirre Geoffrey K. , Van Deerlin Vivianna M. , Lee Edward B.
Published: October 2020

Two ways to get tangled?

Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease dementia is associated with neurofibrillary tangles composed of aggregated tau protein. Darwich
et al.
describe an additional form of autosomal-dominant dementia with neurofibrillary tangles linked to a hypomorph mutation in valosin-containing protein (VCP). VCP was found to disaggregate pathologic tau, and the hypomorph mutation increased tau accumulation in cells and mice. These findings highlight the role of protein turnover in maintaining neuronal health and suggest that VCP may provide a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.

Science
, this issue p.
eaay8826
Phasing of millennial-scale climate variability in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans
Authors: Walczak Maureen H. , Mix Alan C. , Cowan Ellen A. , Fallon Stewart , Fifield L. Keith , Alder Jay R. , Du Jianghui , Haley Brian , Hobern Tim , Padman June , Praetorius Summer K. , Schmittner Andreas , Stoner Joseph S. , Zellers Sarah D.
Published: October 2020

Calving cousins

Walczak
et al.
report that increases in Pacific Ocean ventilation and periods of rapid production of icebergs from the Cordilleran Ice Sheet during the last glacial period preceded episodic iceberg discharges into the Atlantic Ocean (see the Perspective by Jaeger and Shevenell). Marine sediments from the Gulf of Alaska show that increases in vertical mixing of the ocean there correspond with intense iceberg calving from the ice sheet that covered much of high-latitude western North America and that these changes occurred before the analogous Heinrich events in the North Atlantic. Thus, these Pacific climate system reorganizations may have been an early part of a cascade of dynamic climate events with global repercussions.

Science
, this issue p.
716
; see also p.
662
Piperaquine Exposure Is Altered by Pregnancy, HIV, and Nutritional Status in Ugandan Women
Authors: Hughes Emma , Imperial Marjorie , Wallender Erika , Kajubi Richard , Huang Liusheng , Jagannathan Prasanna , Zhang Nan , Kakuru Abel , Natureeba Paul , Mwima Moses W. , Muhindo Mary , Mwebaza Norah , Clark Tamara D. , Opira Bishop , Nakalembe Miriam , Havlir Diane , Kamya Moses , Rosenthal Philip J. , Dorsey Grant , Aweeka Francesca , Savic Radojka M.
Published: October 2020

Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-PQ) provides highly effective therapy and chemoprevention for malaria in pregnant African women. PQ concentrations of >10.3 ng/ml have been associated with reduced maternal parasitemia, placental malaria, and improved birth outcomes. We characterized the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of PQ in a
post hoc
analysis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and -uninfected pregnant women receiving DHA-PQ as chemoprevention every 4 or 8 weeks.
Secretion of c-di-AMP by Listeria monocytogenes Leads to a STING-Dependent Antibacterial Response during Enterocolitis
Authors: Louie Alexander , Bhandula Varaang , Portnoy Daniel A.
Published: October 2020

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) acts as a cytoplasmic signaling hub of innate immunity that is activated by host-derived or bacterially derived cyclic dinucleotides.
Listeria monocytogenes
is a foodborne, facultative intracellular pathogen that secretes c-di-AMP and activates STING, yet the
in vivo
role of the STING pathway during bacterial pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we found that STING-deficient mice had increased weight loss and roughly 10-fold-increased systemic bacterial burden during
L. monocytogenes
-induced enterocolitis.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Diversity of the Immunological Landscape following Central Nervous System Infection by a Murine Coronavirus
Authors: Syage Amber R. , Ekiz H. Atakan , Skinner Dominic D. , Stone Colleen , O’Connell Ryan M. , Lane Thomas E.
Published: October 2020

Understanding the immunological mechanisms contributing to both host defense and disease following viral infection of the CNS is of critical importance given the increasing number of viruses that are capable of infecting and replicating within the nervous system. With this in mind, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the molecular signatures of immune cells within the CNS at defined times following infection with a neuroadapted murine coronavirus using scRNAseq. This approach has revealed that the immunological landscape is diverse, with numerous immune cell subsets expressing distinct mRNA expression profiles that are, in part, dictated by the stage of infection. In addition, these findings reveal new insight into cellular pathways contributing to control of viral replication as well as to neurologic disease.