bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co-occurring Genomic Alterations Define Major Subsets of KRAS-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma with Distinct Biology, Immune Profiles, and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities
Authors: Skoulidis Ferdinandos , Byers Lauren A. , Diao Lixia , Papadimitrakopoulou Vassiliki A. , Tong Pan , Izzo Julie , Behrens Carmen , Kadara Humam , Parra Edwin R. , Canales Jaime Rodriguez , Zhang Jianjun , Giri Uma , Gudikote Jayanthi , Cortez Maria A. , Yang Chao , Fan Youhong , Peyton Michael , Girard Luc , Coombes Kevin R. , Toniatti Carlo , Heffernan Timothy P. , Choi Murim , Frampton Garrett M. , Miller Vincent , Weinstein John N. , Herbst Roy S. , Wong Kwok-Kin , Zhang Jianhua , Sharma Padmanee , Mills Gordon B. , Hong Waun K. , Minna John D. , Allison James P. , Futreal Andrew , Wang Jing , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Heymach John V.
Published: June 2015

The molecular underpinnings that drive the heterogeneity of KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma are poorly characterized. We performed an integrative analysis of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data from early-stage and chemorefractory lung adenocarcinoma and identified three robust subsets of KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma dominated, respectively, by co-occurring genetic events in STK11/LKB1 (the KL subgroup), TP53 (KP), and CDKN2A/B inactivation coupled with low expression of the NKX2-1 (TTF1) transcription factor (KC). We further revealed biologically and therapeutically relevant differences between the subgroups. KC tumors frequently exhibited mucinous histology and suppressed mTORC1 signaling. KL tumors had high rates of KEAP1 mutational inactivation and expressed lower levels of immune markers, including PD-L1. KP tumors demonstrated higher levels of somatic mutations, inflammatory markers, immune checkpoint effector molecules, and improved relapse-free survival. Differences in drug sensitivity patterns were also observed; notably, KL cells showed increased vulnerability to HSP90-inhibitor therapy. This work provides evidence that co-occurring genomic alterations identify subgroups of KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma with distinct biology and therapeutic vulnerabilities.

Significance: Co-occurring genetic alterations in STK11/LKB1, TP53, and CDKN2A/B—the latter coupled with low TTF1 expression—define three major subgroups of KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma with distinct biology, patterns of immune-system engagement, and therapeutic vulnerabilities. Cancer Discov; 5(8); 860–77. ©2015 AACR.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 783
Combined Anti-PLGF and Anti-Endostatin Treatments Inhibit Ocular Hemangiomas
Authors: Jiang Hua , Wu Xinyi , Wang Hong , Huang Chao , Zhang Linna
Published: June 2015

Background/Aims: The degree of neovascularization determines the aggressiveness of ocular hemangiomas (OH). So far, the anti-angiogenic treatments using either antagonists against vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), or endostatin, do not always lead to satisfactory therapeutic outcome. Methods: We examined the VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) levels in the OH specimen. We compared the effects of anti-PLGF, endostatin, as well as their combined treatments on the growth of OH in a mouse model, using bioluminescence imaging in living animals. We also examined vascularization by CD31 expression. Results: We detected higher VEGFR1 levels in the OH, compared to paired normal tissue. Thus, we hypothesize that as a major ligand for VEGFR1, placental growth factor (PLGF) may also play a role in the neovascularization and tumorigenesis of OH. In an implanted OH model in mice, we found that both anti-PLGF and endostatin significantly decreased OH growth as well as vascularization, while combined treatments had a significantly more pronounced effect. Conclusion: Our data suggest that combined anti-PLGF and endostatin may be a more effective therapy for inhibition of ocular vascularization and the tumor growth in OH.
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor β1 Regulate ARDS-Associated Lung Fibrosis Through Distinct Signaling Pathways
Authors: Deng Xingqi , Jin Kun , Li Yanyan , Gu Wei , Liu Mei , Zhou Ling
Published: June 2015

Background/Aims: Severe acute lung injury (ALI) often develops into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Previous studies have shown that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) participate in the pathogenesis of ARDS by stimulation of fibroblast proliferation, leading to the development of pulmonary fibrosis. However, the exact pathways downstream of PDGF and TGFβ receptor signaling have not been completely elucidated. Method: We treated human lung fibroblasts (HLF) with PDGF, or TGFβ1, or combined, and examined the activation of p38 MAPK, p42/p44 MAPK and SMAD3. We used a specific inhibitor PD98059 to antagonize phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAPK, or used a specific inhibitor SN203580 to antagonize phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, or used a specific inhibitor SIS3 to antagonize phosphorylation of SMAD3. We then examined the effects of these inhibitors on the activation of collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) induced by PDGF or TGFβ1 stimulation. Results: PDGF activated p38 MAPK and p42/p44 MAPK, but not SMAD3 in HLF cells. TGFβ1 activated p38 MAPK and SMAD3, but not p42/p44 MAPK in HLF cells. Activation of p38 MAPK by either PDGF or TGFβ1 induced α-SMA but not collagen I in HLF cells, while activation of p42/p44 MAPK by PDGF induced collagen I but not α-SMA in HLF cells. Activation of SMAD3 by TGFβ1 did not affect either collagen I or α-SMA in HLF cells. Conclusion: PDGF and TGFβ1 regulate ARDS-associated lung fibrosis through distinct signaling pathway-mediated activation of fibrosis-related proteins. Treatments with both PDGF and TGFβ1 antagonists may result in a better anti-fibrotic outcome for ALI-induced lung fibrosis.
Allicin Protects PC12 Cells Against 6-OHDA-Induced Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction via Regulating Mitochondrial Dynamics
Authors: Liu Hao , Mao Ping , Wang Jia , Wang Tuo , Xie Chang-Hou
Published: June 2015

Background: Parkinson disease (PD) is a common adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder, and PD related neuronal injury is associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Allicin, the main biologically active compound derived from garlic, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activities in in vitro and in vivo studies. Methods: The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective role of allicin in an in vitro PD model induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in PC12 cells. The protective effects were measured by cell viability, decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and flow cytometry, and the anti-oxidative activity was determined by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation and the endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities. Mitochondrial function in PC12 cells was detected by mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, cytochrome c release, mitochondrial ATP synthesis, and the mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering capacity. To investigate the potential mechanism, we also measured the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis factors, mitochondrial morphological dynamic changes, as well as detected mitochondrial dynamic proteins by western blot. Results: We found that allicin treatment significant increased cell viability, and decreased LDH release and apoptotic cell death after 6-OHDA exposure. Allicin also inhibited ROS generation, reduced lipid peroxidation and preserved the endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities. These protective effects were associated with suppressed mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by decreased MMP collapse and cytochrome c release, preserved mitochondrial ATP synthesis, and the promotion of mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering capacity. In addition, allicin significantly enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and prevented fragmentation of mitochondrial network after 6-OHDA treatment. The results of western blot analysis showed that the 6-OHDA induced decrease in the expression of optic atrophy type 1 (Opa-1), increase in mitochondrial fission 1 (Fis-1) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp-1) were all partially revised by allicin. Conclusion: In summary, our data strongly suggested that allicin treatment can exert protective effects against PD related neuronal injury through inhibiting oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction with dynamic changes.
Use of Observational Periods or Ancillary Tests in the Determination of Brain Death in Germany
Authors: Hoffmann Olaf , Masuhr Florian
Published: June 2015

Background: In the absence of primary infratentorial brain lesions, the German guideline on brain death (BD) permits diagnosis based on two clinical assessments separated by a defined observational period or by one clinical assessment and an ancillary test. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients fulfilling the clinical criteria of BD registered with the organ procurement organization of northeastern Germany during a 10-year period. Results: 2,745 patients were included. Compared to clinical observations, ancillary tests led to the confirmation of BD more frequently (98.7 vs. 78.7%) and after a considerably shorter diagnostic duration (median 1.4 vs. 16.5 h). Organ donation was more frequent with inclusion of ancillary tests (69.3 vs. 34.7% of diagnosed patients). The rate of fatal circulatory failure increased with longer observation. Nonconfirmatory results of the first ancillary test were more frequent with primary infratentorial lesions (14.3%) and hypoxic brain damage (7.9%) compared to primary supratentorial lesions (2.9%). Conclusion: When used as an alternative to clinical reassessment, ancillary studies increase the rate of BD determination and organ donation. An increased rate of initially negative ancillary studies with infratentorial brain lesions or hypoxic brain damage supports the use of different diagnostic pathways for these patients, as defined by the current German guideline.
Metastatic Disease in the Stomach
Authors: Weigt Jochen , Malfertheiner Peter
Published: June 2015

Background: Gastric metastases are rare and represent a late and progressed stage of malignant disease. This review highlights epidemiological, clinical and endoscopic findings as well as therapeutic strategies for metastatic disease of the stomach. Summary: The clinical presentation of gastric metastases is highly unspecific. The endoscopic appearance of gastric metastases is heterogeneous, but the most prevalent findings are solitary and submucosal lesions in the gastric wall. The most prevalent primary tumor spreading to the stomach is breast cancer, followed by renal cell cancer and many others. In general, gastric metastases occur in a late stage of malignant disease and frequently indicate short survival. Specific therapy for gastric metastases does not exist and is mainly performed with chemotherapy according to the primary tumor. Compared with other metastatic diseases, gastric metastases of renal cell cancer and breast cancer need distinct consideration. Gastric metastasis of these cancers presents with a better prognosis, as patients with these conditions can be offered effective chemotherapeutic treatment. Key Message: Gastric metastatic disease is a rare clinical presentation. The pathophysiology of gastric metastatic seeding is not well understood. Practical Implications: In the course of malignant disease the presence of gastric metastases should be taken into account if mucosal or submucosal gastric lesions are present. Therapy in general depends on the primary tumor.
Mammogram Diagnostics via 2-D Complex Wavelet-based Self-similarity Measures
Authors: Jeon Seonghye , Nicolis Orietta , Vidakovic Brani
Published: June 2015

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women in the United States. Mammography is currently the most eective method for detecting breast cancer early; however, radiological inter- pretation of mammogram images is a challenging task. Many medical images demonstrate a certain degree of self-similarity over a range of scales. This scaling can help us to describe and classify mammograms. In this work, we generalize the scale-mixing wavelet spectra to the complex wavelet domain. In this domain, we estimate Hurst parameter and image phase and use them as discriminatory descriptors to clas- sify mammographic images to benign and malignant. The proposed methodology is tested on a set of images from the University of South Florida Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDSM). Keywords: Scaling; Complex Wavelets; Self-similarity; 2-D Wavelet Scale-Mixing Spectra.
Na esquina do Bar d'A Lôca: produção de sexualidades no cruzamento com a produção da cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Puccinelli Bruno
Published: June 2015

Sexualidade que produz cidade. Este artigo parte de um ponto na cidade de São Paulo para pensar a própria produção da cidade a partir de definições sócio-sexuais. Localizado na esquina das ruas Frei Caneca e Peixoto Gomide, o Bar d’A Lôca surge como aglutinador de identidades sexuais, resumidas no termo gay, assim como ponto epicentral de onde se fala do que é o Centro da cidade. Mais do que outro dos vários espaços da sociabilidade paulistana dita gay, o bar é definidor; assim como a esquina e a rua, em relação a outras, mapeia São Paulo e altera sua geografia.
Devir-afroindígena: “então vamos fazer o que a gente é”
Authors: Mello Cecília Campello do Amaral
Published: June 2015

Fruto de uma releitura do material etnográfico sobre a atuação de um movimento cultural do extremo sul baiano, este artigo pretende discutir a noção de afroindígena tal como concebida pelo grupo, a partir de uma perspectiva pragmática. O exercício aqui proposto não é enquadrá-lo em categorias já conhecidas ou familiares, mas buscar analisá-lo mantendo intacta uma certa “rugosidade” característica dos modos de fazer e pensar ao qual está associado. Para o grupo, o conceito de afroindígena não seria um modelo, a partir do qual seria possível identificar uma etnia ou reconhecer um grupo em uma base natural de identificação. Afroindígena não é tampouco algo da ordem da identidade, nem mesmo do pertencimento. O conceito de afroindígena seria da ordem do devir, funcionando, por um lado, como um meio, um intercessor por onde passam ideias, ações políticas, obras de arte e seres do cosmos, e, por outro lado, como um produto inacabado ou efeito provisório de encontros singulares que envolveriam fluxos de “história” e “memória”; pessoas e técnicas; uma relação de aliança entre antepassados africanos e indígenas e a criação de esculturas, aqui entendida como um processo automodelador de subjetividades.
BRAZ, Camilo. À meia-luz...: uma etnografia em clubes de sexo masculinos
Authors: Ramírez Arcos Fernando
Published: June 2015

BRAZ, Camilo. À meia-luz...: uma etnografia em clubes de sexo masculinos. Goiânia: Editora UFG, 2012, 208p.
LEA, Vanessa Rosemary. Riquezas Intangíveis de Pessoas Partíveis.
Authors: Paulino Carlos Melo de Oliveira
Published: June 2015

LEA, Vanessa Rosemary. Riquezas intangíveis de pessoas partíveis. São Paulo, Edusp, Fapesp, 2012, 496 p.
2015
ATVB
Plenary Lecture
Authors: Shimokawa Hiroaki , Satoh Kimio
Published: June 2015

Rho-kinase (ROCKs) is an important downstream effector of the small GTP-binding protein Ras homolog gene family member A. There are 2 isoforms of ROCK, ROCK1 and ROCK2, and they have different functions in several vascular components. The Ras homolog gene family member A/ROCK pathway plays an important role in various fundamental cellular functions, including contraction, motility, proliferation, and apoptosis, whereas its excessive activity is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. For the past 20 years, a series of translational research studies have demonstrated the important roles of ROCK in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. At the molecular and cellular levels, ROCK upregulates several molecules related to inflammation, thrombosis, and fibrosis. In animal experiments, ROCK plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vasospasm, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, and heart failure. Finally, at the human level, ROCK is substantially involved in the pathogenesis of coronary vasospasm, angina pectoris, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, and heart failure. Furthermore, ROCK activity in circulating leukocytes is a useful biomarker for the assessment of disease severity and therapeutic responses in vasospastic angina, heart failure, and pulmonary hypertension. In addition to fasudil, many other ROCK inhibitors are currently under development for various indications. Thus, the ROCK pathway is an important novel therapeutic target in cardiovascular medicine.
Deficiency of Superoxide Dismutase Impairs Protein C Activation and Enhances Susceptibility to Experimental Thrombosis
Authors: Dayal Sanjana , Gu Sean X. , Hutchins Ryan D. , Wilson Katina M. , Wang Yi , Fu Xiaoyun , Lentz Steven R.
Published: June 2015

Objective—

Clinical evidence suggests an association between oxidative stress and vascular disease, and in vitro studies have demonstrated that reactive oxygen species can have prothrombotic effects on vascular and blood cells. It remains unclear, however, whether elevated levels of reactive oxygen species accelerate susceptibility to experimental thrombosis in vivo.

Approach and Results—

Using a murine model with genetic deficiency in superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), we measured susceptibility to carotid artery thrombosis in response to photochemical injury. We found that SOD1-deficient (
Sod1
−/−
) mice formed stable arterial occlusions significantly faster than wild-type (

Sod1
+/+

) mice (
P
<0.05).
Sod1
−/−
mice also developed significantly larger venous thrombi than

Sod1
+/+

mice after inferior vena cava ligation (
P
<0.05). Activation of protein C by thrombin in lung was diminished in
Sod1
−/−
mice (
P
<0.05 versus
Sod1
+/+
mice), and generation of activated protein C in response to infusion of thrombin in vivo was decreased in
Sod1
−/−
mice (
P
<0.05 versus

Sod1
+/+

mice). SOD1 deficiency had no effect on the expression of thrombomodulin, endothelial protein C receptor, or tissue factor in lung or levels of protein C in plasma. Exposure of human thrombomodulin to superoxide in vitro caused oxidation of multiple methionine residues, including critical methionine 388, and a 40% decrease in thrombomodulin-dependent activation of protein C (
P
<0.05). SOD and catalase protected against superoxide-induced methionine oxidation and restored protein C activation in vitro (
P
<0.05).

Conclusions—

SOD prevents thrombomodulin methionine oxidation, promotes protein C activation, and protects against arterial and venous thrombosis in mice.
p
‐Cresyl Sulfate Aggravates Cardiac Dysfunction Associated With Chronic Kidney Disease by Enhancing Apoptosis of Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Han Hui , Zhu Jinzhou , Zhu Zhengbin , Ni Jingwei , Du Run , Dai Yang , Chen Yanjia , Wu Zhijun , Lu Lin , Zhang Ruiyan
Published: June 2015

Background

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease. A body of evidence suggests that
p
‐cresyl sulfate (
PCS
), a uremic toxin, is associated with the cardiovascular mortality rate of patients with chronic kidney disease; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this feature have not yet been fully elucidated.

Methods and Results

We aimed to determine whether
PCS
accumulation could adversely affect cardiac dysfunction via direct cytotoxicity to cardiomyocytes. In mice that underwent 5/6 nephrectomy,
PCS
promoted cardiac apoptosis and affected the ratio of left ventricular transmitral early peak flow velocity to left ventricular transmitral late peak flow velocity (the E/A ratio) observed by echocardiography (n=8 in each group). Apocynin, an inhibitor of
NADPH
oxidase activity, attenuates this alteration of the E/A ratio (n=6 in each group).
PCS
also exhibited proapoptotic properties in H9c2 cells by upregulating the expression of p22
phox
and p47
phox
,
NADPH
oxidase subunits, and the production of reactive oxygen species. Apocynin and
N
‐acetylcysteine were both able to suppress the effect of
PCS
, underscoring the importance of
NADPH
oxidase activation for the mechanism of action.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that the cardiac toxicity of
PCS
is at least partially attributed to induced
NADPH
oxidase activity and reactive oxygen species production facilitating cardiac apoptosis and resulting in diastolic dysfunction.
Predictive Factors for Rebleeding After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: van Donkelaar Carlina E. , Bakker Nicolaas A. , Veeger Nic J.G.M. , Uyttenboogaart Maarten , Metzemaekers Jan D.M. , Luijckx Gert-Jan , Groen Rob J.M. , van Dijk J. Marc C.
Published: June 2015

Background and Purpose—

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating type of stroke associated with high morbidity and mortality. One of the most feared complications is an early rebleeding before aneurysm repair. Predictors for such an often fatal rebleeding are largely unknown. We therefore aimed to determine predictors for an early rebleeding after aSAH in relation with time after ictus.

Methods—

This observational prospective cohort study included all consecutive patients admitted with aSAH between January 1998 and December 2014 (n=1337) at our University Neurovascular Center. Clinical predictors for rebleeding ≤24 hours were identified using multivariable Cox regression analyses. Kaplan–Meier analyses were applied to evaluate the time of rebleeding ≤72 hours after aSAH.

Results—

A modified Fisher grade of 3 to 4 was a predictor for an in-hospital rebleeding ≤24 hours after ictus (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.1–10.6;
P
<0.001). The numbers needed to treat to prevent 1 rebleeding ≤24 hours was calculated 15 (95% confidence interval, 10–25). Also, the initiation of external cerebrospinal fluid-drainage (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–2.5;
P
<0.001) was independently associated with a rebleeding ≤24 hours. Cumulative in-hospital rebleeding rates were 5.8% ≤24 hours, and 1.2% in the time frame 24–72 hours after ictus.

Conclusions—

In our opinion, timing of treatment of aSAH patients, especially those with an modified Fisher grade of 3 or 4 in a good clinical condition, should be reconsidered. These aSAH patients might be regarded a medical emergency, requiring aneurysm repair as soon as possible. In this respect, our findings should provoke the debate on timing of aneurysm repair, especially in patients considered to be at high risk for rebleeding.
Comparative Sociology as an Inquiry and as a Teaching Discipline: An Attempt of Comparative Analysis
Authors: Rezaev Andrey V. , Starikov Valentin S. , Tregubova Natalia D.
Published: June 2015

What can variously be understood as “comparative sociology” take different contours and raise further issues and questions in different sociological traditions which in turn are shaped by different theoretical paradigms. The paper outlines conceptual and theoretical framework for a discussion about the current status of comparative sociology. Comparative sociology is perceived as an organization of research through constant comparisons at the different levels and stages of research. The paper presents outcomes of the field research that is developed on the basis of distinction between two modalities of comparative sociology: comparative sociology as an inquiry and comparative sociology as a teaching discipline. One basic and two subordinate alternative hypotheses are tested in the course of comparative analysis of the seven cases. Discussion of these cases results in formulation of specific questions for further research.
Religion, Paranormal Beliefs, and Distrust in Science: Comparing East versus West
Authors: Clobert Magali , Saroglou Vassilis
Published: June 2015

Studies in Western contexts suggest that religiosity is in conflict with rationality since it relates to paranormal beliefs and distrust in science. East Asian cultures, known to be holistic and tolerant of contradictions, may, however, not experience this conflict. Using the International Social Survey Program, we analyzed data from Buddhists, Protestants, and Catholics in South Korea ( Ns = 358; 391; 135), as well as Catholics and Protestants in Austria and Denmark ( Ns = 715; 1,545). Results confirmed a positive association between religiosity and paranormal beliefs among dominant religious group but not among Korean Christians. Moreover, whereas religiosity in the West correlated positively with distrust in science, the opposite held for religious Korean groups. Religiosity mediated the relationship between paranormal beliefs and distrust in science among all dominant religious groups but in opposite directions in East and West. These findings bring a new cross-cultural perspective on the religion-science relationship.
When Agony Begets Zealotry
Authors: Mashuri Ali , Zaduqisti Esti , Sakdiah Halimatus , Sukmawati Fitri
Published: June 2015

The current investigations examine how globalization signifying either identity threat or realistic threat has a differential role in mediating the effect of competitive victim-hood on Muslims’ religious fundamentalism. Study 1 ( N = 119) revealed that identity globalization threat and not realistic globalization threat significantly mediated the effect of competitive victimhood on Muslims’ religious fundamentalism. Study 2 ( N = 155) successfully replicated the finding in Study 1. Moreover, Study 2 also revealed that such mediating role of identity globalization threat was stronger among participants perceiving Muslims as having high than low group entitativity, which refers to the extent to which Muslims as a group are considered to be a one, homogenous collective rather than an aggregation of individuals. Theoretical implications for understanding situational or social factors of Muslims’ religious fundamentalism are discussed, as are strategies to reduce competitive victimhood among members of this religious group.
Using an information literacy curriculum map as a means of communication and accountability for stakeholders in higher education
Authors: Charles Leslin
Published: June 2015

Many academic libraries are coping with limited library staff, a burgeoning student population, and constantly evolving curriculum. How can academic librarians ensure that students are receiving a systematic and hierarchical set of information literacy (IL) competencies that will make them agile and adept information seekers and users who can cope with changing modes of information delivery and access? How can they be accountable to students, themselves, and to their institutions? Creating and implementing an information literacy curriculum map (ILCM) can provide a cohesive delivery of IL across the curriculum. A map aligns IL competencies with core courses, specific courses in a discipline, and assessment points. This article will describe the creation and implementation of an ILCM in addressing the needs of stakeholders at colleges and universities. The process of creating and use of the ILCM has facilitated and increased communication among teaching faculty, administrators, and academic librarians at Berkeley College. It has allowed the librarians to be more intentional in their teaching and assessment strategies. Furthermore, an ILCM used in conjunction with an assessment plan has served to make the IL programme and activities more transparent to the institution, thereby ensuring accountability to internal stakeholders and external reviewers.
Four new caponiids species (Araneae, Caponiidae) from the West Indies and redescription of Nops blandus (Bryant)
Authors: SÁNCHEZ–RUIZ ALEXANDER , BRESCOVIT ANTONIO D. , ALAYÓN GIRALDO
Published: June 2015

We update the knowledge of the unusual Caponiidae spiders from the West Indies with the description of four new species, and the redescription of Nops blandus (Bryant) including the first description of the female. Specimens previously assigned to N. blandus from Hispaniola and Puerto Rico represents two new species: Nops hispaniola n. sp. and Nops agnarssoni n. sp. respectively; while the distribution of the former is limited to British and U. S. Virgin Islands. The others two new species are Nops finisfurvus n. sp. from British Virgin Islands and Cubanops luquillo n. sp. from Puerto Rico. Female internal genitalia of Nops species are described, photographed and illustrated for the first time.
The hydrozoan fauna (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the peaks of the Ormonde and Gettysburg seamounts (Gorringe Bank, NE Atlantic)
Authors: MOURA CARLOS J.
Published: June 2015

Twenty-seven species of hydroids were collected from the peaks (35–42 meters depth) of the Gorringe Bank (NE Atlantic) during the oceanographic campaign ‘LusoExpedição Olympus 2008’. Twenty-one of these species are new for the Gorringe Bank that now has published records for a total of 37 hydroid species. Lafoeina tenuis, Sertularella ellisii and Clytia hemisphaerica were the most abundant hydroid species collected. Results revealed spatial differences in the composition of species assemblages along the summits of the Gorringe, as only 14 of the species sampled were found both in the Ormonde and Gettysburg seamounts. The large density of algae at the peaks of the seamounts sustain a considerable hydrozoan diversity (23 species), but visibly inhibits the establishment of hydroids to the rocky substrates (only 2 species found). All the known hydrozoan species from the peaks of the Gorringe were exclusively collected during summer, thus sampling in other seasons may reveal further hydrozoan diversity due to seasonal patterns of growth of algae and hydroids. Nevertheless, the reasonably high levels of hydrozoan biodiversity demonstrated only from a small portion the summits of the Gorringe, corroborate its seamounts as ‘biodiversity hotspots’. In agreement with previous investigations with shallow-water molluscs and sponges, the shallow-water hydroid fauna of the Gorringe revealed greater biogeographical affinities with the Mediterranean and mainland Portugal. This is the first report of Eudendrium armatum outside of the Mediterranean.
On the spider genus Thymoites in the Neotropical Region (Araneae, Theridiidae): nine new species, complementary descriptions and new records
Authors: RODRIGUES EVERTON NEI LOPES , BRESCOVIT ANTONIO D.
Published: June 2015

The theridiid genus Thymoites Keyserling, 1884 is distributed worldwide. Spiders of this genus are mainly known from the Neotropical Region, but are poorly studied in Brazil. In this paper nine new species of Thymoites are described from Brazil, one from the state of Alagoas: Thymoites murici n. sp.; two from São Paulo: T. bocaina n. sp., T. ilhabela n. sp. and T. taiobeiras n. sp. from states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo; one from the state of Santa Catarina: Thymoites tabuleiro n. sp.; and, three from state of Rio Grande do Sul: Thymoites cristal n. sp., T. camaqua n. sp. and T. piratini n. sp., all based on males and females; and one from the state of Rio de Janeiro: T. pinheiral n. sp. based on male. The male of Thymoites puer (Mello-Leitão, 1941) and the female of T. melloleitaoni (Bristowe, 1938) are here described and illustrated for the first time. Additionally, new records from Brazil are provided for Thymoites ilvan Levi, 1964 for state of Santa Catarina; T. iritus Levi, 1964 for state of Goiás; T. piarco (Levi, 1959) for state of Amazonas; and, T. struthio (Simon, 1895) for Bolivia.
Colobognatha millipedes in the Caucasus (Diplopoda: Polyzoniida, Platydesmida, Siphonocryptida)
Authors: GOLOVATCH SERGEI , EVSYUKOV ALEKSANDR , REIP HANS S.
Published: June 2015

The superorder Colobognatha is represented in the Caucasus by three genera and species, one each in the orders Polyzoniida, Platydesmida and Siphonocryptida. Hirudisoma roseum (Victor, 1839) (Hirudisomatidae, Polyzoniida) is especially widespread, ranging from S Russia, Abkhazia, Georgia (with a neotype designated and described from Kakhetia, E Georgia) and NW Azerbaijan to E Turkey, and also including H. ponticum (Lohmander, 1939) (junior subjective synonym, syn. nov.). Fioria hyrcana Golovatch, 1980 (Andrognathidae, Platydesmida) is endemic to the Hyrcanian parts of the Republic of Azerbaijan and NW Iran along the western and southern coasts of the Caspian Sea. Due to the finding of Hirudicryptus abchasicus sp. nov. (Siphonocryptidae, Siphonocryptida), from a single locality in Abkhazia, NW Caucasus, the order Siphonocryptida is new to the fauna of the region. A key to all four species of the trans-Palaearctic genus Hirudicryptus is given. All three Caucasian species of Colobognatha are described in due detail and abundantly illustrated, and their distributions mapped.
The Madden–Julian Oscillation and Boreal Winter Forecast Skill: An Analysis of NCEP CFSv2 Reforecasts
Authors: Jones Charles , Hazra Abheera , Carvalho Leila M. V.
Published: June 2015

The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is the main mode of tropical intraseasonal variations and bridges weather and climate. Because the MJO has a slow eastward propagation and longer time scale relative to synoptic variability, significant interest exists in exploring the predictability of the MJO and its influence on extended-range weather forecasts (i.e., 2–4-week lead times). This study investigates the impact of the MJO on the forecast skill in Northern Hemisphere extratropics during boreal winter. Several 45-day forecasts of geopotential height (500 hPa) from NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) reforecasts are used (1 November–31 March 1999–2010). The variability of the MJO expressed as different amplitudes, durations, and recurrence (i.e., primary and successive events) and their influence on forecast skill is analyzed and compared against inactive periods (i.e., null cases). In general, forecast skill during enhanced MJO convection over the western Pacific is systematically higher than in inactive days. When the enhanced MJO convection is over the Maritime Continent, forecasts are lower than in null cases, suggesting potential model deficiencies in accurately forecasting the eastward propagation of the MJO over that region and the associated extratropical response. In contrast, forecasts are more skillful than null cases when the enhanced convection is over the western Pacific and during long, intense, and successive MJO events. These results underscore the importance of the MJO as a potential source of predictability on 2–4-week lead times.
Routes to Dissipation under Different Dynamical Conditions
Authors: Brüggemann Nils , Eden Carsten
Published: June 2015

In this study, it is investigated how ageostrophic dynamics generate an energy flux toward smaller scales. Numerical simulations of baroclinic instability are used with varying dynamical conditions ranging from quasigeostrophic balance to ageostrophic flows. It turns out that dissipation at smaller scales by viscous friction is much more efficient if the flow is dominated by ageostrophic dynamics than in quasigeostrophic conditions. In the presence of ageostrophic dynamics, an energy flux toward smaller scales is observed while energy is transferred toward larger scales for quasigeostrophic dynamics. Decomposing the velocity field into its rotational and divergent components shows that only the divergent velocity component, which becomes stronger for ageostrophic flows, features a downscale flux. Variation of the dynamical conditions from ageostrophic dynamics to quasigeostrophic balanced flows shows that the forward energy flux and therefore the small-scale dissipation decreases as soon as the horizontal divergent velocity component decreases. A functional relationship between the small-scale dissipation and the local Richardson number is estimated. This functional relationship is used to obtain a global estimate of the small-scale dissipation of 0.31 ± 0.23 TW from a high-resolution realistic global ocean model. This emphasizes that an ageostrophic direct route to dissipation might be of importance in the ocean energy cycle.
Mesoscale Thermodynamic Influences on Convection Initiation near a Surface Dryline in a Convection-Permitting Ensemble
Authors: Trier Stanley B. , Romine Glen S. , Ahijevych David A. , Trapp Robert J. , Schumacher Russ S. , Coniglio Michael C. , Stensrud David J.
Published: June 2015

In this study, the authors examine initiation of severe convection along a daytime surface dryline in a 10-member ensemble of convection-permitting simulations. Results indicate that the minimum buoyancy Bmin of PBL air parcels must be small (Bmin > −0.5°C) for successful deep convection initiation (CI) to occur along the dryline. Comparing different ensemble members reveals that CAPE magnitudes (allowing for entrainment) and the width of the zone of negligible Bmin extending eastward from the dryline act together to influence CI. Since PBL updrafts that initiate along the dryline move rapidly northeast in the vertically sheared flow as they grow into the free troposphere, a wider zone of negligible Bmin helps ensure adequate time for incipient storms to mature, which, itself, is hastened by larger CAPE.

Local Bmin budget calculations and trajectory analysis are used to quantify physical processes responsible for the reduction of negative buoyancy prior to CI. Here, the grid-resolved forcing and forcing from temperature and moisture tendencies in the PBL scheme (arising from surface fluxes) contribute about equally in ensemble composites. However, greater spatial variability in grid-resolved forcing focuses the location of the greatest net forcing along the dryline. The grid-resolved forcing is influenced by a thermally direct vertical circulation, where time-averaged ascent at the east edge of the dryline results in locally deeper moisture and cooler conditions near the PBL top. Horizontal temperature advection spreads the cooler air eastward above higher equivalent potential temperature air at source levels of convecting air parcels, resulting in a wider zone of negligible Bmin that facilitates sustained CI.
Effects of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation on Drought Impacts in the United States
Authors: Boehlert Brent , Fitzgerald Ellen , Neumann James E. , Strzepek Kenneth M. , Martinich Jeremy
Published: June 2015

The authors present a method for analyzing the economic benefits to the United States resulting from changes in drought frequency and severity due to global greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation. The method begins by constructing reduced-form models of the effect of drought on agriculture and reservoir recreation in the contiguous United States. These relationships are then applied to drought projections based on two climate stabilization scenarios and two twenty-first-century time periods. Drought indices are sector specific and include both the standardized precipitation index and the Palmer drought severity index. It is found that the modeled regional effects of drought on each sector are negative, almost always statistically significant, and often large in magnitude. These results confirm that drought has been an important driver of historical reductions in economic activity in these sectors. Comparing a reference climate scenario to two GHG mitigation scenarios in 2050 and 2100, the authors find that, for the agricultural sector, mitigation reduces both drought incidence and damages through its effects on temperature and precipitation, despite regional differences in the sign and magnitude of effects under certain model scenarios. The current annual damages of drought across all sectors have been estimated at $6–$8 billion (U.S. dollars), but this analysis shows that average annual benefits of GHG mitigation to the U.S. agricultural sector alone reach $980 million by 2050 and upward of $2.2 billion by 2100. Benefits to reservoir recreation depend on reservoir location and data availability. Economic benefits of GHG mitigation are highest in the southwestern United States, where drought frequency is projected to increase most dramatically in the absence of GHG mitigation policies.
Optimal Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After DES Implantation
Authors: Verdoia Monica , Schaffer Alon , Barbieri Lucia , Montalescot Gilles , Collet Jean-Philippe , Colombo Antonio , Suryapranata Harry , De Luca Giuseppe
Published: June 2015

Despite new-generations of drug-eluting stents (DESs), the optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized trials (RTs) evaluating the effectiveness and safety of shorter versus longer DAPT duration strategies in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions with DES. Literature and main scientific session abstracts were searched. The primary end point was mortality. Secondary end points were (1) cardiovascular mortality, (2) nonfatal myocardial infarction, (3) definite/probable stent thrombosis (ST), and (4) major bleedings. We included 11 RTs (n = 32 372 patients). Shorter DAPT duration reduced mortality (odds ratio, OR [95% confidence interval, CI] = 0.85 [0.71-1], P = .05; p heterogeneity = 0.91). Similar results were observed when comparing 3 to 6 versus 12 months DAPT, while a significant increase in recurrent ischemic events was found for 6 to 12 months DAPT versus extended treatment (myocardial infarction: OR [95%CI] = 1.66 [1.37-2], P < .00001; phet = 0.13 and ST: OR [95%CI] = 2.47 [1.72-3.45], P < .00001; phet = 0.12), however, counterbalanced by a significant reduction in major bleeding (OR [95%CI] = 0.60 [0.47-0.76], P < .0001; phet = 0.38) and a trend in lower mortality. Thus, among selected patients undergoing DES implantation, a shorter DAPT strategy is associated with reduction in mortality and major bleeding but a higher risk of myocardial infarction and ST. A short duration (3-6 months) of DAPT appears as the safest strategy, while a prolonged duration (24-36 months) reduces thrombotic complications but with an excess in major bleeding complications.
The sociology of emotions: Four decades of progress
Authors: Bericat Eduardo
Published: June 2015

The emotions that human beings experience play a fundamental role in all social phenomena. As a result, sociology needs to incorporate the analysis of affective structures and emotional dynamics into its objects of study. The integration of feelings, affects, moods and emotional states into sociological research, which began four decades ago with the birth of the sociology of emotions, must continue advancing until emotions are fully integrated into the general sociological perspective. This article offers an introductory and critical overview of the work sociologists of emotions have carried out so far. They have helped us, first of all, to understand what an emotion is, the countless number of existing feelings, and the great complexity of emotional processes. Second, they have revealed the social nature of human emotions, and the emotional nature of social phenomena. Third, they have developed a number of theoretical approaches to studying the emotions. And, lastly, they have carried out sociological analyses of many specific emotions (fear, trust, shame, etc.), and emotional analyses in many areas of sociology (gender, work, organizations, social movements, etc.). This article also offers suggestions for the future development of the sociology of emotions, and a selected and updated bibliography.
Land grievances and the mobilization of electoral violence
Authors: Klaus Kathleen , Mitchell Matthew I
Published: June 2015

Recent studies have asked why elites resort to violence, yet many overlook the process and dynamics of mobilizing violence. How do politicians convince their supporters to fight ? This article argues that in multi-ethnic and democratizing societies where land and property rights are weak and politicized, land grievances can provide leaders with a powerful tool to organize electoral violence. We develop a theory to show how land grievances can give rise to violent mobilization when leaders frame elections as a threat to the land security of supporters or an opportunity to reclaim land or strengthen land rights. Conversely, land grievances are ineffective when citizens do not believe that elections signal a credible threat to their land security or an opportunity to strengthen land rights. We further specify how the type of land grievance shapes the logic and form of violent action. Grievances based on land insecurity shape a pre-emptive logic of violence, while grievances based on competing land claims often shape an opportunistic logic of electoral violence. The article examines the validity of our theory using a comparative case study between zones of escalation and non-escalation of violence during post-electoral crises in Kenya (2007–08) and Côte d’Ivoire (2010–11). By observing the variation between positive and negative cases, the article identifies factors that foment and constrain the mobilization of election violence.
How Sexually Dimorphic Are Human Mate Preferences?
Authors: Conroy-Beam Daniel , Buss David M. , Pham Michael N. , Shackelford Todd K.
Published: June 2015

Previous studies on sex-differentiated mate preferences have focused on univariate analyses. However, because mate selection is inherently multidimensional, a multivariate analysis more appropriately measures sex differences in mate preferences. We used the Mahalanobis distance ( D) and logistic regression to investigate sex differences in mate preferences with data secured from participants residing in 37 cultures ( n = 10,153). Sex differences are large in multivariate terms, yielding an overall D = 2.41, corresponding to overlap between the sexes of just 22.8%. Moreover, knowledge of mate preferences alone affords correct classification of sex with 92.2% accuracy. Finally, pattern-wise sex differences are negatively correlated with gender equality across cultures but are nonetheless cross-culturally robust. Discussion focuses on implications in evaluating the importance and magnitude of sex differences in mate preferences.
Associations Between Personality and Physical Aggression in Chinese and U.S. Adolescents
Authors: Wang Jennifer M. , Hartl Amy C. , Laursen Brett , Booth-LaForce Cathryn , Rubin Kenneth H.
Published: June 2015

Youth aggression is a serious global issue, but research identifying personality traits associated with aggression has focused on adults. Little is known about whether similar associations exist during adolescence; even less is known about these associations across cultures. This study examined links between personality and physical aggression in U.S. and Chinese adolescents, and tested whether temper mediates these associations. U.S. ( N = 250) and Chinese ( N = 199) young adolescents ([Formula: see text] age = 13.43 years) completed self-reports describing personality, temper, and aggression. Path analyses demonstrated that temper significantly mediated associations from agreeableness and neuroticism to aggression in both samples. The mediating effect of temper was marginally stronger in the Chinese sample than in the U.S. sample, suggesting temper plays a more important role in youth aggression in China than in the United States. Findings highlight the universal role of affect in aggression and demonstrate the importance of cultural context in understanding links between personality and youth aggression.