bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Previous History and Background of Transformation of the Descriptive Geometry in the Engineering Geometry
Authors: Иванов  , Ivanov G.
Published: August 2016

In the past decade is widely discussed the problem of

geometric and graphic training of students of technical universities

in Russia. In 1980-2005 arose contradictions between traditional

and innovative methods of teaching for descriptive geometry and

engineering graphics. This marked the article Professor P.A. Tunakov,

in which descriptive geometry was carried to a dying science. This

radical statement in subsequent years was supported by V.A. Rukavishnikov

[15; 16] and A.L. Kheifets. An additional impetus to

discussions was given by the developers of the Federal state educational

standards of higher education (FSES), which declared the

competence approach to the process of learning and evaluation of

knowledge of graduates. Introduction in educational process of

computer graphics

and the appearance of technologies of 3D modeling

prompted some representatives of the departments of engineering

graphics towards the radical statements:

• descriptive geometry as a graphic discipline became "moribund",

"morally obsolete";

• it is necessary to refuse from the method of projection, as

"fundamentally important is a matter of conformity to the dimension

of the three-dimensional computer model and the

modeled object".

The article proves the incorrectness of these statements. History

and background of transformation of the descriptive geometry in

the engineering geometry are shown:

1) references to the dynamics of change subjects of presentations

at the Moscow seminars on descriptive geometry and on engineering

graphics during 1944–1965; the themes of dissertations

on the specialty 05.01.01 engineering geometry and computer

graphics (up to 1977 – applied geometry and engineering graphics);

2) the requirements of competence-based learning model to establish:

• intrasubject links (combination of synthetics and analytical

methods of problem solving);

• interdisciplinary connections by expanding the subject of

the discipline of the multidimensional shapes;

3) the incorrectness of opposing the "by the radicals" of 2D and

3D models, for they are complementary the types of modeling

single method of two images.
Descriptive Geometry — the Base of Computer Graphics
Authors: Сальков  , Sal'kov Nikolay
Published: August 2016

Everyone knows that descriptive geometry is a science,

but there is no definition of the computer graphics. If computer

graphics is announced as a science, you can continue to call descriptive

geometry outdated and to demand of its abolition. But if the computer graphics has nothing to do with the science, and if

it is only a tool to perform the procedures of descriptive geometry

and other branches of geometry, everyone who tried to discredit

descriptive geometry, will be in a difficult position: they will have

nothing more to say, because in it is unwise to replace science on

tool. It is known that engineering graphics so far does not have the

status of science. It is a discipline that fully applies the laws of

other geometrical sciences.

There are many questions such as: why are there claims that

descriptive geometry is 2D? Why do some specialists claim that

descriptive geometry is a projection on a single plane? They forgot

that descriptive geometry uses the method of two images or method

of two traces. But this method of two images is used everywhere!

On the first lecture we tell students: the projection is carried out

on two planes of projection, a point in space can be fixed only by

means of three coordinates and the point must have at least two

projections. It means, that descriptive geometry works with three

coordinates, in other words — in 3D. The image produced on the

display screen in the so-called 3D, is neither more nor less than

axonometric projection on the plane — appropriate section of

descriptive geometry.

In conclusion, the author offers to classify the computer graphics

as a tool for the experience of all branches of geometrical science,

but not as a free-standing science.
The use of technical means of education and multimedia presentations in the teaching of discipline "Criminal procedure law (Criminal Procedure)"
Authors: Горач  , Gorach Nikolay
Published: August 2016

changing approaches to the organization of educational process in high school pays great attention to the use technical means of education and multimedia presentations in teaching, as are of considerable interest to participants in the process of vocational education, bringing it to a qualitatively new level.
On the Implementation of HACCP principles in vocational education
Authors: Димитриев  , Dimitriev Aleksey , Сепиашвили  , Sepiashvili Ekaterina
Published: August 2016

The change of the legal framework in the field of food production entails changes in the educational programs at vocational training experts in the field of technology of public catering production, it should be noted that such changes must be integrated include a system of vocational education and manufacturers.
Legal Problems of Corruption Crimes Classification
Authors: Черепанова Екатерина , Cherepanova Ekaterina
Published: August 2016

The main goal of criminal legal science is determination of correlation between action and characteristics of corpus delicti which is constituted by criminal legislation. Only correct classification of crimes can guarantee justice preserved by law. The criminal legal assessment of corruption crimes is a separate problem of classification. Classification of such crimes is difficult in current activity of lawenforcement authorities and courts because of the conflict of law, redundancy of estimation definitions, etc. Besides the problem of counteraction of corruption was formulated as the main challenge of state. In the article are analyzed the legislation and law-enforcement practice. The conclusion contains recommendations which can lower the amount of mistakes in corruption crimes classification.
Pricing Data Services: Pricing by Minutes, by Gigs, or by Megabytes per Second?
Authors: Chen Ying-Ju , Huang Ke-Wei
Published: August 2016

Motivated by the pervasive discrepancy among the pricing schemes of data services, this paper investigates the selection of pricing metrics (variables) and the corresponding pricing plans. We construct a stylized model in which a monopoly data services seller faces heterogeneous consumers whose utilities depend on the usage and the connection speed. We examine three options for the seller to conduct the second-degree (indirect) price discrimination: by minutes, by gigabytes (Gigs), and by megabytes per second (Mbps). We show that the after-sales self-selection behaviors have a significant impact on the seller’s profitability, and it leads to a first-order influence on the pricing metric selection. We prove that either pricing by Gigs or Mbps can be optimal. Pricing by Gigs can dominate pricing by Mbps even if the consumer’s utility is more sensitive in changes in the connection speed. We also find that when incorporating the bandwidth costs or congestion costs, pricing by Mbps becomes more attractive as it allows the seller to directly control the congestion effect. These findings may help practitioners to develop their own pricing plans and pricing metrics selection.
The abundance of phytoplankton and its relationship to the N/P ratio in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia
Authors: SIDABUTAR TUMPAK , BENGEN DIETRIECH G. , WOUTHUYZEN SAM , PARTONO TRI
Published: August 2016

Sidabutar T, Bengen DG, Wouthuyzen S, Partono T. 2016. The abundance of phytoplankton and its relationship to the N/P ratio in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17: 673-678. The occurrence of phytoplankton blooms in Jakarta Bay has increased significantly, and resulted in, the mass mortality of fish and other organisms. Phytoplankton bloom events are indicated by a change in the color of the seaâ€™s surface. Generally, phytoplankton growth is influenced by the levels of nutrients in the water, while spatial distribution is influenced by the pattern of the current. In connection with this phenomenon, research was conducted in 2010, 2011 and 2013, to determine the abundance and distribution of phytoplankton and their connection with the N/P ratio. The results showed that the abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 40x106 cells/m3 up to 1699.1x106 cells/m3, with the highest recorded data was during the east monsoon in 2010 and the lowest during the first transition period of 2011. The predominant phytoplanktons were frequently diatoms such as Skeletonema, Chaetoceros and Thalassiosira. The distribution of phytoplankton seemingly follows the nutrient concentration ratio where phosphate acted as the limiting factor and nitrogen as the triggering factor. The higher the N/P ratio, the more potentially uncontrolled growth of phytoplankton occurred. When the availability of nutrients increased an increase in total algal biomass occurred, however, the alteration in nutrient composition led to a change in composition of community.
Biological characteristics on three demersal fish landed in Tegal, north coast of Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: NUGROHO DUTO , PATRIA MUFTI P. , SUPRIATNA JATNA , ADRIANTO LUKY
Published: August 2016

Nugroho D, Patria MP, Supriatna J, Andrianto L. 2016. Biological characteristics on three demersal fish landed in Tegal, north coast of Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17: 679-686. Java Sea has a potential marine biodiversity that has been harvested since years. Demersal fish resources is one of the targeted species by Danish seine fisheries operated in North coast of Java. To support on developing conservation and management measures, an observation on species composition, length frequencies and maturity stages were carried out during August 2014 to July 2015. Sampling took place in landing place of Tegalsari fishing port central Java. A total 129 fish species identified, among them 91 species were targeted as edible fish. Sampling on three dominant species i.e., Purple-spotted bigeye Priacanthus tayenus (Richardson, 1846), Lattice monocle bream Scolopsis taenioptera (Cuvier, 1830) and goatfish Upeneus sulphureus (Cuvier, 1829) were measured regarding length, weight and their maturity stages. The results shows that length-weight relationship for each species were P. tayenus W = 0.0324 L 2.7321, S. taenioptera W = 0.0366 L2.7262 and U. sulphureus W = 0.038 L2.7312.Monthly average GSI of P. tayenus and S. taenioptera indicated that the highest index occurred during SE monsoon while U. sulphureus on NW monsoon. Maturity stage analysis indicated that estimated of length at first maturity (Lm) were at 12.9 cmFL (U. sulphureus), 16.8 cmFL (S. taenioptera) and 19.4 cmFL (P. tayenus). Size frequency distribution shows that most of the fish were caught at immature cohorts. The diversity or evenness indices of ichtyofauna is also described as descriptors of community structure and be complemented with information on biological characteristics of those dominant species.Keywords: Demersal fish, dominant species, biological characteristics, north coast, Java
Short Communication: RAPD fingerprinting key and phylogenetic of nine seagrass species from Sanur coastal water, Bali, Indonesia using matK sequences
Authors: PHARMAWATI MADE , NURKAMILA UUL SHOVI , STEVANUS STEVANUS
Published: August 2016

Pharmawati M, Nurkamila US, Stevanus. 2016. RAPD fingerprinting key and phylogenetic of nine seagrass species from Sanur coastal water, Bali, Indonesia using matK sequence. Biodiversitas 17: 687-693. In Bali, there are nine species of seagrass identified based on morphological characteristics. Development of molecular markers assist identificaton and evolutionary studies of many species including seagrass species. This study aimed to develop a fingerprinting key of nine seagrass species found at Sanur (Sanur Beach and Sindhu Beach), Bali, based on RAPD markers and to analyse their phylogenetic relationships using the matK region. Seagrass samples were collected at low tide and DNA was extracted using CTAB buffer. Six RAPD primers were used in the study. Sequences of matK were analyzed using MEGA 5.2. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by Maximum Likelihood method with 1000 bootstrap replicates. Based on RAPD banding pattern, a DNA fingerprinting key was successfully developed using only one primer â€” OPB12. Phylogenetic analysis of matK sequences grouped seagrass species by genera. There were five clades identified and the tree recognised that Cymodoceaceae was paraphyletic. This result is in disagreement with a previous study using combined rbcL and matK sequences which discussed the monophyly of Cymodoceaceae. Recent published paper using ITS sequence showed that cymodoceaceae might not be monophyletic group. This result supported our finding that Cymodoceaceae is not in the monophyletic group. Combined DNA sequences of chloroplast, nuclear and published paper using ITS sequencing showed that Cymodoceaceae mitochondrial DNA will further resolve phylogeny of seagrass species.
Profil Terapi Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) pada Malaria Anak di RSUD. Scholoo Keyen, Kabupaten Sorong Selatan, Papua Barat Studi Retrospektif
Authors: Wadana Catur Prangga , Krimadi Rosaline , Siregar Rustam , Lestari Endang Dewi , Salimo Harsono
Published: August 2016

Latar belakang. Malaria adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh sporozoa genus plasmodium. Terapi yang sering digunakan adalah ACT (artemisinin combination therapy) yang berguna untuk membunuh semua stadium parasit yang ada di dalam tubuh.Tujuan. Penelitian untuk melihat efektifitas terapi ACT dan profil malaria pada anak di kabupaten Sorong selatan. Metode. Penelitian potong lintang selama 2 bulan (Januari sampai februari 2015) pada 89 anak. Diagnosis malaria ditegakkan melalui pemeriksaan sediaan darah tebal dan tipis untuk menemukan parasit dan spesies malaria. Dicatat terapi ACT, manifestasi klinis, dan penyakit penyerta.Hasil. Terdapat 41 anak mengikuti penelitian, didapatkan 25 (61%) anak perempuan dengan 21 (51,3%) didominasi kelompok usia lebih dari 5 tahun. Penyakit malaria tersiana didapatkan pada 23 (56,8%) anak. Terapi ACT, menghasilkan tidak adanya parasitemia dan suhu aksila <37,50C sampai hari ke-4, menunjukkan efektifitas 95%.Kesimpulan. Terapi ACT masih efektif untuk mengobati malaria pada anak di Kabupaten Sorong Selatan.
Hubungan Kadar Serum Aminotransferase dengan Derajat Perlemakan Hati pada Remaja Obesitas
Authors: Eldrian Febianne , Jurnalis Yusri Dianne , Ali Hirowati , Bachtiar Hafni , Rozetti Rozetti
Published: August 2016

Latar belakang. Prevalensi penyakit perlemakan hati non alkoholik (PPHNA) meningkat bersamaan dengan peningkatan obesitas pada anak dan remaja. Sebagian besar PPHNA asimtomatis sehingga penting deteksi dini terutama pada remaja obes karena progresifitas dapat meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas sirosis pada dewasa muda.Tujuan. Menganalisis hubungan kadar serum aminotransferase (aspartat aminotransferase dan alanin aminotransferase) dengan derajat perlemakan hati pada remaja obesitas.Metode. Penelitian cross sectional pada remaja obesitas di Kota Padang dengan jumlah subyek penelitian 43 orang.Hasil. Rerata kadar serum ALT lebih tinggi daripada rerata kadar serum AST. Tidak ada subyek pada kelompok bukan PPHNA yang mengalami peningkatan kadar serum aminotransferase. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan USG abdomen, gambaran perlemakan hati derajat I (mild), derajat II (moderate), derajat III (severe) berturut-turut 25 (64%), 8 (20,5%), dan 6 (15,2%) orang. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara kadar serum aminotransferase dengan derajat perlemakan hati pada remaja obesitas.Kesimpulan. Rerata kadar serum aminotransferase pada kelompok PPHNA lebih tinggi daripada kelompok bukan PPHNA. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara kadar aminotransferase dengan perlemakan hati pada remaja obes. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi abdomen sebagian besar perlemakan hati adalah derajat I (mild).
Hubungan antara Kadar Total Triptofan Plasma dan Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan Gejala Depresi dan Skor Children Depression Inventory pada Siswa SMP
Authors: Moriska Marlia , Lubis Gustina , Herman Rahmatina B
Published: August 2016

Latar belakang. Kejadian depresi pada anak dan remaja terus meningkat. Depresi merupakan kelainan multifaktor, salah satu penyebab adalah rendahnya asupan asam amino triptofan dalam makanan sehari-hari yang penting untuk sintesis serotonin pada regulasi emosi. Indeks massa tubuh (IMT) menggambarkan pola makan sehari-hari.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan antara kadar total plasma triptofan dan IMT dengan gejala depresi dan skor children depression inventory (CDI) pada siswa SMP.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional pada 27 anak gejala depresi dan 27 kontrol.Hasil. Kadar triptofan total plasma pada kelompok depresi (52,54±20,57)μmol/L ditemukan lebih rendah dibanding kontrol (88,47±20,27) μmol/L, p=0,001. Nilai IMT pada kelompok depresi (17,22±3,74) kg/m2 ditemukan lebih rendah dibanding kontrol (19,61±3,14) kg/m2, p=0,014. Terdapat faktor risiko IMT abnormal terhadap depresi OR 6,4; IK95%:1,8-22. Terdapat korelasi antara kadar triptofan total plasma dengan skor CDI (r=-0,442, p=0,021).Kesimpulan. Pada kelompok depresi ditemukan kadar total triptofan plasma dan IMT yang lebih rendah dibanding kontrol. Terdapat korelasi sedang antara kadar triptofan total plasma dengan skor CDI.
Profil Pasien Infeksi Virus Dengue pada Anak di RSUD Sekadau Kabupaten Sekadau Provinsi Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Raharjanti Triswi Widyanti Mugi , Alpius Henry , Umma Husnia Auliyatul , Siregar Rustam
Published: August 2016

Latar belakang. Terdapat kenaikan kasus infeksi dengue siklus 10 tahunan dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi di RS Sekadau, Kalimantan Barat yang berbatasan dengan negara Malaysia.Tujuan. Menggambarkan profil pasien infeksi virus dengue berupa manifestasi klinis, distribusi jenis kelamin, kelompok usia, dan musim.Metode. Penelitian deskriptif dengan subyek pasien anak dengan infeksi virus dengue yang dirawat di RSUD Sekadau Kabupaten Sekadau Provinsi Kalimantan Barat April 2014-Maret 2015.Hasil. Di antara 359 pasien anak dengan infeksi virus dengue didapatkan 41 menderita demam dengue, 306 menderita demam berdarah dengue (DBD), dan 12 menderita sindrom syok dengue (SSD). Jumlah pasien laki-laki 182 dan perempuan 177, kelompok usia 0-5 tahun 132 dan usia >5 tahun-18 tahun 227 pasien. Pada musim kemarau terjadi 90 kasus dan penghujan 269 kasus. Semua kasus menunjukkan hasil pemeriksaan NS1 positif.Kesimpulan. Kasus terbanyak adalah DBD pada laki-laki dengan kelompok terbanyak usia >5 tahun-18 tahun pada musim penghujan.
Penundaan Penjepitan Tali Pusat pada Bayi Baru Lahir Cukup Bulan
Authors: Agustini Sorayah , Roeslani Rosalina D
Published: August 2016

Latar belakang. Penundaan penjepitan tali pusat selain dapat meningkatkan cadangan zat besi, juga dapat meningkatkan transfer sel induk (stem cells) ke bayi. Penundaan penjepitan tali pusat pada bayi kurang bulan dapat mengurangi kebutuhan transfusi darah, mencegah intraventricular haemorrage (IVH), dan mencegah hipotensiTujuan. Mengetahui pengaruh penundaan penjepitan tali pusat pada bayi baru lahir cukup bulan untuk mencegah anemia dan meningkatkan cadangan besi.Metode. Penelusuran pustaka database elektronik, yaitu Pubmed, Cochrane, Highwire.Hasil. Terdapat tiga meta-analisis yang relevan dengan permasalahan. Penjepitan tali pusat tunda dilakukan minimal dua menit setelah bayi lahir, sedangkan penjepitan tali pusat dini dilakukan segera setelah lahir. Didapatkan rerata Hb bayi dengan penjepitan tali pusat tunda lebih tinggi dibanding penjepitan dini pada usia tujuh jam (WMD 0,6 g/dL; IK95% 0,11-1,09) dan usia 3 bulan (weighted mean difference=WMD 1,1 g/dL; IK95% 0,66 -1,54). Perbedaan rerata Hb ini tidak bermakna pada usia enam bulan11 (WMD 0 g/dL; IK 95% 0,21- 0,21). Risiko bayi dengan penjepitan tali pusat tunda mengalami anemia lebih rendah dibanding bayi dengan penjepitan dini pada usia 24 sampai 48 jam (relative risk=RR 0,2; IK 95% 0,06 -0,66). Bayi dengan penjepitan tali pusat tunda memiliki peningkatan kadar feritin (MD 17 mcg/L; IK95% 12,15-21,85) dibandingkan penjepitan dini. Penundaan penjepitan tali pusat dapat meningkatkan kadar Hb usia 24 sampai 48 jam dan cadangan besi bayi sampai usia enam bulan.Kesimpulan. Pada bayi cukup bulan penundaan penjepitan tali pusat satu sampai tiga menit setelah lahir dapat mencegah anemia sampai usia dua bulan dan meningkatkan cadangan besi sampai usia enam bulan. Risiko yang dapat terjadi, yaitu hiperbilirubinemia dan polisitemia, walaupun tidak terbukti menimbulkan kondisi yang membahayakan.
Before Hinduism: Missionaries, Unitarians, and Hindoos in Nineteenth-Century America
Authors: Altman Michael J.
Published: August 2016

American interest in and knowledge of religion in India began before Americans imagined Hinduism as a coherent world religion. In the eighteenth and nineteenth century, Americans used a variety of terms to describe, represent, and imagine the religious culture of India: Gentoos, Hindoos, religion of the Hindoos, Hindoo religion, Brahmanism, heathenism, and paganism. Each term meant different things to different writers at different times. But there was no Hinduism, a world religion originating in India and comparable to others, in America prior to the late nineteenth century. Americans read and wrote about “Hindoos” and “Hindoo religion,” something altogether different from Hindus and Hinduism. This article analyzes two examples of American representations of Hindoo religion before Hinduism. First, it examines American missionary reports about “Hindoo heathenism” written by American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionaries and published in American missionary journals in the early nineteenth century. Second, it examines the Unitarian interest in Rammohun Roy and his growing popularity in New England during the 1820s and 1830s. Unitarian interest in Roy and ABCFM missionary reports exemplify the ways Protestant questions and interests shaped the American understanding of religions and the eventual construction of “world religions” such as Hinduism to suit American Protestant concerns.
Adaptation of Rosenberg´s Self-Esteem Scale and Ebeps-A© Self-Esteem Subscale on Portuguese Students
Authors: Tagarro Marta , Galinha Sónia
Published: August 2016

Research relating to the study of personal factors of students is currently of great importance especially those focusing on students' self-esteem. The goal of this research is to analyze the psychometric properties of Rosenberg´s Self-esteem scale and the Psychosocial Wellbeing Scale (EBEPS-A©) subscale of Self-esteem by studying the scales from two aspects which are whether the psychometric qualities of the instruments of self-esteem measures are appropriate for Portuguese students and if the instruments are one-dimensional or bi-dimensional. To understand this issue, two studies were developed for the psychometric validation of the instruments relating to self-esteem. One study investigated the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1979) on a sample of 588 students comprising 70.7% females and 29.3% males. Another study looked at the Psychosocial Wellbeing Scale (EBEPS-A©) (Galinha & Loureiro, 2005; 2006) subscale of Self-Esteem on a sample of 605 students comprising 63.3% females and 36.7% males. A Factorial analysis created a 14-item Self-esteem subscale. The Factor analysis confirmed previous studies with one factor; high saturations, a variance of 49.657 and Cronbach alpha =0.88. For the EBEPS-A©, the subscale results point to a variance of 4.53% and Cronbach alpha =0.90 which validated the appropriateness of the psychometric characteristics of both scales. The studies conclude that these instruments have proven useful in the study of self-esteem with students and may be used in future investigations.
Foreign Language Education and Dynamics of Foreign Language Competence
Authors: Stranovská Eva , Hvozdíková Silvia , Munková Dáša , Zdenka Gadušová
Published: August 2016

The aim of the current research study was to examine the dynamics of foreign language competence as applied in a programme designed for foreign language competence development in an academic environment. The programme, named The Linguistic Intervention Programme, represented a variety of active social learning techniques, self-regulated learning and a set of specific foreign language teaching strategies. One hundred and three university students participated in the research experiment. The research method utilized a foreign language proficiency test to serve as the appropriate tool to study the effects of the LIP techniques on the sample. The findings reveal that the result of the LIP in foreign language competence does not depend on the selection of foreign languages, meaning that the LIP is efficacious no matter what language is used in application of the techniques.
The Career Paths of Primary School Principals in Cyprus And Malta: A Comparative Study
Authors: Ummanel Azize
Published: August 2016

The key purpose of this study is to offer a comparison of school principals’ career development in two countries: Cyprus and Malta. The study aims to understand the biographical reasons for becoming a principal and the underlying issues of school leadership. This paper explores the career paths of ten primary school principals from randomly selected schools in Cyprus and Malta. A qualitative in-depth interviewing method was used for gathering the data in which the participants were asked nineteen questions that focus on the first two stages of their personal and professional lives – formation and accession. The results show that although the reasons for becoming a teacher are different; there are similar reasons for becoming a principal. The findings revealed that family influence played a significant role in influencing the principals’ career choice. Most of them had no formal training for their role and the primary issue of contention was related to managerial tasks and bureaucracy. The study provides an in-depth analysis of primary school principals’ professional self-actualization. The findings of this study correspond to the initial results of similar studies undertaken in Cyprus and Malta where principals experience similar challenges to those stated in earlier studies. The findings can be used by policy makers to design new policies and to improve the education of future principals.
Contraception for HIV-Infected Adolescents
Authors: Kourtis Athena P. , Mirza Ayesha ,   COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC AIDS
Published: August 2016

Access to high-quality reproductive health care is important for adolescents and young adults with HIV infection to prevent unintended pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, and secondary transmission of HIV to partners and children. As perinatally HIV-infected children mature into adolescence and adulthood and new HIV infections among adolescents and young adults continue to occur in the United States, medical providers taking care of such individuals often face issues related to sexual and reproductive health. Challenges including drug interactions between several hormonal methods and antiretroviral agents make decisions regarding contraceptive options more complex for these adolescents. Dual protection, defined as the use of an effective contraceptive along with condoms, should be central to ongoing discussions with HIV-infected young women and couples wishing to avoid pregnancy. Last, reproductive health discussions need to be integrated with discussions on HIV care, because a reduction in plasma HIV viral load below the level of detection (an “undetectable viral load”) is essential for the individual’s health as well as for a reduction in HIV transmission to partners and children.
Medical Versus Nonmedical Immunization Exemptions for Child Care and School Attendance
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON PRACTICE AND AMBULATORY MEDICINE,   COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES,   COMMITTEE ON STATE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS,   COUNCIL ON SCHOOL HEALTH,   SECTION ON ADMINISTRATION AND PRACTICE MANAGEMENT, Simon Geoffrey R. , Boudreau Alexy D. Arauz , Baker Cynthia , Barden Graham A. , Hackell Jesse , Hardin Amy , Meade Kelley , Moore Scot , Richerson Julia E. , Byington Carrie L. , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Barnett Elizabeth D. , Davies H. Dele , Edwards Kathryn M. , Lynfield Ruth , Munoz Flor M. , Nolt Dawn , Nyquist Ann-Christine , Rathore Mobeen H. , Sawyer Mark H. , Steinbach William J. , Tan Tina Q. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. , Wheeler J. Gary , Edwards Anne R. , Brooks Tami H. , Graff Nancy R. , McManus Michael Louis , Perez Victor Hugo , Raulerson Marsha Dendler , Holmes Breena , Allison Mandy , Ancona Richard , Attisha Elliott , Beers Nathaniel , De Pinto Cheryl , Gorski Peter , Kjolhede Chris , Lerner Marc , Weiss-Harrison Adrienne , Young Thomas , Diasio Christoph Robert , Cain Kathleen K. , Lessin Herschel Robert , Marconi Jeanne Marie , Schonfeld Gail Ann , Shenkin Budd N. , Wong Rudolph , Moore John Eiland
Published: August 2016

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed February 2022.

Routine childhood immunizations against infectious diseases are an integral part of our public health infrastructure. They provide direct protection to the immunized individual and indirect protection to children and adults unable to be immunized via the effect of community immunity. All 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico have regulations requiring proof of immunization for child care and school attendance as a public health strategy to protect children in these settings and to secondarily serve as a mechanism to promote timely immunization of children by their caregivers. Although all states and the District of Columbia have mechanisms to exempt school attendees from specific immunization requirements for medical reasons, the majority also have a heterogeneous collection of regulations and laws that allow nonmedical exemptions from childhood immunizations otherwise required for child care and school attendance. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) supports regulations and laws requiring certification of immunization to attend child care and school as a sound means of providing a safe environment for attendees and employees of these settings. The AAP also supports medically indicated exemptions to specific immunizations as determined for each individual child. The AAP views nonmedical exemptions to school-required immunizations as inappropriate for individual, public health, and ethical reasons and advocates for their elimination.
Countering Vaccine Hesitancy
Authors: Edwards Kathryn M. , Hackell Jesse M. ,   THE COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, THE COMMITTEE ON PRACTICE AND AMBULATORY MEDICINE, Byington Carrie L. , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Barnett Elizabeth D. , Davies H. Dele , Edwards Kathryn M. , Lynfield Ruth , Munoz Flor M. , Nolt Dawn , Nyquist Ann-Christine , Rathore Mobeen H. , Sawyer Mark H. , Steinbach William J. , Tan Tina Q. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. , Simon Geoffrey R. , Baker Cynthia N. , Barden Graham A. , Brown Oscar “Skip” W. , Hackell Jesse M. , Hardin Amy P. , Meade Kelley E. , Moore Scot B. , Richerson Julia E.
Published: August 2016

This Clinical Report was revised. See https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2023-065483.

Immunizations have led to a significant decrease in rates of vaccine-preventable diseases and have made a significant impact on the health of children. However, some parents express concerns about vaccine safety and the necessity of vaccines. The concerns of parents range from hesitancy about some immunizations to refusal of all vaccines. This clinical report provides information about addressing parental concerns about vaccination.
The Political and Social Perspectives of Intimate Partner Violence as a Human Rights Issue on Canadian and Brazilian Contexts
Authors: Stefany G. A. Domingos  , Carla A. A. Ventura  , Sylvia Barton
Published: August 2016

This study is a literature review that aimed to examine the literature on intimate partner violence related to human rights on Canadian and Brazilian contexts published between 2008 and 2013. The search was conducted through electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, resulting in 24 articles: 11 on Brazilian context and 13 on Canadian context. It was done a critical analysis of the data collected. Findings were presented in 5 topics that emerged from the articles: women characteristics, reporting and help seeking behavior, legislation, strategies to deal with violence against women, and IPV and human rights.
Az európaiság-balkániság megjelenése Horvátország belső imázsában az EU-csatlakozáskor
Authors: Gerdesics Viktória
Published: August 2016

Az Európai Unió 2013-ban újabb taggal bővült, Horvátországgal – amely új tagállam több szempontból is különleges. Színes, túlnyomórészt más nemzetekhez kötődő és sokszor pusztító történelmének köszönhetően egy olyan országról van szó, amelynek megítélése időről időre változik, ráadásul önmagában is igen összetett. Horvátországnak a jugoszláv államszövetségből való kiválásával új országot és egyben új országimázst kellett kialakítania, amely során országmárkáját elsősorban a turizmusra és a horvát nemzeti identitásra alapozta. Olyan nemzeti identitásra, amely közeledik az Európai Unióhoz és egyúttal távolodik a Balkántól, és a balkáni identitás helyett az európait hangsúlyozza.Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy megvizsgálja a horvátok – az országimázs alapját képező – belső imázsát az európaiság-balkániság fogalmai mentén az ország EU-csatlakozásakor. Napjaink marketingtudományának népszerű területe az országimázs-kutatás, hiszen egyre több ország ismeri fel a tudatos országmárka-alakítás szükségességét, nemcsak a globális gazdasági versenyben, de olyan helyzetekben is, mint az EU-integrációs folyamatok. Horvátország példája ezért is különleges, hiszen az EU-csatlakozást több mint két évtized küzdelmes útkeresése előzte meg, amely az önállóság kivívásával, és egyúttal egy fájdalmas, veszteségekkel teli háborúval kezdődött, 2013 után pedig ismét új térképen kell megtalálnia a helyét. A tanulmány az uniós csatlakozáskor a horvát fiatalok körében készített kérdőíves megkérdezés eredményeivel támasztja alá, mennyire problematikus területet képeznek az országimázs és az európaiság-balkániság összefüggései az ország EU-csatlakozásában.
A német vállalatok terjeszkedésének földrajzi jellemzői – Magyarország mint célterület
Authors: Juhász Krisztina
Published: August 2016

Közismert, hogy Németország évtizedek óta a világgazdaság meghatározó áru- és tőkeexportőr országa, míg Magyarországon a rendszerváltás utáni exportvezérelt gazdaságfejlesztési modell a külföldi működő tőke importjára épül, amelyben Németországnak – mint hazánk első számú befektetőjének – kulcsfontosságú szerep jut.A cikk a német működőtőke-befektetések felől közelítve elemzi Magyarországot mint telephelyet a német vállalati rendszerben. Választ keres az elmúlt évtizedek dinamikus német vállalati terjeszkedésének okaira, földrajzi jellegzetességeire, Magyarországnak mint célterületnek a megítélésére, kiemelve, hogy Magyarország – mint telephely – milyen előnyökre építhet a jövőben, és melyek azok a kritikus tényezők, amelyek hátráltatják a további német beruházások megjelenését, bővülését.A cikk megállapítja, hogy a német befektetések motivációjában mind a piacszerzés, mind pedig a költségcsökkentés fontos szerepet játszik. Utóbbi jelentőségének újbóli növekedése is a német termelési hálózat nemzetköziesedését jelzi, határokon átívelő termelésoptimalizálási célokat követve.A német vállalatok terjeszkedésének célterületei jelentősen átalakultak az elmúlt évtizedekben: A világgazdasági erőterek hagyományos képének megfelelően Kelet-Közép- Európa a német vállalatok fontos bázisát jelenti. Főként a 2008-as gazdasági válságot követően azonban erőteljessé vált a német expanzió a BRIC (Brazília, Oroszország, India, Kína) országokban.Hazánk pozíciója a kelet-közép-európai térségben az ezredfordulót követően meggyengült, majd az utóbbi években kis mértékben javul. Legfontosabb lokalizációs előnyünk a szakképzett munkaerő, amely főként a magasabb hozzáadott értéket jelentő tevékenységeknél (a hagyományosnak számító járműgyártáson kívül a K+F vagy az egyre növekvő számú szolgáltatóközpontok esetében is) kulcskérdés. Éppen ezért problematikus, hogy a megfelelően képzett munkaerő kínálatával egyre kevésbé elégedettek a német befektetők. Szintén figyelmet érdemel az a tény, hogy a német beruházók számára a kiszámítható gazdaságpolitika rendkívül fontos szempont. Ennek megítélése javul ugyan, de még így is elég kedvezőtlen.
Horvátország térszerkezete
Authors: Rácz Szilárd
Published: August 2016

Az önálló Horvátország térszerkezete és területi fejlődése több szempontból is érdekes kutatási téma. Sajátos folyamatok – államosodás, háború, a népesség területi átrendeződése – zajlottak le az ezredfordulóig, melyeknek számottevő regionális hatásuk volt. A történetileg kialakult területi különbségeket az átmenet időszaka, az euroatlanti integrációs folyamat, majd a világgazdasági válság tovább fokozta. A tanulmány a legfontosabb térszerkezet-alakító tényezőket és folyamatokat veszi számba – elsősorban megyei szinten – arra az időszakra koncentrálva, amelynek végén Horvátország az Európai Unió tagjává vált. Miután egy ország területi struktúráját több tényező együttesen alakítja, ezért a tanulmányban a legjellegzetesebb természeti, társadalmi és gazdasági különbségeket vizsgáltuk.
“¿Ésta es la paz de Santos?”: el partido Centro Democrático y su construcción de significados alrededor de las negociaciones de paz
Authors: Caicedo Atehortúa Juan Manuel
Published: August 2016

This work studies the discursive strategies that have been adopted by the Centro Democrático party and its supporters regarding the peace negotiations between FARC and the Santos Government. I argue that these strategies have been based on the disqualification of President Santos and his project, starting with a re-signification of the concepts of "peace" and "justice". From an analytical framework that uses Bourdieu and Van Dijk, I see the political field as an arena of struggle for ideas and struggles between powers, where groups make great efforts to give social resonance to their speeches. Thus, I see the Centro Democrático as a group of agents seeking political capital expressed in recognition and power within the State, at the same time that it competes for intellectual objects by the imposition of some principles of vision and division around peace and justice.
For Columbus
Authors: Dabydeen Cyril
Published: August 2016

Poem
Mrs. Phyllis Carter
Authors: Dabydeen Cyril
Published: August 2016

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Special Issue Introduction: “…to tun de words roun an roun…”
Authors: DePass Cecille
Published: August 2016

How can I express the feelings that aptly describe that ‘one a we’ has been invited to present a Keynote lecture for the SSHRC Congress at the University of Ottawa? This prestigious, national academic conference, annually, showcases some of the very best thinking and research in the country. The conference was once called:  “The Learneds Societies Conference”, at a time when the boundaries between ‘town and gown’ were firmly delimited.  This was the case, in the late 1980s, when I presented a summary of my dissertation research, at the Windsor conference in spring 1988.
Streets
Authors: Dabydeen Cyril
Published: August 2016

Poem
Factors limiting the yam minisett technique adoption: A review
Authors: Y Ilesanmi R , O Akinmusola .
Published: August 2016

The yam minisett technique was developed to overcome the scarcity of seed yams, and has been introduced to farmers more than any other scientifically improved yam propagation method. However, the adoption rate of this technique has not significantly improved over the years. This paper presents an overview of the factors contributing to the low adoption rate of the technique since its deployment in Nigeria. Three main classes of factors influencing the adoption of the yam minisett technology are presented; informational factors, technical factors and economic factors. Among the informational factors, low rate of extension contact coupled with low membership of social groups has negative impacts on the level of awareness of the technology. Issues relating to technical and economic limitations are the major challenges faced by the minisett technique adopters. Among these, the low survival and sprouting rate of minisetts, high labour costs and low level of capital are of utmost importance.
Current status, scope and constraints of sexed semen - An Indian perspective
Authors: Kumar*1 Anshuman , Vineeth1 M. R. , Sinha1 Rebeka , Singh2 Raushan K , Thakur2 Ankaj , Gupta2 Shailesh Kumar
Published: August 2016

The aim of sexed semen is to produce a calf of a specific sex. The use of sexed semen increases the rate of genetic gain not only from the daughter-dam path but also through production of superior male from elite cows for future breeding. Gender selection using sexed semen from genetically elite bulls is imperative to meet the projected demand of 191.3 million tones of milk by 2020 in the country. The demand of sex semen in dairy cattle is also increasing in order to dispose the large number of unproductive males, to ensure required number of progenies per bull under progeny testing programme and to reduce the replacement cost on heifers. In India, this technique is gradually been adopted by many states like Punjab, Haryana, West Bengal, Kerala etc. However, high cost and lower fertility limits its wider use across the country. Furthermore, there is need to standardize the lower dosage of spermatozoa, site of deposition for AI with good conception rate in Indian conditions. Optimal use of sexing technology also requires excellent and careful animal management (nutrition, disease control, estrus detection, semen handling, and insemination technique) for obtaining higher efficiency. More research needs to be carried out to make it feasible in order to extend this technique in our country.
Impact of training on knowledge level of farmers about use of bio-pesticide and its mass multiplication on agriculture wastage
Authors: Chinchmalatpure Umesh R , Tayade Amar M
Published: August 2016

The present study was carried out in ten villages from Chandur Rly and Tiosa blocks of Amravati District of Maharashtra state to know the variation of knowledge with respect to major five topics i.e. importance of bio-pesticides and its benefits, Indigenous mass production technology of Bio-pesticide, Effect of chemical pesticides and fertilizers in human health and soil health, mass multiplication of Trichoderma in Sorghum grains, management of diseases by use of trichoderma have been selected. The results reported on these five topics indicated that the knowledge of the farmers has increased after receiving the training. Keywords: Agriculture wastage, Bio-fertilizer, Bio-pesticide, Impact, Training, Knowledge.
Genetic diversity in Cinnamomum tamala Nees. accessions through DNA fingerprinting using molecular markers
Authors: Gwari Garima , Bhandari Ujjwal , Naik Gaurav , Haider* S. Zafar , Chauhan Nirpendra
Published: August 2016

The present study aims to investigate the genetic variation in Cinnamomum tamala Nees. (Lauraceae) accessions collected from different locations of Uttarakhand Himalaya. The leaves samples were analyzed by using RAPD and ISSR markers. A total 22 primers were used for initial screening in order to select the ones giving good amplification. Seven primers (OPA-12, OPA-18, OPB-10, OPB-17, ISSR-21, ISSR-24 and ISSR-30) were found to be polymorphic in eight accessions. Based on combined profile of ISSR and RAPD markers the dendrogram was constructed by using UPGMA cluster analysis and all the accessions showed discrimination from one another. All the accessions were clustered into two major groups, one containing T1-T4 and second T5-T8. The percentage of polymorphic bands was 86.3 % for three ISSR markers and 70.5 % for four RAPD markers. This emphasize that ISSR markers were found to be the best for genetic variation in the species.
Potencialna učinkovitost vedenjsko-kognitivne terapije pri obravnavi sorojencev otrok s posebnimi potrebami
Authors: Petrič Mojca
Published: August 2016

V prispevku predstavljamo izsledke empiričnih raziskav, ki so proučile psihosocialno delovanje sorojencev otrok s posebnimi potrebami (PP) ter podajamo smernice za obravnavo sorojencev po principih vedenjsko-kognitivne terapije (VKT). V splošnem se kaže, da se večina sorojencev uspešno prilagodi na odraščanje v družini, ki ima otroka s PP, se pa ti v primerjavi z normativnimi sorojenci srečujejo z dodatnimi izzivi in težavami, kot so večja mera prevzemanja odgovornosti v družini, težave v interakcijah z vrstniki in okolico. Pri nekaterih se tako razvijejo težave v psihosocialnem prilagajanju. Določeni programi za obravnavo sorojencev otrok s PP že obstajajo, vendar so, kot predstavljamo v prispevku, predvsem podporne narave, njihova učinkovitost pa je slabše empirično podprta. Glede na vsebino izzivov in težav, s katerimi se spoprijemajo sorojenci, tako predlagamo obravnavo po principih VKT ter konkretne tehnike za delo.
Korupsi dan mentalitas: kendala kultural dalam pemberantasan korupsi di Indonesia
Authors: Santoso Listiyono , Meyriswati Dewi , Alfian Ilham Nur
Published: August 2016

Corruption is a complex act of crime. Its complexity does not only deal with legal issue but also social, political, and cultural issues. Law approach is more widely used in the eradication of corruption because corruption is a matter of law. However, seeing a corruption as a matter of law issue is the way to simplify the problem. The complexity of corruption makes this issue is feasibly approached through a variety of perspectives, one of those is cultural approach. The aim of this research is to reveal the cultural obstacles in eradicating corruption in Indonesia as well as to describe cultural conditions which led to a massive corruption. Formal juridical approach in eradicating corruption is considered to be done in a large number although they did not show maximal results. Such massive corruption in Indonesia seems to draw a conclusion that corruption has become a culture of the citizens of our nation. It means that there is a variety of cultural symptoms which encourage the act of corruption performed easily in every institution. There is a low mentality culture in the heart of the corruptor to carry out the action. That is why; we need a strategy in order to eradicate the culture of corruption in Indonesia.
Factors Affecting Healthful Eating Among Touring Popular Musicians and Singers
Authors: Cizek Erin , Kelly Patrick , Kress Kathleen , Mattfeldt-Beman Mildred
Published: August 2016

Maintaining good health is essential for touring musicians and singers. The stressful demands of touring may impact food choices, leading to detrimental effects on health and performance. This exploratory pilot study aimed to assess factors affecting healthful eating of touring musicians
and singers. A 46-item survey was used to assess food- and nutrition-related attitudes, knowledge and behaviors, and environmental factors, as well as lifestyle, musical background, and demographic data. Participants (n=35) were recruited from a musicians’ assistance foundation as well
as touring musical theater productions and a music festival. Results indicate that touring musicians and singers had positive attitudes regarding healthful foods. Of 35 respondents, 80.0% indicated eating healthful food was important to them. Respondents reported feeling confident selecting
(76.5%) and preparing (82.4%) healthful foods; however, they showed uncertainty when determining if carbohydrate-containing foods should be consumed or avoided. Respondents indicated environmental factors including availability and cost of healthy food options and tour schedules limited access
to healthful foods. Venues (73.5%), fast food restaurants (67.6%), and airports (64.7%) were the most frequently identified locations in need of offering more healthful food choices. Respondents (52.9%) indicated more support from others while touring would help them make healthier food choices.
More research is needed to develop mobile wellness programs as well as performance-based nutrition guidelines for musicians and singers that address the unique demands associated with touring.