bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nomenclature to describe the transition from multiserial to uniserial chamber arrangement in benthic foraminifera
Authors: Kaminski Michael A. , Cetean Claudia G. , Tyszka Jarosław
Published: May 2011

Abstract. We define terms used to describe the transition from a trochospiral, multiserial or biserial chamber arrangement to a uniserial chamber arrangement in benthic foraminifera. The morphological transition from a trocho-, multi- or biserial to a uniserial chamber arrangement may be abrupt, or form a morphological progression through transitional stages defined as ‘loosely biserial’, ‘lax-uniserial’ and, finally, ‘loosely uniserial’. The precise meanings of the intermediate stages ending in uniseriality are defined here by means of examples using foraminiferal models. We introduce the new terms ‘Cryptobiserial’, ‘Cryptotriserial’ and ‘Cryptotrochospiral’ to describe the chamber arrangement in genera with uniserial stages that preserve the sense of coiling of the previous trochospiral, triserial or biserial stages.
Precise Hole Drilling in PMMA Using 1064 nm Diode Laser CNC Machine
Authors: Abdulnabi Jinan A. , Tawfiq Thaier A. , Al-Dergazly Anwaar A. , Taha Ziad A. , Hajim Khalil I.
Published: May 2011

This paper represents the outcome of efforts that intended to achieve laser hole drilling execution in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) of 2.5 mm thickness using 1064 nm diode laser of 5 W output power. Different laser beam powers, exposure time, and positions of the laser spot were taken into consideration with respect to the workpiece. The workpieces were tested in the existence of low-pressure assist gas (20–60 mmHg of air). The experimental results were supported by the predicted results of the analytical model.
Folic Acid Supplementation for Women of Childbearing Age versus Supplementation for the General Population: A Review of the Known Advantages and Risks
Authors: Shelke Nikhil , Keith Louis
Published: May 2011

This paper focuses on the current best-evidence-based clinical practices and controversies surrounding folic acid supplementation/fortification for the prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs) during early pregnancy. The paper also discusses the controversies surrounding the effect of folic acid on the prevention as well as the promotion of cancer. Sufficient data is available to safely conclude that folic acid reduces the risk of NTDs during pregnancy; however, a safe dosage has not yet been calculated for the rest of the population. More research is necessary to study the complete role of folic acid in human growth and development.
Axillary Brachial Plexus Block
Authors: Satapathy Ashish R. , Coventry David M.
Published: May 2011

The axillary approach to brachial plexus blockade provides satisfactory anaesthesia for elbow, forearm, and hand surgery and also provides reliable cutaneous anaesthesia of the inner upper arm including the medial cutaneous nerve of arm and intercostobrachial nerve, areas often missed with other approaches. In addition, the axillary approach remains the safest of the four main options, as it does not risk blockade of the phrenic nerve, nor does it have the potential to cause pneumothorax, making it an ideal option for day case surgery. Historically, single-injection techniques have not provided reliable blockade in the musculocutaneous and radial nerve territories, but success rates have greatly improved with multiple-injection techniques whether using nerve stimulation or ultrasound guidance. Complete, reliable, rapid, and safe blockade of the arm is now achievable, and the paper summarizes the current position with particular reference to ultrasound guidance.
The Application of SELDI‐TOF‐MS in Clinical Diagnosis of Cancers
Authors: Liu Chibo
Published: May 2011

Cancer diagnosis is important, and the early diagnosis of cancers could predict a more successful treatment. The proteomic studies emerged to be useful in combined analyses of samples from patients and provide more accurate diagnosis when compared to the single‐factor‐based diagnosis. In recent years, cancer detection with surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI‐TOF MS) is flourishing and brought significant progress in this area. This paper summarizes some recent results with this technique for cancer diagnosis.
Activation of the GLP-1 Receptor Signalling Pathway: A Relevant Strategy to Repair a Deficient Beta-Cell Mass
Authors: Portha Bernard , Tourrel-Cuzin Cécile , Movassat Jamileh
Published: May 2011

Recent preclinical studies in rodent models of diabetes suggest that exogenous GLP-1R agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors have the ability to increase islet mass and preserve beta-cell function, by immediate reactivation of beta-cell glucose competence, as well as enhanced beta-cell proliferation and neogenesis and promotion of beta-cell survival. These effects have tremendous implication in the treatment of T2D because they directly address one of the basic defects in T2D, that is, beta-cell failure. In human diabetes, however, evidence that the GLP-1-based drugs alter the course of beta-cell function remains to be found. Several questions surrounding the risks and benefits of GLP-1-based therapy for the diabetic beta-cell mass are discussed in this review and require further investigation.
Developing a Self-Administered Questionnaire as a Guide to
Consultations with Women Treated for Breast Cancer
Authors: Jiwa Moyez , Ping-Delfos Wendy Chan She , Briffa Kathy , Sherriff Jill , Merriman Gareth , Nockolds Janice , Jardine Liz , Musiello Toni , Longman Glenys
Published: May 2011

Background. Health professionals, including general practitioners involved in followup of breast cancer patients, need to systematically assess opportunities to offer patients support with ongoing or new problems. Methods. A self-administered needs assessment questionnaire was developed with reference to a multidisciplinary team. Short, evidence-based, readable questions were emphasized, and questions were tested for face validity. The questions flowed across three domains: physical, social, and psychological. Content validity and user friendliness were assessed. Results. A final set of 30 questions was rated as easy to read and comprehend (Flesch Reading Ease score 65.8 and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level 6.9). When piloted with twenty-one patients the self-administered questionnaire detected 121 items of unmet need encompassing all three domains. Conclusions. This self-administered questionnaire has the potential to assist in the holistic assessment of breast cancer patient after treatment. The clinical value of the self-administered questionnaire will need to be further tested before it can be widely adopted.
Polarization Holography in 3-Indoly-Benzylfulgimide/PMMA Film
Authors: Menke Neimule , Yao Baoli , Wang Yingli , Chen Yi
Published: May 2011

The photochromic and photoanisotropic properties of materials can be used in ordinary and polarization holographic recording respectively. Fulgides are well known as thermally irreversible organic photochromic compounds. And it is found that there exists photoinduced anisotropy in fulgide-doped polymeric films. In this report, a 3-indoly-benzylfulgimide/PMMA film was studied as a holographic storage media. First, the spectra and dynamics of photochromic and photoanisotropic properties of the sample are measured or calculated. Second, the diffraction efficiency (DE) dynamics at 633 nm of four kinds of different polarization holograms recorded in this sample are measured. The maximum DE value about 1% was gotten. Third, the DE spectra and DE dynamics are theoretically calculated in detail, and a good correlation of theoretically derived DE dynamic curves and the measured experimental curves was found. From the DE spectra, it is known that at the wavelengths less than 450 nm or greater than 700 nm, the nondestructive reading can be realized. The DWPS obtained in the experiments are same with the theortically deduced ones, which shows that in the orthogonal polarization holography, the polarization state of the diffracted light is orthogonal to that of the reconstruction light, which is very important to increase the SNR of the holographic storage. And all these results are applied and proved to be correct in high-density holographic image storage experiment. The area density of 2×108 bits/cm2 was obtained, and the encoded data was retrieved without error.
The Impact of Ly49‐NK Cell‐Dependent Recognition of MCMV Infection on Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses
Authors: Pyzik Michal , Gendron-Pontbriand Eve-Marie , Vidal Silvia M.
Published: May 2011

Clinical and experimental data indicate that a subset of innate lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, plays a crucial role in the response against herpesviruses, especially cytomegaloviruses (CMV). Indeed, in mice, NK cells, due to the expression of germline encoded Ly49 receptors, possess multiple mechanisms to recognize CMV infection. Classically, this results in NK cell activation and the destruction of the infected cells. More recently, however, this unique host‐pathogen interaction has permitted the discovery of novel aspects of NK cell biology, implicating them in the regulation of adaptive immune responses as well as in the development of immunological memory. Here, we will concisely review the newly acquired evidence pertaining to NK cell Ly49‐dependent recognition of MCMV‐infected cell and the ensuing NK cell regulatory responses.
Employment of Oligodeoxynucleotide plus Interleukin‐2 Improves Cytogenetic Analysis in Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma
Authors: Bardi Antonella , Cavazzini Francesco , Rigolin Gian Matteo , Tammiso Elisa , Volta Eleonora , Pezzolo Elisa , Formigaro Luca , Sofritti Olga , Daghia Giulia , Ambrosio Cristina , Rizzotto Lara , Abass Awad E. , D′Auria Fiorella , Musto Pellegrino , Cuneo Antonio
Published: May 2011

To compare the efficiency of novel mitogenic agents and traditional mitosis inductors, 18 patients with splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) were studied. Three cultures using oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) plus interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), or TPA, or LPS were setup in each patient. Seventeen/18 cases with ODN + IL2 had moderate/good proliferation (94, 4%) as compared with 10/18 cases with TPA and LPS (55%) (P = .015); 14/18 (77, 7%) cases with ODN + IL2 had sufficient good quality of banding as compared with 8/18 cases (44, 4%) with TPA and LPS. The karyotype could be defined from ODN + IL2‐stimulated cultures in all 18 patients, 14 of whom (77, 7%) had a cytogenetic aberration, whereas clonal aberrations could be documented in 9 and in 3 cases by stimulation with LPS and TPA, respectively. Recurrent chromosome aberrations in our series were represented by aberrations of chromosome 14q in 5 patients, by trisomy 12 and 7q deletion in 4 cases each, and by abnormalities involving 11q and 13q in two cases each. These findings show that stimulation with ODN + IL2 offers more mitotic figures of better quality and results in an increased rate of clonal aberrations in SMZL, making this method ideal for prospective studies aiming at the definition of the prognostic impact of cytogenetic aberrations in this disorder.
Milk Alkali and Hydrochlorothiazide: A Case Report
Authors: Parvez Babar , Emuwa Chinenye , Faulkner Marquetta L. , Murray John J.
Published: May 2011

Hypercalcemia is a relatively common clinical problem in both outpatient and inpatient settings. Primary pathophysiology is the entry of calcium that exceeds its excretion into urine or deposition in bone into circulation. Among a wide array of causes of hypercalcemia, hyperparathyroidism and malignancy are the most common, accounting for greater than 90 percent of cases. Concordantly, there has been a resurgence of milk-alkali syndrome associated with the ingestion of large amounts of calcium and absorbable alkali, making it the third leading cause of hypercalcemia (Beall and Scofield, 1995 and Picolos et al., 2005). This paper centers on a case of over-the-counter calcium and alkali ingestion for acid reflux leading to milk alkali with concordant use of thiazide diuretic for hypertension.
Recombinant HBHA Boosting Effect on BCG-Induced Immunity againstMycobacterium tuberculosisInfection
Authors: Guerrero G. G. , Locht C.
Published: May 2011

Heterologous prime-boost regimens are effective strategies to promote long-term memory and strong cellular Th1 responses toMycobacterium tuberculosis, when BCG is used in the priming step. Subcutaneous or intranasal boosting of BCG-vaccinated newborn mice with native heparin-binding haemagglutinin (nHBHA) significantly enhances protection againstM. tuberculosis.However, nHBHA is characterized by a complex methylation pattern in its C-terminal domain, which is important for protective immunogenicity in primary vaccination. In this study we addressed the question whether boosting with recombinant, non-methylated HBHA (rHBHA) produced inEscherichia colimay enhance protection of BCG-primed newborn mice. We found that while subcutaneous rHBHA boosting enhanced protection of BCG-primed mice against intranasalM. tuberculosisinfection both in spleen and lungs, enhanced protection against aerosol infection was only seen in the spleen (0.72 logs;P<0.05) but not in the lungs. Thus, in BCG-primed mice the methylation of the C-terminal domain of HBHA is dispensable for the induction of enhanced protection in the lungs against intranasal but not aerosol infection, whereas it enhances protection in the spleen in both challenge models. This report thus provides evidence that rHBHA may be considered as a booster vaccine against disseminated tuberculosis.
Disease Severity Indexes and Treatment Evaluation Criteria in Vitiligo
Authors: Kawakami Tamihiro , Hashimoto Takashi
Published: May 2011

There is a current lack of consensus regarding methods of assessment of vitiligo. Recently, the Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI) and the Vitiligo European Task Force (VETF) were proposed to offer more accurate measures of disease severity indexes and treatment evaluation criteria. It would make sense to combine the VASI with the VETF system. We proposed an original scale for treatment evaluation criteria in vitiligo based on VASI. We plan to add the digital image analysis system, health-related quality of life questionnaire, affected skin location, and skin color in the original scale.
Production Efficiency of Cocoon Shell of Silkworm,Bombyx moriL. (Bombycidae: Lepidoptera), as an Index for Evaluating the Nutritive Value of Mulberry,Morussp. (Moraceae), Varieties
Authors: Kumar Jalaja Suresh , Kumar Nair Suresh
Published: May 2011

The nutritional efficiency of mulberry leaves consumed by silkworms,Bombyx moriL., is usually evaluated in terms of the proportion of cocoon shell weight to the amount of food ingested. The production efficiency of cocoon shell is generally used to identify the superiority of a mulberry variety for silkworm rearing. In this study the production efficiency of cocoon shell was used as an index for evaluating the nutritive value of different mulberry varieties of India. Among the varieties, V-1, having highest production efficiency of cocoon shell with less amount of food ingested and highest digestibility, is regarded as the best suitable variety with nutritive values ideal for silkworm rearing.
The Strong Protective Effect of Circumcision against Cancer of the Penis
Authors: Morris Brian J. , Gray Ronald H. , Castellsague Xavier , Bosch F. Xavier , Halperin Daniel T. , Waskett Jake H. , Hankins Catherine A.
Published: May 2011

Male circumcision protects against cancer of the penis, the invasive form of which is a devastating disease confined almost exclusively to uncircumcised men. Major etiological factors are phimosis, balanitis, and high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), which are more prevalent in the glans penis and coronal sulcus covered by the foreskin, as well as on the penile shaft, of uncircumcised men. Circumcised men clear HPV infections more quickly. Phimosis (a constricted foreskin opening impeding the passage of urine) is confined to uncircumcised men, in whom balanitis (affecting 10%) is more common than in circumcised men. Each is strongly associated with risk of penile cancer. These findings have led to calls for promotion of male circumcision, especially in infancy, to help reduce the global burden of penile cancer. Even more relevant globally is protection from cervical cancer, which is 10-times more common, being much higher in women with uncircumcised male partners. Male circumcision also provides indirect protection against various other infections in women, along with direct protection for men from a number of genital tract infections, including HIV. Given that adverse consequences of medical male circumcision, especially when performed in infancy, are rare, this simple prophylactic procedure should be promoted.
Transfer Layers: A Comparison across SWNTs, DWNTs, Graphite, and an Ionic Fluid
Authors: Vander Wal Randy L. , Street Kenneth W. , Miyoshi Kazuhisa
Published: May 2011

Lubrication is the science of friction at moving interfaces. Nanomaterials acting as interfacial modifiers can minimize friction and thereby improve energy efficiency. To test this hypothesis, single- (SWNT) and double-walled (DWNT) carbon nanotubes and an ionic fluid are tested individually and compared to SWNTs and graphite as additives within the ionic fluid. The minimum coefficient of friction is correlated with the longest lifetime using a ball-on-disc tribometer, in air, at atmospheric pressure. Results are interpreted in terms of the nanotubes' mechanical properties and the formation of transfer layers upon the tribosurfaces.
Bäcklund Transformation and New Exact Solutions of the Sharma‐Tasso‐Olver Equation
Authors: Jianming Lin , Jie Ding , Wenjun Yuan
Published: May 2011

The Sharma‐Tasso‐Olver (STO) equation is investigated. The Painlevé analysis is efficiently used for analytic study of this equation. The Bäcklund transformations and some new exact solutions are formally derived.
A New Sensorless MRAS Based on Active Power Calculations for Rotor Position Estimation of a DFIG
Authors: Marques Gil Domingos , Mesquita e Sousa Duarte
Published: May 2011

A sensorless method for the estimation of the rotor position of the wound-rotor induction machine is described in this paper. The method is based on the MRAS methodology and consists in the comparison of two models for the evaluation of the active power transferred across the air gap: the reference model and the adaptive model. The reference model obtains the power transferred across the air gap using directly available and measured stator variables. The adaptive model obtains the same quantity in function of electromotive forces and rotor currents that are measurable on the rotor position, which is under estimation. The method does not need any information about the stator or rotor flux and can be implemented in the rotor or in the stator reference frames with a hysteresis or with a PI controller. The stability analysis gives an unstable region on the rotor current dq plane. Simulation and experimental results show that the method is appropriate for the vector control of the doubly fed induction machine under the stability region.
Two Atypical Cases of Cutaneous Gamma/Delta T-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Caudron A. , Bouaziz J.D. , Battistella M. , Sibon D. , Lok C. , Leclech C. , Ortonne N. , Molinier-Frenkel V. , Bagot M.
Published: May 2011

Cutaneous γ/δ T-cell lymphoma (CGD-TCL) is a recent entity described in the newly revised World Health Organization-European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer classification of cutaneous lymphomas, and is characterized by the γ/δ T-cell receptor expression on atypical lymphocytes. Only a few cases of primary CGD-TCL have been reported, with an extremely aggressive course (median survival time of 15 months). We describe 2 atypical cases of CGD-TCL. The first case was initially misdiagnosed as an inflammatory panniculitis due to the granulomatous infiltrate on the skin biopsy specimen. Diagnosis was confirmed using δ PCR that revealed γ/δ T-cell clonal expansion. The evolution was marked by predominant γ/δ T-cell infiltrate with diffuse body fat involvement as seen on positron emission tomography-computed tomography. The second case is the first described Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated CGD-TCL with a rapidly fatal evolution. CGD-TCL is also a heterogeneous entity and δ PCR and EBV-encoded RNA probe to detect an EBV latent infection may help diagnose and characterize these cutaneous lymphomas.
Writing Error May Be a Predictive Sign for Impending Brain Atrophy Progression in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Preliminary Study Using X-Ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Ichikawa Hiroo , Ohno Hideki , Murakami Hidetomo , Ohnaka Yohei , Kawamura Mitsuru
Published: May 2011

Aim: To investigate whether writing errors are predictive of longitudinal brain atrophy progression in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: The frequency of writing errors in 6 ALS patients without dementia was compared with longitudinal changes in lateral ventricular areas of the bilateral anterior and inferior horns on X-ray computed tomography scans. The increase in area per month for the anterior and inferior horns was used as a measure of longitudinal brain atrophy progression, and was calculated as: (area on the initial scan – area on the follow-up scan)/scan interval (month). Results: The longitudinal rate of increase in the area of the anterior horns showed significant associations with the rates of total writing errors (r = 0.886, p = 0.0152), kana errors (r = 0.887, p = 0.0148) and kana omission (r = 0.856, p = 0.0268), whereas that for the inferior horns size showed no significant association with any writing errors. Conclusion: The increased area of the anterior horns indicates frontal-lobar atrophy, and writing errors may be a predictive sign for impending brain atrophy progression in the frontal lobes, which reflects the development of anterior-type dementia.
Post-Christian, Post-Christendom, and Post-Modern Europe: Towards the Interaction of Missiology and the Social Sciences
Authors: Paas Stefan
Published: May 2011

Three concepts are often used in missiological literature relating to the West. These are “post-Christian,” “post-Christendom,” and “post-modern.” Often, they have been used as if they are more or less synonyms without much precision or reflection. By relating them to different strands in social theory around “secularization,” this article suggests how these terms can be defined more precisely. In this way the author intends to stimulate the discussion between missiology and the social sciences within the context of Western Europe. On the basis of a more exact definition of these terms, areas for further research are indicated. As descriptive concepts these “post” labels invite us to explore their interdependence, mirroring the secularization debate within the sociology of religion. As heuristic concepts they raise questions about the social construction of secularized Europe within missiology. Finally, they may shed light on different social spaces for Christian mission in Europe.
Postmodern Epistemology and the Mission of the Church
Authors: Alfsvåg Knut
Published: May 2011

A Christian missionary has traditionally been understood as one who stands for and represents truth. Is this a claim that can be defended within the context of postmodern epistemology? According to Derrida, there is an irreducible difference between sign and signified; all historical religions are therefore limited to the realm of the contingent and the deconstructible. Caputo develops this idea further in his understanding of the endlessly translatable trace of the event. One may argue, however, that this understanding of endless translatability reveals a dependence on a traditional concept of reason that ultimately replaces religious authority with the authority of the interpreter. Arguing that a phenomenology of givenness is the relevant strategy against this kind of idolatry, Marion maintains that one has to work from the possibility of revelation as always overflowing its conceptual representation. In a Christian context, this is done through the retelling of the biblical story, particularly as it is celebrated in the liturgy of the Eucharist. The criticism of the idea of a conceptual representation of truth therefore does not imply that truth is not manifest in the work and mission of the Christian church.
Reenvisioning Theological Education, Mission and the Local Church
Authors: Cronshaw Darren
Published: May 2011

There is a fresh wave of interest in local churches reshaping themselves around mission, but what does this mean for theological education? This article draws on the author’s experience as a student and teacher, and innovative approaches at Australian College of Ministries and Whitley College, two Australian theological colleges. It discusses six principles for reshaping theological education around mission and the local church. Theological courses and classes and informal processes for developing leaders will be at their best if they are communal in the classroom, assessment and shared mission; conversational between students and with other sources; contextual and engaged with contemporary needs in society; cross-cultural and engaged with global issues; character forming as part of the curriculum; contemplative both for prayer and space for reflection; and congregationally connected for faculty, students and their research.
The Interests of the Assyrian Empire in the West: Olive Oil Production as a Test-Case
Authors: Faust Avraham
Published: May 2011

The 7th century BCE in Philistia and Judah is characterized by economic prosperity, which is usually regarded as resulting from the “Assyrian Peace”, and from a policy of the Assyrian empire that aimed at maximizing production. The large center for the production of olive oil that was unearthed at Ekron in southern Israel is regarded as the best example of this policy. The present paper questions this scholarly consensus regarding the role of Assyria in the economy of the southern Levant, through a closer look at the olive oil industry in the region.
Imagination as Self-knowledge: Kepler on Proclus' Commentary on the First Book of Euclid's Elements
Authors: Claessens Guy
Published: May 2011

The Neoplatonist Proclus, in his commentary on Euclid's Elements, appears to have been the first to systematically cut imagination's exclusive ties with the sensible realm. According to Proclus, in geometry discursive thinking makes use of innate concepts that are projected on imagination as on a mirror. Despite the crucial role of Proclus' text in early modern epistemology, the concept of a productive imagination seems almost not have been received. It was generally either transplanted into an Aristotelian account of mathematics or simply ignored. In this respect, Johannes Kepler is a remarkable exception. By rejecting the traditional meta-mathematical framework, Kepler was the first to incorporate the productive side of imagination within an early modern philosophy of mathematics. Moreover, by securing imagination's sensory input, he transformed Proclean imagination into a tool for cosmic self-knowledge.
Assessing the African Union Concerns about Article 16 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
Authors: Jalloh Charles C. , Akande Dapo , du Plessis Max
Published: May 2011

This article assesses the African Union’s (AU) concerns about Article 16 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). It seeks to articulate a clearer picture of the law and politics of deferrals within the context of the AU’s repeated calls to the United Nations Security Council (UNSC, or the Council) to invoke Article 16 to suspend the processes initiated by the ICC against President Omar Al Bashir of Sudan. The Council’s failure to accede to the AU request led African States to formally withhold cooperation from the ICC in respect to the arrest and surrender of the Sudanese leader. Given the AU’s continued concerns, and the current impasse, fundamental questions have arisen about the Council’s authority to exercise, or not exercise, its deferral power. This culminated into a November 2009 African proposal for an amendment to the Rome Statute to empower the UN General Assembly to act should the UNSC fail to act on a deferral request after six months. Although ICC States Parties have so far shown limited public support for the AU’s proposed amendment to the deferral provision, this article examines its merits because a failure to engage the “Article 16 problem” could impact international accountability efforts in the Sudan, and further damage the ICC’s credibility in Africa. This unresolved issue also has wider significance given that the matters underlying the tension ‐ how ICC prosecutions may be reconciled with peacemaking initiatives and the role and power of the Council in ICC business ‐ will likely arise in future situations from around the world.
To Be or Not to Be a Feminist in India
Authors: Mitra Aditi
Published: May 2011

The study reported here was situated in the context of a postcolonial understanding of feminism by women in social action work. It analyzed how urban middle- and upper-class women in Kolkata, India, constructed a feminist praxis in terms of their everyday lived experiences as volunteers and social activists and as urban Indian women working in the social work sector of Indian society. The critical issue was the women’s conception of feminism. Testimonies from 21 women form the crux of the data that were collected via semistructured bilingual interviews and participant observation, inspired by feminist standpoint analysis as a theoretical interest.
The nature of sophisticated realism: Raymond Aron and international relations
Authors: Hall John A.
Published: May 2011

Aron made a distinctive, cognitively high-powered addition to classical realism. As a sociologist he stressed that war was likely to be relatively limited if two conditions were fulfilled. First, the international system needed to be relatively homogeneous, so as to increase understanding between states. Second, states needed to become intelligent, able to calculate clearly. In the absence of these factors war was likely to move towards the extremes.
Estimation of permeability anisotropy using seismic inversion for the CO2 geological storage site of Sleipner (North Sea)
Authors: Dubos-Sallée Noalwenn , Rasolofosaon Patrick N. J.
Published: May 2011

Since 1996, more than 11 Mt of CO2 have been injected into a deep saline aquifer, the Utsira Sand formation, at the Norwegian Sleipner field. An unexpected application of the extensive seismic monitoring program over this field leads to the estimation of the depth dependence of the permeability anisotropy (strength and direction). Time-lapse seismic monitoring is used to follow the displacement of the injected CO2, considered as a permeability tracer. The upper half of the Utsira sand formation exhibits large anisotropy, with a ratio ζ between the maximum and minimum horizontal permeabilities larger than six. In contrast, ζ can be as small as two in the lower half. The direction of the maximum horizontal permeability does not exhibit substantial depth dependence and lies between N18°E and N34°E. This is in agreement with previous authors who pointed out a clear CO2 plume structure markedly elongated in the north-northeast–south-southwest direction. The small topographical trap at the top of the Utsira sand formation is a minor extrinsic cause of the measured permeability anisotropy, compared to the intrinsic effect of the formation permeability. This permeability information is crucial for reservoir simulation and for forecasting of the CO2 plume expansion for different scenarios of injection.
Estimation of stress-dependent anisotropy from P-wave measurements on a spherical sample
Authors: Nadri Dariush , Bóna Andrej , Brajanovski Miroslav , Lokajíček Tomáš
Published: May 2011

Our aim is to understand the stress-dependent seismic anisotropy of the overburden shale in an oil field in the North West Shelf of Western Australia. We analyze data from measurements of ultrasonic P-wave velocities in 132 directions for confining pressures of 0.1–400 MPa on a spherical shale sample. First, we find the orientation of the symmetry axis, assuming that the sample is transversely isotropic, and then transform the ray velocities to the symmetry axis coordinates. We use two parameterizations of the phase velocity; one, in terms of the Thomsen anisotropy parameters α, β, ɛ, δ as the main approach, and the other in terms of α, β, η, δ. We invert the ray velocities to estimate the anisotropy parameters α, ɛ, δ, and η using a very fast simulated reannealing algorithm. Both approaches result in the same estimation for the anisotropy parameters but with different uncertainties. The main approach is robust but produces higher uncertainties, in particular for η, whereas the alternative approach is unstable but gives lower uncertainties. These approaches are used to find the anisotropy parameters for the different confining pressures. The dependency of P-wave velocity, α, on pressure has exponential and linear components, which can be contributed to the compliant and stiff porosities. The exponential dependence at lower pressures up to 100 MPa corresponds to the closure of compliant pores and microcracks, whereas the linear dependence at higher pressures corresponds to contraction of the stiff pores. The anisotropy parameters ɛ and δ are quite large at lower pressures but decrease exponentially with pressure. For lower pressures up to 10 MPa, δ always is larger than ɛ; this trend is reversed for higher pressures. Despite the hydrostatic pressure, the symmetry axis orientation changes noticeably, in particular at lower pressures.
Relaxation of Photoexcited Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium Complex ([Ru(bpy)3]2+) in Mesopores
Authors: Sohmiya Minoru , Ogawa Makoto
Published: May 2011

The excited state relaxation of tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) ([Ru(bpy)3]2+) in aluminum containing mesoporous silica was investigated as a function of loading amount and temperature. The concentration dependence of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ on the luminescence intensity suggests that the self-quenching of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ is a dynamic process in the temperature range of 20 to 120 °C.
Photochromism of 1,2-Bis(5-n-alkyl-2-phenyloxazol-4-yl)perfluorocyclopentene Derivatives in Single-crystalline Phase
Authors: Yamaguchi Tadatsugu , Taniguchi Wataru , Kagawa Tomonori , Kamihashi Yusuke , Ozeki Toru , Morimoto Masakazu , Irie Masahiro
Published: May 2011

1,2-Bis(5-n-alkyl-2-phenyloxazol-4-yl)perfluorocyclopentenes were synthesized and their photochromic performance was examined in hexane solution as well as in single-crystalline phase.
One-step Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous Silicas with Multilamellar Vesicular Core and Ordered Mesostructured Shell
Authors: Yuan Pei , Yu Chengzhong
Published: May 2011

Hierarchically porous silicas with multilamellar vesicular core and ordered mesostructured shell have been successfully synthesized using a simple one-step method through a soft dual-templating approach. The vesicular core has irregular cavity size generally larger than 100 nm, while the pore size of the shell is 9.8 nm, which may have potential applications in loading and controlled release of large molecules.
The tracial Rokhlin property for actions of finite groups on C*-algebras
Authors: Phillips N. Christopher
Published: May 2011

We define ``tracial'' analogs of
the Rokhlin property for actions of finite groups,
approximate representability of actions of finite abelian groups,
and approximate innerness.
We prove the following four
analogs of related ``nontracial'' results. $\bullet$
The crossed product of an infinite dimensional
simple separable unital C*-algebra with tracial rank zero
by an action of a finite group with the tracial Rokhlin property
again has tracial rank zero. $\bullet$
An outer action of a finite abelian group on
an infinite dimensional
simple separable unital C*-algebra has the tracial Rokhlin property
if and only if its dual is tracially approximately representable,
and is tracially approximately representable
if and only if its dual has the tracial Rokhlin property. $\bullet$
If a strongly tracially approximately inner action of a
finite cyclic group on an infinite dimensional
simple separable unital C*-algebra has the tracial Rokhlin property,
then it is tracially approximately representable. $\bullet$
An automorphism of an infinite dimensional
simple separable unital C*-algebra $A$ with tracial rank zero
is tracially approximately inner
if and only if it is the identity on $K_0 (A)$ mod infinitesimals.
Stable quasiconformal mapping class groups and asymptotic Teichmüller spaces
Authors: Fujikawa Ege , Matsuzaki Katsuhiko
Published: May 2011

The stable quasiconformal
mapping class group is a group of quasiconformal mapping classes of a Riemann surface
that are homotopic to the identity outside some topologically finite subsurface.
Its analytic counterpart
is a group of mapping classes that act
on the asymptotic Teich\-m\"ul\-ler space trivially.
We prove that the stable quasiconformal
mapping class group is coincident with the
asymptotically trivial mapping class group for
every Riemann surface satisfying a certain geometric condition.
Consequently, the intermediate Teich\-m\"ul\-ler space, which is
the quotient space of the Teich\-m\"ul\-ler space
by the asymptotically trivial mapping class group, has a complex manifold structure,
and its automorphism group is geometrically isomorphic to
the asymptotic Teich\-m\"ul\-ler modular group.
The proof utilizes a condition for an asymptotic Teich\-m\"ul\-ler modular
transformation to be of finite order, and this is given by the consideration of
hyperbolic geometry of topologically infinite surfaces and its deformation under
quasiconformal homeomorphisms. Also these arguments enable us to show that
every asymptotic Teich\-m\"ul\-ler modular
transformation of finite order has a fixed point on the
asymptotic Teich\-m\"ul\-ler space, which can be regarded as
an asymptotic version of the Nielsen theorem.
Hilbert scheme of rational cubic curves via stable maps
Authors: Chung Kiryong , Kiem Young-Hoon
Published: May 2011

The space of smooth rational cubic curves in projective space
${\Bbb P}^r$ ($r\ge 3$) is a smooth quasi-projective variety, which
gives us an open subset of the corresponding Hilbert scheme, the
moduli space of stable maps, or the moduli space of stable
sheaves. By taking its closure, we obtain three compactifications
${\bf H}$, ${\bf M}$, and ${\bf S}$ respectively. In this paper, we compare
these compactifications. First, we prove that ${\bf H}$ is the blow-up
of ${\bf S}$ along a smooth subvariety parameterizing planar stable
sheaves. Next we prove that ${\bf S}$ is obtained from ${\bf M}$ by three
blow-ups followed by three blow-downs and the centers are
described explicitly. Using this, we calculate the cohomology of
${\bf S}$.
Dangerous Cosmopolitanism: Erasing Difference in Istanbul
Authors: Brink-Danan Marcy
Published: May 2011

If, as is widely argued, we live in a cosmopolitan moment, the processes of cosmopolitanization are sometimes fraught with danger. Describing contexts in which cosmopolitanism is censored, this article considers recursive erasures of difference in Turkish-Jewish architecture, bodily marking, and language that highlight this sense of dangerous cosmopolitanism. This scenario complicates the popular notion that cosmopolitanism requires public nomination of difference; instead, cosmopolitanism is sometimes observable only by accounting for knowledge of what should be kept private. Without a fundamental examination of the production and interpretation of knowledge of difference, reckonings of lived cosmopolitanism are incomplete.
The Politics of the Dang'an: Spectralization, Spatialization, and Neoliberal Governmentality in China
Authors: Yang Jie
Published: May 2011

This essay examines the dang'an system and its post-Mao transformation in order to explore China's recent neoliberal governance. The transformation of the dang'an from a mode of socialist control to a mechanism for enacting market economy serves to spectralize (reduce and derive) Maoist socialism for entrepreneurial capital. Such revisions have also given rise to new forms of spatialization, which reduce workers' consciousness of class and historical temporality and sustain stability. The dang'an and its revisions illustrate how authoritarian and illiberal measures are tinkered into neoliberal technologies in a postsocialist context.
Reverberations: Disability and the New Kinship Imaginary
Authors: Rapp Rayna , Ginsburg Faye
Published: May 2011

The concept of Learning Disabilities (LD) didn't exist until 1963. Now, LDs are the most commonly diagnosed category for American children in special education. Based on long-term fieldwork and focused interviews in NYC with parents of "atypical" children, the authors analyze how experiences of family life with a disability reverberate through the life cycle as well as the domestic cycle. Our findings show that families are reimagining kinship narratives as they refashion their expectations and daily lives around non-normative children, often taking their insights beyond the home, and contributing more broadly to new cultural understandings of human cognitive diversity.
Lost Bullets: Fetishes of Urban Violence in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Penglase R. Ben
Published: May 2011

This article contrasts how stray bullets are spoken about by residents of a poor neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with how they are depicted in the media and by residents of wealthier neighborhoods. In order to examine the role that stray bullets play in cultural constructions of violence and insecurity, it uses the theory of fetishism to analyze the implications of speaking of bullets as if they were alive. It argues that representations of urban violence are often centered upon concerns with transgression and often contain elements which resist fixation, thereby producing greater anxiety and fear. Analyzing how residents of Rio talk about stray bullets reveals that collective understandings of violence often contain elements which resist naturalization, producing a state of both security and insecurity, or a state of (in)security.
Orbis Romanus : Lucan and the Limits of the Roman World
Authors: Pogorzelski Randall J.
Published: May 2011

Lucan's Bellum Civile offers two different visions of the geography of the Roman world. In the proem and the praise of Nero, the poem locates Rome at the center of a soon-to-be-completed world empire. In contrast, after the battle of Pharsalus in book 7 the remaining books divide the world into eastern and western parts, locating Rome in the center of the western part of the world. A century after the great territorial expansion of the late Republic, Lucan replaces the apparently optimistic confidence in imminent Roman world conquest with a vision of a limited Roman world.
Priam's Catabasis: Traces of the Epic Journey to Hades in Iliad 24
Authors: de Jáuregui Miguel Herrero
Published: May 2011

This paper aims to prove that Priam's journey to Achilles' quarters in Iliad 24 is depicted at several points as a journey to Hades. The catabatic coloring of the episode has been sometimes acknowledged, but never systematically studied. The assumption that Homer's audience recognized some clear allusions to the tales of heroic descents to Hades offers a number of possibilities for exploration. Not only are several passages shown to have deeper poetic meaning in this light, but Homer's use of traditional themes and his aesthetic and ideological competition with other epic traditions are also illuminated by this case study.
Lies, Lyres, and Laughter: Surplus Potential in the Homeric Hymn to Hermes
Authors: Bungard Christopher
Published: May 2011

This paper seeks to reevaluate scholarly responses to the laughter in the Homeric Hymn to Hermes . Using Zupančič's recent work on comedy, I argue that Hermes intentionally exploits surplus potentials that emerge from splits in the perceived unity and completeness of Zeus's cosmos. Through surpluses (a tortoise-lyre, a baby cattle rustler, a baby master of legal speech), Hermes is able to attain his place among the Olympians. The laughter of the audience is one final expression of this acceptance of Hermes and his potential.
Humanizing the Nazi?: The Semiotics of Vampirism, Trauma, and Post-Holocaust Ethics in Louise Murphy's The True Story of Hansel and Gretel: A Novel of War and Survival
Authors: Khader Jamil
Published: May 2011

In reconfiguring the Otherness and radical evil of the Nazi Other in her post-Holocaust retelling, Louise Murphy appropriates a system of vampiric codes and signs, the semiotics of vampirism, to accomplish two goals: First, to underwrite the Oberführer's obsession with revitalizing his body and the fascist body politic. Second, to reveal the projective displacement inherent to the demonization of the Jews in the anti-Semitic Nazi racial ideology.
The Inexplicable Moon and the Postsecular Moment: The Apollo Program in Two Picturebooks
Authors: Wend-Walker Graeme
Published: May 2011

Postsecular theory is applied to two children's picturebooks to show how each disturbs the religious/secular binarism. No One Walks on My Father's Moon addresses the struggle to reconcile religion and science, while Team Moon unconsciously demonstrates the immersion of secularist accounts of the Apollo program within a spiritualized public discourse.
Can College Students Accurately Assess What Affects Their Learning and Development?
Authors: Bowman Nicholas A. , Seifert Tricia A.
Published: May 2011

Informal (and sometimes formal) assessments in higher education often ask students how their skills or attitudes have changed as the result of engaging in a particular course or program; however, it is unclear to what extent these self-reports are accurate. Using a longitudinal sample of over 3,000 college students, we found that students were fairly inaccurate when reporting how their experiences with faculty and peers affected their own cognitive and personal development. These findings call into question the use of perceived influence measures, and they add to a growing literature on the validity of self-reported measures of learning and development.
Master Shakespeare, Mrs. Browning, Miss Dickinson, and the Servants
Authors: Loeffelholz Mary
Published: May 2011

This essay reads Dickinson's relationship to domestic service from a comparative perspective, both historical and transnational. Service and the social relations of service are central themes in the work of Shakespeare and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, two of Dickinson's most significant authorial influences; as their work underlines, service has a long history of being attached figuratively as well as literally to authorship. In the long historical view, poets were servants in the economy of patronage before they were agents in the marketplace—where even then they resembled domestic servants in virtue of performing for money the intimate addresses that might be thought to belong to love. Dickinson's class position enabled her to refuse both kinds of worldly servanthood in favor of "The Service without Hope - "—"tenderest" because tendered without "impetus of Gain" (Fr880). Her figuring of the conditions surrounding her own authorship was nevertheless marked by both of these refusals and by the characteristic antinomies of their framing: love and money, subordination and mutuality, freedom and compulsion, recognition and invisibility. In poems like "My Life had stood - a Loaded Gun - " (Fr764) and "Rearrange a 'Wife's' Affection!" (Fr267), Dickinson transforms to her own purposes Shakespeare's distinctive yoking of erotic desire, gender disguise, and intimate service. Barrett Browning's writings, especially Aurora Leigh and A Drama of Exile , also raise questions for the nexus of love, service, and writing near to Dickinson's own concerns: centrally, the questions of whether heterosexual marriage placed privileged women in the position of servants vis-à-vis men of their own class, and of whether women's writing was structurally positioned as a kind of service within the nineteenth-century literary marketplace.