bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laikraštis „Šviesa“
Authors: Vėbra Rimantas
Published: August 2024

Lithuanian illegal press of the second half of the 19th century is one of the basic historical sources to study the problems of the said time.In the Lithuanian Sowjet historiography we still lack special studies devoted to an analysis of this press.In this paper the author is trying to reveal the thematic structure of this newspaper and to appraise its tactics and its ideological trend.In the pages of the newspaper there have to a certain extend found their place all the principal problems of the development of the Lithuanian society of the time: the struggle for the national market, the national movement etc.The author of this paper, on the ground of an analysis of the contents of the most important papers published in „Šviesa“, is arriving to the conclusion that in the history of the newspaper, as far as its ideological trends are concerned, there have been two periods: 1) the period from 1887 to 1888 and 2) that of 1890. In the first period the main trend of the newspaper was clearly clerical, in the second – in the most secular. As to its tactics, the newspaper „Šviesa“ is closer to the liberal clerical newspaper „Tėvynės sargas“ than to the ultraclerical „Apžvalga“.
Psichologiniai kai kurių darbo aspektų tyrimai mokslinėje techninėje bibliotekoje
Authors: Šimkūnienė Leontina
Published: August 2024

The present article deals with the basic criterions of satisfaction that is experienced from work by the workers of the scientific technical library of a scientific research institute.The workers of this library filled in special forms that were prepared by paying the main attention to material and–basically–to psychological aspects.The results show that psychological motives are the principle motives of satisfaction got from work in our collective. The workers of our library experience less satisfaction in business contacts.In conclusions emphasize the necessity for the librarians of such libraries to be aware of the scientific subjects carried out in the institute and to study continuously interests and needs of the readers-specialists.
ESM bibliografiniame darbe
Authors: Černiauskienė Izabelė , Liberis Stasys
Published: August 2024

The first experiment in usings computer „Minsk–22“ to compile an alphabetical index to the joint catalog of foreign mathematical periodicals of the biggest libraries of the Lithuanian SSR is described.The aim of the experiment was to study practically the technology of the preparation of bibliographic publications with the help of computers, the possibilities of using computers in the compilations of more complex and comprehensive publications, to evaluate the effectiveness of this method.
1861 m. spaudiniai – himnai
Authors: Gargasaitė Dalia
Published: August 2024

Before the rebellion of 1863 in Poland, Lithuania, Byelorussia took place a lot of manifestations, which were held in the streets, in churches and so on. During the demonstrations people sang hymns „Boże, coś Polskȩ...”, „Jeszcze Polska nie zginȩła...” and others, which later on were called in literature national hymns of Poles. These hymns had traces of politics, called to the fight against tsarism, carried the ideas of Lublin unia. These hymns became popular among different peoples – they were translated into Russian, Latvian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian, Lithuanian languages. The year of edition of the „Giesmės nabožnos” was unknown: Now the year of edition is defined – 1861. It was founded by soviet historian A. F. Smirnov that the Polish hymn „Boże, coś Polskȩ...” was translated into Lithuanian by the student of the Petersburg university T. Nešukaitis. In the article is suggested supposition that hit translation was published in the edition „Giesmės nabožnos” and new facts of his biography are throwlighted upon. There are some other translations of this hymn into Lithuanian, but the authors are unknown. The other Polish hymn „Jeszcze Polska nie zginȩła...” was translated into Lithuanian for some times. This hymn was very popular among the people. In this article also are published new facts of its translator’s K. Siaurimavičius’s biography.
Kai kurie studentų technikų ir humanitarų grožinės literatūros kūrinių suvokimo ypatumai
Authors: Barzdžiukienė Leonora
Published: August 2024

The article analyses the problem of apprehension of fiction in terms of theory as well as presents the results of the concrete sociological investigation having been carried out in December 1977 — April 1918 among the students of Kaunas Antanas Sniečkus Politechnic Institute and Vilnius Vincas Mickevičius Kapsukas State University on the basis of questionnaire tests “The Writer and the Reader”, “My point of view on poetry”.The article also analyses the specific character of artistic apprehension of 2 short stories and 4 poems, depending on the type of studies and other faktors: the intensity and culture of reading, the student advancement, the standpoint on the values given by the works of fiction.
Библиотечная деятельность Адама Мицкевича
Authors: Фирсов Георгий
Published: August 2024

The paper describes the little known page in the biography of the Great Polish poet A. Mickiewicz, his activities as librarian, first after his graduation from the Vilnius university in the districtal school at Kaunas, than, after his left Russia, in Paris as librarian in various local libraries: Bibliotheque Nationale, the Library of Polish historical-literary Society and at last (1853–1855) in the Library of the Arsenal.
Lietuvos komjaunimo spaudos leidimas TSRS (1919–1940.VI)
Authors: Zaveckienė Žiedūnė
Published: August 2024

In general the Lithuanian Komsomol Press publications are of great importance in the history of publication. After the defeat of the revoliution the so called white terror made the press be transfered to a foreign country. A great number of press leaders moved abroad as well.The Lithuanian Komsomol Press of 1919–1928 was published in Moscow, Smolensk, Minsk, Vitebsk.Twenty booklets were issued (about one third of all the publications in 1919-June, 1940). Some newspapers has been published as well but its share comparing with the other publications was rather small (5 of 81 publications). One of the most important publication of that period was “The Working Youth” issued in Smolensk. Here the greatest number of its was issues (36 of 51 copies).The international help of the Soviet Country enabled the leaders of the Komsomol press of Lithuania to get more experience, to prepare people for the underground work, to make them stronger both in politics and theory.
Pastangos leisti liaudies biblioteką ir laikraštį “Pakeleivingas” (1858–1859 m.)
Authors: Merkys Vytautas
Published: August 2024

Gestützt auf die entsprechenden Gesuche, auf die Korrespondenz der Behörden, auf die Briefe des litauischen Literaten M. Akelaitis mit J. I. Kraszewski und anderes Material, wird das Bemühen einiger litauischer Kulturschaffenden – M. Akelaitis, S. Daukantas, L. Ivinskis, M. Valančius – behandelt, die Wochenzeitschrift “Pakeleivingas” für Bauern und eine Bücherserie “Volksbibliothek” herauszugeben. Es werden Gesuche an die Staatsbehörden, das Suchen nach den Geldmitteln für Publikationen und deren Programme erörtert. Die Anregung zur Herausgabe der Zeitschrift und der Volksbibliothek gaben die örtlichen Kultur- und Wirtschaftsbedürfnisse sowie analoges Beispiel von Publikationen der Russen, Polen und Letten. Die neuen Publikationen sollten das ökonomische und kulturelle Niveau der Bauern heben und das nationale Bewußtsein wecken. Diese Publikationsbemühungen waren erfolglos wegen der Zarenmaßnahmen zur Begrenzung der Presse und der Gleichgültigkeit der örtlichen Gutsbesitzer, die dazu keine Mittel zur Verfügung stellten.
Martyno Jankaus spaustuvės veikla Ragainėje ir Tilžėje 1889–1892 metais
Authors: Kaunas Domas
Published: August 2024

Zum ersten Mal hat M. Jankus eine Buchdruckerei im Jahre 1889 (im Februar oder März) in Ragnit gegründet, zusammen mit seinem Kompagnon K. Voska. Anfangs ging das Geschäft schwer, Schuld daran war zum großen Teil K. Voska. Im August 1890 machte M. Jankus sich von ihm los und verlegte die Buchdruckerei nach Tilsit. Infolge finanzieller Mißerfolge und auch dadurch, daß die deutschen Regierungsstellen M. Jankus Schwierigkeiten machten, geriet er in große Schulden und erklärte sich im Juli 1892 bankrott. Von 1889 bis 1892 hat er 43 Bücher herausgegeben, wovon 14 für Klein Litauen bestimmt waren, und druckte 7 Zeitungen: “Varpas” (1889–1892), “Ūkininkas” (1890–1892), “Nauja aušra” (1892), “Apšvieta” (1892), waren für die Leser in Groß Litauen bestimmt, “Tetutė” (1891–1893) gleichzeitig für groß- und kleinlitauische Leser, “Naujos žinios” (1889–1890) für Klein Litauen. Bei M. Jankus wurde auch das Organ “Ostdeutscher Volksbote” der Sozialdemokratischen Partei in Ostpreußen gedruckt. Auch eine Zusammenarbeit des Buchdruckers mit revolutionären Kreisen in Rußland fand statt.
Tarptautinių organizacijų depozitinis fondas ir jo panaudojimas Vilniaus universiteto mokslinėje bibliotekoje
Authors: Balsytė Raimunda
Published: August 2024

Nowadays the role of international organizations has risen. The international organizations developing their activities solve actual political, economical and cultural problems. The solutions of these problems appear in their publications and documents which are used by separate countries solving their local questions. In order to make their publications and documents freely available throughout the world, the international organizations have created a system of depository libraries. These libraries get the material issued by international organizations.Each country seeks to have such a centre of documents, to become a member of United Nations depository libraries system or other international organizations. The scientific library of Vilnius university fulfils this function in our republic.The article reveals the creation of UN depository libraries system, its present state, the function of Dag Hammarskjold library at the UN Headquarters.The main attention is paid to the depository fund of United Nations (UN), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and World Health Organization (WHO) in scientific library of Vilnius university. The history of its creation, its structure, maintenance of the collection, use of fund are being described in the article. The efforts to advocate documents of international organizations in public is also mentioned here.
Užsieniečių poreikių LTSR knygai tenkinimas knygų prekybos būdu
Authors: Starkūnaitė-Jurkuvėnienė Vanda , Kubickaitė Valė
Published: August 2024

The article deals with the immediate source of the spreading of Soviet Lithuanian books abroad, the international book trade. The Export-Import Department of the Soviet Lithuanian Book Base cooperates with the all-Union Society “The International Book” which since 1930 has a monopoly of book trade with foreign countries. Meantime Lithuanian books are sold in more than sixty countries.Different problems of the Soviet Lithuanian book trade with foreign countries have been dealt with since 1955 in the articles by J. Bartkus, V. Mirkinas. S. Arnašius, M. Požarskas, B. Vaitkevičius, V. Aleknavičius etc.The customers are informed about Lithuanian publications meant for international book trade by special catalogues “Books in the Lithuanian Language from the USSR” In 1955–1976 readers abroad were recommended to buy over 400 books published by Soviet Lithuanian publishing houses; it made up almost 50% of all publications. In 1977 the criteria of book choice were changed; now the supply of publications has decreased almost by half. Lithuanian books are also advertised by the Union catalogue “Novyje knygi SSSR”. The book trade with foreign countries is influenced by the immediate contacts of our publishers with foreign publishers and representatives of book trade firms and organizations during the International Book Fairs and Exhibitions in Moscow. In 1955 when Soviet Lithuanian books started to be sold abroad the Republican Book Base had no direct contacts with foreign partners. From 1963 Lithuanian books have been sent directly to book firms abroad. In 1966 a special Export Group was set up which later was reorganized into the Export-Import Department.There is a great demand abroad for Lithuanian belles-lettres. The demand for Lithuanian books for children has also increased. Therefore special editions of books in Czech, Slovak. German and other languages are published. Readers abroad are also interested in books on history. Lithuanian fiction, linguistics. and books on art.More effectively demands abroad for Soviet Lithuanian books might be satisfied if more detailed investigations of the 25-year-old practice in book trade and the coordination and cooperation of the activities of the participating institutions and organizations were carried on.
Didžiojo tėvynės karo metais į šalies gilumą pasitraukusių Lietuvos piliečių bibliotekinis aptarnavimas
Authors: Sinkevičius Klemensas
Published: August 2024

When the Hitlerite soldiery began to occupy parts of the Soviet territory, in the first place Lithuania, 22,671 Lithuanian citizens evacuated to the depth of the Soviet union.The library system of the country was adapted to work under war conditions. Much attention was paid to the evacuees service.In 1942 the Moscow editing houses began to publish books in the Lithuanian language. Thus started the acquisition of Lithuanian literature for the Lithuanian children’s homes and schools and for the libraries of the courses at the Central Committee of the Lithuanian Communist Party and for Soviet and Party active members.The libraries helped the evacuees to work and to learn, to contribute to the common fight of the Soviet people against fascism.
M. Jankaus leidybinės veiklos baigiamasis etapas ir jos rezultatai
Authors: Kaunas Domas
Published: August 2024

In der letzten Etappe seiner Verlagstätigkeit (1909–1923) war M. Jankus in Klaipėda (Memel) und Šilutė (Heydekrug) tätig. In diesen Jahren war er nicht besonders produktiv. Dazu gab es zwei Ursachen: erstens, nach der Aufhebung des Presseverbots in lateinischer Schrift entstanden grosse litauische Verlage in Vilnius, Kaunas und anderen Kulturzentren Litauens, und zweitens, die preussische Administration begann den Drucker für seine aktive Teilnahme an der Nationalbewegung in Klein-Litauen zu verfolgen. Im Jahre 1912 mochte M. Jankus Bankrott. In den Jahren 1922–1923 versuchte er mit A. Bruoželis die Verlagstätigkeit aufzunehmen, aber ohne Erfolg. 1909–1923 druckte M. Jankus etwa 10 Bücher und gab nicht regelmässig einige Zeitungen heraus: „Dienos laps“ („Tagesblatt“), „Memeler Neueste Nachrichten“, „Memeler Abendpost“, „Apžvalga“ („Rundschau“), „Memelgauzeitung“.M. Jankus war in der Presse von 1889 bis 1923 tätig. In dieser Zeit gab er 358 litauische Bücher und 25 Zeitungen (unter ihnen 4 in deutscher Sprache) heraus. Die meisten von ihnen waren weltlichen, geselschaftlich-politischen Inhalts. 1904 druckte M. Jankus zum erstenmal in litauischer Sprache „Das Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei“.
JAV lietuvių draugijų leidybinė veikla iki 1904 m.
Authors: Gargasaitė Dalia
Published: August 2024

Die litauischen Emigranten in den USA bildeten Gesellschaften. Mehrere von diesen Gesellschaften (etwa 130) hatten mindestens ein Buch herausgegeben, und das waren ihre Statuten. Eine weitergreifende Tätigkeit hatten etwa 12 Gesellschaften entwickelt. Die bekanntesten von ihnen waren folgende: Die Litauische wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft, die Gesellschafl der Heimatfreunde, die Vereinigung der Litauer in den USA. Ingesamt hatten diese Gesellschaften etwa 200 Drucksachen herausgegeben, d. h. 29% der ganzen litauischen Buchproduktion.
Mokslinės-techninės informacijos sistemos – kaip sudėtingos sistemos
Authors: Broniukaitis Romualdas
Published: August 2024

Scientific and technical information systems are analysed as complex systems, the structure of which is determined by principles of their functioning and peculiarities of problems under consideration. Characteristic data of quality of scientific and technical information system functioning are determined, methods of their evaluation are presented.
Содействие ЮНЕСКО в разработке и внедрении международных нормативов и стандартов библиотечной работы
Authors: Мацявичюте Эляна
Published: August 2024

The internationally recognized standards, norms and methods of the library and information work are the main means of coordination and compatibility of library and information nets throughout the world. The international non-governmental organizations such as IFLA, FID, ICSU/AB, ISO TC-46 work much in the field of creation, ratifying and acknowledgement of such standards, norms and recommendations. Their work is coordinated by UNESCO which helps them by various means and creates the international standards and recommendations itself. The author speaks of the main forms of this work (conventions, international agreements, standards of ISO and others) and the main objects of the international standardization (library statistics, the exchange of publications, bibliographic description, the numerating systems of publications, cataloguing rules, international book tending system, terminology and so on).
Tarybinės knygos vaidmuo formuojant skaitytojų pasaulėžiūrą buržuazinėje Lietuvoje
Authors: Bartašienė Irena
Published: August 2024

Sowjetische Bücher machten einen groben Einfluß auf verschiedene Seiten des Lebens im burgerlichen Litauen. Sie wurden zu einem wichtigsten Faktoren bei der Gestaltung der Standpunkte der Vertreter verschiedener Sozialgrupper.Wie es von den Archivalien und Erinnerungsquellen festaustellen ist, wurde unter den fortschritllichen Lesern eine besonders große Aufmerksamkeit den Werken der klassiker des Marksismus-Leni ismus gechenkt, sowie die Bücher über die Geschichte der KPdSU, über den Aufbau des Socialismus und andere in der UdSSR herausgegebene gesellschaftlichpolitische und wissenschaftliche Literatur gern gelesen.Die sowjetische schöngeistige Literatur hatte auch große ideologische Wirkungskraft, das ist vor allem den Büchern von V. Majakovskij, M. Gorkij, M. Scholochow, A. Serafimowitsch, D. Furmanow und vielen auderen sowjetischen Schrifstellern zu verdanken.Die sowjetische Presse half das Leben des Sowjetlandes kennenlernen: die Zeitungen “Iswestije” (Nachrichten), “Prawda” (die Wahrheit), “Literaturnaja gazeta” (Literarisch Zeitung), u. a. wurden besonders unter den Lesern beliebt.Teilnehmer der revolutionären Bewegung, Werktätige, fortschriteiche Schrifsteller, Wissenschaftler, Lehrer, Vertreter vielen anderen Berufe gehörten zu den aktivsten Lesern der sowjetischen Bücher, die innen neben anderen Faktoren ermogliehen, sich den materialistischen Standpunkt anzulignen.
JAV lietuviškų knygų autoriai, sudarytojai, vertėjai (iki 1904 m.)
Authors: Gargasaitė Dalia
Published: August 2024

During 30 years, from 1874 up to 1904 (including), in the USA there were printed more than 720 Lithuanian books, small prints, musical publications, paintings and maps (including and repeated printings). Part of them – (about 380 prints) prepared by USA Lithuanians – editors, priests, doctors, musicians, merchants and by the people of an indefinite and unknown professions. They were abuot 50.
“Ūkiškasis kalendorius” (Kalendarz gospodarski) Lietuvoje tarp dviejų sukilimų (1831–1863 m.)
Authors: Budinaitė Salomėja
Published: August 2024

“Economical calendar” which was published in Vilnius from 1831 up to 1863 is a typical example of the calendars’ press. It was the only Polish calendar printed in Lithuania till 1842 and from 1842 the only Russian-Polish one. According this calendar L. Ivinskis began to print Lithuanian calendars. The Vilnius Astronomy Obserwatory owned the monopoly of publishing of the calendar.The article reveals the circumstances under which the publication was printed and distributed. In the article the content, structure, destination and editions of the calendar are analysed. The efforts of astronomer M. Gusev to reform the calendar are also presented in the article.“Economical calendar” is an important source to investigate problems of public education, economic structure and social life. There were printed not only calendar data but also information on agriculture, medicine, astronomy, meteorology in these editions.The material of the calendar is estimated from two points: 1) the educational, informational, communicational importance of the calendar in 1831–1863. 2) the actuality of these editions for a contemporary reader and scientist.
Gamtos mokslų personalinės bibliografijos raida Lietuvoje
Authors: Matulaitytė Stasė
Published: August 2024

Die ersten Verzeichnisse der Werke litauischer Wissenschaftler auf dem Gebiet der Naturwissenschaften findet man in den bibliographischen Wörterbüchern des 19. Jh.Ende des 19. Jh. erschienen auch die ersten personalen Verzeichnisse als Teile der Bücher und der Periodik. Wenn man über die Zweige im einzelnen spricht, soll man erwähnen daß die größte Anzahl der personalen Hilfsmitteln war ab Ende des 19. Jh. bis Gegenwart für die Botaniker zusammengestellt (39). Für J. Pabrėža allein, der als erster die litauische botanische Terminologie geschaffen hatte, wurden 10 solche Bibliographien vorbereitet. Mit personalen Hilfsmitteln sind die Physiker gut versorgt. Die Zentralbibliothek der Akademie der Wissenschaften der Litauischen Republik gibt eine Serie Bibliographien der Werke von Akademietigliedern. Das sind vollständinge, nach einer einheitlichen Methodik vorbereitete, gleich ausgestattete Bibliographien. Vier solche Bibliographien sind auch für Physiker (P. Brazdžiūnas, A. Jucys, J. Požela, B. Styra) herausgegeben.Einige Bibliographien sind Chemikern (J. Matulis, A. Purėnas), Zoologen (T. Ivanauskas, P. Šivickis), Geologen (J. Čerskis, J. Lukoševičius) u. a. gewidmet. Wenige Mittel sind für Mathematiker vorbereitet.Wie die übersicht zeigt, kann man folgende Gruppen von personalen Bibliographien unterscheiden: 1) größere personale Bibliographien, die das ganze Schaffen eines bestimmten Wissenschaftlers und die Literatur über ihn umfassen; sie sind von Bibliothekaren-Bibliographen zusammengestellt worden; die bibliographische Beschreibung entspricht dem Standard; 2) Bibliographien und Verzeichnisse in Büchern über die Wissenschaftler oder in wissenschaftlichen Werken; die meisten davon sind auch von Bibliographen zusammengestellt worden; 3) von dem Autor selbst zusammengestellt Verzeichnisse in den Artikeln, in denen der Autor über seine Kollegen schrieb; hier werden nur die wichteigsten Arbeiten des Wissenschaftlers angefürt, manchmal auch ein wenig Literatur über ihn, gewöhnlich ist die bibliographische Beschreibung nicht vollständig und entspricht dem Standard nicht.
Становление библиотечно-библиографического образования в университетах СССР
Authors: Гудаускас Реналдас
Published: August 2024

The author analyses the founding of the departments of library and bibliography sciences in the universities of the republics of the Soviet Union. He shows the historical sources of this tradition, analyses the first attempts made in the USSR. More attention is paid to the existing departments of library and bibliography sciences in Vilnius, Ryga, Baku, Kishiniov and other universities. The main stress is laid on organizational aspect of the process of founding such departments and the conditions of their work in the environment of other specialities, their influence on training of librarians.
AGROINFORM — žemės ir miškų ūkio mokslinės techninės informacijos sistema
Authors: Zinkevičienė Julija
Published: August 2024

Ten socialist countries of COMECON are the members of AGROINFORM. There are many common regularities in the structure and organization of their agricultural and forestry science information.The main peculiarities of information activities, the structure and function of the international system AGROINFORM, the net of national information systems on science and technology, the problems of their coordination are analized in the article. The main sources of information and information publications of all kinds are presented.The analysis of the material shows that activities of the information bodies in AGROINFORM are of wide range. The information flow requires close analysis and qualified document selection. Most socialist countries have developed the systems of bibliographic information, abstracts and survey services. The selective information and current awareness information are widely used.The cooperation with other socialist countries and participation in AGROINFORM may be used by Lithuanian agricultural industry complex.
Prūsų katekizmų vokiškų tekstų pirminiai šaltiniai
Authors: Dūdaitė Zofija
Published: August 2024

Der deutsche Text des I und II Katechismen hat als Grundlage die Wittenberger Ausgabe des Kleinen Katechismus von Jahre 1531: Enchiridion. Der kleine Catechismus fur die gemeine Pfarher und Prediger. Mart. Lu. MDXXXI. Gedruckt zu Wittenberg durch Nickel Schirlentz, MDXXXI. In manchen Fällen unterscheidet sich der deutsche Text des I und II Katechismus von Wittenberger Ausgabe und folgt den anderen Quellen: dem Großen Katechismus, der Bibel.Der deutsche Text des III Katechismus stützt sich auf die Leipziger Ausgabe des kleinen Katechismus von Jahre 1543: Enchiridion. Der kleine Catechismus. Fur die gemeine Pfarherr und Prediger D. Mari. Luther. Leipzig. Gedruckt zu Leipzig durch Valentin Babst in der Ritterstraßen. M.D.XLIII. Große Unterschiede zwischen beiden Texten sind im Dekalog zu bemerken. Der deutsche Text des Dekalogs stützt sich auf zwei Quellen: auf Leipziger Ausgabe des kleinen Katechismus vom Jahre 1543, und auf Catechismus oder Kinder predig. In anderen Teilen des Katechismus gibt’s keine großen Unterschiede. Manchmal hat der übersetzer A. Will auch andere Ausgaben des kleinen Katechismus benutzt. Manchmal hat er selbst den Text korrigiert und verändert.Der deutsche Text des Tauff-und Traubüchleins ist aus der Kirchenordnung vom 1558 entnommen (II Teil, S. 1–8, 48–53): Kirchen Ordnung. Wie es im Herzogthumb Preussen beydes mit Lehr und Ceremonien sampt andern so zu Fürderung und Erhaltung des Predigampts Christlicher zucht und guter Ordnung von nöten gehalten wird. Aderweil ubersehen gemehret und publicieret. ANNO CHRISTI M. D. LVIII. Gedruckt zu Königsperg in Preussen bey Johann Daubmann. 1558. A. Will hat einige Stellen in Agenda übergangen. Sonst fallen die Texte zusammen.
Pėteris fon Bolenas ir jo biblioteka
Authors: Kaunas Domas
Published: August 2024

Der Name des Orientalisten der Königsberger Universität Peter von Bohlen (1796–1840) ist heute nur wenig bekannt. In der Vergangenheit untersuchten deutschen Historiker seine Verdienste in der Indologie und die litauischen Geschichtsforscher – seinen Beitrag zur Baltistik. In der vorliegenden Arbeit verfolgt der Autor das Ziel, die Tätigkeit von Professor P. von Bohlen vom Standtpunkt der Bücherkunde aufzuarbeiten und insbesondere seinen Beitrag zur litauischen Kultur.P. von Bohlen studierte Orientalistik an den Universitäten Halle, Bonn und Berlin. Er beherrschte viele Sprachen, besuchte die Vorlesungen des Begründers der vergleichenden-historischen Sprachwissenschaft F. Bopp. Nach Abschluß des Studiums unterrichtete P. von Bohlen in den Jahren 1825–1837 an der Universität Königsberg Orientalistik. Mit ihm erreichten dies Fächer wissenschaftliches Niveau. Er entwickelte eine rege wissenschaftliche Tätigkeit, veröffentlichte etwa 100 Arbeiten, unter ihnen auch einige sehr originelle Arbeiten. Er schrieb Artikel über die liauische und die preußische Sprachen. Unter dem Einfluß von L. Rhesa zeigte er Interesse für die litauische Volksdichtung und begann litauische Volkslieder zu sammeln. P. von Bohlen wanderte durch Kleinlitauen und verkehrte mit Sammlern von Volksliedern ins besondere evangelischen Priestern und Lehrern. Um eine größere Unterstützung zu bekommen hat er im Jahre 1835 in der Tilsiter Zeitung einen Brief “Freundliche Bitte” veröffentlicht. Nachdem er 145 litauische Volkslieder notiert hatte, begann er an einem Buch zu arbeiten, das leider wegen seines frühen Todes nicht erscheinen konnte. Die Handschrift wurde dann von einigen deutschen Lituanisten benutzt. Heute ist sie verlorengegangen.Die private Bibliothek von Professor Peter von Bohlen wurde in einer Auktion in Halle verkauft. Ihr Katalog ist erhaltengeblieben. Das Bücherverzeichnis zeigt das besondere Interesse des Gelehrten für indische, persische, arabische und deutsche Literatur, sowie für die Literatur anderer Völker, darunter auch einige litauische Werke: philologische Arbeiten (1745–1747) von Philip und Paul Ruhig, sowie die “Dainos oder litauische Volkslieder” (1825) von L. Rhesa. Der Katalog ergänzt unsere Kenntnisse über die Bedeutung der litauischsprachiger Veröffentlichungen in privaten Bibliotheken von Wissenschaftlern des XIX Jh-s sowie über die Wege ihrer Verbreitung in europäischen Ländern. Die Kenntnis des Wirkens von Professor P. von Bohlen hilft uns besser das Zusammenwirken der litauischen Kultur mit derjenigen anderer Länder zu verstehen.
Lietuvių spaudos veikėjas Petras Vileišis. Pro memoria
Authors: Stonienė Vanda
Published: August 2024

P. Vileišis’ (1851–1926) contribution to Lithuanian culture is rather conspicuous. Born in Lithuania, he spent many years in Russia working there as a railway engineer. In addition to large engineering activities, he was always keenly interested in Lithuanian cultural life.When studying at St. Petersburg university he took an active part in the struggle against the ban of Lithuanian press by czarist regime. With his friends he published an illegal manuscript newspaper „Kalvis melagis“. Later he was deeply engaged in writing, editing and publishing Lithuanian books. Under severe political conditions of czarist Russia it was a difficult and dangerous undertaking. In spite of all difficulties P. Vileišis managed to publish about 100 books and booklets. Many of them are translations or adaptations, but about 25 publications are written by P. Vileišis himself. The majority of them belong to popular science literature. Many of his publications appeared illegally printed in East Prussia.In 1890–1911 P. Vileišis lived in Vilnius. Engaged in large industrial manufacturing, he did not give up his previous cultural activities and took an active part in developing Lithuanian press. In 1904, the Lithuanian press ban being lifted, he established the first Lithuanian daily „Vilniaus žinios“ („News of Vilnius“). The first issues of it appeared in December, 1904, and continued its circulation up to March, 1909. In November, 1904, a printing-house was founded by him and its production included mostly Lithuanian books and newspapers. In general, P. Vileišis’ printing-house produced about 160 publications, many of them being written by Lithuanian authors.In order to spread Lithuanian publications, P. Vileišis established the book-shop „Vilniaus žinios“. Four editions of special annual catalogues informed from time to time about the printed production available in his book-shop.In 1911 P. Vileišis went to Russia. The book-shop and printing-house were sold and thus his activities in the field of Lithuanian press almost came to an end.In 1921 P. Vileišis returned to Lithuania. Here he became interested in the problems of international law, wrote some studies on Lithuanian-Polish relations (published in Paris), translated from Russian into Lithuanian a book on similar problems.P. Vileišis’ cultural activities were ignored for many decades in Lithuanian historical studies. Therefore they are not studied enough and P. Vileišis’ endeavour in the field of press is not fully evaluated and recognized. More attention should be paid to his general contribution to Lithuanian cultural development.
Apie marginalijas kaip knygų prekybos istorijos šaltinį
Authors: Braziūnienė Alma
Published: August 2024

Marginalia are the manuscript inscriptions in the books. The investigation of it gives us an interesting material on the prices of the books in the past. The marginalia card-indexes are in the Library of Lithuanian Academy of Science and in the Library of Vilnius University.The marginalia with prices of the books of the 16–18th centuries and Pabrėža’s books collection are analysed. The prices of the books are compared with the prices of milk, corn, oxes etc. These examples show that the books were very expensive and therefore available only for the small part of the society. For example, the priest J. Pabrėža could buy only one book of the 18th century for money got for five Mass held in Kretinga.Only complete description of the funds of the old books in the libraries and the exhaustive card-indexes of marginalia would give the rich material for the history of the book trade in Lithuania.
Politinės aplinkos Bulgarijoje įtaka J. Basanavičiui rengiant ir leidžiant “Aušrą”
Authors: Visockis Albinas
Published: August 2024

Lithuanian national movement was not isolated from analogical processes in Europe in the 18th–19th centuries. All the movements of the nations, which had no self-dependence at that time, had the same or resembling typological traits. The interinfluence was felt. The purpose of this article is to look over the political environment in the Kingdom of Bulgaria, where Jonas Basanavičius was forming as a person and as a politician.The year of 1879, when J. Basanavičius finished his medical studies at the Moscow University, became the year of constitutional monarchy formation in Bulgaria. Life in the country was getting more dynamic because of the adoption of the Tirnov Constitution, the formation of parties, fights among them and frequent changes of governments.Liberalism became one of the most influential political movements in the country. The majority of the intelligentsia who had graduated from higher schools in Russia joined the liberal Party[ies]. Most of them had been students of the Moscow University (e. g. J. Basanavičius and such famous personalities as Petko Karavelov, Dimitr Molov etc.). The ideas of liberalism which especially impressed the representatives of the nations seeking for independence and personal acquaintances brought together J. Basanavičius and liberals. Though formally he wasn’t a member of the Liberal Party but he obviously was its supporter.The removal of liberals from power and their persecution determined J. Basanavičius’ departure from the country. He returned there only when political situation had changed.The war against Serbia (Lom was near the front line, the aggravation of the political situation in Bulgaria and J. Basanavičius’ illness removed him from the “Aušra” from some time. That time coincided with the “Aušra” failure.Later on J. Basanavičius become Bulgarian citizen and joined the Democratic Party which had been originated by consistant liberals under the leadership of P. Karavelov.
“Aušros” bendradarbių slapyvardžiai
Authors: Zaveckienė Žiedūnė
Published: August 2024

В одном из первых литовских периодических изданий «Аушра», выходившем в условиях запрета литовской печати латинскими буквами, почти все авторы скрывались под псевдонимами. В 40 номеров издании изпользовалось более 200 псевдонимов. Только 10 авторов некоторые свои статьи подписались настоящими фамилиями. История раскрытия псевдонимов сложна. Принадлежность их конкретным людям до сих пор оспаривается. В статье устанавливается, что псевдоним А. В. не правильно приписан И. Басанавичусу и пропущен в списке псевдонимов А. Бурбы. Псевдоним J. K. Sz. одновременно значится и у И. Шлюпаса, и у И. Концевичуса. Псевдоним J. М., видимо, может быть был использован не только И. Мачисом, но и Ю. Микшасом. 19 псевдонимов до сих пор остались безличными. Больше всех в раскрытии псевдонимов «Аушры» потрудились библиографы: В. Биржишка, который с 1924 года раскрыл более 70 псевдонимов, и И. Дайнаускас, собравший сведения о 180 псевдонимах и их настоящих владельцах.
“Aušros” originalų ir senosios periodikos išsaugojimo problemos
Authors: Vėlavičienė Silvija
Published: August 2024

The National M. Mažvydas Library owns two full completes of “Aušra” (1883–1886) and some scattered editions of different years. There are eight other completes in the major Lithuanian libraries. The data about the storage of this periodical outside Lithuania is presented as well. It would be very important to gather statistics about the preserved “Aušra” because the sources that are available at present are not full and reliable.The main problem of preservation of the “Aušra” and other old Lithuanian periodicals is the acidic paper of law quality. The National Library is working on their preservation by restoring the originals and producing microforms “Aušra” is of small format and that helps to store and microfilm it. The other periodicals of the large format are not so easy to keep. The microfilming of those is extremely expensive and they present complex problems for restorators. Though the possibilities of the libraries to preserve the periodicals are very low, “Aušra” is in no immediate danger. The facsimile publication of it published in Chicago is a unique example of salvation of the old periodicals. 200 copies of this publication reached Lithuania with the first package of books for Lithuania from the US.
Changes in the publishing system and book production in Estonia (from the beginning of independence in 1918 up to the present day)
Authors: Lott Mare , Möldre Aile
Published: August 2024

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Research trends in book history of independent Lithuania (1918-1940)
Authors: Glosienė Audronė
Published: August 2024

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At the beginning of book science
Authors: Navickienė Aušra
Published: August 2024

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The book science literature in the personal library of Vaclovas Biržiška
Authors: Lietuvninkaitė Nijolė
Published: August 2024

The subject fields of the science collection of Vaclovas Biržiška, and its importance for the scientific, pedagogical, and practical activities of this famous bibliographer, have been investigated.
Vaclovas Biržiška compiled a collection of books of about 5,000 copies. In 1944, this collection was moved to Kaunas University Library. After the reorganization of Kaunas University in 1950, the collection was distributed to several institutions. At present, approximately 2,000 copies of this collection are in the Library of Kaunas University of Technology, and about 1,000 copies are in the Vilnius University Library. We may find books from this collection in other major Lithuanian libraries as well. Vaclovas Biržiška collected approximately 300 key theoretical and historical works on book science published in Poland, Russia, Germany, and other countries from the 19th century to the first part of the 20th century. The collection was composed of books and periodicals on book history, bibliography, and librarianship. Vaclovas  Biržiška had a significant collection on book history, including works on incunabula, book art, the collection of rare and valuable books, and other literature. He also collected bibliography science and history, including works on Russian, Polish, and German national bibliography.
The renowned German scientist G. Schneider, with his bibliography theory, exerted a significant influence on Vaclovas  Biržiška's work and Lithuanian bibliography in general. Biržiška gathered many different bibliographical lists (indexes).
The acquisition of works on book science is connected to Vaclovas  Biržiška's role as the director of Kaunas University Library. He ensured the applicability of experiences from foreign countries.
The acquisition of his personal library was related to his professional needs. He used this collection for studies, investigations, and in articles for the Lietuviškoji enciklopedija. The most important bibliographers' works were reviewed by Vaclovas Biržiška in journals such as Knygos, Baras, and Bibliografijos žinios. The book science literature was useful when he started teaching book history and bibliography at Kaunas University.
Vaclovas Biržiška adapted the experience of foreign libraries to his library activities. The book science collection was a very important supplement to the scientific and practical activities of Vaclovas Biržiška.
Lithuanian's book publishing houses in West Europe in 1945-1952
Authors: Misiūnas Remigijus
Published: August 2024

There were 38 Lithuanian emigrant publishing houses in Western Europe between 1945 and 1952. Lithuanian books were also published in some Western European countries, including West Germany, Austria, and Sweden.
Private publishing houses constituted the largest group among Lithuanian publishing houses. The most famous was J. Lenklaitis's "Pajūris," followed by the publishing houses of brothers A., P., Vl. Šulčas's "Sudavija," and L. Vismantas (later J. Remeikis) "Venta." Other private publishing houses in Western Europe included A. Giedrailis's "Giedra," T. Vizgirda's "Aufbau," J. Akšys's "Žalgiris," B. Jacikevičius's "Pašvaistė," S. Miglinas's "Elementis," J. Narbutas and P. Indreika's "P. Abelkis," A. Ružancovas's "Kaimynai," J. Šlajus's "Tėviškė," K. Jūra's "Lithuania," and P. Leonas's "Mundus." There were also two cooperative and four stock company publishing houses. Additionally, there were some Lithuanian publishing houses that did not fit into any specific group, as they had sporadic publications, such as "Aitvaras," "Lux," "Nauja mintis," "Almus," "Lituanican," "Perkūnas," "Ramybė," "Romuva," "Sodyba," "Talalgis," "Vaidilė," "Viltis," and "Akiratis."
Most Lithuanian publishing houses in Western Europe were founded in the early years after the war (1945-11, 1946-13). Twelve of them operated for one year, nine for two years, three for three years, six for four years, two for five years, and only one for six years. There was competition among publishing houses for the small Lithuanian emigrant book market. Only a few publishing houses remained and operated.
Many of the owners and managers of Lithuanian publishing houses began this work only in emigration, but the book publishing traditions that had been established in Lithuania were carried over to Western Europe. Publishing in the early years of the war had a commercial basis, with almost every book generating profit. Another commercial indicator was the dominance of private publishing houses.
The experience of Lithuanian emigrant book publishing from 1945 to 1952 influenced the later work of Lithuanian publishing houses in Western Europe, North and South America, and Australia.
Personal bibliography of technology and agriculture in Lithuania
Authors: Matulaitytė Stasė
Published: August 2024

Investigating the development of a certain branch of science and the contribution of every scientist to the field is of great importance. A personal bibliographic index summarizing the results of a scientist's work could be helpful.
In Lithuania, various types of personal indices are compiled and issued. First of all, separate issues of exhaustive indices, including all the works of a scientist and literature about him/her, could be mentioned. Usually, they are compiled by bibliographers. Another group consists of indices published in books about scientists (e.g., Andrius Novodvorskis, Viktoras Ruokis, Jonas Kriščiūnas). They are usually compiled as well by bibliographers and cover all the works of a certain scientist and literature about him. The third group presents literature lists which are located at the end of an article (most often devoted to an anniversary) about a scientist. The lists are compiled by the authors of articles—colleagues of scientists. Therefore, the literature lists are non-standard, and only the main works of a scientist are named. Publications about the person are sometimes included as well. The above-mentioned lists only reflect the highlights of the activities of a person and do not suggest the comprehensive picture of the works accomplished. Another group of personal indices refers to the bibliographies compiled by various institutions or private persons (not bibliographers) to celebrate the anniversary of their colleague. This type of indices has just recently become fashionable. However, either personal indices' compilation methods or publications' bibliographical regulations are ignored in this type.
The article presents a review of all the mentioned groups of personal indices of scientists in the fields of technology and agriculture, beginning with the first lists of these subjects up to the year 1996.
Формування прожиткового мінімуму в контексті гарантій соціальних прав: проблеми та рішення
Authors: УСТИМЕНКО Володимир , ДЖАБРАІЛОВ Руслан , ГУДІМА Тетяна
Published: August 2024

Відзначається, що повнота реалізації соціальних прав і державних соціальних гарантій громадян залежить від економічно обґрунтованого розрахунку розміру про-житкового мінімуму. Спираючись на наявну емпіричну базу, встановлено, що держава не забезпечує належної реалізації функцій прожиткового мінімуму. Зважаючина активізацію процесів адаптації до права ЄС, зокрема у сфері соціальної політики, обґрунтовано положення про доцільність інтеграції принципу «адекватностіпідтримки доходів», передбаченого Рекомендаціями № 2023/C 41/01, у національне законодавство. Додатково обґрунтовано пропозиції щодо інших напрямів удосконалення правового забезпечення формування прожиткового мінімуму як державного соціального стандарту.
ГЛОБАЛЬНІ ТА ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКІ ПОЛІТИКОПРАВОВІ ОСНОВИ ЛЮДИНОЦЕНТРИЧНОЇ МОДЕЛІ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ У КОНТЕКСТІ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ ТА ГАРАНТУВАННЯ ПРАВ ЛЮДИНИ
Authors: САНЧЕНКО Алевтина
Published: August 2024

У статті висвітлено панораму загальносвітового та європейського політико-правовогоі науково-практичного контекстів сталого людиноцентричного розвитку йтренди іззастосування відповідної моделі господарювання. Аргументовано важливість холістичного підходу до формування нової екосистеми людиноцентричного провадження господарської діяльності згідно з Керівними принципами ООН з питань бізнесу та прав людини.Наведено свідчення керівників великих компаній про користь людиноцентричного господарювання. Представлено думки про важливість забезпечення в Україні належних політико-правових основ для впровадження нової екосистеми господарювання з урахуванням перспективи вступу нашої держави до Європейського Союзу та Організації економічного співробітництва і розвитку, а також викликів її повоєнного відновлення.
Особливості укладання електронних договорів про надання послуг у сфері ІТ суб’єктами електронної комерції
Authors: ПОМАЗАНОВ Микола
Published: August 2024

Досліджено особливості укладання суб’єктами електронної комерції електроннихдоговорів у сфері надання ІТ послуг за допомогою інформаційно-комунікаційних систем на етапі підписання електронним підписом. Проведено порівняльний аналізнаціонального законодавства та нормативних актів Європейського Союзу, які регулюють окремі аспекти електронної комерції. Виявлено відсутність поняття електронного підпису одноразовим ідентифікатором у законодавстві ЄС, натомістьвстановлено подібність поняття електронного підпису одноразовим ідентифікатором з визначенням унікального ідентифікатора, закріпленого Директивою(ЄС) 2015/2366 Європейського Парламенту та Ради від 25.11. 2015 про платіжніпослуги на внутрішньому ринку, який має інші цілі застосування, ніж як інструмент для підписання електронних документів. Запропоновано удосконаленнязаконодавства України щодо застосування в електронній комерції простого електронного підпису замість електронного підпису одноразовим ідентифікатором,що дозволить відмежувати процедури ідентифікації та автентифікації за допомогою унікальних (одноразових) ідентифікаторів від етапу підписання електронного договору