bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular identification of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola’ associated with coconut lethal yellowing in Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Bertaccini Assunta , Contaldo Nicoletta , Feduzi Giulia , Andeme Agustín Mane Ela , Yankey Egya Ndede , Rovesti Luciano
Published: July 2023

During the past two decades, a high mortality of coconut palms was observed in the coastal areas of Equatorial Guinea. Reportedly, the palm population has been reduced by 60%–70%, and coconut production has decreased accordingly. To identify the cause of the mortality, a survey was carried out in April 2021 in various localities of the coconut belt. Molecular analyses carried out on 16S rRNA and secA genes detected phytoplasma presence in the majority of the samples. Sequencing and BLAST search of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed >99% identity of the detected phytoplasmas to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola’. The RFLP analyses of 16S ribosomal gene using Tru1I and TaqI enzymes led to assign these phytoplasmas to subgroup 16SrXXII‐A. In all samples that tested positive, including one from a hybrid coconut palm and two from oil palm the same phytoplasma was identified. The phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA and secA genes confirmed respectively 99.98%–100% and 97.94%–100% identity to ‘Ca. P. palmicola’. RFLP analyses using MboII enzyme on the secA gene amplicon differentiated the phytoplasma found in Equatorial Guinea from those present in Ghana and Ivory Coast. The Equatorial Guinean phytoplasma strain resulted to be identical to the strains from Mozambique, confirming the presence of a geographic differentiation among phytoplasma strains in the coastal areas of Western and Central Africa. The identified phytoplasma is different from the ‘Ca. P. palmicola’ strains found in Ghana and Ivory Coast and represents the first identification a 16SrXXII‐A strain in Equatorial Guinea and in Central Africa. Strict monitoring and surveillance procedures for early detection of the pathogen are strongly recommended to reduce its impact and further spread in the country and permit the recovery of coconut plantations.
Analysis of patient demographics and attendance at a Far North Queensland public dermatology outpatient clinic
Authors: Dwivedi Nikhil , Barsoum Ramez , Rathbone Evelyne , Browne Ilsphi
Published: July 2023

Background/Objectives

There is limited literature focussing on the demographics of patients presenting to public dermatology outpatient clinics, with an even smaller amount focussing on clinics in regional Australia. This study presents the first patient demographic analysis for the Cairns Hospital's Dermatology Outpatient Department and analyses the cohort of patients who did not attend their appointments. In doing so, it recommends potential strategies that should be considered to address the issues of patient absenteeism and wait times in a regional setting, while also suggesting future data points that should be collected for analysis.

Methods

A 4‐year retrospective cohort study using demographic data from all referrals with medical officers (N = 10,333) from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2021 at the Cairns Hospital Dermatology Outpatient Department. The hospital is the only facility with a dermatology service within the Cairns and Hinterland Hospital and Health Service. Data were extracted from the Cairns Hinterland Analytical Intelligence (CHAI) system.

Results

Data pertaining to patient demographics, attendance of appointments, triage categories and wait times were collected and reviewed for patients referred during the study period.

Conclusion

The Dermatology Outpatient Department services an ever‐growing and diverse patient cohort. Barriers to access and long wait times exist for patients referred to the Department. Strategies to combat these issues, such as an increase in funding and resourcing, should be considered to better optimise patient care and the utilisation of health resources.
Humoral and cellular responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 in patients with B‐cell haematological malignancies improve with successive vaccination
Authors: Pinder Christopher L. , Jankovic Dylan , Fox Thomas A. , Kirkwood Amy , Enfield Louise , Alrubayyi Aljawharah , Touizer Emma , Ford Rosemarie , Pocock Rachael , Shin Jin‐Sup , Ziegler Joseph , Thomson Kirsty J. , Ardeshna Kirit M. , Peppa Dimitra , McCoy Laura E. , Morris Emma C.
Published: July 2023

Patients with haematological malignancies are more likely to have poor responses to vaccination. Here we provide detailed analysis of the humoral and cellular responses to COVID‐19 vaccination in 69 patients with B‐cell malignancies. Measurement of anti‐spike IgG in serum demonstrated a low seroconversion rate with 27.1% and 46.8% of patients seroconverting after the first and second doses of vaccine, respectively. In vitro pseudoneutralisation assays demonstrated a poor neutralising response, with 12.5% and 29.5% of patients producing a measurable neutralising titre after the first and second doses, respectively. A third dose increased seropositivity to 54.3% and neutralisation to 51.5%, while a fourth dose further increased both seropositivity and neutralisation to 87.9%. Neutralisation titres post‐fourth dose showed a positive correlation with the size of the B‐cell population measured by flow cytometry, suggesting an improved response correlating with recovery of the B‐cell compartment after B‐cell depletion treatments. In contrast, interferon gamma ELISpot analysis showed a largely intact T‐cell response, with the percentage of patients producing a measurable response boosted by the second dose to 75.5%. This response was maintained thereafter, with only a small increase following the third and fourth doses, irrespective of the serological response at these timepoints.
Factors associated with the identification of mental health conditions among people with learning disabilities in primary care: A scoping review
Authors: Wigham Sarah , Melvin Eleanor , Lester Joe , Bourne Jane , Harris Melissa , McKinnon Iain , Hackett Simon
Published: July 2023

Background

Rates of mental health conditions are high among adults with learning disabilities relative to the general population, however research suggests mental health conditions may be missed or under‐identified in this population group. This review considers factors associated with the identification of mental health conditions among adults with learning disabilities in primary care.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted and reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidance extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) We searched electronic databases (Cinahl, PsychINfo and Medline) for articles published between the years 2000 and 2022. Data were extracted, tabulated and themes were identified.

Findings

The searches identified 3262 articles and 34 met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Six broad themes were identified including (i) mental health screening in primary care, (ii) education, training and awareness raising for primary care staff, (iii) increasing access to psychological therapies (IAPT) through improved mental health condition case recognition in primary care and IAPT practitioner confidence, (iv) health checks and continuity of care, (v) specialist support for primary care providers, and (vi) awareness raising among adults with learning disabilities.

Conclusions

There should be efforts to increase availability in primary care of mental health screening measures suitable for people with learning disabilities. Training opportunities for providers across different sectors of health and social care pathways, on the mental health needs of people with a learning disability are also required. The findings can be used to guide the development of services, for adults with learning disabilities and symptoms of mental health conditions in primary care.
Pathways of Black immigrant youth in Québec from secondary school to university: Cumulative racial disadvantage and compensatory advantage of resilience
Authors: Kamanzi Pierre Canisius
Published: July 2023

This article analyzes the educational pathways of Black Canadian immigrant students in Québec with Sub‐Saharan African and Caribbean backgrounds. Both racialized groups have been targets of educational and social discrimination and segregation, which compromise their educational pathways. The results obtained from the longitudinal data however, show that some of these students are able to overcome such obstacles. Although they are more susceptible to experiencing major academic difficulties and lag due to grade repetition, and less likely to attend private institutions or to be admitted to enriched programs in public schools, these students have access to college in a proportion comparable to that of their peers whose parents are non‐immigrants. This supports the hypothesis of resilience put forward by some authors such as Krahn and Taylor (2005) regarding Canadian students from Sub‐Saharan African and Caribbean immigrant families. However, the situation is somewhat reversed with regard to obtaining a college diploma and access to university. They are less likely to have entered university and obtained a postsecondary diploma 10 years after entering secondary school. From this perspective, the resilience hypothesis should be nuanced. In short, their educational pathways are characterized by a dynamic of interaction between the cumulative disadvantage of belonging to a racialized minority and the compensatory benefit of resilience.
Automated skin lesion detection and classification using fused deep convolutional neural network on dermoscopic images
Authors: Priyanka Pramila Rayappa , Subhashini Radhakrishnan
Published: July 2023

Skin cancer becomes a deadly disease that affect people of all ages globally. The availability of various types of benign and malignant melanoma makes the skin lesion diagnostic process difficult. Since the visual inspection of skin cancer is costlier and lengthy process, it is needed to design automatic diagnosis model to classify skin lesions accurately and promptly. Computer‐aided diagnosis models can be employed to identify the presence of skin lesions using dermoscopic images. The automatic identification of skin lesions can assist the doctors and enable the detection process at an efficient and faster rate. With this motivation, this article presents an automated skin lesion detection and classification using fused deep convolutional neural network (ASDC‐FDCNN) on dermoscopic images. The ASDC‐FDCNN technique aims to identify the existence of skin lesions from dermoscopic images. The ASDC‐FDCNN model involves the design of two deep learning models namely VGG19 and ResNet152 models. Besides, the fusion based feature extraction process is performed to derive feature vectors. In addition, the DCNN technique was employed as classifier for identifying the presence or absence of skin lesions. The performance validation of the ASDC‐FDCNN technique takes place utilizing benchmark skin lesion dataset. A comparative results analysis reported the better performance of the ASDC‐FDCNN model over the recent technique with respect to various measures.
The impact of indigenous culture and business group affiliation on corporate governance of African firms
Authors: Hearn Bruce , Oxelheim Lars , Randøy Trond
Published: July 2023

Research Question/Issue

This is a study of the relationship between business group ownership and constituent firms' adoption of Anglo‐American shareholder value governance in African firms at the undertaking of an initial public offering (IPO).

Research Findings/Insights

We find business group ownership to be associated with lower Anglo‐American corporate governance adoption by constituent firms. However, this association is reversed in the institutional context of higher tribalism, while correspondingly being exacerbated in the context of lower tribalism.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

We theorize that the influence of business group ownership on firms' adoption of Anglo‐American corporate governance is better understood when considering the institutional context. We highlight how informal cultural institutions are heterogeneous and thus shape the indigenous political economy and impact business groups. Specifically, we argue institutional contexts with higher tribalism are associated with more in‐group favoritism and nepotism. This association makes it critical for business group constituent firms to escape the constraints of the political economy of tribalism when attracting outside funding, leading to a higher inclination to adopt Anglo‐American governance. Contrastingly, in lower tribalism contexts, there is more universal trust across societies and an increased availability of domestic funding.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

Given the proliferation of business group ownership within economies worldwide, the study provides a useful framework with which to gauge the influence of business group ownership on a constituent firm's adoption of Anglo‐American governance best practice. In particular, the study emphasizes that the interdependence of formal institutional architecture and tribalism—both fundamentally associated with the demographic shape and with the incentive structures embedded within the underlying national political economy—calls for careful considerations when making national corporate governance recommendations.
Risk factors for the recurrence in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with massive hemoptysis
Authors: Lin Qiong , Chen Jian , Yu Tianxing , Gao Bing , Kuang Kaijin , Fan Yong , Xu Junping , Li Xiaohua , Lin Xin , Xu Liyu
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To evaluate the outcomes of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) for the treatment of massive hemoptysis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and identify risk factors that influence recurrence.

Methods

A total of 81 patients with massive hemoptysis who underwent BAE between January 2014 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. All of the patients had either a history of pulmonary tuberculosis or a current diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Follow‐up ranged from 18 to 66 months.

Results

Hemoptysis was stopped or markedly decreased, with subsequent clinical improvement in 73 patients, while 11 patients experienced recurrence during the follow‐up period. Systemic‐pulmonary shunts and clinical failure showed a statistically significant correlation with the recurrence rate. The cumulative non‐recurrence rate was 95.3% for 3 months and 81.9% for more than 24 months. Complications were common (12.5%), but self‐limiting.

Conclusions

BAE is a safe and effective treatment option for the control of massive hemoptysis in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Systemic‐pulmonary shunts and clinical failure are the risk factors for recurrence.
Prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may not alter the clinical course of COVID‐19 in lung transplant recipients: A single‐center experience
Authors: Sindu Devika , Razia Deepika , Grief Katherine , Cherrier Lauren , Omar Ashraf , Walia Rajat , McAnally Kendra , Buddhdev Bhuvin , Tokman Sofya
Published: July 2023

Background

In the general population, prior infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 reduces the risk of severe COVID‐19; however, studies in lung transplant recipients (LTRs) are lacking. We sought to describe the clinical course of COVID‐19 recurrence and compare outcomes between the first and second episodes of COVID‐19 in LTRs.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective, single‐center cohort study of LTRs with COVID‐19 between January 1, 2022, and September 30, 2022, during the Omicron wave. We compared the clinical course of a second episode of COVID‐19 to that of the patients’ own first episode and to that of LTRs who developed a first episode during the study period.

Results

During the study period, we identified 24 LTRs with COVID‐19 recurrence and another 75 LTRs with a first episode of COVID‐19. LTRs who survived the initial episode of COVID‐19 had a similar disease course with recurrence, with a trend toward reduced hospitalization (10 (41.6%) vs. 4 (16.7%), p = .114). Furthermore, compared to LTRs with a primary infection during the Omicron wave, those with a reinfection had a non‐statistically significant trend toward reduced hospitalizations (aOR .391, 95% CI [.115–1.321], p = .131), shorter lengths‐of‐stay (median, 4 vs. 9 days, p = .181), and reduced intensive care unit admissions, intubations, and COVID‐19–related mortality.

Conclusions

LTRs who survive the first episode of COVID‐19 are likely to have a similar clinical course with recurrent episodes. Although recurrent COVID‐19 may be milder, larger, well‐powered studies are needed to confirm this observation. Ongoing precautions are warranted.
A phase I study comparing the pharmacokinetics and safety of HS628 (tocilizumab biosimilar) and reference tocilizumab in healthy male subjects
Authors: Qian Hongjie , Cheng Jie , Gui Yuzhou , Wang Wei , Liang Liyu , Zhu Huijuan , Wu Qingqing , Ou Meixian , Chen Qian , Yu Chen , Jia Jingying
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) similarity of the proposed biosimilar HS628 compared with the reference tocilizumab (Actemra®) and also to demonstrate similar safety and immunogenicity profiles in healthy Chinese male subjects. Eighty eligible subjects were randomized into two treatment groups in a 1:1 ratio to receive a single intravenous infusion of HS628 or tocilizumab at 4 mg/kg over 60 min. Blood samples were collected at the scheduled time points for PK and immunogenicity analysis. PK biosimilarity was determined using the standard bioequivalence criteria 80%–125%. A total of 77 subjects received the study drug and completed the study. The main PK parameters were similar for the test and reference groups. The ratio of geometric least‐squares means (GMR) and its 90% CIs for AUC0–t, AUC0–∞, and Cmax between the test group and reference group were 1.06 (1.00–1.12), 1.07 (1.00–1.14), and 1.04 (0.99–1.10), respectively, which were fully within the predefined bioequivalent range of 80%–125%. The incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was similar for HS628 and tocilizumab (p > 0.05). The most common TEAEs were decreased fibrinogen, decreased neutrophils, pharyngalgia, oral ulcer, decreased leukocytes, and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The results of the present study provide strong evidence to support the PK similarity and bioequivalence of HS628 and tocilizumab. The safety and immunogenicity profiles of HS628 were also shown to be similar to those of the reference tocilizumab.
Prevalence and associated factors of sexual dysfunction in premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hashim Rahab , Forde Rita , Ausili Davide , Forbes Angus
Published: July 2023

Background

Sexual dysfunction (SD) in women with diabetes is a multifaceted complication driven by hormonal, neuropathic and psychosocial factors. It has been reported that the prevalence of SD is higher in women with type 1 diabetes compared to both women with type 2 diabetes and women without diabetes. However, prevalence estimates of SD in women with type 1 diabetes are variable, due to the heterogeneity of the conducted studies and the various confounding factors that are associated with SD.

Aim

This review aimed to estimate the prevalence of SD in premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes compared to women without diabetes; consider current methods for measuring SD; and identify factors associated with SD in women with type 1 diabetes.

Method

A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Four electronic databases (Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO) were searched between 15 March and 29 April 2022, the search was updated on 4 February 2023 to identify studies that assessed SD in women with type 1 diabetes.

Findings

The search yielded in 1104 articles; of these, 180 were assessed for eligibility. A meta‐analysis of eight eligible studies revealed that the odds of experiencing SD is three times higher in women with type 1 diabetes compared to women without diabetes (OR = 3.8 95%CI 1.8–8.0, p < 0.001). The most commonly used measure of SD was the female sexual function index (FSFI); in three studies, this was combined with the female sexual distress scale (FSDS). Factors that have shown significant association with SD are depression, anxiety and duration of diabetes.

Conclusion

This review has shown that SD is a significant issue for women with type 1 diabetes. These findings should encourage diabetes professionals and policymakers to give more attention to female SD (FSD) by incorporating it into care pathways and clinical guidelines.
Untangling the influences of air quality and climate change on biodiversity in space and time
Authors: Phoenix Gareth K. , Khafsha Abdulssalam H.
Published: July 2023

The article by Hutsemékers and colleagues in this issue reveals the influences of air quality and climate change on biodiversity of epiphytic bryophytes. Biodiversity of this flora has tracked the improving air quality well since the 1980s, and air quality has improved enough so that the influence of current climate can now be seen in species distributions.
Integrated person‐ and people‐centred primary care for diabetes in low‐ and middle‐income countries: The nurses' perspective on patient needs
Authors: Leyns Christine Cecile , Stilma Memelink Doriene , Bullinga Laura , De Maeseneer Jan , Willems Sara , Campman Melssen Carlijn
Published: July 2023

Aims

The aim of this study was to identify what nurses working in primary care settings perceive as necessary to support the life needs of people with type 2 diabetes. Articulate these needs with the needs expressed by people with diabetes in a previous study. Finally, illustrate the potential of the used method.

Design

A highly structured qualitative group method for brainstorming and idea sharing was used to generate a participant‐owned concept map that can support and evaluate practice change.

Methods

Data were collected between April and May 2022 in two public primary healthcare centres in Sacaba, Bolivia, with 33 professional nurses, technical nurses, nurse trainees and one physician. The concept mapping process by Trochim was used to generate, share and structure ideas, maximizing equality of input.

Results

The nurses identified 73 unique needs that were structured in 11 conceptual clusters related to four different stakeholders or domains: organization of care and health policy, strengthening knowledge, skills and attitudes of healthcare providers, empower people living with diabetes and their family, and community‐level health promotion and diabetes education.

Conclusion

The needs and domains identified by nurses and people with type 2 diabetes are very similar and inform a multisectoral and transdisciplinary action plan to jointly monitor and evaluate progress towards people‐centred care for people with diabetes.

Impact

This study demonstrates nurses' important contribution to analysing and designing people‐centred care in their community. They identify and act upon social determinants of health related to schools, safety and legislation. Besides global relevance, results inform the municipal health plan and an ongoing research project on cardiometabolic health.

Patient or Public Contribution

Data from prior patient consultations were included in the study design, and study results inform the municipal health plan.
Improving oral hygiene for better cognitive health: Interrelationships of oral hygiene habits, oral health status, and cognitive function in older adults
Authors: Yang Yajie , Liang Lizhu , Cai Jinfen , You Jie , Liao Xiaoyan
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To explore the interrelationships between oral hygiene habits, oral health status and cognitive function in older adults.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Setting and Participants

A total of 371 participants (age 76.79 [7.99] years) were enrolled from June 2020 to November 2021 in an aged care facility.

Methods

Cognitive function was screened using the mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) with adjusted cut‐off points for age and education. Periodontal status (Biofilm‐Gingival Interface index based on periodontal probing depth and bleeding on probing), dental status (plaque, calculus, and caries), and tooth loss were assessed through full‐mouth examination. Oral hygiene habits were based on self‐ or informant‐reporting.

Results

Poor periodontal status was an associated factor for MCI (OR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.20–6.95), while multiple tooth loss (OR = 4.90, 95% CI = 1.06 ~ 22.59), brushing teeth less than once a day (OR = 2.88, 95% CI = 1.12 ~ 7.45) and delayed dental visits (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.05 ~ 5.68) were associated factors for cognitive impairment. An indirect effect of brushing teeth ≥2 daily on MMSE score through periodontal status was observed only in older adults without cognitive impairment (Bootstrap‐corrected B = 0.17, 95%CI = 0.03 ~ 0.36, SE = 0.08, β = 0.08).

Conclusions and Implications

Adequate toothbrushing might prevent cognitive decline indirectly by improving periodontal health only in older adults without cognitive impairment. Multiple tooth loss, infrequent toothbrushing, and delayed dental visits were associated factors for cognitive impairment. Nursing professionals and health care policymakers should advocate for the improvement of basic oral hygiene in older adults, and provide regular professional oral hygiene care for older adults with cognitive impairment.

Patient or Public Contribution

The information on oral health habits of this study was based on an interview with the participants or their caregivers during the study period.
“Bringing and Removing Self from the Table”: Therapists’ use and management of eating disorder lived experience in the treatment of clients with eating disorders
Authors: King Ashley A. , Russon Jody M.
Published: July 2023

Therapists report significant countertransference reactions when treating clients with eating disorders (EDs). Countertransference may be pronounced among therapists with eating disorder lived experience (EDLE). Minimal research examines how therapists with EDLE negotiate their experiences while treating ED clients. Informed by the person‐of‐the‐therapist philosophy, this study sought to understand how therapists use and manage their EDLE when working with ED clients. Using constructivist grounded theory methodology, semistructured interviews (Mtime = 89 min) were conducted with 22 therapists with EDLE. Results revealed that therapists engaged in two interconnected systems. The Central System helps therapists transform their lived experiences into clinical guidance. The Checks and Balances System allows therapists to find a balance between connecting with the client and allowing for differences in experiences to emerge. Lastly, three personal processes existing outside of these systems were found to impact therapists’ use of self. Findings provide novel ways that therapists can use their EDLE.
Adverse effects of gestational ω‐3 and ω‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acid imbalance on the programming of fetal brain development
Authors: Cinquina Valentina , Keimpema Erik , Pollak Daniela D. , Harkany Tibor
Published: July 2023

Obesity is a key medical challenge of our time. The increasing number of children born to overweight or obese women is alarming. During pregnancy, the circulation of the mother and her fetus interact to maintain the uninterrupted availability of essential nutrients for fetal organ development. In doing so, the mother's dietary preference determines the amount and composition of nutrients reaching the fetus. In particular, the availability of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), chiefly their ω‐3 and ω‐6 subclasses, can change when pregnant women choose a specific diet. Here, we provide a succinct overview of PUFA biochemistry, including exchange routes between ω‐3 and ω‐6 PUFAs, the phenotypes, and probable neurodevelopmental disease associations of offspring born to mothers consuming specific PUFAs, and their mechanistic study in experimental models to typify signaling pathways, transcriptional, and epigenetic mechanisms by which PUFAs can imprint long‐lasting modifications to brain structure and function. We emphasize that the ratio, rather than the amount of individual ω‐3 or ω‐6 PUFAs, might underpin physiologically correct cellular differentiation programs, be these for neurons or glia, during pregnancy. Thereupon, the PUFA‐driven programming of the brain is contextualized for childhood obesity, metabolic, and endocrine illnesses.
Understanding the Link between Post‐Acquisition Resource Reconfiguration and Technology Out‐Licensing
Authors: Klueter Thomas Maximilian , Moreira Solon , Ofoedu Clinton
Published: July 2023

We develop a novel framework to explain how the unique properties of out‐licensing enable R&D reconfiguration in the context of technology acquisitions. Out‐licensing is an attractive R&D strategy following acquisitions as it expands opportunities for resource reconfiguration to outside the organization by using external partners while at the same time allowing firms to continue to benefit from the technology, both financially and strategically. We also propose that the positive relationship between technology acquisitions and out‐licensing is weaker when firms cannot determine the full value potential of their R&D due to uncertainty or when they have high availability of short‐term financial slack resources. Using a sample of bio‐pharmaceutical firms, the result of a 2SLS fixed‐effect regression that accounts for the potential endogeneity of technology acquisitions provides support for our theoretical framework.
Business Groups and Export Performance: The Role of Coordination Failures and Institutional Configurations
Authors: Shapiro Daniel , Estrin Saul , Carney Michael , Liang Zhixiang (Steven)
Published: July 2023

We explore the nature of business groups (BGs) and their affiliates in emerging markets through the lens of the coordination failures associated with economic development. We propose that BGs develop distinct economic and political capabilities that provide affiliates with access to the complementary resources required for successful exporting. We further argue that these capabilities are context‐specific, based on the market and political institutions of the home country. We propose that the BG advantage in supporting affiliate exporting increases as market institutions strengthen but is reduced (strengthened) as political systems become more democratic (autocratic). We apply Tobit estimation methods to a large sample of firms from emerging and developing countries at different stages of institutional development and find consistent evidence in favour of our hypotheses. We develop a framework to analyse alternative BG internationalization paths in a comparative institutional context.
The development and cognitive testing of a patient‐reported experience measure for patients with chronic pain of temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Taimeh Dina , Ni Riordain Richeal , Fedele Stefano , Leeson Rachel
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The importance of the patients' clinical experience has been reinforced several times over the last decade by healthcare organisations and policy makers. Routine gathering of experience data can help in enhancing patient‐centred care and provide guidance to quality improvement schemes. Patient‐reported experience measures can help to that end. The aim of this study was to develop a patient‐reported experience measure to evaluate the experience of patients with temporomandibular disorders while receiving healthcare.

Methods

Input from several sources was utilised to develop the tool; previous literature, patients with temporomandibular disorders, and experts in the field. A qualitative study was conducted following the COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments guidance to generate the items of the questionnaire, which subsequently underwent cognitive testing.

Results

Seventeen patients took part in the qualitative study, in addition to six healthcare professionals. The preliminary questionnaire consisted of 28 questions with six response options.

Conclusions

This patient‐reported experience measure is a brief tool to evaluate the clinical experience of patients with temporomandibular disorders. Patients' involvement ensured face and content validity of the questionnaire, in addition to the relevance, comprehensibility and comprehensiveness of the items.
Clinical presentation and outcome of gastric impactions with or without concurrent intestinal lesions in horses
Authors: Talbot Sophie E. , Tallon Rose , Dunkel Bettina
Published: July 2023

Background

Gastric impactions (GI) have been identified as primary lesions (lone GI; LGI) or associated with other intestinal lesions (concurrent GI; CGI). Anecdotally, CGI resolve more rapidly with a better prognosis than LGI.

Objectives

To determine clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic findings, and short‐ and long‐term survival in horses with GI. We hypothesized that LGI carries a worse prognosis than CGI.

Animals.

Seventy‐one horses from 2 referral hospitals (2007‐2022).

Methods

Retrospective cohort study. Gastric impactions were defined as feed extending to the margo plicatus after ≥24 hours of fasting. Clinical, diagnostic and outcome findings were compared between LGI and CGI. Long‐term survival was determined by a questionnaire.

Results

Twenty‐seven horses had LGI, 44 had CGI. Large intestinal lesions (32/44) were more common than small intestinal lesions (12/44). Concurrent gastric impactions resolved more slowly than LGI (LGI median 2 days, range 0‐8; CGI median 4 days, range 1‐10; P = .003). Short‐ (LGI 63%, 17/27; CGI 59%, 26/44; P = .75) and long‐term survival (LGI 3.5 ± 1.9 years; CGI 2.3 ± 2.3 years; P = .42) were not significantly different. However, Lone gastric impactions were more likely to experience gastric rupture (LGI 29.6%, 8/27; CGI 11.4%, 5/44; P = .05). Lone gastric impactions were 8.7 times more likely to require dietary changes (LGI 72.7%, 8/11; CGI 25%, 4/16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53‐49.22; P = .01). Gastric impactions recurred in 21.7% (LGI, 6/20; CGI, 4/26; P = .23) of affected horses.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Lone gastric impactions and CGI present similarly with a comparable prognosis, but LGI are more likely to rupture. Long‐term dietary changes are often necessary for horses with LGI.
Thirty‐two cats with effusive or non‐effusive feline infectious peritonitis treated with a combination of remdesivir and GS‐441524
Authors: Green Jodie , Syme Harriet , Tayler Sarah
Published: July 2023

Background

GS‐441524 has been successfully used to treat feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in cats. However, the use of its prodrug, remdesivir, in combination with a PO GS‐441524 containing product for the treatment of FIP has not yet been described.

Objectives

Describe treatment protocols, response to treatment and outcomes in cats with FIP treated with a combination of PO GS‐441524 and injectable remdesivir.

Animals

Thirty‐two client‐owned cats diagnosed with effusive or non‐effusive FIP including those with ocular and neurological involvement.

Methods

Cats diagnosed with FIP at a single university hospital between August 2021 and July 2022 were included. Variables were recorded from time of diagnosis, and subsequent follow‐up information was obtained from the records of referring veterinarians. All surviving cats were observed for the entire 12‐week treatment period.

Results

Cats received treatment with different combinations of IV remdesivir, SC remdesivir, and PO GS‐441524 at a median (range) dosage of 15 (10‐20) mg/kg. Clinical response to treatment was observed in 28 of 32 cats (87.5%) in a median (range) of 2 (1‐5) days. Twenty‐six of 32 cats (81.3%) were alive and in clinical and biochemical remission at the end of the 12‐week treatment period. Six of 32 cats (18.8%) died or were euthanized during treatment with 4 of the 6 cats (66%) dying within 3 days of starting treatment.

Conclusions

We describe the effective use of injectable remdesivir and PO GS‐441524 for the treatment of FIP in cats. Success occurred using different treatment protocols and with different presentations of FIP including cats with ocular and neurological involvement.
Endothelial autophagy is not required for liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice with fatty liver
Authors: Hammoutene Adel , Tanguy Marion , Calmels Mélanie , Pravisani Riccardo , Albuquerque Miguel , Casteleyn Christophe , Slimani Lotfi , Sadoine Jeremy , Boulanger Chantal M. , Paradis Valérie , Gilgenkrantz Hélène , Rautou Pierre‐Emmanuel
Published: July 2023

Background & Aims

Patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have impaired liver regeneration. Liver endothelial cells play a key role in liver regeneration. In non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver endothelial cells display a defect in autophagy, contributing to NASH progression. We aimed to determine the role of endothelial autophagy in liver regeneration following liver resection in NAFLD.

Methods

First, we assessed autophagy in primary endothelial cells from wild type mice fed a high fat diet and subjected to partial hepatectomy. Then, we assessed liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice deficient (Atg5lox/lox;VE‐cadherin‐Cre+) or not (Atg5lox/lox) in endothelial autophagy and fed a high fat diet. The role of endothelial autophagy in liver regeneration was also assessed in ApoE−/− hypercholesterolemic mice and in mice with NASH induced by methionine‐ and choline‐deficient diet.

Results

First, autophagy (LC3II/protein) was strongly increased in liver endothelial cells following hepatectomy. Then, we observed at 40 and 48 h and at 7 days after partial hepatectomy, that Atg5lox/lox;VE‐cadherin‐Cre+ mice fed a high fat diet had similar liver weight, plasma AST, ALT and albumin concentration, and liver protein expression of proliferation (PCNA), cell‐cycle (Cyclin D1, BrdU incorporation, phospho‐Histone H3) and apoptosis markers (cleaved Caspase‐3) as Atg5lox/lox mice fed a high fat diet. Same results were obtained in ApoE−/− and methionine‐ and choline‐deficient diet fed mice, 40 h after hepatectomy.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate that the defect in endothelial autophagy occurring in NASH does not account for the impaired liver regeneration occurring in this setting.
Patient and family engagement in Danish intensive care units: A national survey
Authors: Oxenbøll Collet Marie , Albertsen Helle , Egerod Ingrid
Published: July 2023

Background

Patient and family engagement in the intensive care unit increases the quality of care and patient safety.

Aim

The aim of our study was to describe current practice and experiences of contemporary patient and family engagement in the intensive care unit at the individual level, the organizational level, and in the research process according to critical care nurses.

Design/Method

We conducted a national qualitative survey of intensive care units in Denmark from 5th May–5th June 2021. Questionnaires were piloted and sent to intensive care nurse specialists and research nurses at 41 intensive care units, allowing one respondent per unit. All respondents were provided with written information about the study by email, and by activating the survey link, they accepted participation.

Results

Thirty‐two nurses responded to the invitation, 24 completed and 8 partially completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 78%. At the individual level, 27 respondents stated that they involved patients and 25 said they involved family in daily treatment and care. At the organizational level, 28 intensive care units had an overall strategy or guideline for patient and family engagement, and 4 units had established a PFE panel. And, finally, 11 units engaged patients and families in the research process.

Conclusions

Our survey suggested that patient and family engagement was implemented to some degree at the individual level, organizational level, and in the research process, but only 4 units had established a PFE panel at the organizational level, which is key to engagement.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Patient engagement increases when patients are more awake, and family engagement increases when patients are unable to participate. Engagement increases when patient and family engagement panels are implemented.
Prescription pain medications for disorders of gut–brain interaction: Comparing usage patterns with clinical practice recommendations
Authors: LeBrett Wendi G. , Chang Lin
Published: July 2023

Treatment of gastrointestinal pain remains a significant challenge in the management of many disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI). Pharmacologic agents and various behavioral therapies are among the potential therapeutic options for pain‐predominant DGBI such as irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, functional heartburn, and centrally mediated abdominal pain syndrome. In the retrospective study published in this journal, Luo et al. examine the use of prescription pain medications from a global perspective among patients with DGBI using the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study. This review article provides an overview of usage patterns of various pharmacologic pain management agents (opioids, central neuromodulators, antispasmodics, and other peripherally acting agents) and non‐pharmacologic therapies in the context of clinical practice recommendations on the management of DGBI pain.
Effects of apparatus dead space on volumetric capnograms in neonates with healthy lungs: a simulation study
Authors: Campos Marcelo D. , Palazzi Lucio H. , Böhm Stephan H. , Tusman Gerardo
Published: July 2023

Background

Volumetric capnography in healthy ventilated neonates showed deformed waveforms, which are supposedly due to technological limitations of flow and carbon dioxide sensors.

Aims

This bench study analyzed the role of apparatus dead space on the shape of capnograms in simulated neonates with healthy lungs.

Methods

We simulated mechanical breaths in neonates of 2, 2.5, and 3 kg of body weight using a neonatal volumetric capnography simulator. The simulator was fed by a fixed amount of carbon dioxide of 6 mL/kg/min. Such simulator was ventilated in a volume control mode using fixed ventilatory settings with a tidal volume of 8 mL/kg and respiratory rates of 40, 35, and 30 breaths per minute for the 2, 2.5 and 3 kg neonates, respectively. We tested the above baseline ventilation with and without an additional apparatus dead space of 4 mL.

Results

Simulations showed that adding the apparatus dead space to baseline ventilation increased the amount of re‐inhaled carbon dioxide in all neonates: 0.16 ± 0.01 to 0.32 ± 0.03 mL (2 kg), 0.14 ± 0.02 to 0.39 ± 0.05 mL (2.5 kg), and 0.13 ± 0.01 to 0.36 ± 0.05 mL (3 kg); (p < .001). Apparatus dead space was computed as part of the airway dead space, and therefore, the ratio of airway dead space to tidal volume increased from 0.51 ± 0.04 to 0.68 ± 0.06, from 0.43 ± 0.04 to 0.62 ± 0.01 and from 0.38 ± 0.01 to 0.60 ± 0.02 in the 2, 2.5 and 3 kg simulated neonates, respectively (p < .001). Compared to baseline ventilation, adding apparatus dead space decreased the ratio of the volume of phase III to VT size from 31% to 11% (2 kg), from 40% to 16% (2.5 kg) and from 50% to 18% (3 kg); (p < .001).

Conclusions

The addition of a small apparatus dead space artificially deformed the volumetric capnograms in simulated neonates with healthy lungs.
Characterization of chromatin accessibility and gene expression reveal the key genes involved in cotton fiber elongation
Authors: Chen Guoquan , Liu Zhao , Li Shengdong , Liu Le , Lu Lili , Wang Zhi , Mendu Venugopal , Li Fuguang , Yang Zuoren
Published: July 2023

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important economic crop, and cotton fiber is one of the longest plant cells, which provides an ideal model for the study of cell elongation and secondary cell wall synthesis. Cotton fiber length is regulated by a variety of transcription factors (TF) and their target genes; however, the mechanism of fiber elongation mediated by transcriptional regulatory networks is still unclear to a large extent. Here, we used a comparative assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin with high‐throughput sequencing (ATAC‐seq) assay and RNA‐seq analysis to identify fiber elongation transcription factors and genes using the short‐fiber mutant ligon linless‐2 (Li2) and wild type (WT). A total of 499 differential target genes were identified and GO analysis shows that differential genes are mainly involved in plant secondary wall synthesis and microtubule‐binding processes. Analysis of the genomic regions preferentially accessible (Peak) has identified a number of overrepresented TF‐binding motifs, highlighting sets of TFs that are important for cotton fiber development. Using ATAC‐seq and RNA‐seq data, we have constructed a functional regulatory network of each TF regulatory target gene and also the network pattern of TF regulating differential target genes. Further, to obtain the genes related to fiber length, the differential target genes were combined with FLGWAS data to identify the genes highly related to fiber length. Our work provides new insights into cotton fiber elongation.
Stock market reactions to firm visits by presidents of the United States: George H. W. Bush through Donald J. Trump
Authors: Green Colby D. , Schuler Douglas A. , Zavyalova Anastasiya , Swartz Richard J. , Nault Kristen , Kazi Asiya K.
Published: July 2023

We examine stock market reactions to public company visits and the public comments made therein by five presidents (George H. W. Bush through Donald J. Trump) over three decades (from 1989 to 2019). We find striking evidence that investors value these visits during periods of unified government or when the president announces favorable policy. However, a president's praise during the visit and his popularity at the time of the visit do not appear to have an impact on investors’ reactions. Our findings suggest that investors value affiliation with the president only when they perceive opportunities to obtain substantive policy benefits.
Dose–response associations of Monitor‐Independent Movement Summary with health‐related fitness in youth
Authors: Burns Ryan Donald , Byun Wonwoo , Bai Yang , de Castro Silveira João Francisco , Reuter Cézane Priscila
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the dose–response associations between Monitor‐Independent Movement Summary (MIMS) units and health‐related fitness in youth. The sample comprised US children and adolescents who participated in the 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey (NNYFS; N = 1158, 48.9% female). Health‐related fitness domains were assessed using tests of cardiorespiratory endurance (timed maximal and graded treadmill tests), muscular strength (modified pull‐up and grip tests), and muscular endurance (plank test). Movement data were collected using wrist‐worn ActiGraph accelerometers with raw data processed using MIMS and the calculated metrics of average MIMS/day, Peak 60‐min MIMS, and Peak 30‐min MIMS. Weighted regression models examined linear associations between MIMS metrics and fitness test scores. Nonlinear associations were examined using weighted spline models with knots placed at the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles. Models were adjusted for covariates and fit was examined using the coefficient of determination (R2). The strongest adjusted linear relationships included a positive association between MIMS/day (per every 1000 units) and maximal endurance times (b = 5.5 s, p < 0.001) and between Peak 60‐min MIMS (per every 10 units) and estimated aerobic capacity (b = 1.7 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001), modified pull‐ups (b = 0.7 reps, p < 0.001), and plank test scores (b = 5.0 s, p < 0.001). Linear spline models had slightly higher R2 values (R2 range = 16.9%–74.8%) compared to linear models (R2 range = 15.0%–74.5%). The relationship between MIMS metrics and fitness test scores was best modeled as piecewise linear functions. Although all MIMS metrics associated with cardiorespiratory endurance, Peak 60‐min MIMS showed stronger associations with tests of muscular strength and endurance.