bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasma Cell Myeloma dengan Temuan Histopatologi pada Tulang Humerus
Authors: Yona Fajriza
Published: December 2022

Pendahuluan: Plasma cell myeloma  merupakan keganasan tulang primer yang paling sering dijumpai dengan keluhan utama nyeri tulang belakang, dan jarang dengan gejala awal nyeri pada humerus. Diagnosis didasarkan pada temuan klinis, radiologis dan histopatologis.  Laporan Kasus: Kami melaporkan kasus seorang laki-laki berusia 60 tahun datang dengan keluhan nyeri pada lengan atas kanan dan gangguan berkemih. Sebelumya pasien memiliki riwayat nyeri tulang belakang dengan dugaan fraktur kompresi torakal 12 akibat metastase. Hasil reseksi prostat transuretra (TURP) menunjukkan hiperplasia prostat. X-ray humerus memberikan hasil simple bone cyst dan CT scan dada menunjukkan  chondroma.Pemeriksaan laboratorium tampak anemia ringan, normokalsemia, serta kreatinin normal. Bone survei tampak beberapa punched out lytic lession pada tengkorak, mandibula, klavikula dan panggul. Biopsi humerus dilakukan, hasil histopatologi adalah Plasma cell myeloma, well differentiated. Imunohistokimia CD138 memberikan hasil positif difus. Kesimpulan: Dalam kasus klinis non-spesifik, diagnosis yang akurat diperoleh dari patologi. Dalam hal ini, hasil histopatologi adalah sel plasma neoplastik yang difus, dibuktikan dengan penanda CD138 positif difus dan diagnosis didukung oleh anemia dan lesi litik tulang yang multipel.
Perbandingan Tingkat Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Preklinik Angkatan 2017, 2018, dan 2019 Terhadap Penyakit Tuberkulosis
Authors: Auwelia Jane Giovanni , Tjhay Francisca , Usman Hadiyanto , Juliawati Veronica Dwi Jani
Published: December 2022

Latar belakang: Tuberkulosis (TB) termasuk dalam salah satu penyebab kematian tertinggi didunia akibat agen infeksius dan Indonesia menduduki peringkat ke-dua dalam insidensi kasus TB terbanyak. Berdasarkan survei dari P2MPL penyebab tingginya angka kasus TB di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pengetahuan. Oleh karena itu mahasiswa kedokteran yang kelak akan menjadi seorang dokter diharapkan mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan yang baik terutama dalam perlindungan diri mereka sendiri selama merawat pasien. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa preklinik yaitu angkatan 2017, 2018, dan 2019 akan penyakit TB. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan studi deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang pada 123 responden yang terdiri dari mahasiswa preklinik FKIKUAJ angkatan 2017, 2018, dan 2019. Para responden mengisi kuesioner yang terdiri dari data demografik dan 14 pertanyaan mengenai pengetahuan TB. Data yang telah didapat akan dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan ditiap angkatan. Hasil: Angkatan 2017 dengan tingkat pengetahuan rendah ada 11,1%, cukup 40%, dan tinggi 48,9%. Angkatan 2018 yang berpengetahuan rendah 10,3%, cukup 35,9%, dan tinggi 53,8%. Angkatan 2019 yang berpengetahuan rendah ada 61,5%, cukup 33,3%, dan tinggi 5,1%. Analisis menunjukkan angkatan 2018 memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang tinggi, angkatan 2017 berpengetahuan cukup, dan angkatan 2019 berpengetahuan kurang dengan hasil chi-square (P<0,000) menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa ditiap angkatan terkait TB. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa yang sudah melewati blok Respirasi dengan yang belum
Prevalence and Onset of Hepatotoxicity Caused by Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs on Pulmonary TB Patients in Wangaya General Hospital Denpasar – Bali in 2016
Authors: Yustin Wayan Evie Frida , Kusumawardani Ida Ayu Jasminarti Dwi , Candrawati Ni Wayan , Rai Ida Bagus Ngurah
Published: December 2022

Introduction: As tuberculosis (TB) endemic country, TB becomes a community health problem in Indonesia. Data from the Global TB Report in 2016 showed that Indonesia is the second most country with TB burden after India. WHO and the Ministry of Health issue a TB prevention program based on the End TB Strategy aimed to reduce morbidity, mortality, and disability due to TB. One of the challenges faced in the management of TB is the side effects of the anti-tuberculosis drug. Hepatotoxicity is the most common side effect. Aims: This study aims to determine the prevalence and onset of anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity in TB patients after receiving the anti-TB drug in Wangaya Hospital Denpasar Bali. Method: This study used a cross-sectional method by obtaining secondary data of pulmonary TB patients visiting the pulmonary clinic in Wangaya General Hospital from January to December 2016. Result: Of 77 subjects, fifty-six percent of them were men. The highest prevalence was found in the 41-50 years age group (26.9%), while the lowest was found in the 81-90 years age group (1.2%). Anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity occurred in 6.5% of subjects. The most frequent onset of hepatotoxicity occurred within the second week of medication. Anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity occurred in 6.5% of subjects. The most frequent onset of hepatotoxicity occurred within the second week of medication. Conclusion: Based on this study, we suggest a liver function test before and after two weeks of an anti-TB drug.
On-farm performance of genetically-improved rohu (Labeo rohita) in Bangladesh
Authors: Hamilton Matthew G. , Yeasin Mohammed , Alam Md. Badrul , Ali Md. Rayhan , Fakhruddin Md. , Islam Md. Mazharul , Barman Benoy K. , Shikuku Kelvin Mashisia , Shelley Colin C. , Rossignoli Cristiano M. , Benzie John A. H.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton) is a globally significant aquaculture species for which genetically improved strains are increasingly available. In 2020, a multiplier population, comprised of highly–ranked generation-three (G3) families from the WorldFish Rohu Genetic Improvement Program, was released to hatcheries in Bangladesh for development into broodstock.

Methods

To estimate realised genetic gain for harvest weight in the G3-multiplier population, one pond from each of 19 Bangladeshi semi-commercial farms (ten in Jashore and nine in Natore–Rajshahi districts) were stocked with equal numbers of tagged fish from each of three strains. Strains included in the study were the ‘G3-multiplier’ released to hatcheries, a ‘control’ (putatively genetically equivalent to the unimproved base population which was spawned from fish of river origin) and fish sourced from a ‘commercial’ hatchery. Once stocked, fish were managed according to each farmer’s normal practices.

Results

The G3-multiplier was found to be the most rapidly growing strain. Back-transformed means for harvest weight across farms for the commercial, control and G3-multiplier strains were 594 g, 659 g and 914 g, respectively, in Jashore, and 545 g, 626 g and 845 g in Natore–Rajshahi.

Discussion

These results equate to realised genetic gains of 38.6% (Jashore) and 34.9% (Natore–Rajshahi) for the G3-multiplier over the control strain and provide evidence that a family-based (i.e. pedigree-based) approach to genetic improvement is able to generate substantial levels of genetic gain in rohu. Furthermore, the clear growth advantages exhibited by the G3-multiplier strain over the control and commercial strains in this study, should encourage more Bangladeshi hatcheries, nurseries and farmers to adopt genetically improved rohu.
Enhancement of carbamazepine removal rate using Tetradesmus obliquus KNUA061 and NaOCl and utilization of the resulting biomass
Authors: Do Jeong-Mi , Yeo Hee-Tae , Do Geum-Sook , Hong Ji Won , Yoon Ho-Sung
Published: December 2022

Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are discharged into receiving water bodies mainly from sewage treatment plants. Due to the inefficient removal in conventional wastewater treatment facilities, PPCPs have become a major concern to aquatic ecosystems, water quality, and public health worldwide since they cause harmful effects on aquatic life and human even at low doses. Among the PPCPs, carbamazepine (CBZ) is one of the most commonly prescribed anticonvulsant drugs and consumed more than 1,000 tons per year. Due to its structural complexity, CBZ is known as recalcitrant compound highly stable during wastewater treatment. Consequently, it has become one of the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in waste water, surface water, and even drinking water. In this study, Korean indigenous microalgae strains were tested as eco-friendly and cost-effective solutions for CBZ removal. Based on the preliminary biological CBZ degradation tests, Tetradesmus obliquus KNUA061 demonstrating the best CBZ removal rate was selected for further experiments. In order to increase strain KNUA061's CBZ removal efficiency, NaOCl, which is widely accepted in the water purification process, was used as an additional stimulus to induce stress conditions. At around 20 μg L−1 CBZ, addition of 1.0 mg NaOCl resulted in approximately 20% of removal rate increase without suppressing cells growth. Roughly 90% of CBZ remained its original form and the composition of the transformed secondary metabolites was less than 10% during the biodegradation process by the microalga. Based on the results of the antioxidant enzyme activities, degree of lipid oxidation, and amino acid contents, it was concluded that the redox-defence system in microalgal cells may have been activated by the NaOCl treatment. Biomass analysis results showed that higher heating value (HHV) of strain KNUA061 biomass was higher than those of lignocellulosic energy crops suggesting that it could be utilized as a possible renewable energy source. Even though its biodiesel properties were slightly below the international standards due to the high PUFA contents, the biodiesel produced from T. obliquus KNUA061 could be used as a blending resource for transportation fuels. It was also determined that the microalgal biomass has acceptable feasibility as a sustainable dietary supplement feedstock due to its high essential amino acid contents.
Low-activity hotspot investigation method via scanning using deep learning
Authors: Bae Junwoo , Min Sujung , Seo Bumkyoung , Roh Changhyun , Hong Sangbum
Published: December 2022

Small areas of elevated activity are a concern during a final status scan survey of residual radioactivity of decommissioned and contaminated sites. Due to the characteristics of scanning, the lower limit of detection is relatively high because the number of counts is low due to the short measurement time. To overcome this, an algorithm capable of finding hotspots with little information through deep learning was developed. The developed model using an artificial neural network was trained with the scan survey data acquired from a Monte Carlo-based computational simulation. A random mixing method was used to obtain sufficient training data. In order to respond properly to the experimental data, training and verification were conducted in various situations, in this case, in the presence or absence of random background counts and collimators and various source concentrations. Experimental data were obtained using a conventional detector, in this case, the 3″ × 3″ NaI(Tl). The advantages and limitations to the proposed method are as follows. Results were well predicted even in cases at less than 1 Bq/g, which is lower than the scanned minimum detectable concentration (MDC) of the detection system. It is a great advantage that it can detect contaminated areas that are lower than the existing scan’s minimum detectable concentration. However, the limitation is that it cannot be predicted, and the accuracy is low in multi-sourced scans. The source position and size are also important in residual radioactive evaluations, and scanning data images were evaluated in artificial neural network modes with suitable prediction results. The proposed methodology proved the high accuracy of hotspot prediction for low-activity sites and showed that this technology can be used as an efficient and economical hotspot scanning technology and can be extended to an automated system.
Will Greenland be the last refuge for the continental European small-white orchid?Niche modeling of future distribution of Pseudorchis albida
Authors: Kolanowska Marta , Nowak Sławomir , Rewicz Agnieszka
Published: December 2022

Climate change affects populations of plants, animals, and fungi not only by direct modifications of their climatic niches but also by altering their ecological interactions. In this study, the future distribution of suitable habitats for the small-white orchid (Pseudorchis albida) was predicted using ecological niche modeling. In addition, the effect of global warming on the spatial distribution and availability of the pollen vectors of this species was evaluated. Due to the inconsistency in the taxonomic concepts of Pseudorchis albida, the differences in the climatic preferences of three proposed subspecies were investigated. Due to the overlap of both morphological and ecological characters of ssp. albida and ssp. tricuspis, they are considered to be synonyms, and the final analyses were carried out using ssp. albida s.l. and ssp. straminea. All of the models predict that with global warming, the number of suitable niches for these orchids will increase. This significant increase in preferred habitats is expected to occur in Greenland, but habitat loss in continental Europe will be severe. Within continental Europe, Pseudorchis albida ssp. albida will lose 44%–98% of its suitable niches and P. albida ssp. straminea will lose 46%–91% of its currently available habitats. An opposite effect of global warming was predicted for pollinators of P. albida s.l., and almost all insects studied will be subject to habitat loss. Still, within the predicted potential geographical ranges of the orchid studied, some pollen vectors are expected to occur, and these can support the long-term survival of the small-white orchid.
Expression of risk genes linked to vitamin D receptor super-enhancer regions and their association with phenotype severity in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Orton Sarah M. , Sangha Amarpreet , Gupta Mehul , Martens Kristina , Metz Luanne M. , de Koning A. P. J. , Pfeffer Gerald
Published: December 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic debilitating neurological condition with a wide range of phenotype variability. A complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors contributes to disease onset and progression in MS patients. Vitamin D deficiency is a known susceptibility factor for MS, however the underlying mechanism of vitamin D-gene interactions in MS etiology is still poorly understood. Vitamin D receptor super-enhancers (VSEs) are enriched in MS risk variants and may modulate these environment-gene interactions. mRNA expression in total of 64 patients with contrasting MS severity was quantified in select genes. First, RNA-seq was performed on a discovery cohort (10 mild, 10 severe MS phenotype) and ten genes regulated by VSEs that have been linked to MS risk were analyzed. Four candidates showed a significant positive association (GRINA, PLEC, PARP10, and LRG1) in the discovery cohort and were then quantified using digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) in a validation cohort (33 mild, 11 severe MS phenotype). A significant differential expression persisted in the validation cohort for three of the VSE-MS genes: GRINA (p = 0.0138), LRG1 (p = 0.0157), and PLEC (p = 0.0391). In summary, genes regulated by VSE regions that contain known MS risk variants were shown to have differential expression based on disease severity (p<0.05). The findings implicate a role for vitamin D super-enhancers in modulating disease activity. In addition, expression levels may have some utility as prognostic biomarkers in the future.
Robust tactile object recognition in open-set scenarios using Gaussian prototype learning
Authors: Zheng Wendong , Liu Huaping , Guo Di , Sun Fuchun
Published: December 2022

Tactile object recognition is crucial for effective grasping and manipulation. Recently, it has started to attract increasing attention in robotic applications. While there are many works on tactile object recognition and they also achieved promising performances in some applications, most of them are usually limited to closed world scenarios, where the object instances to be recognition in deployment are known and the same as that of during training. Since robots usually operate in realistic open-set scenarios, they inevitably encounter unknown objects. If automation systems falsely recognize unknown objects as one of the known classes based on the pre-trained model, it can lead to potentially catastrophic consequences. It motivates us to break the closed world assumption and to study tactile object recognition in realistic open-set conditions. Although several open-set recognition methods have been proposed, they focused on visual tasks and may not be suitable for tactile recognition. It is mainly due to that these methods do not take into account the special characteristic of tactile data in their models. To this end, we develop a novel Gaussian Prototype Learning method for robust tactile object recognition. Particularly, the proposed method converts feature distributions to probabilistic representations, and exploit uncertainty for tactile recognition in open-set scenarios. Experiments on the two tactile recognition benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on open-set tasks.
Systematic review and network meta-analysis of effects of noninvasive brain stimulation on post-stroke cognitive impairment
Authors: Wang Yueying , Xu Ning , Wang Runfang , Zai Weiyi
Published: December 2022

Objective:

To systematically assess the effects of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) on post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and to compare the efficacy of two different NIBS.

Methods

Computer searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Chinese Biomedical literature Service System (SinoMed), and Wanfang Database were conducted using a combination of free words and subject terms. The search was conducted from the database creation date to 27 November 2022. The risk of bias in the included literature was assessed using the Cochrane Risk Assessment Scale. The quality of the included literature was assessed using the physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale. A standard meta-analysis of study data for each outcome indicator was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Network meta-analysis was performed using State 14.0 according to the Bayesian framework.

Results

A total of 18 studies involving 809 patients were included. Meta-analysis shows NIBS significantly improved montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scores (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49–1.02, P < 0.05), mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI 0.25–1.20, P < 0.05), and modified barthel index (MBI) and functional independence measurement (FIM) scores (SMD = 0.33, 95% CI 0.11–0.54, P < 0.05) in patients with PSCI. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) of different NIBS in improving MoCA scores were in the order of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) (SUCRA = 92.4%) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) (SUCRA = 57.6%). The SUCRA of different NIBS in improving MMSE scores were in the order of tDCS (SUCRA = 81.6%) and TMS (SUCRA = 67.3%). The SUCRA of different NIBS in improving MBI and FIM scores were in the order of tDCS (SUCRA = 78.6%) and TMS (SUCRA = 65.3%).

Conclusion

The available evidence suggests that NIBS improves cognitive impairment. tDCS appeared more effective than TMS for cognitive function and activities of daily living in PSCI patients. Limited by the number of included studies, more large-sample, multicentre, double-blind, high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to further confirm this study's results.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42022372354.
Discovery of entomopathogenic fungi across geographical regions in southern China on pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus and implication for multi-pathogen vectoring potential of this beetle
Authors: Wu Shengxin , Wu Jia , Wang Yun , Qu Yifei , He Yao , Wang Jingyan , Cheng Jianhui , Zhang Liqin , Cheng Chihang
Published: December 2022

Entomopathogen-based biocontrol is crucial for blocking the transmission of vector-borne diseases; however, few cross-latitudinal investigations of entomopathogens have been reported for vectors transmitting woody plant diseases in forest ecosystems. The pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus is an important wood borer and a major vector transmitting pine wilt disease, facilitating invasion of the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (PWN) in China. Due to the limited geographical breadth of sampling regions, species diversity of fungal associates (especially entomopathogenic fungi) on M. alternatus adults and their potential ecological functions have been markedly underestimated. In this study, through traditional fungal isolation with morphological and molecular identification, 640 fungal strains (affiliated with 15 genera and 39 species) were isolated from 81 beetle cadavers covered by mycelia or those symptomatically alive across five regional populations of this pest in southern China. Multivariate analyses revealed significant differences in the fungal community composition among geographical populations of M. alternatus, presenting regionalized characteristics, whereas no significant differences were found in fungal composition between beetle genders or among body positions. Four region-representative fungi, namely, Lecanicillium attenuatum (Zhejiang), Aspergillus austwickii (Sichuan), Scopulariopsis alboflavescens (Fujian), and A. ruber (Guangxi), as well as the three fungal species Beauveria bassiana, Penicillium citrinum, and Trichoderma dorotheae, showed significantly stronger entomopathogenic activities than other fungi. Additionally, insect-parasitic entomopathogenic fungi (A. austwickii, B. bassiana, L. attenuatum, and S. alboflavescens) exhibited less to no obvious phytopathogenic activities on the host pine Pinus massoniana, whereas P. citrinum, Purpureocillium lilacinum, and certain species of Fusarium spp.—isolated from M. alternatus body surfaces—exhibited remarkably higher phytopathogenicity. Our results provide a broader view of the entomopathogenic fungal community on the vector beetle M. alternatus, some of which are reported for the first time on Monochamus spp. in China. Moreover, this beetle might be more highly-risk in pine forests than previously considered, as a potential multi-pathogen vector of both PWN and phytopathogenic fungi.
Effect of foliar application of nano-nutrients solution on growth and biochemical attributes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under drought stress
Authors: Mubashir Areesha , Nisa Zaib-un- , Shah Anis Ali , Kiran Munazza , Hussain Iqtidar , Ali Naila , Zhang Lixin , Madnay Mahmoud M. Y. , Alsiary Waleed A. , Korany Shereen Magdy , Ashraf Muhammad , Al-Mur Bandar A. , AbdElgawad Hamada
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Drought stress has drastically hampered the growth and yield of many crops. Therefore, environmentally safe agricultural techniques are needed to mitigate drought stress impact. To this end, foliar spray of nano-nutrients solution to (NNS) alleviate harmful aspects of drought stress.

Methods

In a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment, seedlings were transplanted into pots at 2-3 leaf stage, each filled with loam-compost- organic manure soil (3:1:1). Plants were divided into two groups. (a) control group (b) applied stress group. Plants at vegetative stage were treated with 100% FC for control group and 60% FC for drought group, and these levels were maintained until harvesting. Three treatments of NNS with four levels i.e., 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% were given to all the pots after two weeks of drought stress treatment with a gap of 5 days at vegetative stage.

Results and discussion

Application of 1% of nano-nutrient solution displayed an improvement in shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight, number of leaves and flowers. Leaf chlorophylls and carotenoids and total phenolics contents were found maximum while minimum electrolyte leakage was observed at 3% application compared to control. Further, 1% application of NNS increased the Leaf RWC%, total soluble sugars, flavonoids contents. 5% NNS application exhibited higher total free amino acids with minimum lipid peroxidation rate in leaves of tomato under drought. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in a concentration dependent manner as gradual increase was observed at 1%, 3% and 5%, respectively. Overall, this study introduced a new insights on using nano-nutrient solutions to maintain natural resources and ensure agricultural sustainability
Relationship between behavioral inhibition/activation system and Internet addiction among Chinese college students: The mediating effects of intolerance of uncertainty and self-control and gender differences
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Lin Yan , Liu Jia , Zhang Guangyu , Hou Xiaowen , Pan Zequan , Dai Bibing
Published: December 2022

Background

Internet addiction is a global public health issue among college students that is associated with a range of negative outcomes. Especially the COVID-19 pandemic has forced them to shift most of their studies and life activities from offline to online, leading to a growing problem of Internet dependence and even Internet addiction. Although previous studies have indicated that the Behavioral Inhibition/Activation System (BIS/BAS) have important effects on college students' Internet addiction, the mechanisms underlying these associations and gender differences are still unclear.

Aims

The present study investigated the mediating roles of intolerance of uncertainty and self-control in the association between BIS/BAS and Internet addiction following the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution model. Gender differences in such associations between variables were also tested.

Method

A total of 747 Chinese college students were surveyed by using Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction, BIS/BAS Scales, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale and the Brief Self-Control Scale.

Results

The results from the structural equation modeling analysis showed that BIS was positively related to Internet addiction and that BAS had a negative association with Internet addiction. Moreover, intolerance of uncertainty and self-control mediated the relationships between BIS/BAS and Internet addiction. Multi-group analysis further revealed that the associations between BAS and Internet addiction and between intolerance of uncertainty and Internet addiction were stronger among the male students than among female students. The relationship between self-control and Internet addiction was greater in the female sample than in the male sample.

Conclusions

These findings extend our understanding of how BIS/BAS influence Internet addiction among college students and suggest that not only should training approaches based on intolerance of uncertainty and self-control be fully considered, but different intervention programs should be focused on gender sensitivity to maximize the intervention effect.
SumMER: Structural Summarization for RDF/S KGs
Authors: Trouli Georgia , Pappas Alexandros , Troullinou Georgia , Koumakis Lefteris , Papadakis Nikos , Kondylakis Haridimos
Published: December 2022

Knowledge graphs are becoming more and more prevalent on the web, ranging from small taxonomies, to large knowledge bases containing a vast amount of information. To construct such knowledge graphs either automatically or manually, tools are necessary for their quick exploration and understanding. Semantic summaries have been proposed as a key technology enabling the quick understanding and exploration of large knowledge graphs. Among the methods proposed for generating summaries, structural methods exploit primarily the structure of the graph in order to generate the result summaries. Approaches in the area focus on identifying the most important nodes and usually employ a single centrality measure, capturing a specific perspective on the notion of a node’s importance. Moving from one centrality measure to many however, has the potential to generate a more objective view on nodes’ importance, leading to better summaries. In this paper, we present SumMER, the first structural summarization technique exploiting machine learning techniques for RDF/S KGs. SumMER explores eight centrality measures and then exploits machine learning techniques for optimally selecting the most important nodes. Then those nodes are linked formulating a subgraph out of the original graph. We experimentally show that combining centrality measures with machine learning effectively increases the quality of the generated summaries.
Deployment Modes and Aerodynamic Analysis of UAV Orthogonal Biaxial Folding Wing
Authors: Wang Gang , Xu Guosheng , Wang Yukun , Yao Yimeng , Wang Kun , Hu Xi , Sun Heyao , Liu Jingwang
Published: December 2022

Considering the deployment characteristics of the folding wing, this paper proposed three deployment modes, synchronous deployment, fixed-axis–non-fixed-axis stepwise deployment, and non-fixed-axis–fixed-axis stepwise deployment, to obtain the optimal deployment scheme of the orthogonal biaxial folding wing of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) at different airspeeds. On this basis, combined with the folding wing deployment action, the Lagrange method was used to establish the aerodynamic model of the folding wing, and the Fluent simulation software was used to simulate the aerodynamic simulation of multiple deployment modes of the orthogonal biaxial folding wing, which analyze the influence of the UAV deployment mode and airspeed towards the driving torque of the folding wing. Based on the driving moment of the folding wing, the optimal deployment mode at different airspeeds was obtained. The comparison of simulation results shows that when the airspeed is less than 40 m/s, the optimal deployment mode is synchronous deployment. When the airspeed is greater than or equal to 40 m/s, the optimal deployment mode is non-fixed-axis–fixed-axis stepwise deployment. The accuracy of the folding wing aerodynamics model can be proven according to the comparison of the simulation results with the theoretical results.
Effects of Artificial Light Spectra and Sucrose on the Leaf Pigments, Growth, and Rooting of Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) Microshoots
Authors: Dewir Yaser Hassan , Al-Ali Ali Mohsen , Rihan Hail Z. , Alshahrani Thobayet , Alwahibi Mona S. , Almutairi Khalid F. , Naidoo Yougasphree , Fuller Michael P.
Published: December 2022

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are potential light sources for in vitro plant cultures. Here, axillary blackberry shoots were grown in MS medium with indole-3-butyric acid (1 mg L−1), naphthalene acetic acid (0.5 mg L−1), and sucrose supplementation (0–60 g L−1) and the cultures were incubated under four light treatments: three LED light treatments (blue + red light (2:1 spectral ratio), blue + red light (1:2), and cool + warm white light (1:1)) and a standard florescent tube white spectrum treatment. Sucrose was indispensable for rooting of blackberry microshoots. Sucrose concentrations up to 45 g L−1 increased total root length and root surface area under all light treatments. However, at this sucrose concentration, leaf area and vegetative growth were negatively affected. Plantlets grown in media containing 15–30 g L−1 of sucrose exhibited the highest leaf pigments, shoot length, and number of leaves. LED treatments increased leaf pigments as compared with florescent treatment. Plantlets grown under blue + red light (2:1) had the highest stoma aperture length and width, whereas cool + warm white light resulted in the lowest values. Among the LED treatments, blue + red light (2:1) resulted in the highest leaf area, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and vegetative growth, whereas fluorescent resulted in the lowest values. A combination of blue and red light at a 2:1 spectral ratio with 30 g L−1 of sucrose is recommended for the optimal in vitro rooting and vegetative growth of blackberry microshoots.
Physiological and Agronomic Mechanisms Involved in ‘Source–Sink’ Relationship in the High-Yield Population of Weak-Gluten Wheat
Authors: Wei Jingyu , Yu Qi , Ding Jinfeng , Li Chunyan , Zhu Xinkai , Guo Wenshan , Zhu Min
Published: December 2022

In order to provide a theoretical basis and technical approach for the construction and regulation of medium- and high-yield population cultivation practice of wheat after rice, agronomic and physiological characteristics in medium-high yielding populations were investigated by setting different basic seedlings and cutting leaves and ears with isotope tracing method in week-gluten wheat (Ningmai 29). The results showed that the medium-high yield (yield above 7500 kg/km2) group could be achieved at medium densities (150 × 104/hm2 and 225 × 104/hm2), whose populations own suitable number of spikes, higher grain number per spike and thousand-grain weight (the larger and stronger ‘sink’). Meanwhile, these two medium-high yielding populations had higher leaf area index and suitable light-transmission rate after anthesis; thus, the leaf net photosynthetic rate after anthesis was higher, and the capacity of carbon assimilates was stronger. From the 15N test, it can be seen that the relationship between individuals in the medium-high yielding population (medium-density) is more harmonious, and the plant had higher nitrogen utilization efficiency. More nitrogen is concentrated in the spike at maturity. The results of the 13C pot trials showed that the top-three functional leaves had a higher capacity for source-production, which was also the main source of post-flowering assimilates. Increasing their area to improve the ‘source–sink’ ratio would help coordinate the ‘source–sink’ relationship in the group with a stronger ‘sink’. The main technical approach is to increase the area and duration of the upper-three functional leaves after anthesis on the basis of a larger sink, thus ensuring a higher source–sink ratio and a harmonious ‘source–sink’ relationship after flowering.
Sediment-Based Growing Media Provides a Window Opportunity for Environmentally Friendly Production of Ornamental Shrubs
Authors: Nin Stefania , Bonetti Daniele , Antonetti Maurizio , Peruzzi Eleonora , Manzi Davide , Macci Cristina
Published: December 2022

Sediments remediated with a nature-based solution approach (NBS-sediments) can represent a suitable and affordable alternative to peat as a constituent of growing media for ornamental plant production based on the combination of advanced production efficiency and rational green use of resources, including peat and water. In a greenhouse experiment, the effect of different growing media containing NBS-remediated sediments on two-year-old container grown cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus cv. ‘Novìta’) under standard and induced restrictive irrigation was evaluated. Six ternary mixes with different proportion (45:30:25 and 30:20:50 v/v) of peat:pumice:sediment (PE:TS25, PE:TS50), coconut fiber:pumice:sediment (CF:TS25, CF:TS50) and wood fiber:pumice:sediment (WF:TS25, WF:TS50) were tested in comparison to the standard peat:pumice blend (60:40 v/v), commonly used for pot ornamental crops ad used as control (PE, control). Pots were drip irrigated with 200 and 250 cc daily water volume (DWV). Cherry laurels grown in the control showed the lowest sign of stress, maintaining the highest net CO2 assimilation and transpiration rates, however stomatal conductance was reduced compared to PE:TS mixes. On the other hand, photosynthetic performance was strongly depressed by WF:TS25 and WF:TS50 under reduced DWV compared to the control, due to the combined effect of physical properties of the used matrices and reduced water availability. Nevertheless, final biomass production of plants grown on sediment-based growing media was similar to that of control, indicating that photosynthetic performance of plants fully recovered during the cultivation period. Differences in final plant development were negligible when compared to quality standards of marketing categories. Thus, appropriately blended NBS-sediment-based growing media can be used on a larger scale to produce rustic outdoor ornamentals.
Short-term Response of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Precision Fertilization on Barley
Authors: Fabbri Carolina , Dalla Marta Anna , Napoli Marco , Orlandini Simone , Verdi Leonardo
Published: December 2022

Precision fertilization is a promising mitigation strategy to reduce environmental impacts of N-fertilization, but the effective benefits of variable-rate fertilization have not yet been fully demonstrated. We evaluated the short-term response (23 days) of GHGs emissions following variable-rate fertilization on barley. Yields, biomass (grains + straw) and different N-use indicators (N uptake, grain protein concentration, recovery efficiency, physiological efficiency, partial factor productivity of applied nutrient, agronomic efficiency and N surplus) were compared. Four N fertilization treatments were performed: (i) conventional– 150 kg ha−1; (ii) variable with granular fertilizer; (iii) variable with foliar liquid supplement; (iv) no fertilization. According to proximal sensing analysis (Greenseeker Handheld) and crop needs, both variable-rate treatments accounted for 35 kg N ha−1. Cumulative GHGs emissions were not significantly different, leading to the conclusion that the sensor-based N application might not be a GHGs mitigation strategy in current experimental conditions. Results showed that both site-specific fertilizations ensured the maintenance of high yields with a significant N rate reduction (approximately by 75%) and a N use improvement. Variable-rate N fertilization, due to similar yields (~6 tons ha−1) than conventional fertilization and higher protein content in foliar treatment (14%), confirms its effectiveness to manage N during the later phases of growing season.
Natural and Man-Made Cyclic Peptide-Based Antibiotics
Authors: Lai Shian , Zhang Quan , Jin Lin
Published: December 2022

In recent years, an increasing number of drug-resistant bacterial strains have been identified due to the abuse of antibiotics, which seriously threatens human and animal health. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have become one of the most effective weapons to solve this problem. AMPs have little tendency to induce drug resistance and have outstanding antimicrobial effects. The study of AMPs, especially cyclic peptides, has become a hot topic. Among them, macrocyclic AMPs have received extensive attention. This mini-review discusses the structures and functions of the dominant cyclic natural and synthetic AMPs and provides a little outlook on the future direction of cyclic AMPs.
Design and Experiments of Autonomous Path Tracking Based on Dead Reckoning
Authors: Cao Songxiao , Jin Ye , Trautmann Toralf , Liu Kang
Published: December 2022

Path tracking is an important component of autonomous driving and most current path tracking research is based on different positioning sensors, such as GPS, cameras, and LIDAR. However, in certain extreme cases (e.g., in tunnels or indoor parking lots), if these sensors are unavailable, achieving accurate path tracking remains a problem that is worthy of study. This paper addresses this problem by designing a dead reckoning method that is solely reliant on wheel speed for localization. Specifically, a differential drive model is first used for estimating the current relative vehicle position in real time by rear wheel speed, and the deviation between the current path and the reference path is then calculated using the pure pursuit algorithm as a means of obtaining the target steering wheel angle and vehicle speed. The steering wheel and vehicle speed signals are then output by two PID controllers in order to control the vehicle, and the automatic driving path tracking is ultimately realized. Through exhaustive tests and experiments, the stop position error and tracking process error are compared under different conditions, and the effects of vehicle speed, look-ahead distance, starting position angle, and driving mode on tracking accuracy are analyzed. The experimental results show the average error of the end position to be 0.26 m, 0.383 m, and 0.505 m when using BMW-i3 to drive one lap automatically at speeds of 5 km/h, 10 km/h, and 15 km/h in a test area with a perimeter of approximately 200 m.
Repair of Gear by Laser Cladding Ni60 Alloy Powder: Process, Microstructure and Mechanical Performance
Authors: Guan Chuang , Yu Tianbiao , Zhao Yu , Chen Liaoyuan , Chen Ying
Published: December 2022

As the main mechanical transmission parts, the gears are usually exposed to wear, corrosion, and fatigue; their failure in a poor working environment may cause a huge economic loss and waste of resources. Laser cladding (LC) has been proven to quickly repair parts at good metallurgical bonding performance and has flexible scanning strategies and a wide material selection. Therefore, LC technology can be considered an ideal approach to repairing damaged gear. However, the repair of damaged teeth by LC has not been systematically reported. In this paper, a series of progressive works have been carried out to systematically investigate the repair process of broken gears by LC. Firstly, process parameters, overlapping ratio, and Z-increment for Ni60 powder on 20CrMnTi were optimized. Secondly, the effects of deposition strategies on morphologies of single-layer and multi-layer multi-tracks were carefully analyzed. Then, the gear repair was successfully realized based on obtained optimized parameters. Finally, the phase composition, microstructure, hardness, and wear properties of the repaired gear tooth were analyzed by XRD, SEM, microhardness tester, and friction and wear tester. The results show that the remanufactured tooth can recover its appearance before breakage. The repaired zone is mainly composed of γ-Ni, Cr7C3, Cr23C6, and CrB phases. The micro-hardness and wear volume loss of the repaired zone is 60.63 ± 1.23HRC and 1674.983 μm2, which are consistent with those of the other teeth. This study is expected to expand the application of LC technology and provide guidance to engineers in the repair of damaged parts.
A Novel Density Peaks Clustering Algorithm with Isolation Kernel and K-Induction
Authors: Zhang Shichen , Li Kai
Published: December 2022

Density peaks clustering (DPC) algorithm can process data of any shape and is simple and intuitive. However, the distance between any two high-dimensional points tends to be consistent, which makes it difficult to distinguish the density peaks and easily produces “bad label” delivery. To surmount the above-mentioned defects, this paper put forward a novel density peaks clustering algorithm with isolation kernel and K-induction (IKDC). The IKDC uses an optimized isolation kernel instead of the traditional distance. The optimized isolation kernel solves the problem of converging the distance between the high-dimensional samples by increasing the similarity of two samples in a sparse domain and decreasing the similarity of two samples in a dense domain. In addition, the IKDC introduces three-way clustering, uses core domains to represent dense regions of clusters, and uses boundary domains to represent sparse regions of clusters, where points in the boundary domains may belong to one or more clusters. At the same time as determining the core domains, the improved KNN and average similarity are proposed to assign as many as possible to the core domains. The K-induction is proposed to assign the leftover points to the boundary domain of the optimal cluster. To confirm the practicability and validity of IKDC, we test on 10 synthetic and 8 real datasets. The comparison with other algorithms showed that the IKDC was superior to other algorithms in multiple clustering indicators.
The PIV Measurements of Time-Averaged Parameters of the Synthetic Jet for Different Orifice Shapes
Authors: Smyk Emil , Gil Paweł , Dančová Petra , Jopek Miroslav
Published: December 2022

In the present study, the flow fields generated by a synthetic jet (SJ) were investigated with particle image velocimetry (PIV). The SJ time-averaged parameters, such as velocity, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and vorticity, were compared by using the Reynolds number (Re=5000) and dimensionless stroke length (L0=2;10). Three different orifice shapes with the same equivalent diameter were used: circle, square, and slot. The flow fields of the investigated parameters were presented and discussed at a distance from the orifice x/d≤10, and the difference in radial and axial profiles were compared. The impact of the orifice shape and dimensionless stroke length on the investigated parameters was discussed.
Conscious Mobility for Urban Spaces: Case Studies Review and Indicator Framework Design
Authors: Vargas-Maldonado Roberto C. , Lozoya-Reyes Jorge G. , Ramírez-Moreno Mauricio A. , Lozoya-Santos Jorge de J. , Ramírez-Mendoza Ricardo A. , Pérez-Henríquez Blas L. , Velasquez-Mendez Augusto , Jimenez Vargas Jose Fernando , Narezo-Balzaretti Jorge
Published: December 2022

A lack of data collection on conscious mobility behaviors has been identified in current sustainable and smart mobility planning, development and implementation strategies. This leads to technocentric solutions that do not place people and their behavior at the center of new mobility solutions in urban centers around the globe. This paper introduces the concept of conscious mobility to link techno-economic analyses with user awareness on the impact of their travel decisions on other people, local urban infrastructure and the environment through systematic big data collection. A preliminary conscious mobility indicator framework is presented to leverage behavioral considerations to enhance urban-community mobility systems. Key factors for conscious mobility analysis have been derived from five case studies. The sample offers regional diversity (i.e., local, regional and the global urban contexts), as well as different goals in the transformation of conventional urban transport systems, from improving public transport efficiency and equipment electrification to mitigate pollution and climate risks, to focusing on equity, access and people safety. The case studies selected provide useful metrics on the adoption of cleaner, smarter, safer and more autonomous mobility technologies, along with novel people-centric program designs to build an initial set of conscious mobility indicators frameworks. The parameters were applied to the city of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon in Mexico focusing on the needs of the communities that work, study and live around the local urban campus of the Tecnologico de Monterrey’s Distrito Tec. This case study, served as an example of how conscious mobility indicators could be applied and customized to a community and region of interest. This paper introduces the first application of the conscious mobility framework for urban communities’ mobility system analysis. This more holistic assessment approach includes dimensions such as society and culture, infrastructure and urban spaces, technology, government, normativity, economy and politics, and the environment. The expectation is that the conscious mobility framework of analysis will become a useful tool for smarter and sustainable urban and mobility problem solving and decision making to enhance the quality of life all living in urban communities.