bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alcohol consumption after downhill running does not affect muscle recovery but prolongs pain perception in East Asian men
Authors: Hayashi Koichiro , Tanaka Hirofumi
Published: January 2025

[Purpose] Alcoholic beverages are commonly consumed following athletic competitions and strenuous exercise for celebration or relaxation purposes. Whether and how alcohol consumption influences muscle recovery and perceived pain following unaccustomed eccentric exercise is unclear. We aimed to determine the effects of alcohol consumption after downhill running on muscular strength and perceived pain in East Asian men.[Methods] Twenty-four young men performed 45 min of downhill (-10%) running at a corresponding speed of 70% VO2 max. Immediately after downhill running and again 24 h later, the participants consumed either an alcoholic beverage (1 g ethanol/kg body weight, alcohol group, n=12) or the same quantity of water (control group, n=12).[Results] Peak isometric and concentric muscle contraction torques during knee extension (via the isokinetic dynamometer) and squat jump height decreased 24 h after downhill running (all p<0.05); however, there were no significant differences between the two groups. The visual analog scores for pain (pain scores) in the quadriceps, hamstring, gastrocnemius, and gluteus maximus muscles increased at 24 h and 48 h in both groups (all p<0.05). Pain scores in the quadriceps decreased gradually from 24 h to 48 h in the control group, but no such trend was observed in the alcohol group (group × time interaction effect; F=4.47, p<0.05).[Conclusion] Acute alcohol consumption does not seem to affect muscle strength or jump performance during recovery. However, the effects on pain appear to persist longer after alcohol consumption in East Asian men.
Impact of physical fitness and lifelong education on mild cognitive impairment in older adults
Authors: Kang Suh-Jung , Lee Junga
Published: January 2025

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to explore the relationships among physical fitness, formal education levels, social educational experiences, and mild cognitive impairment in older adults.[Methods] Using the Korean version of the mini-mental state examination, senior fitness tests, and questionnaires on social educational experiences and physical activity, the study assessed data on 148 Korean participants 65 years and above. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationships among the factors.[Results] The average age of the participants was 79.54 ± 0.55 years. Educational level showed a significant negative relationship with cognitive function scores, explaining 17.7% of the variance (R² = 0.177, p < 0.001). Current social educational experiences were significantly associated with a lower prevalence of mild cognitive impairment. Those without current social educational experiences were 1.946 times more likely to have MCI (p < 0.05) than those with such experiences. Physical fitness components, such as right upper body strength (OR = 1.171, 95% CI: 1.001-1.370), agility (OR = 1.246, 95% CI: 0.961-1.616), and cardiorespiratory fitness (OR = 0.975, 95% CI: 0.950-0.999), were also significantly associated with cognitive function. Additionally, older adult men had a higher likelihood of MCI than older adult women did (OR = 0.276, 95% CI: 0.097-0.782).[Conclusion] The findings highlight the importance of education, ongoing social educational experiences, and physical fitness in maintaining cognitive health in older adults. Thus, promoting lifelong education and physical fitness programs may help reduce the risk of mild cognitive impairment in older adults.
T-Shaped MIMO Antenna Design with Defected Ground Structure and Parasitic Elements for 5G Application
Authors: Sherila Ayu Mika , Umaisaroh Umaisaroh , Alaydrus Mudrik
Published: January 2025

5G technology is designed to improve efficiency, network capacity, data rate, and coverage with low power consumption. This requires the design of suitable antennas for 5G wireless communications to achieve optimal bandwidth, radiation, efficiency, and performance. MIMO antenna designs use multiple antennas and face the main challenge of reducing mutual coupling between adjacent antenna elements. In this study, the MIMO antenna is designed using T-shaped DGS Technique and parasitic elements. The DGS technique is developed by creating a specific area on the ground plane of the antenna to improve its performance. By incorporating DGS concepts and parasitic elements into the design, the aim is to achieve large bandwidth and high gain. This antenna has dimensions of 52 mm x 12 mm and is simulated using Ansys HFSS software. Measurement results for the antenna using Rogers Duroid RT5880 substrate show a mutual coupling value of -54.2 dB, return loss of -11.1 dB, gain of 13.11 dB, and a sufficiently wide bandwidth. Thus, the proposed antenna can operate at a frequency of 28 GHz, meeting the requirements for 5G applications.
Numerical Analysis of Inlet-Outlet Leg Barriers in Vertical Borehole Heat Exchangers: A Strategy to Mitigate the Thermal Resistance
Authors: Abuel-Naga Hossam , Nishat Asfia
Published: January 2025

The efficiency of heat transfer through borehole heat exchangers is influenced by the thermal resistances of both the borehole and the surrounding soil. Optimizing these resistances can improve the heat transfer performance and reduce system costs. Soil thermal resistance is geographically specific and challenging to reduce, according to previous research. In contrast, borehole resistance can be minimized through practical approaches, such as increasing the thermal conductivity of the grout or adjusting the shank spacing in the U-tube configuration. Previous literature also suggests coaxial pipes as a more efficient design than single U-tube borehole heat exchanger. A novel approach involves inserting a physical barrier between the U-tube’s inlet and outlet legs to reduce the thermal short-circuiting and/or to improve the temperature distribution from the inlet leg in a U-tube borehole. A limited literature exists on the barrier technique and their contribution to reduce thermal resistance. The effects of two different barrier geometries of flat plate and U-shape of different materials, with various grout and soil thermal conductivities as well as shank spacing configurations have been considered in this study. Using FlexPDE software, the study numerically assesses thermal resistances through the borehole. The study focusses on the sole contribution of barrier in mitigating thermal resistance of U-tube borehole heat exchanger. The study suggests that the barrier technique is an effective solution for optimizing heat transfer through U-tube borehole heat exchangers, especially with reduced shank spacing and lower thermal conductivity soil. It can reduce the length of a U-tube borehole by up to 8.1 m/kW of heat transfer, offering a viable alternative to increasing shank spacing in the U-tube borehole or enhancing thermal conductivity of the grout. Moreover, under specific conditions of soil and grout with low to medium thermal conductivity, U-tube borehole heat exchanger with a barrier between the legs demonstrates a reduction of up to 43.4 m per kW heat transfer (22.7%) in overall length compared to coaxial pipes.
Utilization of Antagonistic Interaction Between Micronutrients and Cadmium (CD) to Alleviate CD Toxicity and Accumulation in Crops
Authors: Muhammad Shahzad , Bibi Ayesha , Khan Ameer , Shahzad Ali , Xu Zhengyuan , Maruza Tagarika Munyaradzi , Zhang Guoping
Published: January 2025

The presence of cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soils poses a serious risk to crop growth and food safety. Cd uptake and transport in plants occur through various transporters of nutrient ions which have the similar physical and chemical properties to Cd, indicating genetic manipulation of these transporters and agronomic improvement of the Cd-antagonistic nutrients could be a good approach for reducing Cd uptake and accumulation in crops. In this review, we discussed the interaction of Cd and some micronutrients, including zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn), focusing on their influence on the expression of genes encoding Cd related transporters, including ZIP7, NRAMP3 and NRAMP4. Genetic improvement in enhancing the specificity and efficiency of transporters, and agronomic improvement in optimizing micronutrient nutrition can inhibit Cd uptake and transporters by these transporters. This comprehensive review provides a deep insight into genetic and agronomic improvement for fighting against Cd contamination and enhancing sustainable agricultural production.
Synergistic Neuroprotective and Immunomodulatory Effects of Cocoa Seed Husk and Guarana Extract: A Nutraceutical Approach for Parkinson's Disease Management
Authors: Azzolin Vitória Farina , Azzolin Verônica Farina , Ribeiro Euler Esteves , Sasso Juliane Santiago , Reis Douglas , Cardoso de Afonso Bonotto Nathália , Turra Bárbara Osmarin , Montano Marco Aurélio Echart , Maia-Ribeiro Ednea A , Praia Raquel de Souza , Cattani Maria Fernanda Mânica , Maranghelo Cristina , Maia Railla da Silva , dos Santos Erickson Oliveira , Gonzalez Pedro Luis Sosa , Costa Cleidiane Cunha , Nascimento Vanusa , Barbisan Fernanda , Da Cruz Ivana Beatrice Mânica
Published: January 2025

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder linked to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. This study evaluates the neurofunctional and immunomodulatory effects of an aqueous extract combining cocoa seed husk and guarana powder (GuaCa). Eighteen extracts were characterized for flavonoid and polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, and genoprotective potential. The EQF3 extract, rich in catechins, quercetin, and epigallocatechin gallate, was selected for further analysis in three models: Eisenia fetida earthworms, SH-SY5Y neuron cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from PD patients. Results: The extracts showed antioxidant, genoprotective activity, and flavonoid content. No significant toxicity was observed in E. fetida. In SH-SY5Y cells, GuaCa increased cell viability and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and reduced mitochondrial damage by lowering extracellular NDUSF7 (subunit of the NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex) levels. In PD-PBMCs cultures, GuaCa reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 levels, indicating immunomodulatory effects. Conclusion: GuaCa shows promise as a nutraceutical for managing neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in PD. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and potential for neuroprotective dietary strategies.
Exploring Fatigue in Parkinson’s Disease: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Pitton Rissardo Jamir , Khalil Ibrahim , Dway Ali , Fadl Elhassan Wael Atif , Elbadawi Mohamed H. , Sayad Reem , Fornari Caprara Ana Leticia
Published: January 2025

One of the most common and usually very incapacitating non-motor manifestations in PD, fatigue is both a symptom experienced by up to two-thirds of all patients and significantly troubling in relation to quality of life. This review will give a thorough overview of complex pathophysiology, prevalence, course, specific clinical presentation, methods of assessment, and current strategies in the management of fatigue in PD. Finally relating to dysfunction in dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic pathways, neuroinflammation, genetic predispositions, and neuroendocrine and metabolic dysregulation, the underlying mechanisms of fatigue in PD relate to the latter disorders. Generally, prevalence rates of fatigue in PD have been reported to be within the bracket of 36-60%, underlining the need for standardization of assessment tools and a universal definition. Fatigue in PD appear “feeling of abnormal and overwhelming tiredness and lack of energy that is distinct both qualitatively and quantitatively from normal tiredness, clinically many times pre-dating the manifestation of motor symptoms by years. The differentiation of fatigue from sleepiness, apathy, and depression is very important for PD symptoms and treatment. The present available assessment tools include mainly patient-reported questionnaires the Fatigue Severity Scale and Parkinson's Disease Fatigue Scale. The management include both pharmacological and non-pharmacological managements. Well, though drugs like methylphenidate and rasagiline hold promise, an equally important role is played by physical exercise, cognitive behavioral therapy, and the management of sleep disorders. Further research is needed to clarify the complex pathophysiology of fatigue in PD, with a view toward the identification of objective biomarkers, and the development of targeted and effective treatment strategies for relief of this common and burdensome symptom.
Advanced Targeting Strategies and Applications of Liposomal Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Sengar Ashutosh
Published: January 2025

The main reasons have been able to introduce a new epoch in dealing with the critical challenges of modern therapeutics due to the advent of the liposomal drug delivery system. This review discusses fundamentals, innovations, and clinical applications that range from targeted drug delivery to high efficiency. Due to its unrivalled biocompatibility, the highly lipophilic nature of the phospholipid bilayer shows unmatched utility for encapsulating therapeutic agents ranging from chemotherapeuticals and antibiotics to herbal compounds, maximising bioavailability and systemic toxicity.Such innovations found in liposomal systems include surface functionalization, PEGylation, and the integration of nanotechnology, thus allowing for active targeting and personalized therapies. It compares well with other delivery systems such as nanoparticles and proniosomes, underlining the diversity of liposomes, where it surpasses the challenges that come with conventional carriers. Clinical applications range from oncology to respiratory health to herbal formulation and include all kinds of varieties, which means that liposomes are versatile for a number of different types of therapeutic challenges. More novel dosage forms: chewable and effervescent liposomal formulations widen their utility and allow the patient to comply better.With unsolved problems on all these sides of scale, stability and regulatory issues, more progress in advancing liposomal systems into medicines still depends on how much more that precision medicine continues to make more strides toward perfect targeted delivery. It is then that it continues and specifies further trends towards future applications that are described based on the idea of emerging areas meeting unmet clinical needs which therefore opens up new possibilities for the coming of patient-centered solutions. Indeed, liposomal drug delivery systems are at the forefront of modern medicine and hold very promising platforms toward achieving enhanced therapeutic efficacy and patient outcomes.
Faith and Business: On the Causes of Hebei’s Businessmen Money Ticket Patterns in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China
Authors: Yi Zhenxin , Z‍hou Qihang , Tu Zhigang , Li Xufang
Published: January 2025

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the Jishang (China Hebei Businessman) money stamps played an important role in economic activities, and at the same time carried deep cultural connotations and symbols of faith. The design incorporates traditional elements, contains expressions of psychosocial needs and religious beliefs, and reflects the unique understanding of power, well-being and cultural values at that time. In this paper, we use the method of iconography to place the Jishang money stamps in a specific historical and cultural context, and explore the compositional factors and cultural roots of their design from the three levels of form, content and symbolism. It is found that while carrying decorative functions, the design of money stamps also maps the profound influence of social concepts and belief systems on commercial culture. It is hoped that this study will provide new perspectives for exploring the artistic value and cultural significance of money stamp motifs.
Advanced Plant Phenotyping Technologies for Enhanced Detection and Mode of Action Analysis of Herbicide Damage Management
Authors: Niu Zhongzhong , Li Xuan , Zhao Tianzhang , Chen Zhiyuan , Jin Jian
Published: January 2025

Weed control is fundamental to modern agriculture, underpinning crop productivity, food security, and the economic sustainability of farming operations. Herbicides have long been the cornerstone of effective weed management, significantly enhancing agricultural yields over recent decades. However, the field now faces critical challenges, including stagnation in the discovery of new herbicide modes of action (MOAs) and the escalating prevalence of herbicide-resistant weed populations. High research and development costs, coupled with stringent regulatory hurdles, have impeded the introduction of novel herbicides, while the widespread reliance on glyphosate-based systems has accelerated resistance development. In response to these issues, advanced image-based plant phenotyping technologies have emerged as pivotal tools in addressing herbicide-related challenges in weed science. Utilizing sensor technologies such as hyperspectral, multispectral, RGB, fluorescence, and thermal imaging, plant phenotyping enables precise monitoring of herbicide drift, analysis of resistance mechanisms, and development of new herbicides with innovative MOAs. The integration of machine learning algorithms with imaging data further enhances the ability to detect subtle phenotypic changes, predict herbicide resistance, and facilitate timely interventions. This review comprehensively examines the application of image phenotyping technologies in weed science, detailing various sensor types and deployment platforms, exploring modeling methods, and highlighting unique findings and innovative applications. Additionally, it addresses current limitations and proposes future research directions, emphasizing the significant contributions of phenotyping advancements to sustainable and effective weed management strategies. By leveraging these sophisticated technologies, the agricultural sector can overcome existing herbicide challenges, ensuring continued productivity and resilience in the face of evolving weed pressures.
Learning the N-input Parity Function with a Single Qubit and Single Measurement Sampling
Authors: Tsili Antonia , Maragkopoulos Georgios , Mandilara Aikaterini , Syvridis Dimitris
Published: January 2025

The parity problem, a generalization of the XOR problem to higher-dimensional inputs, is a challenging benchmark for evaluating learning algorithms, due to its increased complexity as the number of dimensions of the feature space grows. In this work, a single-qubit classifier is developed, which can efficiently learn the parity function from input data. Despite the qubit model’s simplicity, the solution landscape created in the context of the parity problem offers an attractive test bed for exploring optimization methods for quantum classifiers. We propose a new optimization method called Ensemble Stochastic Gradient Descent (ESGD), with which density matrices describing batches of quantum states are incorporated into the loss function. We demonstrate that ESGD outperforms both Gradient Descent and Stochastic Gradient Descent given the aforementioned problem. Additionally, we show that applying ESGD with only one measurement per data input does not lead to any performance degradation. Our findings not only highlight the potential of a single qubit model, but also offer valuable insights into the use of density matrices for optimization. Further to this, we complement the outcome with interesting results arising by the employment of a doubly stochastic gradient descent for training quantum variational circuits.
Light Exposure, Physical Activity and Indigeneity Modulate Seasonal Variation in NR1D1 (REV-ERBα) Expression
Authors: Gubin Denis , Kolomeichuk Sergey , Danilenko Konstantin , Stefani Oliver , Markov Alexander , Petrov Ivan , Voronin Kirill , Mezhakova Marina S. , Borisenkov Mikhail , Shigabaeva Aislu , Boldyreva Julia , Petrova Julianna , Weinert Dietmar , Cornelissen Germaine
Published: January 2025

Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (NR1D1 or REV-ERBα) is a crucial element of the circadian clock's transcriptional and translational feedback loop. Understanding its expression in humans is critical for elucidating its role in circadian rhythms and metabolic processes, and finding potential links to various pathologies. In a longitudinal survey we examined REV-ERBα expression at 08:00 using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in blood mononuclear cells from Arctic native and non-native residents during equinoxes and solstices. REV-ERBα expression exhibited pronounced seasonality, peaking at the summer solstice and reaching a nadir at the winter solstice in both natives and non-natives with relatively higher summer peak in natives. After adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index, amount and timing of light exposure, amount of physical activity and indigeneity emerged as significant predictors of REV-ERBα expression.
Sustainable Construction Practices: Challenges of Implementation in Building Infrastructure Projects in Malawi
Authors: Malik Abubakari , Mbewe Peter BK , Kavishe Neema , Mkandawire Theresa
Published: January 2025

The implementation of sustainable construction practices (SCPs) has been identified as a significant approach to promoting and enhancing the sustainability performance of infrastructure projects globally. However, the adoption and implementation of SCPs in low-income countries like Malawi is still in its early stages and has faced several challenges. Therefore, this study aims to provide an empirical analysis of the challenges hindering the implementation of SCPs in building infrastructure projects in Malawi. The study employed a systematic review and a quantitative method with a questionnaire survey among 193 construction professionals within the Malawian construction industry. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics, One-Sample t-test and exploratory factor analysis. The results revealed that higher costs of sustainable building processes, lack of information on sustainable building products, and higher costs of sustainable building materials are the most critical challenges to the implementation of SCPs in Malawi. The factor analysis further revealed that institutional limitation was the most critical component, followed by inadequate technical experience, and the least critical component was financial. This study provides practical insights for policy reforms, robust regulatory frameworks, and well-equipped institutions with the necessary expertise to promote the widespread adoption and successful implementation of SCPs in the construction industry.
Overcoming Data Consistency Challenges in Cloud Database Migrations
Authors: Olaoye Godwin , John oluwasemilore
Published: January 2025

The migration of databases to the cloud presents numerous challenges, with data consistency being one of the most critical issues. Ensuring that data remains accurate, reliable, and up-to-date during the migration process is essential for maintaining business operations and user satisfaction. This paper explores the primary data consistency challenges encountered during cloud database migrations, including issues related to data synchronization, network latency, and concurrent data changes. It discusses strategies for overcoming these challenges, such as implementing real-time data replication, employing version control mechanisms, and leveraging eventual consistency models where appropriate. Furthermore, the paper highlights the role of automated tools, error detection, and correction techniques in minimizing data inconsistencies. The research also emphasizes the importance of comprehensive testing before, during, and after the migration to ensure data integrity. By understanding and addressing these issues, organizations can successfully transition to cloud-based databases while minimizing the risk of data loss or inconsistency.
In Patients with JAK2 Unmutated CMN, Are CalR and MPL Gene Mutations Predictive of Diagnosis or Clinical Course?
Authors: Tiryaki Tarık Onur , Dağlar-Aday Aynur , Nalçacı Meliha , Yavuz Akif Selim
Published: January 2025

Philadelphia (Ph) negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are disorders caused by abnormal proliferation of myeloid cells in the peripheral blood. Mutations that are responsible for the majority of these cases are those affecting Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), Calreticulin (CalR), and myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene (MPL). In this study, we aimed to assess the frequency of CalR and MPL gene mutations and the clinical effects of these mutations in JAK2 gene unmutated MPN patients who were followed up. Despite the lack of statistical significance in 46 patients, it was notable that CalR mutations were more common in patients with esansiyel thrombocytosis (ET), while MPL mutations were only found in patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF). We found no correlation between thrombosis, leukemic transformation, and driver mutations. The triple negative group had a lower survival rate, but this difference was not statistically significant.
Novel Cell Models to Study Myelin and Microglia Interactions
Authors: Santacreu-Vilaseca Marta , Moreno-Magallon Judith , Juanes-Casado Alba , Gil-Sánchez Anna , González-Mingot Cristina , Torres Pascual , Brieva Luis
Published: January 2025

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by demyelination and neuroinflammation, where oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in lesion pathology. This study aimed to investigate the differential cellular responses to myelin debris under varying oxidative states. Myelin oxidation was induced using a Cu-peroxide system, confirmed by elevated TBARS levels and autofluorescence. BV-2 microglia viability remained unaffected by myelin exposure. However, oxidized myelin significantly altered oxidative stress markers, autophagy, and iron metabolism, as evidenced by changes in Sod2, Tfr1, p62, and P-Erk/Erk ratios. Mor-phological analyses revealed time- and dose-dependent differences in myelin processing, with oxidized myelin leading to distinct phagosomal dynamics. Complementary studies using induced microglia-like cells (iMG) –a primary cell culture - confirmed the feasibility of employing oxidized microglia to study microglia activity. The use of iMGs provides a model closer to patient physiology, offering the potential to evaluate individual cellular responses to oxidative damage. This approach could be instrumental in identifying per-sonalized therapeutic strategies by assessing patient-specific microglial behavior in re-sponse to myelin debris. These findings highlight the impact of myelin oxidative status on microglial function, advancing the understanding of oxidative stress in MS and paving the way for personalized medicine applications in neuroinflammation.
Autonomous Decentralized Cooperative Control DC Microgrids Realized by Directly Connecting Batteries to The Baseline
Authors: Yamada Hirohito
Published: January 2025

Recent years have seen increasing attention on autonomous decentralized microgrids that are disaster-resistant and suitable for local consumption of locally generated renewable energy power. Although various methods have been discussed for achieving microgrids through autonomous decentralized cooperative control, there are few reports that have reached the stage of field testing. In this study, we propose a novel configuration method for DC microgrids, where storage batteries are distributed and directly connected to the DC baseline. We have built a testbed to demonstrate the operation of the DC microgrid through autonomous decentralized cooperative control. Our method simply employs the droop characteristics inherent in batteries, and we introduce the new concept of a "weakly-coupled grid." This approach allows the realization of microgrids with autonomous decentralized cooperative control without the need for advanced and complex grid control technologies such as that with AI, and with a simple configuration. Additionally, by directly connecting batteries to the baseline, we introduced a grid stabilization method by imparting electrical inertia to the baseline. This paper describes the construction method, the operation principle, and the safe and stable operational methods for autonomous decentralized microgrids using this approach, aiming to serve as a guide for those who wish to build autonomous decentralized controlled microgrids in practice.
Development of Soft Skills with the Purpose of Enhancing Employability of Engineering Students
Authors: Gerasimova Irina Gennadyevna , Oblova Irina Sergeevna
Published: January 2025

The engineering students’ readiness for professional activity is not limited by their academic qualifications, technical skills and further use of theoretical knowledge in practice but it's equally important for students to be able to defend opinions, substantiate their position and have career adaptability and employability resources in the course of their career. This mixed-method study utilizes the social cognitive theory and a metacognitive approach to enhance employability. The employability of students relies on various internal determinants within individuals. The paper describes the personal, and social skills of the students, their needs in English, and provides suggestions on simultaneous scaling up employability and English proficiency within English classes. The study methodology includes the English for specific purposes course instructional design (ESP) and measurement methods evaluating its effectiveness. Sample means, standard deviations, medians, first and third quartiles were calculated for the studied variables. The Mann–Whitney Z-test and the Wilcoxon Z-criterion for correlated samples were administered to a sample of 200 second-year engineering students learning ESP. The findings of the research indicated that engineering students enrolled in the optional ESP course succeeded in enhancing their soft skills along with the progress in English, compared to the students who had only traditional lessons.
The Return to the Einstein Spherical Universe Model
Authors: Wu Baoliin (Zaitian)
Published: January 2025

What is the biggest cosmic problem in cosmology? What is the biggest crisis in physics? Based on cosmological coincidences, we discovered and deciphered a Yin-Yang Universe Model that has been circulating for thousands of years, providing visual image evidence for the Einstein Spherical Universe Model that has been silent for a hundred years, and providing simple and elegant explanations for some key scientific problems that have long troubled cosmologists and physicists, such as the asymmetry of matter and antimatter, the cosmic puzzle of cosmic megastructures, making dark matter and dark energy visible, and deciphering the mystery of the Cosmological constant Λ. This discovery makes us believe in the return to the Einstein Spherical Universe Model is the correct option.
On the Potential Role of Phytate Against Neurodegeneration: It Protects Against Fe3+-Catalyzed Degradation of Dopamine and Ascorbate, and Against Fe3+-Induced Protein Aggregation
Authors: Godoy Samantha Rebeca , Sanchis Pilar , Frau Juan , Vilanova Bartolomé , Adrover Miquel
Published: January 2025

Myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate (IP6), commonly found in plant-derived foods, has important pharmacological properties against many pathological processes. One of them could be the neurodegeneration, stimulated by a dysregulated metal metabolism. Consequently, we explore here the role of IP6 in mitigating neurodegenerative processes catalyzed by dysregulated free iron. Using dopamine and ascorbic acid as models of neuronal redox systems, we demonstrate that IP6 effectively chelates Fe³⁺, inhibiting its ability to catalyse the oxidative degradation of DA and AA. Our findings reveal that IP6 prevents the formation of harmful intermediates such as neuromelanin and reactive oxygen species, which are associated with neuronal damage. Furthermore, we examined the effect of IP6 on Fe³⁺-induced protein aggregation, focusing on α-synuclein, a protein directly linked to Parkinson's disease. IP6 altered the aggregation mechanism of αS by accelerating the conversion of toxic oligomers into less harmful amyloid fibrils, thus reducing the potential for neuronal damage. Our results highlight the dual function of IP6 as potent Fe³⁺ chelator and modulator of protein aggregation pathways, thus emphasizing its potential as a neuroprotective agent. Consequently, IP6 offers promising therapeutic features for mitigating the progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases.
Eocene Gravity Flows in the Internal Prebetic (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain): A Vestige of an Ilerdian Lost Carbonate Platform in the South Iberian Margin
Authors: Tosquella Josep , Martín-Martín Manuel , Miclăuș Crina , Tent-Manclús José Enrique , Serrano Francisco , Martín-Pérez José Antonio
Published: January 2025

In the Betic-Rif Cordilleras, recent works have evidenced the existence of well-developed Eocene (Ypresian-Bartonian) carbonate platforms rich in Larger Benthic Foraminifera (LBF). Contrarily to other sectors of the western Tethys, as the Pyrenean domain in the North Iberian Margin where these platforms started in the early Ypresian (Ilerdian), in the Betic-Rif chains the recorded Eocene platforms started in the late Ypresian (Cuisian) after a widespread gap of sedimentation covering Ilerdian time span. In this work the Aspe-Terreros Prebetic section (External Betic Zone) has been studied. An Eocene succession with gravity flow deposits consisting in terrigenous and bioclastic turbidites, as well as olistostromes with olistoliths, was detected. In one of these turbidites we have dated the middle Ilerdian based on LBF representing a vestige of a missing Illerdian carbonate platform. The microfacies of these turbidites and olistoliths rich in LBF have been described and documented in detail. The gap in the sedimentary record and absence of Ilerdian platforms in the Betic-Rif Cordillera have been related to the so called Eo-Alpine tectonics (Cretaceous to Paleogene) together with sea-level variations which developed contemporaneously to the establishment of shallow marine realms in the margins of the western Tethys due to the Eocene climatic warming.
Determinants of Survival and Prognostic Factors in Patients Undergoing Liver Resection for Primary Hepatic Carcinoma—9-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Gurbadam Unenbat , Dorj Gantuya , Otgongerel Ariyabilig , Khuyagaa Serod , Ganbat Tsenguun , Demchig Tserendorj , Batdelger Amgalantuul , Bayartugs Batsaikhan , Byambaragchaa Munkhdelger , Amankeldi Yerbolat , Chogsom Munkhzaya , Jigjidsure Chinburen , Bayar Bayart-Uils , Nyam-Osor Lkham
Published: January 2025

Background: Mongolia has a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with 85.6 cases per 100,000 population and 70% diagnosed at an advanced stage. HCC accounts for 35% of all cancer-related deaths in the country. The primary treatment for HCC remains hepatotectomy. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the prognosis of patients undergoing liver resection for HCC in Mongolia.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the National Cancer Centre’s eHealth program and cancer registry. The study included 980 patients who underwent liver resection from 2015 to 2018, with a follow-up period of 9.25 years to determine survival rates.
Results: The study included 980 patients, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1 and an average age of 60 years. Tumour stage II patients had the highest survival rate (46.55%), and those with stage IIIb had the lowest (1.51%) (p=0.0001). Smaller tumours (≤5 cm) were associated with better survival (p=0.0006) Histologically, 19.4% had liver cirrhosis, and 80.7% had liver fibrosis. The average AFP level was 1886 ng/ml. The average survival time post-liver resection was 6.675 years. Factors such as blood loss, vascular invasion, tumour size ≤5 cm, and elevated AST and ALT levels significantly influenced long-term survival.
Conclusion: The study identified key prognostic factors influencing survival rates in HCC patients post-liver resection. Minimising blood loss, early detection, and managing vascular invasion, along with early-stage detection and treatment, are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Fabrication of SiC-Aluminum Composites via Binder Jetting 3D Printing and Infiltration: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Khan Fahim , Sanders Jackson , Arman Md Shakil , Pasha Mostafa Meraj , Kanchur Stephen , Pei Zhijian
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study is to show the feasibility of producing SiC-aluminum composites by binder jetting 3D printing of SiC preforms and spontaneous infiltration by aluminum. SiC preforms fabricated using binder jetting 3D printing were subjected to several post-processing steps (including curing, depowdering, debinding, and sintering). Sintering was done at 1700°C and infiltration of aluminum was done at 1000°C, with both in a controlled nitrogen environment under a pressure of 25 psi. The bulk density of the sintered SiC preforms was increased by 14% after infiltration. X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of aluminum in the SiC matrix. This paper is the first to report fabricating SiC-aluminum composites by binder jetting and infiltrating, providing a new approach to producing these composites with potential applications in aerospace and automotive industries
Apolipoproteins and the ApoB/ApoA-1 Ratio as Superior Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers for CAD in a Pakistani Population
Authors: Amin Muhammad Noor ul , Habiba Umm e , Raja Asad Mehmood , Ilyas Muhammad , Ishaq Rafaqat , Arshad Abida , Asad Muhamamd Javaid , Raja Ghazala Kaukab , Shaiq Pakeeza Arzoo
Published: January 2025

Background & Objectives: Apolipoproteins, specifically ApoA-I (a cardioprotective HDL component) and ApoB (associated with cardiovascular risk), are increasingly recognized for their value in diagnosing and predicting heart disease. This study focused on comparing these markers and the ApoB/ApoA-I ratio with traditional lipid profiles to assess their diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1,200 participants were categorized into three groups: control (n=250), training (n=450), and validation (n=500). Blood samples were analyzed for ApoB, ApoA-I, and conventional lipid profile. Advanced statistical methods, including logistic regression, ROC curve analyses, and propensity score matching, were applied to control for confounding factors and validate findings. Results: The training cohort showed significantly higher ApoB levels (1.20 ± 0.52 g/L) compared to controls (1.0 ± 0.40 g/L, p < 0.001), while ApoA-I levels were significantly lower (1.03 ± 0.34 g/L vs. 1.12 ± 0.34 g/L, p = 0.045). The ApoB/ApoA-I ratio was markedly elevated in the training group (1.46 ± 0.18) versus controls (1.06 ± 0.95, p < 0.001). ApoB proved to be the most reliable predictor of coronary artery disease with an AUC of 0.82, surpassing the ApoB/ApoA-I ratio (AUC 0.70) and ApoA-I (AUC 0.65). Cholesterol and triglycerides demonstrated weaker associations with CAD. Conclusion: ApoB and the ApoB/ ApoA-I ratio are superior markers for assessing CAD risk compared to traditional lipid profile. This investigation lends further support for incorporating apolipoprotein testing into clinical practice, enhancing CAD risk stratification, in particular for the high-risk population.
Long-Term Corrosion Behavior of Reinforced Concrete: Impact of Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Reservoir Size under Accelerated Chloride Ingress
Authors: Hoque Kazi Naimul , Presuel-Moreno Francisco
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the long-term corrosion behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) subjected to accelerated chloride ingress over approximately 1600 days, employing electrochemical methods such as linear polarization resistance (LPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic pulse (GP) testing. Two concrete mixes (T1 and T2), incorporating distinct supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), were evaluated to determine their performance in aggressive environments. Specimens with varying reservoir lengths were exposed to a 10% NaCl solution, with electromigration applied to accelerate chloride transport. Electrochemical assessments, including measurements of rebar potential, concrete solution resistance, corrosion current, and mass loss, were conducted to monitor the degradation of embedded steel. The findings revealed that smaller reservoirs (2.5 cm) significantly restricted chloride and moisture penetration, reducing corrosion, while larger reservoirs (10 cm) resulted in greater exposure and higher corrosion activity. Additionally, T1 mixes (cement replacement of 20% fly ash and 50% slag) showed higher corrosion currents and mass loss, whereas T2 mixes (cement replacement of 20% fly ash and 8% silica fume) demonstrated enhanced matrix densification, reduced permeability, and superior durability. These results underscore the importance of mix design and exposure conditions in mitigating corrosion, providing critical insights for improving the longevity of RC structures in aggressive environments.
Immunomodulatory Effect of Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Fruit Extracts on Activated Macrophages and Dysfunctional Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Kowalska Katarzyna , Dembczyński Radosław , Olejnik Anna
Published: January 2025

Background: Growing evidence emphasizes the beneficial effect of flavonoids such as anthocyanins as key constituents in lowering cardiovascular risk, and incorporating daily anthocyanin-rich fruits into the diet significantly impacts public health. Methods: The effect of raspberry fruit bioactive polyphenols on the molecular pathways in inflammation was analyzed in activated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and protective potential against endothelial dysfunction was evaluated using TNF-α-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results: The results have shown that raspberry fruit (RBF) extract, as well as anthocyanin and polyphenol fractions, exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory effect in macrophage cell culture by inhibition of LPS-elicited induction of pro-inflammatory gene expressions such as IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and NF-κB. Moreover, RBF and both fractions have shown protective effect on endothelial functions by decreasing the expression of several inflammation-related genes and adhesion molecules such as IL-6, IL-1b, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and SELE in TNF-α-induced HUVECs. Conclusions: Consumption of raspberry fruit and/or polyphenol-rich extract can help prevent the development of early atherosclerosis. The underlying mechanisms are related to improved inflammation status and vascular endothelial function. Due to raspberries' strong anti-inflammatory properties, incorporating them into the daily diet may significantly lower the risk of inflammation-related non-communicable diseases.
Artificial Intelligence in Energy Management: Enhancing Electricity Demand Forecasting with Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN)
Authors: Franco Alessandro , Pagliantini Cecilia
Published: January 2025

One of the main challenges in increasing the share of renewable energy in total energy consumption lies in balancing production and distribution to ensure a continuous alignment between availability and demand. The rise of renewable energy sources has led to significant changes in the generation and utilization of electricity, complicating production and supply planning. Accurate electricity demand forecasting has thus become a critical aspect of grid management, enabled operational optimization and enhance decision-making processes related to energy production and distribution. With the growing availability of consumption data, traditional forecasting methods have evolved significantly toward data-driven approaches, particularly through advancements in machine learning (ML). This project focuses on hourly electricity demand forecasting in Italy, utilizing Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and specifically implementing Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models. These networks are designed to capture both short- and long-term dependencies in sequential data. Using electricity demand data from Terna - Rete Elettrica Nazionale S.p.A., the LSTM model demonstrated comparable accuracy to Terna's forecasts, effectively predicting hourly demand over both short- and medium-term periods. The model accurately reproduced energy demand peaks, highlighting its robustness and reliability. This study concludes that well-constructed machine learning models offer a promising solution for improving energy demand forecasting accuracy and supporting grid management.
Development of an Electromechanical Handbike Prototype Attachable to Conventional Wheelchairs
Authors: Ardila-Gómez Sergio A. , Rodriguez-Sarmiento Deisy Y. , Pinto-Calderon Cesar F. , Romero-Herrera Alvaro J. , Vargas-Rivera Daniel A.
Published: January 2025

This article presents the development of a prototype of an electromechanical Handbike that can be attached to conventional wheelchairs. A mechatronic design methodology is presented to subsequently design the device, considering the dimensions of a conventional wheelchair. Subsequently, simulations by the finite element method (FEM) are developed to study the structural behavior of the designed device coupled to a wheelchair. Likewise, the construction and assembly of the prototype is carried out by selecting each of the necessary elements. Finally, the validation tests corresponding to speed, reproducibility and autonomy of the device were carried out, obtaining speeds of 13 km/h for a set of three users of different weights and heights, and an autonomy of 2 hours maximum.
Efficacy of pharmacotherapy in patients with deep endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Authors:   V.F.Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Makarenko T.A. , Galkina D.E. ,   V.F.Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Borisova E.A. ,   V.F.Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Ulyanova I.O. ,   V.F.Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

Objective. To study the efficacy of dienogest in the conservative management of patients with deep endometriosis (DE) and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS).
Patients and methods. The study included 25 reproductive-aged patients (Me = 33.5 years) with DE and CPPS who had not undergone surgical treatment for endometriosis. Complaints, quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study-Short form, MOS SF-36), pelvic examination and pelvic ultrasound before and after therapy with dienogest 2 mg (Zafrilla) considering ENZIAN (U) classification were evaluated. Treatment efficacy was assessed at 3 and 6 months after continuous medication use.
Results. Patients with DE and CPPS presented the following common complaints: dysmenorrhea (80% of women) and dyspareunia (72%), and one in two patients (56%) had flatulence during menstruation (p < 0.05). This category of patients showed a significant decrease in the quality of life according to all 8 transformed scales, which amounted to 40–69% (p < 0.05). A 6-month therapy with Zafrilla statistically significantly reduced the intensity of pain by 55.5%, improved the quality of life by more than 2 times, which is due to a 44.4% decrease in the number of complaints of dyspareunia (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a decrease in the volume of endometriotic lesions and depth of invasion from 12 to 36% according to ultrasound and the new ENZIAN (U) classification, p < 0.05.
Conclusion. Conservative therapy for DE with dienogest 2 mg in a continuous regimen improves the quality of life of women by more than 2 times, which is due to a decrease in the intensity and frequency of pain in patients with CPPS (p < 0.05).
Key words: dienogest, deep endometriosis, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, ENZIAN (U) classification