bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERSPECTIVAS POBLACIONALES EN LA ACEPTACIÓN DE LOS INMUNOBIOLÓGICOS CONTRA COVID-19
Authors: Alencastro Vaca Cintia Jasmin , Jiménez Peralta Ana Lucia
Published: January 2022

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las perspectivas poblacionales en la aceptación de los inmunobiológicos contra COVID-19. Para este estudio se aplicó una investigación de tipo cualitativa descriptiva  con enfoque etnográfico y fenomenológico. Participaron 30 personas de la parroquia de Izamba. La recolección de datos de realizó mediante una entrevista junto. Entre los resultados se demostró que existe un gran porcentaje de predisposición a recibir  la vacuna y un buen conocimiento de las mismas. Se concluye que las perspectivas poblacionales en la aceptación de los inmunobiológicos contra COVID-19 son satisfactorias y demuestran un nivel alto de confianza.bjetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las perspectivas poblacionales en la aceptación de los inmunobiológicos contra COVID-19. Para este estudio se aplicó una investigación de tipo cualitativa descriptiva  con enfoque etnográfico y fenomenológico. Participaron 30 personas de la parroquia de Izamba. La recolección de datos de realizó mediante una entrevista junto. Entre los resultados se demostró que existe un gran porcentaje de predisposición a recibir  la vacuna y un buen conocimiento de las mismas. Se concluye que las perspectivas poblacionales en la aceptación de los inmunobiológicos contra COVID-19 son satisfactorias y demuestran un nivel alto de confianza.
VALORES: FORTALEZA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD CUBANA
Authors: Castañeda Real Daysi , Cuellar Hernández Dayli , Rosquet Alfaro Yudi
Published: January 2022

Esta publicación se enmarca en el tema fortalecimiento de valores en nuestras aulas de hoy, demostrar a nuestros estudiantes la importancia de los mismos en todas las etapas de la vida como seres humanos. También se hará énfasis en el valor de los mismos en las relaciones con nuestros estudiantes de Ciencias Médicas .La necesidad de elevar el nivel político- ideológico en la juventud de nuestros tiempos. Se hará énfasis en el rol del profesor al frente de cada aula, o sea el papel del profesor guía en el desarrollo de estos valores tan necesarios en la actualidad. Es por esta razón que se hace necesario el trabajo en cada aula de los valores que muchas veces no están fortalecidos en la juventud de hoy. Los valores constituyen un tema de discusión en nuestras aulas estos están ligados a lo afectivo de las personas, por tanto la carrera de Medicina, nuestros estudiantes de Ciencias Médicas poseen  la obligación de desarrollarlos a cada momento. No solo verlos unidos a las aulas sino verlos desde la familia y además la comunidad, ellos tres forman una unión indispensable para el desarrollo y fortalecimiento de los mismos. Desde la familia el individuo forma valores que lo caracterizan como seres humanos durante el transcurso de su vida. La comunidad completa en ella el individuo  expone los valores que cada ser humano posee. En la universidad deben aprender y el proceso de enseñanza –aprendizaje determina una socialización en todos y cada uno de los estudiantes de estos valores.
17617 NUMARALI TEMETTUAT DEFTERİNE GÖRE UŞAK KAZASINA BAĞLI SABAH MAHALLESİ’NİN SOSYO-İKTİSADİ VE DEMOGRAFİK DURUMU (1844-1845)
Authors: KÖSE Muhammed , GÜNDOĞDU Onur
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışma; Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivinde ML. VRD. TMT. d. 17617 fonuyla kayıtlı 1844-1845 tarihli Temettuat Defteri ışığında hazırlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda incelenen dönemde Uşak kazası dahilindeki Sabah mahallesinin (İslam) XIX. yüzyıl ilk yarısı sosyo-ekonomik ve demografik yapısı ele alınmıştır. Yapılan araştırma ile XIX. yüzyılın ortalarında Sabah (İslam) Mahallesi sakinlerinin demografik yapısı; hane reislerinin tarım, hayvancılık, işçilik, esnaflık ve ticaretle ilgili faaliyetleri neticesinde elde ettikleri gelir ve ödedikleri vergi miktarları tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte mezkûr defter ışığında incelenen tarihte (1844-1845) Sabah Mahallesinin tahmini nüfusu, tarım arazilerinin miktarı, tarımsal üretimin çeşitliliği, mahallede beslenilen büyükbaş ve küçükbaş hayvan ile yük hayvanlarının cinsi ve sayıları gibi veriler derlenmiştir. Ayrıca aynı mahallede icra edilen meslekler, kişilerin kullandıkları lakaplar, isimler ve unvanlar da çalışmaya dahil edilen konular arasındadır.
Real, compared to what? Insertability of constrained realemes in Dave Eggers’ What is the What
Authors: Khan Muhammad Uzair , Khan Saleem Akhtar
Published: January 2022

The paper examines Eggers’ What is the What (2006) that has problematically been called an autobiographical novel and memoire, narrating Valentino’s chequered past as one of Sudanese Lost Boys. The text yields potential perspectives that demand scrutiny for understanding of the fascinating reciprocity between fictionality and historicity. The article engages theorizations of the complex coalescence offered by Zohar (1980) and McHale (1987) to benchmark the thematic dimensions of the selected text against the cutting-edge postulates. In addition, Valentino’s preface to the “novel”, engaging with the purpose of his collaborative working with Eggers, and Eggers’ essay “It was just boys walking” (2004), negotiating the genesis of the project, have also been used as a methodological touchstone. The analysis vindicates the correspondence between the fictional and the historical versions, albeit the author has fictionalized gaps of Valentino’s historicized life. Thus, Eggers’ text consummates blurring by encompassing both the thematic dimensions, fusing fiction and fact, and the structural schemas, mixing the techniques of different genre traditions, inasmuch as his work exhibits a hermeneutic playfulness found at the heart of the aesthetics of postmodern and 9/11 fiction.
A new record of Genus Icius Simon, 1876 for Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) of Pakistan
Authors: Ali Pir Asmat
Published: January 2022

The research studies on the jumping family of Salticidae in Pakistan are rare due to several reason. In this study, I present the first record of Icius alboterminus (Caleb, 2014) from Pakistan. Specimen for the study is collected selected area of district Swabi, Pakistan. The findings of the study constitute the first record of genus Icius Simon, 1876 from the country, as well as an updated distribution map is presented in this study as well.
Factors Influencing the Intentions to Adopt Technology of the Broiler Farmer in Livestock Region 3, Thailand
Authors: Wichean Apisara , Sungsanit Mullika
Published: January 2022

This research aimed to study the types and influence of mindsets, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions on farmers' intention to adopt a technology. The research participants were 110 broiler farmers in livestock region 3. The research used a questionnaire to collect quantitative data and analyse the data using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation,  correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling with maximum likelihood estimation to analyse path coefficienct and structural relationships. The result showed that most of the participants have a growth mindset more than a fixed mindset. Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions have directly affected boiler farmers' intention to adopt the technology. Effort expectancy has a total effect on attitude toward using technology. Interestingly, facilitating conditions have shown the most considerable influence on attitude toward adopting the technology. Mindsets have an influence on effort expectancy and facilitating conditions.

HIGHLIGHTS

Most broiler farmers in livestock region 3 possess a growth mindset than a fixed mindset

Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions have direct effect on boiler farmers' intention to adopt the technology

Mindsets influence farmers' perception of effort expectancy and facilitating conditions of adopting the technology
Spider Monkey Optimization based Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation in Cloud Environment
Authors: Samriya Jitendra Kumar , Kumar Narander
Published: January 2022

The origin of Cloud computing is from the principle of utility computing, which is characterized as a broadband service providing storage and computational resources. It provides a large variety of processing options and heterogeneous tools, allowing it to meet the needs of a wide range of applications at different levels. As a result, resource allocation and management are critical in cloud computing. In this work, the Spider Monkey Optimization (SMO) is used for attaining an optimized resource allocation. The key parameters considered to regulate the performance of SMO are its application time, migration time, and resource utilization. Energy consumption is another key factor in cloud computation which is also considered in this work. The Green Cloud Scheduling Model (GCSM) is followed in this work for the energy utilization of the resources. This is done by scheduling the heterogeneity tasks with the support of a scheduler unit which schedules and allocates the tasks which are deadline-constrained enclosed to nodes which are only energy-conscious. Assessing these methods is formulated using the cloud simulator programming process. The parameter used to determine the energy efficiency of this method is its energy consumption. The simulated outcome of the proposed approach proves to be effective in response time, makespan, energy consumption along with resource utility corresponding to the existing algorithms.
Biocatalytic and Biological Activities of Cassia Occidentalis Mediated Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Singh Shashika , Mohanlall Viresh
Published: January 2022

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using the leaf extracts from Cassia occidentalis. The reactions were marked by a distinct colour change and the formation of AgNPs was monitored by measuring the UV-Vis spectra. The morphology and crystalline phase of the metal nanoparticles were determined using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and Fourier-Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The biocatalytic activity of the AgNPs against nitrifying compounds was determined using 4-nitrophenol and 4-nitroalanine. The biological screening involved analyzing the AgNPs effectiveness against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Enterococcus faecalis). The AgNPs displayed minimal inhibition at low concentrations ranging from 25 to 50 μg/mL. The toxicity of the AgNPs was tested using the brine shrimp assay and was observed as non-toxic with a nearly zero mortality rate. The AgNPs exhibited an antioxidant potential of 70.90 % inhibition at 1000 µg/mL. C. occidentalis is noted as a potential bioresource for synthesizing AgNPs with applications as antibacterial, antioxidant and biocatalytic agents.

HIGHLIGHTS

The addition of Ag nanoparticles to C. occidentalis plant extracts resulted in the formation of AgNPs-C. occidentalis complexes

The AgNPs-C. occidentalis complexes were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy with EDX, UV-Vis spectrophotometry and IR spectroscopy

These AgNPs-C. occidentalis complexes were very stable and showed antibacterial activity against a range of tested gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria at low doses, thus proving to be good antimicrobial agents

The AgNPs-C. occidentalis complexes showed higher scavenging activity than leaf extracts of C. occidentalis. The AgNPs have increased catalytic ability for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and 4-nitroalanine after a 30 min time interval

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Design and Simulation of Air-Fuel Percentage Sensors in Drone Engine Controlling
Authors: Abdulsada Mohammed Abdulla , Hussein Mohammed Wajeeh , Jahlool Jabbar Shatti , Naghmash Majid S.
Published: January 2022

This paper presents the design and simulation of air-fuel percentage sensors in drone engine control using Matlab. The applications of sensor engineering system have been pioneer in technology development and advancement of automated machine as complex systems. The integration of drone fuel sensor system is the major series components such as injector, pumps and switches. The suggested model is tuned to interface drone fuel system with fuel flow in order to optimize efficient monitoring. The sensor system is improved and virtualized in Simulink block set by varying the parameters with high range to observe the fuel utilization curves and extract the validated results. The obtained results show that the possibility of engine operation in critical conditions such as takeoff, landing, sharp maneuver and performance is applicable to turn off the system in case of break down in the sensor to ensure the safety of drone engine.

HIGHLIGHTS

The drone engine fuel rate sensor is designed and examined to determine the air-to-fuel ratio

The suggested model is tuned to interface drone fuel system with fuel flow in order to optimize efficient monitoring

The obtained results show that the possibility of using engine with different failure mode and fault considerations

The represented control structure is simple, efficient and provides the required air-to-fuel ratio
Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Performance of Poly-3-Thenoic Acid/Cu-TiO2 Nanohybrid for Efficient Visible Light Assisted Degradation of Bismarck Brown R
Authors: Raju Imandi Manga , Rao Tirukkovalluri Siva , Rao Miditana Sankara
Published: January 2022

The present work reported on the synthesis and characterization of Poly-3-Thenoic acid/Cu-TiO2 nanohybrid (PCuT) for the photocatalytic degradation of organic azo dye pollutant from wastewater. The as-synthesized nanohybrid by an in-situ modified sol-gel method including chemical oxidative polymerization was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis.DRS), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The characterization results revealed the formation of small aggregates of polymer contained high crystalline anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (XRD) with narrowed bandgap energy (UV-vis.DRS), decreased particle size (TEM) with smooth surface morphology (SEM) and large surface area (BET). All the constituent elements of the polymer and Cu-TiO2 were found in the PCuT nanohybrid material (EDX) and their chemical interaction studied by FT-IR confirmed the stability of the nanohybrid. The photocatalytic activity of the nanohybrid was tested by the degradation of Bismarck Brown R dye under visible light irradiation. To enhance the photocatalytic efficiency, effects of various catalyst/dye reaction parameters such as polymer content, solution pH, catalyst dosage, and initial dye concentration were studied and optimized.

HIGHLIGHTS

Poly-3-Thenoic acid/Cu-TiO2 nanohybrid material was successfully synthesized by in situ modified sol-gel process

Poly-3-Thenoic acid has enhanced the visible light absorption capacity of anatase TiO2 in nanohybrids

Electron-hole recombination in TiO2 was effectively inhibited by Cu doping

Bismark Brown R, an organic pollutant was successfully degraded in 75 min of visible light irradiation

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The Distribution of Intestinal Amoebae in Wild Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Sabang City, Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi , Cahyaningsih Umi , Purnawarman Trioso , Latif Hadri , Sudarnika Etih , Farida Farida , Maryatun Maryatun
Published: January 2022

Amoeba that infects primates can also be found in humans and can be zoonotic. This study aims to identify the distribution of intestinal amoeba in the wild Long-Tailed Macaque (LTM) group located at Cot Murong, Kebun Mangga, and Tugu Zero Kilometer Monument (IZKM) in Sabang City, Aceh Province, Indonesia. A total of 177 stool samples from 59 tails from the three LTM groups were examined microscopically. The results of the examination confirmed seven species of intestinal amoeba, three of which belonged to the genus Entamoeba, namely the Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii complex, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba pölecki, and four other species from different genera, namely Iodamoeba butschlii, Blastocystis sp., Endolimax nana and Dientamoeba fragilis. The prevalence of intestinal amoeba in wild LTM in Sabang City was 57.6% (102/177). Dientamoeba fragilis was only found in the LTM group of Kebun Mangga. Entamoeba coli dominated the highest prevalence in all LTM groups. The LTM group located around Cot Murong and IZKM had a higher concentration of infection with intestinal amoeba than the Kebun Mangga location. The statistical tests showed a significant difference between the proportions of Iodamoeba butschlii, Endolimax nana and Dientamoeba fragilis, both found in the LTM Cot Murong, Kebun Mangga, or IZKM groups. This study is the first to report amoebic infection prevalence in the wild LTM group in Sabang City, Aceh Province. The pathogenic amoeba that cannot be distinguished microscopically from morphologically identical amoebae needs to be identified molecularly to identify variants and their potential as zoonotic agents.

HIGHLIGHTS

Intestinal amoeba species found in fecal samples of the wild long-tailed macaques group of Sabang City, Aceh Province, Indonesia, can also be found in human stool samples

As many as three of the seven identified amoeba species, namely Entamoeba histolytica, Dientamoeba fragilis, and Blastocystis sp. is a pathogen that can cause diarrhea and colitis in humans and non-human primates

The prevalence of amoeba infection in wild macaques in Sabang City is in the high category and tends to increase the incidence of infection in the macaque group, which has more susceptible individuals, namely infants, children, and females

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Smart Farming and Surveillance using a Multipurpose Robot and Machine Learning
Authors: J Vijay , Syedkhadeeramed  , K Pragatheeshwaran , V Praveenkumar , Kumar Sajan
Published: January 2022

Agriculture is the procedure of producing food, feed, fiber, and many other favored merchandise by cultivating favorable vegetation and raising farm animals. The exercise of agriculture is also referred to as farming. However, there are a few challenges in raising agricultural productiveness in line with the unit of land, reducing rural poverty through a socially inclusive strategy that contains each agriculture in addition to non-farm employment, ensuring that agricultural boom responds to food security wishes. Nowadays, the advancement in ingenious farming techniques is progressively enhancing the crop yield making it greater worthwhile and reduce irrigation wastages. The proposed system is to layout and increases an autonomous vehicle that can carry out various agricultural activities inclusive of digging, sowing seeds, pumping insecticides, cutting undesirable grass within the discipline, etc. The farming land is autonomously irrigated with sufficient water with the help of moisture sensors within the land. The autonomous robot's general operation and the irrigation gadget are monitored and maintained using Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. The overall operation and records are measured via the sensors are stored in the cloud for device gaining knowledge of (ML) algorithm and future references. Thereby, it increases the machine's overall performance accuracy and reduces the human power and saves the time required to cultivate the farmland
Polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme activity of bacteria, native to Apis florea gut
Authors: Ganeshprasad D. N. , Karthik Yalpi , Sachin H. R. , Sneharani A. H.
Published: January 2022

Introduction and Aim: Apis florea commonly known as “dwarf honey bee” harbors enormous gut bacteria that can digest complex carbohydrates and other food components. In this regard, the present investigation was focused on analyzing the polysaccharide degrading ability of bacteria isolated from the gut of honeybee, for their possible application in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
 
Materials and Methods: Nine bacterial isolates were screened for carbohydrate degrading enzymes viz., amylase, pectinase, cellulase, tannase and laccase, using respective substrate by plate assay method. Further activities of amylase and pectinase were measured quantitatively by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method.
 
Results: All the nine selected isolates exhibited amylase and pectinase activities. However, only two isolates exhibited lignolytic and cellulolytic activity. None of the isolates showed tannin degradation. Maximum amylase activity (4.95 U/mg) was observed in Bacillus halotolerans af-M9 followed by Klebsiella oxytoca af-G4 (4.62 U/mg). With respect to pectinase activity Klebsiella pneumoniae af-E17 displayed higher activity (0.24 U/mg) followed by Klebsiella oxytoca af-G4 (0.20 U/mg).
 
Conclusion: Habitat-specific innovations are being explored for novel compounds for therapeutic applications. This study throws a light on selection of carbohydrate degrading bacteria from a new source i.e., GUT of honeybee.
Phagocytic and oxidative burst activity of neutrophils in type 2 diabetic patients with foot ulcers
Authors: Bernhardt Grisilda Vidya , Shivappa Pooja , Shantaram Manjula , Jayakar Varsha , Lokapur Vinayak , Pinto Janita R. T.
Published: January 2022

Introduction and Aim: Diabetic foot ulcers are common complications seen in diabetic patients. Treatment of this  disabling foot sore remains a challenge to health care professionals. This study aimed at evaluating whether the neutrophils from type 2 diabetic patients with foot ulcers present an impairment of phagocytic index and impairment in respiratory burst. We also aimed at understanding whether the impairment in neutrophil phagocytic activity can be alleviated with short course of standard treatment regime for foot ulcers.
 
Methodology: For this case-controled study, 43 participants  with type 2 diabetes  (18  with foot ulcers and 25 without foot ulcers) were prospectively recruited along with 18 healthy volunteers. Phagocytic activity of neutrophils and respiratory burst of neutrophils was assessed  along with ESR, percentage neutrophil counts before and after 2 weeks of standard treatment for foot ulcers.
 
Results: Neutrophils of type 2 diabetic patients (with and without foot ulcers ) showed  lower levels of phagocytic index and lower percentage of respiratory burst  on  comparison with non-diabetic subjects. Furthermore, on receiving treatment for foot ulcers, a significant improvement in neutrophil phagocytic indices were observed, along with improvement in wound ulcer score.
 
Conclusion: Phagocytic activity of the neutrophils is impaired  in  type 2 diabetics (with and without foot ulcers). Neutrophil phagocytic indices can be improved on glycemic control. Additionally, improvement in neutrophil phagocytic indices after short course treatment for foot ulcers can be useful markers to predict treatment efficacy and in prognosis of diabetic foot ulcers.
A comparative study on effect of platelet rich plasma Vs conventional dressing in healing rate of chronic diabetic ulcers
Authors: Rajendran Swathika , Thiyagarajan Manuneethimaran , K. Balaji Singh , Navrathan Nitesh
Published: January 2022

Introduction and Aim: This study has been undertaken to evaluate efficacy of platelet rich plasma (PRP) dressing that is recently introduced with conventional dressing. We have tried to compare PRP dressing with conventional normal dressing in healing the wound.
 
Materials and Methods: We conducted this study in 120 patients of chronic non healing diabetic foot ulcers who were treated over the period of three years. Number of cases (60 each) were studied for efficacy of applying autologous platelet rich plasma versus normal dressing for chronic non healing diabetic foot ulcers. At every week follow up, the ulcer was examined for granulation tissue, area and volume which was calculated using Vernier calipers and marked on a graph paper and photographs were taken. Wound healing was compared between PRP and normal dressing.
 
Results: The incidence of male susceptibility was more (70%) than females (30%) in diabetic foot. Average rate of healing per week was found to be significantly better among the PRP group than normal dressing group. The ulcer showed significant reduction in size among the PRP group in comparison to the normal dressing group with a significant P value (0.001).
 
Conclusion: In this study application of platelet rich plasma into chronic non-healing diabetic foot ulcers in comparison with conventional dressing has shown a significant reduction in the size of the ulcer, hospital stay and cost for the patient.
Awareness regarding breast cancer among urban women in South India
Authors: R. Ramya , R. Chandru , Raj D. Rajiv , Begum U. Zeenath , Suryaraj Shwetha , Manoj Sai
Published: January 2022

Introduction and Aim: Breast cancer is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and recent trends have shown increased incidence among younger women. There is, therefore, an imminent need to raise the level of awareness among the women in the entire population. The present study was carried out to evaluate the level of awareness among urban women in South India.
 
Methodology: This hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among 1000 adult women who visited the outpatient clinics of our tertiary care hospital for various illness.  The level of awareness regarding breast cancer was elicited based on the risk factors of breast cancer, symptoms, and role of family history. Awareness regarding the tools for early detection, management and preventive measures was also elicited.
 
Results: The study observed that 78.9% of the participants who were illiterates had no awareness of the symptoms, while 57.9% of the participants with high school level education were unaware of the symptoms. Regarding the role of genetics in breast cancer occurrence, 47% of the illiterate participants reported that breast cancer is not hereditary. It was observed that lack of awareness regarding the early detection was prevalent among 81%, 87% and 93% of the participants who were illiterate, primary, and middle school level educated respectively.
 
Conclusion: The present study has also elucidated the lack of adequate knowledge on important facts regarding the breast cancer is alarming and this needs to be addressed with due focus on providing health education by health care providers at various levels of health system.
A study to analyse the effect of Mckenzie’s method of exercise to treat upper cross syndrome associated with cervicogenic headache
Authors: Vaishnavi G. , Dinesh Kumar S. , Mohan Kumar G. , K. Kirupa , Tharani G. , Eliza Giftson T. , Rajashri R. , Akash S. , Chandru P.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Upper cross syndrome (UCS) occurs when the muscle in the neck, shoulders, and chest become deformed usually as a result of poor posture. The aim of the study is to analyse the effect of McKenzie’s method of exercise to treat upper cross syndrome associated with cervicogenic headache.
Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted in outpatient department physiotherapy A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital. Fifty subjects were selected for the study of the age group between 20 to 50 years of both male and female sex. Duration of this study was about 3 months. Each patient was trained about three session per week, 30 minutes per session. The session included McKenzie’s method of exercise to improve the shoulder and neck movements and postural corrections of the subjects. The outcome measure done using visual analogue scale (VAS) for cervicogenic headache and upper cross syndrome questionnaire (UCS).
Results: The results on comparing upper cross syndrome questionnaire score and Visual Analog Scale score showed that between the pre-test (4.93) and post-test (3.43) mean values with group McKenzie’s exercise showed highly significant difference. Thus, it is appropriate that McKenzie’s method of exercise to treat upper cross syndrome associated with cervicogenic headache is effective.
The role of immune mediators in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Abdul-Qader Khuder Hana
Published: January 2022

Introduction and Aim: Viral hepatitis, is considered a major cause of cirrhosis and liver transplantation, both of which are life-threatening conditions. In comparison to Hepatitis C virus infection, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has a lower rate of chronicity. The purpose of this study is to assess the immunological particles CD2 and CD4, as well as the cytokines IL-10, in HBV-infected patients.
Materials and Methods: Between April and June 2021, a case-control study was conducted on 180 female subjects with a mean age of 35 years who visited a private clinic in Mosul city. A (10 ml) sample of blood was collected from each subject by routine venipuncture technique, and the blood sample was centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 10 minutes to separate the plasma, which was used for further investigations. The ELISA test was used to determine the sizes of cytokines in the serum (R&D Systems). A microplate reader was used to limit absorbance in copies (Beckman Coulter). The last concentration was measured in pg/ml.
 
Results: The findings of this study revealed that (15%) of cases had clinical symptoms of HBV, while (70%) of cases were asymptomatic, and (5%) of cases progressed to chronic liver disease. In compared to healthy control groups, HBV patients had highly significant variations in mean CD 2 and CD 4 expression (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: During the acute phase of hepatitis, the immune system successfully fights off the infection; however, differences in immune responses to different viruses may explain the tendency for acute infection to resolve rather than develop to chronic infection. Hepatitis viruses employ a variety of tactics to evade human immunity. To fully comprehend the complicated interplay between immunological mediators and HBV infection, more research is needed.
Effects of hookah smoking on liver functions, lipid profile, and adult blood count
Authors: Yaseen Muna , Alkubaisy Sami , Saleh Marwan Mahmood
Published: January 2022

Introduction and Aim: Smoking is the most common habit and the largest health risk among people who have an impact on the human body. The goal of our study was to examine the effects of hookah (Shisha) on the liver, lipid profile, and blood content in adult smokers to adult non-smokers.
 
Materials and Methods: A total of 50 men between the ages of 30 and 60 years took part in the study. These samples were divided into two groups: 30 smokers and 20 non-smokers. Every male is subjected to a complete medical history survey as well as frequent tests to rule out any underlying illnesses or diseases. Blood samples were taken in quantities of 10 mL to examine the blood.  Blood samples were placed on the red roof when blood samples were used with anticoagulant factor. The identification of biological parameters was done using enzyme methods and a Random kit.
 
Results: The results showed that Hb, PCV, WBC, ESR, platelets, and RBC were all elevated, whereas ALP and transaminase enzymes were not. Although not significantly, TC and TG increased the lipid profile findings. Our analysis yielded a wide range of outcomes. Various factors could be to blame for these disparities.
 
Conclusion: We describe how future research will focus on the relationship between organ functions and their working tests for smoking effects based on our findings. Age, sex, nutrition, and hereditary behavior must all be included in future studies.
Correlation of CA 19-9 with HbA1c in prediabetic and diabetic groups
Authors: Pratheeksha . , Chandran Vinod , Rao Gayathri M. , Rao Durga
Published: January 2022

Introduction and Aim: Carbohydrate antigen19-9 (CA 19-9) is a marker of pancreatic cancer. In diabetics, pancreatic beta cell dysfunction can lead to elevated serum CA19-9 level. This study was designed for estimation of CA19-9 in diabetes and its correlation with glucose levels and glycosylated hemoglobin.
 
Materials and Methods: The includes diabetic, pre diabetic with no history of malignancies and healthy normal subjects (n=50 each). Ca19-9 was estimated using ELISA, HbA1c by D10-Biorad variant turbo and the Lipid profile in Roche COBAs 6000 auto analyzer. Statistical analysis was done by Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version17 (SPSS 17). P <0.05 was considered significant.
 
Results: Serum CA19-9 level was high in diabetics compared to normal, (p=0.38) however it was decreased in pre diabetic group (P=0.06). There was significant difference in comparison of CA19-9 levels between pre diabetic and diabetics(p=0.001). A significant increase in triglycerides was observed both in diabetics (p<0.01) and pre-diabetics(p=0.04). There was a significant positive correlation of CA19-9 with TC/HDL (p=0.022) and non-HDL(p) in control group. 
 
Conclusion: CA19-9 levels can be influenced by glycemic status, hence assessment of pancreatic cancer in diabetic patients must be interpreted carefully in consideration with CA19-9 levels. CA19-9 level was decreased in prediabetics when compared to normal and diabetics. This is a novel finding, the cause for which must ascertained, and this will open further avenues for research.
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on fetal growth and development in pregnant women
Authors: V. Srilekha , Vijayalakshmi B. , Reddy I. Yogananda , Fathima Nayiema
Published: January 2022

Introduction and Aim:  Fetal growth is a dynamic process that must be monitored in pregnant women to reduce the long-term consequences of fetal anomalies and post-natal effects on their life. The current study was aimed to find out the effectiveness and association of vitamin D on fetal growth during the prenatal period.
 
Materials and Methods: It was a randomized control trial undertaken in 100 pregnant women who were allocated randomly into two groups based on calcemic state. After giving 6000 IU of vitamin D intervention the fetal growth was measured at the end of 3 months and the variables were obtained before and after the intervention.
 
Results: The mean difference of fetal weight between groups was 77g was significantly increased to 277g (p<0.01) after 3 months. The mean difference of femur length before intervention was 0.95mm (p-0.18) significantly increased to 3.03mm (p<0.01). Further, the mean biparietal diameter difference was 0.13mm (p-0.92) was substantially increased to 4.77mm(p<0.01).
 
Conclusion: The current study suggests that the fetal growth variables were significantly increased in post-intervention phases which can be attributed to vitamin D. It has an immense effect on fetal growth which can be supplemented during different trimesters to enhance fetal development.
Assessment of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and interlukin-6 as diagnostic aid for neonatal infections at a tertiary care center
Authors: Pandey Jayesh , Bisht Dakshina , Mittal Mahima , Singh Amresh Kumar
Published: January 2022

Introduction and Aim:  Neonatal infections are the leading cause of mortality among neonates after prematurity.  The importance determining biological markers to be used as a diagnostic test to detect neonatal infections the in early stage of the disease is a challenge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness & sensitivity of various serological markers such as serum Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and chemokine IL-6 for diagnosis of neonatal infections leading to sepsis in new born infants.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among newborns admitted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and meeting the selection criteria. Samples were collected for blood culture and ELISA was performed for detection of CRP, PCT & IL-6.
Results: A total of 300 newborns were included in this study from NICU of which 132 (44%) neonates was found to be blood culture positive. The most frequently isolated organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae (26.5%), followed by Candida albicans (18.1%). In case of confirmed neonatal sepsis, significant higher levels of CRP, PCT and IL-6 were detected than in cases of probable sepsis. Serum procalcitonin levels exhibit highest sensitivity and specificity as 65.91% and 91.67% respectively.
Conclusion: Serum procalcitonin has better diagnostic utility in terms of biological marker for the diagnosis of neonatal infections than C- reactive protein and Interleukin-6.
Comparison of hematological parameters in mild and severe COVID-19 infected patients: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Pinto Tania Eltrida , D'Cunha Rithesh Joseph , Fernandes Shannon , Nireeksha . , T. Gurumurthy
Published: January 2022

Introduction and Aim: With the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic raging on, there is a need to identify clinical and laboratory predictors which predict progression towards severe and fatal forms of this illness. Our study aims to evaluate the ability of hematologic and biochemical biomarkers to discriminate between patients with and without severe or fatal forms of COVID-19.
 
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 200 Covid positive patients;100 with mild disease and 100 with severe disease. Medical records were reviewed to collect demographic data and results of the following blood investigations were noted at admission: Hb, Platelet count, Total and Differential leukocyte count, CRP, AST, ALT, LDH, Ferritin and D-Dimer. Comparative analysis was performed between the 2 groups.
 
Results: A significant difference in the basophil count (mean 2.35 and 5.92) among those with mild and severe disease respectively was noted as also with the eosinophil count (mean 6.88 and 1.79). The levels of CRP were higher in those with severe disease as compared to the mild disease group (mean 276.29 and 65.23). Ferritin levels were markedly increased severe disease patients (mean 1275.66 and 533.94). D-dimer was markedly increased in COVID-19 patients with severe disease (mean 3813.91 ng/ml) compared to those with mild disease group (mean 521.78 ng/ml).
 
Conclusion: Hematological and biochemical markers positively correlate to the severity of covid infection, thus highlighting their role in the early diagnosis of the disease and can act as independent markers in predicting severity and prognosis of disease.
Covid vaccine dilemma curbing the herd immunity in India- Jab or no jab?
Authors: Rai Srinidhi , Rai Tirthal , H. Sindhu , Rai B. Shamantha , Pakkala P. Rithesh
Published: January 2022

After the devastating second wave of COVID-19, with the rapid increase in the number of new cases in many states of India marking the beginning of a probable third wave of COVID-19, our best bet is taking a jab to protect against COVID-19. Currently, licensed vaccines are found to be reasonably safe and effective. The second wave of COVID-19 was devastating, but it's a silver lining to note that most of the individuals who had taken the jab recovered with mild infections, and the hospitalization rates among jabbed individuals were meager.  Various rumours related to the efficacy, safety, content, and side effects of the vaccine in India had caused a plunge in the vaccine acceptance rate leading to hesitancy and carelessness among the Indian population. This is a critical time for facts, not fear or rumors. This review provides an insight into the myths, pros and cons, and efficacy of the available vaccines.
The Roles of Parents Teachers Association in School-Age Children’s Psychosocial Development According to Erik Erikson
Authors: Wijaya Sendi
Published: January 2022

People these days tend to avoid their attention from child’s psychosocial development while it holds serious role for the psyhcological and social development of children to find their true identity in the future. According to Erik Erikson, there are 8 stages of phsychosocial development of human starts when a human being is born to the final stage which is at 65 years old above. In this theory, Erikson emphasizes that every stage holds its importance and that they relate each other. Which means the first stage affects the next stage and so forth. This research is aimed to analyze Erikson’s 8 stages development of psychosocial on school-age children and how parents and teachers should respond and provide suitable treatment for these children.The methodology in this research is literature research where author collects the information about 8 stages psychosocial development from journal, books, reviews, or previous research. From this research, author finds that parents must give proper and suitable parenting style for their child especially during their school periods where child needs support, motivation and stimulus either from parents or teachers or their surroundings through intensive communication. For addition, through this research too, author finds that the ability for teachers to understand these 8 stages will give them the sight to provide more chances for the children to grow well and find their true identity. From this research, we can conclude that either teachers and parents need to cooperatively work together to provides proper and suitable treatment for children’s psychosocial development according to Erikson’s 8 stages development.
AN INVESTIGATION ON ROLE OF GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Albejaidi Fahad
Published: January 2022

Sustainability is the main problem of organizations. Due to environmental uncertainty and human negligence lot of issues related with environment are increasing day by day. That is why implementing green policies and initiating green activities are crucial for organizations to attain competitive advantage and sustainability. The purpose of the existing study was to determine direct link between GHRM and sustainable development. For this drive, survey from 416 respondents was conducted. Those organizations that have awareness of environmental issues and have implemented and initiated green objectives were chosen for this study. The non-probability convenience sampling was used for selecting sample size. SPSS 25 was used. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability test were conducted the findings show the scales adopted are found valid and reliable. Further regression was run to test hypotheses; it shows that all predictor have impact upon criterion variables. Only green training has insignificant effect on environment sustainability while green RSL, GT and green rewards also does not have impact on social performance.
PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSIVE FEELINGS AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Suan Chin Tee , Khan Anwar , Anwar Muhammad
Published: January 2022

In nowadays competitive environment, students face challenges and intense pressure both from social and university lives, which is perceived stressful, and it ultimately develop feelings of depression. Keeping this in view, the current study aims to know prevalence of depressive feelings and its associated risk factors among Malaysian university students. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, data were collected by an online-self-reported- questionnaire from 210 students. Demographic data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, while linkages between depression and its risk-factors were determined by multinomial-logistic regression analysis. Results show that depressive symptoms were moderately elevated among 19-to-22 years old students, female students, unmarried, having past-trauma and financially poor status. Depressive symptoms had impeded academic life of students and academic performance. This study recommends that the menace of depression should be dealt collectively by parents, teachers, and university administration by providing a conducive environment to students, which will prevent students from detrimental impacts of depression.
Anaesthesia management in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patient undergo repair pseudoaneurysms surgery: a case report
Authors: Andi Tan , Aryasa Tjahya , Senapathi Tjokorda Gde Agung
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is marked by the presence of kidney damage (usually defined as estimated GFR < 60 mL/ min/1.73 m2) for 3 or more months, and it may be caused by a multitude of disease processes. Management of patients with CKD includes aggressive treatment of the underlying cause, pharmacologic therapy to delay disease progression and prevent complications, and preparation for hemodialysis as ESRD ensues.
Case presentation: In this case report, a 48-year-old man with a pseudoaneurysms due to the insertion of a vascular access for hemodialysis, undergo repair pseudoaneurysms surgery under general anesthesia, at the Sanglah General Hospital, October 2020. The patient came with fully awareness, blood pressure 145/95 mmHg, heart rate 85 times per minute regular and oxygen saturation 97% with room air.
Conclusion: General anesthesia in patients with CKD requires an understanding of the pathologic changes that accompany renal disease, co-existing medical conditions, and the impact of reduced renal function on drug pharmacokinetics.
Flow volume measured by duplex ultrasound in native arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis: a case report
Authors: Kartika Ronald Winardi
Published: January 2022

Background : Native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the vascular access of choice for hemodialysis patients. AVF lasts longer than artificial grafts or central venous catheters. In addition, AVF has fewer complications than other vascular accesses. The use of Doppler ultrasound is used to facilitate fistula construction (vascular mapping) including AVF maturation to see if AVF can be used.

Doppler ultrasound monitoring for maturation of AV fistulas should be monitored sonographically until the fistula is ready for use, especially when maturation is slow and in patients whose veins cannot easily be assessed by physical examination alone (eg because of obesity). The AVF DUS flow volume measurement may be the only imaging tool that can be used to monitor a fistula even during its maturation. Even so, DUS should always be done before AVF is used for the first time. This examination provides baseline data on vascular access, which can be useful in subsequent tests performed to evaluate functional problems.

Case report : A man, 52 years old who has done AV Fitula two weeks ago. Currently patients are using a double lumen catheter (CDL) for routine hemodialysis. One day the patient had his CDL removed. Even though the patient feels thrill in the AV fistula, the nephrorologist still doubts whether the AV fistula is ripe and can be used. For this reason, a Duplex Ultrasound is performed to assess the diameter, velocity flow, PSV and TAMV  .By positioning the sample volume in the presumed stenosis site, the Doppler velocity test detects a systolic peak velocity.

Conclusion:  Color flow Doppler imaging should be used as a tool to screen for areas of high velocity and to aid in the optimal placement of the pulsed Doppler sample volume. The pulsed Doppler sample volume should be set at the smallest size possible to detect discrete changes in blood flow meanwhile doppler ultrasound should be use in monitoring for maturation of AV fistulas