bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O alcoolismo, suas causas e tratamento nas representações sociais de profissionais de Saúde da Família
Authors: Souza Luiz Gustavo Silva , Menandro Maria Cristina Smith , Menandro Paulo Rogério Meira
Published: February 2016

As ciências da saúde definem o alcoolismo como síndrome multifacetada. Para o tratamento, diretrizes preconizam a adoção do paradigma de redução de danos e o importante papel da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) junto aos problemas com o álcool. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo compreender representações sociais do alcoolismo construídas por profissionais de APS, atuando em Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF). Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 40 profissionais de nível superior, que atuavam em 11 diferentes USF de um município do Sudeste do Brasil, e análise de conteúdo temática. Destacam-se os seguintes resultados: os profissionais objetivavam o alcoolista como usuário que não demandava cuidado para essa condição e/ou que ameaçava o funcionamento das USF; consideravam causas sociais e psicológicas como as mais importantes; não mencionaram o conceito de redução de danos, nem fluxos bem definidos de tratamento. A discussão indica que a atribuição causal e o campo representacional próprio às representações sociais contribuíam para ancorar o alcoolismo como "chaga" da pobreza. As USF eram tidas simultaneamente como importantes e como impotentes frente ao alcoolismo. Conclui-se que a implantação de estratégias para problemas com o álcool na APS deve atentar para relações intergrupais entre profissionais e usuários.
Inorganic Phosphate Activates the AKT/mTORC1 Pathway and Shortens the Life Span of an α‑Klotho–Deficient Model
Authors: Kawai Masanobu , Kinoshita Saori , Ozono Keiichi , Michigami Toshimi
Published: February 2016

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of accelerated aging; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, we demonstrated in cultured cells and in vivo that increased levels of extracellular Pi activated the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway by suppressing membrane-bound phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) levels in a manner requiring the sodium-dependent Pi transporter PiT‑1. High levels of extracellular Pi also led to phosphorylation of Ser/Thr clusters in the C‑terminal tail of PTEN, which has been shown to dissociate PTEN from the membrane. Notably, blockade of mTORC1 activity by rapamycin treatment prolonged the life span of hyperphosphatemic α‑Klotho–deficient (Kl
−/−) mice. Dietary correction of hyperphosphatemia or treatment with rapamycin also rescued the brown adipose tissue dysfunction and oxidative damage observed in Kl
−/− mice. Furthermore, rapamycin treatment partially rescued these effects and extended the life span when Kl
−/− mice were maintained on a high-phosphate diet. Finally, rapamycin reduced circulating Pi levels in Kl
−/− mice, apparently by decreasing the localization of sodium-dependent Pi transport protein 2a at the renal brush border membrane. Therefore, the activation of mTORC1 may create a vicious loop that exacerbates the retention of Pi, which in turn may enhance oxidative damage and ultimately shorten the life span of Kl
−/− mice. These results demonstrate that Pi has important roles in the aging process, and the blockade of mTORC1 may have therapeutic potential for premature aging-like symptoms associated with hyperphosphatemia.
Effect of Immunosuppressive Drugs on Humoral Allosensitization after Kidney Transplant
Authors: Thaunat Olivier , Koenig Alice , Leibler Claire , Grimbert Philippe
Published: February 2016

The negative effect of donor-specific antibodies on the success of solid transplant is now clearly established. However, the lack of effective treatment to prevent the development of antibody-mediated lesions deepens the need for clinicians to focus on primary prevention of de novo humoral allosensitization. Among the factors associated with the risk of developing de novo donor–specific antibodies, therapeutic immunosuppression is the most obvious parameter in which improvement is possible. Beyond compliance and the overall depth of immunosuppression, it is likely that the nature of the drugs is also crucial. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular effect of the various immunosuppressive drugs on B cell biology. Clinical data related to the effect of these drugs on de novo humoral allosensitization are also examined, providing a platform from which clinicians can optimize immunosuppression for prevention of de novo donor–specific antibody generation at the individual level.
Thunderstorm Electrification
Authors: Bradshaw Stephanie Marie
Published: February 2016

Understanding how thunderstorms work is important as it can help assess risks associated with electrical activity in thunderstorms and electrical activity in other areas such as volcanic eruptions, heavy snowstorms, and large hurricanes.Â  We studied the electrification processes in thunderstorms by investigating literature resources to understand what was known about the electrification processes in thunderstorms.Â  The electrification processes were then studied by investigating what observations could be made using CAERENet (Carthage Atmospheric Electricity Research and Education Network) electric field mills to better understand how thunderstorms electrify.Â  In order to understand what could be observed about thunderstorm electrification with an electric field mill, we built mathematical models of electric charge, current, and electric field using Python.Â  A comparison between model data and electric field mill data will be used to better understand electrification processes in a naturally occurring thunderstorm.
Exploring the Capabilities of Drones for Undergraduate Research
Authors: Wheeler Erlan E.
Published: February 2016

Carthage College initiated a program to explore the use of drones in undergraduate research at a small, liberal-arts college. We provided an environment of â€œtoysâ€ for the students to explore and encouraged them to choose their own projects. Our experience was that projects involving mapping, 3D modeling, and programming were more successful than engineering-oriented projects, but this could be due to the expertise of the faculty facilitator. Overall, the experience was highly rewarding and educational to all involved.Â
Can Dark Matter Halos Change Shape? Examining the Adams Instability in Triaxial Systems
Authors: Dowling Evan
Published: February 2016

A recently discovered instability causes non-spherical orbits within dark matter halos to exponentially diverge into more spherical orbits.Â  The instability was studied in limited rÃ©gimes within the Adams et al. (2007) work.Â  This project has replicated and extend the ideas to a static potential system that is accurate to all distances away from the potentialâ€™s center as well as found an easy visualization for the arising instability.Â  A better understanding of dark mattersâ€™ behavior will help explain dark mattersâ€™ halo structure and mass distribution that surround galaxies.
Star Forming Rates and HI Gas Content in Galaxy Groups
Authors: Martens Sarah Katherine
Published: February 2016

We compare the star formation rates with the respective HI properties of 4854 galaxies in 743 different groups. Using data from the SDSS and the GALEX all sky survey (AIS) we measure the star formation rates and NUV-r colors as a function of the total group mass, position within the group, and HI content as derived from the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) survey. The NUV-r colors are consistent with star forming field galaxies. We show how the quenching of the star formation is correlated with galaxy HI content and how both are affected by a group environment.Â Â
Team Whoosh Generator 2015 WSGC Collegiate Rocket Competition
Authors: Johnson Eric
Published: February 2016

The objectives of the 2015 Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium (WSGC) Collegiate Rocket Competition were to design and build a â€œboosted dartâ€ high-powered rocket to allow the dart stage to reach the highest possible apogee and to conform to design restrictions and added design objectives. The rocket was required to use a Cesaroni I-445 motor as specified by WSGC, use a flight data recorder provided by WSGC, and be safely recovered in a flyable condition by use of a parachute system. The dart was required to be an unpowered upper stage that drag separates from the booster without imparting momentum onto the dart. In addition to the altimeters already on board, a noncommercial data acquisition system was required to record data on the rotation of the rocket in the X, Y, and Z axes over time. Finally, the rocket was required to record downward facing video of the flight starting at the time of launch.Included in this report are design details considered, anticipated performance, photos of constructed components, and flight results.
Three Dimensional NURBS Modeling and Fabrication of Rotorcraft Design
Authors: Ament Geoffrey
Published: February 2016

Before an aircraft is put into production, it must undergo a variety of tests inside a wind tunnel.Â  Rather than performing these tests on a full-scale plane, scaled models are often utilized.Â  Scaled models allow an aircraft to be tested in smaller facilities, can be built quickly, and can save money, as long as the physics being studied scale correctly.Â  Another use for aircraft models is to demonstrate how a model aircraft is built and tested in a wind tunnel,Â  showing aircraft interior and how the exterior mechanics operate. Â This paper will show the steps involved in building a model aircraft and what these models can be used for.Â  The model aircraft talked about in this paper include the Large Civil Tilt Rotor (LCTR2) and XV-15 Tilt Rotor Research Aircraft.Â  Models are either computer modeled from blueprints or provided by our mentor, Eduardo Solis.Â  The models are constructed using the program Rhino, prototyped in a MakerBot 3D printer, and finally 3D printed using the Dimension Elite printer and a laser cutter.Â  Four engineering interns worked on this project.Â  As Project Leader, I distributed the workload for the three major projects - the LCTR2 model, the XV-15 RotCFD model, and the 1/6-scale model of the 7- by 10-Foot Wind Tunnel.
Microwave Power Beaming using Ka-band Radar
Authors: Haugstad Travis , Nielsen Joel
Published: February 2016

Power is transferred wirelessly from a ground based microwave transmitter to a receiver flown on a platform attached to a tethered aerostat.Â  The signal is analyzed using consumer radar detection hardware and developed circuitry.Â  This signal is analyzed by a programmable microcontroller, or Arduino, and data is then transmitted to a logging computer on the ground via flight computer and base station.Â  Eventually, a rectenna and receiver will be developed to convert the microwaves to a useable voltage to power on-board instruments.Â Â  This technology could be employed as a means to reduce the need for on-board power supplies for CubeSats deployed by the International Space Station, on orbit solar power generation, solar power satellites, etc.Â
Recent Progress in Lunar Helium-3 Extraction Research
Authors: Olson Aaron David Sumaili
Published: February 2016

Research is ongoing to develop a prototype lunar volatiles extraction system that will demonstrate a process for acquiring helium-3 for future fusion power plants that would produce little to no radioactive waste, and other volatile gases that can be used for life support in space. The prototype system is called the Helium Extraction and Acquisition Test bed (HEAT). Â Testing of HEAT will focus on obtaining information on the rate of 3He extraction possible and to what extent thermal energy recovery can be employed in this kind of volatile extraction system.Â  Before demonstrating the evolution of 3He out of regolith simulant, simulant that is embedded to a known concentration must be available in order to gauge the performance of HEAT.Â  An implantation device is being developed to implant helium into batches of JSC-1A regolith simulant for HEAT. The implantation device under development is referred to as the Solar Wind Implanter (SWIM).
The Circulation of Ionized Gas in the Milky Way Galaxy
Authors: Eagon Andrew
Published: February 2016

We use the Wisconsin H-alpha Mapper (WHAM) all sky survey to observe kinematic properties of ionized interstellar gas in the Galaxy. WHAMâ€™s survey is a velocity resolved map of the H-alpha emission from the Milky Way with a one-degree spatial resolution and 12.8 km s-1 velocity resolution. Using this data the first and second moments are calculated and mapped to provide insight on the kinematic properties of the Galaxy. This research was funded by the Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium and supported by the NSF REU site grant to the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Riveting Hammer Vibration and Nerve Damage
Authors: Zimmerman Jordan
Published: February 2016

Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) is an occupational disease affecting 50% of riveting hammer operators after 10 years of work.1 Current international standards (ISO 5349) seeking to protect workers from occupational vibration are not effectively predicting HAVS onset.1â€“3 Scarce research has been done which investigates the long term effects of riveting hammer vibration exposure and nerve regeneration. The present study examines the effects of typical occupational vibrational exposure on cutaneous mechanosensory peripheral nerve populations (lanceolates) and as well as nerve bodies (dorsal root ganglion) that are responsible for nerve regeneration. A piezoelectric sensor-based data acquisition system is used rather than the traditional laser vibrometer. Although data analysis is not complete, current results show that the piezoelectric system is a viable means of vibrational analysis for both laboratory and workplace research. It records dominant kilohertz frequencies in the riveting hammer vibration signal which are currently overlooked by ISO 5349.
Preliminary Assessment of Low-cost Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) for Creating Aerial Photographs for Natural Resource Research
Authors: Compas Eric
Published: February 2016

The recent significant reduction in the cost of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) has expanded access to this technology to researchers in a variety of fields. For aerial mapping, UAS holds the promise to substantially increase the resolution of imagery and provide better control over when imagery is produced. In the natural resources, UAS could greatly expand the type of research questions that can be asked at a relatively low cost. This research assessed the utility and characteristics of low-cost UAS aerial photography for natural resource applications. Four craft, Â commercial fixed-wing and multirotor and handbuilt fixed-wing and multirotor, were tested in this study. Our findings conclude that UAS aerial photography is approximately 10x more detailed than traditional aerial photography, but issues with spatial accuracy and available flight weather may limit its use for some applications.
2015 Elijah High Altitude Balloon Launch Team Summer Proceedings Report
Authors: Kellogg Jadee , Petrie Jordan , Ochoa Daniel , Tirimacco Alana
Published: February 2016

The 2015 Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium Elijah High Altitude Balloon Launch Team is comprised of three students from Milwaukee School of Engineering and one student from Ripon College.Â  This year, all members of the team had experience with high altitude balloon launches due to previous participation on either the Elijah Payload or Launch Team, or both. Despite the previous experience, a training session was hosted by the 2014 Elijah Launch Team to familiarize the new team with the physical set up of a launch train as well as how to run track predictions and how to read the jet stream charts. Launches were planned for both Carthage College and the Elijah High Altitude Balloon Payload Team, but only the launch for the Payload Team came to fruition. This launch was successful, reaching a peak altitude of 31,021m.Â
Red Hawk Rocketry Boosted Dart
Authors: Izewski James Michael
Published: February 2016

As part of the Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium competition, Red Hawk Rocketry built a rocket for the Collegiate Rocket Launch Competitionâ€™s non-engineering contest. The launch went well, albeit a little unstable, veering in the direction of the wind. This was unexpected since within our RockSim files, our rocket was considerably over stable, so it should have turned into the wind. Its apogee was around 1000 feet due to the fact that our rocket was rather massive compared to other teams. However, because of its low apogee, we were able to easily locate and retrieve the rocket upon landing, as intended. Finally, all three aspects of the challenge were completed successfully; the dart separated, we were able to access mid-flight rotation data from our gyroscope, and we obtained on board, down looking video during the flight.Â
Pioneer Rocketry 2015 WSGC Collegiate Rocket Competition
Authors: Ellenberger Jake
Published: February 2016

The objective of the 2015 Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium (WSGC) Collegiate Rocket Competition was to design and build a two stage â€œBoosted Dart" - style rocket to achieve maximum altitude. The rocket was propelled by a single grain 54mm rocket motor (I445 Vmax). Extensive design and modeling was done to optimize the design to achieve maximum altitude. An electronic device designed to measure the rotation of the rocket that would then be correlated to rotation observed with video captured by a camera system.Â  The rocket performed as expected in most aspects, completing most objectives per competition parameters. The flight of the boosted dart however ended in failure, as a delayed ejection of the parachute resulted in compounding failures leading to the loss of the rocket. The camera, having fallen separate from the rocket body, had survived the flight. The video was analyzed and the flights apogee was estimated to be 6000ft. The following report details the design and construction of Pioneer Rocketryâ€™s 2015 competition rocket, along with information regarding Pioneer Rocketryâ€™s growth as both an educational and professional organization.Â
Predicting Collisionless Equlibria in Dark Matter Simulations
Authors: Ragan Robert
Published: February 2016

By using a transformation from phase-space variables to a set of orthogonal Hermite-Legendre polynomials, the dynamics of one-dimensional self-gravitating systems has been reduced to a linear set of equations. This transformation changes the long-range forces into local interactions in the new problem.Â  This makes it possible to determine the steady-state solutions by projecting the initial conditions into the time-independent solutions.
A Search for New Variable and Proper Motion Stars in the Galactic Disk
Authors: Benjamin Robert A
Published: February 2016

Mid-infrared observations of sections of the Galactic Plane with the NASA Spitzer Space Telescope at two widely spaced epochs (2004-5) and (2012-13) have opened up the possibility of a large-scale search for variable stars, proper motion stars, and transients. This has required developing a new research infrastructure to merge and compare the two epochs of observations, and has led to the discovery of a surprising number of variable sources (over 100,000) and high proper motion sources (over 400). We quantify the probability that a star observed in the mid-infrared will show variability at a certain amplitude. For stars with apparent infrared magnitude fainter than m=10, stars have a 0.6% probability of varying by more than 0.25 magnitudes, but this probability increases to 14% for stars with m=6. We also describe upcoming observations of the center of the Milky Way Galaxy.
Young Stellar Population of the Cygnus Star-Forming Field
Authors: LeMieux Henri
Published: February 2016

We provide homogeneous estimates of the color excess and distance to several open clusters located towardÂ  the prominent nebulosity Sh 2-109Â  in Cygnus. We found these clusters to form two layers at distances â€¦. LY from the Sun which has implication on the structure of the Cygnus star-forming field.
Onset of Normal Field Instability in a Ferrofluid in Microgravity
Authors: Gear Amelia , Rundle Tessa J , Barhite Justin , Rice Jordan
Published: February 2016

A ferrofluid is a magnetic liquid composed of nanoscale ferrous particles sus- pended in a low-viscosity carrier fluid. When subjected to a magnetic field, the surface of a ferrofluid deforms into peaks and valleys along the magnetic field lines. The onset of surface deformation is called the Normal Field Instability, and the theory describing the NFI identifies a critical magnetic field below which no magnetically driven surface deformations occur. This critical field depends on the gravitational acceleration and, according to the theory, should disappear as local gravitational acceleration approaches zero. Previous studies have been inconclusive on the existence of a critical magnetic field in reduced gravity. For our work, we designed a payload for a suborbital rocket mission which launched through the RockSat-C program. Our experiment incorporated a ferrofluid sam- ple and a uniform magnetic field which could be varied across a discrete range of value. During the microgravity portion of the rocketâ€™s flight, we obtained video of the ferrofluidâ€™s behavior to compare it to data taken in Earthâ€™s gravity.Â
Achieving Service innovation Through Market Orientation: The Role of Relationship Marketing and Knowledge Management
Authors: Ullah Asad , Ahmed Mansoora , V. Zhukov Dmitry
Published: February 2016

Market orientation is a widely discussed concept in marketing literature while relationship marketing has emerged as an important paradigm over the past decade. Research has shown the significance of relationship marketing for increased sales and enhanced organizational performance. On the other hand, knowledge management is also an important agenda for organizations. Prevalent approach of service dominant logic has raised the interest of researchers in studying service as science. Both manufacturing industry and service industry rely on service innovations for success and competitive advantage. This paper theoretically analyzes the role of market orientation, relationship marketing and knowledge management and proposes a theoretical framework for their combined effect on service innovation. The framework is proposed for researchers to conduct further empirical studies in order to test its validity in practical work environment.
The Moderating Effect of Technology Acceptance Perspectives on the Formation of e-SQ and Service Satisfaction in Low Cost Carrier Airline
Authors: Khairi Majid Muhammad , Bakri Norhani , Shazwani Laila Junaidi Nur , Roslan Buang Rahmat
Published: February 2016

As there is an increasing demand in public transportation and electronic transaction, the service quality of website determines the success of the service provider. Therefore, electronic service quality (e-SQ) plays an important role for any business involved in online transaction to attract customers. Customer’s assessment of e-SQ is usually based on their actual experiences of interaction with the website. According to previous research, there exists relationship between e-SQ and service satisfaction. The moderating effect of technology acceptance model (TAM) shows positive result. As e-SQ and TAM improve, this will, in turn, improve service satisfaction. However, the relationship between “e-SQ-TAM service satisfactions” has been found to be not consistent in the case of low cost carrier airline in Malaysia. With concern to further understanding of this area, the present study explores dimensions of e-SQ in low cost carrier airline context and their relationship with service satisfaction. Furthermore, the moderating effect of perceived ease-of-use and perceived usefulness (TAM) was explored. This study employed convenience sampling and questionnaire method to gain data; 392 completed questionnaires were gathered from Malaysia Airline Industry (low cost carrier) website users. The result indicated that e-SQ dimensions: customization, site privacy and aesthetic, efficiency, system availability and fulfillment constitute e-SQ for low cost carrier airline. Moreover, the result also illustrates that perceived ease-of-use and perceived usefulness (TAM) positively moderate the relationship between e-SQ and service satisfaction.
Valuation of Shares and Fair Value of the Companies Listed on the Wig20: Quoted On the Warsaw Stock Exchange in Poland within 2011-2015
Authors: Parvi Rafał
Published: February 2016

This paper examines share price of the companies listed on the WIG-20 and their fair value between 2005 and 2015. Data from 2005 to 2015 were collected from the Stooq.pl (Polish portal of shares). Two hypotheses are tested: (1) value of the shares based on the market price; (2) value of the shares as the fair value of shares.
Classroom Peer Influence From the Entire Class, Dominant Students, and Friends
Authors: Müller Christoph Michael , Hofmann Verena , Fleischli Janine , Studer Felix
Published: February 2016

Recent research indicates that the development of antisocial behavior among students is influenced by the behavioral characteristics of their classmates. However, not all peers in a given class may exert the same influence. Thus, we examined the extent to which individual development is predicted by the perceived proportion of all students with antisocial behavior in the classroom, socially dominant students, and friends. A short-term longitudinal study comprising 4 measurements was conducted on 7th-grade students. In total, 825 students completed self- and peer-reports on aggressive, delinquent, and disruptive classroom behavior. Longitudinal, multilevel negative binomial analyses showed that the perceived characteristics of the entire classroom, dominant students, and friends in one’s class significantly predicted self-reported aggressive and disruptive behavioral development but not delinquency. The impact of the 3 social groups under study in this regard did not differ significantly. Classroom effects were independent of students’ out-of-classroom friend influences.
Enhancing Creativity in the Educational Design Context: An Exploration of the Effects of Design Project-Oriented Methods on Students’ Evocation Processes and Creative Output
Authors: Bonnardel Nathalie , Didier John
Published: February 2016

One of the challenges in today’s society is to satisfy the growing need for creativity and innovation, especially in design contexts, where designers have to come up with products that are bothnewandadaptedto their users. Although designers’ professional experience is crucial, we consider that their creative skills can be nurtured in design schools. We therefore explored the effects of two types of design project-oriented methods, which were operationalized as specific courses offered to design students. As our objective was to determine the impact of this training on creativity, we looked at both the students’ evocation processes and their creative output. In thefirstof two studies, 32 design students had to perform the same creative design task, but half of them received training based on brainstorming principles and the other half training based on constraint management. Here, we focused our analysis on the students’ evocation processes. In thesecondstudy, we asked 16 teachers specializing in creative activities to assess the students’ output according to different criteria. These two studies showed that the two types of training had a differential impact and allowed us to explore relationships between constraints and ideas in creative design.
Chronic Mastitis, Mastalgia, and Breast Pain
Authors: Baeza Carmela
Published: February 2016

Whereas the management of acute mastitis seems clear, there is little scientific evidence to support management of chronic mastitis/breast pain. This article reviews bacteriological findings, their possible meanings, and their use in clinical settings. Clinical experience, newer and more accurate microbiological techniques, and the growing knowledge about our metagenome have many insights to offer.
Acute, Subclinical, and Subacute Mastitis
Authors: Baeza Carmela
Published: February 2016

There is a controversy about the origin, definition, and types of acute mastitis, breast pain, and their clinical management. This article reviews current definitions, bacteriological findings, their possible meanings, and their use in clinical settings as well as the latest evidence-based clinical management guidelines.
Evaluating the Measurement Structure of the Abbreviated HIV Stigma Scale in a Sample of African Americans Living With HIV/AIDS
Authors: Johnson Eboneé T. , Yaghmaian Rana A. , Best Andrew , Chan Fong , Burrell Reginald
Published: February 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the 10-item version of the HIV Stigma Scale (HSS-10) in a sample of African Americans with HIV/AIDS.

Method: One hundred and ten African Americans living with HIV/AIDS were recruited from 3 case management agencies in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Measurement structure of the HSS-10 was evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

Results: Factor analysis results support a 2-factor factorial structure for the HSS-10 (social stigma and self-stigma). The HSS-10 demonstrates good reliability and factorial validity, and it correlates moderately with related constructs in the expected directions.

Conclusion: HSS-10 is a brief, reliable, and valid instrument for assessing HIV stigma and can be used as a clinical rehabilitation and research tool to assess the contribution of stigma as a major cause of health disparities and outcomes in African Americans living with HIV/AIDS.
Physical Activity Patterns Among U.S. Adults With Disabilities
Authors: Chiu Chung-Yi , An Ruopeng
Published: February 2016

Purpose: To characterize physical activity patterns among people with disabilities using data from a nationally representative health survey.

Method: Individual-level data came from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2011 survey. Pearson’s chi-squared tests were conducted to assess the difference in the proportion distribution of individual characteristics between each of the 4 disability categories and the population without disability. Conditional on their statistical significance, 2 sample proportion tests were performed on individual demographics including gender, age group, and race/ethnicity.

Results: Compared to people without disabilities, the prevalence of physical inactivity was substantially higher among people with disabilities. Walking and gardening were the most common physical activities among people with disabilities. Physical activity patterns varied significantly across gender, age, race/ethnicity, and disability categories.

Conclusion: Ecological interventions to promote physical activity engagement in people with disabilities should be mindful of the feasibility, acceptability, and accessibility for this specific and particularly vulnerable population.
Social Cognitive and Planned Behavior Variables Associated With Stages of Change for Physical Activity in Spinal Cord Injury: A Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Keegan John , Ditchman Nicole , Dutta Alo , Chiu Chung-Yi , Muller Veronica , Chan Fong , Kundu Madan
Published: February 2016

Purpose:To apply the constructs of social cognitive theory (SCT) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to understand the stages of change (SOC) for physical activities among individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI).

Method:Ex post facto design using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The participants were 144 individuals with SCI who completed an online SCT, TPB, and SOC for physical activities survey.

Results:Participants in the preintender, intender, and actor groups differed significantly in functional disability, secondary health conditions, exercise self-efficacy, perceived benefits and barriers, intention, and physical health.

Conclusion:Findings support the concept of stage-matching exercise and physical activity cognitive behavioral interventions for people with SCI.
Initiation of coconut cell suspension culture from shoot meristem derived embryogenic calli: A preliminary study
Authors: Bhavyashree U. , Lakshmi Jayaraj K. , Muralikrishna K. S. , Sajini K. K. , Rajesh M. K. , Karun Anitha
Published: February 2016

An attempt was made to establish highly competent embryogenic cell suspension culture in coconut, a species recalcitrant to in vitro culture. Embryogenic calli were initiated from shoot meristem explants of coconut. Y3 medium supplemented with 2.4-D (4.5 μM) and glutamine (34.2 μM) was found to be the best medium to initiate cell suspension. Growth evaluation was done by packed cell volume (PCV) and it was found that maximum growth volume of 9.9% was reached at 200 days of culture initiation. About 52% of viable cells were detected through fluorescent microscopy. Cell aggregation was noticed in Y3 medium supplemented with glutamine (34.2 μM), malt extract (100mg/l), biotin (40.9 μM) and kinetin (9.3 μM), but further progress could not be achieved. It was also observed that embryogenic calli were not of a friable type, but were associated with densely aggregated cells. Because of its hard nature, we were unsuccessful to obtain high quality cell suspension.
From the Editors
Authors: Eger, III Robert J. , Edwards Vickie , Kleinschmit Stephen
Published: February 2016

Introduction to the journal from the editors and MPAC president.
Effective Social Media Engagement for Nonprofits: What Matters?
Authors: Carboni Julia L , Maxwell Sarah P.
Published: February 2016

We employ public management relationship theory to examine how nonprofits can effectively engage social media stakeholders in two-way communication. Though many nonprofit organizations have a social media presence, there is variance in how well organizations use social media to engage stakeholders. Simply having a social media presence is not enough to engage stakeholders.  We examine Facebook posts of a stratified random sample of youth development organizations to determine what predicts stakeholder engagement. We find the type of Facebook post is a significant predictor of stakeholder engagement.  Longer posts also significantly predict increased stakeholder engagement.  At the organizational level, having many posts is a significant negative predictor of stakeholder engagement, indicating that users may feel bombarded and are less likely to engage.  Increased organizational spending on advertising as a proportion of total budget is positively associated with stakeholder engagement.
Introduction to the Indiana ASPA Symposium
Authors: Faulk Dagney , Taylor Charles
Published: February 2016

Introduction to the Indiana ASPA Symposium.
From the Editors
Authors: Eger, III Robert J.
Published: February 2016

Introduction to the issue from the editor.
Philanthropy Supporting Government: An Analysis of Local Library Funding
Authors: Schatteman Alicia , Bingle Ben
Published: February 2016

Although a public agency, many libraries seek additional resources beyond municipal taxes.  This paper explores library funding and their reliance on philanthropic revenue to supplement public tax dollars. Data from the Institute of Museum and Library Services Survey are combined with financial information from library friends and foundation nonprofit organizations to understand the extent to which public libraries in Illinois are supported by philanthropic funds. A survey of library directors is used to provide additional context. The findings suggest a geographic disparity in finances among libraries in Illinois and the need for new theories to explain “donation over taxation.”
Nailing Shut the Policy Window: The Policy Evolution of America’s First Urban School Voucher Program
Authors: Ford Michael
Published: February 2016

This article describes the origins and evolution of the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program, arguing that voucher policy in Milwaukee continues to exist long after the policy window that enabled its creation closed.  The author, using the framework of public policy windows, concludes that under certain conditions untested policy initiatives can lead to policy paralysis.  The study is of interest to legislators considering new and untested policy initiatives, program evaluators, and scholars interested in the history of school voucher policy.
Discrete mixed subdomain least squares (DMSLS) meshless method with collocation points for modeling dam-break induced flows
Authors: Fazli Malidareh Babak , Abbas Hosseini Seyed , Jabbari Ebrahim
Published: February 2016

This paper presents a new meshless numerical scheme to overcome the problem of shock waves and to apply boundary conditions in cases of dam-break flows in channels with constant and variable widths. The numerical program solves shallow water equations based on the discrete mixed subdomain least squares (DMSLS) meshless method with collocation points. The DMSLS meshless method is based on the minimization of a least squares functional defined as the weighted summation of the squared residuals of the governing equations over the entire domain and requiring the summation of residual function to be zero at collocation points in boundary subdomains. The collocated discrete subdomain meshless method is applied on the boundary, whereas the collocated discrete least squares meshless technique is applied to the interior domain. The meshless scheme extends for dam-break formulation of shallow water equations. The model is verified by comparing computed results with analytical and experimental data for constant and varying width channels. The developed model is also used to study one-dimensional dam-break problems involving different flow situations by considering changes to the channel width, a bumpy channel with various downstream boundary conditions, and the effects of bed friction and bed slope as source terms on wave propagation. The accuracy of the results is acceptable.
Pre-event water contributions to runoff events of different magnitude in pre-alpine headwaters
Authors: Fischer Benjamin M. C. , Stähli Manfred , Seibert Jan
Published: February 2016

Precipitation and catchment characteristics of mountainous headwaters can vary largely within short distances. It remains unclear how these two factors determine the contribution of event water and pre-event water to stormflow. We investigated this in five neighboring headwaters with high annual precipitation amounts (>2,000 mm y−1) in a steep pre-alpine region in Switzerland. Rainfall and streamwater of 13 different rainstorms were sampled (P: 5 mm intervals, Q: 12 to 51 samples per events) to perform a two-component isotope hydrograph separation. Pre-event water contributions based on δ18O or δ2H computation were similar. The pre-event water contributions of headwaters depended largely on rainfall (amount and intensity) and varied more between events than between catchments, despite clear differences in land cover between the catchments. Furthermore, antecedent wetness was not found to control pre-event water contribution. With increasing rainfall amount, the proportion of rainfall in runoff increased and changed from pre-event to event water dominated. The variable rainfall amount and small active storage (organic soil horizon, 20–50 cm) resulted in a threshold in the upper soil horizon with subsequently more variable pre-event water contribution. Our results show the necessity of sampling in different headwaters and events to better understand controlling factors in runoff generation.
Challenges of public water provision in Nigerian cities: a review
Authors: Ohwo Odafivwotu
Published: February 2016

In spite of the importance of adequate water quality and quantity for human health and survival, public water supply coverage in Nigerian cities appears to be decreasing and deteriorating. Hence, this study was designed to assess the challenges of public water provision in Nigerian cities. Some of the reasons for this deterioration include: inadequate water supply policy, lack of autonomy for the various State Water Agencies (SWAs), corruption in the water sector, poor infrastructure investment and maintenance, deficiencies in pipe distribution networks and inadequate power supply. These challenges can be addressed if certain measures are taken to improve the operation, maintenance and sustainability of the various SWAs’ supply networks. Such measures may include the undertaking of routine and preventive maintenance such as leak detection and repair. There should be increased funding by government through adequate infrastructural investment, tackling of corruption and the granting of true autonomy to the SWAs in tariff setting, staff recruitment and discipline, and improvement of electricity supply to the various SWAs in Nigeria. These measures could place public water provision on a sustainable path and help to reduce the burden of water-borne diseases in Nigeria.
Prediction of side weir discharge coefficient by support vector machine technique
Authors: Azamathulla Hazi Mohammad , Haghiabi Amir Hamzeh , Parsaie Abbas
Published: February 2016

Side weirs have many possible applications in the field of hydraulic engineering. They are also considered an important structure in hydro systems. In this study, the support vector machine (SVM) technique was employed to predict the side weir discharge coefficient. The performance of SVM was compared with other types of soft computing techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS). While ANN and ANFIS models provided a good prediction performance, the SVM model with a radial basis function kernel function outperforms them. The best SVM model was developed with a gamma coefficient and epsilon of 15 and 0.3, respectively. The SVM yielded a coefficient of determination (R2) equal to 0.96 and 0.93 for the training and testing data. Sensitivity analyses of the ANN, ANFIS and SVM models showed that the Froude number and ratio of weir length to the flow depth upstream of the weir are the most effective parameters for the prediction of the discharge coefficient.
Isolation, identification, and algicidal activity of aerobic denitrifying bacterium R11 and its effect on Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Su Jun-feng , Shao Si-cheng , Huang Ting-lin , Ma Fang , Zhang Kai , Wen Gang , Zheng Sheng-chen
Published: February 2016

Recently, algicidal bacteria have attracted attention as possible agents for the inhibition of algal water blooms. In this study, an aerobic denitrifying bacterium, R11, with high algicidal activity against the toxic Microcystis aeruginosa was isolated from lake sediments. Based on its physiological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence, it was identified as Raoultella, indicating that the bacterium R11 has a good denitrifying ability at 30 °C and can reduce the concentration of nitrate-N completely within 36 h. Additionally, different algicidal characteristics against Microcystis aeruginosa were tested. The results showed that the initial bacterial cell density and algal cell densities strongly influence the removal rates of chlorophyll a. Algicidal activity increased with an increase in the bacterial cell density. With densities of bacterial culture at over 2.4 × 105 cell/mL, algicidal activity of up to 80% was obtained in 4 days. We have demonstrated that, with the low initial algal cell density (OD680 less than 0.220), the algicidal activity reached was higher than 90% after 6 days.
Culturally Responsive School Leadership
Authors: Khalifa Muhammad A. , Gooden Mark Anthony , Davis James Earl
Published: February 2016

Culturally responsive school leadership (CRSL) has become important to research on culturally responsive education, reform, and social justice education. This comprehensive review provides a framework for the expanding body of literature that seeks to make not only teaching, but rather the entire school environment, responsive to the schooling needs of minoritized students. Based on the literature, we frame the discussion around clarifying strands—critical self-awareness, CRSL and teacher preparation, CRSL and school environments, and CRSL and community advocacy. We then outline specific CRSL behaviors that center inclusion, equity, advocacy, and social justice in school. Pulling from literature on leadership, social justice, culturally relevant schooling, and students/communities of color, we describe five specific expressions of CRSL found in unique communities. Finally, we reflect on the continued promise and implications of CRSL.
Can selection on a male mating character result in evolutionary change? A selection experiment on California wild radish, Raphanus sativus
Authors: Marshall Diane L. , Evans Ann S.
Published: February 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Whenever more pollen grains arrive on stigmas than necessary to fertilize ovules, sexual selection is possible. However, the role of sexual selection remains controversial, in part because of lack of evidence on genetic bases of traits and the response of relevant characters to selection.

METHODS:

In an experiment with Raphanus sativus, we selected on tendency to sire seeds in the stylar or basal regions of fruits. This character is likely related to pollen tube growth rate, and seed position affects rates of abortion and seed predation. We measured differences among families in seed siring and related characters and evaluated responses to selection.

KEY RESULTS:

All replicates showed strong effects of pollen donor family on proportion of seeds sired per fruit in mixed pollinations. Most also showed effects of pollen donor family on number of pollen grains per flower and pollen diameter. Two of four replicates showed a response to selection on position of seeds sired. In responding replicates, we found trade‐offs in pollen grain size and number; plants with larger pollen grains sired more seeds in the basal region.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our data suggest a genetic basis for pollen donor ability to sire seeds in competition. The significant response to selection in two replicates shows that position of seeds sired can respond to selection. Thus, all components for sexual selection to occur and affect traits are present. Variation in results among replicates might be due to changes in greenhouse conditions. Environmental effects may contribute to the maintenance of variation in these fitness‐related characters.