bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised feature selection via two-way ordering
in gene expression analysis
Authors: Ding Chris H.Q.
Published: June 2003

Motivation: Selection of genes most relevant and informative for certain phenotypes is an important aspect in gene expression analysis. Most current methods select genes based on known phenotype information. However, certain set of genes may correspond to new phenotypes which are yet unknown, and it is important to develop novel effective selection methods for their discovery without using any prior phenotype information.

Results: We propose and study a new method to select relevant genes based on their similarity information only. The method relies on a mechanism for discarding irrelevant genes. A two-way ordering of gene expression data can force irrelevant genes towards the middle in the ordering and thus can be discarded. Mechanisms based on variance and principal component analysis are also studied. When applied to expression profiles of colon cancer and leukemia, the unsupervised method outperforms the baseline algorithm that simply uses all genes, and it also selects relevant genes close to those selected using supervised methods.

Supplement: More results and software are online: http://www.nersc.gov/~cding/2way

Contact: chqding@lbl.gov

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Graphical methods for class prediction using
dimension reduction techniques on DNA microarray data
Authors: Bura Efstathia , Pfeiffer Ruth M.
Published: June 2003

Motivation: We introduce simple graphical classification and prediction tools for tumor status using gene-expression profiles. They are based on two dimension estimation techniques sliced average variance estimation (SAVE) and sliced inverse regression (SIR). Both SAVE and SIR are used to infer on the dimension of the classification problem and obtain linear combinations of genes that contain sufficient information to predict class membership, such as tumor type. Plots of the estimated directions as well as numerical thresholds estimated from the plots are used to predict tumor classes in cDNA microarrays and the performance of the class predictors is assessed by cross-validation. A microarray simulation study is carried out to compare the power and predictive accuracy of the two methods.

Results: The methods are applied to cDNA microarray data on BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers as well as sporadic tumors from Hedenfalk et al. (2001). All samples are correctly classified.

Contact: ebura@gwu.edu

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Mentoring, organizational commitment and intentions to leave public accounting
Authors: Lynn Stallworth H.
Published: June 2003

This study evaluates the usefulness of a multidimensional conceptualization of organizational commitment in the public accounting environment and examines the influence of mentoring relationships on each of these dimensions. An integrated examination of antecedent variables for each of the dimensions of organizational commitment, as well as the consequence of intention to leave the public accounting organization, was conducted. Results suggest that while organizational commitment in the public accounting environment can be conceptualized in terms of affective, moral and economic attachment to the firm, affective commitment is the most descriptive of these constructs. While mentoring relationships have a positive impact on each of the dimensions of commitment, affective commitment is most influenced. Affective commitment in the public accounting workplace develops as a result of distinct antecedent experiences and has direct implications for the consequence of interest and intentions to leave.
Fractal Geometry of Helicity Amplitude
Authors: Mohanty S. , Nayak S. N.
Published: June 2003

Fractal geometry is in use to get lucid and visual explanation of many a natural and complex phenomena. High Energy Scattering process is quite complex a happening in science. Several methods are available to explain the events linked with high energy scattering. Mohanty et al.4 have tried using a method named Optimized Polynomial Expansion Technique to study the characteristics of hyperon-nucleon scattering. The present paper attempts to study the same in analysing its mathematical function as a fractal exposition. Here the analyticity property of helicity amplitude is treated using fractal theory and it is found that the function is analytic and the domain of analyticity is also an ellipse. The fractal geometry of this function presents a typical Julia Dragon set which looks like a San Marcos Dragon as per Mandelbrot6 and has Mandelbrot-like sets as well as Julia sets carved inside it.
Symbolic Dynamics for IFS Attractors
Authors: Bahar Sonya
Published: June 2003

It has recently been shown that a modified iterated function system (IFS) is capable of generating closed orbits which undergo bifurcation and transition to a chaotic regime as control parameters are varied.1,2 Here we show that driving such an IFS by a partition of itself creates maps which can be characterized by a symbolic dynamics. Forbidden words are determined for this dynamics under various parameter values, and the implications of this mapping are discussed.
Identifications and Dimension of the Rauzy Fractal
Authors: Sirvent Víctor F.
Published: June 2003

In this paper we describe explicitly the identifications on the boundary of the Rauzy fractal that makes it a fundamental domain of the two-dimensional torus, for the action of the lattice Z2 on the plane. Using these identifications, we give a new way to compute the Hausdorff dimension of the Rauzy fractal. Also, we compute the Hausdorff dimension of the realization of the boundary of the Rauzy fractal on the interval.
Projected Measures: A Simple Way to Characterize Fractal Structures and Interfaces
Authors: Giona Massimiliano , Giustiniani Manuela , Patierno Oreste
Published: June 2003

The properties of projected measures of fractal objects are investigated in detail. In general, projected measures display multifractal features which play a role in the evolution of dynamic phenomena on/through fractal structures. Closed-form results are obtained for the moment hierarchy of model fractal interfaces. The distinction between self-similar and self-affine interfaces is discussed by considering the properties of multifractal spectra, the orientational effects in the behavior of the moment hierarchies, and the scaling of the corresponding Fourier transforms. The implications of the properties of projected measures in the characterization of transfer phenomena across fractal interfaces are briefly analyzed.
Self-injury attendances in the accident and emergency department
Authors: Horrocks Judith , Price Sally , House Allan , Owens David
Published: June 2003

Background

Self-injury is a neglected area of self-harm research and we know little about its epidemiology, hospital care and outcome.

Aims

To provide epidemiological data on self-injury and compare hospital management of self-injury with that for self-poisoning.

Method

Data were collected on all self-harm attendances to the general hospitals in Leeds over an 18-month period.

Results

People attending hospital for self-injury or self-poisoning do not form mutually exclusive groups. There were higher proportions of self-injury episodes compared with self-poisoning, where a history of self-harm or contact with mental health services had been recorded. Fewer psychosocial assessments were carried out after episodes of self-injury compared with self-poisoning but, when they were, follow-up was recommended more often.

Conclusions

The clinical importance of self-injury is not mirrored by the level of psychosocial assessment and after-care provided.
Spontaneous dyskinesia in first-degree relatives of chronically ill, never-treated people with schizophrenia
Authors: McCreadie Robin G. , Thara Rangaswamy , Srinivasan Tirupati N. , Padmavathi Ramachandra
Published: June 2003

Background

We have suggested recently that there may be a subgroup of schizophrenia, namely schizophrenia with dyskinesia and striatal pathology Might movement disorders be more common in relatives of those with schizophrenia and dyskinesia than in relatives of those without dyskinesia?

Aims

To determine the prevalence of abnormal movements in first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia who themselves do or do not have abnormal movements.

Method

Chronically ill, never-treated people with schizophrenia in south India (n=70) and their first-degree relatives (n=181) were examined for dyskinesia using the Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS) and for parkinsonism by the Simpson and Angus scale.

Results

Of all relatives, 25 (14%) had dyskinetic movements in at least one body area and 6 (3%) had parkinsonism. Siblings of people with schizophrenia and dyskinesia, compared with siblings of people without dyskinesia, had a higher total AIMS score and more had mild dyskinetic movements in at least one area (5/15 v. 3/34, P=0.04). There were no between-group differences in parkinsonism.

Conclusions

Dyskinesia but not parkinsonism is more common in siblings of people with schizophrenia who have the corresponding movement disorder.
Early intervention service for non-abusing parents of victims of child sexual abuse
Authors: Forbes Fiona , Duffy John C. , Mok Jacqueline , Lemvig Jette
Published: June 2003

Background

Childhood sexual abuse is a non-specific risk factor for psychopathological disorders in childhood and later life. The response of non-abusing parents to disclosure of abuse may influence the child's outcome.

Aims

To assess the level of psychopathological symptoms in parents and children following disclosure of sexual abuse and the changes following a parental treatment intervention.

Method

Parents completed standardised rating scales about their own and their child's symptoms. These were repeated following the intervention.

Results

Thirty-nine parents of 31 children completed scales at the baseline assessment; 18 repeated these following interventions. Initially, parents reported high rates of psychopathological symptoms in themselves and their children, which were reduced following the intervention.

Conclusions

This study confirms the high rates of psychopathological symptoms found in parents of children following disclosure of sexual abuse. Children clinically identified for intervention had higher measured levels of psychopathological symptoms. Targeted treatment interventions are needed.
Dose-Intense Chemotherapy Every 2 Weeks With Dose-Intense Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, and Prednisone May Improve Survival in Intermediate- and High-Grade Lymphoma: A Phase II Study of the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG 9349)
Authors: Blayney Douglas W. , LeBlanc Michael L. , Grogan Thomas , Gaynor Ellen R. , Chapman Robert A. , Spiridonidis C. Harris , Taylor Sarah A. , Bearman Scott I. , Miller Thomas P. , Fisher Richard I.
Published: June 2003

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that therapy of intermediate- and high-grade (excluding Burkitt lymphoblastic) lymphoma with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) could be safely dose-intensified with routine filgrastim support.

Patients and Methods: Eligible patients were those who were previously untreated and who had either bulky stage II, or stage III or IV lymphoma with working formulation histology D, E, F, G, H, or J; performance status ≤ 2; and acceptable end organ function. No upper age limit was specified. Therapy was dose-intensified CHOP (CHOP-DI) with filgrastim support. Each course was repeated every 14 days for six planned courses.

Results: Eighty-eight eligible patients were treated with CHOP-DI and had a median follow-up of 5.1 years on this phase II study, designated Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) 9349. The progression-free survival was 51% at 2 years and 41% at 5 years. The overall survival was 60% at 5 years. Three fatal treatment-related events occurred. One patient with myelodysplastic syndrome was reported.

Conclusion: Treatment with CHOP-DI can be safely administered in the cooperative group setting and results in improved survival. Estimated overall survival at 5 years was 14% better than that of patients treated with standard-dose CHOP in an earlier SWOG study, although progression-free survival of 60% at 2 years—the prespecified end point—was not achieved. CHOP-DI, given every 2 weeks at escalated doses, is a strategy that should be tested in a future randomized clinical trial in lymphoma.
Expression Level of Valosin-Containing Protein Is Strongly Associated With Progression and Prognosis of Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Yamamoto Shinji , Tomita Yasuhiko , Hoshida Yoshihiko , Takiguchi Shuji , Fujiwara Yoshiyuki , Yasuda Takushi , Yano Masahiko , Nakamori Shoji , Sakon Masato , Monden Morito , Aozasa Katsuyuki
Published: June 2003

Purpose: Valosin-containing protein (VCP; also known as p97) was shown to be associated with antiapoptotic function and metastasis via activation of nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway. In this study, association of VCP expression with recurrence of gastric carcinoma (GC), in which lymphatic vessels are the main route of spread, was examined.

Patients and Methods: VCP expression in 330 patients with GC (242 males and 88 females) with ages ranging from 26 to 81 years (median, 60 years) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, in which staining intensity in tumor cells was categorized as weaker (level 1) or equal to or stronger (level 2) than that in endothelial cells.

Results: Ninety-four (28.7%) patient cases showed level 1 and 233 patient cases (71.3%) showed level 2 VCP expression. Patients with level 2 expression showed higher rates of large tumor size (P < .0001), undifferentiated histologic subtype (P < .05), presence of vascular and lymphatic invasion (P < .0001 for both), presence of lymph node metastasis (P < .0001), deep tumor invasion (P < .0001), and poorer disease-free and overall survivals (P < .0001 for both) compared with those with level 1 VCP expression. Multivariate analysis revealed VCP expression level as an independent prognosticator for disease-free and overall survival. VCP level was an indicator for disease-free and overall survival in the early (pT1; P < .01 and P < .05, respectively) and advanced (pT2–4; P < .05 for both) group of pathologic tumor-node-metastasis system classification.

Conclusion: The prognostic significance of VCP expression level in GC was demonstrated.
Nuclear translocation of activated MAP kinase is developmentally regulated in the developingDrosophilaeye
Authors: Kumar Justin P. , Hsiung Frank , Powers Maureen A. , Moses Kevin
Published: June 2003

In proneural groups of cells in the morphogenetic furrow of the developing Drosophila eye phosphorylated mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)antigen is held in the cytoplasm for hours. We have developed a reagent to detect nuclear MAPK non-antigenically and report our use of this reagent to confirm that MAPK nuclear translocation is regulated by a second mechanism in addition to phosphorylation. This `cytoplasmic hold' of activated MAPK has not been observed in cell culture systems. We also show that MAPK cytoplasmic hold has an essential function in vivo: if it is overcome, developmental patterning in the furrow is disrupted.
Echinoid is essential for regulation of Egfr signaling and R8 formation during Drosophila eye development
Authors: Spencer Susan A. , Cagan Ross L.
Published: June 2003

Precisely regulated Egfr activity is essential for normal development and cell differentiation. We demonstrate that the transmembrane protein Echinoid is required to downregulate Egfr activity in the developing Drosophila eye, ensuring a normal array of R8 photoreceptor neurons. Echinoid is an L1-type transmembrane molecule that is expressed in all cells of the eye imaginal discs and, unlike many other Egfr inhibitors, does not appear to be regulated transcriptionally. Echinoid co-precipitates with Egfr from cultured cells and eye imaginal discs, and Egfr activity promotes tyrosine phosphorylation of Echinoid. These observations suggest that Echinoid inhibits Egfr through direct interactions.
Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas Functionalized with Sulfonic Acid Group. Synthesis and Alkylation of Phenol
Authors: Yuan Xingdong , Lee Hyung Ik , Kim Jin Won , Yie Jae Eui , Kim Ji Man
Published: June 2003

Periodic mesoporous organosilicas have been successfully functionalized with sulfonic acid groups. The resulting materials exhibit much higher catalytic activity than ZSM-5 zeolite and higher catalytic stability than MCM-41 functionalized with the same group.
Effective Recovery of Nd–Fe–B Sintered Magnet Scrap Powders as Microwave Absorbing Materials
Authors: Machida Ken-ichi , Masuda Masahiro , Itoh Masahiro , Horikawa Takashi
Published: June 2003

Effective recovery processes for the Nd–Fe–B sintered magnet scrap (sludge) powders as α-Fe/Nd2O3 nanocomposite magnetic particles were established, so that the resin-bonded sheets produced from them showed good microwave absorption properties over a range of 4–8 GHz.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Oxidation Catalysis of a Novel Dawson Polyoxometalate-supported Platinum(II) Complex, [{Pt(cod)}(P2W15V3O62)]7− (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene)
Authors: Nomiya Kenji , Torii Hideki , Kato Chika Nozaki , Sado Yuh
Published: June 2003

A novel Dawson polyoxotungstate-based organometallic platinum(II) complex, [{Pt(cod)}(P2W15V3O62)]7− (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene), which showed effective catalytic activity for oxidation of cyclohexanol with 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide, was synthesized and spectroscopically characterized.
Stereospecific Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of endo-Dicyclopentadiene by Schrock–Hoveyda Catalyst and Novel Mo- and W-based Complexes. Development of Crystalline Hydrogenated Poly(endo-dicyclopentadiene)
Authors: Hayano Shigetaka , Kurakata Hiroshi , Uchida Daisuke , Sakamoto Masato , Kishi Naoya , Matsumoto Hirokazu , Tsunogae Yasuo , Igarashi Ichiro
Published: June 2003

Novel crystalline polymer, crystalline hydrogenated poly(endo-dicyclopentadiene), was developed on the basis of the development of new cis- and iso-specific ROMP catalysts such as MoO(rac-5,5′,6,6′-Me4-3,3′-t-Bu2-2,2′-biphenolate)2.
Are uniform assessments for generic advertising optimal if products are differentiated?
Authors: Crespi John M. , Marette Stéphan
Published: June 2003

An analytical framework where consumers display preferences for various qualities of an agricultural commodity is used to investigate the producer welfare effects of generic advertising assessments. Depending upon the degree of differentiation present in the final goods, some producers are shown to benefit more than others from the use of a uniform, per‐unit assessment on all producers. This article delineates those cases where producer assessments should be equal and where assessments should be different to insure an equitable benefit. [EconLit citations: Q130, L110]. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 19: 367–377, 2003.
Synthesis and characterization of modified chitosan microspheres: Effect of the grafting ratio on the controlled release of nifedipine through microspheres
Authors: Kumbar Sangamesh G. , Aminabhavi Tejraj M.
Published: June 2003

The grafting of acrylamide onto a chitosan backbone was carried out at three acrylamide concentrations (polymer/monomer ratio = 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3). The synthesis of the grafted polymer was achieved by K2S2O8‐induced free‐radical polymerization. Microspheres of polyacrylamide‐g‐chitosan crosslinked with glutaraldehyde were prepared to encapsulate nifedipine (NFD), a calcium channel blocker and an antihypertensive drug. The microspheres of polyacrylamide‐g‐chitosan were produced by a water‐in‐oil emulsion technique with three different concentrations of glutaraldehyde as the crosslinking agent. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize the grafted copolymers, and the microspheres were prepared from them. FTIR and DSC were also used to analyze the extent of crosslinking. The microspheres were characterized by the particle size; the water transport into these microspheres, as well as the equilibrium water uptake, were studied. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the spherical nature of the particles, which had a mean particle size of 450 μm. Individual particle dynamic swelling experiments suggested that with an increase in crosslinking, the transport became case II. The release of NFD depended on the crosslinking of the network and on the amount of drug loading. Calculating the drug diffusion coefficients with the initial time and later time approximation method further supported this. The drug release in all 27 formulations followed case II transport, and this suggested that the time dependence of the NFD release followed zero‐order kinetics. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2940–2949, 2003
Miscibility studies of epoxy/unsaturated polyester resin blend in chloroform by viscosity, ultrasonic velocity, and refractive index methods
Authors: Rajulu A. Varada , Devi L. Ganga , Rao G. Babu
Published: June 2003

Miscibility studies of blends of epoxy with unsaturated polyester resin in chloroform were carried out by viscosity, ultrasonic velocity, and refractive methods at 30°C. By using viscosity data, the interaction parameters were computed, which indicated that epoxy/unsaturated polyester resin blends were miscible. The miscibility was further confirmed by the ultrasonic velocity and refractive index methods. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2970–2972, 2003
Phosphorylated cation‐exchangers from cotton stalks and their constituents
Authors: Nada Abd‐Allah M. A. , Hassan Mohammad L.
Published: June 2003

Cation‐exchangers were prepared by phosphorylation of cotton stalks and their isolated constituents (lignin, soda‐anthraquinone pulp, and bleached cellulose pulp). FTIR spectra of the phosphorylated materials showed new absorption bands at 950–1200 cm−1 of the COP bonds as a result of phosphorylation. The adsorption of different heavy metal ions (lead, copper, nickel, cobalt, chromium, and cadmium) at different metal ion concentrations (50–1500 μg) by the phosphorylated cotton stalks was studied. The adsorption of metal ions by the phosphorylated cotton stalks increased by increasing their concentration. The binding capacity of phosphorylated cellulose, lignin, and soda‐anthraquinone pulp was measured at 1000 μg metal ion concentration. The adsorption of the different heavy metal ions by phosphorylated‐lignin and ‐bleached cellulose pulp was higher than that of phosphorylated cotton stalks. Thermogravimetric analysis of the raw and phosphorylated cotton stalks showed that the resistance of the phosphorylated cotton stalks to thermal degradation was higher than that of raw cotton stalks (lower rate of weight loss), despite the lower degradation onset temperature of the phosphorylated cotton stalks. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2950–2956, 2003
Structure and properties of ultraviolet‐irradiated high density polyethylene at different environmental temperatures
Authors: Wu Shishan , Xu Xi
Published: June 2003

CO, CO, and C(O)O oxygen‐containing groups were introduced onto the molecular chain of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) through ultraviolet irradiation in air. The introduction rate of the oxygen‐containing groups onto HDPE increased with increasing environmental temperature. After ultraviolet irradiation, the molecular weight of HDPE decreased, and its distribution became wider; the melting temperature, contact angle with water, and impact strength decreased; the degree of crystallinity and yield strength increased; and their variation amplitude increased with environmental temperature. The environmental temperature had an effect on the gel content of irradiated HDPE. HDPE‐irradiated for 48 h at 35° and 50°C were not crosslinked. However, gelation took place in HDPE irradiated for 24 h at 70°C. HDPE irradiated at a high environmental temperature was more effective than that irradiated at a low environmental temperature in compatibilizing HDPE with PVA. Compared with the 83/17 HDPE/PVA blend, the yield and notched impact strength of the 73/17 HDPE/PVA blend compatibilized with 10% HDPE irradiated for 24 h at an environmental temperature of 70°C increased from 30.8 MPa and 110 J/m to 34.9 MPa and 142 J/m, respectively. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2966–2969, 2003
Postfunctionalization strategy for developing polyphosphazene with a high loading of highly polar molecules in the side arms
Authors: Li Zhen , Qin Jingui , Tang Hongding , Liu Yunyang
Published: June 2003

A new postfunctionalization strategy for developing polyphosphazene functionalized with a high density of highly polar molecules was explored, and the moiety loading was up to 0.84 per unit. A polyphosphazene with N,N‐dialkyl‐substituted aniline as side chains was first synthesized by a direct substituted reaction, and then post azo coupling of p‐nitrobenzenediazonium fluoroborate toward the aniline groups afforded functionalized polyphosphazenes with highly polar molecules. The structural characterization was performed with 1H‐NMR, IR, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2989–2993, 2003
Crosslinked acrylic pressure‐sensitive adhesives. II. Effect of humidity on the crosslinking reaction
Authors: Asahara Junko , Sano Ayako , Hori Naruhito , Takemura Akio , Ono Hirokuni
Published: June 2003

The effect of humidity during storage on the crosslinking reactions of isocyanate groups was investigated with attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with pressure‐sensitive adhesives composed of poly[ethyl acrylate‐co‐(2‐ethylhexyl acrylate)‐co‐(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)] as a base resin and polyisocyanate as a crosslinker. A peak‐resolving analysis of the amide II region revealed four bands. According to an analysis of the Fourier transform infrared spectra of the model compounds, these four bands were assigned to free urethane linkages, hydrogen‐bonded urethane linkages, free urea linkages, and hydrogen‐bonded urea linkages. As expected, storage under humid conditions led to the formation of free and hydrogen‐bonded urea linkages corresponding to the promotion of isocyanate consumption. Peak resolution of the amide II region was found to be a reasonable way of monitoring urethane and urea linkages during crosslinking reactions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3039–3045, 2003
Phase separation and melting behavior in poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐epoxy blends cured by 3,3′‐dimethylmethylene‐di(cyclohexylamine)
Authors: Chen Jyh‐Luen , Chang Feng‐Chih
Published: June 2003

The morphology and the melting behavior of poly(ε‐caprolactone)/epoxy blends (PCL/epoxy) have been investigated by SEM and DSC. The mechanism of phase separation varies with the curing temperature and PCL content, which can be deduced from the cured morphology of the blend. Higher temperature leads to lower blend viscosity and a higher curing rate, and the final morphology is determined by the competition of these two factors. The PCL melting behavior of the blend is influenced by the extent of phase separation and crystallization during curing. The dual melting behavior of the PCL blend can be ascribed to the interference of the epoxy, which results in the formation of less perfect PCL crystallites melted at lower temperature. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3107–3114, 2003
Resolution of 1‐ and 2‐naphthylmethoxyacetic acids, NMR reagents for absolute configuration determination, by use of L‐phenylalaninol
Authors: Arita Shoko , Yabuuchi Tetsuya , Kusumi Takenori
Published: June 2003

Racemic 1‐ and 2‐naphthylmethoxyacetic acids (1NMA and 2NMA), the chiral anisotropic reagents used for absolute configuration determination of chiral secondary alcohols and primary amines, were conveniently resolved to enantiomers (>99% ee) by condensation with L‐phenylalaninol (2‐amino‐3‐phenylpropanol), chromatographic separation of the diastereomers, and hydrolysis. This method enables large‐scale preparation of enantiomeric 1NMA and 2NMA. Chirality 15:609–614, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conformational spaces of Cinchona alkaloids
Authors: Caner Hava , Biedermann P. Ulrich , Agranat Israel
Published: June 2003

A systematic and comprehensive study of the conformational spaces of the Cinchona alkaloids quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, cinchonidine, epiquinine, epiquinidine, epicinchonine, and epicinchonidine using the semiempirical PM3 method is described. The results were analyzed in terms of syn/anti and open/closed/hindered and α/β/γ conformations. Special emphasis was given to the torsion angles T1 (C4a′‐C4′‐C9‐C8), T2 (C4′‐C9‐C8‐N1) and T3 (H‐O9‐C9‐C8) that define the backbone and the hydroxy conformation, respectively. The results reveal the quasi‐enantiomeric relationships between quinine and quinidine and between epiquinine and epiquinidine, and the main structural differences that exist between the therapeutically active Cinchona alkaloids, quinine and quinidine, and their inactive epimers, epiquinine and epiquinidine. The lowest energy conformation of quinine and quinidine is anti‐closed‐α. The lowest energy conformations of epiquinine and epiquinidine are anti‐open‐β and anti‐open‐α, respectively. Low energy conformations with an intramolecular hydrogen bond (N1. . .H. . .O9) were found in epiquinine (the global minimum) and epiquinidine, but not in quinine and quinidine. Chirality 15:637–645, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stereoselective single‐dose kinetics of citalopram and its metabolites in rats
Authors: Kugelberg Fredrik C. , Carlsson Björn , Ahlner Johan , Bengtsson Finn
Published: June 2003

The single‐dose kinetics of the enantiomers of citalopram (CIT) and its metabolites, demethylcitalopram (DCIT) and didemethylcitalopram (DDCIT), were investigated after administration of 10, 20, or 100 mg/kg (s.c.) rac‐CIT to rats. Samples from serum and two brain regions were collected 1, 3, 10, or 20 h postdose for HPLC analysis. In the 100 mg/kg rats, the enantiomeric (S/R) serum concentration ratios of CIT decreased during the study period (0.93 at 1 h vs. 0.59 at 20 h; P < 0.001). In the 10 and 20 mg/kg rats, the decrease in serum S/R CIT ratios was not so evident as in the 100 mg/kg rats. In all three groups the S/R CIT ratio was almost the same in the brain as in serum, although both CIT enantiomer levels in the brain were found to be 5–10 times higher than the levels in serum. The serum and brain metabolite levels were low in the 10 and 20 mg/kg rats, whereas the levels increased during the study period in the 100 mg/kg rats. In conclusion, the CIT enantiomers were shown for the first time to be stereoselectively metabolized after single‐dose administration to rats, as previously shown in steady‐state dosing studies in humans and rats. Chirality 15:622–629, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Examination of a fault current limiter with conduction‐cooled Nb3Sn screen
Authors: Sasaki Ken‐Ichi , Yamagata Akira , Onishi Toshitada
Published: June 2003

We examined the possibility of the practical use of a conduction‐cooled magnetic shield type fault current limiter. A small superconducting fault current limiter was built and the current limiting characteristics were tested. Conceptual design of the conduction‐cooled fault current limiter for a distribution power system was carried out, and we calculated and discussed the temperature rise of shielding coil during a normal and a fault condition. We suggest a protection method for quench due to local disturbances during normal operation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 145(1): 20–27, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10164
A new three‐input/output characteristic‐varying filter in the D‐module for direct processing of three‐phase signals
Authors: Shinnaka Shinji
Published: June 2003

This paper proposes a new three‐input and three‐output characteristic‐varying filter in the D‐module for direct processing of three‐phase signals, which are becoming indispensable for effective active compensation of three‐phase power such as harmonics current, negative phase current, reactive power, and varying voltage compensations. The filter in the D‐module can show different filtering characteristics to positive, negative, and zero phase components of three‐phase signals and can allow direct processing of the signals based on frequency polarities. The filter in the D‐module can also change dynamically its filtering characteristics by simply injecting a shift‐signal to itself. These filtering effects are obtained in a very simple manner using the D‐module. A new unified analysis of attractive general characteristics of the proposed filter in the D‐module is given for its easy designs and realizations as well. Effectiveness of the analysis and usefulness of the filter in the D‐module are newly examined and confirmed through experiments. The newly proposed filter in the D‐module has potential regarding a variety of three‐phase signal filtering applications. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 145(1): 28–38, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10170
Proper decision for maintenance intervals of equipment in thermal power station based on operational rate and maintenance replacement rate
Authors: Katafuchi Tatsuro , Nakamura Masatoshi , Suzuki Yoshihiro , Hatazaki Hironori
Published: June 2003

In this paper, a rational method has been proposed to determine the maintenance schedule of turbines in thermal power stations. Due to the fact that many failure data do not exist, we focused on the maintenance replacement rate, and the dimensional reduction method was used. The proper maintenance interval based on the future operational rate was chosen by the relationship between the operational rate and the maintenance interval. The results of analysis have shown a reduction in the maintenance cost, while maintaining the current reliability. The proposed method was implemented by Kyushu Electric Power Co. beginning in April 2002 to determine the maintenance schedule of turbines in thermal power stations. Moreover, it can be applied to any other system. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 145(1): 10–19, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10194
Signal enhancement in multiuser communication through adaptivity on transmit
Authors: Medouri Abdellatif , Sarkar Tapan S.
Published: June 2003

This paper presents a technique to enhance the received signals in a multiuser communication environment through the use of adaptivity on transmit. This technique is based on the principle of reciprocity and is independent of the material medium of transmission and the near‐field environments. The objective here is to select a set of weights to be applied to each transmitting antenna, which is a function of the user location. The methodology is not a function of the multipath environment. Furthermore, the transmitted signal may be directed to a particular receiver location and simultaneously be minimized at other receiver locations while operating on the same frequency. Numerical simulations have been made to illustrate the novelty of the proposed approach. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 265–269, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11034
Reception of an oblique electromagnetic plane wave by a linear‐wire antenna: A time domain analysis
Authors: Sagnard F. , Uguen B. , El Zein G.
Published: June 2003

An analytic formulation to study the reception process, at an oblique angle of incidence, of a linear‐wire antenna excited by a transient short signal is proposed. The current, the charge components, and the scattered electric field are computed in the time domain. This modeling leads to a consistent parametric study which is a first and useful step for the development of an ultra‐wide bandwidth (UWB) communication system. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 281–291, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11039
Novel metal‐plate antenna for WLAN application
Authors: Yeh Shih‐Huang , Lin Chia‐Ching , Chang Fa‐Shian , Wong Kin‐Lu
Published: June 2003

A novel metal‐plate antenna easily constructed by folding a single metal plate is proposed. The antenna comprises a radiating portion, a vertical ground portion, and a horizontal ground portion, and is easily fed by using a 50Ω coaxial line. A constructed prototype suitable for application in the 2.4‐GHz WLAN band is demonstrated. Details of the proposed antenna design are described, and experimental results of the constructed prototype are presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 291–293, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11040
A new probe‐excited dual‐mode cavity filter
Authors: Leng Karen Goh Hui , Shen Zhongxiang , Khong Andy
Published: June 2003

This paper presents a novel configuration for dual‐mode cylindrical cavity filters operating in the TE111 mode. The proposed configuration is compact yet simple, with only one coupling probe to excite two orthogonal TE111 modes in a cylindrical waveguide cavity. A prototype is designed to operate at 10 GHz. Simulated and experimental results are provided. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 335–337, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11053
Soluble Fas (FasB) regulates luteal cell apoptosis during luteolysis in murine ovaries
Authors: Komatsu Kohji , Manabe Noboru , Kiso Minako , Shimabe Munetake , Miyamoto Hajime
Published: June 2003

During luteolysis, luteal cell apoptosis is induced by the Fas ligand (FasL)/Fas system. In murine luteal bodies, we demonstrated the expression of mRNA of soluble form of Fas (FasB), which binds to FasL and prevents apoptosis induction. By in situ hybridization, strong expression of FasB mRNA was observed in normal luteal bodies, in which no apoptotic cells were detected, but negative/trace expression in regressing luteal bodies, in which many apoptotic cells were observed. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that Fas and TNF‐α were localized in both normal and regressing luteal bodies, but IFN‐γ was localized only in regressing luteal bodies. Apoptosis was induced in primary cultured luteal cells, when they were pretreated with TNF‐α and IFN‐γ and then incubated with TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, and mouse recombinant FasL (rFasL). However, no apoptosis was detected in the cells, when they were treated with rFasL alone, TNF‐α alone, IFN‐γ alone, TNF‐α and rFasL, IFN‐γ and rFasL, or TNF‐α and IFN‐γ. Fas mRNA expression in cultured luteal cells was up‐regulated by the treatment of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, or TNF‐α and IFN‐γ. The expression of FasB mRNA was down‐regulated, when the cells were treated with TNF‐α and IFN‐γ, but its expression was not changed by the treatment of TNF‐α alone or IFN‐γ alone. We conclude that FasB inhibits the apoptosis induction in luteal cells of normal luteal bodies, and that decreased FasB production induced by TNF‐α and IFN‐γ made possible the apoptosis induction in the luteal cells of regressing luteal bodies. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 65: 345–352, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Roles of the conserved CCAAT and GC boxes of the human and mouse type II transforming growth factor‐β receptor genes
Authors: Bernadt Cory T. , Rizzino Angie
Published: June 2003

Embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are used widely to study the molecular mechanisms that regulate the transcription of genes during mammalian embryogenesis. The type II transforming growth factor‐β receptor (TβR‐II) gene is expressed at very low levels by mouse EC cells prior to differentiation. Differentiation of EC cells results in increases of both the steady‐state levels of TβR‐II mRNA and the activity of the TβR‐II promoter. Several cis‐regulatory elements have been shown previously to regulate the TβR‐II gene. This study focuses on the role of a CCAAT box and three GC boxes in the regulation of the human and mouse TβR‐II promoters in EC‐differentiated cells. We demonstrate that the CCAAT box and two flanking GC boxes, Sp A and Sp B, function as positive regulatory elements in the human TβR‐II promoter, and that the transcription factor complex NF‐Y positively regulates the human TβR‐II promoter through the CCAAT box motif. We also show that the CCAAT box and the downstream GC box Sp B, which are conserved between the human and mouse promoters, behave as positive regulatory elements in the mouse TβR‐II promoter. In addition, we demonstrate that the transcription factor Sp1 can bind to the Sp B GC box in vitro. Finally, we show that a GC box located 25 bp upstream of the major transcription start site of the TβR‐II gene plays a minimal role in the function of the TβR‐II promoter in EC‐differentiated cells. Together, our studies highlight important differences and similarities in the cis‐regulatory elements that regulate the human and mouse TβR‐II promoters. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 65: 353–365, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular cloning and endometrial expression of porcine amphiregulin
Authors: Kim Jong G. , Vallet Jeffrey L. , Christenson Ronald K.
Published: June 2003

The porcine amphiregulin gene was previously reported to be within the quantitative trait locus (QTL) for uterine capacity on chromosome 8. Because amphiregulin stimulates cell proliferation, the amphiregulin gene might be responsible for this QTL. The objectives of this study were to clone amphiregulin cDNA and compare endometrial expression of its mRNA in pregnant Meishan (M) and White composite (WC) pigs. We obtained two amphiregulin cDNAs, one with 1,221 bp and another with 1,109 bp. The 112 bp difference corresponded to exon 5 of the human amphiregulin gene, which codes for the cytoplasmic domain. Endometrial mRNA expression of amphiregulin was significantly lower in M pigs than in WC pigs during early pregnancy (day 15–40 of gestation). Amphiregulin mRNA expression in the endometrium of both M and WC pigs increased (P < 0.01) from days 15 to 20, decreased (P = 0.01) from days 20 to 30, and did not change between days 30 and 40. This may result in reduced amphiregulin protein production leading to the slower development of M conceptuses, contributing to greater uterine capacity and litter size in prolific Chinese M pigs. Porcine genomic sequences isolated from a bacterial artificial chromosome genomic library contained exon 5, suggesting that the deletion of exon 5 in the mRNA may be due to differential splicing. The amphiregulin gene consisted of six exons and five introns spanning 10.3 kb. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 65: 366–372, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The thiol reagent, thimerosal, irreversibly inhibits meiosis reinitiation in mouse oocyte when applied during a very early and narrow temporal window: A pharmacological analysis
Authors: Alexandre H. , Delsinne V. , Goval J.‐J.
Published: June 2003

The effect of the sulfhydryl reagent, thimerosal (TMS) on meiosis resumption in germinal vesicle (GV)‐stage denuded mouse oocytes was studied. It irreversibly inhibits both GV breakdown (GVBD) and the first polar body (pb1) extrusion in concentration‐ and time‐dependent manners, the most striking result being the very early and narrow temporal window during which denuded primary oocytes released from their follicle are susceptible to a pulse of the drug. This inhibition is bypassed by dithiothreitol (DTT) with an efficiency declining with time, while thiosalicylic acid (TA), an analog of TMS devoid of the mercury atom, has no effect on meiosis reinitiation. These results strongly suggest that the inhibitory effect of TMS is a consequence of its sulfhydryl group oxidising activity. The molecular target(s) of this inhibitory oxidation should however be identified. In contrast to DTT, okadaic acid (OA), known to bypass the inhibitory effect of drugs interfering with protein kinase activities, only induces chromatin condensation and GVBD in TMS‐pulsed oocytes with a delay of about 8 hr as compared to the control situation. This confirms that a very early thiol oxidation induced by TMS exerts a much more dramatic effect on resumption on meiosis than any pharmacological manipulation of protein kinase activities leading to activation of MPF. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 65: 454–461, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An optimal nonlinear Galerkin method with mixed finite elements for the steady Navier‐Stokes equations
Authors: He Yinnian , Wang Aiwen , Chen Zhangxin , Li Kaitai
Published: June 2003

An optimal nonlinear Galerkin method with mixed finite elements is developed for solving the two‐dimensional steady incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations. This method is based on two finite element spaces XH and Xh for the approximation of velocity, defined on a coarse grid with grid size H and a fine grid with grid size h ≪ H, respectively, and a finite element space Mh for the approximation of pressure. We prove that the difference in appropriate norms between the solutions of the nonlinear Galerkin method and a classical Galerkin method is of the order of H5. If we choose H = O(h2/5), these two methods have a convergence rate of the same order. We numerically demonstrate that the optimal nonlinear Galerkin method is efficient and can save a large amount of computational time. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 19: 762–775, 2003.
International marketing
Authors: Yeniyurt Sengun
Published: June 2003

Philip R. Cateora & John L. Graham. 2002. International Marketing (11th ed.).
New York: McGraw‐Hill. 694 pages.
Managing the transformation to e‐government: An Australian perspective
Authors: Clark Eugene
Published: June 2003

Australia is recognized as a leading country in the move to an information economy, and the Australian
government has played a pivotal role in this transformation. This commentary outlines some of the key issues
confronting Australia as it moves towards its policy goal of achieving e‐government. Although governments
differ in the pace and nature of reforms required to bring about the transformation to e‐government, many
of the underlying issues are the same for most governments. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The cristal membrane of mitochondria is the principal site of oxidative phosphorylation
Authors: Gilkerson Robert W. , Selker Jeanne M.L. , Capaldi Roderick A.
Published: June 2003

The inner membrane system of mitochondria is known to consist of two contiguous but distinct membranes: the inner boundary membrane, which apposes the outer membrane, and the cristal membrane, which forms tubules or lamellae in the interior. Using immunolabeling and transmission electron microscopy of bovine heart tissue, we have calculated that around 94% of both Complex III of the respiratory chain and the ATP synthase are located in the cristal membrane, and only around 6% of either is in the inner boundary membrane. When accounting for the topographical ratio of cristal membrane versus inner boundary membrane, we find that both complexes exist at a 2.2–2.6‐fold higher concentration in the cristal membrane. The residual protein in the inner boundary membrane may be newly assembled complexes destined for cristal membranes. Our results argue for restricted diffusion of complexes through the cristal junctions and indicate that the mitochondrial cristae comprise a regulated submitochondrial compartment specialized for ATP production.