bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXTENSIVE READING IN INDONESIAN SCHOOLS: A SUCCESSFUL STORY
Authors: Anandari Christina Lhaksmita , Iswandari Yuseva Ariyani
Published: December 2020

The low level of literacy of the Indonesian students has become a major nation-wide concern in Indonesia. The 2015 PISA (Program for International Student Assessment) result showed that Indonesian students’ literacy level in English was one of the lowest in the world. Gerakan Literasi Nasional (GLN) was established in 2016 as one of the possible solutions to increase the Indonesian students’ literacy level. The extensive reading programs done in the schools and in the universities described here is in line with GLN’s vision and mission, in that the Extensive Reading programs and activities play a tremendous role in the schools’ and communities’ effort to create more established, well-planned actions to increase the students’ literacy level. Therefore, this paper will discuss two objectives: (1) describing steps to establish a successful Extensive Reading program at Indonesian schools and (2) reporting factors that contribute to the success of an extensive reading program. The findings of this research revealed how extensive reading activities supported the success of GLN through the creation of extensive reading programs within and outside the curriculum, and how schools and home literacy culture could be contributing factors to the success of this program.
EXTENSIVE READING: THEORY, RESEARCH AND IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Ng Qiu Rong , Renandya Willy A. , Chong Miao Yee Clare
Published: December 2020

There are three purposes of this paper, the first of which is to elucidate the theory and principles underlying extensive reading. Long-held principles will be discussed in light of practical classroom and contextual considerations. Secondly, a critical summary of current research on extensive reading that has been conducted in English as a Second Language and English as a Foreign Language contexts and has been published over the last five years will be presented. By highlighting the vast benefits of extensive reading on improving many aspects of L2 learners’ language proficiency, we hope to encourage greater implementation of extensive reading in educational institutions worldwide. Teachers will also become more familiar with future directions in the practice of implementing extensive reading programs such as how to capitalize on the potential of the Internet to monitor and assess learners’ progress in reading extensively. Thirdly, the paper provides directions for future research which we believe might fill critical gaps in our knowledge about ER.
DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING THROUGH AN INTEGRATED EXTENSIVE READING PROGRAM
Authors: Husna Nida
Published: December 2020

This study was conducted to help English teacher candidates maximize their efforts to develop critical thinking skills through an Extensive Reading (ER) program. There were forty research participants, from 18 to 21 years age range, in their fourth semester of undergraduate study in English Education Department. The main instrument to collect the data was a test in Critical Thinking, which was given before and after the program. The students were also asked to share their perception about the program after it ended by writing a reflection. During the ER program, the students practiced exercising their critical thinking skills in the post-ER activities which integrated all the four language skills. They needed to demonstrate their critical thinking as a required part of the assessment to provide evidence for their ER activities. Findings from the Critical Thinking test indicate improvement in the students’ critical thinking skills after the program. They also had positive perceptions of the activities and assessment in the program, which they thought to have positive influence on their critical thinking. All these imply the potential of integrating the development of critical thinking skills in an ER program.
EFL TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCES IN DEVELOPING L2 PROFICIENCY THROUGH EXTENSIVE LISTENING
Authors: Pamuji Kukuh Dwi , Waring Rob , Kurniawan Eri
Published: December 2020

Although efforts have been made to investigate the primacy of extensive listening (EL) in developing students’ L2 proficiency, the personal experiences of EFL teachers who have successfully developed their L2 through the practice of EL are rarely documented. As this can be a source of inspiration for those struggling to achieve a high L2 proficiency, this study purports to explore how EFL teachers experience the development of their L2 by practicing EL for a considerable amount of time. A Google-form questionnaire with open and closed-ended questions was initially sent to several international groups of EFL teachers via Facebook. In total, 27 participants from six different countries responded to the questionnaire. After a closer look at the initial data, two participants were then selected to provide further insights into their experiences of practicing EL as a means of developing their L2 proficiency. The findings revealed that both teachers used EL because of their joy of listening to compelling listening materials. Practicing their EL routinely with their own degree of intensity, both of them enjoy listening to various audio and video materials with different choices of topics and resources. EL was said to enhance their vocabulary acquisition and help them to develop their other language skills.
EFL STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION IN WRITING, WRITING PROFICIENCY, AND GENDER
Authors: Cahyono Bambang Yudi , Rahayu Titik
Published: December 2020

There have been a lot of research studies on the role of motivation in education and language learning. However, research on the role of motivation in the area of EFL (English as a foreign language) writing is a rare undertaking. This study aimed to examine the correlation between EFL students’ motivation in writing and their writing proficiency. It also compared female and male students in terms of their motivation in writing and their writing proficiency. This study involved 55 university students of English department (17 female and 38 male students) who were required to write essays and respond to a motivation in writing questionnaire. The results showed that there was a high correlation between the EFL students’ motivation in writing and their writing proficiency. It was also revealed that there were significant differences in the motivation in writing as well as writing proficiency of the female and male students. The findings of this study suggested that the EFL students who had a higher level of motivation in writing had better writing proficiency. The study also showed that female students outperformed male students in terms of both motivation in writing and writing proficiency.
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF M-READER
Authors: Rajabpour Abouzar
Published: December 2020

Many universities in the Middle East, for instance, Shiraz University in Iran and Sultan Qaboos University in Oman have been running M-reader, a free Internet site which helps educational institutions to manage extensive reading (ER), as a way of including Extensive Reading in ELT classes for years. In spite of few attempts to evaluate this online tool based on different aspects, no studies have focused on students’ ideas toward the pros and cons of M-reader and how it can be improved. Hence, using a large sample, the present study sheds some light on potential advantages and drawbacks of M-reader and, ultimately, presents students’ comments on how to idealize this popular Extensive Reading tool. A mixed-method design was used in data collection and data analysis. The study shows that M-reader is a popular online platform among students despite some potential drawbacks.
TLR4: the fall guy in sepsis?
Authors: Menassa Joseph , Nedeva Christina , Pollock Corey , Puthalakath Hamsa
Published: December 2020

Sepsis and its impact on human health can be traced back to 1000 BC and continues to be a major health burden today. It causes about 11 million deaths world-wide of which, more than a third are due to neonatal sepsis. There is no effective treatment other than fluid resuscitation therapy and antibiotic treatment that leave patients immunosuppressed and vulnerable to nosocomial infections. Added to that, ageing population and the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria pose new challenges. Most of the deleterious effects of sepsis are due to the host response to the systemic infection. In the initial phase of infection, hyper activation of the immune system leads to cytokine storm, which could lead to organ failure and this accounts for about 15% of overall deaths. However, the subsequent immune paralysis phase (mostly attributed to apoptotic death of immune cells) accounts for about 85% of all deaths. Past clinical trials (more than 100 in the last 30 years) all targeted the inflammatory phase with little success, predictably, for inflammation is a necessary process to fight infection. In order to identify the regulators of immune cell death during sepsis, we carried out an unbiased, whole genome CRISPR screening in mice and identified Trigger Receptor Expressed in Myeloid-like 4 (Treml4) as the receptor that controls both the inflammatory phase and the immune suppression phase in sepsis (Nedeva et al. (2020) Nature Immunol, doi: 10.1038/s41590-020-0789-z). Characterising the Treml4 gene knockout mice revealed new insights into the relative roles of TLR4 and TREML4 in inducing the inflammatory cytokine storm during sepsis.
Extracellular vesicles: An emerging platform in gram-positive bacteria
Authors: Bose Swagata , Aggarwal Shifu , Singh Durg Vijai , Acharya Narottam
Published: December 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EV), also known as membrane vesicles, are produced as an end product of secretion by both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. Several reports suggest that archaea, gram-negative bacteria, and eukaryotic cells secrete membrane vesicles as a means for cell-free intercellular communication. EVs influence intercellular communication by transferring a myriad of biomolecules including genetic information. Also, EVs have been implicated in many phenomena such as stress response, intercellular competition, lateral gene transfer, and pathogenicity. However, the cellular process of secreting EVs in gram-positive bacteria is less studied. A notion with the thick cell-walled microbes such as gram-positive bacteria is that the EV release is impossible among them. The role of gram-positive EVs in health and diseases is being studied gradually. Being nano-sized, the EVs from gram-positive bacteria carry a diversity of cargo compounds that have a role in bacterial competition, survival, invasion, host immune evasion, and infection. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of the EVs produced by gram-positive bacteria. Also, we discuss the functional aspects of these components while comparing them with gram-negative bacteria.
The Variety of Proper Names in E. Barsov’s Lamentations of the Northern Land
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Surikova Olesya D. ,   Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the RAS
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with a broad variety of names featured in the three-volume Lamentations of the Northern Land published by Elpidifor Barsov in 1872–1885. The toponymy of lamentations has been repeatedly addressed by researchers as the most prevalent and diverse class of proper names due to its symbolic weight and a pronounced local colour. This study aims to bridge the gaps in the systemic description of other categories of names presented in this collection (ethnonyms, chrononyms, theonyms and hagionyms, anthroponyms, and onomastic derivatives). These may lack the diversity of toponyms but are intrinsically related to the genre of lamentation in terms of their composition and usage. Therefore, a comprehensive description of these classes is required, primarily from the standpoint of linguistic pragmatics. Christian onyms (theonyms, hagionyms, chrononyms, ecclesionyms, names of icons (iconyms)) are most frequent in lamentations, which reflects the later influence of Orthodox worldview on this archaic genre and the proliferation of Christian naming patterns. Alternatively, the same could be explained by intergeneric influence, meaning that Orthodox vocabulary and semantic oppositions in lamentations could be assimilated from spiritual verses. The fact that lamentations were only performed by women also speaks on favour of the genre-driven nature of their onymic composition, abound in proper names reflecting the “female” perspective. These include regional toponyms forming a local image of space, mentions of “female” calendar holidays, religious names reflecting a special role of the Mother of God cult. The onomasticon of lamentations is also an important linguo-geographic source. For example, the predominance of Olonets toponymy in Lamentations and its hydrocentricity (a large share of names of water bodies and settlements located near large lakes and rivers) attests to the North Russian origin of this genre. Frequent mentions of the names of monasteries and the near-by holy sources, facts of ecclesiastical naming of cemeteries, and other local features also highlight the regional specificity of this collection.
Review of Friedrich August von Hayek’s Draft Biography of Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Text and Its History, edited by Christian Erbacher
Authors: Manzi Jack
Published: December 2020

Friedrich von Hayek’s Unfinished Draft of a Sketch of a Biography of Ludwig Wittgenstein was the first attempt at the task of assembling a comprehensible picture of the life of his pre-eminent cousin, Ludwig Wittgenstein. As the title might suggest, von Hayek never finished this task, his efforts being stymied by both Wittgenstein’s literary executors and Wittgenstein’s sister, Margaret Stonborough. Here, and for the first time, Christian Erbacher presents the first real publication of this draft, with accompanying commentary, and an afterword by Allan Janik.

 Perhaps the best way to describe Erbacher’s work here is as a ‘biography of a biography’. His introduction to von Hayek’s manuscript details the story behind its creation, beginning with an outline of von Hayek’s own relationship with Wittgenstein, and the parallels between their academic careers. In doing so, Erbacher not only also describes the history of von Hayek’s sketch, but also the history of Wittgenstein-biography as a genre in itself. For what emerges from Erbacher’s extensive work in researching the von Hayek sketch is that, despite never coming to fruition itself, the work that von Hayek put into collecting the materials for writing a biography of Wittgenstein was hugely influential in all future endeavours of chronicling Wittgenstein’s life.
Personal boundaries of teenagers as a condition of their psychological safety
Authors:   Branch of GBU RB RCPPSME Sterlitamak ZPMPK, Senchenko Lyudmila , Kuznetsova Margarita ,   Branch of GBU RB RCPPSME Sterlitamak ZPMPK
Published: December 2020

The article contains a description of the main problems of communication between teenagers and parents, the causes of their occurrence. Parents ' violation of a teenager's personal boundaries is seen as the cause of problems in their relationships. Examples of violation of personal boundaries of a teenager are presented. Knowledge of methods for diagnosing and maintaining the personal boundaries of a teenager is an important component of the psychological culture of parents in dealing with children.
Screening of criminal, civil, administrative and legal definitions having psychological content
Authors:   Sochi State University, Teplyakova Anastasiya
Published: December 2020

This article provides a primary analysis of groups of concepts (terms) in criminal law, civil law, and administrative law that have a psychological content. There were assigned concepts that have both legal and psychological status. Currently, in jurisprudence, it’s necessary to achieve exact correlation of concepts (terms) of various branches of law with their psychological content. This analysis will expand the possibilities of applying special psychological knowledge in the field of law and improve the psychological competence of lawyers.
The Florence Nightingale’s nursing theoretical model: a transmission of knowledge
Authors: Peres Maria Angélica de Almeida , Aperibense Pacita Geovana Gama de Sousa , Dios-Aguado María de las Mercedes de , Gómez-Cantarino Sagrario , Queirós Paulo Joaquim Pina
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To reflect on the contribution of Florence Nightingale in the health and nursing areas based on her epistemological legacy. Method: Reflection in which Florence Nightingale’s nursing theoretical model is approached, trying to show how her family, training, social and cultural concepts influenced the formal construction of care. Results: Florence Nightingale’s vocation, profession and legacy stand out as faithful expressions of her thoughts for the professional constitution of the nurse. Responsible for the care of people with a strong humanitarian characteristic. Conclusions: It is not possible to unravel nursing care today from Nightingale’s thinking. This represents the power of a lifetime dedicated to the profession.
Pessoas Com Deficiência e COVID-19 no estado do Espírito Santo: Entre a invisibilidade e a falta de Políticas Públicas
Authors: Maciel Ethel , Melo Douglas , Delcarro Jéssica , Robaina Igor , Jabor Pablo , Goncalves Junior Etereldes , Zandonade Eliana
Published: December 2020

Objetivos: analisar o perfil epidemiológico das pessoas com deficiência infectadas com o SARS-CoV-2 notificadas no Espírito Santo. Método: Estudo comparativo entre as pessoas com deficiência com testes positivos e negativos para o diagnóstico de COVID-19. Foram realizadas associações dos resultados do teste e as variáveis epidemiológicas e clínicas, pelo teste qui-quadrado. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultados: houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os dois grupos em relação ao gênero com mais positivos no feminino, faixa etária com mais positivos nas faixas de 20 a 79 anos, raça cor com mais positivos na raça branca, municípios com mais positivos na grande Vitória, todos com p<0,05. A letalidade de 4,9% (175 casos) de morte por COVID-19 no grupo das pessoas com deficiência, e 3% (3.016) no grupo sem deficiência. Conclusões: A pandemia enfatiza a necessidade de criar mecanismos legais de cuidados específicos e políticas públicas focalizadas para essa população.
Designing and procuring Dhaka’s sustainable water supply project, Bangladesh
Authors: Shimmin Andrew , Paramithiotti Vittoria
Published: December 2020

Rapid urbanisation of Dhaka in Bangladesh has led to over-abstraction of groundwater and shortages of drinking water. The US$1 billion ‘Dhaka environmentally sustainable water supply project’ aims to resolve this by providing raw water to the city from the Meghna River. The first construction package of a river intake, 22 km raw water pipeline and 500 Ml/day water treatment plant is due for completion in 2023, with three more packages currently under design. As of December 2020, two are bid and awaiting award, one will be tendered in the first quarter of 2021. Routing and constructing 100 km of pipelines up to 1.6 m in diameter through the city’s highly congested urban environment is proving extremely challenging, as is dealing with the geotechnical and seismic conditions and the need to cross major rivers while ensuring social and environmental safeguards. This paper describes how the challenges are being addressed in procuring and delivering a new sustainable water supply to a rapidly developing global megacity.
Sustainable electricity for sustainable health? A case study in North-western Zambia
Authors: Caperon Lizzie , Brand-Correa Lina
Published: December 2020

This study explores the under-researched link between clean energy and public health outcomes, and offers new insights into the link between wider access to clean energy and progress towards health outcomes, in particular the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes. This is the first study to consider the impact of a run-of-river hydropower plant (RORHP) in a remote rural community in Zambia in relation to health outcomes. Exploring this relationship establishes how the health benefits which renewable energy can bring can be capitalised upon to meet the health-related objectives of the United Nations sustainable development goals. Workshops and semi-structured interviews were conducted with a range of stakeholders including community members, health workers, business owners, and key people involved with the plant, to establish health and social impacts of the introduction of electricity in the community of Ikelenge. Findings are used to establish both synergies and trade-offs of the RORHP on the health of the community, and recommendations are made for the continued improvement of health following the introduction of the RORHP, to achieve further progress towards meeting SDG targets.
Exposing the ICT Regulatory Dilemma: The Test for Governments
Authors: Njotini Mzukisi
Published: December 2020

Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) generate both benefits and challenges for society. For example, ICTs augment social development and encourage equality and inclusivity. In addition, these technologies create a new space – that is, cyberspace. This space is separate from physical or offline space. The emergence of this space has resulted in regulators having difficulty establishing suitable regulations. The latter are regulations that understand the workings and dynamics of ICTs. Mostly, regulators adopt regulatory frameworks that are suitable for controlling physical or offline environments. These regulations accept, inter alia, that the source of regulating is the law or legal rules. In the main, regulators continuously re-invent the ICT regulatory wheel in the hope that, by chance, suitable ICT regulations will emerge or be found. Consequently, ICT regulations often exacerbate the existing ICT regulatory dilemma. This article examines an alternative approach to regulations that is external to the law or legal rules. The structure accepts that a proper ICT regulatory framework is one that understands the workings and dynamics of these technologies. Given this understanding, ICT regulations should be bound to the technology and be able to develop or evolve with it.
Is the Sanctity of Contract Cast in Stone? An Evaluation of AB v Pridwin Preparatory School
Authors: Laubscher Michael
Published: December 2020

This matter involves an appeal by AB (father) and CB (mother) (parents of DB and EB) against a decision of the South Gauteng High Court. The High Court found that the decision of the first respondent (Pridwin Preparatory School) to terminate a contract that had been concluded between it and the appellants was constitutional and acceptable, and thus found in favour of the respondents. This meant that the two children had to find another school to attend. The school based its action on a termination clause in paragraph 9.3 of the contract that had been concluded between the parties.The appellants (AB and CB) failed to gain direct access to the Constitutional Court1 and were granted leave to approach the Supreme Court of Appeal (AB v Pridwin Preparatory School (1134/2017) [2018] ZASCA 150; [2019] 1 All SA 1 (SCA); 2019 (1) SA 327 (SCA) (1 November 2018). This discussion focuses on the Supreme Court of Appeal judgment. The appeal was dismissed with costs, four of the five judges concurring, and one judge, Mocumie JA, offering a dissenting judgment.Five respondents were cited in this appeal: Pridwin Preparatory School, its principal (Mr Marx), the school’s board, the Gauteng Education Department, and the Independent Schools Association of Southern Africa.The appellants based their appeal on various grounds. Their fundamental argument rested on the claim that the termination clause that the school relied on was unconstitutional for various reasons, which meant that the school had no right to exclude the two children from attending the said school.The appellants argued that: the school had a constitutional obligation to act reasonably and afford the appellants a hearing before cancelling the contracts; the school did not adhere to the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act (3 of 2000 (PAJA)); and the contract (specifically the termination clause invoked by the school) was unconstitutional based on public policy (par 2 of the judgment).
«Сибирские заметки» чиновника и сочинителя Ипполита Канарского в обработке М. Владимирского
Authors: Каменский Александр
Published: December 2020

В новой книге из серии «Новые источники по истории России. Rossica Inedita» публикуются «Сибирские заметки» Ипполита Канарского, представляющие собой написанные в жанре литературного сочинения эпохи сентиментализма воспоминания автора о его службе в Иркутской губернии в 1811–1813 гг. Воспоминания содержат как ценные черты чиновничьего быта, так и описания этнографического характера. В них реальные события в биографии автора — чиновника средней руки, близкого к масонским кругам, — соседствуют с вымышленными, что придает «Сибирским заметкам» характер литературной мистификации. Книга адресована историкам и культурологам, а также широкому кругу читателей.
От марксизма к постмарксизму?
Authors: Терборн Йоран
Published: December 2020

В этой, с одной стороны, лаконичной, а с другой — обобщающей книге один из ведущих мировых социальных теоретиков Йоран Терборн исследует траектории движения марксизма в ХХ столетии, а также актуальность его наследия для радикальной мысли XXI века. Обращаясь к истории критической теории с позиций современности, которые определяются постмодернизмом, постмарксизмом и критикой евроцентризма, он анализирует актуальные теоретические направления — включая наследие Славоя Жижека, Антонио Негри и Алана Бадью, работает с изменившимися интеллектуальным, политическим и экономическим контекстами. В свете этих дискуссий Терборн переходит к масштабному исследованию параметров политики XXI века. Книга является важнейшей итоговой оценкой марксизма в современную эпоху и будет интересна как специалистам, так и широкому кругу читателей.
Pandeminin Gölgesinde Sanat- Sanatçı- İzleyici
Authors: TANYEL BAŞAR Çiğdem
Published: December 2020

Tarihte toplumları etkileyen ekonomik, politik, teknolojik yapılanmalar birçok alanda olduğu gibi sanatın üretiminde ve algılanışında da dönüşüm yaratmıştır. Sanat, sanatçı ve izleyici kavramları bulunulan çağın dinamiklerine göre biçimsel ve anlamsal olarak farklılıklar içermiştir. Modernizm döneminde sanatçı üreten, izleyici ise sanat nesnesini inceleyen konumdayken, postmodern dönemde sanatçı tasarım yapan izleyici ise bizzat sanat eseri ile etkileşime girerek eserin bir parçası haline dönüşen bir figürdür. Dijitalleşen çağımızda yeni medya araçlarının, sanatta nesnenin yeniden üretimiyle sanatsal üretimlerin izleyiciye ulaşımında farklılık yarattığı görülür. Sanatta dijitalleşmenin yanı sıra, 2019 Aralık ayında ortaya çıkan ve dünyada pandemi ilan edilmesine sebep olan Yeni Koronavirüs (Covid-19) salgınının da sanatsal üretimlerin sunumu üzerinde etkisi olmuştur. Bu araştırmada, modern ve postmodern dönemdeki sanat-sanatçı-izleyici ilişkileri incelenmiş ve yeni medya araçlarının sanat üzerindeki etkileri tartışılmıştır. Sanatçıların koronavirüs salgını sürecinde kendilerini ifade etme biçimlerine odaklanılmış ve salgının sanatsal üretimlerin izleyiciye iletimi üzerindeki etkileri ortaya konulmuştur.
SOGMATAR
Authors: ALBAYRAK Yusuf
Published: December 2020

Located on the Individual Mountains, about 70 km. southeast of Şanlıurfa provincial center, Soğmatar, starting from the Chalcolithic Age due to the abundance of water resources, the Middle and Early Bronze Age, The Iron Age (Bc I. Bin), the Roman period and the Islamic period until the present day uninterrupted settlement, especially in the 2nd century AD. In the 19th century, the moon came to the forefront with the worship of the God of Sin. In addition to being used as a temple area, Soğmatar was also used as a necropolis area in the Early Bronze Age and roman times. Some of the rock tombs in the necropolis area built in the Early Bronze Age were replaced during the Roman period and were reused. These tombs, which were opened in the well-entrance plan, were extended to the south during the Roman period, the well entrance part was extended to the south, the stairway corridors were opened, the entrance part was expanded and the wall cells where the dead were placed on 3 walls were opened. Some of the tombs were left unfinished during this change, so these tombs show architectural features of both the Early Bronze Age and the Roman rock tombs. There are also numerous quarries because of its low rocky hills. Water wells opened to bedrock in antiquity are still used today.
Affinity purification of ookinetes in coverslips v1
Authors: Recio Totoro Benito
Published: December 2020

The ookinetes, as they come from the ookinete culture, are suspended in a solution that also contains blood cells and other parasite stages. Often, it is necessary to purify the ookinetes from these other cell types. This is achieved exploiting biological, chemical, and physical properties of the ookinetes that differ from the other cell types present in the ookinete culture. This protocol exploits the adhesive and invading characteristics of ookinetes by allowing them to attach to a surface coated with Extracellular Matrix gel (ECM gel). The rest of the cells present in the ookinete culture do not have adhesion properties and can be simply washed away. ECM gel is composed of approximately 1800 proteins, the most abundant are type IV collagen, laminin, entactin, and other proteoglycans. The Plasmodium ookinete has several surface proteins that bind to the ECM gel components, such as the P25, and P21/28 protein families that bind to laminin and collagen, and the CTRP, SOAP, and WARP surface or secreted proteins that bind to laminin, and other glycosaminoglycans. The purification in coverslip allows the obtention of highly pure ookinete cultures that are ready for oocyst culture or further experimentation while still attached to the ECM gel coating.
GenSwab Assay (SARS-CoV-2) v1
Authors: not provided huiyi.chen , Roy Sid
Published: December 2020

The GenapSys SARS-CoV-2 GenSwab Assay is a reverse transcription sequencing (RT-Seq) test. The assay uses primers and probes that were first designed by OctantBio to detect RNA from SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory and saliva specimens from patients. This is the workflow for purified RNA samples, and starts with purified samples. Our protocol will accept RNA purified from any kit.
Local Territorial Cohesion: Perception of Spatial Inequalities in Access to Public Services in Polish Case-Study Municipalities
Authors: Aksztejn Wirginia
Published: December 2020

The aim of this article is to investigate a research area situated off the mainstream of social inequality considerations: territorial inequalities at the local (municipality) level. The marginalisation of this aspect can be seen both in EU cohesion policies and in academic discourse. The European policies focus their attention (and funding) on the regional level, and researchers who study more local contexts tend to be interested in spatial inequalities in the urban environment with an emphasis on metropolises. This article downscales territorial inequalities to the level of municipalities that are varied in terms of size, location and function. The perspective I take on in the study concentrates on accessibility of selected public services such as public transportation and childcare within the locality, and the perception of spatial inequalities in the eyes of local actors from the public, civic and business sectors. The research indicates that a subjective view on local inequalities does not necessarily match the actual level of service provision. In the article I reflect on the reasons for this disparity and potential consequences for local policies and bridging the gaps.
In Search of Territorial Cohesion: An Elusive and Imagined Notion
Authors: Atkinson Rob , Pacchi Carolina
Published: December 2020

Territorial cohesion has figured in the lexicon of the European Union for some years. However, there has never been a clear definition of the notion, not even after its inclusion in the Lisbon Treaty. Moreover, within the European Union Cohesion Reports and, more generally, within European Union documents, along with the other two dimensions of cohesion (economic and social) it has been treated separately without any serious attempts to reconcile them and develop a coherent interpretation of cohesion—the result being the creation of a contested and ill-defined understanding of territorial cohesion and its relationship to the other two dimensions of Cohesion Policy. Given that the approach advocated by Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy aims to embed the different dimensions and how they interact in specific spatial configurations (created by the confluence of a range of different ‘flows’ that can create multiple overlapping assemblages with ‘fuzzy’ boundaries), this raises important questions about how we understand these relationships. Moreover, the policy discourses in which each dimension of cohesion is situated create their own frameworks that are conducive to developing the conditions, including appropriate policy strategies, to supporting these individual cohesion formations. The rather arbitrary separation of these approaches in ‘official discourse’ impedes addressing cohesion in a coherent and integrated manner. Thus, after reviewing the relevant key policy literature, the article will seek to consider how territorial cohesion relates to the other two dimensions of cohesion taking into account the role of the place-based approach. However, it is argued that the search for territorial (social and economic) cohesion has been subordinated to neoliberal notions such as competitiveness and economic growth.
Cohesion in the Local Context: Reconciling the Territorial, Economic and Social Dimensions
Authors: Andersen Hans Thor , Fallov Mia Arp , Jørgensen Anja , De Neergaard Maja , Nielsen Rikke Skovgaard
Published: December 2020

This brief editorial introduces a set of articles dealing with territorial challenges in Europe. The EU and the member states have put attention to a silent, but growing issue of inequality: The spatial disparities are in several member states considered able to provide wider political tensions and challenges. Consequently, the EU has launched a research theme in its framework programme Horizon 2020 to cope with such matter. Most of the papers in this issue have their origin in the Horizon COHSMO project “Inequality, Urbanization and Territorial Cohesion. Developing the European Social Model of Economic Growth and Democratic Capacity.” While social or economic inequalities are recognized as a social problem, spatial disparities are forgotten or ignored. However, territorial inequalities do boost social and economic differences and add to growing tensions and contradictions in many cases. Coping with such challenges is a difficult matter; most European countries have had programmes aiming at rebalancing regional inequalities for many years. Despite major investments in public services, infrastructure, education and culture, as well as targeted support for private investors, businesses raising employment opportunities and so on. However, the success in terms of growing population and employment has been limited. Instead, endogenous structures and relations receive more attention; in particularly local capacity to generate solutions and means to promote economic and social development. This ability strongly links to the concept of collective efficacy, i.e., a joint understanding and capability to organize and execute actions of mutual benefit.
Emotional responses and coping strategies in adult Mexican population during the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic: An exploratory study by sex
Authors: Ramos-Lira Luciana , Rafful Claudia , Flores-Celis Karla , Mora Ríos Jazmín , García-Andrade Consuelo , Rascón Gasca María Luisa , Bautista Aguilar Natalia , Cervantes Muñoz Consuelo
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The COVID-19 outbreak has involved a permanent and significant increase of fear and worries related to the virus and the measures taken to avoid contagion, such as confinement. Objective. To explore the relationship between emotional responses and coping strategies used to face the first confinement among the Mexican adult population and inquire about differences by sex. Method. An exploratory study was conducted through a self-administered online survey. It included questions about sociodemographic characteristics, emotions about pandemic information, and coping strategies. An informed consent form was presented prior to data collection. Chi square and Kruskal-Wallis were performed for bivariate analyses. Results. A total of 2,650 participants completed the survey (21.6% were men). Significantly more men than women reported feeling calm (p < .001), hopeful (p = .011), and indifferent (p = .002). In contrast, more women, compared to men significantly reported feeling worried (p < .001), fearful (p < 0.001), and sad (p < .001). More women reported being emotionally close to other people (p = .027), seeking help from friends and family to share emotions and concerns (p < .001), and they frequently prayed as a coping strategy regardless of their emotions (p = .005). Discussion and conclusion. While women are the least affected by the contagion and their symptoms are milder than in men, they present the most negative emotions, particularly of worry, but they also used more caring and helpful behaviors in comparison with men. These results can serve as a basis for developing research with a gender perspective that delves into the differences by sex found in this study.
COVID-19 perception and preventive behaviors: A descriptive, comparative study by severity and perceived risk
Authors: Lugo-González Isaías Vicente , Fernández-Vega Margarita , Reynoso-Erazo Leonardo , Becerra-Gálvez Ana Leticia , Pérez-Bautista Yuma Yoaly
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The prevention of COVID-19 infections involves the implementation of behaviors to reduce risk and protect health. However, engaging in these behaviors depends on the perception of the threat posed by the illness. Previous research shows the importance of illness perception in the case of communicable and non-communicable diseases, showing that they can change depending on the severity and risk attributed to them. Objective. Compare the illness perception and the practice of preventive and exposure behavior based on the severity and the risk attributed to COVID-19 at the end of phase 1 and the beginning of phase 2 of the pandemic in Mexico. Method. By means of a chain sampling, a comparative study was conducted in which an evaluation battery was disseminated through e-mail and social networks. Results. It was found that evaluating COVID-19 as a serious disease and perceiving oneself as being at risk of contracting it had small and moderate effects on the perception of the consequences of the illness (r = .34; r = .26), emotional impact (r = .32; r = .25), personal control (r = .24) and engagement in preventive (r = .05), and exposure behaviors (r = .07; r = .07). Discussion and conclusion. This article shows the relevance of the perceptual variables that impact concern due to the social and emotional consequences of COVID-19, as well as those that encourage preventive behaviors and the minimization of exposure behavior.
UKRAINIAN, CROATIAN AND POLISH PHRASEMES WITH SOMATIC COMPONENTS AS MEANS OF VERBALIZATION OF THANATOLOGICAL SEMANTICS
Authors: Petrovska L. , Kirian K.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to semantic characteristics and structure of phrasemes in the
Ukrainian, Croatian and Polish languages with a somatic component that verbalize the concept of “death” and their significance in the national and language worldview.
In the article phraseology is seen in terms of its field structure, when its object is explored from the perspective of the phraseological periphery and core. Phrasemes with a somatic component are one of the largest groups in phraseology, because the anthropomorphic model of the world and human as its key element are among the oldest. The importance of the functions of сertain body parts and organs influences the ability of somatism to form phraseologisms: the more important the organ, the more productive it is in creating phrases. Awareness of the phenomenon of physicality allows people to explain and perceive the phenomenon of death. Сoncept is a complex of ideas about a certain object, which is a reflection of the cultural system in which it is represented. Сoncept is often verbalized in phraseologies, when its components present a particular concept. One of the significant elements of the picture of the world is the concept of “death”. The comparative analysis of somatic phraseologisms of the Ukrainian, Croatian and Polish languages confirms that the picture of the world of Ukrainian, Croatian and Polish people showed through phraseologies has a number of common and distinct features. Identical phraseologisms in form and content attest to the affinity of phraseological fund of the analyzed languages.
Ayet ve Hadislerdeki Soru Kalıplarının Din Öğretimi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: TURŞAK Musa
Published: December 2020

Yaratıldığı günden itibaren, insanın dil ile ilişkisi gelişerek günümüze kadar devam etmiştir. Dil ve insan iki tarihsel varlıktır. Dil beşerî bir yetenektir ve belli durumlara bağlı olarak meydana gelmektedir. Dilin anlam üretme ve aktarma aracı olması da onun özelliğinin ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır. Bir ulusun dili, onun dini, tarihi ve kültürel değerleriyle bir arada bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca dilin iletişimde birçok işlevi olduğu bilinen bir gerçektir.
Kur’ân, kendisine has nazmı, lafzı, üslubu ve anlamıyla, insanları ve cinleri bir benzerini getirmekten âciz bırakmaktadır. İnsanlar için bir hidayet kaynağı olan Kur’an ve hadislerde, çeşitli kalıplarda sorular bulunmaktadır. Bu sorular muhatabın nesnel değerlendirme yeteneğini geliştirmek, bazı gerçeklere dikkat çekerek düşünmesini sağlamak, ona problem çözme yönteminin temel kurallarını öğretmek ve böylece öz değerlendirme yapabilmesini sağlama amacını taşımaktadır.
Las nuevas derechas: un desafío para las democracias actuales
Authors:   Universidad Icesi, Albarracín Juan , Bravo Omar Alejandro ,   Universidad Icesi, Cajas Sarria Mario Alberto ,   Universidad Icesi, Desviat Manuel ,   Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Durán Maximiliano ,   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Kohan Walter Omar ,   Universidad del Estado de Río de Janeiro, Ravindran Tathagatan ,   Universidad Icesi, Lizondo Diaz Tatiana ,   Asociación Departamental de Antropólogos de La Paz, Bolivia, Martins Hildeberto Vieira ,   Universidad Federal Fluminense
Published: December 2020

Como reza el título de este libro, las nuevas derechas desafían gravemente las democracias actuales. En las páginas que siguen, un grupo de científicos sociales han sido capaces de analizar, a través de estudios de caso muy bien elegidos, algunas de las peligrosas consecuencias del ascenso de la extrema derecha y del (neo)fascismo en todo el mundo y, en el caso que nos ocupa, en América Latina. Solo así puede desenmascararse la falsa ambigüedad con que a veces se presenta, contribuyendo a un pensamiento crítico y a una conciencia crítica que resulta hoy de una necesidad imperiosa para sustentar y reforzar un imprescindible y militante sentimiento antifascista [Rafael Huertas]
Augmentation of modified Alvarado score with abdominal ultrasound in diagnosis of acute appendicitis
Authors: Sharma Shipra , Soni Ankit , Kumar Sanjay , Poptani Manoj
Published: December 2020

Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the commonest surgical emergencies. But confirming the diagnosis of acute appendicitis is still a subjective issue for clinicians. Modified Alvarado score is based on clinical and laboratory findings which is scored upto 9. Management of 5 to 7 modified Alvarado score came under equivocal. Either may be conservative or operative.Methods: We augmented the modified Alvarado score with abdominal ultrasound in diagnosis of acute appendicitis.Results: Outcomes were evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and negative appendicectomy rate, results of our study are sensitivity 95.7%, specificity is 76.92%, PPV 93.75% and NPV 33.34%.Conclusions: Overall increased sensitivity, specificity, NPV and PPV of the augmented approach is useful for diagnosis of acute appendicitis which scored under 5-7 of modified Alvarado scoring system.
Steel Companies in a Turmoil of “Trade Wars”: A View from Turkey
Authors: GÖZKAMAN Armağan , USTABAŞ Ayfer , AFACAN FINDIKLI Mine M.
Published: December 2020

The tariffs imposed by the United States on Turkish-origin steel products in 2018 undeniably affected the strategic behavior of steel companies based in Turkey. The objective of this paper is to analyze through semi-structured interviews how the trade strategy of Turkish steel firms is affected by these tariffs. Conventional wisdom commends that corporate response of steel companies against the tariff imposition focused mostly on two main strategies: seeking alternative markets and innovation-based product diversification. Our findings suggest that, a mixture of political and economic reasons lie behind the levies -and this makes the Turkish case interesting in the overall trade wars between the U.S. and a multitude of countries, especially in the emerging-market concept.
How Do Disruptive Innovators Prepare Today's Students to Be Tomorrow's Workforce?: Scholas' Approach to Engage Youth
Authors: Denaro Desirée
Published: December 2020

The lack of motivation and sense of community within schools have proven to be the two most relevant factors behind the decision to drop out. Despite the notable progress made in school access in countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, dropping out of school has still been a problem. This paper explores Scholas Occurrentes pedagogical approach to address these dropouts. Scholas focuses on the voice of students. It seeks to act positively on their motivation by listening to them, creating spaces for discussion, and strengthening soft skills and civic engagement. Scholas aims to enhance the sense of community within schools by gathering students from different social and economic backgrounds and involving teachers, families, and societal actors. This will break down the walls between schools and the whole community. This paper presents Scholas work with three examples from Paraguay, Haiti, and Argentina. It analyzes the positive impacts that Scholas' intervention had on the participants. Then, it focuses on future challenges regarding the scalability and involvement of the institutions in the formulation of new public policies. The approach highlights the participatory nature of education and the importance of all actors engagement.
Investigation of Solar Cell Factors using Fuzzy Set Technique
Authors: Rasheed Mohammed S.
Published: December 2020

Fuzzy set technique has been used to demonstrate the physical factors of a silicon solar cell. The physical parameters of a solar cell are calculated experimentally in outdoor measurement and the obtained values are compared with those obtained theoretically. The comparison results showed a good agreement using these two methods.