bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Authenticity of Myriad Things in the Zhuangzi
Authors: Hsu Chiayu
Published: March 2019

A large quantity of past research in philosophical Daoism has been dedicated to the authenticity of “dao”; this essay shifts the focus to the authenticity of the “myriad things 萬物 (wanwu)” in the Zhuangzi. The concept of “myriad things”, which later gains paradigmatic importance in Chinese philosophy, was first introduced in the Laozi and developed in the Zhuangzi. Under the collective heading of “myriad”, “myriad things” encompasses all of the variegated existing entities in the empirical world, while also taking into account the individual particularities of each entity without calling forth any singular or set of qualities, or “essence”, that is shared by all individuals. As a concept that safeguards individual particularities, the use of “myriad things” in the Zhuangzi serves to counterargue against the essentialist tendency to treat “humans 人 (ren)” as a collective of moral agents with a singular and identifiable moral essence. By the same token, Daoist thinkers re-interpret the meaning of “heaven 天 (tian)” with “the collective name of the myriad things 萬物之總名”, thus transferring the transcendent meaning belonging to the former as a transcendent moral authority to the myriad variegated principles that are inherent to each existing and transforming individual. The Daoist theoretical frame breaks away from that of “heaven–human” and connects the re-interpreted “heaven” with concepts of “self-so/self-affirm 自然 (ziran)”, “essentials 情 (qing)”, “nature 性 (xing)”, and “potency 德 (de)”. In this respect, “authenticity 真 (zhen)”, as it is warranted by “non-action 無為 (wuwei)”, is proposed as an ultimate state of attainment that is identified with the self-realization of each individual being as herself, over and above the so-called moral goodness and its opposite. Furthermore, the self-realization of the authenticity of the myriad things is seemingly paradoxical in the sense that, from the perspective of the “transformation of the myriad things 萬物之化”, the separation between object and subject both exists and is non-existent. The proposition of “myriad things” opposes the essentialization of human beings, whereas the doctrine of the transformation of the myriad things opposes the belief in fixed essentials in individual entities. The road to realizing “authenticity” as herself is thus a never-ending process for each individual member of the myriad things.
Environmental Sustainability of Pasta Production Chains: An Integrated Approach for Comparing Local and Global Chains
Authors: Recchia Lucia , Cappelli Alessio , Cini Enrico , Garbati Pegna Francesco , Boncinelli Paolo
Published: March 2019

Major pasta industries have started to evaluate the environmental footprint of their productions exploiting both Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and, in some cases, Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) methodologies. In this research, two different pasta production chains were considered: a “high-quality pasta” chain (referred here as “local or regional scenario”), which follows traditional procedures in a Tuscan farm that uses only ancient wheat varieties; and a “conventional pasta” one (referred here as “global or industrial scenario”), in which pasta is produced using national and international grains, following industrial processes. An integrated methodology based on both an Environmental Impacts ANalysis (EIAN) approach and the LCA has been developed, analyzing five environmental compartments (i.e., soil, water, air, resources, climate change) and a total number of ten expected environmental pressures. As a result, the high-quality pasta chain shows a better performance in terms of risk reduction of soil degradation and agrobiodiversity loss, as well as the consumption of non-renewable resources; this is mainly due to the use of lower quantity of chemicals, a lower mechanization level in the agricultural phase, and the use of ancient grains. However, the conventional pasta chain prevails in terms of a more efficient exploitation of land and water resources, due to higher yields and the use of more efficient sprayers, and also in reducing noise emitted by the overall production equipment.
Do You Care for Robots That Care? Exploring the Opinions of Vocational Care Students on the Use of Healthcare Robots
Authors: van Kemenade Margo A. M. , Hoorn Johan F. , Konijn Elly A.
Published: March 2019

Background: There has been a rapid increase in the population of senior citizens in many countries. The shortage of caregivers is becoming a pressing concern. Robots are being deployed in an attempt to fill this gap and reduce the workload of caregivers. This study explores how healthcare robots are perceived by trainee care professionals. Methods: A total of 2365 students at different vocational levels completed a questionnaire, rating ethical statements regarding beneficence, maleficence, justice, autonomy, utility, and use intentions with regard to three different types of robots (assistive, monitoring, and companion) along with six control variables: gender, age, school year, technical skills, interest in technology, and enjoying working with computers. The scores were analyzed by MANOVA statistics. Results: In relation to our research questions: All students viewed companion robots as more beneficent than monitoring and assistive robots. Level of education did not lead to any differences in appraisal. Participants rated maleficence lowest and the highest scores were given to autonomy and utility, meaning a positive evaluation of the use of healthcare robots. Surprisingly, all students rated use intentions low, indicating a poor motivation to actually use a robot in the future, although participants stated a firmer intention for using monitoring devices. Conclusion: Care students find robots useful and expect clients to benefit from them, but still are hesitant to use robots in their future practice. This study suggests that it would be wise to enrich the curriculum of intermediate care education with practical classes on the use and ethical implications of care robots, to ensure that this group of trainee care professionals fully understand the possibilities and potential downside of this emerging kind of healthcare technology.
A Comparative Review of Manifold Learning Techniques for Hyperspectral and Polarimetric SAR Image Fusion
Authors: Hu Jingliang , Hong Danfeng , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhu Xiao Xiang
Published: March 2019

In remote sensing, hyperspectral and polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) images are the two most versatile data sources for a wide range of applications such as land use land cover classification. However, the fusion of these two data sources receive less attention than many other, because of their scarce data availability, and relatively challenging fusion task caused by their distinct imaging geometries. Among the existing fusion methods, including manifold learning-based, kernel-based, ensemble-based, and matrix factorization, manifold learning is one of most celebrated techniques for the fusion of heterogeneous data. Therefore, this paper aims to promote the research in hyperspectral and PolSAR data fusion, by providing a comprehensive comparison between existing manifold learning-based fusion algorithms. We conducted experiments on 16 state-of-the-art manifold learning algorithms that embrace two important research questions in manifold learning-based fusion of hyperspectral and PolSAR data: (1) in which domain should the data be aligned—the data domain or the manifold domain; and (2) how to make use of existing labeled data when formulating a graph to represent a manifold—supervised, semi-supervised, or unsupervised. The performance of the algorithms were evaluated via multiple accuracy metrics of land use land cover classification over two data sets. Results show that the algorithms based on manifold alignment generally outperform those based on data alignment (data concatenation). Semi-supervised manifold alignment fusion algorithms performs the best among all. Experiments using multiple classifiers show that they outperform the benchmark data alignment-based algorithms by ca. 3% in terms of the overall classification accuracy.
Are LEED-Certified Buildings Energy-Efficient in Practice?
Authors: Amiri Ali , Ottelin Juudit , Sorvari Jaana
Published: March 2019

Depletion of natural resources and climate change are undoubtedly the biggest challenges that humankind faces today. Here, buildings have a crucial role since they consume the majority, i.e., 30% to 40% of the total energy resources. Green building certification is one of the solutions to limit the energy use in buildings. In addition, it is seen to indicate a consideration for sustainability aspects in construction. LEED is the most widely used certificate worldwide. However, recently some critics have raised doubts about LEED and whether it actually implies sustainability. Most of the criticism has been targeted to the energy aspects of LEED. Nevertheless, there is no consensus on the usefulness of LEED: is it really beneficial for the environment, and is it worth of the money and time invested on the certification process? In this study a critical analysis of the literature to find an answer to this question is presented. Altogether 44 peer reviewed articles dealing with the abovementioned issue were selected out of 164 search result. Based on the studied material, the different aspects of LEED from the viewpoint of energy-efficiency are discussed. From the 44 reviewed articles, ten articles state that LEED certificate indicates energy efficiency while eight papers end up with an opposite conclusion. The rest of the papers do not take any stand on this matter. The study showed that energy efficiency of LEED-certified buildings is questionable especially at lower levels, i.e., certified. Therefore, it is recommended to modify the Energy and Atmosphere category of LEED in order to improve the actual energy performance of buildings.
A Levelized Cost Analysis for Solar-Energy-Powered Sea Water Desalination in The Emirate of Abu Dhabi
Authors: Kaya Abdullah , Tok M. Evren , Koc Muammer
Published: March 2019

The Emirate of Abu Dhabi heavily relies on seawater desalination for its freshwater needs due to limited available resources. This trend is expected to increase further because of the growing population and economic activity, the rapid decline in limited freshwater reserves, and the aggravating effects of climate change. Seawater desalination in Abu Dhabi is currently done through thermal desalination technologies, such as multi-stage flash (MSF) and multi-effect distillation (MED), coupled with thermal power plants, which is known as co-generation. These thermal desalination methods are together responsible for more than 90% of the desalination capacity in the Emirate. Our analysis indicates that these thermal desalination methods are inefficient regarding energy consumption and harmful to the environment due to CO2 emissions and other dangerous byproducts. The rapid decline in the cost of solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems for energy production and reverse osmosis (RO) technology for desalination makes a combination of these two an ideal option for a sustainable desalination future in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. A levelized cost of water (LCW) study of a solar PV + RO system indicates that Abu Dhabi is well-positioned to utilize this technological combination for cheap and clean desalination in the coming years. Countries in the Sunbelt region with a limited freshwater capacity similar to Abu Dhabi may also consider the proposed system in this study for sustainable desalination.
Traceability in Textile and Clothing Supply Chains: Classifying Implementation Factors and Information Sets via Delphi Study
Authors: Agrawal Tarun Kumar , Pal Rudrajeet
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study is twofold. First, to explore and classify factors influencing traceability implementation, and second, to cluster essential traceability-related information that demands recording and sharing with businesses and customers, in the context of the textile and clothing supply chain. A Delphi study is conducted with 23 experts (including research practitioners and industry experts) to explore, validate, and classify traceability factors and related information using distribution analyses and hierarchal clustering. As a result, 14 factors and 19 information sets are identified and classified with a moderately high agreement among the experts. Among these, risk management, product authentication, and visibility are the highest ranked and the most important factors influencing traceability implementation in the textile and clothing supply chain. While origin, composition, and sustainability-related information are crucial for sharing with customers, the information vital to businesses includes manufacturer/supplier details, product specifications, and composition. It is noteworthy that this research is among the few that classifies traceability factors and information through expert perspectives, and it creates decisive knowledge of traceability for the textile and clothing supply chain. It further provides insights on the extent to which this information can be shared among supply chain actors. Outcomes of this study can be helpful for the development of an information traceability framework. Policymakers can use the results to draft traceability guidelines/regulations, whilst top management can develop traceability-related strategies.
Study on Efficient Utilization Technology of Coal Pillar Based on Gob-Side Entry Driving in a Coal Mine with Great Depth and High Production
Authors: Li Xinyue , Zhang Nong , Xie Zhengzheng , Liang Dongxu , Zhao Yiming
Published: March 2019

Improving the utilization of non-renewable resources takes a crucial position in circular economy. Gob-side entry driving technology has been widely applied in coal mines in China, such as in the Shilawusu mine (Ordos City, Inner Mongolia), here considered as a case study due to its high safety and resource-recovery rate. However, at present the complexity of coal pillar utilization makes it hard to fully master the key technology for coal pillar size design, which leads to huge waste of coal resources. Based on theoretical calculation and numerical simulation, this study analyzed the basic mechanical structure of coal pillar and the characteristics of its weakening failure, providing theoretical reference for efficient recovery of coal resources. In general, results of this study can be helpful in pursuing the efficient, hence sustainable, development of mines with Gob-side entry driving technology.
The Romanian Family Businesses Philosophy for Performance and Sustainability
Authors: Hategan Camelia-Daniela , Curea-Pitorac Ruxandra-Ioana , Hategan Vasile-Petru
Published: March 2019

Family businesses represent a large segment of private companies and contribute greatly to economic growth. In this context, the objectives of this paper are to identify the characteristics of Romanian family businesses, starting from their involvement and governance mechanisms, and also to investigate if these specific items allow them to act towards creating sustainable businesses. In order to achieve these objectives, we have used qualitative and quantitative research, consisting of two phases: (a) we have analyzed the reports regarding the Romanian family businesses, in order to identify their characteristics; and (b) we have empirically tested if the characteristics are correlated with company financial performance and social responsibility. The results show that Romanian family businesses are aware of the changes that may appear and that they have started to implement internal processes oriented towards sustainability. Also, the main family involvements in business were ownership, governance, management and succession, which have a correlation with the performance of their company.
Accelerating Capoeira Regeneration on Degraded Pastures in the Northeastern Amazon by the Use of Pigs or Cattle
Authors: Hohnwald Stefan , Kato Osvaldo Ryohei , Walentowski Helge
Published: March 2019

In the humid tropics of Latin America, considerable proportions of agro-scapes are covered with degraded pastures that were taken over by dense weedy shrub canopies hampering further forest succession. While tree seeds are still constantly dispersed by bats and birds, these often do not reach the soil but got stuck in the dense shrubby vegetation. While manual up-rooting of weedy shrubs or tree replantation is too expensive, we tested if burrowing pigs or trampling cattle can enhance proportions of bare soils for fallow restoration. These hypotheses were tested in on-farm experiments at Igarapé-Açu, northeastern Pará. Soil-opening effects of ten pigs (40 days + nights) and ten oxen (40 overnight stays), respectively, were tested against manual clearing and control on three plots per treatment, respectively. Ground cover percentages of bare soil, weedy shrubs, grasses, and tree species were visually determined in 40 plots/treatment before and directly after treatments, and half a year later (n = 480 samples). Both animal treatments could not really match manual clearing (62%) but pigs reached above 36% bare ground cover, while cattle just 20%. As pigs are almost omnipresent on Amazonian smallholdings and even give a modest economic refund, the use of pigs is recommended to smallholders who want to break up the lush weed layers for the benefit of forest restoration.
Prospects for Searching Thermal Effects, Non-Newtonian Gravity and Axion-Like Particles: Cannex Test of the Quantum Vacuum
Authors: Klimchitskaya Galina , Mostepanenko Vladimir , Sedmik René , Abele Hartmut
Published: March 2019

We consider the Cannex (Casimir And Non-Newtonian force EXperiment) test of the quantum vacuum intended for measuring the gradient of the Casimir pressure between two flat parallel plates at large separations and constraining parameters of the chameleon model of dark energy in cosmology. A modification of the measurement scheme is proposed that allows simultaneous measurements of both the Casimir pressure and its gradient in one experiment. It is shown that with several improvements the Cannex test will be capable to strengthen the constraints on the parameters of the Yukawa-type interaction by up to an order of magnitude over a wide interaction range. The constraints on the coupling constants between nucleons and axion-like particles, which are considered as the most probable constituents of dark matter, could also be strengthened over a region of axion masses from 1 to 100 meV.
Modelling Construction Site Cost Index Based on Neural Network Ensembles
Authors: Juszczyk Michał , Leśniak Agnieszka
Published: March 2019

Construction site overhead costs are key components of cost estimation in construction projects. The estimates are expected to be accurate, but there is a growing demand to shorten the time necessary to deliver cost estimates. The balancing (symmetry) between time of calculation and satisfaction of reliable estimation was the reason for developing a new model for cost estimation in construction. This paper reports some results from the authors’ broad research on the modelling processes in engineering related to estimation of construction costs using artificial intelligence tools. The aim of this work was to develop a model capable of predicting a construction site cost index that would benefit from combining several artificial neural networks into an ensemble. Combining selected neural networks and forming the ensemble-based models compromised their strengths and weaknesses. With the use of data including training patterns collected on the basis of studies of completed construction projects, the authors investigated various types of neural networks in order to select the members of the ensemble. Finally, three models that were assessed in terms of performance and prediction quality were proposed. The results revealed that the developed models based on ensemble averaging and stacked generalisation met the expectations of knowledge generalisation and accuracy of prediction of site overhead cost index. The proposed models offer predictions of cost in an accepted error range and prove to deliver better predictions than those based on single neural networks. The developed tools can be used in the decision-making process regarding construction cost estimation.
Stability Analysis of Darcy-Forchheimer Flow of Casson Type Nanofluid Over an Exponential Sheet: Investigation of Critical Points
Authors: Ali Lund Liaquat , Omar Zurni , Khan Ilyas , Raza Jawad , Bakouri Mohsen , Tlili I.
Published: March 2019

In this paper, steady two-dimensional laminar incompressible magnetohydrodynamic flow over an exponentially shrinking sheet with the effects of slip conditions and viscous dissipation is examined. An extended Darcy Forchheimer model was considered to observe the porous medium embedded in a non-Newtonian-Casson-type nanofluid. The governing equations were converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations using an exponential similarity transformation. The resultant equations for the boundary values problem (BVPs) were reduced to initial values problems (IVPs) and then shooting and Fourth Order Runge-Kutta method (RK-4th method) were applied to obtain numerical solutions. The results reveal that multiple solutions occur only for the high suction case. The results of the stability analysis showed that the first (second) solution is physically reliable (unreliable) and stable (unstable).
On the Structure of Finite Groupoids and Their Representations
Authors: Ibort Alberto , Rodríguez Miguel
Published: March 2019

In this paper, both the structure and the theory of representations of finite groupoids are discussed. A finite connected groupoid turns out to be an extension of the groupoids of pairs of its set of units by its canonical totally disconnected isotropy subgroupoid. An extension of Maschke’s theorem for groups is proved showing that the algebra of a finite groupoid is semisimple and all finite-dimensional linear representations of finite groupoids are completely reducible. The theory of characters for finite-dimensional representations of finite groupoids is developed and it is shown that irreducible representations of the groupoid are in one-to-one correspondence with irreducible representation of its isotropy groups, with an extension of Burnside’s theorem describing the decomposition of the regular representation of a finite groupoid. Some simple examples illustrating these results are exhibited with emphasis on the groupoids interpretation of Schwinger’s description of quantum mechanical systems.
An Intangible-Asset Approach to Strategic Business-IT Alignment
Authors: Tejada-Malaspina Miguel , Jan Alberto Un
Published: March 2019

The correct use of information technology (IT) in business is a longstanding critical issue due to the competitive advantages and performance that IT generates when it is managed strategically and correctly aligned with a business’ strategies and processes. A conceptual model is presented to investigate the effects of intangible assets and organizational capabilities on business-IT strategic alignment. Social networks between business and IT executives conform to relational capital that permits the creation of combinative capabilities; these capabilities encourage the transfer, integration, learning, and strategic use of business and IT executives’ knowledge, and affect the level of strategic business-IT alignment. This combination of social-network characteristics and organizational capabilities in order to generate strategic business-IT alignment is new.
Anti-Newtonian Expansions and the Functional Renormalization Group
Authors: Niedermaier Max
Published: March 2019

Anti-Newtonian expansions are introduced for scalar quantum field theories and classical gravity. They expand around a limiting theory that evolves only in time while the spatial points are dynamically decoupled. Higher orders of the expansion re-introduce spatial interactions and produce overlapping lightcones from the limiting isolated world line evolution. In scalar quantum field theories, the limiting system consists of copies of a self-interacting quantum mechanical system. In a spatially discretized setting, a nonlinear “graph transform” arises that produces an in principle exact solution of the Functional Renormalization Group for the Legendre effective action. The quantum mechanical input data can be prepared from its 1 + 0 dimensional counterpart. In Einstein gravity, the anti-Newtonian limit has no dynamical spatial gradients, yet remains fully diffeomorphism invariant and propagates the original number of degrees of freedom. A canonical transformation (trivialization map) is constructed, in powers of a fractional inverse of Newton’s constant, that maps the ADM action into its anti-Newtonian limit. We outline the prospects of an associated trivializing flow in the quantum theory.
Hepatitis A Strain Linked to the European Outbreaks During Gay Events between 2016 and 2017, Identified in a Brazilian Homosexual Couple in 2017
Authors: Mello Vinicius M. , Lago Barbara V. , Sousa Paulo S. F. , Mello Francisco C. A. , Souza Caroline B. , Pinto Laura C. M. , Ginuino Cleber F. , Fernandes Carlos A. S. , Aguiar Shirlei F. , Villar Lívia M. , Lampe Elisabeth , Melgaço Juliana G. , Lewis-Ximenez Lia L.
Published: March 2019

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) outbreaks among men who have sex with men (MSM) have been reported worldwide and associated primarily with sexual transmission through oral-anal sex. Here, we provide the molecular and evolutionary description of a European strain, linked to HAV outbreaks among MSM, detected in a Brazilian homosexual couple. Bayesian analysis provided evidence that the viral isolates were introduced in Brazil from Spain between the end of 2016 and the beginning of 2017.
RNA Back and Forth: Looking through Ribozyme and Viroid Motifs
Authors: Maurel Marie-Christine , Leclerc Fabrice , Vergne Jacques , Zaccai Giuseppe
Published: March 2019

Current cellular facts allow us to follow the link from chemical to biochemical metabolites, from the ancient to the modern world. In this context, the “RNA world” hypothesis proposes that early in the evolution of life, the ribozyme was responsible for the storage and transfer of genetic information and for the catalysis of biochemical reactions. Accordingly, the hammerhead ribozyme (HHR) and the hairpin ribozyme belong to a family of endonucleolytic RNAs performing self-cleavage that might occur during replication. Furthermore, regarding the widespread occurrence of HHRs in several genomes of modern organisms (from mammals to small parasites and elsewhere), these small ribozymes have been regarded as living fossils of a primitive RNA world. They fold into 3D structures that generally require long-range intramolecular interactions to adopt the catalytically active conformation under specific physicochemical conditions. By studying viroids as plausible remains of ancient RNA, we recently demonstrated that they replicate in non-specific hosts, emphasizing their adaptability to different environments, which enhanced their survival probability over the ages. All these results exemplify ubiquitous features of life. Those are the structural and functional versatility of small RNAs, ribozymes, and viroids, as well as their diversity and adaptability to various extreme conditions. All these traits must have originated in early life to generate novel RNA populations.
Non-Pathogenic Mopeia Virus Induces More Robust Activation of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells than Lassa Virus
Authors: Schaeffer Justine , Reynard Stéphanie , Carnec Xavier , Pietrosemoli Natalia , Dillies Marie-Agnès , Baize Sylvain
Published: March 2019

Lassa virus (LASV) causes a viral haemorrhagic fever in humans and is a major public health concern in West Africa. An efficient immune response to LASV appears to rely on type I interferon (IFN-I) production and T-cell activation. We evaluated the response of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) to LASV, as they are an important and early source of IFN-I. We compared the response of primary human pDCs to LASV and Mopeia virus (MOPV), which is very closely related to LASV, but non-pathogenic. We showed that pDCs are not productively infected by either MOPV or LASV, but produce IFN-I. However, the activation of pDCs was more robust in response to MOPV than LASV. In vivo, pDC activation may support the control of viral replication through IFN-I production, but also improve the induction of a global immune response. Therefore, pDC activation could play a role in the control of LASV infection.
Function, Architecture, and Biogenesis of Reovirus Replication Neoorganelles
Authors: Tenorio Raquel , Fernández de Castro Isabel , Knowlton Jonathan J. , Zamora Paula F. , Sutherland Danica M. , Risco Cristina , Dermody Terence S.
Published: March 2019

Most viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm of host cells form neoorganelles that serve as sites of viral genome replication and particle assembly. These highly specialized structures concentrate viral proteins and nucleic acids, prevent the activation of cell-intrinsic defenses, and coordinate the release of progeny particles. Reoviruses are common pathogens of mammals that have been linked to celiac disease and show promise for oncolytic applications. These viruses form nonenveloped, double-shelled virions that contain ten segments of double-stranded RNA. Replication organelles in reovirus-infected cells are nucleated by viral nonstructural proteins µNS and σNS. Both proteins partition the endoplasmic reticulum to form the matrix of these structures. The resultant membranous webs likely serve to anchor viral RNA–protein complexes for the replication of the reovirus genome and the assembly of progeny virions. Ongoing studies of reovirus replication organelles will advance our knowledge about the strategies used by viruses to commandeer host biosynthetic pathways and may expose new targets for therapeutic intervention against diverse families of pathogenic viruses.
Permafrost Thaw with Thermokarst Wetland-Lake and Societal-Health Risks: Dependence on Local Soil Conditions under Large-Scale Warming
Authors: Selroos Jan-Olof , Cheng Hua , Vidstrand Patrik , Destouni Georgia
Published: March 2019

A key question for the evolution of thermokarst wetlands and lakes in Arctic and sub-Arctic permafrost regions is how large-scale warming interacts with local landscape conditions in driving permafrost thaw and its spatial variability. To answer this question, which also relates to risks for ecology, society, and health, we perform systematic model simulations of various soil-permafrost cases combined with different surface-warming trends. Results show that both the prevalence and the thaw of permafrost depended strongly on local soil conditions and varied greatly with these for the same temperature conditions at the surface. Greater ice contents and depth extents, but also greater subsurface volumes thawing at depth under warming, are found for peat soils than other studied soil/rock formations. As such, more thaw-driven regime shifts in wetland/lake ecosystems, and associated releases of previously frozen carbon and pathogens, may be expected under the same surface warming for peatlands than other soil conditions. Such risks may also increase in fast permafrost thaw in mineral soils, with only small thaw-protection effects indicated in the present simulations for possible desertification enhancement of mineral soil covers.
Rainfall Spatial Estimations: A Review from Spatial Interpolation to Multi-Source Data Merging
Authors: Hu Qingfang , Li Zhe , Wang Leizhi , Huang Yong , Wang Yintang , Li Lingjie
Published: March 2019

Rainfall is one of the most basic meteorological and hydrological elements. Quantitative rainfall estimation has always been a common concern in many fields of research and practice, such as meteorology, hydrology, and environment, as well as being one of the most important research hotspots in various fields nowadays. Due to the development of space observation technology and statistics, progress has been made in rainfall quantitative spatial estimation, which has continuously deepened our understanding of the water cycle across different space-time scales. In light of the information sources used in rainfall spatial estimation, this paper summarized the research progress in traditional spatial interpolation, remote sensing retrieval, atmospheric reanalysis rainfall, and multi-source rainfall merging since 2000. However, because of the extremely complex spatiotemporal variability and physical mechanism of rainfall, it is still quite challenging to obtain rainfall spatial distribution with high quality and resolution. Therefore, we present existing problems that require further exploration, including the improvement of interpolation and merging methods, the comprehensive evaluation of remote sensing, and the reanalysis of rainfall data and in-depth application of non-gauge based rainfall data.
Shoreline Dynamics and Evaluation of Cultural Heritage Sites on the Shores of Large Reservoirs: Kuibyshev Reservoir, Russian Federation
Authors: Nicu Ionut Cristi , Usmanov Bulat , Gainullin Iskander , Galimova Madina
Published: March 2019

Over the last decades, the number of artificial reservoirs around the world has considerably increased. This leads to the formation of new shorelines, which are highly dynamic regarding erosion and deposition processes. The present work aims to assess the direct human action along the largest reservoir in Europe—Kuibyshev (Russian Federation) and to analyse threatened cultural heritage sites from the coastal area, with the help of historical maps, UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle), and topographic surveys. This approach is a necessity, due to the oscillating water level, local change of climate, and to the continuous increasing of natural hazards (in this case coastal erosion) all over the world. Many studies are approaching coastal areas of the seas and oceans, yet there are fewer studies regarding the inland coastal areas of large artificial reservoirs. Out of the total number of 1289 cultural heritage sites around the Kuibyshev reservoir, only 90 sites are not affected by the dam building; the rest had completely disappeared under the reservoir’s water. The scenario of increasing and decreasing water level within the reservoir has shown the fact that there must be water oscillations greater than ±1 m in order to affect the cultural heritage sites. The results show that the coastal area is highly dynamic and that the complete destruction of the last remaining Palaeolithic site (Beganchik) from the shoreline of Kuibyshev reservoir is imminent, and immediate mitigation measures must be undertaken.
Application of Fuzzy TOPSIS to Flood Hazard Mapping for Levee Failure
Authors: Kim Tae Hyung , Kim Byunghyun , Han Kun-Yeun
Published: March 2019

This paper proposes a new approach to consider the uncertainties for constructing flood hazard maps for levee failure. The flood depth, velocity, and arrival time were estimated by the 2-Dimensional model and were considered as flood indices for flood hazard mapping. Each flood index predicted from the 2-D flood analysis based on several scenarios was fuzzified to reflect the uncertainties of the indices. The fuzzified flood indices were integrated using the Fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), resulting in a single graded flood hazard map. This methodology was applied to the Gam river in South Korea and confirmed that the Fuzzy MCDM (Multiple Criteria Decision Making) technique can be used to produce flood hazard maps. The flood hazard map produced in this study compared with the current flood hazard map of MOLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transports). This study found that the proposed methodology was more advantageous than the current methods with regard to the accuracy and grading of the flood areas, as well as in regard to an integrated single map. This report is expected to be expand upon other floods, including dam failure and urban flooding.
YOUNG PRECARIUM AND VARIOUS FORMS OF SELF-EDUCATION: TO THE ISSUE OF THE RELEVANCE OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Honcharova Olena
Published: March 2019

It is emphasized that modern young people often view various practices of self-education as an alternative to higher education by motivating their position that these practices provide them with labor mobility, the possibility of quick professional retraining, and also occur within relatively short periods of time.
INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL CHARACTER OF THE PERSON’S OUTLOOK
Authors: Kapustin Sergiy
Published: March 2019

The education itself possesses the potential of interpersonal communication within which the person has the possibility to return to ontological foundations of selfidentification and selfrealization. The outlook task of education is to help to systematize them into the exact systematic unity which makes the foundation for the unity formation of the cognitive and praxeological means of human personality. For that it is necessary the human multi-facet development within the framework of the pedagogical philosophical discourse the theoretical and methodological problems of the outlook development. It is the direction at the cognitive and practical activity of the person.
HOSPITALITY AS A SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PHENOMEN: UKRAINIAN CONTEXT
Authors: Harbar Halina
Published: March 2019

Hospitality is investigated as a holistic social and cultural phenomenon. The specific character of Ukrainian hospitality is due to the peculiarities of cultural and historical development, largely because of the medial location of the Ukrainian ethnic group in the conditions of geographical neighborhood with the population of border areas. In the most general and integral philosophical and existential sense, hospitality is a form of attitude towards the "Other", "Alien", which involves a benevolent and respectful attitude towards it. In this sense, it is opposite to another fundamental form of attitude towards "Alien" - hostility, which is characterized by conflict, aggression, conquest and destruction. Hospitality is a means of transforming an unknown stranger into a familiar person, who, after giving a hospitable reception, becomes in a certain sense a “right” person.
PEDAGOGICAL DISCOURSE RESOURCES AND INCENTIVES IN THE MODERN UKRAINIAN SOCIETY
Authors: Syladiy Ivan
Published: March 2019

Educational and scientific discourses unfold and function within the framework of pedagogical discourse as an integrated form in which it is impossible to delineate them clearly. At the same time, different subjects co-operate in the pedagogical discourse, although the definitive pair of such interactions is a student and a teacher. Modern pedagogical discourse operates with different contexts, appealing to the new information situation and transformation of knowledge into direct productive force. Attention is drawn to the subject who, being involved in pedagogical discourse, involuntarily expands not only the scope of own educational activity, but also joins to the full extent of the discursive and communicative events of the community, culture, and society.
RETRO-INTROSPECTION ON RELIGIOUS DEBATE AND CONFLICT IN POST-COLONIAL INDIA AND POSSIBLE SUGGESTIONS TO IMPROVE THE SITUATION
Authors: Valmiki Amita
Published: March 2019

Many Indian thinkers and activists like M. K. Gandhi, B. R. Ambedkar and others put their heart and soul to find out the origin of the problem. In this paper I have tried to introspect on the philosophy of these two great activists who ventured in to providing solution to the rift and hatred among the communities in India. The basic material is to refer to their views from various authors’ books and articles.
Diffusion des rayons X par un cristal moléculaire : application à l'hexaméthylènetétramine
Authors: Deprez Gilbert , Devos Liévin
Published: March 2019

On se place dans l'hypothèse des molécules rigides ; cet exposé est limité au cas des cristaux de symétrie suffisante pour que les molécules aient leurs axes principaux d'inertie parallèles.

Il est montré que dans ces conditions :

— le pouvoir diffusant du cristal s'exprime simplement en fonction des déplacements moléculaires ;

— que seuls, les mouvements de translation sont accessibles à la mesure, si le vecteur de diffusion X est suivant un axe de symétrie commun aux molécules ;

— que si X est contenu dans un plan de symétrie (m) commun aux molécules, alors les librations interviennent d'une façon simple.

Ces résultats sont appliqués à l'interprétation de la diffusion des rayons X par un cristal d'hexaméthylènetétramine .

L'étude expérimentale faite pour X suivant l'axe [-4] et l'axe d'ordre 3, puis pour X contenu dans le plan de symétrie défini par ces deux axes, permet de déterminer six coefficients de couplage : A₁ = — 2250, B₁ = — 1520, A₂ = — 3520, B₂ = 345, α₁ = 0,61 • 10⁻¹³, β₂ = 0,17 • 10⁻¹³ exprimés dans le système CGS.

Il est précisé de quelle façon on peut déterminer le pouvoir diffusant du 2e ordre P₁ au moyen d'un modèle approché, quelles sont les conditions expérimentales que l'on doit choisir, et comment les déterminer, si on veut atteindre P₁ avec quelque précision.
Étude cristallographique du perchlorate d'aquo-cis-bis (histamino) perchloratonickel (II) . Exemple de complexe contenant le ligand perchlorate
Authors: Bonnet Jean-Jacques , Jeannin Yves
Published: March 2019

Le perchlorate d'aquo-cis-bis (histamino) perchloratonickel (II) cristallise dans le système triclinique. Le groupe spatial est P[-1]. 2 783 réflexions d'un monocristal ont été enregistrées à la température ambiante. L'affinement par moindres carrés, en inversant la totalité de la matrice des équations normales, a conduit à un facteur R égal à 0,10. Chaque atome de nickel possède un environnement octaédrique légèrement déformé. Les deux molécules d'histamine, en position cis l'une par rapport à l'autre, sont chélatées au nickel par l'intermédiaire des atomes d'azote amine primaire de la chaîne latérale et cétimine du cycle imidazole. La molécule d'eau ainsi qu'un ion perchlorate sont liés au nickel par liaison de coordination.
Application de la résonance paramagnétique électronique de l'ion Fe3+ à l'étude de la structure des feldspaths
Authors: Gaite Jean-Marie , Michoulier Jean
Published: March 2019

La résonance paramagnétique électronique de l'ion Fe³⁺ dans les feldspaths a permis de confirmer le caractère ordonné ou désordonné de ces minéraux.

On a déterminé les constantes de l'hamiltonien de spin de l'ion Fe³⁺ dans les différents feldspaths et précisé la position des axes R. P. E.

Pour les feldspaths alcalins, on a montré que les ions Fe³⁺, ainsi que les ions Al³⁺, sont sur un seul site dans l'albite et le microcline maximum et sur les deux sites symétriques par rapport au plan (010) dans l'orthose et l'adulaire. Une expérience de diffusion a montré l'influence de la distribution des ions K⁺ et Na⁺ sur la résolution des spectres.

Dans la série des plagioclases, nous avons mis en évidence la structure péristérite de l'oligoclase, montré que le champ cristallin au niveau de l'ion Fe³⁺ est le même dans les cristaux de structure intermédiaire et dans la bytownite, et vu que l'anorthite est ordonnée.
Les éclogites de la région nantaise (de Campbon au Cellier, Loire Atlantique)
Authors: Velde Bruce
Published: March 2019

L'étude pétrographique, minéralogique et chimique des éclogites et roches associées qui affleurent dans la région de Nantes a permis d'établir les conditions physiques dans lesquelles ces roches ont pu se former, ainsi que celles qui ont présidé à leur amphibolitisation. Ces conditions seraient de l'ordre de 10 Kb et 600°C pour la formation de la paragenèse éclogitique, et de 7,5 Kb et 580° C pour l'amphibolitisation, en considérant, dans tous les cas, une activité élevée de l'eau.

Les résultats apportés par le présent travail permettent, avec l'aide de données existant dans la littérature, de définir une limite entre faciès éclogite et faciès amphibolite, toujours pour une activité de l'eau élevée, depuis son origine à basse température, jusqu'à la limite d'apparition du faciès granulite.

Cette étude comporte 34 analyses nouvelles : 26 analyses de minéraux et 8 analyses de roches totales.
Analyse des éléments majeurs des roches silicatées par spectrométrie de fluorescence X
Authors: Gabis Victor , Sichère Marie-Claude
Published: March 2019

Une nouvelle méthode d'analyse chimique par fluorescence X, convenant au dosage d'échantillons de compositions très variées, silicatés ou non, grâce à l'emploi d'un étalon synthétique de composition très proche de celle de l'échantillon à analyser, est décrite en détail. La reproductibilité, l'exactitude et la limite inférieure de détection de la méthode proposée sont examinées successivement.
Structure cristalline du polyphosphate de manganèse˗ammonium
Authors: Qui Duc Tran , Tordjman Isaac , Averbuch Marie-Thérèse , Bassi Gérard
Published: March 2019

Mn(NH₄)₂(PO₃)₄ crystallises in the monoclinic space group P2₁/n. There are four molecular units in the cell with of a = 11.297 Å ; b = 12.993 Å ; c = 7.839 Å ; β = 101.50. This compound is a polyphosphate with infinite (PO₃)∞ chains with a period of eight tetraedra. The chain are parallel to the [101] direction. Cations Mn²⁺ are octahedrally coordinated while (NH₄)[I], (NH₄)[II] have respectively eleven and ten oxygen neighbours.
Structure cristalline de δ˗Sm Li O2
Authors: Gondrand Monique
Published: March 2019

δ˗Sm Li O2 est monoclinique avec une maille, a = 5,707 Å ; b = 6,024 Å ; c = 5,647 Å ; β = 103°03' renfermant quatre unités moléculaires. La structure cristalline est décrite dans le groupe spatial P2₁/c. Nous avons mis en évidence un voisinage de sept atomes d'oxygène pour l'atome de samarium.
L'oosterboschite (Pd, Cu)7 Se5, une nouvelle espèce minérale et la trogtalite cupro˗palladifère de Musonoï (Katanga)
Authors: Johan Zdenek , Picot Paul , Pierrot Roland , Verbeek Théodore
Published: March 2019

L'oosterboschite, (Pd, Cu)₇Se₅ a été trouvée à Musonoï (Katanga), associée à la trogtalite cupro˗palladifère et à un autre minéral non identifié. Le diagramme de poudre a pu être indicé (méthode d'Ito) avec : a = 10,42 ± 0,02 ; b = 10,60 ± 0,02 ; c = 14,43 ± 0,02 Å ; V = 1 594 Å³ ; Z = 8 ; dx = 8,48 ; raies intenses du diagramme de poudre : 4,48 (6) ; 2,736 (7D) ; 2,647 (10) ; 2,600 (8) ; 2,244 (7D) ; 1,935 (7) ; 1,903 (7) ; 1,847 (8).

En lumière réfléchie, l'oosterboschite est blanc-jaune avec une pointe de crème ; entre nicols croisés, anisotropie assez intense dans des teintes de gris bleuté à gris brunâtre. Pouvoir réflecteur en % : 40,6-43,9 (4 200 Å) ; 44,8-49,5 (5 400 Å) ; 43,0-48,1 (6 400 Å). Macles polysynthétiques. Microdureté (Vickers) : 340 kg/mm². Deux analyses à la microsonde électronique ont donné : Se = 38,8-39,2 ; Pd = 44,9-44,1 ; Cu = 17,1-16,7 ; total = 100,8-100,0. Les résultats conduisent à la formule (Pd, Cu)₇Se₅. Le nom est donné en l'honneur de M. R. Oosterbosch.

Le trogtalite palladifère montre la composition (analyse à la microsonde électronique) : Se = 69,8 ; Co = 17,1 ; Cu = 9,00 ; Pd = 4,7 ; total = 100,6 ; cubique, a = 5,93 Å.
La camptonite de San Feliú de Buxalleu (province de Gérone, Espagne)
Authors: Velde Danielle , Tournon Jean
Published: March 2019

A camptonite dyke occuring near San Feliú de Buxalleu has been subjected to detailed petrographic study. The rock is composed of altered olivine, clinopyroxene and brown amphibole phenocrysts in a groundmass of basic plagioclase, analcite and brown amphibole. There are three generations of clinopyroxene, the latest being comparatively enriched in Al and Ti and poor in Si. The brown amphibole phenocrysts were found to be of pargasite-ferrohastingsite composition, and can be called kaersutite.

A comparison is made between this rock and the type camptonite from New Hampshire (U. S. A.), and a new analysis is given for the amphibole from this latter rock.

This study is based upon six new chemical analysis.