bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Social Justice Consultation Corps: An interdisciplinary training initiative
Authors: Bayne Hannah B. , Mejia Jeannette , Mosley Della V.
Published: December 2022

The importance of preparing counselors to be social justice‐oriented practitioners is established, though there is a need for models of social justice training. In this study, we describe a pilot program of the Social Justice Consultation Corps. We identify the theoretical foundations, describe activities, and present implications for future directions.
Comparison of Two Different Biosorbents for Heavy Metal Removal
Authors: Bensenane Dhina Fadia Khadoudja , Nassrallah Noureddine , Choukchou-Braham Abderrahim
Published: December 2022

Pistachia lentiscus (LPw) and date palm leaves (PDw) are two biosorbents that are mainly used for the removal of chromium and cobalt from an aqueous solution. These biosorbents were characterized by physicochemical procedures, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zero charge point, Boehm method, and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) method. Various parameters, such as contact time, biosorbent quantities, diameter of the biosorbent particles, ionic strength, initial pH, and initial concentration of solutions, were optimized. The reactions of PDw+Co, LP+Co, and LPw+Cr exhibited similar isotherm profiles of type L, but indicated isotherm type C in the reaction PDw+Cr profile, according to the BET classification. All reactions mentioned above were described by the Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherm models, with R2 greater than 0.97. The kinetics most likely followed the pseudo‐second‐order model which was confirmed by error calculation.
One‐pot Synthesis of Phosphorus‐modified ZSM‐5 Zeolite by Solid‐state Method and its MTO Catalytic Performance
Authors: Zhou Zihan , Wang Xingwen , Li Junjie , Gao Yu , Yu Rui , Jiang Rongli
Published: December 2022

The traditional hydrothermal synthesis strategy of ZSM‐5 zeolite is energy‐consumption accompanying by pollution issues. Herein, phosphorus‐modified layered ZSM‐5 zeolites (PZ) were obtained by one‐pot synthesis under solvent‐free conditions. The synthesized samples were fully characterized by XRD, SEM, BET, NH3‐TPD and FTIR. The effect of phosphorus addition on the morphology and catalytic activity of ZSM‐5 was investigated. The results showed that phosphorus‐modified ZSM‐5 zeolites exhibited higher light olefin (ethylene and propylene) selectivity (above 50 %) and longer catalytic lifetime (33 h) in methanol to olefin (MTO) reaction when the weight hourly space velocity was 4 h−1. Phosphorus‐modified ZSM‐5 zeolite synthesized by in situ solvent‐free method, which not only reduced the discharge of sewage but also showed a simple method to realize the introduction of phosphorous species, which provided a new idea for phosphorus modification of ZSM‐5 zeolite.
Readily Accessible Strained Difunctionalized trans‐Cyclooctenes with Fast Click and Release Capabilities**
Authors: Sondag Daan , Maartense Luuk , de Jong Heleen , de Kleijne Frank F. J. , Bonger Kimberly M. , Löwik Dennis W. P. M. , Boltje Thomas J. , Dommerholt Jan , White Paul B. , Blanco‐Ania Daniel , Rutjes Floris P. J. T.
Published: December 2022

The click reaction between a functionalized trans‐cyclooctene (TCO) and a tetrazine (Tz) is a compelling method for bioorthogonal conjugation in combination with payload releasing capabilities. However, the synthesis of difunctionalized TCOs remains challenging. As a result, these compounds are poorly accessible, which impedes the development of novel applications. In this work, the scalable and accessible synthesis of a new bioorthogonal difunctionalized TCO is reported in only four single selective high yielding steps starting from commercially available compounds. The TCO‐Tz click reaction was assessed and revealed excellent kinetic rates and subsequently payload release was shown with various functionalized derivatives. Tetrazine triggered release of carbonate and carbamate payloads was demonstrated up to 100 % release efficiency and local drug release was shown in a cellular toxicity study which revealed a >20‐fold increase in cytotoxicity.
Regioregular Non‐Fused Polymerized Small Molecular Acceptors Enabling Efficient All‐Polymer Solar Cells†
Authors: Wu Baoqi , Li Youle , Tian Shizeng , Zhang Yue , Pan Langheng , Liu Kangzhe , Yang Mingqun , Huang Fei , Cao Yong , Duan Chunhui
Published: December 2022

Comprehensive Summary

The regioregularity induced by the isomers of the end‐groups has been widely recognized as a key factor that determines the photovoltaic properties of polymerized small molecular acceptors (PSMAs) in all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs). However, the influence of regioregularity on the photovoltaic properties of non‐fused PSMAs has not been explored yet. In this contribution, two regioregular non‐fused PSMAs, PFBTz‐T‐γ and PFBTz‐T‐δ, were synthesized for the first time by using the monomers with isomeric pure end‐groups. Compared with PFBTz‐T‐δ, PFBTz‐T‐γ has more compact and more ordered packing in solid state, which results in a more red‐shifted optical absorption and a higher electron mobility. More remarkably, PFBTz‐T‐γ and PFBTz‐T‐δ exhibited huge difference in photovoltaic performance in all‐PSCs, which offered the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 9.72% and 0.52%, respectively. Further studies have unveiled that the higher PCE of PFBTz‐T‐γ is due to more efficient exciton dissociation, higher and more balanced electron/hole mobility, and less charge recombination as a result of favorable morphology of the blend film. This work demonstrates that the development of regioregular non‐fused PSMAs by tuning the polymerization sites is an effective strategy for obtaining high‐efficiency all‐PSCs.
Endoscopic balloon cryoablation plus transurethral resection for bladder cancer: A phase 2, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Xu Chenyang , Jiang Shuai , Zou Lujia , Sheng Lu , Shi Guowei , Xu Bin , Wang Zhong , Xu Danfeng , Xie Xin , Luo Jianfeng , Guo Jianming , Jiang Haowen
Published: December 2022

Background

Cryotherapy is a prevalent percutaneous ablative therapy for solid tumors. Here, we report a novel device using liquid nitrogen for endoscopic cryotherapy of bladder cancer.

Methods

In this multicenter, randomized, parallel controlled, Phase 2 trial, we compared endoscopic balloon cryoablation (EBCA) with a single instillation (SI) of pirarubicin after transurethral resection (TUR). Eligible participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to the TUR‐EBCA or TUR‐SI group. Repeat TUR or tissue biopsies were performed to evaluate residual tumor at 4 to 6 weeks after primary treatment. The primary end point was the local control rate. The secondary end points included the tumor upgrading/upstaging, catheter indwelling duration, and adverse events.

Results

In total, 205 patients received EBCA or SI after TUR between November 2017 and September 2020, of whom 163 completed all the required interventions. In the per‐protocol set, the local control rate was 91.5% (75/82) in TUR‐EBCA group compared with 76.5% (61/81) in TUR‐SI group (risk difference, 15%; 95% CI, 0.03–0.27, p < .001), meeting the criteria for noninferiority. Similar results were found in the modified intention‐to‐treat analysis. Tumor upgrading/upstaging was found in five patients from the TUR‐SI group. There was no significant difference in the catheter indwelling duration (5.1 vs. 5.2 days, p = .76) or serious adverse event rate (3.0% vs. 3.9%, p = .52). The median follow‐up time of post hoc analysis was 31 (range, 15–50) months. Patients in the TUR‐EBCA group had a better recurrence‐free survival and progression‐free survival.

Conclusion

EBCA is a safe and effective adjuvant therapy with TUR for non–muscle‐invasive bladder cancer.

Plain language summary

This is the first randomized trial that evaluated endoscopic cryotherapy after transurethral resection (TUR) of bladder tumors. The efficacy and safety analysis shows endoscopic balloon cryoablation (EBCA) is a promising alternative.

Results report that EBCA is not inferior to a single instillation of intravesical chemotherapy in eliminating residual bladder tumor. Further analysis with ∼3 years’ median follow‐up suggested a better prognosis in patients who received EBCA after TUR.
Short‐term load forecasting of multi‐scale recurrent neural networks based on residual structure
Authors: Zhao Jia , Cheng Pengyu , Hou Jiazhen , Fan Tanghuai , Han Longzhe
Published: December 2022

Accurate short‐term load forecasting plays an important role in reducing power generation costs, maintaining supply and demand balance, and stabling the power grids operation. In recent years, deep learning models based on recurrent neural networks (RNN) have been widely used in short‐term load forecasting. Nevertheless, RNN cannot extract multi‐scale features of load data, resulting in low forecasting accuracy. A model for short‐term power load forecasting of residual multiscale‐RNN (RM‐RNN) was proposed in this study. RM‐RNN uses the multilayer RNN network structure. Specifically, each layer sets the dilated convolution with different dilated coefficients to extract the multi‐scale features of the load data. Adjacent networks transfer feature information for feature fusion through the residual structures. The experiment used random sampling data training model, and compared RM‐RNN with multiple deep learning models. The experimental results demonstrated that the mean error of RM‐RNN prediction is the lowest, indicating that dilated convolution can effectively extract multi‐scale features of load data. This result verified the effectiveness of residual structure fusion features, and improved the accuracy of short‐term load forecasting.
The Effect of Terminal Bromoalkoxy Substituents on the Photochromism of Functionalized 2H‐Chromenes
Authors: Chernikova Ekaterina Y. , Perevozchikova Polina S. , Shepel Nikolai E. , Fedorova Olga A. , Fedorov Yuri V.
Published: December 2022

A series of 2,2‐diphenyl‐2H‐chromene derivatives bearing electron‐donating groups at the benzopyran ring have been synthesized. A significant effect of the bromoalkoxy chain length and the concentration of chromenes on the conversion of closed (CF) into open forms under UV irradiation and the equilibrium between TC (transoid‐cis) and TT (transoid‐trans) isomers in the photostationary state was found. For chromene derivatives, a sequential (CF→TC→TT) or parallel (CF→TC; CF→TT) mechanism of transformation of the closed form into an open one is possible. A high solution concentration contributes to a significant shift of the photochromic equilibrium towards the TT isomer. The proposed scheme of the ring‐opening reaction was confirmed by the analysis of the NMR spectra of acetonitrile solutions of chromene derivatives obtained by gradual irradiation. The results obtained are important for a deeper understanding of the nature of photochromic reactions.
AD‐associated CSF biomolecular changes are attenuated in KL‐VS heterozygotes
Authors: Driscoll Ira , Ma Yue , Lose Sarah R. , Gallagher Catherine L. , Johnson Sterling C. , Asthana Sanjay , Hermann Bruce P. , Sager Mark A. , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Engelman Corinne D. , Dubal Dena B. , Okonkwo Ozioma C.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Dementia as an inevitable aging consequence has been challenged and underscores the need for investigations of the factors that confer resilience. We examine whether the functionally advantageous KL‐VS variant of the putative aging suppressor KLOTHO gene attenuates age‐related cognitive decline and deleterious biomolecular changes.

Methods

Trajectories of change in memory and executive function (N = 360; 2–12 visits) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers—amyloid beta (Aβ)42, total tau (t‐tau), phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) (N = 112; 2–4 samplings)—were compared between KL‐VS non‐carriers and heterozygotes in middle‐aged and older adults from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention and the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center studies.

Results

Memory and executive function declined (p’s 0.001) and CSF t‐tau, p‐tau, t‐tau/Aβ42, and p‐tau/Aβ42 levels increased (all p’s 0.004) with age. The rate of p‐tau accumulation was attenuated for KL‐VS heterozygotes (p = 0.03).

Discussion

KL‐VS heterozygosity may confer resilience to AD‐associated biomolecular changes.
Applying stochastic and Bayesian integral projection modeling to amphibian population viability analysis
Authors: Messerman Arianne F. , Clause Adam G. , Gray Levi N. , Krkošek Martin , Rollins Hilary B. , Trenham Peter C. , Shaffer H. Bradley , Searcy Christopher A.
Published: December 2022

Integral projection models (IPMs) can estimate the population dynamics of species for which both discrete life stages and continuous variables influence demographic rates. Stochastic IPMs for imperiled species, in turn, can facilitate population viability analyses (PVAs) to guide conservation decision‐making. Biphasic amphibians are globally distributed, often highly imperiled, and ecologically well suited to the IPM approach. Herein, we present a stochastic size‐ and stage‐structured IPM for a biphasic amphibian, the U.S. federally threatened California tiger salamander (CTS) (Ambystoma californiense). This Bayesian model reveals that CTS population dynamics show greatest elasticity to changes in juvenile and metamorph growth and that populations are likely to experience rapid growth at low density. We integrated this IPM with climatic drivers of CTS demography to develop a PVA and examined CTS extinction risk under the primary threats of habitat loss and climate change. The PVA indicated that long‐term viability is possible with surprisingly high (20%–50%) terrestrial mortality but simultaneously identified likely minimum terrestrial buffer requirements of 600–1000 m while accounting for numerous parameter uncertainties through the Bayesian framework. These analyses underscore the value of stochastic and Bayesian IPMs for understanding both climate‐dependent taxa and those with cryptic life histories (e.g., biphasic amphibians) in service of ecological discovery and biodiversity conservation. In addition to providing guidance for CTS recovery, the contributed IPM and PVA supply a framework for applying these tools to investigations of ecologically similar species.
Recent developments and future perspectives on energy storage and conversion applications of nickel molybdates
Authors: Sanyal Gopal , Mondal Brinti , Rout Chandra Sekhar , Chakraborty Brahmananda
Published: December 2022

Transition metal oxides with two different cations in the same crystal structure are considered to perform better as catalysts due to the synergistic effects causing better charge transfer and the availability of more active sites. Chemicals with molybdate anion (MoO4−) have been proven to have vast industrial importance in arenas like catalysis, supercapacitance, nuclear medicine, calorimetry, etc. In particular, nanostructured nickel molybdate (NiMoO4) is a promising entrant as an electrode substance for sophisticated power bank applications, apart from being a catalyst for chemical reactions involving energy conversion. Engineering of NiMoO4 at different scopes has been proven to cause a vast enhancement in the catalytic performance of nanometric NiMoO4 through improvement in redox reaction kinetics during the last couple of decades. This review imparts a precise thought about NiMoO4 considering all its developments in the unearthing of properties, synthesis routes, and analyzing tunability for improvement in attributes towards focused applications.
Double‐RSOA colorless WDM‐PON for 5G fronthaul applications
Authors: de Souza Adelcio M. , Plazas Caio L. M. P. , Celino Daniel R. , Romero Murilo A.
Published: December 2022

The introduction of 5G mobile systems poses significant challenges to the design of the fronthaul structure. The dense coverage, comprising several small cells operating in the millimeter‐wave range, with an enormous number of antennas, makes conventional digital‐radio‐over‐fiber unfeasible. On the other hand, the centralized architecture of the optical fronthaul is well‐suited for the passive optical network (PON) topology, with WDM‐PON as a strong contender due to its capability to establish logical point‐to‐point optical links to each cell site. However, the large‐scale deployment of WDM‐PON requires the availability of colorless transmitters, where the same hardware is able to generate any wavelength needed by the network. In this context, this paper investigates an analog fronthaul configuration over a colorless WDM‐PON for 5G and beyond, employing the techniques of self‐seeding in the downlink and carrier reuse in the uplink. We numerically evaluated the EVM when transmitting 1.25 Gbps at 3.5 GHz and 10 Gbps at 26 GHz in a 20 km optical link. The results are within the 3GPP requirements, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed fronthaul.
Does green vertical farming offer a sustainable alternative to conventional methods of production?: A case study from Scotland
Authors: Sandison Frances , Yeluripati Jagadeesh , Stewart Derek
Published: December 2022

Climate change is an existential global reality that is placing considerable stress on agriculture sectors. With the recognition of the impacts of climate change on food security, there has been a greater uptake of controlled environment agriculture (CEA) to provide climate‐resilient and high‐quality production. Vertical farming (VF) can allow primary production in urban locations as well as reducing seasonality and variability in produce. It is emerging as an alternative to traditional farming methods. This research aimed to explore the major environmental impacts of VF produce in comparison with conventional farming methods, using lettuce as an example crop. Life cycle analysis indicate that electricity consumption by VF account for 91% of the carbon footprint. Under the 2019 Scottish electricity mix, VF did not offer a viable competitor for UK open‐farmed lettuce or Spanish imports in terms of low greenhouse gas emissions (at approximately 1.49 kgCO2 eq. kg−1). However, with increasing use of renewable electricity in the national mix, by 2020, this had dropped to 0.42 kgCO2 eq. kg−1 making it comparable with UK open‐field agriculture (at approximately 0.46 kgCO2 eq. kg−1). Under a 100% renewable electricity generation scenario, VF‐related emissions drop further (to 0.33 kgCO2 eq. kg−1). This would potentially offer a low‐carbon production method not subject to seasonality which is better than that reported by most other production methods and offers higher water and nutrient efficiency. This research highlights green VF as potential alternative for sustainable future produce especially under changing climate scenarios.
Miao sour soup influences serum lipid via regulation of high‐fat diet‐induced intestinal flora in obese rats
Authors: Zhou Qianqian , Qu Zihan , Wang Nanlan , Liu Huijuan , Yang Hongmei , Wang Huiqun
Published: December 2022

Obesity is associated with the gut microbiota and has been shown to cause gut microbiota disturbances. Our previous studies have demonstrated that Miao sour soup (SS) contains abundant short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) which can be used as energy substrates of intestinal flora to selectively stimulate their growth and reproduction. Therefore, we explored whether the intestinal microbiota of rats with high‐fat diet‐induced obesity could be restored to normal by SS intervention. Male obese rats were divided into five groups randomly after successful modeling of obese rats: normal diet, high‐fat diet (HDF), HFD + SS, HFD with antibiotic, and HFD with antibiotic + SS. After 12 weeks of intervention, the weight and serum lipid of obese rats decreased. Furthermore, 16S rRNA analysis showed an imbalance and a decrease in the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora in obese rats, which improved after SS intervention. At the phylum level, Firmicutes increased while Proteobacteria decreased. The composition of the intestinal flora recovered at the genus level, inhibiting the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, while the levels of SCFA‐producing bacteria such as Blautia and Lactococcus and the levels of SCFAs in cecal contents increased. In addition, SS reduced the levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6 in the intestinal mucosa of obese rats, increased the contents of PYY and GLP‐1 in colon tissue, and increased the expression of tight junction protein Occludin and ZO‐1 in the intestinal epithelium. Taken together, SS can regulate the intestinal flora of obese rats and improve the intestinal flora to facilitate weight loss and lipid reduction.
Physicochemical, microbial, and functional attributes of processed Cheddar cheese fortified with olive oil–whey protein isolate emulsion
Authors: Irfan Shafeeqa , Murtaza Mian Anjum , Mueen ud Din Ghulam , Hafiz Iram , Murtaza Mian Shamas , Rafique Sobia , Ameer Kashif , Abrar Muhammad , Mohamed Ahmed Isam A.
Published: December 2022

Olive (Olea europaea L.) has triacylglycerols, phenolics, and other antioxidants in its composition playing significant roles in maintaining health and reducing the onset of diseases. This study aimed to analyze the quality, antioxidant, textural profile, and sensory properties of processed Cheddar cheese fortified with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (v/w) olive oil–whey protein isolate emulsion during 60 days of storage period. The results showed that processed cheese had significantly higher (p < .05) antioxidant activity, and total phenolic and flavonoids contents, whereas nonsignificant increase (p > .05) in moisture and acidity while decreasing tendencies in pH, fat, protein, and ash contents. Sensory analysis showed that processed Cheddar cheese with 5% emulsion had higher taste, aroma, texture/appearance, overall acceptability scores, and hardness. Conclusively, results indicated that olive oil–whey protein isolate emulsion could be beneficial for manufacturing and commercializing processed cheeses, analogs, or spreads with improved nutritional value and sensory characteristics.
Microfluidic Impedance Cytometry for Single‐Cell Particulate Inorganic Carbon:Particulate Organic Carbon Measurements of Calcifying Algae
Authors: de Bruijn Douwe S. , Van de Waal Dedmer B. , Helmsing Nico R. , Olthuis Wouter , van den Berg Albert
Published: December 2022

Calcifying algae, like coccolithophores, greatly contribute to the oceanic carbon cycle and are therefore of particular interest for ocean carbon models. They play a key role in two processes that are important for the effective CO2 flux: The organic carbon pump (photosynthesis) and the inorganic carbon pump (calcification). The relative contribution of calcification and photosynthesis can be measured in algae by the amount of particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) and particulate organic carbon (POC). A microfluidic impedance cytometer is presented, enabling non‐invasive and high‐throughput assessment of the calcification state of single coccolithophore cells. Gradual modification of the exoskeleton by acidification results in a strong linear fit (R2 = 0.98) between the average electrical phase and the PIC:POC ratio of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi 920/9. The effect of different CO2 treatments on the PIC:POC ratio, however, is inconclusive, indicating that there is no strong effect observed for this particular strain. Lower PIC:POC ratios in cultures that grew to higher cell densities are found, which are also recorded with the impedance‐based PIC:POC sensor. The development of this new quantification tool for small volumes paves the way for high‐throughput analysis while applying multi‐variable environmental stressors to support projections of the future marine carbon cycle.
Functionalized MoO3 Nanosheets for High‐Efficiency RhB Removal
Authors: Ma Yuxi , Wang Lifeng , Liu Dan , Liu Yuchen , Yang Guoliang , Qian Yijun , Lei Weiwei
Published: December 2022

2D nanostructured materials have been applied for water purification in the past decades due to their excellent separation and adsorption performance. However, the functional 2D nanostructured molybdenum trioxide (MoO3)has rarely been reported for the removal of dyes. Here, functionalized MoO3 (F‐MoO3) nanosheets are successfully fabricated with a high specific surface area (106 cc g−1) by a one‐step mechanochemical exfoliation method as a highly effective adsorbent for removing dyes from water. According to the Raman, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and selected area electron diffraction analysis, functional groups (hdroxyl groups, amide groups, amine groups and amino groups) are identified in the as‐prepared F‐MoO3 nanosheets. The attached functional groups not only facilitate the dispersal ability of F‐MoO3 nanosheets but also enhance the adsorption capacities. Thus, the performance (up to 556 mg g−1 when the initial concentration of Rhodamine B solution is 100 mg L−1) of as‐prepared F‐MoO3 nanosheets is almost two times higher than other reported MoO3 materials. Furthermore, the FTIR spectra, isotherm, and several factors (e.g., adsorbent dosage and adsorbate dosage) are also systematically investigated to explore the adsorption mechanism. Therefore, this work demonstrates that the F‐MoO3 nanosheets are a promising candidate for wastewater treatment.
Evaluation of high‐performance adsorbents for separation of CO2 from industrial effluent gases
Authors: Hedayati Ali , Delica Beñat Anda , Perez‐Gil Susana , Prieto‐Fernandez Soraya
Published: December 2022

The aim of this work is the investigation of several CO2 adsorbents such as three synthetic zeolites (4A, 5A, and 13X), a natural zeolite (clinoptilolite), an activated carbon (AC), and a metal organic framework (MOF‐MIL‐53) for the postcombustion CO2 capture via temperature‐pressure swing adsorption. The adsorbents were evaluated in terms of the CO2 adsorption capacity and performance during successive adsorption–desorption cycles at different conditions (1–6 bar and 120–180°C) using different mixtures of gases simulating a combustion process stream (N2/CO2/O2/CO). The 13X zeolite showed excellent adsorption capacity of 4.3 mmolCO2/g zeolite and very stable performance during successive cycles. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epigenetic alterations in glioblastomas: Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic relevance
Authors: Montella Liliana , Cuomo Mariella , Del Gaudio Nunzio , Buonaiuto Michela , Costabile Davide , Visconti Roberta , Di Risi Teodolinda , Vinciguerra Roberta , Trio Federica , Ferraro Sara , Bove Guglielmo , Facchini Gaetano , Altucci Lucia , Chiariotti Lorenzo , Della Monica Rosa
Published: December 2022

Glioblastoma, the most common and heterogeneous tumor affecting brain parenchyma, is dismally characterized by a very poor prognosis. Thus, the search of new, more effective treatments is a vital need. Here, we will review the druggable epigenetic features of glioblastomas that are, indeed, currently explored in preclinical studies and in clinical trials for the development of more effective, personalized treatments. In detail, we will review the studies that have led to the identification of epigenetic signatures, IDH mutations, MGMT gene methylation, histone modification alterations, H3K27 mutations and epitranscriptome landscapes of glioblastomas, in each case discussing the corresponding targeted therapies and their potential efficacy. Finally, we will emphasize how recent technological improvements permit to routinely investigate many glioblastoma epigenetic biomarkers in clinical practice, further enforcing the hope that personalized drugs, targeting specific epigenetic features, could be in future a therapeutic option for selected patients.
The multifaceted impact of US trade policy on financial markets
Authors: Boer Lukas , Menkhoff Lukas , Rieth Malte
Published: December 2022

We study the multifaceted effects of trade policy shocks on financial markets using a structural vector autoregression identified via event day heteroskedasticity. We find that restrictive US trade policy shocks affect US and international stock prices heterogeneously, but generally negatively. They increase market uncertainty, lower US interest rates, and lead to an appreciation of the US dollar. The effects are significant for several weeks or quarters. Decomposing the trade policy shocks further suggests that trade policy uncertainty dominates tariff level effects. Chinese trade policy shocks against the United States further hurt US stocks.
Decellularization of cartilage microparticles: Effects of temperature, supercritical carbon dioxide and ultrasound on biochemical, mechanical, and biological properties
Authors: Sevastianov Victor I. , Basok Yulia B. , Grigoriev Alexey M. , Nemets Evgeny A. , Kirillova Alexandra D. , Kirsanova Liudmila A. , Lazhko Aleksey E. , Subbot Anastasia , Kravchik Marina V. , Khesuani Yusef D. , Koudan Elizaveta V. , Gautier Sergey V.
Published: December 2022

One of the approaches to restoring the structure of damaged cartilage tissue is an intra‐articular injection of tissue‐engineered medical products (TEMPs) consisting of biocompatible matrices loaded with cells. The most interesting are the absorbable matrices from decellularized tissues, provided that the cellular material is completely removed from them with the maximum possible preservation of the structure and composition of the natural extracellular matrix. The present study investigated the mechanical, biochemical, and biological properties of decellularized porcine cartilage microparticles (DCMps) obtained by techniques, differing only in physical treatments, such as freeze–thaw cycling (Protocol 1), supercritical carbon dioxide fluid (Protocol 2) and ultrasound (Protocol 3). Full tissue decellularization was achieved, as confirmed by the histological analysis and DNA quantification, though all the resultant DCMps had reduced glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen. The elastic modulus of all DCMp samples was also significantly reduced. Most notably, DCMps prepared with Protocol 3 significantly outperformed other samples in viability and the chondroinduction of the human adipose‐derived stem cells (hADSCs), with a higher GAG production per DNA content. A positive ECM staining for type II collagen was also detected only in cartilage‐like structures based on ultrasound‐treated DCMps. The biocompatibility of a xenogenic DCMps obtained with Protocol 3 has been confirmed for a 6‐month implantation in the thigh muscle tissue of mature rats (n = 18). Overall, the results showed that the porcine cartilage microparticles decellularized by a combination of detergents, ultrasound and DNase could be a promising source of scaffolds for TEMPs for cartilage reconstruction.
Large scale peptide screening against main protease of SARS CoV‐2
Authors: Uddin Md. Jaish , Akhter Hasina , Chowdhury Urmi , Mawah Jannatul , Karim Sanzida Tul , Jomel Mohammad , Islam Md. Sirajul , Islam Mohammad Raqibul , Onin Latifa Afrin Bhuiyan , Ali Md. Ackas , Efaz Faiyaz Md. , Halim Mohammad A.
Published: December 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic has been a public health emergency, with deadly forms constantly emerging around the world, highlighting the dire need for highly effective antiviral therapeutics. Peptide therapeutics show significant potential for this viral disease due to their efficiency, safety, and specificity. Here, two thousand seven hundred eight antibacterial peptides were screened computationally targeting the Main protease (Mpro) of SARS CoV‐2. Six top‐ranked peptides according to their binding scores, binding pose were investigated by molecular dynamics to explore the interaction and binding behavior of peptide‐Mpro complexes. The structural and energetic characteristics of Mpro‐DRAMP01760 and Mpro‐DRAMP01808 complexes fluctuated less during a 250 ns MD simulation. In addition, three peptides (DRAMP01760, DRAMP01808, and DRAMP01342) bind strongly to Mpro protein, according to the free energy landscape and principal component analysis. Peptide helicity and secondary structure analysis are in agreement with our findings. Interaction analysis of protein‐peptide complexes demonstrated that Mpro's residue CYS145, HIS41, PRO168, GLU166, GLN189, ASN142, MET49, and THR26 play significant contributions in peptide‐protein attachment. Binding free energy analysis (MM‐PBSA) demonstrated the energy profile of interacting residues of Mpro in peptide‐Mpro complexes. To summarize, the peptides DRAMP01808 and DRAMP01760 may be highly Mpro specific, resulting disruption in a viral replication and transcription. The results of this research are expected to assist future research toward the development of antiviral peptide‐based therapeutics for Covid‐19 treatment.
A novel biomarker for pleural effusion diagnosis: Interleukin‐36γ in pleural fluid
Authors: Guo Lun , Zhang Qipan , Lv Chengna , Ma Xudan , Song Xuxiang , Huang Jing , Chen Weili , Li Chaofen , Ding Qunli
Published: December 2022

Background

Numerous studies have described the critical importance of interleukin (IL) ‐36γ in host defense against lung infections, but it is unknown whether it plays a role in infectious pleural effusion (IPE). This study aimed to examine the levels of IL‐36γ in pleural effusions of different etiologies and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of IL‐36γ in the differential diagnosis of IPE.

Methods

A total of 112 individuals was enrolled in this research. IL‐36γ levels in pleural fluids of all 112 patients were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also characterized these markers' diagnostic values across various groups.

Results

Patients with tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) and parapneumonic effusion (PPE) had exhibited markedly higher IL‐36γ levels in their pleural fluid than the malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and transudative effusion patients. Furthermore, the IL‐36γ concentrations in TPE patients were evidently higher than in uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion (UPPE) patients but significantly lower than in complicated parapneumonic effusion (CPPE)/empyema patients. Pleural fluid IL‐36γ is a useful marker to differentiate TPE from UPPE, at a cut‐off value for 657.5 pg/ml (area under the curve = 0.904, p < 0.0001) with 70.0% sensitivity and 95.7% specificity.

Conclusions

The elevated IL‐36γ in pleural effusion may be used as a novel biomarker for infectious pleural effusion diagnosis, particularly in patients with CPPE/empyema, and is a potentially promising biomarker to differentiate between TPE and UPPE.
Mendelian randomisation studies of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Riglin Lucy , Stergiakouli Evie
Published: December 2022

Background

Observational studies have found Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) to be associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes as well as with early risk factors; however it is not clear whether these associations reflect causal effects. Alternatives to traditional observational studies are needed to investigate causality: one such design is Mendelian randomization (MR), which uses genetic variants as instrumental variables for the exposure.

Methods

In this review we summarise findings from approximately 50 studies using MR to examine potentially causal associations with ADHD as either an exposure or outcome.

Results

To‐date, few MR ADHD studies have investigated causal evidence with other neurodevelopmental, mental health and neurodegenerative conditions but those that have suggest a complex relationship with autism, some evidence of a causal effect on depression and limited evidence of a causal effect on neurodegenerative conditions. For substance use, MR studies provide evidence consistent with a causal effect of ADHD on smoking initiation, but findings for other smoking behaviours and cannabis use are less consistent. Studies of physical health suggest bidirectional causal effects with higher body mass index, with stronger effects for childhood obesity, as well as some evidence of causal effects on coronary artery disease and stroke in adults and limited evidence of causal effects on other physical health problems or sleep. Studies suggest bidirectional relationships between ADHD and socio‐economic markers and provide some evidence that low birthweight may be a causal risk factor for ADHD, while bidirectional evidence has been found for some environmental factors. Finally, there is emerging evidence of bidirectional causal links between ADHD genetic liability and biological markers of human metabolism and inflammation.

Conclusions

While MR has advantages over traditional observational designs in addressing causality, we discuss limitations of current ADHD studies and future directions, including the need for larger genome‐wide association studies (and using samples of different ancestries), and for triangulation with different methods.
Temporal expectations in delay of gratification
Authors: Haynes Jeremy M. , Willis‐Moore Mariah E. , Perez D. , Cousins Devanio J. , Odum Amy L.
Published: December 2022

We examined how temporal expectations influence preference reversals in a delay of gratification task for rats based on a hypothesis of Rachlin (2000), who suggested that preference for a larger‐later reward may shift in favor of a smaller‐immediate reward as a result of changes in when that larger reward is expected. To explore Rachlin's hypothesis, we preexposed two groups of rats to the delays associated with a larger‐later reinforcer from a delay of gratification task. One group experienced the delays as a function of their choices in an intertemporal choice task and the other group experienced delays yoked from the first group (independent of their behavior) in an exposure training procedure. In addition, we included a third group of rats that were not exposed to delays during preexposure training as a comparison to the other two groups. Overall, the two groups of rats that experienced delays during preexposure training tended to make fewer defection responses than the comparison group during the delay of gratification task. Consistent with Rachlin's hypothesis, our results suggest that temporal learning may influence preference reversals in a delay of gratification task, providing a number of future directions for research in this area.
Healthcare decision makers' perspectives on the creation of new genetic counselor positions in North America: Exploring the case for psychiatric genetic counseling
Authors: Chanouha Nour , Cragun Deborah L. , Pan Vivian Y. , Austin Jehannine C. , Hoell Christin
Published: December 2022

Mental illnesses are common and highly heritable. Patients and their families want and benefit from receiving psychiatric genetic counseling (pGC). Though the pGC workforce is among the smallest of genetic counseling (GC) specialties, genetic counselors (GCs) want to practice in this area. A major barrier to the expansion of the pGC workforce is limited availability of advertised positions, but it remains unclear why this is the case. We used a qualitative approach to explore drivers for and barriers to the creation of GC positions (including pGC) at large centralized genetic centers in the United States and Canada that offer multiple specialty GC services. Individuals with responsibilities for making decisions about creating new clinical GC positions were interviewed using a semi‐structured guide, and an interpretive description approach was used for inductive data analysis. From interviews with 12 participants, we developed a theoretical model describing how the process of creating new GC positions required institutional prioritization of funding, which was primarily allocated according to physician referral patterns, which in turn were largely driven by availability of genetic testing and clinical practice guidelines. Generating revenue for the institution, improving physician efficiency, and reinforcing institutional mission were all regarded as valued outcomes that bolstered prioritization of funding for new GC positions. Evidence of patient benefit arising from new GC positions (e.g., pGC) seemed to play a lesser role. These findings highlight the tension between how institutions value GC (generating revenue, reacting to genetic testing), and how the GC profession sees its value (providing patient benefit, focus on counseling).
Patient uptake of updated genetic testing following uninformative BRCA1 and BRCA2 results
Authors: Macklin‐Mantia Sarah K. , Clift Kristin E. , Maimone Santo , Hodge David O. , Riegert‐Johnson Douglas , Hines Stephanie L.
Published: December 2022

Advances have dated the genetic testing initially offered to evaluate for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer risks. Previous research has demonstrated that many patients have not updated testing. This study reviewed the incidence of additional analysis after an uninformative BRCA1/2 result and offered updated testing with limited barriers to those who had not completed. After viewing an educational video and providing informed consent, eligible patients were mailed a saliva collection kit to complete an 84‐gene hereditary cancer panel at no personal cost. A total of 704 patients had completed BRCA1/2 only testing between 2001 and 2020. Fifteen percent (N = 102) of the 671 patients with an uninformative BRCA1/2 result had already completed expanded testing. Most, 74 of 102 (73%), had been rereferred to medical genetics during a clinical visit related to cancer care. Those who had already completed additional testing were more likely to have a personal history of cancer (92% vs. 79%, p = 0.002) and live locally (p = 0.032). Invitation to complete updated testing through this study was sent to 372 people, and 116 (31%) consented to participate. For 142 of the 256 who did not proceed with testing through the study, proof of receipt of research information was available. In total, 22 pathogenic variants were reported in 21 of the 226 patients with updated testing from before and including our study: ATM (4), CHEK2 (4), LZTR1 (1), MUTYH (3), NBN (1), NF1 (1), NTHL1 (1), PALB2 (4), PMS2 (1), RAD50 (1), and SPINK1 (1). Many potential barriers of retesting were eliminated by removing personal costs or travel requirements. Still, only about 30% of patients agreed to participate, and a significant portion elected not to proceed. Future research could focus on the discovery of other factors that dissuade patients and what measures may better inform them on potential benefits.
Intersection of professional identity development and experiences of cultural insensitivity among international counselor education doctoral students
Authors: Kuo Patty , Washington Ahmad , Woo Hongryun
Published: December 2022

The authors used a qualitative research method to examine experiences of cultural insensitivity and their influences on professional identity among 13 international counselor education students. Participants described experiencing discrimination and how these experiences pushed them to incorporate advocacy into their professional identities. Participants also described the impact of discrimination on their cultural identities and the lack of global perspectives in mental health professions. Implications for counselor education are discussed.
Humoral and cellular immunity of two‐dose inactivated COVID‐19 vaccination in Chinese children: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Hao , Gan Mengze , Wu Bihao , Zeng Rui , Wang Zhen , Xu Jun , Li Jia , Zhang Yandi , Cao Jinge , Chen Li , Di Dongsheng , Peng Siyuan , Lei Jinfeng , Zhao Yingying , Song Xuemei , Yuan Tingting , Zhou Tingting , Liu Qian , Yi Jing , Wang Xi , Cai Hao , Lei Yanshou , Wen Yuying , Li Wenhui , Chen Qinlin , Wang Yufei , Long Pinpin , Yuan Yu , Wang Chaolong , Pan An , Wang Qi , Gong Rui , Fan Xionglin , Wu Tangchun , Liu Li
Published: December 2022

Children are the high‐risk group for COVID‐19, and in need of vaccination. However, humoral and cellular immune responses of COVID‐19 vaccine remain unclear in vaccinated children. To establish the rational immunization strategy of inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine for children, the immunogenicity of either one dose or two doses of the vaccine in children was evaluated. A prospective cohort study of 322 children receiving inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine was established in China. The baseline was conducted after 28 days of the first dose, and the follow‐up was conducted after 28 days of the second dose. The median titers of receptor binding domain (RBD)‐IgG, and neutralizing antibody (NAb) against prototype strain and Omicron variant after the second dose increased significantly compared to those after the first dose (first dose: 70.0, [interquartile range, 30.0–151.0] vs. second dose: 1261.0 [636.0–2060.0] for RBD‐IgG; 2.5 [2.5–18.6] vs. 252.0 [138.6–462.1] for NAb against prototype strain; 2.5 [2.5–2.5] vs. 15.0 [7.8–26.5] for NAb against Omicron variant, all p < 0.05). The flow cytometry results showed that the first dose elicited SARS‐CoV‐2 specific cellular immunity, while the second dose strengthened SARS‐CoV‐2 specific IL‐2+ or TNF‐α+ monofunctional, IFN‐γ+TNF‐α+ bifunctional, and IFN‐γ−IL‐2+TNF‐α+ multifunctional CD4+ T cell responses (p < 0.05). Moreover, SARS‐CoV‐2 specific memory T cells were generated after the first vaccination, including the central memory T cells and effector memory T cells. The present findings provide scientific evidence for the vaccination strategy of the inactive vaccines among children against COVID‐19 pandemic.
Hyperspectral technique combined with stacking and blending ensemble learning method for detection of cadmium content in oilseed rape leaves
Authors: Cheng Jiehong , Sun Jun , Yao Kunshan , Xu Min , Wang Simin , Fu Lvhui
Published: December 2022

Background

Oilseed rape, as one of the most important oil crops, is an important source of vegetable oil and protein for mankind. As a non‐essential element for plant growth, heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is easily absorbed by plants. Cd will inhibit the photosynthesis of plants, destroy the cell structure, slow the growth of plants, and affect their development and yield. It is necessary to develop a method based on visible near‐infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology to quickly and nondestructively determine the Cd content in rape leaves.

Results

Two‐layer estimation models were established by combining visible–NIR HSI with ensemble learning methods (stacking and blending). One layer used support vector regression, extreme learning machine, decision tree, and random forest (RF) as basic learners, and the other layer used support vector regression or RF as a meta learner. Different models were used to analyze the spectra of rape treated with five Cd concentrations to obtain the best prediction method. The results showed that the best model to predict Cd content was the stacking ensemble model with RF as the meta learner, with coefficient of determination for prediction of 0.9815 and root‐mean‐square error for prediction of 5.8969 mg kg−1. A pseudo‐color image was developed using this stacking model to visualize the content and distribution of Cd.

Conclusion

The combination of visible–NIR HSI technology and the stacking ensemble learning method is a feasible method to detect the Cd content in rape leaves, which has the potential of being rapid and nondestructive. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.