bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blue Ocean Strategy in a Creative Industry Environment: A Madura Batik Tulis Context
Authors: Sakdiyah Halimatus , Hidayah Linta Wafdan
Published: April 2020

Blue ocean strategy is a market created when there is no competition in the market, so researchers have objectives research, among others, to find out the strategies used in developing their business and to find out the application of Blue Ocean strategies in developing creative industries at UD. Bintang Abadi Klampar Village, Proppo District of Pamekasan regency. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method through the blue ocean strategy approach. The results of this study stated that UD. Bintang Abadi Klampar Village, Proppo Sub district, Pamekasan Regency can implement the blue ocean strategy seen from the results of the Blue Ocean strategy idea index test through utilities, prices, costs and adoption of all above 50% stating that it has carried out the blue ocean strategy method. UD. Bintang Abadi Klampar Village, Proppo Sub district, Pamekasan District can be seen from its performance analysis, among others: business perspective, financial management perspective, customer perspective or creating potential and actual consumers, the perspective of empowering human resources has a huge role to implement Blue Ocean strategy in developing the industry creative. The draft strategy has fulfilled three characteristics of blue ocean strategy in creating a contested market space, namely focus, divergence, and an enchanting motto. Four steps of the Blue Ocean strategy framework are eliminating, reducing, increasing, and creating (create) the factors of the development of the creative industry already pay attention to the potential and non-potential factors that UD. Bintang Abadi Klampar Village, Proppo District, Pamekasan has.
Brand Image and Product Quality Against Purchase Decision: Sariayu hijab shampoo competitive environment
Authors: Ida Zuraidah , Hidayati Ida Nur
Published: April 2020

In general, this study aims to analyze the influence of brand image and product quality to the purchase decision of Sariayu Hijab shampoo on Syari’ah Economics coedclass of 2014 STAIN Kediri. The population in this study is coedclass of 2014 Syari’ah Economics STAIN Kediri using Sariayu Hijab shampoo. The number of samples determined by 105 respondents by using random sampling method. Data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The result of analysis stated that brand image and product quality significantly influence the decision of purchasing Sariayu Hijab shampoo on Syari’ah Economics coedclass of 2014 STAIN Kediri. While the determination coefficient is 0,405, it means 40,5% purchase decision can be explained by brand image and quality product.
The Development of the Politics of Law in Indonesia’s Sharia Economic Environment
Authors: Renie Elsy , Luth Thohir , Sihabbudin  , Hamidah Siti
Published: April 2020

The sharia economic law in Indonesia applies in non-formal term as the part of the law that lives in community and in juridical formal term. The non-formal term of sharia economic law can be actualized in the form of fiqh mu’amalah iqtishadiyah or DSN MUI fatwa while the juridical formal term must be actualized in the form of the enactment of laws and regulations whose formulation is carried by the authorized government agency. In turn, the accommodation of Mu’amalah principles brings out the politics of law of sharia economy. This research is a normative legal research. The object of a normative legal research is the law that conceptualized as a norm or rule. There are several norms that becoming the objects in this study, including laws, government ordinances, etc. This research uses historical approach and statute approach. The result of this research shows that the sharia economic law in Indonesia has a specific type. Recognition process of the sharia economic law has a different recognition than another Islamic laws. Fatwa DSN MUI has strong legitimation in laws related to sharia economic. This is a concrete manifestation that the state supporting the development of Islamic economic in Indonesia.
The use of various types of circulation in the design of excavator hydraulic drive
Authors: Myrzakhmetov A , Akinfiev A
Published: April 2020

This article is devoted to the review, study and analysis of the existing types of circulation used in the design of hydraulic drives of construction machines. Three main types of circulation are distinguished: closed, open, and semi-closed. A comparison is given and the characteristic features of each of them are described. Particular attention is paid to semi-closed circulation because it is under investigated. The sequence of movements of the equipment elements during the work cycle is shown. The results are presented, in the form of a diagram of flow rates in the actuators of an excavator planner, made by semi-closed circulation. This work will be of interest to specialists in the field of designing volumetric hydraulic drives of construction vehicles.
Research of the dependence of the hydraulic friction coefficient of the liquid (λ) on the reinolds number (Re) applicable to the hydraulic drive
Authors: Nikolskiy V , Makarov K
Published: April 2020

Annotation

Experimental studies of the dependence of the coefficient of hydraulic friction λ on the Reynolds number Re at the stand “Hydraulics” in relation to the hydraulic drive. The formula for determining the coefficient of hydraulic friction for a turbulent regime of fluid motion is refined. Based on the results of studies, a graph of the dependence of the coefficient of hydraulic friction λ on the Reynolds number Re with an analysis of the four zones of this dependence is constructed.
The effect of the throttles diameter installed on the auxiliary channel on the flow rate of the fluid flowing through them and the heating of the fluid in the magnetic field
Authors: Pavlovskiy D , Protopopov A , Isaev N
Published: April 2020

This article discusses the effect of the diameters of the throttles installed in the auxiliary paths on the flow rate of the fluid flowing through them and the heating of the fluid in the area of the magnetic coupling. The simulation was carried out in the STAR-CCM+ package.
Investigation of the influence of the front end clearance on the parameters of a centrifugal pump with an open type impeller
Authors: Kalinkin S , Petrov A
Published: April 2020

The paper considers the influence of the size of the front end gap between the impeller and the housing on the energy performance of the pump, selects the parameters, compiles a mathematical model used in hydrodynamic modeling, presents the results of the study, draws conclusions about the influence of the size of the front gap between impeller and housing on efficiency and pump head. A comparison is made of the dimensionless pump characteristics obtained by the methods of hydrodynamic modeling with experimental dependences.
Determination of the coefficient of economic efficiency of frequency regulator
Authors: Protopopov A , Makhlaeva A , Panya A
Published: April 2020

The work is devoted to the finding of the formula for calculating economic efficiency of the frequency control method. This method is considered on the example of vertical tank drainage. Also in this work the principle of operation of the frequency controller and its application are described. The figuring out of the formula is based on the expression for calculating efficiency and this system capacity, depending on pump volume flow rate.
Development of hydraulic transmission for implementing an active drive of the landing gear wheels of modern transport aircraft
Authors: Brusov V , Menshikov A , Merzlikin Y
Published: April 2020

Annotation

An active drive of the wheels of the chassis is necessary on the take-off and run with reduced coupling characteristics of the airplane on an unpaved or icy runway in crosswind conditions to reduce lateral drift from the axis of the strip. The hydraulic transmission has been developed for the active drive of the wheels by aircraft chassis. At using a control system, that regulates the moment wheels characteristics and includes an adaptive circuit with neural network, it is possible to reduce the lateral drift of the aircraft about 30–40 %. The output parameters of the hydraulic motors intended for the landing gear wheels of aircraft weighting 21 tons are determined.
Study of an inducer and axial vortex stage
Authors: Ankudinov A , Klimenko D , Timushev S , Regeda A
Published: April 2020

Increasing the intake capacity and reducing vibration loads of high-speed pumps is an important task in the development of power systems in the aerospace industry, as well as in the application of such pumps in the energy and oil production sectors. With an improvement in cavitation qualities, pumps can operate at a higher shaft speed, and at a given shaft speed, with lower net positive suction head, that is, at reduced inlet pressure. With increasing shaft speed, the dimensions and weight of the pumps decrease. To increase the cavitation qualities of the pumps, an axial vortex stage (AVS), which is an object of comparison with the inducer, is considered as an upstream device. It is necessary to study the fact of pressure pulsations decrease when using the AVS. The results obtained with computational fluid dynamics to analyze pressure pulsations in the inducer and in the AVS are used in this article.
Research of the relay-linear control of an electro-hydraulic servo drive on FESTO learning system
Authors: Kulakov B , Kulakov D
Published: April 2020

The task of a relay-linear control algorithm for an electro-hydraulic servo drive (EHSD) was considered. This algorithm provides reconfiguration of the state components feedback coefficients at the very initial stage of the control object movement, when the optimized control action does not depend on these coefficients. A FESTO hydraulic learning system combined with Matlab+Simulink Desktop Real Time was used for realization of the developed algorithm. Experimental results are included.
Famous trumpet effects
Authors: Kochetkov Yu , Kravchik T , Protopopov A
Published: April 2020

Annotation

An analytical review of the effects obtained in the course of studies of flows in pipes is presented. There are descriptions of the famous experiments of Reynolds, who put on the agenda the problem of turbulence. The description and analysis of the discovery of Taylor vortices, which gave the received stimulus to the development of spatial hydro-gas dynamics, is given. The original invention of the Shebeko gas-dynamic tube, which allowed solving the problem of high-altitude testing of the Burya rocket, is presented. The original experiments with the thermal acoustic effect of Riike and Bossch — Riess are described, which stimulate new views on the stability of processes in the future. The invention of Gershman, which gave a practical impetus to the use of resonators in technology, is described. The description of the Rank — Hilsh pipe is given, the effect of which is widely used in the chemical and oil industry. The effect of a heat pipe used in industry for space heating is described.
Mathematical modeling of a hydraulic drive for leveling the support table of a robotic drilling platform
Authors: Kolotvin E
Published: April 2020

The principle of moving a hydraulic drilling platform is described. To study the dynamics of transient response processes of hydraulic drive for leveling, a mathematical model was created. The structural diagrams of mathematical models of the actuator and hydraulic control valve are given. The time dependences of the spool positions of the hydraulic control valve and the hydraulic cylinder rod are presented. The dependences of pressure changes in the rod and piston cavities of the hydraulic cylinder are presented.
The calculation of multiphase flows in flowing parts of centrifugal pump
Authors: Saprykina M , Lomakin V
Published: April 2020

The effect of gas content on the changing of head of a centrifugal pump is researched. The method of numerical hydrodynamic modeling is used for solving this problem. The using mathematical models are described and compared. The results of the simulation of fluid flow, which are depended on the air content, are presented. The data on the changing of head and the termination of its work are obtained.
Analytical study of the dynamics of a pumping unit, consisting of a fixed pump and a flow rate regulator
Authors: Lepeshkin A , Sarach E
Published: April 2020

A mathematical model of a pumping unit, consisting of a fixed pump and an automatic flow rate regulator, intended for use as part of a mathematical model of a volume hydraulic drive that requires a constant supply pressure for its operation is described in article. As the carried out studies showed (their results are given in this article), the proposed model describes the physical processes during the operation of the pump unit quite well. In addition, based on these studies, recommendations are given on the need to include a hydropneumatic accumulator in the structure of the unit, which will significantly improve its dynamic characteristics.
Development and application of vortex control valves in pneumahydraulic systems
Authors: Uss A , Pugachuk A , Chernyshov A
Published: April 2020

Annotation

The current state of the development and study of vortex jet devices that are used as control valves based on the working medium vortex flow principle is reviewed and analyzed in the article. The scientific and technical literature is reviewed. The article considers vortex valves without mechanically moving parts, as well as a semi-mechanical vortex valve. The principle of operation of a vortex jet device is described. The rationale of the use of a vortex jet device as an actuator in a valve for controlling the flow of a working medium, as well as in a control system of a sleeve-valve cylinder, is given. The classification of vortex jet devices by the feed type of the supply and control flows of the working medium is carried out for the first time.
Conceptual features for improving the flow part of the multiphase stages of ESP submersible plants for small and medium feeds for extracting stratal liquid with a high free gas content
Authors: Trulev A , Kayuda M , Timushev S , Lomakin V
Published: April 2020

Annotation

This article analyzes the operation numerical simulation for serial and multiphase stages of various manufacturers on water and gas-liquid mixtures (GLM). Are identified the local gas separation areas in serial stages, which can lead to the formation of gas plugs and disruption of the pump supply.

These factors include: the creation of a finely dispersed flow structure at the entrance of the stage, the preservation along the flow with small free gas bubbles diameters, the sustenance of the value for the allowed free gas content by circulation means of fluid part in the impeller, a defined relationship between the pressure gradient and the GLM flow rate. A mathematical model is selected, hydrodynamic calculations of structural options, optimization are carried out, a conceptual option is selected. Bench tests were carried out, confirming the high parameters of the product when working on GLM.
Application of optimization algorithms to improve the vibroacoustic characteristics of pumps
Authors: Lomakin V , Valiev T , Chaburko P
Published: April 2020

The article describes an attempt to optimize the flow part of the centrifugal pump by vibroacoustic characteristics, suggests a method of evaluation of these properties by methods of hydrodynamic modeling based on the analysis of force pulsations and moments acting on the rotor and stator of the flow part. The obtained data are decomposed into a spectrum by the Fourier method and presented in the form of dependence of sound pressure level on frequency. By results of optimization, the model with the best vibroacoustic characteristics within the limits of numerical modeling is found.
Experimental study of cavitation resistance of restoring coatings
Authors: Aksenova E , Lomakin V , Cheremushkin V
Published: April 2020

Annotation

The article presents the results of an experimental study of the resistance of various metallic and nonmetallic coatings to cavitation failure. The method of accelerated cavitation resistance tests using an ultrasonic emitter is described. Comparative characteristics of the resistance of materials are given.
Optimization of parameters of the pressure regulator with variable characteristic
Authors: Kolodin I
Published: April 2020

When designing a variable capacity pressure regulator, it is necessary to select parameters that meet certain criteria. In this article optimization of regulator parameters by LPτ search method is considered. The mathematical model of the regulator is made, a possible set of quality criteria is given, dependent criteria are established and the majority of approximate effective points are found. Setting of criteria restrictions is performed in the dialog mode. The methods described in the article allow to obtain an optimal design of the pressure regulator with variable characteristic.
Investigation of the influence of the angle of the installation of the blades of the impeller of the regenerative pump on its energy characteristics by the methods of hydrodynamic modeling
Authors: Petrov A , Isaev N , Radchenko S
Published: April 2020

Annotation

This paper focuses on the study of the influence of the vortex stage impeller blades angle installation in a centrifugal vortex pump. The mathematical model used in the numerical modeling is described. The 3 variants models of working regenerative impeller with different installation angles are considered. The paper shows the influence of the angle of the blades on the energy characteristics. The evaluation criteria were pressure, hydraulic efficiency and manufacturability. The results obtained during hydrodynamic modeling are presented in the form of velocity distribution vector fields. This paper will be of interest to specialists in the field of designing vortex hydraulic machines.
Assessment of the level of influence of various geometrical parameters of the centrifugal pump guide vane on its energy characteristics
Authors: Petrov A , Lysenko A , Konkeev E , Konshin D
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the research of the influence of geometrical parameters of the inlet section of the multistage pump radial channel guide device on its hydraulic efficiency. The obtained values of hydraulic efficiency, considered depending on the geometrical parameters of the guide device, are given. The efficiency parameters were obtained via hydrodynamic modeling. Recommendations on the optimal geometric parameters are offered and compared with already known semi-empirical formulas.
Effect of excitation coil voltage on TiAlSiN coating on 42CrMo steel surface
Authors: Suge Meng , Baolin Zhu , Zhefeng Zhuang , Xiangwen Chen , Cuiyong Tang
Published: April 2020

TiAlSiN coating was painted on the surface of 42CrMo steel by arc ion plating technology, and the influence of excitation coil voltage on the structure and friction property of the coating were analyzed. Results showed that there were a lot of holes on TiAlSiN coatings under different voltages. With the increase of voltage, the structure and friction property changed a lot: the roughness and thickness of the coating increased obviously and all layers were in a state of tight bond and formed a columnar structure; many voids appeared led to the decrease of coating density; the coating with higher microhardness was obtained, which was higher than that of alloy steel substrate; the friction coefficient and wear rate of the coating first decreased then increased, and the minimum wear rate occurred when the voltage reached 30 V, under condition of which the coating mainly suffered from abrasive wear, so more flat surface and denser structure of the coating formed, which significantly improved the wear resistance.
5. Solar impacts on Earth
Authors: Judge Philip
Published: April 2020

‘Solar impacts on earth’ focuses on space weather—rapidly changing conditions in the earth’s ionosphere and above. The Sun’s natural tendency to emit variable high energy radiation causes problems for us that it did not for our ancestors, as eruptions and storms interrupt our dependence on electronics. The ‘faint young sun’ paradox arises from the idea that the newly formed earth only received two-thirds of the Sun’s radiation today, yet water formed on earth without freezing; popular explanations include the Sun losing mass with age or an increase in greenhouse warming or radioactive heating. There seems to be no heating trend in the Sun correlating with recent global warming.
1. What is international relations?
Authors: Reus-Smit Christian
Published: April 2020

International relations has traditionally focused on external relations between sovereign states. Yet not all important relations are between sovereign states and not all important politics is external. ‘What is international relations?’ explains that this VSI’s focus is on the global organization of political authority, and on the human and environmental consequences of such organization. This invites both analytical and ethical questions: how did political authority come to be organized in a particular way? How have large-scale ways of organizing political authority at times fostered human well-being, but also produced hierarchies and exclusions? What are the limits of sovereign authority, when should human rights be protected, and what obligations do we have to address the climate emergency?
SHOGUN: a modular, accurate and scalable framework for microbiome quantification
Authors: Hillmann Benjamin , Al-Ghalith Gabriel A , Shields-Cutler Robin R , Zhu Qiyun , Knight Rob , Knights Dan
Published: April 2020

The software pipeline SHOGUN profiles known taxonomic and gene abundances of short-read shotgun metagenomics sequencing data. The pipeline is scalable, modular and flexible. Data analysis and transformation steps can be run individually or together in an automated workflow. Users can easily create new reference databases and can select one of three DNA alignment tools, ranging from ultra-fast low-RAM k-mer-based database search to fully exhaustive gapped DNA alignment, to best fit their analysis needs and computational resources. The pipeline includes an implementation of a published method for taxonomy assignment disambiguation with empirical Bayesian redistribution. The software is installable via the conda resource management framework, has plugins for the QIIME2 and QIITA packages and produces both taxonomy and gene abundance profile tables with a single command, thus promoting convenient and reproducible metagenomics research.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/knights-lab/SHOGUN.
The structural connectivity of subthalamic deep brain stimulation correlates with impulsivity in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Mosley Philip E , Paliwal Saee , Robinson Katherine , Coyne Terry , Silburn Peter , Tittgemeyer Marc , Stephan Klaas E , Perry Alistair , Breakspear Michael
Published: April 2020

Subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) for Parkinson’s disease treats motor symptoms and improves quality of life, but can be complicated by adverse neuropsychiatric side-effects, including impulsivity. Several clinically important questions remain unclear: can ‘at-risk’ patients be identified prior to DBS; do neuropsychiatric symptoms relate to the distribution of the stimulation field; and which brain networks are responsible for the evolution of these symptoms? Using a comprehensive neuropsychiatric battery and a virtual casino to assess impulsive behaviour in a naturalistic fashion, 55 patients with Parkinson’s disease (19 females, mean age 62, mean Hoehn and Yahr stage 2.6) were assessed prior to STN-DBS and 3 months postoperatively. Reward evaluation and response inhibition networks were reconstructed with probabilistic tractography using the participant-specific subthalamic volume of activated tissue as a seed. We found that greater connectivity of the stimulation site with these frontostriatal networks was related to greater postoperative impulsiveness and disinhibition as assessed by the neuropsychiatric instruments. Larger bet sizes in the virtual casino postoperatively were associated with greater connectivity of the stimulation site with right and left orbitofrontal cortex, right ventromedial prefrontal cortex and left ventral striatum. For all assessments, the baseline connectivity of reward evaluation and response inhibition networks prior to STN-DBS was not associated with postoperative impulsivity; rather, these relationships were only observed when the stimulation field was incorporated. This suggests that the site and distribution of stimulation is a more important determinant of postoperative neuropsychiatric outcomes than preoperative brain structure and that stimulation acts to mediate impulsivity through differential recruitment of frontostriatal networks. Notably, a distinction could be made amongst participants with clinically-significant, harmful changes in mood and behaviour attributable to DBS, based upon an analysis of connectivity and its relationship with gambling behaviour. Additional analyses suggested that this distinction may be mediated by the differential involvement of fibres connecting ventromedial subthalamic nucleus and orbitofrontal cortex. These findings identify a mechanistic substrate of neuropsychiatric impairment after STN-DBS and suggest that tractography could be used to predict the incidence of adverse neuropsychiatric effects. Clinically, these results highlight the importance of accurate electrode placement and careful stimulation titration in the prevention of neuropsychiatric side-effects after STN-DBS.
Union Density Effects on Productivity and Wages
Authors: Barth Erling , Bryson Alex , Dale-Olsen Harald
Published: April 2020

We exploit changes in tax subsidies for union members in Norway to identify the effects of changes in firm-level union density on productivity and wages. Increased deductions in taxable income for union members led to higher membership rates and contributed to a lower decline in union membership rates over time in Norway. Accounting for selection effects and the potential endogeneity of unionisation, the results show that increasing union density at the firm level leads to a substantial increase in both productivity and wages. The wage effect is larger in more productive firms, consistent with rent-sharing models.
Dilations of q-Commuting Unitaries
Authors: Gerhold Malte , Moshe Shalit Orr
Published: April 2020

Let $q = e^{i \theta } \in \mathbb{T}$ (where $\theta \in \mathbb{R}$), and let $u,v$ be $q$-commuting unitaries, that is, $u$ and $v$ are unitaries such that $vu = quv$. In this paper, we find the optimal constant $c = c_{\theta }$ such that $u,v$ can be dilated to a pair of operators $c U, c V$, where $U$ and $V$ are commuting unitaries. We show that $$\begin{equation*} c_{\theta} = \frac{4}{\|u_{\theta}+u_{\theta}^*+v_{\theta}+v_{\theta}^*\|}, \end{equation*}$$where $u_{\theta }, v_{\theta }$ are the universal $q$-commuting pair of unitaries, and we give numerical estimates for the above quantity. In the course of our proof, we also consider dilating $q$-commuting unitaries to scalar multiples of $q^{\prime}$-commuting unitaries. The techniques that we develop allow us to give new and simple “dilation theoretic” proofs of well-known results regarding the continuity of the field of rotations algebras. In particular, for the so-called “almost Mathieu operator” $h_{\theta } = u_{\theta }+u_{\theta }^*+v_{\theta }+v_{\theta }^*$, we recover the fact that the norm $\|h_{\theta }\|$ is a Lipschitz continuous function of $\theta $, as well as the result that the spectrum $\sigma (h_{\theta })$ is a $\frac{1}{2}$-Hölder continuous function in $\theta $ with respect to the Hausdorff metric. In fact, we obtain this Hölder continuity of the spectrum for every self-adjoint *-polynomial $p(u_{\theta },v_{\theta })$, which in turn endows the rotation algebras with the natural structure of a continuous field of C*-algebras.
Correlates and Timing of Reproductive Aging Transitions in a Global Cohort of Midlife Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Insights From the REPRIEVE Trial
Authors: Zanni Markella V , Currier Judith S , Kantor Amy , Smeaton Laura , Rivard Corinne , Taron Jana , Burdo Tricia H , Badal-Faesen Sharlaa , Lalloo Umesh G , Pinto Jorge A , Samaneka Wadzanai , Valencia Javier , Klingman Karin , Allston-Smith Beverly , Cooper-Arnold Katharine , Desvigne-Nickens Patrice , Lu Michael T , Fitch Kathleen V , Hoffman Udo , Grinspoon Steven K , Douglas Pamela S , Looby Sara E
Published: April 2020

Background

Reproductive aging may contribute to cardiometabolic comorbid conditions. We integrated data on gynecologic history with levels of an ovarian reserve marker (anti-müllerian hormone [AMH)] to interrogate reproductive aging patterns and associated factors among a subset of cisgender women with human immunodeficiency virus (WWH) enrolled in the REPRIEVE trial.

Methods

A total of 1449 WWH were classified as premenopausal (n = 482) (menses within 12 months; AMH level ≥20 pg/mL; group 1), premenopausal with reduced ovarian reserve (n = 224) (menses within 12 months; AMH <20 pg/mL; group 2), or postmenopausal (n = 743) (no menses within12 months; AMH <20 pg/mL; group 3). Proportional odds models, adjusted for chronologic age, were used to investigate associations of cardiometabolic and demographic parameters with reproductive aging milestones (AMH <20 pg/mL or >12 months of amenorrhea). Excluding WWH with surgical menopause, age at final menstrual period was summarized for postmenopausal WWH (group 3) and estimated among all WWH (groups 1–3) using an accelerated failure-time model.

Results

Cardiometabolic and demographic parameters associated with advanced reproductive age (controlling for chronologic age) included waist circumference (>88 vs ≤88 cm) (odds ratio [OR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.80; P = .02), hemoglobin (≥12 vs <12 g/dL) (2.32; 1.71–3.14; P < .01), and region of residence (sub-Saharan Africa [1.50; 1.07–2.11; P = .02] and Latin America and the Caribbean [1.59; 1.08–2.33; P = .02], as compared with World Health Organization Global Burden of Disease high-income regions). The median age (Q1, Q3) at the final menstrual period was 48 (45, 51) years when described among postmenopausal WWH, and either 49 (46, 52) or 50 (47, 53) years when estimated among all WWH, depending on censoring strategy.

Conclusions

Among WWH in the REPRIEVE trial, more advanced reproductive age is associated with metabolic dysregulation and region of residence. Additional research on age at menopause among WWH is needed.

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT0234429.
Efficient interlayer charge release for high-performance layered thermoelectrics
Authors: Zhu Hao , Li Zhou , Zhao Chenxi , Li Xingxing , Yang Jinlong , Xiao Chong , Xie Yi
Published: April 2020

Many layered superlattice materials intrinsically possess large Seebeck coefficient and low lattice thermal conductivity, but poor electrical conductivity because of the interlayer transport barrier for charges, which has become a stumbling block for achieving high thermoelectric performance. Herein, taking BiCuSeO superlattice as an example, it is demonstrated that efficient interlayer charge release can increase carrier concentration, thereby activating multiple Fermi pockets through Bi/Cu dual vacancies and Pb codoping. Experimental results reveal that the extrinsic charges, which are introduced by Pb and initially trapped in the charge-reservoir [Bi2O2]2+ sublayers, are effectively released into [Cu2Se2]2− sublayers via the channels bridged by Bi/Cu dual vacancies. This efficient interlayer charge release endows dual-vacancy- and Pb-codoped BiCuSeO with increased carrier concentration and electrical conductivity. Moreover, with increasing carrier concentration, the Fermi level is pushed down, activating multiple converged valence bands, which helps to maintain a relatively high Seebeck coefficient and yield an enhanced power factor. As a result, a high ZT value of ∼1.4 is achieved at 823 K in codoped Bi0.90Pb0.06Cu0.96SeO, which is superior to that of pristine BiCuSeO and solely doped samples. The present findings provide prospective insights into the exploration of high-performance thermoelectric materials and the underlying transport physics.
Living Art
Authors: Andrew Nell
Published: April 2020

In the second decade of the twentieth century, the Belgian dancer Akarova created performances that contemporary artists alternately termed “music architecture,” “living geometry,” and “pure plastics.” This chapter follows Akarova’s production during the years of the Belgian avant-garde movement “plastique pure” and its champion journal, 7 Arts (1922–1929), when Akarova’s dance helped to expand the scope of an isolated Belgian avant-garde by offering the country’s first abstract artists a glimpse of a utilitarian, applied art that could be embodied and felt, offering a model of kinesthetic activation and self-projection into the spaces of art.
Faith and Family
Authors: Denton Melinda Lundquist , Flory Richard
Published: April 2020

This chapter focuses on family as a key institutional setting within which religion and spirituality are formed. The authors explore how marriage and parenthood are tied to religiousness among the young people in the study. The authors first investigate the role of religion in leading young people to six different family pathways: married with children, married without children, cohabiting with children, cohabiting without children, single with children, and single without children. They then examine how these different stages of family formation affect the religious lives of the young people in the study. Of particular interest is the question of whether marriage and parenthood contribute to higher rates of religious retention among emerging adults.
Introduction
Authors: Messac Luke
Published: April 2020

This introduction explores the assumption, present in both the global public health literature and the historiography of biomedicine in Africa, that a low gross domestic product (GDP) is a sufficient explanation for woefully inadequate public-sector health care. This assumption is a product of colonial and postcolonial regimes, which sought to portray scarcity as an inevitable, inescapable fact, even as resources were being spent elsewhere. The arguments used to justify low levels of health-care spending, and the consequences of such paltry expenditures, are the focus of the rest of this work.
Taxes in Our Model: Take 2
Authors: Cole Harold L.
Published: April 2020

Our first and only heterogeneous agent model is constructed with two types. The steady state balanced growth path is developed, the model is calibrated to the U.S. income distribution and implications of reducing capital taxes are re-examined once distributional consequences are considered.
Introduction
Authors: Barney William L.
Published: April 2020

Sectional tensions over slavery persisted since the writing of the Constitution and exploded into secession and the Civil War in 1860–61. The resistance to slavery of African Americans, both enslaved and free, prodded the consciences of enough Northern whites to produce the abolition movement and emerge as a political force in its own right. Southerners recognized that the morality of slavery was at the heart of the issue and sought in vain to make Northerners acknowledge slavery as a morally just institution and allow it to grow and expand. The Northern refusal to do so fueled the rise of the Republican Party and split the Democratic Party at its national convention in the spring of 1860, setting the stage for the election of Abraham Lincoln and the outbreak of the secession crisis.
Modeling Maritime Dynamics
Authors: Leidwanger Justin
Published: April 2020

This chapter outlines the theoretical background and methodology adopted to construct an archaeological model of maritime interaction. After problematizing concepts of regionalism, the discussion draws on maritime landscape studies to embrace the diverse geographies and temporalities of different seaborne mobilities that integrated communities around maritime space. To organize this material record of diverse seafaring practices, the analysis turns to conceptual approaches and formal modeling tools of networks. These provide the framework for a multiscalar model of maritime interaction that unfolds over the next chapters.
How Myths and Misconceptions Have Shaped Our World
Authors: Kottler Jeffrey A. , Balkin Richard S.
Published: April 2020

In How Myths and Misconceptions Have Shaped Our World, the authors highlight differences between theories and myths. As a constantly evolving field, psychotherapy is not alone in the attachment to idea that lack an evidentiary basis, which also occur in other fields such as medicine, economics, and anthropology. Many of the traditions in psychotherapy stem from philosophy. Other myths might simply be a result of bad research or biased, core, personal beliefs. The authors provide an overview of discredited or partially discredited therapies that continue to pervade the field today. The challenge for therapists is to be open to the idea of challenging preconceptions and core beliefs, particularly when evidence counter to core beliefs is introduced.
Who Are the Most Exceptional Clinicians?
Authors: Kottler Jeffrey A. , Balkin Richard S.
Published: April 2020

In Who Are the Most Exceptional Clinicians? the authors dispute the assumption that the great writers and theorists were also great clinicians. If fame and notoriety do not make a great therapist, then what does? The effectiveness of the core conditions are highlighted, as well as personal characteristics, such as charisma, relational skills, knowledge and wisdom, and other personal qualities that often get little exposure in mental health literature, such as being fully present in therapy, the presence of a strong moral code, sensitivity, flexibility, and honoring the complexity of the individual. Ultimately, successful therapy is likely more dependent on therapists finding their own voice, as opposed to emulating a famous icon, who may have never been that good in the first place.
Last Chapter, But Not the End
Authors: Kottler Jeffrey A. , Balkin Richard S.
Published: April 2020

In Last Chapter but Not the End, the authors discuss the difficulty of changing beliefs. Change is inevitable and occurs due to the mere passage of time or from seminal life moments, traumatic events, or advances in medicine and technology, to name a few. Though how therapy occurs and what people seek help for might change, it is unlikely that therapists will become obsolete. Nevertheless, it is incumbent upon therapist to maintain knowledge of trends in the field and flexibility to providing care. Moreover, therapists need to able to discern what is real and pertinent to client care and what is myth. Therapists are essential and overall effective, but not necessarily for the reasons they think. Research is not as good as what was once believed; complex problems rarely have simple solutions, and the curative factors of therapy likely occur through the context of the relationship between the client and counselor and not some superficial theory or technique.
Dhaka’s Changing Landscape and Fortune
Authors: Afsar Rita , Hossain Mahabub
Published: April 2020

The introductory chapter highlights the doubts generated by contradictory signals of rapid urbanization in Dhaka, a mega city in the context of its high economic growth and yet, the concerns for sustainable and better quality of life which forms the rationale for this book. The book answers these doubts by addressing three compelling questions: is the poorer segment of urban population that migrates with dreams for better lives and livelihoods benefitting from positive economic trends? Are these benefits sustainable in the long run? Have these benefits brought qualitative changes creating scope for this group to have a stake in the city’s growing prosperity like their non-poor counterparts? It describes the longitudinal data generated from three rounds of repeat surveys of the same cross-sections of 600 slum and non-slum households randomly selected from four wards of Dhaka city and outlines the themes used in the book to address each of these questions in the subsequent eight chapters.
Better Lives and Better Incomes, but Slim Prospects for Shared Prosperity
Authors: Afsar Rita , Hossain Mahabub
Published: April 2020

Chapter 9 prepares a report card by highlighting the major findings covering each of the themes of the book: urban poverty, income growth, and inequality; migration, rural−urban linkage, and transformative potential; migration, better livelihoods, and inclusive development; quality of life and sustainability matters; urbanization and the demographic dividend; and migration and modernization. It highlights the progress made in the 20-year period and the gaps and challenges. Opportunities and challenges are then discussed critically through policy lenses. Based on the policy analysis as well as lessons from better practice analysis across the globe, it recommends appropriate measures and strategies to make Dhaka a more prosperous, sustainable, inclusive, and liveable city. Finally, it sums up the major findings in response to the compelling questions regarding scope for the poorer segment of urban residents to reap benefits of better lives, better incomes and claim equal share in the city’s growing prosperity like their non-poor counterparts in the concluding remarks.
“They killed a bunch of black kids”
Authors: Bristow Nancy K.
Published: April 2020

Following the shootings at Jackson State College, students, police, government officials, and reporters fought for control of the story. Three primary narratives emerged. The first one accurately understood the shootings as another example of state violence against African Americans. The second sympathized with the victims, but emphasized their identity as students, linking the shootings at Jackson State and Kent State ten days earlier. A third counter-narrative, a racially infused account focused on law and order, blamed the young people at Jackson State for the violence. These narratives influenced the investigations, commissions, and legal proceedings, where the competing understandings had tangible stakes. A mayor’s bi-racial committee and the President’s Commission on Campus Unrest both demonstrated substantial understanding of the racialized causes of the shootings but had no legal standing. Alternatively, federal and county grand juries used the law and order narrative to demonize the students as criminals and justify the shootings.
“Largely unknown to the American public”
Authors: Bristow Nancy K.
Published: April 2020

The tragedy at Jackson State never gained the traction the Kent State shootings did. The public was informed about the story due to significant coverage in major media. The investigations, grand juries, and trial continually returned the events to the public eye. Nevertheless, the episode did not gain a place in the nation’s public memory. Chapter 6 explores the twin processes of remembering and forgetting the shootings, especially the important role played by attitudes about race and its meaning in determining their course. Struggling to protect the memory of the Jackson State shootings, many people framed those who died as martyrs to the cause of racial justice. However, a white liberal preference for the student narrative, which allowed the negation of race, facilitated the nation’s public amnesia about Jackson State. A simplistic narrative of racial progress in which the shootings made a better future possible also facilitated the amnesia.
App Entanglements
Authors: Wilken Rowan
Published: April 2020

This chapter gives consideration to how use of any one location-sensitive mobile application routinely occurs alongside and intermingled with the use of a wide array of other applications that also include various forms of location functionality. The argument of this chapter is that understanding the complexities driving these end-user choices of application selection and interaction is crucial if one is to more fully grasp the ties that bind platforms, political economies, and publics, and if one is to critically respond to key policy considerations, such as the privacy impacts and implications of location-based services.
Territories of the City and the Self
Authors: Wilken Rowan
Published: April 2020

This chapter develops a contemporary media historical account of consumer end-use of locative media service, Foursquare. It focuses on the period just prior to the splitting of Foursquare into two separate consumer facing apps (Foursquare City Guide and Swarm), when Foursquare still functioned as a single, check in driven, locative mobile social networking service. Combining original research from 2013–2014, with the now extensive international literature on Foursquare end use, this chapter examines the myriad of ways that people have engaged with this pioneering locative media app. The chapter is structured around an exploration of two sets of interrelated issues. First, it draws on Lee Humphreys’ (2012) tripartite notion of “coordinating, cataloguing, and connecting,” to trace how urban spaces and places are explored, catalogued, and communicated through end user engagement with Foursquare. Second, it draws out how these communicative practices involving the Foursquare service are entwined with processes of individual identity construction and performance.
The Business of Scholarly Publishing
Authors: Greco Albert N.
Published: April 2020

This is a detailed analysis of the business of the scholarly publishing of books, journals, preprints, and various scholarly publications in institutional repositories in the United States. Drawing on an extensive review of the literature and statistical sources, the book examines the changing environment of scholarly publishing and the product, price, placement, promotion, and costs (including some profit and loss statements) of scholarly books and journals. Special attention is paid to the history and development of scholarly books and journals; intellectual property issues, including the development of the US copyright law and infringement issues of Sci-Hub; an author’s contract; and the impact of technology (including open access) on books and journals. The book also discusses how scholarly publishers are trying to manage in what are turbulent times. The book contains extensive notes, book and journal statistical tables, and figures.
The Product and Pricing of Scholarly Journals
Authors: Greco Albert N.
Published: April 2020

In the last 350-plus years, as various fields of academic research developed and grew, the need for high-quality scholarly journals emerged to transmit the latest scientific discoveries and theories. This allowed scholarly journals to gain the preeminent foothold in scientific academic and research centers. Ironically, the birth of the modern scholarly journal had a rather unusual and unplanned history. This chapter provides an overview of the history and development of print and digital scholarly journals, including the gold open access movement. Attention is paid to the roles played by university presses, learned societies, libraries, and commercial scholarly publishers. Financial issues are addressed, including a detailed sample profit and loss (P&L) statement.
Orientations
Authors: Goebel Zane
Published: April 2020

In setting the theoretical and methodological proclivities of this book, this chapter begins to synthesize two decades of sociolinguistic and linguistic anthropological scholarship on globalization, commodification, leadership talk, reflexivity, and the regimentation of ideologies about language and social relations. The chapter highlights the paucity of work on translingual practices and processes of globalization in the growing field of leadership talk, while pointing to ways in which translingual practices can be conceptualized. These efforts to reconceptualize translingualism are framed in terms of how the medium of such practices might be conceptualized, as well as how such practices relate to sociological ideas about condescension and anthropological ideas about rapport and reciprocity.