bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AKTIFITAS RAMUAN JAMU CABE JAWA, DAUN SENDOK DAN SELEDRI TERHADAP TIKUS HIPERURISEMIA
Authors: Fitriani Ulfa , Wijayanti Enggar , Zulkarnain Zuraida
Published: May 2019

Hiperurisemia merupakan suatu keadaan dimana terjadi peningkatan kadar asam urat darah melebihi nilai normal. Cabe jawa (Piper retrofractum), daun sendok (Plantago major), dan seledri (Avium graveolens) diketahui memiliki khasiat sebagai penurun asam urat darah. Penggunaan kombinasi ketiga tanaman obat tersebut sebagai anti hiperurisemia belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan khasiat ketiga tanaman tersebut dalam satu ramuan jamu. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental murni dengan pre and post test controlled design. Hasil intervensi selama 7 hari pada 30 ekor tikus putih jantan yang terbagi dalam 5 kelompok yakni kelompok kontrol (tanpa perlakuan), kelompok kontrol positif (allopurinol), kelompok ramuan jamu dengan 3 macam dosis masing-masing 0,2 g, 0,4 g dan 0,8 g, menunjukan bahwa kadar asam urat darah pada kelompok perlakuan mengalami penurunan. Pemberian ramuan jamu anti hiperurisemia dengan dosis 0,4 g mampu menurunkan kadar asam urat darah dengan rerata paling tinggi. Ramuan jamu  yang terdiri dari cabe jawa, daun sendok dan seledri mampu menurunkan kadar asam urat darah pada tikus.

 

Kata kunci: Cabe jawa, daun sendok, seledri, hiperurisemia
EFEK REBUSAN RIMPANG SEGAR, REBUSAN RIMPANG KERING, MINYAK ATSIRI DAN KURKUMIN Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb. TERHADAP KADAR BILIRUBIN PADA TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI PARASETAMOL
Authors: Arifah Fitriana Hayyu , Pramono Suwijiyo , Nugroho Agung Endro
Published: May 2019

Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is a medicinal plant that can be developed for the treatment of liver disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the decoction of fresh rhizome, decoction of dried rhizome, essential oils, and curcumin of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. against bilirubin level on paracetamol-induced male Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into 10 groups including group I and II were normal control and negative control, groups III, IV, and V received pretreatment of decoction of fresh rhizome 0,75 g/kgBW, 2,25 g/kgBW, and 6,75 g/kgBW, respectively for 9 days, Groups VI, VII, and VIII received pretreatment of decoction of dried rhizome 0,45 g/kgBW, 1,35 g/kgBW, and 4,05 g/kgBW, respectively for 9 days, group IX received pretreatment of essential oils 1,01 μl/kgBW for 9 days, group X received pretreatment of curcumin 75 μg/kgBW for 9 days. Groups II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, and X on days 7, 8, and 9 induced paracetamol 3 g/kgBW. The blood was drained on day 0 and 4 after induction of paracetamol for bilirubin parameter study. Data were analyzed statistically using One-Way ANOVA test followed by LSD test with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that pretreatment of decoction of fresh rhizome 0,75 g/kgBW decrease the bilirubin level significantly (p<0,05) against the negative control. It can be concluded that pretreatment of decoction of fresh rhizome 0,75 g/kgBW was the best effect of decrease the bilirubin level.
BIENESTAR PSICOLÓGICO: EL ESTRÉS Y LA CALIDAD DE VIDA EN EL CONTEXTO LABORAL
Authors: Durán María Martha
Published: May 2019

El entorno cambiante en que nos desenvolvemos actualmente se ha traducido en un incremento de la competencia y de las exigencias para las organizaciones. Esta situación generan altos niveles de presión, que se convierte en parte de la cotidianidad laboral lo que propicia la aparición de enfermedades profesionales: estrés, Síndrome de Burnout, adicción al trabajo, entre otras, en las que el factor emocional o psicológico juega un papel determinante. Aquí se discutirá respecto a la calidad de vida laboral y el estrés laboral, señalando implicaciones personales y organizacionales, así como estrategias de prevención y afrontamiento en ambos niveles.
EL ESTUDIO DE CASOS COMO METODOLOGÍA DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y SU IMPORTANCIA EN LA DIRECCIÓN Y ADMINISTRACIÓN DE EMPRESAS
Authors: Castro Monge Edgar
Published: May 2019

Son diversos los estudios realizados por diferentes autores que han señalado la gran importancia que tiene la investigación basada en estudios de casos  en la Administración y Dirección de Empresas, ya que esta herramienta es una de las más utilizadas en la metodología de investigación cualitativa. El ensayo trata de dar las bases para justificar la importancia y el uso de esta metodología  de investigación, y pretende a la vez realizar una comparación entre el estudio de casos (investigación cualitativa) y la investigación cuantitativa tratando de refutar algunos prejuicios y  cuestionamientos que varios autores realizan al estudio de casos. Asimismo, se pretende dar las bases teóricas para desarrollar eficientemente un estudio de casos.
EL SISTEMA PARA LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE LA COOPERACIÓN INTERNACIONAL EN COSTA RICA
Authors: SOLANO MURILLO HERNÁN
Published: May 2019

Existe la presunción, entre administradores públicos, formadores de opinión y la ciudadanía, de que las irregularidades producidas en los últimos años en el manejo de proyectos financiados en el sector público costarricense con recursos de cooperación internacional, han sido consecuencia de vacíos en el marco normativo que sustenta el sistema para la administración de esa cooperación. La investigación procura dilucidar si existe fundamento fáctico para esa presunción; su enfoque, cualitativo, se centró en la comprensión de diversos elementos como: marco jurídico, actores institucionales, competencias y procesos más relevantes, presentes en la actividad de cooperación, así como, en el estudio de evidencia empírica disponible. El estudio concluye que no hay elementos que apoyen que la introducción de reformas en el marco normativo que rige dicha cooperación en Costa Rica, pueda resultar un medio efectivo para modificar ciertas prácticas calificadas como deficientes o irregulares; la evidencia sugiere que en la explicación de dichas deficiencias de gestión, el factor humano ha venido teniendo un mayor peso que las posibles debilidades en el diseño normativo.
LA INNOVACIÓN QUE POTENCIA EL DESARROLLO
Authors: ULATE SOTO ILEANA
Published: May 2019

En este artículo se muestra cómo los países y organizaciones que han dado un salto hacia el desarrollo tienen un alto ligamen con la investigación y desarrollo que ofrece como resultado innovaciones en diferentes ámbitos. La innovación actualmente tiene un horizonte amplio que contempla diferentes fuentes, por tanto  promover una equilibrada relación entre educación, tecnología, generación de oportunidades y explotación del conocimiento como activo productivo es indispensable para incentivar la creatividad y la innovación social. Invertir en investigación y desarrollo permite obtener mejores resultados en los   procesos de innovación, es esencial establecer una vinculación entre la gestión academia y la gestión empresarial con el objeto de identificar las diferentes  fuentes de conocimiento, en la creación y mejoramiento de productos y servicios ofrecidos que coadyuven a su vez a mejor la calidad de vida de las personas.
RESULTADOS Y PERSPECTIVAS DEL COMERCIO EXTERIOR DE COSTA RICA
Authors: GOVAERE VICARIOLI VELIA
Published: May 2019

Los 25 años de apertura comercial de Costa Ricason una historia de éxito. Sin embargo, frente alnivel de esfuerzo requerido para la inserción denuestro país al comercio exterior, algunos de losejes que conforman la totalidad de la política comercialdel país no han tenido la importancia que si tiene la apertura de mercados preferenciales. Se describe la trayectoria de las políticas comerciales del país, sus principales ejes, sus resultados e impactos.Se hace una evaluación particular de las tareas internas pendientes en la situación actual, habiéndose negociado ya el 92% del Comercio de Costa Rica bajo condiciones preferenciales. Se expone la importancia de un giro hacia la armonización, articulación y fortalecimiento de laadministración interna del comercio, como haanunciado la administración de la presidentaLaura Chinchilla.
INNOVACIÓN: CLAVE PARA EL ÉXITO DE LA GESTIÓN EMPRESARIAL EN LA MICRO, PEQUEÑA Y MEDIANA EMPRESA
Authors: GUERRERO SPÍNOLA DE LÓPEZ ALBA MARITZA
Published: May 2019

En estos tiempos de constantes y vertiginosos cambios, en la llamada era de las Sociedades del Conocimiento es indispensable que las Micro, Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (MIPYMES) comprendan que es necesario innovar para enfrentarse al desafío y oportunidad que enfrentan los países en vías de desarrollo para lograr salir de la pobreza. El artículo parte de la definición del concepto de innovación y los tipos de innovación que existen, remarcando que la innovación es más que tecnología. Posteriormente se mencionan los factores que determinan el éxito de la innovación, así mismo, se presentan los modelos de innovación de acuerdo con diversos autores. Adicionalmente, para lograr una gestión de innovación exitosa es indispensable el establecimiento de un Sistema Nacional de Innovación el cual facilitará que las MIPYMES coordinen con cada uno de los actores: Estado a través de las Instituciones de Gobierno, Centros de Investigación y las Instituciones de Educación Superior con el objeto de que cada actor contribuya a lograr procesos de innovación exitosos. Finalmente se considera la dependencia entre los términos de innovación y estrategia, por lo cual se describen los tipos de estrategia empresarial resaltando la importancia de la estrategia basada en la innovación como factor clave para el éxito empresarial.
MÚSICA Y DESCARGA DE INTERNET: ANÁLISIS DE SUS ANTECEDENTES E IMPLICACIONES DE GESTIÓN
Authors: CUADRADO GARCÍA MANUEL , MIQUEL ROMERO MARÍA JOSÉ
Published: May 2019

La descarga de música de Internet es un fenómeno cada vez más extendido, que está causando importantes daños a la industria musical. Tomando como referencia la Teoría del Comportamiento Planeado, el presente trabajo trata de identificar las variables que condicionan la intención del individuo de descargarse música no autorizada, incorporando nuevas relaciones no contempladas explícitamente en la teoría considerada. Sólo conociendo el por qué del comportamiento se podrá valorar la posible instrumentalización de acciones a tendentes mejorar la situación por la que atraviesa la industria musical. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se proponen acciones vinculadas con la gestión.
LA UTILIDAD: BALANCE DESDE LAS PERSPECTIVAS DE LAS ESCUELAS NEOCLÁSICA Y AUSTRIACA
Authors: SALAS ALVARADO ANDRÉS ALBERTO
Published: May 2019

Se abordan las principales diferencias en relación con el tratamiento del concepto de utilidad por parte de la Escuela Austriaca de Economía y la Neoclásica, con el fin de resaltar las características que podrían determinar de forma clara si existen puntos de separación de las concepciones subjetivas del concepto, o bien prevalece la complementariedad entre estas dos escuelas de pensamiento económico.
Las normas de comportamiento ético en el manejo de la información privilegiada en la Ley Reguladora del Mercado de Valores
Authors: Montiel Castillo Federico
Published: May 2019

Las normas de conducta en el manejo de la información privilegiada en la Ley Reguladora del Mercado de Valores son postulados importantes que fortalecen los principios de confianza, protección al inversor y la seguridad que debe prevalecer en el sistema del mercado de valores. Estas normas de conducta son principios éticos que rigen el actuar no solo de los funcionarios públicos que puedan tener acceso a la misma, sino también a una serie de colaboradores que en ocasión de sus funciones puedan conocerla y procurar un beneficio indebido para sí, para un tercero o bien para un grupo de interés económico, lo que a la postre puede significar un impacto negativo no solo en el sistema de valores sino también en la confianza del público inversor como actor fundamental.ABSTRACTConduct regulations related to the management of privileged information as stated in the Securities Market Regulating Law are important principles that strengthen the trust, protection, and safety of investors that should prevail in the market system. These rules of conduct are ethical principles that govern the actions, not only of public officials who may have access to specific information, but also to a number of collaborators that, thanks to their functions, can know it, too, and who may procure an undue advantage for themselves, for a third party or for a group of economic interest, a situation that, ultimately, may bring a negative impact, not only on the value system, but also on the confidence of a key player: the investing public.KEYWORDS: INSIDE INFORMATION, POST BAG, STOCK MARKET CRIMES, RESPONSIBILITY OFFICER, BOARD, SUGEVAL.
Similitudes y diferencias entre la evidencia de auditoría y la prueba en el procedimiento judicial o administrativo
Authors: Arroyo Chacón Jennifer Isabel
Published: May 2019

El objetivo del presente documento es exponer las similitudes y diferencias entre la evidencia de auditoría y la prueba en un proceso administrativo o jurisdiccional, conceptos que si bien están íntimamente vinculados no pueden ser considerados como sinónimos. Para ello, el documento expone las características más importantes de la evidencia de auditoría junto con las normas técnicas que la regula; posteriormente, desglosa el concepto de prueba, los diferentes tipos de prueba que existen así como la normativa que le aplica en el ordenamiento jurídico costarricense; para finalmente, explicar las similitudes y diferencias de ambos conceptos. Concluye reiterando que si bien ambas figuras están íntimamente vinculadas y nacen producto del trabajo del auditor, ellas poseen naturaleza distinta y por lo tanto, el auditor debe estar consiente de dichas diferencias al momento de realizar su trabajo
La gestión de relaciones con el cliente: estrategia empresarial en una organización de servicios turísticos de Baja California
Authors: Cruz Estrada Isaac , Miranda Zavala Ana María
Published: May 2019

La investigación tiene como objetivo identificar el proceso de la gestión de relaciones con el cliente como una estrategia empresarial en una organización de servicios turísticos, ubicada en la zona gastronómica de Tijuana, Baja California y se distingue por estar dentro del top 5 de negocios de venta de café de esta ciudad. La metodología de la investigación inicia por la revisión de literatura; de este modo se realizó una entrevista al coordinador de mercadotecnia para evaluar la situación actual de la tecnología, la gestión de la información, la gestión del conocimiento y la orientación al cliente. Asimismo, se aplicó una encuesta de satisfacción a clientes de la empresa que están registrados en el programa de fidelidad de la organización. Los principales resultados muestran la ausencia de herramientas que evalúen la satisfacción del cliente y desconocimiento del comportamiento del consumidor. De este modo, se establece un proceso de gestión de relaciones con el cliente, el cual inicia por considerar una evaluación interna y externa que a su vez habrá de permitir la mejora de los resultados a través de la experiencia adquirida.
La Reforma de la administración financiero-presupuestaria en Costa Rica
Authors: Bolaños Garita Rolando
Published: May 2019

Los esfuerzos –no necesariamente los logros– de reforma administrativa costarricense suman varios desde hace décadas, incluyendo una variedad temática de la cual la gestión de los presupuestos públicos no es la excepción. Así, resulta medular comprender los elementos que circundan al actual Sistema de Administración Financiera costarricense, al igual que la serie de propuestas que hoy pueden encontrarse en el panorama administrativo para su modificación; algunas de naturaleza teórica, otras de carácter internacional y otras ya visibles en la corriente legislativa. No obstante, continúan latentes las intenciones por extrapolar corrientes foráneas, o bien la generación de normas paralelas a la Ley 8131, sin reconocer lo que desde esta puede lograrse para que los presupuestos públicos de la Administración Central y Descentralizada funcionen de manera sistémica y articulada hacia el desarrollo nacional.
Efecto de la regeneración del bosque nuboso sobre la morfología floral y polinización del arbusto heterostílico Palicourea padifolia (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Guzmán Q. J. Antonio , Rodríguez-Corrales A.
Published: May 2019

Los estudios de las implicaciones de la heterostilia floral en las especies se encuentran ligados a poblaciones puntuales, ninguno de estos toman en cuenta las variaciones de los rasgos heterostílicos en poblaciones que se encuentran en ambientes con contrastante estado de regeneración natural. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si existen diferencias en la morfología floral, la carga polínica estigmática y la producción de polen en morfos heterostílicos de Palicourea padifolia en dos áreas contrastantes de regeneración natural (bosque secundario viejo vs. bosque en regeneración temprana). Existen diferencias en la longitud y ancho del perianto entre ambos morfos y entre ambas áreas boscosas, lo cual pueden responder a los rasgos de la heterostilia floral como tal y a las características ambientales de ambos sitios. La carga polínica estigmática no mostró diferencias entre morfos, pero sí entre las áreas boscosas, lo que sugiere que existe un efecto de las condiciones ecológicas del ecosistema, lo cual es mayormente explicado por el número de vecinos y el grado de exposición de las plantas. La producción de polen no varió entre los morfos ni se entendió cómo el área boscosa afecta la producción. Este trabajo resalta la importancia de tomar en cuenta las particularidades ecológicas de cada región para poder explicar posibles patrones de variación de los rasgos florales y la polinización de especies heterostílicas.
Gestión ambiental en el sector público de Costa Rica: indicadores de referencia para aspectos ambientales comunes
Authors: Chinchilla S Marco Vinicio
Published: May 2019

Environmental management in the Costa Rican public sector: baseline indicators for common environmental aspects. Since 2011 the Costa Rican public sector has been mandated to develop environmental management programs for the reduction of negative environmental impacts (MINAE-S Executive Decree 36499). Some environmental aspects are common to most institutions: water, paper, electricity and fuel consumption, and generation of Greenhouse Gases (GHG). Here I present common environmental indicators to serve as a baseline to assess effectiveness in the sector over time. I analyzed consumption records delivered by the institutions to the Ministry of Environment and Energy. I found the following consumption indicators: a) 2,76m3 of water/employee/month; (b) 411,5 sheets/employee/month; (c) 206,78kWh/employee/month; (d) 8,03kWh/m2 month; (e) 20,29L of fuel per employee/month. For the generation of carbon dioxide equivalent, the following estimates were used: 17,04kg of CO2e/employee/month for electrical energy consumption; (b) 53,07kg of CO2e/employee/month for consumption of fuel by transport vehicles. No significant differences were found between the ministries and decentralized public institutional sector; with the exception of the consumption of electricity by area (Test t-student; t=-2,731; p=0,009), where the highest value was observed in the decentralized public institutional sector (11,06kWh/m2/month). This results represent the starting point for future studies to analyze the effectiveness of environmental management in the Costa Rican public sector.
Relationship of private business density with poverty, higher education and technological connectivity in the provinces and districts of Costa Rica.
Authors: Brenes Bonilla Lizette , Bermúdez Mesén Ligia , Campos Vargas Carlos Andrés
Published: May 2019

Poverty in Costa Rican has been analyzed from different perspectives for many years, however, the study of current behavior requires innovative approaches. We used detailed official maps to visualize relationships among business density, poverty, higher education and technological connectivity. We found a strong concentration of entrepreneur capacity in the Great Metropolitan Area around the capital, which has more than half of the country’s population in only 4% of the country’s territory. There is no entrepreneurial coordination among provinces and the greatest inequalities occur in the province of Heredia. Areas with less businesses are the poorest in the country and this needs to be addressed by national policies.
Differences in housing, lodges, language, kinship and perception of tourism in Bribri communities with varying levels of geographic isolation (Talamanca, Costa Rica)
Authors: Arias Hidalgo David , Méndez Estrada Víctor Hugo
Published: May 2019

Tourism is an economic, social and cultural activity that exerts positive and negative influences on communities and ecosystems where it is implemented. Tourism is occurring in the Talamanca valley communities of Yorkín, Bambú and Shiroles (Costa Rica), where there is developing infrastructure and high tourist demand. Our aim was to analyze the environmental and socio- cultural influence of tourist lodges and homes in Talamanca Bribri territory. We visited ten communities in Bratsi and Telire, six with lodges and four without lodges. We interviewed those responsible for the tourist lodges and heads of households in communities with or without lodges. A conical type of construction dominates the tourist lodges, while wooden houses on stilts dominate communities without tourism. In communities with tourist lodges, there is significant, predominant use of non-traditional raw materials in the construction of stilts, walls and doors. In geographically-isolated communities traditional materials dominate, compared to the use of non-traditional materials in communities with greater connectivity. In communities with lodges, the breed- ing of domestic animals for meat consumption is a stronger tradition. In geographically-isolated communities, the native language and the kinship system is preserved. In the territory 21 clans according to the matrilineal kinship system were identified. There are no differences in the perception of the impact of tourism on communities. In communities with lodges or without them, the same socio-cultural practices are mentioned.
Level of satisfaction with their life of officials of a state university in Costa Rica
Authors: Arce Espinoza Lourdes
Published: May 2019

Personal satisfaction is an indicator of life quality. Labor and country conditions have their effect, but individual factors dominate satisfaction, including family, sex life, educational level and neighborhood. I surveyed 1000 staff members of a Costa Rican public university via email. The questionnaire considered satisfaction in the personal, labor and country level. I found no gender diference in the answers, but partnered people are more satis ed that divorcees and widowers. People with steady jobs and mature age are more satis ed. Important job factors are working schedule, amount of work, salary, infrastructure and interpersonal relationships. Life satisfaction results from the interaction of the above variables, not from a single factor.
Personnal, occupational and geographical satisfaction in the staff of a state university in Costa Rica: effect of sex, marital status, age and educatio
Authors: Arce Espinoza Lourdes
Published: May 2019

Satisfaction is determined by a set of external and internal factors of the individual, experiences, culture and the environment; it changes with goals and achievements. Here I analyze the results of an online survey of 1000 institutional email users from a public university in Costa Rica. Men are more satis ed with life in general and single, widowed or divorced people are less satis ed than those living with a partner. The greatest satisfaction is associated with tenure, being over 31 years old and having a high academic degree. Overall satisfaction is medium-high which is consistent with other local studies.
Soil chemical fertility in dairy farms of the Guanacaste volcanic mountain range, Costa Rica
Authors: Saborío-Montero Alejandro , Marín-Taylor Osvaldo , Arguedas-Sánchez Randall , Ramírez-Fallas Sinaí
Published: May 2019

The aim of this research was to determine the fertility of soils of dairy farms at four zones of the Guanacaste volcanic mountain range. The study was conducted during a two-year period (2009-2010) in farms of Guayabo (Bagaces) and Nubes, San Ramón and Florida (Quebrada Grande, Tilarán). A total of 40 soil samples were collected, each one was composed by 20 sub- samples. The results revealed that soil pH in Guayabo tended to be lower (p=0.0539) than in Nubes, San Ramón and Florida. Guayabo soils showed higher concentrations (p<0.01) of magnesium (Mg), cupper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) than the soils of the three zones of Tilarán. The soils of Guayabo and San Ramón showed higher values of effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) (p<0.01) than Nubes and Florida soils. According to the general critical levels for the extracting solution used, none of the soils of the analyzed zones reach a pH higher than 5.5, the Tilarán and Guayabo soils were deficient in Mg and P respectively and no zone was deficient in Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn. These results revealed that the soils of all the zones had some mineral deficiency and low values of pH, therefore fertilizers and amendments should be applied according to nutritional needs of each farm. Adequate soil nutrition could improve productivity of forage and allowed a higher animal charge capacity per unit of area.
A Singing Orna/Mentor's Performance or Ir/rational Practice
Authors: Elisabeth Laasonen Belgrano
Published: May 2019

This exposition is an orna/mentor’s doing, an attempt, an essay, a performance, a line-of-thinking, a series of relations, a performance-research-model, a beginning of an orna/mentor’s manifesto. It might appear chaotic for some, and inviting for others. Its aim is to allow for the visitor to dive into the ‘orna’ (as in ‘urn’ meaning: an ornamented vase) mentored by a vocal performer. The exposition performs the raw and asymmetric intimacy of a research process searching to penetrate into (while at the same time radically opening up) that-which-is-yet-to-be-known. The performative caring has created an endless amount of philosophizing figures/sounds-in-themselves, as ornamented variations of an original musical score; a translation of one doing of another doing of another doing. Included in this exposition - as yet another ornamented variation – is a ‘peer-review-dialogue’ (a Q & A) between the orna/mentor and a Chorus of Unknown Reviewers. This dialogue has been included to clarify (or perhaps confuse even more) some of the questions that might arise in the mind of the visitor while moving through the exposition.
Quest for a Breathing Performance
Authors: Anu Vehviläinen
Published: May 2019

In this exposition, I study the concept of ‘experimentation’ in artistic research. I describe how the interdisciplinary collaboration of the Silence Ensemble influenced a violin-piano recital through both conscious and unintentional experimentation.

The focus of the experimentation is on the ‘now-moment’. A detailed explanation of the technical practicing process before the concert is also offered to introduce the experimental approach.

To define my individual experimentation, I refer to experimentation studies in artistic research and especially to Bart Vanhecke’s concepts of experimentation ‘in’ and ‘through’ art.
Indigenous Knowledge, Performance Art and the Faltering Act of Translation
Authors: Lea Kantonen  , Pekka Kantonen
Published: May 2019

In collaboration with Wixárika teachers and community museum planners we have planned and carried out performance art events in which video footage on pedagogical situations is screened and the teachers explain and practically demonstrate to the audience what happens in the footage – in Dwight Conquergood´s words the teachers "perform their own experience". They present and contextualize the knowledge we have recorded together with them in a fieldwork situation. It is important that our Wixarika co-performers themselves perform as the experts and teachers of the knowledge both in the live event and in the video footage. They have studied both formally in a university and non-formally as apprentices in the shamanistic institution of rukuri+kate that can be dated back to pre-colonial times. We artists-researchers function as documentarists and translators, often hesitating between different translation options. The significations vary from one language to another, from one translation to another. The translation is performed as a hesitant act, open for different meanings.
Equipment and process windows for laser metal deposition with coaxial wire feeding
Authors: Kelbassa Jana , Gasser Andres , Bremer Jan , Pütsch Oliver , Poprawe Reinhart , Henrich Schleifenbaum Johannes
Published: May 2019

For some materials and applications, it is advantageous to use a wire instead of powder additives for laser metal deposition (LMD). By utilizing a wire as an additive material, major disadvantages of powder-based LMD processes can be eliminated. Contamination of the process cell with metal powder, significant material losses during the process, health and safety issues, and insufficient powder quality are just some of the problems avoided by this approach. A continuous ring-shaped laser beam surrounding the wire is one of the distinguishing features of the presented LMD processing head. The laser beam and wire are arranged coaxially to each other, with the wire being fed through the inside of the hollow, ring-shaped laser beam. The coaxial supply of inert gas avoids exposure of the melt pool to atmospheric oxygen. Through this design, the wire LMD process is independent of the feed direction. A very high degree of material utilization paired with the aforementioned advantages promises the potential for efficient and precise buildup of two- and three-dimensional geometries. The reduced mass of the head through advanced design makes highly dynamic LMD processes feasible. By allowing the use of thin additive wires, even intricate geometries can be built up in near-net-shape. To evaluate the potential of this novel approach for wire-based laser material deposition, a prototype processing head was designed, built, and tested. First, results and measurements regarding beam shaping, process behavior, and resulting deposits are shown and discussed. Material samples from both Inconel 718 and Titanium Ti-6Al-4V were built and evaluated metallographically. An outlook toward future research and possible applications is given.
Development of Management Industry of Lawang Oil (Cinnamomum Culilawan Blume) in Ujung Kia Village, Ki District, Boven Digoel Regency, Papua Province
Authors: Siman Sebestina , Lembang Hendricus
Published: May 2019

Lawang oil (cinnamomum culilawan BL) is a commodity from non-timber forest products from Ujungkia Village, Ki District, Boven Digoel Regency. The rich of natural resources can be processed into a commodity to increase local community welfare and local revenue (PAD). So that this study aims to determine the feasibility of developing management industry of lawang oil in Ujungkia Village which will become an industrial center and a new center for economic growth. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative, combined with quantitative research, namely the method of analysis of Loss / Profit Ratio and SWOT. The results of the research are the development of management industry of the lawang oil in Ujungkia Village, Ki District, Boven Digoel Regency which has good and feasible prospects to be realized based on the results of the R/C analysis and SWOT analysis. Based on the R/C ratio analysis that is obtained is equal to 1.585 which means the value of R/C ratio ≥ 1, in this case management industry of Lawang oil activities are profitable. Then the results of the SWOT analysis obtained Total Strength - Total Weakness (S-W) which is 1.86 or X = 1.86. While the difference in Total Opportunities - Total Threats (0-T) is 1.44 or Y = 1.44. This means that (1.86; 1.44) is in Quadrant I (positive, positive).
Development Strategy of Noken Product on Local Community in Sota Merauke
Authors: Batlajery Semuel , Setya Wati Caecilia Heny
Published: May 2019

This research aims to formulate Strategy development product Noken of to local community of district border of Merauke / Papua New Guinea. The method used is the observation and in-depth interview on noken craftsmen. The formulation of appropriate strategies for local communities Noken craftsmen are essential for business continuity and profit in business competition.Increasingly tight competition required the noken craftsmen to always do the strategy in developing noken products well.Moreover, neighboring Papua New Guinea's noken products are always flooding the sota border areas.Analysis SWOT shows that the position of noken craftsmen in the tourist area means the situation is very profitable.Craftsmen have the opportunity and power so as to harness the power to redeem opportunities.
Alive or Dead?
Authors: Solé Ricard , Elena Santiago F.
Published: May 2019

The classical view of viruses as intracellular parasites requiring available molecular machinery to replicate themselves suggests that they can be considered as some sort of program. In this context, viruses would mainly be considered as encapsulated pieces of software, to be executed by the cellular host hardware. The function that is being executed is a computation, and using this concept will be extremely useful in the exploration of viruses as computational objects. The notion of a general machine capable of performing computations was formalized in theoretical terms by British mathematician Alan Turing. This chapter discusses viruses as replicating machines, viruses as phases of matter, evolving genome reduction, the space of replicators, adaptation at high-mutation rates, viral quasispecies, and critical genome size.
Landscapes
Authors: Solé Ricard , Elena Santiago F.
Published: May 2019

This chapter begins by discussing fitness landscape, an idea first introduced by evolutionary geneticist Sewall Wright and later extended by several other authors. The fitness landscape is defined in terms of some particular traits that are implicit in the virus particle phenotype and are usually described in terms of replication rate or infectivity. The landscape appears in most textbook plots as a multi-peaked surface. Local maxima represent optimal fitness values, which can be reached through mutation from a subset of lower-fitness neighbors. Given an initial condition defined by a quasi-species distribution localized somewhere in the sequence space, the population will evolve by exploring nearest positions through mutation. The remainder of the chapter deals with symmetric competition, epistasis in RNA viruses, experimental virus landscapes, the survival of the flattest effect, and virus robustness.
Virus Dynamics and Arms Races
Authors: Solé Ricard , Elena Santiago F.
Published: May 2019

The life histories of viruses cannot be understood outside the context of their host partners. Because they cannot exist without the environment defined by their target organisms, understanding the behavior of viruses inevitably leads to consideration of how they and their hosts coevolve. Mathematics is also key to understanding evolution. This chapter studies several models describing key aspects of virus–host dynamics on different scales. As an illustrative example, the discussion focuses on the interaction between HIV-1 and the immune system, using both ecological and evolutionary models. The chapter covers HIV multiscale dynamics, population dynamics of HIV, infection, spatial dynamics of HIV-1, antigenic diversity thresholds and AIDS, and viral symbiosis.
The “Nature” of the Internet
Authors: Hindman Matthew
Published: May 2019

This chapter argues that, in crucial ways, misconceptions about the “nature” of the Internet are still the explicit rationale for our public policies. The problem in writing about “the” Internet, the chapter argues, is that there is not one Internet but two. The first is the actual-existing Internet most of us use daily, if not constantly. The second is what can be called the “imaginary” Internet—the idealized, fictionalized, reified Internet that “everyone knows,” which is democratizing communication and economic life. Again and again, our understanding of the real Internet has been obscured by unfounded faith in the idealized one. The chapter argues that the gap between the imagined Internet and the real one is not just a matter of emphasis or optimistic tone or rhetorical flourish. On the imagined Internet, many still suppose that audiences are spread thinly across tens of thousands of outlets. On the real Internet, by contrast, a third of web visits go to the top ten firms.
Economic Development and Institutional Change, 1980–2015
Authors: Pamuk Şevket
Published: May 2019

This chapter explores how, in the decades after World War II, Turkey had attained unprecedented rates of growth by raising both its savings and investments rates from 11 percent of GDP in the early 1950s to 22 percent of GDP in the late 1970s. Investments in plant and equipment as well as education were financed primarily by domestic savings, even though as per capita incomes continued to rise after 1980, the savings rate did not rise. The growing dependence on short-term foreign capital inflows caused a significant increase in macroeconomic instability. The fluctuations in short-term movements of capital, arising from both global trends and domestic political instability, have led to major fluctuations in the economy since 1980.
Exile, Statelessness, and Migration
Authors: Benhabib Seyla
Published: May 2019

This book explores the intertwined lives, careers, and writings of a group of prominent Jewish intellectuals during the mid-twentieth century—in particular, Theodor Adorno, Hannah Arendt, Walter Benjamin, Isaiah Berlin, Albert Hirschman, and Judith Shklar, as well as Hans Kelsen, Emmanuel Levinas, Gershom Scholem, and Leo Strauss. Informed by their Jewish identity and experiences of being outsiders, these thinkers produced one of the most brilliant and effervescent intellectual movements of modernity. The book's starting point is that these thinkers faced migration, statelessness, and exile because of their Jewish origins, even if they did not take positions on specifically Jewish issues personally. The sense of belonging and not belonging, of being “eternally half-other,” led them to confront essential questions: What does it mean for the individual to be an equal citizen and to wish to retain one's ethnic, cultural, and religious differences, or perhaps even to rid oneself of these differences altogether in modernity? The book isolates four themes in their works: dilemmas of belonging and difference; exile, political voice, and loyalty; legality and legitimacy; and pluralism and the problem of judgment. Surveying the work of influential intellectuals, Exile, Statelessness, and Migration recovers the valuable plurality of their Jewish voices and develops their universal insights in the face of the crises of this new century.
Equality and Difference
Authors: Benhabib Seyla
Published: May 2019

This chapter explains how in the German—Jewish encounter with political modernity, the contradictory presuppositions constitutive of every nation-state are revealed. Now that the weaknesses of the Westphalian state-system are becoming increasingly apparent, whereas the alternative institutions that ought to transcend this system are still remote, scholars can identify some of these paradoxes more vividly. The dignity of equal citizenship for all and the sovereignty claims of the nation are the dual sources of legitimacy in the modern nation-state, and the tensions among them have accompanied and enframed the people's political experiences since the bourgeois democratic revolutions of the eighteenth century. The chapter shows how Jewish political and legal thinkers of the twentieth century have grappled with both dimensions of this paradox.
Exile and Social Science
Authors: Benhabib Seyla
Published: May 2019

This chapter focuses on how Albert Hirschman presented that the image of the economy as a fully competitive system where changes in the fortunes of individual firms are exclusively caused by basic shifts of comparative advantage is certainly an inaccurate representation of the real world. In associations such as the family, the state, and religious, civic, and professional institutions, loyalty dominates and often trumps exit in favor of voice. “Exit” means leaving behind a product, a service, a firm, or a country to seek others, whereas “voice” refers to the choice to seek influence and have a say in determining the future quality of products or institutions. The chapter shows how Hirschman knew about exit, the search for voice, and the conflicts of loyalties first-hand through his eventful life and travels.
Was the Pericope Adulterae Suppressed?
Authors: Knust Jennifer , Wasserman Tommy
Published: May 2019

This chapter addresses the possibility that the pericope adulterae was deleted rather than interpolated. Contemporary scholars have often suggested that the unusual history of the pericope adulterae can best be explained by its seemingly radical content. In a world where adultery on the part of women was heavily censured, this story may have pushed the limits of Christian mercy too far, especially since the earliest Christians were often accused of sexual misconduct. In addition, the woman showed no apparent signs of repentance. Nevertheless, outright deletion or intentional suppression are both highly improbable: scribes and scholars were trained never to delete, even when they doubted the authenticity of a given passage, and the widespread affection for stories about adulterous women across the ancient world belies the thesis that this story was censored.
“In Certain Gospels”?
Authors: Knust Jennifer , Wasserman Tommy
Published: May 2019

This chapter looks at editorial work, Gospel translation, traditions for reception, and attitudes toward the fourfold Gospels among late ancient scribes and scholars to illuminate the evidence of the pericope adulterae appearing only “in certain Gospels.” After nearly two centuries of spirited defense of the fourfold Gospels, as well as an uptick in biblical scholarship, the difficulty presented by the omission of the pericope adulterae from the four acknowledged Gospels had finally emerged as a worthy topic, at least in some quarters. Among Latin-speaking Christians, the story found a safe home and was incorporated in Jerome's new translation. In exclusively Greek contexts, however, the story was initially ignored, probably because it was omitted from many of the available copies of the Gospel of John.
A Pearl of the Gospel
Authors: Knust Jennifer , Wasserman Tommy
Published: May 2019

This chapter assesses the importance of the Johannine passage in Old Latin and Byzantine texts, with particular attention to paratextual notes, chapter headings, and annotations. Some Old Latin Gospels retain traces of the pericope adulterae's earlier absence, but most include it, highlighting it in capitula—the chapter summaries and lists that also accompanied Vulgate Gospels—often preserving Old Latin forms. By contrast, the story remained comparably marginal in Greek contexts, as scholars have frequently noted. Even so, the story was popular enough to provoke an exceptional event: at some point in late antiquity, the passage was interpolated in some manuscripts into the kephalaia—a set of chapter headings with titles that prefaced most Byzantine copies of the Gospels. This manuscript evidence challenges the impression that the story was marginal, even in Greek.
Holy House Builders
Authors: Vélez Karin
Published: May 2019

This chapter first considers Bishop Casal's failed attempt to take a stone from the Holy House and its repercussions. It then surveys multiple iterations of the Holy House of Loreto that were built from blueprints distributed at the Loreto shrine in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. It closes by honing in on the replicas of the Jesuits, especially a diverse string of Holy Houses left by one Jesuit, Juan Maria Salvatierra, across Mexico. Individually and as a group, holy house builders in Europe and on the American frontiers wavered between creating accurate, rooted copies that were thoughtfully integrated into their new surroundings, and making imperfect, drifting copies that were unmodified and intrusive to their new settings. This variety suggests that what mattered most in spreading the Loreto devotion was felt intent (mood) rather than following instructions (mind).
Medieval Varieties of Believing
Authors: Shagan Ethan H.
Published: May 2019

This chapter discusses how, for medieval Christians, belief was a way of negotiating this characteristic predicament of a religion that posits an utterly transcendent deity but then desires to know him. Belief mitigated the potential hubris that adhered in every attempt to approach God, not only because it was biblically sanctioned—all who believe are saved—but because it was amphibious, a kind of knowledge-claim without implying knowledge. Belief was an ordinary human operation, and yet, when sanctified, belief might reach all the way to heaven. As a concept with one foot in epistemology and another foot in saving faith, belief was ideally positioned to address the dilemma of how finite creatures might approach an infinite creator.
Newton’s Early Alchemical Theoricae
Authors: Newman William R.
Published: May 2019

This chapter focuses on two remarkable treatises that Newton wrote in the period between 1670 and 1674, Humores minerales and Of Natures obvious laws & processes in vegetation, which provide a theoretical basis for much of his later practical work in chymistry. The importance of these short documents cannot be overstated, as they furnish an unparalleled glimpse into certain features of Newton's thought that implicitly underlie his chaotic corpus of reading notes, synopses, anthologies, indexes, and experimental records. While Humores minerales purveys Newton's response to the early modern fusion of alchemy and mining that led to a cyclical view of mineral generation and corruption, Of Natures obvious laws represents a further stage, a sort of chymical revery on the world.
The Doves of Diana
Authors: Newman William R.
Published: May 2019

Beginning with Newton's very early interpretations of the Polish alchemist Michael Sendivogius in the manuscripts Babson 925 and Keynes 19, this chapter shows he initially thought the secret of chrysopoeia to be attainable by means of two ingredients alone, namely stibnite or crude antimony and lead. Much of his focus on antimony stems from his recent reading of the 1669 text by Philalethes, Secrets Reveal'd, which describes the use of that material in fairly clear terminology. The great significance that Newton idiosyncratically attaches to the metal lead in this early phase, however, has gone unnoticed by previous scholars. His subsequent exposure to additional alchemical texts soon made him understand that he had oversimplified matters. Other metals were also involved in the processes of Philalethes, especially copper. By deepening his understanding of subterranean mineral generation, Newton believed he would be in a better position to replicate nature's processes of growth and transformation in the laboratory.
The Fortunes of Raymundus
Authors: Newman William R.
Published: May 2019

This chapter examines Newton's take on the substantial alchemical corpus ascribed to the high medieval Mallorcan philosopher Ramon Lull. It begins with a brief consideration of the Epistola ad Theodorum Mundanum and Newton's synopsis of it. It then examines the cycle of Opera in their several complementary drafts, which will reveal the heavy influence exercised by Dickinson, pseudo-Lull, Snyders, and other authors. The Opera may be dated conservatively to the period between the publication of Dickinson's Epistola in 1686 and a later stage in Newton's alchemy, namely, his intense collaboration with Nicolas Fatio de Duillier in the early 1690s. The work with Fatio also contributed to Newton's production of a text that has received notice from other Newtonian scholars as in some sense the culmination of his alchemical endeavor, Huntington Library, Babson MS 420, otherwise known as Praxis.