bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimated GFR Decline is Causally Associated with Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Nested Case-Control and Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Lyu Yanshuang , Li Haobo , Liu Xin , Zhang Xiaomeng , Chen Yinong , Fan Guohui , Zhang Hong , Han Zhifa , Guo Zhuangjie , Weng Haoyi , Hu Huiyuan , Li Xincheng , Zhang Zhu , Zhang Yu , Xu Feiya , Wang Chen , Wang Dingyi , Yang Peiran , Zhai Zhenguo
Published: October 2024

Background: Renal dysfunction is highly prevalent among patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). This study combined population-based study and Mendelian randomization to observe the relationship between renal function and PE.
Methods: A nested case-control study were performed using data of PE patients and controls were from two nationwide cohorts, the China pUlmonary thromboembolism REgistry Study (CURES) and China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS). Baseline characteristics were balanced using propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting. Restricted cubic spline models were applied for the relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and the risk of PE. Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed using Genome-wide association study summary statistics for eGFR involving 1,201,909 individuals and for PE from the FinnGen consortium.
Results: The nested case-control study including 17,547 participants (6,322 PE patients) found that eGFR distribution was significantly different between PE patients and controls (P<0.001), PE patients had a higher proportion of eGFR<60 mL/min/1·73 m2. eGFR below 88 mL/min/1·73 m2 was associated with a steep elevation in PE risk. MR analyses indicated a potential causal effect of eGFR decline on PE (OR=4·26, 95%CI 2·07-8·79), with no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy and reverse causality.
Conclusions: Our findings support the hypothesis that renal function decline contributes to an elevated PE risk. Together with the high prevalence of chronic kidney diseases globally, there arises the necessity for monitoring and modulation of renal function in effective PE prevention.
Factor Replacement Treatment for Hemophilia A: Achievements and Perspectives
Authors: Mancuso Maria Elisa
Published: October 2024

The mainstay of treatment for persons with hemophilia A (PwHA) with severe bleeding phenotype is prophylaxis. The pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of native factor VIII (FVIII) imposes the need for rather frequent intravenous injections to ensure effective prophylaxis, but this represents a relevant treatment burden and is associated with suboptimal adherence to treatment. In this light, the advent of extended half-life (EHL) FVIII molecules has improved prophylaxis feasibility and outcomes by favoring treatment individualization and tailoring protection according to specific clinical and nonclinical needs. Different technologies have been used to enhance FVIII PK properties including Fc-fusion and conjugation with polyethylene glycol. Data from clinical development programs for such molecules, together with growing real-world experience, have shown numerous benefits related to the use of EHL FVIII in PwHA. Recently a new class of ultra-long-acting EHL FVIII has been developed to further improve protection against bleeding episodes and achieve the ambitious goal of providing PwHA with hemostatic protection in the nonhemophilia range over longer time periods, hence ensuring very low bleeding rates and improving joint health and quality of life. In this review, the achievements and perspectives of replacement therapies for PwHA are summarized and discussed.
Continuous active sonar may not fix noise pollution of killer whale habitats
Authors: Daniel Hannah
Published: October 2024

Although quieter, continuous active sonar still interferes too much with killer whale communication.
Transfer learning for molecular property predictions from small datasets
Authors: Kirschbaum Thorren , Bande Annika
Published: October 2024

Machine learning has emerged as a new tool in chemistry to bypass expensive experiments or quantum-chemical calculations, for example, in high-throughput screening applications. However, many machine learning studies rely on small datasets, making it difficult to efficiently implement powerful deep learning architectures such as message passing neural networks. In this study, we benchmark common machine learning models for the prediction of molecular properties on two small datasets, for which the best results are obtained with the message passing neural network PaiNN as well as SOAP molecular descriptors concatenated to a set of simple molecular descriptors tailored to gradient boosting with regression trees. To further improve the predictive capabilities of PaiNN, we present a transfer learning strategy that uses large datasets to pre-train the respective models and allows us to obtain more accurate models after fine-tuning on the original datasets. The pre-training labels are obtained from computationally cheap ab initio or semi-empirical models, and both datasets are normalized to mean zero and standard deviation one to align the labels’ distributions. This study covers two small chemistry datasets, the Harvard Organic Photovoltaics dataset (HOPV, HOMO–LUMO-gaps), for which excellent results are obtained, and the FreeSolv dataset (solvation energies), where this method is less successful, probably due to a complex underlying learning task and the dissimilar methods used to obtain pre-training and fine-tuning labels. Finally, we find that for the HOPV dataset, the final training results do not improve monotonically with the size of the pre-training dataset, but pre-training with fewer data points can lead to more biased pre-trained models and higher accuracy after fine-tuning.
Spectral and spatial resolution of an extreme ultraviolet broadband imaging spectrometer based on dispersion-matched zone plates
Authors: Babenko Ievgeniia , Mostafa Yahia , Bouza Zoi , Versolato Oscar O. , Bayraktar Muharrem
Published: October 2024

We present a combined 1D imaging and broadband spectroscopy tool for analyzing laser-produced plasma sources of extreme ultraviolet light using a tapered zone plate that is dispersion-matched to a transmission grating. Specifically, we follow up on prior work [Mostafa et al. Opt. Lett. 48, 4316 (2023)] to obtain the actual spectral and spatial resolution of the imaging spectrometer and compare it to the design values. The imaging spectrometer is shown to have a spectral resolution of 1.2 nm at 13.5 nm, close to its design value, by assessing spectra obtained from carbon laser-produced plasma in a 5–180 nm wavelength band. The spatial resolution was obtained by placing slits near the object plane and back-illuminating the slit with a tin laser-produced plasma and found to be 17(5) µm, somewhat larger than the design specifications but still well within design limits for use for diagnosing plasma.
The accomplices: Heparan sulfates and N-glycans foster SARS-CoV-2 spike:ACE2 receptor binding and virus priming
Authors: Paiardi Giulia , Ferraz Matheus , Rusnati Marco , Wade Rebecca C.
Published: October 2024

Although it is well established that the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein binds to the host cell ACE2 receptor to initiate infection, far less is known about the tissue tropism and host cell susceptibility to the virus. Differential expression across different cell types of heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans, with variably sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and their synergistic interactions with host and viral N-glycans may contribute to tissue tropism and host cell susceptibility. Nevertheless, their contribution remains unclear since HS and N-glycans evade experimental characterization. We, therefore, carried out microsecond-long all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, followed by random acceleration molecular dynamics simulations, of the fully glycosylated spike:ACE2 complex with and without highly sulfated GAG chains bound. By considering the model GAGs as surrogates for the highly sulfated HS expressed in lung cells, we identified key cell entry mechanisms of spike SARS-CoV-2. We find that HS promotes structural and energetic stabilization of the active conformation of the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) and reorientation of ACE2 toward the N-terminal domain in the same spike subunit as the RBD. Spike and ACE2 N-glycans exert synergistic effects, promoting better packing, strengthening the protein:protein interaction, and prolonging the residence time of the complex. ACE2 and HS binding trigger rearrangement of the S2’ functional protease cleavage site through allosteric interdomain communication. These results thus show that HS has a multifaceted role in facilitating SARS-CoV-2 infection, and they provide a mechanistic basis for the development of GAG derivatives with anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential.
Programmable heterogeneous lamellar lattice architecture for dual mechanical protection
Authors: Tian Yuanyuan , Zhang Xin , Hou Boyuan , Jarlöv Asker , Du Chunyang , Zhou Kun
Published: October 2024

Shear bands frequently appear in lattice architectures subjected to compression, leading to an unstable stress–strain curve and global deformation. This deformation mechanism reduces their energy absorption and loading-bearing capacity and causes the architectures to prioritize mechanical protection of external components at the expense of the entire structure. Here, we leverage the design freedom offered by additive manufacturing and the geometrical relation of dual-phase nanolamellar crystals to fabricate heterogeneous lamellar lattice architectures consisting of body-centered cubic (BCC) and face-centered cubic (FCC) unit cells in alternating lamella. The lamellar lattice demonstrates more than 10 and 9 times higher specific energy absorption and energy absorption efficiency, respectively, compared to the BCC lattice. The drastic improvement arises as the nucleation of shear bands is inhibited by the discrete energy threshold for plastic buckling of adjacent heterogeneous lattice lamella during loading. Despite its lower density than the FCC lattice, the lamellar lattice exhibits significant enhancement in plateau stress and crushing force efficiency, attributed to the strengthening effect induced by simultaneous deformation of unit cells in the BCC lattice lamella and the resulting cushion shielding effect. The design improves the global mechanical properties, making lamellar lattices compare favorably against numerous materials proposed for mechanical protection. Additionally, it provides opportunities to program the local mechanical response, achieving programmable internal protection alongside overall external protection. This work provides a different route to design lattice architecture by combining internal and external dual mechanical protection, enabling a generation of multiple mechanical protectors in aerospace, automotive, and transportation fields.
The Virgo Newtonian calibration system for the O4 observing run
Authors: Aubin F , Dangelser E , Estevez D , Masserot A , Mours B , Pradier T , Syx A , Van Hove P
Published: October 2024

After initial tests performed during previous observing runs, a Newtonian calibrator (NCal) system was developed and installed on the Virgo gravitational wave detector for the O4 observing run. This system, which is continuously operated, provides the absolute calibration of Virgo for this run. Its

1

-

σ

uncertainty of 0.17% on the amplitudes of the injected signals is better than that obtained with other calibration techniques like the photon calibrator (PCal). This paper presents this NCal system and details the different sources of uncertainties.
Progress and challenges in the synthesis of two-dimensional van der Waals ferroic materials and heterostructures
Authors: Wang Jia , Kang Junzhe , Chyczewski Stasiu , Lin Ye , Lee Hanwool , Zhu Wenjuan , Hong Xia
Published: October 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric and magnetic van der Waals materials are emerging platforms for the discovery of novel cooperative quantum phenomena and development of energy-efficient logic and memory applications as well as neuromorphic and topological computing. This review presents a comprehensive survey of the rapidly growing 2D ferroic family from the synthesis perspective, including brief introductions to the top-down and bottom-up approaches for fabricating 2D ferroic flakes, thin films, and heterostructures as well as the important characterization techniques for assessing the sample properties. We also discuss the key challenges and future directions in the field, including scalable growth, property control, sample stability, and integration with other functional materials.
Thermodynamic analysis of the inverse electrocaloric effect in ferroelectric thin films
Authors: Arli Cihan , Rana Atilgan Ali , Burc Misirlioglu I
Published: October 2024

Inverse electrocaloric (i-EC) effect occurs in ferroelectrics when the applied electric field aligns anti-parallel to polarization. In this study, the dependence of the i-EC effect on temperature and misfit strain is formulated and applied to clamped BaTiO3 thin films using the Landau–Ginzburg–Devonshire formalism. It is found that an interplay exists between the pyroelectric coefficient and the maximum possible inverse electric field. We demonstrate that the temperature change is strongly dependent on the inverse field amplitude and is maximal at lower temperatures away from the ferroelectric-paraelectric transition for a given misfit strain. Such an outcome is opposite to the direct electrocaloric effect, where it is desirable to remain near the transition temperature for the maximum electrocaloric temperature change. The fact that the i-EC effect can be maximum at lower temperatures could allow for the potential tailoring of this effect in strained films at moderate temperatures for device applications.
FEM-driven machine learning approach for characterizing stress magnitude, peak temperature and weld zone deformation in ultrasonic welding of metallic multilayers: application to battery cells
Authors: Al-Matarneh Feras Mohammed
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the innovative application of machine learning (ML) models to predict critical parameters—stress magnitude (SM), peak temperature (PT), and plastic strain (PS)—in ultrasonic welding of metallic multilayers. Extensive numerical simulations were employed to develop and evaluate three ML models: Radial Basis Function (RBF), Random Forest (RF), and Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR). According to the results, the KRR model demonstrated superior performance, achieving the lowest RMSE and highest R
2 values of 0.068 (R
2 = 0.941) for SM, 0.075 (R
2 = 0.929) for PT, and 0.071 (R
2 = 0.946) for PS, with fewer data samples required. KRR also exhibited low squared bias and variance values, ranging from

1
×

10

−
4

−
3.2
×

10

−
4

for bias and

2.2
×

10

−
4

−
3.6
×

10

−
4

for variance, indicating its precision in predicting the output targets. Moreover, the systematic categorization of input features, including material properties, geometrical factors, and welding parameters, highlighted their significant influence on predictive accuracy, particularly the crucial role of welding parameters at higher output values. Finally, a case study on ultrasonic welding of copper multilayers underscores the model’s effectiveness in unraveling complex relationships, providing a robust tool for optimizing and advancing ultrasonic welding processes.
Interpretable diagnosis of breast lesions in ultrasound imaging using deep multi-stage reasoning
Authors: Cui Kaixuan , Liu Weiyong , Wang Dongyue
Published: October 2024

Objective. Ultrasound is the primary screening test for breast cancer. However, providing an interpretable auxiliary diagnosis of breast lesions is a challenging task. This study aims to develop an interpretable auxiliary diagnostic method to enhance usability in human-machine collaborative diagnosis. Approach. To address this issue, this study proposes the deep multi-stage reasoning method (DMSRM), which provides individual and overall breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) assessment categories for breast lesions. In the first stage of the DMSRM, the individual BI-RADS assessment network (IBRANet) is designed to capture lesion features from breast ultrasound images. IBRANet performs individual BI-RADS assessments of breast lesions using ultrasound images, focusing on specific features such as margin, contour, echogenicity, calcification, and vascularity. In the second stage, evidence reasoning (ER) is employed to achieve uncertain information fusion and reach an overall BI-RADS assessment of the breast lesions. Main results. To evaluate the performance of DMSRM at each stage, two test sets are utilized: the first for individual BI-RADS assessment, containing 4322 ultrasound images; the second for overall BI-RADS assessment, containing 175 sets of ultrasound image pairs. In the individual BI-RADS assessment of margin, contour, echogenicity, calcification, and vascularity, IBRANet achieves accuracies of 0.9491, 0.9466, 0.9293, 0.9234, and 0.9625, respectively. In the overall BI-RADS assessment of lesions, the ER achieves an accuracy of 0.8502. Compared to independent diagnosis, the human-machine collaborative diagnosis results of three radiologists show increases in positive predictive value by 0.0158, 0.0427, and 0.0401, in sensitivity by 0.0400, 0.0600 and 0.0434, and in area under the curve by 0.0344, 0.0468, and 0.0255. Significance. This study proposes a DMSRM that enhances the transparency of the diagnostic reasoning process. Results indicate that DMSRM exhibits robust BI-RADS assessment capabilities and provides an interpretable reasoning process that better suits clinical needs.
Power handling in a highly-radiative negative triangularity pilot plant
Authors: Miller M A , Arnold D , Wigram M , Nelson A O , Witham J , Rutherford G , Choudhury H , Cummings C , Paz-Soldan C , Whyte D G
Published: October 2024

This work explores detailed power handling solutions for a class of high-field, highly-radiative negative triangularity (NT) reactors based around the MANTA concept (Rutherford et al 2024 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion). The divertor design is kept as simple as possible, opting for a standard divertor with standard leg length. FreeGS is used to create an equilibrium for the boundary region, prioritizing a short outer leg length of only ∼50 cm (∼40% of the minor radius). The UEDGE code package is used for the boundary plasma solution to track plasma temperatures and fluxes to the divertor targets. It is found that for

P

SOL

= 25 MW and

n

sep

=
0.96
×

10

20

m−3, conditions consistent with initial core transport modeling, little additional power mitigation is necessary. For a fixed impurity fraction of just 0.13% Ne in the plasma, the peak heat flux density at the more heavily loaded outer targets falls to 7.8 MW m−2, while the electron temperature

T

e

remains just under 5 eV. Scans around the parameter space reveal that even at densities lower than in the primary operating scenario,

P

SOL

can be increased up to 50 MW, so long as a slightly higher fraction of extrinsic radiator is used. With less than 1% neon (Ne) impurity content, the divertor still experiences less than 10 MW m−2 at the outer target. Design of the plasma-facing components includes a close-fitting vacuum vessel with a tungsten inner surface as well as FLiBe-carrying cooling channels fashioned into the VV wall directly behind the divertor targets. For the seeded heat flux profile, Ansys Fluent heat transfer simulations estimate that the outer target temperature remains at just below 1550 ∘C. Initial scoping of advanced divertor designs shows that for an X-divertor, detachment of the outer target becomes much simpler, and plasma fluxes to the targets drop considerably with only 0.01% Ne content.
Adaptive control of an amplified piezoelectric-driven micropositioning stage based on notch filter structure inspiration and neural network online tuning
Authors: Wang Wenwen , Lai Leijie , Zhu Limin
Published: October 2024

Piezoelectric-driven flexure micro/nanopositioning stages often exhibit a low-damping resonance mode, which can easily excite mechanical resonance during high-speed movement, and significantly impact the control system’s stability, control bandwidth, and trajectory tracking accuracy. To mitigate the reliance on the precise modeling of stage dynamics inherent in current resonant controllers, an adaptive control method based on a back propagation (BP) neural network was designed to suppress resonance in real-time. First, a piezoelectric-driven flexure micro/nanopositioning stage system was constructed. Next, a feedback controller similar to a notch filter was designed, with bilinear transformation applied based on the system’s inherent parameters to determine the initial values. Finally, the designed adaptive control method was tested through trajectory tracking experiments using a triangular wave signal. The experimental results showed that, when tracking the triangular wave signal, the maximum tracking error was reduced by 74.62% compared to proportional-integral (PI) control alone and by 69.91% compared to proportional integral control combined with a traditional notch filter. The tracking results demonstrate a significant improvement in the stage’s stability and tracking accuracy.
Breit interaction overtaking Coulomb force at low energies: an unexpectedly efficient mechanism for ionization in slow collisions
Authors: Jacob A , Müller C , Voitkiv A B
Published: October 2024

It is generally assumed that ionization in slow collisions of light atomic particles, whose constituents (electrons and nuclei) move with velocities orders of magnitude smaller than the speed of light, is driven solely by the Coulomb force. Here we show, however, that the Breit interaction—a relativistic correction to the Coulomb interaction between electrons—can become the main actor when the colliding system couples resonantly to the quantum radiation field. Our results demonstrate that this ionization mechanism can be very efficient in various not too dense physical environments, including stellar plasmas and atomic beams propagating in gases.
Revealing symmetries in quantum computing for many-body systems
Authors: Leeuwen Robert van
Published: October 2024

We develop a method to deduce the symmetry properties of many-body Hamiltonians when they are prepared in Jordan–Wigner form in which they can act on multi-qubit states. Symmetries, such as point-group symmetries in molecules, are apparent in the standard second quantized form of the Hamiltonian. They are, however, masked when the Hamiltonian is translated into a Pauli matrix representation required for its operation on qubits. To reveal these symmetries we prove a general theorem that provides a straightforward method to calculate the transformation of Pauli tensor strings under symmetry operations. They are a subgroup of the Clifford group transformations and induce a corresponding group representation inside the symplectic matrices. We finally give a simplified derivation of an affine qubit encoding scheme which allows for the removal of qubits due to Boolean symmetries and thus reduces effort in quantum computations for many-body systems.
The poisson property of extreme events in optics
Authors: Zheltikov A M
Published: October 2024

Statistics of extreme events in optics, defined as above-threshold counts of an optical signal, is shown to converge, in the large-sample-size limit, to a generalized Poisson distribution whose mean is found via the exponent of the respective extreme-value distribution. Specifically, extreme-event readouts from polynomial and exponential optical nonlinearities are shown to converge in their statistics to Poisson distributions whose means are, respectively, exponential and slower-than-exponential functions of the extreme-event-counter threshold. Extreme-event counts of a phase readout, on the other hand, converge to a Poisson process whose mean is a light-tailed function of the threshold. The Poisson-limit property of extreme events in optics suggests a powerful resource for a unified treatment of a vast variety of extreme-event phenomena, ranging from optical rogue waves to laser-induced damage.
Thin film development on a double layer of fluids over a stretching sheet
Authors: Satheesh Aswathy , Panda Satyananda
Published: October 2024

This research investigates two layers of immiscible fluids over a stretching sheet, where the primary layer is a Newtonian fluid and the secondary layer is a non-Newtonian second-grade fluid. The governing equations describing the flow are the two-dimensional mass and momentum equations supported by the interface and boundary conditions. The small aspect ratio of the fluid domain allows the application of long-wave theory and thereby two partial differential equations for the dynamics of thin liquid film for each layer are obtained. The coupled partial differential equations thus obtained are solved numerically by the finite volume approach where the spatial derivatives are approximated using the upwind difference scheme and the time derivatives are by forward difference. The study focuses on analyzing the impact of fluid processing parameters like Reynolds number, viscosity ratio, non-Newtonian parameter, and surface tension on the flow dynamics. The study reveals that the non-Newtonian parameter delays the thinning effect of the fluids across the fluid layers and may have possible applications in coating technologies, biomedical devices, and advanced manufacturing.
A new chemical networked system: spatial-temporal evolution and control
Authors: Li Hua , Xiao Min , Wang Zhengxin , Xu Fengyu , Wang Zhen , Zheng Weixing , Rutkowski Leszek
Published: October 2024

This paper constructs a scale-free chemical network based on the Gierer-Meinhardt (GM) system and investigates its Turing instability. We establish a fractional-order single-node GM system with delay and design a fractional-order proportional derivative (PD) control strategy for the issue of bifurcation control. Using delay as bifurcation parameter, the existence of Hopf bifurcation is proven, and control over bifurcation threshold points is achieved through a fractional-order PD control strategy. For the scale-free chemical network based on the GM system, we obtain the condition of how the Turing instability occurs. We derive how the number of edges for the new nodes changes the stability of the network-organized system and investigate the relationship between degrees of nodes and eigenvalues of the network matrix. We give the instability condition caused by diffusion in the network-organized system. Finally, the numerical simulations verify analytical results.
Particle size and band gap evaluation of green gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with potential applications
Authors: Kaur Sumanveer , Kaur Ramneek , Gupta Saurabh
Published: October 2024

The present study was aimed towards green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using fungal strain (SGSK-7) with assessment of their size using different techniques viz., x-ray diffractormeter, Dynamic light scattering, Atomic force microscopy, FE-Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The intense characteristic diffraction peaks at angle 2θ (38.13°) presented the crystalline nature of the reduced gold solution and calculation of crystalline size (12 nm) using Scherer’s equation further confirmed synthesis of gold nanoparticles while dynamic light scattering analysis indicated the particle size range of gold nanoparticles between 2 nm to 50 nm. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic (FESEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis of extracellular gold nanoparticles depicts spherical shape of AuNPs of approximately 40 nm. Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy depicted the presence of the gold nanoparticles along with the other biomolecules secreted by fungus which plays vital role in reduction, capping and stabilization of gold nanoparticles. Energy dispersive x-ray, mapping analysis, Zeta potential and UV–vis spectrophotometery analysis further confirmed the presence and stability of gold nanoparticles, respectively. Zeta potential of gold nanoparticles leads to conclude the neutral nature (−10 mV to 10mV) of the particles. The UV–visible spectrophotometeric analysis also confirmed the formation of gold nanoparticles with an absorption peak at 547 nm. On the basis of UV–visible spectra the optical band gap of 2.44 eV is examined. The phylogenetic relatedness of SGSK-7 revealed 99% homology with Aspergillus tamari after sequencing of the ITS region followed by BLAST.
Enhancement of superconducting properties of grown FeTe0.65Se0.35 single crystals through air annealing
Authors: Miglani Shivam Kumar , Varma G D
Published: October 2024

This work investigates the annealing effects on the superconducting properties of FeTe0.65Se0.35 single crystals. We examine the impact of varying annealing times on the magnetotransport, magnetic, and vortex pinning properties of the single crystals. The structural analysis shows the single crystalline growth of crystals along the c-axis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results confirm the presence of iron oxides in the annealed samples. Temperature-dependent resistivity and magnetization measurements confirm the superconductivity in the as-grown and annealed samples. However, the as-grown sample shows a broad superconducting transition and low superconducting volume fraction, but after annealing, significant improvement in both is observed. Moreover, the self-field critical current density at 2 K is enhanced by a factor of ~4.5 for the optimally annealed sample compared to the as-grown sample. Experimental observations have been analyzed with the theoretical models to understand the effects of annealing on the vortex pinning mechanisms. Further, the specific heat study confirms the bulk superconductivity in the annealed sample compared to the as-grown single crystal. Overall, our study indicates that the superconducting properties vary with the annealing time, and the best results are obtained at an optimum annealing time.
Research on Multi cabin Collaborative Assembly Method Based on Multi Agent Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Liu Geng , Liu Songkai , Jinkui Chu
Published: October 2024

In the domain of multi-cabin assembly, the prevailing method entails step-by-step docking assembly, which often leads to the accumulation of errors throughout the assembly process. This paper employs multi-agent reinforcement learning techniques to facilitate collaborative assembly of the lateral force device assembly, thereby enhancing assembly quality. Initially, the assembly process of the final assembly is scrutinized to establish a conducive learning environment. Subsequently, a novel agent configuration is proposed, wherein two agents are deployed to represent a single motion unit. Following this, a diverse range of algorithms is employed to train the model, enabling the selection of the most appropriate algorithm and optimization of pertinent parameters. The resultant multi-agent assembly paths are then generated for comprehensive analysis and comparison. Finally, simulation verification of the paths is conducted, accompanied by an analysis of the assembly-induced stress during the assembly process.
Optimization of impurity removal and purification flux components and their application in the production of A356 aluminum alloy
Authors: Chen Guiqing , Huang Shita , Fu Gaosheng , Wu Jianxin , Chen Ruoyu , Zheng Xiaobin
Published: October 2024

Taking into account the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions of impurity removal and purification, three impurity removal and purification fluxes were designed for comparative experiments. It was found that the impurity and hydrogen removal rates of experimental flux II were the best, with a decrease of 28.1% in micro grain size 28.1 μ m. The spacing between secondary dendrites is significantly reduced. The eutectic silicon phase of the alloy treated with experimental flux II is granular, with small and dispersed inclusions. The fracture structure of the alloy exhibits ductile fracture characteristics, mainly in the form of transgranular microporous aggregation, which helps to improve the plasticity and fatigue resistance of the alloy. The flux purification method, which focuses on impurity removal, can provide a reference for the actual impurity removal in aluminum alloy smelting.
Effect of magnetic field on mechanical properties of K-TIG welded TA2 oil pipeline
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Yaxi , Li Tianlei , Shi Daiyan , Ou-yang Xingyu , Cui Xinyue , Yu Yang
Published: October 2024

In this study, the tensile properties and impact properties of TA2 welded pipes at different temperatures were tested and the microstructural differences between the base metal and the weld were analyzed. The results showed that the yield strength of the welds of both welding processes was higher than that of the base metal and the elongation was more stable. Welds affected by magnetic fields had more stable shrinkage and higher impact toughness. The difference in mechanical properties of the three samples came from the difference in structure. The base metal had a fine equiaxed structure, the ordinary K-TIG welding seam had a thicker Widmanstatten structure, and the magnetic field K-TIG welding seam had a finer Widmanstatten structure.
Numerical simulation and experimental study of laminated incremental forming process
Authors: Xinhai Zhao , Xuemei Liu , Zhiyuan Si , Chao Zheng , Yongchao Tan
Published: October 2024

In order to improve the surface quality of incremental forming parts, this paper is studied. Through numerical simulation, the influence rules of different overlapping materials and overlapping thickness on the forming quality of target parts are obtained, and the optimal forming process parameters are given. Compared with the experimental results, the better forming results were obtained.
Numerical Study on the Coating Uniformity of Slot-Die Head Using FSI Method
Authors: Cao Guoping , Jin Xuejin , Wang Zhaoyu
Published: October 2024

Slot-die coating technology is one of the key processes in the production of lithium batteries. The design of die head, which is the core component of slot-die coating system, affects quality of lithium batteries directly. In this paper, Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) method is employed to evaluate the influence of die head deformation on coating quality. The results demonstrate that the FSI method provides a more accurate assessment of the influence of die head deformation on coating quality parameters compared to conventional methods. Based on this method, a reasonable range of operating pressure is determined for a specific model of coating head.
High power low cross-talk single inductor dual output DC-DC converter for power management in PLL IC
Authors: Zhong Shiguang , Chen Zhijian , Li Bin , Wang Riyan , Wu Xinyi , Lu Difeng , Lin Xiaoling
Published: October 2024

A single inductor dual output DC-DC converter operating in CCM mode is proposed in this paper. Due to the more accuracy and complete small-signal model in Simulink and the dedicatedly designed compensation parameters, the circuit can broaden the load range of the converter through fast response and reduce the cross-talk effects between output branches during load adjustment. The converter is implemented in TSMC 0.18μm 1P6M BCD process with a chip area of 1.7mm*1.8mm. The simulation results show that the converter has a conversion efficiency of 81.3% at a maximum output power of 5W and the cross-regulation of less than 36mV/A at 1A load regulation.
The effect of different subgrid-scale models on the flow field in cyclone separator using large-eddy simulations: A benchmark study
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Kumar Vikash , Jha Kailash , Brar Lakhbir Singh
Published: October 2024

The cyclone separator is extensively utilized across industries to extract solid particles from gas streams. This study is focused on the steady and unsteady simulations of the Stairmand cyclone using large-eddy simulations aiming to assess the performance using different subgrid-scale models viz. standard Smagorinsky (Cs
=1), dynamic Smagorinsky, Wall-Adapting Local Eddy-Viscosity (WALE), Wall-Modeled LES (WMLES), and dynamic kinetic energy models. The velocity profiles within the cyclone separator were analyzed under both steady and unsteady conditions, with reference to the Hoekstra experiment for validation and comparison. Velocity profiles inside the cyclone separator were inadequately predicted by the steady-state simulation, whereas the unsteady-state simulation yielded results more aligned with experimental values. The present study suggests that adopting subgrid-scale LES models such as standard Smagorinsky and WMLES offers a better option for analyzing flow patterns.
Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis for two-dimensional wake transition behind a NACA 0012 airfoil in a soap film
Authors: Wathore Harish , Poddar Kamal , Mandal Alakesh Chandra
Published: October 2024

An experimental study has been conducted to analyze the flow characteristics around a NACA 0012 airfoil in a horizontal soap film tunnel. The investigation involves both the qualitative observations and the quantitative measurements at various angles of attack (0° to 20°) for Reynolds numbers ∼ 3000 and 5000. Flow visualizations were carried out using the interference technique, while particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used for velocity field measurements. The study examines the two-dimensional wake transition of the NACA 0012 airfoil under different Reynolds numbers and angles of attack in a soap film tunnel. Results indicate that changes in the trailing flow within the soap film are primarily influenced by the Reynolds number and angle of attack. The visualization of the flow exposes different states of wakes and their corresponding flow structures. At lower angles of attack α ≤ 6°, vortex shedding occurs in an alternating mode, while at intermediate angles (8° to 16°), the wake widens. The vortices exhibit more chaotic and turbulent behavior at higher angles of attack, i.e., α ≥ 16°. Furthermore, the study indicates that the same wake transition takes place at lower angles of attack as Reynolds numbers rise.
Constitutive modelling for understanding stress-stretch behaviour of Lennard-Jones non-crystalline molecular Solid
Authors: Kumar Raj , Mahata Paritosh
Published: October 2024

Non-crystalline molecular solid materials have many scientific and engineering applications. This study develops a constitutive equation for understanding stress-stretch behaviour of non-crystalline molecular solid using Lennard-Jones (LJ) intermolecular interaction. The strain energy derived from Lennard-Jones interactions between molecules. Based on the excluded volume (spherical volume occupied by the molecules maintaining centre to centre distance with a reference molecule) and density of the molecules, strain energy density is developed. In order to relate the molecular approach with continuum approximation, the excluded volume and density are expressed as a function of strain invariants of right Cauchy-Green deformation tensor. Finally, the constitutive equation in the form of Cauchy stress tensor is developed using the present strain energy density function. The present constitutive model is used to study finite deformations of the molecular solid like uniaxial extension. We compare our theoretical results with the experimental data of flexible polyurethane foams and obtain very good agreements. The current constitutive model can predict the deformation of micro/nano engineering system components.
An Effect of Al on the Properties of ZnIn2Se4 Thin Film
Authors: Mahmood Husham Kamil , Hussein Bushra H.
Published: October 2024

Zinc-indium-selenide ZnIn2Se4 (ZIS) ternary chalcopyrite thin film on glass with a 500 nm thickness was fabricated by using the thermal evaporation system with a pressure of approximately 2.5×10−5 mbar and a deposition rate of 12 Å/s. The effect of aluminum (Al) doping with 0.02 and 0.04 ratios on the structural and optical properties of film was examined. The utilization of X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to showcase the influence of aluminum doping on structural properties. XRD shows that thin ZIS-pure, Al-doped films at RT are polycrystalline with tetragonal structure and preferred (112) orientation. Where the degree of crystallinity is raised. The effect of Al content on surface roughness and average diameter was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), which showed that both surface roughness and average diameter increased with an increasing Al ratio until they reached their maximum values of 12.93 nm and 61.56 nm, respectively. Optical characteristics of ZIS thin film and the impact of aluminum on optical parameters have been investigated, and it was found that the optical energy (

E
g

opt

), absorption coefficient (α), extinction coefficient (k), refractive index (n), both the real (εr) and imaginary (εi) components of the dielectric constant have values of (1.8 eV), (3.11×104 cm−1), (0.111), (2.3), (5.36), and (0.517), respectively, for ZIS thin films at an Al ratio equal to 0.04.
The Impact of Combination Ag: Se Core: Shell Nanoparticles Synthesized by Plasma Jet with Plantago lanceolata on REF Cell Line
Authors: Jabeer Zahraa B , Ardalan Naksheen M
Published: October 2024

The process well-thought-out for isolating new and novel ant-microbial components is though natural sources which is considered the best option. Plantago lanceolata is a medicinal plant that holds several bioactive compounds, containing tannins, phenolic compound, flavonoids and alkaloids. These benefits contain potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial. This study among to synthesize Ag: Se NPs at (125 and 250) μg mL−1 concentrations in ratio (0:10, 1:9, 2:8, 3:7) respectively. Characterization of the produced silver nanoparticles involved UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Cytotoxicity against normal cells line (REF) were assessed using several diluted concentrations, Ag: Se NPs (25, 50, and 100%) and concentrations of P. lanceolata (125 and 250) μg mL−1. The optimal XRD pattern and UV-visible were attained at a ratio (3:7). At a concentration of 100% Ag: Se NPs at 250 μg mL-1, the most significant cytotoxic on REF cell lines was stated. However, the addition of combined. Ag: Se NPs (125 and 250) μg mL−1 with P. lanceolata (125 and 250) μg mL−1 resulted in reduced cytotoxicity, indicating no synergistic effect at all. In conclusion, this study successfully synthesized Ag: Se NPs and investigating their combined effects with P. lanceolata on REF cell lines.
The structural characteristics of nano-copper thin films produced via laser-assisted electric wire explosion process
Authors: Jumaa Sawsan T , Al Hilli Baha’a A M , Khudia Ausama I
Published: October 2024

Due to the wide range of important applications, the metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have increasing demand, so that many methods and technologies attempted to produce it. The Electric Wire Explosion (EWE) method is the most established method to produce nanometals and metal oxides in the form of either powders or thin films. In this study, copper and copper oxide films were prepared via electric wire explosion method with a developed laser igniting spark gap switch. The Cu thin films were prepared at different explosion voltages (4, 5 and 7kV) and then their structural properties were studied. The results show that the produced copper/copper oxides nanoparticles of thin films increased as the exploding voltage increased. The XRD test shows that the films crystallite size increased as the exploding voltage increased. FE-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images, are shows the decrease of grain size of thin films as the explosion voltage increase.
Eco-friendly nanocomposite particles CuO/Fe2O3 and CuFeO2 as corrosion inhibitors of reinforced steel for concrete
Authors: Mussttaf Doaa J. , Abdul-Hamead Alaa A. , Othman Farhad M.
Published: October 2024

In the last period of scientific research, the application of nanoscale materials had a huge interest in enhancing sustainability and improving the performance of concrete. This paper discusses lots of experimental truths about nanoparticles (CuO, Fe2O3) and nanocomposite particles (CuFeO2 and CuO/Fe2O3), which are manufactured by green chemistry and their effect on concrete. Because of their advanced properties due to containing the two heavy transition metals iron and copper, these particles can It is possible to bring about a wide development in the field of building and construction, and they may finalize more than one function at the same time. The dispersion of nanoparticles (Nps) in concrete mixtures is a key strategy to achieve the tailoring process, which is used to design new materials with specific properties to perform desired functions or applications. In this paper, resistance against chemical corrosion is achieved. These nanocomposites (Ncps)can improve the microstructure, function, and strength. The SEM, physical, mechanical characterization, workability and electrochemical measurements of the concrete based on those Nps. The results discovered that those Nps are corrosion resistant, contributing to decreased failure corrosion problems, which may lead to continuing to work at the same level throughout the years of service. This communication aims to provide a deep comprehension of the role of (Ncps) admixtures in concrete composites. They provide possible methods to enhance their overall characteristics and establish the basis for a more sustainable and long-lasting future in the building field.
On Theoretical Aspect of Photons Emission From Quark-Gluon Interaction Upon Hard Collision
Authors: Jarallah Naz T. , Al-Agealy Hadi J. M. , Noori Rafah Ismael
Published: October 2024

This work applies a quantum chromodynamics theory QCD to photon emission from heavy quark-gluon scattering in the strong interaction quark-gluon to study and calculate photon flow in hard interaction processes. The photon flow from the dense quark-gluon interaction was calculated using critical temperature, quantum chromodynamic coupling and fugacity at chemical potential μq (500 MeV) for the anti-top with gluon interaction in

t
¯

g
→

s
¯

γ

system. The photon flow spectrum in hard collisions is described under the first leading order approximation for QCD theory at finite chemical potential and critical temperature using various photon energy values dependent on the fugacity of quark and gluon. Photon flux calculation provided valuable insights into QGP conditions. The coupling strength αc (T) calculation is a strongly decreasing function of critical temperature ranging 107MeV ≤ Tc ≤ 145MeV and also find appreciable increasing as a result of increasing temperature of system ranging 180MeV ≤ T ≤ 360MeV. The photon flow produced in the

t
¯

g
→

s
¯

γ

system was observed in the low range of photon energy with two critical temperatures. The total photon emission strongly decreases marginally as a function of the increase in photon energy. The photon flow emission was found to have appreciable enhancement at the anti-top quark interaction with gluon and it increases highly as a result of the increased temperature of the system and reaches to maximum near 360 MeV at minimum strength coupling in the energy of the photon 1GeV≤E≤2 GeV.