bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AQP5 complements LGR5 to determine the fates of gastric cancer stem cells through regulating ULK1 ubiquitination
Authors: Zhao Rou , He Baoyu , Bie Qingli , Cao Jinghe , Lu Haoran , Zhang Zhixin , Liang Jing , Wei Li , Xiong Huabao , Zhang Bin
Published: November 2022

Background

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are regarded as the "seed cells" for tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence and drug resistance. However, specific surface markers of CSCs of different origins have not been documented.

Methods

Single-cell sequencing was used to analyze the highly expressed genes in cancer stem cells of gastric cancer patients, and it was verified that AQP5 was specifically highly expressed in gastric cancer stem cells (GC-CSCs) in vivo and in vitro. The effect of AQP5-promoting LGR5 on the malignant biological function of GC-CSCs was investigated. The mechanism by which AQP5 affects GC-CSCs was explored through transcriptome sequencing, proteomic detection, mass spectrometry, etc.

Results

We report the identification and validation of AQP5 as a potentially specific surface marker of GC-CSCs. AQP5 was significantly upregulated in CSCs isolated from gastric cancer patients and in spheroid cells, and AQP5 was coexpressed with the canonical stem marker LGR5. Biologically, AQP5 promoted the sphere formation, proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells in vitro and enhanced tumorigenesis in vivo. Furthermore, AQP5 coordinated with LGR5 and synergistically promoted the tumorigenesis of GC-CSCs. At the mechanistic level, AQP5 activated autophagy by inducing the LC3I/LC3II transformation in GC-CSCs, which was crucial for the biological functions of AQP5. Finally, we demonstrated that AQP5 recruited the E3 ligase TRIM21 to the key autophagy protein ULK1 and induced the K63-mediated ubiquitination of ULK1.

Conclusions

We elucidate a novel surface marker, AQP5, which is specifically expressed by GC-CSCs. Furthermore, our study creates a link between AQP5 and LGR5 and highlights the necessity of targeting both surface markers simultaneously as a promising approach for the treatment of gastric cancer patients.
Dual-labeled nanoparticles based on small extracellular vesicles for tumor detection
Authors: Santos-Coquillat Ana , Herreros-Pérez Desiré , Samaniego Rafael , González María Isabel , Cussó Lorena , Desco Manuel , Salinas Beatriz
Published: November 2022

Background

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are emerging natural nanoplatforms in cancer diagnosis and therapy, through the incorporation of signal components or drugs in their structure. However, for their translation into the clinical field, there is still a lack of tools that enable a deeper understanding of their in vivo pharmacokinetics or their interactions with the cells of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we have designed a dual-sEV probe based on radioactive and fluorescent labeling of goat milk sEVs.

Results

The imaging nanoprobe was tested in vitro and in vivo in a model of glioblastoma. In vitro assessment of the uptake of the dual probe in different cell populations (RAW 264.7, U87, and HeLa) by optical and nuclear techniques (gamma counter, confocal imaging, and flow cytometry) revealed the highest uptake in inflammatory cells (RAW 264.7), followed by glioblastoma U87 cells. In vivo evaluation of the pharmacokinetic properties of nanoparticles confirmed a blood circulation time of ~ 8 h and primarily hepatobiliary elimination. The diagnostic capability of the dual nanoprobe was confirmed in vivo in a glioblastoma xenograft model, which showed intense in vivo uptake of the SEV-based probe in tumor tissue. Histological assessment by confocal imaging enabled quantification of tumor populations and confirmed uptake in tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages, followed by cancer-associated fibroblasts and endothelial cells.

Conclusions

We have developed a chemical approach for dual radioactive and fluorescent labeling of sEVs. This methodology enables in vivo and in vitro study of these vesicles after exogenous administration. The dual nanoprobe would be a promising technology for cancer diagnosis and a powerful tool for studying the biological behavior of these nanosystems for use in drug delivery.

Graphical Abstract
Prevalence of selected sexually transmitted infectious agents in a cohort of asymptomatic soldiers in Austria
Authors: Lesiak-Markowicz Iwona , Tscherwizek Claudia , Pöppl Wolfgang , Mooseder Gerhard , Walochnik Julia , Fürnkranz Ursula
Published: November 2022

Background

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than one million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired every day worldwide. Although STIs may be asymptomatic in many cases, they can cause severe symptoms and can also lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and both male and female infertility. Asymptomatic carriers seem to play an important role in terms of the distribution of STIs; however, studies revealing the prevalence of STIs in asymptomatic individuals are rare.

Methods

In the current study, 654 leftovers of standard urine samples from healthy, asymptomatic Austrian soldiers were investigated for the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, and genital mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, and Candidatus Mycoplasma girerdii) by specific PCRs.

Results

We detected T. vaginalis, M. hominis, U. urealyticum, U. parvum, and C. trachomatis in the investigated samples with prevalence of 7.6%, 4%, 2.4%, 5.4%, and 3.2%, respectively; neither M. genitalium nor Ca. Mycoplasma girerdii was found in our sample collection.

Conclusions

Our study introduces data on STIs of a mainly male cohort, which are scarce because most of the available information on sexually transmitted infectious agents arises from fertility clinics (mainly women) or symptomatic patients.

Graphical abstract
Thelazia lacrymalis in horses from Romania: epidemiology, morphology and phylogenetic analysis
Authors: Cotuțiu Vlad-Dan , Ionică Angela Monica , Lefkaditis Menelaos , Cazan Cristina Daniela , Hașaș Alina Diana , Mihalca Andrei Daniel
Published: November 2022

Background

Equine thelaziosis is a neglected vector-borne parasitic disease in modern veterinary medicine, lacking recent reports. It is transmitted by Musca autumnalis, and potentially other Muscidae species, by ingesting the lachrymal secretions of its equine host. The distribution of both Thelazia lacrymalis and its intermediate hosts remains largely unknown throughout Europe, with most studies dating back 20 years. The aim of this study was to assess the presence, prevalence and distribution of T. lacrymalis in horses from Romania.

Methods

The eyes of 273 horses, slaughtered at two abattoirs from the Northwestern and Western regions of Romania, were examined for the presence of T. lacrymalis between March and November 2021. Upon detection, the nematodes were collected and morphologically identified using the keys from literature. Following identification, one specimen from each animal was selected for molecular analysis while the rest underwent detailed morphometric measurements. Mapping and distribution, according to ecoregions, was done using the QGis 3.20 software, while sequences obtained were compared to those available in GenBank through BLAST analysis using the MEGA X software.

Results

Of the 273 animals sampled, 12 (4.39%) were positive for Thelazia spp. infection. Eighty-seven nematodes were recovered, all morphologically identified as T. lacrymalis. The intensity of infestation varied between one and 33 nematodes/animal while five animals presented a bilateral infestation and seven a unilateral one. The highest prevalence was encountered in Pannonian ecoregion (12.12%) while the lowest was in the Alpine ecoregion (0%). Seventy-five intact specimens underwent detailed morphometric analysis, of the 18–20 parameters, resulting in notable differences in striation lengths compared to the data available in other reports. BLAST analysis identified a 96.46–98.60% similarity to the only other COI gene sequence available for T. lacrymalis.

Conclusions

The current study represents the first report of T. lacrymalis in horses in Romania. The low prevalence rates are probably linked to the wide use of macrocyclic lactones.

Graphic Abstract
Early gastric mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine neoplasms with endoscopic findings of neuroendocrine cell carcinoma components exposed on the mucosal surface: a case report
Authors: Ito Yohei , Kimoto Yoshiaki , Sawada Rikimaru , Nagae Shinya , Furuta Koichi , Takeuchi Nao , Takayanagi Shunya , Kano Yuki , Ishii Rindo , Sakuno Takashi , Ono Kohei , Negishi Ryoju , Minato Yohei , Muramoto Takashi , Ohata Ken
Published: November 2022

Background

Gastric mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine neoplasms are rare malignant tumors. The lack of specific findings makes it difficult to diagnose endoscopically. We report the case of early gastric mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine neoplasms treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Case presentation

An 81-year-old Japanese female underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy for screening and was treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection for the diagnosis of early gastric cancer. Histopathologically, the lesion was diagnosed as mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (tubular adenocarcinoma 2 60%, endocrine cell carcinoma 40%), pT1b(submucosa (SM) 900 μm), pUL(−), Ly(+), v(−), pHM0, pVM0. After additional surgical resection without adjuvant chemotherapy, she has had no recurrences or metastases for 3 years.

Conclusions

Comparing narrow-band imaging magnified endoscopic findings with pathological findings, the depressed area with a lack of surface structure was consistent with the neuroendocrine cell carcinoma component, while narrow-band imaging magnification findings showed non-network vessels. In this case, we examined endoscopic findings of early stage mixed neuroendocrine—non-neuroendocrine neoplasms in detail and compared it with the pathological findings. We believe that these endoscopic findings contribute to the diagnosis of mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine neoplasms and can lead to its early detection.
Construction of a 10-gene prognostic score model of predicting recurrence for laryngeal cancer
Authors: Liu Yanan , Gao Zhiguang , Peng Cheng , Jiang Xingli
Published: November 2022

We constructed a prognostic score (PS) model to predict the recurrence risk in patients previously diagnosed with laryngeal cancer (LC). Here the training dataset, consisting of 82 LC samples, was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The PS model then divided the LC samples into high- and low-risk groups, which predicted well the survival time of LC in three datasets (TCGA dataset: AUC = 0.899; GSE27020: AUC = 0.719; and GSE25727: AUC = 0.662). Therefore, the PS model based on the 10 genes and its nomogram is proposed to help predict the recurrence risk in patients with LC.
Human targeted phenobarbital presents a poor substrate of gut microbiome deciphering new drug targets beyond pharmacokinetic curbs
Authors: Mukhtar Imran , Anwar Haseeb , Iftikhar Arslan , Hashem Heba E. , Ali Qasim , Siddique Farhan
Published: November 2022

Background

The gut microbiome, a new organ of the body, can potentially alter the pharmacokinetics of orally administered drugs through microbial enzymes. However, absorption of orally administered non-antibiotic drugs by the gut microbiome, during drug-microbiome interaction, is barely addressed. Structural homology studies confirm similar membrane transport proteins in gut epithelial cells and the gut microbiome of the host that may compete for drug substrates with the host itself for its absorbance. Therefore, it is hypothesized that orally administered human targeted phenobarbital may interact and/or be uptake by the gut microbiome during its transit through the small intestine.

Methods

In the current in vivo study, thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups including one control and 5 treatment groups, each having an equal number of rats (n = 6). Phenobarbital was administered orally (single dose of 15 mg/kg bw) to treatment groups. Animals were subsequently sacrificed to harvest microbial mass pallets residing in the small intestine after 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h of phenobarbital administration. Phenobarbital absorbance by the microbiome in the microbial lysate was estimated through RP-HPLC–UV at a wavelength of 207 nm.

Results

Maximum phenobarbital absorbance (149.0 ± 5.93 µg) and drug absorbance per milligram of microbial mass (1.19 ± 0.05 µg) were found significantly higher at 4 h of post-administration in comparison to other groups. Percent dose recovery of phenobarbital was 5.73 ± 0.19% at 4 h while the maximum intestinal transit time was 5 h till the drug was absorbed by the microbes. Such results pronounce the idea of the existence of structural homology between membrane transporters of the gut microbiome and intestinal enterocytes of the host that may competitively absorb orally administered phenobarbital during transit in the small intestine. The docking studies revealed that the phenobarbital is a poor substrate for the gut microbiome.

Conclusion

Gut microbiome may competitively absorb the non-antibiotics such as phenobarbital as novel substrates due to the presence of structurally homologous transporting proteins as in enterocytes. This phenomenon suggests the microbiome as a potential candidate that can significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs.
Spatial analysis of provincial and district trends in stunting among children under five years in Nepal from 2001 to 2016
Authors: Nepali Sajama , Simkhada Padam , Thapa Balaram
Published: November 2022

Background

The average prevalence of stunting reported by the Nepal Demographic Health Survey from 2001 to 2016 only reports the prevalence of stunting at the national level and provincial and district level information is missing. Also, no previous study has reported a provincial trend in stunting from 2001 to 2016 in Nepal. This study for the first time presents the spatial trend of stunting among children under five years for 7 provinces and 77 districts of Nepal over 15 years using Demographic Health Survey Global Positioning System coordinates, Demographic Health Survey indicators, and geospatial covariates.

Methods

This is a secondary analysis of data from Nepal Demographic Health Survey from 2001 to 2016. The study population was children under five years. The outcome variable was stunting, which was analyzed as per districts and provinces. Sample weight was applied to calculate the percentage of stunting and 95% confidence interval for all survey years. The geographic dataset was used to provide information about the latitude and longitude of the survey cluster. Poisson-based model was used during the purely spatial analysis in SatScan for identification of clusters with stunting caseload.

Results

The reduction in the prevalence of stunting among children under five years has not been equal when disaggregated for district and provincial level data. In 2001, 57 districts had a prevalence of stunting among children above or equal to 50%, which has reduced over time except for districts in Karnali province. In 2016, 16 districts had a prevalence of stunting above or equal to 50%. Jumla (91.7%) and Kalikot (77.8%) still had the highest prevalence of stunting as of 2001. Among 7 provinces, the prevalence of stunting is found highest in Karnali for all subsequent survey years. Sudurpaschim and Madhesh provinces also had a high proportion of stunted children. The highest reduction in the prevalence of stunting was noted for Province Bagmati (by 30%) and Gandaki (by 28%).

Conclusion

The inequalities in childhood stunting persisted at the district and provincial levels although a good decline was noted at the national level. This calls for rigorous attention to be provided to districts and provinces with a high prevalence of stunting, and being prioritized for a targeted intervention.
Evaluation of nutrients in bread: a systematic review
Authors: Aghalari Zahra , Dahms Hans-Uwe , Sillanpää Mika
Published: November 2022

Background

A balanced and optimized amount of nutrients in bread, which is the main food in many countries, is necessary to maintain human health. Considering the importance of nutritional values of bread in the food basket of Iranian households, the purpose of this study was to determine the nutrients and their concentrations in breads consumed in Iran.

Methods

This systematic review study was performed to determine the types of nutrients in breads consumed in Iran by searching reputable international databases including Scopus and Google scholar, PubMed, Science direct, ISI (Web of Science). Data were collected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and by searching for relevant keywords, emphasizing the types of nutrients in breads consumed in Iran. Qualitative data were collected using the standard PRISMA checklist (preferential reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis). After verifying the quality of the articles, the information was entered into a checklist such as the name of the first author and year of publication of the research, type of study, number of samples, type of nutrition, type of bread and amount of nutrition measured.

Results

After reviewing the information and quality of articles, 10 articles were qualified for systematic review. The review of the articles showed that different breads were experimented, including: Sangak, Barbari, Taftoon, Lavash, French and local bread. The highest number of experimented bread samples was Sangak. Examination of the articles showed that 6 nutrients were experimented in different breads such as Fe, K, Mg, Ca, Cu and Zn. The highest number of experimented in breads was related to the amount of Zn (13 times) and Cu (10 times), respectively. The results of quality assessment of articles showed that most of the studies were of good quality. The results of articles on the amount of nutrients measured in different breads showed that only in two articles the amount of nutrients was reported to be desirable. In most articles, the amount of nutrients in breads was reported to be lower or higher than standard.

Conclusion

The results of this study showed that the concentration of nutrients in most articles was undesirable. It is suggested that optimal methods of enrichment of breads and flours be done with interdisciplinary cooperation between food hygiene, environmental health, nutrition, farmers and bakers. It is recommended that food hygiene and environmental health researchers investigate other nutrients (including phosphorus, selenium, manganese, boron and molybdenum) in breads and other staple foods used by people to constructive and practical measures to increase public health.
Domestic violence against women during coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown in Egypt: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Elsaid Noha M. Abu Bakr , Shehata Shaimaa A. , Sayed Haydy Hassan , Mohammed Heba Saber , Abdel-Fatah Zeinab F.
Published: November 2022

Background

While it is necessary to limit the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, efforts including social isolation, restricted travel, and school closures are anticipated to raise the probability of domestic violence (DV). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, pattern, risk factors, and physical health outcomes of domestic violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenient sample. The data collection tool was based on Sect. 11 of the Egyptian Demographic Health Survey, 2014, which is designed to measure domestic violence. We used a Google form-designed questionnaire and distributed the link to social media platforms from May 2020 to June 2020 till the collection of the required sample of 388 completed questionnaires.

Results

The prevalence of every form of DV was 31%. Emotional violence was the most prevalent (43.5%) followed by physical (38.9%) and sexual violence (17.5%). About 10.5% of women reported suffering from all types of violence. The husband was the most common perpetrator of DV. The determinants of ever experiencing any form of DV were low education level of women (OR = 7.3, 95% CI 2.8–18.8), unemployment (OR = 2.31, 95% CI 4–3.5), husband’s use of alcohol or substance (OR = 14.4, 95% CI 4.1–50.2), and insufficient income (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 2–3.2). The most common health consequences of DV were injuries such as cuts, bruises, and aches.

Conclusions

The prevalence of ever experiencing any form of DV was 31% which is considered high. Emotional violence was the most common whereas sexual violence was the least common. Identifying the risk factors of DV would support the development and implementation of preventive and screening programs for early identification and offering social support to the victims. Policies should be adopted for the early detection and protection of women suffering from violent behaviors. Access to adequate prompt support and health-care services is crucial in order to decrease the consequences of violence. It is necessary to implement alcohol or drug abuse interventions, preventive measures, and screening programs in families to reduce DV.
Care Fragmentation, Faulty Communication, and Documentation Lapses Derail a Treatment Plan
Authors: Roberts Thomas J. , Bailey Alexandra S. , Tahir Naeem , Jacobson Joseph O.
Published: November 2022

This is the second Cancer Morbidity, Mortality, and Improvement Rounds, a series of articles intended to explore the unique safety risks experienced by oncology patients through the lens of quality improvement, systems and human factors engineering, and cognitive psychology. This case describes the care of a patient who was diagnosed with locally advanced lung cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic; it highlights how gaps in communication and care coordination caused the patient to receive care that did not reflect the consensus of his multidisciplinary team. The discussion highlights the importance of multidisciplinary care, particularly for patients with stage III non–small-cell lung cancer, discusses factors that led to communication gaps, and examines how we should assign accountability across dispersed health care systems.

Cancer Morbidity, Mortality, and Improvement Rounds is a series of articles intended to explore the unique safety risks experienced by oncology patients through the lens of quality improvement, systems and human factors engineering, and cognitive psychology. For purposes of clarity, each case focuses on a single theme, although, as is true for all medical incidents, there are almost always multiple, overlapping, contributing factors. The quality improvement paradigm used here, which focuses on root cause analyses and opportunities to improve care delivery systems, was previously outlined in this journal.
Resolving morphogenesis into quantifiable cell behaviours
Authors: Green Jeremy B. A.
Published: November 2022

Morphogenesis is extremely diverse, but its systematic quantification to determine the physical mechanisms that produce different phenotypes is possible by quantifying the underlying cell behaviours. These are limited and definable: they consist of cell proliferation, orientation of cell division, cell rearrangement, directional matrix production, cell addition/subtraction and cell size/shape change. Although minor variations in these categories are possible, in sum they capture all possible morphogenetic behaviours. This article summarises these processes, discusses their measurement, and highlights some salient examples.
Changes in Walking Biomechanics after a 30-Min Exercise Bout in Sedentary Compared with Active Young Women
Authors: HAWKINS JILLIAN L. , WILLIAMS GLENN N. , MILNER CLARE E.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common overuse injury associated with physical activity, including walking. The risk for PFP may increase if walking biomechanics change during a bout of walking. Because walking for exercise is often recommended to previously sedentary adults, this would be a cause for concern. The purpose of this study was to determine any differences in walking biomechanics associated with PFP between sedentary and active young women initially and after 30 min of walking for exercise.

Methods

Fifteen sedentary and 15 active young women walked overground for five trials of three-dimensional gait analysis before and after a 30-min treadmill walk. Peak knee flexion angle and extensor moment were compared between groups and before and after the 30-min walk.

Results

Comparing groups at baseline, peak knee flexion angle and peak knee extensor moment were not statistically significantly different between groups. After the 30-min walk, peak knee flexion angle and extensor moment increased slightly in both groups.

Conclusions

Smaller, not larger, peak knee flexion angle and extensor moment during walking have been associated with increased risk of PFP. Therefore, sedentary and active young women can walk for 30 min without further detrimental changes to walking biomechanics that may increase their risk of PFP.
Influence of drought stress and N addition on the gas exchange, biochemical and growth traits in Quercus ithaburensis
Authors: Bayar Esra
Published: November 2022

Forest tree species are likely to be affected by drought due to global climate change. Drought and nitrogen (N) affect plant growth. Therefore, we should understand the mechanisms underlying the N availability and species response to drought for plant development. This paper had two objectives. First, it determined the effects of N addition on water potential, gas exchange parameters, soluble sugar and photosynthetic pigment content, leaf N concentration, and growth parameters under drought stress and well-watered conditions. Second, it searched the drought response of Quercus ithaburensis Decne. subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge&Yaltırık seedlings under N conditions with drought stress. In a greenhouse, one-year-old seedlings were exposed to two drought stress and nitrogen addition and three drought cycles. Drought stress significantly reduced stem water potential, relative water content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf area, root collar diameter, seedling height, shoot and root dry weight. On the other hand, it increased water use efficiency and soluble sugar content. N addition is effective on soluble sugar content and photosynthetic pigment content, and promoted leaf N concentra­tions. Nitrogen addition under well-watered conditions stimulated the growth of Q. ithaburensis seedlings. Drought stress changed the physiological response of Q. ithaburensis seedlings (decreased water potential, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate) in the short term, although nitrogen addition under drought stress has not changed the decreasing trend overall.
YIELD STRUCTURE AND GRAIN QUALITY OF SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES OF ALTAI AND FOREIGN SELECTION (TYUMENTSEVSKY DISTRICT, ALTAI KRAI)
Authors: Belyaev Vladimir I. , Rudev Nikolai V. , Sokolova Liudmila V.
Published: November 2022

Wheat is one of the three major agricultural crops worldwide. The yield of any agricultural crop, including spring soft wheat, largely depends on compliance with regional requirements during its cultivation, while variety is one of the decisive factors. The current research aims to identify the difference in the yield structure and grain quality of spring wheat varieties of Altai and foreign selection for the Tyumentsevsky district (Altai Krai) for the first time.

The tasks are as follows: (1) to analyze the growing season weather conditions, (2) to compare the yield, yield structure elements, and indicators of grain quality, and (3) to find the best variety of spring soft wheat. Sampling during the experiment and processing of the results was carried out in accordance with standard methods. There was a difference in the yield structure and grain quality of spring wheat varieties of Altai and foreign selection in the Tyumentsevsky district of Altai Krai. The 2020 growing season was extreme, with droughts, higher temperatures, and precipitation lower than in multiannual terms.

A comparison of varieties has shown the highest yield variability. The highest amount of grains (21.1 c/ha) was received by Variant 2 – Altayskaya 75 (elite seeds). The research results have shown that it is best to use the varieties of local selection to obtain the maximum yield of spring soft wheat in the conditions of the Tyumentsevsky district of Altai Krai.
Transformation of traditional agriculture as a condition for strengthening the food security of Russian regions
Authors: Ergunova O. , P'yankova S. , Mitrofanova I.
Published: November 2022

In conditions of economic security and geopolitical turbulence, the expected need for food and the expected need of the population for food. The authors of the study dealing with digitalization in agriculture proposed as a solution, which made it possible to solve the problem of import substitution and increase the efficiency of the agro-industrial complex of the regions of the Russian Federation using new technologies and new approaches to the participation of market participants. Despite the positive correlation that exists between agricultural production and food demand in the regions of the Russian Federation, food systems cover. The article is devoted to the history of domestic and foreign experience in the formation of “Agriculture 4.0” in the regions of Russia to ensure a technological breakthrough, as well as an important problem and prospects for the development of digitalization of the heritage of the agro-industrial complex. In the study, the authors identified the prerequisites for the formation and development of a “smart developed economy” in the regions of the Russian Federation in the conditions of the agro-food revolution 4.0 in the Russian Federation and in the world, which is primarily associated with global climate problems, a shortage of agricultural products and minor urbanization processes, as well as rapid population growth while scooping. resources.
The problem of income distribution between labor and capital
Authors: Basovskaya Elena , Basovskiy Leonid
Published: November 2022

The work is devoted to an attempt to quantify the trends in the distribution of income between labor and capital in the modern world. The work used UN data on a set of European countries, countries of the post-Soviet space, Israel, Canada, the USA and Turkey. To assess trends in the distribution of income between labor and capital, linear econometric models built for the dependence of the share of the labor force in GDP on the per capita GDP for each year from 2007 to 2019. The results of modeling the de-pendence of the share of the labor force in GDP on the value of per capita GDP made it possible to establish that the level of explaining the share of the labor force in GDP by the value of per capita GDP is small does not exceed 30%. The relationship between the share of the labor force in GDP and the value of per capita GDP is weakening, the im-pact of per capita GDP on the share of wages in GDP in the modern world is declining obliquely and it can expected that in the short term this influence will cease to be signif-icant.
The Czechoslovak Librarianship 1945-1959
Authors: Brozovska Onderkova Jana
Published: November 2022

The article focuses on the transformation of the role of public libraries in Czechoslovakia in the 1950s in dependence on the political development of the country. It describes the changes of educational goals of Czechoslovak librarianship in the reporting period and methods used in educational activities.
In the period after the end of WWII, Czechoslovak librarianship continued its development, especially in the legislative area, on the foundations built during the 1918–1938 period. Even in the post-war period, the General Public Libraries Act remained in force and there was a coordination center for educational activities which after the end of the war adopted its original name - Masaryk Institute of Adult Education.
However, after 1945, training and public librarianship were in a completely different social and political situation. The field of adult education and the public librarianship remained priority areas of interest for political representation and individual political parties that operated in post-war Czechoslovakia. The political representation of post-war Czechoslovakia cooperated intensively with the USSR, and the left-wing ideas had very strong position in the political and public life of the state. In the first part of the article, we study the efforts of the communists in the period 1945–1948 to control the public libraries, which were one of the most important elements of the educational system and were of importance, especially in the rural environment. The second part of the article focuses on the period 1948–1959. It shows the development in the field of legislation and on the examples of the activities of public libraries, it shows how they concentrated on their main task, i.e., how they worked with the reader.
Zastosowanie arystotelesowskiej koncepcji toposu w badaniach wizerunku medialnego liderów politycznych i religijnych – przyczynek do dyskusji
Authors: Leśniczak Rafał
Published: November 2022

Teza/cel: Tekst ma charakter przeglądowy i jest próbą wskazania użyteczności arystotelesowskiej teorii „miejsc” retorycznych w medioznawczych badaniach wizerunku liderów politycznych i religijnych. Uwzględniono podział topoì na naturalne (antropologiczne) i kulturowe (ideologiczne). Pierwsze z nich rozumiane są jako świadomie bądź nieświadomie głęboko zakorzenione we wspólnej ludzkiej naturze, dotyczą zatem wszystkich ludzi. Drugie z kolei badają sposób realizacji ludzkiej natury w przestrzeniach kultury różnych epok historycznych. Tekst jest głosem w dyskusji i próbą udowodnienia, że teorię toposów można uznać za komplementarną wobec teorii framingu w analizie medialnego wizerunku liderów politycznych i religijnych.
Metoda badawcza: W podjętej analizie uwzględniono m.in. kwestie tożsamości, stereotypizacji oraz wybrane wizerunkowe i komunikologiczne wymiary przywództwa politycznego i religijnego. Posłużono się metodą analizy i syntezy. Odwołano się do teoretycznych prac badawczych nad zastosowaniem koncepcji topoì w naukach o komunikacji społecznej i mediach oraz framing analysis takich medioznawców, jak m.in. Norberto Gonzàlez Gaitano, Terézia Rončáková, Piotr Studnicki, Douglas Walton, Chris Reed, Fabrizio Macagno.
Wyniki/Wnioski: Toposy mogą być stosowane zarówno do budowania wizerunku pozytywnego jak i negatywnego liderów politycznych i religijnych. Zastosowanie tych samych struktur argumentacyjnych w tekście daje możliwość spotkania się zwolennikom i przeciwnikom określonych osób bądź instytucji. Toposy mają zastosowanie w budowie klucza kategoryzacyjnego i stanowią istotną pomoc w interpretacji tekstu. Można je uznać za teorię komplementarną wobec framingu w analizie medialnego wizerunku liderów politycznych i religijnych.
Dyspozycje Ludwiki Marii z Rzewuskich Chodkiewiczowej dotyczące dzieci
Authors: Żołądź-Strzelczyk Dorota , Kowalczyk Małgorzata Ewa
Published: November 2022

Artykuł omawia wskazówki dotyczące opieki, edukacji i bezpieczeństwa dzieci napisane przez Ludwikę Marię z Rzewskich Chodkiewiczową. Kierując się macierzyńską troską, oddalona od dzieci spisywała swoje uwagi i zalecenia dla ich opiekunów. Były to wskazówki na czas podróży synów i córki Chodkiewiczowej (1781) dotyczące sposobu i prędkości podróżowania, noclegów, wyżywienia, opieki. Kolejne to zalecenia moralno-obyczajowe (1784) dla pierworodnego syna Wacława, który powrócił do domu po kilkuletnim pobycie na pensji w Warszawie i wreszcie dyspozycje związane z wyjazdem najmłodszego syna, Aleksandra, do Warszawy. Omawiane zalecenia znajdują się w Archiwum Młynowskim Chodkiewiczów.
Observaciones críticas sobre el diseño del sexto libro de la Eneida
Authors: Lastra Antonio
Published: November 2022

Solo con el mayor de los escrúpulos podría señalarse una extraña omisión en el planteamiento del problema central de la relación de la filosofía con la historia, una omisión que se reflejaría en ‘History as a System’ (Historia como sistema) del filósofo español José Ortega y Gasset, un texto que se había publicado antes en alemán con el título ‘Die Lage der Wissenschaft und die historische Vernunft’ (El lugar de la ciencia y la razón histórica’) y que, al publicarse por primera vez en la versión original, en 1941, formaría un libro junto con otro capítulo –evidentemente inacabado– dedicado al Imperio romano. En la relación de la historia como sistema con el Imperio romano, de dos “totalizaciones” –el término de Ortega en España invertebrada para referirse a la agencia romana en la historia– o dos aspiraciones a la totalidad de la vida civilizada, la omisión de Edward Gibbon resulta aún más extraña.
Chairside provisional implant crown construction: a clinical technique
Authors: Jane Rosemarie , Hudson Joshua , Crawford Robert
Published: November 2022

Provisional restorations provide numerous advantages during dental implant treatment including manipulation of the peri-implant soft tissue contour to optimise the aesthetic outcome. Chairside construction expedites this stage of the treatment to a single visit for the benefit and convenience of both the dental practitioner and patient. Additional laboratory costs typically incurred for this stage are also avoided. As the expectations and demands for restorations of implants continue to increase, in terms of time, cost and aesthetic outcome, this chairside approach is an important technique for the armamentarium of a dental implant practitioner.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This chairside technique allows dental implant practitioners to provide aesthetic provisional implant crowns in a single visit.
The management of the migration of maxillary incisors
Authors: Devlin Hugh , Waring David
Published: November 2022

Forward migration of the upper incisors can be very distressing for patients and difficult for the dentist to manage and treat. We summarize the aetiology of this condition in older patients and discuss how this can be managed with a combined orthodontic and restorative approach.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: A combination of orthodontics and restorative dental treatment may be useful in managing migration of the upper maxillary teeth.
Post-dam
Authors: Xavier Andre D , Beddis Hannah
Published: November 2022

The success of an upper complete denture is dependent on various factors, including retention and stability during function, comfort and aesthetics. Physical retention of the denture depends upon adequate extension and fit, along with a good border seal. The border seal of an upper denture relies upon extension of the flanges to the functional depth and width of the sulci, and the post-dam. The post-dam of an upper complete denture is a raised ‘lip’ along the posterior border that becomes embedded into the palatal mucosa. This ‘embedding’ of the border within the mucosa helps to create the seal. This technique tip highlights the location and shape of the post-dam, as well as the clinical stages involved in its construction.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Successful location and application of a post dam will help in retention of an upper complete denture.
The Rooswijk wreck, Goodwin Sands: Examination and analysis of 18th-century glass bottles
Authors: Prus Kamil
Published: November 2022

The #Rooswijk1740 project is funded and led by the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (Ministry of Education, Science and Culture), in collaboration with project partner Historic England and UK-contractor MSDS Marine. The oxide compositions of 17 glass bottles recovered from the Rooswijk, a Dutch East India Company (VOC) Indiaman lost in 1740 on the Goodwin Sands, were determined by micro-x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy paired with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis, focusing on the origins of the bottles. Three of the bottle samples were identified as of probable English origin and part of the same batch. Most of the bottles are probably from continental Europe, with at least two likely to be Dutch, although their precise origins could not be identified conclusively.
Review of the validity of DOPS as an assessment tool for the procedural skills of surgical trainees
Authors: Rela M , Price T
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Surgical trainees at all stages are mandated to use workplace-based assessments (WBAs) to gain feedback from their trainers. Direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) is a tool to assess hands-on surgical skills. This review of the literature seeks to ascertain how valid DOPS are as an assessment tool for the procedural skills of surgical trainees according to the American Psychology Association (APA) validity framework.

Methods

Relevant literature was identified through a structured search of Medline, CINAHL and Web of Science databases, with further papers included on citation review. Following this, papers meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the final review specifying those investigating WBAs including DOPS, assessments in practice rather than simulation and specifically for postgraduate surgical trainees.

Findings

Sixteen papers were included in the final analysis. Extracted data from the returned papers were assessed for evidence of validity in each of the five domains on the APA framework: validity based on consequence, response process, reliability, content and relationship to other variables. There are studies that show good parameters for reliability and validity for specific DOPS used in endoscopy and otolaryngology. However, there is confusion over the purpose of DOPS among trainers and trainees as to whether they should be used formatively or summatively. Recent changes to the surgical curriculum have sought to address this, and further work into the impact of this needs to be done.
Clinical efficacy of the virtual fracture clinic: analysis of 17,269 referrals by type of injury
Authors: Dey S , Mohammed R , Gadde R , Abraham A , Trivedi V , Unnithan A
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Numerous studies have deemed the virtual fracture clinic (VFC) model to be both cost and clinically effective. However, very few of these studies have analysed the type of injuries seen in the VFC. The objectives of this study were to assess the clinical effectiveness of the VFC and analyse the types of injuries that lead to patients re-presenting in the face-to-face fracture clinic after being discharged virtually.

Methods

This is a retrospective study analysing 17,269 patients referred to the VFC between September 2017 and February 2020. Data regarding the type of presenting injury were collected to understand which injuries required further management after being discharged virtually. Patient clinic letters provided data regarding the purpose and outcomes of VFC referrals as well as face-to-face appointments. Theatre lists were cross-referenced to extract data regarding surgical management.

Results

In total, 57.37% (9,908) patients were discharged virtually. Of these patients, 92.52% were discharged successfully and 7.48% re-presented to the fracture clinic: 98.11% were managed conservatively and 1.88% required surgery. The highest number of failed discharges were for distal radius fractures (109, 14.69%). Face-to-face follow-up in fracture clinic was requested for 37.06% (6,400) of patients; 4.98% of them required surgical intervention. Some 5.56% (961) of referrals were removed from our analysis: 807 were inappropriate referrals and 154 were deemed suitable for multidisciplinary team discussion. The trust has saved an average of £702,205 annually since introduction of the VFC.

Conclusions

The VFC model delivers as promised in terms of clinical efficacy and cost management. Injury types showing higher numbers of unsuccessful discharges could benefit from having modified management pathways.
Dyspnoea improves following composite repair of giant paraoesophageal hernia
Authors: Khoma O , Wong NLJ , Mugino M , Khoma MJ , Van der Wall H , Falk GL
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Paraoesophageal hernias (PEH) are often symptomatic and can lead to life-threatening complications such as volvulus and ischaemia. Dyspnoea is one of the most prevalent symptoms of giant hiatus herniae. The primary outcome of this study is resolution of dyspnoea following composite repair of giant paraoesophageal hernia. Secondary outcomes include complications of surgery, hernia recurrence rates and effect of recurrence on dyspnoea.

Methods

Data were extracted from a prospectively maintained single-surgeon database containing records of all patients undergoing composite repair of paraoesophageal hernia. Patients presenting with dyspnoea who underwent composite laparoscopic repair of giant (>30% of stomach above diaphragm) paraoesophageal hernia between March 2009 and December 2015 were included.

Results

Inclusion criteria were met by 154 patients. The mean age at time of surgery was 71.2 years (range 49–93, SD 9.66) with an average BMI of 28 (range 19–38kg/m2, SD 4.1). On average hernia contained 64% of stomach (range 30–100%, SD 20.2). One procedure was converted to laparotomy. Surgery resulted in near complete resolution of dyspnoea (2.6% postoperatively, p<0.001). Recurrence rate was 24% and was not associated with persistent dyspnoea. There was one death and two significant complications.

Conclusion

Dyspnoea resolves following laparoscopic repair of giant paraoesophageal hernia. The presence of dyspnoea in patients with known large paraoesophageal hernia should be regarded as an indication for referral to a surgical service with expertise in hiatal hernia management.
Can virtual reality technology be considered as a part of the surgical care pathway?
Authors: Gendia A , Rehman M , Cota A , Gilbert J , Clark J
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Virtual reality (VR) is emerging as a new technology in the healthcare sector. It has been shown to enhance the patient’s experience and satisfaction in various settings. This review aims to give a brief description of the use of VR and establish validity of its applications to improve the patient’s pathway through surgery.

Methods

A literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Embase™ databases to identify fields in which VR technology has been trialled in relation to surgery. The search terms ‘virtual reality’ and ‘surgery’ were employed.

Results

Although benefits relating to VR use have been identified in mental health, obesity management, and physical and cognitive rehabilitation, those in surgery have been less well documented. There are, however, some important but limited benefits reported in managing surgery related stress and improving preoperative patient education as well as VR being an adjunct to some level of postoperative analgesia.

Conclusions

The current applications of VR in relation to surgical care fall into four main categories: preoperative education, supporting mental health, postoperative pain management, and pre and postoperative patient optimisation. Future studies and validation of VR applications should be carried out so the technology can be utilised throughout the entire patient pathway as VR surgical care bundles.
Generation of volumetrically full Poincaré beams
Authors: Black A. Nicholas , Boyd Robert W.
Published: November 2022

Optical communications, remote sensing, particle trapping, and high-resolution imaging are a few research areas that benefit from new techniques to generate structured light. We present a method of generating polarization-structured laser beams that contain both full and partial polarization states. We demonstrate this method by generating an optical beam that contains every state of partial and full polarization. We refer to this beam as a volumetrically full Poincaré beam to distinguish it from full Poincaré beams, which contain all states of full polarization only. In contrast to methods relying upon spatial coherence to generate polarization-structured beams with partial polarization, our method creates well-collimated beams by relying upon temporal coherence.