bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a virtual data shelf to effectively explore a large database of 3D medical surface models in VR
Authors: Allgaier M. , Spitz L. , Behme D. , Mpotsaris A. , Berg P. , Preim B. , Saalfeld S.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Medical researchers deal with a large amount of patient data to improve future treatment decisions and come up with new hypotheses. To facilitate working with a large database containing many patients and parameters, we propose a virtual data shelf, displaying the 3D anatomical surface models in an immersive VR environment.

Methods

Thereby, different functionalities such as sorting, filtering and finding similar cases are included. To provide an appropriate layout and arrangement of 3D models that optimally supports working with the database, three layouts (flat, curved and spherical) and two distances are evaluated. A broad audience study with 61 participants was conducted to compare the different layouts based on their ease of interaction, to get an overview and to explore single cases. Medical experts additionally evaluated medical use cases.

Results

The study revealed that the flat layout with small distance is significantly faster in providing an overview. Applying the virtual data shelf to the medical use case intracranial aneurysms, qualitative expert feedback with two neuroradiologists and two neurosurgeons was gathered. Most of the surgeons preferred the curved and spherical layouts.

Conclusion

Our tool combines benefits of two data management metaphors, resulting in an efficient way to work with a large database of 3D models in VR. The evaluation gives insight into benefits of layouts as well as possible use cases in medical research.
Habitually Skipping Breakfast Is Associated with the Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancers: Evidence from the Kailuan Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Tong , Wang Yiming , Wang Xiaomeng , Liu Chenan , Zhang Qi , Song Mengmeng , Song Chunhua , Zhang Qingsong , Shi Hanping
Published: March 2023

Background

Habitually skipping breakfast may promote the initiation and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, which have never been systematically explored in large-scale prospective studies.

Methods

We prospectively examined the effects of breakfast frequency on the occurrence of GI cancers among 62,746 participants. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of GI cancers were calculated by Cox regression. The CAUSALMED procedure was used to perform the mediation analyses.

Results

During a median follow-up of 5.61 (5.18 ~ 6.08) years, 369 incident GI cancer cases were identified. Participants who consumed 1–2 times breakfasts per week exhibited an increased risk of stomach (HR = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.06–11.20) and liver cancer (HR = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.22–9.53). Participants who did not eat breakfast had an elevated risk of esophageal (HR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.05–7.03), colorectal (HR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.34–4.01), liver (HR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.23–4.71), gallbladder, and extrahepatic bile duct cancer (HR = 5.43, 95% CI: 1.34–21.93). In the mediation effect analyses, BMI, CRP, and TyG (fasting triglyceride-glucose) index did not mediate the association between breakfast frequency and the risk of GI cancer incidence (all P for mediation effect > 0.05).

Conclusions

Habitually skipping breakfast was associated with a greater risk of GI cancers including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, gallbladder, and extrahepatic bile duct cancer.

Trial Registration

Kailuan study, ChiCTR–TNRC–11001489. Registered 24 August, 2011-Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=8050
Aligning the Global Delta Risk Index with SDG and SFDRR global frameworks to assess risk to socio-ecological systems in river deltas
Authors: Cremin Emilie , O’Connor Jack , Banerjee Sumana , Bui Ly Ha , Chanda Abhra , Hua Hieu Hong , Van Huynh Da , Le Hue , Murshed Sonia Binte , Mashfiqus Salehin , Vu Anh , Sebesvari Zita , Large Andy , Renaud Fabrice G.
Published: March 2023

River deltas globally are highly exposed and vulnerable to natural hazards and are often over-exploited landforms. The Global Delta Risk Index (GDRI) was developed to assess multi-hazard risk in river deltas and support decision-making in risk reduction interventions in delta regions. Disasters have significant impacts on the progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, despite the strong interlinkage between disaster risk reduction and sustainable development, global frameworks are still developed in isolation and actions to address them are delegated to different institutions. Greater alignment between frameworks would both simplify monitoring progress towards disaster risk reduction and sustainable development and increase capacity to address data gaps in relation to indicator-based assessments for both processes. This research aims at aligning the GDRI indicators with the SDGs and the Sendai Framework for Disaster and Risk Reduction (SFDRR). While the GDRI has a modular indicator library, the most relevant indicators for this research were selected through a delta-specific impact chain designed in consultation with experts, communities and stakeholders in three delta regions: the Red River and Mekong deltas in Vietnam and the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna (GBM) delta in Bangladesh and India. We analyse how effectively the 143 indicators for the GDRI match (or not) the SDG and SFDRR global frameworks. We demonstrate the interconnections of the different drivers of risk to better inform risk management and in turn support delta-level interventions towards improved sustainability and resilience of these Asian mega-deltas.
Investigation and Simulation of the Effects of nm-Scale γ′ Precipitates on the Recrystallization of Ni-based Superalloys
Authors: Buerstmayr R. , Theska F. , Kozeschnik E. , Webster R. F. , Lison-Pick M. , Street S. , Primig S.
Published: March 2023

Superalloys are critical materials for the hottest sections of stationary gas turbines and aircraft engines. Homogeneously fine-grained microstructures are essential to unlock their superior high-temperature strength but are challenging to achieve inγ′-containing Ni-based superalloys. Such microstructures are achieved by recrystallization through hot working and grain boundary pinningviaμm-scale second phase particles. Discontinuous dynamic recrystallization is the predominant restoration mechanism, where grain growth is restricted by Zener pinning. Nanometer-scaleγ′ precipitates may exercise similar pinning during the nucleation stage and thus delay recrystallization. While the effects of coarse,μm-scale, precipitates during recrystallization and grain growth are well-known, descriptions for fine coherent precipitates are currently lacking. To address this scarcity of knowledge, bothγ′-rich and -lean microstructures of theγ′-containing Ni-base superalloy René 41 underwent identical uniaxial hot compression tests. Flow stress and microstructural analyses reveal the inhibition of recrystallization by nm-scaleγ′ precipitates during both nucleation and growth stages. This effect is successfully described using thermo-kinetic modeling through application of a driving-force based model. These unique insights provide a novel pathway to unlock homogeneously fine-grained microstructures inγ′-containing Ni-based superalloysviaadvanced thermo-mechanical processing routes, required for applications in future generations of gas turbines and aircraft engines.
Electroceuticals for Neurogastroenterology and Motility Disorders
Authors: Jiang Yan , Soffer Edy
Published: March 2023

Purpose of Review

To provide an updated overview on use of electrostimulation in gastrointestinal motility disorders and obesity, with a focus on gastric electrical stimulation, vagal nerve stimulation and sacral nerve stimulation.

Recent Findings

Recent studies on gastric electrical stimulation for chronic vomiting showed a decrease in frequency of vomiting, but without significant improvement in quality of life. Percutaneous vagal nerve stimulation shows some promise for both symptoms of gastroparesis and IBS. Sacral nerve stimulation does not appear effective for constipation. Studies of electroceuticals for treatment of obesity have quite varied results with less clinical penetrance of the technology.

Results of studies on the efficacy of electroceuticals have been variable depending on pathology but this area remains promising. Improved mechanistic understanding, technology and more controlled trials will be helpful to establish a clearer role for electrostimulation in treatment of various GI disorders.
Serum Parathyroid Hormone and Vitamin D Levels as Predictors of Hypocalcemia after Total/ Near Total Thyroidectomy
Authors: Dugani Priya , Sharma Poorvi V , Krishna Sunil M , Reddy Krishna Kalyan
Published: March 2023

Background: Post-operative Hypocalcaemia is the most-common complication of total and near-total thyroidectomy which is a selective treatment for benign and malignant thyroid diseases. Incidence ranges from 0.5-50%. Objectives: The role of vitamin-D and Parathyroid hormone(PTH) in incidence of Hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy has been taken into consideration. Methods: This is a prospective interventional study is conducted in Kasturba Medical College and hospital, Manipal after taking written informed consent from the participants. It aimed at surveying the serum level of preoperative Vitamin D, PTH and calcium before total-thyroidectomy surgery and its relationship with the incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia after the surgery. The study was done on 70 patients who were-planned for total/near total thyroidectomy. Preoperative Vitamin D, PTH, calcium and Postoperative 4 hours-PTH, Calcium were measured on POD-1, POD-2-4, the results obtained were then analysed. Results: Considering the cut-off of calcium as 8.6mg/dl, 42 patients developed hypocalcemia on POD-1, 28 patients on POD-2. Preoperative calcium and postoperative PTH levels in people having hypocalcaemia where significantly less compared to the patients having normal calcium. 4-hours post-operative PTH measurements showed 51% sensitivity, 100% specificity and strong co-relation between postoperative hypocalcemia and drop in PTH levels- (p=<0.001). Out of 42 patients who developed hypocalcemia 28- (65%) patients had vitamin-D deficiency(p=0.5) on POD-1 and out of 51 patients with hypocalcemia on POD 2-4, 33(78%) had-vitamin-D-deficiency(p=0.3852). Which was not statically significant. Conclusion:4 hours post-operative PTH level is a predictor of early postoperative hypocalcemia, by detecting this we can effectively manage postoperative hypocalcemia
Workers’ whole day workload and next day cognitive performance
Authors: Hernandez Raymond , Jin Haomiao , Pyatak Elizabeth A. , Roll Shawn C. , Schneider Stefan
Published: March 2023

Workload experienced over the whole day, not just work periods, may impact worker cognitive performance. We hypothesized that experiencing greater than typical whole day workload would be associated with lower visual processing speed and lower sustained attention ability, on the next day. To test this, we used dynamic structural equation modeling to analyze data from 56 workers with type 1 diabetes. For a two-week period, on smartphones they answered questions about whole day workload at the end of each day, and completed cognitive tests 5 or 6 times throughout each day. Repeated smartphone cognitive tests were used, instead of traditional one- time cognitive assessment in the laboratory, to increase the ecological validity of the cognitive tests. Examples of reported occupations in our sample included housekeeper, teacher, physician, and cashier. On workdays, the mean number of work hours reported was 6.58 (SD 3.5). At the within-person level, greater whole day workload predicted decreased mean processing speed the next day (standardized estimate=-0.10, 95% CI -0.18 to -0.01) using a random intercept model; the relationship was not significant and only demonstrated a tendency toward the expected effect (standardized estimate= -0.07, 95% CI -0.15 to 0.01) in a model with a random intercept and a random regression slope. Whole day workload was not found to be associated with next-day mean sustained attention ability. Study results suggested that just one day of greater than average workload could impact next day processing speed, but future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to corroborate this finding.
The specific psychosocial modulator factors of emotional adjustment in infertile individuals compared to fertile people
Authors: Antequera-Jurado Rosario , Moreno-Rosset Carmen , Ramírez-Uclés Isabel
Published: March 2023

Certain psychological and social factors modulate emotional adjustment in infertility. The aims of this study were: analyse whether there are sex and group differences (infertile vs. fertile) in emotional adjustment, and personality, dispositional optimism, coping strategies, personal and interpersonal resources; observe the modulating role of these psychosocial variables in the emotional adjustment of infertile individuals compared to fertile ones; and determine if the modulator variables associated with emotional adjustment are specific to infertile people. Method: A cross-sectional study design was used with a sample of 139 heterosexual Spanish participants (84 infertile, 55 fertile). For the data analysis we performed correlations, multiple regression analysis, MANOVAS and ANOVAS. Results: The multivariate and univariate analyses showed that the infertile group exhibited greater emotional maladjustment, more personal resources, lesser degree of confrontive coping, social support seeking, positive reappraisal, and lower marital satisfaction than the fertile group. In addition, women (infertile and fertile) sought more social support seeking and the infertile ones made more use of self-controlling strategies. Multiple regression analyses showed that for all subjects the emotional adjustment was modulated by dispositional optimism and escape/avoidance. For infertile participants, the remaining significant modulating factors were personal resources and marital satisfaction, whereas, for the fertile group, they were openness and interpersonal resources. Conclusion: Infertile women and men showed no differences in emotional maladjustment, but levels were higher than in the fertile group. We found differences between infertile and fertile subjects in terms of modulating variables of emotional adjustment. For infertile participants, the development of personal resources and increased marital satisfaction are particularly important.
Quantification of surface changes and volume losses of selected rock types due to different cleaning processes
Authors: Koch Tobias , Fischer Cornelius , Schad Frank , Siegesmund Siegfried
Published: March 2023

The restorative cleaning of natural stones has a special significance for the preservation of important cultural assets or the slowing of their deterioration. Organisms such as fungi, lichens or mosses, but also emission dirt such as soot soften and otherwise damage both the surface and the internal structure of the building stone. In order to quantify the effects and in particular the abrasiveness of selected cleaning methods, cleaning experiments were carried out on six different naturally and artificially weathered rocks using cold water under high pressure, hot water under high pressure as well as hot-water steam. The types of rocks studied include marble, limestone, granite, sandstone and tuff. Surface changes in roughness and topography were quantified using two surface-sensitive methods: confocal microscopy as well as 3D shadow triangulation. The two high-pressure cleaning methods were found to have a significantly stronger abrasive effect than steam cleaning when the distances were too small. The cleaning performance, which was compared using biologically weathered samples, was lowest for steam cleaning. However, the high temperatures of the steam also permanently eliminate much of the biological matter on and under the surface, as observed in the field test. The results presented should make it possible for the conservator to assess, which cleaning procedures to use for the different rock varieties depending on the degree of weathering.
Physical and chemical effect of impurities in carbon capture, utilisation and storage
Authors: A. Razak Ahmad Amirhilmi , M. Saaid Ismail , Md. Yusof Muhammad Aslam , Husein Norhafizuddin , Zaidin M. Fakrumie , Mohamad Sabil Khalik
Published: March 2023

Deployment of carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) technologies to mitigate climate change and overturn CO2 emissions growth would require transformational changes comprehensively. The primary focus of this manuscript is on the impurities standards and limitation that can ensure project feasibility in the long run. There is a need in the industry for guidance on purity analysis prior to capture, shipment, and storage of carbon dioxide. This is because the cost to capture and separate the stream is proving to be very costly that can make the project to be unfeasible to operate. Following this further, this manuscript discusses the previous research and best practices that establish standards for acceptable impurities that might present in the stream and its effects towards the CCUS system. Consequently, this manuscript also provides better understanding on the impurities effects towards CCUS technology system in general. Understanding these limitations, may provide cost effective solution for CCUS problems that revolves around the impurities in CO2 stream. Impurities can affect some components of the carbon capture and storage process. It is clear that even a little number of impurities can cause the carbon dioxide stream properties to change. There are two primary factors discussed in this manuscript that affect how a CCUS system responds to a CO2 stream that contains impurities: a physical and chemical effects.
Emergency surgery for hiatus hernias: does technique affect outcomes? A single-centre experience
Authors: Alasmar Mohamed , McKechnie Iona , Chaparala Ramakrishna P. C.
Published: March 2023

Background

Emergency surgery for a hiatus hernia is usually a high-risk procedure in acutely unwell patients. Common surgical techniques include reduction of the hernia, cruropexy then either fundoplication or gastropexy with a gastrostomy. This is an observational study in a tertiary referral centre for complicated hiatus hernias to compare recurrence rates between these two techniques.

Methods

Eighty patients are included in this study, from October 2012 to November 2020. This is a retrospective review and analysis of their management and follow-up. Recurrence of the hiatus hernia that mandates surgical repair was the primary outcome of this study. Secondary outcomes include morbidity and mortality.

Results

In total, 38% of the patients included in the study had fundoplication procedures, 53% had gastropexy, 6% had complete or partial resection of the stomach, 3% had fundoplication and gastropexy and one patient had neither (n = 30, 42, 5, 2,1, respectively). Eight patients had symptomatic recurrence of the hernia which required surgical repair. Three of these patients had acute recurrence and 5 after discharge. 50% had undergone fundoplication, 38% underwent gastropexy and 13% underwent a resection (n = 4, 3, 1) (p value = 0.5). 38% of patient had no complications and 30-day mortality was 7.5%

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the largest single centre review of outcomes following emergency hiatus hernia repairs. Our results show that either fundoplication or gastropexy can be used safely to reduce the risk of recurrence in the emergency setting. Therefore, surgical technique can be tailored based on the patient characteristics and surgeon experience, without compromising the risk of recurrence or post-operative complications. Mortality and morbidity rates were in keeping with previous studies, which is lower than historically documented, with respiratory complications most prevalent. This study shows that emergency repair of hiatus hernias is a safe operation which is often a lifesaving procedure in elderly comorbid patients.
Incidence of bloodstream infections due to multidrug-resistant pathogens in ordinary wards and intensive care units before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a real-life, retrospective observational study
Authors: Segala Francesco Vladimiro , Pafundi Pia Clara , Masciocchi Carlotta , Fiori Barbara , Taddei Eleonora , Antenucci Laura , De Angelis Giulia , Guerriero Silvia , Pastorino Roberta , Damiani Andrea , Posteraro Brunella , Sanguinetti Maurizio , De Pascale Gennaro , Fantoni Massimo , Murri Rita
Published: March 2023

Purpose

SARS-COV-2 pandemic led to antibiotic overprescription and unprecedented stress on healthcare systems worldwide. Knowing the comparative incident risk of bloodstream infection due to multidrug-resistant pathogens in COVID ordinary wards and intensive care-units may give insights into the impact of COVID-19 on antimicrobial resistance.

Methods

Single-center observational data extracted from a computerized dataset were used to identify all patients who underwent blood cultures from January 1, 2018 to May 15, 2021. Pathogen-specific incidence rates were compared according to the time of admission, patient’s COVID status and ward type.

Results

Among 14,884 patients for whom at least one blood culture was obtained, a total of 2534 were diagnosed with HA-BSI. Compared to both pre-pandemic and COVID-negative wards, HA-BSI due to S. aureus and Acinetobacter spp. (respectively 0.3 [95% CI 0.21–0.32] and 0.11 [0.08–0.16] new infections per 100 patient-days) showed significantly higher incidence rates, peaking in the COVID-ICU setting. Conversely, E. coli incident risk was 48% lower in COVID-positive vs COVID-negative settings (IRR 0.53 [0.34–0.77]). Among COVID + patients, 48% (n = 38/79) of S. aureus isolates were resistant to methicillin and 40% (n = 10/25) of K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to carbapenems.

Conclusions

The data presented here indicate that the spectrum of pathogens causing BSI in ordinary wards and intensive care units varied during the pandemic, with the greatest shift experienced by COVID-ICUs. Antimicrobial resistance of selected high-priority bacteria was high in COVID positive settings.
Mathematical modeling and solution of nonlinear vibration problem of laminated plates with CNT originating layers interacting with two-parameter elastic foundation
Authors: Avey M. , Kadioglu F. , Ahmetolan S. , Fantuzzi N.
Published: March 2023

Generalizing the first-order shear deformation plate theory (FOPT) proposed by Ambartsumyan (Theory of anisotropic plates, Nauka, Moscow, 1967 (in Russian)) to the heterogeneous laminated nanocomposite plates and the nonlinear vibration problem is analytically solved taking into account an elastic medium in this study for the first time. The Pasternak-type elastic foundation model (PT-EF) is used as the elastic medium model. After creating the mathematical models of laminated rectangular plates with CNT originating layers on the PT-EF, the large amplitude stress–strain relationships and motion equations are derived in the form of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) within FOPT. Then, by applying Galerkin's method to the derived equations, it is reduced to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (NL-ODE) containing the second- and third-order nonlinear terms of the deflection function for laminated rectangular plates composed of nanocomposite layers. The NL-ODE is solved by the semi-inverse method, and the nonlinear frequency–amplitude relationship for the laminated plates consisting of CNT originating layers resting on the PT-EF is established within FOPT for the first time. From these relations, similar relations can be obtained particularly for the unconstrained laminated and monolayer CNT patterns plates. After comparing the accuracy of the obtained formulas with the reliable results in the literature, comprehensive numerical analyses are performed.
Flexible Large-Area Graphene Films of 50–600 nm Thickness with High Carrier Mobility
Authors: Luo Shiyu , Peng Li , Xie Yangsu , Cao Xiaoxue , Wang Xiao , Liu Xiaoting , Chen Tingting , Han Zhanpo , Fan Peidong , Sun Haiyan , Shen Ying , Guo Fan , Xia Yuxing , Li Kaiwen , Ming Xin , Gao Chao
Published: March 2023

Bulk graphene nanofilms feature fast electronic and phonon transport in combination with strong light–matter interaction and thus have great potential for versatile applications, spanning from photonic, electronic, and optoelectronic devices to charge-stripping and electromagnetic shielding, etc. However, large-area flexible close-stacked graphene nanofilms with a wide thickness range have yet to be reported. Here, we report a polyacrylonitrile-assisted ‘substrate replacement’ strategy to fabricate large-area free-standing graphene oxide/polyacrylonitrile nanofilms (lateral size ~ 20 cm). Linear polyacrylonitrile chains-derived nanochannels promote the escape of gases and enable macro-assembled graphene nanofilms (nMAGs) of 50–600 nm thickness following heat treatment at 3,000 °C. The uniform nMAGs exhibit 802–1,540 cm2 V−1 s−1 carrier mobility, 4.3–4.7 ps carrier lifetime, and > 1,581 W m−1 K−1 thermal conductivity (nMAG-assembled 10 µm-thick films, mMAGs). nMAGs are highly flexible and show no structure damage even after 1.0 × 105 cycles of folding–unfolding. Furthermore, nMAGs broaden the detection region of graphene/silicon heterojunction from near-infrared to mid-infrared and demonstrate higher absolute electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness than state-of-the-art EMI materials of the same thickness. These results are expected to lead to the broad applications of such bulk nanofilms, especially as micro/nanoelectronic and optoelectronic platforms.
Vapour polishing of fused deposition modelling (FDM) parts: a critical review of different techniques, and subsequent surface finish and mechanical properties of the post-processed 3D-printed parts
Authors: Mathew Amal , Kishore S. Ram , Tomy Anchil Tona , Sugavaneswaran M. , Scholz Steffen G. , Elkaseer Ahmed , Wilson Vincent H. , John Rajan A.
Published: March 2023

Fused deposition modelling (FDM), one of the most commonly used additive manufacturing techniques in the industry, involves layer-by-layer deposition of melted material to create a 3D structure. The staircase and beading effect caused by the printing process and temperature variation cause delamination and poor surface finish in FDM-printed parts. This hinders the use of these specimens in various applications, which are then usually resolved using pre-processing and post-processing techniques. Higher surface finish in pre-processing is achieved by increasing the resolution, changing layer thickness and optimizing build orientation. However, this increases the processing time considerably. On the other hand, post-processing techniques involve different processes such as mechanical, chemical, thermal and hybrid methods but can affect the mechanical and structural properties of the printed components. This review paper analyses three different aspects in the area of improving the surface finish of FDM-printed parts. First, this article reviews the state-of-the-art attempts made to improve the surface finish of FDM-printed parts concentrated mainly on different vapour polishing techniques and their respective merits and demerits. Second, it focuses on the changes in mechanical properties before and after polishing. Finally, the paper explores the development in the 3D printing of thermosets and composite materials and their post-processing processes and process parameters.
A Companion to Carmen Martín Gaite
Authors: O'Leary Catherine , Ribeiro de Menezes Alison
Published: March 2023

One of Spain's most important twentieth-century women writers.
Damper model identification using mixed physical and machine-learning-based approach
Authors: Zilletti M. , Fosco E.
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the identification of a time domain model of a helicopter main rotor lead-lag damper is discussed. Previous studies have shown that lead-lag dampers have a significant contribution to the overall aircraft dynamics, therefore an accurate damper model is essential to predict complex phenomena such as instabilities, limit cycles, etc. Due to the inherently nonlinear dynamics and the complex internal architecture of these components, the model identification can be a challenging task. In this paper, a hybrid physical/machine-learning-based approach has been used to identify a damper model based on experimental test data. The model, called grey box, consists of a combination of a white box, i.e. a physical model described by differential equations, and a black box, i.e. regression numerical model. The white box approximates the core physical behaviour of the damper while the black box improves the overall accuracy by capturing the complex dynamic not included in the white box. The paper shows that, at room temperature, the grey box is able to predict the damper force when either a multi-frequency harmonic or a random input displacement is imposed. The model is validated up to 20Hz and for the entire damper dynamic stroke.
Participant engagement to develop report-back materials for personal air monitoring
Authors: Ryan Patrick H. , Wolfe Chris , Parsons Allison , Brokamp Cole , Turner Ashley , Haynes Erin
Published: March 2023

Background:

Studies that measure environmental exposures in biological samples frequently provide participants their results. In contrast, studies using personal air monitors do not typically provide participants their monitoring results. The objective of this study was to engage adolescents who completed personal air sampling and their caregivers to develop understandable and actionable report-back documents containing the results of their personal air sampling.

Methods:

Adolescents and their caregivers who previously completed personal air sampling participated in focus groups to guide the development of report-back materials. We conducted thematic analyses of focus group data to guide the design of the report-back document and convened experts in community engagement, reporting study results, and human subjects research to provide feedback. Final revisions to the report-back document were made based on follow-up focus group feedback.

Results:

Focus groups identified critical components of an air-monitoring report-back document to include an overview of the pollutant being measured, a comparison of individual personal sampling data to the overall study population, a guide to interpreting results, visualization of individual data, and additional information on pollution sources, health risks, and exposure reduction strategies. Participants also indicated their desire to receive study results in an electronic and interactive format. The final report-back document was electronic and included background information, participants’ results presented using interactive maps and figures, and additional material regarding pollution sources.

Conclusion:

Studies using personal air monitoring technology should provide research participants their results in an understandable and meaningful way to empower participants with increased knowledge to guide exposure reduction strategies.
Validating the behavioral Defining Issues Test across different genders, political, and religious affiliations
Authors: Han Hyemin
Published: March 2023

The Defining Issues Test (DIT) has been widely used in psychological experiments to assess one’s developmental level of moral reasoning in terms of postconventional reasoning. However, there have been concerns regarding whether the tool is biased across people with different genders and political and religious views. To address the limitations, in the present study, I tested the validity of the brief version of the test, that is, the behavioral DIT, in terms of the measurement invariance and differential item functioning (DIF). I could not find any significant non-invariance at the test level or any item demonstrating practically significant DIF at the item level. The findings indicate that neither the test nor any of its items showed a significant bias toward any particular group. As a result, the collected validity evidence supports the use of test scores across different groups, enabling researchers who intend to examine participants’ moral reasoning development across heterogeneous groups to draw conclusions based on the scores.
Suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms in an urban post-partum maternity setting: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Moran L. , Sheehan J. D. , Roddy D. , Duffy R. M.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Fifteen percent of women worldwide experience depression in the perinatal period. Suicide is now one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in developed countries. Internationally, many healthcare systems screen post-natal women for depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation to facilitate early assessment and intervention. To our knowledge, no Irish data exists on the prevalence of suicidal ideation in this cohort.

Aims:

To evaluate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in post-natal women attending a large Dublin maternity hospital.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Women were randomly selected by delivery date over a 6 month period. Demographic and medical information was collected from their booking visit and discharge summary data. EPDS results at discharge post-partum were examined.

Results:

Data was collected on 643 women. Post-partum, 19 women (3.4%) had experienced suicidal ideation in the previous 7 days. Just over half of these women also had high EPDS scores (>12). Overall, 29 women (5.2%) screened positive for depression (EPDS score > 12).

Conclusions:

The rate of suicidal ideation is in line with the published international data and emphasises the need for all clinicians to inquire about such thoughts. Training of midwifery and obstetric staff is required. Maternity units should have a policy on the management of suicidal ideation and risk. The prevalence of depressive symptoms post-partum was comparatively low in our study. This could suggest that antenatal screening and early intervention, which are integral parts of the perinatal mental health service, are effective. However, due to limitations of the study, it could also reflect an under-representation of depressive symptom burden in this cohort.
Sir Robert Cotton, Manuscript Pamphleteering, and the Making of Jacobean Kingship during the Short Peace, ca. 1609–1613
Authors: Millstone Noah
Published: March 2023

This article concerns two manuscript tracts by Sir Robert Cotton, the Answer to Certain Military Men regarding Foreign War (1609) and Twenty-Four Arguments on the Strict Execution of the Laws against Seminary Priests (1613). To the limited extent that these tracts have been studied at all, historians have read them as artifacts of the Jacobean regime's internal counseling process. Through analysis of the both the structure of the Jacobean regime's knowledge economy and the two tracts and contextualizing them, the author argues that these were, instead, innovative exercises in publicity, designed to defend existing Jacobean policy against so-called country criticism. Designed to circulate widely among the kingdom's social elite—indeed, more than two dozen handwritten copies of each tract survive—the manuscript pamphlets played on Cotton's reputation as an antiquary to legitimize the Jacobean regime's most controversial policies. More broadly, the tracts demonstrate the dilemma of a Jacobean regime caught between the geopolitics of peace and interconfessional diplomacy and the expectations of a domestic political elite nurtured on the values and expectations of confessional war.
Surface wave instability in the thermocapillary migration of a flat droplet
Authors: Hu Kai-Xin , Zhang Shao-Neng , Chen Qi-Sheng
Published: March 2023

The surface wave instability (SWI) of thermocapillary migration is examined by linear stability analysis for a droplet on a unidirectional heated plane. Both a Newtonian fluid and an Oldroyd-B fluid are considered. The droplet, flattened by gravity, is susceptible to two kinds of instabilities: convective instability (CI), which is independent of surface deformation; and SWI, which occurs only when the Galileo number and the surface-tension number are not too large. The wavenumber of the latter is much smaller than that of the former, while the reverse is true for the wave speed. SWI is found at different Prandtl numbers (Pr), while its mode includes streamwise and oblique waves. Energy analysis suggests that the energy of the long-wave mode comes from the shear stress induced by the surface deformation, the energy source for the mode with finite wavelength is the work done by Marangoni forces, while the energy from the basic flow is only important in some cases at small Pr. For the Oldroyd-B fluid, a small elasticity slightly changes the critical Marangoni number of SWI, while larger elasticity changes the preferred mode from SWI to CI. The instability mechanism is discussed and comparisons are made with experimental results.
Inertia-gravity-wave diffusion by geostrophic turbulence: the impact of flow time dependence
Authors: Cox Michael R. , Kafiabad Hossein A. , Vanneste Jacques
Published: March 2023

The scattering of three-dimensional inertia-gravity waves by a turbulent geostrophic flow leads to the redistribution of their action through what is approximately a diffusion process in wavevector space. The corresponding diffusivity tensor was obtained by Kafiabad et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 869, 2019, R7) under the assumption of a time-independent geostrophic flow. We relax this assumption to examine how the weak diffusion of wave action across constant-frequency cones that results from the slow time dependence of the geostrophic flow affects the distribution of wave energy. We find that the stationary wave-energy spectrum that arises from a single-frequency wave forcing is localised within a thin boundary layer around the constant-frequency cone, with a thickness controlled by the acceleration spectrum of the geostrophic flow. We obtain an explicit analytic formula for the wave-energy spectrum which shows good agreement with the results of a high-resolution simulation of the Boussinesq equations.
High Mach number dynamic stability of blunt slender cones at angle of attack
Authors: Khalid M.
Published: March 2023

The dynamic stability of blunt cones at angles of attack and high supersonic Mach numbers has been investigated along lines similar to the pointed cone solution derived by the present author. The steady pressure distribution on a blunt cone is complemented with a first and second order azimuth contribution resulting from an angle of. attack displacement. The unsteady perturbation is then superimposed on the steady solution by accounting for the streamline deflection in an oscillating flow. The closed form expressions obtained for the dynamic stability of blunt cones reduce to their pointed cone counterparts once the bluntness parameter is equated to zero. The comparison between the theoretical and measured results is quite encouraging.
Design of an advanced nacelle for a very high bypass ratio engine
Authors: Lecordix J.-L. , Gippet J.-M. , Duparcq J.-L.
Published: March 2023

The next challenge for future engines is to increase the bypass ratio in order to improve the propulsive efficiency. These very high bypass ratio engines improve the fuel consumption but create new technical challenges. These challenges include the fact that larger engines require bigger nacelles, hence the external drag and weight increase; furthermore the installation of these engines on civil aircraft is more challenging. Therefore important work has been carried out to optimise the design of these new nacelles and their installation on the airframe.

The present work is based on a new engine, with a very high bypass ratio. For this engine Snecma has designed an advanced nacelle with a low diameter-low length fan cowl and a core cowl mounted thrust reverser. A very short secondary flow nozzle is required to improve accessibility to the core engine and its accessories. The fan cowl length is dramatically reduced.

Different solutions were investigated to design the inlet and the fan cowl. Based on 2D potential inverse codes and 3D Euler codes, CFD calculations were made to optimise the aerodynamic lines for cruise conditions while keeping good off-design performance. A highly challenging exhaust nozzle was designed to maintain good efficiency with very tough geometric constraints. For this Snecma used 2D Navier-Stokes CFD codes. New reverse systems were studied for this type of nacelle, for example core cowl mounted thrust reversers. The optimisation of these highly 3D geometries was performed using 2D and 3D Navier-Stokes calculations.
The application of a theoretical blade sailing model to predict the behaviour of articulated helicopter rotors
Authors: Newman S. J.
Published: March 2023

A theoretical model had been previously developed to predict the behaviour of a semi-rigid helicopter rotor blade during rotor engagement and disengagement under high wind conditions. This has now been extended to cater for an articulated rotor by modelling the droop and anti-flap stop mechanisms by high rate linear springs.. Much increased blade deflections are predicted, as anticipated, along with the possibility of blade tip/tail boom contact at a high enough wind speed. The importance of the higher modes in the description of the phenomenon is demonstrated. A comparison of the theoretical model with an experiment using a full size Puma aircraft is presented.
Investigating particle acceleration dynamics in interpenetrating magnetized collisionless super-critical shocks
Authors: Yao W. , Fazzini A. , Chen S.N. , Burdonov K. , Béard J. , Borghesi M. , Ciardi A. , Miceli M. , Orlando S. , Ribeyre X. , d'Humières E. , Fuchs J.
Published: March 2023

Colliding collisionless shocks appear in a great variety of astrophysical phenomena and are thought to be possible sources of particle acceleration in the Universe. We have previously investigated particle acceleration induced by single super-critical shocks (whose magnetosonic Mach number is higher than the critical value of 2.7) (Yao et al., Nat. Phys., vol. 17, issue 10, 2021, pp. 1177–1182; Yao et al., Matter Radiat. Extrem., vol. 7, issue 1, 2022, 014402), as well as the collision of two sub-critical shocks (Fazzini et al., Astron. Astrophys., vol. 665, 2022, A87). Here, we propose to make measurements of accelerated particles from interpenetrating super-critical shocks to observe the ‘phase-locking effect’ (Fazzini et al., Astron. Astrophys., vol. 665, 2022, A87) from such an event. This effect is predicted to significantly boost the energy spectrum of the energized ions compared with a single super-critical collisionless shock. We thus anticipate that the results obtained in the proposed experiment could have a significant impact on our understanding of one type of primary source (acceleration of thermal ions as opposed to secondary acceleration mechanisms of already energetic ions) of ion energization of particles in the Universe.
Recognizing Odysseus, reading Penelope: theanagnōrisisin the 23rd book of theOdyssey
Authors: Currie Bruno
Published: March 2023

The article argues that Penelope recognizes Odysseus atOdyssey23.32–33, not, as is usually held, at 205–06. Recognition is here analysed as a multi-componential process, in which Penelope’s coming to know Odysseus’ identity must be distinguished from her letting on that she knows, and in which her recognition of the man before her as her long-lost husband does not automatically entail the immediate rekindling of all the old emotions. The narrative ofOdyssey23.1–230 is shown to be interested in tracing Penelope’s progression through the various components of recognition (knowledge, acknowledgement, emotional reconnection). The article explores the reasons why Penelope may consent to full reunion with Odysseus a good deal later than she has actually recognized him. Among these reasons, as well as the need for emotional attunement between Odysseus and Penelope, is Penelope’s need to ‘manage face’vis-à-visEurycleia, Telemachus and Odysseus. It is argued, further, that the narrative of theOdysseycharacteristically requires us to read the minds of its characters, above all Penelope in book 23. A mind-reading approach to the poem is justified in principle and grounded in a detailed reading ofOdyssey23.1–230. The wider interpretative implications for the poetics of the poem as whole are also explored.
The Red Sea Aristotle
Authors: Lytle Ephraim
Published: March 2023

Deriving from a larger investigation into the sources used by Leonidas of Byzantium for his second-century AD Halieutica, this article argues that a handful of passages in Aelian’s De natura animalium (3.18, 3.28, 10.13, 10.20, 11.21, 11.23–24, 12.24–25[24] and 12.27[25]) comprise a coherent series indebted to the same section of Leonidas’ work. More importantly, all of these accounts are ultimately derived from a Peripatetic treatise on the marine fauna of the Red Sea. The author, whom I dub the Red Sea Aristotle, based his treatise on first-hand research likely conducted at a Ptolemaic settlement in the northern Red Sea. This treatise seems to have been known to at least one later Alexandrian lexicographer, while Agatharchides of Cnidus may have had access to it already in the middle of the second century BC. This Peripatetic treatise invites a reconsideration of orthodox claims about the fate of scientific zoology in the Hellenistic period.
Wastias: the lion of Thebes
Authors: Papazarkadas Nikolaos
Published: March 2023

This article offers the first comprehensive presentation of a monumental funerary lion found approximately 60 years ago in Thebes. Remarkably, the stone lion’s breast is inscribed with the name of the deceased, Ϝαστίας. On numismatic, epigraphic and historical grounds, I identify this Wastias as the homonymous magistrate appearing on staters of the Boiotian koinon in ca. 400 BC, but also as Astias, one of the leading Laconizing Theban politicians on the eve of the Corinthian War (Hellenica Oxyrhynchia 20.1–2). Wastias’ death can be very plausibly placed in 395 BC, the year of the battle of Haliartos. The proposed association is supported by a stylistic analysis of the monument, which thus becomes one of the best-dated sculpted lions of the Classical period. My contextual analysis of the monument reaffirms the notoriously oligarchic orientation of Theban politics. It also prompts a re-examination of other funerary lions, most notably its regional successor in the lion of Chaironeia. It concludes with a reflection on the nature of individual versus collective commemorative practices.