bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Filiação adotiva, civilização e direitos humanos
Authors: Arend Silvia Maria Favero
Published: February 2023

No município de Blumenau (Santa Catarina/Brasil), no início do século XX, constatamos a emissão de três discursos que associavam o ideário do progresso ao chamado “problema dos indígenas”: o do “mau selvagem e o do bom civilizado”. Este, ligado a tendências do Evolucionismo Social; aquele, proferido pelo Serviço de Proteção aos Índios e Localização de Trabalhadores Nacionais. Neste artigo, descrevemos as ações engendradas pelo discurso evolucionista-social. Seus emissores afirmavam que, pela filiação adotiva, os indígenas Xokleng se tornariam civilizados. Analisaremos o método empregado pelo médico alemão Hugo Gensch para dar a uma menina Xokleng uma educação segundo os preceitos de uma família burguesa e teuto-brasileira.
Evolução dos direitos da criança e do adolescente
Authors: Oliveira Nayara , Papali Maria , Aquino Luiz
Published: February 2023

Tendo em vista as mudanças sociais, econômicas, políticas e culturais, ocorridas durante os séculos passados, no que se refere ao entendimento e a própria concepção de criança e adolescente, busca-se refletir sobre a evolução, conquista e efetivação de direitos desta população, a fim de entender o processo histórico e social no qual se deu a criação e legitimação das diferentes leis de proteção e cuidado integral a crianças e adolescentes, tanto no mundo quanto no Brasil, com ênfase neste último. Para tanto, é necessário analisar a conjuntura vivida em determinado tempo histórico, correlacionando os direitos infanto-juvenis existentes à época, como ainda identificar seus desdobramentos nos tempos atuais. Realiza-se, então, uma pesquisa bibliográfica, com caráter eminentemente qualitativo. Diante disso, verifica-se que a denominação de infância a qual se conhece é uma conquista recente, fruto de grandes transformações sociais, proporcionadas por movimentos organizados da sociedade, que foram imprescindíveis na luta pela garantia e conquista de direitos de crianças e adolescentes do país.
Method Development and Validation for Famciclovir and Valacyclovir by using UPLC and its Degradents are Characterized by LC-MS/MS
Authors: Kumari Santha K . , S Mohan  . , K Prasada Rao  .
Published: February 2023

>The studies aimed to evaluate the preliminary parameter and Antioxidant potential of Plumbago indica. Standardization using various analytical techniques was also performed. P. indica was collected and studied for preliminary analysis and antioxidant activity and analyzed using the standard protocol using different analytical techniques. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was used to assess the antioxidant potential. The microscopy indicated the presence of periderm, cork and cortex, sclereids, cork, secondary xylem and medullary rays bordered pitted vessel, calcium oxalate crystal, starch grain, and cork with resin cell. The total ash, moisture, water-soluble, acid soluble ash, water soluble extractive and the alcohol soluble extractive value was 1.388, 5.146, 0.674, 0.19, 3.88, 3.6%, respectively. The presence of variety of phytoconstituents was discovered during phytochemical analysis. The total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extract was 533.83 and 46.667 mg/gm, respectively and 132.66 and 219.00 mg/gm, respectively. The thin-layer chromatography (TLC), fluorescence in suspension hybridisation (FLASH), ultraviolet (UV), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), analysis illustrated the presence of Plumbagin and antioxidant activities because of its bioactive compounds. The ethanolic extract gives higher antioxidant potential by DDPH free radical scavenging activity. The findings of this study may be useful in establishing botanical and analytical grades for the root of P. indica.
The Influence of Ph and Temperature on the Antimicrobial Activity Of Cell-free Supernatant of Lactobacillus plantarum Sn13t Isolated from Stingless Bee Honey (Galo-Galo)
Authors: S Melia . , SN Aritonang . , I Juliyarsi . , YF Kurnia . , . Rusdimansyah .
Published: February 2023

>This study aimed to measure the antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus plantarum SN13T cell-free supernatant against bacterial pathogens at different pH and temperatures. L. plantarum SN13T was isolated from stingless bee honey (galo-galo). Some pathogenic bacteria were tested, namely Listeria monocytogenes VTO, Listeria monocytogenes, L. innocua, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Propionibacterium acnes, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter baumani, and Escherichia coli. Cell-free supernatant (CFS) L. plantarum SN13T had antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. The highest antimicrobial activity of CFS L. plantarum SN13T at pH 2 was against Salmonella bacteria (23.9 mm), and the smallest inhibition (10.2 mm) was against Acinetobacter baumani. While at pH 4, the highest antimicrobial activity of CFS was found in E. coli with an inhibition zone of 26.9 mm. CFS L. plantarum SN13T at different temperatures still had antimicrobial activity, even at more than 121oC. CFS L. plantarum SN13T produced the highest antimicrobial properties against Pseudomonas, both at 70, 100, and 121oC, while the lowest antimicrobial activity was shown against L. monocytogenes VTO.
Formulation Development of Sustained Release Matrix Pellets Compressed into Unit Dosage Form
Authors: Pravina Gurjar . , S Pavani .
Published: February 2023

>Any drug delivery system’s main objective is to consistently deliver the desired drug concentration in the blood or tissues, which is therapeutically beneficial and non-toxic. The spherical, free-flowing granules known as pellets increase bioavailability, lower the risk of dose dumping and local gastrointestinal discomfort, regulate drug release, and boost absorption of the medicine. A second-generation sulfonylurea called gliclazide is used to treat non-insulin-dependent diabetic mellitus (NIDDM). This study’s objectives were to construct a flexible dosage form with controlled release and look into how process parameters affected the procedure. To find the batch of pellets that provided a sustained release pattern for the drug gliclazide, several batches of pellets manufactured using the extrusion spheronization process and the design of experiment (DoE) approach were used. Due to their roundness, the pellets had excellent flow characteristics, which affected the dosage production rate. They also had small particles that could be easily dispersed and helped prevent dosing. The release rate of the pellets was 99.3% after 12 hours. With superior medication release control, the study completes the development of sustained-release pellets, minimizing issues with the conventional tablet administration form.
Development and Validation of a High Throughput Lc-Ms/Ms Method for Quantitation of Ipilimumab in Human Plasma
Authors: Reddy Konatham TK. , Haque M. Akiful
Published: February 2023

>For the analytical determination of ipilimumab employing cetuximab as a reference standard, a simple, fast, accurate, robust, and repeatable LC-MS/MS methodology was devised. This study investigated current developments in analytical LC-MS/MS methodologies. The Waters symmetry C18 column (150 x 4.6 mm, 3.5) was employed at ambient temperature under isocratic elution. Acetonitrile (ACN) and 0.1% aqueous solution of formic acid were utilized as mobile phase at 1.0-mL per min flow rate. The injection volume was 10 μL, and the operation period was 7 minutes. The overall methodology duration was 7 minutes, with a retention time being 3.124 minutes for Ipilimumab. Validated across a static linearity range of 12.50–100 ng/mL for Ipilimumab with a correlation value of 0.99961. Outcomes for precision, matrix effect, recovery, accuracy, and stability fell within acceptable parameters.
Colistin Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Various Clinical Samples in North Indian Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Chauhan Shubham . , Kaur Narinder . , Saini Adesh K . , Aman Shahbaz . , Chauhan Jyoti . , Kumar Harit .
Published: February 2023

>Background: Antibiotic resistance and their mischaracterization often lead to treatment failure. In the present scenario, resistance to colistin is emerging. Poor testing methods for colistin resistance detection can increase the risk of treatment failures and even mortality. In this study, we analyzed the burden of multidrug-resistant (MDR), Extensively drug-resistant (XDR), pandrug resistant (PDR), and colistin resistant Gram-negative bacteria and also evaluated Vitek-2 compact and Broth Microdilution (BMD) for the detection of colistin resistance at North Indian Tertiary-Care Hospital. Methods: A total of 11237 samples were processed in which 1822 (16.21%) were gram-negative bacilli (GNB). All GNB after identification by Vitek-2 compact, were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing by Vitek-2 and characterized as MDR, XDR, and PDR as per guidelines of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention US (CDC) and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Identification of colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae family, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii was made by broth microdilution (BMD) method. BMD was used as a standard gold method for colistin resistance. Results: A total of 43.57% MDR, 9.49% XDR, and 3.5% PDR gram-negative bacteria was isolated from various departments and from various sites. Vitek-2 compact detected 47 (2.75%) and MBD method detected 38 (2.23%) colistin-resistant gram-negative bacilli. Vitek-2 compact failed to detect nine colistin-resistant organisms. The highest resistance towards colistin was seen in A. baumannii (6%), followed by P. aeruginosa (5%), Escherichia coli (1.07%), Klebsiella pneumonia (1%). Conclusions: There is a need for quick and efficient antibiotic resistance management efforts against colistin resistance. Vitek-2 compact gives unsatisfactory and inaccurate results in the detection of colistin susceptibility
Peran Etika Kerja Islami Terhadap Komitmen Organisasi: Reviu Literatur
Authors: Widyastuti Ari , Budiharto Sus
Published: February 2023

Berbagai hasil kajian melaporkan bahwa komitmen organisasi dipengaruhi antara lain oleh kepuasan kerja, budaya organisasi, motivasi intrinsik, dan etika kerja Islami. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran etika kerja Islami terhadap komitmen anggota organisasi menggunakan reviu literatur. Komitmen organisasi merupakan keterlibatan anggota organisasi secara konsisten dengan segala upaya yang dilakukan untuk tetap bergabung dalam suatu organisasi. Etika kerja Islami merupakan seperangkat sistem nilai dan keyakinan anggota organisasi yang bersumber dari ajaran agama Islam yang mendasari sikap dan perilakunya dalam organisasi. Kajian ini menggunakan reviu literatur melalui pengumpulan sumber data berupa hasil-hasil penelitian tentang etika kerja Islami dan komitmen organisasi, pembacaan, pengelompokan, analisis, dan pembahasan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa etika kerja Islami berperan positif terhadap komitmen anggota organisasi.
Dinamika Resiliensi pada Istri yang Mengalami Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga di Masa Depan
Authors: Ramadhani Hamidiya , Hayati Elli Nur
Published: February 2023

Resiliensi dibutuhkan oleh istri yang mengalami tindakan kekerasan karena resiliensi dianggap sebagai kekuatan dasar yang menjadi pondasi dari semua karakter positif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika resiliensi pada istri yang mengalami kekerasan dalam rumah tangga di masa pandemi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode kualitatif menggunakan strategi penyelidikan fenomenologi. Sampling dilakukan dengan Teknik sample kriteria. Kriteria subjek penelitian adalah perempuan yang mengalami kekerasan dalam rumah tangga penelantaran selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan observasi, dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis isi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subjek dengan suami mengalami perasaan tertekan dalam situasi sulit, berkomunikasi untuk menyelesaikan masalah nafkah yang tidak diberikan namun tanpa hasil. Subjek menceritakan kondisinya kepada keluarganya, sehingga mendapatkan dukungan sosial dan material dari orang terdekat, namun subjek merasa sungkan bila menggantungkan diri pada bantuan orang lain sehingga mencari pekerjaan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan keluarganya secara diam-diam karena suami mereka tidak mengizinkan untuk bekerja dan dibalik semua peristiwa yang dialami subjek bertahan karena subjek merasa kuat karena kehadiran tuhan, keluarga, dan ikhlas menerima takdir yang dialaminya serta beribadah kepada Allah. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ditemukan enam gambaran tentang bagaimana dinamika resiliensi pada istri yang mengalami kekerasaan dalam rumah tangga di masa pandemi.
Pengaruh Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) dalam Meningkatkan Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG)
Authors: Nurhasanah Hanna , Sartika Dewi , Sumaryanti Indri Utami
Published: February 2023

Saat menghadapi kematian seseorang terutama anggota keluarga yang dekat, seringkali keyakinan individu terhadap dunia menjadi berubah. Untuk melewati perubahan tersebut, individu harus mampu membangun kembali keyakinan dan pandangannya terhadap dunia. Kematian anggota keluarga inti atau seseorang yang dicintai dalam kondisi pandemi Covid-19 menjadi suatu beban krisis yang bisa berbeda dari biasanya. Proses berduka merupakan sesuatu yang wajar untuk dilalui, namun bisa menjadi sebuah gangguan patologis jika tidak ditangani dengan baik. Saat mampu diatasi dengan baik, kematian seseorang dapat memicu pertumbuhan pribadi seperti posttraumatic growth (PTG). PTG mengacu pada pengalaman perubahan positif yang terjadi sebagai akibat dari perjuangan dengan krisis kehidupan. Dalam membantu proses individu memodifikasi keyakinan atau kognitifnya, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) dinilai mampu membantu individu berfokus pada kondisi saat ini tanpa memberikan penilaian berlebih pada apa yang dialami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah MBCT mampu meningkatkan PTG pada individu yang mengalami kematian anggota keluarga inti karena Covid-19. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan rancangan single case experimental design dengan membandingkan pengukuran sebelum dan sesudah treatment dilakukan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah individu dewasa awal (usia antara 18-40 tahun). Penelitian ini melibatkan dua orang subjek dengan hasil terdapat peningkatan pada skor Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) setelah diberikan treatment dengan peningkatan rata-rata 10%.
Abating Gliomas – A Brief Phytotherapic Perspective
Authors: Uchit Bhaskar , Nalina Narasimhaswamy , Manjunatha A.H. Reddy , Sumathra Manokaran
Published: February 2023

Malignant tumors of the central nervous system such as Glioblastoma, have been a test to the medical community. Most therapies till date depend on a combination of radiotherapy, chemotherapy or neurosurgery. However, despite this, the survival rates of patients with Glioma are severely reduced. In light of discoveries made in the field of plant and folklore medicine for a host of neuropathological disorders, attempts have been made to address the proliferation, migration, anti-apoptotic and pervasiveness of glial tumors using similar phytotherapic approaches. Herein, we extensively review herbal remedies to restrict tumor growth and progression and invoking different pathway genes.
Improvement of β-galactosidase production by solid-state fermentation using cauliflower (Brassica oleraceae var. botrytis) waste by Enterobacter aerogenes KCTC2190
Authors: Maity Manisha , Bhattacharyya Dipak K. , Bhowal Jayati
Published: February 2023

In this present study, cauliflower wastes were employed as a substrate for better β-galactosidase production by Enterobacter aerogenes KCTC2190. Cauliflower leaf and stalk were used separately as substrates for solid state fermentation. 10% cauliflower stalk enhanced β-galactosidase production at the maximum level. Cultural parameters such as incubation period, temperature and pH were optimized. Maximum β-galactosidase was produced at 40ºC at pH 7 containing cauliflower stalk supplemented medium after 30 h of incubation.
Linking Flood and Flood Resilience Through Scientometric Review for Future Research
Authors: Anthony Peter , Abdul Majid Roshida , Tukiman Nor Izura
Published: February 2023

Flood resilience architecture is riddled with challenging and complicated issues. Few studies, meanwhile, have attempted to map the global research on this crucial area. The objectives of the study are connections among the stakeholders, the main areas of research, and the available direction in the body of knowledge. 635 document-related bibliographic records that were collected from Scopus were systematically and quantitatively analysed using the scientific mapping method. The findings showed that the top 3 keywords most frequently used in the field were floods, flood control, and flooding. The top 3 least discussed topics/issues were decision-making, rain, and urban resilience. This study's main contribution and distinction come from its status as the first to present an inclusive, comprehensive, and overall overview of the examined literature. By identifying key research topics, journals, institutions, and countries, as well as how these are connected within currently accessible studies on the sector, this study adds value to the existing literature. The findings highlight the limitations in the existing research and offer directions for future study, where they suggested that as a way of resilience to the problems, future study potential lies in the least studied topics. For the world of practice, the study provides a convenient point of reference for practitioners, decision-makers, and new researchers in the field. Therefore, this study increases the level of awareness of flood and flood resiliency in the housing sector.
Evaluating the Impact of Vernacular Façade Design on Indoor Thermal Performance in Malaysia’s Modern Masjids
Authors: Mohd Nawayai Siti Salwana , Denan Zuraini , Sanusi Aliyah Nur Zafirah , Mohd Nawawi Norwina
Published: February 2023

Accessing buildings for evaluation on architectural concerns are raised as some designers create the call to revive indigenous architecture when a trend of adopting foreign or international architectural style is widely spreading. The quests for cultural identity in Malaysia towards sustainable contemporary buildings require research of past achievements. Vernacular masjid is known to adhere to principles of passive design as the key to thermal comfort. Researchers posed questions on the extent of flexibility in vernacular architectural concepts, concerning design adaptation on modern masjids for optimal thermal performance. This experimental research aimed to evaluate the outcome of modern masjid façades designed with the vernacular concept in Malaysia. In the literature, research brings together variables such as building height, façade shading, serambi openings, as well as materials and construction details. A quantitative analysis led this investigation through observation and field survey on stratified random samples of modern vernacular masjids in Malaysia. Air temperature and relative humidity were recorded using a MIC-98583 sensor with ±0.6 °C accuracy in temperature and ± 3 % accuracy in relative humidity. Wind speed was measured using an AVM-305 sensor with ± 0.2 m/s accuracy. The empirical finding highlights serambi opening-to-wall design as the most significant element of vernacular architecture found in building façade that influences indoor thermal performance in modern vernacular masjids. The result could become an extremely useful guideline for designers to create the sustainable design in the future.
Critical Coordination Factors Affecting Design and Build Projects
Authors: Ohag Misbah , Nawawi Abdul Hadi , Muhammad Faudzi , Hashim Norfashiha
Published: February 2023

The design and build projects (DB) have increased in numbers in the last few decades. DB method is becoming more popular than the traditional method in Malaysia, especially in national projects.However, design-build projects may suffer from a significant number of problems, such as conflicts between the project parties (designers, contractors, and owners), resulting in poor performance and poor quality. One common cause of project failure of conventional projects is poor coordination and communication process. It has been found that no such study has been found to identify the coordination factors that might affect the project’s success. To fill this gap, this research aims to establish a framework of coordination factors affecting DB projects’ performance in Malaysia. This study uses a mixed methodology approach to identify critical coordination factors by a comprehensive review of the literature. The identified factors were categorized, ranked, and prioritized according to their influence on project performance using a quantitative approach. It is found that scheduling and planning, human resource coordination, documentation & records coordination, contract implementation coordination, value engineering and quality assurance, technical coordination, design coordination, management coordination, and external coordination are the significant factors of coordination that may affect the performance of construction projects. This study provides empirical evidence by correlating the identified coordination factors with DB project performance. Identification of coordination factors will help in enhancing and improving the performance of design and build projects.
A simple and consistent quantum-chemical fragmentation scheme for proteins that includes two-body contributions
Authors: Vornweg Johannes R. , Wolter Mario , Jacob Christoph R.
Published: February 2023

The Molecular Fractionation with Conjugate Caps (MFCC) method is a popular fragmentation method for the quantum-chemical treatment of proteins. However, it does not account for interactions between the amino acid fragments, such as intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Here, we present a combination of the MFCC fragmentation scheme with a second-order many-body expansion (MBE) that consistently accounts for all fragment--fragment, fragment--cap, and cap--cap interactions, while retaining the overall simplicity of the MFCC scheme with its chemically meaningful fragments. We show that with the resulting MFCC-MBE(2) scheme, the errors in the total energies of selected polypeptides and proteins can be reduced by up to one order of magnitude and relative energies of different protein conformers can be predicted accurately.
Lignin-based Bisguaiacol diisocyanate: a green route for the synthesis of biobased polyurethanes
Authors: Lemouzy Sebastien , Delavarde Alienor , Lamaty Frederic , Bantreil Xavier , Pinaud Julien , CAILLOL Sylvain
Published: February 2023

The synthesis of a new biobased aromatic diisocyanate derived from lignocellulosic raw material, namely guaiacol and vanillyl alcohol, through phosgene-free routes offers the prospect of greener approaches for isocyanate production and the polyurethane industry. Indeed, bisguaiacol F diisocyanate (BGI) was obtained via a three-step process from readily available bisguaiacol F (BGF), involving conversion of aromatic amine into aromatic isocyanate. The unusual metal-free conversion of BGF to bisguaiacol F diamine (BGA) was performed by a two-step approach: a) the Williamson-type alkylation of BGF and then b) the base-promoted Smiles rearrangement of bis O-Alkylated BGF. In order to improve the sustainability of this process, the first step was realized under solvent-free mechanochemical conditions, and the second step was performed using two different activating methods: thermal and microwave. The thermal process provided an isolated BGA yield of ca. 70%. Microwave activation proved to be an interesting alternative, although a lower yield (32%) of the desired BGA was achieved. Finally, the diisocyanate synthesis was performed via a phosgene-free/room temperature protocol using di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in presence of a catalytic amount of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). Two polyurethane thermosets were designed and synthesized using the aromatic diisocyanates, biobased BGI and petrochemical-based methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), by a solvent-free two-step polymerization process, and their thermo-chemical properties were evaluated. These preliminary results suggest that BGI could be potentially used as a fully biobased surrogate for MDI.
Room Temperature Defluorination of Poly(tetrafluoro)ethylene by a Magnesium Reagent
Authors: Sheldon Daniel , Parr Joseph , Crimmin Mark
Published: February 2023

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are now pervasive in the environment. The largest single use material within the PFAS compound class is poly(tetrafluoro)ethylene) (PTFE), a robust and chemically resistant polymer. Despite their widespread use and serious concerns about their role as pollutants, methods for repurposing PFAS are rare. Here we show that a nucleophilic magnesium reagent reacts with PTFE at room temperature, generating a molecular magnesium fluoride which is easily separated from the surface-modified polymer. The fluoride in turn can be used to transfer the fluorine atoms to a small array of compounds. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that the atomic fluorine content of PTFE can be harvested and re-used in chemical synthesis.
Preliminary Assessment of Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) Cognition Using Digital Cognition Testing Software and Touchscreen Technology
Authors: Munir Gina M. , Nealen Paul M.
Published: February 2023

Studies of nonhuman primate cognition have traditionally employed subjects from the monkey (Cercopithecoidea) and ape (Hominidae) lineages, with relatively much less examination of the phylogenetically intermediate gibbons (Hylobatidae). To begin to rectify this gap in our understanding of primate cognition, we used a short-term training and testing method to preliminarily evaluate siamang gibbon (Symphalangus syndactylus) performance on a battery of standardized cognitive tasks, using Monkey CANTAB cognition testing software (Lafayette-Campden Neuroscience) and a computer touchscreen apparatus. Five different operant tasks examining distinct perceptual and cognitive functions were used to train and test each subject over a period of five weeks. Over 1900 cognitive testing trials were completed with three subjects. Despite limited training and testing opportunity, all siamangs achieved proficiency scores well above chance (> 65%) in both Concurrent Discrimination and Spatial Working Memory tasks. Over the limited training opportunities available, our subjects did not achieve proficiency in Delayed Match-to-Sample, Paired Associates Learning, or Conditional Visual Discrimination tasks; however, subjects did exhibit (to varying degrees) improved performance in these tasks, suggesting that additional training may lead to higher proficiency and that siamangs demonstrate effective, task-based learning capabilities. We present one of the first successful tests of a hylobatid ape using touchscreen cognitive testing methods and demonstrate that hylobatids can be evaluated using the same methods now commonly employed in tests of other nonhuman primates. Further, our testing regime proved to be behaviorally rewarding for our subjects, suggesting that hylobatids may benefit from advanced forms of interactive cognitive enrichment.
Problem-Solving and Spontaneous Tool-Using Ability in European Brown Bears (Ursus arctos arctos)
Authors: Chambers Helen R. , O’Hara Sean J.
Published: February 2023

Little is known about the cognitive abilities of bears, despite possessing relatively large brains for their body size. One reason this group is perhaps overlooked is because they are thought to fail to conform to the “social brain” hypothesis, by being relatively solitary species but still possessing large brains. Here, to better understand the proposed benefits afforded by encephalization, the cognitive abilities of 17 captive European brown bears Ursus arctos arctos were tested. The aim was to determine whether bears possess problem-solving and object-manipulation abilities. Two experimental tests – a puzzle box and an object-manipulation set-up – were presented to bears at seven UK zoological parks. Generalised linear mixed models were used to determine which variables, specifically age, sex, motivational levels, behavioral diversity and persistence, influence cognitive performance. Results revealed evidence of trial-and-error learning; however, two juveniles appeared to acquire a latch association, suggesting some individuals have potential to adopt successful strategies and draw perceptive associations. Individual variation in motivation levels appears to be an important factor influencing cognitive performance. Overall, the bears failed to spontaneously use a tool but still managed to retrieve the food reward, instead using alternative techniques to solve the problem. Analyses revealed both age and sex to be negatively associated with time-to-solve in our sample, indicating the younger male bears solved the task more quickly. Results suggest social dynamics of group-living bears to be influencing cognitive performance, as the collective nature of testing resulted in increased competition over a high-value reward. These results are discussed herein. Brown bears are confirmed to be an excellent model species for testing the cognitive abilities of Ursids, as well as theories of cognitive evolution.
In the Zone: Towards a Comparative Study of Flow State in Primates
Authors: Clark Fay E.
Published: February 2023

Flow is an altered state of feeling ‘in the zone’ when fully absorbed in a challenge and is associated with positive affective state (feelings). Despite almost five decades of research, Flow has not yet been recognized in non- human animals, despite repeated suggestions from animal researchers it could exist. Recent advancements in behavioral and neurophysiological indicators of experience in humans and animals make it more possible than ever to detect Flow in other species. In this article, I propose a framework for comparative Flow research on humans and great apes. I conserve the original nine-component definition of human Flow developed by Csikszentmihalyi and its three conditional components, but re-structure the six experiential components into three dimensions: Focus, Motivation, and Affect. I evaluate the evidence for each dimension and component in great apes, and how current human Flow methods may translate to great apes. If Flow state exists beyond our species, this has major implications. It would provide insight into the evolution of internally derived happiness and ignite more comparative research in the field of positive psychology. Second, knowledge of Flow or a Flow-like state in other species would inform the design of more effective enrichment and therefore promote higher captive animal welfare. I hope to spark new discussions among human positive psychologists, comparative psychologists, and animal cognition and welfare scientists, so that we may begin to conceptualize and recognize non-human Flow.
Ten-Year Recurrence Outcomes in Early Stage and Early Onset Colon Cancer and the Expression Profiles of MicroRNAs and Cancer Stem Cell Markers in These Tumors
Authors: AK AKSOY Secil , TUNCA Berrin , YILMAZLAR Tuncay , IŞIK Özgen , ÖZTÜRK Ersin , MUTLU Melis , TEKİN Çağla , GULCU Baris , UGRAS Nesrin , YERCİ Ömer , ÇEÇENER Gülşah , EGELİ Ünal
Published: February 2023

Objective: We hypothesized that microRNAs (miRNAs) might be involved in tumor development by critically regulating cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in the early stages of colon cancer (eCC). This study aimed to determine the expression profiles of miRNAs in CSC-positive eCC patients and examine their associations with recurrence.
Materials and Methods: We analyzed CD133, LGR5 and SOX2 expression profiles to determine CSC status in 30 eCC specimens. Then, using the results of RT2 miRNA PCR custom arrays, we evaluated the expression profiles of 38 miRNAs in CSC-positive eCC patients.
Results: Recurrence occurred in 5 patients within ten years after surgery. We determined down-regulation of miR-125b and up-regulation of miR-135b were significant in CSC-positive eCC patients (p=0.021, p=0.001, respectively). We found that low expression of miR-125b was associated with recurrence in eCC (p=0.0022).
Conclusions: We suggest that recurrence might be prevented by increasing the expression of miR-125b in eCC.
The Mediating Role of Germ Aversion in the Relationship between Fear of COVID-19 and Intention to Vaccinate
Authors: KARAGÖZ Yalçın , YALMAN Fuat
Published: February 2023

Objective: In the study, it was aimed to determine the fear level of COVID-19 and to demonstrate the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and intention to vaccinate.
Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of young, middle, and elderly patients and their relatives who applied to a family medicine unit operating in the city center of Düzce. Data were collected from 530 people using the face-to-face survey technique. The researchers used IBM SPSS Statistic Base 23 V and AMOS package programs for statistical analysis.
Results: The empirical result of the study revealed that as the fear level of COVID-19 increased, the intention to get vaccinated for COVID-19 increased positively. In addition, it has been determined that germ aversion behavior has a significant indirect effect and fully mediates the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and intention to get vaccinated.
Conclusions: This research revealed that increasing COVID-19 fear level positively increases the intention to be vaccinated through high germ aversion behavior.
Efectos de la adición de grasas vegetales en la alimentación de vacas holstein en el primer tercio de lactación
Authors: Gutiérrez León Francisco Adolfo
Published: February 2023

La selección genética de las vacas lecheras ha desarrollado animales de alta producción que demandan una nutrición especializada que a veces es difícil de satisfacer. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de la adición de tres tipos de grasas en la alimentación de vacas lecheras. Se seleccionó ocho vacas, con más de un parto, de primer tercio de lactancia entre 0 – 100 días post parto. Recibieron una dieta a voluntad de pastura, balanceado más los tratamientos 400g/día de aceite vegetal, usando: aceite de soya, aceite crudo de palma, grasa sobrepasante y un testigo (pasto + balanceado). Los animales recibieron todos tratamientos de manera aleatoria, se realizó una semana de adaptación y dos semanas de evaluación por tratamiento. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas (p<0,05) para las variables producción de leche y ganancia de peso, observándose que los aceites tuvieron un mayor rendimiento. El aceite de soya tiene mejor consumo en relación al aceite crudo de palma y la grasa sobrepasante. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticas para el contenido de grasa en leche, y tampoco para los ácidos grasos: linolenico (omega 3) y linoleico (omega 6). Solo para el Oleico (omega 9) se observaron diferencias estadísticas (p<0,05) con aceite de soya. La mejor relación costo-beneficio presentó el testigo y el aceite crudo de palma.
Clima-organizacional-laboral en académicos en el contexto de diversidad cultural aplicando modelo de correlación en Norte, Sinaloa
Authors: Arroyo-Avila José René , Viramontes-Olivas Oscar Alejandro , Guerra García Ernesto , Alvídrez-Díaz María del Rosario de Fátima , Báez Terrazas César
Published: February 2023

El Clima organizacional-laboral (Col) en la actividad académica, es herramienta fundamental para el desarrollo e innovación de políticas y programas relacionados con el trabajo docente, que redunda en beneficio estudiantil. El objetivo fue analizar condiciones de Col en maestros de una Universidad de educación para la diversidad cultural en tres unidades académicas (Mochis, Mochicahui y Choix) en el Norte de Sinaloa. Se aplicaron encuestas con escala de medición Likert (siete-niveles). Las muestras se obtuvieron por el Método Aleatorio Estratificado por Afijación Proporcional (nivel de confianza (Nc) 95% y error 6%), para N=240 en tres unidades y una muestra n=127. Se midieron variables: Expectativas y satisfacción (Es), Autonomía (Au), Cohesión (Cn), Presión laboral (Pl), Apoyos institucional (Ai), Equidad (Eq) e Innovación (In). Se analizaron datos con el Coeficiente de Correlación (Pearson) con regresión bivariada y multivariada. En académicos el Col y sus correlaciones fueron moderadamente significativas a significativas: Es (r=0.849 P<0.01); Au (r=0.664 P<0.01); Cn (r=0.871 P<0.01); Pl (r=0.546 P<0.01); Ai (r=0.730 P<0.01); Eq (r=0.823 P<0.01); In (r=0.733 P<0.01). Finalmente las fortalezas de la Universidad, es que apoya a grupos vulnerables; las debilidades, tiene una organización y cuerpo de gobierno “vertical” que fragmenta a sectores; las amenazas, desunión y falta de comunicación entre grupos y las oportunidades, sus programas están certificados y con calidad educativa.
Presentación Editorial
Authors: Guadarrama Muñoz Alma Cossette
Published: February 2023

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THE SENTENCE CONNECTORS IN ACADEMIC INDONESIAN AND ENGLISH
Authors: Nasanius Yassir
Published: February 2023

Sentence connectors are a well-recognized feature of academic English. There is, however, little research on sentence connectors that has been undertaken in academic Indonesian. The present study attempted to establish whether sentence connectors in academic Indonesian are as common as those in academic English. As many as nine articles published in Linguistik Indonesia in 2009 were used as samples and were examined to determine the occurrences of sentence connectors in academic Indonesian. The results of the study indicated that sentence connectors in academic Indonesian were as common as those in academic English. In fact, the writers of academic Indonesian tended to use sentence connectors more frequently than their counterparts in English. That is, Swales and Feak (2004) found that on average over two sentence connectors occurred in every page of academic text written in English, while the present research found that on average over five sentence connectors occurred in every page of academic texts written in Indonesian.
A DISTRIBUTED MORPHOLOGY ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN KE-/-AN VERBS
Authors: Hidajat Lanny
Published: February 2023

Indonesian ke-/-an verbs have a complex argument structure. Similarly to Indonesian passive di- verbs, ke-/-an verbs never have an agentive NP in the subject position and their subject NPs must be definite. However, unlike passive di- verbs, these verbs generally cannot be followed by an agentive prepositional phrase. In addition, when ke-/-an verbs have two arguments, the applied argument appears in the subject position instead of the internal one. In this study, the structure of Indonesian ke-/-an verbs is analyzed by using the Distributed Morphology framework (Folli dan Harley, 2002; Kratzer, 1996; Marantz, 1997; among others). Based on the verbsâ€™ distribution and interpretation, this study argues that of ke-/-an verbs are derived by attaching the ke-/-an circumfix, which is an overt representation of a verbalizing head, to the projection ofROOT.
MEASURING PROFICIENCY IN STANDARD INDONESIAN FOR ENGGANO SPEAKERS
Authors: Simanjuntak Rindu Parulian
Published: February 2023

The main purpose of study described in this paper was to measure the proficiency of Standard Indonesian spoken in Enggano Island, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. Enggano is spoken in six villages: Malakoni, Apoho, Meok, Kaâ€™ana, Kayapu and Banjar. Of these, two villages â€” Meok and Kaâ€™ana â€” were selected as research sites for collecting data. The instruments used were the Indonesian Sentence Repetition Test (ISRT) (Hanawalt 2008) and a set of bilingualisms questionnaire. The results show an average bilingual proficiency in Standard Indonesian of level 2 on the ILR scale (Interagency Language Roundtable 2007) for Enggano speakers, which indicates an ability to use Indonesian limited to particular situations and domains. The analysis also shows that bilingual proficiency in Enggano varies on average between males and females and is influenced by education and age, but not by the other factors investigated. This means that bilingual proficiency in Standard Indonesian for Enggano speakers is largely the result of continuing on to higher levels of education. Even though the average proficiency of Enggano speakers in Standard Indonesian is at level 2, the attitudes of most Enggano speakers towards both the Indonesian language andÂ the local vernacular language are strongly positive.
Resensi Buku
Authors: Sari Faizah
Published: February 2023

Judul : Discursive Pragmatics (Handbook of Pragmatics Highlights, volume 8) ISSN : 1877-654XPenyunting : Jan Zienkowski, Jan-Ola Ã–stman, dan Jef VerschuerenPenerbit : Amsterdam: John Benjamins B.V. 2011Tebal : 307 halaman
KEAJEKAN KONSEPTUAL DALAM METAFORA BARU
Authors: Siregar Bahren Umar
Published: February 2023

The present reserch on metaphors attempts to study (a) to what degree we can determine the conceptual stability of novel metaphors, and (b) whether the level of conventionality of the novel metaphors has an effect on their conceptual stability. Three relatively new metaphors such as Jeruk kok minum jeruk, literally means â€˜How come an orange drinks the orange juiceâ€™, Cicak lawan buaya or Cicak vs. buaya (Lizard vs. Crocodile) and Bahasa Indonesia sebagai penghela ilmu pengetahuan (The Indonesian language as a carrier of knowledge) and their usage in various online media and websites were selected as data. The research has shown that the conceptual stability of a novel metaphor is determined by frequent use of the metaphor and saliency of its figurative meaning. As the level of conventionality of the metaphor also depends on the frequency of its use, the conventionality, therefore, has an effect on the conceptual stability
KATA DAN MAKNA DALAM BAHASA MELAYU TERNATE
Authors: Litamahuputty Betty
Published: February 2023

Ternate Malay is one of the languages in which a word may fulfil various grammatical roles and express different meanings without showing any formal features on the word. Even if morphological processes are applied, they merely add something to the meaning and do not indicate grammatical features. It is the linguistic context as well as the nonlinguistic situation that determine how words and strings of words have to be interpreted to achieve the most suitable meaning. This article shows how certain function words, the word order, and additional prosodic features facilitate Ternate Malay speakers and hearers in expressing and interpreting strings of words. The examples are taken from spontaneous told narratives and display a kind of natural spoken Ternate Malay.
INFIXATION AND APOPHONY IN MALAY: DESCRIPTION AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
Authors: McKinnon Timothy , Yanti NFN , Cole Peter , Hermon Gabriella
Published: February 2023

Malay(ic) languages of Sumatra show a high level of internal diversity. Linguists are only beginning to understand the ways in which these languages differ from one another, and what this divergence tells us about the origins and development of Malay. This paper describes an important morphological phenomenon in Sumatran Malay: morphological word-shape alternations. Kerinci, a Malayic language spoken in the Bukit Barisan range in Jambi, exemplifies this phenomenon. Kerinci exhibits a morphological alternation which is realized in the final â€“V(C) of roots (e.g. ataÊ” â€˜roofâ€™ vs. atÉ™k â€˜the/its roofâ€™) (Prentice & Usman, 1978; Steinhauer & Usman, 1978) inter alia). Previous studies have concluded that word-shape alternations of this sort are attested only in a subregion of Kerinci (cf. Usman, 1988). In this paper, we show that word-shape alternations resembling those found in Kerinci can be found sporadically throughout a large region of Sumatra, in both Minangkabau and Traditional Malay varieties. We describe these phenomena, and develop a historical account of their development. We conclude that word-shape alternations developed independently inÂ several varieties as a result of shared prosodic properties.
PENETAPAN BENTUK FONOLOGIS DARI BUNYI YANG BERALTERNASI: SATU ASPEK TERPENTING DALAM SISTEM TATA BAHASA
Authors: Pastika I Wayan
Published: February 2023

The choice of a phonological representation can be overt or nonovert depending on its phonological environments in a morpheme. The right decision with respect to the phonological rule should define a right grammatical system on morphophonology. The phonological process according to Generative theory and its daughter, Optimality theory, considers the â€˜inputâ€™ choice should be the most acceptable candidate among its alternative counterparts. The choice of the input is not just seen from one single phonological process of the morpheme in question, but it should be overtly identified from other processes. The derivation from the â€˜inputâ€™ to the output does not always exhibit identically phonological representation of segmental sequences in a stem because distinctive features always interact to each other in accordance with the phonological environment. When each phonological segment keeps its features faithfully, then there is no phonological change happening from the input to the output. Therefore, the input or the underlying form of a morpheme in question is not always overtly recognised from the ouput, but it may occur beyond the phonetic representation.
â€œBENTUK HORMATâ€ DIALEK BAHASA BALI AGA DALAM KONTEKS AGAMA
Authors: Mayuko Hara
Published: February 2023

Balinese language has two major dialects, Lowland Balinese dialect (BD dialect) and Mountain Balinese dialect (BA dialect). BD dialect has a systematic form of respect (Sor Singgih Basa, Unda Usuk Basa) which is based, mainly, on the differences of caste between speakers in the society. In the BA community, however, there is no difference of social status groupings. Thus, in principle BA dialect does not have the system and use of honorifics. However, speeches at prayers contain the honorific words which are the same as or similar to Kruna Alus, Kruna Alus Singgih, Kruna Alus Sor of BD dialect. This paper describes the â€œhonorificsâ€ of BA dialect used in the Pedawa village based on analysis of speeches at prayers, and points the possibility of interference and borrowing from BD dialect to BA dialect through religious domain.
JAVANESE AND PROBLEMS IN THE ANALYSIS OF ADVERSATIVE PASSIVE
Authors: Nurhayani Ika
Published: February 2023

Adversative passive is one of the means that languages use to code that an event may have detrimental effect on someone. The adversative passive differs from the standard passive in that the speaker perceives an event as unpleasant or unfortunate. The adversity semantic effect is normally encoded with an adversative passive affix attached to the verb.Â  Javanese has such coding with (1) prefix ke- and (2) the circumfix ke--an. However, Javanese adversative passive is not always associated with adversity.Â  In fact, an event described by Javanese adversative passive may have neutral or pleasant consequences. This proves to be problematic for the current frameworks on adversative passives such as Kuboâ€™s (1992) and PylkkÃ¤nenâ€™s (2002) because their frameworks assume that an adversative passive carries an adversative semantic property encoded in the malefactive head or with a passive morphology. Moreover, the subject of the â€˜adversative passiveâ€™ in Javanese does not have to possess an object because the passive can have a reading in which the passive subject held an object belonging to someone else while experiencing a situation related to the object. This also poses a problem for PylkkÃ¤nenâ€™s (2002) because she bases her adversative passive analysis on the possessor raising theory which requires a possesive relation between the theme and the affected argument. I argue that Javanese â€˜adversative passiveâ€™Â  is best described as a combination of the prefix ke- and suffix â€“an (the circumfix ke--an) with the prefixÂ  ke- carrying the accidental semantics property and the suffix â€“an as an applicative suffix adding an affected argument to the construction.