bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the touchscreen-based food approach-avoidance task: remediated block-order effects and initial findings regarding validity
Authors: van Alebeek Hannah , Kahveci Sercan , Blechert Jens
Published: August 2021

Approach biases to foods may explain why food consumption often diverges from deliberate dietary intentions. Yet, the assessment of behavioural biases with the approach-avoidance tasks (AAT) is often unreliable and validity is partially unclear. The present study continues a series of studies that develop a task based on naturalistic approach and avoidance movements on a touchscreen (hand-AAT). In the hand-AAT, participants are instructed to respond based on the food/non-food distinction, thereby ensuring attention to the stimuli. Yet, this implies the use of instruction switches (i.e., ‘approach food – avoid objects’ to ‘avoid food – approach objects’), which introduce order effects. The present study increased the number of instruction switches to potentially minimize order effects, and re-examined reliability. We additionally included the implicit association task (IAT) and several self-reported eating behaviours to investigate the task’s validity. Results replicated the presence of reliable approach biases to foods irrespective of instruction order. Evidence for validity, however, was mixed: biases correlated positively with external eating, increase in food craving and aggregated image valence ratings but not with desire to eat ratings of the individual images considered within participants or the IAT. We conclude that the hand-AAT can reliably assess approach biases to foods that are relevant to self-reported eating patterns.
Um panorama sobre a Península Itálica na Baixa Idade Média, a partir do caso específico da cidade de Florença
Authors: De Melo Thatiane Piazza
Published: August 2021

O artigo aborda sobre as relações políticas vivenciadas na Península Itálica na Baixa Idade Média, em específico sobre a cidade de Florença. Esta encontra-se cercada por distintos poderes que se opõem entre o Império Papal e o Sacro Império. Além disso, neste período também ocorreu a Guerra dos Cem Anos, que apesar de não serem conflitos ocorridos nesse território, trouxeram diversos impactos políticos. Depois também ocorreram diversos surtos da Peste Negra e apesar de tudo esses acontecimentos, esse período vivenciou também uma expansão dessa cidade.
As Virtudes de Constantino versus os Vícios de Maxêncio e Licínio segundo a História Eclesiástica de Eusébio de Cesareia (306-324)
Authors: Rosin Caprino Taborda Andréia
Published: August 2021

No século IV d.C., Eusébio de Cesareia em sua História Eclesiástica vinculou as ações político-militares do imperador Constantino à vontade do Deus judaico-cristão. Neste trabalho analisaremos como o autor elaborou tais argumentos a fim de legitimar o poder do governante, através da atribuição de virtudes ao mesmo, em contraposição às características viciosas reservadas aos seus oponentes Maxêncio e Licínio.
Territórios Senhoriais, Fronteiras Diocesanas: O Poder Senhorial-Episcopal em Castela no Século XII
Authors: Alvaro Bruno
Published: August 2021

Este artigo analisa a ação do poder senhorial-episcopal nos tensionamentos presentes nos territórios senhoriais das dioceses castelhano-leonesas de Sigüenza, Osma e Tarazona em meados do século XII. Por meio da documentação diplomática, são problematizadas as relações de negociação entre os bispos nos ajustes das delimitações de suas fronteiras diocesanas e o peso que o poder senhorial exercia na resolução desses conflitos.
O De Orthographia de Alcuíno de York: Estudo de um Manual do Século VIII
Authors: Geisler Gabrielly Cecília , Grein Everton
Published: August 2021

A pesquisa analisou o De Orthographia de Alcuíno de York, um pequeno manual escrito no século VIII. Para fazer este estudo, analisou-se a biografia de York e o período em que o mesmo viveu, para que assim tivéssemos como base o motivo que o levou a escrever o tratado ortográfico. Essa ideia de comparação entre autor e obra, serviu para analisar quais foram as reformas dentro da De Orthographia e sua contextualização, ou seja, em como se encontrava a língua da época, o latim, e as soluções para a padronização da mesma.
A Reconquista Cristã Portuguesa e a Reordenação Muçulmana: o Uso dos Forais como Modelo de Submissão e o Controle Régio nos Séculos XII a XV
Authors: Cunha Andrea Alvares da , Sant Anna James Eduard Campos e
Published: August 2021

Com o processo político denominado por Reconquista Cristã, ocorrida na Península Ibérica entre os séculos XII a XIII, a população muçulmana acaba sendo reorganizada espacialmente e politicamente na área portuguesa através de um conjunto de práticas baseadas na Legislação Regia, iniciando-se com a emissão dos Forais, sendo o marco de sua sujeição futura e esteriotipação como ‘elemento infiel’ no decorrer das centúrias seguintes.
As Constituições das Irmãs da Ordem dos Frades Pregadores (1259): uma tradução
Authors: De Carvalho Alexander , Fortes Carolina
Published: August 2021

A História do ramo feminino da Ordem dos Frades Pregadores no século XIII não é fácil de ser contada. Não é só a escassez de documentos que torna essa empreitada difícil para os primeiros decênios de existência da Ordem, mas o fato de que os frades tenham resistido com vigor à que casas de mulheres fossem incorporadas à Ordem. Essa resistência, no entanto, foi solapada constantemente pelos interesses de certos frades, bem como da Cúria Papal e de membros da aristocracia laica, em conferir apoio institucional e espiritual aos grupos de mulheres, espalhados pela Cristandade, que se devotavam à vida religiosa a partir da missão dominicana.
Memórias da construção de um eu professora
Authors: Rodrigues Sílvia Adriana , Sousa Vera Luísa de , Gomes Alberto Albuquerque
Published: August 2021

Trazemos nesse texto um recorte do estudo com caráter qualitativo – em desenvolvimento de forma coletiva – que objetiva, com uso de narrativas escritas (cartas) ofertadas por professora(e)s de diferentes níveis de ensino, compreender as características constituintes da identidade e profissionalidade docente ao longo da carreira. Dessa forma, o que ora apresentamos são as reflexões tecidas a partir da narrativa de uma professora do Ensino Fundamental, em início de carreira, que nos levaram ao entendimento de que a escola é espaço privilegiado para a formação das identidades, com contribuições significativas tanto no período de formação quanto no de atuação profissional; bem como de que as singularidades das histórias narradas nos dão elementos sólidos para a compreensão do processo de constituição identitária tanto individual, quanto coletiva.
Desenho universal para aprendizagem: uma abordagem para alunos com autismo na sala de aula
Authors: Borges Adriana Araújo Pereira , Schmidt Carlo
Published: August 2021

Embora o Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) possa ser definido como um transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento, com déficits nas habilidades de comunicação e comportamento, o termo espectro retrata a enorme gama de diferenças individuais desses sujeitos. No ambiente escolar essas diferenças tendem a ser evidenciadas, o que pode refletir no trabalho do professor com o aluno. Uma das possibilidades de intervenção para facilitar o processo de aprendizagem de educandos com TEA é o Desenho Universal para Aprendizagem (DUA). O DUA pode ser compreendido como um conjunto de princípios e estratégias que se relacionam com o currículo escolar. Sua finalidade é eliminar as barreiras que impedem o aprendizado, contribuindo para a inclusão escolar dos alunos, principalmente aqueles que são público alvo da educação especial. Nesse sentido, atua como facilitador da prática pedagógica. Esse artigo discute a relevância do DUA, a partir das características dos aprendizes com autismo apontadas pelas teorias da coerência central, das funções executivas e da teoria da mente. A importância dessa abordagem é percebida a partir da narrativa da mãe de um aluno com autismo sobre os entraves da escolarização do filho e sobre as práticas pedagógicas que contribuíram em seu percurso educacional.  Os resultados apontam para a importância de que os professores conheçam e se apropriem do DUA, uma ferramenta que contribui para a inclusão escolar dos alunos com autismo e para uma prática pedagógica mais equitativa.
Programa de formação continuada de professores: comunicação alternativa e transtorno do espectro autista
Authors: Guthierrez Carla Cordeiro Marçal y , Walter Catia Crivelenti de Figueiredo
Published: August 2021

A formação de professores vem contribuindo no desenvolvimento profissional e na participação nos movimentos de a luta mais ampla por justiça social. Na área da Educação Especial e Inclusiva a formação ainda oferece a diminuição das lacunas na qualidade da educação e no processo de comunicação entre estudantes de diferentes perfis e seus professores. O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um Programa de Formação Continuada no uso da Comunicação Alternativa (CA) para professores do Atendimento Educacional Especializado em uma escola pública. Esse programa é fruto de uma pesquisa de doutorado onde analisou-se os efeitos da autoscopia na prática docente. Assim como verificou-se os efeitos da Comunicação Alternativa nas relações interativas no cotidiano escolar dos estudantes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista – TEA e suas professoras. Os resultados sinalizaram uma maior interação comunicativa dos estudantes com suas professoras. Assim, esses estudantes começaram a fazer uso da CA em sala de aula, tendo o PECS-Adaptado como um eficaz sistema, ampliando as oportunidades de comunicação.
Aprendizagem matemática: perspectivas da educação inclusiva no município de Gravataí/RS
Authors: Nunes Camila Da Silva , Geller Marlise
Published: August 2021

Este artigo busca refletir sobre como os diferentes espaços escolares, a sala de aula regular da escola na perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva e o Atendimento Educacional Especializado, abordam conceitos matemáticos com os alunos. A partir de um recorte da tese de doutorado, analisamos as intervenções pedagógicas implementadas nesses espaços, com quatro alunos público-alvo da Educação Inclusiva, matriculados nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental no município de Gravataí/RS. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram que as estratégias de intervenção utilizadas, como jogos pedagógicos, material concreto e tecnologias, potencializaram a aprendizagem matemática dos estudantes, possibilitando um maior envolvimento nas tarefas propostas, despertando, assim, o interesse pela aprendizagem de conceitos matemáticos iniciais. Por fim, observamos que as intervenções pedagógicas, oriundas do Atendimento Educacional Especializado, se sobressaem em relação à sala de aula regular, pois os estudantes frequentam esse espaço com interesse e curiosidade. Pode-se inferir que esse interesse se origine, devido as atividades serem propostas de forma individualizada ou em pequenos grupos, além de assumirem um caráter mais criativo.
Programas e práticas pedagógicas na educação especial e inclusiva
Authors: Vestena Carla Luciane Blum , De Schipper Carla Maria , De Souza Flavia Faissal
Published: August 2021

n/a
Development of the CORE-Kids core set of outcome domains for studies of childhood limb fractures
Authors: Marson Ben A. , Manning Joseph C. , James Marilyn , Craxford Simon , Deshmukh Sandeep R. , Perry Daniel C. , Ollivere Benjamin J. ,   The CORE-Kids collaborative group
Published: August 2021

Aims

The aim of this study is to develop a core set of outcome domains that should be considered and reported in all future trials of childhood limb fractures.

Methods

A four-phase study was conducted to agree a set of core outcome domains. Identification of candidate outcome domains were identified through systematic review of trials, and outcome domains relevant to families were identified through semi-structured interviews with 20 families (parent-child pairing or group). Outcome domains were prioritized using an international three-round Delphi survey with 205 panellists and then condensed into a core outcome set through a consensus workshop with 30 stakeholders.

Results

The systematic review and interviews identified 85 outcome domains as relevant to professionals or families. The Delphi survey prioritized 30 upper and 29 lower limb outcome domains at first round, an additional 17 upper and 18 lower limb outcomes at second round, and four additional outcomes for upper and lower limb at the third round as important domains. At the consensus workshop, the core outcome domains were agreed as: 1) pain and discomfort; 2) return to physical and recreational activities; 3) emotional and psychosocial wellbeing; 4) complications from the injury and treatment; 5) rturn to baseline activities daily living; 6) participation in learning; 7) appearance and deformity; and 8) time to union. In addition, 9a) recovery of mobility and 9b) recovery of manual dexterity was recommended as a core outcome for lower and upper limb fractures, respectively.

Conclusion

This set of core outcome domains is recommended as a minimum set of outcomes to be reported in all trials. It is not an exhaustive set and further work is required to identify what outcome tools should be used to measure each of these outcomes. Adoption of this outcome set will improve the consistency of research for these children that can be combined for more meaningful meta-analyses and policy development. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(12):1821–1830.
Six-stage revision surgery of a triple periprosthetic joint infection due to a delayed diagnosis of a bilateral psoas abscess: a case report
Authors: Lucero C , Díaz-Dilernia F , Comba F , Zanotti G , Piccaluga F , Buttaro M
Published: August 2021

Case

We present a case of a 70-year-old woman with simultaneous periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of both hips and left knee due to a bilateral psoas abscess. The patient underwent debridement and implants removal with the consequent reimplantation in a sequential six-stage revision surgery. At four years of follow-up and in spite of the patient’s comorbidities and current PJI presentation, she maintains full activities of daily living without restrictions.

Conclusion

Accurate and early diagnosis of a psoas abscess is crucial. This case report provides experience of a complex scenario, the decision-making involved and the outcomes of an underdiagnosed complication.
Bilateral ganglion cysts at L4/5 causing central canal stenosis and producing sciatica and neurogenic claudication: a case report
Authors: Allison CM , Bonanos G , Varma A
Published: August 2021

Symptomatic bilateral juxtafacet ganglion cysts are relatively uncommon in the degenerated spine. The literature describes 16 cases of bilateral ganglion or synovial cysts, none reported sciatica and neurogenic claudication simultaneously. We present a case of a 60-year-old woman who presented with symptoms of bilateral sciatica and neurogenic claudication. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine revealed bilateral lesions related to the facet joints at the L4/5 level, causing bilateral lateral recess stenosis and narrowing of the central canal due to encroachment of these bilateral lesions at the same level. She underwent an elective central canal decompression of the L4/5 level and excision of the facet cysts bilaterally with lateral recess decompression, which resulted in good relief of both the radicular and claudication symptoms.
A Rhetorical Analysis of the Discourse of Advertising Herbal Medicine in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Adegoju Adeyemi
Published: August 2021

This paper examines the persuasive strategies of advertising herbal medicine in southwestern Nigeria. With recourse to the rhetorical model of analysis, the article identifies and discusses the propaganda techniques/rhetorical strategies in the discourse relative to the herbal medical practitioners' ideological perception of trying to project modern-day herbal healing in Africa as an alternative to that of the failing synthetic drugs of western medical practice. Although the social practice of advertising herbal medicine is culturally based, this study reveals that there are no significant culture-specific strategies of advertising in the data sampled, as the communicative strategies generally fit in with the prefabricated style of advertising discourse. In view of the fact that the advertising genre like other areas of public life is a site of struggle over meaning, the study takes a critical look at the instances of the advertisers' tendency to abuse meaning in language by making certain advertising claims which there is no objective evidence to back up.
Die Bedeutung von Infinitiv und Konjunktiv als Modi der Nicht-Mitteilung (unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Italienischen)
Authors: Pichler Claudia
Published: August 2021

The infinitive (also referred to as "Nennform") is positioned both formally and functionally between noun and verb. This so-called "intermediate status" and the pragmatic-communicative characteristics/functions resulting from it are described on the basis of a selection of Old Italian language samples. The study therefore examines the correlation between morphosyntactic and informational structure and focuses in particular on the morphosyntactic codification of thematic elements of expression. An accordance can be ascertained regarding the pragmatic-communicative characteristics/functions of the infinitive ( i.e. infinitive constructions of the type: definite article + infinitive + subject) and the (thematic) subjunctive.
The Realization of Address Terms in Modern Persian in Iran: A Sociolinguistic Study
Authors: Aliakbari Mohammad , Toni Arman
Published: August 2021

As an important feature of interface between language and society, address terms can provide valuable sociolinguistic information about the interlocutors, their relationship and their circumstances. As a result, in the past few decades address terms in different languages have been studied from different angles and with varying focus. In line with those studies this article focuses on identifying different types of addressing terminology that Persian interlocutors may use in different contexts. Personal names, general and occupation titles, kinship related terms, religious oriented expressions, honorifics, terms of intimacy, personal pronouns, descriptive phrases and employing greetings or attention getters to avoid address terms were found to be the possible categories for Persian addressers choice. The study also reveals that Persian language is rich enough in this respect and that an artful skill is required for Persian speakers to make an accurate and proper use of the vast range of choices for addressing individuals in various contexts. In addition to account for the abandonment of certain socioeconomic-referenced terms, the study also shows a number of culture-specific address terms which may have no equivalent in English.
The Meaning of Syntactic Dependencies
Authors: Otero Pablo Gamallo
Published: August 2021

This paper discusses the semantic content of syntactic dependencies. We assume that syntactic dependencies play a central role in the process of semantic interpretation. They are defined as selective functions on word denotations. Among their properties, special attention will be paid to their ability to make interpretation co-compositional and incremental. To describe the semantic properties of dependencies, the paper will be focused on two particular linguistic tasks: word sense disambiguation and attachment resolution. The second task will be performed using a strategy based on automatic acquisition from corpora.
Pragmatic Strategies of Diagnostic News Delivery in Nigerian Hospitals
Authors: Odebunmi Akin
Published: August 2021

This paper sets out to study pragmatic strategies of diagnostic news delivery in Nigerian hospitals, an area that has received extremely little attention in the linguistic literature. It ultimately aims to see how these strategies are similar to or are different from those used in Western hospitals, especially as studied by Maynard (1991a, 1991b, 1991c, 1992, 2003, 2004). The hospitals sampled were stratified into teaching, state-government owned and private hospitals, and a random selection of five hospitals from each group was made. Data were collected through tape recordings, and personal observation of hospital interactions. The analysis of data was based on insights from Levinson's (1979) notion of activity type and Maynard's (1991a, 1991b, 1991c, 1992, 2003, 2004) devices of diagnostic news delivery. The findings reveal that three strategies are used to declare diagnostic news. Two of these are the main strategies identified by Maynard, namely asserting the condition and citing the evidence, but the third, mitigating the blunt news through veils and hedges, is largely peculiar to Nigerian hospitals. The paper concludes that a study of pragmatic strategies of diagnostic news delivery contributes to a better understanding of hospital interactions, and provides insights into doctors' verbal outputs in diagnostic meetings.
Getippte Dialoge in neuen Medien. Sprachkritische Aspekte und linguistische Analysen
Authors: Dürscheid Christa , Brommer Sarah
Published: August 2021

This article focuses on every day communication in New Media with special regards to private writing on Instant Messaging. After brief introductory thoughts about writings beyond the linguistic norm in New Media we compare the specific circumstances of "new" writing via internet and mobile phone with "traditional" offline writing that can be realized by the use of a computer, a type writer or by hand. How this new writing is judged by the public, whether it is considered to be "good" or "bad" and how experts position themselves in this discussion, is shown in section 3. Section 4 takes a look at which linguistic theories might apply to the analysis of typed dialogues in computer mediated communication. The main focus here is on the theory of Interactional Linguistics which formerly had been applied only to the analysis of oral communication. Finally, language critical and linguistic aspects of writing in the New Media are discussed in a brief synopsis.
Concord patterns with collective nouns in Hong Kong English. With illustrative material from the International Corpus of English (Hong Kong component)
Authors: Wong May Lai-Yin
Published: August 2021

This corpus-based study reports on both a quantitative and qualitative account of the use of collective nouns in Hong Kong English, with particular reference to subject-verb agreement/concord patterns. Singular concord was found to be the preferred pattern among thirty-five collective nouns under interrogation in the ICE-HK corpus. It is argued that the preference for singular concord serves as a signal that Hong Kong English might be less conservative than British English in converging towards the norm of using singular concord with collective nouns across the globe.
Die Initiative Korpus Südtirol
Authors: Abel Andrea , Anstein Stefanie , Petrakis Stefanos
Published: August 2021

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Initiative Korpus Südtirol und beschreibt das im Entstehen begriffene Korpus des geschriebenen Deutschen in Südtirol. Dabei wird insbesondere auf den inhaltlichen Aufbau, die erhobenen Metadaten sowie die Organisation und Architektur des Gesamtsystems eingegangen. Zudem werden einige Anwendungsmöglichkeiten des Korpus Südtirol kurz vorgestellt, etwa für die Sprachdidaktik oder für varietätenlinguistische Untersuchungen, die auf der Grundlage eigens entwickelter Werkzeuge durchgeführt werden und deren Ergebnisse einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Beschreibung der deutschen Sprache in Südtirol leisten.
Verteilte Korpusabfragesysteme
Authors: Roth Tobias
Published: August 2021

Distributed text corpora have not been very much in use so far. The Swiss Text Corpus (CHTK) and its partner projects set up a distributed corpus for German ("Korpus C4"), virtually merging parts of their corpus data and making them available through one common query platform. Based on experience made during this project, we propose a possible path towards a more standardised interface for distributed corpus queries. This should allow to integrate new as well as existing corpora more easily into distributed corpus systems. Special attention is paid to problems such as responsibility assignment, performance, user management, format unification and metadata synchronisation.
Auf der Suche nach historischen Phrasemen – oder: Wörterbücher als Korpora
Authors: Dräger Marcel
Published: August 2021

The treatment of phrasemes is problematic both in a lexicographic view and a corpus analytic view, even though the efforts of the collocation research provide enormous amounts of output. Finding and automatically extracting phrasemes, that are longer than two or three word collocations, is still not satisfactorily possible, because there are no markers in the text, that indicate the borders of the expressions. If in addition the perspective is an historical one, the problems arise as the amount of available historical texts decreases. For an historical phraseographic analysis realistic examples are extremely help- and needful, so that other sources for assembling examples have to be found. The following text proposes some approaches, how dictionaries can be used as corpora, and shows, which results (examples, illustrations, links etc.) can be expected. The point of origin of the idea is to use dictionaries not in the classical way – that means: searching the headword and reading the related article –, but to use the whole dictionary as a corpus. This inverse use of dictionaries allows us to find a lot of implicit lexikographic information, that in a normal way of using dictionaries could only be found by coincident.
Sprachliche Gleichbehandlung von Frau und Mann: Eine korpusgestützte Untersuchung über den Sprachwandel in der Schweiz
Authors: Elmiger Daniel
Published: August 2021

The use of designations used for men and women has been discussed in German (as well as in other languages) very controversally since the seventies. Language use has been challenged by feminist linguists and some propositions have been supported by various regulatory interventions. In German, the most critical issue – the avoidance of generically used masculine forms – has been documented quite thoroughly as regards the individual phenomena (creation and use of personal nouns, alternative pronouns, strategies to avoid generically used masculine forms, etc.), but the actual extent of language use is still unknown so far and has given rise to very diverse appreciations: Whereas some experts reckon that alternative uses are achieving acceptance, others believe that there is stagnation or even a decrease of "nonsexist language".
In this paper we will discuss an explorative study, in which we have looked for evidence for a series of more or less conventional feminine personal nouns in two language corpora: on the one hand the new Schweizer Textkorpus and on the other the public collections that can be queried via COSMAS II. The analysis of the results show specific advantages and disadvantages of each corpus and poses some questions about future explorations in the field of linguistic equal treatment of women and men.
Fachkommunikation, Popularisierung, Übersetzung: Empirische Vergleiche am Beispiel der Nominalphrase im Englischen und Deutschen
Authors: Hansen-Schirra Silvia , Hansen Sandra , Wolfer Sascha , Konieczny Lars
Published: August 2021

This article examines the contrasts and commonalities between languages for specific purposes (LSP) and their popularizations on the one hand and the frequency patterns of LSP register features in English and German on the other. For this purpose corpora of expert-expert and expert-lay communication are annotated for part-of-speech and phrase structure information. On this basis, the frequencies of pre- and post-modifications in complex noun phrases are statistically investigated and compared for English and German. Moreover, using parallel and comparable corpora it is tested whether English-German translations obey the register norms of the target language or whether the LSP frequency patterns of the source language Ñshine throughì. The results provide an empirical insight into language contact phenomena involving specialized communication.
Der russische Partikel-Konjunktiv und der deutsche würde-Konjunktiv im Vergleich
Authors: Schümann Michael
Published: August 2021

The Russian subjunctive mood (soslagatel'noe naklonenie) is formed by the l-form of the verb and the particle by. From a morphological perspective, this is an isolating process, and the particle by has indeed been called an "ideal isolating form". In German on the other hand, besides the synthetic subjunctive (Konjunktiv I/II) an analytic subjunctive construction with the auxiliary würde is gaining ground. This process, too, is seen as a tendency towards an isolating language structure. Against this background the article compares the analytic subjunctives in Russian and German. In particular, analyses are referred to that have tried to work out the semantic compositionality of the subjunctive constructions (Sørensen 1975, Fabricius-Hansen 2000). After a critical discussion of the literature it is argued that in certain respects the German würde-construction is even more isolating than the Russian by-subjunctive.
Phraseologismen in problemorientierter weiblicher Adoleszenzliteratur – ein Beispiel
Authors: Preußer Ulrike
Published: August 2021

In this article, a qualitative aspect of the use of idioms within girl-literature, especially female adolescent literature, is presented, and will be checked for plausibility by using a singled out text - the novel Engel haben keinen Hunger from 2006 by Brigitte Biermann. It is shown that the idioms incorporated into the text not only serve the drastic description, but furthermore the establishment of another level of meaning.
Nachzustand, Distanz und Aspektualität als Komponenten einer formfokussierten Steuerung von Perfekt und Präteritum
Authors: Schumacher Nicole
Published: August 2021

The fascinating complexity of the German past tenses has created many scientific contributions within the pedagogic, linguistic and SLA communities. Not often though the findings of the theoretical branches have been applied for pedagogic purposes. The article aims at bridging this gap by elaborating the semantic respectively pragmatic concepts of post-state, distance and aspect within a focus on form approach. The concepts of post-state and distance help to present systematically the different readings of the German present perfect and past tense. Reflections on aspectual meanings lead to insights into L2 decoding and coding preferences of learners whose L1 grammaticalises aspect. I propose several proactive and reactive focus on form activities (input flood, input enhancement, metalinguistic feedback, dictogloss) to increase the salience of the elaborated concepts within the L2 instruction of the German past tenses.
Möglichkeiten angewandter Gesprächsforschung: Mündliche Prüfungen an der Hochschule
Authors: Meer Dorothee
Published: August 2021

Unfavorable job market conditions and the related increase in pressure to legitimate the social sciences and humanities have drawn attention within these disciplines to approaches which have turned their own academic considerations into a starting point for practical concepts. In this sense, the following approach out of the field of applied discourse analysis attempts to develop application-oriented suggestions based on the analysis of authentic oral examinations at the university level. Beginning with an analysis of observable communicative behavior on behalf of oral examination participants, the following didactic suggestions aim to develop solid advice for instructors and students. Both the analysis and the practical suggestions aim to establish the scopes and limits concerning communication in institutionally organized exam situations. The aim of this approach is to support examination participants in recognizing and utilizing the given range of communicative possibilities.
Bewerbung und Vorstellungsgespräch aus dialoglinguistischer Sicht. Einige Vorbemerkungen zur Aufarbeitung eines von der Linguistik vernachlässigten Arbeitsgebietes
Authors: Schmidt Ulrich A.
Published: August 2021

Das Vorstellungsgespräch vollzieht sich im Rahmen einer hochkomplexen Kommunikationssituation ("Bewerbungskommunikation") mit eigenen Rahmenbedingungen und Gesetzmäßigkeiten. Unter dieser Perspektive kann das Vorstellungsgespräch als Abschluss eines "Sprachspiels" im Sinne Wittgensteins betrachtet werden. Beim Prozess des Regel-Erlernens für dieses Sprachspiel, dem Prozess des Erwerbs von kommunikativer Bewerbungskompetenz, stoßen wir auf elementare Probleme: Neben dem Aspekt der Verdoppelung des Textproduzenten muss insbesondere gefragt werden, auf welche Weise kommunikative Bewerbungskompetenz entwickelt werden kann, denn in aller Regel ermangelt es den - für den Erwerb jeglicher Art von Kompetenz unabdingbaren - kommunikativen Rückmeldung:
Unter dieser Perspektive muss auch das Vorstellungsgespräch weniger als ein Prüfungsgespräch, sondern viel mehr als eine Art von "Flirtgespräch" betrachtet werden. In diesem Zusammenhang erscheinen auch die sog. "unzulässigen Fragen" in anderem Licht.
Objektklitika und Informationsstrukturierung im Bulgarischen
Authors: Janewa Valja
Published: August 2021

Auf der Grundlage der Chomskyschen Grammatiktheorie sowie der jüngsten Ergebnisse zur Informationsstrukturierung erfolgt die Untersuchung von Syntax, Morphologie und Semantik pronominaler Klitika in der bulgarischen Sprache. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die morphosyntaktischen Konfigurationen, in denen die Objektklitika vorkommen und deren prosodische, semantische und informationsstrukturelle Interpretation.
Dabei geht es vor allem um folgende Punkte:
• lexikalische Kategorisierung der Objektklitika
• Bedingungen für das Vorkommen der Objektklitika
• Kongruenzbeziehung zum verdoppelten Objekt
• Funktion der Klitika und ihre Bedeutung für die informationsstrukturelle Gliederung des Satzes
Rudin (1995) und Franks (1998) faßten die bulgarischen Klitika als funktionale Köpfe in der erweiterten lexikalischen Projektion von Verben auf, bei Dimitrova-Vulchanova (1998) sind sie Köpfe einer komplexen klitischen Projektion in satzinitialer Position. Schick & Zimmermann (1995) betrachten die Klitika als Adjunkte einer funktionalen Kategorie mit der Funktion, Topikalität auszudrücken. In meiner Darstellung folge ich diesen Ansätzen nicht, sondern versuche für die Fälle, in denen Klitika Stellvertreter für Nominalphrasen sind bzw. diese verdoppeln, ein anderes Erklärungsmuster zu geben.
On the basis of Chomsky's Generative Theory as well as of the latest results in information structure the syntax, morphology, and semantics of object clitics in modern Bulgarian are investigated. The study examines the morphosyntactic configurations in which object clitics occur, as well as their prosodic and semantic interpretation, and the interpretation of their information structure.
The following points are emphasized:
• lexical categorisation of object clitics
• conditions under which object clitics occur
• agreement relation between object clitic and argument noun phrase
• function of clitics and their meaning for the information structure of the sentence.
Rudin (1997) and Franks (1998) analyse the object clitics as functional agreement (nonargument) heads in the extended projection of the verb.
Dimitrova-Vulchanova (1998) argues that pronominal clitics head their own projection ClP. Schick & Zimmermann (1997) analyse the pronominal clitics as non-projecting adjuncts to a functional category F. The functional category F triggers raising of topics from the lexical projection VP.
In my analysis, instead of following this approach, I try to give a different explanatory model for those cases where the clitics stand in place of argument noun phrases or double these phrases.
Estimation of scleral mechanical properties from air-puff optical coherence tomography
Authors: Bronte-Ciriza David , Birkenfeld Judith S. , de la Hoz Andrés , Curatolo Andrea , Germann James A. , Villegas Lupe , Varea Alejandra , Martínez-Enríquez Eduardo , Marcos Susana
Published: August 2021

We introduce a method to estimate the biomechanical properties of the porcine sclera in intact eye globesex vivo, using optical coherence tomography that is coupled with an air-puff excitation source, and inverse optimization techniques based on finite element modeling. Air-puff induced tissue deformation was determined at seven different locations on the ocular globe, and the maximum apex deformation, the deformation velocity, and the arc-length during deformation were quantified. In the sclera, the experimental maximum deformation amplitude and the corresponding arc length were dependent on the location of air-puff excitation. The normalized temporal deformation profile of the sclera was distinct from that in the cornea, but similar in all tested scleral locations, suggesting that this profile is independent of variations in scleral thickness. Inverse optimization techniques showed that the estimated scleral elastic modulus ranged from 1.84 ± 0.30 MPa (equatorial inferior) to 6.04 ± 2.11 MPa (equatorial temporal). The use of scleral air-puff imaging holds promise for non-invasively investigating the structural changes in the sclera associated with myopia and glaucoma, and for monitoring potential modulation of scleral stiffness in disease or treatment.
3D single-shot ptychography with highly tilted illuminations
Authors: Chang Chengcheng , Pan Xingchen , Tao Hua , Liu Cheng , Veetil Suhas P. , Zhu Jianqiang
Published: August 2021

A method based on highly tilted illumination and non-paraxial iterative computation is proposed to improve the image quality of single-shot 3D ptychography. A thick sample is illuminated with a cluster of laser beams that are separated by large enough angles to record each diffraction pattern distinctly in a single exposure. 3D structure of the thick sample is accurately reconstructed from recorded diffraction patterns using a modified multi-slice algorithm to process non-paraxial illumination. Sufficient number of recorded diffraction patterns with noticeably low crosstalk enhances the fidelity of reconstruction significantly over single-shot 3D ptychography methods that are based on paraxial illumination. Experimental observations guided by the results of numerical simulations show the feasibility of the proposed method.
Ultrafast-laser-absorption spectroscopy in the mid-infrared for single-shot, calibration-free temperature and species measurements in low- and high-pressure combustion gases
Authors: Tancin Ryan J. , Goldenstein Christopher S.
Published: August 2021

This manuscript presents an ultrafast-laser-absorption-spectroscopy (ULAS) diagnostic capable of providing calibration-free, single-shot measurements of temperature and CO at 5 kHz in combustion gases at low and high pressures. Additionally, this diagnostic was extended to provide 1D, single-shot measurements of temperature and CO in a propellant flame. A detailed description of the spectral-fitting routine, data-processing procedures, and determination of the instrument response function are also presented. The accuracy of the diagnostic was validated at 1000 K and pressures up to 40 bar in a heated-gas cell before being applied to characterize the spatiotemporal evolution of temperature and CO in AP-HTPB and AP-HTPB-aluminum propellant flames at pressures between 1 and 40 bar. The results presented here demonstrate that ULAS in the mid-IR can provide high-fidelity, calibration-free measurements of gas properties with sub-nanosecond time resolution in harsh, high-pressure combustion environments representative of rocket motors.
Low-noise Kerr frequency comb generation with low temperature deuterated silicon nitride waveguides
Authors: Wu Zeru , Zhang Yanfeng , Zeng Shihao , Li Jiaqi , Xie Yaozu , Chen Yujie , Yu Siyuan
Published: August 2021

We report very low-loss deuterated silicon nitride (SiNx:D) micro-ring resonators fabricated by back-end CMOS compatible low-temperature plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) without annealing. Strong confinement micro-ring resonators with a quality factor of > 2 million are achieved, corresponding to a propagation loss in the 1460-1610 nm wavelength range of ∼ 0.17 dB/cm. We further report the generation of low-noise coherent Kerr microcomb states including different perfect soliton crystals (PSC) in PECVD SiNx:D micro-ring resonators. These results manifest the promising potential of the back-end CMOS compatible SiNx:D platform for linear and nonlinear photonic circuits that can be co-integrated with electronics.
High-resolution mid-infrared optical coherence tomography with kHz line rate
Authors: Israelsen Niels M. , Rodrigo Peter John , Petersen Christian R. , Woyessa Getinet , Hansen Rasmus E. , Tidemand-Lichtenberg Peter , Pedersen Christian , Bang Ole
Published: August 2021

We report on mid-infrared optical coherence tomography (OCT) at 4 µm based on collinear sum-frequency upconversion and promote the A-scan scan rate to 3 kHz. We demonstrate the increased imaging speed for two spectral realizations, one providing an axial resolution of 8.6 µm, and one providing a record axial resolution of 5.8 µm. Image performance is evaluated by sub-surface micro-mapping of a plastic glove and real-time monitoring of

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in parallel with OCT imaging.
Ultrasmooth, biocompatible, and removable nanocoating for hollow-core microstructured optical fibers
Authors: Ermatov Timur , Novoselova Marina , Skibina Julia , Machnev Andrey , Gorin Dmitry , Noskov Roman E.
Published: August 2021

Functional nanocoatings of hollow-core microstructured optical fibers (HC-MOFs) have extended the domain of their applications to biosensing and photochemistry. However, novel modalities typically come with increased optical losses since a significant surface roughness of functional layers gives rise to additional light scattering, restricting the performance of functionalization. Here, the technique that enables a biocompatible and removable nanocoating of HC-MOFs with low surface roughness is presented. The initial functional film is formed by a layer-by-layer assembly of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and tannic acid (TA). The alkaline etching at pH 9 results in the reduction of surface roughness from 26 nm to 3 nm and decreases fiber optical losses by three times. The nanocoating can be fully removed within 7 min of the treatment. Natural biocompatibility of BSA alongside antibacterial and antifouling properties of TA makes the presented nanocoating promising for biophotonic applications.
Unusual higher-order nonlinear optical properties in Au-coated triangular Ag-Au nanostructures
Authors: Mondal Koushik , Biswas Subrata , Singha Tara , Pal Sudip Kumar , Datta Prasanta K. , Ghosh Sujit Kumar , Kumbhakar Pathik
Published: August 2021

Here, we report hitherto unobserved local field (LF)-assisted pump wavelength-dependent nonlinear optical (NLO) effects of three-photon (3PA)-induced four-photon absorption (4PA) at 532 nm and two-photon-induced 3PA at 730 nm in triangular-shaped core–shell Ag-Au nanoparticles (TrAg@Au) by femtosecond Z-scan. The shell thickness-dependent enhancement in the LF is observed by a COMSOL simulation. The intensity-dependent interplay between saturable and reverse-saturable absorptions along with switching of nonlinear (NL) phase is reported at 730 nm, showing the superiority of TrAg@Au in optical switching (OS). The optical limiting (OL) threshold (

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at 730 (532) nm boost their potential over benchmarked materials.
Visible to near-infrared nearly perfect absorption from alternate silica and chromium layers deposited by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Wang Jiaxin , Dong Jiannan , Cheng Yige , Xie Zhenlong , Chen Yihang
Published: August 2021

We present a novel, to the best of our knowledge, broadband and angle-insensitive nearly perfect absorber design composed of alternate silica and chromium layers. We show that by depositing a chromium nanofilm on a chromium substrate with a silica spacer, the absorption will significantly enhance from the visible to near-infrared. Then, another silica film is placed on the top of the layered structure as an antireflection coating, resulting in the broadband near-perfect absorption. We fabricate the proposed absorber by magnetron sputtering. The measured results show that our device has an average absorption over 97% in a wide range of wavelengths ranging from 350 to 1170 nm, and its absorption performance exhibits a good angular tolerance up to 50°. The presented absorber design offers a good prospect for large-scale and low-cost manufacturing of absorption-based optoelectronic devices.
The interplay between vaccination and social distancing strategies affects COVID19 population-level outcomes
Authors: Guerstein Sharon , Romeo-Aznar Victoria , Dekel Ma’ayan , Miron Oren , Davidovitch Nadav , Puzis Rami , Pilosof Shai
Published: August 2021

Social distancing is an effective population-level mitigation strategy to prevent COVID19 propagation but it does not reduce the number of susceptible individuals and bears severe social consequences—a dire situation that can be overcome with the recently developed vaccines. Although a combination of these interventions should provide greater benefits than their isolated deployment, a mechanistic understanding of the interplay between them is missing. To tackle this challenge we developed an age-structured deterministic model in which vaccines are deployed during the pandemic to individuals who do not show symptoms. The model allows for flexible and dynamic prioritization strategies with shifts between target groups. We find a strong interaction between social distancing and vaccination in their effect on the proportion of hospitalizations. In particular, prioritizing vaccines to elderly (60+) before adults (20-59) is more effective when social distancing is applied to adults or uniformly. In addition, the temporal reproductive number Rt is only affected by vaccines when deployed at sufficiently high rates and in tandem with social distancing. Finally, the same reduction in hospitalization can be achieved via different combination of strategies, giving decision makers flexibility in choosing public health policies. Our study provides insights into the factors that affect vaccination success and provides methodology to test different intervention strategies in a way that will align with ethical guidelines.
Scanning activity of elite football players in 11 vs. 11 match play: An eye-tracking analysis on the duration and visual information of scanning
Authors: Aksum Karl Marius , Brotangen Lars , Bjørndal Christian Thue , Magnaguagno Lukas , Jordet Geir
Published: August 2021

Visual perception in football (“soccer” in the U.S.) is increasingly becoming a key area of interest for researchers and practitioners. This exploratory case study investigated a sub-set of visual perception, namely visual exploratory scanning. The aim of this study was to examine the scanning of four elite football midfield players in an 11 vs. 11 real-game environment using mobile eye-tracking technology. More specifically, we measured the duration and information (number of teammates and opponents) of the players’ scanning behavior. The results showed that the players’ scanning duration was influenced by the ball context and the action undertaken with the ball at the moment of scan initiation. Furthermore, fixations were found in only 2.3% of the scans. Additionally, the results revealed that the stop point is the most information-rich part of a scan and that the players had more opponents than teammates inside their video frame during scans. Practical applications and further research recommendations are presented.