bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Operational Risk Assessment Of Ship To Ship Transfer In The FSRU Lampung Using Risk Matrix Method
Authors: Daryanto  , Maulana M A , Kurniawan F
Published: September 2020

Risk management is very important for companies in maintaining the sustainability of the company, especially in companies that have quite high operational risks, such as in PT PGNLNG Indonesia, which operates the FSRU terminal in Lampung. Risk management is a tool to protect the company from every possibility that harms the company. In the Ship to Ship (STS) activity, which is the process of berthing on an LNGC to the Lampung FSRU, LNGC will then move a number of LNG cargo to the tanks in the FSRU. This work is very risky, it will need comprehensive mitigation to be done, one of them is the Risk Matrix method. This research was conducted to determine the risk and level of risk in implementing STS in FSRU Terminal, using data on the results of risk mitigation contained in Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (IBPR). Then the data is analyzed using the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method combined with Risk Assessment for risk assessment to facilitate identification of potential hazards that might occur. From these data, 9 sources of potential hazard were obtained in STS activities, then the risk rating calculation and assessment were carried out. After the receipt rating is known, the next step is to mitigate these risks.
Failure Mode and Effect Criticality Analysis (FMECA) Fuzzy to Evaluate Critical Level on Main Engine Supporting System
Authors: Siswantoro N , Priyanta D , Zaman M B , Semin
Published: September 2020

Main engine is an important part as the prime mover on the ship. Main engine performs its functions supported by the main engine supporting system, such as: lubricating oil system, cooling system, fuel system, etc. These systems have many components that must be maintained. This is important to ensure each component works according to its function. While a failure occurs it has an impact, especially for safety. To determine the priority of maintenance on the equipment, the risk priority level method is used. In this research, the case study taken is the cooling system. Risk priority level is determined by the failure mode and effect criticality analysis (FMECA) approach based on the risk matrix of American Bureau Shipping (ABS). FMECA results are verified using the fuzzy theory simulation method. The result of ordinary FMECA ABS shows that as many as 47 failure modes in medium risk and 28 failure modes in the low risk level. However, from analysis of FMECA fuzzy there are 19 failure modes in the medium risk level and 56 failure modes in the low risk level. The use of fuzzy simulation is useful to reduce subjectivity in giving scores. Therefore, FMECA fuzzy shows a lower level of risk than ordinary FMECA ABS.
Causative Factor Analysis of Passenger Ship Accident (Fire/Explosion) in Indonesia
Authors: Mutmainnah W , Bowo L P , Nurwahyudy A , Prasetyo F A , Furusho M
Published: September 2020

Number of ship accidents in Indonesia in these two years has been increasing from 355 cases in 2018 to 409 cases in 2019. It means that, 31-32 accident occurred each month or at least 1 ship accident every day along 2018 to 2019. Among all the accidents, Passenger ship (including Passenger ship/Ferry, Ferry Ro-Ro, and High Speed Craft for Passenger) is the most common ship type with percentage up to 30% with 210 people dead/missed and 775 people wounded. It is important to look further how the passenger ship accident happen to understand what are the causative factors contributing to the accidents. National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC) in Indonesia investigated some accidents then published the report to their website and it can be re-analysed to get the causative factors. Investigation reports from NTSC provide fire/explosion cases more than other nature of accident. Thus, in this paper, the analysis focuses on the fire/explosion accidents of Passenger Ship that began in car deck. The causative factors are found using new development of MOP Model that classifying failures into 4 M (Man, Machine, Media, Management) and several categories and sub categories.
Frequency Analysis of Ship Collision and Its Impact on The Fulfillment of Supporting Facilities and Route Changes Due to Implementation of Sunda Strait TSS
Authors: Wuryaningrum N D , Handani D W , Prastyasari F I , Dinariyana AA B
Published: September 2020

The Government of Indonesia has adopted such routing measures namely Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) for the Sunda Strait and the Lombok Strait from the decision of the plenary session of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). TSS is intended to reduce the frequency of ship accidents in a certain area. This research to identify the impact of the implementation TSS in the Sunda Strait on the frequency of ship collisions. So in this research, a ship collisions frequency study was conducted for the implementation of TSS. In the process of calculating the frequency of ship collisions using the IWRAP method in the form of IWRAP MK II software, and to calculate the estimated increase in ship fuel consumption using the Trozzi method in calculating changes in shipping distance using the assistance of the Google Earth virtual program and Triangle Ball method. Based on the calculation of the frequency of ship collisions in the Sunda Strait using the IWRAP software, the results of the frequency of Head-On collisions are 0.003149 per year, Overtaking is 0.070270 per year, and Crossing is 0.079589 per year after the TSS was implemented. However, during the implementation of the TSS by the government of Indonesia, several expenses need to be made to support this TSS implementation. In the first category, the government needs to do the investment to make some new facilities such as Vessel Traffic Systems (VTS), Coast Station (SROP), Marine Aids to Navigation (SBNP) and Electronic Maps worth is IDR 82,607,950,000.00. Another aspect is seen from the shipping company’s point of view who have to spend more money due to the additional fuel consumption caused by the shipping route changes affected by TSS design is IDR 77,086,256,000.00 per year.
Passenger Ship Evacuation Analysis with Fire Risk Assessment Approach Using NFPA 551
Authors: Muradi M , Mutmainnah W
Published: September 2020

Based on ship accident data by Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC) from 2018 to 2019, there was 773 ship accidents and 21 of those accidents caused by fire, evacuation process when accident occurred is very important. When it is not working, the number of fatalities will be high. The more number of passengers, the more number fatalities if the evacuation process is not good. Evacuation failure are generally caused by trapped passengers in rooms aboard. Therefore an analysis of passenger evacuation is carried out to determine the risk level of the evacuation route has been created by the designer. The method used in this study uses a model analysis Fire Risk Assessment based on NFPA 551 with a qualitative checklist method. The analysis shows the evacuation route for this research object has not met the passenger safety criteria (SOLAS) related to the number of escape routes both primary and secondary which is lacking and inappropriate and subsequently for evacuation routes passengers pass through areas with a high level of fire risk ranking is 5, therefore re-arrangement of evacuation routes is needed to avoid areas of high fire risk or by re-arrangement of the galley location, especially on the 3rd deck.
Economic Analysis of LNG Distribution for Power Plant and City Gas in Bali
Authors: Legawa K S N , Artana K B , Pratiwi E
Published: September 2020

Indonesia is a country that contains great potential for economic development and it is also impact on increased electricity demand in Indonesia. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources stated that increasing demand for electricity in Indonesia have reached 6,9% annually. PT. PLN as the electrical company in Indonesia has designed long term strategic development of power plant to anticipate increasing demand for electricity in Indonesia as documented at “Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik” (RUPTL) PT. PLN on 2018-2027[7]. The government has plan to convert the energy that will be used in power plants to become natural gas energy for utilization of power plants in Indonesia. PT. PLN is prioritizing the power plant that will operate by using Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as the main energy. PT.PLN also want to build the new Power Plant (PLTGU) in Celukan Bawang, Bali. The power plant will have 350 MWx2 as the additional power supply to reduce deficit of electrical power in Bali. Analyzing economic indicators is an important point to determined requirement Infrastructure and distribution Natural Gas at every district in Bali. In this study MCDM (Multiple Criteria Decision Making) is applied to model and solve multiple criteria optimization problems in economic process. The AHP method is presented to compare the best alternatives route of distribution LNG, the requirement to construct mini Natural Gas filling station, economical value of the distribution, and supply-demand at every district in Bali. Payback period (PP) and Return of Investment (ROI) calculation must be considered to develop economic value and fulfil the needs at every district by establishing a new mini LNG filling station in certain locations. The result of this research is expected to provide recommendation on best LNG distribution, which will assume lowest gas price at the end user. Accordingly, this will support the program of Bali clean and green.
Supply chain performance analysis on modular construction shipbuilding
Authors: Baroroh I , Ariana I M , Dinariyana A A B
Published: September 2020

The Implementation of modular construction shipbuilding aims to accelerate ship production so that delivery time can be shortened. However, in its implementation, delay for completing and delivery the ship can still be found. The delay in delivery is influenced by the supply chain performance of the shipyard due to delays in design, material, and financial payments. This delay occurred due to the large number of sub-module and module construction works carried out in parallel. The works include hull construction, painting, outfitting and installation of equipments. This study aims to analyze the performance of the supply chain in shipyard that implementing modular construction system. In the initial stage, the study is conducted by defining the factors and parameters that affect supply chain performance in shipbuilding and determining factors that have the potential to cause delivery delays. The conceptual and technical approach is carried out by analyzing the causal relationship of the factors that have identified in the previous stage. Dominant factors that cause delays that occur in ship building are expected to find and observe using system dynamics approach.
A Preliminary Study of Breaking Waves Phenomenon on a Numerical Wave Tank
Authors: Assidiq F M , Prastianto R W , Mukhtasor
Published: September 2020

The detailed prediction of breaking waves transformation may be a main concern within the ocean structures design and development at the top of submerged flat reefs. In this preliminary analysis, phenomenon of solitary wave on the reef can be simply interpreted in two-dimensional numerical wave tank (NWT), based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A more sophisticated method, large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence model together with volume of fluid (VOF) for capturing free-surface, could clarify two-phase incompressible flow Navier-Stoke equations by finite volume approach. The other approaches have been used. Existing model results, wave generation, breaking wave, and velocity distributions, devised the validity of laboratory measurements. This set of tests desired to examine the effect of different reef configurations (reef length, reef height, incident wave height, and manning coefficient) on the solitary wave propagation. Results show that the model can contribute decent predictions of the phenomenon of breaking waves on various submerged flat reef configurations.
The Development of Fire Safety Appliances Inspection Training using Virtual Reality (VR) Technology
Authors: Pitana T , Prastowo H , Mahdali A P
Published: September 2020

Nowadays, inspection training is still in a conventional way, and the inspector should provide their time and effort to go on-site to conduct an inspection and take a risk or by face to face learning. Considering the not efficient and what is at stake, it is crucial to seek a reliable inspector. Creating competencies and skill for the professional inspector is need many experiences and training. For Conducting inspector training, an environmental simulation based on the conditions of what needs to be inspected is required. Expensive to make environmental simulations and reasons for limited space and time spent on conducting inspection training for surveyors. Virtual reality technology can be a solution to this problem because virtual reality does not become risky and do not takes many costs invested. This research will start with problem identification, data collecting, analysis phase, creating a virtual object, and Trial Phase. The deliverable of this research would be a remotely controllable virtual reality application based android operation system which is the model and design based on the container ship. The application was design with two main modes, which is Ship Tour Mode that can bring the user to explore the ship environment and see the explanation of fire fighting appliances and Inspection Mode that bring the user to finish a 15 minutes mission to find all the fire fighting appliances in the entire ship and fulfill the inspection checklist. Virtual Reality is beneficial for any sector because it can increase competencies, experience, easy access and easy to use. Based on the objective of this application, it can be concluded that the application can develop and simulate fire safety appliances inspection by making a model of the real condition of the fire safety appliances into 3D modelling and install into a virtual reality application maker. And based on the user questionnaire result, this application in the excellent category because the total value is 364 which is between 360 and 450 (maximum), which is the excellent category.
Conceptual design of dynamic positioning system for tugboat to improve safer operation in Indonesia, case study: port of Cilacap
Authors: Ariana I M , Akbar T A , Prakosa M S B , Prananda J , Tyasayumranani W
Published: September 2020

Due to increasing demand of the port activity it requires rapid operations of ship assisting and tug. Complex operations combined with challenging environmental disturbance often lead to ship accident that caused damaged to the jetty or the ship itself that also disrupt the overall port operation. On of the cause that lead such accidents is the limited capability of the tugboat to handle manoeuvre in extreme environment condition. Beside the safety of the operation are threatened this is also one factor that lead to decreased in tug operation effectiveness. This study intent to analyse the potential of dynamic positioning (DP) system used in the tugboat. Port of Cilacap used as study case due to special requirement as well as challenging location that lead in extreme condition of port operation. Two type of propulsion are used which is Azimuth and Void-Schneider propulsion. The conceptual system design is analysed by perform modelling simulation in Matlab software. Several condition of operation among the type of propulsion are assessed. The result is that DP system on tugboat could reduce the potential uncontrolled movement of the ship that lead to the accident. The analysis also proved that DP system of the ship can increase effectiveness of the operations by reducing the response time during manoeuvring.
Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) to ensure safety of maritime transportation: studies of potentials in Sunda Strait
Authors: Baldauf M , Claresta G , Nugroho T F
Published: September 2020

Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) are well established all over the globe. They become increasingly important in contributing to safety, the efficiency of maritime traffic and the protection of the marine environment. The Sunda Strait with a high traffic density in its coastal waters, serving national and international shipping, including crossing passage of the national heaviest ferry traffic, is one of the major safety concerns in Indonesia. Moreover, four accidents of ships’ collision, grounding, and fire on board have been recorded in the area from 2011-2019 as officially reported by the national safety committee (KNKT). At the same time, VTS provides valuable services to mariners. The implementation of operational standards that comply with international rules and regulations, such as IMO Resolution A.857(20), and IALA Guideline 1111, should be further developed to benefit from the broader set of VTS function. A basic marine engineering study has been done to investigate the roles of Merak VTS implemented at Sunda Strait. Spotlight empirical studies were used to collect primary qualitative data and analysis of secondary data concerning the aspects of human element, the technical and administrative work. The study revealed that the Merak VTS contributes to traffic safety and in combination with the new routeing and the mandatory ship reporting systems. Optimized procedures, advanced equipment, and well-trained VTS staff have the potentials to further improve and optimize the operation of Merak VTS.
Risk assessment due to collision between platform PHE-7 and passing vessels
Authors: Nugroho T F , Artana K B , Pratiwi E , Prastyasari F I
Published: September 2020

PHE is going to develop seven offshore platforms, one of the platform (PHE-7) is located at particular position that is considered close to access channel to several ports and other under development ports. Considering the mentioned development, a risk assessment study is necessary to ensure that the development would not cause any risk to current marine traffic as well as future traffic. The risk considered here is the collision between platform PHE-7 with vessels operated in that area. This study is aimed to perform risk assessment due to collision between platform PHE-7 and ships and to recommend mitigation should the risk is unacceptable. Three types of collision were developed here were head-on (powered passing vessel) collision, drifting vessel collusion, and visiting vessel collision. Each type of collision was then assessed using three main scenarios: by maintaining position of Buoy No.1 and Buoy No.3, by shifting position of Buoy No. 1 and Buoy No.3 (to align with the position of MPMT) and by combining those two scenarios. The collision risk assessment found that risk due to collision vessel-platform is in acceptable condition.
Microstructural characteristics of plasma-sprayed MCrAlY/Al2O3-13 wt.%TiO2 coating prepared by induction heating-assisted laser remelting
Authors: Zhang Peipei , Wang Dongsheng
Published: September 2020

The plasma-sprayed MCrAlY/Al2O3-13 wt.%TiO2 double-layer coating was treated using conventional laser remelting and induction heating-assisted laser remelting technologies to investigate the influence of laser remelting on the coating’s microstructure. The microstructural and interface characteristics of the different coatings were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and x-ray diffractometry. Results showed that the Al2O3-13 wt.%TiO2 ceramic coating and MCrAlY bond coating of plasma-sprayed samples are typical lamellar structures with high porosity and that the nanostructural ceramic coating consists of fully melting and partially melting zones. A fine equiaxed grain remelting region is formed at the surface of the conventional laser-remelted ceramic coating. However, residual plasma-sprayed state is formed at the bottom of the ceramic coating. The microstructures at the bottom of the ceramic and bond coating are similar to the as-sprayed coating, but the compactness is somehow elevated. After induction heating-assisted laser remelting, the whole ceramic coating and bond coating are remelted, and compact structures are formed. Mechanical bonding occurs at the ceramic coating/bond coating interface and bond coating/substrate interface in the original as-sprayed coating. Through conventional laser remelting, mechanical bonding is the main bonding form on the specimen interface. Meanwhile, a certain degree of metallurgical bonding also exists. After induction heating-assisted laser remelting, the interface is completely transformed into metallurgical bonding. The conventional laser remelting can only strengthen the surface ceramic coating, but induction heating-assisted laser remelting can strengthen the surface ceramic layer and metal bond coating.
Recent advances in the role of the adenosinergic system in coronary artery disease
Authors: Paganelli Franck , Gaudry Marine , Ruf Jean , Guieu Régis
Published: September 2020

Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that plays a major role in the physiology and physiopathology of the coronary artery system, mainly by activating its A2A receptors (A2AR). Adenosine is released by myocardial, endothelial, and immune cells during hypoxia, ischaemia, or inflammation, each condition being present in coronary artery disease (CAD). While activation of A2AR improves coronary blood circulation and leads to anti-inflammatory effects, down-regulation of A2AR has many deleterious effects during CAD. A decrease in the level and/or activity of A2AR leads to: (i) lack of vasodilation, which decreases blood flow, leading to a decrease in myocardial oxygenation and tissue hypoxia; (ii) an increase in the immune response, favouring inflammation; and (iii) platelet aggregation, which therefore participates, in part, in the formation of a fibrin-platelet thrombus after the rupture or erosion of the plaque, leading to the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome. Inflammation contributes to the development of atherosclerosis, leading to myocardial ischaemia, which in turn leads to tissue hypoxia. Therefore, a vicious circle is created that maintains and aggravates CAD. In some cases, studying the adenosinergic profile can help assess the severity of CAD. In fact, inducible ischaemia in CAD patients, as assessed by exercise stress test or fractional flow reserve, is associated with the presence of a reserve of A2AR called spare receptors. The purpose of this review is to present emerging experimental evidence supporting the existence of this adaptive adenosinergic response to ischaemia or inflammation in CAD. We believe that we have achieved a breakthrough in the understanding and modelling of spare A2AR, based upon a new concept allowing for a new and non-invasive CAD management.
Training, competence, and quality improvement in echocardiography: the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging Recommendations: update 2020
Authors: Popescu (Chair) Bogdan A , Stefanidis Alexandros , Fox Kevin F , Cosyns Bernard , Delgado Victoria , Di Salvo Giovanni Di , Donal Erwan , Flachskampf Frank A , Galderisi Maurizio , Lancellotti Patrizio , Muraru Denisa , Sade Leyla Elif , Edvardsen Thor ,   Reviewers: This document was reviewed by members of the 2018–2020 EACVI Scientific Documents Committee: Philippe Bertrand, Marc Dweck, Bernhard Gerber, Ivan Stankovic
Published: September 2020

The primary mission of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) is ‘to promote excellence in clinical diagnosis, research, technical development, and education in cardiovascular imaging’. Echocardiography is a key component in the evaluation of patients with known or suspected cardiovascular disease and is essential for the high quality and effective practice of clinical cardiology. The EACVI aims to update the previously published recommendations for training, competence, and quality improvement in echocardiography since these activities are increasingly recognized by patients, physicians, and payers. The purpose of this document is to provide the general requirements for training and competence in echocardiography, to outline the principles of quality evaluation, and to recommend a set of measures for improvement, with the ultimate goal of raising the standards of echocardiographic practice. Moreover, the document aims to provide specific guidance for advanced echo techniques, which have dramatically evolved since the previous publication in 2009.
Atrial fibrillation patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: dual or triple antithrombotic therapy with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants
Authors: Goette Andreas , Vranckx Pascal
Published: September 2020

About 20% of all atrial fibrillation (AF) patients develop coronary artery disease, which requires coronary stenting [percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)]. Thus, this subcohort of AF patients may require aggressive antithrombotic therapy encompassing vitamin K antagonist (VKA) or non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC) plus aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor. At present, four clinical Phase IIIb trials using dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, or edoxaban, were published. These studies assessed the impact of NOACs as a part of DAT therapy vs. triple therapy. Compared with triple therapy, NOAC-based DAT has been shown to be associated with reduced major bleeding as well as intracranial haemorrhages. The benefit, however, is somewhat counterbalanced by a higher risk of stent-related ischaemia during the early phase of dual therapy. Thus, triple therapy after stenting is appropriate for at least 14 days with a maximum of 30 days. Thereafter, DAT including a NOAC is the therapy of choice in AF PCI patients to reduce the risk of bleeding during a 1 year of follow-up compared to VKA-based regimes. The present review summarizes the published study results and demonstrates differences in trial design and reported outcomes.
Obtaining nasal and rectal swabs from general practice patients to assess carriage of antibiotic resistant microorganisms: a feasibility study
Authors: Honsbeek Maaike , Tjon-A-Tsien Aimée , Omeragic Emina , Stobberingh Ellen , van Oorschot Wilbert , Vos Margreet , Richardus Jan Hendrik , Voeten Hélène
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of obtaining nasal and rectal swabs from general practice patients for measuring carriage of antibiotic resistant microorganisms in an area in Rotterdam (the Netherlands) with low socioeconomic status and a large immigrant population.

Methods

Data collection was from May to December 2017, in one general practice in Rotterdam. We asked adults (≥18 years) visiting the general practitioner (GP) with complaints not related to infections for one nasal and two rectal swabs and tested these for highly resistant microorganisms (HRMOs). Indicators for feasibility were recruitment rate, implementation and acceptation of data collection procedures by the participants.

Results

We obtained a nasal swab from all included 234 patients and 164 (70%) also gave rectal swabs. On average, 3 out of 30 invited patients (10%) were recruited per day. The GPs considered the workload high to inform and refer to eligible patients for the study and did this inconsistently. Most participants experienced the rectal swab procedure as burdensome and preferred assistance of a medical assistant above self-swabbing. A monetary incentive increased the willingness to provide rectal swabs.

Conclusions

Obtaining (nasal and) rectal swabs from general practice patients for study purposes proved difficult. Lessons learnt from this feasibility study will help increase participation in HRMO prevalence studies among asymptomatic general practice patients.
The Feasibility and Acceptability of an Intergenerational, Web-Based Intervention to Enhance Later-Life Family Care Planning
Authors: Kozlov Elissa , McDarby Meghan , Duberstein Paul , Carpenter Brian D
Published: September 2020

Background and Objectives

Adult children collaborate with older parents on care needs, yet later-life families are often uncertain about how to approach these conversations. Using the McMaster Model of Family Functioning as a framework, we developed a web-based tool for later-life families to enhance communication, knowledge, and problem solving around parent preferences for care.

Research Design and Methods

Participants were older adult parents aged 65+ and at least one of their adult children. Families answered questions about the parent’s care preferences via a web-based survey. Responses were aggregated in a tailored PDF that was distributed to each participant. Descriptive statistics were calculated to examine recruitment, retention, and satisfaction with the program. Repeated measures analyses of variance were calculated to determine preliminary efficacy of the intervention.

Results

This study included 142 participants across 49 families (n = 49 older adult parents, n = 93 adult children). Of them, 75.4% completed all three phases of the study while 18.3% completed two phases and 6.3% completed only one phase. Seventy-four percent of participants reported being satisfied or very satisfied with the intervention. At baseline, most families were modestly incongruent in their ratings of future care preferences. Participants reported increased conversations about care across the course of the study (F(1.71,179.32) = 42.18, p < .001).

Discussion and Implications

This study demonstrated that a web-based intervention to enhance intergenerational communication is feasible, acceptable, and has preliminary efficacy to improve intergenerational communication. Despite recruitment challenges, similarly designed web-based resources may improve accessibility and scalability of intergenerational communication-enhancing interventions.
Machado: Open source genomics data integration framework
Authors: Mudadu Mauricio de Alvarenga , Zerlotini Adhemar
Published: September 2020

Background

Genome projects and multiomics experiments generate huge volumes of data that must be stored, mined, and transformed into useful knowledge. All this information is supposed to be accessible and, if possible, browsable afterwards. Computational biologists have been dealing with this scenario for more than a decade and have been implementing software and databases to meet this challenge. The GMOD's (Generic Model Organism Database) biological relational database schema, known as Chado, is one of the few successful open source initiatives; it is widely adopted and many software packages are able to connect to it.

Findings

We have been developing an open source software package named Machado, a genomics data integration framework implemented in Python, to enable research groups to both store and visualize genomics data. The framework relies on the Chado database schema and, therefore, should be very intuitive for current developers to adopt it or have it running on top of already existing databases. It has several data-loading tools for genomics and transcriptomics data and also for annotation results from tools such as BLAST, InterproScan, OrthoMCL, and LSTrAP. There is an API to connect to JBrowse, and a web visualization tool is implemented using Django Views and Templates. The Haystack library integrated with the ElasticSearch engine was used to implement a Google-like search, i.e., single auto-complete search box that provides fast results and filters.

Conclusion

Machado aims to be a modern object-relational framework that uses the latest Python libraries to produce an effective open source resource for genomics research.
Simultaneous inversion for crustal thickness and anisotropy by multiphase splitting analysis of receiver functions
Authors: Link Frederik , Rümpker Georg , Kaviani Ayoub
Published: September 2020

We present a technique to derive robust estimates for the crustal thickness and elastic properties, including anisotropy, from shear wave splitting of converted phases in receiver functions. We combine stacking procedures with a correction scheme for the splitting effect of the crustal converted Ps-phase and its first reverberation, the PpPs-phase, where we also allow for a predefined dipping Moho. The incorporation of two phases stabilizes the analysis procedure and allows to simultaneously solve for the crustal thickness, the ratio of average P- to S-wave velocities, the percentage of anisotropy and the fast-axis direction. The stacking is based on arrival times and polarizations computed using a ray-based algorithm. Synthetic tests show the robustness of the technique and its applicability to tectonic settings where dip of the Moho is significant. These tests also demonstrate that the effects of a dipping layer boundary may overprint a possible anisotropic signature. To constrain the uncertainty of our results we perform statistical tests based on a bootstrapping approach. We distinguish between different model classes by comparing the coherency of the stacked amplitudes after moveout correction. We apply the new technique to real-data examples from different tectonic regimes and show that coherency of the stacked receiver functions can be improved, when anisotropy and a dipping Moho are included in the analysis. The examples underline the advantages of statistical analyses when dealing with stacking procedures and potentially ambiguous solutions.
Concentrate Questions and Answers EU Law
Authors: Foster Nigel
Published: September 2020

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offer the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, bullet-pointed answer plans and suggested answers, author commentary, and illustrative diagrams and flowcharts. Concentrate Q&A EU Law looks at a wide range of up-to-date issues relating to EU law, starting with the origins, institutions, and development of the EU communities and the legislative processes. Chapters then look at the sources and forms of EU law, supremacy of EU law, and the reception of the law in the EU Member States. The chapter on Supremacy will also consider Brexit, but the extent to which that will be covered will be determined by just how far the exit negotiations have themselves progressed. The Court of Justice has a chapter devoted to it. The book then considers the free movement of goods and persons. Finally, the text turns to competition and merger law and sex discrimination and equality law.
Concentrate Questions and Answers Land Law
Authors: Malcolm Rosalind
Published: September 2020

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offers the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, bullet-pointed answer plans, suggested answers, and author commentary. This book offers advice on what to expect in exams and how best to prepare. The book also includes separate chapters on skills for success in both exams and in coursework assessments. The book is designed to provide support in understanding the process for achieving success in exams from initial study skills to a commentary on why the answers have been designed in certain ways.
Concentrate Questions and Answers Public Law
Authors: Clements Richard
Published: September 2020

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offers the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each chapter includes typical questions, diagram problem and essay answer plans, suggested answers, notes of caution, tips on obtaining extra marks, key debates on each topic, and suggestions on further reading. Q&A Public Law covers a wide range of issues relating to Public Law. The first chapter offers an introduction to the subject, with particular emphasis on exams. The twelfth chapter contains advice on coursework. This is followed by an examination of constitutions in terms of the nature and sources of the UK constitution, the rule of law, and the separation of powers. The text moves on to look at the royal prerogative, Parliament, and parliamentary sovereignty. Next the book considers the Human Rights Act 1998, followed by chapters looking at freedom to protest, police powers, and freedom of expression. Finally, the book considers administrative law and judicial review.
EU Law Concentrate
Authors: Homewood Matthew J.
Published: September 2020

Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. EU Law Concentrate provides essential information on all aspects of EU law, starting with the origins, institutions, and sources of law in the EU. It then moves on to consider supremacy, direct and indirect effect, and state liability. Chapter 4 looks at direct actions in the Court of Justice of the European Union. Articles 258–260, 263, 265, 277, and 340 are examined in detail. The next few chapters describe the free movement of goods, persons, and the freedom of establishment and freedom to provide (and receive) services. The book ends with a consideration of EU competition law, in particular Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).
Land Law Concentrate
Authors: Sayles Victoria
Published: September 2020

Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. Land Law Concentrate covers the fundamental principles of this area of law and helps the reader to succeed in exams. The book starts by looking at proprietary rights. It goes on to distinguish between legal and equitable rights. It also looks at registered land, unregistered land, the freehold estate, the leasehold estate, and leasehold covenants. It also examines trusts of land, co-ownership, licences, proprietary estoppel, easements and profits, freehold covenants, and mortgages. This edition has been updated to include: recent developments in the law, including new cases such as Wood v Waddington, Scott v Southern Pacific Mortgages Ltd, Southwood Housing Co-operative Ltd v Walker and others, Fred Perry v Genis, Yeung v Patel, and new ‘Looking for extra marks?’ features.
Tumor-on-a-chip platform to interrogate the role of macrophages in tumor progression
Authors: Bi Ye , Shirure Venktesh S , Liu Ruiyang , Cunningham Cassandra , Ding Li , Meacham J Mark , Goedegebuure S Peter , George Steven C , Fields Ryan C
Published: September 2020

Tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, in particular macrophages, play an important role in tumor behavior and clinical outcome. The spectrum of macrophage subtypes ranges from antitumor ‘M1’-type to protumor ‘M2’-type macrophages. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) typically display phenotypic features of both M1 and M2, and the population distribution is thought to be dynamic and evolves as the tumor progresses. However, our understanding of how TAMs impact the tumor microenvironment remains limited by the lack of appropriate 3D in vitro models that can capture cell–cell dynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution. Using our recently developed microphysiological ‘tumor-on-a-chip’ (TOC) device, we present here our findings on the impact of defined macrophage subsets on tumor behavior. The TOC device design contains three adjacent and connected chambers in which both the upper and lower chambers are loaded with tumor cells, whereas the central chamber contains a dynamic, perfused, living microvascular network. Introduction of human pancreatic or colorectal cancer cells together with M1-polarized macrophages significantly inhibited tumor growth and tumor-induced angiogenesis. Protein analysis and antibody-based neutralization studies confirmed that these effects were mediated through production of C-X-C motif chemokines (CXCL9), CXCL10 and CXCL11. By contrast, M2-macrophages mediated increased tumor cell migration into the vascularized chamber and did not inhibit tumor growth or angiogenesis. In fact, single-cell RNA sequencing showed that M2 macrophages further segregated endothelial cells into two distinct subsets, corresponding to static cells in vessels versus active cells involved in angiogenesis. The impact of M2 macrophages was mediated mostly by production of matrix metalloproteinase 7 and angiopoietin 2. In summary, our data demonstrate the utility of the TOC device to mechanistically probe biological questions in a 3D in vitro microenvironment.
Effect of Visual Design on the Evaluation of Technology- vs. Design-Based Novel Interactive Products
Authors: Eytam Eleanor
Published: September 2020

Novel product evaluations are challenging in that they occur under pre-use conditions in which users cannot rely on their past experiences with the product to determine its quality. The reported study explores the effects of innovation type and design simplicity level on novel interactive product evaluations. The results show that the type of innovation interacts with the visual simplicity level and affects one’s judgment about a product’s instrumental attributes, namely, its ease of use and functionality. While technology-based novel products are judged to be more innovative and more creative compared to design-based novel products when the designs are relatively simple, this trend shifts for complex designs where there is no significant difference between judgments of the two types of products. Finally, while innovativeness is a salient predictor for preference variance regardless of innovation type and design visual simplicity level, creativity is a predictor for preference variance of design-based innovation, when the design is relatively simple.
Pasture intensification in beef cattle production can affect methane emission intensity
Authors: Sakamoto Leandro S , Berndt Alexandre , Pedroso André de F , Lemes Amanda P , Azenha Mariana V , Alves Teresa C , Rodrigues Paulo H M , Corte Rosana R , Leme Paulo R , Oliveira Patrícia P A
Published: September 2020

Increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from anthropogenic activities have contributed to global warming and consequently to climate change. Among all sources of emissions, the agricultural sector accounts for just under a quarter, mainly because of the intensification of food production systems necessary to supply the growing demand of the population. As ruminal fermentation is the largest source of methane emission in the livestock industry, emission by cattle has become the focus of studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate enteric methane emission and emission intensities of Nellore cattle at different ages submitted to levels of intensification of the grazing system. Twenty-four animals per cycle (age of 21.8 and 13.1 mo in cycles 1 and 2, respectively) were randomly distributed across different grazing systems: irrigated pasture with a high stocking rate (IHS), dryland pasture with a high stocking rate (DHS), recovering dryland pasture with a moderate stocking rate (DMS), and degraded pasture with a low stocking rate (DP). Methane emission was measured using the sulfur hexafluoride technique in each season of the cycle. Intensive systems provided higher yields of good-quality forage as well as superior animal performance when compared with DP. Methane yields were different between seasons and cycles. Methane emissions per average daily weight gain and dry matter digestible intake were different between treatments. Differences in the results were observed when they were analyzed per hectare, with the highest gain yield (P = 0.0134), stocking rate, weight gain, carcass production, and total methane emission (P < 0.0001) being found for the intensive systems. There were no differences in emissions per weight gain or carcass production between production systems, while a difference was observed between cycles (P = 0.0189 and P = 0.0255, respectively), resulting in lower emission intensities for younger animals. We conclude that more intensive systems resulted in a higher kilograms production of carcass per hectare; however, animals at 19 mo of age raised in the IHS and DMS systems had a lower emission intensity in kilogram of CO2-eq. per kilogram of carcass. Moderate intensification (DMS) using animals at about 19 mo of age might be an effective strategy to mitigate GHG emissions from Brazilian tropical pastures. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship between increasing productivity and decreasing environmental impacts, especially methane emission from ruminants.
pH-mediated control of anti-aggregation activities of cyanobacterial and E. coli chaperonin GroELs
Authors: Akter Tahmina , Nakamoto Hitoshi
Published: September 2020

In contrast to Escherichia coli, cyanobacteria have multiple GroELs, the bacterial homologues of chaperonin/Hsp60. We have shown that cyanobacterial GroELs are mutually distinct and different from E. coli GroEL with which the paradigm for chaperonin structure/function has been established. However, little is known about regulation of cyanobacterial GroELs. This study investigated effect of pH (varied from 7.0 to 8.5) on chaperone activity of GroEL1 and GroEL2 from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 and E. coli GroEL. GroEL1 and GroEL2 showed pH dependency in suppression of aggregation of heat-denatured malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase. They exhibited higher anti-aggregation activity at more alkaline pHs. Escherichia coli GroEL showed a similar pH-dependence in suppressing aggregation of heat-denatured lactate dehydrogenase. No pH dependence was observed in all the GroELs when urea-denatured lactate dehydrogenase was used for anti-aggregation assay, suggesting that the pH-dependence is related to some denatured structures. There was no significant influence of pH on the chaperone activity of all the GroELs to promote refolding of heat-denatured malate dehydrogenase. It is known that pH in cyanobacterial cytoplasm increases by one pH unit following a shift from darkness to light, suggesting that the pH-change modulates chaperone activity of cyanobacterial GroEL1 and GroEL2.
Mechanisms of Cerebral Microbleeds
Authors: Wadi Lara C , Grigoryan Mher Mahoney , Kim Ronald C , Fang Chuo , Kim Jeffrey , Corrada María M , Paganini-Hill Annlia , Fisher Mark J
Published: September 2020

Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) are a common MRI finding, representing underlying cerebral microhemorrhages (CMH). The etiology of CMB and microhemorrhages is obscure. We conducted a pathological investigation of CMH, combining standard and immunohistological analyses of postmortem human brains. We analyzed 5 brain regions (middle frontal gyrus, occipital pole, rostral cingulate cortex, caudal cingulate cortex, and basal ganglia) of 76 brain bank subjects (mean age ± SE 90 ± 1.4 years). Prussian blue positivity, used as an index of CMH, was subjected to quantitative analysis for all 5 brain regions. Brains from the top and bottom quartiles (n = 19 each) were compared for quantitative immunohistological findings of smooth muscle actin, claudin-5, and fibrinogen, and for Sclerosis Index (SI) (a measure of arteriolar remodeling). Brains in the top quartile (i.e. with most extensive CMH) had significantly higher SI in the 5 brain regions combined (0.379 ± 0.007 vs 0.355 ± 0.008; p < 0.05). These findings indicate significant coexistence of arteriolar remodeling with CMH. While these findings provide clues to mechanisms of microhemorrhage development, further studies of experimental neuropathology are needed to determine causal relationships.