bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Long-Term Hearing Loss Progression After Recovery From Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Early Samuel , van der Valk Jens C. , Frijns Johan H. M. , Stankovic Konstantina M.
Published: December 2021

Background and Introduction: Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is characterized by rapid onset, typically unilateral presentation, and variable recovery. This case-control observational study aimed to improve patient counseling by objectively characterizing long-term hearing loss progression following ISSNHL, using sequential audiometry in the largest-to-date cohort of patients with ISSNHL.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with ISSNHL at a tertiary referral hospital from 1994 through 2018 with sequential audiometry were studied. Case controls with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) were matched by age, sex, baseline hearing status, and frequency of sequential audiometry. Hearing loss progression was quantified using Kaplan–Meier (K–M) analysis to account for variable follow-up duration. A subgroup analysis was performed by age, sex, preexisting comorbidities, ISSNHL-associated symptoms, ISSNHL treatment, and degree of post-ISSNHL hearing recovery.

Results: A total of 660 patients were identified with ISSNHL. In patients with post-ISSNHL recovery to good hearing [pure tone average (PTA) <30 dB and word recognition score (WRS) > 70%], median time to progression to non-serviceable (PTA > 50 dB or WRS <50%) SNHL was 16.4 years. In patients with incomplete post-ISSNHL hearing recovery, contralateral ears were also at significantly higher risk of SNHL progression over the following 12-year period. Male sex was associated with increased risk of SNHL progression [odds ratio (OR) 3.45 male vs. female] at 5-year follow up. No other subgroup factors influenced the likelihood of SNHL progression.

Discussion and Conclusion: Patients should be counseled on continued risk to long-term hearing after stabilization of hearing post-ISSNHL, with particular emphasis on greater risk to the contralateral ear in those with incomplete ipsilateral recovery.
Surgical Decision-Making for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Patient Experiences of the Informed Consent Process
Authors: Dewar Sandra R. , Pieters Huibrie C. , Fried Itzhak
Published: December 2021

Background: Surgical resection is frequently the recommended treatment for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), yet many factors play a role in patients' perceptions of brain surgery that ultimately impact decision-making. The purpose of the current study was to explore how people with epilepsy, in their own words, experienced the overall process of consenting to surgery for drug-resistant TLE.

Methods and Materials: Data was drawn from in-person, semi-structured interviews of 19 adults with drug-resistant TLE eligible to undergo epilepsy surgery. A systematic thematic analysis was performed to code, sort and compare participant responses. The mean age of these 12 (63%) women and seven (37%) men was 37.6 years (18–68 years), with average duration of epilepsy of 13 years (2–30 years).

Results: Meeting the neurosurgeon and consenting to surgery represented an important treatment milestone across a prolonged treatment trajectory. Four themes were identified: (1) Understanding the language of risk; (2) Overcoming risk; (3) Family-centered, shared decision-making, and (4) Building decisional-confidence.

Conclusion: Despite living with the restrictions of chronic uncontrolled seizures, considering an elective brain procedure raised unique and complex questions. Personal beliefs and expectations related to treatment outcomes influenced how the consent process was ultimately experienced. Decisions to pursue surgery had frequently been made ahead of meeting the surgeon, with many describing the act of signing as personally empowering. Overall, satisfaction was expressed with the information provided during the surgical visit, despite later inaccurate recall of the facts. These findings support the resultant recommendation that the practice of informed consent be conceptualized as a systematic, structured interdisciplinary process which occurs over time and encompasses three stages: preparation, signing and follow-up after signing.
Effects of Synergism of Mindfulness Practice Associated With Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation in Chronic Migraine: Pilot, Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Pimenta Luana Dias Santiago , de Araújo Elidianne Layanne Medeiros , Silva Joyce Poláine dos Santos , França Jamyson Júnior , Brito Pedro Nascimento Araújo , de Holanda Ledycnarf Januário , Lindquist Ana Raquel , Lopez Luiz Carlos Serramo , Andrade Suellen Marinho
Published: December 2021

Chronic migraine is a difficult disease to diagnose, and its pathophysiology remains undefined. Its symptoms affect the quality of life and daily living tasks of the affected person, leading to momentary disability. This is a pilot, randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial study with female patients between 18 and 65 years old with chronic migraine. The patients underwent twelve mindfulness sessions paired with anodal transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), with current intensity of 2 mA applied for 20 min, three times a week for 4 weeks. In addition, 20 min of mindfulness home practices were performed by guided meditation audio files. A total of 30 participants were evaluated after the treatment, and these were subdivided into two groups—active tDCS and sham tDCS, both set to mindfulness practice. The FFMQ-BR (Five Facet of Mindfulness Questionnaire), MIDAS (Migraine Disability Assessment), and HIT-6 (Headache Impact Test) questionnaires were used to evaluate the outcomes. After the treatment, the active mindfulness and tDCS group showed better results in all outcomes. The sham group also showed improvements, but with smaller effect sizes compared to the active group. The only significant difference in the intergroup analysis was the outcome evaluated by HIT-6 in the post treatment result. Our results provide the first therapeutic evidence of mindfulness practices associated with left DLPFC anodal tDCS with a consequent increase in the level of full attention and analgesic benefits in the clinical symptoms of patients with chronic migraine.
Involvement of Calcium-Dependent Pathway and β Subunit-Interaction in Neuronal Migration and Callosal Projection Deficits Caused by the Cav1.2 I1166T Mutation in Developing Mouse Neocortex
Authors: Nakagawa-Tamagawa Nao , Kirino Emi , Sugao Kohtaroh , Nagata Hidetaka , Tagawa Yoshiaki
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Gain-of-function mutations in the L-type Ca2+ channel Cav1.2 cause Timothy syndrome (TS), a multisystem disorder associated with neurologic symptoms, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), seizures, and intellectual disability. Cav1.2 plays key roles in neural development, and its mutation can affect brain development and connectivity through Ca2+-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Recently, a gain-of-function mutation, I1166T, in Cav1.2 was identified in patients with TS-like disorder. Its channel properties have been analyzed in vitro but in vivo effects of this mutation on brain development remain unexplored.

Methods:In utero electroporation was performed on ICR mice at embryonic day 15 to express GFP, wild-type, and mutant Cav1.2 channels into cortical layer 2/3 excitatory neurons in the primary somatosensory area. The brain was fixed at postnatal days 14–16, sliced, and scanned using confocal microscopy. Neuronal migration of electroporated neurons was examined in the cortex of the electroporated hemisphere, and callosal projection was examined in the white matter and contralateral hemisphere.

Results: Expression of the I1166T mutant in layer 2/3 neurons caused migration deficits in approximately 20% of electroporated neurons and almost completely diminished axonal arborization in the contralateral hemisphere. Axonal projection in the white matter was not affected. We introduced second mutations onto Cav1.2 I1166T; L745P mutation blocks Ca2+ influx through Cav1.2 channels and inhibits the Ca2+-dependent pathway, and the W440A mutation blocks the interaction of the Cav1.2 α1 subunit to the β subunit. Both second mutations recovered migration and projection.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the Cav1.2 I1166T mutation could affect two critical steps during cerebrocortical development, migration and axonal projection, in the mouse brain. This is mediated through Ca2+-dependent pathway downstream of Cav1.2 and β subunit-interaction.
Tumor Microenvironment of Lymphomas and Plasma Cell Neoplasms: Broad Overview and Impact on Evaluation for Immune Based Therapies
Authors: Perincheri Sudhir
Published: December 2021

Lymphomas and plasma cell neoplasms are a heterogenous group of malignancies derived from lymphocytes. They are a significant cause of patient morbidity and mortality. Advances in morphologic, immunophenotypic and molecular techniques have led to better understanding of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of these neoplasms. Advances in treatment, particularly immune-based therapies, increasingly allow for targeted therapies of these diseases. Mechanistic studies using animal models and clinical trials have revealed the importance of the tumor microenvironment on disease pathogenesis, progression, and response to therapy in these malignancies. Simultaneous progress in diagnostic techniques has made it feasible to generate high-resolution, high-throughput data from the tumor microenvironment with spatial context. As the armamentarium of targeted therapies and diagnostic techniques grows, there is potential to harness these advances to better stratify patients for targeted therapies, including immune-based therapies, in hematologic malignancies.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Univentricular Patients From Birth to Follow-Up After Fontan—Predicting Lymphatic Abnormalities
Authors: Moosmann Julia , Schroeder Christian , Cesnjevar Robert , Rottermann Kathrin , Weigelt Annika , Dittrich Sven
Published: December 2021

Background: Reliable laboratory parameters identifying complications after Fontan surgery including the lymphatic abnormalities and the development of protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) are rare. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocte ratio (PLR) are inflammatory markers and have been studied to predict outcome and prognosis in various diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate NLR and PLR from birth to follow-up after Fontan and evaluate their use as prognostic parameters for single ventricle patients regarding the development of lymphatic malformations during follow-up.

Materials and Methods: Sixty-six univentricular patients who underwent Fontan surgery and had 6-month follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with T2 weighted lymphatic imaging after total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) surgery were included in the study. NLR and PLR were determined at specific time points, from neonatal age to follow-up after Fontan operation and correlated to data from the MRI 6 months after Fontan.

Results: NLR and PLR increase significantly over time from the first surgery during infancy to the follow-up after Fontan (both p < 0.0001), with a significant increase after the Glenn surgery for both ratios (each p < 0.0001). Higher NLR (p = 0.002) and higher PLR (p = 0.004) correlated with higher-grade classification of lymphatic abnormalities in T2-weighted imaging 6 months after Fontan surgery and higher NLR correlated with higher transpulmonary gradient prior to Fontan surgery (p = 0.035) Both ratios showed a significant correlation to total protein at follow-up (NLR p = 0.0038; PLR<0.0001).

Conclusion: Increased NLR and PLR correlate with higher degree lymphatic malformations after TCPC and therefore might contribute as valuable additional biomarker during follow-up after TCPC. NLR and PLR are simple, inexpensive and easily available parameters to complement diagnostics after TCPC.
Comparative Efficacy of Pharmacotherapy for Macular Edema Secondary to Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Sheng , Zhang Yun , Li Xun , Ge Ge , Duan Jianan , Lei Chunyan , Zeng Yue , Cai Zhaolun , Zhang Meixia
Published: December 2021

Purpose: This network meta-analysis was conducted to obtain the relative effectiveness of different pharmacotherapy of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) by summarizing all available evidences.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for all relevant randomized controlled trials. The outcomes were estimated through a network meta-analysis, including the mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline, the proportion of patients who gained ≥15 letters in BCVA from baseline, the mean change in central retinal thickness (CRT).

Results: We identified 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 3,431 patients with RVO in our study. Different therapeutic regimens were compared including three anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents (ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and aflibercept), ranibizumab with laser, dexamethasone intravitreal implant, and laser. For branch RVO, ranibizumab 0.5 mg monthly [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 11, 95% confidence intervals (CrI) 3.6 to 19], ranibizumab 0.5 mg 3 + pro re nata (WMD = 9.4, 95% CrI 0.43–18) is most effective in terms of changes of BCVA and 15 letters or more of BCVA improvement. For central RVO, three anti-VEGF regimens can improve visual acuity and there is no significant difference of efficacy among ranibizumab, bevacizumab and aflibercept (p > 0.05). Ranibizumab 0.5 mg monthly could achieve additional efficacy in CRT reduction in eyes with branch RVO or central RVO (WMD = -130, 95% CrI -400 to 140 or WMD = -280, 95% CrI -590 to 16)). Dexamethasone intravitreal implant (WMD = 1.7, 95% CrI -4.2 to 7.1 or WMD = 0.38, 95% CrI -9.8 to 8.8)) did not show a significant improvement in visual acuity at the end of 6 months follow-up in eyes with branch RVO or central RVO.

Conclusion: In summary, this network meta-analysis demonstrated several anti-VEGF agents had equivalent effects on mean visual acuity changes and anatomical recovery in 6 months in eyes with branch or central RVO. Only one injection of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in 6 months could not maintain the visual benefit. Patients and clinicians could choose pharmacotherapies with further consideration toward personal factors.
Impact of Maximizing Css/MIC Ratio on Efficacy of Continuous Infusion Meropenem Against Documented Gram-Negative Infections in Critically Ill Patients and Population Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis to Support Treatment Optimization
Authors: Cojutti Pier Giorgio , Gatti Milo , Rinaldi Matteo , Tonetti Tommaso , Laici Cristiana , Mega Chiara , Siniscalchi Antonio , Giannella Maddalena , Viale Pierluigi , Pea Federico
Published: December 2021

Introduction: optimal treatment of Gram-negative infections in critically ill patients is challenged by changing pathophysiological conditions, reduced antimicrobial susceptibility and limited therapeutic options. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of maximizing Css/MIC ratio on efficacy of continuous infusion (CI) meropenem in treating documented Gram-negative infections in critically ill patients and to perform a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis to support treatment optimization.

Materials and Methods: Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was used to identify whether a cutoff of steady-state meropenem concentration (Css)-to-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (Css/MIC) ratio correlated with favorable clinical outcome. A non-parametric approach with Pmetrics was used for pharmacokinetic analysis and covariate evaluation. The probability of target attainment (PTA) of the identified Css/MIC ratio was calculated by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Cumulative fraction of response (CFRs) were calculated against common Enterobacterales, P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii as well.

Results: a total of 74 patients with 183 meropenem Css were included. CART analysis identified a Css/MIC ratio ≥4.63 as cutoff value significantly associated with favorable clinical outcomes. Multivariate regression analysis confirmed the association [OR (95%CI): 20.440 (2.063–202.522); p < 0.01]. Creatinine clearance (CLCR) was the only covariate associated with meropenem clearance. Monte Carlo simulations showed that, across different classes of renal function, dosages of meropenem ranging between 0.5 and 2 g q6h over 6 h (namely by CI) may grant PTAs of Css/MIC ratios ≥4.63 against susceptible pathogens with an MIC up to the EUCAST clinical breakpoint of 2 mg/L. The CFRs achievable with these dosages were very high (>90%) against Enterobacterales across all the classes of renal function and against P. aeruginosa among patients with CLCR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2, and quite lower against A. baumannii.

Discussion: our findings suggest that Css/MIC ratio ≥4.63 may be considered the pharmacodynamic target useful at maximizing the efficacy of CI meropenem in the treatment of Gram-negative infections in critically ill patients. Dosages ranging between 0.5 g q6h and 2 g q6h by CI may maximize the probability of favorable clinical outcome against meropenem-susceptible Gram-negative pathogens among critically ill patients having different degrees of renal function.
Omadacycline Potentiates Clarithromycin Activity Against Mycobacterium abscessus
Authors: Bich Hanh Bui Thi , Quang Nguyen Thanh , Park Yujin , Heo Bo Eun , Jeon Seunghyeon , Park June-Woo , Jang Jichan
Published: December 2021

Mycobacterium abscessus is a difficult respiratory pathogen to treat, when compared to other nontuberculus mycobacteria (NTM), due to its drug resistance. In this study, we aimed to find a new clarithromycin partner that potentiated strong, positive, synergy against M. abscessus among current anti-M. abscessus drugs, including omadacycline, amikacin, rifabutin, bedaquiline, and cefoxitine. First, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations required of all the drugs tested for M. abscessus subsp. abscessus CIP104536T treatment using a resazurin microplate assay. Next, the best synergistic partner for clarithromycin against M. abscessus was determined using an in vitro checkerboard combination assay. Among the drug combinations evaluated, omadacycline showed the best synergistic effect with clarithromycin, with a fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.4. This positive effect was also observed against M. abscessus clinical isolates and anti-M. abscessus drug resistant strains. Lastly, this combination was further validated using a M. abscessus infected zebrafish model. In this model, the clarithromycin-omadacyline regimen was found to inhibit the dissemination of M. abscessus, and it significantly extended the lifespan of the M. abscessus infected zebrafish. In summation, the synergy between two anti-M. abscessus compounds, clarithromycin and omadacycline, provides an attractive foundation for a new M. abscessus treatment regimen.
Three-Dimensional Whole-Organ Characterization of the Regional Alveolar Morphology in Normal Murine Lungs
Authors: Sarabia-Vallejos Mauricio A. , Ayala-Jeria Pedro , Hurtado Daniel E.
Published: December 2021

Alveolar architecture plays a fundamental role in the processes of ventilation and perfusion in the lung. Alterations in the alveolar surface area and alveolar cavity volume constitute the pathophysiological basis of chronic respiratory diseases such as pulmonary emphysema. Previous studies based on micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) of lung samples have allowed the geometrical study of acinar units. However, our current knowledge is based on the study of a few tissue samples in random locations of the lung that do not give an account of the spatial distributions of the alveolar architecture in the whole lung. In this work, we combine micro-CT imaging and computational geometry algorithms to study the regional distribution of key morphological parameters throughout the whole lung. To this end, 3D whole-lung images of Sprague–Dawley rats are acquired using high-resolution micro-CT imaging and analyzed to estimate porosity, alveolar surface density, and surface-to-volume ratio. We assess the effect of current gold-standard dehydration methods in the preparation of lung samples and propose a fixation protocol that includes the application of a methanol-PBS solution before dehydration. Our results show that regional porosity, alveolar surface density, and surface-to-volume ratio have a uniform distribution in normal lungs, which do not seem to be affected by gravitational effects. We further show that sample fixation based on ethanol baths for dehydration introduces shrinking and affects the acinar architecture in the subpleural regions. In contrast, preparations based on the proposed dehydration protocol effectively preserve the alveolar morphology.
Enhanced Oxygen Utilization Efficiency With Concomitant Activation of AMPK-TBC1D1 Signaling Nexus in Cyclophilin-D Conditional Knockout Mice
Authors: Radhakrishnan Jeejabai , Baetiong Alvin , Gazmuri Raúl J.
Published: December 2021

We have previously reported in HEK 293 T cells and in constitutive cyclophilin-D (Cyp-D) knockout (KO) mice that Cyp-D ablation downregulates oxygen consumption (VO2) and triggers an adaptive response that manifest in higher exercise endurance with less VO2. This adaptive response involves a metabolic switch toward preferential utilization of glucose via AMPK-TBC1D1 signaling nexus. We now investigated whether a similar response could be triggered in mice after acute ablation of Cyp-D using tamoxifen-induced ROSA26-Cre-mediated (i.e., conditional KO, CKO) by subjecting them to treadmill exercise involving five running sessions. At their first treadmill running session, CKO mice and controls had comparable VO2 (208.4 ± 17.9 vs. 209.1 ± 16.8 ml/kg min−1), VCO2 (183.6 ± 17.2 vs. 184.8 ± 16.9 ml/kg min−1), and RER (0.88 ± 0.043 vs. 0.88 ± 0.042). With subsequent sessions, CKO mice displayed more prominent reduction in VO2 (genotype & session interaction p = 0.000) with less prominent reduction in VCO2 resulting in significantly increased RER (genotype and session interaction p = 0.013). The increase in RER was consistent with preferential utilization of glucose as respiratory substrate (4.6 ± 0.8 vs. 4.0 ± 0.9 mg/min, p = 0.003). CKO mice also performed a significantly higher treadmill work for given VO2 expressed as a power/VO2 ratio (7.4 ± 0.2 × 10−3 vs. 6.7 ± 0.2 10−3 ratio, p = 0.025). Analysis of CKO skeletal muscle tissue after completion of five treadmill running sessions showed enhanced AMPK activation (0.669 ± 0.06 vs. 0.409 ± 0.11 pAMPK/β-tubulin ratio, p = 0.005) and TBC1D1 inactivation (0.877 ± 0.16 vs. 0.565 ± 0.09 pTBC1D1/β-tubulin ratio, p < 0.05) accompanied by increased glucose transporter-4 levels consistent with activation of the AMPK-TBC1D1 signaling nexus enabling increased glucose utilization. Taken together, our study demonstrates that like constitutive Cyp-D ablation, acute Cyp-D ablation also induces a state of increased O2 utilization efficiency, paving the way for exploring the use of pharmacological approach to elicit the same response, which could be beneficial under O2 limiting conditions.
Characteristics of the Fungal Communities and Co-occurrence Networks in Hazelnut Tree Root Endospheres and Rhizosphere Soil
Authors: Ma Wenxu , Yang Zhen , Liang Lisong , Ma Qinghua , Wang Guixi , Zhao Tiantian
Published: December 2021

Hazelnut has gained economic value in China in recent years, but its large-scale planting and research started later than other countries. Conducting basic research on hazelnut trees requires studying their related microorganisms. Here, we used high-throughput DNA sequencing to quantify the fungal communities in the root endospheres and rhizosphere soil of four hazelnut species. Fungal diversity in the rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than that in the root endospheres. Rhizosphere soil had more Mortierellomycota, and the fungal community compositions differed among the four hazelnut species. The root endospheres, especially those of the Ping’ou (Corylus heterophylla×Corylus avellana) trees, contained more ectomycorrhizal fungi. The co-occurrence networks in the rhizosphere soil were more sophisticated and stable than those in the root endospheres, even when the root endospheres had higher modularity, because the structural differentiation of the root endospheres differed from that of the rhizosphere soil. Two-factor correlation network analysis and linear regression analysis showed that the total organic carbon was the main environmental factor affecting the fungal communities. Our study revealed the community compositions, functional predictions, and co-occurrence network structural characteristics of fungi in hazelnut root endospheres and rhizosphere soil. We also examined the potential keystone taxa, and analyzed the environmental factors of the dominant fungal community compositions. This study provides guidance for the growth of hazelnut and the management of hazelnut garden, and provides an insight for future development of fungal inoculants to be used in hazelnut root.
Effect of Tempo on Temporal Expectation Driven by Rhythms in Dual-Task Performance
Authors: Xu Zhihan , Ren Yanna , Misaki Yosuke , Wu Qiong , Lu Sa
Published: December 2021

Temporal expectation is the ability to focus attention at a particular moment in time to optimize performance, which has been shown to be driven by regular rhythms. However, whether the rhythm-based temporal expectations rely upon automatic processing or require the involvement of controlled processing has not been clearly established. Furthermore, whether the mechanism is affected by tempo remains unknown. To investigate this research question, the present study used a dual-task procedure. In a single task, the participants were instructed to respond to a visual target preceded by a regular or an irregular visual rhythm under a fast (500 ms) or slow (3,500 ms) tempo. The dual-task simultaneously combined a working memory (WM) task. The results showed temporal expectation effects in which the participants responded faster to the regular than to the irregular conditions in a single task. Moreover, this effect persisted under dual-task interference in the fast tempo condition but was impaired in the slow tempo condition. These results revealed that rhythmic temporal expectation induced by fast tempo was dependent on automatic processing. However, compared with the faster tempo, temporal expectation driven by a slower tempo might involve more controlled processing.
How Does Green Training Boost Employee Green Creativity? A Sequential Mediation Process Model
Authors: Wu Jianfei , Chen Dan , Bian Zejuan , Shen Tiantian , Zhang Weinan , Cai Wenjing
Published: December 2021

Despite accumulated evidence from previous studies that green creativity is highly emphasized in various industries, limited research has been conducted in the context of public sectors. Drawing on the dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations, this paper aims to propose and sequentially test the relationship between green training and employees’ green creativity through green values and green intrinsic motivation. Based on the data collected in Chinese public sectors (N= 464) at two different time points, the results indicate that green training is positively related to green creativity. Moreover, this relationship is sequentially mediated by green values and green intrinsic motivation. The results in our study advance the emergent literature on green human resource management in the public sector for the practical applications of training and creativity in terms of green management.
Using Different Error Handling Strategies to Facilitate Older Users’ Interaction With Chatbots in Learning Information and Communication Technologies
Authors: Lin Weijane , Chen Hong-Chun , Yueh Hsiu-Ping
Published: December 2021

To support older users’ accessibility and learning of the prevalent information and communication technologies (ICTs), libraries, as informal learning institutes, are committed to information literacy education activities with friendly interfaces. Chatbots using Voice User Interfaces (VUIs) with natural and intuitive interactions have received growing research and practical attention; however, older users report regular frustrations and problems in using them. To serve as a basis for the subsequent design and development of an automated dialog mechanism in senior-friendly chatbots, a between-subject user experiment was conducted with 30 older adults divided into three groups. The preliminary findings on their interactions with the voice chatbots designed with different error handling strategies were reported. Participants’ behavioral patterns, performances, and the tactics they employed in interacting with the three types of chatbots were analyzed. The results of the study showed that the use of multiple error handling strategies is beneficial for older users to achieve effectiveness and satisfaction in human-robot interactions, and facilitate their attitude toward information technology. This study contributes empirical evidence in the genuine and pragmatic field of gerontechnology and expands upon voice chatbots research by exploring conversation errors in human-robot interactions that could be of further application in designing educational and living gerontechnology.
Correlates of Presence and Remission of Post-trauma Stress Disorder in Incarcerated Women: A Case-Control Study Design
Authors: Zhong Shaoling , Zhu Xiaomin , Mellsop Graham , Zhou Jiansong , Wang Xiaoping
Published: December 2021

Women in prison are vulnerable to post-trauma stress disorder (PTSD). However, little is known about the presence of PTSD in imprisoned women or of the natural course of that disorder. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk factors for PTSD in incarcerated women and document correlations of remission. We conducted a retrospective case-control study in the Female Prison of Hunan Province, China. Participants were screened for PTSD and depression using the Chinese version of the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) 5.0. Of the 2,322 women screened, 220 met the criterion for PTSD on admission. Remission (N = 142) and non-remission PTSD (N = 78) were then separated depending on current PTSD status. History of drug use (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.28–0.66, p < 0.001) and violent offense (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.17–2.09, p < 0.001) were associated with the presence of PTSD. Positive associations with remission were found for longer length of sentence (61–120 vs. 13–60 months) (OR = 4.20, 95% CI: 1.50–11.75, p = 0.006), violent offense (OR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.12–5.60, p = 0.03), and comorbid depression (OR = 29.69, 95% CI: 3.50–251.78, p = 0.002); while a negative correlate was identified for past depression (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.11–0.53, p < 0.001). Although some incarcerated women with PTSD can spontaneously remit, this study suggested certain criminological and clinical risk factors are associated with the presence of PTSD and others with remission over time. Timely screening and effective intervention should be tailored for individuals with PTSD in prisons.
Elevator Cabin Decontamination With ACTIVE Particle Control™ Technology
Authors: Ereth Mark , Wagoner Tracy , Blevins Mark , Hess Donald
Published: December 2021

Effectively reducing contamination and aerosolized bioburden may limit the risk of disease transmission in closed settings when social distancing is not possible. Unlike uncontrolled ionization and oxidation devices ACTIVE Particle Control™ conditions particles in a highly controlled fashion which provides effective air purification without the generation of ozone or other toxic by-products. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of ACTIVE Particle Control™ on elevator cabin particle load compared to standard ventilation. The intervention trial utilized particle mass tools to determine the difference in particle clearance between standard elevator cabin ventilation and ACTIVE Particle Control™ technology. Cabin particulate contaminants were significantly reduced using ACTIVE Particle Control™ technology in an operating elevator.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward COVID-19 Among the General Public in the Border Region of Jazan, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Almalki Mohammed J.
Published: December 2021

Background: The Saudi government had implemented unprecedented preventive measures to deal with COVID-19. These measures included intermittent curfews, bans on public gatherings, limitations on many services, temporary suspension of Hajj, Umrah, and visit and launching awareness campaigns. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the KAP toward COVID-19 among residents of the border region of Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was distributed from May 4 to May 21, 2020, using a Google Form. The survey questionnaire covered demographic characteristics and KAP toward COVID-19. The KAP questions consisted of 17 items on knowledge, four items on attitude, and six items on practice.

Results: A total of 597 participants responded to the survey questionnaire. Overall, participants demonstrated a good knowledge of COVID-19, correctly answering 77% of the knowledge questions. Most of the participants exhibited good attitudes and acceptable practices toward COVID-19. Multiple regression analysis revealed that participants with a university education (B = 1.75) or post-graduate education (B = 2.24), those with an income >SR 10,000–20,000 (B = 1.38) or >SR 20,000 (B = 2.07), and those who had received a personal health education (B = 1.19) had higher COVID-19 knowledge scores (p < 0.05). The ordinal logistic regression analysis found that compared to being female, being male was significantly associated with worrying about COVID-19 (p = 0.024, OR = 1.78), willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine (p = 0.003, OR = 1.81), and willingness to report potential symptoms of COVID-19 (p = 0.046, OR = 2.28). Worrying about COVID-19 was significantly associated with pre-university education vs. post-graduate education (p ≤ 0.001, OR = 7.94) and university education vs. post-graduate education (p ≤ 0.001, OR = 4.17). The binary logistic regression analysis found that compared to being female, being male was significantly associated with less face mask wearing in public (p = 0.009, OR = 0.31): Females were 3.23 times more likely to wear a face mask than were males.

Conclusions: Most of the study participants had good knowledge, positive attitudes, and effective practices toward COVID-19. The findings of this study may help guide future awareness resources to the groups most in need in the Jazan region, particularly as the COVID-19 situation develops and changes. Further assessment should consider the groups omitted from this study, including immigrants and the elderly who have not adopted social media and technology.
Accelerating Hyperparameter Tuning in Machine Learning for Alzheimer’s Disease With High Performance Computing
Authors: Zhang Fan , Petersen Melissa , Johnson Leigh , Hall James , O’Bryant Sid E.
Published: December 2021

Driven by massive datasets that comprise biomarkers from both blood and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the need for advanced learning algorithms and accelerator architectures, such as GPUs and FPGAs has increased. Machine learning (ML) methods have delivered remarkable prediction for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although ML has improved accuracy of AD prediction, the requirement for the complexity of algorithms in ML increases, for example, hyperparameters tuning, which in turn, increases its computational complexity. Thus, accelerating high performance ML for AD is an important research challenge facing these fields. This work reports a multicore high performance support vector machine (SVM) hyperparameter tuning workflow with 100 times repeated 5-fold cross-validation for speeding up ML for AD. For demonstration and evaluation purposes, the high performance hyperparameter tuning model was applied to public MRI data for AD and included demographic factors such as age, sex and education. Results showed that computational efficiency increased by 96%, which helped to shed light on future diagnostic AD biomarker applications. The high performance hyperparameter tuning model can also be applied to other ML algorithms such as random forest, logistic regression, xgboost, etc.
BALLU2: A Safe and Affordable Buoyancy Assisted Biped
Authors: Chae Hosik , Ahn Min Sung , Noh Donghun , Nam Hyunwoo , Hong Dennis
Published: December 2021

This work presents the first full disclosure of BALLU, Buoyancy Assisted Lightweight Legged Unit, and describes the advantages and challenges of its concept, the hardware design of a new implementation (BALLU2), a motion analysis, and a data-driven walking controller. BALLU is a robot that never falls down due to the buoyancy provided by a set of helium balloons attached to the lightweight body, which solves many issues that hinder current robots from operating close to humans. The advantages gained also lead to the platform’s distinct difficulties caused by severe nonlinearities and external forces such as buoyancy and drag. The paper describes the nonconventional characteristics of BALLU as a legged robot and then gives an analysis of its unique behavior. Based on the analysis, a data-driven approach is proposed to achieve non-teleoperated walking: a statistical process using Spearman Correlation Coefficient is proposed to form low-dimensional state vectors from the simulation data, and an artificial neural network-based controller is trained on the same data. The controller is tested both on simulation and on real-world hardware. Its performance is assessed by observing the robot’s limit cycles and trajectories in the Cartesian coordinate. The controller generates periodic walking sequences in simulation as well as on the real-world robot even without additional transfer learning. It is also shown that the controller can deal with unseen conditions during the training phase. The resulting behavior not only shows the robustness of the controller but also implies that the proposed statistical process effectively extracts a state vector that is low-dimensional yet contains the essential information of the high-dimensional dynamics of BALLU’s walking.
The Important Role of Environmental Stewardship Groups in Supporting Human Health and Well-Being
Authors: Dacks Rachel , McMillen Heather , Heimuli Pua , Kahaleua Kimberly , Burgess Sanoe , Giardina Christian P. , Francisco Kainana , Ticktin Tamara
Published: December 2021

The human health and well-being benefits of nature are well-known. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the work of environmental stewardship groups, especially those that facilitate access to and/or provide opportunities to engage with nature. To understand the impacts of this disruption on stewardship groups and their volunteers in Hawai‘i, we: (i) conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 leaders of stewardship groups on O‘ahu; and (ii) surveyed 85 individuals who volunteer with stewardship groups across the state. We found that some groups were negatively impacted by COVID-19-related funding losses, volunteer activity cancellations, and thus a reduced workforce. We also found that some groups were able to secure new pandemic-specific funding sources and increase their online presence. Many groups were able to strengthen their connections to community through efforts to respond to COVID-19 driven needs of the community, for example meeting nutritional needs of families through food or crop plant distributions. When asked what they missed the most about volunteering with stewardship groups, over half of surveyed respondents identified the social benefits of volunteering, including feeling a sense of community. Over a third of respondents said they missed engaging with the land/place. Nearly a third indicated that a lack of engagement with these groups during the pandemic had negatively affected them psychologically. Our results highlight the significant yet underappreciated role that stewardship groups play in community and individual well-being, and how a large-scale crisis can lead to innovative adaptations with important implications for social resilience.
Teachers With Special Needs. De-Psychiatrization of Children in Schools
Authors: Batstra Laura , van Roy A.C. Marieke , Thoutenhoofd Ernst D.
Published: December 2021

Psychiatrization not only affects adults. Ever more children in Western countries are being diagnosed with a mental disorder of behavior, such as ADHD. Children may often be labelled with the best intentions, for example in order to be able to provide them with suitable care and guidance. However, this labelling can have exclusionary effects and often entails the consequence that important discussion about contextual factors that give rise to (the perception of) unwelcome behavior or academic underperformance rarely, if at all, takes place. In this article we contend that although children are of central concern to schools and the design of pupils’ education, it is important not to make pupils the sole owner of problems that arise. It is therefore high time that a far more critical normative stance towards inclusive education is taken, in which the presently widespread biomedical approach is met with a school community response that focuses not on the nature of individual disorders but on the special need for additional capacity that schools and teachers have in meeting (perceived) deviant behaviors and emotions and/or academic underperformance. We argue that teaching should not set out to remedy individual diagnoses, but that teachers should be supported to extend their professional competence to the benefit of all pupils.
Unusual Chemical Processes in Interstellar Chemistry: Past and Present
Authors: Herbst Eric
Published: December 2021

The chemistry that occurs in interstellar clouds consists of both gas-phase processes and reactions on the surfaces of dust grains, the latter particularly on and in water-dominated ice mantles in cold clouds. Some of these processes, especially at low temperature, are very unusual by terrestrial standards. For example, in the gas-phase, two-body association reactions form a metastable species known as a complex, which is then stabilized by the emission of radiation under low-density conditions, especially at low temperatures. In the solid phase, it has been thought that the major process for surface reactions is diffusive in nature, occurring when two species undergoing random walks collide with each other on a surface that has both potential wells and intermediate barriers. There is experimental evidence for this process, although very few rates at low interstellar temperatures are well measured. Moreover, since dust particles are discrete, modeling has to take account that reactant pairs are on the same grain, a problem that can be treated using stochastic approaches. In addition, it has been shown more recently that surface reactions can occur more rapidly if they undergo any of a number of non-diffusive processes including so-called three-body mechanisms. There is some experimental support for this hypothesis. These and other unusual gaseous and solid-state processes will be discussed from the theoretical and experimental points of view, and their possible role in the synthesis of organic molecules in interstellar clouds explained. In addition, their historical development will be reviewed.
A diabetes mellitus előfordulási gyakoriságának változása a malignus szájüregi daganatos betegek körében hosszútávú összehasonlító vizsgálat alapján
Authors: Végh Dániel , Bányai Dorottya , Ujpál Márta
Published: December 2021

A diabetes mellitus már világszerte népbetegségnek tekinthető, melynek prevalenciája hazánkban is eléri a 7%-ot. Számos irodalmi adat bizonyítja, hogy a cukorbetegség elősegítő tényező a rosszindulatú daganatok kialakulásában is.Munkacsoportunk korábban a diabetes előfordulási gyakoriságát vizsgálta malignus szájüregi daganatos betegek körében. Jelen retrospektív kutatásunkban a cukorbetegség és a szénhidrát-anyagcserezavar előfordulási gyakoriságát, valamint a szájüregi daganatok lokalizációját rögzítettük a klinikán 2012–2013-ban kezelt, szájüregi rákos betegcsoportban és eredményeinket összehasonlítottuk az 1998–1999-ben kapott adatokkal. Összehasonlító vizsgálatunkbana 267 szövettanilag igazolt szájüregi tumoros beteg között 59 esetben 22,1%-ban diabetes mellitust, és 32 esetben 12%-ban emelkedett vércukorszintet találtunk. A leggyakoribb tumor-lokalizáció a cukorbetegeknél az ajaktumor volt, ezt követték a nyelv és a gingiva carcinomái. A 14 évvel ezelőtti adatokkal összehasonlítva a lokalizáció tekintetében lényeges változást nem tapasztaltunk, viszont a diabetes előfordulási gyakorisága 17,6%-ról 22,1%-ra, az emelkedett vércukorszint 9,8%-ról 12%-ra, a kóros glukóz regulációval rendelkező szájüregi tumorosok aránya pedig 27,4%-ról 34,1%-ra emelkedett (p > 0,05). Ezen bevezető vizsgálatunkkal e két kiemelten fontos betegségcsoport szoros kapcsolatát ésa diabetes mellitus egyre szélesebb körű terjedését kívánjuk hangsúlyozni.
A vérzékeny betegek fogorvosi ellátása
Authors: Szalma József , Joób-Fancsaly Árpád
Published: December 2021

Szerzők célja a gyógyszer indukálta vérzékeny betegek fogorvosi ellátásához segítséget nyújtó, korszerű ajánlás ismertetése,a MAÁSZT (Magyar Arc-, Állcsont- és Szájsebészeti Társaság) és a MAFIT (Magyar Fogorvosok ImplantológiaiTársasága) jóváhagyásával.
Lokalizált agresszív parodontitisben szenvedő páciens komplett fogászati ellátása
Authors: Nagy Zsolt , Nemes Júlia , Nyárasdy Ida
Published: December 2021

34 éves férfi páciens konzerváló fogászati ellátásra jelentkezett klinikánkon. Részletes anamnézis és a fogászati vizsgálatsorán parodontális kórkép került felismerésre. Az intraorális vizsgálat kiterjedt a cariologiai és parodontális státuszfelvételére. A fogágy tapadási nívójának mérése, az anamnesztikus adatok, illetve röntgenleletek birtokában lokalizáltagresszív parodontitis (LAP) került diagnosztizálásra. A komplett kezelési tervbe történő beleegyezése után átfogó fogászatiprevenció, terápia és rehabilitáció történt. A kezelések instruálással, motiválással, majd supra- és subgingiválisdepurálással kezdődtek. Később extractio és elektív gyökérkezelés után műtéti nyitott kürettel egybekötött hemisectiotörtént. A szükséges tömések elkészülte után fix fogpótlásokkal lett a funkció és az esztétika definitíven helyreállítva.Az eset rámutat, hogy a rendelőbe érkező pácienseknél kiemelkedő jelentőségű a fogazati állapot felmérése melletta parodontium vizsgálata is, hiszen enélkül a sokszor panaszmentes betegség rejtve maradhat.
Baktérium- és gombaölő polimerek a fogászatban
Authors: Géczi Zoltán , Kispélyi Barbara , Pál Károly , Hermann Péter
Published: December 2021

Az utóbbi években az orvostudomány fi gyelme az antibakteriális, antifungális polimerek felé fordult. A leghatékonyabb-nak a kationos polimerek, közöttük is elsősorban a polietilénimin és a poliamidoamin bizonyultak. Rövid összefoglalásunkadatai a polietilénimin (PEI), kémiai szerkezetére, hatásmódjára és a medicinában történő felhasználására vonatkoz-nak. Fogorvosi felhasználása az irodalmi adatok alapján ma még csak kísérleti céllal, a tömőanyagokba és sealerekbekeverve történt. Érzékelve a PEI iránti fokozódó nemzetközi érdeklődést, fontosnak tartjuk a hazai fogorvos-társadalomkationos polimerekre vonatkozó informálását.