bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling market mysteries: a comprehensive review of financial anomalies and puzzles
Authors: Osterrieder Joerg , Seigne Michael
Published: October 2023

This comprehensive literature review consolidates various market anomalies and puzzles, providing an aggregated perspective to understand these complex dynamics that challenge the traditional Efficient Market Hypothesis. We examined numerous academic works to reveal insights into long-term return irregularities, earnings management influence on equity offerings, and information uncertainty’s impact on stock returns.

The review delves into unique phenomena like persistent mutual fund performance, the day-of-the-week returns, the January effect, weather-induced mood shifts on the market, and the dynamics of multiple anomalies. International asset pricing and weekend anomalies were also discussed, with a particular focus on cryptocurrency efficiency.

Incorporating behavioral finance perspectives, we explored social transmission bias, emotional finance, biased beliefs, investor optimism, sentiment, and global market inefficiencies. The influence of unique events and seasonal factors, such as the Super Bowl, daylight saving time, and the Halloween effect, were also analyzed.

The review concludes by highlighting the evolving landscape of market anomalies, discussing ma- chine learning approaches to anomaly research, investor behavior challenges, and the disappearing anomalies in country and industry returns. It sets the groundwork for holistic comprehension of market anomalies, suggesting future research directions such as exploring new data sources, comprehensive theoretical modeling, and the role of technology, market regulations, and environmental changes on market anomalies.
System-Based Protection Method for High-Voltage Pulse Generator Switching Units in Biomass Electroporation
Authors: Golberg Alexander , Levkov Klimentiy
Published: October 2023

Background High-voltage pulsed electric field (PEF) technology has emerged as a promising technique for enhancing cell membrane permeabilization for biotechnological and medical applications. Given the parametric instability and low resistivity of biomass when used as an electrical load, it is imperative for the switching unit to meet specific requirements in terms of load capacity and protection against overloads and short circuits. Methods We introduce a novel system for safeguarding against overload and short-circuit currents by optimizing existing hardware-software resources. Our approach hinges on using the energy storage capacitor (ESC) both for energy storage and as a current sensor. By monitoring voltage drop during discharge, we estimate current parameters. Rapid discharge signals a short circuit. The microcontroller calculates ESC discharge limits based on preset parameters within a defined timeframe. If this limit is surpassed, the system promptly halts current pulses and discontinues supply to the load, ensuring reliable protection for the switching unit. Results By employing a system-based protection approach, we are able to reduce the complexity of circuit design, thereby enabling a unified control strategy that remains consistent regardless of the number and type of transistors used. This approach eliminates the need for separate circuit solutions to address this issue. Conclusions By utilizing a system method to protect the switching elements from short-circuit currents, we established a unified system structure for the circuit protection that is independent of current surges at the pulse fronts, as well as the specific number and type of transistors and switching modules employed. This method not only enhances the efficiency and reliability of the technology but also simplifies the design process and ensures a unified approach to protection, regardless of the system's configuration.
Recommendations for initiating and engaging local energy communities in alignment with justice principles – evidence from seven European citizen engagement processes
Authors: Young Jordan , Jaggoe Razia , Mourik Ruth
Published: October 2023

Background The promotion of local energy communities is highlighted as a solution to accelerate the transition towards a more decentralised, decarbonised and just energy system. EU policies are actively trying to strengthen the role of local energy communities as vital actors in the energy system. These developments open up a space for energy communities across Europe that are initiated, supported and/or strengthened from actors outside of the community. Such approaches have received limited attention by academic literature. The perspective of energy justice can serve as a normative framework to assess how the engagement of local residents and stakeholders in energy communities should take place. This paper points out injustices in seven different community engagement trajectories that took place as part of the Horizon project Lightness. Methods Relevant data was collected over the course of more than two years of field work, including interviews with residents and engagement leaders, workshops and site visits. A framework based on justice principles called The Voicer model was applied to analyse the data and pinpoint injustices. Results Based on these findings it provides ten recommendations for engaging residents and other local stakeholders in a just manner in local energy communities (LECs). These recommendations address among others the competences required for engaging residents in community-building, the importance of accessible communication and how to deal with the complexity of multi-stakeholder involvement. Conclusions The pathways for just engagement shown in this paper are limited in scope and would benefit from application in contexts with different legal, economic and governance configurations. Doing so can provide engagement practitioners with tangible tools to let diverse groups of residents enjoy the benefits that a just energy transition has in offer.
The genome sequence of the Silver-spotted Skipper, Hesperia comma (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Lohse Konrad , Vila Roger , Hayward Alex , Laetsch Dominik R. , Toro-Delgado Eric ,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Hesperia comma (the Silver-spotted Skipper; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Hesperiidae). The genome sequence is 525.3 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 29 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z and W sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.73 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 18,725 protein coding genes.
The genome sequence of a chalcid wasp, Gastracanthus pulcherrimus (Westwood, 1833)
Authors: Broad Gavin R. , Fletcher Chris , Januszczak Inez ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Gastracanthus pulcherrimus (a chalcid wasp; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae). The genome sequence is 1,010.0 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 5 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 24.4 kilobases in length.
Safety and immunogenicity of varied doses of R21/Matrix-M™ vaccine at three years follow-up: A phase 1b age de-escalation, dose-escalation trial in adults, children, and infants in Kilifi-Kenya
Authors: Sang Samuel , Datoo Mehreen S. , Otieno Edward , Muiruri Charles , Bellamy Duncan , Gathuri Emmaloise , Ngoto Omar , Musembi Janet , Provstgaard-Morys Sam , Stockdale Lisa , Aboagye Jeremy , Woods Daniel , Lawrie Alison , Roberts Racheal , Keter Kelvias , Kimani Domtila , Ndungu Francis , Kapulu Melissa , Njau Irene , Orindi Benedict , Ewer Katie J. , Hill Adrian V.S. , Bejon Philip , Hamaluba Mainga
Published: October 2023

Background: Falciparum malaria remains a global health problem. Two vaccines, based on the circumsporozoite antigen, are available.  RTS, S/AS01 was recommended for use in 2021 following the advice of the World Health Organisation (WHO) Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization and WHO Malaria Policy Advisory Group (MPAG). It has since been pre-qualified in 2022 by the WHO. R21 is similar to RTS, S/AS01, and recently licensed in Nigeria, Ghana and Burkina Faso following Phase 3 trial results.

Methods: We conducted a Phase 1b age de-escalation, dose escalation bridging study after a change in the manufacturing process for R21. We recruited healthy adults and children and used a three dose primary vaccination series with a booster dose at 1–2 years. Variable doses of R21 and adjuvant (Matrix-M ™) were administered at 10µgR21/50 µg Matrix-M™, 5µgR21/25µg Matrix-M™ and 5µgR21/50µg Matrix-M™ to 20 adults, 20 children, and 51 infants.

Results: Self-limiting adverse events were reported relating to the injection site and mild systemic symptoms. Two serious adverse events were reported, neither linked to vaccination. High levels of IgG antibodies to the circumsporozoite antigen were induced, and geometric mean titres in infants, the target group, were 1.1 (0.9 to 1.3) EU/mL at day 0, 10175 (7724 to 13404) EU/mL at day 84 and (following a booster dose at day 421) 6792 (5310 to 8687) EU/mL at day 456.

Conclusions: R21/Matrix-M™ is safe, and immunogenic when given at varied doses with the peak immune response seen in infants 28 days after a three dose primary vaccination series given four weeks apart. Antibody responses were restored 28 days after a 4th dose given one year post a three dose primary series in the young children and infants.

Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03580824; 9th of July 2018; Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR202105682956280; 17th May 2021).
Specifying how intervention content is communicated: Development of a Style of Delivery Ontology
Authors: Wright Alison J. , Zhang Lisa , Howes Ella , Veall Clement , Corker Elizabeth , Johnston Marie , Hastings Janna , West Robert , Michie Susan
Published: October 2023

Background: Investigating and enhancing the effectiveness of behaviour change interventions requires detailed and consistent specification of all aspects of interventions. We need to understand not only their content, that is the specific techniques, but also the source, mode, schedule, and style in which this content is delivered. Delivery style refers to the manner by which content is communicated to intervention participants. This paper reports the development of an ontology for specifying the style of delivery of interventions that depend on communication. This forms part of the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology, which aims to cover all aspects of behaviour change intervention scenarios.

Methods: The Style of Delivery Ontology was developed following methods for ontology development used in the Human Behaviour-Change Project, with seven key steps: 1) defining the scope of the ontology, 2) identifying key entities and developing their preliminary definitions by reviewing 100 behaviour change intervention evaluation reports and existing classification systems, 3) refining the ontology by piloting the ontology through annotations of 100 reports, 4) stakeholder review by eight behavioural science and public health experts, 5) inter-rater reliability testing through annotating 100 reports using the ontology, 6) specifying ontological relationships between entities, and 7) disseminating and maintaining the ontology.

Results: The resulting ontology is a five-level hierarchical structure comprising 145 unique entities relevant to style of delivery. Key areas include communication processes, communication styles, and attributes of objects used in communication processes. Inter-rater reliability for annotating intervention evaluation reports was α=0.77 (good) for those familiar with the ontology and α=0.62 (acceptable) for those unfamiliar with it.

Conclusions: The Style of Delivery Ontology can be used for both annotating and describing behaviour change interventions in a consistent and coherent manner, thereby improving evidence comparison, synthesis, replication, and implementation of effective interventions.
MendelianRandomization v0.9.0: updates to an R package for performing Mendelian randomization analyses using summarized data
Authors: Patel Ashish , Ye Ting , Xue Haoran , Lin Zhaotong , Xu Siqi , Woolf Benjamin , Mason Amy M. , Burgess Stephen
Published: October 2023

The MendelianRandomization package is a software package written for the R software environment that implements methods for Mendelian randomization based on summarized data. In this manuscript, we describe functions that have been added or edited in the package since version 0.5.0, when we last described the package and its contents. The main additions to the package since that time are: 1) new robust methods for performing Mendelian randomization, particularly in the cases of bias from weak instruments and/or winner’s curse, and pleiotropic variants, 2) methods for performing Mendelian randomization with correlated variants using dimension reduction to summarize large numbers of highly correlated variants into a limited set of principal components, 3) functions for calculating first-stage F statistics, representing instrument strength, in both univariable and multivariable contexts, and with uncorrelated and correlated genetic variants. We also discuss some pragmatic issues relating to the use of correlated variants in Mendelian randomization.
The genome sequence of the Small Emerald, Hemistola chrysoprasaria (Esper, 1795)
Authors: Boyes Douglas , Mulley John F. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Hemistola chrysoprasaria (the Small Emerald; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Geometridae). The genome sequence is 438.2 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 30 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.63 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 17,512 protein coding genes.
Using machine learning to extract information and predict outcomes from reports of randomised trials of smoking cessation interventions in the Human Behaviour-Change Project
Authors: West Robert , Bonin Francesca , Thomas James , Wright Alison J. , Mac Aonghusa Pol , Gleize Martin , Hou Yufang , O'Mara-Eves Alison , Hastings Janna , Johnston Marie , Michie Susan
Published: October 2023

Background

Using reports of randomised trials of smoking cessation interventions as a test case, this study aimed to develop and evaluate machine learning (ML) algorithms for extracting information from study reports and predicting outcomes as part of the Human Behaviour-Change Project. It is the first of two linked papers, with the second paper reporting on further development of a prediction system.

Methods

Researchers manually annotated 70 items of information (‘entities’) in 512 reports of randomised trials of smoking cessation interventions covering intervention content and delivery, population, setting, outcome and study methodology using the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology. These entities were used to train ML algorithms to extract the information automatically. The information extraction ML algorithm involved a named-entity recognition system using the ‘FLAIR’ framework. The manually annotated intervention, population, setting and study entities were used to develop a deep-learning algorithm using multiple layers of long-short-term-memory (LSTM) components to predict smoking cessation outcomes.

Results

The F1 evaluation score, derived from the false positive and false negative rates (range 0-1), for the information extraction algorithm averaged 0.42 across different types of entity (SD=0.22, range 0.05-0.88) compared with an average human annotator’s score of 0.75 (SD=0.15, range 0.38-1.00). The algorithm for assigning entities to study arms (e.g., intervention or control) was not successful. This initial ML outcome prediction algorithm did not outperform prediction based just on the mean outcome value or a linear regression model.

Conclusions

While some success was achieved in using ML to extract information from reports of randomised trials of smoking cessation interventions, we identified major challenges that could be addressed by greater standardisation in the way that studies are reported. Outcome prediction from smoking cessation studies may benefit from development of novel algorithms, e.g., using ontological information to inform ML (as reported in the linked paper (1)).
The genome sequence of the Truffle Blacklet, Cheilosia soror (Zetterstedt, 1843)
Authors: Falk Steven , Crowley Liam M. , Poole Oliver ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2023

We present a genome assembly from one male and one female Cheilosia soror specimens (the Truffle Blacklet; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Syrphidae). The genome sequences are 470.0) megabases (female) and 480.3 megabases (male) in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 4 autosomes and the X and Y sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.1 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the Grey Sedge caddis fly, Odontocerum albicorne (Scopoli, 1769)
Authors: Skipp Sue , Wallace Ian ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Odontocerum albicorne (the Grey Sedge caddis fly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Trichoptera; Odontoceridae). The genome sequence is 1,287.3 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.57 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the Heart and Club moth, Agrotis clavis (Hufnagel, 1766)
Authors: Wawman Denise ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Agrotis clavis (the Heart and Club moth; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The genome sequence is 751.1 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.43 kilobases in length.
State-of-the-art update for diagnosing diabetic foot osteomyelitis: a narrative review
Authors: Woo Inha , Cho Seung Jae , Park Chul Hyun
Published: October 2023

Recently, the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot and the Infectious Diseases Society of America divided diabetic foot disease into diabetic foot infection (DFI) and diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO). DFI is usually diagnosed clinically, while numerous methods exist to diagnose DFO. In this narrative review, the authors aim to summarize the updated data on the diagnosis of DFO. An extensive literature search using “diabetic foot [MeSH]” and “osteomyelitis [MeSH]” or “diagnosis” was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar in July 2023. The possibility of DFO is based on inflammatory clinical signs, including the probe-to-bone (PTB) test. Elevated inflammatory biochemical markers, especially erythrocyte sedimentation rate, are beneficial. Distinguishing abnormal findings of plain radiographs is also a first-line approach. Moreover, sophisticated modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear medicine imaging, are helpful if doubt remains after a first-line diagnosis. Transcutaneous bone biopsy, which does not pass through the wound, is necessary to avoid contaminating the sample. This review focuses on the current diagnostic techniques for DFOs with an emphasis on the updates. To obtain the correct therapeutic results, selecting a proper option is necessary. Based on these numerous diagnosis modalities and indications, the proper choice of diagnostic tool can have favorable treatment outcomes.
On exponentiation, p-automata and HNN extensions of free abelian groups
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Oliynyk Andriy , Prokhorchuk Veronika ,   Institute of Matematics of Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2023

For every prime p it is shown that a wide class of HNN extensions of free abelian groups admits faithful representation by finite p-automata.
Exploring the Ways in which Generation-Z Dental Students Learn and How this Could Impact Dental Foundation Training
Authors: Bazoua Christel , Rahim Afra , Robinson Ruby , Webster Jasmine , Brierley DJ
Published: October 2023

This article explores the ways in which Generation-Z dental students learn currently, how this compares with previous generations, and how this may influence the ways in which future generations of dentists will practise. The opinions discussed are those of current fourth year dental students at the University of Sheffield, who delve into what their university learning experience has entailed so far, alongside sharing their feelings towards current methods of teaching. In this way, a student-centred insight is offered into the way Generation-Z students are learning dentistry, and how general dental practices (GDPs) may take account of this in dental foundation training (DFT).
HR guru: ‘MENSTRUAL LEAVE’
Authors: Edmunds Imogen
Published: October 2023

Imogen Edmunds, managing director of Redwing Solutions, which specialises in HR for early years settings, on helping staff who need extra support due to their period.
market view: A CLEAR PATH
Authors: Kanwar Arun
Published: October 2023

Arun Kanwar, managing partner at Cairneagle, says the Government needs to better engage the sector with its plans.
Rituximab combined with Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor to treat elderly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients: Two case reports
Authors: Zhang Cang-Jian , Zhao Min-Lei
Published: October 2023

Time series analysis is a valuable tool in epidemiology that complements the classical epidemiological models in two different ways: Prediction and forecast. Prediction is related to explaining past and current data based on various internal and external influences that may or may not have a causative role. Forecasting is an exploration of the possible future values based on the predictive ability of the model and hypothesized future values of the external and/or internal influences. The time series analysis approach has the advantage of being easier to use (in the cases of more straightforward and linear models such as Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average). Still, it is limited in forecasting time, unlike the classical models such as Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed. Its applicability in forecasting comes from its better accuracy for short-term prediction. In its basic form, it does not assume much theoretical knowledge of the mechanisms of spreading and mutating pathogens or the reaction of people and regulatory structures (governments, companies, etc. ). Instead, it estimates from the data directly. Its predictive ability allows testing hypotheses for different factors that positively or negatively contribute to the pandemic spread; be it school closures, emerging variants, etc. It can be used in mortality or hospital risk estimation from new cases, seroprevalence studies, assessing properties of emerging variants, and estimating excess mortality and its relationship with a pandemic.
The Necessity of Black Anger in the Success of Anti-Racism Movements
Authors: Parks Rosa
Published: October 2023

Parks presents their collage project through which she argues that Black anger must be considered as a key factor within anti-racist social movements.
Propaganda
Authors: Hendershot Naomi
Published: October 2023

Hendershot considers the relationship between propaganda as art and its audience.
A systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis of first-hand conceptualisations of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI)
Authors: Kennett Jaycee , Keites Imogen , Steward Daniel , Rahman Rachel
Published: October 2023

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a growing phenomenon that correlates with significantly negative outcomes including psychopathology, hospitalisation and suicide; however, there exists little consensus on how to best understand it. This lack of conceptual consensus risks inconsistent clinical practice in a population that often reports poor experiences of professional support, therefore an understanding of how individuals conceptualise their own NSSI without attempting to fit it into existing causal and functionalist models is needed. This review sought to examine and synthesise first-hand conceptualisations of NSSI in existing qualitative literature using interpretive phenomenological synthesis. A systematic database search of qualitative literature was conducted, including interviews with individuals with experience of NSSI across all ages and settings, published in English from 1950 to 2022. Twenty-three studies were included in the final meta-synthesis. Three superordinate themes were generated via the synthesis: (1) NSSI is embedded in the social world; (2) NSSI is symbolic and communicative; and (3) NSSI represents taking back agency. This synthesis, comprised of both reported data and the themes identified by the researchers in the papers, highlighted that NSSI is a diverse behaviour that is inextricably linked with sociocultural context and that, paradoxically, it can be simultaneously communicative and private. This research urges an introspective examination of how clinicians and researchers in the field conceptualise NSSI and how this juxtaposes with how individuals who engage in the behaviour conceptualise it.
Maternal subjectivity of Indian Muslim mothers: reflections on the hijab and education
Authors: Naghma Abidi Syeda
Published: October 2023

Most theories of motherhood, across different societies, tend to be anchored on the child’s needs. This results in mothers either idealised or blamed for the impact they have on their child. In all this theorising, I have found that maternal voice is absent, creating a gap in our understanding of maternal subjectivity. This article is part of the larger doctoral work focused on Indian Muslim mothers, building on Benjamin’s work that argues for mutual recognition of the other in a dyadic relationship as a subject. A psychosocial lens is used to explore the maternal experiences of raising adolescent daughters in contemporary times where the Muslim identity is frowned upon and their cultural practices are a matter of debate. In politically charged contemporary India, where religion is a prominent source of conflict, an Indian Muslim woman, doubly marginalised due to her gender and community, which is in a minority, would find it difficult to find a voice as a mother. Her reflections on hijab and education are highlighted in this article as she mothers and makes an attempt to provide a voice for herself and her daughter. It is proposed that her understanding of the relationship with her mother can be crucial to her negotiation of the current dilemmas of wearing a hijab and the significance of religious and secular education. The voices were captured in in-depth interviews conducted in the capital city of Delhi and have an implicit cultural flavour of North India.
Newman as a Critic of Modernity
Authors: O'Regan Cyril
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: In this essay I juxtapose Newman and Kierkegaard as two examples of 19th-century prophetic discourse diagnosing and lamenting what both take to be an evacuation of historical Christianity and its substitution by a rationalist counterfeit accommodated to the prestige of reason and its protocols. In both cases the unveiling of the counterfeit is not one feature among others, but definitional of both of their work from beginning to end. In both cases also it is not simply that they question a particular epistemological position, but uncover the ravages down to Christianity at a societal level by what is nothing less than a newly emergent social imaginary. Given the relative transparency of his discourse in Newman's case it is fairly easy to isolate some of the more basic features of this rationalist surrogate. These include the rejection of doctrine and tradition, the avoidance of any sense of divine otherness, and a depiction of human being as fundamentally twisted and stunted because of sin. In Kierkegaard's case the species of rationalism he calls out betrays his continental context. While Kierkegaard calls out the damage caused to Christianity by the infiltration of the scientific method, he is more exercised by the mode of speculative reason advanced by German Idealism in general and Hegel in particular. In contrast, Newman is troubled by the procedural mode of rationality that has come to be hegemonic and that is largely a Lockean inheritance. In addition to this formal correspondence, there are also substantive overlaps in terms of what aspects of Christianity need to be recovered. Given Kierkegaard's Lutheran backdrop it makes sense that he is not motivated as Newman is in recovering Christian doctrine and tradition. His focus is on recovery the total otherness of God who is received in fear and trembling by human beings doubly incapacitated, first by their creaturehood, second, by their sinfulness that goes all the way down.
On the Ownership of the Means of Training: Domination, Asceticism, and Capacities of Resistance
Authors: Tilleczek William
Published: October 2023

Abstract: This article argues that asceticism—understood in the etymological sense of “training”—can productively be incorporated into analyses of politics. It is of particular use in thinking through questions of inequality and domination. I first theorize askesis as dynamogenic , that is, productive of (political and ethical) capacities. Using case studies of Ancient Athens and twentieth century India, I then analyze askesis as a tool for producing and resisting domination, and suggest the political importance of taking control of “the means of training.” I conclude with reflections on the significance of this framework for understanding neoliberal ethics and rising fascist tendencies.
Collision in double-image encryption scheme based on spatial encoding and phase-truncation Fourier transforms
Authors: Xiong Y. , Gu J. , Kumar R.
Published: October 2023

In this paper, the security strength of a double-image cryptosystem using spatial encoding and phase-truncation Fourier transforms (PTFTs) is evaluated. Unlike the conventional PTFT-based cryptosystem, where two random phase masks (RPMs) are used as public keys to provide enough phase constrains in the estimation, in the improved cryptosystem, the RPM generated by a random amplitude mask (RAM) is treated as an unknown parameter. Due to this fixed RAM, the number of constraints in the estimation decreases to achieve high robustness against potential iterative attacks. Moreover, instead of two phase-only masks (POMs), here the two POMs and the RAM are utilized as the private keys in the improved cryptosystem; thus, the key space of the double-image cryptosystem has been enlarged. However, we noticed that the RAM used to encode plaintexts spatially and to generate the phase encryption key is independent of the plaintexts. This could be recovered by a known pair of plaintexts and the ciphertext. Once the information of the RAM is retrieved, the phase key RPM can also be produced making the cryptosystem vulnerable. Based on this finding, new hybrid algorithms, including a known-plaintext attack and a known key attack are proposed to crack the enhanced PTFT-based cryptosystem. The information of the plaintexts can be retrieved from one POM using the proposed algorithms without any knowledge of another POM and the corresponding ciphertext. Numerical simulations have been carried out to validate the information disclosure problem still exists in the double-image cryptosystem based on spatial encoding and PTFTs.
Dynamic measurement of an angular Goos–Hänchen shift at a surface plasmon resonance in liquid
Authors: Olaya Cherrie May , Hayazawa Norihiko , Balgos Maria Herminia , Tanaka Takuo
Published: October 2023

We developed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-enhanced angular
Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift measurement system capable of tracking small
refractive index changes with high sensitivity in a liquid
environment. Our method can be performed in angular interrogation
schemes, where we demonstrate a simple zero-finding algorithm to
locate the SPR angle instead of the complicated data processing
algorithms used in conventional sensors. We also propose a displacement interrogation scheme for dynamic
measurement of small refractive index changes in the sample. The main
advantage of our method is the controllability of the measured
displacement by standard geometrical optics, allowing
measurement sensitivity enhancement without the need to modify the
sensor material.
Optimal real-time resonant scanner linearization using filtered Hermite interpolation
Authors: Giacomelli Michael G.
Published: October 2023

High-speed laser scanning microscopy frequently relies on resonant scanners due to their order of magnitude increase in imaging rate compared to conventional galvanometer scanners. However, the use of a nonlinear scan trajectory introduces distortion that must be corrected. This manuscript derives a new algorithm based on filtered Hermite polynomial interpolation that provides the optimal shot-noise-limited SNR for a fixed number of photons and provides higher spatial accuracy than previous methods. An open-source library is presented using the Intel advanced vector instruction set (AVX) to process up to 32 samples in parallel. Using this approach, I simultaneously demonstrate lower shot noise variance, moderately higher spatial accuracy and greater than 1 gigapixel per second interpolation rate on a desktop CPU.
Neural network-aided receivers for soliton communication impaired by solitonic interaction
Authors: Chen Yu , Baniasadi Mohammadamin , Safari Majid
Published: October 2023

In this paper, different neural network-based methods are proposed to improve the achievable information rate in amplitude-modulated soliton communication systems. The proposed methods use simulated data to learn effective soliton detection by suppressing nonlinear impairments beyond amplifier noise, including intrinsic inter-soliton interaction, Gordon-Haus effect-induced timing jitter, and their combined impact. We first present a comprehensive study of these nonlinear impairments based on numerical simulations. Then, two neural network designs are developed based on a regression network and a classifier. We estimate the achievable information rates of the proposed learning-based soliton detection schemes as well as two model-based benchmark schemes, including the nonlinear Fourier transform eigenvalue estimation and continuous spectrum-aided eigenvalue estimation schemes. Our results demonstrate that both learning-based designs lead to substantial performance gains when compared to the benchmark schemes. Importantly, we highlight that exploiting the channel memory, introduced by solitonic interactions, can yield additional gains in the achievable information rate. Through a comparative analysis of the two neural network designs, we establish that the classifier design exhibits superior adaptability to interaction impairment and is more suitable for symbol detection tasks in the context of the investigated scenarios.
Inversion diffuse attenuation coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation based on deep learning
Authors: Chen Lei , Pan Xiaoju , Zhang Jie , Demeaux Charlotte Begouen , Wang Yongchao
Published: October 2023

Accurate estimation of the diffuse attenuation coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation, Kd(PAR), is critical for understanding and modeling key physical, chemical, and biological processes in waters. In this study, a deep learning model (DLKPAR) was developed for remotely estimating Kd(PAR). Compared to the traditional empirical algorithms and semi-analytical algorithm, DLKPAR demonstrated an improvement in the model’s stability and accuracy. By using in situ NOMAD data to evaluate the model’s performance, DLKPAR had lower root mean square difference (RMSD; 0.028 vs. 0.030-0.048 m-1) and mean absolute relative difference (MARD; 0.14 vs. 0.17-0.25) and higher R2 (0.94 vs. 0.82-0.94). The statistical results of the matchup NOMAD and Argo data to the MODIS also indicated DLKPAR improves the inversion accuracy of Kd(PAR) and could be applied to remotely estimate Kd(PAR) in the global oceans. Therefore, we anticipate that DLKPAR could yield reliable Kd(PAR) values from ocean color remote sensing, providing an accurate estimation of visible light attenuation in the upper ocean and facilitating biogeochemical cycle research.
On-chip phase-shift induced control of supercontinuum generation in a dual-core Si3N4 waveguide
Authors: Xia L. , van der Slot P. J. M. , Timmerkamp M. , Bastiaens H. M. J. , Fallnich C. , Boller K.-J.
Published: October 2023

We investigate on-chip spectral control of supercontinuum generation, taking advantage of the additional spatial degree of freedom in strongly-coupled dual-core waveguides. Using numerical integration of the multi-mode generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we show that, with proper waveguide cross-section design, selective excitation of supermodes can vary the dispersion to its extremes, i.e., all-normal or anomalous dispersion can be selected via phase shifting in a Mach-Zehnder input circuit. The resulting control allows to provide vastly different supercontinuum spectra with the same waveguide circuit.
All-normal dispersion widely tunable dual-wavelength mode-locked fiber laser based on NALM
Authors: Yang Xueyu , Tao Jianing , Lv Chenyue , Fu Chaohui , Lu Baole , Bai Jintao
Published: October 2023

We experimentally and numerically demonstrate the all-normal dispersion (ANDi) ytterbium (Yb)-doped fiber laser based on nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM) mode-locked, which allows tunable single-wavelength and dual-wavelength outputs. The pulses tuning ranges of the dual-wavelength are from 1032.24 nm to 1053.13 nm and from 1047.94 nm to 1069.05 nm, and the repetition frequency difference varies from 1766Hz to 1834Hz. To our knowledge, this is the widest dual-wavelength tuning range of Yb-doped fiber lasers based on NALM mode-locked. We test for 90 minutes and have high stability in both single-wavelength and dual-wavelength. In addition, the pulsed collision dynamics between two solitons at different wavelengths are numerically studied. Numerical results show that during the pulse collision, the two solitons pass through each other and maintain their properties, which also confirms the particle nature of the isolated wave. Our research contributes to the dynamics of dual-wavelength solitons collision in NALM mode-locked fiber laser and provides what we believe to be is a new idea for tunable Yb-doped dual-comb sources.
Frequency suppression of director oscillations in AC-driven liquid-crystal-based terahertz phase shifters
Authors: Liu Chenxiang , Wang Yu , Li Li , Tan Peng , Li Shuai , Wang Guanchao , Guo Wenpeng , Li Zhenghao , Che Xingkai , Tian Hao
Published: October 2023

Frequency-induced instability is widely present in nematic liquid crystals (LCs), which poses a problem in improving liquid-crystal-based phase-shift devices driven by alternating currents. Herein, the Fréedericksz transition of thick nematic LCs was investigated under alternating electric fields to reveal the suppression of frequency-induced instability in the low frequency range. By extending the Frank-Leslie equation to the AC-driven case, the response of the LC was numerically calculated, and the frequency threshold for suppressing the driven instability was estimated in conjunction with the perturbation method. Experimentally, the frequency suppression of LC fluctuations was verified by using applied electric fields. In addition, the root-mean-square-error of the refractive index was measured to be less than 2 × 10−5, which excludes the convective instability-generating domains in devices. It was revealed that the fabricated thick LC phase shifters provided a phase shift of more than 360° at 2 THz and can be used in the terahertz band. It was observed that the electrically driven phase-shift characteristics were in accordance with the theoretical results as the threshold frequency condition was satisfied. This work provides an experimental and theoretical reference for improving modulation performance and enhancing the characterization of AC-driven LC-based phase-shift devices.
Enhanced BaTiO3/Si3N4 integrated photonic platform with VO2 technology for large-scale neuromorphic computing [Invited]
Authors: Seoane Juan José , Parra Jorge , Navarro-Arenas Juan , Sanchis Pablo
Published: October 2023

The hybrid barium titanate (BaTiO3 or BTO) – silicon nitride (Si3N4 or SiN) platform integrated on silicon has been established as a promising candidate for implementing photonic integrated circuits with unique features in terms of high modulation speeds and low transmission loss. However, despite the high Pockels effect in BTO, switching device footprints are relatively large, which could compromise their use in applications with large scalability requirements, such as neuromorphic computing hardware. To address this limitation, we propose the integration of vanadium dioxide (VO2) in the SiN/BTO platform to enable ultra-compact amplitude switching devices offering a scalar multiplication functionality with multilevel operation. More concretely, an electronically reprogrammable switching device with a 5-bit amplitude encoding capability and an insertion loss of only 0.5 dB is developed. The proposed device is built with a 9-µm-long VO2/SiN/BTO waveguide structure integrated with an efficient microheater using a transparent conducting oxide. Such a vital building block would offer significant potential for developing more complex photonic integrated circuits, including dot-product or matrix-vector multiplication engines. The combination of high speed, low loss, and reduced footprint makes the proposed enhanced platform an attractive solution for application in scalable and energy-efficient neuromorphic computing hardware.
Thermal intermodulation backaction in a high-cooperativity optomechanical system
Authors: Pluchar Christian M. , Agrawal Aman R. , Wilson Dalziel J.
Published: October 2023

The pursuit of room temperature quantum optomechanics with tethered
nanomechanical resonators faces stringent challenges owing to
extraneous mechanical degrees of freedom. An important example is
thermal intermodulation noise (TIN), a form of excess optical noise
produced by mixing of thermal noise peaks. While TIN can be decoupled
from the phase of the optical field, it remains indirectly coupled via
radiation pressure, implying a hidden source of backaction that might
overwhelm shot noise. Here we report observation of TIN backaction in
a high-cooperativity, room temperature cavity optomechanical system
consisting of an acoustic-frequency Si3N4 trampoline coupled to a Fabry–Perot
cavity. The backaction we observe exceeds thermal noise by
20 dB and radiation pressure shot noise by 40 dB,
despite the thermal motion being 10 times smaller than the cavity
linewidth. Our results suggest that mitigating TIN may be critical to
reaching the quantum regime from room temperature in a variety of
contemporary optomechanical systems.
Going beyond the means: Exploring the role of bias from digital determinants of health in technologies
Authors: Charpignon Marie-Laure , Carrel Adrien , Jiang Yihang , Kwaga Teddy , Cantada Beatriz , Hyslop Terry , Cox Christopher E. , Haines Krista , Koomson Valencia , Dumas Guillaume , Morley Michael , Dunn Jessilyn , Ian Wong An-Kwok
Published: October 2023

Background

In light of recent retrospective studies revealing evidence of disparities in access to medical technology and of bias in measurements, this narrative review assesses digital determinants of health (DDoH) in both technologies and medical formulae that demonstrate either evidence of bias or suboptimal performance, identifies potential mechanisms behind such bias, and proposes potential methods or avenues that can guide future efforts to address these disparities.

Approach

Mechanisms are broadly grouped into physical and biological biases (e.g., pulse oximetry, non-contact infrared thermometry [NCIT]), interaction of human factors and cultural practices (e.g., electroencephalography [EEG]), and interpretation bias (e.g, pulmonary function tests [PFT], optical coherence tomography [OCT], and Humphrey visual field [HVF] testing). This review scope specifically excludes technologies incorporating artificial intelligence and machine learning. For each technology, we identify both clinical and research recommendations.

Conclusions

Many of the DDoH mechanisms encountered in medical technologies and formulae result in lower accuracy or lower validity when applied to patients outside the initial scope of development or validation. Our clinical recommendations caution clinical users in completely trusting result validity and suggest correlating with other measurement modalities robust to the DDoH mechanism (e.g., arterial blood gas for pulse oximetry, core temperatures for NCIT). Our research recommendations suggest not only increasing diversity in development and validation, but also awareness in the modalities of diversity required (e.g., skin pigmentation for pulse oximetry but skin pigmentation and sex/hormonal variation for NCIT). By increasing diversity that better reflects patients in all scenarios of use, we can mitigate DDoH mechanisms and increase trust and validity in clinical practice and research.