bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Continuous Negative Framing of Africa in the Media: A Content Analysis of Stories sourced by the Ghanaian Times Newspaper from the BBC
Authors: Baah-Acheamfour Kwaku , Lamptey-George Judith
Published: August 2024

This article looked at how the ‘Ghanaian Times’ newspaper, using stories sourced from the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), framed Africa to the rest of the world. The study which utilized the mixed approach also employed the gatekeeping, framing and cultural imperialist theories in its attempt to find out which of the regional blocs in Africa dominated the coverage and whether the portrayal was positive or negative. The study found that the majority of the stories that the ‘Ghanaian Times’ sourced from the BBC were negative about Africa hence framing Africa as an unhealthy place for living. Out of the 154 stories the newspaper sourced from the BBC, only 52 stories focused on the positive happenings in Africa while 94 stories painted a catastrophic image about Africa. Also, political unrest and crime were the two dominant themes Africa was associated with. In all, the general image of Africa as portrayed by the newspaper was negative as the editors focused more on negative stories of Africa compared to the positives amidst the abundance of stories published by the BBC. This arguably means that Africa’s negative image could only be corrected if editors are deliberate in selecting more positive stories about Africa for publication. This work will indeed add to the literature on the framing of Africa in the media especially the contribution of the African media to the dominant negative image Africa continues to be associated with.

Keywords: Africa, Images, Gatekeeping, Media Framing, BBC Stories, Regional Blocs Coverage
Arousing Learner Interest and Engagement in a Multilingual Classroom Context: English Second Language Teachers’ Experiences and Strategies
Authors: Zondi Sboniso Praisegod , Mbatha Siphelele
Published: August 2024

Teaching English as a Second Language (ESL) to learners of different basic schooling phases is arguably an interesting yet enigmatic phenomenon, which features a variety of factors such as language diversity, curriculum, policy, and cultural factors. This paper sought to explore the experiences and the strategies employed by ESL teachers to aid learners navigate through linguistic diversity in English Second Language classroom contexts. From the interpretivist epistemological stance, the researchers inferred qualitative data through semi-structured interviews from ten (10) purposively sampled high school ESL teachers from one district in Durban. Data was thematically analysed through the Social Constructivist Theory. The study’s findings indicated that the primary approach used by ESL teachers in linguistically diverse classrooms was various languages in English literature classrooms. Furthermore, the study discovered that using various languages arouses learners’ interests and enhances learner involvement in classroom-based activities. In this regard, the researchers concluded that learners are more engaged and motivated to learn to read, analyse and respond to texts in a multilingual classroom than in monolingual classrooms. The researchers further recommend that teachers use strategies beyond the textbook and policy documents to capture the learner’s attention. Using various teaching approaches, codeswitching, and translanguaging are effective strategies teachers and the Department of Education should not shy away from.

Keywords: Learner interest, Learner engagement, English as a Second Language, Multilingual classrooms, Literature in English, Code-Switching.
Gender, Sport and Society. An Introduction, de Hanya Pielichaty
Authors: Acuña Pedro
Published: August 2024

Reseña de Pedro Acuña del libro "Gender, Sport and Society. An Introduction", de Hanya Pielichaty. New York: Routledge, 2024.
Mario Góngora revisitado, de Valentina Verbal (ed.)
Authors: Sierra Lucas
Published: August 2024

Reseña de Lucas Sierra del libro "Mario Góngora revisitado", de Valentina Verbal (ed.). Santiago: Democracia y Libertad, 2023.
Resonant and Ultra-short-period Planet Systems Are at Opposite Ends of the Exoplanet Age Distribution
Authors: Schmidt Stephen P. , Schlaufman Kevin C. , Hamer Jacob H.
Published: August 2024

Exoplanet systems are thought to evolve on secular timescales over billions of years. This evolution is impossible to directly observe on human timescales in most individual systems. While the availability of accurate and precise age inferences for individual exoplanet host stars with ages τ in the interval 1 Gyr ≲ τ ≲ 10 Gyr would constrain this evolution, accurate and precise age inferences are difficult to obtain for isolated field dwarfs like the host stars of most exoplanets. The Galactic velocity dispersion of a thin-disk stellar population monotonically grows with time, and the relationship between age and velocity dispersion in a given Galactic location can be calibrated by a stellar population for which accurate and precise age inferences are possible. Using a sample of subgiants with precise age inferences, we calibrate the age–velocity dispersion relation in the Kepler field. Applying this relation to the Kepler field’s planet populations, we find that Kepler-discovered systems plausibly in second-order mean-motion resonances have 1 Gyr ≲ τ ≲ 2 Gyr. The same is true for systems plausibly in first-order mean-motion resonances, but only for systems likely affected by tidal dissipation inside their innermost planets. These observations suggest that many planetary systems diffuse away from initially resonant configurations on secular timescales. Our calibrated relation also indicates that ultra-short-period (USP) planet systems have typical ages in the interval 5 Gyr ≲ τ ≲ 6 Gyr. We propose that USP planets tidally migrated from initial periods in the range 1 day ≲ P ≲ 2 days to their observed locations at P < 1 day over billions of years and trillions of cycles of secular eccentricity excitation and inside-planet damping.
The Potential for Organic Synthesis in the Ocean of Enceladus
Authors: Liu Can , Xu Weiming , Zhang Zongbin , Robinson Kirt , Lau Maggie , Huang 黄 Fang 放 , Huang 黄 Fang 方 , Glein Christopher R. , Hao Jihua
Published: August 2024

The Cassini spacecraft detected a soup of organics in the plume of Saturn’s moon Enceladus. Those compounds could provide building blocks for the potential emergence or sustenance of microbial life in Enceladus’ subsurface ocean. However, the sources and stabilities of organics in Enceladus’ ocean are still poorly understood. Here, we perform nonequilibrium thermodynamic calculations to assess the energetics of abiotic synthesis for a broad spectrum of small organic molecules under both cold oceanic and hydrothermal conditions on Enceladus. Most of the organics that we studied are thermodynamically favorable to synthesize at micromolal dissolved concentrations over wide ranges of pH (8.5–11) and redox conditions. This suggests that many of the organic compounds detected by Cassini may be derived from reactions of CO2 and H2. However, some widely assumed precursors of biomolecules, such as formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, and acetylene, are found to be unstable and therefore unfavorable to be synthesized. We found that higher temperatures also seem to favor the synthesis of organic species under Enceladus hydrothermal conditions. Detection of thermodynamically unstable species in the plume might reflect artifacts introduced during high-speed spacecraft flybys and/or active synthesis via degradation of primordial chondritic organics, or biological activities.
Modeling Blazar Broadband Emission with Convolutional Neural Networks. II. External Compton Model
Authors: Sahakyan N. , Bégué D. , Casotto A. , Dereli-Bégué H. , Giommi P. , Gasparyan S. , Vardanyan V. , Khachatryan M. , Pe’er A.
Published: August 2024

In the context of modeling spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for blazars, we extend the method that uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to include external inverse Compton processes. The model assumes that relativistic electrons within the emitting region can interact with and up-scatter external photons originating from the accretion disk, the broad-line region, and the torus, to produce the observed high-energy emission. We trained the CNN on a numerical model that accounts for the injection of electrons, their self-consistent cooling, and pair creation-annihilation processes, considering both internal and all external photon fields. Despite the larger number of parameters compared to the synchrotron self-Compton model and the greater diversity in spectral shapes, the CNN enables an accurate computation of the SED for a specified set of parameters. The performance of the CNN is demonstrated by fitting the SED of two flat-spectrum radio quasars, namely 3C 454.3 and CTA 102, and obtaining their parameter posterior distributions. For the first source, the available data in the low-energy band allowed us to constrain the minimum Lorentz factor of the electrons,

γ

min

, while for the second source, due to the lack of these data,

γ

min

=

10

2

was set. We used the obtained parameters to investigate the energetics of the system. The model developed here, along with one from Bégué et al., enables self-consistent, in-depth modeling of blazar broadband emissions within a leptonic scenario.
Effects of Halo Spin on the Formation and Evolution of Bars in Disk Galaxies
Authors: Jang Dajeong , Kim Woong-Tae
Published: August 2024

The spin of dark halos has been shown to significantly affect bar formation and evolution in disk galaxies. To understand the physical role of halo spin in bar formation, we run N-body simulations of isolated, Milky Way–sized galaxies by varying the halo spin parameter in the range −0.16 ≤ λ ≤ 0.16 and the bulge mass. We find that our adopted halo alone is subject to swing amplification of an m = 2 nonaxisymmetric mode rotating in the same sense as the halo, which assists or inhibits the bar formation in a disk depending on its sense of rotation. The m = 2 mode in the disk, growing via swing amplification, interacts constructively (destructively) with the m = 2 mode in the prograde (retrograde) halo, promoting (delaying) bar formation. A bar grows by losing its angular momentum primarily to a halo. Since the halo particles inside (outside) the corotation resonance with the bar can emit (absorb) angular momentum to (from) the bar, the bar pattern speed decays more slowly for larger λ > 0, while it decreases relatively fast almost independent of λ ≤ 0. Models with a strong bar develop a boxy peanut-shaped bulge. In models without a bulge, this occurs rapidly via buckling instability, while bars with a bulge thicken gradually without undergoing buckling instability. Among the models considered in the present work, the bar in the λ = 0.06 model with a bulge of 10% of the disk mass best describes the Milky Way in terms of its length and pattern speed.
Cold Water Emission Cannot Be Used to Infer Depletion of Bulk Elemental Oxygen [O/H] in Disks
Authors: Ruaud Maxime , Gorti Uma
Published: August 2024

We reexamine the constraints provided by Herschel Space Observatory data regarding cold water emission from protoplanetary disks. Previous disk models that were used to interpret observed water emission concluded that oxygen (O/H) is depleted by at least 2 orders of magnitude if a standard, interstellar gas/dust mass ratio is assumed in the disk. In this work, we use model results from a recent disk parameter survey and show that most of the Herschel constraints obtained for cold water (i.e., for transitions with an upper energy level E
up < 200 K, where the bulk of the disk water lies) can be explained with disk models adopting interstellar medium-like oxygen elemental abundance (i.e., O/H = 3.2 × 10−4) and the canonical gas/dust mass ratio of 100. We show that cold water vapor is mainly formed by photodesorption of water ice at the interface between the molecular layer and the midplane, and that its emission is relatively independent of the main disk properties like the disk gas mass and gas/dust mass ratio. We find that the abundance of water vapor in the outer disk is set by photoprocesses and depends on the (constant) vertical column density of water ice needed to attenuate the far-ultraviolet photon flux, resulting in roughly constant emission for the parameters (gas mass, dust mass, disk radius) varied in our survey. Importantly, water line emission is found to be optically thick and hence sensitive to temperature more than abundance, possibly driving previous inferences of large-scale oxygen depletion.
Late-time Radio Flares in Tidal Disruption Events
Authors: Matsumoto Tatsuya , Piran Tsvi
Published: August 2024

Radio monitoring unveiled late (hundreds to a thousand days) radio flares in a significant fraction of tidal disruption events. We propose that these late-time radio flares are a natural outcome if the surrounding density profile flattens outside the Bondi radius. At the Bondi radius, the outflow is optically thin (above a few GHz) to synchrotron self-absorption. As more and more material is swept up, the radio emission rises asymptotically as ∝ t
3 until the outflow begins to decelerate. A detection of such a rise and a late-time maximum constrains the black hole mass and the mass and energy of the radio-emitting outflow. We show that this model can give reasonable fits to some observed light curves, leading to reasonable estimates of the black hole and outflow masses. We also find that the slope of the density profile within the Bondi radius determines whether an early-time (∼102 days) radio peak exists.
The MOSDEF-KCWI Survey: Spectral Properties of Lyα Halos around z ∼ 2 Star-forming Galaxies
Authors: Weldon Andrew , Song Zhiyuan , Reddy Naveen A. , Shapley Alice E.
Published: August 2024

We present Keck Cosmic Web Imager integral field observations of extended Lyα emission in the circumgalactic medium of 27 typical star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2, drawn from the Multi-Object Spectrometer for Infra-Red Exploration (MOSFIRE) Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) survey. Using composite spectra in two bins of star formation rate (SFR), star formation rate surface density (ΣSFR), and other galactic properties, we measure spatial variations in the Lyα profile across three regions in the Lyα halo. We find single-peaked, redshifted profiles are ubiquitous within a central 7 kpc radius region. Further out in the halo (7–14 and 14–21 kpc), the Lyα profile of the resonantly scattered emission exhibits more diversity, either transitioning to a double-peaked profile or remaining single peaked across the halo. We find a shorter scale length of the Lyα halo surface brightness profile for composite halos with faster winds. The composites have a similar average inclination, suggesting those with faster winds clear channels in the interstellar medium (ISM), reducing the fraction of Lyα photons resonantly scattered to large radii. A uniform expanding shell radiative transfer model reproduces the shape but not the normalization of the observed double-peaked Lyα profiles. Models that adopt a more realistic, clumpy ISM are likely needed to reproduce both the shape and normalization of the Lyα profiles.
The Impact of Stellar Radiative Feedback on Formation of Young Massive Clusters via Fast H i Gas Collisions
Authors: Maeda Ryunosuke , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Omukai Kazuyuki , Fukui Yasuo , Tsuge Kisetsu
Published: August 2024

Young massive clusters (YMCs) are dense aggregates of young stars and are often speculated as potential precursors to globular clusters. However, the formation mechanism of massive and compact gas clumps that precede YMCs remains unknown. In this paper, we study the formation of such massive clumps via fast H i gas collisions (∼100 km s−1) as suggested by recent observations and their subsequent evolution into YMCs by using three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics simulations involving self-gravity and detailed thermal/chemical processes. In particular, the impact of ionization feedback from stellar radiation is included in an approximate fashion where the temperature within the H ii regions is elevated to 10,000 K, while supernova feedback is not included. We examine whether the resulting massive clumps can survive this ionization feedback and evolve into YMCs. Our simulations reveal the emergence of gas clumps that not only possess substantial mass (∼105
M
⊙) but also sufficient compactness (∼5 pc). Notably, these clumps exhibit significantly higher escape velocities compared to the sound speed of the H ii region, indicating effective gravitational retention of gas against feedback-induced evaporation. Consequently, these conditions foster efficient star formation within the massive gas clumps, ultimately leading to their evolution into YMCs. We also perform simulations involving lower-velocity gas collisions, approximately 15 km s−1, typical shock velocities induced by galactic superbubbles. In contrast to the high-velocity collisions, we find that molecular cloud formation does not occur in the case of 1 cm−3 gas collision, while YMC formation is observed in the presence of denser gas of 10 cm−3. However, the formation of YMCs requires compression periods exceeding 10 Myr in these cases, indicating a potential preference for gas collisions driven by intergalactic interactions rather than galactic superbubbles for YMC formation.
A Surprising Excess of Radio Emission in Extremely Stable Quasars: A Unique Clue to Jet Launching?
Authors: Kang Wen-Yong , Wang Jun-Xian , Cai Zhen-Yi , Wang Hao-Chen , Ren Wen-Ke , Liao Mai , Yuan Feng , Zdziarski Andrzej , Cao Xinwu
Published: August 2024

Quasars are generally divided into jetted radio-loud and nonjetted radio-quiet ones, but why only 10% of quasars are radio-loud has been puzzling for decades. Other than jet-induced phenomena, black hole mass, or Eddington ratio, a prominent difference between jetted and nonjetted quasars has scarcely been detected. Here we show a unique distinction between them, and the mystery of jet launching could be disclosed by a prominent excess of radio emission in extremely stable quasars (ESQs; i.e., type 1 quasars with extremely weak variability in UV/optical over 10 yr). Specifically, we find that >25% of the ESQs are detected by the FIRST/VLASS radio survey, while only ∼6%–8% of the control sample, matched in redshift, luminosity, and Eddington ratio, are radio-detected. The excess of radio detection in ESQs has a significance of 4.4σ (99.9995%) and predominantly occurs at intermediate radio loudness with R ∼ 10–60. The radio detection fraction of ESQs also tends to increase in the ESQ samples selected with more stringent thresholds. Our results are in contrast to the common view that radio-loud quasars are likely more variable in UV/optical due to jet contribution. New clues/challenges posed by our findings highlight the importance of extensive follow-up observations to probe the nature of jets in ESQs and theoretical studies on the link between jet launching and ESQs. Moreover, our results make ESQs, an essential population that has never been explored, unique targets in the burgeoning era of time domain astronomy, like their opposite counterparts of quasars exhibiting extreme variability or changing-look features.
Diagnostics of Magnetohydrodynamic Modes in the Interstellar Medium through Synchrotron Polarization Statistics
Authors: Pavaskar Parth , Yuen Ka Ho , Yan Huirong , Malik Sunil
Published: August 2024

One of the biggest challenges in understanding magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is identifying the plasma mode components from observational data. Previous studies on synchrotron polarization from the interstellar medium (ISM) suggest that the dominant MHD modes can be identified via statistics of Stokes parameters, which would be crucial for studying various ISM processes such as the scattering and acceleration of cosmic rays, star formation, and dynamo. In this paper, we present a numerical study of the synchrotron polarization analysis (SPA) method through systematic investigation of the statistical properties of the Stokes parameters. We derive the theoretical basis for our method from the fundamental statistics of MHD turbulence, recognizing that the projection of the MHD modes allows us to identify the modes dominating the energy fraction from synchrotron observations. Based on the discovery, we revise the SPA method using synthetic synchrotron polarization observations obtained from 3D ideal MHD simulations with a wide range of plasma parameters and driving mechanisms, and present a modified recipe for mode identification. We propose a classification criterion based on a new SPA+ fitting procedure, which allows us to distinguish between Alfvén mode and compressible/slow mode dominated turbulence. We further propose a new method to identify fast modes by analyzing the asymmetry of the SPA+ signature and establish a new asymmetry parameter to detect the presence of fast mode turbulence. Additionally, we confirm through numerical tests that the identification of the compressible and fast modes is not affected by Faraday rotation in both the emitting plasma and the foreground.
An Alternative Channel to Black Hole Low-mass X-Ray Binaries: Dynamical Friction of Dark Matter?
Authors: Qin Ke , Chen Wen-Cong
Published: August 2024

Both the anomalous magnetic braking of Ap/Bp stars and the surrounding circumbinary disk models can account for the formation of black hole (BH) low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), while the simulated effective temperatures of the donor stars are significantly higher than the observed values. Therefore, the formation of BH LMXBs is still not completely understood. In this work, we diagnose whether the dynamical friction between dark matter and the companion stars can drive BH binaries to evolve toward the observed BH LMXBs and alleviate the effective temperature problem. Assuming that there exists a density spike of dark matter around BH, the dynamical friction can produce an efficient angular momentum loss, driving BH binaries with an intermediate-mass companion star to evolve into BH LMXBs for a spike index higher than γ = 1.58. Our detailed stellar evolution models show that the calculated effective temperatures can match the observed value of most BH LMXBs for a spike index range of γ = 1.7–2.1. However, the simulated mass-transfer rates when γ = 2.0 and 2.1 are too high to be consistent with the observed properties showing that BH LMXBs appear as soft X-ray transients. Therefore, the dynamical friction of dark matter can only alleviate the effective temperature problem of those BH LMXBs with a relatively short orbital period.
First report of albinism for Achalinus sheni (Serpentes, Xenodermidae), with extended diagnosis of the species
Authors: Xu Yu-Hao , Wang Shuai , Ma Shun , Burbrink Frank T. , Peng Li-Fang , Huang Song
Published: August 2024

Albinism is an uncommon phenomenon and inherited condition in animals characterized by a partial or complete lack of melanin. The family Xenodermidae Gray, 1849, is a group of caenophidian snakes widely distributed in South, East, and Southeast Asia, including five recognized genera and 36 species. However, there are currently no reports of albinism in any species in Xenodermidae. Achalinus sheni Ma, Xu, Qi, Wang, Tang, Huang & Jiang, 2023 was first described based on five male specimens from Loudi City and Nanyue District, Hunan Province, China. At the time, there were no descriptions on female individuals. In this study, we report in detail a collected albinistic specimen of A. sheni, which is the first discovery of wild albinism in the family Xenodermidae. We also provide photographs and descriptions of the first three female specimens of A. sheni and extend the diagnosis of this species.
Segmenter les personnes âgées selon leur risque de malnutrition : combinaison d’une approche centrée sur les attitudes et d’une approche comportementale
Authors: Gourmelen Andréa , Guillemot Samuel , Malas Ziad , Dyen Margot
Published: August 2024

• Objectifs Dans une perspective de santé publique, l’objectif de cette recherche est de proposer une segmentation du public âgé pour la prévention de la malnutrition. Pour cela, elle propose une combinaison de deux typologies de consommateurs âgés permettant de les cibler selon leurs attitudes et leur comportement en matière d’alimentation. • Méthodologie Une étude qualitative exploratoire de 42 entretiens semi-directifs portant sur l’évolution de la consommation alimentaire des personnes âgées et leur vécu a permis : 1) de traduire en variables opérationnelles les facteurs de malnutrition chez les personnes âgées et 2) d’identifier des profils de personnes âgées selon leur attitude face à leur expérience des facteurs de malnutrition (typologie qualitative). Les variables traduisant les facteurs de malnutrition ont ensuite été mesurées dans un questionnaire administré en face à face ou par téléphone auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de 300 personnes âgées de 60 à 97 ans en France. Une analyse typologique quantitative a été réalisée sur la base de leurs comportements alimentaires et de leur évolution pour former des groupes homogènes. L’interprétation des résultats a été complétée par des comparaisons entre groupes (tests bilatéraux d’égalité) sur des marqueurs des processus de vieillissement (problèmes de santé, événements de la vie sociale, rapport au temps restant à vivre). • Résultats La typologie qualitative révèle des attitudes « rigoureuse », « désinvolte » ou « optimiste » face aux facteurs de malnutrition. Sur la base des comportements alimentaires et de leurs évolutions, la typologie quantitative montre que les individus peuvent être caractérisés de : « stables », « désengagés », ou « bouleversés ». Ces groupes se différencient non seulement en termes de rapport à l’avenir mais aussi de marqueurs des vieillissements biologique et social. • Implications managériales Ces typologies sont opérationnelles pour les praticiens souhaitant cibler les consommateurs âgés en matière de risque de malnutrition. Spécifiquement, ces actions sont présentées pour chaque profil comportemental en considérant ensuite les possibles profils attitudinaux pouvant y être associés. • Originalité Les groupes mis en évidence se différencient non seulement en termes de quantités ingérées mais aussi d’implication dans la préparation des repas et d’attitude à l’égard des préconisations nutritionnelles.
Innover par bisociation entre Responsabilité Sociale de l’Entreprise et société à mission : le cas MAIF
Authors: Schäfer Philippe , Cuénoud Thibault , Helfrich Vincent
Published: August 2024

Cette recherche mobilise le modèle de la bisociation d’Arthur Koestler en management de la créativité. L’objectif est de comprendre comment une entreprise peut devenir politique en capitalisant sur sa démarche de RSE couplée à l’institutionnalisation du passage en société à mission. Le modèle de Koestler nous permet de restituer le travail d’incubation préalable, l’acte de bisociation entre Responsabilité Sociale de l’Entreprise (RSE) et mission, mais aussi son dépassement à travers le projet de développer un modèle d’entreprise engagée en société. Cette recherche qualitative explore le cas MAIF par l’analyse d’entretiens semi-directifs et de documents internes et externes. L’étude permet de comprendre la complémentarité entre RSE et société à mission, ainsi que leurs incomplétudes respectives : instrumentalisation de la RSE d’un côté et purpose washing de l’autre. Codes JEL : O31, O39, G34
Contribution de la recherche-intervention aux Objectifs de développement durable des Nations-Unies pour 2030. Retour d’expérience d’une recherche-intervention en environnement rural cambodgien
Authors: Martin Guillaume , Côme Thierry
Published: August 2024

Nous mettons en évidence la contribution de la recherche-intervention à l’atteinte des Objectifs de développement durable fixés par les Nations Unies pour 2030 en inscrivant notre démarche de recherche auprès d’une entreprise communautaire contribuant à l’ODD n° 6 en répondant au défi de produire et de distribuer de l’eau potable en milieu rural cambodgien.
Le périmètre de l'imprescriptibilité des infractions dans les législations pénales en Afrique noire francophone
Authors: Lekebe Omouali Daphtone
Published: August 2024

Résumé L'analyse des systèmes répressifs des États d'Afrique noire francophone révèle des singularités du temps de la répression. À travers celles-ci se dessine une nouvelle philosophie pénale, qui assigne à la règle de l'imprescriptibilité un domaine inédit et dévoile en même temps la singularité de ses fondements. Ainsi observe-t-on, dans les législations de ces États, une tendance à la généralisation de l'imprescriptibilité au-delà de son périmètre traditionnel. La délimitation de son champ obéit ici à une certaine cohérence. Toutefois, la hiérarchisation des comportements déviants et ses représentations en Afrique doivent maintenir l'imprescriptibilité dans les limites raisonnables afin d'éviter une extension désordonnée de son champ d'application.
Distinctive Transition to Practice Program Design Leads to Reliable Positive Outcomes
Authors: Young Michele , Wornhoff Brandee
Published: August 2024

Designing a transition to practice program to increase foundational skill competency and interprofessional collaboration before unit orientation can produce outcomes that consistently outperform benchmarks. Established structures and processes drive the program to be easily amenable to incremental improvement, further maturing and sustaining the program's positive impacts.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2024;55(8):369–371.]
Circuit simulation-based comparison of power electronics devices in a five-level converter for UAV applications
Authors: Bottaro Enrico Alfredo , Ventura Cristina , Rizzo Santi Agatino
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the performance of a 5-level cascaded H-bridge inverter in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications is analized to identify, at the converter design stage, the better device choice depending on different UAV operation scenarios. Considering that regardless of the specific application there are some typical operations, such as take-off, climb, land, cruise, and potential recurring climbs and descents, the results can support the choice by considering the typical working conditions of the specific application where the UAV would be used. The results have been obtained by simulating the H-bridge inverter considering the circuit models of insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs), and Si and SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) provided by manufacturers. The study has highlighted that the choice of the device depends on the UAV usage, switching frequency, and load conditions. More specifically, considering the typical devices and systems costs in the case of a selective harmonic elimination procedure operating at the fundamental switching frequency, the Si devices should be used. Moreover, the preference for using IGBTs or Si MOSFETs depends on the typical working conditions of the UAV application. In the case of phase-shift carrier modulation technique, at 4 kHz the MOSFET is the best device and the choice between Si and SiC devices depends on the UAV application's main operation scenarios. At 20 kHz the SiC MOSFET is the best device, while at higher frequencies the GaN HEMT cost should be faced to take advantage of its best performance.
Global boundedness in a Keller-Segel system with nonlinear indirect signal consumption mechanism
Authors: Zheng Zihan , Wang Juan , Cai Liming
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we study a quasilinear chemotaxis model with a nonlinear indirect consumption mechanism

   \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} v_{1t} = \nabla \cdot\big(\psi(v_{1})\nabla v_{1}-\chi \phi(v_{1})\nabla v_{2}\big)+\lambda_{1}v_{1}-\lambda_{2}v_{1}^{\beta},\ &\ \ x\in \Omega, \ t>0,\\[2.5mm] v_{2t} = \Delta v_{2}-w^{\theta}v_{2}, \ &\ \ x\in \Omega, \ t>0,\\[2.5mm] 0 = \Delta w-w+v_{1}^{\alpha}, \ &\ \ x\in \Omega, \ t>0 ,\\[2.5mm] \end{array} \right. \end{equation*} $\end{document}

in a smooth and bounded domain $ \Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n}(n\geq 1) $ with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions, where $ \chi, \; \lambda_{1}, \; \lambda_{2}, \; \theta > 0, \; 0 < \alpha\leq\frac{1}{\theta}, \; \beta\geq 2, \; $ $ \psi $, and $ \phi $ are nonlinear functions that satisfy $ \psi(s)\geq a_{0}(s+1)^{r_{1}} $ and $ 0\leq\phi(s)\leq b_{0}s(s+1)^{r_{2}} $ for all $ s\geq 0 $ with $ a_{0}, b_{0} > 0 $ and $ r_{1}, r_{2}\in \mathbb{R}. $ It has been proven that if $ r_{1} > 2r_{2}+1, $ then the problem admits a global and bounded classical solution for some appropriate nonnegative initial data.
Origins and Evolution of Pervasive Computing
Authors: Raju Venkatesh
Published: August 2024

The chapter “Origins and Evolution of Pervasive Computing: A Historical Perspective” takes readers on a comprehensive journey through the history of pervasive computing, tracing its impact on the convergence of digital and physical realms. It explores the historical roots of this field, beginning with pioneers like Mark Weiser, who introduced the concept of “ubiquitous computing.” The chapter highlights the crucial roles of wireless communication and sensor technologies in enabling pervasive computing, showcasing projects like the internet of things (IoT) and smart cities. It also addresses ethical dilemmas, including privacy and security concerns, underscoring the interdisciplinary nature of this domain. This chapter equips readers with a deep understanding of the forces shaping interconnected and intelligent systems and offers insights into future directions, fostering ongoing research and innovation in this dynamic field.
Applications, Requirements, Architectures, Security Issues and Emerging Motivation for Smarter Healthcare
Authors: Radha S. , Visali C. , Aparna C. , Aarthi C. , Logambal R.
Published: August 2024

The healthcare industry has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, driven by the integration of technology and data analytics. Smarter healthcare systems aim to enhance the quality of patient care, improve efficiency, and reduce costs through the intelligent use of technology. This chapter explores existing models, proposes a new model, discusses the requirements and architectures for smarter healthcare systems, addresses security issues, and highlights the emerging motivations for adopting these solutions. One prominent model is the electronic health record (EHR) system, which enables the digital storage and sharing of patient medical records. Additionally, wearable devices and mobile health applications empower individuals to track their health, collect data, and receive personalized insights. A proposed model for smarter healthcare is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms. These technologies can analyze vast amounts of medical data, identify patterns, and provide accurate predictions and diagnoses.
UAV Communication for Various Learning Approaches in Metaverse Healthcare Analysis Using Cloud Computing
Authors: Ramakrishnan Akshay Bhuvaneswari , Srijanani S. , Madavan Mukunth , Manikandan R , Magesh S.
Published: August 2024

The revolutionary integration of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication, metaverse technology, learning techniques, and cloud computing in the healthcare industry is investigated in this chapter. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are capable of collecting a wide variety of data, which can then be viewed in the metaverse. In order to detect illnesses at an earlier stage, machine learning is powered by cloud computing. At the same time that ethical concerns and regulatory problems are being highlighted, the necessity of international collaboration is being emphasized. Applications in the real world illustrate a future in which medical care is not limited by geographic boundaries; it will be possible to receive treatment remotely and receive medical education on a global scale. The chapter is a representation of a collective aspiration to make healthcare a fundamental human right, so rewriting the history of human compassion and the advancement of medical technology.
Blockchain in Healthcare Department
Authors: Srivastava Daksh , Mahanag Nandini
Published: August 2024

Blockchain technology is revolutionizing healthcare data management by introducing unprecedented levels of security, privacy, and interoperability. It provides a tamper-resistant, decentralized ledger for storing patient records and enables secure, transparent sharing of medical data among healthcare providers and patients. With blockchain, patients have more control over their data, ensuring their privacy while enhancing data accuracy. Moreover, healthcare institutions can streamline administrative processes and reduce fraud. This innovative approach promises to improve patient care, reduce costs, and reshape the healthcare industry's data management landscape. The Department of Health and Human Services keeps track of and posts the data breaches. The battle against the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of the blockchain technology.
Graph-Theoretic Approaches to Optimizing Connectivity and Security in Ubiquitous Healthcare Systems
Authors: Sowrirajan R. , Manimekalai S.
Published: August 2024

Graph theory in computer science is an innovative answer to the increasingly complicated modern infrastructure of healthcare, where security and connection are critical and it has a wide range of applications, such as drug development, epidemiological analysis, personalized medicine, and so on. Through the utilization of graph databases and analytics, healthcare practitioners can obtain significant knowledge, improve their decision-making procedures, and optimize their operations. Real-world case studies illustrate successful implementations, such as remote patient monitoring and smart healthcare environments through graph-theoretic solutions The healthcare sector stands to gain from increased patient outcomes, data-driven decision support, and increased efficiency through the incorporation of graph technology. The study describes the field's challenges and future directions. It looks at new trends, untapped applications of graph theory in healthcare optimization, and approaches to ethical and legal issues.
A Bright Future for AR and VR on Mobile
Authors: Sathya G. , Gayathiri A. , Sumitra P. , Sathiya M. , Sabitha S. , Ghinea George
Published: August 2024

This chapter is conceptual in character and concentrates on two more recent technology innovations the fashion industry is making use of both virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR).Using examples from contemporary fashion, the technology acceptance model (TAM) will be used to further assess the perceived utility and usability of AR and VR from a consumer perspective. The chapter ends with a discussion of potential future study areas. Academics and business alike are paying an increasing amount of attention to mobile augmented reality, or mobile AR. Application-based and hardware-based are the two leading platforms for mobile augmented reality applications. Even with the deployment through apps requiring additional downloading and installation beforehand making it painstaking for many platforms distribution, mobile augmented reality implementation through hardware is known to be costly and lacking in flexibility. This chapter looks at the newest technological advancements, active mobile augmented reality deployments, auxiliary technologies, and issues that come up with AR.
Generalized Multi-Granulation Double-Quantitative Decision-Theoretic Rough Set of Multi-Source Information System
Authors: Sang Binbin , Yang Lei , Chen Hongmei , Xu Weihua , Guo Yanting , Yuan Zhong
Published: August 2024

Traditionally, multi-source information system (MsIS) is typically integrated into a single information table for knowledge acquisition. Therefore, discovering knowledge directly from MsIS without information loss is a valuable research direction. In this chapter, the authors propose the generalized multi-granulation double-quantitative decision-theoretic rough set of multi-source information system (MS-GMDQ-DTRS) to handle this issue. First, they propose a generalized multi-granulation rough set model for MsIS (MS-GMRS) as the basis of other models. In this model, each single information system is treated as a granular structure. Next, they combine MS-GMRS with double-quantitative decision-theoretic rough set to obtain two new models. They have better fault tolerance capability compared with MS-GMRS. Furthermore, they propose corresponding algorithms to calculate the approximation accuracy of the proposed models. Experiments are carried out on four datasets downloaded from UCI. Experimental results show that the two new models have better fault tolerance in directly acquiring knowledge from MsIS.
Feasibility Evaluation of Highwall Mining in Open-Pit Coal Mine Based on Variable Weight Fuzzy Theory
Authors: Song Dong , Li Ting , Zhao Yuanlong
Published: August 2024

The operation of highwall mining involves employing a CHM to extract coal from residual seams and transport it outside the mine via a continuous belt system. This study proposes a mathematical framework to assess highwall mining feasibility, synthesizing numerous global engineering cases and examining diverse technical aspects, including geological deposits, mining techniques. This framework integrates AHP, FCE, and VWT, encompassing 20 tertiary sub-indicators with associated characteristic values. Results show that the JZT mine scores a high feasibility membership degree of 0.7113, while the GC mine scores 0.3304. These findings are consistent with on-site applications, validating the model's effectiveness in delineating performance and membership degree of each indicator across diverse case studies. By quantitatively assessing the feasibility of highwall mining technology under varying technical conditions of open-pit coal mines, this model offers scientific guidance for coal mining enterprises considering the introduction of CHM for highwall mining operations in this environment.
Trusted Fine-Grained Image Classification Based on Evidence Theory and Its Applications to Medical Image Analysis
Authors: Xu Zhikang , Yue Xiaodong , Lv Ying
Published: August 2024

Fine-grained image classification (FGIC) aims to classify object of images to the corresponding subordinate classes of a superclass. Due to insufficient training data and confusing data samples, FGIC may produce uncertain classification results that are untrusted for data applications. Dempster-Shafer evidence theory (DST) is widely applied in reasoning with uncertainty and opinion fusion. Recently, researchers extended DST by combining it with deep learning to measure the uncertainty of deep neural networks and perform uncertainty classification. In this proposed chapter, the authors provide a detailed introduction of how to integrate ENN to construct the trusted FGIC model. Compared with the traditional approaches, the trusted FGIC method not only generates accurate classification results but also reduces the uncertainty of fine-grained classification. In addition, they introduce the application of FGIC in medical image analysis to achieve trusted fine-grained medical image classification.
Insect-based products commercialized online: a snapshot of lipid oxidation and mineral content
Authors: Balzan Stefania , Fasolato Luca , Fontana Federico , Currò Sarah , Novelli Enrico
Published: August 2024

This research aims to monitor the conservation status of the lipid and mineral contents of four shelf-stable insect-based products (yellow mealworm, house cricket, mole cricket, and silkworm) marketed online. A total of 32 single-species packs were purchased from various online commercial suppliers. Moisture, lipids, fatty acids, titratable acidity, mineral elements, and primary and secondary lipid oxidation products were determined. Statistical multivariate approaches were applied to investigate the contribution of each chemical variable to the characterization of edible insects. Titratable acidity (up to 37.3 g oleic acid per 100 g of crickets), as well as primary and secondary lipid oxidation products, showed great variability within and between species. The study revealed a significant occurrence of rancidity (45.5% of the samples exceeded the peroxide limit of 10 mEqO2/kg; 100% of the samples exceeded the indication of 1 mg/kg malondialdehyde), whereas the heavy metal content indicated a relatively safe condition, suggesting the absence of potential risks to human health. Both the chemical and the elemental properties could be regarded as potential characteristics suitable for authenticating this food matrix. This study contributes to the description of several chemical features in commercialized processed insect-based products, aiming to highlight possible safety concerns and identify those unfit for human consumption.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Labor Analgesia Practices Across India
Authors: Jain Kajal , Bhatia Nidhi , Parikh Ketan , Singla Karan , Dhir Ankita , Gupta Sunanda , Grewal Anju , Trikha Anjan
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Labour analgesia practices have evolved significantly over the past years, with most of the current practices being evidence-based. Labour analgesia is considered a standard of care in resource-rich countries. However, in resource-limited countries such as India, there is a lack of awareness, and round the clock availability of labour analgesia services across the country. This raises significant challenges in establishing successful labour analgesia programs.

Methods:

This survey was conducted using multi-question Google Form@, so as to improve our understanding of labour analgesia practices in India. Our primary objective was to study the prevalence of labour analgesia practices amongst anaesthesiologists across India. Our secondary objectives included the work profile of anaesthesiologists providing labour analgesia, common techniques of labour analgesia practised, drugs used and common complications as well as side-effects encountered.

Results:

The results of our survey showed that 72.9% of the respondents practised labour analgesia in one form or the other. Practitioners in non-government facilities such as private hospitals, private medical colleges, and nursing homes accounted for more than 60% of the total labour analgesia delivered. Government medical colleges fared the best among practitioners at government-owned facilities. Approximately 85% of those polled agreed that the most common way of pain relief in a labouring patient was regional analgesia. The most prevalent was labour epidural (59.4%), followed by a single shot spinal analgesic, while 29% of anaesthesiologists used systemic analgesia.

Conclusion:

The impediments to delivering widespread labour analgesia services across India were poor infrastructure and high costs.