bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The healing effects of facial BOTOX injection on symptoms of depression alongside its effects on beauty preservation
Authors: Khademi Mohammad , Roohaninasab Masoumeh , Goodarzi Azadeh , Seirafianpour Farnoosh , Dodangeh Milad , Khademi Arash
Published: February 2021

Background

Beauty is closely associated with a sense of calm, confidence, and hope for a better life. Therefore, it is expected that improving the appearance or even correcting one's view of appearance can prevent depression and even improve different degrees of depression in individuals.

Aims

Investigation of whether using botulinum injections (a common method of improving facial esthetics) can improve the degree of depression in clients.

Methods

This prospective interventional before‐after study was conducted on 121 consecutive individuals referred for beautifying the face. Before performing the interventional procedure by facial botulinum injection as well as one month later, the depression status was examined by the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI) questionnaire.

Results

The mean baseline depression score dropped from 18.9 ± 4.8 to 10.6 ± 2.9 during the follow‐up time (P < .001). Using the multivariable linear regression modeling and with the presence of baseline parameters, the main determinants of improving depression score included young ages (beta = −0.541, P = .001), higher educational level (beta = 0.595, P = .015), and previous experiences of botulinum toxin use (beta = 1.072, P = .036).

Conclusion

The improvement in people's moods along with correction of their facial defects following botulinum toxin injections would be expected.
Clinical observation and dermoscopy evaluation of fractional CO2 laser combined with topical tranexamic acid in melasma treatments
Authors: Qu Yan , Wang Fengjuan , Liu Junru , Xia Xiujuan
Published: February 2021

Background

Melasma is an acquired refractory pigmentary disorder, which is a skin disease that predominantly affects females. This investigation aims to assess the efficacy of a low‐power fractional CO2 laser combined with tranexamic acid (TXA) for melasma topical treatment with MASI and dermoscopy.

Materials and Methods

A randomized comparative split‐face study was performed. Each treatment interval was 3 weeks with four times in total. At the same time, we applied TXA solution twice a day. Assessments were made by the MASI score of the melasma area severity index, and the dermoscopy performance was collected and analyzed.

Results

After treatments, the patient MASI score decreased significantly. Compared with the baseline, the MASI score was significantly lower than that of control group (P < .05), and the decrease ratio was higher than that of controls. Dermoscopy examination results verified that all lesions performed reticuloglobular pattern, granular, or punctate, with no structural pigmentation and obvious capillary dilation. After comprehensive treatments, the pigmentation area displayed lighter chroma, the follicle pore uniformity was completely improved, and the capillary dilation was significantly reduced.

Conclusions

Low‐power fractional CO2 laser combined with topical TXA solution is a comparatively effective and safe method for melasma treatment. TXA could reduce the dilation of blood vessels.
The realities of practice change: Nurses' perceptions
Authors: Arsenault Knudsen Élise N. , King Barbara J. , Steege Linsey M.
Published: February 2021

Aims and Objectives

To explore registered nurses' perceptions of practice change and describe factors that influence the adoption of practice changes.

Background

Nurses play a critical role in optimising patient outcomes. Healthcare organisations and nurses must do their part to achieve the Quadruple Aim, which requires nurses to change their practice. Nurses are ideally positioned to improve patient outcomes by changing their practice to align it with research evidence and organisational initiatives; however, this experience of practice change by nurses is grossly under‐studied.

Design

A qualitative design, inductive content analysis, was used to understand nurses' perceptions of practice change.

Methods

Eleven registered nurses, who worked in one hospital system, participated in one‐on‐one semi‐structured interviews. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ) were followed.

Findings

The 11 participants described 63 distinct experiences with practice changes. Their experiences with and perceptions of practice change are categorised as (1) There is A History; (2) It's A Lot of Work; (3) It Happens to Nurses; and (4) Doing Right for the Patient.

Conclusion

Nurses experience practice change as a central part of the work they do; it occurs frequently and multiple practice changes may co‐occur. Nurses identify strategies, such as thoughtful planning, engaging nurses, and communicating the rationale for and the outcomes of the practice change, to facilitate changing practice.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Involving nurses in practice changes could alleviate some inhibiting factors for adopting new practices. Local hospital and national policies should explore creative and practical ways to balance the competing needs of nurses providing direct care at the bedside and dedicated time to be engaged in practice change initiatives. With the ongoing focus on improving patient care and optimising patient safety, nurses should be viewed as highly valued members of the team when designing and implementing practice changes.
Multimodal perioperative pain protocol for gynecologic laparotomy is associated with reduced hospital length of stay
Authors: Mattson Jordan , Thayer MacKenzie , Mott Sarah L. , Lyons Yasmin A. , Hardy‐Fairbanks Abbey , Hill Emily K.
Published: February 2021

Objectives

The primary objective was to evaluate the impact of a multimodal perioperative pain regimen on length of hospital stay for patients undergoing laparotomy with a gynecologic oncologist.

Methods

We compared 52 patients who underwent laparotomy with a gynecologic oncologist at a single institution between 2017 and 2018, after implementation of a multimodal perioperative pain regimen, to a historic cohort of 94 patients (2016–2017). The multimodal pain regimen included pre‐ and post‐operative administration of oral acetaminophen, gabapentin, and celecoxib, in addition to standard narcotics and optional epidural analgesia. Demographic, surgical, and post‐operative data were collected.

Results

On multivariable analysis, bowel resection, stage, surgery length, age, and cohort group were retained as significant independent predictors of length of stay. Patients undergoing laparotomy prior to the pain protocol had a length of stay 1.26 times longer than patients during the post‐implementation period (p < 0.01). For complex surgical patients, this translated into a reduction in length of hospital stay of 1.73 days. There was a significant reduction in pain scale score on post‐operative day zero from 5 to 3 (p = 0.02) and a non‐significant overall reduction of post‐operative morphine equivalents, with similar adverse outcomes.

Conclusion

Implementation of a multimodal perioperative pain regimen in patients undergoing gynecologic oncology laparotomy was associated with a significant reduction of length of hospital stay and improved patient‐perceived pain, even in the absence of a complete Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol.
Chest pain mimicking pulmonary embolism may be a common presentation of COVID‐19 in ambulant patients without other typical features of infection
Authors: Harrison S. R. , Klassen J. R. L. , Bridgewood C. , Scarsbrook A. , Marzo‐Ortega H. , McGonagle D.
Published: February 2021

Background

Radiological and pathological studies in severe COVID‐19 pneumonia (SARS‐CoV‐2) have demonstrated extensive pulmonary immunovascular thrombosis and infarction. This study investigated whether these focal changes may present with chest pain mimicking pulmonary emoblism (PE) in ambulant patients.

Methods

CTPAs from outpatients presenting with chest pain to Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust 1st March to 31 May 2020 (n = 146) and 2019 (n = 85) were compared. Regions of focal ground glass opacity (GGO), consolidation and/or atelectasis (parenchymal changes) were determined, and all scans were scored using British Society for Thoracic Imaging (BSTI) criteria for COVID‐19, and the 2020 cohort was offered SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody testing.

Results

Baseline demographic and clinical data were similar between groups with absence of fever, normal lymphocytes and marginally elevated CRP and D‐Dimer values. Evidence of COVID‐19 or parenchymal changes was observed in 32.9% (48/146) of cases in 2020 compared to 16.5% (14/85) in 2019 (P = 0.007). 11/146 (7.5%) patients met BSTI criteria for COVID‐19 in 2020 compared with 0/14 in 2019 (P = 0.008). 3/39 patients tested had detectable COVID‐19 antibodies (2 with parenchymal changes and 1 with normal parenchyma) however 0/6 patients whose CTPA met BSTI criteria “likely/suspicious for COVID‐19” and attended antibody testing were SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody positive.

Conclusions

32.8% ambulatory patients with suspected PE in 2020 had parenchymal changes with 7.5% diagnosed as COVID‐19 infection by imaging criteria, despite the absence of other COVID‐19 symptoms. These findings suggest that localized COVID‐19 pneumonitis with immunothrombosis occurs distal to the bronchiolar arteriolar circulation, causing pleural irritation and chest pain without viraemia, accounting for the lack of fever and systemic symptoms.
Communities of scholars and communities of practice
Authors: MATHER LYNN
Published: February 2021

This article is a contribution to the occasional series dealing with a major book that has influenced the author. Previous contributors include Stewart Macaulay, John Griffith, William Twining, Carol Harlow, Geoffrey Bindman, Harry Arthurs, André‐Jean Arnaud, Alan Hunt, Michael Adler, Lawrence O. Gostin, John P. Heinz, Roger Brownsword, Roger Cotterrell, Nicola Lacey, Carol J. Greenhouse, David Garland, Peter Fitzpatrick, and David Nelken.
The (im)possibility of sociolinguistic hybridity: Power and scaling in post‐soviet, transnational life
Authors: Catedral Lydia
Published: February 2021

This paper contributes to disentangling hybridity from assumptions about marginality, resistance and the dissolution of boundaries in sociolinguistic scholarship. To do so, it examines how speakers make certain types of hybrid identities (im)possible through their discursive practices of scaling. Focusing on post‐soviet, Central Asian migrants in the United States, I demonstrate how their discourses on ethnolinguistic identity rely on multiple scalar perspectives, which (re)make boundaries in different ways that (dis)allow for hybrid identities to emerge. I show that speakers engage in such discourses in order to navigate their marginal transnational positionings, and that their emergent hybrid identities do not ensure resistance to national norms or transcend categorical boundaries. These empirical observations, I argue, have implications for conceptualizing the relationship between power, marginality and hybrid forms more broadly.
Nano zinc supplementation in goat (Capra hircus) ration improves immunity, serum zinc profile and IGF‐1 hormones without affecting thyroid hormones
Authors: Swain Partha Sarathi , Rao Somu Bala Nageswara , Rajendran Duraisamy , Krishnamoorthy Paramanandham , Mondal Sukanta , Pal Dintaran , Selvaraju Sellapan
Published: February 2021

The trial was aimed at evaluating probable superiority, if any of nano zinc (NZn) over inorganic zinc (Zn) on immunity, serum minerals and T3, T4, and IGF‐1 hormone profiles in goats. NZn was synthesized by using 0.45 M aqueous solution of Zn nitrate and 0.9 M aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (average particle size 74 nm). Twenty‐four male goats were grouped into four groups as per their body weight and were supplemented with either a basal diet with concentrate and straw at 50:50 ratio (Negative control, NC) alone or supplemented with 50 mg/kg Zn (Control) from inorganic Zn source, that is ZnO (IZn‐50), 50 mg/kg Zn from NZn (NZn‐50) or 25 mg/kg Zn from NZn (NZn‐25). No change was observed in thyroid hormone status on zero and 90th day of experimental feeding, but NZn supplementation improved (p < 0.05) IGF‐1 level on 90th day serum samples. Zn supplementation improved the humoral immunity in all the groups irrespective of the source. Similarly, cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) measured by skinfold thickness after injecting Con‐A, was also improved in Zn supplemented groups than control at 6, 12 and 48 h of incubation. NZn‐50 animals showed highest HI (haemagglutination inhibition) titre as well as skin thickness. The (cluster of differentiation in %) was more (p < 0.05) in Zn supplemented groups. NZn‐50 showed higher (p < 0.05) count than NC and similar (p > 0.05) to IZn‐50 and NZn‐25 groups without affecting (p > 0.05) the ratio of , among the treatment groups. Thus, NZn supplementation at 25 mg/kg had similar immunity and serum T3, T4 and IGF‐1 profiles compared with IZn at 50 mg/kg dose.
Phylogenomics and biogeography of Wisteria: Implications on plastome evolution among inverted repeat‐lacking clade (IRLC) legumes
Authors: Xia Mao‐Qin , Liao Ren‐Yu , Zhou Jin‐Ting , Lin Han‐Yang , Li Jian‐Hua , Li Pan , Fu Cheng‐Xin , Qiu Ying‐Xiong
Published: February 2021

The genus Wisteria (Fabaceae) is disjunctly distributed in eastern Asian and eastern North American temperate deciduous forests, and it is widely cultivated around the world as spectacular garden plants. It is a member of inverted repeat‐lacking clade (IRLC). The IRLC Species are characterized by the loss of an IR region in their plastomes, which has long been of great interest. In this research, we report whole plastome sequences from all four Wisteria species and a Wisteriopsis japonica, combining these with existing data to explore phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of Wisteria, as well as plastome evolution of IRLC species. Phylogenetic analyses recognized a clade containing Glycyrrhiza–Wisteriopsis–Wisteria as sister to the remaining genera of IRLC. North American Wisteria frutescens and the three Asian species formed reciprocal clades, and Wisteria brachybotrys was sister to Wisteria floribunda and Wisteria sinensis. Wisteria may have originated in Japan near the boundary of the Oligocene and Miocene. The disappearance of Bering Land Bridge in the late Miocene might lead to the Eastern Asian–Eastern North American disjunction of Wisteria. Allopatric speciation of Wisteria between the Japanese archipelago and the Asian continent in the Quaternary increased the species richness of eastern Asia in comparison with eastern North America. Synonymous substitution rates (dS) of protein‐coding genes in the IRLC species were around 2‐fold (SC genes) or 11‐fold (IR genes) higher than those of non‐IRLC species. For both SC and IR genes, herbaceous legumes have around 3‐fold higher dS than woody ones. Both loss of one IR region and herbaceous habit elevated substitution rates of the plastomes.
Gastroesophageal intussusception and extreme esophageal dilatation secondary to bilateral laryngeal paralysis in a cat
Authors: Tayler Sarah , Mullowney Deirdre , Lataretu Alexandru , Plested Mark , Tuan Jayson , Kathrani Aarti
Published: February 2021

Gastroesophageal intussusception, extreme esophageal dilatation, and laryngeal paralysis are individually rare clinical entities in cats and the simultaneous occurrence in a single animal has not been described. We describe these 3 conditions occurring concurrently in a geriatric cat, and resolution of the cat's clinical signs after treatment with unilateral arytenoid lateralization. This finding supports the need for thorough history taking and examination in cats with extreme esophageal dilatation to determine if upper respiratory tract abnormalities are present, as appropriate treatment might resolve the esophageal dilatation.
Peri‐ictal magnetic resonance imaging characteristics in dogs with suspected idiopathic epilepsy
Authors: Nagendran Aran , McConnell James Fraser , De Risio Luisa , José‐López Roberto , Quintana Rodrigo Gutierrez , Robinson Kelsey , Platt Simon R. , Masian Daniel Sanchez , Maddox Thomas , Gonçalves Rita
Published: February 2021

Background

The pathophysiology of changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected after a seizure is not fully understood.

Objective

To characterize and describe seizure‐induced changes detected by MRI.

Animals

Eighty‐one client‐owned dogs diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy.

Methods

Data collected retrospectively from medical records and included anatomical areas affected, T1‐, T2‐weighted and T2‐FLAIR (fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery) appearance, whether changes were unilateral or bilateral, symmetry, contrast enhancement, mass effect, and, gray and white matter distribution. Diffusion‐ and perfusion weighted maps were evaluated, if available.

Results

Seizure‐induced changes were T2‐hyperintense with no suppression of signal on FLAIR. Lesions were T1‐isointense (55/81) or hypointense (26/81), local mass effect (23/81) and contrast enhancement (12/81). The majority of changes were bilateral (71/81) and symmetrical (69/71). The most common areas affected were the hippocampus (39/81) cingulate gyrus (33/81), hippocampus and piriform lobes (32/81). Distribution analysis suggested concurrence between cingulate gyrus and pulvinar thalamic nuclei, the cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus and piriform lobe, and, hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. Diffusion (DWI) characteristics were a mixed‐pattern of restricted, facilitated, and normal diffusion. Perfusion (PWI) showed either hypoperfusion (6/9) or hyperperfusion (3/9).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

More areas, than previously reported, have been identified that could incur seizure‐induced changes. Similar to human literature, DWI and PWI changes have been identified that could reflect the underlying metabolic and vascular changes.
The gender wage gap and the early‐career effect: the role of actual experience and education level
Authors: Stokke Hildegunn E.
Published: February 2021

This paper studies how the gender wage gap develops with work experience throughout the career. The contribution is twofold. First, the analysis applies matched employer‐employee register data with information on actual, rather than potential, experience. Second, the career effect of the gender wage gap is allowed to differ by workers’ education level. The male wage premium is small upon entry to the labor market, whereas it increases rapidly throughout the early career, before stabilizing. In contrast to the existing literature, the estimates reveal heterogeneity among high‐educated workers, where the widening of the wage gap is much smaller for postgraduates than other college graduates.
Comparison of the Murchison CM2 and Allende CV3 chondrites
Authors: Fendrich Kim V. , Ebel Denton S.
Published: February 2021

The size distribution, abundance, and physical and chemical characteristics of chondritic inclusions are key features that define the chondrite groups. We present statistics on the size and abundance of the macroscopic components (inclusions) in the Murchison (CM2) and Allende (CV3) chondrites and measure their general chemical trends using established X‐ray mapping techniques. This study provides a fine‐scale assessment of the two meteorites and a semiquantitative evaluation of the relative abundances of elements and their distribution among meteorite components. Murchison contains 72% matrix and 28% inclusions; Allende contains 57% and 43%, respectively. A broad range of inclusion sizes and relative abundances has been reported for these meteorites, which demonstrates the necessity for a more standardized approach to measuring these characteristics. Nonetheless, the characteristic mean sizes of inclusions in Allende are consistently larger than those in Murchison. We draw two significant conclusions (1) these two meteorites sampled distinct populations of chondrules and refractory inclusions, and (2) complementary Mg/Si ratios between chondrules and matrix are observed in both Murchison and Allende. Both support the idea that chondrules and matrix within each chondrite group originated in single reservoirs of precursors with approximately solar Mg/Si ratios, providing a constraint on astrophysical models of the origin of chondrite parent bodies.
Trajectory and orbit of the unique carbonaceous meteorite Flensburg
Authors: Borovička Jiří , Bettonvil Felix , Baumgarten Gerd , Strunk Jörg , Hankey Mike , Spurný Pavel , Heinlein Dieter
Published: February 2021

The C1‐ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite Flensburg fell in Germany on September 12, 2019, in the daytime. We determined the atmospheric trajectory, velocity, and heliocentric orbit using one dedicated AllSky6 meteor camera and three casual video records of the bolide. It was found that the meteorite originated in the vicinity of the 5:2 resonance with Jupiter at heliocentric distance of 2.82 AU. When combined with the bolide energy reported by the United States government sensors (USGS), the preatmospheric diameter of the meteoroid was estimated to be 2–3 m and the mass to be 10,000–20,000 kg. The meteoroid fragmented heavily in the atmosphere at heights of 46–37 km, under dynamic pressures of 0.7–2 MPa. The recovery of just one meteorite suggests that only a very small part of the original mass reached the ground. The bolide velocity vector was compared with that reported by the USGS. There is good agreement in the radiant but the velocity value has been underestimated by the USGS by almost 1 km s−1.
Sex‐specific spatial variation in fitness in the highly dimorphic Leucadendron rubrum
Authors: Tonnabel Jeanne , Klein Etienne K. , Ronce Ophélie , Oddou‐Muratorio Sylvie , Rousset François , Olivieri Isabelle , Courtiol Alexandre , Mignot Agnès
Published: February 2021

Sexual dimorphism in plants may emerge as a result of sex‐specific selection on traits enhancing access to nutritive resources and/or to sexual partners. Here we investigated sex‐specific differences in selection of sexually dimorphic traits and in the spatial distribution of effective fecundity (our fitness proxy) in a highly dimorphic dioecious wind‐pollinated shrub, Leucadendron rubrum. In particular, we tested for the effect of density on male and female effective fecundity. We used spatial and genotypic data of parent and offspring cohorts to jointly estimate individual male and female effective fecundity on the one hand and pollen and seed dispersal kernels on the other hand. This methodology was adapted to the case of dioecious species. Explicitly modelling dispersal avoids the confounding effects of heterogeneous spatial distribution of mates and sampled seedlings on the estimation of effective fecundity. We also estimated selection gradients on plant traits while modelling sex‐specific spatial autocorrelation in fecundity. Males exhibited spatial autocorrelation in effective fecundity at a smaller scale than females. A higher local density of plants was associated with lower effective fecundity in males but was not related to female effective fecundity. These results suggest sex‐specific sensitivities to environmental heterogeneity in L. rubrum. Despite these sexual differences, we found directional selection for wider canopies and smaller leaves in both sexes, and no sexually antagonistic selection on strongly dimorphic traits in L. rubrum. Many empirical studies in animals similarly failed to detect sexually antagonistic selection in species expressing strong sexual dimorphism, and we discuss reasons explaining this common pattern.
The change of cardiac axis deviation in catheter ablation of verapamil‐sensitive idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Sun Mingyu , Wang Jian , Wang Zulu , Liang Ming , Yang Guitang , Jin Zhiqing , Liang Yanchun , Han Yaling
Published: February 2021

Background

The underlying mechanism of verapamil‐sensitive idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia (ILVT) has been postulated to be reentrant activation in the Purkinje fiber network of the left posterior fascicle or the left anterior fascicle (LAF). However, changing of cardiac axis deviation in sinus rhythm (SR) or during ILVT after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) has been rarely analyzed.

Methods

Of the 232 patients with sustained ILVT induced and surface electrocardiogram (ECG) in SR recorded before and after RFCA, the changes of ECG morphology in SR and during ILVT were analyzed.

Results

The surface ECG in SR changed in 114 (49.1%) patients after RFCA. ILVT could still be induced in 27 (23.7%) patients. In comparison with the original ILVT, three forms of ECG morphology were observed. In eight patients, the ILVT morphology was unchanged. In the 13 patients with ILVT axis deviation conversion after ablation, the successful target was more proximal. In the six patients with ILVT morphology change but without axis deviation conversion after ablation, the successful ablation site was more distal. Among 15 patients with recurrent ILVT during follow‐up, seven patients had previous axis deviation changes in SR after RFCA, the changes maintained in four patients and recovered in three patients.

Conclusions

The morphology changes on surface ECG in SR after RFCA would not be a necessary prerequisite or a good endpoint for ILVT ablation. To analyze ILVT morphology changes after ablation would help to further clarify an appropriate approach for catheter ablation of ILVT.
Complications in patients with neurological impairment after gastrostomy
Authors: Sakamoto Saki , Hashizume Naoki , Fukahori Suguru , Ishii Shinji , Saikusa Nobuyuki , Higashidate Naruki , Aramaki Shuichi , Matsuo Yusaku , Takeshita Eiko , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Yamashita Yushiro , Yagi Minoru
Published: February 2021

Background

Neurological impairment (NI) is responsible for most conditions that require a permanent gastrostomy tube. The present study assessed the occurrence of short‐ and long‐term complications after video‐assisted gastrostomy (VAG) in patients with NI.

Methods

The incidence of short‐ (<6 months) and long‐term (over 2 years) complications of VAG were analyzed in a retrospective study. The differences between the incidence of the complications of VAG according to the age at surgery (≤15 years vs. ≥16 years) were also evaluated. The short‐ and long‐term complications observed were granulation tissue formation, infection requiring antibiotic treatment, skin problems, perigastrostomy leakage, vomiting, accidental tube dislodgement, dumping syndrome, ileus, and peritonitis.

Results

Eighty‐two patients were evaluated for short‐ and long‐term complications. The long‐term complication rate was significantly lower than the short‐term complication rate (P = 0.0026). Onodera’s prognostic nutritional index before VAG in patients with long‐term complications was significantly lower than in patients without such complications (P = 0.046). The incidence of long‐term granulation tissue formation, infection, and vomiting were significantly lower than those of similar short‐term complications. Long‐term skin problems were associated with short‐term skin problems (odds ratio: 18.95; 95% confidence interval: 4.53–92.98; P < 0.001). The number of patients ≥16 years old with short‐ and long‐term skin problems was significantly higher than in patients ≤15 years old (P = 0.0014 and P = 0.0073, respectively).

Conclusions

The incidence rate of granulation tissue formation and infection after VAG were lower in the long term than in the short term. However, patients ≥16 years old presented with persistent complications.
I despise but also envy you: A dyadic investigation of perceived overqualification, perceived relative qualification, and knowledge hiding
Authors: Li Christina S. , Liao Huiyao , Han Yuqing
Published: February 2021

Integrating relative deprivation (Crosby, 1984) and social comparison (Buunk & Gibbons, 2007) theories, this paper extends perceived overqualification to the dyad level with perceived relative qualification, and proposes that the two may lead to employees’ knowledge hiding from relevant peers through a complex interpersonal process. Across two studies, with 940 dyadic‐level observations (Study 1) and 245 dyadic‐level observations (Study 2), respectively, the social relations modeling analyses revealed that an employee who perceived himself/herself as overqualified for the job was more likely to hide knowledge from his/her peers on the team. Furthermore, when the employee perceived himself/herself as relatively more qualified than a specific peer, he/she was more likely to hide knowledge from this peer because he/she was both contemptuous and envious of this peer. Finally, the relationship between the focal employee's relative qualification to a specific peer and his/her knowledge hiding from this peer via his/her contempt and envy of this peer, respectively, was stronger when his/her perceived overqualification was low than when it was high. Implications for theory, practice and future research are discussed.
Photobleaching of Erythrosine B in Aqueous Environment Investigation Beyond pH†
Authors: Kravchenko Olga , Sutherland Todd C. , Heyne Belinda
Published: February 2021

In the scientific literature, the term aqueous environment is loosely employed as it encompasses a broad range of different buffering agents. While there is an increasing number of experimental evidence that point toward specific buffer effects extending far beyond pH, the impact of the chemical nature of the buffering ions is often disregarded, especially in photochemical studies. Herein, we highlighted the importance of buffer specific effects on both the photobleaching and the singlet oxygen quantum yields of a dye in aqueous environments. For this study, we chose erythrosine B (EB) as our model photosensitizer as its photochemistry and photobleaching are well documented in the literature. We followed EB’s photobleaching via absorption spectroscopy in four different aqueous solvents, including pure water, phosphate, Tris and HEPES buffer. These buffer systems were selected because they are commonly used in biochemical and biological applications. Our results show that specific buffer effects cannot be neglected. Indeed, the singlet oxygen quantum yield for EB is significantly different in HEPES compared to the other solvents. Furthermore, we showed that EB’s photoproduct is highly dependent on the nature of the chemical buffer being used.
Intravenous immunoglobulin‐induced severe vesicular eczematous eruption successfully treated with narrow band‐ultraviolet B therapy
Authors: Koizumi Rina , Fukumoto Takeshi , Jimbo Haruki , Nishigori Chikako
Published: February 2021

Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) are increasingly being used to treat a wide spectrum of dermatological and neurological autoimmune diseases. Although the administration of IVIg does not usually result in severe adverse reactions, side effects of IVIg reportedly occur in 6‐13% of patients. Most reported cases were not severe, and IVIg is considered a relatively safe drug. Some reports described a vesicular eczematous eruption caused by IVIg that was cured by applying topical steroid ointments or systemic steroids. Herein, we present, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of severe vesicular eczematous eruption all over the body induced by IVIg that was unresponsive to topical steroid ointment and was subsequently treated with narrow band‐ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) therapy successfully. NB‐UVB was started at a dose of 400 mJ/cm2 once a week, and swift improvement was observed. The skin rash disappeared in the first 2 months, and the pathogenesis of IVIg‐induced eczematous eruption remains unelucidated. No change in eosinophils and complement levels were observed in our case. Given the increase in the widespread use of IVIg, we have shown that NB‐UVB therapy is a candidate choice for the treatment of IVIg‐induced severe vesicular eczematous eruption.
Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment induces abscisic acid production, reduces stomatal aperture and improves seedling growth in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wang J. , Cui D. , Wang L. , Du M. , Yin Y. , Ma R. , Sun H. , Jiao Z.
Published: February 2021

Cold atmospheric pressure plasmas (CAPPs) have been widely used for pre‐sowing treatment in agriculture to accelerate seed germination; however, information on their application to pre‐transplant seedlings is scarce. The roles of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) on guard cell aperture that control air exchange with the environment were investigated after CAPPs treatment.

In this study, Arabidopsis thaliana seedling growth was evaluated under CAPPs treatment at different doses. Besides, the optimal growth stimulation dose was selected to further evaluate changes in ABA, ROS, Ca2+ and stomatal aperture during growth .The expression of most ABA signalling genes were aslo examined to investigate the mechanism.

CAPPs treatment for 1 min significantly promoted Arabidopsis seedling growth; the ABA concentration in seedlings increased and peaked 48 h after treatment but was lower than in the control after 96 h. Transcript levels of most ABA signalling genes were markedly enhanced at 48 h, although their transcripts were significantly downregulated after 96 h. CAPPs treatment also reduced stomatal aperture after 24 h and accelerated ROS accumulation in guard cells. The Ca2+ concentration in the treatment group was markedly higher than in the control at 24 and 96 h.

The results suggest that CAPPs treatment accelerates ABA accumulation in Arabidopsis at early growth stages and ABA regulates ROS and Ca2+ concentrations to affect stomatal aperture, and both ABA and stoma size are affected in CAPPs stimulation of Arabidopsis seedling growth.
Stratification of methotrexate‐induced oral ulcers in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Magdy Eman , Ali Shereen
Published: February 2021

Aim

There is a deficiency in the data concerning the clinical forms of methotrexate‐induced oral ulcers. This study was conducted to stratify clinical forms of methotrexate‐induced oral ulcers in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Methods

This study included rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving methotrexate as monotherapy. All eligible patients were subjected to thorough clinical examination and full history to identify oral events. Drug history, dose, and duration of MTX were recorded.

Results

Among 794 rheumatoid arthritis patients, mean methotrexate dose and duration were 14.3 mg/week and 5.2 years, respectively. Oral ulcers were detected in 6.2% of the patients and 30% of the patients reported previous oral ulcers. Among the detected oral ulcers, 44.9% manifested as deep irregular ulcers, 30.6% presented as aphthous‐like ulcers, 14.3% were diffuse mucositis, and 10.2% appeared as lichenoid reaction.

Conclusion

Methotrexate‐induced oral ulceration could be localized or generalized. Localized forms were more noticed than generalized forms. Higher doses and longer durations of methotrexate were detected among patients with generalized oral ulcers.
Cross‐strata palaeocurrent analysis using virtual outcrops
Authors: Freitas Bernardo T. , Silva Leonardo H. G. , Almeida Renato P. , Galeazzi Cristiano P. , Figueiredo Heitor G. , Tamura Larissa N. , Janikian Liliane , Figueiredo Felipe T. , Assine Mario L.
Published: February 2021

Although virtual outcrops or digital outcrop model applications in geological studies are becoming increasingly common, virtually no attention has been given to acquisition of palaeocurrent data from cross‐strata. Palaeocurrent indicators are abundant in the sedimentary record, mainly as cross‐strata, and present compelling implications for basin analysis, plate tectonics and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, as well as for sediment transport systems. Palaeocurrents from cross‐strata also comprise a quantifiable parameter in sedimentary successions that can be used in quantitative modelling of depositional architecture with implications for reservoir characterization through outcrop analogue studies. A common obstacle in obtaining large cross‐strata orientation datasets is the limited access to steep and high outcrop faces, as well as financial and time restrictions on field work. To overcome these issues, the simplest workflow for drone‐based acquisition, photogrammetric processing and analysis of virtual outcrops aiming at the attainment of palaeocurrent data from cross‐strata is appraised here. The results show that orientations of cross‐beds measured on virtual outcrops, with and without ground control points, and using two different levels of resolution downsampling, are comparable to field measurements using analogue and electronic devices. Time and financial resources can thus be saved by using the straightforward method presented here to supplement palaeocurrent mapping across wide areas and distinct stratigraphic intervals.
Limiting labels: Opportunities to learn and college readiness among English language learners
Authors: Nguyen Kieu My
Published: February 2021

Over a fifth of California's public schools' students have limited access to college and career pathways due to being labeled an “English‐language learner (ELLs).” As reported by the California Department of Education, in the 2017–2018 school year, of the over 6.2 million students in California, nearly 1.3 million students are categorized as ELLs. The ELL label states students “whose difficulties in speaking, reading, writing, or understanding English may (my emphasis) limit his or her ability to (1) achieve in classrooms where English is the language of instruction and (2) access opportunities to fully participate in society.” Aligned with deficit thinking models, the US school system interprets “may” as “will” and makes decisions that negatively impact a large body of students across the country. The growing body of research reveals that many with the ELL label have been and continue to be intentionally underserved, limited access to postsecondary education, tracked into low‐rigor and stigmatizing course pathways, and are deliberately unsupported to become college‐ready, furthering the inequities in education and limiting options for quality k‐12 educational experiences. The system becomes blinded by the label and ignores students with ELL labels' abilities and capacities to learn. So how are students with ELL labels supposed to become college‐ready, let alone career‐ready? For the purposes of this critical literature review, I will focus on exploring the existing structures that define “college‐readiness” and the disparities created by the intentional tracking of students with the ELL label in comparison to their non‐ELL peers.
The HLA‐A*24:514N allele identified in a volunteer donor for hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Baek In‐Cheol , Choi Eun‐Jeong , Shin Dong‐Hwan , Kim Hyoung‐Jae , Kim Tai‐Gyu
Published: February 2021

HLA‐A*24:514N differs from HLA‐A*24:02:01:01 in codon 167 in exon 3.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DRB3*03:49 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Andreani Marco , Troiano Maria , Ralazamahaleo Mamy , Visentin Jonathan
Published: February 2021

HLA‐DRB3*03:49 differs from DRB3*03:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 191 in exon 4.
Identification of the novel HLA‐DPB1*1149:01
Authors: Galluccio Tiziana , Locatelli Franco , Troiano Maria , Giustiniani Paola , Andreani Marco
Published: February 2021

The new allele HLA‐DPB1*1149:01 differs from HLA‐DPB1*09:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in Exon 4.
The role of context in shaping HIV testing and prevention engagement among urban refugee and displaced adolescents and youth in Kampala, Uganda: findings from a qualitative study
Authors: Logie Carmen H. , Okumu Moses , Kibuuka Musoke Daniel , Hakiza Robert , Mwima Simon , Kacholia Vibhuti , Kyambadde Peter , Kiera Uwase Mimy , Mbuagbaw Lawrence ,   the Migrant Health Dermatology Working Group
Published: February 2021

Objective

To explore experiences, preferences and engagement with HIV testing and prevention among urban refugee and displaced adolescents and youth in Kampala, Uganda, with a focus on the role of contextual factors in shaping access and uptake.

Methods

This qualitative community‐based study with urban refugee and displaced youth aged 16–24 living in Kampala’s informal settlements involved five focus groups (FG), including two with young women, two with young men, and one with sex workers from March to May 2019. We also conducted five in‐depth key informant interviews. We conducted thematic analysis informed by Campbell and Cornish’s conceptualisation of material and symbolic contexts.

Results

Refugee/displaced youth participants (n = 44; mean age: 20.25, SD: 2.19; men: n = 17; women: n = 27) were from the Democratic Republic of Congo (n = 29), Rwanda (n = 11), Burundi (n = 3) and Sudan (n = 1). Participant narratives reflected material and symbolic contexts that shaped HIV testing awareness, preferences and uptake. Material contextual factors that presented barriers to HIV testing and prevention engagement included transportation costs to clinics, overcrowded living conditions that limited access to private spaces, low literacy and language barriers. Symbolic contexts that constrained HIV testing engagement included medical mistrust of HIV testing and inequitable gender norms. Religion emerged as an opportunity to connect with refugee communities and to address conservative religious positions on HIV and sexual health.

Conclusion

Efforts to increase access and uptake along the HIV testing and prevention cascade can meaningfully engage urban refugee and displaced youth to develop culturally and contextually relevant services to optimise HIV and sexual health outcomes.
McKesson® lubricating jelly and Aquasonic® ultrasound gel can be used as bolus materials for radiation therapy
Authors: Gualtieri Patricia , Pethel Timothy D. , Ducker Evan , Nagata Koichi
Published: February 2021

Bolus materials are commonly used for both human and veterinary radiation therapy (RT). Commercially available bolus materials often leave an air gap between the bolus and the skin which can lead to underdosing of the tumor. This prospective exploratory study evaluated the 6 MV X‐ray and electron beam (6, 9, and 12 MeV) attenuating properties for two alternative bolus materials: McKesson lubricating jelly® (MLJ) and Aquasonic 100 Ultrasound gel® (AUG). The results comparing MLJ and water for 12 MeV and 9 MeV electron beams showed <3% difference, however, no other significant differences in radiation dose between water and MLJ nor AUG were seen. Findings demonstrated that both AUG and MLJ have radiation dose attenuating properties similar to water and supported use of these materials as alternative bolus materials for veterinary radiation therapy applications.
Azimuthal Mode Characteristics of Rotating Instability in Axial Compressor Using Compressed Sensing Method
Authors: Tian Jie , Sun Zonghan , Zhang Xiaopu , Ouyang Hua
Published: February 2021

A signal reconstruction algorithm based on the compressed sensing (CS) theory with dual-uniform sampling point (DUSP) distribution is developed and applied to identify the azimuthal mode of axial compressor. A regular failure signal pattern is found, and the corresponding explanation is presented with validation. Azimuthal mode analysis is applied to both numerical and experimental pressure fluctuation signals of rotating instability (RI) in the axial compressor tip region. For numerical calculations, the signal in the azimuthal mode domain is reconstructed by the CS with random measurement points and DUSP, respectively. The success rates and reconstruction errors are discussed in detail. It is shown that the azimuthal mode reconstruction method based on CS combined with DUSP is capable of identifying the complex flow modes in the tip region of the axial compressor. For the experimental results, high azimuthal mode orders are reconstructed based on dynamic pressure signals measured by DUSP. Azimuthal mode analysis efficiency is thereby significantly improved. The time-resolved characteristics of the RI are discussed. Moreover, a robustness analysis is conducted, demonstrating the ability of the CS-based method with DUSP to address sensor failure problems.
Analysis of the Unsteady Flow Field Inside a Fan-Shaped Cooling Hole Predicted by Large Eddy Simulation
Authors: Agarwal Shubham , Gicquel Laurent , Duchaine Florent , Odier Nicolas , Dombart Jérôme
Published: February 2021

Film cooling is a common technique to manage turbine vane and blade thermal environment. Optimizing its cooling efficiency is furthermore an active research topic which goes in hand with a strong knowledge of the flow associated with a cooling hole. The following paper aims at developing deeper understanding of the flow physics associated with a standard cooling hole and helping guide future cooling optimization strategies. For this purpose, large eddy simulations (LESs) of the 7-7-7 fan-shaped cooling hole are performed and the flow inside the cooling hole is studied and discussed. Use of mathematical techniques such as the fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is done to quantitatively access the flow modal structure inside the hole based on the LES unsteady predictions. Using these techniques, distinct vortex features inside the cooling hole are captured. These features mainly coincide with the roll-up of the internal shear layer formed at the interface of the separation region at the hole-inlet. The topology of these vortex features is discussed in detail and it is also shown how the expansion of the cross section in case of shaped holes aids in breaking down these vortices. Indeed upon escaping, these large-scale features are known to not be always beneficial to film cooling effectiveness.
Large Eddy Simulation Investigations of Periodic Cavitation Shedding With Special Emphasis on Three-Dimensional Asymmetry in a Scaled-Up Nozzle Orifice
Authors: Bai Wenjie , Tijsseling Arris S. , Wang Jun , Duan Quan , Zhang Zaoxiao
Published: February 2021

The periodic shedding of cloud cavitation in a nozzle orifice has a significant influence on the flow field and may have destructive effects. Most of the existing research on the shedding of cloud cavitation in an orifice is based on experimental visualization with a focus on the two-dimensional (2D) motion of the re-entrant jet and the shedding mechanism. However, the actual cloud cavitation shedding in an orifice is a complex three-dimensional (3D) process. Some limited signs of three-dimensionality and asymmetry in cylindrical orifices have been detected recently, but the 3D shedding characteristics remain unclear. In this paper, the cavitation regimes and periodic shedding process in the scaled-up nozzle orifice used by the Stanley experiment were simulated with large eddy simulation (LES). The re-entrant jet and periodic shedding mechanism, as well as, the shedding frequency, were analyzed from 2D and 3D perspectives. The main results show that the simulated cavitation regimes and the 2D periodic shedding mechanism agree fairly well with the experimental observations, but more 3D features are revealed. By analyzing the 3D shedding process and the three-dimensionality caused by the inclination of the closure line, the three-dimensional asymmetric shedding mode with phase difference π is revealed. Based upon this finding, the shedding frequency, and Strouhal number are calculated. The corresponding relationships between shedding frequencies and the frequency peaks of the power spectrum density (PSD) for pressure fluctuations are also confirmed. These results extend the understanding of the unsteady cavitating flow within nozzle orifices from 2D to 3D patterns.