bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Iron Stain in Assessing Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Castellani Rudy J. , Mojica Gruschenka , Perry George
Published: October 2016

The timing of the breakdown of red blood cells and organization of hemorrhage has significance in the catabolism of heme and the processing of iron, but also has a practical application in terms of assigning, or attempting to assign, a time course with respect to traumatic events (e.g. contusions and hemorrhages). Attempts to date contusions, however, have generally been unsuccessful by macroscopic observation, whereas the microscopic observations provide broad data but are also anatomically imprecise as a function of time. Intracranial lesions are of particular significance with respect to the timing of organizing hemorrhage given the acute, and often life-threatening nature of the hemorrhages, and the medicolegal investigation into potential crimes. Of concern is that the Prussian Blue reaction for iron, a relatively straightforward histochemical reaction that has been in use for over 150 years, is sometimes suggested as a diagnostic test for chronicity. Therefore, this study examined the utility of the Prussian Blue iron stain in living patients with intracranial hemorrhages and well-defined symptom onset, to test whether the presence of Prussian Blue reactivity could be correlated with chronicity. It was found that out of 12 cases with intracranial hemorrhage, eight cases showed at least focal iron reactivity. The duration from symptom onset to surgery in those eight cases ranged from < 24 hours to more than 3 days. Of those cases with no iron reactivity, the duration from symptom onset to surgery ranged from < 24 hours to six days. In conclusion, the Prussian Blue reaction was unreliable as an indicator of timing in intracranial hemorrhage. The use of the Prussian blue reaction as an independent indicator of chronicity is therefore not valid and can be misleading. Caution is indicated when employing iron staining for timing purposes, as its only use is to highlight, as opposed to identify, pre-existing lesions. With respect to brain lesions, the Prussian blue reaction should not be used in place of the clinical timing of the neurologic decline, or clinical data that is otherwise more accurate and less susceptible to false positive results.
Manuel Toussaint, una vida dedicada al arte
Authors: Greenway Edna C.
Published: October 2016

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Freud y la estética. Una aproximación
Authors: Del Conde Teresa
Published: October 2016

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Proyectos de remodelación del Palacio de Chapultepec en la época del emperador Maximiliano
Authors: Drewes Michael
Published: October 2016

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La procesión de los teomamaque: notas sobre la iconografía de la cerámica moldeada de Veracruz
Authors: Von Winning Hasso
Published: October 2016

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La parroquia de San José de Iturbide
Authors: García Barragán Elisa
Published: October 2016

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Figura humana olmeca de jade
Authors: De la Fuente Beatriz
Published: October 2016

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Portales con columnas-serpiente en Yucatán y el altiplano
Authors: Kubler George
Published: October 2016

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Tiempo y memoria
Authors: Estrada Julio
Published: October 2016

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El matrimonio de Andrés de la Concha
Authors: Fernández Martha
Published: October 2016

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Sobre un fémur con grabados perteneciente a la cultura mexica
Authors: Gutiérrez Solana Nelly
Published: October 2016

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Temas relativos a la danza en la revista Romance
Authors: Dallal Alberto
Published: October 2016

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Dos piras funerarias barrocas
Authors: Vargaslugo Elisa
Published: October 2016

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La catedral de Toluca
Authors: García Barragán Elisa
Published: October 2016

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Una iconología publicada en México en el siglo XIX
Authors: Ramírez Fausto
Published: October 2016

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Marius de Zayas en México
Authors: Moyssén Xavier
Published: October 2016

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San Cristóbal: arquitectura, estilo y mecenazgo en el Yucatán del setecientos
Authors: Bretos Miguel A.
Published: October 2016

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Monumento efímero a los héroes de la Independencia (1910). Federico Mariscal
Authors: Noelle Louise , Schávelzon Daniel
Published: October 2016

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El "Centro de Meditación" en Cuernavaca, Morelos, de Agustín Hernández
Authors: De la Fuente Beatriz
Published: October 2016

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Caritas sonrientes del centro de Veracruz
Authors: Uriarte María Teresa
Published: October 2016

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El albañil, el arquitecto y el alarife en la Nueva España
Authors: Fernández Martha
Published: October 2016

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¿Sinfonía de muerte?
Authors: Velazco Jorge
Published: October 2016

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Retablística novohispana en el Estado de Hidalgo
Authors: Victoria José Guadalupe
Published: October 2016

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La fuente de la antigua plaza del santuario de Guadalupe
Authors: Ruiz Gomar Rogelio
Published: October 2016

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Piedra azteca de sacrificio con cuauhxicalli (?)
Authors: Baquedano Elizabeth
Published: October 2016

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Presencia de cerámica colonial mexicana en España
Authors: García Sáiz María Concepción , Barrio Moya José Luis
Published: October 2016

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El Tratado de Arquitectura de Léonce Reynaud en México
Authors: Moyssén Xavier
Published: October 2016

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Entre la abstracción, la realidad y el realismo. Vlady y la "generación intermedia"
Authors: Espinosa López Elia
Published: October 2016

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Los murales de Carlos Mérida. Relación de un desastre
Authors: Noelle Louise
Published: October 2016

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Marta Foncerrada
Authors: García Barragán Elisa
Published: October 2016

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Sobre arquitectura neoclásica en el centro de México
Authors: Victoria José Guadalupe
Published: October 2016

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Noticias sobre la destrucción del retablo de Tlatelolco
Authors: Victoria José Guadalupe
Published: October 2016

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Una visión de Xochicalco en el siglo XIX. Dupaix y Castañeda, 1805
Authors: Molina Montes Augusto
Published: October 2016

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El templo de Quetzalcoatl en Teotihuacan. Su posible significado ideológico
Authors: Anónimo Anónimo , López Luján Leonardo , Sugiyama Saburo
Published: October 2016

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Comentarios acerca de la construcción de retablos en México, 1687-1713
Authors: Vargaslugo Elisa
Published: October 2016

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Acupuntura nas desordens reprodutivas (Revisão)
Authors: Araújo Amanda Melo Sant’Anna
Published: October 2016

The seasonality of matings, in most species, is dependent on the duration of pregnancy. The equine pregnancy with the next one year, the coverage and the birth of foals happen in the spring and summer period of the year that offers better environmental conditions for species survival (food availability, temperature, light, etc.). The beginning of pregnancy in any species, and in particular in the equine, is marked by several events. During this period the uterus and the ovaries of the mare, and the embryo undergo several changes, adapting to the new conditions. Among these modifications can mention the change of serum estrogens and progestins. Acupuncture is one of the oldest medical treatment methods. The practice of veterinary acupuncture is probably as old as human. In fact, the field of veterinary acupuncture began with the treatment of horses, because of their importance in wars and agriculture -based economy. The stimulation by needles at certain points, such as Bai Hui and VG2 are historically associated with reproduction and knowingly alters plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, progesterone and testosterone. According to the ERM reproductive functions dependent on a cooperative complex functions involving internal organs, Qi -Xue, meridians, specifically of the reproductive organs.
Desempenho de frangos de corte criados em aviários dark house versus convencional
Authors: Rovaris Ellen , Corrêa Gerusa da Silva Salles , Corrêa André Brito , Caramori Junior João Garcia , Luna Uanderson Verrissímo de , Assis Saullo Diogo de
Published: October 2016

In order to evaluate the growth performance of broiler chickens at two different facilities, conventional aviaries (with positive ventilation) and avian dark house (with negative ventilation dark curtain), this study was conducted, from data field of a poultry company located in a region with a warm climate in state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Was evaluated the performance of broilers by body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, mortality and incidence of foot calluses. The results showed that broilers reared in dark house sheds system presented better performances for final weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion. Significant reduction in the incidence of foot callus of chickens reared in conventional sheds. Regarding mortality while creating, there was no significant difference between the two technologies. So the best system, regarding zootechnical results for the keeping of chickens in hot region is the dark house system.
Efeito do ninho com coleta manual versus automática na eclosão de ovos incubáveis
Authors: Rovaris Ellen , Corrêa Gerusa da Silva Salles , Corrêa André Brito , Caramori Junior João Garcia , Luna Uanderson Verrissímo de , Assis Saullo Diogo de
Published: October 2016

In order to evaluate the quality of fertile eggs and chicks born in two different systems of collecting eggs, manual and automatic, a study was conducted from field data of a poultry company located in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Was evaluated the hatchery hatchability, cracked eggs and contamination by bacteria and fungi, the farm was evaluated eggs laid on the floor and use. The results showed that eggs collected from automated nests had better results and lower hatchability percentages of bacterial and fungal contamination, on the other hand, the manual nests showed higher recovery for incubation and lower floor eggs, cracked eggs in relation to no difference. There was no difference of the number of cracked eggs between nests and broiler breeders age.
Shunt portossistêmico em pequenos animais
Authors: Santos Robson Oliveira dos , Sanchez Carlos Alberto , Rocha Rogério Carletti , Mello Michel Eduardo , Carvalho Angélica Rocio
Published: October 2016

The porto-systemic bypass (DPS) or porto-systemic shunt is the most common hepatic circulatory failure in dogs. This pathology is an abnormal connection between the portal and systemic circulation that diverts blood flow from the liver to varying degrees. Thus, toxic and hepatotróficas important arising from the pancreas and intestines are absorbed and sent directly to circulation, bypassing the liver. This decrease in blood flow will result in subsequent atrophy and dysfunction of liver, steadily decreasing hepatic metabolism of the intestinal toxins that accumulate in the blood. The definitive treatment is surgical, by correcting the anomaly. If surgery is not performed, the long-term clinical treatment can be effective for up to two years.
The significance of the expression of cell proliferation and inflammation markers in the development of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma
Authors: Erdoglija Milan , Grgurevic Ugljesa , Cerovic Snezana , Jovic Milena , Baletic Nenad , Sotirovic Jelena
Published: October 2016

Background/Aim. Permanent proliferation and periodical infection are the main clinical characteristics of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma. The aim of this study was to research immunohistochemical characteristics of the skin along with the cholesteatoma process in the nearby tissue. This research should influence further studying of etiology and development of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma. Methods. We investigated clinical, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of cholesteatoma in 50 samples from operated patients with acquired middle ear cholesteatomas. We classified all samples according to their clinical characteristics of cholesteatoma such as bone destruction, presence of infection or cholesteatoma extension and histological characteristics of cholesteatoma such as keratinisation, inflammatory process and extracellular matrix proliferation. We used mouse monoclonal antibodies for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (MAbs for PCNA), Ki-67, COX-2, CD 4 and CD 8 lymphocytes to investigate the expression of those characteristics in the cholesteatoma and in the control skin tissue. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows version 16.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). We used the independent group t-test, Spearman?s correlation analysis and Mann-Whitney U test to analyze statistical analysis. Results. Expression of PCNA, Ki-67, COX-2 and CD 8 lymphocytes in more serious clinical picture of cholesteatoma was almost equal as in less serious clinical picture of cholesteatoma. There was statistically significantly higher concentration of inflammation marker CD 4 lymphocytes, both in the acquired cholesteatoma and in the skin of bony portion of the external auditory canal near fibrocartilaginous annulus in more serious clinical picture of cholesteatoma than in less serious clinical picture of cholesteatoma (p < 0.01). There was statistically significant difference of expression of PCNA, Ki- 67, COX-2, CD 4 and CD 8 lymphocytes between all cholesteatoma samples and the skin of bony portion of the external auditory canal (p < 0.05) and statistically significant difference of expression of those markers between the skin of bony portion of the external auditory canal and retroauricular skin (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Inflammation of the skin of bony portion of the external auditory canal is a milestone in pathogenesis of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma. Expression of CD 4 lymphocytes can be the prognostic factor for acquired cholesteatoma clinical picture development. We found so much diversity in biological behavior through very different levels of cholesteatoma development. Expression of Ki-67 in acquired middle ear cholesteatoma is a reliable and stable marker of proliferation for acquired middle ear cholesteatoma.
Deep tree hollows: important refuges from extreme temperatures
Authors: O'Connell Chris , Keppel Gunnar
Published: October 2016

Tree hollows constitute crucial habitats for fauna and can buffer ambient environmental conditions. The latter property should be especially relevant during extreme weather conditions, which are forecast to increase under anthropogenic climate change. We investigated the buffering capacity of Eucalyptus oleosa F.Muell. ex Miq. subsp. oleosa tree hollows in semi‐arid southern Australia for 28 days under a wide range of ambient temperatures. Tree hollows provided more stable microclimates than ambient conditions, maintaining lower temperatures and higher humidity during the day and higher temperatures and lower humidity during the night. Daytime buffering capacity increased slightly with depth and we recorded a maximum buffering of 15.1°C below ambient temperatures. Maximum day time buffering capacity increased at a rate of approximately 0.6°C per 1°C increase in ambient temperature, meaning that maximum buffering capacity was reached during the hottest periods. The high buffering capacity of tree hollows suggests that old trees with deep hollows are important in facilitating the persistence of fauna during extreme weather events. Therefore, protecting old‐growth forests and vegetation remnants that are rich in tree hollows is an important strategy for mitigating the impact of climate change on fauna.
Simulated drilling noise affects the space use of a large terrestrial mammal
Authors: Drolet Amélie , Dussault Christian , Côté Steeve D.
Published: October 2016

Wildlife is exposed to increasing anthropogenic disturbances related to shale oil and gas extraction in response to rising worldwide demands. As these disturbances increase in intensity and occurrence across the landscape, understanding their impacts is essential for management. On Anticosti Island (Québec, Canada), we equipped six white‐tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus with GPS collars taking hourly locations. We then designed a playback experiment by simulating constant drilling noise emitted by generators to which half of the collared deer were exposed for a three‐week period. Deer tolerated noise levels up to 70 dB(C). However, the number of locations recorded in areas where the noise was above 70 dB(C) was on average 73% (SE ± 18%) lower than before the disturbance, which suggests that deer experienced fine scale functional habitat loss. This loss of habitat occurred up to 200 m from the noise source. The size of home ranges and movement rates did not appear to be affected by the noise disturbance. In addition, during the experiment, deer were able to relocate in areas of their home range where food availability was similar to that of sites used before the disturbance. These results show that drilling noise can affect the habitat use of white‐tailed deer. However, future research is needed to better understand the cumulative impacts of shale mining on large mammals, as this study isolated only one of the many disturbances present near mining sites and for a limited period.
Spring spotlight counts provide reliable indices to track changes in population size of mountain‐dwelling red deer Cervus elaphus
Authors: Corlatti Luca , Gugiatti Alessandro , Pedrotti Luca
Published: October 2016

Monitoring changes in animal abundance is a central issue in conservation biology. Population indices may be a valuable support to wildlife managers in coarse‐scale survey programs, as they normally represent more intuitive and less expensive monitoring tools if compared with absolute estimates. Reliable indices of relative abundance, however, require validation against some known standards. We used mark‐resight estimates to investigate the performance of indices derived from spring spotlight surveys to track changes in a mountain‐dwelling population of red deer Cervus elaphus within the Stelvio National Park, central Italian Alps. Every spring between 2008 and 2015 we conducted four sessions of roadside‐counts using spotlights, recording all sightings of marked and unmarked individuals; the zero‐truncated Poisson log‐normal estimator was applied in a robust‐design fashion to return absolute estimates of spring abundance. We then compared the mark‐resight estimates with two indices of abundance, the maximum number (MNC) and the average number (ANC) of deer counted every spring in the four sampling occasions, using linear models on log‐transformed data. Both the MNC and the ANC proved reliable indices of relative abundance, as their relationships with mark‐resight estimates were positive and highly significant, and the beta coefficients of linear models were not significantly different from 1. The same analysis conducted on subsets of secondary sampling occasions suggested that at least 3 repeated counts every spring are necessary to consistently track changes in deer population size. The reliability of spotlight‐based indices to monitoring deer population changes has been widely debated, possibly owing to inconsistent performances of the method in different landscapes. For mountain‐dwelling deer populations living in similar habitats, our results suggest that spring spotlight surveys represent valuable tools in support of wildlife managers for long‐term, large‐scale monitoring programs; furthermore, they can provide appropriate indices to estimating population growth rates and thus modelling deer population dynamics.
From Terman to Today
Authors: Lubinski David
Published: October 2016

One hundred years of research (1916–2016) on intellectually precocious youth is reviewed, painting a portrait of an extraordinary source of human capital and the kinds of learning opportunities needed to facilitate exceptional accomplishments, life satisfaction, and positive growth. The focus is on those studies conducted on individuals within the top 1% in general or specific (mathematical, spatial, or verbal reasoning) abilities. Early insights into the giftedness phenomenon actually foretold what would be scientifically demonstrated 100 years later. Thus, evidence-based conceptualizations quickly moved from viewing intellectually precocious individuals as weak and emotionally labile to highly effective and resilient individuals. Like all groups, intellectually precocious students and adults have strengths and relative weaknesses; they also reveal vast differences in their passion for different pursuits and their drive to achieve. Because they do not possess multipotentiality, we must take a multidimensional view of their individuality. When done, it predicts well long-term educational, occupational, and creative outcomes.
Beyond citizenship
Authors: Jaoul Nicolas
Published: October 2016

Does the dominant, statist conception of citizenship offer a satisfying framework to study the politicization of subaltern classes? This dialectical exploration of the political movements that emerge from the suppressed margins of Indian society questions their relationship to the state and its outcomes from the point of view of emancipation. As this special section shows, political ethnographers of “insurgent citizenship” among Dalits and Adivasis offer a view from below. The articles illustrate the way political subjectivities are being produced on the ground by confronting, negotiating, but also exceeding the state and its policed frameworks.
Emancipation as social equality
Authors: Roy Indrajit
Published: October 2016

The ethnographies presented in this article point to the ways in which members of oppressed communities imagine emancipation. Instead of analyzing emancipation as stemming from statist precepts of citizenship, I want to direct attention—along with other articles in this special section—to the “arcadian” spaces in which exploited, marginalized, and discriminated populations forge membership in the political community in contentious engagement with both state and society. I draw on ethnographic fieldwork with Musahar landless laborers in the Indian state of Bihar during the winter and spring of 2009–2010, with follow-up visits in September 2013 and July 2014. I focus on their engagement with two organizations, one a leftist political party and the other a cultural organization, to advance my claims. The ethnography reveals that, for the Musahar laborers, ideas of emancipation are anchored in reclamations of social equality rather than a telos of state-centered citizenship.
Head impacts in a junior rugby league team measured with a wireless head impact sensor: an exploratory analysis
Authors: King Doug , Hume Patria , Gissane Conor , Clark Trevor
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency, magnitude, and distribution of head impacts sustained by players in a junior rugby league over a season of matches.

METHODS

The authors performed a prospective cohort analysis of impact magnitude, frequency, and distribution on data collected with instrumented XPatches worn behind the ear of players in an “under-11” junior rugby league team (players under 11 years old).

RESULTS

A total of 1977 impacts were recorded. Over the course of the study, players sustained an average of 116 impacts (average of 13 impacts per player per match). The measured linear acceleration ranged from 10g to 123g (mean 22g, median 16g, and 95th percentile 57g). The rotational acceleration ranged from 89 rad/sec2 to 22,928 rad/sec2 (mean 4041 rad/sec2, median 2773 rad/sec2, and 95th percentile 11,384 rad/sec2).

CONCLUSIONS

The level of impact severity based on the magnitude of impacts for linear and rotational accelerations recorded was similar to the impacts reported in studies of American junior and high school football, collegiate football, and youth ice hockey players, but the players in the rugby league cohort were younger, had less body mass, and played at a slower speed than the American players. Junior rugby league players are required to tackle the player to the ground and use a different tackle technique than that used in American football, likely increasing the rotational accelerations recorded at the head.
Patient-reported outcomes of occipitocervical and atlantoaxial fusions in children
Authors: Vedantam Aditya , Hansen Daniel , Briceño Valentina , Brayton Alison , Jea Andrew
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE

There is limited literature on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing surgery for craniovertebral junction pathology. The aim of the present study was to assess surgical and quality of life outcomes in children who had undergone occipitocervical or atlantoaxial fusion.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed the demographics, procedural data, and outcomes of 77 consecutive pediatric patients who underwent posterior occipitocervical or atlantoaxial fusion between 2008 and 2015 at Texas Children's Hospital. Outcome measures (collected at last follow-up) included mortality, neurological improvement, complications, Scoliosis Research Society Outcomes Measure–22 (SRS-22) score, SF-36 score, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors affecting PROs and HRQOL scores at follow-up.

RESULTS

The average age in this series was 10.6 ± 4.5 years. The median follow-up was 13.9 months (range 0.5–121.5 months). Sixty-three patients (81.8%) were treated with occipitocervical fusion, and 14 patients (18.1%) were treated with atlantoaxial fusion. The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade at discharge was unchanged in 73 patients (94.8%). The average PRO metrics at the time of last follow-up were as follows: SRS-22 score, 4.2 ± 0.8; NDI, 3.0 ± 2.6; the parent's PedsQL (ParentPedsQL) score, 69.6 ± 22.7, and child's PedsQL score, 75.5 ± 18.7. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that older age at surgery was significantly associated with lower SRS-22 scores at follow-up (B = −0.06, p = 0.03), and the presence of comorbidities was associated with poorer ParentPedsQL scores at follow-up (B = −19.68, p = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS

This study indicates that occipitocervical and atlantoaxial fusions in children preserve neurological function and are associated with acceptable PROs and ParentPedsQL scores, considering the serious nature and potential for morbidity in this patient population. However, longer follow-up and disease-specific scales are necessary to fully elucidate the impact of occipitocervical and atlantoaxial fusions on children.
Hemispherotomy in children with electrical status epilepticus of sleep
Authors: Jeong Anna , Strahle Jennifer , Vellimana Ananth K. , Limbrick David D. , Smyth Matthew D. , Bertrand Mary
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE

Electrical status epilepticus of sleep (ESES) is a rare electrographic pattern associated with global regression, which is often poorly responsive to traditional epilepsy treatments and can have a devastating and permanent neurocognitive outcome. The authors analyzed clinical, electroencephalographic, and neuropsychological outcomes in 9 patients with refractory ESES treated with functional hemispherotomy to illustrate the wide clinical spectrum associated with the disease and explore the role of hemispherotomy in its treatment.

METHODS

During the period between 2003 and 2015, 80 patients underwent hemispherotomy at the authors' institution. Video electroencephalography (EEG) reports were reviewed for ESES or continuous spikes and waves during sleep (CSWS). Patients with preoperative ESES (> 85% slow-wave sleep occupied by spike waves), a unilateral structural lesion amenable to surgery, and more than 6 months of follow-up data were included in the analysis. Clinical data, EEG recordings, neuropsychological testing, and parental and clinician reports were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTS

Nine patients were eligible for study inclusion. Age at seizure onset ranged from birth to 4.2 years (mean 1.9 years), age at ESES diagnosis ranged from 3.5 to 8.8 years (mean 6.0 years), and age at hemispherotomy ranged from 3.7 to 11.5 years (mean 6.8 years). All patients had drug-resistant epilepsy. The duration of epilepsy prior to hemispherotomy ranged from 2.7 to 8.9 years (mean ± SD, 5.0 ± 2.2 years). Engel Class I seizure outcome was observed in all 9 children, with a mean follow-up of 3.0 years (range 0.5–6.1 years). Hemispherotomy terminated ESES in 6 of 6 patients with available postoperative sleep EEG. All children had preoperative neuropsychological impairments. Developmental regression was halted postoperatively, but none of the children returned to their original pre-ESES baseline. Four children demonstrated academic gains, 2 of whom transitioned to mainstream classes.

CONCLUSIONS

Children with drug-resistant ESES and a unilateral structural lesion should be evaluated for hemispherotomy as they may experience the cessation of seizures, termination of ESES, and improvement in neuropsychological status.
Reconstruction of a large calvarial traumatic defect using a custom-made porous hydroxyapatite implant covered by a free latissimus dorsi muscle flap in an 11-year-old patient
Authors: Morice Anne , Kolb Frédéric , Picard Arnaud , Kadlub Natacha , Puget Stéphanie
Published: October 2016

Reconstruction of complex skull defects requires collaboration between neurosurgeons and plastic surgeons to choose the most appropriate procedure, especially in growing children. The authors describe herein the reconstruction of an extensive traumatic bone and soft tissue defect of the cranial vault in an 11-year-old boy. The size of the defect, quality of the tissues, and patient's initial condition required a 2-stage approach. Ten months after an initial emergency procedure in which lacerated bone and soft tissue were excised, reconstruction was performed. The bone defect, situated on the left frontoparietal region, was 85 cm2 and was filled by a custom-made porous hydroxyapatite implant. The quality of the overlying soft tissue did not allow the use of classic local and locoregional coverage techniques. A free latissimus dorsi muscle flap branched on the contralateral superficial temporal pedicle was used and left for secondary healing to take advantage of scar retraction and to minimize alopecia. Stable well-vascularized implant coverage as well as an esthetically pleasing skull shape was achieved. Results in this case suggest that concomitant reconstruction of large calvarial defects by cranioplasty with a custom-made hydroxyapatite implant covered by a free latissimus dorsi muscle flap is a safe and efficient procedure in children, provided that there is no underlying infection of the operative site.
Contralateral osteotomy of the pedicle and posterolateral elements for en bloc resection: a technique for oncological resection of posterolateral spinal tumors
Authors: Vasudeva Viren S. , Ropper Alexander E. , Rodriguez Samuel , Wu Kyle C. , Chi John H.
Published: October 2016

En bloc resection of tumors involving the spinal column is technically challenging and is associated with high morbidity to the patient due to the proximity of critical neurological and vascular structures and the destabilizing nature of this surgery. Nevertheless, evidence has shown improved progression-free survival with en bloc resection for certain low-grade malignant and aggressive benign musculoskeletal tumors. To avoid the morbidity of en bloc spondylectomy in patients with tumors localized to the lateral and posterolateral spinal column, the authors have found that the goals of surgery can be accomplished through a contralateral osteotomy of the pedicle and posterolateral elements for en bloc resection (COPPER). They reviewed their series of 5 patients who underwent successful tumor removal through a COPPER approach. These patients were all found to harbor spinal column tumors involving the posterolateral elements that, based on pathology, would benefit from en bloc resection. Tumor pathology included chondrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, osteoblastoma, and liposarcoma. Resections were performed by completing ipsilateral facetectomies above and below the lesion and ipsilateral pedicle osteotomies from a contralateral approach following hemilaminectomy. By disarticulating the posterolateral elements while carefully protecting the thecal sac, the tumors were removed en bloc along with the affected lamina, pedicles, pars interarticularis, and spinous processes, allowing tumor-free margins. This technical report suggests that the COPPER approach is safe and effective for en bloc resection of tumors involving the posterolateral aspect of the spinal column with tumor-free margins and that it eliminates the need for anterior column reconstruction.
Spine stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of multiple myeloma
Authors: Miller Jacob A. , Balagamwala Ehsan H. , Chao Samuel T. , Emch Todd , Suh John H. , Djemil Toufik , Angelov Lilyana
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to define symptomatic and radiographic outcomes following spine stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for the treatment of multiple myeloma.

METHODS

All patients with pathological diagnoses of myeloma undergoing spine SRS at a single institution were included. Patients with less than 1 month of follow-up were excluded. The primary outcome measure was the cumulative incidence of pain relief after spine SRS, while secondary outcomes included the cumulative incidences of radiographic failure and vertebral fracture. Pain scores before and after treatment were prospectively collected using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), a validated questionnaire used to assess severity and impact of pain upon daily functions.

RESULTS

Fifty-six treatments (in 38 patients) were eligible for inclusion. Epidural disease was present in nearly all treatment sites (77%). Moreover, preexisting vertebral fracture (63%), thecal sac compression (55%), and neural foraminal involvement (48%) were common. Many treatment sites had undergone prior local therapy, including external beam radiation therapy (EBRT; 30%), surgery (23%), and kyphoplasty (21%). At the time of consultation for SRS, the worst, current, and average BPI pain scores at these treatment sites were 6, 4, and 4, respectively. The median prescription dose was 16 Gy in a single fraction. The median clinical follow-up duration after SRS was 26 months. The 6- and 12-month cumulative incidences of radiographic failure were 6% and 9%, respectively. Among painful treatment sites, 41% achieved pain relief adjusted for narcotic usage, with a median time to relief of 1.6 months. The 6- and 12-month cumulative incidences of adjusted pain progression were 13% and 15%, respectively. After SRS, 1-month and 3-month worst, current, and average BPI scores all significantly decreased (p < 0.01). Vertebral fracture occurred following 12 treatments (21%), with an 18% cumulative incidence of fracture at 6 and 12 months. Two patients (4%) developed pain flare following spine SRS.

CONCLUSIONS

This study reports the largest series of myeloma lesions treated with spine SRS. A rapid and durable symptomatic response was observed, with a median time to pain relief of 1.6 months. This response was durable among 85% of patients at 12 months following treatment, with 91% local control. The efficacy and minimal toxicity of spine SRS is likely related to the delivery of ablative and conformal radiation doses to the target. SRS should be considered with doses of 14–16 Gy in a single fraction for patients with multiple myeloma and limited spinal disease, myelosuppression requiring “marrow-sparing” radiation therapy, or recurrent disease after EBRT.
The Equality of the Gaze: The Animal Stares Back in Chris Marker's Films
Authors: Horner Kierran Argent
Published: October 2016

This article considers a selection of Chris Marker's films in the context of noted differences between Emmanuel Levinas's and Jacques Derrida's positions on the animal as Other, the potential for the animal face. Derrida (2008) himself argues that Levinas ‘did not make the animal anything like a focus of interrogation within his work’ (p. 105). Statements such as this about Levinas's ethics seem to make his position clear. In contrast, Derrida's thinking on the matter of the animal, and in particular human responsibility for them as Other, stands as a thorough and influential body of ethical thought, probing the limited and limiting boundary between human and animal. His autobiographical texts, according to Lynn Turner (2015 , p. 135), welcome animal others. Marker's images, I will argue, address an equity between species through what he refers to as the égalité du regard, an equality in the gaze (of the camera). These images speak to a space beyond themselves and it is within this territory, I will argue, that the animal does have a face, that can occur via that of the human.
‘De jour en jour/ From day to day’: Documenting Times of Self-Mourning in Hervé Guibert'sLa Pudeur ou l'impudeur(1990)
Authors: Elsner Anna Magdalena
Published: October 2016

Mourning is predominantly understood as an emotional process caused by the loss of a beloved other. This is challenged in this article on Hervé Guibert's 1990 La Pudeur ou l'impudeur, a documentary in which the author and photographer represents his physical and emotional suffering through the last stages of HIV-AIDS. The article explores this suffering via the idea of ‘self-mourning’, which denotes Guibert's reflection on his own mortality in the light of terminal illness. In particular, the article focuses on what happens to the notion of time in mourning against the backdrop of Gilles Deleuze and Jean-Luc Nancy.
Memories in Performance: Commemoration and the Commemorative Experience in Jia Zhangke's24 City
Authors: Schultz Corey Kai Nelson
Published: October 2016

In this article, I examine how 24 City (2008) commemorates the factory and its workers through combining memory, the act of remembering, and its recitation, thus creating ‘memories in performance’ that construct an emotional history of this group. I use a Chinese word for commemoration, jinian ([Formula: see text]) to structure this paper into the three components of memory ([Formula: see text]), the act of remembering ([Formula: see text]), and mindful thought and recitation ([Formula: see text]), all of which combine to commemorate the factory and the sacrifice of the worker class. I examine how both the real and fictional interviews in the film create the same emotional meaning through producing emotions that are ‘real’ regardless whether their source is real or fake, thus emphasizing that memory is not only about history and ‘fact,’ but also, more importantly, about the emotion it conveys. I consider how the memories are affective in that they present a past that is being remembered, performed and retold in the present, thus enabling both the real and fictional memories to become ‘real’ in their narration. I analyze how the lived and fictive memories and their remembrance produces a filmic space to commemorate the factory and the workers' sacrifices, and argue that this produces an intimacy with the viewer, in that it presents the workers' history as personal stories being remembered, recalled, and felt again, not sterile facts being repeated. I conclude by considering how this film is indicative of a larger commemorative turn, and how it offers not only a ‘sight’ of commemoration (as an example of Chinese visual culture), but also a site of commemoration – a commemorative object as well as a commemorative experience.
Paths of Glory and the Tyranny of the Greater Good
Authors: Riccomini Donald R.
Published: October 2016

In Paths of Glory (Stanley Kubrick, 1957) the individual's moral intent is distorted, compromised, and eventually co-opted by the overriding utilitarian ethic of ensuring the survival of the system – the ultimate ‘greater good’ – at all costs. The individual may challenge the system in a noble quest for justice, like Dax. He may hypocritically seek professional advancement from striving to serve it, like Mireau. Or he may cynically manipulate it for political purposes, like Broulard. In each case, the consequences are ultimately the same – the individual is forced to align his particular moral vision, however noble or ignoble, with the imperative of the greater good. The individual may resist or affirm the system and achieve some level of moral consistency and purity, but only momentarily and with limited success. In the end, whatever the value or relevance of the individual conscience to a particular situation, it is overridden by the demands of the greater good.
David's Need for Mutual Recognition: A Social Personhood Defense of Steven Spielberg's A. I. Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Manninen Tuomas William , Manninen Bertha Alvarez
Published: October 2016

In Steven Spielberg's A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001) a company called Cybertronics is responsible for creating, building, and disseminating a large number of ‘mechas’ – androids built specifically to address a multitude of human needs, including the desire to have children. David, an android mecha-child, has the capacity to genuinely love on whomever he ‘imprints.’ The first of this kind of mecha, he is ultimately abandoned by his ‘mother’ Monica, and David spends the rest of the film searching for Pinocchio's Blue Fairy so that he can be made into a ‘real boy’ and gain Monica's love. Their reunion finally occurs at the end of the film, after hundreds of years. Typically, the ending in A.I. is panned by critics, and written off as an egregrious example of Spielberg's sentimentalism. However, we argue that the ending is essential in order to portray a certain conception of the nature of human personhood. While many science fiction films about artificial intelligence are centered on the issue of what constitutes personhood, A.I. is one of the very few films that does not regard personhood as something purely intrinsic to the biological (or, in this case, mechanical) construction of the organism. We contend that one of the many the messages of this film is that the journey to complete personhood requires social recognition.
Commercial Humates in Agriculture: Real Substance or Smoke and Mirrors?
Authors: Lyons Graham , Genc Yusuf
Published: October 2016

Soil humic substances (HS) are known to be beneficial for soils and plants, and most published studies of HS and humates, usually conducted under controlled conditions, show benefits. However, the value of commercial humate application in the field is less certain. This review attempts to answer the question: How effective are commercial humates in the field? Commercial humates, especially K humate, are used widely in agriculture today as “soil conditioners”. A wide range of benefits is claimed, including growth of beneficial soil microbes; deactivation of toxic metals; improvements in soil structure including water retention capacity, enhanced nutrient and micronutrient uptake and photosynthesis; resistance to abiotic stress, including salinity; and increased growth, yield and product quality. Despite this, there is a surprising lack of solid evidence for their on-farm effectiveness and findings are often inconsistent. The industry relies largely on anecdotal case studies to promote humates, which are often applied at unrealistically low levels. It is recommended that products should be well characterised, physically and chemically, and that careful field studies be conducted on foliar humate application and pelletised humates at realistic rates, targeted to the seedling rhizosphere, for a variety of crops in a range of soils, including low C sandy and saline soils.
Ultrafine Particle Metrics and Research Considerations: Review of the 2015 UFP Workshop
Authors: Baldauf Richard , Devlin Robert , Gehr Peter , Giannelli Robert , Hassett-Sipple Beth , Jung Heejung , Martini Giorgio , McDonald Joseph , Sacks Jason , Walker Katherine
Published: October 2016

In February 2015, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sponsored a workshop in Research Triangle Park, NC, USA to review the current state of the science one missions, air quality impacts, and health effects associated with exposures to ultraﬁne particles[1].[...]
Noise Annoyance in Urban Children: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study
Authors: Grelat Natacha , Houot Hélène , Pujol Sophie , Levain Jean-Pierre , Defrance Jérôme , Mariet Anne-Sophie , Mauny Frédéric
Published: October 2016

Acoustical and non-acoustical factors influencing noise annoyance in adults have been well-documented in recent years; however, similar knowledge is lacking in children. The aim of this study was to quantify the annoyance caused by chronic ambient noise at home in children and to assess the relationship between these children′s noise annoyance level and individual and contextual factors in the surrounding urban area. A cross sectional population-based study was conducted including 517 children attending primary school in a European city. Noise annoyance was measured using a self-report questionnaire adapted for children. Six noise exposure level indicators were built at different locations at increasing distances from the child′s bedroom window using a validated strategic noise map. Multilevel logistic models were constructed to investigate factors associated with noise annoyance in children. Noise indicators in front of the child′s bedroom (p ≤ 0.01), family residential satisfaction (p ≤ 0.03) and socioeconomic characteristics of the individuals and their neighbourhood (p ≤ 0.05) remained associated with child annoyance. These findings illustrate the complex relationships between our environment, how we may perceive it, social factors and health. Better understanding of these relationships will undoubtedly allow us to more effectively quantify the actual effect of noise on human health.
The Expression and Clinical Outcome of pCHK2-Thr68 and pCDC25C-Ser216 in Breast Cancer
Authors: Jiang Huayong , Wang Bin , Zhang Fuli , Qian Yuanyu , Chuang Chia-Chen , Ying Mingzhen , Wang Yajie , Zuo Li
Published: October 2016

Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2) and cell division cycle 25C (CDC25C) are two proteins involved in the DNA damage response pathway, playing essential roles in maintaining genome integrity. As one of the major hallmarks of abnormal cellular division, genomic instability occurs in most cancers. In this study, we identified the functional expression of pCHK2-Thr68 and pCDC25C-Ser216 in breast cancer, as well as its association with breast cancer survival. Tissue microarray analysis using immunohistochemistry was constructed to identify the expression of pCHK2-Thr68 and pCDC25C-Ser216 in 292 female breast cancer patients. The relationship among protein expression, clinicopathological factors (e.g., human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER 2), tumor size, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification), and overall survival of the breast cancer tissues were analyzed using Pearson’s χ-square (χ2) test, Fisher’s exact test, multivariate logistic regression and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Significantly higher expressions of pCHK2-Thr68 and pCDC25C-Ser216 were observed in the nucleus of the breast cancer cells compared to the paracancerous tissue (pCHK2-Thr68, 20.38% vs. 0%; pCDC25C-Ser216, 82.26% vs. 24.24%). The expression of pCHK2-Thr68 and pCDC25C-Ser216 in breast cancer showed a positive linear correlation (p = 0.026). High expression of pCHK2-Thr68 was associated with decreased patient survival (p = 0.001), but was not an independent prognostic factor. Our results suggest that pCHK2-Thr68 and pCDC25C-Ser216 play important roles in breast cancer and may be potential treatment targets.