bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methods for Estimating Item-Score Reliability
Authors: Zijlmans Eva A. O. , van der Ark L. Andries , Tijmstra Jesper , Sijtsma Klaas
Published: April 2018

Reliability is usually estimated for a test score, but it can also be estimated for item scores. Item-score reliability can be useful to assess the item’s contribution to the test score’s reliability, for identifying unreliable scores in aberrant item-score patterns in person-fit analysis, and for selecting the most reliable item from a test to use as a single-item measure. Four methods were discussed for estimating item-score reliability: the Molenaar–Sijtsma method (method MS), Guttman’s method [Formula: see text], the latent class reliability coefficient (method LCRC), and the correction for attenuation (method CA). A simulation study was used to compare the methods with respect to median bias, variability (interquartile range [IQR]), and percentage of outliers. The simulation study consisted of six conditions: standard, polytomous items, unequal [Formula: see text] parameters, two-dimensional data, long test, and small sample size. Methods MS and CA were the most accurate. Method LCRC showed almost unbiased results, but large variability. Method [Formula: see text] consistently underestimated item-score reliabilty, but showed a smaller IQR than the other methods.
Evaluating Immediate Feedback via Bug-in-Ear as an Evidence-Based Practice for Professional Development
Authors: Schaefer John M. , Ottley Jennifer R.
Published: April 2018

Observation and performance feedback to support traditional training methods are central tools for preservice practitioner preparation and in-service practitioner professional development. Research highlights how some specific characteristics of feedback (e.g., the latency between behavior and feedback) can impact the effectiveness. One method of enhancing the effects of feedback may be immediate feedback delivered through bug-in-ear technology. This review identified 17 intervention studies that examined the use of immediate feedback via bug-in-ear with preservice and in-service practitioners. We evaluated these studies using What Works Clearinghouse quality standards and determined that immediate feedback with bug-in-ear technology has a strong evidence base for increasing frequency and accuracy of teaching behaviors of practitioners in a variety of classroom settings. This review discusses findings on that evidence base as well as findings on feasibility and acceptability of this intervention. We also discuss limitations of current research and potential directions for future research on this method.
Father’s Repeat Migration and Children’s Educational Performance
Authors: Aradhya Siddartha , Scott Kirk , Smith Christopher D.
Published: April 2018

Repeat migration is a common, but unstudied, pattern of migration. This study examines the potential intergenerational consequences of this behavior. To investigate this, we estimate the effect of fathers’ repeat migration on their children’s grade point averages using population-level register data from Sweden. We find that the children of fathers who repeat migrate have a significantly lower grade point average, even after controlling for individual and family characteristics, than children of permanent migrants. Results suggest selection and delayed integration may exert negative pressure on the GPA of children of repeat migrants.
Assessing and addressing domestic abuse by Ex-armed service personnel
Authors: Madoc-Jones Iolo , Lloyd-Jones Nikki , Owen Emyr , Gorden Caroline
Published: April 2018

In the context that separate peer-led services are increasingly being developed to meet the needs of Ex-armed service personnel (Ex-asp) in the criminal justice system, we explore whether such services should also be developed to address any tendencies towards domestic abuse. Based on interviews with 12 imprisoned Ex-asp and 10 service-affiliated informants working with them, we found domestic abuse is not always recognized as a potential problem for Ex-asp. Nonetheless, respondents suggested that interventions to address the potential for domestic abuse by some Ex-asp would be useful and legitimate if they are provided by those with service affiliations. Considering our findings, however, we strike a note of caution about separate and peer-led approaches becoming the default option for working with Ex-asp in the criminal justice system. We suggest the gendered nature of military culture may be associated with concerns about the implications of re-engaging Ex-asp with their military identities. Moreover, being steeped in military culture, we suggest that without training some service-affiliated staff may be unsighted on important aspects of the role gender expectancies play in domestic abuse and poorly placed to respond appropriately to this type of offending.
Adults with intellectual disabilities: Case studies using everyday technology to support daily living skills
Authors: Golisz Kathleen , Waldman-Levi Amiya , Swierat Richard P , Toglia Joan
Published: April 2018

Introduction

Adults with intellectual developmental disorders may have difficulties undertaking activities of daily living. This study aimed to identify changes in independence in activities of daily living following learning support using individualized everyday technologies.

Method

A double-baseline case study design explored the use of everyday technology applications and devices to support functional performance of three men aged 32, 33, and 55 years, with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities. Performance of selected tasks was video-recorded and analysed on four occasions for each participant. Baselines were recorded twice before intervention to ensure the participant’s performance of the selected task was consistent. The intervention video was recorded at the midpoint of the participant’s engagement in the study. Post-intervention video was recorded approximately 1 month after the intervention ended.

Results

All three participants’ functional performance of an activity of daily living task improved in accuracy and efficiency as cues from support workers were gradually faded. After the learning support ceased, technology continued to provide environmental support of participants’ ongoing independence and efficient performance of the activity.

Conclusion

Everyday technology applications and devices can be utilized together with a guided and structured client-centred approach and task-specific training with individuals with disability and learning difficulties.
Alpine sparsely vegetated areas in the eastern Qilian Mountains shrank with climate warming in the past 30 years
Authors: Zeng Biao , Zhang Fuguang , Yang Taibao , Qi Jiaguo , Ghebrezgabher Mihretab G
Published: April 2018

Alpine sparsely vegetated areas (ASVAs) in mountains are sensitive to climate change and rarely studied. In this study, we focused on the response of ASVA distribution to climate change in the eastern Qilian Mountains (EQLM) from the 1990s to the 2010s. The ASVA distribution ranges in the EQLM during the past three decades were obtained from the Thematic Mapper remote sensing digital images by using the threshold of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and artificial visual interpretation. Results indicated that the ASVA shrank gradually in the EQLM and lost its area by approximately 11.4% from the 1990s to the 2010s. The shrunken ASVA with markedly more area than the expanded one was mainly located at altitudes from 3700 m to 4300 m, which were comparatively lower than the average altitude of the ASVA distribution ranges. This condition led to the low ASVA boundaries in the EQLM moving upwards at a significant velocity of 22 m/decade at the regional scale. This vertical zonal process was modulated by topography-induced differences in local hydrothermal conditions. Thus, the ASVA shrank mainly in its lower parts with mild and sunny slopes. Annual maximum NDVI in the transition zone increased significantly and showed a stronger positive correlation with significantly increasing temperature than insignificant precipitation variations during 1990–2015. The ASVA shrinkage and up-shifting of its boundary were attributed to climate warming, which facilitated the upper part of alpine meadow in the EQLM by releasing the low temperature limitation on vegetation growth.
Visual symptoms and childhood migraine: Qualitative analysis of duration, location, spread, mobility, colour and pattern
Authors: Ahmed Mas , Boyd Catriona , Vavilikolanu Radhika , Rafique Bushra
Published: April 2018

Aim

To examine the characteristics of visual symptoms during attacks of migraine in children and adolescents.

Method

A qualitative analysis of prospectively collected data over 5 years, on characteristics of visual symptoms during migraine attacks. Diagnosis of migraine and aura was based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition beta version. We also provided the opportunity for patients to illustrate their visual aura symptoms to aid in diagnosis.

Results

Visual symptoms were reported by 387/1079 (36%) of migraineurs. Of these, 172 (16%) patients fulfilled the International Classification of Headache Disorders Criteria A, B, C iv and D, but missed one (n = 75; 43.5%) or two (n = 97; 56.5%) of the remaining items of criteria C as the visual symptoms were of non-gradual spread (n = 35; 20%), appeared in both visual fields (n = 99; 58%), or lasted less than 5 minutes or more than 60 minutes (n = 129; 75%).

Conclusion

The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition beta version criteria are useful in diagnosis of migraine with visual aura in children and adolescents, but visual symptoms varied considerably in duration, pattern, mobility, location, mode of onset and colours. Providing opportunity for patients to illustrate their symptoms can provide additional diagnostic information. The pathophysiology and the clinical concept of typical MVA is still to an extent an assumption and needs further evaluation.

Approval

The study was approved by the Health Research Authority – London and the local Research and Innovation Department at Barking Havering and Redbridge National Health Service Trust. Formal parental consent was not considered essential for this type of study.
Remission of chronic headache: An 11-year follow-up study. Data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Surveys 1995–1997 and 2006–2008
Authors: Hagen Knut , Kristoffersen Espen Saxhaug , Winsvold Bendik Slagvold , Stovner Lars Jacob , Zwart John-Anker
Published: April 2018

Objectives

To estimate remission rates of chronic headache and predictors of remission.

Methods

In this longitudinal population-based cohort study, we used validated headache questionnaire data from the second (1995–1997, baseline; n = 51,856 aged ≥ 20 years, response rate: 55%) and third wave (2006–2008, follow-up, response rate: 42%) of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study. Chronic headache was defined as ≥15 headache days/month during the last year. Chronic headache remission was defined as headache less than 15 days/month at follow-up. Potential predictors of remission were evaluated using logistic regression.

Results

At baseline, 1266 (2.4%) participants reported chronic headache. Of these, 605 (48%) answered headache questions at follow-up. Remission was observed in 452 (74.7%), the proportion being almost identical in men and women (74.4% vs. 74.9, p = 0.92). In analyses adjusting for age, gender and education level, remission at follow-up was more than two times more likely among individuals without medication overuse headache (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.7–3.6) and without chronic musculoskeletal complaints (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.5–5.0) at baseline.

Conclusions

In this longitudinal population-based cohort study, three-quarters of chronic headache participants remitted from chronic headache. Remission was associated with no medication overuse headache and no chronic musculoskeletal complaints at baseline.
International Medical Graduates in Psychiatry: Cultural Issues in Training and Continuing Professional Development
Authors: Kirmayer Laurence J. , Sockalingam Sanjeev , Fung Kenneth Po-Lun , Fleisher William P. , Adeponle Ademola , Bhat Venkat , Munshi Alpna , Ganesan Soma
Published: April 2018

A position paper developed by the Canadian Psychiatric Association’s Education Committee and approved by the CPA’s Board of Directors on August 15, 2016.
Developing Proficiency in Standardized Cognitive Assessment Scoring: How Much Is Enough?
Authors: Cormier Damien C. , Van Norman Ethan R. , Cheong Clarissa , Kennedy Kathleen E. , Bulut Okan , Mrazik Martin
Published: April 2018

This study aims to systematically evaluate the scoring errors made by psychologists in training, in the hopes of providing strong, empirically based guidelines to training programs. Survival analysis was used to determine the number of attempts required for graduate students to achieve proficiency in scoring standardized record forms from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC-IV). The results suggest that the majority of students will require at least six attempts prior to achieving proficiency in the standardized scoring procedure associated with the WISC-IV. The significant contribution of this study stems from its notably larger sample size ( N = 546 record forms) and increased ecological validity compared with previous studies. As a result, this study is likely to improve training in an area that has been established as a core competency for school, clinical, and counselling psychologists.
Changes in Bullying in Relation to Friends, Competitiveness, and Self-Worth
Authors: Konishi Chiaki , Hymel Shelley , Danbrook Matthew C. , Wong Tracy K. Y.
Published: April 2018

The relationship between social-emotional experiences — number of friends, competitiveness, and self-worth — and changes in bullying behaviour was investigated among students in Grades 5 to 7. This two-wave study included 235 students for the first data collection and 237 students for the second data collection, with a final sample of 227 students who had participated at both time points. Following Zumbo, results of multiple regression analyses, using residualized difference scores, indicated that changes in the school variables (number of friends, competitiveness, and self-worth) were associated with changes in reported bullying behaviour from the middle to the end of the school year. In particular, children’s beliefs about their self-worth were important in predicting changes in bullying behaviour, with increased self-worth being associated with a decrease in reported bullying behaviour.
The Diagnostic Dilemma of Traumatic Lumbar Puncture: Current Standing of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leukocyte Corrections and Our Experience With Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers
Authors: Nazir Mudasir , Wani Wasim Ahmad , Kawoosa Khalid , Dar Sheeraz Ahmad , Malik Muzaffar , Mir Naseer Yousuf , Ahmad Ikhlas , Bhat Rais Ahmad , Bhat Javeed Iqbal , Ahmad Qazi Iqbal , Charoo Bashir Ahmad , Ali Syed Wajid
Published: April 2018

Objective:

To assess the diagnostic efficiency of cerebrospinal fluid markers of procalcitonin, lactate, and cerebrospinal fluid/serum lactate ratio for detecting bacterial meningitis during traumatic lumbar puncture, and to compare these markers with routinely used uncorrected and corrected leukocyte measurements.

Methods:

Infants aged ≤90 days with traumatic lumbar puncture were prospectively studied. The diagnostic characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid assays of uncorrected and corrected leukocyte count, procalcitonin, lactate, and lactate ratio were described and compared.

Results:

Considering the area under the curve (95% CI) analysis and standard cutoff values, the lactate-ratio (0.985 [0.964-0.989] at cutoff 1.2) had the best test indexes for identifying meningitis, followed by lactate (0.964 [0.945-0.984] at cutoff 2.2 mmol/L) and procalcitonin (0.939 [0.891-0.986] at cutoff 0.33 ng/mL) measurement, whereas the corrected total leukocyte count assay (0.906 [0.850-0.962] at cutoff 350 cells/mm3) had diagnostic properties moderately superior to uncorrected total leukocyte count measurement (0.870 [0.798-0.943] at cutoff 430 cells/mm3).

Conclusion:

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of procalcitonin, lactate, and lactate-ratio are reliable markers to diagnose bacterial meningitis in blood-contaminated cerebrospinal fluid.
Democracy and Nonprofit Growth: A Cross-National Panel Study
Authors: Kim Seok Eun , Kim You Hyun
Published: April 2018

This study hypothesizes that a country with a high level of democracy should experience more extensive growth in its nonprofit sector than authoritarian or less democratic countries, controlling for the relevant social and economic variables. We tested this hypothesis using cross-national longitudinal data. The results indicate that a democratic political system affects positively on the emergence and growth of the nonprofit sector across sample countries. However, the relationship appears to be non-linear, although nonprofit activities are sustained at a certain level. We also found different developmental trajectories among the nonprofit sectors that depended on how different countries operated their democratic political systems.
Assessing the deflection behaviour of mechanical and insulated rail joints using finite element analysis
Authors: Gallou M , Frost M , El-Hamalawi A , Hardwick C
Published: April 2018

Rail joints constitute a weak component in the railway system. In this paper, three-dimensional finite element analyses are carried out to study the structural deflection performance of rail joints under a fatigue static test through vertical stiffness assessment. Four different types of four-bolted joints are investigated under a dynamically enhanced static load including a glued insulated rail joint, a dry encapsulated insulated rail joint, a dry non-glued insulated rail joint and a mechanical rail joint. The analysis focused on the accurate simulation of the contact types between the interfaces of rail joint components, namely the rail, fishplate faces, bolts and insulating materials. It also focused on the effect of the elastic supporting structure of the joint with regard to the overall joint deflection. The effect of bolt pre-tension is included in the model. The vertical displacement of insulated rail joints is measured experimentally by dial gauges and a video technique in both laboratory and field settings. The numerical modelling investigated the effect of different contact types on the interfaces of the rail joint components during the performance of fishplates, and of the rail in the vicinity of the rail joint under a given support condition. The vertical displacement of the rail joint was presented and assessed against specified limits of endurance tests and field-measured deflection values that validate the model. Stress distribution in the fishplates was presented that could allow the calculation, through a stress-life approach, the fatigue life of the fishplates and, consequently, of the joints due to repeated wheel passage. A comparison of the performance of the aforementioned rail joint types is included. The results indicate that this finite element model can be routinely used in industries, as it was used in the UK Rail industry study, to allow designers to optimize the life expectancy of insulated rail joints.
Fusarium keratoplasticum infection in an HIV-infected patient
Authors: Medaglia Alice Annalisa , Marco-Hernández Javier , de Ossó Acuña José Tomás , Hermida Lama Evelyn , Martínez-Rebollar María , Caballero Miguel , Rodríguez-Carunchio Leonardo , García Felipe
Published: April 2018

Fusarium infections are very rare in HIV-infected patients, even in patients in advanced stages of immunosuppression. All the reported cases in the literature are of disseminated infection, and with poor outcomes despite prompt and appropriate treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a localized infection with Fusarium keratoplasticum in an HIV-positive patient, successfully treated with a combination of antifungal therapy and surgical removal of the focus.
Proteomics detection of S100A6 in tumor tissue interstitial fluid and evaluation of its potential as a biomarker of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Onsurathum Sudarat , Haonon Ornuma , Pinlaor Porntip , Pairojkul Chawalit , Khuntikeo Narong , Thanan Raynoo , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Pinlaor Somchai
Published: April 2018

Tumor interstitial fluid contains tumor-specific proteins that may be useful biomarkers for cancers. In this study, we identified proteins present in cholangiocarcinoma interstitial fluid. Proteins derived from three samples of tumor interstitial fluid and paired samples of adjacent normal interstitial fluid from cholangiocarcinoma patients were subjected to two-dimensional liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Candidate proteins were selected based on a greater than twofold change in expression levels between tumor interstitial fluid and normal interstitial fluid. Upregulation of six proteins in tumor interstitial fluid, including S100 calcium binding protein A6 (S100A6), S100 calcium binding protein A9, aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4, neuropilin-1, 14-3-3 zeta/delta, and triosephosphate isomerase was assessed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Their potential as markers was evaluated in human cholangiocarcinoma tissue arrays, and in serum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of S100A6 was higher in tumor interstitial fluid than in normal interstitial fluid and showed the highest positive rate (98.96%) in cholangiocarcinoma tissues. Serum levels of S100A6 did not differ between cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma patients, but were significantly higher than in healthy individuals ( p < 0.0001). In cholangiocarcinoma cases, S100A6 level was associated with vascular invasion ( p = 0.007) and could distinguish cholangiocarcinoma patients from healthy individuals as effectively as the carbohydrate antigen 19-9. In addition, potential for drug treatment targeting S100A6 and other candidate proteins was also demonstrated using STITCH analysis. In conclusion, proteomics analysis of tumor interstitial fluid could be a new approach for biomarker discovery, and S100A6 is a potential risk marker for screening of cholangiocarcinoma.
Prevalence of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Factors Associated With Exclusive Breastfeeding of Children in Trongsa District, Bhutan
Authors: Tshering Dolley , Gurung Mongal Singh , Wangmo Neyzang , Pelzom Dorji , Tejativaddhana Phudit , Dzed Laigden
Published: April 2018

The World Health Organization estimated that about 800 000 infant deaths could be prevented annually by exclusively breastfeeding infants for the first 6 months of life. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and its associated factors. A total of 192 mothers participated. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice in Trongsa district was 97% at 1 month, declining to 58% at 6 months. Mothers who returned to formal work were less likely to exclusively breastfeed than those who were farmers or housewives. The main reasons stated by the mothers for not exclusively breastfeeding were lack of the mother’s self-confidence that the child is getting enough breastmilk and mothers having to return to work, 59% and 22%, respectively. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding in Trongsa district of Bhutan is high, and every effort should be made to maintain and improve this rate.
Direct democracy and trade union action
Authors: Erne Roland , Blaser Markus
Published: April 2018

Until recently, the political influence of trade unions primarily relied on ties to labour-friendly political parties. Since the 1990s, however, party-union relations have deteriorated, forcing unions to consider complementary political strategies. This article reviews different direct democratic instruments at local, national and EU levels. We distinguish popular consultations initiated by government from above from citizens’ initiatives initiated from below and discuss corresponding trade union experiences in Germany, Italy, Ireland, Slovenia and Switzerland. We also analyse the successful right2water European Citizens Initiative (ECI) of the European Federation of Public Service Unions and the failed fair transport ECI of the European Transport Workers’ Federation at EU level. Whereas unions have successfully used direct democratic instruments to (i) defend social achievements or (ii) as a lever to extract policy concessions, direct democracy is also challenging. Successful direct democratic campaigns require unions that are able to mobilise their own rank-and-file and to inspire larger sections of society.
Extracorporeal life support: The final ‘antidote’ for massive propranolol overdose
Authors: Chen Liang-Wen , Mao Desmond Renhao , Chen Yih-Sharng
Published: April 2018

Massive propranolol overdose may result in severe cardiotoxicity. A 48-year-old female had consumed more than 5000 mg of propranolol. Despite high-dose insulin, intravenous sodium bicarbonate, glucagon and inotropic support, she became hypotensive and subsequently arrested. Following cardiopulmonary resuscitation, she had a return of spontaneous circulation but continued to experience refractory hypotension. Resuscitation continued with veno-arterial extracorporeal life support. Therapeutic plasma exchange was initiated to shorten time on extracorporeal life support. Extracorporeal life support was weaned off within 67 h, and she survived without neurological deficits. This records the largest propranolol overdose in recent years. When traditional antidotes are insufficient to prevent collapse, extracorporeal life support is a salvage therapy to maintain perfusion and reduce vasopressor requirements. As drug clearance is significantly prolonged, therapeutic plasma exchange can enhance removal of propranolol and reduce the time to extracorporeal life support removal. With increasing expertise and availability, extracorporeal life support should be considered early in patients who have overdosed with significant cardiotoxicity.
Suicidal hanging patient with complete tracheal rupture
Authors: Jeong Hyun Ho , Choi Kyoung Ho , Oh Young Min , Kyong Yeon Young , Choi Se Min , Oh Joo Suk , Park Taek Jung
Published: April 2018

In attempted suicide, laryngotracheal rupture caused by hanging leads to rapid death at the scene or before arrival at hospital. The case presented here describes a patient with complete tracheal rupture from an attempted suicidal hanging who was successfully resuscitated. Pre-hospital providers transferred the patient to hospital without being aware of the possibility of airway damage. Cardiac arrest occurred shortly after arrival at hospital. During the cardiopulmonary resuscitation, endotracheal intubation was performed, and fortunately, the tracheal tube was located just below the ruptured trachea and thus enabled ventilation. For patients suspected of having airway damage at the pre-hospital stage, awareness of the patient’s condition and adequate airway management are important. The management of laryngotracheal rupture which suggests that for patients not adequately ventilated, immediate treatment with flexible fiberoptic intubation or tracheostomy is needed to secure the airway. Equipment and personnel at the receiving hospital need to be prepared for immediate treatment.
Development and application of two multiplex real-time PCR assays for detection and speciation of bacterial pathogens in the koala
Authors: Hulse Lyndal S. , Hickey Danica , Mitchell Jessica M. , Beagley Kenneth W. , Ellis William , Johnston Stephen D.
Published: April 2018

Infectious diseases have contributed to the decline in the health of koala ( Phascolarctos cinereus) populations in the wild in some regions of Australia. Herein we report the development and validation of 2 multiplex real-time PCR (rtPCR) panels for the simultaneous detection of Mycoplasma spp., Ureaplasma spp., Bordetella bronchiseptica, and Chlamydia, including speciation and quantification of Chlamydia, in ocular, reproductive, and nasal swab samples in addition to semen and male urogenital and reproductive tissues, from koalas. Each rtPCR panel was developed for use as a single-tube reaction using pathogen-specific primers and fluorescently labeled probe sets. DNA extracted from reference strains and isolates was used for validation of sequence gene targets for the multiplex rtPCR panels. Each panel was shown to be sensitive and specific in detecting and differentiating the bacterial pathogens. The multiplex rtPCR panels were used to screen clinical samples from free-ranging and hospitalized koalas for multiple pathogens simultaneously. The multiplex rtPCR will improve turnaround time compared to individual-pathogen rtPCR methods used, to date, for confirmation of diagnosis and will provide the wildlife clinician with the ability to make treatment decisions more rapidly.
Development and validation of direct PCR and quantitative PCR assays for the rapid, sensitive, and economical detection of porcine circovirus 3
Authors: Franzo Giovanni , Legnardi Matteo , Centelleghe Cinzia , Tucciarone Claudia M. , Cecchinato Mattia , Cortey Martí , Segalés Joaquim , Drigo Michele
Published: April 2018

Since the identification of species Porcine circovirus 2, the relevance of genus Circovirus has increased given its impact on the swine industry. A new species ( Porcine circovirus 3, PCV-3) has been detected in association with various clinical conditions. Consequently, there is an urgent need for reliable and widely accessible tests for both routine diagnostic and research purposes. We developed a direct PCR (requiring no DNA extraction) and a quantitative (q)PCR targeting the conserved rep gene to detect the PCV-3 genome. Test performance was assessed by testing 120 field samples within different matrices. Both methods were sensitive (detection of 10 viral genome/µL), specific, and repeatable. The substantially perfect agreement between the 2 assays strongly supports their high sensitivity and specificity. The low cost and short processing time of the direct PCR protocol, together with the reliable quantitative results provided by qPCR, support the establishment of common testing guidelines.
Students With Intellectual Disabilities and Career and Technical Education Opportunities: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Lombardi Allison R. , Dougherty Shaun M. , Monahan Jessica
Published: April 2018

Career and Technical Education (CTE) offers the potential for disadvantaged student subpopulations to utilize high school toward preparation for the workforce by encouraging specific career pathways. Yet, to date, very little is known about the intersection of CTE programs and disability. In this study, we conducted a systematic literature review of the vocational education and career readiness literatures, with a particular focus on students with disabilities and, specifically, intellectual disabilities, to identify best practices. Results show that few studies differentiate programs on the basis of disability type, and of those that do, intellectual disability was one of multiple disability types represented in studies. Moreover, the majority of studies focused on preparation of students with disabilities for low wage work, and very few focused on a more sophisticated career pathway and/or postsecondary education and training. Given the current policy climate that focuses on college and career readiness, the paucity of CTE and disability-focused studies in the literature is troublesome, and calls for more targeted research studies to be conducted to inform policy and practice.
Autism Treatment: Families’ Use Varies Across U.S. Regions
Authors: Mire Sarah S. , Hughes K. R. , Manis Jamie K. , Goin-Kochel Robin P.
Published: April 2018

Many treatment types are available for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and various factors affect treatment selection. This study investigated potential variations in treatment types selected by parents in all four U.S. Census Bureau Regions + Montreal, Quebec. Data from 2,647 families from the Simons Simplex Collection were analyzed, and statistically significant differences in using various treatment types were found, depending on where families lived. For example, compared with other Regions, families from the Northeast were more likely to have used most treatment types queried, whereas families from the South and Midwest were more likely to have used psychotropic medications. Statistically significant differences were also found within geographical regions. Understanding variations in the use of treatment types by families affected by ASD is important in identifying needs and opportunities for services in different locations. These findings have implications for addressing families’ treatment access and use when they are considered in terms of both research and practice policies.
A Qualitative Evaluation of Telephone-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Mothers
Authors: Ngai Fei Wan , Chan Pui Sze
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore postpartum women’s perceptions of a telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (T-CBT). Using an exploratory qualitative design, a purposeful sample of 39 first-time Chinese mothers who had participated in the T-CBT was interviewed at 6 weeks postpartum. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed by content analysis. The findings revealed that Chinese women perceived T-CBT to be helpful in increasing their confidence in the maternal role, enhancing their emotional control, and increasing their sense of support. The effectiveness of T-CBT was enhanced by the delivery of the intervention by health care professional and the flexibility of intervention to provide individualized and timely information. The evidence suggests T-CBT is a feasible modality with the potential to support mothers in managing the demands of parental transition. T-CBT could be incorporated into perinatal services on an ongoing and regular basis, and therefore readily accessible to all postpartum women.
Team Psychological Safety and Conflict Trajectories’ Effect on Individual’s Team Identification and Satisfaction
Authors: Johnson Hana Huang , Avolio Bruce J.
Published: April 2018

Using a multilevel field study with data collected over a 9-month period, we tested how team psychological safety interacts with levels of team relationship conflict to influence an individual’s team identification and satisfaction with their team. We propose that team psychological safety measured early in a team’s time together influences what team members can expect to experience in subsequent team interactions. We use identification and team conflict theory to theorize that through sense-making processes, team members evaluate early experiences with their team relative to initial levels of team psychological safety, which then influences their levels of team identification. When team members experience high levels of team psychological safety initially followed by an increasing trajectory of relationship conflict within the team over time, we predicted and found that individual’s team identification decreased, resulting in lower satisfaction with their team. The theoretical and practical implications for aligning early perceptions of team’s psychological safety with patterns of perceived relationship conflict and its effect on team identification and satisfaction with the team are discussed.
The Prevalence of “Late-Onset” ADHD in a Clinically Referred Adult Sample
Authors: Solanto Mary V.
Published: April 2018

Objective: Three recent prospective longitudinal studies of population cohorts reported nontrivial rates of “adult-onset” ADHD. Given that this result is at odds with the neurodevelopmental conceptualization of ADHD, as well as with general clinical experience, we obtained report of onset of symptoms in a clinical sample of adults diagnosed with ADHD. Method: One hundred four adults diagnosed with ADHD completed retrospective ratings of DSM-IV/DSM-5 ADHD symptoms between the ages of 5 and 12 years. Results: Fifty percent of the sample met full retrospective child diagnostic symptom criteria of six ADHD symptoms in either the inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive domains. Seventy-five percent met a less stringent criterion of four symptoms in either domain. Discussion: These results are interpreted in light of a dimensional model of ADHD that posits emergence of ADHD symptoms and corresponding impairment as a function of increasing performance demands and/or decreasing environmental supports during the course of development.
Evaluation of EMLA cream for relieving pain during needle insertion on totally implantable venous access device
Authors: Yin Lijuan , Jiang Shudi
Published: April 2018

Purpose:

Needle insertion is a routine procedure performed on cancer patients with totally implantable venous access device. Although this procedure is painful for most of the patients, it is regularly performed without topical application of local anesthetics. In our study, we assess the degree of pain associated with different duration times of EMLA cream.

Methods:

A total of 361 cancer patients with totally implantable venous access devices were randomly divided into three groups: group 1—placebo, group 2—30 min after application of EMLA, and group 3—60 min after application of EMLA. In this double-blinded prospective study, the efficacy of EMLA cream was compared with a placebo cream by comparing the degree of pain experienced by the patient who was evaluated during and after needle insertion on a numeric rating scale.

Results:

The mean ± standard deviation of pain experienced by the patients was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in group C (0.69 ± 0.98) than groups B (1.11 ± 1.14) and A (1.91 ± 1.40). No significant (p > 0.05) difference was found in mean scores from inexperienced and experienced procedures of needle insertions among three groups. Comparing male patients, the female patients in group 1 and group 2 had lower numeric rating scale (1.59 ± 0.94, 1.39 ± 1.35; p < 0.01).

Conclusion:

The present results review that the application of EMLA cream for 30 min is suitable, acceptable, and convenient in cancer patients with totally implantable venous access device undergoing needle insertion.
Physical examination of the hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula to detect early dysfunction
Authors: Abreo Kenneth , Amin Bakhtiar M , Abreo Adrian P
Published: April 2018

The maintenance of vascular access patency for end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis is necessary for survival. Many nephrologists, nurse practitioners, and nurses have limited experience with the physical examination of the arteriovenous fistula. In this review, we define key terms used in the assessment of an arteriovenous fistula. We discuss the arteriovenous fistula physical exam, including details of inspection, palpation, and auscultation. Using these concepts, we review the abnormal findings that can assist practitioners in determining the location of a stenosis. We review the existing literature that validates physical exam findings with gold standard tests such as ultrasound and angiography. Finally, we review data supporting the value of training physicians and nurses in arteriovenous fistula physical examination.
Successful Second-Line Metronomic Temozolomide in Metastatic Paraganglioma: Case Reports and Review of the Literature
Authors: Tena Isabel , Gupta Garima , Tajahuerce Marcos , Benavent Marta , Cifrián Manuel , Falcon Alejandro , Fonfria María , Olmo Maribel del , Reboll Rosa , Conde Antonio , Moreno Francisca , Balaguer Julia , Cañete Adela , Palasí Rosana , Bello Pilar , Marco Alfredo , Ponce José Luis , Merino Juan Francisco , Llombart Antonio , Sanchez Alfredo , Pacak Karel
Published: April 2018

Metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (mPHEO/PGL) are frequently associated with succinate dehydrogenase B ( SDHB) mutations. Cyclophosphamide-dacarbazine-vincristine (CVD) regimen is recommended as standard chemotherapy for advanced mPHEO/PGL. There is limited evidence to support the role of metronomic schemes (MS) of chemotherapy in mPHEO/PGL treatment. We report 2 patients with SDHB-related mPGL who received a regimen consisting of MS temozolomide (TMZ) and high-dose lanreotide after progression on both CVD chemotherapy and high-dose lanreotide. Molecular profiling of the tumor tissue from both patients revealed hypermethylation of the O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase ( MGMT) promoter. In one patient, progression-free survival was 13 months and the second patient remained under treatment after 27 months of stabilization of metabolic response of his disease. Treatment was well tolerated, and adverse effects were virtually absent. A modification in the scheme of TMZ from standard schemes to MS is safe and feasible and can be considered in patients with progressive mPHEO/PGL refractory to dacarbazine in standard doses.
Effect of Protein or Essential Amino Acid Supplementation During Prolonged Resistance Exercise Training in Older Adults on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Physical Performance Parameters: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gade Josephine , Pedersen Rie Johanne , Beck Anne Marie
Published: April 2018

Objectives:

Loss of muscle mass and strength with aging, sarcopenia, burdens many older adults, making identification of strategies on how to counteract it very relevant—especially to health care providers working in rehabilitation. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effect of protein or essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation during prolonged resistance exercise training (RT) in older adults. No known stimulants of muscle protein synthesis, or ingredients with an effect on muscle strength/physical function, were allowed with the supplementation, differentiating this systematic review from others.

Data sources and methods:

In January 2017, 4 electronic databases and reference lists were searched for randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of protein or EAA supplementation during RT in older adults (mean age >60 years) on outcomes of body composition, muscle strength, and physical performance. Study selection and data extraction were performed by 2 independent reviewers.

Results

Sixteen studies (1107 participants) fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Methodologic differences between the studies disallowed a meta-analysis. Of the 16 studies, 6 found significant effects on body composition (3 studies), muscle strength (3 studies), and physical performance (2 studies) measures.

Conclusions

The evidence is weak and inconsistent, as benefit of protein or EAA supplementation during RT in older adults is only shown in some studies. The findings indicate that frail/sarcopenic older adults might benefit more than healthy older adults. Further research is needed to allow an interpretation on the importance of study population and design.

Trial registration:

PROSPERO, Reg. no.: CRD42017063808. Registered April 14, 2017.
Converting the Schoolyard Into a Learning Space: A Strategy for Public Education
Authors: Gallardo Vanessa Baldin , Turkienicz Benamy
Published: April 2018

Technology and globalization have shaped the generation of students in the 21st century. However, actions to configure school space remain stuck in 20th century standards. This article describes a study that contributes with strategies of innovative pedagogies by exploring the use of available spaces in Brazilian public schools. The study involved teaching and learning school curricular subjects in the schoolyard through physical interventions that were designed using playground equipment. Despite the absence of spatial boundaries, usually made by walls in seminar rooms, the interventions polarized the distribution of students in the courtyard with no loss of pedagogical control. An implicit hierarchy was established in the relationship between teacher and students, since the teacher’s position did not differ spatially from the student’s position, offering freedom for interaction.
An investigation into the oil transport and starvation of piston ring pack
Authors: Bewsher SR , Mohammadpour M , Rahnejat H , Offner G , Knaus O
Published: April 2018

In order to accurately predict the lubricant film thickness and generated friction in any tribological contact, it is important to determine appropriate boundary conditions, taking into account the oil availability and extent of starvation. This paper presents a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of a piston ring pack for prediction of lubricant film thickness, friction and total power loss. The model takes into account starvation caused by reverse flow at the conjunctional inlet wedge, and applied to a ring pack, comprising a compression and scraper ring. Inlet boundaries are calculated for an engine cycle of a four-cylinder, four-stroke gasoline engine operating at 1500 r/min with conditions pertaining to the New European Drive Cycle. The analysis shows the two main sources of starvation: first, due to a physical lack of inlet meniscus and second, due to reverse flow at the inlet wedge significantly affecting the prevailing conditions from the generally assumed idealised boundary conditions. Such an approach has not hitherto been reported in literature.
Personality attributes of botanic parks and their effects on visitor attitude and behavioural intentions
Authors: Quintal Vanessa Ann , Lwin Michael , Phau Ian , Lee Sean
Published: April 2018

The current exploratory study conceptualizes botanic park personality and explores its effects on visitor attitude and behavioural intentions. To achieve this, a renowned botanic park in Western Australia was selected. Pen-and-paper and online surveys were self-administered to 481 local and international respondents in two main studies. Two botanic park personality attributes were identified, namely, ‘excitement’ and ‘competence’, which aligned with the destination personality literature. These attributes impacted on attitude as well as subsequent intentions to visit and recommend the botanic park for local and international respondents. Findings offer researchers a platform to advance further studies on botanic park personality that may be extended to other nature-based tourism attractions. The identified and distinctive botanic park personality attributes help to guide practitioners in shaping the positioning and differentiation strategy to attract visitors and enhance the park’s financial sustainability.
Ticagrelor in Peripheral Artery Disease Endovascular Revascularization (TI-PAD): Challenges in clinical trial execution
Authors: Rogers R Kevin , Hiatt William R , Patel Manesh R , Shishehbor Mehdi H , White Robin , Khan Naeem D , Bhalla Narinder P , Jones W Schuyler , Low Wang Cecilia C
Published: April 2018

There is limited evidence to guide clinical decision-making for antiplatelet therapy in peripheral artery disease (PAD) in the setting of lower extremity endovascular treatment. The Ticagrelor in Peripheral Artery Disease Endovascular Revascularization Study (TI-PAD) evaluated the role of ticagrelor versus aspirin as monotherapy in the management of patients following lower extremity endovascular revascularization. The trial failed to recruit the targeted number of patients, likely due to aspects of the design including the lack of option for dual antiplatelet therapy, and inability to identify suitable patients at study sites. In response, the protocol underwent amendments, but these changes did not adequately stimulate recruitment, and thus TI-PAD was prematurely terminated. This article describes the rationale for TI-PAD and challenges in trial design, subject recruitment and trial operations to better inform the conduct of future trials in PAD revascularization.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02227368