bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faraday-Cage Screening Reveals Intrinsic Aspects of the van der Waals Attraction
Authors: Gould Tim , Li Musen , Dobson John F. , Reimers Jeffrey R.
Published: June 2018

General properties of the recently observed screening of the van der Waals (vdW) attraction between a silica substrate and silica tip by insertion of graphene are predicted using basic theory and first-principles calculations. Results are then focused on possible practical applications, as well as an understanding of the nature of vdW attraction, considering recent discoveries showing it competing against covalent and ionic bonding. The traditional view of the vdW attraction as arising from pairwise-additive London dispersion forces is considered using Grimme’s “D3” method, comparing results to those from Tkatchenko’s more general many-body dispersion (MBD) approach, all interpreted in terms of Dobson’s general dispersion framework. Encompassing the experimental results, MBD screening of the vdW force between two silica bilayers is shown to scale up to medium separations as 1.25 de/d, where d is the bilayer separation and de its equilibrium value, depicting antiscreening approaching and inside de. Means of unifying this correlation effect with those included in modern density functionals are urgently required.
Editorial
Authors: Hay Julie
Published: June 2018

IJTARP Volume 9 Issue 1 - EditorialCitation - APA format:Hay, J. (2018). IJTARP 9:1 Editorial International Journal of Transactional Analysis Research & Practice, 9(1), 3-4. https://doi.org/10.29044/v9i1p3
Botanical composition, forage yield and quality under different improved Mediterranean rangeland
Authors: Özaslan Parlak Altıngül , Gökkuş Ahmet , Alatürk Fırat
Published: June 2018

Proliferation of invasive of annual plant species and thorny shrubs such as Christ’s thorn (Paliurus spina-christi) is common in Mediterranean rangelands due to climatic shifts and heavy grazing. Improved practices are needed to manage such invasive species. This study assessed how improved rangeland practices affected herbage yield and quality, botanical composition in the Canakkale in western Turkey. The rangeland practices were: 1. control (no improvement practices (C), 2. removal of Christ’s thorns followed by forage crop planting (R), 3. use of herbicides to treat Christ’s thorn shrubs (H), 4. removal of Christ’s thorn shrubs by grubbing with dozers and rippers (M), and 5. the shrubs were cut out in the rangelands dominated with Christ’s thorn. The field has been plowed deep by a tractor. Then, it had been used as field for 10 years (sown with wheat). At the end, it has been turned back in the form of rangelands by sowing forage crops (F). The seeding practice has been done into bare parts of the rangelands that were occurred due to the removal of Christ’s thorn. The treatment plots were seeded with perennial ryegrass, orchardgrass and alfalfa. Control had the greatest number of species (45 species) whereas mechanically-treated plot had the least (28 species). All treatments increased herbage yield and grazed herbage quantities of the rangelands. The mechanically-treated rangeland increased yield by 2.5 folds compared with control. Treatments did not affect herbage quality of the rangelands. Results indicate that improvement practices improved rangelands invaded with Christ’s thorn shrubs.
Is price significant in planning for sugar beet production? An example from Turkey
Authors: Ceylan Figen , İlbasmış Eda , Özkan Burhan
Published: June 2018

Sugar beet is a major staple for farmers in central and south-eastern Anatolia and interior Aegean of regions as it is the major natural sugar provider for Turkey. The sector has been controlled and supported until the World Trade Organisation (WTO) negotiations and privatization of the price setter public authorities. The supports were transferred to farmers via prices announced by the public authorities. But contracted farming has been maintained by the private sector as well in order to secure domestic sugar need. The price response of the sector was measured through time series analysis between 1960 and 2015 using secondary data. The traditional characteristics of the sector and attachments to the contracted farming were confirmed at the end of the analysis with 6 % response of price to short run and 13 % response of price to long run production.
Identification and evaluation of alveograph dough parameters of some bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes
Authors: BAYRAM Mustafa Erkan , KORKUT Kayıhan Z.
Published: June 2018

Alveograph analysis has long been one of the important methods in determination of bread making quality of wheat genotypes. Sixty-four bread wheat genotypes were analyzed for five alveograph parameters including alveograph energy (W, 10-4 joule) (AE), dough strength (P, mm), elasticity (L, mm) index of swelling (G, cm3), alveograph configuration ratio (P/L), protein content (PC) and hardness (HRD). Genotype means of AE ranged from 155.4 x10-4 J to 444.7 x10-4 J. Ocoroni86/Pewit3 reached the highest AE value with 444.7 x10-4 J. Pamukova-97 was in the same statistical group with 426.5 x10-4 J AE value. Genotype means of P ranged from 50.0 mm to 162.9 mm. Aköz/Galil had the highest P value with162.9 mm. Genotype means of L ranged from 40.6 mm to 180.8 mm. Sunco/Pastor had the highest L value with 180.8 mm. Genotype means of G ranged from 14.35 cm3 to 29.98 cm3. Sunco/Pastor had the highest G value with 29.98 cm3. Genotype means of P/L ranged from 0.29 to 3.77. Aköz/Galil had the highest P/L rate with 3.77. The genotype means of protein content (PC) ranged from 10.6% to 14.2%. Genotypes with 13% or more PC in this study were Pamukova-97/Arostor, Pewit-3, Aldane and Ocoroni-86/Pewit-3. The mean HRD values of the genotypes ranged from 46.5% to 68.0. The sisters of Adana-99/Sultan-95 (Genotypes 16 and 17) and Pamukova-97/Sönmez were the hardest grained genotypes in the study. The produced information will be useful for bread wheat breeding programs attempting to improve high quality bread wheat cultivars.
Mapping Norms of Academic Integrity as an Aid to Proactive Regulation
Authors: Roff Sue , Druce Maralyn , Livingston Kathryn , Roberts C. Michael , Stephenson Anne
Published: June 2018

This study investigates whether it is possible to map norms of professionalism among medical student and faculty cohorts. The purpose is to provide ongoing information regarding the validity of this approach in multiple settings both within the United Kingdom (UK) and internationally. Its methodology is based on the Dundee Polyprofessionalism Inventory I: Academic Integrity, which solicits recommended sanctions as an indication of the severity with which particular lapses are regarded. The inventory was administered to cohorts in the UK, and results were compared with previously reported results from Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Egypt. There are a great number of similarities — or congruence — between staff and students within institutions and also across institutions (and indeed countries). However there are also a number of areas in which there are notable differences between median sanctions suggested by staff and students for particular “lapses.” There are fewer areas in which there are greater than two levels of difference of median suggested sanction for students and staff across national boundaries (London and Scotland) or staff across the same national boundaries. The paper presents data from three UK schools and three other countries that indicate a broad base of congruence but also important inter-school and regional differences that may be a function of different national and ethnic cultures. The applicability of the resource needs to be further explored to confirm its usefulness as a tool in professionalism learning.
Valoración económica de los bienes y servicios ambientales en la microcuenca del río Illangama
Authors: González Rivera M. , Monar Gavilánez N. , González Rivera V. , Saltos Espín R. , Chávez Coloma L. , Fierro Borja S.
Published: June 2018

El objeto de investigación fue valorar económicamente los bienes y servicios ambientales en la microcuenca del río Illangama, se utilizó el método de valoración contingente y la matriz de Leopold. El análisis de la investigación reportó que el 75% de la población urbana están dispuestos a pagar (DAP) y el 91% de área rural están dispuestos a recibir (DAR) la contribución económica para la conservación de los recursos naturales en la zona. Los indicadores de los impactos ambientales fueron 34, divididos en 7 aspectos positivos (21%) y 27 negativos (79%), y el número de Unidades de Impactos Ambientales (UIA) estudiados fueron 1350, distribuidos en 270 positivas (20%) y 1080 negativas (80%). Entre las especies forestales más favorecidas está el Arrayan (Myrcianthes spp) y entre las negativas se tuvieron al Higuerón (Ficus spp) y Aliso (Alnus glutinosa). Se identificaron acciones negativas como la ganadería y pastoreo (29,17%) y la introducción de flora (25,93%) los cuales afectan la permanencia de flora y fauna nativa, consecuentemente a la reducción del caudal hídrico. Los resultados evidenciaron las limitantes y potencialidades en valoración económica y de impactos ambientales de la zona. Estos indicadores ayudaran al desarrollo de planes de manejo sostenible de conservación de las microcuencas de la provincia Bolívar
HR activities and practices for project success: A multi-method approach from Indian IT firms
Authors: Bhoola Vanita , Giangreco Antonio
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Human Resource activities and practices (HRAPs) on value-driven project management in the Indian IT industry. It is a sector that offers various jobs for young IT skilled labour force, but faces major challenges in recruiting and retaining talent. A multi-method research has been carried out, using Delphi technique and a simultaneous equations model. Using the Delphi method, we developed an initial set of 136 globally accepted HRAPs. This was reduced to 20 most significant attributes applicable to Indian IT projects with the help of Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W) used over three rounds of iterations. Later, from 431 observations, we selected the top 10 HRAPs based on mean ranks in round 3 to study the impact on value-driven project success, in terms of meeting project, customer and organizational goals. The study also uses triangulation through a multi-method research approach to achieve convergence. The significant HRAPs impacting value-driven project management include efficient project leadership, effective communication, training of project leaders, ensuring job-matching and listening to team members’ issues. Frequent team conflicts and personnel turnover, however, adversely impact IT project success. Our results confirm that the impact of HRAPs on project goals is more prominent and immediate as compared to meeting customer or organizational goals, which is often delayed. The results emphasize the necessity of integrating all stakeholders of IT projects in order to accomplish value-driven success.
Ultrathin SnO2 nanorod/reduced graphene oxide nanosheet composites for electrochemical supercapacitor applications with excellent cyclic stability
Authors: Liu Manna , Sun Shishuai , Yang Liying , Yin Shougen
Published: June 2018

Composites of ultrathin SnO2 nanorods, ∼20 nm in diameter and ∼100 nm in length, intercalated with reduced graphene oxide nanosheets were synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal process. The electrochemical performance of the composites as electrode materials for supercapacitors was studied in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. The experimental results indicated that a maximum specific capacitance of 184.6 F g−1 could be obtained from composites at a current density of 100 mA g−1, which was much higher than that of pure SnO2 (62.4 F g−1). Furthermore, the composite exhibited excellent cycling stability (the specific capacitance still retained 98% after 6000 cycles when the scan rate was 50 mV s−1). The excellent electrochemical performance of the composites was attributed to the synergistic effect of SnO2 nanorods and reduced graphene oxide, which makes up for the shortcomings of the individual components. These results indicated that the prepared composites are excellent candidates as electrode materials for high performance energy storage devices.
Synthesis of 2H-Chromene-4-Carbonitriles Via Trimethylsilyl Cyanide
Authors: Ren Demin , Liu Hexiu , Huang Yulin , Fu Xinliang , Li Xiaofang
Published: June 2018

A number of 2-aryl-2 H-chromene-4-carbonitriles were synthesised by cyanation of 2-aryl-3-nitro-2 H-chromenes using trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) in the presence of tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) in moderate yields via a Michael addition/elimination pathway. The structures of all the products were characterised thoroughly by NMR, IR and HRMS spectroscopy and X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Chiral Sulfinyl-Based Olefin Ligands for Rhodium-Catalysed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Cyanoalkenes
Authors: Xue Feng , Zhu Yong , Qi Xiaolei
Published: June 2018

A rhodium/sulfinyl-based olefin ligand-catalysed asymmetric conjugate addition of arylboronic acids to cyanoalkenes without activation groups has been developed, where p-tolylsulfinyl-functionalised olefin ligands have been shown to be effective and with moderate enantioselectivities. This is the first example of applying chiral sulfinyl-based olefin ligands in the catalytic asymmetric addition to cyanoalkenes.
Clinical Diagnoses Leading to Suspension in Army Aircrew: An Epidemiological Study
Authors: Curry Ian P. , Kelley Amanda M. , Gaydos Steven J.
Published: June 2018

INTRODUCTION: There have been few large-scale epidemiological examinations of military aircrew populations reported in recent literature. This study examined 10 yr of medical records contained in the U.S. Army Aeromedical Electronic Resource Office (AERO) in an effort to identify
the most prevalent conditions affecting Army aviator career longevity.METHODS: This study was a retrospective epidemiological review; data were retrieved on 24,568 rated aircrew patients from the AERO database, of whom 5.2% were women. The dataset was composed of a total of 181,471
cases between June 2005 and June 2015. Age ranged from 17 to 73 yr. The data were examined in terms of raw ICD-9 diagnostic codes, derived systems-based categories, and occupational consequences.RESULTS: The top 10 diagnoses, causes for waiver, and permanent suspension of aircrew
were determined both in terms of the ICD-9 codes and the system groupings. Leading waiver causes included hypertension (11.5%), hearing loss (9.7%), spinal disorder (14.4%), and obstructive sleep apnea (5.2%). Leading permanent suspension causes were psychiatric disorders (28.2%), particularly
PTSD, being the leading cause, with spinal pathology (16.1%) second. In almost all diagnostic groupings the Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients between age and diagnosis presence were positively related, although often with no association with negative occupational outcome.DISCUSSION:
This study revealed the leading medical causes of waiver and suspension from flying duties, producing evidence to inform leadership understanding of disease prevalence and its subsequent impact on flying status. This is of prime importance to help direct policy and implement strategies for
health protection.Curry IP, Kelley AM, Gaydos SJ. Clinical diagnoses leading to suspension in Army aircrew: an epidemiological study. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(7):587–592.
La Campagne présidentielle de 2017 sous le signe (ou au risque) de la télé-réalité
Authors: Veyrat-Masson Isabelle
Published: June 2018

La campagne électorale de 2017 mise en scène par les médias n'a pas ressemblé à une « course de chevaux », ou à un match de boxe. Le traditionnel petit théâtre de la politique a semblé déserter ce monde du spectacle bien codifié pour se couler dans un genre télévisuel à la fois populaire et décriée: la télé-réalité.

Enfermés à l'intérieur d'un écran de télévision en permanence branché – en live – sur le récit de la campagne, par les chaînes d'information continue, les acteurs de cette aventure politique sont devenus des stars de la télé-réalité. Les thèmes empruntés à la vie personnelle triomphent, tandis que se multiplient confidences, révélations et scandales. L’émotion s'infiltre partout, les candidats sont éliminés après une série d’épreuves que ne renieraient pas les producteurs de Big Brother ou de Koh Lanta! On est loin, en 2017, du jeu serein et rationnel auquel on pouvait espérer faire jouer les médias, dans ce moment crucial de la vie démocratique française. Avatar d'une « révolution de velours » menée par Emmanuel Macron ou début d'une tendance?
A qualitative vocational education and training: Education for quantity or quality?
Authors: Tsagalidis Helena , Terning Maria
Published: June 2018

This article discusses the contemporary discourse of ‘quality’ in upper secondary vocational education in Sweden. The study is based on a selection of government policy texts that preceded the reform of upper secondary education in 2011. The purpose is to present how the concept of quality gets its meaning, and to discuss this from a perspective of competence, knowledge and qualification in order to renegotiate the concept of quality. Hence, the article also discusses how an extended quality concept could contribute to a changed view of Swedish upper secondary vocational education and training (VET) from an economic, individual and social point of view, in terms of both content and attractiveness.

A widened approach to quality in VET could lead to a change in the view of, and the discussion about, VET as such. Our purpose is to emphasize the importance of a broader understanding of how quality in VET can be understood and offer a more nuanced and expanded understanding to the contemporary discourse of VET quality, and thus offer opportunities for a more attractive VET.
Special Issue on Algorithms for Scheduling Problems
Authors: Werner Frank , Burtseva Larysa , Sotskov Yuri N.
Published: June 2018

This special issue of Algorithms is devoted to the development of scheduling algorithms based on innovative approaches for solving hard scheduling problems either exactly or approximately. Submissions were welcome both for traditional scheduling problems as well as for new practical applications. The main topics include sequencing and scheduling with additional constraints (setup times or costs, precedence constraints, resource constraints, and batch production environment) and production planning and scheduling problems arising in real-world applications.
Human Granzyme B Based Targeted Cytolytic Fusion Proteins
Authors: Hlongwane Precious , Mungra Neelakshi , Madheswaran Suresh , Akinrinmade Olusiji A. , Chetty Shivan , Barth Stefan
Published: June 2018

Cancer immunotherapy aims to selectively target and kill tumor cells whilst limiting the damage to healthy tissues. Controlled delivery of plant, bacterial and human toxins or enzymes has been shown to promote the induction of apoptosis in cancerous cells. The 4th generation of targeted effectors are being designed to be as humanized as possible—a solution to the problem of immunogenicity encountered with existing generations. Granzymes are serine proteases which naturally function in humans as integral cytolytic effectors during the programmed cell death of cancerous and pathogen-infected cells. Secreted predominantly by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, granzymes function mechanistically by caspase-dependent or caspase-independent pathways. These natural characteristics make granzymes one of the most promising human enzymes for use in the development of fusion protein-based targeted therapeutic strategies for various cancers. In this review, we explore research involving the use of granzymes as cytolytic effectors fused to antibody fragments as selective binding domains.
Desilicated ZSM-5 Zeolites for the Production of Renewable p-Xylene via Diels–Alder Cycloaddition of Dimethylfuran and Ethylene
Authors: McGlone Joel , Priecel Peter , Da Vià Luigi , Majdal Liqaa , Lopez-Sanchez Jose A.
Published: June 2018

The selective production of p-xylene and other aromatics starting from sugars and bioderived ethylene offers great promise and can eliminate the need for separation of xylene isomers, as well as decreasing dependency on fossil resources and CO2 emissions. Although the reaction is known, the microporosity of traditional commercial zeolites appears to be a limiting factor. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that simply desilication of microporous commercial zeolites by a simple NaOH treatment can greatly enhance conversion and selectivity. The [4 + 2] Diels–Alder cycloaddition of 2,5-dimethylfuran with ethylene in a pressurised reactor was investigated using a series of H-ZSM-5 catalysts with SiO2/Al2O3 ratios 30 and 80 with increasing pore size induced by desilication. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, 27Al magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia, and nitrogen physisorption measurements were used to characterise the catalysts. The enhancement of conversion was observed for all desilicated samples compared to the untreated zeolite, and increases in temperature and ethylene pressure significantly improved both dimethylfuran conversion and selectivity to p-xylene due to the easier desorption from the zeolite’s surface and the augmented cycloaddition rate, respectively. A compromise between acidity and mesoporosity was found to be the key to enhancing the activity and maximising the selectivity in the production of p-xylene from 2,5-dimethylfuran.
Alumina Porous Ceramics Obtained by Freeze Casting: Structure and Mechanical Behaviour under Compression
Authors: Hautcoeur Dominique , Gonon Maurice , Baudin Carmen , Lardot Véronique , Leriche Anne , Cambier Francis
Published: June 2018

The aim of the work is to analyse the mechanical behaviour of anisotropic porous alumina ceramics processed by freeze casting (ice templating). The freeze cast specimens were characterised by a lamellar structure with ellipsoidal pore shape, with a size ranging from 6 to 42 µm and 13 to 300 µm for the minor and major axes, respectively, as a function of the freezing rate and the powder and binder contents. The pore volume fraction ranged from 40 to 57%. SEM analysis of the porous structures after the compression test showed a typical deformation pattern caused by the porosity gradient through the specimen, as determined by X-ray radiography. The apparent elastic modulus of the anisotropic porous alumina ranged from 0.2 to 14 GPa and the compressive strength from 6 to 111 MPa, varying as a function of the process parameters which determine the pore network characteristics. The relationships between stress-strain behaviour in compression and the microstructure and texture were established. An analytical model based on a Gibson and Ashby relationship was used and adapted from SEM microstructural analysis after a mechanical test in order to predict the compressive strength of processed anisotropic alumina.
Research on Hair Bleach that Causes Less Hair Damage and Smells Less Pungent than Ammonium Hydroxide
Authors: Igarashi Kyouhei , Maeda Kazuhisa
Published: June 2018

Problems associated with bleaching hair include damage to the hair and the pungent smell of ammonium hydroxide. Many consumers dislike the stiffness and smell of bleached hair. In this study, we investigated the suppression of both the damage and pungent smell of bleach by using an aqueous solution of 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPD) as an alkaline agent. The test results focused on scanning electron microscope observations, antioxidant activity and protein loss, and showed that the use of AMPD aqueous solution as an alkaline agent suppressed both hair damage and undesirable odor compared with the use of ammonium hydroxide. AMPD aqueous solution is considered more useful than ammonium hydroxide as an alkaline agent in the hair-bleaching process.
On Surrogate-Based Optimization of Truly Reversible Blade Profiles for Axial Fans
Authors: Angelini Gino , Bonanni Tommaso , Corsini Alessandro , Delibra Giovanni , Tieghi Lorenzo , Volponi David
Published: June 2018

Open literature offers a wide canvas of techniques for surrogate-based multi-objective optimization. The large majority of works focus on methodological and theoretical aspects and are applied to simple mathematical functions. The present work aims at defining and assessing surrogate-based techniques used in complex optimization problems pertinent to the aerodynamics of reversible aerofoils. Specifically, it addresses the following questions: how meta-model techniques affect the results of the multi-objective optimization problem, and how these meta-models should be exploited in an optimization test-bed. The multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP) is solved using genetic optimization based on non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA)-II. The paper explores the possibility to reduce the computational cost of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEA) using two different surrogate models (SM): a least square method (LSM), and an artificial neural network (ANN). SMs were tested in two optimization approaches with different levels of computational effort. In the end, the paper provides a critical analysis of the results obtained with the methodologies under scrutiny and the impact of SMs on MOEA. The results demonstrate how surrogate model incorporation into MOEAs influences the effectiveness of the optimization process itself, and establish a methodology for aerodynamic optimization tasks in the fan industry.
The Complexity Measures Associated with the Fluctuations of the Entropy in Natural Time before the Deadly México M8.2 Earthquake on 7 September 2017
Authors: Ramírez-Rojas Alejandro , Flores-Márquez Elsa Leticia , Sarlis Nicholas V. , Varotsos Panayiotis A.
Published: June 2018

We analyse seismicity during the 6-year period 2012–2017 in the new time domain termed natural time in the Chiapas region where the M8.2 earthquake occurred, Mexico’s largest earthquake in more than a century, in order to study the complexity measures associated with fluctuations of entropy as well as with entropy change under time reversal. We find that almost three months before the M8.2 earthquake, i.e., on 14 June 2017, the complexity measure associated with the fluctuations of entropy change under time reversal shows an abrupt increase, which, however, does not hold for the complexity measure associated with the fluctuations of entropy in forward time. On the same date, the entropy change under time reversal has been previously found to exhibit a minimum [Physica A 506, 625–634 (2018)]; we thus find here that this minimum is also accompanied by increased fluctuations of the entropy change under time reversal. In addition, we find a simultaneous increase of the Tsallis entropic index q.
GHZ States as Tripartite PR Boxes: Classical Limit and Retrocausality
Authors: Rohrlich Daniel , Hetzroni Guy
Published: June 2018

We review an argument that bipartite “PR-box” correlations, though designed to respect relativistic causality, in fact violate relativistic causality in the classical limit. As a test of this argument, we consider Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) correlations as a tripartite version of PR-box correlations, and ask whether the argument extends to GHZ correlations. If it does—i.e., if it shows that GHZ correlations violate relativistic causality in the classical limit—then the argument must be incorrect (since GHZ correlations do respect relativistic causality in the classical limit.) However, we find that the argument does not extend to GHZ correlations. We also show that both PR-box correlations and GHZ correlations can be retrocausal, but the retrocausality of PR-box correlations leads to self-contradictory causal loops, while the retrocausality of GHZ correlations does not.
Phenomenological Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes
Authors: Wang Yongqi , Hutter Kolumban
Published: June 2018

n/a
Electro-Thermal Modeling of Metal-Oxide Arrester under Power Frequency Applied Voltages
Authors: Lu Jiazheng , Xie Pengkang , Fang Zhen , Hu Jianping
Published: June 2018

Metal-oxide arresters (MOAs) are used to absorb the electrical energy resulting from overvoltages in power systems. However, temperature rises caused by the absorbed energy can lead to the electrothermal failure of MOAs. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the electric and thermal characteristics of MOAs. In this paper, in order to study the electric and thermal characteristics of MOAs under power frequency voltage, an improved electrothermal model of an MOA is presented. The proposed electrothermal model can be divided into an electric model and a thermal model. In the electric model, based on the conventional MOA electric circuit, the effect of temperature on the voltage–current (V–I) characteristics of an MOA has been obtained. Using temperature and applied voltage as input data, the current flows through the MOA can be calculated using the artificial neural network (ANN) method. In the thermal model, the thermal circuit of a MOA has been built. The varistor power loss obtained from the electric model is used as input data, and the temperature of the zinc oxide varistors can be calculated. Therefore, compared with the existing MOA models, the interaction of leakage current and temperature can be considered in the proposed model. Finally, experimental validations have been done, and the electrothermal characteristics of an MOA have been studied by simulation and experimental methods. The electrothermal model proposed in this paper can assist with the prediction of the electric and thermal characteristics of MOAs.
Research on the Pressure Ratio Characteristics of a Swash Plate-Rotating Hydraulic Transformer
Authors: Jing Chongbo , Zhou Junjie , Yuan Shihua , Zhao Siyuan
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a theoretical model and its experimental validation for the pressure ratio of a swash plate-rotating hydraulic transformer. The structure and principle of the new type of transformer are described. The swash plate-rotating type can reduce the throttling loss caused by the valve plate in traditional hydraulic transformers. The theoretical model of the pressure ratio was derived based on the displacements functioning as the pump and motor in the transformer, accounting for the friction losses. A specific experimental setup including the prototype was established to validate the principle and pressure ratio of the machine. The results show that the transformer has a wider pressure range. The increase in pressure at port A and the rotating speed of the cylinder can reduce the pressure ratio slightly due to the torque loss. The present work indicates the useful potential of the swash plate-rotating hydraulic transformer.
SnSb Alloy Blended with Hard Carbon as Anode for Na-Ion Batteries
Authors: Lu Ying Ching , Dimov Nikolay , Okada Shigeto , Bui Thi Hang
Published: June 2018

SnSb binary alloys blended with reduced graphene oxide (SnSb/RGO) or mixtures of SnSb/RGO with hard carbon (SnSb/RGO+HC) were tested as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. The presence of hard carbon in the SnSb/RGO+HC blend improves its cycle efficiency and rate performance substantially. The synergy between the SnSb/RGO and the hard carbon phase is explained by the buffer action of the hard carbon, preventing SnSb interparticle agglomeration during the repeated recharge cycles. The feasibility of SnSb alloy anode for sodium-ion batteries was confirmed in full cell configuration vs. Na3V2(PO4)2F3 cathode.
Recent Advances in Chromatin Mechanisms Controlling Pancreatic Carcinogenesis
Authors: Hank Thomas , Liss Andrew S.
Published: June 2018

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has a heterogeneous genetic landscape, marked by frequent mutation of KRAS, CDKN2A, TP53, and SMAD4, resulting in poor responses to conventional therapeutic regimens. Over the past decade, increased understanding of the genetic underpinnings of this lethal cancer has yielded several different characterizations of pancreatic cancer subtypes. However, not all phenotypes and changes in pancreatic cancer can be explained by these findings. New insights on epigenetic modifications associated with pancreatic carcinogenesis have highlighted additional pathways, other than gene mutations, among which chromatin regulation plays a dominant role. Gene expression is highly regulated by subtle changes in chromatin configuration. The underlying mechanism is dominated by reversible post-translational histone modifications. In addition, there is growing evidence that different chromatin mechanisms interact with one another, contributing to the diversity of pancreatic carcinogenesis. This review highlights recent work characterizing chromatin regulatory mechanisms associated with pancreatic carcinogenesis as well as future directions of this emerging research.
Salt Stress Induces Non-CG Methylation in Coding Regions of Barley Seedlings (Hordeum vulgare)
Authors: Konate Moumouni , Wilkinson Michael J. , Mayne Benjamin T. , Pederson Stephen M. , Scott Eileen S. , Berger Bettina , Rodriguez Lopez Carlos M.
Published: June 2018

Salinity can negatively impact crop growth and yield. Changes in DNA methylation are known to occur when plants are challenged by stress and have been associated with the regulation of stress-response genes. However, the role of DNA-methylation in moderating gene expression in response to salt stress has been relatively poorly studied among crops such as barley. Here, we assessed the extent of salt-induced alterations of DNA methylation in barley and their putative role in perturbed gene expression. Using Next Generation Sequencing, we screened the leaf and root methylomes of five divergent barley varieties grown under control and three salt concentrations, to seek genotype independent salt-induced changes in DNA methylation. Salt stress caused increased methylation in leaves but diminished methylation in roots with a higher number of changes in leaves than in roots, indicating that salt induced changes to global methylation are organ specific. Differentially Methylated Markers (DMMs) were mostly located in close proximity to repeat elements, but also in 1094 genes, of which many possessed gene ontology (GO) terms associated with plant responses to stress. Identified markers have potential value as sentinels of salt stress and provide a starting point to allow understanding of the functional role of DNA methylation in facilitating barley’s response to this stressor.
Enrichment Planting and Soil Amendments Enhance Carbon Sequestration and Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Agroforestry Systems: A Review
Authors: Shrestha Bharat M. , Chang Scott X. , Bork Edward W. , Carlyle Cameron N.
Published: June 2018

Agroforestry practices that intentionally integrate trees with crops and/or livestock in an agricultural production system could enhance carbon (C) sequestration and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from terrestrial ecosystems, thereby mitigating global climate change. Beneficial management practices such as enrichment planting and the application of soil amendments can affect C sequestration and GHG emissions in agroforestry systems; however, such effects are not well understood. A literature review was conducted to synthesize information on the prospects for enhancing C sequestration and reducing GHG emissions through enrichment (i.e., in-fill) tree planting, a common practice in improving stand density within existing forests, and the application of organic amendments to soils. Our review indicates that in agroforests only a few studies have examined the effect of enrichment planting, which has been reported to increase C storage in plant biomass. The effect of adding organic amendments such as biochar, compost and manure to soil on enhancing C sequestration and reducing GHG emissions is well documented, but primarily in conventional crop production systems. Within croplands, application of biochar derived from various feedstocks, has been shown to increase soil organic C content, reduce CO2 and N2O emissions, and increase CH4 uptake, as compared to no application of biochar. Depending on the feedstock used to produce biochar, biochar application can reduce N2O emission by 3% to 84% as compared to no addition of biochars. On the other hand, application of compost emits less CO2 and N2O as compared to the application of manure, while the application of pelleted manure leads to more N2O emission compared to the application of raw manure. In summary, enrichment planting and application of organic soil amendments such as compost and biochar will be better options than the application of raw manure for enhancing C sequestration and reducing GHG emissions. However, there is a shortage of data to support these practices in the field, and thus further research on the effect of these two areas of management intervention on C cycling will be imperative to developing best management practices to enhance C sequestration and minimize GHG emissions from agroforestry systems.
Fatty Acid Composition of Gluten-Free Food (Bakery Products) for Celiac People
Authors: Maggio Antonella , Orecchio Santino
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study (first analytical approach) was to obtain data concerning the fatty acid composition of gluten-free foods (bakery products) for celiac people. The study included 35 different products (snacks, biscuits, bakery products, pasta, flours, etc.) from several manufacturers. After extraction and esterification, the fatty acid composition was determined by Gaschromatography (GC–MS) Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were found to be the major constituents (57%), followed by saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (30%), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (13%). Only 15 of the 35 gluten-free samples analyzed appeared to provide adequate energy intake, while, in 11 samples, saturated fatty acids were found to supply more energy than that recommended by the European Food Safety Authority EFSA. Moreover, data analyses showed that, although gluten-free commercial products are high added-value foods, industrial products in many cases contain palm and palm kernel oils, whereas the local producers generally use the finest raw materials, such as olive oil.
Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites: Examples, Tips and Suggestions for Biotechnologists
Authors: Guerriero Gea , Berni Roberto , Muñoz-Sanchez J. Armando , Apone Fabio , Abdel-Salam Eslam M. , Qahtan Ahmad A. , Alatar Abdulrahman A. , Cantini Claudio , Cai Giampiero , Hausman Jean-Francois , Siddiqui Khawar Sohail , Hernández-Sotomayor S. M. Teresa , Faisal Mohammad
Published: June 2018

Plants are sessile organisms and, in order to defend themselves against exogenous (a)biotic constraints, they synthesize an array of secondary metabolites which have important physiological and ecological effects. Plant secondary metabolites can be classified into four major classes: terpenoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids and sulphur-containing compounds. These phytochemicals can be antimicrobial, act as attractants/repellents, or as deterrents against herbivores. The synthesis of such a rich variety of phytochemicals is also observed in undifferentiated plant cells under laboratory conditions and can be further induced with elicitors or by feeding precursors. In this review, we discuss the recent literature on the production of representatives of three plant secondary metabolite classes: artemisinin (a sesquiterpene), lignans (phenolic compounds) and caffeine (an alkaloid). Their respective production in well-known plants, i.e., Artemisia, Coffea arabica L., as well as neglected species, like the fibre-producing plant Urtica dioica L., will be surveyed. The production of artemisinin and caffeine in heterologous hosts will also be discussed. Additionally, metabolic engineering strategies to increase the bioactivity and stability of plant secondary metabolites will be surveyed, by focusing on glycosyltransferases (GTs). We end our review by proposing strategies to enhance the production of plant secondary metabolites in cell cultures by inducing cell wall modifications with chemicals/drugs, or with altered concentrations of the micronutrient boron and the quasi-essential element silicon.
Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Prediction of Novel Drought-Responsive lncRNAs in Pyrus betulifolia
Authors: Wang Jinxing , Lin Jing , Kan Jialiang , Wang Hong , Li Xiaogang , Yang Qingsong , Li Hui , Chang Youhong
Published: June 2018

Increasing evidence shows that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in developmental regulation and many other biological processes in plants. However, identification of lncRNAs in Pyrus betulifolia is limited compared with studies of functional gene expression. Using high-throughput sequencing technology, the transcriptome of P. betulifolia under drought stress was analyzed to identify lncRNAs. A total of 14,478 lncRNAs were identified, of which 251 were found to be drought-responsive. The putative target genes of these differentially expressed lncRNAs were significantly enriched in metabolic processes, organic substance metabolic processes, macromolecule metabolic processes, and heterocyclic compound binding. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction validation suggested that the results of the RNA sequencing data analysis were reliable. This study will provide genetic resources for pear breeding and provide reference to other pomological studies.
Microfluidic Devices for Drug Assays
Authors: Regnault Clément , Dheeman Dharmendra S. , Hochstetter Axel
Published: June 2018

In this review, we give an overview of the current state of microfluidic-based high-throughput drug assays. In this highly interdisciplinary research field, various approaches have been applied to high-throughput drug screening, including microtiter plate, droplets microfluidics as well as continuous flow, diffusion and concentration gradients-based microfluidic drug assays. Therefore, we reviewed over 100 recent publications in the field and sorted them according to their microfluidic approach. As a result, we are showcasing, comparing and discussing broadly applied approaches as well as singular promising ones that might contribute to shaping the future of this field.
Estimates of the Lung Cancer Cases Attributable to Radon in Municipalities of Two Apulia Provinces (Italy) and Assessment of Main Exposure Determinants
Authors: Ferri Giovanni , Intranuovo Graziana , Cavone Domenica , Corrado Vincenzo , Birtolo Francesco , Tricase Paolo , Fuso Raffaele , Vilardi Valeria , Sumerano Marilena , L’abbate Nicola , Vimercati Luigi
Published: June 2018

Indoor radon exposure is responsible for increased incidence of lung cancer in communities. Building construction characteristics, materials, and environmental determinants are associated with increased radon concentration at specific sites. In this study, routine data related to radon measurements available from the Apulia (Italy) Regional Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA) were combined with building and ground characteristics data. An algorithm was created based on the experience of miners and it was able to produce estimates of lung cancer cases attributable to radon in different municipalities with the combined data. In the province of Lecce, the sites with a higher risk of lung cancer are Campi Salentina and Minervino, with 1.18 WLM (working level months) and 1.38 WLM, respectively, corresponding to lung cancer incidence rates of 3.34 and 3.89 per 10 × 103 inhabitants. The sites in the province of Bari with higher risks of lung cancer are Gravina di Puglia and Locorotondo, measuring 1.89 WLM and 1.22 WLM, respectively, which correspond to an incidence rate of lung cancer of 5.36 and 3.44 per 10 × 103 inhabitants. The main determinants of radon exposure are whether the buildings were built between 1999 and 2001, were one-room buildings with porous masonry, and were built on soil consisting of pelvis, clayey sand, gravel and conglomerates, calcarenites, and permeable lithotypes.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Resveratrol: Mechanistic Insights
Authors: De Sá Coutinho Diego , Pacheco Maria Talita , Frozza Rudimar Luiz , Bernardi Andressa
Published: June 2018

Inflammation is the principal response invoked by the body to address injuries. Despite inflammation constituting a crucial component of tissue repair, it is well known that unchecked or chronic inflammation becomes deleterious, leading to progressive tissue damage. Studies over the past years focused on foods rich in polyphenols with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, since inflammation was recognized to play a central role in several diseases. In this review, we discuss the beneficial effects of resveratrol, the most widely investigated polyphenol, on cancer and neurodegenerative, respiratory, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases. We highlight how resveratrol, despite its unfavorable pharmacokinetics, can modulate the inflammatory pathways underlying those diseases, and we identify future opportunities for the evaluation of its clinical feasibility.
Yeast-Based Screen to Identify Natural Compounds with a Potential Therapeutic Effect in Hailey-Hailey Disease
Authors: Ficociello Graziella , Zonfrilli Azzurra , Cialfi Samantha , Talora Claudio , Uccelletti Daniela
Published: June 2018

The term orthodisease defines human disorders in which the pathogenic gene has orthologs in model organism genomes. Yeasts have been instrumental for gaining insights into the molecular basis of many human disorders, particularly those resulting from impaired cellular metabolism. We and others have used yeasts as a model system to study the molecular basis of Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD), a human blistering skin disorder caused by haploinsufficiency of the gene ATP2C1 the orthologous of the yeast gene PMR1. We observed that K. lactis cells defective for PMR1 gene share several biological similarities with HHD derived keratinocytes. Based on the conservation of ATP2C1/PMR1 function from yeast to human, here we used a yeast-based assay to screen for molecules able to influence the pleiotropy associated with PMR1 deletion. We identified six compounds, Kaempferol, Indirubin, Lappaconite, Cyclocytidine, Azomycin and Nalidixic Acid that induced different major shape phenotypes in K. lactis. These include mitochondrial and the cell-wall morphology-related phenotypes. Interestingly, a secondary assay in mammalian cells confirmed activity for Kaempferol. Indeed, this compound was also active on human keratinocytes depleted of ATP2C1 function by siRNA-treatment used as an in-vitro model of HHD. We found that Kaempferol was a potent NRF2 regulator, strongly inducing its expression and its downstream target NQO1. In addition, Kaempferol could decrease oxidative stress of ATP2C1 defective keratinocytes, characterized by reduced NRF2-expression. Our results indicated that the activation of these pathways might provide protection to the HHD-skin cells. As oxidative stress plays pivotal roles in promoting the skin lesions of Hailey-Hailey, the NRF2 pathway could be a viable therapeutic target for HHD.