bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic heat and charge transports through double-quantum-dot-interferometer modulated by Majorana bound states and time-oscillating Aharonov-Bohm flux
Authors: Zou Wei-Ke , Wang Qing , Zhao Hong-Kang
Published: February 2023

Dynamic properties of Majorana bound states (MBSs) coupled double-quantum-dot (DQD) interferometer threaded with ac magnetic flux are investigated, and the time-averaged thermal current formulas are derived. Photon-assisted local and nonlocal Andreev reflections contribute efficiently to the charge and heat transports. The modifications of source-drain electric, electric-thermal, thermal conductances (G, ξ, κ

e
), Seebeck coefficient (S

c
), and thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) versus AB phase have been calculated numerically. These coefficients exhibit the shift of oscillation period from 2π to 4π distinctly due to attaching MBSs. The applied ac flux enhances the magnitudes of G, ξ, κ

e
obviously, and the detailed enhancing behaviors are relevant to the energy levels of DQD. The enhancements of S

c
and ZT are generated due to the coupling of MBSs, while the application of ac flux suppresses the resonant oscillations. The investigation provides a clue for detecting MBSs through measuring the photon-assisted S

c
and ZT versus AB phase oscillations.
Damage monitoring of the planting balcony in vertical greenery buildings using the EMI method
Authors: Li Ying , Wei Mingkang , Hu Xiaobin
Published: February 2023

Vertical greenery buildings generally have high ecological, aesthetics, and economic benefits. This paper focuses on damage monitoring of a reinforced concrete (RC) planting balcony in a high-rise vertical greenery building using the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) method. Damage evaluation of the concrete using the EMI method was first carried out through theoretical analysis and experimental investigations. They both indicate that the conductance resonant frequency (CRF) of the piezoelectric transducer has a good linear correlation with damage of the concrete. According to the experimental results, damage evaluation criteria of concrete are proposed based on the CRF. On the basis of the above work, damage monitoring of a RC planting balcony employing a total of 13 piezoelectric transducers was conducted for about 7 months. The results show the planting balcony was slightly damaged which mainly happened before planting during the whole monitoring process.
Dynamic conditioning of two particle discrete-time quantum walks
Authors: Pegoraro Federico , Held Philip , Barkhofen Sonja , Brecht Benjamin , Silberhorn Christine
Published: February 2023

In real photonic quantum systems losses are an unavoidable factor limiting the scalability to many modes and particles, restraining their application in fields as quantum information and communication. For this reason, a considerable amount of engineering effort has been taken in order to improve the quality of particle sources and system components. At the same time, data analysis and collection methods based on post-selection have been used to mitigate the effect of particle losses. This has allowed for investigating experimentally multi-particle evolutions where the observer lacks knowledge about the system's intermediate propagation states. Nonetheless, the fundamental question how losses affect the behaviour of the surviving subset of a multi-particle system has not been investigated so far. For this reason, here we study the impact of particle losses in a quantum walk of two photons reconstructing the output probability distributions for one photon conditioned on the loss of the other in a known mode and temporal step of our evolution network. We present the underlying theoretical scheme that we have devised in order to model controlled particle losses, we describe an experimental platform capable of implementing our theory in a time multiplexing encoding. In the end we show how localized particle losses change the output distributions without altering their asymptotic spreading properties. Finally we devise a quantum civilization problem, a two walker generalisation of single particle recurrence processes.
Discrimination of coherent states via atom–field interaction without rotation wave approximation
Authors: Zhang Jin-Hua , Zhang Fu-Lin , Liang Mai-Lin , Wang Zhi-Xi , Fei Shao-Ming
Published: February 2023

Quantum state discrimination is an important part of quantum information processing. We investigate the discrimination of coherent states through a Jaynes–Cummings (JC) model interaction between the field and the ancilla without rotation wave approximation (RWA). We show that the minimum failure probability can be reduced as RWA is eliminated from the JC model and the non-RWA terms accompanied by the quantum effects of fields (e.g. the virtual-photon process in the JC model without RWA) can enhance the state discrimination. The JC model without RWA for unambiguous state discrimination is superior to ambiguous state discrimination, particularly when the number of sequential measurements increases. Unambiguous state discrimination implemented via the non-RWA JC model is beneficial to saving resource costs.
GPU parallel computation of dendrite growth competition in forced convection using the multi-phase-field-lattice Boltzmann model
Authors: Gao Zi-Hao , Zhu Chang-Sheng , Wang Cang-Long
Published: February 2023

A graphics-processing-unit (GPU)-parallel-based computational scheme is developed to realize the competitive growth process of converging bi-crystal in two-dimensional states in the presence of forced convection conditions by coupling a multi-phase field model and a lattice Boltzmann model. The elimination mechanism in the evolution process is analyzed for the three conformational schemes constituting converging bi-crystals under pure diffusion and forced convection conditions, respectively, expanding the research of the competitive growth of columnar dendrites under melt convection conditions. The results show that the elimination mechanism for the competitive growth of converging bi-crystals of all three configurations under pure diffusion conditions follows the conventional Walton–Chalmers model. When there is forced convection with lateral flow in the liquid phase, the anomalous elimination phenomenon of unfavorable dendrites eliminating favorable dendrites occurs in the grain boundaries. In particular, the anomalous elimination phenomenon is relatively strong in conformation 1 and conformation 2 when the orientation angle of unfavorable dendrites is small, and relatively weak in conformation 3. Moreover, the presence of convection increases the tip growth rate of both favorable and unfavorable dendrites in the grain boundary. In addition, the parallelization of the multi-phase-field-lattice Boltzmann model is achieved by designing the parallel computation of the model on the GPU platform concerning the computer-unified-device-architecture parallel technique, and the results show that the parallel computation of this model based on the GPU has absolute advantages, and the parallel acceleration is more obvious as the computation area increases.
Density-wave tendency from a topological nodal-line perspective
Authors: Zhao Tianlun , Zhang Yi
Published: February 2023

The understanding of density waves is a vital component of our insight into electronic quantum matters. Here, we propose an additional mosaic to the existing mechanisms such as Fermi-surface nesting, electron–phonon coupling, and exciton condensation. In particular, we find that certain two-dimensional (2D) spin density-wave systems are equivalent to three-dimensional (3D) Dirac nodal-line systems in the presence of a magnetic field, whose electronic structure takes the form of Dirac-fermion Landau levels and allows a straightforward analysis of its optimal filling. The subsequent minimum-energy wave vector varies over a continuous range and shows no direct connection to the original Fermi surfaces in 2D. Also, we carry out numerical calculations where the results on model examples support our theory. Our study points out that we have yet to attain a complete understanding of the emergent density wave formalism.
High-pressure new phases of V–N compounds
Authors: Shi Xu-Han , Li Zhi-Hui , Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Yuanyuan , Liu Ran , Hu Kuo , Yao Zhen
Published: February 2023

The high-pressure diagram of V–N compounds is enriched by proposed seven new stable high-pressure phases. The P-1-VN4 with the armchair N-rich structure may be quenched to ambient conditions. The formed N–N covalent bond plays an important role for the structural stability of N-chain. The charge transfer results in a V–N ionic bond interaction, which further improves the stability of N-chain structure. The P-1-VN4, P4mnc-VN8, and Immm-VN10 with the outstanding detonation properties have potential application in explosive field.
Percolation and jamming properties in object growth model on a lattice with impurities
Authors: Dujak D , Karač A , Budinski-Petković Lj , Jakšić Z M , Vrhovac S B
Published: February 2023

Percolation model with nucleation and object growth is studied by Monte Carlo simulations on a triangular lattice with point-like impurities. Growing objects are needle-like objects and self-avoiding random walk chains. In each run through the system the lattice is initially randomly occupied by point-like impurities at given concentration

ρ

i
m
p

. Then the seeds for the object growth are randomly distributed at given concentration ρ. The percolation properties and the jamming densities are compared for the two classes of growing objects on the basis of the results obtained for a wide range of densities ρ and

ρ

i
m
p

up to the percolation threshold for the monomer deposition on a triangular lattice. Values of the percolation thresholds

θ
p
∗

have lower values for the needle-like objects than for the self-avoiding random walk chains. The difference is largest for the lowest values of ρ and

ρ

i
m
p

, and ceases near the values of the site percolation threshold for monomers on the triangular lattice,

ρ
p
∗

≃
0.5

. Values of the jamming coverage

θ

J

decrease with

ρ

i
m
p

for given ρ. This effect is more prominent for the growing random walk chains.
A comparative study of Raman spectroscopic and photoluminescence properties of the eggshell powder and conventional calcium carbonate
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Singh K.
Published: February 2023

A comparative study on eggshell powder and commercially available CaCO3 has been conducted. The Raman spectra of eggshell powder show the bands of the calcite phase. However, the bands of eggshell powder are more intense than the conventional CaCO3. The peaks of eggshell powder also show some blue shift, which indicates that the calcite phase of eggshell powder is more Raman sensitive than the conventional CaCO3. Additionally, conventional CaCO3 also exhibits some extra bands of the aragonite phase. The photoluminescence spectra of eggshell powder show a narrow band and merged band than the commercially used CaCO3. This study indicates that eggshells could be a good and pure alternative for commercially available calcium carbonate.
Simple and Productive Method to Develop Highly Sensitive and Fast Infrared Photodetector Using Spray Deposited Nanocrystalline PbS Thin Film
Authors: Thabit Mohammed Y. H. , Kaawash Nabeel M. S. , Begum Sumayya , Halge Devidas I. , Narwade Vijaykiran N. , Alegaonkar Prashant S. , Bogle Kashinath A.
Published: February 2023

This work demonstrates the development of a highly sensitive and fast infrared photodetector using a PbS thin film deposited using a simple and scalable method known as “spray pyrolysis”. An aqueous precursor solution was deposited on a glass substrate at 150 °C have a cubic phase of PbS. Silver electrodes with a 1 mm gap are drawn on the film to create photo-detector devices. Low resistive contact between the silver electrode and the PbS film is revealed from the linear I-V measurements performed in the dark and under light illumination. Under the illumination of a 100-watt tungsten lamp, the photo-responsivity, sensitivity, response time, and decay time of the PbS film were measured. The Ag/PbS/Ag photodetector device has a responsivity of 70 mA/W, a sensitivity of 200 at 30 V, and the best response and decay times of 6.4 and 15.6 ms, respectively. The photodetector device produced by this simple and low-cost fabrication method has a fast response and decay time.
A Recent Development of Luminescence Properties of Yb3+ Doped Metal Halide Perovskites Nanocrystals for Photonic Applications: A Review
Authors: Sunatkari A. L. , Talwatkar S. S. , Sonawane Harsha M.
Published: February 2023

Yb3+ doped metal halide perovskites nanocrystals have received a lot of interest recently as cutting-edge materials for solar applications because of their excellent carrier mobility, extremely long carrier diffusion lengths, and acceptable optical band gaps. The remarkable features of Yb 3+ doped metal halide perovskites also make them useful in a wide range of applications, including light-emitting diodes, lasers, X-ray detectors, memory devices, and more. Here, the unique characteristics of the various Yb 3+ doped metal halide perovskites materials are discussed along with their luminescence properties to show why these materials are so intriguing for a variety of applications. We outline recent advances in halide perovskites uses outside of photovoltaic and offer suggestions.
Review on Enhancement of Stability and Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Sunatkari A. L. , Talwatkar S. S. , Kajrokar Reshma
Published: February 2023

For photovoltaic applications, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have a extensive array of characteristics, including elevated absorption coefficients, exceptional carrier mobility, long charge carrier diffusion lengths, low cost, and incredible development. As emerging solar cell with thin film technology, these solar cells have generated many concerns. The elevated efficiency along with the low cost of materials and process are the main benefit of this cell over commercial silicon or other organic and inorganic solar cells. The foundations behind the optoelectronic description of perovskite materials and important methods for creating highly efficient perovskite solar cells have been covered in this paper. The degradation mechanisms of unstable perovskite materials and the associated solar cells are discussed. There are two more ways to increase the stability of perovskite materials and perovskite solar cells: interface engineering between the hole transport layer and the perovskite active layer and interface alteration between the electron transport layer and the perovskite layer. The future development of PSC architecture engineering is finally given a perspective and outlook.
Simulation of Alq3/Alq3:NTCDA/NPB heterostructure based OLED
Authors: Sharma Gunjan , Kattayat Sandhya , Josey Smitha , Sublania H. K. , Alvi P. A.
Published: February 2023

In this article an attempt has been made to design the meshing structure of Alq3/Alq3:NTCDA/NPB layers based OLED and to determine the the optical characteristics such as PL (photo luminescence), emission rate, and normal spectral density. The studies of all these parameters suggest that the heterostructure system based OLED is useful for the emission of high intense radiations in the visible region (wavelength region ~500 nm).
Design and analysis of low loss solid-core hexagonal photonic crystal fiber for applications in terahertz regime
Authors: Renuka Rani K , Chitra K
Published: February 2023

An index-guiding novel solid-core photonic crystal fiber (SC-PCF) formed by a hexagonal lattice of circular-shaped air holes arranged in silicon background is realized. By varying the radius ‘r’ of the air holes from 0.1a to 0.5a (where ‘a’ is defined as the lattice constant), the characteristic electromagnetic modes of the low loss Terahertz (THz) fiber were solved through eigenmode analysis using finite element method (FEM). The effective mode area and the nonlinearity of the proposed PCF are calculated for different radii of the air holes and it is found that the effective mode area decreases when the radius of the air holes is increased. On the other hand, the nonlinearity increases for an increase in the air holes radii. At 1 THz, the confinement loss of the proposed fiber is in the order of 10−23 dB/m and transmittance efficiency above 96% has been attained. As 5-G technology emanates, THz wave propagation becomes essential and the designed hexagonal lattice SC-PCF will be useful for the advancement of communication systems, sensing devices and several medical applications.
All Optical Integrated MOEMS Optical Coherence Tomography System
Authors: Bais Ashish Singh , Chouhan Lokendra Singh , Andrews Joseph Thomas
Published: February 2023

Integrating all optical components of an optical coherence tomography (OCT) device into a single chip is non-trivial and a challenging job. The design and development of such a lab-on-a chip is possible only via Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical System (MOEMS) technology. The reproducible and integrated optical device fabrication would reduce cost and size many folds as compared to bulk or fiber optic OCT system. A miniaturized OCT of size less than 5mm2 area is designed, simulated, and optimized. The successful fabrication of this device would help in point-of-contact devices as well as embedded biomedical sensor applications. Also, the design promises the possibility of fabrication of all optical components of OCT integrated into a single chip.
A Novel Chirped Bragg Grating Based Spectral Domain Delay Generator
Authors: Chouhan Lokendra Singh , Bais Ashish Singh , Andrews Joseph Thomas
Published: February 2023

Light dispersion and chirping of spectral lines of a broadband light source is major issue with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. We designed a novel spectral delay line using multimode interference coupler and chirp Bragg grating. We considered the waveguide material as S-1813 polymer. Light from the broad-band light source is first dispersed then delayed in time. The bunches of delayed spectra produce chirping. The design ensures that the bandwidth of each bunch is about 30nm linewidth at a central wavelength of 1.55µm, corresponding to a coherence length of 15µm. The design is optimized for maximum dispersion with (i) minimum possible number of Bragg gratings and (ii) low attenuation and radiative losses. Tolerance measurements for differential refractive index also reported.
Williamson-Hall and Size-strain plot based micro-structural analysis and evaluation of elastic properties of Dy3+ substituted Co-Zn nano-spinels
Authors: Nikam C U , Kadam S R , Shitole R S , Birajdar A P , Barote V K , Wadgnae S R , Kadam R H , Kale G H
Published: February 2023

Polycrystalline Co-Zn nanoferrites doped with rare earth Dy3+ ions having general chemical formula Co0.9Zn0.2DyxFe1.9-xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.015, 0.03, 0.045 and 0.06) were synthesized via sol-gel auto-combustion route. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) were performed to investigate the structural, microstructral, surface morphology and elastic properties. Well indexed XRD patterns confirm the phase purity and cubic spinel structure of the samples. Fractional doping of Dy3+ ions shifts the Bragg’s lines slightly towards the lower angles which in turn increases the lattice lengths from 8.3795 Å to 8.3834 Å. The strain induced in the crystal lattice was estimated by using Williamson-Hall and Size – Strain Plot methods. Both methods confirm that the tensile type strain was induced in the crystal lattice and increases with the substitution of Dy3+ ions. Surface morphology of the samples was studied by using SEM images which reveals that the grains are almost spherical in nature and the size obtained is analogues with XRD results. FTIR spectra shows the existence of two main absorption bands within the wave number range 388 – 586 cm−1 which confirm the characteristics of spinel ferrites. Elastic properties were estimated by using FTIR data. Elastic moduli and Debye temperature increases with the substitution of Dy3+ ions which are interpreted on the basis of interatomic bondings.
Physical, optical, and mechanical properties of commercially available windshield glasses using various cars
Authors: Kumar S , Kumar D , Singh K
Published: February 2023

Windshield glasses of Maruti Alto 800 (A800), Hyundai i20 (H20), and Maruti Suzuki Eeco (SE) are taken from an automotive repair shop for investigating their physical, optical, and mechanical properties to check their durability. These glasses are amorphous, which is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Energy dispersive spectroscopy confirms that the windshield glasses contain SiO2, Na2O, MgO, CaO, Al2O3, and K2O in variable atomic percentages. The optical bandgap, refractive index, and Urbach energy are calculated using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The highest optical band gap is observed for SE. Micro Vickers hardness test is used to study the fracture toughness and hardness of the glasses. It is found that H20 has the highest hardness as well as toughness in all the windshield glasses.
Gamma-Ray Sensing Properties of Nd Doped Phosphate Glasses
Authors: Deol Samarvijay Singh , Kaur Pardeep , Singh Jaswinder , Kaur Preet , Vermani Yogesh K. , Singh Tejbir
Published: February 2023

Five selected Nd2O3 doped phosphate glass compositions are synthesized using melt quench technique. The physical properties such as density (ρ) and molar volume (Vm) are experimentally measured. The density increases whereas molar volume decreases with addition of Nd2O3 content. The radiation sensing properties for these rare earth (RE) element doped phosphate glass samples have been investigated. The photon attenuation and sensing parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient (μm), linear attenuation coefficient (μL), optimum thickness range (x
opt), effective atomic number (Zeff), and mean free path (mfp) values are computed over wide gamma-ray energy range 1keV -100 GeV within framework of WinXCom software tool. The photon sensing properties of these rare earth doped phosphate glasses vary significantly on account of neodymium oxide content and photon energy. The mean free path (mfp) values of glass samples are found to decrease while the mass attenuation coefficient values rise as Nd2O3 concentration does.
Optical, Dielectric and Structural Properties of SnO2 Nanoparticles Via Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Soumya S S
Published: February 2023

This paper discuss the optical parameters of tin oxide nanopowder prepared by the sol-gel method. Tin oxide nanopowder shows 81 % transmittance in the near IR region. In this region, tin oxide nanopowder shows the highest reflectance, 81 %. The optical band gap was 3.43 eV. The cut-off wavelength of the tin oxide nanopowder is 362.15 nm. The refractive index and the extinction coefficient of the tin oxide nanopowder were calculated. The real and imaginary values of dielectric constants were calculated and the real value of the dielectric constant is higher than the imaginary value of dielectric constants. The average crystallite size from the XRD pattern was 15.93 nm. FESEM analysis shows that the average particle size was 17.21 nm.
A Theoretical analysis of Milk adulteration/contamination detection in camel, buffalo and cow milk using SPR Technique
Authors: Singh Susheel Kumar , Srivastava Akash , Dwivedi L.K.
Published: February 2023

In this paper author have targeted to detect various kinds of adulteration/contamination in camel, cow and buffalo milk using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. SPR technique have numerous features like its label free technique, provide real time analysis and able to detect very minute change in sample’s physical condition from its ideal condition. The change in sample physical condition change can estimate using change in refractive index. The adulteration in milk does for financial benefits but they are highly dangerous for health especially for children and pregnant women. Some more contamination added knowingly as a preservative but they affect the purity of milk so that their detection is essential. In this paper author have targeted to detect mainly urea, melamine, Salmonella and coconut oil in milk by using a Kretschmann configuration based SPR sensor. The sensor consists of high refractive index prism (ZnSe) as a dielectric substrate, gold (Au) nanolayer, Graphene monolayer and heterostructure of BlueP/MoS2. Major performance parameters like sensitivity, Figure of Merit (FoM), Detection accuracy and limit of detection also calculated for each case to validate the result of proposed sensor. The performance of sensor is done in visible region in theoretical way using analytical software MATLAB.
Polymeric Nanofibriller Matrix on ITO Substrate for Flexible Chemical Sensing Applications
Authors: Datta Kunal , Ghosh Prasanta Kumar , Rushi Arti , Shirsat Mahendra
Published: February 2023

The authors present here a facile electrochemical approach to synthesize Poly(Aniline) nanofibriller matrix on ITO coated PET substrate for development of wearable or embeddable sensors. Electrochemical parameters were optimized for even diametric synthesis and controlled length of Poly (Aniline)) nanofibers. A three – step chrono potentiometric deposition was found to be efficient for the synthesis of the matrix. Precise tuning of galvanic conditions during the synthesis process was highly effective and repetitive towards controlling the nucleation of Poly (Aniline) seeds on the substrate that serves as the basis of nanofibers with presumable diameter range. Charge conduction behaviour of the matrix was studied via Linear Sweep Voltammetry and a semiconducting nature was observed. The synthesized nanofibrillar sensor platforms were subjected to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV-VIS Spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy for elucidation of morphological and structural aspects. The distribution of nanofibers network throughout the substrate was uniform and dendritic. Flexibility characteristics of the sensors were studied by bending the sensor to different radii and in-situ monitoring of resistance. The synthesized sensor platforms were subjected to NO2 sensing in chemiresistive mode under dynamic conditions to investigate the applicability of the same under real-time applications. Upon exposure to different concentrations of NO2, the devices exhibit a rapid response at concentrations as low as 1 ppm. The betterment in overall sensing behaviour in comparison to conventional thin film type sensors could be attributed to the one-dimensional structure of nanofibers leading to effective diffusion on analyte molecules and low scattering loss during charge transport. These flexible sensors can be interesting for novel mobile applications.
CdSe quantum dots enhancing blue emission of nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Balwadkar S S , Sutar A S , Doke S S , Jadhav Y , Kulkarni S A , Kahane S V
Published: February 2023

Herein, we report the enhancement in blue emission of nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) doped with CdSe quantum dots (QDs) at room temperature. CdSe QDs were synthesized by a high temperature wet chemical method. X-ray diffraction pattern suggest zinc blend crystal structure of CdSe QDs without impurity phase formation. The absorption peak and PL emission of QDs is observed at 503 nm and 526 nm respectively. The QDs size is found to be 2.3 nm calculated by excitonic peak. The polarization states of the QD-based NLCs were studied by using polarising optical microscopic (POM) images under crossed geometry of polarizer and analyser. The uniform colour distribution throughout the cell indicates uniform cell thickness with a planar alignment of liquid crystal molecules. Moreover, dark, and bright states of POM images are used to analyse the defects in alignment of NLC molecules. It is worthwhile to note here that the incorporation of QDs in NLCs helps in reducing defects and light leakage centres which further increases the absorption and hence emission of NLCs. The significant enhancement in the PL intensity of the NLC of about 60% upon CdSe QDs doping is observed at room temperature which attributed to the increase in molecular alignment of NLCs composite.
The influence of electrodes thicknesses on the characteristics of a helium plasma jet
Authors: Namous W.S.E. , Sahli S. , Benterrouche L. , Bousba H.E.
Published: February 2023

An atmospheric plasma jet reactor (PJR) was designed using two outer disc-like copper plats placed around a quartz tube. The effects of the electrodes’ thicknesses and their placement on the plasma jet length created in helium and its electrical characteristics were investigated. Measurements of the plasma jet length were carried out for different applied voltages and different gas flow rates. The electrical characteristics (such as discharge current and power consumption) of the plasma jet obtained using a high voltage generator delivering a sin-wave signal varying from 13kVp-p to 17kVp-p at a resonance frequency of 5.5kHz, were measured/calculated. The best results (long plasma plume and intense plasma) were obtained with a reactor equipped with a thicker upper electrode and a thinner lower electrode. Using this configuration, a plasma plume 55mm long was reached at 17kVp-p and 7slm of helium.
Surface electric charge decay behavior of Polypropylene (PP) films treated by atmospheric air dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: Labiod S , Ziari Z , Bousbaa H E , Sahli S
Published: February 2023

Atmospheric air dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is one of the most effective physical techniques for the cold plasma source. It is a promising technique used to modify the surface properties of polymers. This modification leads to improving wetting and adhesion properties, a change in surface roughness and other significant technological features. In recent studies, researchers have showed that DBD plasma exposure can modify the electric properties of insulating materials. In this study, we focused our attention on the influence of DBD plasma treatment on the surface electric charge behavior in polypropylene (PP) thin films. The effect of DBD plasma has been studied as a function of treatment time for two values of applied discharge voltages; 7 and 12 kV. After being exposed to DBD plasma, the samples were charged for 5 seconds in ambient air using a negative triode corona electrode system. The influence of DBD plasma treatment on the surface electric charge behaviour in PP thin films was investigated. The surface characterization of the untreated and treated PP films is performed using surface electric charge decay measurements, for identical charging conditions.
Dependence of Matrix Elements on Hydrostatic Pressure and Temperature
Authors: Mona  , Akash  , Priyanka  , Sharma Rinku
Published: February 2023

The matrix elements of a 2 – D electron gas restricted in a GaAs cylindrical quantum wire including Rashba Spin Orbit Interaction, under simultaneous effect of hydrostatic pressure and temperature is investigated. The strong dependency of hydrostatic pressure and absolute temperature, on energy band gap and effective mass of charge carriers of the quantum wire, have been found. Because of this, the linear and non-linear properties of the quantum wire also get affected. We also observed that under the influence of electric and mamagnetic field, the matrix elements get affected strongly with the change in Rashba spin orbit interaction and Magnetic field.
Design of Tunable Far-Infrared Plasmonic Absorber Based on Chalcogenide Phase Change Materials
Authors: Attar R , Sawant R , Pandey S , Joglekar P V , Mondal S , Kulkarni S , Behera J K
Published: February 2023

We propose a wide-angle metamaterial absorber with more than 90% absorption in the far-infrared (F-IR) and terahertz (THz) regimes. Our metal-dielectric metamaterial absorber consists of a phase change layer (Ge2Sb2Te5), a dielectric spacer (MgF2), and a bottom refractory metal layer (TiN). We numerically designed the structure by finite-difference time-domain simulation method and demonstrated a perfect absorption in the spectral range from 10 μm to 50 μm (30 THz to 6 THz). Furthermore, it shows a broad peak with maximum absorption of 93% at the resonant wavelength of 22.5 μm when the phase change layer is in the amorphous (disorder) state. In contrast, the peak resonance is red-shifted to 29.5 μm when the Ge2Sb2Te5 switches to the crystalline (order) state, demonstrating a resonant band tunability of Δλ= 7μm. The proposed structure shown here is a simple planner structure, lithographic-free and easy to fabricate with spectral band tunability, which offers great potential for ultra-cooled detection, imaging, security scanning, gas leakage detection, and remote monitoring applications.
Galactic cosmic rays: direct measurements, status and perspectives
Authors: Coutu Stephane
Published: February 2023

Recent instruments deployed in space or on stratospheric balloons are targeted at various energetic cosmic particles: protons and nuclei, electrons, antiparticles, secondary nuclei (including isotopes), ultraheavy nuclei, complementing the direct study of gamma rays. As a result, new data are brought to bear on high-energy processes in the Galaxy. The instruments have large acceptances and exposures, allowing an energy reach overlapping with ground-based measurements. We review the present state of direct cosmic-ray measurements, as well as near future efforts.
The AMS-02 detector on the ISS - Status and highlights after 11 years on orbit
Authors: Vagelli Valerio , Graziani Maura
Published: February 2023

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, AMS-02, is a magnetic spectrometer detector operating on the International Space Station (ISS) since May the 19th, 2011. More than 200 billion events have been collected by the instrument in the first 11 years of data taking, providing detailed and novel insights on the composition and energy spectra of cosmic rays up to TeV energies. We review the most recent AMS-02 measurements and the advances in the understanding of cosmic ray origin, acceleration and propagation physics.
Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays an overview
Authors: Aloisio Roberto
Published: February 2023

We review the main experimental evidences on ultra high energy cosmic rays and their implications in the physics of these extremely energetic particles, also in connection with dark matter and cosmology. We discuss the basis of theoretical models aiming at explaining observations, highlighting the most relevant open questions in this fascinating field of research.
Results from the Telescope Array
Authors: Matthews J.N.
Published: February 2023

The Telescope Array is a hybrid cosmic ray detector consisting both of fluorescence telescopes and an array of scintillator surface detectors. It is the largest cosmic ray detector in the Northern hemisphere. It is presently expanding from 700 km2 to 2800 km2. The status of spectral, composition, and source search measurements are be presented in addition to an update on the deployment of the TAx4 detector.
VERITAS Highlights 2022
Authors: McGrath Conor
Published: February 2023

The Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) is an array of four 12 m Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs), located at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory in Arizona, USA, that has been in full array operation since 2007. VERITAS conducts research in a variety of areas including galactic science such as supernova remnants, pulsar wind nebulae, binary systems; extra-galactic science including jetted AGN, gamma-ray burst and fast radio burst searches; multimessenger follow-ups and astroparticle physics, including dark matter searches. This paper will cover recent VERITAS highlights and results.
Status of the Large-Sized Telescope of the Cherenkov Telescope Array.
Authors: Pierro Federico Di
Published: February 2023

The Large-Sized Telescopes (LSTs) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) are designed for gamma-ray studies focusing on low energy threshold, high flux sensitivity and rapid telescope repositioning. The LST has a tessellated parabolic mirror of 23 m diameter and a weight of about 100 tons, with the capability of pointing to any position in the sky in 20 seconds or less to catch transients. A 2 ton 3x3 m camera, placed in the focus of the mirror, is equipped with 1855 high QE PMTs corresponding to a FoV of about 4.5 degrees. LSTs will dominate the CTA performance between 20 GeV and approximately 200 GeV. The first LST (LST-1) was inaugurated in La Palma (Spain) in October 2018 and since then it is in the commissioning phase. The current status and performance of the LST-1 are discussed. The telescope behavior is well understood and the performance has reached the design level in terms of sensitivity, angular and energy resolutions. Still some work is needed to achieve the duty cycle goal. We briefly present here some of the first physics results. Finally the outlooks of the project are presented.
High-energy neutrino astronomy — the neutrino connections to the cosmic-ray origin: present and future
Authors: Yoshida Shigeru
Published: February 2023

High-energy neutrino astronomy has been blooming. In addition to the possible identification of the blazar and Seyfert II galaxies as neutrino emitters, the present neutrino data has indicated some hints to characterize or constrain the origin of cosmic rays. Being motivated by the observational fact that the astrophysical neutrino background energy flux is comparable to that of ultrahigh-energy (UHE) cosmic rays, we derive the generic requirements that a major fraction of UHE cosmic ray sources must meet, if they are also responsible for the ∼ 100 TeV-energy cosmic neutrino background radiation. The source parameters characterizing the cosmic ray – neutrino unified scheme, such as the photon radiation luminosity and the cosmic ray luminosity density, suggest that the yet-unidentified cosmic ray and neutrino origins can be transient objects visible in the optical/NIR wavelength band. We propose a viable scheme of multimessenger observations to identify the sources using the neutrino multiplet detections.
A new multimessenger study of Starburst galaxies: a closer look to expecting neutrinos
Authors: Marinelli Antonio , Ambrosone Antonio , Chianese Marco , Fiorillo Damiano , Miele Gennaro , Pisanti Ofelia
Published: February 2023

Considering the high star formation rate (up to 100 M⊙/year) of starburst galaxies (SBGs), they are well posed between the guaranteed “factories” of high energy neutrinos, since they can contain accelerated cosmic rays in the central region where the high-density gas is present. A more accurate description of their possible hadronic emission could help to better explain the diffuse astrophysical flux measured by IceCube as well as the observed point-like excess, like the case of NGC1068. With this in mind we report here a multi-messenger study, looking at diffuse and resolved gamma-ray and neutrino measurements, that explain the very-high-energy (VHE) emission through a calorimetric scenario. For the analysis of the diffuse component we perform a blending of the available spectral indexes and produce a multi-component study of extragalactic background light (EGB), high energy starting events (HESE) and high-energy cascade IceCube data. In contrast to common prototype scenarios, the spectral index blending leads to a non negligible diffuse neutrino component from SBGs, accounting up to 40% of the HESE events, at 95.4% CL. This scenario privileges also a maximal energy within tens of PeV for the accelerated charge particles inside these galaxies. For the point-like study we report the proposed calorimetric description for the gamma-ray resolved SBGs within 100 Mpc, taking into account the star formation rate derived from their infrared emission. These neutrino expectations are then compared with the sensitivity of IceCube, IceCube/Gen2 and the incoming KM3NeT.
Signatures from primordial black hole evaporation
Authors: Calabrese Roberta
Published: February 2023

Primordial Black Holes are hypothetical Black Holes formed in the very early universe and are potential Dark Matter Candidates. We focus on the primordial black hole mass range [5 · 1014 − 1 · 1016] g. Their evaporation can produce detectable signals in existing experiments. We study neutrinos emitted by PBHs evaporation. The interaction of neutrinos emitted from primordial black hole evaporation can interact through the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering producing an observable signal in multi-ton DM direct detection experiments. The non-observation of such signals can be used to place forecast constraints on the fraction of Dark Matter composed of Primordial Black Holes. This talk is based on [1]
OCRA – an outreach program on cosmic rays for teachers and students
Authors: Hemmer S. , Aramo C. , Bissaldi E. , Bocci V. , Bottino B. , Caccianiga L. , Canella S. , Coluccia M. , Dimiccoli F. , Di Pierro F. , Donnini F. , Evoli C. , Giampaoli A. , La Vacca G. , Leonora E. , Menegolli A. , Miozzi S. , Morsani F. , Munini R. , Paoletti R. , Rozza D. , Schioppa M. , Tiberio A.
Published: February 2023

The Outreach Cosmic Ray Activities (OCRA) project was created in 2018 within the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) to offer a platform for all outreach activities focusing on cosmic rays within the institute. OCRA now counts 22 of the institute’s divisions all over Italy as members. The project offers activities both for students and teachers. The one activity common to all local groups is the participation in the yearly International Cosmic Day, organized by DESY, inviting high school students to carry out hands-on measurements of the cosmic ray flux and learn about the related physics background. Two students from each division are then selected to participate in the annual OCRA science camp, a three-day full immersion into the life of a physicist. For both teachers and students, the OCRA website https://web.infn.it/OCRA/, offers a series of online laboratories designed both to be used by students individually but also to be offered in the classroom by teachers. A section dedicated to teachers provides ample material to help bring these laboratories to the classroom. The online materials were presented in a course for teachers in spring 2021. In addition to the national efforts, there are also local initiatives of the OCRA member groups: workshops and secondments, science competitions and the development of new detectors for outreach activities offer a multitude of possibilities for students to engage with our researchers and to explore the world of cosmic rays. This article provides an overview on all activities offered by OCRA with a particular focus on the 2022 science camp.
A catalog of new Blazar candidates with Open Universe by High School students
Authors: Fronte L. , Mazzon B. , Metruccio F. , Munaretto N. , Doro M. , Giommi P. , Viale I. , Barres de Almeida U.
Published: February 2023

Blazars are active galactic nuclei whose ultra-relativistic jets are co-aligned with the observer direction. They emit throughout the whole e.m. spectrum, from radio waves to VHE gamma rays. Not all blazars are discovered. In this work, we propose a catalog of new highly probable candidates based on the association of HE gamma ray emission and radio, X-ray an optical signatures. The relevance of this work is also that it was performed by four high school students from the Liceo Ugo Morin in Venice, Italy using the open-source platform Open Universe in collaboration with the University of Padova. The framework of the activity is the Italian MIUR PCTO programme. The success of this citizen-science experience and results are hereafter reported and discussed.
Analysis of the CMD-3 detector data: selection of low-energy electron-positron annihilation into KKππ0
Authors: Uskov A A
Published: February 2023

We explore the process e+e− → KSK+-π−+π0 with the CMD-3 detector at the electron-positron collider VEPP-2000. Here, we present a selection algorithm. The data amassed by the CMD-3 detector in the energy range of 1.2–2 GeV during 2011, 2012, 2017, 2019 runs, with a total luminosity integral of ∼120pb−1 backs the analysis. Two reasons stand behind the study. First, a recent report of anomalous magnetic moment discrepancy broadening to 4.2σ, see Fermilab article [1]. Searching for New Physics demand sharper Hadronic Vacuum Polarization (HVP) estimate. In its turn, HVP computation relies heavily on hadronic cross-sections measurement. Second, an intermediate vector resonance near 2 GeV (ϕ’’) is still a mystery. It might be a

s

s

−

state, or a hybrid

s

s

−

g

, or ΛΛ− state. Untangling partial decay widths, measuring isospin 1 and 0 cross-sections for e+e− → KSK+-π−+π0, might discern between different ϕ’’ models.
Mechanism of vascular endothelial cell-derived exosomes modified with vascular endothelial growth factor in steroid-induced femoral head necrosis
Authors: Wu Hongliang , Chen Guocheng , Zhang Guibao , Lv Qiang , Gu Di , Dai Minhua
Published: February 2023

Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) is an intractable orthopedic disease. This study investigated the regulatory effect and molecular mechanism of vascular endothelial cell (VEC)-derived exosomes (Exos) modified with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in SANFH. VECs were cultured in vitro and transfected with adenovirus Adv-VEGF plasmids. Exos were extracted and identified. In vitro/vivo SANFH models were established and treated with VEGF-modified VEC-Exos (VEGF-VEC-Exos). The internalization of Exos by BMSCs, proliferation and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs were determined by the uptake test, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, alizarin red staining, and oil red O staining. Meanwhile, the mRNA level of VEGF, the appearance of the femoral head, and histological analysis were assessed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Moreover, the protein levels of VEGF, osteogenic markers, adipogenic markers, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) pathway-related indicators were examined by Western blotting, along with evaluation of the VEGF levels in femur tissues by immunohistochemistry. Glucocorticoid (GC) induced adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs and inhibited osteogenic differentiation. VEGF-VEC-Exos accelerated the osteogenic differentiation of GC-induced BMSCs and inhibited adipogenic differentiation. VEGF-VEC-Exos activated the MAPK/ERK pathway in GC-induced BMSCs. VEGF-VEC-Exos promoted osteoblast differentiation and suppressed adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs by activating the MAPK/ERK pathway. VEGF-VEC-Exos accelerated bone formation and restrained adipogenesis in SANFH rats. VEGF-VEC-Exos carried VEGF into BMSCs and motivated the MAPK/ERK pathway, thereby promoting osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs in SANFH, inhibiting adipogenic differentiation, and alleviating SANFH.