bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dores na coluna: avaliação em pacientes com hipertrofia mamária
Authors: Fernandes Paulo Magalhães , Sabino Neto Miguel , Veiga Daniela Francescato , Abla Luis Eduardo Felipe , Mundim Carlos Delano Araújo , Juliano Yara , Ferreira Lydia Masako
Published: November 2007

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência da hipertrofia mamária sobre as dores na coluna e o quanto poderão comprometer as atividades habituais das pacientes. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo transversal analítico em pacientes dos ambulatórios de Ortopedia e Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital Universitário Samuel Libânio, Pouso Alegre - MG. Foram examinadas 100 mulheres, 50 com hipertrofia mamária (grupo estudo) e 50 com mamas normais (grupo controle). O tamanho das mamas foi classificado conforme critérios de Sacchini.. A Escala Numeral Analógica (NRS) e o questionário de Roland-Morris foram utilizados para avaliar a intensidade das dores na coluna e as limitações resultantes destes sintomas. Realizado teste estatístico comparando os grupos em relação as variáveis analisadas. RESULTADOS: A média da idade das pacientes do grupo estudo e controle foram de 32,2 anos e de 32,7 anos respectivamente, e o IMC foi maior no grupo estudo. Os escores do NRS e do Roland-Morris foram maiores no grupo de estudo em relação ao grupo controle com significância estatística. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as dores nas costas são mais intensas e determinaram maior limitação das atividades habituais em pacientes portadoras de hipertrofia mamária.
Social capital and institutional performance: methodological and theoretical discussion on the water casin committees in metropolitan São Paulo - Brazil
Authors: Jacobi Pedro R. , Monteiro Fernando
Published: November 2007

The paper analyses the institutional transformations that have taken place in the environmental management process in Brazil since the 90´s, emphasizing the enlargement of democratic spaces and popular participation, specially in the field of water management. The focus is on the water basin committees, an institutional engineering that has become one of the references of institutional innovation in the water management process in Brazil since 1997. The new watershed law presents a new framing of the issue of watershed protection, by recognizing the prime importance of a management system, by extending the protection instruments proposed and by opening the possibility of developing widespread agreement among stakeholders for the actions that are needed. The article presents an overview of the theoretical debate and the main outcomes of a survey with all members of the five subcommittees that compose the water basin. The research was developed in 2004 in the water basin of Alto Tietê that covers the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, and is based in the framework of social capital, as a tool to evaluate the institutional development of these democratic spaces. The analysis based on the conceptual framework allows to evaluate the level of associativism, trust, reciprocity and cooperation that enables the consolidation of an effective performance. Water basin committees are the appropriate arenas to develop a comparative study of institutional performance and its relations with cooperative practices linked to preservation and spatial and environmental management.
Lessons from the Kyoto Protocol
Authors: Diniz Eliezer Martins
Published: November 2007

The purpose of this paper is to undertake a critical evaluation of the Kyoto Protocol. The evolution of the discussions that produced the final document is sketched through the analysis of official documents of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), relevant papers and material from the press. We also discuss the factors that cast doubts on the continuation and feasibility of the Protocol and the prospects for the post-Kyoto period and a new compromise.
Rumo a uma abordagem integrada da conservação e uso sustentável da biodiversidade: lições aprendidas a partir do projeto da biodiversidade do Rio Rideau
Authors: Johnson Martha C. , Poulin Michel , Graham Mark
Published: November 2007

Na busca de estratégias para a conservação dos recursos biológicos globais, vem sendo reconhecido, com intensidade crescente, que os métodos científicos convencionais e os arranjos institucionais nem sempre são eficientes para se lidar com a complexidade embutida nas dimensões biofísicas e sociopolíticas desta problemática. No enfrentamento desses desafios, torna-se necessária uma abordagem integrada, capaz de combinar métodos científicos com valores societários. As pesquisas participativas promovem mudanças sociais ao capacitarem as comunidades a encontrar opções adequadas - do ponto de vista coletivo e cultural - para a concretização do desenvolvimento sustentável nos seus próprios termos. A gestão ecossistêmica reconhece a interconectividade dos sistemas sociais e ecológicos e tenta articular a pesquisa científica, a formulação de políticas públicas e o estabelecimento de objetivos societários por meio de pesquisas interdisciplinares e processos de tomada de decisões envolvendo múltiplos atores sociais. Em 1998, o Canadian Museum of Nature (CMN), sediado em Ottawa, em parceria com agências governamentais, instituições educacionais e grupos comunitários iniciaram um estudo multidisciplinar de três anos sobre a saúde do ecossistema do Rio Rideau, na região oriental de Ontário. Este artigo apresenta o Projeto de Conservação da Biodiversidade do Rio Rideau - PBRR (Rideau River Biodiversity Project - RRBP) como um estudo de caso baseado na aplicação de uma abordagem integrada para avaliar a biodiversidade de um ecossistema de água doce. Na parte final, apresentamos uma estrutura conceitual para a construção de uma abordagem integrada da conservação e do uso sustentável da biodiversidade, capaz de combinar os pontos fortes da pesquisa participativa no nível comunitário e da gestão ecossistêmica, mediante um processo de aprendizagem social e investigação transdisciplinar.
De la depredación a la conservación: génesis y evolucion del discurso hegemónico sobre la selva misionera y sus habitantes
Authors: Wilde Guillermo
Published: November 2007

Este artículo analiza la evolución histórica de las representaciones hegemónicas sobre la selva paranaense y la población indígena que la habita. En primer lugar, se describe el proceso de formación del imaginario oficial de la selva, considerada como amenaza al progreso y límite de la civilización durante los siglos XIX y XX. En segundo lugar, se analizan algunas situaciones y discursos de la población guaraní basados en la noción de teko'a. Por último, se reflexiona sobre algunas tensiones derivadas del auge actual del discurso ambientalista, adoptado por las organizaciones indigenistas como referente político.
Publicidade e ambiente: alguns contornos
Authors: Almeida Jr. Antonio Ribeiro de , Andrade Thales Novaes de
Published: November 2007

O presente artigo trata da importância da publicidade na construção social do debate ambiental. Os estudos sobre mídia e ambiente geralmente focam o conteúdo de jornais e programas televisivos, mas nas últimas décadas a publicidade passou a chamar a atenção dos estudiosos sobre o tema. O trabalho procurou discutir a importância do fenômeno do consumo no mundo moderno, e os efeitos sentidos na área ambiental. A seguir são discutidos alguns aspectos do aprimoramento do discurso publicitário no tratamento de temas ambientais.
Utilização da distração osteogênica mediana sagital para tratamento da atresia mandibular
Authors: Maia Luiz Guilherme Martins , Gandini Júnior Luiz Gonzaga , Gandini Márcia Regina Elisa Aparecida Schiavon , Gonçalves João Roberto , Oliveira Cristina Azevedo de
Published: November 2007

OBJETIVO: relatar o tratamento de uma paciente com apinhamento severo decorrente de uma atresia maxilomandibular, tratada por meio da Distração Osteogênica da Sínfise Mandibular (DOSM). RESULTADOS: neste caso, observamos bom engrenamento dentário, diminuição do corredor bucal escuro, correção do apinhamento, boa forma de arcos e boa estética facial, num período de tempo bastante satisfatório, sem trazer dano ao tecido periodontal adjacente. CONCLUSÃO: pacientes com arcos atrésicos e apinhamento dentário podem ser beneficiados com a DOSM que, quando bem indicada, surge como uma nova forma de tratamento para casos limítrofes de apinhamento dentário, nos quais as alternativas convencionais oferecem limitações, tais como o achatamento do perfil facial, o aumento do corredor bucal e a instabilidade.
Simulação computadorizada do perfil facial em cirurgia ortognática: precisão cefalométrica e avaliação por ortodontistas
Authors: Motta Alexandre Trindade Simões da , Brunharo Ione Helena Portela , Miguel José Augusto Mendes , Capelli Jr. Jonas , Medeiros Paulo José D'Albuquerque , Almeida Marco Antonio de Oliveira
Published: November 2007

OBJETIVO: verificar a precisão de um programa de simulação computadorizada na predição de alterações no perfil facial em diferentes tipos de cirurgia ortognática. METODOLOGIA: utilizou-se radiografias e fotografias de perfil das fases pré-cirúrgica e final de 32 pacientes. As movimentações esqueléticas do procedimento cirúrgico foram reproduzidas no traçado pré-cirúrgico, gerando mudanças no perfil mole, originando o traçado e a imagem predictiva de perfil. Analisou-se o perfil da amostra total e dividida em dois grupos, sem cirurgias no sentido vertical (AP) e com cirurgias de impacção ou reposicionamento inferior da maxila (V). Comparou-se cefalometricamente pontos do perfil mole dos traçados predictivo e final. As imagens predictivas computadorizadas foram comparadas com as imagens finais por 20 ortodontistas, que avaliaram cinco regiões: perfil total, nariz, lábio superior, lábio inferior e mento. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: observou-se variabilidade de posicionamento dos pontos do perfil, com mais de 60% dos erros até 2mm e 17% acima de 3mm. Diferenças significativas entre os pontos foram mais freqüentes no sentido vertical. Os ângulos nasolabial e mentolabial predictivos apresentaram-se mais agudos que os finais. As notas médias encontradas na análise subjetiva variaram de 56 para o lábio inferior a 75,42 para o nariz. As imagens predictivas não apresentaram diferenças significativas de qualidade entre os grupos. Em comparação com outros sistemas de simulação computadorizada, este programa pode ser considerado útil na prática clínica ortodôntica e cirúrgica. Entretanto, diante de algumas limitações observadas, recomenda-se cautela no planejamento e apresentação do caso, considerando que algumas predições podem exigir melhorias com ferramentas de ajuste.
Aplicação do Teste de Elegibilidade Multidimensional na definição do público-alvo beneficiário de políticas públicas
Authors: Faria Ana Lucia Cosenza , Silva Denise Britz do Nascimento , Feijó Carmem Aparecida
Published: November 2007

Este artigo apresenta o Teste de Elegibilidade Multidimensional como um método alternativo de seleção de beneficiários para políticas sociais no caso brasileiro. Como a aplicação do referido método requer a utilização de modelos estatísticos com dados coletados em pesquisas domiciliares por amostragem, elabora-se um modelo de regressão logística que relaciona a probabilidade de um domicílio estar em condição de pobreza com suas características físicas e com variáveis socioeconômicas de seus moradores. As probabilidades previstas pelo modelo constituem os escores de propensão (propensity scores) à pobreza que podem ser utilizados como critério de inclusão de domicílios em programas de transferência de renda. As estimativas dos escores de propensão e uma medida de desempenho da focalização foram calculadas com base nas informações da PNAD 2003.
A responsabilidade social das empresas: o contexto brasileiro em face da ação consciente ou do modernismo do mercado?
Authors: Reis Carlos Nelson dos
Published: November 2007

A responsabilidade social das empresas vem sendo questionada e impõe novos desafios gerenciais aos negócios, trazendo a emergência de medidas de enfrentamento para os problemas sociais, pois já não é mais possível conviver com o paradoxo de importantes inovações tecnológicas, de um lado, e a degradação da vida humana, de outro. A responsabilidade social das empresas no Brasil ainda é um desafio, uma vez que as ações de filantropia não têm contribuído efetivamente para a melhoria das condições de vida da sociedade e para a transformação da realidade social vigente. Este texto desenvolve uma problematização dessa questão, tendo como foco um conjunto de empresas brasileiras.
Revisitando a teoria do ciclo do produto
Authors: Pessoa Eneuton , Martins Marcilene
Published: November 2007

Este artigo busca refletir sobre uma questão-chave que perpassa grande parte da literatura crítica à teoria do ciclo do produto: o que foi superado e o que permanece vivo nessa teoria. Após sistematizar o mecanismo básico do ciclo do produto, discutem-se algumas principais insuficiências apontadas e/ou sugeridas pela literatura. Argumenta-se que, se não mais se sustenta a hipótese de que a dinâmica das inovações e dos investimentos diretos externos responde à cronologia do ciclo de vida do produto, por outro lado, a hipótese de que as vantagens comparativas possuem um caráter dinâmico, cuja natureza e importância relativa se modificam ao longo do tempo, em resposta a mudanças nos condicionantes da produção, e conforme o estágio de desenvolvimento e complexidade do produto, permanece viva e mais atual do que nunca.
Desigualdade de rendimentos por Gênero Intra-ocupações no Brasil, em 2004
Authors: Cambota Jacqueline Nogueira , Pontes Paulo Araújo
Published: November 2007

Uma das características mais marcantes do mercado de trabalho brasileiro é o diferencial de rendimentos entre raças e gênero. Diante disso, este trabalho pretende verificar se há nesse mercado desigualdade de rendimentos por gênero para os indivíduos alocados em uma mesma ocupação, segundo sua auto-identificação racial. Para tanto, serão utilizados os dados da PNAD 2004 e uma metodologia semiparamétrica - estimador do núcleo. Os exercícios contrafactuais sugerem evidências de discriminação contra mulher intra-ocupação, sendo esta visualmente mais evidente nas ocupações com maior escolaridade. Verificou-se ainda que a desigualdade de rendimentos é maior para os quantis mais elevados da distribuição.
O ouvido, a boca e o olho: a psicanálise entre o apagamento e a memória dos lugares da linguagem
Authors: Caneppele Alessandra
Published: November 2007

Em Entwurf einer Psychologie, Freud descreve três vivências primárias nas quais um som poderia participar da construção de significações. Essa tripla apresentação concordaria com a estrutura tripartida da linguagem exposta em Zur Auffassung der Aphasien, permitiria a ampliação do procedimento de constituição da significação da palavra apresentado parcialmente nesse primeiro texto e seria mantida depois na tripartição dos procedimentos de construção de significação do trabalho onírico. Reconduzimos, então, a polêmica sobre o limite da linguagem na teoria da psicanálise a apagamentos da multiplicidade de procedimentos de significação que reconhecemos em Freud, para, por fim, postular esses apagamentos enquanto método pertinente ao objeto mesmo da investigação psicanalítica.
Dinâmica do aberto e problemática do estrangeiro
Authors: Natahi Okba
Published: November 2007

Digerido pelo Ocidente, o Oriente não mais dá lugar à experiência do estrangeiro, subsistindo muito pouco do confronto do íntimo com o êxtimo. Aborda-se, aqui, a experiência da migração - que, ao conjugar o familiar e o estranho, o natal e o estrangeiro, leva aquele que migra a interrogar as ficções simbólicas que o ligam à comunidade - na atualidade, em que vigora, como sintoma de uma foraclusão da problemática do estrangeiro, a idéia de uma comunidade compacta, fechada sobre si mesma.
Uma leitura freudiana da categoria de identidade em Anthony Giddens
Authors: Cunha Eduardo Leal
Published: November 2007

Pretende-se examinar as formulações de Anthony Giddens sobre a categoria de identidade, em especial na sua articulação com a experiência da modernidade. Procura-se indicar como tais formulações implicam um modo de apreensão da experiência subjetiva que pode ser posto em questão pela teoria psicanalítica, especialmente a partir da categoria de sujeito, nas suas relações com a razão e a consciência. Compara-se com algumas proposições freudianas em torno da idéia de eu e do seu lugar na formação do aparato psíquico.
O diagnóstico estrutural e sua relação com a transferência em um tratamento analítico
Authors: Grant Walkiria Helena
Published: November 2007

Busca-se refletir, a partir de um enfoque psicanalítico, sobre a questão do diagnóstico estrutural em um caso clínico e sua relação com o lugar que o analista ocupa na relação transferencial. Com base nos fenômenos relatados durante as sessões, destaca-se um leque de possibilidades quanto ao diagnóstico estrutural do caso - neurose, psicose ou perversão -, ressaltando-se que ele só pode ser pensado com base na especificidade da relação transferencial estabelecida com o analista. Uma particularidade deste caso clínico permitiu abordar o lugar que o tecido significante da poesia e da música ocupou diante do sem-sentido da morte.
Passagem da compreensão à verdade: contribuição do estruturalismo à teoria lacaniana da psicose
Authors: Sales Léa Silveira
Published: November 2007

A argumentação procura mostrar que é a inserção na racionalidade estruturalista que finalmente conduz Lacan a providenciar a descrição de um dispositivo específico na causação da psicose, permitindo, através da distinção entre conhecimento e verdade, a superação dos impasses de sua tese de doutorado, então baseada em critérios de assentimento social e na tentativa de sobrepor explicação e compreensão.
Do trauma ao fenômeno psicossomático (FPS): lidar com o sem-sentido?
Authors: Fonseca Maria Carolina Bellico
Published: November 2007

Trabalha-se com a hipótese de que o trauma provoca uma invasão de real que pode ser contida pelo FPS que, ao fazê-lo, torna-se ele mesmo um ponto de condensação de gozo. Para isso, elabora-se o corpo e o adoecer a partir da Psicanálise. Faz-se, em seguida, uma breve revisão da teoria do trauma dentro das teorias freudiana e lacaniana, marcando sua importância para a ocorrência da lesão. Na seqüência, aborda-se o FPS na vertente do significante e do gozo. Por fim, considera-se a hipótese de o FPS ser um remendo no furo causado pelo trauma na tela da fantasia ou no delírio.
A Medusa e o gozo: uma leitura da diferença sexual em psicanálise
Authors: Poli Maria Cristina
Published: November 2007

Pretende-se retomar, nas obras de Freud e Lacan, algumas das principais balizas do estatuto da diferença sexual em psicanálise. O enigma feminino, assinalado por Freud, e as diferentes formas de gozo, referidas por Lacan, situam o registro da referida diferença. Por fim, algumas contribuições de Foucault nos permitem avaliar a implicação política da psicanálise em relação a esse tema.
A gramática amorosa da amizade
Authors: Brun Danièle
Published: November 2007

A amizade tem origem nos primeiros laços amorosos, dos quais traz a marca. A satisfação sexual obtida nas relações de amizade, embora distinta daquela que caracteriza o amor, repousa sobre a sexualidade infantil. Aborda-se, com o apoio da literatura e da clínica (a partir da clínica e da literatura), a especificidade da amizade e seu papel no contexto da identificação e da imagem de si.
Coronal dentinal tubules of non-erupted deciduous incisors
Authors: COSTA Luciane Ribeiro de Rezende Sucasas da , WATANABE Ii-Sei , KRONKA Marcia Consentino
Published: November 2007

The diameter and density of coronal dentinal tubules were assessed in non-erupted human deciduous incisors. Using liquid nitrogen, frozen samples were fractured in longitudinal and oblique directions and observed by means of a Jeol JSM-6100 scanning electron microscope. It was observed that the diameter of dentinal tubules ranged from 0.50 to 1.94 micrometers and increased significantly from the outer to the inner layers. However, comparing the incisal, middle and cervical thirds, no statistically significant differences were observed. The number of tubules per square millimeter varied from 3,281 to 32,313 and also increased from the external dentinal surface to the dentinal surface of the pulp chamber.
Effectiveness of low cost toothbrushes, with or without dentifrice, in the removal of bacterial plaque in deciduous teeth
Authors: Parizotto Symonne Pimentel Castro de Oliveira Lima , Rodrigues Célia Regina Martins Delgado , Singer Júlio da Motta , Sef Henry Corazza
Published: November 2007

The main objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a low cost toothbrush ("monoblock") to that of a conventional toothbrush with and without addition of dentifrice with respect to the removal of dental plaque. Thirty-two 4- to 6-year-old children took part in this study: they were evaluated under four experimental conditions defined by the combinations of the values of two factors, toothbrush (conventional or monoblock) and use of dentifrice (with or without). The effectiveness of the treatments was defined in terms of the reduction of a bacterial plaque index evaluated before and after toothbrushing. No statistically significant differences were detected between the two types of toothbrushes with respect to the reduction of the bacterial plaque index. Similarly, there were no statistical evidences that the use of dentifrice improves the mechanical control of dental plaque. These results are important from a public health point of view, specially in developing countries, where the dissemination of educational and preventive techniques of low cost are fundamental.
A randomized, controlled, crossover trial of oral midazolam and hydroxyzine for pediatric dental sedation
Authors: Lima Alessandra Rodrigues de Almeida , Costa Luciane Ribeiro de Rezende Sucasas da , Costa Paulo Sérgio Sucasas da
Published: November 2007

The effectiveness of oral midazolam in pediatric dentistry is controversial. This randomized, controlled, crossover, double blind clinical trial was conducted in order to study the effect of midazolam, used either alone or in association with hydroxyzine, during child dental treatment. Thirty seven dental sedation sessions were carried out on 11 ASA I uncooperative children less than five years-old. In each appointment children were randomly assigned to groups: P - placebo, M - midazolam (1.0 mg/kg), or MH - midazolam (0.75 mg/kg) plus hydroxyzine (2.0 mg/kg). Vital signs (blood pressure, breathing rate, pulse and oxygen saturation) and behavior parameters (consciousness, crying, movement, overall behavior) were evaluated every 15 minutes. Friedman and Wilcoxon statistical tests were used to compare groups and different moments in the same group. Normal values of vital signs were usually registered. Heart rate increased in groups P and M as the session went on. Group M presented less crying and movement at the first 15 minutes of treatment. Group MH caused more drowsiness at the beginning of the session. Overall behavior was better in group M than in groups P or MH. Group M produced effective sedation in 77% of the cases, and group MH did so in 30.8%. It was concluded that midazolam was effective and safe, and its association with hydroxyzine did not lead to additional advantages in pediatric dental sedation.
An instrumental set up for seed germination studies with temperature control and automatic image recording
Authors: Teixeira Pedro C.N. , Coelho Neto José A. , Rocha Humberto , Oliveira Juracy M. de
Published: November 2007

This paper describes a new instrumental methodology proposed for the study of seed germination which can be applied to germination physiology, agriculture and forest restoration. This instrument performs the recording of images of germinating seeds through the use of a flat-bed scanner coupled to a computer, where a specific program commands the capture of these images at predetermined time intervals. These images are archived for posterior analysis. The device allows the collection of data and the elaboration of germination curves with high accuracy. Furthermore, the device permits the study of seed germination over a broad range of temperatures as well as the easy application of chemical agents to the seeds in order to study their influence on the germination process. Lactuca sativa seeds were used in this study as an experimental model. Germination curves were plotted at different temperatures in order to evaluate the device for experimental work. This paper also presents a methodology of statistical analysis that supports the reliability of this equipment.
Occurrence of myo-inositol-1-phosphate phosphatase in pteridophytes: characteristics of the enzyme from the reproductive pinnules of Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott
Authors: Banerjee Ritwika , Chhetri Dhani R. , Adhikari Jukta
Published: November 2007

Evident myo-inositol-1-phosphate phosphatase (MIPP) activity has been detected both in the vegetative as well as in the spore-bearing organs of some selected pteridophytes having wide phylogenetic diversity. The basic characterization of this enzyme was carried out using the cosmopolitan fern Dryopteris filix-mas. The enzyme was partially purified from the cytosol fraction obtained from the reproductive pinnules of the plant to about 41-fold over the initial homogenate following low-speed centrifugation, streptomycin sulfate precipitation, 25-70% ammonium sulfate fractionation, CM Sephadex C-50 chromatography and finally gel-filtration on Ultrogel AcA 34. The apparent molecular weight of the native MIPP was estimated to be 94 kDa. The enzyme activity increased linearly with respect to protein concentration to about 150 µg and with respect to time up to 75 min. The temperature optimum was found at 40ºC. However, the enzyme showed good activity over the temperature range of 30-50ºC. This enzyme used D/L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate as its principal substrate (95-100%), however, about 16% activity was recorded when D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate substituted as substrate. Furthermore, weak (3%) activity of this MIPP was observed with 2-glycerophosphate as substrate. The apparent Km for pteridophytic MIPP was 0.083 mM. The enzyme was functional in a narrow pH range of 7.5 to 8.5. The activity of this MIPP enzyme was remarkably inhibited by the presence of a monovalent cation, lithium, and even moderately so at a low concentration such as 1 mM. On the other hand, magnesium, a divalent cation, enhanced activity at least up to 10 mM. Calcium diminished MIPP activity at concentrations over 4 mM.
Limitations to photosynthesis at different temperatures in the leaves of Citrus limon
Authors: Pimentel Carlos , Bernacchi Carl , Long Steve
Published: November 2007

The response of CO2 assimilation rate (A) to the intercellular partial pressure of CO2 (Ci) was measured on intact lemon leaves over a range of temperatures (10 to 40ºC). The A/Ci response shows how change in the leaf temperature alters the activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) and RuBP regeneration via electron transport. The rate of A reached a maximum of 7.9 to 8.9 µmol m-2 s-1 between 25 and 30ºC, while dark respiration (Rd) increased with temperature from 0.4 µmol m-2 s-1 at 10ºC to 1.4 µmol m-2 s-1 at 40ºC. The maximum rates of carboxylation (Vc,max) and the maximum rates of electron transport (Jmax) both increased over this temperature range from 7.5 to 142 µmol m-2 s-1 and from 23.5 to 152 µmol m-2 s-1, respectively. These temperature responses showed that A can be limited by either process depending on the leaf temperature, when Ci or stomatal conductance are not limiting. The decrease in A associated with higher temperatures is in part a response to the greater increase in the rate of oxygenation of RuBP compared with carboxylation and Rd at higher temperatures. Although A can in theory be limited at higher Ci by the rate of triose-phosphate utilization, this limitation was not evident in lemon leaves.
Salminus franciscanus, a new species from the rio São Francisco basin, Brazil (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae)
Authors: Lima Flávio C. T. , Britski Heraldo A.
Published: November 2007

Salminus franciscanus, the large-sized dourado from the rio São Francisco basin, Brazil, is described. The new species was actually known ichthyologically since at least Valenciennes (in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850) but it was never properly identified. Salminus franciscanus can be diagnosed from its congeners by the combination of the presence of an enlarged second tooth in the outer series of the dentary considerably larger than the remaining teeth, the absence of a dark post-orbital stripe, scale counts (68-82 lateral line scales, 11-14 horizontal series of scales between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line, and 6-8 horizontal series of scales between the lateral line and the pelvic-fin insertion), and a developed extension of the middle rays of the caudal fin. The historical taxonomy of the species is discussed.
New Hyphessobrycon from the upper rio Pardo drainage in eastern Brazil (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)
Authors: Bertaco Vinicius A. , Malabarba Luiz R. , Dergam Jorge A.
Published: November 2007

A new species of characid, Hyphessobrycon vinaceus, is described from the upper rio Pardo, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all other Hyphessobrycon species by the combination of the following characters: the body red or reddish pigmented in live specimens, an anterior and conspicuous vertically elongate black humeral spot followed by a second faint humeral spot, 5 teeth in the inner series of premaxilla, maxilla with 2-3 pentacuspidate teeth, 15-17 branched anal-fin rays, 4-5 scale rows above and 3-4 scale rows below lateral line, lateral line with 10-26 perforated scales, 32-34 scales in a longitudinal series, and by a smaller head length in relation to standard length (23.9-26.7%).
A new species of Hemibrycon (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) from the río Ucayali drainage, Sierra del Divisor, Peru
Authors: Bertaco Vinicius A. , Malabarba Luiz R. , Hidalgo Max , Ortega Hernán
Published: November 2007

A new characid species, Hemibrycon divisorensis, is described from the río Ucayali drainage, Loreto, Peru. The new species is distinguished from all Hemibrycon species by the presence of a wide black asymmetrical spot covering base of caudal-fin rays and extending along entire length of caudal-fin rays 9 to 12-13 (except from H. surinamensis), and a black band in the lower half of the caudal peduncle extending from the region above the last anal-fin rays to the caudal-fin base. Furthermore, it is distinguished from most species of the genus by the number of scale rows below the lateral line (4-5 vs 5-9), except H. jabonero, H. microformaa, H. orcesi, and H. surinamensis. It differs from these species by scale and fin ray counts and color pattern. The lack of a supraorbital in Hemibrycon species is discussed and confirmed.
A new Moenkhausia Eigenmann, 1903 (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) from Chapada Diamantina, rio Paraguaçu Basin, Bahia, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Benine Ricardo C. , Castro Ricardo M. C. , Santos Alexandre C. A.
Published: November 2007

Moenkhausia diamantina, new species, is described from tributaries of the rio Paraguaçu, BA, northeastern Brazil. This species is distinguished from all congeners by features of body color pattern, the presence of scales on the predorsal median line and the number of anal-fin rays.
Hypostomus chrysostiktos, a new species of armored catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from rio Paraguaçu, Bahia State, Brazil
Authors: Birindelli José L. O. , Zanata Angela M. , Lima Flávio C. T.
Published: November 2007

Hypostomus chrysostiktos, a new species of armored catfish of the family Loricariidae, is described. The most remarkable characteristic of the new species, which allows its prompt diagnosis from congeners, is the high number of branched rays in the dorsal fin (10-11). In addition, the new species can be diagnosed from the remaining Loricariidae by the combination of the following characters: slightly evertible cheek plates, four branched anal-fin rays, naked abdomen, and snout almost completely plated. The characters states shared by H. chrysostiktos and the tribe Hypostomini, which indicates it as belonging to that group, are: a hatched-shaped opercle, the anterior process of the pterotic-supracleitrum passing halfway the orbit, a pointed post-cleithral process, and slightly evertible cheek plates. The description of this armored catfish provides more evidence for the high level of endemism in the ichthyofauna of rio Paraguaçu basin, a coastal river of northeastern Brazil.
A new species of Propimelodus Lundberg & Parisi, 2002 (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from rio Araguaia, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Rocha Marcelo S. , Oliveira Renildo R. de , Rapp Py-Daniel Lúcia H.
Published: November 2007

A new species of Propimelodus from the middle course of the rio Araguaia is described. Propimelodus araguayae, new species, can be distinguished from its congeners in having a conspicuous black dot on the base of the dorsal-fin rays (vs. a different pattern), large eyes (29.7-34.8% of head length and 62.7-74.7% of snout length vs. 14.5-21.1% and 31-44% in P. caesius and 9.5-19.7% and 17-38% in P. eigenmanni), anal-fin lobe present (vs. absent), premaxillary bone with three irregular rows of teeth (vs. 4-5 in P. caesius and 5-8 in P. eigenmanni), tip of anterior lateral process of basipterygium at the same level as the tip of the anterior medial process (vs. anterior lateral process extending beyond the tip of the anterior medial process), total number of vertebrae (43-44 vs. 47-48 in P. caesius and 45-46 in P. eigenmanni) and total number of gill rakers (28-33 vs. 20-23 in P. caesius and 19-20 in P. eigenmanni). This new species is possibly endemic to the middle course of the rio Araguaia.
A new species of the genus Pimelodus La Cépède, 1803 from the rio Iguaçu basin and a reappraisal of Pimelodus ortmanni Haseman, 1911 from the rio Paraná system, Brazil (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)
Authors: Garavello Julio Cesar , Shibatta Oscar Akio
Published: November 2007

A new species, Pimelodus britskii, is described from the rio Iguaçu in the rio Paraná drainage, on the border of Paraná and Santa Catarina states, Brazil. Specimens of this species were wrongly included in the type series of Pimelodus ortmanni. Pimelodus britskii is distinguished from its congeners by color pattern, having circular dark brown blotches usually smaller than one orbital diameter, regularly and scattered along the trunk. Differs from P. ortmanni by the following characters: body depth at posterior cleithral process greater than head length; lips not prominent; and maxillary barbel reaching or surpassing vertical drawn through median of adipose fin. Pimelodus britskii represents the second species of the genus Pimelodus from the rio Iguaçu basin.
Following food clouds: feeding association between a minute loricariid and a characidiin species in an Atlantic Forest stream, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Leitão Rafael P. , Caramaschi Érica P. , Zuanon Jansen
Published: November 2007

Following behavior is a widespread feeding tactic among marine fishes, but remains poorly documented for freshwater fishes. The present study describes such association between two freshwater species: the minute armored catfish Parotocinclus maculicauda and the South American darter Characidium sp. During underwater observations in an Atlantic Forest stream, we recorded Characidium sp. closely following P. maculicauda (<5cm), catching the particles dislodged by this catfish's grazing activity. The following behavior displayed by the darter is considered opportunistic and possibly favors the capture of preys associated to the periphyton. This study is one of the few records of nuclear-follower feeding association between freshwater fishes and the first one in Atlantic Forest streams.
Biology and ecomorphology of stream fishes from the rio Mogi-Guaçu basin, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Katiane M.
Published: November 2007

The córrego Paulicéia is a direct tributary of the rio Mogi-Guaçu, located in Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, State of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. This stream runs inside a savannah-like (cerrado) environment and it associated vegetation. Biological and ecomorphological aspects of its fish community were studied in three stretches of the stream, denominated herein as the upper, middle and lower courses. The fish fauna recorded in this study consisted of 15 species, belonging to five orders and nine families, based in a total of 715 collected individuals representing 1,450 kg of biomass. The most important abiotic factors related to the occurrence and distribution of the fish fauna were the substrate, current speed, and presence or absence of riparian vegetation. The analysis of 336 stomach contents of 13 species demonstrated that 65% of food items are autochthonous, 32% allochthonous, and 3% are of unknown origin. Four alimentary guilds could be identified, based on the predominant food items: omnivores with tendency to insectivory - Astyanax paranae, A. fasciatus and Piabina argentea; larvivores - Corydoras difluviatilis, Cetopsorhamdia iheringi, Phenacorhamdia tenebrosa, Characidium gomesi, Eigenmannia virescens, and Rhamdia quelen; periphyton feeders - Hisonotus sp., Hypostomus ancistroides and Synbranchus marmoratus; and piscivore - Hoplias malabaricus. Reproductions data are presented for Astyanax altiparanae and Hisontus sp. Three ecomorphological groups could be established, based on swimming, feeding, and microhabitat strategies: nektonic (A. fasciatus, A. paranae, Bryconamericus stramineus, P. argentea, H. malabaricus and Phallotorynus jucundus), benthic (C. gomesi, P. tenebrosa, C. iheringi, R. quelen, C. difluviatilis, H. ancistroides and Hisonotus sp.), and necktobenthic (E. virescens and S. marmoratus).
Histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of a Neotropical fish caged in an urban stream
Authors: Camargo Marina M. P. , Martinez Cláudia B. R.
Published: November 2007

Histological changes in gills, kidney and liver were used to evaluate the health of the Neotropical fish species Prochilodus lineatus, subjected to in situ tests for 7 days in a disturbed urban stream and in a reference site, during winter and summer. In fish caged in the urban stream the most common lesions were epithelial lifting, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the respiratory epithelium, lamellar fusion, and aneurysms in the gills; enlargement of the glomerulus, reduction of Bowman's space, occlusion of the tubular lumen, cloudy swelling and hyaline droplet degeneration in the kidneys; hepatocytes with hypertrophy, cytoplasmic and nuclear degeneration, melanomacrophage aggregates, bile stagnation and one case of focal necrosis in the liver. The lesions were comparatively most severe in the liver. Histopathology showed to be a very suitable biomarker for use in conjugation with the in situ test, because the seasonal variation did not interfere in the results and it was possible to differentiate the sites in the urban stream from the reference site.
Size composition, monthly condition factor and morphometrics for fishery-dependent samples of Rioraja agassizi (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae), off Santos, Southeast Brazil
Authors: Oddone M. Cristina , Amorim Alberto F. de , Mancini Patrícia L. , Norbis Walter
Published: November 2007

Specimens of Rioraja agassizi were collected monthly off Santos, Southeast Brazil, between latitudes 23º37'S and 27º40'S, from March, 2005 to March, 2006. A total number of 278 males and 1023 females were captured. Observed depth range was 10-120 m, being the species absent above 120 m. Sex ratio significantly favored females. The entire length range of R. agassizi was observed. Females ranged in length from 16.0 to 59.4 cm and males from 13.0 to 47.2 cm. Mean female length was significantly higher than that of males. For grouped length distributions, asymmetry patterns were observed in both sexes. Length-width functions were sexually dimorphic. Males with lengths < 24.5 cm were relatively wider than females. Length-total weight curves were significantly different than length-gutted weight ones, in both sexes. Females were heavier than males for a given TL class. The angular coefficient b was significantly <3 (negative allometry) in the males, and also for the females with exception of spring when b was >3 (positive allometry). The monthly variation of the condition factor showed significant differences in both sexes.
Design and construction of an Electric Fish Finder
Authors: Crampton William G. R. , Wells Jonathan K. , Smyth Charles , Walz Steven A.
Published: November 2007

We provide notes on the design and construction of an Electric Fish Finder - a portable differential amplifier for detecting the electrostatic fields of gymnotiform knifefishes. The device can be adapted to locate electric fishes in any kind of aquatic environment. It is rugged, water resistant, and powered by alkaline batteries. This contribution is part of a series of technical papers designed to encourage students of neotropical ichthyology to explore the ecology, systematics, and electric signaling of gymnotiform fishes.
Mouse Skin Bioassay for Chemical Carcinogens
Authors: Pereira Michael A.
Published: November 2007

The mouse skin initiation/promotion bioassay is one of the proposed bioassays of the Carcinogenesis Testing Matrix for tier II (Bull and Pereira, 1980). A review of the literature indicated that 544 chemicals and substances have been examined by application to mouse skin for carcinogenic activity. Poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, direct acting alkylating agents, and environmental samples of complex mixtures and subtractions of them that include condensates of automobile exhaust and cigarette smoke have been demonstrated to be carcinogenic by the mouse skin bioassay. Chemical classes of carcinogens that have not been demonstrated to contain initiation and carcinogens in mouse skin include azoxy, diazo, halogenated methanes, hydrazine, inorganics, steroids, and sulfonates. The mouse skin assay can be modified so mat the test substance is administered systemically i.e., oral and intraperitoneal and the promoter applied topically. This modification has the potential of increasing the number of chemical classes detected in the mouse skin initiation/promotion bioassay.
Comparison of Complete Carcinogenesis and Tumor Initiation and Promotion in Mouse Skin: The Induction of Papillomas by Tumor Initiation-Promotion a Reliable Short Term Assay
Authors: Slaga T.J. , Fischer S.M. , Triplett L.L. , Nesnow S.
Published: November 2007

Skin tumors can be induced by the sequential application of a subthreshold dose of a carcinogen (initiation phase), followed by repetitive treatment with a weak or noncarcinogenic tumor promoter. Using a two-stage system to induce tumors in Senear mice there is a very good dose-response relationship between the induction of the number of papillomas per mouse at early times (10 to 20 weeks) and the final carcinoma incidence after longer latency (20 to 50 weeks). This system can be used not only to determine the tumor initiating and promoting activities of a compound but if the agent is given repeatedly by itself one can also determine if it is a complete carcinogen, i.e., if it has both tumor initiating and promoting activity. With the exception of a few pure tumor initiators, there is in general a good qualitative and quantitative correlation between the ability of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) to act as a complete carcinogen and to act as a tumor initiator in mouse skin. In addition, if the agent is given concurrently with a known complete carcinogen or a tumor initiator one can also determine if the agent has co-carcinogenic or co-tumor initiating activity or even possibly anticarcinogenic activity. Likewise, if the agent is given concurrently with a known tumor promoter one can determine if the agent has co-promoting or anti-pro-moting activity. There is a good correlation between the tumor-initiating activities of PAH and their abilities to bind covalently to DNA. In addition, various inhibitors of PAH tumor initiation show a strong correlation with their abilities to inhibit the binding of the PAH to DNA and their anti-tumor initiating activities. There is also a good correlation between the promoting abilities of phorbol esters to promote tumors and their abilities to induce ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), cell proliferation and dark basal keratinocytes. When other nonpromoting hyperplastic agents are used, only dark cell induction correlates with promotion. Certain polyamines and prostaglandins can enhance phorbol ester tumor promotion. Anti-inflammatory steroids, retinoids, and protease inhibitors are potent inhibitors of tumor promotion. They inhibit tumor promotion by inhibiting either the 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced cell proliferation, ODC and/or dark basal keratinocytes. Certain weak promoters such as mezerein which mimics TPA in many biochemical and morphological effects are potent second step promoters in a two-stage promotion regimen.
Rat Liver Foci Bioassay
Authors: Pereira Michael A.
Published: November 2007

This article is a review of the rat liver foci bioassay which is an initiation/promotion assay that utilizes preneoplastic foci of hepatocytes possessing altered enzymatic activity and altered cellular constituents as indicators of carcinogenesis. Rat liver tumor promoters that have been employed in the assay include: (1) a low level of 2-acetylaminofluorene in the diet, (2) phenobarbital in the diet and drinking water and (3) a choline deficient diet. Camma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive, and adenosine triphosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphatase-defi-cient foci are used to indicate the initiation of cancer and are reviewed with respect to their relationship to cancer. Partial hepatectomy at the time of initiation increases the sensitivity of the assay to dialkylnitrosamines and chemicals which are otherwise negative in rat liver. The protocols being developed by the Health Effects Research Laboratory in Cincinnati include: (1) partial hepatectomy either 18 hours prior to or 14 days after administering the chemical under test, (2) phenobarbital promotion and (3) using gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive foci as the indicator of carcinogenesis. The article also reviews the rat liver foci bioassay as a component of the Carcinogenesis Testing Matrix for tier II where it will be employed to confirm the carcinogenic hazard associated with environmental samples containing complex mixtures.
Strain a Mouse Lung Tumor Bioassay
Authors: Stoner Gary D. , Shimkin Michael B.
Published: November 2007

This report summarizes data on the testing of 228 chemicals for carcinogenic activity by the strain A mouse lung adenoma bioassay. The assay is of six months duration and can distinguish two-fold dose differences in carcinogenic potential of compounds from a variety of chemical classes. Most compounds that induced lung tumors in strain A mice have also evoked a neoplastic response in other experimental animal bioassays and/or demonstrated mutagenic activity in various short-term tests. Recommendations are made for future studies on the: (a) distribution and metabolism of chemicals in strain A mouse lung tissue and in specific lung cell types, (b) ability of the lung adenoma bioassay to detect promoting agents, and (c) use of the bioassay to investigate the interactions of more than one chemical.