bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Pandemic is in Progress: Long Covid, Omicrons, Vaccination and Vaccines
Authors: Kharchenko E. P.
Published: November 2022

The article discusses the residual effects of survivors of COVID-19, referred to as long-term covid, a short list of their manifestations, their possible causes and difficulties of recognition. Changes in the primary structure of emerging coronaviruses from the Wuhan strain to new omicron strains are analyzed. Among the features of their evolution, there is an increase in the content of arginine and lysine, especially in the S1 subunit, and a decrease in the proportion of aspartic and glutamic amino acids. The receptorbinding domain of omicrons is characterized by a tendency to decrease the content of threonine, serine and glutamine. Mutations in the S protein are characterized by asymmetry in relation to both substitutable and substitutive amino acids. Isoleucine and cysteine are not replaced. Certain trends and limitations in the mutations of their S protein and especially the unusual ratio transversion: transitions in them argue for the version of the artificial origin of the SARS-Cov-2 variants. At the level of the S protein genes, there are prohibitions regarding the use of certain codons. To assess the effectiveness of vaccines and the sensitivity of coronaviruses to them during a pandemic, it is useful to divide pandemic coronaviruses into two groups: omicrons and pre-omicrons. This division is justified by the fact that these groups differ sharply in the number of mutations and changes in the composition of immune epitopes, especially in the receptor-binding domain. The specific tendency of changes in its amino acid composition, apparently, is associated with a consistent decrease in pathogenicity in BA.1, BA.2, BA.4 and BA.5 variants. Taking into account these features makes it possible to predict the sensitivity of coronavirus strains to the vaccines used and rationally design vaccines with a wide range of specificity.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Immunization Saint-Petersburg Population against COVID-19
Authors: Dar'ina M. G. , Ljubimova A. V. , Svetlichnaja Yu. S. , Zahvatova A. S. , Jazenok A. V. , Harit S. M. , Aslanov B. I.
Published: November 2022

Relevance. Vaccination is being replaced by the primary and most effective means of protecting the world's population from a new coronavirus infection.

Aim. Evaluation of the effectiveness of COVID-19 immunization in Saint-Petersburg.

Materials and methods: We retrospectively studied the epidemiological data on the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in St. Petersburg among adults vaccinated (1,558,030 people) and unvaccinated (2,863,050 people) for period from December 01, 2020 to November 30, 2021 on 12.01.2021. We analyzed the data presented in the Federal Register of Persons with COVID-19 and the Federal Register of Those Vaccinated against COVID-19.

Results. The risk of COVID-19 infection among vaccinated is statistically significantly lower than among unvaccinated RR = 0.11 (95% CI 0.109–0.110; p < 0.001). Infected COVID-19 Vaccinated patients were less likely to need for emergency care/hospitalization RR = 0.30 (95% CI 0.29–0.30; p < 0.001). Also among the vaccinated mortality was lower RR = 0.35 (95% CI 0.33–0.37; p < 0.001).

Conclusion: We have established reliable preventive effectiveness of the use of domestic vaccines by reducing morbidity, the frequency of development of forms of the disease requiring inpatient treatment; reducing mortality among vaccinated and, accordingly, reducing the burden on the healthcare system of St. Petersburg.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Vaccination of Russian Railways employees
Authors: Kostenko N. A. , Jidkova E. A. , Goriaev A. A. , Shangin I. V. , Khaltourina D. A. , Matveyev Y. N. , Ustyuzhanin V. V. , Gurevich K. G.
Published: November 2022

Relevance. The effectiveness of vaccination of the working population against COVID-19 in the Russian background has not been studied enough.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination of the working population with Gam-COVID-Vak (Sputnik V) in the Russian Railways as an example.

Materials & Methods.The effectiveness of vaccination with Sputnik V among employees of Russian Railways in the period from January 21 to November 31, 2021 was performed with the Cox regression method.

Results. The effectiveness of Sputnik V against COVID-19 infection with was 97.8% (95% CI 97.8–97.9%) for two doses, 91.9% (95% CI 91.6–92.2%) for a single dose, and 97.9% (95% CI 97.6–98.1%) for revaccination, all after socio-demographic factors adjusted. The effectiveness of vaccination against COVID-19 with hospitalization was 97.5% for two doses of Sputnik V (95% CI 97.1–97.9%), 86.1% (95% CI 83.7–88.1%) for a single dose, and 98.2% (95% CI 96.3–99.2%) for revaccination. The effectiveness against lethal COVID-19 was 95.2% (95% CI 93.1–96.6%) for two doses of Sputnik V and 94.8% (95% CI 89–97.6%) for one dose. The high efficiency of vaccination could be associated with a fairly young age composition of the employees of the Russian Railways.

Conclusions. The study showed the high effectiveness of vaccination with Sputnik V against COVID-19 among the working population.
Monitoring System for Adverse Events Following Immunization in Russia and the World. Modern aspects and problems
Authors: Bakhmutskaya E. V. , Chernyavskaya O. P. , Volkova N. A.
Published: November 2022

Relevance. During a pandemic, the epidemiological well-being of the population of the whole world depends on the vaccination of each individual person, as cells of the immune layer. Only reliable and open information about adverse events after the use of vaccines, obtained in a timely manner in the process of continuous monitoring, can support the confidence and adherence of the population to vaccination.

Aim. To assess the monitoring system for AEFI (Adverse Events Following Immunization) in the Russian Federation and other countries.

Materials and methods. A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted with a review of regulatory and methodological documents, forms of federal statistical observation, information from the AIS «DRAID» (Analytical Information System «Department of registration and accounting of infectious diseases» program in Moscow, acts of investigation of post-vaccination complications, which were carried out by specialists from the branches of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in Moscow, sources: eLIBRARU.ru, cyberleninka.ru, information from WHO’s websites, Internet resources for monitoring AEFIs in different countries and websites of manufacturers of COVID-19 vaccines, instructions for vaccines.

Conclusion. Thus, it is almost impossible for an epidemiologist working in one of the departments that participates in the monitoring of AEFIs to conduct a full-fledged prospective and retrospective epidemiological analysis and draw unambiguous conclusions about the AEFIs based only on data from open sources and forms of state statistical observation. There is a need for interaction and exchange of information between the subjects of monitoring.
Analysis of the Features of the Genomic Organization of Plague Microbe Strains Suitable for the Creation of a New Attenuated Vaccine
Authors: Grigorievykh A. V. , Bochalgin N. O. , Vityazeva S. A. , Pescherova R. I. , Mukhturgin G. B. , Dubrovina V. I. , Mironova L. V. , Balakhonov S. V.
Published: November 2022

Relevance. To date, the specific prevention of plague remains the most effective measure to prevent to prevent the deterioration of the epidemiological situation for this especially dangerous infection in the territory of the Russian Federation. The development of new vaccine preparations created on the basis of avirulent strains of Yersinia pestis with specific genetic defects, can play a crucial importance in the issues of plague immunoprophylaxis.

Aim. Determination and comparative analysis of the genomic organization of avirulent strains Y. pestis I-1, Y. pestis I-3536 and vaccine strain Y. pestis EV line NIIEG.

Materials and methods. The features of the genetic structure of three Y. pestis strains were studied using plasmid screening and whole genome sequencing.

Results and discussion. It was found that the Y. pestis I-1 and Y. pestis I-3536 strains, like Y. pestis EV, lack the chromosomal pgm region. Analysis the genome sequence of Y. pestis I-1 showed that this strain is devoid of the plasmid pMT1, while its individual genes were found in the chromosome structure and the unique 340 kb plasmid. It was revealed that the Y. pestis strain I-3536 lost the plasmid pCD1, however, fragments homologous to this plasmid were found in the structure of its genome.

Conclusion. The data obtained allow us to recommend Y. pestis I-1 and Y. pestis I-3536 as the basis for the development of a modern live attenuated plague vaccine.
Activation of T-helper in vitro under the Influence of Yersinia pestis Antigens in People Vaccinated against the Plague
Authors: Kozhevnikov V. A. , Kravtsov A. L. , Kudryavtseva O. M. , Kashtanova T. N. , Bugorkova S. A.
Published: November 2022

Relevance. The search for informative markers for assessing the immunological efficacy of a live plague vaccine remains an urgent scientific task. The goal of the study

Aims was to make a comparative assessment of the level helper T-cells activation by CD69 and HLA-DR markers, in people, vaccinated against plague, in an in vitro test, using the disintegrated by ultrasonic Y. pestis cells, grown at temperature 28 °C as a specific stimulator.

Materials & Methods. A cytofluorimetric analysis of blood samples of 45 individuals vaccinated against the plague was carried out. The dependence of the result of cytological analysis of the two studied cell markers on the immunoregulatory index (IRI) of the vaccinated donor at the time of vaccination was revealed.

Results. It was found that for newly vaccinated individuals, the T-helpers were more intensive and prolonged by the early activation marker, while for those revaccinated with the immunoregulatory index, at the time of vaccination more than 1.5, the more intense cellular response was by the late activation marker.

Conclusions. Thus, the possibility of quantitative evaluation of the immunological efficacy of vaccination against plague, based on the identification of lymphocyte activation markers when stimulated with a specific antigen, is confirmed.
Cost-Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Vaccination among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rudakova A. V. , Briko N. I. , Lobzin Yu. V. , Namazova-Baranova I. S. , Avdeev S. N. , Korshunov V. A. , Kostinov M. P. , Ignatova G. I. , Blinova E. V. , Kontsevaya A. V. , Shepel R. V. , Drozdova I. Yu. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: November 2022

Relevance. Patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of developing various infections, including those of the lower respiratory tract. Immunization with anti-pneumococcal vaccines reduces pneumonia-related hospitalizations and deaths.

Aim. Evaluate the cost-effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal infection in 40and 65-year-old patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).

Material and methods. The analysis was carried out from the perspective of the healthcare system. The Markov model based on Russian epidemiological data, taking into account the results of foreign studies, was used. Vaccination schedules with 1 dose of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) followed by 1 dose of pneumococcal 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) and vaccination with only 1 dose of PCV13 were evaluated. The time horizon of the study is 5 years. Costs and life expectancy were discounted by 3.5% per year.

Results. Vaccination of 65-year-old patients with type 2 diabetes is characterized by extremely high cost-effectiveness (the incremental cost effectiveness ratio – ICER – for PCV13+PPV23 vaccination is 189.27 thousand rubles/QALY, and PCV13 vaccination entails a cost reduction of 371.92 rubles per 1 vaccinated). When vaccinating 40-year-old patients, the ICER for PCV13 + PPV23 vaccination is 491.31 thousand rubles/QALY, and for PCV13 – 55.31 thousand rubles/QALY.

Conclusion. Vaccination against pneumococcal disease in 40and 65-year-old patients with DM2 reduces the associated morbidity and mortality and is highly cost-effective. Compared to PCV13 vaccination alone, vaccination with PCV13 followed by the introduction of PPV23 provides an increase in the number of prevented cases of the disease and the deaths caused by it, but at the same time requires additional costs.
The Reality and Prospects of Pneumococcal Vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Orlova E. A. , Dorfman I. P. , Shatalova O. V. , Orlov M. A. , Mamina R. M. , Mochalova N. N.
Published: November 2022

Relevance. Pneumococcal infection (PI) is one of the leading causes of disability and death of older people worldwide. In the Astrakhan region, as in other regions of the Russian Federation, there is a low coverage of pneumococcal vaccination (PV) and amounts to 1.3% of the adult population. This study reflects the regional problem of PV, an evaluation of its effectiveness in reducing exacerbations and the development of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in patients with COPD. The impact of pneumococcal infection (PI) in the development of pneumonia turned out in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic so far to be the most significant.

Aim of this work was to evaluate the level of doctor’s awareness in the issues of pneumococcal vaccination, as well as the results of its implementation in patients with COPD during COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the form of a survey in the period from October 2021 to February 2022. A survey was conducted through a questionnaire poll in polyclinics and pulmonology departments of multidisciplinary hospitals in Astrakhan. A total of 201 doctors and 173 patients suffering from COPD participated in the study. The doctors' responses were compared with the results of the survey conducted in 2018.

Results. This study shows that 26% of the surveyed patients with COPD were vaccinated with pneumococcal vaccine. Analysis of clinical effects after vaccination shows that exacerbations of COPD were absent during the year in 51.1% of vaccinated patients, and 35.2% in non-vaccinated group. The prevalence of CAP in vaccinated patients was 13.3% vs 32.4% in patients who did not receive vaccination.

Conclusion. This study showed a significant level of clinical efficacy of PV, characterized by a reduced incidence of COPD exacerbations and the development of VP in vaccinated patients, as well as a lower number of hospitalizations. Vaccinated patients reported mild severity of coronavirus infection, which determines the high prospects for further PV research as one of the important measures to counteract the COVID-19 pandemic. The problem of awareness in specialists about pneumococcal vaccination requires further improvement of educational programs on the relevant topic in the framework of continuing medical education.
Evaluation of Seasonal Inactivated Influenza Vaccines Prophylactic Efficacy
Authors: Zhdanov K. V. , Kasyanenko K. , Mal'cev O. V. , L'vov N. I. , Lioznov D. A. , Lapikov I. I. , Ivanov K. S.
Published: November 2022

Relevance. Seasonal flu vaccination is still the most effective way to protect against flu viruses and help to reduce the burden of flu illnesses. Another possible benefit is the impact of yearly vaccines on severity of breakthrough infection. In this regard, the issue of choosing safe vaccine with high immunogenicity becomes relevant.

Aims. To evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of inactivated seasonal flu vaccines (quadrivalent subunit vaccine with adjuvant and trivalent vaccine) and reactogenicity of quadrivalent vaccine.

Materials and methods. 491 cases were included in our study: 152 cases received adjuvanted quadrivalent subunit flu vaccine «Grippol Quadrivalent», 118 cases received trivalent inactivated flu vaccine and 221 cases who have received no vaccinations during 2018–2019 epidemic season.

Results. inactivated vaccines showed high prophylactic efficacy in preventing seasonal influenza. Incidence of influenza and other viral respiratory disease cases was lowest in «Grippol Quadrivalent» group. Breakthrough influenza cases in individuals vaccinated with inactivated vaccine were predominantly mild, no severe cases were reported. The early post-vaccination period in «Grippol Quadrivalent» group showed no variation in adverse events with other vaccines.

Conclusion. Adjuvanted quadrivalent subunit flu vaccine was the most efficacious in preventing influenza in 2018–2019 epidemic season.
Epidemic Outbreak of COVID-19 in Foreign Closed Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: Akimkin V. G. , Davydova N. G. , Ugleva S. V. , Ponezheva Zh. B. , Shabalina S. V.
Published: November 2022

Objective. Of particular interest is the incidence of COVID-19 in closed groups, in institutions, in particular, in nursing homes, geriatric centers, veterans' homes and neuropsychiatric boarding schools.

Methods. Analysis and description of COVID-19 foci in closed long-term care facilities was carried out using literature sources from the MEDLINE medical information database using the PubMed electronic search engine, using the search query CARE HOME OR NURSING HOME OR LONG-TERM CARE FACILITY AND COVID-19 AND OUTBREAK. The share of sick people as a percentage of the total number of residents and individual employees was considered only in those publications that described the outbreak of COVID-19 in a single institution. The absence of data on the number of hospitalizations and deaths, symptoms, and data on the time frame of the outbreak was not an exclusion criterion, but their presence was taken into account in the analysis. We selected mainly publications where people with a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 RNA were considered to be ill with COVID-19. However, it is worth considering that the authors describe outbreaks during the first rise in the incidence of COVID-19 in the world, when there was a shortage of test systems for a new coronavirus infection.

Results. An overview of the incidence of COVID-19 in the world in closed long-term care institutions is presented. It has been shown that residents of closed communities are elderly people with many concomitant diseases, in connection with which a severe course of COVID-19 and high mortality are often noted.

Conclusion. Convictions about the need to strengthen the quality of anti-epidemic measures in closed long-term care institutions, which are at risk, are summarized.
Clinical and Epidemiological Features of COVID-19 in Children in Moscow in 2020–2022
Authors: Samitova E. R.
Published: November 2022

Relevance. COVID-19 pandemic predetermines the relevance of the analysis of clinical and epidemiological peculiarities in different periods of morbidity growth in the pediatric population.

Aim. To identify clinical and epidemiological features of the course of COVID19 in Moscow among children (2020–2022).

Materials and Methods. The retrospective clinical and epidemiological analysis of the incidence of COVID-19 among children in Moscow over a two-year period (March 9, 2020 to March 30, 2022) was performed. We used data from case histories of 3092 children diagnosed with U07.1, hospitalized in infectious diseases departments for children with COVID-19 at Bashlyaeva Children's Clinical Hospital of Moscow and materials from Rospotrebnadzor report No 970 «Information about cases of infectious diseases in persons with suspected new coronavirus infection», information portal Stopcoronavirus.rf and others. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Results. Five upsurges of morbidity differing by clinical and epidemiological manifestations of the course of COVID-19 were distinguished. In the first period of morbidity rise (March–June, 2020) the age groups 7–14 and 14–17 years prevailed, in the fifth period (January 2022–March 2022) infants and young children prevailed. The most frequent severe and critical forms of COVID-19 were registered in the genovariate delta due to lung lesions, less frequently in the omicron strain. Comorbid pathology in children during all periods of the pandemic was a risk factor for severe course and unfavorable outcome of the disease. In general, the number of children hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU) decreased: 3.7%. 4,7%, 4,7%, 3,3%, 3,2%. Administration of viral neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 to children at risk for severe disease during the fourth and fifth waves of COVID-19 reduced the number of children hospitalized in the ICU, despite the high morbidity rise than in the previous waves of COVID-19.

Conclusion. Each of the five identified COVID-19 morbidity bursts among children had its own features. The proportion of severe infection among hospitalized children was 3.7%, 4.7%, 4.7%, 4.7%, 3.3%, 3.3% according to the waves of morbidity rise. During the first two waves of COVID-19, the disease occurred as acute respiratory infections (80%). In the second wave, the proportion of children hospitalized in the ICU with a multisystem inflammatory syndrome reached 57.6%. In the third wave of COVID-19 there was an increase in the number of cases of bilateral viral pneumonia (34.8%), severe forms of pneumonia (CT-3-4) in children with comorbid diseases. In the fourth period the structure of hospitalized children in the ORIT was 72.3% of children from the risk group. During the fifth wave of COVID19, the number of infants and young children hospitalized increased (49%) in the early period of admission from the onset of the disease (44%).
La protection maternelle et infantile : un des leviers de première ligne dans la prévention, le repérage, voire la prise en charge des syndromes psychotraumatiques
Authors: Fèvre S.
Published: November 2022

Introduction : La Haute Autorité de santé (HAS) a publié une note de cadrage sur l’évaluation et la prise en charge des syndromes psychotraumatiques des enfants et des adultes. Cet écrit démontre l’enjeu majeur de santé publique pour lequel médecins libéraux, services de pédiatrie, de psychiatrie doivent être sensibilisés et impliqués. Bien que non cités par la HAS, les services de Protection maternelle et infantile (PMI), croisement du médical dans le champ de la périnatalité, du médicosocial et de la protection de l’enfance font partie de ces acteurs potentiels.

Objectifs : L’objectif principal de cette étude est d’explorer le rôle que peuvent prendre les professionnels de santé exerçant en PMI dans la prévention, le repérage et l’orientation des syndromes psychotraumatiques afin de dégager des pistes d’amélioration sur ces trois champs.

Méthode : Il s’agit d’une étude descriptive réalisée par voie numérique sur 164 professionnels de santé exerçant en PMI au Conseil départemental de l’Hérault.

Résultats : La quasi-totalité des professionnels de santé perçoit l’importance de la psychotraumatologie en PMI, la très grande majorité perçoit avoir un rôle, que ce soit en termes de prévention, de repérage et d’orientation, tout en estimant avoir un niveau de maîtrise insuffisant du sujet justifiant des actions de formation et une meilleure connaissance des réseaux de prise en charge.

Conclusion : Notre étude montre que la PMI représente bien un levier potentiel de première ligne dans la prévention, le repérage et l’orientation des syndromes psychotraumatiques à condition qu’elle soit outillée par de la formation et un réseau adapté.
Analisis Pengaruh Input Nilai Kalor Batubara Terhadap Kinerja Boiler Tipe CFB Pada PLTU PT. Antam Tbk
Authors: Tangko Jumadi , Klistafani Yiyin , Marten Esra
Published: November 2022

boiler is a closed vessel where the heat of combustion is transferred to the water until it forms hot steam or steam. The boiler used in the PT ANTAM PLTU is a CFB type, where the operator at the PLTU ANTAM Tbk performs heating value input to determine the amount of coal and combustion air used. The analysis of the effect of the input heating value is expected to be taken into consideration in knowing the effect of the heating value input which is different from the heating value of coal supplied to the furnace, which is viewed from the side of pressure and temperature, which affects the physical boiler, boiler work efficiency, heat losses in the boiler. and also boiler life time. From the results of research and analysis of efficiency calculations where there is the largest difference in the value of efficiency directly at 1.161935% at the start of operation and 1.20276% in March 2020 between calculations with GCV of coal and input of heating value. Meanwhile, the largest difference in efficiency was indirectly 0.085689% at the start of operation and 0.09224% in March 2020. Meanwhile, the largest difference in total heat losses at the beginning of operation was 0.09245% and in March 2020 was 0.69317%.Â
Rancang Bangun Prototipe Insenerator Untuk Sampah Rumah Sakit Dengan Teknologi Pengendalian Polusi Udara
Authors: Suryanto Suryanto , Mulyadi Musrady , Mustam Ummy Kalsum , Sapan Medi Adeyanto
Published: November 2022

Medical waste has become a major problem today in Indonesia because of the COVID-19 pandemic which has resulted in many hospitals being full of patients, resulting in an increase in medical waste. Handling of waste that is carried out is still not appropriate so that waste accumulates in garbage collection sites and in final disposal sites. As a result, the waste becomes a means of germs, bacteria, and animals that can spread disease to the surrounding environment. One way that is often used is to burn waste to reduce its volume. The incinerator is a modern means of burning waste by using a combustion system up to a temperature of 1000Â°C and can reduce the volume of waste by up to 90%. The research method used in making the design of the incinerator is starting from the design of the combustion chamber, the manufacturing and assembly stages, until testing is carried out on the tool. The test results from the incinerator can accommodate as much as 5kg to 10kg of waste with a combustion chamber volume of 0.165 m3. The highest temperature of the incinerator is at minute 15 with a temperature reaching 270.6Â°C, while the lowest temperature is at minute 150 with a temperature of 42.5Â°C.
ЮРИДИЧЕСКАЯ ЛЕКСИКА КАК РЕЗУЛЬТАТ ВЗАИМНЫХ КОНТАКТОВ ЯЗЫКОВ
Authors: Jawad Balqees Salman
Published: November 2022

المقالة : هي عبارة عن محاولة لتحليل المفردات القانونية بوصفها كنتيجة للاتصال المتبادل بين اللغات ولتسمية الخصائص الأساسية لها. تسمح حالة الاقتراض بالمصطلحات كوحدات مرتبطة بعملية الاتصال والتواصل بين اللغات بتحديد الاقتراض في المصطلحات القانونية كمصطلح أو بلغة أجنبية ، يتم نقله من لغة إلى أخرى نتيجة للتفاعل اللغوي وجهات الاتصال اللغوية. علاوة على ذلك ، إذا كانت المصطلحات القانونية عبارة عن نظام فرعي خاص بلغة العلوم ، والتي تخضع للقوانين العامة الخاصة بلغة معينة ، فإن المصطلح القانوني هو التسمية الشفهية لمفاهيم الدولة والمفاهيم القانونية والتي بمساعدتها يم التعبير عن محتوى اللوائح القانونية للدولة يتم التعبير عنها وثابتة. الخصائص الرئيسية للمصطلح القانوني هي: ارتباطه بالمفهوم؛ الدقة الدلالية، والتي تنطوي على وضوح وتماسك المعنى؛ شخصية اسمية الغموض، وهو ما يفسر ارتباطه بمفهوم علمي محدد.
Signboards prohibiting tobacco sale within 100 yards of educational institutes: The appraisal of prohibition compliance and on-ground status of the COTPA Act, 2003 in Chanakyapuri Division of New Delhi Revenue District, the administrative precinct of India.
Authors: Singh Raja
Published: November 2022

Cigarette smoking and use of tobacco poses threat to the health of young adults and adolescents. Availability of tobacco vendors near educational institutes means higher availability to vulnerable population.  The Indian Government has enacted the Cigarettes and other Tobacco products (prohibition of advertisement and regulation of trade and commerce, production, supply and distribution) Act, 2003 or the COTPA Act, 2003 under a WHO resolution, which has further rules notified. Two important rules are prohibiting sale of tobacco products within 100 yards of educational institutes and installing a signboard stating prohibition to sell the same. Compliance of this was checked in 62 educational institutions in the administrative centre of India's capital, New Delhi. The compliance of both the points, especially something easy as installations of boards is poor and less than half of the institutions had implemented. Tobacco sellers within 100 yards were present. Beyond 100 yards, but within reach was also where tobacco sellers were present.  To save young adults, the compliance of COTPA, 2003 must be made strict and offenders punished severely.
ANALISIS KESULITAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL CERITA PADA MATERI STATISTIKA
Authors: Kraeng Yosef Fredrik
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita pada materi statistika berdasarkan tahap pemecahan masalah Polya. Subjek penelitian ini sebanyak 23 siswa kelas VIII salah satu SMP Negeri di Bululawang. Data dikumpulkan dengan tes tulis dan pedoman wawancara semiterstruktur. Tes untuk menjaring kesulitan penyelesaian soal, sedangkan wawancara menggali secara mendalam kesulitan siswa. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam  (1) memahami makna kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan masalah dan mengubah soal cerita menjadi kalimat matematika; (2) menentukan hubungan antara unsur yang diketahui dan ditanya; (3) kesulitan dalam mengimplementasikan unsur diketahui dan ditanya ke dalam rumus; (4) membuat kesimpulan.

Kata kunci: Analisis Kesulitan, Soal Cerita, Statistika
PROFIL KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA SISWA SMP BERDASARKAN FRAMEWORK POLYA
Authors: Sa'diyah Laela Karim , Istiandaru Afit
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan profil kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa berdasarkan framework Polya dan mengetahui penyebab kegagalan pada tahapan pemecahan masalah tersebut. Penelitian kualitatif ini melibatkan 33 siswa kelas VII-F SMP Negeri 15 Yogyakarta sebagai subjek yang dipilih secara purposif. Data dikumpulkan dengan memberikan tes uraian dan wawancara. Selanjutnya, data dianalisis dengan teknik triangulasi metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa menunjukkan performa pemecahan masalah paling baik di soal nomor 2 tentang persamaan linear sati variabel pada urutan bilangan bulat, yaitu dengan persentase siswa yang mampu memecahkan masalah berdasarkan tahapan Polya berturut-turut: memahami masalah (86,96%), membuat rencana pemecahan masalah (73,91%), melaksanakan rencana (65,22%), dan memeriksa hasil (17,39%). Namun, performa siswa kurang memuaskan pada soal nomor 4 tentang persamaan linear satu variabel pada gerak lurus beraturan, yaitu persentase siswa mampu memahami masalah (86,61%) dan tidak ada satupun siswa yang mampu membuat rencana, melaksanakan rencana, maupun memeriksa hasil. Soal ini ditindaklanjuti dengan mendalami penyebab kegagalan tahapan Polya, yaitu ketidaktahuan rumus, kebingungan strategi pemecahan masalah, dan tidak terbiasanya siswa memeriksa hasil pemecahan masalah.
IMPLEMENTASI PROJECT BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENGEKSPLORASI KEMAMPUAN COMPUTATIONAL THINKING MAHASISWA
Authors: Azmi Rizal Dian , Ummah Siti Khoiruli
Published: November 2022

Computational Thinking (CT) or Computational Thinking is indispensable in mathematics. Programming Language courses are expected to facilitate and develop students' CT skills. The Project Base Learning (PjBL) learning model is used to see students' CT abilities. The project carried out in this PjBL learning is the making of learning media using Matlab. The media produced by the students has met the aspects of fluency in use, script accuracy, and flowchart logic. Students' CT abilities are in good category from the aspects of abstraction, logarithmic thinking, debugging / evaluation, and generalization because they have met the percentage of achievement of 82%.
PROSES BERPIKIR SISWA SMP DALAM PEMECAHAN MASALAH TABUNG BERDASARKAN LANGKAH PEMECAHAN POLYA
Authors: Abidin Zainal
Published: November 2022

Abstrak

Dengan diketahuinya proses berpikir siswa dalam memecahkan masalah, guru dapat merancang dan menerapkan proses berpikir tersebut pada siswa lain yang masih belum dapat belajar secara optimal baik dalam memecahkan masalah maupun dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah: (1) Untuk mengetahui proses berpikir siswa SMP dalam memecahkan masalah tabung berdasarkan langkah polya, (2) Untuk mengetahui kesulitan siswa SMP dalam menyelesaikan masalah tabung berdasarkan langkah polya. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX-3 SMPN 2 Banda Aceh, yang berkemampuan tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Data diperoleh berdasarkan hasil wawancara mendalam berbasis soal pemecahan masalah. Penelitian merupakan penelitian kualitatif eksploratif yang betujuan untuk menggali semua informasi dari subjek untuk menjawab semua permasalahan yang diajukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Proses berpikir siswa dalam memecahkan masalah tabung berdasarkan langkah pemecahan Polya yaitu secara asimilasi digunakan oleh siswa berkemampuan tinggi sedangkan siswa yang berkemampuan sedang dan rendah, proses proses berpikir yang digunakan adalah secara asimilasi dan akomodasi dalam memecahkan masalah yang diberikan. (2) Kesulitan-kesulitan yang dialami siswa dalam memecahkan masalah meliputi; Siswa belum memahami dengan baik konsep Volume Tabung, siswa ragu-ragu mengatakan rumus Volume Tabung, siswa kurang teliti dalam memecahkan masalah yang diberikan..

Kata kunci: Proses Berpikir, Asimilasi, akomodasi, Langkah Pemecahan POLYA

Abstract

With knowing students' thinking process in solving problems, the teacher can design and apply the thinking process from a student to other students who are still unable to learn optimally both in solving problems and learning process in the classroom. This study objectives were: (1) To see the thinking process of junior high school students in solving tube problems based on Polya steps, (2) To see the difficulties of junior high school students in solving tube problems based on Polya steps. Subjects in this study were students of class IX-3 SMPN 2 Banda Aceh, who have high, medium, and low abilities. Data obtained from  in-depth interviews based on solving problems. Exploratory qualitative research that aims to take all information from the subject to answer all the problems posed. The results showed that: (1) The thinking process of students in solving tube problems was based on the management steps of Polya by means of assimilation used by high-ability students, while students with medium and low abilities, the thinking process was used assimilation and accommodation in solving the given problems. (2) The difficulties that make students solve problems including; Students didn’t understand well the concept of tube volume, students hesitated to say the formula for tube volume, students were less careful in solving the problems given.

Keywords: Thinking Process, Assimilation, Accommodation, Problems Based on Polya Steps.
ANALISIS KETERPAKAIAN KURIKULUM PRODI PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA FTIK IAIN LANGSA PADA DUNIA KERJA ALUMNI
Authors: Zaiyar M. , Faisal Faisal
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesesuaian dan menganalisis kekurangan kurikulum yang sedang berlaku pada Prodi Pendidikan Matematika FTIK IAIN Langsa dengan tuntutan stakeholder. Rancangan penelitian adalah rancangan survey dengan pedekatan kuantitatif. Adapun populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah alumni Prodi Pendidikan Matematika FTIK IAIN Langsa di beberapa kabupaten kota yaitu Kota Langsa, Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang, Kabupaten Aceh Timur, serta beberapa kabupaten di provinsi Sumatera Utara dan Riau. Sampel merupakan mahasiswa yang memiliki akses internet karena pengumpulan data menggunakan link google form. Pemilihan Kabupaten tersebut, didasarkan pada banyaknya alumni Pendidikan Matematika yang sudah bekerja maupun kemudahan menjangkau daerah-daerah tersebut. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket yang terdiri dari 18 item pernyataan. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kurikulum prodi Pendidikan Matematika sudah sesuai kebutuhan stakeholder dalam dunia kerja, dan terdapat beberapa matakuliah yang perlu dilakukan perubahan sesuai dengan tuntutan stakeholder yakni mata kuliah pilihan khusus untuk matematika sekolah, matematika peminatan, matematika perguruan tinggi (pascasarjana) dan lainnya untuk mempersiapkan alumni untuk berkiprah sesuai keinginannya. Dengan demikian perlu peninjauan mata kuliah pilihan seperti Pemecahan Masalah dan Pemodelan Matematika serta pengembangan beberapa mata kuliah seperti Metode Numerik yang sesuai dengan tuntutan di lapangan.

 Kata Kunci: Analisis Kurikulum, Prodi Pendidikan Matematika, dan Dunia Kerja Alumni
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN REPRESENTASI MATEMATIS SISWA MELALUI PENERAPAN STRATEGI SCAFFOLDING
Authors: Susanti Susanti , Abidin Zainal , Mauliza Rina
Published: November 2022

This descriptive qualitative research aims to describe the mathematical representation abilities of students through the application of the scaffolding strategy. The subjects of this study were 2 students with low representation abilities and 2 students with moderate representation abilities in class VIII-4 of SMP Negeri 6 Banda Aceh. The data was collected by means of a mathematical representation ability test sheet, interviews, and a recording device. Then data analysis by reducing data, presenting data, triangulating time, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that subjects with low representation skills tended to perform visual representations, but after scaffolding they were able to use visual representations independently and verbal representations by checking several times. Meanwhile, subjects with moderate representation ability tend to perform visual and verbal representations with multiple checks and symbolic representations with several interventions, after scaffolding they are able to use visual and verbal representations independently, even though symbolic representations still require several interventions. This shows that the students' representation ability gets better after being given a scaffolding strategy.
MENDESAIN TES LITERASI MATEMATIS MENGGUNAKAN SOAL PISA-LIKE KONTEKS KULTUR LOKAL
Authors: Gradini Ega , Firmansyah B  , Edy Saputra
Published: November 2022

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk (1)membahas masalah matematika berkonteks budaya lokal yang digunakan dalam tes literasi matematis, dan (2) menentukan validitas, reliabilitas, dan indeks kesukaran soal tes. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (R&D). Model pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini model pengembangan Plomp. Model Plomp terdiri dari fase (1)investigasi awal, (2)fase desain, (3)fase realisasi/konstruksi, dan (4)fase tes, evaluasi, revisi dan (5) fase implementasi. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes literasi matematis berbentuk PISA-like dengan konteks multikultur lokal berjumlah 6 soal sesuai dengan level literasi matematis yang ditetapkan PISA. Tes diujicobakan pada 34 siswa MA Negeri 1 Takengon. Data hasil tes literasi matematis lalu dihitung validitas isi, reliabilitas, dan indeks kesukaran soal. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa: (1)skor validitas RVI = 77,3% (Validitas Tinggi) dan Reliabilitas R = 87,2% (Reliabilitas Tinggi) yang menunjukkan bahwa tes yang didesain valid dan reliabel; (2)masalah 1 valid dengan nilai koefisien korelasi r = 0,70 (sangat tinggi) dan tingkat kesukaran soal adalah 0,89 (mudah); (3)Masalah 2 valid dengan nilai koefisien korelasi r = 0,82 (sangat tinggi) dan tingkat kesukaran soal 0,78 (mudah); (4)Masalah 3 memiliki koefisien korelasi r = 0,74 (tinggi) dan tingkat kesukaran soal 0.67 (sedang), (5)Masalah 4 valid dengan nilai koefisien korelasi r = 0,74 (tinggi) dan tingkat kesukaran soal 0,61 (sedang), (6)Masalah 5 valid dengan nilai koefisien korelasi r = 0,76 (tinggi) dan tingkat kesukaran soal 0,32 (sulit), dan (7)Masalah 6 valid dengan nilai koefisien korelasi r = 0,81 (sangat tinggi) dan tingkat kesukaran soal 0,30 (sulit).
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Siswa Berbasis Think-Talk-Write pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika
Authors: Safriadi Safriadi , Mania Sitti , Nur Fitriani , Angriani Andi Dian , Tahir M. Yusuf
Published: November 2022

This study aims to produce mathematics worksheets for high school students that are in accordance with the characteristics of students and meet valid and practical criteria. This worksheet is expected to be used as one of the learning media for students to develop their special abilities in mathematics. This research is a research and development using the Instructional Development Model (MPI). The product developed in this study is a Think Talk Write (TTW)-based math worksheet. The data collection instrument used is a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is the data analyzed using data analysis techniques of validity and practicality. The results showed that the TTW-based math worksheets that met the criteria were valid and practical. So it is recommended for further research in order to continue by reviewing its effectiveness in improving students' mathematical problem solving abilities.
Deskripsi Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Peserta Didik dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Berkaitan dengan Konsep Pecahan
Authors: Hazuar Hazuar , Ramadhani Novika
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik dalam menyelesaikan soal berkaitan dengan konsep pecahan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan ialah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan sampel dalam penelitian yang berjumlah 7 peserta didik. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes dan wawancara. Hasil analisis deskriptif data penelitian, diperoleh bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik  secara umum berada pada kriteria baik dengan rata-rata nilai 71, dengan frekuensi 4 peserta didik yang mendapatkan nilai dengan kriteria sangat baik, 1 peserta didik dengan kriteria baik, 2 peserta didik dengan kriteria kurang sekali serta pada kriteria cukup dan kurang tidak ada. Hasil analisis data juga menunjukkan bahwa indikator pemecahan masalah yang dominan adalah indikator 2, dimana indikator ini merupakan indikator tertinggi yang dicapai peserta didik dalam pemecahan masalah matematika yang berkaitan dengan konsep pecahan.
Profil HOTS Mahasiswa dalam Memecahkan Masalah Geometri Analitik Ditinjau dari Tingkat Berpikir Van Hiele
Authors: Hermalia Putri Friska , Eyus Sudihartinih
Published: November 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh deskripsi profil HOTS mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah geometri analitik ditinjau dari tingkat berpikir geometri van Hiele. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Instrumen penelitian berupa wawancara, dokumentasi, dan tes yang dilakukan sebanyak dua kali yaitu tes kemampuan van Hiele dan tes kemampuan penyelesaian masalah persamaan garis. Penelitian ini melalui tiga tahapan yaitu tahap persiapan, tahap pelaksanaan, dan tahap analisis dan penyimpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kemampuan penyelesaian masalah dan kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan masalah geometri yang dialami partisipan berbeda-beda dalam setiap tingkatan berpikir geometri yang mereka capai. Kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan masalah persamaan garis yang dialami partisipan dengan tingkat berpikir geometri rendah lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan kesulitan yang dialami partisipan dengan tingkat berpikir geometri yang lebih tinggi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat berpikir geometri yang dicapai partisipan merupakan indikator yang baik untuk menunjukkan keterampilan mereka dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan matematika secara umum dan geometri pada khususnya.
The Practically Level of Students’ Worksheets on Parabolic Materials Based on Guided Discovery
Authors: Iltavia Iltavia , Yurnalis Yurnalis , Rahmi Fathur
Published: November 2022

The global Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in a change in the way people learn. Face-to-face learning is transformed into daring learning with the use of the internet network. One option that is facilitated by learning and that may be learned at any moment is presented. The researcher created a student worksheet that students would evaluate to see how practical it was. The Mc Kenny development research model is used in this study. The participants in this study were third-semester Mathematics Education Study Program students from IAIN Bukittinggi. After using the designed teaching materials, two experts and students evaluated the product's practicality. The results showed that the instructional materials provided met the practical criteria with a percentage of 79.17 based on the evaluation of two experts and 83 percent based on a student questionnaire. The study's result is that the generated teaching materials have been deemed useful by both experts and students.
Hubungan Kemandirian Belajar dan Disiplin Belajar terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa
Authors: Maulana Fariz , Pujiastuti Heni
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara kemandirian belajar dan disiplin belajar terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Pendidikan merupakan suatu hal yang penting dalam kehidupan. Termasuk dalam hal pembelajaran matematika. Dalam pembelajaran sangat ditentukan oleh karakteristik siswa. karakteristik setiap siswa berbeda baik tentang belajar mandiri maupun disiplin. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang dirancang dengan populasi penelitian yaitu siswa kelas XI SMKN 2 Kabupaten Tangerang. Cluster random sampling digunakan untuk pengambilan sampel. Digunakan satu kelas sebagai sampel untuk mengumpulkan data survei siswa dan hasil ulangan harian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, terdapat hubungan antara kemandirian dan disiplin siswa terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa.
Merancang Model Pembelajaran Matematika Kontekstual Islami Berbasis Literasi
Authors: Imamuddin M.
Published: November 2022

Pendekatan Pembelajaran CTL merupakan pembelajaran yang menyajikan konteks/masalah sehari-haris siswa dalam pembelajaran. Pembelajaran yang demikian ini memotivasi siswa untuk belajar sehingga mampu meningkatkan kemampuan belajar siswa. Penggunaan konteks dalam pembalajaran di sekolah juga harus mampu menunjang tercapainya dari visi-misi sekolah/madarasah. Bagi siswa madrasah/sekolah Islam/sekolah yang mempunyai visi-misi Islami maka pembelajaran CTL yang dilaksanakan harus menggunakan konteks Islami dalam pembelajaran. Selain itu, pembelajaran CTL yang dilaksakan oleh madrasah/sekolah harus mampu meningkatkan kemampuan lietarasi matemtika siswa. Untuk itu, perlu dan sangat penting dirancang suatu model pembelajaran yang mampu menyajikan kontek-kontek Islami dan meningkatkan kemampuan letarasi matematika siswa. Konteks-konteks Islami ini dalam pembelajaran digunakan sebagai starting point. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk merancang suatu model pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan kontekstual Islami sebagai starting point dan berbasis literasi. Penelitian ini termasuk pada penelitian studi pustaka. Pengumpulan data/informasi dikumpulkan dari berbagai referensi baik yang berupa buku ataupun artikel (offline/online). Informasi atau data oleh peneliti dikutip, dianalisis dan selanjutnya dideskripsikan sehingga berbentuk laporan penelitian yang baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang sudah dilakukan, diperoleh rancangan model pembelajaran matematika kontekstual Islami berbasis literasi (Model PMKIL). Model PMKIL ini, memiliki langkah-langkah dalam pelaksanaannya (sintak). Sintak pembelajaran pada Model PMKIL sebagai berikut: Orentasi (Orientation), Pemberian Masalah Dalam Konteks Islami (Giving Islamic Context Problems), Aktivitas Literasi Matematika (Mathematical Literacy Aktivities), Belajar dalam kelompok (Study in Groups), Diskusi Kelas (Classroom Discussion), Refleksi (Reflection), dan Evaluasi dan menutup pelajaran (Evaluation and close). Model PMKIL ini mampu menunjang dan memperkuat nilai-nilai Islami pada diri siswa.