bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety and Efficacy of Durvalumab and Tremelimumab Alone or in Combination in Patients with Advanced Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kelly Ronan J. , Lee Jeeyun , Bang Yung-Jue , Almhanna Khaldoun , Blum-Murphy Mariela , Catenacci Daniel V.T. , Chung Hyun Cheol , Wainberg Zev A. , Gibson Michael K. , Lee Keun-Wook , Bendell Johanna C. , Denlinger Crystal S. , Chee Cheng Ean , Omori Takeshi , Leidner Rom , Lenz Heinz-Josef , Chao Yee , Rebelatto Marlon C. , Brohawn Philip Z. , He Peng , McDevitt Jennifer , Sheth Siddharth , Englert Judson M. , Ku Geoffrey Y.
Published: November 2019

Purpose:

This randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase Ib/II study assessed durvalumab and tremelimumab in combination or as monotherapy for chemotherapy-refractory gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer.

Patients and Methods:

Second-line patients were randomized 2:2:1 to receive durvalumab plus tremelimumab (arm A), or durvalumab (arm B) or tremelimumab monotherapy (arm C), and third-line patients received durvalumab plus tremelimumab (arm D). A tumor-based IFNγ gene signature was prospectively evaluated as a potential predictive biomarker in second- and third-line patients receiving the combination (arm E). The coprimary endpoints were objective response rate and progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 6 months.

Results:

A total of 113 patients were treated: 6 in phase Ib and 107 (arm A, 27; arm B, 24; arm C, 12; arm D, 25; arm E, 19) in phase II. Overall response rates were 7.4%, 0%, 8.3%, 4.0%, and 15.8% in the five arms, respectively. PFS rates at 6 months were 6.1%, 0%, 20%, 15%, and 0%, and 12-month overall survival rates were 37.0%, 4.6%, 22.9%, 38.8%, and NA, respectively. Treatment-related grade 3/4 adverse events were reported in 17%, 4%, 42%, 16%, and 11% of patients, respectively.

Conclusions:

Response rates were low regardless of monotherapy or combination strategies. No new safety signals were identified. Including use of a tumor-based IFNγ signature and change in baseline and on-treatment circulating tumor DNA are clinically feasible and may be novel strategies to improve treatment response in this difficult-to-treat population.
ATM Dysfunction in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma and Associated Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Armstrong Samantha A. , Schultz Christopher W. , Azimi-Sadjadi Ariana , Brody Jonathan R. , Pishvaian Michael J.
Published: November 2019

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal solid malignancies with very few therapeutic options to treat advanced or metastatic disease. The utilization of genomic sequencing has identified therapeutically relevant alterations in approximately 25% of PDAC patients, most notably in the DNA damage response and repair (DDR) genes, rendering cancer cells more sensitive to DNA-damaging agents and to DNA damage response inhibitors, such as PARP inhibitors. ATM is one of the most commonly mutated DDR genes, with somatic mutations identified in 2% to 18% of PDACs and germline mutations identified in 1% to 34% of PDACs. ATM plays a complex role as a cell-cycle checkpoint kinase, regulator of a wide array of downstream proteins, and responder to DNA damage for genome stability. The disruption of ATM signaling leads to downstream reliance on ATR and CHK1, among other DNA-repair mechanisms, which may enable exploiting the inhibition of downstream proteins as therapeutic targets in ATM-mutated PDACs. In this review, we detail the function of ATM, review the current data on ATM deficiency in PDAC, examine the therapeutic implications of ATM alterations, and explore the current clinical trials surrounding the ATM pathway.
An Emerging Regulatory Role for the Tumor Microenvironment in the DNA Damage Response to Double-Strand Breaks
Authors: Lama-Sherpa Tshering D. , Shevde Lalita A.
Published: November 2019

Radiation, alkylating agents, and platinum-based chemotherapy treatments eliminate cancer cells through the induction of excessive DNA damage. The resultant DNA damage challenges the cancer cell's DNA repair capacity. Among the different types of DNA damage induced in cells, double-strand breaks (DSB) are the most lethal if left unrepaired. Unrepaired DSBs in tumor cells exacerbate existing gene deletions, chromosome losses and rearrangements, and aberrant features that characteristically enable tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Tumor microenvironmental factors like hypoxia, inflammation, cellular metabolism, and the immune system profoundly influence DSB repair mechanisms. Here, we put into context the role of the microenvironment in governing DSB repair mechanisms.
Androgen Receptor Interaction with Mediator Complex Is Enhanced in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer by CDK7 Phosphorylation of MED1
Authors: Russo Joshua W. , Nouri Mannan , Balk Steven P.
Published: November 2019

In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Rasool and colleagues show that TF11H/CDK7 phosphorylates the MED1 component of the Mediator complex, which enhances its interaction with androgen receptor (AR), and that this phosphorylation is increased in prostate cancer that is resistant to castration and enzalutamide. A covalent CDK7-specific inhibitor (THZ1) impairs AR-mediated MED1 recruitment to chromatin, and can suppress enzalutamide resistance in vitro and induce tumor regression in a castration-resistant prostate cancer xenograft model, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach for advanced prostate cancer.

See related article by Rasool et al., p. 1538.
Harnessing Natural Killer Cell Antitumor Immunity: From the Bench to Bedside
Authors: Woan Karrune V. , Miller Jeffrey S.
Published: November 2019

Natural killer (NK) cells are critical effector lymphocytes mediating tumor immune surveillance and clearance. They do so by direct tumor killing using cytolytic granules and death receptors, and by interfacing with and potentiating adaptive immune responses through the production of cytokines. From a therapeutic perspective, NK cells have been shown to exert graft-versus-leukemia activity in the context of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and are important in the clinical efficacy of antibodies. Advances in basic and translational NK cell biology have led to multiple potential strategies to augment their in vivo activity to improve antitumor responses. Despite their potent effects, NK cells have been shown to be safe for adoptive cell therapy in both the autologous and allogeneic settings, with promising, but so far limited, clinical efficacy. This review will provide an overview of strategies being pursued to improve NK cell activity and efficacy, focusing on cell source, NK cell activation, and in vivo persistence.
Primary Gastrointestinal Amyloidosis: An Unusual Cause of Acute Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction
Authors: Wetwittayakhlang Panu , Sripongpun Pimsiri , Jandee Sawangpong
Published: November 2019

Amyloidosis of the gastrointestinal tract is an uncommon disorder characterized by the extracellular deposition of an abnormal fibrillar protein. It is rarely proven by biopsy. Amyloid deposition interferes with organ structure and its function. We report a case of a 64-year-old male who presented with severe colicky pain, unable to pass feces, and progressive abdominal distension for 2 days. Physical examination revealed marked abdominal distension, visible peristalsis, high-pitched hyperactive bowel sounds, and generalized tenderness. Plain abdominal radiograph showed markedly diffuse disproportional dilatation of the small bowel with different heights of air-fluid levels in the same loop. Abdominal computed tomography showed an evidence of small bowel obstruction, which revealed no gross mass or cause of obstruction, but long segment narrowing of the terminal ileum was seen. Ileocolonoscopy showed diffuse edematous mucosa of the ileum without mechanical obstruction but loss of normal bowel peristalsis. A random biopsy of the ileum was performed for pathological diagnosis, which reported extensive deposits of amorphous material within the muscle layers and in the submucosal vessels that stained strongly with Congo red and displayed the typical apple-green birefringence of amyloid protein when viewed under plane polarized light. Serum electrophoretic tests disclosed a monoclonal band of IgG-kappa monoclonal protein. His clinical symptoms improved after receiving chemotherapy with melphalan and prednisolone. Our case illustrated the rare cause of acute intestinal obstruction which mimicked a surgical condition. Primary intestinal amyloidosis should be in a differential diagnosis in patients without a demonstrated cause of obstruction.
The Role of Telecytology in the Primary Diagnosis of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Specimens
Authors: Canberk Sule , Behzatoglu Kemal , Caliskan Can K. , Gelmez Serkan , Kayhan Kerem C. , Aydemir Selin F. , Akbas Meryem , Yıldız Isıl , Veiga Ricardo , Alrefae Nusaiba , Ince Umit , Schmitt Fernando C.
Published: November 2019

Introduction: The Acibadem Health Group (AHG) has been using telepathology/digital pathology stations since 2006. In 2013, the system was changed from videoconferencing to digital pathology (whole-slide imaging) utilizing 3DHISTECH scanners and software. In 2017, digital cytology started to be used for routine cytopathologic diagnosis for thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cases. Material and Methods: Two hundred and twenty-seven thyroid cases were received for analysis using telecytology (TC) during the period from November 2017 to May 2018. Rapid on-site evaluation was performed at the Atakent Hospital of the AHG by a cytotechnologist and scanned on the same day. For every case, there were Diff-Quik- and Papanicolaou-stained FNA smears. Each glass slide was digitized with a 3DHISTECH whole-slide scanner in 1 focal Z-plane at ×40 magnification. Results: Two hundred and twenty-seven thyroid FNA specimens were retrieved, of which 25 had histologic follow-up. Samples were classified as nondiagnostic in 3%, benign in 74%, atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance in 13%, suspicious for follicular neoplasia/follicular neoplasia in 3%, suspicious for malignancy in 4%, and malignant in 3%. When only the “suspicious for malignancy” and “malignancy” categories were considered positive tests, cytology sensitivity and specificity using TC for diagnosis was 100%. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that TC is suitable to provide a primary diagnosis in daily routine cytology practice. Despite the promising results, there were some challenges stemming from the novelty of using TC for the primary diagnosis. The study also addresses both advantages and disadvantages of TC in daily practice to increase the efficiency of the technique in primary diagnosis.
Moçambique Marítimo (séculos XIV - XXI)
Authors: Alpers Edward
Published: November 2019

Moçambique tem um dos litorais mais extensos da África. Para historiadores, os exemplos mais óbvios das conexões que ligam Moçambique ao oceano Índico são a exportação de ouro, marfim e escravos, nem como a importação de têxteis indianos. Sem minimizar a importância dessas conexões, este artigo chama a atenção para diversos outros elementos que contribuíram e continuam a desempenhar um papel nas relações entre Moçambique e o oceano Índico. O artigo explora a cultura marítima dos habitantes da costa moçambicana, incluindo esforços contemporâneos para proteger o meio ambiente e desenvolver a indústria da pesca, destacando aspectos mais mundanos do comércio entre Moçambique e seus parceiros comerciais através do Canal de Moçambique. Finalmente, discutem-se as conexões humanas emaranhadas em todas essas redes econômicas.
Escravidão, cidadania, recrutamento militar e liberdade:
Authors: Menegat Carla
Published: November 2019

Durante as décadas de 1840 a 1860 a relação do Império do Brasil com o Estado Oriental do Uruguai foi permeada pela presença de criadores de gado brasileiros no norte deste país e, mais precisamente, pela reprodução de um determinado modelo produtivo implantado por estes estancieiros. Durante a Guerra Grande, conflito civil que opôs colorados e blancos, houve duas declarações de abolição da escravidão: a dos colorados, em 1842, que atingiu mormente aqueles que estavam em Montevidéu; e a dos blancos, em 1846, que atingiu em cheio todos os que possuíam cativos na campanha, entre eles os brasileiros ao norte. O objetivo é demonstrar que, muito mais do que títulos, perceber-se como cidadão oriental ou como súdito do Império era encontrar abrigo às próprias aspirações à liberdade ou à posse escrava.
O século XIX e a invenção de uma cidade grega antiga
Authors: Moerbeck Guilherme
Published: November 2019

De Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges, La Cité Antique (A Cidade Antiga) figura entre os trabalhos mais relevantes da segunda metade do século XIX, cuja influência na historiografia francesa até 1930 foi singular, tendo ainda inspirado muitas reflexões na segunda metade do século XX. Este artigo propõe reavaliar a obra em questão à luz da crítica contemporânea, objetivando ampliar, especialmente junto à historiografia brasileira, os debates em torno de uma das obras que foi a base de muitas gerações de historiadores, arqueólogos e estudiosos das letras clássicas.
“Uma maneira de passarmos a conviver”
Authors: Trindade Catarina Casimiro
Published: November 2019

Neste artigo, apresento o xitiki, conhecido como uma prática endógena de poupança e crédito rotativo bastante comum na cidade de Maputo, Moçambique. De maneira a mostrar que esta é uma prática que vai além da sua característica econômica – bastante enfatizada em grande parte dos estudos existentes – descrevo de forma pormenorizada os encontros de um xitiki familiar, evidenciando os diferentes significados que as pessoas atribuem à prática e mostrando também como ele pode ser percebido como um meio de sociabilidade, em que é partilhada uma série de elementos que conectam os participantes uns aos outros, nomeadamente o dinheiro, os afetos, a comida, as relações de vizinhança, informações diversas, conselhos e desabafos.
Imaginação, História e Política
Authors: Marson Izabel Andrade
Published: November 2019

Acompanhando estudiosos da obra de Cervantes, pretendemos reconhecer como a história de D. Quixote de la Mancha constitui complexa “invenção-crítica” expressiva da cultura humanista espanhola dos séculos XVI e XVII. Demonstramos uma possível opinião do autor na polêmica travada entre “poetas” (escritores de ficção) e “cronistas” (historiadores) analisando as peripécias do narrador na busca por fontes e métodos que revelassem as aventuras do cavaleiro e de seu escudeiro na forma de uma “história moderna”. Ou seja, uma novela original, questionadora tanto das novelas de cavalaria quanto das crônicas oficiais.
Amazônia, Educação e Saúde na Política da Boa Vizinhança
Authors: Andrade Rômulo De Paula
Published: November 2019

Após a Segunda Guerra Mundial Alan Fisher produziu imagens com o objetivo de divulgar o trabalho do recém-criado Serviço Especial de Saúde Pública (Sesp). O fotógrafo era contratado do Office of Inter-American Affairs, agência criada para dinamizar a chamada política da boa vizinhança. Mais que a captura de paisagens amazônicas, as fotografias de Alan Fisher pretendiam retratar uma Amazônia moderna, na qual ciência e saúde – possibilitadas pela atuação dos médicos do Sesp – seriam os elementos fundamentais para superar a condição periférica em que a região se encontrava. Fisher também foi correspondente de guerra, cobrindo a atuação da Força Expedicionária Brasileira na Itália, e percorreu o interior do país colaborando com a exibição de filmes educativos que pretendiam ensinar melhores hábitos sanitários às populações.
Para além do Atlântico sul
Authors: Bohorquez J.
Published: November 2019

Este artigo visa apresentar uma análise dos fundamentos institucionais e financeiros do tráfico de cativos no porto do Rio de Janeiro durante as últimas décadas do século XVIII e primeiras do século XIX. A análise privilegia o estudo dos dilemas relacionados ao risco e à circulação de capitais que serviam de suporte ao comércio de viventes. Trata-se de uma perspectiva até agora pouco empregada pelos trabalhos que analisam o tráfico de escravos. O artigo foca as instituições mercantis nas quais os têxteis da Ásia eram colocados nos circuitos do comércio de humanos escravizados. Levantam-se críticas sobre problemas interpretativos do modelo bipolar e, além disso, chama-se a atenção para a necessidade de reavaliar o modelo segundo o qual teria prevalecido uma alta concentração na propriedade dos navios que circularam entre o porto e Áfricas sem considerar que as fontes fazem referência à consignação de navios e não à propriedade.
Colonato do Sábiè, 1956-1975
Authors: Filipe Eléusio Viegas
Published: November 2019

Este artigo examina a forma como se estruturou a economia colona na região do colonato do Sábiè entre 1956 e 1975. Mais especificamente, analisa os conflitos no acesso e uso da terra entre os colonos e as populações africanas locais, o recrutamento da mão de obra africana para as machambas (terras de cultivo) dos colonos, o acesso ao crédito agrário, a produção do algodão, os abalos sofridos pela economia camponesa e o colapso da economia colona um pouco antes e depois da independência de Moçambique.
ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Patients Without Standard Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors—How Common Are They, and What Are Their Outcomes?
Authors: Vernon Stephen T. , Coffey Sean , D'Souza Mario , Chow Clara K. , Kilian Jens , Hyun Karice , Shaw James A. , Adams Mark , Roberts‐Thomson Philip , Brieger David , Figtree Gemma A.
Published: November 2019

Background

Programs targeting the standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRFs: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking) are critical to tackling coronary heart disease at a community level. However, myocardial infarction in SMuRF‐less individuals is not uncommon. This study uses 2 sequential large, multicenter registries to examine the proportion and outcomes of SMuRF‐less ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.

Methods and Results

We identified 3081 STEMI patients without a prior history of cardiovascular disease in the Australian GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) and CONCORDANCE (Cooperative National Registry of Acute Coronary Syndrome Care) registries, encompassing 42 hospitals, between 1999 and 2017. We examined the proportion that were SMuRF‐less as well as outcomes. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality, and the secondary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (death, myocardial infarction, or heart failure, during the index admission). Multivariate regression models were used to identify predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events. Of STEMI patients without a prior history of cardiovascular disease 19% also had no history of SMuRFs. This proportion increased from 14% to 23% during the study period (
P
=0.0067). SMuRF‐less individuals had a higher in‐hospital mortality rate than individuals with 1 or more SMuRFs. There were no clinically significant differences in major adverse cardiovascular events at 6 months between the 2 groups.

Conclusions

A substantial and increasing proportion of STEMI presentations occur independently of SMuRFs. Discovery of new markers and mechanisms of disease beyond standard risk factors may facilitate novel preventative strategies. Studies to assess longer‐term outcomes of SMuRF‐less STEMI patients are warranted.
Unique, Persistent, Resolvable: Identifiers as the Foundation of FAIR
Authors: Juty Nick , Wimalaratne Sarala M. , Soiland-Reyes Stian , Kunze John , Goble Carole A. , Clark Tim
Published: November 2019

The FAIR principles describe characteristics intended to support access to and reuse of digital artifacts in the scientific research ecosystem. Persistent, globally unique identifiers, resolvable on the Web, and associated with a set of additional descriptive metadata, are foundational to FAIR data. Here we describe some basic principles and exemplars for their design, use and orchestration with other system elements to achieve FAIRness for digital research objects.
FAIR Data and Services in Biodiversity Science and Geoscience
Authors: Lannom Larry , Koureas Dimitris , Hardisty Alex R.
Published: November 2019

We examine the intersection of the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable), the challenges and opportunities presented by the aggregation of widely distributed and heterogeneous data about biological and geological specimens, and the use of the Digital Object Architecture (DOA) data model and components as an approach to solving those challenges that offers adherence to the FAIR principles as an integral characteristic. This approach will be prototyped in the Distributed System of Scientific Collections (DiSSCo) project, the pan-European Research Infrastructure which aims to unify over 110 natural science collections across 21 countries. We take each of the FAIR principles, discuss them as requirements in the creation of a seamless virtual collection of bio/geo specimen data, and map those requirements to Digital Object components and facilities such as persistent identification, extended data typing, and the use of an additional level of abstraction to normalize existing heterogeneous data structures. The FAIR principles inform and motivate the work and the DO Architecture provides the technical vision to create the seamless virtual collection vitally needed to address scientific questions of societal importance.
Helping the Consumers and Producers of Standards, Repositories and Policies to Enable FAIR Data
Authors: McQuilton Peter , Batista Dominique , Beyan Oya , Granell Ramon , Coles Simon , Izzo Massimiliano , Lister Allyson L. , Pergl Robert , Rocca-Serra Philippe , Schaap Ben , Shanahan Hugh , Thurston Milo , Sansone Susanna-Assunta
Published: November 2019

Thousands of community-developed (meta)data guidelines, models, ontologies, schemas and formats have been created and implemented by several thousand data repositories and knowledge-bases, across all disciplines. These resources are necessary to meet government, funder and publisher expectations of greater transparency and access to and preservation of data related to research publications. This obligates researchers to ensure their data is FAIR, share their data using the appropriate standards, store their data in sustainable and community-adopted repositories, and to conform to funder and publisher data policies. FAIR data sharing also plays a key role in enabling researchers to evaluate, re-analyse and reproduce each other's work. We can map the landscape of relationships between community-adopted standards and repositories, and the journal publisher and funder data policies that recommend their use. In this paper, we show how the work of the GO-FAIR FAIR Standards, Repositories and Policies (StRePo) Implementation Network serves as a central integration and cross-fertilisation point for the reuse of FAIR standards, repositories and data policies in general. Pivotal to this effort, the FAIRsharing, an endorsed flagship resource of the Research Data Alliance that maps the landscape of relationships between community-adopted standards and repositories, and the journal publisher and funder data policies that recommend their use. Lastly, we highlight a number of activities around FAIR tools, services and educational efforts to raise awareness and encourage participation.
The FAIR Funding Model: Providing a Framework for Research Funders to Drive the Transition toward FAIR Data Management and Stewardship Practices
Authors: Bloemers Margreet , Montesanti Annalisa
Published: November 2019

A growing number of research funding organizations (RFOs) are taking responsibility to increase the scientific and social impact of research output. Also reusable research data are recognized as relevant output for gaining impact. RFOs are therefore promoting FAIR research data management and stewardship (RDM) in their research funding cycle. However, the implementation of FAIR RDM still faces important obstacles and challenges. To solve these, stakeholders work together to develop innovative tools and practices. Here we elaborate on the role of RFOs in developing a FAIR funding model to support the FAIR RDM in the funding cycle, integrated with research community specific guidance, criteria and metadata, and enabling automatic assessments of progress and output from RDM. The model facilitates to create research data with a high level of FAIRness that are meaningful for a research community. To fully benefit from the model, RFOs, research institutions and service providers need to implement machine actionability in their FAIR RDM tools and procedures. As many stakeholders still need to get familiar with “human actionable” FAIR data practices, the introduction of the model will be stepwise, with an active role of the RFOs in driving FAIR RDM processes as effectively as possible.
Ontology, Ontologies and the “I” of FAIR
Authors: Guizzardi Giancarlo
Published: November 2019

According to the FAIR guiding principles, one of the central attributes for maximizing the added value of information artifacts is interoperability. In this paper, I discuss the importance, and propose a characterization of the notion of Semantic Interoperability. Moreover, I show that a direct consequence of this view is that Semantic Interoperability cannot be achieved without the support of, on one hand, (i) ontologies, as meaning contracts capturing the conceptualizations represented in information artifacts and, on the other hand, of (ii) Ontology, as a discipline proposing formal meth- ods and theories for clarifying these conceptualizations and articulating their representations. In particular, I discuss the fundamental role of formal ontological theories (in the latter sense) to properly ground the construction of representation languages, as well as methodological and computational tools for supporting the engineering of ontologies (in the former sense) in the context of FAIR.
FAIR Principles: Interpretations and Implementation Considerations
Authors: Jacobsen Annika , de Miranda Azevedo Ricardo , Juty Nick , Batista Dominique , Coles Simon , Cornet Ronald , Courtot Mélanie , Crosas Mercè , Dumontier Michel , Evelo Chris T. , Goble Carole , Guizzardi Giancarlo , Hansen Karsten Kryger , Hasnain Ali , Hettne Kristina , Heringa Jaap , Hooft Rob W.W. , Imming Melanie , Jeffery Keith G. , Kaliyaperumal Rajaram , Kersloot Martijn G. , Kirkpatrick Christine R. , Kuhn Tobias , Labastida Ignasi , Magagna Barbara , McQuilton Peter , Meyers Natalie , Montesanti Annalisa , van Reisen Mirjam , Rocca-Serra Philippe , Pergl Robert , Sansone Susanna-Assunta , da Silva Santos Luiz Olavo Bonino , Schneider Juliane , Strawn George , Thompson Mark , Waagmeester Andra , Weigel Tobias , Wilkinson Mark D. , Willighagen Egon L. , Wittenburg Peter , Roos Marco , Mons Barend , Schultes Erik
Published: November 2019

The FAIR principles have been widely cited, endorsed and adopted by a broad range of stakeholders since their publication in 2016. By intention, the 15 FAIR guiding principles do not dictate specific technological implementations, but provide guidance for improving Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability of digital resources. This has likely contributed to the broad adoption of the FAIR principles, because individual stakeholder communities can implement their own FAIR solutions. However, it has also resulted in inconsistent interpretations that carry the risk of leading to incompatible implementations. Thus, while the FAIR principles are formulated on a high level and may be interpreted and implemented in different ways, for true interoperability we need to support convergence in implementation choices that are widely accessible and (re)-usable. We introduce the concept of FAIR implementation considerations to assist accelerated global participation and convergence towards accessible, robust, widespread and consistent FAIR implementations. Any self-identified stakeholder community may either choose to reuse solutions from existing implementations, or when they spot a gap, accept the challenge to create the needed solution, which, ideally, can be used again by other communities in the future. Here, we provide interpretations and implementation considerations (choices and challenges) for each FAIR principle.
The Manaledi Clay Mine: a ca. 1500 Year-Long Record of Potting from a Single Clay Source in the Tswapong Hills, Eastern Botswana
Authors: Wilmsen Edwin N. , Griffiths Anne , Killick David , Thebe Phenyo
Published: November 2019

Current potters in Manaledi village in the Tswapong Hills of Botswana aver that they and their ancestors for five generations have made pottery exclusively with clay from nearby sources. We begin with an examination of Manaledi and its clay mine to uncover current dialectics between village, landscape, clay, potters, and ancestors. Archaeological sherds found around the village and clay sources document occupation by makers of Early Iron Age (ca. AD 500-750), Middle Iron Age (ca. AD 750-1050), Late Iron Age (ca. AD 1420-1800), and 18th-20th century wares related to current Manaledi pottery. The proximity of archaeological deposits, clay sources, and village made it possible to conduct simultaneously what might otherwise be considered three separate projects. As a consequence, we are able to document that Manaledi clays have been used to make pottery for some 1500 years and to consider long-standing constraints on potting this implies.
Endoscopic Transoral Hybrid Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy with Cricohyoidoepiglottopexy
Authors: Nakayama Meijin , Orosco Ryan K. , Holsinger F. Christopher , Spriano Giuseppe , Succo Giovanni , De Virgilio Armando , Oridate Nobuhiko
Published: November 2019

Objectives:

The hybrid supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (SCPL-CHEP, that is, open partial horizontal laryngectomies OPHL Type IIa) has been described using a flexible next generation robotic surgical platform for manipulation. We sought to evaluate the feasibility of performing this procedure using endoscopic transoral (EndoT) surgical techniques without robotics.

Methods:

Preclinical cadaveric study using two human cadavers. Hybrid SCPL-CHEP was performed with a flexible endoscope for visualization and hand-held instruments for manipulation (SILS Hook monopolar and Dissect, HAVAS LaryngoFIT malleable straight jaw instruments, and Stratafix 4-0 spiral knotless barbed suture).

Results:

EndoT hybrid SCPL-CHEP was successfully performed. The hand-manipulated rigid instruments allowed for transoral incisions and mucosal suturing. We provide the procedural steps of EndoT hybrid techniques.

Conclusions:

EndoT hybrid SCPL-CHEP was technically feasible in the preclinical cadaveric laboratory setting and appeared comparable to the hybrid SCPL-CHEP via transoral robotic surgery (TORS). Selected handheld instruments and flexible endoscopy appear to facilitate minimally invasive surgery of the larynx. This novel procedure and technique warrant further clinical study for consideration of feasibility, applicability, and patient benefit.
Association of WIC Participation and Growth and Developmental Outcomes in High-Risk Infants
Authors: Lakshmanan Ashwini , Song Ashley Y. , Flores-Fenlon Nicole , Parti Urvashi , Vanderbilt Douglas L. , Friedlich Philippe S. , Williams Roberta , Kipke Michele
Published: November 2019

The objective of this study was to describe the association of enrollment in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC), the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and infant growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Z scores and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development–Third Edition (Bayley-III) and Vineland Adaptive/Behavior Scale–II (VABS-II) scores represented primary outcomes. We conducted bivariate analyses and linear regression. Children who were enrolled in WIC or WIC/SNAP had weight z scores U (95% confidence interval [CI]) that were 1.32 (0.42-2.21) or 1.19 (0.16-2.23) units higher. Enrollment in WIC or WIC/SNAP was associated with a higher score (95% CI) of 11.7 U (1.2-22.2 U) or 11.5 (0.1-22.9) for Bayley-III cognitive score and 10.1 U (1.9-19.1 U) or 10.3 (0.9-19.7) for the VABS-II composite score. These findings support increased advocacy for participation in WIC or WIC/SNAP for families with high-risk infants.
The Individual-Level Deterrent Effect of “Call-In” Meetings on Time to Re-Arrest
Authors: Circo Giovanni , Krupa Julie M. , McGarrell Edmund , DeBiasi Alaina
Published: November 2019

Focused on deterrence popular model to address community-level violence, however little research has examined the individual-level effect of deterrent messaging on subsequent offending. To answer this question, we utilize data on 254 gang- and group-involved probationers and parolees who attended offender “call-in” meetings as part of the Detroit Ceasefire. We employ inverse-probability weighting to construct a counterfactual comparison group from a sample of gang-involved young adults who were not subject to the Ceasefire call-in. We then use a Cox regression to estimate time to re-arrest. We find that individuals who were delivered a deterrent message at a call-in meeting had a longer time to re-arrest compared to a weighted comparison group for up to 3 years following the meeting.
‘I could help, but . . .’: A dynamic sensemaking model of workplace bullying bystanders
Authors: Ng Kara , Niven Karen , Hoel Helge
Published: November 2019

How do we explain the behaviour of employees who encounter workplace bullying but fail to intervene, or sometimes even join the perpetrator? We often assume that bystanders witnessing bullying will restore justice, but empirical research suggests that they may also behave in ways that continue, or worsen, its progression. Recent theories have attempted to explain the process of bystander behaviour in response to general mistreatment, but the range of acknowledged behaviours is limited, and their scope is restricted to isolated incidents rather than complex, dynamic phenomena like workplace bullying. We offer a new model of bystander behaviours in workplace bullying. We use sensemaking theory to explain how appraisals of severity, victim deservingness and efficacy influence bystanders to enact a range of possible behaviours, and how post-hoc sensemaking utilizing moral disengagement affects how bystanders appraise and respond to future bullying. We explain the influence of the social context on sensemaking and the reciprocal influence that individual bystanders have on the social context. Our model explains how bystander behaviours change over time in response to repeated incidents and how bystanders’ responses affect other bystanders’ appraisals and the bullying process, therefore providing a dynamic perspective on the role of bystanders in workplace bullying.
The determination of thermal residual stresses in unidirectional and cross-ply titanium matrix composites using an etch removal method
Authors: Watt Gerald CR , Crocombe Andrew D , Ogin Stephen L , Kyle-Henney Stephen
Published: November 2019

Recent work has shown that a simple rule-of-mixtures approach may be used to predict the stress–strain behaviour of a cross-ply metal matrix composite laminate. However, the low-strain behaviour was not predicted accurately, probably because thermal residual stresses are obviously not included in such an approach. To increase the understanding of the limitations of the rule-of-mixtures approach for predicting the stress–strain response, the residual strain-state of the fibre reinforcement has been determined using an etching technique (henceforth referred to as the ‘total etch removal method’), and results have been compared both with finite element modelling and with thermal residual strain measurements derived from stress–strain curves. The results show that the residual strain distribution in a cross-ply composite may be more complex than previously thought, with the fibres in internal 0° plies having considerably higher thermal residual strains than fibres in external plies. The results confirm that the rule-of-mixtures approximation can be used, with some reservations with regard to the low-strain behaviour.
Maintaining the local Empire: The Public Works Department in Dar es Salaam, 1920–60
Authors: Edward Frank , Hård Mikael
Published: November 2019

Historical studies of infrastructures in colonial settings tend to focus on planning, design and construction. The article modifies this bias by highlighting the repair and maintenance of infrastructures. Investigating the Public Works Department in British Tanganyika, the authors illustrate its importance for keeping streets and roads clear, preventing sewage pipes from flooding and keeping electricity lines working. At the same time, the authors show that the Department struggled with a shortage of funds, and that it was often squeezed between other units of the British administration. Despite the obvious importance of repair and maintenance to keep the colonial economy and power apparatus running, such activities did not enjoy high esteem. The authors explain this state of affairs by referring to the generally low status of operation, maintenance and repair in Western culture and to the somewhat uneasy status of the engineering profession in British culture.
Humanitarian Intervention and Burden-Sharing Justice
Authors: Hjorthen Fredrik D
Published: November 2019

This article examines the case for distributive fairness among states in the context of humanitarian intervention. I start by arguing that distributive fairness among interveners is important for both intrinsic and instrumental reasons. I then discuss the worry that due to the nature of humanitarian intervention, fair burden sharing is difficult to achieve without compromising the operational effectiveness of interventions. I examine three responses that while they reduce the severity of this objection do not fully override it. Finally, in light of the objection I explore options for practical changes and institutional reform that could contribute to reconciling fair burden sharing with effective intervention. I conclude that fairness and effectiveness can be reconciled in the longer term by fully institutionalising humanitarian intervention and in the short term by distinguishing between the duty to undertake intervention and the duty to pay for it.
Creating pathways to developing a “Teacher Self” through metaphor analysis
Authors: Chien Chin-Wen
Published: November 2019

This study analyzed eight Taiwanese English as a foreign language student teachers’ metaphors to explore their self and professional identity. This study has four major findings. First, metaphor writing was able to reveal important information about student teachers’ professional identities. Second, in terms of teaching demonstrations, metaphors written by those who taught and those who observed were different, being seen as variously as an “adventure” or a “carousel,” for instance, due to their different teaching and learning experiences. Third, their metaphors or metaphor discussions were not in-depth revelations of their understanding and knowledge of English language teaching. Fourth, these participants held positive attitudes toward metaphor writing, analysis, and discussion as “useful for reflection.”
A novel anti-swing and position control method for overhead crane
Authors: Shao Xuejuan , Zhang Jinggang , Zhang Xueliang , Zhao Zhicheng , Chen Zhimei
Published: November 2019

Based on Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy modeling and linear matrix inequality with decay rate, this article presents a novel anti-swing and position control scheme for overhead cranes. First, the simplified nonlinear dynamic model is proposed by adopting a virtual control variable method to reduce the number of nonlinear terms. Then, the Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model is constructed using sector nonlinear technique, and the anti-swing and position controller of overhead crane is designed based on a linear matrix inequality with decay rate. Finally, the proposed control method is compared with the traditional Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy control method, and robustness of the system is discussed. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible and effective.
Design of an active front steering system for a vehicle using an active disturbance rejection control method
Authors: Sang Nan , Chen Lele
Published: November 2019

A linear vehicle model is commonly employed in the controller design for an active front steering (AFS). However, this simplified model has a considerable influence on the accuracy of the controller. In this article, an AFS controller using an active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) technique is proposed to prevent this problem. The AFS controller was established in MATLAB/Simulink to control the CarSim vehicle model for verification of the simulation. Under the straight-line driving disturbance condition, proportion-integration-differentiation (PID) control and ARDC substantially decreased with respect to the uncontrolled lateral offset and ADRC performed better than PID control. Under the double lane change (DLC) test working condition, the tracking error of the path, yaw rate, roll angle, and lateral acceleration, and error of the driving direction were used to evaluate the vehicle’s controllability and stability. These evaluation indexes were substantially improved by PID control and ADRC; similarly, ADRC was better than PID control. The tracking error of the ADRC in the presence of parameter variance and external disturbance was significantly smaller than that of PID control. The results have verified that the AFS controller based on ADRC can significantly improve vehicle controllability and stability.
The challenge to prioritise infant mental health in South Africa
Authors: Bain Katherine
Published: November 2019

Despite clear evidence that infant mental health intervention is imperative, mental health services for infants and their caregivers worldwide remain under-prioritised, under-funded, and inaccessible to most populations. South Africa is no exception. This article proposes some potential explanations for this, exploring both practical constraints and possible resistances within the currents of our collective unconscious.
How Do Policy Organizations Frame Issues and Shape Identity? Exploring the Case of School Choice
Authors: Brown Heath
Published: November 2019

Conservatives reject identity politics as un-American, yet a distinct conservative identity has formed around issues of liberty, antagonism toward government, and local control. This identity has been connected to policies, first helping build the coalition necessary to pass policy and later shaped by policy implementation. Policy Feedback theory explains the mechanism that connects conservative politics, policy, and identity. This analysis applies a specific aspect of Policy Feedback theory to the case of school choice to understand how organizations frame issues and shape identity. Using interest group communications data, the findings show differences between and within homeschooling and charter school groups.
A Practitioner Concept of Contemporary Creativity
Authors: Taylor Stephanie
Published: November 2019

This article reviews conceptualizations from three academic areas: the sociology of art, the psychology of creativity, and research on the cultural and creative industries. These are compared with findings from a critical discursive study with UK practitioners. The meanings and associations these maker artists attach to creativity are discussed as a practitioner concept. For the practitioners, the association of creativity with art carries a promise of transcendence and escape from ordinary life but also a potential challenge to their own entitlement and claims to a creative status. These findings demonstrate that the academic areas utilize different and conflicting conceptualizations and, second, that the practitioner concept is not consistent with any one of these. In conclusion, the contemporary celebration of creativity is based on different meanings and unacknowledged conflicts. Future social psychological research on creativity requires a more critical approach to the concept.
Novel 3-D hierarchical multiconfiguration graphene/polyaniline-based aerogels with directed higher performances
Authors: Yao Rui , Ju Jinshan , Yao Zhengjun
Published: November 2019

Novel three-dimensional (3-D) hierarchical multiconfiguration graphene/polyaniline-based aerogels were synthesized via in situ polymerization and directed freeze-drying method. The composite aerogels enhanced excellent thermal and electrical performances, at the same time, their 3-D hierarchical multiconfiguration was robust and stable, which made them more beneficial to be applied to thermal or electrical fields. Graphene oxide/polyaniline (GO/AP) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO/AP) were prepared. The multiconfiguration structure can be apparently observed through scanning electron microscopy image of GO/AP aerogel: the aerogels were composed of skeleton structure with paralleled open holes; the skeleton structure was made up by hierarchical GO sheet with AP network; and the AP network consisted of AP skeleton and nanopores. GO/AP aerogels showed higher heat resistance than single AP aerogel. In addition, compared with GO/AP and AP aerogels, RGO/AP aerogel had the best electrical performances (vertical electrical conductivity: 1.23 S cm−1 and specific capacitance: 580 F g−1). What is more, attributed to the multiconfiguration structure, the composite aerogels exhibited excellent performances in holes extending direction.
‘Young’ at heart: Remarks on James Young Simpson’s middle name
Authors: Haridas Rajesh P , Mather Laurence E
Published: November 2019

James Simpson’s middle name ‘Young’ does not appear in the parish record of his baptism or in the official records of his studies at the University of Edinburgh. The earliest documentary evidence we have identified of Simpson signing his name as ‘James Y. Simpson’ is correspondence dated November 1832 to Walter Grindlay, his future father-in-law. Correspondence from Simpson in 1835, a directory listing in 1836, and Simpson’s articles in the Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal in 1836 and 1838, refute suggestions that Simpson assumed the middle name ‘Young’ when he applied for the Chair of Midwifery in Edinburgh in 1839. We are unable to confirm whether Simpson used the middle name ‘Young’ informally or in correspondence while he was studying at Edinburgh University, or whether he formally assumed the name following his graduation in 1832.
Intraoperative cell salvage: A technology built upon the failures, fads and fashions of blood transfusion
Authors: Roets Michelle , Sturgess David J , Wyssusek Kerstin , van Zundert André A
Published: November 2019

Transfusion, as we know it today, developed into a very sophisticated treatment modality as a result of centuries of experimentation. Intraoperative cell salvage is a transfusion technique where autologous blood lost during surgery is reinfused. The success of this process relies on specialised equipment and techniques to collect, process, anticoagulate filter and reinfuse blood. Through a literature review, we collected information about the early origins of specific techniques relevant to intraoperative cell salvage: the ability to collect lost blood, to prevent collected blood from clotting, to remove debris through processing and other harmful aspects through filtering, the benefits of autologous blood transfusion, reinfusion and traditional concerns and contraindications. A culmination of knowledge specific to each of these techniques over centuries provides the background to the safe intraoperative cell salvage technique used today. In addition, we aimed to identify the reasons why specific equipment and techniques developed, why practice changed and what is still unknown. This article reviews relevant allogeneic transfusion and autotransfusion history, starting in Roman times, and includes landmark events through the centuries.