bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MANIFESTATION OF “PLANT HEIGHT” SIGN OF WINTER WHEAT DEPENDING ON PRECITATION IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE NON-BLACK SOIL ZONE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Gladysheva Ol'ga , Levakova Olga , Kostanyants Margarita
Published: October 2023

The research was carried out in order to identify the response of the trait plant height of winter wheat varieties to moisture conditions during the growing season. The work was carried out in 2010-2020 in Ryazan region. The object of the study was 9 varieties of winter soft wheat: Zarya, Inna, Pamyati Fedina, Moskovskaya 39, Angelina, Moskovskaya 56, Viola, Danaya, Felitsiya. The studies were carried out on a natural background in the nursery of competitive variety testing on plots of 10.0 m2. The soil of the experimental plot is dark gray forest, heavy loamy, of medium fertility. The main part of the varieties was included in the group of undersized (80 ... 100 cm) and only Zarya variety, which has a height of 104 cm, is classified as medium. The difference between the minimum and maximum plant heights of the studied varieties, which varied from 30 cm (Felitsiya) to 45 cm (Inna), indicates the dependence of this indicator on the growing conditions. The reliability of differences between the effects of genotypes, environments and their interactions has been established. The greatest contribution (43.8%) to the dispersion of plant height was made by the “genotype×environment” interaction, the contribution of the genotype was 38.0%, of the environment – 8.9%. A close negative relationship was found between lodging resistance and plant height (r=-0.779). The most resistant to lodging varieties are Angelina, Viola, Danae and Felicia (8.0 points or more). The yield of modern varieties Viola, Danaya and Felitsiya (6.27 ... 7.02 t/ha) with the same technology is 30 ... 45% higher. Significant varietal differences were found in the effect of precipitation in autumn and spring-summer periods on plant height. A weak and medium inverse relationship was noted between plant height and September precipitation (r=-0.338…-0.739), as well as a very weak to moderate direct relationship with precipitation in the first decade of October (r=+0.172…+0.588) and a direct relationship with total precipitation in May (r=+0.121…+0.859), especially in the second decade (r=+0.367…+0.643).
TERRITORIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF KIROV REGION FOR BARLEY CROPS PLACEMENT
Authors: Mukhamadiarov Farzutdin
Published: October 2023

The study was carried out in order to identify agroecologically similar territories for guaranteed production of high-quality barley grain in the region. The object of the study was the municipal districts of Kirov region. Study period is 2011-2021 The study was carried out by analyzing the time series of crop yields with the allocation of the ecological component of its variability. To unite objects into classes, the method of pair-group association was used. As a result, 7 agroecologically similar territories were allocated to accommodate crops. The most favorable for the placement of barley crops is agroecologically similar territories 2, which is located in the central agro-climatic zone. Here, the maximum yield of barley (23.5 c/ha) is obtained with a minimum level of variation (16.5%). The cumulative influence of soil and climatic conditions provides a guaranteed crop yield in this area. The soil cover of agroecologically similar territories 1 and 3 is mainly represented by soddy-podzolic and podzolic soils with a high degree of cultivation. Moderate moisture and heat supply in these areas favor the cultivation of barley with a moderate level of variability (17.7-18.8%). In these agroecologically similar territories, the productivity of barley to a greater extent depends on the level of agricultural technology. The combined effect of soil and climatic conditions ensures moderate yields in agroecologically similar territories 5 and 7 with a high level of variation (22.0-24.1%). Therefore, in these territories, in order to obtain a guaranteed yield, it is recommended to use barley varieties that are more adaptive to local conditions. Excessive moisture in agroecologically similar territories 4 and 6 limits the production of high and stable yields. In these territories, the minimum yields are obtained (14.3 and 15.6 c/ha) with a high level of variation (26.8 and 24.6%). It is not recommended to grow barley in these areas.
REGULATION OF BASIC AGRICULTURAL INDICATORS OF GRAPES GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT BY SHOOT LOAD
Authors: Sirotkina Nadezhda
Published: October 2023

The studies were carried out to determine the dependence of the safety of eyes, fruiting, yield, quality of grapes, and growth vigor of plants of Krasnostop Zolotovsky variety on the load of shoots. The work was carried out in production vineyards in Rostov region in 2020-2022. The feeding area of one plant was 4.5 m2 (planting pattern 3.0×1.5 m), the shape of the bushes was long-armed, the vines were covered. We tested four norms of shoot loading - 20, 25, 30 and 35 pieces per bush. The experiment was carried out in triplicate, 10 bushes each. On average, over the years of study, with an increase in the load of shoots, the proportion of living eyes after wintering along the entire length of the fruit vine decreased from 83% in the variant with 20 shoots to 64% with a load of 35 pieces per bush. The highest proportion of fruit-bearing shoots was noted in the variant with 25 shoots in the bush structure - 80%; the value of this indicator was lower than other variants in plants with a load of 35 pieces per bush - 63%. With an increase in load from minimum to maximum in the experiment, the yield increased significantly from 6.22 to 8.44 t/ha. The mass concentration of sugars in berry juice increased with increasing load of shoots from 22.6 to 25.5 g/100 cm3. The average volume of shoots decreased from 120.1 cm3 in plants with a load of 20 shoots to 62.2 cm3 with 35 shoots in the bush structure.
PROCESSING THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE USE OF TECHNOLOGIES OF INTEGRATED MICROPLASMA HARDENING OF WORKING UNITS AND PARTS OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES
Authors: Adigamov Nail , Gimaltdinov Il'dus , Galiev Ilgiz , Gricenko Aleksandr , Kazakov Yuriy
Published: October 2023

Today, the problem of maintaining the efficiency of complex modern domestic and foreign agricultural machines is quite acute. The working units of agricultural tillage machines operate in an aggressive abrasive environment, which leads to their intensive wear and, as a result, to the loss of geometric shape. This, in turn, leads to a violation of agrotechnical requirements, which significantly affects the yield of cultivated crops. Serial working units of soil-cultivating machines are made of alloy steels of the ST65G type with a working hardness of HRC 55 ... 60. The purpose of the research is to increase the wear resistance of the working bodies of tillage agricultural machines by using the technology of complex microplasma hardening, with the development of a methodology for determining rational modes of processing working surfaces. To evaluate the effectiveness of complex hardening of laboratory samples, studies of the elemental composition of the hardened layer were carried out. Plates made of ST65G steel were used as laboratory samples. Hardening was carried out using various combinations of cermet powders and microplasma hardening modes. Determination of wear resistance was carried out on a friction machine 77 MT-1. The best results were noted after vibro-arc hardening followed by electrospark alloying and the use of a cermet powder consisting of 80% PG-10N-01 matrix powder and 20% B4C boron carbide. Based on the indicators of hardening regimes, Lagrange interpolation polynomials were constructed, which describe the dependence of the amount of sample wear on the current and voltage, an algorithm was developed for determining rational hardening regimes to achieve maximum wear resistance of the studied samples. The microhardness of the surface of products during electrospark hardening increased up to 2 times, and with vibroarc in combination with electrospark alloying and the use of special pastes with cermet powders - more than 3 times. The depth of the hardened surface layer with complex hardening is about 0.3 mm.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF THE PULL-TYPE SPRAYER BY REDUCING HARVEST LOSS
Authors: Nurmiev Azat , Khafizov Kamil , Khafizov Kamil , Zalakov Nail , Maksimov Ivan
Published: October 2023

The research was carried out with the aim of optimizing the parameters of the trailed sprayer to reduce the total energy costs during its operation, taking into account possible crop losses. Computational experiments were carried out using a system energy mathematical model of sprayers based on the tractor MTZ-80, 82. The system under consideration includes subsystems - tractor, operator, sprayer, field, soil and crop (TOOPPU). As a criterion for optimizing the parameters of the sprayer, the total energy costs are taken, including, in addition to direct and indirect energy costs, the energy of the crop lost when the parameters of the sprayer are chosen incorrectly. For the accepted operating conditions of the sprayer (field area Fpolya = 60 ha; head length lgona = 0.8 km; travel distance lper = 3 km; strength factor of the field bearing surface Q1=0.9; volume of work Q=1000 ha; crop - spring wheat; number of weeds - 50 pieces/m2; number of tractors employed in the operation Ntrakt = 1 piece; working day Tdnev = 14 hours; planned yield YP = 40 c/ha; application rate of pesticides H3 = 150 l/ha; pump pressure Pnasosa = 3 MPa, air pressure in tires Pw = 0.16 MPa, number of wheels on one side of the axle Zk = 1 piece, coefficient of adhesion of wheels to soil Kscep = 0.6, coefficient of resistance to wheel rolling fperek = 0.1; soil density pz=1300 kg/m3; soil hardness H=1800000 Pa) revealed the presence of a combination of values of six parameters, when the total energy costs reach a minimum. the volume of the tank for pesticides is 5000 l, the width of the sprayer wheel profile is 0.2 m, the coefficient of distribution of the weight of the sprayer on its support wheels is 0.83. When turning the unit within the field, the total energy costs amounted to 4852.9 MJ/ha. With the same values of the optimal parameters of the sprayer, turning the unit outside the field led to a threefold reduction in total energy costs to 1365.4 MJ/ha. Widely used partial performance indicators of sprayers - productivity, fuel consumption per unit of treated area do not allow to identify ways to reduce crop losses.
General and Specific Regularities of Parental Family Perception by Women with Psychological Infertility
Authors: Stepanova V.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the problem of identifying the socio-psychological causes of female infertility of unclear etiology. It presents the results of an empirical study of the perception of women with intact reproductive health, but experiencing difficulties in conceiving and giving birth to a child, of their parental family. The author, based on the results of theoretical analysis, formulates a hypothesis that one of the dominant factors in a woman's psychological infertility is the image of her parental family, relations both in the "parent-parent" system and in the "parent-child" system. The hypothesis was tested in the course of a study performed using the family genogram method on a research sample of 312 women with infertility of unknown etiology. The general and specific features of women's perception of relationships in the parental family are revealed, which indicates the presence of typological features of their personality, which is due to children's subjective experience and feelings associated with the family situation of their development.
Metodología transdisciplinar con perspectiva de género aplicada-la regeneración urbana:-propósito de las ciudades turísticas.
Authors: Royo Naranjo Lourdes
Published: October 2023

En un momento de profundo cambio social, cultural, político y tecnológico, aparecen nuevos protagonistas en un escenario cambiante cuya velocidad anuncia una realidad demostrada: los métodos de proyección y organización en la disciplina arquitectónica no tienen capacidad para dar respuesta a las problemáticas de un territorio diverso, complejo y en profundo proceso de mutación. Es el momento de interpretar (y adaptar) las realidades con las que convivimos, construyendo o intentando, una sociedad más justa. En el presente artículo se plantea una revisión de aquellas dinámicas de trabajo trazadas por la arquitectura ante nuevas metodologías de enseñanza, aprendizaje y acción, donde el tejido social se ve afectado como parte del proceso de renovación urbana. En este discurso es importante contar con referentes, revisiones y modelos capaces de suministrar herramientas para trabajar con los contextos urbanos vigentes. Como consecuencia, el juicio crítico esgrimido desde la experiencia y protagonismo de las mujeres, dibuja nuevas ideas de ciudad, convertidas en catalizadoras de aspectos como la seguridad o los cuidados. Al mismo tiempo, cobran especial importancia los procesos participativos, convertidos en herramientas de legitimación, aplicados con total urgencia y necesidad, a la ciudad turistizada, actualmente en crisis y profundo debate. La imperiosa necesidad de cambiar el modelo heredado provoca pues, la introducción de una variable hasta ahora ausente, pero que se vuelve totalmente imprescindible para atender al proceso con una valoración predominante del llamado “giro afectivo” en el diseño de la ciudad habitable, y entender cómo la experiencia (corporal) está conectada con la vida pública, y viceversa.
Święty patron krakowskiej katedry. Aspekty kultu
Authors: Godula-Węcławowicz Róża , Węcławowicz Tomasz
Published: October 2023

For more than a century, there has been an ongoing dispute whether Archbishop ofCanterbury Thomas Becket, his story, activities and death could have inspired the cultof St. Stanislaus the Martyr Bishop. However, the cult of the Cracow martyr bishop,formed in the 13th century, developed over the following centuries independently ofthe alleged English model also in the context of ritualization and ethnicization of religion.It took on the characteristics of a longue durée structure. The figure of St. Stanislausbecame in a sense a personification of the Kingdom of Poland. The spectacularunification of the Polish principalities into a kingdom in 1320 was compared to the miraculousreintegration of Stanislaus’ body, dismembered at the time of his martyrdom.In the 19th century, reunification of the country torn apart by neighboring powers wassimilarly expected. In contrast, the cult of St. Thomas Becket has never developedin Poland. The cults of the two martyr bishops are shown from the perspective ofa long historical period. It reveals the mechanisms that determined the long-standingsignificant role of the patron saint of the Wawel Cathedral in Polish religious culture.
Jeszcze raz o kaplicy Zygmuntowskiej na Wawelu
Authors: Czyżewski Krzysztof J.
Published: October 2023

This article primarily focuses on two aspects related to the royal chapel built in theyears 1519-1533 by King Sigismund I in the Cracow Cathedral. The first aspect is thegenesis of the architectural articulation of the external elevations of its lower part.The division into three axes using Doric pilasters, combined with horizontally runningmoldings, can be traced back to the mausoleum (cenotaph) of Annia Regilla on ViaAppia in Rome, dating back to the 2nd century. Bartolomeo Berrecci could have becomefamiliar with this structure during his studies of ancient architecture, especiallysince it was of significant interest to contemporary architects like Antonio da Sangallothe Younger and Michelangelo. However, it is difficult to identify a direct model for thediamond-shaped profiled plates arranged within rectangular divisions of the chapel’sfacade. Most likely, this decoration represents the transposition of common multicoloredgeometric inlays found in Florentine architecture, covering the stone facades ofProto-Renaissance (e.g., San Miniato al Monte) and Renaissance buildings. Anotherissue is the interpretation of the crowning of the chapel’s dome, which should be understoodas an apology for the Name of Jesus (in the form of the IHS monogram inthe center of the cross carried by a kneeling angel), complemented by a psalm verseon the exterior frieze (“Non nobis Domine, non nobis sed nomini Tuo”).
Walenty Brzostowski – notariusz Krakowskiej Kapituły Katedralnej w latach 1543-1586
Authors: Zych Ewelina
Published: October 2023

Walenty Brzostowski, a priest from the Przemyśl Diocese, was associated with theneighboring Cracow Diocese for several decades. He was a licensed public notaryand served as a notary of the Cracow Cathedral Chapter from 1543 to 1586. Additionally,he was a parish priest in Raciborowice near Cracow, a village that was partof the chapter’s estate, and was buried there as well. Brzostowski was highly respectedby the chapter, as expressed through the trust and financial support granted to him.He recorded sessions of the chapter, prepared documents, made certified copies, andensured that canonical testaments and other documents were properly stored. Moreover,he participated in visitations (as a scribe), served as Peter’s Pence collector andas the chief secretary for the visitors of the city of Cracow.
Uroczystości pogrzebowe kard. Albina Dunajewskiego w katedrze wawelskiej
Authors: Sadowski CSsR Maciej
Published: October 2023

This article attempts to illustrate, on the basis of available sources and studies, the eventsrelated to the death and funeral, in the crypts of Wawel Cathedral, of one of the mosteminent shepherds of the Cracow Church – Cardinal Albin Dunajewski (1817-1894).His turbulent and colorful biography, crowned by his consecration as Bishop of Cracow,the cardinal’s hat, and the restoration of the declining diocese, is part of the difficultfate of partitioned Poland and the city around Wawel, which in the 19th century becamethe “hotbed of the national cause.” Wawel Cathedral held a special place on the spiritualmap of Cracow. The work of its renovation was initiated by Cardinal Dunajewski,who ultimately found his resting place in a Wawel crypt. His burial became part of theexceptional tradition of the 19th century funeral ceremonies of great Poles in Cracow.
Teatralna rodzina Modrzejewskiej
Authors: Orzechowski Emil
Published: October 2023

Zaproponowany temat – teatralna rodzina – w obu członach tego zestawienia rozumieć należy w sensie umownym. Rodzina to nie tylko grono osób połączonych więzami krwi, ale i krąg ludzi zespolonych racjami oraz motywami zawodowymi (ideowymi, artystycznymi), co w przypadku Modrzejewskiej ma szczególne znaczenie. (…) Na tym tle pojawia się nader ważne pytanie o to, czy realia, z jakimi się spotykała w tak różnych miejscach, spełniały jej oczekiwania? Czy dawały choćby namiastkę atmosfery rodzinnej? Czy były dla niej satysfakcjonujące, a przynajmniej dające się tolerować, zwłaszcza w kontekście jej własnej hierarchii wartości? (…) Dochodzi do tego jeszcze jedna trudność, a mianowicie troska samej Modrzejewskiej, a także jej męża, jaki wizerunek własny na użytek jakże różnej publiczności i jakimi sposobami kreować, a dalej – jaki wizerunek po sobie pozostawić.Ze Wstępu
Czy Modrzejewska marzyła o Warszawie?
Authors: Jędrzejczyk Anna
Published: October 2023

This text supplements the article Donia Sol, Lord Pilgrim i Aleksander hrabiaPrzezdziecki, published in the volume Helena Modrzejewska. Materiały dobadań nad życiem i twórczością aktora II połowy XIX i początków XX wieku.Persistent and laborious efforts of Aleksander Przezdziecki resulted inbringing Helena Modjeska for guest performances in the Government Theatersin Warsaw, where she was subsequently hired by the director SergieyMukhanov on her own terms, financial and other. This raised an unfair envyof the local acting community. Modjeska treated her work on the Warsawstage as temporary. She had Paris theaters in mind, which she got enamoredwith two years earlier. Her dream was to become a French actress, but sheneeded money to do so. Przezdziecki continued to take care of her, providedadvice and helped make valuable contacts. In Warsaw, Modjeska led a twoprongedlife as an actress and private person. Before her arrival, she had marriedKarol Chłapowski. His name was an asset in overcoming various problemsand an ennoblement of the acting profession. All this transpires fromletters, which constitute a priceless source. The Chłapowskis soon started tofrequent Warsaw salons and the artist made new acquaintances. Particularlyimportant for her was the friendship with an eminent European: Maria Kalergis,who became her second protector. Owing to her extensive social network,Kalergis helped with the mission of the artist and with reforming the War saw theater. Modjeska faced many disturbing incidents due to the resentmentof some of her colleagues. She used to recover from these frustrations duringsocial outings, engaging in discussions and listening to music, taking part incarnival balls and throwing them herself. The Chłapowskis were close friendswith Emilia Sierzputowska and Maria and Felicjan Faleński as well as threeoutstanding painters who had their workshops in the Europejski Hotel: JózefChełmoński, Stanisław Witkiewicz, and Adam Chmielowski. After sevenyears, the Chłapowskis left Warsaw.
Helena Modrzejewska i jej salonowe przyjaciółki oraz sceniczne koleżanki
Authors: Waszkiel Halina
Published: October 2023

The article describes Helena Modjeska’s relations with women – friends and acquaintances – mainly from two social groups: upper-class ladies in the Warsaw community (during the actress’s stay in Warsaw in 1869–76) and friends from the stage (mainly in Warsaw, but also earlier ones in other cities). Considering the letters, articles, memoirs and other testimonies from the era, it should be said that young Modjeska endeavored to win the favor of aristocrats (like Maria Kalergis-Muchanow) and used the word ‘friend’ mainly in reference to the ladies, while she treated her fellow actresses with reserve (or evencontempt), fighting competitors. Her relations with other actresses improved over time only when she became the undisputed ‘queen.’
Community Sanitation Risk Assessment of Tanjung Raja Village: A Rural Slum Study
Authors: Ramadhan Indah Novita , Ardillah Yustini , Oktivaningrum Rafika , Pratiwi Laura Dwi
Published: October 2023

Background: Areas with high sanitation risks have the potential to transmit infectious diseases. Meanwhile, Tanjung Raja Village is an area with a high level of slums and frequent flooding, so it has the potential to have sanitation risks. This study aimed to assess sanitation risk in Tanjung Raja village. Method: This was a quantitative study using the Environmental Sanitation Risk Assessment method. The study sample was all households in Neighborhood III of Tanjung Raja Village as many as 115 respondents using Simple Random Sampling. Results: The sanitation risk assessment of Tanjung Raja Village had a scoring category in RT 5 with high-risk results (score 3) and in RT 6 with fewer risk results (score 1) and Environmental health risks obtained related to sanitation included clean water, ownership of latrines, ownership of household waste bins, and wastewater disposal facilities. Conclusion: Tanjung Raja village has the potential to have a high sanitation risk with densely populated areas and flooded areas.
Exploration of Factors Predictors Nurses’ Occupational Stress on Facing Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hidayati Rizqi Wahyu , Nirmalasari Novita , Sari Ike Wuri Winahyu
Published: October 2023

Background: The fluctuating wave of Covid-19 cases induced the nurses’ work pressure, both physical and psychological. Occupational stress and burnout were caused by a nursing care plan, moving the nursing and health equipment. It influences decreasing in nursing care, working motivation, and patient safety, such as falls and medication errors. This study aimed to evaluate the factors influencing nurses' occupational stress in facing Covid-19 Pandemic in Yogyakarta. Method: The mixed method was used in this study. Using convenience sampling, 272 nurses who work at the Covid-19 hospital in Yogyakarta. The inclusion criteria were registered as Indonesian Nurses; with one-year experience of in work. The Nurses Occupational-Stress Scale 21 (NOSS-21) and Family Support Scale (FSS) were used to evaluate the nurses’ occupational stress and the family support system. It was analyzed using binary logistics. Results: The nurses' occupational stress showed a mean score of 44.40 ± 9.077. This score indicated low nurses' occupational stress. Age and nurses’ position had statistically significant positive effects on nurses' occupational stress (β = 6.305; p = 0.00) and (β = 0.469; p = 0.021). Conclusion: The nurses' occupational stress is related to the nurses' ages and position in the area of their work at a hospital.
Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Weight in Obese Adults
Authors: Kurniawan Sam Muh Alif , Hidayatullah M Furqon , Ekawati Febriani Fajar
Published: October 2023

Background: Obesity has become an epidemic and is a major threat to health. There are many ways to overcome obesity, one of which is exercise, but there are still reasons such as not having time to exercise. The purpose of this study is to discuss and describe the effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on weight loss in obese adults. Method: The method used in this study was a literature review using PRISMA to determine the number of articles used, the PEDro scale to assess each article, and check the quartiles of articles through schimago, then The articles were explained the population, intervention, comparison and outcome of each article. Result: The results obtained were that weight loss in the HIIT group varied from each article, namely 3.9kg, 5.3kg, 5.7kg, and 5kg, All comparison groups from articles that discussed HIIT and BMI also experienced weight loss, but HIIT had advantages in losing weight compared to some other comparisons, except for a study conducted by D'Amuri et al in 2021 which showed greater weight loss results in the MICT group, namely 0.3kg more than the HIIT group which was only 5.7kg, however, the two groups did not have a significant difference. Conclusion: This study concludes that High-Intensity Interval Training can reduce the weight of individuals who are obese in adulthood.
Isolation of Pediococcus pentosaceus to compete Vibrio harveyi in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei hatchery
Authors: HALIMAN RUBIYANTO WIDODO , KURNIA METHODIUS DIGNA , IMAN MOHAMMAD NURUL , KUSUMA SATRIA AJI , HALALLUDIN BENI , RIZKIANTINO RIFKY , SARI PUTRI PURNAMA , RAHAYU MUFTI , FITRIANA RACHMAWATI NUR , PANJAITAN BESTRAN VIRLANDO , JACINDA ADINDA KINASIH , LAIMAN HENDRI
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Haliman RW, Kurnia MD, Iman MN, Kusuma SA, Halalludin B, Rizkiantino R, Sari PP, Rahayu M, Fitriana RN, Panjaitan BV, Jacinda AK, Laiman H. 2023. Isolation of Pediococcus pentosaceus to compete Vibrio harveyi in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei hatchery. Biodiversitas 24: 4514-4520. Shrimp is an aquaculture commodity with high economic value, and is widely cultured in Asia and South America. Among diseases in the shrimp hatchery, vibriosis is considered as the main problem, with emphasize on Vibrio harveyi infection. Probiotics are life microbes with defense mechanism against pathogens, and have been used in aquaculture as an alternative strategy in disease management through application into the water or through the feed. In order to renew the current probiotics available, exploration of probiotic candidate isolates with ability to compete with the luminous bacteria has been done in mangrove area of Merak Belantung, Kalianda, Lampung Province, Indonesia, and also from shrimp intestine, raised in the tank of research facility. Nine bacteria isolates were obtained from this exploration, and based on the references, 4 isolates had the potential to compete Vibrio harveyi. Based on the 16S rRNA sequencing result, those 4 isolates were Bacillus cereus, B. aryabhattai, Weisella paramesenteroides, and Pediococcus pentosaceus. Further analysis of in vitro test using agar-well diffusion inhibition method and in vivo test showed that among those 4 isolates, only P. pentosaceus had strong antibacterial activity against V. harveyi and could be used as probiotic in shrimp rearing with optimal dose at 5-10 µL L-1.
Biological activities and chemical characterization of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil from Seraïdi, Northeastern Algeria
Authors: HADJ MOUSSA ABDEL HAKIM , BENALIOUCHE FOUZIA , SBARTAI IBTISSEM , SBARTAI HANA
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Hadj Moussa AH, Benaliouche F, Sbartai I, Sbartai H. 2023. Biological activities and chemical characterization of
Lavandula angustifolia essential oil from Seraïdi, Northeastern Algeria. Biodiversitas 24: 4535-4543. The objectives of this study are to examine the chemical composition of essential oil (EO) extracted by hydrodistillation from the flowering tops of dry lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) harvested in the town of Seraïdi in Northeastern Algeria and evaluate its antifungal, antibacterial, and antioxidant potential. The chemical analysis of this essential oil was carried out by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by dilution method in solid and liquid medium, and the antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH° radical scavenging assay. It revealed the presence of 20 compounds representing the general component of this oil with a yield of 1.71%. This oil is composed mainly of Linalool (31.27%), followed by Camphor (16.21%), Linalool Oxide (11.98%), and Linalyl Acetate (11.93%). Other constituents were identified at relatively medium [2-Furarmethanol (7.49%), 1,8-Cineole/eucalyptol (6.76%), Borneol (5.34%)] and low contents [1-Hexyl butyrate (1.25%)]. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of lavender EO against Fusarium roseum were 3000 µg/mL and 4000 µg/mL, respectively. Lavender OE had moderate antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas savastanoi. The antioxidant activity of lavender EO was lower than that of vitamin C.
Ethnobotany and conservation applications in the Noken making by the Sougb Tribe of West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: SAIBA YORIS , UNGIRWALU ANTONI , MURDJOKO AGUSTINUS , BREARLEY FRANCIS Q. , PEDAY MARIANA H. , YOWEI RINA NELLY , IMBURI CHRISTIAN SOLEMAN , RUNTUBOI YUBELINCE Y. , DJITMAU DONY ARISTONE , SA'DIYAH SITI HALIMATUS
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Saiba Y, Ungirwalu A, Murdjoko A, Brearley FQ, Peday MH, Yowei RN, Imburi CS, Runtuboi YY, Djitmau DA, Sa'diyah SH. 2023. Ethnobotany and conservation applications in the Noken making by the Sougb Tribe of West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4577-4583. Documenting local ecological knowledge is critical for understanding complex ecological-cultural interactions to protect indigenous community entities. Woven baskets known as Noken have been part of Papuan indigenous culture for centuries, yet ethnobotanical aspects of Noken making remain poorly understood. Hence, this study describes Noken-making from an ethnobotanical perspective. We acquired ethnoecological knowledge by interviewing respondents who were actively involved in the production of Noken. The results revealed that the Sougb Tribe (from South Manokwari District, West Papua, Indonesia) utilized pineapple as a primary material for weaving and other natural materials as dyes, with this process undertaken mainly by women. We also document the Sougb Tribe's adaptation and continuous interaction with their dynamic environment that has evolved during Noken's making. Moreover, the recommendation to conserve Noken preserves biocultural diversity and habitats for key plant species. Since Noken has played an essential part in shaping the Sougb Tribe's cultural identity, conserving the use of Noken will aid in preserving the habitats of plants used as materials for Noken. In the future, the provincial government should assist habitat biocultural conservation by granting tribes customary forest status to facilitate plant habitat protection in line with the sustainable development agenda of West Papua Province.
Effective Countering Islamophobia Strategies in the Digital Age: Three Approaches
Authors: Khamis Sahar
Published: October 2023

One of the most serious challenges which is still threatening Muslims globally is the surge in Islamophobia, or negative attitudes and excessive fear towards Islam and Muslims. The digital age became a double-edged sword when it comes to the threat of Islamophobia. On one hand, it opened the door for anti-Muslim campaigns to spread widely and quickly online. On the other hand, it provided modern Muslims with much-needed opportunities to resist such hateful campaigns using the very same digital tools. This article sheds light on three important strategies which have been successfully deployed by modern Muslims to resist Islamophobia in the digital age. The first is the effective utilization of humor to resist some of the most hateful anti-Muslim campaigns and misrepresentations in cyberspace and present successful counter-narratives. The second is putting faith in action, through Muslim philanthropy and communal giving, especially amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This has been done by using digital tools to spread and amplify these good deeds, while resisting Islamophobia simultaneously by correcting some of the false images and skewed misrepresentations about Islam and Muslims and replacing them with positive ones. And the third is boosting the visibility of Muslim women’s identities and amplifying their voices, which shatters the negative stereotypes about Muslim women as silent and helpless beings and counters their misrepresentation and marginalization, while countering Islamophobia in parallel. In discussing each of these strategies, the appropriate context is explained and relevant examples are provided to illustrate the arguments made throughout this paper.
Tunable multifunctional polarization conversion in bilayer chiral metamaterials
Authors: Yan Xiaona , Wang Ran , Luan Weimeng , Gao Xinzhuo , Jin Zuanming , Ma Guohong
Published: October 2023

A chiral metamaterial composed of bilayer twisted split-ring resonators is proposed and demonstrated to realize tunable, dual-directional, and multifunctional polarization conversion for terahertz waves. Simulations show that the converter can selectively achieve linear-to-linear, linear-to-right-handed circular, or linear-to-left-handed circular polarization conversion by tuning the polarization and propagating direction of the incident waves. Stokes parameters, ellipticity, and a polarization rotation angle are introduced to determine the output polarization. The circular polarization transmission coefficients and surface current distribution are employed to demonstrate the physical mechanisms of the phenomena above. The proposed converter can find potential applications in terahertz imaging and communications.
Solution-processed Er3+-Doped GeS2 chalcogenide glass films with NIR photoluminescence towards functional flexibility and integration
Authors: Wang Shuo , Gao Chengwei , Xu Tiefeng , Dai Shixun , Lin Changgui , Tan Linling
Published: October 2023

Rare-earth doped chalcogenide films are major components in flexible and integrated photonic and optoelectronic devices for modern communication systems, metrology, and optical sensing. However, it is still challenging to develop a high concentration of rare-earth doping chalcogenide film with a smooth surface to realize efficient photoluminescence (PL). Here, we demonstrate that Er3+-doped GeS2 films are prepared by spin-coating based on a two-step dissolution process. Such a two-step process provides the high solubility of Er3+ in GeS2 films and exhibits efficient emission at ∼1.5 µm crossing the telecommunication C-band. The highest PL emission intensity is obtained in GeS2 films doped with 1.4 mol% of Er3+, and this PL in GeS2 films is reported for the first time. We propose adjustments of annealing parameters for improving the PL characteristics in such materials. Through the control precision of the heating rate and annealing temperature, the smooth surface of GeS2 films enables efficient photo-luminescence. This two-step dissolution-based strategy would pave a new path to design luminescent chalcogenide films for application in flexible and integrated optoelectronics and photonics.
Nondestructive volumetric optical analysis of corroded copper oxidation using 1700nm swept-source optical coherence microscopy
Authors: Ko Young-Min , Kang Chang-Min , Lee Yong-Jae , Jang Hee-Jin , Ahn Tae-Jung , Eom Tae Joong
Published: October 2023

This study presents a novel nondestructive analysis method for precise characterization of corroded copper oxidation using optical coherence microscopy (OCM). By exploiting the partial light transmission through metallic oxide layers, we employed a specialized OCM system with a wavelength of 1700nm and enhanced the analysis accuracy compared to conventional optical coherence tomography (OCT). The developed OCM system featured a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.15, providing improved surface profiling and higher lateral resolution than OCT. we developed a peak-finding algorithm to accurately determine the thickness of the copper oxide layer from the acquired interference data with zero padding. Our method was validated by comparing the measured thickness profiles with those obtained from scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of corroded metals. The copper oxidation specimens were prepared after heat treatment for 1, 2, 4, and 8 h in an alumina tube furnace at a temperature of 900 °C to find the correlation between the OCM thickness measurement. Additionally, the acquired enface 3D images enabled the identification of local corrosion distribution within a 4 mm × 4 mm area. The en-face mapping images are utilized to analyze the uniformity of the metal oxidation process across the imaging area of the copper oxidation specimens. With an increase in heat treatment time, the median value of the thickness histogram for the copper oxide within the area consistently remained around 10 µm. However, the thickness variation ranged from -2 µm to 5 µm. This indicates that as the heat treatment time progresses, the thickness of the copper oxide becomes more non-uniform. Our technique holds great potential for nondestructive and noncontact detection of metal corrosion and assessment of corrosion rates in various industrial applications. Future research efforts could focus on expanding the application of OCM to different metals and exploring its commercialization prospects for practical implementation in diverse industries.
ASF-Transformer: neutralizing the impact of atmospheric turbulence on optical imaging through alternating learning in the spatial and frequency domains
Authors: Zhang Ziran , Zhao Bin , Chen Yueting , Wang Zhigang , Wang Dong , Sun Jiawei , Zhang Jie , Xu Zhihai , Li Xuelong
Published: October 2023

Atmospheric turbulence, a pervasive and complex physical phenomenon, challenges optical imaging across various applications. This paper presents the Alternating Spatial-Frequency (ASF)-Transformer, a learning-based method for neutralizing the impact of atmospheric turbulence on optical imaging. Drawing inspiration from split-step propagation and correlated imaging principles, we propose the Alternating Learning in Spatial and Frequency domains (LASF) mechanism. This mechanism utilizes two specially designed transformer blocks that alternate between the spatial and Fourier domains. Assisted by the proposed patch FFT loss, our model can enhance the recovery of intricate textures without the need for generative adversarial networks (GANs). Evaluated across diverse test mediums, our model demonstrated state-of-the-art performance in comparison to recent methods. The ASF-Transformer diverges from mainstream GAN-based solutions, offering a new strategy to combat image degradation introduced by atmospheric turbulence. Additionally, this work provides insights into neural network architecture by integrating principles from optical theory, paving the way for innovative neural network designs in the future.
Perfusion estimation using synthetic MRI-based measurements and a porous media flow model
Authors: Lorentzen Rolf Johan , Nævdal Geir , Sævareid Ove , Hodneland Erlend , Hanson Erik Andreas , Munthe-Kaas Antonella
Published: October 2023

The measurement of perfusion and filtration of blood in biological tissue give rise to important clinical parameters used in diagnosis, follow-up, and therapy. In this paper, we address techniques for perfusion analysis using processed contrast agent concentration data from dynamic MRI acquisitions. A new methodology for analysis is evaluated and verified using synthetic data generated on a tissue geometry.
Patch formation driven by stochastic effects of interaction between viruses and defective interfering particles
Authors: Liang Qiantong , Yang Johnny , Fan Wai-Tong Louis , Lo Wing-Cheong
Published: October 2023

Defective interfering particles (DIPs) are virus-like particles that occur naturally during virus infections. These particles are defective, lacking essential genetic materials for replication, but they can interact with the wild-type virus and potentially be used as therapeutic agents. However, the effect of DIPs on infection spread is still unclear due to complicated stochastic effects and nonlinear spatial dynamics. In this work, we develop a model with a new hybrid method to study the spatial-temporal dynamics of viruses and DIPs co-infections within hosts. We present two different scenarios of virus production and compare the results from deterministic and stochastic models to demonstrate how the stochastic effect is involved in the spatial dynamics of virus transmission. We compare the spread features of the virus in simulations and experiments, including the formation and the speed of virus spread and the emergence of stochastic patchy patterns of virus distribution. Our simulations simultaneously capture observed spatial spread features in the experimental data, including the spread rate of the virus and its patchiness. The results demonstrate that DIPs can slow down the growth of virus particles and make the spread of the virus more patchy.
Particle-based simulations reveal two positive feedback loops allow relocation and stabilization of the polarity site during yeast mating
Authors: Guan Kaiyun , Curtis Erin R. , Lew Daniel J. , Elston Timothy C.
Published: October 2023

Many cells adjust the direction of polarized growth or migration in response to external directional cues. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae orient their cell fronts (also called polarity sites) up pheromone gradients in the course of mating. However, the initial polarity site is often not oriented towards the eventual mating partner, and cells relocate the polarity site in an indecisive manner before developing a stable orientation. During this reorientation phase, the polarity site displays erratic assembly-disassembly behavior and moves around the cell cortex. The mechanisms underlying this dynamic behavior remain poorly understood. Particle-based simulations of the core polarity circuit revealed that molecular-level fluctuations are unlikely to overcome the strong positive feedback required for polarization and generate relocating polarity sites. Surprisingly, inclusion of a second pathway that promotes polarity site orientation generated relocating polarity sites with properties similar to those observed experimentally. This pathway forms a second positive feedback loop involving the recruitment of receptors to the cell membrane and couples polarity establishment to gradient sensing. This second positive feedback loop also allows cells to stabilize their polarity site once the site is aligned with the pheromone gradient.
Natural variability in bee brain size and symmetry revealed by micro-CT imaging and deep learning
Authors: Lösel Philipp D. , Monchanin Coline , Lebrun Renaud , Jayme Alejandra , Relle Jacob J. , Devaud Jean-Marc , Heuveline Vincent , Lihoreau Mathieu
Published: October 2023

Analysing large numbers of brain samples can reveal minor, but statistically and biologically relevant variations in brain morphology that provide critical insights into animal behaviour, ecology and evolution. So far, however, such analyses have required extensive manual effort, which considerably limits the scope for comparative research. Here we used micro-CT imaging and deep learning to perform automated analyses of 3D image data from 187 honey bee and bumblebee brains. We revealed strong inter-individual variations in total brain size that are consistent across colonies and species, and may underpin behavioural variability central to complex social organisations. In addition, the bumblebee dataset showed a significant level of lateralization in optic and antennal lobes, providing a potential explanation for reported variations in visual and olfactory learning. Our fast, robust and user-friendly approach holds considerable promises for carrying out large-scale quantitative neuroanatomical comparisons across a wider range of animals. Ultimately, this will help address fundamental unresolved questions related to the evolution of animal brains and cognition.
Retrospective and projected warming-equivalent emissions from global livestock and cattle calculated with an alternative climate metric denoted GWP*
Authors: del Prado Agustin , Lindsay Brian , Tricarico Juan
Published: October 2023

Limiting warming by the end of the century to 1.5°C compared to pre-Industrial times requires reaching and sustaining net zero global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and declining radiative forcing from non-CO2 greenhouse gas (GHG) sources such as methane (CH4). This implies eliminating CO2 emissions or balancing them with removals while mitigating CH4 emissions to reduce their radiative forcing over time. The global cattle sector (including Buffalo) mainly emits CH4 and N2O and will benefit from understanding the extent and speed of CH4 reductions necessary to align its mitigation ambitions with global temperature goals. This study explores the utility of an alternative usage of global warming potentials (GWP*) in combination with the Transient Climate Response to cumulative carbon Emissions (TCRE) to compare retrospective and projected climate impacts of global livestock emission pathways with other sectors (e.g. fossil fuel and land use change). To illustrate this, we estimated the amount and fraction of total warming attributable to direct CH4 livestock emissions from 1750 to 2019 using existing emissions datasets and projected their contributions to future warming under three historical and three future emission scenarios. These historical and projected estimates were transformed into cumulative CO2 equivalent (GWP100) and warming equivalent (GWP*) emissions that were multiplied by a TCRE coefficient to express induced warming as globally averaged surface temperature change. In general, temperature change estimates from this study are comparable to those obtained from other climate models. Sustained annual reductions in CH4 emissions of 0.32% by the global cattle sector would stabilize their future effect on global temperature while greater reductions would reverse historical past contributions to global warming by the sector in a similar fashion to increasing C sinks. The extent and speed with which CH4 mitigation interventions are introduced by the sector will determine the peak temperature achieved in the path to net-zero GHG.