bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Novel in England between the Wars
Authors: Endicott
Published: March 2013

Any critic's list of the serious novelists whose books were most widely read in the early nineteen-twenties would have to include Galsworthy, Wells, Bennett, Conrad, Maugham, perhaps Huxley. But with one exception, neither the temper nor the experiments of the period were best represented by these names. While the later work of the greatest novelists is more often than not both up to date and up to level, this is not true of the Edwardians. Who would compare The Man of Property with Galsworthy's efforts as published in the Cosmopolitan, or Of Human Bondage with The Painted Veil? In the time-honoured way, it was the pleasure, if not duty, of the new writers to enlarge the gallery and empty some of the niches.
The Mind of Edward Gibbon (II)
Authors: Cochrane
Published: March 2013

In the former of these two articles we examined the intellectual history of Edward Gibbon in order to discover the influences which contributed to inform his mind and thus equip him for his task as author of the Decline and Fall. We tried to estimate his obligations to the Greek and Latin classics and to modern literature, particularly the literature of eighteenth-century thought. The result was to show that, while the development of Gibbon's genius was by no means narrow or one-sided, there was one element which predominated in his intellectual discipline, and it was this which coloured, even if it did not wholly dictate, his appreciation of the issue. Gibbon wrote in the spirit and with the resources of philosophic scepticism. It was as a philosophic sceptic that he embarked on his investigation and that he reached his final verdict in the words: “I have described the triumph of barbarism and religion.” Accordingly, the next step must be to consider how the sceptical philosophy is applied by Gibbon, and to examine its value as a principle of historical interpretation. We shall begin by raising at once the vexed question of Gibbon's attitude to Christianity.
Reviews
Authors: Knox  , Randall, Jr John , Wilson  , Stanley Carleton , Robbins
Published: March 2013

Robert B. Heilman, This Great Stage: Image and Structure in King Lear, reviewed by R.S. Knox

H.B. Charlton, Shakespearian Tragedy, reviewed by R.S. Knox

Edith Sitwell, A Notebook on William Shakespeare, reviewed by R.S. Knox

W.J. Gage,The Philosophy of Francis Bacon, reviewed by John H. Randall

Donals Lemen Clark, John Milton at St. Paul's School: A Study of Ancient Rhetoric in English Renaissance Education, reviewed by H.S. Wilson

E.K. Brown, Matthew Arnold: A Study of Conflict, reviewed by Carelton Stanley

Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, reviewed by W. Robbins
Drama
Authors: Tovell Vincent
Published: March 2013

Reviews of drama published in Canada in 1949.
French-Canadian Letters
Authors: Collin W.E.
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian books published in Canada in 1949.
Sir Thomas More, Humanist and Lawyer
Authors: Shoeck
Published: March 2013

But Erasmus' view of More and English law has been adopted by later historians and biographers of More. Chambers pretty much follows the Erasmian view, and more recently Hexter has developed that view into a thesis: that More was "dragooned into the legal profession by his father" and showed a "revulsion against the practice of law" in the Utopia? Erasmus' view, then, has had a widening rather than diminishing development and influence. It is time, I think, to question it.
Reviews
Authors: viner Jacob , Davies Robertson
Published: March 2013

Francis E. Mineka, ed., The Earlier Letters of John Stuart Mill, Vols XII and XII, reviewed by Jacob Viner

David M. Little and George M. Kahrl, eds., The Letters of David Garrick, reviewed by Robertson Davies
Reviews
Authors: Robinson  , Savan David , Leech Clifford , Rosenbaum
Published: March 2013

Plato Oxoniensis, reviewed by T.M. Robinson

Lev Shestove, Athens and Jerusalem, reviewed by David Savan

Fredson Bowers, The Dramatic Works in the Beaumont and Fletcher Canon, reviewed by Clifford Leech

Jean Guiguet, Virginia Woolf and Her Works, reviewed by S.P. Rosenbaum
Reviews
Authors: Brückmann Patricia
Published: March 2013

Phillip Harth, ed., New Approaches to Eighteenth-Century Literature, reviewed by Patricia Carr Brückmann

Irwin Ehrenpreis, Meaning and Augustan Values, reviewed by Patricia Carr Brückmann

Martin Battestin, The Providence of Wit: Aspects of Form in Augustan Literature and the Arts, reviewed by Patricia Carr Brückmann

C.J. Rawson, Gulliver and the Gentle Reader: Studies in Swift and Our Time, reviewed by Patricia Carr Brückmann

C.J. Rawson, Henry Fielding and the Augustan Ideal Under Stress, reviewed by Patricia Carr Brückmann

Michael DePorte, Nightmares and Hobbyhorses: Swift, Sterne, and Augustan Ideas of Madness, reviewed by Patricia Carr Brückmann

Max Byrd, Visits to Bedlam: Madness and Literature, reviewed by Patricia Carr Brückmann

Thomas Maresca, Epic to Novel, reviewed by Patricia Carr Brückmann

Susan G. Auty, The Comic Spirit of Eighteenth Century Novels, reviewed by Patricia Carr Brückmann

John Barker, Strange Contrarieties: Pascal in England during the Age of Reason, reviewed by Patricia Carr Brückmann

John Dixon Hunt and Peter Willis, eds., The Genius of the Place: The English Landscape Garden 1620—1820, reviewed by Patricia Carr Brückmann
From Narrative to Music: Benjamin Britten's The Turn of the Screw
Authors: Corse Sandra
Published: March 2013

Musical and narrative structures are strikingly similar. Both take place in time, both depend upon the procession of meanings which unfold before the reader or listener, both depend upon the reader or listener participating in the process of unfolding meaning, and both are organized in layers, what Leonard Mayer calls 'hierarchical structures' and Roland Barthes refers to as the '"layeredness"' [feuilleté] of the discourse.' Barthes goes on to describe the literary text, metaphorically, as an onion, 'a construction of layers (or levels, or systems) whose body contains, finally, no heart, no kernel, no secret, no irreducible principle, nothing except the infinity of its own envelopes—which envelop nothing other than the unity of its own surface.' Barthes could very well be describing music, and indeed he does often use musical metaphors in discussing narrative forms. Musical analysis has always recognized the layeredness of the musical text; recent theorists such as Meyer and Heinrich Schenker have developed models which emphasize this layeredness more emphatically than those previously in use. These models have shown how closely related narrative and musical structures are (the major difference, of course, is the degree of referentiality possible or useful in narrative and musical forms). These similarities often almost disappear in the actual perception of an art: our experience in reading a novel or listening to a piece of music is more of differences than of similarities. However, when the two forms are combined, as in an opera, structural similarities become more obvious. They are very important to the composer, who can use them in order to create meaning; he often attempts to express meanings inherent in his text as much as possible through musical means, especially since a libretto is necessarily a much abbreviated and reduced form of literature. Benjamin Britten's operatic setting of The Turn of the Screw is an instructive example of the correlations between the literaryand musical text. Britten is a composer who does his best work in forms which combine music and words. He is always careful to retain the essential character of the literary text, and in his music we find the interplay between text and music developed to an unusual degree.
The Widener Burying-Ground
Authors: Hollander John
Published: March 2013

A poem.
De poesia mia
Authors: Cloutier Cécile
Published: March 2013

Ce texte va essayer de poser quelques jalons aux relations qui existent entre mon hie et nunc et ma démarche de création. Mon écriture vient surtout de mes amitiés, de mes amours, de mes rencontres. Je me suis mise à écrire parce que j'ai fait la connaissance de Félix-Antoine Savard, à quatorze ans, et que j'ai été complètement habitée par ce qu'il disait si bellement de la poésie et de ma langue. Puis, j'ai eu comme compagnons de classe, en licence, à l'université Laval, Gilles Vigneault et Roger Fournier. J'ai vécu aussi de grands moments de poésie avec Gatien Lapointe, une longue connivence avec Gaston Miron et beaucoup de convivialité avec la plupart des poètes québécois. Un peu plus tard, j'ai eu la chance de profiter de l'amitié de certains poètes de France dont Guillevic, Frénaud, Cassou, etc, mais j'avais déjà trap d'années pour ître vraiment influencée.
Le roman au féminin
Authors: Théoret France
Published: March 2013

L'écriture des femmes a légitimé mon désir d'écrire. Le féminisme m'a délivrée de l'idée que j'etais un sujet neutre. Tout ce que j'avais perçu de la différence sexuelle devint signifiant. Ce fut un commencement décisif qui n'avait pas à nier l' ceuvre littéraire ni une approche contemporaine de la langue. Le féminisme se révélait une forme d'engagement et de solidarité, il n'appelait aucune régression, aucun aplatissement d'une esthétique littéraire.
Petite théorie de l'île
Authors: Godbout Jacques
Published: March 2013

Hier soir encore, à la télévision, un individu instruit, parlant des Québécois en Amérique, affirmait qu'ils forment 'un îlot Francophone perdu dans une mer anglophone.' Ce cliché m'agace au plus haut point, mais il faut prendre les cliches au pied de la lettre puisqu'ils sont l'essence même de la représentation culturelle. Habituellement l'îlot et la mer sont quantifiés, le territoire français mesure sept millions d'habitants, la mer anglo-américaine s'étend sur deux cent cinquante lnillions de locuteurs. Que d'eau!
Choral Music in Montreal Circa 1900: Three Composers
Authors: Beckwith John
Published: March 2013

Concerts devoted to the staples of the European choral-orchestral repertoire (Handel, Haydn, Mendelssohn) were a feature of Canadian musical life in the era between Confederation and the First World War. Typically the chorus was a local one comprising 150 to 400 voices, while in the absence of any local instrumental ensemble of sufficient size and competence the orchestra more often than not was brought in from Boston or Pittsburgh or Chicago. Toronto had three or four societies thriving on this sort of operation, and is often cited as one of the main centres of choral-music cultivation in North America during the period. But similar activities prevailed in Hamilton, Ottawa, and other Canadian cities—including the country's largest city at the time, Montreal.
La problématique interculturelle dans Alexandre Chenevert de Gabrielle Roy
Authors: Kwaterko Józef
Published: March 2013

Dans sa pénétrante étude du réalisme social dans Alexandre Chenevert, Ben-Zion Shek considère la problématique de la non-appartenance ('nonbelonging') du sujet canadien-français à son milieu socio-culturel comme centrale du roman. Récit de l'aliénation urbaine, économique et culturelle, le roman de Gabrielle Roy apparaitrait en 1954 comme profondément critique et humaniste, préfigurant les mutations de la société québécoise de la décennie suivante.
Postmodern Agents: Cultural Representation in Hubert Aquin's Prochain épisode and Yolande Villemaire's Meurtres à blanc
Authors: Green Mary Jean
Published: March 2013

Theorists of the spy novel have shown that its formulaic plots and interchangeable structural elements have been used as a means of representing the most serious cultural conflicts of our time. Profoundly a creation of the twentieth century, the mechanisms and paraphernalia of the spy genre have registered the tensions between the individual and society engendered by modern life, as well as the struggle between 'us' and 'them' enacted in two world wars and their cold war aftermath. In fact, John G. Cawelti and Bruce A. Rosenberg suggest that the daily lives of contemporary people constantly re-enact the plight of the secret agent, who must move unceasingly back and forth between mutually incomprehensible domains of experience. While in the hands of a Graham Greene or a John le Carré, the traditional situations of espionage may provide ground for sophisticated psychological and cultural analysis, even the two-dimensional characters and stock plots of popular thrillers like the James Bond series can, as Umberto Eco has shown, provide a representation of the conflicts that underlie our society.
La vision photographique de 'Crouton'
Authors: Shek
Published: March 2013

Je suis vraiment touché par la présence dans ce numéro spécial de la University of Toronto Quarterly d'un choix de photos de mon ami de quarante ans, François Lafortune, dit 'Crouton,' de Québec. Bien que nous ne vous voyions que rarement et parlions au téléphone à peu près une fois par an, je garde toujours de lui un souvenir vivace, inoubliable.
Reviews
Authors: Clubbe John , Murray Heather , Weisman Karen , Jones Elizabeth , Keith  , Delpêche Bernard
Published: March 2013

Jane Jacobs, Systems of Survival: A Dialogue on the Moral Foundations of Commerce and Politics, reviewed by John Clubbe

Virginia Blain, Isobel Grundy, and Patricia Clements, eds., The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present, reviewed by Heather Murray

Richard Bourke, Romantic Discourse and Political Modernity: Wordsworth, the Intellectual and Cultual Critique, reviewed by Karen A. Weisman

Anne K. Mellor, Romanticism and Gender, reviewed by Elizabeth Jones

John Lennox, ed., Margaret Laurence—Al Purdy: A Friendship in Letters, reviewed by W. J. Keith

Lé-Franç Hoffmann, Haïti: lettres et l'être, reviewed by Bernard Delpê
Introduction: Art in the University of Toronto Collections
Authors: Legge Elizabeth
Published: March 2013

Choosing artworks to be exhibited at the opening of the University of Toronto Gallery in the University Art Centre in November 1996 was a perplexing task, since the University collections are wildly heterogeneous. In the end, I decided to capitalize on exactly that aspect of them, and to exhibit a dozen or so works that were, by and large, as different from one another as they could be. To situate the University's art (ordinarily dispersed throughout the campus) within the diversity of the University's intellectual life, I asked people associated with the University in various ways to write about a chosen work of art for the University of Toronto Quarterly. In one case, the portrait of John Graves Simcoe in the president's office in Simcoe Hall, it seemed appropriate to have someone write who could represent visitors to the university—so a professor from York University has made a contribution as well. The essays here have come out of this trawling of a range of disciplines and interests in art.
First Steps: Auntie Emily Lends a Hand
Authors: Frenkel Vera
Published: March 2013

When I arrived by sea as a child, my gateway into Canada was Quebec City, where it was announced to those on board that a wildcat plane and train strike required that we continue by water. And so the journey began that opened to me the astonishment of the St Lawrence River. What shocked me most, across the vast expanse of moving darkness, itself an unprecedented sight, were the massed trees on either shore, sombre even in morning sunshine. Only once since then, on another boat, waking suddenly to find hard by each porthole a towering wall of pale beige rock, have I experienced the dreamlike awe of that first journey into the continent.
Registration of Dy10‐DLC Wheat
Authors: Laudencia-Chingcuanco Debbie
Published: March 2013

Dy10‐DLC (Reg. No. GP‐964, PI 667096) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the USDA‐ARS at the Western Regional Research Center in Albany, CA. Dy10‐DLC was identified from an ethyl‐methanesulfonate‐mutagenized population of the elite hexaploid wheat cultivar Summit by screening M3 seeds for altered storage protein profiles using one‐dimensional SDS‐PAGE. Dy10‐DLC is distinct from the wild‐type progenitor line by the absence of the high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit (HMW‐GS) Dy10 protein. Examination by mixography of the effect of Dy10 protein deficiency on dough rheological properties showed shorter mixing time to reach peak resistance relative to the wild‐type control. The HMW‐GS proteins are major determinants of wheat dough processing qualities. The different alleles of the HMW‐GS genes in bread wheat vary in their effect on dough quality. Wheat lines deficient in the individual HMW‐GS will allow the determination of the contributions of each allele to dough quality.
The Role of Ghrelin in Neuroprotection after Ischemic Brain Injury
Authors: Spencer Sarah , Miller Alyson , Andrews Zane
Published: March 2013

Ghrelin, a gastrointestinal peptide with a major role in regulating feeding and metabolism, has recently been investigated for its neuroprotective effects. In this review we discuss pre-clinical evidence suggesting ghrelin may be a useful therapeutic in protecting the brain against injury after ischemic stroke. Specifically, we will discuss evidence showing ghrelin administration can improve neuronal cell survival in animal models of focal cerebral ischemia, as well as rescue memory deficits. We will also discuss its proposed mechanisms of action, including anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects, and suggest ghrelin treatment may be a useful intervention after stroke in the clinic.
Quand la garde d'enfants se mondialise
Authors: Ibos Caroline
Published: March 2013

Les services à la personne ou de soin à autrui ( care en anglais) ne cessent de se développer dans nos sociétés industrialisées, parallèlement au travail des femmes qui restent majoritairement en charge des tâches domestiques. Or ces services, notamment la garde d’enfants, contraignants et mal rémunérés, sont largement assurés par des femmes migrantes. On peut dès lors s’interroger sur les effets de cette mondialisation des services sur le Nord et le Sud, que l’on peut qualifier de chaînes du care mondialisés.
Ambiance raciste dans l'aide à domicile
Authors: Avril Christelle
Published: March 2013

Dans un des rares secteurs en expansion, celui de l’aide à domicile, l’emploi des salariées étrangères a doublé en dix ans. L’enquête menée dans une association de la banlieue parisienne et présentée ici met en évidence les pratiques discriminatoires à l’œuvre dans le recrutement et les conditions de travail de ces salariées. Elle montre aussi à quel point il est donné libre cours à l’expression des propos racistes.
Entrer, voir, dire, faire sortir
Authors: Rodier Claire
Published: March 2013

Les lieux d’enfermement des personnes étrangères en attente d’expulsion sont les nouvelles zones d’ombre de la République, des espaces de non-droit où des exactions sont commises. Les dénonciations des associations habilitées à y intervenir restent confidentielles et ignorées des pouvoirs publics. D’où la nécessité pour la société civile d’obtenir un droit de regard dans ces lieux. C’est tout le sens de la campagne « Open Access ».
Des prêtres français aux côtés des nationalistes algériens
Authors: Chapeu Sybille
Published: March 2013

Comme l’ensemble de la société française, les Églises chrétiennes sont divisées par la guerre d’Algérie. Certains prêtres, issus de la Mission de France, vont faire le choix, à rebours de l’épiscopat français, de soutenir l’indépendance et de s’impliquer aux côtés des militants du FLN. Au nom de leur conscience.
Monitoring Exercise Delivery to Increase Participation Adherence in Older Adults with Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Watson Elle , Yu Fang
Published: March 2013

There are many established benefits of exercise for older adults. Emerging studies suggest that it may even be able to slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in older adults with the disease. However, it is yet unknown how bedside nurses can monitor ongoing exercise participation in this population due to the complexity and impact of AD symptoms. The purpose of this study is to provide bedside nurses with tools to capture actual received exercise doses to ensure adequate exercise participation by older adults with AD. This study is a secondary data analysis of a master study in which 8 participants who were clinically diagnosed with AD participated in moderate intensity aerobic exercise for 10 to 45 minutes, three times per week, for 6 months. The results show that participants were able to meet the overall exercise prescription 74.3% of the time. The findings of this study suggest that bedside nurses are able to monitor the actual exercise delivery (frequency, intensity, and duration) to ensure exercise participation.
The Identification of the Potential of Game-based Learning in Vocational Education within the Context of the Project "Play the Learning Game"
Authors: Pauschenwein Jutta , Goldgruber Eva , Sfiri Anastasia
Published: March 2013

Game based-learning exploits the potential of ICT and games engage learners. The objectives of the European project â??Play the Learning Gameâ? are to spread and update the results of the â??Learning Game Portal â? to vocational education teachers and trainers. The 10 transnational partners develop and execute trainings, intend to disseminate the project contents as broadly as possible and promote a transnational discussion among teachers and trainers focusing on the exploitation of the educational potential of multimedia and videogames.

Blended learning workshops addressed to Austrian vocational education teachers and trainers are organised to make use of the Learning Game Portal and simultaneously test and describe the usefulness of the contents for their own teaching or training.
Utilizing Knowledge Management in Education: The Case of "The University of Jordan"
Authors: Rababah Osama M. , Al-Shboul Muhannad , AL Zaghoul Fawaz A
Published: March 2013

Knowledge as a result of processing the relevant information which is collection of raw data, facts, measurements, and statistics, requires sensitive management that leads educators and learners to increase concern for knowledge management, especially in the educational field.

This paper intends to present this proposed approach directly to the one of its main sources of creation; Education. After the introductory part, the paper presents the Knowledge Management in the context of â??The University of Jordanâ? emphasizing every components of knowledge management: people, process, and technology.

Then, the researchers will show the result of the survey which had been carried out on 140 students at The University of Jordan, the survey was about their perceptions regarding the utility and quality of knowledge they gained through their studying at The University of Jordan.
Impact of Immune Complex Size and Glycosylation on IgG Binding to Human FcγRs
Authors: Lux Anja , Yu Xiaojie , Scanlan Chris N. , Nimmerjahn Falk
Published: March 2013

IgG molecules are widely used as therapeutic agents either in the form of intact Abs or as Fc fusion proteins. Although efficient binding of the IgG Fc fragment to cellular FcγRs may be essential to achieve a high cytolytic activity, it may be advantageous for other applications to limit or abolish this interaction. Genetic or biochemical approaches have been used to generate these non–FcγR-binding IgG variants. By using soluble versions of FcγRs and monomeric versions of these altered IgG molecules, it was demonstrated that these IgG variants no longer bind to FcγRs. Importantly, however, these assays do not reflect the physiologic interaction of IgG with low-affinity cellular FcγRs occurring in the form of multimeric immune complexes. In this study, we investigated how the size of an immune complex can affect the interaction of normal and various versions of potentially non–FcγR-binding IgG variants with cellular FcγRs. We show that neither the D265A mutation nor EndoS treatment resulting in IgG molecules with only one N-acetylglucosamine and a fucose residue was fully able to abolish the interaction of all IgG subclasses with cellular FcγRs, suggesting that IgG subclass–specific strategies are essential to fully interfere with human FcγR binding.
Anti–GM-CSF Autoantibodies in Patients with Cryptococcal Meningitis
Authors: Rosen Lindsey B. , Freeman Alexandra F. , Yang Lauren M. , Jutivorakool Kamonwan , Olivier Kenneth N. , Angkasekwinai Nasikarn , Suputtamongkol Yupin , Bennett John E. , Pyrgos Vasilios , Williamson Peter R. , Ding Li , Holland Steven M. , Browne Sarah K.
Published: March 2013

Cryptococcal meningitis has been described in immunocompromised patients, as well as in those for whom no immune defect has been identified. GM-CSF regulates the function of phagocytes and pulmonary alveolar macrophages, critical elements in cryptococcal control. We performed clinical histories, immunological evaluation, and anticytokine autoantibody screening in four current patients with cryptococcal meningitis and identified and tested 103 archived plasma/cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with cryptococcal meningitis. We assessed the ability of anti–GM-CSF autoantibody–containing plasmas to inhibit GM-CSF signaling. We recognized anti–GM-CSF autoantibodies in an otherwise healthy female with cryptococcal meningitis who later developed pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). Her diagnosis prompted screening of patients with cryptococcal meningitis for anticytokine autoantibodies. We identified seven HIV-negative patients with cryptococcal meningitis who tested positive for high-titer anti–GM-CSF autoantibodies. Two of the seven later developed evidence of PAP. Plasma from all patients prevented GM-CSF–induced STAT5 phosphorylation and MIP-1α production in normal PBMCs. This effect was limited to their IgG fraction. Anti–GM-CSF autoantibodies are associated with some cases of cryptococcal meningitis in otherwise immunocompetent patients. These cases need not have associated PAP.
Changes in Plantar Loading Based on Shoe Type and Sex During a Jump-Landing Task
Authors: DeBiasio Justin C. , Russell Mary E. , Butler Robert J. , Nunley James A. , Queen Robin M.
Published: March 2013

Context:

Metatarsal stress fractures are common in cleated-sport athletes. Previous authors have shown that plantar loading varies with footwear, sex, and the athletic task.

Objective:

To examine the effects of shoe type and sex on plantar loading in the medial midfoot (MMF), lateral midfoot (LMF), medial forefoot (MFF), middle forefoot (MidFF), and lateral forefoot (LFF) during a jump-landing task.

Design:

Crossover study.

Setting:

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

Twenty-seven recreational athletes (14 men, 13 women) with no history of lower extremity injury in the last 6 months and no history of foot or ankle surgery.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

The athletes completed 7 jumping trials while wearing bladed-cleat, turf-cleat, and running shoes. Maximum force, contact area, contact time, and the force-time integral were analyzed in each foot region. We calculated 2 × 3 analyses of variance (α = .05) to identify shoe-condition and sex differences.

Results:

We found no shoe × sex interactions, but the MMF, LMF, MFF, and LFF force-time integrals were greater in men (P < .03). The MMF maximum force was less with the bladed-cleat shoes (P = .02). Total foot and MidFF maximum force was less with the running shoes (P < .01). The MFF and LFF maximum forces were different among all shoe conditions (P < .01). Total foot contact area was less in the bladed-cleat shoes (P = .01). The MMF contact area was greatest in the running shoes (P < .01). The LFF contact area was less in the running shoes (P = .03). The MFF and LFF force-time integrals were greater with the bladed-cleat shoes (P < .01). The MidFF force-time integral was less in the running shoes (P < .01).

Conclusions:

Independent of shoe, men and women loaded the foot differently during a jump landing. The bladed cleat increased forefoot loading, which may increase the risk for forefoot injury. The type of shoe should be considered when choosing footwear for athletes returning to activity after metatarsal stress fractures.
Association between Prevalence of Chloroquine Resistance and Unusual Mutation in pfmdr-I and pfcrt Genes in India
Authors: Das Sabyasachi , Chakraborty Subhankari Prasad , Hati Amiya Kumar , Roy Somenath
Published: March 2013

This study deals with the underlying causes of failure of chloroquine in the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum infection in some malaria-endemic regions of India. Samples were collected from 141 patients in Purulia from March of 2007 to April of 2008. In vitro drug susceptibility tests, parasitic DNA isolation followed by polymerase chain reaction, and restriction fragment-length polymorphisms of different codons of the pfcrt gene (76) and pfmdr-I genes (86, 1042, and 1246) were assessed. The responses of 141 patients to chloroquine were determined. Prevalence of double pfmdr-I (58.16%) mutation (86Y+1246Y) and some (14.89%) single pfcrt mutations with triple pfmdr-I mutation (76T+86Y+1042D+1246Y) were found. Interestingly, double pfmdr-I mutation (86Y and 1246Y codons) was observed with the early treatment failure cases. These results show, for the first time in India that in vitro chloroquine resistance and in vivo chloroquine treatment failure were caused by double pfmdr-I (P < 0.001) mutation.
A Cluster of Primary Pneumonic Plague Transmitted in a Truck Cab in a New Enzootic Focus in China
Authors: Luo Huiming , Dong Xingqi , Li Furong , Xie Xu , Song Zhizhong , Shao Zhujun , Li Zhongjie , Tong Zhaohui , Wang Guangfa , Zhang Hongtao , Yang Tielong , He Gao , He Zeyuan , Fontaine Robert E. , Zeng Guang
Published: March 2013

We investigated a cluster of five cases of severe pneumonia from one village in Yunnan Province, China. We searched for severe pneumonia in the village and hospitals. We interviewed patients and family members about exposures. We tested acute and convalescent sera for antigen and antibody of severe acute respiratory syndrome, avian influenza, and plague. The only common exposure of the five patients was riding together in the enclosed cab of a truck for 1.5 hours while taking the first patient to the hospital. Seroconversion to plague F1 antigen confirmed plague in three survivors. Unfamiliarity of clinicians with plague and lack of sputum examination, blood culture, or postmortem examination delayed the diagnosis. No plague cases occurred among family and village contacts and health care workers. High infectivity in this cluster was limited to a crowded, poorly ventilated truck.
The impact of sea-level rise on organic matter decay rates in Chesapeake Bay brackish tidal marshes
Authors: Kirwan M. L. , Langley J. A. , Guntenspergen G. R. , Megonigal J. P.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. The balance between organic matter production and decay determines how fast coastal wetlands accumulate soil organic matter. Despite the importance of soil organic matter accumulation rates in influencing marsh elevation and resistance to sea-level rise, relatively little is known about how decomposition rates will respond to sea-level rise. Here, we estimate the sensitivity of decomposition to flooding by measuring rates of decay in 87 bags filled with milled sedge peat, including soil organic matter, roots and rhizomes. Experiments were located in field-based mesocosms along 3 mesohaline tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay. Mesocosm elevations were manipulated to influence the duration of tidal inundation. Although we found no significant influence of inundation on decay rate when bags from all study sites were analyzed together, decay rates at two of the sites increased with greater flooding. These findings suggest that flooding may enhance organic matter decay rates even in water-logged soils, but that the overall influence of flooding is minor. Our experiments suggest that sea-level rise will not accelerate rates of peat accumulation by slowing the rate of soil organic matter decay. Consequently, marshes will require enhanced organic matter productivity or mineral sediment deposition to survive accelerating sea-level rise.
Visual ethnography for performative geographies: how women politicians perform identities on Ecuadorian political stages
Authors: Schurr C.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. While there has been intense discussion of the theories of performativity in human geography, little has been said about the methodological implications of the performative turn. This paper suggests visual ethnography as a suitable methodology for performative geographies, since it focuses explicitly on the embodied and non-textual performances that bring both subjectivities and spatialities into being. In order to be able to connect the observed performances with performativity, a visual ethnography of performativity needs to be developed that combines visual research methods with insights about visual culture. By drawing on a visual ethnographic case study of politicians' identity performances in Ecuador, I show in the empirical section of this paper how the filmed identity performances can be linked and contrasted to hegemonic discourses around masculinity, femininity, whiteness, and indigenousness represented in Ecuador's visual culture. This visual ethnography reveals the ambivalence of their identity performances in which the politicians are constantly torn between responding to and simultaneously resisting hegemonic discourses around the masculinity and whiteness of the political.
Large scale snow water status monitoring: comparison of different snow water products in the upper Colorado basins
Authors: Artan G. A. , Verdin J. P. , Lietzow R.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. We illustrate the ability to monitor the status of snowpack over large areas by using a~spatially distributed snow accumulation and ablation model in the Upper Colorado Basin. The model was forced with precipitation fields from the National Weather Service (NWS) Multi-sensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE) and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) datasets; remaining meteorological model input data was from NOAA's Global Forecast System (GFS) model output fields. The simulated snow water equivalent (SWE) was compared to SWEs from the Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) and SNOwpack TELemetry system (SNOTEL) over a~region of the Western United States that covers parts of the Upper Colorado Basin. We also compared the SWE product estimated from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) and Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) to the SNODAS and SNOTEL SWE datasets. Agreement between the spatial distribution of the simulated SWE with both SNODAS and SNOTEL was high for the two model runs for the entire snow accumulation period. Model-simulated SWEs, both with MPE and TRMM, were significantly correlated spatially on average with the SNODAS (r = 0.81 and r = 0.54; d.f. = 543) and the SNOTEL SWE (r = 0.85 and r = 0.55; d.f. = 543), when monthly basinwide simulated average SWE the correlation was also highly significant (r = 0.95 and r = 0.73; d.f. = 12). The SWE estimated from the passive microwave imagery was not correlated either with the SNODAS SWE or (r = 0.14, d.f. = 7) SNOTEL-reported SWE values (r = 0.08, d.f. = 7). The agreement between modeled SWE and the SWE recorded by SNODAS and SNOTEL weakened during the snowmelt period due to an underestimation bias of the air temperature that was used as model input forcing.
Statistical analysis and modelling of surface runoff from arable fields
Authors: Fiener P. , Auerswald K. , Winter F. , Disse M.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Surface runoff generation on arable fields is an important driver of (local) flooding, on-site and off-site damages by erosion, and of nutrient and agrochemical transport. In general, three different processes generate surface runoff (Hortonian runoff, saturation excess runoff, and return of subsurface flow). Despite the developments in our understanding of these processes it remains difficult to predict, which processes govern runoff generation during the course of an event or throughout the year, when soil and vegetation on arable land are passing many states. We analysed the results from 317 rainfall simulations with a resolution of 14286 runoff measurements to determine temporal and spatial differences in parameters governing surface runoff, and to derive and test a statistical model of surface runoff generation independent from an a priori selection of modelled processes types. Measured runoff was related to 20 time-invariant soil properties, three variable soil properties, four rain properties, three land use properties and many derived variables describing interactions and curvilinear behaviour. In an iterative multiple regression procedure, six of these properties/variables best described initial abstraction and the hydrograph. To estimate initial abstraction, a percentage of stone cover above 10% and of sand content in the bulk soil were needed, while the hydrograph could be predicted best from rain depth exceeding initial abstraction, rainfall intensity, soil organic carbon content, and time since last tillage. Combining the multiple regressions to estimate initial abstraction and surface runoff allowed modelling of event-specific hydrographs without an a priori assumption of the underlying process. The statistical model described the measured data well and performed equally well during validation. In both cases, the model explained 71 and 58% of variability in runoff volume and runoff rate (RSME: 5.2 mm and 0.23 mm min−1, respectively). Stone cover was most important for the initial abstraction while time since tillage was most important for the hydrograph. The latter variable is neither taken into account in typical lumped hydrological models (e.g. SCS CN approach) nor in more mechanistic models using Horton, Green and Ampt or Philips type approaches to address infiltration. This finding should foster a discussion regarding our ability to predict surface runoff from arable land, which seemed to be dominated by agricultural operations that introduce man-made seasonality in soil hydraulic properties.
Estudo histológico da cicatrização de feridas cutâneas utilizando o leite colostro
Authors: Nunes Jefferson Torres , Araújo Karinne Sousa de , Melo Neto Prisco Medeiros de
Published: March 2013

Introdução: O leite colostro é produzido após o parto e é usado na medicina popular na inflamação e cicatrização de tecidos. Objetivo: Analisar a cicatrização de feridas cutâneas tratadas com leite colostro. Métodos: Utilizaram-se 45 ratos Wistar. Confeccionou-se uma ferida de 2 cm de diâmetro no dorso dos animais, os quais, em seguida, foram distribuídos em dois grupos. A ferida dos ratos do grupo I foi tratada com solução salina 0,9%; e a dos animais do grupo II, com o leite colostro. Após a eutanásia, em quatro, sete e quatorze dias pós-cirurgia, as amostras de pele foram submetidas à análise histológica. Resultados: O grupo tratado com colostro apresentou formação de tecido de granulação mais maduro, com maior deposição de colágeno, reepitelização parcial da área da ferida e aceleração do processo inflamatório, quando comparado ao tratado com solução salina. Conclusão: O leite colostro otimizou o processo de reparação de feridas cutâneas experimentais.
Influência da laserterapia associada ao alongamento passivo sobre o músculo isquiotibial
Authors: Cintra Candida Maria Felipe Velozo , Nicolau Renata Amadei , Paula Júnior Alderico Rodrigues de , Uchôa Silvana Maria de Macêdo , Veiga Paulo Henrique Altran
Published: March 2013

Introdução: A laserterapia tem sido reportada por seus efeitos sobre o sistema neuromuscular. Objetivo: O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar a influência da laserterapia associada ao alongamento passivo de músculo isquiotibial em indivíduos saudáveis. Método: Trinta e uma voluntárias foram divididas nos quatro seguintes grupos: controle (C), alongamento (AL), alongamento e placebo laser (LP+AL) e alongamento e laser (L+AL). Os grupos, exceto o controle, realizaram nove sessões de alongamento passivo. O grupo L+AL recebeu irradiação no trajeto do músculo isquiotibial, previamente às sessões de alongamento (GaAlAs, 830 nm, 30 mW, 6 J/cm2, 26 segundos). Foram avaliadas a flexibilidade (goniometria) e a atividade muscular (eletromiografia de superfície). Resultados: O alongamento passivo, associada à laserterapia, promoveu aumento significativo da flexibilidade (p>0,014) e da atividade muscular (p
Programa de exercício físico na redução do risco cardiovascular em diabéticos tipo 2
Authors: Cruz Pedro Weldes da Silva , Buarque Laísa Kalil , Lima Gabriela Do Nascimento , Nobre Isabele Góes , Queiroz Stevia Lira , Ferreira Moacir De Novaes Lima , Vancea Denise Maria Martins
Published: March 2013

Introdução: Indivíduos com Diabetes Tipo 2 (DM2) apresentam chances de mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares três vezes maior que a população em geral. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito de um programa de exercício físico na redução do risco cardiovascular em DM2. Métodos: Foram avaliados 26 indivíduos com DM2, divididos em dois grupos: Grupo Controle (GC:n=17) e Grupo Intervenção (G5:n=9). O Programa de Exercício Físico Supervisionado (PEFS) foi realizado na sessão de fisiologia respiratória da Unifesp e supervisionado por professores de Educação Física. A avaliação do risco cardiovascular foi realizada por meio da medida da circunferência da cintura (CC), IMC e % Gordura (%G). Para análise estatística, utilizaram-se os testes de Wilcoxon e Kruskal Wallis com p≤0,05. Resultados: O GC apresentou aumento da CC, IMC e %G após 20 semanas de treinamento, enquanto o G5 mostrou redução dessas variáveis. Conclusão: Fica claro, para essa amostra, que um PEFS, pode diminuir o risco cardiovascular em DM2.
Crioterapia com e sem bandagem úmida na adiposidade localizada de mulheres jovens
Authors: Machado Aline Fernanda Perez , Schwartz Juliano , Ribeiro Sandra Maria Lima , Tacani Pascale Mutti , Tacani Rogério Eduardo , Liebano Richard Eloin
Published: March 2013

Introdução: A adiposidade localizada ocorre por mudanças na distribuição do tecido adiposo e anormalidades metabólicas. Objetivos: Verificar o efeito da técnica de crioterapia à base de gel canforado e mentol utilizada isoladamente e com bandagem úmida, na adiposidade localizada de mulheres jovens. Métodos: Foram selecionadas 33 mulheres jovens com adiposidades localizadas. As voluntárias foram randomizadas em três grupos: gel sem bandagem úmida (GG=11), gel com bandagem úmida (GGB=11) e gel placebo (GGP=11). Foram realizados anamnese, exame físico, avaliação da composição e da imagem corporal. Resultados: Observou-se que apenas o GG obteve diminuição estatisticamente significante na perimetria de coxa distal. Conclusões: A técnica de crioterapia à base de gel canforado e mentol, utilizada isoladamente, foi eficaz na diminuição da perimetria de coxa distal apenas, e com bandagem úmida não alterou a adiposidade localizada de mulheres jovens.
Análise da aderência e da permanência de longevos em programas de atividade física
Authors: Lopes Marize Amorim , Krug Rodrigo De Rosso , Marchesan Moane , Mazo Giovana Zarpellon
Published: March 2013

Objetivo: Analisar os motivos de aderência e permanência de idosos longevos em programas de atividades físicas. Método: Participaram, neste estudo, 87 idosos com 80 anos ou mais de idade, integrantes de grupos de convivência de Florianópolis (SC). Aplicou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada interpretada pela análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Os motivos de aderência em programas de atividades física foram: promoção/manutenção da saúde, prazer pela atividade física, indicação médica, indicação/incentivo de amigos/familiares/profissionais, socialização, manter-se ativo, ter ocupação/diversão, sentir-se bem e estética. Os motivos de permanência foram: promoção/manutenção da saúde, prazer pela prática, socialização, sentir-se bem, manter-se ativo, bons profissionais e indicação médica. Conclusão: Os principais fatores que motivam os longevos a aderirem e a permanecerem nos programas de atividades físicas estão atrelados à percepção da saúde e aos fatores psicossociais. O conhecimento desses fatores possibilita intervenções que auxiliam na permanência dos idosos nestes programas por um tempo prolongado.
Treinamento da função bilateral de membros superiores em indivíduo com hemiparesia – estudo de caso
Authors: Farias Nayara Corrêa , Michaelsen Stella Maris , Rodrigues Leticia Cardoso
Published: March 2013

Introdução: O movimento bilateral dos membros superiores (MMSS) promove a reorganização do movimento normal através do hemisfério contralateral à lesão e mostra-se favorável na recuperação funcional na hemiparesia. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do treinamento bilateral intensivo na recuperação dos MMSS no indivíduo com hemiparesia crônica de comprometimento moderado. Métodos: Realizaram-se quatro avaliações, duas pré e duas pós-treinamento, utilizando Teste de Função Bilateral de Membros Superiores (TEBIM), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), Escala de Fugl-Meyer e Motor Activity Log (MAL). O treinamento bilateral foi realizado em dez sessões de 60 minutos, durante duas semanas. Resultados: No TEBIM, houve melhora no desempenho final, de classificação insatisfatória para regular; no WMFT houve mudanças apenas em três tarefas; na MAL houve mudanças para na qualidade do movimento. Conclusão: Acredita-se que uma melhor detecção da função bilateral dos MMSS em hemiparéticos seja obtida usando instrumentos mais sensíveis de avaliação bilateral.
Influência de diferentes calçados na postura e na atividade dos músculos do tronco
Authors: Morais Priscilla Alencar de Oliveira , Dantas Milla Gabriela Belarmino , Pinotti Marcos , Pitangui Ana Carolina Rodarti , Araújo Rodrigo Cappato de
Published: March 2013

Introdução: O uso do salto alto tem sido cada vez mais frequente no cotidiano das mulheres. Objetivo: Investigar o comportamento dos músculos do tronco e as alterações posturais causadas pela utilização de diferentes tipos de calçados. Métodos: Vinte mulheres foram fotografadas em posição ortostática em diferentes situações: descalças, com tênis e com salto alto. As voluntárias também realizaram outras duas tarefas: manter os ombros flexionados a 45 e a 90 graus. Avaliaram-se a postura e a atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos multífido, iliocostal, reto abdominal e transverso abdominal. Resultados: A comparação dos diferentes tipos de calçados não mostrou diferenças estatísticas. Entretanto, ao comparar as diferentes tarefas de membro superior verificou-se alteração na atividade dos músculos eretores da coluna e dos ângulos de cabeça, cervical e tórax. Conclusão: O uso de calçados de salto alto não altera a postura e a atividade dos músculos estabilizadores da coluna lombar durante a posição ortostática.
Registro de ensaio clínico número: ACTRN12610000470099.
Validação do software Inkscape como instrumento de avaliação postural
Authors: Ribeiro Carla Renata dos Santos , De Oliveira Ana Izabela Sobral , Santos Tais Cardoso , Carvalho Elyson Adam Nunes , Bonjardim Leonardo Rigoldi , Ferreira Ana Paula de Lima
Published: March 2013

Introdução: A biofotometria é uma importante ferramenta de avaliação postural disponível para o fisioterapeuta. Objetivo: Verificar a confiabilidade do uso do software Inkscape como instrumento de Avaliação postural. Métodos: Participaram 30 indivíduos de ambos os gêneros, faixa etária de 18 a 25 anos. . Cópias dos registros fotográficos foram avaliadas por três examinadores cegos. Resultados: Os testes de confiabilidade intraobservador (repetibilidade) e interobservador (reprodutibilidade) dos ângulos cervicais analisados pelos três avaliadores demonstraram alta confiabilidade para o software Inkscape com coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI), respectivamente entre 90% e 99%; 95% e 99%. A análise de variância não revelou diferença estatísticamente significante entre os ângulos dos dois softwares (p>0,05). Conclusão: Os resultados apontam que o software Inkscape é uma ferramenta confiável para avaliação das medidas angulares da coluna cervical.