bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating the bank enterprise risk management function of the future
Authors: Helbekkmo Hans , Levy Cindy , White Olivia
Published: July 2024

Banks today face an unprecedented pace of change and high uncertainty, dealing with significant threats ranging from bad employee behaviours to sophisticated cybercrime, trade wars and climate change. These trends severely challenge the formulaic approaches to enterprise risk management (ERM) in place at many banks today. McKinsey & Company’s work supporting leading global banks shows that ERM functions must transform themselves, so they can guide their institutions through threats and opportunities while simultaneously meeting the expectations of all stakeholders. This paper discusses the abilities that the ERM function of the future will need, across three dimensions:

Delimiting the bank’s appetite for risk taking: supporting banks to set limits on risk taking dynamically, accounting for the institution’s values, strategy, skills and competition.
Detecting new risks and weaknesses in controls: working with businesses and functions in an agile way to understand new threats and changes to existing ones.
Deciding on the risk management approach: implementing more agile governance processes and approaches to risk mitigation and controls.

Enhancing these abilities requires ERM to take four steps:

Define its own vision and mandate for creating value for the bank.
Shift its ways of working in core areas, with an agile approach that applies cross-functional teams and rapid decision making.
Set its responsibilities beyond the core in areas of risk management that benefit from transparency and coordination with businesses and functions.
Ensure the right ERM talent, with new capabilities and knowledge, including a better understanding of the business, digital innovations and agile management.
Google’s algorithm undergoes enormous shifts to prioritise content focused on expertise, authoritativeness and trustworthiness
Authors: Ray Lily
Published: July 2024

While Google updates its algorithm hundreds of times per year, the 1st August, 2018 update, and subsequent related updates, were significant both in their scale as well as which websites they affected. These algorithm updates particularly affected websites providing content in the category Google calls ‘Your Money Your Life’ (YMYL) — medical, legal, financial, e-commerce and other websites that can significantly impact the happiness and health of its users. The algorithm updates rolled out shortly after Google updated its Search Quality Guidelines, a document Google uses to train human quality reviewers who help benchmark the quality of Google’s results and whose feedback informs updates to Google’s algorithms. In this updated document, Google emphasised the importance of expertise, authoritativeness and trustworthiness (E-A-T) of the content creators and brands behind YMYL websites. Google’s new criteria established the need for these websites to emphasise who their authors are and why they should be trusted to write about those topics. This paper looks at historical SEO performance to analyse the role E-A-T may have played in organic traffic patterns after the late 2018 and early 2019 Google algorithm updates.
Bringing corporate real estate business models into the 21st century
Authors: Wales Phil
Published: July 2024

Corporate real estate (CRE) groups are experiencing a transformation in the way they conduct business and are increasingly finding that ongoing success depends on changing their business model from the traditional mode to one more attuned to the 21st-century business environment. That change is being accomplished through various factors which are not necessarily new but produce an innovative result when deployed together. Beginning with defining (or re-defining) their business, these groups must approach their overall service delivery using a customer-centric business model with a clearly defined mission, objectives, business strategy and even a marketing plan. Adhering to the saying that ‘If it's not measured, it's not done’, they must put in place a clear set of performance metrics and give serious consideration to using a balanced scorecard. They must make an assessment of their operating model (including the organisational structure and outsourcing programme) and implement cross-functional best practice processes with a prime focus on eliminating ‘silos’. Finally, they must deploy the right infrastructure to support their operations by addressing such issues as technology and change management. Through these detailed planning and action steps, CRE groups can successfully achieve a new 21st-century business model that best supports their clients while enhancing their own value proposition.
Are your brand-building efforts really working? A new analytical approach for assessing and growing your brand
Authors: Seale Emiko
Published: July 2024

Despite the proliferation of data and new technologies over the past several decades, brands remain challenged with finding comprehensive and data-driven solutions for measuring and improving brand health. By combining analytical concepts developed in the last century around consumer loyalty with currently available data and technology, marketers can more precisely define and measure brand health as well as grow loyalty over time with targeting strategies that drive short-term returns. This approach, anchored in levels of loyalty, provides an alternative to the traditional brand purchase funnel in orienting brand-building strategies and offers marketers new opportunities for assessing and ensuring brand performance in this post-pandemic climate of shifting consumer needs and uncertain macroenvironmental dynamics.
From marketing to neuromarketing: Ethical considerations
Authors: Garofalo Caterina , Gallucci Francesco
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses the emerging field of neuroethics – broadly speaking, the ethical and social issues raised by advances in neuroscience – in the context of neuromarketing. The paper explains how the field is strongly influenced by current events and cultural consciousness. The authors build on the opinions proposed by some scholars, highlighting key considerations, starting with respect for privacy, transparency and, most urgently, the need to place the consumer at the centre of any business strategy and any project development.
Governance and remuneration under the Investment Firm Regulation and Directive
Authors: Morrey David , Ma Anthony
Published: July 2024

The proposed Investment Firm Regulation and Directive (IFR/IFD) are currently going through the legislative process. The overall policy direction is to make the current prudential regime for investment in Europe more proportionate and risk-responsive. But, as this paper will argue, despite the wholesale changes in the capital calculation method, policymakers remain reluctant in relaxing the rules on governance and remuneration. This is perhaps due to the continuing concerns about weak governance, especially with respect to risk management and excessive executive pay. The risks to the financial system and customers, caused by excessive risk behaviour and inappropriate incentive schemes, mean that it is difficult for regulators to give an inch in this space. Nevertheless, small and non-interconnected firms will benefit from the easing of regulation, although it is believed that not a large number of investment firms in the UK fall in this category. Better news is that the regime will not apply the bankers’ bonus cap rule. This paper will analyse the details of these governance and remuneration rules, and consider their interaction with other regimes (eg Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II, Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive) and what are the likely supervisory implications in the UK, assuming the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) will implement this regime, post-Brexit.
Case study: Emergency response to a supercell storm at the Australian National University
Authors: Meehan Bart
Published: July 2024

At 9.30pm on 28th February, 2007, a supercell storm hit Canberra, causing major damage to the city and the Australian National University, which has its main campus located on the western fringe of the city centre. As a consequence, the university was closed for five days, while the buildings were checked for structural/electrical damage caused by hailstones and flooding. This paper provides a case study on the emergency management strategy employed by the university in response to damage caused to campus facilities and consequent disruption to academic activities. It focuses on the immediate response, with particular emphasis on organisational arrangements and communications. While the response strategy was largely effective, several gaps in procedures were identified, including broadcast communications to the campus community, controlling access to ‘closed’ buildings and managing the impact of the campus closure on new students in residential halls.
Airport management in Japan: Any lessons learnt from the UK?
Authors: Graham Anne , Saito Shinichi , Nomura Munenori
Published: July 2024

The aim of this paper is to examine the possible involvement of private sector airport management in Japan, particularly at Kansai Airport. A comparison is undertaken with the UK airport industry, as some parallels can be drawn with this country around the 1990s when it went through a period of aviation liberalisation and privatisation of its airports. The findings suggest that private sector involvement in Japan has the potential to be successful, arguably as in the UK, and may help overcome certain problems facing Japanese airports, especially those associated with the funding system and lack of integrated airport management models. Financial problems at the airports, however, and especially the huge debt at Kansai, are likely to make it challenging to attract the private sector investors that are needed.
Monitoring the operational risk environment effectively
Authors: Breden David
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the current status of operational risk management practice in financial institutions. It begins by describing the features that distinguish operational risk from other types of risk. It then goes on to describe the key elements in today’s market of a forward-looking, proactice, operational risk management framework.
The impact of SEPA on domestic markets and the future for emerging pan-European infrastructures
Authors: Schuck Manfred , Syrbe Benjamin
Published: July 2024

With the start of the single euro payments area (SEPA) with the SEPA Credit Transfer (SCT) recently, the currently ongoing process of transposition of the Payments Services Directive (PSD) into national law and the SEPA Direct Debit (SDD) shortly being introduced in all 31 participating countries, many questions regarding the future of the European payments landscape seem still to be unanswered. Without a doubt, SEPA will have a tremendous impact on all national payment markets; yet, nobody can for sure predict today which effects the markets will see precisely. Both large pillars of the electronic payment business — giro payments (consisting of clearing and settlement as well as back-office processing) and card payments (consisting of acquiring and issuing activities) — will experience different developments in the years to come. Moreover, with the current national fragmentation and the differing stages of maturity that each national market has reached, every national market will undertake its own journey with its own timeline towards the migration to a truly single European payments market. A closer look on the current status and possible scenarios for ten European countries — including the five largest — that represent each region, market size and maturity stage might help to bring more clarity on the impact of SEPA.
Large-scale events and sustainable urban regeneration: Key principles for host cities
Authors: Smith Andrew
Published: July 2024

Hosting large-scale events is often justified by the envisaged regeneration benefits. This paper explores the merits of events as regeneration tools, before providing recommendations for future host cities about how best to maximise opportunities for sustainable regeneration. Large-scale events are often represented as the epitome of 'top-down' approaches to regeneration, but ideas are suggested here that can allow events to assist a diverse range of target beneficiaries at the neighbourhood level. The paper concludes that cities should try to follow ten generic principles to maximise the regeneration legacy of events, but that they also need to think about which events, or which portfolio of events, would be most likely to assist their regeneration objectives.
Zero trust in an all too trusting world
Authors: Caron Gerald
Published: July 2024

The traditional network model used the moat and castle defence, a clearly defined perimeter whereby everything outside your network is untrusted, but everything inside is trusted. The issue with the traditional model is that when a bad actor is able to obtain access to get past the outside walls, there is nothing of significance left to protect the internal network. With a zero trust network model, the protections do not stop at the perimeter, because the model assumes the adversary is eventually going to breach the walls and therefore treats all communications as untrusted. Within a zero trust network the key criteria are what the data is, where the data is located, and who should access the data. The premise of zero trust is built on strong identities, authentication, trusted endpoints, network segmentation, access controls, and user and system attribution to protect and regulate access to sensitive data and systems.
The proportionality between trade secret and privacy protection: How to strike the right balance when designing generative AI tools
Authors: Popowicz-Pazdej Anna
Published: July 2024

Conflict between the right to privacy and data protection and the right to protect trade secrets must be regarded as more or less inevitable. The balancing of different rights is an issue of fundamental importance in data protection and privacy. Navigating the spectrum between the protection of technological development and the protection of fundamental rights is crucial to ensure safer implementation of generative AI tools. The proportionality principle serves as a globally recognised legal instrument to resolve the existing conflicts of fundamental rights. This poses the question of whether there is a need to reevaluate the balance between the disclosure of technical aspects and privacy and data protection rights and related obligations imposed on privacy engineers when developing generative AI tools. The concept of the proportionality principle, which is composed of the test of necessity, suitability and proportionality `sensu stricto`, can address the most vital tensions or interactions between these rights (especially when supported by the application of the appropriate legal framework). Therefore, this paper contributes not only to the discussion of a balanced approach when implementing AI tools, but also presents some general considerations for the global, regional and country-specific legal regulations (including different types of regulations and modes of enforcement when taking into account some technical aspects of the AI tools) within artificial intelligence that can support achieving this aim. To this end, this paper could be of value not only for lawmakers and developers of generative AI systems, but equally for practitioners, including law firms, to navigate the complex ethical and regulatory landscape in a thoughtful and cautious way.
Zero emission airport development: Economically and environmentally viable
Authors: Hvoslef Stig , Salvesen Lars Birger
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses regional development for zero emission transport in the Oslo region, and shows why this region today has the highest density of electric vehicles in the world, and why the number of electric cars is growing exponentially. It further explains why the region is particularly well suited for the early introduction of fuel cell electric vehicles. A joint strategy for hydrogen-based transport is presented, with the aim of getting 10,000 fuel cell cars on the road by 2025. Cooperation with Oslo Airport (OSL) with its 2020 goal for fossil-free transport is considered as important for the realisation of the strategy. A concept study recommends early hydrogen introduction at the airport, both airside and landside. OSL acquired a fuel cell car in 2014 and, in partnership with Akershus County Council, will this summer help set up a hydrogen refuelling station close to the airport.
The seven highly effective strategies to survive in the open banking world
Authors: Bahri Germain , Lobo Tabitha
Published: July 2024

While open banking is expected to accelerate the pace of disruption and has brought a wealth of new opportunities for banks to better understand their customers and offer value-added services, changing customer behaviour and increased competitive offerings by new entrants are pushing them to look beyond their traditional territory. Embracing application programming interfaces (APIs) that enable them to plug-and-play in the digital business ecosystem is only one of the many ways in which banks can compete. This paper discusses, identifies and illustrates some of the most common strategies and business model archetypes banks can adopt to move beyond the required APIs and remain relevant in the years to come. The different business models portrayed in this paper encourage banks to consider the following strategies: the augment model, the migrate model, the platform model, the greenfield model, the marketplace model, the merger and acquisition and the banking-as-a-service model. Every bank will need to question its identity and central focus to select its most suitable strategy.
Strategic target marketing considerations and implications for the US Hispanic market
Authors: Hughes Mine Üçok , Stovall Tony , Pehlivan Ekin , Cardona Rafael
Published: July 2024

Hispanics, a highly diverse population in terms of geographical origin, education level and language usage, are the fastest-growing ethnic segment in the USA. Despite their growing economic power and cultural significance in the US marketplace, marketers are yet to address this market properly. Utilising both secondary data and interviews with advertising/marketing industry experts targeting Hispanics, this paper presents an application of the strategic marketing process that takes into account the multiplicity of cultural factors influencing the success of targeted marketing campaigns. The paper provides tactical implementations to execute a multi-cultural marketing strategy. Examples from successful digital campaigns targeting a variety of Hispanic populations in the USA are provided as Hispanics over-index in digital technology usage especially in the mobile category. A brief section on managerial implications for marketing practitioners is provided as well.
Find the shared interest: A route to community activation and brand building
Authors: Aaker David
Published: July 2024

A digital marketing programme designed to communicate a firm or brand will not in most cases get traction. Instead, it is better to find the customer's sweet spot, discover what customers are interested in — or even passionate about — and make the brand a partner with this ‘shared interest’. Such a shared interest can activate customers and create a community. The result can elevate a brand by creating energy; enhancing likeability and credibility; and forming a relationship. The programme can be integrated into an offering, linked to the brand, or a stand-alone sponsorship. If a shared-interest programme cannot realistically get traction, an option is to attach to an existing programme.
Development for whom? Reimagining urban development in Colombo, Sri Lanka
Authors: Godamunne Nayana
Published: July 2024

Across the globe urban landscapes are being reshaped. Cities are being re-created to provide better housing, traffic flow, and shopping and recreational experiences. In Sri Lanka, post-war ‘development’ is reshaping Colombo, the capital city, to attract new capital for economic growth, which is underpinned by idealised images of a sanitised, safe and orderly city. It is thus cleansed of the old ‘undesirables’ — settlements and informal trading displaced to make way for new capital in redeveloping and upgrading to a ‘world class’ city, in which land and housing becomes increasingly unaffordable for the majority. While recognising that developing the city is indeed a potential engine of economic growth and a lever of social transformation, how does one reimagine the city in order to construct processes that generate as well as distribute the city’s wealth? To engage with the question, the Centre for Poverty Analysis hosted a symposium in December 2012 on ‘Reimaging Development in Colombo’. This paper will draw out the main issues discussed, which highlighted the increasing disparities of wealth and opportunity and the necessity for spatial equity in access to land and housing to ensure more inclusive urban development.
Solving the legacy technology conundrum: Successful strategies for back-office transformation
Authors: Maxfield James
Published: July 2024

The challenges of post-trade cost have persisted for over a decade, as the aftermath of the 2008 crisis led to a fundamental restructuring of the capital markets industry. This restructuring impacted all of the post-trade value chain, with banks looking to reduce in-house TCO (total cost of operations), custodians pressured to reduce margins and emerging vendors looking to deliver innovation in response. But the cost journey that banks have taken still leaves many with a back-office infrastructure that limits innovation — be that through time to market for product enhancement or the limited ability to leverage emerging technology — effectively leaving them between a rock and a hard place. Overlaying the additional cost of regulations onto this infrastructure has meant that for most, success has only been running to stand still — offsetting this incremental cost through traditional cost levers such as delayering or offshoring. Against this backdrop of industry restructuring, however, the costs of production continue to be significant across the back office. Out of an estimated end-toend cost base of US$700bn, the capital markets industry spent over US$130bn on asset servicing alone (in areas such as settlement, clearing, reconciliation, corporate actions) in 2017,1 which appears unsustainable against a macro backdrop of ongoing cost pressure. This pressure is not just focused on the corporate and investment banks (CIBs) — whose cost challenges are well publicised as a segment — but all through the value chain as the buy side also comes under increasing pressure on margins. So although running to stand still may have been a focus in the past, it will not be enough to futureproof business models into the next decade. To survive in the future, capital markets organisations will have to ultimately address this cost of inefficiency and, having largely exhausted traditional cost levers, can only succeed through technology-led transformation. This paper will explore strategies for successful technology transformation across the back-office environment and how organisations should respond to the challenge.
The impact of Blockchain on the transaction banking business model
Authors: Finken Silke , Finkemeyer Dirk
Published: July 2024

This paper analyses the impact of distributed ledger technology (DLT) on various areas of transaction banking (TxB), identifies the most promising use cases and discusses the impact on banks’ business models. By means of both a theoretical analysis as well as expert interviews using a variation of the Delphi approach, a number of potential use cases and their relative importance are evaluated. The most promising use cases identified were the utilisation of DLT for internal systems among disparate entities, securities settlement, cross-border payments, remittances, trade and supply chain finance and regulatory compliance. The impact on banks’ business models depends on the role that banks play in the ecosystem. If banks build or control their own private ledgers, DLT-based applications can significantly increase efficiency and reduce transaction cost and times for banks and, therefore indirectly, their customers. If other players build up exclusive private ledgers without banks, banks face a significant threat of disintermediation and high business model impact. Finally, while not likely in the near future, the possibility exists that overarching public ledgers with various participants will emerge. These would not necessarily disintermediate banks but rather provide a significant opportunity for new business models, forcing banks to adjust to these changes.
Tactics to enrich customer data for higher return on e-mail marketing investment
Authors: Joshi Parinda
Published: July 2024

This paper emphasises the importance of a cleansed, standardised and enriched customer database to drive marketing campaigns effectively and outlines various tactics to achieve just that. It touches upon the customer data life cycle and what data trajectories companies should have to gain competitive advantage.
Smart operational technologies programming for whole-building decarbonisation
Authors: Stevenson Craig E. , Walker Donald L. , Macmahon Michael J.
Published: July 2024

Have you ever finished designing a new building and wondered what technologies are specified for the building? When using delegated design for building technologies, is the scope clearly defined or is it left to the vendor to decide? If you do not know the answers to these questions — or worse, you say to yourself, ‘my vendor has that’ — this paper is for you. Regardless of project delivery, if building owners want to democratise their building data, take advantage of digital twin technologies and advanced data layer capabilities and operate their buildings at the highest possible levels of performance, they must take control of their building’s operational technologies (OTs). Delegated design of OTs is typically the root cause of building owners not controlling or owning their building performance data. This paper is intended to provide building owners with the basic framework for OT programming, which is the only way to ensure ownership and control over building performance data. Our previous Corporate Real Estate Journal paper from Vol. 12, No. 3, Spring 2023 titled ‘Integration of building science and data science to de-risk an affordable strategy for building decarbonisation’ provides a higher-level view of the benefits from the integration of OTs. The convergence of global challenges requires building owners to address building performance as performance is now expected by owners, investors, occupants and governments. Merging building science and data science is the most cost-effective way to deliver expected building performance over the life of a building. Smart building infrastructure technology democratises building data and is the key to cost-effectively controlling building performance. Data is the new gold and smart operational technology programming is the new shovel.
Real estate’s digital transformation: Pragmatic disruption
Authors: Huang Tama , Dermody Vincent , Wenzel Naseem
Published: July 2024

Across the spectrum of CRE facilities, numerous disruptors are shifting the landscape — influencing how, when and where people choose to do their work and forcing corporations to rethink the size, location and configuration of the modern workspace. CRE can easily get swept up in chasing new and emerging technologies, ranging from the latest smart grid systems to autonomous vehicles. The key is to survey potential solutions through a pragmatic lens, with deep analysis and understanding of an organisation’s value chains.
How much does digital advertising accelerate new product success?
Authors: Bertozzi Giacomo , Bagheri Saeed R. , Graham Brett , Knowles Peter , Netzer Oded , Pauwels Koen
Published: July 2024

Many new products are launched in e-commerce. While advertising is believed to enhance new product success, managers often lack the numbers to quantify this benefit to the company. Retail websites offer specific success benchmarks, such as pre-purchase product views, purchase conversion and post-purchase reviews. This paper’s main thesis is that while new products can succeed with or without advertising, digital advertising can help products achieve success faster. Across five categories, this research shows that digital advertising on Amazon.com can cut the time needed to reach success levels by more than half, compared to products that reach these same benchmarks without such advertising.
The effect of brand image, price, service, product quality and promotion on consumer buying decisions for car purchases: A case study of Bosowa Berlian Motor Inc. in Makassar
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad , Said Miah , Nurhilalia  , Yusuf Yulia Yunita
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to analyse how brand image, price, service quality, product quality and promotion of cars at Bosowa Berlian Motor Inc. (part of the Mitsubishi brand that sells cars in South Sulawesi province) affect consumer purchase decisions. This study used path analysis to analyse the pattern of relationships between the independent variables (exogenous) and the dependent variable (endogenous) to determine their direct or indirect effects. The results showed that the brand image, price, service quality, product quality and promotional activities had a significant positive influence by encouraging an increase in consumer interest.
Direct access to payment service providers by businesses and organisations in Europe
Authors: Larkham Bob
Published: July 2024

This paper suggests that the real trick for banks in the current economic climate could be finding ways to generate improved revenue streams not by only operating more efficiently, but also by helping the bank’s business and corporate customers to achieve their own efficiencies and cost-savings by providing true end to end customer to customer services (and not just bank to bank services) on a value-added basis. The hypothesis is that not only could cost efficiencies be achieved by banks, but customer satisfaction could be improved by providing services where payment instructions and transactions are submitted directly to the payment service providers (eg ACHs, SWIFT, CSMs) rather than via the banks.
Integration versus convergence: A battle of the buzzwords?
Authors: Ramezanian Rodman
Published: July 2024

In cyber security, integration has been a near-obligatory requirement for organisations considering new products. They want assurance that new products will complement existing investments to collectively produce more effective and efficient solutions. But, as this paper discusses, the term convergence has recently emerged as another key capability and expectation of technology platforms. Convergence and integration are pathways to solving some of cyber security’s biggest challenges. They may sound like the same thing, but they are not. So, what is the difference? And how will those differences shape security considerations and investments in the future?
Conceptual reasons beyond technology for the delayed progress and innovation in marketing science
Authors: Alcaraz Rafael
Published: July 2024

In general, much of the traditional marketing science practice prior to the 20th century (and perhaps even throughout) remained hidebound by rules of thumb and lack of information, perhaps because of a lack of technology that enables the diffusion and sharing of information across geographies, people and disciplines. This has been true across general market and culturally specifi c research. Technological advancements have made possible the broader sharing of information, and increased computational power has made possible its measurement. Yet the expected changes in marketing science applications have not been seen empirically. Some of those transformations should already have taken place. That would, however, require organisations to remain open minded and not risk averse (or at least risk neutral), as many of the rewards of advanced analytics may not be obvious in the short term, especially as new investments to build the capabilities have to be made up front — this is a chicken and egg problem. The author of this paper has identifi ed three syndromes as the culprits of delayed progress and innovation in marketing science: syndication, academic and practitioner syndromes. Most of the shortcomings have been due to the self-imposed simplicity of the marketplace (especially in CPG) by addressing only the demand side, often overlooking the supply chain side.
Continuous and smooth access to payment systems for banks in resolution
Authors: Sciusco Luigi R.F.
Published: July 2024

One of the main objectives of resolution authorities is to ensure, to the maximum extent possible, the continuity of critical functions for a firm in resolution. The continuity of critical functions, in most cases, requires continuous access to the clearing, payment and settlement services that underpin them. This paper focuses on payments-specific aspects deriving from experience gained in relation to bank resolution in Italy. Drawing on these events, the paper shares some lessons learned with respect to ensuring continuity of access to payment systems in the resolution phase, proposes some practical approaches to reducing operational risk during the resolution phase, and highlights some areas for improvements with possible follow-up actions.
What are we missing in risk management?
Authors: Kloman Felix
Published: July 2024

This paper addresses five possible ‘blind spots’ in the current practice of risk management. These are: (1) the ‘divinity of the gods’ — the inability to criticise senior management; (2) the ‘rush of herds’ — the inability to project and predict mass delusions and hysteria; (3) ‘black swans’ — the failure of models to anticipate outlier events; (4) ‘the error of success’ — the human inclination to think that current success will repeat itself; and (5) ‘academic pomposity’ — the regression towards intellectual obscurity among academic writers.
Using quick response codes for consumer-initiated marketing communication strategy
Authors: Maurya Mohit
Published: July 2024

A quick response (QR) code, which is a two-dimensional square image, is an open-source technology, free to use, simple to create and capable of being tracked. QR codes offer a bridge from the real world to interactive media, via mobile phones. After following a simple process, a user can find himself/herself connected to hoards of information offered by any marketer and, by employing QR codes, marketers can expedite the adoption of their offerings and create a competitive advantage. Although QR codes are yet to be widely adopted, the benefits they offer mean that their use is likely to be widespread. With the technology becoming conveniently accessible, customers in developing countries have also started using QR codes. This paper describes how QR codes can be created and scanned and ways to download code deciphering applications. The paper also sets out basic criteria for implementation of an effective QR marketing strategy, when marketers are deploying QR codes and distributing them through physical and online environments. The paper concludes by considering possible future developments.
Experiential EQ and the power of experience: Human need, emotion and its effect on brand memory
Authors: Lierman Chris
Published: July 2024

Experiential marketing is a growing discipline, and marketers have demonstrated inconsistent insight and knowledge concerning what is effective and meaningful for their consumers. GMR Marketing has been working to better understand human attitudes and behaviour to build a smart perspective and proprietary approach to the practice. Consumers are looking for brands that build practical solutions, but also ones they connect with emotionally. Experiential EQ is a construct that defines motivations in terms of emotional need. These emotional needs were shared with us through both qualitative and quantitative research done in the summer of 2017. When done right, brands have the opportunity to build experiences that solve the universal needs we unearthed with emotional benefits that build meaning and memories.
Disability integration throughout the disaster cycle of prepare, respond and recover
Authors: Casey-Lockyer Mary , Myers Shari
Published: July 2024

This paper will discuss the integration of individuals with access and functional needs including those with disabilities throughout the disaster cycle of prepare, respond and recover. The current environment of disaster planning response and recovery in regards to individuals with disabilities will be highlighted. Practical steps for emergency managers to better inclusion of all will be outlined and a table to assist clients in indentifying the type of shelter to best fit their needs is included. Best practices for recovery are also discussed.
Partner or perish: Research collaboration to secure cyberspace
Authors: Parker Gareth , Zelinsky Alex
Published: July 2024

We are increasingly dependent on an increasingly unknown system, the internet. It has an expanding attack surface and is constantly evolving and changing, at a rate that is showing no sign of easing. Ironically, it presents both a critical security challenge and a great opportunity. With such a complex, multifaceted and fast-changing technological area, we cannot hope to successfully meet the challenges and accept the opportunities without broadly partnering. Put simply, it is a case of ‘partner or perish’. Or is that ‘partner and prosper’? This paper explores the contemporary cyber context and discusses the approach taken by the Australian Government’s Defence Science and Technology Group in establishing its cyber science and technology programme, and its approach to partnerships as a critical enabler.
Culture first, technology second: How to implement a digital asset management (DAM) initiative with no DAM system
Authors: Anna Jennifer
Published: July 2024

The World Wildlife Fund is an international conservation organisation with over 100 offices across the globe. This case study reviews challenges and solutions pertaining to the creation of workflows and policies to centralise photography and video acquisitions, and increase awareness about the value of digital asset management across stakeholders and cross-functional departments prior to the implementation of a new digital asset management platform at the organisation’s US headquarters.
Moving the USA to T+2 settlement
Authors: Schneider Lee A. , Tessler Lilya , Lascelles Clare K.
Published: July 2024

For over 20 years, the standard settlement time frame in the United States for most securities transactions has been three business days. Over the last 18 months, regulators and industry participants have taken steps to shorten the settlement cycle to two business days. This paper explores key regulations and rules that will be affected by the transition, and describes steps industry participants may consider to prepare for a shorter settlement cycle.
Data protection laws — one of the most important sources of competitive advantage in the context of international trade
Authors: Dai Yihan
Published: July 2024

The existing world’s international legal system in nearly all areas, including data protection and cross-border data transfers, is highly fragmented and hard to harmonise in the near future. The most important laws governing these issues still exist at the domestic level. Data protection legislation could have far-reaching implications for country’s competition in today’s global digital economy. For countries, data protection laws are one of the most important sources of competitive advantage in the context of international trade. Laying down the data protection law prudently and intelligently applying such law will allow countries to unlock the benefits of technological innovation and digital trade.
The underwriting and placement passport and Brexit
Authors: Banwo Adedayo
Published: July 2024

The importance of the UK and London as a financial centre and the cross-border nature of underwriting services and the lack of national regulation means Brexit will be a difficult challenge for regulators and market participants, both within Europe and other third-country financial centres. Investment services (6) and (7) in the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MIFID) are a creation of the European single market. Outside of the passported context, these combined services are regulated separately or within more broad definitions. As combined services, they are not regulated on a cross-border basis within Europe. This paper summarises the history of the European passport for underwriting and placing services, the challenges in how it is regulated on a cross-border basis and offers ideas on how they can be addressed.
Participatory budgeting: Adults and young people making investments in their communities
Authors: Hall Jez
Published: July 2024

This paper takes a practitioner’s perspective of the transfer and development of participatory budgeting (PB) processes from their Latin American roots in the late 1980s to becoming a part of the local regeneration and empowerment policies championed by New Labour in the UK, typified by the launch in 2008 of a National PB Strategy. It describes some of the reasons for this transfer of ideas, and the models of PB being experimented with in England by an increasing number of local authorities. The author sees PB as an innovative mechanism for increasing citizen participation in local democratic decision making and one effective in strengthening civil society at the local level. It is argued that PB can stimulate innovative investment in local community groups and organisations, and contribute to a better distribution of public investments while also building up social capital and community learning. The paper describes a number of situations where PB has been piloted in deprived communities in England. Towards the end, it focuses on how some young people have been able to learn about democratic decision making through PB. The author argues that they develop greater confidence about taking part in democratic processes and gain budgeting and literacy skills that can contribute to their becoming more active and engaged citizens in later life. It is proposed that processes like participatory budgeting will continue to grow and evolve in the UK and elsewhere, and some requirements are listed that need to be met to avoid PB processes becoming tokenistic, marginal in their effect, or manipulated by vested interests.
Cuba operating methods: A review of seven global food company practices
Authors: Zwanka Russell J.
Published: July 2024

Cuba is going through significant changes with respect to its relationship with the USA. As the relationship begins to evolve into one where there is a possibility of increased trade and tourism between the two countries, global food companies must analyse Cuba in regards to entry mode, potential for business, and even the viability of operating in the country. Once they have decided that Cuba is an attractive country in which to do business, global companies must formulate a winning strategy for how to make their Cuban ventures a success. This paper aims to address the current foreign operating methods of seven food companies and how those methods could be applied to Cuba. In a series of questionnaires, each of the companies is asked about its outlook on operating in Cuba, how it looks at foreign operating models inside its company, and the attractiveness of the Cuban economy. In total, seven companies were analysed, representing over US$100bn in retail sales. The paper includes implications for the development of an operating strategy in food retail for the Cuban economy. The paper fulfils an identified need to bring standard global operating practices to the Cuban economy.
Developing emergency exercises for hazardous material transportation: Process, documents and templates
Authors: Crichton Margaret , Kelly Terence
Published: July 2024

Multi-agency emergency exercises establish and reinforce relationships, and bring people from different areas together to work as a team, realise clear goals, understand roles and responsibilities, and get to know and respect each agency’s strengths and weaknesses. However, despite the long-held belief in and respect for exercises in their provision of benefits to the individual and the organisation, there is little evidence of a consistent and clear process for exercise design, especially identifying the documents that may need to be completed to ensure efficient exercise preparation and performance. This paper reports the results of a project undertaken on behalf of the organisations that form the radioactive material transportation mutual-aid agreement, RADSAFE, to develop a standardised process to design emergency exercises. Three stages, from identifying the requirement for an exercise (Stage I), through to obtaining approval for operational orders (Stage II), then conducting a management review as part of the continuous improvement cycle (Stage III), were developed. Although designed for radioactive material transportation events, it is suggested that many of the factors within these three stages can be generalised for the design of exercises in other high-hazard industries.
Finding the balance: Modelling successful workflows for digital library collections
Authors: Shaw Emily Frieda , Garcia-Spitz Cristela , Bragg Molly , Hagedorn Kat , Porter Emily
Published: July 2024

Workflows can be powerful tools for building and sustaining effective communication and efficient processes, especially in large organisations where expertise and responsibility is distributed across numerous departments and divisions. Drawing on the experiences of five practitioners working in academic libraries, this paper presents a set of recommendations for creating and modelling workflows to build and sustain digital library collections. This paper also synthesises some key considerations for successful workflow management, and argues that the creation and use of workflows can help practitioners manage and balance some of the common challenges that organisations and teams face in their efforts to build and sustain well-curated, interoperable, persistent, discoverable and accessible digital collections.
Winning in the sharing economy: Six keys to Airbnb’s success
Authors: Aaker David
Published: July 2024

To understand competing in the sharing economy this paper looks at one of its leading brands, Airbnb. Six drivers of success emerge — conceptualising property owners as entrepreneurial hosts, seeing guests as seeking a home feel and adventure rather than just a room, demanding an outstanding interactive experience, scaling quickly, exercising outstanding leadership and having luck or timing. Uber, in contrast, is more transactional, without the emotional connection, and has a more aggressive, confrontational culture, which has created public relations and relationship issues that led to a company reset. Among the learnings is that there are payoffs from going beyond functionality, too often the route selected by technology-driven new businesses.