bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSING UNCERTAINTY IN THE MODELING OF RUNUP AND SWASH MORPHODYNAMICS USING XBEACH
Authors: Rutten Jantien , Freyermuth Alec Torres , Puleo Jack
Published: January 2021

Phase-resolving numerical models are frequently used tools to investigate short and long wave transformation, nonlinear wave interactions, and wave runup. Moreover, nearshore morphodynamics can be explored with the recent advancement of the models and computational resources. Sea surface elevation time series that force phase-resolving models at the offshore boundary are often unavailable. Therefore, time series are usually recreated from wave energy-frequency spectra through the superposition of harmonics. The wave phases of the harmonics are unknown and therefore assumed to be randomly distributed. This implies that an infinite number of time series with different sequencing of waves can be recreated from a single wave-energy spectrum and, for that reason, recreated time series are a source of uncertainty in model predictions. This intrinsic uncertainty has been found to cause variability in wave overtopping of structures (e.g., Pearson et al, 2002; Williams et al., 2014; Romano et al., 2015) and in setup and runup at beaches (McCabe et al., 2011; Torres-Freyermuth et al., 2019). Torres-Freyermuth et al. (2019) investigated the effect of intrinsic uncertainty on runup at planar beaches for different wave conditions and beach slopes and suggested that uncertainty is especially important under dissipative conditions. Yet unknown is the effect of intrinsic uncertainty on bed evolution. Here we assess the effect of intrinsic uncertainty on inner surf and swash zone evolution at three beaches with different beach morphology.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/w3zi3Yoo170
NATIONAL NONTIDAL SEA LEVEL FORECASTS ON A COASTAL WAVEGUIDE
Authors: Taylor Andy , Greenslade Diana , Zhou Xiaobing , Brassington Gary
Published: January 2021

An approach to reduce gridded forecast data to novel waveguide coordinates is demonstrated; informed by the literature on coastally trapped waves. This does not produce new forecasts per se, but reduces data to a useful model-independent physically ordered array. Discussion is limited to the Australian mainland and forecast systems currently maintained in national operations. Heterogenous forecast models are considered with regard to the development of "seamless" sea level services across timescales.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/jlJO_dxHwuw
TSUNAMI RISK ASSESSMENT OF NIIGATA CITY ACCOUNTING FOR SOIL LIQUEFACTION AND SNOW MELT
Authors: Sato Shinji , Ando Takahito , Yamanaka Yusuke
Published: January 2021

Tsunami risk assessment was conducted for Niigata City, one of the largest cities facing Japan Sea. Niigata City is known as historical port town developed on a low land formed as the delta by the Shinano River and the Agano River. The city is therefore vulnerable for soil liquefaction. In 1964, the city was devastated by a large earthquake in which soil liquefaction and tsunami worsened the damage. In addition, because of the heavy snowfall in winter, like many coastal cities on the Japan Sea side, the water level rise in the Shinano River in the snow-melt season appears to increase the flooding risk of the harbor area. The harbor is protected by a 4 km long breakwater. This study aims to investigate the tsunami risk of the Niigata City considering the collapse of the infrastructures, the soil liquefaction and the tsunami invasion to rivers in the snow-melt period.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hiBabxOE1Nc
LABORATORY STUDY OF SWASH-ZONE DYNAMICS ON DUNE EROSION
Authors: Pontiki Maria , Puleo Jack A. , Feagin Rusty A. , Wengrove Meagan , Hsu Tian-Jian , Cox Dan
Published: January 2021

A storm passage results in acute beach erosion and loss of immense amounts of sand from the affected coastlines. Erosion may reach sand dunes which act as dynamic protective barriers, mitigating the impact of larger waves and storm surge. A dune starts being damaged by a storm when the wave runup is still confined in the swash zone; the region of beach foreshore which is intermittently influenced by the wave motion. Data acquisition in the highly dynamic zone is challenging during catastrophic weather conditions. Therefore, the fate of sand and the subsequent morphological change is difficult to predict. A near-prototype experiment was conducted to provide further insights in the physical mechanisms that result in dune erosion.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/pZMDwRrpg8Y
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON WAVE RUNUP ON QUAY TOP AND ITS REPRODUCTION BY USING A BOUSSINESQ-TYPE WAVE MODEL
Authors: Hirayama Katsuya , Hamano Yuuki
Published: January 2021

Ports and coastal industrial and commercial regions in Osaka bay were inundated with water due to storm wave overtopping during Typhoon Jebi passing through on September 4, 2018. Although the large storm surge was observed at the end of the bay, the sea level rarely rises over seawalls which prevent sea water from intruding onto residential areas, fortunately. Therefore, in this study, the characteristics of wave runup over the gap between berthing depth and quay top in high, normal and middle tide condition are investigated with vertical 2D model experiments. Moreover, numerical simulations are conducted by using a Boussinesq-type wave model, which can be also applied to wave overtopping and inundation in horizontal 2D computational region, to reproduce the results of model experiments.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/HCiUoj68xyY
AIR-WATER INTERACTION OF PADDLE WAVES UNDER WIND FORCING
Authors: Addona Fabio , Chiapponi Luca , Losada Miguel , Longo Sandro
Published: January 2021

The air-water interaction has been long studied in ocean physics, due to its importance to natural hazard and impact on human activities. Several studies in the literature provided advancements for a better comprehension of gases, mass and momentum exchanges at the interface. However, the subject is wide and many aspects are still unsolved, especially it is quite hard to extract data from the air and water boundary layer. A non-intrusive useful method to acquire data at the air-water interface is Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), which can extrapolate a huge amount of information in water. We perform an experimental study of regular waves generated by paddles propagating under the action of the wind. We discuss the importance of sea surface boundary layer under waves and winds based on laboratory experiments and scale analysis.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/X-3OQnJKMf8
THE NEED FOR A PARADIGM SHIFT IN SUBAERIAL LANDSLIDE-TSUNAMI RESEARCH
Authors: Heller Valentin
Published: January 2021

Subaerial landslide-tsunamis (SLTs) are caused by mass movements such as landslides, rock falls or glacier calving. Research into SLTs is ongoing for many decades, however, the advancement in the physical understanding and reliability of hazard assessment methods is not reflecting the number of articles published per year. It appears that a paradigm shift in SLT research is required for a genuine advancement. This article critically reviews the state-of-the-art of SLT research, highlights current limitations and introduces potential candidates to perform this needed paradigm shift.
DEVELOPMENTS IN STORM SURGE ESTIMATION USING SURROGATE MODELING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Taflanidis Alexandros , Zhang Jize , Kyprioti Aikaterini , Kennedy Andrew , Kijewksi-Correa Tracy
Published: January 2021

Numerical advances in storm surge prediction over the past couple of decades have produced high-fidelity simulation models that permit a detailed representation of hydrodynamic processes and therefore support high accuracy forecasting. Unfortunately, the computational burden of such numerical models is large, requiring thousands of CPU hours for each simulation, something that limits their applicability for hurricane risk assessment. Use of Kriging-based surrogate modeling techniques has been examined to address the aforementioned challenge Jia et al. [2016], Zhang et al. [2018]. This approach can provide fast predictions using a database of high-fidelity, synthetic storms, with the goal of maintaining the accuracy of the numerical model utilized to produce this database, while offering computational efficiency. This contribution overviews initially recent research developments for the application of Kriging for storm surge predictions. Topics discussed include: enhancement of the initial database for nodes (i.e., geographical locations) that have remained dry in some of the database storms; adaptive selection of storms forming the initial database; use of different surrogate modeling tuning techniques and their impact on the metamodel predictive capabilities for storm surge estimation; implementation for estimation of impact due to near-shore processes (breaking waves), something that requires coupling of different numerical models.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/vL38Kv3kLDM
A NATIONAL-SCALE BEACH EROSION EARLY WARNING SYSTEM FOR AUSTRALIA
Authors: Turner Ian
Published: January 2021

Australia is a distinctly coastal-focused nation, with more than 85 percent of Australians living within the narrow coastal strip. The coast is also the major economic focus of industry, trade and tourism. Australian identity and environmental values are deeply tided to life at the coast. Around Australia there is presently no state or nationally coordinated early warning capability to alert emergency managers and residents to impending damaging impacts of coastal storms. This presentation outlines the work that is underway to design and evaluate a new national-scale beach erosion EWS system for Australia.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/2HS6HrTfxfI
RECENT EXTREME TROPICAL CYCLONE DAMAGE
Authors: Kennedy Andrew
Published: January 2021

In this talk, I will review and discuss coastal impacts from recent land-falling cyclones.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/uR3nuOew1W4
DAM BREAK WAVE, TIDAL BORE, IN-RIVER TSUNAMI SURGE: WHAT THE HELL?
Authors: Chanson Hubert
Published: January 2021

Flood waves resulting from dam breaks have been responsible for numerous losses of life through centuries. Both the 26 December 2004 tsunami and 11 March 2011 Tohoku catastrophes were human tragedies of international significance. An important point is the physical analogy between dam break waves travelling downstream, tidal bores progressing deep inland, in-river tsunami propagating upstream, as well rejection surges in hydropower canals. The leading edge is a hydrodynamic shock, with a marked discontinuity in free-surface elevation and velocity and pressure fields, and a tri-phase flow with three distinct flowing phases, i.e. liquid (water), solid (sediment) and gas (air). Seminal features of bores and surges include a net mass flux, the breaking in shallow waters, and the intense turbulence at the front associated with massive sedimentary processes and air entrainment in the breaking roller. In this keynote talk, physical experiments, numerical CFD modelling and field observations are presented and compared. Current knowledge gaps are discussed. Ultimately it is argued that the 'solitary wave' analogy is not directly relevant to model the unsteady turbulent mixing of in-river tsunami surges, tidal bores and dam break waves.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/SQaPoSj2lP4
ROUND ABOUT MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Coco Giovanni
Published: January 2021

In this talk I will review the use of Machine Learning in studies of coastal morphodynamics. I will discuss a number of problems where ML tools have been used and why it makes sense to use ML methods. I will also outline recent advances in ML algorithms and applications, and discuss possible areas for future research.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/X5QnAdD1-T8
CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR AMERICAN SAMOA: FOCUS ON TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors: Podoski Jessica , Sjoblom Dane , Franklin Shelley
Published: January 2021

Essential transportation infrastructure around the globe will be increasingly compromised by interrelated climate change impacts. Due to geographic isolation and limited natural resources, the economy and security of many Pacific territories and nations, including American Samoa, depend heavily on the resilience of these transportation infrastructure systems. Of particular relevance are the coastal impacts of climate changes such as sea level rise and storm surges which will threaten transportation infrastructure including both temporary and long-term flooding of airports, ports and harbors, and roads which are vital lifelines for trans-Pacific, interisland, and intra-island commerce and community services. The majority of the transportation assets in American Samoa are along a narrow coastal plain backed by steep topography, precluding relocation or retreat in response to increased coastal flooding accompanying a changing climate.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/k-qJPMVwvVc
ISLAND RESTORATION TO MEET 'TRIPLE-WIN' ENGINEERING WITH NATURE OUTCOMES
Authors: Whitfield Paula , Davis Jenny , Szimanski Danielle , King Jeffrey , Gailani Joe , Herman Brook , Tritinger Amanda , Swannack Todd , Dillon Catie , Golden Rebecca , Whitbeck Matt
Published: January 2021

The coastal islands and marshes of Chesapeake Bay USA, are disappearing along with the ecosystem services and infrastructure/shoreline protection they provide. To counter such losses, the USACE Baltimore District is restoring historic island footprints using dredged sediments. Islands constitute an important natural and nature-based feature (NNBF) that meet the 'triple win outcomes' of USACE's Engineering With Nature (EWN) initiative, by providing economic, social and environmental benefits. Here we highlight the restoration and monitoring of Swan Island using 61,000 cubic yards of dredged sediment. The creation/expansion of Swan Island, is expected to produce significant benefits in terms of ecosystem services, increased resilience to future sea level rise, and abatement of erosive losses to an adjacent coastal community. The pre- and post-restoration monitoring and model development by project partners will serve to quantify the benefits and efficacy of the island restoration thereby facilitating island restoration as a viable NNBF option in the future.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/2kvSVcH2KuE
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MANGROVE EFFECTS ON COASTAL PROTECTION
Authors: Chang Che-Wei , Mori Nobuhito , Tsuruta Naoki , Suzuki Kojiro , Yanagisawa Hideaki
Published: January 2021

Mangrove forests, featured by the complex root system, were found effective among natural-based solutions in coastal disaster reduction (e.g. Guannel et al. 2016). The prop roots of mangroves have been deemed useful in attenuating waves and were addressed in several recent experimental works using artificial tree models (e.g. Maza et al. 2019). In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted on both model scale and prototype scale using more realistic models. We aim to provide a comprehensive investigation of wave-induced forces exerted on mangroves and propose proper relationships of force coefficients with flow parameters under various incident conditions.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/b59ewNY7mSI
ENVIRONMENTAL LOSS EVALUATION APPROACH FOR COASTAL FLOOD RISK ANALYSIS
Authors: Dassanayake Dilani R. , Oumeraci Hocine
Published: January 2021

Flood risk is generally defined as the combination of the probability of a flood event and the potential losses. Flood losses might be divided in two categories, namely tangible and intangible. Tangible losses are evaluated in monetary values and hence commonly incorporated in flood risk analysis. Intangible losses, especially environmental losses, are mostly not incorporated in flood risk analysis due to the lack of appropriate and generally accepted evaluation methods. This research focuses on the development of a new approach to evaluate environmental losses due to coastal floods.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/xyiwlw3jkYo
CRITERIA FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE IN COASTAL AREAS
Authors: Chavez Valeria , Lithgow Debora , Silva Rodolfo
Published: January 2021

Unlike traditional infrastructure, which only takes into account socio-economic and political factors, or ecological restoration which focuses on the recovery of ecosystem health, resistance and resilience, green infrastructure has multifunctional goals, determined by the ecological and socioeconomic conditions of each, specific site (Silva et al., 2017). Connectivity, multifunctionality, integration and a multiscale approach are the key concepts in green infrastructure projects. Coastal green infrastructure projects include broad and contrasting aspects such as: 1. Recovery of the structure and functionality of natural ecosystems, 2. Creation of artificial ecosystems, 3. Engineering structures that depend on the functioning of the surrounding ecosystems, 4. Traditional engineering projects, adapted to reduce their environmental impact and, 5. Corrective actions applied to structures and land uses which damage the environment and threaten socio-economic aspects.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/76S-SfbIM4Y
CONSIDERATION OF CONTRACTUAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH COASTAL AND MARITIME ENGINEERING WORKS
Authors: Albada Edward
Published: January 2021

Coastal and maritime construction projects are fraught with risks associated with working in or around the sea. Common standard contracts such as those within the FIDIC Red Book do not adequately address the peculiarities associated with this unique environment. This paper will document the major areas of generic contractual risk and uncertainty with regard to coastal and maritime projects through review of literature, case law and other published disputes, as well as personal experience. Through identification and comparison of both the risks associated with these projects and the vulnerability within the standard FIDIC language, recommendations will be made for particular conditions to improve contract wording.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/1BkXEoaZZow
CALIFORNIA'S EFFORTS AT DEVELOPING COMMUNITY LEVEL TOOLS FOR ADDRESSING FUTURE IMPACTS RELATED TO SEA LEVEL RISE
Authors: Ewing Lesley
Published: January 2021

Sea level rise poses many daunting challenges that are economic, technical, ecological, social, scientific, cultural, governmental and legal. There have been enormous efforts to study historic sea level conditions, to analyze the main factors that have modified historic sea levels, to predict future sea levels at global, regional and local scales, to anticipate time periods for changes to flood frequency and erosion rates. While each of these efforts improves our understanding of possible future sea level rise the changes that might happen along the coast as a result, they also increase community uncertainty about what this will mean to their efforts to undertake long-term land use planning, to develop capital improvement plans for infrastructure and for future shore protection and recreational opportunities provided by existing beaches. The proposed presentation will discuss the various guidance reports that have been prepared by the California Coastal Commission staff to assist local governments in identifying and planning for sea level rise vulnerabilities. The presentation will also address many of the options that California communities are considering for sea level rise adaptation.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/-hXO0r79NKk
TAILORING THE MARINE DESIGN FOR THE BRISBANE INTERNATIONAL CRUISE TERMINAL TO CATER FOR MEGA-SHIPS AND CHALLENGING CONSTRAINTS
Authors: Burley Peter Kastrup: Michael Kelleher: Daniel
Published: January 2021

Port of Brisbane (PBPL) is developing the new AUD$177 million Brisbane International Cruise Terminal (BICT) located at Luggage Point at the mouth of the Brisbane River. The project has successfully progressed through the detailed design phase, and construction is currently underway. BICT will be the first purpose-built megacruise ship terminal in Australia when it opens in 2020. It will cater for cruise vessels of all sizes including the world's largest ocean-going ships and will function as both a base port and port of call facility. The planning and design of an international cruise terminal requires a fully integrated multi-disciplinary approach. There are a number of inter-dependencies from different disciplines based on a number of variables. This presentation will explore how the terminal masterplan was developed to address the key site constraints and how significant challenges for the marine design were overcome.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/qIC3aL0FqYg
CHANNEL CONCENTRATION AND REFLECTIONS FROM DREDGE CHANNELS
Authors: Modra Ben , Howe Dan , Folan Anthony , McLean Kate
Published: January 2021

Wave reflections from dredge channels are an important consideration for coastal infrastructure. A physical model study of a proposed development for the Port of Townsville demonstrated that channel reflection, and the relatively poorly understood channel concentration are significant processes that need to be considered in coastal developments. The study showed that channel reflection and channel concentration can significantly transform the local waves, resulting in complex multidirectional wave fields and higher design wave conditions.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/XsKsofNZzvQ
METEOTSUNAMI RISK AND THE USE OF DYNAMIC MOORING ANALYSIS AND SHORETENSION TO MITIGATE RISK IN FREMANTLE PORT
Authors: Hudson Rohan , Cross Justin
Published: January 2021

Meteotsunamis are generated by meteorological events, particularly moving pressure disturbances due to squalls, thunderstorms, frontal passages and atmospheric gravity waves. Relatively small initial sea-level perturbations, of the order of a few centimetres, can increase significantly through multi-resonant phenomena to create tsunami like destructive events resulting in injury, loss of life, damage to infrastructure and significant economic loss. On the 17th August 2014, severe metocean conditions (including 27.8 m/s wind gusts and a meteotsunami) resulted in the vessels Grand Pioneer and AAL Fremantle breaking loose from their mooring at Berth 11 and 12 in Fremantle Port. One of the vessels collided with a railway bridge closing the commuter railway line for two weeks. Royal HaskoningDHV was commissioned by Fremantle Ports to undertake a hydrodynamic investigation and a dynamic mooring analysis (DMA) to determine the cause of the event and provide a technical solution to provide safe moorings in the port.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/idTLjfeajiM
IMPACT OF SEA LEVEL RISE ON HYDRODYNAMICS OF ESTUARIES WITH RESTRICTED ENTRANCES
Authors: Khojasteh Danial , Hottinger Steve , Felder Stefan , Cesare Giovanni De , Heimhuber Valentin , Hanslow David J. , Glamore William
Published: January 2021

Worldwide, hundreds of millions of people who live on or near estuarine environments are vulnerable to sea level rise (SLR). Using clustering techniques and moving beyond static models and case studies, this study used a large ensemble of idealised estuary models of varying scale, geometry, level of entrance constriction, and SLR scenarios. It was found that tidal forcing, degree of entrance restriction, and estuarine length can primarily control the tidal dynamics of prismatic estuaries under SLR. Further, restricting an entrance can be presented as a potential solution to offset SLR induced tidal amplification if the associated impacts on entrance stability, navigation, and flooding are considered.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/vOptOAbqN3U
LITIGATION ON THE COAST - GLOBAL TRENDS
Authors: Coleman Karen , Michael Brent
Published: January 2021

Concerns about the impacts of more severe and frequent storms as a result of climate change is giving rise around the world to a variety of responses from governments, communities and property owners. In some countries there have been legislative responses. In other countries there has been an increase in litigation about coastal management issues and rights. Some of our cases were featured in the UN paper entitled "The Status of Climate Change Litigation". We will also what lessons can be learned from these cases for coastal engineers currently analysing coastal processes and dynamics as part of an active coastal management process. Court cases bring the professional assessments of coastal engineers under close scrutiny. Evidence may be required according to court rules and procedures with which most engineers are not familiar. In our presentation we will review the latest in developments around the globe.
COMPENSATION AND COASTAL PROTECTION
Authors: Michael Brent , Coleman Karen
Published: January 2021

In this presentation, the authors examine the circumstances in which public bodies and professionals retained by them can be liable to pay monetary compensation for erosion damage. Coastal engineering, together with the analysis of coastal processes, play an important role in this legal landscape. Public bodies may come under a duty to implement defensive works; but equally they may be responsible for adverse impacts from them, such as end effects erosion. Coastal engineers may be engaged to provide critical protective works; but they may be liable where works are not designed or built to required standards or for stipulated purposes. Difficulties in assessing likely risk due to changes associated with climate change add an additional dimension with the increased risk of failure of protective works facing conditions which may not have previously been considered in the design criteria. Drawing from a decade of experience acting for litigants and property owners in erosion hotspots in New South Wales, the authors identify the key principles that apply in Australia and other common law jurisdiction and discuss how these rules can apply to scenarios where a disaster arises on any coastline. Some of the cases covered were included in the 2017 review by the United Nations entitled "The Status of Climate Change Litigation".
EXAMINATION OF MANGROVE MODELING IN NUMERICAL CALCULATION
Authors: Tadokoro Ayaka , Arikawa Taro
Published: January 2021

A number of studies which handle wave height attenuation effect due to coastal vegetation such as mangroves and coastal forests have been performed. In recent years, for considering effect of the mangrove roots, actual trees have been used for laboratory test. Chang (2019) proposed a formula for calculating C_D and C_M from Re and KC through experiments using a mangrove 3D model printed using actual tree. The C_D and C_M have been estimated experimentally under the condition that the water depth is relatively large and the waves don't break. However, the relationship between the Re number and the KC number and the C_D and C_M have not been investigated. Therefore, we conducted experiments focusing on the arrangement and density of the forest zone and trunk thickness. Then we demonstrated the validity of our analysis based on the comparison of our result and results of previous studies. The aim of this study is to establish a modeling method for coastal vegetation in order to enable calculation of the wave attenuation effect due to mangroves using numerical calculation.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/bcNlvRSvJQk
USE OF DREDGING DESIGN AND NUMERICAL MODELLING TO INCREASE SLACK WATER ACCESS TO THE PORT OF MACKAY
Authors: Hancock Robert , Williams Benjamin
Published: January 2021

The Port of Mackay is a key strategic port within the portfolio of North Queensland Bulk Ports Corporation Ltd (NQBP), accommodating the import and export of goods that support the economy of central Queensland. The Port caters for a wide variety of vessels. Vessel arrival navigation and maneuvering is currently constrained due to existing physical, environmental, and operational conditions at the harbour entrance particularly due to coastal tidally driven cross currents. NQBP engaged Royal HaskoningDHV (RHDHV) to review and assess options to alleviate vessel access constraints primarily through modifications to the physical harbour entrance infrastructure. This report summarizes the success of an alternative approach devised to increase the slack water arrival windows at the Port.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/Gg2HWtu4NCU
NATURE-BASED DYNAMIC REVETMENT CONSTRUCTION AT NORTH COVE, WASHINGTON, USA
Authors: Cottrell David , Glore Gavin
Published: January 2021

A dynamic revetment was constructed at North Cove, Washington, USA in December 2018 along a historically eroding 2-km shoreline reach of coastal barrier at the northern entrance to Willapa Bay. The revetment is composed of poorly sorted angular quarry rock ranging in size from pea gravel to small boulders as well as large wood debris and structures, a dune ridge, and native vegetation integrated with the revetment. The design, aim, and maintenance of the dynamic revetment is to simulate the functions of naturally forming cobble berms along composite beaches in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. The dynamic revetment continues to be adaptively constructed over time, enabling the testing of innovative design approaches and concepts that are rarely possible to do at full-scale in the field. The project provides a unique opportunity to explore nature-based engineering principles and design features.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/5w18tEjEePg
COASTAL RESILIENCE IN THE INDUS DELTA; UPSCALING NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS
Authors: Rendle Emma J. , Rive Nathan A. , Zafar Asad A.
Published: January 2021

Sindh province, Pakistan is home to the seventh largest delta, at the mouth of the River Indus and holder RAMSAR designation. A large arid mangrove forest system once occupied the coastal belt. Systematic removal over the past 50 years has exposed the delta to energy higher during cyclones and climate related threats, most notably rising water levels and combined flood risk from extreme events. The loss of mangrove has resulted in agricultural land loss, saline intrusion, and population migration. The Sindh Coastal Resilience Project introduces a National Adaptation Plan alongside investment in key flood risk management interventions; enhancing the mangrove buffer to provide stability, improving water and sediment connectivity, and introducing embankments and flood schemes at key nodal points through the Indus Delta.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/MzBJzHOw4yw
VULNERABILITY OF PORT AREAS OF OPERATIONAL INTEREST: SENSITIVITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: Sanchez Rafael Molina , Duque Alvaro Campos , Sanchez Carmen Castillo , Garcia-Valdecasas Jose Maria , Fanjul Enrique Alvarez
Published: January 2021

Often, in port planning of new facilities, extension of existing ones or alternatives facing climate change (CC), infrastructural aspects take precedence over operational ones. Although risk assessments developed to support Port Authorities in the decision-making process are applicable to both aspects, this work has focused on those considered least developed: operational risks; more precisely, in the second term included in the calculation of risk: Probability, VULNERABILITY and Costs. Some key concepts used in the present work are operational risk and Area of Operational Interest (AOI). To assess the sensitivity of the vulnerability of AOIs to changes in magnitude, duration and direction of met- ocean agents derived from CC, a methodology has been developed and applied to the Port of Gijon (Spain).Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/ehg29_zy1qk
ON THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSIDERING MULTIPLE SEASTATE REALIZATIONS WHEN ESTIMATING DESIGN LOADS IN MULTI-DIRECTIONAL SHALLOW-WATER WAVES
Authors: Cornett Andrew , Baker Scott
Published: January 2021

The objectives of this work are to close some of the knowledge gaps facing designers tasked with designing new offshore structures or upgrading older structures located in shallow waters and exposed to energetic multi-directional waves generated by passing hurricanes or cyclones. This will be accomplished by first investigating and characterizing the natural variability of the maximum wave heights and crest elevations found in multiple 2-hour long realizations of several short-crested shallow-water near-breaking seastates. Following this, the variability and repeatability of peak pressures and peak loads exerted on a 1/35 scale model of a gravity-based offshore structure are explored. The analysis focuses on establishing extreme value distributions for each realization, quantifying their variability, and exploring how the variability is diminished when results from multiple seastate realizations and repeated tests are combined. The importance of considering multiple realizations of a design wave condition when estimating peak values for use in design is investigated and highlighted.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/16bCsMd0OMc
DESIGN AND REALIZATION OF A SANDBAR BREAKWATER, LEKKI, NIGERIA
Authors: Spek Bart-Jan van der , Sande Bas van de , Bijl Eelco , Hendrikse Cypriaan , Poortman Sanne , Bliek Bram , Hendriks Antoon
Published: January 2021

The nature-based concept of the Sandbar Breakwater was born based on the typical natural dynamics of the West African coast (Gulf of Guinea). Learning from the development and coastal impact of the existing port infrastructure in West Africa, the application of sand as a construction material for marine infrastructure seemed very obvious. Along this coast, ports experience heavy sedimentation at the western updrift side of the breakwaters, leading to the rapid burying of valuable armour rock. The Sandbar Breakwater concept is based on this principle by using natural accretion as the basis for the port protection. Such a concept is advantageous as a large sediment drift naturally supplements the sand lling works during construction and the required rock volumes are reduced signicantly, saving construction time and minimising the environmental impact. To counteract the downdrift coastal retreat, a replenishable sand engine completes the scheme. The realisation of a Sandbar Breakwater at Lekki, Nigeria, in 2018, with subsequent safe and continuous port operations, proves the feasibility of the concept. Sustainable future development is further pursued by integrated maintenance campaigns following the Building with Nature principles to guarantee the operability of the port while preserving the alongshore sediment balance and minimising the environmental impact.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/-1wCqqB9f8E
NATURE-BASED COASTAL PROTECTION USING LARGE WOODY DEBRIS
Authors: Wilson Jessica , Nistor Ioan , Mohammadian Majid , Cornett Andrew , Falkenrich Pauline , Lamont Grant
Published: January 2021

In British Columbia (BC), Canada, and Washington State, USA, anchored Large Woody Debris (LWD) have been extensively used with the specific aim of reducing erosion and limiting wave run-up. Despite its frequent usage, there is currently limited peer-reviewed literature on the design or efficacy of coastal protection using LWD. This paper presents the results of the first systematic research project on this topic, which involved (1) extensive field investigations of existing anchored LWD projects, and (2) large-scale experimental wave modeling of simulated LWD on a gravel beach. The full paper will present an overview of the study methodology, field investigation and experimental modeling results, and provide initial design guidance for the use of coastal protection using anchored LWD.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/ktjVWGfXylk
A NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR TSUNAMIS DUE TO A LAND SLIDE
Authors: Kakinuma Taro , Iribe Tsunakiyo
Published: January 2021

Tsunamis, generated by falling rigid bodies, have been numerically simulated using the MPS model, in the vertical two dimensions. The numerical result for the water surface displacement of the first wave is in harmony with the corresponding experimental result obtained using the cylinders. A tsunami component traveling toward the shore and running up the slope can be confirmed in the present cases. The tsunami height, immediately after the large circles enter the water, does not depend much on the offshore still water depth, while the tsunami-height reduction is suppressed, when the offshore still water depth is shallower. Conversely, the tsunami height, immediately after the small circles enter the water, increases as the offshore still water depth is shallower. Both the tsunami height, immediately after the falling bodies enter the water, and the reduction rate of tsunami height, are larger for the large circles than for the small circles. In the cases where the falling rigid bodies include both the large and small circles, the reduction rate of the water level near the tsunami source is larger, when the large circles are stacked on the offshore side at the initial condition.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/BEUWDCV_T5k
PREDICTION OF EQUILIBRIUM SCOUR HOLES USING OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURES
Authors: Mandviwalla Xerxes , Qwist Jesper Roland Kjaergaard , Christensen Erik Damgaard
Published: January 2021

This paper presents an optimization procedure that finds the equilibrium scour depth under a pipeline. Even though much knowledge on scour is available for the most typical marine structures such as a vertical circular monopile of a horizontal pipelines the calculation of the scour depth complex and time-consuming as the transient solution is often modelled as well. In this paper we present a optimization procedure that combined with a computational fluid dynamics, and a model of the bed load finds the equilibrium shape of a scour hole. This can potentially speed up the calculation of the shape of the equilibrium scour hole with a factor of 100. However, it comes with a coast as we will not model the transition and the time scale of the scour hole development.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/LpKq9Twj7zo
TSUNAMI RUNUP AMPLIFICATION OF BREAKING AND NON-BREAKING ERROR-FUNCTION WAVES OVER A SLOPING BEACH IN SHADOW ZONE BY A SMALL ISLAND
Authors: Han Sunghoon , Kaihatu James , Lynett Patrick , Synolakis Costas
Published: January 2021

The time series of free surface elevation measured in and outside the shadow zone were compared and analyzed in the time-frequency domain by employing the continuous wavelet transform. Regardless of the conditions of the ERF wave in the shadow zone, an increase in magnitude of energy is noticeable not only in the peak frequency within a range of approximately 0.8 to 1 Hz but also in the low-frequency range of around 0.1 Hz corresponding to second up to third crest of the leading wave. To determine the effective frequency of ERF waves and evaluate their runup characteristics, we applied a new method of describing the ERF wave, which consists of linear superposition of two solitary waves. As a result, the ERF waves show the same trend in runup characteristics as for solitary waves.
ANALYSIS OF WIND DRIVEN CURRENT IN ISHIKARI BAY AND NEARSHORE CURRENT AT ISHIKARI-HAMA BEACH, JAPAN
Authors: Inukai Naoyuki , Shinada Keita
Published: January 2021

In August 2016, four swimmers were carried away by the waves and drowned at Ishikari-hama beach in Hokkaido. In recent years, several other similar accidents occurred around the Ishikari coast. Therefore, in this paper, we tried to comprehend the features of the current dynamics in Ishikari Bay and Ishikari-hama beach. As research contents, we grasped the accident that occurred in the past years around the Ishikari coast. In this case, we used the on-line database of the newspaper article. As the result, we comprehended the feature of the accident in Ishikari Bay. Secondary, we made a field survey at Ishikari-hama beach. Thirdly, we confirmed the fluctuation of the current in Ishikari Bay due to short time fluctuation of the wind direction. Finally, we simulated the rip current and the wind driven current in Ishikari Bay.
WAVE-CURRENT INTERACTION AT A RIGHT ANGLE OVER ROUGH BEDS: TURBULENCE ANALYSIS
Authors: Marino Massimiliano , Musumeci Rosaria Ester , Faraci Carla
Published: January 2021

In the present work, an investigation on the hydrodynamics of wave-current orthogonal combined flow has been carried out. The work focuses on the effects of the oscillatory flow superposed on the current steady boundary layer, and on how the oscillatory flow affects the current velocity distribution. A laboratory experimental campaign of wave-current orthogonal interaction has been carried out in a shallow water basin at DHI Water and Environment (Horsholm, Denmark), in order to investigate the orthogonal combined flow in the presence of different roughness beds. Mean flow has been investigated by computing time- and space-averaged velocity profiles. Friction velocity and equivalent roughness have been inferred from the velocity profiles by best fit technique, in order to quantify the shear stress experienced by the current mean flow. Tests in the presence of only current, only waves and combined flow have been performed. Instantaneous velocities have been Reynolds-averaged in order to obtain turbulent fluctuations time series and compute turbulence related quantities, such as Reynolds stresses. The mean current velocity profiles have been also compared with a selection of analytical models in order to assess their validity for the case of wave-current orthogonal flow for the considered wave and current condition ranges. The analysis of the mean flow revealed a complex interaction of the waves and currents combined flow. Depending on the relative strength of the current with respect to the waves, the superposition of the oscillatory flow may determine an increase or a decrease of the bottom friction experienced by the current. Such a behavior is also strictly related to the bed physical roughness. Analysis of the turbulence Reynolds stresses seems to confirm the results of the mean flow investigation.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/GbtOgeLlVTU
MODELING OF BERM FORMATION AND EROSION AT THE SOUTHERN COAST OF THE CASPIAN SEA
Authors: Tabasi Mohammad , Soltanpour Mohsen , Suzuki Takayuki , Jayaratne Ravindra
Published: January 2021

Cross-shore beach profile data from field measurements performed at six locations on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea are used to investigate bathymetry change due to various wave conditions. Beach profile measurements are analyzed and subsequently compared with the results of a berm formation and erosion model. The model comprises distinct empirical sediment transport equations for predicting the cross-shore sediment transport rate under various wave conditions. To yield a berm formation and erosion model, empirical cross-shore sediment transport equations are combined with the mass conservation equation. Simulations results obtained from the model compared well with the measurements, proving the capability of the model in simulating berm formation and erosion evolution.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/FTgAr73h5rA
CATANIA HARBOR BREAKWATER: PHYSICAL MODELLING OF THE UPGRADED STRUCTURE
Authors: Stagnitti Martina , Iuppa Claudio , Musumeci Rosaria Ester , Foti Enrico
Published: January 2021

Most of the worldwide historical coastal and harbor structures have been severely damaged by extreme sea storms during their lifetime and hence need to be upgraded, also considering the effects of climate change (Hughes, 2014). Physical modelling is identified as the only feasible approach for the optimization of the upgraded structures, because of the existence of few studies concerning such an issue and the lack of specific design formulae (Burcharth et al. 2014; Croeneveld et al. 1984; Lara et al. 2019; Foti et al. 2020). Therefore, a novel general methodology for the design of upgrading solutions for existing breakwaters based on physical modelling is presented, considering the case study of the Catania Harbor breakwater. The results of the systematic extensive experimental campaign on possible solutions for upgrading the Catania harbor breakwater led to some general practical findings, which can be useful for the design of restoration options for existing breakwater at end of their lifetime.
LARGE-SCALE AND SMALL-SCALE EFFECTS IN WAVE BREAKING INTERACTION ON VERTICAL WALL ATTACHED WITH LARGE RECURVE PARAPET
Authors: Ravindar Rajendran , Sriram V , Schimmels Stefan , Stagonas Dimitris
Published: January 2021

Two sets of experiments on the vertical wall attached with recurve parapets performed at 1:1 and 1:8 scale are compared to study the influence of scale, model and laboratory effects. The small-scale (1:8) experiment scaled to large-scale (1:1) using Froude scaling, and Cuomo et al. (2010) method are compared. Comparing both the methods for scaling impact pressure, Cuomo et al. (2010) predicts well in the impact zone, whereas Froude scaling is better in the up-rushing zone. In estimating integrated impact force, Froude scaling method over-estimates compared to Cuomo et al. (2010). Overall, Cuomo et al. (2010) work better for scaling up impact pressure and forces compared to Froude scaling method. These preliminary observations are based on one type of recurved parapets only.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/w9WipBjMWzw
ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT IN THE SOUTH-WEST COASTAL REGION OF BANGLADESH USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS
Authors: Iqra Nazeat Ameen , Zzaman Rashed Uz , Rodrigues Eugine Abhishek , Haque Anisul , Khan Muhammad Shah Alam , Hussain Mohammad Asad
Published: January 2021

Being located in a low-lying coastal zone and having a unique brackish water ecosystem, the South-west region of Bangladesh is highly susceptible to environmental vulnerability. An assessment of environmental vulnerability over this large area of 24,188 km2 is a complex process and one of the most essential parts for any coastal zone management. Since the changes in the environmental indicators are posing adverse impacts, the environment tends to be more vulnerable. This study assesses the environmental vulnerability in 40 Upazilas (lower level of the administrative unit) in the South-west region of Bangladesh. After reviewing the literature, this study incorporated 10 relevant indicators (i.e. soil type, average temperature, vegetation change, population density, population change, road density, surface salinity, Cumulative Dry Day (CDD), Cumulative Wet Day (CWD), groundwater level). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to find the weight for each indicator in IBM SPSS 20 software and the values were normalized into a unified dimension. The generated environmental vulnerability map is assorted into five vulnerability groups consisting of very low, low, medium, high, very high vulnerabilities with an interval of 0-0.05, 0.05-0.4, 0.4-0.5, 0.5-0.6, 0.6-1.0 respectively. From the spatial analysis, it has been seen that the vulnerability groups representing very low, low, medium, high, and very high contain 10percent, 35percent, 28percent, 17percent, and 10percent of the Upazilas, respectively. The findings of environmental vulnerability assessment can support effective guidance for long-term environmental management in terms of coastal zone management. The development framework can be assessed at different spatial and temporal scales in the coastal zone with the availability of environmental indicator data and by applying the PCA method.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/iQ_CwlOBCJE