bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desterritorializado, híbrido y fragmentado: el protagonista en la novela centroamericana de posguerra
Authors: Escamilla Rivera José Luis
Published: May 2021

La novela centroamericana se escribe desde las referencias históricas, políticas y culturales de la denominada etapa de posguerra. A diferencia de etapas previas se trata de una propuesta discursiva con rasgos particulares bien identificables. En este estudio se analiza un corpus de novelas de Guatemala, El Salvador y Nicaragua, publicadas entre 1990 y 2002. Se concentra en la configuración del personaje protagonista, y se señalan los procedimientos de una elaboración novelística, procedimientos que se apartan de otras manifestaciones anteriores, especialmente de la literatura testimonial. The Central American novel is based on historical, political and cultural references of the so-called postwar stage. Different from earlier stages, this discourse option has easily identifiable features. A corpus of Guatemalan, Salvadoran and Nicaraguan novels published between 1990 and 2002 has been analyzed here. The focus is on the configuration of the main character and procedures used when writing these novels, procedures which differ from those used previously, in particular those of the testimonial novel.
Voces pancaribeñas en América Central: Anacristina Rossi y Limón Reggae
Authors: Pearson Carol
Published: May 2021

En Limón Reggae, la autora describe las experiencias de una protagonista que no tiene entrada en ningún grupo: nación, raza o grupo político. Son representaciones de las comunidades afrocaribeñas junto con la lucha revolucionaria en El Salvador y las experiencias de los niños de la calle. En After Exile, Amy Kaminsky plantea la presencia de imágenes corporales en la obra de muchos escritores latinoamericanos exiliados o expatriados. Rossi explora situaciones desesperadas centroamericanas y mundiales, junto a una lucha de resistencia. In Limón Reggae, the author describes the experiences of a protagonist who never finds acceptance or inclusion in any group, whether that of nation, ethnicity or politics. We find representations of Afro-Caribbean communities along with the revolutionary struggle in El Salvador and the experiences of present-day street children. In After Exile, Amy Kaminsky acknowledges the presence of images of the body in the work of many Latin American writers who have been exiled or have lived expatriate lives. Rossi explores desperate situations, both Central American and worldwide, together with a resistance struggle.
Notas de un conversatorio sobre la traducción literaria en Centroamérica
Authors: Gapper Sherry E. , Drescher Victor S. , Vargas Gómez Francisco
Published: May 2021

Es la transcripción de sendas participaciones, sobre traducción y traduc- tología, referidas a tres aspectos principales: el desarrollo de esa actividad en Centroamérica (Gapper), el ejercicio práctico en un corpus (Drescher), y la proyección y perspectivas en la región (Vargas). Se señalan asuntos de índole histórica, teórica, y práctica, con el fin de sistematizar la evolución de esa disciplina, en particular en el ámbito de la academia. This is the transcription of the corresponding interventions, on translation and translation studies, regarding three main aspects: the development of the activity in Central America (Gapper), applications in a particular corpus (Drescher), and the projections and perspectives in the region (Vargas). Historical, theoretical and practical issues are addressed, in order to systematize the development of this discipline, particularly in academic spheres.
Morfosintaxis del waunana a partir de un texto tradicional
Authors: Murillo Miranda José Manuel
Published: May 2021

Es una descripción general de los aspectos morfológicos y sintácticos generales de la lengua waunana, a partir de un análisis hecho a una historia tradicional. El estudio se enmarca dentro del trabajo de recopilación y revitalización llevado a cabo por el Programa de Lenguas Indígenas de la Baja Centroamérica. This is a general description of the main morphological and syntactic phenomena of Waunana language, as an outcome of analyzing a traditional story. This study is part of the collection and revitalization work conducted by the Program of Indigenous Languages of the Lower Central America.
Nuestra variedad lingüística como variedad biológica
Authors: Salamanca Danilo
Published: May 2021

El estudio se centra en señalar problemas esenciales sobre las consecuencias culturales ante la pérdida de idiomas ancestrales, en particular referido al patrimonio lingüístico indígena centroamericano. Señala algunas relaciones entre este proceso y las discusiones sobre la protección de los ecosistemas biológicos de la región, y llama la atención sobre las políticas que existen o deberían existir, para recuperar y preservar tanto el componente cultural (los idiomas) como el natural. This study examines essential problems related to the cultural consequences due to the loss of ancestral languages, especially Central American Indigenous languages. It mentions relationships between this process and discussions about the protection of biological ecosystems in the region, and addresses policies that exist, or should exist, to recover and preserve both cultural (linguistic) and natural components.
Cincuenta números de Letras
Authors: Gapper Sherry E.
Published: May 2021

Se ofrece una crónica del desarrollo de Letras, desde su fundación, en 1979, hasta la actualidad. Es un análisis comentado de las políticas editoriales, sus orientaciones académicas generales a lo largo de los años, las áreas disciplinarias y demás asuntos atinentes a una publicación periódica de esta índole. Se señala la diversidad de aspectos y factores que han permitido una lenta evolución, desde un primer perfil entre revista literaria y universitaria, hasta su consolidación como revista académica dedicada a los estudios lingüísticos, literarios, sobre adquisición y enseñanza de lenguas, lenguas indígenas y nuevas corrientes en las ciencias del lenguaje. The development of Letras is chronicled from its founding in 1979 up to the present. An analysis is provided of editorial policies, its general academic orientation as it evolved, the disciplines covered, and other issues characteristic of this type of periodical. Mention is made of a number of aspects and factors which have contributed to its gradual shift from its first profile as a university, literary publication to its consolidation as an academic journal devoted to linguistics, literary studies, language teaching and acquisition, and indigenous languages, along with new currents in language sciences.
Las diversas entonaciones de una sola voz. Historia, ciudadanía y nación en Carlos Monge Alfaro
Authors: Alvarenga Venutolo Patricia
Published: May 2021

Analiza la obra del historiador Carlos Monge Alfaro y explora sus diferentes narrativas de la construcción de la historia desde la perspectiva teórica y de la experiencia del mundo costarricense. Concibe a Monge Alfaro como un autor que ensaya visiones contrapuestas del universo social, y no como un intelectual coherente y aprehensible, constructor de ideas claramente hilvanadas en sus diferentes textos. Cuando Monge Alfaro deja de ser un intelectual de oposición para participar en la construcción de un proyecto hegemónico, reconstituye su discursividad inicial en respuesta a las transformaciones dadas en su concepción de la relación entre el mundo social y el poder. An analysis is presented of the work the historian Carlos Monge Alfaro and of the different ways that he narrates the construction of history from a theoretical perspective and the experience of the Costa Rican world. Monge Alfaro is conceived as an author who presents contradictory views of the social universe and not as a coherent and apprehensible intellectual, constructing ideas which are linked in his different texts. When Monge Alfaro stopped being an intellectual of the opposition to participate in the construction of a hegemonic project, he reconstructed his initial discourse as a response to the transformations present in his conception of the relation between the social world and power.
Palabras como espejos: la identidad en la poesía de Ana Istarú
Authors: Aventín Fontana Alejandra M.
Published: May 2021

La poesía de Ana Istarú se erige a principios del siglo XXI como un imaginario rico y de obligada visita, pues refleja el resultado del proceso histórico de la forja de la identidad del pueblo costarricense tras la independencia de la metrópoli en el marco de su historia literaria, de la centroamericana y en el de habla hispana con toda la problemática que ello implica en territorio tico. Los poemas de La estación de fiebre manifiestan el deseo de independencia e integración de la mujer en el ámbito de lo público a través del cuerpo y de la palabra en el último tercio del siglo XX. Para ello la escritora no duda en denunciar igualmente en su discurso las consecuencias negativas que ha tenido el patriarcado. Ana Istarú’s poetry began to develop in the early twenty-first century as a rich imaginary not to be missed. It reflects the result of a historical process to forge the identity of Costa Ricans after their independence in the framework of literary history and in particular of Central America and the Spanish-speaking community with all the complexity that this involves in Costa Rica. The poems in La estación de fiebre show a desire for independence and the integration of the woman in the public sphere through her body and through her words in the last third of the twentieth century. Likewise, in her writing Istarú does not hesitate to denounce the negative effects of patriarchy.
Globalización neoliberal en Costa Rica: panorama de las tendencias en políticas culturales (1990-2010)
Authors: Mora Ramírez Andrés
Published: May 2021

En los últimos dos decenios, la sociedad costarricense ha pasado por considerables transformaciones enmarcadas en el contexto de la globalización, y bajo el signo del neoliberalismo, visibles en la organización del Estado, la definición del modelo de desarrollo y en el papel de la empresa privada en la definición y promoción de políticas culturales. Las principales tendencias indican que son las fuerzas del mercado y las industrias mediáticas e infocomunicacionales las fuentes del cambio cultural y de una nueva noción de identidad nacional. Over the last two decades, Costa Rican society underwent profound changes in the context of globalization, and under the influence of neoliberalism. Such changes can be identified in the organization of the State, the definition of the development model, and particularly, in the role that private enterprise assumes in defining and promoting cultural policies. The main trends indicate that there are market forces, and media and infocommunication industries that are sources of cultural change and the construction of a new national identity.
Digital twin control of multi-axis wood CNC machining center based on LinuxCNC
Authors: Rakic Aleksandar , Zivanovic Sasa , Dimic Zoran , Knezevic Mladen
Published: May 2021

This paper presents an application of an open architecture control system implemented on a multi-axis wood computer numerical control milling machining center, as a digital twin control. The development of the digital twin control system was motivated by research and educational requirements, especially in the field of configuring a new control system by “virtual commissioning”, enabling the validation of the developed controls, program verification, and analysis of the machining process and monitoring. The considered wood computer numerical control (CNC) machining system is supported by an equivalent virtual machine in a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) environment, as well as in the control system, as a digital twin. The configured virtual machines are used for the verification of the machining program and programming system via machining simulation, which is extremely important in multi-axis machining. Several test wood workpieces were machined to validate the effectiveness of the developed control system based on LinuxCNC.
The effect of chipping method on the geometry of particles produced from date palm frond
Authors: Eghtedarnejad Neda , Najafi Saeed Kazemi , Shalbafan Ali
Published: May 2021

The aim of this research was to study the effect of chipping method on geometry of particles obtained from date palm frond as a lignocellulose residue. For this purpose, date palm fronds were chipped with four different equipment: chipper-flaker, chipper-hammer mill, flaker-hammer mill, and chipper-flaker-hammer mill. The geometry of the particle including particle size, particle size distribution, shape, and aspect ratio were investigated. The results showed that maximum weight percentage (more than 40%) was related to the particles sizes of +30/-40 mesh for all chipping methods and more than 50% of all generated particles had a needle shape. In the chipper-hammer mill method, both the weight percentage of useable particles in particleboard and the particle percentage of the rectangle or nearly rectangle particle were higher. Thus, the chipper-hammer mill method was judged to be the best method.
The Self-Checking Concurrent Error-Detection Systems Synthesis Based on the Boolean Complement to the Bose-Lin Codes with the Modulo Value M=4
Authors:   Russian University of Transport, Moscow, Efanov D.V. , Sapozhnikov V.V. ,   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Sapozhnikov Vl.V. ,   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University
Published: May 2021

The presented paper is devoted to the development of the Boolean complement method for the organization of the self-checking concurrent error-detection (CED) systems for digital devices. The article considers the features of using the modular sum codes (Bose-Lin codes) for these purposes, especially the Bose-Lin code by the modulo M = 4. This code has two check bits and only four different check vectors, this makes it easier to use it in the organization of the self-checking CED system. The article presents the block diagrams of the organization of the CED system by the method of Boolean complement to the considered modular sum code. The examples of the CED system synthesis by the Boolean complement method are given. The article defines the restrictions imposed on the CED systems synthesis procedure, and also forms an algorithm for synthesizing a self-checking CED systems by the method of the Boolean complement to the Bose-Lin code by the modulo M = 4.
The Results of a Statisti-Cal Study of the State of Cyber Protection of the Critical Infor-Mation Infrastructure of Ukrainer
Authors:   Administrative Department of the State Service of the Special Contact to the Information Officer of Ukraine, Bakalynskyi O. , Tsyplynskyi Yu. ,   Administrative Department of the State Service of the Special Contact to the Information Officer of Ukraine, Nechayeva I. ,   Administrative Department of the State Service of the Special Contact to the Information Officer of Ukraine, Dubok V. ,   Administrative Department of the State Service of the Special Contact to the Information Officer of Ukraine
Published: May 2021

Наведено результати виконання доручення прем’єр-міністра України щодо опитування про стан кіберзахисту, яке було проведено в рамках виконання підготовчих заходів до «Огляду стану кіберзахисту критичної інформаційної інфраструктури, дер­жавних інфор­маційних ресурсів та інформації, вимога щодо захисту якої встановлена законом». Актуальність цього дослідження зумовлена тенденціями розвитку фрейм­вор­ку нормативно-правових актів з питань кіберзахисту критичної інфраструктури і сфери націо­нальної безпеки та оборони, а також невідповідністю реального стану справ із кібер­захисту об’єктів критичної інфраструктури (ОКІ) вимогам державної політики щодо захисту таких об’єктів від кіберзагроз і кібератак. Розглянуто практичний досвід про­ведення статистичного опитування організацій, які потенційно можуть бути віднесені до ОКІ, на відповідність до вимог нормативно-правових актів із кіберзахисту об’єктів кри­тичної інформаційної інфраструктури.
Use of Modern Shielding Properties Materials for Technical Protection of Infor-Mation
Authors:   Institute of Special Communication and Information to the Information Officer of    the National Technical   University of Ukraine «Kiev Polytechnic Institute IM. Igor Sikorskogo», Vasyliuk Y. , Zinchenko Y. ,   Institute of Special Communication and Information to the Information Officer of    the National Technical   University of Ukraine «Kiev Polytechnic Institute IM. Igor Sikorskogo», Gnatiuk S. ,   G.E. Pukhov Institute for Modelling in Energy Engineering    National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sofiienko I. ,   Institute of Special Communication and Information to the Information Officer of    the National Technical   University of Ukraine «Kiev Polytechnic Institute IM. Igor Sikorskogo», Petrova D. ,   Vis'kovy Institute of Telecommunications and Information Technologies. Heroiv   Krut
Published: May 2021

Розглянуто основні матеріали для екранів електромагнітного випромінювання і методи їх виготовлення. Проаналізовано екрануючі властивості та електрофізичні характеристи­ки: будівельних матеріалів на основі шунгітових порід; наноструктурованих вуглеце­во­вмісних екранів електромагнітного випромінювання; екрануючих матеріалів на основі синтезу композиційних металоорганічних волокон, а також застосування трикотажно-в'язальної технології для виготовлення екранів і поглиначів електромагнітного випро­мінювання. Описано властивості матеріалів, отриманих на основі синтетичних та натуральних воло­кон, що містять нанорозмірні включення металів і сплавів. Означено перспективи та можливості технічного захисту інформації із застосуванням нових мате­ріалів і конструк­цій для екранування побічних електромагнітних випромінювань інфор­маційних прист­роїв й виробів електронної техніки та придушення негативного впливу електромаг­ніт­ного поля.
A fizetett munkavállalás hatása a felsőoktatási hallgatók egyetemi pályafutására+
Authors: Kocsis Zsófia
Published: May 2021

Összefoglaló. Az utóbbi évtizedek tapasztalatai szerint a nappali
tagozatos felsőoktatási hallgatók fizetett munkavállalását növekvő tendencia
jellemzi, azonban a kutatók nem jutottak konszenzusra az eredményességre
gyakorolt hatásával kapcsolatban. Kutatásunk célja, hogy feltárjuk a hallgatói
munkavállalás hatását az eredményességre és a tanulmányok iránti
elköteleződésre. A Társadalmi és szervezeti tényezők szerepe a hallgatói
lemorzsolódásban című NKFIH által támogatott kutatás (PERSIST 2019)
adatai alapján (N = 2199) a rendszeresen dolgozó hallgatók
eredményesebbek, mint a nem dolgozó társaik. Az elkötelezettség és az oktatókkal
folytatott intenzív kommunikáció, kapcsolattartás terén nincs jelentős különbség
a hallgatói csoportok között. Ebben a vonatkozásban azt láthatjuk, hogy a
rendszeres munkavégzés nem gátolja az egyetemi pályafutásukat, s nem akadályozza
meg az intézményen belüli kapcsolatok kialakítását.

Summary. Research in recent decades has shown an increasing trend in
paid employment for higher education students, but researchers have not reached
a consensus on its impact on performance. The aim of our research is to explore
the impact of student employment on academic performance and engagement to
study. Based on data from PERSIST 2019 (N = 2199), students who
work regularly are more successful than their non-working counterparts.
Furthermore, there is no significant difference between the student groups in
terms of engagement and intensive communication and contact with the lecturers.
In this respect, we can see that regular work does not hinder their university
careers, and nor does prevent the development of relationships within the
institution.
Badania ratownicze osady wczesnośredniowiecznej w Głazowie, stan. 22, pow. sandomierski
Authors:   Instytut Archeologii UMCS, Lublin, Polska, Florek Marek
Published: May 2021

In 2005, rescue excavations were carried out at site 22 (discovered a year earlier) in Głazów. Their aim was to record and explore the features visible in the high balk. Two of the examined features were the remains of smoking chambers (pits), and the third pit could be of an utility function. Based on the pottery sherds found inside, these features should be dated between the beginning of the 9th and the end of the 10th century. However, in the arable layer of the ground and on the surface of the site, there were mainly fragments of ceramics determined to the 12th – 13th centuries. This dating indicates the two-phase settlement of the early medieval site 22 in Głazów: the first phase – 9th – 10th (or the beginning of the 11th century); the second phase – 12th – 13th centuries. The village Głazów, which exists today, is a direct continuation of the settlement of the second phase.
The Unetice Culture Group in palaeosociological perspective
Authors:   Department of Archaeology and Museology Masaryk University, Czech Republic, Pokutta Dalia A. ,   Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, University of Stockholm, Sweden, Vdovchenkov Evgeny ,   Department of Archaeology and History of Ancient World, Southern Federal University, Rostov, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

Based on the current state of knowledge in research on the Unetice culture in Poland, the article discusses several key issues for the reconstruction of palaeosocial prehistoric societies. Departing from the classical definition of archaeological culture, and basing on the results of e.g. bioarchaeological analyzes, the authors discuss the problems of individual and collective identity in the Early Bronze Age (the so-called opera model), and related issues of territoriality, linguistic community and customs. The article presents, among others, the Unietyce funeral rites as well as the typology and evolution of mounds (the so-called prince burials).
Some remarks on new directions in social archaeology of early nomads
Authors:   Department of Archaeology and History of Ancient World, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Vdovchenkov Evgeny , Pokutta Dalia ,   Department of Archaeology and Museology Masaryk University, Czech Republic,   Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, University of Stockholm, Sweden
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the interpretational issues of the so-called actor-network theory (ANT) in relation to the archeology of nomadic societies. Based on selected examples, in particular the analysis of clan symbols, the so-called tamga and military organization units (so-called troops), the authors present potential new interpretations of known cultural phenomena in the archeology of the Great Steppe.
Przemiany osadnicze w międzyrzeczu rzek Szkło i Lubaczówki w epoce brązu i wczesnej epoce żelaza
Authors:   Instytut Archeologii UR, Polska, Jabłkowska Aleksandra
Published: May 2021

The article is a settlement and culture study, in which, after collecting all available sources and their chronological verification, a deep analysis of habitat preferences was carried out in individual cultural units in the area of the Szkło and Lubaczówka rivers in the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. The research performed on settlement and culture study aims to show new results and fill the gap existing in the literature within the San basin in terms of understanding the cultural and settlement variability in the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age (other neighbouring mesoregions already have such studies).
Brama zamku „Golesz” w Krajowicach w świetle badań archeologicznych i prac zabezpieczająco-restauratorskich prowadzonych w latach 2010–2019
Authors:   Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, Polska, Lubelczyk Antoni
Published: May 2021

The subject of the article is a gate of the medieval and modern period castle “Golesz” in the former Sandomierz land. First of all, there is a description of the gate as the only element of the castle that survived on the surface in a degenerate form and was described in this form at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Later, the results of archaeological research and conservation work carried out in 2010–2019 have been presented. A gate system (12×10 m) was recognized, with a thickened section housing two small rooms on the right, a 4-meter-wide passageway in the centre and an outer wall with a buttress on the left. The exposed walls were secured and left in the form of a permanent ruin. Both stages of work at the site have been thoroughly documented on the basis of 3D laser scanning technologies.
Study on the association of SLC2A9 rs16890979 with gout in 410 Vietnamese individuals
Authors: Thang Nguyen Tran Minh , Ngoc Nguyen Thy , Nga Nguyen Thanh , Hai Nong Van , Duong Nguyen Thuy
Published: May 2021

Gout is a common form of inflammatory arthritis caused by crystallization of acid uric in the joints. The development of gout is not only triggered by environmental factors but also by genetic variation of individuals. In this study, the association between the variation SLC2A9 rs16890979 and gout was investigated. Total DNA was extracted from 410 blood samples of 163 gout patients and 247 age-matched healthy controls. Genotypes of SLC2A9 rs16890979 were obtained using PCR-RFLP. Chi-Square test was used to test whether allele distribution of rs16890979 followed Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). Associations of the clinical characteristics between gout patient and control groups were assessed using Mann-Whitney U. Chi-Square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to check four models (additive, recessive, dominant, co-dominant) for association of rs16890979 with gout. The obtained results showed that the allele distribution of SLC2A9 rs16890979 was in accordance with HWE (p > 0.05). Clinical characteristics such as triglyceride and creatinine were significantly different between gout patient and control groups. However, there was no association of rs16890979 with the risk of gout in Vietnamese population. Further study with a larger sample size should be implemented to confirm our results regarding the association of SLC2A9 rs16890979 with gout in the Vietnamese population. This study would help enrich the knowledge about the effects of hereditary factors on gout disease in the Vietnamese population.
First record of Xiphinema hunaniense Wang & Wu, 1992 (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) associated with tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) in Thanh Hoa, Vietnam
Authors: Linh Le Thi Mai , Tien Nguyen Huu , Duyen Nguyen Thi , Phap Trinh Quang
Published: May 2021

The dagger nematodes, Xiphinema spp., are migratory root-ectoparasitic nematodes that cause damage to a wide range of wild and cultivated plants over the world. In Vietnam, this nematode group has been studied mainly based on morphological characterizations. During a survey of pathogens associated with tea, a plant with many medicinal and therapeutic potentials, a population of Xiphinema hunaniense was recorded. This study provides the first morphological and molecular characterizations of Xiphinema hunaniense found on Tea in Vietnam. The 28S rDNA, and 18S rDNA phylogenetic trees of the genus Xiphinema are also provided. 18S rDNA sequence of X. hunaniense is also submitted to GenBank for the first time.
Effects of  in vitro  plant ages on the subsequent growth of  Plumbago indica  l. after  ex vitro  transplantation
Authors: Khoa Tran Tu , Duy Pham Minh , Huong Tran Thi , Quynh Nguyen Thi
Published: May 2021

The Indian leadwort (Plumbago indica L.) of the family Plumbaginaceae is a plant with high pharmaceutical value, as it contains plumbagin, a naphthoquinone with antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer properties. Among the propagation methods for the Indian leadwort, in vitro propagation is considered an effective method in producing disease-free transplants in a short period of time with high propagation rate. When plants grown in vitro are transferred to ex vitro condition, the environmental factors in the nursery house such as light, temperature, humidity and microorganism in the soil will affect their growth. Characteristics of transplants themselves is also critical for the subsequent growth. It is, thus, essential to establish the standards to evaluate and qualify in vitro plants for transplanting to ex vitro condition. Among these standards, the culture age of in vitro plants affects the maturations of their root, stem and leaves, which can in turn influence the acclimating ability and growth of in vitro plants after transplantation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the culture age of in vitro Indian leadwort plants on their performance during ex vitro stage. For this purpose, three different culture ages of uniform in vitro plants, 35, 42 and 49 day-old, were studied. After 28 days of cultivation in the nursery house under the light intensity of 70 ± 10 µmol m-2 s-1, temperature of 35 ± 4 oC and relative humidity (RH) of 60 ± 10%, all three treatments achieved 100% survival rate. Increased fresh and dry weights and percentage of dry matter after cultivation in ex vitro condition were not statistically different between 42 day-old and 49 day-old in vitro plants, but were significantly different between these plants and 35 day-old in vitro plants. The development of shoot and root in ex vitro stage of 42 day-old and 49 day-old in vitro plants was more balanced, as shown by the higher ratio of shoot/root dry weight, than 35 day-old in vitro plants. The results of this study showed that for this Plumbago species, bigger in vitro plants led to better growth during ex vitro stage. These results also indicated that it was possible to transfer in vitro Plumbago plants to ex vitro condition after 5 weeks of in vitro culture stage.
Polymorphism of the TMPRSS2 gene relating to COVID-19 subceptibility in Vietnamese population
Authors: Ton Nguyen Dang , Nhung Vu Phuong , Trang Duong Thu , Hoa Nguyen Thi Thanh , Nam Nguyen Hoai , Thuan Hoang Thi , Son Ho Anh , Hai Nguyen Thi Thanh , Thach Pham Ngoc , Hai Nong Van , Ha Nguyen Hai
Published: May 2021

Recently, a contagious lung disease named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), rapidly spread worldwide and has many serious consequences for human health. Human genetic polymorphisms may contribute to the variation of incidence, mortality as well as severity of COVID-19. To date, this factor in the Vietnamese population remains unknown. A cellular protease termed transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) was found to play a vital role in the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. In this study, we investigated polymorphisms in the TMPRSS2 gene from 270 whole exome sequencing data of Vietnamese peoples. We also employed bioinformatics tools including SIFT, Polyphen-2, and PROVEAN to predict the possible function of missense variants. A total of 34 TMPRSS2 variants were identified, of which, 29 were in non-coding regions and 14 were in coding regions. Variants found in exons included seven synonymous and seven non-synonymous point mutations, one of which was novel mutation (c.A1336C/p.R446R). Mutation c.G589A/p.V197M (rs12329760) possesses the highest frequency and was predicted to have the ability to damage protein by SIFT and Polyphen-2. In addition, the damaging possibility was also found in c.T244G/p.Y82D and c.C896T/p.A299V variants. This study contributes to the understanding of Vietnamese genetic variation databases relating to susceptibility to COVID-19.
A new and highest record of Tylototriton notialis (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae)
Authors: Nishikawa Kanto , Sanamxay Daosavanh , Kurita Takaki , Hibino Masatoshi , Jono Teppei , Tao Nguyen Thien
Published: May 2021

Short Communications
Expression and characterization of recombinant trehalose synthase in Bacillus subtilis<\i>
Authors: Trieu Nguyen Ngoc , Quynh Nguyen Thi , Hoang Nguyen Duc , Dat Nguyen Manh , Long Tran Duc , Loan Nguyen Thi Hong
Published: May 2021

Trehalose synthase (TreS, EC 2.4.1.245) is a potential catalyst for synthesis of trehalose, an important natural disaccharide. In this study, the treS gene of Pseudomonas putida (VTCC 12263) was cloned into pHT01 plasmid at BamHI-XbaI position, expressed in Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) 1012, and characterized. The recombinant TreS had molecular weight of 68 kDa when fused with 8xHis tag at the C-terminus. catalyzed conversion of maltose to trehalose in optimal conditions had specific activity of 1.664 U/g. Expression of TreS was highest when B. subtilis 1012 harboring pHT01-treS was cultured in TB medium at 30 oC, induced with 1.0 mM IPTG when OD600 reached 0.8 and harvested after 10 hours of induction. The recombinant TreS purified by Ni-sepharose chromatography had specific activity of 41.700 U/g and formed a single band on Western blot with monoclonal antibody against His-tag. The recombinant TreS had optimal activity at 37 oC in 100 mM pH 7.4 PBS and 300 mM maltose. It was inhibited by NaCl, KCl and MgCl2 (retaining 45% or 75% specific activity in buffer containing 5 mM KCl or 5 mM MgCl2, respectively) and stimulated by imidazol (with specific activity increasing by 30–200%).
Effects of alcohol extract from defatted soybean meal on bile acid level, digestive enzyme activity and nutrient digestibility of pompano (Trachinotus blochii)
Authors: Hung Nguyen Phuc , Thinh Do Van
Published: May 2021

Defatted soybean meal (SBM), which is produced by defatting soybean with solvents, has been considered as the most cost-effective substitute for fish meal (FM) in fish diets. However, SBM contains alcohol-soluble components which may interfere with growth performance and digestive physiology of fish. This study examined the effects of alcohol extract (Ext) containing alcohol-soluble components extracted from SBM on bile acid level, digestive enzyme activity and nutrient digestibility of pompano Trachinotus blochii. SBM was processed and separated into Ext and ethanol-extracted SBM (ESBM), thus, ESBM was SBM without alcohol-soluble components. Four experimental diets were formulated, denoted as FMD (FM-based diet), SBMD (SBM-based diet), ESBMD (ESBM-based diet), and ESBM+ExtD (ESBM-based diet plus Ext). Each diet was fed to two groups of fish (20 fish/group, 25 g/fish) for 4 weeks. Results showed that plasma lipid components, anterior intestinal bile acid level, anterior intestinal trypsin and lipase activities, and protein and lipid apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of SBMD -fed fish were similar to those of ESBM+ExtD-fed fish. These parameters were significantly lower in SBMD-fed and ESBM+ExtD-fed fish than in ESBMD-fed and FMD-fed fish (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in plasma total cholesterol level, trypsin activity, and protein ADC between ESBMD and FMD groups, however, total bile acid level, lipase activity, and lipid ADC were significantly lower in ESBMD -fed fish than fish fed FMD (P < 0.05). These results indicated that alcohol extract containing alcohol-soluble components extracted from SBM inhibited the secretions of bile acids and pancreatic digestive enzymes in pompano fish, and these abnormalities might impair nutrient digestion and absorption. The findings of the present study suggested that removing alcohol extract and supplementation of taurine could be effective for improving nutritional quality of SBM and enhancing feed utilization and growth performance of pompano which were fed SBM-based diets.
New records of cascade frogs of the genus Odorrana  (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae) from Vietnam
Authors: Cuong Pham The , Minh Le Duc , Hanh Ngo Thi , Truong Nguyen Quang
Published: May 2021

Odorrana fengkaiensis was recorded for the first time from Vietnam based on a new amphibian collection from Cao Bang, Bac Kan, Bac Giang, Quang Ninh provinces. Sequences of the specimens from Vietnam were identical to those of the paratypes of O. fengkaiensis from China. In addition, O. trankieni was newly recorded from Hoa Binh and Bac Giang provinces, Northern Vietnam, including the first description of female individuals. Genetic divergence between O. trankieni from Vietnam and its sister species, O. nasuta from China, ranged from 1.42 to 2.66%. The intra-specific genetic distance within O. trankieni ranged from 0.68 to 1.88% between the northeastern and northwestern populations.
Fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos associados ao tempo para o início do tratamento de câncer de cólon e reto no Brasil, 2006-2015
Authors: Lima Mariana Araujo Neves , Villela Daniel Antunes Maciel
Published: May 2021

O câncer de cólon e reto apresenta alta incidência mundialmente, porém a letalidade da doença é maior em países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos associados ao atraso para o início de tratamento de câncer de cólon e reto em hospitais no Brasil. Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo com dados dos registros hospitalares de câncer no Brasil de 2006 a 2015. O desfecho analisado é o tempo para início do tratamento de câncer de cólon e reto e possíveis associações entre variáveis sociodemográficas e referentes a fatores clínicos. Observaram-se disparidades no tempo para início do tratamento de acordo com estratos sociodemográficos e regiões geográficas. Há maior chance de atraso para o início do tratamento de câncer de cólon em pacientes com idade acima de 50 anos, de raça/cor de pele preta (OR = 1,50; IC95%: 1,21-1,84) e parda (OR = 1,28; IC95%: 1,17-1,42), analfabetos (OR = 1.50; IC95%: 1,19-1,90) ou com baixa escolaridade e cujo tratamento ocorreu em um município distinto de sua residência (OR = 1,25; IC95%: 1,14-1,38). Em pacientes com câncer de reto, há maior chance de atraso para o início do tratamento entre os casos com idade acima de 50 anos, de raça/cor de pele preta (OR = 1,44; IC95%: 1,20-1,72) e parda (OR = 1,29; IC95%: 1,19-1,39), analfabetos (OR = 1,71; IC95%: 1,40-2,09) ou com baixa escolaridade e cujo tratamento ocorreu em um município distinto de sua residência (OR = 1,35; IC95%: 1,25-1,47). Como conclusão, maior atenção deve ser destinada a reduzir o tempo para iniciar o tratamento nas regiões desfavorecidas e nos estratos identificados com barreiras de acesso ao tratamento em tempo oportuno.
Os usos do conceito de populismo no debate contemporâneo e suas implicações sobre a interpretação da democracia
Authors: Cassimiro Paulo Henrique Paschoeto
Published: May 2021

Resumo: O objetivo do presente artigo é oferecer uma interpretação de algumas das leituras recentes sobre o populismo, detendo-se em dois aspectos fundamentais dos usos do conceito: (i) distinguir que tipo de processos políticos o populismo pretende explicar e se seu uso é suficiente para diferenciá-lo analiticamente de outros fenômenos semelhantes; e (ii) entender como tais interpretações articulam o populismo com uma compreensão do funcionamento e da eventual crise da democracia. A tese aqui é a de que os usos do conceito de populismo sempre se definem a partir de uma determinada concepção de democracia e, por conseguinte, do tipo de conflito que a ação política populista desperta em seu interior. Usos diversos do conceito de populismo pressupõem leituras diferentes e expectativas distintas sobre a interação entre representação e democracia e, portanto, estão relacionados com concepções diferentes sobre os limites da relação entre legitimidade democrática e instituições políticas.
Entre saída e voz: a renda básica na economia política do neorrepublicanismo
Authors: Silva Ricardo
Published: May 2021

Resumo: O artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o debate neorrepublicano sobre política de renda básica, enfocando a dimensão normativa das disputas sobre a adequação dessa política a uma economia política destinada a garantir as bases materiais da liberdade como não dominação. Após tratar da conexão entre liberdade e propriedade na tradição republicana e de expor os argumentos dos teóricos neorrepublicanos a favor da renda básica, apresento as principais objeções formuladas por partidários de vertentes mais radicais do republicanismo. Tais objeções baseiam-se nos supostos déficits de reciprocidade e de ação coletiva decorrentes da opção da renda básica pela “saída”, em detrimento da “voz”, em estratégias contenção da dominação. Sem deixar de reconhecer a pertinência dos questionamentos dos críticos, concluo que os possíveis impactos negativos em termos de reciprocidade e ação coletiva não são suficientes para excluir a renda básica da economia política do neorrepublicanismo, uma vez que não há incompatibilidade necessária entre saída e voz na configuração das estratégias contra a dominação. Ao contrário, como regra geral, a ameaça credível de saída funciona como um meio eficiente de aumentar a voz.
REPRODUCIBILITY OF MODIFIED WALDENSTRÖM CLASSIFICATION IN PERTHES DISEASE
Authors: CORDEIRO FELIPPI GUIZARDI , GRANGEIRO PATRICIA MORENO , MASSA BRUNO SÉRGIO FERREIRA , MONTENEGRO NEI BOTTER , GUARNIERO ROBERTO
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of our study is to evaluate intraobserver and interobserver reliability of modified Waldenström classification system for Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and assess the influence of the professional’s area of expertise in the assessment. Methods: Twelve evaluators assessed 40 pairs of pelvic radiographs of patients with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. After two weeks, a new evaluation was performed by the same evaluators. Kappa and Kendall’s W indexes were used to evaluate both intraobserver and interobserver reliability and determine the influence of the evaluators’ experience and area of expertise. Results: The average intraobserver kappa value was 0.394, with a reasonable agreement level. The interobserver Kappa value was 0.243 in the first evaluation (95% CI, 0.227-0.259 and p < 0.0001) and 0.245 in the second evaluation (95% CI, 0.229-0.260 and p < 0.0001). The Kendall’s W values obtained for pediatric orthopedists, radiologists and resident physicians were 0.686, 0.630 and 0.529 (p < 0.0001), respectively. Conclusion: The modified Waldenström classification presented both moderate and reasonable levels of intraobserver agreement, and reasonable level of interobserver agreement. The evaluators’ degree of experience and area of expertise influenced the concordance level found. Level of Evidence II, Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a Diagnostic Test.
Formulae derived from Anthropometric Measurements to Estimate Ideal Tibial Nail Length
Authors: ALBAY CEM , KAYGUSUZ MEHMET AKIF
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: Ideal Nail Length (INL) provides better outcomes after Intramedullary Nailing (IMN) of Tibia Shaft Fractures (TSF). Intraoperative methods do not allow for preoperative planning. Changing the nail may cause complications. X-rays are commonly used, but displacement or magnification errors may occur. Forearm measurements may be benefical in bilateral TSF. We aim to examine correlations of anthropometric measurements (AMs) and INL and use them to obtain formulae. Materials and methods: Tuberositas Tibia-Medial Malleolus (TM), Tuberositas Tibia-Ankle joint (TA), knee-ankle joint (JJ), and olecranon tip-5th Metacarpal head (OM) distances were evaluated in 76 IMN patients. Correlation analyses were performed and the results used to create formulae. Results: The correlations between INL and TM-left, TM-right, TA-left, TA-right, OM-left, OM-right, JJ-left, JJ-right were 0.81, 0.83, 0.77, 0.77, 0.82, 0.80, 0.90, 0.91 respectively for males; and 0.93, 0.89, 0.88, 0.86, 0.80, 0.82, 0.90, 0.89 respectively for females. AMs show excellent correlation in both sexes (p<0.0001). Regression analysis was statistically significant in all formulae. The most compatible correlations in males were JJ-right and JJ-left; and in females, TM-left, TM-right, and JJ-right. Conclusion: The most compatible correlations wth INL were JJ in males, and TM and JJ in females. OM can be used in the presence of bilateral TSF, edema, wounds and obesity. AMs are useful preoperatively. The formulae can be used to ensure INL and reduce errors, time and radiation. Level of Evidence: Level I, Testing of previously developed diagnostic criteria on consecutive patients (with the universally applied reference gold standard).
Management of the health workforce in facing COVID-19: disinformation and absences in Brazil’s Public Policies
Authors: Leite Silvana Nair , Finkler Mirelle , Martini Jussara Gue , Heidemann Ivonete , Verdi Marta , Hellmann Fernando , Vásquez Maria Fernanda
Published: May 2021

Abstract The objective of this research was to analyse federal government interventions in crisis management and the consequences for health professionals. This is a documentary-type qualitative research. Brazilian Federal regulations referring to work and health education produced during the pandemic emergency of COVID-19, published from January 28 to June 2, 2020, were identified. Of the total of 845 documents, 62 were selected in accordance with the inclusion criteria and were then submitted to Thematic Content Analysis. The results and discussions were grouped into four categories:workforce management, workforce protection, workforce training and academic-workforce relationship. Absence of a federal coordinating actions and policies for desinformation were identified. This lacking mechanisms for coordination contributed decisively to the tragic epidemiological situation still underway, especially in terms of the exposure of health workers to the risk of contamination, revealed in the extremely high rates of professionals infected or killed by COVID-19 in Brazil and the failure to control the pandemic in the population.
Planejamento e apoio no processo de trabalho das equipes de atenção básica no Nordeste: análise do PMAQ-AB (3º ciclo)
Authors: Silva Gladston Thalles da , Carvalho Ferdinando Oliveira , Vieira-Meyer Anya Pimentel Gomes Fernandes , Gomes Gessyka Mayara Soares , Bezerra Lis Maria Machado Ribeiro , Camelo Rayssa Veras , Barbosa Filho Valter Cordeiro
Published: May 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é descrever os indicadores referentes ao planejamento e apoio no processo de trabalho reportados pelas Equipes de Saúde da Família, a partir do 3º ciclo do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) na região Nordeste do Brasil. Estudo transversal, utilizando dados secundários da avaliação externa do 3º ciclo do PMAQ-AB. Dezesseis indicadores foram utilizados para averiguar as ações do processo de trabalho das equipes. Avaliaram-se 14.489 equipes de saúde da família que aderiram ao programa. Dentre os indicadores avaliados, verificou-se que as equipes realizaram reunião e planejamento das ações, autoavaliação, monitoramento e análise dos indicadores de saúde para reorganização do processo de trabalho, evidenciando os fatores determinantes e condicionantes. Nos indicadores de apoio institucional e apoio matricial para resolução de casos complexos, destacam-se a vigilância em saúde e o Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família (NASF). Identificou-se que ocorreram melhorias no processo de trabalho das equipes na região Nordeste, porém, ainda precisa mudar a realidade de trabalho fragmentada e verticalizada, favorecendo um panorama de trabalho em equipe e compartilhado, influenciando diretamente no processo de trabalho.