bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Gift of Emperor Michael, Papal Textiles with Chrysoclabas and Figurative Art in the Period of Iconoclasm
Authors: Grotowski Piotr
Published: May 2021

On Christmas of the year 811, Emperor Michael I Rhangabe solemnly crowned his elder son Theophylact in the church of Hagia Sophia. On this occasion, he offered to the cathedral numerous precious gifts, among which was a set of four curtains embroidered with gold and purple. Sacred images were depicted on them. These textiles did not survive to our times, and are known to us only thanks to the short record in the Theophanes’ Chronicle. However, it is possible to reconstruct their form on the basis of preserved contemporary examples. The practice of donating silks decorated with figural religious motifs to churches is confirmed by the Book of Pontiffs. The source mentions gifts given by popes Hadrian I (772–795), Leo III (795–816), Paschal I (817–824), Gregory IV (827–844) and Leo IV (847–855) to shrines in Rome and Ravenna. The textiles mentioned by the source include both those decorated with ornamental motifs (griffins, crosses) and those adorned with evangelical scenes (Annunciation, Nativity, Entry into Jerusalem, Passion, Ascension, Descent of the Holy Spirit) and images of Christ and saints. The word chrisoclabum (or chrisoclavum), which is repeated in written sources, seems to relate to compositions placed inside medallions, and perhaps also to exceptionally precious appliqués of gold and purple fastened to the textile background.  Already 75 years ago, Wolfgang F. Volbach sought to associate two pieces of silk samits with the Annunciation and Nativity scenes (kept at the Vatican Museo Sacro; initially dated to the 6th c.) with papal gifts from the turn of 8th and 9th c. His hypothesis, accepted by most scholars, has recently been disputed by Anna Muthesius, who suggests a later date for both silks (after 843). Due to this fact, it seems necessary to offer a new analysis and interpretation of both textiles that will rely on the current body of knowledge about the Byzantine art of 8th and 9th c.
The Characteristics of Italian Collections of Gilt Leather as an Element of the Research into the Provenance of the Gilt-Leather Wall Hangings in Wawel Royal Castle
Authors: Sieradzka-Malec Ojcumiła
Published: May 2021

The Wawel Royal Castle is home to a large collection of gilt-leather upholstery from the Baroque period (1720s). They were not part of the original furnishing of the Wawel Caste, but were acquired in 1930s from the castle in Moritzburg, the seat of Elector of Saxony and King of Poland, Augustus II the Strong. In the course of complex studies on these wall hangings, the question of their provenance has not been investigated yet. Knowing that the king was interested in gilt leather from Venice, I am focusing on the collections found in several regions of Italy. The largest assemblage of gilt leather in Europe can be found in Palazzo Chigi in Ariccia. Thanks to the preserved archival materials of the Chigi family, their provenance has been linked to Roman workshops, even the names of craftsmen, and the dates of origin have been established, which is an extraordinarily rare exception. When it comes to other collections found in Rome, Umbria, Tuscany and Bologna, there is no data concerning the provenance of the pieces of art, nor the palce and source of their purchase. The largest collections of gilt leather can be found in two museums: the Stefano Bardini and the Stibbert museums, which constitute the embodiment of the collecting passion characteristic of the late 19th century. When compared with the leathers from Kraków, the Italian ones are earlier, as most of them are dated to the 17th century, they also differ in their decorative patterns and character respectively. Their decorations (the arrangement and motifs) echo the patterns used on fabrics. Unfortunately, in the archival material investigated and presented here there are no examples of gilt wall hangings that are decoratively analogous to the ones found in the collection of the Wawel Castle. In regards to the techniques used, the gilt leathers from Kraków feature those with a flat surface, variegated with the aid of punching, and with patterns highlighted with paint, which were most often manufactured in Italy.  The technological aspects, however, cannot confirm where a given piece was made, as flat gilt leather was produced in other European countries. Similarly the place of origin cannot be determined by the analysis of the type of punching used. On account of that, the topic requires further investigation, with emphasis on the study of Venetian workshops.
Three histories of one Slovakia. On Polish literature of the interwar period on the situation of Slovaks in the face of the fall of the Habsburg monarchy
Authors: Świątek Adam
Published: May 2021

The aim of this article is to show the attitude of Polish interwar literature (political commentary, historiography) towards the role of Slovaks in building the First Czechoslovak Republic and their situation in the state they shared with Czechs. The collected material has been divided into three categories: pro-Hungarian, pro-Czech (pro-Czechoslovak) and pro-Slovak, but the author also notes an interest in Slovakia related to the Slavic studies conducted during the Second Polish Republic. The works discussed in this article attempted to compare the Slovaks’ situation under the Hungarian rule and in Czechoslovakia; to answer the question whether the Czechoslovak nation existed; and to suggest to whom the Polish state should bind its future on the international arena (support Hungary’s aspirations to recover Slovakia, establish good relations with Prague, or support the Slovak nationalist movement against Czechs).
The 1416 Indulgence for the Franciscan Friary in Ashmiany: Context and Text
Authors: Baronas Darius
Published: May 2021

This article contains the edition of the newly found letter of indulgence that was granted by three Roman Cardinals: Francesco Lando, Antonio Pancera, and Francesco Zabarella, for the no-longer extant Franciscan friary in Ashmiany in present-day Belarus. It was issued on 16 January 1416 during the Council of Constance, sede vacante. The text of this indulgence has been preserved as a copy in the collection of documents of the above-mentioned friary that was compiled in the early seventeenth century (now kept at Vilnius University Library, Manuscript Department, F. 114–13). For the time being, this text represents one of the earliest known indulgences related to a specific religious house in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and thus makes part and parcel of the meagre fund of primary sources illuminating the first steps in the process of Christianization of post-conversion Lithuania. This indulgence may also serve as a clue allowing us to expand the circle of the known participants from Lithuania at the Council of Constance by including Friars Minor, whose scope of service for the Grand Dukes of Lithuania still awaits a more thorough investigation.
Giacomo Zabarella, the Author of a Dedication to King Stephen Báthory
Authors: Liana Zbigniew
Published: May 2021

In 1577, Stefan Báthory King of Poland decided to create a college in Krakow modelled on the royal college in Paris. To this end, he invited eminent foreign scholars to lecture there. One of them was Paduan philosopher and logician Giacomo Zabarella (1533−1589). He rejected the king’s generous offer, but dedicated to him his own work Opera logica (1578). This fact has been variously described in European historiography due to an erroneous indication given by one biographer. the present article is an introduction to the edition of the dedication and presents its historical and historiographical context. It opens with a presentation of Giacomo Zabarella’s life and work and his exceptional position in the academic world of the era. Next, the historical context of Báthory’s invitation and its historiography are discussed. the third section contains socio-economic aspects of the invitation and Zabarella’s refusal as well as a cultural and literary context of his dedication. A comparison with similar literary works of the epoch allows to understand its panegyrical character and is supplemented with a presentation of Zabarella’s Italian epigram in praise of King Stephen along with its English translation.
Portrayals of Mikołaj Zebrzydowski’s in Literature and Art
Authors: Płonka Mirosław
Published: May 2021

Together with first 19th century literary visions by J.U. Niemcewicz, there appeared an image of M. Zebrzydowski as a proud magnate who, driven by private interest, contributed to Poland’s downfall. Opponents of such portrayals of Zebrzydowski also took the opportunity to voice their opinions in that period. As a result, interest in Mikołaj Zebrzydowski as a partly mysterious figure grew, and his attitude was re-interpreted, sometimes looking at his rebellion from the perspective of contemporary events. In spite of the keen interest in Zebrzydowski in the second half of the 19th century, no answer was found to the commonly asked question of his attitude. In connection with the 400th anniversary of Mikołaj Zebrzydowski’s death, the author analyzed the portrayals of Zebrzydowski, starting with those created during his life to the 19th-century works, in an attempt to determine the reason for the extreme ways in which the magnate of Zebrzydowice was portrayed. Visual images are juxtaposed with literary descriptions, since information contained in these sources is complimentary (e.g. we may ascertain Zebrzydowski’s appearance).
Addressing Constraints for Effective Project Finance for Infrastructure Projects in Emerging Economies – the Case of Zimbabwe
Authors: Tshehla M. F. , Mukudu E.
Published: May 2021

The infrastructure deficit in developing countries is vast and current developmental initiatives fail to meet the requirements. There is a need for housing, clean water, sewerage facilities, transport and telecommunications infrastructure. The development of infrastructure requires large amounts of funding, which could be a project or non-recourse finance. The levels of project finance allocated to developing countries are much smaller compared to the developed world. The purpose of this paper is to determine the critical success factors for accessing project finance for infrastructure development in a developing country, Zimbabwe. This study employed the quantitative approach using a survey questionnaire to address various aspects that are important when lenders advance project finance. The questionnaire was distributed to participating organizations comprised of lenders, borrowers and investors with the higher numbers being borrowers. These organizations include banks in Zimbabwe that offer project finance for infrastructure, Pension funds which invest in infrastructure, Multilateral agencies operating in Zimbabwe, and Municipalities of major cities in Zimbabwe. The interrater reliability of the individual factors was calculated. Also, the aggregate interrater reliability for the different attributes was determined using Cronbach's alpha value. A total of 33 factors under five attributes were identified: governmental, financing, project, special purpose vehicle, and politics and economics were identified as being critical for accessing project finance. These factors were ranked according to their significance index or importance. Only 12 factors were considered as extremely important as critical success factors for project financing in Zimbabwe. The contribution of this study is to provide government, project finance agencies, private sector and other stakeholders interested in infrastructure projects with a list of the most important critical success factors for infrastructure projects in a developing country.
Fashion industry: a transition to sustainability or a new acceleration?
Authors: Petushkova Galina , Smirnova Vera
Published: May 2021

Nowadays fashion industry is undergoing a grave crisis caused by its incapability to comply with the ongoing acceleration in new ideas and goods production. At the same time fashion surprisingly faces overproduction and huge volumes of goods that become obsolete significantly faster than unfit to use which harm environment. That is why today one of the main goals for all of the fashion market’s participants is the sustainable development of fashion with the use of innovations. The latter are supposed to either fully overcome or significantly reduce negative impacts.
The objective of this article is to develop an answer to the issue whether the deceleration in fashion and its further sustainable development could be achieved by introducing innovations. The authors address fashion as one of the most typical phenomena representing the culture of modernity, therefore, the answer to the issue requires considering fashion in terms of theories that describe the principles of modern society.
The article suggests considering the ongoing acceleration of fashion in terms of a contemporary theory on the culture of modernity which originated from the so-called Ritter School. The basic concepts of this theory are described in works of one of the School‘s main representatives – Hermann Lübbe. In his work, “Im Zug der Zeit: Verkürzter Aufenthalt in der Gegenwart”, Lübbe describes the key processes and phenomena of modernity which according to the authors of this article are typical of modern fashion industry as well.
The article considers the key features of modern fashion industry – high velocity, diversity, liability to both technological and artistic innovation, short life span of its products and vast museumification – in terms of Lübbe’s theory. The authors emphasize the main course of innovations in fashion – its digitalization. It is predetermined by the ongoing Fourth Industrial Revolution. The article observes digitalization‘s impacts on fashion industry. Considering these factors in the whole allows forecasting the direction the fashion industry is likely to take in the future according to the theory.
Traducción y adaptación transcultural instrumento Seguridad de Paciente en Administración de Medicamentos Pediatría: Versión español
Authors: Sandoval Lilia Jannet Saldarriaga , Lima Francisca Elisângela Teixeira , Gurgel Sabrina de Souza , Freitas Igor de , Barbosa Lorena Pinheiro , Almeida Paulo César de
Published: May 2021

Resumen Objetivo Traducir, adaptar e validar el contenido del instrumento Seguridad del paciente en la Administración de Medicamentos en Pediatría versión portugués para el español en la realidad de Perú. Método Estudio metodológico, a partir de las etapas: traducción inicial para idioma español por dos traductores independientes; síntesis de las traducciones; Retrotraducción de la síntesis del instrumento para el idioma de origen; test de la versión prefinal con tres enfermeras y evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento en la versión español, de acuerdo validación de contenido y de confiabilidad. Fue aprobado por el comité de ética. Resultados las etapas de traducción y retrotraducción por el comité de especialistas consolido las versiones y componentes del instrumento y las traducidas quedando la versión prefinal del instrumento para testar en la práctica asistencial después de realizadas modificaciones en la redacción de algunos ítems de la versión traducida. En el análisis de las propiedades psicométricas, el Coeficiente de validez de contenido obtenida por el comité de especialistas es adecuado (>0,80), con Alfa de Cronbach final del instrumento de 0,91. Conclusión el instrumento Seguridad del Paciente en la Administración de Medicamentos en Pediatría – versión español se encuentra traducido, adaptado, validado y adecuada confiabilidad.
Study on the factors of delay in construction works
Authors: Carvalho André Brasil , Maués Luiz Maurício Furtado , Moreira Felipe de Sá , Reis Caio José Losada
Published: May 2021

Abstract The delay in civil construction works is observed globally and affects the economy of countries. Therefore, identifying the causes of delays is of paramount importance to minimize their consequences. This paper aims at identifying the causes of delay in construction works and their analysis and existing correlations through statistical factor analysis. The research methodology included a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), a Survey Research through questionnaires and interviews was conducted, as well as the identification of the main causes of delay through the Relative Importance Index (RIL) and the ABC Curve. Finally, factor analysis of the causes of delay was performed, not limiting only to their identification. The results showed that the 12 identified causes are correlated to 4 delay factors, which account for 69.18% of the sample variance: supply management (21.41%); workforce management (20,79%); project management (17.64%) and management of climatic conditions (9.34%). It is concluded hereby that the delay factors mentioned herein can be considered management deficiencies in the projects and that the research has expanded the knowledge on construction delays, thus contributing to the frontier of knowledge to mitigate this problem in several countries, especially developing ones.
Complexidade, leis de escala urbana e perdas na distribuição de água potável: análise da rede de cidades do sul do Brasil
Authors: Vargas Júlio Celso Borello , Azevedo Bárbara Brzezinski
Published: May 2021

Resumo O fornecimento de água potável às populações urbanas sofre com perdas derivadas tanto de vazamentos como de uso não autorizado. Esse subproduto da urbanização é desproporcionalmente maior em cidades grandes, o que sugere sua origem em mecanismos sociotécnicos complexos cujo comportamento se torna aparentemente imprevisível à medida que aumenta a atividade social. Com o objetivo de verificar essa hipótese e encontrar regularidades quantitativas entre o tamanho das cidades, o tamanho dos sistemas de distribuição e as perdas, analisamos a rede de municípios do sul do Brasil a partir da “Nova Ciência das Cidades”. Encontramos distribuições estatísticas altamente hierárquicas típicas de sistemas complexos naturais, bem como regimes de escala não lineares entre a população e os indicadores selecionados: expoente < 1para o tamanho da rede (extensão, no de ligações, volume produzido) e > 1 para o volume de perdas. As perdas, coerentemente, apresentaram maior volume per capita conforme aumentou a população, com “retornos crescentes” comparáveis a produtos da atividade social como diplomas universitários ou depósitos bancários. O estudo traz uma visão complementar ao problema das perdas, sugerindo certo grau de previsibilidade em nível regional, podendo assim contribuir para o planejamento e a gestão do fornecimento de água nas cidades brasileiras.
Efeito barreira em cidades médias brasileiras: o caso de viagens não motorizadas em São Carlos, SP
Authors: Jesus Mylena Cristine Rodrigues de , Lara Daniela Vanessa Rodriguez , Silva Antônio Nélson Rodrigues da
Published: May 2021

Resumo Sistemas de transporte visam melhorar as condições de mobilidade. Podem, no entanto, provocar efeitos negativos sobre os deslocamentos, como é o caso do efeito barreira. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar se uma via urbana se constitui em uma barreira para deslocamentos a pé, bem como identificar variáveis que alteram a percepção dos pedestres sobre esse efeito. A via estudada, localizada em uma cidade média (São Carlos, SP), apresenta intenso tráfego motorizado. Um questionário foi utilizado para identificar características pessoais (idade, renda, etc.) e padrões de viagens e mobilidade (dificuldades de caminhar, percepções sobre o tráfego, etc.). Os dados de 103 respondentes foram examinados com o teste Qui-quadrado de independência, em busca de evidências de associações entre as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos entrevistados ao andar a pé e suas características individuais e percepções do efeito barreira. No caso da percepção do efeito barreira devido à velocidade e ao volume de tráfego, há evidências de associação entre os trechos que exigem esforço físico excessivo, ruas muito largas e poluição sonora ou do ar. Assim, a via analisada representa, em alguns aspectos, uma barreira aos deslocamentos a pé.
Tourismophobia or touristification? An analysis of the impacts of tourism in Poblenou, Barcelona
Authors: Simas Tarciso Binoti , Oliveira Sônia Azevedo Le Cocq de , Cano-Hila Ana Belén
Published: May 2021

Abstract Barcelona has been investing strategically in its infrastructures and in a new image to attract investments and tourists, especially from the Olympic project. The transformation impacts in favour of tourism, real estate and entertainment businesses have sparked a recent debate about tourismophobia and touristification. Taking this into account, this article aims to discuss the main impacts of tourism gentrification in Poblenou, Barcelona. This research analyses real estate valuation, the evolution of services in tourism and their conflicts in Poblenou considering a mixture of quantitative and qualitative data collected by bibliographic and documentary sources, spot observations and interviews conducted with the population involved. Despite the complexity that this topic involves, this analysis of tourism impacts in Poblenou contributes by bringing more clarity to this controversial discussion about tourismophobia and touristification. It is important to understand that, despite the positive impacts for the economy in terms of generating income and jobs, there are negative impacts, such as the increase in the cost of living, residents´ decrease in quality of life and the exodus of part of its population.
Deslocamentos excessivos em coberturas de madeira como condicionantes de patologias
Authors: Gomes Arthur Filipe Freire , Rodrigues Edson Fernando Castanheira , Silva Larissa Soriani Zanini Ribeiro Soares , Lahr Francisco Antonio Rocco , Christoforo André Luis
Published: May 2021

Resumo A NBR 7190 (ABNT, 1997) assume o valor médio do módulo de elasticidade à compressão na direção paralela às fibras (Ec0,m) como o representativo de todas as barras de estruturas. Devido à variabilidade da madeira, tal metodologia pode resultar em valores de deslocamento superiores ao limite definido pela norma, o que pode gerar patologias na estrutura. Buscando avaliar a influência da adoção do Ec0,m no cálculo das flechas, foram realizados ensaios experimentais para obter as propriedades mecânicas da madeira branquilho. Com o auxílio de simulações numéricas e de valores experimentais, foram analisadas três tipologias (fink, bowstring e banzos paralelos) e dois vãos (10 m e 20 m). Adotando o Ec0,m, foram determinadas as cargas máximas para o deslocamento de L/200. Posteriormente, utilizando o mesmo carregamento, foram atribuídos valores aleatórios de rigidez para cada elemento da treliça, medindo o deslocamento máximo de cada modelo. Em modelos para os quais o módulo de elasticidade foi atribuído aleatoriamente, foram observadas flechas superiores em aproximadamente 28% e 32% para vãos de 10 m e de 20 m respectivamente. Isso pode justificar algumas patologias que podem ser evitadas com a pré-classificação não destrutiva e a colocação racional das peças em regiões mais solicitadas.
Application of MEPLWF: method performance evaluation of the Light Wood Frame construction system
Authors: Sotsek Nicolle Christine , Leitner Drielle Sanchez , Maceno Marcell Mariano Corrêa , Marques Marcos Augusto Mendes , Santos Adriana de Paula Lacerda
Published: May 2021

Abstract One of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) set out in this agenda, objective 11 is related to the search for more sustainable cities and communities. This study wishes to contribute in this effort, presenting a method application to evaluate the performance of light wood frame buildings in Brazil. The structure of the method used, named MEPLWF, is based on five dimensions, which involve criteria and sub-criteria that analyse technical, social, environmental and economic requirements to evaluate buildings. It allows the examination of the operating results of buildings and the discovery of performance-related problems. The proposed method was applied in a real case study in southern Brazil, during the pre-occupation phase of the building. As a result, the performance identified in the building was 94%, which is a high performance. The application of the method in this case study diagnosed points that should be reviewed by the construction company, such as items related to fire protection and safety, flexibility and adaptability of the building system, environmental plan, energy efficiency and Costs.
Desempenho acústico de laje com vigota e lajota: isolamento ao som aéreo e de impacto
Authors: Oliveira Maria Fernanda , Heissler Rafael Ferreira , Lima Felipe Schneider de , Pacheco Fernanda , Tutikian Bernardo Fonseca
Published: May 2021

Resumo Considerando o uso expressivo no cenário nacional de lajes pré-fabricadas de concreto com elementos inertes de preenchimento do tipo cerâmico, este trabalho contém a avaliação do comportamento do sistema frente a ruídos aéreos e de impacto, em diferentes composições. Foram realizados ensaios em câmara reverberante vertical, conforme a ISO 10140-5:2010. As variações empregadas nos sistemas foram contrapiso, camada resiliente, revestimentos de laminado de madeira e porcelanato, reboco de argamassa e forro suspenso. Os resultados evidenciaram que o desempenho acústico ao som de impacto da laje pré-fabricada de concreto com lajota cerâmica é afetado pelo efeito da ressonância nas cavidades das lajotas e que a adição de contrapiso pode compensar o menor isolamento acústico em comparação à laje de concreto maciço, em razão do consequente aumento na massa do sistema. Os resultados também mostraram que, para o isolamento ao ruído aéreo, não existem diferenças significativas entre os revestimentos de porcelanato e piso laminado e que a instalação do forro compensou a reduzida perda de transmissão sonora da laje vigota/lajota em relação à laje de concreto maciço.
Modelagem numérica comparativa da ponte Florestinha, construída em madeira e concreto
Authors: Mastela Leonor da Cunha , Segundinho Pedro Gutemberg de Alcântara , Taquetti Vinicius Borges , Christoforo André Luis , Lahr Francisco Antonio Rocco , Gales Tiago Aguiar
Published: May 2021

Resumo A possibilidade de executar estruturas com elementos que apresentam seções mistas de materiais como madeira e concreto traz benefícios, como o aumento da economia na construção e da durabilidade à abrasão. O objetivo do trabalho consiste em realizar a comparação dos resultados de deslocamento vertical obtidos em modelagem numérica utilizando-se o método dos elementos finitos, resultados teóricos encontrados pelo programa Orthotropic Timber Bridges e experimentais da ponte Florestinha. Foram realizados três modelos numéricos. Considerou-se para os modelos 1 e 2 que as vigas de madeira são roliças e, para o modelo 3, que as vigas são de seção quadrada. Com os resultados obtidos, constatou-se que o modelo 1 se aproxima dos dados experimentais e apresenta desvio padrão do erro para o deslocamento devido ao carregamento central de ± 0,69 mm, que corresponde a 1,56% do erro percentual médio, e para o carregamento lateral de ± 0,73 mm, que indica 1,12% do erro percentual médio. Os modelos numéricos 1 e 2 representaram satisfatoriamente os modelos experimentais, revelando que a aplicação do método dos elementos finitos foi satisfatória para a análise da ponte.
Low-velocity impact response of Kevlar/epoxy aluminum laminates
Authors: Dindar Berkant , Ağir İnan , Bektaş Numan Behlül
Published: May 2021

In this experimental study, the low-velocity impact behavior of aluminum–Kevlar laminates (ARALL) was investigated. ARALL composites were prepared in two different configurations as aluminum–Kevlar–aluminum (AKA) and Kevlar–aluminum–Kevlar (KAK). The aluminum alloy used in the preparation of the samples was supplied as 5754 series 2 mm thick plates. Kevlar fabrics were supplied in a weight of 300 g/m2 and in twill weave type. Laminated composites with Kevlar twill fabrics were made through hand lay-up followed by the compression-molding process. [K]4 composite laminates were obtained by curing Kevlar/epoxy laminates under 100°C and 7 bar pressure for 180 min. Then, samples of size 100 × 100 mm were cut from the plates with a water jet. The cut specimens were bound together with two-component adhesive. An Instron Dynatup 9250 HV impact test device was used for impact tests. The energy profiling method was used, which expresses the impact energy and the corresponding absorbed energy. The increasing impact energy was performed on the two configurations of ARALL composites until perforation occurred. The perforation threshold of AKA samples was approximately 70% higher than that of KAK samples.
Three-point bending properties of V-notched aluminum repaired with a nanocomposite patch
Authors: Dindar Berkant
Published: May 2021

In this study, the three-point bending behavior of aluminum sheets with three different V-notch lengths repaired with a nanocomposite patch was experimentally investigated. Two different types of repair procedures, single-sided and double-sided, were applied to the notched plates. The nanocomposite materials used in patching have a carbon/epoxy/multiwalled carbon nanotube–OH structure. 5754 series H111 tempered aluminum was used as the plate material. According to the notch size change of the sheets, three-point bending values were determined for one-sided patching and double-sided patching, and graphics were created. Besides, the mechanical properties of the patch material were determined, and then Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses were performed. The three-point bending strength increased up to 4.5, 9.0 and 6.5 times on 10 mm depth, 20 mm width; 20 mm depth, 10 mm width; and 20 mm depth, 20 mm width samples with double-sided patches, respectively.
Microstructure and wear properties of WC–10Co–4Cr coating to cultivator blades by DJ-HVOF
Authors: Dilay Yusuf , Güney Bekir , Özkan Adem , Öz Ali
Published: May 2021

The friction force in mechanical systems not only reduces their efficiency but also causes wear in the machine components, resulting in financial losses. As in every sector, in agricultural production, the problem of abrasion, particularly in soil tillage, is extremely important. Studies have been conducted examining the different methods for minimizing wear on tillage machinery. In this study, the cultivator blades of a boron-alloyed 30MnB5 steel substrate were coated with WC–10Co–4Cr ceramic powder by way of the Diamond Jet high-velocity oxygen-fuel (DJ-HVOF) technique. The microstructure of the sample and its wear properties under field conditions were then investigated. The microstructure, porosity, hardness, surface roughness and wear properties of the samples were revealed. The coating was observed to be well bonded, both mechanically and metallurgically, and the hardness of the coating was three times higher than that of the uncoated substrate material. In the field trials, the wear was found to be six times lower due to the hardness of the WC–10Co–4Cr coating and the hard carbide phases in its microstructure. As a result, the HVOF coating was shown to minimize wear, which is a big problem in tillage machinery. This can extend the economic life of machinery and make agricultural production more efficient.
Comparison of voltage source converters and Z-source converters for electric vehicles
Authors: Ozkilic Selin Ozcira , Dursun Cagatay
Published: May 2021

Voltage source and current source converters are used in industrial applications as either boost or buck converters for a defined power flow direction. These operational modes limit these converters to be utilized on their own in hybrid and electric vehicle (EV) applications. Z-source (impedance source) converters, on the other hand, have the capability to be operated as buck and boost converters to have a wide range of output levels. The boost ratio of the direct current link voltage of a Z-source converter is set by short-circuiting the phase legs of the converter and defining the overlap duration at each switching period. In order to have the optimum efficiency with the lowest possible total harmonic distortion, a modified space vector pulse width modulation method with an impedance network could be selected for closed-loop control of the quasi-resonant Z-source converter to drive permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). In this study, closed-loop vector-controlled drive systems built with two-level and three-level boosted voltage source converter topologies and two- and three-level quasi Z-source converters for field-oriented control of a PMSM in EV motor drive applications were compared under constant motor speed–constant load, constant speed–variable load and variable speed–constant load operating conditions.
How much lockdown policies contribute to local unemployment? Evidence from the first and second waves of COVID-19
Authors: Kotidis Antonis , Zer Ilknur , Dockerty J. Marcus
Published: May 2021

Did people reduce their social interactions as a result of the pandemic, restrictive lockdown policies, or both? What was the impact of reduced social interactions on local employment? Importantly, why did unemployment spike during the first wave of the pandemic, but gradually decline thereafter, even though the outbreak was much more severe during the second wave? In this note, we attempt to answer these questions by exploiting newly available data on hours worked among small firms at the industry-county-state-week level.
A budapesti egyetem és a kolozsvári régészeti iskola (Die Budapester Universität und die Archaeologische Schule von Kolozsvár)
Authors: Banner János
Published: May 2021

X
A RARE CASE OF VASCULAR ANOMALY OF THE
VERTEBROBASILAR SYSTEM IN A PATIENT WITH
MIXED TYPE VERTIGO
Authors: Jałocha-Kaczka Anna , Bielińska Marzena , Miłoński Jarosław , Kuśmierczyk Krzysztof , Polaczkiewicz Laura , Olszewski Jurek
Published: May 2021

Background

The aim of the study is to present a patient who suffered from severe vertigo with rare arterial vascular anomaly of the vertebrobasilar system.

Case Report

A 56-year old female patient was urgently admitted due to dizziness, with a spinning motion toward the right, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and diplopia which occurred on the morning of the day of admission and gradually intensified. The patient had laboratory tests,
VNG, functional imaging of the cervical spine, CT of the head, CTA of the cranial arteries, and neurological and ophthalmological consultations.
This demonstrated a vascular anomaly in which the basilar artery was an extension of the right vertebral artery, and the left atrophic vertebral
artery extended into the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Conservative treatment and motor rehabilitation gave very good therapeutic effects.

Conclusion

In the presented case, the basilar artery was found to be an extension of the right vertebral artery, while the left atrophic vertebral artery extended into the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. The vascular anomaly, osteochondrosis of the C4/C5 cervical spine, and hyperlipidemia resulted in mixed-type vertigo with decreased excitability of the labyrinth on the affected (anomalous) side due to insufficient
blood supply to the inner ear and lack of vascular compensation. The diagnosed anatomical anomaly of the vertebrobasilar system was not
an indication for surgical intervention; instead, conservative treatment was successful.
CORRELATION OF ASSR HEARING THRESHOLDS
WITH ABR HEARING THRESHOLDS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Vasileiou Alexandra , Pavlos Maragoudakis , Antonios Tzagaroulakis , Ioannis Xenellis , Vlastarakos Petros , Nikolopoulos Thomas
Published: May 2021

Background

Hearing assessment in neonates, or in older children/teenagers with special needs, is very challenging since a pure tone audiogram is not possible due to lack of co-operation and click-ABRs are not frequency specific.

Objectives

To assess the value of auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) in neonates or in uncooperative children/teenagers and correlate
the hearing thresholds derived from them with those derived from ABR.

Subjects and Methods

Using ABR and ASSR, the hearing thresholds of 119 children too young to perform behavioral audiometry, and older
children or teenagers with special needs (who were unable or unwilling to perform a pure tone audiogram), were assessed. The age range was
1 month to 18 years old with a mean age of 2.7 years and median of 2.3 years; the large majority (106 or 89%) were younger than 5 years.

Results

ASSR was found to be a valuable and objective method for hearing assessment as a strong correlation between ABR-derived and ASSR-derived thresholds was found for all frequencies (500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz) with Spearman rank correlation coefficients ranging from
0.83 to 0.87 and high statistical significance (p<0.0001).

Conclusion

The reliability of ASSR is supported by the results of the present study which suggest that there is a strong correlation between
ASSR and ABR thresholds even at a frequency of 500 Hz
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF A 5-YEAR-OLD BOY
WITH OTOSCLEROSIS: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Skarzynski Henryk , Boruta Monika , Dziendziel Beata , Rajchel Joanna , Skarzynski Piotr
Published: May 2021

Otosclerosis is most often diagnosed in adults, especially women. It is much less common in children and even rarer in boys. The aim of this
paper is to present the case history and results of surgical treatment of a 5-year-old boy with bilateral conductive hearing loss and tinnitus.
Results of surgical treatment show mean air-bone closure of 25 dB and cessation of tinnitus. Surgical treatment for otosclerosis is recommended regardless of the patient’s age. Additional motivations for surgical intervention in children are: severe progressive hearing loss, tinnitus, and rising bone-conduction threshold.
SOME REASONS FOR THE FAILURE OF SURGICAL
TREATMENT OF OTOSCLEROSIS: LESSONS FROM
A CASE STUDY
Authors: Skarzynski Henryk , Plichta Lukasz , Dziendziel Beata , Boruta Monika , Skarzynski Piotr
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Surgical treatment of otosclerosis requires considerable experience of the otosurgeon, especially in advanced cases or in an ear
with an unusually narrow external auditory canal, a narrow niche of the round window, a significantly thickened stapes footplate, or an exposed or hanging facial nerve. Case involving subsequent reoperations by different surgeons can be particularly difficult. Collective knowledge of treatment failures during otosclerosis reoperation, as set out in the literature, does not list the difficulties encountered, fails to assess
most causes of failure, and does not describe remedies and corrective techniques.

Material and Methods

The course of treatment followed by a 55-year-old complaining of progressive, bilateral, mixed hearing loss due to
otosclerosis is described. The patient’s treatment consisted of stapes mobilization, followed by stapedotomy and restapedotomy of the right
ear, and stapetodomy of the left ear.

Results

There was short-term improvement of hearing after mobilization of the stapes, but its subsequent deterioration, with elevation of
both the air- and bone-conduction thresholds in the right ear, were indications for reoperation and stapedotomy. Short-term improvement
in hearing was achieved after the operation, followed by rapid hearing loss. Due to this and growing balance disorders after nearly a year, a
restapedotomy was performed with complete closure of the air-bone gap. Then, due to hearing deterioration in the left ear, a successful stapedotomy was performed in this ear.

Conclusions

Revision operations in otosclerosis require a lot of experience of the otosurgeon due to the many reasons for failure, particularly when the first surgery was performed elsewhere. An air-bone gap, severe tinnitus, and balance disorders are indications for reoperation by
an experienced otosurgeon, as common causes of failure are postoperative adhesions and subsequent stapes immobilization.
HEARING IMPAIRMENT IN
OCULOAURICULOVERTEBRAL DYSPLASIA
(GOLDENHAR SYNDROME): LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Porowski Marek , Skarżyński Henryk , Skarżyński Piotr , Pastuszak Andrzej
Published: May 2021

This paper reviews the literature on patients with oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia (OAVD, Goldenhar syndrome) in the context of methods
to improve their hearing, an area of interest to otorhinolaryngologists, audiologists, and phoniatrists. The papers reviewed describe individual cases and groups of patients diagnosed with the syndrome. They are of interest due to the range of therapeutic approaches used and the
percentage of favourable results. The available literature is sparse, particularly in terms of improving hearing in OAVD. In these patients, degrees of hearing loss or deafness are major problems resulting from complex external, middle, and inner ear defects, which can also lead to
speech development disorders. There is therefore a need for a closer look at the syndrome, including how to identify patients, indications for
surgical treatment, use of other methods to improve hearing, and methods of rehabilitation.
IMPLANT STABILITY IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN
IMPLANTED WITH NON-PIN OR PIN COCHLEAR
IMPLANT VARIANTS: SUCCESS WITH DIFFERENT
SURGICAL TECHNIQUES
Authors: Mlynski Robert , Magele Astrid , Baumgartner Wolf , Godey Benoit , Stark Thomas , Radelof Andreas , Hagen Rudolf , Brandstetter Markus , Jappel Alexandra , Sprinzl Georg
Published: May 2021

Background

The primary aim of this study was to collect information on the surgical procedures used to implant two cochlear implant variants
(non-pin and pin: Concerto and Concerto Pin from Med-El) in adults and children and to assess their medium-term stability. A secondary aim
was to assess the safety of these variants, both of which permit a minimally invasive surgical protocol to be used. The pin variant has greater flexibility in positioning and fixing of the implant, with the pins ensuring implant stability; also it requires less or no drilling and no tie-down sutures.

Materials and Methods

Non-pin and pin cochlear implant variants (Concerto and Concerto Pin from Med-El) were implanted in adults
and children (n = 116) in 5 clinics. The different surgical techniques and methods of implant fixation were documented intraoperatively. Implant stability was subjectively assessed at first fitting and again approximately 3 and 6 months later. Safety was assessed based on the number and severity of adverse events.

Results

With all non-pin variants suture fixation was always performed, but with the pin variant this was done for just 43% of adults and
49% of children (in the remainder, no additional fixation was performed). The study demonstrated the stability of both cochlear implant variants in children and adults, with no shifting or rocking observed. There were 33 adverse events reported during the study, 10 of which (9%)
were classified as related to the device or procedure.

Conclusions

Implant stability and safety can be achieved through various surgical techniques and fixation methods when implanting either
the Concerto or Concerto Pin.
HEARING LOSS DUE TO OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA IN TWO CHILDREN
Authors: Skarżyński Henryk , Kordowska Kamila , Skarżyński Piotr
Published: May 2021

Hearing loss in osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) typically begins in the third decade of life. OI rarely occurs in childhood. Case reports of hearing loss in pediatric patients with OI are considered as merely incidental, and until now pediatric OI cases have not been presented in the literature. Typically, hearing loss is conductive, but over time a sensorineural component also occurs. There are some reports of profound sensorineural hearing loss, but this type of loss is believed to be due to additional genetic factors. The two case reports described in this paper show how the hearing loss due to OI can be treated by means of stapedotomy and restapedotomy
VARIABILITY OF HIGH-FREQUENCY
DISTORTION PRODUCT OTOACOUSTIC
EMISSIONS MEASURED BY THE SMARTOAE
DEVICE: PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Pilka Edyta , Jedrzejczak W. , Kochanek Krzysztof , Skarzynski Henryk
Published: May 2021

Background

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) are usually measured in a frequency range up to 8 kHz, although some
systems permit measurements up to 16 kHz. For any test to be reliable it is important to determine its repeatability. Therefore in the present
study DPOAE recordings were made using the SmartOAE system with a focus on the repeatability of high-frequency DPOAEs.

Material and Methods

DPOAEs were measured in subjects with normal hearing from 0.25 to 16 kHz. Recordings were made at frequencies of 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.5, 14, and 16 kHz. Each recording session consisted of three measurements: the first two
performed without removing the probe from the ear (single fit mode), and the third after removing and re-inserting it into the ear canal (multiple fit mode). Recordings from 15 ears were made.

Results

In single fit mode, the biggest fluctuations were obtained at 0.75, 8, 11, 12.5, and 14 kHz – the largest was 2.8 dB. In the multiple fit
mode, greater variability was obtained compared to measurements made without removing the probe – the largest reached 3.4 dB.

Conclusions

Even though the measured signals significantly exceeded the noise floor, differences between measurements for some frequencies still reached as high as 3.4 dB. Our work confirms the usefulness of testing very high DPOAE frequencies (>8 kHz), but at the same time
some caution is needed when interpreting the results.
HEARING DISORDERS AND AUDITORY SPEECH PROCESSING DIFFICULTIES IN ADULTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Coppens-Hofman Marjolein , Maassen Ben , van Schrojenstein Lantman-de Valk Henny , Snik Ad
Published: May 2021

A literature search was performed to review published articles on hearing disorders, auditory perceptual disorders and shortterm memory in adults with Down syndrome. The aim of the review was to identify factors determining impairments in these domains in order to improve care. A high prevalence was reported for hearing disorders in adults with Down syndrome. The syndrome appears to be an important determinant of communication difficulties, and it appears that auditory memory is related to speech and language skills. However, only a few studies have been published on diagnosis and intervention. The effects of hearing aids use are not always satisfying, but recent developments show promising alternatives. Suggestions are formulated to guide new research that could lead to better care concerning hearing difficulties.