bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Youth’s Behaviour Towards Halal Tourism In West Sumatra
Authors: Huda Nurul , Rini Nova , Muslikh Muslikh , Zulihar Zulihar
Published: October 2021

Research on the behavior of the millennial generation towards halal tourism in Indonesia is still limited This article aims to look at millennial generations' role (especially students) in visit halal tourism in the West Sumatra region. The research method used is quantitative with the sampling technique is purposive sampling, so that the data analyzed is valid. The analytical method used is the Structural Equation Model (SEM) method with SmartPLS software. The number of respondents was 156. This study indicates that the Islamic Religiosity variable significantly influenced millennial attitudes and behaviour in purchasing halal tourism. Meanwhile, the variable of halal tourism knowledge in this study influenced their behaviour significantly. Still, it did not significantly affect their attitudes. Islamic Religious Millennial generation has a significant effect on attitudes toward purchasing halal tourism. Halal knowledge of the millennial generation, Islamic Religious Millenial, and Attitude significantly influences purchasing halal tourism.

Penelitian mengenai perilaku millennial terhadap wisata halal di Indonesia masih terbatas. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran generasi milenial (khususnya mahasiswa) dalam kunjungan ke wisata halal di wilayah Sumatera Barat. Metode penelitian adalah kuantitatif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling, sehingga data yang dianalisa akan valid. Metode analisa yang digunakan adalah metode Structural Equation Model (SEM) dengan software SmartPLS. Jumlah responden 156. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel Religiusitas Islam berpengaruh signifikan terhadap sikap dan perilaku milenial dalam pembelian wisata halal. Sedangkan variabel pengetahuan pariwisata halal dalam penelitian ini berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku mereka. Meski begitu, hal itu tidak terlalu mempengaruhi sikap mereka. Generasi Milenial Religius Islam berpengaruh signifikan terhadap sikap pembelian wisata halal. Pengetahuan Halal Generasi Milenial, Milenial Religius Islam, dan Sikap berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku pembelian wisata halal.
HIZBULLAH KURANJI DI FRONT PADANG AREA (1945-1948)
Authors: HANDAYANI REVI
Published: October 2021

 

ABSTRAK

Tulisan  ini mengkaji tentang perjuangan barisan kelaskaran yakni Hizbullah, Selama ini literatur mengenai barisan  perjuangan yang banyak ditulis hanya peranan tentara reguler saja yang sering berjuang dibarisan depan, padahal aktivasi dari barisan kelaskaran juga memberikan sumbangan terbesar dalam perjuangan pada masa revolusi fisik. Hizbullah yang  ditulis  dalam artikel ini  adalah Hizbullah  di Daerah Padang, khususnya  yang  tergabung  dalam  Hizbullah Kota Padang  telah  sadar  terhadap  situasi  dan  kondisi yang ada, sehingga dengan gigih mereka berusaha merebut kembali tanah airnya dari kekuasaan penjajahan  Sekutu  dan  Belanda  yang  ingin  menancapkan  kembali kekuasaanya. Metode Penelitian dalam tulisan  ini  adalah  Metode  Historis,  yaitu proses menguji dan menganalisis secara kritis rekaman dan peningalan masa lampau. Adapun langkah-langkah penelitian terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu : Heuristik,  Kritik, Interpretasi dan Historiografi. Dalam mengumpulkan data dan bahan  penelitian,  selain  mengunakan  studi  literatur dan dokumenter, digunakan pula wawancara terhadap narasumber, baik pelaku dan saksi sejarah. Hasil Penelitian ini adalah Perjuangan Lasykar Hizbullah Kota Padang tersebut dilandasi niat “Jihad Fii Sabillilah” berjuang menegakan Negara dan Agama semata-mata hanya karena Allah, Hanya dengan dorongan semangat yang besar serta motivasi yang sangat sederhana namun prinsipnya tidak terlepas dari pengaruh politik manapun, Lasykar Hizbullah ini mempunyai  ketegasan  pendirian  bahwa  segala  kekacauan  dan  ganguan terhadap  ketertiban  masyarakat  yang terjadi di Kota Padang adalah tangung jawab semua lapisan masyarakat yang berada di Kota Padang.

 

Kata Kunci : Lasykar Hizbullah, Revolusi Fisik, Front Padang Area
Quality of Hadith Shalih in the Book of Sunan Abiy Dâwud Disputed by Nasr al-Dîn al-Albâniy and Shu'aib al-Arnauth
Authors: Nisa Afdilla
Published: October 2021

This study intends to examine the quality of hadîth shalih in the book Sunan Abiy Dâwud which was disputed by Nâshir al-Dîn al-Albâniy and Syu'aib al-Arnauth, namely by using library research (library research), which is to collect accurate and relevant data. This is then processed with a descriptive qualitative analytical approach through inductive and comparative thinking methods. In addition, it also uses the hadîth research step to determine the quality of hadîth both from the side of the sanad and its eyes. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the hadiths termed shahih Abû Dâwud, which are also debated by  al-Albaniy and  al-Arnauth in assessing their quality, when tested with authentic criteria do not necessarily mean maqbûl or authentic quality. and hasan, but some have the status of dha'if. Thus hadîth shalih can contain two possibilities, namely lil i'tibâr (to be studied) or li al-ihtijâj (used as evidence).

 Penelitian ini bermaksud mengkaji kualitas hadîth shalih dalam kitab Sunan Abiy Dâwud yang diperselisihkan oleh Nâshir al-Dîn al-Albâniy dan Syu’aib al-Arnauth, yaitu dengan menggunakan library research (penelitian kepustakaan) yaitu mengumpulkan data-data yang akurat dan relevan dengan pembahasan ini kemudian diolah dengan metode pendekatan deskriptif analitis kualitatif melalui metode berfikir induktif dan komparatif. Di samping itu penulis juga menggunakan langkah penelitian hadis untuk mengetahui kualitas hadis baik dari sisi sanad maupun matan-nya. Berdasarkan analisa dapat disimpulkan bahwa hadis  yang diistilahkan shâlih Abû Dâwud, yang juga diperdebatkan  al-Albâniy dan al-Arnauth  dalam menilai kualitasnya, ketika diuji dengan kriteria ke-shahih-an tidak serta merta berarti maqbûl atau berkualitas shahih dan hasan,  akan tetapi ada yang berstatus dha’if. Dengan demikian hadîth shalih dapat mengandung dua kemungkinan yaitu lil i’tibâr  (untuk dikaji) atau  li al-ihtijâj (dijadikan hujjah).
Aktivitas Sosial Masyarakat Kampung Pelangi Banjarbaru Sebagai Sumber Belajar IPS
Authors: Rusli Rusli , Subiyakto Bambang , Hidayat Putra Muhammad Adhitya
Published: October 2021

Persoalan pada pembelajaran saat ini adalah tuntutan kurikulum yang kompleks sehingga menuntut kreativitas guru untuk memanfaatkan sumber belajar kontektual sedangkan sumber belajar IPS yang ada dan dimanfaatkan guru selama ini hanya fokus dikembangkan pada aspek kognitif. Gejala ini berdampak pada pandangan peserta didik dan masyarakat terhadap pembelajaran IPS, bahwa pembelajaran IPS hanya menghafal fakta dan konsep seharusnya pembelajaran IPS bisa dibuat menyenangkan dengan memasukkan sumber belajar yang ada di sekitar peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan Aktivitas Sosial Masyarakat Kampung Pelangi Banjarbaru yang kemudian dijadikan Sebagai Sumber belajar IPS. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan metode deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi. Uji keabsahan data melalui triangulasi sumber, teknik, dan waktu, member check, dan perpanjangan pengamatan. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan beberapa bentuk aktivitas sosial yang ada di kampung pelangi Banjarbaru. Bentuk aktivitas tersebut yaitu, kebersihan lingkungan, pelatihan keterampilan wanita, bakti sosial dan arisan yasinan. Bentuk aktivitas sosial ini kemudian dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber belajar IPS yang kontekstual, dengan sumber belajar yang kontekstual diharapkan peserta didik dapat dengan mudah memahami materi pembelajaran yang diberikan oleh guru, sehingga pandangan tentang pembelajaran IPS yang hanya menghafal berubah dengan adanya sumber belajar yang kontekstual.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Partisipasi Siswa Melalui Metode Think Pair Share Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Heriany Tessy , Sumianto Sumianto , Kusuma Yanti Yandri
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatkan keterampilan partisipasi siswa melalui metode think pair share pada pembelajaran PKn kelas IV SDN 023 Muara Mahat Baru kecamatan tapung kabupaten Kampar. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari dua kali pertemuan dan empat tahap, yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, evaluasi, dan waktu penelitian dilaksanakan penelitian ini dikarnakan sekolah ini mengalami rendahnya tingkat partisipasi siswa dalam belajar. Subjek penelitian ini siswa kelas IV SDN 023 Muara Mahat Baru yang berjumlah 27 orang, dengan jumlah laki-laki 15 orang dan jumlah siswa perempuan 12 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik obsevasi dan lembar dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa keterampilan partisipasi siswa dengan tema Indahnya kebersamaan kelas IV SDN 023 Muara Mahat Baru,pada pra tindakan tergolong kriteria kurang dengan ketuntasan klasikal 37 % dari 27 orang siswa hanya 10 orang siswa yang tuntas. Pada siklus I dengan kriteria cukup dengan ketuntasan klasikal 48,14% dari 27 orang siswa hanya 14 orang siswa yang tuntas. Pada siklus II tergolong kriteria baik dengan ketuntasan klasikal 70,37% dari 27 orang siswa terdapat hanya 19 orang yang tuntas. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan metode Think Pair Share dapat peningkatan keterampilan partisipasi siswa kelas IV SDN 023 Muara Mahat Baru.
Actualization Of Pancasila In The Implementation Of Ethical Democracy In The Global Era
Authors: Ulfa Nurfikha , Minasari Arofah , Hidayah Yayuk
Published: October 2021

As a value system, Pancasila provides a fundamental basis in the life of the community, nation, and state. The essence of the fourth principle of Pancasila is about democracy which is based on wisdom that is rooted in the moral principle of humanity and divinity. Therefore, according to the Pancasila view, democracy must be based on religious moral originating from God, justice and civilization. Nowadays, by seeing the application of democracy in Indonesia still has many problems, likes freedom as a symbol of democracy is not balanced with its quality, resulting in behavior that is contrary to democracy. Although freedom is guaranteed in the Constitution, oppression, discrimination, marginalization still occurs. Democracy does not only require laws, regulations, and institutions capable of enforcing it, but also democratic attitudes, namely the willingness to build a compromise with the awareness that a person cannot realize all that is desired (a combination of individual awareness and group awareness). True democracy requires good citizens. Therefore, democratic education that integrated through Citizenship Education is absolutely necessary with the aim of preparing citizens who are able to act with democratic ethics.
Analisis Kesalahan Siswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Matematika Materi Lingkaran
Authors: Lutfia Azima
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika materi lingkaran di kelas XI MAN 2 Kota Madiun. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan bentuk penelitian studi kasus. Subjek dalam penelitian adalah 29 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, hasil wawancara, dan pembahasan, maka dapat disimpulkan: siswa melakukan kesalahan konsep, kesalahan prinsip, dan kesalahan kecerobohan. Yang menjadi faktor penyebab siswa melakukan kesalahan adalah belum bisa memahami maksud soal secara keseluruhan, siswa kurang bisa memahami apa yang diketahui dalam soal, siswa kurang tepat dalam menghitung, dan perhitungan yang sudah benar tetapi belum bisa menarik kesimpulan untuk jawaban akhir.
Pengembangan Diri Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus Melalui Pendekatan Konseling Multikultural
Authors: Rahmawati Heny Kristiana
Published: October 2021

Penanganan anak berkebutuhan khusus, memerlukan keberpihakan kultural dan struktural dari berbagai pihak baik orangtua, masyarakat dan pemerintah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif studi kasus. Pelaksanaan Konseling Multikultural yang diterapkan selain pendampingan sehari-hari adalah hydrotherapy, massage dan acupreseur, outing class, peringatan hari-hari penting, senam sehat setiap pagi, permainan, panggung gembira dan lain-lain.
Persepsi Peserta Didik Terhadap Efektifitas Pembelajaran Daring Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di SMAN 13 Watampone
Authors: Amaliah Ninah Wahyuni , Rismawanti Erni , Hamran Hamran
Published: October 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) untuk mengetahui keefektifan proses pembelajaran daring pada masa pandemi Covid-19, 2) untuk mengetahui persepsiPeserta Didikterhadap pembelajaran daring pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode survei. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data yaitu angket melalui aplikasi google form yang dapat diakses oleh Peserta didik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Peserta Didik cenderung lebih menyukai pembelajaran tatap muka (luring) dibandingkan dengan online (daring). Jikapun diharuskan mengikuti pembelajaran secara daring,Peserta Didiklebih memilih melalui platform jejaring sosial Whatsapp Group dengan menggunakan perangkat handphone/smartphone. Guru mengajar cenderung sesuai dengan jadwal pembelajaran yang telah ditetapkan oleh sekolah dan guru diharapkan menyediakan softcopy materi pembelajaran. Kurangnya penguasaan guru terhadap media pembelajaran secara daring menyebabkan kurangnya respon Peserta Didik terhadap pembelajaran yang diberikan. Hal lain yang juga menghambat proses pembelajaran daring adalah fasilitas akses internet yang dimilikiPeserta Didikuntuk mengikuti pembelajaran. Interaksi dalam pembelajaran secara daring terbilang cukup, terlebih Peserta Didik cenderung merasa lebih mudah mengerjakan tugas berkelompok dibandingkan individual meskipun tugas yang diberikan guru dalam pembelajaran daring cenderung lebih banyak dibandingkan saat pembelajaran tatap muka.
Allostasis as a core feature of hierarchical gradients in the human brain
Authors: Katsumi Yuta , Theriault Jordan E. , Quigley Karen , Barrett Lisa Feldman
Published: October 2021

This paper integrates emerging evidence from two broad scientific literatures into one common framework: (1) Hierarchical gradients of functional connectivity that reflect the brain’s large- scale structural architecture (e.g., a lamination gradient in the cerebral cortex) and (2) approaches to predictive processing and one of its specific instantiations called allostasis (i.e., the predictive regulation of energetic resources in the service of coordinating the body’s internal systems). This synthesis begins to sketch a coherent, neurobiologically-inspired framework suggesting that predictive energy regulation is at the core of human brain function, and by extension, psychological and behavioral phenomena, providing a shared vocabulary for theory building and knowledge accumulation.
Phytochemical screening and cytotoxicity of selected plants used as anthelmintics in Loitoktok Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Muthee J.K , Gakuya D.W , Mbaria J.M , Mulei C.M
Published: October 2021

The practice of traditional medicine is as old as the human race, and plants are an important source of research and development of new drugs. Anthelmintic resistance in human and animal pathogenic helminthes has been spreading in prevalence and severity to a point where there is multi-drug resistance against the three major classes of anthelmintics. It has become a global phenomenon in gastrointestinal nematodes of farm animals, and hence the need for novel anthelmintic products. The objectives of this study were to carry out phytochemical screening and determine bioactivity of plants which are commonly used in the treatment and control of helminthosis in LoitoktokSub-Countyof Kenya. The plant species (Albiziaanthelmintica, Myrsineafricana, Embeliaschimperi and Rapaneamelanophloeos) were selected based on their ethnopharmacological uses, as anthelmintics, by the traditional health practitioners. Phytochemical were screened in aqueous and organic extracts using standard methods and cytotoxicity determined using the Brine shrimp lethality test. Phytochemical detected in the extracts were, anthraquinones, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, tannins and triterpenoids. Organic extracts were generally more cytotoxic than the aqueous extracts with median lethal dose (LC50) of 11 to 581 µg/ml. and 149 to 1000 µg/ml respectively. It was concluded that some of the plants used as anthelmintic remedies in Loitoktok contain different types of phytochemical which could be responsible for their cytotoxicity and anthelmintic properties. Further studies may be necessary to assess their potential as anthelmintics for possible drug development.
Comparative anti-inflammatory activity of Clerodendrum serratum (Linn) Moon and Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad and Wendl in wistar ablino rats
Authors: Solapure Poornima , Pradeep Dr. , Mundugaru Ravi , Hegde Prakash L
Published: October 2021

C. serratum and S. xanthocarpum plants are used as folk remedies for inflammations, arthritis, cough, asthma and bronchitis. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the comparative anti-inflammatory activity in Wistar albino rats. The group specific rats were treated for seven consecutive days and subjected to carrageenan induced paw oedema and cotton pellet implanted granuloma tissue formation tests at a dose of 8.64ml/kg (p.o). Both the test drugs have shown reduced paw volume during third and sixth hour readings and a moderate decrease in the granuloma tissue formation. CRP enzyme was found to be reduced significantly and a moderate elevation in white pulp of spleen from both the test groups were observed. The present findings suggest that both the drugs have moderate anti-inflammatory activity as ascertained by the comparative decrease in carrageenan induced paw volume, decreased granuloma tissue formation and normal histological profile of important organs.
Plants used in Bandjoun village (La'Djo) to cure infectious diseases: An ethnopharmacology survey and in-vitro Time-Kill Assessment of some of them against Escherichia coli
Authors: Tamo S.P. Bouopda , Essama S.H. Riwom , Etoa F.X.
Published: October 2021

An ethnopharmacology survey concerning the medicinal plants used in Bandjoun village (La'Djo) to cure infectious diseases was carried out in three districts of this village. The survey led to the identification of 79 medicinal plants species listed in 41 families. These plants were cited to be use to treat about 25 infectious diseases among which malaria, diarrhea and intestinal-worms were the most cited. Chromolaena odorata, Voacanga africana, Moringa oleifera, Mammea africana, Euphorbia hirta, Psidium guajava, Allium cepa, Enantia chlorantha, Alstonia boonei and Picralima nitida, were the ten most cited plants. Extractions of parts of these last plants were performed in hydro-ethanol (3:7) solvent and then tested in-vitro against an Escherichia coli isolate. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed by microdilution assay and the time-kill assessment was carried out by measure of log reduction in viable cell count, on a period of 48 hours. MIC and MBC determined were ranged between 1.00 and 32.0 mg/mL. Eighty percent (80%) of plant extracts tested have been bactericidal (MBC/MIC = 1 or 2) after 24 hours of incubation. A significant dose-dependent decreasing (P<0.05) in test organisms population was observed in the time with log reduction in viable cell count was ranged between 0.13 log10cfu/mL and 100% of inhibition. This antimicrobial activity has been attributed to metabolites groups in plant extracts namely, Phenols, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, terpenoids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, anthocyanides and alkaloids. These results obtained against Escherichia coli give a scientific validation to the traditional medical knowledge of Bandjoun-village populations and confirm some of the plants identified like a source of potentially active compounds against infectious diseases.
Antidiabetic potentials of Syzygium guineense methanol leaf extract
Authors: Ezenyi Ifeoma Chinwude , Mbamalu Oluchi Nneka , Balogun Lucy , Omorogbe Liberty , Ameh Fidelis Solomon , Salawu Oluwakanyinsola Adeola
Published: October 2021

This study examines the effects of a methanol extract of Syzygium guineense leaves in streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetes, evaluates its effect on alpha glucosidase and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical. Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). An oral glucose tolerance test was performed after diabetes induction and repeated after 14 days of treatment with the extract. The extract elicited antihyperglycemic action in diabetic rats evidenced by an improved oral glucose tolerance. A dose of 250 mg/kg of extract significantly (P<0.01, 0.001) enhanced glucose clearance at the end of treatment period and was comparable with metformin, the group also showed increase in hepatic glycogen content by 33.9% relative to the diabetic control. Serum biochemical analysis showed that the extract improved indices of renal and hepatic function by reduction in serum albumin, creatinine, liver enzymes, total and direct bilirubin. Similarly, the extract reduced serum cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in a non-dose dependent manner; treatment with 250 mg/kg extract caused significant (P<0.05) reduction of HDL. Groups which received 250 and 500 mg/kg of extract showed reversal of glomerular damage compared with the diabetic untreated group. The extract also exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activity (EC50= 0.2 mg/ml) and statistically significant (P<0.01, 0.001) alpha glucosidase inhibitory effect (IC50= 6.15 mg/ml). These findings show the antidiabetic potential of S. guineense leaf extract, likely mediated through its ability to inhibit alpha glucosidase, scavenge free radicals and increase intrahepatic glucose uptake and storage.
Cytotoxicity assessment of the stem bark of Tieghemella heckelii Pierre ex. A Chev. (Sapotaceae) towards Vero and RD human cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Guédé Bertin Kipré , Guessennd-Kouadio Aya Nathalie , Kouadio Jules N’guessan. , Koné Mamidou Witabouna
Published: October 2021

The present study aimed at investigating the cytotoxicity of the stem bark of Tieghemella heckelii Pierre ex. A Chev (Sapotaceae). For this purpose, plant extracts were put into contact separately with the different Vero and human RD cancer cell lines diluted in a 96 wells microplate after 24-hour incubation at 37°C. Thereafter, the absorbance was measured every 24 hour for two days, using Elisa reader spectrophotometer. The IC50 values obtained from multi-dose testing of ethanol extract against Vero cell lines ranged from 0.051 to 0.192 mg/mL. The results also showed Vero cell viability of 80.2%, and a mortality rate of 94.9% against RD cell lines whereas methanol extract displayed for the same experiment an IC50 ranging from 0.018 to 2.98 mg/mL with a cell viability of 67%, and a mortality rate of 95.6%. From these results, it could be concluded that the methanol extract of the stem bark showed higher cytotoxic activity towards RD cell lines. As for the ethanol extract, it showed significant non-cytotoxicity towards the Vero cell lines. In the light of this evidence, it can be claimed that the plant exhibited non-cytotoxic patterns against Vero cells and has anticancer potential.
Apigenin: A methanol fraction component of Newbouldia laevis leaf, as a potential antidiabetic agent
Authors: Osigwe Chinyelu C. , Akah Peter A. , Nworu Chukwuemeka S. , Okoye Festus B. C.
Published: October 2021

The leaves of Newbouldia laevis is traditionally used to treat diabetes mellitus in southeast Nigeria. The apigenin isolated from the methanol fraction of dichloromethane/methanol (1:1) extract of the leaves was evaluated for antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and on normal rats. Treatment of alloxan-diabetic rats with the compound (apigenin) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced blood glucose, and increased the liver and muscle glycogen content. The adrenaline-induced elevation of blood glucose of normal rats was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by the isolated compound. These results suggest that apigenin may be the anti-diabetic principle in the leaves of Newbouldia laevis..
A review on Pharmacological potential of Berberine; an active component of Himalayan Berberis aristata
Authors: Chander Vikas , Aswal J.S. , Dobhal Rajendra , Uniyal D.P.
Published: October 2021

Plants have been the basis of many traditional medicines throughout the world for thousands of years and continue to provide new remedies to mankind. They are one of the richest sources of compounds. Berberis aristata is one of the major plants used in Ayurveda for several remedies. It is used as a tonic, alternative, demulscent, diaphoretic and diuretic, and in the treatment of diarrhoea, jaundice, skin diseases, syphilis, chronic rheumatism and urinary disorders. Scientific evidence suggests its versatile biological functions that support its traditional use in the orient. Phytochemical studies shows that plant Berberis aristata contains mainly yellow colored alkaloids Berberine, oxyberberine, berbamine, aromoline, a protoberberine alkaloid karachine, palmatine, oxycanthine and taxilamine and tannins, sugar, starch. Among the several compounds Berberine is main constitute having various pharmacological actions. It is, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, occurs as an active constituent in numerous medicinal plants and has an array of pharmacological properties. It has been used in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine for its antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, antidiarrheal and antitrachoma activity. Moreover, several clinical and preclinical studies demonstrate ameliorative effect of berberine against several disorders including metabolic, neurological and cardiological problems. This review provides a summary regarding the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of berberine, with a focus on the different mechanisms underlying its multispectrum activity..
Antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of Phoenix pusilla Gaertn. unripe fruit extract in streptozotocin-induced sprague dawley rats
Authors: Sankar. V , Shoba Francis Gricilda
Published: October 2021

The fruit of Phoenix pusilla Garetn. has been used in herbal medicines, as it is sweet, sour, cooling and laxative, cardiotonic, aphrodisiac, carminative and roborant. The objective of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant and antidiabetic effect of ethanolic extract of unripe fruit of Phoenix pusilla in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The extract was analyzed for the presence of various phytoconstituents like tannins, flavonoids, vitamin C, vitamin E, protein, carbohydrates, lipids and phenolic compounds. Streptozotocin (40 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) was administered to induce diabetes in adult rats. The extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (6 mg/kg) were administered orally for 21 days to evaluate antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. Blood glucose, serum total cholesterol and triglycerides levels were estimated. Carbohydrate and lipid metabolizing enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, glycolytic enzymes like hexokinase and liver-function enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALP), renal-function markers like urea and creatinine level were also measured. Histopathology of pancreas was studied. The results indicated that extract normalized the blood, liver, renal and pancreatic functions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Hence it can be concluded that the extract possesses antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. The findings support the conventional usage of Phoenix pusilla unripe fruit in treating diabetes.
Antiviral activities of Cucumis metuliferus fruits alkaloids on Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV)
Authors: Anyanwu Anne A. , Jimam Nanloh S. , Omale Simeon , Wannang Noel N.
Published: October 2021

Objective: The toxicity of the alkaloids isolated from the fruit pulp of Cucumis metuliferus was investigated in chicken fibroblast cells. Materials and Methods: The alkaloids from C. metuliferus fruit pulp were isolated and their effects assayed on infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) using chicken ebryo fibroblast cells. Results: There was no observed structural change on the chicken fibroblast cells when exposed to concentrations of 0.195 and 100 mg/ml of the alkaloids; and there was observed antiviral activities on IBDV at concentration between 6.125 and 100 mg/ml, while concentrations of the alkaloids between 0.195 to 3.125 mg/ml showed no antiviral activities compared to the control. Conclusion: The alkaloid showed good margin of safety on chicken fibroblast cells, with antiviral activities on infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV).
Evaluation of the mycochemical composition and antimicrobial potency of wild macrofungus, Rigidoporus microporus (Sw).
Authors: Falade O.E , Oyetayo V.O. , Awala S.I
Published: October 2021

This study examined the myochemical and antimicrobial properties of extracts obtained from Rigidoporus microporus (Sw), a wild, non- edible mushroom. Methanol and acetone extracts of R. microporus were screened qualitatively and quantitatively. Also the antimicrobial effect of the crude and partially purified fractions of the extracts of R. microporus was evaluated on clinical and referenced microbial cultures. The probable mechanism of action of the extract was assessed by measuring the amount of sodium and potassium ions leaked from the bacterial and fungal cells. In addition, the chemical compositions of mushroom extracts were analyzed using GC-MS and fragmentation analyses. Results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids and cardiac glycosides in the extracts with values ranging between 2.692 to 23.435 mg/g. Among the phytochemicals, terpenoids (23.65 mg/g) and cardiac glycosides (22.57 mg/g) were the most abundant while flavonoid (2.54 mg/g) was the least abundant in the mushroom extracts. The extracts produced varying antimicrobial activities with zones of inhibition ranging from 4.03 to 18.00mm. The methanol extract displayed better antimicrobial activities. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 29853 and Aspergillus fumigatus were the most susceptible bacterial (16.77mm) and fungal isolate (18.00mm) respectively. Lesser minimum inhibitory concentration values were expressed by the extracts against the fungal isolates (6.25 mg/mL). The partially purified fractions of Rigidoporus microporus extracts exhibited better antimicrobial activities against the selected test organisms with zones of inhibition ranging from 10.17mm to 32.32mm. Candida albicans had the highest leakage of sodium (390 mg/L) and potassium (455 mg/L) when exposed to the mushroom extracts, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa (80mg/L) and Klebsiella pnuemoniae (225 mg/L) produced the least amount of leaked sodium and potassium ion respectively. The bioactive compounds found in the extracts were hexadecane, n-hexadecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, octadecane, hexadecanoic acid, n-octadecenoic acid, di-n-octyl phthalate (1, 2- benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester) and n-decanoic acid. These findings has shown that Rigidoporus microporus (Sw) collected from Ondo State, Nigeria could be considered a potential source of natural antimicrobials and could be exploited in the pharmaceutical industry.
Quantitative analysis of lycopene content in two commercially available tomato sauces: HPTLC based quality check
Authors: Srivastava Gunja
Published: October 2021

The demand for high nutritional quality food is increasing because of the commercial opportunities offered by such products due to their visual and functional properties, increasing consumer awareness for the relationship between food and health and the widespread industrial use for nutrient supplementation. An attempt has been made by author to develop a simple method for standardization and quantification such nutritional products. Two different brands (B1 and B2) of Tomato containing edible products (Tomato sauces) were quantitatively analyzed for the detection of lycopene, the major ingredient of tomato edible products. HPTLC profile was developed using Petroleum ether: toluene: water (5:5:0.5) as a mobile phase. The Rf values of lycopene in different brands of tomato edible products was found to be 0.94. The total peak areas of the lycopene and the corresponding peak areas of different formulations were compared and lycopene contents were estimated to be 5.43, 7.27 μg mL-1 in B1 and B2 respectively. The present study rationalizes the use of HPTLC fingerprint profiles for ascertaining the identity, purity and quality of the different tomato edible products and also for generating data which may be useful in setting standards for these kinds of products.
Hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of young shoots of Bambusa arundinaceae in thioacetamide induced liver injury in rat
Authors: Chauhan Kajal N , Shah Bhavini , Nivsarka Manish , Mehta Anita A
Published: October 2021

Background: Whole plant of Bambusa arundinaceae (Bamboo) belonging to family (Graminae) is used in number of disease including liver ailments in various parts of India. The present study is done to evaluate antioxidant and Hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of young shoots of Bambusa arundinaceae in Thioacetamide induced liver injury in rats. Material and method: Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract was evaluated by DPPH, Ferric reducing power assay and Lipid peroxidation. In vitro hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extracts (25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 µg/ml) against thioacetamide (100mM) induced cytotoxicity was assessed by monitoring cell viability in HepG2 and Hep3b tumor cell line and also in primary hepatocytes. In vivo hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract (50, 100, 200 mg/kg p.o.) was observed againt thioacetamide (100 mg/kg s.c.) induced liver injury in rat by measuring biochemical parameters viz, Aspartate Transaminase, Alanine Transaminase, Alkaline Phosphatase, Total and Direct Bilirubin. The histopathological studies were also performed. Results: Methanolic extract of young shoots showed good antioxidant activity. Thioacetamide caused significant reduction in cell viability in in vitro studies. Treatment with methanolic extract caused significant increase in cell viability. In vivo studies showed that Thioacetamide induced elevation of biochemical parameters in rats were significantly (p<0.0001) decreased with methanolic extract treatment in rats. Histopathology studies also supported the protective effect of methanolic extract. Conclusion: The current study reveals that the methanolic extract of Bambusa arundinaceae has hepatoprotective activity which may be due to its antioxidant activity.
Pharmacognostic, physicochemical investigation and evaluation of anti-oxidant potential of fruit flesh extract of Terminalia catappa Linn.
Authors: Gurram Navya , Kamble Manish , Gunde Mahendra , Ingole Ashwini , Dhabarde Disha , Baheti Jagdish
Published: October 2021

Terminalia catappa Linn. also known as Indian almond or tropical almond is a native throughout the tropical Asia belongs to family Combretaceae. Traditionally, the parts of this plant of are used for the treatment of dermatitis, hepatitis, diarrhea and pyresis, caribbeans used the decoction for gastritis and urinary tract infection. The present study aimed to evaluate the pharmacognostic and phytochemical properties along with the antioxidant activity of Teminalia catappa Linn. The fresh fruits of Teminalia catappa were collected and preliminary microscopic screening was done by evaluating the transverse section. The phytochemical screening of the fruit revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. The phycochemical analysis also showed the total ash content 7.913% and was slightly higher than acid insoluble and water soluble ash. The fruit flesh was subjected to hydroalcoholic extraction to obtain a semisolid extract. The antioxidant activity was carried out by using DPPH radical scavenging assay spectrophotometrically at 517nm. The various concentration of fruit flesh extract (62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000 ug/ml) were used and increasing antioxidant activity was observed with increasing concentration. About 41% scavenging activity for DPPH radical was observed at 1000 ug/ml.
Aphrodisiac property of aerial parts of Trianthema decandra Linn.
Authors: Veeresh Dr. , Kumar Pramod , Gupta V Rama Mohan
Published: October 2021

Aim of the study is to identify and evaluate the active constituents present in the aerial parts of Trianthema decandra Linn. The fresh aerial parts of plant were collected, dried under shade, coarsely powdered and successively extracted with different solvents based on increasing order of polarity. All the extracts of the plant were subjected for phytochemical screening. The methanol extract was screened for aphrodisiac activity. The sexual activity of male mice in Assessment of mating model was determined by administering methanolic extract of Trianthema decandra of different doses and each male mouse was placed in separate cage. After one hour, five oestrous females were placed into each cage and cohabitated overnight. The vaginal smear of each female mouse was examined next day under the microscope to confirm mating by the presence of sperms. To study the Effect on fertility in mice model, different groups of animals (mice) were treated as above and each male mouse was placed in separate cage. After one hour, one oestrous female with proven fertility was admitted into each cage and cohabitated overnight. These females were watched for pregnancy and birth of offspring’s. In the conclusion, out of all test extract doses of Trianthema decandra, medium and high dose showed significant aphrodisiac activity when compared with control and standard groups. Hence this reveals that Trianthema decandra have fertility enhancing activity. Further research is needed to identify biologically active constituents for fertility enhancing activity.
Acute oral toxicity study of Tectona grandis LInn. methanolic seed extract in albino mice
Authors: Dokuparthi Sudheer Kumar , Khan MdAmer , Anusha A , Bee Mashma , Shaibaz Dr. , Shahajeb Shaik , K Sunil Kumar , Suthakaran R
Published: October 2021

Objective: To evaluate the acute toxicity studies of methanolic seed extract of Tectona grandis in albino mice. Method: The present study has been carried out to evaluate the adverse and hazardous effects of methanolic seed extract of Tectona grandis in albino mice through oral route. Acute oral toxicity of methanolic extract was carried out in two phases. In first phase, a single dose of 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000mg/kg (dissolved in water) body weight in test group, while mice in control group received normal saline was administered. All the animals were individually studies for the mortality, wellness parameters and body weight for 14 days. The experiment was performed under OECD guidelines 423. No mortality or any significant physiological changes in the animals were observed up to 1000mg/kg bodyweight. The experiment was again repeated for second phase with a single doses of 1000, 1250, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg. Mortality was found at 1250 mg/kg. Therefore LD50 of the extract was estimated to be more than 1000mg/kg body weight. Finally, administration of a single dose of 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000 mg/kg of the extract did not showed any significant differences in food and water consumption and other behavioral changes. The extract starts showing toxicity at a dose of 1250 mg/kg body weight. Conclusion: The analysis of these results with the information of signs, behavior and health monitoring leads to the conclusion that the oral administration of T.grandis methanolic seed extract for 15 days does not cause acute toxicity. But, higher doses on long term administering can cause considerable toxicity.
Phytochemical profile and antimicrobial potential of methanolic extracts of bark and leaf of Quassia indica (Gaertn.) Nooteb.
Authors: Anusha P , R Sudha Bai
Published: October 2021

The study comprises the results of phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial evaluation of extracts from bark and leaf of Quassia indica (Gaertn). Nooteb. – a medicinal plant used in traditional healing owing to its analgestic, antiinflammatory, antifeedant and antimicrobial properties. A preliminary qualitative analysis was carried out successively in five different solvents with increasing order of polarity-Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate, Methanol and Water to document the nature and yield of phytochemicals. The extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial effect using two strains of bacteria – Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and fungi – Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Among solvents methanol and water were found as effective extractants in which most of the secondary metabolites - alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, tannins, phytosterols were released. Quantitative analysis of the methanolic and aqueous extracts was carried out to estimate the quantity (mg/g tissue) of the phytoconstituents. The alkaloid content was much higher in leaf extract (5.7 mg/g) than in bark (3.5 mg/g). The phenolic content expressed as mg/ g GAE was determined in the methanolic extract, bark (24.38) > leaf (10.44) and the aqueous extract does not show much phenolic content. Flavonoid were maximum in methanolic leaf extract (1.085 mg/g) and minimum in aqueous bark extract (0.305 mg/g) and the terpenoid content was detected in methanolic extracts of leaf (0.4016 mg/g) and bark (0.4224 mg/g). The leaf extract indicated more tannin content (1.536 mg/g) than bark (1.328 mg/g). Evaluation of antimicrobial activity suggested leaf extract as an effective antibacterial and antifungal agent at a concentration of 1000 g/ml with inhibition zones- 24 mm (S.aureus), 22 mm (E.coli) and 14 mm (A.niger), 14 mm(C. albicans). The bark extract was comparatively lesser efficient in resisting microbial growth (E. coli – 20 mm; S. aureus – 22 mm; A. niger – 12 mm; C. albicans – 10 mm).
Enumerations on phytochemical, pharmacological and ethnobotanical properties of Cassia fistula Linn: yellow shower
Authors: Sharma Dilip Kumar
Published: October 2021

Indian Laburnum or Yellow shower (Cassia fistula Linn.) of Fabaceae (caesalpiniaceae) is a semi-wild deciduous and ornamental tree with long and cylindrical fruits. It is a native of tropical Asia widely cultivated in South Africa, Mexico, East Africa and Brazil. Its species are native to the Indian subcontinent and adjacent regions of Southeast Asia. It is suppose to closely associate with the Mullai (forest) region of Sangam landscape. It ranges from southern Pakistan eastward throughout India to Myanmar Thailand and south Sri Lanka. The plant parts have medicinal uses and important for antimicrobial, anthelmintic and phytochemical aspects for its pod, leaves bark and seed extracts. Pharmacologically it is hypoglycaemic, anticancer, abortifacient, anticolic, antifertility, estrogenic, laxative, antimicrobial, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, smooth muscle stimulant, antiarthritic, antitussive, purgative, analgesic, antiviral, antimicrobial and hepatoprotective activity. It is known as rich source of tannins, flavonoids and glycosides. It is also used to cure burns, constipation, convulsions, diarrhea, dysuria and epilepsy. Ayurvedic medicines recognize it as carminative, laxative and to cure leprosy, skin diseases and syphilis. This article provides a comprehensive review on plant profile, morphology, traditional or ethnobotanical uses, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of plant.
Pharmacognostic, phytochemical, physicochemical and TLC profile study Mace (Aril) of Myristica malabarica Lamk. (Myristicaceae)
Authors: Mendhekar Seema Yuvraj , Balsaraf Chetana Dilip , Bangar Mayuri Sharad , Jadhav S.L. , Gaikwad D.D.
Published: October 2021

The plant Myristica malabarica Lamk. is traditionally used as a medicine and spices in food . It is belonging to family Myristicaceae. The plant is native to India and endangered trees are mostly found in western ghat. Extracted with various solvents by successive soxhlet hot extraction processs with increasing order of polarity on phytochemical investigation. The extract has shown alkaloids, saponin, tannin and flavones glycosides. It has important medicinal uses like Ayurvedic Medicines. It is traditionally used as anticancer, antiInflammatory, anti-Oxidant, Sedative hypnotics, Antimicrobial, Antifertility, Hepatoprotective and cytotoxicity. The chemical constituents such as Malabaricones, Malabaricanol, Isoflavones are isolated .Myristica Fragrans also known as fragnant Nutmeg or true Nutmeg. The present study i.e. Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical, Physicochemical and TLC Profile Study of Mace (Aril) Of Myristica malabarica Lamk. is helpful in the characterization of the crude drug. Physiochemical and phyto-chemical analysis of mace confirm the quality and purity of plant and its identification. The information collected is useful for further pharmacological and therapeutical evaluation of mace (Aril) Of Myristica malabarica Lamk. and anthology of quality control of crude drug.
Natural product medicines: A literature update
Authors: Dar Refaz Ahmad , Shahnawaz Mohd , Rasool Saika , Qazi Parvaiz Hassan
Published: October 2021

Natural products represent major approach for the discovery and development of new drugs. An updated review on the natural products is lacking in the literature. So, in the present review, an attempt has made to pool the source of current natural product information for health care professionals, to update the detailed information about natural products, to generate data bank on latest medical and scientific studies on natural products, including medically active foods (nutraceuticals).
TILIROSIDE: Biosynthesis, Bioactivity and Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) - A Review
Authors: Luhata Lokadi Pierre , Luhata Wembi Gaston
Published: October 2021

Tilirosides (TLD) are glycosidic flavonoids (GFD) from originating in plants that exhibit a range of bioactivities of great interest for healthcare: antioxidant, anti-microbial, antifungal, anti-diabetic and antihyperlipedemic, antiviral and cytotoxic, anti–inflammatory, anti-rheumatism, inhibition of neuroinflammation and acute inflammation and hepatoprotective activities. TLD are biosynthesized in plants in three main steps. First, the synthesis of the aglycone (a flavonoid) occurs, which follows the shikimate pathway with cinnamoylCoA as a starter unit. Second, there is the glucosylation of the aglycone using Uridine diphosphosugar (UDPglucose) as the agent for glycosylation. Finally, the coumaroyl part is added. The Structure Activity Relationship of TLD reveals that the addition of the para coumaric acid moiety considerably modifies their bioactivity.