bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ĐẶC ĐIỂM TỔN THƯƠNG DA ĐẦU CỦA VẢY NẾN VÀ VIÊM DA TIẾT BÃ QUA PHÂN TÍCH BẰNG DERMOSCOPY
Authors: Danh Bảo Khánh , Văn Thế Trung
Published: September 2024

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm tổn thương da đầu của bệnh vảy nến và viêm da tiết bã qua phân tích bằng dermoscopy ở những bệnh nhân đến khám tại bệnh viện Da liễu Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh từ tháng 11/2022 đến tháng 05/2023. Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả hàng loạt ca trên 97 bệnh nhân vảy nến  và 77 bệnh nhân viêm da tiết bã có tổn thương da đầu được chẩn đoán bệnh trên lâm sàng sau đó chụp phân tích da đầu bằng dermoscopy. Kết quả: Tuổi trung vị của nhóm bệnh vảy nến là 42, viêm da tiết bã là 33. Tỉ lệ nữ:nam trong bệnh vảy nến là 1:1,4; tỉ lệ nữ:nam trong bệnh viêm da tiết bã là 1:2,4. Qua quan sát da đầu bằng mắt thường cho thấy các đặc điểm nổi bật ở bệnh vảy nến: màu sắc thương tổn đỏ tươi (79,38%), ranh giới rõ (73,2%), vảy trắng (85,57%) và dày (51,55%); các đặc điểm nổi bật ở bệnh viêm da tiết bã: màu sắc thương tổn đỏ sẫm (68,83%), ranh giới không rõ (58,44%), vảy trắng (66,23%) và mỏng (63,64%). Kết quả dermoscopy được ghi nhận trong nghiên cứu của chúng tôi như sau: các đặc điểm thường gặp nhất của vảy nến: mạch máu phân bố đồng đều (91,75%), hình chấm, cuộn mạch (90,72%), vảy phân bố lan toả (28,87%); các đặc điểm thường gặp nhất của viêm da tiết bã: mạch máu phân bố không đồng đều (68,83%), hình dấu phẩy (76,62%), vảy phân bố quanh chân tóc (51,95%). Kết luận: Có thể sử dụng dermoscopy để hỗ trợ nhận biết hai bệnh trên lâm sàng.
RỐI LOẠN NỘI TIẾT Ở TRẺ THALASSEMIA THỂ NẶNG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA VÙNG TÂY NGUYÊN
Authors: Trần Thị Thúy Minh , Huỳnh Phú Phong
Published: September 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Thalassemia là bệnh lý huyết tán di truyền phổ biến ở trẻ em. Những thập kỷ gần đây, với nỗ lực điều trị và quản lý bệnh, tỷ lệ tử vong đã giảm đáng kể, tuy nhiên rối loạn nội tiết và biến chứng tim mạch vẫn là những nguyên nhân hàng đầu gây tử vong ở bệnh lý này. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: xác định tỷ lệ rối loạn nội tiết ở trẻ thalassemia nặng và các yếu tố liên quan. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang phân tích tiền cứu trên 79 trẻ dưới 16 tuổi mắc thalassemia thể nặng ở Bệnh Viện đa khoa Vùng Tây Nguyên, Việt Nam. Từ tháng 4-6/2024. Thu thập thông tin qua khám lâm sàng, xét nghiệm ferritin, T4, TSH, Hb, glucose lúc đói, XQ xương cổ tay không thuận. Kết quả: nghiên cứu 46 trẻ nam và 33 trẻ nữ, tuổi trung bình là 8,6±3,9 tuổi, đa phần là β thalassemia và β thalassemia/HbE. 13,9% đã cắt lách, suy giáp 0%, tiểu đường 5,1%, rối loạn glucose lúc đói 10,1%, chậm dậy thì 83,3%, chậm phát triển tuổi xương 62,0%, thấp còi 79,7%. Hb trung bình trước truyền máu 6,8±1,4g/dL, thời gian điều trị trung bình 7,4±3,8 năm. Thời gian điều trị trung bình cao hơn, Hb trung bình trước truyền máu thấp hơn ở nhóm tiểu đường và rối loạn glucose lúc đói (p<0,05). Kết luận: tỷ lệ rối loạn nội tiết của bệnh nhân thalassemia nặng còn cao. Cần có một chiến lược quản lý hợp lý, thải sắt tích cực, tầm soát các bệnh nội tiết ở bệnh nhân thalassemia thể nặng tại Bệnh viện đa khoa Vùng Tây Nguyên.
The regenerative capacity of hepatocyte organoids following long-term cryopreservation in Republic of Korea
Authors: Ock Sun A , Kim Seo-Yeon , Kim Young-Im , Lee Poongyeon , Ju Won Seok
Published: September 2024

Background: Hepatocyte organoids (HOs) are more functionally versatile than bile duct epithelial cell organoids, but have a shorter lifespan. This limitation has been improved by optimizing culture methods, but could remain a barrier to their wider application in research and therapy, especially for use at the appropriate time.Methods: This study aimed to prolong the lifespan of pig HOs and assess their viability and functionality after a year of cryopreservation. Genes involved in apoptosis (TP53, P21, CASP8) and liver function (ALB, CYP3A29, EPCAM) were analyzed to evaluate the impact of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (A-MSC) co-culture before and after freezing on cryoresistance. HOs were cut into fragments, cryopreserved for a year, and cultured alone or co-cultured with A-MSCs in Matrigel post-thawing.Results: After thawing, co-cultured HOs exhibited a higher development rate than those cultured alone. P21 expression increased irrespective of pre-freezing culture conditions. The ALB and CYP3A29 expression patterns resembled those of non-frozen HOs, with similar effects from co-culture. EPCAM expression surged post-freezing.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that HOs maintain liver function post-preservation, showing increased EPCAM expression and enhanced regenerative capacity against cryoinjury. These findings suggest that HOs may be a valuable cell source for drug development in animals and research on medications for human diseases.
Além das Cores e Formas: A Arte como Catalisadora da Educação Emocional
Authors: Da Silva Gercilane Bento , Da Silva Josué Jorge Gonçalves , Pontes José Tarcísio Lourenço , De Freitas João Helvis Rodrigues , Freire Roosevelt Lindolfo Venâncio
Published: September 2024

This article explores the role of art as a catalyst for emotional education, examining its theoretical foundations and empirical evidence that demonstrate its positive impact on socio-emotional development and mental health. Art, as a means of expression and communication, transcends the barriers of verbal language, allowing the externalization and understanding of emotions in a profound and authentic way, opening a space for the expression of that which often cannot be said in words. Concepts such as catharsis, sublimation, and art therapy provide a theoretical framework for understanding how art acts as a channel for emotional expression and transformation. Empirical studies demonstrate the positive impact of art on emotional education, mental health, and subjective well-being, promoting crucial socio-emotional skills, assisting in stress management, and contributing to a more fulfilling life. Art reveals itself as a powerful tool for self-knowledge, healing, and personal growth, driving transformation in different contexts, such as education, health, and the community. The article aims to understand how artistic expression can facilitate socio-emotional development. The methodology used is qualitative bibliographic research, exploring theoretical foundations and empirical evidence onthe subject. The conclusion highlights art as a powerful tool for self-knowledge, healing, and personal growth, driving transformation in various contexts.
Da Exclusão à Expressão: Arte como Ferramenta de Inclusão e Empoderamento para Alunos com Necessidades Especiais
Authors: Da Silva Gercilane Bento , Da Silva Josué Jorge Gonçalves , Pontes José Tarcísio Lourenço , De Freitas João Helvis Rodrigues , Freire Roosevelt Lindolfo Venâncio
Published: September 2024

This study explores the profound relationship between art and inclusion in the education of students with special needs. Art transcends its role as a curricular discipline, becoming a powerful tool for the holistic development and empowerment of these students. By challenging stereotypes and promoting full participation, art offers a space for expression, communication, and learning for all, regardless of their needs. The research highlights the importance of adapting materials, activities, and environments, as well as the ongoing training of teachers, to make art accessible and meaningful for all students. Through flexibility, creativity, and sensitivity, teachers can create a welcoming and stimulating learning environment where every student feels valued and encouraged to explore their creative potential. Theories such as constructivism, the Social Model of Disability, and the Theory of Multiple Intelligences provide a solid theoretical foundation for the construction of inclusive pedagogical practices. The methodology adopted in this study is qualitative bibliographic research, which seeks to analyze and synthesize the knowledge produced on the relationship between art and inclusion in theeducation of students with special needs. The study concludes that art, when used intentionally and adapted, can be a powerful tool for promoting inclusion, holistic development, and empowerment of students with special needs. Art reveals itself as a path towards building a fairer, more equitable, and creative education, where every individual has the opportunity to flourish fully and contribute to the construction of a more humane and supportive world.
A model for VAT standardization in Nigeria: Enhancing collection and compliance
Authors: Edith Ebele Agu  , Mobolaji Olalekan Komolafe  , Onyinye Gift Ejike  , Chikezie Paul-Mikki Ewim  , Ifeanyi Chukwunonso Okeke
Published: September 2024

This paper explores a proposed model for the standardization of Value-Added Tax (VAT) in Nigeria, aiming to enhance both collection efficiency and compliance. VAT is a significant revenue source for Nigeria; however, inefficiencies in its collection and compliance present challenges to economic development. The study addresses these issues by proposing a comprehensive model that integrates global best practices with local context. The proposed model includes the uniform application of VAT rates across sectors, standardized invoicing and documentation procedures, and the adoption of advanced technological solutions for VAT monitoring and reporting. By standardizing VAT procedures and leveraging technology, the model seeks to reduce discrepancies and errors, streamline compliance, and enhance transparency. The methodology involves a thorough review of existing literature, comparative analysis of VAT systems in other countries, and case studies of past VAT standardization attempts in Nigeria. The study uses qualitative and quantitative data to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model and its potential impact on VAT collection and compliance. The findings indicate that implementing the model could significantly improve VAT collection efficiency and compliance rates, contributing to a more robust and transparent tax system. The paper concludes with recommendations for policymakers on adopting and refining the proposed model, along with suggestions for further research to address ongoing challenges in VAT administration.
Keywords:  Model, VAT, Standardization, Nigeria, Enhancing Collection, Compliance.
DIGITAL PEDAGOGY IN ACTION: INVESTIGATING ICT TOOLS USAGE AND EXPERTISE AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors:   DSRE, School of Education, Central University of Gujarat, Ahmad Afzal , Lakshmi Dr. Y. Vijaya , Majid Ishfaq ,   DSRE, School of Education, Central University of Gujarat
Published: September 2024

A teacher in the digital age must be competent in successfully integrating content, pedagogy, and technology in the teaching learning process. The COVID pandemic prepared us to be ready for new and transformative changes in the education system, be it online education, flipped classroom, blended learning, individualized learning, or computer-based adaptive testing. Against this background, the present cross-sectional study examines the use of ICT tools and expertise in using them by elementary school teachers. The sample consisted of 167 elementary school teachers selected randomly and rated their use and expertisein using various ICT tools. The study found that teachers were more proficient in using simple ICT tools and rarely or never used complex ICT tools. Variables such as teacher teaching experience, type of employment had no significant influence on usage and expertise. However, the use and expertise of using ICT tools among teachers working in urban schools is better than that of teachers working in rural schools. In addition, educational qualification was found to have a significant influence on the use and expertiseof using ICT tools. Furthermore, there was a significant positive and moderate correlation between use of ICT tools and expertise in using ICT tools, suggesting that there may be many other influencing factors.
Assessing the effectiveness of SO2, NOx, and NH3 emission reductions in mitigating winter PM2.5 in Taiwan using CMAQ
Authors: Huang Ping-Chieh , Hung Hui-Ming , Lai Hsin-Chih , Chou Charles C.-K.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Taiwan experiences higher air pollution in winter when fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels frequently surpass national standards. This study employs the Community Multiscale Air Quality model to assess the effectiveness of reducing SO2, NOx, and NH3 emissions on PM2.5 secondary inorganic species (i.e., SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+). For sulfate, ∼ 43.7 % is derived from the chemical reactions of local SO2 emission, emphasizing the substantial contribution of regionally transported sulfate. In contrast, nitrate and ammonium are predominantly influenced by local NOx and NH3 emissions. Reducing SO2 emissions decreases sulfate levels, which in turn leads to more NH3 remaining in the gas phase, resulting in lower ammonium concentrations. Similarly, reducing NOx emissions lowers HNO3 formation, impacting nitrate and ammonium concentrations by decreasing the available HNO3 and leaving more NH3 in the gas phase. A significant finding is that reducing NH3 emissions decreases not only ammonium and nitrate but also sulfate by altering cloud droplet pH and SO2 oxidation processes. While the impact of SO2 reduction on PM2.5 is less than that of NOx and NH3, it emphasizes the complexity of regional sensitivities. Most of western Taiwan is NOx-sensitive, so reducing NOx emissions has a more substantial impact on lowering PM2.5 levels. However, given the higher mass emissions of NOx than NH3 in Taiwan, NH3 has a more significant consequence in mitigating PM2.5 per unit mass emission reduction (i.e., 2.43 × 10−5 and 0.85 × 10−5 µg m−3 (t yr−1)−1​​​​​​​ for NH3 and NOx, respectively, under current emission reduction). The cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that NH3 reduction outperforms SO2 and NOx reduction (i.e., USD 0.06 billion yr−1 µg−1 m3, USD 0.1 billion yr−1 µg−1 m3, and USD 1 billion yr−1 µg−1 m3 for NH3, SO2, and NOx, respectively, under the current emission reduction). Nevertheless, the costs of emission reduction vary due to differences in methodology and regional emission sources. Overall, this study considers both the efficiency and costs, highlighting NH3 emissions reduction as a promising strategy for PM2.5 mitigation in the studied environment in Taiwan.
A continental reconstruction of hydroclimatic variability in South America during the past 2000 years
Authors: Choblet Mathurin A. , Bühler Janica C. , Novello Valdir F. , Steiger Nathan J. , Rehfeld Kira
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Paleoclimatological field reconstructions are valuable for understanding past hydroclimatic variability, which is crucial for assessing potential future hydroclimate changes. Despite being as impactful on societies as temperature variability, hydroclimatic variability – particularly beyond the instrumental record – has received less attention. The reconstruction of globally complete fields of climate variables lacks adequate proxy data from tropical regions like South America, limiting our understanding of past hydroclimatic changes in these areas. This study addresses this gap using low-resolution climate archives, including speleothems, previously omitted from reconstructions. Speleothems record climate variations on decadal to centennial timescales and provide a rich dataset for the otherwise proxy-data-scarce region of tropical South America. By employing a multi-timescale paleoclimate data assimilation approach, we synthesize climate proxy records and climate model simulations capable of simulating water isotopologs in the atmosphere to reconstruct 2000 years of South American climate. This includes surface air temperature, precipitation amount, drought index, isotopic composition of precipitation amount and the intensity of the South American Summer Monsoon. The reconstruction reveals anomalous climate periods: a wetter and colder phase during the Little Ice Age (∼ 1500–1850 CE) and a drier, warmer period corresponding to the early Medieval Climate Anomaly (∼ 600–900 CE). However, these patterns are not uniform across the continent, with climate trends in northeastern Brazil and the Southern Cone not following the patterns of the rest of the continent, indicating regional variability. The anomalies are more pronounced than in previous reconstructions but match trends found in local proxy record studies, thus highlighting the importance of including speleothem proxies. The multi-timescale approach is essential for reconstructing multi-decadal and centennial climate variability. Despite methodological uncertainties regarding climate model biases and proxy record interpretations, this study marks a crucial first step in incorporating low-resolution proxy records such as speleothems into climate field reconstructions using a multi-timescale approach. Adequately extracting and using the information from speleothems potentially enhances insights into past hydroclimatic variability and hydroclimate projections.
The effects of upstream water abstraction for commercial export farming on drought risk and impact of agropastoral communities in the drylands of Kenya
Authors: Streefkerk Ileen N. , Aerts Jeroen C. J. H. , de Bruijn Jens , Hassaballah Khalid , Odongo Rhoda , Schrieks Teun , Wasonga Oliver , Van Loon Anne F.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. In the Horn of Africa Drylands (HAD) conflict over water and vegetation is prominent. Additionally, large-scale land acquisitions (LSLAs) are increasing the competition of water, putting local communities at greater risk. A key impact of increasing LSLA's is the decrease in water and land availability for vulnerable agropastoral communities. Despite recent studies, there is still a lack of research that includes the influence of upstream-downstream dynamics on drought risk and impacts of agropastoralists. Therefore, this study further develops an agent-based model (ADOPT-AP) to investigate how upstream large scale commercial farms influence downstream drought risk and impact of agropastoralists in the Upper Ewaso Ng’iro catchment in Kenya. After the model has been calibrated and validated, we assess how commercial exporting farms affect drought risk and impact of downstream communities by simulating different scenarios where the farms are replaced by agropastoral communities or forests. Our results show how both drought hazard characteristics and impacts differ among these scenarios. The analysis shows that in the scenarios where these farms are replaced by forests or communities, drought conditions are alleviated by increasing soil moisture, streamflow, and groundwater tables. These improvements are linked to reduced water abstraction and increased infiltration, benefiting downstream communities by decreasing the distance to household water, and increasing crop and milk production in times of dry periods. Policy interventions should prioritize equitable water distribution, regulation of water use, and promotion of sustainable agricultural practices to mitigate long-term impacts on water resources and community resilience.
A GPU-parallelization of the neXtSIM-DG dynamical core (v0.3.1)
Authors: Jendersie Robert , Lessig Christian , Richter Thomas
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The cryosphere plays a crucial role in Earth’s climate system, making accurate sea ice simulation essential for improving climate projections. To achieve higher resolution simulations, graphics processing units (GPUs) have become increasingly appealing due to their higher floating point peak performance and superior energy efficiency compared to CPUs. However, harnessing the full theoretical performance of GPUs often requires significant effort in redesigning algorithms and careful implementation. Recently, several frameworks have emerged, aiming to simplify general-purpose GPU programming. In this study, we evaluate multiple such frameworks, including CUDA, SYCL, Kokkos, and PyTorch, for the parallelization of neXtSIM-DG, a finite-element-based dynamical core for sea ice. Based on our assessment of usability and performance, CUDA demonstrates the best performance, while Kokkos is a suitable option for its robust heterogeneous computing capabilities. Our complete implementation of the momentum equation using Kokkos achieves a sixfold speedup on the GPU compared to our OpenMP-based CPU code, while maintaining competitiveness when run on the CPU. Additionally, we explore the impact of different discretization orders and the use of lower precision floating-point types on the GPU, showing that switching to single precision can further accelerate sea ice codes.
New Controls on Sedimentation and Climate in the Central Equatorial Pacific Ocean
Authors: Jacobel Allison W. , Costa Kassandra M. , Applebaum Lily M. , Conde Serena
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The equatorial Pacific is a nexus of key oceanic and atmospheric phenomena, and its regional climate has critical implications for hydroclimate, the partitioning of CO2, and temperature on a global scale. The spatial complexity of climate signals across the basin has long posed a challenge for interpreting the interplay of different climate phenomena including changes in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and El Niño Southern Oscillation. Here, we present new, millennially resolved sediment core chronologies and stable isotope records from three sites in the equatorial Pacific’s Line Islands region, as well as updated chronologies for four previously studied cores. Age constraints are derived from 14C (n=17) and δ18O (n=610), which are used as inputs to a Bayesian software package (BIGMACS) that constructs age models and uncertainty bounds via correlation with the global benthic δ18O stack (Lee et al., 2023). We also make use of the new planktonic δ18O data to draw inferences about surface water salinity and to infer a southward-shifted position for the ITCZ at the Last Glacial Maximum (18–24 ka) and Marine Isotope Stage 6 (138–144 ka). These new chronologies and related datasets improve our understanding of equatorial Pacific climate and show strong promise for further surface and deep ocean paleoclimate reconstructions over the last several glacial cycles.
A new lightning scheme in the Canadian Atmospheric Model (CanAM5.1): implementation, evaluation, and projections of lightning and fire in future climates
Authors: Whaley Cynthia , Etten-Bohm Montana , Schumacher Courtney , Akingunola Ayodeji , Arora Vivek , Cole Jason , Lazare Michael , Plummer David , von Salzen Knut , Winter Barbara
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Lightning is an important atmospheric process for generating reactive nitrogen, resulting in the production of tropospheric ozone, as well as igniting wildland fires, which result in potentially large emissions of many pollutants and short-lived climate forcers. Lightning is also expected to change in frequency and location with the changing climate. As such, lightning is an important component of Earth system models. Until now, the Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM) did not contain an interactive-lightning parameterization. The fire parameterization in CanESM5.1 was designed to use prescribed monthly climatological lightning. In this study, we have added a logistical regression lightning model that predicts lightning occurrence interactively based on three environmental variables and their interactions in CanESM5.1's atmospheric model, CanAM5.1 (Canadian Atmospheric Model), creating the capacity to interactively model lightning, allowing for future projections under different climate scenarios. The modelled lightning and resulting burned area were evaluated against satellite measurements over the historical period, and model biases were found to be acceptable. Modelled lightning had a small negative bias and excellent land–ocean ratio compared to satellite measurements. The modified version of CanESM5.1 was used to simulate two future climate scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5; Shared Socioeconomic Pathway) to assess how lightning and burned area change in the future. Under the higher-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), CanESM5.1 predicts almost no change to the global mean lightning flash rate by the end of the century (2081–2100 vs. 2015–2035 average). However, there are substantial regional changes to lightning – particularly over land – such as a mean increase of 6 % in the northern mid-latitudes and decrease of −8 % in the tropics. By the century's end, the change in global total burned area with prescribed climatological lightning was about 2 times greater than that with interactive lightning (42 % vs. 26 % increase, respectively). Conversely, in the northern mid-latitudes the use of interactive lightning resulted in 3 times more burned area compared to that with unchanging lightning (48 % vs. 16 % increase, respectively). These results show that the future changes to burned area are greatly dependent on a model's lightning scheme, both spatially and overall.
Forecasting avalanche danger: human-made forecasts vs. fully automated model-driven predictions
Authors: Techel Frank , Mayer Stephanie , Purves Ross S. , Schmudlach Günter , Winkler Kurt
Published: September 2024

Abstract. In recent years, the integration of physical snowpack models coupled with machine-learning techniques has become more prevalent in public avalanche forecasting. When combined with spatial interpolation methods, these approaches enable fully data- and model-driven predictions of snowpack stability or avalanche danger at any given location. This prompts the question: Are such detailed spatial model predictions sufficiently accurate for use in operational avalanche forecasting? We evaluated the performance of three spatially-interpolated, model-driven forecasts of snowpack stability and avalanche danger by comparing them with human-generated public avalanche forecasts in Switzerland over two seasons as benchmark. Specifically, we compared the predictive performance of model predictions versus human forecasts using observed avalanche events (natural or human-triggered) and non-events. To do so, we calculated event ratios as proxies for the probability of avalanche release due to natural causes or due to human load, given either interpolated model output or the human-generated avalanche forecast. Our findings revealed that the event ratio increased strongly with rising predicted probability of avalanche occurrence, decreasing snowpack stability, or increasing avalanche danger. Notably, model predictions and human forecasts showed similar predictive performance. In summary, our results indicate that the investigated models captured regional patterns of snowpack stability or avalanche danger as effectively as human forecasts, though we did not investigate forecast quality for specific events. We conclude that these model chains are ready for systematic integration in the forecasting process. Further research is needed to explore how this can be effectively achieved and how to communicate model-generated forecasts to forecast users.
Influence of data source and copula statistics on estimates of compound flood extremes in a river mouth environment
Authors: Dubois Kévin , Larsen Morten Andreas Dahl , Drews Martin , Nilsson Erik , Rutgersson Anna
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Coastal and riverine floods are major concerns worldwide as they can impact highly populated areas and result in significant economic losses. In a river mouth environment, interacting hydrological and oceanographical processes can enhance the severity of floods. The compound flood hazards from high sea levels and high river discharge are often estimated using copulas, among other methods. Here, we systematically investigate the influence of different data sources coming from observations and models as well as the choice of copula on extreme water level estimates. While we focus on the river mouth at the city of Halmstad (Sweden), the approach presented is easily transferable to other sites. Our results show that the choice of data sources can considerably impact the results up to 10 % and 15 % for the river time series and 3 % to 4.6 % for the sea level time series under the 5- and 30-year return periods, respectively. The choice of copula can also strongly influence the outcome of such analyses up to 13 % and 9.5 % for the 5-year and 30-year return periods. Each percentage refers to the normalized difference in return level results we can expect when choosing a certain copula or input dataset. The copulas found to statistically best fit our datasets are the Clayton, BB1, and Gaussian (once) ones. We also show that the compound occurrence of high sea levels and river runoff may lead to heightened flood risks as opposed to considering them independent processes and that, in the current study, this is dominated by the hydrological driver. Our findings contribute to framing existing studies, which typically only consider selected copulas and datasets, by demonstrating the importance of considering uncertainties.
The long-term sea-level commitment from Antarctica
Authors: Klose Ann Kristin , Coulon Violaine , Pattyn Frank , Winkelmann Ricarda
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet is of vital importance given the coastal and societal implications of ice loss, with a potential to raise sea level by up to 58 m if it melts entirely. However, future ice-sheet trajectories remain highly uncertain. One of the main sources of uncertainty is related to nonlinear processes and feedbacks between the ice sheet and the Earth System on different timescales. Due to these feedbacks and ice-sheet inertia, ice loss may already be triggered in the next decades or centuries and will then unfold thereafter on timescales on the order of multiple centuries to millennia. This committed Antarctic sea-level contribution is not reflected in typical sea-level projections based on mass balance changes of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, which often cover decadal-to-centennial timescales. Here, using two ice-sheet models, we systematically assess the long-term multi-millennial sea-level commitment from Antarctica in response to warming projected over the next centuries under low- and high-emission pathways. This allows us to bring together the time horizon of stakeholder planning and the much longer response times of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Our results show that warming levels representative of the lower-emission pathway, SSP1-2.6, may already result in an Antarctic mass loss of up to 6 m of sea-level equivalent on multi-millennial timescales. This committed mass loss is due to a strong grounding-line retreat in the West Antarctic Amundsen Sea embayment as well as potential drainage from the Ross Ice Shelf catchment and onset of ice loss from Wilkes subglacial basin in East Antarctica. Beyond the warming levels reached by the end of this century under the higher-emission trajectory, SSP5-8.5, a collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is triggered in the entire ensemble of simulations from both ice-sheet models. Under enhanced warming, next to ice loss from the marine subglacial basins, we also find a substantial decline in ice volume grounded above sea level in East Antarctica. Over the next millennia, this gives rise to a sea-level increase of up to 40 m in our simulations, stressing the importance of including the committed Antarctic sea-level contribution in future projections.
Incapacidades físicas por hanseníase: perfil sociodemográfico e clínico em um estado da Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Soares Aloma Sena , Duarte Breno Augusto Silva , De Oliveira Lucas Ferreira , De Andrade Erlon Gabriel Rego , Almeida Maria das Graças Carvalho , Borges Michelle de Oliveira , Rodrigues Ivaneide Leal Ataíde , Nogueira Laura Maria Vidal
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de casos de hanseníase com grau de incapacidade física avaliado no momento do diagnóstico. Método: estudo epidemiológico, com dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, coletados em setembro de 2020 na Secretaria de Estado de Saúde Pública do Pará. Foram incluídos os casos residentes no estado do Pará, notificados no período de 2009-2018. Nas análises, utilizou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial, com significância de 5% (p<0,05), taxa de detecção geral de casos novos e proporção de casos novos com grau de incapacidade física 2. Resultados: identificaram-se 19.486 casos de hanseníase: 4.806 (24,66%) com grau de incapacidade física 1 e 1.351 (6,93%) com grau de incapacidade física 2, totalizando 6.157 (31,60%), predominantes no sexo masculino, com idade média de 39 anos, ensino fundamental incompleto, formas clínicas dimorfa e virchowiana e com, pelo menos, um nervo afetado. As taxas de detecção geral de casos novos apresentaram parâmetro muito alto, e as proporções de casos novos com grau de incapacidade física 2, parâmetro médio. Conclusão: esse cenário de alta endemicidade amplia o reconhecimento da doença como problema de saúde pública, sobretudo no contexto locorregional, demandando melhor capacitação dos profissionais de saúde para fortalecer as ações de controle.
Easements: law enforcement and prospects of civil law regulation
Authors: Schennikova L. V.
Published: September 2024

The subject of the study is easements as a special and ancient type of rights to other people's land plots.

The article presents a scientific analysis of certain aspects and properties of servitude law through the prism of modern judicial practice and on the basis of conclusions drawn in the research of modern foreign civilists.

The purpose of the article is to show the new possibilities of the well-known civil law structure (easements), including from the point of view of the implementation of the task of increasingly satisfying the needs of citizens, including recreational needs.

General scientific methods were used: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison and description, as well as special methods of cognition of legal reality: historical-legal, formal-legal, comparative-legal, legal modeling.

Scientific results:

It is proved that the institutions of property law, including the institution of easements, cannot be indifferent to the social problems of our time, including a great role in meeting the diverse needs of citizens, including recreational.

It is established that modern judicial practice in cases of easements, proving the effectiveness of justice, actually protects public interests, preventing the formal legal use of the design of easements, detracting from the task of more and more fully satisfying the needs of people in active recreation and recovery.

It is emphasized that foreign civil law is actively searching for new models of property law regulation, offering their use taking into account the social tasks of civil law regulation. Attention is drawn to the fundamental conclusions of civilists related to the methodology of assessing real estate burdened with an easement, the separation of easements with other limited property rights, the improvement of forms of protection of this right.

The construction of an environmental easement aimed at preserving the landscape, biodiversity, ecosystems and new opportunities for public admission of citizens to private lands for recreation and active recreation is proposed as promising for the introduction into Russian civil legislation.
On improving the procedure for interaction of the High Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation and public authorities
Authors: Dityatkovsky M. Yu. , Belyatskaya A. M.
Published: September 2024

An analysis of the experience of ombudsmen in foreign countries will identify the most effective methods and approaches in protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens, as well as the problems and difficulties faced by these institutions. It is important to note that the functions and powers of an ombudsman may vary significantly from country to country. The work provides an analysis of Russian legislation regulating the constitutional and legal status of The High Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation, and taking into account the experience of normative regulation of the constitutional and legal status of the Ombudsman abroad, the authors put forward proposals for improving the procedure for interaction between The High Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation and public authorities. The study and analysis of foreign experience will make it possible to develop recommendations for improving the work of The High Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation and take into account international standards in the field of protection of human rights and freedoms.

The work provides an analysis of Russian legislation regulating the constitutional and legal status of The High Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation, and taking into account the experience of normative regulation of the constitutional and legal status of the Ombudsman abroad, the authors put forward proposals for improving the procedure for interaction between The High Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation and public authorities.

We will consider these issues using general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, analogy, comparison, abstraction. In addition, the scientific article used specific historical, systemic-structural, functional, comparative legal, formal legal research methods, predetermined by the characteristics of the object and subject of scientific research, its purpose and objectives.

Until now, not enough attention has been paid to analyzing the possibility of giving a mandatory character to the institution of The High Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation. This means that its decisions and recommendations must be binding on other government bodies. This, in turn, can significantly increase the efficiency of this institution and improve the situation with the protection of human rights in the Russian Federation.
Legal support of social guarantees for persons employed in the gig economy: Russian and foreign experience
Authors: Mironova S. M.
Published: September 2024

The subject. Legal support of social guarantees for persons employed in the gig economy: russian and foreign experience

The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of providing social guarantees to gig workers, as well as protecting their rights through the institution of trade unions, to give the concept of “guarantees of gig workers”, “social guarantees of gig workers” The methodology includes systematic approach, comparative method, formal-logical method, formal-legal method, analysis, synthesis.

The main results of the research. The situation of gig workers appears to be less protected in terms of their rights and the guarantees provided to them. In this regard, there is a need to determine what social guarantees should be provided to which categories of gig workers, as well as possible measures of social protection for such persons. There is a need to once again ensure the rights of workers employed in self-employment or platform employment. A definition of guarantees for gig workers is proposed: guarantees are the means, methods and conditions by which the implementation of the rights granted to gig workers in the field of employment and their social security is ensured. Social guarantees for gig workers can be defined as a set of social and legal obligations of the state to workers employed in the gig economy (self-employment, platform employment), aimed at creating the necessary conditions for them to perform their work and meet their social needs and professional interests.

In cases where a gig worker is, in some respects, close in his legal status to an employee under an employment contract (full-time work, etc.), his pension and social insurance should give him the maximum opportunity for social guarantees in case of temporary disability and in connection with retirement.
Risks of using digital technologies in the activities of local government bodies
Authors: Lipchanskaya M. A. , Channov S. E. , Churikova A. Yu.
Published: September 2024

The subject. The article analyzes the existing practice of implementation and use of digital technologies at the municipal level. The choice of the research object is conditioned by the fact that currently most acts in the field of digitalization of public authority affect the federal or regional level, meanwhile, the digital transformation of local self-government has its own specificity, due to the peculiarities of this level of social management, which should be taken into account in the legal regulation.

The purpose of the study: identify the risks that have a negative impact on the process of digital transformation of local governance, and propose measures to minimize or eliminate the identified risks by legal means.

Methodology. The research utilized integrated and interdisciplinary approaches. The methodological basis of the study was formed by a set of methods of cognition, the main of which were: methods of formal and dialectical logic and analysis, comparative-legal and system-structural methods, as well as sociological methods of research.

Conclusions. The following conclusions were made based on the results of the research:

1.The main risks of introducing digital technologies in the activities of local government are: the risk of violating the security and confidentiality of personal data of citizens during their processing and storage in the digital systems of local government; the risk of cyberattacks, hacking or unauthorized access to information systems operated by municipal authorities; the risk of insufficient legal regulation of the introduction and use of digital technologies; the risk of using inappropriate or low-quality digital technology.

2.The following measures are proposed as measures to minimize the identified risks: systematic mandatory informing of both local government officials and the public on the correct procedure and liability measures for the implementation and operation of digital technologies, transmission, storage and processing of personal data, etc., which will contribute to the formation of the necessary level of legal literacy; revision of the system of penalties for deliberate violations in the field of operation of digital technologies by local government officials; organize control over the acts adopted by local government bodies with the involvement of the population and the use of digital technologies to receive feedback from the population on the acts adopted by local government bodies; develop and consolidate the principles and procedures for the introduction and use of end-to-end digital technologies in the activities of state and municipal authorities; provide for the possibility of revising any decision made in case of a technical failure that occurred in the course of the decision-making process; provide for the use of digital technologies in the activities of state and municipal authorities; and provide for the use of digital technologies in the activities of local government bodies.
The influence of legislation on state control (supervision) on the practice of applying legislation on administrative offenses
Authors: Dmitrikova E. A,
Published: September 2024

Subject. The article analyzes the current practice of applying legislation in the field of administrative responsibility, which is the result of changes in legislation in the field of state control (supervision).The choice of the research object is due to the need for systematic application of legislation in the areas of legal regulation under consideration, as well as the need to ensure uniformity in the practice of applying the Code of Administrative Offenses, which is due to the principle of equality before the law.

The purpose of the study. The article presents an analysis of current problems faced by courts. The results of the analysis of judicial practice and scientific approaches to solving the problems discussed in the article are presented.

Methodology. In the course of the work, the researcher was guided by a systematic way of interpreting current legal norms, as well as existing Russian scientific research in this area.

Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, norms were identified in the application of which uniformity was not ensured. In order to harmonize the legislation on state control (supervision) and the legislation on administrative offenses, it is proposed to take into account the scientific approaches that have emerged in the science of administrative law.
LOCAL DIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY AND ITS APPLICATION TO POLYMERS
Authors: Labardi Massimiliano , Capaccioli S.
Published: September 2024

The advent of nanodielectrics, nanocomposite materials based on a polymeric matrix, and materials with physical properties ruled by interfacial effects in general demands techniques to characterize functional properties on a local scale with high spatial resolution. Scanning probe microscopies (SPMs), in their electrical modes, have emerged as indispensable tools to access physical quantities such as dielectric constant, surface potential, and static charge, with nanometer-scale lateral resolution and with surface selectivity, being influenced mainly by the outermost layer of the specimen. In this tribute, the development of various SPM electrical modes is illustrated, focusing on the measurement of dielectric permittivity and its spectroscopic extension to access the local, frequency-dependent dielectric function (local dielectric spectroscopy [LDS]). The application to nanostructured polymers in the form of ultrathin films, nanometer-scale–separated blends, and self-assembled block copolymer structures is described. LDS appears to be a promising technique for characterizing the electric properties of polymers and their composites as well as other glass formers and nanostructured systems.
Pricing decision for recycling and remanufacturing supply chain considering consumer online consumption preferences and recycled products’ quality
Authors: Feng Yanhua
Published: September 2024

With the organic integration of the Internet and remanufacturing industry, traditional manufacturers can recycle used products and sell products (including new and remanufactured products) through e-commerce retail platforms. A recycling and remanufacturing supply chain with three members (manufacturer, e-commerce retail platform, third-party recycler) is constructed in this paper. Manufacturer has remanufacturing capabilities, and the e-commerce retail platform can provide logistics service. In response to the organic integration of the Internet and remanufacturing industry, we mainly consider the pricing decisions of consumer preferences for online sales models and recycled products’ quality. Based on the impact of consumer used product recycling promotion activities on supply chain, a pricing game model was constructed for three recycling channels: manufacturer, e-commerce retail platform, and third-party recycler. Optimal pricing decision, logistics service level, used product recycling promotion intensity index, and recycling rate were obtained. Research has shown that consumer preferences can significantly improve supply chain logistics service level, pricing, market demand, and profits; Strengthening consumer awareness of remanufacturing used products and improving recycled products’ quality can not only lower consumer purchase prices and expand consumer demand, but also increase profits of supply chain members.