bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing a national research agenda to reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and increase safe water access and consumption among 0- to 5-year-olds: a mixed methods approach
Authors: Duffy Emily W , Lott Megan M , Johnson Emily J , Story Mary T
Published: September 2019

Objective:

Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in early childhood is a public health concern. Adequate hydration in early childhood is also important. We developed a national research agenda to improve beverage consumption patterns among 0–5-year-olds. This article focuses on the process used to develop this research agenda.

Design:

A mixed methods, multi-step process was used to develop the research agenda, including: (i) a scientific advisory committee; (ii) systematic reviews on strategies to reduce SSB consumption and increase water access and consumption; (iii) two stakeholder surveys to first identify and then rank strategies to reduce SSB consumption and increase water access and consumption; (iv) key informant interviews to better understand determinants of beverage consumption and strategies to improve beverage consumption patterns among high-risk groups; (v) an in-person convening with experts; and (vi) developing the final research agenda.

Setting:

This process included research and stakeholders from across the United States.

Participants:

A total of 276 participants completed survey 1 and 182 participants completed survey 2. Key informant interviews were conducted with 12 stakeholders. Thirty experts attended the convening, representing academia, government, and non-profit sectors.

Results:

Thirteen key issue areas and 59 research questions were developed. Priority topics were beverage consumption recommendations, fruit-flavoured drink consumption, interventions tailored to high-risk groups, and family engagement in childcare.

Conclusions:

This research agenda lays the groundwork for research efforts to improve beverage patterns of young children. The methods used can be a template to develop research agendas for other public health issues.
Linking agroecosystems producing farmed seafood with food security and health status to better address the nutritional challenges in Bangladesh
Authors: de Roos Baukje , Roos Nanna , Mamun Abdullah-Al , Ahmed Tahmeed , Sneddon Alan A , Murray Francis , Grieve Eleonor , Little David C
Published: September 2019

Objective:

Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food production sectors in many low-income and food-deficit countries with aquatic ecozones. Yet its specific impact on nutrition and livelihood in local communities, where commercial and/or export-orientated aquaculture activities are developed, is largely unknown.

Design:

The present narrative and argumentative review aims to provide an overview of our current understanding of the connections between aquaculture agroecosystems, local and national fish production, fish consumption patterns and nutrition and health outcomes.

Results:

The agroecological dynamic in a coastal-estuarine zone, where the aquatic environment ranges from fully saline to freshwater, is complex, with seasonal and annual fluctuations in freshwater supply creating a variable salinity gradient which impacts on aquatic food production and on food production more generally. The local communities living in these dynamic aquatic ecozones are vulnerable to poverty, poor diet and health, while these ecosystems produce highly valuable and nutritious aquatic foods. Policies addressing the specific challenges of risk management of these communities are limited by the sectoral separation of aquatic food production – the fisheries and aquaculture sector, the broader food sector – and public health institutions.

Conclusions:

Here we provide an argument for the integration of these factors to improve aquaculture value chains to better address the nutritional challenges in Bangladesh.
Prepregnancy obesity is associated with lower psychomotor development scores in boys at age 3 in a low-income, minority birth cohort
Authors: Nichols Amy R. , Rundle Andrew G. , Factor-Litvak Pam , Insel Beverly J. , Hoepner Lori , Rauh Virginia , Perera Frederica , Widen Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2019

Whether maternal obesity and gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with early-childhood development in low-income, urban, minority populations, and whether effects differ by child sex remain unknown. This study examined the impact of prepregnancy BMI and GWG on early childhood neurodevelopment in the Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health Mothers and Newborns study. Maternal prepregnancy weight was obtained by self-report, and GWG was assessed from participant medical charts. At child age 3 years, the Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) and Mental Development Index (MDI) of the Bayley Scales of Infant Intelligence were completed. Sex-stratified linear regression models assessed associations between prepregnancy BMI and pregnancy weight gain z-scores with child PDI and MDI scores, adjusting for covariates. Of 382 women, 48.2% were normal weight before pregnancy, 24.1% overweight, 23.0% obese, and 4.7% underweight. At 3 years, mean scores on the PDI and MDI were higher among girls compared to boys (PDI: 102.3 vs. 97.2, P = 0.0002; MDI: 92.8 vs. 88.3, P = 0.0001). In covariate-adjusted models, maternal obesity was markedly associated with lower PDI scores in boys [b = −7.81, 95% CI: (−13.08, −2.55), P = 0.004], but not girls. Maternal BMI was not associated with MDI in girls or boys, and GWG was not associated with PDI or MDI among either sex (all-P > 0.05). We found that prepregnancy obesity was associated with lower PDI scores at 3 years in boys, but not girls. The mechanisms underlying this sex-specific association remain unclear, but due to elevated obesity exposure in urban populations, further investigation is warranted.
Surface Warming During the 2018/Mars Year 34 Global Dust Storm
Authors: Streeter Paul M. , Lewis Stephen R. , Patel Manish R. , Holmes James A. , Kass David M.
Published: September 2019

The impact of Mars's 2018 Global Dust Storm (GDS) on surface and near‐surface air temperatures was investigated using an assimilation of Mars Climate Sounder observations. Rather than simply resulting in cooling everywhere from solar absorption (average surface radiative flux fell 26 W/m2), the globally averaged result was a 0.9‐K surface warming. These diurnally averaged surface temperature changes had a novel, highly nonuniform spatial structure, with up to 16‐K cooling/19‐K warming. Net warming occurred in low thermal inertia regions, where rapid nighttime radiative cooling was compensated by increased longwave emission and scattering. This caused strong nightside warming, outweighing dayside cooling. The reduced surface‐air temperature gradient closely coupled surface and air temperatures, even causing local dayside air warming. Results show good agreement with Mars Climate Sounder surface temperature retrievals. Comparisons with the 2001 GDS and free‐running simulations show that GDS spatial structure is crucial in determining global surface temperature effects.
Effects of Topography and Orientation on the Nonlinear Equilibration of Baroclinic Instability
Authors: Brown Justin M. , Gulliver Larry T. , Radko Timour
Published: September 2019

This study attempts to identify the equilibration mechanisms of baroclinic instability and investigate the effects of the orientation of the background flow and topography on eddy‐induced transport. The analysis is based on growth rate balance theory, which assumes that nonlinear equilibration occurs when the growth rate of the primary baroclinic instability becomes comparable to that of the secondary instabilities of amplifying modes. Two‐layer quasi‐geostrophic numerical simulations are performed and compared to growth rate balance theory in order to analytically predict the cross‐stream fluxes of potential vorticity. The model performs remarkably well in predicting the effects of variation in zonal topographic slope and background flow orientation. We find that meridional topographic slopes affect the baroclinic instability in an inherently nonlinear way. A predictive model based on conservation of potential vorticity is developed for the optimal slope that maximizes the transport characteristics of the baroclinic instability.
A Novel Method for Abrupt Motions Estimation of Sparse Scatterers in Differential Tomography SAR Imaging
Authors: Wu Baolong , He Lei , Tong Ling , Li Jinxin
Published: September 2019

In urban areas with many buildings, the scatterers located within one pixel can be assumed to be discrete and sparse (m = 0, 1, or 2). When the abrupt motions of sparse scatterers only happen in a single synthetic aperture radar (SAR) acquisition, these motions cannot be calculated using 2‐D or 3‐D frequency spectrum estimation method based on traditional differential Tomography SAR model. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to solve this issue. By compensating a phase factor from the acquisition which has an abrupt motion and then maximizing the 3D Elevation‐Linear motion‐Amplitude of periodic motion spectrum at the scatterers locations, the final abrupt motions of the scatterers could be calculated. For the scatterers simulated, the estimation accuracy of the locations along elevation direction, linear motions velocity, the amplitudes of seasonal periodic motions, the amplitudes of relative scattering values, and the abrupt motions in the last acquisition are shown. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve high accuracy for no‐noise situation. The root‐mean‐square errors of the abrupt motions estimation are also acceptable (about 1–2 mm) when the signal‐to‐noise ratio = 10 and 8 dB. Thus, the estimation accuracy of the proposed algorithm can also fulfill the practical applications requirement.
The Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Measure: Psychometric Validity of an Adolescent Extension
Authors: Hidalgo Marco A. , Petras Hanno , Chen Diane , Chodzen Gia
Published: September 2019

Objective: Minority stress contributes to several physical and psychological problems in sexual and gender minorities but is largely understudied in transgender/gender-nonconforming (TGNC) individuals, particularly TGNC adolescents. The availability of psychometrically sound measures of adolescent minority stress can help improve assessment and treatment planning in this area. This original research study examined whether an existing measure of TGNC-related minority stress and resilience among adults could retain construct and psychometric validity when administered to TGNC adolescents. Method: Respondents were 258 TGNC adolescents, aged 12 to 17.99 years ( M = 15.1, SD = 1.4), majority White/European American (70.2%) and assigned female at birth (71.7%) seeking care in an interdisciplinary gender-health clinic within a pediatric academic medical center in the Midwestern United States. Respondents completed a battery of clinical measures as standard of care, including the Gender Minority Stress and Resilience (GMSR) measure, measures of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and parental support. Results: Findings indicated that minor adaptation of the existing adult measure resulted in high internal consistency and construct validity across 9 subscales assessing domains of minority stress and resilience in this sample of TGNC adolescents. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of the factor structure, reliability, and validity of an adolescent extension of the GMSR (i.e., GMSR-A). These findings demonstrate the clinical utility of the GMSR-A, a tool that can help increase understanding of minority stress and resilience phenomena experienced by TGNC adolescents.

Implications for Impact Statement

The findings from this research study show that mental health clinicians can adequately assess gender minority stress and resilience among transgender/gender-nonconforming (TGNC) adolescents by using a slightly modified version of an existing measure originally created for TGNC adults.
Tunable quantum critical point and detached superconductivity in Al-doped CrAs
Authors: Park Sungmin , Shin Soohyeon , Kim Sung-Il , Kim Suyoung , Park Chan-Koo , Thompson Joe D. , Park Tuson
Published: September 2019

The origin of unconventional superconductivity and its relationship to a T = 0 K quantum critical point (QCP), which is hidden inside the dome of a superconducting state, have long been an outstanding puzzle in strongly correlated superconductors. The observation and tuning of the hidden QCP, which is key to resolving the mystery, however, has been rarely reported. Here we report the controlling of a hidden QCP in the helical antiferromagnet CrAs and separation of the tuned QCP from the pressure-induced superconducting phase. The Al doping in CrAs increases the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature TN from 265 to 275 K, while it suppresses the QCP from 8 to 4.5 kbar. Pressure-induced superconductivity in the high-pressure regime is almost independent of Al doping, but superconductivity below 6 kbar is suppressed, revealing the clear separation between the tuned antiferromagnetic QCP and Tc maximum. These discoveries illustrate subtleties in the interplay between superconductivity and quantum criticality and warrant a deeper insight in understanding of unconventional superconductivity.
Flightless I exacerbation of inflammatory responses contributes to increased colonic damage in a mouse model of dextran sulphate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis
Authors: Kopecki Z. , Yang G. , Treloar S. , Mashtoub S. , Howarth G. S. , Cummins A. G. , Cowin A. J.
Published: September 2019

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by cytokine driven inflammation that disrupts the mucosa and impedes intestinal structure and functions. Flightless I (Flii) is an immuno-modulatory protein is a member of the gelsolin family of actin-remodelling proteins that regulates cellular and inflammatory processes critical in tissue repair. Here we investigated its involvement in UC and show that Flii is significantly elevated in colonic tissues of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Using an acute murine model of colitis, we characterised the contribution of Flii to UC using mice with low (Flii+/−), normal (Flii+/+) and high Flii (FliiTg/Tg). High levels of Flii resulted in significantly elevated disease severity index scores, increased rectal bleeding and degree of colon shortening whereas, low Flii expression decreased disease severity, reduced tissue inflammation and improved clinical indicators of UC. Mice with high levels of Flii had significantly increased histological disease severity and elevated mucosal damage with significantly increased inflammatory cell infiltrate and significantly higher levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-5 and IL-13 pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, Flii overexpression resulted in decreased β-catenin levels, inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signalling and impaired regeneration of colonic crypts. These studies suggest that high levels of Flii, as is observed in patients with UC, may adversely affect mucosal healing via mechanisms involving Th1 and Th2 mediated tissue inflammation and Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.
Metagenomic and culturomic analysis of gut microbiota dysbiosis during Clostridium difficile infection
Authors: Amrane Sophie , Hocquart Marie , Afouda Pamela , Kuete Edmond , Pham Thi-Phuong-Thao , Dione Niokhor , Ngom Issa Isaac , Valles Camille , Bachar Dipankar , Raoult Didier , Lagier Jean Christophe
Published: September 2019

Recently, cocktail of bacteria were proposed in order to treat Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), but these bacteriotherapies were selected more by chance than experimentation. We propose to comprehensively explore the gut microbiota of patients with CDI compared to healthy donors in order to propose a consortium of bacteria for treating C. difficile. We compared stool samples composition from 11 CDI patients and 8 healthy donors using two techniques: metagenomics, 16S V3-V4 region amplification and sequencing and culturomics, high throughout culture using six culture conditions and MALDI-TOF identification. By culturomics, we detected 170 different species in the CDI group and 275 in the control group. Bacteroidetes were significantly underrepresented in the CDI group (p = 0.007). By metagenomics, 452 different operational taxonomic units assigned to the species level were detected in the CDI group compared to 522 in the control group. By these two techniques, we selected 37 bacteria only found in control group in more than 75% of the samples and/or with high relative abundance, 10 of which have already been tested in published bacteriotherapies against CDI, and 3 of which (Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium longum and Bacteroides ovatus) have been detected by these two techniques. This controlled number of bacteria could be administrated orally in a non-invasive way in order to treat CDI.
NMR-based metabolite studies with 15N amino acids
Authors: Ramirez Benjamin , Durst Matthew A. , Lavie Arnon , Caffrey Michael
Published: September 2019

15N labeled amino acids are routinely used to label proteins or nucleic acids for study by NMR. However, NMR studies of 15N labeled amino acids in metabolite studies have not been pursued extensively, presumably due to line broadening present under standard experimental conditions. In this work, we show that lowering the temperature to −5 °C allows facile characterization of 15N-labeled amino acids. Further, we show that this technique can be exploited to measure 15NH3 produced in an enzyme catalyzed reaction and the transport and metabolism of individual amino acids in mammalian cell culture. With respect to 13C-labeled amino acids, 15N-labeled amino acids are less costly and enable direct characterization of nitrogen metabolism in complex biological systems by NMR. In summary, the present work significantly expands the metabolite pools and their reactions for study by NMR.
Composition and physico-chemical properties of bottom sediments in the southern part of the Bratsk Reservoir (Russia)
Authors: Rzetala Mariusz , Babicheva Victoria A. , Rzetala Martyna A.
Published: September 2019

The paper presents the results of studies of bottom sediments taken from the southern part of the Bratsk Reservoir. The following analyses have been conducted: trace element analysis, particle-size analysis as well as chemical analysis of water, hydrochloric acid and alkaline extracts for 18 samples of the bottom sediments. The granulometric analysis has identified the predominance of fine silt and silty-clayed sediments. The data on the content of trace elements in the bottom sediments of the Bratsk Reservoir is presented in comparison with their content in the natural environment of the Baikal region; the anomaly ratio was used to characterize the excess for trace elements. The chemical analysis of extracts has showed “saline contamination” of mud (silt), high concentration of carbonates in it, as well as the presence of mobile (free) forms of aluminum oxide. In this research, an attempt was made by using a correlation analysis to evaluate the impact of various physical and chemical characteristics of the bottom sediments, such as the content of clay fraction, organic carbon, carbonates, and water-soluble salts on the accumulation of trace elements.
Actin Cytoskeletal Reorganization Function of JRAB/MICAL-L2 Is Fine-tuned by Intramolecular Interaction between First LIM Zinc Finger and C-terminal Coiled-coil Domains
Authors: Miyake Kazuhisa , Sakane Ayuko , Tsuchiya Yuko , Sagawa Ikuko , Tomida Yoko , Kasahara Jiro , Imoto Issei , Watanabe Shio , Higo Daisuke , Mizuguchi Kenji , Sasaki Takuya
Published: September 2019

JRAB/MICAL-L2 is an effector protein of Rab13, a member of the Rab family of small GTPase. JRAB/MICAL-L2 consists of a calponin homology domain, a LIM domain, and a coiled-coil domain. JRAB/MICAL-L2 engages in intramolecular interaction between the N-terminal LIM domain and the C-terminal coiled-coil domain, and changes its conformation from closed to open under the effect of Rab13. Open-form JRAB/MICAL-L2 induces the formation of peripheral ruffles via an interaction between its calponin homology domain and filamin. Here, we report that the LIM domain, independent of the C-terminus, is also necessary for the function of open-form JRAB/MICAL-L2. In mechanistic terms, two zinc finger domains within the LIM domain bind the first and second molecules of actin at the minus end, potentially inhibiting the depolymerization of actin filaments (F-actin). The first zinc finger domain also contributes to the intramolecular interaction of JRAB/MICAL-L2. Moreover, the residues of the first zinc finger domain that are responsible for the intramolecular interaction are also involved in the association with F-actin. Together, our findings show that the function of open-form JRAB/MICAL-L2 mediated by the LIM domain is fine-tuned by the intramolecular interaction between the first zinc finger domain and the C-terminal domain.
Reduction of false alarms in the intensive care unit using an optimized machine learning based approach
Authors: Au-Yeung Wan-Tai M. , Sahani Ashish K. , Isselbacher Eric M. , Armoundas Antonis A.
Published: September 2019

This work attempts to reduce the number of false alarms generated by bedside monitors in the intensive care unit (ICU), as a majority of current alarms are false. In this study, we applied methods that can be categorized into three stages: signal processing, feature extraction, and optimized machine learning. At the stage of signal processing, we ensured that the heartbeats were properly annotated. During feature extraction, besides extracting features that are relevant to the arrhythmic alarms, we also extracted a set of signal quality indices (SQIs), which we used to distinguish noise/artifact from normal physiological signals. When applying a machine learning algorithm (Random Forest), we performed feature selection in order to reduce the complexity of the models and improve the efficiency of the algorithm. The dataset used is from Reducing False Arrhythmia Alarms in the ICU: the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2015. Using the performance metric “score” from the Challenge, we achieved a score of 83.08 in the real-time category on the hidden test set, which is the highest in all published work.
Sex-specific Mendelian randomization study of genetically predicted insulin and cardiovascular events in the UK Biobank
Authors: Zhao Jie V. , Luo Shan , Schooling C. Mary
Published: September 2019

Insulin drives growth and reproduction which trade-off against longevity. Genetically predicted insulin, i.e., insulin proxied by genetic variants, is positively associated with ischemic heart disease, but sex differences are unclear, despite different disease rates and reproductive strategies by sex. We used Mendelian randomization in 392,010 white British from the UK Biobank to assess the sex-specific role of genetically predicted insulin in myocardial infarction (MI) (14,442 cases, 77% men), angina (21,939 cases, 65% men) and heart failure (5537 cases, 71% men). Genetically predicted insulin was associated with MI (odds ratio (OR) 4.27 per pmol/L higher insulin, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.60 to 11.3) and angina (OR 2.93, 1.27 to 6.73) in men, but not women (MI OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.23 to 2.84, angina OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.38 to 3.18). Patterns were similar for insulin resistance and heart failure. Mitigating the effects of insulin might address sexual disparities in health.
Molybdenum-catalyzed asymmetric anti-dihydroxylation of allylic alcohols
Authors: Fan Pei , Wang Chuan
Published: September 2019

Asymmetric dihydroxylation of alkenes is one of the fundamental reactions in organic synthesis, but the anti-dihydroxylation is much less developed than its syn-variant. Here we report a highly enantio- and diastereoselective anti-dihydroxylation of allylic alcohols by using a chiral molybdenum-bishydroxamic acid complex as catalyst and environmentally benign hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. This reaction enables the construction of the 1,2,3-triol structural unit in high enantio- and diastereocontrol starting from simple allylic alcohol precursors. Our reaction complements the Sharpless dihydroxylation not only in its diastereoselectivity, but also in regiocontrol. The mechanistic studies indicate that this dihydroxylation reaction consists of an initial enantioselective epoxidation and the following in situ regioselective ring opening, both of which are promoted by the molybdenum-catalyst.
F or V-induced activation of (Co, Ni)2P during electrocatalysis for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Liu Li , Tao Keyu , Dan Huamei , Hai Yang , Gong Yun
Published: September 2019

A series of (Co, Ni)2P–xF and post-(Co, Ni)2P–xF electrocatalysts with different compositions, morphologies and HER performances were synthesized. Among them, post-(Co, Ni)2P–10F exhibits the best HER activity.
Effect of perimeter interface length between 2D WO3 monolayer domain and γ-Al2O3 on selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol
Authors: Aihara Takeshi , Miura Hiroki , Shishido Tetsuya
Published: September 2019

The perimeter interface between WO3 and γ-Al2O3 was found to play an important role in selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol.
Coordination chemistry and catalysis with secondary phosphine oxides
Authors: Gallen Albert , Riera Antoni , Verdaguer Xavier , Grabulosa Arnald
Published: September 2019

Review on synthesis, coordination chemistry and catalysis with secondary phosphine oxides.
Fabrication of surface-active antioxidant biopolymers by using a grafted scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) gonad protein isolate–epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) conjugate: improving the stability of tuna oil-loaded emulsions
Authors: Han Jiarun , Du Yinan , Shang Wenhui , Yan Jianan , Wu Haitao , Zhu Beiwei , Xiao Hang
Published: September 2019

A novel antioxidant system was developed to improve stability of tuna oil-loaded emulsions.
A reversible underwater glue based on photo- and thermo-responsive dynamic covalent bonds
Authors: Wang Zhao , Guo Lifeng , Xiao Hongyan , Cong Huan , Wang Shutao
Published: September 2019

A reversible underwater glue exhibits strong and widely tunable adhesion in response to orthogonal photo- and thermal stimuli.
Synthesis of zeolite SSZ-24 using a catalytic amount of SSZ-13 seeds
Authors: Tang Lingxue , Haw Kok-Giap , He Ping , Fang Qianrong , Qiu Shilun , Valtchev Valentin
Published: September 2019

The crystallisation of SSZ-24 is accelerated by using a catalytic amount of SSZ-13 (CHA) seeds.
A highly stretchable and transparent silver nanowire/thermoplastic polyurethane film strain sensor for human motion monitoring
Authors: Wang Runfei , Xu Wei , Shen Wenfeng , Shi Xiaoqing , Huang Jian , Song Weijie
Published: September 2019

Transparent film strain sensors based on silver nanowires and thermoplastic polyurethane are promising candidates for detecting various human motions and monitoring the mass of some kinetic objects.
Visible-light-induced radical hydrodifluoromethylation of alkenes
Authors: Yu Jiao , Lin Jin-Hong , Cao Yu-Cai , Xiao Ji-Chang
Published: September 2019

Visible-light-induced radical hydrodifluoromethylation of alkenes with the phosphonium salt [Ph3P+CF2H Br−] under transition-metal-free conditions is described.
Synthesis and hydrogen evolving catalysis of a panchromatic photochemical molecular device
Authors: Habermehl Johannes , Nauroozi Djawed , Martynow Miłosz , Vilk Yury E. , Beranek Radim , Guthmuller Julien , Rau Sven
Published: September 2019

The photocatalytic activity of a new broad absorbing osmium–platinum photocatalyst is determined by the choice of excitation wavelength.
Phosphines in artificial photosynthesis: considering different aspects such as chromophores, water reduction catalysts (WRCs), water oxidation catalysts (WOCs), and dyads
Authors: Pann J. , Roithmeyer H. , Viertl W. , Pehn R. , Bendig M. , Dutzler J. , Kriesche B. , Brüggeller P.
Published: September 2019

Coordination complex systems containing phosphine ligands are used in artificial photosynthesis utilizing their unique stereoelectronic properties. Mono-, di- and tetraphosphines act as optimized ligand systems for complexation.
High-efficiency photo-oxidation of thioethers over C60@PCN-222 under air
Authors: Zheng Deng-Yue , Chen En-Xuan , Ye Chun-Rong , Huang Xiao-Chun
Published: September 2019

For the first time, fullerene (C60) was used to enhance the photogenerated electron–hole separation of MOFs as a catalyst and showed high catalytic activity in the photocatalytic oxidation of thioether in air.
Organic small molecule for detection and photodegradation of mitochondrial DNA mutations
Authors: Su Chien-Hui , Chen Jyun-Wei , Chen Li-Da , Chang Jui-Chih , Liu Chin-San , Chang Cheng-Chung , Wang Gou-Jen
Published: September 2019

Mitochondrial localization photosensitizer NV-12P may recognize 8-oxo-dG with PET and FRET mechanism. Furthermore, NV-12P can generate a reactive oxygen species to degrade 8-oxo-dG using a similar mechanism of methyl blue.
Cucurbit[7]uril-anchored polymer vesicles enhance photosensitization in the nucleus
Authors: Xiao Bo , Wang Qi , Zhang Sheng , Li Xiao-Yu , Long Shi-Qi , Xiao Yan , Xiao Song , Ni Xin-Long
Published: September 2019

Q[7] polymer based vesicles, as a PS loading vehicle, demonstrated highly enhanced photosensitization and efficient anticancer effects via entering the nuclei of the cancer cells.
One-pot preparation of double network hydrogels via enzyme-mediated polymerization and post-self-assembly for wound healing
Authors: Wei Qingcong , Chang Yuqing , Ma Guanglei , Zhang Weiwei , Wang Qigang , Hu Zhiguo
Published: September 2019

An enzymatic one-pot preparation method is used to prepare double network hydrogels for wound healing.
NIR persistent luminescence phosphor Zn1.3Ga1.4Sn0.3O4:Yb3+,Er3+,Cr3+ with 980 nm laser excitation
Authors: Qin Jin , Xiang Jinmeng , Suo Hao , Chen Yuhua , Zhang Zhiyu , Zhao Xiaoqi , Wu Yanfang , Guo Chongfeng
Published: September 2019

Mechanism of NIR PersL phosphor ZGSO:Yb3+,Er3+,Cr3+ under the excitation of 980 nm laser.
Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-doped SnO2as an electron transport layer for perovskite solar cells with improved performance
Authors: Wang Di , Chen Shan-Ci , Zheng Qingdong
Published: September 2019

Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)-doped SnO2was first used as an efficient electron transport layer for perovskite solar cells with increased efficiency and improved stability.
Structural insights into Escherichia coli phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase by native ion mobility–mass spectrometry
Authors: Chan Daniel Shiu-Hin , Hess Jeannine , Shaw Elen , Spry Christina , Starley Robert , Dagostin Claudio , Dias Marcio V. B. , Kale Ramesh , Mendes Vitor , Blundell Tom L. , Coyne Anthony G. , Abell Chris
Published: September 2019

CoaBC, part of the vital coenzyme A biosynthetic pathway in bacteria, has recently been validated as a promising antimicrobial target. In this work, we employed native ion mobility–mass spectrometry to gain structural insights into the phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase domain of E. coli CoaBC. Moreover, native mass spectrometry was validated as a screening tool to identify novel inhibitors of this enzyme, highlighting the utility and versatility of this technique both for structural biology and for drug discovery.
Fork‐shaped wideband circularly polarised antenna
Authors: Yu Hai‐yang , Yu Junsheng , Yao Yuan , Liu Xiaoming , Chen Xiaodong
Published: September 2019

In this Letter, a fork‐shaped wideband circularly polarised antenna is proposed. Using the fork‐shaped metal wall structure and 45° deflection, the wideband circular polarisation performance of the proposed antenna is achieved. Besides, an antenna prototype working at W‐band is processed. The right‐hand circularly polarised bandwidth (axial ratio < 3 dB) and impedance bandwidth (S11 < −10 dB) of the antenna are both measured as 38.1% (75–110 GHz). The measured gain is 10.7–14.2 dBic (±0.5 dBic). The proposed antenna exhibits a simple structure, which is easy to process. This proposed wideband circularly polarised horn antenna can have wide applications for millimetre and sub‐millimetre wave bands.
Comparison of different regression models to estimate fault location on hybrid power systems
Authors: Ekici Sami , Unal Fatih , Ozleyen Umit
Published: September 2019

Various pattern recognition methods have been suggested for estimating high‐voltage alternating current transmission line fault location. However, insufficient studies have been conducted on the transmission lines connected to hybrid power generation systems such as wind and solar plants. In this study, the performance of different regression methods was investigated on a hybrid power system. Different faults with random distances on the transmission line were simulated and a fault database created by recording the current and voltage signals of these faults. After normalising this data in the pre‐processing phase, it was passed to the digital signal processing stage. By repeating the experiments, 497 different faults were created. Fault types, fault resistances, and fault inception angles were changed randomly in order to obtain similar fault occurrence conditions as in real life by writing a Matlab code. In order to obtain distinctive features, the discrete wavelet transform was used. For training and validation of the dataset, Matlab Regression Learner App (RLA) was employed and the obtained results compared to select the best model. After significant fault simulation, Matern 5/2, a type of Gaussian progress regression model, showed more promising results compared to other RLA models.
Quelle géographie des transitions agricoles en France ? Une approche exploratoire à partir de l’agriculture biologique et des circuits courts dans le recensement agricole 2010
Authors: Bermond Michaël , Guillemin Pierre , Maréchal Gilles
Published: September 2019

À partir du recensement agricole 2010, l’article explore une méthodologie pour délimiter un champ statistique des exploitations agricoles en transition agro-écologique dans le contexte métropolitain français. Ce travail débouche sur une proposition de typologie d’exploitations combinant le mode de production (biologique ou non), le mode de commercialisation des produits et la part du chiffre d’affaire réalisée en circuit court. Après une caractérisation socio-économique des différents types d’exploitation, l’analyse propose une cartographie à échelle fine des combinaisons géographiques d’agriculture en transition pour le territoire métropolitain français, ouvrant une discussion sur les facteurs socio-territoriaux favorables à l’émergence de tel type de transition plutôt que tel autre. Au final, la géographie que dessine cette typologie d’ensemble des agricultures en transition emprunte certes des éléments explicatifs au contexte géo-agronomique des exploitations. Mais elle semble également indiquer que la nature du contexte socio-territorial dans lequel s’insèrent les exploitations infléchit les formes de transition agricole. Les espaces ruraux les moins dynamiques et les plus marqués par l’héritage du modèle productiviste restent dans leur grande majorité les plus résistants à l’émergence des formes de transition considérées dans cet article. La proximité géographique avec des espaces sociaux plus aisés constituerait un facteur favorable au développement des exploitations en transition agro-écologique.
The essential role of farm capital in the sustainability of smallholder farms in West Java (Indonesia)
Authors: Sembada Pria , Duteurtre Guillaume , Moulin Charles-Henri
Published: September 2019

Smallholder farms represent the largest population of dairy cattle farms in Indonesia. Dairy activities can play an important role to secure the livelihood of smallholder farms. However, small farms face several constraints and challenges to be sustainable in the future. To assess the sustainability of smallholder dairy farms and to understand in what conditions farms are more sustainable, we conducted a study in two districts of the West Java Province. Our method was based on participatory meetings that allowed us to identify “critical features” of the local farming systems, and associated indicators. From discussions with local stakeholders, we proposed 6 “strategic indicators” of sustainability. Five of those indicators were related to the social and economic dimensions of sustainability, which appeared to be crucial in the local context. To assess the sustainability of farms based on those 6 indicators, we collected secondary data from the local cooperative, and carried out a formal field survey to 355 farmers from May to August 2015. Results showed that the most sustainable farms were those who had highest capital and diversified activity. Farms which had low capital but had additional activity were more sustainable than specialized ones. Whereas the level of farm income appears to be linked directly to farm capital, pluriactivity contributes to reduce risks related to dairy business and to gain benefit from synergies between activities. In the future, policies and projects to enhance farm capital and farmers’ pluriactivity will be needed to support the sustainability of smallholder farms.
Nutrigenomik
Authors: Zielinski Johanna
Published: September 2019

Bestimmen unsere Gene, wie unser Körper die ihm zugeführte Nahrung verwertet? Mit
dieser und ähnlichen Fragen beschäftigt sich der noch junge Forschungszweig der
Nutrigenomik. Im Blickpunkt der Wissenschaftler steht die Interaktion zwischen
Erbgut, Ernährung, Essgewohnheiten und dem Risiko für Erkrankungen.
Vitamin D, Koenzym Q und Insulinresistenz
Authors: Schmidt Karlheinz , Bayer Wolfgang , Mahler Annette , Milczynski Christoph
Published: September 2019

Die große chronische Volkskrankheit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 wird oft auch als
Pandemie des 21. Jahrhunderts bezeichnet. Denn die Prävalenz dieser durch einen
Mangel an Insulin im Blut gekennzeichneten Stoffwechselerkrankung wird allein in
Deutschland auf mehr als 10 % der Bevölkerung geschätzt mit einer weiter
steigenden Tendenz und einer hohen Dunkelziffer.
Die herausfordernde Versorgung von schwerverletzten und
polytraumatisierten Patienten
Authors: Bittner Sebastian
Published: September 2019

Die Versorgung von polytraumatisierten und schwer verletzten Menschen stellt hohe
Ansprüche an das gesamte Team. Dieses gilt nicht nur präklinisch am
Notfall-/Unfallort für die Mitarbeitenden des Rettungsdienstes, sondern auch an
der Nahtstelle von der der präklinischen zur klinischen Versorgung, dem
Schockraum. Dieser CNE Schwerpunkt widmet sich diesem fordernden
Handlungsfeld.
EBN – ein bedeutender Faktor zur Weiterentwicklung der
(Intensiv-)Pflege
Authors: Lichtenberger-Obermair Doris
Published: September 2019

Der positive Nutzen von Evidence-based Nursing für eine qualitativ hochwertige
Pflege ist auch aus der aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Literatur hinlänglich
bekannt. Trotzdem findet die evidenzbasierte Pflege noch keinen breiten Anklang
unter den (Intensiv-)Pflegenden. Doris Lichtenberger-Obermair hat sich in ihrer
Diplom-Abschlussarbeit mit dem Thema beschäftigt. Wir veröffentlichen ihre
Facharbeit, die beim Thieme Intensiv-Pflegepreis 2017 den 2. Platz belegte, in
gekürzter Fassung.
Strukturelle, funktionelle und neurochemische Bildgebung bei der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung
Authors: Maier Simon , Nickel Kathrin , Endres Dominique , van Elst Ludger Tebartz
Published: September 2019

Nachdem über 2 Dekaden die Anzahl der Bildgebungsstudien zur Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) rasant angestiegen ist, zeichnet sich in den letzten Jahren eine Plateaubildung auf hohem Niveau ab. Das Ziel der meisten dieser Studien war es, die zugrunde liegenden strukturellen und funktionellen Hirnkorrelate bei Patienten mit ADHS zu charakterisieren oder den diagnostischen Nutzen von bildgebungsbasierten Markern zu untersuchen. Während neue Analysemethoden immer tiefere Einsichten in die neuroanatomischen Grundlagen der ADHS erlauben, liegen nach wie vor große Herausforderungen bei der Erforschung der ADHS Hirnanatomie und -funktion in der Heterogenität des Krankheitsbildes sowie unterschiedlich ausgeprägten neuroanatomischen Merkmalen bei Kindern und Erwachsenen mit ADHS. Auch gibt es bezüglich des Zusammenhanges zwischen beobachteten neuroanatomischen Veränderungen und klinischen Symptomen bzw. neuropsychologischen Defiziten bislang wenige gesicherte Erkenntnisse. In diesem Artikel möchten wir die wichtigsten Ergebnisse hirnstruktureller, funktioneller und neurochemischer Bildgebungsstudien bei Kindern und Erwachsenen mit ADHS zusammenfassen und deren Potenzial für die Entwicklung neurobiologischer Marker diskutieren.
Sekundäre Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung
Authors: Hermann Ismene , Matthies Swantje , van Elst Ludger Tebartz
Published: September 2019

Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) ist eine der häufigsten neuropsychiatrischen Störungen im Kindes-, Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter. Die Ätiologie ist Gegenstand der Forschung. In den meisten Fällen wird eine polygenetische Verursachung angenommen, die dann zu der bekannten ADHS-Symptomatik mit Unaufmerksamkeit, Hyperaktivität und Impulsivität führt. Diese Fälle können nach der hier vorgeschlagenen Kategorisierung als „primäre“ ADHS bezeichnet werden. Zusätzlich können verschiedene vererbliche oder erworbene organische Ursachen zu einem ADHS-Syndrom, einer hier sogenannten „sekundären“ ADHS führen. Wir geben einen Überblick über aktuell anerkannte und diskutierte Ursachen der sekundären ADHS und diskutieren die Relevanz von ätiopathogenetischen neuropsychiatrischen Subklassifikationen der ADHS.
Sexuelle Zufriedenheit und sexuelle Funktionen bei Personen
mit Neurofibromatose Typ 1
Authors: Leidger Anna , Granström Sofia , Nieder Timo O. , Mautner Victor-Felix
Published: September 2019

Neurofibromatose Typ 1 (NF1) ist eine chronische Erkrankung, die oftmals mit
sichtbaren Merkmalen auf der Haut einhergeht. Bei Erkrankungen mit sichtbaren
(und damit potenziell stigmatisierenden) Merkmalen sind Einschränkungen der
Lebensqualität und auch der Sexualität zu erwarten. Im Rahmen einer Pilotstudie
sollten erstmals sexuelle Funktionen und sexuelle Zufriedenheit bei
NF1-PatientInnen in Deutschland im Zusammenhang mit der Krankheit untersucht
werden. Im klinischen Umfeld der Neurofibromatose-Ambulanz am
Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf nahmen N = 45 NF1-PatientInnen (56
% weiblich; Altersdurchschnitt: 39 Jahre; 73 % in einer Partnerschaft) an einer
entsprechenden Fragebogenerhebung teil. Die sexuellen Funktionen zeigten sich
insgesamt unauffällig. Die Befragten waren mehrheitlich sexuell zufrieden (69
%). Statistisch bedeutsame Zusammenhänge zwischen sexueller Zufriedenheit und
dem Schweregrad der NF1 zeigten sich nicht. Erwartungskonträr zeigte sich im
untersuchten Sample kein Zusammenhang zwischen der Schwere der NF1-Erkrankung
und der sexuellen Zufriedenheit.
Reduction of Severe Hypoglycaemia in People with Type 2 Diabetes after a Structured Inpatient Intervention
Authors: Kloos Christof , Burghardt Katharina , Müller Ulrich Alfons , Kramer Guido , Müller Nicolle , Wolf Gunter , Kuniss Nadine
Published: September 2019

Objective The aim of this longitudinal study was to assess outcomes before and one year after participation in a structured inpatient intervention including participation in an education programme for people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods In 2014, 81 individuals, who were admitted to optimise insulin therapy, participated in a structured inpatient intervention and were invited to participate in a follow-up visit after one year.

Results Seventy participants (46.9% female, age 68.3 y, diabetes duration 17.9 y, HbA1c 9.7%/82.5 mmol/mol) were followed-up after 1.2 y (3 died by non-diabetic causes, 8 declined/were not available). HbA1c decreased by 1.1% (p<0.001) without change of insulin dose (79.7 vs. 79.3 IU, n.s.) or BMI (33.6 vs. 33.8 kg/m2, n.s.). 5 people admitted because of severe hypoglycaemia (one person with 5 episodes and 4 with one episode in the year prior to participation) did not experience another event in the evaluation period, nor did anyone in the rest of the cohort (frequency of severe hypoglycaemia 0.12 events/year before and 0.0 after intervention).

Conclusions In people admitted for optimising insulin therapy or severe hypoglycaemia, metabolic control improved substantially and frequency of severe hypoglycaemia was significantly reduced after participation in a structured inpatient intervention. Reasons could be motivational and better adapted eating habits, tailoring individual therapy solutions and deescalating diabetes therapy in people after severe hypoglycaemia.
Visfatin Levels May be an Early Marker of Atherosclerosis in Patients with Acromegaly
Authors: Piskinpasa Hamide , Okuturlar Yildiz , Dogansen Sema Ciftci , Akdeniz Yasemin Sefika , Esen Ayse , Sadri Sogol , Pirhan Osman , Gemici Aysegul Akdogan , Serin Sibel Ocak , Gedikbası Asuman , Adas Mine , Mert Meral
Published: September 2019

The purpose of the study was to compare serum visfatin levels between patients with acromegaly and healthy controls and to evaluate the relationships between visfatin levels and epicardial fat thickness (EFT), carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), and ankle brachial index (ABI). We conducted a cross-sectional case-control study of 54 patients with acromegaly (37 females and 17 males) and 34 healthy controls (22 females and 12 males). Serum visfatin was measured by ELISA. Acromegalic and control participants and those with active or controlled acromegaly were compared with respect to their serum visfatin, clinical and metabolic parameters, EFT, cIMT, and ABI. Linear correlation was used to identify associations between these parameters and visfatin in all participants. Serum visfatin and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were higher in the acromegaly group than in the control group (p<0.001 and p=0.007, respectively). There was no difference in visfatin between the active and controlled acromegaly groups, but HbA1c was higher in the active than the controlled acromegaly group (p<0.04). EFT, cIMT, and ABI were similar between the acromegaly and control groups and between the active and controlled acromegaly groups. Serum visfatin positively correlated with HbA1c, growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)/upper limit of normal ratio (r=0.245, p=0.024; r=0.259, p=0.017; and r=0.282, p=0.009, respectively). This study has revealed that a high visfatin level is associated with glycemic dysregulation and higher levels of GH and IGF-1 in acromegalic patients.
Web-Based GPU-Accelerated Application for Multiplanar Reconstructions from Conventional 2D Ultrasound
Authors: Borgbjerg Jens , Hørlyck Arne
Published: September 2019

Purpose In ultrasound education there is a need for interactive web-based learning resources. The purpose of this project was to develop a web-based application that enables the generation and exploration of volumetric datasets from cine loops obtained with conventional 2D ultrasound.

Materials and Methods JavaScript code for ultrasound video loading and the generation of volumetric datasets was created and merged with an existing web-based imaging viewer based on JavaScript and HTML5. The Web Graphics Library was utilized to enable hardware-accelerated image rendering.

Results The result is a web application that works in most major browsers without any plug-ins. It allows users to load a conventional 2D ultrasound cine loop which can subsequently be manipulated with on-the-fly multiplanar reconstructions as in a Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) viewer. The application is freely accessible at (http://www.castlemountain.dk/atlas/index.php?page=mulrecon&mulreconPage=sonoviewer) where a demonstration of web-based sharing of generated cases can also be found.

Conclusion The developed web-based application is unique in its ability to easily perform loading of one’s own ultrasound clips and conduct multiplanar reconstructions where interactive cases can be shared on the Internet.