bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wear-Resistant Nanostructured Sol-Gel Coatings for Functional Applications
Authors: Felde Nadja , Coriand Luisa , Duparré Angela , Tünnermann Andreas
Published: December 2016

Improvement of the wear resistance of functional surfaces is crucial in order to facilitate a variety of practical applications, such as self-cleaning or anti-fogging. This especially holds for functional surface nanostructures, whose tops can easily get worn off when exposed to even low abrasion forces. Thus, our work addresses the enhancement of the wear resistance of such fine-scale structures. We present an efficient manufacturing procedure for generating long-term durable surfaces with simultaneously tailored wetting behavior and high optical quality. Our approach is based on a sol-gel coating that consists of an alumina layer with specific nanoroughness yielding the function-relevant surface structure, and a protective thin smooth silica film providing the mechanical robustness without influencing that functional structure. The roughness of the alumina layer can be systematically adjusted, thus enabling us to achieve desired wetting effects all the way up to superhydrophilicity and, after application of an additional thin hydrophobic top coat, to superhydrophobicity. To demonstrate the enhanced robustness of these coatings we perform abrasive wear tests and investigate the impact of abrasion cycles on the wetting effects and optical properties of the coatings. Furthermore, the durability of the structures is directly revealed by advanced roughness characterization procedures based on Atomic Force Microscopy followed by power spectral density function (PSD) analysis.
[Clinical and economic evaluation of the introduction of the combinazion trametinib + dabrafenib in the management of advanced melanoma in the Italian market]
Authors: Pradelli Lorenzo , Ascierto Paolo
Published: December 2016

Melanoma is the most aggressive type of all skin cancers. In Italy the incidence is increasing both in men and in women with 13,800 new cases expected in 2016. The advanced melanoma therapy has changed in recent years with the use of immunotherapy and targeted therapies. In particular, treatment with BRAF inhibitors in patients with advanced BRAF V600 mutated melanoma has shown high rates of rapid response and survival. Due to development of acquired resistance with disease progression the rapid response observed with BRAF inhibitor therapy is not long lasting. Combining a BRAF inhibitor with a MEK inhibitor may help to delay the development of resistance and to enhance the antitumor activities with a further increase in the response and survival rate. Trametinib, an inhibitor of MEK kinases, and dabrafenib, an inhibitor of BRAF kinase, have authorizations as monotherapies and in combination with each other for treating adults with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600 mutation. Purpose of this report is to describe the combination in terms of clinical efficacy, safety, and economic impact. In particular, a cost-effectiveness analysis and a budget impact analysis were performed in order to evaluate the combination versus monotherapy and the financial sustainability of trametinib + dabrafenib on the Italian market.[In Italian]
КОРИШЋЕЊЕ АРХИВСКЕ ГРАЂЕ У АРХИВУ РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСКЕ У БАЊАЛУЦИ
Authors: НОВАКОВИЋ ДАЛИБОР
Published: December 2016

Рад даје најосновније информације које би сваки грађанин требао да зна о раду архива прије коришћења јавне архивске грађе, као и анали-зу коришћења архивске грађе Архива Републике Српске у његовом сједишту у Бањалуци током протекле 23 године. Настао је на основу пријава истраживача и пописа аката из архиве Архива Републике Српске. Обрадом података о кори-шћењу грађе рад даје информације о броју захтјева за издавање увјерења на основу архивске грађе, броју истраживача јавне архивске грађе, њиховом звању и занимању, сврси истраживања и грађи која се користила у истраживању.
INDUSTRIJSKA BAŠTINA WANNEKOV PAROMLIN U BIJELJINI
Authors: BOŽIĆ JELENA
Published: December 2016

U radu se razmatra istorijski, društveni i arhitektonski značaj Wannekovog paromlina u Bijeljini, izgrađenog 1888. godine. Ovaj prvi parni mlin u Semberiji je na Privremenoj listi nacionalnih spomenika Bosne i Hercegovine.Wannekov paromlin je važan dio industrijske baštine. On je materijalna i ne-materijalna veza s prošlošću i toponim u mentalnoj mapi grada. Kako su vlasnici paromlina uvijek željeli ne samo da im mlin bude što efikasniji, već i da izražava njihov vlastiti uspjeh i društveni status, arhitektonske karakteristike paromlinova bile su uobičajene.Mlin je zatvoren 1998. godine i ostao je prazan sve do danas. Autentične di-jelove ovog spomenika kulture treba sačuvati zbog njegovih istorijskih, društvenih, izvornih i urbanističkih vrijednosti. Jedini način smanjenja njegovog progresivnog nestajanja je intervenisati konzervacijom, restauracijom i prilagodljivim ponovnim korišćenjem. Industrijske objekte je gotovo nemoguće ponovo koristiti u njihovom postojećem obliku. Izazov je da se interveniše na takav način da značajne karakteris-tike mjesta ostanu nepromijenjene u mjeri u kojoj je to praktično moguće. U raz-matranju promjene namjene mora se postaviti pitanje da li se zgrade mogu prilagoditi novoj upotrebi bez značajnog gubitka karaktera. Zasigurno se obnova i prenamjena Wannekovog paromlina može postići s najvećom osjetljivošću, kao izvrsna prilika da se oživi osjećaj identiteta i ponosa zajednice.
ХАРИТАТИВНИ РАД МИТРОПОЛИТА ПЕТРА ЗИМОЊИЋА (Милосрђе и човјекољубље)
Authors: БИЛИНАЦ РАНКО
Published: December 2016

Изузетним прегалаштвом Свети Петар Зимоњић, митропо-лит захумско-херцеговачки (1903–1920) и дабробосански (1920–1941), у своje вријеме је спроводио у дјело идеал милосрђа и човјекољубивог дјеловања Цркве. Његов примјер није интересантан само са историјског аспекта, већ може представљати одличан примјер и модел дјеловања у будућности. Истовремено, њега можемо навести као примјер онима који приговарају хришћанима недо-вољну активност и неорганизованост на пољу социјалног служења и социјалне помоћи.
ЛЕДОБРАНИ У ФУНКЦИЈИ ЗАШТИТЕ ДРВЕНИХ МОСТОВА Примјер моста преко ријеке Босне код Модриче
Authors: САВАНОВИЋ ЖЕЉКО
Published: December 2016

Рад говори о заштити дрвених мостова од удара санти леда, клада, балвана и других крупних предмета које је носила вода. Главна заштита извођена је постављањем ледобрана испред јармова моста. Јаки удари пловећих предмета оштећивали су и одваљивали и саме ледобране које је често вода односила. На мјесту однесених прављени су нови, а оштећени су поправљани. У Врбаској бановини бригу о мостовима водило је Техничко одјељење у Бањој Луци са својим одјељцима, а за примјер у овом раду узет је Технички одјељак у Дервенти и мост преко ријеке Босне код Модриче о којем се он старао.
ПРВА ИЗЛОЖБА КАРИКАТУРЕ У БАЊАЛУЦИ
Authors: ДАМЈАНОВИЋ ДАНКА
Published: December 2016

Карикатура, једна од ликовних дисциплина, стара је колико и сам живот. Она се попут нити црвеног конца провлачи кроз времена и откри-ва нам наличја тадашњих живота и људи.Одавно прихваћена у развијеним умјетничким срединама, код нас стиже са закашњењем, пошто је доживљаванa као нека нарочита вјештина, којој је једини циљ јефтина вашарска шала.Можда се баш из тог разлога хтјело да прва изложба карикатура у Бања-луци буде изложба у свијету већ афирмисаног Ладислава Кондора (1901–1963), сликара, портретисте и карикатуристе. Изложба је одржана у спратним просто-рима ''Емилове пивнице'' од 3. до 13. јуна 1939. године.Како је умјетник међу својих двије стотине већ изложених карикатура овдје придружио још неколико, свакако би било добро да се оне, бар накратко, преселе или врате изложбом у Бањалуку.
ОД ДАСП-а ДО ''АУТОПРЕВОЗА''
Authors: ЈОСИПОВИЋ ВЕРИЦА
Published: December 2016

Писати о оснивању и раду било којег привредног предузећа на подручју Републике Српске је веома тешко због мале сачуваности архивске грађе. Предузеће ''Аутопревоз'' из Бањалуке је једна од ријетких фирми основа-них послије Другог свјетског рата која и данас ради. У раду је приказан развој овог саобраћајног предузећа од оснивања 1945. до увођења самоуправљања 1950, са акцентом на допринос обичног радника: шофера, аутомеханичара, токара и електричара за успјех овог предузећа.
ШКОЛЕ У ОПШТИНИ ИВАЊСКА 1952–1962
Authors: ЕЋИМОВИЋ ЉУБИЦА
Published: December 2016

Оснивање сеоских општина, постојање школа одраније и отварање у неким њеним селима школа у ово вријемe, биле су историјске и цивилизацијске тековине новонастале социјалистичке државе, као што су некада, под страном турском и аустроугарском влашћу, школе отварале цркве-но-школске општине, за које је Стојан Новаковић говорио да су биле ''своје државе у туђој држави''.Ове општинске школе нису само описмењавале ђаке, већ су биле анал-фабетске школе које су описмењавале одрасле, а темељиле су културно, при-вредно, социјално и цивилизацијско подизање народа патријархалног друштва. Оне су училе дјецу и одрасле, а у селима, преко школских задруга, развијале материјални начин рада у подизању привреде, првенствено пољопривреде и сточарства.
''ПРОПАСТ ПРАВОСЛАВЉА У ХЕРЦЕГ-БОСНИ'' СВЈЕДОЧАНСТВО ИЗ ВРЕМЕНА БОРБЕ СРБА ЗА ЦРКВЕНО-ШКОЛСКУ АУТОНОМИЈУ
Authors: МИЛОШЕВИЋ БОРИВОЈЕ
Published: December 2016

У Збирци варија Архива Србије у Београду, под сигнатуром V-476, чува се документ под називом ''Пропаст православља у Херцег-Босни'', на укупно 20 листова. Аутор и датум настанка текста нису наведени. С обзиром на догађаје о којима аутор пише, може да се наслути вријеме настанка документа. На једном мјесту аутор наводи како се глад у Босни и Херцеговини нарочито проширила ''ове 1898. године'', што нас, на концу, упућује на тачну годину настанка текста. Документ је писан ћириличним писмом, уз мијешање екавице и ијекавице. Овај историјски извор настао је на почетку борбе Срба за црквено-школску аутоно-мију у Босни и Херцеговини (1896–1905) и у суштини представља опширан списак примједби на рачун аустроугарских власти и њиховог односа према српским школама, православној цркви и другим српским националним инсти-туцијама у земљи.
OPTUŽNICA DRŽAVNOG ODVJETNIŠTVA U SARAJEVU PROTIV LAZARA ĐUKIĆA I DRUGIH IZ 1915. GODINE
Authors: STOŠIĆ VERICA , ĐURAN GORAN
Published: December 2016

Optužnica sa veleizdajničkog procesa u Travniku1 i prepis Prve redakcije opšteg programa za omladinski klub "Narodno ujedinjenje" su dokumenti iz kojih se može vidjeti kako su hapšeni i zatvarani, zašto i kako su optuženi i osuđe-ni đaci u svim veleizdajničkim procesima.
ОБЛАСНА ИНСПЕКЦИЈА РАДА БАЊАЛУКА (1920–1929); 1920/1929 (АНАЛИТИЧКИ ИНВЕНТАР)
Authors: ВУКЛИШ ВЛАДАН
Published: December 2016

Обласна инспекција рада у Бањалуци основана је de facto 1920. године постављањем инг. Ивана Виличића за обласног инспектора рада. Први инспекторат рада на подручју Босне и Херцеговине основан је 1907. годи-не, да би се, стварањем нове државе, Краљевине Срба, Хрвата и Словенаца, приступило даљој регулацији и ширењу службе обртног надзора. Функције инспекција рада биле су, између осталог, надзор над условима рада, испитива-ње положаја радништва и његовог односа са послодавцима, евидентирање несрећа на раду и издавање радних дозвола за стране упосленике. Обласне инспекције рада, као самостална правна лица, укинуте су 1929. године њихо-вим укључењем у одјељења за социјалну политику и народно здравље под новооснованим банским управама. Иза Обласне инспекције рада у Бањалуци осталe су свега двије кутије архивског материјала, које се чувају у Архиву Републике Српске у Бањалуци. Овом приликом објављујемо информативно средство са детаљном историјском биљешком и аналитичким пописом за седам (од осам) архивских јединица у фонду.
СРЕСКИ НАРОДНИ ОДБОР БОСАНСКА ГРАДИШКА (1945–1955); 1945/1955 (Историјат и организација ствараоца фонда, подаци о сређивању и садржају архивске грађе)
Authors: ИВАНИЋ МИРЈАНА
Published: December 2016

У раду су дати основни подаци о архивском фонду Срески народни одбор Босанска Градишка, историјату ствараоца фонда, његовој адми-нистративно-територијалној надлежности и унутрашњој организацији, као и подаци о сређивању и садржају архивске грађе. Рад је настао након сређивања и обраде фонда и израде сумарно-аналитичког инвентара, а основу текста чини историјска биљешка.
Džon Rel, Kajzer Vilhelm II, Filip Višnjić, Beograd 2015, str. 327
Authors: СУБИЋ РАДОВАН
Published: December 2016

Сто година од избијања Првог свјетског рата био је повод да се у крат-ком временском периоду објави низ монографија које обрађују широк спектар тема, од одговорности за избијања сукоба и ратних дешавања до улоге поједи-них личности. Поред старих и нових дјела српске историографије, домаћи читаоци добили су прилику да се упознају и с научним достигнућима страних аутора. Један од њих је Џон Рел, британски историчар који је предавао на уни-верзитетима у Хамбургу, Фрајбургу и Сасексу. Истраживачки се бави њемач-ком историјом другe половинe XIX вијека, односно оним периодом који је Ерик Хобсбаум назвао добом империја. Њемачка након пада Бизмарка била је тема његове докторске дисертације, коју је преточио у књигу Њемачка без Бизмарка. Криза власти 1890–1900, објављену 1967. Услиједило је дјело Од Бизмарка до Хитлера. Проблеми континуитета у њемачкој историји 1970. Посебну истраживачку пажњу показао је за личност њемачког владара Вилхел-ма II (1859–1941), коме је посветио неколико радова. Врхунац тог интересова-ња је тротомна биографија (Кајзеров рани живот 1859–1888, Кајзерова лична монархија 1888–1900, Пут у амбис рата и егзила 1900–1941) објављена на њемачком језику између 1993. и 2008. Енглеско издање објављено је између 1998. и 2014. Ово капитално дјело има више од 4000 страница, које су већини читалаца непремостива препрека. Стога се приступило изради једног сажетијег једнотомног издања, у коме није испуштено ништа битно за разумијевање кај-зерове улоге. Дјело Kaiser Wilhelm II: A concise life објављено је 2014, и већ сљедеће године преведено је на српски језик.
ЧАСОПИС ''ТОПОЛА'', ГОДИНА II, СВЕСКА 2, ДОЊА ГРАДИНА 2016.
Authors: РАИЛИЋ ОСТОЈА
Published: December 2016

У издању Јавне установе ''Спомен-подручје'' Доња Градина 2016. године појавио се други број часописа ''Топола''. Настављајући започету мисију из 2015. године, задржавајући зацртану структуру и истрајавајући на квалитету објављених радова, ово издање часописа доноси скоро све рубрике и прибли-жно исти број радова као први број. Аутори радова су стручни радници устано-ве издавача часописа, научни радници са домаћег, регионалног и универзитета у иностранству и стручно особље сродних културних институција. Радови у овом броју ''Тополе'' објављени су на српском (на ћирилици и латиници), енгле-ском и немачком језику. Часопис и у овом броју доноси ''Упутство сарадници-ма'' на српском (263–266) и енглеском језику (267–270).
Analysis of Road Traffic Safety through Direct Relative Indicators for Traffic Accidents Fatality: Case of Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Babanoski Kire , Ilijevski Ice , Dimovski Zlate
Published: December 2016

In the absence of a detailed profile and assessment of the road traffic safety situation in the Republic of Macedonia, the paper will show the analysis by calculating and comparing the direct relative indicators for deaths from traffic accidents in relation to the total population (public risk), the total number of vehicles (traffic risk) and the total number of passenger-kilometres (dynamic traffic risk). Their established trends in the period 2005-2014 will also be shown and then compared with the levels in other European countries. Within the risks, there is additionally the risk of suffering that takes into account the consequences of accidents to people (human losses, heavy and light bodily injuries), which will be calculated and analysed for the area covered by the eight Sectors for Internal Affairs (SIA) in the Republic of Macedonia. For this purpose maps of the public risk of suffering from accidents on the roads will be made, which will closely show the traffic safety situation in the country. The diagnosing of the traffic safety situation will contribute to the creation of new measures and activities or improving the existing ones by the competent authorities in order to promote the road traffic safety.
Burkholderia pseudomalleitype III secreted protein BipC: role in actin modulation and translocation activities required for the bacterial intracellular lifecycle
Authors: Kang Wen Tyng , Vellasamy Kumutha Malar , Rajamani Lakshminarayanan , Beuerman Roger W. , Vadivelu Jamuna
Published: December 2016

Melioidosis, an infection caused by the facultative intracellular pathogenBurkholderia pseudomallei, has been classified as an emerging disease with the number of patients steadily increasing at an alarming rate.B. pseudomalleipossess various virulence determinants that allow them to invade the host and evade the host immune response, such as the type III secretion systems (TTSS). The products of this specialized secretion system are particularly important for theB. pseudomalleiinfection. Lacking in one or more components of the TTSS demonstrated different degrees of defects in the intracellular lifecycle ofB. pseudomallei. Further understanding the functional roles of proteins involved inB. pseudomalleiTTSS will enable us to dissect the enigma ofB. pseudomallei-host cell interaction. In this study, BipC (a translocator), which was previously reported to be involved in the pathogenesis ofB. pseudomallei, was further characterized using the bioinformatics and molecular approaches. ThebipCgene, coding for a putative invasive protein, was first PCR amplified fromB. pseudomalleiK96243genomic DNA and cloned into an expression vector for overexpression inEscherichia coli. The soluble protein was subsequently purified and assayed for actin polymerization and depolymerization. BipC was verified to subvert the host actin dynamics as demonstrated by the capability to polymerize actinin vitro. Homology modeling was also attempted to predict the structure of BipC. Overall, our findings identified that the protein encoded by thebipCgene plays a role as an effector involved in the actin binding activity to facilitate internalization ofB. pseudomalleiinto the host cells.
Whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker discovery and association analysis with the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content inLarimichthys crocea
Authors: Xiao Shijun , Wang Panpan , Dong Linsong , Zhang Yaguang , Han Zhaofang , Wang Qiurong , Wang Zhiyong
Published: December 2016

Whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers are valuable genetic resources for the association and conservation studies. Genome-wide SNP development in many teleost species are still challenging because of the genome complexity and the cost of re-sequencing. Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS) provided an efficient reduced representative method to squeeze cost for SNP detection; however, most of recent GBS applications were reported on plant organisms. In this work, we used anEcoRI-NlaIII based GBS protocol to teleost large yellow croaker, an important commercial fish in China and East-Asia, and reported the first whole-genome SNP development for the species. 69,845 high quality SNP markers that evenly distributed along genome were detected in at least 80% of 500 individuals. Nearly 95% randomly selected genotypes were successfully validated by Sequenom MassARRAY assay. The association studies with the muscle eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content discovered 39 significant SNP markers, contributing as high up to ∼63% genetic variance that explained by all markers. Functional genes that involved in fat digestion and absorption pathway were identified, such asAPOB,CRATandOSBPL10. Notably,PPT2Gene, previously identified in the association study of the plasma n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid level in human, was re-discovered in large yellow croaker. Our study verified thatEcoRI-NlaIII based GBS could produce quality SNP markers in a cost-efficient manner in teleost genome. The developed SNP markers and the EPA and DHA associated SNP loci provided invaluable resources for the population structure, conservation genetics and genomic selection of large yellow croaker and other fish organisms.
The effect of cognitive training on the subjective perception of well-being in older adults
Authors: Bureš Vladimír , Čech Pavel , Mikulecká Jaroslava , Ponce Daniela , Kuca Kamil
Published: December 2016

Background

There is a growing number of studies indicating the major consequences of the subjective perception of well-being on mental health and healthcare use. However, most of the cognitive training research focuses more on the preservation of cognitive function than on the implications of the state of well-being. This secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial investigated the effects of individualised television-based cognitive training on self-rated well-being using the WHO-5 index while considering gender and education as influencing factors. The effects of cognitive training were compared with leisure activities that the elderly could be engaged in to pass time.

Methods

Cognitively healthy participants aged 60 years or above screened using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Major Depression Inventory (MDI) were randomly allocated to a cognitive training group or to an active control group in a single-blind controlled two-group design and underwent 24 training sessions. Data acquired from the WHO-5 questionnaire administered before and after intervention were statistically analysed using a mixed design model for repeated measures. The effect of individualised cognitive training was compared with leisure activities while the impact of gender and education was explored using estimated marginal means.

Results

A total of 81 participants aged 67.9 ± 5.59 [60–84] without cognitive impairments and absent of depression symptoms underwent the study. Participants with leisure time activities declared significantly higher scores compared to participants with cognitive trainingM = 73.48 ± 2.88, 95% CI [67.74–79.22] vsM = 64.13 ± 3.034, 95% CI [58.09–70.17] WHO-5 score. Gender and education were found to moderate the effect of cognitive training on well-being when compared to leisure activities. Females engaged in leisure activities in the control group reported higher byM = 9.77 ± 5.4, 95% CI [−0.99–20.54] WHO-5 scores than females with the cognitive training regimen. Participants with high school education declared leisure activities to increase WHO-5 scores byM = 14.59 ± 5.39, 95% CI [3.85–25.34] compared to individualised cognitive training.

Discussion

The findings revealed that individualised cognitive training was not directly associated with improvements in well-being. Changes in the control group indicated that involvement in leisure time activities, in which participants were partly free to choose from, represented more favourable stimulation to a self-perceived sense of well-being than individualised cognitive training. Results also supported the fact that gender and education moderated the effect of cognitive training on well-being. Females and participants with high school education were found to be negatively impacted in well-being when performance connected with cognitive training was expected.
Emergent adaptive behaviour of GRN-controlled simulated robots in a changing environment
Authors: Yao Yao , Storme Veronique , Marchal Kathleen , Van de Peer Yves
Published: December 2016

We developed a bio-inspired robot controller combining an artificial genome with an agent-based control system. The genome encodes a gene regulatory network (GRN) that is switched on by environmental cues and, following the rules of transcriptional regulation, provides output signals to actuators. Whereas the genome represents the full encoding of the transcriptional network, the agent-based system mimics the active regulatory network and signal transduction system also present in naturally occurring biological systems. Using such a design that separates the static from the conditionally active part of the gene regulatory network contributes to a better general adaptive behaviour. Here, we have explored the potential of our platform with respect to the evolution of adaptive behaviour, such as preying when food becomes scarce, in a complex and changing environment and show through simulations of swarm robots in an A-life environment that evolution of collective behaviour likely can be attributed to bio-inspired evolutionary processes acting at different levels, from the gene and the genome to the individual robot and robot population.
Upper hybrid waves and energetic electrons in the radiation belt
Authors: Yoon Peter H. , Kim Sunjung , Hwang Junga , Shin Dae‐Kyu
Published: December 2016

Van Allen radiation belt is characterized by energetic electrons and ions trapped in the Earth's dipolar magnetic field lines and persisting for long periods. It is also permeated by high‐frequency electrostatic fluctuations whose peak intensity occurs near the upper hybrid frequency. Such a phenomenon can be understood in terms of spontaneous emission of electrostatic multiple harmonic electron cyclotron waves by thermal plasmas. In the literature, the upper hybrid fluctuations are used as a proxy for determining the electron number density, but they also contain important information concerning the energetic electrons in the radiation belt and possibly the ring current electrons. The companion paper analyzes sample quiet time events and demonstrates that the upper hybrid fluctuations are predominantly emitted by tenuous population of energetic electrons. The present paper supplements detailed formalism of spontaneous thermal emission of multiple‐harmonic cyclotron waves that include upper hybrid fluctuations.
The gene expression of numerous SLC transporters is altered in the immortalized hypothalamic cell line N25/2 following amino acid starvation
Authors: Hellsten Sofie V. , Lekholm Emilia , Ahmad Tauseef , Fredriksson Robert
Published: December 2016

Amino acids are known to play a key role in gene expression regulation, and in mammalian cells, amino acid signaling is mainly mediated via two pathways, the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway and the amino acid responsive (AAR) pathway. It is vital for cells to have a system to sense amino acid levels, in order to control protein and amino acid synthesis and catabolism. Amino acid transporters are crucial in these pathways, due to both their sensing and transport functions. In this large‐scale study, an immortalized mouse hypothalamic cell line (N25/2) was used to study the gene expression changes following 1, 2, 3, 5 or 16 h of amino acid starvation. We focused on genes encoding solute carriers (SLCs) and putative SLCs, more specifically on amino acid transporters. The microarray contained 28 270 genes and 86.2% of the genes were expressed in the cell line. At 5 h of starvation, 1001 genes were upregulated and 848 genes were downregulated, and among these, 47 genes from the SLC superfamily or atypical SLCs were found. Of these, 15 were genes encoding amino acid transporters and 32 were genes encoding other SLCs or atypical SLCs. Increased expression was detected for genes encoding amino acid transporters from system A, ASC, L, N, T, xc‐, and y+. Using GO annotations, genes involved in amino acid transport and amino acid transmembrane transporter activity were found to be most upregulated at 3 h and 5 h of starvation.
Beta‐catenin participates in dialysate‐induced peritoneal fibrosis via enhanced peritoneal cell epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition
Authors: Ji Shuiyu , Deng Hao , Jin Wei , Yan Pengpeng , Wang Rending , Pang Lisha , Zhou Jingyi , Zhang Jiaming , Chen Xiaoying , Zhao Xiang , Shen Jia
Published: December 2016

Long‐term exposure to peritoneal dialysate with high glucose (HG) leads to peritoneal fibrosis and thus decreases dialysis efficiency. In this study, we explored the role of β‐catenin in this process. C57BL/6 mice received daily intraperitoneal injection with 10% of the body weight of saline (control), 4.25% glucose peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF), or PDF combined with 5 mg·kg−1 of the β‐catenin inhibitor ICG‐001 (PDF+ICG) for 30 days. Also, mice peritoneal epithelial cells (mPECs) were cultured in 4.25% glucose (HG) or combined with 10 μm ICG‐001 (HG+ICG) for 48 h. We found greater thickness of the parietal peritoneum in the PDF‐treated mice. Additionally, lower expression of E‐cadherin, higher expression of Vimentin, β‐catenin, and Snail, and activation of β‐catenin was observed in the mice and in HG‐treated mPECs, all of which were reversed by ICG‐001. The changes in E‐cadherin and Vimentin indicated occurrence of the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Thus, β‐catenin signaling participates in the process of HG‐induced peritoneal fibrosis, and the EMT of peritoneal epithelial cells is one of the underlying mechanisms of this pathological change.
Applications of Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor in Protein Science
Authors: Díaz‐Lobo Mireia
Published: December 2016

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors are reported to be extremely useful for the analysis of real‐time binding events of biomolecules at high sensitivity at low cost. SAW sensors allow label‐free detection of numerous analytes of a broad range, from small molecules, peptides, proteins, and lipid membranes to whole cells (e.g. mammal cells or bacteria) and cell cultures, which interact with an immobilized binding partner. SAW technique requires one binding component to be immobilized on a sensor chip surface, while the other binding component in buffer solution is flowed over the sensor surface; hence, a binding interaction is detected using an acoustic method that measures small changes in the phase and amplitude of the acoustic waves that travel through the sensor surface. The output signals, corresponding to changes in the phase and amplitude of waves, give information about the pure mass loading, intrinsic properties of bound materials, and viscoelastic effects such as conformational changes in protein structures, protein–protein complexes, and the internal structure of layers. These sensors offer a unique method for not only detection but also quantification of binding events because of being capable of measuring real‐time quantitative binding affinities (KD) and kinetic constants (konandkoff) of biological complexes and also concentrations of target analytes. SAW sensors are widely used in both academic life and industry in areas that include almost all fields of the biological and chemical science such as drug screens, diagnosis, environmental monitoring, or life science research.
Quantitative image analysis of binary microstructures: Application to the characterisation of dairy systems
Authors: Legland David , Silva Juliana V.C. , Cauty Chantal , Irina Kolotueva , Floury Julianne
Published: December 2016

Modern microscopy devices give the possibility to obtain images of high resolution at various scales and of a large variety of samples, organisms and materials. However, the quantitative analysis of these images remains a challenge. The reasons are both the difficulty to automatically identify the structures of interest within the images and the lack of appropriate tools or methods to quantitatively describe such structures. In particular, when the structure of interest does not appear as a set of individual particles but as an interconnected network, conventional shape or size distribution analyses are no longer adapted. Examples are numerous in materials science and can be also found in other areas such as molecular biology and food science. Figure 1 shows images of dairy gels observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the result of their segmentation into two phases: the protein (dark) and the void (white) phases.

The aim of this contribution was to explore several mathematical tools to describe TEM images that can be represented by binary microstructures, and to show how they can be applied to the characterisation of dairy systems. The application to other domains of application will also be discussed.

A first group of methods is based on intrinsic volumes, which gives access to morphometric features such as boundary density, volume ratio and Euler number density. The covariance function can describe the microstructure using probabilities of inclusion within the set, and can be related to global morphometric features. The computation of granulometric curves based on mathematical morphology provides size distributions that can be interpreted as thickness distribution or as the pore size distribution (Fig. 2). The tortuosity describes the ability to travel between two points within one binary phase, and quantifies long‐range morphology (Fig. 3).

In the present work, the combination of different morphometric features could discriminate TEM images of dairy systems obtained from different technological processes. More advanced descriptive features have been explored, involving modelling of aggregated particles and of diffusivity properties in the void phase of the network.
High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy study of Au nanocrystals on Si nanowire surfaces
Authors: Alfonso Claude , Campos Andrea P.C. , Dominici Christian , Paciornik Sidnei , Roussel Luc , Patout Loïc , Han Lyuang , Zhou Fang , Charaï Ahmed
Published: December 2016

Nanowires (NWs) are a typical example of nano‐objects that can be functionalized in order to obtain multiple applications: transistors, solar cells, lasers, gas sensors … Moreover, Park et al. [1] showed that silicon NWs coated by gold nanocrystals (NCs) may be used in photothermal therapy in vivo where cancer cells are captured and destroyed. By controlling the size and the density of the superficial gold NCs population one can obtain a sufficient plasmon coupling and thus achieve an even unprecedented efficiency. The development, control and optimization of these functional nanomaterials therefore require advanced characterization tools able to quantify these nano‐object populations. In this context, TEM has remained for decades the only imaging technique with sub‐nanometer resolution. But the small fraction of the analyzed region with respect to the sample size makes it difficult to obtain representative measurements from a statistical point of view. On the other hand the high resolution achieved by modern SEMs allows them to compete clearly with TEM.

In a previous work [2], we showed the first results obtained with a Zeiss Gemini 500 ultra‐high resolution FESEM just installed in CP2M at the Aix‐Marseille University. By combining low kV In‐lens SE and Energy Selective Backscattered (EsB) imaging to EBSD and Annular BF‐DF‐HAADF‐STEM, we demonstrated the possibility of obtaining, in the same instrument, topographical, chemical and structural information from the same NW with a resolution as good as the STEM‐HAADF one [3].

Figures 1 and 2 show examples of In‐Lens SE images obtained at 1kV on a MBE Si NW grown on Si(111) with Au as catalyst. The saw‐tooth faceting of one over two faces of the NW is visible with high resolution. Furthermore, one can see that it is also possible to resolve nanometric gold nanocrystals and their non‐homogeneous repartition onto the different surfaces.

The outstanding quality of this SE image, with a high signal to noise ratio, demonstrates not only the possibility to image these nano‐objects but also to quantify them. Indeed, we will show that coupling low kV mode to image processing and analysis allows studying the nanometric object population with a resolution better than one nanometer, i.e. even better than the nominal resolution of this microscope at this acceleration voltage.

This methodology can be applied to perform a systematic study of the distribution of gold NCs on the substrate and on different facets of the nanowires, and can be extended to any problem involving nano‐objects quantification.
Exchange‐coupled spinel oxides: micro‐Raman and in field Mossbauer spectroscopies correlated to
HRTEM
Authors: Saidani mohamed , Belkacem Wajdi , Bardeau Jean François , Bezerghianu Adrian , Patout Loic , Greneche Jena Marc , Mliki Najeh
Published: December 2016

In this work, we investigate on spinel oxides exchange‐coupled on Co
x
Fe
3‐x
O
4
(x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1). The samples were synthesized using a solvothermal chemical route. X‐ray (XRD) and electron diffraction (ED), associated with High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Magnetic investigations, micro‐Raman spectroscopy and in‐field
57
Fe Mossbauer Spectroscopy were used to study the Co
x
Fe
3‐x
O
4
structural and physical properties.

XRD (fig.1), ED and HRTEM (fig.2) analyzes exhibit the presence of two phases, the hematite and the magnetite, for x=0. However, typical spinel structures for samples with cobalt concentrations x>0 have been found. Low temperature magnetic measurements demonstrate the presence of a jump in M (H) curves for x>0 (fig.3). This result has been reported to the presence of two exchange‐coupled magnetic phases. TEM images have shown the presence of two shapes and sizes till x=0.6. The largest rectangular particles (~250 nm for x=0), investigated by ED, index in the spinel space group (Fd‐3m, magnetite) for x=0. Referring to M (H) curves, these two shapes may have different chemical compositions. ED analyses done on the other compositions didn't exhibit any structure difference between the nanoparticles. The presence of the second phase (magnetite) has been deduced by a heat treatments correlated to micro‐Raman spectroscopy. In‐field Mossbauer (fig.4 up) correlated to HRTEM (fig.4 down) investigations evidence the exchange‐coupling of the magnetite and the cobalt ferrite. The jump like behavior has been found to disappear for x=1 (single phase).
Shrinkage Control of Photoresist for Large‐Area Fabrication of Sub‐30 nm Periodic Nanocolumns
Authors: Le‐The Hai , Berenschot Erwin , Tiggelaar Roald M. , Tas Niels R. , van den Berg Albert , Eijkel Jan C. T.
Published: December 2016

A method to fabricate large‐area arrays of nanocolumns without a deep‐UV laser source is reported. This method allows high‐yield fabrication of 3 × 3 cm2 arrays of sub‐30 nm nanocolumns made of bottom antireflection layer coating (BARC) by combining displacement Talbot lithography (DTL) using a monochromatic UV beam (365 nm wavelength) with plasma etching techniques. DTL is used to manufacture an initial pattern of periodic photoresist nanocolumns with a diameter of ≈110 nm. N2 plasma can transfer this pattern at a 1:1 ratio to BARC nanocolumns. It is found that reactive O2/N2 plasma etching on the other hand can shrink the BARC nanocolumns to sub‐30 nm dimensions. The shrink‐etching process can be reproducibly controlled by tuning the gas flow ratio and the etching time. It is highly remarkable that the verticality of these BARC nanocolumns remains during O2/N2 plasma shrink etching. Combining the etching of O2/N2 plasma with N2 plasma allows to produce BARC nanocolumns over the entire diameter range from 110 to sub‐30 nm. The fabrication approach enables large‐footprint fabrication of size‐tunable periodic nanostructures that have many potential applications in photonics, electronics, biosensors, smart surfaces, catalysis, and biomedical analysis.
Catalytic Enantioselective Arylboration of Alkenylarenes
Authors: Logan Kaitlyn M. , Brown M. Kevin
Published: December 2016

A method for the catalytic enantioselective arylboration of alkenylarenes is disclosed. The reaction leads to the formation of 1,1‐diarylalkanes that also incorporate an additional pinacol boronic ester which can be easily transformed to a variety of groups. The products are formed with excellent diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities.
Zygomaticomaxillary Morphology and Maxillary Sinus Form and Function: How Spatial Constraints Influence Pneumatization Patterns among Modern Humans
Authors: Maddux Scott D. , Butaric Lauren N.
Published: December 2016

Previous research has suggested that the maxillary sinuses may act as “zones of accommodation” for the nasal region, minimizing the impact of climatic‐related changes in nasal cavity breadth on surrounding skeletal structures. However, a recent study among modern human crania has identified that, in addition to nasal cavity breadth, sinus morphology also tracks lateral facial form, especially anterior‐posterior positioning of the zygomatics. Here, we expand upon this previous study to further investigate these covariation patterns by employing three samples with distinct combinations of nasal and zygomatic morphologies: Northern Asians (n = 28); sub‐Saharan Africans (n = 30); and Europeans (n = 29). For each cranium, 30 landmarks were digitized from CT‐rendered models and subsequently assigned to either a midfacial or maxillary sinus “block.” Two block partial least squares (2B‐PLS) analyses indicate that sinus morphology primarily reflects superior‐inferior dimensions of the midface, rather than either nasal cavity breadth or zygomatic position. Specifically, individuals with relatively tall midfacial skeletons exhibit more inferiorly and laterally expanded sinuses compared to those with shorter midfaces. Further, separate across‐group and within‐group 2B‐PLS analyses indicate that regional differences between samples primarily build upon a common pattern of midfacial and sinus covariation already present within each regional group. Allometry, while present, only explains a small portion of the midface‐sinus covariation pattern. We conclude that previous findings of larger maxillary sinuses among cold‐adapted individuals are not predominantly due to possession of relatively narrow nasal cavities, but to greater maxillary and zygomatic heights. Implications for sinus function and midfacial ontogeny are discussed. Anat Rec, 300:209–225, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Biomechanics of Bony Facial “Buttresses” in South African Australopiths: An Experimental Study Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Ledogar Justin A. , Benazzi Stefano , Smith Amanda L. , Weber Gerhard W. , Carlson Keely B. , Dechow Paul C. , Grosse Ian R. , Ross Callum F. , Richmond Brian G. , Wright Barth W. , Wang Qian , Byron Craig , Carlson Kristian J. , De Ruiter Darryl J. , Pryor Mcintosh Leslie C. , Strait David S.
Published: December 2016

Australopiths exhibit a number of derived facial features that are thought to strengthen the face against high and/or repetitive loads associated with a diet that included mechanically challenging foods. Here, we use finite element analysis (FEA) to test hypotheses related to the purported strengthening role of the zygomatic root and “anterior pillar” in australopiths. We modified our previously constructed models of Sts 5 (Australopithecus africanus) and MH1 (A. sediba) to differ in the morphology of the zygomatic root, including changes to both the shape and positioning of the zygomatic root complex, in addition to creating variants of Sts 5 lacking anterior pillars. We found that both an expanded zygomatic root and the presence of “anterior pillars” reinforce the face against feeding loads. We also found that strain orientations are most compatible with the hypothesis that the pillar evolved to resist loads associated with premolar loading, and that this morphology has an ancillary effect of strengthening the face during all loading regimes. These results provide support for the functional hypotheses. However, we found that an anteriorly positioned zygomatic root increases strain magnitudes even in models with an inflated/reinforced root complex. These results suggest that an anteriorly placed zygomatic root complex evolved to enhance the efficiency of bite force production while facial reinforcement features, such as the anterior pillar and the expanded zygomatic root, may have been selected for in part to compensate for the weakening effect of this facial configuration. Anat Rec, 300:171–195, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel phased‐concept course for the delivery of anatomy and orthopedics training in medical education
Authors: Klima Stefan , Hepp Pierre , Löffler Sabine , Cornwall Jon , Hammer Niels
Published: December 2016

Integration of anatomy and clinical teaching is a theoretical ideal, yet there is a worldwide paucity of such amalgamation. These teaching models provide support for medical trainees, an important element in Germany where orthopedic intern numbers have declined and anecdotal evidence suggests disinterest in orthopedics. The aim of the study was to develop an integrated anatomy‐surgical course for undergraduate medical training, assess the model developed, and explore how medical students perceive orthopedics as a career. The course was to deliver medical anatomy and clinical orthopedic training, focusing on interdisciplinary teaching and learning, vertical integration of clinical knowledge and skills, and professional interaction. Survey evaluation of the course and students' perceptions of orthopedic careers was performed, including Likert‐type responses rating variables of interest. A phased‐concept program of five courses, each optional and under one‐week in duration, was developed parallel to the undergraduate medical program. Delivered by anatomists and surgeons, courses included biomechanics, advanced dissection, surgical approaches, casts and implants, and sports medicine. Course data indicate positive support for course format, stimulation of interest, and high clinical relevance. Students are generally interested in surgery, and identify hierarchy, lawsuits, bureaucracy and physical stress as barriers to orthopedic careers. This novel phased‐concept successfully delivers combined anatomy and surgery training in a vertically‐integrated format while addressing students' clinical and professional skills. The format facilitates an appreciation of potential career options in orthopedics, while fostering professional skills during medical training. Barriers to careers in orthopedics can now be addressed in future courses. Anat Sci Educ 10: 372–382. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.
On the feasibility of predicting popular news at cold start
Authors: Arapakis Ioannis , Cambazoglu Berkant Barla , Lalmas Mounia
Published: December 2016

Prominent news sites on the web provide hundreds of news articles daily. The abundance of news content competing to attract online attention, coupled with the manual effort involved in article selection, necessitates the timely prediction of future popularity of these news articles. The future popularity of a news article can be estimated using signals indicating the article's penetration in social media (e.g., number of tweets) in addition to traditional web analytics (e.g., number of page views). In practice, it is important to make such estimations as early as possible, preferably before the article is made available on the news site (i.e., at cold start). In this paper we perform a study on cold‐start news popularity prediction using a collection of 13,319 news articles obtained from Yahoo News, a major news provider. We characterize the popularity of news articles through a set of online metrics and try to predict their values across time using machine learning techniques on a large collection of features obtained from various sources. Our findings indicate that predicting news popularity at cold start is a difficult task, contrary to the findings of a prior work on the same topic. Most articles' popularity may not be accurately anticipated solely on the basis of content features, without having the early‐stage popularity values.