bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Equine-Assisted Therapies for Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Heussen Nicole , Häusler Martin
Published: June 2022

CONTEXT

Equine-assisted therapy in different facets aims to improve the clinical condition of children with cerebral palsy. A more comprehensive overview on the overall effects and on the differences between different treatment modalities seems desirable.

OBJECTIVE

We compared the effectiveness of various equine-assisted treatments on motor capabilities and quality of life of children with cerebral palsy.

DATA SOURCES

We conducted systematic searches of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.

STUDY SELECTION

Randomized and nonrandomized controlled parallel-group or crossover studies on equine-assisted therapies in comparison with standard of care were included.

DATA EXTRACTION

Data on motor function assessed by different instruments were considered as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included global, social, physical, and emotional scores of quality of life.

RESULTS

Strong evidence for a positive effect of equine-assisted therapies, particularly hippotherapy, on global gross motor function and motor capabilities during walking in children with cerebral palsy was identified (SMD 0.24, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.43, P = .01, t2 = 0.00, I2 = 15%; SMD 2.68, 95% CI 1.02 to 4.34, P = .002, t2 = 0.0, I2 = 0%). No evidence for the improvement in quality of life could be shown in the global assessment, nor in any subscore.

CONCLUSIONS

Equine-assisted therapy, particularly hippotherapy, can be a therapeutic tool for children who are learning to walk.

LIMITATION

The heterogeneity of tools used in different studies and the low number of studies addressing quality of life issues limited the number of studies available for distinct analyses.
Franco-Ottoman Diplomatic Relations and the Secret du Roi, 1756–1774
Authors: Flynn Sébastien
Published: June 2022

The Secret du Roi was Louis XV’s secret foreign policy from approximately 1745 until his death in 1774. This article analyzes Franco-Ottoman diplomatic relations from 1756 to 1774 by using the Secret du Roi as a source. By examining the Secret du Roi, this article shows France’s hostility towards Russia and elaborates on France’s preference for having close diplomatic relations with the Ottoman Empire instead of Russia. The second half of this article elaborates on France’s confidence in the Ottoman Empire’s political and military capabilities, and why they thought the Ottomans would do well against Russia in 1768.
Trends and Characteristics in Gestational Diabetes: United States, 2016–2020
Authors: Gregory C.W. Elizabeth , Danielle M. Ely
Published: June 2022

This report presents data on trends for gestational diabetes among women giving birth in the United States from 2016 through 2020, and rates by selected maternal and newborn characteristics for 2016, 2019, and 2020.
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, GC-MS, FTIR ANALYSIS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS, CORIANDRUM SATIVUM L AND MENTHA SPICATA
Authors: MOHAMMED Jamaluddeen , OBA Oluwasuyi Ayobami , PASAOGLULARİ AYDİNLİK Nur
Published: June 2022

Phytochemical and some proximate composition analysis was carried out on three (3) selected edible medicinal plants leaves which were believed to be of medicinal value and have physiological effects as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-pyretic, antioxidant, laxative etc. The significant aim of the research is to identify the phyto-components as well as compounds presents in the ethanolic extract of Mentha spicata L (mints), Rosemarinus officinalis (Rosemary), and Coriandrum sativum (coriander) using two different analytical methods GC-MS along with their functional groups using FTIR. The GC-MS analysis reveals more than thirty (30) compounds identified as major constituents and mostly all the compounds identified was found to possess medicinal properties. The data analysis from FTIR spectrometry representing most of the strong absorptions bands which further indicates major functional groups such as aliphatic amines, alkanes, aromatic (primary and secondary) and carboxylic acids. While the preliminary phytochemical screening conducted indicates the presence of Flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and saponins from the ethanolic extracts of the plant extracts. Therefore the findings indicate that all the selected plant samples are potential sources of medicinal activities and can be applied in the field of phyto-medicine considering their diverse ethno-pharmacological importance.
Thoracoscopy pulmonary biopsy by two portals with a novel pre-tied loop ligature device in rabbits: an experimental study
Authors: Wittmaack Monica Carolina Nery , Sembenelli Guilherme , Conceição Maria Eduarda Bastos Andrade Moutinho da , Montanhim Gabriel Luiz , Crivellaro Roberta Martins , Rolemberg Daniele Santos , Dias Luis Gustavo Gosuen Gonçalves , Silva Marco Augusto Machado da , Teixeira Pedro Paulo Maia , Moraes Paola Castro
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT: Thoracoscopy is replacing open lung biopsies because it is less invasive, usually the technique is done using three portals and intracorporeal suture technique. This study described the feasibility and efficacy of a novel pre tied loop ligature and to propose a thoracoscopic access strategy with two portals to perform lung biopsy in patients under 5 kg. Ten rabbits were positioned in dorsal recumbency. Total thoracoscopic lung biopsy was performed using a combined transdiaphragmatic approach and a right intercostal approach. A pre tied loop ligature was placed to perform a caudal lung lobe biopsy. Insufflation of the thoracic cavity was not performed. The total surgery time was 41.4 ± 14.5 min. The procedure was carried out free of complications that prevented slippage or tightening the knot or that made it come loose after the lung biopsy; there was no serious complication during the surgical procedure. The samples obtained averaged 1x0.64x0.45 cm (Length, Width, Depth) and were considered satisfactory according to the histopathologic evaluation. Thorax radiographs taken before and after the surgeries were compared and showed no pneumothorax or hemothorax. Necropsy confirmed no knot failure occurred at the biopsy site. The use of the novel pre tied loop ligature is a safe and effective technique, avoiding problems with the limited size of the thoracic cavity in small patients.
Prostaglandin F2α treatment concurrent with artificial insemination does not affect bovine embryo production
Authors: Frata Monique Mazzarollo , Lima Wagner Marques de , Lima Danylo Cintra Medeiros , Silveira Dênis Halinski da , Lucia Júnior Thomaz , Ferreira Rogério , Gonçalves Paulo Bayard Dias , Gasperin Bernardo Garziera
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT: Treatment with prostaglandin F2α (PGF) induces ovulation and increases conception rates in cows, while improving embryo production in buffalos. However, its effect on superovulated cows is unknown. This study verified whether single PGF administration concurrent with artificial insemination (AI) improves fertilization and embryo production rates in superovulated cows. In each replicate, embryo donor cows were equally allocated to two groups: the untreated control and PGF groups. The latter of which received 482 µg of cloprostenol concurrent with the first AI. Each cow (n = 35) was subjected to two superovulations (SOV) in a crossover design (total = 70 embryo collections). In the control and PGF groups, respectively, the observed responses were [median (95% CI)]: 12 (10-18) and 15 (12-18) total structures, 9 (7-11) and 7 (6-10) viable embryos, 1 (0-1) and 1 (1-3) degenerated embryos, and 1 (0-3) and 2 (0-5) oocytes (P > 0.05). In conclusion, single PGF treatment concurrent with the first AI did not affect embryo production in superovulated cows.
Influence of adjuvants added to teflubenzuron spray on resistant and susceptible strains of the soybean looper Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Hettwer Bruna Laise , Godoy Daniela Neves , Hanich Manoela Ramos , Caye Milena , Moreira Rafaella Pretto , Luchese Eric Fernandes , Zanella Renato , Bernardi Oderlei , Melo Adriano Arrué
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT: The soybean looper (SBL), Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, [1858]) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a soybean and cotton pest in South America countries. Field-evolved resistance of SBL to inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis has been reported in Brazil; however, this mode of action is still widely used against SBL. On this basis, we conducted laboratory bioassays to investigate if adjuvants (Nimbus®, TA 35®, Break-Thru® S 240, and Rizospray Extremo®) added to the teflubenzuron spray increase the mortality of SBL strains (resistant, heterozygous, and susceptible to chitin biosynthesis inhibitors). Using chromatography analysis, we also evaluated the amount of teflubenzuron on soybean leaves when applied alone or in combination with adjuvants. In laboratory bioassays, the biological activity of teflubenzuron increased against the susceptible SBL strain when adjuvants were added. In contrast, no relevant effects of adjuvants added to the teflubenzuron spray against heterozygous and resistant SBL larvae were detected. In leaf bioassays, even leaves from the upper third part of the plants containing a significantly higher amount of teflubenzuron (3.4 mg/kg vs 1.7 and 0.6 mg/kg); the mortality of SBL strains was similar when teflubenzuron was applied alone or in mixture with adjuvants. Our findings indicated that adjuvants added to teflubenzuron spray do not provide a substantial increase in the mortality of SBL strains resistant to chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the use of this mode-of-action insecticide against SBL and to give preference to other insecticides or control tactic.
Airborne cameras for natural grassland classification in the Pampa biome
Authors: Ogliari Daniele Gutterres Pinto , Zanotta Daniel Capella , Fontana Denise Cybis , Bremm Carolina , Bredemeier Christian , Carvalho Paulo César de Faccio
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT: The extension of the area occupied by the inter tussock stratum and tussock stratum in natural pastures is essential for the productive performance of grazing animals. Images obtained from unmanned remote sensors can provide useful information, especially because they have a high spatial resolution. Thus, this study evaluated the performance of the supervised adaptive classification applied to aerial images obtained from an onboard drone camera to map the area covered by tussocks in a natural pasture of the Pampa biome. The study was carried out in a natural pasture area managed since 1986 under different forage allowances, considering treatments of 8, 12, and 16 kg of dry matter per 100 kg live weight (% LW). An aerial image from September 2017, obtained with a Canon S100 camera onboard a drone at an altitude of 120 m, with a spatial resolution of 5 cm, was used. The random forest and support vector machine classifiers were tested associated with specific classification rules. False-color images showed considerable visual similarity in the large patterns of the vegetation distribution and the validation performed with independent samples when compared to the classified images. The tested classifiers were able to measure the area covered by the tussock stratum, which could be an indicator of the quality vegetation in a natural grassland of the Pampa biome.
Psychological Adjustment of Children with Cancer: Relapse and Survival Perspectives
Authors: Wechsler Amanda Muglia , Bragado-Álvarez Carmen , Hernández-Lloreda María José , Lopes Luiz Fernando , Perina Elisa Maria
Published: June 2022

Abstract In Brazil, few studies have investigated the psychological aspects of childhood cancer. The aim of this article was to compare the psychological adjustment of children with cancer from different survival perspectives with that of children without cancer, besides examining potential risk factors. The sample consisted of 179 participants (6-14 years-old) recruited in two Brazilian public hospitals and three schools, and divided in three groups (relapsed, survivors and control). Children answered orally the self-reported Behavior Assessment Scale for Children, the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale and Piers-Harris’ Self-Concept Scale. No differences were found between groups regarding school and clinical maladjustment, personal adjustment, emotional symptoms and self-concept. Findings also showed positive associations between psychological maladjustment and gender, younger age, lower household income, single parenthood and lower levels of parental education. Conclusions indicate that children with cancer adapt well to the disease and do not present more psychological problems than controls.
Social and Educational Skills Program with Elementary School Teachers
Authors: Serqueira Adriana Pinheiro , Leme Vanessa Barbosa Romera , Quiterio Patrícia Lorena , Achkar Ana Maria Nunes El
Published: June 2022

Abstract The study evaluated the effects of a Social and Educational Skills Program on the repertoire of social skills, educational social skills, and self-efficacy beliefs in teachers. Participants included 45 teachers who taught at the final grades of elementary school, in public schools in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Participants were allocated by convenience into 2 groups: intervention (n=22) and control (n=23). The program consisted of 10 meetings, with pre-test and post-test measures. The teachers responded to the following instruments: Social Skills Inventory, Educational Social Skills Inventory-teacher, Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale, and Socioeconomic Questionnaire. Results indicated that the intervention promoted the repertoire of social and educational skills of teachers and increased teaching self-efficacy beliefs. It was concluded that the intervention showed some indicators of efficacy, signaling the interpersonal development of the educators. Future research should include accompanying measures and experimental design.
Relação entre Habilidades Sociais, Suporte Social e Qualidade de Vida em Cuidadores
Authors: Ximenes Vanessa Santiago , Queluz Francine Náthalie Ferraresi Rodrigues , Barham Elizabeth Joan
Published: June 2022

Resumo Os objetivos deste estudo foram: (a) realizar uma análise descritiva das habilidades sociais, suporte social e qualidade de vida de cuidadores de idosos e (b) avaliar a correlação entre cada um desses construtos. Participaram deste estudo 70 cuidadores familiares de idosos, com idade média de 57,3 anos (DP = 10,6), que responderam aos seguintes instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico, Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil, Inventário de Habilidades Sociais para Cuidadores de Idosos Familiares, Escala de Percepção do Suporte Social e Escala de Qualidade de Vida. Foram encontradas correlações positivas de magnitudes moderadas entre habilidades sociais, suporte social e qualidade de vida. Comunicar emoções de forma assertiva se correlacionou com a obtenção de suporte voltado ao enfrentamento de problemas, e esse apresentou correlação moderada com qualidade de vida. O aprimoramento do repertório de habilidades sociais pode favorecer a busca por suporte social, beneficiando a díade cuidador-idoso.
Ajustamento à Aposentadoria: Relações com Saliência de Carreira e Realização de Carreira
Authors: Magalhães Mauro de Oliveira , Brito Fernanda de Souza
Published: June 2022

Resumo A aposentadoria requer a reorganização de prioridades, atividades e papéis de vida. A teoria da continuidade considera que essa reorganização será maior quando a carreira profissional é uma prioridade pessoal ou quando objetivos de carreira não foram alcançados. Medidas de saliência de carreira, realização de carreira, ajustamento na aposentadoria, percepções de saúde, recursos financeiros e senso de domínio foram respondidas por 454 aposentados, com idade média de 64 anos, 66% mulheres, ativos e inativos. Realização e saliência de carreira explicaram o ajustamento para além dos dados demográficos e dos recursos financeiros e de saúde. A realização de carreira elevou o ajustamento em aposentados inativos e o prejudicou em aposentados ativos. Houve efeito supressor da saliência de carreira sobre a influência da realização de carreira no ajustamento. Conclui-se que a saliência e a realização de carreira são variáveis a serem levadas em consideração no planejamento de programas de preparação para a aposentadoria.
Proposta de um método alternativo para a estimativa da condutividade hidráulica em solos não saturados
Authors: Silva Joyce Pascoal de Oliveira , Dantas Neto Silvrano Adonias , Rodrigues Paulo Mateus Barros
Published: June 2022

RESUMO A determinação da condutividade hidráulica em solos não saturados é essencial ao realizar análises de fluxo transiente nesses meios porosos. No entanto, a execução de ensaios de laboratório e de campo para a determinação dessa propriedade hidráulica não é prática corrente no âmbito da geotecnia, por se tratar de procedimentos demorados e dispendiosos. As redes neurais artificiais (RNA) têm sido bastante empregadas em Mecânica dos Solos, permitindo a estimativa de uma forma fácil e simples de fenômenos complexos e multivariados. Desse modo, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um modelo de estimativa da condutividade hidráulica em solos não saturados desenvolvido a partir de um tipo de RNA conhecido como perceptron multicamadas (MLP). As variáveis de entrada do modelo são: índice de vazios inicial, teor de umidade gravimétrico inicial, percentuais de areia, silte e argila, índice de plasticidade, coeficiente de permeabilidade saturado e sucção matricial. Durante a modelagem, um total de 275 exemplos foram utilizados, dos quais 85% foram empregados na fase de treinamento, e 15% na fase de teste. O modelo proposto possui uma arquitetura A: 8-4-2-1 e apresentou coeficiente de correlação de 0,97 após 500 mil iterações em ambas as fases de treinamento e de teste. Os resultados do modelo se ajustaram satisfatoriamente aos dados experimentais utilizados nas fases de treinamento e de teste, e a rede neural proposta foi capaz de representar a influência das variáveis de entrada no comportamento hidráulico de diferentes tipos de solo.
Estudo de blindagem para salas de radioterapia: uma aplicação para concretos baritados
Authors: De Pires Maikon Moreira , Do Nascimento Chiara das Dores , Souza Everton Granemann , Hoff Gabriela , Kulakowski Marlova Piva
Published: June 2022

RESUMO Para garantir a proteção dos indivíduos, diversos materiais são utilizados para blindagem de radiação ionizante, dentre eles o sulfato de bário (barita), que se destaca por apresentar boa atenuação de feixes de fótons em diferentes energias, incluindo aqueles utilizados em radioterapia. Nesse contexto, este trabalho propõe três traços de concretos baritados: T.REF (referência), T.10%SA (com substituição de 10% de cimento Portland por sílica ativa) e T.10%CV (com substituição de 10% de cimento Portland por cinza volante) para investigar os efeitos da blindagem da radiação ionizante gerada por um equipamento de radioterapia. As amostras de concreto foram caracterizadas em relação as suas densidades aparentes e resistência à compressão axial. Para avaliar eficácia da blindagem, foram realizadas medidas de atenuação da radiação do feixe primário gerado por um acelerador linear, para tensões máximas de aceleração de 6 MV e 10 MV, em função da espessura dos corpos de prova. Quanto à densidade, todos os concretos baritados foram classificados como “normais” conforme a NBR 8953 e, em relação aos ensaios de resistência à compressão, todos atenderam aos critérios estruturais e de severidade do meio, segundo a NBR 6118. No tocante a blindagem da radiação ionizante, o concreto baritado T.10%CV apresentou maior eficiência reduzindo as espessas paredes das salas de radioterapia em 80,91% e atenuando 95% da radiação incidente. Este traço é composto por cinza volante, um resíduo proveniente da queima do carvão mineral em usinas termelétricas. Portanto, além de propor um método de reaproveitamento e uma destinação adequada ao resíduo sólido, foi possível reduzir o consumo de clínquer; material responsável pela maioria das emissões de gases poluentes no processo de fabricação de cimento. Ademais, os concretos baritados T.REF e T.10%SA também se mostraram adequados para serem aplicados em barreiras de proteções de salas de radioterapia, embora tenham apresentados atenuações menores que o T.10%CV.
Small rodent communities and their associated damage to wheat-groundnut agriculture systems
Authors: Munawar N. , Mahmood T. , Akrim F. , Fatima H. , Farooq M. , Irshad N. , Fakhar M. , Javed T. , Baig A. , Razzaq A. , Saman A.
Published: June 2022

Abstract Rodents can cause significant damage to wheat-groundnut crops in developing countries, as well as to stored produce and infrastructure, affecting food security and income of small-holder farmers. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and groundnuts (Arachis hypogea) are important cash crops for local farmers in Pakistan. Field experiments were performed to assess the extent of rodent damage to wheat-groundnut crops throughout their growth stages (i.e, germination, flowering/peg formation and maturity) in the agro-ecological zones of Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan. We used a quadrat method to record the number of damaged crop plants. On the basis of the trapping data four rodent species were captured from wheat-groundnut cropping systems which were responsible for causing damage, i.e., lesser bandicoot rat (Bandicota bengalensis) was the main species, followed by the short-tailed mole rat (Nesokia indica), the Indian gerbil (Tatera indica) and the bush rat (Golunda ellioti). In both crops, the maximum damage was recorded at crop maturity (10.7 and 14.4%, respectively). The lowest reported damage to wheat and groundnuts was at the germination stage (3.5% and 6.0%, respectively). The lower damage reported at germination could be due to availability of non-crop vegetation at field borders that may be a potential factor influencing damage. Our findings clearly show the considerable amount of damage caused by rodents to wheat-groundnut at maturity across all the agro-ecological zones of Pothwar and indicated that the small mammal composition was more related to maturity stage/season of crops, when the availability of food and climatic condition were favorable and having security under crop shelter. More detailed studies are needed to fully understand the population and breeding ecology of the relevant rodent pest species in relation to damage patterns to optimize management beyond individual structural measures.
Antibiotic resistance pattern and pathological features of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O78:K80 in chickens
Authors: Usman S. , Anjum A. , Usman M. , Imran M. S. , Ali M. , Moustafa M. , Rehman M. S. , Hussain T. , Sarwar F. , Azad A. , Hussain I. , Naseer J. , Tiwana U. , Hafeez S.
Published: June 2022

Abstract Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) induces colibacillosis, an acute and systemic disease, resulting in substantial economic losses in the poultry sector. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern associated with frequent virulence gene distribution in APEC O78:K80 that may cause pathological alterations in chickens. The antibiogram profile showed high resistance to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ampicillin, and co-trimoxazole, followed by intermediate resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and doxycycline hydrochloride, and sensitive to amikacin, streptomycin, gentamicin, and colistin. Virulence gene distribution identifies eight (irp-2, iutA, ompT, iss, iucD, astA, hlyF, iroN) genes through a conventional polymerase chain reaction. APEC O78:K80 caused significantly high liver enzyme concentrations, serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in experimental birds. Also, infected birds have hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperglobulinemia. Necropsy examination revealed fibrinous perihepatitis and pericarditis, congested lungs, intestinal ecchymotic hemorrhages and necrotizing granulomatosis of the spleen. Histopathological examination depicted hepatocellular degeneration, myocardial necrosis, interstitial nephritis, intestinal hemorrhages and lymphopenia in the spleen. This study is the first evidence to assess the antibiotic resistance profile linked with virulence genes and clinicopathological potential of APEC O78:K80 in chickens in Pakistan, which could be a useful and rapid approach to prevent and control the disease by developing the control strategies.
Effects of gibberellic acid concentration and fruit maturation stage on seed germination and vigor of pitahaya seedlings
Authors: Santos T. P. , Sá M. E. , Malagutti E. S. , Pinto M. S. , Ferreira A. F. A. , Monteiro L. N. H. , Silva A. C. C. , Soutello R. V. G. , Rodrigues M. G. F.
Published: June 2022

Abstract With increased interest in cultivation, the study of white-fleshed pitahaya (Selenicereus undatus (Haw.) D.R. Hunt, Cactaceae family) seedling production is of fundamental importance in the search for novel techniques to increase cultivation and guarantee homogeneous and productive orchards. The present study investigated the influence of various gibberellic acid (GA3) concentrations and fruit maturation stages on seed germination and vigor of white-fleshed pitahaya seedlings, considering the physiological quality of seedlings produced to support genetic breeding and conservation programs of the species. White-fleshed pitahaya seeds at two maturation stages (physiologically ripe and maintained at 10 °C in Biochemical Oxygen Demand incubators for three months) were treated with varying GA3 concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 500 mg/L. We observed the influence of fruit storage on seedling germination, emergence, and growth as a function of GA3 concentration. According to the results, seeds extracted from ripe white-fleshed pitahaya fruits grown under the conditions tested here required GA3 application to increase seedling emergence and vigor, with optimal doses in the 150–300-mg/L range. In the case of pitahaya fruits intended for storage for future seed removal and maintained under the same sowing conditions, the application of higher doses of GA3 was necessary when compared to the previous condition, with a minimum dose of 500 mg/L GA3. The present study shows that the maturation stage of white-fleshed pitahaya fruits intended for seed removal influences the quality of seedlings; therefore, the use of seeds extracted from ripe pitahaya fruits without fermentation is more appropriate for the purpose.
Positive relationships between insects and negative with spiders on Acacia auriculiformis (Fabaceae) plants in the savannah biome and their distribution pattern
Authors: Teixeira D. L. , Leite G. L. D. , Silva L. F. , Veloso R. V. S. , Silva R. S. , Guanabens P. F. S. , Silva W. M. , Silva Junior A. S. P. , Munhoz E. J. M. M. , Gomes J. B. , Zanuncio J. C.
Published: June 2022

Abstract Forest restoration is mainly based on plant-soil relationships and plant species with economic potential, but those between insects and other arthropods are also important to this reestablishment. The objective was to evaluate, during 24 months, the relationships between tending ants, Hemiptera phytophagous, predators and their distribution pattern (aggregated, random or uniform). The arthropods were sampled, stored and identified and their relationships and distribution patterns calculated with the BioDiversity-Pro software. The number of tending ants and phytophagous Hemiptera, Brachymyrmex sp. and Aethalion reticulatum, Cephalotes and Aleyrodidae were positively correlated. Tending ants were negatively correlated with Sternorrhyncha predators on A. auriculiformis saplings. The distribution of arthropods was aggregated, except for Teudis sp. and Cephalocoema sp., with a random pattern. The herbivores Stereoma anchoralis, Aethalion reticulatum and Tetragonisca angustula and the predators Brachymyrmex sp. and Dolichopodidae were the most abundant arthropods. The relationships between the arthropods studied on A. auriculiformis indicate that this plant, even introduced, is suitable for programs to recover degraded areas in the savannah.
Ethnobotanical investigation of medicinal plants used in Lingchuan county, Shanxi, China
Authors: Jin S. , Zhang S. S. , Shad N. , Naeem A. , Yang Y. D. , Wu S. K.
Published: June 2022

Abstract Medicinal plants are the primary sources of healthcare among the people of developing countries in villages and local towns. Documenting and reporting the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants may contribute to pharmaceutical research development. For this reason, we present our findings on ethnomedicinal plants from Lingchuan County, Shanxi, China, an unexplored area rich in medicinal plant resources. Information of ethnomedicinal plants were collected through questionnaire/semi-structured interviews from 180 informants, including traditional healers. Field surveys were conducted in 53 villages of Lingchuan County from 2017 to 2018. Informed consent was obtained from each participant before conducting the interview process. Quantitative analysis was performed for each recorded species, such as Relative Frequency Citation (RFC), Use Value (UV), and Factor of Informant Consensus (FIC). Diseases were categorized into twelve groups. A total 138 species of medicinal plants were recorded, belonging to 123 genera of 58 families. Asteraceae was the dominant plant family with 19 species, followed by Rosaceae and Fabaceae. Herbs were dominant among plant life-forms with 96 species, followed by shrubs and trees (15 species each). Roots were the most commonly used plant parts with 58 species, followed by whole plants and fruits (28 species each). Most plant species were reported non-toxic (84, 60%), followed by unknown toxicity (35, 25%), poisonous, and less toxic (19, 14%). Quantitative analysis revealed that Forsythia suspensa was with higher (0.33) RFC value, and Scutellaria baicalensis was recorded with a higher (0.91) UV. Treated diseases were categorized in 12 groups and evaluated by their FIC value, in which gynecological diseases have higher (0.93) FIC value followed by urinary system diseases. Most medicinal plants are used to clear away heat and relieve the surface. The present study revealed that local people of Lingchuan County confidently use ethnomedicinal plants for their healthcare needs. The higher indices value of a plant species resulted from quantitative analysis warrants further investigation, which may possess valuable phytochemical compounds that may result in new drugs for treating various human disorders.
Association of genetic polymorphism of glutathione S-transferases with colorectal cancer susceptibility in snuff (Naswar) addicts
Authors: Khan A. , Jahan F. , Zahoor M. , Ullah R. , Albadrani G. M. , Mohamed H. R. H. , Khisroon M.
Published: June 2022

Abstract The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between polymorphisms in detoxifying (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) genes and their association with colorectal cancer (CRC) in tobacco addicts of Pashtun ethnicity. Polymorphisms in the selected genes were genotyped in a case-control study consisting of 100 histologically confirmed male CRC patients and 100 birth-year and gender-matched healthy controls using the PCR−RFLP method. The GSTM1 null, and GSTT1 null genotypes were significantly contributed to the risk of CRC in the cases (OR= 3.131, 95% CI: 1.451−6.758, P = 0.004, and OR= 3.541, 95% CI: 1.716−7.306, P = 0.001, respectively), whereas the association observed for GSTP1 Val/Val (1.139, 95% CI: 0.356−3.644, P = 0.826) did not show statistical significance. The combined GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null showed a 41-fold increased risk (95% CI: 4.945−351.950, P = 0.001), while, the combined GSTM1 null and GSTP1 Ile/Val or Val/Val variant genotypes exhibited about 3-fold (95% CI: 1.196−7.414, P = 0.019) increased risk to CRC. Similarly, the combined GSTT1 null and GSTP1 Ile/Val or Val/Val variant genotypes showed about a 3-fold (95% CI: 1.285−8.101, P = 0.013) increased risk of CRC. In the combination of three GST genotypes, the GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, and GSTP1 Ile/Val or Val/Val variant genotypes demonstrated a more than a 22-fold (95% CI: 2.441−212.106, P = 0.006) increased risk of CRC. Our findings suggest that GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism and its combination with GSTP1 may be associated with CRC susceptibility in the Naswar addicted Pashtun population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic response of the seeds of Amomum subulatum roxb and Vitex negundo
Authors: Badar S. N. , Sajid M. S. , Rizwan H. M. , Abbas H. , Maqbool M. , Malik M. A. , Nisar R. H. A. , Rajput M. , Shamim A. , Akram Q. , Naeem M. A. , Alvi M. A. , Iqbal Z. , Hassan M. A. , Ghazanfer S. , Iqbal Z.
Published: June 2022

Abstract The current study was designed to check the anthelmintic activities of some local plants. Seeds of Amomum (A.) subulatum and Vitex (V.) negundo in different solvents were subjected to in vitro (adult motility assay; AMA and egg hatch assay; EHA) and in vivo (faecal egg count reduction test; FECRT) anthelmintic activity testing protocols using Haemonchus (H.) contortus as an experimental model. The results of AMA, EHA, and FECRT were statistically analysed through linear regression and Duncan multiple range test. In AMA test, at 50 mg mL-1 concentration, the percent mortality of H. contortus was higher in A. subulatum than V. negundo, whereas, in EHA test, A. subulatum was proven better ovicidal (LC50=14.2 µg mL-1) than V. negundo (LC50= 65.7405 µg mL-1). The FECRT also indicated the better efficacy of A. subulatum than V. negundo against natural infection of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites. The crude powder of plants used in this study showed 29.6% to 57.7% anthelmintic. The reduction rate was found higher for A. subulatum (3 g kg-1) as compared to V. negundo (7 g kg-1). Reagrding efficacy analysis of solvents used for plants extract, ethyl acetate and chloroform were found better in increasing ovicidal activity in adult worms (in vitro testing), whereas, the crude aqueous methanol was found better than the crude powders in in vivo testing. It will be beneficial to document the indigenous knowledge to standard scientific procedures for their validation. This study will help to motivate the farmers to make a better choice of cultivation of the indigenous plants because of their varying efficacies as an alternative preventive approach against the GI parasitic infections.
Craniolateral forearm muscles of the crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus) and a comparative review with other carnivorans
Authors: Vélez-García Juan Fernando , Marín-González Lucía , Monroy-Cendales María José , Miglino Maria Angélica
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT The crab-eating raccoon Procyon cancrivorus (Cuvier, 1798) is a species of the order Carnivora and family Procyonidae with a geographical distribution in Central and South America. Although crab-eating raccoons use scansorial locomotion, they also have aquatic habits, displaying greatly developed skills when handling their food. This species can frequently be found in wildlife care centers due to injuries caused by domestic dogs, humans, and car collisions. Having knowledge of the species’ gross anatomy and anatomical bases is imperative to perform the most appropriate medical and surgical procedures. Thus, the objective of this investigation was to analyze the interspecific and intraspecific differences of the craniolateral forearm muscles of Procyon cancrivorus. Gross dissections were performed in four specimens describing the origin, insertion, shape, innervation, and arterial supply of the craniolateral forearm muscles. There is a constant and well development of brachioradialis muscle comparatively to that described in strictly cursorial species; the extensor carpi radialis muscle has two bellies that are fused proximally; the extensor digitorum communis muscle can also extend the tendon to the digit I as an anatomical variant, and the extensor digiti I and II muscle also extends the tendon to digit III. All are innervated by the deep branch of the radial nerve, and their arterial supply is mainly by the radial collateral, cubital transverse, and cranial interosseous arteries. The anatomical characteristics observed in this study complement the previous descriptions for Procyon cancrivorus, and the anatomical variants found in this species can also be in other carnivorans. Thus, the intraspecific anatomical variations of the digital extensor muscles in P. cancrivorus are phylogenetic traits that can occur as a common pattern or as anatomical variants in other species of the order Carnivora.
Strengths-based Nursing and Healthcare in maternities: rethinking practices and continuity of care
Authors: da Silva Otília Beatriz Maciel , Bernardino Elizabeth , Encarnação Paula
Published: June 2022

Abstract Objective: To identify elements of the Strengths-Based Nursing and Healthcare in the maternity nurses care practice in a perspective of continuity of care. Method: Qualitative exploratory-descriptive study. A focus group was used for data collection, seven meetings were held with 18 nurses between August 2019 and January 2020, starting from a priori categories: “problem-based nursing care” and “strengths-based nursing and healthcare”. Results: In the first category, nurses’ care is centered on problems identified in women; they keep a hierarchical relationship and a prescriptive posture based on a biomedical model. In the second category, care is focused on singularity, empowerment, self-determination, learning, collaborative partnership, and promotion of women’s health, based on a holistic nursing model. Conclusion: Although nurses use the biomedical model in their care practice, many of them already use the framework elements empirically. Applying this theoretical framework allows nurses to shift the focus of their attention from the disease to the person/family, promoting health and the continuity of care in a holistic way.
Health status of persons with dementia and caregivers’ burden during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic: an Indian study
Authors: Mukherjee Ruchira , Bhattacharyya Bidisha , Mukherjee Adreesh , Das Goutam , Das Sujata , Biswas Atanu
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT. Due to the disruption of normal flow of treatment during the restrictions related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the health status of persons with dementia (PwD) and their caregivers’ burden might worsen. Objective: The article aims to find out the health status of PwD and caregivers’ burden during the peak of second wave of COVID-19 and make a comparison with the preceding trough phase. Methods: The study was conducted with 53 PwD and their caregivers in two phases. On their visit to the hospital during the unlock phase (phase 1), data were collected for CDR from PwD, and NPI-Q and ZBI from their caregivers. During the peak of second wave (phase 2), data were collected for NPI-Q, ZBI, and DASS-21 through telephonic communication, and statistical analyses were performed on the collected data. Results: Significantly higher caregiver burden (p=0.001) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) [both in severity (p=0.019) and distress (p=0.013)] were observed among the respondents during the peak of second wave of the pandemic as compared to the preceding trough phase. Positive correlations were observed between the caregiver burden and depression, anxiety, and stress of the caregivers (p<0.001) and between the severity of dementia in PwD and caregiver burden (p<0.001) for both the first and second phases. Positive correlation was also observed between the severity of dementia in PwD and depression (p=0.042) and stress (p=0.023) of caregivers. Conclusions: Significant increase in the burden and distress was observed among caregivers due to increased NPSs of PwD during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic.
New species of driftwood catfish of Tatia (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) from rio Tapajós, Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Frank Raynner V. , Silva-Oliveira Cárlison , Silva Alberto Conceição F. da , Canto André L. Colares
Published: June 2022

Abstract A new species of Tatia is described from rio Tapajós, upstream of the rapids of São Luiz do Tapajós, Pará State, Brazil. The new species is identified and diagnosed from its congeners through morphological characteristics such as the absence of an adipose fin, which is shared with T. akroa and T. britskii; the composition of the cranial roof elements; the color pattern consisting of dorsolateral dark dots formed by both dermal and epidermal pigments; as well as several morphometric measures. The new species is a Centromochlinae fish that feeds on insects on the surface of the water at night and it is probably endemic to rio Tapajós basin.
A new species of Knodus (Characiformes: Characidae), with deep genetic divergence, from the Mearim and Munim river basins, Northeastern Brazil, and evidence for hidden diversity in adjacent river basins
Authors: Aguiar Rayane G. , Guimarães Erick C. , Brito Pâmella S. de , Santos Jadson P. , Katz Axel M. , Dias Luiz Jorge B. da S. , Carvalho-Costa Luis Fernando , Ottoni Felipe P.
Published: June 2022

Abstract A new species of Knodus from the Mearim and Munim River basins, Northeastern Brazil, is herein described based on integrative taxonomy, by using different molecular based species delimitation methods and independent approaches. The new species possesses the combination of character states that usually diagnoses the genus. The new species possesses a similar colour pattern to K. victoriae, which is also morphologically similar to it. The species described herein differs from K. victoriae by possessing more total vertebrae, more branched anal-fin rays, and fewer circumpeduncular scales. We also provide a detailed discussion of the morphological diagnostic features exhibited by Knodus species from adjacent river basins.
Beliefs and knowledge of formal caregivers about old age and its relationships with sociodemographic variables
Authors: LIMA Jeisiane dos Santos , KHOURY Hilma Tereza Tôrres , MAGALHÃES Celina Maria Colino
Published: June 2022

Abstract Attitudes based on outdated stereotypes about aging can limit development possibilities in old age. The objective of this paper was to describe the beliefs and the level of knowledge about old age among formal caregivers of the elderly, verifying the relationship with the socio-demographic variables age, education and length of service in the job. The sample included 32 caregivers from two Long-Term Institutions. This is a correlational study, based on a cross-sectional survey. Results: in general, caregivers’ beliefs regarding old age were neutral, that is, neither positive nor negative; the knowledge on the topic were scarce, and the longer the time in the function, the more positive beliefs were manifested about the autonomy of the elderly (agency domain). It is believed that investment in the training of caregivers will increase the benefits both for the professional class (caregivers), yielding care skills improvement, and for the elderly themselves, by providing greater quality in the elderly-elderly and elderly-caregiver interaction.
The type of motivation does matter for university preparation
Authors: IRAOLA-REAL Ivan , MATOS Lennia , GARGUREVICH Rafael
Published: June 2022

Abstract Using Self-Determination Theory, the relationship between motivation (autonomous and controlled), academic self-efficacy, test anxiety, life satisfaction and academic achievement was studied in a group of pre-university students from Lima-Peru. A total of 252 students of both sexes with ages between 16 and 30 years (Mage = 17.69) were assessed. Correlational analyses showed the expected relationships among the studied variables. The path analysis performed gave evidence of the fulfillment of the hypotheses proposed for this study since academic self-efficacy mediated the relationship between autonomous motivation and academic achievement and life satisfaction; also test anxiety mediated the relationship between controlled motivation and academic achievement and life satisfaction. The implications of these empirical findings are discussed in relation to pre-university education in Peru.
Transição para a maternidade na trajetória acadêmica: estratégias de reparação dinâmica do self e de resistência no campo social de jovens universitárias
Authors: PONTES Vívian Volkmer , QUEIROZ Fillipe Silva de , NASCIMENTO Jucimara Sousa do , FONSECA Fernanda Daltro Tourinho da
Published: June 2022

Resumo O presente estudo pretende analisar as estratégias de reparação dinâmica do self e de resistência no campo social construídas por jovens universitárias que inesperadamente engravidaram durante suas trajetórias acadêmicas. A partir da perspectiva da Psicologia Cultural Semiótica, será apresentado um estudo de caso construído por entrevista narrativa. A análise do caso revela que a gravidez não planejada foi experienciada pela jovem entrevistada como um evento disruptivo que, junto a um restrito apoio social e institucional, implicou em significativos desafios para conciliar distintas demandas, colocando em risco a sua saúde mental. Nesse cenário de complexas demandas desenvolvimentais, intensos deverão ser os esforços com o intuito de reparação dinâmica do self e de resistência para a permanência na universidade.
Padrões e Modos de Vida: Mobilidade Social nas Periferias de São Paulo (2000-2016)
Authors: Fontes Leonardo
Published: June 2022

RESUMO Com base em uma pesquisa multimétodos em dois distritos da periferia de São Paulo, este artigo analisa o processo de mobilidade social observado no Brasil na primeira década e meia deste século. O texto tem dois objetivos: i) compreender as relações entre mudanças no padrão de vida, de caráter mais quantitativo, e no modo de vida, com características qualitativas; e ii) analisar essas mudanças em relação ao projeto de mobilidade das diferentes gerações de trabalhadores das periferias paulistanas. Argumento que, embora seja possível constatar melhorias significativas no padrão de vida, há grande heterogeneidade e frustração nos processos de mobilidade social em torno de três questões: a) ganhos de renda que, embora significativos, não chegam a alcançar os padrões fordistas de décadas passadas; b) melhorias quase sempre instáveis nos rendimentos de trabalhadores e empreendedores; c) frustração de uma mobilidade mais intensa a partir do alcance do ensino superior. Diante de um contexto individualizador com perdas de laços significativos no âmbito familiar e vicinal, promessas não cumpridas de chegada à “classe média” e permanência de precariedade nos serviços públicos, o modo de vida das pessoas foi impactado de formas diversas e, por vezes, traumática.
Trajetória Sinuosa: Surgimento de uma Dimensão Pública na Formulação da Política de Defesa no Brasil?
Authors: Duarte Rubens de S.
Published: June 2022

RESUMO Por meio de um esforço de monitoramento empírico, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar de que modo mecanismos institucionais do Estado brasileiro e recentes movimentos na sociedade afetam a trajetória de construção de uma dimensão pública mais plural no processo de formulação da política de defesa no Brasil. A caracterização da política de defesa como uma política pública sui generis sugere a pertinência de investigar o jogo político entre atores assimétricos que permeiam as tomadas de decisão. Por meio de análises da literatura acadêmica, de relatórios oficiais, do ordenamento jurídico e de entrevistas, este artigo argumenta que houve avanços na construção de uma dimensão pública para a defesa, embora a falta de institucionalidade e a baixa qualidade do diálogo façam que essa trajetória seja frágil e não linear.