bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for allergy: Evidence from cross sectional analysis of a UK primary care database.
Authors: Diwakar Lavanya , Subramanian Anuradhaa , Shah Divya K , Subramaniam Sumithra , Pelly Victoria S , Greenfield Sheila , Moore David , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah
Published: December 2023

Background
As the global prevalence of allergy increases, it is clear that more individuals are presenting with complex and multiple allergies. The impact of various demographic and clinical risk factors on developing allergies has not been previously explored at a population level.
Objectives
To ascertain if age, gender, ethnicity, geographical region of residence and being diagnosed with another allergy affect the risk of having allergies.
Methods
The health improvement network database (THIN) is a live primary care database which holds data generalisable to the UK population. A retrospective logistic regression analysis was performed using cross-sectional data for the year 2018 extracted from the THIN database. Demographic data and allergy diagnoses were used as independent variables to estimate the odds of developing allergies.
Results
Of the 3.03 million records analysed, 49.8% were male and 19.7% were children (aged < 18 yrs). There were gender, ethnicity and region-based differences in the prevalence of Primary Care Physician (PCP) diagnosed allergic diseases in the UK. Individuals with any diagnosed allergy had significantly higher odds of being diagnosed with others. Individuals with eczema and asthma were at higher risk of developing food and drug allergy as well as anaphylaxis. Those with urticaria were also more likely to be diagnosed with anaphylaxis. The odds of developing anaphylaxis are highest in individuals with food allergy [OR: 54.57 (95%CI: 45.65–65.22); p < 0.001 for children and OR:18.05 (95% CI:16.79–19.41); p < 0.001 for adults respectively].
Conclusions
Having an allergy significantly increases the odds of being diagnosed with others. There are age, gender, ethnicity and region based differences in the prevalence of allergies. These data suggest that a significant proportion of individuals with allergies have complicated needs related to their ethnic, social, economic as well as clinical phenotype. This should be taken into account when planning for future allergy services.
The Rhythm of Aging: Routine Preferences in Older Adults – Interplay of Personality, Self-control, Impulsiveness, and Intolerance for Uncertainty
Authors: Welenc Urszula , Hopper Louise
Published: December 2023

As the population of older adults grows, understanding factors that influence preference for routine becomes increasingly important. This study provides valuable insights into the complexities surrounding (non-) routine preferences, with implications for older adult well-being. We hypothesised that personality traits, self-control, impulsiveness, and intolerance of uncertainty would significantly contribute to an individual's preference for routine. Participants were 100 home-dwelling older adults (aged 65+). Using a survey design, preference for routine was assessed through self-reported measures. Quantitative data was collected using the personality traits (BFI), self-control (BSCS), impulsiveness (BTI), intolerance of uncertainty (IOU-12), and preference for routine (PFR) scales. The reliability of the scales was assessed using Cronbach's coefficient. The survey also included qualitative open-ended questions to gain insight into participants' subjective perspectives on routine preferences. Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis revealed significant associations between conscientiousness, neuroticism, self-control, intolerance of uncertainty and preference for routine. Extraversion, openness and impulsiveness were highly correlated with a preference for non-routine. Inductive Content Analysis identified content categories for routine (“Motivated Autonomy," "Efficiency and Structure," and "Psychological Well-being") and three for non-routine ("Unrestrained Exploration," "Emotional Discomfort," and "Resistance to Control"). Our study highlights that an individual's personality traits significantly influence their preference for (non-) routine in later life. Understanding these preferences is crucial for healthcare professionals, caregivers, and policymakers, as it allows for tailoring interventions and support for older adults based on their unique needs. This research emphasises the importance of recognising and accommodating individual differences among older adults, ultimately enhancing their well-being and quality of life.
Clinical presentation and outcomes according to KRAS status in advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Carvalho Giselle Souza , Vianna Clara Louise , Wilheim André , Santo Mariana Espírito , Milagres Rafaela , Small Isabele Ávila , Araujo Luiz Henrique
Published: December 2023

Objective
The goal of the current study was to assess the frequency of KRAS mutation subtypes in a cohort of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). More importantly, we present the clinical characteristics, treatment profile, as well as overall survival (OS) according to KRAS mutational status.
Methods
This study comprised a retrospective analysis of patients from a cancer center database from 2016 to 2019. All patients had confirmed diagnosis of non-squamous NSCLC by pathological examination (histology or cytology), metastatic disease (de novo or recurrence) and were tested for KRAS mutations.
Results
A total of 200 patients were included; 25 had G12C (12.5%), 33 had other KRAS mutations (16.5%), and 142 were wild type (71.0%). Mean age at diagnosis was 63.9 years (SD 11.0); most patients were females (60.5%), smokers (70.0%), and were diagnosed with advanced disease (13.1% and 80.8% at stages III and IV, respectively). Adenocarcinoma comprised 99% of tumors, and 19.5% presented central nervous system (CNS) involvement. CNS was more often involved in KRAS G12C-mutant cases (p = 0.044), and KRAS mutations were inversely associated with EGFR (p < 0.001). Survival was not significantly different according to KRAS status (p = 0.41). Median OS was 10.6 months (95% CI, 8.9–15.7), 11.7 months (95% CI, 5.1–34.8), and 7.7 months (95% CI, 5.0-18.4) in KRAS wild type, G12C, and others, respectively.
Conclusion
KRAS G12C was present in relatively high frequency, and lacked prognostic impact in the current study. This mutation may develop independently of clinical factors, and therefore should be routinely tested in all patients with advanced, non-squamous NSCLC.
An incoherent superconducting nanowire phonon detector revealing the controversial gate-controlled superconductivity
Authors: Zhang Labao , Li Haochen , Tan Jingrou , Guan Yanqiu , Chen Qi , Wang Hao , Zhang Biao , Tu Xuecou , Zhao Qing-Yuan , Jia Xiao-Qing , Kang Lin , Yang Zhuolin , Chen Jian , Wu Pei-Heng
Published: December 2023

Superconductor nanodevices serve significant platforms for solid-state quantum systems, such as quantum computer and quantum detector. And the out-of-equilibrium phenomena always plays an important role in superconductor nanodevices. Here we reported an incoherent superconducting nanowire phonon detector for revealing the out-of-equilibrium phenomena in the controversial gate-controlled superconductivity (GCS), which recently provide a new perspective on the design of superconducting devices. The asymmetric dependence of the gate-inducing signal count rate (CR) on the gate voltage polarity not only suggests that GCS is dominated by the hybrid effect of field-emission electrons and the out-of-equilibrium phonons, but also verifies the capability of the detector to respond to phonons. These conclusions are further proven by applying opposite gate voltages on two remote gates, in which only phonons play a role and the asymmetry vanishes. We show the significance of nanowire sensitivity and band structure to GCS, which can be used to modulate the polarity symmetry of CR on gate voltage. Proposed detector contributes to the research on the out-of-equilibrium phenomena and has potential in constructing phonon-based solid quantum devices.
Tuning the oxidation activity of alcohols via hydrogen-bond interactions
Authors: Shi Song , Feng xiao , Yang Piaoping , Wang Yinwei , Cao Jieqi , Gao Jin , Vlachos Dionisios
Published: December 2023

Weak interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, are crucial in enzyme catalysis. Here, we develop AuPd alloy nanoparticle catalysts encapsulated by a porous organic framework shell that mimics the outer coordination sphere of an enzyme. Various hydrogen bond acceptors (C=O, S=O, and N-O groups) were imparted in the shell. Concentration-dependent 1H-NMR, IGC measurements, and DFT calculations underscore that the hydrogen bond strength between the catalyst acceptor groups and alcohol follows the order of C=O<S=O<N-O. Benzyl alcohol oxidation rate vs. the hydrogen bond acceptor strength follows a volcano behavior, reminiscent of Sabatier's principle. The performance variation among catalysts is attributed to the adsorption strength of the substrate. The proposed bio-inspired design principle expands the scope of encapsulated catalysts, enabling fine regulation of catalytic activity through precise microenvironment control via weak interactions with substrates.
Experiences of antibiotic use and healthcare access among migrants in the UK: a qualitative study
Authors: Silva Luisa , Al-Oraibi Amani , Nanakali Shajwan , Chaloner Jonathan , Gogoi Mayuri , Hassan Osama , Al-Sharabi Isra , Sahare Pankhuri , Pareek Manish , Qureshi Irtiza , Nellums Laura B
Published: December 2023

Background:
In recent years, migration to and within Europe has increased. Human mobility has been hypothesised as a contributing factor towards antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, there is limited evidence to explain how migration contributes towards antibiotic resistance. More qualitative research regarding migrants’ perspectives of antibiotic use is needed to understand this complex interaction. The aim of this study was to explore experiences of antibiotic use and healthcare access among migrants in the UK, and how this might influence the risk of AMR.
Methods:
Adult migrants were purposively recruited through community organisations, collaborators, online platforms and snowball sampling representing different migrant statuses, countries of origin and ethnicities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted online, by phone or face-to-face, in participants’ preferred languages, between March and July 2022 exploring antibiotic use and healthcare access. Data were analysed thematically and the study was informed by a Project Advisory Committee, with members from Doctors of the World and professionals who were previously refugees or asylum seekers.
Results:
27 migrants (17 males and 10 females), aged 21-60, from 17 different countries were interviewed. Four main themes were generated: 1) Uncharted territory: navigating a new healthcare system (sub-themes (a) access to care during journey, (b) difficult access to healthcare in the UK and (c) comparison between different healthcare systems); 2) Preserving the sense of agency and decision-making around antibiotic use, 3) Self-perpetuating cycle (sub-themes - (a) co-infections; (b) using alarming symptoms or “red-flags” and (c) taking antibiotics due to previous similar symptoms or persisting symptoms), and 4) The fragile state of the patient-doctor relationship.
Conclusions:
These findings give useful insight into barriers faced by migrants when trying to access healthcare services both en route and after arriving in the UK, as well as their attitudes and behaviours in relation to antibiotics. Results also shed light on the complexity of factors contributing to health-seeking behaviour and antibiotic use, and how these may vary depending on previous experiences. We discuss implications for future research and practice, and how current policies may need to evolve to better support and reduce possible risk factors for AMR in migrant communities.
Genome wide association study for growth and carcass traits in the Amazon fish Colossoma macropomum
Authors: Ariede Raquel B. , Freitas Milena V. , Neto Rubens R. Oliveira , Agudelo John F. G. , Lira Lieschen V. G. , Borges Carolina H. S. , Mastrochirico-Filho Vito A. , Hashimoto Diogo Teruo
Published: December 2023

Background Growth and carcasses yield are economically important traits for the Amazon fish tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). However, carcasses yield has received little attention in breeding programs because it is difficult to measure on many fish and it cannot be directly measured on breeding candidates. The goal of this study was to unravel the genetic architecture of growth and carcasses yield traits, as well as to identify candidate genes influencing these traits, in an experimental tambaqui population in Southeastern Brazil, by using ddRAD-sequencing (double digest restriction-site associated DNA) and GWAS (genome-wide association study) methods.Methods and Results Phenotype data from 11 full-sib families, with a total of 365 individuals, were evaluated for 15 months. Eight growth characteristics were measured. Each fish was processed in the following body regions: head, rib, loin, R + L (rib + loin). GWAS analysis identified a total of 3 SNPs with chromosome significance, which were associated with six growth/yield traits (HL, SL, Body weight, R + L weight, Head weight and Rib weight), distributed into two linkage groups (LG 11 and 19). We highlighted three genes (ptpre, glrx3, and ebf3a) close to the QTLs that represents candidates for further functional validation to uncover biological mechanisms underlying variation for these traits in tambaqui.Conclusions In conclusion, our results indicated that growth and carcasses yield traits are polygenic in tambaqui, with the most important loci explaining only 0.2% of the genetic variance for the trait.
The mechanism of action and experimental verification of Gan-song Yin on renal clear cell carcinoma based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics
Authors: Jiang Wenjie , Yuan Ling , Liu Qian , Li Xiangyang , Yang Yifan , Li Jiaqing , Jiao Taiqiang , Niu Yang , Zhang Lei , Dou Hongli , Nan Yi
Published: December 2023

Background: Gan-song Yin (GSY) is originated from the scripture "Gan-song Pills", a medical work of the Ningxia ethnic minorities, and its treatment of kidney diseases has good results. Its method of treating Renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is still unknown, nevertheless.
Methods: Firstly, utilizing a network pharmacology strategy to screen GSY for active components and targets and looking up KIRC-related targets in GeneCards and GEO databases. Secondly, protein interaction networks were constructed and analyzed for GO and KEGG enrichment. Molecular docking was then performed and clinical and other correlations of the network pharmacology results were analyzed using bioinformatic analysis methods. Finally, we performed in vitro cellular experiments with 786-O cells and ACHN cells to validate the results of network pharmacology and bioinformatic analysis.
Results: With the help of network pharmacological analysis, six hub targets were eliminated. Bioinformatics study revealed that the hub targets has clinically significant clinical guiding importance. The results showed that GSY inhibited the proliferation of 786-O cells and ACHN cells, induced cell apoptosis, blocked cell cycle, and reduced cell colony formation ability. qRT-PCR results showed that GSY promoted the expression of ALB and CASP3 genes, and inhibited the expression of EGFR, JUN, MYC and VEGFA genes. Western blot results showed that GSY could promote the expression of ALB and CASP3 protein, and inhibit the expression of EGFR, JUN, MYC and VEGFA protein.
Conclusions: Network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis showed that GSY could act on multiple targets through a variety of components to achieve the effect of treating KIRC. In this study, we confirmed that GSY inhibits KIRC by regulating the expression of core targets through in vitro cellular experiments, thus providing a reference for subsequent related studies.
The aging and color development of writing in paper archives
Authors: Wang Qiwen , Guo Xiaoshuang , Xu Zhi , Fan Huiming
Published: December 2023

The most important value of archives lies in the handwritten information they record. However, during the storage process, handwriting may change color or fade due to the influence of the storage environment, especially when writing in blue-black ink. Therefore, in response to the phenomenon that files with blue-black ink handwriting are prone to fading, α,α’bipyridine with the ethanol solution was selected as a developer to perform color-developing treatment on naturally aged ink samples to assess the color-developing effect of faded blue-black ink handwriting. The results showed that the artificially aged ink sample had significantly faded. After being treated with a chromogenic agent, the color of the faded ink sample deepened and the outline of the handwriting became clear. The yellow blue color b value changed to -3.15, the residual ink amount increased by 41.74%, and the difference in absorbance curve area decreased by 296.75. Moreover, the chromogenic agent did not cause significant damage to the paper. This result indicates that the chromogenic agent has a good effect on the recovery of naturally aged blue-black ink blots, and this study has certain practical application value for the protection of ancient literature.
In-vivo culture and genetic identification of Sarcoptes scabiei from human isolate using cox1 gene
Authors: Satoto Tri , Dwiputro Alfin Harjuno
Published: December 2023

Scabies is a highly contagious skin disease caused by infestation of Sarcoptes scabiei mite. The host range of S. scabiei is extremely broad. S. scabiei is a skin-infesting ectoparasite of mammals, including human, domestic, and also wild animals. Antigen detection tests could serve as a potential alternative method for diagnosing scabies, but the availability of the antigen hinder further development. The mites could not be cultured using in-vitro media. S. scabiei showed non-specific interaction with the host. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1 or COI) is a mitochondrial gene which is widely used as molecular marker for classification in animal species, including S. scabiei. Finding showed that S. scabiei isolated from human could infest and cultured in-vivo using rabbit. Rabbit used in the in-vivo culture of the mites showed heavy crust development after 3 weeks of mites infestation. Phylogenetic analysis with maximum-likelihood using cox-1 generates 2 branches, with the value of 74% and 45%. S. scabiei harvested from in-vivo culture showed genetic relation with S. scabiei isolated from different host, including human, dog, and rabbit from different geographic area. Our present finding showed S. scabiei isolated from human could be cultured in rabbit, thus provides alternative source of antigen for further development of scabies diagnostic test.
Comparison of Optimization Approaches on Linear Quadratic Regulator Design for Trajectory Tracking of a Quadrotor
Authors: Ata Baris , Gencal Mashar
Published: December 2023

Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) is one of the most prevalent methods used in the control of unmanned aerial vehicles. LQR controllers are commonly employed in the control of both linear and non-linear systems due to their advantages such as easy-to-apply and high-performance structure. However, there is one main difficulty that plays a significant role in the manner of determining the gain for the control signal: choosing appropriate weighting matrices. The selection of these matrices that directly affect the controller performance is generally performed by trial and error, which is laborious and time-consuming. Accordingly, various optimization algorithms have been utilized to determine the weighting matrices of the LQR controller. In this paper, the weighting matrices of the designed LQR controller were obtained using Standard Genetic Algorithm, Differential Evolution, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Grey Wolf Optimization algorithms. The obtained weighting matrices of the LQR controller were tested on an unmanned aerial vehicle simulation, and the performance of optimization algorithms were presented comparatively.
Cytokeratin Based Assessment of Tumour Budding in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Muthukumarappan Kumudavalli , Narla Swetha , Subramanyan Annapurneswari
Published: December 2023

Background: One of the most prevalent and major causes of cancer-related mortality is colorectal cancer(CRC). Unfortunately, despite being labelled as low-risk cancers based on their TNM stage, many tumours behave poorly. Therefore, a key area of research has been the search for additional prognostic factors in the evaluation of CRC. The independent forecasting tool for colorectal cancer(CRC), particularly in node-negative illness, is tumour budding(TB). The term "tumour buds"(TB) refers to detached (epithelial) tumour cells, which are single or clusters (less than or equal to five cells) at the maximum invasive front. This prospective study was carried out by evaluating tumour buds using pan-cytokeratin immunostain and comparing it with Haematoxylin & Eosin(H&E) staining and clinicopathological parameters.
Methods: Resected specimens without presurgical therapy were analysed in the Department of Pathology for one year. Among histologically proven colorectal carcinoma, TB scores on H & E and pan-cytokeratin immunostained slides were compared.
Results: Of the clinicopathological parameters evaluated in 83 cases of colorectal cancer, there was a strong correlation of tumour budding score with tumour type ('p' value <0.004), grade of the tumour ('p' value <0.001), and metastasis ('p' value <0.001) and were statistically significant. There is a definitive chance of upgradation of TB score by cytokeratin immunostain
Conclusion: TB is a negative prognostic factor responsible for adverse outcomes in CRC patients. Regardless of the scoring method used, cytokeratin-based assessment of tumour budding is superior compared with the TB score assessed by H&E alone.
A Mendelian randomization study confirmed a causal relationship between high basal metabolic rate levels and increased risk of lung cancer
Authors: Yu Zhuchen , Huang Qianwen , Zou Juntao , Xu Fei
Published: December 2023

Purpose We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study and performed a reverse causation test to assess the potential causal relationship between basal metabolic rate (BMR) and lung cancer, intending to determine whether genetically predicted BMR levels are a causal factor for lung cancer.Methods We collected data on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to basal metabolic rate (BMR) and lung cancer throughout the whole genome. A total of 599 strongly associated SNPs were selected as proxies for BMR to assess the causal relationship between BMR levels and increased risk of lung cancer. Stratified analyses were performed on different histological types of lung cancer to explore the causal relationship between BMR and non-small cell lung cancer/small cell lung cancer risk. The statistical effect was calculated using the Inverse Variance-Weighted(IVW)method, and sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess pleiotropy and heterogeneity.Result The IVW method determined a potential causal relationship between high BMR levels and lung cancer (OR = 1.23, 95%CI = 1.06–1.43, p < 0.01), while dismissing a reverse causal relationship (OR = 1.00, 95%CI = 0.98–1.01, p = 0.63). The causal relationship between high BMR levels and NSCLC was also confirmed (IVW: OR = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.01–1.74, p < 0.05). Further sensitivity analysis validated the stability of these results.Conclusion Our study results provide the first evidence of a causal relationship between high BMR levels and the risk of lung cancer. Additionally, a positive association between high BMR levels and NSCLC risk was observed, while no relation was found with SCLC, possibly due to the lack of data.
Economic Resilience and the Metal Industry: A Qualitative Examination of Dhaka's Metal Businesses in Response to Fluctuating Economic Conditions
Authors: Hasan Md Mehedi , Nipa Meherun Nisa , Abtahi Ahanaf Tahmid , Siam Saleh Ahmed Jalal
Published: December 2023

This study delves into the intricate interplay between the economic environment and Metal Industry's profitability and growth. Metal Industry, a prominent steel manufacturing company, operates in a complex global landscape, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of economic factors that influence its trajectory. Through qualitative research methods, including interviews and document analysis, key personnel's perspectives within the company were garnered. The economic environment's role in shaping profitability and growth was scrutinized, uncovering critical insights. The study reveals that economic variables, encompassing inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates, exert a significant impact on production costs, demand dynamics, and pricing strategies. The company's adaptive measures, as illuminated in response to economic trends and events, underscore its resilience and strategic agility. Challenges posed by factors like increased competition, raw material costs, and trade policy shifts were identified, alongside opportunities such as market expansion and sustainability initiatives. Ethical practices were highlighted as integral to the company's approach, manifesting through sustainable production, regulatory compliance, stakeholder engagement, and responsible sourcing. The study's findings provide a multi-dimensional perspective on how Metal Industry navigates economic complexities, proactively responds to challenges, and ethically positions itself for sustainable profitability and growth. The insights garnered contribute to a nuanced comprehension of the dynamic relationship between businesses and the economic landscape.
Persistent epigenetic signals propel a senescence-associated secretory phenotype and trained innate immunity in CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from diabetic patients
Authors: Vinci Maria Cristina , Costantino Sarah , Damiano Giulia , Rurali Erica , Rinaldi Raffaella , Vigorelli Vera , Sforza Annalisa , Carulli Ermes , Pirola Sergio , Mastroiacovo Giorgio , Raucci Angela , El-Osta Assam , Paneni Francesco , Pompilio Giulio
Published: December 2023

Background:
Diabetes-induced trained immunity contributes to the development of atherosclerosis and its complications. This study aimed to investigate in humans whether epigenetic signals involved in immune cell activation and inflammation are initiated in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and transferred to differentiated progeny.
Methods and results
High glucose (HG)-exposure of cord blood (CB)-derived HSPCs induced a senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) characterized by cell proliferation lowering, ROS production, telomere shortening, up-regulation of p21 and p27genes, upregulation of NFkB-p65 transcription factor and increased secretion of the inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL6. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) of p65 promoter revealed that H3K4me1 histone mark accumulation and methyltransferase SetD7 recruitment, along with the reduction of repressive H3K9me3 histone modification, were involved in NFkB-p65 upregulation of HG-HSPCs, as confirmed by increased RNA polymerase II engagement at gene level. The differentiation of HG-HSPCs into myeloid cells generated highly responsive monocytes, mainly composed of intermediate subsets (CD14hiCD16+), that, like the cells from which they derive, were characterized by SASP features and similar epigenetic patterns at the p65 promoter. The clinical relevance of our findings was confirmed in sternal BM-derived HSPCs of T2D patients. In line with our in vitro model, T2D HSPCs were characterized by SASP profile and SETD7 upregulation. Additionally, they generated, after myeloid differentiation, senescent monocytes mainly composed of proinflammatory intermediates (CD14hiCD16+) characterized by H3K4me1 accumulation at NFkB-p65 promoter.
Conclusions
Hyperglycemia induces marked chromatin modifications in HSPCs, which, once transmitted to the cell progeny, contributes to persistent and pathogenic changes in immune cell function and composition.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates lipopolysaccharide induced acute thymus involution in mice via AMPK/Sirt1 pathway
Authors: Su Qing , Yang Shu-ping , Guo Jun-ping , Rong Yi-ren , Sun Yun , Chai Yu-rong
Published: December 2023

The thymus, a site to culture the naïve T lymphocytes, is susceptible to atrophy or involution due to ageing, inflammation and oxidation. Eepigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been proven to possess the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumor activity. Here, we investigate the effects of EGCG on thymic involution induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin derived from gram-negative bacteria. Methodology included in vivo experiment on female kunming mice exposed to LPS and EGCG. Morphological assessment of thymic involution, the immunohistochemical detection, thymocyte subsets analysis by flow cytometry were further carried out to evaluate the potential role of EGCG on thymus. As a result, we found that EGCG alleviated LPS-induced thymic atrophy, increased mitochondrial membrane potential and SOD levels, and decreased MDA and ROS levels. In addition, EGCG pre-supplement restored the ratio of thymocyte subsets, the expression of autoimmune regulator (Aire), sex determining region Y-box2 (Sox2) and nanog homebox (Nanog), and reduced the number of senescent cells and collagen fiber deposition. Western blotting results indicated that EGCG treatment elevated LPS-induced decrease in pAMPK, Sirt1 protein expression. Collectively, EGCG relieved thymus architecture and function damaged by LPS via regulation of AMPK/ Sirt1 signaling pathway. Our findings may provide a new strategy on protection of thymus from involution caused by LPS by using appropriate adjuvant natural agents. EGCG might be considered as a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of thymic involution.
A data-driven quantitative model for predicting floor groundwater inrush risk under deep and thick coal seam mining
Authors: Zhan Hao , Liu Shouqiang , Wu Qiang , Yin Shangxian , Liu Weitao , Zhang Xiaohui
Published: December 2023

With the increase of coal mining depth, water hazards in the coal mine floor occur frequently. The coal production process is faced with complex water inrush mechanism and variable water inrush main control factors, and the uncertainties among the factors make the prediction of floor water inrush more difficult. In this paper, Tangjiahui Coal Mine, a Northwest China typical coalfield, in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is taken as the research object. The prediction index system including aquifer capacity, aquiclude capacity, and geological structure is selected, with seven prediction factors being considered. Secondly, the analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method are used to calculate the subjective and objective weights. On this basis, two models of comprehensive weight based on AHP-EW improved by game theory and improved variable weight of floor water inrush risk based on the foundation of comprehensive weight are constructed. The predicted results are displayed by using the powerful spatial management and information processing functions of GIS, and the performance of the two models is discussed and compared. By comparing the prediction results with the in-situ water inrush points, it is found that these positions are in the relatively hazardous areas of floor water inrush, which proves that the prediction model has high accuracy. Finally, the prevention measures of floor water inrush are put forward according to the risk zoning results. The research results can provide a scientific theoretical basis for mine water disaster prediction, and it is also conducive to the sustainable utilization of groundwater resources.
Perceived certainty of punishment as a boundary condition between fear of punishment and compliance with coronavirus disease prevention policies
Authors: Kura Kabiru Maitama , Abubakar Ramatu Abdulkareem
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the potential impact of perceived certainty of punishment on the relationship between fear of punishment and adherence to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) prevention policies. By integrating regulatory focus theory with deterrence literature, we argued that individuals have varying perceptions regarding the certainty of punishment. Individuals who believe that the consequences of non-compliance with COVID-19 prevention policies are definite are more inclined to adhere to them compared to those who do not perceive the consequences as certain. To test this hypothesis, we invited 354 students from five universities in northwestern Nigeria to participate in our study. The findings of our study confirmed that individuals were more likely to adhere to COVID-19 prevention measures implemented by universities in Nigeria when they were motivated by the fear of potential consequences. Additionally, our research revealed that the level of certainty regarding punishment plays a crucial role in influencing individuals’ compliance with COVID-19 prevention policies, particularly in relation to their fear of potential consequences. Lastly, we explored the practical implications and potential avenues for future research.
Ethnic inequities in type of breast cancer surgery in Aotearoa/New Zealand - which factors contribute?
Authors: Boyle Leah , Lawrenson Ross , Nosa Vili , Campbell Ian , Tin Sandar Tin
Published: December 2023

Purpose
Aotearoa/New Zealand (NZ) faces ethnic inequities with respect to breast cancer survival and treatment. This study establishes if there are ethnic differences in i. type of surgery and ii. receipt of radiotherapy (RT) following breast conserving surgery (BCS), among women with early-stage breast cancer in NZ.
Methods
This analysis used Te Rēhita Mata Ūtaetae (Breast Cancer Foundation National Register), a prospectively maintained database of breast cancers from 2000–2020. Logistic regression models evaluated ethnic differences in type of surgery (mastectomy or BCS) and receipt of RT with sequential adjustment for potential contributing factors. Subgroup analyses by treatment facility type were undertaken.
Results
Of the 16,228 women included, 74% were NZ European (NZE), 10.3% were Māori, 9.4% were Asian and 6.2% were Pacific. Over one-third of women with BCS-eligible tumours received mastectomy. Asian women were more likely to receive mastectomy than NZE (OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.39, 1.90) as were wāhine Māori in the public system (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.44) but not in the private system (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.51, 1.21). In women undergoing BCS, compared to NZE, Pacific women overall and wāhine Māori in the private system were respectively 36% and 38% less likely to receive RT (respective OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.83 and 0.62; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.98).
Conclusion
A significant proportion of women with early-stage breast cancer underwent mastectomy and significant ethnic inequities exist. NZ guidelines require revisiting to facilitate standardized and equitable surgical management of early-stage breast cancer.
Exploring the Engineering Potential of Crushed Burnt Bricks as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete Applications
Authors: J Selwyn Babu , devolla Hemanth
Published: December 2023

Concrete, a fundamental element in contemporary construction, plays a crucial role in infrastructure development, consisting of fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, cement, and water. However, concerns have risen regarding the overuse of natural aggregates, leading to the depletion of traditional construction materials. This study investigates the engineering feasibility of replacing coarse aggregate with crushed burnt bricks in concrete formulations. Various replacement percentages (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 100% by volume) are explored to achieve specified targets in strength and durability. The evaluation includes workability, hardened density, compressive strength, flexural strength, and water penetration depth, maintaining a consistent water/cement ratio of 0.49 and strategically utilizing chemical admixtures to enhance performance.
The results indicate a decrease in slump and flexural strength with increasing replacement percentages, a 3% reduction in hardened density at 30% replacement, and an increased water penetration depth. The concrete mix, designed for M25 grade, undergoes extensive testing, revealing a trade-off between workability and strength beyond a 20% replacement threshold. This research emphasizes the importance of exploring the engineering potential of crushed burnt bricks as a substitute for conventional coarse aggregates, contributing to environmental conservation and reducing reliance on traditional resources.
New Frameworks of PFM for Thermal Fracturing in The Linear Thermoelasticity Solids Based on a Microforce Balance Approach
Authors: Alfat Sayahdin
Published: December 2023

Crack propagation due to thermal expansion is one of the multi-physics problems which be a concern to many researchers. Therefore, we study thermal fracturing using the phase field model (or, PFM). Here, the new models to study thermal fracturing in linear thermoelasticity solids are proposed through PFM. Herein, the damage evolution equation is directly derived through the microforce balance approach or the Gurtin concept, while the heat evolution equation is derived through the first principle of thermodynamics. Furthermore, the thermodynamic consistency of the model is shown by Clausius-Duhem inequality. In particular, the Gurtin concept and the first principle of thermodynamics follow the entropy, internal energy, Helmholtz free energy, and energy dissipation functions which are based on the Biot of thermoelasticity model and the Ambrosio-Tortorelli regularization. Since our models are based on the microforce balance approach, we also derive the PFM for crack propagation which was proposed by Kimura and Takaishi via this approach. In the present study, we validate our proposed PFMs through several numerical experiments. Herein, we solve the numerical experiments using the adaptive finite element method. From these, good agreements are achieved between our models and the previous model.
Cyberincivility among Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Evidence
Authors: Kim Joy , Scroggins Jihye Kim , Ledbetter Leila , De Gagne Jennie Chang
Published: December 2023

Background:
The ubiquitous use of social media places adolescents at high risk for cyberincivility (disrespectful, insensitive, or disruptive online behaviors). Adolescents who experience cyberincivility can have mental health issues including depression and suicidal ideation. However, no reviews have explored qualitative evidence of cyberincivility among adolescents, which was the aim of this review.
Methods:
ENTREQ statement was used as a reporting guideline. 12 articles were extracted from MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Education Full Text. The study qualities were assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. A meta-ethnographic framework guided the thematic analysis.
Findings:
Five main themes were identified from the 11 articles deemed credible: forms of cyberincivility, platforms used for cyberincivility, perceptions and understanding of cyberincivility, adverse impact on health, and perceptions of seeking support. Findings suggest that social media was often used for cyberincivility, and common forms of cyberincivility included impersonation, aggressive verbal behaviors, and social exclusion.
Implications for School Health:
Schools have opportunities to efficiently reach both perpetrators and victims of cyberincivility with anti-cyberincivility programs rooted in trust building and engagement from family, community, and peers.
Conclusions
Considering the negative impact of cyberincivility on adolescents’ physical and mental well-being, it is important to develop anti-cyberincivility programs in schools.
Kehitysyhteistyön mieli ja mielettömyys: Suomalaiset Apumaassa 1965–2000
Authors: Kuhanen Jan , Harju Kaisa , Hokkanen Markku
Published: December 2023

Meaning, Doubt, Memories. Finns in Aidland 1965–2000 The book approaches the history of Finnish development cooperation through the experiences of development aid workers. At its core is a small group of Finns (experts and officials from different fields) who have worked with international development aid in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Their memories and experiences, together with diverse archival material offer an interesting window into the world of development (cooperation), or “Aidland”, from the 1960s to the turn of the millennium. The research focuses on the personal motives and experiences of Finnish aid workers from the 1960s to the 2000s. The book offers perspectives on the historical construction of Aidland since the 1940s and on the gradual integration of Finland and the Finns into its structures. It describes the mindset of the first two generations of aid workers and the factors that made them interested in developing countries. The book follows their education, their first contacts with Aidland, adaptation to work and conditions, returning home and the challenges that come with it. The study gives the reader a view of the power positions, hierarchies and contradictions in Aidland and development cooperation, which at times led Finns to reassess their motives and justify to themselves the meaningfulness of the entire undertaking. Through their experiences, the book also deals with the less-known side of development cooperation, such as corruption, prejudices, and opposition to development projects, as well as their occasionally unwanted consequences in partner/recipient countries. It also sheds light on the effects of the Aidland experience on an individual’s worldview and identity. The book is an academic study suitable for a wide audience, from university students to ordinary readers interested in development cooperation. The book helps to understand both the history of development and the construction of multi-level connections of Finnish society with the countries of the Global South. It is therefore also ideally suited for readers interested in the development of Finland’s internationalization in the late twentieth century. For its part, the book contributes to wider public debates on development cooperation.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE FORMAS SEMÂNTICAS E FORMAS PLÁSTICAS: UMA ANÁLISE SEMIÓTICA DE DESENHOS
Authors: Camargo Nathália de Oliveira , Faria Edna Silva
Published: December 2023

O mundo é visto pelas pessoas de maneira distinta. É a partir disso que são elaboradas as diferentes representações artísticas. Os artistas mostram a sua própria interpretação e promovem uma reflexão no interlocutor. O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo corpora plásticos, desenhos de um artista brasileiro contemporâneo. A realização da análise adota como linha de pesquisa a teoria semiótica francesa de Greimas (1973), apresentamos as pesquisas de autores que conceituam o percurso gerativo de sentido e seus níveis. No que se refere ao estudo dos objetos semissimbólicos, a base se constrói a partir de Pietroforte (2020, 2021) e, para a semiótica visual, em Floch (1993). Este trabalho apresenta como objetivo estudar o processo semiótico e as categorias da semiótica plástica presentes nos corpora selecionados. A análise tem a finalidade de compreender a relevância das denúncias sociais presentes nas obras. A metodologia é de abordagem qualitativa, caráter bibliográfico e de análise de corpora. Este trabalho é mais um exemplo de que qualquer material textual pode se tornar um objeto para uma análise semiótica. Conseguimos analisar o semissimbolismo, além de apresentar as reflexões nos desenhos. Este artigo se encerra com a perspectiva de que as imagens são obras riquíssimas e proporcionam uma reflexão sobre ser humano e ocupar um lugar no mundo.
Equívocos conceituais são difíceis de morrer
Authors: Menezes João Paulo Cunha de
Published: December 2023

Desde a sua criação, os Estilos de Aprendizagem (E.A) ganharam popularidade entre professores, pesquisadores e o público em geral. No entanto, esses estilos têm sido fortemente criticados por pesquisadores que afirmam que eles carecem de evidências que apoiem sua eficácia. Considerando o exposto, proponho neste trabalho analisar a compressão da conceituação bem como os meios de identificação dos Estilos de Aprendizagem de professores da educação básica de ciências e biologia no Distrito Federal. Para esse propósito, foi aplicado um questionário composto por perguntas abertas e fechadas. As respostas foram analisadas por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva. Após análise dos dados, foi possível observar que 60% dos professores afirmaram que fazem uso dos E.A no contexto de sala de aula. Os principais E.A observados foram conceituados dentro da estrutura visual-auditivo, bem como o estilo proposto por David Kolb e as Inteligências Múltiplas de Gardner.
Natural Excipients: Role in Nano Drug Delivery System
Authors: Jirwankar Pranita , Agrawal Surendra , Shaikh Fuzail , Borse Kadambari
Published: December 2023

Background::

Excipients are increasingly employed in novel dosage forms to accomplish
specialized roles, and they also directly or indirectly alter the extent and rate of drug release and
absorption. The trend toward using plant-based and natural goods has raised demand and, in some
ways, replaced synthetic additives with natural ones. Natural and semisynthetic materials offer various
advantages over synthetic materials since they are chemically inert, less toxic, less expensive,
biodegradable, increase product shelf life, and are widely accessible.

Objectives::

This review aims to cover the natural excipients’ role in nanoformulations and associated
prospects.

Methods::

More than 500 manuscripts were collected from ScienceDirect, PubMed, google, and
other sources; however the manuscripts were excluded based on their relevance to the subject and
finally 80 manuscripts were analyzed for the data.

Results::

The substation of synthetic lipids with natural and semisynthetic for developing lipid-based
nano drug delivery, and the use of gelatin and chitosan in developing encapsulated and nano particulates
are a few examples to understand the above-mentioned transition.

Conclusion::

This review provides an overview of the types of excipients used in the formulation of
novel drug delivery systems with special emphasis on their characteristics, safety aspects, benefits
associated, and common methods through, which they are employed in nanoformulations.
Efficacy of the Fixation Index of Bithermal Caloric Test for Differentiating Brain Lesions in Vestibular Disoder
Authors: Lee Young Jae , Baek Wonyong , Cho Sung-Il , Nam Gi-Sung
Published: December 2023

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the efficacy of the fixation index (FI) of the bithermal caloric test for differentiating brain lesions in vestibular disorder.Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 286 consecutive dizzy patients who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the bithermal caloric test at department of otorhinolarnygology. Central vestibulopathy (CVP) was defined as when corresponding lesion was identified on brain MRI, otherwise peripheral vestibulopathy (PVP) was defined. The FI was defined as the mean slow phase velocity (SPV) with fixation divided by the mean SPV without fixation, and failure was indicated when the FI exceeded 70%.Results: The CVP confirmed by brain MRI and PVP were 16.8% and 83.2%, respectively. The most common CVPs were cerebellopontine angle tumor (n=19, 39.6%) and chronic cerebellar infarction (n=18, 37.5%). There were 23 cases of CVP (47.9%) and 47 cases of PVP (19.7%) with abnormal number of FI in at least two of the four caloric irrigations. The FI score of right cool (RC), left cool (LC), and right warm (RW) were also increased significantly in patients with CVP (p=0.031 at RCFI, p=0.014 at LCFI, p=0.047 at RWFI, and p=0.057 at LWFI; Mann-Whitney U-test).Conclusions: If two or more abnormal FIs are detected during bithermal caloric testing, there is a high likelihood of CVP. Consequently, additional brain MRI may be necessary for further evaluation.