Model of Teaching and Learning Management according to the Four Noble Truths for Primary School Students under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration
Authors: Et al. Phrakhupalad Sak Mahāvīro (Kosolsuphawat) 
Published: February 2021

The objectives of this research articles were 1) to study problems and obstacles in teaching and learning management according to the Four Noble Truths for primary school students under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, 2) to study the process of learning and teaching development according to the Four Noble Truths for primary school students under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, and 3) to propose a model of teaching and learning management according to the Four Noble Truths for primary school students under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. Mixed methods research was used for the design. Quantitative data was collected from 345 samples and analyzed by descriptive statistics using percentage, mean and standard deviation and qualitative data were collected by interview 10 key informants and focus group discussion with 10 experts. The results of the research showed that 1) conditions, problems and obstacles in teaching and learning according to the Four Noble Truths of primary school students in the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, it was found in 5 aspects which were (1) curriculum, (2) learning process, (3) learning and teaching materials, (4) learning activities, and (5) assessment. Considering each aspect in descending order showed that learning activity was shown at a high level of opinion. In teaching materials, it was found at a high level of opinion, and the curriculum was at a high level. The learning process was at a moderate level of opinion, and in assessment was at a low level, respectively. 2) The process of learning and teaching development according to the Four Noble Truths through 5development processes which were  the 1st Process was suffering (problem determination) problem condition and cause of suffering, the 2nd process was a cause or hypothesis, development of analysis and the process of finding suffering, the 3rd process was results, collecting data and experimental methods to prove the hypothesis, there was a planning to solve the problem, the 4th process was solution to develop an analysis according to the principle categorize data to classify problems, and the 5th process was to summarize the results of integrated learning with the Four Noble Truths. 3) A model of  teaching and learning management according to the Four Noble Truths was proposed 5 STEPS LEARNING which consisted of Model 1 was to search for knowledge, formulate problems and ask questions; Model 2 was to make hypotheses, analyze causes of problems, and seek the cause of suffering particularly teaching form; Model 3 was a method of thinking, creating a learning model in connection with objectives to concept to cause and effect, building knowledge from concept, theory and practice, and distinguish categories sort data that  links through various processes; Model 5 was to summarize from 4 models according to the Four Noble Truths which could be utilized for the peaceful integrated Buddhist education for sustainability