bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capacitor voltage synchronising control‐based VSG scheme for inertial and primary frequency responses of Type‐4 WTGs
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhou Xinyuan , Ouyang Sen
Published: May 2018

This study proposes a capacitor voltage synchronising control‐based virtual synchronous generator (CVS‐VSG) scheme for the inertial and primary frequency responses of type‐4 wind turbine generators (WTGs) in wind power‐dominated power systems. The CVS‐VSG scheme is realised on type‐4 WTGs based on the equations of motion of capacitor voltages. The type‐4 WTGs are controlled as VSGs to emulate the inertial and primary frequency responses of conventional SGs. Active load sharing between Type‐4 WTGs is achieved by a governor with capacitor voltage droop characteristics. Modal analysis was carried out on a test system with 73.58% wind power penetration. Simulation studies were undertaken to evaluate the performance of the CVS‐VSG scheme on the test system subject to large disturbances.
Islanding detection scheme for distributed generation systems using modified reactive power control strategy
Authors: Mishra Prajna Parimita , Bhende Chandrashekhar N.
Published: May 2018

The reactive power control (RPC)‐based technique is a promising solution for islanding detection. The existing RPC‐based islanding detection techniques have limitations of injecting unwanted reactive power during normal operation, almost same detection time for various percentage of unbalance in load and false detection of islanding for small disturbances when steady‐state frequency is close to its threshold limit. To overcome the first limitation, the phase angle (θ) between the actual and nominal point of common coupling (PCC) voltage is added to the reference reactive power signal of the controller. The angle (θ) has zero value during normal system operation and increases prominently after islanding. To obtain proportionately faster detection for various percentage of unbalanced load conditions, the positive sequence PCC voltage is used in the detection scheme. Owing to major power imbalance between generation and load at steady state, the frequency may come close to its threshold. Under this situation, even a small disturbance will drag the frequency beyond threshold and false islanding detection will occur. To overcome this problem, discrete wavelet transform analysis of θ is considered in the decision‐making criteria. The proposed scheme is tested for islanding conditions as well as under various non‐islanding events.
High aperture efficient slot antenna surrounded by the cavity and narrow corrugations at Ka‐band and Ku‐band
Authors: Alkaraki Shaker , Gao Yue , Parini Clive
Published: May 2018

A design criterion for a small, compact, high‐aperture‐efficient antenna is proposed in this study. The proposed criterion is validated experimentally through fabricating and testing two prototypes for Ku‐band and Ka‐band applications. The proposed antenna design consists of a resonance slot perforated in an aluminium plate and surrounded by a cavity and two corrugations. The proposed Ku‐band antenna has an aperture efficiency of 74.3% and a measured gain of 12.2 dBi at 13 GHz, while the Ka‐band antenna resonates at 28.5 GHz with a peak aperture efficiency of 78% and a gain of 12.9 dBi. The gain of both antennas is dramatically boosted by the radiation from the cavity and corrugations, resulting in a significant enhancement in the aperture efficiency.
Size of a plasma cloud matters
Authors: Nilsson H. , Gunell H. , Karlsson T. , Brenning N. , Henri P. , Goetz C. , Eriksson A. I. , Behar E. , Stenberg Wieser G. , Vallières X.
Published: May 2018

Context. The cometary ionosphere is immersed in fast flowing solar wind. A polarisation electric field may arise for comets much smaller than the gyroradius of pickup ions because ions and electrons respond differently to the solar wind electric field.

Aims. A situation similar to that found at a low activity comet has been modelled for barium releases in the Earth’s ionosphere. We aim to use such a model and apply it to the case of comet 67P Churyumov-Gerasimenko, the target of the Rosetta mission. We aim to explain the significant tailward acceleration of cometary ions through the modelled electric field.

Methods. We obtained analytical solutions for the polarisation electric field of the comet ionosphere using a simplified geometry. This geometry is applicable to the comet in the inner part of the coma as the plasma density integrated along the magnetic field line remains rather constant. We studied the range of parameters for which a significant tailward electric field is obtained and compare this with the parameter range observed.

Results. Observations of the local plasma density and magnetic field strength show that the parameter range of the observations agree very well with a significant polarisation electric field shielding the inner part of the coma from the solar wind electric field.

Conclusions. The same process gives rise to a tailward directed electric field with a strength of the order of 10% of the solar wind electric field. Using a simple cloud model we have shown that the polarisation electric field, which arises because of the small size of the comet ionosphere as compared to the pick up ion gyroradius, can explain the observed significant tailward acceleration of cometary ions and is consistent with the observed lack of influence of the solar wind electric field in the inner coma.
Impact de l’agriculture climato-intelligente sur les stocks de carbone organique du sol à Madagascar
Authors: Razafimbelo Tantely Maminiaina , Andriamananjara Andry , Rafolisy Tovonarivo , Razakamanarivo Herintsitohaina , Masse Dominique , Blanchart Eric , Falinirina Marie-Virginie , Bernard Laetitia , Ravonjiarison Nasandratra , Albrecht Alain
Published: May 2018

L’agriculture climato-intelligente (Climate Smart Agriculture) vise à lutter contre le changement climatique et à s’y adapter tout en combattant l’insécurité alimentaire. À Madagascar, différentes pratiques agricoles ont été testées depuis une vingtaine d’années par des organisations non gouvernementales et des institutions de recherche afin d’accroître les rendements, maintenir la fertilité des sols et augmenter les revenus des ménages. Ces pratiques sont l’agriculture de conservation, l’agroforesterie et l’utilisation d’intrants ou d’amendements organiques comme le compost ou le fumier. Cette étude a pour objet de documenter les impacts de quelques pratiques d’agriculture climato-intelligente sur le stockage du carbone dans le sol. Les résultats montrent que le stock de carbone des sols varie fortement d’une pratique à l’autre. Pour l’agriculture de conservation, la différence de stock varie de 0 à 1,82 Mg C ha−1 an−1par rapport à la pratique traditionnelle (labour et exportation des résidus). Pour l’agroforesterie, la différence de stock entre des systèmes rizicoles sous girofliers et des pratiques de riziculture sur brûlis est de 0,68 Mg C ha−1 an−1. L’utilisation d’apports organiques comme le fumier, le compost ou les déchets urbains a induit des augmentations de carbone du sol de 0,16, 0,81 et 0,42 Mg C ha−1 an−1, mais les effets de ces apports organiques ne sont pas significatifs du fait de la très grande variabilité inter-parcellaire des stocks mesurés. Les pratiques d’agriculture climato-intelligente permettent ainsi d’augmenter la teneur en carbone du sol et ont donc des potentiels d’atténuation du changement climatique, mais ce potentiel est très variable selon la pratique considérée. Un éventuel impact à l’échelle du pays dépendra de l’étendue de l’adoption de ces différentes pratiques.
Future Opportunities at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams
Authors: Sherrill Bradley M.
Published: May 2018

This paper overviews the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, FRIB, its construction status at the time of the conference, and its scientific program. FRIB is based on a high-power, heavy-ion, superconducting linear accelerator that is designed to deliver at least 400kW at 200 MeV/u for all stable-ion beams and produce a large fraction of all possible isotopes of the elements. A three-stage fragment separator will separate rare isotope beams for use in experiments at high energy or stopped and reaccelerated to up to 10MeV/u. The facility is expected to have first beams in 2021. An overview of the planned scientific program, experimental capabilities, and equipment initiatives are presented.
Nuclear astrophysics at Gran Sasso Laboratory: the LUNA experiment
Authors: Cavanna Francesca
Published: May 2018

LUNA is an experimental approach for the study of nuclear fusion reactions based on an underground accelerator laboratory. Aim of the experiment is the direct measurement of the cross section of nuclear reactions relevant for stellar and primordial nucleosynthesis. In the following the latest results and the future goals will be presented.
Covariant density functional theory: predictive power and first attempts of a microscopic derivation
Authors: Ring Peter
Published: May 2018

We discuss systematic global investigations with modern covariant density functionals. The number of their phenomenological parameters can be reduced considerable by using microscopic input from ab-initio calculations in nuclear matter. The size of the tensor force is still an open problem. Therefore we use the first full relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock calculations in finite nuclear systems in order to study properties of such functionals, which cannot be obtained from nuclear matter calculations.
Single-particle states vs. collective modes: friends or enemies ?
Authors: Otsuka T. , Tsunoda Y. , Togashi T. , Shimizu N. , Abe T.
Published: May 2018

The quantum self-organization is introduced as one of the major underlying mechanisms of the quantum many-body systems. In the case of atomic nuclei as an example, two types of the motion of nucleons, single-particle states and collective modes, dominate the structure of the nucleus. The collective mode arises as the balance between the effect of the mode-driving force (e.g., quadrupole force for the ellipsoidal deformation) and the resistance power against it. The single-particle energies are one of the sources to produce such resistance power: a coherent collective motion is more hindered by larger spacings between relevant single particle states. Thus, the single-particle state and the collective mode are “enemies” against each other. However, the nuclear forces are rich enough so as to enhance relevant collective mode by reducing the resistance power by changing single-particle energies for each eigenstate through monopole interactions. This will be verified with the concrete example taken from Zr isotopes. Thus, the quantum self-organization occurs: single-particle energies can be self-organized by (i) two quantum liquids, e.g., protons and neutrons, (ii) monopole interaction (to control resistance). In other words, atomic nuclei are not necessarily like simple rigid vases containing almost free nucleons, in contrast to the naïve Fermi liquid picture. Type II shell evolution is considered to be a simple visible case involving excitations across a (sub)magic gap. The quantum self-organization becomes more important in heavier nuclei where the number of active orbits and the number of active nucleons are larger.
Studying collective nuclear excitations with fast neutrons: a comparison of 76Ge and 76Se
Authors: Yates Steven W. , Mukhopadhyay Sharmistha , Crider Benjamin P. , Peters Erin E.
Published: May 2018

The low-lying, low-spin level structures of 76Ge and 76Se were studied with the (n,n'γ) reaction. Gamma-ray excitation function and angular distribution measurements were performed, and level spins, level lifetimes, γ-ray intensities, and multipole mixing ratios were determined. Large observed B(E2) values support the identification of low-lying band structures.
Lifetime measurements in A∼100 nuclei using LaBr3(Ce) arrays.
Authors: Bruce A.M.
Published: May 2018

The region of the nuclear chart around neutron-rich A∼100 nuclei is one where prolate and oblate nuclear shapes are predicted to be in close competition. An indirect measurement of the shape of the nucleus can be obtained from measuring level lifetimes which relate, via transition rates, to β2 deformation. In order to make measurements of level lifetimes in the sub nanosecond range an array of 36 LaBr3(Ce) detectors has been constructed for use at the FAIR facility in Darmstadt, Germany. This presentation will give an overview of the array and examples of its use in commissioning experiments at the RIKEN Nishina Center in Japan and the Argonne National Laboratory in the USA.
Studies of positive-parity low-spin states in the A = 150 region
Authors: Bark Robert , Li Zhipan , Majola Siyabonga , Sharpey-Schafer John , Shi Zhi , Zhang Shuangquan
Published: May 2018

A systematic investigation of low-lying levels of nuclides in the mass 150 region has been undertaken at iThemba LABS. An extensive set of data on the low-lying, positive-parity bands in the nuclides between N = 88 and 92 and Sm to Yb has been obtained from γ-γ coincidence measurements following fusion-evaporation reactions optimized of the population of low-spin states. The energies and electromagnetic properties of the so-called β- and γ-bands of nuclei in this region have been compared with the solutions of a five dimensional collective Hamiltonian for quadrupole vibrational and rotational degrees of freedom, with moments-of-inertia and mass parameters determined by constrained self-consistent relativistic mean-field calculations using the PC-F1 relativistic functional. Some of the results of this comparison are presented here.
Shell model description of heavy nuclei and abnormal collective motions
Authors: Qi Chong
Published: May 2018

In this contribution I present systematic calculations on the spectroscopy and electromagnetic transition properties of intermediate-mass and heavy nuclei around 100Sn and 208Pb. We employed the large-scale configuration interaction shell model approach with realistic interactions. Those nuclei are the longest isotopic chains that can be studied by the nuclear shell model. I will show that the yrast spectra of Te isotopes show a vibrational-like equally spaced pattern but the few known E2 transitions show rotational-like behaviour. These kinds of abnormal collective behaviors cannot be reproduced by standard collective models and provide excellent background to study the competition of single-particle and various collective degrees of freedom. Moreover, the calculated B(E2) values for neutron-deficient and heavier Te isotopes show contrasting different behaviours along the yrast line, which may be related to the enhanced neutron-proton correlation when approaching N=50. The deviations between theory and experiment concerning the energies and E2 transition properties of low-lying 0+ and 2+ excited states and isomeric states in those nuclei may provide a constraint on our understanding of nuclear deformation and intruder configuration in that region.
Triaxial deformations in neutron-rich nuclei with Z = 41 – 46, A ~ 100 – 116 based on prompt fission γ spectroscopy
Authors: Luo Y.X. , Hamilton J.H. , Rasmussen J.O. , Ramayya A.V. , Frauendorf S. , Wang E. , Hwang J.K. , Zhu S.J. , Liu Y.X. , Xu F.R. , Sun Y. , Liu S.H. , Oganessian Yu. , C. Ma W.
Published: May 2018

The paper reviews the systematic studies of triaxial deformations, new mode excitations and shape evolutions with regard to triaxial deformation in the neutron-rich nuclei with Z = 41-46, A~100-116.
Studying Nuclear Structure at the extremes with S3
Authors: Piot Julien
Published: May 2018

The in-depth study of the regions of Superheavy elements and the proton drip line around 100Sn are two major challenges of today’s Nuclear Physics. Performing detailed spectroscopic studies on these nuclei requires a significant improvement of our detection capabilities. The Super-Separator-Spectrometer S3 is part of the SPIRAL2 facility at GANIL. Its aim is to use the high stable beam currents provided by the new LINAC to reach rare isotopes by fusion-evaporation.
Attempt to connect the nuclear charge radii with the experimental α decay data for superheavy nuclei
Authors: Qian Yibin
Published: May 2018

Significant progresses have been made so far for the synthesis of the heaviest elements, while the knowledge of them appears to be quite limited even when it comes to basic properties, e.g., their size. On the other side, the observation of α decay chains is the main tool to identify the newly produced elements. In this report, we propose to make use of the available experimental α decay data to extract the nuclear charge radii of superheavy nuclei. Within the density dependent cluster model, the nucleon density distribution of the target nucleus is determined by exactly reproducing the measured α decay half-life of its parent, finally leading to the nuclear radii. Encouraged by the agreement between theory and experiment for heavy nuclei, we extend the study to the region of superheavy nuclei as well.
Masses and lifetimes for r-process nucleosynthesis: FRIB outlook
Authors: Surman Rebecca , Mumpower Matthew
Published: May 2018

Nuclear masses and lifetimes are key inputs for calculations of rapid neutron capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis. Masses and half-lives for thousands of nuclei from the valley of stability to the neutron drip line are required and only a fraction have been experimentally measured. Here we examine the promise of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, now under construction at Michigan State University, to dramatically reduce uncertainties in r-process abundance patterns due to uncertain masses and half-lives.
Production of neutron-rich nuclei approaching r-process by gamma-induced fission of 238U at ELI-NP
Authors: Mei Bo , Balabanski Dimiter , Constantin Paul , Anh Le Tuan , Viet Cuong Phan
Published: May 2018

The investigation of neutron-rich exotic nuclei is crucial not only for nuclear physics but also for nuclear astrophysics. Experimentally, only few neutron-rich nuclei near the stability have been studied, however, most neutron-rich nuclei have not been measured due to their small production cross sections as well as short half-lives. At ELI-NP, gamma beams with high intensities will open new opportunities to investigate very neutron-rich fragments produced by photofission of 238U targets in a gas cell. Based on some simulations, a novel gas cell has been designed to produce, stop and extract 238U photofission fragments. The extraction time and efficiency of photofission fragments have been optimized by using SIMION simulations. According to these simulations, a high extraction efficiency and a short extraction time can be achieved for 238U photofission fragments in the gas cell, which will allow one to measure very neutron-rich fragments with short half-lives by using the IGISOL facility proposed at ELI-NP.
A geometry for the shell model
Authors: Van Isacker P.
Published: May 2018

A geometric interpretation is given of matrix elements of a short-range interaction between states that are written in terms of aligned neutron–proton pairs.
Endoscopic mucosa-sparing lateral dissection for treatment of gastric submucosal tumors: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Li Yue , Zhang Qiang , Zhu Chaojun , Luo Yuchen , Han Zelong , Qing Haitao , Cai Jianqun , Li Ling , Huang Ying , Liu Side
Published: May 2018

Background In our previous work, we developed a modified method for the removal of gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs), called endoscopic mucosa-sparing lateral dissection (EMSLD). This prospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and postoperative outcomes of EMSLD.

Methods We prospectively enrolled 25 consecutive patients with gastric SMTs, who received EMSLD treatment. Clinicopathological characteristics and operation-related outcomes were analyzed.

Results The mean age of patients was 49.3 ± 9.7 years, and the mean tumor size was 14.6 ± 6.1 mm. En bloc resection was achieved in all cases. The mean procedure time was 47.3 ± 25.9 minutes, and the estimated blood loss was 4.8 ± 3.5 mL. Endoscopic full-thickness resection was performed in six patients (24 %) because the tumors originated from the deep muscularis propria layer. All perforations and resection defects were successfully closed by the retained mucosa and endoclips. No serious complications related to EMSLD were encountered during or after the procedure.

Conclusions EMSLD was reliable and effective for the removal of gastric SMTs. However, large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed.
Visible-Light-Driven Oxidation of N-Alkylamides to Imides Using Oxone/H2O and Catalytic KBr
Authors: Lu Wenjun , Mei Chong , Hu Yixin
Published: May 2018

Imides are prepared conveniently by visible-light-driven oxidations of various N-alkylamides under mild conditions. The majority of the reactions proceed efficiently by using Oxone as the oxidant in the presence of a catalytic amount of KBr in H2O/CH2Cl2 under irradiation by an 8 W white LED at room temperature. Experimental studies suggest that an imine, obtained from the substrate amide via a radical process, is the key intermediate.
Lower Extremity Limb Salvage with Cross Leg Pedicle Flap, Cross Leg Free Flap, and Cross Leg Vascular Cable Bridge Flap
Authors: Manrique Oscar J. , Bishop Sarah N. , Ciudad Pedro , Adabi Kian , Martinez-Jorge Jorys , Moran Steven L. , Huang Tony , Vijayasekaran Aparna , Chen Shih-heng , Chen Hung-chi
Published: May 2018

Background Lower extremity salvage following significant soft tissue loss can be complicated by lack of recipient vessel for free tissue transfer. We describe our experience in lower limb salvage for patients with no recipient vessels with the use of pedicle, free and cable bridge flaps.

Methods A retrospective review from 1985 to 2017 of patients undergoing lower limb salvage using a contralateral pedicle cross leg (PCL) flaps, free cross leg (FCL) flaps, or free cable bridge (FCB) flaps was conducted. Demographics, etiology of the reconstruction, type of flap used, donor-site vessels, defect size, operating time, time of pedicle division, length of hospital stay, time to ambulation, and complications were analyzed.

Results A total of 53 patients (48 males and 5 females) with an average age of 35 years (range, 29–38 years) were identified. The etiology for the reconstruction was trauma in 52 patients and oncological resection in 1 patient. There were 18 PCL, 25 FCL, and 10 FCB completed. The recipient vessels for all flaps were the posterior tibial artery and vein. The average operating room times for PCL, FCL, and FCB flaps were 4, 9, and 10 hours, respectively. The average length of hospital stay was 5 weeks and average time to ambulation was 4 weeks. The average follow-up time was 7.5 years (range, 3–12 years). Complications encountered were hematoma (six), prolonged pain (six), total flap loss (two), reoperation (five), and infection (four). Limb salvage rates were 96.2%.

Conclusion When ipsilateral limb vessels are not available, and other reconstructive options have been exhausted, cross leg flaps can be a viable option for limb salvage in the setting of extensive defects.
Phase-Transition-Induced Pattern Formation Applied to Basic Research on Homeopathy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Scherr Claudia , Bodrova Natalia Borisovna , Baumgartner Stephan , Kokornaczyk Maria
Published: May 2018

Background Methods based on phase-transition-induced pattern formation (PTPF) are increasingly used in medical research. Frequent application fields are medical diagnosis and basic research in homeopathy. Here, we present a systematic review of experimental studies concerning PTPF-based methods applied to homeopathy research. We also aimed at categorizing the PTPF methods included in this review.

Materials and Methods Experimental studies were collected from scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Russian eLibrary) and from experts in the research field in question, following the PRISMA guidelines. The studies were rated according to pre-defined scientific criteria.

Results The review included 15 experimental studies. We identified seven different PTPF methods applied in 12 experimental models. Among these methods, phase-transition was triggered through evaporation, freezing, or solution, and in most cases led to the formation of crystals. First experimental studies concerning the application of PTPF methods in homeopathic research were performed in the first half of the 20th century; however, they were not continued in the following years. Only in the last decade, different research groups re-launched the idea, introducing new experimental approaches and computerized pattern evaluation techniques. The here-identified PTPF methods are for the first time proposed to be classified as one group of methods based on the same basic physical phenomenon.

Conclusions Although the number of experimental studies in the area is still rather limited, the long tradition in the application of PTPF methods and the dynamics of the present developments point out the high potential of these methods and indicate that they might meet the demand for scientific methods to study potentized preparations.
Functional form for the leading correction to the distribution of the largest eigenvalue in the GUE and LUE
Authors: Forrester Peter J. , Trinh Allan K.
Published: May 2018

The neighbourhood of the largest eigenvalue λmax in the Gaussian unitary ensemble (GUE) and Laguerre unitary ensemble (LUE) is referred to as the soft edge. It is known that there exists a particular centring and scaling such that the distribution of λmax tends to a universal form, with an error term bounded by 1/N2/3. We take up the problem of computing the exact functional form of the leading error term in a large N asymptotic expansion for both the GUE and LUE—two versions of the LUE are considered, one with the parameter a fixed and the other with a proportional to N. Both settings in the LUE case allow for an interpretation in terms of the distribution of a particular weighted path length in a model involving exponential variables on a rectangular grid, as the grid size gets large. We give operator theoretic forms of the corrections, which are corollaries of knowledge of the first two terms in the large N expansion of the scaled kernel and are readily computed using a method due to Bornemann. We also give expressions in terms of the solutions of particular systems of coupled differential equations, which provide an alternative method of computation. Both characterisations are well suited to a thinned generalisation of the original ensemble, whereby each eigenvalue is deleted independently with probability (1 − ξ). In Sec. V, we investigate using simulation the question of whether upon an appropriate centring and scaling a wider class of complex Hermitian random matrix ensembles have their leading correction to the distribution of λmax proportional to 1/N2/3.
Optimum performance of electron beam pumped GaAs and GaN
Authors: Afify M. S. , Moslem W. M. , Hassouba M. A. , Abu-El Hassan A.
Published: May 2018

This paper introduces a physical solution in order to overcome the damage to semiconductors, due to increasing temperature during the pumping process. For this purpose, we use quantum hydrodynamic fluid equations, including different quantum effects. This study concludes that nonlinear acoustic waves, in the form of soliton and shock-like (double layer) pulses, can propagate depending on the electron beam temperature and the streaming speed. Therefore, one can precisely tune the beam parameters in order to avoid such unfavorable noises that may lead to defects in semiconductors.
Semiclassical initial value theory of rotationally inelastic scattering: Some remarks on the phase index in the interaction picture
Authors: Bonnet L.
Published: May 2018

This paper deals with the treatment of quantum interferences in the semiclassical initial value theory of rotationally inelastic scattering in the interaction picture. Like many semiclassical methods, the previous approach involves a phase index related to sign changes of a Jacobian whose square root is involved in the calculations. It is shown that replacing the original phase index by a new one extends the range of applicability of the theory. The resulting predictions are in close agreement with exact quantum scattering results for a model of atom-rigid diatom collision involving strong interferences. The developments are performed within the framework of the planar rotor model, but are readily applicable to three-dimensional collisions.
The cultural implications of growth: Modeling nonlinear interaction of trait selection and population dynamics
Authors: Antoci Angelo , Galeotti Marcello , Russu Paolo , Sacco Pier Luigi
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we study a nonlinear model of the interaction between trait selection and population dynamics, building on previous work of Ghirlanda et al. [Theor. Popul. Biol. 77, 181–188 (2010)] and Antoci et al. [Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 58, 92–106 (2018)]. We establish some basic properties of the model dynamics and present some simulations of the fine-grained structure of alternative dynamic regimes for chosen combinations of parameters. The role of the parameters that govern the reinforcement/corruption of maladaptive vs. adaptive traits is of special importance in determining the model's dynamic evolution. The main implication of this result is the need to pay special attention to the structural forces that may favor the emergence and consolidation of maladaptive traits in contemporary socio-economies, as it is the case, for example, for the stimulation of dysfunctional consumption habits and lifestyles in the pursuit of short-term profits.
Deriving uniform semiclassical approximations for one-dimensional fermionic systems
Authors: Ribeiro Raphael F. , Burke Kieron
Published: May 2018

A complete derivation is provided of the uniform semiclassical approximations to the particle and kinetic energy densities of N noninteracting bounded fermions in one dimension. The employed methodology allows the inclusion of non-perturbative quantum effects, including tunneling and quantum oscillations, via an infinite resummation of the Poisson summation formula. We explore the analytic behavior, physical meaning, and the relationship between the semiclassical uniform approximations for the fermionic kinetic energy and particle densities.
Evaluation of different flamelet tabulation methods for laminar spray combustion
Authors: Luo Yujuan , Wen Xu , Wang Haiou , Luo Kun , Fan Jianren
Published: May 2018

In this work, three different flamelet tabulation methods for spray combustion are evaluated. Major differences among these methods lie in the treatment of the temperature boundary conditions of the flamelet equations. Particularly, in the first tabulation method (“M1”), both the fuel and oxidizer temperature boundary conditions are set to be fixed. In the second tabulation method (“M2”), the fuel temperature boundary condition is varied while the oxidizer temperature boundary condition is fixed. In the third tabulation method (“M3”), both the fuel and oxidizer temperature boundary conditions are varied and set to be equal. The focus of this work is to investigate whether the heat transfer between the droplet phase and gas phase can be represented by the studied tabulation methods through a priori analyses. To this end, spray flames stabilized in a three-dimensional counterflow are first simulated with detailed chemistry. Then, the trajectory variables are calculated from the detailed chemistry solutions. Finally, the tabulated thermo-chemical quantities are compared to the corresponding values from the detailed chemistry solutions. The comparisons show that the gas temperature cannot be predicted by “M1” with only a mixture fraction and reaction progress variable being the trajectory variables. The gas temperature can be correctly predicted by both “M2” and “M3,” in which the total enthalpy is introduced as an additional manifold. In “M2,” variations of the oxidizer temperature are considered with a temperature modification technique, which is not required in “M3.” Interestingly, it is found that the mass fractions of the reactants and major products are not sensitive to the representation of the interphase heat transfer in the flamelet chemtables, and they can be correctly predicted by all tabulation methods. By contrast, the intermediate species CO and H2 in the premixed flame reaction zone are over-predicted by all tabulation methods.
Magnetic-field-induced crossover from the inverse Faraday effect to the optical orientation in EuTe
Authors: Pavlov V. V. , Pisarev R. V. , Nefedov S. G. , Akimov I. A. , Yakovlev D. R. , Bayer M. , Henriques A. B. , Rappl P. H. O. , Abramof E.
Published: May 2018

A time-resolved optical pump-probe technique has been applied for studying the ultrafast dynamics in the magnetic semiconductor EuTe near the absorption band gap. We show that application of external magnetic field up to 6 T results in crossover from the inverse Faraday effect taking place on the femtosecond time scale to the optical orientation phenomenon with an evolution in the picosecond time domain. We propose a model which includes both these processes, possessing different spectral and temporal properties. The circularly polarized optical pumping induces the electronic transition 4f75d0→4f65d1 forming the absorption band gap in EuTe. The observed crossover is related to a strong magnetic-field shift of the band gap in EuTe at low temperatures. It was found that manipulation of spin states on intrinsic defect levels takes place on a time scale of 19 ps in the applied magnetic field of 6 T.
Electrical-field-induced magnetic Skyrmion ground state in a two-dimensional chromium tri-iodide ferromagnetic monolayer
Authors: Liu Jie , Shi Mengchao , Mo Pinghui , Lu Jiwu
Published: May 2018

Using fully first-principles non-collinear self-consistent field density functional theory (DFT) calculations with relativistic spin-orbital coupling effects, we show that, by applying an out-of-plane electrical field on a free-standing two-dimensional chromium tri-iodide (CrI3) ferromagnetic monolayer, the Néel-type magnetic Skyrmion spin configurations become more energetically-favorable than the ferromagnetic spin configurations. It is revealed that the topologically-protected Skyrmion ground state is caused by the breaking of inversion symmetry, which induces the non-trivial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) and the energetically-favorable spin-canting configuration. Combining the ferromagnetic and the magnetic Skyrmion ground states, it is shown that 4-level data can be stored in a single monolayer-based spintronic device, which is of practical interests to realize the next-generation energy-efficient quaternary logic devices and multilevel memory devices.
Contact angle hysteresis and oil film lubrication in electrowetting with two immiscible liquids
Authors: Gao J. , Mendel N. , Dey R. , Baratian D. , Mugele F.
Published: May 2018

Electrowetting (EW) of water drops in ambient oil has found a wide range of applications including lab-on-a-chip devices, display screens, and variable focus lenses. The efficacy of all these applications is dependent on the contact angle hysteresis (CAH), which is generally reduced in the presence of ambient oil due to thin lubrication layers. While it is well-known that AC voltage reduces the effective contact angle hysteresis (CAH) for EW in ambient air, we demonstrate here that CAH for EW in ambient oil increases with increasing AC and DC voltage. Taking into account the disjoining pressure of the fluoropolymer-oil-water system, short range chemical interactions, viscous oil entrainment, and electrostatic stresses, we find that this observation can be explained by progressive thinning of the oil layer underneath the drop with increasing voltage. This exposes the droplet to the roughness of the underlying solid and thereby increases hysteresis.
Detection of Electronic Coherence via Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy in Condensed Phase
Authors: Weng Yu-xiang
Published: May 2018

Two dimensional Fourier transform electronic spectroscopy (2DES) in the visible region enables direct observation of complex dynamics of molecules including quantum coherence in the condensed phase. This review aims to provide a bridge between the principles and intuitive physical description of 2DES for tutorial purpose. Special emphasis is laid upon how 2DES circumvents the restrictions from both uncertainty principle and the wave-packet collapse during the coherent detection, leading to the successful detection of the coherence in terms of energy difference between the eigenstates showing as the quantum beats; then upon the possible mixing among the pure electronic transition, single-mode and multi-mode coupled vibronic transition leading to the observed beating phenomena. Finally, recent advances in experimentally distinguishing between the electronic coherence and the vibrational coherence are briefly discussed.
Quantum Dynamics of Oxyhydrogen Complex-Forming Reactions for the HO2 and HO3 Systems
Authors: Zuo Jun-xiang , Hu Xi-xi , Xie Dai-qian
Published: May 2018

Complex-forming reactions widely exist in gas-phase chemical reactions. Various complex-forming bimolecular reactions have been investigated and interesting phenomena have been discovered. The complex-forming reactions usually have small or no barrier in the entrance channel, which leads to obvious differences in kinetic and dynamic characteristics compared with direct reactions. Theoretically, quantum state-resolved reaction dynamics can provide the most detailed microscopic dynamic mechanisms and is now feasible for a direct reaction with only one potential barrier. However, it is of great challenge to construct accurate potential energy surfaces and perform accurate quantum dynamics calculations for a complex polyatomic reaction involving deep potential wells and multi-channels. This paper reviews the most recent progress in two prototypical oxyhydrogen complex-forming reaction systems, HO2 and HO3, which are significant in combustion, atmospheric, and interstellar chemistry. We will present a brief survey of both computational and experimental work and emphasize on some unsolved problems existing in these systems.
Inheriting power: Somaliland’s political institutions and the 2017 presidential election
Authors: Ylönen Aleksi
Published: May 2018

This briefing sheds light on Somaliland’s political institutions, election dynamics and candidates who contested the state leadership in the 2017 presidential election. It argues that in spite of recurrent postponing of parliamentary elections, the 2017 presidential election has shown that Somaliland’s democratic process and legitimacy of its political institutions have remained relatively strong in the otherwise politically unstable neighbourhood.
Development of a bonding interface between steel/steel and steel/Ni by ultrasonic welding
Authors: Nambu Shoichi , Seto Kengo , Lin Jhe-Yu , Koseki Toshihiko
Published: May 2018

Ultrasonic welding is a solid-state welding technique that can bond materials at a relatively low temperature and pressure. In this study, steel/steel and steel/Ni combinations were successfully bonded by ultrasonic welding, and the development of the bonding interface was examined. The bonding strength was obtained by a lap shear test and increased with welding time, as did the fraction of bonded area observed by SEM. The bonding process sequence was investigated by SEM and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis of a cross-section at the bonding interface. It was revealed that abrasion is caused by oscillation to form small particles consisting of steel and Ni and that the particles are grown and subsequently flattened with welding time. Bonding is achieved by the flattened particles spreading along the bonding interface without any voids.
Integration of logistic regression and multicriteria land evaluation to simulation establishment of sustainable paddy field zone in Indramayu Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Nahib Irmadi , Suryanta Jaka , Niedyawati  , Kardono Priyadi , Turmudi  , Lestari Sri , Windiastuti Rizka
Published: May 2018

Ministry of Agriculture have targeted production of 1.718 million tons of dry grain harvest during period of 2016-2021 to achieve food self-sufficiency, through optimization of special commodities including paddy, soybean and corn. This research was conducted to develop a sustainable paddy field zone delineation model using logistic regression and multicriteria land evaluation in Indramayu Regency. A model was built on the characteristics of local function conversion by considering the concept of sustainable development. Spatial data overlay was constructed using available data, and then this model was built upon the occurrence of paddy field between 1998 and 2015. Equation for the model of paddy field changes obtained was: logit (paddy field conversion) = - 2.3048 + 0.0032*X1 – 0.0027*X2 + 0.0081*X3 + 0.0025*X4 + 0.0026*X5 + 0.0128*X6 – 0.0093*X7 + 0.0032*X8 + 0.0071*X9 – 0.0046*X10 where X1 to X10 were variables that determine the occurrence of changes in paddy fields, with a result value of Relative Operating Characteristics (ROC) of 0.8262. The weakest variable in influencing the change of paddy field function was X7 (paddy field price), while the most influential factor was X1 (distance from river). Result of the logistic regression was used as a weight for multicriteria land evaluation, which recommended three scenarios of paddy fields protection policy: standard, protective, and permissive. The result of this modelling, the priority paddy fields for protected scenario were obtained, as well as the buffer zones for the surrounding paddy fields.
Strongly ergodic actions have local spectral gap
Authors: Marrakchi Amine
Published: May 2018

We show that an ergodic measure preserving action

Γ
↷
(
X
,
μ
)

\Gamma \curvearrowright (X,\mu )

of a discrete group

Γ
\Gamma

on a

σ
\sigma

-finite measure space

(
X
,
μ
)

(X,\mu )

satisfies the local spectral gap property introduced in Invent. Math. 208 (2017), 715–802, if and only if it is strongly ergodic. In fact, we prove a more general local spectral gap criterion in arbitrary von Neumann algebras. Using this criterion, we also obtain a short proof of Connes’ spectral gap theorem for full

I
I

1

\mathrm {II}_1

factors as well as its recent generalization to full type

I
I
I

\mathrm {III}

factors.
SoS Notebook: an interactive multi-language data analysis environment
Authors: Peng Bo , Wang Gao , Ma Jun , Leong Man Chong , Wakefield Chris , Melott James , Chiu Yulun , Du Di , Weinstein John N
Published: May 2018

Motivation

Complex bioinformatic data analysis workflows involving multiple scripts in different languages can be difficult to consolidate, share and reproduce. An environment that streamlines the entire processes of data collection, analysis, visualization and reporting of such multi-language analyses is currently lacking.

Results

We developed Script of Scripts (SoS) Notebook, a web-based notebook environment that allows the use of multiple scripting language in a single notebook, with data flowing freely within and across languages. SoS Notebook enables researchers to perform sophisticated bioinformatic analysis using the most suitable tools for different parts of the workflow, without the limitations of a particular language or complications of cross-language communications.

Availability and implementation

SoS Notebook is hosted at http://vatlab.github.io/SoS/ and is distributed under a BSD license.
Analysis of extremum value theorems for function spaces in optimal control under numerical uncertainty
Authors: Osinenko P , Streif S
Published: May 2018

The extremum value theorem for function spaces plays the central role in optimal control. It is known that computation of optimal control actions and policies is often prone to numerical errors which may be related to computability issues. The current work addresses a version of the extremum value theorem for function spaces under explicit consideration of numerical uncertainties. It is shown that certain function spaces are bounded in a suitable sense, i.e., they admit finite approximations up to an arbitrary precision. The proof of this fact is constructive in the sense that it explicitly builds the approximating functions. Consequently, existence of approximate extremal functions is shown. Applicability of the theorem is investigated for finite-horizon optimal control, dynamic programming and adaptive dynamic programming. Some possible computability issues of the extremum value theorem in optimal control are shown on counterexamples.
Using mobile location data in biomedical research while preserving privacy
Authors: Goldenholz Daniel M , Goldenholz Shira R , Krishnamurthy Kaarkuzhali B , Halamka John , Karp Barbara , Tyburski Matthew , Wendler David , Moss Robert , Preston Kenzie L , Theodore William
Published: May 2018

Location data are becoming easier to obtain and are now bundled with other metadata in a variety of biomedical research applications. At the same time, the level of sophistication required to protect patient privacy is also increasing. In this article, we provide guidance for institutional review boards (IRBs) to make informed decisions about privacy protections in protocols involving location data. We provide an overview of some of the major categories of technical algorithms and medical–legal tools at the disposal of investigators, as well as the shortcomings of each. Although there is no “one size fits all” approach to privacy protection, this article attempts to describe a set of practical considerations that can be used by investigators, journal editors, and IRBs.
Frequency and Abundance of Selected Early-Season Insect Pests of Cotton
Authors: Allen K Clint , Luttrell Randall G , Sappington Thomas W , Hesler Louis S , Papiernik Sharon K
Published: May 2018

The use of insecticides at planting has been a common crop management practice in cotton for several decades. Historically, U.S. cotton growers relied on in-furrow applications of insecticides, such as aldicarb, to control early-season insect pests. In-furrow applications have largely been replaced with insecticide-treated seed. Since 2012, more than 60% of the U.S. cotton crop is planted with seed treated with insecticide, primarily the neonicotinoids imidacloprid or thiamethoxam. Several insects or insect groups are included on the labels of these neonicotinoids for use as seed treatments. An increased understanding of the risks associated with economically injurious populations of insect pests is needed to optimize use of early-season insecticides and reduce over-reliance on them in cotton, especially when initial decisions for insect control before planting have subsequent influence on future pest abundance. Existing literature pertaining to these early-season cotton insect pests was examined to identify factors favoring their distribution and abundance and the importance of insect control tactics used at planting. The relative importance of some of these pests is dependent on the cotton-growing region and impacted by local production practices. Thrips (predominantly Frankliniella spp.) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) are the most prevalent early-season insect group in cotton across the United States and the primary target of initial insect control. Other targeted insects include the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), aphids (predominantly Aphis gossypii Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), plant bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae), and wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae).