bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric synthesis of Au–CdSe core–semishell nanorods for plasmon-enhanced visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Peng-Fei , Chen Kai , Ma Song , Wang Wei , Qiu Yun-Hang , Ding Si-Jing , Liang Shan , Wang Qu-Quan
Published: November 2019

By controlling the content of Cd2+, lateral Au–CdSe heterorods with better photocatalytic properties under visible light were synthesized.
Protein encapsulation: a new approach for improving the capability of small-molecule fluorogenic probes
Authors: Han Hai-Hao , Sedgwick Adam C. , Shang Ying , Li Na , Liu Tingting , Li Bo-Han , Yu Kunqian , Zang Yi , Brewster James T. , Odyniec Maria L. , Weber Maria , Bull Steven D. , Li Jia , Sessler Jonathan L. , James Tony D. , He Xiao-Peng , Tian He
Published: November 2019

Herein, we report a protein-based hybridization strategy that exploits the host–guest chemistry of HSA (human serum albumin) to solubilize the otherwise cell impermeable ONOO− fluorescent probe Pinkment-OAc.
Supramolecular assembly of bent dinuclear amphiphilic alkynylplatinum(ii) terpyridine complexes: diverse nanostructures through subtle tuning of the mode of molecular stacking
Authors: Leung Sam Ka-Ming , Chan Alan Kwun-Wa , Leung Sammual Yu-Lut , Leung Ming-Yi , Yam Vivian Wing-Wah
Published: November 2019

A new class of bent amphiphilic alkynylplatinum(ii) terpyridine complexes was found to adopt different modes of molecular stacking to give diverse nanostructures.
Compression-induced anti-nematic order in glassy and semicrystalline polymers
Authors: Jabbari-Farouji Sara , Vandembroucq Damien
Published: November 2019

The glassy and semicrystalline polymers under extension align with the tensile axis and exhibit a nematic order, whereas under compression polymers reorganize to lie in planes perpendicular to the compressive axis resulting in the emergence of a novel anti-nematic order.
Tumor suppressor properties of the small C-terminal domain phosphatases in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Krasnov George S. , Puzanov Grigory A. , Afanasyeva Marina A. , Dashinimaev Erdem B. , Vishnyakova Khava S. , Beniaminov Artemy D. , Adzhubei Alexei A. , Kondratieva Tatiana T. , Yegorov Yegor E. , Senchenko Vera N.
Published: November 2019

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is responsible for the majority of deaths caused by cancer. Small C-terminal domain (CTD) phosphatases (SCP), CTDSP1, CTDSP2 and CTDSPL (CTDSPs) belong to SCP/CTDSP subfamily and are involved in many vital cellular processes and tumorigenesis. High similarity of their structures suggests similar functions. However their role in NSCLC remains insufficiently understood. For the first time we revealed the suppressor function of CTDSPs leading to a significant growth slowdown and senescence of A549 lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) cells in vitro. Their tumor-suppressive activity can be realized through increasing the proportion of the active form of Rb protein dephosphorylated at Ser807/811, Ser780, and Ser795 (P<0.05) thereby negatively regulating cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, we observed that a frequent (84%, 39/46) and highly concordant (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rs) = 0.53–0.62, P≤0.01) down-regulation of CTDSPs and RB1 is characteristic of primary NSCLC samples (n=46). A clear difference in their mRNA levels was found between lung ADCs with and without lymph node metastases, but not in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) (P≤0.05). Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data and the results obtained using the CrossHub tool, we suggest that the well-known oncogenic cluster miR-96/182/183 could be a common expression regulator of CTDSPs. Indeed, according to our qPCR, the expression of CTDSPs negatively correlates with these miRs, but positively correlates with their intronic miR-26a/b. Our results reflect functional association of CTDSP1, CTDSP2, and CTDSPL, expand knowledge about their suppressor properties through Rb dephosphorylation and provide new insights into the regulation of NSCLC growth.
Association of vitamin E on the risk of ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Leng Youxu , Zhou Hairong , Meng Fanjing , Tian Tian , Xu Jianying , Yan Fengjuan
Published: November 2019

Many researches were conducted to assess the association of vitamin E intake on the risk of ovarian cancer, with conflict results. The current meta-analysis of published observational studies aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin E intake on ovarian cancer risk. The summary relative risks (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to measure the effectiveness of vitamin E intake on ovarian cancer risk using a random-effects model. As a result, 14 studies including 4597 patients were identified. Eleven studies reported about total vitamin E intake, eight studies about vitamin E intake from food only and five studies about vitamin E intake from supplement only on the risk of ovarian cancer. Overall, the summary RRs on ovarian cancer risk was 0.95 (95%CIs = 0.78–1.16) in total vitamin E intake, 0.99 (95%CIs = 0.77–1.27) in vitamin E intake from food only and 0.82 (95%CIs = 0.54–1.25) in vitamin E intake from supplement only. Results in subgroup analyses by study design and geographic location were consistent with overall result. In conclusions, the findings of this meta-analysis suggested that high intake of vitamin E from food or vitamin E supplement had no significant effect on the risk of ovarian cancer.
Security‐constrained transmission expansion planning using linear sensitivity factors
Authors: Mehrtash Mahdi , Kargarian Amin , Rahmani Mohsen
Published: November 2019

Formulating power flow equations with linear sensitivity factors (LSFs) reduces the number of variables and constraints, and consequently, the computational burden of power systems’ optimisation problems. This study proposes a transformative, computationally efficient model for transmission expansion planning (TEP). While the existing TEP models use bus voltage angles, the proposed TEP takes advantages of LSFs to formulate an optimisation. LSFs allow to omit voltage angles from the formulation and replace all nodal power balance constraints by one equivalent constraint. Thus, the proposed model includes less number of variables and constraints compared with the classical angle‐based model. These features significantly reduce computational costs of TEP and enhance its scalability, especially for large‐scale systems. Load and generation uncertainties are modelled using a data‐driven approach, and N − 1 security criteria are taken into account to ensure system security. All equations under normal and N − 1 conditions are considered using data of the complete network graph. Simulation results show that the proposed model provides the same results as the conventional angle‐based model while being much faster (more than 58% based on the authors’ case studies) and computationally more efficient.
Robust reliable fault tolerant control of islanded microgrids using augmented backstepping control
Authors: Mahdian Dehkordi Nima , Nekoukar Vahab
Published: November 2019

This study proposes a novel fault tolerant voltage control method considering actuator faults and disturbances by using the backstepping control augmented by a new differentiator for islanded microgrids (MGs). Existing voltage control methods are designed based on the ideal condition that the distributed generations' actuators work healthily with the assumption of the absence of faults and disturbances, whereas MGs are exposed to the actuator faults including partial loss of effectiveness and biased faults. The proposed controller robustly regulates the MG voltages irrespective of the actuator faults. In contrast to existing methods, the controller has considered both actuator faults and loads with harmonic/interharmonic currents, which does not need to know the exact model of faults and frequency of harmonic and interharmonic of MG loads. This feature enables the MG to work properly, even at the lowest level, instead of the system completely collapsing. Therefore, it improves the reliability of the MG system. The MATLAB/SimPowerSystems toolbox has verified the validity of the proposed fault tolerant control method. Compared with effective methods, both the theoretical and simulation results show that the proposed method has better, robust, resilient, acceptable, and desirable performance, with respect to the unknown faults, actuator faults, non‐linear loads, and disturbances.
Bright Lyman-α emitters among Spitzer SMUVS galaxies in the MUSE/COSMOS field
Authors: Rosani G. , Caminha G. B. , Caputi K. I. , Deshmukh S.
Published: November 2019

We search for the presence of bright Lyα emitters among Spitzer SMUVS galaxies at z >  2.9 making use of homogeneous MUSE spectroscopic data. Although these data only cover a small region of COSMOS, MUSE has the unique advantage of providing spectral information over the entire field, without the need of target pre-selection. This results in an unbiased detection of all the brightest Lyα emitters among the SMUVS sources, which by design are stellar-mass selected galaxies. Within the studied area, ∼14% of the SMUVS galaxies at z >  2.9 have Lyα fluxes Fλ ≳ 7 × 10−18 erg s−1 cm−2. These Lyα emitters are characterized by three types of emission, 47% show a single-line profile, 19% present a double peak or a blue bump, and 31% show a red tail. One object (3%) shows both a blue bump and a red tail. We also investigate the spectral energy distribution (SED) properties of the SMUVS galaxies that are MUSE detected and those that are not. After stellar mass matching the two populations, we find that the MUSE detected galaxies have generally lower extinction than SMUVS-only objects, while there is no clear intrinsic difference in the mass and age distributions of the two samples. For the MUSE-detected SMUVS galaxies, we compare the instantaneous star formation rate lower limit obtained from the Lyα line with its past average derived from SED fitting, and find evidence for rejuvenation in some of our oldest objects. In addition, we study the spectra of those Lyα emitters that are not detected in SMUVS in the same field. We find that of the emission line profiles shown 67% have a single line, 3% a blue bump, and 30% a red tail. The difference in profile distribution could be ascribed to the fainter Lyα luminosities of the MUSE sources not detected in SMUVS and an intrinsically different mass distribution. Finally, we search for the presence of galaxy associations using the spectral redshifts. The integral coverage of MUSE reveals that these associations are 20 times more likely than what is derived from all the other existing spectral data in COSMOS, which is biased by target pre-selection.
Development of multistage energy recovery system for gyrotrons
Authors: Trofimov Pavel , Louksha Oleg
Published: November 2019

A four-stage depressed collector based on spatial separation of electrons with different energies in the crossed electric and magnetic fields was developed for the experimental SPbPU gyrotron. Modeling of the system of electron energy recovery and analysis of the distributions of electric and magnetic fields in the gyrotron collector region were performed. As a result of the theoretical estimations and the trajectory analysis of the helical electron beam, it is shown that the developed system provides recovery of the residual electron energy necessary to achieve the total efficiency of the gyrotron exceeding 70 %.
Special aspects of using a new non-stationary random processes analysis approach in the conditions of a priori uncertainty of the useful signal function
Authors: Marchuk Vladimir
Published: November 2019

The paper considers the use of a new method of signal processing in the time domain under conditions of a limited amount of a priori information about the useful signal function and the statistical characteristics of additive noise. Research have shown its high efficiency in processing signals both local and global, using it to detect anomalous measurements, eliminating the systematic component in the case of a onesided law of the distribution of additive noise and a number of others.
Algorithms for aircraft track optimization in flexible routing
Authors: Skrypnik Oleg N. , Netchaev Evgenii E. , Arefyeva Natalya G. , Arefyev Roman O.
Published: November 2019

The authors consider the problem of optimization of aircraft flight tracks in air traffic management (ATM) on basis of flexible routing technologies which involve the use of satellite navigation systems (SNS). It is shown that in optimizing a trajectory it is necessary to take into account the accuracy of track holding in flight which depends on accuracy of the navigation system and external flight path disturbances, e.g. wind. For solving the problem of optimization the authors propose to use the theory of graphs. The technique of constructing a dynamic SNS accuracy field and representing it as a graph was developed. It is proposed that the SNS field could be characterized by geometric dilution of precision changing both in space and in time. Based on the theory of graphs (A-star algorithm) the technique of constructing a trajectory of optimal length under conditions of SNS accuracy variations and external flight path disturbances is proposed. The criterion of optimization based on minimizing the true track is offered. The cost function taking into account the track holding accuracy in navigating by SNS and effects of external flight disturbances is justified. The article represents the results of A-star algorithm application for optimal flight track construction under conditions of SNS accuracy field variation and presence of prohibited zones in the provide zone of airspace
Inertial navigation system based on national electronic components
Authors: Chelyshev Leonid
Published: November 2019

The article describes the need and aspects of creating an inertial positioning system on the Russian component base. Description graphic material and elemental support with the report of its use within the project are given.
Algorithm for automated visual inspection of MMIC using a classifier based on neural networks
Authors: Shiryaev Boris , Bezruk Aleksey , Argunov Dmitry , Yushchenko Aleksey
Published: November 2019

We present the algorithm for automated visual inspection of microwave monolithic integrated circuits (MMIC) using computer vision and artificial neural networks. The artificial neural network classifies each pixel of a microphotograph to a certain photomask area. The algorithm detects defectiveness of an MMIC according to classification result and photomask comparison.
The use of random process models and machine learning to analyze the operation of a taxi order service
Authors: Andriyanov Nikita , Sonin Vladislav
Published: November 2019

The possibilities of constructing an effective forecast of the number of taxi service orders based on mathematical models are considered. A comparative analysis of the variances of forecasting errors for various stochastic models and models based on fuzzy logic is carried out. It is shown that the best estimates are provided by the doubly stochastic model, as well as by the fuzzy Sugeno model.
Optimal signal processing algorithm at the background of non-Gaussian flicker noise
Authors: Parshin Alexander , Parshin Yury
Published: November 2019

The problem of receiving and processing ultra-low-power signals of information transmission systems is being solved. High requirements for energy efficiency on the one hand and a low information transfer rate allows the use of signals with a small spectrum width, including flicker noise spectral regions. A non-Gaussian flicker noise model is used based on a stochastic differential equation with a nonlinear drift coefficient. An optimal signal processing algorithm is being developed against the background of the sum of flicker noise and thermal noise based on an estimated-correlation-compensation approach. The analysis of the effectiveness of optimal signal processing against a background of non-Gaussian flicker noise and thermal noise is carried out.
The method of array antenna constructive synthesis on the basis of neural network approach
Authors: Mishchenko Sergey , Shatskiy Vitaliy , Litvinov Alexey , Eliseev Denis
Published: November 2019

The method to decision constructive synthesis of array antennas was conducted. The method usefull when antenna elements can be in discreste states (for example: active element, passive element, excluded item, active element with discrete nominal of output power e.t.c). The method is based on neural network approach. The structure of a neural network consist of a classifying neural network and several approximating neural networks is substantiated. Input signals correspond to phase centers of array antenna elements. Number of output signals in classifying part is equal to discrete status of antenna element. Each approximating part of network has one output signal wich correspond to continious meaning. Separate parts of network preliminary learning with error back propagation method. The genetic algorithm of neural network learning with limited number of training coefficients is proposed. Examples of solving problems of constructive synthesis, with different indicators of the quality of neural network training are given.
Digital beamform simulation in anechoic chamber
Authors: Dobychina Elena , Snastin Mikhail
Published: November 2019

The results of digital beamform simulation, principles of processing and use of the obtained experimental data are presented. Methods were developed and an experimental setup was created for full- scale modeling and measurement of the characteristics of digital antenna systems with spatio-temporal signal processing at the Scientific and Production Center for Radio Information Metrology of the Moscow Aviation Institute (SPC RIM MAI).
Aspects of design antennas for radio occultation method of ionosphere diagnostics
Authors: Generalov Alexander , Gadzhiev Elchin , Shmachilin Pavel , Polushkovskiy Yuri , Skripachev Vladimir , Tumanov Mihael
Published: November 2019

The ionosphere is the ionized part of Earth's upper atmosphere, from about 60 km to 1,000 km altitude, a region that includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. The ionosphere is ionized by solar radiation. It plays an important role in atmospheric electricity and forms the inner edge of the magnetosphere. It has practical importance because, among other functions, it influences radio propagation to distant places on the Earth. The region below the ionosphere is called neutral atmosphere, or neutrosphere. In this paper aspects of design antennas for radio occultation method of ionosphere diagnostics are presented.
Design of patch active electronically scanned antenna for 5G communication system
Authors: Snegur Dmitriy , Schekaturin Andrey
Published: November 2019

The article deals with the research and design results of an active electronically scanned antenna (AESA) based on beamforming BiCMOS monolithic integrated circuit (MIC) and patch antenna radiators. The operating frequency band is sub-6 GHz. MIC design is at the stage of transferring files to the manufacture and verification of integrated circuit parameters. In this regard, the current task is the antenna radiators design, that is the main focus of this paper.
Antenna system with omnidirectional radiation pattern for systems with phase algorithms of direction finding
Authors: Zhuravlev Alexander , Golovkov Alexander , Terenteva Polina , Malyshev Victor , Shmyrin Michail , Stenyukov Nikolay
Published: November 2019

Ommidirectional in azimuth plane antennas with horizontal polarization are used in communication systems of McWILL standard, digital television systems of DVB-T2 standard, radio monitoring systems, semi-active ranging using the target illumination with the television broadcast signal, and many other cases. In many cases, radar and radio monitoring systems use phase methods to determine the azimuth and elevation angle of the target. To view all azimuthal angles, ring arrays consisting of omnidirectional emitters, usually also represented by ring arrays, are used. This paper studies the characteristics of an omnidirectional radiating element of electrically small horizontal dipole elements. An expression is derived that relates the radius of the dipole ring array to the number of dipoles and the variation of the resulting radiation pattern. The results are confirmed by experimental studies.
Broadband slot stripline antenna for high-precision positioning by signals of global navigational satellite systems
Authors: Shepov Vladimir , Vladimirov Valery , Kondratyev Alexander , Borisov Vladimir
Published: November 2019

We present the results of the development of a new broadband slot stripline leaky wave antenna intended for high-precision positioning by signals of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) in the following bands: GLONASS L1/L2/L3, GPS L1/L2/L5, GALILEO E5a/E5b/E6/E1, COMPASS B1/B2/B3.
A wide bandwidth emitter for Ku band antenna array application
Authors: Snastin Mikhail , Dobychina Elena
Published: November 2019

The results of electrodynamic simulation of a wide bandwidth antenna emitter for Ku band are presented. The emitter in question has two orthogonal linear polarizations and is designed on multilayer printed circuit board. The simulation results of a four-element antenna array based on that antenna element are also presented.
Straight waveguide to coaxial adapter of microwave and extremely high frequencies ranges
Authors: Kozlov Stanislav , Pavlov Sergei , Horoshilov Evgenij
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the results of electromagnetic modelling in the computer-aided design system and electrical parameters measurements of microwave band waveguide-to-coaxial adapters. Adapters are developed, manufactured and tested at Micran.
Comparison of inductances of brake resistor blocks for electric vehicles with spiral and tape resistive elements
Authors: Timofeev Anton , Shapovalov Alexander
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the calculated and experimental results of a comparison of two main types of brake resistor blocks structures. A mathematical model is given for finding the inductance of resistor blocks with spiral and tape resistive elements. Approaches had been carried out to determine the most advantageous configurations of the resistive unit in terms of minimizing its inductance value.
Split striplines with adjustable parameters and devices based on them
Authors: Malyutin Nickolay , Malyutina Alexandra , Malyutin Georgiy , Zabolotsky Alexander
Published: November 2019

The split strip lines (SSL) with adjustable parameters and examples of devices based on them are examined. Changing the parameters of the split strip lines are carried out with the help of so-called controlling strips, coupled with parts of the split strip line and having a strong electromagnetic coupling with them. Between controlling strips and the screen the lumped regulating elements are included. In wide frequency range such strip structures can be considered as transmission lines with changeable characteristic impedance and changeable propagation coefficient. Frequency analysis of of scattering matrix S of controlled split strip lines with different circuits of strip inclusion is carried out. Examples of the use of split strip lines with adjustable parameters in the design of different devices were discussed.
Set of measuring test fixtures for PCB materials research
Authors: Rakov Aleksei , Zhukov Vladimir , Kukanov Artem , Ukhandeev Vladimir
Published: November 2019

Designed and manufactured set of measuring test fixtures for printed circuit board (PCB) materials research and characterization is described in this article. Attention is paid to special designed test vehicle “General board” which includes six types of transmission lines that are used for PCB materials characterization by two measurement methods. Measurements of the frequency dependencies of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss for a number of the most widely used PCB substrates are presented. The comparison of the measurement results made by two measurement methods is also shown. The influence of the inhomogeneities of the PCB dielectric and some differences in the extracted material parameters data correlated with electro-magnetic fields structure in different transmission lines is demonstrated. In addition it is shown that measurements performed using “General board” can be used for characterization of the losses due to PCB surface plating.
Development of electrode structure for acoustic delay lines by using inject printing method
Authors: Smirnov Andrey , Kuznetsova Iren , Anisimkin Vladimir , Kolesov Vladimir
Published: November 2019

The results concerning to study of possibility to produce electrode structure of acoustic delay lines by using inject printing method are presented. The investigation of morphologic and structure characteristics of electrode structure produced has been carried out. The possibility of excitation of plate acoustic waves characterized by high value of electro-mechanical coupling coefficient by such acoustic delay lines has been demonstrated.
Selective EHF absorber based on BaFe12O19 hexaferrite
Authors: Dorozhkin Kirill V. , Kuleshov Grigorii E. , Badin Alexander V. , Gering Maxim O. , Simonova Kseniya V.
Published: November 2019

The results of the study of the electromagnetic response of the hexagonal ferrite composite BaFe12O19 in the frequency range 34–250 GHz at room temperature are presented. At a frequency of 46.5 GHz a region of natural ferromagnetic resonance was found. The possibility of creating a selective EHF absorber based on the developed material is shown.
Theoretical and experimental studies of highly selective planar two-dimensional Bragg structures based on dielectric waveguides in the terahertz frequency range
Authors: Ginzburg Naum , Peskov Nikolay , Zaslavsky Vladislav , Kocharovskaya Ekaterina , Malkin Andrey , Sergeev Alexander , Proyavin Michael , Sobolev Dmitry
Published: November 2019

Based on theoretical approach and three-dimensional modeling using the CST Microwave Studio code, planar dielectric two-dimensional Bragg structures in terahertz frequency range were developed and manufactured. Proof-of-principle electrodynamic experiments on the “cold” testing of these structures were carried out. It is shown that the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predicts, including the existence of the highest Q mode inside the Bragg reflection band in the absence of periodicity defects.
Development of technology for producing nanowires on LiNbO3 piezoelectric plate surface
Authors: Kolesov Vladimir , Kuznetsova Iren , Kashin Vadim , Melnikov Alexander , Soldatov Eugenii , Dagesyan Sarkis
Published: November 2019

Integration of nanostructures with acoustic delay lines within planar technologies give the chance of development the acoustonanoelectronic sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity. An initial step in this direction is investigation of interaction of tunnel nanostructures with acoustic piezoactive waves propagating in piezoelectric substrates. In this work the technology of nanowire production on the surface of lithium niobate plate has been developed. This technology is based on using electronic lithography method with help an electronic beam in a raster electronic microscope. The nanostructure consisting of nanowire with size 20nm x 180nm was placed in the center between IDTs of acoustic delay line. The volt-ampere characteristics of this nanowire in presence and at the absence of the acoustic wave were meazured by picoampermeter. The analysis has shown that presence of piezoactive acoustic wave is influenced on electric current in a nanowire.
Prediction of the electrical characteristics of heterostructural microwave devices with transverse current transfer based on a quantum-mechanical self-consistent model of a nanoscale channel with taking into account inter-valley scattering
Authors: Vetrova Natalia , Ivanov Yury , Kuimov Evgeny , Makeev Mstislav , Meshkov Sergey , Pchelintsev Kirill , Shashurin Vasily
Published: November 2019

A mathematical model of current transfer in AlGaAs- heterostructures with taking into account inter-valley dispersion and space charge in the process of degradation is presented. The developed computational algorithm is optimized by the criterion of temporal and spatial complexity. The relative deviation of the calculation results from the experimental data on the curvature of the initial portion of the current- voltage characteristic of the resonant tunnel diodes on AlGaAs- heterostructures is less than 3%.
Structure and conductive properties of C60 films and fullerene-containing materials deposited using aromatic and non-aromatic solvents
Authors: Mazinov Alim Seit-Ametovich , Shevchenko Alexey Ivanovich , Tyutyunik Andrey Sergeevich , Gurchenko Vladimir Sergeevich
Published: November 2019

Films of fullerenes and fullerene-containing materials have been synthesized from their solutions of various volumes in aromatic and non-aromatic solvents. The photographs and the sizes of the resulting microstructures have been presented. The comparison of IR spectra has been given. Specific conductivity values have been considered.
Experimental study silicon low-dimensional structures for generation of THz radiation
Authors: Miakonkikh Andrey , Rogozhin Alexander , Solyankin Petr , Rudenko Konstantin
Published: November 2019

Capabilities of precision technologies for manufacturing on SOI wafers of silicon low-dimensional structures for terahertz generation are investigated. The design of diode device based on array of silicon nanowires or on ultrathin (<10 nm) silicon layer are proposed. This generating silicon diode includes nano-sized elements with ballistic transport of carriers, which is coupled to a metal antenna made from silicide layer.
Long-term transient radiation effects in high-speed signal switches implemented in 0.1 um E/D pHEMT process
Authors: Kuznetsov Aleksander , Elesin Vadim , Usachev Nikolay , Chukov George
Published: November 2019

The transient radiation effects in 0.1 μm E/D pHEMT high-speed signal switches have been investigated. It was shown that a signal switch transient recovery time caused by pulsed irradiation can exceed 100 ms due to a switch control driver’s functional upset.
Long-term radiation effects in GaAs microwave devices exposed to pulsed ionizing radiation
Authors: Gromov Dmitry , Elesin Vadim
Published: November 2019

The investigation results of the GaAs microwave devices characteristics under pulse irradiation are presented. The study covers the field effect transistor with Schottky barrier, pseudomorphic high-electron mobility transistors and resonant tunnelling diodes implemented in GaAs technology processes. It has been demonstrated that GaAs MESFET, pHEMT and RTDs may show the long-term parameter recovery undo pulsed ionizing exposure.
Microwave diagnostics of the streamer zone of a long spark
Authors: Bogatov Nikolay , Syssoev Vladimir , Bulatov Marat , Sukharevsky Dmitry
Published: November 2019

Microwave diagnostics was first applied to the study of long spark and some new parameters of this discharge not available by the traditional experimental methods in this field were measured. The conditions of applicability of the method of measuring the high-frequency conductivity of the streamer zone by absorption of probing microwave radiation were theoretically analyzed.
Isothermal measurement of current-voltage characteristics of Gunn diodes with reflection of their discontinuities and hysteresis
Authors: Semyonov Edward , Malakhovskij Oleg
Published: November 2019

Requirements to the measuring setup are formulated, which make it possible obtaining isothermal current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the Gunn diode with reflection of their discontinuities, region of negative differential resistance, and hysteresis. The influence of the inductance of the test pulses, source on the occurrence of self-excitation in the connecting transmission line is investigated. The maximum permissible values of the inductance of the test signal source are indicated. Operation of the measuring circuit without self-excitation was experimentally achieved in most of the region with negative differential resistance. The isothermal I-V characteristics of the Gunn diode were measured with a controlled systematic error due to the comparing the measurement result with the developed model of the I-V characteristic.
Image acquisition using artificial microwave radio lightning
Authors: Dmitriev Alexander S. , Itskov Vadim V. , Petrosyan ManvelM. , Popov Maxim G. , Ryzhov Anton I.
Published: November 2019

The experimental analysis of image acquisition in microwave band is carried out in the article. Several radiolight lamps based on ultrawideband chaotic generators are used as multiple lightning sources. Spatial images are obtained with a help of narrow radiation pattern antenna scanning the area of interest. Compact items characterized by different electromagnetic properties were used as observation objects. It is shown that proposed method of image acquisition allows one to detect objects lit by artificial radiolight sources.
Wireless distance measurement by means of ultra-wideband chaotic radio pulses
Authors: Efremova Elena , Dmitriev Alexander , Kuzmin Lev , Petrosyan Manvel
Published: November 2019

A method for wireless distance measurement using ultrawideband chaotic radio pulses based on statistical analysis is proposed. Experimental results are discussed.
Justification of W-band FMCW radar functional blocks parameters using high-level system model
Authors: Kracvhenko Ivan , Vertegel Valeriy
Published: November 2019

The paper presents a high-level system model of a W-band frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar which allows to determine and optimize main parameters of radar functional blocks at the system calculation and simulation stage. The structure of two-level model in Matlab and Simulink environment is considered and its features are described. Results of the radar simulation and justification of main functional blocks parameters are presented on the example of a W-band single-chip automotive radar.
The application of high resolution terahertz gas spectroscopy for medical diagnostics based on the analysis of exhaled breath and biological liquid vapor
Authors: Vaks Vladimir , Chemyaeva Mariya , Anfertev Vladimir , Domracheva Elena , Garanina Oksana , Pripolzin Sergey , Yablokov Anton
Published: November 2019

The results of analysing the composition of gas and liquid vapor (urine, blood) samples of human organism components by the method of high resolution terahertz spectroscopy are presented. A number of substances that are products of thermal decomposition of blood components have been detected. The proposed approach is promising for creating a method of noninvasive medical diagnostics of pathologies and diseases, including socially significant ones.
Reference frequencies comb generation for microwave photonics ADC with signal spectral-interval estimation
Authors: Kulagin Victor , Cherepenin Vladimir , Kontorov Sergey , Prokhorov Denis , Valuev Victor
Published: November 2019

Formation of a reference frequency comb in a circuit comprising a highly stable continuous laser and an amplitude Mach- Zehnder modulator with two independent RF inputs working with large modulation index for use in a high-speed microwave photonics ADC with spectral-interval estimation is investigated by numerical simulation. In such ADCs, the entire spectrum of the input signal is divided by microwave photonics elements into spectral intervals, each of which uses a microwave photonics converter to transform the signal to an intermediate frequency (for each part of the spectrum of the microwave input signal, its own reference frequency is used for heterodyning). The requirements for a multimode source of optical reference frequencies for high-speed microwave photonics ADC are formulated. To study the characteristics of such a source, numerical modeling is carried out. It is shown that the frequency noise of the laser can be partially suppressed due to their compensation when converted to an intermediate frequency. Experimental study of the reference frequency comb generator layout showed a good agreement of the obtained characteristics with the results of numerical simulation.
Measurements of X-ray radiation of the Sun on the heliogeophysical measuring equipment of spacecraft of the Russian Hydrometheorological Service
Authors: Nusinov Anatoly , Minligareev Vladimir , Repin Andrey , Shirokov Igor
Published: November 2019

The characteristics of the equipment for monitoring X-ray solar radiation onboard geostationary satellites. A reference base for X-ray flux meters of the DIR-E was developed and experimental studies of the characteristics on the technological sample of the device were carried out. The calibration procedure of DIR-E for use in measurements on perspective space vehicles was also developed.
Modelling complex for surface radar images in the “distance-angle” coordinates
Authors: Markov Yury , Bokov Alexander , Vazhenin Vladimir
Published: November 2019

The mathematical modelling software complex of monostatic radar systems is discussed in the article. It is aimed to model of typical radar scenarios with various conditions of an electromagnetic waves reflection from terrain. The received signals are used to synthesize radar images (portraits) of surfaces. The structure of the modelling complex allows studying of single-channel and multi-channel synthetic aperture radars with pulse and continuous types of modulation of signals reflected from underlying surfaces of different types. The complex can be useful to simulate radar portraits of the surrounding radar scene’s objects in the native “distance-angle” coordinates, including the nadir direction of the antenna system. The portraits for cases of front-side looking by a wide- pattern antenna in two adjacent directions are modelled and evaluated in the article.
Superresolution in problems of remote sensing
Authors: Lagovsky Boris , Samokhin Alexander , Tripathy Malay
Published: November 2019

The analytical and numerical results of the development of new methods for obtaining the angular superresolution using partially known information about the source of signals are presented. Created high-speed algorithms allow you to use them in real time. The stability of the solutions obtained ensures adequate restoration of the radio images of objects. The noise immunity of the solutions obtained is higher than that of the known methods.
Adaptive wideband equalization for frequency dispersion correction in HF band considering variations in interference characteristics and ionosphere parameters
Authors: Ivanov Dmitry , Ivanov Vladimir , Ovchinnikov Vladimir , Elsukov Aleksey , Ryabova Maria
Published: November 2019

Paper presents the outcomes of the studies into the adaptive wideband equalization for frequency dispersion correction in HF band considering variations in interference characteristics and ionosphere parameters. The subject matter of the research were megahertz-bandwidth channels with single-hop F layer propagation mode. There are presented data on variations in the channel amplitude frequency response that are caused by the interference of magneto-ionic components (intramodal multipath). Test facility for carrying out full-scale experiments was developed with the use of Universal Software Radio Peripheral platform supported by the groundbreaking software-defined radio technology. Verification of the developed methods and algorithms was performed in the experiments on oblique sounding over the Cyprus-to-Yoshkar-Ola propagation path by the linearly frequency modulated continuous wave signal.
Method of spherical phase screens for the modeling of propagation of diverging beams in inhomogeneous media
Authors: Gorbunov Michael E. , Koval Oksana A. , Kulikov Victor A. , Mamontov Alexey E.
Published: November 2019

The phase-screen (split-step) method is widely used for the modeling of wave propagation in inhomogeneous media. Most known is the method of flat phase screens. An optimized approach based on cylindrical phase screen was introduced for the 2-D modeling of radio occultation sounding of the Earth’s atmosphere. In this paper, we propose a further generalization of this method for the 3-D problem of propagation of diverging beams. Our generalization is based on spherical phase screens. In the paraxial approximation, we derive the formula for the vacuum screen- to-screen propagator. We also derive the expression for the phase thickness of a thin layer of an isotropic random media. We describe a numerical implementation of this method and give numerical examples of its application for the modeling of a diverging laser beam propagating on a 25 km long atmospheric path.
Bipolarization L-band microwave radiometer
Authors: Gudkov Alexandr , Leushin Vitaly , Agasieva Svetlana , Sidorov Igor
Published: November 2019

A new bipolarization L-band microwave radiometer designed to measure soil moisture from an unmanned helicopter is presented. The schematic of the radiometer and an overview of the radiometer parts circuits are considering. The main features of the implementation of circuit and technical solutions are considered. Algorithms of operation of the control and processing microcontrollers are given.
Thermal conductivity of titanium slags
Authors: Heimo Juhani , Jokilaakso Ari , Kekkonen Marko , Tangstad Merete , Støre Anne
Published: November 2019

In ilmenite smelting furnaces, a freeze lining of solidified slag is used to protect the furnace refractories against the aggressive titanium slag. Freeze lining thickness cannot be measured directly due to harshness of conditions inside the process, thus process modelling is required. Several parameters influence the thickness of the freeze-lining, one of them being thermal conductivity of the frozen slag. However, there is a lack of thermal conductivity values for high titanium slags −especially as a function of temperature. In this study, thermal conductivity of three titanium slag samples and an additional sample of freeze-lining was measured from room temperature to 1100/1400 °C with the laser flash analysis method. In addition, thermal expansion and microstructures of the samples were studied to provide an extensive understanding of how microstructure will affect thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of the slag samples was found to increase from 1.2 to a maximum of 2.4 W/(m K) when increasing temperature from room temperature to 1100 °C. An additional experiment at 1400 °C showed that the thermal conductivity increased further as the temperature increased. The freeze-lining sample behaves differently, with conductivity being the highest at room temperature, 2.2 W/(m K).
Verhandeln: mit Gefühl und Verstand
Authors: Schön Wolfram
Published: November 2019

Verhandlungen sind alltäglicher Bestandteil des Arbeitslebens. Viele Verhandlungen scheitern jedoch, bevor sie richtig begonnen haben. Gründe dafür sind häufig das Nichtbeachten der psychischen Grundbedürfnisse und das Beharren auf eigenen inhaltlichen Positionen. Nachfolgend möchte ich, nach einem kurzen Swing in das Thema psychische Grundbedürfnisse, die 4 Grundprinzipien (nach Shapiro und Fisher) erfolgreicher Verhandlungen darstellen.
Training of Residents in Cardiac Surgery—Does It Have Impact on the Outcome?
Authors: Szczechowicz Marcin Piotr , Easo Jerry , Zhigalov Konstantin , Mashhour Ahmed , Mkalaluh Sabreen , Weymann Alexander
Published: November 2019

Objectives In many centers, training in cardiac surgery is considered to increase perioperative risk. This study aims to test whether a resident working as the main operator is a genuine risk factor.

Methods We analyzed patients who underwent elective isolated aortic valve replacement, elective isolated coronary artery bypass grafting, or both, in our institution, from 2008 to 2016. Redo- and off-pump surgery, ejection fraction < 30%, and other concomitant procedures were the exclusion criteria. After this selection, we included 3,077 patients in our study. Within this group, 357 (11.6%) had been operated by residents and 2,720 (88.4%) by senior surgeons. We performed propensity score matching using the nearest neighbor method with a ratio of 1:2, considering the most important preoperative conditions. In this way, the 357 patients operated by residents were matched with the 714 patients who were operated by senior surgeons. The standardized mean differences were highly reduced after matching, so both groups had similar risk profiles. We compared surgical data, postoperative adverse events, and the 30-day mortality between the two groups.

Results The times of surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass, and cross-clamp were longer if residents operated (p < 0.001). There were no differences regarding postoperative adverse events, time of mechanical ventilation, and the intensive care unit length of stay. The 30-day mortality rates of the two groups were very similar (p = 0.75, power = 0.8).

Conclusion Training in cardiac surgery is safe, and carefully selected patients can be operated by residents without increased risk of perioperative mortality and complications.
Acute Kidney Injury and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Premature Neonates Born Less than 32 Weeks' Gestation
Authors: Starr Michelle C. , Boohaker Louis , Eldredge Laurie C. , Menon Shina , Griffin Russell , Mayock Dennis E. , Li Linzi , Askenazi David , Hingorani Sangeeta ,   on behalf of the Neonatal Kidney Collaborative
Published: November 2019

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between acute kidney injury (AKI) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in infants born <32 weeks of gestational age (GA).

Study Design Present study is a secondary analysis of premature infants born at <32 weeks of GA in the Assessment of Worldwide Acute Kidney Injury Epidemiology in Neonates (AWAKEN) retrospective cohort (n = 546). We stratified by gestational age and used logistic regression to determine association between AKI and moderate or severe BPD/mortality.

Results Moderate or severe BPD occurred in 214 of 546 (39%) infants, while death occurred in 32 of 546 (6%); the composite of moderate or severe BPD/death occurred in 246 of 546 (45%). For infants born ≤29 weeks of gestation, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of AKI and the primary outcome was 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.47–2.86; p = 0.76). Infants born between 29 and 32 weeks of gestation with AKI had four-fold higher odds of moderate or severe BPD/death that remained after controlling for multiple factors (adjusted OR = 4.21, 95% CI: 2.07–8.61; p < 0.001).

Conclusion Neonates born between 29 and 32 weeks who develop AKI had a higher likelihood of moderate or severe BPD/death than those without AKI. Further studies are needed to validate our findings and evaluate mechanisms of multiorgan injury.