bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Violences urbaines
Authors: Lavoie Jean-Jacques
Published: April 2021

Cet article propose quelques réflexions sur le rapport ville-violence mortifère à partir des premières pages de la Genèse et s’intéresse brièvement à l’histoire de leur réception dans les traditions juives et musulmanes, ainsi que dans la littérature occidentale.
La mort n’est-elle pas toujours imminente puisqu’elle nous est annoncée ?
Authors: Clément Michel
Published: April 2021

La philosophie ne peut comprendre la mort que par la Raison, mais la rumeur voudrait que les philosophes, par leur « esprit de système », s’encombreraient d’explications que seuls l’espace du sacré et les diverses croyances seraient autorisés à donner. Il est vrai que la philosophie n’offre aucune certitude et ce n’est pas sa tâche; la mort est un sommet d’angoisse qu’elle ne prétend pas éviter ou couvrir de ses questions; elle ne pourra jamais faire l’économie de la souffrance et de la mort. Ainsi, des auteurs, tels que Platon, Sénèque, Epictète, Jean-Luc Nancy, Vladimir Jankélévitch, Arthur Schopenhauer, Michel Serres et le poète tchèque Vladimir Holan développent, ici, quelques idées sur cette mort qui lacère nos consciences et nous oblige à constamment repenser cet univers provisoire qui est le nôtre.
La mort en quatrième vitesse
Authors: Mavrikakis Catherine
Published: April 2021

À travers deux textes d’Hubert Aquin dans lesquels le narrateur se prépare à son suicide, à travers quelques romans d’Hervé Guibert qui dévoile sa mort prochaine du sida, on verra comment l’annonce de sa propre mort nous donne à réfléchir sur l’accélération temporelle qui conduit le sujet à sa fin. Comment se voir et se représenter mort ? Dans quelle temporalité entre celui ou celle qui peut annoncer sa mort à venir ? C’est à ces questions que le présent article tente de répondre.
Anxiété de mort, psychosexualité et transition de retraite
Authors: Thériault Jocelyne
Published: April 2021

Cet article porte sur le phénomène de l’anxiété de mort lors du passage travail-retraite. Il propose d’abord de définir la notion d’anxiété de mort, puis d’explorer le phénomène d’anxiété de mort à partir de l’histoire préretraite, intraretraite et postretraite de trois travailleurs manuels engagés dans le processus de transition travail-retraite. Ces trois histoires personnelles sont issues d’un échantillon d’histoires personnelles provenant d’une étude longitudinale portant sur la transition à la retraite. D’un point de vue pratique, cette étude contribue à cerner les besoins des gens en cours de transition à la retraite et contribue, ce faisant, à identifier les pistes à privilégier pour mieux intervenir auprès d’eux.
La mort qui vit dans la littérature d’enfance
Authors: Guérette Charlotte
Published: April 2021

Que dire aux enfants concernant la mort, le deuil, la souffrance ? Faudrait-il se taire, feindre de les ignorer ou changer de sujet ? Nous proposons ici la littérature de jeunesse pour introduire ces thèmes très difficiles dans la classe. Dans les contes, les romans, les poèmes destinés à l’enfance, on en parle abondamment, simplement, justement. On en rit, on en pleure, on s’en moque... On en parle sincèrement! Quels livres choisir ? Comment les présenter ? Ce sont de courtes, mais combien grandes questions auxquelles nous nous intéressons dans cet article.
L’enfance et la mort : est-ce un paradoxe ?
Authors: Abras Marie-Ange
Published: April 2021

Des psychiatres ont constaté que les enfants s’éveillaient de plus en plus tôt aux notions de la sexualité et de la mort. Cependant, certains adultes pensent qu’il est paradoxal de parler de la mort avec des enfants qui commencent à s’ouvrir à la vie. Il sera tôt ou tard nécessaire de parler de la mort, et a fortiori de la vie, avec les enfants. Même si le thème de la mort fait partie des enseignements reçus à l’école à l’occasion des cours de français ou de sciences biologiques, il est rarement le sujet d’une réflexion approfondie. Les occasions d’approfondir le thème de la mort sont pourtant multiples, que ce soit en observant un animal mort ou en lisant un conte, ce qui permet aux enfants de s’impliquer globalement. Face à la mort et à la perte, l’important est de laisser les enfants exprimer leurs émotions par rapport au deuil et à la souffrance. Il est également nécessaire de répondre à leurs questions (et même de les stimuler), quitte à avouer parfois qu’on ne sait pas.
Prose des faits et vers défaits. L’insurrection algérienne de 1871 dans les chroniques militaires et dans la poésie kabyle
Authors: Hachi Idir
Published: April 2021

Notre article propose une lecture comparée des représentations de l’insurrection dans les sources coloniales et dans la poésie kabyle. Parmi les sources se détachent Histoire de l’insurrection de 1871 en Algérie de Louis Rinn (1891) et L’insurrection de la Grande Kabylie en 1871 de Joseph Nil Robin (1901). Ces deux ouvrages très documentés livrent une somme de faits : l’étendue territoriale de l’événement, son intensité, ses combats, l’ampleur de ses répercussions sur la société dominée en pertes humaines, séquestres, amendes collectives, exécutions sommaires, déportations, déclassement social, démantèlement des structures élitaires traditionnelles. Pourtant, le contexte particulièrement troublé de 1870, qui a vu le ressentiment des Européens d’Algérie à l’endroit des institutions militaires se muer en un torrent d’invectives laisse penser que les deux officiers de l’armée d’Afrique que sont Rinn et Robin ont pris la plume à des fins distinctes de la simple chronique ou de la compilation de faits. Leurs ouvrages révèlent, du point de vue colonial, des divergences inconciliables sur l’insurrection de 1871. Ils expriment moins un élan désireux de faire la lumière sur le plus grand soulèvement algérien du xixe siècle, qu’un enjeu de lutte entre le colonat et les élites militaires françaises. Bien différentes sont les représentations de la poésie kabyle de l’époque, transmise par voie orale. Certaines compositions ont été recueillies, traduites et publiées au xixe siècle par Jean-Dominique Luciani et Louis Rinn et, au xxe siècle, par Ammar ou Saïd Boulifa et Mouloud Mammeri. Ces compositions en disent plus sur les terribles conséquences d’une insurrection assimilée à la fin d’un monde que sur les responsables de celle-ci.
« Le roman est de l’histoire, qui aurait pu être » : l’insurrection algérienne de 1871 dans Marie Chassaing d’Adolphe Badin, Amour et gloire de Charles Baude de Maurceley et Le Maître de l’heure de Hugues Le Roux
Authors: Guillaume Isabelle
Published: April 2021

Si Marie Chassaing (1873), Amour et gloire (1897) et Le Maître de l’heure (1897) sont désormais oubliés, ces romans ne sont pas dépourvus d’intérêt. Tous trois montrent que l’insurrection de 1871 a donné lieu chez ses commentateurs métropolitains non pas à un récit national univoque, mais à des mémoires plurielles. Leurs auteurs s’inspirent des codes du roman historique à la Walter Scott. Ils mettent en scène à côté de personnages fictifs, des acteurs de l’insurrection : le bachaga Mohamed El Mokrani chez Baude de Maurceley et Le Roux, et, chez Badin, Jacques Chassaing, le « tueur de lions » popularisé par le Journal des chasseurs. En recourant au genre romanesque, les trois auteurs façonnent des versions divergentes des événements de 1871. Baude de Maurceley et Le Roux rendent hommage à Mokrani vaincu et imputent la responsabilité de l’insurrection au gouvernement républicain. Adolphe Badin, lui, réécrit l’histoire de Jacques Chassaing en dressant un réquisitoire du Second Empire et en faisant du déclenchement de l’insurrection l’ultime faute politique de ce régime. Les trois romans montrent que l’insurrection de 1871 s’est prolongée en métropole avec une bataille historiographique et politique. Badin, Baude de Maurceley et Le Roux se rejoignent sur un point : ils mettent en scène des victoires françaises qu’ils attribuent à l’union des compatriotes à l’heure du danger. Tout en valorisant l’union nationale, ils envisagent des avenirs différents pour la présence française en Algérie. Baude de Maurceley reste évasif sur ce point par contraste avec Badin et Le Roux qui ont écrit leurs récits dans la perspective des colons. L’auteur de Marie Chassaing, en particulier, montre la répression de l’insurrection comme le début d’une nouvelle ère, celle d’une véritable colonisation : les terres algériennes représenteront un dédommagement au pays vaincu par l’Allemagne et dépossédé de plusieurs départements métropolitains.
Joint estimation of carrier frequency and two-dimensional arrival angle based on L-shaped delay array modulation wideband converter
Authors: Jiang Si-Yi , Fu Ning , Qiao Li-Yan , Peng Xi-Yuan ,   School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Published: April 2021

As the signal spectrum in modern information technology becomes wider and wider, multi-band signals are distributed in a frequency range of tens of GHz. It covers a very wide spectrum but each RF signal has a very narrow band, and the distribution location of the band (or carrier frequency) is completely unknown. For the receiver, the single-band signals transmitted together constitute a multi-band signal. The sampling rate required to jointly estimate the space domain and frequency domain parameters of these signals is getting higher and higher. Modulated wideband converter system is an analog information conversion system for multiband analog signals, which is based on compressed sensing theory and greatly reduces the sampling rate. First, we propose an L-shaped delay array structure based on modulated wideband converter, which can estimate carrier frequency and two-dimensional arrival angles with a small number of samples. Secondly, two parameter-estimating algorithms are proposed based on the proposed structure. One is based on the estimating of signal parameter via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT), which requires a small number of computations and is suitable for real-time processing application scenarios; the other algorithm is based on CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) technique, which has better robustness and is suitable for applications with low signal-to-noise ratio. The samples of the delay channels can be directly used to estimate the carrier frequencies, and then the two-dimensional arrival angles are calculated. No additional pairing issue is required between the parameters. Then we give the time complexity analysis and space complexity analysis of the two methods. It can be found that the computational complexity and space storage occupation of the method based on ESPRIT are lower than those of the CP decomposition method. Then the conditions for unique parameter estimation are given. Finally, simulation experiments show that the proposed methods can estimate the carrier frequencies and two-dimensional arrival angles from sub-Nyquist samples. It can be found that the estimation method based on CP decomposition is more robust than the method based on ESPRIT, but at the cost of increased complexity of the algorithm.
Evolution and extinction can occur rapidly: a modeling approach
Authors: Likhoshvai Vitaly A. , Khlebodarova Tamara M.
Published: April 2021

Fossil record of Earth describing the last 500 million years is characterized by evolution discontinuity as well as recurring global extinctions of some species and their replacement by new types, the causes of which are still debate. We developed a model of evolutionary self-development of a large ecosystem. This model of biota evolution based on the universal laws of living systems functioning: reproduction, dependence of reproduction efficiency and mortality on biota density, mutational variability in the process of reproduction and selection of the most adapted individuals. We have shown that global extinctions and phases of rapid growth and biodiversity stasis can be a reflection of the emergence of bistability in a self-organizing system, which is the Earth’s biota. Bistability was found to be characteristic only for ecosystems with predominant sexual reproduction. The reason for the transition from one state to another is the selection of the most adapted individuals. That is, we explain the characteristics of the Earth’s fossil record during the last 500 million years by the internal laws of Earth’s ecosystem functioning, which appeared at a certain stage of evolution as a result of the emergence of life forms with an increased adaptive diversification associated with sexual dimorphism.
Retrospective study on admission trends of Californian hummingbirds found in urban habitats (1991–2016)
Authors: Pandit Pranav S. , Bandivadekar Ruta R. , Johnson Christine K. , Mikoni Nicole , Mah Michelle , Purdin Guthrum , Ibarra Elaine , Tom Duane , Daugherty Allison , Lipman Max W. , Woo Krystal , Tell Lisa A.
Published: April 2021

Background

Hummingbirds are frequently presented to California wildlife rehabilitation centers for medical care, accounting for approximately 5% of overall admissions. Age, sex, and reason for admission could impact hummingbird survivability, therefore identification of these factors could help maximize rehabilitation efforts.

Methods

Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to identify specific threats to the survival of 6908 hummingbirds (1645 nestlings and 5263 non-nestlings) consisting of five species (Calypte anna, Calypte costa, Selasphorus rufus, Selasphorus sasin, Archilochus alexandri), found in urban settings, and admitted to California wildlife rehabilitation centers over 26 years.

Results

In total, 36% of birds survived and were transferred to flight cage facilities for further rehabilitation and/or release. Nestlings were more likely to be transferred and/or released compared to adult hummingbirds. After accounting for age, birds rescued in spring and summer were twice as likely to be released compared to birds rescued in the fall. A high number of nestlings were presented to the rehabilitation centers during spring, which coincides with the nesting season for hummingbirds in California, with the lowest number of nestlings presented in fall. Reasons for presentation to rehabilitation centers included several anthropogenic factors such as window collisions (9.6%) and interactions with domesticated animals (12.9%). Survival odds were lower if a hummingbird was rescued in a “torpor-like state” and were higher if rescued for “nest-related” reasons. Evaluation of treatment regimens administered at wildlife rehabilitation centers identified supportive care, including providing commercial nutrient-rich nectar plus solution, to significantly increase hummingbird survivability.

Discussion

Our results provide evidence of threats to hummingbirds in urban habitats, based on reasons for rescue and presentation to rehabilitation centers. Reasons for hummingbird admissions to three California wildlife rehabilitation centers were anthropogenic in nature (i.e., being associated with domestic animals, window collisions, and found inside a man-made structure) and constituted 25% of total admissions. There was a clear indication that supportive care, such as feeding a commercial nectar solution, and medical treatment significantly increased the odds of survival for rescued hummingbirds.
Identification of a novel inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CL-PRO through virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Bepari Asim Kumar , Reza Hasan Mahmud
Published: April 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has ravaged lives across the globe since December 2019, and new cases are still on the rise. Peoples’ ongoing sufferings trigger scientists to develop safe and effective remedies to treat this deadly viral disease. While repurposing the existing FDA-approved drugs remains in the front line, exploring drug candidates from synthetic and natural compounds is also a viable alternative. This study employed a comprehensive computational approach to screen inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 3CL-PRO (also known as the main protease), a prime molecular target to treat coronavirus diseases.

Methods

We performed 100 ns GROMACS molecular dynamics simulations of three high-resolution X-ray crystallographic structures of 3CL-PRO. We extracted frames at 10 ns intervals to mimic conformational diversities of the target protein in biological environments. We then used AutoDock Vina molecular docking to virtual screen the Sigma–Aldrich MyriaScreen Diversity Library II, a rich collection of 10,000 druglike small molecules with diverse chemotypes. Subsequently, we adopted in silico computation of physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic parameters, and toxicity profiles. Finally, we analyzed hydrogen bonding and other protein-ligand interactions for the short-listed compounds.

Results

Over the 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations of 3CL-PRO’s crystal structures, 6LZE, 6M0K, and 6YB7, showed overall integrity with mean Cα root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of 1.96 (±0.35) Å, 1.98 (±0.21) Å, and 1.94 (±0.25) Å, respectively. Average root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF) values were 1.21 ± 0.79 (6LZE), 1.12 ± 0.72 (6M0K), and 1.11 ± 0.60 (6YB7). After two phases of AutoDock Vina virtual screening of the MyriaScreen Diversity Library II, we prepared a list of the top 20 ligands. We selected four promising leads considering predicted oral bioavailability, druglikeness, and toxicity profiles. These compounds also demonstrated favorable protein-ligand interactions. We then employed 50-ns molecular dynamics simulations for the four selected molecules and the reference ligand 11a in the crystallographic structure 6LZE. Analysis of RMSF, RMSD, and hydrogen bonding along the simulation trajectories indicated that S51765 would form a more stable protein-ligand complexe with 3CL-PRO compared to other molecules. Insights into short-range Coulombic and Lennard-Jones potentials also revealed favorable binding of S51765 with 3CL-PRO.

Conclusion

We identified a potential lead for antiviral drug discovery against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Our results will aid global efforts to find safe and effective remedies for COVID-19.
Comparison between Nebulised versus Intravenous Lignocaine to Suppress the Haemodyamic Response to Laryngoscopy and Tracheal Intubation: A Randomised Control Study
Authors: Kashyap Om Prakash , Kumar Atit , Singh Dheer , Srivastava Swati
Published: April 2021

Introduction: During general anaesthesia, prevention of reflex sympathetic responses following direct laryngoscopy and intubation remains an important clinical goal during airway management. Aim: To compare efficacy of nebulised lignocaine and intravenous lignocaine to suppress haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Materials and Methods: This randomised control study was conducted, during January 2018 to June 2019, on 90 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II patients in the age group of 18 to 45 years of either sex, undergoing elective surgeries under general anaesthesia. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups with the sample size of 30 each. Group A was nebulised with Normal Saline (NS) 0.075 mL/kg and 10 mL NS intravenous (iv) given and served as control. Group B was nebulised with 3 mg/kg (0.075 mL/kg) of 4% lignocaine and iv normal saline 10 mL given. Group C was nebulised with 0.075 mL/kg of normal saline and iv 2 mg/kg of 2% lignocaine diluted to 10 mL. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out in the present study. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to find the significance of parameters between three groups. Chi-square test was used to find the significance of parameters on categorical scale between three groups. Results: Statistical evaluation between the groups showed that the increase in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) observed at 1 minute after intubation in control group was highly significant (p<0.001) when compared to increase in group B and C. Both groups B and C were comparable in terms of SBP, DBP and MAP post-intubation. Increase in Heart Rate (HR) was statistically significant (p<0.05) between group C and group B during 7 seconds to 15 seconds post-intubation. Conclusion: It can be concluded that nebulised lignocaine can be an effective alternative to intravenous lignocaine in attenuating the cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. It is also a simple and safe technique to be used.
Sonographic Measurement of Visceral Fat Thickness as a Correlate of Existing Metabolic Syndrome- A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Yadav Deep , Rao Akhilesh , Mohimen Aneesh , Pimpalwar Yayati
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a well-known disease of multiple risk factors that has at its core, insulin resistance accompanying abnormal adipose deposition and function. Multiple studies demonstrate a potential relationship between Visceral Fat Thickness (VFT) and metabolic syndrome. Ultrasound provides a radiation free low-cost alternative, which is high reproducible in the quantification of visceral fat and can act as an effective screening modality. The simplicity of the method combined with its objectiveness makes it advantageous for accurate measurement of VFT. Aim: To correlate of sonographic measurement of VFT with existing metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients that underwent ultrasound at the study center between August 2016 to August 2019 and were clinically suspected of suffering from metabolic syndrome at the Endocrinology Outpatient Department (OPD). Collation of data into three categories based on VFT (<7 cm, 7 to 10 cm and >10 cm) was done. The patients in each category underwent further testing and metabolic syndrome was either ruled out or diagnosed. Results: The study cohort comprised of 2022 patients. The VFT ranged between 4 and 16 with a mean value of 10.8 and standard deviation of 2.8. The percentage of patients with metabolic syndrome increased in proportion to the increased VFT. VFT >10 cm was found to have specificity and Positive Predictive Value (PPV) 92.52% and 92.53% respectively while VFT <7 cm was found to have a sensitivity and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 95.11% and 95.10%, respectively. Conclusion: Ultrasound seems to be the best screening tool for the assessment of intra-abdominal fat deposition as the number of VFT subjects with metabolic syndrome in Category 1 was higher.
Central Acetabular Roof Defect- More than Just a Normal Variant?
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Adeel , Edwards Joanne , Tate Rebecca , Curzon Ian , Montgomery Richard J
Published: April 2021

Central acetabular defects are rare, and have been described using various terminologies (notches, fossae, pits). They are generally regarded as normal variants and often overlooked. This case series reviews five cases (age range 9-14 years) where presentation included hip pain and no alternative pathology was found. The defects tend to be bilateral but not symmetrical, and often just the side with the largest defect is symptomatic. The aetiology is unknown but there was no recollection of prior trauma. The literature suggests they are developmental in nature. The cases series highlights that these anatomical variants should not be entirely disregarded when imaging is reviewed.
Postoperative Analgesia with Epidural Infusion of Buprenorphine Versus Transdermal Buprenorphine in Total Abdominal Hysterectomy: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Krishnan Anju , Sajid Binu , Kutty Rekha Krishnan
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Transdermal Buprenorphine (TDB) patches have recently gained popularity owing to its non-invasive dosing, minimal side-effects and longer duration. Epidural opioids provide excellent analgesia thus permitting early ambulation. Aim: To compare the efficacy of epidural buprenorphine infusion and TDB to relieve postoperative pain following total abdominal hysterectomy. Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational cohort study, 116 patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy in a tertiary care institution, were divided into two equal groups. All patients were given subarachnoid anaesthesia using 3.4 ml 0.5% bupivacaine heavy with 60 μg buprenorphine. Group T patients had TDB (10 μg/h) patch applied 12 hours prior to procedure; while Group E patients received epidural buprenorphine infusion (10 μg/h) postoperatively. Postoperative analgesia was assessed using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at 2 hours, 4 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours, 60 hours, 72 hours after surgery. Inj. diclofenac 75 mg IV or Inj. paracetamol 1gm Intravenous (IV) infusion were given as rescue analgesic. The requirement of rescue analgesics was also recorded every 24 hours. Occurrence of adverse effects like sedation, respiratory depression, hypotension, bradycardia, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, headache, dizziness etc., were observed and compared between the two groups. Chi-square and Independent t-test were used for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Results: Better postoperative analgesia with lower NRS scores were seen in Group E when compared to Group T at all the measured intervals (p-value<0.001). The median rescue analgesic requirement was significantly higher in Group T {Diclofenac 75 (0,150) mg, Paracetamol 2 (1,2) g} than Group E {Diclofenac 0 (0, 75) mg, Paracetamol 1 (0, 1) g}. Sedation was more for epidural buprenorphine at 2 hour, 24 hours, 36 hours and 48 hours. The occurrence of nausea and vomiting was more with TDB (p-value<0.001). There were no other significant adverse effects in both the study groups. Conclusion: Epidural infusion of buprenorphine is safe and more effective than an equal dose of TDB in postoperative analgesia for abdominal hysterectomy.
Традиция отлова и обучения ястреба-перепелятника в Аджарии, "Природа"
Authors: Обозова Т.А.
Published: April 2021

Охота с ловчими птицами — один из древнейших промыслов во многих странах. В Аджарии (Западная Грузия) была широко распространена соколиная охота, которая в давние времена имела большое значение в жизни крестьян, а сейчас лишь поддерживается немногочисленными энтузиастами. Чтобы найти любителей традиционной охоты с ястребом-перепелятником, мы отправились в Аджарию, где над Малым Кавказским хребтом вдоль Черного моря проходит второй по значимости в мире миграционный путь хищных птиц. Однако эта традиция нас заинтересовала не только с историко-культурной точки зрения, но и естественнонаучной — мы хотели проанализировать взаимодействие птицы с человеком, ведь только точное знание ее поведения в природе позволило отработать оптимальные приемы отлова и последующего натаскивания ловчих птиц для охоты.
Water‐use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions of rice affected by water saving and nitrogen reduction
Authors: Shi Hong , Cai Shuo , Sun Zhanxue , Shi Yuanzhi
Published: April 2021

We investigated the effects of reduced irrigation and N application, using green manure and rice straw, on the water‐use efficiency (WUE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of machine‐transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) to provide theoretical and technical guidance for water and N management in double‐cropping rice. Field trials were conducted from 2014 to 2016 using two irrigation methods (flood irrigation, W0; intermittent irrigation, W1) and three N application methods (no nitrogen application, N0; chemical nitrogen constant application, N1; chemical nitrogen reduction combined with green fertilizer and straw, N2). Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, water consumption, and grain yield were compared for the different treatment measures. Under the same N fertilizer management, intermittent irrigation reduced cumulative emissions of CH4 of early and late season rice by 14.54–37.37% and 16.70–52.25%, respectively, whereas N2O emissions increased by 12.50–35.29% and 23.08–34.09%, compared with flood irrigation. Under identical irrigation conditions, the cumulative CH4 and N2O emissions of early and late rice were N2 > N1 > N0. Compared to W0N1 treatment, W1N2 decreased the annual average water consumption by 4.40 and 5.53% for early and late rice, whereas yield and WUE increased by 4.27 and 3.98% and 9.54 and 9.71%, respectively. In addition, the annual global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity of double‐cropped rice increased by 47.62 and 41.77%, respectively. The incorporation of green manure and rice straw with reduced N fertilizer application using intermittent irrigation in double rice cropping systems reduced water consumption and increased grain yield but also increased GHG emissions.
Total Synthesis of Anti‐Cancer Meroterpenoids Dysideanone B and Dysiherbol A and Structural Reassignment of Dysiherbol A
Authors: Chong Chuanke , Zhang Qunlong , Ke Jia , Zhang Haiming , Yang Xudong , Wang Bingjian , Ding Wei , Lu Zhaoyong
Published: April 2021

The first total synthesis of marine anti‐cancer meroterpenoids dysideanone B and dysiherbol A have been accomplished in a divergent way. The synthetic route features: 1) a site and stereoselective α‐position alkylation of a Wieland–Miescher ketone derivative with a bulky benzyl bromide to join the terpene and aromatic moieties together and set the stage for subsequent cyclization reactions; 2) an intramolecular radical cyclization to construct the 6/6/6/6‐tetracycle of dysideanone B and an intramolecular Heck reaction to forge the 6/6/5/6‐fused core structure of dysiherbol A. A late‐stage introduction of the ethoxy group in dysideanone B reveals that this group might come from the solvent ethanol. The structure of dysiherbol A has been revised based on our chemical total synthesis.
Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Borylative Cyclization for the Synthesis of Quinazolinones
Authors: Dherbassy Quentin , Manna Srimanta , Shi Chunling , Prasitwatcharakorn Watcharapon , Crisenza Giacomo E. M. , Perry Gregory J. P. , Procter David J.
Published: April 2021

Quinazolinones are common substructures in molecules of medicinal importance. We report an enantioselective copper‐catalyzed borylative cyclization for the assembly of privileged pyrroloquinazolinone motifs. The reaction proceeds with high enantio‐ and diastereocontrol, and can deliver products containing quaternary stereocenters. The utility of the products is demonstrated through further manipulations.
Rheological behavior of collagen/chitosan blended solutions
Authors: Zheng Tingting , Tang Pingping , Shen Lirui , Bu Honghong , Li Guoying
Published: April 2021

Understanding the rheological behavior of collagen/chitosan blends is fundamental to design the optimized collagen/chitosan composite materials. Steady shear, dynamic frequency sweep, thixotropy and creep‐recovery tests were investigated to characterize the rheological behavior of collagen/chitosan blends as a function of chitosan content (0%–90% [wt/wt]). All the samples showed pseudoplasticity with shear‐thinning behavior. With the increase of chitosan, the viscosity significantly decreased from 862.54 to 0.60 Pa s at 0.05 s−1. The storage modulus and loss modulus also decreased while the dynamic denaturation temperature increased from 39.79 to 45.18°C. Besides, the thixotropy weakened and when the chitosan content reached 70%, the final recovery percentage was only 4.6%. The entanglements between collagen fibers observed by atomic force microscopy became weaker. Finally, the corresponding mathematical models were used to simulate the experimental data, and the obtained parameters might provide some useful theoretical guidance for the processing of the collagen/chitosan blended solutions.
Dysfunction in interpersonal neural synchronization as a mechanism for social impairment in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Quiñones‐Camacho Laura E. , Fishburn Frank A. , Belardi Katherine , Williams Diane L. , Huppert Theodore J. , Perlman Susan B.
Published: April 2021

Social deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been linked to atypical activation of the mentalizing network. This work, however, has been limited by a focus on the brain activity of a single person during computerized social tasks rather than exploring brain activity during in vivo interactions. The current study assessed neural synchronization during a conversation as a mechanism for social impairment in adults with ASD (n = 24) and matched controls (n = 26). Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data were collected from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and tempoparietal junction (TPJ). Participants self‐reported on their social communication and videos of the interaction were coded for utterances and conversational turns. As expected, controls showed more neural synchrony than participants with ASD in the TPJ. Also as expected, controls showed less social communication impairment than participants with ASD. However, participants with ASD did not have fewer utterances compared with control subjects. Overall, less neural synchrony in the TPJ was associated with higher social impairment and marginally fewer utterances. Our findings advance our understanding of social difficulties in ASD by linking them to decreased neural synchronization of the TPJ.

Lay Summary

The coordination of brain responses is important for efficient social interactions. The current study explored the coordination of brain responses in neurotypical adults and adults with ASD to investigate if difficulties in social interactions are related to difficulties coordinating brain responses in ASD. We found that participants with ASD had more difficulties coordinating brain responses during a conversation with an interacting partner. Additionally, we found that the level of coordination in brain responses was linked to problems with social communication.
How Adults Tell: A Study of Adults' Experiences of Disclosure to Child Protection Social Work Services
Authors: Mooney Joseph
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the findings of a study examining adult disclosures of childhood sexual abuse to child protection social work services in the Republic of Ireland. Limited literature indicates that adults can have negative experiences when disclosing childhood abuse; this is primarily owing to a lack of training, policy and guidance for practitioners, and legal complexities regarding allegations of abuse. This study used a biographic‐narrative interpretive method (BNIM) to gather the experiences of adults who engaged with child protection social work services. The findings were analysed using both BNIM panel analysis and open, axial and selective coding. Six main themes were identified, and the findings are discussed under three headings: (1) the system as a barrier presents the various influences that acted as barriers for adults coming forward to disclose; (2) issues of power examines the influence of power from the time of abuse throughout the adults' life courses and their interactions with services; and (3) the system as a facilitator presents practice and policy recommendations based on participants' narratives and the wider research literature. Implications for child protection practice in this extremely sensitive and sometimes controversial area are considered.

‘This study used a biographic‐narrative interpretive method (BNIM) to gather the experiences of adults who engaged with child protection social work services’

Key Practitioner Messages

A number of complex socioecological factors need to be considered when receiving and assessing adult disclosures of childhood sexual abuse.

Dynamics of abuse and disclosure may be similar; any understanding of an experience of childhood sexual abuse should also involve an understanding of experiences of disclosure.

Basic practices such as providing information, clarity and frequent communication may address potentially harmful dynamics of power and control that can exist in respect of disclosure of childhood trauma.
Incomplete stent expansion in flow‐diversion treatment affects aneurysmal haemodynamics: a quantitative comparison of treatments affected by different severities of malapposition occurring in different segments of the parent artery
Authors: Zhang Mingzi , Li Yujie , Sugiyama Shin‐ichiro , Verrelli David I. , Matsumoto Yasushi , Tominaga Teiji , Qian Yi , Tupin Simon , Anzai Hitomi , Ohta Makoto
Published: April 2021

Incomplete stent expansion (IncSE) is occasionally seen in flow‐diversion (FD) treatment of intracranial aneurysms; however, its haemodynamic consequences remain inconclusive. Through a parametric study, we quantify the aneurysmal haemodynamics subject to different severities of IncSE occurring in different portions of the stent. Two patient cases with IncSE confirmed in vivo were studied. To investigate a wider variety of IncSE scenarios, we modelled IncSE at two severity levels respectively located in the proximal, central, or distal segment of a stent, yielding a total of 14 treatment scenarios (including the ideal deployment). We examined stent wire configurations in 14 scenarios and resolved aneurysm haemodynamics through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A considerable degradation of aneurysm flow‐reduction performance was observed when central or distal IncSE occurred, with the maximal elevations of the inflow rate (IR) and energy loss (EL) being 10% and 15%. The underlying mechanism might be the increased resistance for flow to remain within the FD stent, which forces more blood to leak into the aneurysm sac. Counter‐intuitively, a slight reduction of aneurysm inflow was associated with proximal IncSE, with the maximal further reduction of the IR and EL being 5% and 8%. This may be due to the disruption of the predominant parent‐artery flow by the collapsed wires, which decreased the strength and altered the direction of aneurysmal inflow. The effects of IncSE vary greatly with the location of occurrence, revealing the importance of performing individualised, patient‐specific risk assessment before treatment.
Developing Signs of Safety: A Deaf‐accessible counselling toolkit for trauma and addiction
Authors: Anderson Melissa L. , Glickman Neil S. , Wolf Craig Kelly S. , Sortwell Crane Amanda K. , Wilkins Alexander M. , Najavits Lisa M.
Published: April 2021

The U.S. Deaf community—more than half a million Americans who communicate using American Sign Language (ASL)—experiences higher rates of trauma exposure and substance use disorder (SUD) than the general population. Yet there are no evidence‐based treatments for any behavioural health condition that have been evaluated for use with Deaf people. The driving aim of our work, therefore, has been to develop and formally evaluate a Deaf‐accessible trauma/SUD counselling approach. Here we describe our initial intervention development work and a single‐arm pilot that evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary clinical efficacy of Signs of Safety—a Deaf‐accessible toolkit to be used with an existing, widely adopted protocol for trauma and addiction (Seeking Safety). Preliminary efficacy results indicated clinically significant reductions in PTSD symptoms and frequency of alcohol use for the Seeking Safety/Signs of Safety model. Frequency of drug use did not change significantly—likely attributable to the mid‐study legalization of recreational marijuana in our state. Next steps include the redesign and refilming of Signs of Safety based on pilot participant feedback, again using a Deaf‐engaged development and production process. This new toolkit will be tested via a pilot randomized controlled trial designed based on present methodological lessons learned.
Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Methanol with a Molecular Cobalt‐Catalyst‐Loaded Porous Carbon Electrode Assisted by a CIGS Photovoltaic Cell**
Authors: Wang Ruwen , Boutin Etienne , Barreau Nicolas , Odobel Fabrice , Bonin Julien , Robert Marc
Published: April 2021

Conversion of CO2 into valuable compounds, including fuels, with renewable energy sources and sustainable compounds is a challenge addressed by artificial photosynthesis research. In particular, the application of solar assisted electrochemical (EC) processes, in which electrons are furnished by a photovoltaic (PV) cell, is a promising approach. A PV‐EC system is described, consisting of a CIGS (copper indium gallium selenide) PV unit linked to a carbon electrode loaded with cobalt phthalocyanine as molecular catalyst, able to achieve the CO2 reduction to CO and then to methanol in aqueous media with limited bias voltage. Using CO as starting material, a partial current density of ca. 0.6 mA cm−2 for methanol is obtained at a bias voltage corresponding to a low 240 mV overpotential. Remarkably, the liquid fuel production can be sustained for at least 7 h. Under ideal conditions, the CO2‐to‐CH3OH reaction shows a global Faradaic efficiency of 28 %.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging is able to recognize different hematopoietic precursors in unstained routine bone marrow films
Authors: da Silva Fernanda Aparecida Borges , Racanelli Ana Paula , Lorand‐Metze Irene , Metze Konradin
Published: April 2021

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) has been used in living cells to measure metabolic activity and demonstrate cell differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the FLIM technique could be able to demonstrate cell maturation during myelopoiesis and erythropoiesis in unlabeled routine bone marrow (BM) preparations. Air‐dried, unstained smears of BM aspiration samples of 32 patients without BM disease and a normal morphology on May–Grünwald–Giemsa (MGG) stained smears entered the study. FLIM images were captured with a Zeiss LSM 780 NLO multiphoton microscope equipped with a Becker & Hickl SPC‐830 TCSPC FLIM module and HPM‐100‐40 hybrid detector. The samples were irradiated by two‐photon excitation at 800 nm with a titanium‐sapphire laser of the LSM 780 NLO. FLIM images were compared with those obtained by autofluorescence high resolution imaging. FLIM images of unstained smears were highly contrasted. Different cell types could be easily recognized as they were similar to those seen in MGG stained preparations. Cytoplasm of cells from the erythroid lineage revealed relatively short fluorescence lifetimes due to the presence of hemoglobin, and therefore could easily be distinguished from granulocytic precursors. Nuclear fluorescence lifetimes of all cell types were higher than those of the corresponding cytoplasm. So, FLIM of unstained BM smears obtained under routine real‐life conditions permits an easy identification of BM cells, by highlighting differences of their physicochemical properties.
Prospective ARNI vs. ACE inhibitor trial to DetermIne Superiority in reducing heart failure Events after Myocardial Infarction (PARADISE‐MI): design and baseline characteristics
Authors: Jering Karola S. , Claggett Brian , Pfeffer Marc A. , Granger Christopher , Køber Lars , Lewis Eldrin F. , Maggioni Aldo P. , Mann Douglas , McMurray John J.V. , Rouleau Jean‐Lucien , Solomon Scott D. , Steg Philippe G. , van der Meer Peter , Wernsing Margaret , Carter Katherine , Guo Weinong , Zhou Yinong , Lefkowitz Martin , Gong Jianjian , Wang Yi , Merkely Bela , Macin Stella M. , Shah Urmil , Nicolau Jose C. , Braunwald Eugene
Published: April 2021

Aims

Patients surviving an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are at risk of developing symptomatic heart failure (HF) or premature death. We hypothesized that sacubitril/valsartan, effective in the treatment of chronic HF, prevents development of HF and reduces cardiovascular death following high‐risk AMI compared to a proven angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. This paper describes the study design and baseline characteristics of patients enrolled in the Prospective ARNI vs. ACE inhibitor trial to DetermIne Superiority in reducing heart failure Events after Myocardial Infarction (PARADISE‐MI) trial.

Methods and results

PARADISE‐MI, a multinational (41 countries), double‐blind, active‐controlled trial, randomized patients within 0.5–7 days of presentation with index AMI to sacubitril/valsartan or ramipril. Transient pulmonary congestion and/or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40% and at least one additional factor augmenting risk of HF or death (age ≥70 years, estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, diabetes, prior myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, LVEF <30%, Killip class ≥III, ST‐elevation myocardial infarction without reperfusion) were required for inclusion. PARADISE‐MI was event‐driven targeting 708 primary endpoints (cardiovascular death, HF hospitalization or outpatient development of HF). Randomization of 5669 patients occurred 4.3 ± 1.8 days from presentation with index AMI. The mean age was 64 ± 12 years, 24% were women. The majority (76%) qualified with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction; acute percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in 88% and thrombolysis in 6%. LVEF was 37 ± 9% and 58% were in Killip class ≥II.

Conclusions

Baseline therapies in PARADISE‐MI reflect advances in contemporary evidence‐based care. With enrollment complete PARADISE‐MI is poised to determine whether sacubitril/valsartan is more effective than a proven ACE inhibitor in preventing development of HF and cardiovascular death following AMI.
Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reaction in Continuous Flow Using Gel‐Bound Organocatalysts
Authors: Schmiegel Carsten J. , Baier Rene , Kuckling Dirk
Published: April 2021

Continuous flow catalysis using a microfluidic reactor with gel‐bound proline organocatalysts is an attractive approach in organic synthesis due to interesting advantages such as the permanent production of catalyst‐free products and the easy product isolation by evaporation. Further advantages are the online detection of reactions and an adjustment of reaction parameters while the reaction is already running. Herein the formation of differently substituted aldol products within minutes at mild conditions in good to almost quantitative yields is described. The effects of different solvent mixtures and temperatures on the conversion and selectivity are analyzed in detail by NMR as well as the relationship between the height of the polymer structures and the conversion behavior of the asymmetric aldol reaction of 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde and cyclohexanone. The applicability of this system is demonstrated for a wide range of differently substituted nitrobenzaldehydes. It is shown that the described reactor setup delivers high conversion and good selectivity over up to 144 hours and that a highly reusable system was established.
A novel safety message dissemination framework in LTE‐V2X system
Authors: Rastogi Eshita , Maheshwari Mukesh Kumar , Roy Abhishek , Saxena Navrati , Shin Dong Ryeol
Published: April 2021

Vehicular communication plays a crucial role in improving road safety and maintaining traffic efficiency through the exchange of safety messages. Besides road safety, it can also be used to support other nonsafety features such as infotainment services, traffic management, parking assistance, and so on. In this article, we explore a hybrid long term evolution vehicle‐to‐everything architecture where we use both vehicle‐to‐infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) communication to simultaneously provide high throughput for infotainment services and maintain high reliability and low transmission delay for the safety messages. To this end, we propose V2I and V2V resource allocation algorithms which support a strict allocation priority for the safety messages over the nonsafety messages. We evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms by extensive simulations using OMNeT++, INET, and SimuLTE softwares and analyze the simulation data using MATLAB software. The simulation results indicate that, as compared with using only V2I communication, the proposed algorithms decrease the end‐to‐end delay (∼23%, on average) of the safety messages with little degradation (< 10%, on average) in throughput of the background traffic. We compare our proposed algorithms with the existing algorithms and find that the proposed algorithms show a performance gain of 36.5% and 45% in terms of end‐to‐end latency and packet reception ratio, respectively.