bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systemic Antitumor Effects and Abscopal Responses in Melanoma Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy
Authors: D’Andrea Mark A. , Reddy G. Kesava
Published: February 2020

Background: Malignant melanoma represents the deadliest form of skin cancer with a high tendency to metastasize during the early course of the disease. Radiation therapy has long played a key role in the management of both local and metastatic melanoma. Although local radiation therapy exerts antitumor effects by damaging the cellular DNA, it also induces an important out-of-field (distant) effect known as the “abscopal effect” in nonirradiated sites. Radiation therapy-induced abscopal effects are believed to be mediated by activation and stimulation of the immune system. Objective: To provide a detailed overview of the current state of knowledge and clinical experience of radiation therapy-induced abscopal effects in patients with malignant melanoma. Methods: Using electronic databases such as MEDLINE via PubMed and Google Scholar, a systematic literature review was performed to find published clinical evidence for radiation therapy-induced abscopal effects in patients with malignant melanoma. The clinical data on radiation therapy-induced abscopal effects were reviewed and the outcomes summarized. Results: Clinical evidence of patients with malignant melanoma was gathered using databases from MEDLINE and those findings were summarized. Although the precise mechanism of the abscopal effect of radiation therapy is still not completely understood, evidence suggests that tumor cell destruction by radiation releases tumor antigens that stimulate the immune system of the host to activate the body’s immune effector cells systemically and produce distant non-target antitumor effects. This forms a basis for using the radiation therapy with immunotherapy to augment the abscopal response rates. Conclusions: Current clinical evidence suggests that there is a large potential to enhance the abscopal effect when radiation therapy is combined with immunotherapeutic agents for the treatment of malignant melanoma. Ongoing and planned clinical trials may provide us with a more in-depth understanding of how this combination therapy can be optimally utilized clinically to achieve improved survival outcomes among patients with malignant melanoma.
Right Hemihepatectomy via an Anterior Approach for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Situs Inversus Totalis Patient
Authors: Fu Rong-Dang , Li Jie-Yuan , Zhang Xiao-Hong , Chen Huan-Wei
Published: February 2020

Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare congenital condition in which the usual position of the organs is reversed from left to right as a mirror image of the normal situation. Due to the abnormal transposition, this represents a technical challenge for the surgeon. In the present study, right hemihepatectomy via the anterior approach was performed for a 68-year-old hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient with SIT. SIT was diagnosed by chest X-ray and computed tomography. The tumors were located in segments VIII and VI of the liver, and there was no metastasis to the lymph nodes and distant organs. Hemihepatic vascular inflow occlusion was performed using the selective intra-Glissonian approach. The middle hepatic vein was preserved under the guidance with intraoperative ultrasonography. The present case suggests that right hemihepatectomy via the anterior approach may be a safe, feasible, and effective procedure for HCC patients with SIT.
Pregnancies after Childhood Craniopharyngioma: Results of KRANIOPHARYNGEOM 2000/2007 and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sowithayasakul Panjarat , Boekhoff Svenja , Bison Brigitte , Müller Hermann L.
Published: February 2020

Background: Data on female fertility, pregnancy, and outcome of offspring after childhood-onset craniopharyngioma (CP) are rare. Study Design: Observational study on pregnancy rate and offspring outcome in female CP patients recruited in KRANIOPHARYNGEOM 2000/2007 since 2000. Results: A total of 451 CP patients (223 female) have been recruited, and 269 (133 female) were postpubertal at study. Six of 133 female CP patients (4.5%) with a median age of 14.9 years at CP diagnosis had 9 pregnancies, giving birth to 10 newborns. Three patients achieved complete surgical resections. No patient underwent postoperative irradiation. Five natural pregnancies occurred in 3 CP patients without pituitary deficiencies. Four pregnancies in 3 CP patients with hypopituitarism were achieved under assisted reproductive techniques (ART) (median 4.5 cycles, range: 3–6 cycles). Median maternal age at pregnancy was 30 years (range: 22–41 years). Six babies (60%) were delivered by caesarean section. Median gestational age at delivery was 38 weeks (range: 34–43 weeks); median birth weight was 2,920 g (range: 2,270–3,520 g), the rate of preterm delivery was 33%. Enlargements of CP cysts occurred in 2 women during pregnancy. Other complications during pregnancy, delivery, and postnatal period were not observed. Conclusions: Pregnancies after CP are rare and were only achieved after ART in patients with hypopituitarism. Close monitoring by an experienced reproductive physician is necessary. Due to a potentially increased risk for cystic enlargement, clinical, ophthalmological, and MRI monitoring are recommended in patients at risk. Severe perinatal complications, birth defects, and postnatal morbidity of mothers and offspring were not observed.
Natural Plant Extract Berbamine Is a Potent Inhibitor of Cell Growth and Survival of Human Tenon’s Fibroblasts
Authors: Xu Hui , Kong Yanan , Chen Ying , Li Na , Zhang Shuqiang , Lu Hong
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Post-trabeculectomy scarring due to excessive proliferation of human Tenon’s fibroblasts (HTFs) often led to operation failure. Developing a new anti-fibrosis drug with high efficacy to inhibit HTF cell growth will greatly improve the effectiveness of trabeculectomy. Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of berbamine (BBM) treatment on the cell growth and survival of HTFs. Methods: Cultured human fetal Tenon’s fibroblasts (HFTFs) were treated with or without different concentrations of BBM. Cell morphology was observed with a phase contrast microscope. A CCK-8 method and Ki67 immunofluorescence were used to determine cell viability and cell proliferation. A scratch test was used to study cell migration. Flow cytometry and TUNEL staining were performed to detect cell apoptosis. The expression of BAX/BCL-2, ERK, and AKT/mTOR pathway components was determined by Western blotting. Results: BBM treatment disrupted HFTF normal morphology and inhibited its cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Ki67 immunofluorescence and scratch assay showed BBM suppressed HFTF cell proliferation and migration. Importantly, BBM dose-dependently increased the BAX/BCL-2 ratio and induced apoptosis in HFTF cells. Western blotting showed BBM significantly inhibited the ERK and AKT/mTOR pathway, and PTEN inhibition ameliorated the inhibitory effect of BBM on cell viability and survival in HFTFs. Conclusions: BBM potently inhibits the cell growth and survival of HTFs through AKT/mTOR and has the potential to serve as an anti-fibrosis drug after trabeculectomy.
Stim1
Polymorphism Disrupts Immune Signaling and Creates Renal Injury in Hypertension
Authors: Dhande Isha S. , Zhu Yaming , Kneedler Sterling C. , Joshi Aniket S. , Hicks M. John , Wenderfer Scott E. , Braun Michael C. , Doris Peter A.
Published: February 2020

Background

Spontaneously hypertensive rats of the stroke‐prone line (
SHR
‐A3) develop hypertensive renal disease as a result of naturally occurring genetic variation. Our prior work identified a single‐nucleotide polymorphism unique to
SHR
‐A3 that results in truncation of the carboxy terminus of
STIM
1. The
SHR
‐B2 line, which is also hypertensive but resists hypertensive renal injury, expresses the wild‐type
STIM
1.
STIM
1 plays a central role in lymphocyte calcium signaling that directs immune effector responses. Here we show that major defects in lymphocyte function affecting calcium signaling, nuclear factor of activated T cells activation, cytokine production, proliferation, apoptosis, and regulatory T‐cell development are present in
SHR
‐A3 and attributable to STIM1.

Methods and Results

To assess the role of
Stim1
variation in susceptibility to hypertensive renal injury, we created a
Stim1
congenic line,
SHR
‐A3(
Stim1
‐B2), and STIM1 function was rescued in
SHR
‐A3. We found that
Stim1
gene rescue restores disturbed lymphocyte function in
SHR
‐A3. Hypertensive renal injury was compared in
SHR
‐A3 and the
SHR
‐A3(
Stim1
‐B2) congenic line. Histologically assessed renal injury was markedly reduced in
SHR
‐A3(
Stim1
‐B2), as were renal injury biomarker levels measured in urine.
Stim1
deficiency has been linked to the emergence of antibody‐mediated autoimmunity. Renal glomerular immunoglobulin deposition was greater in
SHR
‐A3 than
SHR
‐B2 and was reduced by
Stim1
congenic substitution. Serum anti–double‐stranded
DNA
antibody titers in
SHR
‐A3 were elevated compared with
SHR
‐B2 and were reduced in
SHR
‐A3(
Stim1
‐B2).

Conclusions

Stim1
deficiency in lymphocyte function originating from
Stim1
truncation in
SHR
‐A3 combines with hypertension to create end organ disease and may do so as a result of antibody formation.
Review of Chinese species of the Oxylipeurus-complex (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae), with descriptions of two new genera and five new species
Authors: GUSTAFSSON DANIEL R. , LEI LUJIA , CHU XINGZHI , ZOU FASHENG
Published: February 2020

Chewing lice of the Oxylipeurus-complex known from China are described and illustrated. The genera Megalipeurus Kéler, 1958 and Reticulipeurus Kéler, 1958 are considered valid, resurrected from synonymy and redescribed. Two new genera are described: Cataphractomimus new genus and Sinolipeurus new genus, which are proposed for species that do not fit into any previously described genus within the Oxylipeurus-complex. The following species are redescribed and illustrated: Reticulipeurus mesopelios (Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866); Reticulipeurus robustus (Rudow, 1869); Reticulipeurus reevesi (Clay, 1938); Reticulipeurus baileyi (Clay, 1938); Reticulipeurus crossoptilon (Clay, 1938); Reticulipeurus ithaginis (Clay, 1938); Sinolipeurus tetraophasis (Clay, 1938) new combination. Several species previously placed in the genus Oxylipeurus are given new generic combinations. In addition, the following five new species are described and illustrated: Megalipeurus sinensis new species ex Arborophila gingica (Gmelin, 1789); Cataphractomimus mirapelta new species ex Lophophorus lhuysii Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1866; Cataphractomimus impervius new species ex Lophophorus sclateri sclateri Jerdon, 1870; Cataphractomimus junae new species and Sinolipeurus sichuanensis new species ex Tragopan temminckii (J.E. Gray, 1831).
Morphological identification and molecular validation of anchovies (Engraulidae) in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea
Authors: AFRAND MAHBOOBEH , SOURINEJAD IMAN , FAZELI SEYED ABOLHASSAN SHAHZADEH , AKBARZADEH ARASH , YEGANEH LALEH PARSA , SADEGHI MARYAM , AZARBAIJANI REZA
Published: February 2020

Validation of species using independent lines of evidence is sometimes desirable when their identification using only one approach is difficult or questionable. The identification of anchovies (Engraulidae) are often challenging based on morphology because closely related species exhibit only slight morphological differentiation. This study utilized morphological characteristics and DNA barcodes for identification and validation of anchovies in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Based on morphology, we identified eight species: Thryssa hamiltonii, T. setirostris, T. vitrirostris, T. whiteheadi, T. dussumieri, Encrasicholina punctifer, E. pseudoheteroloba and Stolephorus indicus. A 658 bp region of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) was generated for 53 specimens from these eight species. From these sequences, we built a Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree. In this tree, each species forms a monophyletic group confirming our initial morphological identification. In addition, we provided (and registered in GenBank) the first barcode sequences for T. whiteheadi, an endemic species of this region. Interspecies genetic distances were comprised between 0.168 to 0.275. The largest genetic distance was found between T. vitrirostris and S. indicus and the smallest between T. dussumieri and T. whiteheadi. This study successfully identified eight species of anchovies in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea based on both morphological and molecular characters.
Three new species of the spider genus Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China
Authors: ZHU WENHUI , YAO ZHIYUAN , ZHENG GUO , LI SHUQIANG
Published: February 2020

Three new species of the spider genus Belisana Thorell, 1898 are described based on material collected in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China: Belisana mengla Yao & Li sp. nov.  (male, female), Belisana menglun Yao & Li sp. nov. (male), and Belisana mengyang Yao & Li sp. nov. (male, female), bringing the total Belisana fauna of Xishuangbanna to 12 species.
Seasonality of the MJO Impact on Upper Troposphere–Lower Stratosphere Temperature, Circulation, and Composition
Authors: Tweedy Olga V. , Oman Luke D. , Waugh Darryn W.
Published: February 2020

Seasonal differences in the impact of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) on tropical and extratropical upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) temperature, circulation, and trace gases are examined using trace gases (ozone, carbon monoxide, and water vapor) and temperature from measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and meteorological fields from the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). During boreal winter months (November–February), atmospheric fields exhibit a well-known planetary-scale perturbation consistent with the upper-level flow modeled by Gill, with twin high and low pressure extratropical systems associated with a Rossby wave response. However, the circulation anomalies in the UTLS differ during boreal summer months (June–September), when background UTLS circulation north of the equator is dominated by the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone. The twin high and low pressure extratropical systems are much weaker but with a stronger equatorial Kelvin wave front that encircles the globe as the MJO propagates eastward. These differences are explained in terms of seasonal variations in vertically propagating Kelvin waves that strongly depend on the zonal structure of the climatological background winds. The trace gas response to the MJO is strongly coherent with circulation anomalies showing strong seasonal differences. The stronger equatorial Kelvin wave front during the summer produces enhanced upwelling in the tropical tropopause layer, resulting in significant cooling of this region, reduced ozone and water vapor, and enhanced carbon monoxide.
The Influence of Submesoscales and Vertical Mixing on the Export of Sinking Tracers in Large-Eddy Simulations
Authors: Taylor John R. , Smith Katherine M. , Vreugdenhil Catherine A.
Published: February 2020

We use idealized large-eddy simulations (LES) and a simple analytical theory to study the influence of submesoscales on the concentration and export of sinking particles from the mixed layer. We find that restratification of the mixed layer following the development of submesoscales reduces the rate of vertical mixing which, in turn, enhances the export rate associated with gravitational settling. For a neutral tracer initially confined to the mixed layer, subinertial (submesoscale) motions enhance the downward tracer flux, consistent with previous studies. However, the sign of the advective flux associated with the concentration of sinking particles reverses, indicating reentrainment into the mixed layer. A new theory is developed to model the gravitational settling flux when the particle concentration is nonuniform. The theory broadly agrees with the LES results and allows us to extend the analysis to a wider range of parameters.
Is a university degree still a worthwhile financial investment in Australia?
Authors: Corliss Michael Craig , Daly Anne , Lewis Phil
Published: February 2020

Since 2006 there have been significant changes in the labour market for university graduates, most notably the Global Financial Crisis of 2007 and the subsequent downturn in gross domestic product growth, and a huge expansion in university places. This article presents estimates of the monetary returns in Australia associated with the completion of bachelor degrees in 2016 for a range of fields of study and compares them to the estimates for 2006. The results show that for the median person, there are still good monetary incentives to complete these degrees and the private rate of return compares favourably with the long-term real bond rate. However, the article also concludes that the return to an individual investing in bachelor education had mostly declined in the period 2006–2016. There is, again, considerable variation between disciplines and for some, completion of a bachelor degree does not yield positive returns. The key factors determining the monetary rate of return are the discipline of the degree and the graduates’ subsequent labour force status. Graduates in full-time employment in most disciplines avoided being among those with low (or negative) rates of return. In addition, there is some evidence of skills mismatch and over skilling among the lowest paid university graduates.
Socioeconomic Life Course Models and Oral Health: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Celeste R.K. , Eyjólfsdóttir H.S. , Lennartsson C. , Fritzell J.
Published: February 2020

We compared socioeconomic life course models to decompose the direct and mediated effects of socioeconomic status (SES) in different periods of life on late-life oral health. We used data from 2 longitudinal Swedish studies: the Level of Living Survey and the Swedish Panel Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old. Two birth cohorts (older, 1925 to 1934; younger, 1944 to 1953) were followed between 1968 and 2011 with 6 waves. SES was measured with 4 indicators of SES and modeled as a latent variable. Self-reported oral health was based on a tooth conditions question. Variables in the younger and older cohorts were grouped into 4 periods: childhood, young/mid-adulthood, mid /late adulthood, late adulthood/life. We used structural equation modeling to fit the following into lagged-effects life course models: 1) chain of risk, 2) sensitive period with late-life effect, 3) sensitive period with early- and late-life effects, 4) accumulation of risks with cross-sectional effects, and 5) accumulation of risks. Chain of risk was incorporated into all models and combined with accumulation, with cross-sectional effects yielding the best fit (older cohort: comparative fit index = 0.98, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.98, root mean square error of approximation = 0.04, weighted root mean square residual = 1.51). For the older cohort, the chain of SES from childhood → mid-adulthood → late adulthood → late life showed the following respective standardized coefficients: 053, 0.92, and 0.97. The total effect of childhood SES on late-life tooth loss (standardized coefficient: –0.23 for older cohort, –0.17 for younger cohort) was mediated by previous tooth loss and SES. Cross-sectional effects of SES on tooth loss were observed throughout the life course, but the strongest coefficients were at young/mid-adulthood (standardized coefficient: –0.41 for older cohort, –0.45 for younger cohort). SES affects oral health cumulatively over the life course and through a chain of risks. Actions to improve socioeconomic conditions in early life might have long-lasting effects on health if they help prevent people from becoming trapped in a chain of risks.
Oral Microbiome and Gingival Transcriptome Profiles of Ligature-Induced Periodontitis
Authors: Ebersole J. , Kirakodu S. , Chen J. , Nagarajan R. , Gonzalez O.A.
Published: February 2020

This investigation evaluated the relationship of the oral microbiome and gingival transcriptome in health and periodontitis in nonhuman primates ( Macaca mulatta). Subgingival plaque samples and gingival biopsies were collected from healthy sites and at sites undergoing ligature-induced periodontitis. Microbial samples were analyzed with 16S amplicon sequencing to identify bacterial profiles in young (3 to 7 y) and adult (12 to 23 y) animals. The gingival transcriptome was determined with a microarray analysis and focused on the expression level of 452 genes that are associated with the development of inflammation and innate and adaptive immune responses. Of the 396 total operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified across the samples, 81.8% were detected in the young group and 99.5% in the adult group. Nevertheless, 58 of the OTUs composed 88% of the signal in adults, and 49 OTUs covered 91% of the OTU readouts in the young group. Correlation analyses between the microbiome members and specific gingival genes showed a high number of significant bacteria-gene correlations in the young healthy tissues, which decreased by 75% in diseased tissues. In contrast, these correlations increased by 2.5-fold in diseased versus healthy tissues of adult animals. Complexes of bacteria were delineated that related to specific sets of immune genes, differing in health and disease and in the young versus adult animals. The correlated gene profiles demonstrated selected pathway overrepresentation related to particular bacterial complexes. These results provide novel insights into microbiome changes with disease and the relationship of these changes to specific gene profiles and likely biologic activities occurring in healthy and diseased gingival tissues in this human-like periodontitis model.
The Critical Role of Instructional Response for Identifying Dyslexia and Other Learning Disabilities
Authors: Miciak Jeremy , Fletcher Jack M.
Published: February 2020

This article addresses the nature of dyslexia and best practices for identification and treatment within the context of multitier systems of support (MTSS). We initially review proposed definitions of dyslexia to identify key commonalities and differences in proposed attributes. We then review empirical evidence for proposed definitional attributes, focusing on key sources of controversy, including the role of IQ, instructional response, as well as issues of etiology and immutability. We argue that current empirical evidence supports a dyslexia classification marked by specific deficits in reading and spelling words combined with inadequate response to evidence-based instruction. We then propose a “hybrid” dyslexia identification process built to gather data relevant to these markers of dyslexia. We argue that this assessment process is best implemented within school-wide MTSS because it leverages data routinely collected in well-implemented MTSS, including documentation of student progress and fidelity of implementation. In contrast with other proposed methods for learning disability (LD) identification, the proposed “hybrid” method demonstrates strong evidence for valid decision-making and directly informs intervention.
Cross-Cultural Experiences of Hospice and Palliative Care Services: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Herbstsomer R. Adam , Stahl Sarah T.
Published: February 2020

Significant disparity exists among non-Western and minority individuals in hospice and palliative care services. A cross-cultural approach that addresses the needs of these patients would decrease this disparity. This study reviews the literature on the experiences of patients from non-Western and minority cultural backgrounds in hospice and palliative care services to inform clinical practice by Western providers. The PubMed database was searched for qualitative studies on patient and family member experiences of end-of-life services among minority or non-Western cultural groups. Eighteen articles met eligibility criteria. The major themes identified include the following: communication and the flow of information, perceptions of hospice and palliative care, and compatibility with cultural beliefs. This review demonstrates similar themes across many non-Western and minority cultures when interacting with hospice and palliative care services. These findings emphasize the importance of a cross-cultural approach in a palliative care and hospice setting.
Mapping gentrification and displacement pressure: An exploration of four distinct methodologies
Authors: Preis Benjamin , Janakiraman Aarthi , Bob Alex , Steil Justin
Published: February 2020

As housing costs continue to increase across many cities in North America and Europe, local governments face pressure to understand how housing’s rising cost is changing neighbourhoods and to ensure that everyone can access a home they can afford. To confront displacement concerns, cities are adapting models developed within academia to identify neighbourhoods that may be susceptible to gentrification and displacement. We compare four gentrification and displacement risk models developed by and for the US cities of Seattle, Washington; Los Angeles, California; Portland, Oregon; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and apply all four methodologies to one city, Boston. We identify the geographic areas of agreement and disagreement among the methods. The comparison reveals striking differences between the models, both in inputs and outputs. Of the 18 variables considered among the four models, only two variables appear in all four models. In the resulting maps, the four methods identified between 25 and 119 of the 180 Boston census tracts as at risk of gentrification and displacement, or as currently gentrifying. There are only seven tracts that all four models agreed were either gentrifying or at risk of gentrification and displacement. The findings indicate a need for cities to consider critically the assumptions of the models that are included in urban policy documents, as indicators and thresholds have major impacts on how neighbourhoods in the liminal space of gentrification and displacement are characterised. This novel comparison of United States local government analyses of gentrification provides insight as modelling moves from theory to practice.
Gentrifiers and attitudes towards agency: A new typology. Evidence from Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Israel
Authors: Kaddar Merav
Published: February 2020

This article offers a new typology (and therefore understanding) of gentrifiers, dividing them into four ideal types: Shruggers, Agonisers, Upgraders and Activists. Based on 32 in-depth interviews and focusing on the political aspect of gentrifiers’ behaviour, namely their agency, the article suggests that gentrifiers’ attitudes towards agency are affected by two main factors: their sense of efficacy, and their interest in remedying the allegedly negative political and urban outcomes of gentrification. These two factors yield the above-mentioned four ideal types of agency among gentrifiers. In addition, I find that the duration of their residence in the neighbourhood moderates gentrifiers’ attitudes and perceptions, thus affecting their behaviour.
Intervention Components Targeting Self-Management in Individuals with Multiple Chronic Conditions: An Integrative Review
Authors: Miller Jessica J. , Pozehl Bunny J. , Alonso Windy , Schmaderer Myra , Eisenhauer Christine
Published: February 2020

Multiple chronic conditions (MCC) are becoming increasingly common and self-management (SM) interventions to address MCC are emerging. Prior reviews have broadly examined SM interventions in MCC; however, interventional components were not thoroughly described. Components of SM interventions that have been delivered to individuals with MCC were identified. A review of CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Embase was completed. This search yielded 13,994 potential studies; 31 studies among those 13,994 studies met inclusion for analysis. The literature is multidisciplinary and describes a wide variety of interventional strategies implementing various combinations of components. A descriptive analysis of the studies’ components, application of the components, delivery methods, and primary outcomes demonstrated clear variations between programs. The most common components noted in the 31 studies were education, action planning/goal setting, self-monitoring, and social/peer support. The variation in SM programs limits conclusive evidence for which components are recommended to improve self-management in individuals with MCC.
Radiological findings of fibrocartilaginous coalition of the third tarsometatarsal joint: a retrospective cross-sectional study with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Domingues Giancarlo MC , da Silva Taise T , Aihara André Y , Cardoso Fabiano N , Barreto Virgílio O
Published: February 2020

Background

Fibrocartilaginous coalition of the third tarsometatarsal joint has been indicated as an extremely rare form of tarsal coalition in the radiological literature, and most articles concerned with tarsal coalition do not mention involvement of this joint. Only two reports written in the English language that approach this subject were found, an orthopedic report and an anthropological report.

Purpose

To evaluate the prevalence of this finding and discuss and illustrate the radiological characteristics of this coalition.

Material and Methods

A retrospective analysis of 614 computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans of the ankle and/or foot, acquired at a health service within a period of three months, was performed to assess the prevalence of this coalition.

Results

Of the examinations characterized as valid for analysis for the purposes of the study, 17 cases compatible with fibrocartilaginous coalition of the third tarsometatarsal joint were found, thus indicating an involvement of approximately 2.97% of the examined feet.

Conclusion

Our radiological findings are typical, and the prevalence found in this study was statistically significant, being similar to that described in the anthropological report (3.2%–6.8%).
Diagnostic value of the axial view of magnetic resonance imaging to identify two-dimensional shapes of full-thickness rotator cuff tears
Authors: Jung Sung-Weon , Jin Jin-Woo , Kim Dong-Hee , Kim Hyeon-Soo , Lee Gwang-Eun , Kim Jin-Woo , Jang Min-Jae
Published: February 2020

Background

Coronal and sagittal views of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to determine rotator cuff tear size and fatty infiltration, but these images were not enough to identify the tear shape.

Purpose

To correlate the preoperative axial MRI views and arthroscopic surgical findings to identify the two-dimensional shapes in rotator cuff tears.

Material and Methods

This study included 166 patients who underwent arthroscopic repair between 2015 and 2018. Preoperative coronal, sagittal, and axial MRI views were evaluated for tear size and geographic configuration in axial sections, and the length and the width were measured and were matched with arthroscopic surgical views by lateral portals.

Results

The agreement of axial MRI views with the arthroscopic view was 88.0% in crescent, 97.2% in longitudinal, 78.6% in massive, and 100% in rotator cuff tear arthropathy. The mean agreement rate of axial MRI views with arthroscopic view was 81.9%. Mean mediolateral and anteroposterior tear sizes on axial MRI were 16.68 mm and 19.33 mm, respectively. Mean mediolateral and anteroposterior tear sizes by arthroscopic view were 21.49 mm and 21.04 mm, respectively. Tear sizes by MRI axial images were 71.3% of arthroscopic view. SST/IST degenerative changes were noted in most patients with massive tears and rotator cuff arthropathy ( P = 0.001).

Conclusion

Rotator cuff tear shape on preoperative axial MRI view had close agreement (81.9%) with arthroscopic findings by lateral portal, and tear size by preoperative axial MRI views was 71.3% of that of arthroscopic view. Axial MRI views helped to predict the geometric tear shape of rotator cuff tears.
Emerging forms of worker collectivism among the precariat: When will capital’s ‘gig’ be up?
Authors: Gall Gregor
Published: February 2020

This article introduces the collection of contributions to the symposium on emerging forms of worker collectivism among the precariat. It seeks to locate the salient issues in terms of radical analysis and radical political projects in the context of developments in the organisation of production, distribution and exchange. It also provides an overview of the why, when, where, who and how of these emerging struggles.
Fast Food Shutdown: From disorganisation to action in the service sector
Authors: Cant Callum , Woodcock Jamie
Published: February 2020

This article discusses the Fast Food Shutdown, a strike on 4 October 2018 that involved Wetherspoon, McDonald’s, TGI Fridays and UberEats workers in the United Kingdom. It compares the different strategies of the Bakers Food and Allied Workers’ Union at Wetherspoon and Industrial Workers of the World at UberEats. The two case studies, drawing on the authors’ ongoing ethnographic research, provide important examples of successful precarious worker organising. In particular, the argument focuses on the role of action in organising, as well as the relationship between the rank-and-file and the union. While these could point the way to the recomposition of the workers movement – both in greenfield sectors and within existing unions – there remain important questions about how these experiences can be generalised.
Identifying Critical Links in Transportation Network Design Problems for Maximizing Network Accessibility
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Khani Alireza
Published: February 2020

A significant amount of research has been performed on network accessibility evaluation, but studies on incorporating accessibility maximization into network design problems have been relatively scarce. This study aimed to bridge the gap by proposing an integer programming model that explicitly maximizes the number of accessible opportunities within a given travel time budget. We adopted the Lagrangian relaxation method for decomposing the main problem into three subproblems that can be solved more efficiently using dynamic programming. The proposed method was applied to several case studies, which identified critical links for maximizing network accessibility with limited construction budget, and also illustrated the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm. This method is promisingly scalable as a solution algorithm for large-scale accessibility-oriented network design problems.
Wheel-Spinning Models in a Novice Programming Context
Authors: Flores Rejeenald M. , Rodrigo Ma. Mercedes T.
Published: February 2020

Wheel-spinning refers to the failure to master a skill in a timely manner or after a considerable number of practice opportunities. Several past studies have developed wheel-spinning models in the areas of Mathematics and Physics. However, no models have been made for the context of novice programming. The purpose of this study was to develop wheel-spinning models in the context of novice programming and to identify the indicators of wheel-spinning. In this study, we developed five wheel-spinning models that had acceptable performance with data from 114 Filipino students using a meaningful gamification system. Following intuition, the number of problems correctly solved was negatively correlated with wheel-spinning, while overall number of problems attempted and consecutive mistakes were indicative of wheel-spinning.
Case Report of Spontaneous Hemorrhage 13 Years After Breast Augmentation
Authors: Gordon Pierre S. , Mandell-Brown Mark
Published: February 2020

The case of a delayed spontaneous bleed 13 years after an augmentation mastopexy is presented. The patient underwent exploration of the breast pocket, hematoma evacuation, implant extraction, vessel ligation, and skin closure without immediate reimplantation. Early complications of breast augmentation include hematomas in 1% to 10% of cases. Late complications include capsular contracture, implant deflation, implant rupture, and rarely delayed bleeds. There are various theories regarding the pathophysiology of late hematomas to include erosion of pericapsular arteries, capsular microfractures, and chronic inflammation. Theories regarding the pathogenesis of capsular contracture are discussed using literary evidence that highlights an association between capsular contracture and capsular bleeding. Evidence discussed includes recurrent bleeds, progression from class 1 to class 4 Baker Contractures, and bilateral capsules with thicker capsules on the side having bleeding. Similar processes seen in other specialties like adhesion formation after gynecologic procedures are seen. In conclusion, delayed spontaneous bleeding after breast augmentation is rare, imaging and prompt exploration should follow, and consideration should be given to capsulectomy.
The Use of Dress in Objectification Research
Authors: Lennon Sharron J. , Johnson Kim K. P.
Published: February 2020

To objectify another person is to dehumanize and treat that person as an object. Objectification has interested dress scholars, and some objectification scholars have acknowledged that clothing and bodies act to facilitate or resist objectification. Research purposes were to determine the extent to which dress had been used to evoke objectification in experiments when objectification was an outcome and to determine whether internal validity had been correctly established. Experimental objectification research was content analyzed using descriptive statistics. A database search resulted in 80 refereed empirical research articles containing 91 experiments. Dress was used to evoke objectification in 57 experiments; yet, many provided no rationale for using dress stimuli or conducted manipulation checks or stimulus pretests. These practices call into question the validity of research results and may explain inconsistent results. Opportunities for dress scholars and recommendations for teaching and for research best practices are offered.
Join the Commune: A Controlled Study of Social Branding Influencers to Decrease Smoking Among Young Adult Hipsters
Authors: Ling Pamela M. , Lisha Nadra E. , Neilands Torsten B. , Jordan Jeffrey W.
Published: February 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate the impact of a Social Branding intervention in bars and nightclubs on smoking behavior.

Design:

Quasi-experimental controlled study.

Setting:

Bars and nightclubs in San Diego and San Francisco (intervention) and Los Angeles (control).

Participants:

“Hipster” young adults (age 18-26) attending bars and nightclubs.

Intervention:

Anti-tobacco messages delivered through monthly anti-tobacco music/social events, opinion leaders, original art, direct mail, promotional activities, and online media.

Measures:

A total of 7240 surveys were collected in 3 cities using randomized time location sampling at baseline (2012-2013) and follow-up (2015-2016); data were analyzed in 2018. The primary outcome was current smoking.

Analysis:

Multivariable logistic regression assessed correlates of smoking, adjusting for covariates including electronic cigarette use; differences between cities were evaluated using location-by-time interactions.

Results:

Smoking in San Francisco decreased at a significantly faster rate (51.1%-44.1%) than Los Angeles (45.2%-44.5%) ( P = .034). Smoking in San Diego (mean: 39.6%) was significantly lower than Los Angeles (44.8%, P < .001) at both time points with no difference in rate of change. Brand recall was not associated with smoking behavior, but recall was associated with anti-tobacco attitudes that were associated with smoking.

Conclusion:

This is the first controlled study of Social Branding interventions. Intervention implementation was accompanied by decreases in smoking (San Francisco) and sustained lower smoking (San Diego) among young adult bar patrons over 3 years.
Managing One’s Career: The Joint Effects of Job Autonomy, Supervisor Support, and Calling
Authors: Li Jie , Han Xue , Qi Jipeng , He Xiao
Published: February 2020

In the contemporary work environment, which is characterized by change and uncertainty, employees must proactively manage their careers to develop and maintain their competitiveness. Drawing on self-determination theory, this study developed an interactive model that uses job autonomy, supervisor support, and calling to predict career self-management. With a sample of 245 full-time employees in China, the time-lagged survey showed that job autonomy has a direct effect on career self-management, which is moderated by supervisor support and employees’ calling. Furthermore, the three-way interaction indicated that the moderating effect of supervisor support on the relationship between job autonomy and career self-management is stronger when calling is low. Finally, the implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.
Major Donors and Higher Education: Are STEM Donors Different from Other Donors?
Authors: Nwakpuda Emily I.
Published: February 2020

Philanthropic support of higher education is a growing area of interest among academic fundraisers and philanthropy scholars. The academic fields of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), in particular, are in need of a better understanding of their major donors. This article analyzes a unique database of announced gifts to higher education institutions from 1995 to 2017 to investigate relationships between major donors’ characteristics and the magnitude of their gifts to STEM and all other academic disciplines. Major donors to STEM are disproportionately entrepreneurs who, on average, give larger gifts to STEM than other major donors. Quantile regressions reveal a positive and statistically significant relationship between major donors’ entrepreneurial status and gift amounts at the 99th quantile (worth US$100 million or more). As major funding sources for academic STEM are increasingly threatened, these findings are pertinent to academic institutions seeking to leverage major donors as an alternative source of funding.
Investigation on pressure fluctuation during parallel channel switching in fire-fighting
Authors: Zhao Ge , Li Wei , Zhu Jinsong , Zhou Xiaolin
Published: February 2020

Many large-flow fires need sustained and stable water supplies, which are often challenging because of the complex fire ground. To analyze the causes and influencing factors of pressure fluctuation in the process of switching water sources, an experimental setup and a simulation model were established. The basic hydraulics principle is that pressure drop occurs during the switching between two channels. The pressure drop magnitude in the main pipe was studied for various resistance values of the main pipe, switching time of the control valve in the channel, the number of parallel channels, and the diameter of the clustered pipe. The results show that three key parameters affect the magnitude of the pressure drop: a longer switching time, less pipe resistance, and more parallel channels can minimize the pressure drop magnitude of the mine pipe. This study provides fire equipment designer with information about the influence of different variables on the pressure drop magnitude of the main pipe and basic design criteria to minimize these effects. Meanwhile, a simple scheme is proposed to minimize the large pressure fluctuation, and the pressure fluctuation can be decreased and even eliminated to some extent.
Type synthesis of 90°/180° dual-function upenders for large shell units of nuclear reactor
Authors: Qiu Xuesong , Yang Zhao , Shi Shuyang , Li Huiqin , Zhou Yulin
Published: February 2020

In this paper, unit vectors collinear with the axes of large shell units of nuclear reactors were used to represent the poses of the workpieces. Based on the motion operator interpretation of the rotation matrix, 60 kinds of rotation matrix permutations with 90° turns as the step length to achieve 180° flipping of the workpiece were obtained. After eliminating invalid permutations and merging homogenous permutations, class I, II, and III flipping motion models were obtained. By calculating the Lie algebra of each step of rigid body motion in the flipping motion model, the twist and the motion pair property for each step were obtained. By means of the permutation and combination theory, the sequence of the motion pairs for different configurations was determined, and the rules between sequential transformations and axis changes of the motion pairs under the initial configuration were stipulated. Three classes of 19 initial configurations of 90°/180° dual-function upenders were constructed. For three of them, taking into account the characteristics of the axial dimension variation of workpieces, prismatic pairs were added along the workpiece’s axis (vector), and 15 overall configurations of 90°/180° dual-function upenders were synthesized. This provides the basic theoretical support for the innovative design of upenders with independent intellectual property rights.
Karen Barad, psychology, and subject models: Why we need to take experience seriously
Authors: Tobias-Renstrøm Sebastian , Køppe Simo
Published: February 2020

Postmodern theories on the subject are very diverse. In this article, we take a closer look at physicist and philosopher Karen Barad’s work in the emerging field of new materialism as an example of postmodern theory. The aim is to analyze Barad’s subject model as such and what it entails for doing the science of psychology. We will do this by analyzing Barad’s notion of the subject through three different types of subject models. This analysis will then be supplemented by a critical inquiry into Barad’s subject model by way of phenomenology. We conclude that Barad’s subject model is unfit for studying the subject in psychology as she leaves no room for the universal characteristic of experiential life, which makes it impossible to generalize psychological findings—a necessity in science—and that this criticism could apply to other subject models like hers in postmodern theory.
Employees as judges in European labour courts: A conflict of interests?
Authors: Corby Susan , Burgess Pete , Höland Armin
Published: February 2020

Labour courts in many European countries have a tripartite structure, with a professional judge sitting with employer and employee lay judges. This article focuses on employee judges, who face a potential conflict between their partisan role defending workers and their role as an impartial judge. Using cognitive dissonance as our theoretical framework and drawing on over a 100 interviews in three European countries, we found that many British and German interviewees said that they had not experienced any conflict of interests. Others, however, reported such conflict, especially initially, and demonstrated adaptation strategies that appeared consistent with cognitive dissonance theory. Moreover, there were national variations: conflict in France appeared more pervasive and enduring than in Britain or Germany.