bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying a Hybrid Model of Markov Chain and Logistic Regression to Identify Future Urban Sprawl in Abouelreesh, Aswan: A Case Study
Authors: Hamdy Omar , Zhao Shichen , Osman Taher , Salheen Mohamed , Eid Youhansen
Published: October 2016

Urban sprawl has become a very complex process, because it has many factors affecting its directions and values. The study of relative research shows that the driving forces that lead and redirect future urban sprawl require the application of a statistical method. In our study, logistic regressions were used to analyze and class the driving forces for urban sprawl. Identifying the driving forces, which is the most important step in predicting the future of urban sprawl in 2037, was performed using the cellular automata models. This study takes the Aswan area as a case study in the period from 2001 to 2013 by analyzing the official detailed plan and Google Earth historical imagery. Almost all data was prepared for logistic regression analysis using ArcGIS software and IDRISI® Selva. In our study, a hybrid model of the Markov chain and logistic regression models was applied to identify future urban sprawl in 2037. The findings of this paper simulate the increase in urban area over 24 years from 1.85 to 2.59 km2. These findings highlight the growing risks of urban sprawl and the difficulties opposing the sustainable urban development plans officially proposed for this area.
Ubiquitous Learning Architecture to Enable Learning Path Design across the Cumulative Learning Continuum
Authors: Karoudis Konstantinos , Magoulas George
Published: October 2016

The past twelve years have seen ubiquitous learning (u-learning) emerging as a new learning paradigm based on ubiquitous technology. By integrating a high level of mobility into the learning environment, u-learning enables learning not only through formal but also through informal and social learning modalities. This makes it suitable for lifelong learners that want to explore, identify and seize such learning opportunities, and to fully build upon these experiences. This paper presents a theoretical framework for designing personalized learning paths for lifelong learners, which supports contemporary pedagogical approaches that can promote the idea of a cumulative learning continuum from pedagogy through andragogy to heutagogy where lifelong learners progress in maturity and autonomy. The framework design builds on existing conceptual and process models for pedagogy-driven design of learning ecosystems. Based on this framework, we propose a system architecture that aims to provide personalized learning pathways using selected pedagogical strategies, and to integrate formal, informal and social training offerings using two well-known learning and development reference models; the 70:20:10 framework and the 3–33 model.
Development and Characterization of VEGF165-Chitosan Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Radiation-Induced Skin Injury in Rats
Authors: Yu Daojiang , Li Shan , Wang Shuai , Li Xiujie , Zhu Minsheng , Huang Shai , Sun Li , Zhang Yongsheng , Liu Yanli , Wang Shouli
Published: October 2016

Radiation-induced skin injury, which remains a serious concern in radiation therapy, is currently believed to be the result of vascular endothelial cell injury and apoptosis. Here, we established a model of acute radiation-induced skin injury and compared the effect of different vascular growth factors on skin healing by observing the changes of microcirculation and cell apoptosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was more effective at inhibiting apoptosis and preventing injury progression than other factors. A new strategy for improving the bioavailability of vascular growth factors was developed by loading VEGF with chitosan nanoparticles. The VEGF-chitosan nanoparticles showed a protective effect on vascular endothelial cells, improved the local microcirculation, and delayed the development of radioactive skin damage.
Protective Effect of the Plant Extracts of Erythroxylum sp. against Toxic Effects Induced by the Venom of Lachesis muta Snake
Authors: Coriolano de Oliveira Eduardo , Alves Soares Cruz Rodrigo , De Mello Amorim Nayanna , Guerra Santos Marcelo , Carlos Simas Pereira Junior Luiz , Flores Sanchez Eladio , Pinho Fernandes Caio , Garrett Rafael , Machado Rocha Leandro , Lopes Fuly André
Published: October 2016

Snake venoms are composed of a complex mixture of active proteins that induce toxic effects, such as edema, hemorrhage, and death. Lachesis muta has the highest lethality indices in Brazil. In most cases, antivenom fails to neutralize local effects, leading to disabilities in victims. Thus, alternative treatments are under investigation, and plant extracts are promising candidates. The objective of this work was to investigate the ability of crude extracts, fractions, or isolated products of Erythroxylum ovalifolium and Erythroxylum subsessile to neutralize some toxic effects of L. muta venom. All samples were mixed with L. muta venom, then in vivo (hemorrhage and edema) and in vitro (proteolysis, coagulation, and hemolysis) assays were performed. Overall, crude extracts or fractions of Erythroxylum spp. inhibited (20%–100%) toxic effects of the venom, but products achieved an inhibition of 4%–30%. However, when venom was injected into mice before the plant extracts, hemorrhage and edema were not inhibited by the samples. On the other hand, an inhibition of 5%–40% was obtained when extracts or products were given before venom injection. These results indicate that the extracts or products of Erythroxylum spp. could be a promising source of molecules able to treat local toxic effects of envenomation by L. muta venom, aiding in the development of new strategies for antivenom treatment.
Media Ecology: A Complex and Systemic Metadiscipline
Authors: Islas Octavio , Bernal Juan
Published: October 2016

Media ecology is not the theoretical stream of communication studies and it is not limited to Marshall McLuhan´s work and thinking; however, we focus on McLuhan’s approach to media ecology for this special issue on the philosophy of Marshall McLuhan. Media ecology is a complex and systemic metadiscipline whose object of study is the changes and effects that have occurred in society as a result of the evolution of technology and media throughout history.
Development of a Web-Based Tool for Climate Change Risk Assessment in the Business Sector
Authors: Kim Donghyun , Lee Junbeom
Published: October 2016

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2013 report claims that climate change from human-induced greenhouse gas emissions will cause increasing temperatures in many regions and various detrimental effects such as rising sea levels, ecosystem changes, droughts, and floods. This study proposes a method for assessing the climate risks resulting from climate change as well as a tool that companies can use to assess those risks. The method for assessing climate risk is proposed in accordance with the ISO 31000 risk management process. We then design a web-based tool to implement the climate change risk assessment process. The data the tool generates enable companies to identify and analyze their climate risks to reduce potentially negative future financial impacts. The data on potential damage costs indicate that climate change is no longer an environmental issue but rather an economic one for companies, and the results presented through the proposed assessment method can be used to establish countermeasures and sustainable planning at companies. The results of this research are significant in that they provide companies with the critical information needed to improve their planning and response to climate risk.
Amathonte hellénistique et romaine : l’apport des travaux récents
Authors: Aupert Pierre
Published: October 2016

The contributions of excavations and recent French and Cypriot publications of the history of the site have proved very instructive concerning the periods considered. The construction of the port, that of the wall and even the incompletion of this work, the gradual establishment of the architectural framework of the agora (porticoes, fountain, Sanctuary of Bes), and the construction of the Sanctuary of the Aphrodite on the acropolis, the creation of a new sanctuary of the goddess in the lower town : all of this illuminates the importance of the Ptolemaic city on the chessboard of the Eastern Mediterranean. A remarkable epigraphic document which had been previously discovered attests to an episode of rivalry between Ptolemy VI and VIII, and to a well organized cadastral survey of the city. In the Imperial era, emperors replaced the sovereign Ptolemaic rulers besides the existing gods, and to them was added an Adonis Helios. But the urban framework would not have been significantly enriched if it hadn’t been for some constructions in the two sanctuaries of Aphrodite and by the addition of two small temples in the agora which unfortunately remain anonymous. Concerning the last two centuries of the existence of the city (VI – VIIth century), we are able to contrast the urban revival and the flowering of Christian worship. These changes in the last centuries of the city did not end the magical practices which had been entrenched in the mores of the population since the third century or perhaps before. The history, in particular the religious history, of a middle sized town existing during several successive empires, sharing their good fortune and bad times, has been thus enriched and diversified in sometimes unexpected ways.
Evidence for the Hellenistic period in Nicosia: The settlement at the Hill of Agios Georgios and the cemetery at Agii Omologites
Authors: Pilides Despo
Published: October 2016

Les fouilles conduites à Nicosie sur la colline d’Agios Georgios (à l’emplacement du futur Parlement) ont mis au jour d’importants vestiges de la ville, pour une période qui correspond à celles des tombes d’Agii Omologites. L’article a pour objectif de présenter cette phase ancienne de l’établissement antique et ses liens avec la nouvelle disposition du site à l’époque hellénistique.
Nouvelles recherches archéologiques à Paphos : premiers résultats de la mission française sur la colline de Fabrika (2008-2009)
Authors: Morvillez Éric , Balandier Claire
Published: October 2016

In 2008, a French archaeological expedition started to lead excavations on Fabrika hill on the North-East side of the ancient city of Nea Paphos. The two first archaeological seasons (spring 2008 and 2009) focused on the Northern part of the hill (area A) and on the Eastern slope behind the ancient theatre (area B). On the North side, a long terrace wall was uncovered, badly built. A trial sounding dates it from the end of the 1st c. B. C. or beginning of the 1st c. A. D. Very damaged walls, probably dwellings, of the later periods have also been put to light. On the terrace East of the wall we made two trial soundings in order to try to date the levels of occupation of the hill : two human skeletons from Ottoman times were uncovered. On the Eastern side of the hill we found a building carved out the bedrock. It could be date to the 13th c. A. D., according to the ceramic and to the mould of the seal of an Italian bishop found in the destruction level. The destruction of the vault seems to show that it had been destroyed by an earthquake at the very end of the 13th or beginning of the 14th century. In 2010, we will remove the whole destruction level and, hopefully, may be able to identify the function of this important building. Moreover, we will start and improvement of the Apollo Hylates sanctuary at Alonia tou Episcopou, 2 km East of Fabrika hill.
Recherches sur la microspore du genre Ceratophyllum L. Le vacuome.
Authors: Mouraview I.
Published: October 2016

Le présent mémoire fait suite aux recherches sur le pollen du Ceratophyllum. Il concerne le vacuome.

Après avoir insisté sur l'intérêt de l'étude du pollen aquatique et » particulièrement du vacuome, encore peu connu, l'auteur décrit les méthodes employées et les résultats de ses observations in vivo et après coloration vitale au rouge neutre. Il décrit l'aspect du vacuome chez les jeunes microspores, chez le pollen arrivé à maturité et suit son évolution au cours de la germination.

Dans le pollen du Ceratophyllurn, le vacuome est toujours bien développé, mais une fraction de celui-ci reste à l'état de primordia ou de granula, comme chez le pollen aérien. Il y aurait donc une spécialisation du vacuome ; une partie de celui-ci se chargeant plus particulièrement de la régulation des échanges hydriques.

Suivent quelques considérations sur le rôle éventuel du vacuome dans le pollen de cette plante aquatique.
Etude sur deux Inocybe rougissants: I. godeyi Gill et I. pudica Kühner.
Authors: Josserand Marcel , Kühner Robert
Published: October 2016

I. — Deux espèces rougissantes généralement confondues , Inocybe Godeyi ss. Boud., etc. et 7. Pudica Kûhner ont été décrites comparativement ; des dessins en ont été donnés.

2. — Leur synonymie a été longuement discutée. Entre autres con¬ clusions, il se dégage accessoirement de cette discussion que si I. Godeyi au sens premier de Gillet est très douteux, I. rubescens Gillet, par contre, ne l'est pas ; contrairement à l'opinion admise, il appartient à un tout autre groupe et est sûrement synonyme de I. Patouillardi.
Recherches sur les simblospores de Myxomycète
Authors: Locquin Marcel
Published: October 2016

Les simblospores des Myxomycètes possèdent deux flagelles d'inégale longueur et pourvus de mastigonèmes.
Un critère nouveau pour la définition du genre Coprinus
Authors: Locquin Marcel
Published: October 2016

Les spores des Coprins contiennent deux pigments : l'un de nature mélanique, l'autre de nature inconnue. Ce dernier peut être décoloré par actions successives de l'ammoniaque et de l'acide acétique. C'est une réaction particulière au genre Coprinus.
Recherches sur la microspore du G.Ceratophyllum: pH intracellulaire.
Authors: Mouraview I.
Published: October 2016

Après avoir rappelé les recherches récentes d'Ellengorn et Jablokova sur le pH du pollen de la Tulipe, on expose les observations sur la coloration vitale du pollen aquatique du Ceratophyllum. Dans ce pollen, qui ne traverse pas une période de repos, caractérisée par une déshydratation et une vie ralentie, il est impossible de retrouver les zones, assez bien délimitées, de différents pH. L'acidification du pollen augmente avec le développement et serait très vraisemblablement due à l'accumulation de tannoïdes.
Identification of Donor Origin and Condition of Transplanted Islets in Situ in the Liver of a Type 1 Diabetic Recipient
Authors: Van Der Torren Cornelis R. , Suwandi Jessica S. , Lee Dahae , Van't Wout Ernst-Jan T. , Duinkerken Gaby , Swings Godelieve , Mulder Arend , Claas Frans H. J. , Ling Zhidong , Gillard Pieter , Keymeulen Bart , Veld Peter In't , Roep Bart O.
Published: October 2016

Transplantation of islet allografts into type 1 diabetic recipients usually requires multiple pancreas donors to achieve insulin independence. This adds to the challenges of immunological monitoring of islet transplantation currently relying on surrogate immune markers in peripheral blood. We investigated donor origin and infiltration of islets transplanted in the liver of a T1D patient who died of hemorrhagic stroke 4 months after successful transplantation with two intraportal islet grafts combining six donors. Immunohistological staining for donor HLA using a unique panel of human monoclonal HLA-specific alloantibodies was performed on liver cryosections after validation on cryopreserved kidney, liver, and pancreas and compared with auto- and alloreactive T-cell immunity in peripheral blood. HLA-specific staining intensity and signal-to-noise ratio varied between tissues from very strong on kidney glomeruli, less in liver, kidney tubuli, and endocrine pancreas to least in exocrine pancreas, complicating the staining of inflamed islets in an HLA-disparate liver. Nonetheless, five islets from different liver lobes could be attributed to donors 1, 2, and 5 by staining patterns with multiple HLA types. All islets showed infiltration with CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that was mirrored by progressive alloreactive responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to donors 1, 2, and 5 after transplantation. Stably low rates of peripheral islet autoreactive T-cell responses after islet infusion fit with a complete HLA mismatch between grafts and recipient and exclude the possibility that the islet-infiltrating CD8 T cells were autoreactive. HLA-specific immunohistochemistry can identify donor origin in situ and differentiate graft dysfunction and immunological destruction.
Notion of Identification: A Philosophical Case Study
Authors: Mutanen Arto
Published: October 2016

Human life should be good life in the real world which is not merely a function of objective facts but also a function of subjective factors like hopes, fears, interests, etc. Goodness, or excellence, is an ethical notion. The factors of good life cannot be identified solely by using the so-called factual (descriptive) methods of identification. This means that the identification cannot be fully “objective” or fully “public”. Furthermore, there is a need for other methods of identification that also take into account certain “subjective” aspects of the object of identification. Following Jaakko Hintikka we call these methods contextual (perspectival) methods of identification. Here ethics is not a set of ethical rules but rather the practical study of human life. How should we live our unique life? A philosophical-conceptual study is thus practical for this purpose. This is what Aristotle called practical wisdom (phronēsis).
ROTATION IN THE PLEIADES WITH K2. I. DATA AND FIRST RESULTS
Authors: Rebull L. M. , Stauffer J. R. , Bouvier J. , Cody A. M. , Hillenbrand L. A. , Soderblom D. R. , Valenti J. , Barrado D. , Bouy H. , Ciardi D. , Pinsonneault M. , Stassun K. , Micela G. , Aigrain S. , Vrba F. , Somers G. , Christiansen J. , Gillen E. , Cameron A. Collier
Published: October 2016

Young (125 Myr), populous (>1000 members), and relatively nearby, the Pleiades has provided an anchor for stellar angular momentum models for both younger and older stars. We used K2 to explore the distribution of rotation periods in the Pleiades. With more than 500 new periods for Pleiades members, we are vastly expanding the number of Pleiades with periods, particularly at the low-mass end. About 92% of the members in our sample have at least one measured spot-modulated rotation period. For the ∼8% of the members without periods, non-astrophysical effects often dominate (saturation, etc.), such that periodic signals might have been detectable, all other things being equal. We now have an unusually complete view of the rotation distribution in the Pleiades. The relationship between P and

follows the overall trends found in other Pleiades studies. There is a slowly rotating sequence for 1.1 ≲ 

 ≲ 3.7 and a primarily rapidly rotating population for

 ≳ 5.0. There is a region in which there seems to be a disorganized relationship between P and

for 3.7 ≲ 

 ≲ 5.0. Paper II continues the discussion, focusing on multiperiod structures, and Paper III speculates about the origin and evolution of the period distribution in the Pleiades.
ROTATION IN THE PLEIADES WITH K2. III. SPECULATIONS ON ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION
Authors: Stauffer John , Rebull Luisa , Bouvier Jerome , Hillenbrand Lynne A. , Collier-Cameron Andrew , Pinsonneault Marc , Aigrain Suzanne , Barrado David , Bouy Herve , Ciardi David , Cody Ann Marie , David Trevor , Micela Giusi , Soderblom David , Somers Garrett , Stassun Keivan G. , Valenti Jeff , Vrba Frederick J.
Published: October 2016

We use high-quality K2 light curves for hundreds of stars in the Pleiades to better understand the angular momentum evolution and magnetic dynamos of young low-mass stars. The K2 light curves provide not only rotational periods but also detailed information from the shape of the phased light curve that was not available in previous studies. A slowly rotating sequence begins at

 ∼ 1.1 (spectral type F5) and ends at

 ∼ 3.7 (spectral type K8), with periods rising from ∼2 to ∼11 days in that interval. A total of 52% of the Pleiades members in that color interval have periods within 30% of a curve defining the slow sequence; the slowly rotating fraction decreases significantly redward of

 = 2.6. Nearly all of the slow-sequence stars show light curves that evolve significantly on timescales less than the K2 campaign duration. The majority of the FGK Pleiades members identified as photometric binaries are relatively rapidly rotating, perhaps because binarity inhibits star–disk angular momentum loss mechanisms during pre-main-sequence evolution. The fully convective late M dwarf Pleiades members (5.0 <

< 6.0) nearly always show stable light curves, with little spot evolution or evidence of differential rotation. During pre-main-sequence evolution from ∼3 Myr (NGC 2264 age) to ∼125 Myr (Pleiades age), stars of 0.3

shed about half of their angular momentum, with the fractional change in period between 3 and 125 Myr being nearly independent of mass for fully convective stars. Our data also suggest that very low mass binaries form with rotation periods more similar to each other and faster than would be true if drawn at random from the parent population of single stars.
PALOMA: A MAGNETIC CV BETWEEN POLARS AND INTERMEDIATE POLARS
Authors: Joshi Arti , Pandey J. C. , Singh K. P. , Agrawal P. C.
Published: October 2016

We present analyses of archival X-ray data obtained from the XMM-Newton satellite and optical photometric data obtained from 1 m class telescopes of ARIES, Nainital of a magnetic cataclysmic variable (MCV) Paloma. Two persistent periods at 156 ± 1 minutes and 130 ± 1 minutes are present in the X-ray data, which we interpret as the orbital and spin periods, respectively. These periods are similar to those obtained from the previous as well as new optical photometric observations. The soft-X-ray excess seen in the X-ray spectrum of Paloma and the averaged X-ray spectra are well fitted by two-temperature plasma models with temperatures of

and

keV with an Fe Kα line and an absorbing column density of 4.6 × 1022 cm−2. This material partially covers 60 ± 2% of the X-ray source. We also present the orbital and spin-phase-resolved spectroscopy of Paloma in the 

energy band and find that the X-ray spectral parameters show orbital and spin-phase dependencies. New results obtained from optical and X-ray studies of Paloma indicate that it belongs to a class of a few magnetic CVs that seem to have the characteristics of both the polars and the intermediate polars.
MINI-FILAMENT ERUPTION AS THE INITIATION OF A JET ALONG CORONAL LOOPS
Authors: Hong Junchao , Jiang Yunchun , Yang Jiayan , Yang Bo , Xu Zhe , Xiang Yongyuan
Published: October 2016

Minifilament eruptions (MFEs) and coronal jets are different types of solar small-scale explosive events. We report an MFE observed at the New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST). As seen in the NVST Hα images, during the rising phase, the minifilament erupts outward orthogonally to its length, accompanied with a flare-like brightening at the bottom. Afterward, dark materials are found to possibly extend along the axis of the expanded filament body. The MFE is analogous to large filament eruptions. However, a simultaneous observation of the Solar Dynamics Observatory shows that a jet is initiated and flows out along nearby coronal loops during the rising phase of the MFE. Meanwhile, small hot loops, which connect the original eruptive site of the minifilament to the footpoints of the coronal loops, are formed successively. A differential emission measure analysis demonstrates that, on the top of the new small loops, a hot cusp structure exists. We conjecture that the magnetic fields of the MFE interact with magnetic fields of the coronal loops. This interaction is interpreted as magnetic reconnection that produces the jet and the small hot loops.
THE DRAGONFLY NEARBY GALAXIES SURVEY. I. SUBSTANTIAL VARIATION IN THE DIFFUSE STELLAR HALOS AROUND SPIRAL GALAXIES
Authors: Merritt Allison , Dokkum Pieter van , Abraham Roberto , Zhang Jielai
Published: October 2016

Galaxies are thought to grow through accretion; as less massive galaxies are disrupted and merge over time, their debris results in diffuse, clumpy stellar halos enveloping the central galaxy. Here we present a study of the variation in the stellar halos of galaxies, using data from the Dragonfly Nearby Galaxies Survey (DNGS). The survey consists of wide field, deep (

mag arcsec−2) optical imaging of nearby galaxies using the Dragonfly Telephoto Array. Our sample includes eight spiral galaxies with stellar masses similar to that of the Milky Way, inclinations of 16-19 degrees and distances between 7-18 Mpc. We construct stellar mass surface density profiles from the observed g-band surface brightness in combination with the g − r color as a function of radius, and compute the halo fractions from the excess stellar mass (relative to a disk+bulge fit) beyond 5 half-mass radii. We find a mean halo fraction of 0.009 ± 0.005 and a large rms scatter of

dex. The peak-to-peak scatter of the halo fraction is a factor of

—while some galaxies feature strongly structured halos resembling that of M31, three of the eight have halos that are completely undetected in our data. We conclude that spiral galaxies as a class exhibit a rich variety in stellar halo properties, implying that their assembly histories have been highly non-uniform. We find no convincing evidence for an environmental or stellar mass dependence of the halo fraction in the sample.
Des intermédiaires sur mesure
Authors: Brunier Sylvain
Published: October 2016

Cet article analyse les politiques de modernisation agricole françaises qui suivent la Seconde Guerre mondiale comme la mise en tension d’une volonté de sélection économique des exploitations agricoles et d’un effort de mobilisation des exploitants eux-mêmes pour assurer leur promotion sociale. Ces politiques reposent sur la mise en place d’un maillage organisationnel d’une finesse inédite dont les conseillers agricoles sont les chevilles ouvrières. L’invention de ces intermédiaires dédiés au projet modernisateur reconfigure les capacités d’action des élites modernisatrices et leur assure une emprise durable sur le secteur agricole.
« Un peuplement de qualité »
Authors: Desage Fabien
Published: October 2016

La lutte contre la ségrégation socio-spatiale fait partie des objectifs affichés des politiques urbaines en France, depuis le début des années 1990 au moins. Longtemps tournée exclusivement vers les « quartiers sensibles », la Loi relative à la solidarité et au renouvellement urbain (SRU) de décembre 2000 semble infléchir la tendance, en obligeant les communes résidentielles périurbaines d’une certaine taille à atteindre progressivement un taux de 20% de logements sociaux minimum. D’abord contournée, l’application de cette loi devient plus effective à partir de 2008. En appuyant sur l’étude de sa mise en œuvre dans l’agglomération lilloise, l’article se propose, dans un premier temps, d’expliquer ce changement d’attitude inattendu des élus concernés. Dans un second temps, en se concentrant sur le cas d’une commune résidentielle supérieure de cette aire urbaine, il pointe la contrepartie essentielle mais discrète de ce ralliement : l’exercice d’une « préférence communale » dans l’attribution des nouveaux logements. Il résulte de cette discrimination discrète que le développement du logement social dans les communes privilégiées, loin d’infléchir les inégalités socio-spatiales à l’échelle des agglomérations, tend plutôt à les renforcer.
Les organisations internationales dépolitisent-elles les relations internationales ?
Authors: Petiteville Franck
Published: October 2016

Cet article vise à questionner le diagnostic fréquemment avancé de « dépolitisation » de la régulation internationale assurée par les organisations internationales (OI), thème qui a rarement fait l’objet d’une réflexion approfondie. Basée sur une revue de la littérature de sociologie, de science politique et d’anthropologie relative aux OI, la démarche consiste donc à systématiser la réflexion sur la dialectique politisation/dépolitisation dans les OI. Les principaux vecteurs de la dépolitisation sont identifiés : le recours au registre éthique et normatif, la neutralisation politique de leur discours, et la mobilisation d’une expertise multiforme à des fins d’autolégitimation apolitique. Sont également analysées les contraintes qui jouent en faveur de la dépolitisation de l’action des OI : contraintes décisionnelles et diplomatiques liées à la structure intergouvernementale de leurs instances de décision, contraintes administratives et culturelles inhérentes à la bureaucratie des OI. Enfin, le concept de dépolitisation est discuté pour ses insuffisances : son incapacité à rendre compte du discours politisé de certaines OI et des effets de politisation ou de repolitisation induits aussi bien par les normes éthiques véhiculées que par l’expertise mobilisée.
Une affaire de marges. L’anthropométrie au conseil de révision, France-Allemagne, 1880-1900
Authors: Hartmann Heinrich
Published: October 2016

En 1891, l’anthropologue allemand Otto Ammon entra en contact avec son collègue René Collignon, médecin militaire à Cherbourg, et une correspondance intense s’instaura entre les deux hommes, au point de constituer un réseau reliant plusieurs anthropomètres en Europe et aux États-Unis. La mensuration des recrues lors des examens devant les conseils de révision était au centre de leurs préoccupations scientifiques. Ces échanges prient pour objet des questions méthodologiques autant qu’ils développèrent une sociabilité transnationale à l’écart des structures académiques, contribuant à doter de légitimité un racisme par les « grands nombres » prétendument objectifs. Ce moment de crise de l’anthropométrie, qui a poussé les chercheurs vers les marges, leur a en même temps servi de ressource qu’une perspective transnationale permet de rendre visible.
Muséophobies. Pour une histoire du musée du point de vue de ses contempteurs
Authors: Labrusse Rémi
Published: October 2016

La muséophobie est aussi vieille que l’idée de musée. En le récusant dans son principe – et non dans telle ou telle de ses modalités – elle contribue à révéler l’étrangeté intrinsèque d’un phénomène – le musée – qui procède d’une situation historique donnée, celle des sociétés occidentales depuis la Révolution. Deux conditions, génératrices à la fois d’angoisse et d’ivresse, caractérisent cette situation : une historicisation radicale de toute réalité et un culte dominant des images, principe de la société du spectacle. Dès l’origine, ces deux aspects sont identifiés dans la pensée de Quatremère de Quincy, cellule-mère d’une critique radicale de l’idée de musée. Après lui, cette critique, quoique toujours minoritaire, s’est perpétuée selon diverses modalités. On propose ici d’en distinguer trois, présentes aussi bien dans la littérature que dans les arts : la phobie mélancolique, l’élan révolutionnaire et l’introspection critique.
Du « grand Musée européen » au musée intérieur : frontières de l’art et de la création chez Théophile Gautier
Authors: Mosseron Maxence
Published: October 2016

Nous étudions dans le présent article la passion presque maladive de Théophile Gautier à l’endroit des collections et musées européens. Sa boulimie pour l’art, au sein de l’institution nouvelle que constitue le musée public au xix e siècle, ne semble pas devoir trouver de limite, jusqu’à verser dans une sorte de pathologie. L’approche esthétique comporte un volet technique lié à l’importance du mode de présentation des œuvres : la muséographie joue ainsi un rôle fondamental de classification des collections exposées, servant la mise en valeur des œuvres elles-mêmes. Gautier aborde également la question des écoles nationales et des lieux clos de leur monstration. Une lecture complète de l’histoire de l’art impose le déplacement, car aucune collection n’atteint l’exhaustivité. Dès lors, seul le « musée imaginaire » ou intérieur permet d’abolir les frontières de l’art, la création autorisant une perméabilité qui, grâce à l’objet conservé, assure la migration infinie de l’œuvre.
L’accrochage par écoles au musée du Louvre : art, philosophie et politique sous la Seconde République
Authors: Dargnies Servane
Published: October 2016

La réorganisation des collections du musée du Louvre immédiatement après la révolution de 1848 participe d’un mouvement général d’appropriation par la critique et les artistes des théories socialistes et républicaines de la monarchie de Juillet. Que faire de l’art du passé dans une société qui prône un art social ? Cette question, lancinante entre 1830 et 1848, ne peut se passer d’une réflexion sur l’institution muséale et montre la dimension à la fois politique et philosophique d’un accrochage de musée. Deux figures de républicains démocrates ont pensé l’accrochage par écoles dans toute sa dimension politique : Philippe-Auguste Jeanron, directeur des Musées nationaux du 28 février 1848 au 25 décembre 1849, et son camarade républicain Théophile Thoré, journaliste et critique influent de la monarchie de Juillet.
L’histoire au noir de Philippe Muray. Le xix e siècle à travers les âges entre littérature et histoire
Authors: Cuchet Guillaume
Published: October 2016

En avril 1984, l’écrivain Philippe Muray publiait un gros livre intitulé Le xix e siècle à travers les âges qui fit forte impression. Il se présentait comme un projet d’archéologie culturelle du monde contemporain fondé sur l’idée de « dixneuviémité », celle-ci désignant à la fois l’esprit du xix e siècle et une tendance de l’esprit humain auquel le xix e siècle historique aurait donné forme et place dans la culture. Au cœur de cette « dixneuviémité » se trouvait selon l’auteur l'« occulto-socialisme » − l'« ocsoc » en abrégé −, un mélange de progressisme politique et de religiosité hétérodoxe dont Hugo incarnait le type le plus achevé. La thèse, volontairement polémique, est illustrée par tout un voyage dans la littérature du siècle, grande et petite, d’imagination et de doctrine, au cours duquel Muray évalue la part variable de « dixneuviémité » de ses différents protagonistes. L’ouvrage est devenu un classique paradoxal de l’historiographie du xix e siècle qui continue de susciter chez les spécialistes des réactions très contrastées. Si sa dimension littéraire est évidente, Muray y déploie bel et bien un certain type d’opération historiographique qui a prouvé sa fécondité par sa capacité à proposer une vision singulière du siècle, à inventer de nouveaux objets et par certaines de ses thèses qui, aujourd’hui encore, sont susceptibles de faire réfléchir.
Effect of primary processing on the distribution of free and modifiedFusarium mycotoxins in naturally contaminated oats
Authors: Ivanova L. , Sahlstrøm S. , Rud I. , Uhlig S. , Fæste C.K. , Eriksen G.S. , Divon H.H.
Published: October 2016

Oat (Avena sativa L.) ranks seventh in the world cereal production and is considered to be an important source for many valuable components of nutritional and biological importance, i.e. proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fibre, minerals and vitamins. Because of these properties the amount of oat used for human consumption has increased progressively during the last years. Unfortunately, the quality of this grain crop is often compromised by mycotoxin contamination, which is relatively ubiquitous despite efforts to control the problem. Therefore, it is important to investigate the distribution pattern of mycotoxins and their conjugated derivatives in contaminated oat grains. For this purpose we have developed a state-of-the-art multi-mycotoxin high-resolution mass spectrometry method and analysed oat samples for their content of the most important mycotoxins commonly occurring in Norwegian cereal grain. Quantitative mapping of selectedFusarium free and modified mycotoxins was performed in fractions collected during processing trials consisting of dehulling and sequential pearling. Both the derivative free mycotoxins and their metabolites were mainly present in the hulls compared to the oat kernel, thus dehulling resulted in a significant reduction of the total mycotoxin load, followed by some further reduction by pearling. Furthermore, free and modified mycotoxins were unevenly distributed in relation to each other throughout the grain fractions, showing a shift towards glucosidated forms, such as deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside and HT-2-3-glucoside in the oat kernel, which highlights potential food safety concerns associated within planta modified mycotoxins.
Deoxynivalenol in the liver and lymphoid organs of rats: effects of dose and duration on immunohistological changes
Authors: Bracarense A.P.F.L. , Basso K.M. , Da Silva E.O. , Payros D. , Oswald I.P.
Published: October 2016

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most prevalent type B trichothecenes present in food inducing adverse effects, including intestinal changes and immunosuppression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of DON on rats exposed for 7, 14 and 28 days to mycotoxin-contaminated diets, using histological and immunohistochemical analyses on liver and lymphoid organs. Fifty rats received a control diet, or a diet contaminated with 1.75 mg/kg of DON for 30 days, or a diet contaminated with 11.4 mg/kg of DON for 7, 14 or 30 days. Ingestion of contaminated feed induced a significant increase in the lesional score in the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. The main histological findings observed in the liver were cytoplasmic vacuolisation and hepatocelular megalocytosis. A significant increase in hepatocyte proliferation was observed in rats that received 1.75 mg/kg of DON. Lymphoid depletion was the main histological alteration observed in lymphoid organs, resulting in a significant increase in the lesional score in all groups that received the contaminated diets. The histological changes and lymphocyte apoptosis were more severe in lymph nodes of rats fed 11.4 mg/kg of DON during 30 days. The results of the morphological and immunohistochemical analyses suggest that the ingestion of DON can induce functional hepatic impairment and immunosuppression in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
Un nuevo género y una nueva especie de eriocóccido (Homoptera: Coccinea: Eriococcidae) de Tierra del Fuego (Chile)
Authors: Gavrilov-Zimin Ilya A. , Przhiboro Andrey A.
Published: October 2016

Se describe e ilustra Telmatococcus igniumterrae gen. nov. et sp. nov. basado en el material recolectado en una turbera de esfagno situada en el extremo sur de Sudamérica (Tierra del Fuego). El nuevo género monotípico se diferencia de los restantes géneros de Eriococcidae por tener setas cilíndricas cortas y truncadas en el aparato anal y bolsas con abudantes poros quinqueloculares cerca del aparato anal. También se describe el hábitat del nuevo taxón.
Environmental Landscape Design for Alzheimer's
Authors: Yücel Gökçen Firdevs
Published: October 2016

People suffering from Alzheimer's may feel anxious or unsettled as a result of these symptoms – in particular the decrease in their cognitive abilities and in their ability to take into account new information or external stimuli – as well from the effects of their medications. Because of their sensitivity, such individuals find it difficult to keep up a positive attitude and remain emotionally stable for long: they experience mood swings, and are unable to keep their negative emotions in check. For this reason, the best practice in treatment is to help them maintain a positive view of their lives and balance their emotions, both personally, in terms of keeping their sense of self, and in social environments, where they have to recognize and interact with others. In this way, good environmental landscape design will have an important role to play in improving their quality of life.
The Status of Research into Intention Recognition
Authors: Wang Luyao , Li Chunlin , Wu Jinglong
Published: October 2016

In recent years, service robots have been widely used in many fields, especially for assisting the elderly and disabled. For example, the medical care of patients with Alzheimer's disease has become a worldwide problem. Existing service robots with some intelligence quotient can perform actions that are programmed by a human. However, the robot cannot understand human intentions or communicate with people naturally. Understanding the intent of the service object could allow the robot to provide better service. Therefore, the most critical component of human-computer interactions is intention recognition. There are currently many methods by which intention recognition can be achieved, such as EMG, EOG and EEG. In addition, emotion is one of the important factors during intention recognition, and this has been a breakthrough notion. This chapter summarizes the current status of research into intention recognition and gives a brief description of the relationship between emotion and intention. We hope to provide more ideas for optimizing human-computer interactions.
Research on Current Situations for Functional Classification of Timing
Authors: Xu Zhihan , Wu Qiong , Li Chunlin , Li Yujie , Han Hongbin , Chui Dehua , Takahashi Satoshi , Wu Jinglong
Published: October 2016

Time is a fundamental variable that must be quantified by organisms to survive. Depending on the previous functional definition, timing can be divided into explicit timing and implicit timing. For an explicit timing task, the estimation of the stimulus duration is given in the form of perceptual discrimination (perceptual timing) or a motor response (motor timing). For implicit timing, participants can subconsciously (exogenous) or consciously (endogenous) establish temporal expectation. However, the ability of humans to explicitly or implicitly direct attention in time varies with age. Moreover, specific brain mechanisms have been suggested for temporal processing of different time scales (microseconds, hundreds of milliseconds, seconds to minutes, and circadian rhythms). Furthermore, there have been numerous research studies on the neural networks involved in explicit timing during the measurement of sub-second and supra-second intervals.
MRI-Compatible Haptic Stimuli Delivery Systems for Investigating Neural Substrates of Touch
Authors: Yu Jiabin , Wu Zhiwei , Yang Jiajia , Wu Jinglong
Published: October 2016

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely used to study human tactile perception. To reveal many unsolved problems to human tactile perception, developing complex and fMRI-compatible stimulation devices are crucial for tactile perception research. These stimulation devices, combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), can assist researchers in analyzing human brain activity. Through analyzing human brain activity, researchers can clarify how the human brain controls the body. Meanwhile, these device scan provide the best rehabilitation program for patients. This chapter presents previous fMRI-compatible stimulation devices, including texture stimulation, shape stimulation, vibrotactile stimulation, etc., which involve the hands, face, ears, legs and other parts of the body. In this chapter, we examine the design of the devices in greater detail. Finally, we summarize the characteristics of these devices and create an outlook for future fMRI-compatible devices.
Design of Reconfigurable Architectures for Steganography System
Authors: Shet Sathish , Aswath A. R. , Hanumantharaju M. C. , Gao Xiao-Zhi
Published: October 2016

The most crucial task in real-time processing of image or video steganography algorithms is to reduce the computational delay and increase the throughput of a steganography embedding and extraction system. This problem is effectively addressed by implementing steganography hiding and extraction methods in reconfigurable hardware. This chapter presents a new high-speed reconfigurable architectures that have been designed for Least Significant Bit (LSB) and multi-bit based image steganography algorithm that suits Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) implementation. Typical architectures of LSB steganography comprises secret message length finder, message hider, extractor, etc. The architectures may be realized either by using traditional hardware description languages (HDL) such as VHDL or Verilog. The designed architectures are synthesizable in FPGAs since the modules are RTL compliant. Before the FPGA/ASIC implementation, it is convenient to validate the steganography system in software to verify the concepts intended to implement.
Object-Based Surveillance Video Synopsis Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Gandhi Shefali , Ratanpara Tushar V.
Published: October 2016

Video synopsis provides representation of the long surveillance video, while preserving the essential activities of the original video. The activity in the original video is covered into a shorter period by simultaneously displaying multiple activities, which originally occurred at different time segments. As activities are to be displayed in different time segments than original video, the process begins with extracting moving objects. Temporal median algorithm is used to model background and foreground objects are detected using background subtraction method. Each moving object is represented as a space-time activity tube in the video. The concept of genetic algorithm is used for optimized temporal shifting of activity tubes. The temporal arrangement of tubes which results in minimum collision and maintains chronological order of events is considered as the best solution. The time-lapse background video is generated next, which is used as background for the synopsis video. Finally, the activity tubes are stitched on the time-lapse background video using Poisson image editing.
Intelligent Traffic Monitoring System through Auto and Manual Controlling using PC and Android Application
Authors: Roy Paromita , Patra Nivedita , Mukherjee Amartya , Ashour Amira S. , Dey Nilanjan , Biswas Satya Priya
Published: October 2016

Traffic congestion in cities is a major problem mainly in developing countries. In order to counter this, many models of traffic systems have been proposed by different scholars. Different ways have been proposed to make the traffic system smarter, reliable and robust. A model is proposed to develop an Intelligent Traffic Monitoring System (ITMS) which uses infrared proximity sensors and a centrally placed microcontroller and uses vehicular length along a lane to implement auto controlling of the traffic. The model also provides mean to control the traffic manually through a PC software and an Android application.
Professional Development for Quality Teaching and Learning
Authors: Powell Cathy G. , Bodur Yasar
Published: October 2016

Quality teaching and student achievement have been the focus of much debate and research throughout the American education system. Despite implementation of teacher professional development, concerns remained about its effectiveness regarding quality teaching and student achievement. Thus, a paradigm shift ensued to promote effective, on-going capacity-building teacher professional development, known as job-embedded professional development. Educational milieus experienced reforms ranging from high-stakes testing to the standards movement, and recently, teacher evaluations incorporating value-added measures, all of which underscore professional development significance. The purpose of this chapter is to review, analyze, and synthesize current literature on teacher professional development, the need for job-embedded professional development, implementation challenges, and the relationship between teacher professional development and student learning outcomes. The chapter also examines gaps in the literature, followed by solutions, recommendations, and future research directions.