bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of fire on CO2, CH4, and N2O exchange in a well‐drained Arctic heath ecosystem
Authors: Hermesdorf Lena , Elberling Bo , D'Imperio Ludovica , Xu Wenyi , Lambæk Anders , Ambus Per L.
Published: May 2022

Wildfire frequency and expanse in the Arctic have increased in recent years and are projected to increase further with changes in climatic conditions due to warmer and drier summers. Yet, there is a lack of knowledge about the impacts such events may have on the net greenhouse gas (GHG) balances in Arctic ecosystems. We investigated in situ effects of an experimental fire in 2017 on carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) surface fluxes in the most abundant tundra ecosystem in West Greenland in ambient and warmer conditions. Measurements from the growing seasons 2017 to 2019 showed that burnt areas became significant net CO2 sources for the entire study period, driven by increased ecosystem respiration (ER) immediately after the fire and decreased gross ecosystem production (GEP). Warming by open‐top chambers significantly increased both ER and GEP in control, but not in burnt plots. In contrast to CO2, measurements suggest that the overall sink capacity of atmospheric CH4, as well as net N2O emissions, were not affected by fire in the short term, but only immediately after the fire. The minor effects on CH4 and N2O, which was surprising given the significantly higher nitrate availability observed in burnt plots. However, the minor effects are aligned with the lack of significant effects of fire on soil moisture and soil temperature. Net uptake and emissions of all three GHG from burnt soils were less temperature‐sensitive than in the undisturbed control plots. Overall, this study highlights that wildfires in a typical tundra ecosystem in Greenland may not lead to markedly increased net GHG emissions other than CO2. Additional investigations are needed to assess the consequences of more severe fires.
Linking soil phosphorus with forest litterfall resistance and resilience to cyclone disturbance: A pantropical meta‐analysis
Authors: Bomfim Barbara , Walker Anthony P. , McDowell William H. , Zimmerman Jess K. , Feng Yanlei , Kueppers Lara M.
Published: May 2022

While tropical cyclone regimes are shifting with climate change, the mechanisms underpinning the resistance (ability to withstand disturbance‐induced change) and resilience (capacity to return to pre‐disturbance reference) of tropical forest litterfall to cyclones remain largely unexplored pantropically. Single‐site studies in Australia and Hawaii suggest that litterfall on low‐phosphorus (P) soils is more resistant and less resilient to cyclones. We conducted a meta‐analysis to investigate the pantropical importance of total soil P in mediating forest litterfall resistance and resilience to 22 tropical cyclones. We evaluated cyclone‐induced and post‐cyclone litterfall mass (g/m2/day), and P and nitrogen (N) fluxes (mg/m2/day) and concentrations (mg/g), all indicators of ecosystem function and essential for nutrient cycling. Across 73 case studies in Australia, Guadeloupe, Hawaii, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Taiwan, total litterfall mass flux increased from ~2.5 ± 0.3 to 22.5 ± 3 g/m2/day due to cyclones, with large variation among studies. Litterfall P and N fluxes post‐cyclone represented ~5% and 10% of the average annual fluxes, respectively. Post‐cyclone leaf litterfall N and P concentrations were 21.6 ± 1.2% and 58.6 ± 2.3% higher than pre‐cyclone means. Mixed‐effects models determined that soil P negatively moderated the pantropical litterfall resistance to cyclones, with a 100 mg P/kg increase in soil P corresponding to a 32% to 38% decrease in resistance. Based on 33% of the resistance case studies, total litterfall mass flux reached pre‐disturbance levels within one‐year post‐disturbance. A GAMM indicated that soil P, gale wind duration and time post‐cyclone jointly moderate the short‐term resilience of total litterfall, with the nature of the relationship between resilience and soil P contingent on time and wind duration. Across pantropical forests observed to date, our results indicate that litterfall resistance and resilience in the face of intensifying cyclones will be partially determined by total soil P.
“We all like you […], stay calm”—My journey from an unappreciated and not listened to a promising and supported researcher
Authors: Galante Vinicius
Published: May 2022

In this paper, my purpose is to explore the issue of sexism in businesses and business schools from a subjectivist and experiential perspective. In order to do that, I used autobiographic narratives of events that have happened to me throughout my life as a method of data generation, providing critical accounts of my lived experience, in the light of the theoretical lens by which I address the topic. Considering gender as a performative act that is fundamental to the process of our subjectivation, I argue that being a black queer man results in the impossibility of performing an intelligible gender in the realms of businesses and business schools in three fashions: first, by the impossibility of performing hegemonic (white) masculinity; second, by the impossibility of performing a subordinated tough masculinity; and third, by the prohibition of performing femininity, considering the prevailing misogyny in societies. I suggest that this impossibility of gendering myself and, hence, becoming a subject could be challenged by a coalition with white, cis, heterosexual, and in positions of power, allies, and potential alliances, which connect individual and collective resistance acts.
Serum inflammatory markers and leukocyte profiles accurately describe hidradenitis suppurativa disease severity
Authors: Andriano Tyler M. , Benesh Gabrielle , Babbush Kayla M. , Hosgood H. Dean , Lin Juan , Cohen Steven R.
Published: May 2022

Background

Inflammatory markers and leukocyte profiles have not been longitudinally evaluated as objective signs of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) severity. We sought to assess C‐reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and leukocyte profiles as reliable indicators of HS severity.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of 404 patients seen at the Einstein/Montefiore HS Center, Bronx, New York, between March 2019 and November 2020. Associations of disease severity (HS‐Physician Global Assessment) with inflammatory markers and leukocyte profiles were assessed by odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) incorporating up to four visits per patient, adjusting for baseline gender, age, BMI, and smoking status.

Results

Patients with severe disease had elevated CRP (OR 1.87; 95% CI 1.49, 2.34), ESR (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.03, 1.04), IL‐6 (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.00, 1.16), leukocytes (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.14, 1.31), neutrophils (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.20, 1.42), eosinophils (OR 14.40; 95% CI 2.97, 69.74), basophils (OR 2.53; 95% CI 1.09, 5.85), monocytes (OR 5.36; 95% CI 2.49, 11.53), and neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratios (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.35, 1.96) but decreased lymphocytes (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.68, 1.10).

Conclusions

This novel longitudinal study of inflammatory markers and leukocyte profiles offers critical laboratory measures to confirm clinically determined disease severity over time.
Sodium‐glucose cotransport‐2 inhibitor induced ketoacidosis following coronary artery bypass surgery: implications for management
Authors: McCann Michael , O'Brien Aoife , Larbalestier Robert , Davis Tim
Published: May 2022

Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an uncommon, but well recognised, life‐threatening complication of SGLT2i. In a retrospective study of patients with T2D undergoing cardiac surgery at our institution, DKA occurred in 15.3% of patients taking SGLT2i at the time of surgery, compared with 0.47% of non‐SGLT2i‐treated patients. Intravenous insulin in the first 24 h after surgery was associated with a significantly lower risk of DKA in SGLT2i patients. Use of an insulin infusion should be considered in these patients, especially in those who are unable to cease their SGLT2i pre‐operatively.
Outcomes in Medicare‐ineligible people living with human immunodeficiency virus in a large healthcare network in Melbourne 2004–2019
Authors: Hammerschlag Yael , Korman Tony M. , Cisera Kathryn , Woolley Ian J.
Published: May 2022

Australia has approximately 1.6 million Medicare‐ineligible residents, of whom around 450 are living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). We examined the outcomes in a cohort of 50 Medicare‐ineligible patients presenting to our hospital network over a 15‐year period: 31 women (62%) and 19 men. Twenty‐four were newly diagnosed. Sixteen of 24 remained in Australia more than 1 year after diagnosis. Although the mean CD4 count at initial contact was 353 cells/mm3 (range 3–2228; standard deviation (SD) = 452.88), 13 people required treatment for opportunistic infections and 21 people required hospital admissions related to HIV, incurring total estimated hospital costs of $886 310. The mean number of contact years spent with the service was 2.2 (range 0–12; SD = 2.6) and 20 people remain under care. Twenty‐seven PLHIV remain in Australia, seven have transferred care within Australia, two people are known to have died and eight are lost to follow up. The median number of admissions was 0 (range 0–4; SD = 1) and median length of admission was 5 days (range 0–73; SD = 19). Many people leave Australia shortly after a diagnosis of HIV, but most Medicare‐ineligible PLHIV remain. Delays in diagnosing HIV and acquiring Medicare status are associated with a significant burden of disease and cost. Keeping people well, on therapy and out of hospital is likely to be cost‐saving in addition to good clinical practice.
Evaluation of fissure sealant retention rates using Isolite in comparison with rubber dam and cotton roll isolation techniques: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mattar Rahif E. , Sulimany Ayman M. , Binsaleh Saad S. , Hamdan Hebah M. , Al‐Majed Ibrahim M.
Published: May 2022

Background

Clinical studies comparing retention rates of pit and fissure sealants placed under Isolite, rubber dam, and cotton roll combined have not been conducted until now.

Aim

To evaluate the retention rate of pit and fissure sealants (PFS) placed under three different isolation techniques (Isolite system [IS], rubber dam isolation [RDI], and cotton roll isolation [CRI]).

Design

One hundred and forty‐four teeth from 48 children aged 6–15 years attending paediatric dental clinics at King Saud University in Saudi Arabia were randomized to receive three PFS using three isolation techniques. The children that met the inclusion criteria were randomized by a simple block random allocation method. All PFS were placed by an operator and evaluated by a blinded evaluator. The evaluation scores were recorded at baseline and followed up over a period of 12–22 months.

Results

The children's mean age was 8.58 ± 1.93 years. Seven patients were lost to follow‐up. A total of 123 teeth were clinically evaluated; of these teeth, 22% had completely retained sealants, whereas approximately 66% had a partial loss of sealants, and approximately 12% had a complete loss of sealants. There were, however, no significant differences between the three isolation techniques on the retention rate of pit and fissure sealant.

Conclusion

The types of isolation had no impact on the retention rate of pit and fissure sealant.
Biallelic KITLG variants lead to a distinct spectrum of hypomelanosis and sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Vona B. , Schwartzbaum D.A. , Rodriguez A.A. , Lewis S.S. , Toosi M.B. , Radhakrishnan P. , Bozan N. , Akın R. , Doosti M. , Manju R. , Duman D. , Sineni C.J. , Nampoothiri S. , Karimiani E.G. , Houlden H. , Bademci G. , Tekin M. , Girisha K.M. , Maroofian R. , Douzgou S.
Published: May 2022

Background

Pathogenic variants in KITLG, a crucial protein involved in pigmentation and neural crest cell migration, cause non‐syndromic hearing loss, Waardenburg syndrome type 2, familial progressive hyperpigmentation and familial progressive hyper‐ and hypopigmentation, all of which are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.

Objectives

To describe the genotypic and clinical spectrum of biallelic KITLG‐variants.

Methods

We used a genotype‐first approach through the GeneMatcher data sharing platform to collect individuals with biallelic KITLG variants and reviewed the literature for overlapping reports.

Results

We describe the first case series with biallelic KITLG variants; we expand the known hypomelanosis spectrum to include a ‘sock‐and‐glove‐like’, symmetric distribution, progressive repigmentation and generalized hypomelanosis. We speculate that KITLG biallelic loss‐of‐function variants cause generalized hypomelanosis, whilst variants with residual function lead to a variable auditory‐pigmentary disorder mostly reminiscent of Waardenburg syndrome type 2 or piebaldism.

Conclusions

We provide consolidating evidence that biallelic KITLG variants cause a distinct auditory‐pigmentary disorder. We evidence a significant clinical variability, similar to the one previously observed in KIT‐related piebaldism.
Curettage vs. cryosurgery for superficial basal cell carcinoma: a prospective, randomised and controlled trial
Authors: Backman E.J. , Polesie S. , Berglund S. , Gillstedt M. , Sjöholm A. , Modin M. , Paoli J.
Published: May 2022

Background

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer in the world and has a rising incidence. Current guidelines for low‐risk BCC including superficial BCC (sBCC) recommend several treatment options including destructive treatment methods, such as cryosurgery with or without prior curettage or curettage and electrodesiccation. Curettage only (i.e. without subsequent cryosurgery or electrodesiccation) is a simple and quick destructive treatment method used for many benign skin lesions but has not been sufficiently evaluated for the treatment of sBCCs.

Objectives

The objective was to compare the effectiveness of curettage vs. cryosurgery for sBCCs in terms of overall clinical clearance rates after 1 year as well as wound healing times.

Methods

A single‐centre non‐inferiority clinical trial was conducted. Non‐facial sBCCs with a diameter of 5–20 mm were randomised to either cryosurgery using one freeze–thaw cycle or curettage. At follow‐up visits, treatment areas were evaluated regarding the presence of residual tumour after 3–6 months and recurrence after 1 year. Further, wound healing times were assessed.

Results

In total, 228 sBCCs in 97 patients were included in the analysis. At 3–6 months, no residual tumours were seen in any of the treated areas. After 1 year, the clinical clearance rates for curettage and cryosurgery were 95.7% and 100%, respectively (P = 0.060). However, the non‐inferiority analysis was inconclusive. Wound healing times were shorter for curettage (4 weeks) compared to cryosurgery (5 weeks; P < 0.0001). Overall, patient satisfaction at 1 year was high.

Conclusions

Both treatment methods showed high clinical clearance rates after 1 year, whilst curettage reduced the wound healing time.
Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Dendroctonus valens and elimination of nuclear mitochondrial pseudogene interference
Authors: Zhang Sainan , Shi Fengming , Xu Yabei , Tao Jing , Zong Shixiang
Published: May 2022

Nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts) are short, nonfunctional DNA sequences resulting from mitochondrial gene transfer to the nuclear genome; these sequences seriously affect the accuracy of mitochondrial gene for population genetic and phylogenetic analyses. The nuclear genome of Dendroctonus valens (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytidae), a major forest quarantine pest that seriously threatens the ecological security of pine forests, contains a large number of numts, and these interfere with analyses of genetic variation based on the mitochondrial cox1 gene. To eliminate interference by numts, we sequenced, assembled and analysed the complete mitochondrial genome of D. valens. The mitogenome is a circular molecule of 16,547 bp and shows typical gene content and arrangement. We identified its codon preference, tRNA secondary structure and nucleotide evolution rate. Furthermore, we designed primers for long fragment amplification to eliminate numts in the mitochondrial cox1 gene. Finally, amplified products were sequenced with universal primers, and cox1 gene sequences (464 bp) without numts were successfully obtained. The Heilihe Nature Reserve (harbouring Pinus tabulaeformis) in Inner Mongolia, is in the early stage of D. valens northward invasion, with a high population genetic diversity. We hypothesized that the high genetic diversity was related to human activities around the reserve and the reproductive characteristics in the early stage of D. valens invasion. The newly developed method resolves the issue of numt interference and lays a foundation for the analyses of genetic diversity in D. valens populations in the region as well as its invasion routes.
Circulating tumor cells: A step toward precision medicine in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Teng Pai‐Chi , Agopian Vatche G , Lin Ting‐Yi , You Sungyong , Zhu Yazhen , Tseng Hsian‐Rong , Yang Ju Dong
Published: May 2022

Serum alpha‐fetoprotein and radiologic imaging are the most commonly used tests for early diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of treatment response in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the accuracy of these tests is limited, and they may not reflect the underlying biology of the tumor. Thus, developing highly accurate novel HCC biomarkers reflecting tumor biology is a clinically unmet need. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have long been proposed as a noninvasive biomarker in clinical oncology. Most CTC assays utilize immunoaffinity‐based, size‐based, and/or enrichment‐free mechanisms followed by immunocytochemical staining to characterize CTCs. The prognostic value of HCC CTC enumeration has been extensively validated. Subsets of CTCs expressing mesenchymal markers are also reported to have clinical significance. In addition, researchers have been devoting their efforts to molecular characterizations of CTCs (e.g. genetics and transcriptomics) as molecular profiling can offer a more accurate readout and provide biological insights. As new molecular profiling techniques, such as digital polymerase chain reaction, are developed to detect minimal amounts of DNA/RNA, several research groups have established HCC CTC digital scoring systems to quantify clinically relevant gene panels. Given the versatility of CTCs to provide intact molecular and functional data that reflects the underlying tumor, CTCs have great potential as a noninvasive biomarker in HCC. Large‐scale, prospective studies for HCC CTCs with a standardized protocol are necessary for successful clinical translation.
Mobilizing anti‐discrimination law: the litigation strategies of UK and French trade unions compared
Authors: GUILLAUME CéCILE , CHAPPE VINCENT‐ARNAUD
Published: May 2022

Based on cross‐national comparative research conducted in France and the United Kingdom, this article explores to what extent and under what conditions trade unions situated in different legal systems have turned to the courts to challenge discrimination at work. It investigates the interplay between a broad range of structural factors that offer specific opportunities, and the way in which trade unionists interpret contexts to promote legal mobilization in addition to or in place of other repertoires of action. In so doing, the article contributes to the understanding of anti‐discrimination law enforcement and the role of micro‐level actors in enabling litigation strategies.
Illuminating antiracist pedagogy in nursing education
Authors: Iheduru‐Anderson Kechi , Waite Roberta
Published: May 2022

In the profession of nursing, whiteness continues to be deeply rooted because of the uncritical recognition of the white racial domination evident within the ranks of nursing leadership. White privilege is exerted in its ascendency and policy‐making within the nursing discipline and in the Eurocentric agenda that commands nursing pedagogy. While attention to antiracism has recently increased, antiracism pedagogy in nursing education is nascent. Pedagogical approaches in the nursing profession are essential. Because it encompasses the strategies used to transmit the science in how nurses practice and teach, which has predominantly been informed using a Eurocentric lens. This paper presents a literature review on antiracist pedagogy in nursing education, discussing how nurse educators can integrate antiracism pedagogy in nursing education, highlighting examples presented by the authors. Key terms related to antiracism are reviewed. The resultant themes from the literature review include resistance to antiracist pedagogy, managing emotional responses, and supporting transformative learning using an antiracist approach. The primary implementation of Eurocentric pedagogical approaches whiteness pervasive in nursing education must be uprooted. Antiracist and other antioppressive learning approaches must be embraced to understand the insidiousness of racial inequities and its power in sustaining structural oppression in nursing academia.
The miR319/TaGAMYB3 module regulates plant architecture and improves grain yield in common wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Jian Chao , Hao Pingan , Hao Chenyang , Liu Shujuan , Mao Hude , Song Qilu , Zhou Yongbin , Yin Shuining , Hou Jian , Zhang Weijun , Zhao Huixian , Zhang Xueyong , Li Tian
Published: May 2022

Plant architecture is a key determinant of crop productivity and adaptation. The highly conserved microRNA319 (miR319) family functions in various biological processes, but little is known about how miR319 regulates plant architecture in wheat (Triticum aestivum).

Here, we determined that the miR319/TaGAMYB3 module controls plant architecture and grain yield in common wheat. Repressing tae‐miR319 using short tandem target mimics resulted in favorable plant architecture traits, including increased plant height, reduced tiller number, enlarged spikes and flag leaves, and thicker culms, as well as enhanced grain yield in field plot tests. Overexpressing tae‐miR319 had the opposite effects on plant architecture and grain yield.

Although both TaPCF8 and TaGAMYB3 were identified as miR319 target genes, genetic complementation assays demonstrated that only miR319‐resistant TaGAMYB3 (rTaGAMYB3) abolished tae‐miR319‐mediated growth inhibition of flag leaves and spikes. TaGAMYB3 functions as a transcriptional activator of downstream genes, including TaPSKR1, TaXTH23, TaMADS5 and TaMADS51, by binding to their promoters. Furthermore, TaGAMYB3 physically interacts with TaBA1, an important regulator of spike development, to additively activate the transcription of downstream genes such as TaMADS5.

Our findings provide insight into how the miR319/TaGAMYB3 module regulates plant architecture and improves grain yield in common wheat.
An initiative to improve follow‐up of patients with diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Sabharwal Sabhyta , Kuo Kristen H. , Roh Shiyoung , Ramsey David J.
Published: May 2022

Background

This study describes the implementation of an electronic medical record (EMR)‐based initiative aimed at identifying and reducing the number of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) lost to follow‐up (LTF).

Method

Providers were enlisted to review the EMRs and re‐engage patients with DR seen 1 year prior and who had not returned for care within the past 6 months. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify demographic, clinical and sociomedical factors associated with being LTF, as well as those predictive of re‐engagement.

Results

Out of 673 patients with DR, 78 (12%) were identified as LTF. Patients LTF were more likely to be younger (p = 0.001) and have poorly controlled haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c ≥ 8%, p = 0.04) and cholesterol (LDL ≥ 100 mg/dL, p < 0.001) levels. These patients were also more likely to have completed fewer ophthalmology appointments (p < 0.001), and less likely to have had retinal imaging within the last year (p < 0.001). Charts reviewed 1 month after the EMR‐based initiative revealed that 22 patients (28%) had been successfully re‐engaged by providers, while 56 patients (72%) remained LTF. History of prior treatment for DR was associated with re‐engagement by providers (p = 0.04). One month following the provider‐based intervention, the LTF rate dropped to 8.3%, and by 1 year only 3.6% of the patients remained LTF.

Conclusions

Electronic medical record‐based tools can successfully identify DR patients as being LTF, offering an opportunity for providers to re‐engage patients in a timely manner. Future studies are needed to determine the long‐term impact of patient re‐engagement on DR outcomes and efficiency of clinical practice.
Correlation between Patient‐Derived Xenograft Modeling and Prognosis in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Sun Mengxiong , Wang Zongyi , Sun Wei , Chen Ming , Ma Xiaojun , Shen Jiakang , Fu Zeze , Zuo Dongqing , Wang Gangyang , Wang Hongsheng , Wang Chongren , Yin Fei , Wang Zhuoying , Zhang Chuanying , Hua Yingqi , Cai Zhengdong
Published: May 2022

Objective

To retrospectively analyze and compare the relationship between the success rate of patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) modeling of osteosarcoma and prognosis (3‐year overall survival rate and disease‐free survival rate) and incidence of lung metastasis.

Methods

The sample group consisted of 57 osteosarcoma patients with definite pathological diagnoses from Shanghai General Hospital from 2015–2017. PDX models in 57 patients were analyzed by retrospective analyses. Among the patients currently inoculated, 20 were tumorigenic in the PDX model, and 37 were nontumorigenic. According to the tumorigenicity of PDXs, the corresponding osteosarcoma patients were divided into two groups. The effects of clinically related indicators on the model were retrospectively compared. The patients were followed, and the 3‐year survival, 3‐year disease‐free survival (DFS), and lung metastasis rates were collected. The relationship between the modeling success and patient prognosis was investigated.

Results

In the chemotherapy‐treated group, the PDX modeling success rate was 17.4%, and in the nonchemotherapy group, the success rate was 47.1%. The success of PDX modeling was related to whether patients received chemotherapy. The success rate of PDX modeling is significantly reduced after receiving chemotherapy. The 3‐year overall survival rate of the PDX‐grafted group was 49.23%, and that of the PDX‐nongrafted group was 65.71%. There was a significant difference between the two groups, showing a strong negative correlation between the 3‐year survival rate and the success rate of the PDX model. The 3‐year disease‐free survival rate of the PDX‐grafted group was 29.54%. The 3‐year DFS of the PDX‐nongrafted group was 50.34%. There was a significant difference between the two groups. Lower grafted rates indicate a higher DFS rate. The incidence of lung metastasis in the PDX‐grafted group was 32.4%, and that in the nongrafted group was 13.1%. There was a significant difference between the two groups. The successful establishment of the PDX model indicates that patients are more likely to have lung metastases.

Conclusions

The success of PDX modeling often indicates poor prognosis (low 3‐year overall survival rate and disease‐free survival rate) and a greater possibility of lung metastasis. Therefore, PDX modeling in osteosarcoma patients can accurately predict the prognosis of patients and the risk of lung metastasis in advance to help us develop better therapeutic strategies.
Part V of Spinoza's Ethics: Intuitive knowledge, contentment of mind, and intellectual love of God
Authors: Primus Kristin
Published: May 2022

In this article, I sketch a way of understanding three important doctrines from Spinoza's Ethics: intuitive knowledge (scientia intuitiva), contentment of mind (acquiescentia mentis), and intellectual love of God (amor Dei intellectualis). Along the way, I suggest how these doctrines could build on more familiar doctrines, including monism, necessitarianism, the parallelism of ideas and bodies, and the “ideas of ideas.”
Dual‐Scheimpflug‐Placido‐disc corneal analysis in cats
Authors: de Andrade Ramos Letícia , Seullner Brandão Cláudia Valéria , Guillermo Arce Carlos , Haddad Pinho Renata , Garbelotti Gonçalves Lenise , Padovani Carlos Roberto
Published: May 2022

Objective

To evaluate the corneal topography and tomography of cats using a dual Scheimpflug and Placido disc device.

Animal studied

Sixteen mixed‐breed cats (32 eyes).

Procedure(s)

Cats were sedated using meperidine (4.3 mg/kg/IM) and xylazine (0.5 mg/kg/IM), and evaluated using the software Galilei™. Values assessed included anterior and posterior corneal curvature, total corneal power, and corneal thickness.

Results

Ten males and six females aged between 18 and 48 months were evaluated. The simulated keratometry (SimK) was 38.37 ± 0.83D, mean posterior keratometry −4.89 ± 0.34D, and mean total corneal power 38.04 ± 0.94D. The mean central corneal thickness (CCT) was 617.34 ± 53.38 μm with a mean thinnest point of 583.74 ± 60.60 μm.

Conclusion

The Galilei™ examination was feasible in cats, enabling a detailed study of the cornea. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the corneal topography and tomography of cats using a device that integrates data from a dual Scheimpflug and Placido disc system.
Computational Fluid Dynamics of the Right Atrium: A Comparison of Modeling Approaches in a Range of Flow Conditions
Authors: Parker Louis P. , Svensson Marcial Anders , Brismar Torkel B. , Broman Lars Mikael , Prahl Wittberg Lisa
Published: May 2022

The right atrium (RA) combines flows from the inferior (IVC) and superior vena cava (SVC). Here RA mixing is simulated using computational fluid dynamics, comparing four modeling approaches. A patient-averaged model (11 M cells) was created from four volunteers. We compared: (1) unsteady k–ω Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) (2) implicit large eddy simulation with second-order upwind convection scheme (iLES-SOU) (3) iLES with bounded-central difference convection scheme (iLES-BCD) and (4) LES with wall-adapting local eddy-viscosity (LES-WALE). A constant inlet flow rate of 6 L/min was applied with both IVC/SVC contributions ranging from 30–70%. A higher density mesh (37 M cells) was also simulated for models 2 and 4 (equal IVC/SVC flow) to assess the accuracy of models 1–4. Results from the 11 M cell LES-WALE model showed good agreement with the 37 M cell meshes. All four 11 M cell models captured the same large-scale flow structures. There were local differences in velocity, time-averaged wall shear stress, and IVC/SVC mixing when compared to LES-WALE, particularly at high SVC flow. Energy spectra and velocity animations from the LES-WALE model suggest the presence of transitional flow. For the general flow structures, all four methods provide similar results, though local quantities can vary greatly. On coarse meshes, the convection scheme and subgrid-scale (SGS) model have a significant impact on results. For RA flows, URANS should be avoided and iLES models are sensitive to convection scheme unless used on a highly resolved grid.
Global Trends in Heavy Oil and Bitumen Recovery and In-Situ Upgrading: A Bibliometric Analysis During 1900–2020 and Future Outlook
Authors: Omoregbe Osaze , Hart Abarasi
Published: May 2022

Bitumen and heavy oil are energy resources with high viscosities, high densities, and high metals and heteroatoms content. This paper reports a bibliometric survey to investigate the historic trends and the future pattern of heavy oil and bitumen recovery and upgrading worldwide. It evaluates research outputs and their impact on the topic from 1900 to 2020. Data were extracted from Web of Science (WoS), vetted using Microsoft Excel, and visualized using VOSViewer. Globally, the study identified 8248 publications. Canada had the highest research output and was also widely cited, and the highest-productive countries are the United States from 1900 to 1970, Canada from 1971 to 2000, Canada from 2001 to 2010, and China from 2011 to 2020. The keywords frequency suggests that most research on heavy oil and bitumen focuses more on viscosity reduction, rheology, asphaltenes, enhanced oil recovery methods, and upgrading. These are the top five most productive institutions in the field: University of Calgary > China University of Petroleum > University of Alberta > Russian Academy of Sciences > China National Petroleum Corporation. The Universities of Calgary and Alberta are, however, the most frequently cited and most impactful, with respective citations and h-indexes of 10367 (50 h-index) and 8556 (47h-index). The future of heavy oil and bitumen depends on crude oil price, the economics of transportation alternatives, climate change policies and technologies, while the design of robust and low-cost catalysts would guide in-situ catalytic upgrading.
Phenotypic plasticity of predatory mite Amblyseius orientalis in response to diet switch
Authors: Yan Hong , Zhang Bo , Li Zepu , Wang Endong , Wei Guo-Shu , Xu Xuenong
Published: May 2022

Phenotypic plasticity, especially the ability to switch to new dietary sources is essential to invertebrates for survival and reproduction in variable environments. Amblyseius orientalis Ehara (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is an effective predatory mite to control spider mites in orchards, whereas its preys or artificial diets used in mass rearing productions are distinct from the field pests. It’s unknown if predator performance could recover immediately after diet change from rearing condition to pest management. In this study, we assessed life-history performances and predation in four populations of A. orientalis which were fed by two preys (Tetranychus urticae and Carpoglyphus lactis) in respective parental and offspring generations to evaluate the phenotypic plasticity and dietary adaptation of A. orientalis progeny. The results showed that prey species switching in two generations had great influence on predator’s developmental time and longevity. The longevity of A. orientalis reduced from 32.98 to 24.22 days while parent and progeny feeding on different preys. However, the sex ratio, fecundity, prey consumptions of progeny were not different among four populations. The sex ratio of four populations of A. orientalis also showed the consistence of a female-biased trend from 1.57 to 1.75, and the lifetime reproductions were almost equivalent from 25.82 to 28.06 eggs per female. Prey consumptions were similar among A. orientalis females and changed between 21.41 to 23.23 eggs per day. Overall, our study demonstrated that A. orientalis has higher fitness plasticity and does not need long time to adapt the new diet, therefore it can be applied as an outstanding biocontrol agent in pest management after diet change from production to the field.
Distinguishing multiple surface ships using one acoustic vector sensor based on a convolutional neural network
Authors: Cao Huaigang , Ren Qunyan
Published: May 2022

A direction of arrival (DOA) estimation method based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) using an acoustic vector sensor is proposed to distinguish multiple surface ships in a selected frequency band. The cross-spectrum of the pressure and particle velocity are provided as inputs to the CNN, which is trained using data obtained by employing an acoustic propagation model under different environmental and source parameters. By learning the characteristics of acoustic propagation, the multisource distinguishing performance of the CNN is improved. The proposed method is experimentally validated using real data.
Flow stability for dynamic community detection
Authors: Bovet Alexandre , Delvenne Jean-Charles , Lambiotte Renaud
Published: May 2022

Many systems exhibit complex temporal dynamics due to the presence of different processes taking place simultaneously. An important task in these systems is to extract a simplified view of their time-dependent network of interactions. Community detection in temporal networks usually relies on aggregation over time windows or consider sequences of different stationary epochs. For dynamics-based methods, attempts to generalize static-network methodologies also face the fundamental difficulty that a stationary state of the dynamics does not always exist. Here, we derive a method based on a dynamical process evolving on the temporal network. Our method allows dynamics that do not reach a steady state and uncovers two sets of communities for a given time interval that accounts for the ordering of edges in forward and backward time. We show that our method provides a natural way to disentangle the different dynamical scales present in a system with synthetic and real-world examples.
IDH2-mediated regulation of the biogenesis of the oxidative phosphorylation system
Authors: Murari Anjaneyulu , Goparaju Naga S. V. , Rhooms Shauna-Kay , Hossain Kaniz F. B. , Liang Felix G. , Garcia Christian J. , Osei Cindy , Liu Tong , Li Hong , Kitsis Richard N. , Patel Rajesh , Owusu-Ansah Edward
Published: May 2022

Several subunits in the matrix domain of mitochondrial complex I (CI) have been posited to be redox sensors for CI, but how elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) impinge on CI assembly is unknown. We report that genetic disruption of the mitochondrial NADPH-generating enzyme, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), in
Drosophila
flight muscles results in elevated ROS levels and impairment of assembly of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). Mechanistically, this begins with an inhibition of biosynthesis of the matrix domain of CI and progresses to involve multiple OXPHOS complexes. Despite activation of multiple compensatory mechanisms, including enhanced coenzyme Q biosynthesis and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, ferroptotic cell death ensues. Disruption of enzymes that eliminate hydrogen peroxide, but not those that eliminate the superoxide radical, recapitulates the phenotype, thereby implicating hydrogen peroxide as the signaling molecule involved. Thus, IDH2 modulates the assembly of the matrix domain of CI and ultimately that of the entire OXPHOS.
Fully implantable wireless batteryless vascular electronics with printed soft sensors for multiplex sensing of hemodynamics
Authors: Herbert Robert , Lim Hyo-Ryoung , Rigo Bruno , Yeo Woon-Hong
Published: May 2022

The continuous monitoring of hemodynamics attainable with wireless implantable devices would improve the treatment of vascular diseases. However, demanding requirements of size, wireless operation, and compatibility with endovascular procedures have limited the development of vascular electronics. Here, we report an implantable, wireless vascular electronic system, consisting of a multimaterial inductive stent and printed soft sensors capable of real-time monitoring of arterial pressure, pulse rate, and flow without batteries or circuits. Developments in stent design achieve an enhanced wireless platform while matching conventional stent mechanics. The fully printed pressure sensors demonstrate fast response times, high durability, and sensing at small bending radii. The device is monitored via inductive coupling at communication distances notably larger than prior vascular sensors. The wireless electronic system is validated in artery models, while minimally invasive catheter implantation is demonstrated in an in vivo rabbit study. Overall, the vascular system offers an adaptable framework for comprehensive monitoring of hemodynamics.
A 300-fold conductivity increase in microbial cytochrome nanowires due to temperature-induced restructuring of hydrogen bonding networks
Authors: Dahl Peter J. , Yi Sophia M. , Gu Yangqi , Acharya Atanu , Shipps Catharine , Neu Jens , O’Brien J. Patrick , Morzan Uriel N. , Chaudhuri Subhajyoti , Guberman-Pfeffer Matthew J. , Vu Dennis , Yalcin Sibel Ebru , Batista Victor S. , Malvankar Nikhil S.
Published: May 2022

Although proteins are considered as nonconductors that transfer electrons only up to 1 to 2 nanometers via tunneling,Geobacter sulfurreducenstransports respiratory electrons over micrometers, to insoluble acceptors or syntrophic partner cells, via nanowires composed of polymerized cytochrome OmcS. However, the mechanism enabling this long-range conduction is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that individual nanowires exhibit theoretically predicted hopping conductance, at rate (>1010s−1) comparable to synthetic molecular wires, with negligible carrier loss over micrometers. Unexpectedly, nanowires show a 300-fold increase in their intrinsic conductance upon cooling, which vanishes upon deuteration. Computations show that cooling causes a massive rearrangement of hydrogen bonding networks in nanowires. Cooling makes hemes more planar, as revealed by Raman spectroscopy and simulations, and lowers their reduction potential. We find that the protein surrounding the hemes acts as a temperature-sensitive switch that controls charge transport by sensing environmental perturbations. Rational engineering of heme environments could enable systematic tuning of extracellular respiration.
Atomic Sn–enabled high-utilization, large-capacity, and long-life Na anode
Authors: Xu Fei , Qu Changzhen , Lu Qiongqiong , Meng Jiashen , Zhang Xiuhai , Xu Xiaosa , Qiu Yuqian , Ding Baichuan , Yang Jiaying , Cao Fengren , Yang Penghui , Jiang Guangshen , Kaskel Stefan , Ma Jingyuan , Li Liang , Zhang Xingcai , Wang Hongqiang
Published: May 2022

Constructing robust nucleation sites with an ultrafine size in a confined environment is essential toward simultaneously achieving superior utilization, high capacity, and long-term durability in Na metal-based energy storage, yet remains largely unexplored. Here, we report a previously unexplored design of spatially confined atomic Sn in hollow carbon spheres for homogeneous nucleation and dendrite-free growth. The designed architecture maximizes Sn utilization, prevents agglomeration, mitigates volume variation, and allows complete alloying-dealloying with high-affinity Sn as persistent nucleation sites, contrary to conventional spatially exposed large-size ones without dealloying. Thus, conformal deposition is achieved, rendering an exceptional capacity of 16 mAh cm
−2
in half-cells and long cycling over 7000 hours in symmetric cells. Moreover, the well-known paradox is surmounted, delivering record-high Na utilization (e.g., 85%) and large capacity (e.g., 8 mAh cm
−2
) while maintaining extraordinary durability over 5000 hours, representing an important breakthrough for stabilizing Na anode.
Molecular architecture of the human caveolin-1 complex
Authors: Porta Jason C. , Han Bing , Gulsevin Alican , Chung Jeong Min , Peskova Yelena , Connolly Sarah , Mchaourab Hassane S. , Meiler Jens , Karakas Erkan , Kenworthy Anne K. , Ohi Melanie D.
Published: May 2022

Membrane-sculpting proteins shape the morphology of cell membranes and facilitate remodeling in response to physiological and environmental cues. Complexes of the monotopic membrane protein caveolin function as essential curvature-generating components of caveolae, flask-shaped invaginations that sense and respond to plasma membrane tension. However, the structural basis for caveolin’s membrane remodeling activity is currently unknown. Here, we show that, using cryo–electron microscopy, the human caveolin-1 complex is composed of 11 protomers organized into a tightly packed disc with a flat membrane-embedded surface. The structural insights suggest a previously unrecognized mechanism for how membrane-sculpting proteins interact with membranes and reveal how key regions of caveolin-1, including its scaffolding, oligomerization, and intramembrane domains, contribute to its function.
Zhurong reveals recent aqueous activities in Utopia Planitia, Mars
Authors: Liu Yang , Wu Xing , Zhao Yu-Yan Sara , Pan Lu , Wang Chi , Liu Jia , Zhao Zhenxing , Zhou Xiang , Zhang Chaolin , Wu Yuchun , Wan Wenhui , Zou Yongliao
Published: May 2022

The Mars’ climate is cold and dry in the most recent epoch, and liquid water activities are considered extremely limited. Previous orbital data only show sporadic hydrous minerals in the northern lowlands of Mars excavated by large impacts. Using the short-wave infrared spectral data obtained by the Zhurong rover of China’s Tianwen-1 mission, which landed in southern Utopia Planitia on Mars, we identify hydrated sulfate/silica materials on the Amazonian terrain at the landing site. These hydrated minerals are associated with bright-toned rocks, interpreted to be duricrust developed locally. The lithified duricrusts suggest that formation with substantial liquid water originates by either groundwater rising or subsurface ice melting. In situ evidence for aqueous activities identified at Zhurong’s landing site indicates a more active Amazonian hydrosphere for Mars than previously thought.
A risk model for digital breast tomosynthesis to predict breast cancer and guide clinical care
Authors: Eriksson Mikael , Destounis Stamatia , Czene Kamila , Zeiberg Andrew , Day Robert , Conant Emily F. , Schilling Kathy , Hall Per
Published: May 2022

Screening with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) improves breast cancer detection and reduces false positives. However, currently, no breast cancer risk model takes advantage of the additional information generated by DBT imaging for breast cancer risk prediction. We developed and internally validated a DBT-based short-term risk model for predicting future late-stage and interval breast cancers after negative screening exams. We included the available 805 incident breast cancers and a random sample of 5173 healthy women matched on year of study entry in a nested case-control study from 154,200 multiethnic women, aged 35 to 74, attending DBT screening in the United States between 2014 and 2019. A relative risk model was trained using elastic net logistic regression and nested cross-validation to estimate risks for using imaging features and age. An absolute risk model was developed using derived risks and U.S. incidence and competing mortality rates. Absolute risks, discrimination performance, and risk stratification were estimated in the left-out validation set. The discrimination performance of 1-year risk was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.79 to 0.85) with good calibration (P= 0.7). Using the U.S. Preventive Service Task Force guidelines, 14% of the women were at high risk, 19.6 times higher compared to general risk. In this high-risk group, 76% of stage II and III cancers and 59% of stage 0 cancers were observed (P< 0.01). Using mammographic features generated from DBT screens, our image-based risk prediction model could guide radiologists in selecting women for clinical care, potentially leading to earlier detection and improved prognoses.
Quantifying simulated fine sand fraction in muddy sediment using laser diffraction
Authors: Belzile Claude , Montero-Serrano Jean-Carlos
Published: May 2022

The objective of this study is to verify whether low amounts of fine sand added to a muddy sediment matrix can be detected and quantified with accuracy using a Mastersizer 3000 (Malvern Panalytical) laser diffraction particle-size analyzer equipped with a Hydro LV large volume liquid dispersion module. To achieve this goal, a postglacial sediment sample was sieved to recover naturally co-occurring sand and clay–silt fractions. Sand in the range of 1%–7% by weight was added to the clay–silt at three concentrations (88, 132, and 276 mg dry weight) and each sample was duplicated. A very strong linear relationship was found between the measured % volume of sand added and the actual weight of sand added to the mud. Sand representing as low as 1% by weight could be detected. On average, there was only a 0.7% absolute difference between the measured and actual % sand values (range 0.02%–1.65%). Sample concentration had a negligible impact on the measured % sand. A range of plausible values for the refractive and absorption indexes, essential parameters for the Mie theory calculation of the size distribution from the measured light scattering, also had very small impact on the measured % sand. The demonstrated possibility of detecting a small input of fine sand to muddy sediment provides a basis for studies using grain-size data to reconstruct past and modern detrital inputs and sediment transport variations.