bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aldosterone-Producing Adenomas
Authors: Tan Geok Chin , Negro Giulia , Pinggera Alexandra , Tizen Laim Nur Maya Sabrina , Mohamed Rose Isa , Ceral Jiri , Ryska Ales , Chin Long Kha , Kamaruddin Nor Azmi , Mohd Mokhtar Norfilza , A. Jamal A. Rahman , Sukor Norlela , Solar Miroslav , Striessnig Joerg , Brown Morris Jonathan , Azizan Elena Aisha
Published: June 2017

Mutations in
KCNJ5
,
ATP1A1
,
ATP2B3
,
CACNA1D
, and
CTNNB1
are thought to cause the excessive autonomous aldosterone secretion of aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs). The histopathology of
KCNJ5
mutant APAs, the most common and largest, has been thoroughly investigated and shown to have a zona fasciculata–like composition. This study aims to characterize the histopathologic spectrum of the other genotypes and document the proliferation rate of the different sized APAs. Adrenals from 39 primary aldosteronism patients were immunohistochemically stained for CYP11B2 to confirm diagnosis of an APA. Twenty-eight adenomas had sufficient material for further analysis and were target sequenced at hot spots in the 5 causal genes. Ten adenomas had a
KCNJ5
mutation (35.7%), 7 adenomas had an
ATP1A1
mutation (25%), and 4 adenomas had a
CACNA1D
mutation (14.3%). One novel mutation in exon 28 of
CACNA1D
(V1153G) was identified. The mutation caused a hyperpolarizing shift of the voltage-dependent activation and inactivation and slowed the channel’s inactivation kinetics. Immunohistochemical stainings of CYP17A1 as a zona fasciculata cell marker and Ki67 as a proliferation marker were used.
KCNJ5
mutant adenomas showed a strong expression of CYP17A1, whereas
ATP1A1
/
CACNA1D
mutant adenomas had a predominantly negative expression (
P
value =1.20×10
−4
).
ATP1A1
/
CACNA1D
mutant adenomas had twice the nuclei with intense staining of Ki67 than
KCNJ5
mutant adenomas (0.7% [0.5%–1.9%] versus 0.4% [0.3%–0.7%];
P
value =0.04). Further, 3 adenomas with either an
ATP1A1
mutation or a
CACNA1D
mutation had >30% nuclei with moderate Ki67 staining. In summary, similar to
KCNJ5
mutant APAs,
ATP1A1
and
CACNA1D
mutant adenomas have a seemingly specific histopathologic phenotype.
Efficacy and Safety of Quarter-Dose Blood Pressure–Lowering Agents
Authors: Bennett Alexander , Chow Clara K. , Chou Michael , Dehbi Hakim-Moulay , Webster Ruth , Salam Abdul , Patel Anushka , Neal Bruce , Peiris David , Thakkar Jay , Chalmers John , Nelson Mark , Reid Christopher , Hillis Graham S. , Woodward Mark , Hilmer Sarah , Usherwood Tim , Thom Simon , Rodgers Anthony
Published: June 2017

There is a critical need for blood pressure–lowering strategies that have greater efficacy and minimal side effects. Low-dose combinations hold promise in this regard, but there are few data on very-low-dose therapy. We, therefore, conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with at least one quarter-dose and one placebo and standard-dose monotherapy arm. A search was conducted of Medline, Embase, Cochrane Registry, Food and Drug Administration, and European Medicinal Agency websites. Data on blood pressure and adverse events were pooled using a fixed-effect model, and bias was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias. The review included 42 trials involving 20 284 participants. Thirty-six comparisons evaluated quarter-dose with placebo and indicated a blood pressure reduction of −4.7/−2.4 mm Hg (
P
<0.001). Six comparisons were of dual quarter-dose therapy versus placebo, observing a −6.7/ −4.4 mm Hg (
P
<0.001) blood pressure reduction. There were no trials of triple quarter-dose combination versus placebo, but one quadruple quarter-dose study observed a blood pressure reduction of −22.4/−13.1 mm Hg versus placebo (
P
<0.001). Compared with standard-dose monotherapy, the blood pressure differences achieved by single (37 comparisons), dual (7 comparisons), and quadruple (1 trial) quarter-dose combinations were +3.7/+2.6 (
P
<0.001), +1.3/−0.3 (NS), and −13.1/−7.9 (
P
<0.001) mm Hg, respectively. In terms of adverse events, single and dual quarter-dose therapy was not significantly different from placebo and had significantly fewer adverse events compared with standard-dose monotherapy. Quarter-dose combinations could provide improvements in efficacy and tolerability of blood pressure–lowering therapy.
NEFM (Neurofilament Medium) Polypeptide, a Marker for Zona Glomerulosa Cells in Human Adrenal, Inhibits D1R (Dopamine D1 Receptor)–Mediated Secretion of Aldosterone
Authors: Maniero Carmela , Garg Sumedha , Zhao Wanfeng , Johnson Timothy Isaac , Zhou Junhua , Gurnell Mark , Brown Morris J.
Published: June 2017

Heterogeneity among aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) has been highlighted by the discovery of somatic mutations.
KCNJ5
mutations predominate in large zona fasciculata (ZF)–like APAs; mutations in
CACNA1D
,
ATP1A1, ATP2B3
, and
CTNNB1
are more likely to be found in small zona glomerulosa (ZG)–like APAs. Microarray comparison of
KCNJ5
mutant versus wild-type APAs revealed significant differences in transcriptomes.
NEFM
, encoding a neurofilament subunit which is a D1R (dopamine D1 receptor)–interacting protein, was 4-fold upregulated in ZG-like versus ZF-like APAs and 14-fold more highly expressed in normal ZG versus ZF. Immunohistochemistry confirmed selective expression of NEFM (neurofilament medium) polypeptide in ZG and in ZG-like APAs. Silencing
NEFM
in adrenocortical H295R cells increased basal aldosterone secretion and cell proliferation; silencing also amplified aldosterone stimulation by the D1R agonist, fenoldopam, and inhibition by the D1R antagonist, SCH23390. NEFM coimmunoprecipitated with D1R, and its expression was stimulated by fenoldopam. Immunohistochemistry for D1R was mainly intracellular in ZG-like APAs but membranous in ZF-like APAs. Aldosterone secretion in response to fenoldopam in primary cells from ZF-like APAs was higher than in cells from ZG-like APAs. Transfection of mutant KCNJ5 caused a large reduction in NEFM expression in H295R cells. We conclude that NEFM is a negative regulator of aldosterone production and cell proliferation, in part by facilitating D1R internalization from the plasma membrane. Downregulation of NEFM in ZF-like APAs may contribute to a D1R/D2R imbalance underlying variable pharmacological responses to dopaminergic drugs among patients with APAs. Finally, taken together, our data point to the possibility that ZF-like APAs are in fact ZG in origin.
Neurons Over Nephrons
Authors: Brinjikji Waleed , Demchuk Andrew M. , Murad Mohammad H. , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , McDonald Robert J. , McDonald Jennifer S. , Kallmes David F.
Published: June 2017

Background and Purpose—

Because of the perceived risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), many centers require pre-imaging serum creatinine levels, potentially delaying care. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating AKI rates in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and computed tomographic perfusion (CTP).

Methods—

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Web of Science through December 2016 for studies reporting on AKI in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving CTA/CTP. Using a random-effects model, estimates were pooled across studies. Outcomes of interest were (1) the odds of AKI in patients receiving CTA/CTP versus noncontrast computed tomography, (2) overall rate of AKI and hemodialysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing CTA/CTP, and (3) the odds of CTA/CTP-associated AKI among patients with and without chronic kidney disease.

Results—

Fourteen studies were included (6 case–control studies and 8 single-arm studies) with 5727 CTA/CTP and 981 noncontrast computed tomography patients. In case–control studies, AKI was significantly lower among CTA/CTP patients compared with noncontrast computed tomography patients (odds ratio=0.47; 95% confidence interval=0.33–0.68;
P
<0.01). Adjusting for baseline creatinine, there was no difference in AKI rates between groups (odds ratio=0.34; 95% confidence interval=0.10–1.21). The overall rate of AKI in CTA/CTP patients was 3% (95% confidence interval=2%–4%). The overall rate of hemodialysis in the CTA/CTP group was 0.07% (3 of 4373). There was no difference in AKI among CTA/CTP patients with and without chronic kidney disease (odds ratio=0.63; 95% confidence interval=0.34–1.12).

Conclusions—

Nonrandomized evidence suggests that CTA/CTP are not associated with statistically significant increase in risk of AKI in patients with stroke, even those with known chronic kidney disease.
Ischemic Amnesia
Authors: Michel Patrik , Beaud Valérie , Eskandari Ashraf , Maeder Philippe , Demonet Jean-François , Eskioglou Elissavet
Published: June 2017

Background and Purpose—

We aimed to describe the frequency and characteristics of acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attacks presenting predominantly with amnesia (ischemic amnesia) and to identify clinical clues for differentiating them from transient global amnesia (TGA).

Methods—

We retrospectively analyzed and described all patients presenting with diffusion-weighted imaging magnetic resonance imaging–confirmed acute ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attacks with antero- and retrograde amnesia as the main symptom over a 13.5-year period. We also compared their clinical features and stroke mechanisms with 3804 acute ischemic stroke from our ischemic stroke registry.

Results—

Thirteen ischemic amnesia patients were identified, representing 0.2% of all patients with acute ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack. In 69% of ischemic amnesia cases, amnesia was transient with a median duration of 5 hours. Ischemia was not considered in 39% of cases. Fifty-four percent of cases were clinically difficult to distinguish from TGA, including 15% who were indistinguishable from TGA. 1.2% of all presumed TGA patients at our center were later found to have ischemic amnesia. Amnesic strokes were more often cardioembolic, multiterritorial, and typically involved the posterior circulation and limbic system. Clinical clues were minor focal neurological signs, higher age, more risk factors, and stroke favoring circumstances. Although all patients were independent at 3 months, 31% had persistent memory problems.

Conclusions—

Amnesia as the main symptom of acute ischemic cerebral events is rare, mostly transient, and easily mistaken for TGA. Although clinical clues are often present, the threshold for performing diffusion-weighted imaging in acute amnesia should be low.
Daily Total Physical Activity and Incident Stroke
Authors: Kubota Yasuhiko , Iso Hiroyasu , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Sawada Norie , Tsugane Shoichiro
Published: June 2017

Background and Purpose—

There is limited evidence on the association between total physical activity and stroke in Asian populations experiencing a greater burden of hemorrhagic stroke than Western populations. We aimed to understand their optimal level of physical activity for stroke prevention.

Methods—

A total of 74 913 Japanese people 50 to 79 years of age without histories of cardiovascular disease or cancer were followed from 2000 to 2012.

Results—

During the 698 946 person-years of follow-up, we documented a total of 2738 incident cases of stroke, including 1007 hemorrhagic strokes (747 intraparenchymal and 260 subarachnoid hemorrhages) and 1721 ischemic strokes (1206 nonembolic and 515 embolic infarctions). Individuals in the second or third metabolic equivalents of task–hours per day quartile had the lowest risks of total stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75–0.93), intraparenchymal hemorrhage (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64–0.97), subarachnoid hemorrhage (HR, 0.78; CI, 0.55–1.11), and nonembolic infarction (HR, 0.78; CI, 0.67–0.92), whereas those in the fourth quartile had the lowest risk of embolic infarction (HR, 0.76; CI, 0.59–0.97). Cubic spline graphs revealed a steep decrease in stroke risk (30% risk reduction) from the lowest level to a plateau at 5 to 10 metabolic equivalents of task–hours per day (50th percentile). The associations of total physical activity level with hemorrhage stroke showed U or J shape, which were because of vigorous-intensity activities, whereas the association with ischemic stroke showed L shape.

Conclusions—

For Japanese people, moderate levels of total physical activity, particularly achieved by moderate-intensity activities, may be optimal for stroke prevention because excessive vigorous-intensity activities might not be beneficial or even disadvantageous for prevention of hemorrhagic stroke.
Mobilization in Military-Controlled Transitions: Lessons from Turkey, Brazil, and Egypt
Authors: Arslanalp Mert , Pearlman Wendy
Published: June 2017

How, and under what circumstances, does popular mobilization democratize military rule? Democratization does not always involve grassroots protest, but it is important to understand its role when it does. The authors make two propositions. First, mobilization can aid transitions, and forestall military tutelage regimes, by generating popular demands for democratization, altering politicians’ incentives and capacities to push for democracy, and establishing legacies that preserve and deepen democracy after civilians assume power. Elected civilians do not automatically challenge militaries or replace them with more accountable governance, if not so compelled from below. Second, mobilization is most likely to have a democratizing impact when it crosses social cleavages and develops organizational structures. When it reinforces cleavages, militaries easily denounce dissent as threatening national unity or security. When it lacks organization, it cannot translate disruptive power into transformation of state institutions. Comparative analysis of Brazil (1974-1999), Turkey (1980-2013), and Egypt (2011-2013) demonstrates these relationships.
Gender Ideals in Turbulent Times: An Examination of Insecurity, Islam, and Muslim Men’s Gender Attitudes during the Arab Spring
Authors: Kucinskas Jaime , van der Does Tamara
Published: June 2017

Using Arab Barometer data (2011), the authors examine Muslim men’s gender attitudes in four predominantly Muslim Middle Eastern and North African countries (Algeria, Egypt, Tunisia, and Yemen) during the Arab Spring. They examine if living in insecurity – which may threaten men’s ability to attain masculine ideals – is related to male overcompensation, evident in strong support for patriarchal gender ideology. They then investigate if Islamic religiosity influences this relationship. Results reveal that political Islam is strongly related to Muslimmenamen’s patriarchal gender attitudes across the region. The effects of living in insecurity and other facets of Islamic religiosity on men’s gender ideology vary by country. The results on the many effects of insecurity and Islam on men’s gender ideology challenge stereotypical representations of the region as uniformly Islamic and patriarchal.
Homophobic Nationalism: The Development of Sodomy Legislation in Uganda
Authors: Rodriguez S. M.
Published: June 2017

Literature on sexuality and citizenship has demonstrated the myriad of ways that states use legislation to produce, regulate, and protect a sexually and racially “pure” citizen. In the context of the European imperial powers, this citizen is heterosexual, monogamous, and white. In the postcolonial Ugandan context, the development of sodomy legislation shows that this ideal citizen is heterosexual, monogamous, and yet untarnished by contemporary Western ideals (which is undoubtedly paradoxical). This work engages with colonial legislative texts, most notably the Ugandan Penal Code Act of 1950. The author then triangulates this with an analysis of the Anti-Homosexuality Bill and Act and parliamentary record from 1999-2013. With this data, it is argued that the Ugandan construct of an ideal citizen is not only a reactionary result of colonialism, but that it is also demonstrative of the anti-globalization ideology that has heightened in the wake of rapidngoization of the globallgbtirights movement.
Industrial Development, Liberalisation and Impacts of Vietnam–China Border Trade
Authors: Ngo Christine Ngoc
Published: June 2017

Successful industrial development among third world countries is rare. In the past century, only a handful of countries were able to make the big leap to become industrialised countries more or less equal to the US and Europe. This is because industrialisation requires resources, state planning, coordination, resilience to external shocks and sustained performance of firms. These requirements are extremely difficult to achieve in the context of a weak state, low levels of skilled labour, underdeveloped credit markets and timid economic demand for goods and services. This paper assesses the development of the textile and garment industry in a transitional economy, Vietnam, from the political-economy perspectives of state intervention and trade liberalisation. The paper analyses in depth (1) Vietnam’s industrial policies for the textile and garment industry and (2) Vietnam–China border trade and impacts of China’s economic rise on the industry’s development. It illustrates Vietnam’s multiple failed attempts in implementing industrial policies, the political economy of Sino-Vietnam border trade and the penetration of Chinese industrial surplus in the Vietnamese market. The analysis suggests that the Vietnamese model of liberalisation exposed its industries to excessive competition, making them unable to reach the technological level and production scale needed to be globally competitive.
Transformation of Galen’s Textual Legacy from Classical to Post-Classical Islamic Medicine: Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms
Authors: Karimullah Kamran I.
Published: June 2017

I assess Galen’s (d. ca. 216) textual legacy on Arabic commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms. I show that early authors in this tradition employ exegetical strategies taken from Alexandrian exegetical models. Applying these strategies to the Hippocratic-Galenic text makes Galen’s commentary the primary means for these authors to understand the Aphorisms. By introducing a host of commentary strategies that depart from Alexandrian models, Ibn Abī Ṣādiq’s (d. after 1067) commentary is a watershed moment in the Aphorisms-commentary tradition. Nevertheless, Galen’s commentary remains crucial for Ibn Abī Ṣādiq. These commentary strategies lead him to introduce texts, concepts and classifications that move beyond Galen’s Aphorisms-commentary. Finally, in one of the last texts in this corpus dating to around 1350, Ibn Sīnā’s (d. 1037) Canon of Medicine and Ibn Abī Ṣādiq’s commentary have become major sources for understanding the Aphorisms. Galen’s commentary is used sparingly.
A new species of Naryciodes Matsumura, 1931 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) from Korea
Authors: SOHN JAE-CHEON , CHOI SEI-WOONG
Published: June 2017

The genus Naryciodes was originally proposed as a monobasic genus (type species: Naryciodes posticalis Matsumura) by Matsumura (1931) in Tineidae. About fifty years later, the genus was transferred to Limacodidae by Inoue (1982) because the larvae possess an autapomorphic character of Limacodidae: the lack of crochets on the prolegs (Epstein et al. 1999).
Telomere Length Is Associated With Cardiometabolic Factors in US Adults
Authors: Mazidi Mohsen , Kengne Andre Pascal , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Banach Maciej
Published: June 2017

Telomere length (TL) has been associated with age-related health outcomes. We investigated the relationship of TL with cardiometabolic risk profile in adult Americans. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for 1999 to 2002, accounting for complex sampling and survey design. Of the 8892 eligible participants, 47.8% (n = 4123) were men. Mean serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations significantly increased across increasing TL quarters ( P = .013), and mean fat mass, fat-free mass, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and C-reactive protein significantly decreased across increasing TL quarters (all P < .001) in men. Only HbA1c levels significantly decreased across increasing TL quarters ( P = .041) in women. Males in the upper quarter of TL had lower (38%) odds of prevalent metabolic syndrome compared with those in the lower quarter ( P < .001). These results support the hypotheses that cardiometabolic factors are related to TL, especially in men.
Blood Vengeance and the Imago Dei in the Flood Narrative (Genesis 9:6)
Authors: Wilson Stephen M.
Published: June 2017

In recent years, scholars have argued that God’s creation of humanity in the divine image (Gen 1:26–28) presents a model of nonviolence that counters and contextualizes the more problematic depictions of violence throughout the Hebrew Bible. However, this nonviolent reading of humanity created in God’s image rarely considers the mention of this concept at the conclusion of the flood narrative in Gen 9:6. This article applies the two key exegetical principles used in the nonviolent reading of the Priestly creation story—human imitation of God and the royal-functional reading of the divine image—to the flood narrative, and concludes that, rather than rejecting violence, the concept of humanity’s creation in God’s image justifies retributive violence.
Reading Sodom through Sexual Violence Against Women
Authors: Waters Sonia E.
Published: June 2017

This article considers how modern attitudes toward sexual violence against women influence the popular reception of Genesis 19. First, rape myths equate rape with sexual desire, supporting the assumption that Sodom is a story about gay sexual attraction and queer identity. Second, rape discourses minimize the threat of violence against Lot’s daughters, ignoring how they may be crucial to the attribution of gay desire in this text. Finally, the normalization of rape influences the traction that this story receives in the Christian imagination in contrast to other stories about the rape of women, like Judges 19–20, which are quickly excused or marginalized. Genesis 19 becomes an authoritative text because it is about what men do with men, while the presence of raped women in other stories has curiously little authority in Christian life. I conclude by imagining how we might read Lot’s daughters back into the text, reconstituting a Christian imagination that combats the normalization of rape.
From Wrongdoer to New Creation: Reconciliation in 2 Corinthians
Authors: Brink Laurie
Published: June 2017

Read through the lens of modern reconciliatory theory, 2 Cor 2:14–7:4 demonstrates that Paul portrays himself as the recipient of God’s gratuitous forgiveness and reconciliation. Against the polemical charge that his past as a persecutor precluded his being an authentic apostle, Paul engages the multivalent metaphors of triumph/procession and reconciliation/friendship. His own participation in the process of reconciliation and his new vocation as ambassador show that it is not simply Paul’s writings but his own personal experience that forms the foundation on which modern Christian reconciliation may continue to build.
Influence of carbon nanotubes on thermal response and reaction to fire properties of carbon fibre-reinforced plastic material
Authors: Schuster Thomas J , Eibl Sebastian , Gudladt Hans-Joachim
Published: June 2017

The influence of the carbon nanotube content on thermal response and reaction to fire properties of carbon fibre-reinforced plastics (CFRP) is investigated in detail. A CFRP material filled with 1.0 and 2.0 wt.% carbon nanotubes within the epoxy matrix shows increasing thermal conductivities perpendicular to the fibre fabrics direction. Therefore, laminate panels containing an increasing amount of carbon nanotubes exhibit lower temperature and internal stress gradients, and, for this reason, a less pronounced tendency to form delaminations during a one-sided thermal load. In a temperature range where rapid matrix degradation takes place, smaller damages are observed by ultrasonic analysis, and higher interlaminar shear strengths are retained. Backside temperatures rise with increasing amounts of carbon nanotubes, resulting in a more thermally degraded polymer matrix, as recorded by infrared spectroscopy at the backside. By adding carbon nanotubes into the matrix, ignition is retarded, the peak heat release rate is reduced and a more steadily combustion is achieved when the reaction to fire properties are investigated by cone calorimetry. Correlations between matrix degradation, recorded by infrared spectroscopy, and temperature, as well as residual strength, provide a reliable tool for non-destructive testing.
Numerical analysis and investigation of short- and long-term behavior of unidirectional composites
Authors: Dib Elias , Caron Jean François , Raphael Wassim , Stefanou Ioannis , Kaddah Fouad
Published: June 2017

This study gives a detailed analysis on estimating the ultimate tensile strength of unidirectional fiber reinforced composites and its creep behavior under sustained tension load. We develop two different micromechanical models that allow us to estimate the longitudinal tensile strength and the evolution with time of fiber and matrix stresses around arbitrary array of fiber breaks. The first model is based on the shear-lag theory while the second one is developed using the software Abaqus. The comparison of the above models allowed to validate the fundamental assumptions of the shear-lag theory (first model) as well as several numerical issues related to time integration and spatial discretization. The Monte–Carlo method was used in order to account for the stochastic fiber strength and its impact on the ultimate tensile strength (short-term) and creep (long-term behavior) of unidirectional composites. Finally, a parametric investigation on the fiber type and the load level on the long-term behavior of unidirectional composites was performed showing an accelerating creep effect for fibers of inferior quality such as glass fibers compared to carbon fibers.
Foregrounding Equity in Teacher Education: Toward a Model of Social Justice Pedagogical and Content Knowledge
Authors: Dyches Jeanne , Boyd Ashley
Published: June 2017

Since its inception 30 years ago, Shulman’s Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) has fundamentally altered the landscape of teacher preparation. Despite its prominence in the field, the paradigm fails to delineate a space for the role of social justice in classroom practices and teacher preparation. Accordingly, we complicate the relationship between PCK and equitable teaching practices by forwarding Social Justice Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (SJPACK), a theoretical model segmented into three knowledge domains: Social Justice Knowledge, Social Justice Pedagogical Knowledge, and Social Justice Content Knowledge. Because all instructional maneuvers are politically charged and therefore never neutral, SJPACK advances Social Justice Knowledge as the foundational knowledge domain that permeates and shapes all PCK practices. Consequently, the framework posits that PCK can never be siloed from Social Justice Knowledge. Implications for SJPACK-oriented teacher preparation are discussed.
Facilitating Whole-Class Discussions in History: A Framework for Preparing Teacher Candidates
Authors: Reisman Abby , Kavanagh Sarah Schneider , Monte-Sano Chauncey , Fogo Brad , McGrew Sarah C. , Cipparone Peter , Simmons Elizabeth
Published: June 2017

Both the Common Core Standards for Literacy and the College, Career, and Civic Life Framework for Social Studies State Standards underscore the importance of classroom discussion for the development of high-level literacy and subject-matter knowledge. Yet, discussion remains stubbornly absent in social studies classrooms, which tend toward rote memorization and textbook work. In this article, we discuss our efforts to design practice-based methods instruction that prepares preservice teachers to facilitate text-based, whole-class discussion. We propose a framework for facilitating historical discussions and illustrate it with examples from videos of teacher candidates enacting the practice in K-12 classrooms. The framework assists not only in conceptualizing and naming the discrete components that constitute disciplinary discussion facilitation but also in highlighting where novices appear to struggle. Our analysis has implications for improving teacher education that seeks to prepare novices for ambitious instruction called for by the new literacy and social studies standards.
Longitudinal Trends in Vaccine Hesitancy in a Cohort of Mothers Surveyed in Washington State, 2013-2015
Authors: Henrikson Nora B. , Anderson Melissa L. , Opel Douglas J. , Dunn John , Marcuse Edgar K. , Grossman David C.
Published: June 2017

Parents who refuse or delay vaccines because of vaccine hesitancy place children at increased risk for vaccine-preventable disease. How parental vaccine hesitancy changes as their children age is not known. In 2015, we conducted a follow-up survey of 237 mothers enrolled in a 2-arm clinic-level cluster randomized trial (n = 488) in Washington State that was completed in 2013. We surveyed mothers at their baby’s birth, age 6 months, and age 24 months using a validated measure of vaccine hesitancy. Both mean hesitancy scores (mean 4.1-point reduction; 95% CI, 2.5-5.6; P = .01) and the proportion of mothers who were vaccine hesitant (9.7% at baseline vs 5.9% at 24 months; P = .01) decreased significantly from child’s birth to age 24 months. Changes from baseline were similar for first-time mothers and experienced mothers. Individual item analysis suggested that the decrease may have been driven by increases in maternal confidence about the safety and efficacy of vaccines. Our results suggest that hesitancy is a dynamic measure that may peak around childbirth and may remit as experience with vaccines accumulates.
Development of superamphiphobic alumina nanofiber mats using trimethoxysilane with a short perfluoroalkyl chain
Authors: Gao Shuya , Nakane Koji , Ohgoshi Akiyoshi , Isaji Tadayuki , Ozawa Masaaki
Published: June 2017

To avoid the generation of hazardous, long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (C nF2 n+1COOH, n ≥ 7), we develop relatively safer superamphiphobic alumina nanofiber mats. Our fabrication process focuses on two principles: lowering the surface energy using trimethoxy(1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-nonafluorohexyl)silane (C4F9CH2CH2Si(OCH3)3), which has short-chain perfluoroalkyls that are relatively safer than long-chain ones; and creating a high-roughness surface from electrospun alumina nanofibers with an average fiber diameter of 155 nm and inter-fiber spacing of 451 nm. Such mats exhibit super-repellency for water (contact angle [Formula: see text] = 157°, contact angle hysteresis [Formula: see text], advancing angle [Formula: see text] 158°, receding angle [Formula: see text] 156°), and n-hexadecane ([Formula: see text] = 151°, [Formula: see text]9°, [Formula: see text] 152°, [Formula: see text] 143°). Furthermore, superamphiphobicity is maintained up to 350℃.
Variation of false twist on spinning process stability and resultant yarn properties in a modified ring spinning frame
Authors: Yin R , Tao XM , XU BG
Published: June 2017

Twisting is an important process to form a continuous yarn from short fibers and to determine the structure and properties of the resultant yarn. This article reports on the effect of variation of false twist on process stability and resultant yarn quality in a modified ring spinning frame. Based on twist kinematics, three practical cases that cause twist variations in the spinning process are investigated, namely step function, rectangular function and periodic function changes in false twist. The simulation results are validated by experiments and a good agreement has been demonstrated. The resultant properties of yarn within 30% periodic change in false twist demonstrated insignificance compared with yarn without variation. With the developed model, essential system parameters are numerically examined and their quantitative relationships are studied. The practical implications are discussed.
An Investigation of Genetic and Environmental Influences Across the Distribution of Self-Control
Authors: Schwartz Joseph A. , Connolly Eric J. , Nedelec Joseph L. , Beaver Kevin M.
Published: June 2017

Previous research illustrating a robust, negative association between self-control and various forms of delinquent and criminal behavior has resulted in a more concentrated focus on the etiological development of self-control. The current study aims to contribute to this literature using a sample of twin and sibling pairs from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to examine genetic and shared environmental influences across levels of self-control. The results of modified DeFries–Fulker (DF) equations revealed that genetic and shared environmental influences were distributed in a nonlinear pattern across levels of self-control. Subsequent biometric quantile regression models revealed that genetic influences on self-control were maximized in the 50th and 60th percentiles, and minimized in the tails of the distribution. Shared environmental influences were nonsignificant at all examined quantiles of self-control with only one exception. The theoretical importance of utilizing genetically informed modeling strategies is discussed in more detail.
Medical Malpractice Implications of Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Ruhl Douglas S. , Siegal Gil
Published: June 2017

Clinical practice guidelines aim to improve medical care by clarifying and making useful recommendations to providers. Although providers should account for patients’ unique characteristics when determining a treatment plan, it is generally perceived as good practice to follow guidelines when applicable. This is of interest in malpractice litigation, where it is essential to establish a standard of care to evaluate the performances of providers. Although the opinions of expert witnesses are used to determine standards of care, guidelines are expected to play a leading role. Guidelines alone should not establish a legal standard but may help inform this discussion in the courtroom. Therefore, it is incumbent that excellent, practical, and timely guidelines are continually created and updated in a transparent way. These guidelines must be very clear and underscore the various strengths of recommendation based on the quality of available evidence.
Clinical Assessment of Cognitive Function in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: Prevalence and Correlates
Authors: Williams Amy M. , Lindholm Jamie , Siddiqui Farzan , Ghanem Tamer A. , Chang Steven S.
Published: June 2017

Objective

Identify the prevalence and clinical correlates of cognitive impairment in patients presenting for treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC) using brief screening within a multidisciplinary care team.

Study Design

A case series with planned data collection of cognitive function, quality of life (QoL), and psychosocial variables.

Setting

Urban Midwest academic medical center.

Subjects and Methods

In total, 209 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of HNC between August 2015 and September 2016 who had a pretreatment assessment with a clinical health psychologist. At pretreatment assessment, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a brief screening tool for cognitive function, was administered along with a semistructured interview to gather information on psychiatric symptoms, social support, and substance use. Patient information, including demographics, clinical variables, and psychosocial variables, was extracted via chart review. A subset of patients with HNC completed the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Head and Neck Cancer at pretreatment assessment and was included in the QoL analyses.

Results

Cognitive impairment was associated with current alcohol use, past tobacco use and number of pack years, time in radiotherapy, and adherence to treatment recommendations. Social, emotional, and functional QoL scales were associated with cognitive impairment, including executive function, language, and memory.

Conclusion

Cognitive impairment is common in patients with HNC, and there are important associations between cognitive impairment and psychosocial, QoL, and treatment adherence variables. The results argue for the incorporation of cognitive screening as part of pretreatment assessment for patients, as well as further research into more direct, causal relationships via longitudinal, prospective studies.
Is Pepsin a Reliable Marker of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux? A Systematic Review
Authors: Calvo‐Henríquez Christian , Ruano‐Ravina Alberto , Vaamonde Pedro , Martínez‐Capoccioni Gabriel , Martín‐Martín Carlos
Published: June 2017

Objective

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a common illness of otolaryngology visits. Over the past few years, pepsin has become a promising marker of LPR. The objective of the present research is to analyze the existing literature using pepsin as a diagnostic tool of LPR through a systematic review.

Data Sources

PubMed (Medline), Trip Database, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, SUMsearch, and Web of Science.

Review Methods

The outcome assessed was the presence of pepsin in LPR patients. We included articles in which pepsin was studied in LPR patients (clinically suspected or with confirmed diagnosis). Studies with no control group, comparison group, and/or a sample size lower than 20 patients were excluded.

Results

Twelve studies were included. All included studies, with the exception of 2, found statistically significant differences for pepsin in cases compared with healthy controls.

Conclusion

Pepsin might be a reliable marker in LPR patients, although questions remain about optimal timing, location, nature, and threshold values for pepsin testing. Future investigations are necessary to clarify the best method to use pepsin in the diagnostic process of LPR.
A prolonged antibiotic protocol to treat persistent Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection improves the extracranial venous circulation in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Thibault Paul , Attia John , Oldmeadow Chris
Published: June 2017

Objective

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a condition associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). One mechanism that has been proposed is that the venous obstructions found in MS are due to a chronic persistent venulitis caused by the intra-cellular bacterial parasite, Chlamydophila pneumoniae (Cpn). The objective of the current study is to determine the effect of a combined antibiotic protocol (CAP) on the venous flow in MS patients as measured by a quantitative duplex ultrasound examination (QDUS).

Method

A non-randomised before-after cohort study was conducted to investigate differences in blood flow volumes pre and 6-months post antibiotic treatment for Cpn infection. Flow volume data were measured by QDUS across affected and unaffected sides from multiple veins segments, including internal jugular vein (IJV) segments J2 and J3, and vertebral vein (VV), as well as global arterial blood flow (GABF).

Results

91 patients were included in the study. 64 (70%) were found to have positive Cpn serology. There was a statistically significant post-treatment difference seen for the affected side of Cpn infected patients (mean difference = 56 mL/min, p = 0.02). There was a non-significant increase seen for the affected side of uninfected patients (mean difference = 23 mL/min, p = 0.2). The difference in these effects (34 mL/min) was not statistically significant ( p = 0.3). The mean flow rate decreased in the unaffected side for both infected (−27 mL/min, p = 0.5) and uninfected patients (−69 mL/min, p = 0.01). There was a statistically significant post-treatment increase in GABF for the infected patients (mean difference = 90 mL/min, p = 0.02) and a difference of 76 mL/min for non-infected patients ( p = 0.01).

Conclusion

A CAP appears to improve the extra-cranial circulation in patients diagnosed with MS. This effect is statistically significant in patients with positive Cpn serology, although patients with negative Cpn serology also show some benefit, betraying a lack of specificity of this effect.
Suicide in primary headaches in 48 countries: A physician-survey based study
Authors: Trejo-Gabriel-Galan Jose Maria , Aicua-Rapún Irene , Cubo-Delgado Esther , Velasco-Bernal Carmen
Published: June 2017

Aim

To investigate the relationship between primary headache types and accomplished or attempted suicide in countries from all world regions.

Methods

Data were obtained using a questionnaire about suicide due to headache in a face-to-face interview with 203 physicians with expertise in headaches. They came from 48 countries, and from all continents.

Results

Primary headaches cause one suicide per 1,000,000 population each year (1% of the suicide rate due to all causes). Cluster headache and migraines account for 70–80% of them. Suicide attempts are 10 times more frequent than accomplished suicides. Cluster headache poses more risk than migraine. This risk is not often acknowledged, and is increased if there is previous psychiatric history. More than half of the physicians interviewed think it could be reduced with a more aggressive treatment of headaches.

Conclusions

Cluster headache and migraine are not always benign, and are the cause of the majority of suicides due to headache.
Effectiveness of Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (rESWT) When Combined With Supervised Exercises in Patients With Subacromial Shoulder Pain: A Double-Masked, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial
Authors: Kvalvaag Elisabeth , Brox Jens Ivar , Engebretsen Kaia Beck , Soberg Helene Lundgaard , Juel Niels Gunnar , Bautz-Holter Erik , Sandvik Leiv , Roe Cecilie
Published: June 2017

Background:

Subacromial shoulder pain is a common complaint, and radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) is increasingly used to treat this condition. Although many therapists use rESWT in combination with supervised exercises, no studies have evaluated the additional effect of rESWT with supervised exercises for subacromial shoulder pain.

Purpose:

To assess whether rESWT is more effective than sham rESWT when combined with supervised exercises for improving pain and function in patients with subacromial shoulder pain.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

Patients between 25 and 70 years of age with subacromial shoulder pain with and without calcification in the rotator cuff lasting at least 3 months were assessed for eligibility; 143 patients were recruited. Participants were allocated (1:1) by computer-generated randomization in blocks of 20 to receive either rESWT or sham rESWT in addition to supervised exercises. The rESWT and sham rESWT were performed once a week with additional supervised exercises once a week for the first 4 weeks. The following 8 weeks, the patients received supervised exercises twice a week. The primary outcome was change in the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) after 24 weeks. Patients and outcome assessors were masked to group assignment.

Results:

At 24 weeks, participants in both the sham group and the rESWT group had improved ( P < .001) in SPADI score compared with baseline (−23.9 points [SD, 23.8 points] and −23.3 points [SD, 25.0 points], respectively), but there were no differences between the groups (mean difference 0.7; 95% CI, −6.9 to 8.3; P = .76). Prespecified subgroup analysis of patients with calcification in rotator cuff showed that the rESWT group had a greater improvement in SPADI score after 24 weeks (mean difference −12.8; 95% CI, −24.8 to −0.8; P = .018).

Conclusion:

Radial ESWT offered no additional benefit to supervised exercises in the treatment of subacromial shoulder pain after 24 weeks, except in the subgroup of patients with calcification in the rotator cuff.

Registration:

NCT01441830 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Derailed Values: Planning Education, External Funding, and Environmental Justice in New Orleans Rail Planning
Authors: Lowe Kate , Ehrenfeucht Renia
Published: June 2017

Studio courses can transform practice and impart planning values, but increasing university expectations around revenue generation could create barriers for these objectives. To understand how funding demands could impact planning education, we examine a New Orleans–based case study in which external funders pressured university stakeholders to change a studio course. The studio, focused on environmental justice and freight rail planning, remained much the same, but shifted from an advocacy framework to a technical approach. This approach did little to impart social justice values or transform practice, but planning education can still support social justice values.
Experimental and numerical analysis of penetration into Kevlar fabric impregnated with shear thickening fluid
Authors: Khodadadi A , Liaghat GH , Sabet AR , Hadavinia H , Aboutorabi A , Razmkhah O , Akbari M , Tahmasebi M
Published: June 2017

This study presents the high-velocity impact performance of a composite material composed of woven Kevlar fabric impregnated with a colloidal shear thickening fluids (STFs). Although the precise role of the STF in the high-velocity defeat, process is not exactly known but it is suspected to be due to the increased frictional interaction between yarns in impregnated fabrics. In order to explore the mechanism of this enhanced energy absorption, high-velocity impact test was conducted on neat, impregnated fabric and also on pure STF without fabric. A finite element model has been carried out to consider the effect of STF impregnation on the ballistic performance. For this purpose, fabric was modeled using LS-DYNA by employing the experimental results of yarn pull-out tests to characterize the frictional behavior of the STF impregnated fabric. The simulation result is a proof that the increased performance for STF impregnated Kevlar fabric is due to the increased friction.
Evaluation of the Effects of Quetiapine on QTc Prolongation in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Dube Kevin M. , DeGrado Jeremy , Hohlfelder Benjamin , Szumita Paul M.
Published: June 2017

Quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic used in the intensive care unit (ICU) to manage delirium, has a possible adverse effect of corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation. The objective of this analysis was to describe the impact of quetiapine on QTc interval prolongation in critically ill patients. This was a single-center, prospective cohort analysis of ICU patients who received quetiapine between October 2015 and February 2016. The major end point was the incidence of QTc prolongation greater than 60 milliseconds above baseline during therapy. Minor end points included median change in QTc interval and incidence of Torsades de Pointes (TdP). Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to determine variables associated with higher risk of QTc prolongation. During the study period, 103 patients were enrolled in the analysis. QTc interval prolongation greater than 60 milliseconds occurred in 14 (13.6%) patients. The median change in QTc interval was 20 milliseconds. There were no cases of TdP. On multivariable analysis, the only variable associated with higher incidence of QTc prolongation was administration of a concomitant medication known to prolong the QTc interval ( P = .046). QTc prolongation was relatively uncommon among critically ill patients utilizing quetiapine. Patients receiving concomitant medications known to prolong the QTc interval may be at an increased risk.