bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sonic hedgehog in temporal control of somite formation
Authors: Resende Tatiana P. , Ferreira Mónica , Teillet Marie-Aimée , Tavares Ana Teresa , Andrade Raquel P. , Palmeirim Isabel
Published: July 2010

Vertebrate embryo somite formation is temporally controlled by the cyclic expression of somitogenesis clock genes in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). The somitogenesis clock is believed to be an intrinsic property of this tissue, operating independently of embryonic midline structures and the signaling molecules produced therein, namely Sonic hedgehog (Shh). This work revisits the notochord signaling contribution to temporal control of PSM segmentation by assessing the rate and number of somites formed and somitogenesis molecular clock gene expression oscillations upon notochord ablation. The absence of the notochord causes a delay in somite formation, accompanied by an increase in the period of molecular clock oscillations. Shh is the notochord-derived signal responsible for this effect, as these alterations are recapitulated by Shh signaling inhibitors and rescued by an external Shh supply. We have characterized chick
smoothened
expression pattern and have found that the PSM expresses both
patched1
and
smoothened
Shh signal transducers. Upon notochord ablation,
patched1
,
gli1,
and
fgf8
are down-regulated, whereas
gli2
and
gli3
are overexpressed. Strikingly, notochord-deprived PSM segmentation rate recovers over time, concomitant with
raldh2
overexpression. Accordingly, exogenous RA supplement rescues notochord ablation effects on somite formation. A model is presented in which Shh and RA pathways converge to inhibit PSM Gli activity, ensuring timely somite formation. Altogether, our data provide evidence that a balance between different pathways ensures the robustness of timely somite formation and that notochord-derived Shh is a component of the molecular network regulating the pace of the somitogenesis clock.
Exploring the relevance of qualitative research synthesis to higher education research and practice
Authors: Major Claire , Savin-Baden Maggi
Published: June 2010

This paper proposes the importance of qualitative research synthesis to the field of higher education. It examines seven key texts that undertake synthesis in this field and compares essential features and elements across studies. The authors indicate strengths of the approaches and
highlight ways forward for using qualitative research synthesis in the field of higher education.
Seven posers in the constructivist classroom
Authors: Kotzee Ben
Published: June 2010

In education, 'constructivism' constitutes the 'grand unified theory' of the moment. In this article, I maintain that constructivism as a theory of knowledge and constructivism as pedagogy are distinct and that the question of what constructivism about knowledge implies for teaching
is under-theorised. Seven classroom scenarios are sketched that illustrate the problems that a constructivist view of knowledge can create in the classroom. It is concluded that constructivist epistemology undermines effective teaching; as such, realistic teaching practice cannot proceed from
constructivist assumptions regarding the nature of knowledge. The conclusion, however, is neutral regarding teaching practice: constructivist epistemology is neither sufficient nor necessary for what is called 'constructivist' teaching practice.
On the calculation of the inverse of the error function
Authors: Strecok Anthony
Published: July 2010

Formulas are given for computing the inverse of the error function to at least 18 significant decimal digits for all possible arguments up to

1
−

10

−
300

1 - {10^{ - 300}}

in magnitude. A formula which yields

(
x
)

(x)

to at least 22 decimal places for

|

x

|

≦
5
π

/

2

|x| \leqq 5\pi /2

is also developed.
Explicit expressions for the determinants of certain matrices
Authors: Lavoie J.-L. , Michaud R.
Published: July 2010

Explicit expressions for the determinants of twenty particular

n
n

-square matrices are given.
Modification of a quasi-Newton method for nonlinear equations with a sparse Jacobian
Authors: Schubert L. K.
Published: July 2010

For solving large systems of nonlinear equations by quasi-Newton methods it may often be preferable to store an approximation to the Jacobian rather than an approximation to the inverse Jacobian. The main reason is that when the Jacobian is sparse and the locations of the zeroes are known, the updating procedure can be made more efficient for the approximate Jacobian than for the approximate inverse Jacobian.
The calculation of Fourier coefficients by the Möbius inversion of the Poisson summation formula. I. Functions whose early derivatives are continuous
Authors: Lyness J. N.
Published: July 2010

The Möbius inversion technique is applied to the Poisson summation formula. This results in expressions for the remainder term in the Fourier coefficient asymptotic expansion as an infinite series. Each element of this series is a remainder term in the corresponding Euler-Maclaurin summation formula, and the series has specified convergence properties. These expressions may be used as the basis for the numerical evaluation of sets of Fourier coefficients. The organization of such a calculation is described, and discussed in the context of a broad comparison between this approach and various other standard methods.
Hospital water filters as a source of Mycobacterium avium complex
Authors: Falkinham Joseph O.
Published: July 2010

Bronchoscopes and the filters used for washing them were found to yield high numbers of Mycobacterium avium isolates sharing the same repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprint pattern as M. avium isolates recovered from patient samples collected by bronchoscopy. Water and biofilm samples collected from the bronchoscopy preparation laboratory yielded M. avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium malmoense and Mycobacterium gordonae. Several M. avium and M. intracellulare isolates from water samples in the bronchoscopy laboratory had rep-PCR patterns matching those of patient bronchoscopy isolates. Five of the 22 (23 %) M. avium patient bronchoscopy isolates and 42 of the 56 (75 %) M. intracellulare patient bronchoscopy isolates could have been due to contamination from the water supply.
Role of Candida albicans Aft2p transcription factor in ferric reductase activity, morphogenesis and virulence
Authors: Liang Yong , Wei Dongsheng , Wang Hui , Xu Ning , Zhang Biao , Xing Laijun , Li Mingchun
Published: July 2010

The ability ofCandida albicansto act as an opportunistic fungal pathogen is linked to its ability to switch among different morphological forms. This conversion is an important feature ofC. albicansand is correlated with its pathogenesis. Many conserved positive and negative transcription factors regulate morphogenetic transition ofC. albicans. Here, we show the results of functional analysis ofCaAFT2, which is an orthologue of theSaccharomyces cerevisiae AFT2gene. We have clonedCaAFT2which has an ability to complement theS.cerevisiae aft1Δ mutant strain growth defect. Interestingly, although disruption of theAFT2gene did not affect cell growth in solid and liquid iron-limited conditions, the cell surface ferric reductase activity was significantly decreased. Importantly, deletion ofAFT2inC. albicansled to growth of a smooth colony with no peripheral hyphae. Moreover, virulence of anaft2Δ/aft2Δ mutant was markedly attenuated in a mouse model. Our results suggest thatCaAft2p represents a novel activator and that it functions in ferric reductase activity, morphogenesis and virulence inC. albicans.
Two nucleoside transporters in Lactococcus lactis with different substrate specificities
Authors: Martinussen Jan , Sørensen Claus , Jendresen Christian Bille , Kilstrup Mogens
Published: July 2010

In an alternative to biosynthesis of nucleotides, most organisms are capable of exploiting exogenous nucleotide sources. In order to do so, the nucleotide precursors must pass the membrane, which requires the presence of transporters. Normally, phosphorylated compounds are not subject to transport, and the utilization of nucleotides is dependent on exogenous phosphatases. The composition of transporters with specificity for purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleobases is subject to variation. The ability of Lactococcus lactis to transport different nucleosides across the cell membrane was characterized at both genetic and physiological level, using mutagenesis and by measuring the growth and uptake of nucleosides in the different mutants supplemented with different nucleosides. Two high affinity transporters were identified: BmpA–NupABC was shown to be an ABC transporter with the ability to actively transport all common nucleosides, whereas UriP was shown to be responsible for the uptake of only uridine and deoxyuridine. Interestingly, the four genes encoding the ABC transporter were found at different positions on the chromosome. The bmpA gene was separated from the nupABC operon by 60 kb. Moreover, bmpA was subject to regulation by purine availability, whereas the nupABC operon was constitutively expressed.
Ibuprofen augments pro‐inflammatory cytokine release in a mouse model of Vibrio vulnificus infection
Authors: Lee Yuarn‐Jang , Chuang Yin‐Ching
Published: June 2010

We evaluated the effects of ibuprofen on cytokine production and mortality in a mouse model of septic shock induced by Vibrio vulnificus, strain Chi Mei Vv05191. Ibuprofen (50 mg/kg) or saline (control) was given to female BALB/cByJ mice for three consecutive days before exposure to the pathogen. For cytokine production, serum and peritoneal fluid were assayed for IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and MIP‐2 by ELISA at 3, 6, and 9 hr after intraperitoneal infection of the organism. At 6 hr after infection, serum and peritoneal fluid levels of IL‐6, TNF‐α, and MIP‐2 were significantly higher in the ibuprofen group. For mortality determination, 73 mice (37 ibuprofen, 36 control) were injected intramuscularly with V. vulnificus. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were analyzed. Survival was significantly decreased by ibuprofen only for the lowest inoculum (25 CFU) of V. vulnificus. Administration of ibuprofen before infection may augment the pathogenesis of V. vulnificus by stimulating cytokine production.
Inhibition of CD23‐dependent facilitated allergen binding to B cells following vaccination with genetically modified hypoallergenic Bet v 1 molecules
Authors: Pree I. , Shamji M. H. , Kimber I. , Valenta R. , Durham S. R. , Niederberger V.
Published: June 2010

Background
Vaccination with hypoallergenic recombinant Bet v 1 derivatives (Bet v 1 fragments and Bet v 1 trimer) is associated with the induction of IgG antibodies specific to natural Bet v 1.

Objective
To investigate whether IgG antibodies induced following vaccination with genetically modified hypoallergenic Bet v 1 derivatives are able to inhibit IgE‐facilitated binding of allergen‐IgE complexes to B cells.

Methods
Sera from 46 patients obtained before and after subcutaneous vaccination with Bet v 1 trimer (n=14), Bet v 1 fragments (n=11) or placebo (n=21) were incubated with recombinant (r) Bet v 1 and an indicator serum (IS) from a birch pollen‐allergic patient with high CD23 binding capacity. Bet v 1 immune complexes were added to a CD23‐expressing B cell line and co‐operative binding of Bet v1‐IgE complexes to CD23 was measured with a polyclonal anti‐IgE FITC antibody using a bio‐functional cellular flow cytometric assay.

Results
When sera from patients vaccinated with rBet v 1 derivatives were incubated with Bet v 1 and the IS, a reduction of IgE binding to CD23 was observed. This effect was not seen when sera from placebo‐treated patients were used. The decrease in CD23/IgE binding was statistically significant in the trimer group [pre‐ vs. post‐specific immunotherapy (SIT): P=0.02; trimer vs. placebo: P<0.04] but not in the Bet v 1 fragments‐treated group. Trimer‐treated patients had higher levels of Bet v 1‐specific IgG than fragment‐treated patients. The degree of inhibitory activity of IgE‐facilitated allergen binding correlated with Bet v 1‐specific IgG levels following SIT (R=0.492; P=0.012).

Conclusion
Vaccination with both recombinant Bet v 1 derivatives induces Bet v 1‐specific IgG antibodies, which are able to inhibit the co‐operative binding of allergen‐IgE complexes to CD23, and may thereby reduce allergen‐specific T cell responses.

Cite this as: I. Pree, M. H. Shamji, I. Kimber, R. Valenta, S. R. Durham and V. Niederberger, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1346–1352.
Substantial changes of cellular iron homeostasis during megakaryocytic differentiation of K562 cells
Authors: Wandzik Krzysztof , Zahn Claudia , Dassler Katrin , Fuchs Hendrik
Published: July 2010

We investigated the remodeling of iron metabolism during megakaryocytic development of K562 cells. Differentiation was successfully verified by increase of the megakaryocytic marker CD61 and concomitant decrease of the erythroid marker γ‐globin. The reduction of erythroid properties was accompanied by changes in the cellular iron content and in the expression of proteins regulating cellular iron homeostasis. Independent of available inorganic or transferrin‐bound extracellular iron, total intracellular iron increases while the iron‐to‐protein ratio decreases. The iron exporter ferroportin is downregulated within 1–6 h, followed by downregulation of transferrin receptor‐1 (TfR1) and ferritin heavy chain (H‐ferritin) mainly after 24–48 h. The hemochromatosis protein‐1, a ligand of TfR1, peaked after 24 h. All effects were independent of iron supply with the exception of H‐ferritin, which was restored by excess iron. While alterations of CD61, TfR1 and ferritin expression were revoked by a protein kinase C inhibitor, downregulation of ferroportin remained unaffected.
Cutaneous signs of liver disease: value for prognosis of severe fibrosis and cirrhosis
Authors: Niederau Claus , Lange Stefan , Frühauf Martin , Thiel Andreas
Published: July 2010

Background/Aims: Although physicians have looked for cutaneous signs of liver disease for more than a century, their prognostic value has never been evaluated systematically.

Methods: Therefore, cutaneous changes were prospectively recorded in all patients referred for liver biopsy from June 2000 to May 2004. Fibrosis was staged from F0 to F4 according to Desmet and Scheuer. The analysis included 744 patients, 520 of whom had chronic hepatitis C while the remaining had other diseases.

Results: By univariate analysis, the frequency of several skin changes was associated with the degree of fibrosis. In general, at fibrosis F0–1 skin changes were infrequent; they became more frequent at F2 and were frequent at F3–4. To analyse the predictive value of skin changes, patients with fibrosis F0–2 were compared with those with F3–4. Final logistic regression included spider naevi, palmar erythema, teleangiectasia, bleeding signs and dry skin as well as age and gender. When routine laboratory values were included in the analysis, prothrombine time, γ‐glutamyltransferase and albumin proved to be significant. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) showed a good discrimination of fibrosis F0–2 from F3–4 by the modelled score on combining skin changes and laboratory tests: at the cost of 2% of non‐diagnosed patients with F3–4, one might have saved 60% of biopsies. ROC was less useful in discriminating fibrosis F0–1 from F2–4. The discriminative power of skin changes was better than the laboratory values and the aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio.

Conclusions: The results prove that it is quite useful to look for skin changes in patients with liver disease.
Light Regulation to Chlorophyll Synthesis and Plastid Development of the Chlorophyll‐Less Golden‐Leaf Privet
Authors: Yuan Ming , Xu Mo‐Yun , Yuan Shu , Chen Yang‐Er , Du Jun‐Bo , Xu Fei , Zhang Zhong‐Wei , Guo Zi‐Chan , Zhao Zhong‐Yi , Lin Hong‐Hui
Published: June 2010

Ligustrum vicaryi L. is a hybrid of Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. var. aureo‐marginatum and Ligustrum vulgale L., and displays a chlorophyll‐less phenotype. Therefore it is widely used as a horticultural shrub because of its golden‐color leaves. Its putative mechanism, light responses, chlorophyll synthesis and plastid development were studied. L. vicaryi has a higher level of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA), but lower levels of chlorophylls compared with L. quihoui. The yellowish phenotype of L. vicaryi upper leaves could be attributed to their hampered conversion from chlorophyllide into chlorophyll a. Despite the enhanced ALA level and the decreased thylakoid stacking in plastids, L. vicaryi golden leaves contain normal levels of Lhcb transcripts and photosystem apoproteins. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation is almost the same in L. vicaryi and L. quihoui. The golden leaves often turn green and the contents of chlorophylls increase with decreasing light intensity. Dynamic changes of chlorophyll‐synthesis‐system under the light transition were also analyzed.
Intravitreal ranibizumab for macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion: a retrospective study of 34 eyes
Authors: Puche Nathalie , Glacet Agnès , Mimoun Gérard , Zourdani Alain , Coscas Gabriel , Soubrane Gisèle
Published: June 2010

Purpose:  To evaluate the efficacy and the safety of intravitreal ranibizumab injection (Lucentis) in eyes with macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).

Methods:  The files of consecutive patients (34 eyes, 15 CRVO, 19 BRVO) were retrospectively analysed. Intravitreal injections of 0.5 mg ranibizumab were administered; retreatment was based on acuity visual changes and optical coherence tomography findings. Patients received 2–4 injections (mean, 2.1). Mean follow‐up was 7 months.

Results:  After the first injection, mean best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 20/160 to 20/80 and mean central retinal thickness (CRT) decreased significantly from 549 to 301 μm (p < 0.01). For each injection, BCVA improvement was on average nine letters (p < 0.01) and macular oedema reduction was 195 μm CRT (p < 0.01). The decrease in CRT was similar in CRVO and BRVO, but the improvement in BCVA was larger in BRVO. No local or systemic adverse effect was detected. Final visual acuity was correlated to initial visual acuity and to visual acuity measured after the first injection. The change in CRT was correlated to the number of injections and to initial CRT.

Conclusion:  Intravitreal injections of ranibizumab appeared to be a safe and effective option in the treatment of macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion. Nevertheless, because the natural course has demonstrated a possible improvement in vision in almost one quarter of affected eyes at 3 years, further controlled and prospective studies are necessary to compare this treatment to the natural course with a longer follow‐up.
FLOW VIDEO SYNTHESIS FROM AN IMAGE
Authors: ZHAO YUTAO , ZHANG MING , LIU YUNCAI
Published: June 2010

A new method of image based flow analysis and synthesis from a still image is presented. We analyze the flow parts from a still image in order to get continuous video by image matting, image inpainting, projecting flow field onto the image and modulation. We construct and project 3D flow models onto still images and propose 2D modulation methods that are more suitable and practical to our synthesis. Our technique can edit still images that have flow parts. The experiments show the method is effective.
QUANTUM CORRELATIONS FROM CLASSICAL GAUSSIAN RANDOM VARIABLES: FUNDAMENTAL ROLE OF VACUUM NOISE
Authors: KHRENNIKOV ANDREI
Published: June 2010

We show that, in spite of rather common opinion, correlations of observables on subsystems of a composite quantum system can be represented as correlations of classical Gaussian variables. We restrict our model to the finite dimensional case (which is important, e.g., in quantum information theory). Here quantum correlations are represented by integrals with Gaussian densities which can be directly calculated. In particular, the EPR–Bell correlations for polarizations of entangled photons can be represented as correlations of Gaussian random variables. The tricky point of our construction is the necessity to introduce the Gaussian noise ("vacuum fluctuations") to obtain positively defined covariance matrices for "prequantum random variables." Quantum mechanics can be considered as a method to proceed by subtracting the influence of this Gaussian background noise.
Determining divisibility between polynomials with inexact coefficients
Authors: Nakayama Hiroki , Sekigawa Hiroshi
Published: June 2010

We provide a method of determining whether there exist some
p 2 P
and
f 2 F
such that p is divisible by
f
for a pair of real multivariate interval polynomials,
P
and
F
. Although this problem is written as a feasibility problem for a system of nonlinear algebraic equations, it is an NP-hard problem and is thus difficult to solve. Our approach is iterative based on interval analyses, which outputs the regions containing the solutions if the system is feasible; otherwise, it outputs the fact of infeasibility. We also propose two methods for where the system of algebraic equations is underdetermined, the first obtains the regions that enclose all solutions, and the second obtains the solution that minimizes error in the Euclidean norm.
Crystal Structure of Poly[(acetone-O)-3-((3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)methyl)-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-olate)sodium]
Authors: Penkova Anita , Retailleau Pascal , Manolov Ilia
Published: June 2010

The structure of Poly[(acetone-O)-3-((3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)methyl)-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-olate)sodium] was determined by X-ray crystallography. The compound crystallizes in an orthorhombic system and was characterized thus P 21 21 21, a=9.967(2) Å, b=11.473(3) Å, c=22.176(5) Å. Z=4, V=2535.9(10) Å3. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares on F2 to final values of R1=0.0601 and wR2=0.1515.
Multifractal Analysis of Infinite Products of Stationary Jump Processes
Authors: Mannersalo Petteri , Norros Ilkka , Riedi Rudolf H.
Published: June 2010

There has been a growing interest in constructing stationary measures with known multifractal properties. In an earlier paper, the authors introduced the multifractal products of stochastic processes (MPSP) and provided basic properties concerning convergence, nondegeneracy, and scaling of moments. This paper considers a subclass of MPSP which is determined by jump processes with i.i.d. exponentially distributed interjump times. Particularly, the information dimension and a multifractal spectrum of the MPSP are computed. As a side result it is shown that the random partitions imprinted naturally by a family of Poisson point processes are sufficient to determine the spectrum in this case.
Oxazepam versus Clomethiazol in Alcohol Withdrawal Treatment
Authors: de Millas Walter , Ganzer Florian , Kuhn Silke , Haasen Christian
Published: July 2010

The pharmacological management of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome associated with alcohol dependence is heterogeneous; however, according to the guidelines, clomethiazol is the standard medication in Germany. Benzodiazepines offer another safe possibility of treating alcohol withdrawal. In a retrospective study, alcohol-dependent patients treated either with oxazepam (n = 141) or clomethiazol (n = 357) were assessed with respect to the course of treatment and withdrawal symptoms. The results showed that under oxazepam treatment, there were fewer days with severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms and less severe adverse events, but patients receiving clomethiazol treatment had a more severe course of alcohol dependence. Oxazepam is a safe, efficient and cheap drug for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal symptoms, but controlled studies are needed to compare its effectiveness with that of clomethiazol.
Het Trefwoord 'Holland': Opschudding Over Een Artikel in De Real-Encyklopädie (1856)
Authors: Broeyer F.G.M.
Published: July 2010

In 1856 the sixth volume of the editio princeps of the famous German encyclopedia Real-Encyklopädie für protestantische Theologie und Kirche was published. The volume included a lengthy article on the history and present situation of the Dutch Reformed Church and other protestant churches in the Netherlands. A reformed minister of Frankfurt am Main, Carl (or Karl) Sudhoff, was the author. His article provoked a fierce protest. A Dutch ministers' association demanded from the editor, the Erlangen professor J.J. Herzog, a new article that put right what they regarded as errors. Herzog was not very inclined to comply, for it is hardly common practice to enter critical supplements in an encyclopedia. Finally, however, he gave way. The Leyden professor J.J. Prins wrote an article with a mass of criticism and after the endorsement of the ministers' association this was sent to Erlangen. Those discontented men then fell into a rage again. There was indeed a supplement to the article on Holland at the end of the eighth volume of the Real-Encyklopädie, but it did not offer the text of Prins. Herzog had added his own commentary to Prins's review. Time and again he remarked that the severe criticism sent from Holland was the criticism of a party. Besides that it turned out that he had omitted many important matters in the critical review written by Prins. The point at issue was that the very orthodox Sudhoff gave a highly biased description of the history and contemporary situation of Dutch Protestantism. Already in 1851 many people in Holland were angry about Abraham Capadose's report on the Netherlands at the meeting of the Evangelical Alliance in London. The orthodox agreed with what men like Capadose said in other countries, but followers of other parties in the Dutch protestant churches wanted a balanced and more appreciative judgement of their position. All parties were keen on an image matching their own viewpoints. The reason why they were doing so much to correct a negative image elsewhere was the interest in their identity. In 1860 all that thinking about identity led to two brilliant treatises on Dutch Protestantism in the nineteenth century: Chr. Sepp's Proeve eener pragmatische geschiedenis der Theologie hier te lande and D. Chantepie de la Saussaye's La Crise religieuse en Hollande.
Lodewijk De Vrome's Openbare Boetedoening in 833: Een Kwestie Van Ministeria
Authors: Oberndorff Theo
Published: July 2010

This article intends to support the thesis that the eleventh-century investiture controversy was preceded by a similar struggle between Church and State in the Carolingian era. In the ninth century already, some bishops, convinced by a theological principle, stood up for the unity of Christianity and within this constellation for the superiority of episcopal power. At the deposition and public penance of Louis the Pious in 833, such considerations played a very important part. The growth of this episcopal self-awareness is indicated by the slowly evolving interpretation of episcopal responsibility (ministerium) in the Frankish secular and ecclesiastical legislation from the sixth to the ninth century. The disagreement among the Carolingian episcopate about the legitimacy of Louis' deposition, however, resulted in a stalemate during which the former emperor regained control.
Eentfoldich End Kortt Discours Van Henlegginge Der Huiden Riligionssverschillen, So Hier Alss Anders-Swaer in Der Evangelische Christenheitt Van Langerhandt40 Erressen
Authors: Van Der Pol F.
Published: July 2010

The archives of the town of Kampen in Overijssel (the Netherlands) contain an early 17th-century manuscript by an unknown author. The manuscript is about an ecclesiastical conflict in the period preceding the Synod of Dort (1618-1619). The document might be related to peace efforts as also made by Hugo Grotius in the dispute between Remonstrants and Contraremonstrants. The author does not aim at a doctrinal decision or strict definition, but at accommodation and tolerance. The idea of an evangelical-Lutheran contribution to solve the party conflict in order to reach a conciliation between Lutherans and Reformed also strikes one as 'Grotiaans'. Another feature which makes this document look like the efforts of Grotius is the link between political and ecclesiastical peace. People should accept each other as citizens, despite their religious differences. The document contains a couple of indications which provide a profile of the author. This profile is applied to the border province of Overijssel, with concentration on the town of Kampen. The author may have been the headmaster of a Latin School. In 1617, this school in Kampen was run by Marcus Gualtherus, a scholar from Weinheim in the Lower Palatinate, near Heidelberg. He studied at Heidelberg. His scholarship, his Palatine origin, his many-sided contacts, all this corresponds with features of the treatise. The author shows familiarity with theological issues within the Lutheran Church in Germany. In his proposal, the five articles of the Remonstrants should be approached with the help of the Palatine experience. The writer of the treatise refers to the 16th-century Lutheran creeds and reformers like Luther, Bucer and Zwingli. He indicates the important role of the CA in achieving unity among Lutherans in Germany. This confession is quoted repeatedly as a model for the Protestants in the Netherlands. At the synod a final draft could be formulated with the aid of the Book of Concord. A final text might be endorsed by all evangelical churches. With the acceptance of this document upon which all parties agree, a general concordia of the whole of evangelical Christendom will have been established.
De Neerslag Van Het Echtreglement in De Trouwregisters Van Margraten En Vaals
Authors: Munier W. A. J.
Published: July 2010

On the 18th of March 1656 the States General issued the Marriage Regulation Act for all the territories which were placed under the immediate authority of the Right Honourable Lords in the Hague. To these also belonged the Lands of Overmaas even though the sovereignty over these territories was not quite clear. Other relevant questions would be settled in the Partage Treaty of 1661(3). Nevertheless the Marriage Regulation Act was enforced in all the places where the States General had a say from 1656 onwards. But in Vaals the Act could only be promulgated in 1663. The aim of the Marriage Regulation Act was to control marriage and marital life of all its citizens in every detail of life. This was especially true of the contract itself. Roman Catholic priests were rigorously forbidden to interfere. Official recognition, also of Roman Catholic marriages, was made conditional on the marriage contracted before the Ministers of the Reformed Church and the councils of the parishes concerned. But it was also made possible to contract a marriage before a civil authority called the court of aldermen. Going by the written documents of the time less use than was expected was made of this possibility. Of these civic contracts in the Lands of Overmaas separate registers have been kept of Margraten and Vaals only. In this article an investigation is made on the part both authorities have played in the marriage contract of the Roman Catholic citizens in both places. It covers the period of 1656-1795. In the latter year the French Republicans made an end to the Government of the States General in the Lands of Overmaas.
Comptes Rendus De La SociÉTÉ NÉErlandaise De Zoologie
Authors: Jacobi E.F.
Published: July 2010

Only two groups of problems will be dealt with. Those arising as a result of the behaviour of the animals and those connected with their food requirements.
Was Jesus a Friend of Unrepentant Sinners? A Fresh Appraisal of Sanders's Controversial Proposal
Authors: Powell Mark Allan
Published: July 2010

The proposal of E.P. Sanders that Jesus befriended sinners and promised them the kingdom without requiring that they repent has been rejected out of hand by many scholars but has not received a systematic evaluation. This article critiques six points that Sanders believes supports his conclusion, distinguishing between points that do not hold up to scrutiny, points that merely cohere with Sanders's claim without necessitating such a conclusion, and points that actually do indicate the viability of his proposal in ways that have not yet been refuted. The article concludes with a restatement of the argument that is more systematic than Sanders's original presentation. This restatement may be more acceptable to many Jesus scholars and, in any case, will delineate where those who continue to reject this controversial proposal should focus their critique.
Where is Jesus 'at Home'? Hermeneutical Reflections on the Contextual Jesus
Authors: Brinkman Martien
Published: July 2010

This article deals with the new meanings contributed to Jesus in new contexts. It questions how Jesus can be brought 'at home' in an African or Asian context. In particular, the methodological aspects of this question are objects of research. First, following a description of the complex relationship between culture-religion and the importance of the southern hemisphere as the center of world Christianity, the inculturation process in the New Testament times is analyzed. Second, the notion of the 'remembered Jesus' is applied to the inculturation process in the New Testament and to the constitutive period of the early church. Third, a threefold criterion to assess contextual Jesus-interpretations is articulated and related to the idea of

double transformation

as main characteristic of an adequate inculturation process. Fourth, the question is asked whether we can speak of an 'unknown, hidden Jesus' in Asia and Africa.
Vocation, Christendom, and Public Life: A Reformed Assessment of Yoder's Anabaptist Critique of Christendom
Authors: Schuurman Douglas
Published: July 2010

In this article I reflect upon the implications of Christendom for Christian vocation. It begins by describing the condition of Christendom in the United States. Then it traces John Howard Yoder's critique of Christendom. Finally, it assesses Yoder's critique with a view to a revised understanding of the public vocation of the Christian in a post-Christendom USA. Part of that assessment involves distinguishing three forms of Christendom: state-enforced Christendom, voluntary cultural Christendom, and Christian culture within the church as minority community of obedient witness. I propose that Reformed vocation should join embrace Yoder's rejection of state-enforced Christendom and affirm his call to develop Christian culture as a minority community. But unlike Yoder Reformed vocation requires Christians, where possible, to work toward voluntary Christendom in the broader society.
Economic Justice as Social Justice in a Globalized World: A Theological Analysis
Authors: Ulshöfer Gotlind
Published: July 2010

This article discusses the understanding of economic justice in the Accra Confession. It develops the notion of economic justice as social justice in a globalized world. By analyzing the discourse on corporate social responsibility in the European Union, it shows the importance of the interdependence of social responsibility and economic justice and vice versa.
A Theological Evaluation of the South African Constitutional Value of Human Dignity
Authors: Vorster Nico
Published: July 2010

One of the key objectives of the South African constitution is to create a sovereign democratic state founded upon human dignity. The South African Constitutional Court relies mainly on the classical, liberal view of human dignity to give judicial content to the constitutional value of human dignity. This article compares the South African constitutional concept of human dignity with a Reformed-Christian perspective. It identifies shortcomings in the South African constitutional understanding of human dignity, and indicates how a Christian perspective on human dignity offers a more philosophical and judical substance to human dignity.
The Rediscovery of the Meaning of Baptism—Its Contribution to a Public Theology
Authors: Brinkman Martien
Published: July 2010

In this contribution, I emphasize the potential public—and here that means 'societal'—impact of one of the main sacraments of the church; namely, the sacrament of baptism. I shall focus especially on the ethical implications of the sacrament of baptism as a sacrament that marks the transition to a new way of life. The thesis to be elaborated is that the sacrament of baptism, including its doctrine of original sin and its expectation of the kingdom of God, comprises the indispensable framework of a sound public theology understood as a theology of societal renewal.
The Trinity between Athens and Jerusalem
Authors: Schwöbel Christoph
Published: July 2010

This article uncovers the roots of the doctrine of the Trinity in the 'prototrinitarian grammar of discourse on God' of the New Testament and in its Old Testament presuppositions. Contrary to the well-worn thesis of Harnack, it is argued that it was Jerusalem rather than Athens—i.e., the biblical witness rather than Greek metaphysics—that gave rise to the dogma of the Trinity. Greek metaphysics only came in when the early Christians had to express the universality of the truth they claimed for God's self-disclosure through Christ in the Spirit by engaging with Greek philosophy. This was a risky experiment, since it implied a conceptual redefinition that went against the doctrine's original import. It is shown, however, that the crucial link to the biblical witness was re-established by the Cappadocian fathers and subsequently adopted by the Council of Constantinople (381).
Karl Barth regarding Election and Israel: For Jewish-Christian Mutuality in Interreligious Context
Authors: Chung Paul S.
Published: July 2010

Can Barth’s theology contribute to the development of post-Shoa theology? It is argued in the North American context that Barth remains tied to a Christian tradition of anti-Semitism. Scholars committed to renewal of Jewish-Christian relations learn from the radical legacy of Barth’s theology of Israel while at the same time critically distancing themselves from his limitations. This paper attempts to analyze Barth’s theology of election and Israel for the sake of Jewish-Christian mutuality and its implications for interreligious peace.
From Rome to Kampala: An Analysis of Article 124 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court
Authors: Scheers Ivar
Published: July 2010

The essay elaborates on Article 124 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, which allows states parties to deny the Court jurisdiction over war crimes for a maximum period of seven years, upon signing the Statute. The article firstly, touches upon the provision from an historical point of view. Secondly, it addresses the reasons and effects of the two declarations invoking the article that have been made so far reflects the practical side of the provision. The body of the essay exemplifies the arguments in favour of both deletion and retention of Article 124, as proposed by states parties of the International Criminal Court and NGOs. It argues that states parties should decide to remove the provision from the Statute, due to its discrepancy with the preamble of the Statute, the concessive conjunction of its existence and its relative lack of use. The essay concludes with addressing the remaining procedural constraints of deletion of the provision, seeking to clarify the future consequences such a deletion might entail.
Sex, Slavery and the High Court of Australia: The Contribution of R v. Tang to International Jurisprudence
Authors: Tully Stephen
Published: July 2010

The judgment of the High Court of Australia in R v. Tang is a significant contribution to jurisprudence on the definition of slavery under international law. This case considered whether the intention of the perpetrator was a necessary element for the prosecution of that offence under Australian law. The High Court also preserved the conceptual integrity of slavery, evaluated the decisions in Kunarac and Siliadin, identified the powers attaching to the right of ownership as that expression appears in the 1926 and 1956 Slavery Conventions and employed a human rights orientation to contemporary manifestations of slavery. Although considerable practical challenges remain for enforcing the prohibition against slavery in Australia, R v. Tang marks a significant precedent likely to influence future international jurisprudence on the topic.
The Eyewitnesses as Interpreters of the Past: Reflections on Richard Bauckham's, Jesus and the Eyewitnesses
Authors: Byrskog Samuel
Published: July 2010

Richard Bauckham's Jesus and the Eyewitnesses is a remarkable achievement which rightly places the role of eyewitnesses in early Christianity on the international scholarly agenda and points to its historical and theological significance. Just as Bauckham has previously challenged form criticism on its uncritical reference to Gospels communities, he has now decisively undermined the romantic idea of the existence of creative collectives determined by impersonal laws of how tradition originates and develops. The present essay questions his confident use of the names mentioned in the Gospels and asks for clarification as to the precise relationship between eyewitnesses and history and the nature of their recollection. It also points to and exemplifies the rhetorical character of the Gospel of Mark as an indication of how reports about the past were interpreted, rhetoricized, and narrativized and asks how precisely to account for the infl uence of eyewitnesses when they were not longer present in the transmitting groups and the Christian communities.
Polemics as a Case for Dissent: A Response to Richard Bauckham's Jesus and the Eyewitnesses
Authors: Weeden Sr. Theodore
Published: July 2010

Contra Richard Bauckham's thesis that the Gospels of Mark, Luke and John were based upon original eyewitness testimony—in the case of Luke, the preface declaration; in the case of Mark, Peter's testimony; in the case of John, the testimony of Papias' John the Elder—I submit here evidence to the contrary, focusing my response on Luke and Mark With respect to Luke, I propose, drawing upon the works of Loveday Alexander and Joseph Tyson, that the Lukan preface is a second-century anti-Marcionite appendage to ‘original’ Luke. In the case of Mark, apart from any Petrine testimony, I argue that Mark created the passion narrative in large part from Davidic-saga and Josephan hypotexts.
Kenneth Bailey's Theory of Oral Tradition: Critiquing Theodore Weeden's Critique
Authors: Dunn James
Published: July 2010

This article is a response to the critique of Kenneth Bailey's depiction of oral tradition made by Theodore Weeden in the preceding essay. The anecdotal evidence for the thesis certainly leaves the thesis open to criticism, but Weeden's critique suffers from a resolute antipathy to Bailey's thesis; it misrepresents the point Bailey is making on several occasions, and it consistently misunderstands the way oral tradition functions, which Bailey's examples well illustrate. Bailey's theory in fact provides a better explanation for the enduring nature and format of the Synoptic Jesus tradition, its repeated character of the same yet different, than any of the alternative predominantly literary explanations.
Jewish Art, Naturally
Authors: Zemel Carol
Published: July 2010

This essay sets out an agenda for the study of modern Jewish visual culture. Topics and issues raised encompass questions of idolatry, the ethics of visuality and picturing the unrepresentable, nationalism in traditional cultural historiography, diasporic art production, and a suggested review of Jewish cultural issues in theorists such as Aby Warburg, Erwin Panofsky and others of the interwar generation.
Two Faces of Eve: Polemics and Controversies Viewed Through Pictorial Motifs
Authors: Laderman Shulamit
Published: July 2010

The appearance of the enigmatic woman-headed serpent in both Christian and Jewish art of the thirteenth century can be understood as a reflection of the historical developments of that period. The widespread influence of the Cathar/Albigensian dualistic heresy in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries brought about a strong Church reaction, and the Inquisition that eliminated the heresy. The Jews were caught in the middle of this inquisitorial campaign and, in order to defend themselves, had to disassociate themselves from the dualistic ideas expressed by the Kabbalah and at the same time also prove their allegiance to the Old Testament. Their use of particular Christian models in biblical and non-biblical illuminated manuscripts at that point in time may well be a graphic indication of the Jews' precarious position in medieval Christian society.
Sweatshop Images: Jewish History and Memory
Authors: Baigell Matthew
Published: July 2010

This essay considers twentieth-century images of and attitudes about Jewish immigrants who worked in sweatshops. Initially, the shops were represented as places harmful to the health of workers and their families. By 1920, the shops might represent a place and state of mind from which to escape. In the politically charged 1930s, they were seen as places of militant union organizing that ultimately led to better working and housing facilities. Finally, sweatshops became virtual places in the memories of younger generation artists memorializing their forebears. Artists discussed include Jacob Riis, William Gropper, Ben Shahn, Carol Hamoy, and Ken Aptekar.
The Homer of Potsdamerplatz—Walter Benjamin in Wim Wenders's Sky Over Berlin/Wings of Desire, a Critical Topography
Authors: Bordo Jonathan
Published: July 2010

The essay explores the deep and pervasive influence of Walter Benjamin in Wim Wenders's Der Himmel über Berlin (The Sky over Berlin under the English title Wings of Desire). The essay draws its title from the Benjaminean storyteller named “Homer” in the film, whose search for the lost Potsdamerplatz is the theme of his principal recitation. The text offers a chorography of Potsdamerplatz to show why Wim Wenders needs Walter Benjamin as his companion in order to recover the heart and soul of the then divided city of Berlin, still submerged in the nightmare of its recent Nazi past. Wenders's dependency on Walter Benjamin sheds light on and gives content to the filmmaker's ambition to make film as an art of memory. Without making any obvious declarations about the Holocaust, Himmel über Berlin points a way toward a civic remembrance that goes beyond the piety of the monument and the politics of identity to fuse urgency with inwardness in a treasure house of memorable images.
Ceremonial Objects in Early Seventeenth-Century Amsterdam: Three Inventories of Bet Israel Dated 1619, 1620, and 1635
Authors: Cohen Julie-Marthe
Published: July 2010

Three inventories of ceremonial objects were compiled by the Portuguese Jewish community of Bet Israel in Amsterdam in 1619, 1620, and 1635. This article presents the original Portuguese text, its translation, and a commentary, preceded by an introduction discussing the process of the congregation's acquisition of ceremonial objects. The information in these early inventories, along with additional data from contemporaneous sources, increases our otherwise limited knowledge about early Dutch Sephardic customs, about the types and shapes of various objects, and about the people who donated them.
Examining the Utility of Third World Approaches to International Law for International Human Rights Law
Authors: Badaru Opeoluwa Adetoro
Published: July 2010

With the gradual emergence of Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL), there arises a necessity to examine its utility as an academic endeavour, particularly within the context of international human rights law. Questions need to be asked as to what benefits – if any – the adoption of TWAIL (either as a method of inquiry or as a subject of inquiry) offers researchers in the field of human rights law. In the same vein, the time is also ripe for scholars to engage with the important question of whether there are some shortcomings that TWAIL needs to address in order for it to be of more benefit to the human rights discourse.