bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post Harvest Quality of Acid Lime Fruits 'Tahiti' Grafted on Genotype (TSKCx (LCR x TR) – 017), under Saline Stress
Authors: Sousa Sabrina Vieira de , Costa Franciscleudo Bezerra da , Silva Luderlândio De Andrade , Brito Marcos Eric Barbosa , Nascimento Ana Marinho do , Silva Jéssica Leite da , Silva Bruna Rocha da , Silva Kátia Gomes da , Santos Kalinne Passos dos , Sales Giuliana Naiara Barros , Sátiro Larissa De Sousa , Fonseca Sthelio Braga da
Published: March 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to verify the post-harvest quality of fruits of the acid lime fruits ‘Tahiti’ of the genotype TSKC x (LCR x TR) – 017, under saline stress.

Experimental Design: The experimental design was completely randomized from the factorial arrangement (2x5), where factor 1 corresponded to irrigation water salinity levels (0.3 and 3.0 dSm-1) and factor 2, storage time (0.5, 10, 15 and 20 days).

Location and Duration of the Study: The experiment was conducted at the Center of Science and Technology Agrifood of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal Campus, Paraíba, from February 2016 to February 2017.

Methodology: The effect of the treatments was analyzed from the following evaluations: loss of fresh weight (%),soluble solids(%),titratable acidity (%),soluble solids and titratable acidity, hydrogen potential, concentration of H + ions (μM), electrical conductivity (dSm-1),ascorbic acid (mg 100 mL-1), total soluble sugars (mg 100 mL-1),phenolic compounds(mg 100 mL-1) and flavonoids (mg 100 mL-1).

Results: It was observed the interaction between the saline concentration and the time of storage, on the physical-chemical and chemical characteristics in the acid file 'Tahiti'.

Conclusion: The salinity of 3.0 dSm-1 showed the highest values for soluble solids, SS/AT ratios, total soluble sugars, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids during storage, indicating that the quality of these fruits was better when compared to fruits of the acidic 'Tahiti' file with 0.3 dSm-1 of salinity.
Factors Influencing Brand Switching Behaviour of Mobile Phone Users and the Mediating Effect of Customer Satisfaction: A Literature Review
Authors: Garga Esther , Maiyaki Ahmad Audu , Sagagi Murtala Sabo
Published: March 2019

Mobile phone market is one of the most turbulent market environments today due to increased competition and change. Thus, it is of growing concern to look at consumer brand switching behaviour and shade light on the factors that influence the consumer switching between different brands of mobile phones. On this basis, this paper deals with consumers' brand switching behaviour of mobile phone by studying factors that influence consumers to change their mobile phones brand and the mediating effects of customer satisfaction. Using literature review, it was found that although the purchase of a mobile phone is subjective, there are some general factors that seem to influence the switching behaviour of consumers among brands. The studies further show that among other things that influence consumer switching behaviour in the purchase of mobile phones includes reference group and product quality. The study further reveals that customer satisfaction has positive effects on customer switching. Thus, customer satisfaction is considered a positive determinant of how strong is the relationship between the customer and the product provider. The study therefore, recommends that mobile phone marketers should shift focus on building corporate image and analyze more carefully the reason for customers to switch brands in their industries in order to increase loyalty among these customers.
Shallow Water Empirical Remote Sensing Bathymetry Using the Blue/Green and Red Spectrum Regions
Authors: Mohamed Gar Al-Nabi Ibrahim
Published: March 2019

An atmospherically corrected Sentinel-2 image and a 1/25000 scale nautical chart were used to investigate the performance of the electromagnetic spectrum blue/green and red regions in bathymetric data retrieval. The imaging optical empirical remote sensing bathymetry, using Stumpf (2003) reflectance model was adopted in this investigation. In clean water depth (3.1-7.3) meters both spectrum regions can be used to retrieve bathymetric data with an accuracy of ± (0.82-1.10) m. The optimum electromagnetic spectrum regions in this depth range were the blue/green spectrum range (0.457-0.523 μm) and the red range (0.773-0.793 μm). For depth range (2.1-15.5) m, the blue/green spectrum region (0.457-0.523 μm) produced better results than those of the red region. The clean water derived bathymetric data quality decreases with the increase of water depth in general and with the red spectrum region in particular. The blue/green spectrum region (0.457-0.523 μm) and the red spectrum region (0.773-0.793 μm) correlation coefficient values can be adopted as a measure of the water turbidity, using the characteristic of the water depth strong correlation in turbid water.
Comparison of the Effect of Trabeculectomy in Controlling Intraocular Pressure in Pseudo-Exfoliaiton and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Kavuncu S. , Erbil H. H.
Published: March 2019

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of the trabeculectomy in controlling intraocular pressure in patients with primary open-angle and pseudo-exfoliation glaucoma.

Materials and Methods: The medical data of a sum of 69 eyes of which 36 (52,2%) with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 33 (47,8%) with pseudo-exfoliation (PEG), who have medically uncontrolled glaucoma and had undergone primary trabeculectomy in Göztepe Education and Research Hospital were evaluated in this retrospective study. Postoperatively, data at the first day, at the first month, and at the last examination evaluated in the study. Success of the surgery is defined as measurement of intraocular pressure under 21 mmHg with (incomplete success) or without (complete success) additional medications following the end of the first year follow-up examinations.

Results: POAG group consists of 36 patients of which 16 male, 20 female and PEG group consists of 33 patients of which 21 male and 12 female. The mean age was 67.2±9.1 (42-80) years in POAG group and 70.7±6.6 (55-80) years in PEG group. There was no statistically significant difference between POAG and PEG groups in visual acuity, mean intraocular pressure, c/d ratio and the number of antiglaucomatous medications preoperatively and postoperatively (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in groups between post and preoperative values in visual acuity, mean intraocular pressure, c/d ratio and the number of antiglaucomatous medications (p<0.05) Success of the trabeculectomy was 41,7% (complete success), 41,7% (incomplete success) and remaining 16,6% was unsuccessful, in POAG group and success rate in PEG group was 51.5%, 27,3% and 21,2% respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between groups (p=0.738).

Conclusion: Trabeculectomy is an effective surgery in lowering intraocular pressure in both of the study groups equally.
Impact of the Gate Dielectric on Contact Resistance in High‐Mobility Organic Transistors
Authors: Paterson Alexandra F. , Mottram Alexander D. , Faber Hendrik , Niazi Muhammad R. , Fei Zhuping , Heeney Martin , Anthopoulos Thomas D.
Published: March 2019

The impact of the gate dielectric on contact resistance in organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) is investigated using electrical characterization, bias‐stress stability measurements, and bandgap density of states (DOS) analysis. Two similar dielectric materials, namely Cytop and poly[4,5‐difluoro‐2,2‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐1,3‐dioxole‐co‐tetrafluoroethylene] (Teflon AF2400), are tested in top‐gate bottom‐contact OTFTs. The contact resistance of Cytop‐based OTFTs is found to be greater than that of the AF2400‐based devices, even though the metal/OSC interface remains identical in both systems. The Cytop devices are also found to perform worse in bias‐stress stability tests which, along with the DOS calculations, suggests that charge trapping at the OSC/dielectric interface is more prevalent with Cytop than AF2400. This increased charge trapping at the Cytop OSC/dielectric interface appears to be associated with the higher contact resistance in Cytop OTFTs. Differences in the molecular structure between Cytop and AF2400 and the large difference in the glass transition temperature of the two polymers may be responsible for the observed difference in the transistor performance. Overall, this study highlights the importance of the gate dielectric material in the quest for better performing OTFTs and integrated circuits.
The role of urban design in childhood obesity: A case study in Lisbon, Portugal
Authors: Pereira Margarida , Nogueira Helena , Padez Cristina
Published: March 2019

Objective

We hypothesize that physical features of the urban environment might enhance or prevent childhood obesity. Thus, this study's main goal was to verify if there is an association between the neighborhood urban design and childhood obesity—independent of well‐known childhood obesity determinants, such as, father's level of schooling (as a proxy for socioeconomic status), and parent's weight status.

Methods

This study classifies neighborhoods according to land use and building features using hierarchical clusters analysis and examines their association with childhood obesity through logistic regression models.

Results

Four clusters resulted from the analysis: Cluster 1 represents areas with older buildings and mixed land use, cluster 2 is an area with small rented buildings and urban areas, cluster 3 comprises newer buildings with parking and urban green space, and cluster 4 is a forest area. Living in cluster 3 protects from childhood obesity, even when adjusting for father's level of schooling or parent's weight status.

Conclusions

There are distinct urban configurations in Lisbon's municipality and children who live in Cluster 3 (more recent and greener neighborhoods) seem to be protected from obesity. Therefore, public policy should focus on healthy urban planning at the neighborhood level, to promote positive impacts on peoples' health.
A Dogma in Doubt: Hydrolysis of Equatorial Ligands of PtIV Complexes under Physiological Conditions
Authors: Kastner Alexander , Poetsch Isabella , Mayr Josef , Burda Jaroslav V. , Roller Alexander , Heffeter Petra , Keppler Bernhard K. , Kowol Christian R.
Published: March 2019

Due to their high kinetic inertness and consequently reduced side reactions with biomolecules, PtIV complexes are considered to define the future of anticancer platinum drugs. The aqueous stability of a series of biscarboxylato PtIV complexes was studied under physiologically relevant conditions. Unexpectedly and in contrast to the current chemical understanding, especially oxaliplatin and satraplatin complexes underwent fast hydrolysis in equatorial position (even in cell culture medium and serum). Notably, the resulting hydrolysis products strongly differ in their reduction kinetics, a crucial parameter for the activation of PtIV drugs, which also changes the anticancer potential of the compounds in cell culture. The discovery that intact PtIV complexes can hydrolyze at equatorial position contradicts the dogma on the general kinetic inertness of PtIV compounds and needs to be considered in the screening and design for novel platinum‐based anticancer drugs.
Comparison of male antennal morphology and sensilla physiology for sex pheromone olfactory sensing between sibling moth species: Ectropis grisescens and Ectropis obliqua (Geometridae)
Authors: Jing Liu , Zhaoqun Li , Zongxiu Luo , Xiaoming Cai , Lei Bian , Zhaojun Xin , Chen Zongmao
Published: March 2019

Ectropis grisescens and Ectropis obliqua (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) are sibling pest species that co‐occur on tea plants. The sex pheromone components of both species contain (Z,Z,Z)‐3,6,9‐octadecatriene and (Z,Z)‐3,9‐cis‐6,7‐epoxy‐octadecadiene. E. obliqua has (Z,Z)‐3,9‐cis‐6,7‐epoxy‐nonadecadiene as an additional sex pheromone component, which ensures reproductive segregation between the two species. To ascertain the detection mechanism of olfactory organs for sex pheromone components of E. grisescens and E. obliqua, we applied scanning electron microscopy and single sensillum recording to compare antennal morphology and sensillum physiology in the two species. There was no apparent morphological difference between the antennae of the two species. Both species responded similarly to all three sex pheromone components, including, E. obliqua specific component. The distribution patterns of antennal sensilla trichodea differed between the two species. Sex pheromone olfactory sensing in these sibling species appears to be determined by the density of different types of olfactory sensing neurons. Dose‐dependent responses of sensilla trichodea type 1 to (Z,Z)‐3,9‐cis‐6,7‐epoxy‐octadecadiene, the most abundant component, showed an “all or none” pattern and the other two components showed sigmoidal dose‐response curves with a half threshold of 10−4 (dilution equal to the concentration of 10 μg/μl). These results suggest that the major sex pheromone component functions as an on–off controller while secondary components function as modulators during olfactory transmission to the primary olfactory center.
Better Movers and Thinkers: An evaluation of how a novel approach to teaching physical education can impact children's physical activity, coordination and cognition
Authors: Dalziell Andrew , Booth Josephine N. , Boyle James , Mutrie Nanette
Published: March 2019

This study aimed to identify what impact a novel approach to teaching physical education (PE) had on children's physical activity (PA), coordination and cognition compared to current provision. One hundred and fifty children were recruited from six primary schools in Scotland. Outcome measures were the Cognitive Assessment System, the Physical Activity Habits Questionnaire for Children and fundamental locomotor skills (crawling, creeping, marching and skipping). Pre‐, post‐ and 6‐month follow‐up testing was conducted and data analysed comparing a control and an intervention group. Each group received 2 hours of PE each week during the 16‐week intervention. Current provision in PE was delivered in the control group and a Better Movers and Thinkers approach to PE delivered in the intervention group. Significant effects of intervention relative to the control group were identified in cognition (p ≤ 0.001, d = 0.76) and coordination (p ≤ 0.001, d = 0.97). No significant effects of intervention were identified for PA (p ≤ 0.200, d = 0.24). The improvement in the outcome measures remained at the 6‐month follow‐up testing. The present study has identified cognitive and coordination improvements as a result of a novel PE intervention with benefits maintained 6 months later. This supports the need for modification in current PE provision to optimise the potential for learning across the curriculum.
The role of personal relevance in the value creation process of edutainment consumption
Authors: Chan Elisa K.
Published: March 2019

This paper explores the value creation process in an edutainment context. It attempts to capture the dual, differential value creation processes through two pathways, namely, affective and cognitive. Results revealed that affective and cognitive values not only increase customer satisfaction but also enhance consumer well‐being. Moreover, contrary to conventional belief asserting that value creation is a universal process, this study finds that those who had higher personal relevance with the edutainment context experienced more intense emotional and intellectual values, which in turn enhanced both their satisfaction, well‐being, and revisit intention. Results suggest that marketers need to rethink their engagement strategy in order to create both emotional and intellectual value for customers.
Antibody–Prodrug Conjugates with KSP Inhibitors and Legumain‐Mediated Metabolite Formation
Authors: Lerchen Hans‐Georg , Stelte‐Ludwig Beatrix , Berndt Sandra , Sommer Anette , Dietz Lisa , Rebstock Anne‐Sophie , Johannes Sarah , Marx Leo , Jörißen Hannah , Mahlert Christoph , Greven Simone
Published: March 2019

Many antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) have failed to achieve a sufficient therapeutic window in clinical studies either due to target‐mediated or off‐target toxicities. To achieve an additional safety level, a new class of antibody–prodrug conjugates (APDCs) directed against different targets in solid tumors is here described. The tumor‐associated lysosomal endopeptidase legumain with a unique cleavage sequence was utilized for APDC metabolism. Legumain‐activatable APDCs were as potent as their cathepsin B‐activatable analogues. The peptide sequence susceptible to legumain cleavage was optimized for further discrimination of the formation of active metabolites within tumor cells versus healthy tissues, leveraging different tissue‐specific legumain activities. Optimized APDCs with slow legumain‐mediated conversion reduced preclinically the levels of active metabolite in healthy organs while retaining high activity against different TWEAKR‐ and B7H3‐expressing tumors.
An efficient virtual machine allocation algorithm for parallel and distributed simulation applications
Authors: Yao Feng , Yao Yiping , Chen Huangke , Li Tianlin , Lin Menglong , Zhang Xiaoxiong
Published: March 2019

Allocating appropriate resource for parallel and distributed simulation (PADS) applications in clouds is an intuitive way to improve their execution efficiency. However, the heterogeneity of virtual machine (VMs) in clouds with respect to both their computing power and network latency influences the execution efficiency of PADS applications on different combinations of VMs. Besides, frequent synchronization is one of the characteristics during the execution of PADS applications, which seriously challenges the prediction of the influence of VMs' computing power and network latency on their execution efficiency, and makes allocating appropriate VMs difficult as a result. This paper first proposes a revivification‐based prediction model (ERP), which revives the execution based on statistical data from actual execution of PADS applications to predict the running time of PADS applications on different combinations of VMs. Then, an ERP‐based Allocation algorithm, namely, ERPA, is raised to optimize VMs allocation to minimize the running time of PADS applications in clouds. A series of experiments are conducted to compare the proposed ERPA with three resource allocation algorithms, ie, Gang‐scheduling‐based, Makespan‐based, and Max‐Min‐based algorithms, and the experimental results demonstrate the advantage of ERPA in improving execution efficiency of PADS applications in clouds. In particular, for communication‐sensitive PADS applications, the advantage of ERPA is more significant.
Experimental study of fire growth and ejected plume in a cross‐ventilation compartment under wind condition
Authors: Li Linjie , Gao Zihe , Ji Jie , Zhu Jiping , Wang Haobo , Zhou Dechuang
Published: March 2019

In this study, a set of reduced‐scale experiments were conducted to study the influence of external wind on the fire growth and ejected plume in a compartment with two openings. The approaching wind velocity was set as 1.5 and 3.0 m/s, respectively. The temperatures in the fire compartment were also measured by thermocouple matrixes. The images of the projected flames from the opening and the fuel mass loss rate were recorded by digital video and electronic balance, respectively. It is observed that the wind with velocity of 1.5 m/s can reduce the combustion severity by decreasing the ventilation in the fire room and enhance the duration time of combustion. On the contrary, the wind with velocity of 3 m/s can promote the combustion severity by increasing the ventilation in the fire room and reduce the duration time of combustion. The theoretical analysis shows how the external wind that coupled with the thermal buoyance influence the ventilation of the compartment, and a critical velocity or a dimensional number are suggested to predict the ventilation of the fire room, which is believed to influence the compartment fire behavior greatly.
Illusory own body perceptions mapped in the cingulate cortex—An intracranial stimulation study
Authors: Popa Irina , Barborica Andrei , Scholly Julia , Donos Cristian , Bartolomei Fabrice , Lagarde Stanislas , Hirsch Edouard , Valenti‐Hirsch Maria‐Paola , Maliia Mihai Dragos , Arbune Anca Adriana , Daneasa Andrei , Ciurea Jean , Bajenaru Ovidiu‐Alexandru , Mindruta Ioana
Published: March 2019

Body awareness is the result of sensory integration in the posterior parietal cortex; however, other brain structures are part of this process. Our goal is to determine how the cingulate cortex is involved in the representation of our body. We retrospectively selected patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy, explored by stereo‐electroencephalography, that had the cingulate cortex sampled outside the epileptogenic zone. The clinical effects of high‐frequency electrical stimulation were reviewed and only those sites that elicited changes related to body perception were included. Connectivity of the cingulate cortex and other cortical structures was assessed using the h2 coefficient, following a nonlinear regression analysis of the broadband EEG signal. Poststimulation changes in connectivity were compared between two sets of stimulations eliciting or not eliciting symptoms related to body awareness (interest and control groups). We included 17 stimulations from 12 patients that reported different types of body perception changes such as sensation of being pushed toward right/left/up, one limb becoming heavier/lighter, illusory sensation of movement, sensation of pressure, sensation of floating or detachment of one hemi‐body. High‐frequency stimulation in the cingulate cortex (1 anterior, 15 middle, 1 posterior part) elicits body perception changes, associated with a decreased connectivity of the dominant posterior insula and increased coupling between other structures, located particularly in the nondominant hemisphere.
Atmospheric circulation and ice volume changes for the small and medium glaciers of New Zealand's Southern Alps mountain range 1977–2018
Authors: Salinger Michael J. , Fitzharris Blair B. , Chinn Trevor
Published: March 2019

New Zealand has a long, continuous record of annual measurements of the altitude of end‐of‐summer‐snowline for a set of 50 Southern Alps “index glaciers.” The record begins for the 1976–1977 glacier year and continues to the present. These are equivalent to equilibrium line altitude (ELA) data. An earlier paper used these to estimate annual mass balance and ice volume for all glaciers up to 2008 and showed a steady decline in ice volume, but with considerable inter‐annual fluctuations. These results are updated to 2018 for the more than 3,000 small and medium‐size glaciers of the Southern Alps. The inclusion of the latter year enabled assessment of the impacts on ice volume of these glaciers from an unprecedented coupled ocean‐atmosphere heatwave in the New Zealand region during the austral summer (DJF) 2017/18. The main purpose of this paper is to examine how these changes in ice volume relate to variability and trends in atmospheric circulation and weather types over four decades. Years with ice volume gains are characterized by below average temperature anomalies, enhanced southwest flow and a tendency for trough weather types over New Zealand. Years with ice volume losses have above average temperature, reduced southwest flow, and increased blocking weather types, with more anticyclones east of New Zealand. Largest annual ice volume loss of 3.6 ± 0.6 km3 (−13.5%) occurred during the 2017/18 summer heatwave for which the main atmospheric anomalies are discussed. Total ice volume of the Southern Alps for the small and medium glaciers has decreased from 26.6 km3 in 1977 to 17.9 km3 in 2018 (a loss of 8.6 km3 or 33%) at a rate of 0.21 km3 a−1. From 1977 to 1997 there was an annual ice gain of +0.30 km3 a−1 but was followed by an accelerating ice loss of −0.67 km3 a−1 for the period 1998–2018. There are significant correlations between ice volume changes and the Trenberth regional circulation indices Z1, Z3 and MZ3. Strongest relationships are with the Southern Annular Mode: a trend towards more positive values coincides with a general loss of ice volume. The Inter‐decadal Pacific Oscillation and El Niño/Southern Oscillation relate to ice volume changes on decadal to inter‐annual time scales. Positive phases of the Inter‐decadal Pacific Oscillation and El Niño years favour ice volume growth as they are cooler, with more precipitation, troughs and southwest flow over New Zealand. Negative phases of the Inter‐decadal Pacific Oscillation and La Niña years favour ice volume loss as they are warmer with less precipitation, more anticyclones and east or northeast flow. The dominant driver for 2017/18 was the positive Southern Annular Mode, and a smaller contribution from La Niña on a background of regional warming. Climate scenarios suggest that such conditions will be rather frequent by the 2,080–2,100 decades, with consequent large reductions in ice volume.
Characterization of rhizosphere bacterial community and berry quality of Hutai No.8 (Vitis vinifera L.) with different ages, and their relations
Authors: Ji Wei , Han Kai , Cai Yinghui , Mu Yuanyuan , Zhao Liang , Zhang Min , Hou Chao , Gao Meiying , Zhao Qifeng
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Rhizosphere soil microbial communities play an important role in grapevine growth. However, the relationship of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community and berry quality of Hutai No.8 grape with different tree‐ages is unclear. In this work, the Biolog‐ECO technique was used to explore the functional diversity of the rhizosphere soil bacterial communities of Hutai No.8 grape with five ages (3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 years old). Meanwhile, grape berry quality indicators related to berry appearance, flavor and functional substance quality was also examined.

RESULTS

Principal component analysis of grape berry quality mainly separated 3‐year‐old (first bear fruit) and the other tree‐ages. In particular, peel weight and total soluble solid content of 3‐year‐old grape berry was significantly less than that of others. Furthermore, average well color development, species richness and Shannon's diversity index increased significantly with grapevine age. Moreover, the metabolic activities and functional diversity of soil microbial communities in using carbon sources were significantly increasing with grapevine age. Moreover, there were significant correlation between physicochemical indices of grape berry quality and six functional categories of carbon sources.

CONCLUSION

Tree‐ages could greatly affect the rhizosphere microbial community structure and richness, and then affect the grape berry quality. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
1‐year outcome after treatment of uterovaginal prolapse with a 6‐point fixation mesh
Authors: Brandt Andreas , Kuszka Andrzej , Niesel Achim , Lutz Henrik , Fünfgeld Christian , Mengel Mathias , Ulrich Daniela
Published: March 2019

Introduction

The aim of this study was to describe the safety and anatomical results of a surgical approach with a single‐incision 6‐point fixation vaginal mesh for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse at perioperatively and at 1‐year follow‐up.

Materials and Methods

This was a prospective observational study of patients who underwent operation receiving an InGYNious anterior transvaginal mesh. All patients with symptomatic stage II prolapse or higher were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were the unwillingness or inability to give written informed consent, neuromuscular disorders, malignant diseases, previous radiation in the pelvis, or chronic pain syndrome. Every patient completed a structured questionnaire and a full physical examination according to the IUGA‐ICS POP‐Q staging system before the operation and at 1‐year follow‐up.

Results

Two hundred fifty‐four patients (91%) were included in the study. The intraoperative complication rate was 7% with hemorrhage being the most common complication. Six patients (2.4%) had undergone reoperation for prolapse (four out of the six patients had reoperation in the posterior compartment) and were excluded from the objective outcome analysis. In the remaining 248 patients all POP‐Q measurements were significantly improved in the anterior and apical compartments. Similarly, urge urinary incontinence and voiding dysfunction improved significantly.

Conclusions

In this series, the objective outcome one year after the InGYNious mesh was good with low numbers of mesh‐related problems or reoperation for prolapse.
Investigation of urinary storage symptoms in Parkinson's disease utilizing structural MRI techniques
Authors: Roy Holly A. , Griffiths Derek J. , Aziz Tipu Z. , Green Alexander L. , Menke Ricarda A. L.
Published: March 2019

Background

Lower urinary tract symptoms occur in 27% to 86% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), however, the mechanisms responsible for bladder dysfunction are not fully understood. This study utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to test the hypothesis that key brainstem bladder control areas (including the pontine micturition center and the pontine continence center (PCC) and their links with the basal ganglia are important in the development of urinary storage symptoms in PD.

Methods

Seventeen patients with PD completed a “bladder symptom questionnaire” and underwent diffusion‐weighted MRI (1.5 T). Storage symptom severity and MRI measures of white matter microstructural integrity were correlated using tract‐based spatial statistics.

Results

Mean diffusivity in the ventral brainstem correlated significantly with the bladder symptom severity in areas close to the predicted anatomical co‐ordinates of the PCC. Tracts seeded from these regions passed via areas involved in pelvic floor musculature control and urinary voiding including the cerebellum, pallidum, and precentral gyrus.

Conclusion

We used diffusion‐weighted MRI to investigate the role of the brainstem and its structural connections in the development of urinary storage symptoms in PD. Our data suggest that the brainstem degenerative change in the vicinity of the PCC may be implicated in the pathogenesis of storage symptoms in these patients.
A model/solution‐adaptive explicit‐implicit time‐marching technique for wave propagation analysis
Authors: Soares Delfim
Published: March 2019

In this work, an explicit‐implicit time‐marching procedure with model/ solution‐adaptive time integration parameters is proposed for the analysis of hyperbolic models. The two time integrators of the methodology are locally evaluated, enabling their different spatial and temporal distributions. The first parameter defines the explicit/implicit subdomains of the model, and it is defined in a way that stability is always ensured, as well as period elongation errors are reduced; the second parameter controls the dissipative properties of the methodology, allowing spurious high‐frequency modes to be properly eliminated, rendering reduced amplitude decay errors. In addition, the proposed explicit‐implicit approach allows contracted systems of equations to be obtained, reducing the computational effort of the analysis. The main features of the novel methodology can be summarized as follows: (i) it is simple; (ii) it is locally defined; (iii) it has guaranteed stability; (iv) it is an efficient noniterative single‐step procedure; (v) it provides enhanced accuracy; (vi) it enables advanced controllable algorithmic dissipation in the higher modes; (vii) it considers a link between the temporal and the spatial discretization; (viii) it stands as a single‐solve framework based on reduced systems of equations; (ix) it is truly self‐starting; and (x) it is entirely automatic.
Health‐related quality of life in infants and children with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Lauby Clara , Boelle Pierre‐Yves , Abou Taam Rola , Bessaci Katia , Brouard Jacques , Dalphin Marie‐Laure , Delacourt Christophe , Delestrain Céline , Deschildre Antoine , Dubus Jean‐Christophe , Fayon Michaël , Giovannini‐Chami Lisa , Houdouin Véronique , Houzel Anne , Marguet Christophe , Pin Isabelle , Reix Philippe , Renoux Marie‐Catherine , Schweitzer Cyril , Tatopoulos Aurélie , Thumerelle Caroline , Troussier Françoise , Wanin Stéphanie , Weiss Laurence , Clement Annick , Epaud Ralph , Nathan Nadia
Published: March 2019

Introduction

Interstitial lung disease in children (chILD) is a highly heterogeneous group of rare and severe respiratory disorders. The disease by itself, the burden of the treatments (oxygen therapy, corticosteroid pulses, nutritional support) and recurrent hospitalizations may impair the quality of life (QoL) of these children. The aim of the study was to compare the health‐related QoL (HR‐QoL) in chILD compared to a healthy population and to find out the predictive factors of an altered QoL.

Methods

Patients aged 1 month to 18 years with ILD of known or unknown etiology were prospectively included. Parents and children over 8 years old were asked to fill the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scale ranging from 0 to 100 points.

Results

A total of 78 children were recruited in 13 French pediatric centers. Total scores were 11.94 points (P = 0.0003) less for child self‐report and 14.08 points (
P < 0.0001) less for parent proxy‐report with respect to the healthy population. The clinical factors associated with a lower total score were: extrapulmonary expression of the disease, higher Fan severity score, long‐term oxygen therapy, nutritional support, and a number of oral treatments.

Conclusion

Using a validated quality of life (QoL) scale, we showed that health‐related‐QoL is significantly impaired in chILD compared with a healthy population. Factors altering QoL score are easy to recognize and could help identify children at a heightened risk of low QoL.
Effect of a vertical half cylinder on swimming of silver carp,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix: Implications for microhabitat restoration and fishway design
Authors: Ke Senfan , Li Zhimin , Jiang Zewen , Goerig Elsa , Kynard Boyd , Liu Defu , Shi Xiaotao
Published: March 2019

In recent years, the relationship between hydraulics associated with the substrate and fish swimming behaviour has become increasingly important to the design of microhabitat around substrates for river restoration. To better understand the hydraulics associated with substrate on fish swimming, we studied the effects of a vertical half cylinder (hereafter, cylinder) on the critical swimming speed of juvenile silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Absolute and relative critical swimming speeds of fish in the flow field of the cylinder were significantly increased compared with those swimming in free flow. In addition, the amplitude of fish head and tail oscillations were significantly greater in flows created by the half cylinder. This study highlights the importance of roughness elements in stream microhabitat restoration and, possibly, for fishway design.
Comment on “Topical Delivery of Avastin to the Posterior Segment of the Eye In Vivo Using Annexin A5‐Associated Liposomes”: Topical Liposomal Bevacizumab Results in Negligible Retinal Concentrations
Authors: Urtti Arto
Published: March 2019

The previously published report suggests that liposomes, functionalized with annexin‐5, can deliver bevacizumab to the retina after topical administration as eyedrops. Topical delivery of bevacizumab would be an attractive alternative to the current treatment that involves monthly intravitreal injections to the eye. In this Comment, the retinal concentrations of topically applied liposomal bevacizumab are compared to the levels reached after intravitreal injections. The comparison reveals that the topical liposomal delivery results in retinal bevacizumab concentrations that are about 3–5 orders of magnitude below the lowest bevacizumab concentrations during clinical treatment with intravitreal injections. Major improvement is needed before topical bevacizumab delivery can be considered clinically feasible.
Fast two‐dimensional gas chromatography applied in the characterization of bio‐oil from the pyrolysis of coconut fibers
Authors: Schena Tiago , Farrapeira Rafael , Bjerk Thiago R. , Krause Laiza C. , von Mühlen Carin , Caramão Elina B.
Published: March 2019

The goal of this paper is the evaluation of fast two‐dimensional gas chromatography applied to bio‐oil samples. Bio‐oils are complex matrixes that usually are analyzed by conventional gas chromatography, involving long columns, long time of analysis due to slow heating rates, and consequently, high cost associated to time consumed. Fast gas chromatography techniques are based on the use of narrow capillary columns that allow the achievement high‐speed separations for complex samples, maintaining excellent resolution. Firstly, the two‐dimensional gas chromatography method was optimized varying the heating rate (10, 15 and 20°C min−1) and achieving the optimal separation at 15°C min−1. This method allies a good separation of bio‐oil constituents with shorter time analysis. The developed method and the traditional conventional two‐dimensional gas chromatography method (used in previous studies) were applied in the analysis of a mixture of 30 standard compounds. Despite coelutions of short retention time peaks (compounds with very similar physical‐chemical properties), the fast two‐dimensional gas chromatography method showed an increase in chromatographic signal and a noise reduction. Good results were also obtained in the real bio‐oil sample. Fast two‐dimensional gas chromatography maintained all the chromatographic information from conventional two‐dimensional gas chromatography, reducing drastically the total time of analysis.
Generalized Gibbs ensemble and the statistics of KdV charges in 2D CFT
Authors: Maloney Alexander , Ng Gim Seng , Ross Simon F. , Tsiares Ioannis
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Two-dimensional CFTs have an infinite set of commuting conserved charges, known as the quantum KdV charges. We study the Generalized Gibbs Ensemble with chemical potentials for these charges at high temperature. In a large central charge limit, the partition function can be computed in a saddle-point approximation. We compare the ensemble values of the KdV charges to the values in a microstate, and find that they match irrespective of the values of the chemical potentials. We study the partition function at finite central charge perturbatively in the chemical potentials, and find that this degeneracy is broken. We also study the statistics of the KdV charges at high level within a Virasoro representation, and find that they are sharply peaked.
Adolescent‐led marriage in Somaliland and Puntland: A surprising interaction of agency and social norms
Authors: Kenny Leah , Koshin Hamse , Sulaiman Munshi , Cislaghi Beniamino
Published: March 2019

Introduction

Child marriage, formal and informal unions when one or both spouses are under 18, disproportionately affects adolescent girls over boys. It has serious consequences for girls' health, wellbeing, and development. Little is known about the ways in which girls' agency and contextual social norms – unwritten rules of (un)acceptable behaviour in a group – intersect to affect child marriage practices. This paper investigates norms and agency as facilitators and obstacles to adolescent girls' marriage in Somaliland and Puntland.

Methods

Participants (n = 156) were men and women living in Somaliland and Puntland. We conducted 36 qualitative semi‐structured individual interviews (12 men and 24 women). We also held 15 focus group discussions (8 in Somaliland and 7 in Puntland) with 6–10 people each (n = 120). Mixed focus groups were conducted with men and women together, and were segregated by age.

Results

Technology and economic deprivation were important contextual factors in explaining the prevalence of child marriage. Participants reported that adolescent girls' and boys' increased agency contributed to, rather than decreased, child marriage. Access to technology expanded adolescents' freedom from their parents' control. Adolescents used that freedom within the existing system of social norms that rewarded early (as opposed to later) marriage.

Conclusions

Effective interventions that aim to reduce marriage among adolescents living in Somalia (where marriage can be a protective strategy) should integrate a social norms perspective to avoid increasing adolescent‐led marriage.
Screen‐based sedentary behaviors and internalizing symptoms across time among U.S. Hispanic adolescents
Authors: Perrino Tatiana , Brincks Ahnalee , Lee Tae Kyoung , Quintana Kiarabet , Prado Guillermo
Published: March 2019

Introduction

The pervasive use of technology has raised concerns about its association with adolescent mental health, including internalizing symptoms. Existing studies have not always had consistent findings. Longitudinal research with diverse subgroups is needed.

Methods

This study examines the relationship between screen‐based sedentary (SBS) behaviors and internalizing symptoms among 370 Hispanic adolescents living in Miami, Florida‐ United States, who were followed for 2 ½ years and assessed at baseline, 6, 18 and 30 months post‐baseline between the years 2010 and 2014. Approximately 48% were girls, and 44% were foreign‐born, most of these youth being from Cuba. Mean age at baseline was 13.4 years, while at the last time‐point it was 15.9 years.

Results

Findings show that girls had higher internalizing symptoms and different patterns of screen use compared to boys, including higher phone, email, and text use. SBS behaviors and internalizing symptoms cooccurred at each time‐point, and their trajectories were significantly related (r = 0.45, p < .001). Cross‐lagged panel analyses found that SBS behaviors were not associated with subsequent internalizing symptoms. Among girls, however, internalizing symptoms were associated with subsequent SBS behaviors during later adolescence, with internalizing symptoms at the 18‐month assessment (almost 15 years old) associated with subsequent SBS behaviors at the 30‐month assessment (almost 16 years old; β = 0.20, p < .01).

Conclusions

Continued research and monitoring of internalizing symptoms and screen use among adolescents is important, especially among girls. This includes assessments that capture quantity, context, and content of screen time.
Unofficial and Unconventional Social Studies Spaces for Students of Color
Authors: King LaGarrett J.
Published: March 2019

In the editor's notes, King explains students of color desire for social studies education that speaks to their humanity. He introduces the articles in this special issue and defines unofficial and unconventional social studies spaces. He also argues for a more complete social studies education that helps the field understand other places where social studies is performed.
Analysis of application of Six Sigma in refuelling process in Brazilian airline
Authors: Tucci H. N. P. , Oliveira Neto G. C.
Published: March 2019

Aircraft refuelling is a major cause of flight delays because it is a slow process. Further, if it does not begin as soon as the aircraft is available for ground handlers, there is an increasing risk of it being terminated after the final passenger has boarded. Usually, the process only begins after information regarding the required quantity of fuel is passed through the flight dispatcher, and this information typically requires a certain time to reach the ground handlers. Therefore, it is intended to test a new scenario: to begin refuelling with a minimum level and, if necessary, fill up the remainder with the final fuel figures when received. The aim of this paper is to analyse the application of Six Sigma in this process through Student’s t-test and statistical process control. The collected data in this case study include the amount of fuel supplied and flight delays (which are mainly caused by refuelling). The results demonstrate that the new process is favourable, and that the average length of flight delays is reduced from 14 to 6 min, which is an improvement of 57%. It is concluded that the application of Six Sigma in the aircraft refuelling process saves time and improves on-time performance levels, which is relevant to the scientific literature, thereby aiding in mitigating the risk of fines and penalties.
A pitch trimmer can cause a catastrophic structural failure in an aeroplane, but this is avoidable
Authors: Gratton G. B.
Published: March 2019

This paper investigates the potential of a lever-type pitch trimmer to cause an overstress in light and microlight aeroplanes. It concludes that this potential exists and could potentially cause a catastrophic structural failure – with the evidence from one reported fatal accident suggesting that this may have already happened. However, it is shown that this need not be the case, with restricted nose-up control authority, high manoeuvre stability and the use of a trim wheel (as opposed to a lever) with a restrictive rate of control input shown as three methods, most likely in combination, by which this potential can be removed. Suggestions are made for airworthiness standard wording which might be used to ensure adequate safety of future aircraft designs.
Classification of UAV and bird target in low-altitude airspace with surveillance radar data
Authors: Chen W. S. , Liu J. , Li J.
Published: March 2019

In order to ensure low-altitude safety, a tracking and recognition method of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and bird targets based on traditional surveillance radar data is proposed. First, several motion models for UAV and flying bird targets are established. Second, the target trajectories are filtered and smoothed with multiple motion models. Third, by calculating the time-domain variance of the model occurrence probability, the model conversion probability of the target is estimated, and then the target type is identified and classified. The effectiveness and robustness of the algorithm is demonstrated by several groups of Monte Carlo simulation experiments, including setting different recognition steps, different model transformation probability, filtering and smoothing algorithm comparison. The algorithm is also successfully applied on the ground-truth radar data collected by the low-altitude surveillance radar at airport and coastal environments, where the targets of UAVs and flying birds could be tracked and recognised.
DISAGREEMENT AND EASY BOOTSTRAPPING
Authors: Tal Eyal
Published: March 2019

Should conciliating with disagreeing peers be considered sufficient for reaching rational beliefs? Thomas Kelly argues that when taken this way, Conciliationism lets those who enter into a disagreement with an irrational belief reach a rational belief all too easily. Three kinds of responses defending Conciliationism are found in the literature. One response has it that conciliation is required only of agents who have a rational belief as they enter into a disagreement. This response yields a requirement that no one should follow. If the need to conciliate applies only to already rational agents, then an agent must conciliate only when her peer is the one irrational. A second response views conciliation as merely necessary for having a rational belief. This alone does little to address the central question of what is rational to believe when facing a disagreeing peer. Attempts to develop the response either reduce to the first response, or deem necessary an unnecessary doxastic revision, or imply that rational dilemmas obtain in cases where intuitively there are none. A third response tells us to weigh what our pre-disagreement evidence supports against the evidence from the disagreement itself. This invites epistemic akrasia.