bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macro- and Micro-physical Characteristics of Different Parts of Mixed Convective-stratiform Clouds and Differences in Their Responses to Seeding
Authors: Li Dejun , Zhao Chuanfeng , Li Peiren , Liu Cao , Gong Dianli , Liu Siyao , Yuan Zhengteng , Chen Yingying
Published: July 2022

This study investigates the cloud macro- and micro-physical characteristics in the convective and stratiform regions and their different responses to the seeding for mixed convective-stratiform clouds that occurred in Shandong province on 21 May 2018, based on the observations from the aircraft, the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite, and the high-resolution Himawari-8 (H8) satellite. The aircraft observations show that convection was deeper and radar echoes were significantly enhanced with higher tops in response to seeding in the convective region. This is linked with the conversion of supercooled liquid droplets to ice crystals with released latent heat, resulting in strengthened updrafts, enhanced radar echoes, higher cloud tops, and more and larger precipitation particles. In contrast, in the stratiform cloud region, after the Silver Iodide (AgI) seeding, the radar echoes become significantly weaker at heights close to the seeding layer, with the echo tops lowered by 1.4–1.7 km. In addition, a hollow structure appears at the height of 6.2–7.8 km with a depth of about 1.6 km and a diameter of about 5.5 km, and features such as icing seeding tracks appear. These suggest that the transformation between droplets and ice particles was accelerated by the seeding in the stratiform part. The NPP and H8 satellites also show that convective activity was stronger in the convective region after seeding; while in the stratiform region, a cloud seeding track with a width of 1–3 km appears 10 km downstream of the seeding layer 15 minutes after the AgI seeding, which moves along the wind direction as width increases.
Double-blind controlled dietary cross-over intervention with differentially fertilised intact lettuce leaves shows acute reduction in blood pressure in young adults, associated with faster uptake of nitrate than of phenolics
Authors: Qadir Othman K. , Seal Chris J. , Ashor Ammar W. , Tassotti Michele , Mena Pedro , Del Rio Daniele , Siervo Mario , Brandt Kirsten
Published: July 2022

Purpose

To compare acute effects on blood pressure (BP) of ingestion of visually similar lettuce with controlled high and low content of either nitrate or phenolic compounds.

Methods

In a randomised cross-over design, 19 healthy participants (22–31 years) received 50 g of lettuce containing either 530 mg (8.4 mmol) nitrate + 11 mg (0.03 mmol) phenolic compounds (HNLP); or 3 mg nitrate (0.05 mmol) + 77 mg (0.2 mmol) phenolic compounds (LNHP), obtained by differential fertilisation. Ambulatory BP was recorded along with plasma, salivary and urinary nitrate and nitrite and plasma concentrations of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), phenolic metabolites, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP).

Results

Compared with LNHP, 3 h post ingestion of HNLP, plasma nitrate increased 0.31 ± (95%CI) 0.12 mM (+ 240%), and salivary nitrate 5.5 ± 1.4 mM (+ 910%); accumulated urinary nitrate excretion increased 188 ± 72 mg (+ 296%) (all P < 0.001). Systolic BP was reduced 4.9 ± 4.2 mmHg (P = 0.031) between 3 and 6 h after ingestion of HNLP compared with LNHP; systolic BP differences were negatively correlated (P = 0.004) with differences in saliva nitrate concentrations. LNHP increased plasma phenolics at 6 h, predominantly 3ʹ-methoxycinnamic acid-4ʹ-glucuronide (ferulic acid-4ʹ-glucuronide), 116%, 204 ± 138 nM more than HNLP (P = 0.001); increased cGMP 14% (P = 0.019); and reduced FRAP 3.1% (P = 0.009).

Conclusion

The acute BP difference within 6 h of consumption matched the plasma/saliva nitrate peak, not the slower changes of plasma phenolics. This is the first double-blind controlled dietary intervention demonstrating differential effects on human physiology by consumption of an intact plant food, where compositional differences were obtained by controlling growing conditions, indicating potential opportunities for health claims relating to precision/vertical farming.

Clinical trial registration

The trial was retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, with identifier NCT02701959, on March 8, 2016.
Epidemiological and clinicopathological analysis of basal cell carcinoma in Egyptian population: a 5-year retrospective multicenter study
Authors: El-Khalawany Mohamed , Hassab-El-Naby Hussein M. M. , Mousa Ahmed Mustafa , Sameh Ahmed , Rageh Mahmoud A. , Genedy Rasha Mahmoud , Hosny Aya Magdy , Aboelmagd Marwa A. , Aboeldahab Soha
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most diagnosed type of cancer accounting for 80% of all keratinocyte malignancies. However, the exact demographic properties and clinicopathological criteria for BCC in Egyptians are not clearly reported. Our aim is to report and analyze the epidemiological and clinicopathological features of BCC in Egyptians.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records for patients diagnosed pathologically with BCC during the period from January 2017 to December 2021. Data were recruited from four dermatology centers with different geographical distributions.

Results

We registered 544 patients. Their age ranged between 22–91 years with a mean of 61.6 ± 13.2 years. Females showed younger age of onset. The mean duration of the tumor was 3.9 ± 3.8 years. The most common involved region was the head (79.4%), and about one third of patients (32.2%) had a giant lesion (> 5 cm). The most common clinical presentation was ulcerative lesions (44.9%). Pathologically, the nodular type represented the most common variant (50.4%).

Conclusion

Our results proposed that the annual incidence of BCC is increasing among Egyptians. Ultraviolet radiation is considered a high-risk factor of BCC leading to a higher affection of the head region and more prevalence in men. This study also highlights some criteria of BCC in Egyptians such as the long duration of the tumor, the early onset in females, the higher percentage of giant types, and the predominance of nodular type. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the characteristic features of BCC among Egyptians.
Light and prey influence the abundances of two rhodopsins in the dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina
Authors: Westermann Martin , Hoischen Christian , Wöhlbrand Lars , Rabus Ralf , Rhiel Erhard
Published: July 2022

Antisera were raised against the C-terminal amino acid sequences of the two rhodopsins ADY17806 and AEA49880 of Oxyrrhis marina. The antisera and affinity-purified antibodies thereof were used in western immunoblotting experiments of total cell protein fractions from cultures grown either in darkness or in white, red, green, or blue light. Furthermore, the rhodopsin abundances were profiled in cultures fed with yeast or the prasinophyte Pyramimonas grossii. The immunosignals of ADY17806 and AEA49880 were similar when O. marina was grown in white, green, or blue light. Signal intensities were lower under conditions of red light and lowest in darkness. Higher amounts were registered for both rhodopsins when O. marina was fed with yeast compared to P. grossii. Furthermore, total cell protein of cultures of O. marina grown under all cultivation conditions was separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by tryptic in-gel digestion and mass spectrometric analysis of the 25-kDa protein bands. The rhodopsin ADY17809 was detected in all samples of the light quality experiments and in 14 of the 16 samples of the prey quality experiments. The rhodopsin ABV22427 was not detected in one sample of the light quality experiments. It was detected in 15 of the 16 samples of the prey quality experiments. Peptide fragments of the other rhodopsins were detected less often, and no clear distribution pattern was evident with respect to the applied light quality or offered prey, indicating that none of them was exclusively formed under a distinct light regime or when feeding on yeast or the prasinophyte. Fluorescence light microscopy using the affinity-purified antibodies revealed significant labeling of the cell periphery and cell internal structures, which resembled vacuoles, tiny vesicles, and rather compact structures. Immunolabeling electron microscopy strengthened these results and showed that the cytoplasmic membrane, putative lysosome membranes, membranes encircling the food vacuole, and birefringent bodies became labeled.
Use of belimumab in real-world in Spain: a scoping review about characteristics of SLE patients
Authors: Escalera Carlos Rodríguez , Guisado Ángela María Zurita , Mateo Francisco Javier , Bahamontes-Rosa Noemí , Villanueva María Jesús García
Published: July 2022

Background

Belimumab was the first biological drug approved for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). There is not a review focusing on all real-life experience with belimumab to date that could help to describe how this drug behaves in the Spanish clinical setting.

Objective

To describe the characteristics of SLE patients treated with belimumab added to standard of care in real-clinical setting in Spain.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive scoping review of real-world data (RWD) according to PRISMA Scoping Reviews Checklist and the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. PubMed and EMBASE were searched without language restriction and hand searches of relevant articles were examined.

Results

We included data from 222 patients treated with belimumab for SLE included in 19 RWD studies conducted in Spain. The mean age was 40.9 years, 84.2% were female, and baseline scores SELENA-SLEDAI ranged between 5.9 and 12. Lupus nephritis basal prevalence was of 2.7%. The main reason for belimumab initiation was previous treatments lack of efficacy (69.7%) and the most common laboratory abnormalities were hypocomplementemia (40.9%), ANA + (34.2%), and anti-DNA (33.3%). The addition of belimumab to standard therapy was associated with a reduction of daily glucocorticoids intake in 1.4–11.1 mg at 6 months. Belimumab discontinuation was observed in 18.6% of patients.

Conclusion

Our study helps to further explore the profile of SLE patients most likely to be treated with belimumab.

Key Points• Scientific evidence in SLE provided by randomized controlled trials sometimes differs from the actual treatment of SLE patients in routine clinical practice.• There is a lack of published “real-world” data on SLE treatment with belimumab in Spain.• This scoping review intends to describe and analyze the clinical characteristics of SLE patients receiving belimumab in a real-life setting in Spain.• These “real-world” clinical experience can provide a more realistic view of the overall patterns of SLE care compared with clinical trials.
Anti-Ro52/TRIM21 serological subsets identify differential clinical and laboratory parameters
Authors: Lee Adrian Y. S. , Lin Ming-Wei , Reed Joanne H.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Anti-Ro52/tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21) IgG is one of the most common autoantibodies found in systemic autoimmune diseases and is typically found in conjunction with anti-Ro60 and/or anti-La. A retrospective, cross-sectional study was undertaken to examine the clinical and laboratory features of two serological subsets: patients with anti-Ro52/TRIM21 autoantibodies in the absence of anti-Ro60 and anti-La (isolated anti-Ro52/TRIM21) and patients with anti-Ro52/TRIM21 in the presence of anti-Ro60 and/or anti-La.

Methods

Over a 12-month period, patients tested positive for anti-Ro52/TRIM21 via line immunoassay (LIA) at the Westmead Hospital (Australia) immunopathology laboratory were included. The presence of anti-Ro60 and/or anti-La via same LIA was noted. Associated laboratory and medical records were perused to extract demographic, laboratory, and clinical information.

Results

There were 346 patients within the study period, and 39.9% of the patients positive for anti-Ro52/TRIM21 lacked anti-Ro60/anti-La autoantibodies. Isolated anti-Ro52/TRIM21 patients tend to be older, have lower anti-Ro52/TRIM21 titres, have lower rheumatoid factors, and have lower proportions of neutropaenia compared to patients who were positive for anti-Ro52/TRIM21 and anti-Ro60/La. This occurred independent to diagnoses of Sjögren’s syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus. Coexisting neurological syndromes, pulmonary pathologies, and malignancies were more prevalent in the isolated anti-Ro52/TRIM21 subset.

Conclusions

Patients with isolated anti-Ro52/TRIM21 tend to have distinct and important clinical and laboratory associations. It is unclear if these patients evolve or remain a stable subset and how they originate immunologically. Longitudinal and prospective studies are required to ascertain the overall predictive and prognostic value of this stratification.Key Points• Anti-Ro52/TRIM21 is an autoantibody found in autoimmunity and non-immunological conditions.• Sixty percent of anti-Ro52/TRIM21 patients are positive for anti-Ro60.• Isolated anti-Ro52/TRIM21 has reduced anti-Ro52/TRIM21 and rheumatoid factor titres.• Isolated anti-Ro52/TRIM21 is associated with anaemia and malignancies.
Prevalence of pathogenic germline variants in the circulating tumor DNA testing
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Fukuyama Keita , Kanai Masashi , Kondo Tomohiro , Yoshioka Masahiro , Kou Tadayuki , Quy Pham Nguyen , Kimura-Tsuchiya Reiko , Yamada Takahiro , Matsumoto Shigemi , Kosugi Shinji , Muto Manabu
Published: July 2022

Background

Somatic and germline variants are not distinguishable by circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing without analyzing non-tumor samples. Although confirmatory germline testing is clinically relevant, the criteria for selecting presumed germline variants have not been established in ctDNA testing. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of pathogenic germline variants in clinical ctDNA testing through their variant allele fractions (VAFs).

Methods

A total of consecutive 106 patients with advanced solid tumors who underwent ctDNA testing (Guardant360®) between January 2018 and March 2020 were eligible for this study. To verify the origin of pathogenic variants reported in ctDNA testing, germline sequencing was performed using peripheral blood DNA samples archived in the Clinical Bioresource Center in Kyoto University Hospital (Kyoto, Japan) under clinical research settings.

Results

Among 223 pathogenic variants reported in ctDNA testing, the median VAF was 0.9% (0.02–81.8%), and 88 variants with ≥ 1% VAFs were analyzed in germline sequencing. Among 25 variants with ≥ 30% VAFs, seven were found in peripheral blood DNA (BRCA2: n = 6, JAK2: n = 1). In contrast, among the 63 variants with VAFs ranging from 1 to < 30%, only one variant was found in peripheral blood DNA (TP53: n = 1). Eventually, this variant with 15.6% VAF was defined to be an acquired variant, because its allelic distribution did not completely link to those of neighboring germline polymorphisms.

Conclusion

Our current study demonstrated that VAFs values are helpful for selecting presumed germline variants in clinical ctDNA testing.
Does a roosting flock of migratory birds also echelon in high winds?
Authors: Bhardwaj Anshuman , Sam Lydia
Published: July 2022

The organized aerial manoeuvres of birds in “V” and “J” flock echelons have always captivated onlookers and several of these aspects are still a matter of ongoing research. However, we could not find any published evidence or report on echeloning in a roosting flock of birds in high wind conditions. Here, we provide first evidence of an echelon in a roosting flock of the Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus ostralegus) at the onset of Storm Malik in Scotland on the morning of the 29th of January 2022, under ~ 11 ms−1 winds. This observation opens-up several new research questions on if, how, and why birds position themselves in a flock while roosting in high winds.
Kleine Welt: Wenn Deutschland nur mit Demokratien handelt
Authors: Menkhoff Lukas
Published: July 2022

Die vergangenen Jahre haben die Kehrseite des deutschen Exportmodells verdeutlicht, die Abhängigkeit Deutschlands von seinen Handelspartnern. Besonders schmerzhaft ist dies gegenwärtig gegenüber Russland und potenziell gegenüber China. Insofern scheint es naheliegend, den deutschen Außenhandel auf demokratische Länder zu konzentrieren. Doch gleichgültig welchen Maßstab man wählt, die demokratische Welt ist klein und ihr Gewicht nimmt auch nicht zu. Zudem sind die weniger demokratischen Länder tendenziell ärmer, sodass der Handel eine spezifische Struktur aufweist. Es dominiert der Import von Rohstoffen, die in Deutschland und Europa kaum verfügbar sind. Entsprechend hoch wären die ökonomischen Kosten solch einer Selbstbeschränkung.
Besteuerung thesaurierter Unternehmensgewinne und Einkünfte aus Kapitalvermögen
Authors: Rose Manfred
Published: July 2022

Aus Gründen der ökonomischen Effizienz sollte eine progressive Besteuerung des Einkommens erst dann zur Anwendung kommen, wenn dieses für den privaten Konsum oder andere private Zwecke (z. B. Schenkungen) verwendet werden soll. Unter Effizienzaspekten, d. h. zur Gewährleistung der steuerlichen Einmalbelastung in lebenszeitlicher Sicht wäre es optimal, dass gesparte Einkommensteile bis zu ihrer Verwendung für Privatausgaben steuerfrei blieben. Fiskalische Notwendigkeiten, verteilungspolitische Restriktionen wie auch Akzeptanzgründe lassen eine solche temporäre Steuerfreiheit in unserer Gesellschaft mit Ausnahme der nachgelagert zu versteuernden Renten allerdings noch nicht zu. Mit der 2008 eingeführten ermäßigten Besteuerung thesaurierter Gewinne von Personenunternehmen verfolgte der Gesetzgeber jedoch in erster Linie eine auf Rechtsformneutralität ausgerichtete Abstimmung der betreffenden Einkommensbesteuerung mit der Körperschaftsteuerpflicht bei Kapitalgesellschaften. Dieses hinsichtlich Ziel und Ausgestaltung missglückte Reformkonzept ist grundlegend neu zu gestalten.
Geldpolitik und Klimawandel
Authors: Kaldorf Matthias , Krause Michael , Radke Lucas , Wicknig Florian
Published: July 2022

Der Klimawandel wird einen tiefgreifenden Einfluss sowohl auf die europäische als auch die globale Wirtschaft haben. Bei der Frage nach dem Handlungsbedarf für Zentralbanken wie die EZB ist unstrittig, dass Zentralbanken notwendige Schritte zu Sicherstellung von Preis- und Finanzstabilität im Rahmen ihres Mandats unternehmen müssen, die sich aus dem Klimawandel ergeben. Einige Beobachtende fordern aber weitreichendere Maßnahmen, die ebenso den Übergang zu einer emissionsarmen Wirtschaft auf finanzieller Ebene stützen. Selbst wenn man die Debatte um das Primärmandat einer Zentralbank ausblendet, zeigt die bisherige akademische Forschung, dass der Einsatz geldpolitischer Instrumente, um den Klimawandel zu beeinflussen, teils erhebliche unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen zur Folge haben kann und dabei verglichen mit fiskalischen Maßnahmen deutlich weniger wirksam ist.
Politikberatung zwischen Ambition und Wirklichkeit
Authors: Steinbach Armin
Published: July 2022

Evidence-based policy remains an unfulfilled ambition given political constraints. On one hand, academic policy advice is widely acknowledged as indispensable, with policymakers stressing the relevance of external policy advice for policy formulation. On other hand, the impact of policy advice remains limited for a variety of reasons. This contribution discusses the variable conditions under which policy advise can be effective, notably its function to compensate for a lack of expertise, lack of resources in ministries and parliament as well as the degree of politicisation of a given policy field.
Demand for forest ecosystem services: a comparison study in selected areas in the Czech Republic and China
Authors: Hochmalová Miroslava , Purwestri Ratna Chrismiari , Yongfeng Jian , Jarský Vilém , Riedl Marcel , Yuanyong Dian , Hájek Miroslav
Published: July 2022

Ecosystem services are investigated from many perspectives, but there are very few studies comparing the perception of forest and demand for forest ecosystem services (FES) in a cross-cultural analysis. This study aims to map the demand for FES and find out the forest perception of forest visitors in both Czech and Chinese societies. Data were collected by structured questionnaire among three different groups of respondents (n = 847) in six forest areas. The questions were focused on the demand for FES, expectations from the forest, preference for the visual form of the forest, and the willingness of forest visitors. Analysis demonstrates that the demand for some FES is related to geographical and cultural conditions. The results indicated that provisioning and regulation services are perceived as more important than cultural services. The differences by country were obvious in the cultural and provisioning services: Chinese demand more relaxing and meditation activities, whereas Czech demand mushroom picking. A significant outcome is a high demand of Chinese respondents for recreational facilities. Tree planting was rated as one of the most popular voluntary activity across the whole sample. Meanwhile, some findings point to an increasing pressure on forest ecosystems and their protection, which emerge due to the strong demand for recreational facilities. According to the findings, active involvement of forest visitors in various activities is recommended so that their appreciation of FES will constantly increase and to take into account the profile of visitors and incorporate them in forest management and planning in order to meet societal demand.
Soybean Oil Epoxidation Catalyzed by a Functionalized Metal–Organic Framework with Active Dioxo-Molybdenum (VI) Centers
Authors: Martínez R. Diana C. , Trujillo Carlos A. , Carriazo Jose G. , Castellanos Nelson J.
Published: July 2022

In this work, a functionalized gallium metal–organic framework with active dioxo-molybdenum (VI) centers was evaluated as a catalyst in the epoxidation of soybean oil using tert-butyl-hydroperoxide as an oxidizing agent. The influence of the reaction time, temperature, and concentration of the oxidizing agent was studied, and it was demonstrated that the highest epoxide selectivity was obtained at 110 °C after 4 h of reaction (29% conversion and 91% selectivity) using a soybean oil/oxidizing agent ratio of 1/2. The stability of the metal–organic framework was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy EDS. The stability tests demonstrated that the catalyst could be reused in the catalytic process for the recovery of vegetable oils.

Graphical Abstract
A Longitudinal Study of Maternal Postnatal Bonding and Psychosocial Factors that Contribute to Social-Emotional Development
Authors: Rusanen E. , Lahikainen A. R. , Vierikko E. , Pölkki P. , Paavonen E. J.
Published: July 2022

In this longitudinal study, we examined how maternal bonding and psycho-social factors are associated with social-emotional problems in two-year-old children. Our data came from a birth cohort from which data were collected at four timepoints: prenatally during the third trimester, and postnatally at 3, 8 and 24 months. The participants were 1,667 mothers, of which 943 (56.6%) returned the questionnaire at each timepoint of the longitudinal study. The Children’s social-emotional problems were examined using the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment. According to linear regression analysis, maternal bonding difficulties at three and eight months, maternal expectations of the unborn baby during pregnancy, and maternal relationships within and outside the family were related to social-emotional problems in children of two years of age. The results highlight the importance of screening mothers who already prenatally have bonding problems or mothers who have bonding problems postnatally to provide effective and targeted intervention support.
Academic dishonesty when doing homework: How digital technologies are put to bad use in secondary schools
Authors: Désiron Juliette C. , Petko Dominik
Published: July 2022

The growth in digital technologies in recent decades has offered many opportunities to support students’ learning and homework completion. However, it has also contributed to expanding the field of possibilities concerning homework avoidance. Although studies have investigated the factors of academic dishonesty, the focus has often been on college students and formal assessments. The present study aimed to determine what predicts homework avoidance using digital resources and whether engaging in these practices is another predictor of test performance. To address these questions, we analyzed data from the Program for International Student Assessment 2018 survey, which contained additional questionnaires addressing this issue, for the Swiss students. The results showed that about half of the students engaged in one kind or another of digitally-supported practices for homework avoidance at least once or twice a week. Students who were more likely to use digital resources to engage in dishonest practices were males who did not put much effort into their homework and were enrolled in non-higher education-oriented school programs. Further, we found that digitally-supported homework avoidance was a significant negative predictor of test performance when considering information and communication technology predictors. Thus, the present study not only expands the knowledge regarding the predictors of academic dishonesty with digital resources, but also confirms the negative impact of such practices on learning.
Insight into the mechanism of molecular recognition between human Integrin-Linked Kinase and Cpd22 and its implication at atomic level
Authors: García-Marín Javier , Rodríguez-Puyol Diego , Vaquero Juan J.
Published: July 2022

Absract

Pseudokinases have received increasing attention over the past decade because of their role in different physiological phenomena. Although pseudokinases lack several active-site residues, thereby hindering their catalytic activity, recent discoveries have shown that these proteins can play a role in intracellular signaling thanks to their non-catalytic functions. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) was discovered more than two decades ago and was subsequently validated as a promising target for neoplastic diseases. Since then, only a few small-molecule inhibitors have been described, with the V-shaped pyrazole Cpd22 being the most interesting and characterized. However, little is known about its detailed mechanism of action at atomic level. In this study, using a combination of computational chemistry methods including PELE calculations, docking, molecular dynamics and experimental surface plasmon resonance, we were able to prove the direct binding of this molecule to ILK, thus providing the basis of its molecular recognition by the protein and the effect over its architecture. Our breakthroughs show that Cpd22 binding stabilizes the ILK domain by binding to the pseudo-active site in a similar way to the ATP, possibly modulating its scaffolding properties as pseudokinase. Moreover, our results explain the experimental observations obtained during Cpd22 development, thus paving the way to the development of new chemical probes and potential drugs.

Graphical abstract
Phylogenetic Distribution and Trajectories of Visual Consciousness: Examining Feinberg and Mallatt’s Neurobiological Naturalism
Authors: Ota Koji , Suzuki Daichi G. , Tanaka Senji
Published: July 2022

Feinberg and Mallatt, in their presentation of neurobiological naturalism, have suggested that visual consciousness was acquired by early vertebrates and inherited by a wide range of descendants, and that its neural basis has shifted to nonhomologous nervous structures during evolution. However, their evolutionary scenario of visual consciousness relies on the assumption that visual consciousness is closely linked with survival, which is not commonly accepted in current consciousness research. We suggest an alternative idea that visual consciousness is linked to a specific class of agency, consequently justifying their phylogenetic claim. We also examine the implication of their phylogenetic claim: visual consciousness is homologous across vertebrates, but its neural basis is not. This apparent incongruence illustrates a general phenomenon of homology, and that the resulting hierarchical view of visual consciousness and its neural basis can be straightforwardly accommodated by neurobiological naturalism. Throughout these discussions, we aim to address the potential theoretical issues in neurobiological naturalism and refine the picture illustrated by Feinberg and Mallatt regarding phylogenetic distribution and trajectories of visual consciousness.
Perceived Red Tape and Precursors of Turnover: the Roles of Work Engagement and Career Adaptability
Authors: Jiang Zhou , Newman Alexander , Schwarz Gary , Le Huong
Published: July 2022

Drawing on job demands-resources theory, we propose that perceived red tape, as a hindrance job demand, triggers attitudinal and behavioral precursors of turnover in employees (turnover intentions and job search behaviors) by reducing their work engagement. In addition, we hypothesize that career adaptability, as a personal resource, buffers the detrimental effects of perceived red tape. In Study 1, three-wave data collected from employees (N = 202) working in Tanzanian public sector organizations supports the finding that work engagement mediates the effect of red tape on turnover intentions. Study 2 confirms this mediation, using data (N = 405) collected at three time points from a Chinese private organization, further verifying the mediating role of work engagement in the effect of red tape on job search behaviors. Supporting the moderating role of career adaptability, Study 2 also found that career adaptability attenuated the influence of red tape on work engagement and, subsequently, on turnover intentions and job search behaviors. Our article theoretically and empirically contributes to the understanding of how and when perceived red tape in organizations leads employees to consider leaving and prepare to leave.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Iodobismuthates Containing N-substituted 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Authors: Cai Yunhe , Chippindale Ann M. , Vaqueiro Paz
Published: July 2022

Two new hybrid iodobismuthates, [C8H17N2][C10H22N2][BiI6] (1) and [C6H12N2]0.5[C10H22N2]3.5[Bi2I10][Bi2I9] (2), have been prepared by solvothermal synthesis in the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) and ethanol. Both compounds have been characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, infrared and UV–Vis spectroscopies and thermogravimetric analysis. Structure determination reveals that the crystal structure of 1 contains mononuclear [BiI6]3− anions, whilst 2 contains an unusual combination of dinuclear anions, [Bi2I9]3− and [Bi2I10]4−, consisting of two edge- and two face-sharing [BiI6]3− octahedra, respectively. Mono- and diethylated derivatives of DABCO, which are formed in situ under solvothermal conditions, act as countercations and are located between the discrete anions. The optical band gaps of 1 and 2, which are 2.29(1) and 2.03(2) eV respectively, are consistent with the red color of these compounds, and are comparable to the band gaps measured for other iodobismuthates containing discrete anions.

Graphical Abstract

Two new iodobismuthates, [C8H17N2][C10H22N2][BiI6] (1) and [C6H12N2]0.5[C10H22N2]3.5[Bi2I10][Bi2I9] (2), have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions, and their crystal structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
The Effect of Relative Income Concerns on Life Satisfaction: Relative Deprivation and Loss Aversion
Authors: Leites Martín , Ramos Xavier
Published: July 2022

Income comparisons are important for individual well-being. We examine the shape of the relationship between relative income and life satisfaction, and test empirically if the features of the value function of prospect theory carry over to experienced utility. We draw on a unique panel dataset for a middle-income country that allows us to work with an endogenous reference income, which differs for individuals with the same observable characteristics depending on the perception error about their relative position in the distribution. We find the value function for experienced utility to be concave for both positive and, at odds with prospect theory, also negative relative income. Loss aversion holds only for incomes that are sufficiently distant from the reference income. Our heterogeneity analysis shows that the slope of the value function is contingent on people’s personality, social beliefs, and how much they care about income comparisons.
Weak Versus Strong Wall Boundary Conditions for the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations
Authors: Eriksson Gustav , Mattsson Ken
Published: July 2022

The pressure-velocity formulation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is solved using high-order finite difference operators satisfying a summation-by-parts property. Two methods for imposing Dirichlet boundary conditions (one strong and one weak) are presented and proven stable using the energy method. Additionally, novel diagonal-norm second-derivative finite difference operators are derived with highly improved boundary accuracy. Accuracy and convergence measurements are presented and verified against theoretical expectations. Numerical experiments also show that subtle effects close to solid walls are more efficiently captured with strong boundary condition imposition methods rather than weak (less degrees of freedom required).
Adolescent Soccer Athletes’ Irrational Beliefs About Basic Psychological Needs are Related to Their Emotional Intelligence and Mental Health
Authors: Devey Alexander , Turner Martin J. , Artiran Murat , Hobson Jennifer
Published: July 2022

There has been a scarcity of research regarding the unique mental health risk factors that adolescent athletes face. The recently proposed Rational Emotive Self Determination Scale for Adolescents (RESD-A) has been suggested to understand some of the antecedent and associative factors of adolescent athlete mental health. The principal aim of this study is to examine the structural and criterion validity of the RESD-A in an athlete sample for the first time. To achieve this aim, two hundred and forty-two club level soccer athletes participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test the validity of the RESD-A’s factor structure. Partial correlation analyses with the subscales of RESD-A, emotional intelligence, and mental health scores were used to examine criterion validity. Initial results for the structural and criterion validity of the RESD-A with an athlete population are promising. The potential importance, limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Application of eye-tracking systems integrated into immersive virtual reality and possible transfer to the sports sector - A systematic review
Authors: Pastel Stefan , Marlok Josua , Bandow Nicole , Witte Kerstin
Published: July 2022

In recent years, Virtual Reality (VR) has become a valuable tool in rehabilitation and sports training applications. New technologies offer opportunities to combine various systems and use them for sports-related scientific purposes. For instance, examining the visual perception of athletes within a standardized environment could be helpful to understand the differences between novices and experts in their visual behavior and could further reveal possible training applications for enhancing athletes’ visual attention. The current systematic literature review thematizes the importance of eye-tracking (ET) systems’ usage integrated into head-mounted displays (HMDs) in virtual environments for further inclusion in sports-related usage. An overview of possible implementations is given, and additional recommendations for using the combined technic regarding sports are made. Although only one study examined gaze behavior during sports activity within a standardized virtual environment, 38 relevant papers were identified using the ET systems integrated into the HMDs, which ideas can be transferred to the sports sector. The increased usability and fidelity in the virtual environment enabled through the combined technology were illustrated, and different approaches were listed in using and calculating gaze parameters. This literature review examines the possibility of integrating ET in VR, which can be further used to improve usability, interaction methods, image presentation, and visual perception analyses within future physical training scenarios. The compiled studies have shown that the existing methods are feasible due to the performance of the integrated ET systems but still need to be improved for practical use.
Must Introductory Genetics Start with Mendel?
Authors: Bapty Hannah
Published: July 2022

It is 157 years since Mendel presented his results on hybridisation in peas to the Brünn Society for Natural Science. The discipline of genetics has dramatically changed since then, with technological advancements revealing multifactorial causation and trait variability. Whilst none of this complexity featured in the discovery of classical genetics, Mendel and his peas still dominate teaching today. Must genetics always start from such a simplistic, determinist perspective? A number of recent studies (e.g. Donovan, 2021; Dougherty, 2010; Jamieson & Radick, 2013) have made the case for emphasising the complexity of genetics from the beginning. In this study, I will examine the origins and fate of two earlier attempts at reform, from the 1970s and 1980s. One was from Steven Rose, a biochemist in London and founder of the British Society for Social Responsibility in Science, who developed a genetics course for distance teaching at the Open University. The other was from Garland Allen, a historian of science and influential writer of biology textbooks, including four editions of Study of Biology. Both tried to depart from the standard start-with-Mendel script, in ways that aimed to help students better appreciate not only the complexities of genetics but also embedding genetics—and genetic knowledge—in society. Both met significant resistance, with concerns varying from the creation of unrealistic demands on students to the time and cost of making large-scale changes to textbooks. In closing, I will suggest that the experiences of Rose and Allen hold valuable lessons for reformers of the genetics curriculum today.
Integration of Philosophy of Science in Biomedical Data Science Education to Foster Better Scientific Practice
Authors: Pieterman-Bos Annelies , van Mil Marc H. W.
Published: July 2022

Biomedical data science education faces the challenge of preparing students for conducting rigorous research with increasingly complex and large datasets. At the same time, philosophers of science face the challenge of making their expertise accessible for scientists in such a way that it can improve everyday research practice. Here, we investigate the possibility of approaching these challenges together. In current and proposed approaches to biomedical data science education, we identify a dominant focus on only one aspect of conducting scientific research: understanding and using data, research methods, and statistical methods. We argue that this approach cannot solve biomedical data science’s challenge and we propose to shift the focus to four other aspects of conducting research: making and justifying decisions in research design and implementation, explaining their epistemic and non-epistemic effects, balancing varying responsibilities, and reporting scientific research. Attending to these aspects requires learning on different dimensions than solely learning to apply techniques (first dimension). It also requires learning to make choices (second dimension) and to understand the rationale behind choices (third dimension). This could be fostered by integrating philosophical training in biomedical data science education. Furthermore, philosophical training fosters a fourth dimension of learning, namely, understanding the nature of science. In this article, we explain how we identified the five aspects of conducting research and the four dimensions of learning, and why attending to the fourth dimension is essential. We discuss educational approaches to attend to all aspects and dimensions, and present initial design principles to implement these approaches.
Scrum for safety: an agile methodology for safety-critical software systems
Authors: Barbareschi Mario , Barone Salvatore , Carbone Riccardo , Casola Valentina
Published: July 2022

In the last years, agile methodologies are gaining substantial momentum, becoming increasingly popular in a broad plethora of industrial contexts. Unfortunately, many obstacles have been met while pursuing adoption in secure and safe systems, where different standards and operational constraints apply. In this paper, we propose a novel agile methodology for the development and innovation of safety-critical systems. In particular, we developed an extension of the well-known Scrum methodology and discussed the complete workflow. We finally validated the applicability of the proposed methodology over a real case study from the railway domain.
Adenosine receptor signalling in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Trinh Phuc N. H. , Baltos Jo-Anne , Hellyer Shane D. , May Lauren T. , Gregory Karen J.
Published: July 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common dementia in the elderly and its increasing prevalence presents treatment challenges. Despite a better understanding of the disease, the current mainstay of treatment cannot modify pathogenesis or effectively address the associated cognitive and memory deficits. Emerging evidence suggests adenosine G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are promising therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s disease. The adenosine A1 and A2A receptors are expressed in the human brain and have a proposed involvement in the pathogenesis of dementia. Targeting these receptors preclinically can mitigate pathogenic β-amyloid and tau neurotoxicity whilst improving cognition and memory. In this review, we provide an accessible summary of the literature on Alzheimer’s disease and the therapeutic potential of A1 and A2A receptors. Although there are no available medicines targeting these receptors approved for treating dementia, we provide insights into some novel strategies, including allosterism and the targeting of oligomers, which may increase drug discovery success and enhance the therapeutic response.
Age-related decline in circulating IGF-1 associates with impaired neurovascular coupling responses in older adults
Authors: Toth Luca , Czigler Andras , Hegedus Emoke , Komaromy Hedvig , Amrein Krisztina , Czeiter Endre , Yabluchanskiy Andriy , Koller Akos , Orsi Gergely , Perlaki Gabor , Schwarcz Attila , Buki Andras , Ungvari Zoltan , Toth Peter J.
Published: July 2022

Impairment of moment-to-moment adjustment of cerebral blood flow (CBF) to the increased oxygen and energy requirements of active brain regions via neurovascular coupling (NVC) contributes to the genesis of age-related cognitive impairment. Aging is associated with marked deficiency in the vasoprotective hormone insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Preclinical studies on animal models of aging suggest that circulating IGF-1 deficiency is causally linked to impairment of NVC responses. The present study was designed to test the hypotheses that decreases in circulating IGF-1 levels in older adults also predict the magnitude of age-related decline of NVC responses. In a single-center cross-sectional study, we enrolled healthy young (n = 31, 11 female, 20 male, mean age: 28.4 + / − 4.2 years) and aged volunteers (n = 32, 18 female, 14 male, mean age: 67.9 + / − 4.1 years). Serum IGF-1 level, basal CBF (phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)), and NVC responses during the trail making task (with transcranial Doppler sonography) were assessed. We found that circulating IGF-1 levels were significantly decreased with age and associated with decreased basal CBF. Age-related decline in IGF-1 levels predicted the magnitude of age-related decline in NVC responses. In conclusion, our study provides additional evidence in support of the concept that age-related circulating IGF-1 deficiency contributes to neurovascular aging, impairing CBF and functional hyperemia in older adults.
Regulatory science of natural products
Authors: Goda Yukihiro
Published: July 2022

Foods and pharmaceuticals play key roles in public health and welfare and ensuring that these products meet their quality assurance standards is a top priority in health and medical care. Quality assurance of natural products is essential in pharmaceutical sciences because the outset of a medicine is a natural, crude drug. Regulatory science underpins scientific regulations and is closely related to the quality assurance of foods and pharmaceuticals to ensure their safety and efficacy. During my time at the National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan, from 1986 to present, the regulatory science of natural products has been my main research focus. This review discusses 24 studies related to the regulatory science of natural food additives, 26 related to foods, 23 related to borderline products, 16 related to illicit psychotropic mushrooms, plants, and agents, and 57 related to herbal medicines. In later sections, the regulatory science for ethical Kampo products with new dosage forms and herbal medicines that use Kampo extracts as active pharmaceutical ingredients are discussed. My experience from the early twenty-first century in research projects on the bioequivalence of Kampo products and the development of ephedrine alkaloid-free Ephedra Herb extract demonstrate that regulatory science is crucial for developing new drugs.