bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REACTIVE OXYGEN OR NITROGEN SPECIES (ROS/ RNS) AND RESPONSE OF ANTIOXIDANTS AS SCAVENGERS DURING BIOTIC STRESS IN PLANTS: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: A.S Lubaina , K Murugan
Published: January 2020

Phytopathogens have evolved diverse independent and complex modes of penetrating and accessing plant cellular contents. The synthesis of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) by the utilization of molecular oxygen during plant–pathogen interactions results in to oxidative burst, a signaling cascade to defense. ROS array includes singlet oxygen, the hydroxyperoxyl radical, the superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, the hydroxyl radical and the closely related reactive nitrogen species, nitric oxide. ROS acts synergistically directs to signal amplification to drive the hypersensitive reaction (HR) and initiates systemicdefenses. The role of ROS in successful pathogenesis, it is ideal to inhibit the cell death machinery selectively and simultaneously to monitor other defense and pathogenesis-related processes. With the understanding of the interplay underlying the localized activation of the oxidative burst following perception of pathogen avirulence signals and key downstream responses including gene activation, cell death, and long-distance signaling, novel strategies will be developed for engineering enhanced protection against pathogens by manipulation of the oxidative burst and oxidant-mediated signal pathways. In this over review, it is reported the different roles of ROS/RNS in host–pathogen interactions with example on Alternaria- Sesamum interaction.
AM FUNGAL DIVERSITY IN THE PLANT COMMUNITY OF VELLIANGIRI HILLS, WESTERN GHATS, COIMBATORE.
Authors: H Muthuraj , H Abdul Kaffoor , A Venkatachalapathi , K.T Siva Priya , E Krishnan , N Nagarajan
Published: January 2020

The ecological mechanisms of AM fungal diversity ensure successful management for conservation and restoration of natural ecosystems. Here the study contacted to estimate the diversity of AM fungal and their function in Velliangiri hills, Western Ghats, Coimbatore. The community structure of AM fungi, asdetermined by number of spores present in 100g of soil, varied with sampling time in plant community. And all so the morphological identification was done by microscopic characters. Soil properties like pH, macro and micro nutrient and the climate data were collected for all tree years to know their impact on fungalcommunity. The overall result conform the root colonization and spore population were higher in winter season and also lower in rainy. Totally 30 AM fungal species from 10 genera were identified the important genera were Acaulospora, Ambispora, Claroideoglomus, Funneliformis, Gigaspora, Glomus, Racocetra,Redeckera, Rhizophagus and Scutellospora. Among these five genera, Glomus occurred most frequently. In general, Rhizophagus fasciculatus was found to be most abundant species. Consequently, this result conform the rich diversity in the study area. This symbiotic relationship had important roles in establishment of plant community of this area.
AN ETHNOZOOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF TRADITIONALLY USED ANIMAL-BASED THERAPIES IN ATTAPPADY OF PALAKKAD DISTRICT, KERALA, INDIA.
Authors: D Rajmohan , K.M Niranjana , R Yamuna , K Logankumar
Published: January 2020

The present study is an attempt to collect and document the ethnozoological knowledge possessed by the traditional tribal people of Attappady hills of Western Ghats in Palakkad district. The study area consisted of three categories of tribes namely, Irula, Kurumba and Muduga. Irulas contribute the majority followed by Mudugas and Kurumbas respectively. The study involved collection of information regarding the topic from all the three categories of tribes. Informations were collected by direct personal interviews with traditional healers belonging to tribal community. The mentioned animals were identified by their local names and previous studies in ethnozoology and available biodiversity records of regions in and around Attappady which involves Silent Valley National Park. The lack of biodiversity records posed difficulty in identifying the animal mentioned by the healers. The collected data was analyzed mathematically by calculating Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) to know the category of ailment for which more treatment is available, Fidelity level of animal species to identify the most preferred  species for zootherapeutics, andInformant Agreement Index (IAR) to determine the agreement between informants for the use of a particular animal species for the treatment of a particular ailment category. ICF value obtained is highest for orthopedic ailments, FL is highest for Varanus bengalensis and Rusa unicolor and IAR is highest for seven species. The reduction in number of animals, lack of efficiency in implementing forest laws and their cultural taboos regarding the interaction with the outside world have resulted in the deterioration of traditional knowledge among the tribal population itself and also, due to legal issues, they have switched over almost completely to floral medicine. Therefore, they have a very little knowledge on the practice of zootherapeutics and ethnozoology.
INDOLE DERIVATIVES: DESIGN, SYNTHESIS, IN-VITRO BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY AS ANTICANCER AGENTS
Authors: A Amuthavalli , B Prakash , R Velmurugan
Published: January 2020

New hetero annulated indoles were synthesized and structurally characterized by spectral means. In order to understand the nature of interactions of these molecules, we carried out molecular docking studies using the protein kinase CK2 inhibitors. The docking results provided some useful information for the futuredesign of more potent inhibitors. The in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated for all the new compounds by MTT assay against HeLa and compared with the standard drug ellipticine. All the compounds showed moderate to potent activity against the cell lines. The preliminary structure–activity relationships were carried out.
POLYAMINES: ROLE IN ATTENUATION OF HEAVY METAL TOXICITY
Authors: Majumder Barsha , K. Biswas Asok
Published: January 2020

Environmental changes resulted in a variety of stresses in plants of which heavy metal stress holds important position, affect the growth and development and trigger a series of morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in plants. When exposed heavy metal stress, the complex dynamickinetics of polyamine biosynthesis was observed. Polyamines are small organic polycations present in all organisms and have a leading role in signaling, plant growth and development and deliver tolerance to a cultivar against stresses. High accumulation of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) in plantsduring heavy metal stress has been well reported and is correlated with increased tolerance to different plants under stressed condition. Genetic engineering of polyamine biosynthetic genes in crop plants is the way to create resistance heavy metal toxicity.
SEED PRIMING: A MULTIFACETED AND COST-EFFECTIVE TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE CROP PRODUCTION
Authors: Biswas Sabarni , Paul Alivia , Biswas Asok Kumar
Published: January 2020

Seed priming is a cost-effective technique which involves prior seed exposure to an abiotic stress that makes the seed more resistant to future lethal exposure. Seed priming stimulates pre-germination metabolic processes and makes the seed ready for sprouting. It helps to up regulate the antioxidant enzyme activitiesand repairs membrane damage. These changes promote seed vigour and emergence under abiotic stress. This article aims to review the different priming processes as well as the physiological, biochemical and molecular changes induced by priming that lead to synchronized seed germination. Plants’ responses to some priming agents under abiotic stress have been reported based on recent investigations.
ON STAR COLOURING OF M(TM,N),M(TN),M(LN) AND M(SN)
Authors: V Lavinya , D Vijayalakshmi , S Priyanka
Published: January 2020

A Star coloring of an undirected graph G is a proper vertex coloring of G in which every path on four vertices contains at least three distinct colors. The Star chromatic number of an undirected graph Χs(G), denoted by(G) is the smallest integer k for which G admits a star coloring with k colors. In this paper, we obtain the exact value of the Star chromatic number of Middle graph of Tadpole graph, Snake graph, Ladder graph and Sunlet graphs denoted by M(Tm,n), M(Tn),M(Ln) and M(Sn) respectively.
ON DYNAMIC COLORING OF WEB GRAPH
Authors: R.R Aaresh , M Venkatachalam , T Deepa
Published: January 2020

Dynamic coloring of a graph G is a proper coloring. The chromatic number of a graph G is the minimum k such that G has a dynamic coloring with k colors. In this paper we investigate the dynamic chromatic number for the Central graph, Middle graph, Total graph and Line graph of Web graph Wn denoted by C(Wn), M(Wn), T(Wn) and L(Wn) respectively.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION, THERMAL ANALYSIS AND DNA CLEAVAGE ACTIVITY OF A NOVELZINC (II) COMPLEX OF PYRAZOLE SCHIFF BASES
Authors: Eswaran Jayanthi
Published: January 2020

A hydrazone Schiff base Zn(II) metal complex is synthesised from the Shiff base ligand Thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide and 1, 3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxaldehyde reacted together in 1:1 mole ratio to obtain Schiff base ligand (HL) which was subsequently, allowed to react with Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O. The Schiff base ligand and its Zn (II) complex prepared were characterized on the basis of elemental nalysis,thermogravimetry, UV-Visible spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy. IR spectrum of the zinc complex shows that the ligand (HL) is coordinated to the metal ion in monoanionicbidentate fashion with the 1:2 metal to ligand stoichiometry. The thermal behaviour of thecomplex shows a single step decomposition pattern leaving the respective ZnO residue. The DNA cleavage activity of the complex ismonitored using agarose gel lectrophoresis method which indicates the potential of the complex to cleave supercoiled DNA.
STUDIES ON THE ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL BIODIVERSITY IN THE PLANT SPECIES OF YELLANAHALLI HILLS, VALLEY VIEW OF NILGIRIS, UDHAGAMANDALAM, TAMIL NADU, INDIA
Authors: S Santhoshkumar , N Nagarajan , R Prema , R Kowsaliya , F Amjath Alikhan , P Aishwarya
Published: January 2020

The present study to investigated that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal root colonization and spore population in some medicinal at Yellanahalli hills, valley view of Nilgiris, Udhagamandalam, Tamilnadu, India.Root and rhizosphere soil samples were collected during the month of August, 2017 - March, 2018 Soil pHwas to be recorded. From the study results revealed that totally 25 plant species belonging to 13 families were recorded root colonization and rhizosphere spore population. A totally 12 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species belonging to 7 genera and 2 different Orders were isolated and identified. The maximum sporepopulation was found in the rhizosphere soil samples of Justicia procumbens (380 /100 g of soil) which belongs to the family Acanthaceae and the lowest spore population was observed in the Crotalarieae juncea(102 / 100 g of soil) belongs to Fabaceae. Among these plant species the highest 81% AM fungal infection wasfound in roots of Solanum nigrum belongs to the family Solanaceae While the lowest 23 % AM fungal association was found in the root of Verbascum thapsus belongs to Scrophulariaceae.
STUDIES ON THE ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL BIODIVERSITY IN THE PLANT SPECIES OF KONDRANGHI HILLS, DINDUGUL DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA
Authors: S Santhoshkumar , N Nagarajan , K Santhoshkumar
Published: January 2020

The present study to investigated that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal root colonization and spore population in some medicinal at Kondrangi hills Eastern Ghats of Dindugul district, Tamilnadu, India. Root and rhizosphere soil samples were collected during the month of August, 2017-March, 2018 from the surfaceto 30 cm depth as well as pH were also recorded. Totally 32 plant species belonging to 21 families and 30 genera were identified. The present result showed arbuscular mycorrhizal spore population in the rhizosphere soil and root colonization of all the plant species. A total of 20 AM fungal species belonging to 7genera and 2 different orders were recorded from the rhizosphere soil samples of this study region. The Glomus was dominant had seen in rhizosphere soil samples in all the medicinal plant species. The maximum spore population was found in the rhizosphere soil samples of Phyllanthus amarus (440 /100 g soil) which belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae and the lowest spore population was observed in the Tephrosia purpurea (110 /100g soil) belongs to Fabaceae. family. The highest 87% AM fungal infection was found in roots of Plumbago zeylanica belongs to the family Plumbaginaceae. While the lowest 24% AM fungal association was found in the root of Striga angustifolia belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae.
RECOLLECTION OF STROBILANTHES PAPILLOSUS T. ANDERSON (ACANTHACEAE) FROM TYPE LOCALITY
Authors: C Murugan , V Ravichandran
Published: January 2020

Strobilanthe spapillosus T. Anderson (Acanthaceae) is, an endemic and highly threatened species,recollected from the type locality after a lapse of 83 years. A short description with an illustration, relevant note is provided here for further collection and identity in field.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE ENDEMIC TAXA OF VELLIANGIRI HILLS, A PART OF SOUTHERN WESTERN GHATS, INDIA
Authors: V Aravindhan , Aa Rajendran
Published: January 2020

The present exploration based on the floristic studies carried out shows that there are about 121 endemic taxa of flowering plants in Velliangiri hills belonging to 34 families have been recorded and are listed. Out of the plants listed, the dominant families are Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae and Orchidaceae.From the list of the endemic plants in the study, it is indicated that the phylo-genetically advanced families such as Orchidaceae, Asteraceae, and Lamiaceae are the most diversified families on the basis of their number of genera and species. The herbs and shrubs are better represented than the trees in the list. A large number of endemic taxa (about 20 species) are known only by their type collection, which could not be recollected or relocated even after repeated field explorations. It seems that either these taxa are vanished from their localities or alternatively, that species misidentification has occurred.
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND HEALTH ISSUES
Authors: V Mary Kensa
Published: January 2020

Nature provides all kinds of facilities and resources to live in the planet. Nations are exploiting the environment (resources) as much as for comfort and luxury life in terms of development. The so called developments create negative impact in the planet and make the people keep away from nature. The environmental degradation is caused by combustion of fossil fuel, agricultural activities, industries,households, nuclear plants and other sources. These are polluting air, water and soil. As a result climate is changed and it leads global warming, flood, Hurricane, and other natural calamities. These incidences are led to threat to human health. The climate change leads to health problems such as malaria, dengue, yellow fever,diarrhoea, measles and other vector borne diseases, cancer, cardio vascular and respiratory diseases. The environmental degradation affects the food chain and it affects the health of the human beings. The climate change affects four grain production and it creates food insecurity. The poor people are forced to fall under malnutrition and it affects the health of the people. There is an urgent need to protect the environment and save the planet and protect the human beings from ill health.
CONTRA_σgμ - CONTINUOUS FUNCTIONS
Authors: K Baby
Published: January 2020

In this paper we introduce and discuss some basic properties of contra_σgμ -continuous functions.
INHIBITION OF NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION IN LPS-STIMULATED RAW 264.7 CELLS BY DOLICHANDRONE ATROVIRENS BARK
Authors: Deepa Ponnuvel , Sowndhararajan Kandhasamy , Kim Minju , Kim Songmun
Published: January 2020

In traditional systems of medicine, the bark of Dolichandroneatrovirens has been used to treat various disorders. The main aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of D. atrovirens bark through the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.For this purpose, preliminary phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of D. atrovirens bark were evaluated to select the most effective extract.The methanol extract of D.atrovirens registered the highest amount of total phenolics (476.2 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (129.0 mg RE/g)contents witha strong antioxidant activity as measured in DPPH (IC50 of 19.52 μg/mL) and ABTS (IC50of 10.82 μg/mL) scavenging activities.Hence, the methanol extract was selected for cell line study. Further, the methanol extract of D. atrovirens effectively inhibited the production of NO in RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS (13.1 μM at the concentration of 80 μg/mL). It could be concluded that the presence of higher level of total phenolic components in the methanol extract of D. atrovirens bark might be responsible for reducing the NO level in cells.
Isolation And Characterization Of Gut Bacterial Species Of Earthworm Lampito Mauritii
Authors: Parhi Deepak Kumar , S Sahana Yasmine , T Sridhar , M.P Deepthi , P Kathireswari
Published: January 2020

Lampito mauriti is an Anecic earthworm living in the topsoil and it is geophytophagous in nature.This earthworm is an important soil macro fauna as it has the dual role of an ‘ecosystem engineer’ due to the ability to build burrows as well as ‘keystone species’ in soil food webs because of its function in degradationof organic wastes. The present study investigates the gut of this earthworm to find the most predominant bacterium harbored inside. Gut contents were extracted and streaked on bacteriological media. The predominant type of colony was identified based on size, pigmentation, form, margin and elevation. Thendifferent colonies were isolated and streaked separately to get pure colonies. The bacteria was subjected to several biochemical tests like Motility test, Gram staining, Methyl Red test, Voges-Proskauer test, Indole production test, Carbohydrate Fermentation test, Catalase test and Starch Hydrolysis test in order to identify the species. The bacterial species identification was done using Bergey’s manual. The bacterial isolates such as Micrococcus spp, Veillonella spp, Bacillus spp and Streptococcus spp were identified.
ON b-mI-OPEN SETS AND b-mI- CONTINUOUS FUNCTIONS
Authors: M Parimala
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this paper is to introduce b-mI-open sets in ideal minimal spaces and to investigate he relationships between minimal spaces and ideal minimal spaces. Furthermore, decomposition of continuous functions are established.
SYNTHESIS OF 3-(PYRIDYL)-3,3A,4,9-TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAZOLINO[3’,4’:5,4]CYCLOPENT[B]INDOLE
Authors: V Sangeetha
Published: January 2020

Mixed aldol condensation of 1-oxo-1,2,3,8-tetrahydrocyclopent[b]- indole (1a-d) with pyridine-2- ldehyde (2) under basic condition led to formation of 2-pyridelydine-1-oxo-1,2,3,8-tetrahydrocyclopent[b]indole (3a-d). To an ethanolic solution of 2-pyridelydine-1-oxo-1,2,3,8-tetrahydrocyclopent[b]indole(3a-d) is refluxed with hydrazine hydrate resulted 3-pyridyl-3,3a,4,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolino[3’,4’:5,4]cyclopent[b]indole (4a-d).
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PONDS CHERUKULANGARA AND ARYANAMBI IN KERALA
Authors: J.R Jipsa , K.K Mohammed Anwar , S Logaswamy
Published: January 2020

The quality of water is identified in terms of its physical, chemical and biological parameters.Limnological features of two such temple ponds, the Cherukulangara temple pond and Aryanambi temple pond were undertaken in the present study. The biological parameters of the ponds were also made during the study. In the present investigation all the parameters showed higher values in Pond B compared to Pond A. All values are found to be within or less than the permissible limit. Both ponds showed an oligotrophic nature with the presence of poor nutrients and low vegetation. Both ponds are unpolluted fresh water bodies which have no chemical or sewage pollution. It is suggested that the higher authorities should take steps to maintain the quality of fresh water bodies including ponds from all kinds of pollution and balance the fresh water ecosystem.
DIVERSITY OF BASIDIOMYCETES IN DODDANNI FOREST, THE NILGIRIES
Authors: S Sindhu , S Manorama
Published: January 2020

Studies on the taxonomy and diversity of macro fungi are gaining importance as many macro fungi are becoming extinct and facing threat of extinction because of habitat destruction. Present study deals with the diversity of macro fungi in Nilgiri Biosphere Region (NBR) of Western Ghats. Extensive surveys were conducted from June 2011 to February 2012, where collection, preservation and photo of macro fungal carried the genera like are Boletus, Suillus, Leccinum, Tylopilus, Lactarius, Russula, Amanita, Tricholoma, Stropharia, Entoloma, Cortinarius, Scleroderma and Agrocybe were identified. A total of 20 species were collected belonging to 10 genera. Also the temperature, rainfall and the relative humidity of the study area was noted periodically. This preliminary study shows that the forest is very rich in mushroom diversity
ETHNOMEDICINAL STUDIES ON RIVER STRETCH CAUVERY BASIN OF NANJAI EDAYAR AND KUCHIPALAYAM, NAMAKKAL DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU
Authors: G Thirumaran , C.M Ganesan , K Nandakumar
Published: January 2020

The study area covers about 15 km stretch in the perennial river bed, Cauvery which supports semievergreen to dry deciduous types of forests. Ethnomedicinal information on 26 plant species was recorded during the extensive field survey carried out in this stretch during 2011-2013. The information covers botanical names, vernacular names, family, plant parts used and the mode of usage
STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF FERROELECTRIC BATIO3 NANO PARTICLES AND VACUUM EVAPORATED BATIO3 NANO SCALE THIN FILMS
Authors: B Chandar Shekar , B Sengodan , S Sathish , Sundari Sulana
Published: January 2020

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles were prepared by wet chemical method using commercially available materials barium chloride, titanium dioxide and oxalic acid. Nano scale thin films of different thickness were coated on pre - cleaned glass substrate by using vacuum evaporation technique under a vacuum of 2x10-5 Torr. The X - ray analysis showed that the particles have tetragonal structure. The deposited films of a lower thickness were found to be amorphous in nature, whereas the crystallinity increases with increase of thickness. The estimated value of grain size (D), strain and dislocation density (δ) were also reported in this paper.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, DNA BINDING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF RUTHENIUM(III) COMPLEX CONTAINING MIXED LIGANDS
Authors: K Sampath , C Jayabalakrishnan
Published: January 2020

Ruthenium(III) complex, [RuBr2(AsPh3)2L] (where L = (E)-2-(2-chlorobenzylidene)-Nmethylhydrazinecarbothioamide) have been synthesized. Structural features of the complex were determined by various physico-chemical and spectral techniques. DNA binding of the complex was investigated by absorption spectroscopy which indicated that the complex bind to DNA via intercalation and this complex ind strongly than ligand. The complex has shown significant growth inhibition activity against a panel of bacteria which indicating the pharmacological significance of the ruthenium(III) complex.
SYNTHESIS OF ISOXAZOLO AND PYRAZOLINO ANNELATED CARBAZOLES FROM 2-(3'-(2'-CHLORO) QUINOLIDINE)-1-OXO-1, 2, 3, 4-TETRAHYDROCARBAZOLE AND 2-CHLORO-3-FORMYLQUINOLINE
Authors: V Sangeetha
Published: January 2020

1-Oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole (1) on mixed aldol condensation with 2-chloro-3-formylquinoline (2) ielded 2-(3'-(2'-chloro)quinolidine)-1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole (3), which was further treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and hydrazine hydrate in separate reactions to afford 4,5-dihydro-3-3'-(2'-chloro) quinoline -isoxazolo [3,4-a]carbazole (4) and 3'-(2'-chloro)- quinoline- 3,3a,4,5- tetrahydro- 2Hpyrazolino [3,4-a]carbazole (5). The prepared compounds were elaluated for their invitro antibacterial and antifungal activities against certain pathogenic fungal and bacterial strains.
A STUDY ON FUZZY SHORTEST ROUTE ALGORITHM FOR TELEPHONE LINE CONNECTION
Authors: D Vijayalakshmi , R Kalaivani
Published: January 2020

In computer science, there are many algorithms that finds a minimum spanning tree for a connected weighted undirected fuzzy graph. The minimum length (or cost) spanning tree problem is one of the nicest and simplest problems in network optimization, and it has a wide variety of applications.The problem is tofind a minimum cost (or length) spanning tree in G. Applications include the design of various types of distribution networks in which the nodes represent cities, centers etc.; and edges represent communication links (fiber glass phone lines, data transmission lines, cable TV lines, etc.), high voltage power transmissionlines, natural gas or crude oil pipelines, water pipelines, highways, etc. The objective is to design a network that connects all the nodes using the minimum length of cable or pipe or other resource.In this paper we find the solution to the problem is to minimize the amount of new telephone line connection using matrix algorithm with fuzzy graph.
BIOSORPTION STUDIES OF CHROMIUM AND NICKEL BY PSEUDOMONAS AND BACILLUS SP.
Authors: P Anupriya , V Jacob Vargheese , S Saravanan Babu
Published: January 2020

In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to study the effect of biosorption of heavy metal such as Chromium and Nickel using Pseudomonas and Bacillus. The resistance of bacterial isolates to heavy metals such as chromium and Nickel has been studied. The Percentage of removal of chromium and nickelwas analysed. The Percentage of removal of chromium was found using immobilization techniques. It has been found that as the concentration increases the resistance to the metal also increases. At 1000ppm concentration the resistance was found maximum. The uptake of chromium and Nickel was 90.7% and80.60% by Pseudomonas respectively. Among the Pseudomonas and Bacillus, Pseudomonas proved be an efficent strain
BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND OIL YIELD OF LEMONGRASS IN PUNALUR FOREST DIVISION, KERALA, INDIA.
Authors: S Nisha Raj , S Sekaran , S Paulsamy
Published: January 2020

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) cultivation and oil distillation from its biomass are some of the important sources of earning for the rural people and tribal communities of sourthern Western Ghats in certain specific localities. Punalur Forest Division of Kerala is one such region where some local public involved in these practices. However, no data are available on the biomass production and oil yield of lemongrass for this region. Therefore, the present study has been carried out in this line. The results of the study reports that annual biomass production was greater (9250kg/ha/yr) and comparable to that of theother lemongrass cultivated areas. Similarly, the oil yield was also higher (46.7kg/ha/yr) and the concentration of oil varied significantly across the harvesting times (0.43-0.63%). The statistical processing of data elucidates that soil pH and calcium content were having significant positive correlation to lemongrassbiomass production. Oil concentration in the biomass was negatively correlated to relative humidity. Therefore, soil nutrient status can be considered as a key factor while preparing the management plan for lemongrass cultivation in Punalur Forest Division
PARTIALLY PURIFIED EXTRACT OF RICINUS COMMUNIS AGAINST DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF AEDES AEGYPTI (CULICIDAE: DIPTERA)
Authors: D Rajmohan , K Logankumar , V Sabitha , D Saranya , T Sujila
Published: January 2020

The present study has been taken to study the insecticidal properties of botanical,Ricinus communis on the growth and development of the Chikungunya vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Mortality value of egg, larvae and pupae treated with different concentration of the partially purifiedseed extract of Ricinus communis was observed at the end of 24 hours of exposure. The results revealed that the plant, Ricinus communisshowed better response against the developmental stages on the mosquito. All of these studies of the effect of plant extracts on the mosquito susceptibility showed that Ricinus communis may cause death byacting as neurotoxicants on respiratory toxicants by inhibiting the flow of nerve impulse and decrease in oxygen uptake ultimately resulting in death. The preliminary phytochemical analysis shows the presence of certain secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids in the extracts of experimental plant,Ricinuscommunis. As the alkaloids, flavonoids are known to have effective mosquitocidal properties. It indicates that the extract ofRicinus communisis most reliable and effective in terms of mosquitocidalproperties.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF THE VARIOUS ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS OF COLEUS
Authors: D.S Ranjith Santhosh Kumar , B Lakshman Kumar
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-fungal effect of different solvent extracts of Coleus forskohlii which contains minor diterpenoids, deacetylforskohlin, 9-deoxyforskohlin, 1,9-deoxyforskohlin, 1,9-dideoxy-7-deacetylforskohlin, and four other diterpenoids, along with alkaloids and volatile oils. The solvent extracts included both polarized and non-polarized solvents like methanol, ethylacetate, benzene, chloroform, water, hexane, acetone and ethanol. As a result of this study, the antifungal effect was best observed with the methanolic extract against Candida albicans in comparison to the other extracts. This study also revealed that apart from forskohlin, which was confirmed by Thin Layer Chromatography, other compounds that were extracted with methanol are required to produce the antifungal effect and can be taken forward to pharmaceutical preparations.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND IN VITRO FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES OF MEDICAGO SATIVA SEEDS
Authors: R Gomathi , S Banu , K Usha
Published: January 2020

Phytochemical analysis and in vitro free radical scavenging activities were analyzed in the various extracts of Medicago sativa seeds. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, phytosterols, tannins, terpenoids and phenols. Among the various extracts, phytochemicals were extracted best in ethanol. Free radical scavenging activities such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, superoxide, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulphonic acid) (ABTS), ferrous ion chleating activity and non radicals such as hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide were analyzed in the various extracts of Medicago sativa seeds and were compared with standard antioxidant ascorbic acid. All the extracts of Medicago sativa seeds scavenged the free radicals in a concentration dependent manner. The antioxidative activity of all the extracts was found to be more pronounced than that of the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid. Among the various extracts, the antioxidant activity was found to be more pronounced in ethanolic extract of Medicago sativa seeds
ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT PLANTS IN UDHAYAGIRI HILLS, NAGARCOIL
Authors: K Jenil Prabha , R Asir Selin Kumar
Published: January 2020

The present ecological investigation was carried out in the understorey of tropical moist deciduous forest of Udhayagiri fort hills, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu. A total number of 171 species were documented in the understory of the study area and among them 163 species were recognized as economically important.The secured value of ecological attribute, importance value index (IVI) indicates that the species like Tephrosia purpurea, Clerodendron infortunatum Acalypa indica, Aerva lanata, Asystasia gangetica, Belpharis maderaptensis, Cleome viscosa, Dodonia viscose, Glycosmis pentaphylla, Leucas aspera, Limnophila indica,Martynia annua, Oldenlandia umbellate, Pavetta indica, Phyllanthus amarus and Rhynchosia minima are well established in the study area. On the other hand, 55 plant species are considered to be ecologically weaker in the community. Hence priorities must be given to these species for natural regeneration and hence theirconservation as well.
KARAKTERISTIK SENSORIS DAN KIMIA BUMBU INSTAN DARI FORMULASI BUMBU HERBAL MENGGUNAKAN MALTODEKSTRIN DAN TWEEN 80 PADA PROSES PENGERINGAN
Authors: Mayasari Eva , Manalu Jessi
Published: January 2020

The study was aimed determining the best sensory characteristic on herb seasoning extract with the concentration  vary salt added and determined of maltodextrin and tween 80 added on  leaf of  instant herbs seasoning using foam mat drying method. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which is (1) salt concentration; 0,4%, 0,6% and 0,8%, (2) concentration of maltodextrin and tween 80; 5:0,5% ; 10:0,5% ; 15:0,5% ; 5:1% ; 10:1% ; 15:1%. The observed parameters in this study were sensory characteristics statistically using ANOVA (α=5%) and Duncan (α=5%). The results showed that the higher of concentration salt on formulation seasoning herb extract the higher panelists' preference. The treatment of 5% maltodextrin and 1% tween 80  was the best treatment of instant herbs seasoning based on panelists preference. The sensory value were aroma of 4,4 (neutral) and taste of 4.8 (slightly like).
Analysis of Interference Between LTE System and TETRA System in The 800 MHz Band
Authors: Natasha Fadhilah
Published: January 2020

Wireless communication is used in many sectors to support the need of communication, the example of wireless communication is applied in mission critical network. Wireless communication system that used in mission critical are Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) and Long Term Evolution (LTE). TETRA systems supports voice services while LTE supports voice and data services. Co-exsitence between LTE and TETRA in same frequency band is one of the optimilazition quality for mission critical network. For this final project analyses interference in co-exsitence between LTE and TETRA in frequency band 800 MHz. There are four scenarios using extended-hata model propagation in urban area. There are several parameters that reviewed, desired Received Signal Strength (dRSS), interfering Received Signal Strength (iRSS), Carrier to Interference ratio (C/I) and probability of interference. In all scenarios occur Co-Channel Interference (CCI) between LTE and TETRA in frequency band 800 MHz so the performance not optimal. The performance increased when add guard band variation. The variation that applied are 0,5 MHz, 0,75 MHz, 1 MHz. Based on the result of the simulation that have been done, proposed the used of guard band variation for elevate the performance.
In vitro Antiradical, Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Activities and Phytochemical Compositions of Endemic Alcea calvertii (Boiss) Boiss. Flowers
Authors: KESER Serhat , KESER Fatma , TEKIN Suat , KAYGILI Ömer , TURKOGLU İsmail , DEMIR Ersin , KARATEPE Mustafa , KIRBAG Sevda , YILMAZ Ökkes , SANDAL Suleyman , TURKOGLU Semra
Published: January 2020

Alcea calvertii (Boiss) Boiss.
is belonged to Malvaceae family, and it is a perennial herbaceous endemic
plant. Alcea genus plants are grown
as ornamental plants in the gardens. In the present study, the antiproliferative,
antimicrobial, antiradical activities and phytochemical compositions of
ethanol, water, methanol and acetone extracts of A. calvertii flowers were examined. A. calvertii flowers water, ethanol, methanol and acetone extracts
are lower scavenged DPPH, ABTS and OH radicals than standard antioxidant
trolox. A. calvertii flowers contain
vitamins, sterols, flavonoids and phenolic acids, dominated by vanillic acid,
gallic acid, catechin, δ-tocopherol, ergosterol and vitamin D. A. calvertii
flowers water extract showed better antiproliferative activities than other
extracts against to MCF-7 and HCT-116 cell lines. A. calvertii flowers methanol extract showed higher
antiproliferative effect against to LNCaP cell lines.
Toplu Konutlarda Reaktif Güç Kompanzasyonunun Uygulanabilirliğinin Analizi
Authors: SEZER Özkan , DALDAL Nihat , YÜCEDAĞ İbrahim
Published: January 2020

Bu
çalışmada, teknolojinin hızla gelişmesi sonucu ortaya çıkan elektrik enerjisi
ihtiyacının karşılanması için yapılabilecek iyileştirmeler ele alınmıştır. Bu
ihtiyacın karşılanması için enerji üretiminin artırılmasının yanı sıra üretilen
enerjinin verimli bir şekilde kullanılması büyük önem arz etmektedir. Enerjinin
üretimi ve planlanması, enerji verimliliği açısından son derece önemlidir.
Reaktif enerji tüketimini minimuma indirmek yani kompanzasyon yapmak,
verimlilik artırır. Ancak günümüzde kompanzasyon sadece belirli gücün üstündeki
işletmelerde uygulanmaktadır. Günümüzde elektrik üretimi zor ve pahalı hâle gelmiştir.
Bu konuda yapılacak her türlü tasarruf ve iyileştirme; ülke ekonomisine ve
enerji verimliliğine büyük katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmada, meskenlerde
(kompanzasyonun zorunlu kabul edilmediği mekânlarda) kullanılan elektriğin
kompanzasyona ihtiyaç duyulup duyulmadığı incelenmiştir. Yapılan bu çalışmada,
dört kişilik bir ailenin kaldığı meskene, enerji analizör sistemi kurularak
evin elektrik tüketimi iki aylık süreyle izlenmiş ve elde edilen verilere göre
değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.
Cine y Teorías Criminológicas
Authors: Norberto Hernández Jiménez
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo pretende demostrar cómo a través del cine se pueden analizar tanto categorías dogmáticas del derecho penal, como teorías criminológicas. Estos temas, que en ocasiones se tornan difíciles de abordar con los estudiantes y el público en general, pueden simplificarse a través del uso de esta herramienta audiovisual, obteniendo mayor receptividad y construcción compartida de conocimiento
La La función del compliance en el análisis de la responsabilidad penal de la persona jurídica
Authors: Raza Castañeda Stalin
Published: January 2020

En el presente ensayo se analizarán 6 aspectos fundamentales: 1. El estado de la cuestión en materia de responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas, desde un abordaje tanto teórico como práctico; 2. La compatibilidad constitucional de la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas; 3. Los modelos de imputación de las personas jurídicas conocidos hasta la actualidad; 4. Los problemas de la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas con la Dogmática Penal estándar; 5. Las funciones del compliance para evaluar la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas; y, 6. La necesidad o no de elaborar una nueva Dogmática Penal para los casos de responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas y las funciones del compliance en tal dogmática
Políticas activas de empleo juvenil en el Ecuador
Authors: Lanas Medina Elisa
Published: January 2020

El artículo presenta un estudio crítico sobre las políticas activas de empleo juvenil aplicadas en Ecuador por el actual gobierno, con especial énfasis en las incorporadas en la Ley Orgánica para la Promoción del Trabajo Juvenil, regulación excepcional de la jornada de trabajo, cesantía y seguro de desempleo. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la política pública del gobierno en esta materia frente a los actuales planteamientos que organismos internacionales especializados proponen para enfrentar el alarmante desempleo de los jóvenes en todo el mundo. Se espera generar un debate informado sobre la pertinencia de dichas políticas y plantear la posibilidad de ajuste de los mecanismos propuestos en la norma.
Editorial
Authors: Rivadeneira Játiva Hernán
Published: January 2020

Como Paul feyerabend señala en la presentación de su famoso libro Tratado contra el método, cuando hace referencia a la ausencia de su amigo y contradictor, Imre Lakatos, a quien su obra estaba destinada, “falta la parte más importante: la réplica de la persona a la que va dirigido”. La iniciativa del Colegio de Abogados de Pichincha de impulsar una revista jurídica, a través de su Academia, tiene un solo objetivo: generar el debate
Análisis de la tabla de medidas de sustancias controladas y sujetas a fiscalización, vigente en el Ecuador, en torno a la configuración legal del delito de tráfico de drogas
Authors: López Soria Yudith
Published: January 2020

En el Capítulo Tercero sobre los Delitos contra el Buen Vivir del Código Orgánico Integral Penal, Sección Segunda, encontramos regulados los Delitos por la producción o tráfico ilícito de sustancias catalogadas sujetas a fiscalización, y exactamente en el artículo 220, se regula la figura delictiva del Tráfico ilícito de sustancias catalogadas sujetas a fiscalización. El análisis de este tipo penal nos llevó a concluir que es de configuración legal insuficiente y defectuosa en el COIP, toda vez que la tabla de cantidades de sustancias catalogadas y sujetas a fiscalización, vigente en el Ecuador, para poder calificar la escala o las escalas a las que se comete el delito, no se ajusta al total contenido de la ley, exactamente al último párrafo dentro de este mismo tipo penal, dispone que: “La tenencia o posesión de sustancias estupefacientes o psicotrópicas para uso o consumo personal en las cantidades establecidas por la normativa correspondiente, no será punible”.

Vislumbramos además, que al incidir en la configuración legal, incidirá también en su integración y aplicación, y por ende, encontrará pronunciamientos judiciales, que de aplicarse tal y como prevé la ley, encontrarán conflictos importantes entre los principios constitucionales de legalidad (nullum crime, nulla poena sine lege) y ante la duda a favor del reo, (in dubio pro reo). Para demostrarlo iniciaré este análisis.
Complejidad y delitos sistémicos
Authors: Orsi Omar Gabriel
Published: January 2020

Pese a los avances tecnológicos y las reformas procesales, la baja eficiencia en la investigación de los delitos sistémicos -en especial, los de cuello blanco- no pudo ser sustancialmente mejorada. El trabajo desarrolla el potencial de los modelos de la complejidad y de las metodologías formales para la resolución de este tipo de problemas
Descentralización en Ecuador ¿Un proceso inconcluso?
Authors: Tello Toral Karina Patricia , Lucio Vásquez Ángel Giovany
Published: January 2020

La presente investigación analizó el proceso de descentralización en el Ecuador, período 2008 – 2018 a partir de dos paradigmas: el primero, la división político administrativa actual; y, el segundo, el proceso de transferencia de competencias en cada uno de los niveles de gobierno. En cuanto a la metodología se utilizan los métodos sistemático y analítico aplicados al campo de las ciencias sociales. La investigación concluye estableciendo que el proceso de descentralización a partir de la Constitución de 2008 es un avatar inconcluso
PATRIMÔNIO FERROVIÁRIO NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL: AS ESTAÇÕES PADRÃO VFRGS DOS ANOS 30 E 40; ESTUDO DE CASO DA ESTAÇÃO DE ALEGRETE (RS)
Authors: Rosso Bicca Renan , Lopes Cezar Laura
Published: January 2020

O intuito da Pesquisa é apresentar a história das ferrovias no Brasil e Rio Grande do Sul. Analisar as estações ferroviárias padrão VFRGS no período dos anos 30 e 40. A implantação das ferrovias no Brasil, cujo início a partir de 1850, quando o império almejava consolidar-se enquanto nação e desvincular-se de Portugal. A primeira estrada de ferro é inaugurada em 1854. Após a construção da primeira linha ferroviária, as estradas de ferro começaram sua expansão pelo território brasileiro. Em 1874 é inaugurada a uma linha no Rio Grande do Sul, entre Porto Alegre e São Leopoldo. As estações foram implantadas no mesmo período das linhas férreas, muitas estações foram construídas por companhias estrangeiras e pelos Batalhões de Engenharia do Exército.  Entre as décadas de 30 e 40 a VFRGS inaugurou estações ferroviárias padronizadas em diversos pontos do estado. A partir disso, constrói-se  uma linha do tempo para melhor exemplificar as semelhanças compositivas entre os edifícios. Além disso, apresenta o processo de inserção da estação ferroviária em Alegrete/RS, estabelecendo um parâmetro com a realidade. Conclui-se que, as estações ferroviárias analisadas, embora com algumas variáveis, seguem um projeto padrão, resultando em estações férreas com forte identidade visual.
Performative Speech Acts in the Translation of Indonesian Legal Documents into English
Authors: Ana I Wayan , Yadnya Ida Bagus Putra , Budiarsa I Made , Puspani Ida Ayu Made
Published: January 2020

The aim of this research is to find out speech acts used in legal documents. To discuss the problems of this research, two theories are applied, namely, the translation theory of Newmark completed by the concept of pragmatic (for what purpose, to whom, when and where the legal documents are used), while for speech acts typology, Searle's theory is applied. The data used for this research were taken from 6 (six) legal documents in the form of employment contract, conciliation agreement, lease agreement, sales agreement, lease of resident and business place and lease of villa agreement. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that from the five specific types of speech acts put forward by Searle and Cruse, only 4 (four) speech acts were found, namely, (1) representative, (2) directive, (3) comisive, and (4) declarative speech acts.  While expressive speech act was not found in this research.
Will Dolphins Save the World? Russian Conversations about the Sacralization of the Beautiful
Authors: Bakumenko Gennady , Vladimirovna Kalus Irina , Viktorovna Nedbaeva Svetlana , Nikolaevna Dudina Margarita , Dmitrievich Pokhilko Alexander , Nikolaevich Glushchenko Vsevolod , Konstantinovna Livanova Tatyana , Nikolaevna Lübaya Victoria , Mukhamedovich Gutov Adam , Nikolayevich Suzi Valeriy , Feliksovna Scherbak Nina , Pavlovich Karagoda Konstantin , Petrovich Borisov Boris , Borisovich Khramov Valeriy , Vasilyevna Muratova Svetlana
Published: January 2020

In the monograph, through the method of ethical questioning, a special place of open scientific thinking in the development of national culture is revealed. On the one hand, culture is conceived as a determinant of personal self-determination, which forms a person as an elementary unit and measure of a value system, on the other hand, it is an object of theoretical reflection, a complex systematic phenomenon causing social changes and the course of history. The book is written for students of social and humanitarian disciplines, scientists, philosophers and educators.В монографии посредством этического вопрошания раскрывается особое место открытого научного мышления в становлении отечественной культуры. С одной стороны, культура мыслится в качестве детерминанты личностного самоопределения, формирующей личность как элементарную единицу и мерило ценностной системы, с другой — является объектом теоретической рефлексии, сложным системным феноменом, обуславливающим социальные изменения и ход истории. Книга адресована студентам социальных и гуманитарных дисциплин, ученым, философам и педагогам.
Conversations about the Sacralization of the Beautiful
Authors: Bakumenko Gennady , Gritsenko Vasiliy
Published: January 2020

В современном российском обществе важную роль играет тема национальной государственной идеологии. Это потому, что национальная идея и идеология в целом выступают интегрирующей силой. Анализ проблематики духовной составляющей в традиционной идеологии русской идеи ведёт к обоснованию необходимости трансляции культурной традиции, накопленного поколениями исторического духовного опыта.In modern Russian society, the theme of national state ideology plays an important role. This is because the national idea and ideology as a whole act as an integrating force. An analysis of the problems of the spiritual component in the traditional ideology of the Russian idea leads to the justification of the need to translate the cultural tradition accumulated by generations of historical spiritual experience.
holographic focusing phase and surface integral
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: January 2020

holographic focusing phase and surface integral