bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Effectors of Acute and Chronic GVHD Overexpress CD83 and Predict Mortality
Authors: Holtan Shernan G. , Savid-Frontera Constanza , Walton Kelly , Eaton Anne A. , Demorest Connor , Hoeschen Andrea , Zhang Ling , Reid Kayla , Kurian Tony , Sayegh Zena , Julia Estefania , Maakaron Joseph , Bachanova Veronika , Jurdi Najla El , MacMillan Margaret L. , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Felices Martin , Miller Jeffrey S. , Blazar Bruce R. , Davila Marco L. , Betts Brian C.
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

Acute and chronic GVHD remain major causes of transplant-related morbidity and mortality (TRM) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). We have shown CD83 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells prevent GVHD and kill myeloid leukemia cell lines. In this pilot study, we investigate CD83 expression on GVHD effector cells, correlate these discoveries with clinical outcomes, and evaluate critical therapeutic implications for transplant recipients.

Experimental Design:

CD83 expression was evaluated among circulating CD4+ T cells, B-cell subsets, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, and monocytes from patients with/without acute or chronic GVHD (n = 48 for each group), respectively. CD83 expression was correlated with survival, TRM, and relapse after alloHCT. Differential effects of GVHD therapies on CD83 expression was determined.

Results:

CD83 overexpression on CD4+ T cells correlates with reduced survival and increased TRM. Increased CD83+ B cells and Tfh cells, but not monocytes, are associated with poor posttransplant survival. CD83 CAR T eliminate autoreactive CD83+ B cells isolated from patients with chronic GVHD, without B-cell aplasia as observed with CD19 CAR T. We demonstrate robust CD83 antigen density on human acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and confirm potent antileukemic activity of CD83 CAR T in vivo, without observed myeloablation.

Conclusions:

CD83 is a promising diagnostic marker of GVHD and warrants further investigation as a therapeutic target of both GVHD and AML relapse after alloHCT.
N6-Methyladenosine RNA Modifications Regulate the Response to Platinum Through Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase
Authors: Huang Hao , Zhao Guangyuan , Cardenas Horacio , Valdivia Andres Felipe , Wang Yinu , Matei Daniela
Published: January 2023

Development of resistance to platinum (Pt) in ovarian cancer remains a major clinical challenge. Here we focused on identifying epitranscriptomic modifications linked to Pt resistance. Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is a N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA demethylase that we recently described as a tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer. We hypothesized that FTO-induced removal of m6A marks regulates the cellular response of ovarian cancer cells to Pt and is linked to the development of resistance. To study the involvement of FTO in the cellular response to Pt, we used ovarian cancer cells in which FTO was knocked down via short hairpin RNA or overexpressed and Pt-resistant (Pt-R) models derived through repeated cycles of exposure to Pt. We found that FTO was significantly downregulated in Pt-R versus sensitive ovarian cancer cells. Forced expression of FTO, but not of mutant FTO, increased sensitivity to Pt in vitro and in vivo (P < 0.05). Increased numbers of γ-H2AX foci, measuring DNA double-strand breaks, and increased apoptosis were observed after exposure to Pt in FTO-overexpressing versus control cells. Through integrated RNA sequencing and MeRIP sequencing, we identified and validated the enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), as a new FTO target linked to Pt response. NNMT was upregulated and demethylated in FTO-overexpressing cells. Treatment with an NNMT inhibitor or NNMT knockdown restored sensitivity to Pt in FTO-overexpressing cells. Our results support a new function for FTO-dependent m6A RNA modifications in regulating the response to Pt through NNMT, a newly identified RNA methylated gene target.
Abstract A001: Bridging the gap between cancer care service delivery and the sexual and gender minority communities: A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Jeames Sanford , Fernandez Britteny
Published: January 2023

While there has been an increase in health equity research, there is scarcely research focusing on health equity for cancer survivors who identify as LGBTQIA+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual, Pansexual and Two-Spirit). This is in part the result of a lack of routine collection of SOGI (Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity) data within the LGBTQIA+ community. Our research aims to analyze and discuss how labelling and terminology have both influenced medical practice and posed barriers and delays in care to the LGBT community over time. Further, examining whether the literature supports increasing LGBT experiences in interprofessional training. By identifying these gaps in the literature and in interprofessional training we hope to decrease barriers to timely and supportive cancer services. To examine the breadth of research on the LGBTQIA+ community and cancer, a scoping review methodology was utilized to identify knowledge and research gaps. This review examines literature published in the U.S, in academic journals between 1913 and 2021 to gain a greater understanding of how historical contexts, policy, and research have evolved alongside the growing visibility of the LGBTQIA+ community. The authors used a scoping review strategy outlined by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) to review the literature employing a comprehensive list of search terms for cancer and LGBTQIA+. Rayyan software was then utilized to organize the data as our team hand-searched the articles for inclusion (cancer, LGBTQIA) and exclusion (non-US, foreign language, prevention, screening) criteria. A total of 3,290 articles were included in the final analysis.

Citation Format: Sanford Jeames, Britteny Fernandez. Bridging the gap between cancer care service delivery and the sexual and gender minority communities: A scoping review of the literature [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A001.
Abstract A003: Delays in diagnosis of AYA breast cancer and lack of breast health education
Authors: Peters Missy
Published: January 2023

INTRO) The average AYA breast cancer patient is diagnosed at a higher stage and has a higher mortality rate compared to their 40+ counterparts [1,2,3]. Ruddy et al. (2014) establish a higher prevalence of delayed diagnosis in AYA patients [4]. Delays in treatment of just 6 weeks have been linked to poorer 5-year survival rates [5]. In this study, we attempt to confirm the findings of Ruddy et al. and further define factors affecting delays in diagnosis. METHODS) We distributed an online survey via social media outlets to women diagnosed <40 years old in the USA. We interpreted 455 responses. RESULTS) Our findings determined that 70% of respondents (n=320) made extra efforts after detecting an abnormality and taking steps to obtain a diagnosis. This includes those with prompt and delayed diagnosis. 36% of survivors faced delays in diagnosis (defined by 8+ weeks duration from detection to diagnosis). 62% of survivors say that a physician never educated them on breast health prior to diagnosis. 54% have not heard of breast self-awareness (BSA) and 54% incorrectly defined breast self-exams (BSE), suggesting confusion in this distinction. DISCUSSION) These data confirm earlier findings that 1) women under 40 face a significant rate of delayed diagnosis; and 2) patient perceptions and medical provider perceptions contribute to these delays. We propose that earlier diagnosis of breast cancer in young women will initiate quicker treatment interventions which have been shown to increase 5-year survival rates and lower long-term mortality rates in the AYA breast cancer population [5,6]. CONCLUSION) Greater efforts should be made to educate young women on breast health, and the medical community should be made aware of these challenges so they can properly evaluate and assist young women to receive a prompt diagnosis.

Citation Format: Missy Peters. Delays in diagnosis of AYA breast cancer and lack of breast health education [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A003.
Abstract A005: Inhibition of ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Andrews Christopher B. , Karanam Balasubramanyam , Yates Clayton
Published: January 2023

Adhesion-regulating molecule 1 (ADRM1) is a polyubiquitin receptor on the 26S proteasome. ADRM1 is upregulated in many cancers. In this study, we evaluated the potential prognostic and predictive value of ADRM1 in breast cancer patients. We determined the expression of ADRM1 and its relationship to breast cancer subtypes, using the Cancer Genome Atlas dataset that contained racial and clinical outcomes data totaling 1108 patients. The ADRM1 mRNA expression levels were divided into quartiles to designate the ADRM1 high versus low expression designation. Karanam et. al developed an orally available proteasome inhibitor bis-benzylidine piperidone (RA190), that binds to the ubiquitin receptor RPN13/ADRM1 on the 19S regulatory particle of the proteasome and directly kills cancer cells by triggering proteotoxic stress. RA190 binds to cysteine 88 of ADRM1/RPN13, triggering rapid accumulation of high-molecular-weight poly-ubiquitinated proteins resulting in apoptosis. Up284 is one of a second generation of small molecules that mimic RA190 activity. The objective of this study is to verify the role of ubiquitin receptor RPN13/ADRM1 in metastatic breast cancer samples of European American and African American patients and identify the safe combination of regimens of bortezomib in combination with Up289 to mitigate recurrence, metastasis and reduce mortality in AA TNBC/QNBC. Clinically, this will reveal a new, hitherto unknown targeted regimen for AA QNBC. From the biological perspective, it will provide insights into the underlying molecular changes that are associated with health disparities.Currently available treatments are unable to eradicate metastatic breast cancer specifically those classified as QNBC. Our preliminary analysis of Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) indicated that ADRM1 expression is highly expressed in AA versus EA breast cancer patients, resulting in a worse overall survival. Further analysis of ADRM1 in QNBC patients indicated that it was significantly elevated predominantly in African American patients with QNBC.

Citation Format: Christopher B. Andrews Jr., Balasubramanyam Karanam, Clayton Yates. Inhibition of ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A005.
Abstract A011: Whole genome sequencing of the Alabama Hereditary Cancer Cohort to identify African American breast cancer genetic risk variants
Authors: LoBue Troy , Mcneely Isaac , Merner Nancy
Published: January 2023

Regardless of having higher rates of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and breast cancer-related deaths, African Americans are drastically understudied in hereditary breast cancer research. Our group has established the Alabama Hereditary Cancer Cohort to carry out next-generation sequencing (NGS) to address this gap. These efforts aim to identify inherited breast cancer risk variants in African Americans. Interestingly, African American TNBC tumors have been investigated through NGS, identifying somatic mutations unique to African American breast cancer. Now, African American-specific variants associated with inherited risk need to be identified, including those in genes harboring somatic mutations in African American TNBC. This study carried out whole genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate inherited African American breast cancer risk. All coding and non-coding regions of the nuclear genome and the entirety of the mitochondrial genome were explored, all of which can play a role in hereditary breast cancer risk. Individuals provided a blood or saliva sample for DNA extraction upon study consent. Subsequently, paired-end Illumina sequencing was carried out. Fastq files were trimmed using Trimmomatic and further processed according to the Genome Analysis ToolKit Best Practices, resulting in variant call format (VCF) files. Coding, non-coding, and mitochondrial regions were individually extracted using VCFtools and UCSC Table Browser tracks. Coding and mitochondrial variants were annotated using Annovar and MSeqDR, respectively. Coding variants were further filtered for minor allele frequency (MAF) classes (i.e., rare and low-frequency) and mutation type (i.e., protein-truncating variants; PTVs) using R (v. 4.2). Preliminary WGS data of 60 African American hereditary breast cancer cases have identified statistically significant rare and low-frequency PTVs in genes reported to harbor somatic mutations exclusively in African American TNBC tumors. Furthermore, we have identified variants in prostate cancer susceptibility genes that are statistically associated with African American breast cancer risk. We have also identified multiple variants in the mitochondrial genome that are statistically linked to breast cancer risk, some African American-specific. Our data shows that WGS is an invaluable tool for identifying breast cancer susceptibility variants. Further sequencing and functional analyses will validate our preliminary findings.

Citation Format: Troy LoBue, Isaac Mcneely, Nancy Merner. Whole genome sequencing of the Alabama Hereditary Cancer Cohort to identify African American breast cancer genetic risk variants [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A011.
Abstract A117: Barriers to lung cancer screening in rural populations: A systematic review
Authors: Schwenk Alysa , Laynor Gregory , Leader Amy
Published: January 2023

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force currently recommends low-dose computed tomography for those at risk of lung cancer, the leading cause of all cancer deaths in the United States. While this screening has been proven to be effective at detecting lung cancer and reducing mortality, some populations, such as those living in rural areas, may encounter unique barriers to screening. To date, multiple studies have examined barriers to lung cancer screening among rural populations. This rapid review of the literature utilized a systematic approach to identify and summarize current barriers to lung cancer screening in rural populations. Using a precise search strategy, 354 articles from PubMed and Scopus were identified and screened via the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) process. Upon completion, 8 articles were included in the review. The majority of the studies focused on geographic access as a barrier, while one study focused on cognitive barriers to lung cancer screening. While geographic barriers focused on distance to the screening site as a barrier, cognitive barriers focused on knowledge, attitudes, awareness, the healthcare system (e.g., physician maldistribution, scheduling conflicts, etc.), and cost. Additionally, while these studies did identify barriers, there was little variation amongst studies, and no studies surveyed at risk individuals from rural areas. These findings indicate that more research needs to be conducted in identifying barriers to lung cancer screening. Once barriers among rural populations are known, community-based interventions to reduce those barriers will lead to increases in lung cancer screening in vulnerable rural populations.

Citation Format: Alysa Schwenk, Gregory Laynor, Amy Leader. Barriers to lung cancer screening in rural populations: A systematic review [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A117.
Abstract A118: Uptake of cervical cancer screening services in urban Zimbabwe: Healthcare provider perspectives
Authors: Shato Thembekile , Nwaozuru Ucheoma , Boakye Eric Adjei , Fu Qiang John , Iwelunmor Juliet , Kuhlmann Anne Sebert
Published: January 2023

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, Zimbabwe is among the top 6 countries with the highest cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates. Despite the disproportionate and growing burden, uptake of cervical cancer screening remains low. Little is known about the perceptions of healthcare providers who play a vital role in the provision and implementation of cervical cancer screening. This study explores healthcare provider perceptions of the factors that influence the uptake of cervical cancer screening in Zimbabwe. Methods: One-on-one in-depth interviews were conducted with healthcare providers currently or previously involved in cervical cancer prevention programs at select hospitals and clinics in Harare and Chinhoyi – two urban cities in Zimbabwe. A deductive thematic approach was used to analyze qualitative data to understand factors influencing the provision and uptake of cervical cancer screening. Results: We conducted 21 interviews with healthcare providers working in cervical cancer prevention for an average of 4 years. Three main themes related to the provision of cervical cancer screening were funding availability through donor support, demand of screening services, and availability of technical and human resources. Experiencing symptoms and no-cost screening services were perceived as facilitators for uptake of cervical cancer screening, while lack of adequate health education about cervical cancer and misconceptions about the screening procedure and outcomes were perceived as barriers to uptake of screening. Majority of the providers recommended increased sensitization and health education through various platforms; outreach initiatives; and training of more healthcare providers to conduct cervical cancer screening. Conclusion: This study contributes to a holistic understanding and identification of intervention points to effectively increase uptake of cervical cancer screening. Multi-level strategies promoting awareness of cervical cancer screening and strengthening healthcare systems may contribute significantly to increasing cervical cancer screening rates which in turn will lead to reducing the burden of cervical cancer in Zimbabwe.

Citation Format: Thembekile Shato, Ucheoma Nwaozuru, Eric Adjei Boakye, Qiang John Fu, Juliet Iwelunmor, Anne Sebert Kuhlmann. Uptake of cervical cancer screening services in urban Zimbabwe: Healthcare provider perspectives [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A118.
Abstract A131: The effective of mHealth intervention on hepatitis B virus screening among Asian Americans: A scoping review
Authors: Zhu Di , Zisman-Ilani Yarra , Roth Stephanie , Zhu Lin , Ma Grace X.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major health threats causing cancer. Asian Americans are especially vulnerable to HBV infection risk compared to other racial/ethnic groups in America. New mHealth interventions have promising potential to save lives by increasing HBV screening among racial/ethnic minority groups, but its scope, range, and uptake among Asian Americans are not clear. This study aims to scope the literature describing the research of mHealth interventions on HBV screening among Asian Americans. Methods. A scoping systematic review search is conducted in PubMed and Embase. Eligible studies focus on Asian Americans aged 18 years or older who have participated in an mHealth Hepatitis B screening. All types of mHealth interventions on HBV are relevant (e.g., health apps and text messages). Studies not published in the English language will be excluded. Results. A review protocol is developed. Next. We will covert our search strategy to Embase, Medline, and other databases to get more records. At present, title and abstract screening are under development. After that, full-text screening, data extraction, data management, quality assessment, and data synthesis and analysis will be conducted. Initial results will be discussed. Potential impact. The results of this scoping and systematic review could improve our understanding of mHealth HBV screening use and uptake among Asian Americans and inform the development of a future intervention to encourage mHealth HBV screening for this patient population. In the long run, it could encourage the development of a future tailored mHealth intervention to facilitate the HBV screening uptake among Asian Americans

Citation Format: Di Zhu, Yarra Zisman-Ilani, Stephanie Roth, Lin Zhu, Grace X. Ma. The effective of mHealth intervention on hepatitis B virus screening among Asian Americans: A scoping review [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A131.
Abstract B004: Decídetexto: A mobile smoking cessation intervention among Puerto Ricans in the US
Authors: Hernández-Torres Ruthmarie , Cartujano-Barrera Francisco , Chavez-Iñiguez Arlette , Ossip Deborah , Rivera M. Patricia , Castro-Figueroa Eida M. , Cupertino Ana Paula
Published: January 2023

Background: Puerto Ricans report the highest smoking rate (28.5%) among women and men compared to other Latino subgroups. Puerto Rican smokers are less likely to use smoking resources and quit smoking. Objective: To assess smoking behaviors and sociodemographic characteristics related to smoking cessation outcomes among Puerto Ricans in the United States. Methods: The study is a secondary analysis of the Decídetexto text message smoking cessation clinical trial, including 457 Latino smokers with access to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). The study included 111 Puerto Rican smokers (Decídetexto: 49; control: 62). Pearson Chi-squares were used for categorical dependent variables and point biserial correlation for continuous dependent associations with smoking cessation outcomes assessed at 6mo (quit attempts, number of cigarettes per day, quit attempts, and self-reported cessation). Results: Participants were largely middle-aged (49.6 years), women (52.3%), and more than half (69.4%) preferred the Spanish language. The mean number of cigarettes per day was 11.55 (SD=6.85), and they reported an average of 2.49 (SD=5.088) quit attempts in the last year. The majority of reported using menthol cigarettes (73.9%) and previously using medication (58.6%) and e-cigarettes (55%). A six-month, 7-day self-reported smoking abstinence was 24.3% (32.7% for Decídetexto and 17.7% for control). Previous quit attempts and education were significantly associated with the self-reported 7-day abstinence at six months year (rpb = .252, n = 111, p = .008; Χ2(4) = 10.772, p= .029 ). Age, gender, language preference, employment status, cigarettes per day, menthol cigarettes, and e-cigarette use were not related to 7-day self-reported smoking cessation. Conclusion: Decídetexto mobile smoking cessation is likely to facilitate smoking cessation among Puerto Ricans living in the US. Results from the present study will inform future randomized clinical trials for the understudied Puerto Rican Latino population with the highest smoking rate.

Citation Format: Ruthmarie Hernández-Torres, Francisco Cartujano-Barrera, Arlette Chavez-Iñiguez, Deborah Ossip, M. Patricia Rivera, Eida M. Castro-Figueroa, Ana Paula Cupertino. Decídetexto: A mobile smoking cessation intervention among Puerto Ricans in the US [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B004.
Abstract B063: C-STEPS- A Cancer Research Education Program for Undergraduates
Authors: Pimentel Monica F. Asencio , Sheche Judith , Mishra Shiraz I. , Kano Miria , Rodman Joseph
Published: January 2023

As a nation, we have made impressive advances in cancer prevention and control, reflected in improvements in incidence, mortality, stage of disease diagnosis, and survival. These gains are attributed, in part, to significant advances in cancer control and population sciences (CCPS) research in genomic science, behavioral interventions, cancer care delivery, and survivorship. However, minority status, rurality, literacy, and socio-economics continue to predict cancer health disparities. Continued progress, new scientific discoveries, and interventions that lead to health equity require a well-trained cancer and health focused workforce. The goal of the Cancer Research—Scholarship and Training Experiences in Population Sciences (C-STEPS) is to increase the biomedical and behavioral research workforce by providing specialized and experiential cancer research curricula and a mentored research experience to undergraduate students, held over 10-weeks during the summer on the University of New Mexico campus. C-STEPS is designed to facilitate and support undergraduates in their completion of a degree in a Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Health (STEM-H) field and to facilitate their selection of, and application to, graduate or professional schools, while encouraging their interests in cancer research careers. A pre and post-assessment tool was used to evaluate and measure C-STEPS student mentees’ interests, preparedness, progress, and knowledge gained. In addition, the evaluation surveys consisted of objective items rated on Likert scales in the domains of program logistics and career impact. At the end of the program, all C-STEPS research mentors completed a qualitative and quantitative survey to identify mentees’ research skills, engagement, and professionalism. Summary statistics were computed for each quantitative item and presented as summary means, and themes were gleaned from qualitative written comments. Overall satisfaction with the C-STEPS program is high. The majority of student mentees felt the program curriculum and instructions were clear, their mentors were of high caliber, and that they learned new research-related concepts and techniques. The mentors felt that mentees obtained new skills relevant to a career in research and gained experience necessary to attain future training and educational opportunities. Our analyses characterize the impact of the inaugural C-STEPS program and adds to the knowledge base of evaluation of STEM-H research education programs.

Citation Format: Monica F. Asencio Pimentel, Judith Sheche, Shiraz I. Mishra, Miria Kano, Joseph Rodman. C-STEPS- A Cancer Research Education Program for Undergraduates [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B063.
Abstract B133: Understanding the barriers to and attitudes toward integrative oncology for African Americans with cancer
Authors: Williams Chanda L. , Piawah Sorbarikor , Atreya Chloe , Stanfield Dalila , Levine Kendall , Yang Adrienne
Published: January 2023

Despite modern advances in screening, diagnosis, and treatment, Black individuals in the United States remain disproportionately affected by cancer and have the highest mortality and lowest survival for most cancers. There is minimal data on the uptake and acceptability of integrative oncology among Black individuals, likely due to a lack of diversity in study participants, poor accrual, and racial/ethnic or cultural differences in the acceptability of study interventions/instruments. Research lacks the acceptability of complementary approaches for cancer prevention/disease modification or management of cancer/treatment-related side effects in this population. Results from this pilot will guide efforts to enhance the recruitment of Black individuals to integrative oncology programs. This study will provide data to support integrative oncology programs specifically for Black patients with cancer. Findings will also help guide future research on what modalities are most efficacious and recommendations to increase engagement in research for this patient population. Future research might also facilitate an understanding of the mechanisms of action involved with these interventions.

Citation Format: Chanda L. Williams, Sorbarikor Piawah, Chloe Atreya, Dalila Stanfield, Kendall Levine, Adrienne Yang. Understanding the barriers to and attitudes toward integrative oncology for African Americans with cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B133.
Abstract C007: Reasons for pursuing genetic testing among young Black women with breast cancer
Authors: Roberson Mya L. , Reid Sonya , Pal Tuya
Published: January 2023

Introduction Genetic testing is an increasingly important part of cancer treatment for women with breast cancer diagnosed under age 45. There has been evidence about low testing uptake and barriers to genetic testing for eligible Black women but less is known about motivations for testing. The objective of this study was to assess reasons for pursuing genetic testing among young Black women with breast cancer. Methods Study participants were a population-based sample of self-identified Black women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer at or below age 50, recruited through the Florida and Tennessee state cancer registries. Participants were categorized into tested and not tested groups. Among the tested, participants were asked why they pursued testing and response options included to guide surgical decisions, chemotherapeutic decisions, radiation decisions, or to benefit family. Respondents were categorized into 4 groups: no motivation specified; treatment motivation only; family benefit motivation only; both treatment and family motivation. Logistic regression was used to estimate factors associated with type of motivation. Results In total, 175 women were eligible for inclusion, 135 women had received genetic testing, and 40 had not. Median age of breast cancer diagnosis was 43. Among tested women, 30 (22%) endorsed treatment motivation only, 69 (51%) endorsed family motivation only, and 31 (23%) endorsed both treatment and family motivation. Women who had daughters had higher odds of endorsing being motivated by family benefit (OR 3.87, 95% CI 1.98, 7.57). This relationship was not seen for having sons (OR 0.84, 0.49, 1.83), sisters (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.34, 1.77) or brothers (0.87, 0.43, 1.73). Among the 40 women who did not receive genetic testing, 24 (60%) indicated a lack of testing recommendation. Conclusions In our investigation, we found that a greater number of Black women were motivated to pursue genetic testing because of the potential benefit to family members rather than to guide treatment decisions. This finding was especially pronounced among women who had daughters. The null relationship between having sons or either gender sibling and motivation driven by family benefit may reflect greater awareness of BRCA associations with female breast cancer and low awareness of male breast and other BRCA associated cancers. Our findings suggest that conversations around the importance of genetic testing may need to go beyond the importance of guiding treatment decisions and include discussions around the potential benefit for family members.

Citation Format: Mya L. Roberson, Sonya Reid, Tuya Pal. Reasons for pursuing genetic testing among young Black women with breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C007.
Abstract C028: The differential burden of BRCA2 gene mutation in prevalent cancers in Nigeria: Any difference between Africa and the world?
Authors: Okoye Jude Ogechukwu , Emeka Chiemeka Michael , Obioma Okechi
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The high mortality rate among cancer patients in Africa has been attributed to the high rate of late-stage presentation, aggressiveness, and metastatic nature of the tumors. The manifestation of cancer has also been linked with mutation of DNA repair genes including BRCA1, evidenced by the lack of expression of the tumor suppressors in the affected tissue. However, in Africa, there is a paucity of studies on the frequency of BRCA2 gene mutation in prevalent cancers. This study determined the prevalence of BRCA2 mutation in common cancers in Nigeria in a bid to compare the disparity of the mutation between Africa and elsewhere. Methods: This retrospective study included 51, 54, 58, 48, and 55 viable formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded tissues of the breast, colorectal, endometrial, ovarian, and prostate cancers, respectively diagnosed between 2017 and 2019 in two tertiary health care facilities in Southern Nigeria. Tissues were stained for BRCA2 protein using the immunohistochemical technique, scored based on staining intensity, and documented as 0, +1, +2, and +3. Tissues with scores of 0 and +1 were considered negative whereas those with scores of +2 and +3 were considered positive. Descriptive, Chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation were carried out and significance was set at ≤0.05. Results: The mean age of women diagnosed with endometrial cancer was lower (41.34 ± 9.16 years) compared with breast, colorectal, ovarian, and prostate cancers (51.00 ± 10.98 years, 47.34 ± 14.73 years, 50.15 ± 12.29 years, and 72.66 ± 8.67 years, respectively). The prevalence of BRCA2 mutation was higher in endometrial cancer (78.4%) than in breast, colorectal, ovarian, and prostate cancers (41.5%, 25%, 54.2%, and 65.1%, respectively) at p< 0.001. There was a direct relationship between age and BRCA2 mutation among women with endometrial cancer (p= 0.005). Conclusion: This study suggests that the prevalence of BRCA2 mutation is high in Southern Nigeria and could be linked with the poor survival rate observed among cancer patients in West Africa.

Citation Format: Jude Ogechukwu Okoye, Chiemeka Michael Emeka, Okechi Obioma. The differential burden of BRCA2 gene mutation in prevalent cancers in Nigeria: Any difference between Africa and the world? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C028.
Abstract C031: Impact of pesticide exposure in West African Black men within the United States, Cameroon, and Nigeria
Authors: Asto-Flores Emelina , Crook Jennifer , Fathi Parisa , Odedina Folakemi
Published: January 2023

Background: Prostate cancer (CaP) significantly affects black men causing higher mortality rates especially within African and Caribbean countries. The Prostate Cancer Transatlantic Consortium (CaPTC) is a 10 year longitudinal study aimed at studying environmental, epidemiological and prostate cancer associated risk factors within black men of West African descent living in the United States (US), Cameroon, and Nigeria. Methods: Men ages 35- 70 years old, who identified as a US Black male or West African Black male immigrant in the US, were recruited from community-based organizations. Community- based organizations include local churches, health fairs and social organizations. Anthropometric, environmental, and epidemiological variables measures were collected via survey questions. Saliva samples were collected using Salimetrics. Mean and range from the survey questions were categorized and a logistical regression model was used to determine associations between variables. Results: Logistical analysis output for analysis of pesticide exposure and cancer diagnosis within the three countries, found participants in Nigeria who were exposed to pesticide use, to be a significant predictor of cancer diagnosis (p 0.013). The age of exposure was another variable analyzed to see whether there was a correlation between age of exposure in pesticide use and cancer diagnosis. No significant predictors were determined yet a reasoning to why a significance is not yet found could be due to many participants needing a closer examination into the consequences of early exposure to known carcinogens. Conclusion: Significant data was found between pesticide exposure and cancer diagnosis between the US, Cameroon, and Nigeria in West African Black men. Regarding age of pesticide exposure and the relation between cancer diagnosis, more data needs to be collected regarding these variables. Significance in determining pesticide use as a predictor for cancer diagnosis in black males, can lead to increased efforts in pesticide exposure education in addition to possible government reformation on laws regarding pesticide use.

Citation Format: Emelina Asto-Flores, Jennifer Crook, Parisa Fathi, Folakemi Odedina. Impact of pesticide exposure in West African Black men within the United States, Cameroon, and Nigeria [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C031.
Abstract C033: Investigating the differential roles of HMGA2 isoforms in the bone microenvironment
Authors: Campbell Taaliah , Hawsawi Ohuod , Henderson Veronica , Odero-Marah Valerie
Published: January 2023

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in American men. Compared to Caucasian men, African American males have a higher bone density, as well as mortality rate due to bone metastasis. Recent studies have shown that High Mobility Group A2 (HMGA2), a non-histone chromatin binding protein, plays a critical role in promoting metastasis. HMGA2 full-length/wild-type and truncated (without the 3’UTR) isoforms have been shown to be overexpressed in several cancers, however their distinct roles in metastasis have not been reported. Our laboratory focuses on tumor-micronenvironmental interactions. We have previously published that PCa cells degrades hydroxyapatite, the major inorganic component of bone, to release calcium which promotes paracrine cell proliferation and migration, and this signaling increases with increased bone density. We hypothesize that HMGA2 isoforms may play differential roles at the bone metastatic site and effect paracrine cell proliferation and migration. LNCaP PCa cell line stably overexpressing either full length or truncated HMGA2 was co-cultured with low (100 mg) or high (200 mg) hydroxyapatite or human bone matrix powder, for 6 days followed by collection of conditioned media (CM). CM was co-cultured with parental LNCaP cells for various time points followed by analysis of several signaling pathways using western blot analysis, as well as analysis of paracrine cell proliferation using MTS assay, and cell migration across collagen using boyden chamber. Results reveal that co-culture of LNCaP cells expressing WT and TR HMGA2 with bone components has a paracrine effect on MAPK signaling. This was accompanied by a paracrine increase in cell migration but not cell proliferation with CM from truncated HMGA2-expressing cells co-cultured with bone, that can be abrogated by MAPK inhibition. Our study shows that wild-type and truncated isoforms of HMGA2 may differentially mediate PCa/hydroxyapatite bone interactions at the bone metastatic site, which may contribute to bone metastasis, particularly in African American men that have higher bone density. Acknowledgements: These studies were supported by NIH/NIGMS/RISE SR25GM060414 and NIH/NIMHD 2U54MD007590; 5U54MD013376-8281.

Citation Format: Taaliah Campbell, Ohuod Hawsawi, Veronica Henderson, Valerie Odero-Marah. Investigating the differential roles of HMGA2 isoforms in the bone microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C033.
Abstract C059: SELENOF is a novel tumor suppressor and a new target to overcome breast cancer racial disparity
Authors: Ekyalongo Roudy C. , Zigrossi Alexandra , Flowers Brenna , Diamond Alan M. , Kastrati Irida
Published: January 2023

African American women die of breast cancer at a much higher rate than Caucasian women. While the reasons behind this racial disparity are multifactorial, recent findings point to biological components that remain to be fully elucidated. We have recently identified SELENOF as a new tumor suppressor in breast cancer. Consequently, its reduction or loss may drive disease progression and poor outcome. Conversely, we have shown that restoring SELENOF expression elicited anti-tumor activity. Therefore, therapeutic strategies to mitigate the loss of SELENOF may be exploited to improve outcome for patients affected by the loss of SELENOF. Based on two different Chicago-based cohorts, we reported that the breast tumors from African Americans exhibited a 5-10-fold higher frequency of SELENOF single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) compared to Caucasians; these genetic variations result in attenuated translation of SELENOF and thus reduced SELENOF levels. This is supported by preliminary data showing that SELENOF expression is significantly lower in breast tumors from African American patients compared to Caucasians, and lower SELENOF expression predicts shorter survival in these patients. Our goal is to elucidate the role of SELENOF in breast cancer and determine its impact on breast tumorigenesis. We hypothesize that either enhancing SELENOF levels or mimicking its downstream signaling can be exploited to mitigate the loss of SELENOF and elicit anti-tumor activity. Targeting tumor suppressors remains challenging. We identified the eukaryotic initiation factor 4a3 (eIF4a3) as a putative translational repressor of SELENOF, and our preliminary data shows that pharmacologic inhibition of eIF4a3 results in increased SELENOF protein levels. We also found that SELENOF overexpression induces cell death by engaging the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) to determine cell fate. The therapeutic strategies under investigation are likely to result in novel and more effective personalized medicine, and may help close the breast cancer racial disparity gap.

Citation Format: Roudy C. Ekyalongo, Alexandra Zigrossi, Brenna Flowers, Alan M. Diamond, Irida Kastrati. SELENOF is a novel tumor suppressor and a new target to overcome breast cancer racial disparity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C059.
Abstract C075: Increasing incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in the Hispanic population of the United States from 2006-2017
Authors: Kye Yae L. , Xie Cicilyn , Riva Hannah , Samaniego Michelle , Ramirez Fabiola , Fernandez Lorena , Alvarado Luis , Dwivedi Alok , Chacon Jessica
Published: January 2023

Melanoma is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States (US), and its incidence has been rapidly increasing within the past several decades. Previous studies have shown that individuals with darker skin tones are less likely to survive melanoma than those with lighter skin tones. Despite this increased morbidity in skin of color populations, limited studies have investigated how melanoma affects different races and ethnicities. Herein, we conducted a population-based registry study to assess the incidence and survival pattern of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) subtypes in the US from 2006 to 2017. In addition, we examined the four major histological CMM subtypes (superficial spreading, lentigo maligna, nodular, and acral lentiginous melanoma) and its distribution by race, gender, and tumor grade. Data from 17 population-based cancer registries from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute were reviewed, and 58,666 histologically confirmed cases of CMM were evaluated. Acral lentiginous melanoma was diagnosed predominantly in non-Hispanic whites (56%) and Hispanic whites (45%). Melanomas that were not of the four major histological CMM subtypes were predominant in the Asian (54%) and Black (77%) populations. Superficial spreading and lentigo maligna melanomas presented more commonly in males (69% and 63%, respectively). Nodular and lentigo maligna melanomas had the poorest survival rates (median of 26 and 21 months, respectively). The incidence rate of CMM has been steadily increasing in the Hispanic population, with Hispanic whites having the highest incidence of acral lentiginous melanoma when compared to other skin of color populations. Thus, it is important we continue to assess and trend the epidemiological characteristics of CMM subtypes. In addition, future studies should investigate the possible genetic and environmental factors that may be contributing to the increased incidence of CMM in skin of color populations and its associated morbidity.

Citation Format: Yae L. Kye, Cicilyn Xie, Hannah Riva, Michelle Samaniego, Fabiola Ramirez, Lorena Fernandez, Luis Alvarado, Alok Dwivedi, Jessica Chacon. Increasing incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in the Hispanic population of the United States from 2006-2017 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C075.