bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional hazards assessment of an integrated flight control system validation using model-based design
Authors: Savelev A , Lituev N , Olidaev E
Published: June 2020

Functional Hazard Assessment is the beginning of the work on the system safety assessment and it directly affects the design, safety and final cost of the project. Errors in the Functional Hazard Assessment can lead to insufficient system safety or unreasonably expensive development. The main purpose of the work is to introduce the Functional Hazard Assessment validation process which minimizes the risk of incorrect development of MC-21 aircraft Flight Control System. To achieve this goal, Model-Based Design methods are used as validation methods. The time benefit in detecting and isolating errors in algorithms and software with the help of the Model-Based Design is shown. Integrated Flight Control System which includes fly-by-wire control system and automatic flight control system of the Irkut’s airliner MC-21 safety requirements validation process using means of Model-Based Design is considered. As a result of the work, Integrated Flight Control System models were adapted for assessing functional hazards, and a user interface was developed for the flight crew to participate in the simulation of the failures.
Dynamic modification of the G Rasch’s logistic model for the tasks of examination the engineers’ knowledge
Authors: Kirillin A
Published: June 2020

Problem of efficient and safe operation of complex technical systems is always one of the most important in its life cycle. Analysis of the failures and emergencies statistics shows a trend in the growth of the human factor and a decrease of failures for technical reasons. Unfortunately, it is not possible to completely exclude human from the control system due to adherence to safety standards and industry requirements. However, issues of evaluating the professional suitability of personnel operating complex equipment, as well as issues of organizing and planning the training process, are becoming relevant. Based on a comparison of the statistical model of Georg Rasch, used to assess the preparedness of students and the degree of complexity of control tasks, with the dynamic universal model of reliability growth in the development process, used in various practical applications, a methodology for the analysis and planning of training effectiveness is developed. The algorithm of operation and application of the described methodology is illustrated by a number of examples. The dynamic modification of the presented Rasch’s statistical model allows predicting the degree of preparedness of homogeneous groups of students, thereby making it possible to plan the number of personnel training cycles for admission to work with complex and potentially dangerous technical systems.
Trends in the development of a digital quality management system in the aerospace industry
Authors: Kovrigin E , Vasiliev V
Published: June 2020

Taking into account the analysis of the literature on the development trends of the quality management system of aerospace industry organizations, it was concluded that today there is an acute question of creating effective information-analytical systems for making managerial and other decisions in the development and production of aerospace products, in particular aircraft engines. The purpose of this article is to develop a model of information-analytical system that allows to predict the level of quality in the development and production of aircraft engines. To achieve this goal, modelling methods were used, as well as information analysis and generalization. As a result of the study, a forecasting model and a quality control scheme for the development and production of aircraft engines at different stages of the life cycle were developed and tested, allowing getting a complete picture of it.
Study of the specific energy of universal electrode materials for hybrid ultra-high-volume capacitor systems
Authors: Sleptsov V V , Ushkar M N , Zinin Yu V , Shchur P A , Diteleva A O , Lwin K Z
Published: June 2020

The article discusses specific energy of universal electrode materials based on Busofit for ultra-high-volume capacitor systems and hybrid ultra-high-volume capacitor systems based on LiCoO2and MnO2, which can be used in as sources of pulsed power in satellite solar panel deployment systems and emergency door opening systems and emergency platforms in airliners, including the Airbus 380 jumbo jet. The electroimpulse metallization of electrode materials and dependence of specific energy on weight of LiCoO2and MnO2was described. It was shown that hybrid ultra-high-volume capacitor systems increase its energy intensity up to 5,5 times compared with UCS.
Study of high-frequency oscillations and waves in Hall thruster plasma using two-dimensional full kinetic axial-azimuthal model (2D 3V Full PIC)
Authors: Khmelevskoi I , Tomilin D , Lovtsov A
Published: June 2020

The paper presents the results of Hall thruster plasma simulation using a 2D3V axial-azimuthal Full PIC model. Two types of solution are investigated in detail for two different magnitude of the magnetic field. In the calculations, different types of azimuthal waves were observed. By their characteristics these waves can be corresponded to the electron drift instabilities, gradient-drift waves and ion plasma resonance. The ion plasma resonance was observed in calculations with the magnetic field increase.
Analysis of the power part architecture for short-medium-range aircraft control system with local hydraulic systems by reliability criterion
Authors: Postnikov S , Trofimov A , Smagin D
Published: June 2020

This article provides a comparative analysis of the traditional control system power part for a short-medium-range aircraft with a control system power part with local HS. Comparison is based on the criterion of reliability. As initial data, statistics on the probability of failures of the electrical system and hydraulic system and actuators. The considered architecture of the control system power part with local HS fully complies with the required standards for the control system reliability given in regulatory documents, such as AR-25 and CS-25. The considered architecture of the control system power part with local HS is commensurate with the reliability of a typical version of the control system power part architecture. The considered architecture of the control system power part with local HS fully complies with the required standards for the control system reliability given in regulatory documents, such as AR-25 and CS-25. The considered architecture of the control system power part with local HS is commensurate with the reliability of a typical version of the control system power part architecture and in some cases it is an order of magnitude superior.
Computational and experimental investigation of a weakly diverging ion beam source
Authors: Cherkasova M , Mogulkin A , Nigmatzyanov V , Obukhov V , Peysakhovich O , Popov G
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the idea of space debris removal by the ion beam. The main part of this idea is the ion source on the board of the spacecraft. The ion beam should be narrow, with small half-angle of divergence - about 2°. Angle of divergence means that in there are 95% of ions in this angle. Authors show the concept of the slotted ion optic system. Based on calculation, the construction of the ion optic was designed and tested as part of the laboratory model of the ion source. The results obtained during the experimental testing verified the possibility of using an ion source of such type as an ion injector, which can be installed on board a next-generation spacecraft for the removal of space debris objects.
Deformed state of viscoelastic bodies in one problem of tidal interaction
Authors: Zlenko A
Published: June 2020

In our previous articles we considered the motion of two viscoelastic bodies in the gravitational field of a massive material point. We studied the evolution of the bodies, stationary solutions and their stability. We solved the equations of translational-rotational motion of the bodies together with the equations of their deformed state, using the method proposed by V G Vil’ke for the systems with infinite numbers of degrees of freedom. In our manuscript we continue our research and our aim is to get the global characteristics of the bodies, deformed by tidal forces: their shape, moments of inertia, the tidal lag angle, the relationship between the viscosity coefficient and the lag angle, tidal torques, internal material properties, depending on elastic constant and viscosity coefficient. It is very important for study of an evolutional motion of the celestial bodies, since tides affect this. In order to achieve this goal we use the tidal potential perturbation and displacements of each point of the bodies. The formulation of the problem, goal set and used methods are the novelty of our research. We applied our theory to the Earth, and it was found that the Earth’s substance (in global) behaves like an auxetic.
Criterion for evaluation of erosion of aviation engine parts from polymer composite materials
Authors: Ravikovich A Y , Kholobtsev D P , Arkhipov A N , Shakhov A S
Published: June 2020

A criterion is proposed for assessing the reliability of parts made of polymer composite materials in the event of sand and dust entering the compressor during take-off and landing. Conducting erosion tests with a concentration of abrasive particles corresponding to a conventional dust stream is practically impossible due to their long duration. When conducting tests with a high concentration that is several orders of magnitude higher than the concentration of a conventional stream, the reliability of the estimate is reduced due to the need to extrapolate the results to a large resource. Therefore, to improve the accuracy of the assessment of the erosion resistance of engine parts from polymer composite materials, it is proposed to conduct periodic measurements of the thickness of the part during operation. By calculating the dynamic eigenfrequencies and oscillation shapes and maximum static stresses, the critical thickness of the part is established, below which its eigenfrequency approaches the dangerous rotor harmonics.
The influence of the weld line location on the mechanical characteristics of lugs from short fibers reinforced composite material
Authors: Kurkin E I , Spirina M O , Zakhvatkin Ya V , Chertykovtseva V O
Published: June 2020

The work is devoted to assessing the influence of the weld line on the mechanical characteristics of lug from short-reinforced composite material PA6 Aramid SV 30-1ETM. Lug molding process was calculated in Moldex3D, including prediction of weld line position and fiber orientation. Static structural analysis was done in ANSYS Workbench with nonlinear anisotropic material model, constructed in Digimat MX by reverse engineering. For failure prediction Tsai Hill 3D transversely isotropic model with FPGF (PGA) formulation was used. The ultimate load is taken as the minimum load at which the maximum value of the FPGF criterion reaches unity. Three cases of melt entrance point position was compared. The smallest stiffness and strength were shown by lug in which the weld line located closest to the maximum values of the strength criterion.
The influence of network structure on quality of satellite corrections for precise point positioning in GNSS
Authors: Podkorytov A
Published: June 2020

Network solution and user solution for precise point positioning in global navigation satellite systems are considered in the study. GPS ionosphere-free observation model with decoupled clocks is used for applying the procedure of ambiguity resolution of phase measurements. Four different variants of network solution based on European stations from a network of International GNSS service are considered. The other two variants of network solution are based on stations from a network of Russian satellite based augmentation system. Six investigated variants of network solution are varied in number of stations, total area, receiver types, configuration and measurements quality. Network products computed in different variants of network solution are then used for the user solution with applying the procedure of ambiguity resolution of phase measurements. The influence of network structure on accuracy and convergence time of precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution of phase measurements is analyzed. The properties of network structure are listed and described. Obtained precise point positioning results are averaged and discussed.
Time series forecasting by global optimization method
Authors: Balyk V , Balyk E , Vakulchuk V
Published: June 2020

The actual problem of time series forecasting associated with the choice of the type of forecasting functions is considered. The aim of the work is to develop a new forecasting method, in which, along with the construction of the predictive function, the values of the predicted characteristics are directly optimized at the entire depth of the forecast. The developed method belongs to the class of probabilistic statistical forecast methods and partially to the class of feedback methods. Typical representatives of the methods of these classes are correlation and regression analysis, factor and variance analysis, statistical modeling. In the new method the predictive function is constructed in the basis of trigonometric polynomials, which leads to multi extremality of the forecasting problem. In this regard, to solve the problem of forecasting, the method of global optimization, hereinafter called the criterion shifts method, is used. The developed forecasting method allows solving a wide range of practical forecasting problems. Since the method of global solution search is used, it guarantees the exact finding of the predicted characteristics obtained as a result of their optimization by the criterion of regularity. The results obtained in this article showed high accuracy.
Acceptable range parameters of asymmetry of spacecraft descending in the Martian atmosphere
Authors: Kurkina E V
Published: June 2020

The article discusses the technique to determine the region of admissible deviations of the asymmetry parameters of the spacecraft descending in the atmosphere from their nominal values. The effect of the principal resonance is taken into account. The uncontrolled descent of a spacecraft in the Martian atmosphere is considered for small asymmetry and a small angle of attack. A numerical simulation was carried out using this technique to determine the range of admissible restrictions of the parameters of the displacement of the mass centre of the spacecraft, the moments of inertia and aerodynamic moments due to small shape distortions.
Modeling and Simulation of Wastewater Electrocoagulation Reactor
Authors: Al-Barakat Huda Saeed. , Matloub Falah Kaify. , Ajjam Sata Kathum. , Al-Hattab Tahseen Ali.
Published: June 2020

Electro-Coagulation (EC) method is the most effective electrochemical treatment of the wastewater that contains heavy metals as pollutants such as (lead compounds). It is consumed less energy compared with the other conventional methods. In this work, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling approach for the simulation of the EC unit was studied. Transport of species, current-voltage distribution, and fluid flow were simulated using the diffusion, Nernst-Planck, and Navier-Stokes equations, respectively. The commercial software (COMSOL 5.4) was used to solve the system of equations that govern this problem. The influence of different parameters such as Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) (15-45 min), applied voltage (2-10v) rotating speed of electrode (0-150 rpm) on the EC reactor also has been studied. The extracted results from the simulation show how the voltage, current, velocity and concentration of the pollutant and coagulant are distributed in the reactor. Besides, the transient behavior of the lead removal from the water was demonstrated in this work. The obtained results from this study were compared with experimental results. The theoretical results showed a good prediction of lead removal from water by electrocoagulation system and they showed good agreement between predictive and experimental data.
Experimental Behavior of Continuous Hybrid Reinforced Concrete Spliced Girders
Authors: Aljanabi A Y , Hassoon A H
Published: June 2020

This paper conducts an experimental study on the behavior of two-spans continuous reinforced concrete spliced girders strengthened using steel fiber concrete of volume fraction of 1% at splice regions and side near surface mounted carbon fiber reinforced polymer bars of 6 and 10 mm sizes. Five beams with 150 × 250 mm rectangular cross section and 2200 mm total length were cast. The first beam was cast as one unit without joints as a reference while the rest were made from assemblage of three precast segments spliced together using cast in place concrete joints of 170 mm length located at the inflection points. All girders were tested using a single concentrated force at each midspan. The studied parameters were: existence of splices, using of steel fiber concrete at splice region, and strengthening of spliced girders using side near surface mounted carbon fiber reinforced polymer bars. The results showed that existence of splices led to a decrease in the ultimate capacity of the spliced girder of about 33.1% with larger midspan deflections in comparison with the non-spliced girder. But, strengthening of spliced girders using CFRP bars could provide additional load capacity from 69.1% to 98.1% compared with the non-strengthened spliced girder with lower midspan deflections while steel fiber concrete at joints raised the ultimate load of spliced girders by 12.3%. However, the failure mode of the spliced beams were brittle if compared with the ductile failure of the control girder.
Design and Implementation a New Real Time Overcurrent Relay Based on Arduino
Authors: Hameed Ali Abdulsattar , Sultan Ahmed Jasim , Bonneya Mehdi F
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the new design and implementation of single phase overcurrent protection relay based on an Arduino NANO.. The relay is an electromagnetic switch which operated depending upon the input signal that can turn it (ON/OFF) when the measuring current is greater than of the sitting current. The proposed relay provides greater operating flexibility, high sensitivity, reliability, high speed, simple controller. This relay is designed and tested on the electric system, depending on the use of the controller.The experimental results from the electrical system test emerged efficiency and speed of the response system to protect it from any fault.
Effect of Spraying Nano Fertilizers of Potassium and Boron on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Noaema Ali Hulail , leiby Haider R. , Alhasany Ali R.
Published: June 2020

The experiment was carried out in one of the agricultural fields during the agricultural season 2018/2019 of Al- Rumaytha city 25 km north of Almuthanna province, to know the effectiveness of spraying Nano fertilizers of potassium and boron on the yield and growth of wheat crop. The experiment was laid out as split- plot within R.C.B.D. with three replicates were fertilizer of Nano potassium placed in the main plates with three concentrations (zero, 4, 8 gm−1) which symbolized by the symbol (K0, K1, K2) on the sequence, while Nano boron fertilizer was placed in the sub-plates with three concentrations (0, 1.5, 3 mg.L−1) were symbolized by (B0, B1, B2) on the sequence by using the full random sectors R.C.B.D with 3 replicates.

Results indicated that spraying by potassium nanoparticles with highest concentration of 8 m. L−1, showed a significant increase in many features of growth and yield, giving the highest mean of chlorophyll content (194.56 mg. m2), and plant height (98.24 cm). In addition, some of the components of the crop and the yield was increased the number of spikes (16.41%), the number of grain spike (8.29%), the grain yield (17.94%) and biological yield (14.31%). There was no significant effect between spray treatment and lack of weight on 1000 grains. In addition, the results showed that there were significant differences when increasing the concentrations of Nano boron in the solution, where concentration about 3 ml. L−1 in content of chlorophyll in leaves and the plant height. In addition, there were significant differences in some traits; the highest concentration (3 ml.l−1) gave the highest average number of spikes (395.90 spikes. m2), the number of grains per spike (56.64 grains.spike−1), total yield of seed (6761 kg.ha−1) and the biological yield (14533 kg. ha−1). While no significant due to boron treatment in the number and weight of 1000 grains.

The interaction between spraying Nano potassium and boron showed a significant effect on leaf chlorophyll content and the number of spikes per square meter only.
Analysis of Generation Means for Yield and Its Components in Tomato Crosses
Authors: Al-GUMAR Majid Khlaif , Ahmad Mohamad
Published: June 2020

Generation mean analysis was studied among hybridization of local cultivated tomato(P1) with wild type(Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium) (P2), the F1 plants was selfed for F2 seeds and backcrossed to get 6 tomato genotype plants P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1F1 and BC2F1 plants were planted in a randomized block design with three replications. The experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Department, University of Mosul. The results showed that The genetic parameters was additive for number of fruits/plant vit c, plant height, number of seeds / fruit,and fruit weight. Whereas the dominant effect was significant for: flower number/cluster fruit weight(g), plant height (cm) and total yield of fruits. The values of F1, BC1F1 and BC2F1 genotypes were exceeded their parents in the characters: of yield and number of fruits per cluster, Vit C, TSS%, and were under the control of duplicate epistasis while the number of locules per fruit was governed by complementary gene interaction.
Determining the impacts of environmental parameters on model microbial community dynamics isolated from Rustumihia WWTP/Iraq
Authors: Noor T , Ralebitso-Senior T K , Sarker M , Wright D
Published: June 2020

The composition of Rustumihia microbial community and their diversity with o-xylene-contaminants were investigated by applying molecular techniques, Polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR and DGGE) via investigating 16S rRNA gene fragments and understand the interrelationships between microbial community composition and structure for established microbial model community isolated from Rustumihia WWTP. To this end, that the established consortium could be used to assess the microbial response as defined by diversity and richness shifts, which are linked to changes in growth conditions. In this research paper a synthetic consortium was created by isolating indigenous microbial community members from the Rustumihia WWTP and subjecting consortium to different pH of (6.5, 7.0 and 7.5) and o-xylene concentrations of (0.5, 5 and 50 Mm) and temperatures (25°C, 35°C, 45°C and 55°C).

The results of this study indicated that the high o-xylene concentration of 50 mM was tolerated and degraded effectively at 35°C and 55°C, and pH 6.5 (P < 0.001). Bacterial richness and diversity were recorded according to the Hill parameters of 0
D, 1
D and 2
D under each of the growth conditions, and then linked to the o-xylene degradation efficiency. At 35°C and pH 6.5, the consortium achieved high degradation percentage for each of 0.5, 5 and 50 mM of o-xylene with values 73.1%, 94.8% and 63.08%, respectively. The current study is the first of its kind in Iraq. It investigates the enrichment, isolation, and identification of a microbial community from the Rustumihia WWTP and determines the efficiency of the isolates to tolerate and degrade o-xylene, highlighting their sole source of hydrocarbon. This research underscores the usefulness of molecular techniques for both diversity and richness to understand the ecological impact of o-xylene as a contaminant and to identify potential molecular techniques for detection of gene that is responsible for o-xylene degradation.
Synthesis and characterization of Ag nanoparticle inter Nickel/Aluminum-layer double hydroxide nano hybrids compounds
Authors: Alkhafaji Eussur N
Published: June 2020

This study describes the synthesis of nano hybrids compounds as silver nanoparticles AgNPs inter Ni-Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nano hybrid by ion exchange method. Ag as Ag NPs by reduce agent in starch solutions. The produced AgNPs are integrated on LDH surface. The material was characterized by X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infare spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and UV-Visible spectrophotomer. The expanded interlayer spacing of the Ag NPs/Ni-Al-LDH nano hybrid suggests the successful encapsulation of Ag NPs with Ni-Al-LDH. The prepared Ag NPs/Ni-Al-LDH nano hybrid compound could be suitable to use in future antimicrobial and anti bacterial applications, the make use of, more than 99% of all types of bacteria can be killed, also the AgNPs-LDH can also efficiently inhibit the bacterial growth and prevent the bio film formation in the nutrient solutions. These recently Ag NPs-LDH may offer a talented antimicrobial solution for clinical and environmental applications.
Synthesis and identification of some new amide alkaloids compounds from the extraction of cauliflower
Authors: Alkuwaity Dr. Eman Abdul wahab
Published: June 2020

The present study includes synthesis of new amide alkaloid derivatives from cauliflower alkaloids extracted by petroleum ether. the cauliflower is from species called (Brassiceoleracea). The resulting compound(botrytis alkaloid) react with ethanol alcohol to produced (ester alkaloid)then react with different amino acid (Phenyl alanine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Histidine, glutamine & asparagine) to give amid alkaloid derivates. The chemical structure of these compounds were identification by spectral techniques.
Synthesis of Novel Chitosan-Grafted-Derivatives Nano Cationic Polymers as Antitumor Agents
Authors: Al-Lami H S. , Zaboon M H , Saleh A A.
Published: June 2020

Chitosan obtained from isolated chitin of shrimp shells by a modified chemical method with a high degree of deacetylation to improve its solubility. This was undergoing a graft copolymerization process to prepare acetyl chitosan (NACS), acetyl chitosan grafted polylactide (NACS-g-PLA), chitosan grafted polylactide (CS-PLA), and polylactide chitosan grafted poly(ethylene glycol) (CS- PLA-g-PEG) nanoparticles. They characterized by FT-IR and 1HNMR. Chitosan and its derivative nanoparticles morphology examined using SEM and average nanoparticle size counted by ImageJ program. After treatment with chitosan derivative nanoparticles (1 mg/mL) at various time intervals (24, 48 and 72 hour) for three different models of human breast cancer cell lines which are BT, MCF-7 and SKBR3 cell lines, the cell proliferation, cell viability percentage, and genotoxicity as a DNA fragmentation index (%DFI) were analysed by MTT assay, and flow cytometry techniques. The results displayed that CSNPs and its derivatives NACS-g-PLA, CS-g-PLA NPs, and CS- PLA-g-PEG, have strong antitumor activities by inducing in vitro treated BT, MCF-7, and SKBR3 cell lines as a highly significant effect, (p < 0.001) on cell proliferation growth as observed with untreated control cells in a different pattern. Furthermore, it can be said since genotoxicity results that prepared polymers NPs were considered as slight /or no effect on the nucleic material of the BT cell lines, as demonstrated as %DFI in compare with positive and negative control samples.
Study the Photo-degradation of poly styrene –co-butadiene in presence of Ni complex and TiO2
Authors: Kadhium Shrooq S. , Hussen Emad M. , Mageed Zainab N. , Abed Asia H. , Mohammed Hamid H.
Published: June 2020

In this work, the induced photo-degradation of poly styrene –co-butadiene films in the air has been studied (for 400 hr.) in the presence and absence of TiO2 dye and Ni complex, benzyl bis(benzoylhydrazone) Ni, as a photosensitizer by accelerated weathering tester, which are accomplished with the use of the Ultraviolet radiation at λ = 313nm, intensity of light of 3.490*10−5 Einstein/dm3.S at 45°Ctemperature. The rate of the photo-degradation has been followed with an increase in the polymers, hydroxyl and carbonyl absorbance of the use of the UV-visible and infrared (IR) spectra respectively and viscometer measurement. The addition of (0.1 wt %) of TiO2 dye and Ni complex to poly styrene –co-butadiene films (25μm thick) improved the photo-degradation of polymer films, and the photo-degradation with Ni complex higher than the photo-degradation of polymer with TiO2 dye where the degradation constant for Ni complex in polymer is higher than TiO2 dye.
Spectrophotometric evaluationof methyldopa in pure and pharmaceutical formulation using Ecological-friendly Method
Authors: Alaallah Nisreen jassam , Dhahir Saadiyah Ahmad , Ali Hameed Hussein
Published: June 2020

Asimple, low cost, precise and fast spectrophotometric methods development for estimation of methyldopa are described. The primary method which includes conversion of methyldopa to colored complex with Fe (II) in the alkaline medium (PH=12). The colored product has a violet color with absorbance at λmax555 nm. Between the concentration range (5-50 μg⋅mL−1), the Beer s law is obeyed with correlation coefficient (R2= 0.9994), limit of detection as 0.1641 μg⋅mL−1, limit of quantification as 0.541 μg⋅mL−1and molar absorptivity as 1562.22 L⋅mol−1⋅cm−1. The other technique, cloud point extraction was utilized to determination of a trace amount of the colored product in the previous method followed by measuring with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The linearity of calibration curvewas above the range of (1-50 μg⋅mL−1), the correlation coefficient (R2= 0.9991) and molar absorptivity was 6080 L⋅mol−1⋅cm−1. The detection limit(LOD) and quantification limit(LOQ) were based to be 0.0486 and 0.160 μg⋅mL−1respectively. This technique was successfully employed for methyldopa detection within the pure and pharmaceuticalpreparations.
Evaluation Solvent Level Effect on Sugar Yield during Microwave-Assisted Pretreatment
Authors: Ethaib Saleem , Omar R. , Siti Mazlina M.K. , Dayang Radiah A.B. , Zuwaini M.
Published: June 2020

An efficient pretreatment step is essential to ensure maximum and economical recovery of the fermentable sugar from enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Microwave-assisted pretreatment was found to be a good alternative of conventional heating pretreatment of acid or alkali due to its direct heating of sample which reduce the energy consumption. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of using very diluted solvent (acid and alkali) on monomeric sugar yield during microwave-assisted pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass (sago palm bark wastes). The changes of the surface structure of untreated and pretreated lignocellulosic biomass were detected using SEM analysis. Three solvents were employed at three concentrations (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 N). The solvents that utilized in the microwave-assisted pretreatment were sulphuric acid (MA), sodium hydroxide (MH) and sodium bicarbonate (MB) and compared with distilled water (MW). Sago palm bark (SPB) was soaked in these solvents as a substrate at 5% w/v and subjected to microwave power at 800 W in a modified household microwave oven for 5 minutes. Immersing feedstock in distilled water and heating using microwave heating released 5.32 mg/g of monomeric sugar. Highest yield of monomeric sugar was found using 0.1N H2SO4which yielded 10.28 mg/g during. Applying the pretreatment using the similar concentrations of NaOH and NaHCO3released 9.35 and 4.31 mg/g of monomeric sugar, respectively. Decreasing chemical solvent level from 0.1 to 0.05 and 0.01 N shows a negative influence on sugar yield for MA and MH pretreatment while MB pretreatment displays a positive effect by extracting some useful components such as xylose.
Two New Classes of Integral Type Condition for a Set Valued Mapping in Complete Partial Metric Spaces
Authors: khaleel Liqaa J , Ahmed Buthainah A A
Published: June 2020

In our paper, we make two new extensions for the integral type condition for a set valued mapping in a complete partial metric space (Y, p):

1-

ψ
(

∫
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(
G
x
,
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)

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)
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)
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,
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)

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−
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)

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)
 
 
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∈
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d
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≤
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And by using these two conditions we prove that a set valued mapping can have a fixed point in a complete partial metric space. Finally we illustrate each condition by an example as an application for these two theorems.
Duo and Projective Gamma Acts
Authors: Abbas Mehdi S , Saied Samir M
Published: June 2020

Let M be a Γ-monoid and A a unitary right MΓ-act, two concepts projective and duo on gamma acts have been introduced. Several characterizations of projective and duo are given. We prove projectivity in gamma acts has dual basis using to prove relationship between duo and Γ-multiplication.
Monomial Bases for Free Post-Lie Algebras
Authors: Al-Kaabi M. J. H.
Published: June 2020

Many attempts have been made to describe bases for the post-Lie algebra, using many types of Lie bases. Here, we try to describe special kind of post-Lie bases using those bases described in the pre-Lie (respectively Lie) contexts, founded before in [8, 9]. In addition, we try to understand the effect of the second operation of the post-Lie structure on the form of these bases, using some cases of the generating set, and translate it in terms of rooted trees.
Direct Sum and Projectivity of SemiHollow-Lifting Modules
Authors: Dheyab Anfal Hasan , kadhim Zahraa jawad , Hussain Mukdad Qaess
Published: June 2020

Let ℝ be a ring with identity and let T be a unitary left Module over ℝ. In this paper, we give some cases when a direct sum of hollow Modules is semihollow-lifting, Also; we give a condition under which a direct sum of two Modules is semihollow-lifting,
On Separation Axioms With Soft-J-Semi-g-Open Sets
Authors: Mohammad R J , Esmaeel R B
Published: June 2020

In this article, the notions of soft closed sets were introduced by using soft ideal and soft semi-open sets, which are soft-J-semi-g-closed sets "sJsg-closed" where many of the properties of these sets were clarified. Some definitions of near open soft functions, near and near soft continuous functions were offered like; soft Jsg-open functions, soft J
*sg-open functions, soft J
**sg-open functions, soft Jsg-continuous functions, strongly soft Jsg-continuous functions and soft Jsg-irresolute-functions. Some kinds of separation axioms and convergence in sequences were studied by using soft-J-semi-g-open sets like; sJsg-T
0space, sJsg-T
1-space, sJsg-T
2-space.

Many figures and propositions have been studied the relationships among these kinds of near soft functions with some examples were explained.
Application between the characteristic-free resolution and Lascoux resolution in the skew- shape (8,6,3)/(u,1) where u = 1 and 2
Authors: Abd-Alridah Shaymaa N. , Hassan Haytham R.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this work is survey an application of the characteristic-free resolution and Lascoux resolution of K(8,6,3)/(u,1) F where u = 1 and 2, also we survey the connection between the resolution of Weyl module in this case of each mode for the same skew-partition.
Video Images Enhanced by using Sigmoid-Logarithm Transform
Authors: kareem Hana H. , Habeeb Rabab. M.
Published: June 2020

It is challenging to enhance contrast in video images, because of the irregularity of contrast and lightness in each frame, and the long processing time to improve. In this research, we suggested a new method relied on sigmoid logarithm transform (SLT). In the video image, the SLT used to enhance lighting component in the HSV color space. To know the ability of enhancement the proposed method was compared with other methods as histogram equalization (HE), Multi Scale Retenix with Color Restoration (MSRCR) and non-traditional as Fusion at Weakly Illuminated Images (FWII), Depending on the average Natural Image Quality Evaluator (NIQE), Mean Squared Error for Hue (MSEH), Mean Squared Error for Saturation (MSES) for each video. By analyzing the results, it was found that the proposed algorithm has good results in the contrast and lightness enhancement.
Improved WKB Approximation for Nuclear Fusion Reactions
Authors: Musa Hayder J. , Majeed Fouad A. , Mohi Ali Taher
Published: June 2020

In this study, we have developed a mathematical approach to enhance the calculation of the probability of the WKB approximation in the semiclassical approach. This enhanced method was applied to study the total cross section of fusion reaction σfus
, the barrier distribution of fusion Dfus
and the probability of fusion Pfus
for the light systems 6Li+64Zn, 13C+48Ti and 16O+46Ti. A quantum coupled-channel calculation is conducted using CC code with all order coupling to compare it with the calculations of the semiclassical method before and after improvement of the WKB probability. The improved approach used with WKB enhances the semiclassical calculations and more closer our theoretical results to the measured data to be in more agreement with the treatment of quantum mechanics which agrees with the measured data for the total reaction cross section σfus
, the distribution of fusion barrier Dfus
and the probability of fusion Pfus
.
Design and Evaluation of Refractive Multifocal Intraocular Lenses Implanted within the Human Eye
Authors: Hashim Hussein T. , Al-Hamdani Ail H. , Rashid Hayfa G.
Published: June 2020

In this paper, optimum design of three classic model have been proposed, for refractive multifocal intraocular lenses (singlet, doublet, triplet-MIOLs) implanted within human eye (Liou & Brennan model). The analysis were carried out with ZEMAX-EE optical software through the polychromatic functions; MTF, PSF, spot diagram and (longitudinal-, Sphero-) chromatic aberration in addition to comparison with healthy eye. Due to good biocompatibility, AR40N Allergan and AcrySof SA60AT were used to design refractive MIOLs in unique and / or dual combination. Correction of the spherical aberration and longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) within 5° of visual field and 4 mm of pupil diameter were performed over the spectral region (455-655 nm). Result indicate that for all MIOLs proposed design (pseudophakic eye) sharp vision was achieved for a set of distances within range (25-108cm) but still much less than in healthy eye and pseudophakic eye with triplet-MIOLs implanted was the best model.
Investigation the Nonlinear Optical properties of Silver Nanoparticles Using Femtosecond Laser
Authors: Al-Isawi AL-Aboud Wahed , Mezher M. H. , Ghazi Zahid Ali. Z. , Alasady Heba Abdul-Jaleel , Yousif S. T. , Al-alyawy Maitham , Chong W. Y. , Zakaria R. , Shaari Sahbudin , Mezher Ali. H. , Musawy Hala. , Al-Isawi Saad H , Muzher Afyaa. H , Taher Jaber.k. , Jaber A. R. , Latef A. Q. , Saleh B. S.
Published: June 2020

In this research, the fabrication of silver nanoparticles and experimental nonlinear response (NLO). The fabrication of the silver nanoparticles has been done using E-Beam evaporation on a glass substrate (Ag-NPs) and investigation of their nonlinear optical response (NLO). The silver nanoparticles was evaluated by optical spectrum (UV-Vis) that shows localized surface Plasmon band at 375 nm. The experiment shows the nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction effect of silver nanoparticles, the silver nanoparticles is analysed by Z-Scan technique using a femtoseconds laser with 800 nm wavelength. The result shows the nonlinear absorption (NLA) is at 4.87×10−4cmW−1, while (NLR) is at 7.94×10−9cm2W−1.
Design and simulation of localized surface plasmon resonance-based fiber optic chemical sensor
Authors: Al-Saady Murtadha Faaiz S. , Albarazanchi Abbas K. H. , Mohammed Firas S.
Published: June 2020

In this work, localized surface plasmon resonance based fiber optic (LSPR-FO) sensor utilizing gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with different sizes is theoretically constructed and analyzed. Three layers (fiber core, Au NPs, and the Analyte) configuration designed by using the matrix method. Performance parameters such as sensitivity, signal to noise ratio, the figure of merit, and resolution of the sensor are evaluated for each size of Au NPs. As a result, sensitivity and resolution exhibit no change with Au NPs size change while the signal to noise ratio and figure of merit decrease as Au NPs size increase. This work shows that the optimized LSPR-FO sensor may have highly promising applications in chemical sensing.
Experimental Studies of the Effective Sintering Temperature on Electrical and Structural Properties of HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ Compound
Authors: Nsaif Firas Kadhim , Jasim Kareem Ali , Wadi Kassim Mahdi , Alshafaay B. , Khazaal Ahlam Rashid
Published: June 2020

: The HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ specimens are manufactured via solid status interaction process at various temperature of sintering at ( 1073, 1123 and 1173 ) K. All the specimens in the immediately studied were submited to common constructional description by X - radiation deviation. The X - radiation deviation data combined from different samples agree with ( Hg - 1223 ) stages, then the investigations indicated that tetragonal construct for all specimens with an increasing in the dimension c to 15.87 A and reducing the mass density (ρM ) to 1.481 g / cm3 at 1173 K. The four - sensor procedure was achieved to detection the transition temperature ( Ts ), then it raised from 116 K to 121 K with increasing sintering temperature from 1073 K to 1123 K and decreased to 109 K at 1173 K.
Study the partial substitution for Sr at the Ba on the properties of Tl1.6Hg0.4Ba2-ySryCa2Cu3O10δ5 superconductors
Authors: Ali Alyaa Hamid , Ali Abdul Kareem Dahash , Jasim Kareem Ali
Published: June 2020

In the present study we have reported realization simultaneous effect substitution of strontium at the barium layer of Tl1.6Hg0.4Ba2-ySryCa2Cu3O10+δ superconductor. Samples of bulk polycrystalline have been prepared by the reaction of solid state process. Four probe technique, is used to find the transition temperature Tc. It was found that the critical temperatures at zero resistivity Tc(Offset) are Tc(Offset) were 95, 115 and 125Kand Tc(on) were 45,40 and 45K for Tl1.6Hg0.4Ba2-ySryCa2Cu3O10+δ with y = 0, 0.1 and 0.2 respectively. The X-ray diffraction study showed that all prepared samples have tetragonal structure, with a clear change in the constants of lattice with strontium-substituted samples compared to this without strontium. It has also been found that a change in the concentrations of strontium leads to a change in, c / a. Tl1.6Hg0.4Ba2-ySryCa2Cu3O10+δ phase development was observed. The surface morphology studied for prepared specimens using atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that the average grain size and surface change with the change of the rate of dopant.
A Study of Plasma parameters in gold sputtering System by Means of Optical Emission Spectroscopy
Authors: Mazhir S N , Taha S K , Harb N H , Khalaf M K
Published: June 2020

This paper aims at shedding light on investigating the effect of varying plasma parameters of the magnetron sputtering system, the optical emission spectroscopy was used to reach the aime of the paper ; i.e. intensity of spectral Ar-I and Ar-Π lines, electron temperature (Te), electron density (n) with applied (300-700) V, and working pressure (0.5 – 3.5) mbar. The glow discharge plasma was produced by using Ar gas and gold as a sputtering target. The obtained results showed that the relationship between the spectral lines intensity and electron temperature is positive: the increase of them lead to an increase in the applied voltage while density of electron decreases as the applied voltage is increase in the range (350 – 550) V. Moreover, the Ar-I and Ar-Π spectral lines and electron density increased while its electron temperature decreased following the rise of the gas pressure. The increscent in emission intensity and electron density started to enhance or reduce from low pressure to medium and then increased nearly exponentially, while for high pressure no significance change was observed.
Investigating the Effect of Doping and Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) on the Growth and Properties of a Triglycine Sulfate (TGS) Crystal
Authors: Ibrahim Maher J. , Al-Saadi Tagreed M.
Published: June 2020

Triglycine Sulfate (TGS) single crystal were grown using a slow evaporation method utilizing deionized water as a solvent at room temperature in two groups. The first group of crystals was grown in a variable pH medium. The second group consisted of crystals doped by Al ions with a varying concentration ratio. It was found that all the TGS crystals grown belong to the monoclinic system, as confirmed through XRD patterns. The results from UV-Vis analysis showed that the crystals grown in the acidic medium were more transparent with increased transmittance to visible light. In addition, the spectral patterns for the as-grown crystals were studied using the FTIR technique, which showed a slight shift, indicating that all the crystals had a similar crystalline structure. The high transmission in the entire visible region for all crystals indicates potential for use of such crystals in (SHG) devices and applications based on UV tunable lasers.
Optical Investigation of TiO2/Graphene Oxide Thinfilm Prepared by Spin Coating Technique
Authors: Jalaukhan Ali H. A.
Published: June 2020

Titanium dioxide/graphene oxide thin films with different concentrations of (0.0, 0.015, 0.030, 0.045 and 4.5 g/ml) graphene oxide were deposited on glass substrates at room temperature using spin coating method. Thin films were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. Presence of graphene oxide was confirmed with FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, too. The optical band gap of TiO2 with the addition of graphene oxide layer initially decreases, but by increasing the concentration of graphene oxide, the optical band gap increases to 2.9eV.
Flow Production Rate of Hard Photons Probes of Quark–Anti Quark Annihilation Processes at Plasma Phase
Authors: Ashwiekh Ahmed M. , Hussein Saba Mustafa , Al-Agealy Hadi J. M. , Hassooni Mohsin A.
Published: June 2020

The flow emission rate of hard photons from lowest order the QCD processes for quark-anti quark annihilation processes in plasma media at high temperatures (175, 200, 225, 250 and 275 MeV) have been study. In these framework photons, the flow photons emission is calculate according to quark-antiquark annihilation using the quantum chromodynamic theory and solves the ultrarelativistic equation with MATLAP program. Due to the results, we show increases flow photons rate with increases strength coupling and increases with increases temperature of media, it indicate that logarithmically divergent thermal effect on photons product. The critical temperature (Tc=155 to 195 MeV) effect on the quarks confined in hadronic matter phase, it is important parameter effect on strength coupling with flavour number. The flow photons rate spectra show decreasing with increasing th photons energy, it indicate the processes at hadronic phase.
The effects of Core-polarization on the form factors of 17O,19F and 48Ca
Authors: Abbas Shaimaa A. , Mahdi Khalid H.
Published: June 2020

Inelastic electron scattering for selected nuclei 17O,19F and 48Ca are investigated by considering the energies of higher configurations outside core 16O and 40Ca cores. Higher energy configurations, called core polarization effects. Bohr-Mottelson calculations were also conducted to study the form factors of the above-mentioned nuclei using Oxbash. The predicted form factors were compared to the experimental data available. The effect of higher excited configurations is found to be essential in the dynamic transfer dependence of the form factors and is remarkably well aligned with the measured data.