bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human transient response under local thermal stimulation
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Wang Yudong , Tian Guohua , Di Yuhui
Published: November 2017

Human body can operate physiological thermoregulation system when it is
exposed to cold or hot environment. Whether it can do the same work when a
local part of body is stimulated by different temperatures? The objective of
this paper is to prove it. Twelve subjects are recruited to participate in
this experiment. After stabilizing in a comfort environment, their palms are
stimulated by a pouch of 39, 36, 33, 30, and 27?C. Subject?s skin
temperature, heart rate, heat flux of skin, and thermal sensation are
recorded. The results indicate that when local part is suffering from harsh
temperature, the whole body is doing physiological thermoregulation.
Besides, when the local part is stimulated by high temperature and its
thermal sensation is warm, the thermal sensation of whole body can be
neutral. What is more, human body is more sensitive to cool stimulation than
to warm one. The conclusions are significant to reveal and make full use of
physiological thermoregulation.
New multi-soliton solutions of Whitham-Broer-Kaup shallow-water-wave equations
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Liu Mingying , Xu Bo
Published: November 2017

In this paper, new and more general Whitham-Broer-Kaup equations which can
describe the propagation of shallow-water waves are exactly solved in the
framework of Hirota?s bilinear method and new multi-soliton solutions are
obtained. To be specific, the Whitham-Broer-Kaup equations are first reduced
into Ablowitz- Kaup-Newell-Segur equations. With the help of this equations,
bilinear forms of the Whitham-Broer-Kaup equations are then derived. Based on
the derived bilinear forms, new one-soliton solutions, two-soliton solutions,
three-soliton solutions, and the uniform formulae of n-soliton solutions are
finally obtained. It is shown that adopting the bilinear forms without loss
of generality play a key role in obtaining these new multi-soliton solutions.
Transient pressure and productivity analysis in carbonate geothermal reservoirs with changing external boundary flux
Authors: Wang Dongying , Yao Jun , Cai Mingyu , Liu Piyang
Published: November 2017

In this paper, a triple-medium flow model for carbonate geothermal reservoirs
with an exponential external boundary ?ux is established. The pressure
solution under constant production conditions in Laplace space is solved. The
geothermal wellbore pressure change considering wellbore storage and skin
factor is obtained by Stehfest numerical inversion. The well test
interpretation charts and Fetkovich production decline chart for carbonate
geothermal reservoirs are proposed for the first time. The proposed Fetkovich
production decline curves are applied to analyze the production decline
behavior. The results indicate that in carbonate geothermal reservoirs with
exponential external boundary ?ux, the pressure derivative curve contains a
triple dip, which represents the interporosity flow between the vugs or
matrix and fracture system and the invading flow of the external boundary
?ux. The interporosity flow of carbonate geothermal reservoirs and changing
external boundary flux can both slow down the extent of production decline
and the same variation tendency is observed in the Fetkovich production
decline curve.
A non-differentiable solution for the local fractional telegraph equation
Authors: Li Jie , Zhang Ce , Liu Weixing , Zhang Yuzhu , Yang Aimin , Zhang Ling
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we consider the linear telegraph equations with local
fractional derivative. The local fractional Laplace series expansion method
is used to handle the local fractional telegraph equation. The analytical
solution with the non-differentiable graphs is discussed in detail. The
proposed method is efficient and accurate.
Intraocular pressure control after trabeculectomy in the patients with primary open angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma followed up for 3 to 5 years
Authors: Maric Vesna , Markovic Vujica , Bozic Marija , Marjanovic Ivan , Hentova-Sencanic Paraskeva , Kontic Djordje
Published: November 2017

Background/Aim. Trabeculectomy is a safe procedure which effectively reduces the intraocular pressure (IOP). IOP is the most frequent indicator of success after glaucoma surgery. The aim of this work was to evaluate the long-term pressure control in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (XFG) after primary trabeculectomy without the use of mitomycin-C (MMC), 3 to 5 years after trabeculectomy. Methods. This study involved a retrospective evaluation of 332 consecutive patients (352 eyes), 174 patients (188 eyes) with POAG (mean age of 64.0 ? 8.6 years) and 158 patients (164 eyes) with XFG (mean age of 70.7 ? 8.9 years) who underwent primary trabeculectomy between January 2007 and December 2009 at the Clinic for Eye Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia in Belgrade. A successful control of IOP was defined as achieving IOP ? 21 mmHg without medication (complete success), or with a single topical medication (qualified success). Results. According to the type of glaucoma POAG/XFG preoperative IOP was 28.4 ? 6.3/30.4 ? 8.4 mmHg, respectively (p = 0.311) and last postoperative IOP was 16.9 ? 5.2/18.7 ? 5.9 mmHg, respectively (p = 0.681). According to the Kaplan-Meier survival curve, the complete success in the group with POAG in 1, 3 and 5 years were 85%, 75% and 58% and in the group with XFG were 82%, 70% and 56%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the complete success rates between the patients with POAG and XFG. Conclusion. The primary goal of surgery was to achieve a sufficiently low IOP without additional medication, thus preventing progression of glaucomatous damage. In our study, the complete success in the group with POAG was achieved in 75% and 58% of the patients in the period of 3 and 5 years after surgery, respectively and in the group with XFG complete success was achieved in 70% and 56% of the patients respectively.
Lexicografía en clave literaria. El caso de Alejandro Magariños Cervantes
Authors: Coll Magdalena
Published: November 2017

Recepción: 23 de julio de 2016; Aceptación: 28 de marzo de 2017Alejandro Magariños Cervantes (Montevideo, Uruguay, 1825-1893), con su prolífica carrera como poeta, narrador y ensayista, aspira a llegar a lectores ajenos a la variedad de español que utiliza. Por ello, acompaña su poesía de variadas notas en las que explica voces de la región. También introduce explicaciones en el cuerpo de sus textos narrativos y ensayísticos. Presenta además un pequeño vocabulario temático que reúne una serie de voces vinculadas al ámbito gauchesco. Su labor lexicográfica, íntimamente unida a su producción literaria de corte romántico, es el objeto de análisis de este artículo.
Vicenç Beltran, El romancero: de la oralidad al canon. Reichenberger, Kassel, 2016; 206 pp. (Problemata Literaria, 78).
Authors: Higashi Alejandro
Published: November 2017

En ocasiones, los giros copernicanos de las distintas disciplinas llegan hasta nosotros sin mucho aparato ni embalajes ostentosos. Es el caso de este libro, brillante por la perspectiva que adopta, pero también por su economía...
Avaliação da eficiência da técnica de CPR grouting no enrijecimento de solos compressíveis
Authors: Ottolini Chavão Amanda , Fontenla Sieira Ana , Pereira Lima André
Published: November 2017

A técnica de CPR Grouting consiste no bombeamento de argamassa no interior da camada de solo mole sob elevadas pressões, com geodrenos colocados previamente entre as zonas a injectar. O tratamento resulta na diminuição do índice de vazios da camada compressível e no aumento da resistência, conduzindo a uma redução significativa dos recalques. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo comparar o comportamento de dois aterros experimentais, executados sobre solo mole, a partir de dados de instrumentação. Em um dos aterros, foi adotada a técnica CPR Grouting para o enrijecimento do solo. O segundo aterro foi executado apenas com geodrenos. Os aterros foram implementados em uma área no Recreio dos Bandeirantes, Rio de Janeiro, que apresenta espessuras de solo mole da ordem de 8,0 m. Os resultados permitiram avaliar a eficiência da técnica. Observou-se uma redução significativa dos recalques sobre o solo enrijecido, uma diminuição dos deslocamentos horizontais, e uma aceleração expressiva dos recalques.
Inter-relação entre Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans e os tratamentos endodônticos
Authors: Sousa Monica Naufel de , Macedo Alessandra Teixeira de , Santos Julliana Ribeiro Alves dos
Published: November 2017

Os insucessos dos tratamentos endodônticos estão associados, em parte, à presença de uma microbiota resistente, sendo a bactéria mais recorrente, o Enterococcus faecalis, e Candida albicans o principal fungo isolado dos canais radiculares. Nesta revisão, foram coletados dados sobre insucessos no tratamento endodôntico, em face da resistência da E. faecalis, C. albicans, biofilme, no período de Junho de 2016 a Fevereiro de 2017, com uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e analítica de artigos científicos, em periódicos indexados nas bases de dados: Scielo e PUBMED. A anatomia interna dos dentes com seus sistemas de canais radiculares e a presença dos canalículos nas suas paredes, conjugados à formação do biofilme, aumentam os mecanismos de virulência dos microrganismos, dificultando a ação tanto do sistema imunológico, como das substâncias antimicrobianas, contribuindo para o fracasso nos tratamentos endodônticos, haja vista a dificuldade de alcançar a sanificação dos canais radiculares.  Essa revisão de literatura tem o escopo de traçar a inter-relação entre o insucesso endodôntico e a presença do Enterococcus faecalis e Candida albicans, por terem mecanismos resistentes ao tratamento endodôntico. Palavras-chaves: Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, biofilme, insucessos endodônticos.
Modelo de simulación relacionado con la influencia de la fuerza de trabajo en la cadena de suministro del mango en la región del Tequendama. Caso el colegio
Authors: Forero-Almanza Celina , A. Martínez María , Mauricio Herrera Milton
Published: November 2017

Este artículo presenta la importancia, el papel y la influencia que ejerce la fuerza de trabajo dentro de la cadena productiva del mango en sus procesos cuando esta incluye el eslabón de recuperación, buscando que este sea beneficiado a través de programas de incentivos por parte de entidades públicas o privadas, permitiendo una alternativa de oferta de trabajo para la población. Es así como la influencia que ejerce la fuerza de trabajo puede ser el punto más fuerte o, por el contrario, el eslabón más débil y vulnerable en el desarrollo óptimo de la cadena productiva, por lo que su estudio resulta indispensable a la hora de evaluar la puesta en marcha de este eslabón y los tipos de incentivos y las cantidades necesarias para generar el impacto esperado. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se tomó como referencia el caso de la región del Tequendama - El Colegio.A partir del uso y aplicación de modelos de simulación desde la dinámica de sistemas, se realizó el estudio del comportamiento de las variables que participan en el proceso, validando la influencia que ejerce la fuerza de trabajo sobre este eslabón frente a los incentivos que puedan recibir y el impacto ambiental generado.Finalmente, se concluye que los incentivos contemplados en forma de beneficios tributarios o montos específicos de dinero para los productores o para las industrias son viables en el margen legal y gubernamental dentro de la cadena, tendrían un aporte significativo al impacto ambiental en el sistema de producción y contribuirían a las políticas legales y sociales de la comunidad al generar nuevos empleos.
The Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 1 Alpha (eEF1α) from the Parasite Leishmania infantum Is Modified with the Immunomodulatory Substituent Phosphorylcholine (PC)
Authors: Timm Thomas , Annoscia Giada , Klein Jochen , Lochnit Günter
Published: November 2017

Proteins and glycolipids have been found to be decorated with phosphorylcholine (PC) both in protozoa and nematodes that parasitize humans and animals. PC epitopes can provoke various effects on immune cells leading to an immunomodulation of the host’s immune system that allows long-term persistence of the parasites. So far, only a limited number of PC-modified proteins, mainly from nematodes, have been identified. Infections caused by Leishmania spp. (e.g., L. infantum in southern Europe) affect about 12 million people worldwide and are characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical forms in humans, ranging from cutaneous to fatal visceral leishmaniasis. To establish and maintain the infection, these protozoa are dependent on the secretion of effector molecules into the host for modulating their immune system. In this project, we analyzed the PC modification of L. infantum promastigotes by 2D-gel based proteomics. Western blot analysis with the PC-specific antibody TEPC-15 revealed one PC-substituted protein in this organism, identified as eEF1α. We could demonstrate that the binding of eEF1α to one of its downstream effectors is dependent on its PC-modification. In this study we provide evidence that in this parasite the modification of eEF1α with PC may be essential for its function as an important virulence factor.
Fostering Nautical Tourism in the Balearic Islands
Authors: Moreno María , Otamendi F.
Published: November 2017

The aim of this paper is to determine pillars for fostering nautical tourism based on the beliefs and attitudes that professionals in the sector have towards the particularities and difficulties that the market is going through. To achieve these goals, in-depth interviews structured around 37 questions were carried out with agents of associations and nautical firms, public institutions, and the Chamber of Commerce. The qualitative analysis program NVIVO 11 was used to analyze the content of the gathered data. The findings reveal that the main difficulties are related to normative issues and taxation, illegal supply, and a lack of definition of the nautical tourist profile. This absence of definition causes a vagueness when estimating the total number of nautical tourists that visit a destination. Thus, this affects evaluation of the economic, social, and environmental impact of nautical tourism.
Three Super-Earths Transiting the Nearby Star GJ 9827
Authors: Niraula Prajwal , Redfield Seth , Dai Fei , Barragán Oscar , Gandolfi Davide , Cauley P. Wilson , Hirano Teruyuki , Korth Judith , Smith Alexis M. S. , Prieto-Arranz Jorge , Grziwa Sascha , Fridlund Malcolm , Persson Carina M. , Justesen Anders Bo , Winn Joshua N. , Albrecht Simon , Cochran William D. , Csizmadia Szilard , Duvvuri Girish M. , Endl Michael , Hatzes Artie P. , Livingston John H. , Narita Norio , Nespral David , Nowak Grzegorz , Pätzold Martin , Palle Enric , Van Eylen Vincent
Published: November 2017

We report on the discovery of three transiting planets around GJ 9827. The planets have radii of 1.75 ± 0.18, 1.36 ± 0.14, and

R
⊕, and periods of 1.20896, 3.6480, and 6.2014 days, respectively. The detection was made in Campaign 12 observations as part of our K2 survey of nearby stars. GJ 9827 is a V = 10.39 mag K6V star at a distance of 30.3 ± 1.6 parsecs and the nearest star to be found hosting planets by Kepler and K2. The radial velocity follow-up, high-resolution imaging, and detection of multiple transiting objects near commensurability drastically reduce the false positive probability. The orbital periods of GJ 9827 b, c, and d planets are very close to the 1:3:5 mean motion resonance. Our preliminary analysis shows that GJ 9827 planets are excellent candidates for atmospheric observations. Besides, the planetary radii span both sides of the rocky and gaseous divide, hence the system will be an asset in expanding our understanding of the threshold.
Numerical Simulations of a Jet–Cloud Collision and Starburst: Application to Minkowski’s Object
Authors: Fragile P. Chris , Anninos Peter , Croft Steve , Lacy Mark , Witry Jason W. L.
Published: November 2017

We present results of three-dimensional, multi-physics simulations of an AGN jet colliding with an intergalactic cloud. The purpose of these simulations is to assess the degree of “positive feedback,” i.e., jet-induced star formation, that results. We have specifically tailored our simulation parameters to facilitate a comparison with recent observations of Minkowski’s Object (MO), a stellar nursery located at the termination point of a radio jet coming from galaxy NGC 541. As shown in our simulations, such a collision triggers shocks, which propagate around and through the cloud. These shocks condense the gas and under the right circumstances may trigger cooling instabilities, creating runaway increases in density, to the point that individual clumps can become Jeans unstable. Our simulations provide information about the expected star formation rate, total mass converted to H i, H2, and stars, and the relative velocity of the stars and gas. Our results confirm the possibility of jet-induced star formation, and agree well with the observations of MO.
Seeds Of Life In Space (SOLIS): The Organic Composition Diversity at 300–1000 au Scale in Solar-type Star-forming Regions*
Authors: Ceccarelli C. , Caselli P. , Fontani F. , Neri R. , López-Sepulcre A. , Codella C. , Feng S. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Lefloch B. , Pineda J. E. , Vastel C. , Alves F. , Bachiller R. , Balucani N. , Bianchi E. , Bizzocchi L. , Bottinelli S. , Caux E. , Chacón-Tanarro A. , Choudhury R. , Coutens A. , Dulieu F. , Favre C. , Hily-Blant P. , Holdship J. , Kahane C. , Al-Edhari A. Jaber , Laas J. , Ospina J. , Oya Y. , Podio L. , Pon A. , Punanova A. , Quenard D. , Rimola A. , Sakai N. , Sims I. R. , Spezzano S. , Taquet V. , Testi L. , Theulé P. , Ugliengo P. , Vasyunin A. I. , Viti S. , Wiesenfeld L. , Yamamoto S.
Published: November 2017

Complex organic molecules have been observed for decades in the interstellar medium. Some of them might be considered as small bricks of the macromolecules at the base of terrestrial life. It is hence particularly important to understand organic chemistry in Solar-like star-forming regions. In this article, we present a new observational project: Seeds Of Life In Space (SOLIS). This is a Large Project using the IRAM-NOEMA interferometer, and its scope is to image the emission of several crucial organic molecules in a sample of Solar-like star-forming regions in different evolutionary stages and environments. Here we report the first SOLIS results, obtained from analyzing the spectra of different regions of the Class 0 source NGC 1333-IRAS4A, the protocluster OMC-2 FIR4, and the shock site L1157-B1. The different regions were identified based on the images of formamide (NH2CHO) and cyanodiacetylene (HC5N) lines. We discuss the observed large diversity in the molecular and organic content, both on large (3000–10,000 au) and relatively small (300–1000 au) scales. Finally, we derive upper limits to the methoxy fractional abundance in the three observed regions of the same order of magnitude of that measured in a few cold prestellar objects, namely

–10−11 with respect to H2 molecules.
Energetic Processing of N2:CH4 Ices Employing X-Rays and Swift Ions: Implications for Icy Bodies in the Outer Solar System
Authors: Vasconcelos Fredson de A. , Pilling Sergio , Rocha Will R. M. , Rothard Hermann , Boduch Philippe
Published: November 2017

We experimentally address in this paper the physicochemical effects induced by ionizing photons (energies from 6 to 2000 eV) and swift heavy ions (15.7 MeV 16O5+) in the icy mixture containing N2:CH4 (19:1) at 12 K and 19 K, respectively. The experiments simulate the effect of solar photons and X-rays, cosmic rays, and solar energetic particles (medium-mass ions) on the surface of icy bodies in the outer solar system, such as Triton, Titan, Pluto, and several other Kuiper Belt objects. The ice samples were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) at different fluences. From the energetic processing, the production of new molecules was observed. Among them, HCN, C2H4, C2H6, and N3 have the highest production yield. Molecular half-lives of the species of interest were calculated and extrapolated to the astrophysical environment. The effective destruction yield (in molecules/impact) of the parental species processed by the swift ions is up to six orders of magnitude higher than the value determined by employing X-rays. However, due to the differences between the fluxes of both ionizing radiation types in space, the half-lives of nitrogen and methane in the astrophysical scenarios addressed may have a huge variation. Photons dominate the chemical transformations at shorter distances from the Sun. Our results are a step toward a compilation of photochemical and radiolysis data that should allow the modeling of the abundance of astrophysical ices over long periods of time.
On Nulling, Drifting, and Their Interactions in PSRs J1741–0840 and J1840–0840
Authors: Gajjar V. , Yuan J. P. , Yuen R. , Wen Z. G. , Liu Z. Y. , Wang N.
Published: November 2017

We report detailed investigation of nulling and drifting behavior of two pulsars PSRs J1741−0840 and J1840−0840 observed from the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope at 625 MHz. PSR J1741−0840 was found to show a nulling fraction (NF) of around 30% ± 5% while PSR J1840−0840 was shown to have an NF of around 50% ± 6%. We measured drifting behavior from different profile components in PSR J1840−0840 for the first time with the leading component showing drifting with 13.5 ± 0.7 periods while the weak trailing component showed drifting of around 18 ± 1 periods. Large nulling hampers accuracy of these quantities derived using standard Fourier techniques. A more accurate comparison was drawn from driftband slopes, measured after sub-pulse modeling. These measurements revealed interesting sporadic and irregular drifting behavior in both pulsars. We conclude that the previously reported different drifting periodicities in the trailing component of PSR J1741−0840 is likely due to the spread in these driftband slopes. We also find that both components of PSR J1840−0840 show similar driftband slopes within the uncertainties. Unique nulling–drifting interaction is identified in PSR J1840−0840 where, on most occasions, the pulsar tends to start nulling after what appears to be the end of a driftband. Similarly, when the pulsar switches back to an emission phase, on most occasions it starts at the beginning of a new driftband in both components. Such behaviors have not been detected in any other pulsars to our knowledge. We also found that PSR J1741−0840 seems to have no memory of its previous burst phase while PSR J1840−0840 clearly exhibits memory of its previous state even after longer nulls for both components. We discuss possible explanations for these intriguing nulling–drifting interactions seen in both pulsars based on various pulsar nulling models.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol. 9, No. 6
Authors: Sun Alyssa
Published: November 2017

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol. 9, No. 6, 2017.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 6 No. 6
Authors: Dong Bella
Published: November 2017

Journal of Food Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to jfr@ccsenet.org.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 6Adele Papetti, University of Pavia, ItalyAlexandrina Sirbu, Constantin Brancoveanu University, RomaniaAmin Mousavi Khaneghah, State University of Campinas, BrazilAmmar Eltayeb Ali Hassan, University of Tromsø, NorwayAnna Iwaniak, Warmia and Mazury University, PolandAntonello Santini, University of Napoli "Federico II", ItalyCheryl Rosita Rock, California State University, United StatesCristina Damian, University of Suceava, RomaniaDomitila Augusta Huber, Federal University of Santa Catarina, BrazilEganathan Palanisami, Meta Procambial Biotech Private Limited, IndiaElsa M Goncalves, Instituto Nacional de Investigacao Agrária (INIA), PortugalIsabela Mateus Martins, State University of Campinas, BrazilJintana Wiboonsirikul, Phetchaburi Rajabhat University, ThailandJose M. Camina, National University of La Pampa and National Council of Scientific and Technical Researches (CONICET), ArgentinaLenka Kourimska, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech RepublicLeonardo Martín Pérez, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, ArgentinaLiana Claudia Salanta, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, RomaniaLuis Patarata, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, PortugalMarco Iammarino, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, ItalyMeena Somanchi, United States Department of Agriculture, United StatesNingning Zhao, Oregon Health & Science University, United StatesSefat E Khuda, Centre for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United StatesSlavica Grujic, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia HerzegovinaSonchieu Jean, University of Bamenda, CameroonSuzana Rimac Brncic, University of Zagreb, CroatiaTzortzis Nomikos, Harokopio University, GreeceWinny Routray, McGill University, CanadaZelalem Yilma, Haramaya and Hawassa Universities, Ethiopia
Farmers’ Household Empowerment in Entikong, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Yosada Kardius Richi , Djatmika Ery Tri , Soetjipto Budi Eko , Wahyono Hari
Published: November 2017

This paper aims at analyzing current situation in Entikong as a border region of Indonesia-Malaysia. Economically, this region is dominated by agricultural sectors and mostly harvested valuable commodities were traded in border by farmers from Entikong. This study employed a phenomenological qualitative approach for describing problems faced by farmers and the efforts related to farmers’ household empowerment for improving their quality of life. The data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation, and it was analyzed by using the steps of verification and triangulation, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings revealed that main problems are related to the insufficiency of socio-economic infrastructures for improving value added for agricultural products, such as the limitation of roads infrastructure and far distance of market make farmers unwilling to sell their harvested products because of high distribution expenses. Farmers empowerment done by government and NGO were directed to improve their knowledge and skills related to plantation and agricultural activities. Moreover, it needs socio-economic institutional strengthening and participation from farmers’ community as well.
6 Essential Questions for Problem Solving
Authors: Kress Nancy Emerson
Published: November 2017

Increase students' access to and success with complex quadratic function tasks in any middle school, high school, or early college mathematics class.
Thinking about Tipping Points
Authors: D'Agostino Susan
Published: November 2017

When I introduced infinite series to my calculus students, I recalled an interview (The OpEd Project n. d.) with Katie Orenstein—founder of The Op-ed Project—concerning the percentages of women who publish op-ed articles in mainstream newspapers. Currently, women's voices make up only 15 percent of these high-profile opinion pages that contribute thought leadership on local, state, national, and international problems. However, Orenstein conjectured that if her organization could foster change so that 30 percent of op-eds were written by women, then mainstream media would reach a “tipping point,” after which we might soon achieve gender equity on our nation's op-ed pages. Could teaching my students why certain infinite series converge to specific values on the number line while others “tip,” diverging to infinity, foster their abilities to make our world more equitable?
Questioning through the Guess My Number game
Authors: Araujo Zandra de , DeLeeuw William W.
Published: November 2017

The Guess My Number game gets students out of their seats as they engage in questioning and numerical reasoning while using academic language. To begin, each student writes a secret number on a sticky note and tapes it onto another student's back. Students then meet with others in the classroom. For each meeting, they show one another the numbers on their backs and then ask one yes-no question to try to determine their number.
Geochemical Constraints on the Size of the Moon‐Forming Giant Impact
Authors: Piet Hélène , Badro James , Gillet Philippe
Published: November 2017

Recent models involving the Moon‐forming giant impact hypothesis have managed to reproduce the striking isotopic similarity between the two bodies, albeit using two extreme models: one involves a high‐energy small impactor that makes the Moon out of Earth's proto‐mantle; the other supposes a gigantic collision between two half‐Earths creating the Earth‐Moon system from both bodies. Here we modeled the geochemical influence of the giant impact on Earth's mantle and found that impactors larger than 15% of Earth mass result in mantles always violating the present‐day concentrations of four refractory moderately siderophile trace elements (Ni, Co, Cr, and V). In the aftermath of the impact, our models cannot further discriminate between a fully and a partially molten bulk silicate Earth. Then, the preservation of primordial geochemical reservoirs predating the Moon remains the sole argument against a fully molten mantle after the Moon‐forming impact.
Earth System Modeling 2.0: A Blueprint for Models That Learn From Observations and Targeted High‐Resolution Simulations
Authors: Schneider Tapio , Lan Shiwei , Stuart Andrew , Teixeira João
Published: November 2017

Climate projections continue to be marred by large uncertainties, which originate in processes that need to be parameterized, such as clouds, convection, and ecosystems. But rapid progress is now within reach. New computational tools and methods from data assimilation and machine learning make it possible to integrate global observations and local high‐resolution simulations in an Earth system model (ESM) that systematically learns from both and quantifies uncertainties. Here we propose a blueprint for such an ESM. We outline how parameterization schemes can learn from global observations and targeted high‐resolution simulations, for example, of clouds and convection, through matching low‐order statistics between ESMs, observations, and high‐resolution simulations. We illustrate learning algorithms for ESMs with a simple dynamical system that shares characteristics of the climate system; and we discuss the opportunities the proposed framework presents and the challenges that remain to realize it.
Catchment Morphing (CM): A Novel Approach for Runoff Modeling in Ungauged Catchments
Authors: Zhang Jun , Han Dawei
Published: November 2017

Runoff prediction in ungauged catchments has been one of the major challenges in the past decades. However, due to the tremendous heterogeneity of the catchments, obstacles exist in deducing model parameters for ungauged catchments from gauged ones. We propose a novel approach to predict ungauged runoff with Catchment Morphing (CM) using a fully distributed model. CM is defined as by changing the catchment characteristics (area and slope here) from the baseline model built with a gauged catchment to model the ungauged ones. As a proof of concept, a case study on seven catchments in the UK has been used to demonstrate the proposed scheme. Comparing the predicted with measured runoff, the Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) varies from 0.03 to 0.69 in six catchments. Moreover, NSEs are significantly improved (up to 0.81) when considering the discrepancy of percentage runoff between the target and baseline catchments. A distinct advantage has been experienced by comparing the CM with a traditional method for ungauged catchments. The advantages are: (a) less demand of the similarity between the baseline catchment and the ungauged catchment, (b) less demand of available data, and (c) potentially widely applicable in varied catchments. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed scheme as a potentially powerful alternative to the conventional methods in runoff predictions of ungauged catchments. Clearly, more work beyond this pilot study is needed to explore and develop this new approach further to maturity by the hydrological community.
The use of needle holders in CTF guided biopsies as a dose reduction tool
Authors: Sarmento Sandra , Pereira Joana S. , Sousa Maria José , Cunha Luís T. , Dias Anabela G. , Pereira Miguel F. , Oliveira Augusto D. , Cardoso João V. , Santos Luís M. , Santos João A.M. , Alves João G.
Published: November 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of needle holders in reducing staff hand exposure during biopsies guided by computed tomography fluoroscopy (CTF), through the analysis of data acquired during a detailed monitoring study, undertaken in parallel with an ongoing optimization process to reduce hand irradiation.

Methods

Hand monitoring was performed with 11 extremity detectors, two per finger (base and tip) and one on the back of the wrist, for the left (dominant) hand, during two series of biopsies with comparable characteristics. The first series (47 biopsies) were performed with only quick‐check method (QC) and occasional side‐handle (SH) manipulation of the needle. The second series (63 biopsies) were performed after introducing needle holders (NH) in the course of an optimization process.

Results

Choice of technique (QC, QC + NH, QC + SH) by the interventional radiologist (IR) was related to biopsy difficulty. Measured hand exposure was low (< 1 mSv) for all QC‐only procedures, and for most of the QC + NH procedures. Occasional side‐handle manipulation still occurred during challenging biopsies, so that 8% of biopsies in the second series accounted for ~70% of total fingertip dose (~90 mSv). The methodology used allowed a detailed insight into the dose reduction achievable with needle holders during real procedures, without the limitations of phantom measurements.

Conclusions

Needle holders proved effective in reducing mean hand exposure during clinical procedures where real‐time manipulation was necessary. Occasional side‐handle manipulation was found to contribute disproportionately to hand exposure. This highlights the importance of individual hand monitoring during CTF guided procedures.
Room‐Temperature Solid‐State Grown WO3−δ Film on Plastic Substrate for Extremely Sensitive Flexible NO2 Gas Sensors
Authors: Annapureddy Venkateswarlu , Kim Yonghun , Hwang Geon‐Tae , Jang Ho Won , Kim Sung‐Dae , Choi Jong‐Jin , Cho Byungjin , Ryu Jungho
Published: November 2017

Due to the increased world‐wide threat to health from air pollution, as well as the need for personalized diagnostic and physiological monitoring of exhaled breath, flexible gas sensor nodes have become an emerging area of critical importance for wearable electronics applicable. In this study, WO3−δ films are prepared on flexible substrates at room temperature using a single‐step, solid‐state deposition, granule spray in vacuum (GSV) process. The GSV‐WO3−δ films are successfully utilized to fabricate an ultrasensitive flexible gas sensor. The performance of the sensor can be enhanced by its increased surface area and large number of defect sites on the surface utilizing high‐impulse hollow sphere granules. The gas sensor is extremely responsive and selective to low concentration of NO2. The gas‐sensing responses are linear for the concentrations ranging from sub‐ppm to tens of ppm with detection limit of 1.88 (±0.128) for NO2. The response time is on the order of few seconds for gas detection (17 s) and recovery (25 s). Beyond this sensing performance, the GSV‐WO3−δ film is highly advantageous in terms of production cost and time for the realization of mass production of flexible sensing devices, compared to conventional gas sensors that require high‐cost and time‐consuming processes.
Weight Change During the Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Period and Risk of Subsequent Mortality in Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Matched Comparators
Authors: Sparks Jeffrey A. , Chang Shun‐Chiao , Nguyen Uyen‐Sa , Barbhaiya Medha , Tedeschi Sara K. , Lu Bing , Kreps David J. , Costenbader Karen H. , Zhang Yuqing , Choi Hyon K. , Karlson Elizabeth W.
Published: November 2017

Objective

To investigate whether weight change during the early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) period is associated with subsequent mortality and to evaluate whether there is an RA‐specific effect.

Methods

We identified patients with incident RA during the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS; 1976–2016) and created a comparison cohort by matching each RA patient with up to 10 non‐RA comparators by age and calendar year of the RA diagnosis (index date). To capture weight change around the early RA period (“peri‐RA/index”), we used weight measurements collected 2–4 years before and 2–4 years after the index date. We used Cox regression analysis to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality according to peri‐RA/index weight change categories, separately in each cohort and in the combined cohorts, evaluating for an RA‐specific effect.

Results

Among 121,701 women in the NHS, 902 patients with incident RA were identified and matched to 7,884 non‐RA comparators. In the RA cohort, 371 deaths (41.1%) occurred during a mean follow‐up of 17.0 years after the early RA period, and 2,303 deaths (29.2%) occurred in the comparison cohort during a mean follow‐up of 18.4 years. Weight loss of >30 pounds during the peri‐RA period had a hazard ratio (HR) for mortality of 2.78 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.58–4.89) compared to stable weight; results in the comparison cohort were similar (HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.61–2.88). A weight gain of >30 pounds had no association with mortality in patients with RA (HR 1.45, 95% CI 0.69–3.07) or comparators (HR 1.19, 95% CI 0.89–1.59). For mortality, there was no statistically significant interaction between RA/comparator status and weight change category (P = 0.68).

Conclusion

Severe weight loss during the early RA period was associated with an increased subsequent mortality risk for women with and those without RA. These results extend prior observations by including non‐RA comparators and finding no protective association between weight gain and mortality, providing evidence against an RA‐specific obesity paradox for mortality.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of CO2 Absorption Using Nanofluids in a Hollow‐Fiber Membrane Contactor
Authors: Ansaripour Majid , Haghshenasfard Masoud , Moheb Ahmad
Published: November 2017

To remove CO2 from N2/CO2 gas mixtures, α‐Al2O3/water and γ‐Al2O3/water nanofluids have been used in a dialysis nanoporous hollow‐fiber membrane contactor. The mass transfer coefficient, CO2 removal efficiency, and CO2 concentration profile were determined under different operating conditions. The results showed that the addition of α‐Al2O3 and γ‐Al2O3 nanoparticles to the solvent increased the mass transfer rate, and by raising the nanofluid concentration, the removal efficiency enhanced. The process was simulated by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The good agreement between CFD predictions and experimental results indicates that the CFD is a reliable tool for optimization of the process.
Three‐Phase AC Filter Inductor Design for Three‐Phase PWM Inverter for Conversion Efficiency Improvement at Low Load
Authors: MATSUMORI HIROAKI , SHIMIZU TOSHIHISA , TAKANO KOUSHI , ISHII HITOSHI
Published: November 2017

The inductor losses in a three‐phase ac filter inductor used in a three‐phase pulse‐width modulation (PWM) inverter are evaluated. First, a three‐phase inductor is designed to obtain the same value of inductance for each phase. Then, based on the design, a three‐phase inductor that uses two magnetic materials is proposed. The conversion efficiency of a 1 kVA three‐phase PWM inverter that uses the conventional and proposed ac filter inductors is simulated. Simulation results show that conversion efficiency improves. Finally, the conversion efficiency of an actual three‐phase 1 kVA PWM inverter that uses the conventional and proposed ac filter inductors is measured. In the experiment, the conversion efficiency obtained for the case of the proposed inductor improves by approximately 1% at low power load as compared to the conventional inductor. Furthermore, the calculated inductor losses are in good agreement with measured losses. Improvement in efficiency is verified trough simulations and experiments.
A Learning Progression for Geometrical Measurement in One, Two, and Three Dimensions
Authors: Kim Eun Mi , Haberstroh Jeff , Peters Stephanie , Howell Heather , Nabors Oláh Leslie
Published: November 2017

As part of the CBAL® learning and assessment initiative in mathematics, we developed a hypothesized learning progression (LP) for geometrical measurement in 1, 2, and 3 dimensions based on a synthesis of empirical literature in this field and through expert review. The geometrical measurement LP is intended to represent a developmental progression of students' understandings and learning for 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐dimensional measurement in terms of transitions along levels within a dimension and connections across the 3 dimensions. In addition, we designed cognitive laboratory tasks associated with the levels of the geometrical measurement LP. The development process of the geometrical measurement LP and cognitive laboratory tasks presented here provide guidance for future development of LPs and task design that would provide the evidence supporting the proposed LPs.
New insights into the role and mechanism of c‐Jun‐N‐terminal kinase signaling in the pathobiology of liver diseases
Authors: Win Sanda , Than Tin Aung , Zhang Jun , Oo Christina , Min Robert Win Maw , Kaplowitz Neil
Published: November 2017

The c‐Jun‐N‐terminal‐kinase (JNK) family is highly conserved across species such as Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish and mammals, and plays a central role in hepatic physiologic and pathophysiologic responses. These responses range from cell death to cell proliferation and carcinogenesis, as well as metabolism and survival, depending on the specific context and duration of activation of the JNK signaling pathway. Recently, several investigators identified the key molecules in the JNK activation loop which include apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase (ASK1) and SH3‐domain binding protein 5 (Sab) and their involvement in acute or chronic liver disease models. Thus, regulating JNK activation through modulating the JNK activation loop may represent an important new strategy in the prevention and treatment of acute and chronic liver diseases. In this review, we will discuss the molecular pathophysiology of the JNK activation loop and its role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. (Hepatology 2018;67:2013‐2024).
Impaired Rivaroxaban Clearance in Mild Renal Insufficiency With Verapamil Coadministration: Potential Implications for Bleeding Risk and Dose Selection
Authors: Greenblatt David J. , Patel Maulik , Harmatz Jerold S. , Nicholson Wayne T. , Rubino Christopher M. , Chow Christina R.
Published: November 2017

Pharmacokinetics and antithrombotic effects of the Factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban were studied in subjects with mild renal insufficiency concurrently taking the P‐glycoprotein and moderate CYP3A inhibitor verapamil, a drug commonly administered to patients with hypertension, ischemic heart disease, or atrial fibrillation. Age‐matched controls with normal renal function were studied concurrently. Subjects’ overall mean age was 59 years. Mean creatinine clearance values in the 2 groups were 105 and 71 mL/min. After single 20‐mg oral doses, rivaroxaban area under the curve (AUC) was increased by a factor of 1.11 (ratio of geometric means [RGM]) in mild renal insufficiency compared to controls. Verapamil coadministration independently increased AUC to the same extent in both the mild renal insufficiency and control groups (RGM, 1.39 and 1.43). Concurrent mild renal insufficiency and verapamil produced additive inhibition compared to controls without verapamil (RGM, 1.58). Prothrombin time (PT) prolongation and Factor Xa inhibition tracked plasma rivaroxaban, and were enhanced by verapamil. Concentration–response relationships for PT (linear) and Factor Xa inhibition (hyperbolic) were unaffected by renal function or verapamil. The absolute and relative increases in rivaroxaban AUC caused by verapamil in mild renal insufficiency subjects are potentially associated with an increased bleeding risk. Modification of recommended dosage may be required in this combination of circumstances to reduce risk to patients.
Multifunctional in vivo imaging for monitoring wound healing using swept‐source polarization‐sensitive optical coherence tomography
Authors: Park Kwan S. , Choi Woo June , Song Shaozhen , Xu Jingjiang , Wang Ruikang K.
Published: November 2017

Background and Objective

Wound healing involves a complex and dynamic biological process in response to tissue injury. Monitoring of the cascade of cellular events is useful for wound management and treatment. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the potential of multifunctional polarization‐sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS‐OCT) to longitudinally monitor the self‐healing process in a murine cutaneous wound model.

Materials and Methods

A multi‐functional PS‐OCT system based on swept source OCT configuration (1,310 nm central wavelength) was designed to obtain simultaneously microstructural, blood perfusion, and birefringent information of a biological tissue in vivo. A 1‐mm‐diameter wound was generated in a mouse pinna with a complete biopsy punch. Afterwards, the self‐healing process of the injured tissue was observed every week over 6‐week period using the multifunctional system to measure changes in the tissue birefringence. Further OCT angiography (OCTA) was used in post data processing to obtain blood perfusion information over the injured tissue.

Results

Three complementary images indicating the changes in anatomical, vascular, and birefringent information of tissue around wound were simultaneously provided from a 3‐dimensional (3‐D) PS‐OCT data set during the wound repair over 1 month. Specifically, inflammatory and proliferative phases of wound healing were characterized by thickened epidermal tissue (from OCT images) and angiogenesis (from OCT angiography images) around wound. Also, it was observed that the regenerating tissues had highly realigned birefringent structures (from PS‐OCT images).

Conclusion

This preliminary study suggests that the proposed multi‐functional imaging modality has a great potential to improve the understanding of wound healing through non‐invasive, serial monitoring of vascular and tissue responses to injury. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:213–221, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mapping of n‐GaN Schottky Contacts With Wavy Surface Morphology Using Scanning Internal Photoemission Microscopy
Authors: Shiojima Kenji , Hashizume Takanori , Horikiri Fumimasa , Tanaka Takeshi , Mishma Tomoyoshi
Published: November 2017

We characterized the effects of surface morphology on the electrical properties of n‐GaN drift‐layers by using scanning internal photoemission microscopy (SIPM). We grew 12‐μm‐thick low carrier concentration (approximately 1 × 1016 cm−3) n‐GaN layers with both flat and wavy surface morphologies on freestanding GaN substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. In the SIPM results, the samples with flat surfaces exhibited a uniform photocurrent distribution independently of the carrier concentration. In contrast, wavy patterns in the photocurrent maps were the same as the surface morphology for samples with low carrier concentration. These results indicate that the amount of C incorporated during the growth was affected by the off‐angle of the GaN surface, and the carrier compensation by C atoms was changed. We demonstrated that SIPM is a powerful tool for nondestructively visualizing the inhomogeneity of the carrier compensation over the wafers.