bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study between glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient and normal term neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia in a rural tertiary care hospital of Eastern India
Authors: Kanai Lal Barik  , Puja Kumari Singh  , Sudipto Paul  , Laha Sumanta , Saikat Mondal
Published: September 2022

Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an important cause of neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia or even kernicterus leading to long-term neurological sequelae specially in countries like India where G6PD deficiency is quite prevalent.
Aims and Objectives: We have planned this study to know the prevalence of G6PD deficiency among cases of neonatal jaundice and also to evaluate the difference between G6PD deficient and normal neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia in terms of laboratory parameters and need of phototherapy or exchange transfusion.
Materials and Methods: This observational and cross-sectional study was done for a period of 1 year in the SNCU and NICU of a district Medical College of West Bengal among 200 term neonates presented with indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Birth weight, sex, hemoglobin, G6PD level, serum bilirubin at admission, phototherapy duration, and need for exchange transfusion were recorded along with other necessary parameters.
Results: We found G6PD deficiency in 24 neonates (12%) out of 200 cases of neonatal jaundice, 20 of whom were male. There is a statistically significant difference in hemoglobin and serum bilirubin level between two groups. Difference in early presentation of jaundice within 24–48 h (66.7% vs. 34.1%) and need of prolonged phototherapy 72–96 h (45.83% vs. 7.4%) between G6PD deficient and normal group were statistically significant. Difference in requirement of exchange transfusion is not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Early screening for G6PD deficiency should be considered in every neonates of G6PD deficient endemic countries so that we can predict the natural course of the jaundice in those G6PD deficient neonate and prevent complication by early initiation of phototherapy or exchange transfusion.
Substance abuse – An emerging problem among school-going adolescents of Jaipur, Rajasthan
Authors: Dobhal Priyanka , Kashyap Amita , Dobhal Aviral , Mattas Shalki
Published: September 2022

Background: Adolescents are a relatively healthy group, but their developmental stage makes them vulnerable to many risk‑taking behaviors. One such major issue is substance abuse.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to determine substance abuse behavior among school‑going adolescents of Jaipur city and factors associated with it.
Materials and Methods: An observational, cross‑sectional study was conducted from July 2015 to February 2016. A total of 900 school‑going adolescents were enrolled from eight schools of Jaipur city and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) questionnaire was administered.
Results: Most of the participants (67.56%) were in the age group of 13–16 years. Twelve adolescents out of 900 (1.34 %) in the given sample were taking drugs. Out of these, 66.67% took drugs 1 or 2 times in their life so far, while 33% took it 3–9 times. Majority 91.66% of the drug users were from government school (9 times more risk), 9/12 (75%) of the drug users were males. A total of 10% (90/900) of the study population were consuming tobacco. All of these adolescents smoke and 87.78% (79/90) chew tobacco.
Conclusion: Although proportion seems less, yet the age at which these young students have been exposed to and indulged in substance abuse is a matter of concern.
Perception and attitude toward online versus traditional anatomy teaching: An internet-based cross-sectional study among Indian medical students during COVID pandemic
Authors: Sarkar Satabdi , Anasuya Ghosh  , Biswabina Ray  , Anirban Dasgupta  , Sarkar Arpita
Published: September 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated conduction of online medical education in India in both synchronized and asynchronized modes. Before the pandemic, the online teaching had very limited role in anatomy education in India.
Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to know the student’s perceptions and attitudes regarding online versus traditional anatomy teaching, the problems hindering online anatomy learning, and the areas of anatomy students enjoyed in virtual lessons.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among the 1st year medical students of various institutions of India based on a questionnaire applied by Google Forms. Relevant information on student’s sociodemographic profile and their perception toward online versus traditional anatomy teaching were obtained. Four-point Likert scale was used for the responses on perception of teaching. Two hundred and fifty-two responses were studied and statistically analyzed.
Results: Two hundred students (79.36%)used smartphones and 205 students (81.34%) used mobile internet in online learning. More than 90% of students preferred traditional anatomy teaching whereas less than 50% of students liked online anatomy teaching. In comparison with gross anatomy, students preferred online teaching of embryology, histology, and radiological anatomy. One hundred and six students (42.06%) opined that the internet problems were the major obstacle and 87 students (34.52%) considered the physical problems as main hindrances in online classes.Statistically significant increase in screentime after commencement of online class was seen among study participants.
Conclusion: Majority of students preferred (statistically significant) traditional anatomy teaching over online anatomy teaching. Although students enjoyed online learning on selected topics of embryology, histology, and radiological anatomy, the main hindrances encountered in online anatomy classes were internet problems and physical problems.
Comparison of nalbuphine and propofol verses pentazocine and promethazine in tympanoplasty surgeries under monitored anesthesia care
Authors: Deepali Valecha  , Monika Gandhi  , Ravi Barde  , Agrawal Arpit , Kishore Kumar Arora
Published: September 2022

Background: A middle ear surgery (tympanoplasty), is done under various modes of anaesthesia such as local anaesthesia (LA), general anaesthesia (GA) or sedation with local anaesthesia (MAC). It is usually performed under MAC providing advantages of rapid onset, allowing hearing test intraoperatively and early mobilization of the patient.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare effectiveness of nalbuphine and propofol with pentazocine and promethazine combination for intraoperative sedation under monitored anesthesia care for tympanoplasty under local anesthesia (LA).
Materials and Methods: A total 60 patients undergoing tympanoplasty under LA divided in to two groups randomly to receive either IV nalbuphine (50 mcg/kg) and propofol 750 mcgs/kg in 10 min followed by a maintenance infusion at the rate of 25 mcg/kg/min. Group N or pentazocine 0.6 mg/Kg and Inj. Promethazine 0.5 mg/kg IV diluted in 10 ml normal saline over 10 min followed by 25 mcg/kg/min infusion of normal saline (Group P). Sedation was titrated to Ramsay Sedation Score (RSS) of 3. Vital parameters such as HR, BP, SpO2, RSS, visual analog scale score (VAS), requirement of rescue analgesics, mean bleeding score, and surgeon satisfaction score (Likert Scale) were recorded and analyzed.
Results: RSS was higher and VAS score was lower in Group N at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min (P<0.05) that mean bleeding score was lower in Group N as compare to Group P which was statistically significant.
Conclusion: Nalbuphine and propofol combination are superior to pentazocine and promethazine combination in terms of producing better analgesia, sedation with batter surgical field.
Risk factors of mucormycosis in post-COVID-19 patients– A Retrospective study
Authors: Shaheen Zafar  , Vineet Sinha  , Surbhi  , Rohit Kumar
Published: September 2022

Background: Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis was seen in increasing severity in the recent second wave of COVID-19 in India. The incidence of mucormycosis is increased significantly in patients with diabetes. The most common cause attributed to the rise of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients are uncontrolled diabetes. Lymphopenia and increased levels of certain cytokines, such as IL-6, have been closely associated with the disease severity.
Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to analyze risk factors involved in Mucormycosis in 2nd wave of COVID-19.
Materials and Methods: The study was done in the Mucormycosis ward, Department of ENT, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, between May 2021 and July 2021. A total of 100 patients of both gender and all age groups were taken into the study.
Results: Out of 100 patients included in the study, 57% (n=57) of patients had history of steroid intake, while 43% (n=43) had no history. About 41% (n=41) of patients needed oxygen support during treatment,while 59% (n=59) had no history of oxygen inhalation. About 88% (n=88) of patients had prior history of diabetes or detected during treatment, while 12% (n=12) had no prior history of diabetes or detected during treatment. About 91% (n=91)of patients had uncontrolled hyperglycemia, while 9% (n=9) had controlled blood sugar level.
Conclusion: Uncontrolled hyperglycemia and delta strain are mainly associated major risk factors that lead to such high number of mucormycosis cases in India (post 2nd wave of COVID-19). Steroid role is not that much significant in our study and oxygen inhalation is not associated with mucormycosis.
A cytological study on peripheral lymphadenopathy in a tertiary care center with special reference to tuberculous lymphadenitis
Authors: Sanjuna Dharmalingam  , Suresh Kumar Sutrakar  , Jatav Jagannath , Verma Sadhana
Published: September 2022

Background: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the most common, cost-effective, and time-efficient cytological diagnostic procedure and is used routinely in cases of swelling or lymph node enlargement at accessible sites. FNAC plays an important role in diagnosing benign and malignant lesions of peripheral lymphadenopathy cases and also provides a valuable screening test.
Aims and Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate various cytomorphological manifestations of lymphadenopathies and the suggestive cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis were divided based on their cytomorphological patterns.
Materials and Methods: The current prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, SSMC, Rewa, M.P. A total of 150 cases of peripheral lymphadenopathy were subjected to FNAC and were categorized based on their cytological findings. The cases which showed features suggestive of tuberculous lymphadenitis were further categorized into four distinct cytological patterns (I to IV).
Results: Out of 150 cases of peripheral lymphadenopathies, the most common lesion diagnosed cytologically was reactive lymphadenitis (41.3%) followed by tuberculous lymphadenitis in 38.7% cases. The different patterns of tuberculous lymphadenitis on microscopy were divided into four categories from I to IV with pattern I being the most frequently seen (53.5%).
Conclusion: Our study highlighted the various morphological patterns of lymphadenopathy and the most common lesion diagnosed was reactive lymphadenitis. The present study found that FNAC is an effective screening tool for diagnosing benign and malignant lymphadenopathies and also to study the cytomorphological patterns in cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis. It reduces the need for surgical intervention and for the early diagnosis and management of patients with peripheral lymphadenopathy.
Classification of ≥80-year-old individuals into healthy, moderately healthy, and frail based on different frailty scores affects the interpretation of laboratory results
Authors: Edvardsson Maria , Sund Levander Märta , Milberg Anna , Ernerudh Jan , Wressle Ewa , Marcusson Jan , Grodzinsky Ewa
Published: September 2022

Background: Interpretation laboratory analyses are crucial when assessing the patient’s condition. Reference intervals from apparently healthy and disease-free individuals may cause problems when outcomes from elderly patients with chronic diseases and on medications are being interpreted. Elderly individuals are a heterogeneous group ranging from individuals managing their daily life independently to individuals with diseases and impairment, in need of nursing care around the clock, that is, frail; a term widely used although there is no consensus on the definition.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the effect of classification of elderly into healthy, moderately healthy, and frail, based on activities of daily living (ADL) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) or frailty index (FI), on the interpretation of outcomes regarding: Albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, and gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) levels.
Materials and Methods: Individuals ≥80 years (n=568) were classified either on ADL and MMSE or number of deficits, (FI).
Results: Individuals classified as frail based on FI had lower mean levels for ALT, creatinine and γ-GT than individuals classified based on ADL and MMSE (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The model to define health status to some extent affected laboratory analyte levels in ≥80 years old, classified as healthy, moderately healthy, and frail based on ADL and MMSE versus FI.
Clinico mycological profile of Dermatophytosis in patients attending tertiary care hospital in Northern India
Authors: Aishiya Ishrat  , Saba Choudhary  , Masarat Jabeen
Published: September 2022

Background: Dermatophytoses refers to superficial fungal infection of keratinized tissue caused by keratinophilic dermatophytes. It is most common superficial cutaneous infection of stratum corneum affecting hair, nail, and skin.
Aims and Objective: The aim of this study was to study the clinico-mycological profile of dermatophytic infection that are prevalent in this region.
Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from 104 patients which included skin, nail, and hair samples after the detail history and examination of patients. The samples were subjected to direct microscopy and culture. Further identification was done by microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of fungal pathogens.
Results: A total of 104 cases were positive for dermatophytic infection. Among the dermatophytic infections, Tinea corporis (63.4%) was most common clinical type followed by Tinea cruris (18.3%). Males (66.3%) were affected more than females (33.6%) and the age group most affected was 31-45 yrs (46.2%) followed by 16-30 yrs (32.7%) in the current study. Of all the dermatophyte isolates T.rubrum was the most common (77.4%) cause of infection, followed by T. mentagrophytes (12.7%).
Conclusion: The present study reveals the varying trend in the incidence of dermatophyte species which is important to implement treatment regimens and to recommend control measures.
Impacts of Climate Change in Bangladesh and its Consequences on Public Health
Authors: Kibria Golam , Pavel Hasinur Rahman , Miah Md. Rashed , Islam Md. Raisul
Published: September 2022

Climate change can affect many aspects of our lives, for example, health and environment, access to natural resources, safety and security, agriculture and food production. Health issues are the most crucial and burning difficulties for human beings in all of these aspects. The scope of this review considered commonly used methodologies for climate change-induced diseases research and assessment of climate-induced health problems throughout Bangladesh. Surveys, key informant interviews (KII), focus group discussion (FGD), registered hospital visit patient data as well as and other similar methodologies are found popular in this research area. Negligible studies are found that used experimental method including laboratory analysis and registered hospital visit of patient information. Very few experimental studies observed water sample tests and human health-related samples like urine and blood pressure. People living in the coastal part has climate-induced crisis like salinity intrusion, cyclone, storm surge that lead to health problems like diarrhea, cholera, skin diseases, typhoid, chicken pox. While people living in both drought-prone and flood prone areas have health problems like diarrhea, cholera, fever, and skin diseases. People living in the urban and the hilly regions have climate induced crisis of increased temperature and they suffer from vector-borne diseases. Waterborne communicable diseases are the most common climate-induced diseases found in this review. Waterborne non-communicable diseases like hypertension, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and gynecological problems during pregnancy are common and women suffers a lot. Blood pressure and related cardiovascular diseases, jaundice, and respiratory issues are also getting worse day by day which has strong connection with climate change effects like temperature, rainfall and salinity.
COVID-19, A Complex Emotional Well-Being Challenge: A Path to Recovery in Nepal
Authors: Jeeawody A. Basseer , Adhikari Raju , Sivamalai Sundram
Published: September 2022

Mental health and emotional well-being remain an urgent civil societies’ global burden. There is an increasing prevalence of mental health and emotional well-being problems in our societies and nations. There are severe implications from these connected with the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). The COVID-19 has produced the gravest disruption to our nations’ health, education, employability, economy, social structure, and mobility.The pandemic has placed humanity in a global emergency with long-term implications. The population’s emotional well-being, including stress related disorders has been severe and likely to be prolonged. The burden of COVID-19 is escalating despite governmental and non-governmental resources, voluntary, religious organisations, and philanthropic efforts. Nations must address the psycho-social conditions of their population as a public health imperative by identifying the peoples’ emotional well-being needs and prioritise strategies to enable their capacity for ‘doing good’ and ‘feeling of goodness’. The Emotional Well-being Institute (EWBI) advocates the significance of ‘feeling goodness’, and that innovative approaches and research initiatives are urgently needed to understand emotional well-being attributes and their impact on overall mental health. Emotional well-being is a broad concept, one that includes several aspects of our everyday lives. There needs to be a multi-dimensional and a whole-of-society approach when addressing the emotional well-being of highly vulnerable societies and nations, such as Nepal.
Ecosociocentrism: The Earth First Paradigm for Environmental Sustainability and Sustainable Development
Authors: Upreti Gopi
Published: September 2022

Environmental destruction and degradation that have occurred on planet Earth can be attributed largely to the current neo-liberal economic development paradigm, that considers Nature as simply the resource to be extracted and processed for human consumption and material growth. This paradigm does not consider the intrinsic values in Nature, including the values of life support-services, and goods of the natural ecosystem in the economic valuation system, and therefore, maintaining a healthy, productive, and resilient natural ecosystem becomes simply outside its analytical framework. The most important question that needs to be embedded into any development model is the question of values. If the assumptions of the current economic development model are not restructured and the ecological facts and values are not integrated into economic development model, humanity will inevitably face existential crisis on planet Earth. The scientific epistemology that embodies ecological principle of diversity, ecosystem resilience, interconnectedness, self-organizing complexity, and life sustaining environmental services provides the basis for building social and environmental sustainability. This necessitates the need for the integration of environmental ethics into development framework that can provide the guiding principle for human behavioral conduct. It is argued here that there is a need for a pragmatic environmental ethical paradigm that can integrate both the instrumental and intrinsic values in Nature and promote sustainable development that can lay the foundation for eco-civilization. Recognizing our fundamental interconnectedness with other life forms, self-organizing complexity of the living system and the interdependent nature of our existence, it behooves that development be pursued with a pragmatic environmental ethics that recognizes both the instrumental and intrinsic values in sociosphere (society) and ecosphere (nature). Ecosociocentrism, the proposed ethical framework, recognizes instrumental and intrinsic values in ecosphere and sociosphere. Ecosociocentrism envisages to integrate these values prevalent in ecosphere and sociosphere. Ecosociocentrism claims to provide a pragmatic environmental and development ethical framework for human behavioral conduct to live sustainably in good stewardship with Planet Earth, thus, paving the way to a new era of ecocivilization.
Comercio exterior del Perú en el contexto de pre - pandemia y pandemia
Authors: Morales Romero Juan Roberto , Esteban Espinoza David , Alvarez Sanchez Carlos Alberto , Gálvez Escóbar Miguel
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: Analizar la evolución del comercio exterior del Perú en el contexto de Pre-Pandemia y Pandemia. Métodos: El enfoque de investigación es cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, longitudinal y documental con información del Comercio Exterior del Perú desde enero 2019 a noviembre de 2021 del Banco Central de Reserva del Perú (BCRP) Resultados: En cuanto a las exportaciones e importaciones de mercancías se encontró una disrupción o cambios significativos de los flujos de exportación e importación de mercancías reflejadas en un coeficiente de asimetría negativa de las variables de estudio. Conclusiones: La significativa disrupción o cambio de los flujos de comercio exterior del Perú se explica por las medidas restrictivas implementadas a escala global, cierre de las fronteras y paralización de sectores económicos con consecuencias en el PBI de los socios comerciales reflejadas en una recesión  sincronizada a nivel mundial principal factor explicativo del comportamiento de las exportaciones respecto a las importaciones las medidas de confinamiento determinó la contracción de la demanda interna y el PBI doméstico.
Gestión administrativa y compromiso docente de una universidad particular del distrito de Santiago de Surco 2019
Authors: Estela Estela Adán Humberto , Salazar Fernández Homero Cosme
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: Determinar como la gestión administrativa influye sobre el compromiso de los docentes de una universidad particular en el distrito de Surco 2019. Método: investigación cuantitativa con diseño no experimental de corte transversal, carácter descriptivo – correlacional. La población conformada por 150 docentes del primer semestre académico del 2019. Hubo un cuestionario con 32 preguntas, pertinentes a las variables y dimensiones con la escala Likert. Resultados: se demostró que un 92% considera que la gestión administrativa y el compromiso docente muy adecuada. Conclusiones: al incrementarse la gestión administrativa, aumenta el compromiso del profesor en la universidad particular, además que al realizarse las acciones del proceso administrativo y cumplir con los cargosrequeridos para programar las actividades administrativas de los docentes, contribuye al cumplimiento en forma oportuna, alcanzando el compromiso del docente que respaldará el ejercicio de su profesión académica.
Características y producción de cacao: Caso de la zona productora de Amazonas – Perú
Authors: Guimac Cedillo Llunely Yaselit , Verastegui Huanca Lucio Leo
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: Identificar las características principales de la producción de cacao criollo del departamento de Amazonas destinado a la exportación a mercados internacionales. Método: Este estudio es de corte descriptivo. Para lograr el objetivo planteado, se analizó el cacao criollo de siete distritos muestreados, 201 parcelas productoras escogidas de manera no probabilística por conveniencia, localizadas en el departamento de Amazonas. Para el análisis del producto se tomó muestras por triplicado, se analizó la varianza y se realizó un ensayo de cotejo de medias de Tukey empleando significancia del 0,95 haciendo uso del software estadístico Minitab versión 17. Resultados: Del estudio se desprendió el análisis de las peculiaridades organolépticas y fisicoquímicas del cacao criollo, dirigido a la exportación a mercados nacionales e internacionales. Conclusión: El cacao criollo producido en ciertas zonas cacaoteras de La Peca, Copallín, Imaza, Cajaruro, Bagua, Aramango y El Parco, pertenecientes al departamento de Amazonas, poseen las características fisicoquímicas y organolépticos aceptables para su exportación a mercados internacionales
La calidad de servicio en la satisfacción de los usuarios: Caso polideportivo
Authors: Paredes Cruz Jesús Gonzalo , Arohuanca Percca Paula Andrea
Published: September 2022

Puno, 2017, un reportaje revelo el precario estado de las instalaciones, la falta de mantenimiento, y la consecuente insatisfacción en los usuarios del Polideportivo Chanu-Chanu. Esta investigación fue un estudio percepción del usuario a través de dos enfoques: el modelo de la actitud o servperf con la variable calidad de servicio, y el modelo del valor con la variable satisfacción. Objetivo, medir la relación entre calidad de servicio y satisfacción de los usuarios del polideportivo Chanu-Chanu Puno-Perú. Método, enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental, de tipo correlacional y de diseño transversal. Con una muestra de 308 usuarios de una población de 1608, en el rango de un mes. Resultados: entre calidad de servicio y satisfacción existe una correlación de 0,623. Conclusión: según mejore la calidad de servicio aumentara la satisfacción y viceversa, según ambos enfoques, los usuarios estiman el desempeño del servicio a niveles medios.
Evaluation of Assessment of General Administrative Courses at SMK Sumpah Pemuda Jakarta
Authors: Saprudin Achmad , Musringudin
Published: September 2022

In general, all aspects and assessment criteria were met. However, it would be better if the supervision was carried out periodically by the school. However, several aspects and criteria have not been achieved, such as a detailed standard review, several general administration learning targets that have not been achieved, and three characteristics of education quality that have not been met. For this reason, the school must continue to evaluate so that later general administration learning is carried out more effectively and beneficially for the parties concerned. This research is a qualitative research. In this study, the author uses a case study as an investigative method. Furthermore, the research design model used is the discrepancy evaluation (DEM) model. Data collection techniques used: interviews with the school (principals, and teachers), students and parents, document study, and observation. In this study, the researcher used Miles and Huberman model data analysis, namely data analysis carried out at the time of data collection and after data collection was completed in a certain period. Activities in the data analysis model are data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions/verification. The results of this study will have a positive and significant impact on the general administration learning program at this school if the parties optimize as much as possible in minimizing existing gaps and obstacles so that the positive impact of online learning that is carried out is more effective and widespread. Apart from that, future research can continue to explore the alignment between the national learning regulations of general administration and school regulations, as well as the readiness of school information technology facilities in implementing maximum learning.
A new genus of cutlassfish from the Upper Paleocene of Turkmenistan (Scombroidei: Trichiuroidea)
Authors: Prokofiev A.M.
Published: September 2022

A new genus and species of Trichiuroidea, Argestichthys vysotzhyi gen. et sp. n., is described from the Upper Paleocene (middle part Danata Formation) of Turkmenistan. This genus is characterised by several unique derived characters in the structure of body lateral-line system, axial skeleton and jawq dentition, and similar to the Trichiuridae in several advanced characters (single supernumerary spine on first anal pterygiophore, extremely reduced supraoccipital crest, and presence of a pair of anteriorly directed canines on premaxillary). Many primitive characters of the new genus (body shape, low number of vertebrae, structure of suspensorium, opercular series, unpaired fin girdles, etc.) do not occur in the Trichiuridae, but are shared by the new genus with Gempylidae. The new genus also resembles the gempylid Ruvettus in the abdominal position of the first two anal pterygiophores. Therefore, Argestichthys is placed in Trichiuroidea incertae sedis.
Investigatio
Authors: Khoma Oleg
Published: September 2022

An introduction to the new section "Philosophical Handbooks" from the editor-in-chief of Sententiae
The Governor General and Provincial Politics: Jinnah's NWFP Politics (1947-1948)
Authors: Qaisar Shahzad , Ayaz
Published: September 2022

The politics of North-West Frontier Province was a tough task for Jinnah due to well-established rival political parties like Khudai Khidmatgars and Indian National Congress. He revived the dormant Provincial Muslim League in the post-1936 election period.But the situation did not change significantly. After the 3rd June plan,Jinnah wanted dismissal of the Congress ministry, which happened after partition as Jinnah dismissed the Congress-led ministry to install his handpicked Qaiyum Khan ministry. Rumours, doubts, and trust deficit prevailed between both sides. Jinnah guided and favored Qaiyum in every possible way through Governor General's office.Jinnah monitored the politics before and after his last visit to the province till his severe illness.
History, Architecture and Tourism Prospects of the Sharda Temple in Neelum Valley, Pakistan: An Appraisal
Authors: Ahmad Junaid , Arif Anas Mahmud , Anwar Adnan
Published: September 2022

The Sharda Village in remote retreats of Neelum Valley, or initially, the Valley of Kishan Ganga, has a ruined structure. Though it is locally known as an old educational center (a University),according to scholars, it is a Kashmir-style stone temple dedicated to the Sharda goddess. Such temples have been in style from the 5th to 10th century CE. The current study is aimed to assign the date to thetemple through a comparative analysis of its structural remains and highlight some of the tourism prospects associated with this monument. Data for this research was collected through field surveys,group discussions with the local community and secondary sources.
Linkages between Indigenous Knowledge and the Flood Vulnerability in KP, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Abdul Razzaq
Published: September 2022

The present study investigated the use of indigenous knowledge to reduce disaster vulnerability in the district of Charsadda, KP, Pakistan. There are two spells of the rainy season in a year in the study area which caused floods, one in winter and the other in August, the peaked summer rainfall. These floods highly affect the agriculture sector and physical infrastructure in the area. Along with modern techniques, people have the capability to predict through their indigenous knowledge about these floods. The 84 respondents were selected from two village councils by using the multistage sampling technique. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected for the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed for quantitative data and focused group discussion for qualitative data. In the study area, people rely on their own knowledge rather than any government announcement because of its cost-effectiveness and easy management for them.
The legacy of Renaissance surgeon Giovanni Andrea Dalla Croce on the history of military surgery and neurosurgery
Authors: Di Ieva Antonio , Rosenfeld Jeffrey V.
Published: September 2022

Giovanni Andrea Dalla Croce was a Venetian physician who lived in the 16th century and was famous for his treatment of wounds, which was surprisingly modern. He was the military surgeon of the Venetian Republic’s naval fleet. In 1537, he published the Chirurgiae universalis opus absolutum (The absolute work on universal surgery) in Latin, then expanded and translated into vernacular Italian and published in 1574 with the title Cirugia universale e perfetta di tutte le parti pertinenti all’ottimo chirurgo (Universal and perfect surgery of all the parts necessary for the optimal surgeon). This monumental work was a comprehensive handbook of surgery, medicine, and the treatment of many kinds of wounds with techniques to be used on the battlefield. It is also notable for the inclusion of illustrations of various weapons and projectiles, for the most comprehensive description and illustrations of surgical instruments at that time, and for the first illustrations of a surgeon performing trephination of the skull in an operating room. Dalla Croce also considered the writings of his surgical forebears in formulating his own ideas. Dalla Croce was a leader of traumatology, a universal surgeon who exemplified the erudite Renaissance man, and left a tremendous legacy to military surgery of the 16th century and beyond.
Evolution of spinal cord injury treatment in military neurosurgery
Authors: Cornea Christiana M. , Silva Nicole A. , Marble William Sanders , Hooten Kristopher , Sindelar Brian
Published: September 2022

During the mid-1900s, military medicine made historical advancements in the diagnosis, stabilization, and treatment of spinal cord injuries (SCIs). In particular, World War II was an inflection point for clinical practice related to SCIs because of the vast number of devastating injuries to soldiers seen during World War I (WWI). The unprecedented rate of SCI along with growth in the field served as a catalyst for surgical and interdisciplinary advancements through the increased exposure to this challenging pathology. Initially, a tragic fate was assumed for soldiers with SCIs in WWI resulting in a very conservative approach strategy given a multitude of factors. However, soldiers with similar injuries 20 years later saw improved outcomes with more aggressive management interventions by specialists in spine trauma, who applied measures such as spinal traction, arthrodesis, and internal fixation, and with the significant developments in the complex rehabilitation of these patients. This article describes the historical shift in the management of SCIs through the two world wars. These historical lessons of SCI and the fundamental advances in their neurosurgical intervention have molded not only military but also modern civilian treatment of SCI.
The birth of modern military neurosurgery through the eyes of Harvey Cushing’s war memoir From a Surgeon’s Journal, 1915-1918
Authors: Birk Harjus , Stewart Caleb , Kosty Jennifer A.
Published: September 2022

Dr. Harvey Cushing is considered the father of modern neurological surgery, and his role and efforts in World War I continue to have a lasting effect on today’s practice of neurosurgery. During World War I, he embodied the tenets of a neurosurgeon-scientist: he created and implemented novel antiseptic techniques to decrease infection rates after craniotomies, leading him often to be referred to as “originator of brain wound care.” His contributions did not come without struggles, however. He faced criticism for numerous military censorship violations, and he developed a severe peripheral neuropathy during the war. However, he continued to stress the importance of patient care and his surgical prowess was evident. In this paper, the authors summarize Cushing’s notes published in From a Surgeon’s Journal, 1915-1918 and discuss the impact of his experiences on his own practice and the field of neurosurgery.
Obstructive Lung Disease among Patients Performing Spirometry in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shrestha Prinsa , Pant Subash
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Obstructive lung disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide which causes economic and social burdens. Spirometry is a standard test for screening and evaluating patients with symptoms of chronic respiratory diseases and is the investigation of choice for identifying airflow obstruction. Chronic obstructive lung disease prevalence, mortality, and morbidity vary across different countries. The study aimed to find out the prevalence of obstructive lung disease among the patients performing spirometry in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the pulmonary function test clinic of the Department of Internal Medicine of a tertiary care hospital between 1 October 2021 and 31 March 2022 from hospital records. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 200320203). Convenience sampling was done. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Among 401 patients, obstructive lung disease was present in 173 (43.14%) (38.29-47.99, 95% Confidence Interval). The mean age was 55.78±18.54 years. The most common symptom for referral was dyspnea seen in 151 (87.30%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of obstructive lung disease in our study was higher compared to other studies from the similar setting. Spirometry should be used more frequently for diagnosis and to stratify patients for appropriate treatment.
Irregular Antenatal Care Attendance among Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Maharajan Meenu , Sen Kamana , Thapa Bibechan , Shrestha Sushmita , Jayaswal Aradhana , Poudel Alina , Basnet Prasnna , Rana Sunita Rajya Laxmi , Chaudhary Sneha , Shrestha Pratistha , Bhandari Kritick
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has made access to antenatal care services difficult, which could lead to serious implications for the health of mothers and fetus. There is limited study regarding its impact on pregnant women. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of irregular antenatal care attendance among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among pregnant women attending antenatal care visits at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in a tertiary care centre from 23 July 2021 to 5 September 2021. Ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 077/078/67). Convenience sampling was done. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Among 196 pregnant women, 49 (25%) (18.96-31.06, 95% Confidence Interval) had irregular antenatal care attendance during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusions: The prevalence of irregular antenatal care attendance during the COVID-19 pandemic was lower than other studies done in similar settings. Antenatal care is crucial to prevent maternal, fetal morbidity and mortality, hence uninterrupted antenatal care services should be provided even during crisis situation like COVID-19 pandemics.
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy under General Anaesthesia in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Thapa Chitra , Bajracharya Gautam Ratna , Acharya Sulav , Shrestha Nisha
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Postoperative nausea and vomiting are frequent complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Several risk factors have been associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia at a tertiary care centre from 1 July 2021 to 30 April 2022 after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 050-077/078). Convenience sampling was done. All the patients received antiemetic prophylaxis with ondansetron. The general anaesthetic technique was standardised in all the patients. They were followed up 24 hours after surgery for an episode of nausea and vomiting. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Among 200 patients, postoperative nausea and vomiting were seen in 28 (14%) (9.19-18.81, 95% Confidence Interval). Among them, 7 (25%) of the patients experienced post-operative vomiting as well.
Conclusions: The prevalence of postoperative nausea and vomiting among patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our study was lower when compared to other studies conducted in similar settings.
A society engulfed by uncertainty and risk: the inconsistency of institutional transformations
Authors: Kolomiec Andrej
Published: September 2022

The article deals with the problems of criteria for assessing institutional transformations, legitimization and legalization of institutions. It is noted that institutional transformations in modern society, which normally are the result of gradual and long-term processes, can also be contradictory and subjected to increasing pressure from uncertain threats and risks, in particular, due to an increase in the likelihood and scale of "the market failures" and "the state failures", the marginalization of society, acute social conflicts, and negative effects of informatization. At the same time, scientific ideas about the criteria for choosing the appropriate institutional transformations continue to be largely vague.
Cataract, abnormal electroretinogram and visual evoked potentials in a child with SMA-LED2 - extending the phenotype
Authors: Oliwa Agata , Joseph Shuko , Millar Eoghan , Horrocks Iain , Penman Dawn , Baptista Julia , Cullup Thomas , Constantinou Panayiotis , Heuchan Anne-Marie , Hamilton Ruth , Longman Cheryl
Published: September 2022

This case report describes a girl who presented antenatal arthrogryposis and postnatal hypotonia, generalized and respiratory weakness, joint deformities particularly affecting the lower limbs and poor swallow. By 5 months, cataracts, abnormal electroretinograms, visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and global developmental impairments were recognized. No causative variants were identified on targeted gene panels. After her unexpected death at 11 months, gene-agnostic trio whole exome sequencing revealed a likely pathogenic de novo BICD2 missense variant, NM_001003800.1, c.593T>C, p.(Leu198Pro), confirming the diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy lower extremity predominant type 2 (SMA-LED2). We propose that cataract, abnormal electroretinograms and VEPs are novel features of SMA-LED2.
Micro-CT analysis of 3D printed provisional crowns fitting
Authors: Alsubaiy Ebrahim Fihaid
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: The provisional crowns (PR) play an important role during the course of fixed prosthesis treatment. The fitting of PR varies and depends on various factors. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of PR produced by three-dimensional (3D) printing technique and to compare those with PR made by the milling technique by using micro computed tomography (μCT) on three commonly used finish line designs. METHOD: Ninety study models were made using metal die of #14 tooth (i.e. maxillary 1st premolar molar) prepared for full veneer crown with three different finish line chamfer (C), rounded shoulder (RS) and rounded shoulder with bevel (RSB). PR was fabricated on each study model, using milling (MiL group, n= 45), and 3D printing technique (3D-P group, n= 45). Marginal and internal fit of each study model was measured by micro computed tomography, at 7 Zones Pr-1- Pr-7 on each finish line. Recorded data were statistically analysed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and using Dunnett t-Test (p> 0.05). RESULTS: The mean gap at margins was minimum for provisional crowns in 3D-P group in any finish line with minimum in rounded shoulder with bevel at zone Pr-1 30.9 ± 5.3 and at zone Pr-7 32.7 ± 5.3. In the axial region, i.e. zone Pr-2, the smallest gap was recorded in the 3D-P group and in the occlusal region, for zone Pr-3, 4 and 5, the maximum gap was recorded in the MiL group. CONCLUSION: The provisional crowns fabricated by 3D printed technique have better marginal and internal fit than the provisional crowns made by milling technique.
Systematic Review of the SARS-CoV-2 Viral Vector Vaccine AstraZeneca (Azd1222)
Authors: Zahid Rohama , Riaz Samreen
Published: September 2022

It has been more than two years since the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic all over the world. Scientists still are in search of a permanent treatment and cure of this infectious disease. In this regard, on 20th April, 2020, AstraZeneca in collaboration with the Oxford University came up with a recombinant adenovirus-based vaccine labeled as “ChAdOx1 nCoV-19” or “AZD1222”. Approximately, 22 viral vector-based vaccines are in the trial stage and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 falls under the category of non-replicating viral vector-based vaccines. During vaccine development, ChAdOx-1 vector was specifically designed by red lambda recombination of Y25 serotype (chimpanzee) with HAdV-C5 serotype (human). In July 2020, clinical trials were initiated but due to some controversial side effects, these trials were halted for a while and resumed later on. AstraZeneca has been reported to generate both humoral and cell mediated immune responses. This vaccine exhibited 63% efficacy with few side effects. It also exhibited dwindling efficacy against the emerging variants of COVID-19. Since then, heterologous prime boost vaccination has been initiated, exhibiting elevated efficacy. Until now, 42.6% population of the world has been vaccinated with a single dose and this number is rising rapidly. However, due to the emerging variants of COVID-19, the efficacy of the majority of vaccines is decreasing. So, the manufacturers must work on making the vaccines more effective against these new variants as well. This review is written with the intention of summing up all the reported data regarding AZD1222 in order to provide a proper overview.
Library Hosted Open Access Journals as Tools for Teaching Publishing Practices
Authors: Roinila Markku , Ala-Kyyny Juuso
Published: September 2022

We will discuss teaching publishing practices and different forms of student participation in three open access journals hosted by Helsinki University Library’s Editori-service, two of which are from a field of neurosciences. As a theoretical framework, we will distinguish between classroom journals (with students providing the content and teacher acting as an editor), student-led journals (students acting in both roles) and mock journals (which are like classroom journals, but the journal remains unpublished). Our discussion is founded on interviews of journal editors and analysis of student roles in the journals. In addition, we will mention one previous experiment of a mock journal in Editori-service, related to a Doctoral School working seminar in Humanities and Social Sciences.