bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid and Digital Detection of Inflammatory Biomarkers Enabled by a Novel Portable Nanoplasmonic Imager
Authors: Belushkin Alexander , Yesilkoy Filiz , González‐López Juan Jose , Ruiz‐Rodríguez Juan Carlos , Ferrer Ricard , Fàbrega Anna , Altug Hatice
Published: December 2019

New point‐of‐care diagnostic devices are urgently needed for rapid and accurate diagnosis, particularly in the management of life‐threatening infections and sepsis, where immediate treatment is key. Sepsis is a critical condition caused by systemic response to infection, with chances of survival drastically decreasing every hour. A novel portable biosensor based on nanoparticle‐enhanced digital plasmonic imaging is reported for rapid and sensitive detection of two sepsis‐related inflammatory biomarkers, procalcitonin (PCT) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) directly from blood serum. The device achieves outstanding limit of detection of 21.3 pg mL−1 for PCT and 36 pg mL−1 for CRP, and dynamic range of at least three orders of magnitude. The portable device is deployed at Vall d'Hebron University Hospital in Spain and tested with a wide range of patient samples with sepsis, noninfectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and healthy subjects. The results are validated against ultimate clinical diagnosis and currently used immunoassays, and show that the device provides accurate and robust performance equivalent to gold‐standard laboratory tests. Importantly, the plasmonic imager can enable identification of PCT levels typical of sepsis and SIRS patients in less than 15 min. The compact and low‐cost device is a promising solution for assisting rapid and accurate on‐site sepsis diagnosis.
Evolution of functional size measures through ICONIX process phases
Authors: Liu Geng , Lavazza Luigi , Tosi Davide
Published: December 2019

Functional size measures are used in several software development processes, because they can be applied as soon as the functional user requirements of a software application have been specified. Quite often, functional user requirements are used as the main input of effort and cost estimation. Since effort and cost estimates are fundamental for decision making, project managers would like to get reasonably accurate estimates even before user requirements have been specified completely and at the proper level of detail. To this end, early size estimation methods have been proposed. In this paper, we consider a specific situation; namely, we consider processes in which the requirements elicitation and modeling phases are carried out according to the ICONIX process. The ICONIX process involves a few stages, each one tackling an aspect of requirements and delivering a specific artifact, in the form of a UML model. We explore the possibility of deriving from ICONIX artifacts the information needed to estimate the final size of the application. To this end, we analyzed the requirements of 21 software applications and derived statistical models that correlate the information extracted from ICONIX artifacts to the size, expressed in function points, of the application. The analysis of the achieved estimates shows that the approach is viable, in that it provides early estimates with good accuracy.
New Conjugated Polymers Based on Dithieno[2,3‐e:3′,2′‐g]Isoindole‐7,9(8H)‐Dione Derivatives for Applications in Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Keshtov Mukhamed L. , Kuklin Sergei A. , Konstantinov Igor O. , Khokhlov Alexey R. , Nikolaev Alexander Y. , Dou Chuandong , Zou Yingping , Suhtar Rakesh , Sharma Ganesh D.
Published: December 2019

The fast evolution of the narrow bandgap nonfullerene acceptors requires new conjugated wide bandgap polymers for the use of nonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs). Herein, two new wide bandgap A1–D1–A2–D1 conjugated polymers with the same dithieno[2,3‐e:3′,2′‐g]isoindole‐7,9(8H)‐dione (DTID) acceptor (A1) and thiophene donor (D1) and different A2 acceptor units, i.e., benzothiadiazole (BT) and fluorinated benzothiadiazole (f‐BT) denoted as P113 and P114, are designed, and the effect of fluorination of the BT acceptor unit on the photovoltaic properties of PSCs using nonfullerene acceptors is investigated. It is found that the incorporation of fluorine atom into the BT acceptor unit increases the absorption coefficients and the relative dielectric constant. The increase in photoluminescence quenching, reduction in charge recombination loss, and improvement in the charge carrier life are observed for P114. All these factors result in the drastically improved power conversion efficiency of P114:ITIC‐m‐based PSC to 10.42% with a small energy loss of 0.56 eV as compared with the P113 counterpart (8.74% with an energy loss of 0.69 eV) under identical conditions. The low energy loss is beneficial to overcome the trade‐off between open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current.
Incorporation of Hydrogen Molybdenum Bronze in Solution‐Processed Interconnecting Layer for Efficient Nonfullerene Tandem Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zeng Wenwu , Xie Cong , Wang Wen , Li Sheng , Jiang Xueshi , Xiong Sixing , Sun Lulu , Qin Fei , Han Hongwei , Zhou Yinhua
Published: December 2019

Tandem solar cells are attractive because they can break the Shockley–Queisser efficiency limit of single‐junction cells. However, it is still quite challenging to fabricate efficient nonfullerene tandem organic solar cells (OSCs) because of their complicated and vulnerable multilayers and interfaces. The interconnecting layer (ICL) between two subcells is the key part in efficient tandem solar cells, which should be designed properly based on the property of active layers. Herein, the incorporation of hydrogen molybdenum bronze (HxMoO3) between the bottom active layer and PEDOT:PSS/ZnO to form a new ICL is proposed. The contribution of the HxMoO3 is two fold: 1) it can well wet the hydrophobic active layer surface and form a uniform film. It provides a hydrophilic surface for the following deposition of PEDOT:PSS; 2) the HxMoO3 has a high work function of 5.4 eV that is higher than PEDOT:PSS (5.0 eV) and can extract holes more efficiently from the active layer with the deep highest occupied molecular orbital energy level. Nonfullerene tandem solar cells with a high fill factor of 76.0% and power conversion efficiency of 15.03% are obtained with this ICL.
Investigation on the Effects of Glycerol and Clay Contents on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Maize Starch Nanocomposite Films
Authors: Mansour Gabriel , Zoumaki Maria , Marinopoulou Anna , Raphaelides Stylianos N. , Tzetzis Dimitris , Zoumakis Nikolaos
Published: December 2019

Nanocomposite films are prepared using normal maize starch, plasticized with glycerol and water and three different types of montmorillonite clay employing the solution method. A series of samples with different compositions is prepared by varying the concentrations of glycerol and nanoclay. The tensile properties of films are investigated as a function of clay and plasticizer contents. The experimental results indicate a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of nanocomposite films prepared with sodium montmorillonite clay as compared to commercial organoclay and Kimolian montmorillonite clay. ANOVA tests and regression models indicate that both glycerol and clay contents influence significantly the mechanical properties of films, and the tensile properties of nanocomposite films are enhanced even at lower clay content. The best results are obtained with nanocomposites at glycerol concentration of about 20 wt% and clay content of about 10 wt%. The intercalated nanocomposite structure of the films is ascertained by wide angle XRD analysis whereas the morphology of samples is examined by scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy.
MicroRNA-124a inhibits endoderm lineage commitment by targeting Sox17 and Gata6 in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Liew Lee Chuen , Gailhouste Luc , Tan Geok Chin , Yamamoto Yusuke , Takeshita Fumitaka , Nakagama Hitoshi , Ochiya Takahiro
Published: December 2019

The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) during mouse early development, especially in endoderm germ layer formation, is largely unknown. Here, via miRNA profiling during endoderm differentiation, we discovered that miR-124a negatively regulates endoderm lineage commitment in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). To further investigate the functional role of miR-124a in early stages of differentiation, transfection of embryoid bodies with miR-124a mimic was performed. We showed that overexpression of miR-124a inhibits endoderm differentiation in vitro through targeting the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of Sox17 and Gata6, revealing the existence of interplay between miR-124a and the Sox17/Gata6 transcription factors in hepato-specific gene regulation. In addition, we presented a feasible in vivo system that utilizes teratoma and gene expression profiling from microarray to quantitatively evaluate the functional role of miRNA in lineage specification. We demonstrated that ectopic expression of miR-124a in teratomas by intratumor delivery of miR-124a mimic and Atelocollagen, significantly suppressed endoderm and mesoderm lineage differentiation while augmenting the differentiation into ectoderm lineage. Collectively, our findings suggest that miR-124a plays a significant role in mESCs lineage commitment.
Selection of Nonoperative Management Candidates
Authors: Schwab C. William
Published: December 2019

The liver and spleen are the most commonly injured intraabdominal organs and comprise most of the injuries to the solid viscera during blunt abdominal injury. The contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan has emerged as an accurate, safe diagnostic tool for blunt torso trauma, making nonoperative management of even severe injury to the liver and spleen possible. This review concentrates on the trends, patient selection criteria, and some of the risks of nonoperative management of hemodynamically stable patients with blunt liver and spleen injury.
Surgeons Who Contributed to the Enlightenment of Japanese Medicine
Authors: Hiki Sumiko
Published: December 2019

Until the sixteenth century internal medicine, primarily Chinese medicine, had been predominant in Japan.
From 1639, under the national seclusion policy of the Tokugawa Shogunate, Japan's doors were closed to the West; and Japan had no trade relations with any countries except China and Holland. Only in Nagasaki, where a Dutch settlement was located, were Japanese able to learn about Western culture and Western medicine. Through the medical education and services provided by Philipp Franz von Siebold, Western surgery was introduced to Japan. In 1854 Japan was opened to the world,
and many German physicians were invited to provide medical education in Japan. The German medical education system continued until about 1950.
After World War II, Japanese medical education was reformed, and several medical professors from U.S. universities were sent to Japan.
One was Charles G. Johnston of Wayne State University. Thanks to the efforts of these visiting American professors, many young Japanese doctors were sent to the United States to study surgery, anesthesia,
and the like. These doctors later became the leaders of medical education in Japan. The guidance and friendship of these foreign doctors had a profound effect on the progress and advancement of modern Japanese medicine.
Diaphragm Myoplasty in the Prevention of Complications after Surgery of Hydatid Disease of the Liver
Authors: Dosios Theodosios , Kouraklis Gregory , Karatzas Gabriel
Published: December 2019

Abstract

A variety of techniques have been used for surgical treatment of hepatic hydatid cysts. The objective of this study is to describe the technique of diaphragm myoplasty, and to present our experience in the treatment of selected patients with hydatid disease of the liver by means of this alternative surgical technique. The technique combines a diaphragm myoplasty with a wide partial cystectomy performed through a right thoracophrenotomy incision. The medical records of the patients with hydatid disease of the liver who were submitted to surgical treatment with this technique were reviewed. The clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, operative notes, and postoperative results were analyzed. Eight consecutive patients with hepatic hydatid cyst were operated on. The cyst was located in the posterior‐superior aspect of the right hepatic lobe in all patients. Five patients suffered from recurrence of a previously operated hepatic hydatid cyst, and two patients suffered from complications of their disease. There was no in‐hospital mortality or morbidity. The early and late postoperative results compare favorably with the results of other investigators. The alternative surgical technique for treatment of selected patients with hepatic hydatid disease is indicated for patients with a cyst located in the posterior‐superior aspect of the right hepatic lobe, especially if there is a recurrence of the disease after a previous surgery or involvement of the diaphragm and/or the intrathoracic organs. The technique provides easy and safe access to the cyst and carries most of the advantages of omentoplasty.
Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Liver: Clinicopathologic Study of 10 Surgically Treated Cases
Authors: Yeh Chun‐Nan , Jan Yi‐Yin , Chen Miin‐Fu
Published: December 2019

Abstract

This investigation presents the clinical features and outcomes of 10 surgically treated primary adenosquamous carcinomas of the liver (ADS‐CCC). Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma (CCC) occurs less frequently than hepatocellular carcinoma in most parts of the world. Reports of surgically treated cases of ADS‐CCC are sporadic owing to the low resectability rate, difficulty of making an early diagnosis, and its poor prognosis. Furthermore, clinicopathologic studies based on a limited number of surgically treated cases are still lacking. From 1988 to 1999 the clinical features of 10 surgically treated cases of ADS‐CCC were reviewed, including clinical features, operative findings, the pathologic picture, and long‐term results. The clinical features and outcomes of 171 patients with CCC were also summarized for comparison. Of 181 surgically treated CCC patients, 10 (5.3%) had ADS‐CCC. Low bilirubin values and high resectability were prominent in the patients in the ADS‐CCC group compared with those in the CCC group. The prognosis for ADS‐CCC is dismal, although overall survival did not differ significantly between these two groups. Hepatic resection and curative hepatic resection had significant benefit on the overall survival in the CCC group but only hepatic overall survival in the ADS‐CCC group. The 1‐ and 3‐year survival rates of ADS‐CCC and CCC patients were 22.2%/0% and 33.7/9.4%, respectively. This investigation presents the clinical features and outcomes of 10 surgically treated ADS‐CCC patients. ADS‐CCC exhibited higher resectability than CCC. Although hepatic resection might benefit the treatment and prolong the survival of ADS‐CCC patients, the prognosis is still dismal because of the specific biologic behavior of the tumor.
Soluble Adhesion Molecules and Myocardial Injury during Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Wei Minxin , Kuukasjärvi Pekka , Laurikka Jari , Kaukinen Seppo , Iisalo Pekka , Laine Seppo , Tarkka Matti
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Cardiopulmonary bypass is acknowledged to be one of the major causes of a complex systemic inflammatory response after cardiac surgery. Leukocyte‐endothelial binding followed by neutrophil migration appears to play a central role. These interactions are mediated by adhesion molecules on the surface of activated cells. The present study compared the perioperative levels of soluble adhesion molecules after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with or without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Altogether, 9 patients underwent off‐pump revascularization and 11 did so with CPB. Plasma levels of soluble adhesion molecules sE‐selectin and sP‐selectin and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1) were measured before anesthesia induction and 1, 4, and 20 hours after reperfusion to the myocardium. The baseline plasma levels of the adhesion molecules were similar in the two groups. Perioperative levels of sE‐selectin remained the same and did not differ between groups. Plasma sP‐selectin increased in both groups, the change being significantly greater in the CPB group than that in the off‐pump group (p = 0.001). Plasma sICAM‐1 decreased during an early stage after CABG with CPB, recovering at 4 hours after reperfusion; and a significant increase in ICAM‐1 was observed 20 hours later. In the off‐pump group, sICAM‐1 levels did not change at 1 and 4 hours after reperfusion but increased 20 hours later. Postoperative creatine kinase–muscle bound (CK‐MB) levels were significantly higher in the CPB group than in the off‐pump group (p = 0.001). The change in sP‐selectin levels also showed a correlation with CK‐MB values (r = 0.676, p = 0.001). The results indicated that off‐pump revascularization is associated with reduced endothelial activation and myocardial injury.
The Safety and Survival Outcome of Hepatectomy with Combined Bile Duct Resection for Colorectal Liver Metastasis
Authors: Ito Takaaki , Sugiura Teiichi , Okamura Yukiyasu , Yamamoto Yusuke , Ashida Ryo , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Yasui Hirofumi , Yamazaki Kentaro , Uesaka Katsuhiko
Published: December 2019

Background

Biliary confluence is sometimes involved in colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM), and therefore bile duct resection (BDR) is occasionally necessary for complete resection. However, the utility of hepatectomy with combined BDR is unclear. The safety and survival outcome of hepatectomy with combined BDR for CRLM was assessed.

Methods

Patients who underwent hepatectomy for CRLM between 2002 and 2017 were identified from a prospectively compiled database. Postoperative outcomes were compared between patients undergoing hepatectomy alone and with combined BDR for CRLM.

Results

A total of 734 patients who underwent hepatectomy for CRLM were included. Hepatectomy with combined BDR was performed in 16 (2.1%) patients. The postoperative complications rate (Clavien–Dindo ≥ 3) of patients undergoing hepatectomy with BDR was 31.2%, which was higher than that without BDR (P = 0.001) for CRLM. The mortality rate of surgery for CRLM was 0%. The 5‐ and 10‐year relapse‐free survival (RFS) rates for hepatectomy with BDR were 45.0% and 30.0%, respectively. Patients undergoing hepatectomy with BDR had a similar RFS to those without BDR for CRLM (P = 0.351). The 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival (OS) rates for hepatectomy with BDR were 62.6% and 62.6%, respectively. Patients undergoing hepatectomy with BDR had a similar OS to those without BDR for CRLM (P = 0.738).

Conclusions

In conclusion, hepatectomy with combined BDR was a potentially feasible treatment option that obtained favorable survival outcomes in patients with invasion of the biliary confluence by CRLM, although BDR with hepatectomy for CRLM was associated with a high rate of morbidity.
Validity of reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder in adolescence
Authors: Seim Astrid R. , Jozefiak Thomas , Wichstrøm Lars , Kayed Nanna S.
Published: December 2019

Although reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) are acknowledged as valid disorders in young children, controversy remains regarding their validity in adolescence. An unresolved question is whether symptoms of RAD and DSED are better conceptualized as other psychiatric disorders at this age. All adolescents (N = 381; 67% consent; 12–20 years old) living in residential youth care in Norway were interviewed to determine the symptoms and diagnosis of RAD/DSED and other common psychiatric disorders using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA). The construct validity of RAD and DSED, including structural and discriminant validity, was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis and latent profile analysis. Two-factor models distinguishing between symptoms of RAD and DSED and differentiating these symptoms from the symptoms of other psychiatric disorders revealed better fit than one-factor models. Symptoms of RAD and DSED defined two distinct latent groups in a profile analysis. The prevalence of RAD was 9% (95% CI 6–11%), and the prevalence of DSED was 8% (95% CI 5–11%). RAD and DSED are two distinct latent factors not accounted for by other common psychiatric disorders in adolescence. RAD and DSED are not uncommon among adolescents in residential youth care and therefore warrant easy access to qualified health care and prevention in high-risk groups.
Are women more likely to throw the rascals out? The mobilizing effect of social service spending on female voters
Authors: Alexander Amy C. , Bågenholm Andreas , Charron Nicholas
Published: December 2019

This study focuses on gender differences in voter reactions to a corruption scandal in one’s preferred party. We analyze, in a framework of ‘exit, voice and loyalty’, whether women differ from men in terms of turnout (exit), and given that they vote, whether they prefer a clean alternative party (voice) or whether they continue to vote for their preferred party (loyalty) involved in a corruption scandal. We employ sequential logit models using data from the European Quality of Government Index (EQI) survey from 2017, which contains roughly 77,000 respondents from 21 EU countries and 185 regions. We find that women generally are less tolerant of corruption, but that the effect is highly conditional. In areas where social service spending is more widespread, we find that female respondents are more likely to vote for an alternative party. Yet the odds of exit increase among women when social service spending is lower.
Monogene frühmanifeste Osteoporose und Altersosteoporose – ein Kontinuum
Authors: Kornak Uwe , Oheim Ralf
Published: December 2019

Das Risiko für atraumatische/osteoporotische Frakturen nimmt ab einem Alter von 55 Jahren zu und wird zu einem großen Teil durch die individuelle Knochenmineraldichte und -struktur bestimmt. Durch Modeling während des Wachstums und anschließendes Remodeling passen Osteoblasten und Osteoklasten als Teil der sog. „basic multicellular unit“ das Knochengewebe kontinuierlich an die Erfordernisse an. Angeborene Störungen ihrer Funktion und/oder ihres Zusammenspiels durch häufige oder seltene Genvarianten können durch verzögerten Knochenaufbau oder beschleunigten Knochenabbau zu einer pathologisch niedrigen Knochenmineraldichte (BMD) führen. Häufige Varianten in über 500 Genloci erklären zusammen derzeit ca. 20 % der BMD-Varianz und beeinflussen das Risiko der Altersosteoporose. In einem signifikanten Teil der erwachsenen Patienten mit frühmanifester Osteoporose (vor dem 55. Lebensjahr) finden sich hingegen seltene Varianten als monogene Krankheitsursache. Aufgrund der mitunter sehr milden und variablen Manifestation dieser monogenen Krankheiten ist die genetische Diagnostik die zuverlässigste Möglichkeit der molekularen Zuordnung. Die bei der früh- und spätmanifesten Osteoporose involvierten Gene zeigen eine deutliche Überlappung, besonders bei Genen mit Funktion im Wnt-Signalweg. Die Einbeziehung genetischer Varianten in den diagnostischen Prozess erlaubt eine genauere Prognose und möglicherweise auch eine spezifischere Therapie. Auf die Altersosteoporose lässt sich dieser personalisierte Ansatz unter Umständen in einem nächsten Schritt mithilfe polygener Risiko-Scores übertragen.
Neuronal Control of Esophageal Peristalsis and Its Role in Esophageal Disease
Authors: Nikaki K. , Sawada A. , Ustaoglu A. , Sifrim D.
Published: December 2019

Purpose of Review

Esophageal peristalsis is a highly sophisticated function that involves the coordinated contraction and relaxation of striated and smooth muscles in a cephalocaudal fashion, under the control of central and peripheral neuronal mechanisms and a number of neurotransmitters. Esophageal peristalsis is determined by the balance of the intrinsic excitatory cholinergic, inhibitory nitrergic and post-inhibitory rebound excitatory output to the esophageal musculature.

Recent Findings

Dissociation of the longitudinal and circular muscle contractions characterizes different major esophageal disorders and leads to esophageal symptoms. Provocative testing during esophageal high-resolution manometry is commonly employed to assess esophageal body peristaltic reserve and underpin clinical diagnosis.

Herein, we summarize the main factors that determine esophageal peristalsis and examine their role in major and minor esophageal motility disorders and eosinophilic esophagitis.
Right weak Engel conditions on linear groups
Authors: Wehrfritz B. A. F.
Published: December 2019

If X is a group-class, a group G is right X-Engel if for all g in G there exists an X-subgroup E of G such that for all x in G there is a positive integer m(x) with [g, nx] ∈ E for all n ≥ m(x). Let G be a linear group. Special cases of our main theorem are the following. If X is the class of all Chernikov groups, or all finite groups, or all locally finite groups, then G is right X-Engel if and only if G has a normal X-subgroup modulo which G is hypercentral. The same conclusion holds if G has positive characteristic and X is one of the following classes; all polycyclic-by-finite groups, all groups of finite Prüfer rank, all minimax groups, all groups with finite Hirsch number, all soluble-by-finite groups with finite abelian total rank. In general the characteristic zero case is more complex.
Infection control for third-party benefit: lessons from criminal justice
Authors: Douglas Thomas
Published: December 2019

This article considers what can be learned regarding the ethical acceptability of intrusive interventions intended to halt the spread of infectious disease (‘Infection Control’ measures) from existing ethical discussion of intrusive interventions used to prevent criminal conduct (‘Crime Control’ measures). The main body of the article identifies and briefly describes six objections that have been advanced against Crime Control, and considers how these might apply to Infection Control. The final section then draws out some more general lessons from the foregoing analysis for the ethical acceptability of different kinds of Infection Control.
Correction to: Coastal Social Vulnerability and Risk Analysis for Cyclone Hazard Along the Andhra Pradesh, East Coast of India
Authors: Basheer Ahammed K. K. , Pandey Arvind Chandra
Published: December 2019

The article "Coastal Social Vulnerability and Risk Analysis for Cyclone Hazard Along the Andhra Pradesh, East Coast of India", written by K. K. Basheer Ahammed and Arvind Chandra Pandey, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on 21 August 2019 without open access. With the author(s)’ decision to opt for Open Choice the copyright of the article changed in December 2019 to © The Author(s) 2019 and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
Family Inclusive practice in child welfare: report of a Churchill Fellowship study tour
Authors: Cocks Jessica
Published: December 2019

Drawing on the findings of a Churchill Fellowship study tour, this article discusses the need to expand our understanding of family engagement and, in particular, to implement Family Inclusive practice in Australian child welfare, both to increase reunification and to improve outcomes for children who do not return home. I argue for this expansion through the integration of six key elements of Family Inclusive practice drawing on examples of practice and innovation from my study tour. This article commences with a discussion of the literature in support of family engagement and Family Inclusive practice. It is argued that we need to embrace an approach to Family Inclusive practice that acknowledges and addresses power imbalances, is contextualised and goes beyond relationships between workers and families. An exploration of the six elements of Family Inclusive practice follows, contributing to the understanding and practical application of Family Inclusive practice, with reference to initiatives in several countries visited during my study tour as well as to the literature more broadly. If these elements are integrated into child welfare practice and policy, they will contribute to Family Inclusive practice in the interests of children in Australia.
Debunking “pluri-areality”: On the pluricentric perspective of national varieties
Authors: Dollinger Stefan
Published: December 2019

Pluricentric approaches to international varieties have been a mainstay in English dialectology since the 1980s, often implied rather than expressed. What is standard lore in many philologies is today questioned in one philology, however. This paper assesses the pros and cons of the so-called “pluri-areal” perspective, which has in the past few years become prominent in German dialectology. Intended to replace the pluricentric model, “pluri-arealist” perspectives affect the modelling of German standard varieties in Austria and Switzerland, among others. Attempting to falsify claims on both sides, this paper argues from an English-German comparative perspective that the idiosyncratic treatment of national varieties in one context is a problem that threatens the unity of the field regarding how the standard is seen in relation to other varieties. It is shown that the base of the “pluri-areal” paradigm is an a-theoretical perspective of geographical variation that adheres implicitly to aOne Standard German Axiom. This meta-theoretical paper suggests three principles to prevent such terminologically-fuelled confusion henceforth.
ATALANTEPHILANDROS: TEASING OUT SATYRIC INNUENDO (SOPHOCLES, FR. 1111 RADT = HERMOGENES,ON IDEAS2.5)
Authors: Laemmle Rebecca
Published: December 2019

Among the one-word fragments from unknown plays of Sophocles, fr. inc. 1111 R. (φίλανδρον) has been treated as one of the more straightforward. It derives from a passage in Hermogenes of Tarsos’ treatise Περὶ Ἰδεῶν (late second centuryc.e.), which includes the Sophoclean adjective, its referent and a brief gloss: … ὁ Σοφοκλῆς … φίλανδρόν που τὴν Ἀταλάντην εἶπε διὰ τὸ ἀσπάζεσθαι σὺν ἀνδράσιν εἶναι (‘… Sophocles called Atalantephilandrossomewhere because she enjoyed being with men’). Brunck assigned the fragment to Sophocles’ tragicMeleagros; most subsequent editors have edited the fragment assedis incertaewhile commenting favourably on Brunck's ascription. This suggestion has also found support beyond Sophoclean scholarship, and, to my knowledge, no alternative has been brought forward. While the ascription of the fragment to theMeleagrosis prima facie not implausible, I shall argue that a thorough analysis of the difficult passage in Hermogenes calls for a revision of the current lexicographical accounts of the word φίλανδρος—as well as φιλανδρία—and suggests that fr. 1111 may in fact originate in a satyr-play.
PROJECTIONS OF DESIRE AND DESIGN IN EARLY MODERN CARIBBEAN MAPS
Authors: SUTTON ANGELA , YINGLING CHARLTON W.
Published: December 2019

Iconic early European maps of the Caribbean depict neatly parcelled plantations, sugar mills, towns, and fortifications juxtaposed against untamed interiors sketched with runaway slaves and Indigenous toponyms. These extra-geographical symbols of racial and spatial meaning projected desire and design to powerful audiences. Abstractions about material life influenced colonial perceptions and actions upon a space, often to deleterious effects for the Indigenous and African people who were abused in tandem with the region's flora and fauna. The scientific revolution curbed these proscriptive and descriptive ‘thick-mapped’ features that offer historians an underexplored record of early colonial Caribbean life beyond the geographically descriptive. Before this shift from mystery to mastery, the early correlation of colonization and cartography in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries provides a fascinating glimpse into the process of creating the Americas. This article offers ideas for deconstructing old maps as new sources for historians of the early Atlantic World. As digital readers may explore through the roughly fifty maps linked via the footnotes, their informative spectacle naturalized colonialism upon lived and imagined race and space, created an exoticized, commodified Caribbean, and facilitated wealth extraction projects of competing empires made profitable by African labour on Indigenous land.
Half a century of sightings data of southern right whales in Mar del Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Authors: Mandiola Maria A. , Giardino Gisela , Bastida Julián , Morón Sergio , Rodríguez Diego H. , Bastida Ricardo
Published: December 2019

In South-western Atlantic waters, individuals of the southern right whale (SRW)Eubalaena australisspend part of the year (the austral winter and spring) in northern inshore waters where they breed and then migrate to southern feeding grounds during the summer. Mar del Plata (MDP) is located between two main reproductive areas (Península Valdés-Argentina and Santa Catarina-Brazil). The purpose of the present study is to report the presence of SRWs on their journey off the coast of MDP based on sighting records during the past half century. We carried out whale observations through systematic weekly coastal marine mammal surveys in different points of the MDP area from 1966 to 2016. The first SRW sighting was recorded in 1970; since then, sighting frequency has gradually increased, reaching a peak of 28 sightings (N = 63 whales) in 2016. These are unique long-term sighting records of SRWs in Argentina and the first on their journey off the shores of Buenos Aires province. We expect that these results will help local authorities to regulate tourism and other activities in the area and thereby contribute to the conservation of the species.
The dual systems in temporal cognition: A spatial analogy
Authors: Roselli Andrea
Published: December 2019

The model presented by the authors can explain an inherent contradiction in people's naïve theory of time. In this commentary I suggest a way in which another paradox of our phenomenal temporality may be addressed along these lines. In the final section, I also discuss some concerns that may arise about the clear-cut distinction between humans and non-human animals.
Let's call a memory a memory, but what kind?
Authors: Keven Nazim
Published: December 2019

Hoerl & McCormack argue that animals cannot represent past situations and subsume animals’ memory-like representations within a model of the world. I suggest calling these memory-like representations as what they are without beating around the bush. I refer to them as event memories and explain how they are different from episodic memory and how they can guide action in animal cognition.
Limitations of Hoerl and McCormack's dual systems model of temporal consciousness
Authors: Isham Eve A. , Ziskin Elijah M. , Peterson Mary A.
Published: December 2019

Hoerl & McCormack's dual systems framework provides a new avenue toward the scientific investigation of temporal cognition. However, some shortcomings of the model should be considered. These issues include their reliance on a somewhat vague consideration of “systems” rather than specific computational processes. Moreover, the model does not consider the subjective nature of temporal experience or the role of consciousness in temporal cognition.
From temporal updating to temporal reasoning: Developments in young children's temporal representations
Authors: Mayhew Estelle M. Y. , Zhang Meng , Hudson Judith A.
Published: December 2019

Evidence from our research on young children's temporal understanding supports Hoerl & McCormack's view that young children rely on a temporal updating system to change representations over time. We propose that the shift from temporal updating to temporal reasoning is enabled by children's expanding representations of event sequences, along with developments in language, memory, and other cognitive competencies.
Are counterfactuals in and about time?
Authors: Beck Sarah Ruth , Rafetseder Eva
Published: December 2019

We discuss whether the two systems approach can advance understanding of children's developing counterfactual thinking. We argue that types of counterfactual thinking that are acquired early in development could be handled by the temporal updating system, whereas those that emerge in middle childhood require thinking about specific events in time.
A modelling approach to investigate the impact of consumption of three different beef compositions on human dietary fat intakes
Authors: Lenighan Yvonne M , Nugent Anne P , Moloney Aidan P , Monahan Frank J , Walton Janette , Flynn Albert , Roche Helen M , McNulty Breige A
Published: December 2019

Objective:

To apply a dietary modelling approach to investigate the impact of substituting beef intakes with three types of alternative fatty acid (FA) composition of beef on population dietary fat intakes.

Design:

Cross-sectional, national food consumption survey – the National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS). The fat content of the beef-containing food codes (n 52) and recipes (n 99) were updated with FA composition data from beef from animals receiving one of three ruminant dietary interventions: grass-fed (GRASS), grass finished on grass silage and concentrates (GSC) or concentrate-fed (CONC). Mean daily fat intakes, adherence to dietary guidelines and the impact of altering beef FA composition on dietary fat sources were characterised.

Setting:

Ireland.

Participants:

Beef consumers (n 1044) aged 18–90 years.

Results:

Grass-based feeding practices improved dietary intakes of a number of individual FA, wherein myristic acid (C14 : 0) and palmitic acid (C16 : 0) were decreased, with an increase in conjugated linoleic acid (C18 : 2c9,t11) and trans-vaccenic acid (C18 : 1t11; P < 0·05). Improved adherence with dietary recommendations for total fat (98·5 %), SFA (57·4 %) and PUFA (98·8 %) was observed in the grass-fed beef scenario (P < 0·001). Trans-fat intakes were increased significantly in the grass-fed beef scenario (P < 0·001).

Conclusions:

To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to characterise the impact of grass-fed beef consumption at population level. The study suggests that habitual consumption of grass-fed beef may have potential as a public health strategy to improve dietary fat quality.
ON SPRINDŽUK’S CLASSIFICATION OF -ADIC NUMBERS
Authors: BUGEAUD YANN , KEKEÇ GÜLCAN
Published: December 2019

We carry Sprindžuk’s classification of the complex numbers to the field$\mathbb{Q}_{p}$of$p$-adic numbers. We establish several estimates for the$p$-adic distance between$p$-adic roots of integer polynomials, which we apply to show that almost all$p$-adic numbers, with respect to the Haar measure, are$p$-adic$\tilde{S}$-numbers of order 1.
The 2018 Mw 7.5 Papua New Guinea Earthquake: A Possible Complex Multiple Faults Failure Event With Deep‐Seated Reverse Faulting
Authors: Wang Shuai , Xu Caijun , Li Zhenhong , Wen Yangmao , Song Chuang
Published: December 2019

Although the Papuan fold and thrust belt (PFTB) is thought to accommodate convergence between the Pacific and Australian plates, the possible strain partitioning and its kinematic controls in the region are poorly understood. On 25 February 2018, a devastating Mw 7.5 earthquake jolted the southern area of the PFTB, central Papua New Guinea. The detailed imaging of the source parameters of this large earthquake is an urgent demand for a better understanding of the tectonism in the region. Here we used spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar data to carefully determine the possible ruptured faults and associated fault geometries and further estimated the detailed slip of the 2018 Mw 7.5 earthquake. We find that the earthquake involved multiple faults failure, and a four‐segment fault model can reasonably produce the complex coseismic deformation, especially the observed bimodal displacements. The earthquake was dominated by reverse fault motion, and significant slip of up to ~0.7 m was documented on faults extending at depths great than 25 km. An integrated analysis of the fracture complexities suggests that possible strain partitioning in the PFTB could be tightly coupled with regional fault geometries and lithospheric properties. Our findings on the deep brittle failures suggest that crustal shortening across the PFTB could primarily control the growth of fold and thrust belt in the central Papua New Guinea.
High Bulk and Shear Attenuation Due to Partial Melt in the Tonga‐Lau Back‐arc Mantle
Authors: Wei S. Shawn , Wiens Douglas A.
Published: December 2019

Seismic attenuation measures energy loss during seismic wave propagation and quantifies the relaxation of rocks' elastic moduli. Abundant seismic studies have observed shear attenuation, but few have quantified bulk attenuation (bulk modulus relaxation), and these studies controversially locate finite bulk attenuation in different parts of the Earth, from the asthenosphere to the inner core. Here we present conclusive evidence localizing bulk attenuation to a specific region of the uppermost mantle. By analyzing amplitude spectral decay of P and S waves from Tonga earthquakes recorded at local seismic stations, we observe unusually low QP/QS ratios (<1.5) in the Tonga‐Lau mantle wedge. All seismic raypaths with significant path‐average bulk attenuation (Qκ−1 > 0.01 or Qκ < 100) are confined to the region immediately beneath the Lau back‐arc spreading centers west of the Tonga Arc. Tomography results show that the highest bulk attenuation (Qκ−1 = 0.037 ± 0.008 or Qκ = 27.0 ± 0.2) is about 75% of the in situ shear attenuation. The observed high bulk attenuation anomalies coincide with an inferred zone of partial melting, suggesting that the causative mechanism involves either infinitesimal movement of melt through pores or changes in melt fraction in response to seismic waves.
Optimizing Sensor Configurations for the Detection of Slow‐Slip Earthquakes in Seafloor Pressure Records, Using the Cascadia Subduction Zone as a Case Study
Authors: Fredrickson Erik K. , Wilcock William S. D. , Schmidt David A. , MacCready Parker , Roland Emily , Kurapov Alexander L. , Zumberge Mark A. , Sasagawa Glenn S.
Published: December 2019

We present seafloor pressure records from the Cascadia Subduction Zone, alongside oceanographic and geophysical models, to evaluate the spatial uniformity of bottom pressure and optimize the geometry of sensor networks for resolving offshore slow‐slip transients. Seafloor pressure records from 2011 to 2015 show that signal amplitudes are depth‐dependent, with tidally filtered and detrended root‐mean‐squares of <2 cm on the abyssal plain and >6 cm on the continental shelf. This is consistent with bottom pressure predictions from circulation models and comparable to deformation amplitudes from offshore slow slip observed in other subduction zones. We show that the oceanographic component of seafloor pressure can be reduced to ≤1‐cm root‐mean‐square by differencing against a reference record from a similar depth, under restrictions that vary with depth. Instruments at 100–250 m require depths matched within 10 m at separations of <100 km, while locations deeper than 1,400 m are broadly comparable over separations of at least 300 km. Despite the significant noise reduction from this method, no slow slip was identified in the dataset, possibly due to poor spatiotemporal instrument coverage, nonideal deployment geometry, and limited depth‐matched instruments. We use forward predictions of deformation from elastic half‐space models and hindcast pressure from circulation models to generate synthetic slow‐slip observational records and show that a range of slip scenarios produce resolvable signals under depth‐matched differencing. For future detection of offshore slow slip in Cascadia, we recommend a geometry in which instruments are deployed along isobaths to optimize corrections for oceanographic signals.
Impact Experiment on Gneiss: The Effects of Foliation on Cratering Process
Authors: Agarwal Amar , Poelchau Michael H. , Kenkmann Thomas , Rae Auriol , Ebert Matthias
Published: December 2019

Two impact experiments were carried out on blocks of Maggia gneiss to assess the influence of mechanical target anisotropies on the cratering process. The experiments were done within the framework of Multidisciplinary Experimental and Modeling Impact Research Network. In one experiment the metamorphic foliation was vertical, that is, oriented perpendicular to the target surface, and in the other horizontal, that is, parallel to the target surface. This study reveals that due to preferred spallation along the foliation, the cratering efficiency is higher if the foliation is horizontal. The study further presents a comprehensive quantitative strain analysis in the subsurface of these craters. We use biotite kink bands as strain markers. The distribution of strain differs strongly in both experiments. If the foliation is vertical, the area beneath the central crater floor shows a high compressive strain. This is attributed to the ability of biotite to kink more easily when shortened parallel to its basal plane. If the foliation is horizontal, surface kinking is reduced and tensile failure along the foliation deepens the crater during unloading.
Recent progress in mapping the emerging landscape of the small-cell lung cancer genome
Authors: Kim Kee-Beom , Dunn Colin T. , Park Kwon-Sik
Published: December 2019

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains the deadliest of all the lung cancer types. Its high mortality is largely attributed to the invariable development of resistance to standard chemo/radiotherapies, which have remained unchanged for the past 30 years, underscoring the need for new therapeutic approaches. The discovery of molecular targets for chemoprevention and treatment has been hampered by the poor understanding of SCLC progression. In recent years, comprehensive omics-based analyses have led to the discovery of recurrent alterations in patient tumors, and functional studies using genetically engineered mouse models and patient-derived tumor models have provided information about the alterations critical for SCLC pathogenesis. Defining the somatic alterations scattered throughout the SCLC genome will help to understand the underlying mechanism of this devastating disease and pave the way for the discovery of therapeutic vulnerabilities associated with the genomic alterations.
Simultaneous emission of orthogonal handedness in circular polarization from a single luminophore
Authors: Baek Kyungmin , Lee Dong-Myung , Lee Yu-Jin , Choi Hyunchul , Seo Jeongdae , Kang Inbyeong , Yu Chang-Jae , Kim Jae-Hoon
Published: December 2019

The direct emission of circularly polarized (CP) light improves the efficiency of an organic light-emitting diode and characterizes the secondary structure of proteins. In most cases, CP light is generated from a luminescent layer containing chiral characteristics, thereby generating only one kind of CP light in an entire device. Here, we propose direct CP light emissions using a twisted achiral conjugate polymer without any chiral dopant as an emitting layer (EML). The twisted structure is induced in the mesogenic conjugate polymer due to its elasticity by applying different alignment directions to its upper and lower interfaces. Furthermore, we demonstrate the simultaneous emission of orthogonal CP light in a single luminescent device by patterning different alignment directions on the surfaces of the EML. The light source with multipolarization including the orthogonal CP states is applicable to many applications in biosensors and optical devices.