bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WW2 and Its Aftermath: Impact on the Architectural Palette
Authors: Gelder John
Published: August 2022

How were construction materials and products used in Australia, and especially South Australia, during the Second World War through to around 1965? Broadly, the emphasis was on military applications during the war and on consolidation and normalization, rather than innovation and development, in the post-war decade. The architectural palette was severely constrained, though early Modernist architects rose to the challenge. Materials innovation and development in Australia did not fully restart until after 1955. The evidence for these assertions draws from a consideration of a broad range of materials – renewables, earths, metals and synthetics.
Healing Modern Architecture’s Break with the Past: Musings around Brazilian Fenestration
Authors: Guedes Pedro
Published: August 2022

This paper focuses on the role of Brazilian architects in emancipating Modern Architecture from overly limiting orthodoxies. In particular, this study follows direct, if weak influences across the Pacific to Australia and stronger ones across the South Atlantic to Southern Africa, where Brazilian ideas found fertile ground without being filtered through Northern Hemisphere mediations. Official delegations of architects from Australia and South Africa went to Brazil seeking inspiration and transferable ideas achieved mixed success.

Central to the theme of this essay is a recently discovered and unpublished manuscript. It is the work of Barrie Biermann who, upon graduation from the University of Cape Town sailed across to Brazil in 1946 to gain first-hand knowledge of the architecture that had achieved worldwide renown through the 1943 Brazil Builds exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in New York (MoMA).

Biermann’s close observations and discussions with several of Brazil’s leading architects helped him develop a fresh narrative that placed recent developments in a continuum linked to Portuguese colonial architecture that had taken lessons from the ‘East’. Published in a very abridged form in a professional journal in 1950, it lost much of the charm of the original, which, in addition to imaginative theoretical speculation, is enriched by evocative, atmospheric sketches, water colours and photographs.

This study shows that South-South connections were quite independent and predated the influence of ‘scientific’ manuals of ‘how-to build in the tropics’ that proliferated from metropolitan centres in the mid-1950s, preparing for decolonization but perhaps also motivated by ambitions of engendering other forms of dependence. Brazilian ideas and examples of built work played an important role in bringing vitality to some of the architectures of Africa. They also engaged with crucial issues of identity and the production of buildings celebrating values beyond the utilitarian.
Seeds of Concrete Progress: Grain Elevators and Technology Transfer between America and Australia
Authors: Marfella Giorgio
Published: August 2022

Modern concrete silos and grain elevators are a persistent source of interest and fascination for architects, industrial archaeologists, painters, photographers, and artists. The legacy of the Australian examples of the early 1900s is appreciated primarily by a popular culture that allocates value to these structures on aesthetic grounds. Several aspects of construction history associated with this early modern form of civil engineering have been less explored.

In the 1920s and 1930s, concrete grain elevator stations blossomed along the railway networks of the Australian Wheat Belts, marking with their vertical presence the landscapes of many rural towns in New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, and Western Australia. The Australian reception of this industrial building type of American origin reflects the modern nation-building aspirations of State Governments of the early 1900s. The development of fast-tracked, self-climbing methods for constructing concrete silos, a technology also imported from America, illustrates the critical role of concrete in that effort of nation-building.

The rural and urban proliferation of concrete silos in Australia also helped establish a confident local concrete industry that began thriving with automatic systems of movable formwork, mastering and ultimately transferring these construction methods to multi-storey buildings after WWII.

Although there is an evident link between grain elevators and the historiographical propaganda of heroic modernism, that nexus should not induce to interpret old concrete silos as a vestige of modern aesthetics. As catalysts of technical and economic development in Australia, Australian wheat silos also bear important significance due to the international technology transfer and local repercussions of their fast-tracked concrete construction methods.
Explicitly Tacit: Polanyi’s “Tacit Knowledge” in the Architectural Theory of Charney and Rowe
Authors: Lonergan Hamish
Published: August 2022

The scientist and philosopher Michael Polanyi coined the term “tacit knowledge” in 1958 to describe a type of unconscious, embodied and social knowledge that could not be explicitly taught through rules or rote-learning. He argued, instead, that some knowledge relied on practice, critique, socialisation and personal biography. In this sense, something like tacit knowledge has long played an important role in architectural education — where skill is acquired through (re)drawing, writing and model-making, reviewed by teachers and peers — even before Polanyi named it. Yet, for all the affinities between design education and tacit knowledge, Polanyi’s epistemology has rarely been directly addressed in architectural theory. This paper considers two exceptions in the writing and pedagogy of Melvin Charney and Colin Rowe in the 1970s. Both figures used Polanyi’s philosophy to propose alternatives to the “ultra” positions of Modernism. Charney argued that Quebecois vernacular architecture reflected a tacit, collective building culture that was inseparable from the embodied construction practices of craftspeople. This could not be made explicit in construction manuals or histories; students had to discover it through drawing and building themselves. Meanwhile, Rowe credited Polanyi’s Beyond Nihilism (1960) in the gestation of Collage City (1978, with Fred Koetter). Polanyi’s essay argued that individual freedom was important in making new discoveries, but that individuals still had a responsibility to go beyond themselves by conforming to collective norms and standards. This, too, found a parallel in Rowe and Koetter’s rejection of Modernist utopianism. At the same time, a close reading of these minor encounters reveals certain continuities and misalignments between Rowe and Charney’s interpretation and Polanyi’s own position as a prominent anti-Communist and contributor to early neoliberalism. Ultimately, this paper aims to clarify the role of tacit knowledge in the theory of these two architect/educators and, in doing so, simultaneously clarify the relationship between tacit knowledge and architectural pedagogy more broadly.
Tradition and Modern Ideas: Building Post-war Cathedrals in Queensland and Adjoining Territories
Authors: Daunt Lisa Marie
Published: August 2022

As recent as 1955, cathedrals were still unbuilt or incomplete in the young and developing dioceses of the Global South, including in Queensland, the Northern Territory and New Guinea. The lack of an adequate cathedral was considered a “reproach” over a diocese. To rectify this, the region’s Bishops sought out the best architects for the task – as earlier Bishops had before them – engaging architects trained abroad and interstate, and with connections to Australia’s renown ecclesiastical architects. They also progressed these projects remarkably fast, for cathedral building. Four significant cathedral projects were realised in Queensland during the 1960s: the completion of St James’ Church of England, Townsville (1956-60); the extension of All Souls’ Quetta Memorial Church of England, Thursday Island (1964-5); stage II of St John’s Church of England, Brisbane (1953-68); and the new St Monica’s Catholic, Cairns (1965-8). During this same era Queensland-based architects also designed new Catholic cathedrals for Darwin (1955-62) and Port Moresby (1967-69). Compared to most cathedrals elsewhere they are small, but for their communities these were sizable undertakings, representing the “successful” establishment of these dioceses and even the making of their city. However, these cathedral projects had their challenges. Redesigning, redocumenting and retendering was common as each project questioned how to adopt (or not) emergent ideas for modern cathedral design. Mid-1960s this questioning became divisive as the extension of Brisbane’s St John’s recommenced. Antagonists and the client employed theatrics and polemic words to incite national debate. However, since then these post-war cathedral projects have received limited attention within architectural historiography, even those where the first stage has been recognised. Based on interviews, archival research and fieldwork, this paper discusses these little-known post-war cathedrals projects – examining how regional tensions over tradition and modern ideas arose and played out.
The Nusantaran Architecture Design Competition: A ‘Forced’ Traditionalisation of Indonesia’s Architectural Identity Translation?
Authors: Purwaningrum Diah Asih
Published: August 2022

The Indonesian government has recently adopted the term ‘Nusantaran Architecture’ as an alternative representation of Indonesia’s architectural identity. This term is employed to capture the locality of the country, whose narration is developed around the idea of bringing back the indigenous culture as part of preserving the ‘authentic’ identity of the country. The term is incorporated in the national tourism plan, and is literally adopted in the Nusantaran Architecture Design Competition, a platform from which the government obtains design translations of the perceived identity. However, this design competition leads to ‘traditionalising’ architecture, depicted in how the winning designs incorporate the traditional design elements to ‘localise’ the buildings. This design competition is problematic not only for its top-down Javacentric method employed, but also for its direction in appropriating traditionalism in contemporary built form based on the architects’ and the juries’ arbitrary approaches. Since economic motive through ‘romantic tourist gaze’ dominates the translation of identity, it portrays not only the hegemony of capitalism in the way the country imagines its own identity, but also the presence of an Orientalist view as a legacy of colonialism. This paper investigates the problematic implementation of the Nusantaran Architecture Design Competition as an attempt to concretise the authorised version of the perceived identity. It also scrutinises the strong political influence that governs the whole identity construction process in adopting what is regarded as ‘given’ traditional architecture.
Women, Media, Design, and Material Culture in Australia, 1870-1920
Authors: Burns Karen , Edquist Harriet
Published: August 2022

Over the last forty years feminist historians have commented on the under-representation or marginalisation of women thinkers and makers in design, craft, and material culture. (Kirkham and Attfield, 1989; Attfield, 2000; Howard, 2000: Buckley, 1986; Buckley, 2020:). In response particular strategies have been developed to write women back into history. These methods expand the sites, objects and voices engaged in thinking about making and the space of the everyday world. The problem, however, is even more acute in Australia where we lack secondary histories of many design disciplines. With the notable exception of Julie Willis and Bronwyn Hanna (2001) or Burns and Edquist (1988) we have very few overview histories. This paper will examine women’s contribution to design thinking and making in Australia as a form of cultural history. It will explore the methods and challenges in developing a chronological and thematic history of women’s design making practice and design thinking in Australia from 1870 – 1920 where the subjects are not only designers but also journalists, novelists, exhibiters, and correspondents. We are interested in using media (exhibitions and print culture) as a prism: to examine how and where women spoke to design and making, what topics they addressed, and the ideas they formed to articulate the nexus between women, making and place.
Campus Crisis: Materiality and the Institutional Identity of Australia’s Universities
Authors: Lewi Hanna , Logan Cameron
Published: August 2022

In the current century the extreme or ‘ultra’ position on the university campus has been to argue for its dissolution or abolition. University leaders and campus planners in Australia have mostly been unmoved by that position and ploughed on with expansive capital works campaigns and ambitious reformulations of existing campuses. The pandemic, however, provided ideal conditions for an unplanned but thoroughgoing experiment in operating universities without the need for a campus. Consequently, the extreme prospect of universities after the era of the modern campus now seems more likely than ever. In this paper we raise the question of the dematerialised or fully digital campus, by drawing attention to the traditional dependence of universities on material and architectural identities. We ask, what is the nature of that dependence? And consider how the current uncertainties about the status of buildings and grounds for tertiary education are driving new campus models.

Using material monikers to categorise groups of universities is something of a commonplace. There is the American Ivy League, which refers to the ritualised planting of ivy at elite colleges in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The English have long referred to their “red brick” universities and to a later generation as the “plate glass” universities. In Australia, the older universities developed in the colonial era came to be known as the “sandstones” to distinguish them from the large group of new universities developed in the postwar decades. While some of the latter possess what are commonly called bush campuses. If nothing else, this tendency to categorise places of higher learning by planting and building materials indicates that the identity of institutions is bound up with their materiality.

The paper is in two parts. It first sketches out the material history of the Australian university in the twentieth century, before examining an exemplary recent project that reflects some of the architectural and material uncertainties of the present moment in campus development. This prompts a series of reflections on the problem of institutional trust and brand value in a possible future without buildings.
Labour Housing and the Normalisation of Modernity in 1970s Iran
Authors: Amirjani Rahmatollah
Published: August 2022

In the 1970s, rapid modernisation fuelled population displacement and increased the number of workers in the large cities of Iran, in particular Tehran. In response, the Imperial Government initiated several housing programs focusing on the provision of megastructures on a large scale. Consequently, a new opposition formed among some sectors of society, regarding the dissemination of gigantic buildings in the International or Brutalist styles. Critics and clerics argued that the radical government interventions not only polarised the image of Islamic identity in cities, but also affected the behaviour of people towards, and their opinions concerning, the Islamic lifestyle. Additionally, some claimed the state aimed to normalise its project of modernity and rapid westernisation for the mid- and lower classes using housing. In this regard, this article investigates the 1970s imperial government social housing programs to verify these claims.

Using an extensive literature review, documentary research, observation, and descriptive data analysis, this article argues that, despite the government politics and modernisation tendencies in the 1970s, consumerism, political competition, the state of Cold War, and the emergence of new construction techniques, all resulted in the emergence of mass-produced megastructures offering a new luxurious lifestyle to residents. While the life and hygiene of the different classes were improved, these instant products inevitably facilitated the normalisation of Western lifestyle among the mid- and low-income groups of the society. Eventually, this visible social transition was utilised by opposition leaders as another excuse to topple the Pahlavi regime under the 1979 Islamic Revolution.
A Hundred Local Cities and the Crisis of Commuting: How Nodal Suburbs Shaped the Most Radical Change in Melbourne’s Suburban Development, 1859 -1980
Authors: Nazareth Ian
Published: August 2022

The major crisis in the evolving urban form of Australian cities came in a single development: when work patterns and separation from the central activities’ districts outran walking distance. The key enabler was commuter transport, first with horse-drawn omnibuses and then with trams and suburban trains. At this point the average area of suburban lots exploded, the ‘worker’ cottage’ was eclipsed as the most numerous housing type, house sizes increased, house footprints became almost sprawling in celebration, and suburban shopping centres began to break from the long lines of shops and municipal buildings lining major road arteries to the central cities.

This centripetal tendency had all manner of typological and developmental results, and Melbourne is taken as an initial example in a wider Australian study. Houses entered a newly diagonal composition and connection to their streets; new neighbourhood relations focussed on garden displays and broader individual expression in specific house designs. An equally major change, though, came as railways and a series of new tram routes dragged newer shopping and municipal precincts away from simply lining arteries to the city, setting up nodal suburban centres with new, ‘hub’ plan forms that either cut across arterial roads at right angles or clear obliques, or developed away from existing arteries altogether. Each node ‘commanded’ between three to five surrounding suburbs. Suburban nodes became both service referents and impetus-centres or sources for suburban growth, and, significantly, new centres of regional dentification and loyalty.

With Federation comes a waning of central city significance, observed long ago in Graeme Davison’s Marvellous Melbourne, a suburbanism generated by and inflecting on nodes. This challenges the long-accepted picture of Australian cities having a small, towering central business district and encircled by a huge, undifferentiated suburban sprawl. This study also looks at what a nodal suburb generally comprises- its critical mass.
Community Participation in Conservation Proposals of Islamic Pilgrimage Sites
Authors: Saeedi Azin
Published: August 2022

There is increasing pressure on urban landscapes surrounding Islamic pilgrimage sites to accommodate growing numbers of pilgrims. Recent developments have responded to this issue with comprehensive clearance of historic urban landscapes, constructing grand open spaces and dislocating local residents. The traditional expansion of Islamic pilgrimage sites was characterised by a layering of interconnected structures with continuous functions that merged gradually over time into the surrounding landscape. The rift between the traditional urban growth and the recent expansion approach across the Muslim world is inconsistent with international developments that seek to incorporate sustainable development into urban heritage conservation. To achieve sustainability, developments should meet intergenerational equity and protect the interests of stakeholders including the community. Literature has established two operational characteristics for sustainable development that helps gauging the extent to which it is integrated into practice: Stakeholder participation and strategic planning. Participatory processes create shared visons among stakeholders and facilitate long-term directions. However, in non-Western contexts where decision-making power and financial control reside in the central state, participation is either considered a threat to the state or its potential benefit is unrecognised. This paper argues where conservation objectives are determined by experts in isolation from the community’s interests, the plans fail to be achieved. This will be demonstrated by undertaking a comparative analysis of conservation proposals prepared by international heritage experts for Islamic pilgrimage sites of Mecca, Medina, Kāzimayn and Shiraz. Visited by millions of pilgrims annually, the four sites have similar clearance and expansion patterns. This paper analyses the extent of community participation integrated into these proposals as one of the significant operational dimensions of sustainable development and a crucial link that enhances strategic planning. Finally, by reflecting on site specifics and social methods, this paper recommends participatory methods to enhance community engagement.
The Trajectory of Collective Life: The Ideal and Practice of New Village in Tianjin, 1920s-1950s
Authors: Xinting Liang
Published: August 2022

Originated from New Village Ideal in Japan, New Village was introduced to China in the early 1920s and became a byword for social reform program. Many residential designs or projects whose name includes the term “Village” or “New Village” had been completed in China since that time. This paper uses the Textual Criticism method to sort out the introduction and translation of New Village Ideal theory in China, and to compare the physical space, life organization and concepts of the New Village practices in ROC with in early PRC of Tianjin. It is found that the term “New Village” continued to be used across several historical periods, showing very similar spatial images. But the construction and usage of New Village and the meaning of collective life changed somewhat under different political positions and social circumstances: New Village gradually became an urban collective residential area which only bore the living function since it was introduced into modern China. The goal of its practice changed from building an equal autonomy to building a new field of power operation, a new discourse of social improvement and a new way for profit-seeking capital. With the change of state regime, the construction had entered a climax stage. New Village then became the symbol of the rising political and social status of the working class, and the link between the change of urban nature and spatial development. Socialism collective life and the temporal and spatial separation or combination between production and live constructed the collective conscience and identity of residents. The above findings highlight the independence of architecture history from general history, help to examine the complexity of China’s localization New Village practice and the uniqueness of Tianjin’s urban history, and provide new ideas for the study of China’s modern urban housing development from the perspective of changes in daily life organization.
Ultra Graphic: Australian Advertising Infrastructure from Morris Columns to Media Facades
Authors: Holleran Samuel
Published: August 2022

This paper examines the development of infrastructures for outdoor advertising and debates over visual ‘oversaturation’ in the built environment. It begins with the boom in posters that came in the 19th century with a plethora of new manufactured goods and the attempts by civic officials to create structures that would extend cities’ available surface area for the placement of ads. It then charts the rise of building-top ‘sky signs,’ articulated billboards, kiosks, and digital media facades while detailing the policy initiatives meant to regulate these ad surfaces. This work builds on ongoing research into the development of signage technologies in Sydney and Melbourne, the measurement and regulation of ‘visual pollution’, and the promotion of entertainment and nightlife in precincts defined by neon and historic signage.

This project responds to the increasing ambiguity between traditional advertising substrates and building exteriors. It charts the development of display technologies in relation to changing architectural practices and urban landscapes. Signage innovation in Australia has been driven by increasingly sophisticated construction practices and by the changing nature of cities; shifting markedly with increased automobility, migration and cultural change, and mobile phone use. The means by which urban reformers and architectural critics have sought to define, measure, and control new ad technologies—sometimes deemed ‘visual pollution’— offers a prehistory to contemporary debates over ‘smart city’ street furniture, and a synecdoche to narratives of degradation and ugliness in the post-war built environment.

These four thematically linked episodes show how Australian civic officials and built environment activists have responded to visual clutter, and the fuzzy line between advertisers, architects, and builders erecting increasingly dynamic infrastructures for ad delivery. This progression shows the fluctuating place of advertisement in the built environment, ending with the emergence of today’s programmable façades and urban screens.
Krajowa Mapa Zagrożeń Bezpieczeństwa jako istotny element procesu zarządzania bezpieczeństwem publicznym - naukowo i praktycznie
Authors: Szumiec Magdalena
Published: August 2022

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie możliwości i funkcjonalności Krajowej Mapy Zagrożeń Bezpieczeństwa oraz ocena jej skuteczności w zakresie poprawy bezpieczeństwa publicznego. W artykule opisano działanie systemu KMZB, przedstawiono regulacje prawne, w oparciu o które funkcjonuje oraz scharakteryzowano poszczególne funkcje. Pracę kończą wnioski i propozycje zmian, dotyczące poprawy jego działania. Należy podkreślić, że podjęte rozważania mają charakter wstępny i stanowią zachętę do prowadzenia szerszych analiz w obrębie tego zagadnienia. KMZB jest bowiem narzędziem stosunkowo nowym, a skoro jest traktowane jako istotny element procesu zarządzania bezpieczeństwem publicznym, wymaga ulepszenia, by skutecznie służyło poprawie stanu bezpieczeństwa.
Sprawozdanie z V międzynarodowej konferencji naukowo‑szkoleniowej pn. „Strategia Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego w sytuacji zagrożenia – implikacje praktyczne do współpracy samorządów, społeczeństw, służb mundurowych", Włocławek, 19‑20 maja 2022 roku
Authors: Lubimow Joanna
Published: August 2022

Strategia Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego RP doczekała się wielu analiz związanych
z jej założeniami, celami oraz charakterystyką zagrożeń dla naszego kraju. Debata nad jej
tezami i postulatami oraz ich realizacją może przyczynić się do istotnych zmian w systemie
bezpieczeństwa państwa. Rozważania nad problematyką Strategii Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego w kontekście implikacji praktycznych dla środowiska bezpieczeństwa stanowi źródło wskazówek dla jej doskonalenia w związku z nowymi wyzwaniami i zagrożeniami.
Depthwise variation in selected soil properties as influenced by tillage and residue management in sandy loam soil of North-West Himalayas, India
Authors: PAL SHARMISTHA , YADAV R P , ARYA S L , K SATHIYA , BHUTIA P L
Published: August 2022

The present study aimed to determine the effect of varying tillage and residue management in a sandy loam soil under maize (Zea mays L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sequence. The research was carried out at ICAR- Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Chandigarh, research farm, located at Panchkula, Haryana, in maize (kharif)-wheat (rabi) cropping sequence during 2009–2017. Six treatments implemented were Conventional tillage (CT); Deep tillage once in three years (DT); Conventional tillage with integrated nutrient management (CT-INM); Conventional tillage with brown manuring in maize + cowpea (1:2) and wheat + pea (4:1) ratio (CT-BM); Conservation tillage (CST) ; Conservation tillage with brown manuring (CST-BM). The compaction level attained under conservation tillage based systems were lower than the corresponding levels in the conventional tillage control. The highest percentage of macro aggregates was found in CST-BM treatment (48%), followed by CST (45%) and CT, DT and CT-INM recorded much lesser macro aggregate (29.3, 28 and 31%). Conventional tillage (CT) reduced macroaggregates with a concomitant increase in microaggregates (<0.25 mm) percentage. The mean soil moisture percentage average in surface (0–15 cm) and sub surface soil (15–30 cm) were found to be higher under DT, CST and CST-BM treatments over CT and CT-INM treatments. In general, the soil moisture was found to be proportional to the amount of biomass added under various treatments. The mean soil available nitrogen were 15.4% and 17.5% higher under CT-BM and CST-BM treatments respectively, over the control (CT).
Planting ratio and plant growth regulators affecting seed quality in CGMS based chilli (Capsicum annuum) hybrid
Authors: THAKUR NEHA , VASUDEVAN S N , DODDAGOUDAR S R , TEMBHURNE B V , I MACHA S , PATIL M G
Published: August 2022

In the present study, the seed production was carried out during 2016 and 2017 in the newly released cytoplasmic genetic male sterility (CGMS) based chilli (Capsicum annuum) hybrid. The objective of this study was to enhance the seed quality for newly released hybrid using given treatments in the field. The experiment was conducted at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka in the laboratory and field conditions. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) target specific receptor molecules in the plant tissue that can certainly transform plant metabolism. Similarly adapting a specific ratio of female and male while planting can check yield and quality constraints in fruit and seed production. Henceforth treatments were decided keeping in view these points. It was found that planting ratio (2:1 was best) and PGR spray (NAA @40 ppm best) significantly promoted the seed quality parameters, viz. germination (%), seedling dry weight (mg), shoot length (cm), seedling vigour index, dehydrogenase enzyme activity and lowered the electrical conductivity (dS/cm) as compared to other treatments. Also, the treatment combination P2S4 (2:1 + NAA @40 ppm) proved to be the best for these seed quality parameters. Thus, the parental lines in 2:1 ratio proved to be best for natural crossing followed by spraying at flower initiation stage with NAA @40 ppm as PGR to obtain higher seed quality in CGMS based chilli hybrid UARChH42 (JCH42). Hence it may be recommended in seed production technology of this hybrid.
Yield gap analysis of recommended soybean (Glycine max) production technologies and their impact on energy and carbon budgeting
Authors: VERMA RAKESH KUMAR , BILLORE SUNIL DATT , M RAGHAVENDRA
Published: August 2022

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2017–18 at Research farm of ICAR-IISR, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, to study the effect of different agronomic practices on productivity, energy indices and carbon balance of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The additional use of micronutrients (Zn, B and Mo) and secondary nutrients along with full package of practices showed positive yield effect by 6.08% and 3.20% as compared to whole package. The narrow row planting (30 cm) and 50% RDF + 2% urea spray along with full package of practices had very little negative effect on the yield. On pooled average basis, the deletion of any recommended practice from the full package of practices reduced the yield by 1.14–71.69%. The highest yield reduction was associated with the 50% reduction of seed rate in full package of practices. Energy output followed the similar trend as observed in seed yield. Highest energy use efficiency was recorded with 50% RDF + 2% urea spray. The maximum specific energy and energy profitability was registered under full package of practices + 50% (30 kg/ha) seed rate treatment. Highest carbon use efficiency was registered with full package of practices without RDF. Thus, when comparing the carbon intensity (biomass and seed), the maximum carbon intensity was associated with full package of practices + 50% seed rate.
Potential Conscientious Objection to mRNA Technology as Preventive Treatment for COVID-19
Authors: Provost Patrick , Derome Nicolas , Linard Christian , Massie Bernard , Caron Jean
Published: August 2022

In the context of mass vaccination campaigns, the most widely used vaccines in Western countries are based on messenger RNA (mRNA). Some countries have imposed mandatory vaccination and many others have required a vaccination passport to access public transportation and many activities, producing systemic discrimination, social exclusion, segregation, and stigmatization against non-vaccinated individuals. This paper aims to present several scientific uncertainties on which, conscientious objectors to mRNA injections as a preventive treatment for COVID-19, could rely. Scientific data are presented on mRNA vaccines, which consist in mRNAs wrapped in lipid nanoparticles. Never used as a prophylactic drug, artificial mRNAs delivered to our cells forces them to express, against their nature, a biologically active viral protein. Unlike a drug produced in a pharmaceutical factory and formulated at a known dose and a well-defined protein product profile, the mRNA vaccine acts as a pro-drug encoding for the viral Spike protein of the virus to be produced by our own cells; both the dose and the quality of the proteins produced are unknown. We also ignore the distribution of the lipid nanoparticles carrying this mRNA in our body. We consider that the “conscientious objection” raised by the above considerations is a reason enough to refuse mRNA vaccines or similar technologies as a preventive treatment against COVID-19.
Analisis Optimalisasi Portofolio Saham Perbankan Dengan Pendekatan Model Indeks Tunggal pada periode Januari 2007 - Desember 2014
Authors: Suwardi
Published: August 2022

Pada penelitian ini memiliki tujuan mengetahui berapa jumlah saham yang masuk ke dalam portofolio optimal, kemudian investasi apa saja yang dapat membentuk portofolio optimal dan berapa proporsi dana nya dan mengetahui tingkat keuntungan serta resiko dari saham-saham optimal tersebut. Metode pengolahan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Indeks Tunggal untuk menentukan saham-saham perbankan yang masuk sebagai kandidat portofolio saham optimal. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data, Investor yang rasional akan menginvestasikan danan ya ke dalam portofolio saham BMRI dan BBRI karena kedua saham tersebut konsisten menjadi saham kandidat dan dari ke 2 saham tersebut yang paling optimal adalah pada saham BMRI dengan 16.41 % sedangkan di urutan kedua saham BBRI sebesar 10.64 %.
Histopathological Patterns Of Malignant Small Blue Round Cell Tumours At University Of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, North-eastern Nigeria
Authors: Zarami Abba Bukar , Farouk Abubakar Garba , Abdullahi Mohammed Adam , Tahir Mohammed Bashir , Pindiga Umar Hamidu
Published: August 2022

Background: Malignant small blue round cell tumours (MSBRCT) are heterogeneous group of neoplasms. It forms one of the major causes of mortality among the paediatric age due to its aggressive biological behavior and late presentation. The patterns and incidence of these neoplasms in Africa are poorly known compared to the developed world. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the patterns of MSBRCT in Maiduguri, North Eastern, Nigeria. Methods: It was a hospital-based retrospective study using archived records from the cancer registry and histopathology register book. All histologically diagnosed cases from the histopathology department from January 2006 to December 2015 were included in the study. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. The results were presented in the form of bar charts and tables. Results: The results showed 56 cases of MSBRCT the frequency of the cancer was slightly higher among female (55.4%) than male (44.6%) with a M:F ratio of 2:3. The age range was 1-33years and the mean ± SD age was 8.05 ± 7.22 with SE of 0.628. Rhabdomyosarcoma was the most common cancer (35.7%) followed by retinoblastoma (23.2%), immature teratoma (16%) and Burkitt lymphoma (10.7%). Most of the cases were found among children less than 5 years (59 %.). Conclusion: The patterns of MSBRCT in this study is in variance with report from other African and Western countries. A dedicated childhood population-based cancer registry is strongly recommended in order to resolve MSBRCT regional patterns variation
Prevalence And Management Outcome Of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease In A Low Resource Setting, North-western Nigeria
Authors: Abdullahi Hamisu , Sambo Umaru Grema , Abubakar Mustapha Yaro , Mohammed Garba Mainasara , Sani Muhammad , Lawal Jamila , Dansani Usman Ibrahim
Published: August 2022

Fibrolipoma is one of the variants of lipoma. Lipoma is a rare benign tumour of upper aerodigestive tract, but occur commonly in limbs and trunk. We present a 65 year old man who presented with huge recurrent fibrolipoma of the larynx causing upper airway obstruction which recurred five (5) years after an initial endoscopic excision of a benign laryngeal lesion with histological diagnosis of fibro epithelial polyp.
De Peruanos e Indios: la figura del indígena en la intelectualidad y política criollas (Perú: siglos XVIII - XIX)
Authors: Andrés García Manuel
Published: August 2022

Colección "Encuentros Iberoamericanos", nº 10. Investigación histórica sobre la visión del indígena por los intelectuales y políticos del Perú durante las décadas finales del período colonial y el siglo XIX. Índice: I. Intelectuales, reformistas y revolucionarios. Los orígenes del discurso criollo sobre el temor al indio y su inferioridad. II. Emancipación y Caudillismo: la conformación de la ideología criolla y el indígena. III. Política, Ideología y Ciudadanía: El índigena en los primeros gobiernos civiles. IV. La Guerra del Pacífico: participación indígena y consecuencias. V. Política e Intelectualidad: del segundo militarismo al debate finisecular sobre el indio.
Mejoramiento del Proceso de Fermentación del Cacao. (Theobroma cacao L.) Variedad Nacional y Variedad CCN51
Authors: Teneda Llerena William Fabián
Published: August 2022

Premio de Estudios Iberoamericanos. Área Científico-Técnica, X edición (2016). En esta investigación se describe el proceso de fermentación del cacao (Theobroma cacao l) de las variedades nacional y CCN51 utilizando dos tipos de fermentadores el tipo convencional tipo horizontal y el rotatorio [mejoramiento tecnológico], para obtener mayores niveles de calidad, mediante la cuantificación del índice de fermentación, contenido de polifenoles, flavonoides y taninos en almendras de cacao y la cuantificación del contenido de invertasa y proteasas en las almendras. Los factores en estudio influyeron positivamente sobre la calidad del cacao, los cambios físicos y químicos se inician desde el comienzo de la fermentación con tendencias definidas para cada una de las variables analizadas, se comparó los valores de pH, acidez, % humedad y grasa.
Effect of 1,4-naphthoquinone from Sisyrinchium palmifolium L. extract on in vivo Ki-67 expression and in silico CDK1, CDK2, CDK4 on colitis-associated colon cancer
Authors: Muti’ah Roihatul , Endharti Agustina T. , Wafi Muhammad F.
Published: August 2022

Context: Medicinal plants can be used as an option for the prevention and reduction of cancer cell resistance and its side effects. Sisyrinchium palmifolium L. is thought to have anti-cancer activity with a compound content of 1,4-naphthoquinone. Aims: To determine the effect of S. palmifolium extract (SPE) with the main compound 1,4-naphthoquinone on Ki-67 expression by in vivo, and CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4 activity by in silico in colonic epithelial cells of BALB/ c mice induced by azoxymethane (AOM) dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Methods: Dayak onion (S. palmifolium) was extracted using 96% ethanol as a solvent. The S. palmifolium extract was then made into tablet form by the wet granulation method. Mice that had been induced with AOM-DSS were given S. palmifolium extract therapy. Twenty samples were used, which were divided into five groups. Mice colon tissue was assessed using Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. This study also used the in silico method to see the effect of 1,4-naphthoquinone compounds from S. palmifolium extract on the expression of CDK1, CDK2 and CDK4 with PDB codes 6GU6, 6GUC, and 1GIH. Results: Ki-67 expression values were 26 ± 6.51 cells at low dosages, 15 ± 1.73 cells at moderate doses, and 11 ± 1.04 cells at high doses. Between the test groups, there was a statistical differences (p<0.05) with the Post Hoc Mann-Whitney test. At the 6GUC receptor, the mean rerank score of the 1,4-naphtoquinone molecule, which was closest to the native ligand, was -54.6572 ± 2.2722 and -90.5455 ± 1.6524kcal/mole. The steric bond on the amino acid lys 33 (A), which exclusively occurs at the 6GUC receptor, was the only commonality of contact. Conclusions: 1,4-Naphthoquinone from Sisyrinchium palmifolium L. extract could decrease Ki-67 expression by in vivo, which cloud induce a decrease in epithelial cells proliferation in colon cancer, but has no potential as an inhibitor activity of CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4 by in silico.
Flavonoids as potential inhibitors of dengue virus 2 (DENV2) envelope protein
Authors: Renantha Rachel Raditya , Liga Alvin Richardo , Tanugroho Christy Bianca , Denovian Lovine Xaviera , Budiyanto Siti Lateefa Az Zahra , Parikesit Arli Aditya
Published: August 2022

Context: Dengue viruses (DENVs) are the cause of dengue disease, which is one of the most frequent diseases caused by mosquito-borne viral infections. Currently, no specific treatment is available for dengue. Aims: To identify the most promising inhibitors of dengue virus 2 (DENV2) envelope protein of DENV2 envelope protein from flavonoids compounds through computational methods. Methods: Structures of 54 flavonoids were collected, then the compounds were screened based on Lipinski’s rules, and there were only 34 compounds that passed the screening. Then QSAR analysis was performed, followed by molecular docking analysis, ADMET evaluation, and molecular dynamics simulations to assess the stability of the protein. Results: Based on the QSAR analysis, only 32 compounds were subjected to molecular docking analysis. Silymarin had the highest docking score, while juglanin had the lowest ACE score compared to positive controls. The ADMET evaluation showed silymarin and juglanin had good absorption and could not penetrate the blood-brain barrier. In contrast to silymarin which had negative results for the Ames test, carcinogenicity, skin sensitization, and eye irritation, juglanin was positive for Ames test and skin sensitization. Even though the molecular dynamic simulation of both ligands with DENV2 envelope protein showed unstable confirmation, it did not necessarily mean that the ligands cannot be used as inhibitors since the molecular docking results provide evidence of the ligands binding to the DENV2 envelope protein. Conclusions: Based on the favorable results of QSAR analysis, molecular docking, and ADMET evaluation, juglanin and silymarin were chosen as the candidate with the most potential for DENV2 envelope protein inhibitors. However, further analyses such as in vitro and in vivo analyses are necessary to validate the result of this study.
The effect of Aloe vera on fasting blood glucose levels in pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Budiastutik Indah , Subagio Hertanto Wahyu , Kartasurya Martha Irene , Widjanarko Bagoes , Kartini Apoina , Soegiyanto Soegiyanto , Suhartono Suhartono Suhartono Suhartono
Published: August 2022

Context: Aloe vera is a traditional medicinal plant that shows a wide range of biological activities. Previous studies demonstrated the antihyperglycemic effect of Aloe vera but with inconsistent results. Aims: To quantitatively summarize the effect of Aloe vera on fasting blood glucose in pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus by a meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Springer Link, Science Direct, Proquest, and Google Scholar were used to identify clinical trials evaluating the effect of Aloe vera on fasting blood glucose published between 2011 and 2021. The inclusion criteria were: (1) original research with a clinical trial design evaluating the effect of Aloe vera on fasting blood glucose in pre-diabetes and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus; (2) providing the data of the mean fasting blood glucose and standard deviation in both control and intervention group, and; (3) Aloe vera was used as the only intervention. The pooled effect of Aloe vera on fasting blood glucose was evaluated using the random effect model, and publication bias was assessed by Funnel plots and Fail Safe-N. Results: A total of 25 trials were included from 13 publications involving 642 patients. The results showed that Aloe vera significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (-0.35 [95% CI, -1454, -0.616] mg/dL; p<0.001) compared to control. Aloe vera might have a more remarkable effect in males, BMI not more than 30 mg/kg2, type 2 diabetes mellitus, administered for ≥ 8 weeks, dose at 200 mg, and capsule administration. However, a high heterogeneity across the studies was found. Conclusions: Aloe vera may reduce fasting blood glucose in pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, further study with a well-design and standardized preparation is needed to emphasize the effect of Aloe vera on blood glucose control.
Pectinas modificadas con actividad contra el cáncer de colon: Una revisión sistemática de 2010-2021
Authors: Pérez-Loyola Matías , Valdés-González Marisela , Garrido Gabino
Published: August 2022

Context: Colon cancer is a serious disease that can be hereditary or arise from exposure to carcinogens in unhealthy food. Current chemotherapy treatment has serious cardiovascular adverse effects, is not always effective, and there may be resistance to treatment. Recently, studies have found an optimal anticancer activity of modified pectins on colon cancer. Aims: To systematically review the scientific literature, with PRISMA guidelines, of the articles found in the last 11 years, on the potential anticancer effects of pectins on colon cancer. Methods: PRISMA and Rayyan were used for the selection of studies and a standardized search was followed in four databases with the terms: modified pectins, cancer, therapy. Data extraction was performed using Excel and relevant information on anticancer activity was collected. Results: In total, 16 articles were included, finding seven in vitro, three mixed and six in vivo studies. The anticancer activity and optimization of the formulation, encapsulation, release of pectin-based drugs were evaluated by different methods in 12 and six articles, respectively. Most of the studies were classified as high quality with the AXIS tool. Furthermore, 11 out of 12 articles showed positive effects of modified pectins on colon cancer both in vivo and in vitro and six out of six articles found positive effects on pectin-based formulations. Conclusions: The evidence found suggests a beneficial effect of modified pectins on colon cancer, however, more in vivo studies are required.