bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Memorial trajetórias de uma pesquisadora e suas apropriações da psicologia histórico-cultural e da etnografia em educação
Authors: Gomes Maria de Fátima Cardoso
Published: November 2020

Sempre acreditei que esse gênero acadêmico que chamamos de “memorial” exige de seu autor muito “engenho e arte”, na medida em que o expõe a grandes riscos que vão da atitude ostentatória de auto-celebração à tentação de organização perfeita de um passado idealizado, o que já foi percucientemente denunciado como “ilusão biográfica”. Constato aqui, com satisfação, que Maria de Fátima enfrentou com êxito tal desafio. Em um verdadeiro gesto de reflexividade, ela examinou seu percurso de busca do conhecimento, relacionando sempre suas escolhas (temáticas, conceituais, metodológicas) com as “viradas conceituais e discursivas” sofridas pelo campo científico em cada momento histórico. E o fez com honestidade intelectual, sem dissimular os desacertos e os desencontros que toda caminhada científica comporta. Fundamentou com solidez as decisões epistemológicas que foi tomando ao longo dos anos, reconhecendo o quanto elas derivam de uma produção coletiva que generosamente compartilha com seus pares pesquisadores.
On Instructional Improvement: A Modest Essay
Authors: Hazi Helen M.
Published: November 2020

If we say we ‘deliver feedback to teachers,’ we most likely subscribe to a traditional approach to instructional improvement. In this approach the principal or supervisor treats the teacher as passive recipient who is expected to act on feedback that is too generic to be useful, and promotes a simplistic view of teaching and its improvement. In this essay I examine instructional improvement, a vague and taken-for-granted concept. I then identify what complicates our thinking about it, pose two competing approaches, and acknowledge our challenges. The essay concludes with a call to focus on teacher learning, if supervision scholars profess instructional improvement as our common purpose.
On the Origin of the Early Russian Version Kormchaya
Authors:   Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Barankova Galina S. , Belyakova Elena V. ,   Institute of Russian History, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2020

The section discusses issues related to the origin of Kormchaya of the early Russian version. The sources of Kormchaya, the textological features of its copies are examined. As a result of the study, Kormchaya's copies are divided into two groups: Novgorod-Varsonofevskaya and Volynskaya. Senior copy of the first group of the Synod. 132 (1280) contains a significant number of differences from other copies of its group, including also lapses and distortions. A comparison of the texts of the two groups showed that the text of the Volynskaya group is more archaic, and it preserves better the features of the original. All copies of the early Russian copy were revised. It affected, to varying degrees, the texts contained in Kormchaya. When examining Kormchaya it is necessary to take into account the diversity of its composition and to carry out analysis not in a comprehensive way, but on its separate articles. The section also presents the long and complex history of the early Russian version of Kormchaya.
On the Recently Discovered Versions of the Church Slavonic Prayer of St. Gregory
Authors:   Palacký University Olomouc, Vepřek Miroslav
Published: November 2020

The section presents an analysis of the newly found Church Slavonic versions of the so-called Prayer of St. Gregory. The prayer was translated from Latin and its complete text was preserved in six manuscripts in Russia and Serbia. The oldest part of the prayer – precisely the last third of the prayer – was written in the manuscript of Dimitri’s Psalter, which was discovered in 1975 in the monastery of St. Catherine on Mount Sinai. The analysis confirms that all the versions were derived from the same archetype whilst the two basic branches of the textual tradition split no later than in the 11th century. According to the presented research, West Slavonic origin of the translation is still the most probable; a short quotation of the prayer documented in Prayer to the Holy Trinity (another Church Slavonic paraliturgical text of Czech origin) serves as the evidence that the observed literary monument was well known and used in Bohemia in the 11th century.
On Some Sources of the Izbornik of the 13th Century
Authors:   Institute of Russian History, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vershinin Konstantin V.
Published: November 2020

The section highlights several sources of the Izbornik (“Miscellany”) of the 13th century (National Library of Russia, Q.п.I.18): Christian Topography by Cosmas Indicopleustes, Zlatostruj (Chrysorrhoas), Historia Ecclesiastica by Germanus of Constantinople. Also, it argues that the fragments of Theodoret of Cyrrhus and Gennadius of Constantinople came into the Izbornik from two (or more) preceding Russian exegetical compilations.
The Old Church Slavonic Translation of the Martyrdom of St. Anastasia of Rome
Authors:   University of Vienna, Reinhart Johannes
Published: November 2020

The Martyrdom of Anastasia relates the cruel death of the Roman saint. But, as has been shown by Paul Devos, that woman never lived, but was invented by a Byzantine hagiographer. The Martyrdom of Anastasia exists in two versions, both of which were translated into Old Church Slavonic. One Slavonic version (BHG 76z) has come down to us only in East Slavonic MSS, whereas the other one (BHG 76x) is attested in the Croatian Glagolitic, East Slavonic and Serbian redaction (from the 14th century onwards). Some East Slavonic MSS and the Serbian copy apparently go back to an antigraph that underwent a Middle Bulgarian redaction. The unchanged MSS – the Croatian Glagolitic fragment and two East Slavonic MSS – point to a translation from the East Bulgarian Literary School of Preslav in the 10th or 11th century.
A Folio from the Vukan Gospel (1196–1202): A Predecessor to “Bosnian” (Western Serbian) Manuscripts of the 13th–15th Centuries
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Savić Viktor ,   Serbian Language Institute, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Published: November 2020

According to M. Pešikan, Fol. 10 from the Vukan Gospel (10a.8–10g.21) was almost entirely written by Scribe IV, one of the eight scribes involved in writing out the original book. The greatest part of the manuscript was written by the monk Simeon. Scribe IV was a follower of an ancient, non-calligraphic Cyrillic tradition, older than any other tradition identified in this manuscript. In terms of palaeographic and orthographic features, he was a predecessor of the "Bosnian" codices of the 13th–15th centuries. This confirms that there was a direct link between the Serbian literacy tradition in Bosnia and the earlier literacy tradition in Raška, namely one of its many lines. Further, in the past, this tradition can be traced back to the South Slavic literacy tradition developed in the Byzantine Empire, in the territory of present-day Macedonia. The concept of the "southern line", which has so far been used in explaining the origins of western Serbian, "Bosnian" literary monuments, acquires a different meaning in this light: a crucial hub in spreading literacy from the south to the north were Serbian scriptoria – from northern Macedonia, through Kosovo and Metohija, to Raška – where the Serbian recension was fist-shaped and then spread further to the west, to Bosnia.
Rare and not Described in Dictionaries Lexemes in the Old Slavonic and Old Russian Literature
Authors:   Vinogradov Russian Language Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernysheva Margarita I.
Published: November 2020

The information presented in the major works on Paleo-Slavonic, Media-Slavonic, Old Russian and Middle Russian historical lexicography needs constant revision, additions, and updating. The replenishment of the source database of historical dictionaries leads to the accumulation of information regarding lexicographically not described lexemes, aging of quotation material, a reinterpretation of the semantics of rare words. The section contains the linguistic, historical, cultural and symbolic description of some rare names of shells in the Church-Slavonic-Russian script: skol(ь)ka, ostreosъ, konьkha, matica zhemchuzhnaya, omidi sъsoudъ, shivada, chashulya, pin(n)a, kokhlь, kolikhiya, kolьkhiya, kon(ь)khilь, konьkhila, bagryanica etc.
SENAM BERSAMA MASYARAKAT DESA BONTOCINI
Authors: Pratiwi Eka Serli
Published: November 2020

senam bersama masyarakat desa Bontocini di halaman rumah kepala desa.
LAPORAN JUM'AT BERSIH
Authors: Pratiwi Eka Serli
Published: November 2020

Jum'at Bersih Mesjid Al-Ikhlas dusun Palloli desa Bontocini.
Pembuatan papan nama dusun
Authors: syarif Nurhawani
Published: November 2020

Pembuatan dan pemasangan papan nama dusun
MENGIKUTI PROGRAM KERJA KECAMATAN
Authors: Pratiwi Eka Serli
Published: November 2020

ikut serta dalam program kerja kecamatan yang diadakan di hutan pinus paccumikang desa Jenetallasa kecamatan Rumbia.
Jurnal harian RISNA 9173770410064
Authors: Risna
Published: November 2020

Kuliah Kerja Lapangan Pengganti (KKLP) adalah Kegiatan akademik sebagai pengganti matakuliah Kuliah Kerja Lapangan (KKLP) yang dilaksanakan oleh kelompok mahasiswa berupa penyusunan laporan hasil review dari satu atau beberapa bidang pekerjaan industri/ instansi atau menghasilkan suatu karya baik berupa alat atau hasil.
The UBR2 E3 ubiquitin ligase is over-expressed in brain metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: November 2020

Post-translational modifications of proteins include the covalent conjugation of ubiquitin moieties to proteins by the catalytic function of E3 ligases(1). We found that the brain metastases of patients with brain metastatic breast cancer express significantly higher levels of the UBR2 E3 ligase as compared to primary tumors of the breast, through mining of published microarray data (2, 3). The substrates of UBR2 ubiquitination may be important for the underlying biology of brain metastasis, and UBR2 could potentially represent a novel therapeutic target in a disease with limited treatment options.
Merancang Kurikulum Perguruan Tinggi Era Digital
Authors: Wicaksono Hendro
Published: November 2020

Presentasi ini menjelaskan konteks dan kebutuhan di era digital yang memberi implikasi di dunia teknologi, bisnis, kewirausahaan, pendidikan dan pembelajaran. Presentasi ini kemudian membahas cara menyusun kurikulum di pendidikan tinggi yang dapat menjawab tantangan dan kebutuhan di era digital.
Intentional mind-wandering as intentional omission: The surrealist method
Authors: Arango-Munoz Santiago , Bermúdez Juan Pablo
Published: November 2020

Mind-wandering seems to be paradigmatically unintentional. However, experimental findings have yielded the paradoxical result that mind-wandering can also be intentional. In this paper, we first present the paradox of intentional mind-wandering and then explain intentional mind-wandering as the intentional omission to control one’s own thoughts. Finally, we present the surrealist method for artistic production to illustrate how intentional omission to control thoughts can be deployed towards creative endeavours.
Tear Film Evaluation in Contact Lens Wearers and Non Wearers
Authors: Shrestha GS , Sujakhu D , Shrestha JB , Shrestha JK
Published: November 2020

Background: Dry eye symptoms are more frequent in contact lens wearers than in non wearers. Dry eye is considered relatively common in contact lens wearers than non-wearers. However, there was no any report in our clinical setting that compared and addressed the issue related to dry eye and its symptom in contact lens wearers. The present study was conducted to compare pre-ocular tear lm in contact lens wearers (CLW) and contact lens non wearers (CLNW), and evaluate the relationship between clinical and subjective assessment of dry eye symptoms. Methods: It was a comparative study conducted among 131 subjects (262 eyes) attended in the contact lens clinic at BP Koirala Lions Center for the Ophthalmic Studies. Sixty five were daily soft contact lens wearers; sixty-six were non wearers. Tear function assessment included non- invasive tear break up time, invasive tear break up time, tear prism height and Schirmer II test. Subjective assessment of dry eye symptoms was carried out using McMonnies questionnaires. Results: Mean age of CLNW was 23.01± 5.53 and CLW was 23.6± 4.61. Female (89 subjects) visited more than male (42 subjects) in contact lens clinic. Mean symptom score in CLW was significantly higher than CLNW (p<0.001). But, distribution of symptomatology was not significantly different in both groups. Symptomatic subjects were elder (p<0.001) and female (p<0.05) in CLNW and only elder subjects in CLW. Tear function tests were significantly lower in symptomatic subjects in CLW and CLNW; Overall tear function test scores were also lower in CLW than CLNW. Tear function tests scores were insignificantly different in male and female. Coefficient of correlation was positive and weak for all tear function tests scores. Conclusions: Though, tear function tests scores were reduced in CLW than CLNW, dry eye symptomatology was almost similar. Subjective assessment of symptoms is as important as clinical tests. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v34i2.9044 Journal of Institute of Medicine August, 2012; 34:2 14-20
The Filozoficzne podstawy antylogiki
Authors: Nerczuk Zbigniew
Published: November 2020

Artykuł poświęcony jest sofistycznej metodzie antylogicznej. Tradycyjne rozumienie antylogiki ujmowanej jako przejaw agonicznych i erystycznych skłonności sofistów i pod wpływem optyki Platona przeciwstawianej dialektyce zostało w ostatnich dekadach, pod wpływem pracy G.B. Kerferda, zastąpione rozumieniem antylogiki jako samoistnej techniki argumentacyjnej, mającej swe własne źródła, istotę i cele. Idąc za interpretacją G.B. Kerferda, wedle której fundamentem antylogiki jest opozycja dwu logoi wynikająca ze sprzeczności lub przeciwieństwa, w konieczny sposób związanego ze światem zmysłowym, w artykule dowodzi się, że filozoficznych podstaw antylogiki należy poszukiwać w przedstawieniu poglądów przypisywanych Protagorasowi w Platońskim dialogu Teajtet.
التأثيرات السياسية في استدامة الدين العام في موازنة العراق 2019
Authors:   الجامعة المستنصرية/ كلية الادارة والاقتصاد, حامد جمعة م.م أحمد , فيلد البصري د. كمال
Published: November 2020

This study clarifies the analysis of the reality of the financial policy in the budget of Iraq 2019, and that analysis is evaluated by tracking the elements of the public budget from public expenditures and public revenues, and the study focuses on the size of the political impact on the path of public spending, as well as the analysis of public spending and revenues in various sectors and sections of the public budget. This study also shows the size of the risks resulting from the continuation of the financial deficit, as well as the risks of public debt according to the indicators of its sustainability analysis within the financial and economic indicators that express the risks of public debt. The study emphasized that public spending is still based on the political decision and does not achieve the principles and objectives of the economic budget that achieve the public benefit. The necessity requires efficient spending and fair distribution in order to avoid future public debt risks and their impact on future generations
التوطين العسكري-الاقتصادي وانعكاساته على مسار التنمية/ تجارب دولية مع اشارة لإمكانية تطبيقها في العراق
Authors: حسين محمد علي , شاكر أ.د. نضال
Published: November 2020

This study dealt with the impact of military expenditures on some economic and social indicators by examining the damage and losses in many civilian sectors. On the other hand, the research referred to the experiences of some selected countries in the possibility of re-directing military expenditures to aspects of development of an economic and social nature and possibility Benefit from those experiences in Iraq. Accordingly, the study was divided into three axes, in addition to the introduction and conclusion. The first axis dealt with studying the most important concepts related to military spending, while the second axis was with regard to damage and losses formed as a result of conflicts and wars, and the third axis related to the experiences of some development countries and the involvement of their armies in civilian investments, and the possibility of benefiting from these experiences and the possibility of resettling them in Iraq. The research started from the hypothesis that the duality of the impact of military expenditures on the path of economic and social variables makes the means of settling them in the economies of peace with permanent economic and social feasibility for sustainable development. Finally, the research included a conclusion and some conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which was that Iraq had witnessed many wars and conflicts, which led to the depletion of huge amounts of its economic resources, which led to the depletion of many economic and human resources as a direct result of the wars, while the main recommendation was that it was necessary to allocate a part. From military spending to serve the civil sector by involving the army in investing in stalled and stalled projects and reconstruction projects in the liberated cities.
تأثير الاستثمار الاجنبي المباشر في القيمة السوقية للشركة (دراسة تطبيقية في شركة بترو جانيا الصينية في عقود التراخيص النفطية للجولة الاولى والثانية في الحقول النفطية في العراق للمدة من 2017-2010)
Authors: عبد النبي موسى هيثم , نعمة غالي الفريجي أ .د حيدر
Published: November 2020

This study dealt with the effect of foreign direct investment on the market value of the company during the period of time (2010-2017). This issue was studied through a sample of oil fields in southern Iraq in which the company operates within the first and second licensing contracts rounds and according to the circumstances and variables of the investment environment as it is. Although this investment often achieves high returns, it is also characterized by a high degree of risk and for the purpose of evaluating the impact of foreign direct investment on the market value of the company's stock prices for the period (2010-2017). The statistical scale (T-TEST) was used to indicate the significance of the correlation hypotheses. Between the return on investment as the independent variable and the market value as the dependent variable, and the use of the coefficient of determination (R2) that measures the effect of the independent variable (foreign direct investment) on the dependent variable (market value) and the F-Test to demonstrate acceptance or rejection of the hypothesis of the return on investing in the market value of the oil company, and if the company achieves a high return in foreign direct investment, the market value of it will be affected positively. The study was based on a set of goals, including determining the attractiveness of Iraq to foreign investments, especially the oil sector, and the study reached a number of conclusions, the most prominent of which is the existence of a strong inverse correlation between the return on investment and the market value of the company. And the existence of a slight impact of the return on investment on the market value of the company, and the study reached a number of recommendations, the most important of which is activating the investment climate through political stability and the clarity and stability of laws and legislation regulating investment, which is one of the most important factors affecting the investment decision.
Using The Fully Modified M Method In Estimating The Effect Of Cultivated Area On Barley Production In Iraq For The Period 1970-2018
Authors: Kadhim Jbarah . Azhar , Shaker Mohammed Prof Dr. Ahmed
Published: November 2020

The research is concerned with estimating the effect of the cultivated area of barley crop on the production of that crop by estimating the regression model representing the relationship of these two variables. The results of the tests indicated that the time series of the response variable values is stationary and the series of values of the explanatory variable were nonstationary and that they were integrated of order one ( I(1) ), these tests also indicate that the random error terms are auto correlated and can be modeled according to the mixed autoregressive-moving average models ARMA(p,q), for these results we cannot use the classical estimation method to estimate our regression model, therefore, a fully modified M method was adopted, which is a robust estimation methods, The estimated results indicate a positive significant relation between the production of barley crop and cultivated area.
Foreign economic security of enterprises in the agricultural sector in the system of national security of the state: theoretical aspect
Authors:   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, Slyusarenko A. , Klyuchnik А.
Published: November 2020

The article investigates and generalizes the interpretations of scientists and practitioners on such categories as “national security”, “economic security”, “foreign economic security” in order to form a systematic understanding of the essence of foreign economic security of agricultural enterprises and to determine appropriate security characteristics. The role of the external economic component in the activities of agricultural enterprises has been updated because they are subject to the influence of a wide range of exogenous factors due to the development of internationalization and globalization processes. The system of national security with reflection of logical connections between its main components was formed and the place of foreign economic security of agricultural enterprises was determined.
Regional innovative development model of ecotourism infrastructure
Authors:   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, Dovhal H. , Bezuhla L. ,   Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University
Published: November 2020

The article analyses and summarizes the regulatory framework for regulating the development of the tourism sector and regional programs on the example of the Dnipropetrovsk region. The set of barriers hindering the effective formation and development of ecotourism infrastructure in the region is revealed. A regional innovation model for the development of ecotourism infrastructure is proposed, the introduction of which will contribute to the growth of rural incomes, increased revenues to local budgets, reduced unemployment by creating additional jobs, enhancing the development of small business in the villages of the region and public-private partnerships by attracting private investment.
Financial market functioning and development in the conditions of digitalization of the society
Authors:   Banking University, Kravchenko A.
Published: November 2020

The functioning and development of the financial market in the conditions of digitalization of society are investigated, in particular the classification of subjects and objects of the financial market is determined, the state of the financial market is analyzed, the index of the Herfindel-Hirschman financial market entities is determined, the financial market development, the latest digital financial technologies were developed
Whole and quality grits yield of emmer wheat grain depending on endosperm consistency and water-heat treatment
Authors:   Uman National University of Horticulture, Liubych V. , Leshchenko I. ,   Uman National University of Horticulture
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the determining of the effect of water-heat treatment regimes (moistening and softening) and hulling during the production of whole grits of emmer wheat with different vitreous endosperm. A comparative analysis of grits products yield was made, depending on the studied factors, and the optimal regimes are determined taking into account the culinary assessment of the finished product. During the production of whole grits of emmer wheat, the optimal to hull vitreous grain of moisture content 12.0–13.0%. The duration of hulling of such grain should be 40–120 s (grits yield 92–97%) to production high quality cereals and 120–140 s (grits yield 86–90%) – with very high.
The use of ferment preparations to increase the defensive functions and to decrease the stress influence on calves
Authors:   Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy, Shchepetilnikov Yu.
Published: November 2020

As a result of the studies, it was found that feeding calves with fodder enzyme preparations “Proxy” and “Respect” from 30 to 90 days of age in the composition of feed and contained under the conditions of the maximum permissible technological regime (GDTR) contributes to an increase in their live weight by 9, 9% and 10.2%, the intensity of their growth by 6% and 6.4%, gross growth – by 6.9% (p≤0.05). Enrichment of compound feed with enzymatic additives promoted an increase in the morphological and protein composition of the blood, as well as stimulation of cellular and humoral factors of nonspecific natural resistance of the body and a decrease in stress effects in calves.
Wykaz prac dyplomowych z antyku chrześcijańskiego ukończonych w niektórych ośrodkach naukowych w 2011-2013 roku
Authors: Figiel Józef
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
Dekoracje irlandzkich psałterzy
Authors: Bulas Ryszarda Maria
Published: November 2020

A particularly interesting question in medieval Irish literature, is decorating Psalters. Since the Biblical psalms were very popular among the Anglo-Saxons, they were often copied and decorated also in Ireland. Initially, the decoration was limited to ornamentation letters. Later there were elements depicting scenes from the life of David, which had its origins, according to F. Henry, in the Carolingian art. In this article, the author presents in chronological order all decorated Irish and Anglo-Saxon Psalters, which show visible influence of the Irish art (Cathach, Durham Cassiodorus, Psalter of Cantorbury, Cotton Psalter, Southampton Psalter, Ricemarcus’ Psalter, Liber hymnorum, Psalter of the St. Caimin).
Pochodzenie i upadek człowieka w "Traktatach wielkanocnych" św. Gaudentego z Brescii
Authors: Degórski Bazyli
Published: November 2020

The article surveys the teaching of Gaudentius on anthropology and especially on the Creation of human being and his primordial fall. The doctrine of St. Gaudentius recalls that of the Fathers, since he was de­pending on them and at the same time he had an influence on their works, so he can be inserted in a theological sequence: Origen (ca. 185-254), Basil of Caesarea (329-379), Gregory of Nyssa (335-395), Ambrose (339-397), Evagrius Ponticus (345-399), Philastrius (died ca. 397), Gaudentius (died 410), Augustine of Hippo (354-430), John Cassian (360-435), Quodvultdeus (died 454). The anthropological teaching of St. Gaudentius is an essential part of the wider Patristic Tradition, from which he takes exegetical elements, while at the same time providing many original insights.
Źli chrześcijanie w Kościele w świetle nauczania św. Augustyna
Authors: Terka Mariusz
Published: November 2020

The main perspective from which St. Augustine describes the Church, is the category of good and evil. It is included in the image of the heavenly Jerusalem understood as a community of saints in heaven, Zion as a symbol of the pilgrim Church and the metaphor of Babylon, which is the kingdom of evil and persecu­tor of the followers of Christ. The Church on earth exists between Jerusalem and Babylon, and for this reason there are both good and bad people. That confusion is an important feature of Augustine’s Church in its earthly dimension. Saints Christians are trying to improve the bad members of the Body of Christ, but they are also forced to tolerate the evil that they cannot change, and bad Christians can persecute the good ones. Augustine calls their mutual relationship the spiritual battle. The judgment of them, and their final separation belongs to God only, and it will be done during the Final Judgement.
Rola ojca na podstawie 20. homilii Jana Złotoustego na list św. Pawła do Efezjan
Authors: Yatskov Dem’yan
Published: November 2020

The division of family responsibilities, which are designed for each house­hold member and harmonious family relationships are one of the most important keynotes of St. John’s Chrysostom preaching. In order to explain this issue he wrote homily on the Epistle to the Ephesians. According to it, the role of father in household is based on following Christ. Husbant’s relationship to his wife, especially respect for her, should be built by analogy to the relationship between Christ and the Church. The author calls the family a “small church”, comparing it to the Church as the Mystical Body. Living of the “small Church” is permeated with prayer and Holy Scripture reading. Firstly husband – the head of the family, performs the following Christian actions: reads inspired texts, strengthens himself by the sacrament of the Eucharist (that is , he takes the Holy Communion). And thanks to that going to church and celebrate the Lord’s Day, are the usual practice of all members of the parva Ecclesia.
Podstawy i elementy formacji chrześcijańskiej według Leona Wielkiego
Authors: Ziółkowska Marta
Published: November 2020

The pontificate of Leo the Great (440-461) was one of the longest in the histo­ry of the Church. Since his days as Pope were difficult and complicated, Leo’s part in the civil and political events of the Roman Empire was significant. That time was also characterized by continuous christological debates and controversies in which Leo’s voice as that of the head of the Catholic Church was decisive. He considered it his fundamental duty to strengthen Christian faith through formation and spiritual direction of the faithful. It also involved the formation of Christian character. His Sermons clearly testify to St. Leo’s fundamental role as a spiritual guide who strives for the salvation of the souls of those who are called to perceive their earthly lives in the proper manner. This paper offers a detailed analysis of Sermons delivered on various occa­sions, including Advent, Lent or Ember days which were for Pope Leo an occa­sion for a systematic exercise of his responsibilities. The first part of the paper deals with Leo’s conception of the basis and goals of spiritual formation in the 5th c. The second part sets forth the main elements of the formation programme. Consequently, the ancient concept of Christian formation has been presented here with its practical adaptations as implemented in daily striving for holiness.
Pseudo-Augustyn, Dialog antymanichejski (Sermo contra Manichaeum)
Authors: Myszor Wincenty
Published: November 2020

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Wczesnochrześcijańska symbolika o charakterze ponerologicznym. Wybrane przykłady
Authors: Paczkowski Mieczysław Celestyn
Published: November 2020

Ponerology is devoted to the study of evil in its different aspects. Indeed, also in the early Church it was created a kind of ponerological symbolism. This short study analyses some of these significant traditionally interpreted symbols. In the Christian symbolism holiness is full of fragrance, however the demons and sins emit a terrible odor. The symbolic value of darkness covers the negative aspects of human ignorance, evil, disbelief, danger and death. The fire represents not only illumination and light, but it has the punitive value. The serpent is first mentioned in connection with the history of the temptation and fall of the humanity. In the Christian tradition the serpent or the „dragon” represents Satan, the malicious ene­my. Babylon symbolizes all that is worldly and fell away from God. St. Augustine sees the world in which he lives as a mixture of the city of confusion and the city of heaven (Jerusalem). In the ponerological symbolism appears Amalek. The Fathers equated them with passion or evil. The faithful of Christ always fights against him. In Origen this approach is much more clearly defined in his explicitly spiritualizing reading. The ponerological symbolism of the ancient Christian lite­rature contained a moral or religious lessons or allegories.
„Związać mocarza”: starcie Jezusa i Belzebuba. Starożytna egzegeza Mt 12, 29 oraz tekstów paralelnych
Authors: Bastit-Kalinowska Agnieszka
Published: November 2020

Although Peter seems to echo the opinion commonly held when he says that Jesus „went about doing good” (Act 10, 38), Jesus was accused of „casting out demons by Beelzebub, the ruler of the demons” (Mt 12, 24). In answer, he pro­poses a very short parable, the one of the „Strong one” tied up to seize his goods (Mt 12, 29). The present article studies the influence of this verse in the early Christian literature. The victory of the Saviour over evil is interpreted as the result of a cosmic fight (Origen) or as the merciful redemption of the human being and his restoration and vivification by the Holy Spirit (Irenaeus).
Złe duchy – diabeł i demony na podstawie "Homilii o Księdze Psalmów" Orygenesa-Hieronima
Authors: Pochwat Józef
Published: November 2020

According to the researchers, Origen († 254) was the author of the Homilies on the Book of Psalms, whereas Jerome († 420) was their translator into Latin. Based on the above work, we have determined who are the devil and demons. These spirits of wickedness, after rebellion directed against God, were expelled from heaven and they stay in a terrible place, in hell. The Devil and his army are doing everything to separate man from God and make him his friend. This happens when man rejects God’s commandments and commits sin. The author, aware of human weaknesses, stresses the possibility of returning to God through repentance and penance. The forgiveness of sins became possible by the saving passion, death and resurrection of Christ. We wish to stress a strong christocentrism in the teaching of Origen – Jerome. Analysis of the text of the Homilies indicates authorship of Origen with the exception of places with information about Arius and monks, which indicates authorship of Jerome or these are only his notes made during translation of the Origen’s Homilies from Greek into Latin.
„Bestiariusz niewiary”. Ludzie oddaleni od Boga w nauczaniu św. Hilarego z Poitiers
Authors: Karczewska Helena
Published: November 2020

Bishop of Poitiers, referring to the allegorical interpretation of Scripture, makes the characteristics of people away from God through unbelief. Comparing them to beasts, Hilary creates an unique „bestiary of disbelief”. Bishop of Poitiers shows the catalogue of beasts and gives them a symbolic significance which re­veals the nature of opponents of the Church. In the allegorical world of beasts many animals can be found: foxes mean false prophets, ravens – sinners and cattle as a symbol of heathen. In general Bishop of Poitiers indicates symbol of serpent as heretics who reject the gift of faith in Christ and contempt the doctrine of the Church. In Hilary’s works a lot of helpful directions for believers are given. Bishop focuses on gaining spiritual knowledge and proclamation of the Gospel.
Ontyczne konsekwencje grzechu Adama w ujęciu Maksyma Wyznawcy
Authors: Kochańczyk-Bonińska Karolina
Published: November 2020

Maximus the Confessor points out that Adam’s sin totally changed the mode of existence of human nature, which has since been proliferated via procreation involving sensual pleasure. The focus on sensual pleasure is the prima­ry consequence of Adam’s sin. Sensual experiences are not sinful as such though they are particularly vulnerable to Satan’s temptations. It is particularly dangerous when our will is weakened and inclined to choose evil. That is why Maximus links pleasure with suffering and death which are consequences of Adam’s turning to pleasure – pleasure which at the same time caused his separation from God. Despite of passibility, corruption of will and death, which directly affect human nature, there are other consequences of Adam’s sin that involve the universe as a whole. These are five divisions which destroy harmony in the cosmos: the di­vision between man and woman, created and uncreated, sensual and intelligible, earth and heaven, settled world and paradise.
Proso w gastronomii antyku i wczesnego Bizancjum
Authors: Rzeźnicka Zofia , Kokoszko Maciej
Published: November 2020

The present article deals with some culinary applications of millet in Antiquity and Byzantine period, as demonstrated in select Greek and Roman literary sources (Athenaeus of Naucratis, Pedanius Dioscurides, Galen, Oribasius, Aetius of Amida, Alexander of Tralles, Symeon Seth, Geoponica, Byzantine lexi­ca, Cato, Columella, Antimus and Apicius). The authors of the article start their analysis with presenting two kinds of millet, which ancient and Byzantine people were familiar with, namely Latin – milium, i.e. broomcorn millet, Latin – panicum, i.e. foxtail millet. Subsequently, they demonstrate suitability of the cereals for bread baking. As result, they prove that millet bread was fairly popular and appreciated, even though Greek dietitians promoted the doctrine that millet was suitable for the purpose of bread production only in the time of scarcity of other, better quality grains. Accordingly, they specify various kinds of bread and describe diverse sorts of ov­ens (furnus, furniculus) it was baked in. The authors also write about one of the ancient desserts, occasionally made of millet flour, namely about libum. Then, the authors of the article discuss Roman puls, which were two kinds of foods eaten (instead of bread) by a considerable fraction of an­cient and Byzantine society and which could also be prepared from the analyzed cereal. The discussion is exemplified with some extant recipes. Ultimately, the authors of the study refer to the evidence left by medical writers (Galen, Oribasius, Aetius of Amida, Alexander of Tralles), as they discuss soups/ gruels and beverages prepared from millet, which were said to possess some medical values (and, as the sources re­veal, were profited from mostly to cure alimentary tract disorders).
Owies w greckich traktatach medycznych starożytności i Bizancjum (V w. prz. Chr. - XI w. po Chr.)
Authors: Kokoszko Maciej , Jagusiak Krzysztof , Rzeźnicka Zofia
Published: November 2020

The common oat (Avena sativa) is a kind of cereal which is fairly well attested in the ancient and Byzantine Greek sources. It is to be noted that medical litera­ture of the abovementioned periods is especially informative as far as the subject in question is concerned. The body of evidence shows that both in Antiquity as well as over the Byzantine period (i.e. between the Vth and the XIth centuries) oats belonged to the crops which did not enjoy much appreciation nor special attention on the part of both mass consumers as well as medical specialists. Generally the cereal was thought to be worse than other crops and therefore lending itself to being animal fodder. It was made use of almost exclusively as an emergency food in case of shortages of other cereals. Though there are very few recipes that refer directly to the ways of preparing oats as food, some guidelines can be formulated on the basis of information per­taining to other cereals. The analyzed sources appear to suggest that it was used to prepare thin soups (on the basis of oats cooking liquor). Moreover, the cereal was also cooked into gruel-like soups. Having been finely ground, it could also be utilized to prepare bread, which, however, was not highly appreciated for its taste nor dietetic value. Medical sources characterize oats in reasonable detail. The cereal is said to be not very appealing in its flavour (which reveals unbalanced humours), characteris­tic of limited wholesomeness, slightly astringent (and therefore slowing down the work of the alimentary tract), hard to digest, delicately desiccating, heating and cooling at the same time. The same material suggests that oats were used for therapeutic purposes. Mainly they were profited from to treat diarrhea, stomach problems, liver ail­ments, prepare cataplasms to stimulate diaphoresis, help remove mucus from the bronchi and feed the feverish.
Eustathius of Antioch in modern research
Authors: Cartwright Sophie
Published: November 2020

Eustacjuszowi z Antiochii († ok. 327), chociaż pełnił ważne funkcje w Kościele czasów Konstantyna Wielkiego i odegrał znaczną rolę na początku kontrowersji ariańskiej, nie poświęcano jednak należnej mu uwagi w badaniach naukowych. Najczęściej postrzegano go jako prekursora nestorianizmu i jako jednego z przedstawicieli egzegezy i teologii antiocheńskiej. Wynikało to w du­żej mierze z niedoboru i fragmentaryczności źródeł. Inspiracją do podjęcia no­wych badań nad Eustacjuszem stało się wydanie jego dzieł przez J.H. Declercka, a zwłaszcza zamieszczenie wśród nich Contra Ariomanitas et de anima (CCG 51, Turnhout 2002), streszczające jego poglądy teologiczne. W niniejszym artykule Autorka przedstawia pokrótce historię badań nad myślą Eustacjusza z Antiochii i dokonuje próby ich oceny. Wskazuje też równocześnie, w oparciu o najnowsze prace naukowe, na konieczność analizowania jego dzieł w odniesieniu do naucza­nia Orygenesa, jak również filozofii greckiej (platonizmu, arystotelizmu).
Is the Kingdom of Heaven the Church of Jesus Christ?
Authors: Napiórkowski Andrzej
Published: November 2020

Zamierzeniem niniejszego artykułu jest pogłębienie rozumienia Kościoła, po­przez wykazanie podobieństw i różnic między królestwem Bożym a Kościołem, tym bardziej że jeszcze do niedawna eklezjologia katolicka utożsamiała wręcz te pojęcia. Myśl patrystyczna, zarówno grecka jak i łacińska, łączyła niekiedy te rzeczywistości, opisując Kościół jako część Królestwa Bożego. U większości Ojców Kościoła odnajdujemy z łatwością takie teksty, potwierdzające nie tylko istnienie wielu elementów wspólnych dla tych dwóch rzeczywistości, lecz nawet ich identyfikację. Wydaje się jednak, iż eklezjologia Ojców Wschodu (Atanazy, Grzegorz z Nyssy, Grzegorz z Nazjanzu, Cyryl Aleksandryjski), mocno oparta na teologii Pawła Apostoła, dla którego Kościół to mistyczne Ciało Chrystusa (por. Rz 12, 4-5; 1Kor 12, 12-31), osiągnęła większą głębię chrystologiczną. I dlate­go w dziełach Ojców greckich nie dochodzi do utożsamiania Królestwa Bożego i Kościoła Jezusa Chrystusa, większość z nich natomiast przeprowadza dość czytelną linię podziału między tymi dwoma rzeczywistościami. Dopiero jednak Sobór Watykański II i teologia posoborowa dokonały poważnego rozróżnienia między tymi dwiema wielkościami, pogłębiając tym samym rozumienie istoty i misji Kościoła.
Prof. dr hab. Edward Zwolski – droga intelektualnego rozwoju i dorobek naukowo-literacki
Authors: Kochanek Piotr
Published: November 2020

This article provides a brief biography of Edward Zwolskiego, an eminent Polish scholar of ancient history, and a bibliography of his publications, as well as some of his unpublished translations. E. Zwolski was born in 1932 and died September 19, 1997. He was a professor at the Catholic University of Lublin for over 40 years. He left about 100 publications. Professor E. Zwolski was known not only as an excellent researcher, but also as a very good teacher.
THE ANALYSIS OF COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE IN CORBUZIER PODCAST OF SITI FADILAH, SEBUAH KONSPIRASI – SAYA DIKORBANKAN EPISODE
Authors: Anggrarini Natalia , Dian Rosdiana Deuis
Published: November 2020

Discussing the misleading of information in interaction in Podcast is rare in language research. Considering the concept of cooperative principle and the failure of observing maxims in an interaction by Grice (1989[1967]), this research investigated the flouting and violating of maxims appears within the podcast. The data source of study is a podcast of Deddy Corbuzier with Siti Fadilah Supari, the Former of Indonesian Health Minister which entitled Siti Fadilah, Sebuah Konspirasi – Saya dikorbankan. This study discovers the participant’s failing to observe the maxims, in form of flouting and violating. There are 57 exchanges flouted as the most common participant’s failure in observing the maxims, which consists of 29 quantity maxims (50%), 14 manner maxims (25%), 9 quality maxims (16%), and 5 relation maxims (9%). Then it is followed by the violation in 7 exchanges, which occurs in 3 quality maxims (43%), 2 quantity maxims (29%), 1 relation maxim (14%) and 1 manner maxim (14%). The study finds the podcast provides the various information, since the participant provides the more contribution rather than is required as the domination of flouting in quantity maxim. This study implies the need of reconfirming of the utterance that is presumable to lead failure of information understanding.
Opismenjevanje otrok s slepoto
Authors: Kermauner Aksinija
Published: November 2020

Literacy of children with blindness Literacy and reading for children with blindness is a relatively unknown field, as the topic is not covered in any national research, and due to the specific way of reading Braille, a comparison with sighted peers does not give a clear picture. A child with blindness has less incentive to develop, explores less, and learns less through imitation, so we need to help him/her with certain methods and aids to catch his/hers peers. Literacy for children with blindness due to the use of braille is different from that of sighted peers, so preparations for literacy are very important, where in addition to developing vocabulary, orientation and coordination with planned exercises, we must also develop the child’s tactile skills. With systematic tactile stimuli, the sensitivity of the finger pads increases, which is a prerequisite for successful reading of Braille. A child with blindness does not encounter the graphic image of letters as a sighted peer at every turn, so we offer him/her the opportunity to get to know the letters in Braille in his/hers everyday environment. Adapted materials and planned activities are suitable for this, such as getting to know the wall tactile fairy tale, book in the box, reading tactile pictures, tactile games and tasks, tactile picture books and tactile kamishibai. Only through systematic work and the earliest possible holistic treatment will the child be able to reach his or her sighted peers in the field of literacy as well. Key words: literacy, children with blindness, tactile rebus, tactile picture book, book in the box, tactile kamishibai