bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative characterization of the glycosylation profiles of an influenza hemagglutinin produced in plant and insect hosts
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Sherwood Robert W. , Yang Yong , Fish Tara , Chen Wei , McCardle James A. , Jones R. Mark , Yusibov Vidadi , May Eliel Ruiz , Rose Jocelyn K.C. , Thannhauser Theodore. W.
Published: May 2012

The main objective of this study was to characterize the N‐linked glycosylation profiles of recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) proteins expressed in either insect or plant hosts, and to develop a mass spectrometry based workflow that can be used in quality control to assess batch‐to‐batch reproducibility for recombinant HA glycosylation. HA is a surface glycoprotein of the influenza virus that plays a key role in viral infectivity and pathogenesis. Characterization of the glycans for plant recombinant HA from the viral strain A/California/04/09 (H1N1) has not yet been reported. In this study, N‐linked glycosylation patterns of the recombinant HAs from both insect and plant hosts were characterized by precursor ion scan‐driven data‐dependent analysis followed by high‐resolution MS/MS analysis of the deglycosylated tryptic peptides. Five glycosylation sites (N11, N23, N276, N287, and N481) were identified containing high mannose type glycans in plant‐expressed HAs, and complex type glycoforms for the insect‐expressed HA. More than 95% site occupancy was observed for all glycosylation sites except N11, which was 60% occupied. Multiple‐reaction monitoring based quantitation analysis was developed for each glycopeptide isoform and the quantitative results indicate that the Man8GlcNAc2 is the dominant glycan for all sites in plant‐expressed HAs. The relative abundance of the glycoforms at each specific glycosylation site and the relative quantitation for each glycoform among three HAs were determined. Few differences in the glycosylation profiles were detected between the two batches of plant HAs studied, but there were significant differences between the glycosylation patterns in the HAs generated in plant and insect expression hosts.
Protein turnover: Measurement of proteome dynamics by whole animal metabolic labelling with stable isotope labelled amino acids
Authors: Claydon Amy J. , Thom Michael D. , Hurst Jane L. , Beynon Robert J.
Published: May 2012

The measurement of protein turnover in tissues of intact animals is obtained by whole animal dynamic labelling studies, requiring dietary administration of precursor label. It is difficult to obtain full labelling of precursor amino acids in the diet and if partial labelling is used, calculation of the rate of turnover of each protein requires knowledge of the precursor relative isotope abundance (RIA). We describe an approach to dynamic labelling of proteins in the mouse with a commercial diet supplemented with a pure, deuterated essential amino acid. The pattern of isotopomer labelling can be used to recover the precursor RIA, and sampling of urinary secreted proteins can monitor the development of liver precursor RIA non‐invasively. Time‐series analysis of the labelling trajectories for individual proteins allows accurate determination of the first order rate constant for degradation. The acquisition of this parameter over multiple proteins permits turnover profiling of cellular proteins and comparisons of different tissues. The median rate of degradation of muscle protein is considerably lower than liver or kidney, with heart occupying an intermediate position.
MRM‐based multiplexed quantitation of 67 putative cardiovascular disease biomarkers in human plasma
Authors: Domanski Dominik , Percy Andrew J. , Yang Juncong , Chambers Andrew G. , Hill John S. , Freue Gabriela V. Cohen , Borchers Christoph H.
Published: May 2012

A highly‐multiplexed MRM‐based assay for determination of cardiovascular disease (CVD) status and disease classification has been developed for clinical research. A high‐flow system using ultra‐high performance LC and an Agilent 6490 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, equipped with an ion funnel, provided ease of use and increased the robustness of the assay. The assay uses 135 stable isotope‐labeled peptide standards for the quantitation of 67 putative biomarkers of CVD in tryptic digests of whole plasma in a 30‐min assay. Eighty‐five analyses of the same sample showed no loss of sensitivity (<20% CV for 134/135 peptides) and no loss of retention time accuracy (<0.5% CV for all peptides). The maximum linear dynamic range of the MRM assays ranged from 103–105 for 106 of the assays. Excellent linear responses (r >0.98) were obtained for 117 of the 135 peptide targets with attomole level limits of quantitation (<20% CV and accuracy 80–120%) for 81 of the 135 peptides. The assay presented in this study is easy to use, robust, sensitive, and has high‐throughput capabilities through short analysis time and complete automated sample preparation. It is therefore well suited for CVD biomarker validation and discovery in plasma.
SRM targeted proteomics in search for biomarkers of HCV‐induced progression of fibrosis to cirrhosis in HALT‐C patients
Authors: Qin Shizhen , Zhou Yong , Lok Anna S. , Tsodikov Alex , Yan Xiaowei , Gray Li , Yuan Min , Moritz Robert L. , Galas David , Omenn Gilbert S. , Hood Leroy
Published: May 2012

The current gold standard for diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis is the traditional invasive liver biopsy. It is desirable to assess hepatic fibrosis with noninvasive means. Targeted proteomic techniques allow an unbiased assessment of proteins and might be useful to identify proteins related to hepatic fibrosis. We utilized selected reaction monitoring (SRM) targeted proteomics combined with an organ‐specific blood protein strategy to identify and quantify 38 liver‐specific proteins. A combination of protein C and retinol‐binding protein 4 in serum gave promising preliminary results as candidate biomarkers to distinguish patients at different stages of hepatic fibrosis due to chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Also, alpha‐1‐B glycoprotein, complement factor H and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein acid labile subunit performed well in distinguishing patients from healthy controls.
The development of selected reaction monitoring methods for targeted proteomics via empirical refinement
Authors: Bereman Michael S. , MacLean Brendan , Tomazela Daniela M. , Liebler Daniel C. , MacCoss Michael J.
Published: May 2012

Software advancements in the last several years have had a significant impact on proteomics from method development to data analysis. Herein, we detail a method, which uses our in‐house developed software tool termed Skyline, for empirical refinement of candidate peptides from targeted proteins. The method consists of four main steps from generation of a testable hypothesis, method development, peptide refinement, to peptide validation. The ultimate goal is to identify the best performing peptide in terms of ionization efficiency, reproducibility, specificity, and chromatographic characteristics to monitor as a proxy for protein abundance. It is important to emphasize that this method allows the user to perform this refinement procedure in the sample matrix and organism of interest with the instrumentation available. Finally, the method is demonstrated in a case study to determine the best peptide to monitor the abundance of surfactant protein B in lung aspirates.
Spatial and temporal variability of aerosol particles in Arctic spring
Authors: Shantz N. C. , Gultepe I. , Liu P. S. K. , Earle M. E. , Zelenyuk A.
Published: May 2012

The objective of this work is to investigate the variability in the aerosol particle number concentration in Arctic spring. The Indirect and Semi‐Direct Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC) was conducted during April 2008 in the vicinities of Fairbanks and Barrow, Alaska. Aircraft‐based measurements of total aerosol particle number concentration (Na) in the size range of 0.12–3 µm diameter were obtained using a passive cavity aerosol spectrometer probe (PCASP‐100X). The analysis considersNaduring cloud‐free periods in biomass burning (BB) and non‐BB aerosol loading scenarios, the latter including background cases and cases with elevated concentration in layers. The BB cases had air masses originating mainly from Russian and Asian forest and crop fires, whereas the non‐BB cases originated predominantly from Arctic or oceanic regions. The averageNafor all non‐BB cases was 127 cm−3, while that for all BB cases wasNa= 720 cm−3. These estimates do not, however, capture the details of aerosol particle layers encountered during most flights. Variability inNawas considered for constant altitude (horizontal) flight legs ranging from 50 to 650 km in length, as well as for vertical flight profiles up to 7 km above sea level. When aerosol particle layers were encountered,Narapidly increased from 20 to 550 cm−3, and reached up to 2200 cm−3within air masses dominated by BB plumes. The observed variability inNamay have important implications for estimating cloud microphysical properties as well as estimates of particle properties used in global climate model simulations, because averaging over large space‐ or time‐scales may not represent real atmospheric conditions. The analysis demonstrates the difficulty in interpreting average aerosol particle characteristics along longer flight legs, particularly during cases with higher particle loading that varies over shorter distance scales and time periods. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown in the right of Canada.
A suboptimal data assimilation algorithm based on the ensemble Kalman filter
Authors: Klimova Ekaterina
Published: May 2012

A suboptimal algorithm for data assimilation based on the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is proposed. An advantage of the algorithm is that it does not require an additional calculation of the ensemble of perturbations that correspond to the analysis‐error covariance matrix because it is calculated automatically with this algorithm. The operation count of the algorithm is close to that of the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF), but its formulae are different from those of the LETKF. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Impact of perturbation methods in the ECMWF ensemble prediction system on tropical cyclone forecasts
Authors: Lang S. T. K. , Leutbecher M. , Jones S. C.
Published: May 2012

In the operational configuration of the ensemble prediction system of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts, different methods are applied to account for initial condition and model uncertainties. Singular vectors and an ensemble of data assimilations are used to generate perturbations to the initial conditions. Two stochastic tendency perturbation schemes aim to mimic model errors: the stochastic kinetic‐energy backscatter scheme and the stochastically perturbed parametrization tendency scheme. In this study, the impact of the different perturbation methods on the ensemble spread during tropical cyclone (TC) events is compared and the time evolution of the spatial perturbation structure is investigated. The structure of perturbations due to different methods initially is quite different. However, our results show that they converge toward a TC displacement and an intensity‐change pattern during the first two days of the forecast, on average. The perturbations generated by the stochastic tendency perturbation schemes grow rapidly and effectively excite growing modes of the flow. After 48 hours, a large part of the total energy of the singular vector perturbations in the vicinity of the TCs can be explained by the perturbations of other methods. The perturbations by the ensemble of data assimilations dominate the ensemble spread for a rather short lead time (around 24 hours). In about 40% of cases, the perturbations due to the tendency perturbation schemes or those generated from singular vectors produce a larger TC track and central pressure spread than the perturbations by the ensemble of data assimilations after two days forecast time. If all methods are applied, the average TC track spread of the ensemble matches the average error of the ensemble‐mean well. In addition, the ensemble captures the anisotropy in the position uncertainty of the TCs. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Assimilation of RAPID array observations into an ocean model
Authors: Stepanov Vladimir N. , Haines Keith , Smith Gregory C.
Published: May 2012

Experiments assimilating the RAPID dataset of deep temperature and salinity profiles at 26.5°N on the western and eastern Atlantic boundaries into a 1° global NEMO ocean model have been performed. The meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is then assessed against the transports calculated directly from observations. The best initialization found for this short period was obtained by assimilating the EN3 upper‐ocean hydrography database prior to 2004, after which different methods of assimilating 5‐day average RAPID profiles at the western boundary were tested. The model MOC is strengthened by ∼ 2 Sv giving closer agreement with the RAPID array transports, when the western boundary profiles are assimilated only below 900 m (the approximate depth of the Florida Straits, which are not well resolved) and when the T,S observations are spread meridionally from 10 to 35°N along the deep western boundary.

The use of boundary‐focused covariances has the largest impact on the assimilation results, otherwise using more conventional Gaussian covariances has a very local impact on the MOC at 26°N with strong adverse impacts on the MOC stream function at higher and lower latitudes. Even using boundary‐focused covariances only enables the MOC to be strengthened for ∼ 2 years, after which the increased transport of warm waters leads to a negative feedback on water formation in the subpolar gyre which then reduces the MOC. This negative feedback can be mitigated if EN3 hydrography data continue to be assimilated along with the RAPID array boundary data. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown in the right of Canada.
Atmospheric water‐vapour profiling from passive microwave sounders over ocean and land. Part II: Validation using existing instruments
Authors: Bernardo Frédéric , Aires Filipe , Prigent Catherine
Published: May 2012

In a companion article (Paper I), a water‐vapour retrieval algorithm has been developed using microwave sounding observations. An operational chain derived from this algorithm is being used for the Megha‐Tropiques mission, launched in autumn 2011. The water vapour is retrieved for clear and cloudy scenes, excluding precipitation cases, over ocean and land surfaces. By‐products are also calculated by the algorithm, including surface temperature and microwave emissivities over land.

Evaluation of the water‐vapour products is the main objective of this article. The algorithm is tested using the HSB/AMSR‐E (resp. MHS/AMSU‐A) instruments on board the AQUA (resp. MetOp) platform, over the Tropics between ±30° in latitude. Results are compared with European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses and data from radiosondes. The root‐mean‐square error for the total column water vapour is ∼5 kg m2 for both clear and cloudy scenes, compared with radiosondes over land. The atmospheric water‐vapour profile is retrieved for six atmospheric layers and the root‐mean‐square error is estimated to be lower than 20% in relative humidity, even for the lowest atmospheric layer over land. A posteriori validation tests on the brightness temperatures indicate an overall positive impact of the retrievals relative to a priori ECMWF analyses. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Invigoration of cumulus cloud fields by mesoscale ascent
Authors: Kirshbaum D. J. , Grant A. L. M.
Published: May 2012

Large‐eddy simulations of trade‐wind cumuli impinging on an idealized island ridge are conducted to investigate the impact of mesoscale ascent on the morphology and vigour of cumulus convection. The simulations develop realistic cloud fields that invigorate when forced to ascend the high terrain despite being trapped beneath a sinking trade‐wind inversion. Two upstream cloud regimes are considered, the first non‐precipitating and the second lightly precipitating. Focus is placed on the precipitating case, where the island gives rise to a dramatic (15‐fold) precipitation enhancement compared to the upstream ocean. This arises from (i) an increased concentration of buoyant updraughts, (ii) the ‘lapse‐rate’ mechanism, wherein saturated parcels gain buoyancy as they ascend alongside dry parcels with different adiabatic lapse rates, and (iii) the ‘cloud‐size’ mechanism, wherein the fractional entrainment rate decreases due to an increase in the mean horizontal cloud size. Although the first two mechanisms have received previous attention, the third is novel and potentially important. The broader clouds within the ascending airstream possess less dilute and more buoyant inner core regions that ascend faster through the cloud layer. Moreover, the increased liquid‐water supplies and longer residence times of raindrops within these clouds lead to a sharp enhancement in the precipitation efficiency. The island cloud broadening is favoured by the presence of broad water‐vapour anomalies within the impinging airstream that are mechanically lifted to saturation, along with basic energetic constraints that support wider, less dilute clouds in areas of rapid forced ascent. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
The Bernoulli CUSUM Chart for Detecting Decreases in a Proportion
Authors: Reynolds Marion R.
Published: May 2012

This article considers the Bernoulli CUSUM chart for detecting a decrease in the proportion p of nonconforming items when a continuous stream of Bernoulli observations from the process is available. The properties of the Bernoulli CUSUM chart can be obtained using a Markov chain model. However, in some cases, the number of transient states in the Markov chain may be so large that it is not feasible to work directly with the transition matrix. This article provides a solution to the equations used in defining the Markov chain so that properties of the chart can be obtained without explicitly using the transition matrix. This solution allows the practitioner to determine the control limit required to give a specified in‐control performance. A simple example is used to show that using the Bernoulli CUSUM chart is a better option than the standard practice of artificially grouping the observations into samples of size n > 1 and using a Shewhart chart. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Generalized Likelihood Ratio Control Chart for Monitoring the Process Mean Subject to Linear Drifts
Authors: Xu Liaosa , Wang Sai , Reynolds Marion R.
Published: May 2012

This article considers the problem of monitoring a normally distributed process variable when a special cause may produce a time‐varying linear drift in the mean. The design and application of a generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) control chart for drift detection are evaluated. The GLR drift chart does not require specification of any tuning parameters by the practitioner and has the advantage that, at the time of the signal, estimates of both the change point and the drift size are immediately available. An equation to accurately approximate the control limit is provided. The performance of the GLR drift chart is compared with that of other control charts such as a standard cumulative sum chart and a cumulative score chart designed for drift detection. We also compare the GLR chart designed for drift detection with the GLR chart designed for sustained shift detection because both of them require only a control limit to be specified. In terms of the expected time for detection and in terms of the bias and mean squared error of the change‐point estimators, the GLR drift chart has better performance for a wide range of drift rates relative to the GLR shift chart when the out‐of‐control process is truly a linear drift. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling Uncertainty in Preventive Maintenance Scheduling
Authors: Bell Stuart A. , Percy David F.
Published: May 2012

In this article, we consider the practical implementation of Bayesian methodology in determining the optimal preventive maintenance (PM) interval for a complex repairable system. The behaviour of this system is described using a probabilistic model based on the failure intensity pattern. This model includes a number of unknown parameters, and a Bayesian approach is established to provide information about the joint posterior distribution of these parameters. This posterior information is then incorporated into previously established PM interval scheduling methodology to determine optimal PM intervals within a decision‐theoretic framework. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Balancing Location and Dispersion Effects for Multiple Responses
Authors: Chen Hsiu‐Wen , Xu Hongquan , Wong Weng Kee
Published: May 2012

In robust design studies, location and dispersion effects play different roles, and balancing them when there are multiple responses is an important and challenging task. We propose to use desirability function to simultaneously optimize multiple responses after assigning weights to reflect the relative importance of location and dispersion effects. Our analytical strategy is to plot the solutions obtained from different weights versus the weights and/or some aspects of the solutions versus the weights. These plots provide valuable information that can be useful in choosing one or more compromise solutions to balance the multiple location and dispersion effects. The proposed approach is illustrated using two real problems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ONIOM study of dissociated hydrogen and water on ZnO surface
Authors: Martins João B. L. , Taft Carlton A. , Longo Elson , de Castro Elton A. S. , da Cunha Wiliam F. , Politi José R. S. , Gargano Ricardo
Published: May 2012

ONIOM calculations using CCSD theory have been performed to study the dissociation of hydrogen and water molecules on ZnO surface. Three different cluster models were used to study the influence of ONIOM layer size at the interaction energies and optimized geometries. The geometric results indicate a near tetrahedral geometry for the interaction of zinc and oxygen sites of dissociated water. The interaction energies are larger for the water dissociation. The ONIOM layer size has more influence on the interaction energies when compared with the geometric parameters and mainly for water dissociation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is the donor–acceptor electronegativity a good indicator for the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)?
Authors: Tenorio Francisco J. , Sato‐Berrú Roberto , Saniger José M. , Martínez Ana
Published: May 2012

In this work, we study the interaction of neutral and ionic forms of Ag8 and Au8 with glycine to investigate the role of these interactions in the chemical enhancement (CE) component of the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. It is widely accepted that the charge transfer between metallic nanostructures and molecular species is a key issue in the underlying CE mechanism; consequently under this framework, and supported by the density functional theory, we introduce two recently described parameters, donor (χ−) and acceptor (χ+) electronegativity as useful concepts for the prediction of the charge transfer process and the concomitant CE effect. From this work, it could be inferred that the minimum binding energy (BE) necessary for the CE to take place averages 30 kcal/mol. For the systems we present here, CE is more intense when BE is more negative and this occurs when there is a substantial charge transfer. Thus, as χ− and χ+ represent good parameters for analyzing the charge transfer process, they are also good indicators of the contribution of CE to the SERS effect. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Formation of uniform square‐shaped tunnel pit by electrochemical etching with an opened polyimide layer on aluminum foil
Authors: Park Hwa‐Sun , Lee Chang‐Hyoung , Cho Hyung‐Joon , Kim Tae‐Yoo , Suh Su‐Jeong
Published: May 2012

Uniform tunnel pits are fabricated with equally spaced intervals while avoiding excessive dissolution of an aluminum surface with a polyimide material as a mask layer. To increase the area S of capacitance C, uniform tunnel pits are made selectively to increase the aluminum surface area S into the vertical direction on Al foil. In this article, the relationship between the surface area and the etching tunnel is analyzed through selective electrochemical etching with patterning on aluminum foil, and the controllability of the etching tunnel is also studied. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical damage resulting from 15 keV C60, Ar18 and Ar60 cluster bombardments of solid benzene
Authors: Kennedy Paul E. , Garrison Barbara J.
Published: May 2012

Molecular dynamics simulations of 15 keV normal incidence cluster bombardment of solid benzene with Ar18, Ar60 and C60 were run for 50 ps using a mixed resolution model with the goal of elucidating the differences in chemical damage created in the crystal solid. The chemical damage in the solid for a single trajectory was found to be minor for all three clusters when compared with the total sputter yields; the largest number of damaged molecular benzene equivalents was only 28 ± 3 for Ar18 just two percent of the total sputter yield. All three clusters had relatively the same topography of chemical damage remaining in the crystalline solid. The damage was confined to the near surface region of the crystal with the overwhelming majority of damage confined to the crater created by the cluster impact. The chemical damage was also found to be approximately uniformly and randomly distributed around the crater. These findings demonstrate that for cluster bombardment of a small organic solid similar to molecular benzene, the total chemical damage remaining in the surface and the topography of the damage would be similar for Ar18, Ar60 and C60. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corrosion protection performance of ceria‐copolymer bilayer coating on low nickel stainless steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 medium
Authors: Gopi D. , Saraswathy R. , Athithya G. , Kavitha L. , Bae Jeong‐Heo , Kim Dae–Kyeong
Published: May 2012

In this paper, we have reported the anti‐corrosion performance of ceria / poly (indole‐co‐pyrrole) (Ce/(poly(In‐co‐Py)) bilayer coating on low nickel stainless steel (LN SS). Electrochemical polymerization of (poly (In‐co‐Py)) was achieved on ceria‐coated LN SS (CeO2/LN SS) in acetonitrile medium containing LiClO4 (ACN‐LiClO4) by cyclic voltammetric technique. The coatings were characterized by analytical techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis of X‐ray, respectively. The mechanical behavior of the coatings was studied using peel test, hardness and wear resistance tests. The corrosion defensive performance of this bilayer coating on LN SS was investigated using electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 0.5 M H2SO4. These results show that the bilayer coating on LN SS lowered the permeability of corrosive ions present in the acidic medium and thus acts as a barrier against the attack of corrosive environment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effects of Fabp7 and Fabp5 on Postnatal Hippocampal Neurogenesis in the Mouse
Authors: Matsumata Miho , Sakayori Nobuyuki , Maekawa Motoko , Owada Yuji , Yoshikawa Takeo , Osumi Noriko
Published: May 2012

New neurons are continually produced after birth from neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Recent studies have reported that fatty acid binding protein 7 (Fabp7/brain lipid binding protein (BLBP)) is required for the maintenance of embryonic NSCs/NPCs and have identified an association between the Fabp7 gene and behavioral paradigms that correlate with hippocampal functions. However, the specific roles of Fabps in postnatal neurogenesis remain unknown. Herein, we demonstrate the effects of Fabp7, and another Fabp, Fabp5, on postnatal neurogenesis. Fabp7 and Fabp5 were detected in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the DG, and Fabp7+ cells were less differentiated than Fabp5+ cells. We analyzed the differentiation state of NSCs/NPCs in the SGZ of 4-week-old (4w) Fabp7 knockout (7KO), Fabp5 KO (5KO), and Fabp7/Fabp5 double KO (7/5KO) mice and found that the number of NSCs/NPCs was dramatically reduced compared with wild-type mice. Although the uptake of BrdU 1 day after injection was decreased in all KO mice, the survival of BrdU+ cells 1 month after injection was increased in the 7/5KO mice compared to other three genotypes. We also observed an enhancement of neuronal differentiation in all Fabp KO mice. In addition, the proliferation and survival of NSCs/NPCs differed along the anterior-posterior axis (A-P axis). A greater number of newborn cells in the posterior region became extinct, but this tendency was not apparent in the Fabps KO mice. These data suggest that Fabp7 and Fabp5 have differential roles for proliferation and survival of the NSCs/NPCs during postnatal DG neurogenesis.
Matching Western US electricity consumption with wind and solar resources
Authors: Short Walter , Diakov Victor
Published: May 2012

The variability of wind and solar is perceived as a major obstacle in employing otherwise abundant renewable energy resources. On the basis of the available geographically dispersed data for the Western USA, we analyze to what extent the geographic diversity of these resources can offset their variability. We determine the best match to loads in the western portion of the USA that can be achieved with wind power and photovoltaics (PV) with no transmission limitations.

Without storage and with no curtailment, wind and PV can meet up to 50% of loads in Western USA. It is beneficial to build more wind than PV mostly because the wind contributes at night. When storage is available, the optimal mix has almost 75% as much nominal PV capacity as wind, with the PV energy contribution being 32% of the electricity produced from wind. With only 10 GW of storage (twice the pumped hydro storage capacity that already exists in the Western Electric Coordinating Council), up to 82% of the load can be matched with wind and PV, while in the same time curtailing just 10% of the renewable energy throughout the year. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endoscopic biliary drainage for children with persistent or exacerbated symptoms of choledochal cysts
Authors: Tsuchiya Hironori , Kaneko Kenitiro , Itoh Akihiro , Kawashima Hiroki , Ono Yasuyuki , Tainaka Takahisa , Murase Naruhiko , Ando Hisami
Published: May 2012

Background

Symptoms of choledochal cysts sometimes persist or become exacerbated. As preoperative management for patients with these cysts, we prospectively employed endoscopic drainage, based on the theory that protein plugs cause symptoms by obstructing the pancreatobiliary ducts.

Methods

Children with choledochal cysts underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). When ERCP showed compaction with filling defects in patients with persistent or worsening symptoms (study patients), the placement of a short biliary stent tube was attempted for drainage. The clinical and ERCP findings of the study patients were compared with those of patients who were asymptomatic at ERCP (asymptomatic patients).

Results

There were 13 study patients (median age 2.9 years) and 41 asymptomatic patients (4.7 years) enrolled in the study between August 2005 and February 2011. Study patients more frequently had jaundice and elevated transaminase levels. ERCP showed that all study patients had obstruction or compacted filling defects in the common channel or the narrow segment distal to the cyst. Insertion of a stent tube was successful in 11 patients. Symptoms were relieved soon after biliary drainage. Surgery revealed that the obstructing materials were protein plugs, except in one case, which involved fatty acid calcium stones.

Conclusions

These results support the protein plug theory. Endoscopic short‐tube stenting is adequate and effective as preoperative management.
Dysfonction érectile et diabète : fréquence et profil clinique à partir de 200 observations
Authors: Zakhama W. , Chaabouni A. , Rzouga S. , Chaieb N. , Majdoub A. , Binous M. -Y. , Fodha M.
Published: May 2012

Objectif

la dysfonction érectile (DE) est une des complications les plus fréquentes du diabète mais également une des plus sous-diagnostiquées. Les auteurs rapportent la fréquence et le profil clinique de la DE dans une population de patients diabétiques.

Patients et méthodes

200 patients diabétiques ont été évalués par l’Index international de la fonction érectile 5 (IIEF5) dans sa traduction française.

Résultats

146 patients ont été inclus. Une DE était retrouvée chez 74 patients. Parmi eux, 21,6 % présentaient une forme sévère, 37,8 % une forme modérée et 40,6 % une forme mineure. Les patients présentant une DE étaient significativement plus âgés avec un diabète plus ancien.

Conclusion

la DE est fréquente et souvent sévère au cours du diabète. Le rôle des soignants est majeur pour détecter précocement ces troubles et ainsi mettre en place une prise en charge psychologique et médicamenteuse efficace, du moins lorsque cette dernière est matériellement possible.
X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein mediates neddylation by itself but does not function as a NEDD8–E3 ligase for caspase‐7
Authors: Nagano Taiki , Hashimoto Toshiaki , Nakashima Akio , Kikkawa Ushio , Kamada Shinji
Published: May 2012

XIAP
physically interacts with
NEDD8
by anti‐bait coimmunoprecipitation (
View interaction
)
Dimeric structure of transmembrane domain of amyloid precursor protein in micellar environment
Authors: Nadezhdin Kirill D. , Bocharova Olga V. , Bocharov Eduard V. , Arseniev Alexander S.
Published: May 2012

APPjmtm and APPjmtm
bind by nuclear magnetic resonance (View interaction).
Using decision tree learning to predict the responsiveness of hepatitis C patients to drug treatment
Authors: Kawamura Yoshihiro , Takasaki Shigeru , Mizokami Masashi
Published: May 2012

The recommended treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis C, pegylated interferon α (PEG‐IFN‐α) plus rebavirin (RBV), does not provide a sustained virologic response in all patients, especially those with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1. It is therefore important to predict whether or not a new patient with HCV genotype 1 will be cured by the recommended treatment. We propose a prediction method for a new patient using a decision tree learning model based on SNPs evaluated in a genome‐wide association study. By the decision tree learning for 142 Japanese patients with HCV genotype 1 (78 with null virologic response and 64 with virologic response), we can predict with high probability (93%) whether or not a new patient with HCV will be helped by the recommended treatment.
Perpetual loss and gain: Translation, estrangement and cyclical recurrence of experience based knowledges in public action
Authors: Demszky Alma , Nassehi Armin
Published: May 2012

The “Knowledge and Policy”1 project illuminates several forms of non-standardised knowledge influencing political decision making. Various terms have been employed by the project teams, but in this article we designate “experience based knowledge” as the common denominator of these knowledge forms.

The following article stems from the qualitative synthesis of the country reports of the project. After discussing the problems of defining experience based knowledge we discuss its potentials and limits in policymaking. The analysis emphasises the changing and volatile nature of this knowledge: during translation into policy terms it is transformed almost beyond recognisability. This is not however the end of the process – just the beginning of a new cycle.
Strong-field electrophoresis
Authors: Schnitzer Ory , Yariv Ehud
Published: May 2012

We analyse particle electrophoresis in the thin-double-layer limit for asymptotically large applied electric fields. Specifically, we consider fields scaling as ${\delta }^{\ensuremath{-} 1} $, $\delta ~(\ll \hspace *{-2pt}1)$ being the dimensionless Debye thickness. The dominant advection associated with the intense flow mandates a uniform salt concentration in the electro-neutral bulk. The $O({\delta }^{\ensuremath{-} 1} )$ large tangential fields in the diffuse part of the double layer give rise to a novel ‘surface conduction’ mechanism at moderate zeta potentials, where the Dukhin number is vanishingly small. The ensuing $O(1)$ electric current emerging from the double layer modifies the bulk electric field; the comparable $O(1)$ transverse salt flux, on the other hand, is incompatible with the nil diffusive fluxes at the homogeneous bulk. This contradiction is resolved by identifying the emergence of a diffusive boundary layer of $O({\delta }^{1/ 2} )$ thickness, resembling thermal boundary layers at large-Reynolds-number flows. The modified electric field within the bulk gives rise to an irrotational flow, resembling those in moderate-field electrophoresis. At leading order, the particle electrophoretic velocity is provided by Smoluchowski’s formula, describing linear variation with applied field.
Inhabited Sacristies in Medieval England: the Case of St Mary's, Warwick
Authors: Willoughby James
Published: May 2012

A transcript survives of the oath sworn in 1465 by the lay sacristan of the collegiate church of St Mary at Warwick on the occasion of his taking office. His duties are spelled out in detail, and include the striking requirement that he spend each night in the sacristy for the better security of the treasures. This paper prints the oath and aims to place it in its institutional context. The medieval sacristy at Warwick survives and details of the oath illuminate details of the architecture. Similar first-floor vestries are known elsewhere, and the suggestion is made that some other churches might also have had inhabited sacristies.
A new species of the deepwater shrimp genusLeontocaris(Hippolytidae: Caridea) from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Authors: Cardoso I.A. , Fransen C.H.J.M.
Published: May 2012

The hippolytid genusLeontocarisincludes eight species, all restricted to the deep sea (240–2182 m). Associations with deep sea coralline habitats were reported and are herein confirmed. Three Australian species were recorded at seamounts as were the specimens herein identified asL. smarensissp. nov. These specimens were sampled at the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge (SMAR) by the Mar Eco project during 12 bottom trawls using a Sigsbee trawl. The SMAR is a seamount chain that rises from 4000 m depth, with mountains of 100–200 km wide and 14,000 km length.Leontocaris smarensissp. nov. shows closest affinity toL. larfrom the north-western Atlantic andL. yarramundi, from Australia and New Zealand. It differs fromL. larmainly in: (1) the scaphocerite distolateral tooth reaching the distal margin of the blade while clearly falling short in the latter species; and (2) the mandibular palp possessing three distal setae while setae are absent inL. lar. The new species differs fromL. yarramundiin the number and disposition of dorsal teeth on rostrum and in the absence of an acute posterolateral spine on abdominal somites 4 and 5.
Effect of starvation on condition and growth of juvenile plaice Pleuronectes platessa: nursery habitat quality assessment during the settlement period
Authors: Selleslagh Jonathan , Amara Rachid
Published: May 2012

In order to assess the effect of feeding deprivation on growth and condition of field-caught newly settled juvenile plaice Pleuronectes platessa, a 3 week starvation experiment was conducted and changes in RNA/DNA ratio, Fulton's K condition index and recent otolith growth were measured. Fed ad libitum and starved fish were analysed after 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 14, 16 and 22 days of starvation. In parallel, field newly settled juvenile plaice were collected weekly over the settlement period (between April and May 2005) in the adjacent intertidal zone of the Canche estuary (eastern English Channel, France) and fish performances were estimated. After starvation day 4, Fulton's K condition index and RNA/DNA ratio of juvenile plaice significantly differed between treatments while recent otolith growth differed between treatments after day 9 of the experiment procedure. Results indicate that the three biological parameters are sensitive indices and can be used to accurately assess nutritional condition of wild juvenile fish. Values of 0.32 for RNA/DNA, 0.83 mg. mm−3 for Fulton's K index, and 3.99 µm for recent otolith daily growth were defined as critical threshold values below which juvenile plaice can be classified as ‘starving'. When comparing these experimental values with those from field-caught newly settled juvenile plaice, less than 1% of wild individuals can be classified as ‘starving' whatever the index. Our results suggest that feeding conditions throughout the settlement period on the Canche intertidal nursery ground are favourable to juvenile plaice development and survival, and hence to the recruitment success.
Neuropsychological performance and family history in children at age 7 who develop adult schizophrenia or bipolar psychosis in the New England Family Studies
Authors: Seidman L. J. , Cherkerzian S. , Goldstein J. M. , Agnew-Blais J. , Tsuang M. T. , Buka S. L.
Published: May 2012

Background

Persons developing schizophrenia (SCZ) manifest various pre-morbid neuropsychological deficits, studied most often by measures of IQ. Far less is known about pre-morbid neuropsychological functioning in individuals who later develop bipolar psychoses (BP). We evaluated the specificity and impact of family history (FH) of psychosis on pre-morbid neuropsychological functioning.

Method

We conducted a nested case-control study investigating the associations of neuropsychological data collected systematically at age 7 years for 99 adults with psychotic diagnoses (including 45 SCZ and 35 BP) and 101 controls, drawn from the New England cohort of the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP). A mixed-model approach evaluated full-scale IQ, four neuropsychological factors derived from principal components analysis (PCA), and the profile of 10 intelligence and achievement tests, controlling for maternal education, race and intra-familial correlation. We used a deviant responder approach (<10th percentile) to calculate rates of impairment.

Results

There was a significant linear trend, with the SCZ group performing worst. The profile of childhood deficits for persons with SCZ did not differ significantly from BP. Neuropsychological impairment was identified in 42.2% of SCZ, 22.9% of BP and 7% of controls. The presence of psychosis in first-degree relatives (FH+) significantly increased the severity of childhood impairment for SCZ but not for BP.

Conclusions

Pre-morbid neuropsychological deficits are found in a substantial proportion of children who later develop SCZ, especially in the SCZ FH+ subgroup, but less so in BP, suggesting especially impaired neurodevelopment underlying cognition in pre-SCZ children. Future work should assess genetic and environmental factors that explain this FH effect.
Amygdalar Volume in Borderline Personality Disorder With and Without Comorbid Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Meta-analysis
Authors: de-Almeida Claudia P. , Wenzel Amy , de-Carvalho Camila S. , Powell Vania B. , Araújo-Neto César , Quarantini Lucas C. , de-Oliveira Irismar R.
Published: May 2012

Introduction

Four studies have found a smaller amygdalar volume in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) relative to controls, whereas four other studies have found similar amygdalar volume in BPD patients relative to controls. This study aims to compare amygdalar volumes of BPD patients with controls, and also to compare BPD patients with and without post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with controls in order to determine whether PTSD can explain the heterogeneity of findings.

Method

Systematic review and meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging studies that measured amygdalar volumes in BPD patients and healthy controls.

Findings

A significant reduction of amygdalar volumes in BPD patients was confirmed (p < .001). However, data from the studies that discriminated BPD patients with and without PTSD indicated that amygdalar volumes were significantly smaller in BPD patients without PTSD relative to controls (left: p = .02; right: p = .05), but not in BPD patients with PTSD relative to controls (left: p = .08; right: p = .20).

Conclusion

This meta-analysis suggests that amygdalar volumes are reduced in patients with BPD. This pattern is confirmed in BPD patients without PTSD, but not in BPD patients with PTSD, raising the possibility that reduced amygdalar volume in BPD patients cannot be explained by comorbid PTSD.
Estimated portion sizes in a school-aged population
Authors: Patel Sumaiya , Vyas Avni , Custovic Adnan , Murray Clare S
Published: May 2012

Objective

To produce study-specific portion sizes for 11-year-old children in a population-based birth cohort and to compare these study-specific portion sizes with previously published children's portion sizes, to assess their relevance today.

Design

Two multiple-pass 24 h dietary recalls were taken. The Food Standard Agency's photographic food atlas was used to quantify intakes. Study-specific food portion sizes were calculated for each food group. Portion sizes were calculated for all children and separately for boys and girls. The nutrient intake from the 24 h dietary recalls was analysed using study-specific and published portion sizes for individual participants. Agreement was assessed using Pearson's correlation, intra-class correlation coefficients and the Bland–Altman method.

Setting

Birth cohort study, UK.

Subjects

Children (mean age 11·3 years, n 264) and parents/guardians.

Results

A total of 124 food portion sizes were calculated. Differences in portion weights between boys and girls were seen only for seven food items. There was a significant positive relationship (P < 0·001) between intakes of each nutrient as determined by the two sets of portion sizes. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0·77 (protein) to 0·98 (β-carotene). The intra-class correlation coefficients showed good agreement between nutrient intakes determined by the study-specific and published portion sizes (P < 0·001).

Conclusions

Nutrient intakes calculated using portion sizes from our population were similar to those calculated from portion size data collected in a national survey, despite being collected over a decade later. The present study adds to the small amount of evidence regarding portion sizes in UK children and shows agreement with previously published paediatric portion sizes.
Involvement in home meal preparation is associated with food preference and self-efficacy among Canadian children
Authors: Chu Yen Li , Farmer Anna , Fung Christina , Kuhle Stefan , Storey Kate E , Veugelers Paul J
Published: May 2012

Objective

To examine the association between frequency of assisting with home meal preparation and fruit and vegetable preference and self-efficacy for making healthier food choices among grade 5 children in Alberta, Canada.

Design

A cross-sectional survey design was used. Children were asked how often they helped prepare food at home and rated their preference for twelve fruits and vegetables on a 3-point Likert-type scale. Self-efficacy was measured with six items on a 4-point Likert-type scale asking children their level of confidence in selecting and eating healthy foods at home and at school.

Setting

Schools (n151) located in Alberta, Canada.

Subjects

Grade 5 students (n3398).

Results

A large majority (83–93 %) of the study children reported helping in home meal preparation at least once monthly. Higher frequency of helping prepare and cook food at home was associated with higher fruit and vegetable preference and with higher self-efficacy for selecting and eating healthy foods.

Conclusions

Encouraging children to be more involved in home meal preparation could be an effective health promotion strategy. These findings suggest that the incorporation of activities teaching children how to prepare simple and healthy meals in health promotion programmes could potentially lead to improvement in dietary habits.