bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Universal Coherence of Elements in River‐Fed Earth‐Human Systems
Authors: Wang Yidi , Zhang Qian , Sun Weiling , Shan Yingchun , Wang Ting , Zheng Tong , Gao Yuan , Li Bin , Borthwick Alistair G. L. , Ni Jinren
Published: November 2024

Elements are the indelible imprint left by the Earth on rivers and life entities. Here, we unveil the evident inheritance of persistent elements, from the Earth's upper continental crust, through the Yellow River, to the associated life entities along a 5,200 km continuum of the Mother River of the Chinese nation. In particular, we confirm the coherence of “metal community” composed of more than 60 detected metallic elements throughout water, suspended particulate matter, and sediment in the river, and further extend such elemental correlations to fish species and even the tissues in human body. Our study also reveals an interesting fact that media‐specific metal abundance occurs in a persistent inverse order with metal toxicity, and microbial cells in the river tend to establish their own self‐defense systems against toxic metals through hosting higher‐level resistance genes. These findings not only stress the human needs for integrated trace element provision, but also highlight the fundamental importance of elemental coherence in the river‐coordinated Earth‐life systems for establishing drinking water and dietary standards that benefit ecological and human health.
Validation of Soil Detachment Rate Equations on Spring Thaw Period Slopes: Insights From Sediment Concentration and Transport Capacity
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zhang Chengcheng , Wang Zhidan , Wang Xuan , Sheng Siyuan
Published: December 2024

Soil detachment plays a central role in the formulation of soil erosion models, particularly for the simulation and prediction of erosion in cold climates during the thaw period. This research attempts to elucidate the mechanisms of soil detachment on spring thaw period slopes through comprehensive flume experiments, coupled with the application of rare earth element (REE) tracer, investigating the relationships between soil detachment rates, sediment concentration and sediment transport capacity. Observations indicate a nuanced response of soil detachment rate and sediment concentration to scour duration, characterized by an initial increase, subsequent decrease and eventual equilibrium. As thaw depth increases, the primary source of eroded sediment gradually shifts from the upper slope to the mid‐slope. Soil detachment rate was affected by sediment concentration, flow discharge, slope gradient, thawing depth, and slope positions. Furthermore, our analysis reveals a power function relationship (R2 = 0.846) between soil detachment rate, effective shear stress, and sediment transport rate and capacity. These results provide valuable insights into the modeling and prediction of soil erosion processes on brown soil slopes subjected to spring thaw period cycles.
Cytokine-overexpressing dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Han Joonsu , Wang Hua
Published: December 2024

Dendritic cells (DCs), the main type of antigen-presenting cells in the body, act as key mediators of adaptive immunity by sampling antigens from diseased cells for the subsequent priming of antigen-specific T and B cells. While DCs can secrete a diverse array of cytokines that profoundly shape the immune milieu, exogenous cytokines are often needed to maintain the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of DCs, T cells, and B cells. However, conventional cytokine therapies for cancer treatment are limited by their low therapeutic benefit and severe side effects. The overexpression of cytokines in DCs, followed by paracrine release or membrane display, has emerged as a viable approach for controlling the exposure of cytokines to interacting DCs and T/B cells. This approach can potentially reduce the necessary dose of cytokines and associated side effects to achieve comparable or enhanced antitumor efficacy. Various strategies have been developed to enable the overexpression or chemical conjugation of cytokines on DCs for the subsequent modulation of DC–T/B-cell interactions. This review provides a brief overview of strategies that enable the overexpression of cytokines in or on DCs via genetic engineering or chemical modification methods and discusses the promise of cytokine-overexpressing DCs for the development of new-generation cancer immunotherapy.
A stearate-rich diet and oleate restriction directly inhibit tumor growth via the unfolded protein response
Authors: Ogura Jumpei , Yamanoi Koji , Ishida Kentaro , Nakamura Eijiro , Ito Shinji , Aoyama Naoki , Nakanishi Yuki , Menju Toshi , Kawaguchi Kosuke , Hosoe Yuko , Taki Mana , Murakami Ryusuke , Yamaguchi Ken , Hamanishi Junzo , Mandai Masaki
Published: December 2024

Fatty acids are known to have significant effects on the properties of cancer cells. Therefore, these compounds have been incorporated into therapeutic strategies. However, few studies have examined the effects of individual fatty acids and their interactions in depth. This study analyzed the effects of various fatty acids on cancer cells and revealed that stearic acid, an abundant saturated fatty acid, had a stronger inhibitory effect on cell growth than did palmitic acid, which is also an abundant saturated fatty acid, by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis through the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. Intriguingly, the negative effects of stearate were reduced by the presence of oleate, a different type of abundant fatty acid. We combined a stearate-rich diet with the inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 to explore the impact of diet on tumor growth. This intervention significantly reduced tumor growth in both ovarian cancer models and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), including those with chemotherapy resistance, notably by increasing stearate levels while reducing oleate levels within the tumors. Conversely, the negative effects of a stearate-rich diet were mitigated by an oleate-rich diet. This study revealed that dietary stearate can directly inhibit tumor growth through mechanisms involving DNA damage and apoptosis mediated by the UPR pathway. These results suggest that dietary interventions, which increase stearic acid levels while decreasing oleic acid levels, may be promising therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. These results could lead to the development of new cancer treatment strategies.
ErbB4 precludes the occurrence of PTSD-like fear responses by supporting the bimodal activity of the central amygdala
Authors: Sung Kibong , Jeong Min-Jae , Yoo Taesik , Jung Jung Hoon , Kang Sumin , Yoo Jong-Yeon , Kim Hyun Jin , Park Kyunghyun , Pyo Jung Hyun , Lee Hyun-Yong , Koo Noah , Choi Soo-Hee , Kim Joung-Hun
Published: December 2024

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often arises after exposure to traumatic events and is characterized by dysregulated fear responses. Although the associations of erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ErbB4) with various neuropsychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, have been widely examined, the physiological roles of ErbB4 in PTSD and fear responses remain unclear. Using Cre-dependent ErbB4 knockout (KO) mice, we observed that PTSD-like fear behaviors emerged in ErbB4-deficient mice, particularly in inhibitory neurons. Specifically, the loss of ErbB4 in somatostatin-expressing (SST+) neurons was sufficient to induce PTSD-like fear responses. We also adopted the CRISPR/Cas9 system for region-specific KO of ErbB4, which revealed that ErbB4 deletion in SST+ neurons of the lateral division of the amygdala (CeL) caused elevated anxiety and PTSD-like fear generalization. Consistent with its physiological role, ErbB4 expression was diminished in CeLSST neurons from mice that exhibited PTSD-like phenotypes. While fear On and Off cells identified in the CeL displayed distinct responses to conditioned and novel cues, as previously shown, the selectivity of those On and Off cells was compromised in SSTErbB4-/- and stressed mice, which displayed strong fear generalization. Therefore, the bimodal activity that CeL On/Off cells display is likely required for proper discrimination of fearful stimuli from ambient stimuli, which should be sustained by the presence of ErbB4. Taken together, our data substantiate the correlation between PTSD-like fear responses and ErbB4 expression in CeLSST neurons and further underscore the functional effects of ErbB4 in CeLSST neurons, supporting the bimodal responses of CeL neurons.
SurVIndel2: improving copy number variant calling from next-generation sequencing using hidden split reads
Authors: Rajaby Ramesh , Sung Wing-Kin
Published: December 2024

Deletions and tandem duplications (commonly called CNVs) represent the majority of structural variations in a human genome. They can be identified using short reads, but because they frequently occur in repetitive regions, existing methods fail to detect most of them. This is because CNVs in repetitive regions often do not produce the evidence needed by existing short reads-based callers (split reads, discordant pairs or read depth change). Here, we introduce a new CNV short reads-based caller named SurVIndel2. SurVindel2 builds on statistical techniques we previously developed, but also employs a novel type of evidence, hidden split reads, that can uncover many CNVs missed by existing algorithms. We use public benchmarks to show that SurVIndel2 outperforms other popular callers, both on human and non-human datasets. Then, we demonstrate the practical utility of the method by generating a catalogue of CNVs for the 1000 Genomes Project that contains hundreds of thousands of CNVs missing from the most recent public catalogue. We also show that SurVIndel2 is able to complement small indels predicted by Google DeepVariant, and the two software used in tandem produce a remarkably complete catalogue of variants in an individual. Finally, we characterise how the limitations of current sequencing technologies contribute significantly to the missing CNVs.
Image-guided optogenetic spatiotemporal tissue patterning using μPatternScope
Authors: Kumar Sant , Beyer Hannes M. , Chen Mingzhe , Zurbriggen Matias D. , Khammash Mustafa
Published: December 2024

In the field of tissue engineering, achieving precise spatiotemporal control over engineered cells is critical for sculpting functional 2D cell cultures into intricate morphological shapes. In this study, we engineer light-responsive mammalian cells and target them with dynamic light patterns to realize 2D cell culture patterning control. To achieve this, we developedμPatternScope (μPS), a modular framework for software-controlled projection of high-resolution light patterns onto microscope samples.μPS comprises hardware and software suite governing pattern projection and microscope maneuvers. Together with a 2D culture of the engineered cells, we utilizeμPS for controlled spatiotemporal induction of apoptosis to generate desired 2D shapes. Furthermore, we introduce interactive closed-loop patterning, enabling a dynamic feedback mechanism between the measured cell culture patterns and the light illumination profiles to achieve the desired target patterning trends. Our work offers innovative tools for advanced tissue engineering applications through seamless fusion of optogenetics, optical engineering, and cybernetics.
Mechanisms of life cycle simplification in African trypanosomes
Authors: Oldrieve Guy R. , Venter Frank , Cayla Mathieu , Verney Mylène , Hébert Laurent , Geerts Manon , Van Reet Nick , Matthews Keith R.
Published: December 2024

African trypanosomes are important parasites in sub-Saharan Africa that undergo a quorum-sensing dependent development to morphologically ‘stumpy forms’ in mammalian hosts to favour transmission by tsetse flies. However, some trypanosome clades have simplified their lifecycle by escaping dependence on tsetse allowing an expanded geographic range, with direct transmission between hosts achieved via blood-feeding biting flies and vampire bats (Trypanosoma brucei evansi, causing ‘surra’) or through sexual transmission (Trypanosoma brucei equiperdum, causing ‘dourine’). Concomitantly, stumpy formation is reduced and the isolates are described as monomorphic, with infections spread widely in Africa, Asia, South America and parts of Europe. Here, using genomic analysis of distinct field isolates, we identify molecular changes that accompany the loss of the stumpy formation in monomorphic clades. Using CRISPR-mediated allelic replacement, mutations in two exemplar genes (Tb927.2.4020; Tb927.5.2580) are confirmed to reduce stumpy formation whereas another (Tb927.11.3400) is implicated in altered motility. Using laboratory selection we identify downregulation of RNA regulators as important in the initial development of monomorphism. This identifies a trajectory of events that simplify the life cycle in emergent and established monomorphic trypanosomes, with impact on disease spread, vector control strategies, geographical range and virulence.
Diverting glial glycolytic flux towards neurons is a memory-relevant role of Drosophila CRH-like signalling
Authors: Francés Raquel , Rabah Yasmine , Preat Thomas , Plaçais Pierre-Yves
Published: December 2024

An essential role of glial cells is to comply with the large and fluctuating energy needs of neurons. Metabolic adaptation is integral to the acute stress response, suggesting that glial cells could be major, yet overlooked, targets of stress hormones. Here we show that Dh44 neuropeptide, Drosophila homologue of mammalian corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), acts as an experience-dependent metabolic switch for glycolytic output in glia. Dh44 released by dopamine neurons limits glial fatty acid synthesis and build-up of lipid stores. Although basally active, this hormonal axis is acutely stimulated following learning of a danger-predictive cue. This results in transient suppression of glial anabolic use of pyruvate, sparing it for memory-relevant energy supply to neurons. Diverting pyruvate destination may dampen the need to upregulate glial glycolysis in response to increased neuronal demand. Although beneficial for the energy efficiency of memory formation, this mechanism reveals an ongoing competition between neuronal fuelling and glial anabolism.
Microstructure analysis on complex surfaces enables digital quality control of metal parts
Authors: Zhu Chenyang , Seita Matteo
Published: December 2024

Critical to the growth of digital manufacturing is the development of rapid yet accurate quality control technologies to assess the microstructure of each metal part produced. Typical surface analysis methods are limited in measurement throughput and impose constraints on maximum area size and surface quality, which enforce the tedious practice of extracting and preparing flat, small-scale samples for microstructure analysis. Here, we propose a new approach based on directional reflectance microscopy (DRM) which can yield part-scale microstructure information nondestructively and on curved, complex surfaces. We demonstrate our approach on the airfoil of a turbine blade and carry out a rigorous error analysis using other samples with variable surface geometry. Our results highlight the potential for part-specific quality control in the context of digital manufacturing.
Single and multi-objective real-time optimisation of an industrial injection moulding process via a Bayesian adaptive design of experiment approach
Authors: Kariminejad Mandana , Tormey David , Ryan Caitríona , O’Hara Christopher , Weinert Albert , McAfee Marion
Published: November 2024

Minimising cycle time without inducing quality defects is a major challenge in injection moulding (IM). Design of Experiment methods (DoE) have been widely studied for optimisation of injection moulding, however existing methods have limitations, including the need for a large number of experiments within a pre-determined search space. Bayesian adaptive design of experiment (ADoE) is an iterative process where the results of the previous experiments are used to make an informed selection for the next design. In this study, an experimental ADoE approach based on Bayesian optimisation was developed for injection moulding using process and sensor data to optimise the quality and cycle time in real-time. A novel approach for the real-time characterisation of post-production shrinkage was introduced, utilising in-mould sensor data on temperature differential during part cooling. This characterisation approach was verified by post-production metrology results. A single and multi-objective optimisation of the cycle time and temperature differential ($$\Delta T$$) in an injection moulded component is proposed. The multi-objective optimisation techniques, composite desirability function and Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model, are compared with the real-time novel ADoE approach. ADoE achieved almost a 50$$\%$$ reduction in the number of experiments required for the single optimisation of $$\Delta T$$, and an almost 30$$\%$$ decrease for the optimisation of $$\Delta T$$ and cycle time together compared to composite desirability function and NSGA-II. The optimal settings identified by ADoE for multiobjective optimisation were similar to the selected Pareto optimal solution found by NSGA-II.
The effect of cardiac phase on distractor suppression and motor inhibition in a stop-signal task
Authors: Marshall Amanda C. , Ren Qiaoyue , Enk Lioba , Liu Junhui , Schütz-Bosbach Simone
Published: December 2024

Past work has shown that stimuli timed to the cardiac systole, the time at which heartbeat feedback is transmitted to the brain, can be more effectively selected from conflicting information. Here, we investigated how the temporal alignment of distracting information to different phases of the cardiac cycle impacts inhibitory performance on a stop-signal task. While participants received the go-cue and anticipated a potential stop-signal, we presented several moving dots on the screen. The dots’ change of movement direction was timed to occur 290 ms posterior to the R-peak (for cardiac systole) or right at the R-peak (for cardiac diastole) of in-time ECG recordings. In a third control condition, no distracting dots were shown. Behavioural results found participants were significantly better at inhibiting their motor response in systole relative to diastole distractor trials. Electrophysiological evidence found reduced P2 amplitudes for viewing the distractors and enhanced N2 amplitudes to the subsequent stop-signal in systole relative to diastole distractor trials. This indicated that systole bound distractors were suppressed more effectively than diastole bound ones which led to enhanced motor inhibition. Our results indicate that the brain shows greater visual selection efficiency for distracting information co-occurring with cardiac systole which has implications for enhanced motor processing at later stages of the trial sequence.
TAp73 and ΔTAp73 isoforms show cell-type specific distributions and alterations in cancer
Authors: Hrabal Vaclav , Stenckova Michaela , Zavadil Kokas Filip , Muller Petr , Nenutil Rudolf , Vojtesek Borivoj , Coates Philip J.
Published: December 2024

TP73 is a member of the TP53 gene family and produces N- and C-terminal protein isoforms through alternative promoters, alternative translation initiation and alternative splicing. Most notably, p73 protein isoforms may either contain a p53-like transactivation domain (TAp73 isoforms) or lack this domain (ΔTAp73 isoforms) and these variants have opposing or independent functions. To date, there is a lack of well-characterised isoform-specific p73 antibodies. Here, we produced polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to N-terminal p73 variants and the C-terminal p73α isoform, the most common variant in human tissues. These reagents show that TAp73 is a marker of multiciliated epithelial cells, while ΔTAp73 is a marker of non-proliferative basal/reserve cells in squamous epithelium. We were unable to detect ΔNp73 variant proteins, in keeping with recent data that this is a minor form in human tissues. Most cervical squamous cell carcinomas (79%) express p73α, and the distribution of staining in basal cells correlated with lower tumour grade. TAp73 was found in 17% of these tumours, with a random distribution and no association with clinicopathological features. These data indicate roles for ΔTAp73 in maintaining a non-proliferative state of undifferentiated squamous epithelial cells and for TAp73 in the production of differentiated multiciliated cells.
Automated in-situ monitoring of accelerated crystallization processes of nifedipine using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Authors: Heidrich Lara , Wiener Julian , Castro-Camus Enrique , Koch Martin , Ornik Jan
Published: December 2024

We developed and tested an automated measurement platform which can fit multiple samples for their investigation in transmission mode using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The temperature inside the platform can be varied to simulate different storage conditions of the samples, in our case, pharmaceuticals. As a proof-of-concept, the setup was successfully tested to monitor the crystallization process of amorphous nifedipine, as a model drug, at 24 °C, 30 °C and 35 °C for over 144 h. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to follow the crystallization of nifedipine with quasi-continuous measurements over a time frame of several days. The influence of the storage temperature on the crystallization rate was monitored including the appearance of polymorphic intermediate states of nifedipine throughout the process. The platform developed in combination with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is a helpful tool for deepening the understanding of the crystallization behavior of amorphous and polymorphic materials and can be, for example, of great importance for the development of novel amorphous pharmaceutical formulations.
Predictability of tropical Pacific decadal variability is dominated by oceanic Rossby waves
Authors: Wu Xian , Yeager Stephen G. , Deser Clara , Capotondi Antonietta , Wittenberg Andrew T. , McPhaden Michael J.
Published: November 2024

Despite its pronounced global impacts, tropical Pacific decadal variability (TPDV) is poorly predicted by current climate models due to model deficiencies and a limited understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Using observational data and a hierarchy of model simulations including decadal hindcasts, we find that decadal isopycnal depth variability driven by oceanic Rossby waves in the tropical Pacific provides the most important source of predictability for TPDV. The predictability arising from initial isopycnal depth conditions is further amplified by tropical ocean-atmosphere coupling and variations in the strength of subtropical cells in the Pacific throughout the decadal forecasts. Regional initialization experiments that effectively isolate the impact of different ocean basins on TPDV predictability highlight the essential role of the tropical Pacific. This study enhances our understanding of the mechanisms governing TPDV predictability, offering crucial insights for improving the accuracy of decadal predictions.
Observation of E-cadherin adherens junction dynamics with metal-induced energy transfer imaging and spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Tao , Karedla Narain , Enderlein Jörg
Published: November 2024

Epithelial cadherin (E-cad) mediated cell-cell junctions play a crucial role in the establishment and maintenance of tissues and organs. In this study, we employed metal-induced energy transfer imaging and spectroscopy to investigate variations in intermembrane distance during adhesion between two model membranes adorned with E-cad. By correlating the measured intermembrane distances with the distinct E-cad junction states, we probed the dynamic behavior and diversity of E-cad junctions across different binding pathways. Our observations led to the identification of a transient intermediate state referred to as the X-dimeric state and enabled a detailed analysis of its kinetics. We discovered that the formation of the X-dimer leads to significant membrane displacement, subsequently impacting the formation of other X-dimers. These direct experimental insights into the subtle dynamics of E-cad-modified membranes and the resultant changes in intermembrane distance provide perspectives on the assembly of E-cad junctions between cells. This knowledge enhances our comprehension of tissue and organ development and may serve as a foundation for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for diseases linked to cell-cell adhesion abnormalities.
Promoting sustainable cities through creating social empathy between new urban populations and planners
Authors: Szaboova Lucy , Adger W. Neil , Safra de Campos Ricardo , Siddiqui Tasneem , Alam Bhuiyan Mohammad Rashed , Billah Tamim , Rocky Mahmudol Hasan
Published: November 2024

New migrant populations in rapidly growing cities globally are often socially and politically marginalized, limiting their potential to contribute to the positive transformation of urban futures. Such marginalisation can potentially be overcome through deliberate efforts to build empathy between groups. Here we apply insights on empathic action to planning processes with the aim of diversifying planning processes to provide plural perspectives on risk and sustainability and giving marginalised groups opportunities to shape key decisions. We report on action research to examine whether empathic connection between urban planners and new migrant populations leads to processes that enhance and integrate new voices and perspectives. The intervention involved photo-elicitation interviews, focus groups and perspective exchange workshops over eighteen months of intensive engagement in Chattogram, Bangladesh. The findings demonstrate that empathy for diverse social groups has practical implications for sustainability where individuals have agency and feel empowered to enhance each other’s wellbeing.
Rhythmic astrocytic GABA production synchronizes neuronal circadian timekeeping in the suprachiasmatic nucleus
Authors: Ness Natalie , Díaz-Clavero Sandra , Hoekstra Marieke M B , Brancaccio Marco
Published: December 2024

Astrocytes of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) can regulate sleep-wake cycles in mammals. However, the nature of the information provided by astrocytes to control circadian patterns of behavior is unclear. Neuronal circadian activity across the SCN is organized into spatiotemporal waves that govern seasonal adaptations and timely engagement of behavioral outputs. Here, we show that astrocytes across the mouse SCN exhibit instead a highly uniform, pulse-like nighttime activity. We find that rhythmic astrocytic GABA production via polyamine degradation provides an inhibitory nighttime tone required for SCN circuit synchrony, thereby acting as an internal astrocyte zeitgeber (or “astrozeit”). We further identify synaptic GABA and astrocytic GABA as two key players underpinning coherent spatiotemporal circadian patterns of SCN neuronal activity. In describing a new mechanism by which astrocytes contribute to circadian timekeeping, our work provides a general blueprint for understanding how astrocytes encode temporal information underlying complex behaviors in mammals.
Separation and preparation of nanoparticles of urban dust for biological studies
Authors: Ivaneev Alexandr I. , Ermolin Mikhail S. , Zinovkin Roman A. , Dashkevich Anna A. , Zinovkina Ludmila A. , Chernyak Boris V. , Fedotov Petr S.
Published: December 2024

Hazardous effects of urban dust NPs on public health remain largerly unexplored. In the present work, the methodology for the separation and preparation of dust NPs for biological assays is developed.
Biotin functionalization of 8-hydroxyquinoline anticancer organometallics: low in vivo toxicity but potent in vitro activity
Authors: Steel Tasha R. , Stjärnhage Julia , Lin Zexiong , Bloomfield Hugh O. , Herbert Caitlin D. , Astin Jonathan W. , Krawczyk Krzysztof , Rychlik Błażej , Plażuk Damian , Jamieson Stephen M. F. , Hartinger Christian G.
Published: December 2024

Piano-stool complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline were decorated with biotin for improved tumor cell delivery by substituting the chlorido co-ligand. The biotinylated Rh derivative was most potent while displaying low toxicity toward zebrafish embryos.
Sulfonated reduced graphene oxide encapsulated perovskite-type ErCoFe oxide nanoparticles for efficient electrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Aligholivand Mehri , Shaghaghi Zohreh
Published: December 2024

Tuning the Fe and Co content in ErBO3−δ (B = Co and Fe) perovskites and their appropriate loading onto the S-rGO substrate can open new avenues for enhancing perovskite-based modified electrodes for efficient water splitting.
Interactions of perrhenate (ReO4−) and pertechnetate (TcO4−) with the uranyl ion (UO22+) in acetonitrile solution: spectroscopy and theoretical calculations
Authors: Liu Haiwang , Wei Shiru , Cheng Xinwei , Xu Chao , Hu Hanshi , Sun Taoxiang
Published: December 2024

Perrhenate and pertechnetate anions were inner-sphere coordinated with the uranyl ion in organic solutions to form complexes.
Atomic layer deposition of Sn-doped germanium diselenide for an As-free Ovonic threshold switch with low off-current
Authors: Park Byongwoo , Jeon Jeong Woo , Kim Woohyun , Choi Wonho , Jeon Gwang Sik , Jeon Sangmin , Kim Sungjin , Yoo Chanyoung , Lim Junyoung , Sung Yonghun , Ahn David , Hwang Cheol Seong
Published: December 2024

Ternary diagram of Sn-doped GeSe2, which was obtained by atomic layer deposition, showing a vertical device schematic and its DC and AC electrical characteristics.
Long term outdoor performance evaluation of printed semitransparent organic photovoltaic modules for BIPV/BAPV applications
Authors: Feroze Sarmad , Distler Andreas , Dong Lirong , Wagner Michael , Channa Iftikhar Ahmed , Hoga Felix , Brabec Christoph J. , Egelhaaf Hans-Joachim
Published: December 2024

Outdoor monitoring of Roll-to-Roll (R2R) printed flexible organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules for building integrated/attached photovoltaics (BIPV/BAPV) applications.
Symbiotic reactions over a high-entropy alloy catalyst enable ultrahigh-voltage Li–CO2 batteries
Authors: Chen Tao , Cai Junfei , Wang Hangchao , Gao Chuan , Yuan Chonglin , Zhang Kun , Yu Yue , Xiao Wukun , Luo Tie , Xia Dingguo
Published: December 2024

The Li–CO2 battery with ultra-high discharge voltage and low overpotential is realized by using the high entropy alloy catalyst to realize the symbiotic reaction.
Association between fatty acids and female infertility: dual evidence from a cross-sectional study and Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Yang Qiaorui , Tao Jing , Jia Shengxiao , Fan Zhenliang
Published: December 2024

Excessive intake of omega-6 PUFAs and MUFAs in women is associated with an increased risk of infertility, while omega-3 PUFAs serve as a protective factor for fertility.
Vacuum degree detection performance improvement of vacuum switches based on NELIBS
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Ding Xiaokang , Zhang Feilong , Yuan Huan , Wang Xiaohua , Yang Aijun , Chu Jifeng , Rong Mingzhe
Published: November 2024

We aimed to investigate the enhancement effects of silver nanoparticles on signals under low-pressure. By analyzing spectral data, plasma images, and radiation integral intensity, we seek to improve the accuracy of vacuum level measurements.
A novel water-soluble polymer nanocomposite containing ultra-small Fe3O4 nanoparticles with strong antibacterial and antibiofilm activity
Authors: Prozorova Galina , Emel'yanov Artem , Ivanova Anastasiya , Semenova Tatyana , Fadeeva Tat'yana , Nevezhina Anna , Korzhova Svetlana , Pozdnyakov Alexander
Published: December 2024

A novel water-soluble polymer nanocomposite with ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticles intercalated into a biocompatible matrix of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer exhibits pronounced antibacterial and antibiofilm activity.
Nonlinear optics of graphitic carbon allotropes: from 0D to 3D
Authors: Tan Zhengyang , Dong Jiakai , Liu Yang , Luo Qi , Li Zhengyang , Yun Tiantian , Jiang Tao , Cheng Xinbin , Huang Di
Published: December 2024

The dimensionality of materials fundamentally influences their electronic and optical properties, presenting a complex interplay with nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics that remains largely unexplored.
Advances in simulating dilute alloy nanoparticles for catalysis
Authors: El Berch John N. , Salem Maya , Mpourmpakis Giannis
Published: December 2024

Dilute and single-atom alloy catalysts have attracted tremendous attention in heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we discuss recent progress on simulating their stability and catalytic behavior.
Tunable magnetic and electronic properties of CrS2/VS2 lateral superlattices
Authors: Gao Huimin , Fang Yimei , Zhou Yinghui , Zheng Feng , Lü Tie-Yu , Cao Xinrui , Zhu Zi-zhong , Wu Shunqing
Published: December 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) lateral heterostructures and superlattices, especially those based on transition metal dichalcogenides, boast exceptional properties for electronics, optoelectronics, and photovoltaics.
A non-enzymatic dual sensing approach for the detection of cholesterol in real samples using silk fiber functionalized phosphorene quantum dots
Authors: Sultana Nasrin , Andagonde Shreyash Vijay , Chakraborty Ratul , Bala Asis , Sen Sarma Neelotpal
Published: December 2024

Reliable point-of-care (POC) detection of the specific biomarkers responsible for different diseases is crucial for health monitoring.
Computational evaluation of the oxidation of superoxide to molecular dioxygen mediated by NNNN-tetradentate copper complexes
Authors: Montoya-Moreno Nicolás , Seijas Luis E. , Flores-Gaspar Areli , Torres F. Javier , Alí-Torres Jorge
Published: December 2024

NNNN-tetradentate copper complexes can mimic the superoxide dismutase action towards the reduction of oxidative stress.
Bimetallic copper- and nickel-rich Cu–Ni phyllosilicate catalysts for the liquid phase selective hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol
Authors: Shoosri Tanyarat , Chotiwilaiwan Pisacha , Rattanapornchaiwat Tanisorn , Teerawatananond Thapong , Miyake Takanori , Panpranot Joongjai , Weerachawanasak Patcharaporn
Published: December 2024

Bimetallic Cu–Ni phyllosilicates (Cu–NiPS) with various Ni/Cu ratios (5 : 15, 10 : 10, 15 : 5 wt%) were synthesized using ammonia evaporation hydrothermal method to obtain copper-rich or nickel-rich Cu–Ni alloys.
Collective total synthesis of chartreusin derivatives and bioactivity investigations
Authors: Yi Hong-Zhou , Liang Shu-Min , Li Jing-Jing , Liu Hui , Liao Jin-Xi , Liu De-Yong , Zhang Qing-Ju , Cai Ming-Zhong , Sun Jian-Song
Published: December 2024

A chemical synthetic strategy toward chartreusin derivatives has been established for the first time, facilitating detailed bioactivity investigations.
Spatially confined transition metals boost high initial coulombic efficiency in alloy anodes
Authors: Fu Haoyu , Gu Fangchao , Niu Yize , Liao Shuxuan , Bu Zeyuan , Wang Haonan , Yang Dong , Wang Xiaoshan , Li Qiang
Published: December 2024

The NiO/SnO2 hybrid interface generates Ni nanoparticles within multilayers, catalyzing Li2O decomposition and suppressing Sn or Li2O particle coarsening, thus enhancing reaction kinetics to achieve ultra-high ICE, capacity and long cycling.
A diazirine's central carbon is sp2-hybridized, facilitating conjugation to dye molecules
Authors: Michelini Lorenzo , Slaney Tanya , Virk Seerat , Rafic Estefanía , Qie L. Charlie , Corejova Klara , Lepage Mathieu L. , Musolino Stefania F. , Oliver Allen G. , Etchenique Roberto , Hong W. David , DiLabio Gino A. , Wulff Jeremy E.
Published: December 2024

A fluorene-conjugated diazirine is described, for which two-photon activation is demonstrated for the first time.
Strain-release enables access to carbonyl conjugated allylic diborons and alkenyl boronates having multiple contiguous stereocenters in a one-pot process
Authors: Vyas Het , Gangani Ashvin J. , Mini Aiswarya , Pathil Melissa , Ruth Austin , Sharma Abhishek
Published: December 2024

A strain-release promoted cycloaddition opens-up access to carbonyl conjugated allylic diborons and borylated homoallylic alcohols, β-spiro lactones and γ-butyrolactones having adjacent quaternary, tertiary and secondary stereocenters.
Breakage of the dense structure of coal precursors increases the plateau capacity of hard carbon for sodium storage
Authors: Qian Wen-Yu , Zhou Xin-Yang , Liu Xin-Yao , Su Meng-Yuan , Zhang Kai-Yang , Wu Xing-Long
Published: December 2024

We propose a method of Zn2(OH)2CO3 assisted ball milling combined with subsequent carbonization to generate closed pores in coal derived hard carbon, leading to a high capacity of 325.3 mA h g−1 (plateau capacity accounting for 45.1%).
A dual experimental–theoretical perspective on ESPT photoacids and their challenges ahead
Authors: Sülzner Niklas , Jung Gregor , Nuernberger Patrick
Published: December 2024

50 years after Th. Förster, 5 years after D. Huppert and M. Eigen: proton transfer as one of the best studied chemical reactions is still under debate and paves the way for new developments in physical and theoretical chemistry.
Ultrahigh yields of giant vesicles obtained through mesophase evolution and breakup
Authors: Cooper Alexis , Subramaniam Anand Bala
Published: December 2024

We report the discovery of a novel mechanism for the assembly of giant unilamellar vesicles, where fluid shear-induced fragmentation of a foam-like lamellar lipid mesophase occurs in lipid mixtures containing 3 mol% PEG2000-DSPE.
Design of nanofiber-based electrodes for solid oxide electrochemical cells with high performance and stability
Authors: Han Seungwoo , Yoo Hyun Sik , Lee Wonyoung
Published: December 2024

We demonstrated a La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−d (LSC) nanofiber-based electrode for solid oxide electrochemical cells operating at intermediate temperatures.
A multi-modal deformation sensing hydrogel with a nerve-inspired highly anisotropic structure
Authors: Zhang Qiuyun , Chen Yujie , Li Sijia , Wu Yuxuan , Yang Xichen , Guo Yutong , Liu Hezhou
Published: December 2024

A hydrogel with a multi-layer sandwich structure consisting of oriented fibers–pores–fibers was developed, and exhibits rare three-dimensional signal recognition ability.
Flexible trilayer cellulosic paper separators engineered with the BaTiO3 ferroelectric fillers for high energy density sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Sapra Simranjot K. , Das Mononita , Raja M. Wasim , Chang Jeng-Kuei , Dhaka Rajendra S.
Published: December 2024

Development of sustainable and flexible trilayer cellulose-based composite separator membranes for full cell systems in sodium-ion batteries.
Recyclable HF-free Ti3C2Tx 3D-printed supercapacitors: their second life in sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Kalleshappa Bindu , Pumera Martin
Published: December 2024

Sodium lactate and conductive carbon are recycled to utilize them as electrolytes of supercapacitors and conductive additives of sodium-ion batteries, respectively.
Synthesis of a novel DOPO-based ionic liquid flame retardant and its application in epoxy resin
Authors: Zhang Jinzhuo , Liang Jiaming , Long Jiapeng , Liang Bing
Published: December 2024

In contrast to conventional flame retardants, this study presents the development of a reactive flame retardant that significantly enhances both flame resistance and mechanical properties.
Self-healing, adhesive liquid metal hydrogels based on PNIPAM microgels for high-performance temperature and strain sensors
Authors: He Xiaoyan , Ma Penggai , Ma Shuo , Cao Runze , Tian Xin , Liang Yanling , Li Jing , Lu Yuanyuan , Wang Zhiqiang , Lu Xiaoquan
Published: November 2024

Self-healing, adhesive liquid metal hydrogels based on PNIPAM microgels for high-performance temperature and strain sensors.
Speech in Ten-Minute Sessions: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of the Chaining SPLITS Service Delivery Model
Authors: Herbst Benedette M. , Beiting Molly , Schultheiss Martine , Benway Nina R. , Preston Jonathan L.
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

This study evaluates the initial efficacy of Chaining SPeech Lessons in Intensive Ten-minute Sessions (SPLITS), an alternative service delivery model for the Speech Motor Chaining treatment approach. We hypothesized that Chaining SPLITS would result in improvements in /ɹ/ accuracy on syllables and untrained words when compared to a no-treatment condition.

Method:

Within a randomized controlled trial, thirteen 7–9-year-old children with difficulty producing /ɹ/ were randomized to receive treatment either immediately or after an 8-week delay. Treatment sessions were conducted 4 times a week over 8 weeks. Syllable and word-level recordings were collected at the baseline, 8-week, and 16-week time points. Recordings were rated along a 5-point scale by three masked, independent listeners. The primary outcome was changed score from the baseline to 8-week time point (Interval 1) and 8-week to 16-week time point (Interval 2).

Results:

Linear mixed modeling revealed that Chaining SPLITS led to significantly greater improvement in /ɹ/ accuracy at the syllable level for active treatment compared to a period of no treatment. This improvement was replicated in both groups. There was not sufficient evidence of an effect of Chaining SPLITS on untrained words after 8 weeks of treatment.

Conclusions:

The current study provides initial evidence of the effectiveness of 8 weeks of Chaining SPLITS on improvement in /ɹ/ accuracy in syllables. Short, frequent sessions may be a viable approach to promote acquisition of /ɹ/ among school-age children; however, longer courses of treatment may be needed to observe further improvement at the word level.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27868800
ZTF SN Ia DR2: Overview
Authors: Rigault M. , Smith M. , Goobar A. , Maguire K. , Dimitriadis G. , Johansson J. , Nordin J. , Burgaz U. , Dhawan S. , Sollerman J. , Regnault N. , Kowalski M. , Nugent P. , Andreoni I. , Amenouche M. , Aubert M. , Barjou-Delayre C. , Bautista J. , Bellm E. , Betoule M. , Bloom J. S. , Carreres B. , Chen T. X. , Copin Y. , Deckers M. , de Jaeger T. , Feinstein F. , Fouchez D. , Fremling C. , Galbany L. , Ginolin M. , Graham M. , Groom S. L. , Harvey L. , Kasliwal M. M. , Kenworthy W. D. , Kim Y.-L. , Kuhn D. , Kulkarni S. R. , Lacroix L. , Laher R. R. , Masci F. J. , Müller-Bravo T. E. , Miller A. , Osman M. , Perley D. , Popovic B. , Purdum J. , Qin Y.-J. , Racine B. , Reusch S. , Riddle R. , Rosnet P. , Rosselli D. , Ruppin F. , Senzel R. , Rusholme B. , Schweyer T. , Terwel J. H. , Townsend A. , Tzanidakis A. , Wold A. , Yan L.
Published: December 2024

We present the first homogeneous release of several thousand spectroscopically classified type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) with spectroscopic redshifts. This release, named “DR2”, contains 3628 nearby (z < 0.3) SNe Ia discovered, followed, and classified by the Zwicky Transient Facility survey between March 2018 and December 2020. Of these, 3000 have good-to-excellent sampling and 2667 pass standard cosmology light curve quality cuts. This release is thus the largest SN Ia release to date, increasing by an order of magnitude the number of well-characterized low-redshift objects. With DR2, we also provide a volume-limited (z < 0.06) sample of nearly a thousand SNe Ia. With such a large, homogeneous, and well-controlled dataset, we are studying key current questions on SN cosmology, such as the linearity SNe Ia standardization, the SN and host dependencies, the diversity of the SN Ia population, and the accuracy of current light curve modeling. These, and more, are studied in detail in a series of articles associated with this release. Alongside the SN Ia parameters, we publish our forced-photometry gri-band light curves, 5138 spectra, local and global host properties, observing logs, and a Python tool to facilitate the use and access of these data. The photometric accuracy of DR2 is not yet suited for cosmological parameter inference, which will follow as the “DR2.5” release. We nonetheless demonstrate that our Hubble diagram of several thousands of SNe Ia has a typical 0.15 mag scatter.
Comprehensive analysis of the Apertif fast radio burst sample
Authors: Pastor-Marazuela Inés , van Leeuwen Joeri , Bilous Anna , Connor Liam , Maan Yogesh , Oostrum Leon , Petroff Emily , Vohl Dany , Hess Kelley M. , Orrù Emanuela , Sclocco Alessio , Wang Yuyang
Published: December 2024

Understanding the origin of energetic fast radio bursts (FRBs) has become the main science driver of recent dedicated FRB surveys powered by real-time instrumentation. Between July 2019 and February 2022, we carried out ALERT, an FRB survey at 1370 MHz using the Apertif Radio Transient System (ARTS) installed at the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT). Here we report the detection of 18 new FRBs. We studied the properties of the entire 24-burst sample that were detected during the survey. For five bursts, we identified host galaxy candidates within their error regions with > 50% probability association. We observed an average linear polarisation fraction of ∼43% and an average circular polarisation fraction consistent with 0%. One-third of the FRBs display multiple components. These burst structures and the polarisation fractions are strikingly similar to those observed in young energetic pulsars and magnetars. The Apertif FRBs next reveal a population of highly scattered bursts. Given the observing frequency and time resolution, the scattering of most FRBs is likely to have been produced in the immediate circumburst environment. Furthermore, two FRBs show evidence of high rotation measure values, which could reach |RM|> 103 rad m−2 in the source reference frames. This corroborates that some source environments are dominated by magneto-ionic effects. Together, the scattering and rotation measures that ALERT has found prove that a large fraction of FRBs are embedded in complex media such as star-forming regions or supernova remnants. Through the discovery of FRB 20200719A, the third most dispersed FRB so far, we further show that one-off FRBs emit at frequencies in excess of 6 GHz, the highest known to date. We compare this to the radio-bright high-frequency emission seen in magnetars. Finally, we determine an FRB all-sky rate of 459−155+208 sky−1 day−1 above a fluence limit of 4.1 Jy ms, and a fluence cumulative distribution with a power-law index γ = −1.23 ± 0.06 ± 0.2, which is roughly consistent with the Euclidean Universe predictions. Through the high resolution in time, frequency, polarisation, and localisation that ALERT featured, we were able to determine the morphological complexity, polarisation, local scattering and magnetic environment, and high-frequency luminosity of FRBs. We find all of these parameters strongly resemble those seen in young, energetic, highly magnetised neutron stars.