bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physically unclonable functions with controlled propagation delay
Authors: Yarmolik V. N. , Ivaniuk A. A. , Shynkevich N. N.
Published: March 2022

O b j e c t i v e s. The problem of constructing a new class of physically uncloneable functions (PUF) based on controlling the signal propagation delay through the elements lying on the path of its propagation is being solved. The relevance of this problem is associated with the active development of physical cryptography. For its implementation, the following goals are pursued: the construction of the basic elements of the PUF and their modifications, the development of a methodology for constructing controlled ring oscillators based on XOR elements and controlled ring oscillators based on multi-input signal switching.

M e t h o d s.  Methods  of  synthesis  and  analysis  of  digital  devices  were  used,  including  those  based  on programmable logic integrated circuits (FPGA), the basics of Boolean algebra and circuitry.

R e s u l t s. It is shown that combined PUFs based on RS-flip-flops implement the idea of controlling the signal delay by choosing a path, which is a series-connected elements selected in accordance with the PUF request. A technique for constructing an PUF with a  controlled delay through each element of the path has been developed as a development of the idea of controlling the signal delay along the path. The features and properties of PUF with controlled delay of signals of the ring oscillator type are investigated and possible solutions are shown for the case of two-bit input requests. A basic element and its modifications are proposed for constructing new PUF structures based on the control of the signal propagation delay. It is shown that the signal delay through the basic element, which is a multi-input XOR element, depends not only on the number of inputs to which the active input signal is applied, but also on fixed values of 0 or 1 at its other inputs. A new PUF structure is presented, namely, a controlled ring oscillator, its implementation is considered for the case of control by setting the inputs and their number, by which the active input signal changes.

Co n c l u s i o n. The proposed new approach to the construction of physically uncloneable functions, based on the control of signal delay through logical elements, has shown its efficiency and promise. The effect of the influence on the delays of signal propagation through the logic element, both the number of its inputs, along which the input signals change, leading to a change in the output signal, and their composition, is experimentally confirmed. It seems promising to further developing the ideas of constructing controlled ring oscillators and oscillators  with  multi-input  switching of  input  signal,  as  well  as  the  creation  of  new PUF  structures of arbiter type.
A Tale of Two Type Ia Supernovae: The Fast-declining Siblings SNe 2015bo and 1997cn
Authors: Hoogendam W. B. , Ashall C. , Galbany L. , Shappee B. J. , Burns C. R. , Lu J. , Phillips M. M. , Baron E. , Holmbo S. , Hsiao E. Y. , Morrell N. , Stritzinger M. D. , Suntzeff N. B. , Taddia F. , Young D. R. , Lyman J. D. , Benetti S. , Mazzali P. A. , Delgado Mancheño M. , Díaz R. González , Torres S. Muñoz
Published: March 2022

We present optical and near-infrared photometric and spectroscopic observations of the fast-declining Type Ia supernova (SN) 2015bo. SN 2015bo is underluminous (M

B
= −17.50 ± 0.15 mag) and has a fast-evolving light curve (Δm15(B) = 1.91 ± 0.01 mag and s
BV = 0.48 ± 0.01). It has a unique morphology in the observed V − r color curve, where it is bluer than all other supernovae (SNe) in the comparison sample. A 56Ni mass of 0.17 ± 0.03 M
⊙ was derived from the peak bolometric luminosity, which is consistent with its location on the luminosity–width relation. Spectroscopically, SN 2015bo is a cool SN in the Branch classification scheme. The velocity evolution measured from spectral features is consistent with 1991bg-like SNe. SN 2015bo has a SN twin (similar spectra) and sibling (same host galaxy), SN 1997cn. Distance moduli of μ = 34.33 ± 0.01 (stat) ±0.11 (sys) mag and μ = 34.34 ± 0.04 (stat) ± 0.12 (sys) mag are derived for SN 2015bo and SN 1997cn, respectively. These distances are consistent at the 0.06σ level with each other, and they are also consistent with distances derived using surface-brightness fluctuations and redshift-corrected cosmology. This suggests that fast-declining SNe could be accurate distance indicators, which should not be excluded from future cosmological analyses.
Hemiaustroboletus, a new genus in the subfamily Austroboletoideae (Boletaceae, Boletales)
Authors: Ayala-Vásquez Olivia , García-Jiménez Jesús , Aguirre-Acosta Elvira , Castro-Rivera Rigoberto , Ángeles-Argáiz Rodolfo Enrique , Saldivar Ángel Emmanuel , Garibay-Orijel Roberto
Published: March 2022

The present study describes Hemiaustroboletusgen. nov. in the subfamily Austroboletoideae (Boletaceae). Hemiaustroboletus is supported by morphological and molecular data using LSU and RPB2 regions. Additionally, its geographic distribution and intraspecific variation were inferred using ITS sequences. The genus is characterised by pileate-stipitate basidiomata; purple, brown, reddish-brown, orange-brown to dark brown vinaceous pileus; whitish or lilac to vinaceous context and a subclavate stipe. Microscopically, it is characterised by ornamented, slightly verrucose, cracked to perforated brown basidiospores. Two species are described within the genus, Hemiaustroboletus vinaceobrunneussp. nov. and H. vinaceussp. nov.Hemiaustroboletus vinaceussp. nov. is morphologically similar to Austroboletus gracilis, which suggests they may have been confused in the past. This study presents the phylogenetic placement, microscopic structures, detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations of both new species.
Accessible Online Health Promotion Information for Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Smeltzer Suzanne , Zimmerman Vanessa , Frain Marita , DeSilets Lynore , Duffin Janice
Published: March 2022

Online health promotion materials have great potential to reach persons with disabilities and provide valuable information to this vulnerable population. While health promotion efforts are important for everyone, they are crucial for individuals with disabilities. Yet information needed to support these efforts is often presented in such a way that its access is limited or its content is inappropriate for this population. Whether designing or selecting online materials for individuals with disabilities, nurses can benefit from knowledge about strategies to make web sites more accessible or to assess the accessibility of existing web sites. The task of providing health promotion information to women with disabilities was undertaken as part of the Health Promotion for Women with Disabilities Project at Villanova University’s College of Nursing. A web site was created as one method of providing information. This paper presents strategies that are used to make this site accessible.
Health Care's Human Crisis – Rx for an Evolving Profession
Authors: Kimball Bobbi
Published: March 2022

In 2001, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation commissioned a study on the nursing shortage in the United States to gain a better understanding of the drivers and inform the Foundation's response. This article discusses the impetus for, and a brief summary of, the resulting report, Health Care's Human Crisis: The American Nursing Shortage, published by the Foundation in 2002. It examines the historical, social, cultural, and economic factors that drive the nursing shortage. A new framework, namely a continuum of responses, is offered for understanding the myriad activities being undertaken in response to the problem, pointing the way to long-term, sustainable solutions. Recommendations and implications for nursing leaders are discussed.
Polynomial stability in viscoelastic network of strings
Authors: El Mufti Karim , Yahia Rania
Published: March 2022

In this paper we consider star-shaped viscoelastic networks, and study the large-time behaviour of these networks by proving polynomial decay rates. The energy decay rate depends on the irrationality properties of the lengths of the rods.
Fatty acid composition of phospholipids and triacylglycerols in the flesh of the thick-lipped grey mullet (Chelon labrosus) living in Tunisian geothermal water and seawater: A comparative study
Authors: Rabeh I. , Telahigue K. , Hajji T. , Kheriji S. , Besbes A. , Besbes R. , El Cafsi M.
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of rearing conditions on the composition of different phospholipid (PLs) classes and triacylglycerols (TAG) of the thick-lipped grey mullet (Chelon labrosus), a muscle originating from seawater and geothermal water. The major fatty acids in the examined lipid classes of the two fish groups were palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n-9), linoleic acid (C18:2n-6), arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3). The analyses demonstrated that the fatty acid profiles of the PL classes in the seawater fish group were characterized by the predominance of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). By contrast, in geothermal fish, the distribution of PUFA series proportions differed between the phospholipid fractions. It was found PUFA n-3 was particularly abundant in PS and PI, while the n-6 series dominated the PC and PE PUFA group. Nonetheless, it was found that neutral lipid fatty acids were characterized by saturated fatty acids (SFA) followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in the seawater fish and by PUFA in the geothermal fish. The results presented here give useful information on the role of lipid classes in the physiological adaptation of C. labrosus which can serve for the optiminzation of these aquaculture systems.
Investigación del comportamiento al desgaste por deslizamiento en seco de materiales compuestos de matriz metálica AA5083/NANO-Al2O3
Authors: Suresh R. , Joshi Ajith G. , Siddeshkumar N.G.
Published: March 2022

Se ha estudiado el comportamiento tribológico de materiales compuestos de matriz metálica de aluminio (AA5083)/nano-Al2O3 con un porcentaje de refuerzo variable de 2, 4, 6 y 8% en peso de partículas de nano-Al2O3. Los compuestos Al/nano-Al2O3 se prepararon utilizando una ruta de colada por agitación. Las imágenes de microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) de los materiales sugirieron una dispersión casi uniforme de las nanopartículas en la matriz de Al. El comportamiento al desgaste por deslizamiento se estudió utilizando un banco de pruebas pin-on-disc. El plan de experimentos tuvo como referencia la matriz ortogonal L25 de Taguchi utilizando tres parámetros de proceso en cinco niveles, a saber, porcentaje en peso de refuerzo, carga aplicada y distancia de deslizamiento. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que los materiales compuestos reforzados con nanopartículas presentan una mejor resistencia al desgaste. Mientras que la gráfica de efectos principales sugirió que el desgaste aumenta con un aumento en la carga, la distancia de deslizamiento y disminuye con un aumento en el porcentaje de refuerzo. El análisis de varianza (ANOVA) ilustró que la distancia de deslizamiento fue el parámetro más significativo. La morfología de la superficie desgastada del espécimen probado, bajo la condición de carga más alta, reveló la ocurrencia de un fenómeno de desgaste abrasivo.
Assistência estudantil a universitários em licença médica: um estudo de caso / Student assistance to undergraduates on sick leave: a case study
Authors: Vieira Lucilene Santos Lima , Magaldi Carolina Alves , Braga Vanessa Augusta Souza , Jesus Maria Cristina Pinto de , Merighi Miriam Aparecida Barbosa
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: compreender como ocorre o processo de assistência estudantil a universitários em licença médica. Método: estudo de caso, exploratório, descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado entre agosto de 2018 e maio de 2019, em uma universidade pública localizada no sudeste brasileiro. Analisaram-se 46 processos abertos por estudantes; obtiveram-se 15 depoimentos de coordenadores de cursos, professores, estudantes e profissionais da Pró-Reitoria de Assistência Estudantil, além de 12 respostas a um questionário on-line preenchido pelos discentes. Utilizou-se da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin para o tratamento dos dados. Resultados: há demora na tramitação dos processos, diferenças de conduta no gerenciamento dos casos, falta de credibilidade na condição de saúde do discentee de flexibilização do conteúdo, além de pouco conhecimento sobre o direito à assistência estudantil em situações de licença médica. Faz-se necessária maior divulgação desse direito e sistematização dos trâmites na instituição. Considerações finais: diante das dificuldades apontadas e das demandas apresentadas, explicita-se a necessidade de maior investimento na assistência estudantil que considere os diversos aspectos da vida dos estudantes, em especial a saúde, com orientação no processo ensino-aprendizagem e acompanhamento psicopedagógico nos casos de licença médica.
Estresse e burnout entre profissionais de saúde de pronto atendimento durante a pandemia da covid/Stress and burnout among healthcare professionals of the emergency room during the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Da Silva Barreto Mayckel , Oliveira de Arruda Guilherme , Silva Marcon Sonia , Pedroso da Silva Correia Liliane , Dutra Queruz Ana Laura , Karina Rissardo Leidyane , Correa Pereira Embert Luan
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: analisar o estresse percebido e a Síndrome de Burnout entre profissionais de saúde de unidades de pronto atendimento durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com 55 profissionais de saúde de dois serviços de pronto atendimento localizados no Paraná (Brasil). Os dados foram coletados de setembro a novembro de 2020, mediante aplicação da Escala de Estresse Percebido, Questionário Preliminar de Identificação da Burnout e questionário sociodemográfico, que foram analisados com auxílio da estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: a média de estresse percebido foi de 24,1 e o nível mais elevado esteve associado ao sexo, carga horária de trabalho e percepção de cansaço físico e mental. A Burnout instalada/avançada foi identificada em 65,5% dos participantes e associou-se ao sexo, tempo de formação e especialização em emergência.Conclusão: para os entrevistados, durante a pandemia, a Síndrome de Burnout e o estresse percebido estiveram associados a fatores sociodemográficose profissionais.
Parto domiciliar planejado assistido por enfermeira obstétrica: significados, experiências e motivação para essa escolha/ Planned home birth assisted by a midwife nurse: meanings, experiences and motivation for this choice
Authors: Aparecida Baggio Maria , Girardi Camila , Regina Schapko Taís , Hoffmann Cheffer Maycon
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: compreender os significados e experiências de mulheres que vivenciaram o parto domiciliar planejado assistido por enfermeira obstétrica e a motivação (das mulheres) para essa escolha. Metodologia: estudo qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo, com 16 mulheres, realizado por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e analisado pelos pressupostos da análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: as mulheres vivenciaram o parto com tranquilidade, autonomia e respeito, escolheram as posições e as pessoas de sua preferência. O parto teve significado de vitória e de libertação, cuja experiência foi descrita como inesquecível, fantástica, intensa e protagonizada pela mulher. O descontentamento com o modelo de assistência vigente, a participação em grupo de gestantes, o acesso a informações e a vivência de violência obstétrica anterior motivaram as mulheres a optarem pelo parto domiciliar. Considerações finais: as experiências das mulheres convergem para o exercício da autonomia e respeito à individualidade. Evidencia-se o protagonismo das mulheres que vivenciaram um parto natural e livre de intervenções. A assistência obstétrica foi centrada nas necessidades da parturiente, proporcionou confiança, segurança, tranquilidade e respeito às suas escolhas. Aponta-se a necessidade de ampliar a assistência ao parto por enfermeiras obstétricas às mulheres que desejam o parto domiciliar planejado. Políticas públicas de assistência ao parto podem viabilizar isso.
A vivência do medo por estudantes universitários durante a pandemia de covid-19 /The experience of fear by university students during the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: De Pádua Lima Helder , Oliveira de Arruda Guilherme , Gonçalves Pinheiro dos Santos Eduardo , Geraldo Rozza  Lopes Soraia , De Oliveira  Maisatto Roberta , Soares de Souza Verusca
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: compreender a vivência do medo por estudantes universitários durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: estudo exploratório, qualitativo, realizado com 16 estudantes matriculados em instituições de ensino superior brasileiras. Os dados foram coletados em junho de 2020, através de grupo focal realizado virtualmente, utilizando-se um roteiro semiestruturado com questões norteadoras. A partir da análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática, emergiram as categorias: Medo do desconhecido e suas repercussões na vida de estudantes universitários e viver daqui por diante: desafios impostos pela pandemia e semelhanças com experiências anteriores. Resultados: a pandemia de COVID-19 simbolizava o novo, evidenciado pelo sentimento de medo dos participantes frente ao imprevisível, à solidão, ao sofrimento e à finitude humana. As narrativas mostraram mudanças no viver dos estudantes universitários. Conclusão: apesar de seu ineditismo, a vivência da pandemia encontrou semelhanças em experiências pregressas de eventos estressores que possibilitaram aos participantes aprender e desenvolver sua capacidade de resiliência.
Características sociodemográficas, de trabalho e saúde de homens e mulheres deficientes residentes em contexto rural/ Sociodemographic characteristics of work and health of disabled men and women living in a rural setting
Authors: Bastos da Silva Ethel , Bigolin Jantsch Leonardo , Cocco da Costa Marta , Do Carmo Jahn Alice
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Comparar as características sociodemográficas, de saúde e de trabalho de homens e mulheres com deficiência que residem em contexto rural. Método: Estudo transversal analítico, com 276 pessoas com deficiência residentes em cenário rural de oito municípios da região noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário fechado, com variáveis sociodemográficas, de trabalho e saúde, aplicado na residência dos participantes nos meses de setembro de 2018 a julho de 2019. Esses foram digitados e analisados no programa estatístico software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows, versão 18.0 por meio de estatística analítica descritiva (comparação de frequência). Para comparar os dois grupos (homens e mulheres) empregou-se o teste Qui-Quadrado. Resultados: Dos homens, 27,8% apresentaram deficiência física e a deficiência múltipla foi mais frequente na mulher (p<0,001). O trabalho na agricultura e do lar eram mais frequentes no sexo feminino e as atividades autônomas e empregatícias, no sexo masculino. Ambos recebiam BPC, ainda que 18% não tivessem nenhum tipo de benefício. Homens tinham duas vezes mais chance de serem tabagistas e quase três vezes maior risco de etilismo que as mulheres (p<0,001). Conclusão: As características de pessoas com deficiência que residem em contexto rural se diferenciam entre os sexos, no que se refere à deficiência, trabalho e hábitos que vulnerabilizam a saúde.
AUTISMO: HISTÓRIA DE UM QUADRO E O QUADRO DE UMA HISTÓRIA
Authors: BIALER MARINA , Voltolini Rinaldo
Published: March 2022

Com o crescente interesse público pela questão do autismo, assistimos a uma torção importante do debate que caracteriza esse tema. Inicialmente reduzida ao campo científico – em geral médico – a questão do autismo se viu progressivamente encampada por diferentes agentes, sobretudo pelos próprios autistas, cujas contribuições ampliaram muito o que podemos saber hoje sobre o autismo. Com o termo narrativas do autismo, tivemos como proposta neste artigo demonstrar a riqueza dos aportes desses novos saberes para o debate científico e político sobre a questão, bem como demonstrar o risco dela permanecer encapsulada e restrita ao campo estritamente científico. Para tanto, passamos pela história do conceito ressaltando como nela se pode ver o quanto o percurso científico vai sendo afetado, enriquecido por influência desses outros agentes e o valor de se tomar em consideração as diversas narrativas sobre o autismo. Situar a diversidade dessas narrativas não tem como objetivo apenas retomar uma posição plural e aberta contra outra exclusiva e restritiva, mas, antes, de colocar em curso o que pode acontecer ao debate científico quando ele não se fecha demasiadamente sobre a tendência objetivante própria a organização do discurso científico.

Situar a diversidade dessas narrativas não tem como objetivo apenas retomar uma posição plural e aberta contra outra exclusiva e restritiva, mas, antes, de colocar em curso o que pode acontecer ao debate científico quando ele não se fecha demasiadamente sobre a tendência objetivante própria a organização do discurso científico.
OPTIMIZATION TRENDS IN TOTAL LIPOPEPTIDE PRODUCTION BY Bacillus velezensis 0G REVEALED A SUSTAINABLE SUBMERGED FERMENTATION METHOD USING SWEET POTATO PEELS
Authors: Gomes Wyllerson , Martini Rodrigues Beatriz , Andréa Franco Burguim Juliana , Mendez Soares David , Etchegaray Augusto , Kelly Mendes Valente Renata , Borin Nogueira Alessandra
Published: March 2022

Bacillus velezensis are plant-growth promoting microorganisms. They produce an interesting class of cyclic peptides; surfactin, which have antifungal and surfactant properties. Lipopeptide of the surfactin family are very potent biosurfactants with important applications for environmental remediation and chemical industries. In the present work, the complex production of lipopeptide (mostly surfactins) by B. velezensis 0G, was evaluated under different growth conditions using factorial design 23 with central and axial points. All experiments were carried out based on sustainable submerged fermentation containing sweet potato peels. The response surface trends demonstrate a maximum biosurfactant production at inoculum volume of 32 mL; combined broth volume of 46 mL, and incubation time of 24h. These observations were based on the analysis of supernatant by HPLC.
Effects of Tuberculosis on Liver: Effects on Functions of Liver - 1st Report
Authors: Park Jong-gap
Published: March 2022

No abstract available.
Surgical Treatment for The far Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Kim JIn Sik
Published: March 2022

Though the effects of the nummerous antituberous drugs for early pulmonary tuberculosis and the adequate surgical treatment for the pulm. Tubercurous patients have marked a great epoch in recent year, still another problems associated with the increase of the far advanced pulm. Tuberculosis which do not respond for drug therapy due to the occurane of resistant strain. postope rative complications and depression of the cardiorespiratory function are we faced with. The author examined the results of Chemotherapy and surgical treatment for 82 cases of the far advanced pulm. tuberculosis and following observations have been made.1. Recently it is a noteworthy thing that the far advanced pulm. Tuberculosis tend to increase due to the inadequate and interrupted long term Chemotherapy. These are almost the drug resistant cases which have persistent positive sputum.2. Thc criteria of the surgical treatment for such far advanced cases is the prevention of post-operative complication and the study of cardio-respirators function.3. The thoracoplasty for these far advanced cases should bc reconcidered from the point of view of cardio-respiratory function.4. Thc pneumonectomy is concidered as an operation of choice for these far advanced cases than the lobectomy combined with segmental resection.
On the Virulence of Atypical Acid- Fast Bacilli for Mice and Guinea pig
Authors: Kim Chong Ku , Lee Sung Kwan
Published: March 2022

The existance of acid-fast bacilli producing pulmonary disese in humans, but differing from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cultural characteristics and in failure to produce progressive disease in the guinea pig, has been reported sporadically for many years in other countries than Korea, but recently this has come to be reported with increasing frequency and interest. In Korea, the existence and biological characteristics of this so called atypical acid-fast bacilli has been first reported by Dr. K.s. Kim at the 12th Annual Meeting of Tuberculosis Association. Here. this writer intended to study the virulence of atypical acid-fast bacilli for guinea pig and mice for further knowledge successively.1) The virulence for mice and guinea pig with three atypical acid-fast bacilli strains was demonstrated. Photochromogens, nonphotochrmogens and scotochromogens were the used strains and among them the photochromogens were proved to be strongly virulent for mice.2) Tuberculin test was done to the whole used animals and the majority of mice showed positive reaction to O.T.(1:100), while guinea pig remained negative.3) Repeated isolation from lesions was possible and microscopic section of the lesion in the lyver, spleen and lung showed so-called the young epithelioid tubercle which was histopathologically indistinguishable from tuberculosis.
Bronchoscopic Findings on 122 Chest Disease Cases
Authors: Kim Pyoung Ki
Published: March 2022

1) Bronchoscopy was performed on 122 cases of various chest diseases, of which 34 were pulmonary tuberculosis, 22 were chronic suppurative broncho-pulmonary diseases, 10 were carcinoma of lung.2) Age group of tuberculosis cases was predominantly in between 20 to 39, 9 out of 10cases of tumor were in 40 to 60 years of age group.3) Intuberculosis cases, there were about 12% (10cases) of probable endobronchial tuberculosis changes but no definite lymph gland perforation was found. Specific changes were mostly demonstrated in fresh cases with short history and treatment. Granulations, ulcerations and bronchial stenosis were found in older cases, mostly untreated.4) Most of the chronic suppurative broncho-pulmonary disease cases showed unspecific reaction in bronchial mucosa with large amount of purulent secretion with or without foul smell from the bronchi of affected part. Most of the cases with bronchial tumor showed characteristic tumor infiltration and stenosis.5) In pulmonary tuberculosis cases thoracoplasty was done on 40 cases, resection on 23 cases, decortication on 1 case, artificial pneumothorax on one case but none of them developed any post-operative complication.
Investigations in Tuberculin Production: Part 1: The amount of tuberculoprotein obtained on different media, Part 2: Comparition between the amount of tuberculin obtained from culture filtrate and by extraction of tubercle bacilli cultured on three differ
Authors: Kim Hyun Kyn , Kim Kyung Sik
Published: March 2022

Glyccrine broth and some synthctic mcdia, including those commonly used for tuberculin production, were compared in the following way. Three human starins were inoculated on to the media and after different incubation periods the weight of the culture, the pH and the protein content of the media was determined. Larger cops of bacteria were obtained on the synthetic media to the glycerine broth. Within the synthetic media differences were found as well in total growth as in the growth rate of the bacteria. Due to the natural content of proteins of glycerine broth, this medium could not compared with the synthetic media with regard to the amount of protein formed. Among the synthetic media Sauton medium had smaller protein content than the other media. For the full groun cultures no simple relation was found between the total crop of bacteria and the protein content of the culture filtrates. However, the cultures with a low pH(pH=4-5) had a lower protein content than the filtrates with a higher final pH. this may explain the small amount of protein obtained on Sauton medium, which had a low final pH. Some irregularities in the growth curves for one of the strains are supposed to be due to dissociation of the strain.Two strains of human tubercle bacilli were cultured for 4 weeks and 8 weeks on glycerine broth. Sauton medium and on Lind b II medium which is an enriched Sauton medium. After heat sterilisation of the cultures, the bacterial cells were extracted with 0.05 N sodium hydroxide. The amount of protein extracted and the cutancous activity of the extracts were compared with the protcin content and the biological activity of the corresponding culture filtrates. Large amounts of protcins were extracted from the cells but the biological activity of the extracts was low. In average the activity of the extracts was 10 times smaller than the activity of the culture filtrates. When regarded as a whole more tuberculin was obtained in Lind b II medium than in glycerine broth and Sauton medium. Under varing experimental conditions more tuberculin was obtained after 8 weeks incubation than after 4 weeks incubation. The relatin of the amount of tubertculin obtained with the two strains depeded on the medium used for the comparison. For the extracts all the protein had the same biological activity. For the culture filtrate some of the protein had a higher activity than another part. Thus it was not justified to use the yield of protein as gause of the tuverculin in the culture filtratcs in the present experiment.
A Electrocardiographic Study among the 100 Cases of Chronic, Far-advanced Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Hong Sung Moon
Published: March 2022

The author have made a study on the E.C.G. findings among the cases of chronic far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis. The results obtained are as follows:1. The findings reflect, the long-lasting burden to the right heart:a. Right ventricular hypertrophy 9 b. Chronic cor-pulmonale 8 2. Other Significant findings:a. Left ventricular hypertrophy 4 b. Myocardial damage 4 c. Ventricular premature beats 4 d. Low voltage 4 c. Sinus tachycardia 18 f. W.P.W, & auricular fibrillation 1 respectively
Clinical Observation on the Treatment of Pulmonary Paragonimiasis with Dionol
Authors: Oh Hyun Kwan , Kim Hi Seup
Published: March 2022

This survey consists of 12 pulmonary paragonimiasis cases which were proved by the detection of the ova in the sputum as well as clinical symptoms. The patients in this study were divided into two groups according to the dosage given of the drug, Djonl. Nine cases were treated with 30 mg/kg, and three cases 20 mg/kg. Each group were treated with the drug every other day in a period of 12 days. Follwing results were obtained:(1) In 7 of 12 cases, 58.3%, the bloody sputum disappeared in the fourth day after beginning of the treatment. The others in the 8-10th day.(2) The eggs in the sputum were cleared in the 8-12th day in all cases. Three of the 12 cases, 25%, in the sixth day.(3) No signification difference was observed between the group of 30 mg/kg and of 20 mg/kg.(4) In about 50% of all cases, the X-ray findings of cloudy density (1 pneumonitis) were disappeared or improved.(5) No clinical evidence of recurrence was seen in the following two methods after treatment.
Influence of scion length and point of attachment on rootstock on survival and	growth of grafted soursop
Authors: Yakubu F.B. , Alaje V.I. , Olaniyi A.A. , Nola M.O. , Odewale M.A. , Fadulu O.O. , Adeniyi K.K.
Published: March 2022

Soursop (Annona muricata) is a multipurpose fruit tree species, which is mostly propagated by seeds, thus producing plants that exhibit various degree of variability. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of scion length and point of attachment on rootstock on survival and growth on grafted Annona muricata. Varying points were marked out on the rootstock from the base of the plant and varying scion lengths (5, 10 and 15 cm) were collected. The modified cleft method of grafting was adopted and this was monitored daily for freshness and appearance of new shoot. At the end of two months, survived grafted plants were removed and arranged under a weaning shed, where they were further monitored for number of leaves, height of graft, diameter of scion and rootstock. Results showed that scion length varied significantly (P<0.05) for all the parameters assessed. The effect of point of attachment on rootstock was also significant on the number of leaves, as well as scion collar diameter. The effect rootstock on graft height and rootstock collar diameter was not significant. The interactive effect of scion and rootstock was significant (P<0.05) for all parameters, except height of graft. For successful graft, survival and growth of grafted A. muricata, 10 - 15 cm long scion should be used and this should be inserted at the upper part (15 cm) of the rootstock.
The conjectures of Artin-Tate and Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer
Authors: Lichtenbaum S. , Ramachandran N. , Suzuki T.
Published: March 2022

We provide two proofs that the conjecture of Artin-Tate for a fibered surface is equivalent to the conjecture of Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer for the Jacobian of the generic fibre. As a byproduct, we obtain a new proof of a theorem of Geisser relating the orders of the Brauer group and the Tate-Shafarevich group.

Comment: 18 pages, final version
Clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with endometrial cancer and their treatment outcome in BPKMCH
Authors: Manju Pandey  , Tiwari Dr. Damodar , Lamichhane Nirmal
Published: March 2022

Background: There are  few studies on endometrial carcinoma in Nepal so present study aims to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of endometrial cancer patients along with their treatment outcome.

Material and Methods: This is a descriptive study conducted from January 2011 to December 2020 and all patients of endometrial carcinoma who had undergone primary surgery at B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital were included. Socio-demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, histologic type, treatment modalities and outcomes were obtained and analyzed.

Results: The mean age was found to be 58 8.32 years. Most were postmenopausal accounting for 86%. Medical co-morbidities were associated in 40% of patients. Most common presentation was postmenopausal bleeding seen in 68% of patients. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was done in 48% of patients. The main histologic type was endometrioid carcinoma observed in 96% of patients. Low grade carcinoma was found in 78% of patients out of which grade 1 accounting for 50% and rest grade 2 while high grade carcinoma was found 22% of patients. 64% of patients required adjuvant therapy. Recurrence was seen in 16% of patients.

Conclusions: Endometrial carcinoma is common in post menopausal age group. Endometrioid variety is the commonest histologic type. Clinicopathologic characters of endometrial carcinoma affect the prognosis of the patient.
AEROFLEX PROJECT: Pedestrian protection for 16+ Ton Trucks
Authors:   APPLUS IDIADA, SPAIN, Donaire Mario Perez , Mensa Genis ,   APPLUS IDIADA, SPAIN, Cordua Giuseppe ,   CNH Industrial, ITALY, Jänsch Michael ,   Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, GERMANY
Published: March 2022

"The overall objective of the AEROFLEX (AEROdynamic and FLEXible Trucks for Next Generation of Long-Distance Road Transport) project is to develop and demonstrate new technologies, concepts and architectures for complete truck to make them more efficient, safe, comfortable, configurable and cost-effective. Furthermore, the project should ensure that the constantly changing needs of the customers are satisfied by being flexible and adaptable with respect to each of the operational conditions. These new configurable truck concept should meet the future logistics and co-modality needs of the different segments and markets. The project has involved the development of potential architectures for an innovative Front End Design which will improve safety and help to ensure survivability in crashes up to 30 km/h for Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) and 50km/h for truck-to-vehicle crash scenarios. Thus the work in this paper will be focused in the Pedestrian protection. As to the current vehicle pedestrian protection activities, the accident scenarios were assessed using accidentology data. Using all the data collection some generic assumptions were defined to study the most common VRU accidentology. VRU injury criteria and kinematics were analyzed by Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulations. Those simulations were preformed in both LS-DYNA and Madymo software. The first phase of the LS-DYNA simulations was to define and determine the Key Performance Indicators [KPI] with a Human Body Model (HBM). The front-end design was simulated in pedestrian impact conditions using Human Body Models (HBM). This simulation allowed an agreement of the fatal injuries KPI and the evaluation of the kinematic conditions in the moment of the impact between the truck and the human body. In second phase, the equivalence between the simulation procedure to be followed when using HBM and pedestrian protection impactors (head impactor and upper leg impactor) was identified. The objective of introducing these impactors was to increase the repeatability in the test and propose impact area as is the common use in the conventional vehicles. The third phase gave some general guidelines to improve the frontal part of the truck to make it less aggressive to pedestrians. Thus, further pedestrian protection simulations were run using head and pelvis impactors and evaluating the results as per current pedestrian protection protocols from the European Market. The simulation results made it possible to propose and validate some conceptual changes on the front-end design that remarkably improved the VRU protection level of the design."
Automatic Car Reverse Braking System Based on a ToF Camera Sensor
Authors:   Federal University of Parana - UFPR, BRAZIL, Negri de Azeredo Rodrigo , Vaculin Ondrej ,   Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt - THI, GERMANY, Henrique da Costa Oliveira Gustavo ,   Federal University of Parana - UFPR, BRAZIL
Published: March 2022

The proposed paper presents a feasibility study on Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras for Reverse Autonomous Emergency Braking systems (reverse AEB) and the application of computer vision techniques for automatic target identification in the real-time. The consumer testing organisations play an important role in the expansion of vehicle safety systems. The New Car Assessment Programme (NCAP) organisations assess vehicle safety considering different areas, for instance in Europe the rating of EuroNCAP consists of four categories: Adult Occupants, Child Occupants, Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) and Safety Assists. One of the tested systems is Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB), which activates automatically the vehicle's brakes in order to prevent or reduce the severity of a collision. The new EuroNCAP protocol, effective from January 2020, brought the application of AEB also to reverse motion of vehicles to prevent accidents with pedestrians. The Reverse AEB automatically activates brakes when a potential obstacle behind the vehicle is detected. The system has the ability to reduce a significant number of accidents, particularly during parking manoeuvres. The proposed work aims to investigate the suitability of the innovative PMD technology with a ToF Camera for the reverse AEB. Following the protocol guidelines for the assessment test conditions, the Vehicle Under Test (VUT) should be tested with speeds of -4 and -8 km/h with impact offsets of 25, 50 and 75%. The protocol considers an adult pedestrian target. However, the presented research goes beyond the requirements of the protocol and addresses the case of a certified child target, which is more dangerous because of its smaller size. The work consists of a data acquisition phase with a real ToF camera sensor in a scenario according to the guidelines of the AEB VRU Systems protocol from EuroNCAP. The camera generates point clouds information in 3D format, which is acquired at a rate of 10 FPS (frames per second). The captured 3D data are stored and used as an input for the development in MATLAB/Simulink, where the identification algorithm is implemented. It locates the child target's position and determines the distance relative to the vehicle. Further, a decision-making system decides to activate the brakes according to their limits, avoiding collision with the target on one hand side and reducing false positive issues on the other hand side. In order to simulate the braking manoeuvre, the vehicle dynamic model is developed in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. Finally, the paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the application of the proposed technology.
A Surgeon's Insight on Kala Pareeksha with the Aid of Gurvadi Gunas
Authors: S Balasubramaniam  , Rengapadmini B  , Anita Patel
Published: March 2022

The physicians around the world would have come across the patients complaining of a particular symptom arising in a particular time of the day or night, or similar complaints recurring around the same months for the past few years, in their clinical practice. The classical texts of Ayurveda have described Kala as a factor influencing pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of a disease. The term “Kala” indicates Rogi avastha as well as the time. Though the texts have given the details of various seasons along with the changes that the Doshas undergo in each of them and the regimens to follow respectively, the description of Dosha avasthas with respect to day and night is very limited. Acharya Sushruta, the father of surgery has given a key insight on this principle. Ayurvedic diagnosis and treatments cannot be standardized in a very broad scale but rather its approach should be target- specific, for which we need deeper analysis for the principles. For achieving this, a Guna based analysis of every aspect of the protocol is to be followed while diagnosing and treating the patient (Guna Pratyaneeka pareeksha and Chikitsa), a process which unearths the hidden secrets of Ayurveda. This article deals the concept of Kala pareeksha in terms of day, night and a season from the basis of Gunas rather than the basis of Doshas with respect to the references from mainly Sushruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hrudaya in a way showing the actual beauty of the ever-puzzling science we are striving to practice.
Positive Impact of Aachar-Rasayana on Health
Authors: Sunita Pandey  , Prabhat Kr Dwivedi  , Rohit Ranjan  , Pallavi Bharti
Published: March 2022

The first and foremost aim of Ayurveda - “Swasthasya Swasthya Rakshanam Aaturasya Vikara Prashamanam Cha”  is to maintain a healthy state of life and to remain free from the burden of diseases and sufferings so as to accomplish the ultimate goal of human life. To achieve this objective, Ayurveda has advocated certain percepts and rules which can ensure the normal functioning of human body without any hindrance. Ayurveda has suggested schedules of Swasthvritta including Dincharya, Ratricharya, Ritucharya, Rasayana, and Sadvritta as some of the practices and methods that leads to a happy, healthy and long life. In Ayurveda general principles to prevent psychic disturbances, practices preventing psychosomatic disturbances, practices regarding codes of general ethics in diet, behaviour, study, self-control etc. are explained as parts of Sadvritta. True efforts made for the observation of these schedules and conduct give rise to the effects of rejuvenation therapy called Aachar Rasayana that promotes longevity without any attack of diseases. Rasayana is one of the comprehensive disciplines of Ayurveda, which comprises a specialized use of herbs, herbo-mineral formulations, food articles and lifestyle along with self-discipline with social etiquette to achieve the optimum state of tissues that there is least effect of etiological factors on body. A careful analysis of qualities of Aachar Rasayana reveals that most of them are related to Mana, Dhi, Dhriti, along with good conduct. It inculcates the discipline related to mind, character, social, religious and personal life, so as to accord with the happiness and good of the individual and the society as a whole.
A Review on the Rasayanas (Rejuvenatives) from Chakradatta and Market Survey for the Availability of Rasayana Drugs and Formulations
Authors: Mahadar Sayali Pravin  , Jamdade Yogita. A
Published: March 2022

Rasayana therapy is the essence of Ayurveda. It places great emphasis on prevention and encourages the maintenance of health through close attention to balance in one’s life. For achieving this state, Ayurveda encircles various approaches of assessment. Various Rasayanas are mentioned in Ayurveda compendiums. Chakradatta is one of the important compendia written by Chakrapani which is known as Chikitsasangraha wherein details about treatment methods are given. Details of Rasayan chapter of Chakradatta, and drugs/ formulations having ‘Rasayana’ word in their indications are reviewed in this article. After studies it is found that, 22 Rasayana drugs/ formulations are mentioned in the Rasayan chapter of Chakradatta, and 22 Rasayana drugs/ formulations are mentioned in overall text, apart from the Rasayan chapter of Chakradatta.

A market survey was conducted in the area around the College of Ayurved and Research Centre, Nigdi, to find the availability of Rasayana drugs and formulations from Chakradatta. It was found that out of 51 raw drugs and formulations 40 are available in the market.
Consenso de recomendaciones de vacunas en adultos con enfermedades reumáticas inflamatorias crónicas autoinmunes
Authors: Cosentino Vanesa , Larroude María Silvia , Schneeberger Emilce , (SADI) Grupo de expertos de la Sociedad Argentina de Infectología , Nacinovich Francisco
Published: March 2022

Las enfermedades reumáticas in amatorias crónicas autoinmunes (ERICA) son un conjunto de patologías que se caracterizan por compromiso articular y sistémico, que frecuentemente generan dolor, discapacidad funcional y deterioro en la calidad de vida. Entre ellas se destacan: la artritis reumatoidea, el lupus eritematoso sistémico, la esclerodermia, la miopatía in amatoria, la espondiloartritis, las vasculitis, entre otras. La mayoría de las enfermedades reumáticas tiene un importante componente autoinamatorio, con una marcada desregulación de varios aspectos del sistema inmune. Uno de estos es la autoinmunidad, la cual puede de nirse como la aparición de una respuesta inmune humoral y/o celular contra proteínas propias (autoantígenos) localizadas en diversos tejidos. Actualmente se considera que las enfermedades autoinmunes son desórdenes multifactoriales que muestran una complejidad y heterogeneidad considerable a pesar de tener una patogénesis en común: la pérdida de la autotolerancia.