bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient Discomfort and Intesity of Intraseptal Anesthesia of Controlled Articaine/Epinephrine Delivery for Scaling and Root Planing
Authors: Djoric Jelica , Krasavcevic Ana Djinic , Barac Milena , Pficer Jovana Kuzmanovic , Brkovic Bozidar , Nikolic-Jakoba Natasa
Published: April 2023

Objectives: The primary aim was assessing the pain during intraseptal anesthesia (ISA) administration, during and after scaling and root planing (SRP). The secondary aims were comparing the pain in different regions of jaws and evaluating factors affecting pain during SRP.
Materials and Methods: ISA was obtained with different doses (0.1 ml, 0.2 ml, and 0.3 ml) of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine (4%Ar+Ep) in 360 patients. The pain during ISA administration (VASa), the pain during SRP (VASi), and the pain after SRP (VASp) were evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) and correlated with clinical periodontal parameters. Multiple regression analysis was performed for pain during SRP (absence vs. presence) as dependent variable for different factors.
Results: During the anesthetic delivery 80.8% of patients reported pain. VASa negatively correlated with periodontal pocket depth (PPD) (ρ=-0.109, p=0.047). VASi showed no dose-dependency, except in the mandibular premolars (p=0.049). VASi negatively correlated with clinical attachment level (CAL) (ρ=-0.138, p=0.012). VASp reported 13.5% of patients. The regression analysis indicated that increasing the anesthesia duration and the anesthetic field width orally were followed by the greater chance of achieving painless SRP.
Conclusions: ISA obtained with 0.3 ml 4%Ar+Ep will provide a painless SRP.
Clinical Relevance: The pain during ISA administration was mild and well tolerated by the patients. The pain during SRP can be expected in patients with greater CAL. The post-treatment pain can be anticipated after SRP in region with greater PPD and CAL.
Study was registered in a Clinical Trials database (NCT04392804, May 9th, 2020).
Problem-Based Learning as a Practical Approach to Postgraduate Materials Science Education
Authors: CHOU Hung-Lung , CHOU Chih-Hsuan , Lin Meng-Hua , Huang Tzu-Jung , Lin Pei-Xuan , Rick John , Tang Joni-Tzuchen
Published: April 2023

The graduate school specializes in introducing novel interdisciplinary courses. Entering students, from a diversity of backgrounds, typically have a low familiarity with current developments in materials science. Hence, interdisciplinary courses invariably erect psychological barriers, thereby reducing willingness to participate and consequently the effectiveness of learning. As a result, it is often a great challenge for students to integrate what they have previously learned with the needs of practical industrial applications. Through this study we aim to address existing questions that reside in the ideology of the “Learning Community” by using the methodology of ‘Teacher’s Action Research’. The interdisciplinary course “Material Science and Simulation” we designed is an attempt to solve problems in traditional teaching methods, such as one-way teaching and examination evaluation, which are replaced with a curriculum that introduces the current situation, describes and analyses basic materials classifications, followed by newly-produced teaching materials consisting of videos and animations offered on online audio-visual platforms, together with the latest recommended readings as references. Furthermore, the course applies the methods of problem-based learning (PBL) to reduce learning barriers, while providing an overall understanding of the latest materials science and current development status of various materials for students with various backgrounds, to facilitate advanced materials science learning. Also, students can amass and assess data through group discussions with peers, put forward their viewpoints, organize their results, and conduct complete in-depth studies. From the students' self-assessment and feedback from the questionnaire, we can see that this method has a positive effect on learning related to current materials science research.
Yield response and water use efficiency of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) as influenced by irrigation water quality and fertigation under surface drip
Authors: Sidhu Simranpreet K. , Sekhon K. S. , Thaman Sudhir , Garg Naveen , Sharda Rakesh , Choudhary O. P.
Published: April 2023

The injudicious use of poor-quality water for irrigation poses significant challenges to crop production, soil quality, and the environment. The decline in good-quality water resources has forced the use of poor-quality water for agriculture. This study investigated the effect of irrigation water quality and fertigation levels on bell pepper yield, water use efficiency, and soil properties under mulching in sandy loam soil in semi-arid conditions using surface drip. Four irrigation water qualities, namely canal, desalinated, saline, and mixed canal and saline water in equal ratios, were evaluated under varying fertigation levels (100%, 80%, and 60% of recommended NPK dose), for both un-mulched and mulched (using silver-black polyethylene mulch, 25µ) conditions. Results showed that reducing groundwater salinity through desalination from EC 4.07 dSm− 1to EC 0.390 dSm− 1resulted in a 58% increase in fruit yield coupled with enhanced water use efficiency. Soil pH1:2, EC1:2, and sodium adsorption ratio significantly increased with irrigation water salinity. The application of polyethylene mulch and increasing fertigation levels significantly enhanced fruit yield and water use efficiency, while minimizing soil salinity and health hazards in regions with a scarcity of good quality irrigation water and brackish water aquifers. Therefore, desalinated or mixed water sources have an edge over poor-quality irrigation water to raise bell pepper under a drip system with an acceptable yield loss. The overall study underscores the importance of using desalinated or mixed water sources to improve crop production and protect the environment in regions with water scarcity.
Tree species diversity, distribution and population structure of Fraxinus xanthoxyloides in Western Himalayas
Authors: Kukreti Akshit , Thapliyal Manisha , Kurmanchali Neelam , Ramola Gaurav Chand , Singh Rajat
Published: April 2023

The present study was conducted in West Himalayan Dry Juniper Forest, in Chamoli district, Uttarakhand and Dry Broadleaved and Coniferous Forest, Kinnaur district, Himachal Pradesh, India, to investigate the population structure and regeneration status of Afghan Ash tree species. The results of population status of the Afghan ash in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh indicated the dominance of F. xanthoxyloides. In Uttarakhand, maximum IVI value of F. xanthoxyloides was recorded in Malari (170.26), followed by Jhelum (160.13), whereas in Himachal Pradesh, maximum IVI value 161.50 was recorded in Ribba, while, in Jhangi site 128.68 IVI value was recorded. Density and total basal area in all the sites of the Afghan ash ranged from 344.44 individuals ha− 1 to 482.22 individuals ha− 1 and 18.77 m2 ha− 1 to 35.65 m2 ha− 1, respectively. The natural regeneration status of F. xanthoxyloides was found to be quite good in all the selected sites/ranges. The maximum number of seedlings were recorded from Himachal Pradesh with (837.78 individual’s ha− 1) in Jangi, while minimum number of seedlings per hectare (70.37 individual’s ha− 1) was recorded in Jhelum, Uttarakhand. The reverse J-shaped curve was observed in all the CBH classes which signify regeneration at the stand level was good and maximum portion of curve with more than one-half of the individual’s occurrence was found to be higher between the girth classes 10.1–20 cm to 20.1–30 cm and decreased with the increase of girth in all the study stands. Anthropogenic disturbances resulted to be declined in populations of Afghan ash and may lead this species to endangered, rare and threatened categories. Therefore, proper conservation and management initiatives with active involvement of local people are urgent need to protect this keystone plant species in their habitat particularly in cold desert regions of Western Himalayas.
Xanthoma of the Bone Mimicking Malignant Bone Tumor with Secondary Aneurysmal-Cystic Change: A Case Report
Authors: Yang Ming-Tao , Yeh Lee-Ren , Wan Hsi-Hao , Tsai Jen-Wei , Kao Yu-Hsi , Yeh Jih-Hsi , Li Yi-Chen
Published: April 2023

Background
Xanthomas are commonly found in the soft tissues of hyperlipidemic patients. Rarely, they may involve the skeletal system, with various radiographic appearances, mimicking bone malignancies.
Case presentation:
A 55-year-old woman presented with back pain and bilateral lower limb weakness for several months. After serial imaging studies, multifocal osteolytic lesions were identified in the pelvis and spine, with the largest measuring 94 mm in diameter. An abnormal lipid profile and typical cutaneous presentation aided in the final pathological diagnosis of bone xanthoma.
Conclusions
Xanthoma of the bone may be confused with aggressive bone lesions radiologically. Clinical, laboratory, and physical findings, in addition to pathological features, are required to make an accurate diagnosis.
Oral administration of wasabi extract containing 6-methylsulfinylhexyl isothiocyanate is safe and improves brain fatigue and sleep in healthy volunteers
Authors: Nakajima Ryota , Kanou Masanobu , Yamana Kei , Tokushima Masahiko , Iwama Yoshitaka
Published: April 2023

Background: This study aimed to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the effects of 6-methylsulfinylhexel isothiocyanate (6-MSITC) contained in wasabi rhizomes on brain fatigue and sleep and examine its safety through overdose study.
Methods: A total of 20 healthy volunteers who were experiencing daily fatigue were given wasabi extract powder containing 6-MSITC (4.8 mg/day of 6-MSITC) for 4 weeks. Then, fatigue, sleep, autonomic nerves, stress, and immunity were evaluated. In addition, overdose safety study of the extract powder (up to 16 mg/day of 6-MSITC for 4 weeks) was performed with 30 healthy volunteers in double-blind placebo-controlled method.
Results: Wasabi extract powder containing 6-MSITC did not improve fatigue after mental task, but fatigue before mental task, sleep and mood were improved significantly after 4 weeks intake. No changes were observed in the autonomic nerve function, stress, or immune markers. In the overdose safety study, no changes in the parameters or side effects were observed, and the results showed that overdosing on wasabi extract powder containing 6-MSITC was safe.
Conclusion: This study confirmed the possibility that wasabi extract powder containing 6-MSITC may improve brain fatigue and sleep. However, since the effectiveness evaluation in this study was a single-arm, open-label study and there was no placebo control group, these points must be considered when interpreting the results. Safety was confirmed in an overdose study of more than three times the amount compared to that in the efficacy evaluation study. In the future, further research should be conducted on brain fatigue and sleep with wasabi extract powder containing 6-MSITC.
Trial registration: UMIN clinical trial registration system, UMIN000049913. Registered 27 December 2022 Retrospectively registered, https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgiopen-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000056818
Simulation of Ch3nh3pb(I 1-x Br X ) 3 Using Copper Iodide as Efficient Htl
Authors: chaudhary srishtee , Mehra Rajesh , Raj Balwinder
Published: April 2023

This paper presents theoretical research work for device simulation of solar cells based on Methylammonium lead iodide CH3NH3Pb(I1 − XBrx)3 concentration, band offsets, and other characteristics that have an impact on efficiency. SCAPs software is utilized to model and simulate the proposed solar cell. The results obtained of the proposed solar cell design have high efficiency of 36.44%. Copper iodide (CuI) as the hole transport material and Tin oxide (SnO2F) as the transparent conducting oxide are implemented in design to analyze the characteristics of perovskite solar cells (PSC). The results demonstrate that the proposed design have identical concepts but enhanced outcome compared to the existing one. The quantum efficiency curve depicts that the perovskite material has good absorption across the full visible spectrum. CH3NH3Pb(I1 − XBrx)3 solar cells are emerging as an important renewable energy source for current and future context. Research is being carried for enhancement in solar cell designs.
The Experience of Patients with Hematological Malignancy in their Terminal Stage: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Alnaeem Mohammad M. , Shehadeh Anas , Nashwan Abdulqadir J.
Published: April 2023

Background

Patients diagnosed with hematological malignancies and residing in low-middle-income countries undergo significant physical and psychological stressors. Despite this, only a mere 16% of them receive proper care during their terminal stages. Therefore, it is crucial to gain insight into the unique experiences of this patient population.

Aim

To gain a better understanding of the needs and lived experiences of adult patients with advanced hematological malignancy in their terminal stage from a phenomenological perspective.

Methods

To collect and analyze data, a qualitative interpretive design was employed, using a phenomenological approach. The study involved in-depth interviews with ten participants aged between 36 and 76 years, utilizing an unstructured approach.

Results

The study's analysis revealed two primary themes that emerged from the participants' experiences of reaching the terminal stage of illness: "Pain, Suffering, and Distress" and "Spiritual Coping." The first theme encompassed physical and emotional pain, suffering, and distress, while the second theme centered on the participants' spiritual coping mechanisms. These coping mechanisms included seeking comfort in religious practices, relying on spiritual support from family and friends, and finding solace in their beliefs and faith.

Conclusion

Patients with hematological malignancies in their terminal stages experience significant physical and psychosocial suffering. While they require support to cope with their daily struggles, their experiences often go unnoticed, leading to disappointment and a loss of dignity. It is critical for healthcare providers to acknowledge these patients' needs and provide more organized and effective care as they approach the end of life, ensuring they receive the necessary support to achieve a peaceful death. This approach can help maintain the patient's comfort and dignity, which is of utmost importance in the terminal stages of illness.
Study of real-world optimization problems using advanced Nature Inspired Algorithms (NIA) discovered from 2019 to 2022
Authors: Rani Rekha , Jain Sarika , Garg Harish
Published: April 2023

The nature inspired algorithm (NIA) is a very essential research area that continuously facilitates finding the solution of optimization problems. NIA is one of the metaheuristic algorithm categorizations that have attracted researchers from last few decades. NIA contributes notably by dealing with many large-scale problems and attaining optimal outcomes. In this study, NIA discovered from 2019 to 2022 is listed with a brief description. The major objective of this paper is to find some best NIA for finding reasonably better solution of real-world complex optimization problems. Bearing this in mind, we have found eight common engineering problems and analyzed their solution using different NIA algorithms. Our comparative study with bibliographic analysis suggests that there are four algorithms which give us the best result for all mentioned eight engineering problems and gives us an optimal solution. This paper also gives the recent development in NIA and their application in different fields like health care, environment, industrial, commercial, machine learning and smart cities. This will support the new and developing researcher to give a broader view on NIA along with future investigation guidelines.
Ensemble learning of decomposition-based machine learning and deep learning models for multi-time step ahead streamflow forecasting in an arid region
Authors: Yang Linshan , Yu Haijiao , Feng Qi , Barzegar Rahim , Adamowski Jan F , Wen Xiaohu
Published: April 2023

As much as accurate streamflow forecasts are important and significant for arid regions, they remain deficient and challenging. An ensemble learning strategy of decomposition-based machine learning and deep learning models was proposed to forecast multi-time-step ahead streamflow for northwest China’s Dunhuang Oasis. The efficiency and reliability of a Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) ensemble strategy for 1-, 2-, and 3-day ahead streamflow forecasting was evaluated in comparison with decomposition-based machine learning and deep learning models: (i), a variational-mode-decomposition model coupled with a deep-belief-network model (VMD-DBN), (ii) a variational-mode-decomposition model coupled with a gradient-boosted-regression-tree model (VMD-GBRT), (iii) a complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise model coupled with a deep belief network model (CEEMDAN-DBN), and (iv) a complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise model with a gradient boosted regression tree coupled model (CEEMDAN-GBRT). Satisfactory forecasts were achieved with all proposed models at all lead times; however, based on Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE) values of 0.976, 0.967, and 0.957, the BMA model achieved the greatest accuracy for 1-, 2-, and 3-day ahead streamflow forecasts, respectively. Uncertainty analysis confirmed the reliability of the BMA model in yielding consistently accurate streamflow forecasts. Thus, the BMA ensemble strategy could provide an efficient alternative approach to multi-time-step ahead streamflow forecasting for areas where physically-based models cannot be used due to a lack of land surface data. The application of the BMA model was particularly valuable when the ensemble members gave equivalent satisfactory performances, making it difficult to choose amongst them.
MiRNA-103-3p targets Rab10 to activate the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway to ameliorate corticosterone-induced injury in PC12 cells
Authors: Zhang Ye-Ming , Zhang Yuan-Xiang , Lv Ye-Chao , Liu Xiao-Xu , Fan Rong , Zhang Xin
Published: April 2023

As a key regulatory molecule in neurological disorders, the mechanism by which Rab10 exerts its protective effect in neuronal cells in depression is currently unknown. This research aimed to explore the function and mechanism of action of Rab10, a gene associated with neuroprotection, by using an in vitro model of depression. PC12 cells induced by corticosterone (CORT) were used to simulate depression in vitro. The viability of PC12 cells was detected using a CCK-8 assay, and the interaction between miRNA-103-3p and Rab10 was confirmed by bioinformatics combined with double luciferase and RNA Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation (RIP) experiments. The level of miRNA-103-3p and Rab10 were detected using a quantitative PCR assay. The protein contents of Rab10, BDNF, CREB, P62, Beclin-1, Wnt3a, GSK3β, phosphorylated (p)-GSK3β, and β-catenin were detected by western blotting. The results indicated that the content of Rab10 was downregulated in CUMS rats and CORT-induced PC12 cells. Bioinformatics combined with double luciferase and RIP experiments showed that miRNA-103-3p targeted Rab10. Overexpression of Rab10 or silencing of miRNA-103-3p in CORT-induced PC12 cells activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, upregulated the contents of BDNF, CREB, and Beclin-1, but downregulated the expression of P62 protein, whereas silencing Rab10 based on silencing miRNA-103-3p reversed the effect of miRNA-103-3p. Overall, our data indicated that miRNA-103-3p targeted Rab10 to activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to increase cellular nerve plasticity and promote autophagy, thus resisting CORT-induced damage to PC12 cells.
Wenyang Yiqi Formula improves Na + /H + ion transport by inhibiting NHE3 via activation of gastrin/CCKBR pathway
Authors: Wu Bensheng , He Zongqi , Wang Xiaopeng , Zhou Qing
Published: April 2023

Background: STC is a common digestive disorder and WYF is a Chinese medicine used to treat it. NHE3 is a protein that helps absorb sodium ions and its inhibition has been linked to various diarrheal diseases. There is little research on the effects of WYF on NHE expression and the treatment of STC, and the mechanism behind it is not understood.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of the WYF on Na+/H+ ion transport in vivo and in vitro and to uncover the mechanism of the WYF in treating STC.
Methods: The effectiveness of WYF in treating STC was tested on rats with induced STC and Caco-2 cells in a laboratory setting. The study compared the impact of WYF on several factors, including the rate of intestinal transit, colon tissue pathology, characteristics of feces, and stool volume among five groups (n=6/group). The researchers also evaluated the effects of WYF on cell viability, NHE3 activity and expression, and markers in two signaling pathways (gastrin/CCKBR and PI3K/PLC/PKC).
Results: WYF improved the rate of intestinal transit and colon tissue pathology in STC rats, and reduced cell viability and NHE3 activity and expression in Caco-2 cells. The concentration of gastrin and the level of CCKBR increased with WYF treatment, while NHE3 activity had opposite trends in response to WYF and the sh-CCKBR group. Adding gastrin reversed these effects in the sh-CCKBR group. The activity of NHE3 was decreased in the WYF (20%)+gastrin (300 nmol) group, but significantly upregulated in the sh-CCKBR group with or without serum containing 20% WYF, which was reversed after adding gastrin. The ratios of p-PI3K to PI3K, p-PLC to PLC, and p-PKC to PKC in the serum containing 20% WYF were significantly increased, but decreased in the LY294002 group. After adding serum containing WYF, the reduction of these ratios was reversed. The activity of NHE3 had opposite trends to the ratios of p-PI3K to PI3K, p-PLC to PLC, and p-PKC to PKC.
Conclusion: The WYF can be used to treat STC, possibly by improving Na+/H+ ion transport through inhibiting NHE3, activating the gastrin/CCKBR pathway, and PI3K/PLC/PKC-dependent pathways.
Tobacco control measures in India: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Mahapatra Biswajit , Khatoon Sajda , Bhattacharya Paramita , Janakiram Chandrashekar , Karuveettil Vineetha , John Denny , Moinudeen Syed Abdul Khader , Mukherjee Nirmalya
Published: April 2023

Objective: The goal of this scoping review is to identify tobacco control interventions and to cover all aspects of tobacco control strategies in the Indian context.
Introduction: Tobacco use and its dependence are now treated as global epidemics and are a significant public health problem in India. Tobacco control is a top priority, both in terms of public health and poverty alleviation. Despite tobacco control policies, various tobacco products are still used in India. Previous studies lacked data on aspects of bidi smoking and smokeless tobacco (SLT) use that are more relevant in the Indian context.
Inclusion criteria: This review will consider all peer-reviewed articles and grey literature published in English language across all age groups, any form of tobacco use, and intervention related tobacco control focused on India.
Methods: The JBI methodology for scoping reviews will be used for this scoping review. Cochrane Central (Wiley), MEDLINE (PubMed), SCOPUS (Elsevier), Embase (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate), PyscINFO (EBSCO), Ovid (MEDLINE) and Web of Science (Clarivate), will be systematically searched, and a search strategy from PubMed (MEDLINE) is presented in Appendix I. The titles and abstracts of peer-reviewed and grey literature will be screened by two independent reviewers. After the final selection, the full-text screening will also be done by the reviewers. A data extraction sheet will be created using the standardised data extraction tools in JBI SUMARI and presented in Appendix II. Findings will be provided as a narrative summary with supporting tables and diagrams, on tobacco control interventions in India.
Modelling monthly trends in sunshine hours for the United Kingdom and its regions
Authors: Mills Terence C.
Published: April 2023

Since 2019 the U.K. Met Office has provided monthly observations, beginning in 1919, on hours of sunshine for the U.K. and its regions. Time series analyses of these data are reported in this paper, using a deterministic monthly trends model. For the U.K. as a whole, winter trend sunshine hours have increased by 23% from 1919 to 2022 and spring trend hours have increased by 12%. Summer and autumn trend sunshine hours, on the other hand, have increased by only 3% and 7% respectively. Consistent with this, trend increases have been significant for the months of November, December, January, and February and also for April and July, but June has seen a significant decline in trend sunshine hours. Analysis of the regional data reveals a rich pattern of trend behaviours. The winter months have typically seen the largest increase in trend sunshine hours, the summer months the smallest, with Northern Ireland and the Scottish regions all experiencing falls in trend sunshine in June. The eastern regions have generally seen the largest increases in trend sunshine hours, often being associated with quadratic trends, the western and outlying regions the smallest.
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: Usage in Households during COVID-19 Pandemic, Boon, or Bane?
Authors: Sharma Anuradha , Singh Neelam , Thomas Anna , Shrivastava Priyanshu Kumar , Sharma Aditi
Published: April 2023

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) have been used as disinfectants and as components in various household items since long. The furore and panic created during the COVID-19 pandemic triggered an unprecedented increase in their usage in health-care facilities as well as in households. This narrative attempts to explore the usage of various QACs in households during the pandemic and delve into the increased exposure and consequent health outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was performed on various databases to include the studies conducted on QACs since 2019. Multiple studies reported an increase in the exposure to QACs during the pandemic and this surge was reflected as adverse effects in human beings as well as the environment – cytological aberrations, intoxication, and damage to aquatic life being the main-stays.
An Analysis to Determine the Availability and Accessibility of Safe Drinking Water and Proper Sanitation Facilities in Government Degree Colleges of Bandipora District in Kashmir Division
Authors: Ashraf Yasir , Kumar S. Sampath
Published: April 2023

Aims and Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the availability and accessibility of safe drinking water and sanitation facilities among undergraduate colleges of Bandipora district of Kashmir. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in the Hassan Shah Khuehami Memorial Government degree college of Bandipora area and Government degree college of Sumbal area of Bandipora district in Kashmir, India. The study covered 404 Muslim girl’s participants who were drawn from their graduate 2nd and 3rd years. The information was collected by circulating the pre-tested structured questionnaire containing demographic profile and availability, and accessibility of safe drinking water and sanitation facilities in the colleges. Results: Analysis based on age revealed that more than half of participants belonged up to 20 years of age. Less than three-fourths study in the 3rd year and the remaining students were in the 2nd year. A little more than 50% of girls were from nuclear families as high as 80% were from rural backgrounds. The economic status informed that the monthly household income ranged from Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 30,000 and the majority of the parents had school education completed and accordingly employed on wage earnings. With regard to accessibility and availability of safe drinking water and sanitation facilities as high as 90% of the girls opined that they did not have girl-friendly washrooms and were overcrowded and unhygienic. More than three-fourths of the participants expressed that they do not have access to disposal facilities for used sanitary materials, neither incinerators nor any other proper disposal facilities and no space for washing the stained clothes, though more than 90% held that direct tap water for drinking is available. It is to be tested whether the direct tap water is safe without any contamination. The study suggested that safe drinking water and proper facilities for handling menstruation at the educational institutions are the mandatory basic needs, in which the management has to be doubly careful and provide such facilities. Conclusion: More number of girls considered lack of infrastructural facilities to be major hurdle in meeting their higher educational needs. Colleges lacked adequate availability of separate toilets for girls, with no proper sanitation facilities. Inadequate facilities of proper sanitation inside the girls toilets were reported to be a strong reason for girls drop-out.
Where the Glass Ceiling Cracks: Features of Organizations Where Women Rise to the Top
Authors: Harris Dawn , Norlander Peter
Published: April 2023

Tracking a subset of firms with 20 percent or greater representation of women in top executive roles in the year 2000, we report that these firms continue to have a higher than average percentage of women in top executive roles in 2015. Gaps in the pipeline, even at these best practice firms, suggest more needs to be done to ensure a steady flow of future women leaders. Executives at these best practice firms report that sponsorship from top leadership has been key to their high levels of women in senior roles. We discuss the implications of these findings for the progress of women in the pipeline and argue that firm-level commitments to diversity by top corporate leaders are essential for further progress.
Net Zero/Net Zero Carbon Emission
Authors: Adnan Shah Ali , . Akanksha
Published: April 2023

Every other day we hear about environmental and climate issues and the effect of global warming or carbon emission. Many companies are shifting their concerns from making profits to making sustainable profits. The idea of saving the environment has propelled many start-ups also. Organizations worldwide are concerned about the consequences of wasting natural resources and trying their best to find a solution as soon as possible. The Paris Agreement and the Net Zero Coalition are some of the treaties the UN organization is trying to implement. The problem is that some people are ignoring climate change altogether or still think this is not a big concern. So, this article answers the following questions: what is net zero or net zero emission, how does it create an impact on our lives, and what, as an individual, do we could do about it?
Análise computadorizada do sorriso em Ortodontia
Authors: Luiz Vicente de Moura LOPES  , Simone Regina STASZAK  , Alexandre MORO  , Mike dos Reis BUENO
Published: April 2023

A procura pelo tratamento ortodôntico está, na maioria das vezes,relacionada a motivos estéticos. Um belo sorriso é de extremo valorperante a sociedade de hoje. Estabelecer elementos de diagnóstico eplanejamento, visando buscar um sorriso harmonioso e bembalanceado, tornou-se uma obrigação nos consultórios de Odontologia.A estética do sorriso baseia-se numa avaliação não apenas dos tecidosósseos, mas também da sua relação com os tecidos tegumentares. Umaboa maneira para obter essa avaliação é fazendo uso da fotografia.Com base nesse contexto, este trabalho tem por objetivo uma análisede fotografias computadorizadas, padronizadas, do sorriso máximo,em pacientes do sexo masculino, como complemento à documentaçãoortodôntica, para auxiliar não somente no diagnóstico e planejamento,mas também na avaliação dos resultados obtidos. As fotografias foramproduzidas na posição natural da cabeça, e sobre elas foram realizadasmedidas lineares, angulares e proporcionais por meio do métodocomputadorizado (programa CEFX2001 – CDT). A amostra consistiuem 28 pacientes, do sexo masculino, com idade entre 19 e 25 anos, com oclusão de classe I, não tratados ortodonticamente. Foramobtidos os valores das estatísticas descritivas e da análise do erro.Os resultados foram comparados aos valores encontrados naliteratura, assim como aos alcançados numa análise com amostrasdo sexo feminino, utilizando-se o mesmo programa computadorizadoCEFX2001. Os resultados foram semelhantes aos valoresencontrados na literatura e nas amostras do sexo feminino.
Antimicrobial activity of chlorophyll-based solution on Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Lilian Eiko MAEKAWA  , Roberta LAMPING  , Sidnei MARCACCI  , Marcos Yasunori MAEKAWA  , Maria Renata Giazzi NASSRI  , Cristiane Yumi KOGA-ITO
Published: April 2023

Chlorophyll is a phytotherapic substance that presents curingproperties, however it is rarely used in Dentistry. Objective: Objective to analyzethe antimicrobial activity of a chlorophyll-based solution on isolatesof Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis by agar dilution method.Material and Methods: oral isolates and Material and Methods Candida albicans referencestrain (ATCC 18804) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) wereincluded in the study. Chlorophyll extract was diluted in Sabourauddextrose or brain heart infusion (BHI) agar, according to the testingmicroorganism and poured in Petri plates, obtaining the finalconcentrations of 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6%, 3% and 1.5%. C. albicansand E. faecalis strains were plated with the aid of a Steers’ inoculator.Plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 h for C. albicans and at 5% CO2for E. faecalis. The experiments were performed in duplicate. Results: the results showed that the concentrations 50% and 25% chlorophyllextract were effective against C. albicans. E. faecalis grew in thepresence of all the concentrations. Conclusion: Conclusion: Conclusion: chlorophyll-basedsolution presents effective antimicrobial activity of C. albicans but didnot present any activity on E. faecalis.
Utilização de registros odontológicos para identificação humana
Authors: Rhonan Ferreira da SILVA  , Mauro Machado do PRADO  , Ana Amélia BARBIERI  , Eduardo DARUGE JÚNIOR
Published: April 2023

Introdução e objetivo: O presente texto consiste em uma análisesobre a utilização de registros odontológicos para a identificaçãode cadáveres carbonizados, putrefeitos ou esqueletizados, combase na aplicação prática em caso pericial. Relato do caso: Vítimade acidente de trânsito foi identificada positivamente com baseem dados registrados em ficha clínica e radiografias periapicais,diante da impossibilidade de uma identificação por impressõesdigitais. Conclusão: A análise do caso aponta os registrosodontológicos e exames complementares radiográficos comorelevantes para se chegar a uma identificação positiva. Tais dadosservem como importante contribuição/subsídio ou mesmoreferência principal/única para a solução de questões legais, comocasos diversos de identificação humana.
An Update on Parkinson’s Disease and its Neurodegenerative
Counterparts
Authors: Adam Hussaini , Gopinath Subash C.B. , Arshad M.K. Md , Adam Tijjani , Subramaniam Sreeramanan , Hashim Uda
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Neurodegenerative disorders are a group of diseases that cause
nerve cell degeneration in the brain, resulting in a variety of symptoms and are not treatable
with drugs. Parkinson's disease (PD), prion disease, motor neuron disease (MND),
Huntington's disease (HD), spinal cerebral dyskinesia (SCA), spinal muscle atrophy (SMA),
multiple system atrophy, Alzheimer's disease (AD), spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA)
(ALS), pantothenate kinase-related neurodegeneration, and TDP-43 protein disorder are
examples of neurodegenerative diseases. Dementia is caused by the loss of brain and spinal
cord nerve cells in neurodegenerative diseases.

Background:

Even though environmental and genetic predispositions have also been involved
in the process, redox metal abuse plays a crucial role in neurodegeneration since
the preponderance of symptoms originates from abnormal metal metabolism.

Method:

Hence, this review investigates several neurodegenerative diseases that may occur
symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease to understand the differences and similarities
between Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders based on reviewing
previously published papers.

Results:

Based on the findings, the aggregation of alpha-synuclein occurs in Parkinson’s
disease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Other neurodegenerative
diseases occur with different protein aggregation or mutations

Conclusion:

We can conclude that Parkinson's disease, Multiple system atrophy, and Dementia
with Lewy bodies are closely related. Therefore, researchers must distinguish
among the three diseases to avoid misdiagnosis of Multiple System Atrophy and Dementia
with Lewy bodies with Parkinson's disease symptoms.
The Applications of 2D Materials for Electrochemical Biosensing, Drug Delivery, and Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Singh Nandita , Gupta Dimpi , Pratap Azad Uday , Kumar Singh Ashish , Kumar Singh Sunil , Singh Suryabhan , Pratap Singh Divya
Published: April 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials (NMs) have diverse mechanical, chemical and op-tical properties due to which they have received a lot of attention in various fields such as biosen-sors, imaging, tissue engineering, drug delivery, etc. A thorough understanding of the synthetic pro-cedure, physical properties and electrochemical properties of 2D materials will be quite useful in the development of novel and high-efficient electrocatalysts for the electroanalytical application of our interest. This review article summarises the synthesis and application of graphene, graphitic carbon nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides and phosphorene for electrochemical biosensing, drug de-livery application and environmental monitoring. Numerous synthetic approaches which have been adopted to synthesize the 2D materials have been covered and discussed. Also, the reasons behind the catalytic activity of various types of 2D materials and their application as electrode modifier for the development of an efficient biosensor for the point-of-care analysis of biomolecule and drug de-livery and environmental monitoring have been discussed in detail. This review article will give valuable information and future insights to the researchers working in the field of biosensor, drug delivery and environmental monitoring. We anticipate that this review may be of significance for the field to understand the properties as well as the electroanalytical applications of 2D materials, especially in biosensing, drug and environmental monitoring.
Multicomponent Reactions Applied to Total Synthesis of Biologically
Active Molecules: A Short Review
Authors: dos Santos Juliana A. , de Castro Pedro P. , de Oliveira Kleber T. , Brocksom Timothy J. , Amarante Giovanni W.
Published: April 2023

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are processes in which three or more starting materials
are combined in the same reaction vessel, forming an adduct that contains all or most of the
atoms of the starting materials. MCRs are one-pot processes that provide attractive advantages for
the total synthesis of target molecules. These reactions allow rapid access to structurally complex
adducts from particularly simple starting materials. Moreover, MCRs are generally intrinsically associated
with principles of green syntheses, such as atom economy, minimization of isolation, and
purification of synthetic intermediates, leading to large solvent economies and avoiding the production
of large amounts of reaction waste. Thus, synthetic routes employing multicomponent reactions
are generally more convergent, economical and often allow higher overall yields. In total synthesis,
the use of MCRs has been mainly applied in the preparation of key advanced intermediates. Progress
in the use of MCRs in total synthesis has been described over the last decades, including not
only classical MCRs reactions (e.g. isocyanide-based transformations), but also non-traditional multicomponent
reactions. Furthermore, reports concerning stereoselective multicomponent transformations
are still scarce and present further development opportunities. This review aims to provide a
general overview of the application of MCRs as key steps in the rapid preparation of structurally
complex derivatives and fine chemicals. In special, some selected examples have been successfully
applied for medicinal purposes. Finally, in some representative cases, either key intermediates formed
during the reaction vessel or corresponding transition states have been disclosed in order to
provide insights into the reaction mechanisms.
Role of the Pharmacist in the Management of Polypharmacy and Drug
Interactions in the Elderly Patient with Chemotherapy
Authors: de Souza Silvania Maria Saldanha , Soares José Cleberson Santos , Cavalcanti Iago Dillion Lima
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

This study aimed to review the role of the pharmacist in cases of polypharmacy
in the care of elderly patients with cancer.

Methods:

An narrative literature review was carried out using the descriptors "Polypharmacy", "Pharmacological
interactions", "Geriatrics" and "Antineoplastic agents", in the ScienceDirect, MEDLINE,
and CAPLUS databases.

Results:

One hundred and ten articles were identified, of which 82 were included in this review. The
articles showed the importance of evaluating drug interactions in the treatment of cancer in oncogeriatric
patients due to the high amount of drugs that these patients use, which can exceed 6 drugs per day,
and that these interactions can compromise the treatment of the patient, as well as induce serious toxic
effects, causing the patient to be hospitalized or even die.

Conclusion:

The inclusion of the pharmacist in the care of oncogeriatric patients reduces the risk of
interaction through pharmacotherapeutic monitoring.
Combinations of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis and Full-field Digital
Mammography for Different Density Types of Breasts
Authors: Chen Qiong , Pan Xing , Xu Junfeng , Ying Weifeng , Hou Yuyu , Lu Ming , An Dongqin , Peng Weijun
Published: April 2023

Background:

The combination of FFDM and DBT can significantly improve the diagnostic efficiency of breast cancer, but with the increase of breast radiation absorbed dose.

Objectives:

To compare and analyze the radiation dose and diagnostic performance of different mammography positions combinations of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and full-field digital mammography (FFDM) for different density types of breasts.

Methods:

This retrospective study involved 1,195 patients who underwent simultaneous breast DBT and FFDM. The mammography combinations were Group A, FFDM(CC+MLO); Group B, FDM(CC)+DBT(MLO); Group C, FFDM(MLO)+DBT(CC); Group D, DBT(CC+MLO); and Group E, FFDM(CC+MLO)+DBT(CC+MLO). An intergroup comparative analysis of radiation dose and diagnostic performance of different combinations of mammography positions for different breast density types was performed using the pathologic and 24-month follow-up results as the diagnostic basis.

Results:

Overall, 2,403 mammograms indicated 477 cases of non-dense breast tissues and 1,926 cases of dense breast tissues. Differences in the mean radiation dose for each non-dense and dense breast group were statistically significant. The areas under the diagnostic receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the non-dense breast group were not statistically significant. In the dense breast group, the z-values were 1.623 (p = 0.105) and 1.724 (p = 0.085) for the area under the ROC curve in Group C compared with Groups D and E, respectively, and 0.724 (p = 0.469) when comparing Group D with Group E. The differences between the remaining groups were statistically significant.

result:

Overall, 2403 mammograms revealed 477 cases of nondense breast tissues (including 24 malignant lesions) and 1926 cases of dense breast tissues (including 156 malignant lesions). Differences in the mean radiation dose values for each nondense and dense breast group were statistically significant. The areas under the diagnostic receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the nondense breast group were not statistically significant. In the dense breast group, compared with groups D and E, the z-values were 1.623 (p = 0.105) and 1.724 (p = 0.085) for the area under the ROC curve in group C, respectively; compared group D with E, the value was 0.724 (p = 0.469). The differences between the remaining groups were statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Group A had the lowest radiation dose and no significant difference in diagnostic performance compared with the other non-dense breast groups. Group C had high diagnostic performance in the dense breast group considering the low radiation dose.
CT and MRI Features of Chondrosarcoma in the Mastoid Involving the Facial
Nerve in Comparison to Facial Nerve Schwannoma
Authors: Liu Jun-hua , Qi Meng , Sha Yan , Zhang Fang
Published: April 2023

Background:

Chondrosarcoma in the mastoid is extremely rare, and it is easily misdiagnosed as a facial nerve schwannoma.

Objective:

To identify and compare computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of chondrosarcoma in the mastoid involving the facial nerve, including diffusion-weighted MRI characteristics, with those of facial nerve schwannoma.

Methods:

CT and MRI features of 11 chondrosarcomas in the mastoid involving the facial nerve and 15 facial nerve schwannomas, confirmed by histopathology, were retrospectively reviewed. The tumor location, size, morphological features, bone change, calcification, signal intensity, texture, enhancement characteristics, the extent of lesions, and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were evaluated.

Results:

On CT imaging, calcification could be found in 81.8% of chondrosarcomas (9/11) and 33.3% of facial nerve schwannomas (5/15). Chondrosarcoma in the mastoid appeared significantly hyperintense on T2-weighted images (T2WI) with low signal intensity septa in eight patients (72.7%, 8/11). After contrast, all chondrosarcomas showed inhomogeneous enhancement, and septal and peripheral enhancement could be found in six cases (54.5%, 6/11). Facial nerve schwannoma demonstrated inhomogeneous hyperintensity on T2WI in 12 cases (80%, 12/15), with obvious hyperintense cystic changes in seven cases. There were significant differences in calcification (P=0.014), T2 signal intensity (P=0.006), and septal and peripheral enhancement (P=0.001) between chondrosarcomas and facial nerve schwannomas. The ADCs of chondrosarcoma were significantly higher than those of facial nerve schwannomas (P<0.001).

Conclusion:

CT and MRI with ADCs had the potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy of chondrosarcoma in the mastoid involving the facial nerve.