bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes of patients with T4 or N1b well-differentiated thyroid cancer after different strategies of adjuvant radioiodine therapy
Authors: Jeong Shin Young , Lee Sang-Woo , Kim Wan Wook , Jung Jin Hyang , Lee Won Kee , Ahn Byeong-Cheol , Lee Jaetae
Published: April 2019

We aimed to determine whether recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) plus 3.7 GBq could replace thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) plus 5.55 GBq for adjuvant radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with T4 or N1b disease. This study was a retrospective study comparing ablation success rate, response to initial therapy, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients with rhTSH plus 3.7 GBq versus those with THW plus 5.55 GBq in 253 DTC patients with T4 or N1b disease. There were no differences in the TSH-stimulated thyroglobulin level, rate of incomplete response after initial treatment, or the RFS between the two treatment strategies. However, thyroid bed uptake on follow-up diagnostic RAI whole-body scanning (WBS) was more frequently observed in the group treated with rhTSH plus 3.7 GBq than in the group with THW plus 5.55 GBq. Adjuvant RAI therapy with rhTSH plus 3.7 GBq had comparable results in the absence of persistent tumor, compared with that with THW plus 5.55 GBq. Although thyroid bed uptake was more frequently observed, rhTSH plus 3.7 GBq may be used instead of THW plus 5.55 GBq for adjuvant RAI therapy in patients with T4 or N1b disease.
Smart Gating Membranes with Responsive Nanogels as Functional Gates
Authors: Xie Rui , Chu Liang-Yin
Published: April 2019

Smart gating membranes, as emerging artificial biomimetic membranes, have the ability to self-adjust their permeable and separative features in response to stimuli from the environment. Until now, the simple creation of smart or intelligent gating membranes possessing synchronous large flux, and strong mechanical strength as well as significant responsive characteristics was thought to be very challenging. In this chapter, a new strategy for the easy and controllable production of satisfactorily-performing smart gating membranes, through the construction of response nanogels in situ in the surfaces of membrane pores by virtue of a vapor-induced phase separation process, is designed and developed. Taking poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) nanogels as functional gates, the available thermo-responsive smart membranes exhibit large flux, an excellent mechanical property and significant thermo-responsive characteristics simultaneously. Meanwhile, the resultant novel thermo-responsive catalytic membranes with silver-nanoparticle-loaded PNIPAM nanogels as thermo-responsive gates and catalysts show both satisfactory thermo-responsive characteristics and catalytic properties. Such catalytic membranes are able to adjust the throughput in light of the feed reactant concentration and maintain high catalytic conversion in the meantime through alteration of the reaction temperature. The outcomes offer valuable instructions for the design and production or even high-volume manufacture of smart membranes with an expected performance. The new strategy suggested is applicable to producing diverse functional materials with pores modified by responsive or non-responsive nanoparticles in diverse utilizations.
DNA-sandwich Gated Membranes
Authors: Olave B. , Schäfer T.
Published: April 2019

Despite consisting only of up to four different nucleotides as molecular building blocks, nucleic acids offer a surprising range of opportunities for molecular recognition and actuation based on conformational changes. This chapter will show the potential of nucleic acids as receptors and actuators in gating membranes, while critically discussing current challenges.
Flexible films enabled by coordination polymer nanoarchitectonics
Authors: Dang Qi , Zhang Wei , Li Xin , Hu Ming
Published: April 2019

Nanoarchitectonics help coordination polymer to overcome their intrinsic brittleness and become flexible films which can be used in wide applications.
A turn-on near-infrared fluorescent probe with rapid response and large Stokes shift for the selective and sensitive detection of zinc(ii) and its application in living cells
Authors: Zhang Weixia , Jin Xinxin , Chen Wei , Jiang Chunhui , Lu Hongfei
Published: April 2019

Herein, a new near-infrared turn-on fluorescent probe, YPT, was designed and synthesized for the rapid detection of Zn2+, which exhibited low limit of detection for Zn2+ (12 nM) as well as a favorable large Stokes shift (λem − λex = 168 nm).
Online determination of chemical and physical properties of poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) pellets using a novel method of near-infrared spectroscopy combined with angle transformation
Authors: Xie Jinchun , Yuan Hongfu , Song Chunfeng , Yan Xiangjun , Yan Hao , Li Xiaoyu
Published: April 2019

Melt flow rate (MFR) and vinyl acetate content (VAC) are the target parameters for quality control of poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) (EVA) pellets in production processes.
Aerobic oxygenation catalyzed by first row transition metal complexes coordinated by tetradentate mono-carbon bridged bis-phenanthroline ligands: intra- versus intermolecular carbon–hydrogen bond activation
Authors: Shen Kaiji , Diskin-Posner Yael , Shimon Linda J. W. , Leitus Gregory , Carmieli Raanan , Neumann Ronny
Published: April 2019

Intra- and intermolecular aerobic oxygenation is initiated by activation of carbon–hydrogen bonds and/or O2 and propagated by an autoxidation pathway.
Progressive stress response of the anaerobic granular sludge to nickel nanoparticles: experimental investigations and mathematic modelling
Authors: He Chuan-Shu , Huang Liang , Ding Rong-Rong , Yang Hou-Yun , Wang Yi-Xuan , Li Jie , Mu Yang
Published: April 2019

Long-term exposure to Ni-NPs induced progressive and unrecoverable inhibition of the activity of the AGS.
TBHP promoted demethylation of α-amino carbonyl compounds: a concise approach to substituted γ-lactams
Authors: Peng Xue , Wang Hui-Hong , Cao Fei , Zhang Hong-Hua , Lu Ying-Mei , Hu Xiao-Ling , Tan Wen , Wang Zhen
Published: April 2019

A novel tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) promoted CH2-extrusion reaction of α-amino carbonyl compounds has been developed, which is driven by a demethylenation process to give various ring contraction products γ-lactams under radical conditions.
Synthesis of a one-handed helical polythiophene: a new approach using an axially chiral bithiophene with a fixed syn-conformation
Authors: Ikai Tomoyuki , Takayama Kokoro , Wada Yuya , Minami Serena , Apiboon Chanokporn , Shinohara Ken-ichi
Published: April 2019

An optically active polythiophene, which can fold into a one-handed helical conformation under good solvent conditions, has been developed.
A rhodium catalyzed cycloisomerization and tandem Diels–Alder reaction for facile access to diverse bicyclic and tricyclic heterocycles
Authors: Zhou Yirong , Nikbakht Ali , Bauer Felix , Breit Bernhard
Published: April 2019

A rhodium catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1,6-allenenes successfully prepared six-membered ring exocyclic 1,3-dienes. Further tandem Diels–Alder reaction with various dienophiles provided diverse bicyclic and tricyclic heterocycles. This methodology is characterised by complete atom and step economy, low catalyst loading, and excellent chemo-, regio-, and diastereoselectivity.
The role of structural anisotropy in the magnetooptical response of an organoferrogel with mobile magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Nádasi Hajnalka , Corradi Áurea , Stannarius Ralf , Koch Karin , Schmidt Annette M. , Aya Satoshi , Araoka Fumito , Eremin Alexey
Published: April 2019

We investigate the structure and the magnetooptical response of isotropic and anisotropic fibrillous organoferrogels with mobile magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs).
Morphology control towards a greener, non-halogenated solvent system processed CH3NH3PbI3 film for high performance perovskite solar cells
Authors: Tan Wan-Yi , Cheng Peng-Peng , Zhang Yong-Wen , Liang Jia-Ming , Chen Xudong , Liu Yidong , Min Yong
Published: April 2019

The development of green anti-solvent engineering on the NMP-processed CH3NH3PbI3 to achieve a good film quality by forming a two-layer structured perovskite.
Minimizing geminate recombination losses in small-molecule-based organic solar cells
Authors: Sandoval-Torrientes Rafael , Gavrik Alexey , Isakova Anna , Abudulimu Abasi , Calbo Joaquín , Aragó Juan , Santos José , Ortí Enrique , Martín Nazario , Dyakonov Vladimir , Lüer Larry
Published: April 2019

Geminate recombination rates are successfully predicted for series of small-molecule bulk heterojunction solar cells applying the Marcus–Levich–Jortner equation.
Anisotropic imaging for the highly efficient crystal orientation determination of two-dimensional materials
Authors: Huang Kai-xuan , Gao Xiao-guang , Hao Bing-jie , Zhou Xiu-xian , Li Zhan , Su Bao-wang , Li Xiao-kuan , Chen Guo-xing , Luo Rong-hui , Liu Zhi-bo , Tian Jian-guo
Published: April 2019

An anisotropic imaging technique was used to determine the crystal orientation and observe the optical anisotropy of two-dimensional materials.
Long-term photometric monitoring of the dwarf planet (136472) Makemake
Authors: Hromakina T. A. , Belskaya I. N. , Krugly Yu. N. , Shevchenko V. G. , Ortiz J. L. , Santos-Sanz P. , Duffard R. , Morales N. , Thirouin A. , Inasaridze R. Ya. , Ayvazian V. R. , Zhuzhunadze V. T. , Perna D. , Rumyantsev V. V. , Reva I. V. , Serebryanskiy A. V. , Sergeyev A. V. , Molotov I. E. , Voropaev V. A. , Velichko S. F.
Published: April 2019

Aims. We studied the rotational properties of the dwarf planet Makemake.

Methods. The photometric observations were carried out at different telescopes between 2006 and 2017. Most of the measurements were acquired in BVRI broad-band filters of a standard Johnson-Cousins photometric system.

Results. We found that Makemake rotates more slowly than was previously reported. A possible lightcurve asymmetry suggests a double-peaked period of P = 22.8266 ± 0.0001 h. A small peak-to-peak lightcurve amplitude in R-filter A = 0.032 ± 0.005 mag implies an almost spherical shape or near pole-on orientation. We also measured BVRI colours and the R-filter phase-angle slope and revised the absolute magnitudes. The absolute magnitude of Makemake has remained unchanged since its discovery in 2005. No direct evidence of a newly discovered satellite was found in our photometric data; however, we discuss the possible existence of another larger satellite.
Highlights from the STAR experiment
Authors: Aparin Alexey
Published: April 2019

We present an overview of the recent results obtained by the STAR Collaboration at RHIC.We report the beam energy dependence of directed flow of strange particles. These results support the assumption, that directed flow is formed before hadronization and observed particles are formed via coalescence of constituent quarks. First evidence of a non-zero directed flow of D0 meson is reported. We present the precision measurement of elliptic flow of D0 meson and the first measurement of Λc baryon in Au+Au collisions at $\rad{}{s_{NN} } = 200\,{\rm{GeV}}$, which suggests thermalization of charm quarks. We report results of global Λ polarization measurements in Au+Au collisions, together with the investigation of polarization dependence of centrality and transverse momentum pT. Results from the STAR fixed-target program show good agreement with previously obtained results. A precise measurement of the $_{{\rm{\Lambda }}}^{3} H$ lifetime is presented. Mesonic decay modes are used to reconstruct the $_{{\rm{\Lambda }}}^{3} H$ from Au+Au collisions. The measured lifetime is about 50% shorter than the one of a free Λ, indicating a strong hyperon-nucleon interaction in the hypernucleus system. Finally, we give an outlook to detector upgrades for the Beam Energy Scan phase II.
Interplay between electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler-Townes effect in fivelevel atomic systems
Authors: Tiaz Gul , Ghafoor Fazal , Nazmitdinov Rashid , Shahalyev Ehtiram
Published: April 2019

We analyse the evolution of a weak probe optical field propagation through a five-level atomic medium cyclically driven by two strong optical and microwave fields. It is shown that the competition between the electromagnetically induced transparency and the Autler-Townes effect can be controlled by altering the relative phase of the coupling fields in the presence of the atomic dephasing reservoir.
Monte Carlo track structure simulation in studies of biological effects induced by accelerated charged particles in the central nervous system
Authors: Batmunkh Munkhbaatar , Bayarchimeg Lkhagvaa , Bugay Aleksandr N. , Lkhagva Oidov
Published: April 2019

Simulating the biological damage induced by charged particles trajectories (tracks) in the central nervous system (CNS) at different levels of its organization (molecular, cellular, and tissue) is a challenge of modern radiobiology studies. According to the recent experimental studies at particle accelerators, the most radiation-sensitive area of the CNS is the hippocampus. In this regards, the development of measurement-based Monte Carlo simulation of radiation-induced alterations in the hippocampus is of great interest to understand the radiobiological effects on the CNS. The present work investigates the influence of charged particles on the hippocampal cells of the rat brain using the Geant4 Monte Carlo radiation transport code. The applied computer simulation provides a method to simulate physics processes and chemical reactions in the developed model of the rat hippocampus, which contains different types of neural cells - pyramidal cells, mature and immature granular cells, mossy cells, and neural stem cells. The distribution of stochastic energy depositions has been obtained and analyzed in critical structures of the hippocampal neurons after irradiation with 600 MeV/u iron particles. The computed energy deposition in irradiated hippocampal neurons following a track of iron ion suggests that most of the energy is accumulated by granular cells. The obtained quantities at the level of molecular targets also assume that NMDA and GABA receptors belong to the most probable targets in the irradiated neural cells.
The possibility of studying polarization observables in reactions of the production of pions by polarized beams of protons and deuterons at the JINR LHEP
Authors: Litvinenko Anatoliy
Published: April 2019

Along with studying the properties of strongly excited hadronic matter at high densities of the baryon charge, studies with polarized protons and deuterons are planned at the LHEP accelerator complex (see [1–3]). The purpose of this note is to analyze the possibility of obtaining new experimental data, based on the presence of beams of polarized protons and deuterons. In addition, the use of extracted beams of tensor-polarized deuterons to study the structure of the deuteron at small internucleon distances is discussed.
Forme adulte de la maladie de Pompe : les leçons du Myozyme®
Authors: Laforêt Pascal
Published: April 2019

L’alglucosidase alfa ou Myozyme® reste le premier médicament innovant disponible pour traiter une myopathie de l’adulte. Cette expérience originelle est riche d’enseignements tant sur le plan de la recherche que de la pratique clinique. Méthodologie des essais, mise en œuvre du traitement au sein d’un service hospitalier, contribution du registre des patients, dans tous ces domaines l’expérience acquise peut être capitalisée pour préparer l’arrivée d’autres innovations thérapeutiques.
Syndromes myasthéniques congénitaux: Le repositionnement ne simplifie pas de facto l’accès
Authors: Eymard Bruno
Published: April 2019

Salbutamol, éphédrine, anticholinestérasiques ou encore quinidine, différents médicaments sur le marché depuis longtemps sont aujourd’hui prescrits aussi dans les syndromes myasthéniques congénitaux, avec une efficacité remarquable. Ils ont transformé la prise en charge et le pronostic. Reste que les obtenir relève pour le patient et son médecin d’un parcours semé de nombreux obstacles.
Anticiper le changement et les risques chez l’adulte
Authors: Antoine Jean-Christophe
Published: April 2019

Utiliser des médicaments novateurs en post-autorisation de mise sur le marché chez l’adulte ou chez l’enfant ne présente pas de différence, si ce n’est quantitative. Les adultes représentent en effet près de 80 % des patients atteints de maladies neuromusculaires. Leur prise en charge thérapeutique nécessitera donc de changer d’échelle, une nouvelle donne aux implications multiples.
Un point de vue institutionnel
Authors: Belcastro Jonathan
Published: April 2019

Le chemin qui conduit à la mise à disposition d’une innovation thérapeutique dans les services hospitaliers, où les patients pourront en bénéficier, supporte de nombreux ralentissements. Administrations, professionnels de santé, industriels et patients, nous avons tous notre part de responsabilité dans cette inertie, mais aussi des propositions à faire pour que s’accélère l’accès aux médicaments innovants.
Le(s) long(s) parcours de la mise sur le marché des médicaments
Authors: Duguet Christophe
Published: April 2019

Entre le premier essai clinique d’un médicament en développement et sa commercialisation, la route est longue et semée d’embûches. De raccourcis en itinéraire bis, d’évaluations rendues publiques en négociations sécrètes, ce dédale réglementaire paraît aussi hermétique que rébarbatif au néophyte. Il a pourtant des impacts très concrets sur l’accès des malades aux thérapies innovantes.
Nusinersen chez l’enfant : évolution ou révolution ?
Authors: Richelme Christian
Published: April 2019

Le nusinersen ou Spinraza® est utilisé en France dans l’amyotrophie spinale infantile chez l’enfant depuis un peu plus d’un an seulement. Des données personnelles, évidemment très préliminaires, apporte de premiers arguments sur son intérêt dans la prise en charge de la maladie. Les échanges réguliers avec ceux de nos collègues pédiatres européens qui délivrent également ce traitement complètent cette vision parcellaire.
Large deviation estimates for branching random walks
Authors: Buraczewski Dariusz , Maślanka Mariusz
Published: April 2019

For the branching random walk drifting to −∞ we study large deviations-type estimates for the first passage time. We prove the corresponding law of large numbers and the central limit theorem.
Medizinische Datenhaltung – Ansatz, Konzepte, strategische und operative Implikationen
Authors: Schönermark Matthias
Published: April 2019

Die Erfassung, Auswertung und Bewirtschaftung klinischer Daten mittels elektronischer Anwendungen hat in der Medizin bereits eine weite Verbreitung gefunden. Der Digitalisierung von Patientenakten werden signifikante Effizienz- und Effektivitätspotenziale beigemessen, die auch dazu führen, dass seitens des Gesetzgebers und der Selbstverwaltungsorgane zahlreiche Initiativen gestartet wurden, um möglichst in naher Zukunft eine flächendeckende Etablierung von elektronischen Patientenakten in den klinischen Entitäten sicherzustellen. Gleichwohl liegen die deutschen Krankenhäuser und Praxen im internationalen Vergleich weit zurück. Der folgende Artikel beschreibt die Prinzipien der elektronischen medizinischen Datenhaltung und erläutert die verschiedenen Ansätze, die im internationalen Kontext verfolgt werden. Darüber hinaus wird diskutiert, wie mithilfe elektronischer Datenerfassungs- und Bewirtschaftungssysteme Wert im Sinne von höherer Versorgungsqualität oder von geringeren Versorgungskosten geschaffen werden kann. Und schließlich werden die strategischen und operativen Implikationen abgeleitet und konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen gegeben, wie die Einführung einer organisationsweiten elektronischen Patientenakte optimal gestaltet werden kann.
Hörimplantate im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung
Authors: Olze Heidi , Uecker Florian , Häußler Sophia , Knopke Steffen , Szczepek Agnieszka , Gräbel Stefan
Published: April 2019

Die Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre haben gezeigt, dass die Rehabilitation mit Hörimplantaten in der HNO-Heilkunde ein Bereich mit höchstem Entwicklungs- und Innovationspotenzial ist. Neue, bzw. erweiterte Indikationen gingen dabei einher mit Entwicklungen im Bereich der Implantate, neuen OP-Techniken und entsprechend angepassten Rehabilitationsstrategien.

Die wachsende Anzahl von Menschen mit Hörstörungen, die erweiterten Indikationen und die daraus resultierende steigende Anzahl CI-Versorgter, sowie die Notwendigkeit der lebenslangen CI Nachsorge sind vor dem Hintergrund begrenzter Ressourcen eine große Herausforderung. Um diese zu bewältigen und zu gestalten, bedarf es neben einer engen interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit und kontinuierlichen Weiterentwicklung der Therapie auch ganz neuer Strategien. Hier kommt der Digitalisierung all dieser Prozesse eine Schlüsselrolle zu.

In diesem Referat werden die aktuellen Entwicklungen aus dem Blickwinkel einer Cochlea-Implantat (CI) versorgenden Klinik dargestellt und besprochen. Das Referat illustriert vielfältige digitale Anwendungen, die in allen Phasen der CI Versorgung zum Einsatz kommen können, angefangen von der Patienteninformation über Möglichkeiten des Hör-Screenings und die präoperative Evaluation bis zur lebenslangen Nachsorge und der klinischen Forschung.

Hierbei liegt der Fokus auf speziellen Applikationen, die in der Entwicklung des digitalen Fortschritts und digitaler Strukturen im Rahmen der CI Versorgung eine besondere Rolle spielen und für das Verständnis der weiteren Entwicklung wichtig sind.

Möglichkeiten einer vereinfachten Anpassung ergeben sich z. B. durch eine automatische MAP-Erstellung (Artificial Intelligence Anwendungen), Remote Care Netzwerke (Telemedizin, Apps) fördern die aktive Selbstbeteiligung der Patienten und erlauben völlig neue Formen einer ortsungebundenen Patientenversorgung (automatisierte technische Implantatkontrolle, Selbstprogrammierung, Upgrades). Zentrale Datenbanken können die aktuelle MAP z. B. im Reparaturfall speichern, technische Daten und die Hörleistung dokumentieren. Einige der skizzierten Anwendungen sind heute schon Realität, andere erst in der Entwicklung.

Das Verständnis über die Möglichkeiten der Digitalisierung und deren Einsatz im Bereich der Hörrehabilitation mit Hörimplantaten und die Erkenntnis über das enorme Potenzial für effektive, zeiteffiziente Strukturen sind unabdingbar, um dieses Potenzial zu nutzen. Für uns HNO-Ärzte als wichtige Akteure im Gesundheitssystem bedeutet das, dass wir neben einer hohen fachlichen Expertise auch hohen Anforderungen an unsere Qualifikation in Bezug auf die digitalen Anwendungen gerecht werden müssen, um diesen Prozess aktiv mitzugestalten.
Aspekte der Langzeitversorgung bei Patienten mit Erkrankungen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis
Authors: Kuhn Jens , Bolling Susanne , Janetzky Wolfgang , Gruczyk Christoph , Knecht Guntram , Leopold Karolina
Published: April 2019

Die notwendige Behandlungskontinuität von Patienten mit Erkrankungen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis wird durch die Sektorisierung der Gesundheitsversorgung in Deutschland und den daraus erwachsenden Schnittstellenproblemen und Versorgungslücken erheblich beeinträchtigt. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht zur medizinischen und ökonomischen Bedeutung von Psychosen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis in der ambulanten und stationären Versorgung. Bezugnehmend darauf werden Ursachen einer Fehl-, Unter- bzw. Überversorgung von Patient mit Erkrankungen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis sowie mögliche Konsequenzen und Konzepte zur Optimierung sektorenübergreifender Versorgungsprozesse am Beispiel der Schnittstellenproblematik bei der Transition von der stationären in die ambulante Weiterbetreuung vorgestellt. Durch die Einführung des PsychVVG und des § 39 Abs. 1a SGB V (Entlassmanagement) wurden Möglichkeiten geschaffen, die bisherigen Versorgungs- und Behandlungsstrukturen bedarfsgerechter und flexibler zu gestalten. Patienten, die an Schizophrenie erkrankt sind, können durch die Flexibilisierung des Behandlungsortes, im Sinne einer „häuslichen Krankenhausbehandlung“ (Home Treatment) und die Sicherstellung einer adäquaten Anschlussversorgung, profitieren.
Efficacy and safety of carbon dioxide insufflation versus air insufflation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in randomized controlled trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Passos Marina , Ribeiro Igor , de Moura Diogo , Korkischko Nádia , Silva Gustavo , Franzini Tomazo , Bernando Wanderley , de Moura Eduardo
Published: April 2019

Background and study aims Ambient air is the most commonly used gas for insufflation in endoscopic procedures worldwide. However, prolonged absorption of air during endoscopic examinations may cause pain and abdominal distension. Carbon dioxide insufflation (CO2i) has been increasingly used as an alternative to ambient air insufflation (AAi) in many endoscopic procedures due to its fast diffusion properties and less abdominal distention and pain. For endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), use of CO2 for insufflation is adequate because this procedure is complex and prolonged. Some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated the efficacy and safety of CO2 as an insufflation method during ERCP but presented conflicting results. This systematic review and meta-analysis with only RCTs evaluated the efficacy and safety of CO2i versus AAi during ERCP.

Methods A literature search was performed using online databases with no restriction regarding idiom or year of publication. Data were extracted by two authors according to a predefined data extraction form. Outcomes evaluated were abdominal pain and distension, complications, procedure duration, and CO2 levels.

Results Eight studies (919 patients) were included. Significant results favoring CO2i were less abdominal distension after 1 h (MD: −1.41 [−1.81; −1.0], 95 % CI, I² = 15 %, P < 0.00001) and less abdominal pain after 1 h (MD: −23.80 [−27.50; −20.10], 95 %CI, I² = 9 %, P < 0.00001) and after 6 h (MD: −7.00 [−8.66; −5.33]; 95 % CI, I² = 0 %, P < 0.00001).

Conclusion Use of CO2i instead of AAi during ERCP is safe and associated with less abdominal distension and pain after the procedure.
Ostomy-Related Complications
Authors: Murken Douglas , Bleier Joshua
Published: April 2019

Ileostomy or colostomy formation is an important component of many surgical procedures performed for a wide range of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite the frequency with which intestinal stomas are created, stoma-related complications remain common and are associated with significant morbidity as well as cost. Some of the most prevalent complications of stoma formation which will be detailed in this article include peristomal skin complications, retraction, stomal necrosis, stomal stenosis, prolapse, bleeding, dehydration from high ostomy output, and parastomal hernia. The authors will review these common complications, detail means to avoid or prevent them, and outline recommendations for management.
Surgical Site Infection: The Clinical and Economic Impact
Authors: Turner Megan , Migaly John
Published: April 2019

Surgical site infection (SSI) following colorectal surgery is associated with worse postoperative outcomes, longer length of stay, and higher rates of readmission. SSI rates have been established as a surrogate metric for the overall quality of surgical care and are intricately tied to financial incentives and the public reputation of an institution. While risk factors and prevention mechanisms for SSI are well established, the rates of SSI remain high. This article discusses the clinical and economic impact of SSI and strategies for mitigating the risk of SSI through bundled prevention practices.
Urological Injuries during Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Ferrara Marco , Kann Brian
Published: April 2019

The proximity of the colon and rectum to the organs of the urologic system virtually ensures that iatrogenic urologic injuries become a distinct possibility during complex colorectal surgical procedures. An intimate knowledge of urogenital anatomy as well as strategies for identification and repair of potential injuries is of paramount importance. Attention is mandated when operating within the narrow confines of the pelvis, as this is where these structures are most at risk. The ureters are at highest risk of injury, followed by the bladder and urethra. The nature of these injuries encompasses both functional and mechanical morbidities. Patient factors, including prior pelvic surgery, radiation, inflammatory bowel disease, infectious processes, and urogenital abnormalities all increase the risk of injury. As colorectal surgeons encounter an increasing number of patients with the above risk factors, it is important to be familiar with the various urologic injury patterns, their diagnosis, and appropriate management.
Corner of the Mouth—Reversing the Earliest Sign of Aging
Authors: Ho Thuy-Van , Bacos Jonathan , Dayan Steven
Published: April 2019

As individuals age, distinct anatomical changes of the bone and soft tissue result in the development of rhytids in the perioral region. Most notably, the oral commissures turn downward, creating the appearance of a perpetual frown and adding years to the facial appearance. The purpose of this article is to review the anatomical changes associated with perioral aging as well as discuss potential treatment options for perioral rejuvenation particularly at the level of the oral commissures. Lastly, this article covers the senior author's technique for improving oral commissures and restoring youthful appearance of the perioral region.
Assessment of Metalloproteinase Matrix 9 (MMP9) Gene Polymorphisms Risk Factors for Pelvic Organ Prolapse in the Brazilian Population
Authors: Ghersel Frederico Rezende , Souto Ricardo Peres , Gonzales Ester Wilma Pacheco , Paulo Denise Souza , Fernandes César Eduardo , Oliveira Emerson
Published: April 2019

Objective To evaluate the C-1562T matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) gene polymorphisms as risk factors related to the occurrence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and to identify the clinical variables associated with the occurrence of the disease. Epidemiological studies of risk factors for POP do not explain why nulliparous women with no known risk factors also develop POP. Therefore, genetic factors may be involved.

Methods Cohort study with 86 women with symptomatic POP (cases), and 158 women without a prior or current diagnosis of this disorder (controls). The groups were analyzed for the presence of MMP9 gene polymorphisms. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with DNA obtained from a peripheral venous puncture of both groups.

Results There were no differences between the cases and controls even when we grouped the mutant homozygous and heterozygous genotypes. The analysis of patients with a complete absence of POP versus patients with total POP also showed no statistically significant differences. Age and home birth were found to be independent risk factors for POP.

Conclusions There were no statistically significant differences in the C-1562T MMP9 polymorphisms between the cases and controls in Brazilian women.
Maternal Weight Variation in Different Intrauterine Environments: An Important Role of Hypertension
Authors: Cazarotto Bianca da Rosa , Ferreira Charles Francisco , Ferreira Amanda Pereira , Guimarães Luciano Santos Pinto , Bosa Vera Lúcia , Bernardi Juliana Rombaldi , Goldani Marcelo Zubaran , da Silva Clécio Homrich
Published: April 2019

Objective Different intrauterine environments may influence the maternal prepregnancy body weight (BW) variation up to 6 months postpartum. The objective of the present study was to verify the association of sociodemographic, obstetric, nutritional, and behavioral factors with weight variation in women divided into four groups: hypertensive (HM), diabetic (DM), smokers (SM), and control mothers (CM).

Methods It was a convenience sample of 124 postpartum women recruited from 3 public hospitals in the city of Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between 2011 and 2016. Multiple linear regressions and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were conducted to identify the factors associated with maternal weight variation. For all GEE, the maternal weight measurements were adjusted for maternal height, parity, educational level, and the type of delivery, and 3 weight measurements (prepregnancy, preceding delivery, and 15 days postpartum) were fixed.

Results A hierarchical model closely associated the maternal diagnosis of hypertension and a prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) classified as overweight with maternal weight gain measured up to the 6th month postpartum (the difference between the maternal weight at 6 months postpartum and the prepregnancy weight). These results showed that the BW of the HM group and of overweight women increased ∼ 5.2 kg 6 months postpartum, compared with the other groups. Additionally, women classified as overweight had a greater BW variation of 3.150 kg.

Conclusion This evidence supports the need for specific nutritional guidelines for gestational hypertensive disorders, as well as great public attention for overweight women in the fertile age.
Comparison of Outcomes Associated with Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy and a Modified Technique for Tibial Tuberosity Advancement for the Treatment of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease in Dogs: A Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: Livet Véronique , Baldinger Arnaud , Viguier Éric , Taroni Mathieu , Harel Mathieu , Carozzo Claude , Cachon Thibaut
Published: April 2019

Objectives This study aimed to compare outcomes between the tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) procedure and a modified tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA Rapid) in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture.

Materials and Methods Twenty-six dogs were prospectively randomized into two groups: a TPLO group (n = 13) and a TTA Rapid group (n = 13). A lameness score evaluation, gait analysis and radiographical examination were performed before surgery, the 3 days after surgery, and then at 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Finally, owners were asked to subjectively rate their level of satisfaction.

Results The duration of surgery was significantly shorter for the TTA Rapid procedure (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of complications between groups. Lameness scores were significantly higher during the first 3 days after surgery for the TPLO group (p = 0.01 at day 1, p = 0.01 at day 2 and p = 0.003 at day 3). One month after surgery, the symmetry index between healthy and affected limbs for the relative stance time during the gait cycle (symmetry index/%) was significantly higher for the TTA Rapid group (p < 0.01). No gait parameters were significantly different between the two groups 6 months after surgery. All of the owners of dogs in the TPLO group were completely satisfied, whereas only 11/13 owners of dogs in the TTA rapid group were completely satisfied.

Clinical Significance Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy and TTA Rapid were associated with high long-term success rates in dogs. The immediate postoperative recovery seemed faster with TTA Rapid, but thereafter there was no difference.
Ectodermal Dysplasia—A Case Report
Authors: Kaur Damanpreet , Behl Ashima , Isher Parminder , Bhatnagar Dipti
Published: April 2019

Ectodermal dysplasias (EDs) include large group of syndromes that are clinically and genetically heterogeneous and are identified by anomalies in structures of ectodermal origin. Hereditary ectodermal dysplasia is a condition associated with defect of structures originating from ectoderm and is typically inherited as cross-linked recessive trait, more pronounced in males than in females. The frequency of different ectodermal dysplasias in a given population is highly variable. It is estimated to be 7 in 1,000 births. This case report is presented with an objective to show two patients, siblings, with ED. Both presented with classic symptoms of anodontia, hypohidrosis, and hypotrichosis.
Comparison of Crown-Root Relationships of Maxillary Central Incisors in Various Malocclusions
Authors: Brar Rajwinder , Bhullar Mandeep , Mittal Sanjay , Singla Divya , Aggarwal Isha
Published: April 2019

Objective The purpose of this study is to compare the crown-root and labial crown-root angles in class I, class II division (div) 1, and class II div 2 malocclusions, using cephalometric radiographs, and to find a correlation between crown-root angulation and labial crown-root angle.

Materials and Methods A sample of 45 patients (23 females and 22 males) with age range from 11 to 27 years and mean age of 17 years was taken. The sample was divided into class I, class II div 2, and class II div 1 malocclusions with 15 patients in each group. The means for various parameters for each group were calculated, and multiple comparisons were made. For correlation of two parameters, Pearson's correlation was used for normally distributed data.

Results Mean crown-root angle for class I was 5.8 ± 6.5; for class II div 1, it was 5.3 ± 4.2; and for class II div 2, it was 15.6 ± 9.69 degrees. Mean labial crown root angle for class I was 28.8 ± 5.8; for class II div 1, it was 27.06 ± 4.9; and for class II div 2, it was 39.8 ± 9.8 degrees.

Conclusions Statistically higher values were seen for crown-root angle and labial crown-root angle in class II div 2 malocclusion. A significant correlation was seen between crown-root angle and labial crown-root angle in class I, class II div 1, and class II div 2 malocclusion.
Non-wetting droplets in capillaries of circular cross-section: Scaling function
Authors: Makuch Karol , Gorce Jean-Baptiste , Garstecki Piotr
Published: April 2019

Steady motion of long, non-wetting droplets carried by a surrounding liquid in a circular capillary has been the subject of many experimental, theoretical, and numerical simulation studies. Theoretical approaches, even after the application of lubrication approximation in hydrodynamic equations and after neglecting inertia and gravity effects, still lead to a numerical procedure to determine the speed of a droplet or the thickness of the film between a droplet and the wall of the capillary. Here, we develop the lubrication approximation further to introduce an analytical formula for the speed of droplets as a function of the capillary number and of the ratio of the viscosity coefficients of the two immiscible phases. We achieve this by identification of a scaling function within the lubrication approximation. The equations that we propose here corroborate well with the results of numerical simulations of droplet flow in circular capillaries.
Approximate high mode coupling potentials using Gaussian process regression and adaptive density guided sampling
Authors: Schmitz Gunnar , Artiukhin Denis G. , Christiansen Ove
Published: April 2019

We present a new efficient approach for potential energy surface construction. The algorithm employs the n-mode representation and combines an adaptive density guided approach with Gaussian process regression for constructing approximate higher-order mode potentials. In this scheme, the n-mode potential construction is conventionally done, whereas for higher orders the data collected in the preceding steps are used for training in Gaussian process regression to infer the energy for new single point computations and to construct the potential. We explore different delta-learning schemes which combine electronic structure methods on different levels of theory. Our benchmarks show that for approximate 2-mode potentials the errors can be adjusted to be in the order of 8 cm−1, while for approximate 3-mode and 4-mode potentials the errors fall below 1 cm−1. The observed errors are, therefore, smaller than contributions due to missing higher-order electron excitations or relativistic effects. Most importantly, the approximate potentials are always significantly better than those with neglected higher-order couplings.
Steady streaming viscometry of Newtonian liquids in microfluidic devices
Authors: Vishwanathan Giridar , Juarez Gabriel
Published: April 2019

We report a novel technique capable of measuring the kinematic shear viscosity of Newtonian liquids with steady streaming flows in microfluidic devices. This probe-free microrheological method utilizes sub-kilohertz liquid oscillation frequencies around a cylindrical obstacle, ensuring that the inner streaming layer is comparable in size to the cylinder radius. To calibrate the viscometer, the evolution of the inner streaming layer as a function of the oscillation frequency for a liquid of known viscosity is characterized using standard particle tracking techniques. Once calibrated, we show how the steady streaming viscometer can be used to measure low-viscosity liquids.
Payments for adding ecosystem carbon are mostly beneficial to biodiversity
Authors: Larjavaara Markku , Davenport Tim R B , Gangga Adi , Holm Saara , Kanninen Markku , Tien Nguyen Dinh
Published: April 2019

Biodiversity conservation is often considered to be an important co-benefit of REDD+ and other mechanisms aiming to increase carbon in biomass and soil to mitigate climate change. This reasoning is based on the assumption that the level of biodiversity and ecosystem carbon are positively correlated. Firstly, however, studies have shown both positive and negative relationships. Secondly, incentives for additional ecosystem carbon do not trigger random or all potential changes in land-use, but often concentrate on one or a few specific changes that could have an opposite effect than the general trend indicates. Therefore, it is important to study biodiversity impacts of plausible measures to increase carbon. We obtained land-use scenarios on pathways to increase carbon based on 97 face-to-face interviews of local land-use experts in twelve landscapes in seven countries and five continents. We then conducted another set of face-to-face interviews with biodiversity experts yielding 2963 estimations concerning the value of land-use classes for 264 taxa of fauna and flora in these landscapes. We found positive carbon to biodiversity relationships in ten of the twelve landscapes. The biodiversity impacts of measures to increase carbon were positive in eleven of the twelve landscapes. Our results indicate that a random land-use change that increases biodiversity is also likely to increase carbon and vice versa.
Purely rotational symmetry-protected topological crystalline insulator

α

-Bi4Br4
Authors: Hsu Chuang-Han , Zhou Xiaoting , Ma Qiong , Gedik Nuh , Bansil Arun , Pereira Vitor M , Lin Hsin , Fu Liang , Xu Su-Yang , Chang Tay-Rong
Published: April 2019

Rotational-symmetry-protected topological crystalline insulators (TCIs) are expected to host unique boundary modes, in that the surface normal to the rotational axis can feature surface states with ‘unpinned’ Dirac points, which are not constrained to lie on high symmetry points or lines, but can lie at any general k point in the Brillouin zone. Also, as a higher order bulk boundary correspondence is involved here, a three-dimensional (3D) TCI can support one-dimensional (1D) helical edge states. Using first-principles band structure calculations, we identify the van der Waals material

-Bi4Br4 as a purely rotation symmetry protected TCI. We show that the

surface of Bi4Br4 exhibits a pair of unpinned topological Dirac fermions which are related to the presence of a two-fold rotation axis. These unpinned Dirac fermions possess an exotic spin texture which will be highly favorable for spin transport, and a band structure that consists of van Hove singularities due to a Lifshitz transition. We also identify 1D topological hinge states along the edges of an

-Bi4Br4 rod. We comment on how the predicted topological features in

-Bi4Br4 could be accessed experimentally.
Gelfand-Kirillov dimension of cosemisimple Hopf algebras
Authors: Chirvasitu Alexandru , Walton Chelsea , Wang Xingting
Published: April 2019

In this note, we compute the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension of cosemisimple Hopf algebras that arise as deformations of a linearly reductive algebraic group. Our work lies in a purely algebraic setting and generalizes results of Goodearl-Zhang (2007), of Banica-Vergnioux (2009), and of D’Andrea-Pinzari-Rossi (2017).
PIP5k1β controls bone homeostasis through modulating both osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Zhao Xiaoying , Cui Penglei , Hu Guoli , Wang Chuandong , Jiang Lei , Zhao Jingyu , Xu Jiake , Zhang Xiaoling
Published: April 2019

PIP5k1β is crucial to the generation of phosphotidylinosotol (4, 5)P2. PIP5k1β participates in numerous cellular activities, such as B cell and platelet activation, cell phagocytosis and endocytosis, cell apoptosis, and cytoskeletal organization. In the present work, we aimed to examine the function of PIP5k1β in osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis to provide promising strategies for osteoporosis prevention and treatment. We discovered that PIP5k1β deletion in mice resulted in obvious bone loss and that PIP5k1β was highly expressed during both osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation. Deletion of the gene was found to enhance the proliferation and migration of bone marrow-derived macrophage-like cells to promote osteoclast differentiation. PIP5k1β−/− osteoclasts exhibited normal cytoskeleton architecture but stronger resorption activity. PIP5k1β deficiency also promoted activation of mitogen-activated kinase and Akt signaling, enhanced TRAF6 and c-Fos expression, facilitated the expression and nuclear translocation of NFATC1, and upregulated Grb2 expression, thereby accelerating osteoclast differentiation and function. Finally, PIP5k1β enhanced osteoblast differentiation by upregulating master gene expression through triggering smad1/5/8 signaling. Therefore, PIP5k1β modulates bone homeostasis and remodeling.
The Evolution of the Rajaz Meter in Modern Arabic Poetry, Al-Rajaz Poem as Narrative Poetry, as Reflected in the Works of Ṣalāḥ ‘ABD AL-Ṣabūr
Authors: Maysoon Fuad Shibi
Published: April 2019

The rajaz meter has always been folkloric, from its inception to this day. It is easy to compose verses in it, so that poets used it to express the concerns of their nation, especially following the consecutive political defeats which the Arab world has experienced. Modern Arab poets use this meter in poems that express the concerns of the common people and urge them to stand together in the face of defeats and despotic, oppressive regimes. The rajaz meter allows them to write in one voice that represents the collective as a whole. The Egyptian poet Ṣalāḥ ’Abd al-Ṣabūr (1931–81) used the rajaz meter in an innovative manner, in a way that he succeeded in making an equilibrium between poetry and prose. This can be seen in his use of the rajaz meter to compose narrative poems, as we shall see in the present study.
Evolutionary comparison of competitive protein-complex formation of MYB, bHLH, and WDR proteins in plants
Authors: Zhang Bipei , Chopra Divykriti , Schrader Andrea , Hülskamp Martin
Published: April 2019

A protein complex consisting of a MYB, basic Helix-Loop-Helix, and a WDR protein, the MBW complex, regulates five traits, namely the production of anthocyanidin, proanthocyanidin, and seed-coat mucilage, and the development of trichomes and root hairs. For complexes involved in trichome and root hair development it has been shown that the interaction of two MBW proteins can be counteracted by the respective third protein (called competitive complex formation). We examined competitive complex formation for selected MBW proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabis alpina, Gossypium hirsutum, Petunia hybrida, and Zea mays. Quantitative analyses of the competitive binding of MYBs and WDRs to bHLHs were done by pull-down assays using ProtA- and luciferase-tagged proteins expressed in human HEC cells. We found that some bHLHs show competitive complex formation whilst others do not. Competitive complex formation strongly correlated with a phylogenetic tree constructed with the bHLH proteins under investigation, suggesting a functional relevance. We demonstrate that this different behavior can be explained by changes in one amino acid and that this position is functionally relevant in trichome development but not in anthocyanidin regulation.