bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in South American surface ozone trends: exploring the influences of precursors and extreme events
Authors: Seguel Rodrigo J. , Castillo Lucas , Opazo Charlie , Rojas Néstor Y. , Nogueira Thiago , Cazorla María , Gavidia-Calderón Mario , Gallardo Laura , Garreaud René , Carrasco-Escaff Tomás , Elshorbany Yasin
Published: July 2024

Abstract. In this study, trends of 21st-century ground-level ozone and ozone precursors were examined across South America, a less-studied region where trend estimates have rarely been comprehensively addressed. Therefore, we provided an updated regional analysis based on validated surface observations. We tested the hypothesis that the recent increasing ozone trends, mostly in urban environments, resulted from intense wildfires driven by extreme meteorological events impacting cities where preexisting volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited regimes dominate. We applied the quantile regression method based on monthly anomalies to estimate trends, quantify their uncertainties and detect trend change points. Additionally, the maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) and peak-season metrics were used to assess short- and long-term exposure levels, respectively, for the present day (2017–2021). Our results showed lower levels in tropical cities (Bogotá and Quito), varying between 39 and 43 nmol mol−1 for short-term exposure and between 26 and 27 nmol mol−1 for long-term exposure. In contrast, ozone mixing ratios were higher in extratropical cities (Santiago and São Paulo), with a short-term exposure level of 61 nmol mol−1 and long-term exposure levels varying between 40 and 41 nmol mol−1. Santiago (since 2017) and São Paulo (since 2008) exhibited positive trends of 0.6 and 0.3 nmol mol−1 yr−1, respectively, with very high certainty. We attributed these upward trends, or no evidence of variation, such as in Bogotá and Quito, to a well-established VOC-limited regime. However, we attributed the greater increase in the extreme percentile trends (≥ 90th) to heat waves and, in the case of southwestern South America, to wildfires associated with extreme meteorological events.
Vertical concentrations gradients and transport of airborne microplastics in wind tunnel experiments
Authors: Esders Eike Maximilian , Georgi Christoph , Babel Wolfgang , Held Andreas , Thomas Christoph Karl
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Microplastics are an ubiquitous anthropogenic material in the environment, including the atmosphere. Little work has focused on the atmospheric transport mechanisms of microplastic nor its dispersion, despite it being a potential pollutant. We study the vertical transport of airborne microplastics in a wind tunnel, a controllable environment with neutral stability, to identify the necessary conditions for the long-range atmospheric transport of microplastics. An ultrasonic disperser generated airborne water droplets from a suspension of polystyrene microsphere microplastics (MPs) with a diameter of 0.51 µm. The water droplets were injected into the airflow, evaporating and releasing single airborne MPs. The disperser allowed for time-invariant and user-controlled concentrations of MPs in the wind tunnel. MPs were injected at 27, 57, and 255 mm above the ground. A single GRIMM R11 optical particle counter (OPC) and three Alphasense OPCs measured time-averaged MP concentration profiles (27, 57, and 157 mm above the ground). These were combined with turbulent airflow characteristics measured by a hotwire probe to estimate vertical particle fluxes using the flux-gradient similarity theory. The GRIMM R11 OPC measured vertical concentration profiles by moving its sampling tube vertically. The three Alphasense OPCs measured particle concentrations simultaneously at three distinct heights. Results show that maximum concentrations are not measured at the injection height but are rather shifted to the surface by gravitational settling. The MPs experience higher gravitational settling while they are part of the larger water droplets. For the lowest injection at 27 mm, the settling leads to smaller MP concentrations in the wind tunnel, as MPs are lost to deposition. Increasing the wind speed decreases the loss of MPs by settling, but settling is present until our maximum friction velocity of 0.14 m s−1. For the highest injection at 255 mm and laminar flow, the settling resulted in a net MP emission, challenging the expectation of a net MP deposition for high injection. Turbulent flows reverse the MP concentration profile giving a net MP deposition with deposition velocities of 3.7 ± 1.9 cm s−1. Recognizing that microplastics share deposition velocities with mineral particles bridges the gap in understanding their environmental behavior. The result supports the use of existing models to evaluate the transport of microplastics in the accumulation mode. The similar deposition velocities suggest that microplastics transported in the atmosphere can be found in the same places as mineral particles.
Spatial and temporal evolution of future atmospheric reactive nitrogen deposition in China under different climate change mitigation strategies
Authors: Ma Mingrui , Cao Jiachen , Tong Dan , Zheng Bo , Zhao Yu
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition plays a crucial role in linking air pollution to ecosystem risks. Previous modeling studies have indicated that climate change and pollution controls jointly result in significant changes in Nr deposition in China. However, it remains unclear how future emission reductions will influence Nr deposition under different climate pathways. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors of future Nr deposition under various national clean air and climate policies. We applied WRF-CMAQ and assessed the historical (2010s, 2010–2014) pattern and future changes of Nr deposition till the 2060s (2060–2064) in China, by combining two SSP-RCP global climate pathways and three national emission control scenarios. The results show that the implementation of clean air and carbon neutrality policies would greatly reduce oxidized nitrogen (OXN) deposition, mitigate the adverse perturbations of climate change, and reduce the outflow from Eastern China (EC) to the West Pacific. In North China (NC), the weakened atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) would elevate the response of OXN deposition to a 20 % abatement of emissions (expressed as the ratio of percentage change of deposition to emissions) from 82.6 % in the 2010s to nearly 100 % in the 2060s. In contrast, the response of RDN deposition to NH3 emissions would decline, likely attributable to a more NH3-rich condition. The outcomes of this work broaden scientific understanding on how anthropogenic actions of air quality improvement and carbon emission reduction would reshape the future Nr deposition and support effective policymaking to reduce associated ecological damages.
The long-term impact of BVOC emissions on urban ozone patterns over central Europe: contributions from urban and rural vegetation
Authors: Liaskoni Marina , Huszár Peter , Bartík Lukáš , Prieto Perez Alvaro Patricio , Karlický Jan , Šindelářová Kateřina
Published: July 2024

Abstract. The paper evaluates the long-term (2007–2016) impact of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOC) emissions on urban ozone patterns over central Europe, specifically focusing on the contribution of urban vegetation using a regional climate model offline coupled to chemistry transport model. BVOCs are emitted by terrestrial ecosystems, with the prominent species being isoprene, monoterpenes, alcohols, carbonyls, and acids. Their impact is considered especially important over NOx-rich environments such as urban areas. The study evaluates the impact of BVOC emissions on ozone (O3), formaldehyde (HCHO) and hydroxyl radical (OH) near surface concentrations, showing an increase in summer ozone by 6–10 % over large areas in central Europe due to BVOC emissions. It also demonstrates a substantial increase in formaldehyde concentrations. Additionally, the impact of BVOC emissions on hydroxyl radical concentrations shows a decrease over most of the domain by 20–60 %, with some increases over urban areas. Impacts on peroxy radicals (HO2 and higher RO2) are shown too. Importantly, the study explores the partial role of urban vegetation in modulating ozone and evaluates its share in the overall ozone formation due to all BVOC emissions. The findings reveal that urban BVOC emissions contribute to around 10 % of the total impact on ozone and formaldehyde concentrations in urban areas, indicating their significant but localized influence. The study also conducts sensitivity analyses to assess the uncertainty arising from the calculation of the urban fraction of BVOC emissions. The results show that the impact of urban BVOC emissions responds to their magnitude nearly linearly, with variations of up to fourfold, emphasizing the importance of accurately quantifying the urban BVOC fluxes. Overall, the study sheds light on the intricate relationship between urban vegetation, BVOC emissions, and their impact on atmospheric chemistry, providing valuable insights into the regional chemistry of BVOC emissions over central Europe and the causes of urban ozone pollution.
A newly digitized ice-penetrating radar data set acquired over the Greenland ice sheet in 1971–1979
Authors: Karlsson Nanna B. , Schroeder Dustin M. , Sørensen Louise Sandberg , Chu Winnie , Dall Jørgen , Andersen Natalia H. , Dobson Reese , Mackie Emma J. , Köhn Simon J. , Steinmetz Jillian E. , Tarzona Angelo S. , Teisberg Thomas O. , Skou Niels
Published: July 2024

Abstract. We present an ice-penetrating radar data set acquired over the Greenland ice sheet by aircraft during the years 1971, 1972, 1974, 1978, and 1979. The data set comprises over 177 000 km of flight lines and contains a wealth of information on the state of the Greenland ice sheet, including information on ice thickness and englacial properties. During data collection in the 1970s, the data were recorded on optical film rolls, and in this paper, we document the digitization of these film rolls and their associated geographical information. Our data digitization enables interaction with and analysis of the data and facilitates comparison with modern-day radar observations. The complete data set in full resolution is available in the Stanford Digital Repository (https://doi.org/10.25740/wm135gp2721; Karlsson et al., 2023), with the associated technical reports. Part of the data set is available as low-resolution JPG files at the Technical University of Denmark's data repository (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7235299.v1; Karlsson et al., 2024), with associated technical reports and digitized geographical information . The Stanford Digital Repository serves as long-term storage, providing archival historic preservation in perpetuity, and is not intended as a primary data access point. The Technical University of Denmark (DTU) data repository serves as a primary entry point for data access, with files organized according to acquisition year and flight line in a simple folder structure. Here, we release the full data sets to enable the larger community to access and interact with the data (Karlsson et al., 2023).
TorchClim v1.0: a deep-learning plugin for climate model physics
Authors: Fuchs David , Sherwood Steven C. , Prasad Abhnil , Trapeznikov Kirill , Gimlett Jim
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Climate models are hindered by the need to conceptualize and then parameterize complex physical processes that are not explicitly numerically resolved and for which no rigorous theory exists. Machine learning and artificial intelligence methods (ML and AI) offer a promising paradigm that can augment or replace the traditional parameterized approach with models trained on empirical process data. We offer a flexible and efficient plugin, TorchClim, that facilitates the insertion of ML and AI physics surrogates into the climate model to create hybrid models. A reference implementation is presented for the Community Earth System Model (CESM), where moist physics and radiation parameterizations of the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM) are replaced with such a surrogate. We present a set of best-practice principles for doing this with minimal changes to the general circulation model (GCM), exposing the surrogate model as any other parameterization module, and discuss how to accommodate the requirements of physics surrogates such as the need to avoid unphysical values and supply information needed by other GCM components. We show that a deep-neural-network surrogate trained on data from CAM itself can produce a model that reproduces the climate and variability in the original model, although with some biases. The efficiency and flexibility of this approach open up new possibilities for using physics surrogates trained on offline data to improve climate model performance, better understand model physical processes, and flexibly incorporate new processes into climate models.
Identification of electro-mechanical interactions in wind turbines
Authors: Lüdecke Fiona Dominique , Schmid Martin , Cheng Po Wen
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Large direct-drive wind turbines with a multi-megawatt power rating face design challenges, especially concerning tower top mass, due to scaling laws for high-torque generators. This work proposes to extend the design space by moving towards a more system-oriented approach, considering electro-mechanical interactions. This requires an extension of the state-of-the-art wind turbine models with additional degrees of freedom. To limit the computational effort of such models, a profound understanding of possible interaction mechanisms is required. This work aims to identify interactions of an additional degree of freedom in the radial direction of the generator with the wind turbine structure, the aerodynamics, and the wind turbine controller. Therefore, a Simpack model of the IEA 15 MW RWT is implemented and coupled to a quasi-static analytical generator model for electromagnetic forces. The analytical model, sourced from literature, is code-to-code validated against a finite element model of the generator in COMSOL Multiphysics. Electro-mechanical simulation results do not show interactions with the aerodynamics or the controller. However, interactions with the wind turbine structure occur. It is shown that the modelling approach can affect the system's natural frequencies, which can potentially impact the overall system design choices.
The Effect of Using Powtoon Interactive Learning Media to Improve Learning Outcomes in Class X Informatics Subjects at SMK Kesehatan Samarinda
Authors: Sari Anisa Permata , Haeruddin  , Saputra Galih Yudha
Published: July 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of using Powtoon interactive learning media to improve learning outcomes in learning Informatics class X students at SMK Kesehatan Samarinda. This type of research is quantitative, namely experimental research (pre-experimental design) using a one group pretest-posttest design research design, namely an experiment that in its implementation only involves one class as an experimental class without a control class (comparison class). Data analysis used descriptive analysis techniques and inferential analysis techniques. The results of descriptive statistics show that the average student pre-test score is 46.56 and has increased after being treated with an average student post-test score of 80.31. The results of inferential statistical analysis by testing the normality of pre-test and post-test data were normally distributed. The results of hypothesis analysis using the Paired Sample T-Test test, namely significance, obtained a value smaller than 0.05, namely 0.000 <0.05, meaning that there is a difference when the initial test (pre-test) and the final test results (post-test) so that the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. The results of the analysis of student learning on the use of Powtoon interactive learning media in Informatics subjects obtained an N-Gain of 0.72 which is included in the high category. This study shows that there is an effect of using Powtoon interactive learning media to improve student learning outcomes in Informatics class X Nursing 2 at SMK Kesehatan Samarinda.
Cloud Storage for Object Detection using ESP32-CAM
Authors: Imron Imron , Satria Bagus , Karim Syafei , Ramadhani Fajar
Published: July 2024

Cloud storage services can create an object storage bucket to store our pictures, among them the Cloud Storage FUSE, Scaleway, S3 bucket, Firebase,  etc. intelligent IoT systems generate vast amounts of multi-source industrial data, which necessitate a large amount of storage and processing power to enable real-time data processing and analysis. Cloud computing can be intricately linked into intelligent IIoT systems due to its strong computational and storage capabilities. Cloud Storage for Object Detection using ESP32-CAM. Create a workable solution that supports distributed storage bucket and implement it in a real-world setting. Implement the entire system as an addition to the well-known IoT cloud storage and run multiple experiments to evaluate its functionality in scenarios with varying setups and system. The target objects that are used as data sets are the ESP8266, Wemos D1, and Arduino Uno. Figuring out the ideal parameters for training the FOMO (First Object, More Object) model and then putting it into practice. It was necessary to find a balance between learning rate and accuracy, on the other hand, to maintain the highest possible accuracy in the identification of the microcontroller object to minimise the number of false positive reports. Find the value learning rate effective to this object is 0.01 with F1 score 98.7% and accuracy score 89.58%.
Medicinal Plants Recommendation System using ROC and MOORA
Authors: Widians Joan Angelina , Tejawati Andi , Yuniarti Wenty Dwi
Published: July 2024

Kalimantan has extraordinary biodiversity, including medicinal plants. Medicinal plants are a type of plant that certain parts, such as roots, leaves, bark, stems, and the results of their excretions. However, people sometimes need help choosing plants that suit their needs because of the many types of medicinal plants and the need for knowledge regarding their use. Decision support systems (DSS) combine computer capabilities with data processing or manipulation that utilizes unstructured models or solution rules. Furthermore, the method of documenting knowledge of traditional medicine is through the media of information systems. This system helps select medicinal plants according to user needs. This research developed a DSS using Rank Order Centroid (ROC) and Multi-Objective Optimization by Ratio Analysis (MOORA) methods to select medicinal plants for fungal and skin infections, including Furuncles, Tinea corporis, Tinea versicolor, and Acne. ROC method for determining criteria weight values. This research has four criteria: plant part, processing method, use method, and habitus. Determining recommendations for alternative ranking results using the MOORA method. This study aims to help the public get recommendations for medicinal plants in human skin disease treatment. This study aims to increase the preservation of biodiversity, particularly sustainable medicinal plants in the tropical rainforest of East Kalimantan.
Study to Assess Scapular Dyskinesia in Older Adults of Ahmedabad
Authors: Jayprakashbhai Gupta Dipak , Thakrar Gira
Published: July 2024

Background: A big proportion of older citizens are more vulnerable to aging, which leads in poor health and degenerative changes in various joints, which, when combined with muscle mass loss, makes daily activities harder for the elderly. Muscle mass and strength significantly deteriorate with age. The muscles that surround the scapula in the upper limb offer proximal stability during ADL activities. The muscle atrophy around the scapula makes the ADL action unsteady. The survey was carried out to assess scapular Dyskinesia in elderly Ahmedabad residents.
METHODOLOGY: 40 Older peoples, above the age of 60 years old male were selected by convenient sampling. An observational study was conducted. Participants was selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The modified lateral scapular slide test assessed individually and measure the difference scapular position in three different positions.
RESULT: The participant mean age was 69.65 years, with 40 male people were evaluated. In general, the modified lateral scapular sliding test was used to assess older persons in Ahmedabad for scapular Dyskinesia. In which we discovered three sites of scapular Dyskinesia. In position 1, 62.5% of participants had a discrepancy of more than 1.5 cm. In position 2, 52.5% of people had a discrepancy of more than 1.5 cm. In position 3, 55% of people had a discrepancy of more than 1.5 cm.
CONCLUSION The average 62.5% of older people had scapular dyskinesia.

Keywords: Scapular Dyskinesia, modified lateral scapular slide test, older people.
Socialisation of student youth in social networks
Authors: Shcherban Tetiana , Samoilov Oleksii
Published: July 2024

Social networks have become a part of the daily life of students, they influence the development of views, values and identity, which can have an impact on students’ social connections, so research is an urgent task that contributes to understanding this influence. The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of social networks on various spheres of life of modern students. In order to investigate the issues of socialisation of young people in social networks, the study used generalisation and analytical method. As a result, the importance of developing strategies aimed at strengthening the positive impact of social networks on students was highlighted. It was revealed that changing social norms and creating an atmosphere of open and decent communication in an online environment can help improve students’ socialisation in the virtual world. It was noted that the protection of privacy and the development of critical thinking are important for ensuring the security and information competence of social network users. The importance of developing media literacy and skills in verifying the truthfulness of information in the process of socialisation of students was noted. Strategies that promote the development of virtual space and improve interaction in social networks were outlined. The paper analysed aspects of positive socialisation of students in the digital age that help them solve problems and cope with the challenges of the online environment. The results of scientific research can contribute to a better understanding of how social networks affect young people, and help researchers develop programmes and strategies aimed at supporting the positive aspects of this impact and reducing possible negative consequences
The effectiveness of a 3D interactive learning environment as a mechanism for sharing and retaining knowledge
Authors: Ye ShuHua , Onpium Pintusorn , Ying Fangli
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to develop recommendations for the use of 3D interactive technologies in the educational process to improve the learning of students. The experiment involved 200 students of the same age in two different groups who interacted with immersive or conventional technologies. The task was divided into four stages. In modern world, immersive technologies are constantly evolving, allowing for effective learning and thus the creation of a 3D learning environment. This study covered the significance of 3D interactive environments in the learning process, which affect the long-term retention of knowledge by students. The study analysed the perception and satisfaction of education through interactivity. The potential benefits of introducing 3D interactive learning environments into the educational process were identified. It was proved that interactive 3D learning environments can be an effective way of transmitting and storing information for such reasons as engaging students, visualising material, adapting to individual needs, preserving the information provided, and evaluating the result. The obtained findings helped to determine the effectiveness of understanding, sharing, and retaining knowledge in 3D interactive learning environment. It was established that the use of 3D learning environments helps to increase the interest and activity of students in the learning process. New opportunities are opening for visualising complex concepts and effective learning in a variety of fields. A significant aspect is that the potential of 3D learning environments as an innovative means of transferring and preserving knowledge is significant, and the impact on students is positive. The practical significance of the work is to determine the effectiveness of using interactive 3D technologies in the educational process, which contribute to increasing students’ interest, activity and long-term retention of knowledge
Relationship of individual psychological factors of cadets’ adaptation in voyage conditions
Authors: Ivanova Olena , Kushchinska Sofia , Chumaieva Yuliia
Published: July 2024

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to update data on the specifics of the activities of cadet sailors due to rapid changes in the organisational structure of modern society and understanding the role of this profession in it. The purpose of the study was to reveal the psychophysiological and individual psychological determinants of adaptation and their interdependence in the context of professional activity of novice seafarers. The paper uses methods of theoretic and methodological analysis, psychodiagnostic survey, and Pearson’s correlation analysis methods. As a result of the theoretical analysis, four groups of factors of professional adaptation were identified: psychophysiological, individual and psychological, socio-psychological, organisational and structural. Based on these factors, an empirical study was organised, which revealed the relationship between indicators of psychological stability, self-confidence, adaptability, and tolerance to ambiguity. It was determined that psychological resilience is associated with the parameters of passion, resourcefulness, optimism, and the level of expression of motivational components of professional activity of cadets, determined by the motives of life support and self-realisation. Disturbances in health, in particular in terms of exhaustion, emotional and vegetative instability, anxiety and fears, and maladjustment, affect the effectiveness and quality of value, emotional, volitional, social and informational regulation. The most common symptoms of health disorders among cadets on a voyage are vegetative and emotional instability, sleep disturbances, less pronounced symptoms of maladjustment such as addictions, anxiety, and fears, and the least pronounced symptoms are psychophysical exhaustion and willpower disorders. The paper contributes to the psychological science of professional and personal adaptability of the individual in extreme conditions. The study is of practical value for sociologists, teachers, psychologists, psychotherapists and doctors, who can contribute to solving problems of maladaptation in the labour sphere
Exploring alternative preschool education methods in Georgia: Enhancing accessibility
Authors: Kitoshvili Nino
Published: July 2024

This study is relevant as it examines public-private partnerships in early childhood education in Georgia, seeking solutions to the significant educational challenges common to post-Soviet regions. It assesses the suitability of alternative educational models in a society that is still struggling with the infrastructural legacy of the Soviet past, providing valuable recommendations for policy reforms needed to expand access to and improve the quality of preschool education. The purpose of the study was to assess the readiness of Georgian society to implement alternative educational practices. Drawing upon the experiences of post-Soviet nations, alongside international insights and local perspectives, the study aims to provide comprehensive insights into the feasibility and effectiveness of alternative models in Georgia. Employing a mixed-methods approach encompassing qualitative interviews, surveys, and data analysis, the research examines the strengths, challenges, and implementation prospects of various alternative models within the unique socio-economic and cultural context of post-Soviet Georgia. Early childhood education in post-Soviet and similar countries confronts common challenges in access and quality, despite varied policies, with efforts such as legislation and public-private partnerships aimed at addressing financial and geographical barriers. Persistent disparities in preschool systems across the region, as illustrated by reform initiatives and staffing issues in Georgia, highlight the need for continuous reforms. These factors underscore the importance of sustained policy efforts to support comprehensive and effective early learning environments. The results underscore a compelling need for alternative education avenues in Georgia, particularly in regions facing infrastructural and geographical barriers similar to those experienced in other post-Soviet nations. While highlighting the potential benefits of public-private partnerships models, the study also identifies key challenges that need to be addressed to ensure their successful implementation within the post-Soviet context. The practical value of this study extends to policymakers, educators, and communities across post-Soviet countries with similar educational challenges. By advocating for legislative reforms to incorporate alternative approaches, this research contributes to ongoing efforts to strengthen preschool education and promote inclusivity in post-Soviet Georgia and beyond
Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Face Pack
Authors: Aggarwal Mehak , Vatsa Esha , Chaudhary Nidhi , Chandel Shilpa , Gautam Shipra
Published: July 2024

The prime objective of this research work is to formulate a cosmetic herbal face pack by using natural ingredients for all kinds of skin and evaluate the formulation by employing several evaluation parameters. Formulation containing multanimitti, turmeric, green tea, amla, neem, liquorice, sandal wood powder, honey, aloe vera gel and rose water was prepared. Formulation was evaluated for different evaluating parameters and stability check along with the test of irritancy and spreadability. Herbal face packs are generally utilized from ancient times for healthy and glowing natural skin. It is used to prevent acne, pimples, and dirt from skin pores. It rejuvenates the muscles and improves blood circulation. In this study it is concluded that the prepared formulation was effective in all parameters, non-irritant and compatible with skin. All the ingredients used in formulation are herbs and therefore possess minimal or no side effects. One can use this face pack by adding honey and storing the formulation in refrigerator. Further the studies regarding optimization are required to be done on this work and this study will also acts as a standardization tool for further research work in this area.
Formulation and Comparative Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo Powder with marketed preparation
Authors: Gandhi Jotsna , Makandar Shahin , Kanase Ankita , Jadhav Sujata , Chivate Anuradha , Jadhav Pratiksha
Published: July 2024

Hair have been associated with beauty since time immemorial. A number of natural and synthetic hair cleansers are available in the market. The challenges associated with hair and scalp health are increasing day by day. Aside from the fast life, stress, dietary issues; the increasing temperature, dust, pollution, erratic climate changes, the sulphates and parabens included in synthetic hair cleansers and conditioners are majorly responsible for deterioration of hair strands and scalp. The aim of the current work was to combine trichologically beneficial herbal ingredients and prepare a formulation that would serve for conditioning and cleaning the hair and scalp effectively. Three herbal hair shampoo powder formulations containing the same ingredients in varying proportions were prepared and evaluated for their physicochemical and stability parameters. The formulation F1 showed better results when evaluated for the physicochemical and stability parameters as compared to formulations F2 and F3.
SCC mec typing among the clinical isolates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Puducherry
Authors: E Kavitha , R Srikumar
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Methicillin resistance is exhibiteddue to presence of mecA gene and is commonly referred as SCCmec types in MRSA. SCCmec typing helps and acts a way to characterize MRSA infections and gain knowledge in its epidemiology. Our study aims to characterize mecA gene responsible in methicillin resistance by SCCmec typing and emphasize the use of SCCmec typing in routine diagnosis for the classification of MRSA. Methods: A total of 191 clinical isolates were included for the study.Documentation like clinical details and associated risk factors for MRSA acquisition were done. SCCmec typing (type I-V) was done by using M-PCR as per Boyeet al., 2007 protocol. Results: In our study, five different SCCmec types namely SCCmec type I, type II, type III, type IV and type V were detected among the clinical isolates of MRSA. Sccmec type V (53%) was found to be the most predominant type followed by SCCmec type III (47%) and SCCmec type IV (37.6%). Among the 191 MRSA isolates, 7 clinical isolates were SCCmec non-typeable isolates. Conclusion: Our study reports existence of multiple SCCmec types among the MRSA clinical isolates. SCCmec typing is helpful in determining the contribution of the isolates in understanding their association being CA-MRSA or HA-MRSA which in turn helps in designing effective surveillance and control strategies in the management of MRSA infections.
The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Physical Health among High School Students in Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Linxian Zeng , Kuan Garry , Rao U.S. Mahadeva , Lee Wan Zhen , Fangzhao Fangzhao , Yali Zhou , Kueh Yee Cheng
Published: July 2024

Insufficient physical activity and declining physical health among high school students in China present significant challenges, exacerbated by academic pressures and limited time for exercise. This study examines the relationship between physical activity and physical health of high school students in Kunming, Yunnan, China. 120 senior high school students participated, wearing ActiGraph GT3X accelerometers for 7 days to monitor their physical activity during and outside of school hours. Results showed boys' MVPA during daily recess averaged 18.9 minutes and 15.2 minutes for girls, comprising over 70% of their daily physical activity, concentrated mainly during the main recess period. Regardless of weekends or school days, participants exhibited highest activity levels in the LPA state, with MVPA levels at 22.7 and 12.5 minutes. Physical fitness test scores ranged from 60-79 points and displayed a positive correlation between physical activity levels, body shape, physical fitness, physical function, and overall health indicators (p < 0.05), with high-intensity physical activity significantly linked to physical health (p < 0.01). This study provides insights to support initiatives aimed at enhancing the physical health of high school students and offers practical suggestions for future intervention programs.
Efficacy of the Coordinative compound of Aluminium and N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-anthranilic (mefenamic) acid on the Model of Chronic Alcohol-Induced Pancreatitis
Authors: Lytkin Dmytro , Tovchiga Olga , Udovitskiy Vladislav , Barbukho Olena
Published: July 2024

The aim of the study is to determine the efficacy of the innovative coordinative compound of aluminium and N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-anthranilic (mefenamic) acid (CCAA, possessing hepatoprotective and antioxidative activity) on the model of chronic alcohol-induced pancreatitis in rats (Lieber–DeCarli isocaloric alcohol liquid diet for 10 weeks + LPS administration once a week for the three last weeks, 3 mg/kg intravenously). CCA was administered for 21 days at doses of 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg intragastrically. Leucocyte content in the peripheral blood and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, basal glycemia, total lipids level, α-amylase and pancreatic elastase activity in blood serum and the duodenal contents as well as histological structure of the pancreas were evaluated. In the blood serum and the homogenate of the pancreas, glutathione content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured. The dose-dependent normalizing effect of CCAA was registered by the influence on the non-specific inflammatory markers, pancreatic exocrine function, and cytoarchitectonics of the pancreas (the highest efficacy – at a dose of 120 mg/kg). The normalizing influence on the prooxidant-antioxidant balance markers was not dose-dependent with an especially significant normalizing influence on SOD activity. The results substantiate expanding indications for the of the studied drug.
A Novel Dung Beetle Optimization Approach for Automatic CMOS Analog Circuit Design
Authors: Dhaval N. Patel
Published: July 2024

The main objective of the automated circuit sizing technique is to deal with the challenges of design tradeoffs in analog circuit design with improved accuracy and efficacy. Analog circuit design represents a multi-objective optimization challenge, where designers must properly balance various performance factors such as input and output impedance, power dissipation, area, unity-gain bandwidth, slew rate, and open-loop DC gain. Traditional design equations provide a sizing of differential amplifier MOS transistors, further optimization can be achieved through the application of meta-heuristic search techniques. Meta-heuristic search techniques can be used as local optimizers in a smaller search area to improve the optimization of design parameters. The differential amplifier circuit with current mirror load is optimized through the application of the Dung Beetle Optimization (DBO) algorithm. By using an evolutionary algorithm called DBO, all the required parameters were achieved with the least amount of transistor area and power dissipation when compared to the results of the Seeker Optimization Algorithm (SOA), Opposition based Harmony Search Algorithm (OHS), craziness-based particle swarm optimization (CRPSO), and Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithms.
Machine Learning Method for Forecasting Wind Power Using Continuous Wind Speed Data
Authors: Ankita Sinha
Published: July 2024

Among various nonconventional energy sources, wind energy is a noteworthy and suitable source with the ability to generate electricity continuously and sustainably. However, there are a number of drawbacks to wind energy, including high basic utilization costs, the static nature of wind farms, and the challenge of locating energy that is wind-efficient. regions. Using five machine learning methods, long-term wind power prediction was done in this study using daily wind speed data. We suggested an effective way to forecast wind power values using machine learning techniques. To demonstrate how machine learning algorithms, perform, we carried out a number of case studies. The outcomes demonstrated that long-term wind power values might be predicted using machine learning algorithms in relation to past wind speed data. Additionally, the consequences show that machine learning-based  Models could be used in places other than those where they were taught. This study showed that, by employing a model of a base site, machine learning algorithms could be applied frequently prior to the development of wind plants in an undisclosed environmental region, provided that it makes sense.
Emerging Trends in Glycoscience, Part #1
Authors: Ferro Vito , Takahashi Daisuke
Published: July 2024

Carbohydrates are essential biomolecules with significant roles in chemistry, biology, and medicine. The "Emerging Trends in Glycoscience" issue highlights advancements in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry and their applications. It features 22 contributions, including reviews and original research, covering topics like molecular scaffolding, catalysis, and medicinal chemistry, providing insights into carbohydrate-based pharmacological developments.

Our speakers:

1) Prof. Vito Ferro (University of Queensland): Exploiting the fluorine-directing effect to access rare L-hexoses.
2) Prof. Daisuke Takahashi (Keio University): Synthesis and immunological evaluation of oligosaccharide-protein conjugates for the development of a vaccine against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O1.

Exploiting the fluorine-directing effect to access rare L-hexoses

L-Hexoses are a family of exceptionally rare, prohibitively expensive, and synthetically challenging sugars with great biological significance. Requiring access to L-iduronic acid building blocks for the construction of glycosaminoglycan mimetics, we have recently developed the “fluorine-directing effect” to rapidly access these compounds with high efficiency. Our strategy, which entails the stereoselective C-5 epimerisation of D-hexose derivatives, has been optimised for the construction of L-IdoA and L-idose glycosyl donors. Its success has also been understood with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Herein we describe the harnessing of this chemistry to carve out new synthetic routes to other rare L-hexoses. These include the commercially unavailable L-alturonic acid, a component of the capsular polysaccharides of the pathogens A. viridans var. homi and P. mirabilis O10, and L-guluronic acid, a key component of alginates which are polysaccharides of considerable industrial importance.

Synthesis and immunological evaluation of oligosaccharide-protein conjugates for the development of a vaccine candidate against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O1

Avian pathogenic *Escherichia coli* (APEC) O1 is one of the pathogens that cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry. Therefore, developing a vaccine is an urgent necessity because of concerns about the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and zoonosis [1]. In this context, it has been reported that O antigen of APEC O1 LPS has an antigenicity, but the detailed antigenic glycan structure has not been elucidated yet. Herein we report the efficient synthesis and biological evaluation of glycoconjugates consisting of pentasaccharide repeating units of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from E. coli O1 and BSA using our boron-mediated aglycon delivery (BMAD) method [2-4]. ELISA tests using the synthesized glycoconjugates and the APEC O1 immune chicken serum revealed that the pentasaccharide derived from *E. coli* O1A is a glycotope candidate of APEC O1, with great potential as an antigen for vaccine development [5,6].
Nursing Palliative Care for Elderly Surgical Patients: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gomes Felipe Clementino , Carvalho Mariana Albernaz Pinheiro de , Silva Mariane Lorena Souza , Bastos Rosângela Alves Almeida
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The discussion on palliative care in high-tech environments and interventional practice represents one of the various aspects to be considered in the challenge of providing a continuum of wellness in living and dying for the elderly. Objective: To map and identify the existing works in the literature on nursing actions that focus on palliative care for elderly patients in surgical hospitalization settings. Materials and methods: This scoping review was conducted on eight databases, following the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review-Scoping Review guidelines. The following descriptors were used: nursing care; palliative care; elderly; surgery. The inclusion criteria were the following: primary research, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials. The search was performed in three stages: database listing / pilot test; broad search/application of the “PCC” strategy (population, concept, context); and full reading of the content. A total of 509 productions were retrieved and then managed using the Rayyan® software, of which 13 studies were selected. The protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework. Results: The total population consisted of 10,417 people aged from 60 to 109. The most frequent interventions included the physical dimension, for symptomatic control; the cultural dimension, in which the dilemmas present in an environment with a high expectation for recovery and rigid interventionist protocols were highlighted, as well as the communication dimension, which is a basic tool of palliative care. Conclusions: Elderly people with serious conditions can benefit from palliative care in the perioperative setting. However, there is a need for training nurses in pain management, empowerment to participate in ethical decisions, and training for better communication. It should be noted that evidence on interventions to improve palliative care is still limited by methodological flaws, so rigorous evaluations are needed to measure significant results for patients and care.
Antibacterial efficacy of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles from rosemary, pennyroyal, and eucalyptus extracts against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria
Authors: Salahi Shanli , Ghaffari Tayyebeh
Published: July 2024

Bacteria, including those causing hospital-acquired infections, have become a significant concern for human health due to their resistance to common antibiotics. Silver nanoparticles possess highly antimicrobial properties and can be applied in various medical and healthcare contexts. The purpose of this research is to produce silver nanoparticles through a bio-based (green synthesis) method using extracts from the leaves of rosemary, pennyroyal, and eucalyptus plants and to investigate their antibacterial activity. Extracts from the leaves of rosemary, pennyroyal, and eucalyptus plants were prepared and added to a silver nitrate solution in the process of synthesizing silver nanoparticles. The production of silver nanoparticles in the solution was investigated by recording the color changes during the experiment and measuring the absorption levels across different wavelengths using a spectrophotometer. The antimicrobial effects exhibited by the silver nanoparticle solution were investigated and confirmed targeting both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains using the agar well diffusion method. Nanoparticles with diameters approximately ranging from 18 to 80 nanometers were successfully synthesized, exhibiting a varied assortment of spherical geometries and a notable purity level of 88% silver. Furthermore, nanoparticles synthesized from rosemary plant extract exhibited superior antibacterial properties compared to those from other plant extracts.
Polityka wspierania badań i rozwoju technologicznego Unii Europejskiej
Authors: K. Chyłek Eugeniusz , Gotkiewicz Wojciech , Mickiewicz Bartosz
Published: July 2024

W artykule przedstawiona została analiza najważniejszych dokumentów Rady Europy, Komisji Europejskiej oraz ekspertów instytucji unijnych dotyczących kierunków współczesnej strategii badań naukowych kreowanych przez Unię Europejską. Omówione zostały podstawowe uwarunkowania realizacji polityki wspierania badań naukowych i rozwoju technologicznego Wspólnoty na tle rozwiniętych i rozwijających się systemów wsparcia nauki i badań. Przedstawiono cele budowy Europejskiej Przestrzeni Badawczej oraz warunków wykorzystania trójkąta wiedzy na rzecz rozwoju cywilizacyjnego i gospodarczego krajów Unii Europejskiej. Przedstawiono także podstawowe informacje dotyczące warunków realizacji 7 Programu Ramowego Unii Europejskiej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem jego wykorzystania na rzecz badań i postępu technologicznego w sektorze rolno-spożywczym. Omówiono również stan realizacji zobowiązań krajów członkowskich Unii Europejskiej w odniesieniu do zaangażowania pieniędzy przeznaczanych z budżetu, a także środków poza budżetowych na badania i rozwój.