bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When Military Uniforms Change into Prison Uniforms: Military Prison Incarceration Among Ethiopian Soldiers in the Israel Defense Forces
Authors: Itzik Lea , Walsh Sophie D.
Published: May 2023

In contrast with studies examining the incarceration experience in civil prisons, there is a lack of literature and theory focusing on the military prison incarceration experience. The present retrospective qualitative study explored the experience of 27 Ethiopian-Israelis, an overrepresented population in Israeli military prison, incarcerated during their military service due to desertion offenses. Two main themes developed from the interviews: (a) the military prison as a tool to achieve personal goals and (b) Self-perception as victims of the system. Findings suggest that military prison incarceration may be a different experience to that of civilian incarceration, at times lacking the negative psychological described in literature on civil incarceration. On a theoretical level, results suggest that the incarceration experience may not be universal but, rather, dependent on the social and cultural context and meaning of the incarceration for the individual involved.
From Natural to Novel: The Cognition-Broadening Effects of Contact With Nature at Work on Creativity
Authors: Tang Pok Man , Klotz Anthony , McClean Shawn , Lee Randy
Published: May 2023

Historical and contemporary accounts suggest that natural elements can facilitate creativity in one's work. Despite this potential connection, researchers have largely overlooked how nature may enhance employees’ creativity, an oversight that takes on additional meaningfulness in light of increasing investments by organizations in work designs that bring employees in contact with nature. In this paper, we draw from attention restoration theory (ART) to develop a model explaining how contact with nature at work may affect employee creativity—via broader cognitive processing. In addition, we follow the guidance of ART to deepen our understanding of for whom the creativity-generating effects of nature will be most impactful. Specifically, we describe how employees with high levels of openness to experience are particularly primed to experience expanded cognitive processing due to contact with nature at work. We test this model using a mixed-method research approach: two online experiments in the United States (Studies 1 and 2); two multiwave, multisource field studies in Taiwan and Indonesia (Studies 3 and 4), and an experience-sampling field study in Canada (Study 5).
Evaluation of general and sports nutritional knowledge of recreational athletes
Authors: Boucherville Pereira Isabela Simões de , Lima Karen Rodrigues , Teodoro da Silva Raquel Cristina , Pereira Rafaela Corrêa , Fernandes da Silva Sandro , Gomes de Moura Anselmo , César de Abreu Wilson
Published: May 2023

Background: Nutritional knowledge is one of the factors that can lead to adopting healthy eating habits and, consequently, favoring sports performance. Aim: The study aimed to assess the nutritional knowledge and its subsections general and sports nutritional knowledge of recreational athletes. Methods: A validated, translated, and adapted 35-item questionnaire was used to assess total (TNK), general—GNK (11 questions), and sports—SNK (24 questions) nutritional knowledge. The Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (ANSKQ) was provided online using Google Forms. Four hundred and nine recreational athletes (male: 173, female: 236, age  =  32.4  ±  9.6 years) completed the questionnaire. Results: The mean TNK (50.7%) and GNK (62.7%) scores were classified as “average” and higher than SNK (45.2%), which was classified as “poor.” Male participants had SNK and TNK scores higher than females, but not for GNK. The youngest participants (18–24 years) had TNK, SNK, and GNK scores higher than other age groups ( p < 0.05). Participants who reported previous nutritional appointments with a nutritionist had higher TNK, SNK, and GNK scores than those without it ( p < 0.05). Those with “advanced” formal nutrition education (university students, graduate, or postgraduate in Nutrition) scored higher than those of groups “none” and “intermediate,” for TNK (advanced  =  69.9%, intermediate  =  52.9%, and none  =  45.0%, p < 0.0001), GNK (advanced  =  74.7%, intermediate  =  63.8%, and none  =  59.2%, p < 0.0001), and SNK, (advanced  =  67.5%, intermediate  =  48.0%, and none  =  38.5%, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Results suggest a lack of nutritional knowledge in recreational athletes, mainly those without an appointment with a registered nutritionist and formal nutritional education.
Effects of Moringa oleifera leaves on the blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile of type 2 diabetic subjects: A parallel group randomized clinical trial of efficacy
Authors: C. Afiaenyi Ifeoma , K. Ngwu Elizabeth , M. Okafor Adaobi , Ayogu Rufina NB
Published: May 2023

Background

There is a paucity of information on the antidiabetic potential of graded amounts of Moringa leaves on diabetes human subjects.

Aim

To ascertain the effeccts of Moringa leaves on type 2 diabetic subjects’ blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile levels in a rural Nigerian community.

Methods

This study adopted a parallel group randomized control design. Participants included 40 adult male and female diabetic subjects who met the inclusion criteria and consented to participate in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to four groups. The control group was fed diets without Moringa oleifera leaves while the experimental groups received 20, 40, and 60 g of Moringa leaves respectively daily for 14 days in addition to the diets. The subjects’ baseline data and post-intervention data were collected before and after the intervention, respectively. Data were analyzed using paired-sample t-test and analysis of covariance. Significance was accepted at p < 0.05.

Results

The mean fasting blood glucose levels in all the groups did not differ significantly from one another. Group 3 had significantly ( p = 0.01) lower mean systolic pressure (from 136.40 ± 7.66 to 123.90 ± 13.82) after the intervention. Group 3 subjects had a significant ( p = 0.04) increase in their triglyceride values (from 123.80 ± 53.69 before intervention to 151.20 ± 41.47) after intervention. After adjusting for the pre-intervention values, there was no significant ( p > 0.05) difference in all the parameters at the end of the intervention.

Conclusion

There were marginal improvements in the parameters assessed which were not dose-dependent.
A quality improvement initiative to increase adult ECMO decision-making abilities in a perfusion education program: The use of 3D ECMO simulation
Authors: McIntyre Angela , Schroder Garrett , Amadi Adannaya , Jimenez Michael , Marflak John , Dell’Aiera Laura , Fitzgerald David
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Adult and pediatric ECMO procedures have been increasingly established as conventional life-saving modalities in critical care services across the world. Since 2017, a multidisciplinary team of program advisors for our perfusion education program have aimed to increase cardiovascular perfusion (CVP) student ECMO exposure and improve clinical decision-making. In this QI intervention, the use of 3D computer-based simulation was assessed in establishing a standardized process to improve the diagnosis and treatment of adult ECMO complications among first year CVP students.

Methods

The Califia 3D Patient Simulator was incorporated into the curriculum for first year CVP students ( n = 26) along with traditional lecture for the adult ECMO complication laboratory session. Pre-class knowledge assessments using de-identified polling software were compared to post-class assessments following the first assigned learning activity. Assessments from students that received simulation before lecture (SIM, n = 15) were compared to students receiving lecture before simulation (LEC, n = 11). User experience questionnaires (UEQ) consisting of 26 questions for six scales of simulation instruction were administered to measure the comprehensive impression of the student experience.

Results

Overall median [IQR] pre- and -post knowledge assessment scores were 74% [11] and 84% [11], respectively ( p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in pre-class assessment scores between the SIM and LEC groups (74.0% and 74.0%, respectively, p = 0.959). The LEC group achieved higher median post-assessment scores than the SIM group (84% vs 79%, p = 0.032). Among the 26 UEQ survey scales, 23 were positively evaluated (>0.8), and three were a neutral evaluation (−0.8 to 0.8). Cronbach Alpha-Coefficients of >0.78 were measured for attractiveness, perspicuity, efficacy, and stimulation. The coefficient for dependability was 0.37. 25 (96.2%) students indicated that 3D simulation was beneficial to improving ECMO clinical decision-making.

Conclusions

In this QI intervention, the implementation of computer-based 3D simulation following lecture was perceived by learners to help improve the diagnosis and treatment of ECMO-related complications.
Real-world retrospective review of monotherapy following platinum-based chemotherapy for metastatic urothelial cancer
Authors: Uchida Hideaki , Obinata Daisuke , Takada Shogo , Yoshizawa Tsuyoshi , Mochida Junichi , Yamaguchi Kenya , Takahashi Satoru
Published: May 2023

Objective

To compare estimated survival times of patients who had received maintenance monotherapy with gemcitabine (GEM), or an immuno-oncology (IO) drug (i.e., pembrolizumab or avelumab) or both therapies (one after the other) following platinum-based combination chemotherapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) in a real-world setting.

Methods

For this retrospective study, we included consecutive patients with metastatic UC who had received first-line platinum-based chemotherapy followed by second-line treatment at our centre from March 2008 to June 2020.

Results

Of the 74 patients identified, 58 had received monotherapy as second line treatment, and 16 had received combination chemotherapy (i.e., non-monotherapy). The estimated median duration of survival was significantly longer in the monotherapy group compared with the non-monotherapy group (29 vs 7 months). Multivariate analysis showed that the outcome of the first-line chemotherapy treatment was the most important prognostic factor for survival. There was no significant difference in survival times between monotherapy with GEM or IO drugs. In addition, survival was significantly prolonged when GEM therapy was administered following IO drugs compared with GEM therapy alone.

Conclusion

Monotherapy following primary chemotherapy for advanced UC significantly prolonged survival times, and IO drug therapy remained effective when followed by GEM single agent maintenance therapy.
Pathology and infectious agents of unionid mussels: A primer for pathologists in disease surveillance and investigation of mortality events
Authors: Knowles Susan , Dennis Michelle , McElwain Andrew , Leis Eric , Richard Jordan
Published: May 2023

Freshwater mussels are one of the most imperiled groups of organisms in the world, and more than 30 species have gone extinct in the last century. While habitat alteration and destruction have contributed to the declines, the role of disease in mortality events is unclear. In an effort to involve veterinary pathologists in disease surveillance and the investigation of freshwater mussel mortality events, we provide information on the conservation status of unionids, sample collection and processing techniques, and unique and confounding anatomical and physiological differences. We review the published accounts of pathology and infectious agents described in freshwater mussels including neoplasms, viruses, bacteria, fungi, fungal-like agents, ciliated protists, Aspidogastrea, Digenea, Nematoda, Acari, Diptera, and Odonata. Of the identified infectious agents, a single viral disease, Hyriopsis cumingii plague disease, that occurs only in cultured mussels is known to cause high mortality. Parasites including ciliates, trematodes, nematodes, mites, and insects may decrease host fitness, but are not known to cause mortality. Many of the published reports identify infectious agents at the light or ultrastructural microscopy level with no lesion or molecular characterization. Although metagenomic analyses provide sequence information for infectious agents, studies often fail to link the agents to tissue changes at the light or ultrastructural level or confirm their role in disease. Pathologists can bridge this gap between identification of infectious agents and confirmation of disease, participate in disease surveillance to ensure successful propagation programs necessary to restore decimated populations, and investigate mussel mortality events to document pathology and identify causality.
Gone Fishin’: Perceiving the length of one object that is non-rigidly attached to a wielded object
Authors: Wagman Jeffrey B. , Duffrin Tyler , Pagano Christopher C. , Day Brian M.
Published: May 2023

We performed four experiments to investigate whether people can perceive the length of a target object (a “fish”) that is attached to a freely wielded object (the “fishing pole”) by a length of string, and if so, whether this ability is grounded in the sensitivity of the touch system to invariant mechanical parameters that describe the forces and torques required to move the target object. In particular, we investigated sensitivity to mass, static moment, and rotational inertia—the forces required to keep an object from falling due to gravity, the torque required to keep an object from rotating due to gravity, and the torques required to actively rotate an object in different directions, respectively. We manipulated the length of the target object (Experiment 1), the mass of the target object (Experiment 2), and the mass distribution of the target object (Experiments 3 and 4). Overall, the results of the four experiments showed that participants can perform this task. Moreover, when the task is configured such that it more closely approximates a wielding at a distance task, the ability to do so is grounded in sensitivity to such forces and torques.
Perspectives of Youth With LGBTQ+ Parents: Feelings of Openness and Acceptance Toward Others, Oneself, and Family
Authors: Burand Calisse R. , Cashen Krystal K. , Simon Kay A. , Farr Rachel H.
Published: May 2023

Youth with LGBTQ+ parents may feel that their parents’ LGBTQ+ identity impacted their lives because of unique experiences such as LGBTQ+ family socialization. Guided by family systems, queer, and social constructionism theories, we explored this question via in-depth interviews with 49 youth (8 with minoritized gender identities and 25 with minoritized sexual identities) between 12 and 25 years old ( Mage = 19.51, SD = 3.48) in the United States, and who had at least one LGBTQ+ parent. Using inductive thematic analysis, four themes were identified: (1) feelings of openness and acceptance toward the self; (2) feelings of openness and acceptance toward others; (3) feelings of openness and acceptance toward their family; and (4) perceptions of normalcy. Many endorsed these themes and reported that they felt this way specifically due to their parents’ LGBTQ+ identities. Youth were asked about their thoughts related to future families. These themes were considered in relation to their family formation (e.g., adoption; donor insemination). This research indicates that youth with LGBTQ+ parents may experience unique socialization about openness and acceptance in the context of their families. This research is important in informing culturally competent practice for other youth, parents, and those who serve LGBTQ+ parent families.
Sensitive Timing: A Reappraisal of Chronobiology’s Foundational Texts
Authors: Emery Patrick , Klarsfeld André , Stanewsky Ralf , Shafer Orie T.
Published: May 2023

The origin of experimental chronobiology can be traced to observations made in the 18th and 19th centuries on the sensitive plant Mimosa, which were described in two seminal reports: Jean-Jacques d’Ortous de Mairan’s “ Observation Botanique” (A Botanical Observation) and Augustin Pyramus de Candolle’s “ Du sommeil des feuilles” ( On the sleep of leaves). Both report observations of the striking daily closing and opening of Mimosa leaves in controlled environments. This review presents translations of both texts with the aim of staying as faithful as possible to the original French texts. We also present the historical context in which these texts were written and link them to subsequent experiments that aimed at testing the veracity of their central conclusions. In particular, we definitely establish that Mairan himself presented his work to the French Royal Academy of Sciences, while the published report of his observation was authored by Fontenelle, the Secretary of the Academy. In addition, we offer a translation of Mairan’s own presentation, based on the hand-written minutes of the academy. Finally, we discuss the decades of work on plant rhythms that laid the foundation for modern experimental chronobiology, including translations and discussion of the insightful and prescient reports by Charles François de Cisternay Dufay, Henri Louis Duhamel du Monceau, Johann Gottfried Zinn, and Wilhelm Pfeffer, which describe their efforts to reproduce and extend Mairan’s pioneering observations.
Biomarker-Concordant Steroid Administration in Severe Coronavirus Disease-2019
Authors: Tekin Aysun , Domecq Juan P. , Valencia Morales Diana J. , Surapeneni Krishna Mohan , Zabolotskikh Igor B. , Cartin-Ceba Rodrigo , Clevenbergh Philippe , Mesland Jean-Baptiste , Claure-Del Granado Rolando , Gavidia Oscar Y. , Kumar Vishakha K. , Kashyap Rahul , Walkey Allan J. , Gajic Ognjen , Odeyemi Yewande ,   From the Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS): COVID-19 Registry Investigator Group
Published: May 2023

Background

Although corticosteroids have become the standard of care for patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on supplemental oxygen, there is growing evidence of differential treatment response. This study aimed to evaluate if there was an association between biomarker-concordant corticosteroid treatment and COVID-19 outcomes.

Methods

This registry-based cohort study included adult COVID-19 hospitalized patients between January 2020 and December 2021 from 109 institutions. Patients with available C-reactive protein (CRP) levels within 48 h of admission were evaluated. Those on steroids before admission, stayed in the hospital for <48 h, or were not on oxygen support were excluded. Corticosteroid treatment was biomarker-concordant if given with high baseline CRP ≥150 mg/L or withheld with low CRP (<150 mg/L) and vice-versa was considered discordant (low CRP with steroids, high CRP without steroids). Hospital mortality was the primary outcome. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using varying CRP level thresholds. The model interaction was tested to determine steroid effectiveness with increasing CRP levels.

Results

Corticosteroid treatment was biomarker-concordant in 1778 (49%) patients and discordant in 1835 (51%). The concordant group consisted of higher-risk patients than the discordant group. After adjusting for covariates, the odds of in-hospital mortality were significantly lower in the concordant group than the discordant (odds ratio [95% confidence interval (C.I.)] = 0.71 [0.51, 0.98]). Similarly, adjusted mortality difference was significant at the CRP thresholds of 100 and 200 mg/L (odds ratio [95% C.I.] = 0.70 [0.52, 0.95] and 0.57 [0.38, 0.85], respectively), and concordant steroid use was associated with lower need for invasive ventilation for 200 mg/L threshold (odds ratio [95% C.I.] = 0.52 [0.30, 0.91]). In contrast, no outcome benefit was observed at CRP threshold of 50. When the model interaction was tested, steroids were more effective at reducing mortality as CRP levels increased.

Conclusion

Biomarker-concordant corticosteroid treatment was associated with lower odds of in-hospital mortality in severe COVID-19.
Judgments and Attributions of Intimate Partner Violence in China: The Role of Directionality, Gender Stereotypicality, and Ambivalent Sexism
Authors: Tie Lei , Zheng Yong
Published: May 2023

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health problem worldwide. IPV-related perceptions and attitudes are linked to IPV’s actual perpetration and related victimization. There is a typical gender paradigm in IPV, wherein women are victims and men are perpetrators, which influences judgments toward IPV. Some socio-cultural norms or unjust notions of gender are also intertwined with this paradigm and influence perceptions of IPV. This study explored judgments and attributions of IPV in the Chinese context while extensively considering directionality, gender stereotypes, and ambivalent sexism by surveying 887 participants online. Participants read 1 of 12 scenarios and made judgments and attributions of responsibility regarding IPV. The results indicate that hostile sexism is negatively correlated with IPV perception but positively correlated with its justification. The direction of perpetration and gender stereotypicality had some main effects on judgments of IPV, and there were some interactions between these factors. The perception level of IPV involving a traditional male partner was higher when the man was the perpetrator or when his female partner was traditional. In the unidirectional IPV scenarios, the perpetrators were judged as significantly more responsible than the victims, while in the bidirectional IPV scenarios, men were judged as significantly more responsible than women. Moreover, the relationship between gender stereotypicality and responsibility attributions to female partners was significantly moderated by benevolent sexism (BS). Participants with a high level of BS tended to attribute less responsibility to traditional women than non-traditional women in bidirectional IPV scenarios. Future studies on IPV should pay attention to the influence of directionality and gender stereotypes. More efforts ought to be made to reduce IPV and overcome gender role stereotypes and sexism.
Discrepancies in Mother–Child Reports of Child’s Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence: Associations With Externalizing Symptoms
Authors: Lamela Diogo , Jongenelen Inês
Published: May 2023

The type and frequency of children’s exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) are considered as key variables in understanding children’s heightened risk of externalizing symptoms. Notably, children’s exposure to IPV has been primarily measured using mothers’ reports of their own victimization. However, mothers and children might differently perceive children’s exposure to physical IPV. To date, no research has investigated multi-rater reporting discrepancies in child’s exposure to physical IPV and whether such discrepancies would be linked to externalizing symptoms. This study aimed to identify patterns of mother–child discrepancies in child’s exposure to physical IPV and examine whether those patterns would be associated with children’s externalizing symptoms. Participants were mothers who have experienced police-reported male-perpetrated IPV and their children ( n = 153; 4–10 years). Latent profile analysis identified three profiles of mother–child discrepancies: a concordant group reporting high IPV exposure; a discordant group with mothers and children reporting high and low child’s IPV exposure, respectively; a second discordant group with mothers and children reporting low and moderate IPV exposure, respectively. Profiles of mother–child discrepancies were differentially associated with children’s externalizing symptoms. Findings suggest that discrepancies among informants’ ratings of children’s IPV exposure might have important implications for measurement, assessment, and treatment.
Sexual Assault, Posttraumatic Stress, Alcohol Use, and Suicidality Among Diverse College Students
Authors: Gilmore Amanda K. , López Cristina M. , Mullican Kelly Nicole , Davis Kelly Cue , Leone Ruschelle M. , Orchowski Lindsay M. , Kaysen Debra , Moreland Angela D.
Published: May 2023

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among college-aged populations. This study examined the association of demographics (sexual orientation, gender identity, age, and race), sexual assault, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and alcohol use with suicidality, current urge to self-harm, and current suicidal intent among a diverse sample of college students ( n = 2,160) from two universities. Over half of participants reported any suicidality (63.5%), 12% reported current urge to harm themselves, and 5% reported current suicidal intent. A linear regression indicated that participants who identified as a sexual minority, gender minority, consumed more drinks per week, and had more severe PTSS reported higher levels of suicidality. University also was associated with suicidality. A negative binomial regression demonstrated that participants who identified as a sexual minority and had more severe PTSS had more current urge to harm themselves. Further, a negative binomial regression demonstrated that first-generation college students, students with more severe sexual assault histories, and students with more severe PTSS had higher current suicidal intent. Findings suggest that risk factors may differ for college students’ general suicidality, self-harm urges, and suicidal intent, suggesting that these may be separate constructs. More comprehensive models, incorporating multiple risk factors and multiple ways of assessing suicidality, are needed to better understand the range of college student suicidal behavior and risks.
Affiliation With Delinquent Peers as a Mediator of the Relationships Between Family Conflict and School Bullying: A Short-Term Longitudinal Panel Study
Authors: Chen Ji-Kang , Yang Boyuan , Lin Chung-Ying , Wang Li-Chih
Published: May 2023

Despite a hypothesized link between family conflict and school bullying perpetration, previous findings on the direct association have been inconsistent. It has been argued that affiliation with delinquent peers may be a potential psychosocial mechanism mediating the relationships between family conflict and school perpetration. However, such a proposition has not been examined employing longitudinal panel data. Using longitudinal panel data (two waves with a 9-month interval) from Hong Kong collected from 424 lower secondary students (grades 7–9), this study examined how affiliation with delinquent peers mediates the relationships between family conflict and adolescent school perpetration. The results of the half-longitudinal mediation model indicated no significant link between family conflict at T1 and school bullying perpetration at T2. However, family conflict at T1 was indirectly linked to school bullying perpetration at T2 through affiliation with delinquent peers. The findings imply that affiliation with delinquent peers mediates the association between family conflict and adolescent school bullying perpetration. The findings provide insights into the future development of policies and interventions to reduce school bullying perpetration.
The Association of Vaping With Social/Emotional Health and Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Mitigation Measures in Adolescent and Young Adult Cohorts During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Oliver Alicia L. , Kossowsky Joe , Minegishi Machiko , Levy Sharon , Weitzman Elissa R.
Published: May 2023

Background:

Vaping is a major health risk behavior which often occurs socially. Limited social activity during the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to worsening social and emotional health. We investigated associations among youth vaping, and reports of worsening mental health, loneliness, and relationships with friends and romantic partners (ie, social health), as well as perceived attitudes toward COVID-19 mitigation measures.

Methods:

From October 2020 to May 2021, a clinical convenience sample of adolescents and young adults (AYA) reported on their past-year substance use, including vaping, their mental health, COVID-19 related exposures and impacts, and their attitudes toward non-pharmaceutical COVID-19 mitigation interventions, via a confidential electronic survey. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to estimate associations among vaping and social/emotional health.

Results:

Of 474 AYA (mean age = 19.3 (SD = 1.6) years; 68.6% female), 36.9% reported vaping in the prior 12 months. AYA who self-reported vaping were more likely than non-vaping AYA to report worsening: anxiety/worry (81.1%; P = .036), mood (78.9%; P = .028), eating (64.6%; P = .015), sleep (54.3%; P = .019), family discord (56.6%; P = .034), and substance use (54.9%; P < .001). Participants who vaped also reported easy access to nicotine (63.4%; P < .001) and cannabis products (74.9%; P < .001). No difference in perceived change in social wellbeing was seen between the groups. In adjusted models, vaping was associated with symptoms of depression (AOR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.06-3.29), less social distancing (AOR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.11-2.98), lower perceived importance of proper mask wearing (AOR = 3.22; 95% CI = 1.50-6.93), and less regular use of masks (AOR = 2.98; 95% CI = 1.29-6.84).

Conclusions:

We found evidence that vaping was associated with symptoms of depression and lower compliance with non-pharmaceutical COVID-19 mitigation efforts among AYA during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Training Providers of People Who Use Drugs to Offer Hepatitis C Treatment: A Washington State Initiative
Authors: James Jocelyn R. , Tsui Judith I.
Published: May 2023

To address hepatitis C infection (HCV) treatment gaps among people who use drugs (PWUD), a statewide initiative trained buprenorphine waiver trainers to offer an optional HCV treatment module to waiver trainees. Five of twelve trained buprenorphine trainers went on to conduct HCV sessions at waiver trainings, reaching 57 trainees. Word-of-mouth led to multiple additional presentations by the project team, suggesting an unmet need for more education about treating HCV among PWUD. A post-session survey suggested that participant views on the importance of treating HCV among PWUD changed and that almost all felt confident to treat uncomplicated HCV. While limitations of this evaluation include that no baseline survey was conducted and that the survey response rate was low, findings suggest that among providers who care for PWUD, limited training may be adequate to change views about treating HCV. Future research is needed to explore models of care that will support providers to prescribe lifesaving direct-acting antiviral medications to PWUD with HCV.
Effect of tip clearance flow on pressure oscillation and vortex patterns of a high-speed centrifugal pump
Authors: Tang Xin , Jiang Wei , Zhang Yang , Li Ye , Wang Yuchuan , Chen Diyi
Published: May 2023

In a micro centrifugal pump with tip clearance working at high speed, the pressure fluctuation and complex vortex structures related to the tip leakage flow are conducted. The external characteristics calculated by the numerical simulation and experiment method agree well, and the maximum deviation of the simulated pump head and efficiency compared with the experimental data is less than 5%. The vortex structures induced by the tip clearance flow, which is less influenced by the flow conditions, can be divided into four categories, namely backflow vortex, passage vortex, primary tip clearance flow (PTLV), and separation TLV (STLV). The evolution of these vortex structures is described by the relative vorticity transport equation, using the relative vortex stretching, Coriolis force, and viscous diffusion. The PTLV starts from the corner of blade tip gap near the leading edge (LE), and breaks away into the STLV in the region of 0.7 R* to 0.8 R* owing to the pushing effect of the secondary tip leakage flow. To analyze the leakage flow quantitatively, the relative velocity in the gap region is decomposed. The results show that the local maximal and minimal values of the normal component correspond to the start position of the PTLV and the separation region of the STLV, respectively. Besides, the passage vortex has the greatest contribution to the pressure pulsation of the passage from main blade to main blade (MB). But the dominant frequency of the pressure alterations has little to do with the vortex, and mainly depends on the rotor-stator interaction (RSI) between the impeller and volute tongue. The results could be referred to improve the efficiency and operational stability of the high-speed centrifugal pumps.
Study of distribution mechanism for high water-based hydraulic motor
Authors: Yu Mingquan , Zhao Jiyun , Man Jiaxiang , Wang Yunfei , Gao Qingwen
Published: May 2023

In coal mining, food manufacturing, and underwater applications, high water-based hydraulic motors (HWBHM) offer the advantages of high specific power and media friendliness. The water motors in these applications maintain the traditional structure and only replace the working medium with a high water-based fluid. However, the conventional plate flow distribution structures are limited by severe leakage, especially at low speeds and high pressure. In the context of underground emulsion drive systems for mining, a valve flow distribution mechanism comprising the valve and pentagon-wheel is proposed. Intaking and discharging processes of the motor are controlled by the valves, which are driven by the pentagon-wheel motion. A model of the motor is established using the AMESim simulation method to validate the feasibility of the new distribution structure. The numerical investigation into the flow filed characteristics inside valves shows that the valve seat with half-cone-angle of 45° improves the service life of the distribution structure. Performance experiment of a first-generation prototype revealed that pressure can be quickly built up in the plunger chamber at different conditions. Compared with traditional flow distribution mechanism, leakage of the valve flow distribution mechanism is 0.15 ml/min, which significantly improves the volumetric efficiency of the motor. The new flow distribution mechanism works well at high pressure, low speeds, and water-based medium working conditions.
Cultures in Water-Scarce Environments Are More Long-Term Oriented
Authors: Harati Hamidreza , Talhelm Thomas
Published: May 2023

Why do some cultures invest more for the long term, whereas others emphasize living in the moment? We took advantage of a natural experiment in Iran to test the theory that long-term water scarcity is an important cause of differences in long-term orientation and indulgence. We found that Iranians in a water-scarce province reported more long-term orientation and less indulgence than did Iranians in a nearby water-rich province (Study 1, N = 331). In a field study, Iranians in the water-scarce province sent more résumés for a long-term job ad we posted, whereas Iranians in the water-rich province sent more résumés for a short-term, flexible job (Study 2, N = 182). College students in Iran primed to think about increasing water scarcity in the environment endorsed long-term orientation more and indulgence less (Study 3, N = 211). Across 82 countries, long-run water scarcity predicted long-term orientation (Study 4). In sum, cultures in water-scarce environments value thinking for the long term more and indulgence less.
Authenticization: Consuming commodified authenticity to become “authentic” subjects
Authors: Plesa Patric
Published: May 2023

Research on authenticity continues to grow in diverse fields and under various definitions. I argue that the concept of authenticity has become a marketable self-branding strategy to meet the ends of neoliberal capitalism with often consequential and contradictory effects on subjectivity. Using Lehman et al.’s (2019) review of the various definitions of authenticity in the literature, I claim that a process I am calling authenticization overlaps the diverse and contradictory definitions to produce commodified forms of authenticity. The production and consumption of commodified forms of authenticity reflect the neoliberal norms of individualization, responsibilization, and self-governance, which, through the process of authenticization, become values that reshape “authentic” self-expression. Self-understanding and freedom are compromised in the production and consumption of commodified forms of authenticity with potential consequences for identity and mental health.
‘Native woodnotes wild’: Shakespeare, his contemporaries, and the syntax of negation
Authors: Ingham Richard , Ingham Michael
Published: May 2023

This paper builds on findings on variation in Elizabethan grammar, analysing the syntax of negation in a large number of Shakespearean stage dramas and those of his contemporaries. It shows that Shakespeare differed substantially from them grammatically and stylistically. His contemporaries most often adhered to the emerging standard pattern of avoiding Subject-Verb syntax and multiple negation, whereas Shakespeare made much greater use of it, especially in coordinate contexts. In other contexts, use of multiple negation by other authors was usually for characterological purposes, whereas in Shakespeare it is employed as a stylistic resource regardless of the character’s social standing. These findings are interpreted against the background of sociolinguistic research on diachronic English syntax, showing that higher-status individuals led the change away from multiple negation. The differing outcomes are related to Shakespeare’s provincial background and non-participation in a university milieu, distinguishing him from the ‘golden triangle’ background of his contemporary dramatists.
Transiting Back Home: Caregivers’ Lived Experiences in Caring for Loved Ones on the Nasogastric Tube in the Home-Setting in Singapore
Authors: Loke Samantha Xin Yu , Chew Esther Yin Hui , Siew An Ling , Glass George Frederick , Chan Ee Yuee
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

Little is understood about caregivers’ lived experiences when first caring for patients on the nasogastric tube at home in an Asian setting. To enhance understanding, our study aimed to chart these caregivers’ psycho-emotional evolutions felt during such caregiving experiences in Singapore.

Method:

Utilizing purposive sampling, a descriptive phenomenological study was performed, with semi-structured interviews of 10 caregivers of persons on nasogastric tube feeding conducted. Thematic analysis was utilized.

Results:

Our findings chart four psycho-emotional transitions of a caregiver’s journey in nasogastric tube feeding and the cultural dynamics involved—(a) Disruption of Caregivers’ Normality: Attempting to Grasp Reality, (b) Encountering Road-Blocks: Despondency Arises and Frustrations Abound, (c) Adjusting to the New Normal: Reclaiming Confidence and Positivity, (d) Thriving and Integrating into the New Normal, and (e) Cultural Dynamics At Play.

Discussion:

Our findings illuminate the understanding of caregivers’ varying needs, guiding delivery of culturally-congruent caregiver support targeted at each psycho-emotional evolution.
“We’re All Pretty Welcoming”: Inclusion of Children With Disabilities in Library Storytime Programs
Authors: Daskalakes Derek T. M. , Cahill Maria
Published: May 2023

Public library storytimes provide rich learning opportunities for young children and their caregivers, yet little is known about how inclusive they are for children with disabilities and developmental delays (CwD/DD). The purpose of this study was to identify and describe ways that librarians support the inclusion of CwD/DD and their caregivers in storytime programs. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 34 librarians who provide storytime programs in public libraries in three states and analyzed them using iterative and inductive coding processes. Findings indicate that librarians are aware of the acute need to support diverse populations within their service communities and are collectively using a wide range of accommodations and strategies to facilitate their inclusion. However, on an individual level, they feel under-equipped to do so. Findings from this study highlight the need for further training and raise important questions regarding the equity of storytime programs for children with invisible disabilities, the potential reduction of diversity within storytime programs, and the potential value of establishing formal avenues of knowledge sharing.
Ovarian Mucinous Tumor Presenting Atypical Lobular Endocervical Glandular Hyperplasia-Like Appearance in a Patient With Germline STK11 p.F354L Variant: A Case Report
Authors: Yoshida Hiroshi , Hiranuma Kengo , Nakahara Mariko , Kobayashi-Kato Mayumi , Tanase Yasuhito , Uno Masaya , Shiraishi Kouya , Ishikawa Mitsuya , Kato Tomoyasu
Published: May 2023

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is associated with female genital lesions, such as cervical gastric-type adenocarcinoma and lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH). However, ovarian mucinous borderline tumors (OMBT) with atypical LEGH-like histology have not been described. The patient was a 60-year-old female with PJS clinically diagnosed at 23 years old with gastrointestinal polyposis. Abdominal distension was noted, and computed tomography scan revealed bilateral breast masses, multiple lung nodules, and a multicystic ovarian tumor. A needle biopsy revealed invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. For the ovarian tumor, simple hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. The left ovarian tumor was 25 × 20 × 12 cm in size and a multicystic tumor containing yellowish mucus without a solid part. Histologically, the cyst wall was covered with mucus cells with focal mild-to-moderate cellular atypia, forming LEGH-like architectures. The glandular cells were immunohistochemically positive for MUC5AC, MUC6 (focal), HIK1083 (focal), and HNF4α. Stromal invasion was not observed. Cervical lesions were not observed. The final pathological diagnosis was OMBT showing atypical LEGH morphology. Targeted sequencing of nontumor tissues revealed the germline STK11 p.F354L variant. Six months later, peritoneal dissemination of adenocarcinoma showing features similar to those of the ovarian tumor was observed, and the patient died of the disease. In summary, we report a case of OMBT with an atypical LEGH-like appearance in a patient with germline STK11 p.F354L variant. This case provides us with unresolved questions regarding the pathogenicity of this STK11 variant and the malignant potential of OMBT with this unusual morphology.
Residual signal–based condition monitoring of planetary gearbox using electrical signature analysis
Authors: Sharma Snehsheel , Tiwari Shalabh Kumar
Published: May 2023

Electrical signature–based technique, due to its non-intrusive nature, is very useful for condition monitoring of rotary machines. Major challenge is the dominance of line frequency in the current signature. The present study focused on decreasing this dominance of the line frequency by obtaining the residual signals through autoregressive modeling. The residual signals are used further to extract the health-related features. The recently developed weighted multi-scale fluctuation-based dispersion entropy features are extracted as health indicators. The extracted health indicators are used for classification of different types of planetary gearbox faults. The results reflect that the proposed methodology has the potential for diagnosing different types of planetary gearbox faults with acceptable accuracy values.
Self- and Other-Orientation in High Rank: A Cultural Psychological Approach to Social Hierarchy
Authors: Gobel Matthias S. , Miyamoto Yuri
Published: May 2023

Social hierarchy is one fundamental aspect of social living, structuring interactions in families, teams, and entire societies. In this review, we put forward a cultural psychological approach to social hierarchy, positing that rank differences are embedded within larger cultural meaning systems, which shape how high rank is attained or conferred and how social hierarchy affords behavior and psychology. We then examine manifestations of hierarchy in two cultural meaning systems: Western and East Asian cultural contexts. Accumulating evidence on collective, interpersonal, and individual processes suggests cultural similarities in self-orientation but cultural differences in other-orientation of high-ranking individuals. Such literature reveal how thought and behavior within social hierarchies and cultural beliefs, values, and norms mutually constitute each other. We close with a discussion of how the present review is a stepping stone for future research and of remaining questions to further advance social hierarchy research across wider and more diverse cultural contexts.

Public Abstract

Social hierarchy is one fundamental aspect of human life, structuring interactions in families, teams, and entire societies. In this review, we put forward a new theory about how social hierarchy is shaped by the wider societal contexts (i.e., cultures). Comparing East Asian and Western cultural contexts, we show how culture comprises societal beliefs about who can raise to high rank (e.g., become a leader), shapes interactions between high- and low-ranking individuals (e.g., in a team), and influences human thought and behavior in social hierarchies. Overall, we find cultural similarities, in that high-ranking individuals are agentic and self-oriented in both cultural contexts. But we also find important cross-cultural differences. In East Asian cultural contexts, high-ranking individuals are also other oriented; they are also concerned about the people around them and their relationships. We close with a call to action, suggesting studying social hierarchies in more diverse cultural contexts.
Marking Techniques for Targeted Axillary Dissection Among Patients With Node-Positive Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Gante Inês , Maldonado João Pedro , Figueiredo Dias Margarida
Published: May 2023

Invasive breast cancer with axillary lymph node (LN) invasion is a continuing problem worldwide. The morbidity associated with axillary LN dissection along with the high rate of nodal downstaging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) made the standard treatment shift towards less invasive surgery. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after NACT is associated with high false-negative rates (13%-14%). To overcome this problem, it was concluded that the positive nodes should first be indicated with image-detectable markers and then removed together with SLNB: targeted axillary dissection (TAD). This review aims to describe and evaluate the different marking techniques for TAD in patients with node-positive breast cancer treated with NACT, namely: clip placement and guidewire localization; clip placement and 125I-labelled radioactive seed localization; clip placement and skin mark; clip placement and intraoperative ultrasound; tattooing with a sterile black carbon suspension; magnetic seeds; radar and infrared light technology localization. Targeted axillary dissection techniques have shown false-negative rates below 9% and identification rates above 95%. The most studied technique is guidewire localization, as it is also the oldest one. However, according to data gathered from this review, some newer techniques have shown to be very promising due to their statistical results and management factors.