bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN KEPUASAN KERJA DENGAN TURNOVER PERAWAT DI RUMAH SAKIT AWAL BROS PANAM TAHUN 2017
Authors: Muharni Sri
Published: July 2021

Turnover is employees cessation from the workplace voluntarily or moved from one place to another. Data nurses turnover was supported by American Health Care Association (AHCA) survey report in 2011, which 2 million staff of hospital health in the United States obtained that 1.3 million staff (66%) were nurses. Data nurses turnover in RSAB Panam quite high because turnover nurse January - December 2015 was 13.1% and the period of January - December 2016 was 11.6. Turnover will impact to the nursing shortage staff, who will ultimately have adverse impact on hospital services, less handled patients, exhausted nurses, thus creating a return nurse turnover. The aim of this research is to find out the relationship of job satisfaction with the nurses turnover at Awal Bros Panam Hospital. This research method used descriptive correlation design with cross sectional approach. The sample in this study was all nurses with a working period of ≤ 2 years per month of August 2017 were choosen selected using total sampling technique. The results showed that dissatisfied nurses work in RSAB Panam was 42 people (58.3%) and turn over nurses currently high was 42 nurses (58.3%). Based on statistical test of chi square, p value = 0,027 was obtained, normally p value <0,05, hence there was relation of job satisfaction with nurse turnover at Hospital of Awal Bros Panam 2017. This study suggested hospital management, to be able to suppressed turn over nurses through monitoring the head of the room and prevention turnover by considering the factors that caused dissatisfaction of nurses.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PENYULUHAN CUCI TANGAN PAKAI SABUN ( CTSP) PADA SISWA MIS P3A GUPPI RANGAS DIKELURAHAN RANGAS KECAMATAN BANGGAE KABUPATEN MAJENE
Authors: Wardawati
Published: July 2021

CTPS adalah salah satu bagian dari perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, yang diajarkan kepada anak sejak dini agar menjadi suatu kebiasaan positif.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara pengetahuan sebelum dan setelah penyuluhan, pengetahuan yang diberi penyuluhan dan yang tidak diberi penyuluhan, sikap sebelum dan setelah penyuluhan serta sikap yang diberi penyuluhan dan yang tidak diberi penyuluhan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen pendekatan quasi experimental (eksperimen semu) dengan rancangan pra tes dan pasca tes dengan kelompok tidak diacak. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Pengambilan data yang dilakukan diperoleh dari hasil pre test dan post test langsung terhadap responden yang dilakukan di MIS P3a  Guppi Rangas Kecamatan Banggae Kabupaten Majene.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan pengetahuan siswa sebelum dan setelah penyuluhan, ada perbedaan pengetahuan siswa yang diberi penyuluhan dengan yang tidak diberi penyuluhan, tidak ada perbedaan sikap siswa sebelum dan setelah penyuluhan serta ada perbedaan sikap siswa yang diberi penyuluhan dengan yang tidak diberi penyuluhan. Perlu adanya penelitian lebih lanjut tentang CTPS terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap pada anak usia sekolah.
Corrosion and mechanical behavior evaluation of in-situ synthesized Cu-TiB2 nanocomposite
Authors: Aghajani Hossein , Naziri Mehrabani Seyed Ali , Taghizadeh Tabrizi Arvin , Hussein Saddam Falih
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the synthesis of the copper matrix nanocomposite and the effect of adding TiB2 nanoparticles on the copper matrix was investigated. Three different amounts of TiB2 nanoparticles 5, 10, and 15 wt% were added and sintering was carried out at 900 oC for 4 hours under argon atmosphere. The phase formation of achieved nanocomposites was studied by X-ray diffractometer and the morphology of the synthesized samples was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at room temperature was were carried out to evaluate the corrosion behavior of synthesized samples. Results show that adding the TiB2 nanoparticles decrease the corrosion resistance by the formation of galvanic couples, but the effect of amounts of porosities on the corrosion resistance is higher. It is revealed that the variation of the surface roughness is in direct relation to the value of polarization current density.
Arteriovenous Shunt (AV Shunt) Sebagai Akses Hemodialisis Pada Pasien Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Authors: Sebayang Abed Nego Okthara
Published: July 2021

Latar Belakang : Arteriovenous Shunt (AV Shunt) merupakan tindakan operasi menyambungkan (anastomosis) arteri dan vena pada lengan atau bagian tubuh lain dengan tujuan menjadikan sambungan tersebut sebagai akses hemodialisis. AV shunt adalah gold standart  menciptakan akses vascular untuk hemodialisis pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik. AV shunt diciptakan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dari dialysis dan mengurangi risiko dan komplikasi daripada akses vascular lain.

Pembahasan : Berdasarkan letaknya, pembuatan AV shunt memiliki prioritas yakni pada lengan bagian distal pada lengan yang tidak dominan. Jika tidak memungkinkan, AV shunt dapat dilakukan pada proksimal lengan tidak dominan dan terakhir pada bagian proksimal lengan yang dominan. Lokasi pergelangan tangan menjadi prioritas utama dalam pembuatan AV shunt karena memiliki keuntungan yang banyak. Arteri dan vena yang umumnya digunakan adalah arteri radialis dan vena cephalica dan arteri brachialis dengan vena cephalica.

Kesimpulan : AV shunt adalah gold standart  menciptakan akses vascular untuk hemodialisis pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik.  . Diharapkan melalui tindakan AV shunt angka harapan hidup pasien gagal ginjal kronik dapat meningkat dan harus didukung oleh disiplin ilmu lainnya seperti interna, psikolog dan keluarga pasien tersebut
Manajemen Tatalaksana Neuritis Optik Demielinasi
Authors: Susmitha Okta Della , Yusran Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Pendahulan: Neuritis Optik (ON) didefinisikan sebagai inflamasi pada saraf optik, yang sebagian besar idiopatik. Namun dapat dikaitkan dengan penyebab lain seperti lesi demielinasi, gangguan autoimun, infeksi dan inflamasi. Dari semua ini, multiple sclerosis (MS) adalah penyebab paling umum dari demielinasi ON.

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui diagnosis dan tatalaksana neuritis optik demielinasi.

Metode: Artikel ini dibuat dengan metode literature review, melibatkan 29 pustaka baik buku dan jurnal nasional atau internasional.

Hasil: ON terjadi karena proses inflamasi yang mengarah pada aktivasi sel-T yang dapat melewati sawar darah otak dan menyebabkan reaksi hipersensitivitas terhadap struktur saraf. Mekanisme pastinya belum diketahui. Diagnosis klinis ON terdiri dari tiga gejala klasik yaitu kehilangan penglihatan, nyeri periokular dan dischromatopsia. Hal ini membutuhkan pemeriksaan oftalmik, neurologis dan sistemik yang cermat untuk membedakan antara ON spesifik dan tidak. Diagnosis banding diperlukan untuk membuat rencana tatalaksana yang tepat.

Pembahasan: Menurut Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT), pengobatan pertama adalah metilprednisolon intravena dengan pemulihan yang lebih cepat dan lebih sedikit kemungkinan kasus relaps dan konversi ke MS. Namun prednisolon oral saja dikontraindikasikan karena peningkatan risiko relaps. Controlled High-Risk Subjects Avonex® Multiple Sclerosis Prevention Study (CHAMPS) dan Early Treatment of MS study (ETOMS) dan telah melaporkan bahwa pengobatan dengan interferon β-1a, dengan hasil pengurangan risiko karakteristik MS dari MRI. Sensitivitas kontras, penglihatan warna dan bidang visual adalah parameter yang sebagian besar tetap terganggu bahkan setelah pemulihan ketajaman visual yang baik.

Simpulan: Tatalaksana pada neuritis optik demielinasi dominan diberikan steroid dan interferon β-1a.

 

Kata kunci: demielinasi, multipel skeloris, neuritis optik, tatalaksana
Association of Parenting Styles and Adolescent Depression
Authors: Ramadhanti Ajeng Ardhya
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Depression is a mood-swing disorder that changes in a person within a certain period of time. Someone who suffers from depression will experience changes in mood, easily agitated, sensitive, feeling helpless, fatigue, decreased in concentration, changes in appetite, difficulty sleeping and symptoms of cramps, pain or indigestion without apparent cause. There are internal and external factors that caused depression in adolescents. Parenting is one of the environmental factors that influenced the mental condition of adolescents, which in turn can be an inhibiting factor or risk factor for depression.

Purpose: to determine the effect of parenting on the incidence of depression in adolescents.

Method: This article was created using the literature review method involving citations from books and journal articles published nationally and internationally.

Results: Parenting affects depression in adolescents. Based on the three types of parenting such as democratic, permissive and authoritarian, it is known that democratic parenting is the pattern of parenting which has the most positive influence on the prevention of depression in adolescents.

Discussion: Parenting is a way of parenting parents for children which includes support and care for children, which affects their future. Parenting is categorized as democratic, permissive, and authoritarian. Parenting affects the incidence of depression in adolescents that can be known based on the form of support, motivation, affection from parents to children so that it will affect mental health and can be a factor causing depression when entering adolescence.

Conclusion: Parenting affects the incidence of depression in adolescents and can be a negative influence if not controlled as early as possible.

 

Keywords: adolescent, depression, parenting.
Antibacterial Activities of Ethyl Acetic Fraction of Robusta Coffee on Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi
Authors: Rahayu Dwi Puji
Published: July 2021

Penyakit infeksi masih menjadi masalah utama di Dunia, terutama dinegara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Staphylococcus aureus dan Salmonella typhi merupakan bakteri gram positif dan bakteri gram negatif yang masih menjadi penyebab infeksi tersering. Penggunaan antibiotic yang tidak tepat dapat merusak flora normal dan menyebabkan resistensi. Kopi mengandung senyawa kimia flavonoid dan alkaloid yang mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri fraksi etil asetat dari ekstrak etanol biji kopi robusta terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Salmonella typhi dan Staphylococcus aureus. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah maserasi  dengan pelarut etanol 70% dan dilakukan fraksinasi dengan metode cair-cair menggunakan pelarut etil asetat. Pengujian antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi agar disk dengan konsentrasi 2.5%, 5%, 10% dan 15%. Hasil penelitian fraksi etil asetat dengan konsentrasi 15% untuk bakteri Salmonella typhi memiliki zona hambat sebesar 8.13 mm dan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus memiliki zona hambat 3.8 mm. Semakin besar konsentrasi fraksi etil asetat semakin besar zona hambat yang terbentuk pada media agar.
Patofisiologi Acute Mountain Sickness
Authors: Baskoro Muhammad Orri
Published: July 2021

Pendahuluan: Acute mountain sickness (AMS) adalah kelainan neurologis yang biasanya menyerang pendaki gunung yang berada di ketinggian akibat hipoksia kronis pada tekanan parsial oksigen rendah. Walaupun seringkali bersifat self-limiting, AMS dapat menyebabkan edema pulmonal dan serebral yang dapat bersifat fatal. Popularitas pendakian gunung yang meningkat dan mudahnya akses beberapa tahun terakhir menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah pendaki yang berisiko mengalami bahaya AMS.

Pembahasan: Rendahnya tekanan oksigen pada ketinggian akan memicu 4 mekanisme refleks: respons ventilasi hipoksia, respons ventilasi hiperkapnia, vasodilatasi pembuluh otak terhadap hipoksia, dan vasokonstriksi pembuluh darah otak terhadap hipokapnia. Kejadian ini akan memicu pembengkakan astrosit dan aktivasi sistem trigeminovaskular sehingga menyebabkan gejala neurologis pendaki.

Kesimpulan: Pada keadaan di ketinggian, terjadi penurunan tekanan parsial O2 sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya hipoksemia pada pendaki. Kegagalan autoregulasi aliran darah otak akan menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan kranial melalui gaya mekanik dan kebocoran kapiler melalui gaya kimia. Hipertensi intrakranial akan menyebabkan perpindahan dan peregangan serabut saraf sensitif yang tidak termielinisasi pada sistem trigeminovaskular sehingga menyebabkan gejala neurologis pendaki.
Villiers v Villiers: The end of the line? Case study of the Supreme Court decision reported at [2020] UKSC 30
Authors: Keegan Mrs Justice
Published: July 2021

N/A
The True Cost of Sugar: Economic trade-offs in conventional, organic and Fairtrade sugarcane and sugar beet production.
Authors:   Institute for Environmental Studies, VU Amsterdam, den Boer Joris
Published: July 2021

Sugar is an important economic commodity that is produced and consumed around the world. The impacts of different production methods differ on social, economic and environmental aspects. This research focuses on the economic trade- offs in conventional, organic and Fairtrade sugarcane production in India and sugar beet production in the Netherlands. Previous research provides insights into single production methods, but a complete comparison between different production methods is currently lacking. Data was collected using both literature research and interviews in the Netherlands and India. After developing a Multi-Criteria Analysis, it is concluded that organic sugarcane and Fairtrade sugarcane rank slightly higher than conventional sugarcane on the economic criteria. However, conventional sugar beet and organic sugar beet rank higher on all economic aspects, with conventional sugar beet ranking the highest. The main differences between the production methods can be seen in the innovation, and to a lesser extent the in the production.
Understanding the Situation on the Ground
Authors: Mohamed Mansurah Izzul
Published: July 2021

Mansurah Izzul Mohamed comments on the implementation of Syariah Penal Code Order 2013—Brunei’s new Islamic criminal code. Phase One, covering small crimes and misdemeanors, took effect in May 2014. Phases Two and Three, specifying more serious crimes and more severe punishments, recently took effect in April 2019. This post outlines the history and procedural components of the law with respect to national and international law. Her basic argument is that Codification + Procedure = Just Implementation.
Methods and Meaning in Islamic Law
Authors: Rabb Intisar
Published: July 2021

How should we think about the most pressing questions of Islamic law and legal history today? We asked leading scholars of Islamic law and history to weigh in on the methods and meaning they notice or favor, at a time when much has changed in the field and the world since Islamic law emerged as a major field of studies in the global academy over the last century, and at a time when access to new sources, historiographical advances, and data science tools promise that more changes are yet to come.
A Note on the Quantitative Analysis of Hadith
Authors: Yanagihashi Hiroyuki
Published: July 2021

Hiroyuki Yanagihashi observes how recent developments make the quantitative analysis of ḥadīths a “promising” endeavor. The question then becomes: why and how the text of certain ḥadīths, taken literally, appear to contradict established Sunnī legal doctrine? The logical presumption is that either traditionists transmitted the jurisprudence of ancient legal systems that were eventually replaced by later-derived fiqh rulings or they reformulated the ḥadīths in the process of transmission to develop the rulings underlying those later legal systems. By way of example, and to investigate these possibilities, Yanagihashi proposes quantitative analysis to trace variations within the texts of two prominent ḥadīths over the course of more than a century. His analysis yields conclusions that corroborate other work in ḥadīth­­-related studies from recent years (e.g., those of Behnam Sadeghi on a larger scale in his “Traveling Tradition Test,” and Intisar Rabb with respect to a select ḥadīth in her evaluation of the doubt canon, and others): an increase in textual variation does not necessarily correspond to a change in legal doctrine; the number of variants can increase over time, even after the compilation of Sunnī Islam’s six canonical ḥadīth collections. His methods represent and propose new directions for quantitative analysis at the intersection of ḥadīth and law in early Islamic history.
PERJUANGAN SYEKH SULAIMAN AR-RASULI DALAM MEMAJUKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI RANAH MINANG
Authors: Nisa Elvira , Wahyuni Anny , Purnomo Budi
Published: July 2021

Canduang merupakan salah satu kota penting di daerah Sumatera Barat. Di daerah Canduang inilah hidup seorang Syekh besar bernama Syekh Sulaiman Ar-Rasuli. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan tentang bagaimana perjuangan Syekh Sulaiman ar-rasuli dalam menyebarkan pengaruh agama Islam di daerah Minangkabau. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian sejarah. Data dikumpulkan melalui tinjauan pustaka dari buku novel historiografi Syekh Sulaiman Ar-Rasuli yang berjudul Inyiak Sang Pejuang. Antara banyaknya informasi yang terdapat pada buku Inyiak Sang Pejuang ini, Artikel kali ini terfokus pada perjuangan Syekh Sulaiman Ar-Rasuli dalam menyebarkan agama Islam di daerah Minangkabau yang pada saat itu menghadapi pengaruh dari penjajahan Belanda dan Jepang yang pada masa itu sedang menjajah tanah Minang. Dimulai dari perjalanan Syekh Sulaiman Ar-Rasuli mendapatkan pengetahuan agama dan hambatan yang dialami beliau, usaha Syekh Sulaiman Ar-Rasuli dalam menyebarluaskan kan agama Islam di tengah-tengah masalah yang dihadapi tanah Minang dengan para penjajah juga dengan penyelewengan aqidah Islam oleh pribumi daerah Padang itu sendiri.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Syekh Sulaiman Ar-Rasuli memiliki sikap seperti berikut yang membuktikan bahwa Syekh Sulaiman Ar-Rasuli melakukan perjuangan dalam menyebar luaskan ajaran Islam di daerah Minang yaitu: 1) bersungguh-sungguh dalam menuntut ilmu 2) pekerja keras 3) nasionalisme.
ANALISIS KARAKTER RELIGIUS BUYA HAMKA MELALUI NOVEL “AYAH ... KISAH BUYA HAMKA”
Authors: Sumanggar Puji , Wahyuni Anny , Purnomo Budi
Published: July 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membahas mengenai karakter religius yang terdapat dalam diri Buya Hamka di lihat melalui novel Ayah... karya dari Irfan Hamka. Karakter religius sendiri merupakan suatu perbuatan, tingkah laku dan perilaku patuh terhadap ajaran dari agama yang telah dianut masing-masing individu, bersikap toleransi dan juga hidup rukun berdampingan dengan pemeluk agama lain. Penulisan artikel ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode history atau metode sejarah yang dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan studi kepustakaan. Dengan menggunakan metodologi sejarah dan studi kepustakaan diharapkan dapat menganalisis dan juga menarik kesimpulan mengenai karakter religius dari Buya Hamka, terutama yang terkandung dalam novel Ayah... karya dari Irfan Hamka ini.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN TATA KELOLA RUPBASAN
Authors: Wijaya Vincentius Andhika
Published: July 2021

Tata kelola Rupbasan secara optimal akan menghasilkan kontribusi dalam upaya penegakan hukum. Tugas dan fungsi Rupbasan adalah sebagai penyimpanan dan perawatan serta bertanggung jawab secara fisik terhadap barang sitaan negara. Undang undang nomor 8 tahun 1981 pasal 44 menyatakan bahwa benda sitaan negara disimpan di Rumah Penyimpanan Benda Sitaan Negara dan yang bertanggung jawab adalah pejabat yang berwenang. Ada beberapa permasalahan yang terjadi dalam tata pengelolaan basan dan barang yang ada di Rupbasan Permasalahan ini terbagi 2 yaitu, permasalahan internal dan eksternal. Permasalahan internal yaitu belum memadainya gedung kantor, gudang dan pegawai Rupbasan. Sedangkan permasalahan eksternal yaitu pelaksana eksekusi yang tidak tepat waktu yang berakibat menyusutnya secara drastis nilai ekonomi basan dan barang di Rupbasan. Tujuan dan fungsi dari penelitian ini untuk memberi masukan terhadap pengambil kebijakan terkait peraturan yang berkaitan dengan tugas dan fungsi Rupbasan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan metode analisis yuridis dengan pendekatan literatur. Temuan hasil penelitian kurangnya fasilitas yang ada dalam Rupbasan serta kewenangan Rupbasan dalam sistem peradilan pidana dalam mengelola barang sitaan negara dan birokrasi yang harus diperbaharui dalam proses sistem peradilan pidana.
A Critical Examination of Abstraction in John Dewey’s Reflective Thought
Authors:   University of Oregon, O'Brien Bill
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this paper is to critically examine abstraction in the context of John Dewey’s notion of reflective thought. Abstraction is to be understood as a pragmatic tool that underpins reflective thought. In other words, reflective thought—that is, the capacity to think of practical solutions to problems we confront in our lives,— needs to use the tool of pragmatic abstraction. In the context of reflective thought, I explore and explain how pragmatic abstraction is used. Here, I take issue with how pragmatic abstraction is used as merely a means to bring about ‘successful’ consequences to a problem. This use of pragmatic abstraction fails to consider the critical question of whose success is being brought about. Due to this, ‘successful’ consequences to a problem can result for some, while negative consequences to the same problem can result for others. The ‘reasonable woman standard’ that developed in the law illustrates a concrete example of this problematic split and a legal effort to resolve it. Ultimately, by reconsidering how reflective thought uses the tool of pragmatic abstraction, “successful” consequences to problems are brought about in a more inclusive manner.
First Lung Transplantation As A Treatment of A Patient Supported with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) after COVID-19 in Poland
Authors: Urlik Maciej , Szułdrzyński Konstanty , Stącel Tomasz , Nęcki Mirosław , Bielański Piotr , Jankowski Miłosz , Antończyk Remigiusz , Latos Magdalena , Pióro Anna , Zembala Marian , Pyrć Krzysztof , Ochman Marek
Published: July 2021

A 44-year-old male with no history of underlying diseases was referred to academic hospital due to ARDS with confirmed SARSCoV-2 infection after 7 days of mechanical ventilation. Veno-venous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was initiated as no improvement was noted in prone position. Mechanical ventilation was continued with TV of 3–4 mL/kg. A gradual decline of static lung compliance was observed from baseline 35 mL/cm H2O to 8 mL/cm H2O. The chest CT scan revealed extensive ground-glass areas with a significant amount of traction bronchiectasis after 3 weeks since admission. When the patient was negative for SARS-CoV-2 during the 4th week of ECMO, the decision to perform an emergency lung transplantation (LTx) was made based on the ongoing degradation of lung function and irreversible damage to lung structure. The patient was transferred to the transplant center where he was extubated, awaiting the transplant on passive oxygen therapy and ECMO. Double lung transplantation was performed on the day 30th of ECMO. Currently, the patient is self-reliant. He does not need oxygen therapy and continues physiotherapy. ECMO may be life-saving in severe cases of COVID-19 ARDS but some of these patients may require LTx, especially when weaning proves impossible. VV ECMO as a bridging method is more difficult but ultimately more beneficial due to insufficient number of donors, and consequently long waiting time in Poland.
Effectiveness of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease after Lobectomy Due to Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer—A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Klimczak Magdalena , Piekielny Damian , Antczak Adam , Śmigielski Jacek , Tworek Damian
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The procedure of lung parenchyma resection may result in impairment of physical capacity and quality of life. In patients with operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), lobectomy is an elective procedure. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common coexisting condition in patients with NSCLC. Effectiveness of post-operative pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in patients who underwent lobectomy due to NSCLC and suffering from COPD as compared to individuals without COPD has not been determined yet. The aim of the study was to compare effectiveness of post-operative PR in patients with COPD after lobectomy due to NSCLC (COPD[+] L [+]) with individuals with COPD without lung parenchyma resection (COPD(+) L(–)) and those who underwent lobectomy due to NSCLC and not suffering from COPD (COPD[–] L[+]). Material and methods: Thirty-seven patients with non-small cell lung cancer (21 patients with and 16 patients without COPD) who underwent lobectomy and 29 subjects with COPD referred to the Lung Diseases Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre in Lodz in 2018–2019 were included in this retrospective analysis. The patients participated in a 3-week inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program which included breathing exercises, physical workout, relaxation exercises, education, psychological support and nutrition consulting. The evaluation included lung function measurements, six-minute walking test (6MWT) and the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score. The results obtained before the rehabilitation were compared to those achieved after the 3-week PR program and compared between the study groups. Results: A significant increase in the distance covered during 6MWT was observed in all the three groups studied: COPD(+) L(+) (Δ = 62.52 ± 14.58 m); COPD(–) L(+) (Δ = 73.67 ± 11.58 m); and COPD(+) L(–) (Δ = 59.93 ± 10.02 m) (p < 0.001 for all). Similarly, a statistically and clinically significant improvement in the total SGRQ score was recorded: COPD(+) L(+) ∆ = –12.05 ± 3.96 points; p < 0.05 and COPD(–) L(+) ∆ = –12.30 ± 4.85 points; p < 0.01 and COPD(+) (L–) ∆= –14.07 ± 3.36 points (p < 0.001). No significant differences in the outcome improvement between the study groups were identified. Conclusions: The results of the study show that COPD(+) L(+) patients gained benefits from post-operative PR comparable to COPD(+) L(–) and COPD(–) L(+) subjects by improving their physical capacity and quality of life.
Infection prevention of cardiac devices – European Heart Rhythm Association consensus 2020
Authors: Mitkowski Przemysław
Published: July 2021

In recent decades, there has been a steady increase in the number of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) procedures and complexity of implanted systems. Simultaneously a significant increase of complication’s rate has been observed including infections with rates ranging from 0,5 to 3,4% annually. Infectious complications can be divided into two groups: related to microbial colonization of parts of the system during implantation and related to bloodstream infection. Factors that increase the risk of infection could be: patient-related, procedure-related, or device-related. Some of them are modifiable, whereas others are non-modifiable. Among the most relevant are: pocket haematoma, infection/fever within 24 hours before procedure, temporary pacing, concomitant diseases, procedure duration and operator experience. There are numerous simple measures that can be undertaken pre-procedurally, during procedure and post procedure, which can significantly reduce the risk of CIED infection. The paper discusses the key messages of the 2020 EHRA document.
Summative usability evaluation of the YLB113 etanercept biosimilar autoinjector via simulation
Authors: Canham Kelly , Newcomb Claire
Published: July 2021

Introduction/Study Objectives: Etanercept is a tumour necrosis factor inhibitor indicated for the treatment of several inflammatory disorders. Patients with these diseases may experience manual dexterity challenges. Autoinjectors may improve dose accuracy, treatment adherence and quality of life; and reduce injection-site reactions. Studies have indicated patients prefer autoinjectors to other injection methods, however, patients must be able to demonstrate safe and effective use of an autoinjector for it to be a viable option. The YLB113 etanercept autoinjector may be a substitutable biosimilar to reference etanercept (Pfizer Manufacturing, Puurs, Belgium). This study sought to confirm intended users of the YLB113 etanercept autoinjector could demonstrate safe and effective use. Methods: The evaluation was performed among 79 participants representative of intended YLB113 etanercept autoinjector users; and included patients, caregivers and healthcare providers (HCPs). Results: All participants successfully delivered two simulated doses of etanercept into the foam pad using the autoinjector. Some participants experienced user errors, use difficulties, or close calls while simulating injection or answering knowledge questions. Discussion: In this usability evaluation, study patients, caregivers and HCPs demonstrated a high rate of injection success using the YLB113 etanercept autoinjector. Conclusions: The study results support demonstration of safe and effective use of the YLB113 etanercept autoinjector, a substitutable biosimilar to reference etanercept.
Biosimilars in Saudi Arabia: a single-centre, open-label case series examining infliximab switching
Authors: Somaily Mansour , Alahmari Hana , Abbag Wejdan , Yousif Shahenda , Tayfour Nawar , Almushayt Nouf , Alhusayni Saleh , Almajadiah Saeed
Published: July 2021

Background: A biosimilar version of infliximab ( CT-P13) was recently approved for use in Saudi Arabia. Clinical data support its use in the treatment of rheumatic disease, however, there is a lack of local data regarding the efficacy and tolerability of CT-P13 among patients with rheumatological disorders in Saudi Arabia. Objectives: To investigate the feasibility, tolerability and immunogenicity of switching from originator infliximab to biosimilar infliximab, CT-P13, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and Behçet’s disease (BD). Methodology: The study included patients who were being treated with originator infliximab in the Department of Rheumatology in Khamis Mushayt General Hospital, Saudi Arabia, and were required to switch to biosimilar infliximab (CT-P13) between January 2018 and June 2019. Patient follow-up was carried out every three months for one year. The disease activity score 28 (DAS28) was used to assess RA severity. The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) score was used to measure disease activity in patients with AS, while BD disease activity was based on clinical assessment. Results: In total, 13 patients (six with RA, five with AS and two with BD) were switched to biosimilar infliximab. The majority (n = 11/13) remained on biosimilar infliximab throughout the follow-up period with no reported major adverse events. Overall, there was a significant improvement in RA disease activity following biosimilar treatment, with the mean DAS28 decreasing from 3.61±1.24 before biosimilar therapy to 2.63±1.54 one year after switching. Conclusion: In patients with AS, BD, or RA who switched from originator infliximab to the biosimilar, CT-P13, we did not observe any significant differences in tolerability or efficacy between biosimilar and originator. Furthermore, disease activity significantly declined in RA patients following biosimilar treatment
An overview of the current status of follow-on biologicals in Iran
Authors: Rezaei Farhang , Anjidani Nassim
Published: July 2021

Background The advent of follow-on biologicals in Iran and biosimilars worldwide have provided various treatment options for several severe and chronic diseases. The goal of the present study was to provide an overview of their current status in Iran. Methods A comprehensive search of clinical trial registry sites and other databases that publish scholarly articles, such as PubMed and Google scholar, enabled the current follow-on biologicals landscape in Iran to be mapped. In addition, the annual national wholesale data of pharmaceutical products published by the Iranian pharmaceutical regulatory were analysed. The share of biotechnological therapeutics in terms of the whole medicines market, was evaluated, along with the share of follow-on biologicals and the potential and actualized cost-saving associated with using them. Data were collected and analysed over the 2013–2018 time period. Results At the time of writing, 21 follow-on biologicals were available in Iran and these are related to 17 different originator molecules. In 2018, approximately 13.5% of medicines spending in Iran was devoted to biotechnological therapeutics. Follow-on biologicals comprised approximately 47.2% of the biotechnological therapeutics’ total market value, up from 35.2% in 2013. The use of follow-on biologicals in Iran was associated with more than US$300 million cost-saving in 2018. A number of follow-on biological candidates, mostly monoclonal antibodies, are under development and will be subject to head-to-head clinical trials against originator products prior to regulatory approval and marketing. Conclusion Despite a significant rise in the use of follow-on biologicals in Iran, the proportional use of biotechnological therapeutics compared to the total medicines market has remained constant in recent years. Iranian healthcare authorities can improve patients’ access to life-saving biological medicines through promoting the use of follow-on biologicals instead of costly originators after making sure of the quality, efficacy and safety of the follow-on biologicals. The significant cost saving associated with using follow-on biologicals can also be utilized for other biotechnological medicines that are not currently in Iran’s drug list.
Aplicação Northbound baseada em Transport API (TAPI) usando Controlador ONOS e transponder configurável de padrão aberto para a criação de circuito óptico fim a fim
Authors: Nassif Nadia A. , Martins Luciano , Domingos Luciano A. , Farias Fernando N. N. , Lopes José L. S. , Borges Lucas , Chaves Niudomar S. A. , Schwarz Marcos , Figueiredo Rafael C.
Published: July 2021

Este artigo descreve uma arquitetura para controle de redes ópticas que possibilita o aprovisionamento de circuitos ópticos fim a fim. Para isso, foi desenvolvida uma aplicação northbound pelo CPQD que utiliza Transport API (TAPI) e RESTCONF para interagir com o controlador ONOS e solicitar serviços, incluindo o aprovisionamento e desaprovisionamento de circuitos ópticos. Os testes foram realizados utilizando um emulador de transponders ópticos, desenvolvido pelo projeto ODTN do ONF, com uma extensão, desenvolvida pela RNP, para a inclusão do plano de dados. O desenvolvimento desta aplicação engloba os conceitos de SDN e desagregação e permite, através de um ambiente emulado, uma análise prévia de possíveis trabalhos futuros a serem realizados em testbeds com equipamentos físicos.
Lex Ex Machina: Reasons for Algorithmic Regulation
Authors: Pečarič Mirko
Published: July 2021

A major unanswered question in regulation concerns the application of cognitive diversity and various data as inputs for the creation of general legal rules. The paper claims this diversity can be assured with the help of algorithmic planning. Classical regulation is hence put under question due to its inability to quickly adapt to changing conditions, where relations per se change also intentions, tools and goals. The paper proposes two paths towards a computational simulation of legal situations: with the help of algorithms that can ensure the needed adaptability and relevancy of hidden data correlations, and with collective intelligence based on human inputs where data for algorithms is not available. The aim of this work is to extend the pre-regulatory practice of extracting information from data with the help of algorithms to determine patterns and predict future results and trends (written now as general legal rules). Nowadays, algorithms could be used at least as advice, especially in a prepreparation, draft phase of legal acts.
The Hope of Meaningful Immortality
Authors: Buben Adam ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2021

Ever since Bernard Williams (1993) made the character Elina Makropulos central to his case against the desirability of immortality, a debate has raged on between philosophers who join him in arguing that immortal life would lack meaning, and those who defend the prospects of meaningful everlasting existence. I will argue that a never-ending existence offers more hope for personal meaning and value than ordinary finite existence does. To illustrate the idea that having a necessary ending spoils life’s meaning, I introduce a new literary example—Leonid Andreyev’s Lazarus—to juxtapose with Elina Makropulos. Lazarus personifies the notion that the transient significance of life simply evaporates in comparison with the infinite nothingness of death. Among other things, dying means the destruction of the first-personal sense of value we build up and attribute to our lives through conscious experience, memories, and agency.
Perception of climate change: A survey among agricultural advisors
Authors: Žutinić Đurđica , Zrakić-Sušac Magdalena
Published: July 2021

This paper is based on the results of an empirical study conducted on a sample of 103 employees of the Croatian Agricultural and Forestry Advisory Service in mid2018. The main goal of the study was to determine the opinions and attitudes of agricultural advisors on climate change. Attitudes were measured using 16 statements which summarize three composite indicators (awareness of anthropogenic causes and consequences, mitigation responsibility, and indifference and defeatism towards climate change). Results of the research show that the respondents are relatively aware of the anthropogenic impact on climate change, as well as wider consequences of climate change on society and the environment (MKIs = 3.83). On average, respondents expressed strongest agreement with statements about political and civic responsibility in climate change mitigation (MKIo = 4.06). Most agricultural advisors perceive climate change as dangerous for the stability of domestic farming, and as many as 92.4% of respondents believe that farmers do not have the necessary knowledge to successfully deal with the risks of climate change in their own production.
Regional features of rural unemployment in Russia
Authors: Klimentova Elvira , Dubovitski Alexander , Yurina Elena , Bayanduryan Galina , Agabekyan Raisa
Published: July 2021

The research is aimed at typologizing the regions of Russia in terms of unemployment with a view to improving regional economic policy. The typology of regions was done using the method of groupings. This enabled the authors to distinguish between rural areas including the level of employment. The authors revealed that the major negative trend in the labor market was the decrease in the number of agriculture jobs, which caused the release of labor and the increased unemployment rates in rural areas. Grouping the regions based on the indicator of employment of the rural population in agricultural sector allowed the authors to identify three types of regions (with high, medium and low unemployment rates) for further use as a criterion for differentiating the state policy of regulating the labor market in rural areas (active and passive).
Factors influencing insurance for young people
Authors: Završnik Bruno
Published: July 2021

Present times are changing rapidly, people are becoming increasingly active, and we often find ourselves in a situation over which we have no control. Nowadays we know many types of insurance with which we can take care of our financial security. It is important for individuals to choose the most appropriate type of insurance according to their needs and life span. It is extremely important for young people to start saving for their future as soon as possible in the type of life insurance. The main objective of this paper is what proportion of young people already have insurance or are already thinking about it and why not. We were also interested in what the decisive factors are that make young people decide to buy insurance and why not. Research has shown that young people are aware of the importance of insurance, but most of them do not have adequate financial resources and are insufficiently informed about the types of insurance.
New anticoagulant therapy aspects to the COVID-19 patients: From prophylaxis to complications treatment therapy
Authors: Đenić Aleksandar
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 patients have a high risk of thrombosis of the arterial and venous systems due to extensive systemic inflammation, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, and stasis. D-dimer is an important prognostic marker of mortality caused by COVID-19 patients and its increased values indicate tissue damage and inflammation. The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTe) is between 16 and 49% as a complication of more severe forms of COVID-19 infection in patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Prophylactic doses of low molecular weight heparin (lMWH) should be given to all hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection in the absence of active bleeding. The safest way is to adjust the low molecular weight heparin (lMWH) dose according to body weight, especially in obese patients. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is used in patients with a creatinine clearance of less than 30 ml/min. The therapeutic dose of anticoagulation should be discontinued if the platelet count is <50 × 109 /l or fibrinogen <1.0 g/l. Clinically significant bleeding events are higher in those who received therapeutic doses compared to those with standard thromboprophylaxis doses. Thrombolytic therapy is recommended in patients with proven pulmonary embolism (Pe) and hemodynamic instability or signs of cardiogenic shock, who are not at high risk of bleeding. In hospitalized COVID-19 patients with a high clinical risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTe) and D-dimer values greater than 2600 ng/ml, the use of therapeutic doses of lMWH in doses adjusted to the patient's body weight should be considered, in the absence of a higher risk of bleeding.
The Great War and the challenge of memory
Authors: Wood Jeffrey
Published: July 2021

An assessment of the responses of "classical" composers to World War I. A discussion of the responsibilities of the composer as they respond to war will be followed by a presentation of four different "modes" of artistic response: "heroic," "elegiac," "denunciation," and "reconciliation." These responses represent different modes of expression by which composers are able to respond to events such as World War I. Specific works representing these responses - Arthur Bliss' Morning Heroes, Alban Berg's Wozzeck, Edward Elgar's Violoncello Concerto, John Foulds' A World Requiem and Benjamin Britten's War Requiem - will also be discussed.
Different methods for beech seed quality testing
Authors: Kerkez Ivona , Pavlović Slavko , Lučić Aleksandar , Devetaković Jovana , Šijačić-Nikolić Mirjana , Popović Vladan
Published: July 2021

This paper presents three different methods for beech seed quality testing. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between the electrical conductivity test, tetrazolium test and hydrogen peroxide treatment. The seed was collected in 12 different seed stands in Serbia that are commonly used for nursery production. The seed sample used for testing was randomly taken from the total amount of the collected seed. The analysis of the obtained results included the calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient in the statistical software package "Statistica 7". The correlation was determined between the recorded results of the seed weight and the electrical conductivity; the seed weight and the tetrazolium test; the seed weight and the hydrogen peroxide treatment; the electrical conductivity and the tetrazolium test; the electrical conductivity and the hydrogen peroxide treatment; the tetrazolium test and the hydrogen peroxide treatment. Based on the conducted researches it can be concluded that the standardization of the electrical conductivity test using the tetrazolium test and hydrogen peroxide treatment could contribute to a more quality and more comprehensive determination of the beech seed quality for commercial purposes.
Effects of erosion control works in the drainage basin of the Palojska River (Grdelica Gorge)
Authors: Braunović Sonja , Jovanović Filip , Kabiljo Milan , Momirović Natalija
Published: July 2021

The paper examines the effects of erosion control works performed in the Palojska River Basin, based on a comparative analysis of erosion intensities in 1953 and 2016. Intensive processes of erosion in the basin were reduced by performing technical works in the channel and biological and technical works on the slopes. The effects of the works conducted, accompanied by changes in the land use and socio-demography, are manifested in the reduction of the erosion coefficient from Z = 1.02 (surface excessive erosion) in 1953 to Z = 0.28 (mixed weak erosion) in 2016 and in the reduction of the sediment yield and transport in the basin.
The state and functionality of dendroflora in the cemeteries in Obrenovac
Authors: Mitrović Suzana , Čule Nevena , Jokanović Dušan , Cvejić Milijana , Veselinović Milorad
Published: July 2021

Urban cemeteries represent important human-made special-purpose green areas. On the territory of the city area of the Municipality of Obrenovac, there are two urban cemeteries: the New Cemetery (Serbian: Novo Groblje) and the Old Cemetery (Serbian: Staro Groblje). The New Cemetery with an area of 5.4 ha is at 2.84 km West of the center and Staro Groblje with an area of 4.5 ha lies at 2 km from the city center. In the framework of the development of the Cadastre of Public Green Areas of the Municipality of Obrenovac, 29 woody species with a total of 271 trees were recorded in the New Cemetery. The Old Cemetery had 32 woody species recorded with a total of 348 trees. The paper studies the vitality, the ornamental value, as well as the functionality and adaptability of the species to the existing environmental conditions.
Improving the use of forest-based biomass for energy purposes in Serbia
Authors: Brašanac-Bosanac Ljiljana , Ćirković-Mitrović Tatjana , Eremija Saša , Stajić Snežana , Lučić Aleksandar
Published: July 2021

Serbia is one of the countries of Southeastern Europe with significant potentials for using biomass from forests and wood processing industry in the form of wood residues for the production of modern fuels. This type of biomass has not been used efficiently. One of the reasons is the traditional use of firewood for domestic heating needs despite its lower energy efficiency compared to pellets and briquettes. According to FAO methodology, the estimated energy potential of the available biomass derived from forests and wood processing industry in Serbia amounts to 1.53 Mtoe/year. According to the Energy Sector Development Strategy of the Republic of Serbia for the period by 2025 with projections by 2030 together with relevant Decisions on the energy balance determination, the degree of the use of potentially available biomass from forests and wood processing industry is around 1.02 Mtoe/year (66.7%). The remaining unused potential of this biomass is estimated at around 0.51Mtoe / year. Besides the study of the state of biomass from forests and wood processing industry, the paper provides recommendations on how to increase the utilization rate of this biomass in Serbia.