bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fracture Resistance and Push-Out Bond Strength of Three Post Types in the Restoration of Anterior Primary Teeth - A In Vitro study
Authors: Eltobgy Asmaa E. , Elmalt Magda , Eldehna Alaa
Published: July 2024

Context:

Restoration fractures and displacement are the two main causes of failure after the rehabilitation of severely worn primary anterior teeth.

Aims:

Compare the effect of three post types on the fracture and push-out bond strength.

Methods and Materials:

Sixty undamaged maxillary anterior primary teeth were allocated into three groups according to post type: (I) Tetric N Ceram composite post, (II) prefabricated glass fiber post, and (III) high viscous glass ionomer post. Each group was further subdivided into two sub-groups depending on the test used: fracture resistance test and push-out bond strength test. The all specimens were mounted in acrylic resin blocks and tested using a universal testing machine. The fracture and failure mode were determined by a stereomicroscope inspection of all the specimens. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Bonferroni post hoc test (P < 0.05).

Results:

There was a statistically significant difference between fracture resistance and push-out bond strength values for the experimental groups (P < 0.05). The most significant fracture resistance value was in Group II and core/post fracture (restorable fracture) was the most obvious fracture in the three groups with the highest percentage in Group I. The most significant push-out bond strength value was in Group I and adhesive failure between dentin and luting cement/post was the most common type in the groups.

Conclusions:

The fracture resistance and push-out bond strength were affected by the type of post (P = 0.000). Prefabricated glass fiber posts showed the highest fracture resistance in this study. However, Tetric N Ceram composite posts had the most restorable fracture. Tetric N Ceram composite posts had the highest bond strength with adhesive failure mode.
Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis—An experience at autopsy
Authors: Vaideeswar Pradeep , Fernandes Gwendolyn , Datar Sharada , Zare Pranita
Published: July 2024

Background:

Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis is an uncommon mode of metastases, characterized by diffuse infiltration of the lymphatics malignant cells, and is mainly the subject of case reports or a few case series.

Aims:

The aim of this study is to study the clinicopathological features of this entity at autopsy.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective study of data collected over an 11-year period at a tertiary-care hospital. Clinicopathological data of all autopsies with lymphangitic carcinomatosis were analyzed with reference to their demographics, clinical presentation, investigations, sites of primary cancer, and other relevant findings at autopsy.

Results:

Among 255 cases of malignancies encountered in 7521 autopsies during the study period, 43 patients (16.9%) showed pulmonary metastasis with 22 (13 females and 9 males, mean age of 52.04 years) histologically proven lymphangitic carcinomatosis of the lungs. An antemortem diagnosis was made in only 1 of the 22 cases. The most common sites of carcinoma had been the stomach or the lungs (40.9%) and dyspnea had been the main symptom. The lungs, in addition, showed metastatic deposits and arterial thrombi and/or tumor emboli. The most common nonpulmonary site for metastasis was the liver and lymph nodes.

Conclusions:

Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis is often an underdiagnosed clinical entity and the presence of acute progressive respiratory failure in patients with epithelial cancers should raise clinical suspicion. This is one of the largest series to be reported at autopsy.
Aortopathy – A surgical pathology experience
Authors: Vaideeswar Pradeep , Udayaravi Sujit
Published: July 2024

Background:

Aortopathy is a non-inflammatory and non-atherosclerotic disease of aorta that results from significant ‘degenerative’ changes in the media. This often leads to thoracic aortic aneurysms and/or dissections in young individuals.

Aims:

This study aimed to analyze the clinical and pathological features of aortic resections performed for aortopathy.

Materials and Methods:

Over the span of 15 years (2008-2022), all surgically resected specimens of aorta showing aortopathy in all age groups were studied. Particular attention was paid to the changes in the media to assess the extent, grade and severity of aortopathy.

Results:

During the 15-year study period, 73 surgically resected specimens of the ascending aorta showed features of aortopathy. There were 48 males and 25 females, who had chief complaints of dyspnea, chest pain and palpitation. The aortopathic manifestations observed were ascending aortic aneurysms (36 patients, 49.3%), aortic dissections (21 patients, 28.8%) and aneurysms with dissections (16 patients, 21.9%). Bicuspid aortic valve (24 cases), Marfan syndrome (13 cases) and hypertension (12 cases) were commonly identified. There was one case each of Loeys-Dietz syndrome, and aortopathy possibly related to blunt chest trauma. In a significant proportion of patients (22 cases), the cause remained elusive. Moderate to severe aortopathy was observed in 60 cases (82.2%).

Conclusion:

This study helps in standardizing the histological parameters of aortopathy. In patients where the cause is uncertain despite of detailed clinico-radiological assessment, there is a need for molecular and genetic studies.
The Distribution of Ectopic Pregnancy in Natural Pregnancy and the Comparison of Diagnostic Efficacy between Transabdominal Ultrasound and Transvaginal Ultrasound
Authors: Shao Xiyan , Xie Qi , Li Ming
Published: July 2024

Objective:

The objective of this study was to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of transabdominal and transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of early ectopic pregnancy (EP) and to evaluate the value of two kinds of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of early EP.

Patients and Methods:

One hundred and ten EP patients who underwent preoperative transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasound examinations and were confirmed by surgical pathology were included in the study. The sonographic findings of different methods were analyzed, and the diagnostic effects of the two ultrasound methods were compared.

Results:

The positive rate of transvaginal ultrasound for EP masses was 100%, while the positive rate of transabdominal ultrasound was 67.27%, with a significant difference (P < 0.0001). For 53 cases of EP located in the ampulla, the diagnostic rate of transvaginal ultrasound was 100%, while transabdominal ultrasound was only 58.49%, with a significant difference (P < 0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ultrasound in diagnosing EP rupture were 94.44%, 58.67%, 52.31%, and 58.67%, respectively.

Conclusions:

The diagnostic efficacy of transvaginal ultrasound for EP is significantly better than that of transabdominal ultrasound. Therefore, for patients suspected of EP and without contraindication, transvaginal ultrasound is recommended as the first choice. Both peritoneal effusion by ultrasound and intraoperative abdominal hemorrhagic effusion had low specificity in diagnosing EP rupture. The diagnosis of EP rupture requires intraoperative direct vision.
A Comparative Study of Fresh versus Frozen Embryo Transfer and their Outcomes in Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Sawal Anupama , Yadgire Geetanjali , Thute Preeti , Chaudhary Kirti , Bokariya Pradeep , Fulmali Darshana
Published: July 2024

Background:

In in vitro fertilization (IVF)/assisted reproductive technology, fresh embryo transfer is generally preferred over frozen embryo transfer (FET). Still, some research shows that FET could increase the childbirth rate which reduces the amount of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and pregnancy problems in females with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). There is a high risk of aberrant pregnancies, incorrect placentation, and other issues when a fresh embryo is transferred. They are more likely to get OHSS. Fresh embryo transfer reduces the chances to get pregnant as the stimulatory effect will be there for long time, and the endometrium is less receptive for the embryos and vice versa in the case of FET. For IVF, the transfer of fresh embryos is typically preferred over the transfer of frozen embryos. However, some research suggests that the transfer of frozen embryos may increase the live birth rate and decrease the rates of OHSS and pregnancy complications in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. One of the most prevalent endocrine illnesses in women of reproductive age is PCOS. Chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenemia, and clinical signs of hyperandrogenism are hallmarks of polycystic ovary syndrome in the absence of additional diseases such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen-producing tumors, or Cushing syndrome. Despite the fact that some patients are discovered to be clomiphene citrate (CC) resistant, CC is still the first line of treatment for anovulatory infertility caused by PCOS. Numerous treatments, such as the usage of metformin, ovarian drilling, and gonadotropin therapy, may be taken into consideration in these people.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty women in all ranging in age from 25 to 45 participated in the study. Half of the study participants are from Wardha, and the other half are from rural areas close to Wardha. Participants were chosen from patients who sought medical attention for issues relating to infertility. We have taken consent from all the patients with the mutual understanding that their medical is being used for a comparative study. All the patients in our study are subjected to IVF following embryo transfer. We have taken n = 50 in which all the patients are PCOS patients with AMH noticeably higher than others. Out of them, we have taken 25 patients who are allocated for fresh Day 5 transfer and 25 of them are allocated for Day 5 FET. We have collected data for a total of 50 patients and compared the β-human chorionic gonadotropin values whether it is positive or negative in each case. We have done a comparative study by comparing the results of patients undergoing fresh versus FET with their ages ranging from 25 to 45 years.

Results:

The data of fresh Day 5 embryo and frozen Day 5 transfer and their outcome were noted. We concluded that FET has good results compared to fresh embryo transfer.
Gender Prediction Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Measurements from Foramen Incisivum: Application of Machine Learning Algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Senol Deniz , Secgin Yusuf , Harmandaoglu Oguzhan , Kaya Seren , Duman Suayip Burak , Oner Zülal
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

This study aims to predict gender using parameters obtained from images of the foramen (for.) incisivum through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and employing machine learning (ML) algorithms and artificial neural networks (ANN).

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted on 162 individuals in total. Precise measurements were meticulously extracted, extending from the foramen incisivum to the arcus alveolaris maxillaris, through employment of CBCT. The ML and ANN models were meticulously devised, allocating 20% for rigorous testing and 80% for comprehensive training.

Results:

All parameters that are evaluated, except for the angle between foramen palatinum majus and foramen incisivum-spina nasalis posterior (GPFIFPNS-A), exhibited a significant gender difference. ANN and among the ML algorithms, logistic regression (LR), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and random rorest (RF) demonstrated the highest accuracy (Acc) rate of 0.82. The Acc rates for other algorithms ranged from 0.76 to 0.79. In the models with the highest Acc rates, 14 out of 17 male individuals and 13 out of 16 female individuals in the test set were correctly predicted.

Conclusion:

LR, LDA, RF, and ANN yielded high gender prediction rates for the measured parameters, while decision tree, extra tree classifier, Gaussian Naive Bayes, quadratic discriminant analysis, and K-nearest neighbors algorithm methods provided lower predictions. We believe that the evaluation of measurements extending from foramen incisivum to arcus alveolaris maxillaris through CBCT scanning proves to be a valuable method in gender prediction.
Hip Joint Angular Values in Children with Bilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Comparison between Ambulatory and Nonambulatory Groups According to the Gross Motor Functional Classification System
Authors: Rende Buket , Orha Ayla Tekin
Published: July 2024

Objective:

The aim of this study was to compare the migration index (MI), femoral inclination angle (FIA), lateral center-edge angle (LCEA), and acetabular index (AI) values measured from hip joint radiographs of children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP) divided into ambulatory and nonambulatory groups according to the Gross Motor Functional Classification System with functional levels of children, and to examine their relationship with anthropometric measurements of the lower extremities.

Materials and Methods:

The present investigation encompassed the evaluation of 30 children afflicted with CP, through the conduction of hip joint radiographic assessments, which involved the right and left hip joints, the acquisition of images using MI, FIA, LCEA, and AI parameters, as well as measurement of lower-extremity anthropometric data.

Results:

A significant difference was found between ambulatory and nonambulatory groups in the left MI, FIA, and LCEA (P < 0.05). In comparison of anthropometric measurements to height ratios, no significant difference was found, except for left ankle circumference and bi-iliac diameter measurements (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The hip joint angular values of the ambulatory group were found to be within normal limits compared to those of the nonambulatory group. Although there were significant differences between hip joint angles in the two groups, there was no significant correlation with lower-extremity anthropometric measurements. It was concluded that hip joint angles were more pathological and prone to hip displacement in the nonambulatory group. This study revealed the importance of strategies to maintain and improve the functional capacity of children with CP.
Normal Elbow Angles in Saudi Population: Radiographic Study
Authors: Alharbi Sara M. , Alrabai Hamza M. , El Fouhil Ahmed Fathalla , Aldalati Mohammed Z. , Alqadi Banan S.
Published: July 2024

Background:

In this study, we aimed to measure normal elbow radiographic angles in the Saudi population and compare the normal range of elbow angles between Saudi males and females, as well as those previously measured in other populations.

Methods:

Anteroposterior and lateral plain radiographs of 304 normal elbows from 153 females and 151 males from the Saudi population, aged > 18 years, were assessed. Radiographs, 174 right elbows, and 130 left elbows were studied retrospectively, between 2018 and 2023 in our institute. Only normal elbow radiographs with acceptable quality were included. The standard radiographic elbow measurements were collected. Data analysis was conducted with Student’s t-test for parametric data and Wilcoxon Mann–Whitney U test for nonparametric data. Two certified orthopedic surgeons performed the measurements independently. Interobserver and intraobserver errors were measured.

Results:

All the radiographic elbow measurements in Saudis did not show any significant sexual dimorphism or difference between sides. The radiographic angles obtained on the anteroposterior view appeared more reliable than lateral view angles. Unlike carrying angle (CA), measurements of radiographic elbow angles in Saudis were inconsistent with previously published values.

Conclusions:

The elbow radiographic anatomical parameters of the Saudi population were not consistent with previously published values except for CA. The presence of a significant impact of geographical or racial variation on elbow radiographic anatomy requires additional investigations.
Prostatic Carcinosarcoma: Report of a Case with Immunohistochemical Characterization
Authors: Karimi-Shahri Mehdi , Torabian Farnaz , Montazer Mehdi
Published: July 2024

Carcinosarcoma of the prostate is a rare neoplasm characterized by a sarcomatoid component coexisting with an adenocarcinoma. This tumor has a poor outcome and presents usually with distant metastasis. Immunohistochemically, the epithelial and mesenchymal components are different, and on a molecular basis, the presence of mutations of TP53 and phosphate and tensin homolog (PTEN) supports the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the pathogenesis of this entity. We report the case of a 63-year-old man presented with advanced prostate carcinosarcoma showing a negative reaction for PTEN and a positive staining for P53 in both components by immunohistochemical study.
Morphological Variations of the Umbilical Cord of Full-term Fetuses – Correlation with Maternal and Newborn Parameters
Authors: Aricatt Divia Paul , Jacob Meera , Gaikwad Manisha Rajanand , Chandy Dane
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Abnormalities in the development and site of insertion of the umbilical cord (UC) can cause problems which have the potential to affect maternal and fetal health. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the gross features of UC of singleton pregnancies and correlate it to the newborn parameters and maternal parameters at term.

Materials and Methods:

An observational, descriptive pilot study was carried out with 100 placentas. All ethical principles for human research were followed and ethical approval was obtained from the institutional ethics committee of the medical college from where data were collected. The inclusion criteria were the adequately preserved placenta with no gross abnormalities. Placenta belonging to hypertensive mothers and mothers with gestational diabetes were excluded.

Results and Conclusion:

The UC morphology was recorded and analyzed. Newborn parameters and maternal parameters were correlated to UC parameters. The present study statistics showed 53% placentas with central insertion, 36% eccentric insertion, 3% furcated and marginal insertions each, and 5% specimens with velamentous insertion. A correlation between the UC insertion site and birth weight was observed. Low birth weight was observed when the cord was inserted eccentrically. Further investigations are required among velamentous insertion to reach a conclusion for maternal blood group correlations.
In vitro Preparation of Dry Bones from Remnants of Dissected Cadavers: An Effective Low-cost Method of Recycling Remnants of Human Cadavers
Authors: Sajith E. A. T. Edirisinghe , Dulmini H. K. De Silva , Harsha P. Dissanayake , Surangi G. Yasawardane , Bhashitha Adhikarinayake , Nawodha D. P. De Zoysa
Published: July 2024

Background:

Human bones are an essential part of medical education.

Objectives:

This study outlines a new method developed by the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, for processing human bones from cadaver waste.

Subjects and Methods:

The bones were disarticulated, cleaned of soft tissues, and boiled with potassium hydroxide. Afterward, they were deposited in an aerating system with a water pump, covered with a soil mixture, and were aerated to provide fresh air, and the humidity of the soil was monitored. After 4 months of soil treatment, the bones were exhumed, boiled, air-dried, and varnished.

Results:

This method produced good-quality bones within a shorter time using less resources. It helped generate more bones and halve the cadaver waste cost.

Conclusion:

The technique can easily be adopted to produce human bones, even within a small space, in less time and with less labor force.
Histopathological Changes Induced by Exposure of Mosquito Coil Smoke on the Liver of Adult Wistar Albino Rats – An Experimental Study
Authors: Syed Masooma , Syed Midhat , Syed Farah , Akram Waqar
Published: July 2024

Background:

Mosquito coils are widely used to control mosquitoes due to their low cost. However, their combustion releases harmful pollutants.

Objective:

This study investigates the histological changes in rat liver due to exposure to mosquito coil smoke containing d-trans allethrin.

Methods:

Eighteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (Group A), exposed for 4 weeks (Group B), and exposed for 6 weeks (Group C). The rats were exposed to the smoke for 8 hours daily. Liver tissues were collected, fixed, sectioned, and stained for histological analysis.

Results:

Prolonged exposure to mosquito coil smoke leads to significant liver damage and inflammation due to the release of fine particles and toxic compounds.

Conclusion:

Long-term exposure to mosquito coil smoke is hepatotoxic. Public awareness and measures to minimize exposure are necessary.
An in vitro comparative evaluation of efficiency of three rotary nickel–titanium file systems in terms of remaining dentin thickness using cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Subedar Alreem , Singh Shishir , Podar Rajesh , Laha Abhishek , Salgar Avinash , Shetty Roshan , Sitlaney Teena
Published: July 2024

Aim:

The objective of the present research was to assess and compare the residual dentin thickness after biomechanical preparation of teeth using three distinct rotary nickel–titanium (Ni-Ti) file systems.

Materials and Methods:

In the current experimental study, a total of 45 single-rooted teeth were selected for the analysis. The cementoenamel junction of each tooth was decoronated using a diamond disc. The teeth were randomly allocated to three groups, with each group representing a different rotary file system: Group 1: Hero GOLD (Micro Mega), Group 2: One Curve (Micro Mega), and Group 3: HyFlex electro-discharge machining (EDM) (Coltene-Whaledent, Altstatten, Switzerland). To evaluate the initial condition of the teeth, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were conducted before the biomechanical preparation. The teeth were positioned on a modeling wax sheet, and the CBCT scans provided baseline measurements. The biomechanical preparation of the root canals followed the manufacturer’s recommended guidelines for each file system. After the completion of the canal preparation, follow-up CBCT scans were conducted. The postprocedure CBCT scans were then compared with the initial scans to assess any changes in the residual thickness of dentin in the teeth.

Statistical Analysis:

Post hoc Tukey analysis of variance tests was utilized to examine differences between the groups. A statistically significant result was defined as P = 0.05 or less for every test.

Results:

The comparison of preinstrumentation and postinstrumentation CBCT images showed that the HyFlex EDM group removed less dentin clinically compared to the other two groups, i.e., Hero GOLD and One Curve. No significant statistical difference was found between Hero GOLD versus One Curve, One Curve versus HyFlex EDM, and Hero GOLD versus HyFlex EDM.

Conclusion:

Based on the results of this study, the HyFlex EDM file system exhibited superior cutting efficiency at various levels. Nonetheless, additional investigations are required to comprehensively assess the influence of Ni-Ti rotary file systems on the remaining dentin thickness.
Does increase in temperature of sodium hypochlorite have enhanced antimicrobial efficacy and tissue dissolution property? – A systematic review and meta-regression
Authors: Govindaraju Lokhasudhan , Shruthi ST , Gopal Rajeswari , Jenarthanan Sowjanyaa , Rajendran Mathan Rajan
Published: July 2024

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to analyze the available evidence on the performance of increase in temperature of sodium hypochlorite on its antimicrobial efficacy and tissue dissolution property.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, and a modified Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool was used for quality assessment of the included studies. Two reviewers independently performed an electronic search in four databases along with the reference lists of the included articles.

Results:

This systematic review included a total of 12 studies: antimicrobial efficacy (n = 6) and tissue dissolution property (n = 6). For the studies that were chosen, the overall risk of bias was moderate. Quantitative assessment through meta-regression was performed for tissue dissolution property. Low-concentration sodium hypochlorite irrigant (≤3%) shows a 0.13-unit times increase in tissue dissolution ability with a degree rise in temperature although not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Due to inconsistency in the study parameters, results pertaining to the exclusive effect of increase in the temperature of sodium hypochlorite remain inconclusive.
Antibiofilm activity of sodium hypochlorite against enterococcus faecalis using four irrigant activation protocols
Authors: Choudhury Prerana , Raghu Ramya , Shetty Ashish , Santhosh Lekha , Subhashini R. , Nikhitha K. L.
Published: July 2024

Aims:

The aim of the study was to compare the activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against Enterococcus faecalis when used with four different irrigation protocols.

Methodology:

Sixty-five single-rooted mandibular premolars with closed apex were prepared till size 35/0.04. The specimens were sterilized and infected with E. faecalis colonies that were cultured separately. The canals were randomly divided into four experimental groups based on irrigation activation protocol, with each group having 15 specimens each – Group 1: control, Group 2: manual dynamic agitation (MDA), Group 3: passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), Group 4: intracanal heating (ICH), and Group 5: passive ultrasonic irrigation followed by ICH (PUI ICH). The dentinal shavings were collected and sampled before (S1) and after (S2) the different irrigation techniques were performed. The colony-forming units were counted, and the bacterial reduction was calculated for each group.

Results:

A significant reduction in the number of E. faecalis colonies was observed for all the experimental groups (P < 0.001). The groups with ICH of NaOCl showed a considerable reduction in bacterial colonies than other groups (P < 0.001), with Group 5 that combined ultrasonics with ICH showed the highest reduction.

Conclusion:

ICH of NaOCl may be used as an adjunct to root canal irrigation to reduce the bacterial concentration from root canal spaces.
Coping with complexity: Navigating severe curve canals in endodontic root canal treatment: A clinical case series
Authors: Kharkar Atharv Pramod , Reddy Kranthikumar S , Banerjee Satyabrat , Maheshwari Zinnie
Published: July 2024

Knowledge of tooth anatomy and its variations are essential for the success of endodontic treatment. Dilacerations represent developmental anomalies marked by sudden deviations in a tooth’s longitudinal axis. Common causes of treatment failures in such cases are primarily related to procedural errors such as ledging, fractured instruments, canal blockages, zipping, and elbow creations. The current case series presents three such interesting cases of endodontic management of curved root canals in mandibular molars.
Effect of blood and artificial saliva contamination on marginal adaptation and sealing ability of different retrograde filling materials: A comparative analysis
Authors: Sunanda Yantrapragada Lakshmi , Parvathaneni Krishna Prasad , Raju T. B. V. G. , Seshadri Abitha , Dondapati Gowtam Dev
Published: July 2024

Objective:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of blood and artificial salivary contamination of different root-end filling materials on microleakage using a confocal laser scanning microscope and on marginal adaptation using a scanning electron microscope.

Materials and Methods:

Eighty noncarious single-rooted teeth with mature apices were taken. After retro-cavity preparation, they were randomly assigned into two major groups (n = 40). They were contaminated with blood and artificial saliva, respectively. Each major group was divided randomly into four subgroups (n = 10) and filled as follows: Subgroup A, Biodentine; Subgroup B, bioactive bone cement; Subgroup C, Cention N; and Subgroup D, Bio-C Repair. The samples were sectioned transversely at 1 and 2 mm from the root apex and checked under a confocal laser scanning microscope for microleakage and under an scanning electron microscope for marginal adaptation. The average mean values were calculated. Independent samples t-tests, paired t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc tests were done to analyze the data.

Results:

All the tested materials showed marginal gaps and dye leakage. The Bio-C Repair group showed the least mean marginal gap and dye leakage values, followed by bioactive bone cement, Biodentine, and Cention N, respectively, in both blood and artificial saliva contamination. However, the mean marginal gaps and dye leakage between the major groups were statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:

In an overall comparison, Bio-C Repair was found to be superior in terms of marginal adaptation and sealing ability under the test conditions.
Antimicrobial efficacy of calcium silicate-based bioceramic sealers against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus – An in vitro study
Authors: Kirthiga M. , Thomas George , Jose Sunil , Adarsh V. J. , Nair Saron
Published: July 2024

Context:

The main objective of endodontic therapy is to achieve a sterile environment and three-dimensional filling of the root canals. Endodontic sealers play an important role in the obturation of the root canal system as they may provide a seal, which prevents the penetration of bacteria. Sealers are meant to entomb residual bacteria, prevent leakage of nutrients, and ideally possess antibacterial properties.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial effectiveness of calcium silicate-based bioceramic root canal sealers against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus using the agar diffusion method.

Materials and Methods:

The materials were divided into four groups of nine samples each for both E. faecalis and S. aureus. Group I (control group) – MTA-Fillapex (Angelus), Group II – BioRoot RCS (Septodont), Group III – Bio-C Sealer (Angelus), and Group IV – Dia-Root Bio Sealer (Diadent). To evaluate the antibacterial activity of the samples, the agar diffusion method was utilized. To begin, a bacterial suspension was evenly spread onto sterile Petri dishes using sterile swabs. Four wells of 4 mm diameter were then punched, and the sealers were mixed following the manufacturer’s instructions and placed onto the prepared wells. The Petri dishes were then incubated at 37°C for 72 h. After incubation, the zones of inhibition around each well were measured at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, and the resulting values were statistically analyzed.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The data were analyzed using the ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s test.

Results:

Calcium silicate-based root canal sealers showed significantly better efficacy than the control group. BioRoot RCS (3.44 ± 1.13 mm) showed maximum antibacterial effect against E. faecalis at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h time intervals. Bio-C Sealer (16.44 ± 1.42 mm) showed maximum antibacterial effect against S. aureus at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h time intervals. The effectiveness of root canal sealants eventually decreased over a period. Based on analysis using the ANOVA test, a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) was observed between the mean values of antimicrobial efficacy of sealers against both E. faeca
lis and S. aureus.

Conclusions:

The study’s findings lead to the conclusion that BioRoot RCS showed a maximum antibacterial effect against E
. faecal
is and Bio-C Sealer showed maximum antibacterial effect against S. aureus at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h.
An in vitro comparative evaluation of cyclic fatigue resistance of two rotary and two reciprocating file systems
Authors: Srikumar G. P. V. , Gadbail Vaishnavi , Alexander Arvind Kumar , Nishad Geeta , Rahane Shripriya , Beautlin J. S.
Published: July 2024

Context:

Root canal instrumentation is one of the important procedures for successful endodontic therapy. Unexpected fracture of files occurs during root canal instrumentation without any visible signs of deformation compromising the success of root canal treatment.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare cyclic fatigue resistance (CFR) of rotary and reciprocating files in simulated canals with 45°, 60°, and 90° angle of curvature.

Settings and Design:

The study design was an In vitro study.

Subjects and Methods:

Sixty nickel–titanium files, 30 each of rotary and reciprocating files were selected and divided into four groups (n = 15) of Neoendo Flex, ProTaper Next, WaveOne Gold (WOG), and Reciproc Blue (RPB) files. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups containing five samples each based on their use in simulated canals with 45°, 60°, and 90° angle of curvature. To simulate root canals with 45°, 60°, and 90° angle of curvature, three artificial canals were designed in a stainless steel metal block. Each file was autoclaved, immersed in 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and coated with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Each file was tested for CFR using a torque-controlled reduction handpiece by instrumenting in a simulated canal for 10 s until fracture. The cycle of autoclaving, exposure to NaOCl, EDTA, and testing of CFR for 10 s per canal as per groups and subgroups was repeated again and again until the respective file fracture. The time taken to file fracture was recorded using a digital chronometer. The time taken for each file fracture (in minutes) was multiplied by the number of rotations per minute to attain the number of cycles to failure (NCF).

Statistical Analysis Used:

The obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance and independent t-test.

Results:

One-way ANOVA test showed a statistically significant difference between the four groups, P < 0.001. Independent “t”-test between individual subgroups showed a statistically significant difference, as P < 0.05.

Conclusions:

WOG and RPB reciprocating file systems showed superior CFR, more especially in canals with abrupt 90° angle of curvature compared to both rotary file systems tested. Among rotary file systems tested, Neoendo Flex showed greater CFR than ProTaper Next.
Impacts of Nutlin-3a and exercise on murine double minute 2–enriched glioma treatment
Authors: Chen Yisheng , Fan Zhongcheng , Luo Zhiwen , Kang Xueran , Wan Renwen , Li Fangqi , Lin Weiwei , Han Zhihua , Qi Beijie , Lin Jinrong , Sun Yaying , Huang Jiebin , Xu Yuzhen , Chen Shiyi
Published: July 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202504000-00029/figure1/v/2024-07-06T104127Z/r/image-tiff

Recent research has demonstrated the impact of physical activity on the prognosis of glioma patients, with evidence suggesting exercise may reduce mortality risks and aid neural regeneration. The role of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein, especially post-exercise, in cancer progression, is gaining attention, as are the potential anti-cancer effects of SUMOylation. We used machine learning to create the exercise and SUMO-related gene signature (ESLRS). This signature shows how physical activity might help improve the outlook for low-grade glioma and other cancers. We demonstrated the prognostic and immunotherapeutic significance of ESLRS markers, specifically highlighting how murine double minute 2 (MDM2), a component of the ESLRS, can be targeted by nutlin-3. This underscores the intricate relationship between natural compounds such as nutlin-3 and immune regulation. Using comprehensive CRISPR screening, we validated the effects of specific ESLRS genes on low-grade glioma progression. We also revealed insights into the effectiveness of Nutlin-3a as a potent MDM2 inhibitor through molecular docking and dynamic simulation. Nutlin-3a inhibited glioma cell proliferation and activated the p53 pathway. Its efficacy decreased with MDM2 overexpression, and this was reversed by Nutlin-3a or exercise. Experiments using a low-grade glioma mouse model highlighted the effect of physical activity on oxidative stress and molecular pathway regulation. Notably, both physical exercise and Nutlin-3a administration improved physical function in mice bearing tumors derived from MDM2-overexpressing cells. These results suggest the potential for Nutlin-3a, an MDM2 inhibitor, with physical exercise as a therapeutic approach for glioma management. Our research also supports the use of natural products for therapy and sheds light on the interaction of exercise, natural products, and immune regulation in cancer treatment.
Cortico-striatal gamma oscillations are modulated by dopamine D3 receptors in dyskinetic rats
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Bi Yuewei , Li Min , Chen Jiazhi , Wang Zhuyong , Wen Huantao , Zhou Ming , Luo Minjie , Zhang Wangming
Published: July 2024

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Long-term levodopa administration can lead to the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Gamma oscillations are a widely recognized hallmark of abnormal neural electrical activity in levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Currently, studies have reported increased oscillation power in cases of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. However, little is known about how the other electrophysiological parameters of gamma oscillations are altered in levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Furthermore, the role of the dopamine D3 receptor, which is implicated in levodopa-induced dyskinesia, in movement disorder-related changes in neural oscillations is unclear. We found that the cortico-striatal functional connectivity of beta oscillations was enhanced in a model of Parkinson’s disease. Furthermore, levodopa application enhanced cortical gamma oscillations in cortico-striatal projections and cortical gamma aperiodic components, as well as bidirectional primary motor cortex (M1) ↔ dorsolateral striatum gamma flow. Administration of PD128907 (a selective dopamine D3 receptor agonist) induced dyskinesia and excessive gamma oscillations with a bidirectional M1 ↔ dorsolateral striatum flow. However, administration of PG01037 (a selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist) attenuated dyskinesia, suppressed gamma oscillations and cortical gamma aperiodic components, and decreased gamma causality in the M1 → dorsolateral striatum direction. These findings suggest that the dopamine D3 receptor plays a role in dyskinesia-related oscillatory activity, and that it has potential as a therapeutic target for levodopa-induced dyskinesia.
Perfluoropentane-based oxygen-loaded nanodroplets reduce microglial activation through metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Luo Wanxian , Xu Chuanhui , Li Linxi , Ji Yunxiang , Wang Yezhong , Li Yingjia , Ye Yongyi
Published: July 2024

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Microglia, the primary immune cells within the brain, have gained recognition as a promising therapeutic target for managing neurodegenerative diseases within the central nervous system, including Parkinson’s disease. Nanoscale perfluorocarbon droplets have been reported to not only possess a high oxygen-carrying capacity, but also exhibit remarkable anti-inflammatory properties. However, the role of perfluoropentane in microglia-mediated central inflammatory reactions remains poorly understood. In this study, we developed perfluoropentane-based oxygen-loaded nanodroplets (PFP-OLNDs) and found that pretreatment with these droplets suppressed the lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of M1-type microglia in vitro and in vivo, and suppressed microglial activation in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Microglial suppression led to a reduction in the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cell migration capacity in vitro. Consequently, the neurotoxic effects were mitigated, which alleviated neuronal degeneration. Additionally, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of PFP-OLNDs mainly resulted from the modulation of microglial metabolic reprogramming. We further showed that PFP-OLNDs regulated microglial metabolic reprogramming through the AKT-mTOR-HIF-1α pathway. Collectively, our findings suggest that the novel PFP-OLNDs constructed in this study alleviate microglia-mediated central inflammatory reactions through metabolic reprogramming.
The emerging role of mesenchymal stem cell–derived extracellular vesicles to ameliorate hippocampal NLRP3 inflammation induced by binge-like ethanol treatment in adolescence
Authors: Mellado Susana , Morillo-Bargues María José , Perpiñá-Clérigues Carla , García-García Francisco , Moreno-Manzano Victoria , Guerri Consuelo , Pascual María
Published: July 2024

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Our previous studies have reported that activation of the NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3)-inflammasome complex in ethanol-treated astrocytes and chronic alcohol-fed mice could be associated with neuroinflammation and brain damage. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have been shown to restore the neuroinflammatory response, along with myelin and synaptic structural alterations in the prefrontal cortex, and alleviate cognitive and memory dysfunctions induced by binge-like ethanol treatment in adolescent mice. Considering the therapeutic role of the molecules contained in mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, the present study analyzed whether the administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles isolated from adipose tissue, which inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, was capable of reducing hippocampal neuroinflammation in adolescent mice treated with binge drinking. We demonstrated that the administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorated the activation of the hippocampal NLRP3 inflammasome complex and other NLRs inflammasomes (e.g., pyrin domain-containing 1, caspase recruitment domain-containing 4, and absent in melanoma 2, as well as the alterations in inflammatory genes (interleukin-1β, interleukin-18, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor-kappa B, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and C–X3–C motif chemokine ligand 1) and miRNAs (miR-21a-5p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-141-5p) induced by binge-like ethanol treatment in adolescent mice. Bioinformatic analysis further revealed the involvement of miR-21a-5p and miR-146a-5p with inflammatory target genes and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. Taken together, these findings provide novel evidence of the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived EVs to ameliorate the hippocampal neuroinflammatory response associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by binge drinking in adolescence.
Symptoms and coronary risk factors predictive of adverse cardiac events in chest pain patients in an Asian emergency department: the need for a local prediction score
Authors: Lin Ziwei , Lim Swee Han , Yap Qai Ven , Kow Cheryl Shumin , Chan Yiong Huak , Chua Siang Jin Terrance , Venkataraman Anantharaman
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Clinical assessment is pivotal in diagnosing acute coronary syndrome. Our study aimed to identify clinical characteristics predictive of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in an Asian population and to derive a risk score for MACE.

Methods:

Patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with chest pain and non-diagnostic 12-lead electrocardiograms were recruited. Clinical history was recorded in a predesigned template. Random glucose and direct low-density lipoprotein measurements were taken, in addition to serial troponin. We derived the age, coronary risk factors (CRF), sex and symptoms (ACSS) risk score based on multivariate analysis results, considering age, CRF, sex and symptoms and classifying patients into very low, low, moderate and high risk for MACE. Comparison was made with the ED Assessment of Chest Pain Score (EDACS) and the history, electrocardiogram, age, risk factors, troponin (HEART) score. We also modified the HEART score with the CRF that we had identified. The outcomes were 30-day and 1-year MACE.

Results:

There were a total of 1689 patients, with 172 (10.2%) and 200 (11.8%) having 30-day and 1-year MACE, respectively. Symptoms predictive of MACE included central chest pain, radiation to the jaw/neck, associated diaphoresis, and symptoms aggravated by exertion and relieved by glyceryl trinitrate. The ACSS score had an area under the curve of 0.769 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.735–0.803) and 0.760 (95% CI: 0.727–0.793) for 30-day and 1-year MACE, respectively, outperforming EDACS. Those in the very-low-risk and low-risk groups had <1% risk of 30-day MACE.

Conclusion:

The ACSS risk score shows potential for use in the local ED or primary care setting, potentially reducing unnecessary cardiac investigations and admission.
Laparoscopic hepatectomy is a feasible and safe choice for primary hepatocellular carcinoma located at favorable location during the development period of a tertiary hospital: A case–control study
Authors: Lee Yi-Hsuan , Huang Yu-Ting , Kuo Tsai-Ling , Lee Ming-Che , Chen Yen-Cheng
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

Laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been well known for its advantages in the past 10 years, but little is known regarding its oncologic outcomes while the technique is being developed at an institution. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of LH for patients with primary HCC at favorable locations, focusing on postoperative short- and long-term outcomes during the development period.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with primary HCC who underwent hepatectomy between January 2013 and December 2019 at Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital. Patients with HCC at favorable locations (anterolateral segments) were collected and divided into laparoscopic and open hepatectomy (OH) groups. The data for long-term outcomes, as the primary endpoint, and postoperative outcomes, as the secondary endpoint, were collected.

Results:

The review included 159 patients, among which 42 and 44 patients in favorable locations underwent open and laparoscopic hepatectomies, respectively. There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, major complication rate, and 90-day mortality rate between the two groups. The laparoscopic group had a lower transfusion rate, shorter postoperative hospital stay, and lower 90-day readmission rate. There were no significant differences in 12-, 36-, and 60-month overall survival and disease-free survival.

Conclusion:

LH for favorably located HCC is the preferred surgical approach compared to OH due to the decreased transfusion rate, shorter postoperative hospital stay, and lower 90-day readmission rate. LH did not compromise the 90-day mortality rate with sustained long-term overall and disease-free survival. LH for favorably located HCC is a safe and effective surgical approach even during the development period.
Familial myelinated nerve fiber
Authors: Kannan Balaji
Published: July 2024

We describe three cases of myelinated retinal nerve fibres, in a patient, her brother and mother, suggesting that an inherited defect may be responsible in certain cases.
Abducens palsy with facial nerve palsy: A rare clinical presentation
Authors: Jayasri P. , Stephen Mary
Published: July 2024

Multiple cranial nerve palsies are commonly due to brainstem lesions and the presence of abducens nerve palsy with peripheral facial nerve palsy is very rare and the exact etiologies are not defined. Very few reports of pontine infarct are associated with the condition. We report a young male presented with sudden onset diplopia with left-side abduction deficit and inadequate eyelid closure of the left eye. Upon evaluation, it was found to have high blood pressure recordings and imaging revealed the presence of an ipsilateral pontine infarct. The patient was managed with antihypertensives and antiplatelet agents and symptomatic resolution was found after 2 months of follow-up.

This report describes a very rare association of abducens and facial nerve palsy in pontine infarct and to our best knowledge only a few reports are available on the same.