bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning and Numerical Modeling for Combined Heat Transfer in Polymethylmethacrylate
Authors: Dehghan Manshadi Mahsa , Alafchi Nima , Tat Alireza , Mousavi Milad , Mosavi Amirhosein
Published: May 2022

This study has compared different methods to predict the simultaneous effects of conductive and radiative heat transfer in a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) sample. PMMA is a type of polymer utilized in various sensors and actuator devices. One-dimensional combined heat transfer is considered in numerical analysis. Computer implementation was obtained for the numerical solution of the governing equation with the implicit finite difference method in the case of discretization. Kirchhoff transformation was used to obtain data from a non-linear equation of conductive heat transfer by considering monochromatic radiation intensity and temperature conditions applied to the PMMA sample boundaries. For the deep neural network (DNN) method, the novel long short-term memory (LSTM) method was introduced to find accurate results in the least processing time compared to the numerical method. A recent study derived the combined heat transfer and temperature profiles for the PMMA sample. Furthermore, the transient temperature profile was validated by another study. A comparison proves the perfect agreement. It shows the temperature gradient in the primary positions, which provides a spectral amount of conductive heat transfer from the PMMA sample. It is more straightforward when they are compared with the novel DNN method. Results demonstrate that this artificial intelligence method is accurate and fast in predicting problems. By analyzing the results from the numerical solution, it can be understood that the conductive and radiative heat flux are similar in the case of gradient behavior, but the amount is also twice as high approximately. Hence, total heat flux has a constant value in an approximated steady-state condition. In addition to analyzing their composition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and confusion matrix were implemented to evaluate the algorithm’s performance.
Candidate Acetic Acid Bacteria Strains for Levan Production
Authors: Anguluri Kavitha , La China Salvatore , Brugnoli Marcello , De Vero Luciana , Pulvirenti Andrea , Cassanelli Stefano , Gullo Maria
Published: May 2022

In this study, twelve strains of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) belonging to five different genera were tested for their ability to produce levan, at 70 and 250 g/L of sucrose concentration, respectively. The fructan produced by the bacterial strains was characterized as levan by NMR spectroscopy. Most of the strains produced levan, highlighting intra- and inter-species variability. High yield was observed for Neoasaia chiangmaiensis NBRC 101099 T, Kozakia baliensis DSM 14400 T and Gluconobacter cerinus DSM 9533 T at 70 g/L of sucrose. A 12-fold increase was observed for N. chiangmaiensis NBRC 101099 T at 250 g/L of sucrose concentration. Levan production was found to be affected by glucose accumulation and pH reduction, especially in Ko. baliensis DSM 14400 T. All the Gluconobacter strains showed a negative correlation with the increase in sucrose concentration. Among strains of Komagataeibacter genus, no clear effect of sucrose on levan yield was found. Results obtained in this study highlighted the differences in levan yield among AAB strains and showed interdependence between culture conditions, carbon source utilization, and time of incubation. On the contrary, the levan yield was not always related to the sucrose concentration.
The Hierarchy of Authorship in the Hermeneutics of the Daodejing
Authors: Sarafinas Daniel
Published: May 2022

The question of the authorship of the Daodejing, otherwise known as the Laozi, is a hotly contested debate, and one’s stance on the existence and role of the author can have potential implications for one’s interpretation of the text. This paper explores how notions of authorship of a text influence, often unconsciously, a reader’s interpretation such that the possible meaning generated within that text becomes limited, reduced, or terminated. Three hermeneutic frameworks, Authorial intentionalism, reader-oriented readings, and intention of the text, are problematized, revealing both how they contribute to the production of meaning, but more importantly how a lack of critical awareness of one’s own hermeneutic stance regarding authorship might terminate potential significance. These hermeneutic frameworks are applied to the work of contemporary scholars and translators of the Laozi in order to assess how implicit notions of authorship contribute to strengths and weaknesses in interpretations of the Laozi as it regards the production of meaning and significance. Being critical in nature, this paper is meant only to reveal how the reader’s unreflexive engagement with their attitude toward authorship can lead to problematic results in interpretation and translation of any work in general and the Laozi in particular.
Early Textual Scholarship on Acts: Observations from the Euthalian Quotation Lists
Authors: Allen Garrick V.
Published: May 2022

This article examines two aspects of the ubiquitous, but oft-overlooked, set of paratexts known as the Euthalian Apparatus. The Euthalian apparatus supplements Acts, the Pauline Epistles, and the Catholic Epistles in a variety of manuscripts, framing these works with prefaces, cross-references, lists of various kinds, and biographic texts relating to Paul. To begin to understand this variable system as a work of late-ancient textual scholarship, transmitted in hundreds of medieval manuscripts, I examine the two quotation lists provided for Acts, focusing on their various presentations in the manuscripts, using GA 1162 as an example. Examining these lists enables us to better understand the reception of Acts’ use of Jewish scripture, Acts’ reception in late-ancient scholastic contexts, the transmission of quotations, and the complexity involved in defining the boundaries of canonical ideologies.
Climatological Aspects of Active Fires in Northeastern China and Their Relationship to Land Cover
Authors: Sun Li , Yang Lei , Xia Xiangao , Wang Dongdong , Zhang Tiening
Published: May 2022

Biomass burning (BB) is a driving force for heavy haze in northeastern China (NEC) and shows distinct seasonal features. However, little is known about its climatological aspects, which are important for regional BB management and understanding BB effects on climate and environment. Here, the climatological characteristics of active fires and their dependence on land cover in NEC were studied using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products. Moreover, the influence of meteorological factors on fire activities was explored. The number of fires was found to have increased significantly from 2003 to 2018; and the annual total FRP (FRPtot) showed a generally consistent variation with fire counts. However, the mean fire radiative power for each spot (FRPmean) decreased. Fire activity showed distinctive seasonal variations. Most fires and intense burning events occurred in spring and autumn. Spatially, fires were mainly concentrated in cropland areas in plains, where the frequency of fires increased significantly, especially in spring and autumn. The annual percentage of agricultural fires increased from 34% in 2003 to over 60% after 2008 and the FRPtot of croplands increased from 12% to over 55%. Fires in forests, savannas, and grasslands tended to be associated with higher FRPmean than those in croplands. Analysis indicated that the increasing fire count in NEC is mainly caused by agricultural fires. Although the decreasing FRPmean represents an effective management of BB in recent years, high fire counts and FRPtot in croplands indicate that the crop residue burning cannot be simply banned and a need instead for effective applications. More efforts should be made on clean utilization of straw. The accumulation of dry biomass, high temperature, and low humidity, and weak precipitation are conducive to the fire activities. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of BB in NEC and provides a reference for regional BB management and control.
Wind and Turbulence Statistics in the Urban Boundary Layer over a Mountain–Valley System in Granada, Spain
Authors: Ortiz-Amezcua Pablo , Martínez-Herrera Alodía , Manninen Antti J. , Pentikäinen Pyry P. , O’Connor Ewan J. , Guerrero-Rascado Juan Luis , Alados-Arboledas Lucas
Published: May 2022

Urban boundary layer characterization is currently a challenging and relevant issue, because of its role in weather and air quality modelling and forecast. In many cities, the effect of complex topography at local scale makes this modelling even more complicated. This is the case of mid-latitude urban areas located in typical basin topographies, which usually present low winds and high turbulence within the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). This study focuses on the analysis of the first ever measurements of wind with high temporal and vertical resolution throughout the ABL over a medium-sized city surrounded by mountains in southern Spain. These measurements have been gathered with a scanning Doppler lidar system and analyzed using the Halo lidar toolbox processing chain developed at the Finnish Meteorological Institute. We have used the horizontal wind product and the ABL turbulence classification product to carry out a statistical study using a two-year database. The data availability in terms of maximum analyzed altitudes for statistically significant results was limited to around 1000–1500 m above ground level (a.g.l.) due to the decreasing signal intensity with height that also depends on aerosol load. We have analyzed the differences and similarities in the diurnal evolution of the horizontal wind profiles for different seasons and their modelling with Weibull and von Mises probability distributions, finding a general trend of mean daytime wind from the NW with mean speeds around 3–4 m/s at low altitudes and 6–10 m/s at higher altitudes, and weaker mean nocturnal wind from the SE with similar height dependence. The highest speeds were observed during spring, and the lowest during winter. Finally, we studied the turbulent sources at the ABL with temporal (for each hour of the day) and height resolution. The results show a clear convective activity during daytime at altitudes increasing with time, and a significant wind-shear-driven turbulence during night-time.
Structural Stability Evaluation of Existing Buildings by Reverse Engineering with 3D Laser Scanner
Authors: Jang Arum , Ju Young K. , Park Min Jae
Published: May 2022

In the Fourth Industrial Revolution, research and development of application technologies that combine high-tech technologies have been actively conducted. Building information modeling (BIM) technology using advanced equipment is considered promising for future construction projects. In particular, using a 3D laser scanner, LIDAR is expected to be a solution for future building safety inspections. This work proposes a new method for evaluating building stability using a 3D laser scanner. In this study, an underground parking lot was analyzed using a 3D laser scanner. Further, structural analysis was performed using the finite element method (FEM) by applying the figure and geometry data acquired from the laser scan. This process includes surveying the modeled point cloud data of the scanned building, such as identifying the relative deflection of the floor slab, and the sectional shape and inclination of the column. Consequently, safety diagnosis was performed using the original evaluation criteria. This confirms that it is precise and efficient to use a 3D laser scanner for building stability assessment. This paper presents a digital point cloud-based approach using a 3D laser scanner to evaluate the stability of buildings.
Antarctic Basal Water Storage Variation Inferred from Multi-Source Satellite Observation and Relevant Models
Authors: Kang Jingyu , Lu Yang , Li Yan , Zhang Zizhan , Shi Hongling
Published: May 2022

Antarctic basal water storage variation (BWSV) refers to mass changes of basal water beneath the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS). Identifying these variations is critical for understanding Antarctic basal hydrology variations and basal heat conduction, yet they are rarely accessible due to a lack of direct observation. This paper proposes a layered gravity density forward/inversion iteration method to investigate Antarctic BWSV based on multi-source satellite observations and relevant models. During 2003–2009, BWSV increased at an average rate of 43 ± 23 Gt/yr, which accounts for 29% of the previously documented total mass loss rate (−76 ± 20 Gt/yr) of AIS. Major uncertainty arises from satellite gravimetry, satellite altimetry, the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) model, and the modelled basal melting rate. We find that increases in basal water mainly occurred in regions with widespread active subglacial lakes, such as the Rockefeller Plateau, Siple Coast, Institute Ice Stream regions, and marginal regions of East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS), which indicates the increased water storage in these active subglacial lakes, despite the frequent water drainage events. The Amundsen Sea coast experienced a significant loss during the same period, which is attributed to the basal meltwater discharging into the Amundsen Sea through basal channels.
Spatiotemporal Evolution Pattern and Driving Mechanisms of Landslides in the Wenchuan Earthquake-Affected Region: A Case Study in the Bailong River Basin, China
Authors: Lin Linxin , Chen Guan , Shi Wei , Jin Jiacheng , Wu Jie , Huang Fengchun , Chong Yan , Meng Yang , Li Yajun , Zhang Yi
Published: May 2022

Understanding the spatiotemporal evolution and driving mechanisms of landslides following a mega-earthquake at the catchment scale can lead to improved landslide hazard assessment and reduced related risk. However, little effort has been made to undertake such research in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected region, outside Sichuan Province, China. In this study, we used the Goulinping valley in the Bailong River basin in southern Gansu Province, China, as an example. By examining the multitemporal inventory, we revealed various characteristics of the spatiotemporal evolution of landslides over the past 13 years (2007–2020). We evaluated the activity of landslides using multisource remote-sensing technology, analyzed the driving mechanisms of landslides, and further quantified the contribution of landslide evolution to debris flow in the catchment. Our results indicate that the number of landslides increased by nearly six times from 2007 to 2020, and the total volume of landslides approximately doubled. The evolution of landslides in the catchment can be divided into three stages: the earthquake driving stage (2008), the coupled driving stage of earthquake and rainfall (2008–2017), and the rainfall driving stage (2017–present). Landslides in the upstream limestone area were responsive to earthquakes, while the middle–lower loess–phyllite-dominated reaches were mainly controlled by rainfall. Thus, the current landslides in the upstream region remain stable, and those in the mid-downstream are vigorous. Small landslides and mid-downstream slope erosion can rapidly provide abundant debris flow and reduce its threshold, leading to an increase in the frequency and scale of debris flow. This study lays the foundation for studying landslide mechanisms in the Bailong River basin or similar regions. It also aids in engineering management and landslide risk mitigation under seismic activity and climate change conditions.
Monitoring Sand Spit Variability Using Sentinel-2 and Google Earth Engine in a Mediterranean Estuary
Authors: Roca Mar , Navarro Gabriel , García-Sanabria Javier , Caballero Isabel
Published: May 2022

Estuarine degradation is a major concern worldwide, and is rapidly increasing due to anthropogenic pressures. The Mediterranean Guadiaro estuary, located in San Roque (Cadiz, Spain), is an example of a highly modified estuary, showing severe negative effects of eutrophication episodes and beach erosion. The migration of its river mouth sand spit causes the closure of the estuary, resulting in serious water quality issues and flora and fauna mortality due to the lack of water renewal. With the aim of studying the Guadiaro estuary throughout a 4-year period (2017–2020), the Sentinel-2 A/B twin satellites of the Copernicus programme were used thanks to their 5-day and 10 m temporal and spatial resolution, respectively. Sea–land mapping was performed using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, selecting cloud-free Sentinel-2 Level 2A images and computing statistics. Results show a closure trend of the Guadiaro river mouth and no clear sand spit seasonal patterns. The study also reveals the potential of both Sentinel-2 and GEE for estuarine monitoring by means of an optimized processing workflow. This improvement will be useful for coastal management to ensure a continuous and detailed monitoring in the area, contributing to the development of early-warning tools, which can be helpful for supporting an ecosystem-based approach to coastal areas.
The Changes of Spatiotemporal Pattern of Rocky Desertification and Its Dominant Driving Factors in Typical Karst Mountainous Areas under the Background of Global Change
Authors: Guo Bing , Yang Fei , Fan Junfu , Lu Yuefeng
Published: May 2022

There are significant differences in the dominant driving factors of rocky desertification evolution in different historical periods in southwest karst mountainous areas. However, previous studies were mostly conducted in specific periods. In this study, taking Bijie City as an example, the spatial and temporal evolution pattern of rocky desertification in Bijie City in the recent 35 years was analyzed by introducing the feature space model and the gravity center model, and then the dominant driving factors of rocky desertification in the study area in different historical periods were clarified based on GeoDetector. The results were as follows: (1) The point-to-point B (bare land index)-DI (dryness index) feature space model has high applicability for rocky desertification monitoring, and its inversion accuracy was 91.3%. (2) During the past 35 years, the rocky desertification in Bijie belonged to the moderate rocky desertification on the whole, and zones of intensive and severe rocky desertification were mainly distributed in the Weining Yi, Hui, and Miao Autonomous Region. (3) During 1985–2020, the rocky desertification in Bijie City showed an overall weakening trend (‘weakening–aggravating–weakening’). (4) From 1985 to 2020, the gravity center of rocky desertification in Bijie City moved westward, indicating that the aggravating degree of rocky desertification in the western region of the study area was higher than that in the eastern region. (5) The dominant factors affecting the evolution of rocky desertification in the past 35 years shifted from natural factor (vegetation coverage) to human activity factor (population density). The research results could provide decision supports for the prevention and control of rocky desertification in Bijie City and even the southwest karst mountainous area.
Carignan Grape Cultivar Salt Tolerance during the Germination Phase across the Mediterranean Basin
Authors: Cuena-Lombraña Alba , Lallai Andrea , Belhadj Feten , Gharbi Boutheina , Bacchetta Gianluigi
Published: May 2022

Carignan is a black grape cultivar widely planted throughout the western Mediterranean Basin. The grape faces significant viticultural hazards such as soil salinization, which affects about 6% of the world’s total land area. The search for salt tolerance genotypes to be introduced in crossbreeding programs and obtaining new cultivars is a key factor. The seed germination and salt tolerance of Carignan were studied from different coastal vineyards across the Mediterranean Basin, and as well as whether the distance from the sea affected germination and salt tolerance. Carignan seeds, independently of the temperature and distance from the sea, germinated more than 50% under 125 mM NaCl concentrations. Seed recovery was elevated, including the capacity of gemination after high salt exposure (500 mM NaCl). The results on germination behavior related to the distance from the sea showed that all tested vineyards, except for the one farthest from the sea, had similar germination responses. The optimum germination condition to select salt-tolerant accessions is alternating temperatures 25/10 °C and 125 mM NaCl. Thanks to the ability of the Carignan to germinate in a saline substrate and their capacity for recovery, it could be useful to crossbreeding programs, for integrating as rootstock selection or for the improvement of cultivars through sexual reproduction.
Assessment of Strength and Durability Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Comprising Alccofine
Authors: Prithiviraj Chidambaram , Saravanan Jagadeesan , Ramesh Kumar Deivasigamani , Murali Gunasekaran , Vatin Nikolai Ivanovich , Swaminathan Packirisamy
Published: May 2022

Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC), a high-performance concrete with exceptional fluidity and cohesiveness, has gained popularity recently. The consolidation qualities and durability demands of this material require the application of Supplemental Cementitious Materials (SCMs). Alccofine is a type of additive material that has the potential to increase SCC characteristics while lowering the environmental effect of Portland cement manufacturing. In light of these facts, this study focused on the fresh, strength, and durability properties of SCC by partially replacing cement with varying percentages of alccofine such as 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%. The fresh properties are examined using slump flow, T50, V-funnel, and L-box as per ISO 1920-13. The mechanical and durability properties were investigated, such as compressive strength test, modulus of rupture, Young’s modulus of concrete and water absorption, sorptivity, sulphate resistance, and acid resistance, and were compared with conventional SCC. Results indicated that the replacement of 30% alccofine exhibited superior performance in both the strength and durability properties compared to other mixes.
Development and Application of Non-Destructive Testing Instrument for Wall Impermeability Based on a Water Drenching Method
Authors: Fu Jun , Xu Yujia , Shi Yumeng
Published: May 2022

This article introduces a new type of on-site non-destructive testing instrument for the impermeability measurement of walls. The research and development of this instrument is based on the water drenching method. The influence of symmetry is mainly considered in the design process, and it has on-site testing functions such as water pressure adjustment and wind pressure simulation. The water seepage of the four types of masonry walls under the combined working conditions of three levels of spray strength and wind pressure strength was tested by using instruments. The results show that the weak location regarding the impermeability of the masonry wall is the junction of mortar joints. Parameters such as wall leakage time, seepage area and water seepage amount are significantly affected by wind pressure. Furthermore, during on-site inspection, the influence of wind pressure on water seepage conditions must be considered when simulating the real wind-driven rain conditions. The testing instrument will be promoted and used according to the compiled industry regulations.
Influence of Symmetry from Crystal Structure and Chemical Environments of Magnetic Ions on the Fully Compensated Ferrimagnetism of Full Heusler Cr2YZ and Mn2YZ Alloys
Authors: Wu Zhigang , Zhang Yajiu , Liu Zhuhong , Ma Xingqiao
Published: May 2022

Fully compensated ferrimagnets do not create any magnetic stray field and allow for a completely polarized current of charges. As a result, these alloys show promising prospects for applications as spintronic devices. In this paper, we investigated the phase stability, the site preference, the tetragonal distortion and the influence of symmetry from the crystal structure and chemical environments of magnetic ions on the magnetic properties of Cr2YZ and Mn2YZ (Y = void, Ni, Cu, and Zn; Z = Ga, Ge, and As) full Heusler alloys by first-principles calculations. We found that the selected Cr2-based alloys, except for Cr2NiGa and Cr2NiGe, prefer to crystallize in the centrosymmetric L21-type structure, while the selected Mn2-based alloys, except for Mn2CuAs, Mn2ZnGe and Mn2ZnAs, tend to crystallize in the non-centrosymmetric XA-type structure. Due to the symmetry, the antiferromagnetism of the selected L21-type alloys is very stable, and no spin-polarized density of states could be generated. In contrast, the magnetic moment of the selected XA-type alloys depends heavily on the number of valence electrons and tetragonal distortion, and spin-polarized density of states is generated. Therefore, the selected alloys with L21-type structures and their tetragonal-distorted structure are potential candidates for conventional antiferromagnets, while those with XA-type structure and their tetragonal-distorted structure are promising candidates for (fully) compensated ferrimagnets.
HLA-B*57:01 Complexed to a CD8 T-Cell Epitope from the HSV-2 ICP22 Protein Binds NK and T Cells through KIR3DL1
Authors: Laing Kerry J. , Campbell Victoria L. , Dong Lichun , Koelle David M.
Published: May 2022

HLA-B*57:01 is an HLA allelic variant associated with positive outcomes during viral infections through interactions with T cells and NK cells, but severe disease in persons treated with the anti-HIV-1 drug abacavir. The role of HLA-B*57:01 in the context of HSV infection is unknown. We identified an HLA-B*57:01-restricted CD8 T-cell epitope in the ICP22 (US1) protein of HSV-2. CD8 T cells reactive to the HSV-2 ICP22 epitope recognized the orthologous HSV-1 peptide, but not closely related peptides in human IFNL2 or IFNL3. Abacavir did not alter the CD8 T-cell recognition of the HSV or self-derived peptides. Unexpectedly, a tetramer of HSV-2 ICP22 epitope (228–236) and HLA-B*57:01 bound both CD8 T cells and NK cells. Tetramer specificity for KIR3DL1 was confirmed using KIR3DL1 overexpression on non-human primate cells lacking human KIR and studies with blocking anti-KIR3DL1 antibody. Interaction with KIR3DL1 was generalizable to donors lacking the HLA-B*57:01 genotype or HSV seropositivity. These findings suggest a mechanism for the recognition of HSV infection by NK cells or KIR-expressing T cells via KIR3DL1.
Identification of Potential mRNA Biomarkers in Milk Small Extracellular Vesicles of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis Cattle
Authors: Hiraoka Mami , Takashima Shigeo , Wakihara Yoshiko , Kamatari Yuji O. , Shimizu Kaori , Okada Ayaka , Inoshima Yasuo
Published: May 2022

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a disease caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV); only a small percentage of BLV-infected cattle develop EBL and present with B-cell lymphosarcoma. There is no vaccine against BLV, treatment for EBL, or method for predicting the possibility of EBL onset, thus making EBL control difficult. Herein, to explore biomarkers for EBL in milk, we examined the mRNA profiles of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in milk from four BLV-uninfected and four EBL cattle by microarray analysis. It was revealed that 14 mRNAs were encapsulated in significantly higher quantities, and these mRNAs were therefore selected as biomarker candidates. Primers for these mRNAs were designed, and nine primer sets were available for quantitative real-time PCR. Nine mRNAs were evaluated for their availability as biomarkers for EBL using sEVs from newly-collected milk of 7 uninfected and 10 EBL cattle. The quantities of eight mRNAs (TMEM156, SRGN, CXCL8, DEFB4A, FABP5, LAPTM5, LGALS1, and VIM) were significantly higher in milk sEVs of EBL cattle than in those of uninfected cattle. Therefore, our findings indicate that these eight mRNAs in milk sEVs can be used as potential EBL biomarkers with combination use, although single mRNA use is not enough. Consequently, cattle at risk of EBL onset can be identified by monitoring the fluctuation in quantities of these mRNAs in milk before they develop EBL.
Molecular Characterization of Outer Capsid Proteins VP5 and VP7 of Grass Carp Reovirus
Authors: Zhang Fuxian , Sun Diangang , Fang Qin
Published: May 2022

Aquareovirus, which is a member of the Reoviridae family, was isolated from aquatic animals. A close molecular evolutionary relationship between aquareoviruses and mammalian orthoreoviruses was revealed. However, the functions of the aquareovirus genome-encoded proteins are poorly understood. We investigated the molecular characteristics of the outer capsid proteins, namely, VP5 and VP7, of grass carp reovirus (GCRV). The peptides VP5 and VP7 were determined using in-gel tryptic digestion and mass spectrometry. Recovered peptides represented 76% and 66% of the full-length VP5 and VP7 sequences, respectively. Significantly, two-lysine acetylation, as well as two-serine and two-threonine phosphorylation modifications, were first revealed in VP5. We found that the initial amino acid in VP5 was Pro43, suggesting that a lower amount of VP5 remained uncleaved in virions at the autocleavage site (Asn42-Pro43). Further biochemical evidence showed that the cleaved VP5N/VP5C conformation was the major constituent of the particles. Moreover, early cleavage fragments of VP7 and enhanced infectivity were detected after limited tryptic digestion of GCRV, indicating that stepwise VP7 cleavage is essential for VP5 conformational rearrangement. Our results provide insights into the roles of posttranslational modifications in VP5 and its association with VP7 in the viral life cycle.
Comparing Expert and Local Community Perspectives on Flood Management in the Lower Mono River Catchment, Togo and Benin
Authors: Parkoo Essi Nadège , Thiam Sophie , Adjonou Kossi , Kokou Kouami , Verleysdonk Sarah , Adounkpe Julien G. , Villamor Grace B.
Published: May 2022

Recurrent floods have become a major problem in the transboundary Lower Mono River catchment of Togo and Benin, causing more damage and loss of life than any other disaster in the area. The level of understanding about floods and their management can be as diverse as the groups within the communities and thus can present a variety of perspectives. People tend to perceive flood risk and management differently due to their proximity to flood-prone areas and their level of vulnerability as well as their capacity to adapt. Therefore, this study explores the specific perspectives of local communities and experts on floods in the transboundary Mono catchment, which can help to inform better adaptation strategies according to the contexts of each community. We conducted series of focus groups discussions (FGDs) using the Actors, Resources, Dynamics, and Interactions (ARDI) framework to develop mental models of flood management. This approach allowed us to identify the causes and impact of flooding in the area, and to describe the actors and effects of flood events on the main natural resources as well as the dynamics and interactions that drive change and influence flood management in the study area. The results indicate that the perceptions of local communities and experts show both similarities and differences. These differences include (1) perceptions of relevant direct actors, (2) perceptions of resources at stake, and (3) actor-specific resource utilization. Considering these dissimilar views between expert and local community knowledge systems appears to be an important contributing factor to improving flood mitigation efforts in the catchment. Adapting risk communication and measures taken for flood management in accordance with the perceptions of affected communities could greatly increase success, with positive long-term effects for the involved institutions and communities regarding mutual trust-building.
Health-Aware Economic MPC for Operational Management of Flow-Based Networks Using Bayesian Networks
Authors: Pedrosa Javier , Puig Vicenç , Nejjari Fatiha
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a health-aware economic Model Predictive Control (EMPC) approach for the Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) of generalized flow-based networks. The proposed approach consists of the integration of the network reliability model obtained from a Bayesian network in the control model. The controller is then able to optimally manage the supply taking into consideration the distribution of the control effort, to extend the life of the actuators by delaying the network reliability decay as much as possible. It also considers an optimal inventory replenishment policy based on a desired risk acceptability level, leading to the availability of safety stocks for unexpected excess demand in networks. The proposed implementation is illustrated with a real case study corresponding to an aggregate model of the Drinking Water transport Network (DWN) of Barcelona.
GIS- and ICPR-Based Approach to Sustainable Urban Drainage Practices: Case Study of a Development Site in Florida
Authors: Schroeder Daniel W. , Tsegaye Seneshaw , Singleton Thomas L. , Albrecht Kevin K.
Published: May 2022

Stormwater control is an urgent concern in cities where the increased impervious surface has disrupted natural hydrology, particularly causing a reduction in groundwater recharge which is the source of potable water supply for many communities. Water managers are increasingly turning towards infiltration-based stormwater management options (ISMOs) to help minimize flooding and mitigate the impact of urbanization on the local hydrologic systems. This paper offers a unique hydrologic and hydraulic (H&H) modeling approach using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and Interconnected Pond and Channel Routing (ICPR) software to help quantify the associated flood stage and groundwater recharge benefits of using ISMOs. The proposed approach incorporated ICPR percolation links and utilization of the curve number and Green-Ampt infiltration methods into the case study design, as well as an analysis of the effectiveness of including low-impact development practices. This analysis shows a 13–36% reduction in stormwater volume leaving the proposed site when percolation links were utilized to account for percolation from the proposed ISMOs. These reduction provides an indirect estimate of groundwater recharge benefits. The conversion from impervious parking to a pervious one and inclusion of rainwater harvesting from the roof area resulted in a further reduction in peak stages ranging from 1.20 to 7.62 cm.
MOLIÈRE’S COMÉDIE-BALLET “LES FÂCHEUX” AS THE BEGINNING OF A NEW MUSICAL AND THEATRICAL GENRE
Authors: Chepalov Oleksandr
Published: May 2022

Against the background of contemporary artists’ interest in the cultural heritage of past ages, today we can observe an experimental combination of works by Lully, Rameau, baroque music of Henry Purcell, who was Molière’s contemporary, with elements of modern choreography (P. Bausch, T. Brown, M. Morris, L. Scozzi, D. Hervieu, B. Massin and others). Such productions by leading choreographers of the XX–XXI centuries actualize a certain reassessment of the artistic consequences of the “Sun King” era. Present scientific research purpose is to refute the theory of “temporality” of the existence of the comédie-ballet genre as well as the lack of prospects for using the principles of this genre outside the cultural boundaries of the Louis XIV age. After all, even such a well-known modern expert of this historical epoch as Philippe Beaussant is skeptical about the possibility of further successful development of this genre. Probably because apart from Moliere, none of the modern authors at the court of Louis XIV had either a certain flair or relevant experience (Beaussant, 2002: 148). Present scientific paper relevance lies in the fact that in Ukrainianlanguage scientific literature the issue of the significance of comédiesballets in the evolution of the world dramatic and choreographic arts is considered from the modern point of view for the first time. Along with the methods of analysis, comparison, generalization and systematization of information presented in the world scientific literature on Moliere’s work, historical and biographical approaches were used in the research process. The results of the research confirm the thesis of the leading theater critics of the Soviet era, O. Gvozdev (2008: 180), that the opera and dance elements of ‘ballet de cour’ are noticeably transformed in Molière’s comédies-ballets, and, what’s most important, they are dramatized under the influence of comedy story-line. It is summarized that “Les Fâcheux” continues the line of development of French ‘ballet de cour’, but the combination of its components in the artistic integrity on the basis of comedic plot has become a new original phenomenon. The desire to add logic to the ballet action led to the fact that in the circumstances of comedic action, the dance developed in the plot direction, often turning into a pantomime, involving an element of acting. In turn, under the influence of buffoonery and dance element, the tempo of the play becomes more revived, there is a rhythm and a certain “musicalization” of theatrical action, paving the way for the reform of French ballet, which was later carried out by Noverr under the direct influence of Beaumarchais and Gluck.
INTROSPECTION AS A SIGN OF LYRICALLY-DRAMATIC GENRE TYPE IN E. ELGAR’S VIOLIN CONCERTO
Authors: Lysychka Oleksandr
Published: May 2022

Statement of the problem. Edward Elgar’s instrumental concertos occupy the special place in European music. Most of the violin concertos of Romantic composers were written before E. Elgar created his own (1910); the concertos by J. Sibelius (1904) and M. Reger (1908) are closest to this work in time, and Elgar’s Concerto almost coincides with the chronology of K. Nielsen’s Violin Concerto (1911), which has already been, however, significantly influenced by neoclassical aesthetics. In five years, K. Szymanowski’s First Violin Concerto (1916) will appear, rejecting the romantic way of expression, and later a new “era” in the development of this genre will begin. Elgar’s Violin Concerto (1910), the first of his two instrumental concerts, is another step of the composer on the way to mastering various musical genres, the accumulation of new creative ideas. In a number of parameters, the work is closer to the First Symphony, becoming almost a doppelganger of it but with a solo violin, an instrument played by the composer himself. Thus, the study of the Concerto is relevant, at least, in three aspects: in the analysis of the creative evolution of the composer, for understanding his attitude to the concert genre, and for revealing the meaning of the composer’s self-expression. Consideration of the work in the aspect of the latter – identifying features of introspection in the music of the Violin Concerto as part of its genre structure – is the purpose of this study, which is the first attempt of its kind. Conclusions. Elgar’s Violin concerto follows the tradition of lyricallydramatic type of symphonism, which the composer employed in his First symphony written shortly before the Concerto. It can be seen both in thematically-intonational content and in special features of dramaturgy and composition (“throughout” themes, large duration, conflict dramaturgy). The genre of instrumental concerto suggests additional dimension of the work, relation between solo and orchestral parts, and in this case the composer maintains a balance in such things as distribution of themes and their development and interpretation of soloist’s part. The introspective character of the Violin concerto is most obvious in its Cadenza – the most significant episode for this genre – due to its significant length, the lyrical way of expression, reminiscences and derivative themes, the rejection of a clear metrorhythmic organization that allows the perception of Cadenza as a stop in time for lyrical reflection. Other aspects of introspectiveness include the predominance of lyrical themes, a large number of fragments with quiet dynamics and the genre’s predicted concentration of attention on the soloist, although the composer retains balance between solo and orchestral parts.
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION J. BRAHMS’ COMPOSITIONAL TECHNIQUE IN PIANO QUINTET IN F MINOR OP. 34
Authors: Startsev Dmytro
Published: May 2022

Under analysis is the issue of notation functioning as a sign system in the process of fixing a musical work, which is relevant in modern musicology. Scientific publications outline various aspects of musical semiotics, but do not highlight the relationship between the specifics of compositional techniques and ways of its rendering. Graphic signs are studied in the proposed article from the standpoint of this relationship which determines the scientific novelty of the results. The purpose of the research is to reveal the ways of graphic representation of the composer’s technique in the musical text on the example of J. Brahms’ Piano Quintet in F minor Op. 34 using semiotic and structural-functional methods of analysis. Results of research. In order to conduct this research, analysis of graphical representation of compositional devices in J. Brahms’ musical text has been done. His characteristic traits of writing include highly developed motivic technique. The composer finds new variants of musical units without changes of their rhythmical parameters or inner interval relations. In works by J. Brahms, variation presupposes such operations on motives, in which the composer changes either their articulation or temporal parameters as a result of shifting musical units in regard to the metric “grid” of the bar. Hence, there have been revealed new functions of the musical notation which becomes an important tool to fix and stabilize the musical work. Conclusions. As the composer fixes his musical intentions, formation of individual graphic sign system occurs; it is based on traditional notation but is marked by different functional and logical connections according to author’s intentions. As a result of this, various slurs, accents, “hairpins”, dynamic marks and their succession become one of the ways, in which composer’s thought acquires graphic representation. The specifics of graphic signs functioning in J. Brahms’ music requires their analysis as semiotic objects and understanding of the rules by which they can be deciphered. These rules cause relations between sign-bearers and their interpretants. Slur with its primal meaning of legato, placed in a new context, becomes a marker of motivic structure. Further joining of the slur with the “hairpin” allows indicating the principal tone, “emphasis” in a motive which influences its articulation. Thus, a circle of interpretants occurring in certain contexts expands.
COMIC GENRES IN LEONID LISOVSKY’S CHAMBER AND VOCAL WORKS: STYLISTIC ASPECT
Authors: Drobysh Anna
Published: May 2022

Statement of the problem. Leonid Lisovsky (1866–1934) is the Ukrainian and Russian composer, conductor, pianist, ensemble player, teacher, music critic, editor of musical works, translator, musicologist. He is the author of over 300 works in various genres, among which an important place belongs to compositions of comic genre. L. Lisovsky was very well known in his lifetime, but later he was completely forgotten. The relevance and scientific novelty of the research is determined by the necessity to study the person and creative heritage of the famous artist. The purpose of the offered research is to reveal the ways of creation of comic musical characters in L. Lisovsky’s chamber-vocal compositions and to identify stylistic peculiarities of this works. Cultural-historical, theoretical, musical-analytical, structural and systematic research methods were used when the history of Lisovsky’s chamber-vocal compositions were studying, the key principles of comic in music were identifying, the works of the composer were analyzing and their genre and style features were revealing. The results of the researches by O. Solomonova, B. Borodin, O. Freidenberg, I. Gendler on issues of the laugh culture and I. Gorbunova who viewed the comic genres in Ukrainian music were used as methodological basis for our study. Works by I. Trofimov and others are used for contextual analysis, as well as the studies of S. Koltysheva, M. Rzhevska and A. Litvinenko, where the person of L. Lisovsky presented in the biographical aspect. Results of the research. Based on abovementioned scientific sources, the principles of embodiment of the comic by the ways of musical art were highlighted. Some chamber and vocal works by L. Lisovsky were analyzed, such as the Suite for baritone and bass cantando “At the Bailif’s Gate” (words by O. Tolstoy), comic Romance for tenor and baritone “TheCuckoo and the Rooster” (words by I. Krylov), the fable “Woman” (words by K. Kropyva) and the vocal cycle “Four jokes by Alexander Pushkin”. The peculiarities of the composer’s reading the literary stories were disclosed. L. Lisovsky’s enthusiasm for satirical poetic texts in the works of the early period and especially in the 1920s were revealed. Conclusions. L. Lisovsky’s turn to the comic chamber vocal works becomes his response on the social and economic hardships and promotes to regeneration of his creative forces in the important periods of his life. For implementation of the comic poetic texts by musical resources L. Lisovsky uses the genre mixes. The comic imaginative and emotional spectrum in chamber and vocal music lengths from good humor to bitter satire. The composer uses romantic, late romantic and impressionistic stylistic peculiarities to create musical characteristics.