bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The substantial role of May soil temperature over Central Asia for summer surface air temperature variation and prediction over Northeastern China
Authors: Yang Zhanmei , Zhang Jingyong , Liu Ye , Li Kai
Published: May 2022

The slowly varying soil temperature can exert local and nonlocal influences on regional climate system, and may thus provide a critical source of subseasonal-to-seasonal climate prediction. In this study, we identify that soil temperature in May over the key region of Central Asia (42 °N–50 °N, 62 °E–80 °E, KRCA) from Noah, Mosaic, CLM and ERA-interim datasets is closely linked to variations of the surface air temperature, daily maximum temperature and hot days over Northeastern China in summer (June-July-August), with correlation coefficients of regional average detrended time series ranging from 0.42 to 0.54, and all significant at the 99% confidence level for the period of 1979–2018. The possible physical mechanism behind the substantial downstream impacts of soil temperature over Central Asia are explored via diagnostical analysis combined with regional climate model experiments. Warmer soil temperature in May over the KRCA can keep to the summer and cause positive anomalies of geopotential height in summer over Northeastern China through the Rossby wave propagation, and associated stronger subsidence warming, less cloud cover, more solar radiation reaching the surface, higher planetary boundary layer, and stronger thermal advection at 850 hPa, which provide favorable conditions for warmer surface air temperature particularly in the daytime as well as more hot days. This study further reveals that soil temperature over Central Asia in May makes important contribution to prediction of summer surface air temperature, daily maximum temperature and hot days over Northeastern China in terms of regional average time series and spatial patterns. Our findings highlight the previously-unknown substantial role of antecedent soil temperature condition over Central Asia for summer surface air temperature variation and prediction over Northeastern China.
EU — China trade cooperation in the context of the BRI: Analysis and perspectives on different examples of the EU countries
Authors:   University of Economics in Bratislava, Kašťáková Elena , Luptáková Anabela ,   University of Economics in Bratislava, Družbacká Barbora ,   University of Economics in Bratislava
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to examine the EU’s foreign trade relations with China following the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), assess trade intensity developments and identify the export potential of China’s largest trading partners in the EU. We established two hypotheses:1) in the context of the BRI, the intensity of Chinese trade to the EU was higher than the intensity of EU trade to China during the period considered; 2) the export potential of the EU’s most important partners to China in 2019 focused on higher value-added commodities in the context of the BRI. We used the trade intensity index to confirm hypothese 1. In the case of hypothese 2, the export potential indicator was used to identify products that have good prospects for further export. The EU is China’s largest trading partner with a growing trend in mutual trade. An examination of trade intensity has shown that trade flows between countries have been lower than expected given the position of economies in the world economy. German exporters recorded the highest activity, but the Netherlands recorded the highest intensity of Chinese exports to the EU. Coetaneous, we can say that Germany, France, Italy, and the Netherlands had the untapped export potential to China, which mainly concerned motor vehicles and parts, machinery, and pharmaceutical components. The BRI can be seen as a slightly positive impact on the development of trade and investment cooperation between the EU and China
Crowdsourcing as a new driver of the digital economy and a tool for harmonizing the interests of participants
Authors:   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Safiullin Marat , Burganov Rafis ,   Volga State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism, Burganova Aliia ,   Volga State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism
Published: May 2022

This study develops and complements the theoretical provisions of the scientific direction in which crowdsourcing is considered as a “tool for solving complex problems” in terms of understanding the processes of community formation based on interests and values. The hypothesis of the study — understanding the nature of the processes of harmonization, complementarity and cooperation of individual interests with social values allows us to explain the forms and nature of the formation and development of communities and, accordingly, the specifics of crowdsourcing processes occurring in them. The object of the study is the peculiarities of the formation and development of communities in the digital economy. The subject is new relations and communications in the digital economy that arise among economic entities in the process of creating and evolving communities and crowdsourcing. The first section presents the evolution of the definition and content of the phenomenon of “crowdsourcing” in order to understand the nature of this new phenomenon and the most important components of its development; the second section analyzes the essential characteristics of the basic economic category “interest” as the basis for the emergence and development of crowdsourcing, which made it possible to cluster interests, understand how they combine (conflict), develop motivation and form values, determining the nature and form of crowdsourcing communication; in the third section, on the basis of synthesis, the author’s model of the process of harmonization of interests, value crystallization, community formation and the emergence of crowdsourcing is developed, which allows us to consider crowdsourcing through the management paradigm and propose approaches to optimize these processes; in the fourth section, conceptual recommendations for applying the proposed model in practice are presented. The scope of application of the results is the development of economic science and understanding of new tools for its evolution, increasing “inclusion” (“involvement”) in economic development through crowdsourcing, the implementation of key projects in public policy.
Representing the social through language: Theory and practice of sociolinguistics and discourse analysis
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Molodychenko Evgeni N. , Chernyavskaya Valeria E. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: May 2022

The article reviews research traditions and new findings pertaining to the issue of ‘language in society’ over the period from circa 2005 to 2020. Specifically, we discuss some of the tenets and analytical toolkits of American and Western European traditions of sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology, as well as the strands of discourse analysis that integrate the former and/or the latter into their theoretical framework. Such contemporary schools of thought are represented, among others, by Michael Silverstein, Penelope Eckert, and Asif Agha in the USA, by Mary Bucholtz, Kira Hall, and Nikolas Coupland in the UK, by Jan Blommaert in the Netherlands, and by Jürgen Spitzmüller and Barbara Soukup in Austria. The topics and concepts discussed in the article include social indexicality of linguistic signs, enacting social relations between speakers, ethno-metapragmatics, and (social) styles. We begin with an overview of the ‘third wave’ of sociolinguistics, which has been focused on exploring linguistic variation as a medium used by individuals or groups for evoking or (re)constructing the ‘social world’. It is discussed how sociality is being enacted by individuals, how semiotic ties are set between a linguistic sign and social value, how persistent social attribution is created, and how all these phenomena can be explored through analysis of indexical tokens and types. Indexicality is seen here as the capacity of a (linguistic) sign to ‘point to’ a variable of the context of its usage. Social indexicality is thus seen as evoking such social value as forms of identity and communicative roles and social relations drawing on these forms. An overview of the history of sociolinguistics also serves to illustrate the transformation of views on agentivity, identity, and linguistic/semiotic objects: from the static view of identity as predefined by the social structure and (passively) projected through various semiotic media, including language, to a more perforative contemporary view of identity as (creatively) stylized in social encounters. It is further contended that a crucial prerequisite for such stylization is the malleability and mutability of social/indexical meanings, with so-called ethno-metapragmatics — reflexive activity targeting said meanings and signs carrying them — being the process driving the change. Finally, we show how these theories and methods can be traced to ideas expressed by Russian/ Soviet scholars of early and mid twentieth century.
Three types of negation in Russian (on the example of A.V.Druzhinin’s texts)
Authors:   Komsomolsk-on-Amur State University, Shuneyko Alexander A. , Chibisova Olga V. ,   Komsomolsk-on-Amur State University
Published: May 2022

The study is aimed at identifying the formal, substantive, and functional characteristics of negation-ambivalence, thereby expanding the traditional concept of negation. To achieve this goal, methods of semantic and functional analysis were used: within their framework, a matrix was developed for comparing various types of negations. As a result of using this matrix on the material of A. V. Druzhinin’s texts, the following conclusions were drawn. Negation-ambivalence differs from standard negation and oxymoron in the way it reflects reality conveyed by semantics and the number of components involved in communication. It can be argued that there are four communicative reasons for using negation-ambivalence in texts: collisions of different points of view on one object; the multidimensionality of the object itself; the complexity of the description; and speech reasons associated with the level of linguistic competence of the speaker. Negation-ambivalence is always associated with situations of choice. It can also be assumed that it is a marker of boundary states. This research can lead to a local change in scholarly thinking and the practice of perceiving linguistic communicative forms. Using negation-ambivalence as a text analysis tool allows streamlining many cases, the status of which researchers argue to this day.The study is aimed at identifying the formal, substantive, and functional characteristics of negation-ambivalence, thereby expanding the traditional concept of negation. To achieve this goal, methods of semantic and functional analysis were used: within their framework, a matrix was developed for comparing various types of negations. As a result of using this matrix on the material of A. V. Druzhinin’s texts, the following conclusions were drawn. Negation-ambivalence differs from standard negation and oxymoron in the way it reflects reality conveyed by semantics and the number of components involved in communication. It can be argued that there are four communicative reasons for using negation-ambivalence in texts: collisions of different points of view on one object; the multidimensionality of the object itself; the complexity of the description; and speech reasons associated with the level of linguistic competence of the speaker. Negation-ambivalence is always associated with situations of choice. It can also be assumed that it is a marker of boundary states. This research can lead to a local change in scholarly thinking and the practice of perceiving linguistic communicative forms. Using negation-ambivalence as a text analysis tool allows streamlining many cases, the status of which researchers argue to this day.
The spectator’s anxiety in film narrative: Notes on films by Bertrand Bonello
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Davydova Olga S. , Muravieva Larisa E. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: May 2022

The representation of emotions and affects in cinematic narrative can participate in the construction of narration in the same way as the representation of events. Anxiety as one of the “expectant emotions” (E. Bloch) is of particular interest in this regard. By anxiety in the narrative, we mean any zone of uncertainty associated both with the field of the narrator or participant in the world of history, and with the field of the viewer. It is interesting in this regard to consider cases when anxiety ceases to be related to a specific character and is created at the intersection of the event-receptive field, referring to the entire structure of the narrative and thereby causing anxiety in the viewer. Films directed by Bertrand Bonello, regarded as an example of a special type of sensuality in contemporary French cinema, find themselves involved in the construction of this particular type of anxiety. By destabilizing the narrative, depriving the viewer of the familiar landmarks during the unfolding of the story, Bonello in every film refuses to provide the viewer with a habitually safe “place,” as happens in classic Hollywood cinema. Instead, films provoke a state of gripping, affective engagement, which arises, among other things, in a situation of failure of the usual strategies of narrative perception. This article attempts to describe the narrative strategies in three films by B. Bonello (“L’Apollonide: Souvenirs de la maison close” / “House of Tolerance”, 2011, “Saint Laurent”, 2014, and “Nocturama”, 2016), provoking “viewer’s anxiety” and also consider the mechanism of this anxiety, which is closely related to the experience of experiencing pain.
Analysis of a probabilistic approach for modelling and assessment of the water quality of rivers
Authors: Brum Marianne , Fan Fernando M. , Salla Marcio R. , von Sperling Marcos
Published: May 2022

Monitoring the ecological status of water bodies is crucial to guarantee human health and economic development. However, monitoring is often deficient in developing regions due to high installation and maintenance costs, thus it is frequently supported by water quality models, whose results are themselves affected by the lack of detailed input data. A possible solution is to use probabilistic models that consider the inherent uncertainty of the different inputs. In this research, we extended a simple water quality model (QUAL-UFMG, based on Qual2E) through Monte Carlo simulations to generate probabilistic results and applied it to a representative case study in Brazil. Results showed that, depending on the distribution of probabilities and variability of parameters adopted, the outcome of a non-deterministic modelling approach may differ significantly from a deterministic one regarding compliance with water quality standards. Moreover, the probabilistic strategy is more scientifically transparent and robust, as it explicitly communicates the uncertainty in both the measured data and modelling results. We conclude that a probabilistic approach is particularly useful in regions with a low data availability such as developing countries, as uncertainties are high due to insufficient monitoring, and the risk to human health is elevated due to a low prevalence of sanitation.

HIGHLIGHTS A deterministic water quality model is expanded through Monte Carlo simulations. Outcomes of deterministic and probabilistic approaches to water quality modelling are compared for a case study in Brazil. There may be significant differences in modelling results regarding compliance to water quality standards depending on the approach taken; this is key in data scarce regions with deficient monitoring networks.
Tempo das Cat´ástrofes
Authors: Medeiros Lucas Fortunato Rêgo de
Published: May 2022

Resenha do livro "No tempos das catástrofes: Resistir à barbárie que se aproxima" de Isabelle Stengers.
Dos Estudos Feministas as Experiencias Trans
Authors: Pinheiro Tarcisio Dunga
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo objetiva discutir, a partir dos estudos de gênero e sexualidade, os principais aportes e contribuições que impulsionaram o surgimento das categorias ‘travesti’ e “transexual” da maneira que estas são concebidas no Brasil. Para isso, serão apontadas e problematizadas as características basilares que as identidades coletivas do século XX fizeram eclodir na academia e nos movimentos sociais e políticos, dentre as quais se destacam o movimento feminista, o levante de Stonewall e as políticas públicas calcadas nas campanhas de prevenção a AIDS. Por fim, serão elencadas as singularidades que permeiam as travestilidades e transexualidades e suas intersecções com as demais (trans)categorias.
Dificuldades de Aprendizagem depreendidas de Questões de Filosofia e de Sociologia do ENEM/2014
Authors: Batista Ozaias Antônio , Genilda M. Cardoso Maria , Beltran Núñez Isauro
Published: May 2022

O artigo objetiva refletir acerca das dificuldades de aprendizagem depreendidas de algumas questões de Filosofia e Sociologia retiradas do ENEM/2014. A metodologia utilizada neste estudo é de natureza quali-quantitativa, considerando as questões selecionadas, o referencial teórico sobre erro e dificuldade de aprendizagem bem como os dados extraídos da página do INEP – os quais apontam o índice de desempenho dos candidatos nas referidas questões. Os erros analisados estão associados, hipoteticamente, às dificuldades de aprendizagem em interpretação textual, identificação e contextualização de conceitos sociológicos e filosóficos. Em suma, é necessário que os/as professores/as de Sociologia e Filosofia pensem alternativas didático-pedagógicas capazes de viabilizar uma aprendizagem significativa para os/as estudantes do Ensino Médio, de modo que as questões do ENEM podem ser utilizadas nesse intento.
Repensar a Luta contra a Pobreza
Authors: Dallmann João Matheus A.
Published: May 2022

Cerca de 9,5 milhões de pessoas atualmente no Brasil vivem com menos de um dólar ao dia. Ainda que tenhamos tido um grande avanço na assistência social brasileira, a erradicação da pobreza e da extrema pobreza parece um lugar distante no horizonte.Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a eficácia da luta contra a pobreza e, se de alguma maneira, seu fracasso não está localizado nas próprias concepções teóricas que encarna. Se tais concepções fracassam, na prática cotidiana elas podem sofrer anomalias que causam ainda mais danos no enfrentamento à pobreza. Em outras palavras, a hipótese é que ao partir de uma perspectiva monetarista os programas sociais das últimas décadas acabam por não enfrentar empecilhos culturais muito específicos do trabalho na assistência social. Assim, não fazemos a pergunta “Como erradicar a pobreza?”, mas a pergunta: “Quais os significados de pobreza e desigualdades sociais para docentes, funcionários públicos, gestores de políticas sociais?”.
Construção do Discurso Agênero por Marcas Brasileiras de Moda em suas Comunicações Digitais
Authors: Teixeira Filho Clóvis , Aloisio Vieira Marcus Vinicius
Published: May 2022

A relevância econômica do mercado de moda, operando o capitalismo da cultura, assim como sua influência para a construção social do gênero contribuem para a análise de formatos industriais, embasados por matrizes culturais, que influenciam a relação sujeito-sociedade. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar criticamente a estética adotada e as representações de gênero na comunicação digital de marcas que possuem posicionamento agênero no mercado de moda brasileiro. Para isso, três marcas declaradas agênero formaram o corpus de uma análise de discurso sob a ótica foucaultiana que evidenciou o reforço de discursos com a formação de novas zonas de diferenciação, mas com repetições que ainda sustentam a hierarquia da masculinidade.
Capas da Cronos
Authors: Lopes Junior Orivaldo Pimentel
Published: May 2022

Com a palavra, o organizador!
Queima Babylon
Authors: Danielli Adélia
Published: May 2022

Poesia
cada LGBTI+ o seu livro?
Authors: Martins Carlos Wellington Soares
Published: May 2022

Este ensaio traz como temática principal a questão LGBTI+ e como as pautas desta população são incorporadas, ou não, no fazer laboral da Biblioteconomia. Objetiva realizar uma análise com vistas a perceber se existem aproximações, distanciamentos ou estremecimentos das demandas LGBTI+ com o campo de atuação de profissional da referida área. É apresentado um recorte histórico das lutas sociais por demandas da população LGBTI+ e como se dá esta tensão na Biblioteconomia de ontem e de hoje.  Realizou-se extensa pesquisa bibliográfica acerca do tema e com foco nas categorias principais de análise: Identidade de gênero e sexualidade, procedendo com a revisão de literatura. A abordagem analítica assume caráter qualitativo e a pesquisa classifica-se como explicativa no sentido que visa apreender o fenômeno e discutir os principais determinantes que o fazem se apresentar da forma como se encontra atualmente. Conclui-se que para uma área que se pretende de cunho humanístico um grande caminho precisa ser percorrido para a quebra de estereótipos e práticas que fomentam o preconceito, e banir ideologias opressoras e que fomentam o ódio e a discriminação, para tanto é necessário estimular o debate cada vez mais, insistir na discussão, alterar os projetos políticos pedagógicos com inclusão de temáticas voltadas às minorias políticas e sociais, investir na formação do profissional para esclarecimentos e fomento a uma prática voltada a pluralidade e diversidade.
MICROECOTEOLOGÍA EN LA ECOLOGÍA INTEGRAL
Authors:   Universidad Católica de Santa Fe, Argentina, Bonet Ana María
Published: May 2022

Este trabajo se propone recuperar el concepto de microbiopolítica para ofrecer un giro ecológico del término micro- o nano-teología a partir del enfoque de la ecología integral. Se postula una reactualización ecológica de la nano- o microteología, es decir de la teología de lo pequeño, como vía de acceso a lo divino, en lo ordinario. La propuesta de la ecología integral acerca de una sobriedad responsable como estilo de vida, puede contribuir a la recuperación de los vínculos de sororo-fraternidad entre todas las criaturas que habitan la Casa Común, a través de la reivindicación de lo sencillo, lo pequeño, lo humilde - tanto humano, como no humano - que subyace a esta sobriedad.
Apoptosis-inducing Metabolite from Marine Mangrove Actinobacteria VITGAP173
Authors: Gomathi Ajitha , Alagumuthu Manikandan , Sai Pavan K.J.G. , Madhyastha Harishkumar , Jayaraj Rama , Muthukailannan Gothandam K.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Marine actinobacteria have proven to be a remarkable source of bioactive metabolites.

Methods:

The present study focused on the isolation of anticancer metabolites from marine actinobacteria.
Streptomyces sp. VITGAP173 was found to have promising anticancer activity against breast cancer cell lines
(MCF-7).

Results:

Bioassay-guided fractionation was followed to identify the bioactive metabolites from crude ethyl acetate
extract of VITGAP173, which yielded four fractions. Fraction B exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity against MCF-7
cell lines among the four fractions. Further structural characterization of the fraction was done by FTIR and NMR
spectroscopy. The fraction-2 induced cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell lines and the half maximal inhibition (IC50) value
was calculated as 4.7 μg/ml. To elucidate the possible mechanism of cell death, MCF-7 cells were treated with
fraction-2 for 24 hours and the morphological changes were examined using acridine orange – ethidium bromide
(AO/EB) staining. The fraction also increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (Flow cytometry, DCFHDA).
The molecular mechanism of fraction-induced cell death was analysed by real-time PCR, which revealed that the
fraction promotes apoptosis through the CHOP-ATF-4 pathway involved in ER stress signalling.

Conclusion:

The present findings suggested the apoptosis-inducing potential of fraction-2 in breast cancer therapy.
Nanocrystals: A Deep Insight into Formulation Aspects, Stabilization
Strategies, and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Pandey Parijat , Purohit Deepika , Sharma Shivkant , Lamba Avneet Kaur , Saini Sapna , Minocha Neha , Vashist Neelam , Kaushik Dhirender
Published: May 2022

Background:

Drugs with poor solubility exhibit hurdles in their formulation due to poor
dissolution and low bioavailability. Nanocrystallization is a great technique for incorporating poorly
soluble drugs and is associated with many benefits.

Objective:

The objective of the present review is to discuss formulation techniques for the generation
of Nanocrystals (NCs) and illustrate the various advantages of NCs. It also explains commonly used
stabilizers and guidelines for their safe use for enhancing NCs and provides a deep insight into various
biomedical applications of NCs.

Methods:

The review was extracted from the study carried out in the general literature to emphasize
the importance of NCs in various formulations.

Results:

NCs are a widely accepted approach to enhancing drug solubility. There are so many marketed
products of nanocrystal drug formulations that are being used to treat life-threatening disorders.
Two techniques can be used to formulate NCs, i.e., the bottom-up method and the top-down method.
Their main biomedical applications are found in oral, parenteral, pulmonary, ocular, dermal, and mucosal
formulations.

Conclusion:

In the present review, different formulation methods of NCs have been discussed in detail,
followed by explaining the advantages and various targeted drug delivery systems covered by NCs
formulations. The development of NCs-based formulation avoids the limitations of other systems used
for targeted drug delivery.
Novel and Innovative Approach of Nanotechnology with their Applications
in the Management of Infectious Disease, Tuberculosis: An Overview
Authors: Singh Sonia , Ahuja Ashima
Published: May 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) is considered a significant health problem caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
It is one of the second-deadly infectious diseases right after AIDS. Several factors such as
poor patient compliance, high dose intake, low drug bioavailability and prolonged treatment of disease
are responsible for the prevalence of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant
tuberculosis cases. Therefore, developing such drug-resistant bacterial strains has created a robust and
efficient system that can improve the therapeutic effectiveness of anti-tubercular drugs. This review
manuscript highlights the therapeutic outcomes of a nanotechnology-based drug delivery system in
treating TB. Various novel nanoformulations for anti-mycobacterial drugs have been explored. Such
novel approaches would have shown several advantages such as sustained/controlled drug release, reduced
dose frequency, and resolved poor patient compliance over many free anti-tubercular drugs. This
framework will provide valuable information on various nanoparticle-based technology employed in
treating TB infectious disease. Patent data were searched in google patent and nanoformulations outcomes
for TB management improves health of patients.
Tinospora cordifolia: A New Perspective on Alzheimer’s Disease and Green
Nanotechnology
Authors: Kothari Charmy S. , Bhalodi Krishna
Published: May 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common cause of dementia; the hallmark includes neuronal death and synaptic loss leading to cognitive decline. Up to date, there have been a vast number of preclinical & clinical trials based on natural compounds that play a crucial role in the prevention of AD. Tinospora cordifolia (Tc) is a medicinal plant with numerous bioactive properties used in Indian medicine. The literature study will scrutinized based on the disease-modifying effects of Tinospora cordifolia. It benefits the neurobiological researcher in understanding and researching the naturally occurring compound in combating AD. Furthermore, recent nanotechnology trends, such as green synthesis nanoparticles, have more potential in biomedical fields. Following that, the review draws attention to the Green synthesized nanoparticle of Tc, which has a wide range of applications.
Kaolinite-Cellulose based Nano–Composites and Applications
Authors: Manna M.S.
Published: May 2022

This chapter is intended to detail the properties of kaolinite-cellulose nano-composite, its preparation, characterization, and applications in various fields. The fields of applications cover the conventional areas of application like wastewater treatment, biomedical application, fuel cells as well as in advanced applications e.g. in the fields of packaging, flame retardant, printed electronics, etc. The brisk viewpoints on the challenges to fabricate nanostructured kaolinite, nanostructure cellulose, and their composite as well are discussed. The direction to tackle the said challenges and updates on the recently developed applications of kaolinite-cellulose nano-composites are discussed.
Halloysite-Chitosan based Nano-Composites and Applications
Authors: Santhosh G.
Published: May 2022

Chitosan is the most abundant and excellent natural polymer (PMR). The wider usage of chitosan is because of its antimicrobial, non-toxic, biocompatible and biodegradable nature. Chitosan is extracted from crustaceans and squids. Chitosan has been extensively studied in the field of wastewater treatment and biomedical applications. Halloysite nanotube (HNT) is a sort of aluminosilicate nano-clay, famous for their high aspect ratio and hallow configuration, HNT as a nano-filler for polymer matrix can be profitably utilized. HNT with the molecular formula, H4Al2O9Si2·2H2O have unique tubular structure make them suitable as nano-containers with the intention to store and adsorb with abundant –OH groups. The use of HNT can provide high mechanical strength, high thermal stability and bio-acceptability. With the incorporation of nanosized halloysites nanotubes into chitosan matrix generally leads to desired property enhancement along with the changes in the microstructure. Amongst the most likely available natural materials, the chitosan and halloysite are attractive ones because of their nontoxic and eco-friendly nature. The halloysite was extensively studied as a carrier material in many drug delivery systems, catalytic support, scaffold for tissue engineering and as a nanofiller for food packaging application. In this chapter, the application of chitosan and HNT in the real world are postulated in order to give insights for future studies.
Montmorillonite-Chitosan based Nano-Composites and Applications
Authors: Parhi R.
Published: May 2022

Chitosan is a biopolymer gaining widespread attention due to its astounding physicochemical characteristics and properties, including biocompatibility, mucoadhesive, biodegradability, low toxicity, and polycationic nature. Furthermore, chitosan can be processed to obtain different nanostructures such as nanoparticles, nano-vehicles, nanocapsules, scaffolds, etc. Montmorillonite (MMT) is a major constituent of bentonite clay, which has the ability to ameliorate the mechanical strength of polymers including chitosan when combined with it due to its layered structure. Bionanocomposite is a term used to describe composite materials which encompass component(s) with natural inception and the obtained particles with at the minimum one size ranging from 1 nm to 100 nm. Chitosan-based nanocomposite with MMT showed a proven record of wide applications in drug delivery, medical, biomedical, and pharmaceutical fields. This chapter provides an insight into the various characteristics and properties of chitosan and MMT, different methods to develop their composite, and various forms of the resulted composite along a thorough description of applications.
Montmorillonite-Starch based Nano-Composites and Applications
Authors: Barman M.K.
Published: May 2022

Biopolymer nanocomposites are the foremost valuable materials among the existing nanocomposites. Biopolymer nanocomposite compounds are biodegradable, eco-friendly and low in cost. Due to these properties, biopolymer nanocomposites can easily replace petroleum-based nanocomposite in various applications. Compared to pure polymer, clay-polymer nanocomposites exhibit favorable physical, chemical, and mechanical properties since they are dispersed at different sizes and contain improved size dispersion and size distribution. There are several biopolymers on earth, but starch is the most abundant. Moreover, its chemical and physical properties make it an important natural polymer.
Production, Properties and Applications of Materials-based Nano-Enzymes
Authors: Fadeyibi A.
Published: May 2022

Fungi and bacteria cause foodborne diseases and affect food security, which remains the main challenge of the global food industry. Nanomaterials-based enzyme (NMB) technologies play an important role in improving food security issues. This is possible since they can act quickly and efficiently on food substrates when used as biosensors to monitor and control the quality and shelf life of food. This chapter deals primarily with the applications of NMB in the food industry. The production, properties, and applications of nano-enzymes of carbon, zinc oxide, magnetite, copper, and some noble metals in the food industry were discussed. It was suggested that the material could mimic catalytic activities and compete with other naturally occurring enzymes, such as hydrolase and oxidoreductase in foods. It is hoped that this chapter will provide key insights into NMB technologies applied in the food industry.
Applications of Nanoparticles-based Enzymes in the Diagnosis of Diseases
Authors: Haider A.
Published: May 2022

Nanozymes (NSEs), which are efficient nanomaterials with enzyme-like appearances, have proved themselves highly-stable compared to the natural enzymes. They are also organized with the exclusive fundamental properties of nanomaterials such as luminescence and magnetism. Thus, in the biomedical field, their expansions demonstrate that their catalytic movements have opened up new applications as well as opportunities. Nanozymes are excellent in the informal mass production as well as long term storage. They are also helpful in the field of biomedical technology for the treatment of many diseases. They may incorporate various therapeutically effects in the anti-inflammatory, cytoprotecting, brain diseases and dental biofilms as well as in cardiovascular diseases. They have also performed as impartial therapeutics with other therapeutic approaches to increase antitumor effects. This chapter describes their fascinating applications in therapeutics the associated mechanism.
Drug Delivery using Nano-Material based Enzymes
Authors: Mujahid F.
Published: May 2022

From the last two decades the world has progressed enormously to upgrade the wellbeing of humans by revamping the disease diagnostic and treatment. To accomplish this task, the nano-biotechnology has significantly aided in the complete transformation of disease treatment. Nanomaterials have been of great interest for better drug delivery, due to their significant catalytic activities, feasibility, and reduced production cost. Moreover, the implementation of enzyme like properties, to increase better drug delivery has gained enormous attention. Modification of the nano-scaled materials to nanozymes and enzyme-responsive nanoparticles is considered as revolutionary concept in the field of theragnostic. This chapter elaborates the diversified range of nano-material based enzymes, their synthesis methods, modification strategies, and factors influencing the catalytic activity of these enzymes. Therapeutic applications of nano-material based enzymes and their limitations have also been discussed.
Assessment of the Sustainability of a Commercial Bank and Ways to Increase it
Authors:   Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Ilyukhina Marina V. , Cherkashnev Roman Yu. , Fedorova Alena Yu.
Published: May 2022

Relevance. Financial condition plays a key role in the functioning of a banking institution. It reflects the organization's ability to finance its ongoing operations and maintain solvency. In this connection, the assessment of the financial stability of the organization and the search for ways to strengthen it are the most important task of any commercial bank. The purpose of the presented study is to study the financial stability of a commercial bank, factors that have a direct impact on the stability of the finances of a banking institution, as well as to develop ways to improve the financial position. Objectives: to consider the concept of financial stability of the bank and its components; determine the factors influencing the formation of financial stability; study approaches to bank analysis; develop measures to improve financial stability. Methodology. In the course of the research, such general scientific methods as analysis and synthesis, classification, grouping were used, complex, methodological and systemic approaches to research were applied. Results. The concept of financial stability is highlighted and its indicators are considered, preliminary divided into four main groups, the problems of financial stability were identified, and the importance of solving the core problem, which to a greater extent affects the functioning of a commercial bank, is substantiated. The analysis of the studied literature contributed to the identification of the main factors that have a direct impact on the stability of the bank's finances. In the course of the work, approaches to assessing financial stability were identified, classified in accordance with various criteria. Much attention is paid to the type of financial stability of the organization and the search for ways to improve it, which is also reflected in this article. Conclusions. Subsequently, we compiled a matrix of actions to improve the financial stability of a commercial bank, which is most relevant at the present time. In conclusion, the investigated data are summarized and the corresponding conclusions are drawn regarding the stability of banks operating in the territory of the Russian Federation.
Conflict Interaction Between Authorities and Business in Russia
Authors:   Moscow State Regional University, Valova Yulia I.
Published: May 2022

Relevance. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that at the moment there is no single constructive mechanism of relations between the authorities and small and medium-sized businesses. The coronavirus crisis, in addition to "exposing" all the existing problems of interaction between government and business, also added a bunch of new ones. Despite the fact that the Government of the Russian Federation regularly develops and launches programs to support small and medium-sized businesses, the effectiveness of the latter is sluggish. In order for state support measures to justify themselves and entrepreneurs to be satisfied, it is necessary to consider in more detail the mechanism of their cooperation. Therefore, the study of interaction models will help to identify "weak" places, improve the most effective ones, because the success of the activity and development of any company affects the comfortable functioning of the economic system as a whole. The purpose. The purpose of the study is to assess the joint functioning of the state and business, the role of society in these relations. Objectives: consider the tools and models of interaction between government and business; identify resources of conflict potential, administrative barriers and their destructive impact on small and medium-sized businesses; substantiate the need for their constructive interaction. Methodology. In his work, the author uses theoretical and practical research methods.The study was carried out using temporal data using formal methods of analysis. Results. The necessity of constructive interaction between public authorities and business structures in order to effectively influence the economic situation in the country has been substantiated. It is also confirmed by the fact that today the majority of Russian entrepreneurs more than ever need the support of their business from the state. This kind of support should be expressed not only through the measures outlined on paper, but also backed up by the real reality in the work of each entrepreneur. Conclusions. The research materials make it possible to systematize the relationship between the authorities and business, to highlight the main mechanisms of interaction between them.
The Potential Role of Commensal Microbes in Optimizing Nutrition Care Delivery and Nutrient Metabolism
Authors:   School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada, Swaby Anikka M. , Agellon Luis B. ,   School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
Published: May 2022

Microbes have been part of the diet throughout human history. In the evolution of food preservation practices, some techniques inadvertently leveraged microbial activity not only to extend the storage life but also to enhance the properties and nutritive value of foods. In the last century, a variety of bacterial species (referred to as probiotics) were found to confer health benefits to the host. The advent of high-throughput sequencing methods facilitated improved surveillance of conventional probiotics within gut microbial communities as well as fueled the deep exploration of the human gut microbiota. Metagenomic analyses along with improvements in microbial culture techniques and comprehensive functional characterization of specific microbes both in vitro and in vivo have shed new insights into the intimate relationship of the gut microbiota and its host. Recent findings suggest the potential of conventional and newly identified bacterial species in enhancing nutrient processing and holds promise in improving the efficacy of conventional nutrition intervention strategies in managing diseases as well as in the delivery of personalized nutrition therapy support.
Examining the Relationship Between Pediatric Behavioral Health and Parent Productivity Through a Parent-Reported Survey in the Time of COVID-19: Exploratory Study
Authors: Grodberg David , Bridgewater Jesse , Loo Theoren , Bravata Dena
Published: May 2022

Background

Pediatric behavioral health needs skyrocketed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents and caregivers lacked access to well-established tools to identify risk and protective factors while also experiencing decreased access to treatment options to meet their families’ behavioral health needs.

Objective

The aim of this study is to investigate the associations of known pediatric behavioral health risk factors and parents’ reports of workplace productivity.

Methods

A clinical research team at Brightline—a virtual, pediatric behavioral health solution—drew on standardized instruments to create a survey designed to understand pediatric behavioral health conditions, child stress, and family resilience and connection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multivariable linear regression was used to characterize the relationship between these variables and parents’ reports of workplace productivity.

Results

Participants (N=361) completed the survey between October 2020 and November 2021. In the multivariable model, higher pediatric stress and time spent managing children’s behavioral health needs were associated with greater productivity loss among working parents, whereas higher family connection was associated with lower productivity loss. COVID-19 diagnoses among parents and dependents, financial impact of COVID-19 on households, and family resilience were not associated with parents’ workplace productivity.

Conclusions

This survey captured child stress, family connection, and productivity as reported by parents and caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exploratory studies are the first step in understanding the relationship between these variables. The results from this study can empower parents by providing insights to help manage their child’s behavioral health concerns and identify pediatric behavioral health services to aid working parents who are caregivers.
Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life With Multimodal Data: Viewpoint (Preprint)
Authors: Clay Ieuan , Cormack Francesca , Fedor Szymon , Foschini Luca , Gentile Giovanni , van Hoof Chris , Kumar Priya , Lipsmeier Florian , Sano Akane , Smarr Benjamin , Vandendriessche Benjamin , De Luca Valeria
Published: May 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

The ability to objectively measure aspects of performance and behavior is a fundamental pillar of digital health, enabling digital wellness products, decentralized trial concepts, evidence generation, digital therapeutics, and more. Emerging multimodal technologies capable of measuring several modalities simultaneously and efforts to integrate inputs across several sources are further expanding the limits of what digital measures can assess. Experts from the field of digital health were convened as part of a multi-stakeholder workshop to examine the progress of multimodal digital measures in two key areas: detection of disease and the measurement of meaningful aspects of health relevant to the quality of life. Here we present a meeting report, summarizing key discussion points, relevant literature, and finally a vision for the immediate future, including how multimodal measures can provide value to stakeholders across drug development and care delivery, as well as three key areas where headway will need to be made if we are to continue to build on the encouraging progress so far: collaboration and data sharing, removal of barriers to data integration, and alignment around robust modular evaluation of new measurement capabilities.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complications: A Thai real-world clinical cohort (Preprint)
Authors: Looareesuwan Panu , Boonmanunt Suparee , Thammasudjarit Ratchainant , Lukkunaprasit Thitiya , Nimitphong Hataikarn , Siriyotha Sukanya , Reutrakul Sirimon , McKay Gareth , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major non-communicable disease that can progress to multiple complications that lead to significant burden at both individual and population levels. Understanding disease progression and transition between complication states will inform appropriate treatment and management strategy planning. This T2D cohort was ascertained to estimate the transition probabilities of diabetic complications.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to construct the T2D cohort profile and estimate the transition probabilities.

METHODS

This T2D cohort was based on routine clinical practice data collected from Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand from 2010 to 2019. Adults with newly diagnosed T2D were considered eligible for inclusion if they were followed up on at least two occasions. Outcomes of interest included diabetic retinopathy (DR), chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and mortality. These data were identified from multiple sources and combined with laboratory and medication prescribing data. Ten-year transition probabilities were calculated by Kaplan-Meier estimates.

RESULTS

Of 40,662 incident T2D cases, the incidence rate/100 patients/year (95% confidence intervals [CI]) for CKD, CVD, DR, PVD and death were 3.3 (3.1-3.3), 2.7 (2.6-2.8), 1.6 (1.5-1.63), 0.50 (0.49-0.56), and 0.58 (0.54-0.62), respectively. The transition probabilities from a baseline complication-free T2D state to these corresponding states at 10 years were 0.26 (0.21-0.33), 0.19 (0.15-0.23), 0.13 (0.11-0.15), 0.03 (0.03-0.04), and 0.03 (0.02-0.04), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

This well-characterized T2D cohort based on 10-year clinical practice data identified CKD as the most likely T2D complication, followed by CVD and DR. Further studies that consider prognostic factors, treatment safety and effectiveness, and economic evaluation will further guide treatment management and planning strategies in the Thai population.
Identifiable Context: Developing Natural Language Processing to Detect Readiness to Change in Digital Health Support Networks (Preprint)
Authors: Rawsthorne Mat , Cannon Alexander , van Mierlo Trevor
Published: May 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

Research Letter so no abstract required