bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergence Of Dengue Virus Type 4 During COVID-19 Pandemic In Patients Admitted to a Teaching Hospital In Malaysia
Authors: Mahadi Mahrunissa , Muhammad Azami Nor Azila , Abdullah Noraidatulakma , Othman Siti Norlia , Kori Najma , Neoh Hui-min , Salleh Sharifah Azura , Zainol Rashid Zetti , Periyasamy Petrick
Published: February 2023

Prior to COVID-19, dengue was an important public health problem in Malaysia. Due to the movement control order imposed by the Malaysian government to curb the COVID-19 transmission, a study predicted that mosquito-borne diseases would increase during lockdown and partial lockdown seasons. Thus, this study aims to determine the current situation of dengue incidence during the pre-COVID-19 pandemic (2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 and 2021). We compared the number of laboratory-confirmed cases in the pre-COVID19 year (2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 and 2021). In addition to that, we characterized the clinical manifestation, dengue serotype and viremia levels of dengue patients that were admitted to the Hospital Cancelor Tuanku Muhriz. We found a significant decrease in the number of laboratory-confirmed cases between COVID-19 pandemic and the pre-covid period (p2020=0.064; p2021<0.001). In this study, we found DENV 4 serotype was the most common serotype in dengue patients admitted to our hospital. There was no significant correlation between DENV serotype/viremia level with clinical manifestation of dengue fever and dengue with warning signs. However, patients infected with DENV4 had the highest viral load compared to patients infected with other serotypes. We also found high viremia levels were significantly associated with the febrile phase. Keywords dengue; clinical manifestation; dengue in Malaysia
PCROD: Context Aware Role based Offensive Detection using NLP/ DL Approaches
Authors: Purnima T , Rao Ch Koteswara
Published: February 2023

With the increased use of social media many people misuse online platforms by uploading offensive content and sharing the same with vast audience. Here comes controlling of such offensive contents. In this work we concentrate on the issue of finding offensive text in social media. Existing offensive text detection systems treat weak pejoratives like ‘idiot‘ and extremely indecent pejoratives like ‘f***‘ as same as offensive irrespective of formal and informal contexts . In fact the weakly pejoratives in informal discussions among friends are casual and common which are not offensive but the same can be offensive when expressed in formal discussions. Crucial challenges to accomplish the task of role based offensive detection in text are i) considering the roles while classifying the text as offensive or not i) creating a contextual datasets including both formal and informal roles. To tackle the above mentioned challenges we develop deep neural network based model known as context aware role based offensive detection(CROD). We examine CROD on the manually created dataset that is collected from social networking sites. Results show that CROD gives better performance with RoBERTa with an accuracy of 94% while considering the context and role in data specifics.
Şeker Pancarı Üretim Maliyeti ve Kârlılık Analizi: Burdur İli Örneği
Authors: KADAKOĞLU Bektaş , KARLI Bahri , TAŞCİ Nezaket , ÖZYÜREK Hatice
Published: February 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı; Burdur ilinde şeker pancarı tarımı yapan işletmelerin üretim masrafları ve kârlılıkları hesaplanarak işletmelerin ekonomik yapısını tespit etmektir. Çalışmanın ana materyaline ait veriler Burdur ilinde şeker pancarı üretim faaliyetinde bulunan işletmeler arasından tabakalı tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 66 işletmeci ile yüz-yüze görüşülerek elde edilmiştir. Anket yöntemiyle toplanan veriler 2021 üretim sezonuna aittir. Araştırma bulgularına göre şeker pancarı üretiminde, toplam üretim maliyetleri içerisinde değişen ve sabit masrafların payları %77.16 ve %22.84 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Toplam üretim maliyetleri içerisinde önemli bulunan masraflar sırasıyla sulama, arazi kirası, gübre, makine kirası, işgücü ve ilaç masraflarıdır. Şeker pancarı üretiminde dekara toplam masraf 2293.55 TL, GSÜD 3461.51 TL, brüt kâr 1691.59 TL, net kâr 1167.96 TL olarak hesaplanmıştır. Nispi kâr ise 1.51 olarak belirlenmiştir. İşletmelerde dekara şeker pancarı verim ortalaması 6833.33 kg ve kilogram maliyeti 0.34 TL olarak belirlenmiştir. Kilogram başına kâr marjı 0.09 TL’dir. Bölgede şeker pancarı işletmelerinin kârlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ancak üretimde kullanılan girdilerden gübre, motorin ve sulama için kullanılan elektrik fiyatlarındaki artışların üretim maliyetlerini artırdığı ve geçmiş yıllara göre işletmelerin kârlılıklarının azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Bölgede şeker pancarı üretiminin devamlılığı açısından üretim maliyetlerini düşürecek ve verim artışı sağlayacak tarımsal destekleme modellerine ihtiyaç vardır.
Prescription pattern of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs among patients admitted with fever in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Cherumanalil Jeeja Mathummal , Thayyil Jayakrishnan , Habeebulla Madeeha , Louis Jobin , Vishwanath Vimal
Published: February 2023

Background: WHO estimates that more than half of all medicines are prescribed, dispensed or sold inappropriately. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are a group of drugs that are commonly prescribed for the treatment of fever associated with pain and inflammation. The objective was to assess the prescribing pattern of NSAIDs in fever patients. Along with this, we looked at the clinical indications for prescribing and the pattern of prescribing with respect to use of generic or trade names.
Methods: This observational study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Malappuram district of Kerala, India by extracting data of inpatients retrospectively from medical records for a six-month period. The reported prevalence of NSAID use in previous study was 20%, with a relative precision of 18% the sample size required was 500. The data was analyzed and expressed as absolute numbers and/or percentages.
Results: Out of these 500 patients, Dengue fever was the most common diagnosis (86.6%) followed by Typhoid (2.8%) and Leptospirosis (2.4%). Among these, 392 (78.4%) received any of the NSAIDs. The most commonly prescribed drug was Paracetamol (77.04%). Among to the prescriptions, 91.7% were prescribed with generic names. As concomitant medications, antibiotics were prescribed at 21.2% cases, gastro protective agents were prescribed to 24.23% and vitamins were prescribed in 72.6% cases.
Conclusions: This study has shown that the prescribing, usage and preferences of NSAIDs practiced rationally. No over use, under use or misuse of drugs was noticed.
Validation of interpretation of ST-elevation myocardial infarction using the smartphone based 12 lead electrocardiograms in comparison to the cardiologist-a cross sectional study, validation study, single-center study
Authors: Mahajan Sahil , Garg Salil , Sharma Richa , Singh Yogendra , Chandola Nitin , Bhatia Tanuj , Bansal Basundhara
Published: February 2023

Background: In patients experiencing an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), rapid diagnosis leads to optimal clinical outcomes. Recent technology has provided access to a reliable means of obtaining an ECG reading through a smartphone application (app) that works with an attachment providing all 12-leads of a standard ECG system. We developed a 12-lead smartphone-based electrocardiogram (ECG) called “Spandan”, and an application to accurately assess the presence of STEMI in patients presenting with chest pain.  Objectives of study was to perform clinical observation studies on the patients screened for STEMIs and evaluate the variation in the diagnosis of STEMIs detected in both 12-lead gold standard and Spandan 12 lead ECG.
Methods: This single-center study was carried out at Shri Mahant Indresh hospital (SMIH), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India from April-2022 to November-2022. All patients (n=278) visiting the ECG room with symptoms of chest pain, shortness of breath and past history of cardiovascular disease at the department of cardiology of the SMIH, Dehradun were included in the study.
Results: Mean age (SD) was 53.96±15.31 years. The male gender participants was 75.17%. 14.3% were STEMI patients as per the standard 12 lead interpretation, smartphone ECG interpreted 7.1% of the participants as STEMI and cardiologist interpreted nearly 15.4% of the participants of STEMI.
Conclusions: This study confirmed the potential of a smartphone ECG for evaluation of STEMI and the feasibility of studying this technology further to define the diagnostic accuracy, limitations, and appropriate use of this new technology.
Brain abscess in older children with uncorrected tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Prasad Arun , Prasad Abhiranjan , Azad Pulak
Published: February 2023

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. Corrective surgery is indicated during infancy for the best outcome, however, due to poor availability and affordability of surgery, many children of resource-poor settings live with uncorrected tetralogy of Fallot. They suffer from dreaded complications like brain abscess, in later years of life. We report 3 cases of tetralogy of Fallot who developed brain abscess during their childhood.
Reliability and assessment of partial or complete anterior cruciate ligament injuries with diagnostic arthroscopy
Authors: Chintapalli Surya Sri Karun , Praveen Narayan  , Pothuri Rishi Ram  , Bhaktharahalli Ramchandran Harshavardhan
Published: February 2023

Background: Partial tears of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) were more commonly identified in young group with knee twisting. Partial tears are characterized by tear involvement of less than 50% of the ligament is torn. The arthroscopic evaluation is considered as gold standard in diagnostic evaluation. The comparison of findings between partial and complete tears in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arthroscopy helps in finding out reliability of diagnostic modalities and consider the surgeon to establish the plan of treatment.
Methods: 2-year prospective study at the department of orthopedics, RRMCH, Bangalore, India. 40 consecutive patients with suspicion of cruciate injuries of knee were selected for the study from July 2018 to May 2021. The MR imaging of knee in selected cases were performed and the findings were obtained.  The descriptive statistical analysis was prepared which includes spectrum of MRI findings in cruciate injuries of knee that were correlated with arthroscopy findings in determining the accuracy.
Results: Total 40 patients, we obtained 100% sensitivity and 66.67% specificity, 93.75% accuracy of MRI with arthroscopy in diagnosing complete ACL tears. We obtained 90.91% sensitivity and 80% specificity, 87.50% accuracy of MRI with arthroscopy in diagnosing partial ACL tears.
Conclusions: The partial tears can be missed or can be over diagnosed on MRI. These misinterpretations are more likely to happen due to intra-substance signal abnormality. Description of the status of ACL ligament in arthroscopy helped the orthopaedic surgeons in decision making as conservative approach in partial tears and reconstruction in a complete tear.
A study on greater trochanter reconstruction in unstable inter trochanteric fracture of femur
Authors: Sharan Sudhir , P. N. Kartik , Jadhav Shivsagar
Published: February 2023

Background: A study on greater trochanter reconstruction in unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture.
Methods: The 2019 to 2022, Patients were randomly divided into two groups with the help of computer-generated coded envelopes; Group A (unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture patients treated by hemi-arthroplasty or PFN with greater trochanter reconstruction) and Group B (unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture Patients Treated by hemi-arthroplasty or PFN with no greater trochanter reconstruction) with 20 patients in each group Outcomes were evaluated based on Harris hip score calculated at 2 weeks 6 weeks 3 months and 6 months.
Results: Most common surgery in study groups performed were PFN, on radiology as non-union and union, most common study participants show union, on follow up at 2,6 weeks,3 months and 6 months Harris hip score was calculated and it was found to be statistically significant suggestive of improved quality of life, on radiological evaluation all cases shows non-displacement of GT position but in follow-ups at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months one case each reported displaced implant.
Conclusions: The result of our study shows that there is improved quality of life and significant improvement in Harris hip score after reconstruction of greater trochanter in unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture.
Aadhaar Number Labeled Complete Denture: A Case Report
Authors: . Tushar , Garg Srishti , Chaudhary Aditya , Aggarwal Anju
Published: February 2023

Personal identification is of prime importance for forensic and medicolegal purposes especially in case of natural calamities, accidents, state of unconsciousness, or loss of memory. Denture identification systems are important not only for patients in health-care facilities, old-age homes, and hospitals but also in medico-legal cases. In India, no standardized method is being followed for labeling of the dentures. This article proposes a technique of denture marking that gives permanent, unique, and global identification to all the Indian nationals using Aadhaar - a universally accepted identity for Indian nationals.
Evaluation of Frontal Sinus as an Aid in Personal Identification - A Digital Radiographic Study
Authors: Akanksha A. , David Maria Priscilla
Published: February 2023

Background and Objectives: The cranio-facial structures have the advantage of being composed largely of hard tissue which is relatively indestructible. The frontal sinus is as unique to each individual as a fingerprint, even to monozygotic twins. The present study was conducted to evaluate frontal sinus as an aid in personal identification. Methods: The study was conducted among 200 subjects (100 males and 100 females). Posteroanterior radiographs were taken using KODAK 8000 C Digital Panoramic and Cephalometric system and digital measurements made using Trophy Dicom and Masterview 3.0 Software. Frontal sinuses were classified and analyzed. Total height and total width of frontal sinus was measured according to Tatlisumak and Uthman A T. Inter orbital width was measured according to Ribeiro. Total orbital width was measured as an additional parameter. Results: Of the total 200 (100%) subjects we observed uniqueness of frontal sinuses in all the 167 subjects with presence of frontal sinus with central septa presence with none being identical and found 16 subjects with central septa absence, where the mean total height and total width of frontal sinus was measured and 17 subjects with bilateral absence of frontal sinus, where mean inter-orbital width was measured. Total orbital width was considered for the combined 33 subjects. Conclusion: We conclude that frontal sinuses can be used as a potent aid in personal identification. The combined use of frontal sinus and orbital measurements can be a valuable, cost-effective adjunct to positive human identification.
Artificial Intelligence in Forensic Odontology
Authors: T. Smitha
Published: February 2023

No Abstract.
The communicative and pragmatic potential of non-standard vocabulary
Authors: Kinzhagaliyeva Karylgash , Nurkenova Saule , Ospanova Zhanna , Tusselbayeva Zhanar , Maimakova Almagul
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the sub-standard vocabulary of the English language using examples of American slang, which makes up its main part. The development of language and society entails the constant emergence of new units of both standard and non-standard vocabulary. Knowledge of this layer of vocabulary is necessary for a better understanding of native English speakers, modern literature and mass media. The definitions and stylistic characteristics of the layers of non-standard vocabulary are indicated, combining them into a lexico-semantic paradigm based on the principle of socio-cultural and stylistic determinism of their functioning. The communicative structure of a literary text as a linguocultural space is determined to identify the stylistic characteristics of non-standard lexical units. The features of the conceptualization of the world through non-standard vocabulary are revealed. In addition, the article describes the communicative and pragmatic techniques of non-standard vocabulary at the lexical and semantic levels. At the word-formation level, non-standard compatibility manifests itself, as a rule, through a language game created with the help of word-formation means, as a rule, it is affixation, contamination, abbreviation, truncation.
MALAT-1 regulates the AML progression by promoting the m6A modification of ZEB1
Authors: Jin Jing , Fu Leihua , Hong Pan , Feng Weiying
Published: February 2023

Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT-1) is abnormally upregulated in various human cancers. However, the role of MALAT-1 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unclear. This study investigated the expression and function of MALAT-1 in AML. MTT assay was used to determine cell viability, qRT-PCR was applied to determine the RNA levels. Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression. Flow cytometry was conducted to measure cell apoptosis. RNA pull-down assay was carried out to detect the interaction between MALAT-1 and METTL14. RNA FISH assay was performed to determine the localization of MALAT-1 and METTL14 in AML cells. Our results have revealed the key role of MEEL14 and m6A modification in AML. Besides, MALAT-1 was significantly up-regulated in AML patients. MALAT-1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of AML cells, and induced cell apoptosis; additionally, MALAT-1 binding to METTL14 promoted the m6A modification of ZEB1. Besides, ZEB1 overexpression partially reversed the effect of MALAT-1 knockdown on the cellular functions of AML cells. Taken together, MALAT-1 promoted the aggressiveness of AML through regulating m6A modification of ZEB1.
LncRNA AC093850.2 predicts poor outcomes in patients with triple-negative breast cancer and motivates tumor progression by sponging miR-4299
Authors: Xu Zhangbo , Gu Yongxue , Lei Ying , Teng Lili
Published: February 2023

Background: Accumulating evidence displays that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in the progression of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA AC093850.2 in TNBC. Methods: The AC093850.2 levels were compared using RT-qPCR in TNBC tissues and corresponding normal tissues. The Kaplan-Meier curve method was conducted to assess the clinical significance of AC093850.2 in TNBC. Bioinformatic analysis was used to predict potential miRNA. Cell proliferation and invasion assays were carried out to explore the function of AC093850.2/miR-4299 in TNBC. Results: lncRNA AC093850.2 expression is raised in TNBC tissues and cell lines, which is related to the shorter overall survival of patients. AC093850.2 is directly bound to miR-4299 in TNBC cells. Downregulation of AC093850.2 reduces tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities, while miR-4299 silence attenuated AC093850.2 silencing induced inhibition of cellular activities in TNBC cells. Conclusion: In general, the findings suggest that lncRNA AC093850.2 was closely related to the prognosis and progression of TNBC by sponging miR-4299, which might be a prognosis predictor and potential target for treating TNBC patients.
Problematic putative pachycephalosaurids: Synchrotron µCT imaging shines new light on the anatomy and taxonomic validity of Gravitholus albertae from the Belly River Group (Campanian) of Alberta, Canada
Authors: Dyer Aaron , Powers Mark , Currie Phiip
Published: February 2023

The taxonomic validity of the holotype and sole specimen of the pachycephalosaurid Gravitholus albertae (TMP 1972.027.0001) from the Belly River Group (Alberta, Canada), remains unresolved forty years after its first description. The diagnosis for this species is tenuous at best and extensive cranial fusion has prevented a thorough description and taxonomic referral of TMP 1972.027.0001. We used synchrotron µCT imaging to identify fused sutures and segment the individual elements that comprise TMP 1972.027.0001. This allowed for a detailed description of the specimen in a more thorough comparative framework with other known pachycephalosaurid specimens. Using new observations of contacts between cranial elements, the morphological distinction of TMP 1972.027.0001 from other Belly River Group pachycephalosaurids was tested with bivariate and multivariate morphometric analyses. TMP 1972.027.0001 is morphologically consistent as an end-stage semaphorant of Stegoceras validum. Furthermore, we find no taxonomically significant morphometric distinctions between Gravitholus albertae, Hanssuesia sternbergi, and Stegoceras validum, and propose the former two are synonymous with the later. Large Stegoceras validum frontoparietals show statistically significant dimorphism in the thickness of the frontonasal boss, which is not apparent amongst juvenile and subadult specimens. Pathologies consistent with intraspecific combat (“headbutting”) appear restricted to frontoparietal domes with proportionally taller frontonasal bosses, and suggests that the two morphs represent sexual dimorphs, rather than separate species. Foraminacephale brevis and Stegoceras validum are the only named pachycephalosaurids recognised in the Dinosaur Park Formation. The stratigraphic and temporal range of Stegoceras validum is extended into the underlying Oldman Formation. Pachycephalosaurid diversity in the Campanian is reduced as a result of these revised taxonomic hypotheses. A revised phylogenetic character matrix, recognising taxonomic synonymies and ontogenetically dependent character states results in a largely unresolved Pachycephalosauria.
The carbon dioxide fluxes at the open-top chambers experiment on the ombrotrophic bog (Mukhrino field station)
Authors: Zarov E. A. , Jacotot A. , Kulik A. A. , Gogo S. S. , Lapshina E. D. , Dyukarev E. A.
Published: February 2023

The continuous measurement of CO2 fluxes at the open-top chamber experiment in the ombrotrophic peatland (located in the middle taiga zone, West Siberia, Russia) has been provided during the warm season of 2022 (beginning of June to beginning of October). The Reco, NEE and GPP were calculated for this period; abiotic factors related to CO2 emissions, such as PAR, air temperature, water table level and precipitation, were also measured. The monthly average values showed a negative NEE of -9.89 C g m-2 month-1 in July, a negative GPP of -34.19 C g m-2 month-1 in July, and a positive values Reco of 41.68 C g m-2 month-1 in August. In 2022, the studied peatland hollows were only a carbon stock in July, while in the remaining months they were a source of CO2, which could be caused by small precipitation amount.

The monthly average diurnal variations of CO2 fluxes showed similar behaviour for both the OTC plot and control plot fluxes, which may be explained by the similarity in vegetation cover.
The main physical and geographical characteristics of the Mukhrino field station area and its surroundings
Authors: Kupriianova I. V. , Kaverin A A , Filippov I. V. , Ilyasov D. V. , Lapshina E. D. , Logunova E. V. , Kulyabin M. F.
Published: February 2023

На основе литературного обзора и по данным полевых маршрутных наблюдений сделана попытка рассмотрения особенностей основных физико-географических компонентов международной полевой станции Мухрино и ее окрестностей: геологического строения и рельефа, климата, гидрографии, разнообразия позвоночных животных, растительного и почвенного покрова, ландшафтной структуры. Принадлежность территории к геологическим элементам, таким как Фроловская мегавпадина, Южно-Елизаровский прогиб, Ханты-Мансийская синеклиза и Усть-Иртышская впадина свидетельствует об отрицательных неотектонических движениях и характеризуется максимальными мощностями осадочных отложений кайнозойского возраста. Особенностью современного рельефа является отчетливо выраженная ярусность, которая формировалась в процессе трансформаций, происходивших в неоген-четвертичное время. Важное влияние на формирование облика территории оказали аккумулятивные процессы. Комбинация их влияния поспособствовала формированию плоского эрозионно-аккумулятивного рельефа, сложенного тонкозернистыми песчаными и супесчаными озерно-аллювиальными, супесчаными, суглинистыми аллювиальными осадками позднего плейстоцена и переслаивающимися супесчаными и суглинистыми аллювиальными голоценовыми отложениями. Климат характеризуется большой повторяемостью антициклональной погоды, быстрой изменчивостью погоды, влажный с умеренно-теплым летом и умеренно суровой снежной зимой. Гидрографическая сеть хорошо развита, стационар расположен в долине реки Мухриной с большим количеством водотоков, озер и болот, и прилегающей к району сопряжения пойм Оби и Иртыша. Наблюдается слабая дренирующая роль рек, что указывает на переувлажнение и заболоченность территории. Растительный покров представлен сочетанием сообществ олиготрофных верховых болот, суходольных лесов и пойм. В результате классификации растительного покрова было выделено 11 типов. Почвенный покров также сочетает в себе зональные и интразональные черты и формируется за счёт таких процессов, как подзоло-, глее- и торфообразование, а также аллювиального. Предварительно на территории исследования было выделено 5 основных типов почв: подзолы, светлоземы, аллювиальные, торфяные олиготрофные и эутрофные. Спецификой ландшафтной структуры описываемой территории является широкое распространение болотных, лесных и пойменных геосистем, в связи с чем разнообразна ее фауна. Хозяйственная деятельность человека не ведётся. Это позволяет считать экосистемы района стационара Мухрино фоновыми и в целом не нарушенными, что делает их привлекательными для разнонаправленных исследований, в основу которых будут положены интегральный подход и геосистемный анализ его природных комплексов.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Neuronavigation in Patients with Glioblastoma
Authors: GÜLENSOY Bülent
Published: February 2023

Objective: To investigate the effect of neuronavigation use on mortality in patients with glioblastoma.

Methods: For each of the 26 patients that underwent neuronavigation-assisted supratotal resection for glioblastoma between 2018 and 2020, one patient that underwent supratotal resection without navigation was selected.

Results: Radiographic radicality was observed in 35% of the cases in the neuronavigation-assisted surgery group and 29% of those in the conventional surgery group. Absolute and relative residual tumor volumes were significantly lower in the neuronavigation-assisted surgery group. Radical tumor resection was associated with a very significant increase in survival. There was no significant difference in the survival rates between the patients that underwent surgery with and without neuronavigation. This was attributed to the small number of participants and supratotal resection being performed in all statistically determined patients The low median survival period of glioblastoma may have also contributed to this finding.

Conclusions: Surgery plays an important role in the treatment of glioblastoma. A combination of techniques including intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging, neuronavigation, ultrasound, and fluorescence guidance allows for safe and maximum surgical resection, leading to better outcomes in terms of survival and postoperative functional recovery. However, despite maximal surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy-radiotherapy, most cases develop tumor recurrence within 10 months, which is considered to be due to established cancer stem cells. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more effective treatment strategies for glioblastoma.
Efficacy of Burrhole Craniostomy in Chronic Subdural Hematoma. A Retrospective 9-Year Study
Authors: ÖZER Hıdır , ŞAHİN Ömer Faruk
Published: February 2023

Objective: To demonstrate the effectiveness, possible complications, and difference of Burr-hole craniostomy surgical technique applied to patients diagnosed with chronic subdural hematoma from other surgical techniques. Methods: The surgical techniques and postoperative clinical and radiological details of 36 patients who were operated on with the diagnosis of chronic subdural hematoma in the Neurosurgery Clinic of Ordu University Training and Research Hospital between 01.01.2013 and 15.08.2022 were retrospectively analyzed. In all patients in the post-op period, control brain CT was taken within the first 24 hours and compared with the pre-op CT. Again, at the end of post-op 1st, 2nd week and 1st month, control brain CT was taken for all patients and GCS was compared with pre-op scores. After determining the post-op complications, the treatment and results of these complications were examined. Results: One patient who was operated on with Burr-Hole developed motor dysphasia in the post-op period, and intraparenchymal hemorrhage was detected in the post-op tomography of this patient. . Post-op clinical and radiological results of patients who underwent burr-hole craniostomy were significantly better than pre-op clinical and radiological results, and the recurrence rate was low, consistent with the literature. All drains placed in the subdural area after the burr hole opened during the operation were removed before discharge. Conclusions: Although the drainage of chronic subdural hematoma with bur-hole craniostomy has a higher recurrence rate compared to the craniotomy method, it has a lower complication rate and is a more easily applicable surgical technique. In our study, some important points about patients who underwent burrhole craniostomy for cSDH evacuation were highlighted. It was observed that our patients who underwent burrhole craniostomy had higher reoperation rates compared to our patients who underwent craniotomy. We think that the presence of residual hematoma in the controls performed with CT in the post-op period should not be the sole criterion for re-operation. We think that CT controls are sufficient if there is improvement in the neurological status of the patient and a better GCS score in the post-op follow-up.
Radiological Evaluation of the Relationship Between Plantar Fasciitis and Foot Arch Angles in Adults
Authors: BOZ Mehmet , ŞAHİN Abdullah Alper , AKÇİÇEK Mehmet
Published: February 2023

Objective: The foot arch deformation increases plantar fasciitis (PF) and plantar calcaneal spur (PCS) for-mation. As a result, the heel fat pad becomes thinner. This study investigated the relationship between plantar fasciitis and foot arch angles. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients who had PF patients (n = 53) and healthy individu-als (n = 71) without PF. We have evaluated the presence of PCS and heel fat pad thickness measurements on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the lateral talus-first metatarsal angle (Meary’s angle), lateral talocal-caneal angle, and calcaneal inclination angle measurements were performed on X-ray images. Results: The mean age of the PF group was significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.001). The degrees of Meary’s angle and calcaneus inclination angle were significantly higher in the PF group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.026, respectively) than in the control group. The incidence of PCS was significantly higher in the PF group (p = 0.028). In the binary logistic regression analysis model, high Meary’s angle and calcaneal pitch angle were found to be associated with the risk of PF. There was also a significant association between age and the pres-ence of PCS and PF. Conclusion: Changes in Meary’s angle and calcaneal pitch angle were significant risk factors for PF.
Are Prostate Cancer Screenings Performed in Compliance with Cancer Guidelines?
Authors: NALBANT İsmail , BENLİ Erdal , ÇIRAKOĞLU Abullah , KELEŞ Mevlüt , YAZICI İbrahim , ACET Ahmet Anıl
Published: February 2023

Objective: This study aims to examine whether our region's Prostate Cancer (PCa) screening programs comply with the European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines. Method: This study was conducted as a retrospective, cross-sectional study between April 2014 and July 2022. Two hundred seventy patients who applied to our clinic for various reasons and were diagnosed with PCa were included in the study. Characteristics of the patients, such as age at diagnosis, comorbidities, age at first PSA examination, and PSA values, were recorded. Results: The mean age of the patients at the time of cancer diagnosis was 67.42±8.64 (43-91) years. PSA value (median±IQR) at the diagnosis was 9.58±19.43 (1.83-3437) ng/ml. When the distribution of cancer according to different decades of life was examined, there were 5 (%1.8) patients in the 40-50 age range, 44 (16.1%) in the 50-60 age range, 111 (40.7%) in the 60-70 age range, 86 (31.5%) in the 70-80 age range, and 24 (8.8%) after the age of 80. While 138 patients (51.1%) had local and benign tumor features, 59 (21.9%) patients were diagnosed with metastatic findings. Only 31.3% (61/195) of the patients were under regular follow-up by a specific urology doctor. Conclusion: It was found that the screening of prostate cancer, the most common type of cancer in men, was not performed by the guidelines, and as a result, diagnosis and treatment were delayed. It was determined that many patients lost the chance of curative treatment. In this disease, where early diagnosis is vital for effective treatment and preservation of quality of life, it is essential to follow up with aging men in accordance with the guidelines. It may be beneficial to periodically train and follow up with all health professionals interested in this issue.
Efficacy and Safety of Tofacitinib in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: BAYRAM Doğan , ERDEN Abdulsamet , KART BAYRAM Gözde Sevgi , BAŞER Salih , ERTEN Şükran
Published: February 2023

Objective: The aim of our study is to show the efficacy and side effects of tofacitinib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: 66 Patients who were followed up in the rheumatology outpatient clinic, were older than 18 years, and used tofacitinib for at least three months were included. Blood count, liver transaminase levels, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were determined before and at the third and sixth months of the tofacitinib treatment. Before and after treatment, DAS 28-ESR, morning stiffness duration, and VAS score were also calculated Results: The mean age was 54.7±12.0 years, and 84.8% were women. The mean duration of tofacitinib use was 19.0±13.5 months. Duration of morning stiffness, VAS and DAS 28-ESR scores decreased significantly after tofacitinib (p<0.001). The leukocyte count after treatment also decreased significantly compared to before treatment. Side effects related to tofacitinib were seen in 33.3% of the patients. Rash, cough, and nausea were the most common side effects. Tofacitinib-associated Herpes Zoster infections were seen in 13.6% of the patients. Tofacitinib treatment was discontinued in 48.5% of patients due to adverse effects, drug ineffectiveness, and disease activation. Conclusion: There was statistically significant decrease in RA disease activity with tofacitinib treatment. It was noteworthy that 33.3% of the patients developed adverse effects and 48.5% developed a condition requiring discontinuation of tofacitinib treatment.
Prognostic Value of Integrated Pulmonary Index (IPI) Value in Determining Pneumonia Severity in Patients Diagnosed with COVID-19 Pneumonia in the Emergency Department
Authors: SUMER Ezgi , ÇIKRIKÇI IŞIK Gülşah , ÇORBACIOĞLU Şeref Kerem , ÇEVİK Yunsur
Published: February 2023

Objective: This study aimed to examine the predictive power regarding prognosis of the Integrated Pulmonary Index (IPI) values measured at admission for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia in the emergency department. In addition, the correlation between CURB-65 and PSI scores and IPI values in COVID-19 pneumonia was also examined.

Methods: The study was conducted between April 2020 and December 2020 as a prospective study. We evaluated respiratory function using IPI monitoring system that includes oxygen saturation, end-tidal CO2, respiratory rate, and pulse rate. For patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia in the emergency department, the IPI value was measured at the time of admission and PSI and CURB-65 scores were calculated. The predictive power of the IPI value in patients with clinical severity and the correlations between clinical severity and PSI, CURB-65 and IPI scores were examined. All of the data that was obtained during the study was recorded in the study form and evaluated using the IBM SPSS 22.0 statistical program in which P <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results: A total of 81 patients were included in the study. When the severity of pneumonia was compared with the CURB-65, PSI and IPI values, a statistically significant difference was found between the clinical severity groups for all scores (p<0.001 for each score). Although the correlation between clinical severity, CURB-65 and PSI scores was positive and moderate (r:0.556 and r:0.613, respectively), the correlation between clinical severity and IPI value was found to be inverse and strong (r:0.824). While the IPI value was green, the sensitivity to predict mild pneumonia was 94.92%, and the specificity was 54.55%.

Conclusion: Although all of the scores showed a significant correlation with clinical severity in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, this correlation was moderate in PSI and CURB-65 scores, while there was a strong inverse correlation between IPI value and clinical severity. Considering the ease of use of the IPI value and its correlation with the clinic, we believe that it is more successful than CURB-65 and PSI scores in predicting clinical severity in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Investigation of the Effect of Bleaching on Discolored Teeth After Regenerative Treatment on Fracture Resistance of Teeth
Authors: FUNDAOĞLU KÜÇÜKEKENCİ Funda
Published: February 2023

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bleaching discolored teeth after regenerative endodontic treatment on fracture resistance. Methods: Forty human maxillary incisors were selected for the study and were divided into four study groups (n=10). Group 1 was called the positive control group, and no treatment was applied. In Group 2; root canals were enlarged to size 6 peezo reamer bur to mimic an immature tooth. The disinfection protocol was performed according to the regenerative endodontic treatment protocol of the American Association of Endodontists. 3 mm thick mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was placed at the cementoenamel margin and restored with a temporary restorative material. The samples in group 3 were restored with glass ionomer and composite resin. In Group 4 bleaching was applied with 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent to the samples before restoration with glass ionomer and composite resin. Then each group was applied to the cervical fracture resistance test with a universal testing machine. The fracture resistance values were recorded in Newtons (N), and the obtained data were analyzed statistically. Results: While the highest fracture strength was obtained in group 1 (1092 ±9.27N), the lowest fracture resistance was observed in group 2 (493.8 ±7.60N). The difference between all groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent application after regenerative endodontic treatment reduces fracture resistance of the tooth.
Morphometric Examination of The Tracheobronchial Tree in Cases with Foreign Body Aspiration
Authors: KORKMAZ İnan , ÇELİKKAYA Mehmet , ATICI Ahmet , KAYALI Alperen , KARADAĞ Mehmet , ÖZ Fatma
Published: February 2023

Objective: Recently, few studies have evaluated bronchial morphometric parameters focusing on bronchial length, diameter, or angles. These parameters can be an important indicator in various pathological processes and are essential for simulating the flow of aspiration and inspired particle transport. The aim of this study is to determine the trachea, the diameters of the right and left main bronchus, the angle of the carina and the angulations of the right and left main bronchus; To investigate the extent to its affects the foreign body aspiration localization.

Methods: In this study, pediatric patients under the age of 18 who came with a history of foreign body aspiration and underwent computerized tomography between 2017 and 2020 were included in the study. The patients were evaluated in terms of age, gender, anatomical localization of the aspirated foreign body, diameter of trachea, right main bronchus, left main bronchus, carina angle, branching angles of right and left main bronchus on CT.

Results: Of the cases in this study, 13 (56.5%) were female and 10 (43.5%) were male, It was observed that the aspirated foreign body was on the left side in 12 (52.2%) children, and on the right side in 11 (47.8%) children. The mean age of the patients was 5.52±4.86. The right bronchial angle (RBA) mean of the children with the foreign body on the left side was 39.04 ± 6.68, with a significantly wider angle compared to the mean RBA in the children with the foreign body on the right side (p=0.013).

Conclusion: The factor affecting the localization of the foreign body is the branching angle of the right main bronchus. According to the results of our study, it has been observed that if this angle is less than 37, the object will be on the right side, and if it is 37 degrees and above, the object will turn to the left.
Investigation of Heavy Metal Contents in Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Sold in Bingöl Herbalists
Authors: KARAGÖZOĞLU Yusuf , KIRAN Tuğba Raika
Published: February 2023

Objective: In our country, which is rich in medicinal plant diversity, there is an increase in heavy metal accumulation with the increase of industrial development and environmental pollution. The aim is to evaluate the health safety of heavy metal content of thyme and ginger plants, which are frequently used for therapeutic purposes, sold in herbalists.

Methods: In this study, heavy metal (Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, Pb) levels in thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) plant samples obtained from three different herbalists in Bingöl were determined by ICP-MS.

Results: Fe, Zn, Cd and Pb levels in both thyme and ginger samples, Cr levels in thyme samples and Cu levels in ginger samples were above the safe limit values for health. In the thyme and ginger samples, Co, Ni, Cr levels in ginger samples and As levels in thyme samples were found to be in the safe range for health

Conclusion: As a result; it is noteworthy that some heavy metals in medicinal plants used for therapeutic purposes in this study are above the recommended critical levels. Considering the possibility of exposure to heavy metals while consuming medicinal plants, regular monitoring of heavy metal concentrations in plants is important in order to minimize the risks that may adversely affect human health
Investigation of The Learning and Memory Enhancing Effects of 0.25 mA and 0.5 mA Anodal and Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulations in Healthy Rats
Authors: AKÇAY Güven
Published: February 2023

Objective: Our aim in this study was to investigate the effects of tDCS, which is known to be effective on AM-PA and NMDA, with different anodal and cathodal stimulation types and 0.25 mA and 0.5 mA current intensi-ties on learning and memory by behavioral and molecular mechanisms.

Methods: 50 male Wistar rats weighing 290-310 g were divided into 5 groups as control, C1-tDCS, C2-tDCS, A1-tDCS and A2-tDCS. In the C1-tDCS group, 0.25 mA cathodal tDCS stimulation for 30 min per day for 5 days, in the C2-tDCS group for 30 min per day for 0.5 mA cathodal tDCS stimulation for 5 days, in the A1-tDCS group for 5 days with 0.25 mA anodal tDCS stimulation for 30 min per day and A2-tDCS group The tDCS group received 0.5 mA anodal tDCS stimulation for 30 minutes per day for 5 days. On the 6th and 7th days of the experiment, the locomotor activity, learning and memory behaviors of the rats were evaluated by open field test, y maze test and object localization test. In addition, glutamate levels were measured in hippocampus tis-sues by ELISA method.

Results: It was observed that there were non-significant decreases in the results of the C1-tDCS and C2-tDCS groups in which cathodal stimulation was applied compared to the control group in locomotor activity, learning and memory data. On the other hand, an increase was observed in the data of the A1-tDCS and A2-tDCS groups in which anodal stimulation was applied, and the increase in the data of the A2-tDCS group from these groups was found to be statistically significant compared to the control (p<0.05). Similar results were also seen in glu-tamate levels. A non-significant decrease in glutamate levels was observed in the C1-tDCS and C2-tDCS groups compared to the control, while an insignificant increase in glutamate levels in the A1-tDCS group was observed. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in glutamate level in the A1-tDCS group compared to the control group (p<0.05).

Conclusion: In conclusion, our data showed that 0.5 mA anodal tDCS stimulation for 30 min for 5 days can enhance learning and memory on the glutamatergic pathway.
Nurses' Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Qualitative Study
Authors: ÇATIKER Aslıhan , ÖZDİL Kamuran , BULUCU BÜYÜKSOY Gizem Deniz , KÜÇÜK ÖZTÜRK Gülhan
Published: February 2023

Objectives: This qualitative study aimed to conduct an in-depth analysis of the opinions of nurses who did not receive the COVID-19 vaccine during the pandemic regarding the issue.

Methods: This research was designed as a qualitative research in the case study design and based on the guidelines proposed by the COREQ checklist. It was conducted in nurses working in various healthcare institutions and units providing preventive and therapeutic services. In the study, 10 nurses who did not receive the COVID-19 vaccine were interviewed. The data of the study were collected through an introductory “Information form” and “Semi-structured interview form” by conducting in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed by the content analysis method.

Results: In the study, 3 main themes and 8 sub-themes were determined after the thematic analysis. Themes were determined as follows: (1) Extreme skepticism (a. mistrust, b. rumor, c. anxiety), (2) Perceived risk (a. low risk perception, b. experiences), and (3) Self-others (a. individual freedom, b. inconsistency, c. perception of social benefit).

Conclusion: It was found that nurses refused to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, which is an important strategy in the fight against the pandemic, based on various reasons and inferences. Developing a standard recommendation for all nurses in the world on vaccine hesitancy can be difficult. But the strategic efforts to increase confidence in vaccines should focus on the invisible barriers to vaccine hesitancy.