bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La construcción de nuevos escenarios de formación desde las resistencias de los pueblos de América Latina.
Authors: Ramírez Galvis Maria Alejandra
Published: May 2022

A partir de experiencias de la construcción de nuevos escenarios de formación desde las resistencias que se han gestado en América Latina y desde sus conquistas políticas, se analiza cuál debe ser la propuesta educativa que se aleje del proyecto de los organismos multilaterales que ha pretendido hacer de la educación algo abstracto, universal y generalizado, razón por la cual, este análisis se hace desde la perspectiva del proceso emancipador y descolonizador cuyo enfoque es destinar todas las acciones a pensar críticamente y a proponer otros mundos posibles para transformar la realidad.
Visión crítica al derecho positivo: la seguridad social bajo el influjo modelo neoliberal
Authors: Arana Gutiérrez Andrés David , Duarte Luz Adriana , Giraldo Alzate Orfa Margarita
Published: May 2022

En este artículo de investigación se discute sobre la seguridad social en el contexto del derecho positivo, señalando que ésta no puede ser garantizada por el Estado Social de Derecho en la medida en que el modelo económico y político hegemónico mundial le asigna un papel a los Estados en el que estos son garantes de los derechos de propiedad privada de las empresas y corporaciones nacionales y multinacionales. Metodológicamente, se realiza una revisión de los fines del Estado Social de Derecho con respecto a la seguridad social en Colombia, considerando críticamente los presupuestos de la teoría general del derecho. Se encontró que en Colombia el Estado Social de Derecho no garantiza la seguridad social de sus asociados porque su fin es el de garantizar la generación de plusvalía para las corporaciones multilaterales. Se concluye que, aunque Colombia consagra en su Constitución y en las leyes la garantía de la seguridad social para los colombianos, se evidencia una crisis humanitaria multidimensional que afecta los diferentes aspectos de la seguridad social.
Políticas de bioeconomía y agricultura en América Latina. Un análisis crítico
Authors: Nieto Gómez Libia Esperanza , Sánchez Jiménez Wilson , Panesso Jiménez Fernando , Cabrera Otálora Martha Isabel , Giraldo Díaz Reinaldo
Published: May 2022

La vida de los pueblos latinoamericanos es gestionada por los organismos multilaterales que promueven el capitalismo. En este artículo de investigación se hace un análisis crítico a las políticas bioeconómicas, agrícolas y de alimentación que se están esgrimiendo por parte de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico –OECD. Se encontró que los organismos multilaterales desarrollan técnicas de gobierno de la vida como el crecimiento económico, la pobreza, la desigualdad, el bienestar, el desempleo, la seguridad alimentaria, el desarrollo sostenible, el cambio climático, la educación, la productividad, el capital humano, la globalización, el libre mercado, el neoliberalismo, las economías emergentes, los países en desarrollo y que estas técnicas de gobernanza se refuerzan unas a otras. Se concluye que estas políticas distan mucho de las aspiraciones de los pueblos latinoamericanos.
El desarrollo de la conciencia del juicio moral de Lawrence Kohlberg
Authors: Muñoz-Joven Luis Armando
Published: May 2022

Este texto trata el tema del desarrollo del juicio moral de las personas, en el cual se exponen los conceptos del desarrollo social de la conciencia moral de Kohlberg, los cuales deben servir como marco para el enfoque y características metodológicas que exige la investigación en ética discursiva y comunicación social.
Valoración colaborativa de procesos de contratación pública en el marco del libre acceso a la información y el gobierno electrónico en Colombia
Authors: Rey-Piedrahíta Andrés , Victoria-Russi Ángelo Mauricio
Published: May 2022

En Colombia, y en muchos países, a través de las leyes del libre acceso a la información pública, y de lo que se conoce como e-Gobierno, se ha incrementado la información puesta a disposición de los ciudadanos, mejorando cualitativa y cuantitativamente las posibilidades de control sobre el actuar burocrático. Este aumento de la información disponible supone en teoría un incremento de la transparencia, aunque en países como Colombia las prácticas corruptas en materia de contratación pública siguen siendo protagonistas de primer nivel en la vida social y política del país. Teniendo en cuenta que la transparencia, la corrupción y rendición de cuentas mediante el e-Gobierno construyen una relación bidireccional poco explorada, con un significado, alcance y límites difusos, se hace necesario plantear la manera en que las nuevas tecnologías pueden ser utilizadas eficazmente en la lucha y prevención del fenómeno de la Corrupción en la contratación pública (Criado, 2010). Este artículo presenta un análisis del problema de la corrupción, proponiendo un marco de trabajo para ayudar a entender este fenómeno, teniendo como fundamento la transparencia, el poder de la sociedad civil y las nuevas tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones.
Las obligaciones civiles y las víctimas del secuestro en Colombia
Authors: Echeverry-Enciso Yesid
Published: May 2022

El artículo trata el tema de las víctimas del secuestro en Colombia y el desarrollo jurisprudencial de la Corte Constitucional, que en virtud del principio de solidaridad, terminó por trazar una política criminal que transformó las obligaciones civiles asumidas por aquellas antes del secuestro. En ese sentido, se aborda el tema de la autonomía de la voluntad en materia contractual, los límites a dicha libertad y las consecuencias que de ello se derivan bajo la concepción de Estado social de derecho.
La influencia neoliberal en las políticas educativas en Colombia
Authors: Giraldo Paredes Holbein , De la Cruz Giraldo Gustavo Nixon
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo   pretende mostrar  que  el diseño de las políticas  educativas  en  Colombia en las  últimas décadas ha sido producto de una tensión permanente  entre  el Estado Colombiano  y la  federación Colombiana  de  educadores  FECODE,  concebidas   en el marco  de una confrontación política producto de  dos visiones de la educación,  una visión estatal  que propugna por una neoliberalización, mercantilización y privatización de  la educación y  una  defensa  del estado  garantista de bienestar social  por parte de  FECODE, visión que lucha por que se  garantice el derecho constitucional a una educación gratuita y de alta calidad.
Development of a 3D Individualized Mask for Neonatal Non-Invasive Ventilation
Authors: Borràs-Novell Cristina , Causapié Mario García , Murcia Maria , Djian Damien , García-Algar Óscar
Published: May 2022

Non-invasive masks are designed based on generic facial models; therefore, difficulties in fitting patients’ unique characteristics are common. A poor fit of the mask may have consequences such as air leaks or pressure ulcers. It is possible to optimize the fit of interfaces by adapting them to a patient’s face. Our objective is to design an individualized silicone mask for non-invasive ventilation for a premature phantom using a three-dimensional (3D) scanner and bioprinter. The facial surface of the manikin was scanned with a 3D scanner in a supine position, in an incubator with a sliding mattress and in <2 min. We printed the tailor-made mask in 3 h with biocompatible and hypoallergenic silicone. When applied under a simulated clinical scenario, the mask possessed good structural reliability after post-processing and optimal mechanical features. We observed adequate thoracic excursion and 14% reduction in air leaks when the manikin was ventilated with the customized mask with a neonatal ventilator. We ink the edges of personalized and standard masks. After fitting them to phantoms, personalized mask showed better pressure distribution. Our subsequent research direction is to test the viability of personalizing non-invasive ventilation masks for very preterm infants of our department.
3D-printed Bioresorbable Stent Coated with Dipyridamole-Loaded Nanofiber for Restenosis Prevention and Endothelialization
Authors: Wang Chengjin , Yang Yang , Ji Jingyuan , Fang Yongcong , Ouyang Liliang , Zhang Lei , Sun Wei
Published: May 2022

Intimal hyperplasia and restenosis caused by excessive proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMC) are the main factors for the failure of stent implantation. Drug-eluting stents carried with antiproliferative drugs have emerged as a successful approach to alleviate early neointimal development. However, these agents have been reported to have an undesirable effect on re-endothelialization. In this study, we proposed an integrated bioresorbable stent coated with dipyridamole (DP)- loaded poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) nanofibers. Three-dimensional (3D) bioresorbable stents were fabricated by printing on a rotation mandrel using polycaprolactone (PCL), and the stents were further coated with PDLLA/DP nanofibers. The in vitro degradation and drug release evaluation illustrated the potential for long-term release of DP. Stents coated with PDLLA/DP nanofibers showed excellent hemocompatibility. The cell viability, proliferation, and morphology analysis results revealed that stents coated with PDLLA/DP nanofibers could prevent the proliferation of SMC and have no adverse effects on endothelial cells. The in vivo implantation of stents coated with PDLLA/DP nanofibers showed initial patency and continuous endothelialization and alleviated neointimal formation. The attractive in vitro and in vivo performance indicated its potential for restenosis prevention and endothelialization.
Angiogenesis in Free-Standing Two-Vasculature-Embedded Scaffold Extruded by Two-Core Laminar Flow Device
Authors: Nguyen Chanh Trung , Duong Van Thuy , Hwang Chang Ho , Koo Kyo-in
Published: May 2022

Rapid construction of pre-vascular structure is highly desired for engineered thick tissue. However, angiogenesis in free-standing scaffold has been rarely reported because of limitation in growth factor (GF) supply into the scaffold. This study, for the 1st time, investigated angiogenic sprouting in free-standing two-vasculature-embedded scaffold with three different culture conditions and additional GFs. A two-core laminar flow device continuously extruded one vascular channel with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and a 3 mg/ml type-1 collagen, one hollow channel, and a shell layer with 2% w/v gelatin-alginate (70:30) composite. Under the GF flowing condition, angiogenic sprouting from the HUVEC vessel had started since day 1 and gradually grew toward the hollow channel on day 10. Due to the medium flowing, the HUVECs showed elongated spindle-like morphology homogeneously. Their viability has been over 80% up to day 10. This approach could apply to vascular investigation, and drug discovery further, not only to the engineered thick tissue.
concepto de partido político durante el Sexenio Revolucionario y la Restauración (1868-1900)
Authors: Fernández Torres Luis
Published: May 2022

Este artículo aborda las contribuciones al perfilado semántico del concepto de partido político durante el último tercio del siglo XIX español. Para ello se recurre a los textos de algunos de los autores más destacados del periodo, entre los que sobresalen José del Perojo, Gumersindo de Azcárate, Álvaro Figueroa y Torres y Adolfo Bonilla. Desde el punto de vista del desarrollo diacrónico del concepto, asistimos en estos años a una etapa de consolidación de los rasgos semánticos que fueron acumulándose en las anteriores décadas y de expansión social de su uso.
Disseminated abdominal tuberculosis, an unusual presentation in a healthy adolescent: a case report
Authors: Sahagun Cesar Manuel Vargas , López Elsa Paulina Alonso , Vela Cuauhtémoc Morfín
Published: May 2022

Disseminated abdominal tuberculosis is a rare and highly complex disease. With a very low incidence of 2.5% of patient with extrapulmonary tuberculosis and no detected in a timely manner reaches up to a mortality of 8%. We present a rare case of disseminated abdominal tuberculosis in an adolescent that began as a splenic abscess managed with open surgery and clinical-surgical finding of disseminated tuberculosis in the abdominal cavity.
A school-based study of sexual health knowledge among sexually active adolescent girls in Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Amosu Ademola M. , Ajike Saratu O. , Omoronyia Ogban E. , Olaoye Titilayo F.
Published: May 2022

Background: There is high burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancy among young people. In many developing countries including Nigeria, there is paucity of literature on sexual health knowledge among sexually active adolescent girls, as key vulnerable population. This study aimed at assessing level of sexual health knowledge among adolescent secondary school girls in Calabar, Nigeria.Methods: Cross-sectional study design was used, with recruitment of randomly selected sexually active adolescent girls in three public secondary schools in Calabar. Sexual health knowledge was assessed using structured, pre-tested questionnaire, knowledge scores were converted to percentage, and 50% or greater was considered satisfactory. Factors associated with level of knowledge was assessed using Chi-square test, with p value set at 0.05.Results: One hundred and eight (180) respondents were studied, with mean age of 17.4±1.2 years (14-19 years). Mean age at sexual debut was 15.0±2.1 years, ranging from 11 to 19 years. Mean knowledge score (out of maximum of 62) was 25.4±4.2 (9-49), corresponding to 41.0±7.8% (14.5 to 79.0%). Sixty respondents (33.3%) had satisfactory level of knowledge on sexual health. Higher level of paternal and maternal education, married parental status, were associated with satisfactory level of knowledge.Conclusions: There is suboptimal level of sexual health knowledge among sexually active school girls in Calabar. There is urgent need to provide sexual health educational interventions. The school-based family life HIV education (FLHE) program, should be revived, to mitigate sourcing of false sexual health information from peers.
Predictors of birth preparedness among women in Laikipia County, Kenya
Authors: Wanjohi Joseph M. , Wanyoro Anthony K. , Makunyi Eliphas G.
Published: May 2022

Background: Maternal complications are the second leading cause of death among women after HIV/AIDS. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about 94% of all maternal deaths worldwide occur in developing countries. Evidence shows that birth preparedness; the process of strategizing for normal spontaneous vaginal delivery and anticipating the action plan in an obstetric emergency, reduces maternal mortality.Methods: The study assessed the predictors of birth preparedness among women in Laikipia county, Kenya. It was a mixed method, cross-sectional analytical study conducted among 259 women who had delivered within one year prior to the study. Facilities were selected through simple random sampling, whereas participants were selected through systematic sampling. It was a facility-based study using structured questionnaire and key informant interview guide, and data analysed using Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS).Results: The level of birth preparedness was 23.2%. Inferential statistical tests showed that education, occupation and income, were statistically significant associated with the level of birth preparedness p<0.05, CI=95%). Logistic regression showed that tertiary education (AOR=8.469), formal employment (AOR=4.898) and, income above Kshs 39,000 (AOR=4.834) had a positive association with birth preparedness.Conclusions: The level of birth preparedness was low in Laikipia County. Woman’s education, occupation and household monthly income were the predictors of birth preparedness.
Interdental cleaning where we stand today: a questionnaire study
Authors: Koregol Arati C. , Kalburgi Nagaraj B. , Sulakod Kavya , Singh Prerna , Puladas Hannahson
Published: May 2022

Background: Bacterial plaque is etiological factor for initiation of periodontitis. Toothbrushing is necessary for maintaining oral hygiene. However, toothbrushing alone is not enough in interproximal areas. The use of interdental aids was important to clean interdental areas of plaque that forms frequently.Methods: A 35 items questionnaire was structured and distributed among 422 dental under graduate students. The distribution of responses was presented as frequencies and percentage.Results: A total of 422 participants out of whom 5.7% below 20 years 94.3% were 20-25 years. 83 interns and 339 undergraduate students, frequency (%) was more in under graduates compare to interns. The mean knowledge score among undergraduates was 6.80 and in interns was 5.67. Knowledge about interdental cleaning aids was highly significant (p<0.01) among undergraduate students.Conclusions: The overall knowledge and awareness about interdental aids was good. But meticulous planning regarding awareness needs to be followed. The practice regarding interdental aids should be improved, dentist should work closely with the patient to convey message about usage of interdental aids.
A study on knowledge, attitude and practices of cold chain handlers regarding cold chain management in district Kanpur
Authors: Siddiqui Arif A. , Nigam Seema , Anees Saif
Published: May 2022

Background: Immunization is one of the most cost-effective measures to prevent childhood diseases. Vaccines are sensitive biological products and their potency can diminish irreversibly when exposed to inappropriate temperatures. Cold chain handler (CCH) is the most crucial person at a cold chain point (CCP) as his/her correct knowledge and skills regarding cold chain practices, vaccine management and handling are immensely vital for the success of universal immunization programme. Thus, this study has done to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of CCH in public health facilities in district Kanpur.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in 20 CCPs of public health facilities of district Kanpur using multistage simple random sampling technique. The data was collected by using direct personal interview method using semi-structured interview schedule based on standard Government of India (GOI) questionnaire then filled on the Microsoft excel sheet and most appropriate statistical tool applied and results were drawn accordingly.Results: Only 25% of cold chain handlers had good knowledge and 20% had poor knowledge about cold chain handling similarly 25% were showing excellent performance (in terms of attitude and practice) 50% were showing average performance and 25% were showing poor performance.Conclusions: There is need to improve the knowledge level of CCHs regarding cold chain maintenances and handling practices by regular training sessions and monitoring visits. Medical officers of the health facility supported by district immunization officer should be actively involved in the monitoring and supervision of the CCHs on regular basis.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices of pregnant women towards antenatal care in Rural health training centre in Achrol, Jaipur, Rajasthan
Authors: Devi Bachaspatimayum Anuradha , Mathur Roopali Nath , Sisodia Gejendra Singh , Manohar Ravindra Kumar , Gite Amol Rajender , Bharadwaj Manish Kumar
Published: May 2022

Background: Pregnancy and child birth are important stages in a woman’s life. During pregnancy, both the mother and their unborn babies face health problems which can lead to complications. Prevention of these complications can be possible only when all pregnancies are monitored by skilled care providers. Methods: In this study, it refers to a pregnant women’s understanding of components of antenatal care which include registration of pregnancy, danger signs during pregnancy etc. Attitudes are emotional, motivational, perceptive and cognitive beliefs that positively or negatively influence the behaviour or practice of an individual. The study was designed as a cross sectional study. Study population were pregnant females attending antenatal clinic in a rural health training centre. Results: A total of 150 pregnant women completed the study maximum are multigravida. The age distribution depicted in current study shows maximum participants are from the age group of 21-24,maximum participants are 10th pass and are not working staying in the joined family of own house. Knowledge of pregnant women about antenatal care are ideally ANC visit was 4-6 times as per participants and minimum was 2 visits as revealed in study results. Practice of pregnant women on ANC care shows minimum participant registered in first trimester. Attitude of pregnant women about ANC showed maximum of pregnant women exhibited positive attitude towards necessary to register ANC check-up and also Institutional delivery and danger sign.Conclusions: The knowledge and awareness regarding importance of ANC is the need of this era it also help to reduce mortality rate. To improve community awareness on ANC community campaign and mass media should use.
Clinicoradiographic evaluation of different intracoronal and extracoronal restorative materials for the restoration of carious primary molars: a twelve month follow-up study
Authors: Kaul Sampada , Srivastava Nikhil , Rana Vivek , Kaushik Noopur
Published: May 2022

Background: To assess clinical and radiographic efficacy of conventional GIC, stainless steel crown (HT), and Alkasite restoration (Cention N) as management options for cavitated primary molars and to evaluate their success clinico-radiographically in terms of survival, patient’s acceptance and parental satisfaction over a minimum period of 12 months. Methods: IOPAs were taken to assess the extent of caries. Cavitated primary teeth were subjected to following procedures randomly: GROUP I- (GIC) - Isolation followed by soft caries removal, then restoration of cavity with GIC. Patient recalled after 24 hours for finishing and polishing of restoration. GROUP II- (SSC) - Proper isolation followed by soft caries removal. Appropriately sized prefabricated SSC fit and cemented by luting GIC. GROUP III- (AK) - Isolation followed by soft caries removal, restoration of cavity with Alkasite and light cured for setting and finished.Results: In terms of pain, secondary caries and pulpal involvement, 10% cases failed in group I and group III while 100% success was seen in group II. In terms of longevity, maximum dislodgement was seen in group I (30%) followed by group III (10%) while 100% success was seen in group II. In terms of patient and parent acceptance, group III was most widely accepted by patients at baseline while parents were satisfied with group II at the end of the study. Conclusions: All restorative materials were clinically and radiographically successful in restoration of primary molars in terms of survival, patient acceptance and parental satisfaction, however Stainless-Steel crowns proved to be most efficacious.
An exploratory study to assess the acceptance and attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination among school-going adolescents aged 15-17 years in selected schools of Nadia district
Authors: Bhowmick Saswati , Dhankher Ruby , Mukhopadhyay Ananya , Ahamed Farhad , T. Latha , Rani Jamuna , Joshi Poonam
Published: May 2022

The vaccination along with COVID appropriate behaviour plays a key role to decrease the spread of infection in all age groups. The present study aimed at assessing the acceptance and attitude of school-going adolescents aged between15-17 years who recently became eligible to be part of the COVID-19 mass vaccination drive in India along with matching up the COVID appropriate behaviour. A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in February 2022 among 300 school-going adolescents aged between 15-17 years selected through multi-stage sampling. A self-reported questionnaire survey instrument in the Google form was used to collect the data. A total of 260 adolescents responded with a response rate of 86.7%. Most of the participants were female (64.2%). The majority of adolescents (80%) had already taken the COVID-19 vaccination at the time of the survey. Very few adolescents had doubts regarding the safety of the vaccine (0.7%). Around 74.6% of adolescents had a good attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination with a mean score of 20.6±2.4. More than half of the adolescents (58%) reported good practice related to COVID appropriate behaviour (CAB) with a mean score of 48.2±6.2. The majority of school-going adolescents had a good attitude and acceptance towards the ongoing vaccination drive and reportedly observed good CAB practices. Long-term COVID-19 preventive approaches along with vaccination need to be employed to support the wellbeing of adolescents.
Role of tobacco in pandemic COVID-19 in India
Authors: Gupta Ankit , Dutt Bheem , Singh Mahendra
Published: May 2022

Since the end of 2019, the world has witnessed the spread of a COVID-19, that affects the respiratory system of the body in the form of the novel coronavirus. This pandemic has affected people across all socioeconomic demographics and cultures in high-, middle- and low- income countries. Tobacco is also a major risk factor for many diseases like cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory disease and diabetes which put people with these conditions at higher risk for developing severe illness when affected by COVID-19. Minimizing the use of tobacco and smoking might be an important factor for containing COVID-19 infection. On the other side, studies also suggest also that smoking is associated with a decreased risk of hospital admission with a diagnosis of COVID-19, or a decreased risk of occurrence of the disease in the community. These studies have noted 4 to 5 times lower proportions of smokers among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 compared with the underlying source population. A metanalysis of hospital case series confirmed this gap.
Trend of emerging vector borne diseases in India: way forward
Authors: Bhattacharyya Himashree , Agarwalla Rashmi
Published: May 2022

There has been a drastic change in climate patterns in the recent past, the impact of which can be observed in the rapidly changing trend of many diseases particularly vector borne diseases. India has been endemic for many vector borne diseases namely malaria, filaria and kala azar. Implementation of strict public health measures and calculated strategies under the vector borne disease control program has been successful in controlling these diseases. However, the country is witnessing an emergence and increasing threat of new vector borne diseases in the form of Chikungunya, Nipah virus, Zika virus and others. This article discusses the epidemiological aspects of some important emerging vector borne diseases in the context of changing ecology and transmission pattern along with the public health implications, and way forward for preparedness to combat their further spread.
Biological restorations: an underrated modality of pediatric restorative dentistry
Authors: Kansal Vedant , Rana Vivek , Srivastava Nikhil , Kaushik Noopur
Published: May 2022

Early childhood caries (ECC) is an infectious disease of the primary teeth in children which leads to severe destruction of the teeth and results in damage to their permanent successors if not treated promptly and efficiently. Untreated carious primary teeth not only cause pain and difficulty in chewing but also lead to functional disharmony, development of deleterious habit and can affect the permanent tooth buds. Satisfactory restoration of these teeth, improving esthetics, along with the management of space and function has always been a challenge for pediatric dentist. In an attempt to widen as biologically and conservatively as possible, several authors have suggested the use of tooth fragments or extracted human teeth called as biological restorations as a restorative material to rehabilitate severely destroyed teeth. This technique allows the preservation of sound tooth structure and provides excellent aesthetics and comparable wear resistance with opposing tooth. This paper aims to review the evolution, methods and uses of these biological restorations in pediatric dentistry.
Cytologic diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms including carcinoid tumours- A retrospective study
Authors: Mony Rary P , Lakshmi K  , Sukumaran Renu , Nayak Nileena
Published: May 2022

The classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms has evolved substantially over time but remains a topic of controversy and debate. Cytology has become one of the mainstays of diagnosis for these tumors, and the treatment may be entirely based on the FNA report.

: This is a retrospective study which aims to describe the cytological features found in different groups of Neuroendocrine neoplasms. We have also tried to enumerate the not so typical features which we have seen in our cases.

Cases of Neuroendocrine neoplasms diagnosed by cytology in the year 2018 were included in this study. The slides of these cases were retrieved, cytological features reviewed, and clinicopathological features evaluated. Histopathological correlation was done wherever possible.

In this retrospective study, there were 43 cases which included FNA (n=38), Fluid cytology(n=3), Bronchial washings and Brushings(n=2). FNA sites included lung, cervical lymph nodes, scalp, liver, pancreas, and mesentery with the cytological diagnoses of Small cell carcinoma (n=22) Neuroendocrine tumor (n=7), Large cell Neuroendocrine carcinoma (n=3) and Poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine features (n=11). Features that are of help include scanty cytoplasm, fine or coarse granular chromatin, nuclear moulding and streaking, cells adhering to vessels, inconspicuous nucleoli, nuclear debris in small cell carcinomas; larger cell size, a moderate amount of cytoplasm, coarse granular chromatin in large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas; uniformity of cell size, round to plasmacytoid cells with stippled chromatin and rosette formation in carcinoid tumors.

The identification of neuroendocrine morphology in cytology specimens is crucial as this would be the initial step towards using the appropriate markers for confirmation, which in turn has got therapeutic and prognostic significance.
Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma in an ectopic salivary gland: A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Ahmed Saqib , Ansari Hena A , Rajput Kirti
Published: May 2022

The ectopic Salivary Gland is the presence of salivary tissue in unusual locations which do not normally host it. Moreover, neoplasms arising from these ectopic tissues are very rare, however, tumourigenic changes in these inclusions have been observed in a few cases.

We present a clinically unsuspected case of an ectopic salivary gland tissue present on the mid-neck, which was diagnosed as Small lymphocytic leukaemia outside Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh. On further evaluation, a definitive diagnosis of epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma arising in ectopic salivary gland tissue within the cervical lymph node was made. Therefore, these tumours need to be included in the differential diagnosis of neck masses, for a prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment.
Estimaciones de las tendencias comerciales América Latina y el Caribe - Edición 2022: Actualización 1T
Authors: Giordano Paolo , Michalczewsky Kathia
Published: May 2022

Esta nota presenta las estimaciones de los flujos comerciales internacionales de América Latina y el Caribe para el año 2021 y el primer trimestre de 2022. Las cifras fueron elaboradas por el Sector de Integración y Comercio (INT) del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) en colaboración con su Instituto para la Integración de América Latina y el Caribe (INTAL).
Determination of Peculiarity of Formation and Development of Culture Military Safety Russian Society
Authors:   Balashov institute (branch) of Saratov State University, Vershilov S. A.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of influence of some determinants on peculiarities of formation and development of culture of military safety of the Russian society. The author accounts for spatiotemporal, natural and climatic, spiritual factors. The first of them positively influenced on unity of Russian army and average citizens. It led to strengthening of conscience – everybody understood that military safety was a general problem. The second factor promoted the establishment of steady hostility of gnociological disjunctive between culture of a single individual and collective culture in questions of providing military safety by Russian society. The third factors shows intention to concurrency of the Russians, which leads to understanding of necessity of preventing harm on the side of warlike «neighbours».
Retrospective Analysis of the Phenomenon of Childhood: Social-Philosophical Aspect
Authors:   Saratov State University, Basova N. A.
Published: May 2022

Social and philosophical analysis of childhood in his retrospective dynamics encompasses two fundamental social and philosophical issues — the formation of the individual and the family. The article highlights the results of a study of the phenomenon of childhood using genealogical, psychoanalytic and civilizational approaches. Social and philosophical aspect of the analytics of childhood is presented in the context of social and philosophical understanding of nature: the relations between the elements of nature and the attributes of childhood, the relations between nature and a primitive man that are contained in primitive art as in imitation of nature and as the manifestation of the qualities of childhood are considered in the article. The value of archaic myths and structures of the human psyche in the understanding of the phenomenon of childhood as a distinct set of social and psychological characteristics is examined. And the universal essence of the phenomenon of childhood, which is expressed in the unity and diversity of the characteristics of the child as a primary integrity of organic and social is detected.
Identifying the Components of the Tendency to Smoke in Young People from the Experts’ Perspective: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Habibi Youssef , Kalantar Hormozi Atousa , Farahbakhsh Qiumars , Salimi Bajestani Hossein , Asgari Mohammad
Published: May 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the components of smoking tendency in youth from the perspective of addiction and smoking experts. Methods: in this study, a qualitative approach and thematic analysis method were used. Participants included experts in the fields of addictions and smoking and smokers (therapists, researchers, professors and teachers) in 1399 who were selected using purposive sampling. Sampling was done using interview tools (semi-structured) in order to receive the data until the saturation point and then the collected information was analyzed by coding method (main and secondary). Findings: The analysis of the research findings led to the extraction of 85 primary concepts, 38 subcategories and 15 main categories, according to which, the main categories of smoking tendency in youth were: 1. The effective role of relatives in consumption, 2. Inefficient atmosphere of the family predisposing to consumption, 3. Motivation of peer groups in consumption, 4. Media coverage of smoking, 5. Influence of famous personalities, 6. Facilitating society in consumption, 7. Favorable consumption conditions in public recreation area, 8. Easy access to cigarettes, 9. Cognitive distortions about smoking, 10. Inefficient psychological causes, 11. Reverse reaction to superficial inhibitors in consumption, 12. Weak adaptive skills, 13. Consideration of behavioral attractiveness, 14. Media’s superficial portrayal of the harms of consumption, and 15. Recreational consumption. Finally, the combination of the main categories led to the extraction of two core themes, including the interpersonal components, the extra-personal component, and the intrapersonal components of the tendency to smoke in youth. Conclusions: The present study showed that youth are affected by interpersonal and extra-personal factors such as the media, family, society and the atmosphere of peers with common interests or intrapersonal dimensions like psychological disorders, famous characters in movies, or skill weaknesses are more likely to tend to smoke and continue smoking.
Comparing the Dimensions of Marital Intimacy, Commitment, and Satisfaction in Couples With and Without Pre-Marriage Counseling Experience
Authors: Tabkhi Fariba , Falah Zade Hajar , Nazarboland Neda
Published: May 2022

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the dimensions of intimacy, commitment, and marital satisfaction in couples with and without pre-marrital counseling. Methods: The present study is a causal-comparative study, and the statistical population includes two groups of married people in Tehran between 2018-2019, one of which had experienced premarital counseling while the other group did not have this experience. The sample consisted of two groups of married people using available and convenient sampling method which consisted of total of 60 couples. Three questionnaires of intimacy, commitment and marital satisfaction were applied. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics indices and the mixed variance analysis method using SPSS software. Results: Findings showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups regarding the dimensions of marital intimacy in the dimension of psychological intimacy. And comparing the dimensions of marital commitment in the two groups showed that there is a significant difference in the dimension of personal commitment. Comparison of the dimensions of marital satisfaction showed that the counseling group in the dimension of children and parenting was significantly higher than in the counseling group. Conclusion: Therefore, it seems that pre-marital counseling programs need training and interventions in order to promote intimacy, commitment, and marital satisfaction.
Comparison of Attitude and Tendency Toward Pre-Marital Relationship, Irrational Beliefs, and Self-Inhibition of Male and Female Students
Authors: Sheykh Sajjad , Khosh Konesh Abolghasem , Ebrahim Poor Taghi , Pourdel Mojgan
Published: May 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare attitudes and tendencies towards premarital relationships and irrational beliefs with self-restraint in male and female students. Methods: The research method was descriptive causal-comparative. The statistical population consisted of all students of Shahid Beheshti University in 2015-2016, from which 365 people (170 boys and 195 girls) were selected as a sample by stratified random sampling method. Tools for data collection included the following questionnaires: Irrational Beliefs (Jones, 1980), Premarital Relationship (Cordlow, 2001), and the Self-Determent Questionnaire (Weinberger and Schwartz, 1990). Results: Data analysis by independent t-test showed that there is a significant difference between attitudes and tendencies towards premarital relationship, irrational beliefs and self-restraint in male and female students (P<0.01). Conclusion: The results showed that gender is a factor influencing attitudes and tendencies towards premarital relationships, irrational beliefs and self-restraint. As such, males had greater attitudes and tendencies toward premarital relationships, and lower irrational and slef-restrait, compared with female students.
The Effectiveness of Combined Couple Therapy based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Schema Therapy on Cognitive Flexibility and Cognitive Emotion-Regulation in Couples Seeking Divorce
Authors: Mohammadi Tileh Noii Somayeh , Rahmani Mohammad Ali , Ghorban Shirudi Shohreh
Published: May 2022

Aim: The occurrence of marital disputes seriously damages the psychological and emotional components. The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of couples therapy based on acceptance and commitment and schema-therapy on flexibility, cognitive emotion-regulation in couples seeking divorce. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental design (pre-test-post-test with control group). The statistical population included all couples applying for divorce who were referred by the Behshahr justice system to the counseling centers as part of the divorce reduction program in the second half of 1398. In this clinical trial, 32 people (16 couples seeking divorce) were selected through convenient sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 16 people. The experimental group was trained in integrated couple therapy protocol based on acceptance, commitment and schema therapy (Liu and McKee, 2012) in fourteen 90-minute sessions as a group. Research tools included the Dennis and Vanderwall Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (2010) and the Cognitive Emotion Cognitive Regulation Questionnaire (2001). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Findings: The results showed that combined couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment and schema-therapy is effective in improving cognitive flexibility, and cognitive emotion-regulation in couples seeking divorce in the post-test phase (P <0.05). Also, combined couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment and schema therapy is effective in improving the components of avoiding emotional experiences, life control, adaptive strategy and unadaptive strategy of couples seeking divorce (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it is possible to increase cognitive flexibility and cognitive emotion-regulation in couples seeking divorce through integrated group ACT-based couple therapy and schema-therapy.
Factores determinantes de la competitividad y sostenibilidad de las empresas del sector agrícola en Santander
Authors: Rueda Barrios Gladys Elena , González Bueno Jairo Alexander , Luzardo Briceño Marianela
Published: May 2022

El presente trabajo analiza los factores asociados con la estructura empresarial, la productividad y la innovación relacionados con la competitividad y sostenibilidad del sector agrícola en Santander, Colombia. La metodología aplicada en el estudio es de tipo cuantitativo, con un alcance descriptivo, exploratorio y correlacional, y un diseño de corte no experimental, a partir de la aplicación de una encuesta que caracterizó las variables generales, independientes y dependientes del modelo propuesto en una muestra de 70 empresas agrícolas que representan las provincias de Santander, y el análisis de información financiera registrada en la Cámara de Comercio de Bucaramanga. El tratamiento y análisis de datos se hizo a través de estadística descriptiva e inferencial (factorial, correlaciones bivariadas y regresión lineal). Los resultados del estudio comprueban la hipótesis general de la investigación que indica una relación positiva entre todas las variables del modelo
When Do Learners Study?
Authors: Sher Varshita , Hatala Marek , Gašević Dragan
Published: May 2022

Recent advances in smart devices and online technologies have facilitated the emergence of ubiquitous learning environments for participating in different learning activities. This poses an interesting question about modality access, i.e., what students are using each platform for and at what time of day. In this paper, we present a log-based exploratory study on learning management system (LMS) use comparing three different modalities—computer, mobile, and tablet—based on the aspect of time. Our objective is to better understand how and to what extent learning sessions via mobiles and tablets occur at different times throughout the day compared to computer sessions. The complexity of the question is further intensified because learners rarely use a single modality for their learning activities but rather prefer a combination of two or more. Thus, we check the associations between patterns of modality usage and time of day as opposed to the counts of modality usage and time of day. The results indicate that computer-dominant learners are similar to limited-computer learners in terms of their session-time distribution, while intensive learners show completely different patterns. For all students, sessions on mobile devices are more frequent in the afternoon, while the proportion of computer sessions was higher at night. On comparison of these time-of-day preferences with respect to modalities on weekdays and weekends, they were found consistent for computer-dominant and limited-computer learners only. We demonstrate the implication of this research for enhancing contextual profiling and subsequently improving the personalization of learning systems such that personalized notification systems can be integrated with LMSs to deliver notifications to students at appropriate times.
Age and Sex Affect Carcass Traits and Meat Quality in Malpura Sheep
Authors: Meel Shrawan Kumar , Pandey Anurag , Gadekar Y.P. , Soni Arvind , Meena Priyanka , Gurjar Asman Singh , Chauhan Vilshan Kumar
Published: May 2022

Background: Small ruminants play a vital role in livelihood and nutritional security in India. The sheep population in the country is showing positive growth. Malpura sheep from the semi-arid region of India is an important mutton purpose breed. Methods: Twenty-four animals viz., ram lamb (G-Rl), ewe lamb (G-El) (10-12 months each), ram (G-Ra) and ewe (G-Ea) (20-24 months each) were slaughtered to assess carcass traits and meat quality. Result: The average pre-slaughter weight and dressing yield on an empty live weight basis for G-Rl, G-El, G-Ra and G-Ea groups were 23.83, 17.00, 35.82 and 28.08 kg; 52.35, 51.26, 53.70 and 52.93% respectively. The loin eye area (cm2) differed significantly. The weights of edible and inedible offals were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in males in the same age group. The average lean content in different cut-up parts was higher (P less than 0.05) in G-3(G-Ra). The shear force values and other meat quality attributes were significantly different among the groups. It is concluded that age and sex had a significant effect on carcass traits and meat quality in Malpura sheep.
Effects of Different Protein Levels on Fattening Performance and Meat Parameters in Merino Lambs
Authors: Raducuta Ion , Marin Monica , Custura Ioan , Maftei Marius
Published: May 2022

Background: A correct supply of protein in the feed diets is required for the efficient conversion of feed and better fattening performances in lambs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the increase in the protein level of the diets by approx. 20% on fattening performance and meat parameters in Merino lambs. Methods: The study was performed during the year 2020. Forty-two lambs (aged 2.5-3 months) were divided randomly into three groups (14 lambs/group). The groups were fed with diets of compound feed and corn silage differentiated by the level of protein. All diets were isoenergetic. The experiment has lasted for 68 days. Result: The results of this study showed that the protein supplementation of diets by approx. 20% determined an increase in the average daily gain (P less than 0.05) in the first phase of fattening and an improvement in dry matter and protein consumption when the protein supplementation was done only in the first phase of fattening in Merino lambs. Also, the findings of this study indicated that this increase in protein level affected carcass quality and led to higher proportion of muscles and significantly lower fat in the carcass.