bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of nurse-led volunteer support and technology-driven pain assessment in improving the outcomes of hospitalised older adults: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Saunders Rosemary , Crookes Kate , Seaman Karla , Ang Seng Giap Marcus , Bulsara Caroline , Bulsara Max K , Ewens Beverley , Gallagher Olivia , Graham Renee M , Gullick Karen , Haydon Sue , Hughes Jeff , Atee Mustafa , Nguyen Kim-Huong , O'Connell Bev , Scaini Debra , Etherton-Beer Christopher
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Hospitalised older adults are prone to functional deterioration, which is more evident in frail older patients and can be further exacerbated by pain. Two interventions that have the potential to prevent progression of frailty and improve patient outcomes in hospitalised older adults but have yet to be subject to clinical trials are nurse-led volunteer support and technology-driven assessment of pain.

Methods and analysis

This single-centre, prospective, non-blinded, cluster randomised controlled trial will compare the efficacy of nurse-led volunteer support, technology-driven pain assessment and the combination of the two interventions to usual care for hospitalised older adults. Prior to commencing recruitment, the intervention and control conditions will be randomised across four wards. Recruitment will continue for 12 months. Data will be collected on admission, at discharge and at 30 days post discharge, with additional data collected during hospitalisation comprising records of pain assessment and volunteer support activity. The primary outcome of this study will be the change in frailty between both admission and discharge, and admission and 30 days, and secondary outcomes include length of stay, adverse events, discharge destination, quality of life, depression, cognitive function, functional independence, pain scores, pain management intervention (type and frequency) and unplanned 30-day readmissions. Stakeholder evaluation and an economic analysis of the interventions will also be conducted.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been granted by Human Research Ethics Committees at Ramsay Health Care WA|SA (number: 2057) and Edith Cowan University (number: 2021-02210-SAUNDERS). The findings will be disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed publications and social media.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12620001173987.
Feasibility of a pharmacist-led physical health monitoring for patients on antipsychotic medications: protocol for a longitudinal study
Authors: Bui Tien Ngoc Thi , Hotham Elizabeth , Kelly Fiona , Suppiah Vijayaprakash
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Physical health conditions are the leading causes of death in people living with severe mental illness. In particular, the risk of metabolic syndrome; the constellation of abnormalities in weight, blood pressure, blood glucose and lipid levels, is high in this cohort. It has been recognised that commonly prescribed pharmacological agents for mental illness can further amplify the risk of developing metabolic syndrome; therefore, monitoring guidelines are in place for consumers prescribed antipsychotics. However, there is a disconnect between recommended guidelines and current practice. Our study aims to investigate: (1) the feasibility of a community pharmacist-led physical health monitoring for metabolic parameters in consumers with mental illness currently taking second generation antipsychotics and (2) the potential outcomes of the intervention (eg, rates and outcome of referrals to general practitioners, relationship between the pharmacist’s lifestyle counselling advice and change in metabolic parameters).

Methods and analysis

We propose a longitudinal metabolic monitoring study led by community pharmacists with one-to-one consultations between trained pharmacists and participants at set intervals over a 12-month period. Our primary outcome is to determine the feasibility of the pharmacist-led intervention. The secondary outcome is to explore the overall health outcomes of consumers enrolled in the intervention. This is a mixed-methods study including both quantitative and qualitative outcomes. Qualitative data will be analysed via the process of data immersion, coding and identification of themes. Quantitative outcomes will be analysed using IBM Statistics SPSS software. Univariate descriptive, regression analysis and dependent t-tests will be performed. Statistical significance will be at α 0.05.

Ethics and dissemination

Our study has been approved by the institutional Human Research Ethics Committee (Protocol no: 203433). Findings will be made publicly available in peer-reviewed articles, conference presentations to health professionals, as well as other stakeholders. Protocol V.2.1, August 2021.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12621001435875.
Systematic development of quality indicators for skin cancer management in primary care: a mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Laginha Bela Ines , Rapport Frances , Smith Andrea , Wilkinson David , Cust Anne E , Braithwaite Jeffrey
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Australia has the highest incidence of skin cancer in the world, with two out of three Australians expected to be diagnosed with skin cancer in their lifetime. Such incidence necessitates large-scale, effective skin cancer management practices. General practitioners (in mainstream practice and in skin cancer clinics) play an important role in skin cancer care provision, making decisions based on relevant evidence-based guidelines, protocols, experience and training. Diversity in these decision-making practices can result in unwarranted variation. Quality indicators are frequently implemented in healthcare contexts to measure performance quality at the level of the clinician and healthcare practice and mitigate unwarranted variation. Such measurements can facilitate performance comparisons between peers and a standard benchmark, often resulting in improved processes and outcomes. A standardised set of quality indicators is yet to be developed in the context of primary care skin cancer management.

Aims

This research aims to identify, develop and generate expert consensus on a core set of quality indicators for skin cancer management in primary care.

Methods

This mixed-methods study involves (1) a scoping review of the available evidence on quality indicators in skin cancer management in primary care, (2) identification and development of a core set of quality indicators through interviews/qualitative proforma surveys with participants, and (3) a focus group involving discussion of quality indicators according to Nominal Group Technique. Qualitative and quantitative data will be collected and analysed using thematic and descriptive statistical analytical methods.

Ethics and dissemination

Approval was granted by the university’s Research Ethics Committee (HREC no. 520211051532420). Results from this study will be widely disseminated in publications, study presentations, educational events and reports.
Kyoto international consensus report on anatomy, pathophysiology and clinical significance of the gastro-oesophageal junction
Authors: Sugano Kentaro , Spechler Stuart Jon , El-Omar Emad M , McColl Kenneth E L , Takubo Kaiyo , Gotoda Takuji , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Iijima Katsunori , Inoue Haruhiro , Kawai Takashi , Kinoshita Yoshikazu , Miwa Hiroto , Mukaisho Ken-ichi , Murakami Kazunari , Seto Yasuyuki , Tajiri Hisao , Bhatia Shobna , Choi Myung-Gyu , Fitzgerald Rebecca C , Fock Kwong Ming , Goh Khean-Lee , Ho Khek Yu , Mahachai Varocha , O'Donovan Maria , Odze Robert , Peek Richard , Rugge Massimo , Sharma Prateek , Sollano Jose D , Vieth Michael , Wu Justin , Wu Ming-Shiang , Zou Duowu , Kaminishi Michio , Malfertheiner Peter
Published: June 2022

Objective

An international meeting was organised to develop consensus on (1) the landmarks to define the gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ), (2) the occurrence and pathophysiological significance of the cardiac gland, (3) the definition of the gastro-oesophageal junctional zone (GOJZ) and (4) the causes of inflammation, metaplasia and neoplasia occurring in the GOJZ.

Design

Clinical questions relevant to the afore-mentioned major issues were drafted for which expert panels formulated relevant statements and textural explanations.

A Delphi method using an anonymous system was employed to develop the consensus, the level of which was predefined as ≥80% of agreement. Two rounds of voting and amendments were completed before the meeting at which clinical questions and consensus were finalised.

Results

Twenty eight clinical questions and statements were finalised after extensive amendments. Critical consensus was achieved: (1) definition for the GOJ, (2) definition of the GOJZ spanning 1 cm proximal and distal to the GOJ as defined by the end of palisade vessels was accepted based on the anatomical distribution of cardiac type gland, (3) chemical and bacterial (Helicobacter pylori) factors as the primary causes of inflammation, metaplasia and neoplasia occurring in the GOJZ, (4) a new definition of Barrett’s oesophagus (BO).

Conclusions

This international consensus on the new definitions of BO, GOJ and the GOJZ will be instrumental in future studies aiming to resolve many issues on this important anatomic area and hopefully will lead to better classification and management of the diseases surrounding the GOJ.
Comparing the Effects of Twice-Daily Exenatide and Insulin on Renal Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Jie , Xian Tong-Zhang , Wu Ming-Xiao , Li Chen , Wang Weihao , Man Fuli , Zhang Xianbo , Wang Xiaoxia , Pan Qi , Guo Lixin
Published: June 2022

This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on the effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists exenatide and insulin aspartate 30 injection on carotid intima-media thickness. Here, we report the renal outcomes of the intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Data from the RCT study was used to evaluate the effect of exenatide or insulin given for 52 weeks on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with T2DM. The primary end point was the change in the eGFR from baseline between the exenatide and insulin groups in normal versus overweight patients and patients with obesity. The secondary end point was the correlation between change in eGFR and oxidative stress, glycemic control, and dyslipidemia. There was a significant difference in eGFR between the insulin and exenatide groups at 52 weeks (p=0.0135). Within the insulin group, the eGFR remained below baseline at 52 weeks in all patients, and there was an increase in body weight in the normal group compared with the overweight patients and patients with obesity. The opposite was observed in the exenatide group. A decrease in body weight was prominent in the exenatide group at 52 weeks (p<0.05), the eGFR was below baseline in overweight patients and patients with obesity and significantly above baseline in the normal group (p<0.05). The eGFR was positively correlated to 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine in the insulin group (p<0.05) but not the exenatide group. It can be concluded that compared with insulin, exenatide may improve renal function in overweight patients and patients with obesity more than in normal-weight patients with T2DM, but a further RCT is needed to confirm this effect.
Regulating abortion after ectogestation
Authors: Räsänen Joona
Published: June 2022

A few decades from now, it might become possible to gestate fetuses in artificial wombs. Ectogestation as this is called, raises major legal and ethical issues, especially for abortion rights. In countries allowing abortion, regulation often revolves around the viability threshold—the point in fetal development after which the fetus can survive outside the womb. How should viability be understood—and abortion thus regulated—after ectogestation? Should we ban, allow or require the use of artificial wombs as an alternative to standard abortions? Drawing on Cohen, I evaluate three possible positions for the post-ectogestative abortion laws: restrictive, conservative and liberal. While the restrictive position appears untenable, I argue that the liberal and conservative positions can be combined to form a legally and morally coherent basis for post-ectogestative abortion legislation, offering an improvement from the point of both prolife and prochoice positions.
Use of two novel trailer types for transportation of pigs to slaughter. II. Effects on trailer microclimate, pig behaviour, physiological response, and meat quality under Canadian winter conditions
Authors: Moak Kyle A.T. , Bergeron Renée , Conte Sabine , Bohrer Benjamin M. , Ferreira Guilherme Agostini , Vero Jessica Gonçalves , Aboagye Gizella , Arrazola Aitor , Devillers Nicolas , Faucitano Luigi
Published: June 2022

In total, 3654 market pigs were transported to slaughter in winter (six replicates/treatment; January–February in southwestern Ontario) using three trailers: a modified triple-deck pot-belly (MPB), an advanced flat-deck (AFD) trailer, and a standard pot-belly (SPB). Within trailers, ambient conditions, temperature (T °C), relative humidity (RH%), and temperature humidity index (THI) were monitored in three compartments (bottom front (BF), middle middle deck (MM), and top rear (TR)). In total, 162 pigs were selected for the analysis of hematocrit, lactate, and creatine kinase (CK) levels in exsanguination blood and for the evaluation of pork quality as assessed in the longissimus (LM), semimembranosus (SM), and adductor (AD) muscles. The SPB trailer overall was approximately 2.5 °C warmer ( P = 0.01) compared to the MPB and AFD trailers while stationary at the farm. No differences ( P > 0.10) in blood variables were found between trailers. The pHu value of the SM muscle was greater ( P = 0.05) for pigs transported in the SPB trailer than in the AFD and MPB trailers. Given the few substantial effects of trailer models on animal welfare and meat quality, these three trailer models can be used indifferently for short-distance transportation in winter conditions in Canada.
Sapling growth dynamics after partial cutting in temperate mixedwood stands
Authors: Power Hugues , Auger Isabelle , Guillemette François , Raymond Patricia , Dumais Daniel
Published: June 2022

The temperate mixedwood forests of eastern North America have been managed by partial cutting for several decades. To ensure that regeneration contributes to replacing the commercial-size stems that are removed by partial cutting, forest managers need to anticipate how saplings (i.e., regenerating trees with a diameter at breast height >1.0 cm) develop in terms of number and diameter. Using up to 20 years of monitoring data from three study sites, we developed a transition matrix model to predict the future number of saplings and their diameter distribution for mixed yellow birch ( Betula alleghaniensis Britton) – conifer stands. Our results show that partial cutting allowed yellow birch, red maple ( Acer rubrum L.), red spruce ( Picea rubens Sarg.), and balsam fir ( Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) saplings to reach merchantable size faster and in greater numbers than in untreated control plots. We also found that fewer hardwood saplings (yellow birch and red maple) than softwood saplings (red spruce and balsam fir) were required to produce 1 m2·ha−1 of merchantable basal area after 20–40 years. Finally, our model provides a tool for forest managers to predict sapling development in mixed hardwood and softwood stands over a full cutting cycle.
Increased leaf area compensated photosynthetic downregulation in response to elevated CO2 and warming in white birch
Authors: Wang Lei , Zheng Jinping , Wang Gerong , Dang Qing-Lai
Published: June 2022

Predicting photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2 and warming is difficult because they have opposite effects. We investigated physiological and morphological responses in white birch ( Betula papyrifera Marshall) to a combination of CO2 and temperature (ACT — 400 µmol·mol–1 CO2, current temperature; ECT — 750 µmol·mol–1 CO2, current + 4 °C temperature). ECT reduced photosynthesis, maximum Rubisco carboxylation ( Vcmax), maximum electron transport rate ( Jmax), photorespiration, daytime respiration, leaf N, and stomatal and mesophyll conductance, but increased biomass, height, total leaf area, electron partitioning to carboxylation and oxygenation ratio, and CO2 compensation point. The photosynthetic acclimation is consistent with the optimal carbon gain theory (carbon gain drives the coordination of carboxylation, electron transport, and respiration). While the photosynthetic acclimation was similar to acclimation to elevated CO2, ECT reduced Jmax/ Vcmax, which is consistent with the response to warming but opposite to the response to elevated CO2, suggesting that thermal acclimation may be the primary mechanism of photosynthetic acclimation to ECT and ECT probably altered N allocation between machinery for carboxylation and that for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration. The increase in total leaf area by ECT more than offset the negative effect of photosynthetic downregulation on carbon sequestration, resulting in faster growth and greater biomass under ECT.
Symbolic computation of lump solutions to a combined (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation
Authors: He Jingwei , Ma Wen-Xiu
Published: June 2022

This paper aims to consider a [Formula: see text]-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation and its lump solutions. By using symbolic computation, two classes of lump solutions are presented. For two specific chosen examples, we will show three-dimensional plots and density plots to exhibit dynamical features of the lump solution, which are made by Maple plot tools.
Predicting Cyberattacks with Destination Port Through Various Input Feature Scenario
Authors: Zuech Richard , Hancock John , Khoshgoftaar Taghi M.
Published: June 2022

When analyzing cybersecurity datasets with machine learning, researchers commonly need to consider whether or not to include Destination Port as an input feature. We assess the impact of Destination Port as a predictive feature by building predictive models with three different input feature sets and four combinations of web attacks from the CSE-CIC-IDS2018 dataset. First, we use Destination Port as the only (single) input feature to our models. Second, all features (from CSE-CIC-IDS2018) are used without Destination Port to build the models. Third, all features plus (including) Destination Port are used to train and test the models. All three of these feature sets obtain respectable classification results in detecting web attacks with LightGBM and CatBoost classifiers in terms of Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) scores, with AUC scores exceeding 0.90 for all scenarios. We observe the best classification performance scores when Destination Port is combined with all of the other CSE-CIC-IDS2018 features. Although, classification performance is still respectable when only using Destination Port as the only (single) input feature. Additionally, we validate that Botnet attacks also have respectable AUC with Destination Port as the only input feature to our models. This highlights that practitioners must be mindful of whether or not to include Destination Port as an input feature if it experiences lopsided label distributions as we clearly identify in this study. Our brief survey of existing CSE-CIC-IDS2018 literature also discovered that many studies incorrectly treat Destination Port as a numerical input feature with machine learning models. Destination Port should be treated as a categorical input value to machine learning models, as its values do not represent numerical values which can be used in mathematical equations for the models.
NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF A RIB IMPLANT USING AN ARTIFICIAL RIB
Authors: RAMIREZ O. , TORRES-SANMIGUEL C. R. , CECCARELLI M. , URRIOLAGOITIA-CALDERÓN G. M.
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a numerical and experimental evaluation of a new osteosynthesis rib implant. The reported cases are studied using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to compute the implant’s surface strain. The implant was placed to a human morphological rib manufactured in polylactic acid (PLA) by 3D printing. Experimental studies are carried out with a strain gage stuck on the implant’s surface and tested by using a testing machine called Testing Machine for Artificial Rib Impact (TEMARI). The machine was used to emulate the compression force that performs in the chest during deep breathing on humans. The results from numerical analysis and the experimental test show a variation of 4.9% in the compression displacement of the rib, 6.1% in the strain of the left surface of the rib, 1.6% for the strain of the right surface of the rib, and finally 3.1% for the strain in the middle surface of the implant.
UAV Cooperative Air Combat Maneuvering Confrontation Based on Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Gong Zihao , Xu Yang , Luo Delin
Published: June 2022

Focusing on the problem of multi-UAV cooperative air combat decision-making, a multi-UAV cooperative maneuvering decision-making approach is proposed based on multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MARL) theory. First, the multi-UAV cooperative short-range air combat environment is established. Then, by combining the value-decomposition networks (VDNs) deep reinforcement learning theory with the embedded expert collaborative air combat experience reward function, an air combat cooperative strategy framework is proposed based on the networked decentralized partially observable Markov decision process (NDec-POMDP). The air combat maneuvering strategy is then optimized to improve the cooperative degree between UAVs in cooperative combat scenarios. Finally, multi-UAV cooperative air combat simulations are carried out and the results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed cooperative air combat decision-making framework and method.
Modeling and Analysis of Heat Generation Rate of a Large Format Pouch-Type Lithium-Ion Battery Considering Degradation
Authors: Song Minseok , Hu Yang , Choe Song-Yul , Garrick Taylor R.
Published: June 2022

The optimal design of a thermal management system is the most crucial factor that requires accurate knowledge of heat generated from the battery during its lifetime. Accordingly, the system design and control should consider the increased heat over the useful life. In this paper, an accurate thermal model considering degradation is developed based on an electrochemical model. The detailed heat sources are determined using internal variables of the electrochemical model and relevant model parameters are updated as the cycling continues and degradation takes place. The model is experimentally validated using a newly developed calorimeter that can accurately control the temperature and measure the heat generation rate of the battery. The validation results have shown that the model can accurately predict both voltage and heat generation rate over the lifetime of the battery up to 25% of capacity fade. Further analysis using the validated model has been conducted to compare the effect of degradation-related parameters on the heat generation, which reveals that the most dominant parameters affecting the heat generation are volume fraction of electrolyte, contact resistance, and capacity. In addition, a breakdown analysis enables to study change of the detailed heat source terms as a function of cycle number.
Non-Invasive Measurement of Humidity Distribution in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFCs): Part I. In Situ Proof of Concept
Authors: Schuller A. , Schmidt T. J. , Eller J.
Published: June 2022

A non-invasive method to determine the local relative humidity (RH) and local high frequency resistance (HFR) distribution from inlet to outlet of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) is presented. The method uses a plurality of electrodes attached to the outer flow field surface to inject alternating currents and measure the resulting voltage amplitudes at the flow fields’ surface. Since the measured voltage amplitudes, are highly dependent on the actual electrode positioning on the flow field boundaries, they are interpreted by interpolation between reference measurements at homogeneous relative humidity conditions and known overall cell impedance. The method is implemented experimentally using alternating current injections at a frequency of 1 kHz at well-defined asymmetric in situ N2/N2 conditions on a 200-cm2 cell in a 6-cell short-stack. The comparison between the RH distribution and the outlet RH sensor data yields a very good match. The same can be said when comparing the HFR distribution and the global cell HFR. Finally, the sensitivity of the method is tested by varying the mass flow rate with asymmetrical RH conditions. The results are highly reproducible in all the tested conditions.
Electrochemical Biosensor for Rapid Detection of Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Zolti Or , Suganthan Baviththira , Maynard Ryan , Asadi Hamid , Locklin Jason , Ramasamy Ramaraja P.
Published: June 2022

Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a common foodborne pathogen that has been responsible for many foodborne illness outbreaks in recent years. Currently, Listeria contamination in food products is identified only through molecular tests conducted in diagnostic laboratories. No established phage based diagnostic methods for L. monocytogenes during food production or processing are used. Here we report a potentially disruptive rapid diagnostic method based on electrochemical biosensing principles that use bacteriophages as bioreceptors for selective identification and quantification of L. monocytogenes. Electrochemical biosensors are good alternatives to molecular detection methods due to their ease of use, high specificity, sensitivity, and low cost. Bacteriophages can serve as excellent biorecognition elements in biosensors due to their robust stability in a range of environmental conditions and their ability to distinguish between live and dead bacterial cells. The impedimetric biosensing platform for L. monocytogenes detection was developed by immobilizing P100 bacteriophage onto quarternized polyethylenimine modified carbon nanotubes using an in-house developed molecular tethering method. The resulting sensor showed high selectivity and sensitivity toward L. monocytogenes with a limit of detection of 8.4 CFU/ml. Initial results demonstrate that the biosensing platform is highly reliable in its selectivity towards its target analyte, L. monocytogenes.
DENSE: DiElectric Novel Soil Evaluation System to Electrochemically Profile Soil Matrices
Authors: Dhamu Vikram Narayanan , Paul Anirban , Muthukumar Sriram , Prasad Shalini
Published: June 2022

Soil health and quality monitoring in the near past has been highly qualitative and speculative with more recent advancements still trying to fill the void of a holistic soil profile. In this work, an electrochemical approach has been proposed to build a unique quantitative model—“DENSE” that probes the soil diffuse double layer (DDL) dielectric to evaluate a thorough interfacial profile of the soil matrix. Room Temperature Ionic Liquid (RTIL) thin film was employed to modify the electrode probe to leverage as an effective transducer for a system driven by electrostatic interactions and charged diffusive behavior. The soil is surveyed based on fundamental understandings of electrochemistry and thereby obtaining equivalent metrics using chronoamperometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronocoulometry modalities to determine interfacial characteristics at the soil-water double layer. Capacitive dominant nature is exhibited in more coarse-drier soils similar to a case of non-faradaic electrochemical characteristics while the presence of water in the composite system seems to induce a slightly more charge transfer behavior indicative of mobile electrochemically active species. This gives a fundamental discernibility between the soil physico-chemical state corresponding to the output that is modelled using an impedemetric circuit fit and serves as a soil dielectric probing mechanism.
Ionic Transport and Charge Distribution in Miniaturized Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices by Modeling Investigation
Authors: Dufil Yannick , Favier Frederic , Brousse Thierry , Lethien Christophe , Le Bideau Jean , Fontaine Olivier
Published: June 2022

Ions are at the core of the mechanism involved in electrochemical energy storage. However, it remains difficult to physically measure the local ionic transport inside working devices. Limiting factors in the local transport in Miniaturized Electrochemical Energy Storage (MEES), especially in 3D Li-ion microbatteries, are investigated using finite element modeling with COMSOL Multiphysics®. This work aims to lay the basements for establishing a relationship between the main limiting factors of Li-ion microbatteries, to provide the critical points for designing the efficient microstructures. Contrary to what was reported in the literature, we demonstrate that the electronic conductivity of the electrodes does not play such a significant role in limiting the performance of a Li-ion microbattery. We show that the main limiting factor is the ionic diffusion inside the electrode, and also the geometry and charge applied to the battery (Crate) which are closely related to ionic diffusion in the electrode.
Barium Titanate Nanocubes as a Dual Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of Dopamine and Acetaminophen
Authors: Ali Mohd , Sharma Surbhi , Singh Renuka , Sharma Keshav , Majhi Shukla , Guin Debanjan , Tripathi Chandra Shekhar Pati
Published: June 2022

In the present work, we report on the development of a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for the rapid detection of dopamine, and acetaminophen molecules based on barium titanate nanocubes deposited on a glassy carbon electrode. The as-synthesized barium titanate nanocubes were characterized using X-ray diffraction measurements, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The electrochemical performances of the as synthesised nanomaterials were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. A linear response was exhibited by the modified electrode for both dopamine, and acetaminophen in the range 10–100 μM, and the detection limit (S/N=3) was calculated to be 0.35 μM, 0.23 μM respectively. Under the optimised conditions, highly stable, sensitive, selective, and reproducible performances were exhibited by the electrochemical sensor. Furthermore, the as developed sensor also showed acceptable recoveries for the analysis of real samples.
Methods—Kintsugi Imaging of Battery Electrodes: Distinguishing Pores from the Carbon Binder Domain using Pt Deposition
Authors: Cooper Samuel J. , Roberts Scott A. , Liu Zhao , Winiarski Bartłomiej
Published: June 2022

The mesostructure of porous electrodes used in lithium-ion batteries strongly influences cell performance. Accurate imaging of the distribution of phases in these electrodes would allow this relationship to be better understood through simulation. However, imaging the nanoscale features in these components is challenging. While scanning electron microscopy is able to achieve the required resolution, it has well established difficulties imaging porous media. This is because the flat imaging planes prepared using focused ion beam milling will intersect with the pores, which makes the images hard to interpret as the inside walls of the pores are observed. It is common to infiltrate porous media with resin prior to imaging to help resolve this issue, but both the nanoscale porosity and the chemical similarity of the resins to the battery materials undermine the utility of this approach for most electrodes. In this study, a technique is demonstrated which uses in situ infiltration of platinum to fill the pores and thus enhance their contrast during imaging. Reminiscent of the Japanese art of repairing cracked ceramics with precious metals, this technique is referred to as the kintsugi method. The images resulting from applying this technique to a conventional porous cathode are presented and then segmented using a multi-channel convolutional method. We show that while some cracks in active material particles were empty, others appear to be filled (perhaps with the carbon binder phase), which will have implications for the rate performance of the cell. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to validate the distribution of phases resulting from image analysis, which also suggested a graded distribution of the binder relative to the carbon additive. The equipment required to use the kintsugi method is commonly available in major research facilities and so we hope that this method will be rapidly adopted to improve the imaging of electrode materials and porous media in general.
Study of the Influence of Clay Minerals on the Mechanical and Percolation Properties of Weakly Cemented Rocks
Authors: Guo Shiru , Pu Hai , Yang Mengsen , Liu Ding , Sha Ziheng , Xu Junce
Published: June 2022

The weakly cemented rock layer is easily damaged under the combined effect of seepage and mining disturbance and creates massive engineering disasters. This paper uses the self-designed weakly cemented remodeling mechanism to prepare weakly cemented rock samples with clay minerals accounting for 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% of the total. The MTS816 system, in conjunction with an acoustic emission system and a high-speed camera, completed mechanical and seepage tests on the sample. The results show that when the quantity of clay minerals increases, the uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, and rapid crack propagation stress of the weakly cemented rock samples decrease. Initial stress of crack development increases and then decreases, as well as the sample’s failure mode changes from shear to tensile. The sample’s permeability increases with increasing osmotic and axial pressure differential but decreases with increasing confining pressure under the same amount of clay minerals. The sensitivity of permeability to changes in osmotic pressure differential, axial pressure, and confining pressure increases as the amount of clay minerals increases. The mechanical and seepage characteristics can show significant changes in clay minerals in 20% to 30%.
Aqueous Humor Analyses in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy Who Had Undergone Panretinal Photocoagulation
Authors: Kwon Jin-woo , Oh Jusang
Published: June 2022

Purpose. To determine the associations between aqueous humor cytokine levels and the severity of diabetic retinopathy and the prior panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) status of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods. We divided 98 DME patients into those with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and PRP patients. We compared the concentrations of interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17; placental growth factor (PlGF); and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the aqueous humors. We subclassified PRP patients by the interval between PRP and aqueous sampling and analyzed the associations between aqueous cytokine levels and this interval. Results. The aqueous humor levels of IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, and PlGF were significantly higher in the PDR group than in the NPDR group. The PlGF and VEGF levels in the PDR group were significantly higher than those in the PRP group. On PRP subgroup analyses, patients who had undergone PRP within 6 months prior exhibited higher levels of VEGF, PlGF, and TNF-α than did those who had undergone PRP more than 12 months prior. The TNF-α level of the PRP subgroup treated within 6 months prior was significantly higher than that of the PDR group. Regression analyses showed that the levels of VEGF, PlGF, and TNF-α decreased significantly as the interval between PRP and aqueous sampling became longer. Conclusions. PDR patients exhibited higher concentrations of VEGF and certain inflammatory cytokines than did NPDR and PRP patients. In the latter patients, the intraocular VEGF and inflammatory cytokine levels fell gradually over time.
The Construction Strategy of a New Model of College Students’ Psychological Education under the Network Environment
Authors: Cai Bin
Published: June 2022

Understanding the interests and needs of online health education for college students, exploring the concepts, procedures, models, and approaches of health plans, learning about mental health online, and developing a comprehensive online mental health education plan for as many college students as possible are always very popular. Based on the development and support of online mental health education for students, from the perspectives of teachers and college students, this paper investigates online mental health education for college students in a city, combined with data interviews and Delphi routes; through electronic questionnaires, 900 college students and 30 students were selected by faculty members to conduct an investigation. With descriptive statistics, reliability and availability, chi‐square tests, and other options, this paper examines data on student Internet usage and current status and we have the Psychiatry Network. The results show that 91.75% of college students study online every day and 61.72% spend more than 4 hours online every day. Satisfaction with the Internet has a certain impact on the online application and use of the health college education. Students’ online motivations and behaviors are multicultural. In order to build a mental health education network, educators believe that the primary goal should be to improve the mental health of college students.
Construction and Research on Chinese Semantic Mapping Based on Linguistic Features and Sparse Self-Learning Neural Networks
Authors: Zhang Haiping , Chao Bo , Huang Zhijing , Li Tingyu
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we adopt the algorithms of linguistic feature Rong and sparse self-learning neural network to conduct an in-depth study and analysis of Chinese semantic mapping, which complements the emotion semantic representation ability of traditional word embedding and fully explores the emotion semantic information contained in the text in the task preprocessing stage. We incorporate various semantic features such as lexical information and location information to make the model have richer emotion semantic expression, and the model also uses an attention mechanism to allow various features to interact and abstract deeper contextual internal semantic associations to improve the model's sentiment classification performance. Finally, experiments are conducted on two publicly available English sentiment classification corpora, and the results prove that the model outperforms other comparison models and effectively improves the sentiment classification performance. The model uses deep memory networks and capsule networks to construct a transfer learning framework and effectively leverages the transfer learning properties of capsule networks to transfer knowledge embedded in large-scale labeled data from similar domains to the target domain, improving the classification performance on small data sets. The use of multidimensional combined features compensates for the lack of a one-dimensional feature attention mechanism, while multiple domain category-based attention computation layers are superimposed to obtain deeper domain-specific sentiment feature information. Based on the segmented convolutional neural network, the model first introduces the dependent subtree of relational attributes to obtain the position weights of each word in the sentence, then introduces domain ontology knowledge in the output layer to constrain the extraction results, and conducts experimental comparison through the data set to verify the validity of the model, which ensures the accuracy of the network term entity and relational attribute recognition extraction and makes the knowledge map constructed in this paper. It ensures the accuracy of the extraction rate of the web term entities and relationship attributes and makes the knowledge map constructed in this paper more factual.
Impact of Short-Term Heart Rate Variability in Patients with STEMI Treated by Delayed versus Immediate Stent in Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lin Shaojie , Yang Xing , Guo Xiaosheng , Ye Jingguang , Hu Xiangming , Dong Haojian , Zhou Yingling
Published: June 2022

Objective. Patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) have been treated with the delayed stent strategy to reduce the occurrence of postoperative no-reflow and improve the recovery of postoperative cardiac function. However, the effects of electrocardiac activity and autonomic nerve function after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) have been rarely reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with STEMI treated by immediate stent (IS) and delayed stent (DS) strategy. Methods. A total of 178 patients with STEMI were divided into 124 cases (69.66%) in the IS group and 54 cases (30.34%) in the DS group from July 2019 to September 2021. The mean heart rate, premature ventricular contraction (PVC), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVED), and HRV indexes were compared between the two groups. Results. In terms of cardiac electrical stability, the number of PVCs, the percentage of PVCs, and the number of paired PVCs in the DS group were lower than those in the IS group. In terms of HRV, high frequency (HF) and standard deviation of all NN (SDNN) intervals were higher in the patients with DS strategy than IS strategy. There were no significant differences in the LVED and LVEF between the two groups. Conclusion. Compared to the IS strategy, the DS strategy in pPCI in patients with STEMI has advantages in postoperative cardiac electrical stability and short-term cardiac autonomic nerve function, with no difference in postoperative short-term cardiac function.
Digital Communication of Folk Art in Urban Scenes Based on Vision Sensor Images
Authors: Zhang Yunhui , Zhao Yuanbing , Wu Yinan , Zhang Xuan
Published: June 2022

With the continuous development of China’s socio-economic level and culture, some of China’s folk arts are gradually declining, and the protection and dissemination of folk arts are extremely important. In today’s modern society with digital information as the carrier, digital communication has more incomparable advantages than traditional communication methods. This paper proposes a research on the digital communication of folk art in urban scenes based on visual sensor images. This article introduces the related applications of visual sensor images and studies the spread of folk art in cities. The research shows that the application of visual sensors has greatly promoted the digitization of folk art. VR virtual reality technology is used as a visual sensor image. Important applications, and its industry scale is expected to reach 149.8 billion yuan globally in 2023. In this paper, by studying the combination of visual sensors applied to folk art, it is believed that visual sensor images can play a better role in promoting and protecting folk art.
Extraction of Intangible Cultural Heritage Visual Elements by Deep Learning and Its Application in Grassland Tourism of the Silk Road Culture
Authors: Bu Xiangwei , Jiang Mingyang
Published: June 2022

Inner Mongolia is rich in grassland tourism resources, and the development of grassland tourism is of great significance to Inner Mongolia tourism and promotion of grassland protection. To better promote the grassland tourism of the Silk Road culture, the Conditional Global Area Network (CGAN) and Morphology Connected Component Chan-Vase (MCC-CV) algorithm are used to enhance and segment the traditional embroidery patterns in Inner Mongolia. Firstly, the generative adversarial network (GAN) is optimized, and a new GAN is proposed with the feature vector extracted from the convolutional neural network (CNN) as the constraint condition. Secondly, the automatic segmentation algorithm of embroidery based on the MCC-CV model is proposed, and finally, the proposed algorithm is tested. The test results demonstrate that after 8000 iterations of the proposed image-enhancement algorithm, its personalized features are enhanced, and the segmentation accuracy of the proposed image segmentation algorithm is 60%. The proposed algorithm provides some ideas for the application of deep learning (DL) technology in the grassland tourism of the Silk Road culture and also helps operators to accurately grasp the market and make tourists more comfortable and pleasant.
Study on the Effect of Prehospital Emergency Nursing Model Based on Network Information Sharing Platform in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Sun Xia , Sun Suwei , Qin Hua , Mu Kai
Published: June 2022

Background. Acute ischemic stroke is one of the most common emergencies in clinical medicine. Prehospital first aid of ischemic stroke has become the focus and focus of the global medical community. The combination of network information technology and prehospital first aid can better serve the treatment of ischemic stroke. Objective. To explore the effect of prehospital emergency nursing model based on network information sharing platform in acute ischemic stroke. Methods. 78 patients with acute ischemic stroke from February 2020 to October 2021 were studied. Patients were randomly divided into study group (n=39) and control group (n=39). The control group was given routine first aid nursing. Prehospital first aid nursing based on network information sharing platform was used in the study group. Alarm response time, on-site first aid response time, hospital handover time, National Institutes of Health Stroke scale (NIHSS) at 12 and 24 hours after admission, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) at 12 and 24 hours after admission, incidence of poor prognosis, and nursing satisfaction score at 24 hours after admission were recorded. Results. The emergency response time and hospital handover time in the study group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05). The NIHSS score and the incidence of poor prognosis at 12 and 24 hours after admission in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The GCS scores at 12 hours and 24 hours after admission in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The NSNS score of the study group was higher than that of the control group. Conclusion. Prehospital first aid nursing based on network information sharing platform has great application value in patients with acute ischemic stroke. It can shorten the time of first aid, improve patients’ consciousness, and reduce the incidence of poor prognosis.