bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Ensemble Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics and Scientific Realism
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Pechenkin Alexander
Published: May 2021

The article takes under consideration three versions of the ensemble (statistical) interpretation of quantum mechanics and discusses the interconnection of these interpretations with the philosophy of science. To emphasize the specifics of the problem of interpretation of quantum mechanics in the USSR, the Marxist ideology is taken into account. The present paper continues the author’s previous analysis of ensemble interpretations which emerged in the USA and USSR in the first half of the 20th century. The author emphasizes that the ensemble approach turned out to be a dead end for the development of the interpretation of quantum mechanics in Russia. The article also argues that in Soviet Russia, the classical Copenhagen (standard) approach to quantum mechanics was used. The Copenhagen approach was developed by Lev Landau in 1919–1931 and became the basis of the Landau-Lifshitz famous course on quantum mechanics, one of the classics of twentieth-century physics literature (the first edition was published in 1947). Although Vladimir A. Fock’s approach to the interpretation of quantum mechanics differs from the standard presentation by Lev Landau and Evgeny Lifshitz, Fock put forward a very important principle that complementarity is a “firmly established law of nature”. The fundamental writings of Lev Landau, Vladimir Fock and Igor Tamm, the authors of the mid-twentieth century, did a lot to defend the standard point of view such as the popular interpretations by Landau and Lifshitz. This approach can be traced back to Landau’s early writings and to Fock’s criticism of the ensemble approach.
Assessment Relativism and the Truth-Predicate
Authors:   University of Tartu, Sova Henrik
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this paper is to argue that assessment relativism entails the assessment-sensitivity of the sentential truth-predicate, but not of the propositional truth-predicate. The central idea of assessment relativism is that a single token claim evaluated within a single world can have different truth-values when considered in different contexts of assessment. John MacFarlane in Assessment Sensitivity: Relative Truth and its Applications (2014) and also Max Kölbel in the article ‘Global relativism and self-refutation’ (2011) have argued that this position leads to relativism about the propositional truth-predicate. I argue that this is not the case—it entails relativism only about the sentential truth-predicate.
Sentidos, prácticas y modificaciones en los informes técnicos del sistema penal juvenil uruguayo
Authors: González Laurino Carolina
Published: May 2021

A través de una investigación cualitativa que combina análisis de expedientes judiciales y de entrevistas, este artículo analiza la influencia de los informes expertos sobre las decisiones judiciales. Se estudia la receptividad de estas piezas discursivas en los Juzgados de Adolescentes de Montevideo, dando cuenta de la influencia de la descripción de las biografías adolescentes como si las trayectorias de vida de los sujetos explicaran los motivos de la conducta trasgresora a la ley penal, prediciendo su futuro, en una suerte de pronóstico contrafáctico de riesgos, imposible de verificación empírica, inextricablemente asociado a la concepción de peligrosidad.
Scholia Latina, Arabica et in uulgari lingua ad Alphurcanum Mahumedis
Authors: Casassas Canals Xavier , Martínez Gázquez José
Published: May 2021

The Cod. arab. 7 in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek in Munich, which contains a large number of glosses in Latin and Romance, is important because it is, together with the Qurʾān in Ms. BNF arabe 384 and Ms. A-5-2 in the Escuela de Estudios Árabes in Granada, one of the only three known copies of the Qurʾān in Arabic that also contains numerous Latin glosses. The Paris manuscript has a large corpus of Latin glosses, signed by Riccoldo de Montecroce, made with the help of a second Latin translation of the Qurʾān by Mark of Toledo in 1210. In addition, the Arabic Qurʾān in Ms. A-5-2, probably elaborated in Algeciras in al-Andalus in 1599, gives the names of the Suras 1–19 in Latin.
Immanuel of Rome’s Bisbidis: An Italian Maqāma?
Authors: Levy Isabelle
Published: May 2021

Although Immanuel of Rome’s Bisbidis abounds with onomatopoeic inventiveness, it has received little critical attention aside from its status as a curiosity: a dazzling poem by the only Italian Jew with extant medieval Italian lyrics. While this paper explores Immanuel’s familiarity with works by Cecco Angiolieri, Dante Alighieri, and other duecento Italian poets, it aims to demonstrate the ways in which Bisbidis embodies the medieval Hebrew-via-Arabic genre of the maqāma. After providing background on secular medieval Hebrew literature composed in the Mediterranean region and situating Immanuel’s composition in its literary-historical context, I evaluate several components – including thematic, formal, and philological correspondences – that Bisbidis shares with the Hebrew maqāma.
Twenty years, eight legs, one concept: describing spider biodiversity in Zootaxa (Arachnida: Araneae)
Authors: JÄGER PETER , ARNEDO MIQUEL A. , AZEVEDO GUILHERME H. F. , BAEHR BARBARA , BONALDO ALEXANDRE B. , HADDAD CHARLES R. , HARMS DANILO , HORMIGA GUSTAVO , LABARQUE FACUNDO M. , MUSTER CHRISTOPH , RAMÍREZ MARTÍN J. , SANTOS ADALBERTO J.
Published: May 2021

Zootaxa published more than a thousand papers on Araneae from 2002 to the present, including descriptions of 3,833 new spider species and 177 new genera. Here we summarise the key contributions of Zootaxa to our current knowledge of global spider diversity. We provide a historical account of the researchers that have actively participated as editors, and recognize the more than 1,000 reviewers without whom none of this would have been possible. We conduct a simple analysis of the contributions by authors and geographic region, which allows us to uncover some of the underlying trends in current spider taxonomy. In addition, we examine some of the milestones in twenty years of spider systematic research in Zootaxa. Finally, we discuss future prospects of spider taxonomy and the role that Zootaxa and its younger sister journal Megataxa will play in it. We would like to dedicate this contribution to the memory of Norman I. Platnick, a crucial figure in the advancement of spider systematics.
Segmented worms (Phylum Annelida): a celebration of twenty years of progress through Zootaxa and call for action on the taxonomic work that remains
Authors: MAGALHÃES WAGNER F. , HUTCHINGS PAT , OCEGUERA-FIGUEROA ALEJANDRO , MARTIN PATRICK , SCHMELZ RÜDIGER M. , WETZEL MARK J. , WIKLUND HELENA , MACIOLEK NANCY J. , KAWAUCHI GISELE Y. , WILLIAMS JASON D.
Published: May 2021

Zootaxa has been the leading journal on invertebrate systematics especially within Annelida. Our current estimates indicate annelids include approximately 20,200 valid species of polychaetes, oligochaetes, leeches, sipunculans and echiurans. We include herein the impact of Zootaxa on the description of new annelid species in the last two decades. Since 2001, there have been over 1,300 new annelid taxa published in about 630 papers. The majority of these are polychaetes (921 new species and 40 new genera) followed by oligochaetes (308 new species and 10 new genera) and leeches (21 new species). The numerous papers dealing with new polychaete species have provided us a clear picture on which polychaete families have had the most taxonomic effort and which authors and countries have been the most prolific of descriptions of new taxa. An estimated additional 10,000+ species remain to be described in the phylum, thus we urge annelid workers to continue their efforts and aid in training a new generation of taxonomists focused on this ecologically important group.
Zootaxa 20th Anniversary Celebration: Odonata section
Authors: PAULSON DENNIS R. , MARINOV MILEN
Published: May 2021

During the two decades (2001–2020) of the journal’s existence, 346 papers on Odonata were published in Zootaxa. These papers contributed 317 new extant taxa, 26 new fossil taxa, and 106 new larval descriptions. By the end of the period, papers in Zootaxa were contributing slightly more than half of all descriptions of new extant taxa. Research was published from all over the world but predominantly from the American and Asian tropics, and authors from 42 countries contributed papers.
Providers’ View on the First Kidney Transplantation Center in Ethiopia: Experience From Past to Present
Authors: Shimels Tariku , Getachew Abrham , Tadesse Mekdim , Thompson Alison
Published: May 2021

Introduction:

Transplantation is the optimal management for patients with end-stage renal disease. In Ethiopia, the first national kidney transplantation center was opened at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College in September 2015. The aim of this study was to explore providers’ views and experiences of the past to present at this center.

Methods:

A qualitative study design was employed from 1st November to 15th December, 2019. To ensure that appropriate informants would provide rich study data, 8 health care providers and top management members were purposefully chosen for in-depth interviews. A maximum variation sampling method was considered to include a representative sample of informants. Interviews were digitally audio-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Transcribed data was coded and analyzed using Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) Minor Lite software and Microsoft-Excel.

Result:

The participants (5 males and 3 females) approached were from different departments of the renal transplant center, and the main hospital. Eight main themes and 18 sub-themes were generated initially from all interviews totaling to 109 index codes. Further evaluation and recoding retained 5 main themes, and 14 sub-themes. The main themes are; challenges experienced during and after launching the center, commitment, sympathy and satisfaction, outcomes of renal transplant, actions to improve the quality of service, and how the transplant center should operate. Providers claim that they discharge their responsibilities through proper commitment and compassion, paying no attention to incentive packages. They also explained that renal transplantation would have all the outcomes related to economic, humanistic and clinical facets.

Conclusion and Recommendation:

A multitude of challenges were faced during and after the establishment of the first renal transplant center in Ethiopia. Providers discharge their responsibility through a proper compassion for patients. Concerned stakeholders should actively collaborate to improve the quality of renal transplant services in the center.
A phylogenetic approach for weighting genetic sequences
Authors: De Maio Nicola , Alekseyenko Alexander V. , Coleman-Smith William J. , Pardi Fabio , Suchard Marc A. , Tamuri Asif U. , Truszkowski Jakub , Goldman Nick
Published: May 2021

Background

Many important applications in bioinformatics, including sequence alignment and protein family profiling, employ sequence weighting schemes to mitigate the effects of non-independence of homologous sequences and under- or over-representation of certain taxa in a dataset. These schemes aim to assign high weights to sequences that are ‘novel’ compared to the others in the same dataset, and low weights to sequences that are over-represented.

Results

We formalise this principle by rigorously defining the evolutionary ‘novelty’ of a sequence within an alignment. This results in new sequence weights that we call ‘phylogenetic novelty scores’. These scores have various desirable properties, and we showcase their use by considering, as an example application, the inference of character frequencies at an alignment column—important, for example, in protein family profiling. We give computationally efficient algorithms for calculating our scores and, using simulations, show that they are versatile and can improve the accuracy of character frequency estimation compared to existing sequence weighting schemes.

Conclusions

Our phylogenetic novelty scores can be useful when an evolutionarily meaningful system for adjusting for uneven taxon sampling is desired. They have numerous possible applications, including estimation of evolutionary conservation scores and sequence logos, identification of targets in conservation biology, and improving and measuring sequence alignment accuracy.
Distribution and Clonality of drug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa
Authors: Said Halima , Ratabane John , Erasmus Linda , Gardee Yasmin , Omar Shaheed , Dreyer Andries , Ismail Farzana , Bhyat Zaheda , Lebaka Tiisetso , van der Meulen Minty , Gwala Thabisile , Adelekan Adeboye , Diallo Karidia , Ismail Nazir
Published: May 2021

Background

Studies have shown that drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in South Africa (SA) is clonal and is caused mostly by transmission. Identifying transmission chains is important in controlling DR-TB. This study reports on the sentinel molecular surveillance data of Rifampicin-Resistant (RR) TB in SA, aiming to describe the RR-TB strain population and the estimated transmission of RR-TB cases.

Method

RR-TB isolates collected between 2014 and 2018 from eight provinces were genotyped using combination of spoligotyping and 24-loci mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-units-variable-number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) typing.

Results

Of the 3007 isolates genotyped, 301 clusters were identified. Cluster size ranged between 2 and 270 cases. Most of the clusters (247/301; 82.0%) were small in size (< 5 cases), 12.0% (37/301) were medium sized (5–10 cases), 3.3% (10/301) were large (11–25 cases) and 2.3% (7/301) were very large with 26–270 cases. The Beijing genotype was responsible for majority of RR-TB cases in Western and Eastern Cape, while the East-African-Indian-Somalian (EAI1_SOM) genotype accounted for a third of RR-TB cases in Mpumalanga. The overall proportion of RR-TB cases estimated to be due to transmission was 42%, with the highest transmission-rate in Western Cape (64%) and the lowest in Northern Cape (9%).

Conclusion

Large clusters contribute to the burden of RR-TB in specific geographic areas such as Western Cape, Eastern Cape and Mpumalanga, highlighting the need for community-wide interventions. Most of the clusters identified in the study were small, suggesting close contact transmission events, emphasizing the importance of contact investigations and infection control as the primary interventions in SA.
The transcription factor AtGLK1 acts upstream of MYBL2 to genetically regulate sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhao Dongming , Zheng Yuxuan , Yang lingjun , Yao Ziyu , Cheng Jianfeng , Zhang Fang , Jiang Haiyan , Liu Dong
Published: May 2021

Background

The regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis by various factors including sugars, light and abiotic stresses is mediated by numerous regulatory factors acting at the transcriptional level. Here experimental evidence was provided in order to demonstrate that the nuclear GARP transcription factor AtGLK1 plays an important role in regulating sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.

Results

The results obtained using real-time quantitative PCR and GUS staining assays revealed that AtGLK1 was mainly expressed in the green tissues of Arabidopsis seedlings and could be induced by sucrose. The loss-of-function glk1 glk2 double mutant has lower anthocyanin levels than the glk2 single mutant, although it has been determined that loss of AtGLK1 alone does not affect anthocyanin accumulation. Overexpression of AtGLK1 enhances the accumulation of anthocyanin in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings accompanied by increased expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes. Moreover, we found that AtGLK1 also participates in plastid-signaling mediated anthocyanin accumulations. Genetic, physiological, and molecular biological approaches demonstrated that AtGLK1 acts upstream of MYBL2, which is a key negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, to genetically regulate sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis.

Conclusion

Our results indicated that AtGLK1 positively regulates sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis via MYBL2.
Modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and evidence for preventive behavioral interventions
Authors: Zhou Lucas , Ayeh Samuel K. , Chidambaram Vignesh , Karakousis Petros C.
Published: May 2021

COVID-19 is a novel disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. During the global vaccination rollout, it is vital to thoroughly understand the modes of transmission of the virus in order to prevent further spread of variants and ultimately to end the pandemic. The current literature suggests that SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted among the human population primarily through respiratory droplets and, to a lesser extent, via aerosols. Transmission appears to be affected by temperature, humidity, precipitation, air currents, pH, and radiation in the ambient environment. Finally, the use of masks or facial coverings, social distancing, and hand washing are effective public health strategies in reducing the risk of exposure and transmission. Additional research is needed to further characterize the relative benefits of specific nonpharmaceutical interventions.
Body mass index and chronic kidney disease outcomes after acute kidney injury: a prospective matched cohort study
Authors:   for the ASSESS-AKI Study Investigators, MacLaughlin Helen L. , Pike Mindy , Selby Nicholas M. , Siew Edward , Chinchilli Vernon M. , Guide Andrew , Stewart Thomas G. , Himmelfarb Jonathan , Go Alan S. , Parikh Chirag R. , Ghahramani Nasrollah , Kaufman James , Ikizler T. Alp , Robinson-Cohen Cassianne
Published: May 2021

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) and obesity are independent risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to determine if obesity modifies risk for CKD outcomes after AKI.

Methods

This prospective multisite cohort study followed adult survivors after hospitalization, with or without AKI. The primary outcome was a combined CKD event of incident CKD, progression of CKD and kidney failure, examined using time-to-event Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for diabetes status, age, pre-existing CKD, cardiovascular disease status and intensive care unit admission, and stratified by study center. Body mass index (BMI) was added as an interaction term to examine effect modification by body size.

Results

The cohort included 769 participants with AKI and 769 matched controls. After median follow-up of 4.3 years, among AKI survivors, the rate of the combined CKD outcome was 84.7 per1000-person-years with BMI ≥30 kg/m2, 56.4 per 1000-person-years with BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2, and 72.6 per 1000-person-years with BMI 20–24.9 kg/m2. AKI was associated with a higher risk of combined CKD outcomes; adjusted-HR 2.43 (95%CI 1.87–3.16), with no evidence that this was modified by BMI (p for interaction = 0.3). After adjustment for competing risk of death, AKI remained associated with a higher risk of the combined CKD outcome (subdistribution-HR 2.27, 95%CI 1.76–2.92) and similarly, there was no detectable effect of BMI modifying this risk.

Conclusions

In this post-hospitalization cohort, we found no evidence for obesity modifying the association between AKI and development or progression of CKD.
Robust expression of LINE-1 retrotransposon encoded proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Mukherjee Koel , Sur Debpali , Singh Abhijeet , Rai Sandhya , Das Neeladrisingha , Sekar Rakshanya , Narindi Srinu , Dhingra Vandana Kumar , Jat Bhinyaram , Balraam K. V. Vinu , Agarwal Satya Prakash , Mandal Prabhat Kumar
Published: May 2021

Background

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) results from a series of genetic alteration in squamous cells. This particular type of cancer considers one of the most aggressive malignancies to control because of its frequent local invasions to the regional lymph node. Although several biomarkers have been reported, the key marker used to predict the behavior of the disease is largely unknown. Here we report Long INterpersed Element-1 (LINE1 or L1) retrotransposon activity in post-operative oral cancer samples. L1 is the only active retrotransposon occupying around 17% of the human genome with an estimated 500,000 copies. An active L1 encodes two proteins (L1ORF1p and L1ORF2p); both of which are critical in the process of retrotransposition. Several studies report that the L1 retrotransposon is highly active in many cancers. L1 activity is generally determined by assaying L1ORF1p because of its high expression and availability of the antibody. However, due to its lower expression and unavailability of a robust antibody, detection of L1ORF2p has been limited. L1ORF2p is the crucial protein in the process of retrotransposition as it provides endonuclease and reverse transcriptase (RT) activity.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed on the post-operative oral cancer samples and murine tissues.

Results

Using in house novel antibodies against both the L1 proteins (L1ORF1p and L1ORF2p), we found L1 retrotransposon is extremely active in post-operative oral cancer tissues. Here, we report a novel human L1ORF2p antibody generated using an 80-amino-acid stretch from the RT domain, which is highly conserved among different species. The antibody detects significant L1ORF2p expression in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) samples and murine germ tissues.

Conclusions

We report exceptionally high L1ORF1p and L1ORF2p expression in post-operative oral cancer samples. The novel L1ORF2p antibody reported in this study will serve as a useful tool to understand why L1 activity is deregulated in OSCC and how it contributes to the progression of this particular cancer. Cross-species reactivity of L1ORF2p antibody due to the conserved epitope will be useful to study the retrotransposon biology in mice and rat germ tissues.
The match between what is prescribed and reasons for prescribing in exercise referral schemes: a mixed method study
Authors: Shore Colin B. , Hubbard Gill , Gorely Trish , Hunter Angus M. , Galloway Stuart D.
Published: May 2021

Background

Exercise referral schemes (ERS) aim to tackle non-communicable disease (NCD) by increasing physical activity levels through prescribed exercise. However, there is a sparsity of knowledge upon what exercises are prescribed and if they are targeted towards tackling NCD.

Method

Mixed methods were employed. Quantitative data was extracted from exercise prescription cards of 50 participants and were assessed for frequency, intensity, type and time of prescribed exercise. Descriptive measures of aggregate data are expressed as median (range: minimum-maximum). Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews generated qualitative data on exercise referral instructors’ experiences of prescribing exercise.

Results

Thirty-eight different types of exercise were prescribed. Median prescription was 4 (1–11) exercises per session, at a moderate intensity. Participants were prescribed a median of 35 (5–70) minutes of aerobic exercise per referral session. Exercise referral instructors prescribed exercise to improve activities of daily living, promote independence and autonomy of participants, rather than explicitly targeting the referral condition.

Conclusions

Knowledge that prescribed exercises are not explicitly targeted to the referral condition provides critical information in understanding the purpose of exercise prescription. Future evaluations of ERS should be mindful of this, that is, perceived outcomes might not match up to what is being prescribed within ERS.
Exploring the bone sparing effects of postbiotics in the post-menopausal rat model
Authors: Montazeri-Najafabady Nima , Ghasemi Younes , Dabbaghmanesh Mohammad Hossein , Ashoori Yousef , Talezadeh Pedram , Koohpeyma Farhad , Abootalebi Seyedeh Narjes , Gholami Ahmad
Published: May 2021

Background

Post-menopausal osteoporosis is a concern of health organizations, and current treatments do not seem enough. Postbiotics as bioactive compounds produced by probiotics may be an attractive alternative for bone health. In this study, we prepared, formulated, and compared the effects of cell lysate and supernatant of five native probiotic strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bacillus coagulans) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.

Methods

The probiotic strains were isolated, and their cell-free supernatants and biomasses as postbiotics were extracted and formulated using standard microbial processes. The Sprague-Dawley rats were fed by 1 × 109 CFU/ml/day postbiotic preparations for 4 weeks immediately after ovariectomy. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans were accomplished to evaluate femur, spine, and tibia BMD. The serum biochemical markers [calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase] were assessed.

Results

Postbiotics could considerably improve the global and femur area in OVX rats. In the case of global bone mineral density (BMD), Lactobacillus casei lysate and supernatant, Bacillus coagulans lysate and supernatant, lysate of Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus reuteri supernatant significantly increased BMD. We found Bacillus coagulans supernatant meaningfully enriched tibia BMD.

Conclusion

Postbiotic could ameliorate bone loss resulting from estrogen deficiency. Also, the effects of postbiotics on different bone sites are strain-dependent. More clinical studies need to explore the optimal administrative dose and duration of the specific postbiotics in protecting bone loss.
Promising PEGylated cationic dendrimers for delivery of miRNAs as a possible therapy against HIV-1 infection
Authors: Royo-Rubio E. , Rodríguez-Izquierdo I. , Moreno-Domene M. , Lozano-Cruz T. , de la Mata F. J. , Gómez R. , Muñoz-Fernández M. A. , Jiménez J. L.
Published: May 2021

Background

The appearance of resistance against new treatments and the fact that HIV-1 can infect various cell types and develop reservoirs and sanctuaries makes it necessary to develop new therapeutic approaches to overcome those failures.

Results

Studies of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, complexes formation, stability, resistance, release and particle size distribution confirmed that G2-SN15-PEG, G3-SN31-PEG, G2-SN15-PEG-FITC and G3-SN31-PEG-FITC dendrimers can form complexes with miRNAs being biocompatible, stable and conferring protection to these nucleic acids. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry showed effective delivery of these four dendrimers into the target cells, confirming their applicability as delivery systems. Dendriplexes formed with the dendrimers and miRNAs significantly inhibited HIV-1 infection in PBMCs.

Conclusions

These dendrimers are efficient delivery systems for miRNAs and they specifically and significantly improved the anti-R5-HIV-1 activity of these RNA molecules.

Graphic Abstract
Clinical report of a neonate carrying a large deletion in the 10p15.3p13 region and review of the literature
Authors: Shao Qiao-Yan , Wu Pei-Lin , Lin Bi-Yun , Chen Sen-Jing , Liu Jian , Chen Su-Qing
Published: May 2021

Background

Terminal deletion of chromosome 10p is a rare chromosomal abnormality. We report a neonatal case with a large deletion of 10p15.3p13 diagnosed early because of severe clinical manifestations.

Case presentation

Our patient presented with specific facial features, hypoparathyroidism, sen sorineural deafness, renal abnormalities, and developmental retardation, and carried a 12.6 Mb deletion in the 10p15.3 p13 region. The terminal 10p deletion involved in our patient is the second largest reported terminal deletion reported to date, and includes theZMYND11andGATA3genes and a partial critical region of the DiGeorge syndrome 2 gene (DGS2).

Conclusion

On the basis of a literature review, this terminal 10p deletion in the present case is responsible for a specific contiguous gene syndrome. This rare case may help the understanding of the genotype–phenotype spectrum of terminal deletion of chromosome 10p.
Assessing diatom-mediated fatty acids in intertidal biofilm: a new conservation concern
Authors: Ollinik Jessica E. , Chua Candice C. , Brunswick Pamela , Elner Robert W. , Blajkevitch Oxana , Kim Marcus , van Aggelen Graham , Drever Mark C. , Shang Dayue
Published: May 2021

Biofilm communities on intertidal mudflats are recognized as major producers of nutrients, especially fatty acids. The rising threats posed by both climatic and anthropogenic stressors increase the necessity of understanding and conserving these communities. Shorebirds provide a proxy for studying the complex ecology of biofilm communities because of their heavy reliance on fatty acids from diatomaceous biofilm for successful long-distance migration. Herein, we review biofilm feeding patterns by migratory shorebirds, experimental design considerations for sampling and studying the fatty acid content of biofilm, and the literature describing established and emerging analytical methodology. Techniques for fatty acid analysis include the commonly employed gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC/FID) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with derivatization. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and liquid chromatography–quadrupole time of flight (LC/QTOF) are newly emerging techniques that enable derivatization to be eliminated. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT/IR), a common instrument in chemistry laboratories, has applications in fatty acid research, specifically for screening. Using a combination of sampling and analytical methods is necessary for improved understanding of intertidal biofilm, both as a source of essential fatty acids in aquatic systems and a critical food for shorebirds.
Triazole analogues as potential pharmacological agents: a brief review
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Khokra Sukhbir Lal , Yadav Akash
Published: May 2021

Background

A large number of studies have recently reported that, because of their significant biological and pharmacological properties, heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives have attracted a strong interest in medicinal chemistry. The triazole nucleus is one of the most important heterocycles which has a feature of natural products as well as medicinal agents. Heterocyclic nitrogen is abundantly present in most medicinal compounds. The derivatization of triazole ring is based on the phenomenon of bio-isosteres in which substituted the oxygen atom of oxadiazole nucleus with nitrogen triazole analogue.

Main text

This review focuses on recent synthetic procedure of triazole moiety, which comprises of various pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antitubercular, anthelmintic, antioxidant, antimalarial, antiviral, etc..

Conclusion

This review highlights the current status of triazole compounds as different multi-target pharmacological activities. From the literature survey, triazole is the most widely used compound in different potential activities.
Transmission characteristics of terahertz waves in high-temperature inhomogeneous magnetized plasma
Authors: Wan Xiao-Huan , Zhou Zhi-Kun , Zhang Juan , Li Xiao-Lin , Ren Xue-Ping , Zhou Yu-Shan , Meng Hong-Juan , Wang Jing , Fan Xiao-Bei , Shi Yu-Ren
Published: May 2021

The transmission characteristics of terahertz waves propagating in high-temperature magnetized inhomogeneous plasma are theoretically analyzed. The influence of physical parameters, such as the electron density, collision frequency, plasma thickness, magnetic field strength, electron temperature, and so on, on the transmission properties is considered systematically. Numerical results show that these parameters will affect the propagation characteristics of terahertz waves travelling in plasma. Especially, when the electron temperature of the plasma or the magnetic field is adjusted to an appropriate value, a sharp transmissivity peak (absorptivity valley) will be produced in the stop band. As the intensity of the magnetic field increases, the corresponding frequency of the transmissivity peak (absorptivity valley) will gradually shift to higher frequencies. The peak (valley) value will gradually increase as the electron temperature increases. These theoretical results may be used to effectively alleviate the “blackout problem”.
Preventive Migraine Treatment
Authors: Burch Rebecca
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article provides an overview of preventive interventions for migraine, including when to start and how to choose a treatment, pharmacologic options (both older oral treatments and new monoclonal antibodies to calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP] or its receptor), nonpharmacologic treatment such as neuromodulation, and preventive treatment of refractory migraine.

RECENT FINDINGS

The migraine preventive treatment landscape has been transformed by the development of monoclonal antibodies targeting CGRP or its receptor. These treatments, which are given subcutaneously or intravenously monthly or quarterly, have high efficacy and were well tolerated in clinical trials. Emerging real-world studies have found higher rates of adverse events than were seen in clinical trials. They are currently recommended for use if two traditional preventive therapies have proven inadequate. Since the commonly cited 2012 American Headache Society/American Academy of Neurology migraine prevention guidelines were released, clinical trials supporting the preventive use of lisinopril, candesartan, and memantine have been published. Neuromodulation devices, including external trigeminal nerve stimulation and single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation devices, have modest evidence to support preventive use. The American Headache Society/American Academy of Neurology guidelines for the preventive treatment of migraine are currently being updated. A new class of oral CGRP receptor antagonists (gepants) is being tested for migraine prevention.

Successful preventive treatment of migraine reduces disease burden and improves quality of life. Many pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment options are available for the prevention of migraine, including newer therapies aimed at the CGRP pathway as well as older treatments with good evidence for efficacy. Multiple treatment trials may be required to find the best preventive for an individual patient.
Optimal Perioperative Pain Management in Esophageal Surgery: An Evaluation of Paravertebral Analgesia
Authors: Feenstra Minke L. , ten Hoope Werner , Hermanides Jeroen , Gisbertz Suzanne S. , Hollmann Markus W. , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Eshuis Wietse J.
Published: May 2021

Background

For esophagectomy, thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) is the standard of care for perioperative pain management. Although effective, TEA is associated with moderate to serious adverse events such as hypotension and neurologic complications. Paravertebral analgesia (PVA) may be a safe alternative. The authors hypothesized that TEA and PVA are similar in efficacy for pain treatment in thoracolaparoscopic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study compared TEA with PVA in two consecutive series of 25 thoracolaparoscopic Ivor Lewis esophagectomies. In this study, TEA consisted of continuous epidural bupivacaine and sufentanil infusion with a patient-controlled bolus function. In PVA, the catheter was inserted by the surgeon under thoracoscopic vision during surgery. Administration of PVA consisted of continuous paravertebral bupivacaine infusion after a bolus combined with patient-controlled analgesia using intravenous morphine. The primary outcome was the median highest recorded Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS) during the 3 days after surgery. The secondary outcomes were vasopressor consumption, fluid administration, and length of hospital stay.

Results

In both groups, the median highest recorded NRS was 4 or lower during the first three postoperative days. The patients with PVA had a higher overall NRS (mean difference, 0.75; 95% confidence interval 0.49–1.44). No differences were observed in any of the other secondary outcomes.

Conclusion

For the patients undergoing thoracolaparoscopic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy, TEA was superior to PVA, as measured by NRS during the first three postoperative days. However, both modes provided adequate analgesia, with a median highest recorded NRS of 4 or lower. These results could form the basis for a randomized controlled trial.
Enforcing Wealth Taxes in the Developing World: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Colombia
Authors: Londoño-Vélez Juliana , Ávila-Mahecha Javier
Published: May 2021

This paper investigates the feasibility of wealth taxation in developing countries. It uses rich administrative data from Colombia and leverages a government-designed program for voluntary disclosures of hidden wealth as well as the threat of detection triggered by the Panama Papers leak. There are two key findings. First, there is substantial (primarily offshore) evasion: two-fifths of the wealthiest 0.01 percent evade taxes, with these evaders concealing one-third of their wealth offshore. Second, strengthening enforcement can have a significant impact on wealth tax compliance, tax revenue, and progressivity. These results highlight both challenges and opportunities for wealth taxation in the developing world. (JEL D31, G51, H24, H26, K34, O15)
Baugeschichtliche Untersuchungen im Jahr 2006
Authors: Badrutt Conradin , Jaggi Bernard , Marty Basil , Merki Matthias , Ritzmann Hans , Tramèr Stephan
Published: May 2021

Im vorliegenden Bericht werden 10 baugeschichtliche Untersuchungen vorgestellt, die im Jahr 2006 abgeschlossen werden konnten.
Vorbericht über die Grabungen 2006 im Bereich der spätlatènezeitlichen Siedlung Basel-Gasfabrik
Authors: Hecht Yolanda , Rissanen Hannele , Spichtig Norbert , Stelzle-Hüglin Sophie
Published: May 2021

Berichte zu den archäologischen Untersuchungen in der Fundstelle «Basel-Gasfabrik» im Jahr 2006.
Ausgrabungen und Funde im Jahr 2007
Authors: Bargetzi Dagmar , Hagendorn Andrea , Leuzinger Urs , Matt Christoph Philipp , Schön Udo , Stegmüller Christian
Published: May 2021

Berichte zu den archäologischen Untersuchungen der Archäologischen Bodenforschung Basel-Stadt im Jahr 2007.
lifeClipper2 – vor Ort in archäologische Welten eintauchen
Authors: Torpus Jan Lewe , Spichtig Norbert
Published: May 2021

lifeClipper2 ist ein innovatives Design-Forschungsprojekt unter Leitung der Hochschule für Gestaltung und Kunst (Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz). In interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit mit Forschungs- und Wirtschaftspartnern wird das Potenzial von «Augmented Reality» unter anderem für Tourismus, Stadtplanung oder Projektvisualisierung untersucht. Dabei ist auch ein Ausschnitt aus der etwa 2100 Jahre alten Siedlung Basel-Gasfabrik mit dieser modernsten Technologie in der heutigen Umgebung dreidimensional erfahrbar gemacht worden.
Ausgrabungen und Funde im Jahr 2010
Authors: Alder Cornelia , Bernasconi Marco , Fünfschilling Sylvia , Helmig Guido , Hüglin Sophie , Leuzinger Urs , Matt Christoph , Peter Markus , Scholz Till , Spichtig Norbert , Steiner Susan , Straumann Sven
Published: May 2021

Berichte zu den archäologischen Untersuchungen der Archäologischen Bodenforschung Basel-Stadt im Jahr 2010.
Perspectiva traductora respecto de la aplicación del derecho internacional a la traducción jurídico- institucional (FR-EN): análisis de una opinión consultiva emitida por la Corte Internacional de Justicia
Authors: Policastro Ponce Gisella
Published: May 2021

a realidad jurídico-institucional ha evolucionado en los últimos años hacia una perspectiva más integral, multilingüística e internacional, concretamente como consecuencia de la expansión de las relaciones internacionales y los conflictos legales que de ellas se derivan. En este contexto, la práctica de la traducción jurídico-institucional se erige como abanderada en el marco de un estudio de investigación en torno a las controversias de orden jurídico internacional. En particular, el presente trabajo parte de la realización de un proceso de traducción no oficial al español de una opinión consultiva emitida la Corte Internacional de Justicia, y únicamente disponible de forma oficial en el par de lenguas francés e inglés. El propósito del presente trabajo no es otro que destacar la labor documental necesaria para acometer la traducción de un texto de estas características, al tiempo que se pretende subrayar la imposibilidad de acceso por parte del usuario general a material relacionado con este tipo de hechos jurídicos internacionales, por encontrarse redactados únicamente en dos idiomas.
La importancia de un gusano volador: una invitación razonada y apasionada a la lectura del subgénero romántico de cuentos populares escritos
Authors: Puerto Ada
Published: May 2021

La literatura trivial es concebida de forma general como un género para la distracción y el divertimento, Este artículo nos presenta un subgénero de la misma y nos expone su importancia y sus valores escondidos tras cuentos populares reescritos con un toque más actual.
Geoarchaeological Studies in Paphos – First Results
Authors: Kalicki Tomasz , Krupa Joanna , Chwałek Sławomir
Published: May 2021

The geoarchaeological research conducted consisted of a geomorphological prospecting of the Paphos region and a geophysical examination of the ancient town of Nea Paphos and its agora. In addition, the morphogenetic processes that shaped the coastal plains of the Cypriot area were also determined and a research hypothesis that could explain the shrinking of the bay and the decline of the harbour north of the cape of Paphos was formulated. The Mala GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) ProEx System, which is compatible with shielded antenna of 500MHz, was used for the geophysical survey of the area. 95 profiles were completed in a northsouth direction (1m apart) and 51 in an eastwest direction (2m apart). One of the main difficulties was to distinguish the stone structures, as the bottoms of their walls were formed at the natural level of the rock and there were pebble layers located above them. Using versatile geophysical techniques, we have attempted to answer a couple of questions: Was the agora area a fully built-up one and what does the continuation of the walls into undiscovered sections of the agora signify?
Prioritization of Multimedication in Multimorbidity: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Christiane Muth
Published: May 2021

Multimorbidity, the co-occurrence of multiple chronic conditions in an individual, and the frequently associated multimedication is a health issue mostly dealt with in primary care consultations.
Dumping Syndrome: A Rare Complication Following Nissen Fundoplication
Authors: Joana Bernardino Cardoso  , David Sousa  , Cátia Pereira  , João Rua  , Ana Teixeira  , Jorge Fortuna  , Armando Carvalho
Published: May 2021

Dumping syndrome (DS) is a debilitating entity with gastrointestinal and vasomotor symptoms due to rapid gastric emptying. It is a rare complication of Nissen fundoplication in adults. We report the case of a patient with oesophageal compressive symptoms (dysphagia, oesophageal food impaction and regurgitation) and frequent episodes of sweating and hypoglycaemia after a Nissen fundoplication to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease. Investigation revealed severe oesophagogastric stenosis and excluded insulinoma and other causes of hypoglycaemia. An oral glucose tolerance test and gastric emptying scintigraphy were performed, supporting the diagnosis of DS.
Salmonella infection as a trigger for Polyarteritis Nodosa
Authors: Pedro Neves Tavares  , Patricia Alves  , Rita Lizardo Grácio  , Paula Gonçalves Costa  , Carla Falcão  , Catarina Duarte Santos  , Filipa Amado
Published: May 2021

Polyarteritis nodosa is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis that typically affects medium-sized muscular arteries, with occasional involvement of small muscular arteries. Most cases of polyarteritis nodosa are idiopathic but multiple infectious agents have been associated with this disease. We present a clinical case of a 72-year-old male with fever, diarrhoea and haemodynamic instability, diagnosed with a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi. One week after clinical resolution of the infection, the patient developed purpuric lesions with ulcers, pustules and necrotic areas accompanied by testicular pain and weight loss of 5 kg over the previous 15 days. A skin biopsy was performed and it revealed typical histologic signs of polyarteritis nodosa. The aetiologic association between bacteria of the genus Salmonella and polyarteritis nodosa has been previously described in the scientific literature but seldom meeting classification criteria and with histologic confirmation.
Acquired Haemophilia Associated with Urticarial Vasculitis
Authors: Hassene Attout
Published: May 2021

Acquired haemophilia (AHA) is a rare autoimmune disorder caused by circulating autoantibodies that inhibit the activity of factor VIII (FVIII). Acquired inhibitors against FVIII are rarely seen, with a reported incidence of approximately 1 case per million/year. Clinical conditions and contexts associated with AHA include autoimmune diseases, lymphoproliferative malignancies, drug treatment, pregnancy and infections. An association with urticarial vasculitis is even more rare. Here, we report a case of a 59-year-old woman presenting with cutaneous and muscle haematomas secondary to AHA in association with urticarial vasculitis, who was successfully treated with factor eight inhibitor bypassing activity (FEIBA) and prednisolone.
Segmental Arterial Mediolysis: An Under-Recognized Cause of Chronic Abdominal Pain
Authors: Tulika Chatterjee  , Johnathon Stephens  , Moni Roy
Published: May 2021

Segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) is a non-inflammatory, non-atherosclerotic vasculopathy mostly involving the abdominal arteries. SAM was recently recognized as a more prevalent aetiology of abdominal pain than initially thought by healthcare providers. It is still a commonly missed diagnosis in patients with recurrent emergency room (ER) visits for abdominal pain. Most published case reports in the past have highlighted catastrophic sequelae such as intra-abdominal haemorrhage requiring surgical intervention. We report a case of SAM where the diagnosis was initially missed. After diagnosis, conservative medical management was offered which led to clinical improvement.
Pyogenic Ventriculitis Associated with Urosepsis: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Joana Correia Lopes  , Andreia Sofia Basílio  , Mário Amaro
Published: May 2021

Pyogenic ventriculitis is an infection of the cerebral ventricles usually associated with neurosurgery or head trauma. There are less than 10 reported cases of community-acquired pyogenic ventriculitis in adults. We present the case of a 71-year-old man with a medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hospitalized due to urosepsis caused by E. coli. Because he had a fluctuant level of consciousness, he underwent magnetic resonance imaging that diagnosed pyogenic ventriculitis. He was treated with ceftriaxone 2 g 12/12h for a total of 6 weeks and recovered without neurological deficits. Pyogenic ventriculitis is a clinical challenge due to its rarity, atypical presentation and variety of aetiological microorganisms.
Pleural Effusion Related to Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation: A Rare Association
Authors: Ana Oliveira  , Diana Valadares  , Filipe Nery
Published: May 2021

Despite worldwide vaccination campaigns, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health problem. The natural history ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe liver injury or failure, chronic complications or reactivation episodes. The effects of HBV on the organism are immunomediated, possibly triggering extrahepatic manifestations. Since 1971, only a few cases of pleural effusion related to HBV infection have been described. We report HBV-associated pleural effusion occurring during a viral reactivation episode. Antiviral treatment directed towards pleural effusion related to HBV infection should be dictated by underlying liver disease severity and not pleural effusion severity.