bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of a Novel Zearalenone Lactone Hydrolase ZHRnZ and Its Thermostability Modification
Authors: Liu Xinlan , Wang Yanan , Fang Xin , Tang Yu , Wang Gaigai , Guo Yongpeng , Yuan Jianmin , Zhao Lihong
Published: September 2024

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by the Fusarium fungi, which widely contaminates grains, food, and feed, causing health hazards for humans and animals. Therefore, it is essential to find effective ZEN detoxification methods. Enzymatic degradation of ZEN is believed to be an eco-friendly detoxification strategy, specifically thermostable ZEN degradation enzymes are needed in the food and feed industry. In this study, a novel ZEN lactone hydrolase ZHRnZ from Rosellinia necatrix was discovered using bioinformatic and molecular docking technology. The recombinant ZHRnZ showed the best activity at pH 9.0 and 45 °C with more than 90% degradation for ZEN, α-zearalenol (α-ZOL), β-zearalenol (β-ZOL) and α-zearalanol (α-ZAL) after incubation for 15 min. We obtained 10 mutants with improved thermostability by single point mutation technology. Among them, mutants E122Q and E122R showed the best performance, which retained more than 30% of their initial activity at 50 °C for 2 min, and approximately 10% of their initial activity at 60 °C for 1 min. The enzymatic kinetic study showed that the catalytic efficiency of E122R was 1.3 times higher than that of the wild-type (WT). Comprehensive consideration suggests that mutant E122R is a promising hydrolase to detoxify ZEN in food and feed.
Removal of Hazardous Organic Dyes from Liquid Wastes Using Advanced Nanomaterials
Authors: Alguacil Francisco Jose , Alonso Manuel , Robla Jose Ignacio
Published: September 2024

The presence of organic dyes in aqueous environments is extremely hazardous to life due to the toxicity of these compounds. Thus, its removal from these various aquatic media is of the utmost importance, and several technologies are constantly being tested to meet this goal. Among these technologies, various types of degradation and adsorption techniques are typically used, and of the various types of materials used within these technologies, nanomaterials are constantly being developed and investigated, likely due to the various properties that these nanomaterials have. This work reviewed recent developments (in 2023) about the use of these nanomaterials in the treatment of solutions contaminated with these toxic organic dyes.
Impaired Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation and Memory Deficits upon Haploinsufficiency of MDGA1 Can Be Rescued by Acute Administration of D-Cycloserine
Authors: Ojima Daiki , Tominaga Yoko , Kubota Takashi , Tada Atsushi , Takahashi Hiroo , Kishimoto Yasushi , Tominaga Takashi , Yamamoto Tohru
Published: September 2024

The maintenance of proper brain function relies heavily on the balance of excitatory and inhibitory neural circuits, governed in part by synaptic adhesion molecules. Among these, MDGA1 (MAM domain-containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor 1) acts as a suppressor of synapse formation by interfering with Neuroligin-mediated interactions, crucial for maintaining the excitatory–inhibitory (E/I) balance. Mdga1−/− mice exhibit selectively enhanced inhibitory synapse formation in their hippocampal pyramidal neurons, leading to impaired hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and hippocampus-dependent learning and memory function; however, it has not been fully investigated yet if the reduction in MDGA1 protein levels would alter brain function. Here, we examined the behavioral and synaptic consequences of reduced MDGA1 protein levels in Mdga1+/− mice. As observed in Mdga1−/− mice, Mdga1+/− mice exhibited significant deficits in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory tasks, such as the Morris water maze and contextual fear-conditioning tests, along with a significant deficit in the long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal Schaffer collateral CA1 synapses. The acute administration of D-cycloserine, a co-agonist of NMDAR (N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor), significantly ameliorated memory impairments and restored LTP deficits specifically in Mdga1+/− mice, while having no such effect on Mdga1−/− mice. These results highlight the critical role of MDGA1 in regulating inhibitory synapse formation and maintaining the E/I balance for proper cognitive function. These findings may also suggest potential therapeutic strategies targeting the E/I imbalance to alleviate cognitive deficits associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.
Green Supplier Selection Using Advanced Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Tools
Authors: Streimikis Justas , Štreimikienė Dalia , Bathaei Ahmad , Bahramimianrood Bahador
Published: September 2024

In today’s competitive and environmentally conscious industries, the ability of organizations to adapt and respond is more important than ever. This study focuses on overcoming the obstacles faced by the Iranian automobile sector by highlighting the significance of incorporating green supply chain techniques. The research intends to integrate organizational operations with environmental sustainability goals by utilizing a MULTIMOORA strategy for supplier selection. The Iranian automobile sector, facing substantial environmental challenges, requires a strategy framework for selecting environmentally friendly suppliers in order to sustain competitiveness and fulfill ecological obligations. The study develops a supplier selection model based on extensive research and expert knowledge. The Delphi and MULTIMOORA techniques are employed to assess and prioritize suppliers according to green criteria, assuring conformity with environmental goals. Data are collected by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature and engaging in conversations with industry experts in order to acquire information for the construction of the model. The results emphasize the crucial significance of trust-based relationships with suppliers, rigorous compliance with quality standards in new product development, and substantial investment in employee training and development. Sector analysts view these characteristics as crucial for promoting sustainability and gaining a competitive advantage in the Iranian vehicle sector. This study provides firms with strategic instruments to effectively negotiate the intricacies of green supply chain management, with a particular focus on the need for adopting sustainable practices while selecting suppliers in the dynamic and competitive context of the Iranian automobile industry.
Enhancement of Photothermal Conversion by TiN Nanoparticles-Embedded Black Paint and Applications in Solar Drying of Red Chilli
Authors: Trang Van Thi Thuy , Hang Hoang Thi , Nhi Pham Quynh , Trung Nguyen Thanh , Dang Nhat-Le Bui , Le Thanh-Lieu Thi , Nhung Le Thi Cam , Nghia Nguyen Van , Can Do Van , Bui Hao Van , Ngoc Loan Le Thi
Published: September 2024

This work explores a new application of titanium nitride nanoparticles (TiN NPs) as efficient photothermal materials in enhancing the greenhouse effect. We demonstrate that a simple greenhouse using TiN NPs-embedded black paint boasts several advantages in solar drying technology, which are indicated by the drying of red chilli. In particular, the greenhouse using TiN NPs significantly improves the drying efficiency, which reduces the mass of red chilli by approximately four times and results in dried chilli with a moisture content of 10% within two days. In addition, by conducting long experiments in various environments, we found that the relative humidity can have a predominant role over the temperature in the solar drying of red chilli and observed that the re-adsorption of moisture can take place during the drying process, which prolongs the drying time and reduces the quality of the dried products.
Modelling of Bond Formation during Overprinting of PEEK Laminates
Authors: Hümbert Simon , Meth Jonas , Fricke Daniel , Voggenreiter Heinz
Published: September 2024

The rapid technological progress of large-scale CNC (computer numerical control) systems for Screw Extrusion Additive Manufacturing (SEAM) has made the overprinting of composite laminates a much-discussed topic. It offers the potential to efficiently produce functionalised high-performance structures. However, bonding the 3D-printed structure to the laminate has proven to be a critical point. In particular, the bonding mechanisms must be precisely understood and controlled to ensure in situ bonding. This work investigates the applicability of healing models from 3D printing to the overprinting of thermoplastic laminates using semi-crystalline, high-performance material like PEEK (polyether ether ketone). For this purpose, a simulation methodology for predicting the bonding behaviour is developed and tested using experimental data from a previous study. The simulation consists of a transient heat analysis and a diffusion healing model. Using this model, a qualitative prediction of the bond strength could be made by considering the influence of wetting. It was shown that the thermal history of the interface and, in particular, the tolerance of the deposition of the first layer are decisive for in situ bonding. The results show basic requirements for future process and component developments and should further advance the maturation of overprinting.
Y and ZSM-5 Hierarchical Zeolites Prepared Using a Surfactant-Mediated Strategy: Effect of the Treatment Conditions
Authors: Ruggiu Andrea , Carvalho Ana Paula , Rombi Elisabetta , Martins Angela , Rocha João , Parpot Pier , Neves Isabel C. , Cutrufello Maria Giorgia
Published: September 2024

Diffusional limitations associated with zeolite microporous systems can be overcome by developing hierarchical zeolites, i.e., materials with a micro- and mesoporous framework. In this work, Y and ZSM-5 zeolites were modified using a surfactant-mediated hydrothermal alkaline method, with NaOH and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). For Y zeolite, after a mild acidic pretreatment, the effect of the NaOH+CTAB treatment time was investigated. For ZSM-5 zeolite, different concentrations of the base and acid solutions were tested in the two-step pretreatment preceding the hydrothermal treatment. The properties of the materials were studied with different physical–chemical techniques. Hierarchical Y zeolites were characterized by 3.3–5 nm pores formed during the alkaline treatment through the structure reconstruction around the surfactant aggregates. The effectiveness of the NaOH+CTAB treatment was highly dependent on the duration. For intermediate treatment times (6–12 h), both smaller and larger mesopores were also obtained. Hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites showed a disordered mesoporosity, mainly resulting from the pretreatment rather than from the subsequent hydrothermal treatment. High mesoporosity was obtained when the concentration of the pretreating base solution was sufficiently high and that of the acid one was not excessive. Hierarchical materials can be obtained for both zeolite structures, but the pretreatment and treatment conditions must be tailored to the starting zeolite and the desired type of mesoporosity.
Alkali-Activated Binders as Sustainable Alternatives to Portland Cement and Their Resistance to Saline Water
Authors: Luga Erion , Mustafaraj Enea , Corradi Marco , Atiș Cengiz Duran
Published: September 2024

Alkali-activated binders have emerged as promising alternatives to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) due to their sustainability features and potential advantages. This study evaluates the durability properties of heat-cured fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) geopolymer mortars activated with sodium hydroxide, which were subjected to wet–dry cycling in saline environments. Three series of FA, a FA/GGBFS blend, and GGBFS mortars previously optimized on a compressive strength basis were investigated and compared against two control OPC mixes. Performance indicators such as the water absorption, porosity, flexural strength, and compressive strength were analyzed. The results demonstrate that geopolymer mortars have significantly reduced water absorption and porosity with increasing wet–dry cycles. The compressive strength of the FA/GGBFS mortars also increased from 66.5 MPa (untreated) to 87.9 MPa over 45 cycles. The flexural strength remained stable or improved slightly across all geopolymer mortars. The control OPC specimens experienced significant deterioration, with compressive strength in CEM I 42.5R dropping from 51.8 to 17.1 MPa. These findings highlight the superior durability of geopolymer mortars under harsh saline conditions, demonstrating their potential as a resilient alternative for coastal and marine structures.
Research on Alkali-Activated Slag Stabilization of Dredged Silt Based on a Response Surface Method
Authors: Hu Qizhi , Yao Wei , Tao Gaoliang
Published: September 2024

To improve the resource utilization of dredged silt and industrial waste, this study explores the efficacy of using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), active calcium oxide (CaO), and sodium silicate (Na2O·nSiO2) as alkali activators for silt stabilization. Through a combination of addition tests, response surface method experiments, and microscopic analyses, we identified key factors influencing the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of stabilized silt, optimized material ratios, and elucidated stabilization mechanisms. The results revealed the following: (1) CaO exhibited the most pronounced stabilization effect, succeeded by Na2O·nSiO2, whereas GGBS alone displayed marginal efficacy. CaO-stabilized silt demonstrated rapid strength augmentation within the initial 7 d, while Na2O·nSiO2-stabilized silt demonstrated a more gradual strength enhancement over time, attributable to the delayed hydration of GGBS in non-alkaline conditions, with strength increments noticeably during later curing phases. (2) Response surface analysis demonstrated substantial interactions among GGBS-CaO and GGBS-Na2O·nSiO2, with the optimal dosages identified as 11.5% for GGBS, 4.1% for CaO, and 5.9% for Na2O·nSiO2. (3) X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses clarified that the hydration reactions within the GGBS-Na2O·nSiO2 composite cementitious system synergistically enhanced one another, with hydration products wrapping, filling, and binding the silt particles, thereby rendering the microstructure denser and more stable. Based on these experimental outcomes, we propose a microstructural mechanism model for the stabilization of dredged silt employing GGBS-CaO-Na2O·nSiO2.
Lab-on-Chip Systems for Cell Sorting: Main Features and Advantages of Inertial Focusing in Spiral Microchannels
Authors: Petruzzellis Isabella , Martínez Vázquez Rebeca , Caragnano Stefania , Gaudiuso Caterina , Osellame Roberto , Ancona Antonio , Volpe Annalisa
Published: September 2024

Inertial focusing-based Lab-on-Chip systems represent a promising technology for cell sorting in various applications, thanks to their alignment with the ASSURED criteria recommended by the World Health Organization: Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid and Robust, Equipment-free, and Delivered. Inertial focusing techniques using spiral microchannels offer a rapid, portable, and easy-to-prototype solution for cell sorting. Various microfluidic devices have been investigated in the literature to understand how hydrodynamic forces influence particle focusing in spiral microchannels. This is crucial for the effective prototyping of devices that allow for high-throughput and efficient filtration of particles of different sizes. However, a clear, comprehensive, and organized overview of current research in this area is lacking. This review aims to fill this gap by offering a thorough summary of the existing literature, thereby guiding future experimentation and facilitating the selection of spiral geometries and materials for cell sorting in microchannels. To this end, we begin with a detailed theoretical introduction to the physical mechanisms underlying particle separation in spiral microfluidic channels. We also dedicate a section to the materials and prototyping techniques most commonly used for spiral microchannels, highlighting and discussing their respective advantages and disadvantages. Subsequently, we provide a critical examination of the key details of inertial focusing across various cross-sections (rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular, hybrid) in spiral devices as reported in the literature.
Indole-3-Butyric Acid, a Natural Auxin, Protects against Fenton Reaction-Induced Oxidative Damage in Porcine Thyroid
Authors: Skoczyńska Anna K. , Gładysz Aleksandra K. , Stępniak Jan , Karbownik-Lewińska Małgorzata
Published: September 2024

We present results on the potential protective antioxidant properties of indole-3-butyric acid. Indole-3-butyric acid is an indole derivative defined as an auxin and widely known as a plant growth regulator. It naturally occurs in Arabidopsis thaliana, which is applied as a model plant in genetic studies. Oxidative damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation; LPO) in porcine thyroid homogenates was induced by Fenton reaction substrates (Fe2+ + H2O2). Iron (Fe2+) was used in very high concentrations of 1200, 600, 300, 150, 75, 37.5, 18.75, 9.375, 4.687, and 2.343 µM. Indole-3-butyric acid (10.0, 5.0, 2.5, 1.25, and 0.625 mM) was applied to check whether it prevents the above process. The LPO level, expressed as malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + 4-HDA) concentration, was measured spectrophotometrically. Expectedly, Fenton reaction substrates, in a Fe2+ concentration-dependent manner, increased LPO level, with the lowest effective concentration of iron being 9.375 µM. In the case of almost all concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid, this auxin has exhibited very promising antioxidant protection, with the most effective concentrations being 10.0 and 5.0 mM; however, as low concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid at 1.25 mM was still effective. Indole-3-butyric acid used alone did not change the basal level of LPO, which is a favourable effect. To summarise, indole-3-butyric acid has protective antioxidant properties against experimentally induced oxidative damage to membrane lipids in the thyroid, and this is for the first time documented in the literature. This compound can be considered a natural protective agent present in plants, which can serve as a dietary nutrient.
Contemporary Themes in Dietary Intake in Rugby Union Players: A Narrative Review
Authors: Roberts Charlie J. , Gough Lewis A.
Published: September 2024

Rugby union is an intermittent team sport with variability in body composition and match-play demands between positions which requires careful consideration for individual dietary requirements. While previous reviews have detailed the macronutrient intake in rugby players, none have discussed the further determinants of dietary intake in this population. Therefore, the purpose of the current review was to summarise the current evidence detailing dietary intake in rugby union players, report on contemporary nutritional research themes, and provide recommendations for athletes, nutritionists, and other stakeholders. In total, eighteen articles report on dietary intake in rugby players, with only one of these detailing dietary intake in female athletes. Recent studies have reported on both protein and carbohydrate periodisation practices in rugby union players; however, there is currently limited evidence as to the influence of these on performance, recovery, and well-being. Factors influencing eating patterns, the impact of sports nutritionists on dietary intake, and food consumption in catered and non-catered environments has been explored in isolated studies. Nutrition knowledge levels in rugby players have been reported in several studies; however, the influence this has on dietary intake in rugby players is unknown. Collectively, despite new contemporary themes emerging in the literature concerning dietary intake in rugby players, the studies are isolated; as such, there is limited scope to the translatability of information due to heterogeneity in sex, level of play, and location of participants. Given this, future research should aim to build upon the themes identified in this review in combination to support practitioners working within their specific environments. This will subsequently build towards the generation of rugby-specific recommendations.
Food Neophobia in Children Aged 1–6 Years—Between Disorder and Autonomy: Assessment of Food Preferences and Eating Patterns
Authors: Krupa-Kotara Karolina , Nowak Beata , Markowski Jarosław , Rozmiarek Mateusz , Grajek Mateusz
Published: September 2024

Food neophobia, defined as fear or aversion to eating new or unfamiliar foods, is a significant challenge, especially in the context of preschool children. In the scientific literature, this phenomenon is often described as a natural developmental stage, but its severity and impact on preferences and eating patterns still raise many questions. The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence of food neophobia in children aged 1 to 6 years and to analyze its relationship with eating habits, preferences, and eating patterns. The study was conducted using a proprietary questionnaire and validated research tools such as the Child Feeding Scale (MCH-FS) and Food Neophobia Scale (FNS). The study included 345 children, of whom 59.1% were observed to be at significant risk for food neophobia. The results of the study suggest that food neophobia is not a common phenomenon in children aged 1–2 years but becomes more pronounced later in childhood. Another important finding was that food neophobia shows a stronger association with established eating patterns than with individual taste preferences. Considering these results, this phenomenon should be considered not only as a natural part of child development, but also as a potential indicator of eating disorders that may require intervention. These findings underscore the need for further research that could deepen the understanding of the mechanisms governing food neophobia and its long-term consequences for child health.
Potassium Intake and Bone Health: A Narrative Review
Authors: Abate Veronica , Vergatti Anita , Altavilla Nadia , Garofano Francesca , Salcuni Antonio Stefano , Rendina Domenico , De Filippo Gianpaolo , Vescini Fabio , D’Elia Lanfranco
Published: September 2024

Potassium is a cation involved in the resting phase of membrane potential. Diets rich in fresh fruit and vegetables, whole grains, dairy products, and coffee have high potassium content. The shift from a pre-agriculture diet to today’s consumption has led to reduced potassium intake. Indeed, the Western diet pattern is characterized by a high daily intake of saturated fats, sugars, sodium, proteins from red meat, and refined carbohydrates with a low potassium intake. These reductions are also mirrored by high sodium intakes and a high consumption of acid-generating food, which promote a chronic state of low-grade metabolic acidosis. The low-grade metabolic acidosis is a cause of the bone-wasting effect. Therefore, a long-standing acidotic state brings into play the bone that contributes to the buffering process through an increase in osteoclastic resorption. In consideration of this background, we carried out a review that focused on the pathophysiological mechanisms of the relationship between dietary potassium intake and bone health, underlining the detrimental effects of the Western dietary patterns characterized by low potassium consumption.
Effects of Purified Vitexin and Iso-Vitexin from Mung Bean Seed Coat on Antihyperglycemic Activity and Gut Microbiota in Overweight Individuals’ Modulation
Authors: Yutharaksanukul Pornlada , Tangpromphan Preuk , Tunsagool Paiboon , Sae-tan Sudathip , Nitisinprasert Sunee , Somnuk Surasawadee , Nakphaichit Massalin , Pusuntisumpun Nut , Wanikorn Bandhita
Published: September 2024

Exceeding a healthy weight significantly elevates the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM). A commercially available singular constituent, available as either purified vitexin or iso-vitexin, has been associated with a decreased risk of T2DM, but its synergistic effect has not been reported yet. Vitexin and iso-vitexin were extracted using an ethanol-based solvent from mung bean seed coat (MBCE) and subsequently purified using preparative liquid chromatography (Prep-LC). Eleven mixture ratios of vitexin and/or iso-vitexin were determined for their antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activities. The 1:1.5 ratio of vitexin to iso-vitexin from MBCE demonstrated the most synergistic effects for enzyme inhibition and glucose uptake in HepG2 cells within an insulin-resistant system, while these ratios exhibited a significantly lower antioxidant capacity than that of each individual component. In a gut model system, the ratio of 1:1.5 (vitexin and iso-vitexin) regulated the gut microbiota composition in overweight individuals by decreasing the growth of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae, while increasing in Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae. The application of vitexin/iso-vitexin for 24 h fermentation enhanced a high variety of abundances of 21 genera resulting in five genera of Parabacteroides, Ruminococcus, Roseburia, Enterocloster, and Peptacetobacter, which belonged to the phylum Firmicutes, exhibiting high abundant changes of more than 5%. Only two genera of Proteus and Butyricicoccus belonging to Proteobacteria and Firmicutes decreased. The findings suggest that these phytochemicals interactions could have synergistic effects in regulating glycemia, through changes in antihyperglycemic activity and in the gut microbiota in overweight individuals. This optimal ratio can be utilized by industries to formulate more potent functional ingredients for functional foods and to create nutraceutical supplements aimed at reducing the risk of T2DM in overweight individuals.
Parecoxib Enhances Resveratrol against Human Colorectal Cancer Cells through Akt and TXNDC5 Inhibition and MAPK Regulation
Authors: Chang Wan-Ling , Yang Kai-Chien , Peng Jyun-Yu , Hong Chain-Lang , Li Pei-Ching , Chye Soi Moi , Lu Fung-Jou , Shih Ching-Wei , Chen Ching-Hsein
Published: September 2024

In this study, we discovered the mechanisms underlying parecoxib and resveratrol combination’s anti-cancer characteristics against human colorectal cancer DLD-1 cells. We studied its anti-proliferation and apoptosis-provoking effect by utilizing cell viability 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, fluorescence microscope, gene overexpression, Western blot, and flow cytometry analyses. Parecoxib enhanced the ability of resveratrol to inhibit cell viability and increase apoptosis. Parecoxib in combination with resveratrol strongly enhanced apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of thioredoxin domain containing 5 (TXNDC5) and Akt phosphorylation. Parecoxib enhanced resveratrol-provoked c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 phosphorylation. Overexpression of TXNDC5 and repression of JNK and p38 pathways significantly reversed the inhibition of cell viability and stimulation of apoptosis by the parecoxib/resveratrol combination. This study presents evidence that parecoxib enhances the anti-cancer power of resveratrol in DLD-1 colorectal cancer cells via the inhibition of TXNDC5 and Akt signaling and enhancement of JNK/p38 MAPK pathways. Parecoxib may be provided as an efficient drug to sensitize colorectal cancer by resveratrol.
Study of the Reinforcing Effect and Antibacterial Activity of Edible Films Based on a Mixture of Chitosan/Cassava Starch Filled with Bentonite Particles with Intercalated Ginger Essential Oil
Authors: Castro David , Podshivalov Aleksandr , Ponomareva Alina , Zhilenkov Anton
Published: September 2024

Edible films based on biopolymers are used to protect food from adverse environmental factors. However, their ample use may be hindered by some challenges to their mechanical and antimicrobial properties. Despite this, in most cases, increasing their mechanical properties and antibacterial activity remains a relevant challenge. To solve this problem, a possible option is to fill the biopolymer matrix of films with a functional filler that combines high reinforcing and antibacterial properties. In this work, biocomposite films based on a mixture of chitosan and cassava starch were filled with a hybrid filler in the form of bentonite clay particles loaded with ginger essential oil (GEO) in their structure with varied concentrations. For this purpose, GEO components were intercalated into bentonite clay interlayer space using a mechanical capture approach without using surface-active and toxic agents. The structure and loading efficiency of the essential oil in the obtained hybrid filler were analyzed by lyophilization and laser analysis of dispersions, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The filled biocomposite films were analyzed using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, optical and scanning electron spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, mechanical analysis under tension, and the disk diffusion method for antibacterial activity. The results demonstrated that the tensile strength, Young’s modulus, elongation at the break, and the antibacterial effect of the films increased by 40%, 19%, 44%, and 23%, respectively, compared to unfilled film when the filler concentration was 0.5–1 wt.%.
Leibniz and the Religion of the Mohammadans
Authors: Johns Christopher
Published: September 2024

Throughout his correspondence and writings, Leibniz made a number of passing references to the religion of the Mohammadans (Islam) and to several Islamic commentators. Recent literature on these references has placed them in the context of Leibniz’s political and historical interests that largely reflect his Eurocentric prejudices. The purpose of this paper is to extract a more detailed and systematic view of Leibniz’s knowledge of and interest in the religion, through Leibniz’s remarks on Islam in relation to Christian doctrines such as the Trinity and the Incarnation, through the commentary of Maimonides and the Christian Averroists, and through a (partly speculative) comparison of three types of theodicy. The paper concludes that while Leibniz knew very little about Islam’s actual doctrines, and that he was subject to the prejudicial views of his time, he understood Islam, as he did Christianity, as largely in conformity with natural (rational) religion. At the same time, his interest in its specific doctrines was primarily instrumental, that is, as correctives to certain abusive practices and misunderstandings persisting within Christianity, which could then explain for him why Islam prevailed in the East.
Life Cycle Assessment of Green Synthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles vs. Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Rodríguez-Rojas María del Pilar , Bustos-Terrones Victoria , Díaz-Cárdenas María Yesenia , Vázquez-Vélez Edna , Martínez Horacio
Published: September 2024

One of the challenges of our time is replacing the existing fossil fuel-based economy with a green one in the framework of developing a sustainable society. The biological synthesis of nanoparticles from plant extracts is currently under study for developing environmentally compatible nanoparticle synthesis and avoiding adverse effects. The environmental impacts of emissions, energy requirements, and energy losses are calculated to comparatively evaluate the effects of the traditional process, in addition to any new one, in obtaining TiO2 nanoparticles from the life cycle point of view. The two methods are syntheses via green chemistry (using an aqueous extract of Cymbopogon citratus) and via the chloride route, which are some of the most used methods for the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles owing to them having the most advanced production processes. The life cycle analysis was carried out using OpenLCA software, which showed that the production of chemically synthesized TiO2 contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and respiratory effects caused by inorganic substances. On the other hand, green synthesis contributes to reductions in toxicity and greenhouse gas emissions.
Fundamental Research on Sustainable Building Design for the Rural Elderly: A Field Study of Various Subjective Responses to Thermal Environments and Comfort Demands during Summer in Xi’an, China
Authors: Zheng Wuxing , Feng Ranran , Wang Yingluo , Shao Teng , Chow David , Zhang Lei
Published: September 2024

Well-designed residential thermal environments that meet the comfort and health needs of elderly individuals can enhance their well-being and decrease associated health risks, which is one of the foundations of sustainable building development. However, limited evidence on thermal response patterns and thermal comfort needs of rural elderly leads to insufficient support for improving thermal environments. This study was conducted in seven villages in Xi’an, a cold region of China, and both subjective questionnaires of thermal comfort and objective physical environment tests were adopted. Correlations between nine kinds of human subjective responses and thermal environmental parameters were examined. The neutral values of operative temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity were calculated to be 23.9 °C, 63.3%, and 0.28 m/s, respectively. Comfort ranges for temperature, humidity, and air velocity were determined to be ≤29.3 °C (80% acceptability), 43.3–81.0% (80% acceptability), and 0.16–0.41 m/s (90% acceptability). Clothing insulation of rural elderly in summer was relatively higher and less sensitive to temperature shifts. The slope value of the thermal adaptative model was larger, with higher comfort temperatures in warmer environments. These results are the outcome of the prolonged adaptability to the regional climate and the poor indoor thermal environment, as evidenced by lower psychological expectations, higher behavior adjustment, and environmental decisions influenced by household low income. The findings in this study can be used as a basis for the design or improvement of residential thermal environments for rural older adults.
Integrating the Energy Performance Gap into Life Cycle Assessments of Building Renovations
Authors: Decorte Yanaika , Steeman Marijke , Van Den Bossche Nathan
Published: September 2024

The environmental impact of building energy renovation is commonly evaluated through life cycle assessment (LCA). However, existing LCA studies often overlook the energy performance gap—a substantial disparity between calculated and actual energy use—when estimating operational energy use before and after renovation. This paper examines the influence of the energy performance gap on the comparative LCA between unrenovated and renovated buildings. First, a statistical correction model, based on a recent large-scale Flemish study, is developed to correct regulatory calculated energy use for space heating and domestic hot water in a pragmatic way. Subsequently, the model is applied to four single-family dwellings with different energy characteristics that underwent renovation in accordance with Flemish energy regulations. The results show that the anticipated environmental savings over a 60-year study period decrease significantly when the correction model is applied, reducing the estimated savings of 49–80% to 21–49%. Moreover, environmental payback times increase from 2.9–9.1 years to 10.4–22.5 years. Notably, neglecting the energy performance gap in LCAs leads to systematic underestimations of the material use significance. This research underscores the importance of integrating the energy performance gap into LCAs to obtain more accurate estimations of the environmental benefits of energy renovations.
Do Diagnostic Nerve Blocks Affect the Starting Dose of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A for Spasticity? A Case-Control Study
Authors: Filippetti Mirko , Tamburin Stefano , Di Censo Rita , Aldegheri Roberto , Mantovani Elisa , Spina Stefania , Battaglia Marco , Baricich Alessio , Santamato Andrea , Smania Nicola , Picelli Alessandro
Published: September 2024

One of the aims of diagnostic nerve blocks is to identify the overactive muscles that lead to a specific spasticity pattern. However, to date, there is no evidence on how nerve blocks may affect botulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A) dose in patients with spasticity. This case-control study aims to assess the role of diagnostic nerve block in defining BoNT-A starting dose at first treatment. Patients with upper and lower limb spasticity treated for the first time with BoNT-A were retrospectively divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 43) was evaluated with clinical assessment and diagnostic nerve block; Group 2 (n = 56) underwent clinical assessment only. Group 1 was injected with higher BoNT-A doses in some muscles (i.e., flexor digitorum profundus, soleus), and received a higher BoNT-A cumulative dose with a larger number of injected muscles for some spasticity patterns (i.e., “clenched fist”, “flexed fingers”, “adducted thigh”). Diagnostic nerve block may help the clinician to optimize and personalize the BoNT-A dose since the first BoNT-A treatment.
VARS and HDMR Sensitivity Analysis of Groundwater Flow Modeling through an Alluvial Aquifer Subject to Tidal Effects
Authors: Samper Javier , Sobral Brais , Pisani Bruno , Mon Alba , López-Vázquez Carlos , Samper-Pilar Javier
Published: September 2024

Groundwater flow and transport models are essential tools for assessing and quantifying the migration of organic contaminants at polluted sites. Uncertainties in the hydrodynamic and transport parameters of the aquifer have a significant effect on model predictions. Uncertainties can be quantified with advanced sensitivity methods such as Sobol’s High Dimensional Model Reduction (HDMR) and Variogram Analysis of Response Surfaces (VARS). Here we present the application of VARS and HDMR to assess the global sensitivities of the outputs of a transient groundwater flow model of the Gállego alluvial aquifer which is located downstream of the Sardas landfill in Huesca (Spain). The aquifer is subject to the tidal effects caused by the daily oscillations of the water level in the Sabiñánigo reservoir. Global sensitivities are analyzed for hydraulic heads, aquifer/reservoir fluxes, groundwater Darcy velocity, and hydraulic head calibration metrics. Input parameters include aquifer hydraulic conductivities and specific storage, aquitard vertical hydraulic conductivities, and boundary inflows and conductances. VARS, HDMR, and graphical methods agree to identify the most influential parameters, which for most of the outputs are the hydraulic conductivities of the zones closest to the landfill, the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the most permeable zones of the aquitard, and the boundary inflow coming from the landfill. The sensitivity of heads and aquifer/reservoir fluxes with respect to specific storage change with time. The aquifer/reservoir flux when the reservoir level is high shows interactions between specific storage and aquitard conductivity. VARS and HDMR parameter rankings are similar for the most influential parameters. However, there are discrepancies for the less relevant parameters. The efficiency of VARS was demonstrated by achieving stable results with a relatively small number of simulations.
Migration of Water and Sand Inrush through the Mining-Induced Caving Zone: Insights from Model Test and Numerical Analysis
Authors: Liang Yankun , Yuan Shichong , Ma Shuang , Han Guilei , Shi Jiabin
Published: September 2024

Due to the thin bedrock, typical geological characteristics, and the high-intensity underground mining in western China, the water and sand inrush pour into the panels through the broken rock fragmentations in the caving zone, which could result in serious financial losses or even casualties. This paper investigated the influence of the height of the caving zone and the size of sand particles on the speed of water and sand inrush by the methods of laboratory tests and numerical simulation. The test results reveal that the speed of sand flow decreases with an increase in the height of the caving zone until the height of the caving zone approaches a certain value, and the speed of sand flow decreases with the increase in sand particles. The particle flow (PFC3D) method was used to simulate the experiment to study the dynamic changes in the force chain during the process of water and sand inrush. The simulation results show that the process of water and sand inrush is a continuous and variable process of force chain formation and break. Sand particles only flow through the gap between the caving zones, and during this process, some sand particles remain, which makes the force chain gradually become stable and the speed of water and sand inrush slow.
Research on the Threshold of the Transverse Gradient of the Floodplain in the Lower Yellow River Based on a Flood Risk Assessment Model
Authors: Zheng Zhao , Li Ming , Quan Liyu , Ai Guangzhang , Niu Chaojie , Hu Caihong
Published: September 2024

Due to the influence of water and sediment conditions, engineering projects, channel erosion and siltation, river-related factors, and human activities (such as adjustments in floodplain production structures and village construction), there have been significant variations in the transverse gradient of the floodplain in the lower Yellow River. An irrational transverse gradient can lead to the rapid conversion of gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy during the flood evolution process, resulting in increased flow velocity and inundated areas. Exploring reasonable transverse gradients can provide technical support for floodplain management. Using “flood risk assessment” as a keyword, research papers from the Web of Science core database and CNKI published in the past five years were collected. Through a VOS viewer analysis of indicators, a flood risk assessment model based on the “Source–Path–Receptor–Consequence–Resilience” framework was established. A two-dimensional water and sediment model was used to simulate flood inundation scenarios with different transverse gradients in the same flood event, evaluate flood risks in the floodplain, and determine the optimal transverse gradient based on flood risk levels. The results indicate that, compared to low transverse gradients, moderate and high transverse gradients have a more significant driving effect on flood inundation, increasing flood risk opportunities for floodplains. Lower transverse gradients (i.e., TG = 10LG = 1.25‰) are the most favorable for flood protection in the floodplain after flood inundation.
Онтологический подход при оценке деловой репутации компании
Authors:   Мурманский филиал Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ, Опальский Александр , Грачёва Анна ,   ООО "Абсолют Трейд"
Published: September 2024

Управление активами компании как совокупностью ее имущественных прав является важным процессом хозяйственной жизни. Анализ и оценка активов важна для принятия управленческих решений. Процесс оценивания активов компании осложняется тем, что активы рассматриваются как часть функционирующего комплекса или как самостоятельный вид. Поскольку справедливое оценивание повышает достоверность выводов и значимость фирмы- оценщика, то формализация ее рекомендаций должна опираться на термины онтологии, используемые для внутреннего кодирования пользовательских знаний. Оценка объектов интеллектуальной собственности обусловлена требованиями рынка в отношениях субъектов хозяйствования. Поскольку справедливая оценка повышает достоверность выводов, опирающихся на используемые для внутреннего кодирования пользовательских знаний термины онтологии, в статье делается акцент на результаты интеллектуальной деятельности, которая отличается правовым содержанием и рядом особенностей отражения нематериальных активов в бухгалтерском учете. Исходя из практики создания онтологий, невозможно утверждать о наличии единого универсального подхода, который способствовал бы абсолютно успешному результату, но для оценщиков этот метод представляется наиболее оптимальным.
URGENSI FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA
Authors: Mizkat Eva , Zaim M. , Thahar Harris Effendi
Published: September 2024

This research discusses the importance of educational philosophy in the context of language learning. It is considered a theoretical foundation that plays a central role in guiding the goals and methodologies of language learning. By exploring its role in formulating the goals of language education, guiding teaching methods, and creating a conducive learning environment, this research reveals the urgency of educational philosophy in shaping meaningful language learning experiences. The results of this study reveal that the importance of understanding the urgency of educational philosophy in language learning is the first step to creating a better and sustainable educational future. Therefore, educators, researchers, and educational policymakers are urged to pay attention to and consider the philosophical basis in every language learning policy and practice.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN VARIATIF DENGAN PEMANFAATAN APLIKASI CANVA PADA TINGKAT SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Fitriani Ria , Sitorus Friska Ria , - Salim , Khairani Putri
Published: September 2024

The development of digital technology is closely related to developments in the world of education. This is because the rapid development of technology is very influential in the development of information and communication, so this provides positive benefits that can be utilized in the world of education. To produce effective learning, varied learning media are needed. This article's development of varied learning utilizes the Canva application at the elementary school level. Canva is one of the many applications that can be used to design varied learning media. As a facilitator in the learning process, the teacher's job is to present meaningful and enjoyable learning so that it can make students become more focused and arouse their thinking in order to encourage students to be motivated to learn to become students who have superior human resources and have the profile of Pancasila students.
ANALISIS NILAI MORAL DALAM NOVEL RASA KARYA TERE LIYE
Authors: Tri Ananda Nadya , Kusyani Diah , Lubis Lailan Syafira Putri
Published: September 2024

This research is motivated by the fact that moral values are essential; novels, as written works of literature that contain moral values, can motivate readers. The purpose of the research is to describe the form of moral values in the novel Rasa by Tere Liye and the form of moral value delivery used by the author in the novel Rasa by Tere Liye. This type of research is library research. The results of this study found that the form of moral values contained in the novel Rasa by Tere Liye includes the form of moral values in human relationships with themselves, namely self-existence there are 7 data, self-esteem there are 2 data, self-confidence there are 4 data, fear there are 0 data, revenge there are 3 data, loneliness there are 1 data. The form of moral values in human relations with other humans in the social environment, namely solid friendship there are 3 data, betrayal there are 4 data; parental affection for children are 8 data; children's affection for parents there are 2 data; teacher advice to students there are 2 data. The form of moral values in human relationships with God, namely praying to God, has 0 data, and being grateful has 1 data. The form of conveying moral values used by the author in the novel Rasa by Tere Liye, namely the form of conveying moral values directly consists of 15 data, and the form of conveying morals indirectly consists of 5 data.