bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Angola Prison’s Black Ecologies
Authors: Hosbey Justin
Published: January 2025

This article fuses ethnography, spatial analysis, interviews, and archival research to explore the ways that people incarcerated at the Louisiana State Penitentiary (LSP) experience the uneven impacts of anthropogenic climate change. LSP, more commonly known as Angola Prison, is the largest maximum-security prison in the United States. The prison population is majority Black, and most of the people incarcerated at Angola will spend the majority of their lives imprisoned there. Angola was established post-Civil War with the consolidation of four plantations in northern Louisiana into a prison farm, built and maintained by the same regimes of forced labor, torture, sexual violence, and authoritarianism as the plantations which preceded it. Angola has always been a lucrative site of agricultural production due to its proximity to the floodplain at a bend in the Mississippi, the product of its rich soils routinely replenished by the river’s deluging of the land. However, anthropogenic climate change has increased the level of inundation in the lower Mississippi Delta, leading to an increase in catastrophic flooding in the region. The prison has been evacuated several times over the past 20 years due to flooding, leading to the deaths of several elderly inmates and intensified regimes of forced labor as inmates are forced to work harder every year to maintain a failing levee system. This essay utilizes a Black Ecologies framework to explore not only the lived experiences of people enduring the effects of these climate disasters while incarcerated but also the important political and intellectual contributions made by Angola’s prisoners since the mid-19th century. A Black Ecologies framework elucidates how, despite unlivable conditions, inmates at Angola have provided crucial critiques of the prison industrial complex that crystallize an emergent form of authoritarianism that articulates itself at the convergence of anthropogenic climate change, racial capitalism, and incarceration. Angola’s carceral ecologies have key implications for environmental justice scholarship, and this article argues that the lived experiences and political critiques of incarcerated people must become integrated into contemporary environmental justice struggles.
Internal evaluation and student happiness for effective math teaching and empowerment
Authors: Joshi Dirgha Raj , Belbase Shashidhar , Khanal Jeevan , Sharma Chapai Krishna Prasad , Adhikari Krishna Prasad , Joshi Bishnu Maya
Published: January 2025

Empowering students in mathematics is a key objective of school mathematics education. This study aimed to explore the impact of effective pedagogy, internal evaluation, and student happiness in mathematics learning on student empowerment. A cross-sectional survey design was employed involving 3,734 school students (46.9% at the basic level and 53.1% at the high school level) in Nepal. The data were analyzed using independent samples t-tests and structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings revealed that internal evaluation of students’ mathematics learning affected student empowerment, particularly in public (government supported) and basic schools (in Grade 8). Students’ perceptions of effective pedagogy in mathematics learning influenced student empowerment only in institutional (private) schools. Students’ mathematical happiness could predict student empowerment across the sample, favoring both public and private, and high schools (in Grade 10). Effective pedagogy predicted students’ mathematical happiness when mediated through internal evaluation in the overall sample, favoring public and high schools. Effective pedagogy and student empowerment have a positive relationship mediated through internal evaluation and mathematical happiness, especially in public schools and high schools. Additionally, effective pedagogy and student empowerment had a positive relationship mediated through internal evaluation in the overall sample, favoring public and basic schools. Some recommendations have been suggested.
A practical guide for choosing an optimal spatial transcriptomics technology from seven major commercially available options
Authors: Lim Hyun Ju , Wang Ye , Buzdin Anton , Li Xinmin
Published: January 2025

Spatial transcriptomics technology enables the mapping of gene expression within tissues, allowing researchers to visualize the spatial distribution of RNA molecules and gain insights into cellular organization, interactions, and functions in their native environments. A variety of spatial technologies are now commercially available, each offering distinct technical parameters such as cellular resolution, detection sensitivity, gene coverage, and throughput. This wide range of options can make it challenges or create confusion for researchers to select the most appropriate platform for their specific research objectives. In this paper, we will analyze and compare seven major commercially available spatial platforms to guide researchers in choosing the most suitable option for their needs.
Decoding the chicken gastrointestinal microbiome
Authors: Burrows PB. , Godoy-Santos F. , Lawther K. , Richmond A. , Corcionivoschi N. , Huws SA.
Published: January 2025

Metataxonomic studies have underpinned a vast understanding of microbial communities residing within livestock gastrointestinal tracts, albeit studies have often not been combined to provide a global census. Consequently, in this study we characterised the overall and common ‘core’ chicken microbiota associated with the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), whilst assessing the effects of GIT site, bird breed, age and geographical location on the GIT resident microbes using metataxonomic data compiled from studies completed across the world. Specifically, bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA sequences from GIT samples associated with various breeds, differing in age, GIT sites (caecum, faeces, ileum and jejunum) and geographical location were obtained from the Sequence Read Archive and analysed using the MGnify pipeline. Metataxonomic profiles produced across the 602 datasets illustrated the presence of 3 phyla, 25 families and 30 genera, of which core genera (defined by presence in over 90% of datasets) belonged to Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Butyricicoccus, Eisenbergiella, Subdoligranulum, Oscillibacter, Clostridium & Blautia. PERMANOVA analysis also showed that GIT site, bird breed, age and geographical location all had a significant effect on GIT microbial diversity, regardless of dietary factors, which were not considered in this study. On a genus level, Faecalibacterium was most abundant in the caeca, Lactobacillus was most abundant in the faeces, ileum and jejunum, with the data showing that the caeca and faeces were most diverse. AIL F8 progeny, Ross 308 and Cobb 500 breeds GIT bacteria were dominated by Lactobacillus, and Eisenbergiella, Megamonas and Bacteroides were most abundant amongst Sasso-T451A and Tibetan chicken breeds. Microbial communities within each GIT site develop with age, from a Lactobacillus and Streptococcus dominated community during the earlier stages of growth, towards a Faecalibacterium, Eisenbergiella, Bacteroides, Megamonas, and Lactobacillus dominated community during the later stages of life. Geographical locations, and thus environmental effectors, also impacted upon gastrointestinal tract microbiota, with Canadian and European datasets being dominated by Lactobacillus, whilst UK and Chinese datasets were dominated by Eisenbergiella and Bacteroides respectively. This study aids in defining what ‘normal’ is within poultry gastrointestinal tract microbiota globally, which is imperative to enhancing the microbiome for productive and environmental improvements.
Health literacy and medication adherence in adults from ethnic minority backgrounds with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a systematic review
Authors: Parmar Jinal , El Masri Aymen , MacMillan Freya , McCaffery Kirsten , Arora Amit
Published: January 2025

Background

For people living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), achieving optimal health outcomes requires optimal self-management and adherence to medical treatment. While some studies suggest an association between poor medication adherence and lower levels of health literacy, the evidence for this association remains inconclusive. This systematic review aimed to synthesise the evidence on the association between health literacy and medication adherence among adults from ethnic minority backgrounds living with T2DM.

Methods

Medline (Ovid), The Cochrane Library, Embase (Ovid), PsycInfo (EBSCO), and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) (EBSCO) were searched systematically for peer-reviewed literature, published until January 2024. Studies were included in this review if they assessed health literacy and medication adherence among ethnic minority people with T2DM. Two reviewers independently screened and selected the studies, extracted data from the included articles, and assessed the methodological quality of the studies. The methodological quality and bias in designing, conducting, and analysis of each study were evaluated using a standardised JBI critical appraisal tool.

Results

Of the total 6,318 identified studies, seven studies were included in the review. The total participant sample sizes across these studies varied from 53 to 408 participants. All included studies incorporated cross-sectional design for the research, with the majority conducted in the USA. Of the seven unique studies, only one study observed a significant association between health literacy and medication adherence among people from an ethnic minority background.

Conclusions

Evidence on the association between health literacy and medication adherence in ethnic minority adults with T2DM is weak and inconsistent. To understand this association more clearly in ethnic minority populations and to address the disparities in cultural and linguistic considerations, well-designed studies are required.

Trial registration

This review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022328346).
Training received, knowledge, and use of Silver Diamine Fluoride among Italian dentists: a nationwide survey
Authors: Salerno Claudia , Conti Giulio , Cirio Silvia , Maspero Cinzia , Senna Andrea , Campus Guglielmo , Cagetti Maria Grazia
Published: January 2025

Objective

To investigate the education, knowledge and behaviour of Italian dentists regarding Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF).

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2022, through an online survey linked to an online continuing medical education (CME) course sent to Italian dentists. A priori power analysis estimated the necessary sample to be 1480 dentists with an anticipated frequency of 50% and a power of 99.99%. The questionnaire included 46 questions on participants ‘ demographic characteristics, training received, clinical knowledge of SDF, and attitudes and behaviours regarding its use. Descriptive statistics, bivariate, and mutlivariable regression analyses were performed to determine the association between the variables.

Results

The response rate was 6.1% with 3876 respondents, evenly distributed geographically. Less than 10% of respondents had received training at undergraduate, postgraduate or masters level. A minority of dentists were familiar with the use of SDF for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity (19.0%) and for the treatment of caries in children (22.2%) and adults (15.7%). The percentage of dentists who reported SDF use at least once was 20.6%. On mutlivariable analysis (χ2
(11) = 995.9 p-value < 0.01), dentists who used SDF were positively associated with those who cared for patients with special needs, those who received good undergraduate or postgraduate training, and those who knew how to use SDF (p < 0.01). A second mutlivariable analysis (χ2
(11) = 47.9 p-value < 0.01) revealed that younger respondents were associated with good training and knowledge of the use of SDF received during undergraduate studies, while older respondents were associated with good training received on managing hypersensitivity and caries in adults (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Overall, Italian dentists ‘ education, knowledge, and use of SDF were relatively poor. The majority of the sample ‘s responses were not consistent with scientific evidence. The use of SDF among Italian dentists is still far from being a reality. In Italy, it is necessary to increase training on SDF, primarily through the university, to hopefully increase its use, especially in non-invasive caries treatment.
Improving access to services in neuro-developmental disability: proceedings of a national meeting to advance community capacity
Authors: Nicholas David B. , Lach Lucyna M. , Sutherland Samantha B. , Maxwell Joanne , McFarland Stephanie , Miller Anton R. , Clancy Angela , Scorah Julie
Published: January 2025

As part of a participatory project to advance navigational service delivery systems for children with neurodevelopmental disability (NDD) and their families, this paper addresses proceedings from a capacity-building conference in Vancouver, Canada. A total of 29 invited key stakeholders attended the meeting with the following aims: knowledge sharing amongst provincial/territorial regions advancing NDD navigation capacity; sustainable action-oriented knowledge exchange; and operationalizing next steps to build navigation resources across Canadian regions. Regional representation included multiple and inter-sectoral partners (e.g., not-for-profit organizations, government, education, health, researchers, etc.) strategically invited to address mutually-agreed upon regional challenges, where ideas for envisioning, planning and success could be developed for ultimate operationalization in three Canadian provinces and one territory based on need for building navigational service delivery systems in NDD.

Advancements in navigational service delivery were shared by site leads in the four represented regions of the initiative: Alberta, British Columbia, Quebec, and Yukon. Each regional lead conveyed targeted accomplishments, priorities and issues in moving navigation forward. Identified successes comprised the development of trusting partnerships across agencies and sectors, innovation and connection among service/navigation organizations and leaders, and training advances. Struggles included insufficient regional clarity on guiding principles for navigation services, a lack of resources relative to family need for services, and insufficient infrastructural supports in regions. Based on key learnings within and across regional groups, plans for regional development were strategized and shared.
Insecticide resistant Anopheles from Ethiopia but not Burkina Faso show a microbiota composition shift upon insecticide exposure
Authors: Worku Netsanet , Sanou Antoine , Hartke Juliane , Morris Marion , Cissé Fatoumata , Ouédraogo Salimata , Tapsoba Madou , Vallon Nicola , Akilu Tewodros Debebe , Worku Ligabaw , Guelbeogo Moussa Wamdaogo , Ingham Victoria A.
Published: January 2025

Background

Malaria remains a key contributor to mortality and morbidity across Africa, with the highest burden in children under 5. Insecticide-based vector control tools, which target the adult Anopheles mosquitoes, are the most efficacious tool in disease prevention. Due to the widespread use of these interventions, insecticide resistance to the most used classes of insecticides is now pervasive across Africa. Understanding the underlying mechanisms contributing to this phenotype is necessary to both track the spread of resistance and to design new tools to overcome it.

Methods

Here, we compare the microbiota composition of insecticide-resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae, An. coluzzii and An. arabiensis from Burkina Faso, and in the latter case additionally from Ethiopia, to insecticide-susceptible populations.

Results

We show that the microbiota composition between insecticide-resistant and -susceptible populations does not differ in Burkina Faso. This result is supported by data from laboratory colonies originating in Burkina Faso across two countries. In contrast, An. arabiensis from Ethiopia demonstrates clear differences in microbiota composition in those dying from and those surviving insecticide exposure. To further understand resistance in this An. arabiensis population, we performed RNAseq and saw differential expression of detoxification genes associated with insecticide resistance and changes in respiration, metabolism and synapse-related ion channels.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that, in addition to changes in the transcriptome, microbiota can contribute to insecticide resistance in certain settings.

Graphical Abstract
An indirect ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Dirofilaria spp. in cats
Authors: Perles Lívia , Carbonara Mariaelisa , Mendoza-Roldan Jairo Alfonso , Venco Luigi , Gabrielli Simona , Otranto Domenico
Published: January 2025

Background

Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens are mosquito-borne filaroids that primarily infect dogs but also cats. Diagnosing feline dirofilariosis is challenging because of the low parasitic burdens and transient or absent microfilaremia. To improve detection of antibodies against Dirofilaria spp. in cats, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using somatic antigens of D. immitis was standardized.

Methods

Serum samples from cats positive for D. immitis, D. repens, bronchopulmonary metastrongylids and gastrointestinal helminths as well as negative sera were tested to evaluate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp). Three different antigen concentrations (2, 3 and 4 μg/ml) and two concentrations of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) IgG anti-cat conjugate (1:10,000 and 1:20,000) were used to screen the optimal titration of the test. Once the best conditions were established, Se and Sp were assessed by testing 151 serum samples positive for D. immitis, D. repens and other parasites (i.e. feline lungworms, gastrointestinal helminths) or negative.

Results

The optimized ELISA showed 89% Se and 98% Sp in detecting D. immitis infections, presenting a cross-reactivity with D. repens. A cut-off point of 1.150 was established to classify positive and negative samples.

Conclusions

The developed ELISA may improve the detection of antibodies against Dirofilaria spp. in cats, also in epidemiological contexts characterized by multiple helminth infections. Future efforts will focus on reducing the cross-reactivity with D. repens, therefore increasing ELISA Sp.

Graphical Abstract
Recursive seed amplification detects distinct α-synuclein strains in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Bräuer Stefan , Schniewind Iñaki , Dinter Elisabeth , Falkenburger Björn H.
Published: January 2025

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder with a wide range of clinical phenotypes. Pathologically, it is characterized by neuronal inclusions containing misfolded, fibrillar alpha-synuclein (aSyn). Prion-like properties of aSyn contribute to the spread of aSyn pathology throughout the nervous system as the disease progresses. Utilizing these properties, seed amplification assays (SAA) enable the detection of aSyn pathology in living patients. We hypothesized that structurally distinct aSyn aggregates, or strains, may underlie the clinical heterogeneity of PD. To test this hypothesis, we recursively amplified aSyn fibrils from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 54 patients (34 people with PD and 20 controls). These fibrils were then characterized regarding SAA kinetic properties and detergent resistance. In addition, cultured cells were transfected with SAA products, and the extent of seeded aSyn pathology was quantified by staining for phosphorylated aSyn followed by automated high-throughput microscopy and image analysis. We found that fibrils, amplified from CSF by recursive SAA, exhibit two types of distinct biophysical properties and have different seeding capacities in cells. These properties are associated with clinical parameters and may therefore help explain the clinical heterogeneity in PD. Measuring aSyn strains may be relevant for prognosis and for therapies targeting aSyn pathology.
Intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex®) findings over time: ultrasound and ultra-widefield fundus photography
Authors: Pellegrini Gabriela Assumpção Brito Pereira , Bordon Arnaldo Furman , Allemann Norma
Published: January 2025

Background

Ozurdex® (Allergan®, AbbVie Company, North Chicago, Illinois, EUA), is composed of 0.7 mg of dexamethasone, fused in a solid biodegradable PLGA polymer, whose degradation occurs naturally in the vitreous cavity, usually in six months after its application.

Methods

In this study, we included patients aged ≥ 18 years with one or two eyes who had an indication for Ozurdex® implants. Eyes submitted to Ozurdex® application were evaluated in the first hour after the injection via transpalpebral contact B-scan ocular ultrasonography (Aviso® or Compact Touch®, Quantel®) and non-mydriatic ultra-widefield fundus photography (California®, Optos®) performed sequentially. The exams were executed using similar parameters and techniques, by the same ophthalmologist, after every 45 days, until the end of 180 days. The programed visits were the initial (tagged D0) and sequential (D45, D90, D135, and D180) visits, with a possible variance of seven days, before or after. The ultrasonographic Ozurdex® findings evaluated were: non-quantitative: structure, height, reflectivity, artifact production, location, and movement; and quantitative: length and thickness. Ultra-widefield fundus photography parameters were: Ozurdex® visualization, location, and structure.

Results

The B-scan showed the implant initially, at the D0 visit, as a well-delimited and homogeneously highly reflective linear and continuous structure. On D45, Ozurdex® implants presented with low internal reflectivity and irregularity in the limits. On D90, D135, and D180, reductions in the length and thickness progressively lessened, leading to the final appearance of a small highly reflective clust. Over time, all the implants presented reductions in length and thickness. The mean length at D0 was 7.42 ± 0.39 mm and at the final visit (D180) it was 1.50 ± 0.47 mm. The mean thickness at D0 was 0.77 ± 0.13 mm and at the final visit (D180) it was 0.44 ± 0.18 mm.

Conclusions

Considering implant dimensions, the change in length over time was more evident than the change in thickness. In all the cases where visualization was possible, positive correlations with B-scan findings were found despite changes in patient position. These alterations evidenced in the Ozurdex® implant over time may be related to the degradation of the glucose polymer structure.
Enhancing peer assessment with artificial intelligence
Authors: Topping Keith J. , Gehringer Ed , Khosravi Hassan , Gudipati Srilekha , Jadhav Kaushik , Susarla Surya
Published: January 2025

This paper surveys research and practice on enhancing peer assessment with artificial intelligence. Its objectives are to give the structure of the theoretical framework underpinning the study, synopsize a scoping review of the literature that illustrates this structure, and provide a case study which further illustrates this structure. The theoretical framework has six areas: (i) Assigning Peer Assessors, (ii) Enhancing Individual Reviews, (iii) Deriving Peer Grades/Feedback, (iv) Analyzing Student Feedback, (v) Facilitating Instructor Oversight and (vi) Peer Assessment Systems. The vast majority of the 79 papers in the review found that artificial intelligence improved peer assessment. However, the focus of many papers was on diversity in grades and feedback, fuzzy logic and the analysis of feedback with a view to equalizing its quality. Relatively few papers focused on automated assignment, automated assessment, calibration, teamwork effectiveness and automated feedback and these merit further research. This picture suggests AI is making inroads into peer assessment, but there is still a considerable way to go, particularly in the under-researched areas. The paper incorporates a case study of the RIPPLE peer-assessment tool, which harnesses student wisdom, insights from the learning sciences and AI to enable time-constrained educators to immerse their students in deep and personalized learning experiences that effectively prepare them to serve as assessors. Once trained, they use a comprehensive rubric to vet learning resources submitted by other students. They thereby create pools of high-quality learning resources which can be used to recommend personalized content to students. RIPPLE engages students in a trio of intertwined activities: creation, review and personalized practice, generating many resource types. AI-driven real-time feedback is given but students are counseled to assess whether it is accurate. Affordances and challenges for researchers and practitioners were identified.
The potential of aloe vera gel utilization for skin wound healing in rats based on GC–MS and HPLC chemical profile
Authors: Arafa Nadia Mohamed Said , Hummadi Huda Mohammad Ahmad , Badr Gehan Moustafa
Published: January 2025

Background

Wound healing is a restoration process of tissue integrity and function targeting reducing the healing time and complications with priority of available, acceptable and affordable medication. The study aimed to evaluate wound healing of aloe vera gel as raw or ethanol extract on a dorsal full thickness circular wound in Wistar rats. Rats subjected to the excision surgery were grouped into: control (+ ve), without treatment. and Kenacomb, aloe raw gel and aloe ethanol extract applied groups for 3, 7, 14 and 21 days for treatment evaluation. The study chromatographically quantified anthraquinones and identified the raw gel and extract’ compounds. The evaluation was through the assessment of the wound contraction and complete blood count, serum interleukin-4 and skin tissue proline, hydroxyproline, glycine, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide contents and skin histopathology investigation at tested intervals.

Results

Raw gel and extract contained in μg/ml, aloin A (9.23 and 17.22), aloin B (8.87 and 10.31) and emodin (11.66 and 12.66), respectively. The predominates identified percentage in raw gel were coumarins (34.93), fatty acids (28.45), phytosterols (7.77) and tocopherols (8.44) and in gel extract were phytosterols (49.39), fatty acids (29.16) and tocopherols (3.70). Results after 21 days were recorded in + ve control 80.50% wound contraction and showed significantly decreased values of IL-4, lymphocytes, Hb, RBCs and skin glycine, proline, hydroxyproline and NO. Neutrophils, monocytes, platelets and MDA were significantly increased. Histologically revealed epidermal acanthosis, inflammatory infiltration, fibrosis with hair follicles and sebaceous glands loss and dermal hemorrhage. Aloe raw gel revealed incomplete healing (91.79%) and failed to normalize IL-4, lymphocytes, neutrophils and the skin glycine and NO contents. Skin showed moderate epidermal acanthosis, and dermis had fibrosis, hemorrhage and loss of sebaceous glands and hair follicles. The extract group acquired 100% healing, normalized tested parameters and showed skin tissue thinning epidermis and intact dermal tissue with sebaceous glands and hair follicles.

Conclusion

Results revealed aloe gel ethanol extract advantage over raw gel for wound healing which may be related to chemical constituents’ variation interpreted in interest to the extract as an efficient therapeutic, cost-effective, available wound healing material.
Post-harvest conservation practices, related insect pests of stored pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R. Br.), and their management in northern Benin
Authors: Alagbe Tayé Obédatou , Loko Yeyinou Laura Estelle , Djègbè Innocent , Gandjala Julien , Gavoedo Dieudonné , Tamò Manuele
Published: January 2025

Background

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) production has decreased over the years due to several constraints, including insect pest attacks, which contribute to its status as neglected and underutilized species in Benin. In order to develop an integrated pest management strategy, we documented farmers’ post-harvest conservation practices, perceptions, and management of storage insect pests. Four hundred millet producers were surveyed using a semi-structured questionnaire in 76 villages in northern Benin. The entomofauna associated with stored pearl millet was identified by extracting samples from farmers’ storage structures and incubating them for a month in the laboratory.

Results

Our results showed that farmers perceived insect pests as the most important constraint to pearl millet storage. Vernacular taxonomy and local nomenclature of insect pests of stored pearl millet varied among sociolinguistic groups. Four species of insects were associated with stored millet with the weevils Sitophilus oryzae L. and Sitophilus zeamais L. as the most important ones. Three storage structures (attic, bedroom, and store) and a storage tool (polypropylene bags) were inventoried. Synthetic chemical insecticides were the most commonly used method for protecting stored millet. Also, farmers employed four plants that repel and kill insects to safeguard stored pearl millet. A differential sensitivity of pearl millet varieties to storage insect attacks was reported with four potential resistant varieties. Some factors that influence the use of a pest management method were determined.

Conclusions

The development of an integrated pest management needs to test the sensitivity of resistant varieties and the bioactivity of recorded insecticidal plants. The farmers’ perception suggests that the Souhoun n’nin gberenou landrace and the usage of bark of A. senegalensis and leaves of A. indica are the best ways to preserve millet for a long time. Raising awareness among pearl millet producers on good storage practices and the biological management of storage insect pests were recommended. Factors that influence the use of pest management methods must be integrated into the development of national strategies.
Facebook addiction among medical students: prevalence and consequences
Authors: Mohamed Eman Fouad , Mohamed Amany Elshabrawy , Youssef Amira Mohamed , Sehlo Mohammad Gamal , Soliman Eman Seif Alnasr , Ibrahim Abdallah Saad
Published: January 2025

Background

Social media addiction, mainly Facebook, is a common emerging behavior, particularly among teens and young adults. The current study’s primary goal is to determine the prevalence of Facebook addiction and assess its influence on academic performance and mental health among medical students.

Methods

Six-hundred twenty-seven students from the Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, at Egypt were included at this cross-sectional study. A semi-structured questionnaire designed by authors was used to collect sociodemographic data and data about academic performance and sleep. Facebook addiction was investigated using a scale which is Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS). The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was utilized to screen for anxiety, depression, and stress.

Results

Between medical students, 16.6% had score above 24 and considered to have Facebook addiction. Facebook addiction had a substantial association with uncontrollable Internet use, affection of study hours, and decrease in academic scores. There is statistically considerable relation between Facebook addiction and anxiety, depression, and stress.

Conclusions

Facebook addiction is common among medical students and had a negatory impact on both their academic achievement and mental health.
A bibliometric analysis of reward-based crowdfunding related research: current trends and future prospect
Authors: Tatli Kalayci Fatma , Okuyan Hasan Aydin
Published: January 2025

The primary objective of this research pertains to conducting a bibliometric examination of articles accessible within the Web of Science database that pertain to reward-based crowdfunding. This research was conducted over a corpus of 261 publications spanning the timeframe of 2014 to 2023, from the WoS database. The results of the research revealed a notable trend of reward-based crowdfunding researchers. The research also sought to identify key authors, institutions, journals, and countries that hold paramount significance for future scholars delving into the study of reward-based crowdfunding, consequently delineating fundamental thematic underpinnings. The insights gleaned from these analyses are anticipated to offer valuable guidance to researchers engaging in explorations within this particular domain. The meticulous evaluation of publications and their interconnections sheds light on prevalent trends, influential contributors, and core topics, thereby furnishing a compass for prospective research endeavors.
Structural insights into antibody-based immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shah Masaud , Hussain Muhammad , Woo Hyun Goo
Published: January 2025

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of primary liver cancer and remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. While traditional approaches like surgical resection and tyrosine kinase inhibitors struggle against the tumor’s immune evasion, monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based immunotherapies have emerged as promising alternatives. Several therapeutic antibodies that counter the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment have demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials, leading to FDA approvals for advanced HCC treatment. A crucial aspect of advancing these therapies lies in understanding the structural interactions between antibodies and their targets. Recent findings indicate that mAbs and bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) can target different, non-overlapping epitopes on immune checkpoints such as PD-1 and CTLA-4. This review delves into the epitope-paratope interactions of structurally unresolved mAbs and bsAbs, and discusses the potential for combination therapies based on their non-overlapping epitopes. By leveraging this unique feature, combination therapies could enhance immune activation, reduce resistance, and improve overall efficacy, marking a new direction for antibody-based immunotherapy in HCC.
Successful Treatment of Severe Ectopic ACTH-Dependent Cushing Syndrome Complicated by Hypocalcemia With Osilodrostat
Authors: Lee Kristen , Mendes Pessoa Carolina , Huang Wenyu
Published: January 2025

Cushing syndrome due to ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion (EAS) is rare and may progress rapidly, making treatment very challenging. We report a 27-year-old woman with metastatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET) who presented with sudden onset and rapidly progressing fatigue, muscle weakness, and weight gain. Laboratory findings confirmed severe EAS with new onset hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, and hyperglycemia. The patient was hospitalized and initiated on high-dose osilodrostat. Cortisol levels rapidly decreased in response to osilodrostat. During treatment, she developed glucocorticoid withdrawal symptoms for which hydrocortisone treatment was started. Due to her ineligibility for bilateral adrenalectomy, bilateral adrenal arterial embolization was attempted but ultimately converted to right-only embolization due to hypertensive urgency and difficulty in catheterization. With significant improvement of cortisol levels, her hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia, and hypokalemia resolved. Her osilodrostat dose was gradually lowered during follow-up. Glucocorticoid replacement continued as part of the ongoing block-and-replace regimen.
Predicting stunting status among under-5 children in Rwanda using neural network model: Evidence from 2020 Rwanda demographic and health survey
Authors: Ndagijimana Similien , Kabano Ignace , Masabo Emmanuel , Ntaganda Jean Marie
Published: January 2025

Background Stunting is a serious public health concern in Rwanda, affecting around 33.3% of children under five in 2020. The researchers have employed machine learning algorithms to predict stunting in Rwanda; however, few studies used ANNs, despite their strong capacity to predict stunting. The purpose of this study was to predict stunting in Rwanda using ANNs and the most recent DHS data from 2020. Methods DHS 2020 dataset was used to train and test an ANN model for predicting stunting in children. The dataset, which included various child, parental, and socio-demographic characteristics, was split into 80% training data and 20% testing and validation data. The model utilised a multilayer perceptron (MLP). Model performance was assessed using accuracy, precision, recall, and AUC-ROC. Feature importances were determined and highlighted the most critical predictors of stunting. Results An overall accuracy of 72.0% on the test set was observed, with an AUC-ROC of 0.84, indicating the model’s good performance. Factors appear to contribute to stunting among the negative value aspects. First and foremost, the mother’s height is important, as a lower height suggests an increased risk of stunting in children. Positive value characteristics, on the other hand, emphasise elements that reduce the likelihood of stunting. The timing of the initiation of breastfeeding stands out as a crucial factor, showing that early breastfeeding initiation has been linked with a decreased risk of stunting. Conclusions These findings suggest that ANNs can be a useful tool for predicting stunting in Rwanda and identifying the most important associated factors for stunting. These insights can inform targeted interventions to reduce the burden of stunting in Rwanda and other low- and middle-income countries. Potential targeted interventions include nutritional support programs for pregnant and lactating mothers, and providing educational programs for parents on nutrition and hygiene.
scRICA: An R package for multiple-sample single-cell RNA-seq data integrative comparative analysis
Authors: Li Yan , Shapiro Jason , Lin Qiaoshan , Gong Qing , Ryu Michiko , Chen Mengjie
Published: January 2025

Single-cell sequencing technologies offer unprecedented resolution to inspect transcriptomes and generate critical biological insights. As the number of cells and cell types increase in single-cell studies, the effort required to analyze the data surges dramatically, especially when comparative explorations need to be performed on large datasets with different cell types and various sample attributes, such as clinical samples from different age and ancestry groups. Due to the sequential nature of single-cell data analysis, many steps involving multiple method choices and parameter options need to be considered. The computational skills required for integrative and comparative analyses of large datasets with various sample attributes represent a substantial obstacle for many researchers. To address this challenge, we have developed scRICA, a systematic workflow tailored for integrative and comparative single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis. This approach streamlines the analytical process, ensuring efficient utilization of computational resources and facilitating scalability for large-scale datasets. With scRICA, researchers can conduct integrative and comparative scRNA-seq analyses with ease, empowering them to derive meaningful insights from their data in a timely manner. scRICA offers a versatile approach by allowing users to input various parameter options from a metadata table, which are inherited throughout the entire analysis workflow. This functionality greatly enhances the efficiency of programming for comparative analyses involving multiple sample attributes. As an R package, scRICA provides a user-friendly interface within the R environment, making it accessible to researchers familiar with R programming. Additionally, scRICA offers a command line execution option, allowing users to seamlessly integrate it into their computational pipelines or execute analyses on High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems. This combination of features ensures flexibility, ease of use, and scalability, making scRICA a valuable tool for comprehensive and efficient single-cell RNA sequencing analysis.
Integration of democratic values in natural sciences education: A Literature Review of the last 50 Years
Authors: Monsalve-Silva Santiago , Otalvaro-García Gabriel , Cajica Velandia Laura Sofía , Vargas Sánchez Ana Dolores
Published: January 2025

This study examines how democratic values have been promoted through natural sciences education over the last 50 years, providing a comprehensive analysis based on a systematic review of relevant literature. The central problem addressed is understanding the role of natural science education in fostering democratic values such as equity, participation, critical thinking, and ethical responsibility. This research aims to identify and analyze strategies, methodologies, and transformative experiences that contribute to the promotion of democratic values. This study employs the PRISMA methodology to ensure a rigorous and structured systematic review. Data were collected from multiple databases using detailed Boolean equations. Tools such as ScientoPy and VOSviewer were used for data preprocessing, clustering, and network visualization, followed by qualitative analysis to categorize the findings. Educational programs in natural sciences have increasingly integrated democratic values, fostering a culture of inclusivity and participation; the incorporation of ICT has enhanced equity and participation, while civic education has been fundamental in developing critical and informed citizens; citizen science initiatives have empowered students to engage in democratic deliberation and address epistemic injustice; cooperative learning methods in science classes have effectively promoted gender equity and inclusion; and emphasis on sustainability and environmental justice in science education has promoted democratic values and empowered students to take action on global challenges. In conclusion, natural science education is an effective vehicle for promoting democratic values, but it is an understudied field. By integrating practices that emphasize inclusivity, critical thinking, and ethical responsibility, science education not only enhances students’ scientific understanding but also prepares them to be active, informed, and responsible citizens.
Trends, key contributors, and emerging issues in honey and breast cancer: A bibliometric analysis from 2014 to 2024
Authors: Usman Andi Nilawati , Fendi Fendi , Nulandari Zafitri , Agustin Dinah Inrawati
Published: January 2025

Background Honey, a natural product with diverse bioactive compounds, has been increasingly explored for its potential anticancer properties. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the scientific literature on the relationship between honey and breast cancer. Methods A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the ScienceDirect database to identify publications from 2014 to 2024. Data on publication trends, author collaboration, and keyword analysis were extracted to gain insight into the research landscape. Keyword analysis identified nine distinct clusters, indicating diverse research directions regarding the role of honey in breast cancer treatment. Results Key journals such as the Journal of Ethnopharmacology and Food Chemistry have been at the forefront of disseminating research findings in this domain, demonstrating a strong interdisciplinary approach that bridges traditional medicine and modern scientific inquiry. The increasing interest in the anticancer properties of honey, as evidenced by the growing number of studies, underlines its potential as a promising natural agent for breast cancer prevention and treatment. Recent advances in the synthesis and theranostic paradigms of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) have been highlighted, as well as the potential for selenium nanoconstructs. The toxicity and quality control of Perillae Fructus have also been highlighted. Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge and uncovers emerging issues that require further investigation.
Q-fuzzy structure on JU-algebra
Authors: Gelaw Selamawit Hunie , Alaba Birhanu Assaye , Taye Mihret Alamneh
Published: January 2025

Background JU-algebras, an important class in abstract algebra, are extended here by incorporating fuzzy set theory to handle uncertainty in algebraic structures. In this study, we apply the concept of Q-fuzzy sets to JU-subalgebras and JU-ideals in JU-algebra. Method The study defines Q-fuzzy JU-subalgebras and Q-fuzzy JU-ideals as subsets of a JU-algebra. It also explores lower and upper level subsets of these fuzzy structures to analyze their properties. Additionally, the concepts of Doubt and Normal Q-fuzzy JU-subalgebras and Q-fuzzy JU-ideals are introduced, offering a way to deal with varying degrees of uncertainty and regularity in these algebraic structures. Supportive concepts relevant to this study are presented, along with illustrative examples. Conclusion The study introduces and defines new types of fuzzy structures in JU-algebras, such as Q-fuzzy JU-subalgebras and Q-fuzzy JU-ideals, enhancing classical JU-algebra theory. It also examines key properties of these structures, including their lower and upper level subsets, and investigates specific cases like Doubt and Normal Q-fuzzy structures, paving the way for further exploration of fuzzy algebra in mathematical and applied contexts.
Update on Blastocystis: highlights from the Fourth International Blastocystis Conference
Authors: Figueiredo Ana M. , Shaw Daisy , Tunali Varol , Gentekaki Eleni , Tsaousis Anastasios D. , Carmena David
Published: January 2025

While the stramenopile Blastocystis, first discovered in 1911, is considered the most prevalent enteric protist in humans, its biology remains largely unexplored. Clinical studies have only recently begun investigating the role of Blastocystis in the gut and its relationship with the gut microbiome, and whether it plays a pathogenic role in human and animal health. Aiming to gather leading researchers in the field to encourage and stimulate cross-disciplinary dialogue while fostering long-term international collaborations, the Fourth International Blastocystis Conference was hosted from the 17th to the 19th of September 2024 in Heraklion (Crete, Greece). The event was mainly supported by the COST Action CA21105, “Blastocystis under One Health”, and the Microbiology Society. The multi- and interdisciplinary conference programme covered all aspects related to Blastocystis evolutionary biology and advances in omics, intestinal ecology (gut microbiome), clinical significance and association with disease, diagnosis and molecular characterisation, as well as epidemiology and One Health. The high-quality presentations discussed at the conference provided researchers with a synthesis of recent advancements, while key research questions, knowledge gaps, and future steps in Blastocystis research were identified. Herein, we aim to provide a thorough overview of the presentations at the congress. The COST Action CA21105, 'Blastocystis under One Health,' will build on the insights and collaborations fostered during the conference, promoting integrative research approaches, advancing our understanding of Blastocystis, and driving future efforts to translate these findings into improved public health strategies.