bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prazer e sofrimento no processo de trabalho do enfermeiro docente
Authors: Ferreira Elaine Maria , Fernandes Maria de Fátima Prado , Prado Cláudia , Baptista Patricia Campos Pavan , Freitas Genival Fernandes de , Bonini Bárbara Barrionuevo
Published: February 2010

Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, que compreende sentimentos que perpassam o processo de trabalho do enfermeiro em três universidades privadas do Município de São Paulo, revelando-se experiências enriquecedoras de significados do saber-fazer na prática docente. Assim, a presente investigação tem como objetivo identificar os aspectos geradores de prazer e de sofrimento no processo de trabalho do enfermeiro docente, analisados segundo o referencial teórico de Christophe Dejours, pontuando-se a importância de fatores psicossociais em relação ao objeto estudado. Os resultados da investigação apontam para as relações ambíguas presentes no processo de trabalho dos docentes, expressando sentimentos de prazer e sofrimento decorrentes dessa prática e evidenciando as condições e a organização do trabalho como elementos que podem potencializar tais sentimentos no cotidiano do trabalho do enfermeiro naquelas instituições.
Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem da USP: experiência dos primeiros seis anos
Authors: Massarollo Maria Cristina Komatsu Braga , Kurcgant Paulina , Fernandes Maria de Fátima Prado
Published: February 2010

O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer a experiência do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem da USP (CEP-EEUSP), nos seus primeiros seis anos. O estudo exploratório, descritivo, retrospectivo e de abordagem quantitativa foi realizado pelo levantamento dos registros do CEP-EEUSP e dos 401 protocolos de pesquisa submetidos à apreciação, no período de 31 de agosto de 1998 a 17 de setembro de 2004. Os resultados evidenciaram que 98,7% dos projetos submetidos eram de pesquisadores da EEUSP; 31,4% eram de dissertações de mestrado e 29,1% de iniciação científica. Quanto ao método, 43,8% propunham a utilização do método qualitativo. Além disso, 99,2% dos projetos pertenciam à área temática do Grupo III; 58,8% previam a utilização de instituições públicas e 31,7% tinham profissionais, principalmente enfermeiros, como sujeitos das pesquisas. O Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido foi responsável por 56,4% das pendências. A experiência do CEP-EEUSP mostra sua progressiva consolidação.
Família como categoria de análise e campo de investigação em enfermagem
Authors: Ângelo Margareth , Bousso Regina Szylit , Rossato Lisabelle Mariano , Damião Elaine Buchhorn Cintra , Silveira Aline Oliveira , Castilho Ana Márcia C. Mendes , Rocha Maria Cristina Pauli da
Published: February 2010

O crescente corpo de informações sobre família presente na literatura de enfermagem significa progresso neste campo de conhecimento. As contribuições da pesquisa de enfermagem sobre família incluem a experiência da doença, o contexto de cuidado e intervenções. A ampliação da pesquisa sobre família em enfermagem torna imperativa a reflexão acerca da qualidade da pesquisa considerando a complexidade inerente aos estudos de família. Pesquisar famílias representa mais do que definir um grupo peculiar de estudo. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir aspectos teóricos e metodológicos que devem ser considerados quando o pesquisador planeja pesquisar a família. As reflexões e os desafios da pesquisa sobre família apresentados são frutos de um processo de investigação sobre famílias e doenças que vivenciamos em nosso grupo de pesquisa ao longo de mais de uma década.
Produção do conhecimento em Enfermagem: da idéia da pesquisa à publicação em periódico qualificado
Authors: Silva Maria Júlia Paes da , Egry Emiko Yoshikawa , Margareth Ângelo , Barbosa Miriam Aparecida Merighi , Sousa Regina Márcia Cardoso de , Castilho Valéria , Lopes Nadir Aparecida , Batista Arlete de Oliveira
Published: February 2010

As dificuldades para produção de conhecimento em Enfermagem e para publicação dessa produção motivaram a criação deste texto que apresenta aos autores de publicações científicas sugestões para agilizar e otimizar o processo de elaborar e sintetizar o conhecimento, resultado de suas pesquisas e reflexões. Além da descrição do conteúdo dos componentes que formam a estrutura do texto científico, são apresentadas as diretrizes do processo de escolha do periódico para publicação, as características desejáveis da linguagem na construção do texto e os procedimentos para encaminhamento do manuscrito para publicação. Evidencia-se também a parceria de autores, pareceristas e editores no processo de criação de artigos para publicação, nem sempre percebida e valorizada por esses atores principais do desenvolvimento e divulgação dos textos científicos que retratam o desenvolvimento e a atuação da profissão.
Influência da altitude na qualidade das uvas 'Chardonnay' e 'Pinot Noir' em Minas Gerais
Authors: Regina Murillo de Albuquerque , Carmo Ezequiel Lopes do , Fonseca Anderson Ridolfi , Purgatto Eduardo , Shiga Tânia Misuzu , Lajolo Franco Maria , Ribeiro Ana Paula , Mota Renata Vieira da
Published: February 2010

No Sul e Sudeste brasileiros, o excesso de chuvas durante o período de maturação afeta negativamente a qualidade dos vinhos tintos. Por outro lado, estas regiões possuem potencial para a elaboração de espumantes, uma vez que, para a elaboração desta bebida, a uva é colhida antes de completar o amadurecimento. No Estado de Minas Gerais, as condições de verão chuvoso estão presentes em todas as regiões de potencial vitícola, e a variação de altitude entre elas pode exercer influência na composição das uvas. Desta forma, este estudo buscou avaliar o potencial de maturação de uvas 'Chardonnay' e 'Pinot Noir' destinadas à elaboração de espumantes em dois locais de Minas Gerais: Cordislândia (873m) e Caldas (1.150m). As plantas foram enxertadas sobre 1.103 Paulsen e conduzidas em espaldeira. Foram avaliados os teores de sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total, ácidos málico e tartárico, e pH do mosto, tamanho e massa das bagas, compostos fenólicos nas cascas e sementes, antocianinas na casca e açúcares solúveis nas bagas, em duas safras consecutivas. As bagas apresentaram maior tamanho e massa quando cultivadas em Caldas. As uvas colhidas em Cordislândia apresentaram maior grau de maturação, sendo observados maior pH, maiores teores de glicose e frutose, e quantidade inferior de acidez e fenólicos totais nas sementes. Os maiores teores de ácido málico presentes nas uvas provenientes de Caldas sugerem que esta região pode ser mais indicada à produção de uvas para elaboração de vinhos espumantes.
Doses de potássio e cálcio no crescimento da planta, na produção e na qualidade de frutas do morangueiro em cultivo sem solo
Authors: Andriolo Jerônimo Luiz , Jänisch Djeimi Isabel , Schmitt Odair José , Dal Picio Miriane , Cardoso Francieli Lima , Erpen Lígia
Published: February 2010

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de doses de potássio fornecido pela fertirrigação e de cálcio na parte aérea sobre o crescimento da planta, a produção e a qualidade de frutas do morangueiro em cultivo sem solo, plantas de morangueiro foram cultivadas com solução nutritiva contendo 9 (T1), 6 (T2, testemunha) e 4,28mmol L-1 (T3) de K+ e com a solução testemunha (T2) suplementada uma vez por semana por pulverizações foliares de cálcio nas concentrações de 2,5 (T4) e 5g L-1 de CaCl2 (T5). O crescimento da planta foi reduzido no tratamento com a concentração de potássio mais elevada (T1), e o maior IAF foi obtido na dose mais elevada de CaCl2 (T5). A maior produção de frutas foi obtida em T2 e T3, a acidez (AT) foi maior em T1, enquanto o teor de sólidos solúveis (SST) e a relação SST/AT não diferiram significativamente entre os tratamentos. Concluiu-se que o aumento da concentração de potássio na solução nutritiva diminui o crescimento, a produção e a qualidade das frutas de morango e que a aplicação de cálcio na parte aérea das plantas por meio do CaCl2 reduz a produção de frutas.
Avaliação, agências e especialistas: padrões oficiais de qualidade da educação superior
Authors: Rothen José Carlos , Barreyro Gladys Beatriz
Published: February 2010

O texto discute a questão do estado avaliador/ regulador no Brasil após a LDB/1996, focalizando as agências e instituições que julgam e definem os padrões de qualidade da educação superior (graduação). No início do governo FHC, a definição destes padrões ocorria no âmbito do MEC, pelas Comissões de Especialistas e, depois, pelo INEP. No governo Lula, foram criadas instâncias com o papel de coordenar a avaliação, sendo a definição dos critérios de qualidade, de competência das Secretarias do MEC e da CONAES. Assim, durante todo o processo pós-LDB, a definição da qualidade foi realizada por acadêmicos, reunidos em diversas comissões, que se foram formalizando e institucionalizando, visando à legitimação da avaliação pela profissionalização.
Síndrome da unha amarela: relato de caso
Authors: Machado Ronaldo Figueredo , Rosa Dário Júnior de Freitas , Leite Christiane Chaves Augusto , Martins Neto Marcelino Pereira , GamonaI Aloísio
Published: February 2010

A síndrome da unha amarela é uma doença rara, caracterizada pela tríade de linfedema, derrame pleural e unhas Distróficas de crescimento lento e coloração amarelada. Várias associações já foram descritas, entre elas, afecções crônicas do aparelho respiratório, doenças autoimunes, malignidades e estados de imunodeficiência. Entre os casos citados na literatura, apenas cerca de um terço se apresenta com todos os achados e o caso relatado a seguir é um exemplo da tríade clássica.
Caso para diagnóstico
Authors: Brandão Flávia Vieira , Silva Cláudia Márcia Resende , Gontijo Bernardo , Guedes Antônio Carlos Martins
Published: February 2010

Fibromatose hialina juvenil e hialinose sistêmica infantil são desordens autossômicas recessivas, raras da infância. À histologia, há depósito de material hialino na derme e subcutâneo. As características clínicas principais são: lesões pápulo-nodulares, hipertrofia gengival, contratura articular, lesões ósseas osteolíticas e retardo no crescimento. Mutações no mesmo gene foram identificadas nas duas condições, sugerindo que sejam espectros da mesma doença.
Cor, iluminação e orientação do reverso de uma máscara facial não afetam a ilusão da máscara côncava
Authors: Quaglia Maria Amélia Cesari , Fukusima Sérgio Sheiji
Published: February 2010

Em condição monocular, 40 observadores julgaram o reverso côncavo de uma máscara facial monocromada cinza e de outra policromada (iluminados por cima, por baixo, pela direita e pela esquerda na posição vertical e na posição vertical invertida, iluminado por baixo) como côncavos, planos ou convexos. Além disso, as magnitudes dos seus relevos percebidos foram reproduzidas ao se esticar uma trena retrátil. Independente da cor, iluminação e orientação das máscaras, a maioria das respostas indicou que os reversos das máscaras foram percebidos como convexos. E mesmo nas poucas respostas em que as máscaras foram classificadas como planas, houve atribuição de relevo mensurável. Estes resultados confirmam que a ilusória profundidade da máscara facial côncava como convexa é robusta sob influência de variáveis diversas, o que sugere atuação predominante de processos de alta ordem sobre os processos de baixa ordem na percepção visual de faces.
Avaliação de aprendizagem em disciplinas de curso técnico a distância
Authors: Borges-Ferreira Maria Fernanda , Abbad Gardênia
Published: February 2010

Este artigo relata a avaliação de um curso a distância e a análise do relacionamento entre estratégias de aprendizagem, características demográficas, reação ao curso e aprendizagem. Participaram da pesquisa cerca de 2.368 estudantes, que responderam questionários através do ambiente virtual do curso, ao final de cada disciplina. Os participantes possuíam, em média, 19,4 anos de idade (DP = 5,24), residiam na região Centro-Oeste (87,8%) e pertenciam ao sexo masculino (77,1%). Foram testados três modelos de regressão múltipla padrão com aprendizagem como variável critério, medida em termos das notas dos estudantes em atividades avaliativas realizadas ao longo e ao final de cada disciplina. Os resultados mostraram que idade, localização da escola, auto-avaliação de aprendizagem, reações aos procedimentos instrucionais e aos resultados do curso explicaram uma pequena, mas estatisticamente significativa porção da variabilidade das médias finais de aprendizagem.
Deterioration of Blood Pressure Control After Discontinuation of a Physician‐Pharmacist Collaborative Intervention
Authors: Carter Barry L. , Doucette William R. , Franciscus Carrie L. , Ardery Gail , Kluesner Karen M. , Chrischilles Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2010

Study Objective. To assess blood pressure control after discontinuation of a physician‐pharmacist collaborative intervention.

Design. Comparative analysis of data of the patients who received the intervention versus a control group from a prospective, cluster‐randomized, 9‐ month efficacy trial and the same patients' data 18 and 27 months after completion of the trial, abstracted from their medical records.

Setting. Five primary care medical offices operated by a university health system.

Patients. One hundred four patients with hypertension; 65 were in the intervention group, and 39 were in the control group.

Measurements and Main Results. In the prospective study, patients were randomized to receive a physician‐pharmacist collaborative intervention to improve blood pressure control or to the control group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured by a research nurse at baseline and at the end of the study (9 mo later). In the current study, data were abstracted for blood pressure and blood pressure control at 18 and 27 months (9 and 18 mo, respectively, after discontinuation of the study). At baseline, mean ± SD systolic blood pressure was 152.5 ± 9.5 and 150.1 ± 9.6 mm Hg in the intervention and control groups, respectively (p=0.22). At 9 months, systolic blood pressure decreased to 124.5 ± 10.7 and 132.0 ± 15.1 mm Hg (p=0.0038 between groups), and blood pressure was controlled in 78.5% and 48.7% (p=0.0017) of patients in the intervention and control groups, respectively: By 18 months, systolic blood pressure had deteriorated to 131.0 ± 12.2 and 143.3 ± 17.5 mm Hg (p<0.001), and blood pressure control rates decreased to 53.9% and 30.8% (p=0.02). By 27 months, systolic blood pressure was 131.3 ± 13.0 and 141.2 ± 15.8 mm Hg (p=0.0008), and blood pressure control was 55.4% and 35.9% (p=0.05).

Conclusion. A sustained positive effect on blood pressure control was noted up to 18 months after discontinuation of a physician‐pharmacist collaborative intervention, when compared with a control group. Blood pressure control did deteriorate at a similar rate in both the intervention and control groups, but the percentage of patients with controlled blood pressure remained significantly higher in the intervention group. These results suggest that continued interventions by pharmacists may be necessary to maintain high rates of blood pressure control, especially in those patients whose blood pressure begins to increase.
Positive effects of native shrubs on Bromus tectorum demography
Authors: Griffith Alden B.
Published: February 2010

There is increasing recognition that overall interactions among plant species are often the net result of both positive and negative effects. However, the positive influence of other plants has rarely been examined using detailed demographic methods, which are useful for partitioning net effects at the population level into positive and/or negative effects on individual vital rates. This study examines the influence of microhabitats created by the native shrubs Artemisia tridentata and Purshia tridentata on the demography of the invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum in the Great Basin Desert, California, USA. Shrub understory environments differed significantly from intershrub space and were characterized by higher soil fertility and less extreme microclimates. There existed a strong spatial association between B. tectorum and the shrubs across four years, with more than double the density of B. tectorum in shrub microhabitats compared to intershrub space. Periodic matrix models were used to calculate population growth (λ) and reproductive potential (RP, expected lifetime fecundity of seedlings) of B. tectorum in different microhabitats over two years. Modeled population growth was significantly increased in shrub microhabitats in the first of two years. This was primarily due to increased seedling establishment in Artemisia microhabitats, rather than effects during the growing season. In the following year, B. tectorum individuals in shrub microhabitats had a significantly greater reproductive potential than those in intershrub microhabitats, indicating shrub facilitation during the growing season. Loop analysis revealed an interacting effect of year and microhabitat on B. tectorum life history pathway elasticity values, demonstrating a fundamental influence of spatiotemporal factors on which life history pathways are important and/or possible. Life table response experiment (LTRE) analysis showed that increased survival and growth rates positively contributed to population growth in both years under Purshia, but only in the second year under Artemisia. This research provides evidence that the positive effects of native shrubs on B. tectorum can be strong enough to produce net positive effects at the population level, although positive effects were variable. In this study, a rigorous demographic approach was particularly useful in partitioning overall interactions into positive and negative components.
A distance‐based framework for measuring functional diversity from multiple traits
Authors: Laliberté Etienne , Legendre Pierre
Published: February 2010

A new framework for measuring functional diversity (FD) from multiple traits has recently been proposed. This framework was mostly limited to quantitative traits without missing values and to situations in which there are more species than traits, although the authors had suggested a way to extend their framework to other trait types. The main purpose of this note is to further develop this suggestion. We describe a highly flexible distance‐based framework to measure different facets of FD in multidimensional trait space from any distance or dissimilarity measure, any number of traits, and from different trait types (i.e., quantitative, semi‐quantitative, and qualitative). This new approach allows for missing trait values and the weighting of individual traits. We also present a new multidimensional FD index, called functional dispersion (FDis), which is closely related to Rao's quadratic entropy. FDis is the multivariate analogue of the weighted mean absolute deviation (MAD), in which the weights are species relative abundances. For unweighted presence–absence data, FDis can be used for a formal statistical test of differences in FD. We provide the “FD” R language package to easily implement our distance‐based FD framework.
A mechanistic basis for underyielding in phytoplankton communities
Authors: Schmidtke Andrea , Gaedke Ursula , Weithoff Guntram
Published: February 2010

Species richness has been shown to increase biomass production of plant communities. Such overyielding occurs when a community performs better than its component monocultures due to the complementarity or dominance effect and is mostly detected in substrate‐bound plant communities (terrestrial plants or submerged macrophytes) where resource use complementarity can be enhanced due to differences in rooting architecture and depth. Here, we investigated whether these findings are generalizeable for free‐floating phytoplankton with little potential for spatial differences in resource use. We performed aquatic microcosm experiments with eight phytoplankton species belonging to four functional groups to determine the manner in which species and community biovolume varies in relation to the number of functional groups and hypothesized that an increasing number of functional groups within a community promotes overyielding. Unexpectedly, we did not detect overyielding in any algal community. Instead, total community biovolume tended to decrease with an increasing number of functional groups. This underyielding was mainly caused by the negative dominance effect that originated from a trade‐off between growth rate and final biovolume. In monoculture, slow‐growing species built up higher biovolumes than fast‐growing ones, whereas in mixture a fast‐growing but low‐productive species monopolized most of the nutrients and prevented competing species from developing high biovolumes expected from monocultures. Our results indicated that the magnitude of the community biovolume was largely determined by the identity of one species. Functional diversity and resource use complementarity were of minor importance among free‐floating phytoplankton, possibly reflecting the lack of spatially heterogeneous resource distribution. As a consequence, biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships may not be easily generalizeable from substrate‐bound plant to phytoplankton communities and vice versa.
Optimal partitioning theory revisited: Nonstructural carbohydrates dominate root mass responses to nitrogen
Authors: Kobe Richard K. , Iyer Meera , Walters Michael B.
Published: February 2010

Under optimal partitioning theory (OPT), plants preferentially allocate biomass to acquire the resource that most limits growth. Within this framework, higher root mass under low nutrients is often assumed to reflect an allocation response to build more absorptive surface. However, higher root mass also could result from increased storage of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) without an increase in non‐storage mass or root surface area. To test the relative contributions of TNC and non‐storage mass as components of root mass responses to resources, we grew seedlings of seven northern hardwood tree species (black, red, and white oak, sugar and red maple, American beech, and black cherry) in a factorial light × nitrogen (N) greenhouse experiment. Because root mass is a coarse metric of absorptive surface, we also examined treatment effects on fine‐root surface area (FRSA).

Consistent with OPT, total root mass as a proportion of whole‐plant mass generally was greater in low vs. high N. However, changes in root mass were influenced by TNC mass in all seven species and were especially strong in the three oak species. In contrast, non‐storage mass contributed to increased total root mass under low N in three of the seven species. Root morphology also responded, with higher fine‐root surface area (normalized to root mass) under low vs. high N in four species. Although biomass partitioning responses to resources were consistent with OPT, our results challenge the implicit assumption that increases in root mass under low nutrient levels primarily reflect allocation shifts to build more root surface area. Rather, root responses to low N included increases in: TNC, non‐storage mass and fine‐root surface area, with increases in TNC being the largest and most consistent of these responses. The greatest TNC accumulation occurred when C was abundant relative to N. Total nonstructural carbohydrates storage could provide seedlings a carbon buffer when respiratory or growth demands are not synchronized with photosynthesis, flexibility in responding to uncertain and fluctuating abiotic and biotic conditions, and increased access to soil resources by providing an energy source for mycorrhizae, decomposers in the rhizosphere, or root uptake of nutrients.
Managed Pressure Drilling Brings Added Value to Production Casings Cementing Operations Increasing Success Rates and Quality in HPHT Fractured Narrow Window Wells
Authors: Beltran Juan Carlos , Lupo Corrado , Gallo Fernando , Duno Hermogenes , Medina Leiro
Published: February 2010

The oilfields in study are important assets for the National Oil Company and represent 14% of the total oil production of the country. Two wide different and drastically challenging scenarios can be found: HPHT wells with a narrow mud weight window; and highly depleted wells in fractured carbonates. In both cases, the cementing job in production casings is historically classified as very difficult as a direct consequence of high frictional pressure losses due to the small annulus and deep wells configuration which causes loss circulation problems. A close analysis of the offset wells identified the use of MPD as a possible partial solution to mitigate the usual loss circulation scenario.

This document describes the successful implementation of the MPD technique as a supplemental aid for cementing jobs, eliminating cement losses, avoiding formation damage, reducing mud losses by also offering additional safety to this kind of operations. In the last two years MPD has been used in a number of cementing jobs in HPHT wells and also in low pressure wells; with equivalent circulating densities as high as 1.65 sg. in both single phase and multiphase drilling fluids MPD applications as low as 0.29 specific gravity.

Paper will also detail recommended operational procedures and recommended practices to integrate the MPD technique along with conventional cementing operations. The annulus between the 5” liner and the 7” liner 38# is very small, this condition associated with a narrow mud weight window, makes quite impossible to do a successful cementing job without the aid of the MPD technique.
First Under-Balanced Drilling Experience in AGOCO Sarir Field
Authors: Musbah Biltayib , Elhemry M. , Rahuma Khulud M.
Published: February 2010

AGOCO is one of Libyan NOC affiliated companies; decide to pioneer the introduction of a new way of drilling horizontal wells in the Sarir C – North field. As one of the conclusions from the rock strength and wellbore stability undertaken on C- North core was that in order to maintain wellbore stability at such low reservoir pressure, any horizontal drilling in member 5-AA must be undertaken using controlled pressure drilling methods that will require an Under-balance drilling Unit. The main objectives was to drill the horizontal reservoir section to TD at 10767 ft eliminating or minimizing lost circulation where no drilling time would be lost due to cure losses, also to reduce the formation damage. The C-349 H well was the first UBD horizontal well drilled by AGOCO. The paper discusses the objectives, planning, and the performance of horizontal UBD well as the first well drilled by AGOCO.
A Critical Reflection on Occupational Therapy within One Assertive Community Treatment Team
Authors: Egan Mary Y. , Kubina Lucy-Ann , Lidstone Rosemarie I. , Macdougall Gregory H. , Raudoy Anne E.
Published: February 2010

Background. The generic process of occupational therapy is often described but is rarely the topic of critical analysis. Purpose. To critically reflect on the occupational therapy process within one Assertive Community Treatment team. Methods. Using an instrumental case study approach, we interviewed one occupational therapist-client dyad from an Assertive Community Treatment team monthly over the course of nine months and reviewed occupational therapy chart notes. Data were analyzed for topical concerns and foreshadowed problems related to the process of occupational therapy. Findings. Five topical concerns were identified. These related to the impact of the use of a medical model lens, unarticulated occupational therapy theory, acceptable occupational therapy goals, the complexity of occupational goals, and invisible emotions and unexamined relationships. Implications. Our research method allowed us to critically reflect on the occupational therapy process within one setting. This reflection may have implications for occupation-based, client-centred services in other areas.
Utilisation d'une interface cerveau-ordinateur par un client présentant un traumatisme craniocérébral
Authors: Vincent Claude , Bisson Janick , Langlois Érik , Voyer Manon , Cantin Jean-François
Published: February 2010

Contexte. Il n'y a qu'un savoir limité sur l'efficacité des modes d'accès à l'ordinateur. Cet article présente le rapport de cas d'un client présentant un traumatisme crâniocérébral grave qui, quatre ans après son acciden t, a essayé une interface cerveau-ordinateur (technologie Cyberlink). Objectifs. Évaluer le rendement dans l'utilisation de l'ordinateur (c'est-à-dire, le maniement du clavier et de la souris) et le degré de réalisation de trois occupations (c'est-à-dire, la communication écrite, les relations interpersonnelles et les loisirs). Méthodologie. Un entraînement de 16 semaines (2 X sem.) et un suivi trois mois post intervention ont été réalisés. L'activation de l'ordinateur avec Cyberlink a été testée avec les mouvements latéraux des yeux, les ondes de relaxation et d'activation du cerveau et la musculature faciale. Constatations. Après 8 semaines d'entraînement avec Cyberlink, il n'y avait aucune amélioration dans le maniement du clavier et de la souris. L'essai d'une autre interface (écran tactile) a finalement permis d'optimiser les fonctions de la souris. Conséquences pour la pratique. Les incapacités au niveau de l'endurance et de la mémoire peuvent être contrecarrées par un entraînement de l'utilisation de l'ordinateur répétitif, flexible et sur une longue période.
A Red Wine Extract Supplement Protects against Apoptosis and Inhibits Changes in Mitochondrial Permeability and Membrane Potential
Authors: Chen Na , Chiu Po Yee , Ko Kam Ming
Published: February 2010

The effects of a red wine extract supplement (Super S.O.D) on hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis were examined in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Super S.O.D pretreatment dose-dependently protected against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. The cytoprotection was associated with increases in cellular reduced glutathione level and mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as the decrease in the extent of Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore opening in both unchallenged and challenged cells, as compared with the unpretreated control. The results indicated that Super S.O.D pretreatment protected against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, possibly mediated by the inhibition of MPT triggered by hypoxia/reoxygenation challenge.
Polymer Nanocomposites Containing Anisotropic Metal Nanostructures as Internal Strain Indicators
Authors: Bernabò Marco , Pucci Andrea , Ramanitra Hasina Harimino , Ruggeri Giacomo
Published: February 2010

Polymer/metal nanocomposite containing intrinsically anisotropic metal nanostructures such as metal nanorods and nanowires appeared extremely more sensitive and responsive to mechanical stimuli than nanocomposites containing spherical nanoparticles. After uniaxial stretching of the supporting polymer matrix (poly(vinyl alcohol)), the elongated silver nanostructures embedded at low concentration into the polymer matrix (
An Evaluation of a Behaviour Assessment to Determine the Suitability of Shelter Dogs for Rehoming
Authors: Poulsen A. H. , Lisle A. T. , Phillips C. J. C.
Published: February 2010

We evaluated a scheme for assessing shelter dog behaviour, which used 28 tests and rated responses from 0 (positive response) to 5 (fear, tonic immobility, or escape attempts). The assessment was evaluated for 236 dogs, and was repeated by a different assessor for 39 dogs approximately 80 days after rehoming to determine relevance of individual test components. A new owner survey evaluated satisfaction with the dog. A total of 130 of 236 dogs passed (score≤70), 24 scored 71–80 (referred for behavioural modification), and 82 (score>80) failed. Scores were mainly unaffected by dog type and environmental variables, but decreased if dog faeces from a previous test was present in the arena during a test. Shelter tests only correlated with repeat tests if there was no direct contact with assessors. Adopters were satisfied with their dogs, despite reporting some behaviour problems. The shelter assessment was therefore robust against most outside influences but did not predict responses to people well.
Juvenile thyroid malignancy
Authors: Parelkar Sandesh , Joshi Milind
Published: February 2010

Thyroid malignancy is an uncommon tumor of the pediatric population. Patients can present with asymptomatic thyroid nodule and it requires thorough work up to rule out the malignancy. Radiological and pathological procedures are a standard part of the management. A 10-year-old girl had asymptomatic thyroid nodule; the cytological examination and the frozen section and final histology of the nodule was different each time. The girl had to undergo total thyroidectomy on the basis of histology of the nodule which was well differentiated papillary carcinoma of thyroid and is under regular follow-up for last two years on thyroid supplementation.
Inhibition of Aluminum Alloy 2024 Corrosion by Vanadates: An In Situ Atomic Force Microscopy Scratching Investigation
Authors: Iannuzzi M. , Frankel G. S.
Published: February 2010

The morphology and kinetics of the localized corrosion of aluminum alloy (AA)2024-T3 (UNS A92024) at the open-circuit potential were investigated by in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) scratching. The addition of metavanadate to chloride solutions resulted in outstanding corrosion inhibition. Samples exposed to 0.1 M sodium chloride (NaCl) with no inhibitor developed a trench-like attack at the periphery of large Al-Cu-Fe-Mn-(Si) intermetallic phases. The addition of dilute metavanadate markedly reduced the kinetics of the attack. In addition, most S-phase particles remained free of attack. Higher concentrations of metavanadate increased protection even further so that only high AFM tip forces could induce pitting corrosion. Corrosion attack was immediately observed when AA2024-T3 samples were exposed to chloride solutions containing orange decavanadates. The attack nucleated on the exposed surface but not under the AFM tip. The attack grew continuously, accompanied by gas evolution and formation of corrosion products. Optical inspection after the test indicated severe corrosion damage, confirming an overall poor performance of orange decavanadate solutions as corrosion inhibitors.
Liquid-Metal Embrittlement of Type 316L Stainless Steel by Gallium as Measured by Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics
Authors: Kolman D. G. , Chavarria R.
Published: February 2010

In order to bound failure of austenitic stainless steel storage containers housing Ga-containing compounds, the liquid-metal embrittlement of Type 316L (UNS S31603) stainless steel (SS) by Ga was investigated. Type 316L SS compact tension specimens were exposed to liquid Ga using a depassivation technique to wet the specimen. Linear elastic and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics methods were used to compare the fatigue and fracture behavior. Mild liquid-metal embrittlement was observed, as indicated by increased fatigue crack growth rate, decreased number of fatigue cycles to failure, decreased crack initiation resistance, and increased crack growth rate. Stable cracking was observed for all test conditions. A small amount of intergranular cracking was observed following Ga exposure. No effect of test temperature on embrittlement was observed over the small temperature range examined (35°C to 75°C). Decreasing crosshead displacement rate promoted Ga embrittlement. Based on fractography, profilometry, and mechanics, it appears that both adsorption-induced decohesion and adsorption-enhanced plasticity mechanisms are operative in the Type 316L SS-Ga system.
Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 22 and Ti Grade 7 in a Nuclear Waste Repository Environment
Authors: Hua F. , Gordon G.
Published: February 2010

Alloy 22 (UNS N06022) and Ti Grade 7 (UNS R52400) are the current corrosion-resistant materials of choice for fabricating the waste package outer barrier and the drip shield, respectively, for the proposed high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain. In this work, the general and crevice corrosion behavior of annealed and welded Alloy 22 and Ti Grade 7 exposed in basic saturated water (BSW-12) for four and eight weeks at 60°C to 105°C were evaluated using the ASTM G78 method combined with surface analysis and statistical analysis of corrosion rate. The general corrosion rates for Alloy 22 and Ti Grade 7 were found to increase linearly with temperature but decrease with the exposure time. The mean corrosion rate was found to be 0.003 mpy (0.075 μm/y) at 60°C and 0.010 mpy (0.25μm/y) at 105°C for Alloy 22 and 0.008 mpy (0.20 μm/y) at 60°C and 0.022 mpy (0.56 μm/y) at 105°C for Ti Grade 7. No significant difference in corrosion behavior between the annealed and welded materials was observed. For both materials the surface imperfections inherited from materials processing did not seem to deteriorate the excellent corrosion resistance of the materials but might serve as the “traps” for corrosion products. The apparent activation energies for the temperature dependence of corrosion rates of Ti Grade 7 and Alloy 22 in BSW-12 environment were obtained as 25.3 (±5.5) KJ/mol and 23.7 (±4.5) KJ/mol, respectively. Although none of the materials was found susceptible to crevice corrosion under the test conditions, to conclude that these materials are immune to crevice corrosion in BSW-12 would require longer-term testing.
Effect of Microalloy Elements on Corrosion Resistance of High-Chromium-Containing Ferritic Stainless Steels in Chloride Solutions
Authors: Kim H. , Lee Y-D.
Published: February 2010

The effects of inclusions on corrosion resistance of high-Cr-containing ferritic steels were studied using electrochemical tests (anodic polarization and electrochemical noise [EN]) and a ferric chloride (FeCl3) test in chloride solution. For this purpose, the inclusion type and size in the matrix was controlled by the selective addition of alloying elements, their contents, and pickling treatment. Large inclusions such as titanium nitride (TiN), though chemically stable, caused surface cracks at the inclusion/matrix interface during mechanical treatments and decreased pitting corrosion resistance. Soluble inclusions located at the interface were preferentially attacked to form crevices even if the inclusions were as small as a submicron. Meanwhile, submicron inclusions such as Nb, C, or N did not affect pitting corrosion resistance. Unlike the chemical compositions and shape of inclusion, the surface area covered by inclusions did not affect pitting corrosion resistance. Hence, the main factor affecting corrosion resistance was the presence of a crevice, whether it was formed by dissolution or mechanical damage, and not the number of inclusions. EN testing revealed that the experimental alloys deoxidized by Si were more resistant to initial pitting corrosion resistance than those deoxidized by Al, though many steel manufacturers deoxidize stainless steels by Al. The discrepancy was attributed to the difference of the chemical stability and the feasability of crack formation depending on inclusion.
Predicting Sulfidic and Naphthenic Acid Corrosion
Authors: Hau J.
Published: February 2010

This paper reviews the factors that are hindering the development of models to predict corrosion due to sulfur compounds, naphthenic acids, or both, acting simultaneously on steels within the temperature range typically from 230°C to 400°C. These factors are identified as data scattering that do not distribute normally, variables or factors that do not exert their influence in a gradual manner but as a threshold behavior, and the interactions between the factors of sulfidic and naphthenic acid corrosion; exposure time, temperature, and velocity (shear stress); and the chromium and molybdenum content of the steels (Si content is not discussed). Not dealing with the interactions is probably the largest obstacle, followed by data scattering.
Two-Electrode Electrochemical Impedance Sensor: Part 2—Impedance Measurement and Simulation of Coatings on Nonmetal Substrates
Authors: Qi X. , Hinderliter B. , Gelling V. J.
Published: February 2010

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been studied extensively as a quantitative technique for evaluating protective coatings, which degrade unavoidably, regardless of their substrate type. However, most EIS studies focus on coatings on metal substrates. Consequently, on nonmetal substrates, coating evaluation is still lacking a quantitative method. Examples of the coatings on nonmetal substrates include not only those on nonconductive substrates such as plastics and composites but also the top layer of multilayer coatings on metal substrate. Here, with a two-cell EIS (TCEIS) configuration, EIS techniques are made available for evaluating coatings on nonconductive substrates, which is a progress toward future quantitative evaluation of these coatings. To test the feasibility of the TCEIS, impedance measurements were carried out on two different coatings on various non-metal and metal (for comparison) substrates. Measurements were successful on several nonmetal substrates and all the metal substrates. A simplified two-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) model was used to assist the interpretation of the results and study the effects on the TCEIS measurements from the relative size and position of a coating defect and the two cells of TCEIS.
Relationship of work injury severity to family member hospitalization
Authors: Asfaw Abay G. , Bushnell P. Timothy , Ray Tapas K.
Published: February 2010

Background

Working while under stress due to a family health event may result in injuries of greater severity. Work leave might mitigate such consequences.

Data and Methods

Workers' compensation data for 33,817 injured workers and inpatient medical data for 76,077 members of their families were extracted from the 2002–2005 Thomson Reuters Medstat MarketScan Health and Productivity Management (HPM) and Commercial Claims and Encounter (CCE) datasets. Using a probit model, the impact of family hospitalization on the probability that a subsequent injury would be severe (above average indemnity costs) was estimated, adjusting for age, sex, hourly versus salaried status, industry sector, state, and family size.

Results

Family hospitalization within 15 days before injury increased the likelihood that the injury would be severe (from 12.5% to 21.5%) and was associated with 40% higher indemnity costs and 50% higher medical costs. Hospitalizations over 30 days before injury had no impact.

Conclusion

The observed higher severity of work injuries following family hospitalizations suggests additional analyses may find higher injury rates as well, and that timely family leaves might help prevent severe workplace injuries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:506–513, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Informal social status among coworkers and risk of work‐related injury among nurse aides in long‐term care
Authors: Myers Douglas J. , Lipscomb Hester J.
Published: February 2010

Background

A social network measure was used to explore whether one's rank in an informal social hierarchy of nurse aides employed in a single long‐term care facility was associated with risk of work‐related injury.

Methods

Six months of administrative staff schedule data and self‐reported injury records were examined. Using survey data, social status rank in the informal hierarchy for each aide was operationalized as the number of coworkers who would approach the aide for advice about work‐related matters. Conditional logistic regression was used to model the effect of social status on injury risk; cases were matched to controls consisting of coworkers present on the floor, shift, and date of the injury event. This allowed for a comparison of social status rank within social groups among workers with the same job title.

Results

Injury incidence rates decreased across tertiles of social status rank scores. A non‐significant drop in injury risk in the highest tertile of social status was observed (adjusted OR = 0.24 95% CI [0.05, 1.32]).

Conclusion

Findings of this exploratory study were internally consistent and support a theoretical framework suggesting that patterns of social relations between individuals based on informal social status in the workplace may contribute to differences in work‐related injury risk among individuals with the same job title. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:514–523, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fatigue at sea in Swedish shipping—a field study
Authors: Lützhöft Margareta , Dahlgren Anna , Kircher Albert , Thorslund Birgitta , Gillberg Mats
Published: February 2010

Background

Today many merchant ships sail with only two nautical officers, working a shift schedule of 6 hr on and 6 hr off. There are concerns that such a shift schedule is related to fatigue. However, little data exist from onboard studies of seafarers.

Methods

Data were collected on board 13 ships. Fifteen participants worked on a 6‐on, 6‐off watch system and another 15 on a 4‐on, 8‐off watch system. Electrooculography, actigraphy, diaries, and reaction time tests were used to measure the effects of shift system on fatigue and sleep.

Results and Conclusions

Sleepiness was higher during the night shift in the 6‐on, 6‐off system. Moreover, sleepiness increased more during the watch in the 6‐on, 6‐off system compared to the 4‐on, 8‐off system. There was a trend toward shorter sleep episodes in the 6‐on, 6‐off system and sleep was more often split into two episodes. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:733–740, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of L‐plastin interaction with beta integrin and its regulation by micro‐calpain
Authors: Le Goff E. , Vallentin A. , Harmand P‐O. , Aldrian‐Herrada G. , Rebière B. , Roy C. , Benyamin Y. , Lebart M‐C.
Published: February 2010

Recent evidences suggest that plastin/fimbrin is more than a simple actin cross‐linking molecule. In this context and based on the fact that other members of the same family interact with transmembrane proteins, such as integrins, we have investigated a possible interaction between L‐plastin and integrins. By combining coimmunoprecipitation of endogenous proteins and in vitro techniques based on solid phase and solution assays, we demonstrate that L‐plastin is an additional binding partner for the β‐chain of integrin and confirmed that both proteins display some colocalization. We then show that L‐plastin binds to the cytoplasmic domain of β1 integrin and to β1 and β2 peptides. Using recombinant L‐plastin domains, we demonstrate that the integrin‐binding sites are not located in NH2 terminal part of L‐plastin but rather in the two actin‐binding domains. Using pull‐down, cross‐linking experiments, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, we show that the L‐plastin/integrin complex is regulated by μ‐calpain cleavage and is not directly dissociated by calcium. Indeed, despite the ability of calpain to cleave both proteins, only the cleavage of β integrin hindered the formation of the L‐plastin/integrin complex. We discuss these results in the light of the three‐dimensional structure of the actin‐binding domains of L‐plastin. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.