bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Furniture design based on parent-child interaction experience
Authors: Zhu Jingyuan , Wu Qing
Published: July 2020

To explore how children’s furniture can become a tool of parent-child interaction, so that furniture can not only satisfy children’s curiosity, but also bring new feelings and experiences to parents and children. It is necessary to establish a bond of love between parents and children by adding parent-child interaction projects. This children’s furniture will give children a warm family life experience. Background analysis of parent-child interaction furniture design was conducted by means of data search and market research to explore children’s physiological and psychological characteristics. It is necessary to analyze parent-child interaction mode and its elements and try to make compound chairs have interactive functions so that compound chairs can bring good interaction experience to parents and children. As a result, this compound chair can meet user needs. The design features of parent-child interactive furniture are analyzed with the physiological characteristics of children as the design elements. Personally interactive furniture can create an interactive world for children and parents in a limited living space. It is able to promote the emotional exchange between parents and children, create a space conducive to children’s physiological and psychological growth. Ultimately, this kind of interactive furniture can promote the physical and mental health of children.
Research on the Application of Reductive Active Learning Method in the Design of Transmission Teaching Aids
Authors: Xu Zeyu , Ma Chundong , Zhang Yong , Yu Hongjie , Gao Honghe
Published: July 2020

In view of the dual pressure of examination oriented and extra-curricular counseling in primary education, this paper discusses the relationship between knowledge acquisition and perceptual experience through the design of teaching aids according to the educational concept of reductive active learning method. Based on life style as logic, the interesting transmission mode is established, and the mechanical knowledge related to force and transmission is transformed into teaching aids that conform to the cognitive law of children aged 6-12. Children get sensory experience through practical operation. Therefore, it enriches the content of science course in primary school, and establishes the perceptual experience foundation for the later learning of mathematics, machinery and physics.
A Method for Yarns Calculation in Sock production
Authors: Zhang Yan , Ji Xiaomin , Gao Zhu , Wang Xupeng
Published: July 2020

In socks production, enterprises always confuse how to estimate the quantity of the yarns rapidly and correctly for different kinds of socks. It results in the socks’ costs cannot be calculated in time. This paper aims at the calculation method of yarn used in the socks based on their pattern files and development of the corresponding software so that the quantity of yarns consumption can be calculated timely before the sock production. The composition of sock was introduced and the pattern file for sock production was analysed firstly. Then a concept of Thousand Stitches Weight(TSW) was proposed and the TSWs were determined for some yarns with different knitting structures. On this basis, a process was proposed for the calculation of yarn expending in a sock with different knitting structures before production. Finally, a software was developed to get the results fast and easily. The example shows that the calculation method proposed in this paper is reliable and valuable for hosiery enterprises.
The Value of Learning and Interact Action Based on Problem Context in Network Virtual Environment
Authors: Li Bo
Published: July 2020

At present, the network learning resource architecture mostly stays in the category of individual learning, focusing only on the listing and display of knowledge, but rarely to reflect the problem context, it is difficult to motivate learners’ active exploration and learning interaction. This paper aims at the analysis of learning and interaction activities based on the problem context, realizes the construction of learning and interaction level model caused by the problem situation, and reveals the five interaction levels of the model from low level to high level. Further more，to discuss the research value of problem-based learning and interactive behaviour in the network virtual environment by using the teaching case of the interactive simulation teaching system of aircraft virtual assembly and driving operation.
Research on Design of Hongmu Leftover in Cultural Creative Products
Authors: Gao Weilong , Tong Zhuo , Gao Weixia
Published: July 2020

Hongmu is mostly used in furniture. The generation of corner materials in the production process of furniture causes unnecessary waste. Based on the current status of the use of leftover materials, this paper focuses on the feasibility of Hongmu materials in cultural creative design. It puts forward suggestions for the development of leftover materials and cultural creative products to help designers and enterprises use leftover materials more effectively and to maximize the value and cultural connotation.
Research on Design of Offline Luggage Stores Based on User Experience
Authors: Shu Jianyao , Hu Xitong , Zhang Weiguo , Mei Yun
Published: July 2020

In today’s fashion field, in addition to clothing and footwear, luggage also has most of the consumer market. Bags and luggage products are different from consumer goods such as clothing and accessories. The luggage market has greater potential and expansion capacity. With the advent of 2020, major progress has been made in building a well-off society in an all-round way, the level of the national economy has continued to improve, and the quality of life of our residents has become better and better. Consumers purchasing items not only consider quality and function, but also put forward requirements on quality and personalization. Compared with the traditional offline luggage stores, experiential offline stores pay more attention to consumers’ purchase process, optimize the purchase process, and satisfy the spiritual consumption experience. Today, many brands have begun to pay attention to the experience design of offline physical stores, but it is not enough, especially for luggage stores. In the era of the explosion of the experience economy, exploring the user experience and integrating experience design into the physical stores of luggage and bags has become a research hotspot in the new era.
The construction of digital inheritance and preservation method for Ansai waist drum
Authors: Guo Ying , Wang Xupeng , Li Ruikun
Published: July 2020

An effective digital method to promote the inheritance and preservation of Ansai waist drum is introduced. The method is based on multiple technologies such as motion capture, experiment, database, as well as system development are comprehensively applied, in order to finish the construction of digital learning system, which includes architecture of system logic, construction of action information database, and functional modules design of the system such as action information module, template action animation module, data acquisition module, and evaluation module of learning action, as well as the user interface design. The method is also useful for other dance and sport national intangible cultural heritage.
Peritonealdialyse
Authors: Alscher Mark Dominik
Published: July 2020

Bei eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion besteht allgemein bereits ein zunehmendes Ödemrisiko, und das Auftreten von Ödemen kann ein wichtiges Symptom der Urämie sein. Mit einem Dialyseverfahren sollen die wesentlichen Symptome der Urämie behandelt werden, also auch die Ödeme.
Building Complexity and Achieving Selectivity through Catalysis – Case Studies from the Pharmaceutical Pipeline
Authors: Tedrow Jason S. , Thiel Oliver R. , Beaver Matthew G. , Caille Seb , Farrell Robert P. , Rötheli Andreas R. , Smith Austin G.
Published: July 2020

The last decade of small-molecule process development has witnessed a trend of increasing molecular complexity for clinical candidates. The continued advance of novel catalytic methods and subsequent translation to efficient and scalable processes has enabled process chemists to overcome the challenges associated with increasing complexity. This Account highlights several examples from the process chemistry laboratories at Amgen.

1 Introduction

2 The Evolution of Molecular Complexity

3 Catalysis as a Lever to Build Complexity

4 Ru(II)-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution Enabling the Manufacture of AMG 232

5 Application of Enzymatic Desymmetrization toward Scale-Up of the MCL-1 Inhibitor AMG 176

6 Synthesis of Fucostatin 1: Catalytic Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation

7 Manganese-Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation To Prepare a Carfilzomib Intermediate

8 Asymmetric Reduction Strategies: Novel Apelin Receptor Agonists and AMG 986

9 Conclusions
PHACE Syndrome in a Child with Structural Malformations of the Brain
Authors: Aygünes Utku , Dogan Melih Timucin , Keceli Avni Merter
Published: July 2020

PHACE syndrome is an acronym that describes a neurocutaneous condition, consisting of posterior fossa malformations that coexist with large facial hemangiomas, eye anomalies, and cardiac/aortic defects. The prognosis of the disease has not been clearly identified. There appears to be a risk of stroke in children with arterial anomalies. Radiological examinations play a considerable role in determining the degree of intracranial, cardiac involvement and the probable complications. In this article, we reported a 4-month-old boy with PHACE syndrome that has been diagnosed through a large segmental infantile hemangioma involving the eye and over the left half of the face in brain magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography findings. One month after starting propranolol therapy, there was a noticeable reduction in the size of the lesions. Almost complete resolution of the hemangioma was seen after a 6 months of propranolol therapy.
Partitioning of total soil respiration into root, rhizosphere and basal-soil CO2 fluxes in contrasting rice production systems
Authors: Neogi S. , Dash P. K. , Bhattacharyya P. , Padhy S. R. , Roy K. S. , Nayak A. K.
Published: July 2020

Soil respiration contributes significantly to ecosystem respiration and is vital in the context of climate change research. In a season-long experiment we studied total soil respiration (TSR) and its partitioning into root respiration, rhizospheric respiration (RhR) and basal-soil respiration in four contrasting rice production systems: irrigated lowland (IL) (cv. Gayatri); organic nutrient managed irrigated lowland (OIL) (cv. Geetanjali); system of rice intensification (SRI) (cv. Swarna); and aerobic rice system (Aerobic) (cv. APO). We considered TSR to be the sum of root respiration, RhR and basal-soil respiration. Irrespective of the rice production system, TSR was higher at panicle initiation stage. Considering all four systems, the RhR contributed the most (59–83%) and basal-soil respiration the least (10–19%) to the TSR. Mean RhR showed the trend of Aerobic > SRI > IL > OIL across the growing seasons and indicated higher rhizosphere activities in the aerobic system. Mean root respiration showed a trend of IL > OIL > SRI > Aerobic and mean basal-soil respiration had SRI > IL > OIL > Aerobic. Soil labile carbon pools and heterotrophic populations were higher in OIL and dehydrogenase activity was higher in SRI. Microbial biomass carbon, readily mineralisable carbon, dehydrogenase activity and the heterotroph population showed positive correlations with RhR. Hence, regulation of RhR is crucial and can be achieved through rhizosphere modifications linked with labile carbon pools and soil enzymatic activities by plant physiological modification or through soil carbon stabilisation.
Cyclic deformation and lattice strain distribution of high Nb containing TiAl alloy
Authors: Ding Jie , Shi Shan , Dong Zhili , Lin Junpin , Ren Yang , Wu Xiaodong , Chang Hui , Zhou Lian
Published: July 2020

Low cycle fatigue of lamellar TiAl with 8.5 at.-%Nb was studied with a total strain amplitude of 0.28% at three temperatures: room temperature, 750°C and 900°C. At room temperature, the material exhibited cyclic hardening and the fracture mode was mainly interlamellar. At 750°C and 900°C, the material showed cyclic softening and the fracture mode was translamellar. The lattice strain in γ phase was almost tensile and larger tensile lattice strain in γ phase seems detrimental. Besides, the opposite direction of {201}γ and {100}α2 lead to crack propagation along α2/γ interfaces. B2/βo phase always suffered compressive lattice strain in the tests. The destruction of lamellar microstructure was the reason for colony refinement at 750°C and 900°C.
Complex plasma in a stratified glow discharge in a strong magnetic field
Authors: Dzlieva E S , D’yachkov L G , Novikov L A , Pavlov S I , Yu Karasev V
Published: July 2020

A dusty plasma was created in a stratified glow discharge in longitudinal magnetic fields above 1 T. Experimental conditions were selected and dust structures were first created in the neon working gas in the magnetic field range B = 1.1–2.2 T. Under realized conditions, the electron cyclotron radius is close to the dust particle radius, and the ion cyclotron radius is less than the Debye screening length. Images of dust structure cross sections perpendicular to the magnetic field were obtained. They contain about 10 particles. The dependence of the angular velocity of the dust structure rotation for its widest cross section on magnetic field was measured. The direction of the angular velocity vector coincides with the direction of the magnetic induction vector. In contrast to the previously obtained dependence of the rotation velocity on magnetic field in the region B < 1 T, at B > 1 T the rotation angular velocity ceases to grow, reaching a value of about 3 rad s−1. To explain the experimental results on the dust structure rotation velocity, an analytical model of the rotation mechanism is proposed. The model is based on the concept of eddy currents in striations and the influence of the magnetic field on the striation length. The obtained estimates of the rotation velocity are in a good agreement with the experimental data.
Photon Detection in heavy-ion experiments
Authors: Modak Abhi , Kumar Prasad Sidharth
Published: July 2020

We present the measurements of multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of inclusive photons in proton-proton (pp) and heavy-ion (AA) collisions using the Photon Multiplicity Detector (PMD) employed at STAR and ALICE experiments. The working principle, design and features of PMD are discussed. The results are compared to different Monte Carlo (MC) predictions. The dependence of average photon multiplicity on centre-of-mass energy in pp collisions is discussed. The limiting fragmentation scenario for inclusive photon production in both pp and AA collisions are also reported.
An Exploratory Comparative Study of Fabricated Silica – Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites with Casted Aluminium-Silicon Alloys
Authors: Debnath Sourav , Roy Soumyajit , Kumar Pramanick Akshay
Published: July 2020

Different commercial grades of aluminium have been used in which LM6 grade is most available. An attempt has taken towards developing Aluminium-Silicon Alloys (Al-Si alloys) via conventional casting and investment casting separately. Parallel effort has made to develop silica – aluminium metal matrix composites using both crystalline and non-crystalline form of silica separately as reinforcement. Comparative study has carried out based on different physical and mechanical properties of developed products.
Effect of temperature and deposition rate on the surface morphology of thin Al metal films on glass substrate: Application in Solar Cell
Authors: Das Soham , Neogi Swarup , Mukherjee Moumita
Published: July 2020

Thin Al films with thickness around 300nm are grown on glass substrate by thermal evaporation technique. The temperature of the substrate has varied in between 2500C - 3000C and the deposition rates are varied in the range of 0.5nm/s to 3nm/s. During the evaporation process, the vacuum level as lower as 10-5 Pa is maintained. The surface morphology/roughness of the thin films are studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique. SEM images have shown that the surface roughness increases with the increasing deposition rate. The mean grain size of the metallic films on glass substrate increases from 25nm to 60nm (approx.) with the increasing deposition rate. In addition to that, the study reveals increasing substrate temperature will increase the average surface roughness.
Development of the Architectural Styles of the Reformation Era in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Harisah A , Wikantari R , Mochsen Sir M , Radja A M , Syam S , Deapati A K , Badri
Published: July 2020

The beginning of the reformation era was the post-New Order era marked by the resignation of President Soeharto in 1998, and the process is still ongoing. The purpose of this study was to identify trends in the development of architectural styles in Makassar, outlined in the form of a timeline for the development of architectural styles in the era. The used research method was the historical-diachronic analysis with data collection techniques through exploration on the internet using google maps, interviews, observations, and documents. The research population was phenomenal buildings in Makassar. Phenomenal means the amount was large/the shapes were prominent/it had a certain style/it had a political background in its emergence. The sampling technique used criterion-purposive-snowball sampling technique. The collected data was analyzed and interpreted descriptively. The assessment of validity and reliability of the data were done through the triangulation of qualitative data collection techniques. This research found that there were diverse architectural styles that developed in the reform era in Makassar, namely: No Style, My Style, Classic, Modern, Minimalist, Perforated Skin, Double Skin, Corporation, Iconic, Container Box, Colonial, Postmodern, and Tropical. The background of the emergence of these styles was influenced by various external factors: globalization, local strongmen, local/national/international corporations, local iconic interpretation, decentralization, industry, and the availability of materials and experts, local and national government, political, economic, social and cultural dynamics. Furthermore, there were also internal factors that influence the styles, namely the taste of the architects, and the taste as well as economic capabilities of the users/owners.
Comparison of Building Envelope Models to Illuminance Level in Phinisi Tower Building
Authors: Jamala N , Rahim R , Mulyadi R
Published: July 2020

The hyperbolic parabolic facade is the appearance of a Phinisi Tower Building. The building facade characterizes this building and is also the aesthetic value of this building. Building facade models are increasingly developing, but need to pay attention to their association with visual for space users. Visual comfort is related to the standardization of the level of illuminance, which has been recommended by Indonesia National Standards. Quantitative research methods that used describe data measurement results in the workspace, which are directly related to the opening of the building envelope. The level of illuminance measurements are carried out in the workspace and in open areas in medium sky conditions. The results of the study are that the level of illuminance in the workspace is very different, because of the different facade models. vertical and horizontal strip facade models have a higher level of illuminance than the hyperbolic parabolic facade, whereas in spaces that do not use a facade but shaded by sunscreen are the highest. The results of the study concluded the building facade model influence of the level of illuminance in the workspace. The contribution of this research can be a guide in designing the facade shape of buildings, by paying attention to the distribution of lighting into the space, so that it can reduce the use of energy in terms of lighting and can create energy efficient building designs.
Experimental Study of Natural Materials Utilization as a Stabilization Agent on Soft Soil
Authors: Harianto T , Marfu’ah N , Rauf I , Leatemia T B C
Published: July 2020

Chemical soil stabilization is known as the most economical method compared to others. The development of stabilization materials has led to studies of the utilization of natural materials and waste materials to replace cement and lime which has become the most popular binder agent ever known. This research utilizes natural minerals such as overboulder, zeolite and Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) as its binder agents. The amount of natural material varies at intervals 3% - 15% by the weight of soil. Additional of natural materials is done to increase bearing capacity as a subbase layer, which is based on FHWA standards CBR minimum is 20%. California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were carried out to see the effect of each material for increase bearing capacity of soft soil. Curing periode is varies at 7 days, 14 days and 28 days. The results shows, by adding natural minerals such as overboulder, zeolite, and POFA increasing the CBR value up to 5 times, 6 times and 5 times compared to untreated soil and close to the CBR value of cement stabilized soil. Referring to FHWA standards, we can conclude that natural materials can be used for stabilization materials on subbase layer.
Type and Quantity of the Residual Construction Material of Low-rise Building Construction in Makassar
Authors: Asad M A , Rusdi U L , Rosmariani A , Suharman H , Evi A , Yulio O
Published: July 2020

Waste material is considered as residual material which is not used during construction projects. These materials are unable to be reused, returned, recycled, or salvaged which have significant impact to environment. The residual material that occurs is caused by inaccurate planning and inefficient use of material in the project. This research is intended to identify quantity of residual material in the construction of low-rise buildings. Data was collected from 25 housing and shophouse projects. It then analysed using quantitative analysis to determine the type and quantity of the construction waste material. The result shows that the highest waste material for housing is sand while for shophouse projects is bricks.
Performance Evaluation of Mini Single Board Computer in Hadoop Big Data Cluster
Authors: Adnan  , Tahir Z , Yohannes C , Ariel
Published: July 2020

Hadoop is a Java-based and open source software framework that serves to process big size data in a distributed manner. Hadoop uses a framework for applications and programming called MapReduce. Along with the development of Hadoop, big data research using Hadoop is running using a single board computer (SBC). SBC is a mini computer which has a specification similar to a conventional computer but has lower specifications and power usage. However, the use of storage used on a single board computer has constraints, namely low bandwidth and limited local storage, therefore NAS is used because it has large storage and bandwidth speeds is upto1 Gbps. It uses as storage that is carefully used on Hadoop. Based on testing by running Hadoop in a single node and multi nodes using Micro SD storage and NAS does have a significant difference. When running Hadoop on a single node the difference in data access speed generated by Micro SD and NAS has a difference of 2 seconds. On multi nodes (clusters) the ratio is 4 seconds. The difference in NAS bandwidth that is 2 times faster than Micro SD show a significant difference if it is run on Hadoop.
Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphic Rocks in the Bantimala Mélange Complex and Its Implication to Cretaceous Tectonics in the South Arm of Sulawesi
Authors: Mawaleda M , Umar H , Husain J R , Maulana A , Jaya A , Irvan U R , Permana D D
Published: July 2020

Bantimala Mélange Complex is about 75 Km to the North of Makassar, the capital city of South Sulawesi Province. The presence of High-pressure Metamorphic Rocks, and Ultrahigh Pressure in the Bantimala Mélange Complex, has been known and studied by a number of geologists. Eclogite and Blue Schist are Ultrahigh, and High-pressure metamorphic rocks in the Bantimala Mélange Complex which have important significance in explaining the Cretaceous tectonics in this area. Furthermore, Bantimala Eclogite is the only Ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rock known to be exposed in Sulawesi. The results of thin section analysis of Eclogite show the presence of Omphacite Minerals, and Coesite as an index mineral for Ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks. While in Blue Schist with Glaucophane Minerals are found which are partially replaced by Chlorite which indicates the presence of Poly-metamorphism as a result of retrogradation from Ultrahigh pressure to High pressure and to Medium pressure metamorphic rocks. Radiometric age dating using the Ar40/Ar39 method shows an age spectrum of 100 Ma-114 Ma (Early Cretaceous). The 114 Ma, age is interpreted as the age of Eclogite’s Ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks formation with respect to the peak of subduction tectonics. Whereas the age of 100 Ma before now is interpreted as the age of exhumation or collision as the end of the Cretaceous tectonic subduction in the South Arm of Sulawesi or in the East or Southeast of Sundaland.
The Effect of Tool Geometry of Hole Towards Tool Life in Hard Material Holes
Authors: Aminy A Y , Arief S , Sulaiman
Published: July 2020

This study studied the characteristics of machining hard material milling by using carbide Endmill tool with variation machining and carried out without using cooling water. The method used in this study was experimental by providing machining variables (rotation = 191 rpm, 398 rpm, 764 rpm and 1,082 rpm; feeding speed (Vf) = 0.1; 0.18 and 0.26 mm / min). After machining, a tool wear is measured using a digital microscope with magnification 1,000 times. The results of Endmill tool wear measurements show that maximum wear at Vf = 0.1 mm / min = 0.42 mm; Vf = 0.18 mm / min = 0.428 mm and Vf = 0.26 mm / min = 0.4325 mm / min, the greater the feeding speed, the fewer the number of holes produced. While the effect on roughness is that the speed of feed is more influential on roughness compared to changes in workpiece rotation and the rake angle. The roughness data obtained ranged from 0.495 μm to 2.095 μm, this means that the surface roughness value is still in the standard area (Ni ÷ N9 = 0.025 ÷ 6.3 µm) or it can be said that the selected machining variable can be used as the machining variable perforating hard material
EPIC (Education Priority Compact) Strategy as A Solution for Education of Post-Disaster Refugee Children in Palu City, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Mahful R , Algifari A , Jacobus J , Haqiq A
Published: July 2020

Disaster victims’ children are required to live in temporary shelters provided by Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) and the government. In the first phase, 699 units have been built in 72 locations. The focus of the government in the first three months after the earthquake and tsunami in Central Sulawesi was to rescue the emergency and clean up the area after that the focus then began to shift to improving the economy of the affected area. In handling post-disaster, the government does not prioritize education as its main aspect, so many of the victims of disasters do not go to school until they drop out of school. Focus Group Discussions conducted in several HUNTARA locations in the city of Palu, resulted in education being one of the concerns of the people living in temporary shelters. The community is concerned about the sustainability of their children’s school education, due to the absence of educational facilities in the shelter as well as the community’s economy that has fallen due to lack of work is exacerbated by the government’s lack of attention to the education of children in refugee camps / HUNTARA. These methods are Focus Group Discussion (FGD) that has the main target of refugee communities. On the other hand, researchers also the distribution of questionnaire in several refugee locations in the city of Palu, in order to obtain accurate data for supporting this research. By quantitative SWOT methods and AHP Analysis to determine priorities in determining the EPIC (Education Priority Compact) Strategy which is expected to be one of the solutions for post-disaster education in Central Sulawesi.
Web Page Extraction and Classification Using JSOUP and Naïve Bayes
Authors: Cokrowibowo S , Nur N , Irmayanti
Published: July 2020

Classification of web pages manually requires quite a long time because most of the available web pages are not structured, so the classification method is needed quickly and accurately. Naïve Bayes algorithm with a good probabilistic approach in classifying web pages, seen from the advantages that are included in the classical category with a simple probability concept. However, this algorithm provides pretty good performance for many modern cases with large data. For the process of extracting information from web pages, it is proposed to use JSOUP which is a java library that provides a good API for extracting, manipulating data, and completing the initial data cleaning using the best methods from DOM, and CSS. The use of the JSOUP library makes it possible to be able to do web page analysis without having to save web documents to a computer store, so computer storage resources will be constant even though the amount of training data is increased. In this study, implementing JSOUP as a tool for extracting information from web pages and Naïve Bayes algorithm for classification of web pages.
Investigation on nano microbial cellulose/honey composite for medical application
Authors: Meftahi Amin , Shahriari Hamid Reza , Khajavi Ramin , Rahimi M Karim , Sharifian Ali
Published: July 2020

The overall purpose of this study is to investigate the plausibility of employing honey impregnated nano microbial cellulose (NMC) produced in Hestrin-Schramm media as a novel wound dressing. In the initial stage, three predominant characteristics of thyme, Astragalus, and Ziziphus honey including pH, total soluble solids as well as hydrogen peroxide content were assessed. In the second stage, the zone of inhibition diameters for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. S.areous) were examined respectively. Meanwhile, ATR-FTIR, XRD, and SEM were applied to study the chemical, physical structures, and surface morphology of NMC pellicle. In addition, Air permeability and wettability of samples were studied. The obtained results revealed that in spite of possessing the lowest amount of hydrogen peroxide, thyme honey had the uppermost antibacterial property. Furthermore, wettability and sinking time of treated NMC with thyme honey were 43% and 49% higher than the untreated NMC respectively and purified dry raw cellulose had 11% higher air permeability than dry raw cellulose in 400 Pa. According to the results, the treated NMC with thyme honey has a high potential to be applied in the medical field as a novel wound dressing.
Synchronous improvement in thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of Al–7Si–0.6Fe–0.5Zn cast alloy by B/La/Sr composite modification
Authors: Gan Junqi , Huang Yujian , Du Jun , Wen Cheng , Liu Jing
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the effects of four modification processes (B, Sr, B/Sr and B/La/Sr modification process) on the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of base alloy (Al–7Si–0.6Fe–0.5Zn) were systematically studied. Compared with the base alloy, different modification processes could synchronously improve the thermal conductivity and integrated mechanical properties by different degree. The synchronous improvement of B/0.15La/Sr composite modified alloy was the highest among all modified alloys, and the increasing rate of thermal conductivity, elongation and UTS were 25.6%, 150.2% and 26.8%, respectively. The microstructure variation was the main reason for the synchronous improvement in thermal conductivity and integrated mechanical properties. Especially, the morphology variation of the eutectic Si phases from flak to fiber could significantly improve the thermal conductivity and integrated mechanical properties.
Design and fabrication of an electrothermal MEMS micro-actuator with 3D printing technology
Authors: Ulkir O
Published: July 2020

This study presents the design and fabrication results of an electrothermal micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) actuator. Unlike traditional one-directional U-shaped actuators, this bi-directional electrothermal (BET) micro-actuator can produce displacements in two directions as a single device. The BET micro-actuator was fabricated using two-photon polymerization (2PP) and digital light processing (DLP) methods, which are 3D printing techniques. These methods have been compared to see the success of BET micro-actuator fabrication. The compound of these methods and the essential coefficients through the 3D printing operation were applied. Evaluation experiments have demonstrated that in both methods, the 3D printer can print materials smaller than 95.7 μm size features. Though the same design was used for the 2PP and DLP methods, the supporting structures were not produced with the 2PP. The BET micro-actuator was manufactured by removing the supports from the original design in the 2PP. The number of supports, the diameter, and height on the arms of the micro-actuator is 18, 4 μm, and 6 μm, respectively. Although 4 μm diameter supports could be produced with the DLP, it was not possible to produce them with 3D printing device based on 2PP. Besides, the DLP was found to be better than the 2PP for the manufacturing of asymmetrical support structures. The fabrication process has been carried out successfully by two methods. When the fabrication success is compared, the surface quality and fabrication speed of the micro-actuator fabricated with DLP is better than the 2PP. Presented results show the efficiency of the 3D printing technology and the simplicity of fabrication of the micro-actuator via 2PP and DLP. An experimental study was carried out to characterize the relationship between displacement and input voltage for the micro-actuator. Experimental results show that the displacement range of the micro-actuator is 8 μm with DLP, while 6 μm with 2PP.
4. Railroads and mass distribution, 1850 –1880
Authors: Friedman Walter A.
Published: July 2020

“Railroads and mass distribution, 1850–1880” focuses on unprecedented economic and technological innovations in the decades after the Civil War. Coal, telegraph communication, and the railroad network revolutionized distribution and manufacture while creating a new management class. Corporations developed from small beginnings into mail-order companies supported by a new postal network, followed by department stores. Unions such as the American Federation of Labor were developed to regulate the workforce. Railroads and telegraph communication led to increased farming, facilitated the movements of traveling salespeople, and enabled the founding and management of the large industrial concerns that dominated the American economy over the next half-century and beyond.
7. Crisis and war, 1930–1945
Authors: Friedman Walter A.
Published: July 2020

Herbert Hoover, the first self-described “businessman” to assume the presidency, inherited a troubled economy. “Crisis and war, 1930–1945” outlines his successor Roosevelt’s “New Deal” and his successful attempts to stabilize the economy and re-establish capitalism. After a sluggish period for metals and manufacturing after World War I, America received overwhelming demand for military equipment from Allied forces during World War II. This led to the creation of a new munitions infrastructure, with more women entering the workforce and, in the words of physicist Niels Bohr, the whole of America becoming a “factory,” particularly for the three sites dedicated to building the atomic bomb.
Canada: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Wright Donald
Published: July 2020

Canada: A Very Short Introduction provides an overview of Canada’s history, and its many political and cultural achievements. Canada has never had a single national identity and is linguistically, ethnically, and religiously diverse. From the first European settlers onward, development and industrial growth were often at the expense of indigenous groups. The late 20th century saw a cultural explosion and the emergence of distinct nationalisms within Canada, particularly Quebec. Canada’s proximity to America has necessitated a diplomatic approach but Canada has used its peacekeeping strengths to further its position as a world power. Canada’s lack of a single identity is arguably a strength, not a weakness.
3. Nationalisms
Authors: Wright Donald
Published: July 2020

In theory, Canada is one nation. ‘Nationalisms’ shows that the reality is more complex. English Canada, Quebec, and First Nations groups have distinct identities, as does Newfoundland. The First World War divided English Canada and Quebec over conscription, and the Second World War also tested Canada’s national fault lines. The Quiet Revolutions made the 1960s and 1970s a period of excitement, cultural experimentation, and even violence, which was quashed by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. Legally, Quebec is a province but after referendums in the 1980s and 1990s, its struggle for independence was successful in everything but name.
5. Borders
Authors: Wright Donald
Published: July 2020

The border between America and Canada is both physical and psychological. ‘Borders’ looks at the challenges of being a middle power next to an imperial power, described by Pierre Trudeau as a ‘sleeping elephant’. After a short war in 1812, the relationship has been one of cooperation. Crises like the Cold War and 9/11 required a diplomatic approach from Canada. Only rarely—as in the Suez Crisis of 1956—did Canada play a role on the global diplomatic stage. While peacekeeping is important to Canada’s establishment as a world power, some involvement with the USA in war and considerable involvement in trade is seen as vital.
4. Risk factors
Authors: Taylor Kathleen
Published: July 2020

Would everyone get dementia if we lived long enough? ‘Risk factors’ focuses on the genetic, environmental, and physiological factors that makes dementia more or less likely to affect us. The media often distorts scientific findings with false correlations. We must be aware of these ourselves, particularly in relation to cause and effect; a factor that we may see as a cause of dementia might be a symptom. Risk factors include age, overall poor physical and mental health, blood sugar, blood and brain function, inflammation, and not using the brain. Many of these can be modified, even the effects of ageing, but there is no single cause or one-size-fits-all solution.
In the beginning … Myth and meaning in world music
Authors: Bohlman Philip V.
Published: July 2020

‘In the beginning … Myth and meaning in world music’ looks at world music’s real and imagined beginnings. These origins are documented in European missionaries’ observations of indigenous peoples and represented by the first musicians in religious and philosophical writings. Ideas about music in different cultures may be irreconcilable, and some have no word for music at all. Ethnomusicologists like Charles Seeger explored the problem of using words to describe music, although words may not properly convey it. Today’s world music stars bring the past into the present through performance, reliving the moment of encounter and discovery in collaborations spanning the globe.
Philosophy in wartime
Authors: Gaukroger Stephen , Peden Knox
Published: July 2020

In the early twentieth century, German philosophers like Husserl founded theories of phenomenology. ‘Philosophy in wartime: phenomenology and existentialism’ looks at initial adopters in France, some of whom were then quickly gripped by existentialism and structuralism through translations of Heidegger. The leading lights of mid-twentieth-century philosophy—Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty—explored our place in the world. To what extent are humans the product of traditions and socio-cultural practices? In the 1960s, philosophy moved towards approaches to political, social, and scientific problems that challenged the popular humanism of Sartre’s doctrines.
Introduction
Authors: Nelson Brian
Published: July 2020

The Introduction looks at the life and career of Émile Zola as a whole. In total he wrote thirty-one novels and five collections of short stories and produced a large body of art, drama, and literary criticism, several plays and libretti, and a prodigious number of articles on political and social issues spanning from 1865 until 1881. Zola is above all a narrative artist: a craftsman, a storyteller, and a fabulist. It is the lyrical and mythopoeic qualities of his work, and the sheer energy and inventiveness of his writing, that make him one of the great figures of the European novel.
5. The man-eater
Authors: Nelson Brian
Published: July 2020

‘The man-eater’ turns to Nana, the ninth volume in the Rougon-Macquart cycle. Nana is the story of Gervaise Macquart’s daughter Anna/Nana, a street prostitute turned actress and courtesan. Her spectacular life, (she becomes the most celebrated courtesan in Paris, an almost mythical figure) is a metaphor for the hedonistic Second Empire; she humiliates and destroys all the men she encounters, and eventually dies of smallpox on the day of the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War. Zola plays to remarkable effect on male fear (including his own) of the ‘natural’ woman, and in particular on fear that prostitutes might transgress established social boundaries and infiltrate the bourgeoisie and upper class.
7. Down the mine
Authors: Nelson Brian
Published: July 2020

‘Down the mine’ considers the role of the mining community on Zola. The bloody events of the Paris Commune of 1871, when a revolutionary uprising of citizens declared the city independent from the government, convinced Zola that he should write a novel that addressed revolutionary activity in a contemporary setting. Germinal describes a strike in a mining community in northern France, led by Gervaise Macquart’s son Étienne Lantier. The novel was influenced by the socialist ideas that were becoming widespread, with characters representing militant, moderate, and anarchist ideals. Germinal depicts a moment in history when the workers begin to find a political voice. But the strike fails, and the ending is ambiguous, with Étienne leaving for Paris to continue his struggle there.
4. The reassertion of the state
Authors: Connolly Richard
Published: July 2020

‘The reassertion of the state’ looks at Putin’s contribution to macroeconomic stability by reforming Russia’s federal structure and removing power from regional elites, making examples of disobedient oligarchs and businessmen. While Putin’s political management of Russia was authoritarian, his approach to the economy was a balancing act, neither state- nor market-controlled, but a hybrid allowing for the sharing of resources between politically important groups. Dependence on oil and gas continued, with small to medium enterprises constrained to a greater extent than larger sectors. Relaxed budget constraints and state dominance remained a barrier to efficiency. If an enterprise would never go bust, why should it improve?
Deep Earth explorers
Authors: Jenkins Jennifer , Bartlet Jess , Cottaar Sanne
Published: July 2020

The Cambridge Deep Earth Seismology group has an exhibition at the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge, aimed at increasing understanding of our planet and changing perceptions of geophysics – and geophysicists. Group members Jennifer Jenkins, Jess Bartlet and Sanne Cottaar tell us more.
200 years of the RAS: Fellows at war
Authors: Phillipps Steven
Published: July 2020

Steven Phillipps looks at the fate of some RAS Fellows in the Great War.
An open-source universe
Authors: Singh Ritesh , Duhaime Douglas
Published: July 2020

Ritesh Singh and Douglas Duhaime have made an open-source web simulation to study 3D distribution of galaxies in the universe out to < 200 Mpc – and they want you to use it.
Towards multi-omics characterization of tumor heterogeneity: a comprehensive review of statistical and machine learning approaches
Authors: Lee Dohoon , Park Youngjune , Kim Sun
Published: July 2020

The multi-omics molecular characterization of cancer opened a new horizon for our understanding of cancer biology and therapeutic strategies. However, a tumor biopsy comprises diverse types of cells limited not only to cancerous cells but also to tumor microenvironmental cells and adjacent normal cells. This heterogeneity is a major confounding factor that hampers a robust and reproducible bioinformatic analysis for biomarker identification using multi-omics profiles. Besides, the heterogeneity itself has been recognized over the years for its significant prognostic values in some cancer types, thus offering another promising avenue for therapeutic intervention. A number of computational approaches to unravel such heterogeneity from high-throughput molecular profiles of a tumor sample have been proposed, but most of them rely on the data from an individual omics layer. Since the heterogeneity of cells is widely distributed across multi-omics layers, methods based on an individual layer can only partially characterize the heterogeneous admixture of cells. To help facilitate further development of the methodologies that synchronously account for several multi-omics profiles, we wrote a comprehensive review of diverse approaches to characterize tumor heterogeneity based on three different omics layers: genome, epigenome and transcriptome. As a result, this review can be useful for the analysis of multi-omics profiles produced by many large-scale consortia. Contact:sunkim.bioinfo@snu.ac.kr
Dream: powerful differential expression analysis for repeated measures designs
Authors: Hoffman Gabriel E , Roussos Panos
Published: July 2020

Large-scale transcriptome studies with multiple samples per individual are widely used to study disease biology. Yet, current methods for differential expression are inadequate for cross-individual testing for these repeated measures designs. Most problematic, we observe across multiple datasets that current methods can give reproducible false-positive findings that are driven by genetic regulation of gene expression, yet are unrelated to the trait of interest. Here, we introduce a statistical software package, dream, that increases power, controls the false positive rate, enables multiple types of hypothesis tests, and integrates with standard workflows. In 12 analyses in 6 independent datasets, dream yields biological insight not found with existing software while addressing the issue of reproducible false-positive findings.

Availability and implementation

Dream is available within the variancePartition Bioconductor package at http://bioconductor.org/packages/variancePartition.

Contact

gabriel.hoffman@mssm.edu

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.