bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-adapting foot orthosis inlay facilitates handling and reduces plantar pressure compared to vacuum-based technology.
Authors: Milstrey Alexander , Horst Carolin , Gartung Stella , Stange Richard , Ochman Sabine
Published: November 2024

Background Orthoses are commonly used in the treatment of various foot and ankle injuries and deformities. An effective technology in foot orthoses is a vacuum system to improve the fit and function of the orthosis. Recently, a new technology was designed to facilitate the wearing of the foot orthoses while maintaining function without the need for vacuum suction.
Methods A plantar dynamic pressure distribution measurement was carried out in 25 healthy subjects (13w/12m, age 23 - 58 y) using capacitive measuring insoles (Pedar-X®, Novel GmbH, Munich) in two differently designed inlays within the VACOpedes® orthosis (Group A: vacuum inlay vs. Group B: XELGO® inlay) and a regular off-the-shelf shoe (Group C, OTS). The peak plantar pressure, mean plantar pressure and maximum force were analyzed in the entire foot and in individual regions of the medial and lateral forefoot, the midfoot and the hindfoot. Finally, the wearing comfort was compared using a visual analog scale from 1 to 10 (highest comfort). In this observational study, paired t-tests were used to adhere to the hierarchical test strategy.
Results The peak pressure of both inlays was significantly lower than in the OTS shoe (A: 230.6 ± 44.6 kPa, B: 218.0 ± 49.7 kPa, C: 278.6 ± 50.5 kPa; p<0.001). In a sub-analysis of the different regions, the XELGO® inlay significantly reduced plantar pressure in the medial forefoot compared to the vacuum orthosis (A: 181.7 ± 45.7 kPa, B: 158.6 ± 51.7 kPa, p<0.002).
The wearing comfort was significantly higher with the XELGO® inlay compared to the vacuum inlay (A: 5.68/10, B: 7.24/10; p<0.001).
Conclusion The VACOpedes® with new XELGO® inlay showed at least equivalent relief in all pressure distribution measurements analyzed, and greater relief in the forefoot area than the VACOpedes® with vacuum inlay, as well as increased wearing comfort.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
IV – Case series.
CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER
Not applicable.
Lower mantle minerals in Oman ophiolitic chromitite trace its deep origin
Authors: Kusky Timothy , Chen Tao , Zhang Junfeng , zhang yanfei , ZHOU Lian , Jin Zhenmin
Published: November 2024

Ophiolites, fragments of oceanic lithosphere thrust onto continents, provide key insights into crust and mantle processes. For many years, geologists believed oceanic crust forms through partial melting of the decompressing upper mantle, partly based on studies of Oman and Cyprus ophiolites. However, we report here a lower-mantle mineral assemblage preserved in the Oman ophiolite, challenging this long-standing view. The assemblage includes calcium ferrite- structured magnesiochromite (CF-chromite), magnesiowüstite, amorphous SiO2 (formerly stishovite), amorphous MgSiO3 (formerly bridgmanite), and high-pressure clinoenstatite, indicating formation at pressures exceeding 26 GPa, or depths around 720 km. This discovery reveals interaction between lower and upper mantle systems during oceanic crust formation, reshaping our understanding of this process.
Lactobacillus yogurts display antidepressant-like effects in CUMS mice via inhibition of NF-κB pathway, activating CREB-BDNF pathway and regulating gut-brain axis
Authors: Sun Yang , Li Xiujuan , Li Xiulian , Liu Lun , Wei Song
Published: November 2024

In this work, we compared the effects of probiotics (Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus bulgaricus) fermented yogurt on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced anxious and depressive-like symptoms in mice as well as discussed potential mechanism. The behavioral test results showed that L. reuteri and L. bulgaricus fermented yogurt significantly improved anxious- and depressive-like symptoms. We also found that Lactobacillus fermented yogurt presented an overall neuroprotective effect on hippocampus as well as maintained the cerebral activity. L. reuteri and L. bulgaricus fermented yogurts also were observed to ameliorate the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and inflammatory cytokines via inhibiting the activation of NF-κB pathway accompanying with elevating the CREB-BDNF pathway. The Our findings suggested that L. reuteri and L. bulgaricus fermented yogurts may be involved in modulating gut microbiota and metabolite composition, and thereby performing neuroprotective effects and ameliorating depressive behaviors in mice by at least partially microbiota-gut-brain axis.
A Defect Detection Algorithm for Steel Wire Ropes Based on Dual-residual Fast Convolution and Channel Feature Selection Mechanism
Authors: Liu Qunpo , Wang Hui , BU Xuhui , Hanajima Naohiko , Ding Weiping
Published: November 2024

To address the challenges of feature extraction redundancy and insufficient feature layer fusion present in the original RTDETR algorithm?both of which contribute to an increase in parameters and a loss of target semantic information ultimately leading to blueuced accuracy?this paper proposes a novel RTDETR object detection algorithm. This enhanced version employs a multi-scale fusion network that utilizes dual-residual fast convolution and channel feature selection to improve performance. Firstly, we integrate the proposed dual-residual fast convolution module into the backbone network of the RTDETR to extract effectively spatial features through partial convolution operations on the extracted features, thereby reducing computational redundancy and memory access. In addition, we designed a multi-scale feature fusion network based on channel feature selection. This network employs a channel feature selection module to extract key information and utilizes the semantic information from high-level feature maps as weights to guide the selection and fusion of low-level features, thereby enhancing the capability for feature information integration among multi-scale features. The final step is the introduction of the Wiou loss function, which addresses the issue of data class imbalance for defect types through weight adjustment, thereby improving the detection through the network. The experimental results show that, on the steel wire rope dataset, the improved MRD model achieves an mAP\_0.5 of 89.6\%, which represents a 1.4\% increase in mAP\_0.5 detection acquisition. Additionally, the overall number of parameters is slashed by 27.2\%, and the detection speed reaches 70.6 FPS. The improved MRD model exhibits greater robustness and superior performance in recognition of the steel wire rope, meeting the requirements for real-time industrial inspection.
Hyperinflammatory status associated with COVID-19: clinical and histopathology features of a pediatric series
Authors: Leite Douglas Squizatto , Cortes Lucas Silva , Domingues Maria Aparecida Maria Aparecida Custódio , Magalhaes Claudia Saad , Fernandes Taciana de Albuquerque Pedrosa
Published: November 2024

Objective: Explore clinical, demographic and histopathologic features of pediatric hyperinflammatory manifestations associated to SARS-CoV-2, observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the relationship of Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome of Childhood (MIS-C) with other inflammatory and autoimmune manifestations, such as macrophage activation syndrome, vasculitis and vasculopathy.
Methods: A protocol with detailed socio-demographic and clinical features, SARS-CoV-2 exposure and morbidity was conducted in a public tertiary hospital as part of a multicentric international protocol. Cases were selected and enrolled in a single centre from 2020 to 2022, recording all the organ and systems manifestations, standard treatment and outcome.
Results: Of the 23 suspicious cases, 21 met the inclusion criteria of MIS-C. Gastrointestinal manifestations were frequent, and three out of 21 had acute abdomen, one with documented histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenopathy (HNL), 3 had macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), and one case, with previous enthesitis related arthritis evolved into type V Takayasu arteritis and malignant hypertension. All patients were treated with either intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), high dose glucocorticoids or both, five were under intensive care treatment with respiratory and cardio-circulatory support. All had full recovery during acute phase. Description the HNL histopathology showed proliferation of small lymphocytes and macrophage infiltrates with microthrombi and lymph nodes germinal centers necrosis.
Conclusion: Post-infectious hyperinflammatory states associated with COVID manifestations may cause not only to transient inflammatory features, but also autoimmunity, vasculitis and vasculopathy manifestations that require prompt treatment.
Enhanced Single Image Super-Resolution using Modified Very DeepSuper Resolution Network - Gaussian Mixture Models
Authors: Gunen Mehmet Akif
Published: November 2024

Single Image Super-Resolution (SISR) aims to enhance the quality of low-resolution images by reconstructing their high-resolution counterparts. This paper proposes a hybrid method, termed mVDSR-GMM, which leverages the strengths of both Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) and a modified Very Deep Super-Resolution (mVDSR) network. The mVDSR-GMM method utilizes GMM to model the statistical properties of high-resolution images, enabling accurate reconstruction of high-frequency details. The enhanced mVDSR network, with increased depth and Leaky ReLU activation functions, further boosts the model's learning capability and robustness. Through extensive evaluations using satellite imagery datasets and metrics such as PSNR, SSIM, BRISQUE, and MSE, mVDSR-GMM consistently outperformed existing techniques, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving spatial resolution. Notably, the hybrid method showed superior classification performance in land use/cover analysis compared to the traditional Bicubic method. The proposed mVDSR-GMM emerges as a promising tool for advancing satellite imagery resolution, with potential applications in remote sensing and geospatial analysis.
Automatic detection of thermal fusion joints defects of high-density polyethylene gas pipes using ultrasonic total focusing method and deep learning
Authors: Chen Tianliang , Wang Qiang , Xiao Quanjing , Wang Hong , Liu Yanlei
Published: November 2024

Inspection of thermal fusion joints is essential for in-service high-density polyethylene (HDPE) gas pipe operating safety. A directivity-compensated circular coherence factor weighted total focusing method (D-CCF-TFM) algorithm is presented to solve the problem of low imaging quality of phased array ultrasonic testing during inspecting thermal fusion joints of HDPE pipes. The D-CCF-TFM leverages the circular coherence factor (CCF) to reduce noise interference during calculating the phase of defect and employs a directivity function to compensate sound field intensities in different directions, leading to obvious average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement compared to TFM, as confirmed through experiments on thermal fusion joint and test block. To automate defect detection in D-CCF-TFM images, an improved YOLOX algorithm is proposed, incorporating a convolutional block attention module (CBAM) and adopting the complete intersection over union (CIoU) as the regression loss. Evaluation of this improved YOLOX algorithm on a dataset of 2504 images yielded a mean average precision (mAP) of 99.15%, demonstrating its effect in detecting small defects. Thus, it provides theoretical and technical support for quality detection of thermal fusion joint welding.
Community Wellbeing Mediates Drought Adaptation in South African Rangelands
Authors: Clark Matt , Gallizioli Iacopo Tito , Crowe Olivia , Pienkowski Thomas , de Wet Ruan , Haw Anna Jean , Mills Morena
Published: November 2024

Climate change is triggering a diverse set of adaptive responses from communities across environmental and socioeconomic contexts. In African rangelands, selling livestock is critical for responding to changes in local environmental conditions. As these decisions further affect environmental and community wellbeing, identifying where, when, and how livestock sales are expected to respond to particular climatic shifts is important for delineating the total impact of climate change and responding accordingly. Scattered evidence suggests that socioeconomic wellbeing mediates how communities use cattle sales in response to precipitation. However, this has not been quantified as a generalizable trend across local to regional scales or within and between years. This study examines the relationship between socioeconomic wellbeing (measured through a standard deprivation index), precipitation, and monthly cattle slaughtering across South Africa from 2015 to 2022. We find that in better-off provinces (-1 standard deviation of deprivation), expected cattle slaughtering declined from 73,296 (90% CI: 38,430–130,709) under the highest observed precipitation, to 57,897 (90% CI: 30,431–103,378) in response to the lowest observed precipitation. In contrast, in worse-off provinces (+ 1 standard deviation), expected cattle slaughtering increased from 10,306 (90% CI: 5,916–19,753) under high precipitation, to 19,966 (90% CI: 11,437–38,245) in response to low precipitation. We further investigate this dynamic using a novel disaggregation regression statistical procedure, showing similar standardized effects sizes at a 16-km spatial resolution for the year 2020 and producing high-resolution estimates of where slaughtering was most likely given socioeconomic and environmental conditions. Our findings show that poorer communities are more prone to selling cattle in response to precipitation shortages, a practice that can erode long-term resilience and deepen inequalities. This general trend suggests that interventions encouraging strategic destocking during favorable conditions and maintaining herd health during droughts can build resilience in disadvantaged pastoral areas. Identifying such archetypal patterns can guide more deliberate implementation of interventions to support climate adaptation across many social-ecological settings.
What’s My Type? Characteristics of Quality Mentoring Relationships for Nonprofit Latina CEOs as Mentees in California
Authors: Hernandez Dr. Belinda
Published: November 2024

Mentoring research that explores the experiences of executive leaders as mentees is limited, and almost non-existent, for women of color nonprofit chief executive officers (CEOs). Not only is existing literature limited, it does not intentionally explore how intersectionality influences the development of quality mentoring relationships for women of color executive leaders. The term Latina Leadership Development (LDD) has been established as a dedicated concept related to the leadership development of Latinas in this study. The purpose of the study was to explore how Latina nonprofit executive leaders in California leveraged existing social capital and mentoring relationships as mentees that influenced their self-efficacy and leadership development. Research was conducted between 2017 and 2020 with 10 Latina nonprofit CEOs in California utilizing qualitative research methodology. A hermeneutic phenomenological research design was applied utilizing hermeneutic looping techniques during a nine-step data analysis process to ensure participants’ perceptions of their lived experiences remained at the core of this study. This paper presents two themes produced by the study: (a) An evolution of mentorship relationship type and function exists with a preference for informal mentoring relationships that provide psychosocial supportive functioning, and (b) A constellation of mentors from diverse racial, ethnic, and gender backgrounds are preferred and integral to LLD. This study empirically extends existing scholarship by showing how intersectionality and specific characteristics of mentoring relationships may be most beneficial for Latina and women of color nonprofit CEOs.
Keywords: mentoring relationship, nonprofit organization, Latina chief executive leader, social capital, community cultural wealth typology, intersectionality, hermeneutic phenomenology
Case Report: Investigating an outbreak of tremorgenic mycotoxicosis in beef cows on pasture in Mississippi due to ergot (Claviceps paspali) infection in Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum)
Authors: Jumper W. Isaac , Brown Clare C. , Lee Stephen T. , Cook Daniel , Stilwell Justin M. , Harvey Kelsey M.
Published: November 2024

The Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medi­cine Ambulatory Service examined a 3-year-old Charolais-cross cow on October 19, 2023, for lateral recumbency, inabil­ity to rise and generalized tremors. Within 4 hours following initial case discovery, 20 additional cases were discovered in 2 adjacent pastures, including one mortality. Clinical signs ranged in severity from mild tremors to severe ataxia, hy­perexcitability, aggression, lateral recumbency and death. All affected cows had calved in the spring of 2023, and all 2023 spring calves were weaned 3 days prior on October 16. Overnight on October 16-17, one group of cows pushed down a fence, and 32 cows entered a pasture adjacent to their weaned calves. Following discovery of cases on October 19, all cattle were removed from the affected pasture and grass hay was provided immediately. Necropsy of 2 affected animals as well as serum chemistries of 5 affected cows revealed non-specific findings. However, abundant dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum) with obvious Claviceps paspali infection was present on the pasture that the cattle entered overnight on October 16-17. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrom­etry (HPLC-MS) analysis of samples collected from C. paspali infected pasture as well as rumen and abomasum contents collected at necropsy revealed several tremorgenic indole di­terpene alkaloids. Additionally, DNA metabarcoding of rumen contents and forage samples confirmed the ingestion of dallis­grass infected with C. paspali. Upon recheck on October 20, all previously affected cows appeared to be recovering, and com­plete resolution of clinical signs had occurred by October 23.
Utilização de Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) na (r)evolução das agências de viagens
Authors: Mendes Francisco Coelho , Silva Márcia Félix da , Pederneiras Marcleide M. Macêdo , Gadelha Denise Pinto
Published: November 2024

As Tecnologias Digitais da Informa��o e Comunica��o (TDIC) v�m revolucionando a atividade tur�stica, ajudando a definir estrat�gias inovadoras, contribuindo para a melhoria da competitividade das organiza��es que operam com o turismo, mais especificamente as ag�ncias de viagens. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar como astecnologiasda informa��o e comunica��o tem influenciado no funcionamento dasag�ncias deviagens com lojas f�sicas, analisando a import�ncia do uso dessas ferramentas no desenvolvimento dessas empresas, apresentando a evolu��o de processos tecnol�gicos que influenciaram nas suas transforma��es digitais. Tratou-se de pesquisa bibliogr�fica, realizada a partir da coleta de informa��es em materiais publicados por diversos autores. Os resultados alcan�ados mostraram que a Internet criou possibilidades para que a ind�stria do turismo, sobretudo as ag�ncias de viagens, possam atender �s demandas de clientes e consumidores com efici�ncia, efic�cia e efetividade. Indubitavelmente, as tecnologias digitais da informa��o e comunica��o se configuram como excelentes meios para otimizar as opera��es das ag�ncias de viagens, constituindo-secomo importante canal de comunica��o e diferencia��o, com ferramentas imprescind�veis para que essas organiza��es alcancem seus objetivos.
EVALUATION OF THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ZnSO4-B2O3-P2O5-Ho2O3 GLASSCERAMICS
Authors: S. Alqarni Areej , Bulus Ibrahim
Published: November 2024

In this study, a novel glass-ceramic (GC) obtained from ZnSO4-B2O3-P2O5-Ho2O3 composition, coded as H0.0, H0.5 and H0.8, was synthesized via molten-solidified approach. The effect of varying content of Ho2O3 from 0.5 to 0.8 mol% on thermal and mechanical properties of the prepared GC were experimentally and theoretically scrutinized. The attained results showed that inclusion of Ho2O3 content amplified crystallite size from 42.3 to 50.5 mm. Besides, the values of elastic moduli (Youngs’s, bulk, shear and longitudinal) computed via Makishima-Mackenzie’s (MM) model were slightly augmented. Finally, the decent value of thermal stability (> 150 °C) and high fracture toughness of > 20000 MPa mm1/2 achieved for the newly fabricated GC may be applicable in protective covers of portable electronics.
Simulation-based process optimization of full-scale advanced wastewater treatment systems using powdered activated carbon
Authors: Atallah Al-asad Hana , Alex Jens , Parniske Janna , Morck Tobias
Published: November 2024

This study extends a previously developed competitive modeling approach for predicting the adsorption of organic micropollutants (OMPs) on powdered activated carbon (PAC) in full-scale advanced wastewater treatment. The approach incorporates adsorption analysis for organic matter fractionation, assumes pseudo-first order kinetics and differentiates between fresh and partially loaded PAC through fraction segregation. Validation through full-scale measurement campaigns reveals successful model predictions of OMP removal, underestimating, however, diclofenac removals by 15–20%. Based on model testing, the impact of excess PAC return to the biological stage enhanced OMP removal, reaching up to 15% improvement for benzotriazole, carbamazepine and metoprolol, but no evident improvement of diclofenac removal. Intermittent PAC dosing revealed rapid process response, where organic matter concentration increased within 2 h after PAC cut-off. The simulation-based study demonstrated that during rain events, the overall OMP removal efficiency in the entire wastewater treatment plant was reduced by approximately 50% due to a shift of OMP concentration and a shortened hydraulic retention time in the biological and adsorption stages. Testing of various PAC dosing strategies revealed potential PAC savings of 10–15% compared to inflow-proportional dosing by using predefined OMP removal grades or maximum allowable effluent OMP concentrations as criteria for PAC dosing.
Anti-inflammatory and Anti-proliferative Role of Essential Oil of Leaves of Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr. & Perry
Authors: Pandey Vivek , Khanal Sumnath , Shahi Nerina , Parajuli Rupak , Adhikari Achyut , Pokharel Yuba Raj
Published: November 2024

Background:

Phytochemicals have long remained an essential component of the traditional medicine
system worldwide. Advancement of research in phytochemicals has led to the identification of novel constituents
and metabolites from phytochemicals, performing various vital functions ranging from antimicrobial properties to
anticarcinogenic roles. This plant is traditionally used by local people to manage inflammation. In this study, we
aim to extract and chemically profile the essential oil from the leaves of Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr.
& Perry and study of the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative role of essential oil.

Methods:

The hydro distillation method was used for the extraction of essential oil, and the GC-MS was applied
for the chemical profiling. The percentage of cell viability was calculated using a crystal violet assay, colony
formation assay was performed using Semiquantitative PCR, Propodium iodite staining was used for cell death
assay, and Western blotting was used to determine antibodies and proteins. Schrodinger 2015 software was used
for molecular docking.

Results:

Myrcene, a monoterpene, constitutes 56% of the oil and could be attributed to its anti-inflammatory
potential. Treatment of LPS-challenged mouse macrophages RAW264.7 cells with essential oil resulted in a
decline in the inflammatory markers, such as IL-1β, TNFα, iNOS, COX-2, and NFκB. Further, essential oil inhibited
cancer PC-3, A431, A549, and MCF-7 cell lines at concentrations lower than normal PNT2 and HEK-293
cell lines. This decline in proliferative potential can be attributed to a decline in anti-apoptotic proteins, such as
procaspase 3 and PARP, an increase in CKIs, such as p21, and a decline in the Akt signaling responsible for
survival.

Conclusion:

The essential oil of the plant Cleistocalyx operculatus may be a potential lead for anti-inflammatory
and anti-proliferative function.
Biomedical Applications of Clathrochelates
Authors: Sahu Rojalin , Sahu Puspanjali
Published: November 2024

Many different applications for coordination compounds can be found in
human life, as they possess numerous interesting properties. Metal complexes consist
of a central metal atom or ion known as a coordination center and binding molecules or
ions in the surrounding environment called ligands. Metal ions have special qualities
that can be used in medicinal inorganic chemistry to create novel medications. Drugs
containing metals are useful in many medical applications, such as diagnosis and
treatment. Here, we have covered the uses of metal complexes, particularly those
involving enclosed metal ions, or cage metal complexes, in the biochemical and
medical industries.
Metal Complexes used in Analytical Chemistry: A Special Focus on the Detection and Determination of Metal Ions
Authors: Sahu Rojalin , Sahu Puspanjali
Published: November 2024

Analytical chemistry is used to detect the analytes by using various analysis
methods. Quantitative and qualitative analysis can be done using this approach.
Coordination compounds play a key role in our environment. They are used in almost
every branch of the biomedical field. An overview of the applications of metal
complexes in analytical chemistry is provided. This topic covers different types of
complexes and the ways they are used for analysis purposes. Some miscellaneous
applications in analytical chemistry are also covered in this chapter. Moreover,
different types of precipitants, volumetric reagents, indicators, and solvent extraction
reagents are also included in this chapter.
Metal Complexes: Environmental and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Sahu Rojalin , Sahu Puspanjali
Published: November 2024

Metal Complexes: Environmental and Biomedical Applications offers a comprehensive exploration of the role of metal complexes in diverse fields, including biomedicine, energy, and environmental protection. This book provides insights into the synthesis, properties, and applications of metal complexes, covering topics such as their use in therapeutics, diagnostics, energy materials, and catalysis. It also examines their antibacterial, antifungal, and sensor applications. With a systematic approach, the book is ideal for students, researchers, and professionals interested in the growing relevance of metal complexes in scientific and industrial applications.

Key Features:
- Overview of metal complexes and oxidation states.
- Synthesis of metal complexes from N-heterocyclic carbene and Schiff base ligands.
- Biomedical applications, including therapeutics and diagnostics.
- Use of metal complexes in energy storage and catalysis.
- Applications in antibacterial and antifungal treatments.
- Metal complexes as sensors and in analytical chemistry.
Towards the Assessment of Federations of Clouds
Authors: Chhabra Bharat , Gupta Shilpa
Published: November 2024

The true driving force for the creation of a federation of clouds is a few
fundamental characteristics, including the variety of infrastructures, interfaces, and
different aims. The federation must ensure the application of certain standards and
interfaces that allow secure and effective communication across heterogeneous entities
in order to ensure seamless and helpful interaction between diverse components or
entities of the various cloud providers. The federation has many commercial, legal, and
technical aspects to focus on. Major features like resource provisioning, security,
monitoring, etc. are suggested differently in various types of federations. This chapter
analyzes a number of federation architectures on various important parameters with a
view to highlighting their effect on participating cloud providers. Aspects related to
Service Level Agreement management, QoS, Security, and Scheduling are also
discussed in the same comparison framework.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques based PID Controller for Speed Control of DC Motor
Authors: Rao Alla Rama Koteswara , Venkata Sai Neeli Manoj , Rajani Kandipati
Published: November 2024

DC motor demand is rising in the industrial sector due to its efficiency and
in contrast to AC motors, a DC motor's momentum can be easily adjusted. For
industrial uses, making a highly regulated motor is essential. DC motors need to have
excellent speed tracing and load regulation in order to operate satisfactorily. The speed
of a DC motor was controlled in this work using proportional integral derivative (PID)
controllers. This study used MATLAB to determine how a Proportional-IntegralDerivative (PID) controller affected the performance of a DC motor of the industrial
type by selection of PID controller parameters using Zeigler’s Nichols (ZN), Genetic
Algorithm (GA), and Fuzzy Inference System. Nonlinearities and model uncertainties
must be included in the control design in order to provide effective and efficient
control. The higher-order systems could use the suggested strategies. The PID
controller's primary function is to regulate motor speed based on incoming system data
and auto-tuning. The findings of the simulation also demonstrate improved motor
performance, which decreases rise time, steady state error, and overshoot, and increases
system stability.
Recognition of Diabetic Retina Patterns using Machine Learning
Authors: Chhabra Parul , Bhatia Pradeep Kumar
Published: November 2024

Medical images contain data related to the diseases and it should be
interpreted accurately. However, its visual interpretation is quite complex/timeconsuming and only medical experts can examine this data precisely. In case of
diabetes, the retina may be damaged and it is quite complex to examine its impact on
the retina because there are a lot of vessels inside the human eyes that may be changed
due to this disease and manual interpretation of these changes consumes excessive
time. In order to overcome this issue, in this paper, a contour-based pattern recognition
method (CBPR) is introduced that can recognize multiple patterns in sample retina
images. Comparative analysis with the segmentation-based method (SBPR) shows that
it outperforms in terms of performance parameters (i.e. Accuracy/Sensitivity/
Specificity etc.).
Digital Forensics in Mobile Phones: An Overview of Data Acquisition Techniques and its Challenges
Authors: Kishore Neha , Raina Priya
Published: November 2024

Over the past decade, advances in hardware, software, and networking have
led to the evolution of modern-day smart devices, which are no longer simply mobile
phones, but have significant computing power. Such a phenomenal increase in the
performance and capabilities of smartphones, tablets, and personal digital assistants,
along with the convenience of using them, has practically led them to replace
computers and notebooks. However, their small size makes them susceptible to theft.
Also, the data they contain coupled with continuous network connectivity makes them
susceptible to malicious activities and attacks. Investigation of such incidents as well as
the increasing technical difficulties in extracting evidence from mobile devices has
resulted in the emergence of mobile forensics within the digital forensics discipline.
Mobile forensics is specialized in retrieving and processing evidence from mobile
devices such that it is admissible in a court of law. While the scope of mobile forensics
includes advanced evidence analysis and threat intelligence to thwart attacks or
malicious activities, data acquisition still remains its main focus. This paper presents an
overview of the research conducted in the domain of forensic acquisition of mobile
phones during the past decade, identifying the challenges and opportunities in the field.
IoT and AIoT: Applications, Challenges and Optimization
Authors: Verma Amit , Kumar Raman
Published: November 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) has rapidly gained popularity as a technology
that enables devices to communicate with each other and the Internet, opening up a
world of possibilities for new applications and services. This chapter provides an
overview of IoT, its applications, and the challenges that need to be addressed in its
deployment. IoT and AIoT are two of the most significant technological innovations of
the 21st century. IoT allows physical devices to connect and exchange data, while
AIoT enables these devices to learn, analyze, and make decisions based on the data
they collect. The term “AIOT” stands for “Artificial Intelligence of Things.” AIOT
refers to the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies with the Internet of
Things (IoT) ecosystem. In essence, AIOT combines the capabilities of AI and IoT to
create intelligent, self-learning systems that can analyze, interpret, and respond to data
generated by IoT devices. Together, these technologies offer numerous benefits such as
increased efficiency, better decision-making capabilities, and improved outcomes
across industries like healthcare, manufacturing, transportation, and agriculture. As
more devices and systems become connected, IoT and AIoT will continue to play a
critical role in shaping the future of our world. IoT and AIoT have the potential to
transform the way we live and work. By enabling devices to communicate and share
data, IoT can help us create more efficient and effective systems, and by integrating AI
technologies, IoT devices can become smarter and more autonomous. This means that
devices can analyze data in real-time, make decisions, and adapt to changing conditions
without human intervention. For example, in smart cities, IoT and AIoT can help
reduce traffic congestion by optimizing traffic flows, and in healthcare, they can help
monitor patients remotely and alert healthcare providers when necessary. As more
devices and systems become connected, we can expect IoT and AIoT to become
increasingly sophisticated, offering new opportunities for innovation and growth in
various industries. However, as with any new technology, there are also potential risks
and challenges that must be addressed, such as security and privacy concerns, and the
need for new regulations and standards to ensure the safe and ethical use of these
technologies.
Uncovering Specific Navigation Patterns by Assessing User Engagement of People With Dementia and Family Caregivers With an Advance Care Planning Website: Quantitative Analysis of Web Log Data
Authors: Dupont Charlèss , Smets Tinne , Potts Courtney , Monnet Fanny , Pivodic Lara , De Vleminck Aline , Van Audenhove Chantal , Mulvenna Maurice , Van den Block Lieve
Published: November 2024

Background

Web-based tools have gained popularity to inform and empower individuals in advance care planning. We have developed an interactive website tailored to the unique needs of people with dementia and their families to support advance care planning. This website aims to break away from the rigid pathways shown in other tools that support advance care planning, in which advance care planning is shown as a linear process from information to reflection, communication, and documentation.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the website’s usage by people with dementia and their family caregivers, identify distinct user engagement patterns, and visualize how users navigated the website.

Methods

We analyzed the website’s log data obtained from an 8-week evaluation study of the site. Interactions with the website were collected in log data files and included visited web pages or clicked-on hyperlinks. Distinct user engagement patterns were identified using K-means clustering process mining, a technique that extracts insights from log data to model and visualize workflows, was applied to visualize user pathways through the website.

Results

A total of 52 participants, 21 individuals with dementia and their family caregivers as dyads and 10 family caregivers were included in the study. Throughout the 8-week study, users spent an average of 35.3 (SD 82.9) minutes over 5.5 (SD 3.4) unique days on the website. Family caregivers mostly used the website (alone or with a person with dementia) throughout the 8-week study. Only 3 people with dementia used it on their own. In total, 3 distinct engagement patterns emerged: low, moderate, and high. Low-engagement participants spent less time on the website during the 8 weeks, following a linear path from information to communication to documentation. Moderate- and high-engagement users showed more dynamic patterns, frequently navigating between information pages and communication tools to facilitate exploration of aspects related to advance care planning.

Conclusions

The diverse engagement patterns underscore the need for personalized support in advance care planning and challenge the conventional linear advance care planning representations found in other web-based tools.
Public perception and changing attitudes toward antidepressants over a decade in social media: lessons learned from online discussion using artificial intelligence (Preprint)
Authors: An Min Ho , Kim Min Kyu , Kim Jueon , Chang Seheon , Lee Dong Yun , Park Rae Woong
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Antidepressants play a crucial role in treating mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety. Understanding of patients’ perspective on antidepressants is essential for improving treatment outcomes; however, year-to-year change in the public’s perception of antidepressants remain unclear.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to analyze changes in public sentiments and predominant perceptions regarding antidepressants over the past 14 years using artificial intelligence pipeline.

METHODS

This study analyzed online discussions related to antidepressants on Reddit from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2022. Antidepressant-associated communities were explored to collect a list of discussions relevant to antidepressant therapy. Discussion topics on antidepressants were identified using BERTopic, and the sentiments were analyzed using a RoBERTa model. Trends were assessed using the Mann–Kendall test to evaluate shifts in sentiments over time.

RESULTS

We analyzed 429,510 antidepressant-related from 204,035 unique authors over 14 years, with negative sentiments predominating (mean negative score: >0.5 across all groups). The most frequently mentioned medications were Lexapro (13.4%), Zoloft (13.0%), and Prozac (10.9%). Analysis revealed three key discussion clusters: (1) benefits and side effects of antidepressants, (2) drug switching experiences, and (3) bupropion-specific concerns. Trend analyses showed a significant decrease in negative sentiments (Mann-Kendall score: -71, z=0.2, p<0.05) and an increase in neutral sentiments (Mann-Kendall score: 57, z=3.5, p<0.05) over time. This trend corresponded with a significant decline in side effect-related topics (Mann-Kendall score: -71, z:-3.8, p<0.05) within the clusters.

CONCLUSIONS

Negative perceptions toward antidepressants are prevalent on social media, mainly focusing on efficacy and side effects. However, a decade-long analysis shows a decline in negative sentiments, with an increase in neutral sentiments with downturn in yearly proportion of side-effected related topics within each cluster. These trends and information may help improve strategies to address barriers to antidepressant use and adherence.
El derecho al cuidado. Su incorporación a las responsabilidades públicas en los ámbitos municipales en el Estado de México
Authors: Guadarrama Sánchez Gloria Jovita
Published: November 2024

El cuidado constituye una condición de posibilidad para el ejercicio de los demás derechos. El objetivo de este texto es perfilar la trayectoria institucional en la asimilación de nuevos paradigmas sobre los derechos humanos en las políticas públicas de género e identificar los momentos clave de la propuesta del derecho al cuidado en el Estado de México. La aproximación se estructura desde el nuevo institucionalismo mediante el seguimiento de los cambios en la estructura política y la normatividad municipal. Los resultados indican que se han creado condiciones favorables para la incorporación del derecho al cuidado en la agenda pública municipal.
Pasar Kerja dan Migran Kembali di Kabupaten Perbatasan Kalimantan Barat-Sarawak
Authors: Djafar Fariastuti
Published: November 2024

Abstrak. Pengalaman sebagai migran seharusnya dapat membantu migran kembali untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan yang lebih baik guna mengurangi tekanan ekonomi. Tekanan ekonomi cenderung mendorong warga untuk menjadi migran berulang yang sebagian berstatus ilegal. Sementara itu, Kabupaten Sambas berbatasan darat dengan Sarawak, Malaysia, yang banyak menawarkan pekerjaan berketerampilan rendah dengan upah yang relatif tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi pasar kerja lokal dan menginvestigasi jenis pekerjaan migran kembali. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder terutama yang bersumber dari BPS dan data primer yang dikumpulkan dengan melakukan wawancara terstruktur dan mendalam serta observasi nonpartisipasi. Hasil penelitian memberikan konfirmasi bahwa Sambas adalah sumber pekerja migran, di mana penawaran tenaga kerja perempuan usia muda lebih tinggi dari laki-laki. Penawaran tenaga kerja didominasi oleh tamatan sekolah menengah, sementara sebagian besar permintaan tenaga kerja adalah untuk tamatan SD atau lebih rendah. Permintaan tenaga kerja juga didominasi oleh sektor primer, buruh/karyawan bagi laki-laki serta pekerja tak dibayar bagi perempuan. Pasar kerja di Sambas telah menyebabkan pengalaman sebagai migran kurang berdampak terhadap jenis pekerjaan migran kembali. Sebagian besar pekerjaan responden saat kembali tidak jauh berbeda dengan pekerjaan saat migrasi. Tingkat upah yang lebih rendah di tempat asal pada akhirnya mendorong sebagian mantan migran kembali menjadi pekerja migran. Abstract. The migration experience should help returning migrants find better jobs in their place of origin, reducing their economic pressures and the likelihood of re-migrating to Malaysia and working illegally. Meanwhile, Sambas district shares a land border with Sarawak which offers many low-skilled jobs with relatively high wages. This research used secondary data mainly published by Statistics Indonesia and primary data collected by conducting structured and in-depth interviews and non-participatory observation. Findings in this research confirm that Sambas as a source of labour migrants. That is indicated by the higher female than male labour supply in the 15-19 age group. The labour supply is dominated by high school graduates, while labour demand is mostly for completed primary education or less. Labour demand is also dominated by the primary sector, male labourers/employees and unpaid female workers. The job market in Sambas has made migration experience have less impact on the employment of returning migrants, as they mostly work in occupations similar to or worse than those during their migration. The low wage level in their place of origin ultimately encourages some former migrants to re-migrate for work. Submitted: 2024-03-03 Revisions:  2024-04-26 Accepted: 2024-09-11 Published: 2024-09-25
Resiliencia en el horno: historias de vida y desafíos de las panaderas zoques de Ocozocoautla de Espinosa, Chiapas
Authors: Esponda Pérez Jorge Alberto , Juárez Ibarias Mónica
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: explorar las historias de vida y los desafíos que enfrentan las mujeres panaderas zoques de Ocozocoautla de Espinosa, Chiapas, mediante un estudio cualitativo etnográfico. Metodología: se entrevistaron quince mujeres productoras de pan artesanal para conocer sus luchas cotidianas y sus estrategias para producir y comercializar dicho pan en contextos adversos. Resultados: la falta de acceso a la educación, los problemas económicos, la viudez, el desempleo, la discriminación y la marginalización de género son los desafíos que enfrentan estas mujeres. Limitaciones: el tamaño de la muestra es solo de quince personas y el enfoque geográfico es específico. Valor: la mirada profunda a la resiliencia y a la determinación de las panaderas zoques. Se subraya la importancia de su actividad como preservadora de su cultura y de su comunidad. Conclusiones: a pesar de las dificultades, estas mujeres mantienen viva su tradición culinaria y han encontrado en la panadería una forma de sustento y resistencia.
A Case Report of Functional Dyspepsia in a Patient with Herniated Intervertebral Cervical Disc with Korean Medicine
Authors: Lee Yu-jin , Baek Gil-geun , Yun Sang-hun , Park Ju-heon , Lee Na-kyoung , Lee Hyung-chul , Kang Man-ho , Park Sung-hwan
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive Korean medicine treatments, including Banhabaekchulchunma-tang, acupuncture, and chuna therapy, in managing functional dyspepsia in a patient with cervical disc herniation. Given the connection between cervical spine disorders and gastrointestinal dysfunction, this study also explored the importance of addressing cervical disc herniation to achieve optimal outcomes in treating functional dyspepsia.Methods: A hospitalized patient presenting with functional dyspepsia and cervical disc herniation received comprehensive Korean medicine treatments, including herbal medicine (Banhabaekchulchunma-tang), acupuncture, and chuna therapy. The treatments aimed at improving gastrointestinal symptoms while addressing the underlying cervical spine pathology. The effectiveness of these treatments on functional dyspepsia was assessed using the gastrointestinal symptom score (GIS), while cervical pain and overall health status were evaluated using the numerical rating scale (NRS) and the EuroQoL 5 dimensions (EQ-5D).Results: After integrated treatments targeting both cervical disc herniation and functional dyspepsia, the patient’s NRS and EQ-5D scores showed significant improvement. Changes in GIS scores indicated relief of functional dyspepsia symptoms, while the treatment of cervical spine pathology also contributed to improved gastrointestinal function and overall well-being.Conclusion: This case study suggests that comprehensive Korean medicine treatments, including Banhabaekchulchunma-tang acupuncture, and chuna therapy, may be effective in treating functional dyspepsia, particularly in patients with cervical disc herniation. The findings indicate that while addressing gastrointestinal dysfunction is crucial, considering the treatment of cervical spine disorders may also be beneficial, highlighting the potential value of an integrated therapeutic approach.