bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Weather-Ready Nation for All? The Demographics of Severe Weather Understanding, Reception, and Response
Authors: Smith Michael D. , Ten Hoeve John E. , Lauer Christopher , Brown Vankita
Published: January 2023

NOAA’s National Weather Service (NWS) provides forecasts, warnings, and decision support to the public for the protection of life and property. The NWS Weather-Ready Nation model describes the process of applying weather information to achieve societal value. However, it is not clear how different racial and socioeconomic groups across the United States receive, understand, and act upon the weather information supplied under this model. There may be barriers that keep important, lifesaving information from the populations at the highest risk of severe weather impacts. This paper estimates the extent of racial and socioeconomic disparities in severe weather risk information reception, comprehension, response, and trust, as well as severe weather preparedness and risk perceptions in the United States. We use data from the University of Oklahoma’s Severe Weather and Society Survey, which is annually completed by a sample of 3000 U.S. adults (age 18+) that is designed to match the characteristics of the U.S. population. We pool data over four years (2017–20) to provide reliable severe weather risk prevalence statistics for adults by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic characteristics. As a robustness check, we supplement this information with data from the annual FEMA National Household Survey. We find that racial and socioeconomic groups receive, understand, trust, and act upon severe weather information differently. These findings suggest that NWS and their partners should adjust their communication strategies to ensure all populations receive and understand actionable severe weather information.

Significance Statement

It is crucial that severe weather risk communication is received, appropriately interpreted, and trusted by all communities—especially the most vulnerable. Past research has not explained how different racial and socioeconomic groups receive, understand, and act upon NWS forecasts and warnings. This study finds that racial and socioeconomic groups receive, understand, trust, and act upon severe weather information differently. Risk communication strategies should be adjusted to eliminate barriers that keep important, lifesaving information from vulnerable populations.
Where the past meets the present: Upward mobility, environmental stimuli, and CEOs’ investment in corporate social responsibility
Authors: Campbell Joanna Tochman , Kish-Gephart Jennifer J
Published: January 2023

Does the experience of upward mobility impact top executives’ investment in socially conscious initiatives at the firm level? Despite early theorizing, much remains unknown about how top executives’ experiences with upward mobility impact their decisions related to corporate social responsibility (CSR). In this study, we focus on chief executive officers (CEOs) from lower social class origins, who represent the most extreme case of upward mobility among their peers, and examine the effects of their background on the likelihood of helping others. Drawing on upper echelons and social class literature, we theorize that top executives’ past—where they come from (i.e. social class origins) and what they have experienced on their climb to the top—influences CSR decisions. We argue that CEOs from lower social class origins develop simultaneous, but at times competing, habitus that influence them to invest more in community-centric but less in employee-centric CSR than their counterparts from middle and upper social class backgrounds. Drawing on trait activation theory, we also predict the moderating influence of the immediate environmental context, namely local levels of poverty and prosperity. Overall, our results support our hypotheses and provide a complex picture of how upward mobility, and its attendant tensions, can affect executive values and CSR.
Relative status and dyadic help seeking and giving: The roles of past helping history and power distance value
Authors: Hong Woonki , Zhang Lu , Gajendran Ravi S
Published: January 2023

Employees may not always seek and give help when needed in the dyadic context because of status disparity. Drawing on the cost and benefit framework in social exchange, we examine the effects of relative status on help seeking and giving willingness and behaviors among dyads. We argue that low-status individuals tend to provide more help but seek less help from their high-status counterparts. We further consider two moderators that can help restore the balance in cross-status helping relationships: employees’ past helping history and low power distance (PD) value. Additionally, we investigate the mediating roles of perceived entitlement and perceived obligation in the relationships between relative status and help seeking and giving, respectively. We tested our hypotheses in three studies using both dyadic field studies and experiments with employee participants. Our findings consistently demonstrate that low-status employees had a disadvantage in dyadic help-seeking and help-giving relationships. We also find that past helping history mitigated the effects of relative status in predicting help giving, whereas low PD value attenuated the effects of relative status in predicting help seeking. Finally, we find support for the mediated effects of perceived entitlement and obligation in the hypothesized relationships.
Religion as ‘Prime Institution’ of International Society
Authors: McLarren Katharina
Published: January 2023

Religion features in early English School work, disappears, and reappears in more recent literature. Arguably, it has not yet found a solid place in this theoretical framework, even though the English School is known to provide angles on the evolution of international society other approaches lack. Religion can unite and divide; leading to a strengthening or a weakening of identity and legitimacy. Faith endures and it can exist independently of states, it can constitute them and it can provide new forms of states and societies. Employing previous English School ideas from early and contemporary English School scholars as points of departure, religion is introduced as a ‘prime institution’. Based on the English School’s understanding of primary institutions constituting international society, this concept of a ‘prime institution’ provides an additional layer to international society. Such a prime institution helps grasp the multifacetedness of religion in the context of international society; identify patterns of religion’s (in-) significance for primary institutions; and examine the difference between religious and religion-averse states within the international society. This prime institution is illustrated with a so-called ‘quilt model’, which depicts the multiple layers of international society.
Social Embeddedness and Protest Avoidance: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhuang Meixi , Wang Zhengxu , Li Xiaoyuan
Published: January 2023

Social capital is generally believed to facilitate protest mobilization. We examine, however, whether and how it might reduce an individual’s tendency to join a protest. Analyzing survey data of a migrant population in Beijing, China’s capital, we find that social capital operating as better embeddedness in local social networks lowers the likelihood of protest participation. We reason that, structurally, embeddedness in local networks provides access to support and assistance, reducing the attractiveness of disruptive means of problem-solving. Psychologically, such embeddedness mitigates the feeling of relative deprivation, reducing the possibility of such feelings accumulating and eventually translating into protesting actions. Regressions and structural equation models confirm our hypotheses, and we are also able to check the robustness of our findings with a different, much larger, cross-national dataset.
Give Me the Facts or Make Me Feel: How to Effectively Persuade Consumers to Act on a Collective Goal
Authors: Jin Liyin , Wang Yajin , Zhang Ying
Published: January 2023

This research explores how marketers can best persuade consumers to act in a collective goal context, such as giving to a donation campaign or signing a petition. The authors examine whether consumers respond differently to fact-based versus affect-based persuasive messages at different stages of a collective campaign. Seven studies demonstrate that the relative impact of fact-based versus affect-based appeals changes with varying distance to the completion of the collective goal. Whereas a fact-based message better persuades consumers to support a collective goal when the distance to completion is large (i.e., far from completion), an affect-based message better persuades consumers to support the goal when the distance to completion is small (i.e., near completion). This enhanced persuasion occurs because the psychological state triggered by the remaining distance matches the message type and, in turn, encourages deeper processing of the appeal.
The Place of the Market in Society
Authors: Gemici Kurtuluş
Published: January 2023

What is the place of the market in society? Polanyi's answer derives from institutional separation and the self-regulating mechanism of supply and demand. In this article, I offer an alternative approach. Following Aristotle, I suggest that commodity fiction follows from the fictitious nature of valuation in the market economy. I then combine this broader definition of commodity fiction with Aristotle's ideas on means and ends of human action, which leads to a framework relating the uniform standard of value in the market economy to commodity fiction and market imperialism. This framework, like Polanyi, underlines the market's subordination of society, but it explains such domination with how the market subverts political deliberation on the allocation of time and resources to distinct objectives in society. The result is a theoretical framework that goes beyond the embeddedness-disembeddedness dichotomy and that emphasizes how the place of the market in society is inextricably a political phenomenon.
Study on regional differences and influencing factors of energy consumption in China
Authors: Yu Da-Jin , An Fen , Ye Yuan-Fan , Zeng Hui-Hong
Published: January 2023

Energy is becoming more and more important in the process of development. Through cluster analysis, 30 provinces chosen from the Chinese mainland are divided into high, medium, and low energy consumption regions, and the Theil index is used to analyze the characteristics of total energy consumption and other characteristics of regional differences. Based on this, an enhanced Panel-STIRPAT model is constructed. Through data and model inspection, panel models suitable for each region are selected for comprehensive analysis. The results show that: there are regional differences in energy consumption in China, and the total regional differences mainly come from within each region. The factors affecting energy consumption in different regions are the same, but due to differences in geographical environment and stress levels, the influence of these factors on energy consumption in different regions is different. Based on this, reasonable measurements to control energy consumption in different regions are presented.
Performance evaluation for the domain decomposition method in nonlinear vibration of the composite hard-coating cylindrical shell
Authors: Zhang Yue , Yang Jian , Song Hua , Xu Dongtao
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The applications of the modified domain decomposition method in nonlinear vibration analysis of the composite hard-coating cylindrical shells are still at a relatively superficial level, owing to the fact that its performance under different decomposition parameters has not been thoroughly investigated for achieving sufficient precision.

Methods

A parametric domain decomposition method is developed to facilitate self-performance evaluation in nonlinear vibration analysis of the shell. Correspondingly, in order to avoid a mass of redundant computation of the segment stiffness and material damping matrices during iterations, a specialized preprocessing scheme is designed by pre-establishing the parametric analytical expressions and matrix databases.

Results

The resonant response is sensitive to the circumferential segment number, but weakly affected by the axial segment number. The optimum circumferential segment number in the present study is suggested to be Nθ = 70, which can achieve good calculation accuracy and efficiency. Highly consistency is shown for the distributions of axial equivalent strain under different axial segment numbers. Smaller circumferential segment numbers would result in larger equivalent strain and bad solution accuracy.

Conclusions

The sufficient solution accuracy of nonlinear vibration of the composite hard-coating cylindrical shell can't be achieved by increasing the axial segment number with constant segment width, but only by enough circumferential segment number, which is fundamentally determined by its equivalent strain distributions and gradients, and is with close relation to the axial and circumferential wave numbers of the shell.
Estimating Causal Effects of Multi-Valued Treatments Accounting for Network Interference: Immigration Policies and Crime Rates
Authors: Tortú Costanza , Crimaldi Irene , Mealli Fabrizia , Forastiere Laura
Published: January 2023

Policy evaluation studies, which assess the effect of an intervention, face statistical challenges: in real-world settings treatments are not randomly assigned and the analysis might be complicated by the presence of interference among units. Researchers have started to develop methods that allow to manage spillovers in observational studies; recent works focus primarily on binary treatments. However, many studies deal with more complex interventions. For instance, in political science, evaluating the impact of policies implemented by administrative entities often implies a multi-valued approach, as a policy towards a specific issue operates at many levels and can be defined along multiple dimensions. In this work, we extend the statistical framework about causal inference under network interference in observational studies, allowing for a multi-valued individual treatment and an interference structure shaped by a weighted network. The estimation strategy relies on a joint multiple generalized propensity score and allows one to estimate direct effects, controlling for both individual and network covariates. We follow this methodology to analyze the impact of the national immigration policy on the crime rate, analyzing data of 22 OECD countries over a thirty-years time frame. We define a multi-valued characterization of political attitude towards migrants and we assume that the extent to which each country can be influenced by another country is modeled by an indicator, summarizing their cultural and geographical proximity. Results suggest that implementing a highly restrictive immigration policy leads to an increase of the crime rate and the estimated effect is larger if we account for interference.
Arab and Jewish mothers’ decisions regarding treatment of their children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A qualitative study
Authors: Shehadeh-Sheeny Amal , Goldblatt Hadass , Baron-Epel Orna
Published: January 2023

The use of medication for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) differs globally. Stimulant prescriptions for ADHD among Israeli Jewish children are four times higher than among Arab children. This qualitative study aimed to identify mothers and teachers’ attitudes regarding ADHD and what affects mothers’ decisions on whether to medicate their child diagnosed with ADHD. In-depth interviews were conducted with 23 Arab and Jewish mothers of children diagnosed with ADHD and 12 elementary school teachers. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes were revealed, describing different perceptions of ADHD in the two ethnic groups: (1) medicalization of ADHD; (2) between guilt and sympathy: Mothers’ feelings toward ADHD; (3) social pressure and social norms; (4) stigmatization: Jewish mothers and teachers tended to perceive ADHD as a medical problem, whereas Arab mothers and teachers perceived it more as a childhood social behavior. Arab mothers reported guilt feelings relating to ADHD, whereas Jewish mothers felt sympathy toward their child. The social environment influenced Arab mothers more than Jewish mothers. Stigmatization was reported only by Arab mothers. Ethnic differences in ADHD perception may explain the differences in diagnosis and treatment. Educators and school psychologists should consider cultural factors when advising parents and planning educational programs for children with ADHD.
Troubleshooting: The Automation of Synthetic Biology and the Labor of Technological Futures
Authors: Hammang Annie
Published: January 2023

Science and Technology Studies has long characterized the dynamics of imagining new technology as the primary driver of progress. Among these dynamics are the performative effects of the future, which have been characterized largely at the level of broader political economies. However, performative futures also operate at more intimate scales, like organizational work practices. So much is the case in the field of synthetic biology, which aims to advance biological research by making laboratory work more efficient with new digital and robotic infrastructure. This paper shows how these infrastructures have transformed laboratory work, drawing on interviews and observations with laboratory technicians in three synthetic biology facilities. These infrastructures have not eliminated laboratory work so much as introduced new kinds of skilled work. Much of this skilled work falls into the category of “troubleshooting:” the improvised correction of unexpected problems in a technical system. Organizational management treats the necessity of troubleshooting as a temporary stage in the development of its technology, while routinizing troubleshooting as a part of daily operations. This tension highlights how labor can be obscured not just by the materiality of infrastructures but by temporality—the possibility of skilled work’s obsolescence in an eventual future.
The Long-Term Impact of College Education on Women’s Attitudes Toward Marriage and Children
Authors: Kim Dahye , Jung Haeil
Published: January 2023

Social attitudes toward marriage and motherhood have shifted away from the traditional norms of universal marriage and childbearing. While the second demographic transition theory stresses the importance of education in bringing ideational changes behind low fertility and low marriage rates, a causal link between college education and attitudinal change has not been studied much. To fill this literature gap, this study demonstrates the enduring impact of college education on women’s family attitudes using South Korea’s policy shock, which offered people the opportunity to attend college in the 1980s. This study finds that college education in the 1980s encouraged women to have non-traditional attitudes toward marriage and motherhood. Women who attended college via the graduation quota program reported that marriage and giving birth at a young age were not necessary more than women without the opportunity. We constructed a composite index of family formulation which showed the same result.
Safety and tolerability results of atogepant for the preventive treatment of episodic migraine from a 40-week, open-label multicenter extension of the phase 3 ADVANCE trial
Authors: Klein Brad C , Miceli Rosa , Severt Lawrence , McAllister Peter , Mechtler Laszlo , McVige Jennifer , Diamond Merle , Marmura Michael J , Guo Hua , Finnegan Michelle , Trugman Joel M
Published: January 2023

Background

Atogepant is a United States Food and Drug Administration-approved oral calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist for the preventive treatment of episodic migraine. The study objective was to evaluate the long-term safety and tolerability of atogepant in participants who completed the phase 3 ADVANCE trial (NCT03777059).

Methods

This 40-week, open-label extension trial (NCT03939312) monitored safety in participants receiving oral atogepant 60 mg once daily, followed by a four-week safety follow-up period.

Results

Of the 685 participants taking at least one dose of atogepant, the treatment period was completed by 74.6% of participants with a mean (standard deviation) treatment duration of 233.6 (89.3) days. Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 62.5% of participants, with upper respiratory tract infection (5.5%), urinary tract infection (5.3%), nasopharyngitis (4.8%), sinusitis (3.6%), constipation (3.4%), and nausea (3.4%) occurring at ≥3%. Serious adverse events were observed in 3.4% of participants (none were treatment-related), and there were no deaths. Adverse events leading to discontinuation occurring at >0.1% were nausea (0.4%) and abdominal pain, vomiting, weight decrease, dizziness, and migraine (0.3% each).

Conclusion

These results are consistent with atogepant’s known safety profile and support long-term use of atogepant 60 mg once daily dosing as safe and well tolerated. ClinicalTrials.gov Registration Number: NCT03939312
Migraine and the risk of stroke in a middle-aged and elderly population: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Acarsoy Cevdet , Fani Lana , Al-Hassany Linda , Berghout Brian P , Koudstaal Peter J , Maassen Van Den Brink Antoinette , Ikram M Kamran , Bos Daniel
Published: January 2023

Background

It has been suggested that patients with migraine have a higher risk of stroke. Despite considerable research on this topic in younger populations, a clear answer is still lacking for older individuals. We studied the association between migraine and the risk of stroke in a middle-aged and elderly population.

Methods

Within the ongoing prospective population-based Rotterdam Study, the presence of migraine was assessed using a validated questionnaire in a structured interview between 2006 and 2011, which formed the baseline. The association between migraine and the risk of stroke was analyzed using Cox proportional-hazards models with adjustments for age, sex, and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Results

A total of 6925 (mean age 65.7 ± 11.3 years, 57.8% females) stroke-free participants were included. At baseline, 1030 (14.9%) participants had lifetime history of migraine. During a median follow-up of 6.2 years, 195 participants developed a stroke (163 ischemic stroke). Analyzing the association between migraine and stroke, we found a hazard ratio of 1.44 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.96–2.15. The results were similar for the ischemic stroke (HR 1.50, CI: 0.97–2.32).

Conclusion

Our data suggested an association between migraine and the risk of stroke in a middle-aged and elderly population, but this was not statistically significant.
The “index vein” as a sign for migraine aura in the emergency setting
Authors: Scutelnic Adrian , Petroulia Valentina , Schraml Lara , Jung Simon , Branca Mattia , Beyeler Morin , Fischer Urs , Wiest Roland , Slavova Nedelina , Schankin Christoph J
Published: January 2023

Background and objectives To assess the usefulness of the “index vein” for making the diagnosis of migraine aura.

Methods 400 patients were included when they: i) presented with an acute neurological deficit, ii) had a brain MRI, and iii) had a discharge diagnosis of migraine aura, ischemic stroke, epileptic seizure or controls (n = 100 per group).

Results Compared to stroke (2%), epileptic seizure (4%) and controls (1%), the index vein is more prevalent in migraine aura (17%, p < 0.001). The index vein is highly specific for migraine aura (specificity 97%, 95% CI 95–99). The index vein has a positive predictive value for the diagnosis of migraine aura of 70% (95%CI 48–87). The index vein-score has the ability to diagnose migraine aura with a sensitivity of 94% (95%CI 87.4–97.8) and specificity of 73.5% (95%CI 66.8–79.5) at a cut-off of 4 points.

Discussion The index vein serves as a good biomarker for migraine aura in the emergency setting.
Effects of acupuncture and medical training therapy on depression, anxiety, and quality of life in patients with frequent tension-type headache: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Schiller Joerg , Niederer Daniel , Kellner Tim , Eckhardt Isabelle , Egen Christoph , Zheng Wen , Korallus Christoph , Achenbach Johannes , Ranker Alexander , Sturm Christian , Vogt Lutz , Gutenbrunner Christoph , Fink Matthias G , Karst Matthias
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To compare the effects of acupuncture and medical training therapy in combination or individually with usual care on quality of life, depression, and anxiety in patients with tension-type headache.

Methods

In this single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled, unblinded trial, 96 adults (38.7(+/−13.3) years of age; 75 females/20 males/one dropout) with frequent episodic or chronic tension-type headache were randomized to one of four treatment groups (n = 24). The treatment groups received six weeks of either acupuncture or medical training therapy as monotherapies or in combination (12 interventions each), or usual care. We assessed depressiveness (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), and health-related quality of life (SF-12) as secondary outcome parameters at baseline, six weeks, three months, and six months after initiation of treatment. Linear mixed models were calculated.

Results

Both, acupuncture (baseline to six-weeks change scores: mean: −2(standard deviation: 2.5 points), three months: −2.4(2.4), six-months −2.7(3.6)) and the combination of acupuncture and medical training therapy (−2.7(4.9), −2.2(4.0), −2.2(4.2)) (each within-group p < .05) significantly reduced depressiveness-scores (PHQ-9) to a greater extent than medical training therapy (−0.3(2.0), −0.5(1.6), −0.9(2.6)) or usual care alone (−0.8(2.9), 0.1(2.8), 0.2(3.6)). We found similar results with anxiety scores and the physical sum scores of the SF-12. No severe adverse events occurred.

Conclusions

Acupuncture and the combination of acupuncture and medical training therapy elicit positive effects on depression, anxiety, quality of life, and symptom intensity in patients with episodic and chronic tension-type headache. Acupuncture appears to play a central role in mediating the therapeutic effects, underscoring the clinical relevance of this treatment. An additive benefit of the combination of both therapies does not appear to be relevant. Trial registration: Registered on 11 February 2019. German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00016723.
Arthroscopic Remplissage Combined With Bankart Repair Results in a Higher Rate of Return to Sport in Athletes Compared With Bankart Repair Alone or the Latarjet Procedure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Davis William H. , DiPasquale Jake A. , Patel Reema K. , Sandler Alexis B. , Scanaliato John P. , Dunn John C. , Parnes Nata
Published: January 2023

Background:

Traumatic anterior shoulder instability affects athletes at a higher rate compared with the general population. In recent years, indications for arthroscopic remplissage, an adjunct procedure classically used to reduce the recurrence of anterior shoulder instability in patients with off-track Hill-Sachs lesions, have expanded.

Purpose:

To investigate return-to-sport (RTS) rates, functional outcomes, and adverse events in athletes who underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair with remplissage compared with surgical alternatives such as Bankart repair alone or the Latarjet procedure.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A literature review of the Embase, PubMed (MEDLINE), and Web of Science databases was conducted for articles published before May 22, 2022. For the systematic review, 16 of 457 studies that reported RTS rates at any time point after remplissage were deemed eligible for inclusion in quantitative analysis and 17 of 457 studies in qualitative analysis. For the meta-analysis, 8 of 457 studies reported RTS rates after remplissage compared with surgical alternatives including Bankart repair alone or the Latarjet procedure and were deemed eligible for inclusion.

Results:

In total, 538 athletes underwent remplissage and were included in the study. RTS at any level was achieved by 86% (395/457) of patients, and the odds of RTS at any level were significantly higher after remplissage compared with surgical alternatives (odds ratio [OR], 2.71 [95% CI, 1.14-6.43]; P = .02). The odds of RTS at a previous or higher level were also significantly higher after remplissage compared with surgical alternatives (OR, 2.07 [95% CI, 1.29-3.31]; P = .002). The mean Rowe score increased significantly from 43.9 ± 7.77 preoperatively (n = 173) to 92.2 ± 4.02 after remplissage (n = 397) ( P < .001), but there was no significant difference in Rowe scores between remplissage and surgical alternatives ( P = .54). After remplissage, the recurrence rate was 5.0% for athletes (n = 220) and 7.3% for all patients (n = 634), with a mean time to recurrence of 24.0 ± 12.5 months. Reoperations occurred in 3.6% of athletes (n = 110) and 4.1% of all patients (n = 445). Recurrence and reoperations were significantly less likely after remplissage compared with surgical alternatives (OR, 0.18 [95% CI, 0.08-0.39]; P < .001 and OR, 0.17 [95% CI, 0.06-0.50]; P = .001, respectively).

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic Bankart repair with remplissage augmentation significantly improved RTS rates among athletes, both at any level and at previous levels of play. Additionally, remplissage appeared to significantly decrease recurrence and reoperation rates compared with surgical alternatives such as Bankart repair alone or the Latarjet procedure.
Effect of the Reelin-Dab1 signaling pathway on the abnormal metabolism of Aβ protein induced by aluminum
Authors: Liu Yi , Liang Ruifeng , Zhu Doudou , Wang Qiong , Li Zhuang , Cheng Liting , Ren Jingjuan , Guo Yuyan , Chai Huilin , Wang Mengqin , Niu Qiao , Yang Shoulin , Bai Jianying , Yu Hongmei , Zhang Hongmei , Qin Xiaojiang
Published: January 2023

Aluminum (Al) is a common neurotoxic element that can exacerbate intracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition. Reelin is a highly conserved extracellular glycoprotein that is involved in intracellular Aβ deposition. However, the action of Reelin on aluminum-induced Aβ deposition is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effects of the Reelin-Dab1 signaling pathway on Aβ deposition in aluminum maltol (Al(mal)3) exposure in rat pheochromocytoma-derived cells (PC12). Our results showed that Al(mal)3 exposure decreased activity of PC12, increased expression of Aβ42, and decreased expression of Aβ40. Moreover, Al(mal)3 exposure in PC12 induced Reelin-Dab1 signaling pathway-associated proteins changed, decreased expression of Reelin and Dab1, and increased expression of pdab1. Moreover, the expression of Reelin, Dab1, and Aβ40 was found to be elevated in PC12 exposed to Al(mal)3 and corticosterone compared to those exposed to Al(mal)3. Also, the expression of Reelin, Dab1, and Aβ40 was found to be depressed in PC12 exposed to Al(mal)3 and streptozotocin compared with cells exposed to Al(mal)3 alone. These results suggested that Al(mal)3 inhibits the expression of the Reelin-Dab1 signaling pathway, promoting Aβ deposition. Thus, our findings provided important evidence to better understand how the Reelin-Dab1 signaling pathway may be a potential mechanism of Aβ deposition induced by aluminum.
Integrating Moral Outrage in Situational Crisis Communication Theory: A Triadic Appraisal Model for Crises
Authors: Coombs W. Timothy , Tachkova Elina R.
Published: January 2023

This study uses moral outrage to create a triadic appraisal of crises for situational crisis communication theory (SCCT). The addition of moral outrage improves the theory with an eye toward enhancing its application to the practice of crisis communication. The authors argue that adding moral outrage resulted in a needed reconceptualization of the preventable crisis cluster in SCCT identified by earlier researchers. Moral outrage becomes a third factor stakeholders utilize to assess crisis threats along with (1) determining if the situation is negative and (2) evaluations of crisis responsibility. The results of the study indicate that the preventable crisis cluster should be treated as three distinct sub-clusters. We argue that this triadic appraisal of crisis threat improves SCCT theoretically and has implications for the practice of crisis communication.
A general automatic method for mechanism optimization based on kinematic constraints and analytical Jacobian matrix
Authors: Muñoyerro Aitor , Hernández Alfonso , Urizar Mónica , Altuzarra Oscar
Published: January 2023

This paper proposes a general formulation intended for dimensional synthesis of kinematic chains based on the derivation of kinematic constraint equations in their matrix form and their subsequent assembly in a system of linear equations. In this way, the proposed formulation allows to calculate in a simple way the partial derivatives of the nodal coordinates of a mechanism with respect to the dimensional or input parameters. Here, a complete mathematical development of the equations is presented, obtaining a formulation suitable for its implementation in computer programs. The main utility of this type of calculation is its application to gradient calculation within optimal dimensional synthesis, being valid for different types of objectives (function, path, and motion generation), and for any planar mechanism composed of any number of elements connected by joints of revolution (R), prismatic (P) or the combination R + P. The developments described in this paper have been implemented in general-purpose GUI software to solve path generation problems.
Application of state parameter learning for fault diagnosis on the large reciprocating compressor
Authors: Li Xiaoran , Guo Tianshuo , Wu Weifeng , Li Chengyi , Li Jie , Zhu Zhongqing
Published: January 2023

According to the statistical results of the reciprocating compressor maintenance in chemical enterprises, the probability of faults caused by wear or damage of vulnerable parts inside the cylinder is close to 80%. Now, fault diagnosis of vulnerable parts inside the cylinder is relied on vibration signal, acoustic emission signal, or thermal parameters. However, it is difficult to extract eigenvalues from vibration signals and acoustic emission signals, which can be disturbed by noise easily. Thermal parameters are relatively stable and less affected by noise. The measurement of thermal parameters requires drilling testing holes through the cylinder wall, which will decrease the strength of the cylinder. According to the working principle of the compressor, fault of the vulnerable parts inside the cylinder would change the pressure and temperature distribution at the suction and the discharge port of the cylinder, while these state parameters are monitored by the parameter monitoring system on most of the compressors. For these reasons, a fault prediction model based on state parameters learning is proposed in this paper aiming to fault diagnosis of vulnerable parts inside the cylinder, which could make fault prediction without adding new hardware cost, such as sensors. Optimized back propagation neural network method by genetic algorithm (GA-BP) is applied to establish the fault prediction model to describe normal working process of the compressor. When fault of vulnerable parts inside the cylinder occurs, monitored pressure and temperature would deviate from the predicted value by the fault prediction. The degree of the deviation is adopted to the fault diagnosis. Then, experiments simulating the fault condition were carried out, and it shows that the accuracy of fault diagnosis using this method could exceed 95%. Verification test shows that the proposed method could successfully predict the fault before the unplanned shutdown.
Unilateral lupus mastitis
Authors: Jiménez-Antón Alicia , Jiménez-Gallo David , Millán-Cayetano José Francisco , Navarro-Navarro Irene , Linares-Barrios Mario
Published: January 2023

Lupus mastitis is a rare clinical manifestation associated with systemic lupus erythematosus or discoid lupus erythematosus. It is necessary to make a correct diagnosis to differentiate it from inflammatory breast cancer. The histological study shows involvement of the adipose tissue of the breast with histopathological findings of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Direct immunofluorescence detects the lupus band at the dermal-epidermal junction. The treatment of choice is hydroxychloroquine. We present a case of unilateral lupus mastitis in a patient with no previous diagnosis of lupus with complete remission after the use of hydroxychloroquine and topical corticosteroids.
Test accuracy of artificial intelligence-based grading of fundus images in diabetic retinopathy screening: A systematic review
Authors: Zhelev Zhivko , Peters Jaime , Rogers Morwenna , Allen Michael , Kijauskaite Goda , Seedat Farah , Wilkinson Elizabeth , Hyde Christopher
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To systematically review the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems for grading of fundus images in diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and the ClinicalTrials.gov from 1st January 2000 to 27th August 2021. Accuracy studies published in English were included if they met the pre-specified inclusion criteria. Selection of studies for inclusion, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted by one author with a second reviewer independently screening and checking 20% of titles. Results were analysed narratively.

Results

Forty-three studies evaluating 15 deep learning (DL) and 4 machine learning (ML) systems were included. Nine systems were evaluated in a single study each. Most studies were judged to be at high or unclear risk of bias in at least one QUADAS-2 domain. Sensitivity for referable DR and higher grades was ≥85% while specificity varied and was <80% for all ML systems and in 6/31 studies evaluating DL systems. Studies reported high accuracy for detection of ungradable images, but the latter were analysed and reported inconsistently. Seven studies reported that AI was more sensitive but less specific than human graders.

Conclusions

AI-based systems are more sensitive than human graders and could be safe to use in clinical practice but have variable specificity. However, for many systems evidence is limited, at high risk of bias and may not generalise across settings. Therefore, pre-implementation assessment in the target clinical pathway is essential to obtain reliable and applicable accuracy estimates.
Digital Technology Adoption in SMEs: What Technological, Environmental and Organizational Factors Influence in Emerging Countries?
Authors: Shahadat M. M. Hussain , Nekmahmud Md. , Ebrahimi Pejman , Fekete-Farkas Maria
Published: January 2023

The research aims to explore the technological, environmental and organizational factors that influence digital technology adoption in the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) sector in developing countries. A conceptual framework is proposed that combines the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework and diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory to explore the determinants of digital technology, for example, information and communication technology (ICT) applicability in SMEs. In addition, this study identifies the major barriers to implementing ICT in the SMEs sector. A purposive 535 sample was accumulated from higher- and middle-level managers of SMEs firms through a structured questionnaire. Data and hypotheses were analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modelling. Results show that relative advantage, complexity, observability, perceived cost, top management support, innovativeness of top management, competitive pressure and government support have significant determinants of ICT adoption in SMEs. Besides, compatibility, perceived trialability and organization readiness have not significantly influenced to use of ICT in SMEs. This research has crucial implications for practising managers, policymakers and SMEs business owners. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is perhaps one of the first empirical surveys that widely provides a theoretical framework regarding ICT adoption in SMEs in Bangladesh.
Effect of Prefeeding Oromotor Stimulation on Oral Feeding Performance of Preterm Neonates during Hospitalization and at Corrected One Month of Age at a Tertiary Neonatal Care Unit of India: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sasmal Suvashri , Shetty Asha P. , Saha Bijan , Knoll Brenda , Mukherjee Suchandra
Published: January 2023

Aim

To evaluate the effect of prefeeding oromotor stimulation on preterm infants’ feeding performance during hospitalization and in early infancy.

Methods

Twenty nine preterm neonates born between 26 and 32 weeks of gestation were randomized to receive either 5 minutes of prefeeding oromotor stimulation or routine care.

Results

Improvement in mean (SD) scores of feeding performance measured by various standardized scales were higher in the study group ( p <.001). There were a higher number of preterms of the intervention group on mothers’ milk at discharge and at corrected one month of age. They achieved independent oral feeding at significantly lower body weight ( p <.001) and had a shorter duration of hospitalization ( p <.05). No significant difference was found in the weight gain rate of preterm infants during hospitalization and at corrected one month of age.

Conclusion

Prefeeding oromotor stimulation improves feeding performance and shortens hospital stay in preterm neonates and improves the breastfeeding rate at their corrected one month of age.
Implementing Legislative Policy Intervention Into Long-Term Care Practice Settings
Authors: Cox Lisa E. , Dunkle Jennifer , Seel Christina
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Authors discuss program theory and the crafting of long-term care based educational trainings, derived from implementing New Jersey's mandated legislative policy. Method: This article applies program theory to explain how trainings were designed and implemented, thereby illustrating how sometimes change mechanisms may not be the intervention itself but the response that the activities generated. Results: Program created activities triggered desirable mechanisms to occur which then led to desired educational outcomes. In brief, university social work educators observed the paucity of research on LGBT+ older adults, ran focus groups at senior centers and nutrition sites, and responded to legislation passed in March 2020. Conclusion: Social work researchers, expert in HIV/AIDS, combined efforts via a multi-university collaboration and developed trainings based on local and national research to meet requirements of the S2545 NJ bill. Trainings were created and offered by both a for-profit organization and university collaboration and evaluation measures have been considered.
Infrastructure and the Energy Use of Human Polities
Authors: Freeman Jacob , Baggio Jacopo A. , Miranda Lux , Anderies John M.
Published: January 2023

This paper integrates scaling theory with variation in systems of governance to help explain cross-cultural differences in the energy use of human polities. In both industrial and pre-industrial polities, systems of governance moderate the scaling of population and energy use. Polities with more inclusive governance systems display, on average, lower energy use per agent. However, as populations increase in size, the energy consumed by polities with more inclusive governance increases faster than among polities with less inclusive governance. These results support the hypothesis that more inclusive governance systems help generate a virtuous cycle of increasing trust, larger-scale cooperation, and more productive economies; however, a byproduct of this process is an expanding network–energy throughput tradeoff: Good governance empowers individuals and firms to connect and cooperate. At the same time, similar to Jevons’ classic efficiency paradox, scaling-up this empowerment requires a system, as a whole, to consume ever greater amounts of energy and materials from the earth’s ecosystems.
“Wherever There's Men, it can Happen”: Constructions of Violence Against Women by Young Adults in Ireland
Authors: Bolton Robert , Leane Máire , Ó Súilleabháin Fiachra , Edwards Claire , Fennell Caroline
Published: January 2023

Given the growing concern about perpetration of violence against women (VAW) amongst young adults, this article examines how a sample ( n = 27) of Irish young adults (18–24 years) construct the term VAW. Participants drew on personal experiences to describe the term and were cognisant of the gendered perpetration of domestic, psychological, and sexual violence. A group of participants, however, constructed narrow understandings of VAW that did not align with their routinized experiences of unwanted touching and sexual microaggressions. We call for initiatives to enable young adults to name and link together different forms of VAW.
Potential antimicrobial activity of camel milk as a traditional functional food against foodborne pathogens in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Abdelazez Amro , Melak Sherif , Abdelmotaal Heba , Alshehry Garsa , Al-jumayi Huda , Algarni Eman , Meng Xiang-Chen
Published: January 2023

Foodborne pathogens are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Therefore, strategies focused on functional foods are urgently required to tackle this issue. As a result, camel milk is one of the most important traditional functional foods since it contains a variety of bioactive components, which all have antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens. The study aims to investigate the potential antimicrobial activity of raw camel milk against foodborne pathogens in both in vitro agar well diffusion and infected mice, especially Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli, particularly in societies that rely on consuming camel milk in its raw form. A total of eighty C57BL/6 mice were divided into ten groups and gavaged with or without camel milk for two consecutive weeks. A blood plasma analysis and serum insulin levels were measured. Histological investigations of the liver, pancreas, kidney, spleen, lung and testicles were also performed. In both in vivo and in vitro studies when compared to other pathogenic bacteria, E. coli was the most affected by raw camel milk, with a significant clear zone of 2.9 ± 0.13 cm in vitro and in all measured parameters in vivo ( p < 0.05). As a result, we advocated for further research to improve camel breeding, raise milk yield and extend its reproductive capability as one of the most important farm animals.