bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Place and Approaches of Family Medicine Doctors in the Health Management of CBRN Events: The Case of Türkiye
Authors: Kurt Elif , Yılmaz Tarık Eren , Kılıç Selçuk
Published: July 2024

In this study, it was aimed to determine the level of knowledge of Family Medicine residents about Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) events, their risk assessments and their thoughts on the roles that CBRN events can play in healthcare services. As a multi-center and cross-sectional analytical study, 444 family medicine residents at the national level were included in the study via an online survey application method. The data form included a total of 25 questions prepared to evaluate the sociodemographic information of the participants and their evaluation, awareness, knowledge level, approach to events and general opinions regarding CBRN event risks. 91.7% of physicians evaluated their knowledge level as "very little" or "little" and 95.7% evaluated their preparation level as "very little" or "little". 77.3% of physicians think that family physicians should have a role in CBRN incidents. For a possible CBRN event in the next 5 years, physicians predict biological events as the highest risk and nuclear events as the lowest risk. The rate of physicians who stated that they had previously received CBRN training was 17.8%, and the rate of those who participated in the CBRN drill was only 0.9%. While 89.9% of the participants wanted to receive training on health management in CBRN incidents; 80.2% want the training to be included in the specialty curriculum. While the participants' level of knowledge about the symptoms that may develop after a CBRN event is high, when asked about the awareness of CBRN risks around their institutions, 79.3% of physicians stated that they were not aware. It was determined that the level of knowledge, preparation, training, practice and awareness of family physicians regarding CBRN events was low. On the other hand, their willingness to receive training and their belief that they had a role in CBRN incidents were found to be high. According to the data of our study, we evaluate that there is a need for institutional structuring against CBRN risks, including primary health care services, and we suggest that CBRN training modules should be included in specialty curricula, starting from medical faculties.
Evaluating internet access and information needs in different age cohorts
Authors: Osadolor Alexander Osayimwense , Uwenbor Nehikhare Osagie
Published: July 2024

The digital divide remains a notable hurdle to equitable development, with rural communities in particular, where there are high tendencies for poor access to information and communication technology (ICT). This study examines the availability and utilization of free internet services, the satisfaction of information needs, and the engagement with online information services across three age groups 15-19, 20-29, and 30-49 in Ulemon community in Edo state, Nigeria. Utilizing a structured survey and data analysis conducted via Microsoft Power BI (Business Intelligence), the research reveals critical disparities in digital access and usage. The results indicate that the 20-29 age group has the highest access to free internet at 60%, the highest utilization rate at 40%, the greatest satisfaction with their information needs at 55%, and the highest usage of online information services at 75%. These findings point out the urgency in the need for designated interventions to enhance digital inclusion in rural areas. Recommended actions include expanding broadband infrastructure, implementing subsidized internet plans, enhancing digital literacy through educational programs, and developing locally relevant online content. In conclusion, addressing the digital divide in rural communities is essential for promoting inclusive growth, improving access to education and healthcare, and empowering individuals to participate fully in the digital economy. This study provides valuable insights and actionable strategies to guide efforts toward achieving these objectives and to ensure that the general populace is included in the digital age.
Preparation of future teachers for the use of personality-developing educational technologies when teaching humanities subjects in primary school
Authors: Syzdykova Lyazat , Khasenova Ayzhan , Karabalaeva Gulmira , Adylbek Gulnaz , Soodanbekova Altynkys
Published: July 2024

Relevance. Personality-developing learning technologies are vital for the effective development of each child, considering their preferences, skills, and character traits. Purpose. To investigate the features of training final-year students to use personality-developing educational technologies for teaching humanities subjects in primary schools. Methodology. The study employed questionnaires, expert assessment, modelling, pedagogical experiments, and mathematical statistics. Results. Future teachers demonstrated a sufficient knowledge level of personality-developing educational technologies but needed more practical classes. A course was developed, comprising 30 sessions: 10 theoretical classes, 10 group study sessions, and 15 practical classes at schools under teacher supervision. A follow-up survey showed the course positively impacted students' attitudes and confidence. Conclusions. The study found that final-year students possess adequate theoretical knowledge of personality-developing educational technologies but require more practical application opportunities. The developed course effectively improved students' confidence and attitudes towards using these technologies in their teaching practice. Keywords: personal qualities; pedagogical practice; approaches to learning; professional skills of a teacher
Methods of teaching secondary school students to solve algebraic equations and inequalities and their systems
Authors: Sansyzbayeva Arailym , Daiyrbekov Serik , Berdaliyev Dauletbay , Daiyrbekova Gulmira , Sansyzbayev Altynbek
Published: July 2024

Relevance. The relevance of this study is conditioned by the integral role of algebraic equations and inequalities in mathematics education, as well as the need for effective methods and approaches to their teaching at the secondary school level. Purpose. The study aims to develop and appropriate methods for teaching secondary school students to solve algebraic equations and inequalities, including their systems, taking into account modern educational requirements and pedagogical approaches. Methodology. In the course of the study, methods such as experimental research, questionnaire surveys, and statistical analysis of data were used. Results. Because of the study, it was revealed that the innovative methodology for teaching the solution of algebraic equations and inequalities in secondary school had a positive impact on students' mastery of the material. The participants demonstrated a deeper understanding of algebraic concepts, increased independence in problem-solving, and developed critical thinking skills. They became more confident in analysing and interpreting problem conditions, identifying relationships between variables, and proposing adequate solutions. The new approach also improved students� motivation to study algebra and their academic performance, with increased interest and passion for the subject due to the interactive methods and practical tasks provided. Conclusions. The study confirms the effectiveness of the innovative methodology in the contemporary educational context of mainstream schools. The practical significance of the study lies in providing mainstream schoolteachers with tools to successfully teach students algebraic equations and inequalities, contributing to the development of analytical thinking and mathematical competence. Keywords: interactive lessons; visualization of mathematical concepts; individual progress; skill development
Implementation of interdisciplinary connections of chemistry with physics and biology in teaching secondary school students in Kazakhstan
Authors: Dyachenko Ariana , Mukanova Roza , Erkibayeva Meruert
Published: July 2024

Relevance. The implementation of interdisciplinary connections is an important aspect of modern education and plays a special role in the development of secondary school students. In the context of Kazakhstan, the effective integration of chemistry with physics and biology contributes to a deeper understanding and application of scientific concepts and principles in various fields of science. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyse the features of the introduction and influence of interdisciplinary education on the study of physics, chemistry, and biology in the secondary school. Methodology. To achieve research goals, various works of authors were used, who studied the issues of interdisciplinary connections of natural sciences, as well as such methods: generalization, survey, axiomatic. Results. The results of the work determined that interdisciplinary education of schoolchildren in Kazakhstan plays an important role in the development of complex and critical thinking, as well as the ability to apply knowledge in various contexts. This approach to learning integrates physics, chemistry, and biology to help students see the connections between them and apply what they have learned to real situations. Conclusions. As a conclusion of the analysis, it was found that the implementation of interdisciplinary connections had a positive effect on about 90% of schoolchildren who, within the framework of this educational paradigm, learned to develop integrative abilities, the ability to see the relationship between subjects, apply analytical and creative skills, and work in a team. In addition, it was highlighted that the implementation of the interdisciplinarity of the studied natural sciences contributed to the development of learning motivation and student enthusiasm. It helped them see the whole picture of knowledge and understand how their subjects could be applied in practice. The practical significance lies in the use of the results of the study by scientists, as well as specialists in the field of pedagogy. Keywords: educational paradigm; natural sciences; critical thinking; complexity; educational motivation
Large and childless families in Kazakhstan: where are the problems buried?
Authors: Tazhigaliyeva Gulzira , Yermekbayeva Zhanar , Askeeva Gulnar
Published: July 2024

Relevance. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the demographic situation in the country determines the level and prospects for the development of its society. Therefore, all citizens, especially the socially unprotected ones, need proper protection from the state. A clear understanding and awareness of the difficulties in giving birth and raising children will make it possible to effectively formulate social policy to prevent the nation's ageing and other demographic crises. Purpose. The study aims to analyse the specific material and social problems of large and childless families and identify effective ways to solve them. Methodology. The leading method was the statistical analysis of empirical data, with the help of which information was collected, processed on its basis, and conclusions were formulated for their implementation in the social sphere. To collect information about real problematic aspects, a questionnaire was used to identify certain difficulties in households. Results. The result of the work, which was carried out, is a detailed study and analysis of the difficulties inherent in different categories of families, their comparison, identification of features and causes. Also, the main ways of solving social and domestic problems were identified, which are enshrined at the legislative level in the field of social security. Thanks to the results of the survey, real issues were found that bother the average unit of society. With this in mind, there is a faster and more effective satisfaction of the basic social needs of citizens. Conclusions. The study concludes that Kazakhstan needs more effective state policies to support large families and address demographic challenges, while the resilience of traditional family values offers hope for future population growth. Keywords: childless couples; state policy in the field of social protection; protection of children's rights; family policy; population
Online teaching of artistic creativity: Methods, motivation and evaluation
Authors: Temirbolat Alua , Dautova Gulnaz , Imangaliev Baurzhan , Sarbasov Bolatkhan , Tleubaev Sovetkhan
Published: July 2024

Relevance. In light of the pandemic, distance learning has gained significant importance. There has been a pressing need to adapt all academic disciplines to an online mode of instruction. Purpose. This study aimed to identify the most effective strategies for providing online literature courses, taking into account the distinct demands of artistic expression which typically necessitates a more intimate, real-time exchange between teacher and learner. Methodology. The study utilized a mixed-method approach, incorporating analysis of teaching practices, comparative studies, student surveys, and experimental comparisons of traditional versus innovative online teaching techniques for literary disciplines during the pandemic. Results. The study analyzed teaching methods in the Faculty of Philology and conducted a survey with 300 students from the Kazakh National University, followed by an experiment comparing traditional and innovative online teaching strategies. The research illuminated those innovative methodologies like game learning, problem-based learning, case study method, brainstorming, multimedia technologies, l-search strategies, and programmed learning, when deployed in teaching literary disciplines online, outperformed traditional teaching methods. Students taught using these modern techniques showcased superior academic performance and a deeper assimilation of course materials. Conclusions. Distance education, as evidenced by this study, can be an avenue for the integration of advanced technological tools, encouraging students to explore novel ways of presenting their understanding in literary disciplines. Keywords: digital pedagogy; virtual classroom strategies; e-learning; technological integration; student engagement
Preparation of university students for independent work using benchmarking technology
Authors: Ziyaziyeva Liliya , Shakenova Maigul , Kaldygozova Sandugash , Temerbekov� Albina , Stukalenko Nina
Published: July 2024

Relevance. The study's relevance arises from the increasing adoption of new teaching methods in the education system, particularly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, which necessitates rethinking the learning process. Benchmarking technologies aim to enhance these processes by leveraging best practices from leading universities globally. Purpose. The study aims to assess university students' readiness for independent work and evaluate the outcomes of preparing students for independent work using benchmarking technology. Methodology. An experiment was conducted in three stages: collecting information, developing and testing the methodology, and integrating the methodology into the educational process. The study was carried out at Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau University. Results. The study revealed the degree of readiness of university students for independent work using benchmarking technology. The focus was on how benchmarking technology improves the educational process and the development of self-educational components. Systematic diagnostics and constant adjustments helped achieve planned results in organizing independent work. Conclusions. The proposed methodology for organizing students' independent work enhances future graduates' competitiveness, creativity, stress resistance, communication skills, and professional development capabilities. Keywords: modern teaching methods; future specialist; self-organisation; learning process
Research competence in the context of training future biology teachers
Authors: Ungarbayeva Gulshat , Ibadullayev� Saltanat , Balykbayeva Gulzhan , Nazarova Gulmira , Berdenkulova Almagul
Published: July 2024

Relevance. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that in the process of implementing the competency-based approach, students' research activity becomes one of the leading ones in the structure of the future teacher's preparedness for professional activity. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to reveal the process of formation of research competence in biology students in the process of mastering the discipline of "Biology Practice". The question of the formation of research competence is put forward as one of the most relevant requirements for graduates of higher education who train specialists in pedagogical specialties. Methodology. In the course of the study, theoretical methods such as analysis, synthesis, generalization and empirical methods were used, consisting of questionnaires and tasks aimed at determining the level of experience in research activities, helping to consider the situation in the study of the formation of research competence of biology students, leading to a comprehensive review of the situation in the study of the formation of research competence in biology students. Results. During the ascertaining stage of the study it was found that students have low and average levels of research competencies. To solve the problem of research training of biology students, a laboratory practice was developed and introduced into the educational process, by the end of which the students of the experimental group showed an increase in the level of research competencies. The role of laboratory practice in the formation and development of research activities of undergraduate biologists is determined. The data obtained are compared with international practice. Conclusions. The conducted research gives grounds to conclude that the developed laboratory practice helped students to master research competencies, which are represented by methodological knowledge and skills, as well as the technique of conducting the most important laboratory research. Keywords: research activity; research competencies; laboratory competencies; activity component of research competence; educational process
Agency, Isolation, and the Coming of New Technologies: Exploring "Dependency" in Coastal Communities of Newfoundland Through Participatory Research
Authors: Clover Darlene , Harris Carol E.
Published: July 2024

How does one effectively and ethically conduct research with community members who steeped in histories of economic and social dependency, so that the people themselves charge of their futures? This question is explored in a Canadian context as the authors study the potential of new technologies to bring hope to traditional coastal communities that have been devastated by the collapse of the east coast fishery. Findings highlight the tension inherent in combining traditional knowledge with contemporary "solutions" through technology, as well as the authors' own ethical participation in suggesting uses the new technology.
Connections and Tensions Between University and School Districts: Research Review Boards and School-Based Research
Authors: Tilley Susan A. , Killins Janet , Van Oosten Deborah
Published: July 2024

Currently researchers connected to university contexts who conduct research involving human participants must receive approval from a research ethics board, and in the case of school-based research, from school district authorities. This article focuses on the ethics review of school-based research. Applications submitted to a research ethics board and a district research review committee serve as primary data for the study. Information presented relates to research interests, researchers’ background, methodologies proposed, and board decisions. Emergent themes discussed are limited to two: a focus on student researchers and research ethics review, and the connections between the research review boards and their influence on school-based research.
How Much Do Multicultural Residents of Greater Vancouver Know About the Internet?
Authors: Boshier Roger , Kow Janet Kushner , Huang Yan
Published: July 2024

Vancouver high school honors and university award lists are crowded with Asian names. But do these abilities in face-to-face settings extend to the Internet, which is the centerpiece of distributed learning? The purpose of this study was to measure the extent to which Internet knowledge varied as a function of age, sex, and language spoken at home. An Internet Quiz was administered to 3,537 residents in Greater Vancouver. Those who spoke English at home knew more about the Internet than those who spoke Chinese or other languages. The difference in English, Chinese, and other language scores possibly stemmed from relationships between Internet use and Internet knowledge, the pragmatism of Chinese in Greater Vancouver, the exigencies of immigration, and English-language dominance of the Internet.
Ensemble Research: A Means for Immigrant Children to Explore Peer Relationships Through Fotonovela
Authors: Emme Michael J. , Kirova Anna , Kamau Oliver , Kosanovich Susan
Published: July 2024

This work began with a question about the challenges of nonverbal communication across cultures for both immigrant children in Canadian schools and a community of researchers. The question led to the gathering of an ensemble of researchers that included both adults and children. This article represents that collaborative group’s approach to a research innovation focusing on the fotonovela as both a research tool and a product of the research process. Antecedent narratives tell of the research team’s diverse skills, which became resources for the visual inquiry of immigrant children into their first Canadian school experiences. Combining digital-documentary, tableau, and digital-image manipulation, the children created, reflected on, and responded to fotonovelas about their peer relationships. Their stories combine elements of the personal with social symbolic representations that result in multiple layers of identification for the students and other readers of their research. This layered narrative is discussed as a unique result of combining digitized photographic processes with the fotonovela format. It also provides insights into how the fotonovela format can be used as a research tool.
A Construct Validity Study of Bullying
Authors: Beran Tanya N.
Published: July 2024

The construct validity of the Bully/Victim Questionnaire (Olweus, 1996a) as a measure of bullying was examined. Although researchers have defined bullying and reactive aggression as two distinct types of aggression, this study examined how closely related they are using empirical data. Reports from students and teachers on measures of bullying and reactive aggression were compared for evidence of convergent validity (degree of similarity) and divergent validity (degree of difference). Comparisons of correlation coefficients indicate that convergent validity coefficients (.26 to .85) are not higher than divergent validity coefficients (.21 to .74). In addition, correlations between teachers and students differ. It is concluded that measuring bullying is problematic and that bullying and reactive aggression are highly correlated whereas teacher and student reports are not.
Student Risk Factors Identified by School Counselors and Student Achievement
Authors: Couillard Darren , Garnett Julie , Hutchins Angel , Fawcett Mary L. , Maycock George
Published: July 2024

The increasing emphasis in the United States on high-stakes testing for students and schools generates a great deal of quantitative data, but these data are less frequently linked to other data that are more difficult to obtain such as data on risk factors that may affect how students do on these tests. To make such comparisons, a group of counselors and counselor educators targeted a small urban school district to conduct a quantitative study of the relationship between grades, standard achievement test scores, and risk factors for K-12 students. Students in grades 4, 6, 8, and 9 were randomly selected and data were gathered from school counselors on relevant descriptive information and student risk factors. More than 50% of the students in this sample were affected by at least one risk factor. Students experiencing higher numbers of risk factors tended to have lower achievement test scores and lower grade point averages (GPAs) and were also likely to be male, Hispanic, or Black; to be receiving special education services; to have high rates of absent or tardy days; to have many suspensions or discipline reports; to have single, deceased, or stepparents; and/or to have free or reduced-price lunch status. This article discusses the research process, findings, and implications for educators, particularly in the light of other findings that the effects of some risk factors may be mitigated by the actions of school counselors.
From Care-less to Care-full: Education for Citizenship in Schools and Beyond
Authors: Tupper Jennifer A.
Published: July 2024

This article attempts to disrupt liberal democratic understandings of citizenship as they inform social studies curricula in schools. Care-less citizenship is used throughout the article to describe the denial or propensity to ignore the deep inequities that exist in the world. The article also implicates schooling, and in particular social studies education, in the maintenance of citizenship as a falsely universalized construct through such practices as standardization and high-stakes testing. Conceptions and experiences of citizenship articulated by five secondary social studies teachers and 10 preservice teachers provide a means through which to improve understanding of how students are constructed as citizens in relation to the prescribed and negotiated curriculum encountered in classrooms. Finally, the article advances an understanding of citizenship as care-full—that is, attentive, relational, and caring—in which conditions of oppression operating to limit the realization of equity are continual subjects of interrogation.
First Conversations With Manitoba Superintendents: Talking Their Walk
Authors: Crippen Carolyn , Wallin Dawn
Published: July 2024

Thirty-seven superintendents lead public school divisions in the Province of Manitoba; their role is to implement the policies set out by the Board of Trustees. In a period of rapid educational change and growth in Manitoba, superintendents are increasingly concerned with rural/urban issues; the fallout from recent school division amalgamations; and local/global educational perspectives. The leadership style demonstrated by superintendents is crucial to their ability to respond appropriately and adequately to growing issues of cultural, economic, social, and community influences. This article describes a study of Manitoba superintendents and their perspectives on their leadership style. Their narrative are analyzed through the lens of servant-leadership as defined by Robert K. Greenleaf and an inventory of 10 related characteristics: listening, empathy, healing, awareness, persuasion, foresight, conceptualization, stewardship, commitment to the growth of people, and building community. It appears that this small sample of superintendents regard awareness, foresight, conceptualization, commitment to the growth of others, and building community as priorities in their leadership modus operandi.
The Implementation of Positive Behavioral Support in an Elementary School: Processes, Procedures, and Outcomes
Authors: Menendez Anthony L. , Payne Linda Donica , Mayton Michel R.
Published: July 2024

This article presents the processes and outcomes of a year of School-Wide Positive Behavior Support in a North Texas elementary school serving kindergarten through grade 3 students. Included is a description of a school treatment package that incorporated components such as facilitation of the teaming process, a lottery-type system of intermittent reinforcement, mystery motivators, and recognition assemblies, all targeted at increased student compliance with school rules. Positive outcomes included: (a) a reduction in the number of office referrals; (b) reduced frequency of rules-based violations on the part of students; (c) reduced use of punitive consequences such as time-outs, written reprimands, and student conferences on the part of the faculty and administration; and (d) an increase in scores on a state-mandated academic achievement assessment administered to grade 3 students.
Experimental Study On Anastomotic Hemodynamics Using Tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Xu Ke-Wei , Gao Qi , Wan Min , Zhang Ke
Published: July 2024

Fluid mechanics is an important factor to the failure of the graft anastomosis surgery. In order to better understand the mechanism of restenosis and graft failure of the anastomosis from the perspective of fluid mechanics, an end-toside silicone anastomosis model with 45° anastomotic angle was used for research. The anastomosis model was connected to a continuous flow loop. where the flow rate can be adjusted during the experiment to simulate several conditions. The tomographic particle image velocimetry (TPIV) was applied to obtain the internal three-dimensional and three-component (3D-3C) flow field. The hemodynamics inside the anastomosis model was quantitatively analyzed based on the averaged 3D-3C flow field. The results present that there are phenomena such as recirculation, spiral flow, flow stagnation, and large vortex structures inside the anastomotic flow field. The oscillation of the recirculation zone size and flow stagnation point indicate the fluid stimulation to the endothelial cells. Also, the double spiral vortex structure could cause high local shear stress, which in turn cause trauma to the red blood cells and lead to local coagulation. Besides, thanks to the 3D-3C flow field, the wall shear stress (WSS) on the entire model wall was obtained, which enables us to predict the mechanical influence to the intimal hyperplasia. The local low WSS was found near the graft toe and recirculation regions, while the local high WSS was found on the host vessel bottom where the jet directly impinges. The abnormal flow phenomena can explain the high-risk regions in the anastomosis, where the stenosis and intimal hyperplasia are prone to appear. The 3D-3C flow field based on the in vitro experiment can strengthen the understanding of the anastomotic restenosis pathology and provide further reference for the surgery improvement.
Optimization Of Photophoretic Forces In Coated-Hollow Microspheres
Authors: Pereira David J. S. , Panão Miguel R. O.
Published: July 2024

Photophoresis, a thermal phenomenon, generates non-contact forces on microparticles in a fluid when exposed to a light beam, such as a laser. These forces depend on the geometrical, thermal, and optical properties of the particles, and aligning these properties in inhomogeneous particles can enhance photophoretic forces. The use of coated-hollow microspheres offers a promising approach to this challenge. This work presents a photophoresis model for a threelayered microsphere in the slip-flow regime, applying Navier-Stokes equations with corrected boundary conditions. We used numerical approaches to compute the heat source function using Lorenz-Mie theory and validated the results against previous works. Applied to a copper-coated glass bubble, the model analyzed the photophoretic force as a function of coating thickness, considering several shell thicknesses. Results show that nanometric scale coatings enhance the force up to a maximum, after which the high thermal conductivity of copper reduces it. For coatings above 100 nm, the force becomes insensitive to shell thickness, demonstrating copper’s dominance in optical and thermal phenomena. The study suggests depositing excess coating for higher photophoretic forces, providing a framework for optimizing microparticle design for photophoretic applications. Future work includes further validation through numerical models and experiments and finding analytical solutions for integrals associated with terms in the boundary coefficients using Lorenz-Mie Theory, which holds great promise for advancing our understanding of photophoresis.
Three-Dimensional Density And Flight Direction Measurement In The Ballistic Range
Authors: Yamagishi Masato , Hirose Yusuke , Inage Tatsuro , Udagawa Shinsuke , Ota Masanori , Takikawa Yukiya , Ohtani Kiyonobu , Nagai Hiroki
Published: July 2024

Simultaneous measurement of the three-dimensional density field around the Hayabusa-type re-entry capsule model and the angle of attack using the 3D-BOS (Background Oriented Schlieren) technique was carried out in the ballistic range at the Institute of Fluid Science (IFS), Tohoku University. A Hayabusa-type re-entry capsule model with a diameter of 25 mm was used for the test model, and the free-flight Mach number was 1.20. A total of 22 digital cameras were installed for the two set of 3D-BOS measurement system. Each of 11 digital cameras are synchronized and captures the flow field around the test model at two different moments. In this paper, the model position at the different moments were measured using two sets of 3D-BOS measuring systems based on image processing, and the model flight direction and angle of attack were measured. The results showed that the stagnation point predicted from the angle of attack and the maximum density point showed good agreement. Therefore, we conclude that the density distribution around the reentry capsule model obtained by the 3D-BOS technique can be directly compared with the CFD results.
Small-Scale BOS Measurement Using Background Projection
Authors: Yamagishi Masato , Ichihara Sayaka , Tagawa Yoshiyuki , Ota Masanori
Published: July 2024

Small-scale (smaller than 5 mm) flows were measured by the BOS technique using background projection. The BOS technique has been applied to many flow fields because of its ease of use, but there have been few cases of its application to small-scale flow fields. The standard BOS technique requires the installation of a background image far from flow field to prevent the distorting the flow by itself. Therefore, there is a problem of the spatial resolution being limited by the lens aperture when measuring small-scale flow fields. BOS measurement using background projection can achieve higher spatial resolution without any distorting flow by the background. In this case, we can project the background in or near the flow field while installing the background far from the measurement area. In this paper, we obtain the high spatial resolution of BOS measurement using background projection and apply this technique to focused ultrasound in water as small-scale flow. In the standard BOS technique, the distance between the background and the flow field was 20 mm due to the size of the ultrasound transducer, but the proposed method was installed at a position of 2 mm, achieving measurements with a spatial resolution more than six times higher. The displacement measured with the proposed method showed less distortion than the standard BOS, demonstrating the superiority of high spatial resolution
Particle Dynamics In T-Junction High-Concentration Flow
Authors: Loureiro Juliana Braga Rodrigues , Freire Atila Pantaleão Silva
Published: July 2024

The work describes sand-particle high-Reynolds number flow in a Tjunction.
Experiments are carried out for one different Reynolds number
(Re = 9.5x104), one typical particle diameter distribution (Mesh 150) and
four sand concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.6 and 1.1 % w/w). The purpose of the
work is to characterize the effects of indirect particle-to-particle interaction
as particle load increases. PTV and PIV measurements are used to discriminate
the velocities of the particles and the carrier fluid. The results shown
that rebounding effects have a significant influence on particle dynamics.
2D3C Measurement Of Velocity, Pressure And Temperature Fields In A Intake Flow Of An Air Turbine By Filtered Rayleigh Sattering (FRS) And Validation With LDV And PIV
Authors: Dues Michael , Dues Fritz , Melnikov Sergey , Steinbock Jonas Johannes , Doll Ulrich , Röhle Ingo , Migliorini Matteo , Zachos Pavlos
Published: July 2024

A Filtered Rayleigh Scattering Technique is implemented in two different experimental setups and compared to the established velocity measurement techniques Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The Frequency Scanning Filtered Rayleigh Scattering Method employed uses an imagefiber bundle which allows for the simultaneous observation of the flow situation from six independent perspectives, utilizing only one sCMOS camera. A testrig with a nominal diameter of 80 mm was implemented by ILA R&D GmbH. Here measurements with straight pipe flow and a swirl generator were realised, as well as comparisions with LDA. A second experiment utilized Cranfields University’s Complex Intake Facility (CCITF), enabling the simulation of the flow field for an engine intake as observed behind an S-Duct diffuser. The diameter in the measuring plane was 160 mm. Measurements up to a mach number of 0.4 were performed and compared with HighSpeed Stereo-PIV (S-PIV) measurements. Good agreement was achieved in respect to both the absolute magnitude of the velocity measurements as well as to the resolution of complex flow structures. The developed FRS multi-view Setup is able to simultaneously determine the 3D velocity components, the pressure and the temperature on a measurement plane with high resolution and without seeding. After calibration the FRS system yields the pressure and temperature within 3 percent respectively 0.8 percent of the reference values. The measured velocity was within 1-2 m/s of the reference.
Large Scale Turbulent Round Free Jet Far Field Investigations Using Shake-The-Box 3D Lagrangian Particle Tracking
Authors: Buchwald Tom , Schanz Daniel , Godbersen Philipp , Agosc Janos , Schröder Andreas
Published: July 2024

In this study, we utilize the Shake-The-Box (STB) Lagrangian Particle Tracking (LPT) algorithm to conduct large-scale measurements in the far field of a turbulent jet. We confirm self-similar mean velocity and Reynold stress profiles across two fields of view (FOVs) spanning 90 to 240 nozzle diameters in streamwise direction. Furthermore, the utilization of a novel version of the data assimilation scheme FlowFit enables the visualization of instantaneous realizations of coherent structures in terms of Q-values. The results indicate that the structures are predominantly tube rather than hairpin-like. The high number of tracked particles and the extensive measurement range allow for the estimation of mean dissipation as a function of the distance from the nozzle using structure functions. A comparison of results derived from longitudinal and transverse approaches with those obtained using the velocity-acceleration structure function indicates that the latter provides more accurate results due to its validity in anisotropic flows. However, the findings also indicate that the anisotropy diminishes downstream. The determination of mean dissipation and acceleration enables the investigation of the validity of the Heisenberg-Yaglom relation in this anisotropic flow. Nevertheless, acceleration is a highly intermittent value, which hinders capturing all relevant events to measure its variance accurately. This paper presents the difficulties encountered in the tracking and filtering of the trajectories, offering a perspective on potential future solutions to the problem.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, XÉT NGHIỆM VÀ HÌNH ẢNH CỘNG HƯỞNG TỪ TUYẾN YÊN TRÊN BỆNH NHÂN MẮC HỘI CHỨNG CUSHING PHỤ THUỘC ACTH
Authors: Đỗ Lê Anh Trung , Vũ Đăng Lưu , Trần Anh Tuấn , Nguyễn Quang Anh , Lê Hoàng Kiên , Nguyễn Tất Thiện , Nguyễn Công Tiến
Published: July 2024

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát hình ảnh tuyến yên trên cộng hưởng từ ở những bệnh nhân mắc hội chứng Cushing phụ thuộc ACTH. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang 15 bệnh nhân (12 nữ, 3 nam) được chẩn đoán mắc hội chứng Cushing phụ thuộc ACTH và được chụp cộng hưởng từ tuyến yên từ tháng 10/2022 đến tháng 10/2023. Kết quả nghiên cứu: Tỷ lệ nam/nữ = 1/4. Tuổi trung bình 38,47 ± 10,78 (27-62). Tất cả bệnh nhân đều có nồng độ ACTH huyết tương >10pg/ml, phù hợp với chẩn đoán lâm sàng hội chứng Cushing phụ thuộc ACTH. Bệnh nhân quan sát thấy u tuyến yên trên cộng hưởng từ chiếm 80%. Kích thước u trung bình là 4,59 ± 1,77mm, 100% u là microadenoma, phân loại độ I, giai đoạn 0 theo phân loại của Hardy-Wilson. Nhóm u đồng tín hiệu trên các chuỗi xung T1W và T2W chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất, lần lượt là 83,4% và 58,3%. Trên chuỗi xung tiêm thuốc động học, tất cả u biểu hiện là nốt ngấm thuốc kém. Kết luận: Chụp cộng hưởng từ tuyến yên là một phương pháp tốt để chẩn đoán xác định u tuyến yên, đánh giá xâm lấn và phân loại giai đoạn u trên bệnh nhân mắc hội chứng Cushing phụ thuộc ACTH. Trong đó việc đánh giá hình thái u kết hợp giữa chuỗi xung thường quy với chuỗi xung tiêm thuốc động họ là rất quan trọng. Tuy nhiên, có một tỷ lệ u tuyến yên không quan sát thấy trên cộng hưởng từ, kể cả khi kết hợp chuỗi xung tiêm thuốc động học. Do đó, nên cân nhắc chỉ định kỹ thuật xâm lấn và chuyên sâu hơn như can thiệp nội mạch lấy máu xoang đá dưới hai bên để định lượng nồng độ ACTH.
NHẬN XÉT MỐI LIÊN QUAN GIỮA ĐẶC ĐIỂM HÌNH ẢNH FDG PET/CT VỚI TÌNH TRẠNG ĐỘT BIẾN GEN EGFR Ở BỆNH NHÂN UNG THƯ PHỔI KHÔNG TẾ BÀO NHỎ GIAI ĐOẠN IV.
Authors: Bùi Văn Đức , Phạm Văn Thái , Bùi Tiến Công
Published: July 2024

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Nhận xét mối liên quan giữa đặc điểm hình ảnh FDG PET/CT với tình trạng đột biến gen EGFR ở bệnh nhân ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ giai đoạn IV.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: 108 bệnh nhân ung thư biểu mô không tế bào nhỏ của phổi giai đoạn IV được chụp FDG PET/CT, xét nghiệm EGFR trước điều trị từ 01/2018 đến 11/2020.
Kết quả: Độ tuổi trung bình 62,1±9,2 (37 - 83), tỷ lệ nam (61,1%) nữ (38,9%), tiền sử hút thuốc lá (39,8%), không hút thuốc lá( 60,2%), giai đoạn IVa (31,5%) và giai đoạn IVb (68,5%) Tỉ lệ đột biến gen EGFR và tỷ lệ không có đột biến tương ứng 52,8% và 47,2% trong đó đột biến exon 19 và exon 21 là cao nhất với tỷ lệ là 31,5% và 18,5%. 48,1% bệnh nhân điều trị hoá trị 35,2% bệnh nhân điều trị đích. Giới, tiền sử hút thuốc, pSUVmax, kích thước u là bốn yếu tố độc lập dự báo đột biến gen EGFR với OR lần lượt là 0,19 (KTC 95%:0,08-0,45; p<0,001); 0,347 (KTC 95%: 0,156-0,770; p=0,009) 0,805 (KTC 95%:0,722-0,899; p<0,001) và 0,782 (KTC 95%:0,645–0,947;p=0,012).
Kết luận: FDG PET/CT có giá trị dự đoán mức độ đột biến EGFR ở bệnh nhân ung thư biểu mô không tế bào nhỏ của phổi.
VAI TRÒ CỦA SINH THIẾT BẰNG KIM LÕI DƯỚI HƯỚNG DẪN SIÊU ÂM TRONG ĐÁNH GIÁ HẠCH CỔ BẤT THƯỜNG
Authors: VU THI HOA , Vũ Thị Thu Lan , Lê Huy Thái , Nguyễn Thị Hằng , Nguyễn Việt Hà
Published: July 2024

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá hiệu quả và các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến kỹ thuật sinh thiết hạch cổ dưới hướng dẫn siêu âm (Ultrasound- guided core needle biopsy– US-CNB).
Đối tượng và phương pháp: nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 201 bệnh nhân có hạch nghi ngờ và đường kính ngang ≥5mm, được US-CNB tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108 từ tháng 01 năm 2022 đến tháng 09 năm 2023.
Kết quả: Trong 201 hạch cổ được US-CNB, hạch di căn chiếm phần lớn với 105 ca (52,2%), u lympho với 32 ca (15,9%), hạch lành tính với 64 ca (31,9%). Mẫu bệnh phẩm đủ điều kiện chẩn đoán và phân týp mô bệnh học với 126 ca (62,6%), nhóm cần làm thêm xét nghiệm là 51 ca (25,4%), nhóm không đủ điều kiện là 7 ca (3,5%) và nhóm phân vân cần mổ là 17 ca (8,5%). Độ nhạy, độ đặc hiệu và độ chính xác của US-CNB lần lượt là 93,4%, 100% và 95,5%. Trong 32 hạch u lympho, chẩn đoán qua US-CNB là 21 ca, còn lại 11 ca cần mổ. Độ chính xác chẩn đoán hạch u lymho bằng US-CNB là 65,6%. Trong nhóm không đủ điều kiện, hạch u lympho chiếm tỷ lệ cao hơn so với hạch di căn và hạch lành tính có ý nghĩa thống kê với p<0,05, còn theo chiều rộng, đặc điểm hoại tử và kích cỡ kim thì sự khác biệt không có ý nghĩa thống kê. Không gặp ca nào có biến chứng nặng sau US-CNB.
Kết luận: US-CNB là một phương pháp chẩn đoán hạch bất thường vùng cổ an toàn, hiệu quả và có độ chính xác cao, ít xâm lấn.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM HÌNH ẢNH SIÊU ÂM ĐIỂM BÁM GÂN Ở BỆNH NHÂN VIÊM CỘT SỐNG DÍNH KHỚP
Authors: Đỗ Thị Nụ , Nguyễn Đình Khoa , Nguyễn Thị Tuyên Trân , Phạm Thy Thiên , Trần Ngọc Hữu Đức , Nguyễn Thu Hương , Nguyễn Thị Tuyết Hằng , Bùi Phú Quang , Lê Thanh Toàn , Trần Thanh Thông , Nguyễn Thị Nhạn , Đỗ Thị Kim Hiền , Trịnh Tý Hon
Published: July 2024

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu đặc điểm hình ảnh siêu âm điểm bám gân ở bệnh nhân viêm cột sống dính khớp (VCSDK) và một số yếu tố liên quan.
Phương pháp: nghiên cứu tiến cứu, mô tả cắt ngang trên 87 bệnh nhân VCSDK tại bệnh viện Chợ Rẫy từ tháng 10/2022 đến tháng 08/2023.
Kết quả:  Trong 522 điểm bám gân ở 87 bệnh nhân VCSDK có 37,9% điểm bám gân có biểu hiện viêm khi khảo sát bằng siêu âm phần mềm. Tỉ lệ số điểm bám gân có hình ảnh viêm trên siêu âm nhưng không có triệu chứng viêm trên lâm sàng là 29,9%. Hình ảnh giảm âm và tăng kích thước gân là hình thái tổn thương thường gặp nhất trên siêu âm, chiếm tỉ lệ 19,9% và 18,3%. Không ghi nhận sự khác biệt về thời gian mắc bệnh trung bình, tỉ lệ có mặt kháng nguyên HLA-B27, sự tăng nồng độ CRP, điểm BASDAI trung bình, điểm ASDAS-CRP trung bình giữa nhóm bệnh nhân có viêm điểm bám gân trên siêu âm so với nhóm không có hình ảnh viêm trên siêu âm.
Kết luận: Siêu âm là công cụ tốt giúp phát hiện và theo dõi tình trạng viêm điểm bám gân ở nhóm bệnh nhân VCSDK. Không ghi nhận mối liên quan giữa các yếu tố thời gian mắc bệnh, sự có mặt của kháng nguyên HLA-B27, sự tăng nồng độ CRP, điểm BASDAI, điểm ASDAS – CRP với tình trạng viêm điểm bám gân trên siêu âm.
Vai trò của chụp cắt lớp vi tính trong đánh giá độ nặng ở bệnh nhân thuyên tắc phổi cấp
Authors: Nguyễn Đoàn Duy Quang , Đỗ Thị Thu Thảo , Trần Thị Mai Thùy , Lê Minh Thắng , Lê Nguyễn Gia Hy
Published: July 2024

Mục tiêu: Mô tả vài đặc điểm hình ảnh chụp CLVT của TTP và đánh giá mối liên hệ giữa các đặc điểm hình ảnh chụp CLVT và khả năng tiên đoán độ nặng ở bệnh nhân TTP.
Đối tượng và phương pháp: 112 TH  TTP được chia thành hai nhóm TTP nguy cơ cao (TTP NCC) và không nguy cơ cao (TTP KNCC), so sánh điểm PESI, các biến số hình ảnh chụp CLVT.
Kết quả: Nhóm TTP NCC có điểm PESI (175,78±39,94), điểm Qanadli (60,56±21,25), tỷ lệ ĐK TP/TT (2,39±0,80) cao hơn  nhóm TTP KNCC với điểm PESI (76,60±25,27), điểm Qanadli (31,75±20,51), tỷ lệ ĐK TP/TT (1,01±0,29), (P < 0,05). Biến số ĐKTP, ĐKTT, bất thường vách liên thất cũng có sự khác biệt giữa hai nhóm (P < 0,05). Các biến số còn lại không có sự khác biệt giữa hai nhóm (P ≥ 0,05). Tỷ lệ ĐK TP/TT tương quan mạnh với điểm Qanadli (r = 0,520) và điểm PESI (r = 0,510), điểm Qanadli tương quan yếu với điểm PESI (r = 0,265). Diện tích dưới đường cong của điểm PESI cao nhất, đạt 0,998 (KTC 95%: 0,992-1,000), điểm cắt là 122,5, tỷ lệ ĐK TP/TT đạt 0,981 (KTC 95%: 0,953-1,000), điểm cắt là 1,339, điểm Qanadli đạt 0,851 (KTC 95%: 0,688-1,000), điểm cắt là 51,339. Tỷ lệ ĐK TP/TT là yếu tố dự báo TTP NCC (P < 0,05).
Kết luận: Hình ảnh chụp CLVT có giá trị trong phân tầng nguy cơ TTP, cùng với điểm PESI.
CA LÂM SÀNG XUNG ĐỘT MẠCH MÁU VỚI THẦN KINH V DO BẤT THƯỜNG PHÁT TRIỂN TĨNH MẠCH: NHÂN MỘT TRƯỜNG HỢP TẠI BỆNH VIỆN HỮU NGHỊ VIỆT ĐỨC
Authors: Nguyễn Nhật Quang , Nguyễn Duy Hùng , Lê Thanh Dũng
Published: July 2024

Bệnh nhân nam 59 tuổi, vào viện vì triệu chứng đau nửa mặt bên trái. Bệnh khởi phát cách đây 5 năm. Trên phim chụp cộng hưởng từ sọ não với chuỗi xung T2W 3D và tiêm thuốc cho thấy hình ảnh cấu trúc bất thường phát triển tĩnh mạch (DVA - Developmental venous anomaly) vị trí cuống tiểu não trái giãn lớn dẫn lưu về xoang đá trên, chèn ép vào đoạn đi ra rễ (REZ- Root exit zone) dây thần kinh. Bệnh nhân được phẫu thuật vi giải ép thần kinh mạch máu (MVD- Microvascular decompression), sau phẫu thuật hiện bệnh nhân gần như không còn triệu chứng, không cần phải dùng thêm thuốc giảm đau. Chúng tôi khuyến cáo chụp cộng hưởng từ thường quy kết hợp chuỗi xung T2W 3D, TOF 3D, T1W 3D sau tiêm Gadolium để phát hiện các nguyên nhân xung đột thần kinh mạch máu.