bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wideband two-process frequency conversion under stimulated Raman adiabatic passage via a continuum of dark intermediate states
Authors: Aashna Pragati , Thyagarajan K.
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid planar-channel waveguide configuration in which the channel waveguide is submerged within the planar region, with an aim to study two simultaneous three-wave mixing processes under stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. In our study, an input frequency is converted to an output frequency lying very close to or very far from the input frequency via an intermediate frequency. This frequency is in the form of a continuum of modes in the planar region, while all other frequencies propagate as guided modes of the channel waveguide. The continuum of modes at the intermediate frequency allows the simultaneous phase matching to be satisfied over a wide range of wavelengths. As a consequence, this leads to a wideband and efficient conversion from the input to the output frequency without any significant power accumulation at the intermediate stage, which is ensured through the counterintuitive and adiabatic variation in the nonlinear coupling strengths.
Frequency comb solutions for driven χ(2) optical microresonators
Authors: Podivilov E. V. , Sturman B. I. , Breunig I.
Published: September 2020

Frequency combs in

χ

(
2
)

optical microresonators caused by cascaded second-order nonlinear processes currently attract great research interest. In contrast to

χ

(
3
)

resonators, two light amplitudes relevant to the first and second harmonics (FH and SH), two dispersion coefficients, and a considerable difference of the FH and SH group velocities (the walk-off) must be taken into account to investigate localized coherent structures (solitons) propagating with a common velocity. Finding such comb solutions taking into account external pumping is a crucial step toward the

χ

(
2
)

combs. We report on two new families of driven soliton-comb solutions for

χ

(
2
)

microresonators. They are strongly localized, corresponding to spectrally broad combs, and possess well-defined FH and SH frequency detunings, propagation velocities, and, generally, nonzero spatial backgrounds.
In-depth comparison of conventional glass cutting technologies with laser-based methods by volumetric scribing using Bessel beam and rear-side machining
Authors: Dudutis Juozas , Pipiras Jokūbas , Stonys Rokas , Daknys Eimantas , Kilikevičius Artūras , Kasparaitis Albinas , Račiukaitis Gediminas , Gečys Paulius
Published: September 2020

With the development of industrial lasers and novel glass processing techniques, which offer high speed, quality and precision, this becomes an attractive alternative to conventional methods, such as mechanical scribing and cleaving, diamond saw and waterjet cutting, commonly used in the industry. However, the emerging techniques lack thorough validation with respect to well-established methods. To this end, we present a detailed comparison of different glass cutting methods, taking into account surface quality, side-wall roughness, residual stresses and flexural strength. In addition, samples were examined after fracture, and the flexural strength was estimated according to the quarter elliptical corner flaws, which were the main reason of glass failure. Two laser glass processing techniques were investigated – the rear-side glass processing with tightly focused nanosecond laser pulses and sub-nanosecond laser volumetric scribing with asymmetrical Bessel beam. Results were compared to mechanical scribing and breaking, diamond saw and waterjet cutting.
Hybrid order Poincaré spheres for Stokes singularities: publisher’s
note
Authors: Arora Gauri , Ruchi  , Senthilkumaran P.
Published: September 2020

This publisher’s note contains corrections to Opt. Lett.
45, 5136 (2020)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.400946.
Direct writing of Cu-based micropatterns inside Cu2O nanosphere films using green femtosecond laser reductive sintering
Authors: Mizoshiri Mizue , Tanokuchi Atsushi
Published: September 2020

Cu-based micropatterns were fabricated using reductive sintering inside Cu2O nanosphere films induced by green femtosecond laser pulses. The linear and nonlinear absorption coefficients of Cu2O nanosphere films composed of Cu2O nanospheres, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 2-propanol were 0.062 × 104 /cm and 10−50 cm/GW, respectively. The minimum line width was the same as the laser spot diameter (∼0.7 µm), indicating negligible thermal diffusion for metallization. Cu-based micropatterns with different heights were formed by varying the position of the focal spot along the z-axis by focusing the laser pulses on the films and then scanning. This technique is applied to three-dimensional microfabrication.
The Use of Quantitative Digital Pathology to Measure Proteoglycan and Glycosaminoglycan Expression and Accumulation in Healthy and Diseased Tissues
Authors: Davis A. Sally , Chang Mary Y. , Brune Jourdan E. , Hallstrand Teal S. , Johnson Brian , Lindhartsen Sarah , Hewitt Stephen M. , Frevert Charles W.
Published: September 2020

Advances in reagents, methodologies, analytic platforms, and tools have resulted in a dramatic transformation of the research pathology laboratory. These advances have increased our ability to efficiently generate substantial volumes of data on the expression and accumulation of mRNA, proteins, carbohydrates, signaling pathways, cells, and structures in healthy and diseased tissues that are objective, quantitative, reproducible, and suitable for statistical analysis. The goal of this review is to identify and present how to acquire the critical information required to measure changes in tissues. Included is a brief overview of two morphometric techniques, image analysis and stereology, and the use of artificial intelligence to classify cells and identify hidden patterns and relationships in digital images. In addition, we explore the importance of preanalytical factors in generating high-quality data. This review focuses on techniques we have used to measure proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, and immune cells in tissues using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to demonstrate the various morphometric techniques. When performed correctly, quantitative digital pathology is a powerful tool that provides unbiased quantitative data that are difficult to obtain with other methods.
The Role of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans in Nervous System Development
Authors: Mencio Caitlin P. , Hussein Rowan K. , Yu Panpan , Geller Herbert M.
Published: September 2020

The orderly development of the nervous system is characterized by phases of cell proliferation and differentiation, neural migration, axonal outgrowth and synapse formation, and stabilization. Each of these processes is a result of the modulation of genetic programs by extracellular cues. In particular, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) have been found to be involved in almost every aspect of this well-orchestrated yet delicate process. The evidence of their involvement is complex, often contradictory, and lacking in mechanistic clarity; however, it remains obvious that CSPGs are key cogs in building a functional brain. This review focuses on current knowledge of the role of CSPGs in each of the major stages of neural development with emphasis on areas requiring further investigation:
Molecular diagnosis and biochemical studies of tick-borne diseases (anaplasmosis and babesiosis) in Aberdeen Angus Cattle in New Valley, Egypt
Authors: Nasreldin Nani , Ewida Rania M. , Hamdon Hatem , Elnaker Yasser F.
Published: September 2020

Background and Aim: Anaplasmosis and babesiosis are tick-borne diseases that threaten livestock production with subsequent considerable economic losses. This study was conducted to diagnose Anaplasma and Babesia infection using molecular techniques in imported Aberdeen Angus cattle imported from Uruguay to El-Kharga Oasis in New Valley, Egypt, and to investigate the effects of disease on some serum biochemical and oxidative stress parameters.

Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 31 cattle, 21 diseased and ten apparently normal, of varying ages and sex. The blood was used for the preparation of blood smears, polymerase chain reaction assay, and separation of serum for biochemical investigation. The experimental production farm at the Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, was infested with ticks and variable clinical manifestations during the period from December 2017 to March 2018. One calf died of a suspected blood parasite infection.

Results: The blood film examination revealed infection by blood parasites in 21 samples. Anaplasma marginale and Babesia bovis were identified in 12 and 14 samples, respectively. A total of 14 samples were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to make these identifications. Biochemical parameters showed significantly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin (T. Bil), and urea in blood from parasite-infected female cattle and male calves compared with controls. Increased serum total protein, globulin, and creatinine were recorded only in infected female cattle. The blood glucose level was significantly decreased in infected female cattle and male calves compared with controls. Furthermore, albumin and albumin/globulin ratio was significantly reduced in the infected female cattle. Oxidative stress profiles of infected animals showed a significant increase in serum nitric oxide and malondialdehyde, and both total antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione (GSH) were significantly reduced in comparison with control animals.

Conclusion: The incidence of A. marginale and B. bovis infection is high in imported Aberdeen Angus cattle in New Valley Province. PCR methods provide a short-term assessment of disease. An extensive epidemiological survey, employing serology together with molecular genetic methods, monitoring of abundance and distribution of tick vectors, availability of vaccination programs, and tracking of animal transport is also needed for control of blood parasites.
Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter coli isolated from broiler farms in the Marrakesh Safi region, Morocco
Authors: Asmai Raja , Karraouan Bouchra , Es-Soucratti Khadija , En-Nassiri Houda , Bouchrif Brahim , Karib Hakim , Triqui Réda
Published: September 2020

Background and Aim: Campylobacteriosis is a common foodborne disease epidemiologically linked to the consumption of poultry products. However, other sources, such as raw or contaminated milk, contaminated water or ice, contact with infected livestock, and pets, are reported. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and resistance to microbial resistance of Campylobacter coliM in broiler farms in the region of Marrakesh Safi, Morocco.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted between May and December 2017 and involved 35 broiler farms. One hundred and five cloacal swabs were collected from the eight provinces in the region of Marrakesh Safi, Morocco. Bacteriology method NM ISO/TS 10272-3: 2013 was used to isolate and identify Campylobacter spp. Molecular identification (polymerase chain reaction) was used for confirmation. A disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar was used for susceptibility testing. Five antibiotic agents, including first-line drugs, were evaluated.

Results: Among 105 samples, 71.4% (75/105) were positive for Campylobacter spp. test and 56% (42/75) of isolates belonged to the species coli. Susceptibility profiles showed that 95.2% of C. coli strains were resistant to ampicillin, 92.8% to erythromycin and tetracycline, 85.7% to ciprofloxacin, and 7.1% to gentamicin.

Conclusion: This study underlines the need to strengthen implementation of specific control procedures to decrease contamination of poultry meat with Campylobacter spp. and to reduce the use of antibiotics in the poultry sector.
Changes in the morphological structure of giant prolactinoma during treatment with cabergoline
Authors: Astafyeva Ludmila I. , Shishkina Lyudmila V. , Kadashev Boris A. , Kalinin Pavel L. , Sidneva Julia G. , Sharipov Oleg I. , Melnichenko Galina A.
Published: September 2020

Currently, cabergoline therapy is the main method of treatment with prolactin. The use of the drug in most cases leads to tumor regression, normalization of prolactin levels and restoration of gonadotropic function. The mechanism of its impact on tumor cells in vivo, which is dynamically traced in the same human tumor, is the case of considerable interest. We observed a 30-year-old patient who was operated on twice for a giant prolactinoma before and on treatment by cabergoline. The morphological study after the first surgery (before introducing of cabergoline therapy) revealed a prolactin-positive pituitary tumor with a Ki-67 labeling index of 8% and with strong expression of dopamine type 2 receptors (D2R), CD31 and CD34. After 4 months, during which the patient received cabergoline at a dose starting from 0.5 mg to 1.5 mg per week, a second transsphenoidal surgery was performed with subtotal removal of residual tumor tissue. During the morphological study of the second biopsy sample, the tumor retained a pronounced immunopositivity to prolactin and D2R, with a decrease in the labeling index Ki-67 to 2%, as well as a decrease in the expression of CD31 and CD34. Subsequent cabergoline therapyresulted in persistent normoprolactinemia, restoration of androgen (and reproductive) status, and no tumor recurrence over a 10-year period on cabergoline treatment. Thus, one of the mechanisms of effect of cabergoline that leads to tumor regression is a decrease in the proliferative index and angiogenesis of the tumor.
Graves’ disease in HIV patient receiving antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Morgunova Tatyana B. , Zorina Anastasia A. , Maloletkina Ekaterina S. , Sytch Yulia P. , Vasileva Ariadna V. , Fadeyev Valentin V.
Published: September 2020

The article focuses on the clinical case of Graves disease in a patient with HIV infection who is receiving antiretroviral therapy. The number of HIV-infected patients has increased significantly in recent decades all over the world. The currently used highly active antiretroviral therapy can significantly improve the prognosis for these patients. However, its use is associated with a number of complications, in particular the development of immune reconstitution syndrome, under which the development of such autoimmune diseases as Graves disease, polymyositis and Guillain-Barre syndrome may occur. Therefore, we would like to draw the attention of doctors to the possibility of such a complication in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Timely diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disorders will help to avoid the complications associated with an excess or deficit of thyroid hormones.
Disorders of sex differentiation: state of the problem 15 years after the Chicago consensus
Authors: Shiryaev Nikolay D. , Kagantsov Ilya M. , Sizonov Vladimir V.
Published: September 2020

It is well known that the nomenclature and classification were changed in 2005 at the international consensus conference on intersex disorders, held in Chicago, where, among others, the following recommendations were proposed: (1) all children should be assigned a gender identity, and this should be done as quickly as possible, taking into account the time required for the examination. (2) all infants with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and 46,XX karyotype, including those with pronounced masculinization, must be raised as women. (3) Surgical treatment should be performed early and in cases of feminizing genitoplasty, clitoral reduction should be performed simultaneously with reconstruction of the urogenital sinus (separation of the vagina and urethra). An analysis of contemporary literature shows that all these theories, proposed 15 years ago at the Chicago meeting, failed to stand the test of time. New nomenclature and classification are constantly being revised. Currently, many groups of patients want to abolish the term sexual maturity disorders. Recommendations regarding gender reassignment and appropriate early surgical treatment have been completely ignored in some countries. All this was largely facilitated by the confrontational activities of a number of support groups.
Erosões e Cristalizações
Authors: Kirschbaum Michal
Published: September 2020

Este artigo versa sobre o trabalho de dois artistas visuais contemporâneos a partir de questões que se esperam relevantes para pensar a fotografia contemporânea. O texto coloca em reflexão dois trabalhos que problematizam a transparência da imagem e do olhar em relação a um referente. O texto parte da obra “Yucatan Mirror Displacements”, de Robert Smithson (EUA, 1938-1973) afim de pensar questões relacionadas a visualidade e percepção sobre o tempo e o espaço e alonga as reflexões ao encontro do trabalho “Killed Negatives (After Walker Evans)”, de Lisa Oppenheim (EUA, 1975). Ao longo do texto se propõem conversas com outros autores como Jacques Derrida, Yves-Lomax, Robert Smithson, Susan Sontag e Jeniffer Roberts.
Transformación del método cartesiano en las ediciones de la geometría de Bernard Lamy
Authors: Bello-Chavez Jhon
Published: September 2020

Este artículo presenta una contribución a la historia de la enseñanza del álgebra, el estudio del método cartesiano de resolución de problemas geométricos en las diferentes ediciones del libro Les Élémens de Géométrie (Lamy, 1685). Este libro de texto circuló en Francia durante casi un siglo, se usó en los colegios de la congregación de los oratorianos y estableció un modelo de enseñanza de la geometría que desarrolló el análisis propuesto en la Géométrie (Descartes, 1637).  Al analizar la sección sobre el método en las ediciones del libro desde 1685 hasta 1756 se evidenció que la enseñanza se focalizó en desarrollar una técnica por medio de reglas para usar el análisis. En cada edición la importancia de los diagramas en la aplicación del método fue disminuyendo y la construcción de la solución de ecuaciones de primer y segundo grado fue perdiendo importancia. Como cartesiano Lamy recurrió al principio de simplicidad de esta filosofía y del método, por lo tanto, usó relaciones entre líneas descritas por medio de la proporcionalidad y la semejanza de triángulos como medio para organizar sus justificaciones.
Mythen der Digitalisierung dekonstruiert
Authors: Frick Vivian , Von Jorck Gerrit , Pohl Johanna , Birkenstock Maren
Published: September 2020

Digitale Technologien gesellschaftlich zu etablieren, scheint zunehmend zur Selbstverständlichkeit zu werden. Denn Digitalisierung gilt häufig a priori als innovativ, dematerialisierend und disruptiv. In diesem Beitrag fordern wir auf, diese gängigen Mythen zu hinterfragen.
Wachstumsunabhängigkeit als Konsensprojekt?
Authors: Loske Reinhard
Published: September 2020

Die Abschwächung der Wachstumszwänge im Kapitalismus ist eine der wichtigsten  Aufgaben  jeder ökologischen Politik. Dafür ist auch eine Verbesserung der Resilienz sozialer Systeme notwendig. Wie muss eine ökonomische Forschungspolitik beschaffen sein, um diese Herausforderung zu meistern?
Nachhaltiger Verkehr schafft wirtschaftliche Chancen
Authors: Kemfert Claudia
Published: September 2020

Der Verkehrssektor ist derzeit für etwa 20 % der Treibhausgasemissionen Deutschlands verantwortlich. Da durch die Energiewende die erneuerbaren Energien im Zentrum des künftigen Energiesystems stehen werden, ist der Ausbau der Elektromobilität der zukünftige Wachstumspfad. Welche Potenziale bieten sich der Branche?
Digitalisierung und Nachhaltigkeit - It takes two to tango
Authors: Sühlmann-Faul Felix
Published: September 2020

Wer führt den Tanz zwischen Gesellschaft und technologischer Entwicklung im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung? Und welche Rolle spielt die Nachhaltigkeit dabei?
Postwachstum und Ressourcenschonung
Authors: Bahn-Walkowiak Bettina , Wilts Henning
Published: September 2020

Eine sich vorrangig auf technologische Innovationen und Entlastungsgewinne stützende Wirtschafts- und Umweltpolitik wird für die dauerhafte Senkung der Ressourcennutzung nicht ausreichen. Es bedarf auch kultureller Veränderungen im Umgang mit Ressourcen und ambitionierter und wegweisender politischer Maßnahmen.
An die Arbeit!
Authors: Bandt Olaf , Klingenburg Konrad
Published: September 2020

Die Welt befindet sich in multiplen Krisen. Der Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland e.V. und der Deutsche Gewerkschaftsbund sind entschlossen, grundsätzliche Fragen unserer  gesellschaftlichen Ordnung neu auszuloten:  Dafür haben Olaf Bandt und Konrad Klingenburg  gemeinsame Statements für einen neuen sozial-ökologisch gerechten Gesellschaftsvertrag  formuliert.
Echter Emissionshandel statt heiteres Preise-Raten
Authors: Lerch Achim
Published: September 2020

Der Verkehrssektor gilt als Sorgenkind der deutschen Klimapolitik, da hier bislang keine maßgeblichen Emissionsreduktionen erzielt werden konnten. Im Klimapaket der Bundesregierung ist daher vorgesehen, den Emissionshandel auf den Verkehr auszuweiten, allerdings zunächst nicht als wirklichen Handel, sondern mit Festpreisen. Ist dieser Ansatz zielführend?
Nachhaltigen Konsum messen
Authors: Steinemann Myriam , Spescha Gina , Bilharz Michael
Published: September 2020

Der private Konsum trägt entscheidend zum Ressourcenverbrauch und den damit verbundenen Umweltbelastungen bei. Die Umweltpolitik scheute sich allerdings bisher, das abstrakte Ziel eines nachhaltigen Konsums zu konkretisieren. Das Instrument der systematischen Marktbeobachtung schließt diese Lücke. Der darauf aufbauende Konsumindikator gibt ein quantifiziertes Ziel für den nachhaltigen Konsum vor.
Marktwirtschaft zwischen Utopie und Wachstumszwang
Authors: Richters Oliver , Siemoneit Andreas
Published: September 2020

Die real existierende Marktwirtschaft unterliegt einem ökonomischen Wachstumszwang, der Umweltpolitik konterkariert. Eine bessere Wirtschaftsordnung, die in erster Linie leistungslose Einkommen verhindern muss, kann ihn überwinden und Ökonomie, Ökologie sowie soziale Gerechtigkeit in Einklang bringen.
Peer-to-Peer-Energiehandel in Micro grids
Authors: Wolf Nicolas , Aust Benjamin
Published: September 2020

Microgrids gelten derzeit als Utopie. Ihr Zweck besteht in der teil- bis vollautarken Energieversorgung innerhalb der zugehörigen Einheiten. Mit Blick auf die Zielstellung involvierter Akteure wird die Konzeptionierung und Betriebsweise eines Microgrids vorgenommen, worin ökologische, ökonomische und technische Überlegungen münden.
THE PERIPHERAL COMPONENT OF ERYTHRON AND CYTOKINE PROFILE IN STUDENTS IN RESPONSE TO EXAMINATION STRESS
Authors: Pavlova V , Mamylina N , Semchenko A , Kamskova Yu , Saraykin D
Published: September 2020

Aim. The article deals with studying the features of the peripheral component of erythron and cytokine profile in the blood of students with different modes of physical activity during psycho-emotional stress associated with exams in distance education. Materials and methods. The study involved 48 students aged 26.13 ± 0.48 years. To assess the concentration of erythron elements, the Cell-Dyne 3700 automated analyzer was used. The content of cytokines in blood serum was determined with the help of the Multiscane Biotech analyzer using reagent kits of the Cytokine company (St. Petersburg). Results. The features of the peripheral component of erythron and the cytokine profile were established in the peripheral blood of distant students. The severity of changes in anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines was determined. The revealed changes can be partially eliminated when aerobic training is included in e-learning programs. Conclusion. The results of the study made it possible to identify dysfunctions of the erythron and cytokine profile in distant students and to show the high efficiency of aerobic training in terms of increasing the hematological and neuroimmune reserve of the body under stress. The effects of aerobic training are considered as an adaptive resource that indirectly affects an optimal balance between the content of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and elements of the erythron in peripheral blood in distant students.
Penanganan Inkompatibilitas Darah pada Wanita Hamil yang Menderita Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik
Authors: Maulydia Maulydia , Rahardjo Eddy
Published: September 2020

Latar Belakang: Lupus eritematosus sistemik (LES) adalah salah satu penyakit auto-imun yang ditandai dengan produksi antibodi terhadap komponen-komponen inti sel.  Kehamilan pada wanita dengan LES dihubungkan dengan meningkatnya risiko bagi ibu dan bayi. Frekuensi kegagalan kehamilan di Amerika Serikat didapat sebesar 43% pada tahun 1960-1965 dan berkurang menjadi 17% pada tahun 2000-2003. RSUD Dr. Soetomo mendapatkan 166 penderita wanita dengan LES di dalam satu tahun (Mei 2003-April 2004). Dari setiap 2000 penderita, ditemukan 1-2 kasus dengan LES.Kasus: Seorang wanita berusia 25 tahun, dengan usia kehamilan 4 minggu datang ke instalasi gawat darurat (IGD) karena adanya perdarahan dari jalan lahir. Dia diketahui mengidap LES dan lupus nefritis sejak tahun 2003. Hasil ultrasonografi (USG) kandungan menunjukkan adanya kematian hasil konsepsi (IUFD). Obat yang rutin diminum adalah metilprednisolon, lansoprazole, asam folat, dan sandimun. Pada pemeriksaan lab didapatkan hemoglobin 5,2 gr/dl, platelet 146.000, albumin 1,56 dan peningkatan APTT. Pasien direncanakan untuk transfusi darah dan albumin. Keesokan harinya, pasien mengalami keguguran dengan plasenta tertinggal disertai dengan penurunan hb menjadi 3,7 gr/dl. Transfusi tertunda oleh karena adanya inkompatibilitas dengan 20 kantung darah. Akhirnya diputuskan untuk melakukan transfusi menggunakan 1 kantung washed erithrocyte dengan major cross match threshold <3. Pada akhirnya Hb berhasil naik menjadi 6.3 g/dl dan plasenta dapat keluar secara spontan.Pembahasan: Terjadinya abortus pada pasien ini dapat disebabkan oleh kehamilan sebelum remisi LES, maupun pengobatan untuk LES yang rutin dikonsumsi. Pada pasien LES yang mengandung, didapatkan peningkatan angka kejadian anemia. Anemia pada pasien ini membutuhkan tranfusi segera, namun karena pada pasien LES yang seringkali mengalami anemia hemolitik, tranfusi tertunda karena hasil cross test yang inkompatible. Keterbatasan biaya menyebabkan pemberian intravenous immunoglobuline tidak dapat dilakukan. Pada akhirnya, tranfusi menggunakan washed erithrocyte dengan major cross match <3 dapat menjadi alternatif pilihan.Kesimpulan: Kehamilan dengan LES dapat sebabkan terjadinya abortus dan anemia berat, sehingga tranfusi menggunakan washed erithrocyte dapat menjadi alternatif terapi yang baik.
Students’ observed engagement in lessons, instructional activities, and learning experiences
Authors: Heemskerk Christina Hubertina Helena Maria , Malmberg Lars-Erik
Published: September 2020

In order to expand previous intraindividual studies of student engagement we investigated students' observed engagement (i.e., on- and off-task behaviour), instructional activities (i.e., teacher-led whole class, individual work, pair-work, student-teacher interaction, assessment, and ”other”), and self-reported learning experiences (cognitive engagement, difficulty, competence, emotional engagement, positive and negative emotions), within lessons during one calendar week. Eighteen fourth and fifth grade target students (Mage=10.1, SD=0.44) were observed every 30 sec during two to four lessons each day for five school days (engagement and instructional activities), on average 66.05 times per lesson (SD=19.16, Range=15-80, nobs=14,994) between 9-18 lessons during a week. Simultaneously, students provided 1-3 electronic questionnaire self-reports per lesson (Mself_report=35.1, SD=12.6, Range=19-52, nself_report=631). We regressed observed engagement (0 = off-task, 1 = on-task) on self-reported learning experiences using 3-level (time-points nested in lessons, nested in students) Bayesian logistic regression models in brms. Observed engagement diminished during lessons, and was predicted by higher cognitive engagement, and instructional activities. As compared to teacher-led instruction, engagement was higher during individual tasks, teacher-supported tasks, and assessments. Overall self-reported and observed engagement within lessons converged, supporting their use in intraindividual research.
Myricetin protects pancreatic β-cells from human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) induced cytotoxicity and restores islet function
Authors: Dubey Richa , Kulkarni Shruti H. , Dantu Sarath Chandra , Panigrahi Rajlaxmi , Sardesai Devika M. , Malik Nikita , Acharya Jhankar D. , Chugh Jeetender , Sharma Shilpy , Kumar Ashutosh
Published: September 2020

The aberrant misfolding and self-assembly of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP)–a hormone that is co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic β-cells–into toxic oligomers, protofibrils and fibrils has been observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The formation of these insoluble aggregates has been linked with the death and dysfunction of β-cells. Therefore, hIAPP aggregation has been identified as a therapeutic target for T2DM management. Several natural products are now being investigated for their potential to inhibit hIAPP aggregation and/or disaggregate preformed aggregates. In this study, we attempt to identify the anti-amyloidogenic potential of Myricetin (MYR)- a polyphenolic flavanoid, commonly found in fruits (like Syzygium cumini). Our results from biophysical studies indicated that MYR supplementation inhibits hIAPP aggregation and disaggregates preformed fibrils into non-toxic species. This protection was accompanied by inhibition of oxidative stress, reduction in lipid peroxidation and the associated membrane damage and restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential in INS-1E cells. MYR supplementation also reversed the loss of functionality in hIAPP exposed pancreatic islets via restoration of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Molecular dynamics simulation studies suggested that MYR molecules interact with the hIAPP pentameric fibril model at the amyloidogenic core region and thus prevents aggregation and distort the fibrils.
Digitalisation in a local food system: Emphasis on Finnish Lapland
Authors: Raheem Dele
Published: September 2020

The positive adoption of digital technology within the food sector can boost sustainable development in Finnish Lapland. There is a need for a food system in the region to respond to current trends from consumers and ensure a better supply of local foods that are processed efficiently with minimal waste. In this article, a review of the literature on the benefits of digitalisation as a tool amongst food processors was carried out. The opportunities offered by digital technology are expected to make local food business operators more transparent, efficient and sustainable. Digitalisation can help to minimise the environmental impacts of food processing and ultimately improve sustainability. In meeting the demand of local consumers, distributed and localised manufacturing will help to add value to local food crops, lower transportation and storage costs. The adoption of food digitalisation will open up market accessibility for the locally produced food products in local communities. In the future, digitalisation is likely to have major impacts in the local food system of the Lapland region.
Do Sibilants Fly? Evidence from a Sound Symbolic Pattern in Pokémon Names
Authors: Kawahara Shigeto , Godoy Mahayana C. , Kumagai Gakuji
Published: September 2020

Ancient writers, including Socrates and the Upanishads, argued that sibilants are associated with the notions of wind, air and sky. From modern perspectives, these statements can be understood as an assertion about sound symbolism, i.e., systematic connections between sounds and meanings. Inspired by these writers, this article reports on an experiment that tests a sound symbolic value of sibilants. The experiment is a case study situated within the Pokémonastics research paradigm, in which the researchers explore the sound symbolic patterns in natural languages using Pokémon names. The current experiment shows that when presented with pairs of a flying-type Pokémon character and a normal-type Pokémon character, Japanese speakers are more likely to associate the flying-type Pokémons with names that contain sibilants than those names that do not contain sibilants. As was pointed out by Socrates, the sound symbolic connection identified in the experiment is likely to be grounded in the articulatory properties of sibilants – the large amount of oral airflow that accompanies the production of sibilants. Various implications of the current experiment for the sound symbolism research are discussed throughout the article.
Toward a Marxist Concept of Community
Authors: Holm Andreas Beck
Published: September 2020

In this paper, it is argued that even though the concept of community does not play a significant role in Marxist theory, Marxism needs a notion of community, and the paper sets out to theorize how to make sense of this concept in a Marxist theoretical setting. The paper claims that Althusser’s philosophy, especially his elaboration of the concept of practice, may assist us in this task, and it sets out to explore what can be gained by redefining community in terms of practice. In Althusser’s theory, practice and ideology are very closely linked. While recognizing the importance of Althusser’s theory of ideology, the paper then subsequently explores an alternative configuration of the concepts community and ideology. Finally, it is claimed that this analysis may help us to better understand ideologies such as racism and nationalism.
Campus Rock
Authors: Carter James
Published: September 2020

During 1967-8, The Lovin’ Spoonful, The Animals, The Who, Richie Havens, Jefferson Airplane and the Iron Butterfly, performed in the gymnasium at the small, liberal arts Drew University in suburban New Jersey. Turns out, this experience was not unique to Drew. College campuses across the country were essential for the growth of popular music, and of rock music in particular in the mid- to late-sixties. The music industry took notice as booking agents, record shops, pop music promoters, radio stations, and industry magazines and newspapers all began to place more emphasis on the opportunities provided by the nation’s colleges.

While we know a great deal about activism on college campuses during the sixties, we know little about that same environment and its relationship to the growth and development of rock culture. This essay will explore the relationship between the growth of rock culture, the college campus, and the broader sixties experience. The college campus proved crucial in the development of rock music as student tastes determined “rock culture.” Folk, pop, soul/R&B, folk rock, hard rock, and psychedelic/acid rock, thrived simultaneously on the college campus from 1967 to 1970, precisely the period of significant change in popular music.
Hip Hop and the University
Authors: Grewal Sara Hakeem
Published: September 2020

While hip hop and the university appear to operate within radically different social (and socioeconomic) spheres, we nevertheless see increasing overlap between the two that demonstrates a mutual interest and perhaps desire between the two. With the rise of hip hop studies on the one hand and a remarkable array of hip hop songs and films that address the university space and/or university education on the other, these two discursive spheres produce knowledges that are both complementary and contradictory. By analyzing several texts—major academic works of hip hop scholarship; films on hip hop and the university, especially Method Man and Redman’s 2001 How High; and the rap oeuvres of Kanye West and J. Cole—this article examines the ways in which the epistemologies of hip hop and the university interact and conflict. By examining these texts, I show that academic epistemologies, or what I term “book knowledge,” inadvertently impose a hierarchical and colonizing frame on rap and hip hop, such as the practice of “close reading” rap as poetry. Instead, I argue that we can learn how to ethically inhabit and transform the university space by drawing from hip hop’s commitment to producing the radical, decolonial, and embodied practices of “street knowledge.”
Sonic Necessity and Compositional Invention in #BluesHop
Authors: Exarchos (aka Stereo Mike) Michail
Published: September 2020

Rap, the musical element of hip hop culture, has depended on the recorded past to shape its birth, present and, potentially, its future. Founded on a sample-based methodology, the style’s perceived authenticity and sonic impact are largely attributed to the use of phonographic records, and the unique conditions offered by composition within a sampling context. Yet, while the dependence on pre-existing recordings challenges traditional notions of authorship, it also results in unavoidable legal and financial implications for sampling composers who, increasingly, seek alternative ways to infuse the sample-based method with authentic content. But what are the challenges inherent in attempting to compose new material—inspired by traditional forms—while adhering to rap’s unique sonic rationale, aesthetics and methodology? How does composing within a stylistic frame rooted in the past (i.e. the Blues) differ under the pursuit of contemporary sonics and methodological preferences (i.e. hip hop’s sample-based process)? And what are the dynamics of this inter-stylistic synthesis? The article argues that in pursuing specific, stylistically determined sonic objectives, sample-based production facilitates an interactive typology of unique conditions for the composition, appropriation, and divergence of traditional musical forms, incubating era-defying genres that leverage the dynamics of this interaction. The musicological inquiry uses (auto)ethnography reflecting on professional creative practice, in order to investigate compositional problematics specific to the applied blues-hop context, theorize on the nature of inter-stylistic composition, and consider the effects of electronic mediation on genre transformation and stylistic morphing.
Effects of drought and temperature on the germination of seeds of Seriphidium transiliense, a desert xerophytic subshrub of Xinjiang, China
Authors: Chen Aiping , Wang Yuxiang , Sui Xiaoqing , Jin Guili , Wang Kun , An Shazhou
Published: September 2020

Global warming has led to changes in rainfall patterns in many regions and it has an increasing impact on the availability of water for plants, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions. Seed germination is the most critical stage in the plant life cycle, it determines whether or
not the population can successfully establish. Here, we assessed the seed germination characteristics of Seriphidium transiliense under six water potentials and four temperature regimes. S. transiliense seeds could germinate from 5/15°C to 20/30°C, while the optimum temperature
regime was 10/20°C. As water potential decreased, the germination percentage, germination index, germination energy, vigour index, plumule length and radicle length increased and then decreased, while mean time to germinate decreased and then increased. The optimum condition for S.
transiliense seed germination was -0.2 MPa at 10/20°C. Some seeds that failed to germinate under drought conditions were transferred to distilled water and recovered germination ability.
BRAF V600E and lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Chen Pan , Pan Liqin , Huang Wensi , Feng Huijuan , Ouyang Wei , Wu Juqing , Wang Jing , Deng Yuying , Luo Jiaxin , Chen Yanying
Published: September 2020

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between the BRAF V600E mutation in lymph node metastasis (LNM) and its invasive characteristics in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).

Material and methods

A total of 373 PTC patients were enrolled in this study conducted at Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University between January 2017 and December 2018. PTCs with cervical lymph node metastases were verified pathohistologically, and primary tumors and LNM were examined for the BRAF V600E mutation. Patients were excluded from the study if the BRAF V600E mutation was examined only in primary tumors or only in LNM.

Results

Of the 373 patients examined, BRAF V600E mutation frequency in primary tumors was slightly higher than in LNM (81.5% vs 78.0%, P = 0.000), the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.865 (95% CI 0.835–0.890). The BRAF V600E mutation in both primary tumor and LNM negatively correlated with the size of the largest metastatic focus of LNM (Odds ratio, OR = 0.297, 95% CI 0.143–0.616, P = 0.001; OR = 0.242, 95% CI 0.119–0.492, P = 0.000, respectively). There was no relationship between BRAF V600E mutation in LNM and the number, extranodal extension or stage of LNM (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The BRAF V600E mutation in LNM may not be related to the invasive characteristics of LNM in PTC.
Modelling and optimization of the last two stages of an environmentally-compatible TCF bleaching sequence
Authors: Llano Tamara , Arce Carlos , Ruiz Gema , Chenna Naveen , Coz Alberto
Published: September 2020

A totally chlorine free (TCF) bleaching sequence was studied for an acid sulfite pulp mill that produces dissolving pulps. Laboratory analyses of the last two bleaching stages, an oxidant-reinforced alkaline extraction stage (EOP), and a subsequent pressurized peroxide with oxygen stage (PO), were performed on a eucalypt pulp that had been delignified by an ozone (Z) stage in the pulp mill. The goal was to predict the optimal costs and operational conditions for the (EOP)(PO) partial bleach sequence for three different specialty pulp products. Four independent variables affecting the pulp quality properties were examined for each stage (i.e., reaction temperature, reaction time, NaOH dosage and H2O2 dosage). The dependent variables were various pulp properties, such as intrinsic pulp viscosity, alpha-cellulose content, kappa number, and GE brightness. Three scenarios were considered to optimize the bleaching process, which related to a regenerated cellulose product (viscose) that is widely commercialized, and to two novel products (nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). Statistical response surface models indicated that the bleaching behavior of the ozone-treated pulp could be represented by second-order polynomial equations. These non-linear optimization models predict cost savings of 62.2%, 73.4%, and 63.3% for producing viscose, NCC, and NFC pulp grades, respectively.
Comet assay study of the genotoxic effect of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in chicken
hepatocytes
Authors: Szabó Rubina Tu¨nde , Kovács-Weber Mária , Erdélyi Márta , Balogh Krisztián , Fazekas Natasa , Horváth Ákos , Mézes Miklós , Kovács Balázs
Published: September 2020

Background and aims

The aim of this study was to verify that the comet assay can be used to
investigate the DNA damaging effects of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in the liver of broiler
chickens. The comet assay is a favorable genotoxic analysis because it is cheap,
simple, and can be used in many organisms and different tissues.

Materials and methods

Male broiler chickens were fed with T-2/HT-2 toxins-contaminated diet for 14
days. The comet assay was successfully adapted to chicken liver cells, and the DNA
damage was determined by a decrease in the comet parameter (DNA % in the tail) in the
experimental groups.

Results

The method of evaluation was found to be critical because DNA damage could not
be detected exactly using the CometScore software, due to inaccurate separation of
head and comet. However, this problem can be solved by visual evaluation.

Conclusion

In the case of the visual evaluation, each toxin-treated group differed
significantly from the control group, indicating that the assay can be useful for the
assessment of primary DNA damage caused by T-2/HT-2 toxins.
Change in Family Therapy
Authors: Muntigl Peter , Horvath Adam O.
Published: September 2020

A fundamental theoretical premise in Structural Family Therapy (SFT) is that changes in individual members and improvements in intra-familial relations are realized by repairing the family structure. Dysfunctional families are conceptualized in terms of individuals taking on inappropriate roles (e.g., children acting as if they were parents) and the boundaries between parental executive levels and the children/sibling level are unclear, too rigid, or highly permeable. The therapist's role is to temporarily engage (join) with family members in a way that generates in-session interactions that exemplify the desirable family structure. While the theory supporting these interventions are well developed, there has been little work done on explicating how such tasks may be interactively accomplished in clinical practice. Drawing from the methods of conversation analysis, our aim for this paper is to show how a master therapist in SFT accomplishes some of these transformations during a single therapy session. We focus on the discursive resources through which the therapist is able to readjust the role relationships between a mother and her daughter (i.e., in such a way that the mother can adopt a more agentive position vis-a-vis her children) and how the therapist's actions indexed core SFT principles of restructuring the family.
Requesting Examples in Psychodiagnostic Interviews
Authors: Spranz-Fogasy Thomas , Graf Eva-Maria , Ehrenthal Johannes C. , Nikendei Christoph
Published: September 2020

As part of a larger research project on understanding change in helping professions, this paper investigates into therapists’ requesting examples and their interactional and sequential contri-bution to clients’ change. Requesting examples by therapists in psychodiagnostic interviews explicitly or implicitly criticize the patient's prior turn as insufficient, i.e. as unclear, vague, or as too general. Such a request opens a retro-sequence (Schegloff 2007) and in the following provides for a description that both helps clarify the semantic vagueness and evinces psychic or relational aspects of the topic at hand. While the patient's insufficient presentation is initi-ated by a prior request of the therapist, the patient's example presentation is regularly fol-lowed by the therapist's summarizing comments or by further requests focusing on the pa-tient's problem. Requesting examples thus are a particular case of requests that follow ‘ex-pandable responses’ as described by Muntigl & Zabala (2008); they follow the same sequential organization, yet, given that they make examples conditionally relevant, they are more specif-ic. With the help of this sequential organization both participants co-construct elements of common knowledge. Such an ‘interplay of understanding’ (Voutilainen & Peräkylä 2014) al-lows the therapist to pursue the overall aim of therapy, i.e. to increase the patients’ awareness of their distorted perceptions, and thus to pave the way for change. The data comprises of 16 videotaped first interviews following the manual of the Operationalized Psychodynamic Di-agnostics (OPD Task Force 2009). It was collected in cooperation with the Clinic for General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatic at the University Clinic of Heidelberg.