bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the Goal-over-Sourcepredominance hypothesis across Noncanonical Spatial Events in Ilami Kurdish
Authors: Karimipour Amir , Sharifi Shahla
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the robustness of Goal Path vs. Source Path in several conceptual domains of Ilami Kurdish including Manner of Motion, Change of Possession, Change of State and Attachment/Detachment events. These events have previously been evaluated by Lakusta and Landau (2005) to further determine if the reported Goal bias in English Canonical Motion Events is also attested in other less canonical events. Following Lakusta and Landau (2005), we will examine these events to see if the observed Goal-over-Source preference in Ilami Kurdish ‘placement and removal’ events (Karimipour and Rezai, 2019), as Canonical Motion Events, is also confirmed in other non-prototypical domains of this variety. To this end, two experiments were performed. In experiment 1, Ilami participants were requested to spontaneously describe a set of video clips after they watched it. In experiment 2, participants were requested to use specific Goal- and Source-oriented verbs (e.g., give vs. get) to describe a new set of video clips. Results reveal that Goal vs. Source asymmetry is a systematic pattern, even when participants are encouraged to use biased verbs to describe the scenes. It is argued that the Goal bias is the result of several interacting factors as fundamental cognitive salience, non-presupposedness and less predictability of Goal information and particularly the lexicalization pattern of Ilami Kurdish. Interacting with other aforementioned factors, the lexicalization pattern of Ilami Kurdish systematically controls the encoding of the Goal component. It appears that this template originates from Canonical Motion Events.
Análisis de los rasgos de recursos florales nativos y su relación con los visitantes florales
Authors:   , Susaeta Hidalgo Ana
Published: November 2024

El uso de especies nativas en la agricultura es crucial para mantener las poblaciones de insectos nativos. Sin embargo, existe conocimiento limitado sobre las relaciones entre los insectos locales y atributos de flora chilena. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar las relaciones entre los atributos morfológicos y fenológicos de doce especies de plantas perennes nativas endémicas del centro de Chile y su interacción con insectos visitantes florales de los órdenes Hymenoptera (abejas, Superfamilia Apoidea), Diptera (suborden Brachycera), Coleoptera y Lepidoptera. Las observaciones fueron realizadas en un vivero de plantas nativas ( Pumahuida, Huechuraba, Región Metropolitana) entre octubre de 2023 y abril de 2024. Las evaluaciones de los rasgos florales incluyeron la reflectancia y morfología de la corola, días en antesis. Se midieron atributos morfológicos de los insectos, incluyendo el ancho de la cabeza y el cuerpo, así como la longitud del cuerpo y la probóscide. Además, se registró la frecuencia y la riqueza de las visitas. Se emplearon Modelos Lineales Generalizados y pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis, para analizar la relación entre los atributos florales y la frecuencia de visitas de insectos. El estudio encontró relaciones significativas entre la abundancia de insectos y algunos atributos morfológicos específicos atraen la visita de insectos a ciertas flores, lo que puede ser utilizado como criterios de selección de plantas con el fin de atraer insectos. Los visitantes florales variaron significativamente con las especies de plantas nativas. Estos hallazgos proporcionan información sobre el uso de la flora nativa chilena para la agricultura sostenible y la conservación.
Portales de la costa: cementerios en un borde costero fracturado
Authors:   , Pérez Achurra Vicente Andrés
Published: November 2024

Esta tesis explora la relación arquitectónica y urbana entre los cementerios
de borde-mar y la fracturación del borde en Chile, enfocándose en cinco casos de
estudio: Playa Ancha, Tomé, Dalcahue, Las Cruces y Zapallar. Estos cementerios
ubicados en entornos costeros dinámicos se enfrentan como espacios
marginalizados y atemporales frente al proceso de fracturación del borde costero
producto del desarrollo inmobiliario. El estudio analiza críticamente cada
cementerio en base a su relación con la trama urbana circundante, los tipos de
cierres, el rol de la vegetación y la posible conexión con paseos costeros.La
investigación revela una diversidad significativa en cuanto a las maneras en que
estos cementerios negocian su emplazamiento costero. Algunos, como Playa Ancha y
Tomé, se imponen como grandes bloques urbanos que interrumpen la relación
directa con el borde costero, mientras que otros, como Zapallar, logran una
integración más armoniosa con su entorno, presentando permeabilidad visual y
conexiones formales con los paseos costeros.Los cementerios de borde-mar tienen
potencial para integrarse en la primera línea de borde, tanto como espacios de
memoria y rito, como también elementos que contribuyen a la sostenibilidad
urbana y ecológica. La tesis argumenta que repensar la implantación de estos
cementerios y su integración con los paisajes públicos costeros podría permitir
un uso alternativo frente a la ocupación inmobiliaria del borde costero,
transformándolos en espacios públicos significativos que favorezcan tanto la
vida urbana como la ecológica.
Consideraciones estilísticas para estudiar e interpretar el Concierto para violoncello no. 2 en Re Mayor de Joseph Haydn
Authors:   , Martínez Carrasco Francisco Javier
Published: November 2024

Las consideraciones vertidas en la tesis pretenden entregar los elementos esenciales para poder trabajar el repertorio del periodo clásico, ejemplificado a través del concierto de Haydn en Re mayor, debido a que es una obra fundamental para los violoncellistas de Chile y el mundo, teniendo en consideración que esta obra es el colador por excelencia para cualquier puesto orquestal a nivel mundial.
Modeling the Risk Factors of Miscarriage Using Censored Quantile Regression in Kenyan Cohort
Authors: Chibayi John Olives
Published: November 2024

Background: Numerous researches have been undertaken to delineate the significant risk factors linked to miscarriage. The etiology of miscarriage has presented challenges in its elucidation, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the elements that are linked to this phenomenon. The examination of these aspects has been conducted utilizing diverse methodological techniques and analytical procedures. The Cox's proportional hazards model and the accelerated failure time models are commonly utilized in the field of survival analysis. While these models provide a certain level of flexibility, they do not allow for the differentiation of predictor indicators between high-risk and low-risk subpopulations. In contrast, quantile regression allows for the assessment of separate effects of covariates at different quantiles of the conditional distribution of miscarriage.
Objective: This study assessed the risk factors for miscarriage using the censored quantile regression model and compared the results to that of Cox proportional hazard model.
Methodology: A secondary data from 6077 records of pregnant women with recognized pregnancy and enrolled in the pre-natal care in Kakamega County General Teaching and Referral Hospital (KCGTRH) in Kakamega county, western Kenya during the period from 1 January, 2019 up to 31 October, 2020 were recruited into the study. The study used chi-squared tests for descriptive analysis. Cox proportional hazards and censored quantile regression were used for modeling. Analysis was done using the R package and 5% was the level of significance.
Results: Censored quantile regressions were conducted to estimate the parameters for the quantiles, \(\tau\) = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2. The results showed that ethnicity had a positive effect and was statistically significant at \(\tau\) = 0.1 (p = 0.0023) and number of previous stillbirths had a negative effect and was significant at \(\tau\) = 0.15 (p = 0.032) and at \(\tau\) = 0.2 (p = 0.036).
Graphical comparison of censored quantile model effects to that of cox PH model revealed that the variables; prior miscarriages, prior stillbirths, place of residence, and number of ANC visits have a statistically significant adverse effect on the survival time of miscarriages in the initial phases of pregnancy, contrary to cox PH model.
Conclusion: No variable had a statistically significant influence across all quantiles. The results depicts that at a certain moment in the monitoring procedure, they will have a significant impact on the length of survival for miscarriages. A quantile regression model have the capacity to incorporate cross-over effects, whereby the influence of a covariate can manifest as either positive or negative. In contrast, Cox estimates do not allow for the potential scenario when a covariate initially increases the hazard for a specific time period and subsequently decreases it.
Effect of Incorporating Fish Protein Hydrolysate into Pasta: Impact on Protein Digestibility, Starch Digestibility, Amino Acid, and Fatty Acid Profiles
Authors: Laishram Martina , Pathan Dabir , Pawase Anil , Wasave Suhas , Pagarkar Asif , Sharangdher Shrikant , Koli Jayappa , Sawant Saiprasad , Vishawasrao Vinayak , Parmar Bhavik , Desai Ajay
Published: November 2024

The incorporation of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) with the concentration of 5, 10, 15 and 20% prepared from fish waste using 1% pepsin enzyme was found beneficial in semolina-based pasta. The In-vitro protein and starch digestibility of the FPH incorporated pasta were studied. Besides, amino acid and fatty acid composition of the pasta were also evaluated. The protein digestibility of the pasta was in the range of 80.32% to 83.76% and digestibility curve was generated by plotting the pH and time. The value of sugar released at 20 min, 60 min and 120 min was recorded and a graph was developed showing readily digestible starch (RDS) and slowly digestible starch (SDS). The pasta's diverse amino acid profile, including 8 essentials and 9 non-essentials, alongside saturated fats at 39.93%-44.65% and PUFA at 12.49%-16.27%, collectively define its nutritional quality.
Advancing Horticulture: The Role of Marker-Assisted Breeding in Crop Improvement
Authors: R Tejaswini , Ranjithkumar Gangishetti , H D Varsha , Kale Tanhaji Shivaji , Kumar Avdhesh , Keerthana S. , Karthikeyan M. , M Shankar
Published: November 2024

Marker-assisted breeding (MAB) is revolutionizing the cultivation of horticultural crops by enabling more accurate genetic selection of desired traits. Unlike traditional breeding methods, which depend heavily on selecting traits based on visible characteristics, a process often hindered by complex inheritance patterns and environmental influences, MAB uses molecular markers tied to specific genes. This allows breeders to more efficiently identify and choose plants with the desired genetic features. MAB has significantly accelerated the breeding process for crops with traits like disease resistance, higher yields, and enhanced nutritional and visual qualities. It also reduces the time needed for breeding cycles; while traditional methods may require multiple generations to achieve desired traits, MAB can confirm the presence of beneficial genes early, speeding up the development of improved varieties. This is particularly crucial in addressing challenges like climate change, where crops must quickly adapt to stressors such as drought, salinity, and temperature fluctuations. In essence, MAB represents a major advancement in horticultural crop development, increasing the precision and efficiency of breeding efforts. It also plays a vital role in creating crops suited to specific environmental and market needs, while helping tackle global issues like food security, climate change resilience, and sustainable farming. MAB positions horticulture to better meet evolving consumer expectations and agricultural demands.
Adamantinoma-like Ewing Sarcoma: A Report of Two Rare Cases in the Pancreatic Tail and Spine
Authors: Barodawala Shaikhali , Soneta Gayatri , Chadha Kirti , Pradhan Gauri , Parab Pooja , Ramchandran Shibani
Published: November 2024

Adamantinoma-like Ewing sarcoma (ALES), an extremely rare variant of Ewings sarcoma occurs primarily in the head and neck sites. ALES is characterized by basaloid cytomorphology, immunohistochemically expresses keratins, p63, p40, CD99, and harbors t (11; 22) EWSR1::FLI1 translocation on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The current case report discusses two cases of ALES, one in the pancreatic tail of a 64-year-old male and the second in the lumbar spine of an 18 yr old male. The IHC for both cases showed similar picture, confirming ALES through Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which indicated EWSR1 gene rearrangement. ALES being relatively rare and aggressive, diagnosis and the treatment poses significant challenges. Diagnosis relies on morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings. The diagnostic findings helped in establishing a diagnosis of sarcoma which could have easily been misdiagnosed as a carcinoma,thus aiding appropriate selection of therapeutic strategies. Due to its rarity, further research is necessary to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes.
Comparative Analysis of Gene Networks in Humans and Model Organisms for Aging Studies
Authors: Gopal Muthuselvi , Anand Daniel Alex
Published: November 2024

Aging is the cause of the loss of vitality on a day-to-day basis, a risk factor for developing chronic diseases and ultimately leading to death. This inevitable biological process is yet to be completely understood. A hypothesis states that manipulation of aging process can enable maintain physiological function and perhaps prevents age related diseases. Currently, model organisms are being used in the investigation of the genetic and molecular mechanism of the aging process. In this study, the adequacy of the major model system, the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and the rodent mouse (Mus musculus), was analyzed using Jepetto software through comparison of all the genomes of the model organisms with all the genomes of human genome by network statistics of string interactions. The software mapped the gene set of humans and the two model organisms on an interaction network and computed the gene properties by network density, centrality nodes and clustering coefficient. Of all three genomes, the human gene network is the largest and dense with the highest number of neighbors. On the other hand, the mouse and drosophila network are relatively smaller and in terms of density, the former is less dense, and the latter is sparse. The average number of neighbors of both model organisms are similar and approximately 25% of the human network. In the distance/shortest path length between the nodes, there was a decreasing order of connectivity in drosophila to mouse to human. The node with the path length 2 exhibited the highest frequency in all the organisms. In between centrality distribution, the nodes of the human network were observed to be closer. On comparison, mouse network is closer while the drosophila network is widely spread. The information spread between the nodes is measured by the closeness centrality distribution plot and the human network found to have highest closeness centrality than the other two species. Neighborhood connectivity distribution. The network clustering coefficient of genes of drosophila was much more widespread than the other two species.
Linguistic Imperialism
Authors: Phillipson Robert
Published: December 2018

The study of linguistic imperialism entails analyzing the policies by which dominant languages, nationally and internationally, have been consolidated and what the consequences are for other languages. The presence of European languages worldwide reflects language policy as a key dimension of colonial empires—Anglo‐American, French, Portuguese, Russian, and Spanish—both in countries where Europeans settled and in exploitation colonies. This entry presents the key constituents of linguistic imperialism together with some critiques of it. It gives examples of the way English was promoted in the UK and USA and how European languages were exported and consolidated worldwide, showing the devastating consequences for other cultures and languages. In the postcolonial age, the pedagogy promoted by the UK, the USA, and the World Bank for the learning of English was founded on five fallacies: the monolingual fallacy, the native speaker fallacy, the early start fallacy, the maximum exposure fallacy, and the subtractive fallacy. Elite formation in the age of globalization and neoliberalism also takes place in monolingual “international” schools, which are spreading worldwide. The ways in which English is privileged in education systems, and discourses justifying it, need critical scrutiny, as do the language policies of the European Union. Policies that strengthen linguistic diversity are needed to counteract linguistic imperialism. There are many places where linguistic imperialism is in full force, such as in Turkey and China.
Pragmatic Transfer
Authors: Bou‐Franch Patricia , Clavel‐Arroitia Begoña
Published: December 2018

This entry deals with pragmatic transfer, the influence among the language(s)/culture(s) known to an individual at the level of pragmatic knowledge in the context of language learning and communication. After briefly tracing the origins and development of this area of study, which lies at the intersection of second language acquisition and pragmatics, we explain the distinction between pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic transfer. Then we consider two main approaches to pragmatic transfer, namely interlanguage pragmatics, which is closely tied to speech act realization studies, and the cognitive‐pragmatic perspective that draws on notions of multicompetence. We discuss studies that consider transfer in terms of the influence of the L1 on the development and use of an L2, and research that underlines the influence of the L2 on the L1, underscoring the bidirectionality of this phenomenon. Multilingualism is an area of increasing interest in studies on pragmatic transfer, as are factors affecting pragmatic transfer such as speakers' proficiency level, perceived cultural distance, willingness to assume L2 sociocultural values, length of stay in the L2 community, and exposure to the target language. Recent research examines new types of data (digital communication) and brings into the picture new theoretical and methodological frameworks (e.g., conversation analysis or relevance theory).
Silver Bismuth Sulfoiodide Solar Cells: Tuning Optoelectronic Properties by Sulfide Modification for Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Pai Narendra , Lu Jianfeng , Gengenbach Thomas R. , Seeber Aaron , Chesman Anthony S. R. , Jiang Liangcong , Senevirathna Dimuthu C. , Andrews Philip C. , Bach Udo , Cheng Yi‐Bing , Simonov Alexandr N.
Published: December 2018

Silver bismuth iodides (AgaBibIa+3b) are nontoxic and comparatively cheap photovoltaic materials, but their wide bandgaps and downshifted valence band edges limit their performance as light absorbers in solar cells. Herein, a strategy is introduced to tune the optoelectronic properties of AgaBibIa+3b by partial anionic substitution with the sulfide dianion. A consistent narrowing of the bandgap by 0.1 eV and an upshift of the valence band edge by 0.1–0.3 eV upon modification with sulfide are demonstrated for AgBiI4, Ag2BiI5, Ag3BiI6, and AgBi2I7 compositions. Solar cells based on silver bismuth sulfoiodides embedded into a mesoporous TiO2 electron‐transporting scaffold, and a poly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)amine] hole‐transporting layer significantly outperform devices based on sulfide‐free materials, mainly due to enhancements in the photocurrent by up to 48%. A power conversion efficiency of 5.44 ± 0.07% (Jsc = 14.6 ± 0.1 mA cm−2; Voc = 569 ± 3 mV; fill factor = 65.7 ± 0.3%) under 1 sun irradiation and stability under ambient conditions for over a month are demonstrated. The results reported herein indicate that further improvements should be possible with this new class of photovoltaic materials upon advances in the synthetic procedures and an increase in the level of sulfide anionic substitution.
Cognitive and Pathological Influences of Tau Pathology in Lewy Body Disorders
Authors: Coughlin David , Xie Sharon X. , Liang Mendy , Williams Andrew , Peterson Claire , Weintraub Daniel , McMillan Corey T. , Wolk David A. , Akhtar Rizwan S. , Hurtig Howard I. , Branch Coslett H. , Hamilton Roy H. , Siderowf Andrew D. , Duda John E. , Rascovsky Katya , Lee Edward B. , Lee Virginia M.‐Y. , Grossman Murray , Trojanowski John Q. , Irwin David J.
Published: December 2018

Objective

To use digital histology in a large autopsy cohort of Lewy body disorder (LBD) patients with dementia to test the hypotheses that co‐occurring Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology impacts the anatomic distribution of α‐synuclein (SYN) pathology and that co‐occurring neocortical tau pathology in LBDs associates with worse cognitive performance and occurs in a pattern differing from AD.

Methods

Fifty‐five autopsy‐confirmed LBD (Parkinson disease with dementia, n = 36; dementia with Lewy bodies, n = 19) patients and 25 AD patients were studied. LBD patients were categorized as having moderate/severe AD copathology (SYN + AD = 20) or little/no AD copathology (SYN−AD = 35). Digital measures of tau, β‐amyloid (Aβ), and SYN histopathology in neocortical and subcortical/limbic regions were compared between groups and related to antemortem cognitive testing.

Results

SYN burden was higher in SYN + AD than SYN−AD in each neocortical region (F1, 54 = 5.6–6.0, p < 0.02) but was equivalent in entorhinal cortex and putamen (F1, 43–49 = 0.7–1.7, p > 0.2). SYN + AD performed worse than SYN−AD on a temporal lobe–mediated naming task (t27 = 2.1, p = 0.04). Antemortem cognitive test scores inversely correlated with tau burden (r = −0.39 to −0.68, p < 0.05). AD had higher tau than SYN + AD in all regions (F1, 43 = 12.8–97.2, p < 0.001); however, SYN + AD had a greater proportion of tau in the temporal neocortex than AD (t41 = 2.0, p < 0.05), whereas AD had a greater proportion of tau in the frontal neocortex than SYN + AD (t41 = 3.3, p < 0.002). SYN + AD had similar severity and distribution of neocortical Aβ compared to AD (F1, 40–43 = 1.6–2.0, p > 0.1).

Interpretation

LBD patients with AD copathology harbor greater neocortical SYN pathology. Regional tau pathology relates to cognitive performance in LBD dementia, and its distribution may diverge from pure AD. Tau copathology contributes uniquely to the heterogeneity of cognitive impairment in LBD. Ann Neurol 2018; 1–13 ANN NEUROL 2019;85:259–271.
Genotype, extrapyramidal features, and severity of variant ataxia‐telangiectasia
Authors: Schon Katherine , van Os Nienke J.H. , Oscroft Nicholas , Baxendale Helen , Scoffings Daniel , Ray Julian , Suri Mohnish , Whitehouse William P. , Mehta Puja R. , Everett Natasha , Bottolo Leonardo , van de Warrenburg Bart P. , Byrd Philip J. , Weemaes Corry , Willemsen Michel A. , Tischkowitz Marc , Taylor A. Malcolm , Hensiek Anke E.
Published: December 2018

Objective

Variant ataxia‐telangiectasia is caused by mutations that allow some retained ataxia telangiectasia‐mutated (ATM) kinase activity. Here, we describe the clinical features of the largest established cohort of individuals with variant ataxia‐telangiectasia and explore genotype‐phenotype correlations.

Methods

Cross‐sectional data were collected retrospectively. Patients were classified as variant ataxia‐telangiectasia based on retained ATM kinase activity.

Results

The study includes 57 individuals. Mean age at assessment was 37.5 years. Most had their first symptoms by age 10 (81%). There was a diagnostic delay of more than 10 years in 68% and more than 20 years in one third of probands. Disease severity was mild in one third of patients, and 43% were still ambulant 20 years after disease onset. Only one third had predominant ataxia, and 18% had a pure extrapyramidal presentation. Individuals with extrapyramidal presentations had milder neurological disease severity. There were no significant respiratory or immunological complications, but 25% of individuals had a history of malignancy. Missense mutations were associated with milder neurological disease severity, but with a higher risk of malignancy, compared to leaky splice site mutations.

Interpretation

Individuals with variant ataxia‐telangiectasia require malignancy surveillance and tailored management. However, our data suggest the condition may sometimes be mis‐ or underdiagnosed because of atypical features, including exclusive extrapyramidal symptoms, normal eye movements, and normal alpha‐fetoprotein levels in some individuals. Missense mutations are associated with milder neurological presentations, but a particularly high malignancy risk, and it is important for clinicians to be aware of these phenotypes. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:170–180.
Pothole‐rich Ultrathin WO3 Nanosheets that Trigger N≡N Bond Activation of Nitrogen for Direct Nitrate Photosynthesis
Authors: Liu Youwen , Cheng Ming , He Zhihai , Gu Bingchuan , Xiao Chong , Zhou Tengfei , Guo Zaiping , Liu Jiandang , He Haiyan , Ye Bangjiao , Pan Bicai , Xie Yi
Published: December 2018

Nitrate is a raw ingredient for the production of fertilizer, gunpowder, and explosives. Developing an alternative approach to activate the N≡N bond of naturally abundant nitrogen to form nitrate under ambient conditions will be of importance. Herein, pothole‐rich WO3 was used to catalyse the activation of N≡N covalent triple bonds for the direct nitrate synthesis at room temperature. The pothole‐rich structure endues the WO3 nanosheet more dangling bonds and more easily excited high momentum electrons, which overcome the two major bottlenecks in N≡N bond activation, that is, poor binding of N2 to catalytic materials and the high energy involved in this reaction. The average rate of nitrate production is as high as 1.92 mg g−1 h−1 under ambient conditions, without any sacrificial agent or precious‐metal co‐catalysts. More generally, the concepts will initiate a new pathway for triggering inert catalytic reactions.
A Cross‐linked Conjugated Polymer Photosensitizer Enables Efficient Sunlight‐Induced Photooxidation
Authors: Wu Wenbo , Xu Shidang , Qi Guobin , Zhu Han , Hu Fang , Liu Zitong , Zhang Deqing , Liu Bin
Published: December 2018

Photooxidation under sunlight has potential in organic synthesis, bacterial killing, and organic waste treatment. Photosensitizers (PSs) can play an important role in this process. High 1O2 generation efficiency and excellent photostability under sunlight, as well as easy recyclability are ideal properties for PSs, but are not easy to achieve simultaneously. Herein, a pure organic porous conjugated polymer PS, CPTF, shows great photostability, large specific surface area, and high 1O2 generation efficiency under sunlight for photooxidation. For the oxidation of aromatic aldehyde to aromatic acid, the PS catalyst shows excellent recyclability, and enables solvent‐free reactions in high yields both under direct sunlight and simulated AM 1.5G irradiation. In addition, the successful application of CPTF as an antibacterial agent and organic waste decomposition under simulated AM 1.5G irradiation indicates the potential of CPTF in sunlight‐induced waste water treatment.
Electrochemical Hydrogenation with Gaseous Ammonia
Authors: Li Jin , He Lingfeng , Liu Xu , Cheng Xu , Li Guigen
Published: December 2018

As a carbon‐free and sustainable fuel, ammonia serves as high‐energy‐density hydrogen‐storage material. It is important to develop new reactions able to utilize ammonia as a hydrogen source directly. Herein, we report an electrochemical hydrogenation of alkenes, alkynes, and ketones using ammonia as the hydrogen source and carbon electrodes. A variety of heterocycles and functional groups, including for example sulfide, benzyl, benzyl carbamate, and allyl carbamate were well tolerated. Fast stepwise electron transfer and proton transfer processes were proposed to account for the transformation.
PEG‐DIL‐based MnCl42−: A novel phase transfer catalyst for nucleophilic substitution reactions of benzyl halides
Authors: Goodajdar Bijan Mombeni , Akbari Farideh , Davarpanah Jamal
Published: December 2018

Poly(ethylene glycol) dicationic ionic liquid‐based MnCl42− was prepared by nucleophilic substitution of poly(ethylene glycol) dichloride with methylimidazole followed by reaction with MnCl2. The structural properties of the catalyst were systematically investigated using Fourier transform infrared, UV–visible and Raman spectra and thermogravimetric analysis. The application of this catalyst allows the synthesis of a variety of benzyl thiocyanates and azides in high yield under reflux conditions in water. The main advantages of this method are its easy nature, rapidity, environmental benignity and high yields.
Is the SYNTAX Score II applicable in all percutaneous coronary intervention patients?
Authors: Gao Guofeng , Zhao Yanyan , Zhang Dong , He Yuan , Song Chenxi , Zhu Chenggang , Guan Changdong , Xu Bo , Yin Dong , Dou Kefei
Published: December 2018

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the risk stratification value of the SYNTAX Score II (SS II) in consecutive PCI patients and to analyze whether the predictive ability of SS II was consistent in patients with complex and non‐complex coronary artery disease.

Background

SS II was designed for patients with complex coronary artery disease and has been validated by a number of studies in such patients.

Methods

The SS II for PCI was assessed in 10,072 consecutive patients who underwent PCI in Fuwai Hospital from January to December 2013. The patients were stratified according to SS II tertiles and divided into two subgroups: one‐vessel or two‐vessel disease (1 or 2VD) group (n = 5,709) and left main (LM) and/or three‐vessel disease (3VD) group (n = 4,363). The endpoint was 30‐month all‐cause death following PCI procedure.

Results

The high SS II group showed significantly higher 30‐month mortality. Multivariate analyses showed that in the all‐patients cohort and the two subgroups, SS II was an independent predictor of 30‐month mortality (P < 0.0001). Based on receiver operating characteristic curves analysis, SS II showed moderate discrimination ability for 30‐month mortality (C‐statistics = 0.68, Hosmer–Lemeshow test P value >.05) and appeared to have better discrimination ability in the LM and/or 3VD subgroup (C‐statistics = 0.631 vs. 0.722 for 1 or 2VD and LM and/or 3VD subgroups).

Conclusions

SS II was able to risk‐stratify patients and predict 30‐month mortality in all PCI patients. The discrimination ability of SS II appeared to be better in the LM and/or 3VD subgroup.
In Celebration of the International Year of the Periodic Table 2019
Authors: Beardsworth Stuart J. , Lyashenko Ganna , Novara Francesca R. , Ross Haymo
Published: December 2018

The cover of this issue is directly from the Editorial Team at Chemistry – A European Journal. The image depicts a journal vision for an international Chemistree Journalis, a rare and unique species of elemental value, designed in celebration of the International Year of the Periodic Table. Find out more information in the Editorial by H. Ross 10.1002/chem.201806058.
The current role of clinical flow cytometry in the evaluation of mature B‐cell neoplasms
Authors: Seegmiller Adam C. , Hsi Eric D. , Craig Fiona E.
Published: December 2018

Flow cytometry (FC) has a well‐established role in the diagnostic evaluation of mature B‐cell neoplasms. Effective assessment for lineage associated antigens, aberrant antigen expression, and immunoglobulin light chain restriction requires a well‐designed, optimized, and controlled FC assay. However, it is important for hematopathologists to know when flow cytometry has a more limited role, and other modalities, such as immunohistochemistry, cytogenetic and molecular testing, are more important. This review will discuss the features of an optimal FC assay for the evaluation of mature B‐cell neoplasms, and the current role of FC in the diagnosis and sub‐classification, prognostic assessment, identification of therapeutic targets, and assessment for disease response to therapy. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Dinuclear CuI and AgI Pyrazolates Supported with Tertiary Phosphines: Synthesis, Structures, and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Titov Aleksei A. , Filippov Oleg A. , Smol'yakov Alexander F. , Baranova Kristina F. , Titova Ekaterina M. , Averin Aleksey A. , Shubina Elena S.
Published: December 2018

New dinuclear silver(I) and copper(I) 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolate compounds were prepared by the reaction of the corresponding trinuclear metal complexes with tertiary phosphines (PPh3, PCy3). In the case of copper(I) trinuclear pyrazolate it was shown that the product structure depends on the reagent ratio: mono‐ and dinuclear complexes were obtained. All the dinuclear complexes obtained exhibit light emission in the solid state under UV irradiation. The observed photoluminescence behavior was confirmed by the TD‐DFT study.
Formic Acid Dehydrogenation by Ruthenium Catalyst – Computational and Kinetic Analysis with the Energy Span Model
Authors: Frenklah Alexander , Treigerman Ziv , Sasson Yoel , Kozuch Sebastian
Published: December 2018

The ruthenium (cis‐RuCl2(DPPM)2) based catalytic dehydrogenation reaction of formic acid in the presence of an amine base in a biphasic system experimentally tested by Treigerman and Sasson (ChemistrySelect 2017, 2, 5816) was studied computationally to ascertain its mechanism. The energy span model was applied on the double‐hybrid DFT computed energy profile to comprehend its kinetics. The catalytic network includes three possible interconnected cycles depending on the ancillary ligands, going through decarboxylation, protonation and H2 release. The dihydride cycle proves to be the most efficient after pre‐activation steps coming from the other cycles. The turnover frequency (TOF) determining intermediate (TDI) is the formatohydride species, while the TOF determining transition state (TDTS) corresponds to a formate decarboxylation. Herein we include the effect of reactants concentrations to the energy span model, which proved to be essential to comprehend the experimental ESI‐MS results and to propose a more accurate mechanism.
Stereoselective One‐Pot Synthesis of cis‐1,2‐Dicyanoalkenes from 1,1‐Bis(benzenesulfonyl)alkenes and KCN
Authors: Zhang Yue , Wei Yi , Li Shen , Ma Jun‐An
Published: December 2018

An efficient synthesis of cis‐1,2‐dicyanoalkenes by the reaction of 1,1‐bis(benzenesulfonyl)alkenes with KCN was developed. This reaction was conducted in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide and NH4Cl/K3PO4 under phase‐transfer conditions. A series of cis‐1,2‐dicyanoalkenes were obtained in good to high yields. Further transformation of the obtained product allows for access to imide and dicarboxylic acid compounds.
Efficiency of may flower seed carbon to uptake Fe (II) from aqueous solution: Kinetic and isotherm studies
Authors: Shanmughaprabha P. , Sasireka S. , Sabarathinam S. , Selvakumari G.
Published: December 2018

This study dealt with preparation and efficient utilization of may flower seed carbon (MFSC) to adsorb Fe (II) from aqueous solution. Batch experiments were conducted to analyze the impact of adsorption parameters viz, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose and pH on adsorption process. The results revealed that iron removal increased gradually up to a maximum of 99.52% and removal attains maximum at 80 min. Complete removal of Fe (II) was observed at a dosage of 100 mg/50 mL of pH 6 and 80 min contact time. Experimental data were fitted with Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin –Radushkevich (D‐R) isotherm models and was observed to be better explained by Langmuir adsorption model. The monolayer adsorption was 49.75 mg g−1 of Fe (II) on MFSC and the adsorption process followed Pseudo second order kinetics; regeneration of carbon was possible with 0.3 M HCl. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: S243–S249, 2019
Market openness and market quality in gold markets
Authors: Xu Caihong , Zhang Dong
Published: December 2018

This paper studies the impact of market openness on market quality in gold markets, by investigating the openness event that occurred when the Shanghai Gold Exchange (SGE) launched an international board (SGEI) for foreign investors in China. Investors prefer to trade on the SGE than the SGEI, probably due to the SGE’s higher liquidity. In addition, using the New York Mercantile Exchange (COMEX) gold futures as the benchmark, we show the SGE experiences a significant increase in liquidity without a concomitant increase in volatility. Moreover, the SGE’s contribution to international gold price discovery increases after the openness event.
The formation of forward freight agreement rates in dry bulk shipping: Spot rates, risk premia, and heterogeneous expectations
Authors: Moutzouris Ioannis C. , Nomikos Nikos K.
Published: December 2018

We examine the formation of forward rates in the dry bulk shipping industry. We illustrate that the bulk of basis volatility can be attributed to expectations about future physical market conditions rather than expectations about future risk premia. However, there exists significant predictability of risk premia by both price‐based signals and economic variables. To explain this finding, we develop a dynamic asset pricing framework where, apart from having different objective functions, agents might also differ in the way they form expectations about future market conditions. Accordingly, we argue that the average investor should hold “near‐rational” but slightly contrarian beliefs.
Natural Gas Improves Economic Feasibility of Hybrid Distributed Energy Systems
Authors: Lilienthal Peter
Published: December 2018

Facing concerns over climate change, energy security, and local air pollution, state governments have moved increasingly over the past few decades to “decarbonize, decentralize, and diversify” the electricity‐generation sector.
Decrease in Fly Ash Spurring Innovation Within Construction Materials Industry
Authors: Gray Danny L.
Published: December 2018

In recent years, the total electricity generated by the coal‐fired generation industry has continued a downward trend, which is also causing a downward trend in coal combustion residuals (CCR) production.
Relationship between oral intake, patient perceived swallowing impairment, and objective videofluoroscopic measures of swallowing in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Arrese Loni C. , Schieve Heidi J. , Graham Jennifer M. , Stephens Julie A. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Plowman Emily K.
Published: December 2018

Background

We aimed to: (1) examine relationships between the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Eating Assessment Tool‐10 (EAT‐10), and objective measures of swallowing (Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile [MBSImP©] and penetration‐aspiration scale [PAS]) in patients with head and neck cancer, (2) compare outcomes between oral intake vs tube‐dependent patients, and (3) compare outcomes across time points.

Methods

A total of 58 patients with head and neck cancer completed the FOIS, EAT‐10, and underwent a standardized videofluoroscopy (VFSS). VFSS were analyzed using the PAS and MBSImP©. Nonparametric analyses were performed.

Results

A relationship between the FOIS and EAT‐10 (r = −0.46; P < .001) was revealed. No other associations were observed (P < .05). Feeding status did not impact PAS or MBSImP©; however, patients with head and neck cancer who were tube dependent demonstrated higher (worse) EAT‐10 scores (P = .01).

Conclusions

In this cohort, a relationship between patient‐perceived swallowing impairment and functional oral intake was revealed; however, no associations were observed between the FOIS and objective measures of swallowing impairment or swallowing safety.
Competing mortality in oropharyngeal carcinoma according to human papillomavirus status
Authors: Lop Joan , García Jacinto , López Montserrat , Taberna Miren , Mena Marisa , Alemany Laia , Quer Miquel , León Xavier
Published: December 2018

Background

The objective of the present study is to assess differences in the competing causes of death in patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) as a function of the human papillomavirus (HPV) status.

Methods

We studied retrospectively 423 patients with OPC with known HPV status. Among the patients included in the study, 53 (12.5%) were HPV‐positive. We analyzed overall survival and competing causes of mortality according to the HPV status of the patients.

Results

Patients with HPV‐negative tumors had lower OPC cancer‐specific survival (P = .0001), second primary neoplasm survival (P = .0001), and noncancer‐related causes survival (P = .13) than patients with HPV‐positive tumors. This resulted in significant differences in overall survival depending on HPV status (P = .0001).

Conclusion

Conclusion: HPV‐positive OPC has a better overall survival than HPV‐negative OPC. Patients with HPV‐positive tumors presented a significant lower OPC cancer‐specific and second primary neoplasm mortality and a marginally nonsignificant lower noncancer mortality as compared to HPV‐negative tumors.
Factors affecting the willingness to join community‐based health insurance (CBHI) scheme: A case study survey from Savannakhet Province, Lao P.D.R.
Authors: Bodhisane Somdeth , Pongpanich Sathirakorn
Published: December 2018

Purpose

Community‐based health insurance (CBHI) targets independent worker (self‐employed) is currently struggling with inadequate size of risk pooling, low enrollment, and high dropout rate as well as financial sustainability. The objective of this study is to find out the factors that significantly affect the CBHI enrollment incentive. The study applied cross‐sectional study design to perform situation analysis, in which the Andersen behavioral model was used as a guideline to identify preliminary characteristics that involved with enrolling incentive.

Findings

The model found that existence of both outpatient department (OPD) and inpatient department (IPD) health service utilization had significant impact on the CBHI enrollment, this statement is strongly related to adverse selection issues. Households resides in Kaysone Phomvihane district had higher probability of joining the scheme in comparison with relatively less‐developed Champhone district. Households with no CBHI knowledge were also more likely to enroll the scheme. Occupation was also found to be a significant factors; of which farmers and laborers had lower possibility enrollment.

Conclusions

Economic condition of the district has a significant impact on enrolment. However, the increase in personal income does not directly enhance the desire for enrolment. Most of the high‐income households prefer to use a local, private clinic, and foreign hospitals in Thailand or Vietnam. Households with unemployed heads had the highest possibility of enrolling. The reason is the unemployed respondents include the elderly who stay at home without performing major tasks in exchange for their living. That group of people has the highest probability of either OPD or IPD.
Respiratory morbidity in young people surviving cancer: Population‐based study of hospital admissions, treatment‐related risk factors and subsequent mortality
Authors: Smith Lesley , Glaser Adam W. , Peckham Daniel , Greenwood Darren C. , Feltbower Richard G.
Published: December 2018

Respiratory diseases are a major cause of late morbidity and mortality amongst childhood cancer survivors. This population‐based study investigates respiratory hospital admissions in long‐term survivors of cancers diagnosed in young people to identify specific respiratory morbidities, treatment‐related risks and their relationship to subsequent morbidity and mortality. Population‐based cancer registrations in Yorkshire, England, diagnosed between 1990 and 2011 aged 0–29 years, were linked to inpatient Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) for admissions up to 2017. All 5‐year survivors were included in analysis (n = 4235). Admission rates were compared to age‐ and sex‐ matched general population rates. Competing risk regression models were used to assess associations between treatment exposures and risk of admission. Risk of death after admission was calculated using Cox regression. By age 40, cumulative incidence for an admission for any type of respiratory condition was 49%. Respiratory admission rates were 1.86 times higher in cancer survivors than in the general population (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.73–2.01), and varied by respiratory condition and age at diagnosis. Treatment with chemotherapy with known lung toxicity increased the risk of admission for all respiratory conditions (subdistribution Hazard ratio (sHR) = 1.26, 95%CI 1.03–1.53) and pneumonia (sHR = 1.48, 95%CI 1.01–2.17). Subsequent mortality was highest in those admitted for pneumonia compared to other respiratory conditions (28% and 15% respectively). Survivors of childhood and young adult cancer remain at significantly increased risk of respiratory complications several decades after treatment, emphasising the importance for clinical initiatives for prevention, early detection and treatment.
Profound, durable and MGMT‐independent sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibition
Authors: Le Rhun Emilie , von Achenbach Caroline , Lohmann Birthe , Silginer Manuela , Schneider Hannah , Meetze Kristan , Szabo Emese , Weller Michael
Published: December 2018

TG02 is a novel cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor and thought to act mainly via CDK‐9 inhibition‐dependent depletion of short‐lived oncoproteins such as MCL‐1 or c‐MYC. We studied the activity of TG02 in 9 human long‐term glioma cell lines (LTC) and 5 glioma‐initiating cell lines (GIC) using various cell death assays in vitro and in the LN‐229 LTC and ZH‐161 GIC models in vivo. TG02 exhibits strong anti‐tumor cell activity with EC50 concentrations in the nanomolar range. Median survival in the LN‐229 and ZH‐161 models was moderately prolonged by TG02. Neither constitutive CDK levels nor those of MCL‐1 or c‐MYC correlated with sensitivity to TG02. Cdk‐9 or cdk‐5 gene silencing alone did not fully reproduce the effects of TG02. C‐myc gene silencing inhibited cell growth, but did not modulate TG02 activity. Electron microscopy revealed cell death to be essentially apoptotic. High concentrations of TG02 induced annexin V binding and minor caspase 3 cleavage, but the pan‐caspase inhibitor, zVAD‐fmk, or BCL‐2 or MCL‐1 gene transfer only moderately attenuated TG02‐induced cell death, and caspase inhibition did not prevent loss of MCL‐1 or c‐MYC. TG02 activity was independent of O6‐methylguanine DNA methyltransferase expression. Repetitive exposure to TG02 did not generate an acquired TG02 resistance phenotype, but accumulation of MCL‐1, loss of c‐MYC, or senescence. TG02 is a highly potent apoptosis‐inducing agent in glioma cells in vitro. Caspase inhibition does not rescue TG02‐treated cells and repetitive exposure fails to confer acquired resistance, supporting the clinical evaluation of TG02 in glioblastoma.
DiTe2: Calculating the diffusion tensor for flexible molecules
Authors: Campeggio Jonathan , Polimeno Antonino , Zerbetto Mirco
Published: December 2018

We report on an extended hydrodynamic modeling of the friction tensorial properties of flexible molecules including all types of natural, Z‐Matrix like, internal coordinates. We implement the new methodology by extending and updating the software DiTe [Barone et al. J. Comput. Chem. 30, 2 (2009)]. DiTe (DIffusion TEnsor) implements a hydrodynamic modeling of the generalized translational, rotational, and configurational friction and diffusion tensors of flexible molecules in which flexibility is described in terms of dihedral angles. The new tool, DiTe2, has been renewed to include also stretching and bending types of internal mobility. Furthermore, DiTe2 is able to calculate the friction and diffusion tensors along collective (or reaction) coordinates defined as linear combinations of the internal natural ones. A number of tests are reported to show the new features of DiTe2. As leitmotiv for the tests, the calmodulin protein is taken into consideration, described both at all‐atom and coarse‐grained levels. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.