bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiments with Force Control of Redundant Robots in Unstructured Environment Using Minimal Null-space Formulation
Authors: Nemec Bojan ,   Bojan Nemec and Leon Zlajpah Institute Jozef Stefan,, Stefan Leon Zlajpah Institute Jozef
Published: April 2016

The paper describes the implementation of the force control for redundant robots in an unstructured environment. We assume that the obstacles are not known in advance. Hence, the robot arm has to be compliant with the environment while tracking the desired position and force at the end effector. Using the minimal null space approach the appropriate impedance controller, which decouples the end effector and the null space spaces was derived. The control algorithm enables the selection of dynamic characteristics in both subspaces independently.The proposed method was verified with the simulation and with experiments on a 4 D.O.F planar redundant robot.
Fuzzy Difference Equations: The Initial Value Problem
Authors: Buckley James J. ,   Department of Mathematics, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, 35294 USA, Feuring Thomas , Hayashi Yoichi ,   Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Siegen Holderlinstr. 3, 57068 Siegen Germany,   Department of Computer Science, Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571 Japan
Published: April 2016

In this paper we study fuzzy solutions to the second order, linear, difference equation with constant coefficients but having fuzzy initial conditions. We look at two methods of solution: (1) in the first method we fuzzify the crisp solution and then check to see if it solves the difference equation; and (2) in the second method we first solve the fuzzy difference equation and then check to see if the solution defines a fuzzy number. Relationships between these two solution methods are also presented. Two applications are given: (1) the first is about a second order difference equation, having fuzzy initial conditions, modeling national income; and (2) the second is from information theory modeling the transmission of information.
Cardinal-Probabilistic Interaction Indices and their Applications: A Survey
Authors: Fujimoto Katsushige ,   Faculty of Economics, Fukushima University, 1, Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
Published: April 2016

The class of cardinal probabilistic interaction indices obtained as expected marginal interactions includes the Shapley, Banzhaf, and chaining interaction indices and the Möbius and co-Möbius transform so. We will survey cardinal-probabilistic interaction indices and their applications, focusing on axiomatic characterization of the class of cardinal-probabilistic interaction indices. We show that these typical cardinal-probabilistic interaction indices can be represented as the Stieltjes integrals with respect to choice-probability measures on [0,1]. We introduce a method for hierarchical decomposition of systems represented by the Choquet integral using interaction indices.
Determination of Different Polytopic Models of the Prototypical Aeroelastic Wing Section by TP Model Transformation
Authors: Baranyi Péter ,   Computer and Automation Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1111 Budapest, Kende utca 13-17, Hungary, Petres Zoltán , Várkonyi Péter L. , Korondi Péter , Yam Yeung ,   Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo,   Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1117 Budapest, Goldmann György tér 3, Hungary,   Automation and Computer-Aided Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
Published: April 2016

The Tensor Product (TP) model transformation is a recently proposed technique for transforming given Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) models into polytopic model form, namely, to parameter varying convex combination of Linear Time Invariant (LTI) models. The main advantage of the TP model transformation is that the Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) based control design frameworks can immediately be applied to the resulting polytopic models to yield controllers with tractable and guaranteed performance. The effectiveness of the LMI design depends on the type of the convex combination in the polytopic model. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to study how the TP model transformation is capable of determining different types of convex hulls of the LTI models. The study is conducted trough the example of the prototypical aeroelastic wing section.
Optimal Route Based on Dynamic Programming for Road Networks
Authors: Mainali Manoj Kanta ,   Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Shimada Kaoru , Mabu Shingo , Hirasawa Kotaro
Published: April 2016

One of the main functions of the traffic navigation systems is to find the optimal route to the destination. In this paper, we propose an iterative Q value updating algorithm, Q method, based on dynamic programming to search the optimal route and its optimal traveling time for a given Origin-Destination (OD) pair of road networks. The Q method uses the traveling time information available at adjacent intersections to search for the optimal route. The Q value is defined as the minimum traveling time to the destination when a vehicle takes the next intersection. When the Q values converge, the optimal route to the destination can be determined by choosing the minimum Q value at each intersection. The Q method gives us the solutions from multiple origins to a single destination. The proposed method is not restricted to find a single solution, but, if there exist multiple optimal routes with the identical traveling time to the destination, the proposed method can find all of it. In addition to that, when the traveling time of the road sections changes, an alternative optimal route can be found easily starting with the already obtained Q values. We compared the Q method with Dijkstra algorithm and the simulation results showed that the Q method can give better performances, depending on the situations, when the traveling time of the road sections changes.
Special Issue on Software Engineering for Web Intelligence
Authors: Lee Jonathan , Kuo Jong Yih
Published: April 2016

Software engineering, in applying engineering to software, advocates the application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approaches to development, operation, and maintenance of software. Software engineering is also considered a transformational process that models the real world on a corresponding software world. Recent advances in software engineering applied to Web intelligence have been recognized as a wave in scientific research and development, exploring basic roles and practical impact of advanced information technology on next-generation Web-empowered products, systems, and services. Various web systems and services currently provide many benefits to users, with Web intelligence becoming increasingly important in research and business. Such Web intelligent systems have been realized through related technologies as software engineering, interactive machine learning, etc. This special issue brings together researchers who have inspired software engineering in Web intelligence. Submissions have been reviewed for relevance, originality, significance, and presentation based on JACIII review criteria. This special issue presents four papers describing outstanding studies on project management, service-oriented architecture, semantic Web technologies, and service composition planning in Web intelligence. All papers introduce promising approaches and interesting results that readers will find highly relevant! We believe that software engineering in Web Intelligence has tremendous potential as a new, active research field, and we hope this issue will motivate researchers to expand their own studies on software engineering in Web Intelligence.
Effect of Overconfident Investor Behavior to Stock Market
Authors: Inaishi Ryota ,   Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, Toya Kaoru , Zhai Fei , Kita Eisuke
Published: April 2016

Behavioral finance theory has been presented to explain the phenomena not explainable by conventional finance theory based on efficient market hypothesis from the investor psychology. We focused on overconfidence – an important psychological bias –, and analyzed the effect of overconfident investor behavior in stock market using multiagent simulation. We found that, based on the increase in overconfident market investors, market dealing increases and rising trends occur more often. An analysis of the relationship between overconfidence and rising trends shows that rising trends make investors even more overconfident.
Selected Papers from ISCIIA 2010
Authors: Takama Yasufumi
Published: April 2016

The 4th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Industrial Applications (ISCIIA2010), held at the Harbin University of Science and Technology in Heilongjiang Province, China, in August 2010 focused on advanced technologies for computational intelligence and industrial applications. A series of ISCIIA symposiums has provided a unique opportunity for the academic and industrial communities to address new challenges, share new-found solutions, and discuss directions for future research. Of the ISCIIA2010fs 50 papers, 11 outstanding papers have been selected for this special issue after fair and strict review process. Among this issuefs topics are fuzzy logic,Web mining, Kansei Information Processing (KIP), brain informatics, and human-centered systems. Given the importance of these topics to both the academic and industrial communities, this issue should contribute much to active exchange between both communities. As the Editor of this special issue, I thank all of the contributors and reviewers for their time and cooperation. Herefs hoping that the next ISCIIA, which is being held in Hokkaido, Japan, in 2012, will be as successful and fruitful as the 2010 symposium has been.
Selected Papers from ISMEf2010
Authors: Kreinovich Vladik , Kalashnikov Vyacheslav
Published: April 2016

The International Society of Management Engineers (ISME), founded in April 2003 to support ME innovation and research, covers methods and techniques related to industrial production and management, in contrast to conventional industrial engineering. Recent examples include innovative research on such topics as ? logistics, ? service, ? supply chain management, ? knowledge management. These topics, among others, are part of ME. Other important ME areas are mobile business and e-commerce. The ISME organized its first symposium in 2004, with such symposiums becoming a regular event. This special issue focuses on papers from the seventh International Symposium on Management Engineering ISMEf2010, held on August 26-28, 2010, in Kitakyushu, Japan. It also includes several related papers. ISMEf2010 centered on gManagement Engineering ? Bridging the Gap between Humans and Systems.h The symposiumfs topics include organization, corporate strategy, project management, technology management, intelligence, computation, operations research, probability and possibility theories, fuzzy sets, rough sets, approximate reasoning, linguistic information processing and automata, knowledge discovery, clustering and data analysis, fuzzy control and modeling, optimization under uncertainty and its applications, games and decision making, fuzzy analysis, and fuzzy games. These topics are reflected in this issuefs contributions. We thank: ? the authors for their outstanding work, ? ISMEf2010 participants for their helpful suggestions, ? the reviewers for their thorough analysis and constructive help, ? Professor Junzo Watada for his kind suggestions in hosting this issue, and ? the journal staff for their tireless work.
Selected Papers from SCIS & ISIS 2010 – No.2
Authors: Watanabe Keigo , Ohkura Kazuhiro , Izumi Kiyotaka
Published: April 2016

This second special issue from the Joint 5th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems and the 11th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems (SCIS & ISIS) 2010 presents 11 progressive papers covering topics from Fuzzy c-Means, clustering, evolutionary algorithms, and self-organizing maps to optimization, spiral phenomena, matroids, multirobot systems, and reinforcement learning. This wide range of research interests reflects current trends in the SCIS & ISIS conference series. As such, they demonstrate how near-future research interests are gradually moving toward exciting new directions. We thank the authors and reviewers for taking time out from their busy schedules to make this publication possible. We are especially grateful to Prof. Toshio Fukuda of Nagoya University and to Prof. Kaoru Hirota of the Tokyo Institute of Technology for giving us the opportunity to guest-edit JACIII. Our special thanks go to Ms. Reiko Ohta of Fuji Technology Press Ltd. for her ongoing support in publication.
Special Issue on Awareness Computing in Science and Engineering
Authors: Hsieh Cheng-Hsiung , Liao Hsien-Chou
Published: April 2016

As awareness computing attracts increasing attention, this special issue has been arranged for researchers, engineers, and scientists to discuss on awareness computing and to exchange ideas, opinions, and the latest results in this emerging new field. Awareness is the ability to be conscious of, feel, or perceive ? in other words, to have awareness. It implies vigilance in observing and alertness in drawing inferences from experience. The ultimate goal of awareness computing is to create computing systems that are aware. The eight papers accepted for this issue come mainly from International Symposium on Aware Computing 2010 and cover different aspects of awareness computing in science and engineering. The authors have been kind enough to revise their papers for this publication. Two papers focus on awareness learning and multimedia-based learning, three examine localization using sensor networks, sound sources, and radiofrequency identification, and three explore a fuzzy-rules mining algorithm, an interactive map search system, and semi-supervised method for pattern recognition. We thank the reviewers for their time and effort in reviewing papers within a limited time. We are most grateful to Professor Qiangfu Zhao of the University of Aizu, Japan, and to Professors Toshio Fukuda and Kaoru Hirota, Editors-in-Chief, for inviting us to guest-edit this special issue. We also thank the Fuji Technology Press staff for its ongoing assistance.
Selected Papers from NaBIC 2010
Authors: Nojima Yusuke , Mario K?ppen
Published: April 2016

The Second World Congress on Nature and Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC2010) was held at the Kitakyushu International Conference Center December 15-17, 2010, in Kitakyushu, Japan. NaBIC2010 provided a forum for researchers, engineers, and students from worldwide to discuss state-of-the-art machine intelligence and to address issues related to building human-friendly machines by learning from nature. NaBIC2010 covered a wide range of studies ? from theoretical and algorithmic studies on nature and biologically inspired computing techniques to their real-world applications. Top researchers presenting papers at NaBIC2010 were invited to contribute to this special issue. Through a fair peer review process, four extended papers have been accepted ? an acceptance rate of 50%. The first paper entitled gA Study on Computational Efficiency and Plasticity in Baldwinian Learningh by Liu and Iba analyzes Baldwinian evolution efficiency by comparing it to alternatives such as standard Darwinian evolution with no learning, Lamarckian evolution, and Baldwinian evolution with different learning and plasticity evolution. The second paper entitled gExperimental Study of a Structured Differential Evolution with Mixed Strategiesh by Ishimizu and Tagawa proposes island-based DE with ring or torus networks. The authors examine the performance of the proposed DE with the effects of different strategies. The third paper entitled gMulti-Space Competitive DGA for Model Selection and its Application to Localization of Multiple Signal Sourcesh by Ishikawa, Misawa, Kubota, Tokiwa, Horio, and Yamakawa proposes a distributed genetic algorithm in which each subpopulation searches for a solution in different decision space. Subpopulations change size based on search progress. The fourth paper entitled gAn Extended Interactive Evolutionary Computation Using Heart Rate Variability as Fitness Value for Composing Music Chord Progressh by Fukumoto, Nakashima, Ogawa, and Imai uses heart-rate variability instead of direct human evaluations in an interactive evolutionary computation framework. As guest editors of this special issue, we would like to thank the authors for their unique and interesting contributions and the reviewers for their careful checking and invaluable comments.
Special Issue on Innovation over Multimedia Processing
Authors: Nobuhara Hajime
Published: April 2016

With broadband networks, audio/video coding, and processing techniques and user devices swiftly advancing, multimedia streaming over networks is now a reality. Distributed interactive multimedia applications ? one of the fastest growing market sectors demanding innovations ? are covered in this special issue on multimedia processing (MP). This special issue focuses on ambitious and intriguing papers from experts on a wide variety of multimedia areas. These articles address innovations and offer effective solutions to MP problems. Y. Fushio et al. propose a shadow generation system based on shape recognition, while M. Suzuki et al. develop musical expression generation reflecting the userfs impression in kansei space and fuzzy rules. K. Ishizuka et al. evaluate an operetta songs generation system based on the impressions given by story scenes, which are strongly related to the integrative research projects of kansei engineering, music, text, and visual perception. T. Toyota et al. develop a web news visualization system based on an efficient self-organizing map using a restricted region search and dimensionality reduction. S. Kawauchi et al. propose a knowledge expansion support system using related search keyword generation based on Wikipedia categories and point-wise mutual information, involving that are aggressive looking progressive research projects covering huge text information. T. Tanabata et al. present an interactive data mining tool for microarray data analysis using formal concept analysis, which adds a new dimension to the bio-informatics field. T. Kawamura et al. analyze keywords input to a book search engine. T. Sugimoto et al. propose a recommendation system involving the use of comprehensive trend indications based on weighted complete graphs, which are related to topical discussions in the information retrieval and recommendation field. Readers are sure to find new and valuable information and ideas in their own fields in these excellent articles.
The Spiral Discovery Method: An Interpretable Tuning Model for CogInfoCom Channels
Authors: Csapo Adam ,   Computer and Automation Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Kende u. 13-17, Budapest 1111, Hungary, Baranyi Péter ,   Department of Telecommunications and Media Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economic, Magyar Tudosok Krt. 2, Budapest 1117, Hungary
Published: April 2016

Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom) messages that are used to carry information on the state of the same high-level concept can be regarded as belonging to a CogInfoCom channel. Such channels can be generated using any kind of parametric model. By changing the values of the parameters, it is possible to arrive at a large variety of CogInfoCom messages, a subset of which can belong to a CogInfoCom channel – provided they are perceptually well-suited to the purpose of conveying information on the same highlevel concept. Thus, for any CogInfoCom channel, we may speak of a parameter space and a perceptual space that is created by the totality of messages in the CogInfoCom channel. In this paper, we argue that in general, the relationship between the parameter space and the perceptual space is highly non-linear. For this reason, it is extremely difficult for the designer of a CogInfoCom channel to tune the parameters in such a way that the resulting CogInfoCom messages are perceptually continuous, and suitable to carry information on a single high-level concept. To address this problem, we propose a cognitive artifact that uses a rank concept available in tensor algebra to provide the designer of CogInfoCom channels with practical tradeoffs between complexity and interpretability. We refer to the artifact as the Spiral Discovery Method (SDM).
Stock Market Trend Prediction Based on Text Mining of Corporate Web and Time Series Data
Authors: Thanh Hoang T. P. ,   Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Information Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, 1518 Pracharat Sai 1 Road, Wongsawang, Bangsue, Bangkok, Thailand, Meesad Phayung ,   Department of Information Technology Management, Faculty of Information Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, 1518 Pracharat Sai 1 Road, Wongsawang, Bangsue, Bangkok, Thailand
Published: April 2016

Predicting the behaviors of the stock markets are always an interesting topic for not only financial investors but also scholars and professionals from different fields, because successful prediction can help investors to yield significant profits. Previous researchers have shown the strong correlation between financial news and their impacts to the movements of stock prices. This paper proposes an approach of using time series analysis and text mining techniques to predict daily stock market trends. The research is conducted with the utilization of a database containing stock index prices and news articles collected from Vietnam websites over 3 years from 2010 to 2012. A robust feature selection and a strong machine learning algorithm are able to lift the forecasting accuracy. By combining Linear Support Vector Machine Weight and Support Vector Machine algorithm, this proposed approach can enhance the prediction accuracy significantly above those of related research approaches. The results show that data set represented by 42 features achieves the highest accuracy by using one-against-one Support Vector Machines (up to 75%) and one-against-one method outperforms one-againstall method in almost all case studies.
Design and Implementation of a Prototype Cloud Video Surveillance System
Authors: Xiong Yong-Hua ,   School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410083, China, Wan Shao-Yun , He Yong , Su Dan
Published: April 2016

Cloud-based video surveillance systems, as a new cloud computing service model, are an emerging research topic, both at home and abroad. Current research is mainly focused on exploring applications of the system. This paper proposes a design and implementation method for cloud-based video surveillance systems using the characteristics of cloud computing, such as parallel computing, large storage space, and easy expandability. The system architecture and function modules are built, and a prototype cloud-based video surveillance system is established in a campus network using key technologies, including virtual machine task access control, video-data distributed storage, and database-active communicationmethods. Using the system, the user is able to place a webcam in a location that requires monitoring so that video surveillance can be achieved, and video data can be viewed through a browser. The system has the following advantages: low investment and maintenance cost, high portability, easily extendable, superior data security, and excellent sharing. As a private cloud server in the campus network, the system is able to not only provide convenient video surveillance services, but it can also be an excellent practical experimental platform for cloud computing-related research, which carries outstanding application value.
Improvement of PCA-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Using Distance Statistics
Authors: Ogita Toshiro ,   Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan, Ichihashi Hidetomo , Notsu Akira , Honda Katsuhiro ,   Department of Economics, Osaka University of Economics and Law, 6-10 Gakuonji, Yao, Osaka 581-8511, Japan
Published: April 2016

In many computer vision applications, nearest neighbor searching in high-dimensional spaces is often the most time consuming component and we have few algorithms for solving these high-dimensional nearest neighbor search problems that are faster than linear search. Approximately nearest neighbor search algorithms can play an important role in achieving significantly faster running times with relatively small errors. This paper considers the improvement of the PCA-tree nearest neighbor search algorithm [1] by employing nearest neighbor distance statistics. During the preprocessing phase of the PCA-tree nearest neighbor search algorithm, a data set is partitioned into clusters by successive use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The search performance is significantly improved if the data points are sorted by leaf node, and the threshold value is updated each time a smaller distance is found. The threshold is updated by the ε-approximate nearest neighbor approach together with the fixed-threshold approach. Performance can be further improved by the annulus bound approach. Moreover, nearest neighbor distance statistics is employed for further improving the efficiency of the search algorithm and the several experimental results are shown for demonstrating how its efficiency is improved.
Finding All Solutions of Systems of Nonlinear Equations Using Spiral Dynamics Inspired Optimization with Clustering
Authors: Sidarto Kuntjoro Adji ,   Department of Mathematics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Kania Adhe
Published: April 2016

Nowadays the root finding problem for nonlinear system equations is still one of the difficult problems in computational sciences. Many attempts using deterministic and meta-heuristic methods have been done with their advantages and disadvantages, but many of them have fail to converge to all possible roots. In this paper, a novel method of locating and finding all of the real roots from the system of nonlinear equations is proposed mainly using the spiral dynamics inspired optimization by Tamura and Yasuda [1]. The method is improved by the usage of the Sobol sequence of points for generating initial candidates of roots which are uniformly distributed than of pseudo-random generated points. Using clustering technique, the method localizes all potential roots so the optimization is conducted in those points simultaneously. A set of problems as the benchmarks from the literature is given. Having only a single run for each problem, the proposed method has successfully found all possible roots within a bounded domain.
Wild Birds and Avian Influenza
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: April 2016

In Japan, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza virus prevalence had not occurred from 1925 to January 2004. From this fact, residental birds in Japan are not expected to have the virus. Infection is mediated by wild birds from Korea or China – the areas Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza prevalence occurred recently – to domestic waterfowl.
Water Problems in Central Asia
Authors: Kitamura Yoshinobu ,   Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan, Kozan Osamu , Sunada Kengo , Oishi Satoru ,   21st COE Program, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan,   Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering,  University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
Published: April 2016

We review water-related issues in Central Asia's Syr Darya and Amu Darya River basins as seen in changes in water management and climatic trends. We start by clarifying these problems in basins that are basically in an arid region where water circumstances as a source is unstable and water rights and use among riparian countries are highly discrepant. Results of the examinations on water management clarified 4 major issues: (1) problems affecting countries downstream, such as water shortages in summer and artificial flood damage in winter; (2) problem of irrigation water distribution in the Fergana Valley; (3) the salinization of farmland in middle and lower riparian reaches; and (4) deterioration in Aral Sea and neighboring ecosystems due to drastically lowered water levels. An analysis of the impact of climate change on local hydrological systems pointed up potential new indications: (5) trends in global warming triggering earlier snow melts and floods; and (6) trend in the warming prompting earlier vegetative activity. We conclude by recommending concrete measures for appropriate irrigation and better water management.
Ruapehu Lahar New Zealand 18 March 2007: Lessons for Hazard Assessment and Risk Mitigation 1995-2007
Authors: Keys Harry J. R. ,   Department of Conservation, Private Bag, Turangi, NZ, Green Paul M.
Published: April 2016

A moderately large lahar caused by a collapse of a tephra dam over the outlet of Crater Lake occurred 11 years and 4 months after the situation that led to it was first recognized. This allowed sufficient time for the considerable period needed by emergency managers and the Government to learn from scientists about the hazard, assess risks in pragmatic and robust ways, debate and progressively mitigate them. Early involvement of a wide range of agencies and the media was encouraged, enabling transfer of knowledge, development of interagency relationships and provided fora for a mitigation strategy to evolve in the face of sometimes controversial mitigation options. Decisions about options were based primarily on maximizing public safety and long-term utility in a valley subject to frequent, sometimes large, past and future lahars. These decisions, which had a significant political component also considered option suitability in a national park setting. A best-practice alarm system was installed based on acoustic flow monitors. A training levee structure was built to protect a highway and other vulnerable infrastructure and a river system near-by, and a key highway bridge raised and strengthened. Response agencies each prepared their own emergency plans which were then integrated and practiced over 3-4 years, incorporating an increasing readiness triggered by a Warning Level system linking to rising lake levels. Execution of the plans progressed smoothly on 18 March. The outcome showed that community resilience to lahars was achieved by adopting long-term solutions, rather than short-term ones, and carefully considering cultural, social, and technological perspectives, especially in a national park setting. Decision-making procedures that give weight to impartial scientific information, as well as values and legislation, are required for effective disaster mitigation, including an acceptance of an appropriate degree of residual risk.
Special Issue on Crisis Management Following Tokyo Metropolitan Near Field Earthquake Disaster
Authors: Hayashi Haruo
Published: April 2016

1. Introduction

It is expected that Tokyo Metropolitan area and her vicinity may be jolted by a devastating earthquake with a 70% chance for the next 30 years.

If it happens, an unprecedented scale of damage and losses may follow. With the severity of possible consequences due to this earthquake, a special project, entitled as “Special Project for Metropolitan Earthquake DisasterMitigation in Tokyo Metropolitan Area” (2007-2011), is commissioned by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (MEXT), This special project consists of three subprojects; Seismology, Earthquake Engineering, and Crisis Management and Recovery.

In this issue of JDR, we will introduce 10 papers produced as a series of the achievements from the subproject on Crisis Management and Recovery.

This subproject considers Tokyo Metropolitan Earthquake as a national crisis occurred in the Tokyo metropolitan area.

All the available knowledge of disaster researchers should be gathered from nationwide, including both emergency response and long-term recovery to minimize damage and losses.

This project examines measures for improving the capacity for the people from disaster management organizations to react to crisis and help rebuilding life recovery of disaster victims. An information-sharing platform will be proposed to comprehensively manage individual disaster response and recovery measures. “Training and exercise systems” will be introduced to empower local capacity to mitigate and recover from disaster by integrating all of the project achievements among stakeholders. The final goal of this project is to make ourselves prepared for help the anticipated 25 million victims at most due to Tokyo Metropolitan earthquake.
Building Passive Control in Japan
Authors: Kasai Kazuhiko ,   Professor, Structural Engineering Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, Nakai Masayoshi , Nakamura Yutaka , Asai Hidekatsu , Suzuki Yousuke , Ishii Masato ,   General Manager, Advanced Structural Engineering Department, Takenaka Corporation, Japan,   Chief Research Engineer, Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation,   Deputy Manager, Technical Research Institute, Obayashi Corporation,   Chief, Advanced Structural Engineering Department, Takenaka Corporation, Japan,   Senior Engineer, Structural Engineering Department, Nikken Sekkei Ltd., Japan
Published: April 2016

This paper discusses the following three key issues on passive control using dampers for seismic protection of buildings:

1 Major experimental research on passive control of buildings: Tests using the world’s largest shaking table “E-Defense” from March to April 2009 evaluated a full-scale 5-story steel building with and without dampers. 2 Codes and specifications: The Japanese building code requires that the nonlinear time history analysis be performed for buildings with dampers or that energy-based analysis be conducted when steel dampers are used. Unlike code rules leading to iterative design, the specifications of the Japan Society of Seismic Isolation (JSSI) give direct design method (DDM) for target performance set by designers. 3 Damage-free structure and its design: Backed by government support, a large team of researchers and designers has developed a structure damage-free against a catastrophic earthquake, using dampers and super-high-strength steel frames. The structure and its design rule using DDM are being studied for inclusion in projected code.
Our Social Activities Are Always Related to Outbreaks of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Saijo Masayuki
Published: April 2016

Thanks to the improvement of living standard and hygiene as well as to the development of the therapeutics, such as antimicrobial agents, diagnostics, vaccines, the mortality and morbidity rates due to infectious diseases have been dramatically improved in developed countries. However, the mortality and morbidity of infectious diseases, respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections are still very high and the leading causes of fatalities in developing countries. Furthermore, emerging and reemerging infections frequently occur locally and internationally. For instance, the 2009 influenza virus A/H1N1-associated pandemic has emerged and raised public anxiety levels. It is evident that we live in an environment in which infectious diseases are commonly transmitted. Human activities are closely related to the emergence of newly identified infectious diseases.

In this issue, the background of the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases is reviewed. The infectious diseases that might raise public anxiety, such as Nipah encephalitis, rabies, and influenza are focused on and reviewed. The influenza pandemic and imported infectious diseases, which may cross borders, are also reviewed. Infectious diseases associated with natural disasters are reviewed for the sake of future preparedness. The hemorrhagic fevers, such as Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers, cause severe infections and have very high mortality rates. The diagnostic systems developed for viral hemorrhagic fevers developed in Japan are introduced. The international situation regarding the development of biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories is introduced. In the review, it is emphasized that BSL-4 laboratories should be operated in Japan, although viral hemorrhagic fevers are not prevalent in Japan. Furthermore, preparedness strategies for large-scale outbreaks of infectious diseases are presented.

I believe these papers will help preparations against the infectious diseases associated with disastrous events. I would be very glad if the readers understood the background of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases and noticed that efficacious preparedness for such infections diseases, preparedness based on the scientific studies and empirical evidence, is urgently required.

Finally, I sincerely appreciate the contributions by the authors of and the reviewers for the papers, which appear in this issue of the journal, Journal of Disaster Research.
Structural Behavior Under Impulsive Tsunami Loading
Authors: Arikawa Taro ,   Tsunami Research Center, Port and Airport Reseach Institute 3-1-1 Nagase, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 236-0021, Japan
Published: April 2016

This report describes surge front tsunami force using physical model experiments. Failure processes of wooden and concrete walls are examined in the full-scale testing. We found that the failure mode changes depending on the strength of the wall.
Estimation of Tsunami Force Acting on Rectangular Structures
Authors: Fujima Koji ,   Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National Defense Academy, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan, Achmad Fauzie , Shigihara Yoshinori , Mizutani Norimi ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
Published: April 2016

Hydraulic experiments were conducted to estimate tsunami wave force acting on rectangular onshore structures. Used building models placed at several distances from a shoreline. Wave pressure was measured at points on exposed structures. Impact and standing-wave pressure at different points peaked at different moments in time, so tsunami force tended to be overestimated by integrating maximum wave-pressure distribution envelope. Measured total force was thus used to formulate tsunami force estimation equations. Hydrostatic formula was successful for structures near a shoreline, despite large scattering for structures far from a shoreline. Hydrodynamic formula was successful in all cases, although inertia was considerable for structures near a shoreline.
Building Community Capacity for Disaster Resilience in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Liang-Chun ,   Graduate Institute of Building and Planning, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Wang Yi-Wen ,   National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction, 9F., No.200, Sec. 3, Beisin Rd., Sindian City, 23143 Taipei County, Taiwan
Published: April 2016

In the face of large-scale, high intensity, and continuously occurring disasters, the concept of community resilience in disaster management has gradually developed and drawn significant attention. This paper focuses on how to build community disaster resilience, based on practical experiences of disaster recovery in Taiwan, for the purpose of increasing community resilience. In order to build community disaster resilience, the Taiwanese central government has designed a community-based process for disaster adaptation. Since 2004, the process has been applied to more than one hundred communities in Taiwan, not only by our research team but also by the Taiwanese government. Two successful cases are used to illustrate our framework for community disaster resilience, which should include the two major components of emergency adjustment and long-term adaptive capacity. Significant factors for making the process operational are clarified so as to form a long-term framework for building community disaster resilience.
Requirements and Verification Methodology for the Design Performance of Tsunami-Hinan Buildings (Temporary Tsunami Refuge Building)
Authors: Yagi Shinji ,   AXS SATOW Inc., 2-10-12 AXS Bldg. Yokoami, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-0015, Japan, Hasemi Yuji ,   Department of Architecture, Waseda University, 3-4-1 55th Bldg. Ookubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
Published: April 2016

With the increasing possibility of large offshore earthquakes in Japan, the government is considering whether middle to high-rise structures could be used as temporary tsunami refuge buildings. This report presents a recent study on refuge-process modeling within such buildings and their utility seen through parametric analysis. Analysis showed a strong dependence of refuge effectiveness on the time when evacuation start and building occupancies. Design guidelines are proposed to improve evacuation performance for different types of occupancy.
Finite Element Modeling of Cyclic Out-of-Plane Response of Masonry Walls Retrofitted by Inserting Inclined Stainless Steel Bars
Authors: Shrestha Kshitij C. ,   Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan, Nagae Takuya , Araki Yoshikazu ,   Hyogo Earthquake Engineering Research Center, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, 1501-21 Nishikameya, Mitsuta, Shijimi-cho, Miki, Hyogo 673-0515, Japan
Published: April 2016

This paper focuses on finite element (FE) modeling of the out-of-plane response of retrofitted masonry walls subjected to quasistatic cyclic loading. Retrofitting involves inserting inclined stainless steel bars on the plane perpendicular to the wall face, already practiced in several historical masonry structures in Japan. The FE model for masonry walls, in which continuum elements represent brick units, interface elements the brick unit/mortar interface, and truss elements reinforcing bars, is demonstrated in comparisons with experimental results. A simplified FE model we also propose represents reinforcing bars by an equivalent vertical bar to facilitate convergence and reduce the computational burden. A study evaluating numerical result sensitivity to modeling parameters demonstrates both modeling stability and retrofitting robustness.
Henipavirus Infections - An Expanding Zoonosis from Fruit Bats
Authors: Kai Chieko ,   Laboratory of Animal Research Center / International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, Yoneda Misako
Published: April 2016

The henipavirus genus has two members – the Hendra virus (HeV) and the Nipah virus (NiV). HeV and NiV, identified in the 1990s as a paramyxovirus, cause fatalities in humans and animals. They are now classified as biosafety level 4 pathogens. HeV caused fatal respiratory infection in horses and humans in Australia in 1994, in which 2 persons died. The first-known, largest NiV outbreak occurred on theMalay Peninsula in 1998, in pigs and humans. The human fatality rate was 40%, killing 105. To cope, the Malaysian government culled over 1 million pigs at huge economic loss. The natural virus reservoir, the fruit bat (Pteropus), inhabits areas from Australia, through South Asia to Africa. InMalaysia, NiV to humans was through pigs, and the reemergence has never observed after that. However, sporadic outbreaks of NiV are continuously occurring in Bangladesh and India, in some of which epidemics human mortality exceeds 75%. The transmission is directly from fruit bats to humans, and even human-to-human transmissions are found. To prevent the outbreaks, it is important to have an intense monitoring for these diseases, to accumulate basic knowledge about the viruses and the diseases, and to develop effective vaccines.
Tsunami Evacuation Simulation for Disaster Education and City Planning
Authors: Goto Yozo ,   Earthquake Research Institute (ERI), the University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan, Affan Muzailin , Agussabti  , Nurdin Yudha , Yuliana Diyah K. , Ardiansyah  ,   GIS & Remote Sensing Research Center, Faculty of Natural Science, Syiah Kuala University, Gedung Lab. Terpadu Lt. 3, Jl. Syech Abdurrauf No.9, Darusslam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia,   Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center, Syiah Kuala University, Jl. Tgk Abdul Rahman, Gp. Pie, Meuraxa District, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia,   Electrical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Syiah Kuala University, Syech Abdurrauf street, No.7, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia,   Center of Technology for Land Resources, Region and Disaster Mitigation, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Jalan MH. Thamrin 8, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
Published: April 2016

Tsunami evacuation simulation combining tsunami inundation simulation and people evacuation simulation was applied to the western half of tsunami-prone area of Banda Aceh and its use for tsunami disaster education and city planning was studied in cooperation with school teachers and city office personnel. People evacuation was simulated based on multiagent simulation handling over 20,000 agent models, including walking family, motorcycle, and automobile agents. Agent ratios and their basic responses were defined in a survey of mass evacuation in Meulaboh, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, triggered by the May 7, 2010, earthquake. Tsunami inundation simulation theoretically replicated the 2004 great Indian Ocean tsunami as developed by Professor Shunichi Koshimura of Tohoku University who used a sophisticated source model. Several simulations were developed using different scenarios such as evacuation start timing, automobile evacuation ratios, and evacuee destinations. Simulations were shown to Banda Aceh school students and instructors and to municipal office personnel. Based on their evaluations, the tsunami evacuation simulation proved to be effective in disaster education and city planning and was improved by their suggestions. We plan to expand the simulation area to the eastern half of Banda Aceh for practical use.