bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of CPC’s Operational 0.5-Month Lead Seasonal Outlooks
Authors: Peng Peitao , Kumar Arun , Halpert Michael S. , Barnston Anthony G.
Published: April 2012

An analysis and verification of 15 years of Climate Prediction Center (CPC) operational seasonal surface temperature and precipitation climate outlooks over the United States is presented for the shortest and most commonly used lead time of 0.5 months. The analysis is intended to inform users of the characteristics and skill of the outlooks, and inform the forecast producers of specific biases or weaknesses to help guide development of improved forecast tools and procedures. The forecast assessments include both categorical and probabilistic verification diagnostics and their seasonalities, and encompass both temporal and spatial variations in forecast skill. A reliability analysis assesses the correspondence between the forecast probabilities and their corresponding observed relative frequencies. Attribution of skill to specific physical sources is discussed. ENSO and long-term trends are shown to be the two dominant sources of seasonal forecast skill. Higher average skill is found for temperature than for precipitation, largely because temperature benefits from trends to a much greater extent than precipitation, whose skill is more exclusively ENSO based. Skill over the United States is substantially dependent on season and location. The warming trend is shown to have been reproduced, but considerably underestimated, in the forecasts. Aside from this underestimation, and slight overconfidence in precipitation forecast probabilities, a fairly good correspondence between forecast probabilities and subsequent observed relative frequencies is found. This confirms that the usually weak forecast probability anomalies, while disappointing to some users, are justified by normally modest signal-to-noise ratios.
Accelerating the EnKF Spinup for Typhoon Assimilation and Prediction
Authors: Yang Shu-Chih , Kalnay Eugenia , Miyoshi Takemasa
Published: April 2012

A mesoscale ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for a regional model is often initialized from global analysis products and with initial ensemble perturbations constructed based on the background error covariance used in the three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVar) system. Because of the lack of proper mesoscale information, a long spinup period of typically a few days is required for the regional EnKF to reach its asymptotic level of accuracy, and thus, the impact of observations is limited during the EnKF spinup. For the case of typhoon assimilation, such spinup usually corresponds to the stages of generation and development of tropical cyclones, when observations are important but limited over open waters. To improve the analysis quality during the spinup, the “running in place” (RIP) method is implemented within the framework of the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). Results from observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) for a specific typhoon show that the RIP method is able to accelerate the analysis adjustment of the dynamical structures of the typhoon during the LETKF spinup, and improves both the accuracy of the mean state and the structure of the ensemble-based error covariance. These advantages of the RIP method are found not only in the inner-core structure of the typhoon but also identified in the environmental conditions. As a result, the LETKF-RIP analysis leads to better typhoon prediction, particularly in terms of both track and intensity.
Children as knowledge brokers of playground games and rhymes in the new media age
Authors: Marsh Jackie
Published: April 2012

This article draws on data from a project on children’s playground games and rhymes in the new media age. One objective of the project was to examine the relationship between traditional playground games and children’s media cultures. As part of the project, two ethnographic studies of primary playgrounds took place in two schools, one in the north and one in the south of England, over a two-year period. Children in both schools were active participants in the research process. They informed the research design and ongoing data collection through children’s panels and children were involved in data collection through the use of video cameras, interviews and diaries. This article reflects on a number of critical issues that are raised when considering the nature of the cultural knowledge constructed by the children as they identify the signifying practices of their play and its relationship with media culture. The concept of knowledge brokering is used as a heuristic device to analyse the nature of children’s contribution in participatory research studies.
A Feasibility Study of Virtual Reality-Based Coping Skills Training for Nicotine Dependence
Authors: Bordnick Patrick S. , Traylor Amy C. , Carter Brian L. , Graap Ken M.
Published: April 2012

Objective: Virtual reality (VR)-based cue reactivity has been successfully used for the assessment of drug craving. Going beyond assessment of cue reactivity, a novel VR-based treatment approach for smoking cessation was developed and tested for feasibility. Method: In a randomized experiment, 10-week treatment feasibility trial, 46 nicotine-dependent adults, completed the10-week program. Virtual reality skills training (VRST) combined with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) was compared to NRT alone. Participants were assessed for smoking behavior and coping skills during, at end of treatment, and at posttreatment follow-up. Results: Smoking rates and craving for nicotine were significantly lower for the VRST group compared to NRT-only group at the end of treatment. Self-confidence and coping skills were also significantly higher for the VRST group, and number of cigarettes smoked was significantly lower, compared to the control group at follow-up. Conclusions: Feasibility of VRST was supported in the current study.
Maturing reticulocytes internalize plasma membrane in glycophorin A–containing vesicles that fuse with autophagosomes before exocytosis
Authors: Griffiths Rebecca E. , Kupzig Sabine , Cogan Nicola , Mankelow Tosti J. , Betin Virginie M. S. , Trakarnsanga Kongtana , Massey Edwin J. , Lane Jon D. , Parsons Stephen F. , Anstee David J.
Published: April 2012

The erythrocyte is one of the best characterized human cells. However, studies of the process whereby human reticulocytes mature to erythrocytes have been hampered by the difficulty of obtaining sufficient numbers of cells for analysis. In the present study, we describe an in vitro culture system producing milliliter quantities of functional mature human adult reticulocytes from peripheral blood CD34+ cells. We show that the final stage of reticulocyte maturation occurs by a previously undescribed mechanism in which large glycophorin A–containing vesicles forming at the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane are internalized and fuse with autophagosomes before expulsion of the autophagosomal contents by exocytosis. Early reticulocyte maturation is characterized by the selective elimination of unwanted plasma membrane proteins (CD71, CD98, and β1 integrin) through the endosome-exosome pathway. In contrast, late maturation is characterized by the generation of large glycophorin A–decorated vesicles of autophagic origin.
Antibodies causing thrombocytopenia in patients treated with RGD-mimetic platelet inhibitors recognize ligand-specific conformers of αIIb/β3 integrin
Authors: Bougie Daniel W. , Rasmussen Mark , Zhu Jieqing , Aster Richard H.
Published: April 2012

Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)–mimetic platelet inhibitors act by occupying the RGD recognition site of αIIb/β3 integrin (GPIIb/IIIa), thereby preventing the activated integrin from reacting with fibrinogen. Thrombocytopenia is a well-known side effect of treatment with this class of drugs and is caused by Abs, often naturally occurring, that recognize αIIb/β3 in a complex with the drug being administered. RGD peptide and RGD-mimetic drugs are known to induce epitopes (ligand-induced binding sites [LIBS]) in αIIb/β3 that are recognized by certain mAbs. It has been speculated, but not shown experimentally, that Abs from patients who develop thrombocytopenia when treated with an RGD-mimetic inhibitor similarly recognize LIBS determinants. We addressed this question by comparing the reactions of patient Abs and LIBS-specific mAbs against αIIb/β3 in a complex with RGD and RGD-mimetic drugs, and by examining the ability of selected non-LIBS mAbs to block binding of patient Abs to the liganded integrin. Findings made provide evidence that the patient Abs recognize subtle, drug-induced structural changes in the integrin head region that are clustered about the RGD recognition site. The target epitopes differ from classic LIBS determinants, however, both in their location and by virtue of being largely drug-specific.
Changes in DNA methylation and transgenerational mobilization of a transposable element (mPing) by the Topoisomerase II inhibitor, Etoposide, in rice
Authors: Yang Xuejiao , Yu Yingjie , Jiang Lily , Lin Xiuyun , Zhang Chunyu , Ou Xiufang , Osabe Kenji , Liu Bao
Published: April 2012

Background

Etoposide (epipodophyllotoxin) is a chemical commonly used as an anti-cancer drug which inhibits DNA synthesis by blocking topoisomerase II activity. Previous studies in animal cells have demonstrated that etoposide constitutes a genotoxic stress which may induce genomic instability including mobilization of normally quiescent transposable elements (TEs). However, it remained unknown whether similar genetically mutagenic effects could be imposed by etoposide in plant cells. Also, no information is available with regard to whether the drug may cause a perturbation of epigenetic stability in any organism.

Results

To investigate whether etoposide could generate genetic and/or epigenetic instability in plant cells, we applied etoposide to germinating seeds of six cultivated rice (Oryza sativaL.) genotypes including both subspecies,japonicaandindica. Based on the methylation-sensitive gel-blotting results, epigenetic changes in DNA methylation of three TEs (Tos17,Osr23andOsr36) and two protein-encoding genes (HomeoboxandCDPK-relatedgenes) were detected in the etoposide-treated plants (S0 generation) in four of the six studiedjaponicacultivars, Nipponbare, RZ1, RZ2, and RZ35, but not in the restjaponicacultivar (Matsumae) and theindicacultivar (93-11). DNA methylation changes in the etoposide-treated S0 rice plants were validated by bisulfite sequencing at both of two analyzed loci (Tos17andOsr36). Transpositional activity was tested for eight TEs endogenous to the rice genome in both the S0 plants and their selfed progenies (S1 and S2) of one of the cultivars, RZ1, which manifested heritable phenotypic variations. Results indicated that no transposition occurred in the etoposide-treated S0 plants for any of the TEs. Nonetheless, a MITE transposon,mPing, showed rampant mobilization in the S1 and S2 progenies descended from the drug-treated S0 plants.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that etoposide imposes a similar genotoxic stress on plant cells as it does on animal and human cells, which may induce transgenerational genomic instability by instigating transpositional activation of otherwise dormant TEs. In addition, we show for the first time that etoposide may induce epigenetic instability in the form of altered DNA methylation patterns in eukaryotes. However, penetrance of the genotoxic effects of etoposide on plant cells, as being reflected as genetic and epigenetic instability, appears to be in a strictly genotype- and/or generation-dependent manner.
Chromium picolinate and chromium histidinate protects against renal dysfunction by modulation of NF-κB pathway in high-fat diet fed and Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Selcuk Mustafa Yavuz , Aygen Bilge , Dogukan Ayhan , Tuzcu Zeynep , Akdemir Fatih , Komorowski James R , Atalay Mustafa , Sahin Kazim
Published: April 2012

Background

Diabetic nephropathy is one of major complications of diabetes mellitus. Although chromium is an essential element for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, its effects on diabetic nephropathy are not well understood. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of chromium picolinate (CrPic) and chromium histidinate (CrHis) on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) pathway in the rat kidney.

Methods

Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Group I received a standard diet (8% fat) and served as a control; Group II was fed with a standard diet and received CrPic; Group III was fed with a standard diet and received CrHis; Group IV received a high fat diet (HFD, 40% fat) for 2 weeks and then were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) (HFD/STZ); Group V was treated as group IV (HFD/STZ) but supplemented with CrPic for 12 weeks. Group VI was treated as group IV (HFD/STZ) but supplemented with CrHis.

Results

The increased NF-κβ p65 in the HFD/STZ group was inhibited by CrPic and CrHis supplementation (P < 0.05). In STZ-treated rats, a significant decrease in levels of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα) was found in kidney tissues when compared to control rats (P < 0.05). A significant increase in the levels of IκBα was observed in CrPic- and CrHis-treated rats when compared with STZ-treated rats. Renal Nrf2 levels were significantly decreased in diabetic rats compared with the control rats. There was a higher tendency for increase of kidney Nrf2 level and decrease in kidney NFκBp65 levels and 4- hydroxyl nonenal (4-HNE) protein adducts (P < 0.05) in diabetic rats.

Conclusion

Our result show that in kidney tissue CrHis/CrPic increases Nrf2 level, parallelly decreases NF-κB and partially restores IκBα levels in HFD/STZ group, suggesting that CrPic and CrHis may play a role in antioxidant defense system via the Nrf2 pathway by reducing inflammation through NF-κβ p65 inhibition. Moreover, a greater reduction in NF-κB expression and greater increases in expressions of IκBα and Nrf2 in diabetic rats supplemented with CrHis than rats supplemented with CrPic suggest that CrHis has more favorable effects than CrPic.
Loss of glutathione homeostasis associated with neuronal senescence facilitates TRPM2 channel activation in cultured hippocampal pyramidal neurons
Authors: Belrose Jillian C , Xie Yu-Feng , Gierszewski Lynn J , MacDonald John F , Jackson Michael F
Published: April 2012

Background

Glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in neuronal oxidant defence. Depletion of cellular GSH is observed in neurodegenerative diseases and thereby contributes to the associated oxidative stress and Ca2+ dysregulation. Whether depletion of cellular GSH, associated with neuronal senescence, directly influences Ca2+ permeation pathways is not known. Transient receptor potential melastatin type 2 (TRPM2) is a Ca2+ permeable non-selective cation channel expressed in several cell types including hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Moreover, activation of TRPM2 during oxidative stress has been linked to cell death. Importantly, GSH has been reported to inhibit TRPM2 channels, suggesting they may directly contribute to Ca2+ dysregulation associated with neuronal senescence. Herein, we explore the relation between cellular GSH and TRPM2 channel activity in long-term cultures of hippocampal neurons.

Results

In whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings, we observe that TRPM2 current density increases in cultured pyramidal neurons over time in vitro. The observed increase in current density was prevented by treatment with NAC, a precursor to GSH synthesis. Conversely, treatment of cultures maintained for 2 weeks in vitro with L-BSO, which depletes GSH by inhibiting its synthesis, augments TRPM2 currents. Additionally, we demonstrate that GSH inhibits TRPM2 currents through a thiol-independent mechanism, and produces a 3.5-fold shift in the dose-response curve generated by ADPR, the intracellular agonist for TRPM2.

Conclusion

These results indicate that GSH plays a physiologically relevant role in the regulation of TRPM2 currents in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. This interaction may play an important role in aging and neurological diseases associated with depletion of GSH.
On the propagation of a disturbance in a heterogeneous, deformable, porous medium saturated with two fluid phases
Authors: Vasco D. W. , Minkoff Susan E.
Published: April 2012

The coupled modeling of the flow of two immiscible fluid phases in a heterogeneous, elastic, porous material is formulated in a manner analogous to that for a single fluid phase. An asymptotic technique, valid when the heterogeneity is smoothly varying, is used to derive equations for the phase velocities of the various modes of propagation. A cubic equation is associated with the phase velocities of the longitudinal modes. The coefficients of the cubic equation are expressed in terms of sums of the determinants of [Formula: see text] matrices whose elements are the parameters found in the governing equations. In addition to the three longitudinal modes, there is a transverse mode of propagation, a generalization of the elastic shear wave. Estimates of the phase velocities for a homogeneous medium, based upon the formulas in this paper, agree with previous studies. Furthermore, predictions of longitudinal and transverse phase velocities, made for the Massilon sandstone containing varying amounts of air and water, are compatible with laboratory observations.
What is the future of specialisation in dentistry? A personal view
Authors: O’Brien Kevin
Published: April 2012

I have been asked to provide an update on my personal view of specialisation in dentistry.This viewpoint is entirely my own and does not represent any other body or organisation.Am I in a position to have a viewpoint? Over several years, I have been a specialty programme lead, member of a Specialist Advisory Committee (part of the Joint Committee for SpecialistTraining in Dentistry), Chair of the General Dental Council (GDC) Specialist Dental Education Board and now Chair of the GDC Education Committee.As a result, I am up to date with many of the issues that we are all facing. I hope that I can cover the important and relevant issues in this short article and please tolerate that this is from a viewpoint, based on the experiences that I have listed.
Balancing research and teaching in dental clinical academic life
Authors: Drummond John R
Published: April 2012

In this short opinion article, I reflect on how the balance between teaching and research has changed over the last three, or so, decades.Whilst concluding that it is vital that dental schools engage in research, it seems to me that external factors, and in particular successive Research Assessment Exercises (RAEs), have orientated our effort too far away from teaching.There needs to be much more recognition that teaching is our main priority and those who excel as teachers need to be rewarded equally with those who excel at research.Universities who are privileged to host dental schools must realise what is so special about a dental degree and why it needs the clinical academic teaching staff it does.
Exploring the link between periodontal disese and general health issues
Authors: Singhrao Sim K , Crean St John
Published: April 2012

The commonality in periodontitis with diverse inflammatory diseases is the silent emergence of pathology within the affected organ suggestive of a continual lowgrade chronic inflammation. The systemic circulation appears to be the conduit that disseminates inflammatory effectors from a given site to distant organs. Although definitive evidence remains tantalisingly out of reach, the inflammatory link between periodontitis and diseases such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer’s disease, involving cellular and humoral components of the innate immune response, is highly plausible.
Risk management: have we got it right?
Authors: Tiernan John
Published: April 2012

The subject of risk management and patient safety is common in the newspapers and other forms of media in 2010. The increasing publicity surrounding professional error is not just confined to the UK. Healthcare professionals are under increased scrutiny and different risk management strategies are required to those that existed previously. This article suggests some key principles and strategies to help dental healthcare professionals reduce their risk of a professional challenge.
First Tier 5 International Training Fellow in Dentistry to complete training
Authors: Wilson Margaret , Burke Maria
Published: April 2012

The new clinical training scheme for overseas dentists under Tier 5, Medical Training Initiative (MTI) of the UK Border Agency has been reported.1
Managing the clinicians: benefits to the public?
Authors: Saravanamuttu Ravi
Published: April 2012

In recent years, there has apparently been a loss of faith in the clinical professions by the public. This perception has been emphasised by some well-publicised cases which have received extensive media coverage and public opprobrium.
Cosmetic dentistry: a risky business?
Authors: Merivale Jane
Published: April 2012

Like it or not, the ‘smile makeover’ has arrived and created quite a stir, generating excitement in some dental circles and disquiet in others. Some wish to emulate the trendy new arrival while others see only trouble ahead.
The history of the Faculty of General Dental Practice (UK)
Authors: Farrell Shelagh
Published: April 2012

The history of the Faculty of General Dental Practice (UK) starts with the Faculty of Dental Surgery proposing an examination for general dental practitioners – the Membership in General Dental Surgery (MGDS)– first held in 1979. Many of the first graduates were well-established, middle-aged practitioners with a fervour for standards and a will for recognition of good practice. This examination brought them no reward except self-esteem and camaraderie with like-thinking practitioners.
Planning dental services for an ageing population
Authors: Rooney Eric
Published: April 2012

Older people are living longer, keeping their teeth for longer but increasingly facing diseases associated with ageing, including dementia. The ability of older people to maintain good oral health, and the ability of dental professionals to maintain their heavily restored dentitions, presents a challenge in planning services for the future. There needs to be a focus on personal prevention for those who will move into old age over the next 20 years. We must also develop services which address the complexity of delivering professional prevention and treatment to those who need to be supported in their later years.
Is old age compatible with oral health?
Authors: Walls Angus
Published: April 2012

The answer to this question must depend on the definition of oral health. Within the UK, oral health has been defined as the ‘standard of health of the oral and related tissues which enables an individual to eat, speak and socialise without active disease, discomfort or embarrassment and which contributes to general wellbeing’.1 What is there about ageing and oral health status that may interfere with this defined state?
Using the mouse to understand the molecular basis of human craniofacial disorders
Authors: Seppala Maisa , Geoghegan Finn , Xavier Guilherme , Cobourne Martyn T
Published: April 2012

At first glance the humble mouse might seem an odd choice as a model for studying complex human craniofacial disorders. However, similarities in embryonic development and genome organisation, and our ability to manipulate its genes have made this species the model of choice for investigating human development. Here we describe some examples from our own laboratory of mouse models that are providing insight into the mechanisms underlying two human craniofacial syndromes.
Pain and dental pain: current perspectives
Authors: Ferguson David
Published: April 2012

What is pain? How does stimulation of apparently simple nerve endings cause the agony of toothache? Why does the pain disappear when the patient makes an appointment to see the dentist? Research into the mechanisms of pain, its emotional overtones, and how emotions modify the experience of pain, is producing answers to these questions. Dental pain is a special example but the same rules apply for pain elsewhere in the body.
Oral presentation of haematological disease
Authors: O’Connor David , Hipkins Rupert , Murray Jim
Published: April 2012

Oral signs and symptoms can become apparent early in the onset of haematological disease, meaning initial presentation may be to the dental practitioner. It is therefore essential that dental practitioners have an awareness of such signs, allowing suitable referral and timely diagnosis of these disorders. In this review we will provide an introduction to both benign and malignant haematological diseases, particularly concentrating on the associated oral changes. We will also provide advice on further investigation and management of these conditions, relevant to all healthcare professionals working within dentistry.
The Matter of blár in Tristrams kvæði
Authors: Van Deusen Natalie M.
Published: April 2012

This article explores the color of the sails on Ísodd the Fair's ship in three of the four versions of Tristrams kvæði . Specifically, it discusses Ísodd the Dark's declaration of the sails' color as svört instead of blá in light of what seems to be a semantic overlap between svartr and blár in Old Norse-Icelandic.
Writing in the Margins: Norse Arthurian Sagas as Palimpsests
Authors: Lacy Norris J.
Published: April 2012

This is a comparative study of three Old Norse translations/adaptations of French romances. The focus is on certain of the modifications made in the Norse romances as part of the process of 'acculturation,' the need to modify texts to align them with the differing assumptions of another cultural context.
Trade Reform, Job Quality And Wages Of The Working Poor In Egypt: Evidence From Manufacturing Panel Data
Authors: Said Mona
Published: April 2012

This paper examines the impact of accelerating privatization and trade liberalization initiatives on wage and job quality outcomes of the working poor in the Egyptian manufacturing sector. Determinants of wage and job quality are estimated using panel and quantile regression methods and utilizing newly available labor survey data, merged with trade variables that capture decreased protection and increased competitive pressures over the period 1998-2006. Although the results indicate that trade reform in the form of lower tariffs and increased export promotion exert a small positive influence on the incomes of the poor, this might come at the expense of higher incidence of low quality jobs. Trade-related variables in general exert a minor influence on labor rewards for the poor in comparison to private sector employment and gender, which remain the main segmenting factors in the labor market. These findings underscore the importance of social protection and gender specific safety nets during the process of privatization. As trade liberalization progresses, policies that promote higher labor standard and „decent jobs. need also to be addressed.
Writing About Violence in a Secular Age: Conrad's Solution
Authors: Wexler Joyce
Published: April 2012

Twentieth-century writers continually claimed that the "nightmare" of contemporary violence was inexpressible. In the past, communal beliefs had justified or condemned the most horrific acts, but the late nineteenth-century crisis of belief made any consensus about the meaning of violence unattainable. This situation produced an aesthetic dilemma because representation always conveys beliefs. Heart of Darkness offered a solution to this dilemma. Standing at the confluence of nineteenth-century realism and turn-of-thecentury symbolism, Joseph Conrad represented the "nightmare" of colonialism by attaching symbolic meanings to realistic accounts of a historically recognizable world. Although this solution has become the target of ethical and political protests, notably those of Chinua Achebe and Fredric Jameson, the multiple meanings of symbolism reflect the competing beliefs of a secular culture. Embedding historical events in multiple narrative patterns, symbolism preserves the structure of meaning without imposing any single meaning.
A Fordham Year of Death and Life
Authors: Schroth Raymond A.
Published: April 2012

This essay will serve as the Prologue to the book in progress, Fordham Lives , a personal history of Fordham University as told through the lives and college experiences of young men and women who have gone through this university since its founding in 1841. The story of the year told here is significant because the school's identity was both tested and proven by the extraordinary suffering which many members of the community endured.
Reflections in the Water: Society and Recreational Facilities, a Case Study of Public Swimming Pools in Mississippi
Authors: Smith P. Caleb
Published: April 2012

En años recientes, los geógrafos han estado cada vez más interesados en la idea de los paisajes racializados. En el Sur de los Estados Unidos, esto le añade una nueva capa a algunos ya altamente calificados lugares de conflicto de identidad racial. Aunque las piscinas son generalmente vistas por la sociedad como sitios de recreo y socialización, este artículo las conceptualiza como lugares racializados en el paisaje. Aquí, un grupo de piscinas se estudia a través de un período de tiempo para analizar no solamente su historia, sino que también su lugar dentro de la construcción social de la raza y las políticas raciales en los Estados Unidos. A través de un análisis de las piscinas públicas de Mississippi, este artículo demuestra como la identidad racial y el cambio social afectaron las piscinas públicas y vinieron a jugar un papel determinante en si éstas disminuyeron o sobrevivieron a través del tiempo. Este estudio contribuye a la investigación actual sobre raza y el paisaje al ampliar la discusión para incluir los espacios públicos de recreación.
Mentoring and other challenges in art-based enquiry: You will figure it out
Authors: Moon Bruce L.
Published: April 2012

This article traces an art therapy practitioner/educator’s history with art therapy research and recounts significant influences that helped the author develop a clear sense of the importance of art-based modes of enquiry. Particular attention is given to the scepticism in the
professional art therapy community regarding arts-based methodologies and the pivotal role of mentorship in overcoming such reservations. A plea is made for integrating arts practices into the ways researchers initiate questions, gather and analyse data, and articulate findings. The author
calls on art therapy researchers to bring their artistic sensibilities to every question and problem, and to use those sensibilities in every presentation and scholarly production.
Graphics and gratification: Exploring the link between technology and enjoyment in video games
Authors: Joeckel Sven , Bowman Nicholas David
Published: April 2012

The present study focuses on the influence of improved video game console technology on enjoyment of games played on a sixth- (PlayStation 2) and seventh- (Xbox 360) generation video game console. In a 2 (game console) X2 (game type) mixed-factorial experimental design (N=64), technological
advancement, namely, improved video game graphical processing (the most-salient technological difference between the consoles), was manipulated by having participants play an identical game from either the action or racing genre on both consoles. Although significant differences in the evaluation
of game play graphics and other important game characteristics were found between consoles, no statistically significant main effect of the platform on enjoyment was reported; rather, game enjoyment was most affected by perceived usability for both consoles irrespective of gaming technology.
Additionally, willingness to pay was positively influenced by game enjoyment, but not by game technology.
Memory and heritage in Second Life: Recreating Lisbon in a virtual world
Authors: Ferreira Cátia
Published: April 2012

Second Life is an open-ended virtual world owned by Linden Lab. One of the main characteristics of this virtual environment is the prevalence of user-generated content – 99 per cent of the game content was created by residents. Due to its characteristics, Second Life is the ideal
platform to develop virtual representations of first life spaces. Different national spaces are being built throughout this virtual world, and Lisbon is one of the cities represented. Urban spaces and places in the city are represented in several locations. One of the most complex projects
is ‘City and Spectacle: A Vision of Pre-Earthquake Lisbon’, a project that aims to build a virtual version of the city of Lisbon before the 1755 earthquake. Using this project as the starting point for my analysis, the aim of this article is to understand the potential of virtual
worlds like Second Life for the remediation of city memories through the virtual representation of heritage sites that are part of our collective memory.
Mitotic Spindle Form and Function
Authors: Winey Mark , Bloom Kerry
Published: April 2012

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitotic spindle in budding yeast is exemplified by its simplicity and elegance. Microtubules are nucleated from a crystalline array of proteins organized in the nuclear envelope, known as the spindle pole body in yeast (analogous to the centrosome in larger eukaryotes). The spindle has two classes of nuclear microtubules: kinetochore microtubules and interpolar microtubules. One kinetochore microtubule attaches to a single centromere on each chromosome, while approximately four interpolar microtubules emanate from each pole and interdigitate with interpolar microtubules from the opposite spindle to provide stability to the bipolar spindle. On the cytoplasmic face, two to three microtubules extend from the spindle pole toward the cell cortex. Processes requiring microtubule function are limited to spindles in mitosis and to spindle orientation and nuclear positioning in the cytoplasm. Microtubule function is regulated in large part via products of the 6 kinesin gene family and the 1 cytoplasmic dynein gene. A single bipolar kinesin (Cin8, class Kin-5), together with a depolymerase (Kip3, class Kin-8) or minus-end-directed kinesin (Kar3, class Kin-14), can support spindle function and cell viability. The remarkable feature of yeast cells is that they can survive with microtubules and genes for just two motor proteins, thus providing an unparalleled system to dissect microtubule and motor function within the spindle machine.
Influência de temperatura, luz e giberelina na germinação de sementes de Thlaspi caerulescens J. Presl & C. Presl (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Guimarães Marcelo de Almeida , Vidigal Deborah de Souza , Loureiro Marcelo Ehlers , Dias Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos , Guimarães Amanda Rodrigues
Published: April 2012

Thlaspi caerulescens é espécie hiperacumuladora de metais como Cd2+, Ni2+ e Zn2+, considerada como uma plantamodelo para estudar a acumulação e tolerância a metais pesados. No entanto, a baixa produção de sementes em nossas condições climáticas tornam necessária a determinação de condições que possam maximizar a germinação e o vigor de suas sementes. Para identificar as melhores condições para a germinação, sementes de T. caerulescens foram colocadas na presença (15 mmol.m-2.s-1, 8 h luz/16 h escuro) ou ausência de luz nas temperaturas de 10, 15, 20 e 25 ºC, em papel germitest previamente umedecido com solução de ácido giberélico (GA3) a 0,05% ou água destilada. Foram avaliados a porcentagem de germinação (%G) e o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG). Maior porcentagem de germinação (66%) foi observada nos tratamentos com GA3 e temperaturas de 15 e 20 ºC, na presença de luz. Maiores valores do IVG foram obtidos com a utilização de GA3 nas temperaturas de 15 e 20 ºC, tanto na presença quanto na ausência de luz. Maiores germinação e IVG de T. caerulescens foram observados com uso de GA3 na presença de luz nas temperaturas de 15 e 20 ºC.
Caracterização físico-química de frutos cítricos apirênicos produzidos em Viçosa, Minas Gerais
Authors: Santos Dierlei dos , Matarazzo Pedro Henrique Monteiro , Silva Danieele Fabíola Pereira da , Siqueira Dalmo Lopes de , Santos Daiane Cristina Marques dos , Lucena Cícero Cartaxo de
Published: April 2012

A ausência de sementes em frutos cítricos é uma característica altamente desejável e há demanda crescente por esses frutos, por consumidores mais exigentes. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se, avaliar algumas características físicoquímicas dos frutos de oito variedades apirênicas, recém-introduzidas na Zona da Mata Mineira. Avaliaram-se cinco frutos de cada uma das três plantas que compõem cada acesso no matrizeiro. Os frutos foram colhidos e levados ao laboratório, onde foram determinados a coloração da casca e polpa, altura e diâmetro do fruto, espessura da casca, presença de granulação, contagem do número de gomos, rendimento de suco, ATT, SST e ratio (SST/ATT). As variedades 'Okitsu' e 'Ortanique' apresentaram melhor coloração de casca e polpa. A granulação foi observada em 'Okitsu', 'Clemenules', 'Nova' e 'Marisol'. 'Salustiana', 'Navelina' e 'Ortanique' apresentaram os melhores rendimentos de suco e ausência total de granulação. Os maiores teores de SST e ATT foram observados em 'Salustiana' e 'Clemenules'. O ratio, no intervalo considerado adequado, foi observado nas variedades 'Navelina' e 'Navelate', caracterizando a melhor adaptação. 'Ortanique' teve bom desempenho em todas as características avaliadas, exceto no ratio, por sua baixa acidez. As variedades 'Navelina', 'Navelate' e 'Ortanique', no conjunto geral das características, foram as que apresentaram frutos de melhor qualidade.
Eficiência no uso de fósforo de variedades de arroz cultivadas em solos de várzea irrigada
Authors: Rotili Eliane Aparecida , Fidelis Rodrigo Ribeiro , Santos Manoel Mota dos , Castro Neto Manoel Delintro de , Kichel Elisângela , Cancellier Eduardo Lopes
Published: April 2012

A cultura do arroz destaca-se como uma das mais importantes do mundo, por apresentar facilidade de adaptação a condições edafoclimáticas distintas. Cultivado e consumido em todos continentes, o arroz destaca-se pela produção e área de cultivo, desempenhando papel estratégico tanto em nível econômico quanto social. No Brasil, a maior parcela da produção de arroz é proveniente do ecossistema de várzea. Este trabalho objetivou estudar a eficiência e resposta ao uso de fósforo de variedades de arroz (Oryza sativa L.), em várzea irrigada, no Sudoeste do Estado de Tocantins. Os tratamentos envolveram oito variedades comerciais de arroz (BRS-Jaçanã, Best-2000, BRS-Guará, BRS-Alvorada, BRA-01381, AN-Cambará, BRS 7-Taim e EPAGRI-109), que foram cultivadas em dois ambientes distintos. Para simular ambientes com baixo e alto níveis de fósforo, foram utilizadas as doses de 20 e 120 kg ha-1 de P2O5, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Por meio da produtividade de grãos, as variedades foram classificadas quanto à eficiência no uso e resposta à aplicação de fósforo. Demonstrou-se que apenas a variedade BRS-Alvorada é eficiente quanto ao uso de fósforo e responsiva a sua aplicação.
Produtividade e qualidade de figos Roxo de Valinhos submetidos à fertirrigação e ao armazenamento refrigerado
Authors: Fronza Diniz , Brackmann Auri , Carlesso Reimar , Anese Rogério de Oliveira , Both Vanderlei , Pavanello Elizandra Pivotto , Hamann Jonas
Published: April 2012

A baixa produtividade de figos no Brasil geralmente está relacionada com as deficiências hídrica e nutricional. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da fertirrigação com doses de nitrogênio e potássio sobre a produtividade e qualidade dos figos do cultivar Roxo de Valinhos durante o armazenamento refrigerado. O experimento de campo foi realizado durante dois anos, e que no último ano os frutos foram armazenados na temperatura de 0,5 °C por 15 dias. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação das doses de 150, 250, 350 e 450 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio (N) e 150, 250 e 350 kg ha¹ de potássio (K) fornecidas via fertirrigação. Segundo os resultados, doses de até 250 kg ha-1 de N e K na fertirrigação elevam a produtividade de figos Roxo de Valinhos, e estas doses conduzem a maior produtividade entre os tratamentos avaliados. A fertirrigação aumentou em 96,7% a produtividade de figos verdes e 49% a de figos maduros em comparação ao tratamento padrão. Os níveis de N, K e a forma de aplicação não influenciam a qualidade dos frutos durante o armazenamento refrigerado.
Morphometry of testis and seminiferous tubules of the adult crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous, Linnaeus, 1766)
Authors: Caldeira Bianca Cabral , Paula Tarcízio Antônio Rêgo de , Matta Sérgio Luis Pinto da , Balarini Mayte Koch , Campos Pamella Kelly Araújo
Published: April 2012

Body and testicular biometric parameters are very important for establishing reproductive patterns and, consequently, the development of protocols for assisted reproduction in different species. A direct correlation between the testis weight and the sperm population was observed in other studied species, because the testis size primarily reflects the total volume of the seminiferous tubule, its main component. The objective of this study was to determine the testicular volume parameters and correlate data from morphometry of testis and seminiferous tubules with body mass in six adult crab-eating foxes. The mean body weight of the crab-eating foxes in this study was 6.53 kg, with approximately 0.068% allocated to the testicular mass and 0.042% specifically to seminiferous tubules, which represented 87.5% of the testicular parenchyma. The albuginea comprised 12.5% of the testicular mass. The mean diameter of seminiferous tubules was 236 µm, and the mean thickness of the seminiferous epithelium was 62.9 µm. Values of tubular parameters indicate a sperm productivity close to those observed in previously studied carnivores.
Correlações e análise de trilha em clones de seringueira
Authors: Aguiar Adriano Tosoni da Eira , Martins Antonio Lúcio Mello , Gonçalves Elaine Cristine Piffer , Scaloppi Júnior Erivaldo José , Branco Roberto Botelho Ferraz
Published: April 2012

O conhecimento das características presentes nos genótipos é de extrema importância na condução de trabalhos de seleção e melhoramento. O objetivo foi avaliar as relações entre os caracteres agronômicos e anatômicos da casca, bem como seus efeitos diretos e indiretos sobre a produção de borracha seca da seringueira, mediante análise de trilha. Avaliaram-se seis clones de seringueira no delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, no Pólo Regional de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico dos Agronegócios do Centro Norte da Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, município de Pindorama, São Paulo, Brasil, no ano de 2005. Valor de correlação positivo e significativo foi observado apenas entre a produção de borracha seca e o número de anéis de vasos laticíferos (r = 0,88). Os caracteres perímetro do caule e número de anéis de vasos laticíferos apresentaram os maiores efeitos diretos sobre a produção de borracha seca. Por outro lado, a espessura da casca e o diâmetro dos anéis de vasos laticíferos mostraram efeitos diretos negativos e com altas magnitudes. A seleção indireta via número de anéis de vasos laticíferos proporcionará ganhos durante o processo de seleção em programas de melhoramento da seringueira.
Inter-relações de nitrogênio e fósforo na capacidade de combinação e na seleção em milho
Authors: Souza Leandro Vagno de , Miranda Glauco Vieira , Galvão João Carlos Cardoso , DeLima Rodrigo Oliveira , Guimarães Lauro José Moreira , Eckert Fernando Roberto , Mantovani Éder Eduardo
Published: April 2012

Tem sido observada, em milho, a redução da absorção de nitrogênio (N), por causa da deficiência de fósforo (P), mas o efeito dessa combinação na seleção de genitores ainda precisa de estudos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar os efeitos das inter-relações de P e N na capacidade de combinação e seleção de genitores de milho. As 28 combinações híbridas (CH), obtidas de um dialelo completo entre oito genótipos de milho e três testemunhas, foram avaliadas em quatro ambientes, obtidos pelas combinações de alta e baixa disponibilidade de P e N. Avaliaram-se o rendimento de grãos (RG) e as características secundárias: altura de plantas (AP) e espigas (AE), índice de colheita (IC), peso volumétrico (PV), prolificidade (PRL) e massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA). O efeito do estresse de N no RG foi similar em baixo e alto P. O genótipo P3041 apresentou alto RG em todos os ambientes. As correlações genéticas das características secundárias com o RG foram afetadas pelos ambientes. Em alto P, a capacidade geral de combinação (CGC) foi significativa para RG apenas em alto N. Em baixo P, a CGC apresentou significância em ambos os níveis de N. Os genótipos AG1051 e P3041 tiveram estimativas positivas de CGC em todos os ambientes. Conclui-se que, para o rendimento de grãos, a CGC somente não é importante em alto P e baixo N e a CEC não é importante em estresse de P ou N.
Produção e qualidade de frutos da goiabeira 'Paluma', submetida à diferentes épocas de poda em clima subtropical
Authors: Ramos Dayana Portes , Silva Andréa Carvalho da , Leonel Sarita , Costa Sérgio Marques , Damatto Júnior Erval Rafael
Published: April 2012

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção e a qualidade dos frutos da goiabeira 'Paluma' com cinco anos de idade, submetida a podas drásticas, em diferentes meses, na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel FCA/UNESP, Campus de Botucatu-SP. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e dez repetições, com uma planta útil por parcela experimental, completamente rodeada por quatro plantas na bordadura. Os tratamentos corresponderam aos seguintes meses de poda: T1: sem poda (testemunha), T2: poda em agosto, T3: poda em setembro e T4: poda em outubro. As características avaliadas foram: número, peso médio, diâmetros longitudinal e transversal dos frutos, produção por planta, produtividade, teores de sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), relação SS/AT e pH. Com relação ao número de dias entre o início e o final das colheitas (período produtivo), observou-se que a poda, independentemente da época, favoreceu o aumento do intervalo de produção. As goiabeiras submetidas à poda em agosto apresentaram maiores valores de número médio de frutos (385) e de produção por planta (58,82 kg planta-1), diferindo das outras épocas. Os teores de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, pH e relação SS/AT dos frutos não foram influenciados pelas épocas de realização da poda.