bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High‐efficiency stretchable organic light‐emitting diodes based on ultra‐flexible printed embedded metal composite electrodes
Authors: Yao Lan‐Qian , Qin Yue , Li Xiang‐Chun , Xue Qian , Liu Fang , Cheng Tao , Li Guan‐Jun , Zhang Xinwen , Lai Wen‐Yong
Published: March 2023

Stretchable organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are important components for flexible/wearable electronics. However, the efficiency of the existing stretchable OLEDs is still much lower as compared with their rigid counterparts, one of the main reasons being the lack of ideal flexible transparent electrodes. Herein, we propose and develop a printed embedded metal composite electrode (PEMCE) strategy that enables the fabrication of ultra‐thin, highly flexible transparent electrodes with robust mechanical properties. With the flexible transparent electrodes serves as the anodes, flexible/stretchable white OLEDs have been successfully constructed, achieving a current efficiency of up to 77.4 cd A−1 and a maximum luminance of 34 787 cd m−2. The current efficiency of the resulting stretchable OLEDs is the highest ever reported for flexible/stretchable white OLEDs, which is about 1.2 times higher than that of the reference rigid devices based on ITO/glass electrodes. The excellent optoelectronic properties of the printed embedded transparent electrodes and the light extraction effect of the Ag‐mesh account for the significant increase in current efficiency. Remarkably, the electroluminescence performance still retains ~83% of the original luminance even after bending the device 2000 cycles at a radii of ~0.5 mm. More importantly, the device can withstand tensile strains of up to ~100%, and even mechanical deformation of 90% tensile strain does not result in a significant loss of electroluminescence performance with current efficiency and luminance maintained at over 85%. The results confirm that the PEMCE strategy is effective for constructing ultra‐flexible transparent electrodes, showing great promise for use in a variety of flexible/stretchable electronics.

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The influence of data characteristics on interrater agreement among visual analysts
Authors: Wolfe Katie , Seaman Michael A.
Published: March 2023

Visual analysis is the primary method of analyzing single‐case research data, yet relatively little is known about the variables that influence raters' decisions and rater agreement. Previous research has suggested that trend, variability, and autocorrelation may negatively affect interrater agreement, but studies have been limited by small numbers of graphs and participants whose knowledge of single‐case research was not described. The purpose of this study was to examine the main and interaction effects of two values of each of six data characteristics (e.g., level, trend, and number of data points) on agreement among visual analysts. Using data from Lanovaz and Hranchuk (2021), we examined odds ratios to identify data characteristics that influence interrater agreement. Results suggest that trend and effect size, and to a lesser extent variability, have the largest effects on interrater agreement. We discuss the implications of our results for future research on improving interrater agreement among visual analysts.
Mapping the evidence on clinical activities and outcome measures of pharmacist‐involved collaborative care models in managing diabetes: A scoping review
Authors: Lum Zheng Kang , Xu Yingqi , Gallagher Paul John , Lee Joyce Yu‐Chia
Published: March 2023

Objective

This scoping review aimed to map the extent and range of evidence on the clinical activities performed and types of outcomes evaluated in pharmacist‐involved collaborative care models for diabetes management.

Methods

This scoping review was guided by the five‐stage methodological framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley. Publications in the English language were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL and the databases were searched from inception to 31 May 2022. Abstracts, conference proceedings, brief reports, and commentaries were excluded. Key search terms were “interprofessional collaborative care,” “pharmacist,” “type 2 diabetes,” and “outcome.” Microsoft Excel was used for data charting and descriptive computations were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences.

Results

A total of 208 articles were identified, and after excluding 178 articles (and duplicates), 30 articles were reviewed. Most of the studies (56.7%) were conducted in the United States of America and were randomized controlled trials (50.0%) followed by cohort studies (36.7%). The most common clinical activity identified was provision of health‐ and medication‐related education (80.0%), followed by lifestyle counseling (76.7%) and development of individualized care plan and goal setting (63.3%). Other clinical activities were review of laboratory records, medication review and dose adjustments, optimization of medication adherence, minimization of drug‐related problems, identify referral to other care providers, and conduct physical assessments. HbA1c was the most reported clinical outcome (n = 26, 86.7%), with 11 studies evaluating patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) such as medication adherence, diabetes knowledge, self‐care, quality of life, diabetes distress, and treatment satisfaction.

Conclusion

Clinical activities performed by pharmacists were heterogenous across studies and based on patients' needs. While pharmacist‐involved collaborative care models were posited as person‐centric outcome, PROs were lacking in most studies. Evaluating PROs are essential in guiding the implementation of such people‐centric care models.
Dietary phosphate restriction prevents the appearance of sarcopenia signs in old mice
Authors: Alcalde‐Estévez Elena , Sosa Patricia , Asenjo‐Bueno Ana , Plaza Patricia , Valenzuela Pedro L. , Naves‐Díaz Manuel , Olmos Gemma , López‐Ongil Susana , Ruiz‐Torres María P.
Published: March 2023

Background

Sarcopenia is defined by the progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and function associated with aging. We have previously proposed that aging‐related hyperphosphataemia is linked with the appearance of sarcopenia signs. Because there are not effective treatments to prevent sarcopenia, except for resistance exercise, we propose here to analyse whether the dietary restriction of phosphate could be a useful strategy to improve muscle function and structure in an animal model of aging.

Methods

Five‐month‐old (young), 24‐month‐old (old) and 28‐month‐old (geriatric) male C57BL6 mice were used. Old and geriatric mice were divided into two groups, one fed with a standard diet (0.6% phosphate) and the other fed with a low‐phosphate (low‐P) diet (0.2% phosphate) for 3 or 7 months, respectively. A phosphate binder, Velphoro®, was also supplemented in a group of old mice, mixed with a standard milled diet for 3 months. Muscle mass was measured by the weight of gastrocnemius and tibial muscles, and quality by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) and histological staining assays. Muscle strength was measured by grip test and contractile properties of the tibialis muscle by electrical stimulation of the common peroneal nerve. Gait parameters were analysed during the spontaneous locomotion of the mice with footprinting. Orientation and motor coordination were evaluated using a static rod test.

Results

Old mice fed with low‐P diet showed reduced serum phosphate concentration (16.46 ± 0.77 mg/dL young; 21.24 ± 0.95 mg/dL old; 17.46 ± 0.82 mg/dL low‐P diet). Old mice fed with low‐P diet displayed 44% more mass in gastrocnemius muscles with respect to old mice (P = 0.004). NMRI revealed a significant reduction in T2 relaxation time (P = 0.014) and increased magnetization transfer (P = 0.045) and mean diffusivity (P = 0.045) in low‐P diet‐treated mice compared with their coetaneous. The hypophosphataemic diet increased the fibre size and reduced the fibrotic area by 52% in gastrocnemius muscle with respect to old mice (P = 0.002). Twitch force and tetanic force were significantly increased in old mice fed with the hypophosphataemic diet (P = 0.004 and P = 0.014, respectively). Physical performance was also improved, increasing gait speed by 30% (P = 0.032) and reducing transition time in the static rod by 55% (P = 0.012). Similar results were found when diet was supplemented with Velphoro®.

Conclusions

The dietary restriction of phosphate in old mice improves muscle quantity and quality, muscle strength and physical performance. Similar results were found using the phosphate binder Velphoro®, supporting the role of phosphate in the impairment of muscle structure and function that occurs during aging.
Sustained force production by the jaw‐adductor muscles of a megalophagous frog, Ceratophrys cranwelli
Authors: Powell Anthony R. , Deban Stephen M. , Lappin A. Kristopher
Published: March 2023

Most frogs have weak jaws that play a relatively minor role in tongue‐mediated prey capture. Horned frogs (Ceratophrys spp.), however, follow the projection of a large tongue with a vice‐like grip of their jaws to hold and immobilize prey. Prey include relatively large vertebrates, which they may restrain for minutes to possibly hours. High endurance behaviors, such as prolonged biting, require that muscles be capable of sustained force production. The feeding behavior of Ceratophrys suggests that their jaw‐adductor muscles may be capable of powering sustained bites for long periods. We examined the capacity for sustained bite force by conducting an in situ experiment during which we measured bite force while bilaterally and supramaximally stimulating the jaw‐adductor muscles of euthanized Cranwell's horned frogs (C. cranwelli). Muscles were stimulated for at least 60 min with a series of tetanic trains, with one experiment lasting over 6 h. We found that a significant sustained force develops during the first few minutes of the experiment, and this force is present between tetanic trains when the muscles are not being stimulated. The sustained force persists long after tetanic forces are barely detectable. The observed sustained force phenomenon parallels that observed for the jaw‐adductor muscles of alligator lizards (Elgaria), another animal capable of sustained biting. The ability to bite with sustained and significant force by C. cranwelli may be facilitated by a configuration of different muscle fiber types, such as slow tonic fibers, as well as specializations in the muscle fibers that mitigate the effects of fatigue.
The diversity in the clinical features of children hospitalized with COVID‐19 during the nonvariant, Alpha (B.1.1.7), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant periods of SARS CoV‐2: Caution for neurological symptoms in Omicron variant
Authors: Sahin Aslıhan , Karadag‐Oncel Eda , Buyuksen Osman , Ekemen‐Keles Yildiz , Ustundag Gulnihan , Elvan‐Tuz Aysegul , Tasar Selin , Didinmez‐Taskirdi Elif , Baykan Muge , Kara‐Aksay Ahu , Yilmaz Nisel , Olgac‐Dundar Nihal , Yilmaz Dilek
Published: March 2023

Since the COVID‐19 pandemic began, various severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants have been identified with different characteristics than the nonvariant strain. We retrospectively evaluated the demographic and clinical differences in the cohort of hospitalized COVID‐19 children (1 month–18 years old) between March 11, 2020, and September 31, 2022, by the time the variants identified in our country predominate. Bonferroni post hoc analysis was performed to compare the differences between the periods. Of the 283 children in this study, 142 (50.2%) were females. The median age was 36 (interquartile range [IQR]: 7–132) months. Sixty‐three (22.2%) patients were hospitalized in the nonvariant period, 24 (8.5%) in the Alpha period, 93 (32.9%) in the Delta period, and 103 (36.4%) in the Omicron period. Fever was the most common symptom in all groups, with no statistically significant differences (p = 0.25). In the Omicron period, respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms decreased, and neurological symptoms increased significantly compared to other periods: [respiratory symptoms; nonvariant (65.1%) vs. Omicron (41.7%), (p = 0.024)], [gastrointestinal symptoms; Delta (41.9%) vs. Omicron (22.3%), (p = 0.018), [neurological symptoms; Delta (14.5%) vs. Omicron (31.1%), (p = 0.03]. Altered mental status and seizures were more common during the Omicron period compared to the pre‐Omicron (nonvariant, Alpha, and Delta) period (p = 0.017 and p = 0.005, respectively). Although the main symptoms in children with COVID‐19 were fever and respiratory symptoms, an increase in severe neurological manifestations was seen throughout the Omicron variant period.
Impact of the introduction of marketplace channel on e‐tailer's logistics service strategy
Authors: Chen Lin , Dong Ting , Nan Guofang , Xiao Qinzi , Xu Meng , Ming Junren
Published: March 2023

We recently observe that some giant e‐tailers (e.g., Amazon and JD.com) introduce marketplace channels by allowing third‐party sellers to sell products through their platforms. Logistics service acts as a vital role in the operation of online platforms. In practice, the platform can outsource logistics service to third‐party logistics providers (named as a third‐party logistics strategy) or establish a self‐run logistics network to distribute products (named as a self‐run logistics strategy). This paper investigates the e‐tailer's logistics service strategy in the presence of the marketplace channel's introduction. We reveal that the cost of logistics service plays a major role in determining the optimal logistics strategy. The self‐run logistics strategy provides a low logistics service cost to the platform, which results in a higher consumer surplus in comparison with the third‐party logistics strategy. Further, we find that when the logistics service cost is low, the platform prefers to establish self‐run logistics in the presence of the marketplace channel. Finally, our results show that under the third‐party logistics strategy, the platform benefits from the marketplace channel in the presence of an intermediate commission fee and a low discount factor. Based on game‐theoretic models, some managerial insights are suggested for online retailers to choose the optimal logistics service strategy in the presence of introducing the marketplace channel.
Natural course of fat necrosis after deep inferior epigastric perforator flap‐based breast reconstruction: Evaluation based on ultrasound examination
Authors: Moon JeeHyun , Park Hae‐Yeon , Lee Kyeong‐Tae , Mun Goo‐Hyun
Published: March 2023

Background

Fat necrosis, often developing following deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap‐based breast reconstruction, is not a negligible complication. This study aimed to conduct a longitudinal assessment of the clinical course of fat necrosis in breast reconstruction with DIEP flap.

Methods

Among patients undergoing immediate DIEP flap‐based breast reconstruction between 2009 and 2017, those who developed fat necrosis on ultrasonographic examination and did not undergo surgical intervention for the lesion were reviewed. Changes in lesion size over time were assessed based on regular ultrasound examinations.

Results

A total of 37 cases were analyzed, with a mean follow‐up of 52.6 months (range, 19–114). Their mean age was 45.8 years, and the mean body mass index was 23.4 kg/m2. Of these, 21 lesions had disappeared over time. The mean time from detection to the disappearance was 30.4 months. The remaining 16 lesions did not disappear and persisted for a median follow‐up of 43.5 months. Compared with the lesions that persisted, those that disappeared were significantly smaller in initial size (p = 0.040) and had a lower inset ratio of the harvested flap (p = 0.006). The optimal cutoff value for the initial size for disappearance was ≤1.97 cm. Among the lesions >1.97 cm in size, 6 (35.3%) of 17 lesions disappeared, whereas in those ≤1.97 cm, 15 (75.0%) of 20 disappeared over time, with a significant difference (p = 0.041).

Conclusion

The natural course of fat necrosis that develops following the DIEP flap may differ according to its initial size.
Tri‐band bandpass filter designed by a fast hybrid approach
Authors: Wu Rihan , He Junling , Tang Xiaohong , Cai Zongqi , Xiao Likang , Xiao Fei
Published: March 2023

Multiband bandpass filter is a key component in multistandard wireless communication system. This paper proposes a novel tri‐band bandpass filter (TB‐BPF) which consists of two mesh‐type multimode resonators (MT‐MMR) and two stub‐loaded U‐type feedlines. The MT‐MMR is formed by parallel connecting two open‐end stubs and one mesh‐type structure. Such specific configuration is featured by four inherent transmission zeros. The in‐depth analysis on the generation mechanism of the transmission zeros is made, and then a fast hybrid approach is developed for design procedure. Some explicit design equations are presented for fast determining initial values of some key parameters, and then further optimized by using a constraint condition, which effectively accelerate design process. For verification, an example of the TB‐BPF was designed fabricated and measured. Its center frequencies are at 3.16, 4.27, and 5.70 GHz, respectively. Six transmission zeros are generated for sharp frequency selectivity, and are at 1.46, 3.58, 3.86, 4.73, 5.51, and 7.18 GHz, respectively. Its size is about 0.59 × 0.19 λg2.
A spectrally accurate time ‐ space pseudospectral method for viscous Burgers' equation
Authors: Mittal A. K. , Balyan L. K. , Sharma K. K.
Published: March 2023

The aim of the paper is to develop and analyze a spectrally accurate pseudospectral method in time and space to find the approximate solution of the viscous Burgers' equation. The method is employed in time and space both at Chebyshev‐ Gauss‐ Lobbato (CGL) points. The approximate solution is represented in terms of basis functions. The spectral coefficients are found in such a way that the residual becomes minimum. The given problem is reduced to a system of nonlinear algebraic equations, which is solved by Newton‐Raphson's method. Error estimates for interpolating polynomials are derived. The computational experiments are carried out to corroborate the theoretical results and to compare the present method with existing methods in the literature.
Gpr75‐deficient mice are protected from high‐fat diet–induced obesity
Authors: Hossain Sakib , Gilani Ankit , Pascale Jonathan , Villegas Elizabeth , Diegisser Danielle , Agostinucci Kevin , Kulaprathazhe Melissa‐Maria , Dirice Ercument , Garcia Victor , Schwartzman Michal Laniado
Published: March 2023

Objective

G‐protein coupled receptor 75 (GPR75) has been identified as the high‐affinity receptor of 20‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20‐HETE), a vasoactive and proinflammatory lipid, and mice overproducing 20‐HETE have been shown to develop insulin resistance when fed a high‐fat diet (HFD), which was prevented by a 20‐HETE receptor blocker. Simultaneously, a large‐scale exome sequencing of 640,000 subjects identified an association between loss‐of‐function GPR75 variants and protection against obesity.

Methods

Wild‐type (WT) and Gpr75‐deficient mice were placed on HFD for 14 weeks, and their obesity phenotype was examined.

Results

Male and female Gpr75 null (knockout [KO]) and heterozygous mice gained less weight than WT mice when placed on HFD. KO mice maintained the same level of energy expenditure during HFD feeding, whereas WT mice showed a significant reduction in energy expenditure. Diet‐driven adiposity and adipocyte hypertrophy were greatly lessened in Gpr75‐deficient mice. HFD‐fed KO mice did not develop insulin resistance. Adipose tissue from Gpr75‐deficient mice had increased expression of thermogenic genes and decreased levels of inflammatory markers. Moreover, insulin signaling, which was impaired in HFD‐fed WT mice, was unchanged in KO mice.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that GPR75 is an important player in the control of metabolism and glucose homeostasis and a likely novel therapeutic target to combat obesity‐driven metabolic disorders.

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Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on atrial remodeling and diastolic dysfunction of patients with obstructive sleep apnea and metabolic syndrome: a randomized study
Authors: Macedo Thiago Andrade , Giampá Sara Q. C. , Furlan Sofia F. , Freitas Lunara S. , Lebkuchen Adriana , Cardozo Karina H. M. , Carvalho Valdemir M. , Martins Franco C. , Mendonça Tiago , Bortolotto Luiz A. , Lorenzi‐Filho Geraldo , Drager Luciano F.
Published: March 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treatment on heart remodeling and diastolic dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS).

Methods

This study is a prespecified analysis of a randomized placebo‐controlled trial that enrolled patients with a recent diagnosis of MS and moderate‐to‐severe OSA to undergo continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or nasal dilators (placebo) for 6 months. Patients were invited to perform a transthoracic echocardiogram by a single investigator blinded to treatment assignment.

Results

A total of 99 (79% men; mean [SD], age: 48 [9] years; BMI: 33 [4] kg/m2) completed the study. At follow‐up, in the placebo group, patients had a significant increase in atrial diameter: from 39.5 (37.0‐43.0) mm to 40.5 (39.0‐44.8) mm (p = 0.003). CPAP prevented atrial enlargement: from 40.0 (38.0‐44.0) to 40.0 (39.0‐45.0) mm (p = 0.194). In patients with diastolic dysfunction at baseline, almost half had diastolic dysfunction reversibility with CPAP (in comparison with only two patients in the placebo group, p = 0.039). In the regression analysis, the chance of diastolic dysfunction reversibility by CPAP was 6.8‐fold (95% CI: 1.48‐50.26, p = 0.025) compared with placebo.

Conclusions

In patients with MS and OSA, 6 months of CPAP therapy prevented atrial remodeling and increased the chance of diastolic dysfunction reversibility.
New Azacycles by One‐Pot Three‐Component Hantzsch‐Like Synthesis of Tetra(hexa)azacyclopenta[a]anthracenes, Tetraazaindeno[5,4‐b]fluorenes, and Oxatetraazacyclopenta[m]tetraphenes
Authors: Abdelmoniem Amr M. , Ramadan Muhammed A. , Ghozlan Said A. S. , Butenschön Holger , Abdelhamid Ismail A.
Published: March 2023

New Azacycles by One‐Pot Three‐Component Hantzsch‐Like Synthesis of Tetra(hexa)azacyclopenta[a]anthracenes, Tetraazaindeno[5,4‐b]fluorenes, and Oxatetraazacyclopenta[m]tetraphenes (H. Butenschön, I. A. Abdelhamid et al.) #OpenAccess

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are envisaged as an entry point for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds with interesting biological activities. An efficient approach to annelated tetra(hexa)azacyclopenta[a]anthracenes, tetraazaindeno[5,4‐b]fluorenes, and oxatetraazacyclopenta[m]tetraphene was accomplished using a three‐component reaction involving 7‐amino‐2‐methyl‐3‐phenylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidin‐5‐one with aromatic aldehydes and the corresponding active 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds (namely, dimedone, 1,3‐dimethylbarbituric acid, 1,3‐indanedione, and 4‐hydroxycoumarine). The reactions were conducted in glacial acetic acid at reflux for 5 h to give the desired products in good yields (62–83 %). The chemical constitutions of all new products were confirmed spectroscopically.
Translation and Validation of the Thai Version of the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) Scale
Authors: Prasertwit Kanokpon , Tanjararak Kangsadarn , Tangbumrungtham Navarat , Emasithi Alongkot , Roongpuvapaht Boonsam
Published: March 2023

Objective

The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) was developed to evaluate subjective outcomes of patients with deviated nasal septum and symptomatic nasal obstruction. Considering the differences in individuals' cultural, cross‐cultural translation, adaptation, and validation of the instrument are necessary. The current study aimed to translate and validate the Thai version of the NOSE Questionnaire for patients with nasal septum deviation.

Study Design

A single‐center prospective instrument validation study.

Setting

Thai tertiary referral center.

Methods

The study was conducted to translate and adapt the original English version of the NOSE to Thai. After translating, psychometric testing was conducted. The primary outcomes were validity (content, construct, and discriminant), reproducibility (test‐retest procedure), and internal consistency (reliability). A total of 105 participants, of which 46 were patients with nasal airway obstruction and 59 were healthy asymptomatic volunteers, were enrolled in this study.

Results

The Thai‐NOSE was found to be adequate for all tested psychometric properties with high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .942), and to discriminate accurately between patients and healthy controls. The interitem and item‐total correlations indicated a related construct among all items. A high level of reproducibility of the questionnaire was obtained in the test‐retest procedure for each item (γ = 0.898). The initial test and retest scores indicated adequate reproducibility.

Conclusion

The Thai‐NOSE questionnaire is a reliable instrument with appropriate psychometric properties for assessing the severity and impact of nasal airway obstruction in patients with nasal septum deviation.
Evaluation of the Impact of Optical Coherence Tomography on Pediatrician Otologic Examination Judgment
Authors: Teague Malinda S. , Nolan Ryan M.
Published: March 2023

Accurate diagnosis of otitis media is imperative to judicious antibiotic prescription. Visualization of the tympanic membrane and accurate identification of middle ear effusion with standard otoscopy is inherently challenging in pediatrics, especially in the youngest children who are most at risk for otitis media. With the average diagnostic accuracy among primary care physicians of 50% and accurate identification of normal tympanic membrane versus acute otitis media versus otitis media with effusion ranging from 30% to 84% among pediatricians, there is great opportunity for diagnostic improvement and decreasing unnecessary antibiotic use. In a 96‐pediatrician‐blinded otoscopy diagnosis quiz, addition of optical coherence tomography, a novel depth‐imaging technology, resulted in a 32% improvement in fluid identification, and 21% increase in diagnostic accuracy. This study suggests that the clinical use of this technology promises to improve diagnostic accuracy and antibiotic stewardship in pediatrics.
Insight into peculiar adhesion of cells to plasma‐chemically prepared multifunctional “amino‐glue” surfaces
Authors: Buchtelová Martina , Blahová Lucie , Nečas David , Křížková Petra , Bartošíková Jana , Medalová Jiřina , Kolská Zdeňka , Hegemann Dirk , Zajíčková Lenka
Published: March 2023

Plasma polymers (PPs) can easily modify material surfaces to improve their bio‐applicability due to match‐made surface‐free energy and functionality. However, cell adhesion to PPs typically composed of various functional groups has not yet been fully understood. We explain the origin of strong resistance to trypsin treatment previously noted for nonendothelial cells on amine PPs. It is caused mainly by nonspecific adhesion of negatively charged parts of transmembrane proteins to the positively charged amine PP surface, enabled by thin glycocalyx. However, endothelial cells are bound primarily by their thick, negatively charged glycocalyx and sporadically by integrins in kinetic traps, both cleaved by trypsin. Cell scratching by atomic force microscopy tip confirmed the correlation of trypsin resistance to the strength of cell adhesion.
Obstructive sleep apnea screening in children with asthma
Authors: Sowho Mudiaga O. , Koehl Rachelle , Shade Rebecca , Judge Eliza , Woo Han , Wu Tianshi David , Brigham Emily P. , Hansel Nadia N. , Tversky Jody , Sterni Laura M. , McCormack Meredith C.
Published: March 2023

Rationale

Obstructive sleep apnea is highly prevalent in children with asthma, particularly in obese children. The sleep‐related breathing disorder screening questionnaire has low screening accuracy for obstructive sleep apnea in children with asthma. Our goal was to identify the questions on the sleep‐related breathing disorder survey associated with obstructive sleep apnea in children with asthma.

Methods

Participants completed the survey, underwent polysomnography and their body mass index z‐score was measured. Participants with survey scores above 0.33 were considered high risk for obstructive sleep apnea and those with an apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 2 events/h classified as having obstructive sleep apnea. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of each survey question and obstructive sleep apnea. Positive and negative predictive values were calculated to estimate screening accuracy.

Results

The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea was 40% in our sample (n = 136). Loud snoring, morning dry mouth, and being overweight were the survey questions associated with obstructive sleep apnea. The composite survey score obtained from all 22 questions had positive and negative predictive values of 51.0% and 65.5%, while the combined model of loud snoring, morning dry mouth, and being overweight had positive and negative predictive values of 60.3% and 77.6%. On the other hand, the body mass index z‐score alone had positive and negative predictive values of 76.3% and 72.2%.

Conclusions

The body mass index z‐score is useful for obstructive sleep apnea screening in children with asthma and should be applied routinely given its simplicity and concerns that obstructive sleep apnea may contribute to asthma morbidity.
Environmental Remediation of Real Textile Dyeing Wastewater Under Visible Light and Inactivation of Pathogenic Bacteria Using ZnO/CuO Nano‐Needles
Authors: Ramaraj Bhaviya Raj , Mahalingam Umadevi , Ramasamy Parimaladevi , Pearce Joshua M. , Mayandi Jeyanthinath , Mahalingam Anuratha
Published: March 2023

Textile industries have an immense existence in a country's economy. Large quantity of water is consumed by textile dyeing industries and produces volumes of wastewater. Treating these hazardous effluents to make them environmental friendly, using nanocatalysts is the best promising method. Metal oxide nanomaterials have emerged as an important tool for environmental remediation. Herein the hydrothermally synthesized ecofriendly and low‐cost zinc oxide/copper oxide nanocomposites (ZnO/CuO NCs) with different proportions of binary oxides are evaluated for the applications of degrading organic pollutants and antibacterial activity. The influence of doping is also studied in structural, optical, morphological, photocatalytic, and antibacterial activities. The presence of CuO in NCs affirms the formation of ZnO/CuO NCs. Photodegradation of Congo Red (CR) and real textile dyeing wastewater (TDW) under visible light irradiation by 0.5 M ZnO:0.5 M CuO NCs reveal them to act as a perfect catalyst by tuning doping concentration of Cu in ZnO, with 1.9 × 10−3 and 5.4 × 10−3 M min−1 rate constant. Hybrid nanocomposite materials exhibit high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with 5 and 6 mm inhibition zone. The experimental characteristics of NCs are explained by a combination of electronic band structure due to size effect and tuning metal oxide proportions in comparison to that of pure metal oxide.
Effect of Ce Doping on the Structural, Dielectric, Ferroelectric, and Optical Characteristics of Bi3LaTi3O12 Ceramic
Authors: Sahoo Rashmi Rekha , Choudhary Ram Naresh Prashad
Published: March 2023

Herein, cerium‐modified bismuth lanthanum titanate (Bi3LaTi3−xCexO12) with composition x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3, prepared using solid‐state reaction route is reported. The initial phase from room temperature X‐ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement analysis confirms the orthorhombic symmetry of the compound. Scanning electron micrograph shows an increase in grain size of the compounds from 0.61 to 0.80 μm with cerium doping. Temperature‐dependent dielectric study reveals diffused type of phase transition (DPT) around 257 °C for Bi3LaTi3O12. DPT becomes more evident with cerium substitution, and is distinctly observed for Bi3LaTi2.8Ce0.2O12. Complex impedance spectroscopic analysis indicates negative temperature coefficient of resistance behavior and non‐Debye type of relaxation in the compound. The room temperature P–E hysteresis loop confirms the ferroelectric property in the studied compounds. Moreover, with cerium substitution, energy storage efficiency increases from 62.7% to 77.1%. UV–visible spectroscopic analysis of the compounds shows reduction in the energy bandgap from 3.02 to 2.87 eV (for direct transition) and from 2.88 to 1.37 eV (for indirect transition) with incorporation of cerium at Ti site. Consequently, high energy storage density and low optical bandgap energy observed indicate the material's amenity for energy harvesting and optoelectronic device applications.
Recombination in Polar InGaN/GaN LED Structures with Wide Quantum Wells
Authors: Tomm Jens W. , Bercha Artem , Muzioł Grzegorz , Piprek Joachim , Trzeciakowski Witold
Published: March 2023

The analysis of the photoluminescence of polar light emitting diode (LED) structures with a 25 nm In0.17Ga0.83N quantum well is reported. The observed emission most likely originates from a set of energetically close excited states (ES), while the ground state decays only extremely slowly on a μs‐to‐ms timescale, that is, long‐living charge accumulates there. However, this population can also be quantified spectroscopically by applying short reverse voltage pulses. The emission from ES is effective and nearly exponential with decay time constants of 1.5 and 8 ns at 6 and 300 K, respectively, and is likely dominated by radiative processes. These findings point to a possible route to improved polar device architectures.
Filtering‐based concurrent learning adaptive attitude tracking control of rigid spacecraft with inertia parameter identification
Authors: Long Jiang , Guo Yangming , Liu Zun , Wang Wei
Published: March 2023

This paper investigates the attitude tracking control problem of rigid spacecraft with inertia parameter identification. Based on the relative attitude and angular velocity error dynamics, a basic adaptive backstepping based attitude tracking control scheme is firstly designed such that asymptotic attitude tracking can be achieved. However, the parameter identification error cannot decay to zero if the persistent excitation (PE) condition is not satisfied. To solve this issue, a filtering‐based concurrent learning adaptive backstepping control scheme is then proposed, by incorporating torque filtering technique with concurrent learning technique. A more mild rank condition, which consists of some collectable historical data, is provided to guarantee the convergence of parameter identification error. In addition, a valid data collection algorithm is given. It should be mentioned that a distinctive feature of the proposed filtering‐based concurrent learning adaptive control scheme is that the convergence rate of attitude tracking errors can be improved from asymptotical to exponential. Finally, simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.
What drives the public's use of data? The mediating role of trust in science and data literacy in functional scientific reasoning concerning COVID‐19
Authors: Tabak Iris , Dubovi Ilana
Published: March 2023

Is public engagement with science deliberative and evidence‐based? The public is often perceived as underprepared to use data and susceptible to partisan and emotional manipulation. Consequently, educational efforts focus on the ability to identify reliable information. We posit that effective engagement with science goes beyond this and hinges on data literacy. We leveraged the unique circumstances of COVID‐19, where diverse people inundated with pandemic‐related data representations in the media needed to make consequential decisions, to examine whether people use data and what factors affect such use. In a survey of a representative Israeli adult sample, participants reported their information habits and beliefs before and during COVID‐19. On being presented with graphs and datasets, they answered data literacy and COVID‐19‐related functional reasoning assessments (e.g., would you travel abroad?). Data literacy distinguished those who incorporated data from those who did not. Yet, participants incorporated moral, social, and economic considerations at all data literacy levels, suggesting that people may be deliberative even when they do not attend to quantified data. Moreover, participants' trust in science and data interpretation competence were key factors mediating the relationship between self‐efficacy in data interpretation skills and the incorporation of data in reasoning. The findings extend beyond COVID‐19 to a broader understanding of the factors influencing public engagement with quantitative representations. Rather than focusing solely on remediating data interpretation, we suggest that educative efforts work on multiple fronts and that cultivating trust in science is key to a broader, more deliberative engagement with science.
Electrocatalytic Multicomponent Transformation of Aldehyde, 5‐Amino‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrazole and Dimedone: An Efficient Protocol for Substituted Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]quinolines
Authors: Qian Cunwei , Wang Ying , Li Xian , Yao Changsheng
Published: March 2023

A convenient, rapid and electrochemical one‐pot protocol was developed successfully for the preparation of pyrazolo[3,4‐b]‐quinoline derivatives. The reaction is carried out in a 25 mL three neck flask equipped with graphite electrode as anode and iron electrode as cathode (electrode area of 1 cm2) with sodium bromide as supporting electrolyte at room temperature in ethanol. Fourteen pyrazolo‐[3,4‐b]‐quinoline derivatives were synthesized by use of various aldehyde (including aryl aldehydes and aliphatic aldehydes), dimedone and 5‐amino‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrazole as substrates in good yields (76–86 %) with a constant current of 30 mA after 0.14 F/mol of electricity passed. All aimed products were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and HRMS. Notably, the presented method features ecologically sound, simple experimental procedure and good yields.
Controlled 5‐FU Release from P(NIPAM‐co‐VIm)‐g‐PEG Dual Responsive Hydrogels
Authors: Güngör Ahmet , Özdemir Tonguç , Genç Rükan
Published: March 2023

5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) forms the basis of many chemotherapy regimens and is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of solid malignancies. In this study, (i) Poly N‐isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPAM) synthesized by free radical polymerization method, (ii) temperature and pH responsive P(NIPAM‐co‐VIm) synthesized by copolymerization of N‐isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) with 1‐vinyl imidazole (VIm) and (iii) the 5‐FU release of P(NIPAM‐co‐VIm)‐g‐PEG prepared by grafting with polyethylene glycol (PEG). In the temperature and pH sensitivity analyzes revelaed that the LCST value increased as a result of the treatment of PNIPAM with VIm and PEG, on the other hand the hydrogel in the swollen phase in the acidic environment, the hydrogel turned into a precipitated form as the environment became alkaline. To investigate the utilize of hydrogels, release mediums of two different pHs (pH 5.5 and 7.4) and two different temperatures (25 °C and 37 °C) were applied. The cumulative release results showed that the release ratio of 5‐FU was 95 % when the release medium pH was 7.4 and ambient temperature 37 °C. Consequently, P(NIPAM‐co‐VIm)‐g‐PEG hydrogels at different pH and temperature mediums could be beneficially utilized as an material with a potential to be used in targeted drug delivery systems.
Surprising Tribo‐catalytic Conversion of H2O and CO2 into Flammable Gases utilizing Frictions of Copper in Water
Authors: Cui Xiaodong , Wang Hongbo , Lei Hua , Jia Xuchao , Jiang Ying , Fei Linfeng , Jia Yanmin , Chen Wanping
Published: March 2023

Copper rotary disks were fabricated through mounting copper disks and magnets on opposite surfaces of Teflon disks separately, and quartz glass reactors (150 mL) were modified through covering their bottoms with Al2O3, copper, and titanium disks separately. For a glass‐bottomed reactor placed with a copper rotary disk and filled with 50 mL water and 1 atm CO2, flammable gases of 670.96 ppm H2, 22.21 ppm CO, 3.98 ppm CH4, 0.96 ppm C2H4, and 0.66 ppm C2H6 were surprisingly produced after the copper rotary disk was driven to rotate for 5 h; flammable gases were obtained in comparable amounts for reactors with Al2O3, copper, and titanium bottoms separately. A tribo‐catalytic mechanism has been proposed, in which water at micro‐holes in friction surfaces is squeezed by elastically deformed copper of rotating copper disks, and under increased pressure CO2 and H2O are catalyzed to react to form flammable gases by copper.
Simultaneous Determination of Ranitidine and Metronidazole at Low Potential Using an Acid‐Activated Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Karim Rejwana , Saha Protity , Akter Riva , Falguni Rokaiya , Shital Regoana Amin , Awal Abdul , Al Mamun Mohammad , Ahammad A. J. Saleh
Published: March 2023

A simple, highly sensitive and inexpensive electrochemical method was established using an activated glassy carbon electrode (AGCE) in an acidic condition for the determination of ranitidine (RT) and metronidazole (MT) simultaneously at a low potential range. The AGCE was characterized using various techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and morphology was studied through field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM). The AGCE exhibited an electrocatalytic behavior towards the reduction of RT and MT in 0.5 M acidic solution. Both CV and DPV responses for the mixture of RT and MT gave well‐resolved peaks at low potential. Analysis of these experiments helps us to predict interactions that took place on the surface of AGCE and RT and MT with each other for having different types of functional groups. Furthermore, AGCE also promoted the electron transfer process. The linear dynamic range of MT and RT was 0.5–580 μM and 0.5–500 μM, respectively with the regression coefficient 0.99. The detection limit (S/N=3) calculated for MT and RT was 0.062 μM and 0.13 μM, respectively. Decent results were obtained from the reproducibility and stability test. The performance of the sensor was evaluated for the possible interferences which show high selectivity. Additionally, the real sample analysis was carried out to understand our sensor‘s applicability in real life.
Morphological Regulation Mechanism of Tubular Ferrous Oxalate: Theoretical and Experimental Study
Authors: Xu Peilin , Chen Xiumin , Wu Jian , Liu Li , Yin Qi , Liu Bo , Yang Lianfeng , Zhao Xiran , Xu Baoqiang , Jiang Wenlong , Liu Dachun , Yang Bin
Published: March 2023

The formation mechanism and morphology regulation mechanism of tubular ferrous oxalate were investigated by density functional theory. The calculation results showed that the pH value of the reaction solution changed from slightly alkaline to acidic was an important condition for the formation of tubular ferrous oxalate. The size and dispersion of ferrous oxalate can be controlled by introducing Na+ and ethylene glycol (EG) into the reaction system. Guided by theoretical calculations, using sodium oxalate as material to guarantee the initial solution to be slightly basic, while also introducing Na+. Regular tubular ferrous oxalate was successfully obtained by using different ratios of EG and H2O as reaction solution and adjusting pH values at different stages, verified the rationality of the theoretical calculation results. The tubular ferric oxide was obtained by thermal decomposition using tubular ferrous oxalate as the precursor, and the electrochemical performance test results showed that this material is a potential electrode material for supercapacitors.
A Promising HKUST‐1@SiO2 Composite for the Effective Adsorption of Chlorpyriphos from Aqueous Medium
Authors: Sharma Prachi , Jatrana Anushree , Mondal Sanchit , Maan Sheetal , Kumar Vinay
Published: March 2023

This study focuses on the preparation of HKUST‐1@SiO2 composite and its application as an adsorbent for the removal of chlorpyriphos from water environment. For studying the physical properties, synthesized HKUST‐1@SiO2 was characterized using FTIR, XRD, BET, FE‐SEM and EDS. Characterization results indicated that the interaction of HKUST‐1 with SiO2 resulted in improvement of various physicochemical properties. The integration of HKUST‐1 and SiO2 resulted in improved adsorption of chlorpyrifos, where maximum 85 % removal was obtained at 30 °C. The adsorption data was best fitted into Langmuir isotherms, and it was in well accordance with pseudo second order kinetic model. High adsorption efficiency of the composite is related to its high pore volume which results in high number of adsorption sites on silica surface for the attachment of various functional groups present in chlorpyriphos.
Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of New Benzofuran‐Chalcone Hybrids and Their Water Soluble Sodium Salts
Authors: Cinar‐Asa Sibel , Coskun Demet , Akgun Oguzhan , Akgun Halime , Fatih Coskun Mehmet , Ari Ferda
Published: March 2023

In this study, firstly, 1‐(7‐ethoxy‐1‐benzofuran‐2‐yl) ethanone and 1,1’‐(7‐ethoxy‐1‐benzofuran‐2,4‐diyl)diethanone were synthesized for the starting reagent purposes. The synthesized benzofuran‐chalcone salts were soluble in water at room temperature. Structural analysis of the synthesized compounds was characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR and NMR spectroscopy techniques. The anticancer activities of the compounds were determined by SRB viability assay in human lung cancer (A549, H1299) and breast cancer (MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231) cell lines. Findings for apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry analysis and the PARP‐ELISA method. The results of the in vitro SRB analysis of the compounds showed that some of the chalcone hybrids were very effective on both types of cancer in a dose and time‐dependent manner. Treatment of all cancer cell types with these hybrids resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of early and mainly late apoptotic cells, demonstrating their apoptosis‐inducing effects via the Caspase 3/7 Activity.
Green One‐Pot Chemo‐Enzymatic Synthesis of a Key Chiral Amine Intermediate: Useful to Pralsetinib Synthesis
Authors: Rajendra Gaikwad , Ganesh Krithika , Rajulu G Govinda , Sambasivam Ganesh , Selvaraj Ramaraj , Kumar G Charan , Ravikumar Shashank C , Acharya Prajwal C , Shivashankarappa Nagashree
Published: March 2023

A facile, chemo‐enzymatic one‐pot and scalable procedure was developed for the synthesis of the key chiral intermediate of pralsetinib in an aqueous micellar medium. This method afforded the desired chiral intermediate with high enantioselectivity without the use of any expensive chiral ligands and toxic reagents that are difficult to handle. A green synthesis of chiral intermediate of pralsetinib was carried out using an enzyme ATA‐260 in an aqueous media with >99.9 % ee that was confirmed by a chiral reverse‐ phase HPLC. This study hence represents a mild and scalable procedure for the synthesis of the chiral intermediate of Pralsetinib with yields exceeding 80 %, which forms a crucial step in the synthesis of the anti‐ cancer drug.