bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Milky Way-est: Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations with Large Magellanic Cloud and Gaia–Sausage–Enceladus Analogs
Authors: Buch Deveshi , Nadler Ethan O. , Wechsler Risa H. , Mao Yao-Yuan
Published: August 2024

We present Milky Way-est, a suite of 20 cosmological cold-dark-matter-only zoom-in simulations of Milky Way (MW)-like host halos. Milky Way-est hosts are selected such that they (i) are consistent with the MW’s measured halo mass and concentration, (ii) accrete a Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC)-like (≈1011
M
⊙) subhalo within the last 2 Gyr on a realistic orbit, placing them near 50 kpc from the host center at z ≈ 0, and (iii) undergo a >1:5 sub-to-host halo mass ratio merger with a Gaia–Sausage–Enceladus (GSE)-like system at early times (0.67 < z < 3). Hosts satisfying these LMC and GSE constraints constitute <1% of all halos in the MW’s mass range, and their total masses grow rapidly at late times due to LMC analog accretion. Compared to hosts of a similar final halo mass that are not selected to include LMC and GSE analogs, Milky Way-est hosts contain 22% more subhalos with present-day virial masses above 108
M
⊙ throughout the virial radius, on average. This enhancement reaches ≈80% in the inner 100 kpc and is largely, if not entirely, due to LMC-associated subhalos. These systems also induce spatial anisotropy in Milky Way-est subhalo populations, with ≈60% of the total subhalo population within 100 kpc found in the current direction of the LMC. Meanwhile, we find that GSE-associated subhalos do not significantly contribute to present-day Milky Way-est subhalo populations. These results provide context for our Galaxy’s dark matter structure and subhalo population and will help interpret a range of measurements that are currently only possible in the MW.
Polar Orbits around the Newly Formed Earth–Moon Binary System
Authors: Lepp Stephen , Martin Rebecca G. , Baronett Stanley A.
Published: August 2024

We examine the dynamics and stability of circumbinary particles orbiting around the Earth–Moon binary system. The moon formed close to the Earth (semimajor axis a
EM ≈ 3 R
⊕) and expanded through tides to its current day semimajor axis (a
EM = 60 R
⊕). Circumbinary orbits that are polar or highly inclined to the Earth–Moon orbit are subject to two competing effects: (i) nodal precession about the Earth–Moon eccentricity vector and (ii) Kozai–Lidov oscillations of eccentricity and inclination driven by the Sun. While we find that there are no stable polar orbits around the Earth–Moon orbit with the current day semimajor axis, polar orbits were stable immediately after the formation of the Moon, at the time when there was a lot of debris around the system, up to when the semimajor axis reached about a
EM ≈ 10 R
⊕. We discuss implications of polar orbits on the evolution of the Earth–Moon system and the possibility of polar orbiting moons around exoplanet–moon binaries.
Modeling the Magnetic Vectors of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections at Different Heliocentric Distances with INFROS
Authors: Sarkar Ranadeep , Srivastava Nandita , Gopalswamy Nat , Kilpua Emilia
Published: August 2024

The INterplanetary Flux ROpe Simulator (INFROS) is an observationally constrained analytical model dedicated to forecasting the strength of the southward component (Bz) of the magnetic field embedded in interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). In this work, we validate the model for six ICMEs sequentially observed by two radially aligned spacecraft positioned at different heliocentric distances. The six selected ICMEs in this study comprise cases associated with isolated coronal mass ejection (CME) evolution as well as those interacting with high-speed streams (HSSs) and high-density streams (HDSs). For the isolated CMEs, our results show that the model outputs at both spacecraft are in good agreement with in situ observations. However, for most of the interacting events, the model correctly captures the CME evolution only at the inner spacecraft. Due to the interaction with HSSs and HDSs, which in most cases occurred at heliocentric distances beyond the inner spacecraft, the ICME evolution no longer remains self-similar. Consequently, the model underestimates the field strength at the outer spacecraft. Our findings indicate that constraining the INFROS model with inner-spacecraft observations significantly enhances the prediction accuracy at the outer spacecraft for the three events undergoing self-similar expansion, achieving a 90% correlation between observed and predicted Bz profiles. This work also presents a quantitative estimation of the ICME magnetic field enhancement due to interaction which may lead to severe space weather. We conclude that the assumption of self-similar expansion provides a lower limit to the magnetic field strength estimated at any heliocentric distance, based on the remote-sensing observations.
Spectral parameter power series method for Kurzweil–Henstock integrable functions
Authors: Cordero-Martínez Israel A. , Sánchez-Perales Salvador , Mendoza-Torres Francisco J.
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the convergence of the spectral parameter power series method, proposed by Kravchenko, is performed for the Sturm–Liouville equation with Kurzweil–Henstock integrable coefficients. Numerical simulations of some examples are also presented to validate the performance of the method.
The geometry of geodesic invariant functions and applications to Landsberg surfaces
Authors: Elgendi Salah G. , Muzsnay Zoltán
Published: August 2024

In this paper, for a given spray $ S $ on an $ n $-dimensional manifold $ M $, we investigated the geometry of $ S $-invariant functions. For an $ S $-invariant function $ {\mathcal P} $, we associated a vertical subdistribution $ {{\mathcal V}}_{\mathcal P} $ and found the relation between the holonomy distribution and $ {{\mathcal V}}_{\mathcal P} $ by showing that the vertical part of the holonomy distribution is the intersection of all spaces $ {{\mathcal V}}_{ {\mathcal F}_S} $ associated with $ {\mathcal F}_S $ where $ {\mathcal F}_S $ is the set of all Finsler functions that have the geodesic spray $ S $. As an application, we studied the Landsberg Finsler surfaces. We proved that a Landsberg surface with $ S $-invariant flag curvature is Riemannian or has a vanishing flag curvature. We showed that for Landsberg surfaces with non-vanishing flag curvature, the flag curvature is $ S $-invariant if and only if it is constant; in this case, the surface is Riemannian. Finally, for a Berwald surface, we proved that the flag curvature is $ H $-invariant if and only if it is constant.
Examining the Effects of Gender and Work Experience on the Relationship Between Social Intelligence, Job Satisfaction, and Service Employee Engagement
Authors: Jaoua Fakher Moncef , Mohamed Elsayed Sobhy Ahmed , Alhumud Abdullah Abdulaziz , El-Kassrawy Yasser A.
Published: August 2024

Social intelligence is one of the newest concepts to come up with in management literature. This study provides a thorough framework for examining the mediation role of service employee engagement (SEE) in the relationship between job satisfaction and social intelligence (SI). Accordingly, in this framework, it has used social intelligence as a multifaceted construct within the setting of Saudi society and its hotels. A survey questionnaire was distributed to 485 hotel employees in the KSA via the drop and collect method. Our research findings utilizing Structural Equation Modeling demonstrated that SI is a multidimensional construct. Additionally, the results confirmed that SEE plays a full mediating role between SI and JS. The findings highlight the significance role of the gender and work experience in Saudi society. It was obvious that women in the hotel industry with high SI tend to experience greater JS contributing to increased employment rates for women in KSA.
The Impact of Transaction Credit on Credit Enhancement of Supply Chain Financing of Small and Micro-Logistics Based on Evolutionary Game Analysis
Authors: Chu Xuejian , Chen Nannan , Yang Yubin
Published: August 2024

The issue of credit enhancement in supply chain financing for small and micro-logistics enterprises (SMLEs), as well as the factors that affect the decision-making of participants in supply chain financing transaction credit enhancement, is analyzed in this study. First, an evolutionary game model between financial institutions (FIs) and SMLEs was built. In contrast to bank loans, a novel mechanism for achieving credit enhancement based on transaction data in the transportation supply chain was established through a strict environment and an increase in default penalties to compel SMLEs to uphold their obligations. Furthermore, the stability analysis shows that the stable state convergence of the evolutionary game between FIs and SMLEs evolves to the stage where FIs offer loans to SMLEs. Finally, according to the simulation analysis on the real data collected from CHZL logistics park survey data, this work demonstrates that the fluctuation ranges of the strategy evolution process for the FIs and SMLEs are positively correlated with the intensity of the stochastic perturbation.
Business English Teaching Reform Under the Background of Artificial Intelligence + Big Data
Authors: Ding Ting , Zhang Mengqi
Published: August 2024

The level of information technology is increasing, and technology is developed. University English teaching has also changed under its influence. Different from the traditional teaching in the past, more and more students adopt the mode of “Internet + Smartphone” to learn English. This paper proposes a teaching mode evaluation method in the context of big data. Through the K-means algorithm based on it, the data clustering of business English teaching mode is completed. According to the data obtained from clustering, combined with the standardization of positive and negative indicators, the business English teaching mode system is constructed. Experiments show that when the clustering K value is 16, the clustering accuracy of this method is 99.2%, and it can effectively get the index weights, and the evaluation time is short, which is better than the other two comparison methods.
A patient presenting with a panic attack and lower back pain diagnosed as stiff person syndrome: A case report
Authors: Dissanayaka Ishara , Pathberiya Lakmini , Senanayake Hemal , Caldera Manjula
Published: August 2024

We present a case of a 43-year-old man diagnosed with hypothyroidism, autoimmune hepatitis and steroid-induced diabetes, presenting with a panic attack and backache for three months duration. He had a stiff back with right lower limb stiffness and hyperreflexia. He was confirmed to have stiff person syndrome with positive electromyography and the presence of a high titre of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies. With a background history of autoimmune diseases and stiffness of limbs, it is important to have a high index of suspicion of stiff person syndrome (SPS), not to miss a treatable organic disorder.
Coarctation of aorta presenting as systemic hypertension in a young adult: A case report
Authors: Karunasinghe Dimuthu , Herath Pasan , Sarathchandra Chamara , Senanayake Hemal
Published: August 2024

A 33-year-old male who was under investigation for young onset hypertension for nine years had weak lower limb pulse and radio femoral delay on examination. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a bicuspid aortic valve, and a CT aortogram detected coarctation of the aorta at the junction of the aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta.Coarctation of the aorta is a rare secondary cause of hypertension in young. Symptoms of presentation may vary depending on the site and severity of coarctation. But the commonest presentation is hypertension in the upper extremity of the body. It could be associated with structural heart disease; the commonest is the bicuspid aortic valve. Treatment options for coarctation of the aorta include balloon angioplasty and surgical repair. Lifelong follow-up is needed in both treatment modalities, even after successful correction.
Association between anthropometric indices and infertility among subfertile women: Insights from a single-centre crosssectional study from Northern Sri Lanka
Authors: Sivalingarajah R. , Kopalasuntharan M. , Thirunavukarasu K. , Abirame S. , Kavirajan T.
Published: August 2024

Background: Obesity is a global concern affecting female fertility, with 6% of never-pregnant women facing fertility challenges due to obesity. This study aims to assess the association between Anthropometric Indices and Infertility Among Sub-fertile Women.Methodology: This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 216 infertile women aged 18 years and above attending sub-fertility clinics at Teaching Hospital, Jaffna. Data collection consisted of an interviewer-administered questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and statistical analysis using SPSS Version 26. Body Mass Index (BMI) was categorised according to Sri Lankan Obesity standards, and Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) according to Asian women’s standards.Results: In our study, 72.2% had primary sub-fertility, and 27.8% had secondary sub-fertility. The average age was 33.7 years (SD=7.12), with 38.9% of them older than 35 years, and 56.9% of them seeking therapy within five years of marriage, while 43.1% delayed treatment. Age and sub-fertility types showed a positive association (P=0.003). The majority (70.3%) were overweight, pre-obese, or obese, with 66.7% at risk based on WHR. Primary sub-fertility cases had a higher prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). There were no significant differences in BMI between individuals with PCOS (M=26.473, SD=5.58) and those without PCOS (M=25.23, SD=4.79) (t(214) = 1.701, p=0.90). Similarly, there was no significant difference in WHR between individuals with PCOS (M=0.887, SD=0.65) and those without PCOS (M=0.882, SD=0.83) (t(214) = 0.473, p=0.637).Conclusion: Our findings shows that most participants have elevated BMI and WHR. Despite observed trends, the lack of significant association between PCOS and anthropometric indices indicates that lifestyle, genetics, and hormonal factors may play a huge role in excessive body weight. Achieving optimal body weight through lifestyle changes in reproductive-age women is a cost-effective way to enhance fertility in low-middle-income countries.
Update on preeclampsia
Authors: Dodampahala S. H. , McCully B.
Published: August 2024

No abstract available
Cloning and Functional Characterization of Novel Human Neutralizing Anti–IFN-α and Anti–IFN-β Antibodies
Authors: Papasavvas Emmanouil , Lu Lily , Fair Matthew , Oliva Isabela , Cassel Joel , Majumdar Sonali , Mounzer Karam , Kostman Jay R , Tebas Pablo , Bar-Or Amit , Muthumani Kar , Montaner Luis J
Published: August 2024

Type I IFNs play a pivotal role in immune response modulation, yet dysregulation is implicated in various disorders. Therefore, it is crucial to develop tools that facilitate the understanding of their mechanism of action and enable the development of more effective anti-IFN therapeutic strategies. In this study, we isolated, cloned, and characterized anti–IFN-α and anti–IFN-β Abs from PBMCs of individuals treated with IFN-α or IFN-β, harboring confirmed neutralizing Abs. Clones AH07856 and AH07857 were identified as neutralizing anti–IFN-α–specific with inhibition against IFN-α2a, -α2b, and -αK subtypes. Clones AH07859 and AH07866 were identified as neutralizing anti–IFN-β1a-specific signaling and able to block lipopolysaccharide or S100 calcium-binding protein A14-induced IFN-β signaling effects. Cloned Abs bind rhesus but not murine IFNs. The specificity of inhibition between IFN-α and IFN-β suggests potential for diverse research and clinical applications.
Genetic Susceptibility to Fungal Infections
Authors: Yazdi Mohammad , Behnaminia Nima , Nafari Amirhossein , Sepahvand Asghar
Published: August 2024

Reports of fungal infections have increased over the past decades, making them a major threat to human health. In this study, we review the effects of genetic defects on susceptibility to fungal diseases. To identify all relevant literature, we searched Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus and profiled studies published between 2008 and 2021. The results of several studies conducted on this subject have shown the significant effects of genetic variations such as hyper-IgE syndrome, Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy syndrome, dectin-1 deficiency, CARD9 mutations, STAT1 mutations, and IL17 mutationson the host immune system’s response, which has an important impact on susceptibility to fungal infections. The underlying immune system-related genetic profile affects the susceptibility of individuals to different fungal infections; therefore, this subject should be further studied for better treatment of fungal diseases.
Effects of Duloxetine on Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Quality of Life in Patients with the Moderate-to-Severe Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Sharbafchi Mohammad Reza , Afshar Zanjani Hamid , Saneian Zahra , Feizi Awat , Daghaghzadeh Hamed , Adibi Peyman
Published: August 2024

Background:

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disease. There are very few studies on the Duloxetine efficacy in improving the gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms, in IBS. The current study attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of Duloxetine in symptoms and quality of life in moderate-to-severe IBS patients.

Materials and Methods:

This is a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial in which the population is composed of 37 patients with moderate-to-severe IBS in Isfahan from March 2018 to March 2019. For the intervention group, Duloxetine was administered for three months, and the treatment protocol was the same for the control group but using a placebo. The severity of IBS symptoms, quality of life, and negative emotions such as depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed.

Results:

Our data showed no significant difference between the two groups of the study for the severity of IBS symptoms (P value = 0.150); however, in the intervention group, it was significantly lower than controls after six, eight, and ten weeks of the intervention (P value = 0.023). Overall evaluation of the quality of life in patients indicated significantly higher quality of life in the Duloxetine group than the control group from the eighth week to the twelfth week after the intervention (P value <0.038). Anxiety and stress in the Duloxetine group were significantly lower than controls after the intervention (P value <0.05).

Conclusion:

Duloxetine is probably helpful for reducing anxiety, stress, and the severity of symptoms in IBS patients. It also could increase the quality of life in patients.
The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Courses in Improving the Emergency Medicine Residents and Interns’ Ability to Regulate their Emotions in Threatening or Stressful Events
Authors: Forghani Mohsen , Omid Athar , Zamani Majid , Azizkhani Reza , Nasri Neda
Published: August 2024

Background:

Given that the duties of an emergency medicine (EM) specialist are much more complicated than the other health care professionals, inexperience, weakness or inability to make appropriate decisions, and lack of control over their emotions and stress can lead to medical errors. This study aimed at determining the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) of emotion regulation on the EM assistants’ and interns’ level of satisfaction and cognitive control of anger and stress.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, 25 EM residents and interns were trained in the virtual CBT course while 19 ones were not given any training in the control group and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) were filled before and after the training intervention.

Results:

After the training intervention, the dimensions of catastrophizing and other blame in the experimental group with the means of 3.84 ± 1.40 and 3.16 ± 0.94 respectively were significantly lower than these dimensions in the control group with the means of 5.68 ± 1.76 and 4.73 ± 1.15, respectively (P value < 0.05). Moreover, the refocus on planning in the experimental group with the means of 8.40 ± 1.53 was significantly higher than in the control group with the means of 7.00 ± 2.05 (P value < 0.05).

Conclusion:

CBT method used in this study may be effective in controlling the emotions of EM interns and residents. CBT may help them to regulate anger and stress and have the ability to control their emotions during or after the experience of threatening or stressful events.
A Homozygous Nonsense Variant in UVSSA Causes UV-sensitive Syndrome from Very Large Kindred: The First Report from Iran
Authors: Ahmadi Shadmehri Azam , Akbarian Fahimeh , Rahimi Azadeh , Pourreza Mohammad Reza , Tabatabaiefar Mohammad Amin
Published: August 2024

Background:

Recessive disruptive mutations in nucleotide excision repair genes are responsible for a wide range of cutaneous photosensitivity and, in some cases, are associated with multi-system involvement. The heterogeneous nature of these conditions makes next-generation sequencing the method of choice to detect disease-causing variants.

Materials and Methods:

A patient from a large multiplex inbred Iranian kindred with several individuals suffering from skin sun-sensitive manifestations underwent complete clinical and molecular evaluations. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the genomic sample of the proband, followed by bioinformatics analysis. Subsequently, co-segregation of the candidate variant with the condition was performed by Sanger sequencing.

Results:

A rare homozygous nonsense variant, c.1040G>A (p. Trp347*), was identified in the UVSSA gene, resulting in UV-sensitive syndrome (UVSS) complementation group A. The global minor allele frequency of the variant is < 0.001 in population databases. Tryptophan 347 residue is conserved among mammalians and vertebrates, and the null variant is believed to lead to a truncated protein with cellular mislocalization.

Conclusions:

Here, we report the first genetic diagnosis of UVSS-A in Iran via the successful application of Next-generation sequencing, which expands our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this condition.
The Assessment of Neonatal Anthropometric Indices Association with Umbilical Cord Blood Zinc and Magnesium Levels
Authors: Amini Niloufar , Mousavi Shima , Vard Bahareh , Daniali Seyede Shahrbanoo , Kelishadi Roya
Published: August 2024

Background:

The present research aims to find the association between neonatal anthropometric parameters and zinc and magnesium concentration in cord blood.

Materials and Methods:

The current cross-sectional report is a sub-study from the “PERSIAN Birth Cohort Study” conducted on 112 pairs of mother-neonate referring to the index hospitals for giving birth to their children during 2018–19. Umbilical cord blood was collected at delivery for the measurement of zinc and magnesium. Anthropometric indices were measured in standard protocols. Validated questionnaires were used for maternal diet in different trimesters. Dietary patterns were acquired based on exploratory factor analysis.

Results:

The birth weight was reversely correlated with zinc concentration (r = -0.249, P-value = 0.008); however, the other anthropometric parameters did not show any association with zinc levels (P-value > 0.05). Similar evaluations for magnesium revealed no association between any of the anthropometric indices and this micronutrient agent (P-value > 0.05). Further evaluations represented insignificant differences in both zinc (P-value = 0.51) and magnesium levels (P-value = 0.49) between those with normal versus low birth weight. There was a negative association between the Western dietary pattern in the first trimester of pregnancy and cord blood zinc concentration (β (SE) = -0.21 (0.10); P = 0.026); while healthy and traditional dietary patterns in second and third trimesters were positively related to cord zinc concentration (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

This research did not document a positive statistical association of cord blood zinc and magnesium with birth weight. The association of maternal Western dietary patterns with lower cord blood zinc levels highlights the importance of healthy nutritional habits in pregnancy.
Gingival Depigmentation by 810 nm Diode Laser and Cryosurgery Using 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane: A Clinical Study
Authors: Mandal Aritra , Manohar Balaji , Shetty Neema , Mathur Aditi , Makhijani Barkha , Modak Jayaditya
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Pigmented gingival tissue is a common complaint of patients as unaesthetic. There is a dearth of literature comparing the efficacy of depigmentation by cryosurgery using a biocompatible material 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethylene gas and diode laser, which are relatively newer techniques. The study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of two different modalities of gingival depigmentation – 810 nm diode laser and cryosurgery using 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane in managing gingival melanin pigmentation.

Materials and Methods:

A randomised controlled split-mouth trial was conducted on 15 participants. Depigmentation was done using an 810 nm diode laser and a cryosurgery technique using 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. Re-evaluation was performed at the 1st, 3rd and 6th months postoperatively. Dummett’s Oral Pigmentation Index (DOPI), Hedin’s Melanin Index (HMI), the Visual Analogue Scale for pain and Photometric analysis (RGB scale) were recorded and analysed.

Results:

DOPI and HMI in the subjects treated by laser and cryosurgery showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) from baseline to 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. Intergroup comparison of RGB scores between the laser and cryosurgery depicted no significant difference at baseline (P = 0.06).

Conclusions:

Cryosurgery using 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethylene and laser ablation using an 810 nm diode laser technique was found to be equally effective for treating gingival pigmentation.
Bipolar Disorder Secondary to Arnold–Chiari Malformation: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Raj Rajnish , Khanam Aaliya , Wani Zaid Ahmad
Published: August 2024

A handful of case reports suggesting Arnold–Chiari malformation (ACM) comorbid with psychiatric diagnoses have been reported in the literature, but the association with bipolar disorder is rare. Here, we report a case of the first episode of mania secondary to Chiari malformation. A 16-year-old female presents with irritability, headache, decreased sleep, increased talking, weeping episodes, and verbal and physical aggression for 15 days. Symptoms gradually increased with dizziness, headache, epistaxis, and generalized decreased superficial sensation to pain. She was managed as an inpatient in the psychiatric setting as a case of first episode mania on valproate, olanzapine, and lorazepam, which were further escalated a few days later. A brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed, which revealed ACM Type 1. Further, mood stabilizers and antipsychotics were titrated, and symptoms improved. Our case report highlights the importance of considering neurologic causes manifesting as psychiatric symptoms.
Study of Clinical Correlates and Symptomatology with Level of Functioning in Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Chaturvedi Hemashri , Shah Bharat , Jadhav Bindoo
Published: August 2024

Background:

The burden of schizophrenia is largely due to deficits it causes in functioning. However, the variables influencing and predicting real-life functioning have not been systematically investigated in such patients.

Aims:

The aims of this study were to study the sociodemographic data, illness-related variables, and level of functioning in patients with schizophrenia and to assess the relationship between clinical correlates, symptomatology, and level of functioning.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the psychiatry outpatient department of a teaching hospital. Sociodemographic and illness-related data were collected using a semi-structured pro forma. Schizophrenia was diagnosed as per the International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria, and severity of symptoms was rated using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Functional outcomes were rated using the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) and Specific Level of Functioning (SLOF) scale. The data were compiled, tabulated, and analyzed.

Results:

A total of 170 patients suffering from schizophrenia with a mean age of 38.22 years were recruited for the study. On the SOFAS, 56.5% of patients scored more than 60, indicating good functionality. It was found that age at onset had a positive correlation, whereas duration of illness, duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), positive family history of psychosis, and PANSS scores had a negative correlation with SOFAS and SLOF subdomain scores.

Conclusion:

In patients with schizophrenia, male gender, unemployment, positive family history of psychosis, lower age at onset, longer duration of illness, longer DUP, and greater symptom severity (positive and negative) are associated with poor functioning.
Drug Prescription Pattern for Leptospirosis and Association with Outcome: Observations from a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: George Thomas , Dadibhanvi Akkamma Holabasappa , Pais Michael L. J. , Palatty Princy Louis , Jakribettu Ramakrishna Pai , Baliga Manjeshwar Shrinath
Published: August 2024

Background:

Leptospirosis, an infection of the tropics, caused by helical spirochetes, Genus Leptospira. For the first time, this study examines the pattern of antibiotic prescription for leptospirosis and its association with outcome.

Materials and Methods:

This was a hospital-based retrospective study. A total of 227 adults diagnosed and treated for leptospirosis during the study period of January 2013 to December 2018 were included in the study. Information on gender, age, admission details, outcome, inpatient days, and antibiotics used was collected from the patients’ records and analyzed.

Results:

Around 75% of the leptospirosis patients were male and majority (70.4%) of the patients were from the age group of 31–60 years. Most of the patients (43.6%) were admitted for 6–10 days; 27.3% of the patients were admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) and the mortality rate was 7.49%. Ceftriaxone was the most (53.3%) prescribed intravenous antimicrobial, followed by piperacillin–tazobactum (32.6%), and among oral antimicrobials, doxycycline was prescribed in 37.4% of the patients. Penicillin was administered to 44 patients with mild disease and all survived. Among the Ceftriaxone and piperacillin–tazobactum prescribed, 26.5% (32/121) and 35% (26/74) were admitted in ICU, respectively. Among the patients with severe disease, who succumbed to leptospirosis, ceftriaxone, and piperacillin–tazobactam were prescribed in 8.28% and 4.05%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The pattern of antibiotics prescribed in the study center was in accordance with the standard guidelines. The prescriptions were predominantly penicillin and doxycycline in early conditions while ceftriaxone and piperacillin–tazobactum were administered in advance/severe conditions. Patients with mild disease recovered with penicillin, while in advanced disease, even administration of third cephalosporins and doxycycline had a poor prognosis leading to death of the patients, indicating the need for early diagnosis and treatment to be important to prevent mortality.
Application of Ayurvedic Bhasma for the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Chatterjee Somsuvra , Ghosh Chandrachur , Roy Partha
Published: August 2024

The application of Ayurvedic Bhasma in cancer treatment has garnered increasing interest due to its potential as an alternative therapeutic approach. Bhasma, a herbo-mineral formulation that consists of bioactive nanoparticles used in traditional Indian medicine, has shown promising preclinical evidence for its anticancer properties. Ayurveda, an ancient medicine system practiced in the Indian subcontinent, has successfully used various formulations to prevent or treat arbuda, which can be correlated with cancer. These formulations include Swarna Bhasma, Heerak Bhasma, Abhrak Bhasma, Manikya Bhasma, Yashada Bhasma, and many more. Using Ayurvedic medicines, the side effects of chemotherapy can be minimized, thereby increasing the life span of patients. With the advent of nanotechnology, traditional drug design and delivery are being looked upon in a completely new perspective. The anticancer activity of certain Bhasma is attributed to the presence of metallic nanoparticle content, enhancing its bioavailability and targeted action on cancer cells. In preclinical studies, some Bhasmas have demonstrated potential in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing tumor growth. However, at the same time, limitations in the use of Bhasma for cancer treatment, such as the lack of standardized synthesis processes and documented scientific validation, have also been acknowledged. The multifaceted analysis presented underscores the need for rigorous research, including clinical trials, to validate the safety, efficacy, and specific applications of Bhasma in different cancer types and stages. Although the health-beneficial effects of these Bhasmas have been known for a long time, their mechanism of action is not clearly understood yet at least for some Bhasmas that have shown potential in clinical trials. Therefore, further detailed studies are needed to understand the therapeutic mode of action for different Bhasma. However, despite these limitations, the integration of Ayurvedic Bhasma into cancer treatment regimens emerges as a compelling prospect, potentially yielding synergistic effects.
Duodenum in the right hemithorax: An unusual case of a large paraesophageal hernia
Authors: Virdiana Mahisha , Kedage Vijayendra , Ubarale Manasa , Shenoy K. Rajgopal
Published: August 2024

Paraesophageal hernia is an uncommon condition where the gastric fundus herniates through the diaphragm without the accompanied migration of the gastroesophageal junction. A woman in her late 60s presented with symptoms of vomiting and decreased appetite for 1 year, accompanied by abdominal fullness in the epigastrium, nausea, and retrosternal burning sensation. Her symptoms worsened over the past month, leading to intolerance to a liquid diet. Upon examination, a vague, tender mass was palpated over the epigastrium, and decreased breath sounds were noted over the right hemithorax. Computed tomography suggested the presence of paraesophageal hernia. An exploratory laparotomy was performed. Intraoperatively, a 4 cm paraesophageal diaphragmatic defect was found through which the antrum and the first part of the duodenum had herniated. The hernial contents were reduced, and anatomical closure was performed. Paraesophageal hernias necessitate careful history and examination, along with an individualized treatment approach, to achieve optimal patient outcomes.
Exploring the Experiences of Health-Promoting Behavior in the Workplace among Thai Pregnant Women: A Phenomenological Approach
Authors: Nuampa Sasitara , Tangsuksan Pornnapa , Patil Crystal L.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Inappropriate working conditions during pregnancy can negatively affect health-promoting behaviors and pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to explore the experiences of health-promoting behavior in the workplace among Thai pregnant women.

Materials and Methods:

Giorgi's phenomenological methodology was used, and data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 21 working-pregnant women in large industries in two regions of Thailand. Data were collected from December 2019 to June 2020. Purposive and snowball sampling were used to recruit pregnant women at 13–42 weeks of gestation. To analyze the data, three steps of Giorgi's phenomenological approach were employed.

Results:

The pregnant women described their lived experiences with health-promoting behaviors in the workplace into four major categories. Firstly, “positive attitude toward work in promoting health behaviors” contained three subcategories (“self-discipline,” “social interaction,” and “self-esteem”). Secondly, the idea that “changing temporary health behaviors is worthwhile for infants” was expressed into two subcategories (“eating adaptation” and “managing negative emotions”). Thirdly, “insufficient support from workplace policy” had three subcategories (“inconvenient accommodations,” “inflexible break times,” and “lack of healthcare support”). Finally, “negative perception of new work positions” consisted of two subcategories (“stress” and “low self-efficacy”).

Conclusions:

Positive attitudes toward work and infant health may encourage pregnant women to engage in healthy behaviors, while workplace support and policies are important in promoting healthy behavior and avoiding negative emotions. Health promotion interventions should encourage the value of work, promote maternal–fetal attachment, and increase health support policy to avoid mental health issues and promote healthy behaviors among working-pregnant women.
Factors Related to Professional Self-Concept of Nursing Students and Nurses: A Systematic Review
Authors: Juanamasta I. Gede , Aungsuroch Yupin , Preechawong Sunida , Gunawan Joko
Published: August 2024

Background:

Some nurses leave their job because of working conditions, which will affect nurse turnover. Patients perceive that those nurses are distrustful, and feel unsatisfied, with patients' complaints about nursing service. This study explored factors about the professional self-concept of nursing students and nurses.

Materials and Methods:

A systematic review of cross-sectional studies followed PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) were used from 1982 to August 2020 with the terms “factors” AND “nurse” AND “professional” AND “self-concept.” A total of 19 out of 4,349 articles were used for analysis. Joanna Brings Institute critical appraisal tools for the analytical cross-sectional studies were used in this study, and narrative synthesis was used to analyze data.

Results:

Professional self-concept of clinical nurses is influenced by including organizational or job factors, and individual and emotional factors. Job factors consist of organizational support, professional ethic, clinical ladder system, nursing experience, position, and time. Besides, sex, age, marital status, education, health status, healthy lifestyle, and experience were categorized as individual factors. Emotional factors were as follows: interpersonal relationships, spiritual growth, management stress, and self-description. Meanwhile, student nurses are influenced by including personal (degree of study and sex), emotions (emotional intelligence, and interest in the nursing profession), and external factors (nursing courses, peer-mentoring experience, and academic burnout).

Conclusions:

Thus, individual factors and emotions have a vital role in constructing clinical nurses' professional self-concept as student nurses. Improving individual and emotional/personal aspects will positively increase professional self-concept.
Comparative evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of nitrofurantoin, chitosan, and calcium hydroxide in combination with propylene glycol as an intracanal medicament against endodontic pathogen – An in vitro study
Authors: Ugalmugale Snehal Ramnath , Bohora Aarti Ashok , Patel Pawan Ashok , Sharma Vinay , Sengupta Shubhra , Sharma Sneha Monesh
Published: August 2024

Objective:

The objective is to evaluate and compare the antibacterial efficacy of nitrofurantoin, chitosan, and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in combination with propylene glycol (PG) as an intracanal medicament against endodontic pathogens.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty-two extracted single-rooted maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and premolars were selected. The root canals were enlarged using Protaper universal rotary files. Clinical isolates of microorganisms collected from retreatment cases were used. Bacterial isolates obtained from infected root canals were introduced into brain–heart infusion (BHI) broth. Incubation of samples for 14 days was carried out to facilitate the development of mature biofilms. Intracanal medicaments were divided into four groups: Group 1 – Nirofurantoin+20% PG, Group 2 – Chitosan+20% PG, Group 3 – Ca(OH)2 + 20% PG, and Group 4 – 20% PG. The prepared root samples were incubated for 7 days. After collecting dentin samples, they were placed in a phosphate-buffered saline solution. Serial dilutions were then performed, and each dilution was plated on BHI agar. The plates were incubated for 24 h at 37°C. The antibacterial efficacy was assessed by calculating the percentage of remaining colony-forming units.

Results:

Antibacterial efficacy of chitosan paste was significantly higher followed by nitrofurantoin as compared to other groups when used as an intracanal medicament.

Conclusions:

In the root-canal biofilm model, the combination of chitosan and PG demonstrated a significant reduction in the viability of endodontic pathogens when employed as intracanal medication for 7 days. This suggests its potential as an effective intracanal medicament for endodontic retreatment.
Comparative evaluation of efficacy in working length determination: Radiography versus Electronic apex locators using in vivo and ex vivo methods with stereomicroscope validation
Authors: Saha Debjani , Mazumdar Dibyendu , Biswas Mousumi , Chanani Ankit , Das Snigdho
Published: August 2024

Background:

Accurate determination of the working length (WL) is crucial for successful endodontic treatment. Various methods, including radiography and electronic apex locators (EALs), are employed for WL measurement, each with its advantages and limitations.

Aim:

This study aimed to compare the accuracy of WL determination using conventional radiography and the Root ZX Mini EAL against an ex vivo gold standard method.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty single-rooted teeth scheduled for extraction were included. WLs were determined using radiography (Grossman’s method) and the Root ZX Mini EAL. An ex vivo method served as the gold standard with WL carried out on extracted teeth under a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis included Paired samples t-test, Chi-square test, and Bland–Altman plots.

Results:

The mean WL values were comparable among methods, with slight variations in precision. The Root ZX Mini EAL demonstrated significantly lower mean absolute error compared to radiography (P < 0.001). Accuracy within ± 0.5 mm and ± 1 mm tolerance ranges favored the EAL over radiography (P = 0.04 and P = 0.004, respectively).

Conclusion:

The Root ZX Mini EAL exhibited superior accuracy and lower error rates in WL determination compared to radiography. Integrating EALs alongside radiographic techniques is recommended to optimize WL precision in clinical practice.
Investigation of Electrical Signals in the Brain of People with Autism Using Effective Connectivity Network
Authors: Bahrami Farzaneh , Taghizadeh Maryam , Shayegh Farzaneh
Published: August 2024

Unlike other functional integration methods that examine the relationship and correlation between two channels, effective connection reports the direct effect of one channel on another and expresses their causal relationship. In this article, we investigate and classify electroencephalographic (EEG) signals based on effective connectivity. In this study, we leverage the Granger causality (GC) relationship, a method for measuring effective connectivity, to analyze EEG signals from both healthy individuals and those with autism. The EEG signals examined in this article were recorded during the presentation of abstract images. Given the nonstationary nature of EEG signals, a vector autoregression model has been employed to model the relationships between signals across different channels. GC is then used to quantify the influence of these channels on one another. Selecting regions of interest (ROI) is a critical step, as the quality of the time periods under consideration significantly impacts the outcomes of the connectivity analysis among the electrodes. By comparing these effects in the ROI and various areas, we have distinguished healthy subjects from those suffering from autism. Furthermore, through statistical analysis, we have compared the results between healthy individuals and those with autism. It has been observed that the causal relationship between these two hemispheres is significantly weaker in healthy individuals compared to those with autism.
Clinical insights and real-time PCR analysis of the first adeno-enterovirus conjunctivitis outbreak in India: A comprehensive cross-sectional study
Authors: Aishwarya A , Agarwal R , Garg A , Jain V
Published: August 2024

Objective:

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the emergence of adeno-enterovirus conjunctivitis, with a focus on its clinical manifestations, prevalence, and implications within the context of acute epidemic conjunctivitis.

Methods:

Real-time PCR analysis was employed to precisely identify the viral strain in conjunctival swab samples. A total of 80 patients were tested, and specific clinical symptoms were assessed.

Results:

The study revealed the first documented case in India and the second worldwide of adeno-enterovirus conjunctivitis. The prevalence among the tested patients was significant, with 15% testing positive. Those infected with adeno-enterovirus exhibited shorter illnesses (≤3 days). Notably, clinical symptoms such as subconjunctival hemorrhage, chemosis, swelling, photophobia, and epiphora were significantly linked to this viral variant. Multivariable logistic regression analysis highlighted swelling and photophobia as robust predictors for identifying adeno-enterovirus conjunctivitis cases.

Conclusion:

The findings underscore the urgent need to recognize adeno-enterovirus conjunctivitis as a potential threat, capable of causing significant ocular morbidity. Swelling and photophobia emerged as robust predictors for identifying cases, emphasizing the importance of vigilant monitoring and comprehension of this viral variant. Proactive measures are essential to address its clinical implications and mitigate its impact on affected populations. Ongoing research is crucial to unravel the complete spectrum of adeno-enterovirus conjunctivitis and guide effective management strategies.