bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conclusion: Laura is the One
Authors: Hallam Lindsay
Published: February 2021

This chapter celebrate the character in David Lynch's Twin Peaks: Fire Walk With Me named Laura Palmer, who evolved from an image personifying the 'beautiful dead girl' to a character who is complex and flawed, yet powerful and strong. It explains how Fire Walk With Me is considered as a horror film due to Laura's story as it is a horror that is all too real for way too many people. It also mentions Twin Peaks as a place of mystery that is both wonderful and strange and hints that there is something more beyond the surface. The chapter focuses on Laura as the key to the whole Twin Peaks universe. It discusses how the audience got to know more about Laura in Fire Walk With Me.
The Cinematic Language of The Hurt Locker
Authors: McSweeney Terence
Published: February 2021

This chapter begins with an epigraph, “What can you do with the camera that makes you feel like you're a participant?”, which was taken from the Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Chris Hedges' book War is a Force that Gives Us Meaning. It points out that the epigraph was used in the opening of The Hurt Locker and considered one of the film's central thematic motifs and metaphor. It also looks at The Hurt Locker's very particular cinematic style that is described as both jagged and frenetic. The chapter discusses how The Hurt Locker was filmed in Jordan, a country which borders Iraq to the west and has a very similar architecture to Baghdad where the film is primarily set. It analyzes the cinematic language and narrative choices that lead towards understanding the character of William James as a masculine hero and a decisive man of action.
Introduction
Authors: Arnold Darren
Published: February 2021

This introductory chapter provides an overview of Ken Russell's The Devils (1973). The 1970s proved to be a prolific period for Russell, but the decade closed with both the advent of home video and his slide in reputational and commercial terms, meaning reduced demand was in place for audiences to (re)discover Russell's earlier work via the new small-screen format. Russell's output in the 1980s was largely dismissed by audiences and critics alike, while the following decade saw the director turn out a series of boilerplate TV movies. Little was done in the way of seriously reappraising his body of work until the early 2000s, when his TV films on composers Delius and Elgar were released on DVD and work on a director's cut of The Devils began. While this did not immediately bring about that much interest in Russell's other films, it did prove to be the starting point for The Devils in regaining the recognition which had been absent for the best part of three decades. It is a film which provides plenty of material for analysis and discussion, and while this has always been the case, it is now especially timely given the exposure and acclaim the film has received in recent years.
Synopsis
Authors: Arnold Darren
Published: February 2021

This chapter details the synopsis of Ken Russell's The Devils (1973). Set in seventeenth-century France, the film tells the story of influential secular priest Urbain Grandier, who holds interim powers in the city of Loudun following the death of Governor Sainte-Marthe. A chronic womaniser, the vainglorious Grandier begins a relationship with the daughter of a plague victim. The film also tells the story of Sister Jeanne, the abbess of the local Ursuline convent, who entertains wild sexual fantasies about Grandier and invites him to be the order's new confessor. After being disappointed when Father Mignon became the new confessor instead of Grandier, Sister Jeanne tells Mignon that Grandier is a servant of Satan who has placed her, and the rest of the convent, under a spell of lewd desire. A kangaroo court finds Grandier guilty of sorcery, and he's sentenced to death by burning.
The Vampire of Düsseldorf and the Butcher of Hanover
Authors: Deighan Samm
Published: February 2021

This chapter explores the numerous ways in which Fritz Lang's M prefigured and captured the growing understanding of serial murder in cinema. It recounts how Lang used a number of true crime sources and spent several days in a mental asylum to conduct his intensive research. It also mentions how Lang was inspired by several real-life German child killers like Fritz Haarmann, Peter Kürten, and Carl Großmann, whom he also allegedly interviewed. The chapter contrasts M and Lang's other work during the period with other German films that portray violent killers as their protagonists, such as those made by F.W. Murnau and G.W. Pabst. It looks at how directors of horror-themed movies deal with the intersection of violence, death, and sexuality.
Feminist Film Theory: An Introduction
Authors: Murray Terri
Published: February 2021

This chapter provides an overview of feminist film theory. Feminist film studies, or ‘gendered film studies’, is intended to explore the ways in which women (and men) are represented by visual media, and film in particular. Feminists argue that media representations of gender perpetuate and reinforce the values of patriarchal society. Men tend to be cast in strong, active roles while women are shown as passive and merely ‘pretty’. ‘Woman’ comes to represent not one person of the female sex, but a stereotype, a category defined by men and in opposition to men. Stereotyping is not always negative, but it tends to preserve and perpetuate power relations in society. Even today, women have a relatively small role in constructing public images of ‘womanhood’. The chapter then looks at the contributions of two influential authors whose seminal texts have fostered new understanding of gender representation in the visual media: John Berger and Laura Mulvey.
English Gothic
Authors: Turnock Bryan
Published: February 2021

This chapter evaluates the British horror film industry. Given the country's input in the success of the Hollywood horror films of the 1930s, in terms of source material as well as technicians and actors, horror film production in Britain was remarkably slow to emerge. This was due in no small part to the stringent censorship rules of the British Board of Film Censorship/Classification (BBFC), who did their best to dissuade British studios from making such films. The chapter investigates how one studio took up the reins of the genre and went on to dominate it for almost two decades. Matched only by the golden age of Universal in the 1930s and 1940s, Hammer Films produced some of the genre's most iconic images and characters through dozens of productions, while breaking box-office records around the world. The chapter looks at Terence Fisher's The Curse of Frankenstein (1957), the company's first foray into the genre, one which would lay the foundations for their success and set the template for the English Gothic horror film as it flourished into the 1960s and 1970s.
Conclusion
Authors: Sutherland Doris V.
Published: February 2021

This concluding chapter addresses the recurring themes of ancient Egypt and the mummy in popular culture. The treasures of Tutankhamun had been unpacked and examined by the public, directly or through reproduced images. These images are those of age-old artefacts, pharaohs, Egyptian princesses, and mummies. The names of the principal characters change: sometimes they are Imhotep and Anck-es-en-Amon, other times Kharis and Ananka, but they are always recognisable. Moreover, these characters return in many different forms. Ultimately, the living mummy has joined the vampires, the zombies, the knife-gloved killers, the ghost girls in TV sets, and all those other monsters created in horror films.
First Reel
Authors: Aspell Luke
Published: February 2021

This chapter discusses the opening scenes of David Cronenberg's Shivers (1975). The exteriors and interiors of Starliner Tower, where the film is located, are played by Tourelle-Sur-Rive on Nuns' Island, a late work of the Bauhaus architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. The structure of the building provides a physical framework for Cronenberg's choices in the film. The mise-en-scène and production design works with the shapes of the rooms made available to the production by their residents, and their existing décor, which the production had little budget to re-dress. This unity of location makes Shivers the last of three major Cronenberg films to begin, or double, as explorations of a built environment. The chapter then considers the film's plural identity as a Quebecois production made with English-Canadian state financing. It also introduces the characters of the story. In Shivers, as in most of Cronenberg's horror films, the source of the danger is private medicine, ‘private’ in both the ‘commercial’ and ‘personal’ senses.
‘A Spectacular Mess’: Synopsis
Authors: Kord Susanne
Published: February 2021

This chapter talks about the film 12 Monkeys from 1995, which was written by the co-author of Blade Runner in 1982 and author of Unforgiven in 1992, David Peoples, and his wife and collaborator Janet Peoples. It mentions Terry Gilliam of Monty Python fame, who directed 12 Monkeys. It also discusses how 12 Monkeys was made on an extremely modest budget of slightly under $30 million, resulting in the film's stars working for far less than their usual fee. The chapter recounts how 12 Monkeys defied expectations by raking in $170 million worldwide and receiving a number of nominations and awards. It describes the critics' response to 12 Monkeys, calling it a spectacular mess, a convoluted film with too many ideas for its own good, and a film with an involving, occasionally baffling storyline.
On Mis/Perceptions of Reality
Authors: Kord Susanne
Published: February 2021

This chapter explains how Terry Gilliam's 12 Monkeys went to astonishing lengths to denounce science or humanity's unwavering belief that science and technology will cure all ills. It describes technology and science that were persistently discredited in the film, such as the scientists' time travel mechanism that twice hurls Cole into the wrong time. It also talks about psychiatry as another science of strict distinctions that is debunked by Railly as an inconsistent thought system with no closer link to reality than any 'religion' or 'faith'. The chapter describes the 1990s-set scenes in 12 Monkeys, in which monkeys appear repeatedly on TVs in various scenes, gnawing on their bars, suffering in cruel experiments, or being lowered on strings. It points out intriguing paradoxes of 12 Monkeys, such as the film's fictional worlds, from mythology and art to TV cartoons and commercials.
Children of Men in an Era of Apocalyptic Anxiety
Authors: Dinello Dan
Published: February 2021

This chapter looks at Alfonso Cuarón's Children of Men in terms of one of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse — Pestilence. It explains how Children of Men is described between apocalyptic and dystopian, two concepts that are often used interchangeably, but are actually different. It points out that dystopia suggests the perfection of a pernicious order, such as the rise of a dictatorial regime and oppression of minorities, while the apocalypse suggests the End-of-the-World. The chapter discusses the End-of-the-World fiction that exploded in the wake of 9/11 as it revealed breaches in security. It mentions Kirsten M. Thompson, who states that apocalypticism has a close connection to the science-fiction genre.
Documenting the Future: Visual Design
Authors: Dinello Dan
Published: February 2021

This chapter details how Alfonso Cuarón's Children of Men eschews the glamorous production values of the standard Hollywood film and moves into the transgressive realm of simulated reportage. It elaborates Children of Men's realism by Cuarón's incorporation of the handheld camera with uninterrupted long takes, complex compositions with multiple planes of action, and an emphasis on medium and long-distance shots rather than close-ups. It also analyses Children of Men's visual style that reflects the aesthetic of French film theorist Andre Bazin. The chapter discusses how Cuarón takes a 'present-in-the-future' approach to the mise-en-scène and insistently cross-references the nightmarish state-of-siege future with staged versions of historical, politically charged imagery. It examines Children of Men as a transhistorical critique.
Conclusion: State of Emergency
Authors: Dinello Dan
Published: February 2021

This chapter reviews Alfonso Cuarón's Children of Men as a radical film that centralizes criticism of racism, xenophobia, white nationalism, and corporate technology. It examines how Children of Men subverts the conservative politics of the global capitalist entertainment industry by co-opting and castigating the system that produced it. It also points out how Children of Men does not derive its politics from its production context, but rather from the values it urges through its story and style. The chapter discusses Alfonso Cuarón's exploitation of mainstream mechanisms of the multinational entertainment machine by acceding to some mass audience expectations. It analyses the political importance and human value of Cuarón's artistry that is fortified through the vision of Albert Camus and his conception of fascism.
Citizen ASAS-SN: Citizen Science with The All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN)
Authors: Christy C. T. , Jayasinghe T. , Stanek K. Z. , Kochanek C. S. , Way Z. , Prieto J. L. , Shappee B. J. , Holoien T. W.-S. , Thompson T. A.
Published: February 2021

We present “Citizen ASAS-SN,” a citizen science project hosted on the Zooniverse platform which utilizes data from the All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN). Volunteers are presented with ASAS-SN g-band light curves of variable star candidates. The classification workflow allows volunteers to classify these sources into major variable groups, while also allowing for the identification of unique variable stars for additional follow-up.
Experimental Simulation of the Volatile Hydrocarbons Generated by the Long-UV Photoprocessing of (C6H6) Ices with Relevance to Titan's Southern Stratospheric Ice Clouds
Authors: Mouzay J. , Henry K. , Ruf A. , Couturier-Tamburelli I. , Danger G. , Piétri N. , Chiavassa T.
Published: February 2021

Ice clouds containing benzene (C6H6) have recently been detected in the stratosphere at the south pole of Titan. Their subsequent aging process induced by long-UV solar photons could lead to a photoreactivity that may release some volatile organic compounds in the gas phase. The characterization of this volatile organic fraction coming from the photoprocessing (λ > 230 nm) of such icy C6H6 has been characterized by a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer. Complex molecular diversity is observed through the identification of C3 to C8 photoproducts, which belong to the alkane, alkene, and alkyne families and aromatic derivatives. Thereafter, these hydrocarbons will potentially be transported down to the surface, as condensed ices. Because the energy of solar UV photons decrease with altitude, most of these solid-state hydrocarbons will not be photochemically degraded and may contribute at the end to the organic layer that covers Titan’s surface. As these materials would be probed by DraMS, the mass spectrometer on board the future Dragonfly mission, these analyses could serve as benchmarks for future molecule detection on Titan’s surface.
Clinical Supervision for Quality Reproductive Health Services in Primary Health Care in Egypt: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Wahby Ghada , Abdel-Razik Madiha Said , El Egizy Fayrouz , Salem Marwa Rashad
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to assess clinical supervision (CS) role in quality family planning/reproductive health services (FP/RHS) in Ministry of Health and Population-primary health care (MOHP-PHC) facilities through objective analysis.
METHODS: Settings: MOHP and five Egyptian governorates. Design: A qualitative study with objective analysis that covers strengths and sustainability. Sampling: Random sample of 25 districts and 250 health units (one physician and one nurse from each unit) from five governorates. Data collection: Focus group discussions (FGDs) (n = 21) for clinical supervisors at central, governorate, and district levels.
RESULTS: FGDs raised vital roles of CS in FP/RHS. Clinical supervisors were dissatisfied because they are not partners in decision making in MOHP training programs.
CONCLUSION: CS in FP/RHS is important for sustainable capacity building of the service providers teams in PHC facilities.
The first record of Omosita nearctica Kirejtshuk (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae) in South Africa, with the first description of its mature larva
Authors: Williams Kirstin A. , Clitheroe Crystal-Leigh , Villet Martin H. , Midgley John M.
Published: February 2021

Sap beetles of the genus Omosita Erichson are stored-product pests that are also associated with carrion, potentially making them biosecurity risks and forensic tools. The discovery of a specimen of the Nearctic species Omosita nearctica Kirejtshuk in South Africa prompted an investigation a decade later to determine if this species had established itself in the country, which was confirmed by the collection of further breeding specimens that also facilitated the first description of mature larvae of O. nearctica. A new key to adults of all Omosita species is presented.
Four new species of the genus Carinostigmus Tsuneki (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Crabronidae) from Oriental China, with an updated key to the Chinese species
Authors: Bashir Nawaz Haider , Li Qiang , Ma Li
Published: February 2021

The taxonomy of the apoid wasps of the genusCarinostigmusfrom China is studied, with description of four new species, namelyCarinostigmus capiconvergensBashir & Ma,sp. nov.,Carinostigmus longivertexBashir & Ma,sp. nov.,Carinostigmus rugipunctatusBashir & Ma,sp. nov., andCarinostigmus triangularisBashir & Ma,sp. nov. An updated key to the Chinese species ofCarinostigmusis provided.
Naturalistic Lessons in Post-Inauguration Leadership
Authors: Bleich Michael R.
Published: February 2021

Leadership development opportunities can be derived from naturalistic learning experiences. Six lessons from the recent presidential campaign are presented through a leadership lens rather than a political lens. Topics include networking, polarity management, communication, managing agreement, ambition, and transition management.

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J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2021;52(3):112–114.]
The Show Must Go On: Using Technology for Rapid Onboarding and Orientation During COVID-19 and Beyond
Authors: Noza Margallo Dionne , Billner-Garcia Renee , Bradley Kathleen
Published: February 2021

The global pandemic presented an opportunity for using technology in expanded ways to meet mandated restrictions posed by the crisis. Nursing professional development practitioners redesigned onboarding structures and curriculum to accommodate the surge of new hires, taking into consideration restrictions set forth by regulatory institutions. Mobile technology and virtual learning were the platform used for this innovative approach.

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J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2021;52(3):115–117.]
Meeting the Doctor of Nursing Practice Essentials Through a Journal Club Clinical Experience
Authors: Vortman Rebecca
Published: February 2021

Students implementing journal clubs can meet Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) essential skills by developing analytical methods to critically appraise the evidence. The objective of this article is to inform DNP faculty and students on the value of journal clubs in doctoral nursing education. This article includes a reflection on a DNP student's experience implementing a journal club as an exemplar. The approaches used involved a literature review on the benefits of a journal club for nurses and a reflection on the experience of implementing a journal club. The journal club experience met the guidelines for two American Association of Colleges of Nursing DNP essential skills. A journal club is an effective way to meet DNP essential skills in nursing students and is possible to implement in an online format, which is an attractive clinical option during COVID-19.[J Contin Educ Nurs. 2021;52(3):123–129.]
Religion romaine et esclavage au Haut-Empire
Authors: Amiri Bassir
Published: February 2021

La réalité juridique de l’esclave à Rome et l’approche économique de l’esclavage ont longtemps figé nos représentations de la place de l’esclave dans la société romaine. C’est l’objet de cet ouvrage, à partir de la confrontation des sources littéraires et de la riche documentation épigraphique, iconographique et archéologique de Rome, du Latium et de la Campanie, du Ier siècle avant notre ère au IIIe siècle ap. J.-C., que de proposer une réévaluation de la situation de l’esclave sous l’angle de sa participation à la vie religieuse, en réfutant l’idée d’une exclusion induite par le modèle de la religion civique. En interrogeant les modalités d’accès des esclaves aux pratiques religieuses, leur participation aux sacrifices publics, aux cultes des uici, des collegia, de la familia, l’ouvrage pose la question de la nature de leur engagement, de leur initiative, voire de leur autorité dans le cadre d’une religion ritualiste, où les obligations sont conditionnées par le statut, mais où, pour les esclaves, la sociabilité joue un rôle fondamental. S’il n’y a pas de religion propre aux esclaves, c’est bien parce que chacun est à même de participer à la vie religieuse des structures romaines en vertu de l’enchevêtrement des réseaux auxquels il appartient.
Nanomedicine and Its Applications in Combating Resistance Relating to Opportunistic Pathogens With Special Reference to Tuberculosis
Authors: Shrivastava Priya , Gautam Laxmikant , Jain Anamika , Vishwakarma Nikhar , Vyas Sonal , Vyas Suresh P.
Published: February 2021

The worldwide misuse of antimicrobials and subsequent rise of the multi-drug resistant (MDR) opportunistic intracellular pathogens have led to a paradigm shift in the established perspective of antimicrobials and bacterial-human relations. Antibiotic resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis have threatened the progress in management and control of worldwide epidemic of tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis intrinsically resists many antimicrobials, limiting the number of compounds available for treatment. Typically, conventional treatments for these diseases consist of long-term therapy with a combination of bioactive(s) that can cause side effects and contribute to low patient compliance. The escalation of antimicrobial resistance poses compelling demand for new ways of treating bacterial infections. The main objective of this chapter is to review the potential applications of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems in combating drug resistance associated with opportunistic intracellular pathogens with special reference to tuberculosis.
Encountering the Survival Strategies Using Various Nano Assemblages
Authors: Muthukrishnan Lakshmipathy
Published: February 2021

The technological advancements have not only made humans more civilized but have also caused the micro-organisms to develop several survival strategies via antimicrobial resistance to keep pace. Such highly developed microbial systems have been classified as superbugs, exhibiting Trojan-horse mechanism. This uncertain behaviour in microbes has challenged humans to scour around novel moiety to shield themselves from the detrimental effects. One such natural phenomenon that has drawn the attention of researchers is the metal-microbe interaction where microbes were found to be controlled during their interaction with metals. Fine tuning could bestow them with enhanced physico-chemical properties capable of controlling life-threatening micro-organisms. Nano forms of metals (nanoparticles, quantum dots, polymeric nanostructures) exhibiting medicinal properties have been implied toward biomedical theranostics. This chapter highlights the mechanistic antimicrobial resistance and the containment strategy using various nano assemblage highlighting its fabrication and bio-molecular interaction.
The Science of Smart Things
Authors: Radley Alan
Published: February 2021

An ontological analysis of the application of the key concept of synergy to the internet of things (IoT) is presented. The authors begin by defining synergy as it applies to all types of human-made objects, and in particular to connected things, along the way developing a new theory of synergetic accommodation that provides a detailed aetiology of smart technology. A presentation of the history, routes, plus a complete definition of smart technology is given before looking at how the IoT is developing today and might progress in the future for the benefit of all humankind. Accordingly, the authors develop two new concepts, situated and distributed intelligence, that may be used to develop practically useful smart technology that fully meets the needs of the future in terms of providing efficient, magnified, reliable, safe, automated, and economical services.
Students in Socially Vulnerable Contexts
Authors: Poncio Silvia Victoria , Tedini Daniel , Castañeira Veronica , Marzorati Diego E. , Roth Eric Hermán
Published: February 2021

A survey was developed based on an adaptation of the resource used by the Association for Training, Research and Development of Entrepreneurship (AFIDE: Asociación para la Formación, Investigación y Desarrollo del Emprendimiento, in Spanish) in the project for the Entrepreneurial Potential of Latin American Undergraduates (PEUL: Potencial Emprendedor de los Universitarios de Latinoamérica, in Spanish). The results showed that more than three-quarters of the students acknowledged having initiative, being creative and innovative, and obtaining and managing information in order to make their own decisions. They also identified that they value flexibility and time management, and they feel confident and motivated by making uncertainty a tool that allows them to recognize mistakes and continue to pursue their projects.
A Survey on the Techniques to Improve the Visibility of Geospatial Resources on the Web
Authors: Ansari Saif , Shukla Piyush Kumar , Pandey Rajeev , Agrawal Rohit
Published: February 2021

Geographical information has become ubiquitous. The demand to access geospatial data on the web is growing in numerous knowledge domains and disciplines. For the sharing of geospatial data, geoportals acts as entryways to the SDI (spatial data infrastructure) from where the data is disseminated. Because these geoportals are limited to geoinformation communities only, they exhibit challenges in terms of indexing by web search engines. Thus, the geospatial resources need a boost in terms of visibility over the internet (web). In this chapter, a discussion on the present state of geospatial resources on the web and comparison of various methods that have been employed for increasing the discoverability of geographical resources is presented. Therefrom, by discussion, the chapter concludes with a conjecture regarding scope for the further improvement in the methods that have been reviewed, along with depicting the need for the presence of geospatial resources on the internet.
Binary Classification of Network-Generated Flow Data Using a Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Bagui Sikha , Shah Keenal M. , Hu Yizhi , Bagui Subhash
Published: February 2021

This study proposes a model for building intrusion detection systems. The dataset used, CICIDS 2017, contains 14 different attacks with 85 features for each attack. This high dimensionality of the data is a major challenge when building efficient intrusion detection systems, especially in today's big data environment, since a lot of the features are redundant. The main goal in this paper was to reduce the number of features and present a detailed discussion of the important features. For feature selection, information gain was used in an iterative way, and for classification, a machine learning algorithm, the J48 decision tree algorithm, was used. The important features for the classification of each attack were identified, and the features that were important for classifying multiple attacks were also identified and discussed.
Pairing-Free Identity-Based Proxy Signature Scheme With Message Recovery
Authors: James Salome , Thumbur Gowri , Vasudeva Reddy P.
Published: February 2021

In many real-world situations, signature schemes with message recovery plays a very important role to minimize the bandwidth for efficient communications. A proxy signature scheme is a kind of digital signature scheme that allows an original signer to designate his/her signing capacity to a proxy signer. The proxy signer generates a signature on a message on behalf of the original signer. Such signatures are very useful in various applications where the delegation rights is quite common, especially in distributed systems and grid computing. This paper presents a pairing-free proxy signature with message recovery scheme that integrates the advantages of proxy signatures and message recovery in identity based setting. This scheme improves the computational and communicational efficiency due to pairing-free and message recovery features. The proposed scheme is proven secure in the random oracle model under the hardness assumption of the ECDLP. The comparison results shows that the proposed scheme is superior to the related works from the aspect of security and performance.
Evaluation of Secretome Tenogenic Potential from Adipose Stem Cells (ACS) in Hypoxic Condition with Fresh Frozen Tendon Scaffold Using Scleraxis (Scx), Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) and Collagen Type 1
Authors: Putra Ramadhan Ananditia , Suroto Heri
Published: February 2021

Various studies have been conducted to see the scaffold that supports the regeneration of tendon. This study aims to analyze thein vitrosecretome tenogenic potential produced by ASCs culture with fresh frozen tendon scaffold in hypoxic conditions. ELISA tests for Scx and IGF-1 levels in secretome were obtained from ASC culture with fresh frozen tendon scaffold under normoxic (21%) and hypoxia (2%) conditions. The immunohistochemical examination of COL-1 was also carried out on the 2ndand 6thdays of cell culture. The secretion of Scx and IGF-1 was increased in secretome from ASC cultures using a fresh frozen tendon scaffold compared with those which did not (p <0.05). In the normoxia condition, Scx and IGF-1 in secretome with fresh frozen tendons had better results than hypoxic conditions (p <0.05). The highest Scx levels were obtained in culture on the 6thday (p <0.05), while the highest IGF-1 levels were obtained in the culture on the 2ndday (p <0.05). There was an increase in the secretion of Scx and IGF-1 from ASC cultures with fresh frozen tendon scaffold under the hypoxic condition of 2%.
Finite Element Modelling of Cochlear Electrode Arrays
Authors: Al Samri Jamal M. , Alaboodi Abdulaziz S.
Published: February 2021

The implant of cochlear electrode arrays is standard nowadays as a result of the improvement of medical surgery, equipment, and material properties. In this paper, the finite element modeling FEM will be utilized to characterize the mechanical properties of the electrode arrays. The results show that a good agreement between the finite element results and the experimental. Besides, it shows that no significant difference between the tapered and uniform correctional electrodes.
Preparation, Structural, Electrochemical and Photocatalytic Studies of Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots
Authors: Ajibade Peter A. , Mphahlele Lebogang L.R.
Published: February 2021

We report the preparation, structural, electrochemical and photocatalytic studies of monodispersed cadmium sulphide quantum dots from didecylaminyl dithiocarbamate and 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl) anilinyl dithiocarbamate cadmium(II) complexes. Powder X-ray diffraction pattern confirms hexagonal crystalline phases for the as-preapred CdS quantum dots irrespective of the precursor used with particle size of 3.39-5.51 nm. Optical absorption band edges of 515 nm were observed for the cadmium sulfide quantum dots with energy band gaps estimated from the Tauc plots of 1.97 eV for OLM-CdS1 prepared from Cd(II) didecylaminyl dithiocarbamate and 1.92 eV for OLM-CdS2 prepared from Cd(II) 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl) anilinyl dithiocarbamate. These energy band gaps are blue shifted with respect to the bulk cadmium sulphide. The calculated electrochemical band gap of 2.34 V and 3.30 V are higher than band gap energy. The as-prepared CdS quantum dots were used as photocatalysts for the photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue (MB) with efficiency of 61 % and 55 %.
PEGylated Active Carbon Nanoparticles with Improved Dispersivity in Water and Potential Application in Lymphatic Targeted Therapy of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Liu Wen Kai , Song Yuan Qing , Ma Yan , Li Xin , Chen Peng , Luo Feng , Li Jie Hua , Li Zhen , Yang Lie , Tan Hong , Zhou Zong Guang
Published: February 2021

A series of PEGylated active carbon nanoparticles were fabricated with improved dispersity in water and were explored for their ability for carrying drugs and potential application in lymphatic targeted tracing and chemotherapy of colorectal cancer. The active carbon nanoparticles were oxidized in a mild condition with 30% H2O2 solution and then mPEG-NH2 was grafted to the nanoparticles. Compared with the original carbon nanoparticles, the oxidized and PEGylated nanoparticles all present improved stability and initial solubility in water and the PEGylated nanoparticles perform best. Size of the nanoparticles was well controlled in a rational area which can fulfill the requirement for lymphatic targeting. The PEGylated nanoparticles have excellent drug loading properties and allow for sustained release under physiological conditions. The MTT results show the drug-loaded nanoparticles can effectively kill SW480 cells (Human Colon Cancer Cells). These characteristics make the PEGylated nanoparticles become a promising candidate for using as drug-loaded powder for both lymphatic targeted tracing and chemo-therapy without using suspending agent in tumor treatment.
Simulation of Fe-Ti-Sb Thernary Phase Diagram at Temperatures above 900 K
Authors: Tukmakova Anastasiia , Novotelnova Anna , Taskaev Sergey , Miki Hiroyuki , Khovaylo Vladimir
Published: February 2021

Heusler alloys have been considered as one of the most promising thermoelectric materials for electrical power generation in a temperature range of 500–800 °C. Establishment of phase diagrams allows one to predict formation, equilibria, and stability of phases in of these ternary alloys. In this work we report on the simulation and investigation of phase diagram and phase equilibria in ternary Ti-Fe-Sb system which is of considerable interest for thermoelectric applications. The simulation was carried out using the CALPHAD method in Pandat software. The existence of the thermoelectric Heusler TiFe1.5Sb phase was revealed in a temperature range from 970 to 1070 K. The equilibria between TiFe1.5Sb and other phases were determined. The entropy of formation was calculated for the phases existing at 970, 1020 and 1070 K using a fitting approach. A narrow equilibrium region containing pure body centered cubic Fe and TiFe1.5Sb was found.
Enhancement Bending Strength of Non Fired Wall Tiles by Recovering Sand-Wastes By-Products from Kaolin Beneficiation Process
Authors: Wangrakdiskul Ubolrat , Poommong Thanapong , Tubtimkeaw Pishayuth
Published: February 2021

Kaolin beneficiation mining is one of the sectors in a supply chain of ceramic industries, supplying qualified raw materials for manufacturing high-quality ceramic products. However, substantially by-products are generated from the mining process. The abundance fraction of sand-wastes is generated by approximately 40% of kaolin material input, amounting to 172,200 tons/ year. The burden of the manufacturer is attempting to find out the way to solve this problem. The effort of this research is to utilize waste by-products (sand-wastes) from kaolin mining. The eco-friendly Non fired wall tiles are developed with the combination of sand-wastes, laterite soil, river sand, and Portland cement Type I. They have been compared with the Thai Industrial Standard (TIS 2508-2555). Results of the experiment show that the proposed wall tile can achieve the physical properties of TIS 2508-2555. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) has been studied to analyze the surface morphology of specimens. This can be summarized that 25% of sand-wastes can be utilized in wall tiles. In addition, energy-saving for non-firing products is achieved. Furthermore, energy-saving is also calculated and compared with fired wall tile which has similar properties.
Preparation and Characterization of Polycaprolactone / Graphene / Zinc Oxide Composites
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Yuan Lin , Gao Chen , Hu Xue Fei , Wu Chin San , Tsou Chi Hui
Published: February 2021

Biodegradable composite from polycaprolactone (PCL) and Graphene/zinc oxide (Graphene/ZnO) is studied. The Graphene/ZnO content is at 0.5%, 1.5% in PCL. Neat PCL and composites were characterized by microstructure, mechanical properties and thermal properties. Scanning electron micrographs show that the additive has agglomerated in PCL/Graphene/ZnO. Agglomeration of the filler results in reduced tensile properties of the composite. The result from XRD indicates Graphene/ZnO can improve the crystallinity of PCL. According to the results of buried soil test and analysis, Graphene/ZnO can reduce the biodegradation rate of PCL and make the material more durable. This new biodegradable composite material can be used as a new environmentally friendly material.
Silane-Treated Muscovite as Reinforcement for 3D-Printed ABS via Fused Deposition Modeling
Authors: Felices Niño B. , Pajarito Bryan B.
Published: February 2021

Epoxysilane-treated muscovite (ETM) was used as reinforcing filler to 3D-printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) via fused deposition modeling (FDM). Its effects to the mechanical and thermal properties of ABS were investigated. ETM was loaded at 1, 3, and 5wt%. ABS/ETM composites were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Mechanical reinforcement of ABS was observed for ABS/ETM composites loaded at 1 and 3 wt% wherein it was noted that the tensile strength and elastic modulus increased by up to 83.6% and 76.6%, respectively. Reinforcement was brought by interfacial adhesion of ETM with the ABS matrix. There was a sharp decline in mechanical properties for ABS/ETM composites loaded at 5wt% due to agglomeration of ETM in the matrix and discontinuities in the printed layers. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of ABS increased and the onset of its degradation shifted towards higher temperatures with the addition of ETM. It can be concluded that the addition of ETM to ABS for FDM 3D printing improved its mechanical and thermal properties.
Welding Shape Control of Cross Member Backbone Assembly by Automatic Gas Metal Arc Yaskawa-MA1440 Type
Authors: Anggraini Lydia , Kalimi
Published: February 2021

In order to prevent distortion caused by heat which affects the material deformation, the properties controlled are required. The properties changes and the placement of the mounting position will effect the weld strength that causes cracks and broken joints, therefore it affects the safety of machine construction. Thus, the objective of this paper is to control the shape of cross member backbone assembly by gas metal arc welding (GMAW). The welding is produced by an automatic robot Yaskawa-MA1440 type. In order to obtain the good quality of the result, the welding shape is controlled by a parameters combination of voltage, current, and speed. Yaskawa-MA1440 type is used as the automatic welding machine. The main material used is cold rolled steel coil sheet MJSC270D-OD with a thickness of 1.2 mm. In addition, to control the welding shape, the specified shape design standard is followed include travel speed, gas flow, welding direction, torch tip distance to the workpiece, torch angle and welding angle. The results of visual and dimensional were also examined in this research. Furthermore, the macrostructure i.e. leg length, fusion penetration, throat thickness have been analyzed and confirmed based on the standards used in the auto body vehicle part company. The appropriate parameters for the finest welding shape are defined at the horizontal position using an electric current of 120 A and the welding voltage of 18 V (± 1 V). Thus, the measurement control of macrostructure is defined as reference parameters for mass production of cross member backbone assembly.
Erratum to: How Big Is a Lock Number?
Authors: Seidel Cory , Peters David  A.
Published: February 2021

Correction to:Journal of the American Helicopter Society, Vol. 66, (1), January 2021, pp. 1–3, DOI 10.4050/JAHS.66.012001
It’s long-term, well it’s for life basically: Understanding and exploring the burden of immunoglobulin treatment in patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders
Authors: Jones Georgina , Brown Hajdukova Eva , Hanna Esmee , Duncan Rosie , Gough Brendan , Hughes Jane , Hughes Debbie , Ashworth Fran , Prevot Johan , Drabwell Jose , Solis Leire , Mahlaoui Nizar , Shrimpton Anna
Published: February 2021

This paper describes the burden of receiving immunoglobulin (Ig) treatment from the perspective of patients diagnosed with a Primary Immunodeficiency (PID). Thirty semi-structured interviews with patients receiving intravenous (n=21) and subcutaneous immunoglobulin (n=9) therapy, either at home or in hospital were undertaken. Underpinned by a phenomenological theoretical framework, and using a qualitative, inductive thematic approach to prioritise patients’ concerns, we identified that Ig treatment requires considerable effort by the patient, particularly in relation to the amount of time, organization and planning that is needed. They also face numerous physical, social, relationship, emotional, role functioning, travelling, and financial challenges in their effort to undergo and maintain their infusions and care for their health. Some qualitative differences in treatment burden were noted between home and hospital settings which contributed to non-adherence to those regimes. Immunoglobulin treatment burden is complex and influenced by therapeutic mode and setting and the personal circumstances of the patient. As choice over treatment method appears to be mainly informed by lifestyle needs, PID patients may benefit from more information about these potential Ig lifestyle influences when selecting which form of treatment to take together with their health professional.
Safety and Efficacy of Oxycodone in Cancer Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Cancer Pain
Authors: Lu Chien-Chang , Chen Hong-Hwa
Published: February 2021

Background:

The study aimed at evaluating the safety and tolerability of oxycodone in patients with moderate-to-severe cancer pain at a medical center in southern Taiwan.

Materials and Methods:

This was a subgroup analysis of a 12-week, uncontrolled, open-label, multicentric study. During the treatment phase, all participants received control-released (CR) oxycodone and/or immediate-released (IR) oxycodone. The primary end point was the number and percentage of patients with adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). The secondary end points included patient-reported outcomes and titration of oxycodone.

Results:

A total of 19 patients were enrolled at this medical center. A total of 56 AEs were documented in 12/19 (63.2%) patients, of which, only 4/56 (7.1%) AEs were treatment-related adverse events occurring in 3/19 (15.8%) patients and no treatment-related SAEs were observed. Most AEs were mild and typical for opioids administered to patients with cancer pain. The most AEs involved the gastrointestinal systems (23%), such as nausea, constipation, and vomiting. At the study end, pain intensity of Numeric Rating Scale score had significantly decreased from 6.3 to 1.6 points; the quality of life on the European Quality of Life Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS) median score had improved from 50 to 60 points; and proportion of good/excellent? quality of analgesia (QoA) had increased from 5.3% to 100%. The interesting findings of EQ5D item analyses that the top two improvements were anxiety/depression and pain/discomfort, whereas “mobility” and “self-care” became worse, demonstrated that improvement in cancer pain seems to have more improvement on patients' anxiety/depression.” The median stable dose was 20 mg/day and the median time to reach stable dose was 1 day.

Conclusion:

CR and IR oxycodone are tolerable and effective in managing moderate-to-severe cancer pain among patients with colorectal cancers s at this medical center. Neither new safety signals nor significant bowel function disorders were noted. Together with the high acceptability and improvements on anxiety/depression and pain/discomfort on Taiwanese cancer patients, CR and IR oxycodone can be another valuable pain management option used for the daily control of moderate-to-severe cancer pain.
Role of Micronucleus Assay as an Indicator of Chromosomal Instability in Aspirates of Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Mangam Shubhangi Natthuji , Deshmukh Abhay Vilas , Shivkumar Vitaladevuni B
Published: February 2021

Background:

A micronucleus (MN) is a small additional nucleus, morphologically identical to but smaller than the main nucleus. It is a sensitive indicator of chromosomal instability, and it can be detected in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) smears with the Giemsa stain by light microscopy and the acridine orange (AO) stain by fluorescent microscopy. The objective of this study was to analyze the MN score in FNA smears of patients with breast carcinoma and fibroadenoma (FA).

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective observational study which included 78 cases of infiltrating duct carcinoma (IDC) and 82 of FA (as controls). Giemsa- and AO-stained FNA smears were analyzed and MN scores were compared between the IDC and FA cases.

Results:

The mean MN scores of the FA and IDC groups were 0.28 ± 0.45 and 11.28 ± 7.22 in the AO-stained smears and 0.13 ± 0.34 and 9.79 ± 6.5 in the Giemsa-stained smears (P = 0.0002 and 0.0001), respectively. The MN score increased in a stepwise manner from FA to Grade I, II, and III of IDC in Giemsa-stained smears. Comparisons of mean MN score between FA and the three different grades of IDC and between Grade I and II and Grade III were statistically significant (<0.001 in each category). Although the mean MN score with AO stain was higher than the mean MN score with Giemsa stain, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.17).

Conclusion:

The MN score in FNA smears in the IDC group was significantly higher than in the FA group, suggesting that it can be used as a potential additional surrogate marker for diagnosing and grading breast carcinoma. Both AO and Giemsa stains were equally good for MN scoring of the FNA smears.
Unusual Bilateral Adrenal Tumors
Authors: Ke Ya-Lun , Hsu Jui-Feng , Wei Yu-Ching , Hsiao Hui-Hua
Published: February 2021

Primary adrenal non-Hodgkin lymphoma is an extremely rare disease confined wholly or chiefly to extranodal involvement. We report the case of an old woman who presented with progressive malaise and was diagnosed with primary adrenal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma pathology using laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Enhanced computed tomography and positron emission tomography revealed bilateral adrenal involvement.
Completeness by Modal Deﬁnitions. Application to the Epistemic Logic With Hypotheses
Authors: Uridia Levan , Walther Dirk
Published: February 2021

We investigate the variant of epistemic logic S5 for reasoning about knowledge under hypotheses. The logic is equipped with a modal operator of necessity that can be parameterized with a hypothesis representing background assumptions. The modal operator can be described as relative necessity and the resulting logic turns out to be a variant of Chellas’ Conditional Logic. We present an axiomatization of the logic and its extension with the common knowledge operator and distributed knowledge operator. We show that the logics are decidable, complete w.r.t. Kripke as well as topological structures. The topological completeness results are obtained by utilizing the Alexandroﬀ connection between preorders and Alexandroﬀ spaces.