bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte‐derived MLL2 independently predicts disease‐free survival for patients with early‐stage oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Nisha , Ding Liang , Fu Yong , Yang Yan , Chen Sheng , Chen Wantao , Zhao Mengxiang , Zhao Xingxing , Lu Zhanyi , Ni Yanhong , Hu Qingang
Published: October 2019

Background

MLL2 (mixed‐lineage leukemia 2) is recognized as an essential role in regulating histone 3 lysine 4 tri‐methylation (H3K4me3) in mammalian cells. It is frequently mutated to promote developmental diseases and tumor initiation. However, the expression pattern of MLL2 and its clinical significance for patients with early‐stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain totally unknown.

Methods

Eighty‐five samples of primary early‐stage OSCC were enrolled in this retrospective study, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect the spatial pattern of MLL2. The diagnostic and prognostic value of MLL2 were assessed.

Results

MLL2 was widely expressed in tumor cells (TCs), fibroblast‐like cells (FLCs), and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), both in tumor center and invasive tumor front, and showed no distributive heterogeneity. Moreover, regardless of cell types and microlocalization, patients with high expressed MLL2 had increased depth invasion of tumor (DOI). Besides, upregulation of MLL2TC and MLL2TIL in tumor center were both associated with poor differentiation, but showed no correlation with tumor growth with comparable Ki‐67 levels. Prognostic analysis indicated that early‐stage OSCC patients with enhanced MLL2TIL in invasive tumor front were susceptible to occur postoperative metastasis and recurrence. Indeed, patients with higher expressed MLL2TIL showed shorter overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS), and MLL2TIL in invasive tumor front was an independent risk factor of DFS.

Conclusion

TIL‐derived MLL2 in invasive tumor front was an independent prognostic factor of DFS for early‐stage OSCC patients.
Displacement of Customized Abutments Designed on a Working Cast and in the Oral Cavity: A Comparative In Vivo Study
Authors: Lee Hyunho , Son Keunbada , Lee Wan‐Sun , Lee Kyu‐Bok
Published: October 2019

Purpose

To compare abutment displacement between the virtual, customized abutment that was designed on a cast and the customized abutment prepared in the oral cavity.

Materials and Methods

Eleven patients were selected for a single posterior implant prosthetic treatment. The impression was obtained using the closed tray impression method with a vinyl polysiloxane material using a custom tray. The standard tessellation language files of the customized abutment that was designed using the computer‐aided design system and acquired with an intraoral scanner in the oral cavity were superimposed and analyzed for distance and angle displacement using the three‐dimensional inspection analysis program (Geomagic Control X). In the statistical analysis, distance and angle displacement values were analyzed with the Kruskal‐Wallis H test (α = 0.05), and a post hoc comparison was performed using the Mann‐Whitney U‐test and Bonferroni correction method.

Results

The mean distance and angle displacement of the 15 customized abutments were 89.52 ± 66.86 µm and 0.83 ± 1.21°, respectively. There were significant differences in distance displacement (p < 0.001), and angle displacement (p < 0.001) among the 15 customized abutments, and there were no significant differences in angle displacement along the 4 directions (p = 0.735).

Conclusions

The displacement values of the customized abutments evaluated in the oral cavity differed significantly from patient to patient.
Common mental disorder is associated with periodontitis
Authors: Coelho Julita Maria F. , Miranda Samilly S. , da Cruz Simone S. , dos Santos Darci N. , Trindade Soraya C. , Cerqueira Eneida de M. M. , Passos‐Soares Johelle de S. , Costa Maria da Conceição N. , Figueiredo Ana Claudia M. G. , Hintz Alexandre Marcelo , de Almeida Alba R. B. , Pereira Monalisa N. , de Souza Nayra M. , Barreto Maurício L. , Gomes‐Filho Isaac S.
Published: October 2019

Objectives

This research evaluated the association between exposure to common mental disorder (CMD) and the presence of periodontitis.

Background

Common mental disorder is characterized by the presence of irritation, fatigue, insomnia, forgetfulness, decreased ability to concentrate, anxiety, and depression. It has been associated with several diseases; however, there are few studies that have associated it with periodontitis.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was carried out with 621 individuals. Data collection involved the application of a general questionnaire and the self‐reporting questionnaire for diagnosis of CMD. The diagnosis of periodontitis involved a full mouth periodontal examination using: clinical attachment level, probing depth, and bleeding on probing. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals between CMD (exposure) and periodontitis (outcome) were obtained.

Results

In the final sample, 38.16% (237) of the individuals were classified with CMD. Among these, 28.27% (67) had periodontitis. Association measurements showed that the occurrence of periodontitis among those exposed to CMD is approximately 50% higher than in those without this mental condition, with statistical significance, after adjustment for age, sex, family income, current smoking habit, alcohol beverage consumption, and cardiovascular disease (PRadjusted = 1.54, 95% CI: [1.13 to 2.10]).

Conclusions

The findings showed a positive association between exposure to CMD and periodontitis, revealing the importance of broadening public actions targeting mental health, which seems to be related to oral health, mainly due to the high frequency of the diseases in the studied sample.
Impact of alpha‐tocopherol deficiency and supplementation on sacrocaudalis and gluteal muscle fiber histopathology and morphology in horses
Authors: Bookbinder Lauren , Finno Carrie J. , Firshman Anna M. , Katzman Scott A. , Burns Erin , Peterson Janel , Dahlgren Anna , Ming‐Whitfield Brittni , Glessner Shelby , Borer‐Matsui Amanda , Valberg Stephanie J.
Published: October 2019

Background

A subset of horses deficient in alpha‐tocopherol (α‐TP) develop muscle atrophy and vitamin E‐responsive myopathy (VEM) characterized by mitochondrial alterations in the sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis muscle (SC).

Objectives

To quantify muscle histopathologic abnormalities in subclinical α‐TP deficient horses before and after α‐TP supplementation and compare with retrospective (r)VEM cases.

Animals

Prospective study; 16 healthy α‐TP‐deficient Quarter Horses. Retrospective study; 10 retrospective vitamin E‐responsive myopathy (rVEM) cases .

Methods

Blood, SC, and gluteus medius (GM) biopsy specimens were obtained before (day 0) and 56 days after 5000 IU/450 kg horse/day PO water dispersible liquid α‐TP (n = 8) or control (n = 8). Muscle fiber morphology and mitochondrial alterations were compared in samples from days 0 and 56 and in rVEM cases.

Results

Mitochondrial alterations more common than our reference range (<2.5% affected fibers) were present in 3/8 control and 4/8 treatment horses on day 0 in SC but not in GM (mean, 2.2; range, 0%‐10% of fibers). Supplementation with α‐TP for 56 days did not change the percentage of fibers with mitochondrial alterations or anguloid atrophy, or fiber size in GM or SC. Clinical rVEM horses had significantly more mitochondrial alterations (rVEM SC, 13% ± 7%; GM, 3% ± 2%) and anguloid atrophy compared to subclinical day 0 horses.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Clinically normal α‐TP‐deficient horses can have mitochondrial alterations in the SC that are less severe than in atrophied VEM cases and do not resolve after 56 days of α‐TP supplementation. Preventing α‐TP deficiency may be of long‐term importance for mitochondrial viability.
New insights into the mycobacterial PE and PPE proteins provide a framework for future research
Authors: Ates Louis S.
Published: October 2019

The PE and PPE proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been studied with great interest since their discovery. Named after the conserved proline (P) and glutamic acid (E) residues in their N‐terminal domains, these proteins are postulated to perform wide‐ranging roles in virulence and immune modulation. However, technical challenges in studying these proteins and their encoding genes have hampered the elucidation of molecular mechanisms and leave many open questions regarding the biological functions mediated by these proteins. Here, I review the shared and unique characteristics of PE and PPE proteins from a molecular perspective linking this information to their functions in mycobacterial virulence. I discuss how the different subgroups (PE_PGRS, PPE‐PPW, PPE‐SVP and PPE‐MPTR) are defined and why this classification of paramount importance to understand the PE and PPE proteins as individuals and or groups. The goal of this MicroReview is to summarize and structure the existing information on this gene family into a simplified framework of thinking about PE and PPE proteins and genes. Thereby, I hope to provide helpful starting points in studying these genes and proteins for researchers with different backgrounds. This has particular implications for the design and monitoring of novel vaccine candidates and in understanding the evolution of the M. tuberculosis complex.
In vitro comparison of dental implant site preparation with ultrasonic system and conventional rotatory system
Authors: Lanata‐Flores A. , Nascimento E.H.L. , Goulart D.R. , Haiter‐Neto F. , de Moraes M. , de Albergaria‐Barbosa J.R.
Published: October 2019

Aim

To compare in vitro the site preparation of dental implant using a rotatory system and an ultrasonic system by evaluating the variability of temperature, time and primary stability that is provided by the different sequences of dental implant drills and tips.

Materials and methods

Sixteen osteotomies were performed with different sequences of drills (Initial, Titamax 2.0, 2/3 and 3.0) for the rotatory group (RG) and tips (IM1S, IM2P, IM2/3, IM3P) for the ultrasonic group (UG) on bovine cortical‐cancellous bone samples. Micro‐CT images were acquired to assess bone microarchitecture and bone mineral density of each sample to guarantee similar bone conditions. For the RG, the osteotomies were performed with a dental implant contra‐angle handpiece at 800 rpm and 50 N/cm maximum torque using an implant micromotor. For the UG, the osteotomies were performed using a Piezosurgery3 system with the respective tip. The temperature was measured and four implants 3.75 × 11 Titamax were installed in each group to measure the final torque.

Results

For the RG, the following mean values were found: 22.87 s, 24.2°C superficial temperature, 27.6°C perforation temperature and 32.30 N/cm torque. The UG values were 72.9 s, 26.6°C superficial temperature, 32.1°C perforation temperature and 22.60 N/cm torque.

Conclusions

Rotatory and ultrasonic systems are effective methods for implant site preparation with satisfactory outcomes. For cortical‐cancellous preparation sites, the drills of the RG were related to lower temperatures and less time for osteotomy. Thus, the use of rotatory systems is preferred due to the heat differential generated during the dental implant sites preparation.
MX 2 is a novel regulator of cell cycle in melanoma cells
Authors: Juraleviciute Marina , Pozniak Joanna , Nsengimana Jérémie , Harland Mark , Randerson‐Moor Juliette , Wernhoff Patrik , Bassarova Assia , Øy Geir Frode , Trøen Gunhild , Flørenes Vivi Ann , Bishop David Timothy , Herlyn Meenhard , Newton‐Bishop Julia , Slipicevic Ana
Published: October 2019

MX2 protein is a dynamin‐like GTPase2 that has recently been identified as an interferon‐induced restriction factor of HIV‐1 and other primate lentiviruses. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs45430, in an intron of the MX2 gene, was previously reported as a novel melanoma susceptibility locus in genome‐wide association studies. Functionally, however, it is still unclear whether and how MX2 contributes to melanoma susceptibility and tumorigenesis. Here, we show that MX2 is differentially expressed in melanoma tumors and cell lines, with most metastatic cell lines showing lower MX2 expression than primary melanoma cell lines and melanocytes. Furthermore, high expression of MX2 RNA in primary melanoma tumors is associated with better patient survival. Overexpression of MX2 reduces in vivo proliferation partially through inhibition of AKT activation, suggesting that it can act as a tumor suppressor in melanoma. However, we have also identified a subset of melanoma cell lines with high endogenous MX2 expression where downregulation of MX2 leads to reduced proliferation. In these cells, MX2 downregulation interfered with DNA replication and cell cycle processes. Collectively, our data for the first time show that MX2 is functionally involved in the regulation of melanoma proliferation but that its function is context‐dependent.
Pediatric directors’ perception of clinical research education in Japan
Authors: Teruya Hideki , Takase Kozo
Published: October 2019

Background

Pediatric clinical research in Japan has declined recently, and a new policy requiring manuscripts of residents for the pediatric board examination was established in 2017. However, pediatric faculties appear to be confused about research education in residencies.

Methods

Questionnaires on research activities in residencies were distributed during the spring of 2018 to 500 pediatric directors in all educational hospitals in Japan. We collected data and performed statistical analyses: principal component analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, and multiple comparisons.

Results

We received 252 (50.4%) responses and analyzed 243 (61 academic hospitals, 27 children’s hospitals, 151 community hospitals, and 4 unknown). About 137 (56.4%) of them supported the new policy. There were three main contentious points on attitudes to pediatric research among respondents: passion for research, particularity about disease research, and public spirit. There was a difference in passion for research between academics and non‐academics. A difference in pride in particular research was observed between PhDs and MDs. Differences in public spirit were not associated with scholarly degrees or hospital type.

Conclusions

To promote research education in residencies, pediatric faculties should confirm and share the aim that pediatricians should be scientific physicians with a research mentality developed through research activities and should notice social problems. Through research education, pediatric residents could approach the five outcomes for pediatricians provided by the Japan Pediatric Society: being general physicians, child healthcare supporters, advocates for children, scholars, and professionals.
Oral alterations in patients with cystinosis
Authors: Tuma Marina , Ordóñez‐Aguilera Juan Fernando , Rodriguez Christian Giancarlo Bernal , Antunes Rosana Saint Clair Correia Aires , Gallottini Marina
Published: October 2019

Cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder, which leads to abnormal accumulation of cysteine in various organs, including progressive dysfunction of kidneys. The most severe and frequent form, affecting ∼95% of patients, is termed infantile nephropathic cystinosis (NC) (OMIM 219800). We have reported oral findings in two patients with NC and described esthetic and functional rehabilitation in one of them. The first case describes a 16‐year‐old male patient, who was diagnosed with NC when he was 1‐year‐old. The patient exhibited generalized enamel hypoplasia, grade 1 drug‐induced gingival overgrowth, caries lesion in molar tooth and supernumerary tooth (ie, distomolar). The second case describes a 14‐year‐old male patient diagnosed with NC at 3 years old. Clinical examination revealed generalized enamel hypoplasia and grade 1 drug‐induced gingival overgrowth. Radiographic examination showed supernumerary tooth (mesiodens). The treatment included gingivoplasty and restoration with direct composite resin. The severity of hypoplasia highlights the importance of a dental rehabilitation treatment, as proposed here. Direct restoration with composite resin allowed harmony, function, and esthetics to be restored, in addition to being a rapid and low‐cost technique.
An autoregressive model based on the generalized hyperbolic distribution
Authors: Karttunen Henri
Published: October 2019

We define a nonlinear autoregressive time series model based on the generalized hyperbolic distribution in an attempt to model time series with non‐Gaussian features such as skewness and heavy tails. We show that the resulting process has a simple condition for stationarity and it is also ergodic. An empirical example with a forecasting experiment is presented to illustrate the features of the proposed model.
Making Milk and Money: Contemporary Mothers' Orientations to Breastfeeding and Work
Authors: Johnson Katherine M.
Published: October 2019

In most Western industrial nations, gains have been made in women's educational and occupational opportunities as part of a larger gender revolution. At the same time, contemporary mothering expectations have expanded and intensified, especially the renewed focus on breastfeeding as the “optimal” choice for infant feeding. How do women perceive the simultaneous pursuit of these activities? Prior scholarship has identified tensions in cultural models of breastfeeding as well as in women's subjective experiences, emphasizing how breastfeeding is shaped and encountered through sociocultural context, especially ideologies that position work and mothering as incompatible. Building on this, I examine how the current generation of working mothers view working and breastfeeding. Through in‐depth interviews with 32 U.S. women, I show how women espouse distinctly different orientations to breastfeeding: instrumentalist, quasi‐maternalist, and pragmatist. I argue that these different orientations both reflect and reframe existing cultural models and discourses about contemporary women's relationships to work, mothering, and breastfeeding.
Fairness decisions in children and early adolescents with and without hearing loss
Authors: Eichengreen Adva , Broekhof Evelien , Güroğlu Berna , Rieffe Carolien
Published: October 2019

Although having universal aspects, development of a sense of fairness, a milestone in children's social development, is influenced by social and cultural forces. Yet, it scarcely has been studied in children who are at risk for their social development, let alone in deaf and hard‐of‐hearing (DHH) children, who have limited access to linguistic and social input. This study examined for the first time equity preferences in DHH children compared with hearing counterparts. About 179 children (8–11 years) and early adolescents (12–14 years) played four economic allocation games where they distributed coins between themselves and another child. Participants with and without hearing loss were similar in conditions that entailed non‐costly prosociality or self‐maximization. However, DHH participants showed weaker inequity aversion in more complex conditions: DHH children were more willing to allow other players to receive more coins than themselves, compared with hearing children and to DHH or hearing adolescents, and DHH adolescents were less willing to share resources when it was self‐costly, compared with all other groups. Findings are discussed in light of the tension between norms of social comparison and norms of prosociality, and how they are reflected in developmental trajectories for inequity aversion when access to these norms is limited.
Antibody response following scrub typhus infection: clinical cohort study
Authors: Schmidt Wolf‐Peter , Devamani Carol S. , Rose Winsley , Alexander Neal , Prakash John A. J.
Published: October 2019

Objective

Scrub typhus is a common cause of fever in Asia. The antibody response to infection and its effect on subsequent infection are unclear. We studied the IgM and IgG antibody response after infection, accounting for clinical severity.

Method

We studied 197 scrub typhus patients for up to 2 years post‐infection. Overall, 501 blood samples were analysed for scrub typhus antibodies using ELISA. IgM and IgG ELISA optical densities (OD) were analysed using quantile regression. OD values of 1.0 (IgM) and 1.5 (IgG) were used to define seropositivity.

Results

IgM OD values fell rapidly from an initial peak after infection. 50% of cases were IgM seronegative after 82 days. About 2 years after fever onset, 50% of cases had fitted IgG OD values of <1.5. Patients with high initial IgG OD values (≥2.5, used as a proxy for probable previous scrub typhus infection) had a more sustained IgG response than those with a low initial IgG OD, and more often presented with complications (18/36 = 50% vs. 28/91 = 30.8%, risk ratio = 1.63, 95% CI 1.04, 2.55, P = 0.035). This association was robust to adjusting for age (risk ratio 1.50, 95% CI 0.96, 2.33, P = 0.072).

Conclusion

Cross‐sectional IgG seroprevalence data substantially underestimate the proportion in a population ever infected with scrub typhus. A high initial IgG as a potential marker for previous scrub typhus infection may be associated with long‐term IgG persistence and a higher risk of complicated scrub typhus.
Mesophyll conductance in land surface models: effects on photosynthesis and transpiration
Authors: Knauer Jürgen , Zaehle Sönke , De Kauwe Martin G. , Haverd Vanessa , Reichstein Markus , Sun Ying
Published: October 2019

The CO2transfer conductance within plant leaves (mesophyll conductance,gm) is currently not considered explicitly in most land surface models (LSMs), but instead treated implicitly as an intrinsic property of the photosynthetic machinery. Here, we review approaches to overcome this model deficiency by explicitly accounting forgm, which comprises the re‐adjustment of photosynthetic parameters and a model describing the variation ofgmin dependence of environmental conditions. An explicit representation ofgmcauses changes in the response of photosynthesis to environmental factors, foremost leaf temperature, and ambient CO2concentration, which are most pronounced whengmis small. These changes in leaf‐level photosynthesis translate into a stronger climate and CO2response of gross primary productivity (GPP) and transpiration at the global scale. The results from two independent studies show consistent latitudinal patterns of these effects with biggest differences in GPP in the boreal zone (up to ~15%). Transpiration and evapotranspiration show spatially similar, but attenuated, changes compared with GPP. These changes are indirect effects ofgmcaused by the assumed strong coupling between stomatal conductance and photosynthesis in current LSMs. Key uncertainties in these simulations are the variation ofgmwith light and the robustness of its temperature response across plant types and growth conditions. Future research activities focusing on the response ofgmto environmental factors and its relation to other plant traits have the potential to improve the representation of photosynthesis in LSMs and to better understand its present and future role in the Earth system.
CONSTANS–FKBP12 interaction contributes to modulation of photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis
Authors: Serrano‐Bueno Gloria , Said Fatima E. , de los Reyes Pedro , Lucas‐Reina Eva I. , Ortiz‐Marchena M. Isabel , Romero José M. , Valverde Federico
Published: October 2019

Flowering time is a key process in plant development. Photoperiodic signals play a crucial role in the floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana, and the protein CONSTANS (CO) has a central regulatory function that is tightly regulated at the transcriptional and post‐translational levels. The stability of CO protein depends on a light‐driven proteasome process that optimizes its accumulation in the evening to promote the production of the florigen FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and induce seasonal flowering. To further investigate the post‐translational regulation of CO protein we have dissected its interactome network employing in vivo and in vitro assays and molecular genetics approaches. The immunophilin FKBP12 has been identified in Arabidopsis as a CO interactor that regulates its accumulation and activity. FKBP12 and CO interact through the CCT domain, affecting the stability and function of CO. fkbp12 insertion mutants show a delay in flowering time, while FKBP12 overexpression accelerates flowering, and these phenotypes can be directly related to a change in accumulation of FT protein. The interaction is conserved between the Chlamydomonas algal orthologs CrCO–CrFKBP12, revealing an ancient regulatory step in photoperiod regulation of plant development.
Inhibition of Arabidopsis thaliana CIN‐like TCP transcription factors by Agrobacterium T‐DNA‐encoded 6B proteins
Authors: Potuschak Thomas , Palatnik Javier , Schommer Carla , Sierro Nicolas , Ivanov Nikolai V. , Kwon Yerim , Genschik Pascal , Davière Jean‐Michel , Otten Léon
Published: October 2019

Agrobacterium T‐DNA‐encoded 6B proteins cause remarkable growth effects in plants. Nicotiana otophora carries two cellular T‐DNAs with three slightly divergent 6b genes (TE‐1‐6b‐L, TE‐1‐6b‐R and TE‐2‐6b) originating from a natural transformation event. In Arabidopsis thaliana, expression of 2×35S:TE‐2‐6b, but not 2×35S:TE‐1‐6b‐L or 2×35S:TE‐1‐6b‐R, led to plants with crinkly leaves, which strongly resembled mutants of the miR319a/TCP module. This module is composed of MIR319A and five CIN‐like TCP (TEOSINTHE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA and PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN BINDING FACTOR) genes (TCP2, TCP3, TCP4, TCP10 and TCP24) targeted by miR319a. The CIN‐like TCP genes encode transcription factors and are required for cell division arrest at leaf margins during development. MIR319A overexpression causes excessive growth and crinkly leaves. TE‐2‐6b plants did not show increased miR319a levels, but the mRNA levels of the TCP4 target gene LOX2 were decreased, as in jaw‐D plants. Co‐expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐tagged TCPs with native or red fluorescent protein (RFP)‐tagged TE‐6B proteins led to an increase in TCP protein levels and formation of numerous cytoplasmic dots containing 6B and TCP proteins. Yeast double‐hybrid experiments confirmed 6B/TCP binding and showed that TE‐1‐6B‐L and TE‐1‐6B‐R bind a smaller set of TCP proteins than TE‐2‐6B. A single nucleotide mutation in TE‐1‐6B‐R enlarged its TCP‐binding repertoire to that of TE‐2‐6B and caused a crinkly phenotype in Arabidopsis. Deletion analysis showed that TE‐2‐6B targets the TCP4 DNA‐binding domain and directly interferes with transcriptional activation. Taken together, these results provide detailed insights into the mechanism of action of the N. otophora TE‐encoded 6b genes.
A novel MCT1 and MCT4 dual inhibitor reduces mitochondrial metabolism and inhibits tumour growth of feline oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Khammanivong Ali , Saha Jhuma , Spartz Angela K. , Sorenson Brent S. , Bush Alexander G. , Korpela Derek M. , Gopalakrishnan Raj , Jonnalagadda Shirisha , Mereddy Venkatram R. , O'Brien Timothy D. , Drewes Lester R. , Dickerson Erin B.
Published: October 2019

Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) support tumour growth by regulating the transport of metabolites in the tumour microenvironment. High MCT1 or MCT4 expression is correlated with poor outcomes in human patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Recently, drugs targeting these transporters have been developed and may prove to be an effective treatment strategy for HNSCC. Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive and treatment‐resistant malignancy resembling advanced or recurrent HNSCC. The goals of this study were to investigate the effects of a previously characterized dual MCT1 and MCT4 inhibitor, MD‐1, in OSCC as a novel treatment approach for feline oral cancer. We also sought to determine the potential of feline OSCC as a large animal model for the further development of MCT inhibitors to treat human HNSCC. In vitro, MD‐1 reduced the viability of feline OSCC and human HNSCC cell lines, altered glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism and synergized with platinum‐based chemotherapies. While MD‐1 treatment increased lactate concentrations in an HNSCC cell line, the inhibitor failed to alter lactate levels in feline OSCC cells, suggesting an MCT‐independent activity. In vivo, MD‐1 significantly inhibited tumour growth in a subcutaneous xenograft model and prolonged overall survival in an orthotopic model of feline OSCC. Our results show that MD‐1 may be an effective therapy for the treatment of feline oral cancer. Our findings also support the further investigation of feline OSCC as a large animal model to inform the development of MCT inhibitors and future clinical studies in human HNSCC.
An Investigation on Special Talent Exams in the Division of Art Teaching
Authors: Taşkesen Selma
Published: October 2019

In this research, it is aimed to investigate the application, implementation and evaluation processes of the exam held by the Institutions of Higher Education in selecting students to the art teaching departments, which educate students with special talents in Turkey. This research is appropriate for the descriptive survey model. The document survey technique was applied in the research. The universe of the research consists of the Art Teaching Divisions, which take students with special talent exams in the 2018-2019 academic year. In the research, the sample was not determined to reach the whole universe. According to the findings of the research, the application conditions, implementation and evaluation of the special talent exams applied by the Institutions of Higher Education were found to have different and similar sides. As a result, although the application conditions, implementation and evaluation of the exams are similar, it has been concluded that the centralization of special talent exams will provide coherence.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert
Published: October 2019

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 11Cagla Atmaca, Pamukkale University, TurkeyFatma Ozudogru, Usak University, TurkeyFroilan D. Mobo, Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, PhilippineGuilherme Tucher, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), BrazilIoannis Syrmpas, University of Thessaly, GreeceJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKJon S. Turner, Missouri State University, USALucy Lugo Mawang, Kenyatta University, KenyaMatt Varacallo, University of Kentucky, USAMaurizio Sajeva, Pellervo Economic Research PTT, FinlandMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyMichael Wall, Independent Researcher in Music and Music Education, USASamah El-Sakka, Suez University, EgyptSandro Sehic, Oneida BOCES, USASayim Aktay, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, TurkeySelloane Pitikoe, University of Eswatini, EswatiniThada Jantakoon, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, ThailandVeronica Rosa, University Rome, ItalyVjacheslav Ivanovich Babich, Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, UkraineYuxi Qiu, University of Florida, USA Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Turbulent Reactive Flow Modeling in Engines: Simulating Engine Dynamics Using fearce
Authors: Waters Jiajia , Carrington David B.
Published: October 2019

The Los Alamos turbulent reactive flow researchers, our modelers, and simulation code developers have succeeded in providing the engine research and development community an encompassing, robust, accurate, and easy-to-use software for engine modeling or simulations. This software is now known as the fearce Toolkit. In this paper, we discuss the physics present in the engine by discussing the methods we have employed to solve the model equations within the toolkit. Provided is background on what has been developed recently at LANL for internal combustion engine modeling.
Impact of Wall Temperature in Large Eddy Simulation of Light-Round in an Annular Liquid Fueled Combustor and Assessment of Wall Models
Authors: Puggelli S. , Lancien T. , Prieur K. , Durox D. , Candel S. , Vicquelin R.
Published: October 2019

The process of ignition in aero-engines raises many practical issues that need to be faced during the design process. Recent experiments and simulations have provided detailed insights into ignition in single-injector configurations and on the light-round sequence in annular combustors. It was shown that large eddy simulation (LES) was able to reliably reproduce the physical phenomena involved in the ignition of both perfectly premixed and liquid spray flames. This study aims at further extending the knowledge on flame propagation during the ignition of annular multiple injector combustors by focusing the attention on the effects of heat losses, which have not been accounted for in numerical calculations before. This problem is examined by developing LESs of the light-round process with a fixed temperature at the solid boundaries. Calculations are carried out for a laboratory-scale annular system. Results are compared in terms of flame shape and light-round duration with available experiments and with an adiabatic LES serving as a reference. Wall heat losses lead to a significant reduction in the flame propagation velocity as observed experimentally. However, the LES underestimates this effect and leads to a globally shorter light-round. To better understand this discrepancy, the study focuses then on the analysis of the near wall region. An a priori analysis underlines the shortcomings associated with the chosen wall law by considering a more advanced wall model that fully accounts for variable thermophysical properties and for the unsteadiness of the boundary layer.
An Approximate Method of Analysis for Laminar Heat Transfer in Liquid-Liquid Taylor Flows in Mini Scale Tubing
Authors: Alrbee K. , Muzychka Y. S. , Duan X.
Published: October 2019

Heat transfer analysis of liquid-liquid Taylor flow in previous studies almost never shows the effect of slug length on heat transfer. The homogenous or single-phase analysis is often the only method available to deal with flow of multi components. In the present study a new approach is developed to model the segmented liquid-liquid Taylor flow as two separated systems and presenting heat transfer enhancement for each component. The effect of internal circulation and boundary layer renewal within the two fluid components is clearly observed. An experimental setup was assembled using open loop system at mini scale size in which liquid-liquid Taylor flow is heated under a constant wall temperature. Three silicone oils of 1, 3, and 5 cSt were segmented using distilled water at three volume fractions 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75. Finally, heat transfer data of the dimensionless mean wall heat flux shows good agreement with a predictive model proposed in an earlier work by the second author. The results show an impact of the fluid cell dimensions on the rate of heat transfer.
Heat Transfer Investigation of an Additively Manufactured Minichannel Heat Exchanger
Authors: Rastan Hamidreza , Abdi Amir , Ignatowicz Monika , Hamawandi Bejan , Lee Poh Seng , Palm Björn
Published: October 2019

This study investigates the thermal performance of laminar single-phase flow in an additively manufactured minichannel heat exchanger both experimentally and numerically. Distilled water was employed as the working fluid, and the minichannel heat exchanger was made from aluminum alloy (AlSi10Mg) through direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). The minichannel was designed with a hydraulic diameter of 2.86 mm. The Reynolds number ranged from 175 to 1360, and the heat exchanger was tested under two different heat fluxes of 1.5 kWm−2 and 3 kWm−2. A detailed experiment was conducted to obtain the thermal properties of AlSi10Mg. Furthermore, the heat transfer characteristics of the minichannel heat exchanger was analyzed numerically by solving a three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer using the COMSOL Multiphysics® to verify the experimental results. The experimental results were also compared to widely accepted correlations in literature. It is found that 95% and 79% of the experimental data are within ±10% range of both the simulation results and the values from the existing correlations, respectively. Hence, the good agreement found between the experimental and simulation results highlights the possibility of the DMLS technique as a promising method for manufacturing future multiport minichannel heat exchangers.
Thermoreflectance Wall Temperature Measurement in Annular Two-Phase Flow
Authors: Chan Jason , Fehring Brian E. , Morse Roman W. , Dressler Kristofer M. , Nellis Gregory F. , Hurlburt Evan T. , Berson Arganthaël
Published: October 2019

A thermoreflectance method to measure wall temperature in two-phase annular flow is described. In high heat flux conditions, momentary dry-out occurs as the liquid film vaporizes, resulting in dramatic decreases in heat transfer coefficient. Simultaneous liquid and vapor thermoreflectance measurements allow calculations of instantaneous and time-averaged heat transfer coefficients. Validation, calibration and uncertainty of the technique are discussed.
A Compact Condenser for Thermal Desalination: Experimental Characterization and System Level Impact
Authors: Safarkoolan Ramuel , Mu Xingsen , Narayanan Vinod
Published: October 2019

Condensation heat transfer occurs in a variety of applications such as power generation, desalination, and thermal management. In this paper, the system level impact of using a microchannel condenser in multi-stage flash desalination is presented using a simple thermal model of the condenser. The condenser is comprised of several plates with internal microscale pin fin arrays through which cooling fluid (brine) flows. Externally, water vapor condenses in between the plates and is drained by gravity. The fabrication and thermal performance of a small-scale microchannel condenser is experimentally characterized. Condensation experiments are performed under sub-atmospheric conditions relevant to multi-stage flash desalination stage temperatures with varying flow rates of the cooling fluid, cooling fluid inlet temperature and condensation pressure.
Flow Maldistribution Effects on the Temperature Uniformity in Double-Layered Microchannel Heat Sinks
Authors: Nonino Carlo , Savino Stefano
Published: October 2019

A numerical investigation is carried out on the effects of flow maldistribution on the temperature uniformity and overall thermal resistance in double-layered microchannel heat sinks. Different flow maldistribution models accounting for the effects of some typical header designs are considered together with different combinations of the average inlet velocity in the two layers of microchannels for a given total mass flow rate. The numerical simulations are carried out using an in-house FEM procedure previously developed by the authors for the analysis of cross-flow microchannel heat exchangers.
High Heat Flux Dissipation Using Symmetric Dual-Taper Manifold in Pool Boiling
Authors: Chauhan Aranya , Kandlikar Satish G.
Published: October 2019

The trend of miniaturization in electronics presents a great challenge in the thermal management of devices. The continuous increase in the number of transistors in the processor leads to high heat flux generation, limiting the performance of the device. Boiling heat transfer offers a great heat removal competency while maintaining the low chip temperatures. The critical heat flux (CHF) dictates the maximum heat removal ability, and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) defines the efficiency of the boiling process. This pool boiling study is focused on using a manifold containing a symmetric dual taper over the heating surface. The heat transfer performance of this configuration is evaluated for different taper angles in the manifold. The macro-convection assisted by vapor columns during boiling enhance the CHF and HTC limit significantly. A CHF of 287 W/cm2 with an HTC of 116 kW/cm2°C was achieved with a plain copper surface, representing greater than a 2-fold increases in each over a plain surface.
Genomic and Metabolomic Polymorphism among Experimentally Selected Paromomycin-Resistant Leishmania donovani Strains
Authors: Shaw C. D. , Imamura H. , Downing T. , Blackburn G. , Westrop G. D. , Cotton J. A. , Berriman M. , Sanders M. , Rijal S. , Coombs G. H. , Dujardin J. C. , Carter K. C.
Published: October 2019

Understanding the mechanism(s) underpinning drug resistance could lead to novel treatments to reverse the increased tolerance of a pathogen. In this study, paromomycin (PMM) resistance (PMM
r
) was induced in three Nepalese clinical strains of
Leishmania donovani
with different inherent susceptibilities to antimony (Sb) drugs by stepwise exposure of promastigotes to PMM.
Reciprocal Modulation of Antiretroviral Drug and Steroid Receptor Function
In Vitro
Authors: Dlamini Sigcinile , Kuipa Michael , Enfield Kim , Skosana Salndave , Woodland John G. , Moliki Johnson Mosoko , Bick Alexis J. , van der Spuy Zephne , Maritz Michelle F. , Avenant Chanel , Hapgood Janet P.
Published: October 2019

Millions of women are exposed simultaneously to antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) and progestin-based hormonal contraceptives. Yet the reciprocal modulation by ARVs and progestins of their intracellular functions is relatively unexplored.
Complex Interactions between Cohesin and CTCF in Regulation of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Transcription
Authors: Li Dajiang , Mosbruger Tim , Verma Dinesh , Swaminathan Sankar
Published: October 2019

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is causally linked to Kaposi’s sarcoma and several lymphoproliferative diseases. KSHV, like other herpesviruses, intermittently reactivates from latency and enters a lytic cycle in which numerous lytic mRNAs and proteins are produced, culminating in infectious virion production. These lytic proteins may also contribute to tumorigenesis. Reactivation from latency is controlled by processes that restrict or activate the transcription of KSHV lytic genes. KSHV gene expression is modulated by binding of the host cell proteins CTCF and cohesin complex to the KSHV genome. These proteins bind to and modulate the conformation of chromatin, thereby regulating transcription. We have analyzed the interdependence of binding of CTCF and cohesin and demonstrate that while CTCF is required for cohesin binding to KSHV, they have very distinct effects, with cohesin primarily restricting KSHV lytic transcription. Furthermore, we show that cohesin and CTCF also exert effects on the host cell that promote antiviral defenses.
Identification of Chicken CD74 as a Novel Cellular Attachment Receptor for Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Bursa B Lymphocytes
Authors: Liu Aijing , Pan Qing , Li Yue , Yan Nana , Wang Jing , Yang Bo , Chen Zehua , Qi Xiaole , Gao Yulong , Gao Li , Liu Changjun , Zhang Yanping , Cui Hongyu , Li Kai , Wang Yongqiang , Wang Xiaomei
Published: October 2019

CD74 plays a pivotal role in the correct folding and functional stability of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules and in the presentation of antigenic peptides, acting as a regulatory factor in the antigen presentation process. In our study, we demonstrate a novel role of CD74 during IBDV infection, showing that chicken CD74 plays a significant role in IBDV binding to target B cells by interacting with the viral VP2 protein. This is the first report demonstrating that CD74 is involved as a novel attachment receptor in the IBDV life cycle in target B cells, thus contributing new insight into host-pathogen interactions.
Transient Silencing of Antibiotic Resistance by Mutation Represents a Significant Potential Source of Unanticipated Therapeutic Failure
Authors: Kime Louise , Randall Christopher P. , Banda Frank I. , Coll Francesc , Wright John , Richardson Joseph , Empel Joanna , Parkhill Julian , O’Neill Alex J.
Published: October 2019

Antibiotic resistance hinders the treatment of bacterial infection. To guide effective therapy, clinical microbiology laboratories routinely perform susceptibility testing to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of an infecting pathogen. This approach relies on the assumption that it can reliably distinguish bacteria capable of expressing antibiotic resistance in patients, an idea challenged by the present study. We report that the important human pathogen
Staphylococcus aureus
frequently carries antibiotic resistance genes that have become inactivated (“silenced”) by mutation, leading strains to appear antibiotic sensitive. However, resistance can rapidly reemerge in most such cases, at frequencies readily achievable in infected patients. Silent antibiotic resistance is therefore prevalent, transient, and evades routine detection, rendering it a significant potential threat to antibacterial chemotherapy.
Interrogation of Internal Workings in Microbial Community Assembly: Play a Game through a Behavioral Network?
Authors: Wang Qian , Liu Xinjuan , Jiang Libo , Cao Yige , Zhan Xiang , Griffin Christopher H. , Wu Rongling
Published: October 2019

Identifying general biological rules that underlie the complexity and heterogeneity of microbial communities has proven to be highly challenging. We present a rule-of-thumb framework for studying and characterizing how microbes interact with each other across different taxa to determine community behavior and dynamics. This framework is computationally simple but conceptually meaningful, and it can provide a starting point to generate novel biological hypotheses about microbial interactions and explore internal workings of microbial community assembly in depth.
Paediatric exhaled CO2detector causes leaks
Authors: Martherus Tessa , den Hoed Annika , Cramer Sophie J E , Tan Ratna N G B , Hooper Stuart B , te Pas Arjan B
Published: October 2019

Objective

To assess leakage caused by the Pedi-Cap.

Methods

Bench test I: Pedi-Caps were connected between the Neopuff and a test lung and placed underwater to detect the leak. Bench test II: the disposable Avea VarFlex Flow Transducer measured the leak. Retrospective analysis: recordings of intubations in the delivery room were analysed.

Results

The (rippled) male end of the Pedi-Cap is the origin of the leak. In bench test I, 32% of the Pedi-Caps caused inevitable extensive leaks and 34% caused leaks that diminished after sealing the end. In bench test II (n=44) and the retrospective analysis (n=17), the flow transducer measured 22% (18–60) and 39% (8–82) leakage, respectively. Leakage decreased after removal of the Pedi-Cap (before vs after; 17% (7–75) vs 4% (2–10), p=0.004).

Conclusion

The Pedi-Cap causes the leak which can compromise respiratory support. We recommend to remove the Pedi-Cap directly after change of colour and to be cautious when using the device as evaluation tool.