bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Структура та розвиток судин брижі кишечнику
Authors: Tybinka A.M.
Published: November 2017

The review of the results of various scientific studies, reflecting the processes of age formation of morphological and functional features of the mesenteric intestinal vessels, is presented. In this case, it has been shown that the formation of the microcirculatory channel of mesentery begins in its separate segments. Firstly, there are separate arterial and venous loops, in the middle of which one can see the capillaries. The branched net of capillaries is gradually formed and the number of arterioles and venules increases, and their diameter also increases. This process is closely related to the age-related growth of the area of the mesentery segments themselves.The process of changing the conditions of the external and internal environment of the organism (starvation, gravitational influences, hypodynamia) causes the formation of morphological reactions from the side of the vessels of the microcirculatory channel of the intestinal wall and ripples that have a phase character.Nerve trunks can be often satellites of vessels. Since they approach the intestinal wall, their number and thickness significantly decreases. Sympathetic nerve trunks around the vessels form a highly developed plexus, in which both non-myelin and myelin fibers are detected. A great number of these fibers further includes the nerve mesh on the border between the outer and middle (muscle) vessels of the vessels. The density and structure of these nerve plexuses is significantly different in the arterial and venous vessels of mesentery.In addition to nerve fibers in the outer envelope of the vessels, the complex receptor structures of different sizes can also occur. In the surface layers of the outer vascular, or in the connective tissue around it, nerve cells are found, which are either single or micro-nodes. The neurons found can be divided by structure into: multipole or pseudo-unipolar. The arteries, which supply blood to the anterior sections of the intestine, are characterized by a greater saturation of the nerve cells compared with the vessels carrying the blood to its caudal regions. Embryonic development of the nervous structures of the vascular wall is closely related to the development of the vessels themselves, and especially the formation of their muscular membrane. The main trend of this process is directed to the gradual complication of the nervous components, which is reflected in the functional capabilities of the vessels.
Бактерицидні та дезінфікуючі властивості деззасобу «Арквадез-плюс»
Authors: Tishyn O.L. , Kopijchuk G.T. , Khomiak R.V. , Khyrivskyy O.V. , Orynchak Т.V.
Published: November 2017

The results of research bactericidal properties of new domestic disinfectant «Arquadez–plus» which is a transparent light color, without mechanical inclusions, solution with a specific odor, and created on the basis of quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), in particular, the composition of the disinfectant include: alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and dimethyldipetylammonium chloride. Was found bactericidal dilution (BD), bactericidal concentration (BC), phenol coefficient (PC) and protein index (PI). Most susceptible to the effect of disinfectant was gram-negativ bacteria of E. coli, where cell death came on the 10 and 30 minutes exposures at concentrations of 0.0129 and 0.0092%, respectively. The action of disinfection preparation for gram-positive bacteria S. aureus, cell death came at these exposures at concentrations of 0.0252 and 0.018%, respectively. Microorganisms P. vulgaris were the least susceptible to the action of the disinfectant; the death of the microorganisms came at concentrations of 1,0204 and 0.5206%, for 10 and 30 minute exposures, respectively, and, due to the action of the disinfectant on the test culture of S. typhimurium, the death of cells came under given conditions, at concentrations of 0.5206 and 0.2656%, respectively. The action of disinfection preparation for vegetative cells of B. subtilis cell death came on the 10 and 30 minutes exposures at concentrations of 0.0494 and 0.018% but in the spore form, at concentrations of 0.5206 and 0.3719%, respectively. The disinfectant effect of this disinfectant is 79.4 and 28.9 times higher on microorganisms E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, of the decontaminant effect of phenol, and in the presence of a protein, the activity of the disinfectant is reduced by 1.4 times. The efficacy of disinfection preparation of microorganisms on surfaces in the decontamination of test-objects.It is established that test-cultures of E. coli, S. aureus and P. vulgaris at 0.05% concentration of disinfectant is ineffective and for the test culture of S. typhimurium, its 0.1% concentration is ineffective.For vegetative and spore form of B. subtilis disinfection preparation concentration at 1.0%. Is ineffective at the 0.5–1.0% concentrations is effective for processing rigid surfaces, at preventive disinfection of premises for animals and birds at exposure for 60 minutes, and at spore forms of microorganisms its working concentration should be 2.0%, at exposure in 120 minutes and 3.0% at exposures in 30 minutes or more. Proved that the disinfectant «Arquadez-plus» in a production environment at a concentration of 1.0% by wet surface irrigation facilities for animals and working solution 0.25–0.3 liters per 1 square meter with an exposure of 2 hours, showing high disinfectant properties.
Аналіз результтів лабораторних досліджень щодо бактеріозів у Харківській області
Authors: Ushkalov A.V.
Published: November 2017

In the structure of gross agricultural output, livestock production is more than 38%. One of the main tasks of Veterinary Medicine is the implementation of the state veterinary and sanitary control and supervision over the observance of sanitary legislation, animal health and welfare, security and individual indicators of quality of food, non-food products of animal origin, reproductive material, etc. One of the most important links in the maintenance of epizootic well-being, animal health and indirectly people is the timely diagnosis of infectious animal diseases in order to prevent economic losses and disease outbreaks among consumers of livestock products. The article presents data on the results of laboratory studies of biological material from different species, and data on the pathogens of bacterial diseases in the territory of the Kharkiv region. The attention is focused on substantially reducing the amount of biological material coming for diagnostic studies, which correlates with the negative dynamics of the number of productive animals. Most of the isolated biological material Escherichia coli (colibacillosis exciter and swine edema disease) – 61.7% of cases, Salmonella spp. (The causative agent of salmonellosis and pulloroza birds) – 23.3% of cases, Streptococcus pneumoniae (pathogen diplokokoza / streptococcosis) – 5.1% of the cases, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (the causative agent psedomonoza) – 3.4% of cases. Furthermore, by bacteriological method was diagnosed: swine erysipelas, infectious epididymitis sheep, pasteurellosis, leptospirosis, campylobacteriosis manufacturers bulls stafilokokkoz, аmerican foulbrood bees, bees еuropean foulbrood listeriosis, braxy, malignant edema, tuberculosis poultry, fish and аeromonas, anthrax.
Вплив хелатних сполук (метіонатів) на м’ясні якості та ветеринарно-санітарні показники яловичини
Authors: Farionik T.V. , Gnatyuk V.V.
Published: November 2017

Providing the population with food and, first of all, meat is one of the main prerequisites for the development of Ukraine. Biologically complete and relatively inexpensive beef can only be obtained from animals of the meat production direction. One of the conditions for obtaining high-quality products is the full feeding of animals, which allows them to realize the genetic potential laid in the breed. At the same time, the problem of balancing rations for a microelement nutrition, which is characterized by a shortage in soil and feeds of macro- and microelements, becomes important. Some of these elements are components of biologically active compounds and regulators of various metabolic processes, and their lack or excess can lead to significant metabolic disorders in the animal's body and loss of productivity.Despite numerous studies devoted to the study of metabolism and individual parts of antioxidant protection of animals, work revealing the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of these processes in cattle for the influence of scarce microelements is quite limited. The issues not only of protein metabolism and the antioxidant defense system in the age aspect remain, but also the course of these processes for the correction of mineral nutrition, which predetermined the choice of the direction of research, the purpose and objectives of this work.The imbalance in the diet of cattle fattening on mineral substances is accompanied by a violation of metabolism, reduced productivity and resistance of animals, deterioration of the indicators of veterinary and sanitary examination and meat quality. Ratios of cattle, which include feeds require the mandatory enrichment of their iron. Feeding iron metionates positively affects the physiological state of the organism, increases the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin.When using iron in the form of chelates, a high coefficient of its assimilation is established. In blood, the serum iron content of iron increased and this contributed to a decrease in total and latent iron binding capacity of serum. Iron chelates (metionates) more intensively stimulate protein synthesizing function, which manifests itself by increasing the content of total protein, albumin and reducing the amount of globulins.Application of micronutrients and their chelate compounds (metionates) and other biologically active substances has its advantages, the level of assimilation of heavy metals, radionuclides from contaminated feeds and water is reduced, chelate complexes of trace elements (МЕ) easily penetrate through cell membranes, allowing to carry out purposeful influence on exchange substances and energy and to correct the deficit of ME in the relevant biogeochemical zones.
Вплив препарату Максідін на загальну резистентність організму собак розплідникового утримування
Authors: Sanin A.V. , Annikov V.V. , Narovlyansky A.N. , Pronin A.V. , Mezentseva M.V.
Published: November 2017

In the conditions of dense keeping dogs are constantly faced with the attack of the representatives of conventional and conventionally pathogenic microflora, which ultimately leads to a decrease in resistance of animals. Thus, in the case of appearance of new animals in a kennel, or after visiting exhibitions and competitions it’s appropriate to use harmless and effective drugs to increase natural resistance of the organism. The aim of this work was to assess the effectiveness of Maxidin 0.4 in improving the natural resistance of dogs kept in the kennel. The work was carried out on 20 dogs which were divided into 2 equal groups. Dogs in the control group received saline at a dose of 1 ml. Dogs of the experimental group were inoculated with Maxidin 0.4 at a dose of 1 ml, subcutaneously. Clinically at the start of the study we noted the reduction of appetite, slight serous-catarrhal discharge from conjunctiva of eye and nasal cavity, ruffled hair. 5 days after application of Maxidin 0.4 dogs of the experimental group showed improvement of appetite, weakening or absence of the serous and serous-catarrhal discharge from the conjunctiva and nasal cavity, skin turgor increased, the animals become more active. At the start of the study blood analysis showed signs of anemia, erythropenia, slight leukopenia and increase in hematocrit. 5 days after administration of Maxidin 0.4 we observed disappearance of anemia, erythropenia and leukopenia, normalization of hematocrit. Serum levels of IFN-α and IFN-γ increased 3–6 times.Thus, Maxidin 0.4, which contains germanium in an easily digestible form improves the clinical state and normalizes blood counts in dogs kept in the kennel. Also Maxidin 0.4 was shown to increase the levels of IFN-α and IFN-γ in the blood serum of dogs, which is very important as in previous studies this effect was found only in experiments with laboratory animals.
Особливості морфометричної будови імаго Oesophagostomum venulosum (Rudolphi, 1809)
Authors: Melnychuk V.V.
Published: November 2017

The study of biodiversity, morphological and biological peculiarities of pathogens of invasive animal diseases in natural and anthropogenically transformed ecosystems is an important task of modern population and applied ecological parasitology. The dominant position among helminthiasis of the digestive organs in ruminants occupy strongylatoses of the gastrointestinal tract. One of the components of the strongylates fauna, which parasitizes on sheep, is Oesophagostomum venulosum Rudolphi, 1809.In order to study the morphological features of the structure of imaginal forms of nematodes of the species Oe. venulosum and determination of their differential metric characteristics, the study of sexually mature oesophagostomes isolated from the intestines of sheep was conducted. Collection of helminths was carried out by the method of complete helminthology of the thick intestine of animals. The congenital morphological features of oesophagostomes are the presence of a clearly separated main vesicle, well-developed major papillae, the outer and inner radial corona around the mouth. Species Oe. venulosum in females is characterized by peculiarities in the structure of the caudal end, vulva, oviduct, vagina. It was found that the length of the body and main vesicle in females was 27.73 and 9.3% higher than that of males and averaged 18.75 ± 0.58 mm and 0.43 ± 0.01 mm, respectively. Indices of body width and major vesicles of mature males and females ranged 0,30–0,64 mm, 0,34–0,43 mm and did not differ significantly. New data on morphological and metric parameters of females Oe. venulosum, which increase the effectiveness of differentiation of helminths to the species. The parameters of the esophagus width in different sites, the width of the body in the vulva and the anus, the width and length of the spherical protrusion in the vulva area are determined. It was found that the length of the eggs in the femoral cavity and in the secretion it secretes significantly changes, the eggs are thickened, decreasing by 13.97%. The length and width of the eggs allocated by the female Oe. venulosum, on average, is 82.51 ± 2.37 and 53.51 ± 1.17 μm, respectively, and have a structure characteristic of the strongylidsc type eggs.
Індикація та видова диференціація найпростіших роду Babesia за методом ПЛР у кліщах, знятих з тварин
Authors: Mokryi Yu.O. , Ksyonz I.M. , Grubich P.Yu. , Kasala P.O. , Lysak O.M.
Published: November 2017

The article presents the study results on the indication and species differentiation of the Babesia genus protozoa in the organism of ticks taken off dogs and cattle. Diagnostic tests were performed using a multiplex PCR test system, being a self-engineering product, which allows to determine the DNA presence of 6 Babesia genus species in any biological samples, namely: B. canis, B. divergens, B. caballi, B. major, B Bigemina, B. bovis, three of them being species-specific, by the bands’ size at the amplification products’ electrophoregrams. The above test system contains 2 direct and 3 reverse primers flanking the DNA fragments of the gene encoding the 18S rRNA of the Babesia genus protozoa.The subject of the study were ticks obtained from 17 dogs of different breeds and sex-age status and 12 units of livestock (cattle). As a result, the babesial DNA was detected in 11 samples, eight of which were differentiated as Babesia canis, two as Babesia bovis and one as Babesia divergens. Based on the results obtained, the animals, whose ticks, taken off them, had babesia detected, one or another strategy was developed for treatment and prophylaxis measures.The approach suggested in the present article permits identifying the possible risks of babesia invasion at the earliest stages of the disease. Presence or absence of the Babesia genus protozoa in the body of sanguivorous ticks permits avoiding treatments rather toxic for the organism, or to carry out preventive therapy long before the babesiosis clinical symptoms’ manifestation. It is vitally important for pregnant females and especially sensitive to babesiosis dog breeds.The prospect of further research is development of the PCR test systems for indicating and differentiating other tick-borne infections and invasions.
Деякі макроскопічні зміни у внутрішніх органах поросят-сисунів за колібактеріозу
Authors: Garkusha S.E. , Popovych Yu.D.
Published: November 2017

In recent years the country has significantly decreased not only the number of pigs, but also the production of the pork. In many households, it has become unprofitable. It is established that one of the reasons of decrease in manufacture of pork is too high the waste of young (35–40% of born piglets). In this critical situation there are many factors, but one of these are communicable diseases, particularly Colibacteriosis. Colibacteriosis is an acute infectious disease of young animals, from the literature it is known that sick piglets in the first days (5–7 days after birth, and less commonly 7–14 days). The percentage loss of piglets infected with Colibacteriosis in the age of 1–14 days is 35–40% and more. The main causes of their illness consider infected the surrounding objects, colostrum, dairy utensils, air, hands and clothing of attendants, as well as contact with rats and home mice. Also, one of the main causes of morbidity piglets is a violation of the zoo technical and veterinary-sanitary rules of the maintenance, feeding and care of ewes, newborn animals and young animals during the period of weaning from the ewes. This disease is prevalent in many countries, including it is widespread in pig farms of Ukraine. In the available domestic and foreign literature adequately describes the diagnosis and treatment of Colibacteriosis in piglets, but macroscopic changes are described incompletely.The aim of this work was to examine in more detail the macroscopic changes in internal organs of piglets that died from Colibacteriosis. To achieve this goal were the following objectives: to conduct a postmortem autopsy of piglets infected with Colibacteriosis, and to study macroscopic changes in internal organs of animals with this disease and describe macroscopic changes in internal organs that were not previously described. The research was carried out during 2016–2017 years on the basis of one of the pig farms of industrial type and of the Department of pathological anatomy, National University of life and environmental Sciences of Ukraine. The material for the study served as the corpses of 10 piglets that died from Colibacteriosis. Postmortem autopsy of piglets, carried out in the dorsal position by the method of partial evisceration at the Department of pathological anatomy of the University. When conducting autopsy piglets that died from Colibacteriosis were established following changes in the internal organs of animals: serous inflammation of the small intestine, serous-hemorrhagic lymphadenitis, in the spleen were recorded hyperplasia of lymphoid nodules and hypertrophy, granular dystrophy of liver and heart, and venous congestion and pulmonary edema.
Екологічні особливості епізоотичних процесів
Authors: Kurtyak B.M. , Romanovych M.S. , Pundyak T.O. , Romanovych М.М. , Romanovych L.V. , Sobko G.V.
Published: November 2017

In the emergence, development and flow of epizootics, environmental features are often not taken into account as causative agents of infectious diseases – stability in the external environment, range, adaptation to different types of animals, and vectors and reservoir of pathogens. Epizootology, studying the ecological interrelations of animals, reveals the patterns of prediction of epizootics, the elucidation of which is essential for the development of a plan for antiepizootic measures. A rational plan of measures, developed on the basis of an informed forecast, ensures its effectiveness.Epizootological geography, which studies the spread of infectious animal diseases in various natural and geographical conditions, allows us to disclose the significance of various external factors. In addition, with its help you can not only describe the territory of the spread of various infectious diseases, but also explain the geography of diseases, the history of their origin and development. As a result, it is possible to draw up prognostic maps that identify areas with favorable and unfavorable conditions for the spread of diseases and give predictions of some epizootics that occur seasonally or after a certain number of years. A significant number of infectious diseases are anthropozoonoses, and the areas of their spread are associated with physical and geographical zones in which natural foci are historically formed.The study of epizootology, from the point of view of ecology, enriches the knowledge of epizootological regularities. The ecology of animals studies the interrelationships of living organisms, the way of their life in connection with the conditions of existence in the environment, the dynamics of the number of species and the peculiarity of biocenoses.
Експериментальне зараження каченят метацеркаріями трематод Cryptocotyle Lühe, 1899 (Trematoda: Heterophyidae)
Authors: Goncharov S.L.
Published: November 2017

The results of experimental infection of ducklings with metacerciae of the trematodes of the Heterophyidae family, obtained from the fish, are given in the article. Following species were studied: Mesogobius batrachocephalus Pallas, 1814, Neogobius melanostomum Pallas, 1814, Neogobius fluviatialis Pallas, 1814. Fish were caught in the waters of the Black Sea and the Dnipro-Bug estuary of Mykolayiv and Odesa regions. The pathological changes occurring in experimental birds as a result of a cryptocotyle infection are described. The pathomorphological features of acute catarrhal enteritis cause by trematodes Heterophyidae family were found. They included lesions of the small intestine mucosa, edema, hyperemia and the formation hemorrhages on the mucosal surface. Liver injury was observed as well. It was found that the percentage of survival of trematodes in the body of ducklings after 25 days of infection is 83%. It was found that in the area of the Mykolaiv and Odesa regions in the natural reservoirs two types of trematodes of the Heterophyidae family are circulating: Cryptocotyle concavum Crepli, 1825 and Cryptocotyle jejuna Nicoll, 1907. The latter species was previously not registered in this part of southern Ukraine.
Порівняльна оцінка препаратів фенбендазолу за інвазії курей-несучок нематодами Heterakis gallinarum
Authors: Danko M.M. , Tishyn O.L. , Khomiak R.V. , Perih Zh.M.
Published: November 2017

The article presents data on the effectiveness of two fenbendazole-based drugs for oral application: «Feboral» (in the form of a solution) and «Brovadazol 20%» (the reference drug in the form of powder). For this purpose, 420-day-old chickens were examined by a flotation coproscopic method in order to detect intestinal invasions. The therapeutic efficacy of the drugs was determined according to the data of the coproscopic examinations carried out using the modified quantitative McMaster counting method. The study of the efficacy of «Febboral» and «Brovadazol 20%» preparations was performed under the conditions of vivarium of the State scientific-research control institute of  veterinary medicinal products and feed additives.During the experiment birds of experimental groups used preparations on the basis of fenbendazole: hens of the first experimental group, the drug «Feboral» was poured out with water (1.0 ml of the preparation for 10 kg of b. w., twice for two days), the second – the drug «Brovadazol 20%» they were given with food (0.5 g of the preparation at 10 kg b. w., for five days). Birds in the control group were given water and food without the contents of drugs.According to the results of research in hens were found invasion by Heterakis galinarum. The average rate of invasion of hens by nematodes during treatment with drugs was 176 eggs per 1 g of litter. In the hens of the first and second experimental groups, the average intensity of the helminth infestation on the seventh day of the experiment was 84.5 eggs per 1 g of litter, while the intensity of the infection of the control group was 211 eggs per 1 g of litter. On the fourteenth day of the experiment, the excretion of eggs from the pathogen in the hens of both experimental groups was not noted, while in the hens of the control group, the intensity of the invasion amounted to 238 eggs heterakis in 1 gram of litter.Consequently, the extenseffectivity of the drug «Febboral» and the reference drug «Brovadazol 20%» for heterakoses of chickens was 100%.
Ритмічність статевих циклів корів та рівень прихованої ранньої ембріопатії
Authors: Sidashova S.O. , Gumenny O.G.
Published: November 2017

Results of a monitoring research of rhythm of sexual cycles of cows between repeated inseminations are presented. It is authentically established that in the conditions of loose housing keeping of cows the unevenness of a sexual cycles   of cows after the inseminations which did not end with stylishness is considerably widespread in the production lactic complex (by results of ultrasonography in 35–45 days). At the same time the significant influence of seasonal and fodder factors is noted: duration of intervals between inseminations averaged 70.41 days in the winter, and in the summer of 38.54 days, respectively, that demonstrated presence of the hidden early embryonic mortality at cows. Only in 7.58 and 22.70% (winter-summer) of observations the interval between repeated inseminations within specific physiological norm was established, the shortened cycles fixed at 3.03–10.75% of cows, extended – at 89.39–65.95%, respectively. The analysis of a complex ethological and the morph functional of indexes of dairy herd authentically revealed a critical interval of the hidden fetal mortality of the period between implantation of a nucleus and formation of fruit envelopes (40–63 days between repeated inseminations). Ultrasonography by scanning at cows it is not established inflammatory processes in a cavity of the uterus, but 73% of cases degenerately – dystrophic damages of ovaries are diagnosed that shows need of use gisto- and cytological methods of researches for studying of possible destructive processes in structure of the cells and fabrics of a reproductive path.
Характеристика морфологічних ознак та фізіологічних властивостей штамів сальмонел, ізольованих від птиці і телят
Authors: Boiko O.P. , Sen O.M. , Boiko P.K. , Kurtiak B.M. , Pundiak T.O. , Sobko G.V.
Published: November 2017

In order to develop effective domestic drugs for the prevention of animal salmonella, in our previous studies, 30 isolates of salmonella were obtained from different collections, including those isolated from epizootic centers of salmonellosis. From this collection, six strains of salmonella were selected as promising production strains for constructing vaccine preparations against salmonellosis and as controls for the study of the immunogenic properties of vaccines.The article presents the results of comparative study of morphological characteristics, tinctorial, culture, biochemical, virulent and antigenic properties of six selected salmonella strains.It was established that the strains studied have morphological characteristics characteristic for salmonella, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties and typical for each type of antigenic structure. The highest antigenic activity was S. typhimurium (1:256 ± 154 – 1:192 ± 82) and S. dublin (1:192 ± 51), and the lowest was S. gallinarum (1:72 ± 43). S. infantis and S. gallinarum were not virulent for white mice, while virulent properties of other strains had significant differences.Some regularities in the manifestation of virulent and antigenic properties of the studied salmonella strains were revealed. In particular, it was found that the higher the virulence of the strain, the higher its antigenic activity, and the more distant the term from the date of isolation of the strain from the epizootic center of salmonellosis, the less its virulence, that is, the prolonged storage of strains of salmonella leads to a decrease or to a complete loss of their virulence.
D-вітамінний статус корів та їхніх телят у ранній постнатальний період у зимово-стійловий період
Authors: Yuskiv L.L.
Published: November 2017

The article presents data about the content of active metabolite of vitamin D3 – 25OHD3, calcium (total, bounded with protein and ultrafiltrated), inorganic  phosphorus, magnesium and alkaline phosphatase activity and its isoenzymes in the blood of cows and their calves in the early postnatal period.Studies were conducted in the cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed and calves obtained from them. The experiment was performed during the winter housing period in pilot farm «Pasichna» of Institute of forage and agricultural Podillya NAAS of Ukraine, located in the natural geographical areas of Podillya. The blood for tests was collected from the jugular vein before morning feeding in the 5th−7th day since calving. The blood from  the calves was collected in the following dates: at 5th−7th days old and at 28–30th days old. Vitamin D provision rate of animal organism was evaluated for the content of 25OH D3 concentration in blood. The level of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol is considered as a total reflection of the endogenous formation of cholecalciferol in the skin and its receipts from feed or vitaminpreparations. The concentration of 25ОНD3 in the blood of the examined animals was detected by means of the enzymelinked immunoassay using the test system developed by the Immunodiagnostik. The method is based on the competitive binding of 25OHD3 serum and 25OH D3-biotin with vitamin D3-binding protein (VDBP), that immobilized on 96-well immunological plates. The content of calcium (total, bounded with protein and ultrafiltrated), inorganic  phosphorus, magnesium and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were detected usingthe biological test kits produced by the Pliva Lachema firm (the Czech Republic). The performed research reported that the content of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in serum of calves at 5–7-days age old was in the range of 29 to 34 nmol/l and slightly increased for the 28–30-days. It was established the dynamics of changes in the content of total calcium and its fractions, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium and activity of alkaline phosphatase and its isoenzymes in calves blood from 5–7- to 28–30-day-olds. The concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the blood of calves in the first days after birth was lower, and the concentration of calcium and inorganic phosphorus – higher compared with their values in the blood of mothers in the postpartum period. It was found that the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the calf serum was higher, compared with its value in the serum of mothers. The increase in activity of alkaline phosphatase in the calf serum is expressed to a greater extent due to its bone enzyme.
Африканська чума свиней в Україні
Authors: Hoetskуу P.B. , Pokhaliuk O.M. , Shelepylo A.V.
Published: November 2017

The spread of African swine fever in Ukraine is analyzed. During the period of 2012–2017, the disease cases of domestic and wild pigs were registered in the territory of 131 administrative districts of 23 regions. Wild pigs are not the primary source of spreading the ASF virus. Within four years (2008–2011), the ASF, through the southern and central territories of Russia, reached the northeastern regions of Ukraine. However, the first case of the disease in the Zaporizhye region (2012) showed that the cause of the African swine fever in the territory of Ukraine was not wild pigs, but humans. The ASF was found at a considerable distance from the area of the spread of the disease. In the north-eastern regions of Ukraine, the disease was detected only in 2014. This disease could result from penetration of infected wild pigs from the territory of the neighboring state into Ukraine, in particular into Luhansk-, Chernihiv-, and Sumy regions. Evidence of this is the fact that of the 16 cases in 2014 – 12 cases were recorded in wild pigs and four – in the private sector. As of April 2017, out of 208 detected cases, only 14% was identified among wild pigs due to the small number of the species in Ukraine compared to other European countries. In 16.7% of 478 administrative districts of Ukraine, wild pigs are not found in game hunting grounds; in 2.7% of the districts area, the density of animals is less than 0.1 individual per 1000 ha, and in 65.0% of the area it is insignificant: from 0.1 to 1.4 individuals. Intense hunting (13–22% harvesting of the game stock) during 2015–2016 led to a decrease in the numbers by 33.8% in 2017. As of 2017, the number of wild pigs is more than 40 thousand individuals. Most cases with fever were recorded in the period from July to March. More than 18% of cases of pig disease were detected in August. In general, in summer, about 30% of diseases were recorded, during the autumn – about 27%, in winter – 34%, in spring – only 9%. Wild pigs were most often infected in the autumn-winter period, not recorded – in April, June and September. Over 65% of animal disease cases were detected during the hunting season. The major cause of the spread of African swine fever are humans. Localization of the disease among wild pigs can be achieved through rational use and management of the species population.
Вплив умовно патогенної мікрофлори на розвиток патологічного процесу за пастерельозно-аскаридіозного мікст захворювання птиці
Authors: Plys V.M.
Published: November 2017

The article presents the results of autopsy dead of poultry and bacteriological studies of pathological material confiscation of dead birds. It was established that the pathological process at the mixed pasteurellosis and ascaridosis diseases is enhanced by the complications its conditioned pathogenic microflora, ie Escherichia coli, which amounts to 85.4% of all the isolated microorganisms. In most cases the selection of conditionally pathogenic microflora in the mixed pasteurellosis and ascaridosis disease observed in the spring to 82.4%. Pathological changes at he mixed pasteurellosis and ascaridosis disease complicated by conditionally pathogenic microflora were atypical: exhaustion, conjunctivitis, allocation from the nose muddy mucus hydropericarditis, catarrhal pneumonia, perihepatitis, splenitis, catarrhal hemorrhagic enterocolitis, hemorrhagic duodenitis, ruffled feathers, near the cloaca soiled dark gray of the droppings, sometimes mixed with fibrin, are thickened joints, in articular vagina accumulation of exudate straw-yellow color. Sometimes at roosters observed cyanosis of the comb, turkeys – cyanotic head skin, pigeons and parrots – expressed exhaustion, enlargement of the spleen twice from the physiological norm. In most cases were isolated conditionally pathogenic microflora of parenchymal organs: heart, liver, spleen and bone pulp. Because isolated pathogens play an important role in the development and aggravation of the pathological process at he mixed pasteurellosis and ascaridosis disease of poultry.
Патоморфологічні зміни за трансмісивного гастроентериту поросят
Authors: Garkusha S.E. , Konovalov J.V.
Published: November 2017

Transmisive gastroenteritis of pigs is currently registered in all countries of the world with intensive management of pig production, there are practically no large pig farms in which there is no transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs. Also the disease is widespread in pig farms of Ukraine. Transmissible gastroenteritis sick piglets in the first week after birth. During the initial appearance of the disease in a short time can be spread among pigs of all age groups with almost 100% death in 1 – to 10-day piglets and 4% among weaned piglets. In the literature adequately describes the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture and treatment of the disease, but pathological changes described not fully. The purpose of our research was to study the pathological morphology changes in transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs. To achieve this goal were the following objectives: to conduct a postmortem of sick pigs to transmissible gastroenteritis, to study macroscopic and microscopic changes in internal organs of pigs in this disease and to describe changes in the internal organs that were not previously documented. Work completed during 2016–2017 years on the basis of one of the private pig farms of industrial type Kyiv region and of the Department of pathological anatomy, National University of life and environmental Sciences of Ukraine, which was delivered to autopsy the dead animals. Postmortem 12 corpses of piglets that died from transmissible gastroenteritis conducted in the dorsal position by the method of partial evisceration, microscopic studies were performed according to standard techniques. When conducting pathological studies of pigs died from transmissible gastroenteritis we had installed the following changes: the mucous membrane of the stomach in a state of catarrhal inflammation, with hemorrhages and erosions; the mucous membrane of the small intestine has the symptoms of a catarrhal-hemorrhagic inflammation. Blind the colon and the intestines are found the superficial necrosis in the form of a scaly plaque. Microscopic studies found atrophy of the villi of the jejunum and the iliac colon. The pyknosis and lysis of nuclei, necrosis of individual epithelial cells. The destruction of the villi up to a section of the crypts. Smooth muscle cells of the muscle membrane was in a state of granular dystrophy.
Гістологічні зміни в котів за хламідіозу
Authors: Lisova V. , Savchenko A.
Published: November 2017

The article presents the results of the study of histological changes in organs and tissues of cats for chlamydial infection. The histopathological examination of the postmortem cases of cats (n = 8) of different breeds between the ages of 3 to 6 years old, who lives with the laboratory methods have been diagnosed and identified the pathogen Chlamydia felis. According to historical data from sick animals were recorded various nature and degree of conjunctivitis and pronounced signs of a lesion of the respiratory tract (rhinitis, bronchitis, pneumonia). The made histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to routine standard methods. The general histological structure and microstructural changes in histological preparations were studied under a light microscope. The histopathological examination were confirmed and specified the pathoanatomical diagnoses, established after autopsy of dead animals. It is shown that the most pronounced damage and characteristic changes all dead cats fixed contact in lung tissues and regional lymph nodes (mediastinal and bronchial), and in the spleen. The morphological criteria of chlamydial infection in the studied dead animals at the microscopic level were as follows:1) interstitial pneumonia; 2) pulmonary fibrosis; 3) fibrinous-purulent pleuropneumonia; 4) hyperplasia and serous lymphadenitis of the mediastinal and bronchial lymph nodes; 5) hyperplasia of lymphoid nodules of the spleen; 6) passive venous congestion of the liver and kidneys; 7) fatty and granular liver dystrophy. The results of our study, the pathomorphological diagnosis of chlamydial infection in most of the cats that died was based on changes characteristic of interstitial pneumonia followed pneumosclerosis or fibrinous-purulent pleuropneumonia, with deep affection of the bronchial epithelium. Consequently, the features of chlamydial infection are such that the clinical picture does not always correspond to the severity of morphological manifestations and complications of infection. Weak clinical manifestations can be combined with significant destructive, degenerative and necrotic changes in organs and tissues.
Дослідження ембріотоксичної дії препарату для зовнішнього використання «Мазь для ран» на лабораторних тваринах
Authors: Sachuk R.N.
Published: November 2017

The results of experiments showed one of the aspects of the application safety of the new preparation «Ointment for Wounds», which is intended for external use to bovine cattle, horses, sheep, goats, swine, fur-bearing animals, rabbits, dogs and cats. The preparation formula includes essential oils of Siberian Cedar, Eucalyptus, Tea Tree, Cedar, Clove, and chlorophyllipt oil solution. Pre-clinical trial of the «Ointment for Wounds» were carried out on pregnant rats, through repeated dermal application in the period from the 1st to the 19th day of pregnancy, and it did not cause toxic effects on animals. At the autopsy post-mortem examination of the rats on the 20th day of pregnancy, the quantity of yellow bodies in the ovaries, the implantation and resorption sites in the uterus, the number of live and dead fetuses were estimated. It was defined that the gestation course in control and experimental groups of animals did not differ significantly. The pre-implantation and total embryonic mortality in the experimental group (intervention group) of rats for which «Ointment for Wounds», was used dermally proved to be lower than that of the control group, respectively, by 16.3% and 10.2%. Post-implantation mortality exceeded by 7.0% the similar indicator of the control group. Morphometry of embryos did not reveal the growth retardation of the fetuses. During the external examination, significant visible development anomalies (deformities) of the fetuses extracted from the uterus have not been observed. During the external examination, significant visible development anomalies (deformities) of the fetuses extracted from the uterus have not been observed. Investigation of the fetuses’ internal organs did not reveal defects in their development, as well as defects in the development of the bone system have not been established, that suggests that this preparation does not cause a violation in the osteogenesis processes.The skin application of «Ointment for Wounds» to rats in a dose of 0.5 g/kg in the studied period of pregnancy effects neither on the number of newborns, nor the percentage of stillborns. Parturation of the experimental does took place, as a rule, at the 23rd day of pregnancy, as well as in control group. Consequently, the drug does not cause embryotoxic effects, does not affect the parameters of preimplantation, post-implantation, general embryonic mortality and postnatal development of offspring. Further research will focus on clinical trials of the preparation in the treatment of hyperkeratosis of the dams of the cow dummy.
Мікроскопічна будова та морфометричні показники грудної і поперекової частин спинного мозку свійського собаки
Authors: Horalskyi L.P. , Sokulskyi I.M. , Kolesnik N.L. , Demus N.V.
Published: November 2017

The article describes the features of the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the spinal cord of the chest and lumbar parts of a mature dog for the use of morphological, neurohistological, morphometric and statistical methods of research. According to the results of histomorphology, the area and shape of the transverse section of the spinal cord is determined, the latter in the thoracic region has a round shape, in the lumbar – oval. Gray substance of the spinal cord in the form of a butterfly on a transverse section is formed by ventral, dorsal and lateral horns, in which are centers of the sympathetic nervous system. According to our research, in the gray matter of the spinal cord of a domestic dog, the core of the dorsal horn, the Clark core, the lateral and medial intermediate nuclei, the lateral and medial ventral nuclei are clearly differentiated.According to histometry of the spinal cord of the mature dog, conducted by us, the largest cross-sectional area is characteristic of the lumbar spinal cord (23.32 ± 0.44 mm²), is slightly lower in the breast (21.31 ± 0.34 mm2). In this case, the ratio of gray cerebrospinal fluid to white in the lumbar part is 1: 3.32, which is 2 times less in comparison with the such indicator of the thoratic part.The cytopupulation of the nerve cells is represented by large, medium and small neurocytes, which, in its turn, depend on their placement in certain areas of the gray matter of the spinal cord: the most small neurons are found in the lumbar part of the cord (22.58%), the least are in the thoracic (19.88%), medium neurons are the highest in the thoracic part (44.11%), the least are in the lumbar (24.37%), the largest cells are in the lumbar part (44.11%), the least are in the thoracic (36.01%).Our cytomorphometric studies indicate that the nerve cells of the gray matter of the spinal cord of mature dogs have a different volume of pericarions and their nuclei and, accordingly, a different nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (NCR), which is an indicator of the functional activity of nerve cells. The largest average volume of pericarios of nerve cells is found in the lumbar part (17723.26 ± 816.72 mcm³), the smallest are in the chest (12913.53 ± 915.41 mcm³). The largest nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio was found in the thoracic part of the cord (0.120 ± 0.005), less are in the lumbar (0.110 ± 0.004).
Видовий склад циркулюючої мікрофлори та її стійкість до антибактеріальних препаратів в умовах ПАФ «Бережниця» Жидачівського району Львівської області
Authors: Kisera Y.V. , Storchak Y.G. , Bozsik L.Y.
Published: November 2017

The main issue today is the provision of safe and high-quality livestock products, taking into account all aspects of food production, from farm to table. In order to preserve the young animals, increase the resistance of the immune system of the organism, prevent the influence of infectious pathogens on macroorganism and the environment, studies have been conducted to determine the microflora circulating in the conditions of the economy. In particular, from the point of view of food safety, E. coli is a dangerous factor affecting their quality, causing various diseases in humans and animals. In the body of a healthy bovine animal, Escherichia coli may be present in an admissible concentration of up to 107 CFUs, Escherichia coli haemolitica is normally absent in the animal body. Bacteriological studies included seeding of the test material on the nutrient medium, their identification and the study of antibiotic susceptibility. For the analysis of the sensitivity of microorganisms to medicinal (antibacterial) substances by disco-diffusion method, they used a nutrient medium of AGV, on which the «lawn» was sown analyzing cultures and used discs with antibacterial preparations. According to the results of bacteriological studies of milk samples, it has been determined that 70% of the examined samples of pathogenic microflora have not been isolated. In 30% of the tested samples, the presence of pathogenic microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris in milk samples was established. Bacteriological studies of vaginal exudate taken from cows after the calving have shown that they have Streptococcus epidermidis, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherišhia coli, Proteus vulgaris and fungus of the genus Aspergillus spp. Investigations of the exudate from the nasal passages and the calving of the calves have revealed that Escherichia coli is present in all the samples tested. The results of studies of calf sturgeon revealed the presence of a number of microorganisms: Escherihia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Escherihia coli haemolitica, Staphylococcus haemoliticus, molds of the genus Aspergillus in different percentages. When determining the sensitivity of isolated cultures to antibacterial drugs by the disc diffusion method, it has been established that Staphylococcus and Escherihia coli haemolitica cultures are susceptible to all antibiotics; Proteus vulgaris exhibits resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin.