bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro and in Vivo Correlations of Fluorescent or Radioisotope Glucose-Analogs in Imaging Cancer Metabolism
Authors: Lin Hongchang , Kobayashi Mariko , Kushiro Keiichiro , Yanagie Hironobu , Shimazoe Kenji , Takahashi Hiroyuki
Published: September 2022

Molecular Imaging (MI) has become a versatile, indispensable tool in clinical and research settings for disease diagnostics. It can be largely divided into nuclear imaging and fluorescence imaging based on types of tracers involved. However, direct comparisons of both types of tracers in both in vivo and in vitro settings have not been extensively investigated. In particular, how the image-enabling modifications of innate metabolic biomolecules influence the imaging of the actual metabolism is a critical issue in MI. We compared the performances of fluorescent glucose-analog tracers, 2-NBDG and 2-DG-750, against radio-labeled tracer 18 F-FDG for cancer metabolism imaging in both in vitro and in vivo settings, to gain insight into the correlation between these settings, as well as how each image-labeling alter the localization and the metabolic functionality of the imaging biomolecules. In vitro cellular uptakes of 18 F-FDG, 2-NBDG, and 2-DG-750 in four cancer cell lines that possess different glucose uptake characteristics were quantitatively evaluated by fluorescence signals or gamma counters. The three tracers showed different internalization behaviors that seem to correlate with the size and type of the imaging label, and 18 F-FDG had the highest uptake. In vivo imaging of subcutaneous tumor xenograft murine models with positron emission tomography (PET) or whole-animal fluorescence imaging were also performed using the three tracers, and it was found that the ability to be internalized into the cells correlated with the specificity and resolution of cancer metabolic imaging. For example, the hydrophobic and bulky 2-DG-750 had low uptake by cells and displayed poor capabilities in term of imaging glucose metabolism in tumors compared to 18 F-FDG, which demonstrated rapid and localized accumulation as well as clearance. The results from this study demonstrate that although fluorescent molecules can accumulate in tumors due to hydrophobic interactions and possible aggregations at the tumor site, they are unable to be metabolized efficiently and not suitable for imaging the metabolic phenomena, compared with radio-labeled biomolecules that are free of these limitations. Although nuclear imaging has some impracticalities, they hold vast potentials for capturing accurate biological phenomena that will be crucial for future advances in the clinical and research settings.
Dumbbell-shaped Posterior Mediastinal Cavernous Hemangioma
Authors: Huang Wenxiao , Gong Liya , Wen Ge
Published: September 2022

Mediastinal cavernous hemangioma is an extremely rare benign tumor caused by a congenital vascular malformation. We reported a case of posterior mediastinal cavernous hemangioma from clinical, imaging, and pathological aspects. A 68-year-old male patient without clinical symptoms exhibited an accidental finding of left posterior mediastinal mass on chest radiography during a routine physical examination. It was dumbbell-shaped on the left side of the seventh thoracic vertebra and extended into the intervertebral foramen, measuring 31 × 31 × 24 mm with no bone destruction. After an initial misdiagnosis of the neurogenic tumor, surgical resection and histological confirmation of the cavernous hemangioma was performed. For the reason that pathological evaluation is banned before the surgical resection of the Cavernous Hemangioma, thus it is necessary to increase clinician awareness of the diagnosis and maximize patient benefit.
Seasonal variation in diagnostic accuracy of requests for psychiatric evaluations in an academic psychiatry liaison service
Authors: Otani¹ Thaís , Otani¹ Victor , Freirias¹ Andrea , Calfat¹ Elie , Aoki¹ Patricia , Vasques Daniel Augusto Correa , Buck Hudson Sousa , Cordeiro¹ Quirino , Uchida Ricardo Riyoiti
Published: September 2022

Objectives
To perform a time-series evaluation regarding the accuracy of diagnoses included in requests for psychiatric consultations in an academic consultation-liaison psychiatry service, as well as exploring possible causal factors leading to putative seasonal variations in accuracy.
Methods
The registry of an academic tertiary hospital in the period between August 2009 and March 2013 was analyzed.
Results
Most of the requests came from the Internal Medicine Unit. A strong seasonality trend was detected in inaccuracy rates (p < 0.001). Two primary peaks were detected, one around the April-May period, coinciding with the arrival of untrained residents, and the other at the end of December and beginning of January, corresponding to the holiday season. The fact that the evaluations were requested by residents was causally attributed in both instances (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
The arrival of untrained residents and the year-end holiday season effect seem to impact the quality of requests for psychiatric consultations in a teaching hospital.
Absolute risk estimation of new-onset proteinuria in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus – a Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Andersen Martin , Stockmarr Anders , Leffers Henrik Christian Bidstrup , Troldborg Anne , Voss Anne , Kristensen Salome , Deleuran Bent , Dreyer Lene , Johnsen Laura , Colic Ada , Jacobsen Søren
Published: September 2022

Background
Kidney involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects approximately 40% of patients and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity.
The risk of renal involvement has primarily been reported as hazard ratios (HR) which may be challenging to interpret on a patient level. Additional data reporting such as absolute risk estimates may strengthen risk stratification and compliance.
This study provides absolute risk estimations of risk of new-onset proteinuria among SLE patients.
Methods
Danish SLE-centres provided clinical data on first time observations of proteinuria and other clinical parameters listed in the 1997 American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for SLE. Time from first occurring non-renal manifestation to new-onset proteinuria or censoring defined time at risk. Cox-regression models were used to identify risk factors for new-onset proteinuria and to calculate risk of proteinuria stratified by risk factor debut age, duration and sex. Models were reduced using a backwards elimination process for p>0.01. Potentially relevant interaction covariate terms were added to the model in a forward selection procedure using p<0.01.
Results
Patient population consisted of 586 patients with SLE, mainly Caucasian (94%) women (88%), mean age at inclusion of 34.6 years (standard deviation, SD = 14.4 years), observed for a mean of 14.9 years (SD =11.2 years). The cumulative prevalence of proteinuria was 40%. Male sex, HR = 1.35 (p=0.009), lymphopenia HR = 1.77 (p=0.005) were associated with new-onset proteinuria. Male patients with lymphopenia had the highest predictive risks of proteinuria with a 1-, 5- and 10-year risk of proteinuria ranging from 9-27%, 34-75% and 51-89 %, depending on the age at presentation (debut at 20, 30, 40 or 50 years). The corresponding risk profiles for women with lymphopenia were 3-9%, 8-34% and 12-58%, respectively.
Conclusions
Large differences in absolute risk estimates for new-onset proteinuria were identified. The differences may aid risk stratification and patient compliance among high-risk individuals.
Autophagy inhibits inflammation via down-regulation of p38 MAPK/mTOR signaling cascade in endothelial cells
Authors: Zhou Ling , Wang Juanjuan , Hou Hui , Li Jiao , Li Juan , Liang Jiannan , Li Junqin , Niu Xuping , Hou Ruixia , Zhang Kai-Ming
Published: September 2022

Autophagy, an intracellular process of self-digestion, has been shown to modulate inflammatory responses. In the present study, we determined the effects of autophagy on inflammatory response induced by supernatant of psoriatic dermal mesenchymal stem cells (p-DMSCs). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with supernatant of p-DMSCs cultures to induce inflammation and treated with rapamycin (RAPA) to induce autophagy. Expression levels of mRNA for inflammatory cytokines and BIRC2 were compared in HUVECs with vs. without induction of autophagy with rapamycin (RAPA) by PCR, while cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity assay kit. We found that induction of autophagy with RAPA decreased expression levels of IL6, IL8 and CCL20, in addition to reduction in inflammation-induced apoptosis in HUVECs; Expression levels of LC3, p62, p-p38 MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182), p-mTOR (Ser2445) and p-ULK1 (Ser555) proteins were measured by Western blotting. We found RAPA increased LC3Ⅱ, while decreasing p62 expression. Likewise, expression levels of p-p38 MAPK and p-mTOR proteins were markedly decreased by the treatment with RAPA; Finally, we evaluated thenitric oxide (NO) content, NO synthase (NOS) activity and cell angiogenesis. RAPA treatment increased the NO content and the NOS activity, and inhibited angiogenesis. Through the experimental results, we speculated that induced of autophagy can improve the function of endothelial cells in psoriasis, suggesting approaches to induce autophagy can be used to ameliorate psoriasis.
Establishment of a Novel Signature to Predict Prognosis and Immune Characteristics of Pancreatic Cancer Based on Necroptosis-Related Long Non-Coding RNA
Authors: xiong Yuanpeng , Kong Xiaoyu , Fang Kang , Sun Gen , Tu Shuju , Wei Yongyang , Ouyang Yonghao , Wan Renhua , Xiao Weidong
Published: September 2022

Background
Necroptosis plays an important role in tumor genesis and progression. Long non-coding RNAs (IncRNAs) have been proven a regulatory factor of necroptosis in various tumors. However, the real role of necroptosis-related lncRNAs (NRLs) and their potential to predict the prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) remain largely unclear.
Methods
178 PC patients' RNA sequencing data and clinical profiles were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. NRLs were identified using Pearson correlation analysis. Then, patients were divided into the training set and the validation set at a 1 : 1 ratio. Subsequently, Cox and LASSO regression analyses were conducted to establish a prognostic NRLs signature in the training set and validation set. The predictive efficacy of the 5-NRLs signature was assessed by survival analysis, nomogram, COX regression, clinicopathological features correlation analysis, and the operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Furthermore, correlations between the risk score (RS) and immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint molecules, somatic gene mutations, and anticancer drug sensitivity were analyzed.
Results
A 5-NRLs signature was established to predict the prognostic of PC, including LINC00857, AL672291.1, PTPRN2-AS1, AC141930.2, and MEG9. The 5-NRLs signature demonstrated a high degree of predictive power according to ROC and Kaplan-Meier curves, and was revealed to be an independent risk factor for prognosis via stratified survival analysis. Nomogram and calibration curves indicated the clinical adaptability of the signature. Additionally, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint molecules, somatic gene mutations and half-inhibitory concentration were significantly different between two risk subtypes.
Conclusions
The novel 5-NRLs signature is helpful for assessing the prognosis of PC patients and improving therapy options, so it can be further applied clinically.
MPC2 variants disrupt mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism and cause an early-onset mitochondriopathy
Authors: Pujol Claire , Lebigot Elise , Gaignard Pauline , Galai Said , Kraoua Ichraf , Bault Jean-Philippe , Dard Rodolphe , Youssef-Turki Ilhem Ben , Omar Souheil , Boutron Audrey , Wai Timothy , Slama Abdelhamid
Published: September 2022

Pyruvate is an essential metabolite produced by the glycolytic pathway in the cytosol and must
be transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) into the mitochondrial matrix,
where it is oxidized to fuel mitochondrial respiration. Pyruvate import is performed by
Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier (MPC), which is a hetero-oligomeric complex composed by
interdependent subunits MPC1 and MPC2. Pathogenic variants in MPC1 gene disrupt
mitochondrial pyruvate uptake and oxidation and it was associated to autosomal-recessive
early-onset neurological dysfunction in humans. However, no pathogenic variants have been
related to the MPC2 gene. The present work describes the first pathogenic variants in MPC2
associated with human disease in four patients from two unrelated families. In the first family,
patients presented with antenatal developmental abnormalities, harbored a homozygous
c.148T>C (p.Trp50Arg) variant. In the second family, patients presented with infantile
encephalopathy carried missense c.2T>G (p.Met1?) variant disrupting the initiation codon.
Patient-derived skin fibroblasts exhibit decreased pyruvate-driven oxygen consumption rates
with normal activities of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and mitochondrial respiratory
chain and no defects in mitochondrial content nor morphology. Re-expression of wild type
MPC2 restored pyruvate-dependent respiration rates in patient-derived fibroblasts. The
discovery of pathogenic variants in MPC2 therefore broadens the clinical and genetic landscape
associated with inborn errors in pyruvate metabolism.
Sandwich type piezoelectric nanogenerators based on one- and two- dimensional ZnO nanostructures with improved output performance
Authors: Fakhri Parisa , Eaianli Naeimeh , bagherzadeh Roohollah , Jaleh Babak , Sillanpää Mika
Published: September 2022

The piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) have attracted a great deal of interest owing to their broad application in environmental mechanical energy harvesting to power small electronics devices. Here, the novel flexible and high performance sandwich-type piezoelectric nanogenerators based on one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanostructures and Ni foam as the middle layer have been developed. The morphology and structure of 1- and 2-D ZnO nanostructures have been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To study the effect of structural design on the piezoelectric performance, the single layer PENGs were also fabricated. The piezoelectric output of all prepared PENGs were evaluated under cyclic human impacts at various forces and frequencies. The output performance of the double-layer designed PENGs showed a two times larger voltage output compared to the single layer PENGs. The working mechanism of the prepared PENGs is also discussed. Design of nanogenerators as double-layer sandwich structure instead of single layer reduces the overall preparation time and processing steps as well as enhancement of their output performance, enhancing their capability for using in practical applications.
Expendable and Distributed Measurement Scheme for Acquisition of Naturally Sparse Events
Authors: V VIVEKANAND , Mishra Deepak
Published: September 2022

A common reason for electronic measurement anomaly is the inadvertent rise in ground potential with respect to measurement ground. The ground potential rise happens during current leakage to ground from lightning or from power grid and leads to catastrophic failure unless appropriate preventive action is taken to isolate the sensitive measurement systems. A networked system for acquisition and transmission of ground potential measurements to data monitoring station is presented here. The system is aimed to implement using low-cost IoT devices with limited resources since these units are planned to be expendable. The limited processing power of such devices is not sufficient to run high efficient computation intensive routing algorithms. A lightweight routing algorithm for this purpose is proposed here. The discussion on reliability of such systems is also presented. The multipath route discovery strategy presented here reconfigures the network to an optimal configuration with respect to energy dissipation and node distribution.
Consumer Preferences in Buying Pink and Red-ripe Tomatoes1
Authors: Hicks J. R. , Hayslip N. C. , Showalter R. K.
Published: September 2022

Supermarket sales of ‘Florida MH-1’ tomatoes which had been harvested fully red-ripe were compared with those of ‘Floradel’ tomatoes which had been harvested at the pink stage. The two lots of tomatoes were handled in the same manner. Customers preferred the red-ripe fruit over the pink. This preference became more pronounced during the 14 shopping days included in the test.
Fresh Market Tomatoes Harvested Red-Ripe
Authors: Hicks J. R. , Hayslip N. C.
Published: September 2022

Fruit shown on the cover are the ‘Florida MH-1’ tomatoes – harvested fully red-ripe1 and packed 2-layers deep in cartons of 20-pound capacity. Taking advantage of the attractive red color and retention of firmness of the cultivar, researchers at the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), Univ. of Florida have accumulated data which indicate machine-harvestable red ripe fruit without excessive damage, the possibility of portable field packing units, and high consumer acceptance and/or preference. As a result of this continuing program, retail produce markets may soon display high quality winter tomatoes more like those “grandma used to grow.”
The Tryptophan Content of Tropical Roots and Tubers1
Authors: Splittstoesser Walter E. , Martin Franklin W.
Published: September 2022

The troptophan content was determined in 29 cultivars of tropical root and tuber crops: (Manihot esculenta Crantz, Dioscorea alata L., D. rotundata Poir., D. esculenta Burkill, D. bulbifera L., D. trifida L., Ipomea batatas L., Xanthosoma sagittifolium L. Schott, Colocasia esculenta L. Schott, Canna edulis Ker., Maranta arundinacea L., and Calathea allouia Lindl.) They contained 0.1 to 1.1 g tryptophan per 100 g protein and were below the FAO reference protein. Sufficient diversity existed between cultivars for troptophan per g of dried tissue to recommend further trials with D. alata cv. Florido, D. esculenta cv. Spindle, X. sagittifolium cv. Aguadillana and Colocasia esculenta cv. Martin. These contained 50% to 79% as much tryptophan as the FAO reference protein and have excellent cooking qualities.
Kinetin Removes Self-incompatibility Reaction in Detached Styles of Lilium longiflorum Thunb.1
Authors: Henny Richard J. , Ascher Peter D.
Published: September 2022

Injection of 100 or 200 ppm 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) into detached Lilium longiflorum (Easter lily) styles before pollination removed the differential pollen tube growth attributable to the self-incompatibility reaction so that both compatible and incompatible pollen tubes reached lengths typical of compatible tubes. Prepollination injections of 50 ppm kinetin produced variable results while injection of 1 or 10 ppm kinetin had no effect on pollen tube growth.
New Developments in Plant Cell and Tissue Culture
Authors: Kehr August E.
Published: September 2022

Plant cell and tissue culture is a rapidly moving science. New findings are coming so fast that it is difficult to keep up-to-date. Recent developments presented at the Third International Congress of Plant Tissue and Cell Culture at the University of Leicester, Leicester, England, July 21-16, 1974, deserve to be brought to the attention of horticulturists.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Maynard Donald N.
Published: September 2022

Quality of horticultural crops is an extremely variable and perhaps nebulous characteristic. Quality may be easily expressed in physical terms such as size, color, or shape. Texture, food value, and keeping qualities, requiring more sophisticated determinations, are also critical components of quality. In some cases, quality may be a highly individual thing, varying from consumer to consumer. Furthermore, the expression of quality may be controlled by genetic capability as well as a host of environmental conditions.
Plant Nutrition and Flower Crop Quality
Authors: Boodley James W.
Published: September 2022

How shall we define the term quality? Anyone who has worked with flowers will stress keeping quality: the prolongation of their esthetic qualities to provide the maximum benefit to the user.
Plant Nutrition and Woody Ornamental Growth and Quality1
Authors: Dirr Michael A.
Published: September 2022

Quality, the degree of excellence which a thing possesses, varies with the evaluator for excellence to one may be mediocrity to another. After considerable thought and examination of the literature, I have concluded that the quality attributes of woody ornamental plants as affected by mineral nutrition practices are not well defined. First, how exactly does one proceed to evaluate quality in a woody ornamental plant? The effects of mineral nutrition on the quality of vegetables and fruits would appear to be more obvious. Yield, color, firmness, taste, keeping quality, and chemical components may be useful traits for evaluating quality under a given set of nutritional, cultural, and environmental conditions In general quality on woody ornamentals appears to be related to visually pleasing, salable plants. There are various reports of fertilizer sources and rates on growth or appearance. I will review a limited number of these and then discuss the results of a questionnaire which was sent to nurserymen around the country concerning fertilization and woody ornamental plant production.
Plant Nutrition and Deciduous Fruit Crop Quality
Authors: Claypool L. L.
Published: September 2022

Physiological problems observed during postharvest handling of deciduous fruit crops often originate during production as a result of climatic, nutritional, or other cultural factors. Sometimes the likelihood of a problem occurring is partially under genetic control. For a postharvest physiologist to be fully effective in evaluating a problem, he must know the cultural history of the commodity with which he is working. Similarly, the researcher studying cultural factors should know the relationships between treatment variables and quality traits. Often this can best be accomplished by collaboration of researchers working in both fields, but one individual with proper background and interest may also acquire relatively complete information. I consider this symposium highly appropriate to point out interrelations between plant nutrition and commodity quality, and the need for adequate information on quality aspects of nutritional research to enable accurate interpretation of results.
Histology of Ethephon Injury on ‘Montmorency’ Cherry Branches1
Authors: Wilde Mary H. , Edgerton L. J.
Published: September 2022

On current season’s growth of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus, cv. Montmorency) injury induced by (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) occurred at and below the nodes in tissues adjacent to the 3 leaf traces supplying each leaf. In the secondary xylem close to the cambium, separation and breakdown of cell walls resulted in the formation of gum cavities; injury occurred also in cortical tissues adjacent to the leaf traces. In older portions of the branch more severe injury occurred where large gum cavities formed in the outer secondary xylem and in cortical tissues. Superficial swelling, cell proliferation and surface cracks occurred on the branches near the nodes accompanied by exudations of gum. Injury and cell wall dissolution may be related to cellulase activity stimulated by ethylene released from the break down of ethephon within the tissues.
‘Cardinal’ Strawberry1
Authors: Moore J. N. , Bowden H. L. , Sistrunk W. A.
Published: September 2022

The ‘Cardinal’ strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) has been released by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station to fill the need for a large-fruited, productive cultivar adapted to Arkansas conditions. Its fruit characteristics make it a dual-purpose cultivar, suited to both fresh market and processing use. In preliminary trials it appears promising for use in once-over mechanical harvesting.
Research Coordination in Horticulture: Can It Be Done?
Authors: Faust Miklos
Published: September 2022

There are two philosophical points of view regarding the most effective approach to research. One holds that coordinated research is more productive and attains its goals faster with less cost. The Manhattan Project and Space Flights are cited as proof that coordination is the only effective way to solve problems. The other point of view is that good researchers know what to do without coordination. Supporters of this view claim that all major discoveries have resulted from individual efforts and that agricultural research, the most uncoordinated large research undertaking, has been very successful in developing new techniques and solving problems. They ask: “Should we spend long hours in coordinating meetings or should we get a good man and leave him alone?”
Carnivorous Seed Plants: Sources and References1
Authors: Rowland Jane Thomas
Published: September 2022

Ordinarily plants are considered the primary food producers while animals feed upon plants directly or indirectly. A relatively small group of the vascular or higher plants feed upon animals. These “carnivorous” plants3 manufacture their own food but because of the special environment in which they grow, must supplement their intake with the nitrogen from animal tissues. Yet some insects are able to live in the traps of carnivorous plants in a Symbiotic relationship. For a number of years on into this century following the work of Charles Darwin, there was a considerable amount of research and observation made on these strange plants. There are, however, relatively few books on the subject.
Anther Culture of Strawberry1
Authors: Rosati P. , Devreux M. , Laneri U.
Published: September 2022

Strawberry plants were regenerated by anther culture from 4 different octoploid cultivars of Fragaria × ananassa. All plants possessed the octoploid chromosome number. Evidence is given that the plants may have originated from gametic tissue. Four different nutrient media were tested and Gresshoff and Doy Number 1 medium gave best results.
Evaluating Genetic Sources of Fruit Detachment Traits in Strawberry1
Authors: Brown G. R. , Moore J. N. , Bailey L. F.
Published: September 2022

The components of strawberry capping (i.e. removal of fruit from the calyx) including capping percentage, capping force, and pedicel breaking force were evaluated in F. × ananassa Duch. cvs. Juspa, Fresno, Surecrop, Tennessee Beauty, Md-US 3082 and F. virginiana Duch. clone 27. Capping percentage varied from 100% for F. virginiana to 1.1% for Md-US 3082 and were intermediate in progenies from crosses that differ widely in respect to this character. Although clones did not differ phenotypically in required capping force, progenies from F. × ananassa × F. virginiana crosses required significantly less force to cap than progenies derived wholly from F. × ananassa. Pedicel breaking forces varied from 562 g for Md-US 3082 to 262 g for ‘Surecrop’ with progeny means near the low parent mean.
Effects of Aluminum Concentration on Growth and Chemical Composition of Peach Seedlings1
Authors: Kirkpatrick H. C. , Thompson J. M. , Edwards J. H.
Published: September 2022

Aluminum concentrations of 0, 3, 10, 30, and 100 ppm in nutrient solution reduced proportionately the dry weights of stem, roots, and leaves of seedlings of ‘Lovell’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. Roots grown at 30 and 100 ppm A1 were shorter, thicker, and had less branching than roots grown at lower concentrations. The epidermal and endodermal cells were small, with grossly thickened cell walls. Cells of the cortex were shortened in the longitudinal axes. Leaf A1 level indicated solution A1 better than did the A1 levels of roots, stems, or the 2% acetic acid-extractable A1 fraction of leaves, stems, or roots. The concentration of Ca, Mg, Mn, and P were reduced as A1 concentration increased.
Effects of Ethephon on Seed Yield of Phaseolus vulgaris L.1
Authors: Tucker C. L. , Miller Milton D. , Webster Barbara D.
Published: September 2022

No significant differences in bean seed yield of field grown ‘Dark Red Kidney’ beans were observed in plants treated at the green or white bud stage or in full bloom with (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) at concentrations ranging from 300 to 2400 ppm. Plants treated with 300 and 600 ppm ethephon produced and retained more flowers and matured 7-10 days earlier than untreated plants. Treatment with 1200 and 2400 ppm reduced flower production and delayed pod maturity.
The Influence of Temperature and Relative Humidity on Onion Pollen Germination1
Authors: Chang Woo Nang , Struckmeyer B. Esther
Published: September 2022

Pollen of onion (Allium cepa L.) was stored in incubators at 21, 43 and 60°C with each at 20, 50 and 80% relative humidity. The germination of M611B pollen was higher than P52-371B. At each of the temperature levels, germination of viable pollen decreased as the relative humidity and length of storage time increased. Increasing temperature also caused an increase in nonviable pollen. At 21°C, pollen germination showed a gradual decline with increasing length of storage compared to a more abrupt decline at 43 and 60°C.
Reaction of Tomato to Target Leaf Spot Using Spore Inoculation and a Toxin Test1
Authors: Renish W. J. , Onesirosan P. T. , Bliss F. A. , Arny D. C.
Published: September 2022

A method was developed to evaluate tomato plants by means of excised leaves for reaction to Cornynespora cassiicola (Berk. & Curt) Wei using the toxin in the cell-free filtrate of virulent isolates. This test should be useful for identifying resistant families and segregates.
The Tabasco Story
Authors: Greenleaf Walter H.
Published: September 2022

The name Tabasco has become synonymous around the world with the famous hot sauce by this name, made from ‘Tabasco’ peppers (Capsicum frutescens L.). This aromatic sauce, widely used to enhance the flavor of many fresh and cooked foods, is made by the Mcllhenny Company of Avery Island, Louisiana. The pepper itself is named after the state in Mexico whence it probably came. It was introduced into Louisiana about 1846. Mention was made of its culture and use in a letter to the editors of the New Orleans Daily Delta of December 7, 1849. In this letter entitled “Deer Range - A Model Sugar Plantation” a visitor from the Northwest (St. Louis) praised his congenial host and owner of the plantation, Colonel Maunsel White, for his hospitality and his superior management which “excited our warmest admiration.” His observations on Tabasco peppers are quoted verbatim: “I must not omit to notice the Colonel's pepper patch, which is two acres in extent, all planted with a new species of red pepper, which Colonel White has introduced into the country, called Tobasco red pepper. The Colonel attributes the admirable health of his hands to the free use of this pepper.”
The Use of Diphenylamine to Protect Plants against Ozone Injury1
Authors: Gilbert M. D. , Maylin G. A. , Elfving D. C. , Edgerton L. J. , Gutenmann W. H. , Lisk D. J.
Published: September 2022

Foliar application of diphenylamine as a spray or dust on apple and as a dust on bean, muskmelon, petunia and tobacco plants afforded highly significant protection against visible injury when the plants were exposed to ozone in a modified growth chamber. Concentrations of diphenylamine of about 1% as a dust and 500-1000 ppm as a spray were effective.
Cashew Fatty Acids1
Authors: Maia Geraldo A. , Brown W. H. , Whiting F. M. , Stull J. W.
Published: September 2022

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids were isolated by silicic acid column chromatography. Each lipid class had characteristic fatty acid distributions with phospholipids being higher in palmitic and oleic acids, and glycolipids being higher in lin oleic acid. Comparative esterification methods indicated that cashew apple juice contained significant amounts of free lauric acid. Oleic and linoleic acids occur in almost identical, amounts in cashew nut testa whereas oleic acid predominates in the kernel. Comparison of fatty acid distributions in pulp and peel from red and yellow cultivars of cashew apple at immature and mature stages shows some differences, with notable increases in oleic acid during maturation and decreases in linoleic and linolenic acids.
Effects of Chilling and Stratification on Nut Germination of Northern and Southern Pecan Cultivars1
Authors: Madden George D. , Tisdale Herbert W.
Published: September 2022

Stratification (moist-cold) at 0 – 2°C for 8-12 weeks promoted earliness and uniformity of germination of nuts of 4 cultivars of pecan (Carya illinoensis Wang. K. Koch). Of three northern cultivars used, two had a greater seed stratification requirement than a southern cultivar, whereas the third was similar. Chilling (dry-cold) was much less effective than stratification in promoting earliness and uniformity of germination. The use of stratification by pecan nurserymen should result in larger and more uniform stands of pecan seedlings.
Chlorophyll Content of a Dark Green Mutant of ‘Manapal’ Tomato1
Authors: Sanders D. C. , Pharr D. M. , Konsler T. R.
Published: September 2022

Tomato leaf and fruit chlorophyll content of a dark green mutant (dg) of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Manapal was compared to +/+ and +/dg (within ‘Manapal’) and another high pigment line (hp/hp) from 111. 1252. The mutant dg/dg contained the highest chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll in the exocarp and mesocarp and per unit leaf area. The exocarp and mesocarp of hp/hp contained intermediate chlorophyll concentrations. The mutant dg/dg and hp/hp contained a greater mesocarp chlorophyll b concentration than +/dg or +/+.
Wilting and Damage to Cucumber by Spotted and Striped Cucumber Beetles1
Authors: Haynes Robert L. , Jones C. M.
Published: September 2022

Spotted and striped cucumber beetles (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber and Acalymma vittata Fab., respectively) caused significantly more damage to bitter cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) wilted by drought or infection by Erwinia tracheiphila E.F.S.-Holland than to bitter non-wilted or non-bitter wilted and non-wilted plants. Bitter wilted plants had significantly more cucurbitacin than did bitter non-wilted material.
Breeding Snap Beans for Resistance to Diseases Caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn1
Authors: Deakin J. R. , Dukes P. D.
Published: September 2022

Resistance to diseases of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) caused by Rhizoctonia solani was highly heritable and could be easily transferred to lines with high productivity and acceptable quality. Resistance was associated with colored seed. Attempts to obtain white-seeded lines with resistance were not successful because of epistatic effects. The only barrier to the use of cultivars resistant to diseases caused by R. solani is industry refusal of colored-seeded lines, as based on current quality standards. A selection method to obtain near-white-seeded lines is discussed.
A New Technique for Determining Resistance of Sweet Corn to Second-brood European Corn Borer1
Authors: Shehata M. A. , Hargraves J. C. , Davis D. W.
Published: September 2022

A controlled environment technique using freshly silked, excised ears artificially infested with 1st instar larvae was developed for evaluating sweet com (Zea mays L.) for resistance to 2nd-brood European com borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hiibner). At 14 days, infested ears of the moderately resistant dent inbred ‘B52’ held in plastic bags at 27°C (day) 21° (night), high humidity, and 16 hour photoperiod (8.6 klx) had fewer 4th and 5th instar larvae and possibly lower larval weight Use of this technique could improve the efficiency of screening via artificial infestation by reducing environmentally caused variability.
Aerial Strands Of Erwinia amylovora: Nature and Role In The Fire Blight Disease
Authors: Keil Harry L. , van der Zwet T.
Published: September 2022

Aerial strands of Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al. the causal organism of fire blight of pear and apple, are a form of ooze produced by infected tissues. Strands contain large num bers of pathogenic bacteria embedded in a matrix. Strands are mainly of two types, smooth or beaded. Smooth strands (Fig. 1A) of about equal diameter throughout their length are formed by a uniform quantity of ooze extruded through natural openings of the epidermis. Upon exposure to air, the ooze solidifies to produce the strand. As more ooze is extruded basipetally, the strand increases in length. Beaded strands (Fig. 1A) areformed by extrusion of the ooze in spurts.
The Agricultural Research Dilemma
Authors: Wittwer S. H.
Published: September 2022

Agricultural research, technology, and development is at a crossroads in this nation. The chart ahead is not clear. If food is important, it’s not reflected by current investments in research. Food has been taken for granted. The present affluence of our nation in the adequacy, safety, and variety of its food supply exceeds that of any known people that have ever inhabited the earth.
Key Words
Authors: Brenner M. L.
Published: September 2022

The age of computer literature searches is upon us. On a time-share basis, a computer can be used to search for specific topics, titles, and authors. It is now possible to search Biological Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts, the CAIN Data base as well as other citation listing services. To be assured that articles published in our two horticultural journals have maximum exposure we should institute the use of identifying key words. Presently the main agricultural citation system compiled by the National Agricultural Library only uses titles and authors' names. It is too costly for the National Agricultural Library to scan articles for key words. Thus, we are forced to heavily rely upon the selected wording of titles to provide maximum recognition of our published work. By listing key words for each article the probability of our publications having maximum visibility would be increased. I urge such a policy to be instituted as soon as is practical.
Calcium-related Disorders of Fruits and Vegetables1
Authors: Shear C. B.
Published: September 2022

Calcium is the fifth most abundant element in the earth’s crust, accounting for more than 3% of its composition. The exchangeable Ca content of a “normal” soil ranges from 65 to 85% of its total exchange capacity (12). Leaves of dicotyledonous plants generally contain from 0.5 to 5.5% Ca on a dry weight basis (44). The aboveground woody portions of trees in a 36-year-old apple orchard (35 trees per acre) contain about 200 lb. of Ca/acre as compared to about 175 lb. of all other nutrient elements combined (98). Recognizable foliar symptoms of Ca deficiency are seldom observed on field-grown fruit or vegetable crops. Despite these facts, serious economic losses occur annually from physiological disorders resulting from an inadequate level of Ca in the fruits, storage roots, or tubers of many plants or to the heart leaves of cabbage, lettuce, and other compact leafy vegetables.
Induction of Frost Hardiness in Red-osier Dogwood Stems by Water Stress1
Authors: Chen Paul , Li P. H. , Weiser C. J.
Published: September 2022

Water stress and short day treatments increased the frost hardiness and the water saturation deficit (WSD) of stems of red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera L.) plants grown for 21 days at controlled temperatures, photoperiods, and water supply. Potted plants were watered either to the point of saturation (control) or with lesser amounts (98, 60, or 30 ml/pot per day). Hardiness and WSD were proportional to the level of water stress. The greatest increase in hardiness (from −3 to −11°C) occurred in die 38 ml treatment during the first 7 days. Prolonging water stress, for an additional 14 days, induced little additional hardiness. There was no increase in the hardiness (−3°C) or WSD of control plants grown under long days (14 hours). Control plants grown at short days (10 hours) increased in hardiness from −3 to −6.5°C and WSD increased from 7.5% to 18.2% in 21 days. Water stress or short days caused significant increases in hardiness and WSD, but a combination of the 2 treatments caused no further increase in hardiness or WSD.
Effect of Pollination Temperature on Seed Yield of Crosses in Daylily1
Authors: Arisumi Toru
Published: September 2022

The seed set in 7 out of 12 daylily crosses was temperature-sensitive when the seed parent was exposed for 6 hr to 23.9, 29.4, or 35.0°C. In 6 crosses at 35.0° and in 2 crosses at 29.4°, seed set was lower than that at 23.9°; and in 4 crosses, was lower at 35.0° than at 29.4°. The 6 cultivars studied were self-incompatible. Differences in seed set observed in reciprocal crosses were probably caused by differential fertility and temperature-sensitivity between pollen and seed parent of the same cultivar. ‘Frosted Pink’, ‘Blonde Princess’, and ‘Kanapaha’ were temperature-sensitive as seed parents; ‘Caballero’ and ‘Crimson Glory’ as pollen parents, and ‘Vulcan’ as both seed and pollen parent.
Fluoride-induced Necrosis of Dracaena deremensis Engler cv. Janet Craig1
Authors: Poole Richard T. , Conover Charles A.
Published: September 2022

Unrooted cuttings of ‘Janet Craig’ Dracaena were propagated in peat amended with various levels and combinations of dolomite, calcium carbonate and superphosphate. Plant damage expressed as leaf chlorosis and necrosis was increased by additions of F contained in the superphosphate. Damage was reduced by dolomite and calcium carbonate with calcium carbonate the most effective. Increased tissue F is related to increased leaf damage.
Aldicarb 10G on Greenhouse Chrysanthemums: Relationships Among Plant Age, Application Methods, and Residues in Foliage, Buds, and Flowers1
Authors: Krueger H. R. , Lindquist R. K. , Tayama H. K. , Kiplinger D. C.
Published: September 2022

Aldicarb 10G [2-methyl-2-(methylthio) propionaldehyde 0 (methyl-carbamoyl) oxime] was applied to 4, 8, and 12-week old potted chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) by applying granules directly to the soil, and by broadcasting granules over wet and dry foliage. Residues in upper and lower foliage, buds and flowers were measured at intervals following treatment. The results showed that residues in mature plants may not reach levels toxic to certain insect and mite pests regardless of application method; residues in upper leaves were highest, regardless of application method; and application to wet foliage resulted in highest residues initially, but which dissipated rapidly.
Crown Gall and Ethylene Content of Rose Plants1
Authors: Paterson D. R. , Lyle E. W. , Earhart D. R.
Published: September 2022

Ethylene (C2H4) was higher in the internal atmosphere of crown gall infected rose bushes than in healthy plants. C2H4 was higher in the crown and root tissues than in the top of normal as well as crown gall infected plants.
Chilling Injury and Decay of Grapefruit as Affected by Thiabendazole, Benomyl, and CO21
Authors: Wardowski W. F. , Albrigo L. G. , Grierson W. , Barmore C. R. , Wheaton T. A.
Published: September 2022

Chilling injury (CI) of ‘Marsh Seedless’ grapefruit was reduced by a preharvest spray of benomyl (Benlate) but not of Vapor Gard (VG) pinolene antitranspirant Postharvest treatments with benomyl and thiabendazole (TBZ) also reduced CI. The effect of high CO2 atmospheres (up to 20%) induced under 0.0254 mm (1 mil) PVC film varied sharply with picking date. CI was almost eliminated in such atmospheres in early and midseason pickings but accentuated in the late (postbloom) picking. Modified atmospheres tended to increase decay regardless of picking date.
Dry-Ashing Temperature, Time, and Sample Size as Variables Influencing Nutrient Concentrations in Citrus Leaf Analysis1
Authors: Labanauskas C. K. , Handy M. F.
Published: September 2022

Zn and K loss was related to increasing temperature, and Cu, Fe, Mg, and P loss was related to the residual carbon in the ash of a standard routine check and reference sample of ‘Valencia’ orange leaves (Citrus sinensis (Linn.) Osbeck). Only Zn showed both loss due to volatilization and analytical loss related to increasing amounts of residual carbon. Mn and Na did not show a clear response to time, temperature, or sample size; B showed a response only at the highest temperature. The magnitude of differences was small, but the measured differences were very highly significant, indicating consistency due to treatment under given sets of conditions.

In a proven dry-ashing procedure widely accepted for citrus leaves in California, best results were obtained when citrus tissue materials were ashed at 550°C for 8 hr, and when sample size was not greater than 2.5 g.
Measuring the Force Required to Detach Strawberry Fruits1
Authors: Brown G. R. , Moore J. N.
Published: September 2022

A Chatillion Fruit and Vegetable Testor (Model 516-1000 MRPFER) was modified and used to measure capping (plugging) percentage, capping force and pedicel breaking force of strawberry fruits. The resulting instrument (“capometer”) proved to be fast, accurate, portable and well adapted to field use. The correlation (significant at 1% level) between capping percentage obtained with the capometer and capping percentage obtained by hand proved the validity of the use of the capometer to measure the fruit detachment forces. Capping percentage and the force required to cap the fruit and to break the pedicel differed significantly among the cultivars tested.
Evaluation of Strawberry Clones for Adaptability to Once-over Mechanical Harvest1
Authors: Moore J. N. , Brown G. R. , Bowden H. L.
Published: September 2022

Weekly yields of hand-harvested strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) were compared with weekly percent ripening concentration and total seasonal yields for 45 to 57 clones during 6 seasons at 2 locations in order to identify the production characteristics useful in selecting genotypes suitable for once-over mechanical harvest High weekly yields were positively correlated with high total seasonal yields in every yearly and location comparison. In contrast, high weekly yields were positively correlated with high weekly percent ripening concentration in only 1 of 9 comparisons. Thus, selection of clones with high total seasonal yields is an efficient method of developing high “once-over” yielding cultivars. High seasonal yields and high weekly percent ripening concentration are independent traits, and the combination of these factors will result in cultivars capable of producing very high single harvest yields.
The Effect of Ringing on Fruit Size, Yield, and Earliness of Determinate Tomato1
Authors: Veliath J. A. , Ferguson A. C.
Published: September 2022

Ringing plants of the determinate tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Summit) with copper wire when fruit had set on 3, 7 and 12 clusters increased early and total yield. Earlier ringing did not produce such increments. Ringing had no effect on fruit size and percent marketable yields.
Effect of Plant Spacing on Single-harvest Yields of Several Broccoli Cultivars1
Authors: Cutcliffe J. A.
Published: September 2022

In general, single-harvest yields increased and spear weight decreased as the distance between broccoli plants (Brassica oleracea L. Italica group) decreased. Cultivars differed considerably in maturity and percentage spears marketable in response to spacing. The best of the 9 cultivars studied for single-harvesting were: ‘Green Duke’, ‘Blue Ocean’, ‘S & G No. 1’ and ‘Atlantic’. It is suggested that these cultivars should be spaced within the range of 30 × 30 cm and 40 × 40 cm for optimum utilization under Prince Edward Island conditions.