bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
تأثير مياه البحر على خصائص المياه الجوفية بمنطقة كعام، شمال غرب ليبيا
Authors: شهوب محمد سعدون , عبد الجليل محمد , عكاشة علي يوسف
Published: June 2023

يقدم البحث دراسة عن تلوث مياه الخزان الجوفي الأول بمياه البحر بمنطقة كعام، وقد اعتمدت هذه الدراسة على الطريقة الكيميائية لتحديد التلوث، حيث تم العمل على عدد (15) بئر في منطقة زراعية مساحتها 36 كم مربع ويبلغ عمق الآبار من 7 إلى 70 متراً تحت سطح الأرض حيث تستعمل مياه هذه الآبار في الأغراض الزراعية والاستهلاك البشري، وقد تم أخذ عينات مياه جوفية من تلك الآبار المتاحة و إجراء التحاليل الكيميائية على تلك العينات والتي منها تركيز ايون الهيدروجين(pH) ، الموصلية الكهربائية (EC) الأملاح الكلية الذائبة (TDS)، الانيونات والكاتيونات (K-Na-Mg-Ca – HCO3 –Cl – SO4 ). أيضا تم تحديد بعض الخواص الهيدروجيولوجية ذات العلاقة بالخزان الجوفي مثل التركيب الجيولوجي لمنطقة الدراسة. ومن خلال النتائج تبين أن الخزان الأول بمنطقة الدراسة تعرض لغزو مياه البحر والذي ربما يعزى غالبا لعمليات الضخ المتزايدة في السابق والذي تسبب في تغلغل مياه البحر بالجزء السفلي من الخزان مسببا تدني نوعية المياه الجوفية بالمنطقة.
Does Type of Food Affect The Prey Preferences of Three-Spined Sticklebacks?
Authors: Hosan Awad Lamin , Fadel Abdalbast H. , Amar Aisha Saleh M.
Published: June 2023

Three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) are carnivorous feeders that can eat a wide variety of foods, although this animal's relatively small size limits its prey choice. An assessment of the diet and feeding patterns of fish can provide helpful insights. In this study, a three-spined sticklebacks model system was used to hypothesize that, whether a number of factors including the prey’s visual appearance in terms of coloration, texture, size, shape, and movement capability of food can affect the preference for food, it might be expected that patterns for food consumption will alter. Therefore, changes in feeding behavior may be caused by the size, color, smell, visibility, and palatability.

The current study examined the effects of host nutrition on the preferences of diet. Here present the results of a diet type study in which fed sticklebacks on a diet of either Artemia spp., Daphnia, or bloodworms (Chironomus larvae). The results showed significant effects of preferences of diet. Further, fish showed preferred bloodworm and Artemia rather than Daphnia. In the total number of different bites consumed, the time (sec) spent by sticklebacks in various diet areas, and the number of visits by sticklebacks to the three diet areas. The results have demonstrated that the influence of factors such as variation in nutritional composition, color, size, coloration, texture, size, and shape as well as the movement of nutrients in the diet has a significant effect on the preferences of diet the fish in the study.
Effect of The Recommended Dose of Dimethoate and Its Double on The Embryos and Testicular Tissues in Male Mice
Authors: Sasi Samira M. , El-Ghoul Nagia M.
Published: June 2023

Exposure to pesticides negatively have associated with many public health hazards infecting humans as infertility, therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dimethoate on testicular cytoarchitecture of treated mice and on the embryos. Albino mice were divided into three groups of 9 each: the first group served as control and was given distilled water orally, whereas the second and third groups were given dimethoate at doses (0.1 and 0.2 mL dimethoate/100 mL distilled water) respectively for 20 days. At the end of the treatment, six mice from each group were weighed and sacrificed, the testis and epididymis weights were recorded, and histopathological lesions of tests were carried out. The obtained results revealed that dimethoate caused a decrease in the body and epididymis weights. Furthermore, dimethoate led to a significant decrease in the number of dead embryos and their weights. Histopathological examination demonstrated that this pesticide caused marked alterations in the microstructure of testicular tissues appeared as vacuoles, disorganization of the germinal epithelium, and degenerative changes in some seminiferous tubules as well as its effect on the embryos, therefore, more efforts should be conducted to protect our environment and health from these detrimental compounds and the search for safe methods for insect control.
The Behavior of Lateral Crushed of Corrugated Composite Plates
Authors: Elbkory Khalid A. , Al ssahly Fathi A.
Published: June 2023

An experimental investigation was conducted to compare the crash characteristics and energy absorption capacity of a series of composite plate specimens with different corrugation profiles, these are sinusoidal triangles, and squares with flat composite plates placed at the top and bottom of corrugated plates. All these specimens were fabricated from glass fibers with the hand layup technique. Each profile has three different types of specimens: single plates, double plates, and triple plates. The corrugated plates are fixed over each other and subjected to the same kind of compression load. All these models have been exposed to lateral crushing load and then the collapse of these models has been observed and the results have been recorded. Finally; all the results obtained in this research were recorded and discussed. It is found that the highest value of specific energy of absorption was (1.579 kJ/kg) recorded for the level two square profile specimen. However, the lowest value (0.401 kJ/kg) was recorded for the level one sinusoidal profile specimen.
Review of Potential Effects of Oil Spills on Coastal and Marine Resources on Western Libyan Coastal
Authors: Shehada Mohamed F. , Omar Mohamed Y. , Mehanna Ahmed K. , Sharedy Mousa S.
Published: June 2023

An oil spill can significantly affect coastal resources and the economy through economic activities that depend on clean seawater, coastal areas, and tourist sites, which may cause substantial economic losses after oil spills. However, this effect usually depends on the volume and type of oil spill and how sensitive it is to coastal and marine resources. Libya has one of the important Mediterranean marine biodiversity hotspots, which is the western Libyan coast that extends from western Tripoli city to the Gulf of Gabes with Tunisia. This work considers some of the effects of oil spills on a variety of coastal industries and social activities. In addition, this work provides a systematic literature review of biological, economic, and cultural resources and their sensitivity to oil spill scenarios on this coast. The findings of this work help provide a basis for the definition of priorities for protection to develop the capacity to respond to oil spills on the Libyan coast.
Determine of Nitrogen Dioxide Emissions over Khuoms City in Libya Using MODIS and TROPOMI Satellites
Authors: Ageel Dawi Muftah
Published: June 2023

Sentinel-5 Forerunner (S-5P), carrying the TROPO round recognition Instrument (TROPOMI) nadir-viewing crystal spectroscope, is that the beginning mission of the Copernicus Program committed to the recognition of air quality. Within the given data the TROPOMI tropospheric gas (NO2) level-2 (L2) item has been substantially over capably sullied urban districts by comparison with coincident high-resolution MODIS remote detecting observations (1 km×1 km). Satellite products may be ideally surveyed backed by 5 bands, as an out-measured amount of lackey pixels may be completely mapped within the system of the S-5P approval campaign over Khumos town in Libya. Each piece of information was taken in 2020 over a power station in Khuoms city in Libya, for mapping the level dissemination of tropospheric NO2, each image pixel was fully covered by approximately 370 to 700 nm for visible spectrum (MODIS and TROPOMI pixels). The TROPOMI and MODIS NO2 emissions were similar in concept, the regression analysis of both data with well correlated (R2= 0.87), and there is a negative relationship (−0.03×1015 molec/cm2) recorded when clouds and dust were prevalent over the study area. From the results obtained from MODIS and TROPOMI data, nitrogen dioxide emissions were high to medium (6.6 to 3.2×1015 molec/cm2) at their source and five kilometers from the source, while the rest of the study area ranged from (2.2 to 0.15×1015 molec/cm2) low to very low.
LB Films of Octadecanoyl Hydroxamic Acid as Barrier against Copper Corrosion
Authors: Al-Taher Faraj A. , Shaglouf Mukhtar M.
Published: June 2023

Free of ions of Octadecanoyl monohydroxamic acid (C18N) and in the presence of Fe3+ ion multilayers were deposited on the copper surface as Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. Their inhibiting effect on copper corrosion was investigated in 0.1 M sodium sulfate solution by different techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization and by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). As well as that, the copper surfaces were visualized using a Scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the highest inhibition efficiency (92%) was achieved by LB film of 5 monomolecular layers of C18N/Fe3+. The LB films work as a cathodic inhibitor which inhibits the cathodic reaction.

The presence of Fe3+ ions significantly improves the inhibition efficiency through the formation of a more compact dense layer of C18N/Fe3+ complex that blocks the flux of aggressive ions to the metal surface. The effect of immersion time on the inhibiting characteristics of LB films on the copper surfaces was studied.
دراسة تأثير صرف مياه الصرف الصحي غير المعالجة على خصائص مياه ورسوبيات شاطئ البحر بمدينة زليتن، غرب ليبيا
Authors: موسى رمضان علي
Published: June 2023

هدفت الدراسة إلى تحليل مجموعة من عينات مياه ورسوبيات شاطئ مدينة زليتن بالمنطقة المتواجدة بالقرب من مخرج تصريف مياه الصرف الصحي غير المعالج، وكذلك عينات للمياه من مسافات متباعدة داخل البحر و ومقارنتها بنتائج الدراسات السابقة وذلك لمعرفة مستوى تلوث مياه البحر والرسوبيات بمنطقة الدراسة. تم تجميع عدد 10 عينات للمياه السطحية وعدد 17 عينة للترب الرسوبية، تم قياس كل من الموصلية الكهربائية (EC) وقيم الأس الهيدروجيني (pH) ومستوى الأملاح الذائبة الكلية (TDS) لعينات مياه البحر، كما تم تحديد الحجم الحبيبي لعينات رسوبيات البحر، كما تم قياس تراكيز العناصر الثقيلة في كليهما والمتمثلة في عناصر النحاس والرصاص والزنك والكادميوم. بينت نتائج الدراسة أن الأملاح الذائبة الكلية تراوحت ما بين 35.1  و37.8 جم/لتر بمياه البحر قيد الدراسة بالقرب من مخرج صرف مياه الصرف الصحي لمياه البحر وتبين أن مياه الصرف الصحي تعمل على خفض تركيز الأملاح الذائبة الكلية بمنطقة المصب، حيث تزداد الملوحة باتجاه البحر تدريجيا كلما ابتعدنا عن مواضع القاء مياه الصرف الصحي كما أن قيم التوصيل الكهربي ازدادت بزيادة الأملاح الذائبة الكلية. وكذلك بينت نتائج دراسة رسوبيات الشاطئ قيد الدراسة تدرج رماله ما بين الرمل الناعم و الرمل المتوسط، حيث يتراوح التصنيف ما بين جيد الفرز والجيد جداً ويتراوح تماثل توزيع أحجام رواسب الشاطئ ما بين الحيود السالب والموجب وهو متماثل في أغلبه.  وبصفة عامة تتعرض رمال الشاطئ  بمنطقة الدراسة لمستويات مختلفة من الطاقة. وأن تراكيز العناصر الثقيلة لرسوبيات الشاطئ  ملوثة بعناصر الكادميوم و النحاس و الرصاص و الزنك؛ بأعلى قيمها غرب مرسى الصيد عند التقاء مياه الصرف الصحي بمياه البحر حيث توجد الطاقة الأقل لمياه البحر والرسوبيات الأنعم نسبيا، وهذا يشير إلى تأثر مياه البحر والرسوبيات بالقرب من مصب مياه الصرف الصحي بما تحيه من عناصر ثقيلة ناجمة عن عمليات صرف مياه الصرف الصحي غير المعالجة.
تحليل الوضع التنافسي لمحطات الحاويات باستخدام مصفوفة التحليل الرباعي (دراسة حالة)
Authors: قردش أشرف علي , الفالح فالح عبدالرحمن , الصهيبي سعود بن هذال , قاجوم أبوبكر عبدالله , إسماعيل أحمد
Published: June 2023

بظهور النقل بالحاويات ووسائل النقل متعدد الوسائط في عملية النقل، أصبح لزامًا على الموانئ أن تقوم بتطوير خدماتها المقدمة. يعد الميناء نقطة البداية والنهاية للنقل البحري؛ كما أنه أهم نقطة في سلسلة النقل الدولي. وبلغت نسبة البضائع المنقولة بحراً نسبة تجاوزت 80% من حجم التجارة العالمية، وبالتالي أصبح نشاط الحاويات يشكل أهمية بالغة في عالم النقل البحري لاسيما نتيجة التطور الهائل الحادث في صناعة النقل البحري منذ البدء بالعمل بنظام التحوية، فلقد شهد العالم تطوراً متسارعاً وكبيراً في هذا المجال. يصنف البحث كونه بحث وصفي وكمي من خلال إجراء المقارنات وتجميع البيانات وتحليلها، ويعد هذا البحث أحد البحوث التي تفردت في تخصيص موضوع البحث حول محطة عدن للحاويات تحديدًا من خلال دراسة وتحليل أسباب تراجع دورها التنافسي مقارنةً بمحطات الحاويات المنافسة وذلك خلال العام 2021م.
Blood Parasites of Toads (Amietophrynus regularis) in Al-Sorojia and Jebel Aulia, Khartoum State, Sudan
Authors: Mohamed Ola Ahmed El-aabid Hamad , Osman Omran Fadl
Published: June 2023

The present study was conducted to detect and identify blood parasites infecting toads Amietophrynus (Bufo) regulariss and find out the association between the infection of the parasites and host factors sex, length, body weight, and age. One hundred and twenty Amietophyrnus (Bufo) regularis (99 males and 21 females) were collected from May to August 2016 in two localities in Khartoum State (Al-Sorojia and Jebel Aulia). They were examined for blood parasites using blood films stained in Giemsa’s. A total of 77 (64.16%) of specimens were infected by 880 parasitic protozoa made-up of 879 (99.89%). Apicomplexa composed of Haemogregina spp. (89.66%), Hepatozoon spp. (10.22%), and 1 (0.11%) Kinteoplastides composed of Trypanosoma spp., while 43 (35.83%) were uninfected. No nematodes were recovered. The infection rate based on sex shows that females significantly (χ2 =12.520, p≤0.05) have a higher rate of infection than males. For the toad maturity, there was a significant difference in the infection rate between the mature group and the immature (χ2 =19.471, p=0.003). The infection rate increases with decreasing of weight and length with a negative correlation (rs = –0.022, p = 0.814 and rs = –0.004, p = 0.966, respectively). This study showed a high level of parasitic infection in African common toads in Khartoum State which contributed to the decline in amphibian populations. Further research on amphibian parasitism and its threats to human health is warranted.
A Review on Cold Cracking Phenomenon in High Strength Steel Welded Joints (Causes and Cures)
Authors: Tawengi Abdalla S. Ahmed
Published: June 2023

Welding engineering becomes essentially important in all fabricating branches, such as; oil pipelines, ship industry, oil platforms, vehicle industry, oil tanks, and more applications. Hydrogen-induced cracking related to welding could be a source of genuine harm to welded structures. In this manner, it may be a common topic in such areas and its avoidance is an imperative issue. Steel weldability, with respect to cold cracking, is relative to steel hardenability, which indicates the forming of hard and fragile martensitic microstructure. The most perfect way to dodge martensite is by abating the cooling rate of the parent metal and warming the heat-affected zone. There are numerous arrangements to avoid the over issue, two of them are: preheating and the utilization of fewer hydrogen consumables. The current paper surveys a few of past and later inquiries that are coordinated towards getting a more coherent understanding of the impact of welding parameters on cold breaking shirking, centering especially on the impact of preheating technique and diffusible hydrogen levels on cold cracks of different steel types. However, one of the foremost vital discoveries of this ponder is that resistance to hydrogen-induced cracks has for the most part progressed in numerous steel types, and the required ways to dodge cold cracks by control of the welding conditions are well set up.
Effects Sequential Usage of Coagulations (Ferric Chloride or Alum) and Fenton's Solution or Biochar on Removal Phenolic Compounds and Organic Load from Olive Mill Wastewater
Authors: Bushnaf Khaled Mohammed Mossa , Okasha Aly Youssef , Alhuweemdi Sulayman Omar
Published: June 2023

The chemical properties of the wastewater of 17 olive mills in the area between Al-Dafniyah into Qaraboli in the west of Libya were studied and chemical coagulants such as alum, ferric chloride, chemical oxidation, and biochar were used to remove the organic load and phenolic compounds from this water. The results showed that the wastewater of the olive mill is highly acidic with an average pH of 5.15 and its high content of solids reached 192 g/L, while the average of dissolved solids was 63.5 g/L and the organic solids were about 90% of the total solids and the average of chemical oxygen demand is 104.9 g O2/L, and the concentration of phenolic compounds is high and it was 1.86 g /L.  In addition, the results showed that the usage of Ferric chloride as a coagulant gave higher removal percentage of phenolic compounds, dissolved solids, and chemical oxygen demand in comparison with Alum in the pH range of 6-9. The removal percentage was higher in alkaline pH, especially for phenolic compounds. Moreover, increasing the amount of the coagulant from 2 to 16 g/L enhanced the removal of phenolic compounds and chemical oxygen demand, while the removal efficiency of dissolved solids was weak, which required the use of chemical oxidation and adsorption on biochar to improve the efficiency of the removal. Although sequential treatments by coagulants and chemical oxidation by Fenton solution or biochar improved the percentage of removal in biochar treatments compared to chemical oxidation, the concentration of pollutants is still high for disposal, especially phenolic compounds. As a result of that, these methods need more studies to improve them. Langmuir and Freundlich’s models gave a good describing the adsorption of phenolic compounds on the surface of biochar. However, the adsorption capacity is low compared to the scientific literature, because this study uses raw olive mill wastewater with a high organic load, which causes competition between these substances on the adsorption sites or inhibits adsorption by depositing them on the surface of the biochar.
Simulation of the Emission and Dispersion of Gaseous Pollutants Emitted from Power Plant and the Potential Environmental Impacts: A Case Study
Authors: Slama Fatma A. , Aboabboud Mohamed M. , Ibrahim Hesham G.
Published: June 2023

The polluting gas flow and emission levels emitted from the Zawia combined Power Plant (ZCPP) in-northwestern Libya were estimated using an Aspen-Hysys v.8.0 simulator which was performed for the plant based on the actual operating conditions of the power plant in steady state operation. Then, the air dispersion modeling tool (Disper V4.0 software) was used to estimate the concentration of these pollutants emitted throughout the surrounding areas, and the WAR algorithm v.1.0.17 was used to check the potential environmental impacts of the gas emissions from ZCPP. Simulation results for the studied power unit showed that the thermal efficiency and net energy output are equivalent to the realistic values of the unit, which indicates that the estimated emission concentration is identical to the real emissions from this unit and that the primary emitted pollutant is nitrogen oxides, whose values exceeded the selected international standard limits. Based on the seasonal climatic conditions of the region, the results of simulating the dispersion of nitrogen oxides showed that the emissions reach areas far from the emission source with high-level concentrations, which may have negative effects on the environment and public health according to WHO standards and previous studies related to air quality. According to the current scientific literature, the results of the eight indicator values derived from the WAR algorithm of the total production rate confirm the potential environmental impacts of the power plant per hour as environmentally harmful. Moreover, the amount of carbon dioxide emitted from the combustion process increases the greenhouse effect. The main conclusion reveals that the atmospheric air of the surrounding regions of Zawia city is polluted with nitrogen oxides resulting from the studied power plant as one of the primary sources of nitrogen oxides in the study area, which may have a negative impact on the environment and the health of the inhabitants.
دراسة تعريف وتواجد النوع Cymbula safiana (La marck, 1819) من بطنيات القدم على الشواطئ الصخرية بالساحل الغربي الليبي
Authors: البب حنان الهادي
Published: June 2023

تتواجد Cymbula safiana المهددة بالانقراض حسب منظمة United Nation Development Program (UNEP) في الشواطئ الصخرية بالساحل الغربي الليبي للبحر الأبيض المتوسط، والهدف من هذه الدراسة هو وصف وتعريف لتواجد النوع C. safiana في بعض شواطئ منطقة الزاوية من ساحل البحر الأبيض المتوسط. أُجريت خمس رحلات لشواطئ (جودائم، ديلة "الزاوية المدينة"، المطرد، صرمان وصبراتة) من شهر ديسمبر 2018 إلى أبريل 2019. تم جمع 101 عينة من بين مناطق المد والجزر بطريقة التجميع العشوائي من كل شواطئ منطقة الدراسة. تشير النتائج بأنه سُجل تواجد النوع C. safiana في أربع شواطئ محل الدراسة، وكانت كالتالي في شاطئ جودائم بنسبة 19.8%، شاطئ ديلة 39.6%، شاطئ صرمان 26.7%، وشاطئ صبراتة بواقع 13.9%، مع عدم تواجده في شاطئ المطرد قد يكون لكثرة الانشطة التجارية والصناعية في حفر الشواطئ الصخرية. ورغم أن هذا النوع اللافقاري يعتبر مهددا بالانقراض في الشواطئ الصخرية لساحل ليبيا، إلا أنه نادرًا ما كان هذا النوع موضوعًا للدراسة في شواطئ الساحل الليبي، ولهذا توصي نتاج هذه الدراسة بإجراء دراسات مستفيضة للنوع وتوزيعه على طول الشاطئ الصخري لليبيا.
دراسة لأهم المظاهر الجيومرفولوجية للسواحل البحرية بمناطق (الخمس، كعام، زليتن)، ليبيا
Authors: الشوشان إسماعيل الفرجاني , القرمادي صلاح الدين موسى
Published: June 2023

تضمنت الدراسة الحالية توثيق أهم المظاهر الجيومرفولوجية بمناطق محددة لسواحل مدن الخمس وكعام وزليتن الواقعة شرق مدينة طرابلس. تم استخدام كاميرا رقمية عالية الدقة من نوع Nokia وذلك لأجل الحصول على صور عالية الجودة. اشتملت الظواهر الجيومرفولوجية بمناطق الدراسة على نوعين رئيسيين وذلك حسب العمليات الجيولوجية التي أدت إلى نشأتها، الظواهر الناتجة بفعل الترسيب البحري (depositional features) والظواهر الناتجة بفعل عمليات النحت (erosional features)، تميزت سواحل مدينة الخمس في النقاط المدروسة بانبساطها وقلة ارتفاع الجروف المطلة عليها والتي تتلاشى في معظم الأحيان لتفتح المجال أمام منطقتي الشاطئ والبلاج فتصبح أكثر اتساعاً. أما سواحل منطقتي كعام وزليتن بالأخص فقد تميزت بانحدارها وقلة انبساطها نتيجة لتدرج منطقة الساحل واقتراب الجروف العالية الارتفاع لخط الساحل مما نتج عليه ضيق نطاق كل من الشاطئ والبلاج. كما أدى ارتفاع هذه الجروف وشدة انحدارها وتكوينها الصخري الهش والغير متماسك وشدة تأثير أمواج البحر وخاصة في فصول الشتاء إلى حدوث الانهيارات والانزلاقات وكذلك عمليات الزحف لهذه الجروف؛ الأمر الذي نتج عليه تراجعها وانتشار الكتل والفتاتات الصخرية عند أقدام هذه الجروف لتصبح عرضة لفعل التيارات البحرية والأمواج على نطاق الشاطئ أو البلاج. بصفة عامة، يمكن اعتبار سواحل مدينة الخمس سواحل بحرية منخفضة تغطيها الرمال والحصى الصغير وبعض الكثبان الرملية بينما يغلب على سواحل منقطتي كعام وزليتن المرتفعة (coasts of emergence) الغطاء الصخري  (rocky beaches).
Diferencias estacionales a nivel de comunidad, gremio trófico y ensamblaje de la diversidad de murciélagos en un paisaje agrícola ecuatoriano
Authors: Pozo-Rivera Wilmer E. , Arce-Carriel Marcelo R. , Berovides-Álvarez Vicente , Ricardo-Nápoles Nancy
Published: June 2023

Los estudios sobre la murciélagos en paisajes agrícolas no han analizado la relación entre las variables ambientales y esta diversidad; por lo tanto, en este artículo, evaluamos los efectos estacionales sobre la abundancia, la riqueza y la estructura de la comunidad de murciélagos en un paisaje agrícola del noroeste ecuatoriano. Durante cuatro años, recolectamos murciélagos en agrosistemas de un paisaje agrícola, calculamos la abundancia, la riqueza y los índices de diversidad en relación con dos estaciones climáticas. Para definir las diferencias entre estaciones climáticas y meses usamos la prueba no paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis. Durante el estudio registramos 343 individuos pertenecientes a 20 especies de murciélagos; la diversidad alfa no presentó diferencias significativas entre estaciones ni meses. La riqueza y la abundancia relativa de los gremios tróficos fueron significativamente más altos en octubre (estación seca) que en febrero (estación lluviosa). Las curvas rango-abundancia mostraron que los ensambles de la estación seca exhibieron alta riqueza, equitatividad y número de especies raras. A pesar de que los índices que representan la estructura de la comunidad no cambiaron significativamente entre las estaciones o meses del año, las curvas de rango-abundancia demostraron que el ensamblaje de la estación seca exhibió la mayor diversidad de murciélagos.
Identidad y comentarios al Arctibius floresii de Bonaparte, 1847
Authors: Tirira Diego G.
Published: June 2023

En la búsqueda por el conocimiento de la historia de la mastozoología ecuatoriana encontré una publicación de 1847 que ignoraba. Se trata de la descripción de un murciélago filostómido referido como Arctibius floresii. Si bien, no es posible determinar su identidad específica, la publicación tiene singulares características, entre ellas, el ser una especie dedicada al general Juan José Flores, el primer presidente de la República del Ecuador.
Parasitic Egg detection from Microscopic images using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: V Dr.Savitha , M Dr.Karthick , Kalaikumaran Dr.T
Published: June 2023

The most common test for parasitic infection diagnosis is stool parasitological testing. The use of the Kato-Katz method in the preparation of slides for the development of the image bank discussed here was extremely important. Other authors' studies on the same topic were discussed. Various parasite eggs of various species were created. Then the binary and multiclass classifier architectures were empirically defined, and each model was implemented. The performance of the classifiers was evaluated using metrics recommended in the literature for both empirically defined and transfer learning architectures. Finally, experiments were conducted to improve the system's performance by allowing binary and multiclass models to communicate. This data was used to build a database of 66 parasite egg photos from various species. Using data augmentation techniques, a total of 48,000 photos were collected. The examined measures all reached 99.9%. Despite some species' eggs sharing morphological similarities, the second method correctly classified each egg with a 99.9% hit rate. The problems addressed received a 99.9% rating on the evaluation measures used to assess them. The method can also be applied to a larger number of helminth species and detection technologies using the same procedures.
Léxico jurídico en la documentación del Bierzo (siglos XIII y XIV): servicios, tributos y rentas
Authors: Sánchez González de Herrero M.ª Nieves , Marcet Rodríguez Vicente J.
Published: June 2023

In this paper we carry out an analysis of the words related to the services, levies and rents included in the documentation of the 13th and 14th centuries from the monastery of San Andrés de Espinareda, in El Bierzo. The geographical location of the monastery, on the linguistic border that divides El Bierzo in two halves, explains the linguistic hybridism of the documents, in which the typical phenomena of the peninsular Western abound (shared between Galician and Leonese) and those exclusive to Leonese. A detailed analysis of the texts allows us to observe both coincidences with the lexicon spread over large areas of Castile (such as jantares, nuncio, mañería and séneras, together with the generic foros or fueros, rentas, dereitos or derechos), as well as the presence of other words of restricted use in the West of the Peninsula (such as lombos, coutos britados or britamiento de coutos).

En este artículo realizamos un análisis de las voces relacionadas con los servicios, tributos y rentas recogidas en la documentación de los siglos XIII y XIV procedente del monasterio de San Andrés de Espinareda, en El Bierzo. La situación geográfica del monasterio, en la frontera lingüística que divide El Bierzo en dos mitades, explica el hibridismo lingüístico de los documentos, en los que abundan los fenómenos propios del occidente peninsular (compartidos entre el gallego y el leonés) y aquellos exclusivos del leonés. Un análisis detallado de los textos nos permite observar tanto coincidencias con el léxico extendido por amplias áreas de Castilla (como jantares, nuncio, mañería y séneras, junto con los genéricos foros o fueros, rentas, dereitos o derechos), como la presencia de otras voces de uso más restringido al occidente peninsular (como lombos, coutos britados o britamiento de coutos).
Mariano Baquero, tantos años después
Authors: Sánchez Rosillo Eloy
Published: June 2023

I met him in 1971, and I saw him and dealt with him regularly from that year until shortly before his death: first, as his student during three courses at the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters at the University of Murcia; immediately after, because of my work in the Department of Spanish Literature of this center, which he directed.

Lo conocí en 1971, y lo vi y traté con regularidad desde ese año hasta muy poco antes de su muerte: primero, como alumno suyo durante tres cursos en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Murcia; inmediatamente después, en razón de mi trabajo en el Departamento de Literatura Española de este centro, que él dirigía.
Baquero Goyanes y La Regenta
Authors: Pozuelo Yvancos José María
Published: June 2023

This study analyses three successive moments in Mariano Baquero Goyanes’ critical and historiographical interventions on Clarín’s La Regenta, situating them inthe context of the preceding criticism. Since the first important study appeared in 1952, Mariano Baquero has modified the state of the critical question, for which the chapter dedicated to the novelist Leopoldo Alasin the Historia General de las Literaturas hispánicas of 1958 was fundamental: the first time that Clarín was treated in detail and with prominence in a History of Literature.Finally, the article analyses the introductorystudy that Baquero wrote in 1984 for hisedition of La Regenta, comparing it with thecontemporaries of Gonzalo Sobejano andJuan Oleza.

Este estudio analiza tres momentos sucesivos de las intervenciones críticas e historiográficas de Mariano Baquero Goyanes sobre La Regenta de Clarín, situándolas en el contexto de la critica precedente. Desde el primer estudio importante aparecido en 1952 Mariano Baquero modifico el estado de la cuestión crítica para lo que fue fundamental el capítulo dedicado al Leopoldo Alas novelista en la Historia General de las Literaturas hispánicas de 1958, primera vez que Clarín fue tratado con pormenor y relieve en una Historia de la Literatura. Por último, el articulo analiza el estudio Introductorio que Baquero escribió en 1984 para su edición de La Regenta, comparándolo con los coetáneos de Gonzalo Sobejano y Juan Oleza.
Integral Approach to Vulnerability Assessment of Ship’s Critical Equipment and Systems
Authors: Melnyk Oleksiy , Onyshchenko Svitlana , Onishchenko Oleg , Lohinov Oleh , Ocheretna Valentyna
Published: June 2023

The digital transformation of the maritime industry is almost a fait accompli. Merchant ships today use computing and cyber-dependent technologies for navigation, communications, cargo operations, environmental monitoring, and many other purposes. Nowadays, entire industries and businesses are becoming increasingly dependent on data arrays, and the maritime sector is fully experiencing this transformation.  A modern commercial ship is unthinkable without digital technology, and the reasons for the deep digitalization of the fleet are numerous. Emergency systems such as safety monitoring, fire detection and alarms are increasingly reliant on cyber technology. Therefore, cybersecurity is a critical component of ship and shipping safety, and cyber-attacks on maritime transport are a very likely problem. These risks will only increase with the further development of information technology. This article proposes approaches to identifying cyber threats as well as a probabilistic assessment of ship cybersecurity, which is based on an integral approach to assessing the vulnerability of shipboard critical equipment and systems. Estimated probabilities of target and non-target cybersecurity breaches of the ship, as well as their overall probability, which allows considering all chains of events leading to a certain consequence associated with potential losses. The model of probability assessment of ship cybersecurity violation and its consequences, which allows evaluation of possible losses as a result of these events, is presented and mathematically described.
Professional Identity of Indonesian VTS Operators
Authors: Lumban Batu Purnama NF , Cahyaningrum Wida
Published: June 2023

The research aims to identify the attitude of Indonesian VTS operators toward their profession. Thus, it focuses on identifying several factors that affect the construction of their professional identity (PI) to understand better their reason for pursuing the job. The analysis is based on factors, i.e., self-image, social recognition, attitude toward change, professional competence, and expectations about the profession in the future. It employs a qualitative approach, using an open-ended questionnaire to obtain the data from 12 VTS operators who participated in a VTS supervisor training program. The results indicate that the participants have positive attitude towards their profession. Participants are found to demonstrate strong professional identity. The VTS operators are driven by their self-recognition, how they see their job as a calling instead of just a job. It is mainly shaped by the skills and efforts of the VTS operators reflecting their willingness and courage to embrace the profession.
Incorporation of Dry Ports into the National Transport Policy: A Proposal for International Trade Acceleration
Authors: Jeevan Jagan , Othman Rosni , Harun Madzli , Selvaduray Mahendrran , Mohd Zain Rosmaizura
Published: June 2023

The Malaysian National Transport Policy (NTP) aims to develop a conducive ecosystem for the transport sector, facilitate seamless cargo movement, promote public mobility, enhance public transport competitiveness, and build an intelligent and green transport system. However, the policy does not comprehensively cover the lack of assimilation of inland components with the seaport system. To close the gaps, this paper thoroughly discusses the three main objectives proposed for the study: first, to understand the current practicability status of the Malaysian NTP; second, to identify policy limitations concerning the integration of seaports and dry ports in Malaysia; third, to give constructive insights for future strategies to upgrade the Malaysian NTP for national and international trade development. This study adopted a traditional literature review method incorporated with an integrative literature review analysis (ILRA) to scrutinise literature analysis. The findings of this paper indicate that Malaysia should develop a novel and comprehensive seaport-inland policy model integrated with the existing NTP model. Integrating dry ports with the seaport system is crucial to determining NTP sustainability and enriching the nation with an effective transportation system.
DISCOUNT RATE AS A MEASURE OF MONETARY POLICY FOR MARKET STABILIZATION - EXAMPLE OF THE NATIONAL BANK OF SERBIA
Authors: Topić Pavković Branka , Staka Mirjana
Published: June 2023

The increase in interest rate is related to the efforts of monetary authorities to neutralize inflationary pressures; while the rate reduction can be interpreted as an invitation to business sector to access more favorable lending conditions. The effectiveness of these changes largely depends on the development level of financial system, the role of the central bank as a creditor and current economic situation. In this research an econometric regression double-logarithmic model was applied, with the main goal of examining the relationship between discount rate and its influence on interest rates and money supply on the example of the National Bank of Serbia. The results show the correlation between the NBS discount rate and interest rates of commercial banks and the amount of money in circulation, indicating their influence on market stability.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED RETAIL FIRMS IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Mamaro Lenny Phulong , Mabandla Ndonwabile Zimasa
Published: June 2023

The objective of the study was to analyse the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial performance of selected listed retail firms in South Africa. The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative effect on economic growth and resulted in a severe decline in the financial performance of companies. In addition, it disrupted many business and economic development opportunities in South Africa. The study was conducted to investigate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial performance of selected retail firms listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). Panel data analysis was adopted as a methodology to achieve the study objectives. The COVID-19 pandemic was found to have exerted a statistically significant negative impact on financial performance. Positive significant relationships emerged between financial leverage, firm size, financial liquidity and financial performance of selected JSE-listed retail firms. Lastly, growth in sales was found to be positive but exerted a weak significance on financial performance. The study contributes to the existing literature on the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial performance of listed retail entities in South Africa.
Inside help from the microbiome
Authors: Agrawal Sneha , Broderick Nichole A
Published: June 2023

Elucidating the role of one of the proteins produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum reveals a new molecule that allows this gut bacterium to support the development of fruit fly larvae.
Stability of Midline Diastema Closure by Frenectomy and Orthodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Siva Suvetha , Kishore Shreya , Ravi Janani
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Midline diastema is one of the most common aesthetic complaints in mixed and sometimes in permanent dentition stage. High frenal attachment is the major aetiological factor causing midline spacing. Combined frenectomy and orthodontic treatment can be done to close the midline diastema which may also increase the stability and reduce relapse. Aim: To assess the stability of midline diastema closure by using frenectomy and orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted about clinical trials showing the stability of midline diastema closure by using frenectomy and orthodontic treatment, articles were searched from 1995 to 2022. A total of 521 articles were retrieved. Among these 433 articles were screened. The risk of bias was assessed for all the studies included in this review. Results: A total of five studies were included in the systematic review which has clinical trials showing the stability of midline diastema closure in patients having midline diastema of at least 0.5 mm. Four studies using orthodontic treatment has shown some amount of relapse and one study using orthodontic treatment and frenectomy has shown prominent closure of median diastema. Conclusion: Closure of maxillary median diastema is more prominent when it is performed by using combined frenectomy and orthodontic treatment than orthodontic treatment alone and the risk of relapse is minimal. However, furthermore clinical studies are required to confirm the stability of midline diastema closure by using orthodontic treatment and frenectomy.
Traumatic Intraoral Herniation of Buccal Fat Pad: A Case Report
Authors: Kedia Daksh Manish , Kshirsagar Rajesh , Nair Vivek , Jha Gaurav
Published: June 2023

Intraoral herniation of the Buccal Fat Pad (BFP) is a rarely encountered injury in the paediatric group population. A 24-month-old girl was brought to the Emergency Department by her parents. The parents reported an alleged history of intraoral trauma while playing with a wooden ice-cream stick approximately 14 hours ago. The intraoral examination revealed a yellowish blood-tinged pedunculated mass of soft tissue which was non tender, non pulsatile and appeared to be emanating from the left buccal mucosa. She was immediately hospitalised and necessary investigations were performed. The patient was taken up for surgical intervention under general anaesthesia. The protruding mass, an extension of the BFP, was thoroughly cleansed and repositioned into its normal anatomic position through the existing laceration. The site healed with no post-operative complication in spite of the delayed repositioning.
A Study on Clinical Empathy among Undergraduate Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study from Malappuram District, Kerala, India
Authors: Fasila MM , Ramachandran Remya , Sunena VC , Lamees KC
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Mercer and Reynolds defined empathy as the ability to understand the patient’s situation, perspective, and feelings, communicate that understanding, check its accuracy, and act on that understanding with the patient in a helpful way. Clinical empathy is shown to boost patient’s feelings of satisfaction, which helps with compliance. The results of earlier research have been mostly contradictory, with some studies demonstrating an increase in empathy and others showing no change or a decline. Aim: To assess clinical empathy among medical students and to study the associated factors with it. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Community Medicine, MES Medical College, Perinthalmanna, Malappuram, Kerala, India, over a duration of four months from December 2018 to April 2019. The english version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy-S questionnaire (JSE-S) was used to assess clinical empathy. The JSE is a selfadministered inventory that contains 20 questions, half of which were negatively phrased, while the other half were positively phrased. The students were asked to mark one out of seven options provided on a Likert scale in response to each item. The scale was reversed for negatively phrased items. Permission to use the questionnaire was obtained. The data collected was coded and entered in MS Excel and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Baseline characteristics of the study subjects were explained in terms of frequency, percentage, mean and SD. Appropriate statistical techniques including t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were applied to compare the means of two independent groups and more than two independent groups respectively. Pearson’s correlation test was applied to study the relation between two quantitative variables, age and empathy score. The p-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the study population was 21.36±1.54 years. A total of 360 participants, 263 (73%) were females, 251 (69.7%) of the study subjects were in the age group of 21 to 23 years. A total of 189 (52.5%) of the study participants chose people oriented specialty. The total mean JSE-S empathy score was 105.8±18.5. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) in mean empathy scores among different age groups, gender and the academic year. Conclusion: Importance should be given to encourage every single individual from the primary level of understanding to matured state of mind to become empathetic. Clinical empathy should be nurtured starting from the commencement of the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) curriculum and beyond.
Screening for Latent and Active Tuberculosis in Paediatric Contacts of Tuberculosis Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Narang Gursharan Singh , Malhotra Preeti , Puri Rahul , Kumar Ashwani
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Globally, World Health Organisation (WHO) estimate suggests that, one million cases of Tuberculosis (TB) occur among children (approximate 10% of the total 9.6 million TB cases). As per Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), high importance and priority is given to the household contacts and paediatric age group (especially <6 years). Since, transmission can happen at any time from index case to the contact (before diagnosis or during treatment), all contacts of TB patients should be screened. Aim: To focus on the screening of paediatric contacts of TB positive patients by Mantoux test and to find out active and latent TB. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics at Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India. The duration of the study was 16 months, from February 2020 to June 2021. Participants, who were proven cases, either sputum positive or clinically diagnosed and were less than 18 years of age were included. Contacts in whom Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) had been started were excluded. The candidates who tested Mantoux positive and had symptoms of TB were further screened by following test chest X-ray, Ultrasonography (USG) abdomen, Microscopy for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB), Cartridge Based Nucliec Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT), Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) analysis and contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The data collected was analysed statistically with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 and the level of significance was determined p-value <0.05 as insignificant, p-value >0.05 as significant and p-value <0.001 as highly significant. Results: A total of 82 contacts were included. Out of these, 60 children had no organ system involvement, whilst 11 had lymphadenopathy, five had respiratory involvement and six had abdominal involvement. Out of 82 contacts, 23 children tested Mantoux positive and 59 tested negative. Out of 23 Mantoux positive contacts 16 (19.51%) had latent TB and only 1 (2.44%) had active TB. Conclusion: A significant number of children in contact with TB positive patients were found to have latent TB, and it is possible that, there can be activation from latent to active TB later on in these children.
MR Neuroimaging Findings in Adult Diabetic Patients- Two Case Reports
Authors: Gudlani Vishal Rajkumar , Titare Prashant , Pooja M , Kaginalkar Varsha Rote-
Published: June 2023

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) can affect any part of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Significant variations in glucose levels are often symptomatic. Hypoglycaemia as well as hyperglycaemia can present a wide variety of clinical symptoms. Imaging helps by suggesting the correct diagnosis and ensuring early treatment. We hereby present two cases, one of hypoglycaemic encephalopathy and a case of diabetic striatopathy. A 40-year-old female with a 25-year-old history of type 2 diabetes was brought into the emergency room in an unresponsive state since afternoon. The blood glucose was 28 mg/dL, and immediate administration of D 25%x2 stat was done. MRI revealed hyperintensities in the bilateral hippocampi and in the cortex of the bilateral high parietal region on T2WI/FLAIR. Despite intensive medical treatment the patient’s neurologic condition didn’t improve, due to irreversible brain tissue damage, and the patient ultimately died. A 63-year-old male was brought by relatives to causality with complaints of involuntary movements of the right-side of the body since three months, but symptoms have exaggerated since three days. Newly diagnosed DM since three months was on medication T.Metformin 500 mg BD. MRI revealed T1 hyperintensities in posterior half of left putamen. Patient was put on Inj. haloperidol 0.5 mg SOS, T.Aspirin 150 mg OD, T.Atorva 20 mg HS, T.sodium valproate 200 mg BD, T.tetrabenazine 25 mg BD and T.Serenace 0.5 mg BD and patient had improved symptomatically after 15 days of treatment. Imaging can play a crucial role in diagnosis and guide treatment and markedly influence the prognosis of patient.