bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defining Cultural Resilience to Strengthen Native Youth: A Brief Report from the Intergenerational Connection Project
Authors: Kelley Allyson , Small Clayton , Small Maha Charani , Montileaux Hawkeye , White Shawnee
Published: October 2018

Native American youth are placed at greater risk for suicide than any other age or ethnic population in the United States. Resilience has helped Native Americans overcome adversity. In this paper, authors provide an example of how intergenerational mentoring can moderate or reduce these risk factors. The Intergenerational Connection Project at Native PRIDE (ICP) works with advisory councils in four Native communities in Montana and South Dakota. To better understand resilience, this paper answers two questions: (1) how do communities define cultural resilience, and (2) how can cultural resilience be operationalized in a cultural context? The ICP team worked with community advisory councils to develop a cultural resilience scale that was administered at the beginning of the project and six months later, at the end of the Project. An independent samples t-test demonstrated a significant increase in all scale items from baseline and at six-month follow-up. Results indicate that all community definitions include terms related to adversity and the transfer of cultural knowledge through sharing, participation, and involvement. Community definitions also included conversations about spirituality, language, values, and interactions between elders and youth. Authors conclude with a strong message that strengths-based interventions like the ICP are needed to address suicide risk in Native communities.
Influencia de los padres en el rendimiento académico de los hijos: una aproximación econométrica en el contexto de la educación media colombiana
Authors: Arias Manrique Ingrid Jisell , Avila Carreño Camili Andrés
Published: October 2018

Desde diferentes disciplinas, se ha intentado encontrar respuesta a las problemáticas edu­cativas generadas en escenarios como el de la Educación Media, de manera que dependiendo de estas se han reconocido factores tanto exó­genos como endógenos al mismo proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. En este sentido, el pre­sente artículo muestra una lectura en perspec­tiva econométrica, que intenta constituirse en un aporte para proveer argumentos, a propó­sito de establecer relaciones existentes entre el desempeño de estudiantes de educación me­dia del sistema educativo colombiano, particu­larmente desde los resultados mostrados en las pruebas de matemáticas y lenguaje de la prue­ba Saber Pro 2011, con el nivel educativo de los padres de familia de los estudiantes que realiza­ron dicha evaluación.
Morphometric indices of secretory epithelium of main prostate glands in people 13-88 years old
Authors: Piatsko I. A. , Usovich A. K.
Published: October 2018

The aim of the study was to study the age-related changes in the epithelium of the end pieces of the prostate main glands, in all its structural lobules in the age range from adolescence late adulthood age. Materials and methods. Histological, morphometric methods were used to study the secretory epithelial cells of the end pieces of the main glands on prostate preparations of 77 men aged 13-88 years, on autopsy material. The histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, studied using a Leica DM-2000 microscope with a video projection system, using the Leica "LAS V3.6" application morphometric program. Shape and sizes of the secretory epithelial cells of the end pieces of the prostate main glands in pairs of anteromedial, superomedial, inferoposterior, inferolateral structural lobes (zones) were determined. To evaluate the results obtained, nonparametric methods of mathematical statistics were used (Wilcoxon W-test for comparison of two independent samples, Kraskel-Wallis H-test for multiple comparisons, Dann's test with Bonferroni amendment). Results. The differences of the morphometric parameters of secretory epithelial cells in pairs of anteromedial, superomedial, inferoposterior, inferolateral structural lobes (zones) of the human prostate within each of the studied age periods and changes of these parameters according to the age periods from adolescents to late adulthood age were detected. Conclusion. The development and growth of secretory epithelium in all structural lobules of the prostate were observed in the age interval 13-35 years, and the atrophic processes begin at the age of 36, but these changes occur asynchronously, both within one end piece of the gland and in different structural lobules. The changes of the epithelium in the prostate does not always correspond to the calendar age of men.
Global changes of ventricular repolarization in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
Authors: Arteyeva N. A. , Zemskov I. A. , Kurilenko T. A. , Parmon E. A.
Published: October 2018

Background.In arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD), repolarization disorders precede structural heart changes.

Objective.The aim of this work was to evaluate repolarization changes in ARVD patients with various degree of electrocardiographic (ECG) changes.

Design and methods. The standard ECG and vectorcardiograms (VCG) of patients with a confirmed ARVD diagnosis (N = 22, 13 men 51 ± 16 years and 9 women 50 ± 12 years), observed in the Medical Centre of V.A. Almazov, were analyzed. The degree of ECG changes was assessed by the number of precordial leads with negative T-wave, the global dispersion of repolarization — on the basis of the maximum interval between the peak and the end of T-wave, the spatial repolarization sequence — by T-vector direction, the action potential duration (APD) — on the basis of Q-Tpeak and Q-Tend intervals.

Results.At no T-wave inversion in precordial leads, the latest repolarization took place in the posterior regions of ventricular base, at T-wave inversion only in the right precordial leads — in the lateral part of the right ventricle, at T-wave inversion in all precordial leads — in the antero-apical parts of the ventricles. Depending on the degree of ECG changes, the duration of repolarization increased in such a way that the shorter APD increased more than the longer ones; the global dispersion of repolarization was not increased.

Conclusion.In ARVD, the increase of repolarization ECG changes is a result of inhomogeneous APD prolongation and the changes in ventricular repolarization sequence (up to it’s inversion), not accompanied with a growth of global dispersion of repolarization.
Сhanges in depolarization processes of ventricular extrasystole in patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy/right ventricular dysplasia: fragmentation and maximum duration of QRS complex
Authors: Zemskov I. A. , Parmon E. V.
Published: October 2018

Background:There are new characteristics of ventricular extrasystole (VE): the QRS interval maximum duration (VEQSI max.) and its fragmentation (fQRS), which are insufficiently studied in patients with ARVD/C.

Objective:To analyze VEQSI max. and fQRS of VE depending on frequency of SCD, syncope, ICD and ICD-shocks in patients with ARVD/C.

Materials and methods: Included 83 patients:(41 m, 30.3±4.1 years): 55 (27 m) with the established (ED), 13 (5 m) — borderline, 15 (9 m) — possible diagnosis of ARVD/C [Marcus F.I., 2010].

Results:Syncope were in 34 patients (41,0%, 19 m): mostly (70,5%, 15 m) in the ED. SCD — in 5 patients (2,4%, 4 m): 80,0% with the ED. ICD was implanted to 31 patients (37,3%, 21 m) in 87,1% ED. ICDshocks- in 15 patients (48,4%,11 m) with the ED. The average VEQSI max was 168,1±23,1ms, significantly higher inED (р<0,05), and in men (р<0,05). FQRS was discovered in ED (10,8%) and possible diagnosis (13,3%), in the leads II, III, V5-V6.

Conclusions:Syncope, SCD, ICD implanting and shocks were occurred more often in patients with the established diagnosis of ARVD/C. VEQSI max. was higher in that group.
Clinical case of successful staged treatment of patients with aneurysms of the thoracic and abdominal aorta and adenocarcinoma of the stomach
Authors: Chernyavskiy M. A. , Gusev A. A. , Danilov I. N. , Basek I. V.
Published: October 2018

А clinical case of treatment of a patient with isolated saccular aneurysm of the aortic arch and aneurysm of the infrarenal aorta of large size is presented. As a сoncomitant pathology, gastric adenocarcinoma was revealed. Multi-stage surgical treatment was performed. The first stage included left-sided carotid-subclavian bypass, the second –TEVAR, the third — EVAR. The final stage was an extended gastrectomy with lymphodissection. No complications were found during the treatment. The technique of operations is described, explanations on the chosen tactics of treatment are given. The conclusion is made about the advantage of endovascular techniques in the treatment of aortic pathology in patients with oncological pathology.
The MT Stack: Paging Algorithm and Performance in a Distributed Virtual Memory System
Authors: Morazan Marco T. , Troeger Douglas R. , Nash Myles
Published: October 2018

Advances in parallel computation are of central importance to Artificial Intelligence due to the significant amount of time and space their pro- grams require. Functional languages have been identified as providing a clear and concise way of programming parallel machines for artificial intelligence tasks. The problems of exporting, creating, and manipulating processes have been thoroughly studied in relation to the paralleliza- tion of functional languages, but none of the necessary support structures needed for the ab- straction, like a distributed memory, have been properly designed. In order to design and im- plement parallel functional languages efficiently, we propose the development of an all-software based distributed virtual memory system de- signed specifically for the memory demands of a functional language. In this paper, we review the MT architecture and briefly survey the related literature that lead to its development. We then present empirical results obtained from observ- ing the paging behavior of the MT stack. Our empirical results suggest that LRU is superior to FIFO as a page replacement policy for MT stack pages. We present a proof that LRU is an opti- ?Partially supported by the Seton Hall University Re- search Council. †Partially supported by NSF grant CDA-9114481. ‡Partially supported by NSF grant HRD-9703600. mal page replacement policy. Based on this proof the MT stack page replacement policy was de- veloped and implemented. We outline the paging algorithm and present an argument of partial cor- rectness. The MT stack page replacement policy is superior to LRU, because it does not incur the expensive time penalties associated with imple- menting LRU in software.
Slackline no CIEJA: não é para melhorar o equilíbrio, é porque é...
Authors: Martins Jacqueline Cristina Jesus , Neira Marcos Garcia
Published: October 2018

Contrariando a visão hegemônica que concebe a Educação Física na Educação de Jovens e Adultos como experiência formativa irrelevante ou destinada simplesmente a exercitar e relaxar os corpos com vistas a compensar os esforços laborais da população trabalhadora, relatamos uma experiência pedagógica realizada num Centro Integrado de Educação de Jovens e Adultos em que se tematizou o slackline a partir dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da perspectiva cultural do componente. Na avaliação dos estudantes, muitos deles com deficiências, o trabalho proporcionou o acesso a uma prática corporal até então desconhecida e a oportunidade de arriscar-se e vencer desafios corporais.
Network Selection Solution For Heterogeneous Wireless Environment
Authors: Manisha
Published: October 2018

The future generation of wireless network consists of heterogeneous wireless networks that provide uninterrupted services to user when roaming through different access networks. This future generation of wireless network will provide increase in data rate, decrease in end to end latency, energy efficient network environment etc. This is possible due to different enabling technologies i.e. Device to Device Communication, Spectrum Sharing, Enhancement of Quality of Experience in the selection process, Energy Harvest Network and Multi-Radio Access Technologies Association. The selection of network that supports these technologies for different traffic class is done using different decision making techniques. In this work, decision making techniques like Multi Attribute Decision Making algorithms and Game Theory Model (Bankruptcy and Evolutionary Game Model) are used for selection of network in a environment composed of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System, Wireless Local Area Network and Wireless Interoperability for Microwave Access. The different network attributes (available bandwidth, packet delay, packet jitter, packet loss and cost per byte) are taken into consideration for analysis. The analysis is done for conversational, streaming and background traffic class. Also, preference to network attribute`s is introduced using Analytical Hierarchy Process and Standard Deviation Method. The network selection results using Multi Attribute Decision Making algorithm and Game Theory Model are compared and it is found that Game Theory based selection involves learning process therefore consider more than one maximum weighted network attribute for selection whereas MADM algorithm depends on maximum weighted attribute. Further, different decision making techniques are compared on the basis of Relative Standard Deviation. The accuracy of algorithm can be calculated on the basis of difference between ranking values of alternatives.
Control of Reliability of Measurements in Power Systems According to the First Increment and on the Basis of Extrapolating Filters
Authors: Anishchenko V. A. , Pisaruk T. V.
Published: October 2018

Reliability of operation of power systems is determined by reliability of the power equipment, and reliability of the measuring information characterizing a condition of power equipment and the technological processes of generation, transfer, distribution and consumption of energy proceeding in it. Unreliable information causes errors in the diagnosis of equipment malfunctions, improper operation of process control systems and reduction the operational technical and economic performance of power systems. Along with the methods of hardware control of the reliability of measurements using digital codes, there are methods of software and logic control based on the technological meaning of the measured data, their logical consistency and consistency. Control of reliability of measurements by limit values is often applied when the result of measurement of a variable is compared with its known upper and lower limits of reliable values. The resolution of the control by limit values is sharply decreased with the expansion of the range of reliable values. The article deals with the reliability control based on the analysis of the rate of alteration of the controlled variables. At control in accordance with the first increments, the first increment, i.e. the difference of results of measurements in the current and previous moments of time is compared with the known range of the first increments of reliable results of measurements. Control in accordance with the first increments is most effective in cases where the controlled processes are sufficiently inertial and the rate of alteration of variables is relatively small. The resolution of the control by the first increment can be enhanced through the use of extrapolation filters. In this case, the current measured value of the variable is compared with its extrapolated value at the previous time and the result of the comparison reveals an incorrect measurement result.
Introducing direct root‐zone deficit irrigation to conserve water and enhance grape quality in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Jacoby Peter , Ma Xiaochi
Published: October 2018

In 2015, a project was launched to evaluate the potential for using a new form of sub‐surface drip irrigation. Rather than applying micro‐irrigation through horizontal buried lines, drip irrigation was delivered into vertical tubes placed 1 to 4 ft into the root‐zone soil. Juice and wine grapes were selected as the model plant systems for these proof‐of‐concept trials. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Soil & Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/575.
Evaluation of use, acceptability, and effectiveness of household water filter systems in Honduras, 2016–2017
Authors: Fagerli Kirsten , Hurd Jacqueline , Wells Emma , McAteer Jarred , Kim Sunkyung , Seal Laura , Akers Patricia , Murphy Jennifer L. , Quick Robert
Published: October 2018

We evaluated a household hollow fiber water filter program in 11 Honduran villages by assessing filter uptake and water quality. Filters were purchased by 90% of households; of these, 94% reported use within the past week. When comparing water treatment methods between baseline and follow-up, there were increases in the proportion of households reporting water treatment (74% vs. 93%, p < 0.001) and treatment by filtration (19% vs. 85%, p < 0.001), and decreased purchase of bottled water (44% vs 6%, p < 0.001), indicating acceptability of the water filtration systems. There was a significant decrease in the presence of Escherichia coli in water samples taken from 35 households at baseline and follow-up in water filter systems (p < 0.001). As a result, 68% of samples met WHO water quality guidelines (no detectable E. coli) 6–12 months after program implementation. Observations of filter stands revealed a 6-inch gap between the top (reservoir) bucket and bottom (filtrate recipient) bucket that could have permitted animals, insects, hands, or other objects to touch filtered water. We recommend a redesign of filter stands to eliminate the gap between buckets, and a longer-term follow-up to assess filter durability and performance.
Tropical rainfall patterns driven by reduced sea ice in high boreal latitudes
Authors: de Azevedo Santos Isimar , da Silva Maria Gertrudes Alvarez Justi , da Silva Alfredo Silveira , Filho Otto Corrêa Rotunno
Published: October 2018

Satellite data enabled the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), through Report V, to indicate that the regional distribution of sea ice has been reducing in the Northern hemisphere high latitudes. This study assimilated that reduction into a general circulation model of intermediate complexity to simulate the tropical rainfall response. The Northern hemisphere tropospheric wind field simulations presented a clear similarity to the Northern Annular Mode negative phase. In particular, the meridional wind anomalies of the Northern hemisphere Ferrel cell suggest that the energy upsurge due to the boreal sea ice decrease results in an increase in the amplitude of the Rossby waves, thus connecting the polar zone to the tropics. The 500 hPa vertical motion and the rainfall distribution in the tropical belt simulations show a southward displacement of the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone and also the South Atlantic Convergence Zone. Although several studies indicate the Intertropical Convergence Zone is shifted towards the hemisphere most heated by climatic variations, the apparent disagreement with our results can be understood by considering that some continental sectors in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes have shown cooling in recent years, probably in response to the boreal sea ice decrease.
Photocatalytic degradation of reactive black 5 on the surface of tin oxide microrods
Authors: Khan Shanza Rauf , Khalid Muhammad Umar , Jamil Saba , Li Songnan , Mujahid Aiman , Janjua Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf
Published: October 2018

A simple co-precipitation technique is proposed for synthesis of tin oxide (SnO2) microrods. Stannous chloride and urea were used during synthesis. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the annealed product consists of SnO2 microrods having tetragonal unit cells, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the rod-like morphology of a synthesized product. These synthesized microrods are used as photocatalyst for the degradation of reactive black 5 (RB5). Degradation kinetics of RB5 are monitored under daylight in different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and catalyst. The percentage of RB5 conversion is also calculated at various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and catalyst which demonstrate that RB5 shows high catalytic degradation at high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and catalyst.
Assessment of microbial quality of household water output from desalination systems by the heterotrophic plate count method
Authors: Yari Ahmad Reza , Mohammadi Mohammad Javad , Geravandi Sahar , Doosti Zohreh , Matboo Soudabeh Alizadeh , Jang Shahram Arsang , Nazari Shahram
Published: October 2018

Point-of-use household water desalination systems (HWDSs) are becoming popular in Iran because of the deterioration of drinking water. This study aimed to determine the microbial quality of output water from HWDSs in Qom, Iran by using the heterotrophic plate count (HPC) method. Samples of input and output water from 30 HWDSs were collected over a six-month period. Heterotrophic bacteria were tested using the pour plate technique. At the first sampling stage, the HPC level in 23% of samples exceeded the 500 CFU/ml threshold level. On average, for 50% of samples, the HPC level of input samples was 0–10 CFU/ml, for 42% it was 10–100 CFU/ml and for 8% it was 100–500 CFU/ml. For output samples, for 25%, the level of HPC was 0–10 CFU/ml, for 43% it was 10–100 CFU/ml, for 24% it was 100–500 CFU/ml and for 8% it exceeded 500 CFU/ml. For total coliforms the most probable number test was positive for the first and third stages of sampling (3% input samples). The comparison of the averages with national standard values shows that in some cases, the contamination of output water from HWDSs in the city of Qom has been above the standard values.
Manganese removal processes during start-up of inoculated and non-inoculated drinking water biofilters
Authors: Breda I. L. , Søborg D. A. , Ramsay L. , Roslev P.
Published: October 2018

Manganese removal in drinking water biofilters is facilitated by biological and physico-chemical processes, but knowledge regarding the relative role of these mechanisms during start-up is very limited. The aim of this study was to identify the dominant process for manganese removal occurring during the start-up period of sand filters with and without inoculation by addition of matured sand collected from an operating groundwater-based waterworks. Inoculation with matured filter sand is frequently used to accelerate the start-up in virgin biofilters and to rapidly obtain compliant water quality. The non-inoculated filter took 41 days to comply with manganese quality criteria, whereas the inoculated filter with 20% matured sand showed removal from Day 1 and compliance from Day 25. By Day 48, the inoculated filter showed two times higher manganese removal rates and manganese oxides deposits. Using sodium azide as an inhibitor of microbial activity, it was found that manganese removal in the non-inoculated filter was dominated by biological processes, whereas physico-chemical processes were of more importance in the inoculated filter (Day 35, 39 and 48). 16S rDNA sequencing of the microbiota collected during filter maturation indicated a limited immediate effect of inoculation on the microbial community developed on the remaining filter material.

This article has been made Open Access thanks to the kind support of CAWQ/ACQE (https://www.cawq.ca).
Seawater desalination in China: an overview
Authors: Zhu Zhongfan , Peng Dingzhi , Wang Hongrui
Published: October 2018

China, especially its coastal provinces, is facing water shortage issues, restricting its further development. To tackle the serious imbalance between water resource supply and demand, China has strived to develop alternative water resources to combat the water crisis, among which seawater desalination plays a major role. This paper reviews the current situation of utilization of desalinated seawater in China and includes: (1) a history of seawater desalination classified into three phases; (2) analysis of utilization sectors, geographic distribution and employed technologies of the desalination plants; (3) summaries of the policies, regulations and technological standards governing seawater desalination; (4) proposals for existing problems and some suggested measures regarding the current condition of seawater desalination; and (5) the seawater desalination programs in Tianjin and Zhoushan are presented as two representative examples. China's seawater desalination experience can provide some guidance for other countries facing similar water resource situations.
Infrastructure aging risk assessment for water distribution systems
Authors: Cantos Wilmer P. , Juran Ilan
Published: October 2018

Metropolitan governments and water operators are continuously facing the ever-growing challenges of evaluating the risks and optimizing investment in the rehabilitation of the buried aging infrastructure of water distribution systems (WDS). Proper asset management and efficient rehabilitation planning require monitoring, condition assessment, degradation risk analysis and a data-based model for degradation forecasting to support investment decision-making and significantly reduce the infrastructure rehabilitation cost. This paper presents a statistical and stochastic spatial data analysis of failure records of the WDS of the City of Wattrelos, France. The research objective is to develop and demo-illustrate the application of an operator's experience-based Risk Assessment Method (RAM) for network micro-zone prioritization of rehabilitation/replacement works to optimize preemptive asset management. The data used is a 74-year historical dataset from Wattrelos, France. The database includes approximately 424 observed failures for the period of 1991–2004. The data analysis demonstrates that understanding and using stochastic modeling to characterize the pattern of relationship between Failure Rate (FR), Age (T) and the Probability (or Risk) of exceeding a specific Failure Rate (Pr(FR)) of a micro-zone can effectively support the operator's assessment, risk management and prioritization in the maintenance and rehabilitation of the WDS.
Coastal reservoir strategy to enhance India's freshwater storage by impounding river flood waters: a detailed overview
Authors: Kolathayar Sreevalsa , Sitharam T. G. , Yang Shuqing
Published: October 2018

This paper revisits the water resource scenario in India and presents the adequacy of the coastal reservoir concept to address water scarcity by impounding excess river flood waters. Although there has been no significant change in India's rainfall pattern in the last 100 years, there is a spatial non-uniformity in the rainfall events that occur which makes it difficult to pre-plan large-scale water storage at different locations. This study highlights the fact that there is enough water available but the deficiency is in storage. A large portion of freshwater from river systems, groundwater and wetlands drains into the sea due to insufficient storage facilities. Coastal reservoirs enable the storage of excess river flood waters near the coast for future use. This paper discusses current water supply solutions available in the country, and the efficacy of coastal reservoirs along with feasibility implications. The associated rewards and challenges are also discussed. The paper presents details of existing coastal reservoirs worldwide and recent feasibility studies envisaging coastal reservoirs in India.
Intensive monitoring of conventional and surrogate quality parameters in a highly urbanized river affected by multiple combined sewer overflows
Authors: Copetti D. , Marziali L. , Viviano G. , Valsecchi L. , Guzzella L. , Capodaglio A. G. , Tartari G. , Polesello S. , Valsecchi S. , Mezzanotte V. , Salerno F.
Published: October 2018

The paper reports results of four intensive campaigns carried out on the Seveso River (Milan metropolitan area, Italy) between 2014 and 2016, during intense precipitation events. Laboratory analyses were coupled with on-site, continuous measurements to assess the impact of pollutants on water quality based on both conventional and surrogate parameters. Laboratory data included total suspended solids, caffeine, total phosphorus and nitrogen, and their dissolved forms. Screening of trace metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd) and PBDEs (polybromodiphenylethers) was carried out. Continuous measurements included water level, physico-chemical variables and turbidity. Nutrient concentrations were generally high (e.g. average total phosphorus > 1,000 μg/L) indicating strong sewage contributions. Among monitored pollutants Cr, Cu, Pb, and Cd concentrations were well correlated to TSS, turbidity and discharge, being bound mostly to suspended particulate matter. A different behavior was found for Ni, that showed an early peak occurring before the flow peak, as a result of first flush events. PBDEs correlated well to nutrient concentrations, showing the highest peaks soon after activation of the combined sewer overflows, likely because of its accumulation in sewers. In addition to showing the existing correlations between quality parameters, the paper highlights the importance of surrogate parameters as indicators of anthropic pollution inputs.
A novel anaerobic filter membrane bioreactor: prototype start-up and filtration assays
Authors: Diez V. , Iglesias A. , Cámara J. M. , Ruiz M. O. , Ramos C.
Published: October 2018

Anaerobic digestion allows efficient treatment of high loaded wastewater, and membrane technology allows obtaining high quality effluents with complete biomass retention. However, high biomass concentration interferes with membrane fouling. In the present work, a new bioreactor that integrates an attached biomass anaerobic culture on a fixed bed and a submerged membrane has been started up. The recirculation between the digestion and filtration chambers is coupled to the gas-lift effect of the bubbling employed for the scouring of the membranes, avoiding the use or electromechanical pumps that damage the suspended biomass. The support material retains the biomass in the digestion tank despite the downwards flow, avoiding the submerged membrane contacting with a high concentrated suspension. This novel system, called an anaerobic filter membrane bioreactor was immediately started up, achieving chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies of 96% at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 7 kg COD/m3·d. In order to select filtration flux, specific gas demand and filtration cycle duration, the results of 15 short term assays, eight hours for each one, is presented for fluxes between 15.7 and 17.7 L/m2·h, cycle duration between 10 and 30 minutes, and three levels of scouring. It was checked that reversible and irreversible fouling were directly related when dTMP/dt > 2.5 mbar/min.
Implications of CaCl2 application to plants in LID facilities
Authors: Choi H. S. , Hong J. S. , Geronimo F. K. F. , Kim L. H.
Published: October 2018

Low impact development (LID) technologies mimic the natural water cycle through the physico-chemical and biological interactions of plants, filter media and soil, and microorganisms, thereby reducing the release of pollutants. In LID facilities, plants carry out photosynthesis, facilitate microbial growth, and uptake pollutants contained in stormwater runoff. However, de-icers (CaCl2) used to melt snow during winter slow the growth of plants and even increase plant mortality. In addition, de-icers change the soil structure, causing changes in soil content and affecting the growth of plants and microorganisms. Therefore, this study examined the effects of CaCl2 on the resistance of plants, the removal efficiency of non-point source pollutants, and water circulation. The mortality rate of the tree and shrubs caused by CaCl2 was found to be in the order of Rhododendron indicum > Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora > Metasequoia glyptostroboides. For herbaceous plants, mortality rate was in the order of Pratia pedunculata > Aquilegia japonica > Tagetes erecta > Sedum makinoi aurea > Hosta longipes > Dianthus chinensis > Acorus gramineus > Liriope platyphylla. In addition, it was found that the amount of chlorophyll decreases with high concentrations of CaCl2. The findings of this research will be useful for plant selection considering CaCl2 concentrations applied to paved areas during the winter.
Removal of phenol from steel wastewater by combined electrocoagulation with photo-Fenton
Authors: Malakootian Mohammad , Heidari Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2018

Phenol and its derivatives are available in various industries such as refineries, coking plants, steel mills, drugs, pesticides, paints, plastics, explosives and herbicides industries. This substance is carcinogenic and highly toxic to humans. The purpose of the study was to investigate the removal of phenol from wastewater of the steel industry using the electrocoagulation–photo-Fenton (EC-PF) process. Phenol and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency were investigated using the parameters pH, Fe2+/H2O2, reaction time and current density. The highest removal efficiency rates of phenol and COD were 100 and 98%, respectively, for real wastewater under optimal conditions of pH = 4, current density = 1.5 mA/cm2, Fe2+/H2O2 = 1.5 and reaction time of 25 min. Combination of the two effective methods for the removal of phenol and COD, photocatalytic electrocoagulation photo-Fenton process is a suitable alternative for the removal of organic pollutants in industry wastewater because of the low consumption of chemicals, absence of sludge and other side products, and its high efficiency.
Statistical models to predict discharge overflow
Authors: Szeląg Bartosz , Bąk Łukasz , Suligowski Roman , Górski Jarosław
Published: October 2018

In the paper, a comparison of prediction results concerning the annual number of discharges of stormwater from the drainage system due to stormwater overflows is depicted. The prediction has been computed by means of storm water management model (SWMM) and probabilistic models. Regarding the probabilistic modelling some simple statistical models such as logit, probit, Gompertz and linear discriminant analysis model have been applied, and as for the hydrodynamic modelling a generator of synthetic rainfall based on the Monte Carlo method has been used. The analyses conducted has shown that logit, probit and Gompertz models give outputs that are comparable with the results of hydrodynamic modelling and are concordant with observations. Whereas the annual number of stormwater discharge predicted by the linear discriminant analysis model is significantly lower than the number obtained by hydrodynamic modelling. The calculations made have confirmed the possibility of using statistical models as an alternative for developing labour-consuming and complex hydrodynamic models. The statistical models can be used successfully to predict the stormwater overflows operation provided that the measurements of rainfall in the catchment and of filling the overflow are available.
Sodium hydroxide modified rice husk for enhanced removal of copper ions
Authors: Priyantha N. , Sandamali H. K. W. , Kulasooriya T. P. K.
Published: October 2018

Although rice husk (RH) is a readily available, natural, heavy metal adsorbent, adsorption capacity in its natural form is insufficient for certain heavy metal ions. In this context, the study is based on enhancement of the adsorption capacity of RH for Cu(II). NaOH modified rice husk (SRH) shows higher extent of removal for Cu(II) ions than that of heated rice husk (HRH) and HNO3 modified rice husk (NRH). The extent of removal of SRH is increased with the concentration of NaOH, and the optimum NaOH concentration is 0.2 mol dm−3, used to modify rice husk for further studies. The surface area of SRH is 215 m2 g−1, which is twice as much as that of HRH according to previous studies. The sorption of Cu(II) on SRH obeys the Langmuir adsorption model, leading to the maximum adsorption capacity of 1.19 × 104 mg kg−1. Kinetics studies show that the interaction of Cu(II) with SRH obeys pseudo second order kinetics. The X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy confirms the adsorption of Cu(II) on SRH, while desorption studies confirm that Cu(II) adsorbed on SRH does not leach it back to water under normal conditions.
Performance of an ECSB reactor for high-rate anaerobic treatment of cheese industry wastewater: effect of pre-acidification on process efficiency and calcium precipitation
Authors: Diamantis Vasileios , Aivasidis Alexander
Published: October 2018

An external circulation sludge bed (ECSB) reactor was studied at full-scale (1,000 m3) during anaerobic treatment of cheese and other dairy products industry wastewater (CWW). The latter was characterized by a high calcium content, therefore the study focused on the potential negative impact that calcium may have in the long-term. The degree of CWW acidification (25 and 40%) on ECSB reactor performance was evaluated over a wide range of organic loading rates from 5 up to 18 kg m3 d−1, while process efficiency and calcium precipitation were examined in detail. Independently of the operating conditions, the volatile suspended solids content of the anaerobic granular sludge, as well as its calcium content, remained stable along the ECSB reactor operation, indicating that there was no calcium build up in the biomass. The results of this study demonstrate that the ECSB design seems to be particularly suitable to treat calcium-rich wastewater that is probably due to the fact that in this system CaCO3 precipitates in the bulk liquid of the external circulation tank and not the biomass present in the main reactor, and that the CaCO3 crystals are washed-out from it due to the high upflow velocity applied to the system (5 m h−1).
Sludge blanket anaerobic baffled reactor for source-separated blackwater treatment
Authors: Moges Melesse Eshetu , Todt Daniel , Janka Eshetu , Heistad Arve , Bakke Rune
Published: October 2018

The performance of a sludge blanket anaerobic baffled reactor was tested as an integrated treatment system for source-separated blackwater. The system consists of a stirred equalization tank, a buffer inlet tank, and two identical reactors, each with a working volume of 16.4 L, operated in parallel. Both reactors run at 3-days hydraulic retention time with different intermittent pulse feeding. Pulse lengths of 12 and 24 seconds per feed were set with respective rates of 114 L h−1 and 52 L h−1 for the short-pulse fed reactor (RI) and the long-pulse fed reactor (RII). Stable performance of the reactors was attained after 120 and 90 days, for RI and RII, respectively. After stable conditions attained, total chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency stabilized above 78%. Biogas production ranged from 0.52 to 1.16 L d−1 L−1 reactor volume, with 67–82% methane concentration and an average conversion of 0.69 ± 0.2 and 0.73 ± 0.2 g CH4-COD g−1CODin for RI and RII, respectively. The results imply that source-separated blackwater can be treated effectively in an anaerobic sludge blanket process on average loading rate of 2.3 ± 0.5 g COD d−1 L−1 reactor volume with high methane production potential and more than 80% removal of organic and particulate matter.
Expanding Our Understanding of Kairos: Tracing Moral Panic and Risk Perception in the Debate over the Minnesota Sex Offender Program
Authors: Schuster Mary Lay , Propen Amy D.
Published: October 2018

The Minnesota Sex Offender Program (MSOP) offers treatment to sex offenders civilly confined after they complete their prison sentences. In this article, we enhance the notion of kairos in rhetorical situations with the perceptions of risk and the sociological concept of moral panic by tracing three kairotic moments involving MSOP: the 1992 Dennis Linehan civil commitment case; the 2003 murder of college student Dru Sjodin; and the 2012 provisional discharge of Clarence Opheim. We examine the political, public, and media response to these events and provide the results of 21 interviews with stakeholders. In doing so, we hope to illustrate how moral panic and risk perception can so influence what seems the right choice at the right time that stakeholders may get caught in what we call kairotic cycles, where solutions to a problem are stymied by competing perceptions and by entrenched positions that reoccur over time and without resolution.
Морфологія формування поперекового задньобічного спондилодезу в кролів за умов використання кісткових трансплантатів і збагаченого тромбоцитами фібрину
Authors: Radchenko V.O. , Palkin O.V. , Kolesnichenko V.A. , Ashukina N.O. , Danycshuk Z.M.
Published: October 2018

Актуальність. Для збільшення частоти формування кісткового блока після операцій спондилодезу необхідні нові біоматеріали, що підвищують остеогенний потенціал трансплантата. Мета дослідження: вивчити формування кісткового зрощення за умов експериментального задньобічного спондилодезу з використанням кісткових ало- та місцевих автотрансплантатів і збагаченого тромбоцитами автологічного фібрину (PRF). Матеріали та методи. Поперековий задньобічний спондилодез виконано 42 статевозрілим самцям кролів каліфорнійської породи, яких розподілили на 6 груп по 7 тварин: контрольна 1 — трансплантати не застосовували; 2 — місцеві автотрансплантати; 3 — місцеві автотрансплантати в поєднанні з PRF; 4 — алотрансплантати з крила клубової кістки; 5 — алотрансплантати з крила клубової кістки в поєднанні з PRF; 6 — PRF. Через 8 тижнів виконували гістологічне дослідження (з морфометрією) ділянки спондилодезу (LIV–LV). Результати. У групі 1 кісткового зрощення в зоні спондилодезу не виявлено. В інших групах регенерат, що розташовувався між поперечними відростками та з’єднував суміжні тіла хребців, складався з пластинчастої кісткової, сполучної та хрящової тканин. Найбільшу кількість пластинчастої кісткової тканини зафіксовано в регенератах кролів груп 2 та 3, більшої зрілості — у групі 3. Найширший регенерат (р < 0,001) виявлено у випадку використання автотрансплантатів у поєднанні з PRF порівняно з іншими групами. Ало- та автотрансплантати, які використано в експерименті, повністю не заміщувалися новоутвореними тканинами, а процес їх перебудови тривав. Висновки. Використання пластичних матеріалів (PRF, ало- та автотрансплантати самостійно й у поєднанні з PRF) під час поперекового міжпоперечного спондилодезу сприяло формуванню зрощення на рівні операції.
Особливості реконструкції ушкоджень променевого нерва при повторних остеосинтезах плечової кістки
Authors: Tretyak I.B. , Bilinskyy P.I. , Gatskiy A.A. , Kovalenko I.V.
Published: October 2018

Актуальність. Відкриті проксимальні ушкодження променевого нерва найчастіше також виникають внаслідок ортопедичної травми. Повторний остеосинтез плечової кістки, поєднаний із ушкодженням променевого нерва, призводить до відстрочення реконструкції нерва, супроводжується значними технічними труднощами і, відповідно, призводить до погіршення результатів відновлення. Мета дослідження: оцінити ефективність реконструкції променевого нерва методом автонейропластики, визначити вплив переміщення кукс на розміри дефекту в умовах одночасного повторного синтезу плечової кістки. Матеріали та методи. Проведено ретроспективне дослідження результатів поєднаного нейрохірургічного та ортопедичного лікування 16 пацієнтів віком в середньому 34,5 року. Середній термін від моменту одержання поєднаної нервово-кісткової травми становив 4,8 місяця. 16 пацієнтам був проведений повторний синтез неконсолідованого перелому плечової кістки із використанням авторської техніки малоконтактного багатоплощинного остесинтезу за П.І. Білінським у середній термін від первинного остеосинтезу 3,9 місяця. У 16 пацієнтів ушкодження променевого нерва супроводжувалось наявністю критичного дефекту між куксами (більше 10 см), а його реконструкція полягала в виконанні пластики автологічними трансплантатами на медіальній поверхні плеча із використанням мікрохірургічної техніки. Клініко-неврологічне, електрофізіологічне та рентгенологічне обстеження проводилось на 3, 9, 12 та 15-му місяці. Середній follow-up період становив 1 рік 8 місяців. Результати. Середні терміни відновлення функції дорівнювали 13–15 місяцям. Відновлення усього комплексу розгиначів кисті, пальців, розгинання та відведення 1-го пальця досягнуто у 8 з 16 пацієнтів (50 %). У жодного пацієнта після повторного синтезу плечової кістки не спостерігали відсутності консолідації перелому. В 11 пацієнтів у середньому терміні 11,4 місяця після повторного синтезу плечової кістки було проведено видалення системи для МОС. Висновки. Переміщення кукс променевого нерва на внутрішню поверхню плеча дозволило зменшити розміри дефекту променевого нерва в середньому на 2,75 см, у 4 випадках — зменшити розміри дефекту до субкритичних (менше 7 см); відновлення функції усього комплексу м’язів задньої поверхні передпліччя досягнуто лише у близько 50 % хворих. Враховуючи відсутність чіткого прогнозу та мозаїчність відновлення м’язів задньої поверхні передпліччя, вважаємо перспективним впровадження в клінічну практику методики дистальної реіннервації променевого нерва.
Роль гібридної ОФЕКТ/КТ-візуалізації в діагностичному моніторингу пацієнтів із патологією кісток нижніх кінцівок (огляд літератури)
Authors: Korol P.O. , Tkachenko M.M.
Published: October 2018

В огляді літератури розглянуто ключові питання клінічного застосування гібридної ОФЕКТ/КТ-візуалізації у хворих з ураженнями кісток нижніх кінцівок. Розвиток гібридної візуалізації здійснив революцію в діагностиці хворих із широким спектром патологічних процесів кісток нижніх кінцівок на всіх етапах розвитку та відіграє важливу роль у сучасному моніторингу пацієнтів. Синтез функціональної інформації, отриманої за допомогою ОФЕКТ у комплексі з КТ із високою роздільною здатністю, дозволяє ефективно діагностувати патологічний метаболізм в ураженій ділянці кістки з одночасною оцінкою співіснуючих структурних змін.
Сучасне уявлення про синдром «мозок — легені — щитоподібна залоза» та його легеневі прояви
Authors: Logvinova O.L. , Gonchar M.A.
Published: October 2018

Стаття становить собою огляд сучасної світової літератури, присвяченої синдрому «мозок — легені — щитоподібна залоза» у дітей. Автори акцентували увагу на питаннях етіології й особливості онтогенезу зацікавлених органів за наявності мутації в гені NKX2-1. Особливу увагу приділено клінічним проявам та ранній діагностиці синдрому в новонароджених та дітей раннього віку. Наведені сучасні можливості терапії синдрому «мозок — легені — щитоподібна залоза» та його легеневих проявів.