bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
'Life in one colour'
Authors: Mason Robert , Jones Dianne
Published: November 2014

In April 2010, an Indian university student was robbed while leaving the campus of his university in regional Queensland. Soon afterwards, the local newspaper described how a ‘gunman’ had accosted the student and ‘forced [him] to lay [sic] face-down on the ground’. The event was not isolated in the national context; there had been a sharp rise in media reports of violence against Indian students in Australia during the preceding six months. The attack in the regional city of Toowoomba appeared to echo these other incidents, given that the victim was an Indian student and the alleged perpetrators were young white Australian males. The case called our attention to how reports of violent racism in metropolitan centres might affect perceptions of social inclusion in regional communities.
Tony Bennett (ed.), 'Challenging (the) humanities', Melbourne: Australian Scholarly Publishing, 2013, ISBN 9 7819 2500 3468, 168pp., A$34.95
Authors: Carniel Jessica
Published: November 2014

Tony Bennett (ed.), Challenging (the) humanities, Melbourne: Australian Scholarly Publishing, 2013, ISBN 9 7819 2500 3468, 168pp., A$34.95
FRENCH AND BRITISH POST-WAR IMPERIAL AGENDAS AND FORGING AN ARMENIAN HOMELAND AFTER THE GENOCIDE: THE FORMATION OF THE LÉGION D'ORIENT IN OCTOBER 1916
Authors: VARNAVA ANDREKOS
Published: November 2014

In October 1916, the French government agreed with Armenian political elites to establish a Légion of Armenian volunteers in British Cyprus to fight the common Ottoman enemy. Despite British, French, and even Armenian rejections of such a Légion during different times throughout 1915 and early 1916, all sides overcame earlier concerns. Understanding how they managed to overcome these concerns will allow for this little-known episode in the history of the Great War in the eastern Mediterranean to contribute to the knowledge on (1) the complex French and British wartime stances towards this region, driven by imperialism and humanitarianism; (2) the ability of local elites to draw concessions from the Allies; (3) the important role played by local British and French colonial and military officers; and (4) broader historiographical debates on the responses to the Armenian Genocide. This article explores the origins of how theEntenteco-opted Armenians in their eastern Mediterranean campaigns, but also made them into pawns in the French and British reinvention of their imperial rivalry in this region in order to achieve their post-war imperialist agendas.
A Jewish American Monster: Stanley Kubrick, Anti-Semitism andLolita(1962)
Authors: ABRAMS NATHAN
Published: November 2014

This article presents a case study of the filmmaker Stanley Kubrick, considering how his films can be considered an emotional response to the Holocaust, the legacy of European anti-Semitism, and stereotypes of the Jewish American woman. It will argue that there are various clues in Kubrick's films which produce Jewish moments; that is, where, through a complementary directing and acting strategy, in particular one of misdirection, the viewer is given the possibility of “reading Jewish,” albeit not with certainty, for Jewishness is “textually submerged.” Its focus is Kubrick's 1962 adaptation of Vladimir Nabokov'sLolita(1955), in particular the character of Charlotte Haze, played by Shelley Winters, especially in light of Kubrick's choice of casting for the role, and Winters's subsequent performance of it. It will conclude that Holocaust and anti-Semitic stereotypes/reverse stereotypes haunt Kubrick's version ofLolitaas an emotional, yet sub-epidermis, presence.
EXCEPTIONAL BURIALS AT THE SANCTUARY OF EUKLEIA AT AEGAE (VERGINA): THE GOLD OAK WREATH
Authors: Kyriakou Athanasia
Published: November 2014

This article focuses on a recent find from the archaeological site of Vergina, which is identified as the old capital of the Macedonian kingdom, Aegae. In the surroundings of a sanctuary three burials were discovered with outstanding components. One of them, a gold oak wreath, constitutes the object of investigation. At the outset of the study the excavation site and the data of the discovery of the burials are outlined. Then the wreath is analytically presented in terms of typology, technology, craftsmanship and style. In order to incorporate it in a network of precious artefacts, the other four oak wreaths found in Macedonia and dated to the fourth centurybcare described and all of them are compared in the search for similarities or differences. Through this procedure three of them, all from Vergina, emerge as belonging to the same artistic tradition and possibly the same place of production.

Then the issue of different contexts is addressed. First of all, the burial in question and the particularities of the other two burials with oak wreaths from Vergina are examined, resulting in the articulation of a pattern. The next step comprises a general sketch of the meaning of wreaths in antiquity both in life and in death, while a subsequent brief consideration of funerary assemblages from the same period and region lays emphasis on the symbolic significance of these head ornaments in their contexts. Attention is also drawn to the plant that the wreath imitates, which is connected to Zeus. In this framework the oldest known oak wreath, that of ‘Philip II’, is evaluated mainly by examining politics as reflected on coinage. The power of such symbols as applied to other members of the same family is put forward. Another level of approach, the evaluation of the wider territorial context, offers insights into the decision to deposit the burial in the area of anintra murossanctuary in the old and venerated capital of the kingdom.

When the results of the study are combined, a working hypothesis emerges that would consider the burial containing the gold wreath as connected to a member of the ruling family. Research turns to the literary evidence and from this it appears that there is a possibility that the burial is that of the illegitimate murdered son of Alexander the Great.

The concluding section refers briefly to episodes in the cultural biography of the wreath. In the meantime, until further and holistic study of the three burials and the construction where they were discovered is carried out, the gold oak wreath forms part of exhibitions on various themes as a representative of the assemblages.
CROATS AND CROATIA IN THE WAKE OF THE GREAT WAR
Authors: Newman John Paul
Published: November 2014

This article addresses the experiences of Croats and Croatia in the aftermath of the First World War, showing how the interwar Kingdom of Yugoslavia privileged the wartime sacrifice of Serbia and the Serbian army and how Croats were often depicted as the remnants of a defeated state, Austria-Hungary, and therefore less entitled to citizenship in the South Slav kingdom. It focuses on three large veteran associations: the Association of Reserve Officers and Warriors, the Union of Volunteers, and the Association of War Invalids.
DISSIMILATION, ASSIMILATION AND THE UNMIXING OF PEOPLES: GERMAN AND CROATIAN SCHOLARS WORKING TOWARDS A NEW ETHNO-POLITICAL ORDER, 1919–1945
Authors: Korb Alexander
Published: November 2014

This paper deals with a transnational network of scholars and their demographic concepts of ethnic homogenisation of Europe. Focusing on the ethnographer Karl Christian von Loesch and the sociologist Max Hildebert Boehm, it sheds light on German supremacist scholarship and its international entanglements in the interwar years. Loesch and Boehm headed the Institute for Borderland and Foreign Studies in Berlin, where they developed concepts of a new European demographic order based on ethnic segregation, border shifts, assimilation and population transfers. They closely cooperated with non-German nationalists. Indeed, Loesch and Boehm had a big impact on non-Germans scholars, who studied at their institute and who would later try to apply similar concepts of ethnic homogenisation to their countries. By discussing the work of three of their students, Franz Ronneberger, Mladen Lorković and Fritz Valjavec, the paper presents a case of transnational cooperation between German and south-eastern European scholars. Using Croatia as an example, the paper demonstrates how these scholars worked towards nation-states freed of ethnic minorities. The Second World War would bring them into a position to try to implement their projects. Yet, the brutal dynamics of the war quickly altered the reality scholars had planned to design. The grand demographic schemes paved the way for ethnic cleansing, but had not much to do with the way they were carried out.
Variations on a theme by Ishihara
Authors: DIENER HANNES
Published: November 2014

Ishihara's tricks have proven to be a highly useful tool in constructive mathematics, since they enable one to make decisions that seem, on first glance, impossible. They do, however, require that one deals with strongly extensional mappings on complete spaces. In this short note, we show how these assumptions can be weakened. Furthermore, we apply these generalizations to give a partial answer to the question, whether constructively we can rule out the existence of injections from Baire space into the natural numbers, to a version of Riemann's per mutation theorem and to a classification problem about cardinalities in constructive reverse mathematics.
‘My father found it for me’: changing experiences of entering the workforce in twentieth-century urban Britain
Authors: POOLEY COLIN G.
Published: November 2014

Leaving education and gaining employment is a significant life course transition for most people. This article explores the processes by which young people gained their first job in mid-twentieth-century urban Britain, and examines the ways in which this changed in relation to major shifts in society, economy and culture. Key themes include the role of parents and other family members, changes in levels of autonomy and control and the impacts of societal change. Data are drawn from oral testimonies collected in three major urban areas: Glasgow, Manchester and London, and span a period from the 1920s to the 1980s.
Summary of BRD data from the 2011 NAHMS feedlot and dairy heifer studies
Authors: Dargatz David A. , Lombard Jason E.
Published: November 2014

The USDA:APHIS National Animal Health Monitoring System collects data on health and health management in livestock and poultry populations throughout the USA in order to provide stakeholders with population estimates to use as benchmarks for comparison, to guide policy development, and to identify research needs and prioritize education efforts. Recent studies of both the beef cattle feedlot industry and dairy heifer rearing operations provided information about BRD occurrence as well as information about prevention and treatment practices used on these operations. While a great deal of effort is dedicated to BRD prevention, there are still opportunities to improve the strategies used. Despite efforts to prevent the disease, BRD continues to be widespread on both of these types of operations.
Miscanthus: a case study for the utilization of natural genetic variation
Authors: Hodkinson T. R. , Klaas M. , Jones M. B. , Prickett R. , Barth S.
Published: November 2014

Cultivars ofMiscanthusused as bioenergy crops or tested in trials are largely clonally propagated, wild sourced genotypes or clonally propagated F1 hybrids. One of the most productive taxa is the sterile triploidM.× giganteus. Little domestication or breeding has been undertaken and there is huge potential to utilize the extensive genetic resources of the genus for crop improvement. The challenge is to generate new highly adapted genotypes suitable for a range of environments. Production on marginal land, not used for food crops, is particularly desirable, but presents many barriers to crop breeders, as these are largely unproductive and/or stressful environments. This article outlines progress made in characterizing natural genetic variation inMiscanthusincluding next-generation single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping, quantitative trait locus analysis and association mapping. It also explains how this knowledge is being used to develop novel genotypes suited for growth in a broad range of agricultural and marginal lands by defining breeding pools, generating novel crosses, manipulating polyploidy and applying genomic selection approaches.
Genetic Markers in the EET Metabolic Pathway Are Associated with Outcomes in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Donnelly Mark K , Conley Yvette P , Crago Elizabeth A , Ren Dianxu , Sherwood Paula R , Balzer Jeffery R , Poloyac Samuel M
Published: November 2014

Preclinical studies show that epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) regulate cerebrovascular tone and protect against cerebral ischemia. We investigated the relationship between polymorphic genes involved in EET biosynthesis/metabolism, cytochrome P450 (CYP) eicosanoid levels, and outcomes in 363 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (DHET) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels, as well as acute outcomes defined by delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) or clinical neurologic deterioration (CND), were assessed over 14 days. Long-term outcomes were defined by Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) at 3 and 12 months. CYP2C8∗4 allele carriers had 44% and 36% lower mean EET and DHET CSF levels ( P=0.003 and P=0.007) and were 2.2- and 2.5-fold more likely to develop DCI and CND ( P=0.039 and P=0.041), respectively. EPHX2 55Arg, CYP2J2∗7, CYP2C8∗1B, and CYP2C8 g.36785A allele carriers had lower EET and DHET CSF levels. CYP2C8 g.25369T and CYP2C8 g.36755A allele carriers had higher EET levels. Patients with CYP2C8∗2C and EPHX2 404del variants had worse long-term outcomes while those with EPHX2 287Gln, CYP2J2∗7, and CYP2C9 g.816G variants had favorable outcomes. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid levels were associated with Fisher grade and unfavorable 3-month outcomes. Dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids were not associated with outcomes. No associations passed Bonferroni multiple testing correction. These are the first clinical data demonstrating the association between the EET biosynthesis/metabolic pathway and the pathophysiology of aSAH.
Study of Sequential Dexter Energy Transfer in High Efficient Phosphorescent White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Single Emissive Layer
Authors: Kim Jin Wook , You Seung Il , Kim Nam Ho , Yoon Ju-An , Cheah Kok Wai , Zhu Fu Rong , Kim Woo Young
Published: November 2014

In this study, we report our effort to realize high performance single emissive layer three color white phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) through sequential Dexter energy transfer of blue, green and red dopants. The PHOLEDs had a structure of; ITO(1500 Å)/NPB(700 Å)/mCP:Firpic-x%:Ir(ppy)3-0.5%:Ir(piq)3-y%(300 Å)/TPBi(300 Å)/Liq(20 Å)/Al(1200 Å). The dopant concentrations of FIrpic, Ir(ppy)3 and Ir(piq)3 were adjusted and optimized to facilitate the preferred energy transfer processes attaining both the best luminous efficiency and CIE color coordinates. The presence of a deep trapping center for charge carriers in the emissive layer was confirmed by the observed red shift in electroluminescent spectra. White PHOLEDs, with phosphorescent dopant concentrations of FIrpic-8.0%:Ir(ppy)3-0.5%:Ir(piq)3-0.5% in the mCP host of the single emissive layer, had a maximum luminescence of 37,810 cd/m2 at 11 V and a luminous efficiency of 48.10 cd/A at 5 V with CIE color coordinates of (0.35, 0.41).
A microfluidic interface for the culture and sampling of adiponectin from primary adipocytes
Authors: Godwin Leah A. , Brooks Jessica C. , Hoepfner Lauren D. , Wanders Desiree , Judd Robert L. , Easley Christopher J.
Published: November 2014

A customized microfluidic interface was fabricated through novel device landscaping, and the chip was validated as a small-volume platform for culturing and sampling of primary murine adipocytes.
Carbaborane-based alkynylphosphanes and phospholes
Authors: Kreienbrink Anika , Sárosi Menyhárt B. , Kuhnert Robert , Wonneberger Peter , Arkhypchuk Anna I. , Lönnecke Peter , Ott Sascha , Hey-Hawkins Evamarie
Published: November 2014

1,2-Bis(N,N-dimethyl-aminochlorophosphanyl)-1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12) reacts with lithiated phenylacetylene to give a carbaboranyl-based phosphane, while alkynylchlorophosphanes and dilithiated carbaborane give bis(alkynylphosphanyl)carbaboranes.
Response surface design of solid waste based geopolymer
Authors: Xin Luo , Jinyu Xu , Weimin Li
Published: November 2014

Solid waste (slag and fly ash) based geopolymer (SWG-SF) was developed on the basis of response surface methodology (RSM), using the fly ash to slag ratio (FSR), alkali content (AC), makeup of alkali activator (n) and binder to water ratio (BWR) as design parameters.
C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) contributes to hepatocyte death via the promotion of ERO1α signalling in acute liver failure
Authors: Rao Jianhua , Zhang Chuangyong , Wang Ping , Lu Ling , Qian Xiaofeng , Qin Jianjie , Pan Xiongxiong , Li Guoqiang , Wang Xuehao , Zhang Feng
Published: November 2014

CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-homologous protein (CHOP) has been shown to be a key molecule in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis. ER oxidoreductin 1-α (ERO1α), a target of CHOP, is an important oxidizing enzyme that regulates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play a prominent role in hepatocellular death during acute liver failure (ALF). However, little is known about how CHOP facilitates ROS-induced hepatocellular injury. The present study was designed to investigate the roles and molecular mechanisms of CHOP in ALF. In the liver tissues from ALF patients, the expression of CHOP was significantly increased, which was accompanied by increased expression of dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK) signalling, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF6) signalling, inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1) signalling and ERO1α, as compared with healthy controls. In the mouse model of galactosamine (GaIN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALF, the hepatocellular injury was accompanied by up-regulated PERK signalling, ATF6 signalling, IRE1 signalling, CHOP and ERO1α. In contrast, CHOP deficiency decreased hepatocellular apoptosis/necrosis and increased animal survival. Furthermore, disruption of CHOP decreased ERO1α expression leading to reducing ROS-induced cell death in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, ERO1α overexpression restored GaIN/LPS-induced hepatocellular injury in CHOP-deficient mice. Our studies demonstrate for the first time that CHOP promotes liver damage during ALF through activation of ERO1α, a key mediator to link ER stress and ROS. Therefore, targeting CHOP/ERO1α signalling could be a novel therapeutic approach during ALF.
Characterization of excitation–contraction coupling components in human extraocular muscles
Authors: Sekulic-Jablanovic Marijana , Palmowski-Wolfe Anja , Zorzato Francesco , Treves Susan
Published: November 2014

Excitation–contraction coupling (ECC) is the physiological mechanism whereby an electrical signal detected by the dihydropyridine receptor, is converted into an increase in [Ca2+], via activation of ryanodine receptors (RyRs). Mutations in RYR1, the gene encoding RyR1, are the underlying cause of various congenital myopathies including central core disease, multiminicore disease (MmD), some forms of centronuclear myopathy (CNM) and congenital fibre-type disproportion. Interestingly, patients with recessive, but not dominant, RYR1 mutations show a significant reduction in RyR protein in muscle biopsies as well as ophthalmoplegia. This specific involvement of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) indicates that this group of muscles may express different amounts of proteins involved in ECC compared with limb muscles. In the present paper, we report that this is indeed the case; in particular the transcripts encoding RyR3, cardiac calsequestrin (CSQ2) and the α1 subunit of the cardiac dihydropyridine receptor are up-regulated by at least 100-fold, whereas excitation-coupled Ca2+ entry is 3-fold higher. These findings support the hypothesis that EOMs have a unique mode of calcium handling.
Biochemical and structural characterization of the apicoplast dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Laine Larissa M. , Biddau Marco , Byron Olwyn , Müller Sylke
Published: November 2014

PDC (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) is a multi-enzyme complex comprising an E1 (pyruvate decarboxylase), an E2 (dihydrolipomide acetyltransferase) and an E3 (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase). PDC catalyses the decarboxylation of pyruvate and forms acetyl-CoA and NADH. In the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, the single PDC is located exclusively in the apicoplast. Plasmodium PDC is essential for parasite survival in the mosquito vector and for late liver stage development in the human host, suggesting its suitability as a target for intervention strategies against malaria. Here, PfaE3 (P. falciparum apicoplast E3) was recombinantly expressed and characterized. Biochemical parameters were comparable with those determined for E3 from other organisms. A homology model for PfaE3 reveals an extra anti-parallel β-strand at the position where human E3BP (E3-binding protein) interacts with E3; a parasite-specific feature that may be exploitable for drug discovery against PDC. To assess the biological role of Pfae3, it was deleted from P. falciparum and although the mutants are viable, they displayed a highly synchronous growth phenotype during intra-erythrocytic development. The mutants also showed changes in the expression of some mitochondrial and antioxidant proteins suggesting that deletion of Pfae3 impacts on the parasite's metabolic function with downstream effects on the parasite's redox homoeostasis and cell cycle.
Dust in brown dwarfs and extra-solar planets
Authors: Lee E. , Helling Ch. , Giles H. , Bromley S. T.
Published: November 2014

Context.Clouds form in atmospheres of brown dwarfs and planets. The cloud particle formation processes, seed formation and growth/evaporation are very similar to the dust formation process studied in circumstellar shells of AGB stars and in supernovae. Cloud formation modelling in substellar objects requires gravitational settling and element replenishment in addition to element depletion. All processes depend on the local conditions, and a simultaneous treatment is required.

Aims.We apply new material data in order to assess our cloud formation model results regarding the treatment of the formation of condensation seeds. We look again at the question of the primary nucleation species in view of new (TiO2)N-cluster data and new SiO vapour pressure data.

Methods.We applied the density functional theory (B3LYP, 6-311G(d)) using the computational chemistry package Gaussian09 to derive updated thermodynamical data for (TiO2)Nclusters as input for our TiO2seed formation model. We tested different nucleation treatments and their effect on the overall cloud structure by solving a system of dust moment equations and element conservation for a prescribed Drift-Phoenixatmosphere structure.

Results.Updated Gibbs free energies for the (TiO2)Nclusters are presented, as well as a slightly temperature dependent surface tension forT= 500...2000 K with an average value ofσ∞= 480.6 erg cm-2. The TiO2seed formation rate changes only slightly with the updated cluster data. A considerably larger effect on the rate of seed formation, and hence on grain size and dust number density, results from a switch to SiO nucleation. The question about the most efficient nucleation species can only be answered if all dust/cloud formation processes and their feedback are taken into account. Despite the higher abundance of SiO over TiO2in the gas phase, TiO2remains considerably more efficient at forming condensation seeds by homogeneous nucleation. The paper discusses the effect on the cloud structure in more detail.
The spin polarized linear response from density functional theory: Theory and application to atoms
Authors: Fias Stijn , Boisdenghien Zino , De Proft Frank , Geerlings Paul
Published: November 2014

Within the context of spin polarized conceptual density functional theory, the spin polarized linear response functions are introduced both in the [N, Ns] and [Nα, Nβ] representations. The mathematical relations between the spin polarized linear response functions in both representations are examined and an analytical expression for the spin polarized linear response functions in the [Nα, Nβ] representation is derived. The spin polarized linear response functions were calculated for all atoms up to and including argon. To simplify the plotting of our results, we integrated χ(r, r′) to a quantity χ(r, r′), circumventing the θ and ϕ dependence. This allows us to plot and to investigate the periodicity throughout the first three rows in the periodic table within the two different representations. For the first time, χαβ(r, r′), χβα(r, r′), and χSS(r, r′) plots have been calculated and discussed. By integration of the spin polarized linear response functions, different components to the polarisability, ααα, ααβ, αβα, and αββ have been calculated.
The simultaneous measurement of energy and linear polarization of the scattered radiation in resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering
Authors: Braicovich L. , Minola M. , Dellea G. , Le Tacon M. , Moretti Sala M. , Morawe C. , Peffen J.-Ch. , Supruangnet R. , Yakhou F. , Ghiringhelli G. , Brookes N. B.
Published: November 2014

Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) in the soft x-ray range is an element-specific energy-loss spectroscopy used to probe the electronic and magnetic excitations in strongly correlated solids. In the recent years, RIXS has been progressing very quickly in terms of energy resolution and understanding of the experimental results, but the interpretation of spectra could further improve, sometimes decisively, from a full knowledge of the polarization of incident and scattered photons. Here we present the first implementation, in a high resolution soft-RIXS spectrometer used to analyze the scattered radiation, of a device allowing the measurement of the degree of linear polarization. The system, based on a graded W/B4C multilayer mirror installed in proximity of the CCD detector, has been installed on the AXES spectrometer at the ESRF (European Synchrotron Radiation Facility); it has been fully characterized and it has been used for a demonstration experiment at the Cu L3 edge on a high-Tc superconducting cuprate. The loss in efficiency suffered by the spectrometer equipped with this test facility was a factor 17.5. We propose also a more advanced version, suitable for a routine use on the next generation of RIXS spectrometers and with an overall efficiency up to 10%.
Noble gas encapsulation into carbon nanotubes: Predictions from analytical model and DFT studies
Authors: Balasubramani Sree Ganesh , Singh Devendra , Swathi R. S.
Published: November 2014

The energetics for the interaction of the noble gas atoms with the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are investigated using an analytical model and density functional theory calculations. Encapsulation of the noble gas atoms, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe into CNTs of various chiralities is studied in detail using an analytical model, developed earlier by Hill and co-workers. The constrained motion of the noble gas atoms along the axes of the CNTs as well as the off-axis motion are discussed. Analyses of the forces, interaction energies, acceptance and suction energies for the encapsulation enable us to predict the optimal CNTs that can encapsulate each of the noble gas atoms. We find that CNTs of radii 2.98 − 4.20 Å (chiral indices, (5,4), (6,4), (9,1), (6,6), and (9,3)) can efficiently encapsulate the He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe atoms, respectively. Endohedral adsorption of all the noble gas atoms is preferred over exohedral adsorption on various CNTs. The results obtained using the analytical model are subsequently compared with the calculations performed with the dispersion-including density functional theory at the M06 − 2X level using a triple-zeta basis set and good qualitative agreement is found. The analytical model is however found to be computationally cheap as the equations can be numerically programmed and the results obtained in comparatively very less time.
Instabilities of collisionless current sheets revisited: The role of anisotropic heating
Authors: Muñoz P. A. , Kilian P. , Büchner J.
Published: November 2014

In this work, we investigate the influence of the anisotropic heating on the spontaneous instability and evolution of thin Harris-type collisionless current sheets, embedded in antiparallel magnetic fields. In particular, we explore the influence of the macroparticle shape-function using a 2D version of the PIC code ACRONYM. We also investigate the role of the numerical collisionality due to the finite number of macroparticles in PIC codes. It is shown that it is appropriate to choose higher order shape functions of the macroparticles compared to a larger number of macroparticles per cell. This allows to estimate better the anisotropic electron heating due to the collisions of macroparticles in a PIC code. Temperature anisotropies can stabilize the tearing mode instability and trigger additional current sheet instabilities. We found a good agreement between the analytically derived threshold for the stabilization of the anisotropic tearing mode and other instabilities, either spontaneously developing or initially triggered ones. Numerical effects causing anisotropic heating at electron time scales become especially important for higher mass ratios (above mi/me=180). If numerical effects are carefully taken into account, one can recover the theoretical estimated linear growth rates of the tearing instability of thin isotropic collisionless current sheets, also for higher mass ratios.
Fully quantal calculation of H2 translation-rotation states in the (p-H2)2@51264 clathrate hydrate inclusion compound
Authors: Felker Peter M.
Published: November 2014

The quantal translation-rotation (TR) states of the (p-H2)2@51264 clathrate hydrate inclusion compound have been computed. The ten-dimensional problem (in the rigid-cage and rigid-H2 approximation) is solved by first approximating the H2 moieties as spherically symmetric and solving for their 6D translational eigenstates. These are then combined with H2 free rotational states in a product basis that is used to diagonalize the full TR hamiltonian. The computed low-energy eigenstates have translational components that are essentially identical to the 6D translational eigenstates and rotational components that are 99.9% composed of rotationally unexcited H2 moieties. In other words, TR coupling is minimal for the low-energy states of the species. The low-energy level structure is found to be substantially more congested than that of the more tightly packed (p-H2)4@51264 clathrate species. The level structure is also shown to be understandable in terms of a model of (H2)2 as a semirigid diatomic species consisting of two spherically symmetric H2 pseudo-atoms.
Hydration of chloride anions in the NanC Porin fromEscherichia coli:A comparative study by QM/MM and MD simulations
Authors: Calandrini V. , Dreyer J. , Ippoliti E. , Carloni P.
Published: November 2014

Chloride anions permeate the bacterial NanC porin in physiological processes. Here we present a DFT-based QM/MM study of this porin in the presence of these anions. Comparison is made with classical MD simulations on the same system. In both QM/MM and classical approaches, the anions are almost entirely solvated by water molecules. However, the average water–Cl− distance is significantly larger in the first approach. Polarization effects of protein groups close to Cl− anion are sizeable. These effects might modulate the anion-protein electrostatic interactions, which in turn play a central role for selectivity mechanisms of the channel.
Role of solvation in pressure-induced helix stabilization
Authors: Best Robert B. , Miller Cayla , Mittal Jeetain
Published: November 2014

In contrast to the well-known destabilization of globular proteins by high pressure, recent work has shown that pressure stabilizes the formation of isolated α-helices. However, all simulations to date have obtained a qualitatively opposite result within the experimental pressure range. We show that using a protein force field (Amber03w) parametrized in conjunction with an accurate water model (TIP4P/2005) recovers the correct pressure-dependence and an overall stability diagram for helix formation similar to that from experiment; on the other hand, we confirm that using TIP3P water results in a very weak pressure destabilization of helices. By carefully analyzing the contributing factors, we show that this is not merely a consequence of different peptide conformations sampled using TIP3P. Rather, there is a critical role for the solvent itself in determining the dependence of total system volume (peptide and solvent) on helix content. Helical peptide structures exclude a smaller volume to water, relative to non-helical structures with both the water models, but the total system volume for helical conformations is higher than non-helical conformations with TIP3P water at low to intermediate pressures, in contrast to TIP4P/2005 water. Our results further emphasize the importance of using an accurate water model to study protein folding under conditions away from standard temperature and pressure.
Two-dimensional numerical simulation of boron diffusion for pyramidally textured silicon
Authors: Ma Fa-Jun , Duttagupta Shubham , Shetty Kishan Devappa , Meng Lei , Samudra Ganesh S. , Hoex Bram , Peters Ian Marius
Published: November 2014

Multidimensional numerical simulation of boron diffusion is of great relevance for the improvement of industrial n-type crystalline silicon wafer solar cells. However, surface passivation of boron diffused area is typically studied in one dimension on planar lifetime samples. This approach neglects the effects of the solar cell pyramidal texture on the boron doping process and resulting doping profile. In this work, we present a theoretical study using a two-dimensional surface morphology for pyramidally textured samples. The boron diffusivity and segregation coefficient between oxide and silicon in simulation are determined by reproducing measured one-dimensional boron depth profiles prepared using different boron diffusion recipes on planar samples. The established parameters are subsequently used to simulate the boron diffusion process on textured samples. The simulated junction depth is found to agree quantitatively well with electron beam induced current measurements. Finally, chemical passivation on planar and textured samples is compared in device simulation. Particularly, a two-dimensional approach is adopted for textured samples to evaluate chemical passivation. The intrinsic emitter saturation current density, which is only related to Auger and radiative recombination, is also simulated for both planar and textured samples. The differences between planar and textured samples are discussed.
Power dependence of electron density at various pressures in inductively coupled plasmas
Authors: Kim June Young , Kim Dong-Hwan , Kim Ju Ho , Jeon Sang-Bum , Cho Sung-Won , Chung Chin-Wook
Published: November 2014

Experimental observation of the electron density variation in inductively coupled plasmas with the electron energy probability function (EEPFs) was performed at various gas pressures at two RF powers (25 W and 200 W). The measured EEPFs at high power discharges (200 W) showed a Maxwellian distribution, while evolution of the EEPFs from a bi-Maxwellian distribution to a Druyvesteyn-like distribution was observed at low RF powers (25 W) with increasing pressure. A discrepancy of the electron density variation between the two RF powers was observed. This difference is explained by the modified collisional loss and the Bohm velocity from the EEPF of the bi-Maxwellian distribution and the Druyvesteyn–like distribution.
Ferromagnetic interactions and martensitic transformation in Fe doped Ni-Mn-In shape memory alloys
Authors: Lobo D. N. , Priolkar K. R. , Emura S. , Nigam A. K.
Published: November 2014

The structure, magnetic, and martensitic properties of Fe doped Ni-Mn-In magnetic shape memory alloys have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry, magnetization, resistivity, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and EXAFS. While Ni2MnIn1−xFex (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) alloys are ferromagnetic and non martensitic, the martensitic transformation temperature in Ni2Mn1.5In1−yFey and Ni2Mn1.6In1−yFey increases for lower Fe concentrations (y ≤ 0.05) before decreasing sharply for higher Fe concentrations. XRD analysis reveals presence of cubic and tetragonal structural phases in Ni2MnIn1−xFex at room temperature with tetragonal phase content increasing with Fe doping. Even though the local structure around Mn and Ni in these Fe doped alloys is similar to martensitic Mn rich Ni-Mn-In alloys, presence of ferromagnetic interactions and structural disorder induced by Fe affect Mn-Ni-Mn antiferromagnetic interactions resulting in suppression of martensitic transformation in these Fe doped alloys.
Probing inhomogeneous composition in core/shell nanowires by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Amaduzzi F. , Alarcón-Lladó E. , Russo-Averchi E. , Matteini F. , Heiß M. , Tütüncüoglu G. , Conesa-Boj S. , de la Mata M. , Arbiol J. , Fontcuberta i Morral A.
Published: November 2014

Due to its non-destructive and its micro-spatial resolution, Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for a rapid structural and compositional characterization of nanoscale materials. Here, by combining the compositional dependence of the Raman peaks with the existence of photonic modes in the nanowires, we address the composition inhomogeneities of AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs core/shell structures. The experimental results are validated with complementary chemical composition maps of the nanowire cross-sections and finite-difference time-domain simulations of the photonic modes.
Nonlinear optical properties of bulk cuprous oxide using single beam Z-scan at 790 nm
Authors: Serna J. , Rueda E. , García H.
Published: November 2014

The two-photon absorption (TPA) coefficient β and the nonlinear index of refraction n2 for bulk cuprous oxide (Cu2O) direct gap semiconductor single crystal have been measured by using a balance-detection Z-scan single beam technique, with an excellent signal to noise ratio. Both coefficients were measured at 790 nm using a 65 fs laser pulse at a repetition rate of 90.9 MHz, generated by a Ti:Sapphire laser oscillator. The experimental values for β were explained by using a model that includes allowed-allowed, forbidden-allowed, and forbidden-forbidden transitions. It was found that the forbidden-forbidden transition is the dominant mechanism, which is consistent with the band structure of Cu2O. The low value for β found in bulk, as compared with respect to thin film, is explained in terms of the structural change in thin films that result in opposite parities of the conduction and valence band. The n2 is also theoretically calculated by using the TPA dispersion curve and the Kramers-Kronig relations for nonlinear optics.
Low-pressure, high-density, and supersonic plasma flow generated by a helicon magnetoplasmadynamic thruster
Authors: Takahashi Kazunori , Komuro Atsushi , Ando Akira
Published: November 2014

A high density magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) plasma under a magnetic nozzle is produced with a low gas flow rate of argon by combining helicon and MPD plasma sources, where a cathode and an anode are located upstream and downstream of the helicon source, respectively. Once the high density helicon plasma is produced in the source tube, a pulsed current of a few kA is triggered between the cathode and anode. A plasma density above 1020 m−3 and a supersonic plasma flow (Mach number of ∼1.8) are obtained at ∼10 cm downstream of the source exit. As the thrust efficiency estimated from the measured plasma parameters is much higher than that of the simple MPD thruster, the helicon MPD thruster being proposed and tested potentially provides more efficient high-power plasma thruster.
Strain and morphology of graphene membranes on responsive microhydrogel patterns
Authors: Shaina P. R. , Jaiswal Manu
Published: November 2014

We study the configuration of atomically-thin graphene membranes on tunable microhydrogel patterns. The polyethylene oxide microhydrogel structures patterned by electron-beam lithography show increase in height, with a persistent swelling ratio up to ∼10, upon exposure to vapors of an organic solvent. We demonstrate that modifying the height fluctuations of the microhydrogel affects the strain and morphology of ultrathin graphene membrane over-layer. Raman spectroscopic investigations indicate that small lattice strains can be switched on in mechanically exfoliated few-layer graphene membranes that span these microhydrogel structures. In case of chemical-vapor deposited single-layer graphene, we observe Raman signatures of local depinning of the membranes upon swelling of microhydrogel pillars. We attribute this depinning transition to the competition between membrane-substrate adhesion energy and membrane strain energy, where the latter is tuned by hydrogel swelling.
One-dimensional array of point-like light sources based on gold nanoparticles and tetracene: Preparation and possible operation mechanisms
Authors: Cherepanov V. V. , Fedorovich R. D. , Kiyayev O. E. , Naumovets A. G. , Nechytaylo V. B. , Tomchuk P. M. , Viduta L. V.
Published: November 2014

A method of preparation of a linear close-packed array of point-like light sources based on a nanocomposite of gold nanoparticles and tetracene is proposed. Ordered system of microleads to the light sources with packing density up to 1000 mm−1 consists of linear conducting chains of cobalt nanoparticles self-assembled in a magnetic field. The electroluminescence from the gold-tetracene nanocomposite occurs in the visible range typical of organic light-emitting field-effect transistors based on tetracene. A theoretical substantiation of the possibility of excitation of tetracene molecules by hot electrons emitted from the gold nanoparticles is suggested and compared with other possible physical mechanisms.
Carrier transport in graphite/Si3N4-nanobelt/PtIr Schottky barrier diodes
Authors: Bi Jinghui , Wei Guodong , Shang Minghui , Gao Fengmei , Tang Bin , Yang Weiyou
Published: November 2014

Understanding the roles of contacts and interfaces between metals and semiconductors is critically important for exploring nanostructure-based nanodevices. The present study shed some light on the dominated mechanism of size-dependent carrier transfer in the Schottky barrier diodes configured by the Pt-Ir/Si3N4-nanobelt/graphite (metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM)) sandwiched structure via a conductive atomic force microscopy using nanobelts with various thicknesses. The observed I-V behaviors suggested that the charge transports under the low and high biases were dominated by the reverse-biased Schottky barrier and space-charge-limited current (SCLC), respectively. The intermediate region between the low and high biases presented the transition between the Ohmic and SCLC behaviors, in which the ≡Si and =N dangling bonds acted as the defects within the Si3N4 nanobelt surface are predominant in the charge transfer.
Using X-ray fluorescence core scanning to assess acid sulfate soils
Authors: Proske Ulrike , Heijnis Henk , Gadd Patricia
Published: November 2014

During the formation of acid sulfate soils (ASS), several chemical elements in the sediment are mobilised. These elements are removed from the sediment or become enriched as precipitates in distinct horizons. The stratigraphic depth in which these precipitates accumulate is element-specific and is located either within the oxidised or in a transitional zone between the oxidised and the reduced zone. Aim of this study is to demonstrate how X-ray fluorescence core scanning, together with detailed sediment descriptions, can be used to perform an initial assessment of these different zones in ASS in a fast and cost-effective manner. We measured the chemical element signatures of K, Fe, Pb, Sr, Zn, Ni, Y, Mn and Ca in two sediment cores from Western Australia where ASS are suspected to occur. The oxidised zone in both cores is characterised by the occurrence of jarosite, which is indicated by pale straw yellow mottling and synchronous peaks in Fe/Ti, K/Ti, Pb/Ti and Sr/Ti, and of other secondary Fe-oxides, which are indicated by reddish mottling and synchronous peaks in Fe/Ti and Pb/Ti. The transition zone into reduced material is marked by synchronous peaks in Zn/Ti, Ni/Ti, Y/Ti and Mn/Ti. Based on these characteristic signatures, we broadly estimated the depth of the oxidised and the transitional zone at both sites.
Self-improving properties for abstract Poincaré type inequalities
Authors: Bernicot Frédéric , Martell José María
Published: November 2014

We study self-improving properties in the scale of Lebesgue spaces of generalized Poincaré inequalities in the Euclidean space. We present an abstract setting where oscillations are given by certain operators (e.g., approximations of the identity, semigroups or mean value operators) that have off-diagonal decay in some range. Our results provide a unified theory that is applicable to the classical Poincaré inequalities, and furthermore it includes oscillations defined in terms of semigroups associated with second order elliptic operators as those in the Kato conjecture. In this latter situation we obtain a direct proof of the John-Nirenberg inequality for the associated

B
M
O

BMO

and Lipschitz spaces of S. Hofmann, S. Mayboroda, and A. McIntosh.
Liouvillian integrability of polynomial differential systems
Authors: Zhang Xiang
Published: November 2014

M.F. Singer (Liouvillian first integrals of differential equations, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 333 (1992), 673–688) proved the equivalence between Liouvillian integrability and Darboux integrability for two dimensional polynomial differential systems. In this paper we will extend Singer’s result to any finite dimensional polynomial differential systems. We prove that if an

n
n

–dimensional polynomial differential system has

n
−
1

n-1

functionally independent Darboux Jacobian multipliers, then it has

n
−
1

n-1

functionally independent Liouvillian first integrals. Conversely if the system is Liouvillian integrable, then it has a Darboux Jacobian multiplier.
Equidistribution of rational functions having a superattracting periodic point towards the activity current and the bifurcation current
Authors: Okuyama Yûsuke
Published: November 2014

We establish an approximation of the activity currentTcT_cin the parameter space of a holomorphic familyffof rational functions having a marked critical pointccby parameters for whichccis periodic underff, i.e., is a superattracting periodic point. This partly generalizes a Dujardin–Favre theorem for rational functions having preperiodic points, and refines a Bassanelli–Berteloot theorem on a similar approximation of the bifurcation currentTfT_fof the holomorphic familyff. The proof is based on a dynamical counterpart of this approximation.
Grain Promotion and Food Consumption: Analysis of Chinese Provincial Data
Authors: Zhu Jing , Hare Denise , Zhong Funing , Zhou Zhangyue
Published: November 2014

China has long struggled to achieve food security. In the era of a planned economy, local self‐sufficiency was dictated by policy. With China's transition to a market economy, however, different policy schemes have been utilized, with greater emphasis placed on the role of market forces, especially in conjunction with China's accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001. Nevertheless, self‐sufficiency in grain production remains a deeply rooted goal, and interventionist measures geared towards its achievement are still viewed as the most direct and effective means of food security. This paper examines how the well‐being of China's rural population, proxied by measures of food consumption, is affected by the promotion of grain production. Our findings suggest that targeted households bear a disproportionate burden of food security policy, as it is currently implemented.