bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regenerative agriculture: A paradigm shift for food production in South Africa
Authors: Moodley Vaneson , Phophi Mutodwa M , Mafongoya Paramu L
Published: November 2024

Agriculture and other land use practices have severely affected the quality of soils and food production systems in South Africa. In addition, these practices significantly contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Soil quality is generally associated with soil organic matter (SOM) along with elemental Carbon (C) and Nitrogen (N). Approximately 58% of South African soils contain <0.5% organic C, 38% contain 0.5–2% organic C, and 4% contain >2% organic C. The extensive aridity and lack of SOM content in South African soils cause them to lack resilience and have a delicate nature compared to soils in temperate regions. In a country where almost 60% of the land is degraded, and 91% is prone to desertification, farming practices require a revised framework for land management. The challenge of producing food on degraded land that is often water-scarce and particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change is a threat to South Africa's food and nutritional security. Therefore, this review aims to equip farmers with knowledge and principles of innovative and sustainable alternatives such as regenerative agriculture that naturally and progressively improves soil quality/fertility and ecosystem health; and reduces GHG emissions through carbon sequestration. Quantitative studies in South Africa show that during 5–90 years of crop cultivation in the Free State province resulted in a 10–73% reduction in C and N relative to natural grasslands. Similar studies reported a 50% reduction in C after 50 years of cultivation on Hutton soil in Pretoria; and a 50% reduction in C after only 3.5 years of cultivation in the Free State. Considering that the world's food systems are responsible for more than a third of anthropogenic GHG emissions, we are convinced that the shifting trend toward regenerative agriculture is a sustainable climate-smart solution for global food production systems.
Agronomy and (in)equity: Lead, engage or ignore?
Authors: Sumberg James , Thuijsman Eva Suzanne
Published: November 2024

This article explores the implications for development-oriented agronomy of the growing interest in (in)equity as part of the story of food system transformation. We argue that while agronomy is not in a position to lead on addressing (in)equity among farmers, to say nothing of within the food system more broadly, ignoring the on-going debate about food (in)equity would be professionally irresponsible. Agronomy and agronomists must find ways to engage with (in)equity that are rooted in awareness, reflection and realism. We suggest how this might be done.
Why do people riot? Examining rioter motivations and the role of the police
Authors: Willmott Dominic , Long Matt , Agneswaran Amuda , Labhardt Danielle
Published: November 2024

This article examines different theoretical explanations for rioting and crowd disorder drawing on psychological, sociological and political perspectives. The role of the law and in particular, police practice in tackling and exacerbating crowd violence are explored with a critical eye on the latest police science research. Both psychological motivations of rioters and systemic intersectional inequalities are considered together in this piece to comprehensively account for the reasons why people choose to riot. The adequacy of theoretical explanations and recommendations for how future riots might be avoided are considered in relation to the English riots of August 2011 and August 2024.
The Role of Mindfulness and Emotional Intelligence on Adolescents’ Well-Being and Secondary School Achievement
Authors: Vieira Inês , Faria Luísa
Published: November 2024

The present study aimed to determine how mindfulness relates to school achievement and well-being in adolescence and whether this relationship might be mediated by emotional intelligence (EI). Apart from examining the relationship between constructs, moderation interaction effects of gender were also tested. A sample of 597 Portuguese adolescents aged 15–17 years old ( Mage = 16.9; SD = 1.11; 49.9% males), enrolled in secondary education, completed self-report measures of mindfulness (CAMM), emotional intelligence (TEIQue-ASF), and well-being (SWLS) in their Portuguese versions. Findings confirmed a positive and statistically significant relationship between mindfulness and EI. Regression analyses indicated that mindfulness reduced its influence on well-being and on school results when EI was added to the model, confirming the mediation hypothesis. Results indicated a positive and statistically significant relationship between EI and well-being. Adolescents with higher traits of mindfulness did not report better school results neither greater well-being. Variations across gender have not been observed. This study discloses several limitations which require a careful examination of the results. The findings are discussed considering the potential advantages of including social and emotional competencies in educational settings as a complement to the school curriculum.
Influence of core stabilization exercise on physical function and muscle thickness in patients with chronic stroke: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Aycicek Hilal Busra , Karakayali Gurdal , Gurcay Eda
Published: November 2024

Background

This study primarily aims to compare the influence of core stabilization exercise and conventional therapy on motor function, functional independence, and balance, secondarily gait ability, quality of life, and sonographically evaluated core muscle thickness in patients with chronic stroke.

Methods

Participants were randomly allocated into two groups: core stabilization exercise therapy (CSET, n = 25) group received core stability training for 15 min and 30 min of conventional therapy each per day, and conventional exercise therapy (CET, n = 25) group received conventional therapy for 45 min per day, five days per week, for three weeks. Ultrasonography was performed to measure the thickness of the core muscles on both paretic and nonparetic sides. Patients were evaluated at baseline and after three weeks treatment.

Results

Functional Independence Measurement, Berg Balance Scale, 6-Minute Walk Test, Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale and core muscles thicknesses improved significantly in both groups except for the internal oblique muscle of CSET group. The nonparetic side multifidus muscle thickness was significantly different in favor of CSET group ( p = .033).

Conclusions

Conventional and core stabilization exercise therapies in patients with chronic stroke have positive effects on functional independence, balance and gait abilities, quality of life and core muscles thicknesses without being superior to each other.
Dynamics inventory decisions in perishable supply chain considering sudden change in demand and risk attitude
Authors: Zhuoqun Li , Tingting Zuo , Leyun Zou
Published: November 2024

To elucidate the impact of decision-makers’ risk preferences on the perishable-goods supply chain system during demand fluctuations, this study utilizes prospect theory and system dynamics to develop a simulation model that incorporates decision-makers’ risk attitudes. By solving this model with different parameter settings, the Lyapunov exponent is obtained to determine the system’s stability domain under different scenarios. Retailer losses are evaluated using spoilage conversion rates and fresh product stockouts, shedding light on the relationship between system stability and retailer losses. The research aims to explore the optimal ordering strategy under demand fluctuations. The findings indicate that inappropriate inventory strategies, coupled with decision-makers’ risk attitudes, can lead to system oscillations and substantial losses. Conversely, an appropriate inventory strategy coupled with moderate risk aversion can help mitigate retailer losses.
Basque and Occitan in New Aquitaine schools: Philosophical arguments underlying linguistic diversity
Authors: Arrieta Valero Ion , García Zabaleta Omar , Torres Aldave Mikel , Pérez Izaguirre Elizabeth
Published: November 2024

This article focuses on Basque and Occitan in schools in New Aquitaine, France, and analyses the philosophical arguments underlying its constitution. The school model in New Aquitaine depends on the central education system, which protects and promotes French as the majority language, although there are some schools in which the minority languages Basque and Occitan are taught. The article describes the situation of Basque and Occitan in New Aquitaine and seeks to understand, from a philosophical perspective, the ideologies and arguments underlying their linguistic and educational situation. Thus, arguments in favour of both monolingualism and linguistic diversity, as well as the relationships between identity, diversity and linguistic rights are presented. The article concludes with some implications for New Aquitaine’s Basque and Occitan speakers, who lack real opportunities to build a strong linguistic group through the educational system and are therefore disadvantaged in comparison with monolingual speakers of the majority language.
#PositiveAging: A Content Analysis of Positive Aging TikTok Videos
Authors: Amanda Cooper R.
Published: November 2024

The communication ecology model of successful aging (CEMSA) proposes that the messages individuals receive from the social environment, and their own communication about aging, shape the communication ecology of aging, which in turn influences the degree to which individuals experience successful aging. This content analysis study provides insight into the communication ecology of aging by examining the messages about aging forwarded by positive aging TikTok videos. Two-hundred and seventy videos from the top five most viewed positive aging hashtags were coded. Messages about appearance and evaluations of aging appear more frequently than messages about ability or advice about aging. Overall, these videos presented aging in a positive light; however, messages about skin, cognitive ability, advice about aging, and the #agingwell hashtag represented aging in a more negative light. The majority of positive aging TikTok videos feature middle-aged and older adults. Implications for the CEMSA are discussed.
Deriving and validating a risk prediction model for long COVID: a population-based, retrospective cohort study in Scotland
Authors: Jeffrey Karen , Hammersley Vicky , Maini Rishma , Crawford Anna , Woolford Lana , Batchelor Ashleigh , Weatherill David , White Chris , Millington Tristan , Kerr Robin , Basetti Siddharth , Macdonald Calum , Quint Jennifer K , Kerr Steven , Shah Syed Ahmar , Kurdi Amanj , Simpson Colin R , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Rudan Igor , Robertson Chris , Ritchie Lewis , Sheikh Aziz , Daines Luke
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Using electronic health records, we derived and internally validated a prediction model to estimate risk factors for long COVID and predict individual risk of developing long COVID.

Design

Population-based, retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Scotland.

Participants

Adults (≥18 years) with a positive COVID-19 test, registered with a general medical practice between 1 March 2020 and 20 October 2022.

Main outcome measures

Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for predictors of long COVID, and patients’ predicted probabilities of developing long COVID.

Results

A total of 68,486 (5.6%) patients were identified as having long COVID. Predictors of long COVID were increasing age (aOR: 3.84; 95% CI: 3.66–4.03 and aOR: 3.66; 95% CI: 3.27–4.09 in first and second splines), increasing body mass index (BMI) (aOR: 3.17; 95% CI: 2.78–3.61 and aOR: 3.09; 95% CI: 2.13–4.49 in first and second splines), severe COVID-19 (aOR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.72–1.84); female sex (aOR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.53–1.60), deprivation (most versus least deprived quintile, aOR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.36–1.44), several existing health conditions. Predictors associated with reduced long COVID risk were testing positive while Delta or Omicron variants were dominant, relative to when the Wild-type variant was dominant (aOR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.81–0.88 and aOR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.61–0.67, respectively) having received one or two doses of COVID-19 vaccination, relative to unvaccinated (aOR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.86–0.95 and aOR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93–1.00).

Conclusions

Older age, higher BMI, severe COVID-19 infection, female sex, deprivation and comorbidities were predictors of long COVID. Vaccination against COVID-19 and testing positive while Delta or Omicron variants were dominant predicted reduced risk.
Estimating Mediation Effects in ABAB Reversal Designs
Authors: Valente Matthew J. , Pang Jinyong , Rijnhart Judith J. M. , Ferron John , Miočević Milica
Published: November 2024

Single-Case Experimental Designs (SCEDs), or N-of-1 trials, are commonly used to estimate intervention effects in many disciplines including in the treatment of youth mental health problems. SCEDs consist of repeated measurements of an outcome over time for a single case (e.g., student or patient) throughout one or more baseline phases and throughout one or more intervention phases. The manipulation of the baseline and intervention phase make the SCED a type of interrupted time series design, which is considered one of the most effective experimental designs for causal inference. An important step towards understanding why interventions are effective at producing a change in the outcome is through the investigation of mediating mechanisms. Hypotheses of mediating mechanisms involve an intervention variable which is hypothesized to affect an outcome through its effect on a mediating variable. Little work has attempted to combine mediation analysis and ABAB reversal designs. Therefore, the goals of this paper are to define, estimate, and interpret mediation effects for ABAB reversal designs. An empirical example is used to demonstrate how to estimate and interpret the mediation effects. R code is provided for researchers interested in estimating mediation effects in single-case reversal designs.
Reimaging, reallocating, and repositioning organizational resources with the inclusion of employee-centered CSR for organizational resilience
Authors: Low Mei Peng , Cheah Jun-Hwa
Published: November 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic being a systemic crisis shocked the world and underscored the critical need for organizations to reimagine, reallocate, and reposition their resources to ensure survival and resilience. An organization’s resources, particularly human capital, are crucial elements of its success and adaptability in the face of such challenges. The difficulties in obtaining external assistance during the pandemic have further highlighted the importance of innovative strategies like employee-centered CSR (ECCSR) in managing and optimizing organizational resources. Recent studies emphasize the strategic role of ECCSR in bolstering resilience, with a focus on leveraging human capital effectively.

Objective

This study addresses several key objectives. First, it seeks to establish the interrelation between the four types of organizational resources (i.e., economic, human, physical, and social capital) and organizational resilience. It also aims to unveil the connection between employee-centered CSR (ECCSR) and organizational resilience, as well as to examine the relationship between ECCSR and workplace well-being. Additionally, the study investigates the link between workplace well-being and organizational resilience, and lastly, it explores the mediating role of workplace well-being between ECCSR and organizational resilience.

Methods

This study utilized a quantitative research design and employed a purposive sampling technique. The direct and indirect relationships among organizational resources, organizational resilience, ECCSR, and workplace well-being were analyzed using a variance-based structural equation modeling approach.

Results

The results revealed that among the four types of organizational resources, human capital is the most vital resource for organizational resilience. The findings also affirmed the emerging importance of ECCSR for organizational resilience, directly and indirectly through workplace well-being.

Conclusions

The study concludes that in times of crisis when organizations think outside the box by reimagining their situation and reallocating internal resources, such as human capital, they can buffer external shocks. This approach enables organizations to reposition themselves to withstand challenges and develop a strategic competitive advantage. Additionally, the study finds that the presence of ECCSR can cultivate positive employee well-being and organizations can benefit from the reciprocal gains that help them navigate difficult times more effectively. Implementing ECCSR not only fulfills an organization’s role as a responsible employer but also fosters workplace well-being, ultimately strengthening organizational resilience.
A Reanalysis: SRSS-IE Internalizing Cut Scores to Support Data-Informed Decision-Making Efforts in Elementary Schools
Authors: Lane Kathleen Lynne , Pelton Katie Scarlett Lane , Lane Nathan Allen , Buckman Mark Matthew , Oakes Wendy Peia , Fleming Kandace , Romine Rebecca E. Swinburne , Cantwell Emily D.
Published: November 2024

We report findings of this replication study, examining the internalizing subscale (SRSS-I4) of the revised version of the Student Risk Screening Scale for Internalizing and Externalizing behavior (SRSS-IE 9) and the internalizing subscale of the Teacher Report Form (TRF). Using the sample from 13 elementary schools across three U.S. states with 195 K–5 students, we replicated the initial data analytic plan used to determine initial cutting scores. Results from logistic regression and receiver operator characteristic curves suggested the following preliminary SRSS-I4 risk categories: 0–1 low, 2 moderate, and 3–12 high risk for internalizing behavior patterns relative to the TRF internalizing subscale score. Results yielded adequate levels of sensitivity and specificity for the first cut, and questionable sensitivity for the upper cut. We planned to conduct subsequent analysis to address the nested nature of the data. Yet, most teachers completed the TRF for one student making this not possible. We discuss limitations and directions for future research, calling for replication with larger samples to facilitate nesting given schoolwide screening practices involve teachers screening multiple students. We also encourage consideration of two risk categories: 0–1 for low and 2+ for a risk category, not distinguishing between moderate- and high-risk categories.
Evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of 0.34C ultrafine bainitic steel with increasing tempering temperature and holding time
Authors: Jianjun Wang , Huajun Fu , Decheng Jia , Haida Zhang , Yanguo Li , Zhinan Yang , Fucheng Zhang
Published: November 2024

The effects of rapid tempering on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 0.34C ultrafine bainitic steel were studied.

Results

indicate that the carbon atoms in bainitic ferrite gradually segregated to dislocations when tempered at 450°C. Cluster strengthening improved the yield strength of the steel and stabilized the retained austenite. At 650°C, most of the retained austenite was decomposed, and numerous carbides were precipitated. The yield strength of the steel was not reduced, but the plasticity and impact toughness were greatly reduced. The optimum temperature for rapid tempering was 550°C, and its microstructure and mechanical properties gradually changed with the extension of tempering time. The duration of tempering can be determined on the basis of specific requirements.
Predicting final infarct size and clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke after endovascular thrombectomy using the Alberta Stroke Program early CT score on venous-phase CT
Authors: Yin Zi-Xin , Shen Guang-Chen , Ni Wen-Jing , Lu Shan-Shan , Liu Sheng , Shi Hai-Bin , Xu Xiao-Quan , Wu Fei-Yun
Published: November 2024

Background

The Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) is a semi-quantitative tool for evaluating the extent and distribution of early ischemic changes.

Purpose

To assess the value of ASPECTS on non-contrast CT (NCCT), arterial-phase CT (APCT), or venous-phase CT (VPCT) in predicting the final infarct core (IC) on follow-up diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and the clinical outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).

Material and Methods

In total, 120 patients with AIS who underwent EVT in our center were retrospectively enrolled. Correlations between CT-ASPECTS and follow-up DWI-ASPECTS were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Mean differences and limit of agreement (LoA) between CT-ASPECTS and follow-up DWI-ASPECTS were assessed using the Bland–Altman plots. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used to identify independent factors and evaluate their performances in predicting the clinical outcomes.

Results

VPCT-ASPECTS exhibited the highest correlation with follow-up DWI-ASPECTS (r = 0.846, P < 0.001), followed by APCT-ASPECTS (r = 0.613, P < 0.001) and NCCT-ASPECTS (r = 0.557, P < 0.001). The mean difference between VPCT-ASPECTS and follow-up DWI-ASPECTS was 0.0 (limit of agreement = −2.1 to 2.1). National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at admission (NIHSSpre) (odds ratio [OR]=1.162, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.063–1.270; P = 0.001) and VPCT-ASPECTS (OR=0.728, 95% CI=0.535–0.991; P = 0.044) were the independent factors associated with clinical outcomes. The combined model integrating NIHSSpre and VPCT-ASPECTS exhibited an excellent performance in predicting good clinical outcomes (area under curve [AUC]=0.807; sensitivity=75.0%; specificity=72.3%).

Conclusion

VPCT-ASPECTS may be a promising imaging biomarker to predict the final IC and the clinical outcome of the patients with AIS after EVT.
Factors related to acute kidney injury after AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy
Authors: Lee Ye Eun , Kim Kun Yung , Han Young-Min
Published: November 2024

Background

AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy is associated with a higher risk of acute kidney injury due to its potential for inducing mechanical harm and intravascular hemolysis. However, previous studies have focused on a single disease entity.

Purpose

To identify predictors associated with acute kidney injury after AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy across a range of disease entities.

Material and Methods

A total of 95 patients who underwent AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy between October 2018 and April 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. In total, 11 patients were excluded due to the absence of a postprocedural serum creatinine test within 72 h; finally, 84 patients were included. Acute kidney injury was defined as a ≥1.5-fold increase or ≥0.3 mg/dL rise in serum creatinine within 72 h after the procedure. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify risk factors for acute kidney injury.

Results

Technical and clinical success were achieved in all patients (84/84, 100%). Of the 84 patients (40 men [47.6%], 44 women [52.4%]; mean age = 67.2 ± 15.9 years), 15 (17.8%) had developed acute kidney injury. Multivariate analysis showed concurrent malignancy (odds ratio [OR] = 42.231, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.332–764.693; P = 0.011) and AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy in arterial system (OR = 24.109, 95% CI = 1.319–440.551; P = 0.032) as statistically significant predictors of acute kidney injury.

Conclusions

AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy is a potential risk for acute kidney injury. Concurrent malignancy and AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy in the arterial system are independent predictors of acute kidney injury.
Synchronously strengthening and plasticizing of unsaturated polyester resin based on styrene-maleic anhydride oligomer
Authors: Wu Xinrui , Lan Qiong , Yao Junlong , Tian Yalan , Li Susu , Deng Zhitian
Published: November 2024

To synchronously strength and plasticize unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), maleic anhydride were directly added in the unsaturated polyester resin solution and form the styrene-maleic anhydride oligomer (SMAO) without initiation. The creating SMAO cross link with UPR by curing reaction, and the prepared UPR resin exhibit higher tensile, elongation, bending strength and higher impact strength simultaneously, 0.45, 0.36, 0.76 and 0.12 times than UPR matrix, SMAO-UPR exhibits obvious plastic fracture characteristics; The DSC result indicates that the curing degree of SMAO-UPR is 96.55% which is 1.45% lower than that of UPR; The TG result indicates that MA and St mainly form an alternating copolymer below 90°C. The SEM and DMA result indicates that SMAO improves the morphology and structure which shows plastic deformation of UPR, and there is a certain interface effect between SMAO and UPR. Compared with the traditional method of large molecular weight SMA modified UPR, this method of reinforcing UPR is better for mechanical property, easy to operate, inexpensive, and highly applicable in industrial production.
Risk minimizing framework for solar photovoltaics
Authors: Nain Preeti , Bhattacharya Mainak , Kumar Arun
Published: November 2024

The complexity of risk assessment and the challenges in decision-making often impede the application of various models to renewable energy systems. This study introduces a comprehensive framework designed to streamline this process, facilitating informed decisions regarding the estimation of risks associated with solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies. Leveraging data and information available in the literature, the framework is particularly useful for manufacturers in selecting materials that balance low environmental risk with high efficiency. The framework emphasizes early-stage risk minimization by integrating changes during PV development, thereby promoting cleaner production systems. It’s interconnected components encompass various approaches to risk assessment, control, and management, providing a structured methodology for risk reduction. Based on available information, the defined steps guide users through evaluating and mitigating risks. Applying risk minimization by metal substitution approach lowers the oral-ingestion and dermal-contact risk by a magnitude of four and six times, respectively. This framework will guide regulatory bodies throughout each step of the product life cycle, suggesting necessary changes and assessment strategies aligned with the perspectives of various stakeholders. By facilitating the identification and implementation of the most effective risk management strategies, the framework aims to advance the development of sustainable and safe PV technologies.
Evaluation of Effectiveness and Safety of Dexmedetomidine in non-Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Critically ill Patients: A Multicentre Cohort Study
Authors: Basilim Ahmed , Eljaaly Khalid , Aljuhani Ohoud , Korayem Ghazwa B. , Altebainawi Ali F. , Aldhmadi Wadha J. , Alissa Abdulrahman , AlFaifi Mashael , Alharthi Abdullah F. , Vishwakarma Ramesh , alqahtani Reem , Alahmari Ghaida D. , Ibn Khamis Afnan M. , Alenazi Abeer A. , Alharbi Aisha , Alfaraj Lulwa , Alshammari Yasser F. , Abdulqader Marwah I. , Alharbi Mada B. , Alanazi Bayan M. , Alhamazani Atheer E. , Al Sulaiman Khalid
Published: November 2024

Background: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly favored sedative agent in critically ill patients owing to its anxiolytic and analgesic properties, lower risk of delirium, and minimal respiratory depression. Additionally, DEX exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, which have prompted its use in managing COVID-19 patients to mitigate cytokine storm and multi-organ dysfunction. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of DEX use in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Method: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study included adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to the ICUs and did not require invasive mechanical ventilation (MV). Patients were categorized into two groups based on receiving DEX use within 72 h of ICU admission. The primary outcome was respiratory failure requiring invasive MV; other outcomes were considered secondary. Results: A total of 155 patients were included in the study after propensity matching. DEX did not reduce respiratory failure requiring invasive MV (HR 0.66; 95% CI (0.28, 1.53), P = .33). However, the time for invasive MV was statistically significantly shorter in the DEX group compared with the control group (beta coefficient (95%CI): - 1.05 (−2.03, −0.07), P = .03). In contrast, ICU and hospital Length of stay (LOS) were not statistically significant compared to the control group (beta coefficient 0.04 (95% CI −0.29, 0.38), P = .80, and beta coefficient - 0.03 (95% CI −0.33, 0.26), P = .81, respectively). In addition, the 30-day and in-hospital mortality rates were similar between the two groups (HR 1.1; 95% CI 0.97, 1.20, P = .14, and HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.95, 1.06, P = .90, respectively). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine did not appear to lower the risk of respiratory failure necessitating invasive mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. However, the mean time for invasive mechanical ventilation was shorter in the DEX group. Future interventional studies are required to confirm our findings.
Uncommon Threads: Motivations of Men Who Quilt
Authors: French Erin , Sanders Eulanda A.
Published: November 2024

Textile-based leisure activities like quilting are typically associated with women, and men who sew are often stigmatized. The purpose of this research was to examine the psychological needs motivating men to make quilts despite this potential for stigmatization and to offer practical suggestions for normalizing men's participation. Through 15 oral history interviews with men who quilt, four major themes (personal empowerment and well-being, proficiency and resourcefulness, social supports, and social stigma) and 12 subthemes were developed utilizing Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Through the lens of Self-Determination Theory, the narrators’ motivating factors aligned with the fulfillment of the three basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), and although social stigma was evident, the narrators’ social contexts supported fulfillment of these needs. This study contributes to expanding an understudied area of quiltmakers’ lived experiences, advances understanding of gender atypical participation in textile-based leisure activities, and offers suggestions to academia and the quiltmaking industry.
Combined Assessment of Cognitive and Balance Abilities to Predict Falls in Patients in the Convalescent Rehabilitation Ward
Authors: Kawamura Koki , Ishino Shota , Masato Hotta  , Kagaya Hitoshi , Kondo Izumi , Ozaki Kenichi , Kokubo Manabu
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between falls and cognitive and balance problems in patients.

Methods

This retrospective observational study analyzed the medical records of 1010 older patients admitted to a convalescent rehabilitation ward. The primary endpoint was fall occurrence during ward stays. The main outcomes were the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Standing Test for Imbalance and Disequilibrium (SIDE), with patients divided into groups of MMSE ≥28 and <28 and SIDE ≥2b and <2b.

Results

During ward stays, 220 patients (22%) fell. Estimating the fall risk of the MMSE ≥28 + SIDE ≥2b group compared to that of other groups revealed that only the MMSE <28 + SIDE <2b group had a significantly higher fall risk, with a hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] of 3.13 [1.51–6.46].

Conclusion

Combined MMSE and SIDE assessment at ward admission facilitated the easy identification of individuals at high fall risk.
Experimental investigations on metallization in the surface modified additively manufactured plastic substrates using DC sputtering
Authors: Aktitiz İsmail , Darıcık Fatih , Aydın Alkım , Aydın Kadir
Published: November 2024

The application of copper surface coating to plastic structures offers numerous advantages, including high thermal and electrical conductivity, improved mechanical properties, good corrosion resistance, decorative applications, and enhancements in working temperatures. Besides these advantages, producing plastic structures with 3D printing and applying surface coating enables the final structures to become functional plastic structures adaptable to different fields. In this study, 3D plastic structures were produced using the fused deposition modeling method. Pristine, dichloromethane dipping, dichloromethane vapor, cold oxygen plasma, and mechanical abrasion surface treatments were applied to determine the optimal surface treatment between copper and the plastic substrate before copper coating. Subsequently, copper coating on plastic structures was completed using the DC sputtering technique. The surface topography, optical, electrical, and structural properties of the produced plastic structures were examined. According to X-ray diffraction analysis results, the (111), (200), (220), and (311) crystal planes confirm the presence of copper. The electrical conductivity values of the plastic structures reached 7.87 × 105 S/m. Contact angle measurement results indicate that the applied surface treatments increased the contact angles to 88.309°, leading the coated plastic structures to exhibit a more hydrophobic behavior.
The Antecedents of Transformer Models
Authors: Dennis Simon , Shabahang Kevin , Yim Hyungwook
Published: November 2024

Transformer models of language represent a step change in our ability to account for cognitive phenomena. Although the specific architecture that has garnered recent interest is quite young, many of its components have antecedents in the cognitive science literature. In this article, we start by providing an introduction to large language models aimed at a general psychological audience. We then highlight some of the antecedents, including the importance of scale, instance-based memory models, paradigmatic association and systematicity, positional encodings of serial order, and the learning of control processes. This article offers an exploration of the relationship between transformer models and their precursors, showing how they can be understood as a next phase in our understanding of cognitive processes.
The ethical dimensions of utilizing Artificial Intelligence in palliative care
Authors: Oh Oonjee , Demiris George , Ulrich Connie M
Published: November 2024

Palliative care aims to improve the quality of life for seriously ill individuals and their caregivers by addressing their holistic care needs through a person- and family-centered approach. While there have been growing efforts to integrate Artificial Intelligence (AI) into palliative care practice and research, it remains unclear whether the use of AI can facilitate the goals of palliative care. In this paper, we present three hypothetical case examples of using AI in the palliative care context, covering machine learning algorithms that predict patient mortality, natural language processing models that detect psychological symptoms, and AI chatbots addressing caregivers’ unmet needs. Using these cases, we examine the ethical dimensions of utilizing AI in palliative care by applying five widely accepted moral principles that guide ethical deliberations in AI: beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, justice, and explicability. We address key ethical questions arising from these five core moral principles and analyze the potential impact the use of AI can have on palliative care stakeholders. Applying a critical lens, we assess whether AI can facilitate the primary aim of palliative care to support seriously ill individuals and their families. We conclude by discussing the gaps that need to be further addressed in order to promote ethical and responsible AI usage in palliative care.
The macro-structure of football's global migration system: How linguistic, economic, and geographic boundaries constrain player mobility
Authors: Velema Thijs A.
Published: November 2024

Sport sociologists study how macro-level factors structure the global migration flows of athletes in professional football with three perspectives that theorize that some combination of cultural-linguistic similarities, global value-added chains, and geographical proximity structure migration in football. However, most studies use imprecise data and lack a micro-level foundation detailing why the hypothesized macro-structural factors shape the recruitment decisions of clubs and the migration choices of players. This study develops a theoretical framework with refutable hypotheses to analyze why the macro-level factors highlighted in existing theories shape the decisions of clubs and players and tests these hypotheses with data on all inter-country transfers from 2006 to 2022. Results indicate that migration connects all countries in world football, but the largest migration flows occur between countries located in close linguistic, economic, and geographic proximity. These results support theories that emphasize how linguistic and geographic boundaries structure migration, but cast doubt on theories of global value-added chains claiming that migration connects different economic tiers in world football. The labor market in football may be global, but most clubs and players operate in a linguistically, economically, and geographically bounded segment of that global labor market.
Mastering Discrete Skills Through Strategic Incremental Rehearsal
Authors: Novelli Christina
Published: November 2024

Automaticity in discrete skills is vital to developing proficiency in the higher-order abilities necessary for successful school, work, and social outcomes. Unfortunately, many students struggle with this automaticity. Strategic incremental rehearsal (SIR) is an efficient flashcard intervention that improves discrete skill acquisition. This article provides information on SIR, the evidence behind its effectiveness, and guidance on how to implement SIR to promote discrete skill development.
A Rare Case of Mydriasis as an Immediate Complication After Orthognathic Surgery in a Patient with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Silveira Isabela Toledo Teixeira da , Barcellos Bhárbara Marinho , Duarte Bruno Gomes , Mello Marina de Almeida Barbosa , Leite Fernanda , Yaedú Renato Yassutaka Faria
Published: November 2024

This study aims to report a rare complication, anisocoria (mydriasis), in a patient with cleft lip and palate in the immediate postoperative period after orthognathic surgery and discuss the literature surrounding this event. Mydriasis after orthognathic surgery may be related to the separation of the pterygoid plate from the sphenoid bone, which can injure the cranial nerves. Therefore, knowledge of possible anatomical variations of the posterior region of the maxilla becomes extremely important to minimize complications in cleft patients. The reported case highlights the management of anisocoria as a complication as well as the importance of its knowledge.
Recurrent Nodular Fasciitis of the Oral Mucosa: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ovechko Vasily , Peterson Joshua M. , Hasan Hasanain , Yi Christopher , Throndson Roger , Qiu Suimin
Published: November 2024

Among all benign and reactive mesenchymal lesions, nodular fasciitis is most frequently misdiagnosed as a sarcoma due to its concerning clinical and histopathological features: it arises on fascial surfaces, grows rapidly, and may infiltrate into adjacent tissues and blood vessels. The most commonly involved sites include upper extremities, trunk, head, and neck, with rare occurrences in the oral cavity. Recurrences following both incomplete and complete excision are rare, and its natural history progresses through self-limited growth followed by spontaneous regression. Herein we present a rapidly growing nodular fasciitis of the buccal mucosa confirmed by molecular testing for USP6 gene rearrangements which recurred 3 weeks following complete surgical excision. Additionally, we review reports of oral cavity nodular fasciitis between 2011 and 2023. Increasing awareness and diagnostic accuracy of this benign mimicker of oral cavity malignancy will help prevent unnecessary radical surgical resections.
Safety Assessment of Mannitol, Sorbitol, and Xylitol as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Cherian Priya , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Peterson Lisa A. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Fiume Monice , Heldreth Bart
Published: November 2024

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of Mannitol, Sorbitol, and Xylitol as used in cosmetics. These ingredients are reported to function as humectants, skin-conditioning agents, or flavoring agents. The Panel considered the available data and concluded that these sugar alcohol ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in the safety assessment.
Combined sewing machine technique cyclopexy With transscleral diode cyclophotocoagulation for complete posttraumatic cyclodialysis
Authors: Roig-Ferreruela G , Lanzagorta-Aresti A , Pia-Ludeña JV , Martinez-Gil C , Arias-Garcia E , Bautista-Cortiella M
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To describe an alternative technique used in massive post-traumatic cyclodialysis. Classic techniques such as direct cyclopexy are performed ab externo and entail a higher risk of endophthalmitis or ciliary body hemorrhage. Therefore we present a case report using combined sewing machine technique cyclopexy with transscleral diode cyclophotocoagulation for complete post-traumatic cyclodialysis.

Patients

Our patient is a 43-year-old woman who suffered a blunt trauma 9 months ago from an air-bag blunt in a car accident.

Methods

Technique report.

Results

Two weeks post-surgery, there has been an elevation in intraocular pressure (IOP), and the cyclodialysis has been resolved. Additionally, signs of macular hypotony, such as optic nerve head edema and vascular tortuosity, have disappeared. As anticipated, the disappearance of chorioretinal folds occurred later but has also been observed. Furthermore, the best corrected visual acuity has been improved and the induced hyperopia has been corrected from +5 (−1.75 × 20°) to +1.5 (−1.75 × 20°).

Conclusions

Combined sewing machine technique cyclopexy with transscleral diode cyclophotocoagulation for complete post-traumatic cyclodialysis could be an alternative surgical improvement to both direct and indirect cyclopexy. It entails fewer complications, such as endophthalmitis, and offers favorable aesthetic outcomes along with enhanced intraoperative visualization.
Photodynamic Therapy in Acne Vulgaris: A Systematic Review
Authors: Qureshi Simal , Rehan Zahra , Ao Aggie , Mukovozov Ilya
Published: November 2024

Acne is a multifactorial disorder of the pilosebaceous unit. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an energy-based treatment shown to be safe in acne vulgaris, although the mechanism of action of PDT in acne is incompletely understood. This review summarizes the clinical features of and treatment efficacy in acne patients treated with PDT. A systematic review of Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was conducted. Title, abstract, full-text screening, and data extraction were completed using Covidence. Studies reporting the use of PDT in patients with acne were included while clinical features and treatment responses were extracted. Treatment outcomes were scored as complete response, partial response, and no response. After screening a total of 1122 studies, 82 studies met the inclusion criteria, representing 56 prospective studies, 25 randomized controlled trials, and 1 retrospective study. Results representing 4340 patients with acne (mean age 24.4 years; 52% females) treated with PDT are summarized. Overall, 2154 (50%) participants underwent aminolevulinic acid PDT, 452 (10%) participants underwent methyl aminolevulinate PDT, 28 (<1%) participants underwent daylight PDT, and 1706 (39%) underwent other modalities of PDT. The average follow-up period after study completion was 3 months, ranging from 2 weeks to 13 months. A partial response was observed in treated patients with outcome measures including clinical response, lesion count, pain, recurrence, and patient satisfaction. This systematic review provides preliminary data summarizing the clinical features and treatment efficacy in patients with acne treated with PDT. Our results suggest a partial clinical response when using PDT to manage acne. Future studies should focus on standardizing study protocols and drawing direct comparisons between PDT and other modalities for acne treatment.
Domesticating algorithms through data reflectivity and user reflexivity: The metaphor of Yanghao on Xiaohongshu (RED)
Authors: Huang Ying , Miao Weishan
Published: November 2024

Using the concepts of data reflectivity and user reflexivity, this paper explores the intricate interplay between human users and algorithms through the lens of domestication. Through the metaphor of yanghao on the Chinese digital platform Xiaohongshu (RED), this paper posits that three failure types relating to data reflectivity result in dissatisfaction with RED’s algorithmic outputs and a perceived loss of control over algorithmic identity. In response, users reflexively feed six specific types of data into the algorithm to shape its understanding of themselves. Ultimately, by strategically curating data and interacting with an algorithm, yanghao demonstrates a successful domestication process, highlighting how data reflectivity and user reflexivity empower users to gain agency within the human–algorithm power dynamic.
Reforming the shadow carceral state
Authors: Friedman Brittany , Kirk-Werner Gabriela , Fernandes April D.
Published: November 2024

This article examines the repeal of prison pay-to-stay policies in the United States. We process-trace reform efforts in Illinois drawing from novel data retrieved through multiple FOIA requests to state agencies and public records searches. Our analysis reveals how lawmakers who advocated for reforming the shadow carceral state in 2016 and 2019 through repealing prison pay-to-stay repurposed penal logics they had once used punitively in the 1980s and 1990s to enact the same policy—such as protecting taxpayers, fiscal efficiency, and rehabilitation. Our findings advance existing research by suggesting that penal logics are open to interpretation depending on the socioeconomic and historical moment. These contextual factors are also crucial to determining how lawmakers and institutions re-interpret long held penal logics when reforming the shadow carceral state. We argue the ways in which lawmakers strategically operationalize penal logics exemplifies their cultural durability as a resonant means to a political end.
Bridging discourses on health promotion and social sustainability towards healthy community development
Authors: Ihlebæk Camilla , Ånestad Ragnhild , Nordbø Emma C. A.
Published: November 2024

The aim of this paper is to argue for the need to bridge the discourses of health promotion and social sustainability as an important step toward healthy community development. By building on theories and empirical knowledge from both disciplines, we advocate for the field of health promotion to take a more assertive role within the social sustainability discourse because the theoretical and empirical knowledge from health promotion research is needed. Likewise, we argue that the strong emphasis on social justice and contextual community factors within the social sustainability discourse could contribute to developing the health promotion discourse. Furthermore, we suggest that place-based methods and analyses used in current health promotion research could serve as tools to better integrate knowledge on both physical and social dimensions, thereby enhancing inter-disciplinary collaboration to develop socially sustainable communities.