bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergency department visits and associated healthcare costs attributable to increasing temperature in the context of climate change in Perth, Western Australia, 2012–2019
Authors: Tong Michael Xiaoliang , Wondmagegn Berhanu Yazew , Xiang Jianjun , Williams Susan , Hansen Alana , Dear Keith , Pisaniello Dino , Xiao Jianguo , Jian Le , Scalley Ben , Nitschke Monika , Nairn John , Bambrick Hilary , Karnon Jonathan , Bi Peng
Published: May 2021

Increasing temperature and its impact on population health is an emerging significant public health issue in the context of climate change in Australia. While previous studies have primarily focused on risk assessment, very few studies have evaluated heat-attributable emergency department (ED) visits and associated healthcare costs, or projected future health and economic burdens. This study used a distributed lag non-linear model to estimate heat attributable ED visits and associated healthcare costs from 13 hospitals in Perth, Western Australia, and to project the future healthcare costs in 2030s and 2050s under three climate change scenarios—Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs)2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. There were 3697 ED visits attributable to heat (temperatures above 20.5 °C) over the study period 2012–2019, accounting for 4.6% of the total ED visits. This resulted in AU$ 2.9 million in heat-attributable healthcare costs. The number of ED visits projected to occur in the 2030s and 2050s ranges from 5707 to 9421 under different climate change scenarios, which would equate to AU$ 4.6–7.6 million in heat associated healthcare costs. The heat attributable fraction for ED visits and associated healthcare costs would increase from 4.6% and 4.1% in 2010s to 5.0%–6.3% and 4.4%–5.6% in 2030s and 2050s, respectively. Future heat attributable ED visits and associated costs will increase in Perth due to climate change. Excess heat will generate a substantial population health challenge and economic burdens on the healthcare system if there is insufficient heat adaptation. It is vital to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, develop heat-related health interventions and optimize healthcare resources to mitigate the negative impact on the healthcare system and population health in the face of climate change.
The impact of the Corona crisis on the environmental behaviors of different socioeconomic groups
Authors: Peleg-Mizrachi Meital , Tal Alon
Published: May 2021

The Corona pandemic led to changes in consumptions patterns, which are both positive and negative. Past research suggests that crises present opportunities for adopting sustainable consumption practices. Alternatively, they tend to increase frugality which can marginalize environmental considerations. This study extends research conducted in 2018 evaluating the environmental impacts of consumption patterns among Israel’s different socioeconomic deciles. The present research returned to the same respondents, during the first lockdown, assessing how consumptions patterns among different socioeconomic deciles, and support for different environmental policy options were influenced by the Corona crisis. The findings show that the poorest deciles increased their environmentally destructive behavior, while wealthier deciles showed modest improvements. All deciles displayed greater frugality in purchasing. Support was greater for policy interventions framed as environmental than for taxes on daily consumer products. The findings confirm the need for environmental programs which make sustainable consumption more readily accessible to poorer socioeconomic groups.
Response of Batang Piaman Variety of Rice Crops to Fertilizers in Suboptimal Rice Field
Authors: Rozen N , Kasim M , Dwipa I
Published: May 2021

Suboptimal land is a problematic land for rice crop growth. This is because the nutrient content in the soil is very low but the content of iron or aluminium elements is so high, that causes toxicity to plants, and then inhibited plant growth. Therefore, it is necessary to add organic fertilizer to the soil, one of which is cow manure that is available at all times and easy to obtain. In addition to cow manure, kieserite is also important to be given into the soil because kieserite contains magnesium nutrients that are badly needed for plant growth. This research purposes to see the best response of rice plants of Batang Piaman variety to fertilizer given to increase growth and yield on suboptimal land. This study used Completely Randomized Design with 3 fertilizer treatments [100% inorganic fertilizer, cow manure 5 tons/ha+150kg/ha kieserite, and 10 tons/ha of cow manure without kieserite]. Each treatment is replicated 5 times. The data is analyzed with a variety of variance and if the results differ noticeably followed by Honestly Significant Difference [HSD] Post Hoc Test in level 5%. Observations had made on some quantitative parameters. From the results of the study obtained that the best response from rice plants of Batang Piaman variety is obtained in the treatment of cow manure 5ton/ha+150kg/ha kieserite that provides high growth of plants 90 cm and the total number tillers of rice as 34 stems and a yield of 6.52 tons/ha on suboptimal rice field.
Fractionation of secondary metabolites from Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13 based on polarity properties
Authors: Hamzah N A , Fatiah R , Jamsari J
Published: May 2021

Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13 bacteria produce compounds capable of suppressing the growth of various pathogenic fungi. There are several types of compounds produced by these bacteria. The compounds produced by S. plymuthica bacteria have different abilities and characteristics. So, to determine the capabilities and characteristics of each compound, a compound separation technique or method is needed. This study was conducted to determine the optimal mobile phase composition for the separation of compounds. Optimization of the mobile phase was carried out by spotting the extracellular extract of S. plymuthica on thin layer chromatography (TLC) using several comparisons of ethyl acetate with hexane and ethyl acetate with methanol. The separation technique in this research will be useful for further study of the antifungal compound Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13, such as the identification and characterization of each of the compounds it produces. In this study, the best mobile phase was not found in the separation of compounds. There are several mobile phases that separate the compounds, for further test the elution gradient method is used.
Endophytic bacterial consortia as biocontrol of purple blotch and plant growth promoters of shallots
Authors: Resti Z , Warnita  , Liswarni Y
Published: May 2021

Endophytic bacteria have been reported to have roles as biocontrol agents and plant growth promoters. The application of endophytic bacteria in the form of mixed culture [consortia] will provide better effectiveness than when applied alone. This study aimed to obtain a consortium of endophytic bacteria that is effective as a biological control for purple blotch [Alternariaporri], promote the growth and yield of shallots. The research was arranged in a completely randomized design [CRD] consisting of 7 treatments with three replications. The consortium used was a mixture of two strains of Bacillus sp., two strains of B. cereus, two strains of Serratia marcescens, Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, and P. fluorescens. The variables observed in this study included disease progression [incubation period, disease incidence, and disease severity], plant growth [number of leaves and plant height], and yield [fresh weight and dry weight of bulbs]. The results showed that the C consortium [Bacillus sp. strain SJI, Bacillus sp. strain HI, Serratia marcescens strain ULG1E4 and Serratia marcescens strain JBIE3] and G consortium [Bacillus sp. strain SJI, Bacillus sp. strain HI, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Serratia marcescens strain ULG1E4 and Serratiamarcescens strain JBIE3] were the best consortia in suppressing purple blotch disease, as well as in improving the growth and yield of shallots.
Test liquid smoke toxicity for cocoa skin [Theobroma Cacao L.] with the BSLT method at different pyrolysis temperatures
Authors: Budaraga I K , Putra D P
Published: May 2021

Cocoa is one of the leading plantation sector commodities in West Sumatra. Cocoa skin waste is still of little use. One of the uses of cocoa pods can be used as raw material for making liquid smoke. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity properties of liquid smoke of cocoa pod skin with the BLST method at different pyrolysis temperatures. Testing the toxicity of liquid smoke of cocoa skin using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The results LC50 number of cocoa shell liquid smoke at pyrolysis temperature (200°C at 10% water content) was 11,858.58 ppm, pyrolysis temperature (200°C at 15% water content) at 13,094.23 ppm, pyrolysis temperature (200°C at 20 water content %) of 13,373.94 ppm, pyrolysis temperature (200°C at 25% water content) of 15,703.52 ppm. The next a pyrolysis temperature of 300°C 10% water content of 11,604,26 ppm, pyrolysis temperature of 300°C 15% water content of 11,673,05 ppm, pyrolysis temperature of 300°C 20% water content of 13,373,94 ppm, pyrolysis temperature of 25% water content of 13,373.94 ppm. Furthermore, at a pyrolysis temperature of 400°C at a level of 10% at 9,213.73 ppm, a pyrolysis temperature at 400°C at a level of 15% at 13,094237 ppm, a pyrolysis temperature at 400°C at a level of 20% at 13,373.94 ppm, a pyrolysis temperature at a level of 25% at 12,493.63 ppm. All the results of the process of making liquid cocoa skin smoke at different pyrolysis temperatures show the results of liquid smoke with toxic properties classified as non-toxic.
Probiotic research as highest antimicrobial Listeria monocytogenes from virgin coconut oil [VCO] Padang West Sumatra
Authors: Syukur S , Syafrizayanti  , Ismet M , Zulaiha S , Zulkifli
Published: May 2021

Virgin Coconut Oil [VCO] is a natural oil, made from fresh coconut milk fermentation without adding chemicals and other additives. Several Lactic acids Bacteria [LAB], have been isolate and characterization as probiotic. Several 5 different VCO sample products in local Padang Market have been determined. Specifics MRS medium has been used for LAB isolation and morphological characterization. The samples code are A, B, C, D, and E for 5 VCO samples. The highest total colony of LAB is from Samples A, which is about 1377 ×107 CFU/mL. 18 isolates have been identified as Gram-positive bacteria while 8 bacteria’s are coccus and others form basil. All 18 LAB were grown at pH 2, and showing a resistance of about 49 %. Only 50 % of LAB resistant 0,3% oxgall for 4 hours. 3 isolate namely isolate A-1, A-3, and D-1 were showed the highest antimicrobial activities against Listeria monocytogenes with holozone averages of 26 mm. The hydrophobicity against xylene was also determined. The potential A-3 colonies are the highest percentages grown about 19% and resistant to several antibiotics such as Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, and Tetracycline. Molecular identification for potential A-3 using 16S RNA, showing phylogenetics species as Lactobacillus fermentum strain KF7.
Sensory analysis and physicochemical characteristics of carica [Vasconcellea pubescens] fruit leather with seaweed [Eucheuma cottonii] addition
Authors: Sukotjo S , Nurani D , Juliansyah M A
Published: May 2021

Carica [Vasconcellea pubescens] is a type of papaya fruit mostly cultivated in the Dieng area, Central Java, Indonesia. Carica is smaller than regular papaya, has an orange to yellow color, the flesh is tough, has a lot of sap and the taste is a bit sour. One of the products that can be made from Carica is fruit leather. Fruit leather is the processed fruit puree in the form of a thin sheet with a thickness of 2-3 mm, resembles a skin, has a plastic texture, can be rolled, and has a distinctive fruit flavor. The seaweed [Eucheuma cottonii] which mostly contains carrageenan, is added in the process to give the elastic texture to the fruit leather. The purposes of this study are to compare the effect of seaweed concentration on Carica fruit preferred by panelists and to analyze the physicochemical characteristics of the fruit leather. The process of making Carica fruit leather is done by preparing Carica puree, adding sugar, adding seaweed, heating, molding, and drying. The statistical analysis shows no effect of seaweed concentration on the panelists’ preference test. The product has a sweet and slightly sour taste, yellowish to light brown color with the aroma of Carica. The physical analysis shows that the fruit leather has a thickness of 1.8-2.0 mm, a chewy texture, and a yield of 22.46-27.21%. Chemical analysis shows that the water content is 22.18-25.31%, the vitamin C content is 0.94-1.69 mg/100g, and dietary fiber is 5.19-10.31%.
Determination of growth and antioxidant activity assay of in vitro gamma-irradiated Tacca leontopetaloides shoots
Authors: Martin A F , Hapsari B W , Ermayanti T M
Published: May 2021

Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) is a tuberous plant with high starch content similar to those found in potatoes. However, despite its potential as a functional crop, the plant is still underutilized due to limited cultivation by farmers. Besides, a class of specific metabolites found in this plant has the potential as an anticancer drug. In this study, we sought genetic improvement of T. leontopetaloides using Gamma-ray irradiation. The aim of the research was to observe growth, antioxidant activities, and phytochemical properties after Gamma-ray irradiation treatment at 20 Gy dose. We grew the irradiated culture on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP or 0.5 mg/L Kinetin. We recorded the growth every week for eight weeks. After eight weeks of culture, the total fresh biomass, antioxidant activities, and phytochemical properties were calculated. The results showed that a modest growth reduction was found on irradiated plant culture compared with the control culture. Antioxidant IC50 on irradiated culture was lower than the control, which was indicating higher antioxidant activities on irradiated culture. However, no change of phytochemical properties was observed on both irradiated and control culture measured qualitatively. This study reveals a new candidate of T. leontopetaloides mutant induced by gamma-ray irradiation with higher antioxidant activities than its wild type.
Development of Rice Varieties Adaptive to Nontidal Swampland using MABC: Growth Characteristics of Parent Plant and F1 Result
Authors: Suwignyo R A , Irmawati I , Hose F , Aulia S L
Published: May 2021

Lowland swamps have enormous potential and have been proven to provide significant contributions as a buffer in the national food security system. Rice farmers in non-tidal swamplands of South Sumatra plant rice at the end of the rainy season, because they wait for the water to recede, and therefore rice plants are very vulnerable to submerged stress in the vegetative phase and drought stress in the generative phase. This study aims to obtain rice varieties that are adaptive to these conditions and superior to lowland swamp agro-ecosystems. The research was conducted at the Plant Physiology Laboratory and Green House of Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. In this study, reciprocal crosses were carried out between Inpago 5 and Inpara 8 rice varieties. Inpago 5 variety was used because it has tolerant characters to drought stress in the generative phase and also has high production in farmers’ nontidal swampland. Inpara 8 has a Sub1 gene so that resistant to submerged stress in the vegetative phase. The results showed that both varieties had different characters in their growth and yield. Both varieties were crossed reciprocally and the success of crossing was more than 50%. F1 plants will be backcrossed with their female parents to get BC1F1 plants, and then selected using the MABC method [foreground selection, phenotypic selection, and background selection]. From the results of the MABC selection process, there will be BC1F1 plants with the genome proportion close to the female parent and confirmed to have the Sub1 gene.
Digital mapping and soil carbon stock distribution on various landuse of tropical peatland in Pesisir Selatan, West Sumatra
Authors: Naspendra Z , Aprisal A , Hijri N , Harianti M , Junaidi
Published: May 2021

Indonesia has the largest tropical peatlands in the world covered an area of 14.91 million ha. Peatlands play an important role in global carbon sequestration. This study aimed to: a] map the peatland in Pesisir Selatan, Sumatra Barat calculate the soil carbon stock in the peatlands on various land use and peat thickness and c] identify the relationship of soil characteristics to the soil carbon. We investigated thirty soil samples in Pesisir Selatan. The land-use types on peatland in Pesisir Selatan consisted of forest [GH], shrub [GS], oil palm plantations [GPs], annual cropland[GLp], and bareland [GLp]. The results showed that the total area of peatlands in Pesisir Selatan is 78,998.74 ha, while the total amount of soil carbon stocks is 244 million tonnes, and the sequence follows GPs > GS > GH > GT > GLp. The average value of soil carbon stock is 3,090.89 per ha, the sequence follows GH > GS > GT > GPs > GLp. Hence, the average amount of soil carbon stock based on depth is 8,529 tons for peat depth > 600cm, 4,082 tons for peat depth 300-600 cm, and 525 tons for peat depth 0-300 cm. Differences in average values of soil carbon stock per ha are highly influenced by the differences in peat thickness. The dynamics of total carbon show a higher its content in the subsurface layer rather than in the surface layer. The soil carbon is linearly correlated with water content and it is inversely proportional to bulk density.
Potential of biochar bamboo and sub-bituminous coal as amendment of acid mineral soils for improving the growth of arabica coffee [Coffea arabica l.] seedlings
Authors: Prasetyo T B , Naspendra Z , Maulana A , Solfianti M , Krisna S D , Herviyanti
Published: May 2021

Improvement the characteristics of acid mineral soil [Ultisols] is needed to support plant productivity. However, the utilization of biochar combined with sub-bituminous in improving ultisol is still limited. Therefore, this research was conducted by using treatments: 1] Control 0% Sub-bituminous [SBC] + 0% Bamboo Biochar [B]; 2] 100% SBC [20 ton.ha−1]; 3] 75% SBC + 25% B; 4] 50% SBC + 50% B; 5] 25% SBC + 75% B; and 6] 100% B [20 ton.ha-1] This study was designed using Completely Randomized Design [CRD] with 3 replications. The results showed that the application of combined biochar and sub-bituminous had a significant effect in improving ultisol’s fertility characteristics. There are two treatments that provide the most significant results for improving soil properties, namely 100% sub-bituminous treatment with a significant effect in increasing pH [1.3 pH units], Organic carbon [3.34%], Total N [0.12%], CEC [10.87 cmol/kg and Ca2+ [1.2%]. However, 50% sub-bituminous + 50% bamboo biochar treatment have a significant effect in increasing Available P [1.1 ppm], CEC [9.04 cmol/kg K+ [0.51 cmol/kg], Ca2+ [1.37 cmol/kg], and Mg2+ [1.27 cmol/kg]. In addition, application of 50% sub-bituminous + 50% bamboo biochar gave the best result for the plant height, branches and leaves of the coffee plants.
Performance of Some Soil Physical Properties of Arabica Coffee Plantation in Solok Regency
Authors: Adrinal  , Gusmini  , Darfis I. , Putri Elsa L.
Published: May 2021

Arabica coffee also known as mountain coffee is one of the plantation crops that has great potential to be developed on agribusiness scale in Solok Regency due to its suitability on agro-climate region for growth and also may provide great expectation of financial benefit for farmers as well as for economical aspect for the region. A study of soil physical properties under different age of arabica coffee was conducted from April to November 2020 in Lembah Gumanti, Pantai Cermin and Danau Kembar subdistricts, Solok Regency, West Sumatra. The aim of this study was to analyse some of soil organic matter, particle size distribution (soil texture), bulk density, total porosity, and aggregate stability index on different ages from five locations of arabica coffee plantation. Results showed that the soil physical properties of the arabica coffee of 1, 4, 8, and 13 years old, and secondary forest has been changed. The only the soil permeability of the 20-40 cm depth showed significantly different. These may be due to the difference in organic matter application and management in different age of arabica coffee plantation.
Phytoremediation Agents of Rice Biochar and Cage Fertilizer in Ex-Gold Mining and The Sunflower Growth
Authors: Gusmini G , Adrinal A , Putri E L , Panji R. , Husna F E
Published: May 2021

Degraded former gold mining land so that soil fertility is very minimal. Ameliorant mining with an open system causes increased oxidation of sulfurous minerals which reduces nutrient levels and accumulation of heavy metals on the soil surface. This research aims to improve the physical properties of the former gold mining area. This study used a completely randomized design method of 6 treatments with 4 replications. The treatment dose used was 40 tons/ha. The results of this study are that the application of rice husk biochar with manure can provide the best nutrients and growth for sunflower plants.
Erosion hazard index [EHI] on different land use in sub-watershed Kaos, Jambi
Authors: Ramadhan S , Hermansah  , Rusman B , Yasin S
Published: May 2021

Soil degradation that occurs in watershed Batanghari is generally caused by accelerated erosion due to land conversion. Sub-watershed Kaos is one of the sub-watershed from watershed Batanghari that has forest conversion to oil palm plantations is 7,846 Ha from the period 1995-2018. This research aims to assess the Erosion Hazard Index [EHI] on forest land use, land clearing, and oil palm plantation in Sub-Watershed Kaos-Jambi. The data analysis method used the survey method and erosion prediction using the Universal Soil Loss Equation [USLE] model. The EHI was counted by the amount of soil eroded [ton/ha/year] divided by soil erosion that can be tolerated [ton/ha/year]. The result of this research showed that the forest’s erosion value is 9.80 ton/ha/year, land clearing is 249.17 ton/ha/year and oil palm plantation is 89.12-122.94 ton/ha/year. The soil erosion can be tolerated on the forest is 36.54 ton/ha/year, land clearing is 57.71 ton/ha/year and oil palm plantation is 54.42-57.49 ton/ha/year. Furthermore, the lowest value of EHI is 0.27 [low grade] and the highest value of EHI is 4.32 [high grade], whereas the EHI value on oil palm plantation is between 1.64 to 2.14 [medium grade]. The EHI in Sub-Watershed Kaos is in low, medium, and high categories. The medium grade and high grade of The EHI will cause soil degradation, such as decreasing soil quality and also loss of organic matter and soil nutrients because of erosion and runoff. Therefore, it must apply soil conservation and agrotechnology application in land clearing and oil palm plantation.
In-silico construction of potential cis-acting elements from PD_CbNPR1 with T7 minimal promoter
Authors: Oktavioni M , Tjong D H , Jamsari J
Published: May 2021

A hybrid promoter is a synthetic promoter engineering technique that has a function as a tool for cis-acting elements validation. The hybrid promoter is assembled by combining the minimal promoter [MP] with fragments containing cis-acting elements. PD_CbNPR1 from Capsicum annuum cv. Berangkai has several potential cis-acting elements for the regulation of plant resistance gene expression but has not been validated in the in-vitro assay. The potential elements are the W-Box motif which has three variations, then the WLE1 and RAV1AAT which have one variation motif. Sequences containing the cis-acting elements of PD_CbNPR1 were synthesized as fragment g-block. The MP used was the T7 Promoter in the pET28a[+] plasmid. The g-block fragment will be fused in the upstream region of the T7 Promoter. Before constructing the hybrid promoter in-vitro, it is necessary to construct the T7 promoter with cis-acting elements in-silico. The software used in this research was the plasmid editor ApE vers.2.0.36. The in-silico construct of the T7 promoter with cis-acting elements aimed to obtain plasmid construction designs that will be assembled in-vitro. The constructs obtained in this study consisted of six variations, in the form of a circular plasmid contains the potential cis-acting element. These constructs are called constructs A [WBox1-WBox2-WBox3-WLE1-RAV1AAT + pET28a[+]], B [WBox1 + pET28a[+]], C [WBox2 + pET28a[+]], D [WBox3 + pET28a[+]], E [WLE1 + pET28a[+]], and F [RAV1AAT + pET28a[+]]. The six constructs will be used in further study to regulate gene expression, as a tool to validate the cis-acting elements’ role in-vitro.
Cloning Reference Gene rpoB in Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13
Authors: Trivano R , Fatiah R , Jamsari J
Published: May 2021

The rpoB gene is one of the housekeeping genes in the Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13. This gene is usually used as a reference gene in qPCR analysis to quantify the expression level of the target gene. In the absolute analysis, the reference gene qPCR was cloned to create a standard curve for calculating the copy number of the target gene expression level. The method used in this study was to clone a partial rpoB gene through the ligation to pGEM®-T Easy plasmid cloning vector and transform it to E. coli Dh5a to proliferation recombinant plasmid. The results of this study indicated the reference rpoB gene was successfully cloned using pGEM®-T Easy with the size of insert gene 118 bp length.
RNA-sequencing for transcriptomic analysis of chili peppers induced by Serratia plymuthica strain UBCF_13
Authors: Gozalia E N , Tjong D H , Renfiyeni R , Jamsari J , Nova B
Published: May 2021

Non-pathogenic bacteria are used as biocontrol agents in plants because of their capability to induce the plant’s resistance system through the ISR [Induction Systemic Resistance] mechanism. Rhizobacteria are known for their ability to signal the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and ethylene, also stimulate an increased expression level of resistance genes and auxin in plants. RNA-sequencing can be used to analyze the transcriptomic profile of plants. In this study, we used the bacteria Serratia plymuthica strain UBCF_13 to induce the resistance system of chili plants. This study aimed to obtain information on the transcriptome level of chili after being induced by the bacteria. This study is expected to be a useful reference for generating transcriptome data of bacteria UBCF_13 as a biocontrol agent. For RNA sequencing, we used two different plants, namely plants without and with the induction of bacteria UBCF_13. The bacteria UBCF_13 [OD600 1] was applied 12 days after planting in the root area. Total RNA was isolated from plant roots after 14 days of treatment. Differential gene expression, GO enrichment, and KEGG analysis showed that the resistance genes expression increases. Genes involved in hormone signal transduction like tryptophan metabolism is affected by the induction of bacteria UBCF_13. The AUX1 [Auxin Influx Carrier], SAUR [Small Auxin Up RNA], and GH3 [Gretchen Hagen 3] genes family in the tryptophan metabolism become upregulated.
Direct organogenesis of patchouli [Pogostemon cablin Benth]
Authors: Yusniwati Y , Setiawan R B , Syarif Z , Yusmarni Y , Fitriawati F
Published: May 2021

Patchouli [Pogostemon cablin Benth] is a plant that produces essential oils that are used for various industrial purposes. To increase the productivity of patchouli, quality seeds are needed. Patchouli propagation can be performed by in vitro culture such as direct or indirect organogenesis. The purpose of this study was to obtain the types of explants and composition of the media to inducing shoot through direct organogenesis. The research used a factorial completely randomized design. The first factor was the type of explants [leaves and nodus], the second factor was the concentration of BA [0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 ppm]. Data were analyzed using the F test and Duncan as posthoc test using the STAR [Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research]. The results showed shoot induction time varies from 9.3-21.7 days after culture. BA with 0.3 ppm gives the best performance in a number of the shoot and shoots height about 16.3 shoots and 2.1 cm, respectively.
Diversity of flower visitor insects in monoculture of luffa [Luffa acutangula L.] and intercropping of luffa and bitter melon [Momordica charantia L.]
Authors: Pujiastuti Y
Published: May 2021

Insects play important roles in pollinating flowers. The success of a plant to produce fruit depends more on the pollinating insects than other factors. This research aimed to study the diversity of species of flower-visiting insects and their role in monoculture and intercropping systems. The research was conducted on luffa [Luffa actangula] and intercropping between luffa and bitter gourd [Momordica charantia] in a vegetable crop center in Tanjung Pering Village, Inderalaya District, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatera. Insects observations were carried out visually [scan sampling] and insects behavior was documented. The observations indicated in intercropping plants the number of insects visiting flowers was more than in monocultures, both in terms of species and numbers. The monoculture system was visited by 4 orders, 5 families, and 7 species, whereas the intercropping system was visited by 6 orders, 12 families, and 16 species. Insects visiting flowers, both adult and larva/nymph, acted as flower eaters, predators, parasitoids, and pollinators. The visit times varied with an intercropping range of 10 seconds to 3 minutes. The order of Hymenoptera dominated the presence of insects both in monoculture and intercropping systems.
Multiplication of arabica “Solok Rajo” coffee through bio cellular technology
Authors: Suliansyah I , Yusniwati  , Resigia E , Febjislami S , Warnita  , Amanda CP , Rahimah L
Published: May 2021

The extensification of Rajo coffee cultivation faces obstacles due to the limited quality of planting material. Biocellular technology can be used for the mass propagation of plants in a short time. The objective of this study was to develop an effective in vitro protocol for propagating Rajo coffee. The media used for in vitro coffee seed germination was MS media strength [0; ¼; ½; ¾; 1 MS [full]]. Subsequently, the explant was transferred to full MS media supplemented with BAP [0,0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5; 10,0 mg l−1]. Callus induced from young leaves cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D [2,0; 3,0; 4,0 mg l−1] and BAP [0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 mg l−1]. From the initial experimental results obtained that seeds can be considered a good starting material for in vitro establishment in the propagation of Arabica coffee “Solok Rajo”. The ¼ MS medium gave more root, hypocotyls, and plantlet length, and full cotyledonary leaves expansion. The addition of 5.0 and 7.5 mg l−1 BAP was able to increase the number of shoots and shoot length. BAP and 2,4-D affected callus initiation and development of Rajo coffee explants, where all concentrations could induce callus, but 3,0 mg l−1 2,4-D was able to induce callus better and faster. There was no interaction between 2,4-D and BAP for callus induction and there was no effect between the addition of 2 mg l−1, 3 mg l−1, and 4 mg l−1 on callus induction. The addition of BAP affected the callus induction time and callus fresh weight. In general, callus formed has a friable structure with yellowish-white color.
Optimization of antagonistic activity of the extracellular compound Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13 against phytopathogenic fungi through the addition of carbon and nitrogen
Authors: Sulastri I , Aisyah S N , Syukriani L , Jamsari J
Published: May 2021

Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13 is one of the biocontrol bacteria that can suppress the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. Bacterial antifungal activity is influenced by several environmental factors, including the addition of carbon and nitrogen sources. This study aimed to determine the carbon and nitrogen sources that can encourage the maximum antagonistic activity of the extracellular compound from S. plymuthica UBCF_13. Carbon and nitrogen sources used in this study were glucose, sucrose, glycerol, ethanol, peptone, ammonium sulfate, tryptone, and yeast extract, with a concentration of 2 %. Bacterial extracellular compounds were applied to phytopathogenic fungi [Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Fusarium oxysporum] to see their antifungal activity. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way variance with DNMRT at the 5 % level. The best antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides resulted from the addition of carbon source [ethanol] 22.28 % and nitrogen source [peptone] 16.94 %. The best antifungal activity against S. rolfsii fungi resulted from the addition of carbon source [ethanol] 14.67 % and nitrogen source [ammonium sulfate] 15.53 %. The inhibition ability of the extracellular bacterial compounds of S. plymuthica UBCF_13 in recording the growth of S. rolfsii with the addition of carbon and nitrogen is fairly low. S. plymuthica bacteria are less able to produce antifungal compounds that can suppress the growth of S. rolfsii fungi. The best antifungal activity against F. oxysporum fungi resulted from the addition of carbon source [ethanol] 8.47 % and nitrogen source [ammonium sulfate and tryptone] 28.25 % & 26.88 %.
Cellulolytic and xylanolytic faecal bacteria from tedong bonga, [Toraja buffalo, Bubalus bubalis carabanesis]
Authors: Saputra S , Dinoto A
Published: May 2021

The gastrointestinal tract of ruminants contains a considerable number of microbes that can utilize lignocellulosic biomass from plants. In this study, faecal samples of a local white spotted swamp buffalo or tedong bonga from North Toraja, South Sulawesi [Bubalus bubalis carabanesis] were investigated to aimed bacterial isolate that are capable of degrading both cellulose and xylan. Direct isolation and enrichment methods were performed by using selective medium containing 1% carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC] or xylan in the isolation process. Plate screening and enzyme quantification indicate that 11 out of 25 isolates have double actions of cellulase and xylanase with the range of 0.18-0.30 U/ml and 0.10-1.56 U/ml, respectively. Further, molecular identification using 16S rRNA gene for four selected isolates shows that three strains [KBX04, KBX07 and KBX08] were identical to Bacillus altitudinis 41KF2bT [100%] while another strain [KBX03] were identical to Cellulomonas flavigena DSM 20109T [99%]. We demonstrated that faeces from ruminants are a promising source for lignocellulose degrading bacteria that could be used for biomass conversion.
Factors affecting consumer’s purchasing decision of vegetables during Covid-19 pandemic in Padang, West Sumatera
Authors: Yusmarni Y , Putri A , Paloma C
Published: May 2021

The human need for healthy food containing sufficient nutrition for health and increases body immunity is essential during the Covid-19 pandemic. Vegetables and fruits are the primary sources of nutrients rich in vitamins and minerals needed for health. However, people are advised to limit outdoor activities to prevent the virus’s spread during this pandemic. It will impact people’s efforts to meet their various needs, including the need for vegetables and fruit. This study aimed to observe and analyse what factors affect consumer decisions in purchasing vegetables either online or offline during the Covid-19 pandemic in Padang City The method used is a survey method with a sample of 100 vegetable consumers in Padang city who were selected accidentally. The variables used in the study were product quality, price, easy access to vegetables, the influence of friends and family, age, purchase motivation, and purchase method. The data were analysed quantitatively using multiple regression analysis. The results showed that simultaneously all variables affect purchase decisions. However, partially only four variables significantly influence consumer decisions in buying vegetables during the Covid-19 pandemic, namely ease of access, the influence of friends and family, purchase motivation, and purchasing methods.
Livelihood strategies of farmers in Padang City during pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Astuti N B , Mutiara V I , Hariance R
Published: May 2021

Pandemic Covid 19 has affected all life sectors. One of the sectors affected by this condition is the livelihood strategies of the farmers. This research aimed to identify the livelihood strategies of farmers in Padang City during Covid-19. The research was conducted using a survey method in three selected districts in Padang City, namely Kuranji, Pauh, and Koto Tangah. They were selected based on the most populated districts in Padang City. 150 households were interviewed, which represented 50 households of each district. Data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative analysis. The research results show that there are two kinds of livelihood strategies both on-farm and off-farm, which are survival strategy and collaborative strategy. Households that using survival strategies are characterized by limited natural resources, such as limited land, and do not have any permanent job in the off-farm sector. While households using collaborative strategy are characterized by the utilization of family labor in an informal off-farm sector such as small scale business and any work that relies on labor.
Impact of entrepreneurial characteristics, access to credit and product innovation on the coffee powder agroindustry business performance in rural areas
Authors: Suryani N , Nofialdi N , Azriani Z , Hendri M
Published: May 2021

The competitiveness of rural coffee agroindustry needs to be designed to increase the income of coffee entrepreneurs in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impacts of entrepreneurial characteristics, Access to Credit, and product innovation on the business performance of the coffee powder agroindustry. Data collection was carried out through field observations in-depth interviews. Key informants were all parties related to the development of the Robusta coffee agroindustry, and the research respondents were 49 coffee powder processors in coffee canters in Tanah Datar Regency. Data analysis was performed using descriptive methods and the Structural Equation Model (SEM) using smartPLS. Entrepreneurial characteristics have a significant effect on access credit, and then Access to Credit has a significant effect on business performance. The entrepreneurial characteristics also have a significant effect on the coffee powder agroindustry business performance.
Blue-barred parrotfish Scarus ghobban Forsskål, 1775: is it a protogynous?
Authors: Tresnati J , Utari D , Yasir I , Aprianto R , Rahmani P Y , Yanti A , Tuwo A
Published: May 2021

The blue-barred parrotfish Scarus ghobban is a reef fish that has not been a target fish in the past, but is now becoming a target fish. The blue-barred parrotfish is a monochromatic fish, so that the sex of individual cannot be identified based on secondary sexual characters. This research aimed to determine whether the blue-barred parrotfish is protogeny. The parameters observed were sex ratio, gonad maturity and size at first maturity. The sex ratio of Blue-barred parrotfish was not balanced. This study cannot reinforces the previous assumption that Blue-barred parrotfish was protogeny because the distribution of sex ratio related to the length class was dominated by males. This study cannot also reinforces the previous assumption that Blue-barred parrotfish is protogeny because the distribution of sex ratio related to the length class was dominated by males. The size at first maturity of the male Blue-barred parrotfish is 24.0 cm and the female is 31.6 cm. Small length class which was dominated by males, and size at first maturity of males which was smaller than females reinforces the assumption that Blue-barred parrotfish was not hermaphrodite protogynous, but dioecious. This is just a preliminary suspicion, more detailed studies are ongoing.
Reproductive strategy of rivulated parrotfish Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes, 1840
Authors: Tuwo A , Tresnati J , Huda N , Yasir I , Rahmani P Y , Aprianto R
Published: May 2021

The rivulated parrotfish Scarus rivulatus is a reef fish that use not to be a target fish, but is now becoming a fisheries target. This change in status is causing the rivulated parrotfish population to be depressed due to fishing effort and interspecific and intraspecific competition in their habitat. This research aimed to examine the parrotfish’s reproductive strategies and tactics. The parameters observed were sex ratio, gonad maturity and first maturity at the female and male. Sex and gonad maturity was determined based on the macroscopic characteristics of the gonads. First maturity was estimated based on the total length. This study indicates that the sex-ratio of rivulated parrotfish was unbalanced, males was fewer than females (1: 2.49). The maturity stages of male and female were quite synchronous. Early maturation and maturity stages that were dominant during the study indicate that rivulated parrotfish can spawn at any time throughout the year. The size at first maturity of rivulated parrotfish was achieved very quickly with sizes 16.9 for female cm and 24.3 cm for male. Females that mature more quickly are an indication that the rivulated parrotfish is protogynous. An imbalance in sex ratios, spawning at any time throughout the year, early maturity, and protogynous could be a strong indication that rivulated parrotfish was an r-strategy.
Zooplankton Tintinnopsis dominance in the Estuary of Polong River, Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Massinai Arniati , La Nafie Yayu Anugrah , Amri Khairul , Hamdiah  , Farid Samawi Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Genus Tintinnopsis is a microzooplankton from the protozoa (ciliate) group that lives in various habitats in marine waters. Like other zooplankton, Tintinnopsis holds important roles in the food chain. An investigation on the zooplankton community focusing on species composition had been conducted in July 2020 in Polong River estuary, Pangkajene District, South Sulawesi. Sampling was carried out at four stations, each with three replications. Seventy-five liters of seawater were filtered using a plankton net 25 (0.06 mm) into a 100 mL sample bottle and added with 2mL of 1% Lugol. Zooplankton species were counted and identified by putting 1ml of water sample on a Sedgwick Rafter counter and observed on a microscope. Zooplankton identification followed Identification of Marine Plankton and Marine Plankton A Practical Guide. The number of zooplankton differences amongst stations was analyzed statistically by using a one-way ANOVA. Results showed that Tintinnopsis were found in all stations, and were most abundant in station 2, followed by stations 1, 3, and 4. There were two other zooplankton species found in the area, i.e. nauplii Copepoda (stations 1, 3, and 4) and Apocyclops sp (station 2). Each species composition was 80.60%, 18.62% and 0.78% for Tintinnopsis sp., nauplii copepods and Apocyclops sp., respectively. One-way ANOVA also showed no significant differences in the individual abundances amongst station (CI 95%; (p>0.05).
Species composition of birds in converted coastal area of Barru Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Priosambodo D , Nadiarti N , Nafie YA La , Jamal M
Published: May 2021

Sulawesi, the largest island in Wallacea region is well-known for its avifauna diversity and endemism. The island is mountainous and surrounded by long coastline with mangrove and wetland ecosystems. To date, most of coastal area converted into fishpond, rice field and settlement. As a result, many species are seriously threatened by land conversion. Nevertheless, species composition of birds in the converted coastal area has poorly studied. To fill in the information gaps, we conducted research in Universitas Hasanuddin fishpond. The fishpond situated in Tanjung Kupa, a small peninsula in Mallusetasi subdistrict, Barru regency, South Sulawesi. This research aimed to figure out the species composition, ecological niche, conservation status and feeding guild of the bird at converted coastal area. Data were collected using MacKinnon list method in the morning at 06.30-09.30 and in the afternoon at 15.30-17.30 from August to September 2020. From the observations, we recorded 37 bird species from 25 families consist of 29 resident, 4 migratory, 3 introduce and 1 endemic species. Most of common birds species dominated by open-country specialist which indicates a change in the composition of bird species in the converted coastal areas of Barru Regency.
A preliminary study of the effect of different seedling sources on growth of seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii cultivated in Konawe Selatan and Bombana Regency, Southeast (SE) Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Aslan La Ode Muhammad , Iba Wa , Patadjai Andi Besse , Ruslaini  , Rahim Manat
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this preliminary study was to determine the effect of different seedling sources on growth of K. alvarezii. There were three seedling sources used in this study: local strain, tissue-cultured seedlings, and seedlings resulting from mass selection combined with tissue–cultured method called “prof”. This research was conducted for 6 months in two regencies, Konawe Selatan and Bombana, SE Sulawesi, Indonesia, using the longline seaweed culture method. The results showed that the daily growth rate (DGR) during this study tended to fluctuate within each treatment, but tissue-cultured and “prof” seedlings had higher mean DGRs than local strain seedlings. In Konawe Selatan, the mean of DGR was highest in tissue-cultured seedlings (5.72 ±0.13%/day), followed by prof seedlings (5.21 ±0.26%/day) and local strain seedlings (4.58±0.23%/day). In addition, the DGRs peaked in November when the tissue-cultured seedlings had the highest DGR (6.20 ±0.35%/day) followed by prof seedlings (5.92 ±1.03%/day) and local strain seedlings (5.39±0.67%/day). In Bombana, the tissue-cultured seedlings had higher DGRs than prof and local strain seedlings. The mean DGR of tissue-cultured seedlings was 4.61 ±0.19%/day followed by prof seedlings (4.18 ±0.13%/day) and local strain seedlings (3.61±0.19%/day). However, in contrast to the results obtained from Selatan Konawe, the DGRs peaked in September, when tissue-cultured seedlings had the highest DGR (4.61 ±0.14%/day) followed by prof seedlings (4.49 ±0.15%/day) and local strain seedlings (4.11±0.05%/day). This study shows that tissue-cultured and prof seedlings have the potential to increase seaweed farming production.
Effect of different doses of saponins and salinity on giant tiger prawn Penaeus monodon and Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Yasir I , Tresnati J , Aprianto R , Yanti A , Bestari A D , Tuwo A
Published: May 2021

The Nile TilapiaOreochromis niloticusis considering as a pest in shrimp farming ponds, as it is a shrimp competitor and predator of benthic organisms. This study aims to determine the effective and efficient saponins doses to eradicate tilapia without causing shrimp mortality. The study used two different saponins doses (200 kg/ha and 100 kg/ha) with seven different levels of salinity (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 ppt). The saponins doses used in this study had no effect on shrimp mortality, but had a significant effect on mortality of nile tilapia. The mortality of nile tilapia was 100% for all treatments. The death time of nile tilapia decreased significantly with increasing salinity. Longest nile tilapia death time was found at 10 ppt water salinity; this salinity is close to that of body fluids (14 ppt). The greater the difference between the ion content of body fluids and water ions in the test media, the faster the time of death. The effects of bleeding on the operculum, pectoral and caudal fins are more severe at high salinity. It is advisable not to increase the saponins doses, use the same saponins doses at any salinity, because predatory and competitive fish will die at any salinity.