bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effervescence-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for extraction and preconcentration of organochlorine pesticides in water samples
Authors: Tesfaye Bereket , Girma Asere Tsegaye , Jilo Molole Guyo , Gure Abera
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT. In this paper, effervescence-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method has been developed for the extraction and preconcentration of organochlorine pesticides in water samples before their determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method involves in-situ generation of CO2 bubbles to induce dispersion of the extraction solvent in the aqueous sample. Different parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of the method including the type and concentration of the effervescent agents as well as the type and volume of extraction solvent were optimized. Under optimum conditions, matrix matched calibration curves were constructed at eight concentrations ranging from 0.6–4.0 ng/mL showed good linearity with coefficient of determinations of ≥ 0.9961. The limits of detections and quantifications ranged from 0.2–0.4 and 0.6–1.0 ng/mL, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions studied at two concentration levels had below 5% relative standard deviation values. Similarly, recoveries investigated at two concentration levels ranged from 80.7–117.4%. The findings demonstrated that proposed method is simple, rapid, and efficient to be used as alternative method for analysis of organochlorine pesticides from environmental water and other similar matrices.

 

KEY WORDS: Effervescence agents, CO2 bubbles, Organochlorine pesticides, Water samples, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1109-1122.                                                           

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.4
Synthesized and hypothesized schiff base ligand and its metal(II) complexes DNA binding mode
Authors: Puthilibai G. , Devatarika V. , Haewon Byeon , Sundar Behura Shyam , Kumar Lautre Hitendra , Subha V. , Sangwan Pardeep , Sunil J.
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT. Metal complexes play an important role in agriculture, pharmacology, medicine, and industrial chemistry. Schiff base metal compounds are the fusion products of propene and aldehydes, require a metal surrounded by an ion or cluster of molecules to form. Metal complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) have also been created. Elemental analysis is used to analyses the structure and related compounds of the produced Schiff base ligand. According to deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) binding tests, Schiff base metal(II) complexes attach to DNA in an intercalative form with weak covalent connections. The predicted DNA binding mode supports an increase in the complexes' binding activity in the presence of newly generated ligand. The cleavage activities of the DNA were recorded using gel-electrophoresis in the presence and absence of the complexes. The findings of the cleavage experiment show that all of the produced chelates can successfully cut DNA.

 

KEY WORDS: Schiff base ligand, DNA, Metal(II) complex, Hetero-ligand cobalt(II), Aldehydes

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1133-1139.                                                          

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.6
Synthesis and spectroscopic investigations of Au(III) seleno-organic complexes
Authors: H. Abdel-Hafez Shams , S. Refat Moamen
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT. Heterocyclic pyridazine continues to attract great interest, mainly arising from a large variety of interesting pharmacological activities, herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides. On the other hand, the current interest in selenium-containing heterocycles is a result of their chemical properties and biological activities. In addition to the many recent publications dealing with the pharmacological potential of a selenium compound, new active formulations are an attractive target for chemical research. 2-((3-cyano-4,6-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)selanyl) acetic acid (pyd-Se), 2-((4-cyano-5,6-diphenylpyridazin-3-yl)selanyl)acetic acid (pydz-Se) and 2-((4,6-dimethyl quinolin-2-yl)selanyl)acetic acid (quin-Se) reacts with gold(III) chloride to produce metal ion complexes of specific composition. These synthesized complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductivity, FTIR, 1H NMR and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations. The complexes were found to have the formulas [Au(pyd-Se)2]Cl, [Au(pydz-Se)2]Cl and Au(quin-Se)2]Cl, respectively.

 

KEY WORDS: Au(III), Organoselenium, Complexation, FTIR, 1H NMR, TEM

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1141-1150.                                                           

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.7
The Scattering and Absorption Coefficients of Atmospheric Soot in the Hygroscopicity of Urban Aerosols
Authors: Akpootu D.O. , Bello G. , Alaiyemola S.R. , Abdullahi Z. , Aruna S. , Umar M. , Badmus T.O. , Isah A.K. , Abdulsalam M.K. , Aminu Z.
Published: August 2023

Aerosols are microscopic solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere that have an impact on the Earth's radiative balance. This paper modeled and investigates the effect of scattering and absorption coefficients along with their respective hygroscopicity of atmospheric soot using extracted data from Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds (OPAC) incorporated with Fortran at spectral range of 0.25 to 1.00 m for eight different relative humidities (RHs) (0, 50, 70, 80, 90, 95, 98 and 99%). The fine – mode and coarse – mode aerosol size distribution were also investigated. The particle number densities of soot were varied as 110,000 120,000 and 130,000 cm-3 while the water soluble and insoluble components were kept constant. The scattering coefficient decreases with RHs and also with wavelength in the form of power law at all RHs. The absorption coefficient increases with addition of soot, reflecting warming effect. In  this study, it was observed that there is a pronounced hygroscopicity growth as from 95-99% RHs. The Ångström exponent decreases with increase in RHs for the case of scattering coefficient but varies for absorption coefficient; the curvature reveals the presence of both fine and coarse mode particles. The results of the turbidity coefficient (????) based on the scattering coefficient indicated that the atmosphere is  relatively clear and hazy while the absorption coefficient indicated that the atmosphere is relatively clear at 0 – 99% relative humidity. The  results in this study revealed that the coefficient of determination, ???? 2 > 96% for all the models (1 – 3).
Evaluation of Seed Extracts of Azadirachta indica. Juss (Meliaceae) as Pesticide for the Treatment of Stored Bean Seeds
Authors: Musah M. , Mohammed M. , Mathew J.T. , Umar M. T.
Published: August 2023

This study sought to ascertain the potentials of extracted oil and various partition portions of the seed extract of Azadirachta indica in the  control of insect (Callosobrochus maculatus) infestation of stored bean seeds. The extracted oil significantly enhanced feeding  deterrence in the insect, grain damage was greatly reduced as well as weight loss and oviposition of the insects. The extracted oil at  different doses significantly reduces oviposition and adult emergence of C. maculatus in the treated bean seeds. Methyl allyl disulphide,  n-propyl benzoate, n-hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienenoic acid, Methyl nonanoate, Methyl hexadecanoate, Linoleic acid, Oleic acid  and Campesterol were the major components in the extracted oil through GC-MS analysis. Regression analysis of the available data on  individual in the treated bean seeds confirm that significant reduction of the oviposition and adult emergence of Callosobrochus  maculatus decreases with increasing doses of the extract. It was also observed that feeding deterrent, oviposition and adult emergence  of the Callosobrochus maculatus of the bean seeds were found to reduce as the polarity of the partition portion of the extracts increases  significantly. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the n-hexane and methanol extract revealed the presence of alkaloids,  saponins, carbohydrates, steroids, triterpenes, glycosides, tannins and flavonoids. The findings have demonstrated the bioefficacy for the  use of the extracted oil and various partition portion of the seed extract against insect infestation of the stored beans, hence  strengthening the possibility of using it as an alternative to synthetic chemicals for the preservation of grains.
Effect of Soil Types and Sowing Methods on Growth and Yield of Some Varieties of Sesame (sesamum indicum L.) Grown in Dutse, Jigawa State
Authors: Mohammad M. , Mukhtar F.B. , Basiru S. , Munir Garba , Adamu M.
Published: August 2023

A field trial on the effect of soil types and sowing methods on growth and yield of some varieties of sesame ( sesamum indicum L.) was  conducted at school farm Federal University Dutse Jigawa state (latitude 11.00̊ N to 13.00̊ N and longitude 8.00̊ E to 10.15̊ E) during the  2019 rainy season. The treatments used were three soil types (Clay, loam, sand) and two sowing methods (drilling and dibbling). Two  varieties of sesame namely EX-Sudan and E8 were used. A split-split plot design was used. Result showed that the number of leaves,  number of capsules per plant 1000 seed weight and seed yield per plant were significantly affected by sowing method with drilling  method producing the highest seed yield per plant and variety had significant effect on number of leaves per plant, days to 50% flowering and maturity and seed yield per plant with EX-Sudan manifesting the highest yield per plant. The interaction between varieties  were only significant on number of capsules/plant while between sowing method and variety was only significant on seed yield per plant.  Interaction between variety and soil type showed that V1S1 (EX-Sudan and Loamy soil) had the highest influence on plant growth parameters while V2S2 (E8 and Sandy soil) had the lowest. The results indicated that drilling is the best sowing method, loamy soil is the  best soil type for growing sesame while the variety EX-Sudan produced the highest seed yield and seed quality of sesame more than the  E8 variety. Thus, farmers could be recommended to adopt these agronomic practices using EX-Sudan for increased sesame production in  the Sudan savanna ecological zone of Nigeria.
Phytochemical Screening and Toxicity Study of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Prosopis africana (African Mesquite) In Albino Wistar Rat
Authors: Abubakar Bilyaminu , Yahaya Zainab , Alhaji Sulaiman Abdullahi , Giaze Rabiu Tijjani , Aminu Nafiu
Published: August 2023

Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) is a perennial leguminous tree of the subfamily Mimosaidae and is found to grow in the savanna region  of Senegal and Nigeria. Several parts of the plant has been documented to possess ethno medicinal value. The study aimed to determine  the phytochemical constituents using methods described by Trease & Evans and toxicity profile (using established toxicity determination  protocols) of methanol stem bark extract of Prosopis africana in albino Wistar rats. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the  presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates, terpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins. Acute toxicity test showed that the LD50  of the extract was 3807.88 mg/kg, with only the animal administered with 5000 mg/kg of the extract dying in phase two. The extract did  not affect food and water consumption or most hematological parameters, except for red and white blood cell counts. Histological  examination of liver, kidney, and heart did not show any signs of malformation. These findings suggest that the methanol stem bark  extract of Prosopis africana may be safe for use in traditional medicine and could provide a basis for the development of novel drugs for  the treatment of various diseases such as malaria fever, wound care and diabetes mellitus.
Assessment of Aircraft Carbon Emission in Nigerian Airspace towards Climate Change Mitigation
Authors: Buba Luka Fitto , Akinsanya Shakir Akintola , Mohammed Mansur Abdul
Published: August 2023

Global effects of climate change due to greenhouse gas emission are increasing this need to be given more attention. Also further  improvements required for the global long-term demand of air transportation and reduction the net greenhouse gas emissions as a  contributor to climate change mitigation. This study aimed at examining the carbon emission from domestic air traffic operations in Nigerian with view to mitigating climate change impact from aviation sector. in line with International Civil Aviation Organization  resolution A38-18 of 2013 targeting annual emission reduction by at least 2% from 2021 to 2050. Carbon Emission Calculation  Methodology was adapted in assessing total carbon dioxide emission by some Nigerian domestic airline in 2019. Cluster and purposive  sampling methods were used in selecting the aircrafts. Results indicate B737 as the most commonly used aircraft in domestic routes with  44.9% fleet in the period. 71.5% of routes had fuel consumption to Carbon dioxide emission ratio of 1:3. Azman air had the highest  percentage (83%) of the commonest aircraft type (B737s). Again it had 5,984 domestic trips on a cumulative distance of 3,521,218  kilometers with total carbon dioxide emission of 55,729,531 kgCO2. Pearson correlation analysis indicated positive relationship between  great circle distance, fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emission on each route and collectively with a high level of significance (r =  0.798, P = 0.001). Sustainable improvement of airspace infrastructures to reduce flying time and carbon dioxide emission. Environmental  economics market based measures should be applied to aviation operations to ensure environmental sustainability
Vinegar Production using Acetobacter aceti Isolated from Over-ripped Bananas
Authors: Chukwuegbo I.A. , Gumel A.M. , Shiaka P.G.
Published: August 2023

The demand for food and food preservatives rises with population growth, and post-harvest fruit losses are widespread in emerging  nations, particularly in Nigeria. In order to avoid the usage of chemically produced preservatives, it is essential in today's society to  convert waste into vinegar, which can be utilized as an organically created preservative. In essence, vinegar production is a two-phase fermentation process that includes fermentation to alcohol and acetic acid, respectively. In this study, Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces  cerevisiae) was introduced into banana worts with a view to fermenting into alcohol (Ethanol) for 7 days, after which acetic acid  bacterium (Acetobacter aceti) isolated from over-ripped bananas was inoculated into the produced alcohol to form vinegar. Analyses  carried out on the produced vinegar were done using acetic acid and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) assays, which gave 1.4 – 4% and  stretching vibrations at 1283 cm-1, 1640 cm-1, and 3260 cm-1, respectively. The findings in this study have shown that over-ripe bananas,  which were previously thought of as waste, can be transformed into very valuable commodities, consequently enhancing human health  and facilitating environmental safety. Results showed that over-ripe banana wort is a good raw material appropriate for fermentation- based ethanol production and vinegar manufacturing using ethanol.
Application of Different Electrode Array in Delineating Cassiterite Bearing Layer for A Two-Dimensional Tomography Survey Within Pingel Village of Bauchi State
Authors: Osumeje Joseph Orojah , Eshimiakhe Daniel , Ojo Olufemi Felix
Published: August 2023

Electrical resistivity method consist of various arrays that had been successfully applied in mineral explorations. Three important  electrode arrays in 2D imaging surveys were tested in this study by creating a tomography of the subsurface to determine which array is  the most successful in defining the cassiterite bearing layer. These arrays are Wenner, Schlumberger and Dipole - dipole. The numerical modeling was created through vertical fracture zone and correlated with a representative lithology of the area produced by using tape to  measure depths to different lithology at an exposed mining pit. The results showed that the Schlumberger is the most suitable electrode  array that can resolve both vertical and horizontal structures present in the subsurface. It was also obvious that the Schlumberger is a better array that images the vertical and horizontal contacts and represented these geological structures more accurately than the  Wenner and Dipole-dipole arrays.
Assessment of Relationship between Physiological Traits, Groundnut Yield and Yield Components of Groundnut (Arachis hypogeal L.) Germplasm
Authors: Yunusa A.Y. , Aminu M.A. , Hayatu M. , Sale F.W. , Namadina M.M. , Sanusi H. , Tasiu S. , Umar H.Y. , Hotoro A.S. , Yola A.I. , Umar A.B. , Dankaka A.H. , Abubakar U.A. , Biliyaminu A.
Published: August 2023

Physiological traits contributing to high yield in groundnut might reveal the underlying mechanism from which improved strategies could  be developed to enhance the effectiveness and progress in breeding for yield component of groundnut. The study aim to  determine some physiological characters such as chlorophyll content, canopy temperature, leaf area index (LAI) and photosynthetic  active radiation (PAR) related to groundnut yield. Twenty-five (25) groundnut accessions were evaluated in randomized block design  (RBD) with two replications at ICRISAT research farm, Wasai, Minibir, Kano State, Nigeria. The study was carried out during the 2014 rainy  season to evaluate physiological relationship to yield variations in groundnut accessions from different parts of Nigeria and Mali. The observations on Chlorophyll Content, Canopy Temperature, leaf area Index (LAI), Photosynthetic Active Radiation, Pod length, Pod width,  pod yield, shelling percentage, hundred seed weight and fodder yield characters were recorded. The physiological and yield data were  subjected to analysis of variance General Linear Model (GLM) using SAS verse 9.3 means were separated using Least Significant  Difference (LSD) at P>0.05 The accessions were significantly different (1.207) for all the physiological traits and yield traits except for pod  length, pod width and hundred seed weight where no significant difference was recorded. The highest dry pod and fodder yield was  recorded from the accessions 25, 23 and 22 due to significant favorable yield contributing characters like: chlorophyll content, canopy  temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Photosynthetic Active Radiation, pod length, pod width, pod yield, shelling percentage, hundred seed  weight (g), and fodder weight (g). With regard to physiological traits and yield and yield related traits, accessions 25, 23, and 22 were  considered as promising genotypes for future breeding programme for pod and fodder yield improvement.
Effects of Phosphorus and Zinc on Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) Varieties Grown in Bauchi, Nigeria
Authors: Kiri Idris Z. , Sawa F.B.J. , Abdul S.D. , Gani A.M.
Published: August 2023

Plant growth analysis is today studied as it relates to change in capture and efficiency in the use of resources rather than as it relates to  relative growth rate in the past. Net assimilation rate (NAR) is the rate of increase in dry matter over unit area of leaf, which represented a  measurement of excess of photosynthesis overrespiratory losses of dry matter. Two field experiments were conducted at the Faculty of  Agriculture and Agricultural Engineering Research Farm of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, North Eastern, Nigeria,  between 2006 and 2007 to evaluate the influence of phosphorus (0, 25, 50 kg P/ha) and zinc levels (0, 2.5, 5 kg Zn/ha) on NAR of six  cowpea varieties namely: IT90K 277, IT93 455 1, IT89KD 288, IT97K 568 18, IT90K 82 2 and Kanannado. Results obtained showed that NAR  was not significantly influenced by P and Zn levels and therefore, 0 kg ha1 SSP and Zn rate produced the highest NAR than higher levels.  Neither applications of each of P and Zn at higher levels or their interactions, nor did year or variety were found to have significant effects on NAR; but rather NAR is being determined by number of factors such as nutrient supply, photosynthesis rate, etc and these are never  fixed or constant and hence a particular factor e.g., nutrient (P or Zn) cannot dictate NAR alone.
Mechanisms of Nutrient Uptake and Assimilation Processes in Some Plants: A Review
Authors: Kiri Idris Z.
Published: August 2023

Nutrient demands of plants are fulfilled via nutrient uptake by the roots, even though minor quantities of certain nutrients might be  assimilated via leaves. For the reason that the majority of nutrients are assimilated by roots, an understanding of root morphology and  cell structure is crucial in knowing this basic plant process. Nutrient achievement by plants hinges on ion applications on superficial, root  assimilation capacity, and plant requirement. Movement of ion in plant cells is classified into active and passive. Ion concentrations in the  cytoplasm of plant cells are frequently and considerably observed to be greater than in soil solutions. Consequently, roots ought to be  able to take up ions in contrast to broadly diverse concentration gradients. Currently, two major theories of ion transport across  membranes are reported in literature: carrier theory where carrier agents accountable for transferring ions from one side of membrane  to the other; encounter specific ions for which they have attraction, form carrier ion complexes; and move across membranes and  connecting ATPase theory of ion transport; which is related with the plasmalemma and is activated by cations; the ion pump theory,  which is a demanding proces, transporting via electrochemical gradient. Measurements of ion uptake could be achieved through tracer  techniques. Long-distance transport of ions to shoots happens in the vascular system, with water being the transporting agent. New and  stimulating developments in mineral uptake mechanism of plants have momentously added to our understanding of the function of  nutrients uptake in plants. Most research comparative to physiology of nutrient uptake has been conducted under controlled  environment by means of particular nutrient cultures in the growth medium.
Inhibitory Effects of Stem Bark Extract of Chrysophyllum albidum (G. Don) against Selected Gastrointestinal Tract Pathogens
Authors: Odewade J.O. , Mukhtar M.D. , Ibrahim Y.
Published: August 2023

This study investigated the inhibitory effects of stem bark extract of Chrysophyllum albidum against selected gastrointestinal tract  pathogens. Powdered stem bark was cold extracted using methanol and sterile distilled water in ratio 3:2 (v/v). The mixture obtained was  concentrated in vacuo using a rotary evaporator and lyophilized. The stem bark extract was screened for antibacterial,  phytochemicals and antioxidant properties using standard method. The antibacterial activities were determined using agar well diffusion  method while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using agar  dilution method. Results obtained indicate that the zones of inhibition shown by the stem bark extract at 10 mg/mL against the bacterial  isolates ranged between 10±0.82 mm and 25±0.00 mm. The MICs ranged between 0.31 mg/mL and 5mg/mL while the lowest MIC was  0.31 mg/mL. The MBCs ranged between 0.63 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL while we recorded 0.63 mg/mL as the lowest MBC. The  phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, reducing  sugar and cardiac glycosides. The antioxidant analysis of stem bark extract showed appreciable antioxidant properties when compared with vitamin C used as control. The stem bark extract exhibited percentage inhibition of 62.80% at a concentration of 15.63 µg/mL while  vitamin C exhibited percentage inhibition of 63.53% at the same concentration. This study showed that stem bark extract of   Chrysophyllum albidum possessed bioactive compounds that exhibited appreciable antibacterial and antioxidant activities against the    gastrointestinal tract pathogens.
Confirmation Of African Swine Fever Virus in Some Pigs from Ado Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Adenaike E.A. , Tekdek L.B , Kazeem H.M. , Simon A.Y.
Published: August 2023

Studies were undertaken to investigate and isolate African Swine Fever virus in pig in Ado local government area (LGA) of Benue state of  Nigeria and this has confirmed the carrier status of the pigs in the LGA. Out of the 188 serum samples collected, 7 were obtained from  the LGA and were tested using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Three samples (42.86%) were positive and 4(57.14%) were  negative for the test. All the serum samples (42.86%) that were positive by ELISA were also positive by polymerase chain reaction  amplification (PCR). The PCR-positive pigs had higher mean WBC count, lower eosinophil and basophils count, higher mean monocytes  count but the mean PCV values were not significantly different from the normal and PCR negative pigs. High mean WBC count may  indicate an ongoing secondary bacterial and ASF virus infection, lower eosinophil and basophils count indicates parasitism in the pigs,  higher mean monocytes count. This confirmed that pigs with demonstrable antibody should be considered as chronic carriers of the  virus because it is doubtful if true recovery ever occurs. Control measures such as use of biosecurity, test and slaughter of animals that  test positive for African Swine Fever (ASF) antibody with adequate compensation are suggested to eradicate the disease.
Long Memory and Volatility Models in Forecasting Exchange Rate of Nigerian Naira to United State Dollar
Authors: Magaji Bashir , Garba Jamilu
Published: August 2023

Financial time series such as stock prices, inflation rates, interest rates, and exchange rates are known to exhibit upward and downward  trend and often possesses long memory and volatility behavior. These behaviors are crucial in the analysis, modeling and forecasting of  time series data. Unfortunately, many analysts don’t take into consideration the consequences of long memory and volatility while  modeling financial time series data. Therefore, this paper intends to examine the effect of long memory and volatility in forecasting  Exchange Rate of Nigerian Naira-United State Dollar. The data used for this study is obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria’s website for  the period of January 2002 to Feb 2020. Observations from time series and Autocorrelation function (ACF) plot shows that the data was  not stationary. This was confirmed by the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) unit root tests on  the datasets. Fractional differencing was used to transform the series and ARFIMA(1,d,1) and ARFIMA(1,d,2) models were selected using  AIC criterion. However, the residuals of these models were found to be serially correlated and heteroscedastic. These problems led to  combining ARFIMA with GARCH model in order to adequately study long memory and volatility simultaneously. Therefore ARFIMA  models were combined with GARCH(1,1) to form ARFIMA(1,d,1)-GARCH(1,1) and ARFIMA(1,d,2)- GARCH(1,1). The results of the forecast  performance indicate that the best model is ARFIMA(1,d,2)– GARCH(1,1).
Assessment Of Illuminance and Related Health Effects in Some Departments Within a University Environment
Authors: Osemudiamen Edene Anao , Stanley Edene Osemhen
Published: August 2023

Workplace safety is dependent on numerous factors within the work environment and light intensity (illuminance) is vital in ensuring this,  as inadequate lighting is not unrelated to varying deleterious health effects. This study was undertaken to measure the level of  illuminance in laboratories and offices of a selected Faculty in the University, in order to ascertain if the lighting conditions in the work environment are in compliance with illumination standards (500 lux), set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA),  and to identify the potential hazards that may arise from exposure to lighting conditions that are not in compliance with set standards. A  digital lux meter was used to measure light intensity in the different locations. The results obtained revealed that the mean illuminance  levels of most of the measured offices and laboratories were below 500 lux. The maximum illuminance level recorded in the assessed  offices was 478.6 lux in the Department of Statistics and a minimum of 288.1 lux in the Department of Computer Science. Maximum  Illuminance level from the assessed laboratories was 408 lux from the Department of Geology and a minimum of 164 lux. The health  effects associated with such poor illuminance levels includes: eyestrain, blurred vision, eye pain, eye fatigue and in general eye  discomfort. Poor illuminance may also be linked to the prevalence of headaches. This will subsequently result in poor students and  teachers performance, and reduce productivity. In order to improve the lighting situation of the faculty, a suitable day lighting plan    should be incorporated into the architecture of buildings in general and workspaces in particular.
Health Risk Assessment of Some Heavy Metals Contamination in Vegetables Sold at Bichi Local Government Area, Kano State – Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Abubakar A. , Sadiq Umar A. , Hassan Sadi A.
Published: August 2023

Vegetables are the source of essential nutrients for health maintenance and treatment of various diseases. However, they are a major  source of heavy metals contamination. This study evaluates the levels of heavy metals in selected vegetables sold in Bichi and their  potential health risks. The collected samples were ashed using concentrated HNO3 and analyzed using AAS. The concentrations of the heavy metals detected were in the range of 0.18 to 0.04; 1.64 to 0.63; 0.01; 3.44 to 0.67, and 0.17 to 0.06 mg/kg, for Cu, Fe, Cd, Pb, and Zn  respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals were below WHO/FAO recommended levels except Pb, which is above the tolerable limit.  The highest concentration of Pb (3.44 mg/kg) where detected in pepper, and the least in carrots (0.67 mg/kg). The Estimated Daily Intake values of individual heavy metals from the consumption of vegetables were 1.08 × 10−3, 1.66 × 10−2, 1.42 × 10−, 3.52 × 10−2, and  1.36×10−3mg/kg body weight/day for Cu, Fe, Cd, Pb, and Zn respectively which were less than the Maximum tolerable daily intake. The  Hazard Index of all vegetables is 6.83 × 10−2 which is less than 1, indicating that, the consumption of these vegetables may result in non- carcinogenic health risks. The Target Cancer Risks value of Pb was 2.99 × 10−7, which is less than the standard risk limit (10−6). This shows  that, despite the high concentration of Pb in the samples, the calculated parameters have clearly indicated that, there are no carcinogenic  health risks to consumers.
Assessment of the Antibacterial Potential of Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Omonmhenle Selina Ilunakan , Ifijen Ikhazuagbe Hilary
Published: August 2023

Microbes play a crucial role in our lives, and certain pathogenic bacteria are responsible for a wide range of infectious illnesses, food  safety, and environmental damage. Layered double hydroxide (LDH), a type of natural two-dimensional substance with a distinctive  layered structure also known as anionic clays, has been established as a material that may be utilized to battle a variety of bacterial  infections. The interesting properties of LDH include their ease of synthesis, unique structure, uniform distribution of different metal  cations in the brucite layer, surface hydroxyl groups, flexible tunability, intercalated anions with interlayer spaces, swelling properties,  oxo-bridged linkage, and high chemical and thermal stability, ability to intercalate different types of anions (inorganic, organic,  biomolecules, and even genes), delivery of intercalated anions. In the field of biomaterials, LDH has gained prominence as a significant  class of layered materials with promising applications. Here, emphasis has been placed on factors such as biocompatibility, anion  exchange with the target ion, holding of guest species in the interlayer space, and controlled anion release in a given medium. By  utilizing LDH's inherent biocompatibility, several studies have improved its antibacterial characteristics, enabling researchers to add  active substances into its matrix for the treatment of bacterial-caused disease. Despite the fact that LDH's antibacterial capabilities have  been the subject of several studies, there are currently very few reviews of such findings. Therefore, this study reviewed current  developments in new LDH techniques to enhance their antimicrobial activity and provided background on their structures.
Assessment of pediatric residents’ knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding oxygen therapy and its complications at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, Ethiopia
Authors: Beza Kalkidan , Etissa Eyob Kebede , Gebre Hanna , Kebede Rahel Argaw
Published: August 2023

Background: Oxygen therapy is beneficial, but too much of it or any oxygen therapy errors could be dangerous. Proper knowledge,  appropriate practice, and favorable attitudes are important aspects of treatment. Hence, this study aimed to assess the knowledge,  attitude, and practice of pediatric residents about oxygen therapy, its complications, and associated factors.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pediatric residents at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and St. Paul  Hospital, Millennium Medical College in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from June to August 2021. using a self-administered questionnaire. Level  of knowledge, attitude, and practice was grouped by Bloom’s original cut-off points. A multinomial logistic regression model was fitted to  identify significant predictor variables at a 5% level of significance.

Results: Of 141 pediatric residents who responded, this study  found 17.7%, 40.4%, and 19.1% prevalence of good knowledge, attitude, and practice, respectively. On the chi-square test, the total  duration of service as a general practitioner and the year of residency were significantly associated with knowledge and attitude (P values  = 0.027 and 0.037, respectively). Residents' knowledge level and year of residency were found to be independently associated with  oxygen administration practice. The odds of residents with good knowledge having good practice than poor practice is 8 times  (adjusted odds ratio: 7.90, 95% CI 1.15-45.25, P-value =0.035) higher than residents with poor knowledge levels and year of residency was  also a significant predictor of practice level (adjusted odds ratio: 0.24, 95% CI 0.06-0.94, P-value =0.042).

Conclusions: - The majority of  participants had a positive attitude and had moderate to inadequate knowledge of oxygen administration. Their practice, on the other  hand, was generally poor. Regular education and training in oxygen administration can help them improve their knowledge.
Assessment of Ecotourism Management of Lekki Conservation Centre, Lagos State Nigeria
Authors: Onihunwa J. O. , Akande O. A. , Mohammed H. L. , Joshua D. A.
Published: August 2023

The study assessed ecotourism management of Lekki Conservation Centre, Lagos state. Data was collected through questionnaire, interview and personal field observation. Data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The demographic characteristics of the respondents revealed that females recorded the highest (66.0%) with 25-34 years (38.0%). The result also revealed that most of the respondents (74.0%) are single. It was also noted that 46.0% of the respondents had attained tertiary level of education. Also majority of the respondents (58.0%) are Muslims while 42.0% are Christians. The finding further revealed that 44.0% of the respondents are civil servant. The travel characteristics of the respondents showed that majority were first time visitors (68.0%) and that majority of the visitors travelled with their family and friends (54.0%) While most of the visitors got to know about the centre through their friends and family (68.0%). Eight (8) ecotourism attractions are observed in Lekki conservation centre. The total revenue generated in the study area from 2010 to 2019 was ₦ 130,075,465. Year 2019 recorded the highest number of tourist with 9412 tourists, followed by 2017 with 6,530 tourists while year 2010 recorded the least number of tourist influx with 1,661 tourists. The management practices of Lekki Conservation Centre are availability of tour guide, adequate parking space, adequate security and ease of entrance etc. The study concludes that the site has enough attractions to motivate visitors to visit especially the Canopy walkway which is the longest canopy walkway in Africa.
Profiling of Secondary Metabolites from Crassocephalum crepidioides (Wild Leafy Vegetable): Validation of Ethnomedicinal Claim by in-vitro and in-silico Studies
Authors: Bello O. M. , Umar A. S. , Sada M. H.
Published: August 2023

Crassocephalum crepioides, labeled as poor man’s food is one of the neglected and underutilized vegetables in Nigeria. The objective of this paper is therefore to validate the ethnomedicinal claim and profile the secondary metabolites of Crassocephalum crepidioides (Wild Leafy Vegetable) using in-vitro and in-silico investigations. The identification of compounds in the leaf extract with the potential to inhibit 1Z32 alpha-amylase was carried out in-silico. Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) was employed for analysis of the ethanolic leaf extract of this plant, it revealed the presence of sinapic acid, 3-Feruloylquinic acid, dihydroquercetin, malic acid, gallic acid in the extract. Site-directed multi-ligand docking of the identified compounds was performed on 1Z32 protein of alpha-amylase molecular target using the synthetic co-crystallized ligand from the protein. The binding affinity of 3-Feruloylquinic acid (-9.4 kcal/mol) is significantly the highest when compared with sinapic acid (-8.3 kcal/mol). The interactions of this molecule with the amino acids of the protein showed that the mechanism of its inhibitory action is similar to that of the co-crystallized ligand. This study validated an earlier report that the ethanol leaf extract from C. crepidioides showed excellent antidiabetic activity, however, the antidiabetic activity could occur through its alpha-amylase inhibitory activity. Data obtained revealed that C. crepidioides could be an important wild vegetable that could require further advanced exploration rather than neglect.
Resident Perception of Forest Resource Management in Selected Communities in Ede South Local Government, Nigeria
Authors: Afolabi O. s. , Mephors J. O. , Oyerinde I. A.
Published: August 2023

This study examined residents’ perceptions of how forest resources are maintained and managed in Osun State, Nigeria's Ede South local government. The primary data were obtained by randomly selecting community members to receive questionnaires. The data was examined using cross tabulation, linear regression, and correlation.  The analysis's findings indicate that 86% of the respondents are already aware of the need to save forests. The respondents are 48 years old on average. The majority of respondents (67.1%) believed that if the government is allowed to control the forest resources, they can be managed more effectively. According to the survey, only 20% of respondents had a low level of understanding regarding community-based forest resource management. The majority of respondents (41%) don't know what they stand to gain from this strategy. 41% of them hold the view that the government owns the forest and should therefore be responsible for managing it, not them. In order to manage forest resources sustainably, community members should have the opportunity to participate in decision-making. Young professionals should also be involved.
Farmed Fish Feeds: Use of Non-Conventional Feed as Fishmeal Replacement in Nigeria
Authors: Kolawole A. A. , Mustapha A. K.
Published: August 2023

Fish feeds are an integral part of commercial and personal aquaculture, which provides a balanced diet and nutrition for farmed fish. High cost and competition with human food of fish feed is a major concern amongst the livestock and aquaculture feed industries. The objective of this paper is to analyze the current state of understanding on the use of non-conventional feed to replace normal fish feeds in Nigeria using information from secondary data. The mastery and use of substitute sources of fishmeal at all stages of fish development is crucial to reducing the demand on aquatic resources caused by the use of fishmeal in fish feed. Non-conventional feed ingredients are not usually the traditional ingredients used for commercial fish feed production. Many unconventional sources are of very good nutrient profiles which when incorporated into feeds can meet parts of the protein and energy requirements of the fish. Most of these indigenous fish feed resources are non-competitive in terms of human consumption, their prices are relatively very low and sometimes are of no cost value. They are usually byproducts or waste products from agricultural industries, domestic waste, and wild plants, thus their utilization as feed resources can help to reduce the cost of fish feeds and fish production in Nigeria.
Effects of Different Fermenting Agents on Proximate Composition and Sensory Evaluation of Masa - A Fermented Puff Fried Batter
Authors: Abdulkadir F. , Kolo S. I. , Maude M. M. , Mohammed I. K.
Published: August 2023

Fermentation improves the shelf life, texture, taste and aroma, nutritional value and digestibility and also lowers the content of antinutrients of fermented meals. This study investigated the effect of different fermenting agents on the quality of masa. The rice grains were sorted, cleaned, washed and soaked, wet milled and fermented separately with baker’s yeast, lactic acid culture (yogourmet) and tsamiyan gaye (citric acid) respectively. The final batter was fried and package for analysis. The different fermenting agent had significant (p<0.05) effect on all parameters measured. Masa fermented with lactic acid bacteria culture (LAB) had the highest value of 9.25% 0.83%, 1.01% and 18.51% for protein, crude fibre ash and fat content respectively while yeast fermented masa had higher respective value of 21.46% and 50.12% for moisture and carbohydrate content. The pH of masa sample is within the r range of 3.76-5.57 and titritable acidity of 0.05-0.17.  The sensory evaluation was carried out to assess the acceptability of the masa samples. However, all masa samples were generally accepted but baker’s yeast fermented masa had higher means scores for overall acceptability (7.40). Tsamiyan gaye (citric acid) and LAB culture can be used as an alternative to baker’s yeast for preparation of masa.
CORRIGENDUM: Etat de connaissance des tiques et des maladies transmises dans les systèmes de production de bovins viande au Cameroun, Afrique Centrale
Authors: Hayatou Hamidou , Amarir Fatima Ezzahra , Bouslikhane Mohammed , Rhalem Abdelkbir , Awah-Ndukum Julius , Meutchieye Félix
Published: August 2023

No abstract.
Les accaparements des terres dans les zones périurbaines de la ville de Kinshasa : conséquences sur la cohabitation pacifique entre les communautés et la sécurité alimentaire
Authors: Mayulu Jean de Dieu Minengu
Published: August 2023

No Abstract
Traitement des déchets graisseux par co-digestion avec les boues pour la production de biogaz dans les stations d’épuration de l’Office National de l’Assainissement du Sénégal (ONAS)
Authors: Toure Fatou Kiné , Dieng Modou , Faye Mamadou , Diedhiou Malick , Thiam Mbagnick , Sambe Falilou Mbacké
Published: August 2023

Description du Sujet: Les résidus graisseux figurent, à l’heure actuelle, parmi les problèmes les plus importants posés par les déchets ménagers.  L’insolubilité des graisses en milieu aqueux provoque dès leur rejet à l’égout, l’encrassement des ouvrages d’assainissement et le colmatage des  canalisations. Ces déchets riches en lipides étant considérés comme une importante source d’énergie potentielle renouvelable, une co-digestion avec les  boues primaires (BP) et les boues biologiques d’aération prolongée (BB) apparaît comme une solution intéressante.

Objectif: L’objectif de cette étude est de produire du biogaz à partir d’un traitement biologique anaérobie des graisses provenant du dégraissage par co- digestion avec les boues de station pour une couverture des besoins énergétiques en général dans les stations d’épuration.

Méthodes: La méthodologie  adoptée a essentiellement reposé sur la caractérisation des boues primaires, biologiques d’aération prolongée et des déchets graisseux, la détermination  du potentiel méthanogène des boues et des boues co-digérées avec les déchets graisseux et l’évaluation de la qualité agronomique des  digestats ainsi que le rendement épuratoire du traitement expérimental.

Résultats: A l’issu des essais au laboratoire, l’adéquation des résidus graisseux  en tant que co-substrat à la digestion anaérobie des boues est confirmée. Plus la quantité de graisse ajoutée augmente plus la production de biogaz est  élevée. Le meilleur rendement est obtenu à 45 % de graisse avec les boues biologiques d’aération prolongée (17,15 m3 /t MB) et à 30 % de graisse (11,88  m3 /t MB) avec les boues primaires. L'évaluation de la performance épuratoire du dispositif donne un abattement de la matière grasse allant de 50 à 75  %, de la DBO5 de 46,15 % à 73,77 % et de la DCO de 50,01 à 61,75 % dans les digestats avec les BP et de 34,68 % à 75,89 % pour la DBO5 et de 15,94 à  62,21 % dans ceux des BB.

Conclusion: L’analyse de la qualité agronomique de ces résidus de digestion montre qu’ils peuvent être valorisés comme  fertilisant en agriculture.
Comparison of CKD-EPI, C-G and MDRD equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate in chronic kidney disease population in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Braimoh R.W. , Ediale T.I. , Mabayoje M.O. , Ale O.K. , Bello B.T. , Amira C.O.
Published: August 2023

Background: Ethnic variabilities make reliability of formula equations for assessing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) doubtful in many  populations. We compared Cockroft-Gault (CG), modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD), and chronic kidney diseases epidemiology  collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations in adult Nigerian CKD subjects.

Methodology: We measured 24-hour-urinary creatinine clearance of 311 adult CKD patients and compared with the three estimated  equations. Bland-Altman plots were used to assess agreement between estimated equations and measured creatinine clearance (mGFR).  Receiver-operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to assess the diagnostic power of the equations. Equation with accuracy within 30% of mGFR of ≥90% was considered acceptable for use.

Results: Mean age was 41.9±12.7 years with 182(58.5%) females. The mean GFR using  CKD-EPI, 2 MDRD and CG equations were 69.5±33.9, 65.9±33.0 and 66.2±30.9 mls/min/1.73m respectively 2 (mGFR 68.3±31.1mls/min /1.73m ). The 3 equations showed positive correlation to mGFR (r=0.95) but CKD-EPI had the least bias.

Conclusion: All three equations  can be used but CKD-EPI equation is preferable in Nigerian CKD patients, especially with GFR> 60mls/min.