bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association of ARMC5 with the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, Blood Pressure, and Glycemia in African Americans
Authors: Joseph Joshua J , Zhou Xiaofei , Zilbermint Mihail , Stratakis Constantine A , Faucz Fabio R , Lodish Maya B , Berthon Annabel , Wilson James G , Hsueh Willa A , Golden Sherita H , Lin Shili
Published: May 2020

Context

Armadillo repeat containing 5 (ARMC5) on chromosome 16 is an adrenal gland tumor suppressor gene associated with primary aldosteronism, especially among African Americans (AAs). We examined the association of ARMC5 variants with aldosterone, plasma renin activity (PRA), blood pressure, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in community-dwelling AAs.

Methods

The Jackson Heart Study is a prospective cardiovascular cohort study in AAs with baseline data collection from 2000 to 2004. Kernel machine method was used to perform a single joint test to analyze for an overall association between the phenotypes of interest (aldosterone, PRA, systolic and diastolic blood pressure [SBP, DBP], glucose, and HbA1c) and the ARMC5 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and medications; followed by Baysian Lasso methodology to identify sets of SNVs in terms of associated haplotypes with specific phenotypes.

Results

Among 3223 participants (62% female; mean age 55.6 (SD ± 12.8) years), the average SBP and DBP were 127 and 76 mmHg, respectively. The average fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c were 101 mg/dL and 6.0%, respectively. ARMC5 variants were associated with all 6 phenotypes. Haplotype TCGCC (ch16:31476015-31476093) was negatively associated, whereas haplotype CCCCTTGCG (ch16:31477195-31477460) was positively associated with SBP, DBP, and glucose. Haplotypes GGACG (ch16:31477790-31478013) and ACGCG (ch16:31477834-31478113) were negatively associated with aldosterone and positively associated with HbA1c and glucose, respectively. Haplotype GCGCGAGC (ch16:31471193-ch16:31473597(rs114871627) was positively associated with PRA and negatively associated with HbA1c.

Conclusions

ARMC5 variants are associated with aldosterone, PRA, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and HbA1c in community-dwelling AAs, suggesting that germline mutations in ARMC5 may underlie cardiometabolic disease in AAs.
Yotsi’tsishon and the Language of the Seed in the Haudenosaunee Story of Earth’s Creation
Authors: Adams Amber Meadow
Published: May 2020

Kanyen’keha and Onoñda’gega’ versions of the Haudenosaunee story of Earth’s creation transcribed in the late 1880s by J. N. B. Hewitt contain ethnobotanical detail not present in many other recorded versions of the story. They also, especially the version told by Skanyatarí:yo John Arthur Gibson, build nuanced actors and articulate the negotiations of relationship through dialogue, imagery, and arcs of naming. Using close readings of these versions, I argue that the narrative arc of biome, as described through ethnobotanical detail, and of the story’s dynamic actors, as described through the poetic devices present in fuller versions, inform one another. The intersection of these arcs encodes a matrix of human responses to catastrophic climate change specific to the narrative’s home biome.
Indigenous Narratives of Creation and Origin in Embrace of the Serpent, by Ciro Guerra
Authors: Albites Enrique Bernales
Published: May 2020

In Ciro Guerra’s film Embrace of the Serpent (2015), cultural exchanges between the central characters reveal the origin narratives and the curative power of plants valued by Indigenous cultures of the Amazon. This article analyzes how Embrace of the Serpent expresses Indigenous rationality in the origin narratives as the shaman Karamakate confronts Western travelers and scientists. For these Indigenous cultures, knowledge and its reproduction are equivalent to ancestral songs and rituals such as the ceremony of the Ayahuasca. This article supports these ideas not in a filmic analysis but by exploring central aspects and scenes in the film associated with intercultural exchanges and the ritual of Ayahuasca. Finally, Embrace of the Serpent highlights the difficulty of distinguishing between the rationality of orality and writing with which Native cultures of the Americas understand the world that surrounds them.
The Influence of Climate Fiction
Authors: Schneider-Mayerson Matthew
Published: May 2020

Climate fiction—literature explicitly focused on climate change—has exploded over the last decade, and is often assumed to have a positive ecopolitical influence by enabling readers to imagine potential climate futures and persuading them of the gravity and urgency of climate change. Does it succeed? And whom does it reach? A qualitative survey of 161 American readers of 19 works of climate fiction finds that these readers are younger, more liberal, and more concerned about climate change than nonreaders of climate fiction. Drawing on concepts from ecocriticism, environmental psychology, and environmental communication, this article suggests that “cli-fi” reminds concerned readers of the severity of climate change while impelling them to imagine environmental futures and consider the impact of climate change on human and nonhuman life. However, the actions that resulted from readers’ heightened consciousness reveal that awareness is only as valuable as the cultural messages about efficacious action that are in circulation. Moreover, the affective responses of many readers suggest that most works of climate fiction are leading readers to associate climate change with intensely negative emotions, which could prove counterproductive to efforts at environmental engagement or persuasion. Based on one of the first studies to empirically examine the reception of environmental literature, this article demonstrates a novel interdisciplinary approach to environmental literature (empirical ecocriticism) and points the way to future research in this vein.
Brain-encysting trematodes (Euhaplorchis californiensis) decrease raphe serotonergic activity in California killifish (Fundulus parvipinnis)
Authors: Helland-Riise Siri H. , Vindas Marco A. , Johansen Ida B. , Nadler Lauren E. , Weinersmith Kelly L. , Hechinger Ryan F. , Øverli Øyvind
Published: May 2020

Modulation of brain serotonin (5-HT) signalling is associated with parasite-induced changes in host behaviour, potentially increasing parasite transmission to predatory final hosts. Such alterations could have substantial impact on host physiology and behaviour, as 5-HT serves multiple roles in neuroendocrine regulation. These effects however remain insufficiently understood, as parasites have been associated with both increased and decreased serotonergic activity. Here, we investigated effects of trematode Euhaplorchis californiensis metacercariae on post-stress serotonergic activity in the intermediate host California killifish (Fundulus parvipinnis). This parasite is associated with conspicuous behaviour and increased predation of killifish by avian end-hosts, as well as inhibition of post stress raphe 5-HT activity. Until now, laboratory studies have only been able to achieve parasite densities (parasites/unit host body mass) well below those occurring in nature. Using laboratory infections yielding ecologically relevant parasite loads, we show that serotonergic activity indeed decreased with increasing parasite density, an association likely indicating changes in 5-HT neurotransmission while available transmitter stores remain constant. Contrary to most observations in the literature, 5-HT activity increased with body mass in infected fish, indicating that relationships between parasite load and body mass may in many cases be a real underlying factor for physiological correlates of body size. Our results suggest that parasites are capable of influencing brain serotonergic activity, which could have far-reaching effects beyond the neurophysiological parameters investigated here.
Polarized epidermal growth factor secretion ensures robust vulval cell fate specification in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Mereu Louisa , Morf Matthias K. , Spiri Silvan , Gutierrez Peter , Escobar-Restrepo Juan M. , Daube Michael , Walser Michael , Hajnal Alex
Published: May 2020

The anchor cell (AC) in C. elegans secretes an epidermal growth factor (EGF) homolog that induces adjacent vulval precursor cells (VPCs) to differentiate. The EGF receptor in the nearest VPC sequesters the limiting EGF amounts released by the AC to prevent EGF from spreading to distal VPCs. Here, we show that not only EGFR localization in the VPCs but also EGF polarity in the AC is necessary for robust fate specification. The AC secretes EGF in a directional manner towards the nearest VPC. Loss of AC polarity causes signal spreading and, when combined with MAPK pathway hyperactivation, the ectopic induction of distal VPCs. In a screen for genes preventing distal VPC induction, we identified sra-9 and nlp-26 as genes specifically required for polarized EGF secretion. sra-9(lf) and nlp-26(lf) mutants exhibit errors in vulval fate specification, reduced precision in VPC to AC alignment and increased variability in MAPK activation. sra-9 encodes a seven-pass transmembrane receptor acting in the AC and nlp-26 a neuropeptide-like protein expressed in the VPCs. SRA-9 and NLP-26 may transduce a feedback signal to channel EGF secretion towards the nearest VPC.
Cardiac function modulates endocardial cell dynamics to shape the cardiac outflow tract
Authors: Sidhwani Pragya , Leerberg Dena M. , Boezio Giulia L. M. , Capasso Teresa L. , Yang Hongbo , Chi Neil C. , Roman Beth L. , Stainier Didier Y. R. , Yelon Deborah
Published: May 2020

Physical forces are important participants in the cellular dynamics that shape developing organs. During heart formation, for example, contractility and blood flow generate biomechanical cues that influence patterns of cell behavior. Here, we address the interplay between function and form during the assembly of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT), a crucial connection between the heart and vasculature that develops while circulation is underway. In zebrafish, we find that the OFT expands via accrual of both endocardial and myocardial cells. However, when cardiac function is disrupted, OFT endocardial growth ceases, accompanied by reduced proliferation and reduced addition of cells from adjacent vessels. The flow-responsive TGFβ receptor Acvrl1 is required for addition of endocardial cells, but not for their proliferation, indicating distinct modes of function-dependent regulation for each of these essential cell behaviors. Together, our results indicate that cardiac function modulates OFT morphogenesis by triggering endocardial cell accumulation that induces OFT lumen expansion and shapes OFT dimensions; moreover, these morphogenetic mechanisms provide new perspectives regarding the potential causes of cardiac birth defects.
Pitx2-Sox2-Lef1 interactions specify progenitor oral/dental epithelial cell signaling centers
Authors: Yu Wenjie , Sun Zhao , Sweat Yan , Sweat Mason , Venugopalan Shankar Rengasamy , Eliason Steven , Cao Huojun , Paine Michael L. , Amendt Brad A.
Published: May 2020

Epithelial signaling centers control epithelial invagination and organ development, but how these centers are specified remains unclear. We report that Pitx2 (the first transcriptional marker for tooth development) controls the embryonic formation and patterning of epithelial signaling centers during incisor development. We demonstrate using Krt14Cre/Pitx2flox/flox (Pitx2cKO) and Rosa26CreERT/Pitx2flox/flox mice that loss of Pitx2 delays epithelial invagination, and decreases progenitor cell proliferation and dental epithelium cell differentiation. Developmentally, Pitx2 regulates formation of the Sox2+ labial cervical loop (LaCL) stem cell niche in concert with two signaling centers: the initiation knot and enamel knot. The loss of Pitx2 disrupted the patterning of these two signaling centers, resulting in tooth arrest at E14.5. Mechanistically, Pitx2 transcriptional activity and DNA binding is inhibited by Sox2, and this interaction controls gene expression in specific Sox2 and Pitx2 co-expression progenitor cell domains. We demonstrate new transcriptional mechanisms regulating signaling centers by Pitx2, Sox2, Lef1 and Irx1.
Cell-fate plasticity, adhesion and cell sorting complementarily establish a sharp midbrain-hindbrain boundary
Authors: Kesavan Gokul , Machate Anja , Hans Stefan , Brand Michael
Published: May 2020

The formation and maintenance of sharp boundaries between groups of cells play a vital role during embryonic development as they serve to compartmentalize cells with similar fates. Some of these boundaries also act as organizers, with the ability to induce specific cell fates and morphogenesis in the surrounding cells. The midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) is such an organizer: it acts as a lineage restriction boundary to prevent the intermingling of cells with different developmental fates. However, the mechanisms underlying the lineage restriction process remain unclear. Here, using novel fluorescent knock-in reporters, live imaging, Cre/lox-mediated lineage tracing, atomic force microscopy-based cell adhesion assays and mutant analysis, we analyze the process of lineage restriction at the MHB and provide mechanistic details. Specifically, we show that lineage restriction occurs by the end of gastrulation, and that the subsequent formation of sharp gene expression boundaries in the developing MHB occur through complementary mechanisms, i.e. cell-fate plasticity and cell sorting. Furthermore, we show that cell sorting at the MHB involves differential adhesion among midbrain and hindbrain cells that is mediated by N-cadherin and Eph-ephrin signaling.
The visible skeleton 2.0: phenotyping of cartilage and bone in fixed vertebrate embryos and foetuses based on X-ray microCT
Authors: Gabner Simone , Böck Peter , Fink Dieter , Glösmann Martin , Handschuh Stephan
Published: May 2020

For decades, clearing and staining with Alcian Blue and Alizarin Red has been the gold standard to image vertebrate skeletal development. Here, we present an alternate approach to visualise bone and cartilage based on X-ray microCT imaging, which allows the collection of genuine 3D data of the entire developing skeleton at micron resolution. Our novel protocol is based on ethanol fixation and staining with Ruthenium Red, and efficiently contrasts cartilage matrix, as demonstrated in whole E16.5 mouse foetuses and limbs of E14 chicken embryos. Bone mineral is well preserved during staining, thus the entire embryonic skeleton can be imaged at high contrast. Differences in X-ray attenuation of ruthenium and calcium enable the spectral separation of cartilage matrix and bone by dual energy microCT (microDECT). Clearing of specimens is not required. The protocol is simple and reproducible. We demonstrate that cartilage contrast in E16.5 mouse foetuses is adequate for fast visual phenotyping. Morphometric skeletal parameters are easily extracted. We consider the presented workflow to be a powerful and versatile extension to the toolkit currently available for qualitative and quantitative phenotyping of vertebrate skeletal development.
Vessel-derived angiocrine IGF1 promotes Meckel's cartilage proliferation to drive jaw growth during embryogenesis
Authors: Marchant Ceilidh , Anderson Peter , Schwarz Quenten , Wiszniak Sophie
Published: May 2020

Craniofacial development is a complex morphogenic process that requires highly orchestrated interactions between multiple cell types. Blood vessel-derived angiocrine factors are known to promote proliferation of chondrocytes in Meckel's cartilage to drive jaw outgrowth, however the specific factors controlling this process remain unknown. Here, we use in vitro and ex vivo cell and tissue culture, as well as genetic mouse models, to identify IGF1 as a novel angiocrine factor directing Meckel's cartilage growth during embryonic development. We show that IGF1 is secreted by blood vessels and that deficient IGF1 signalling underlies mandibular hypoplasia in Wnt1-Cre; Vegfafl/fl mice that exhibit vascular and associated jaw defects. Furthermore, conditional removal of IGF1 from blood vessels causes craniofacial defects including a shortened mandible, and reduced proliferation of Meckel's cartilage chondrocytes. This demonstrates a crucial angiocrine role for IGF1 during craniofacial cartilage growth, and identifies IGF1 as a putative therapeutic for jaw and/or cartilage growth disorders.
Inflated citations and metrics of journals discontinued from Scopus for publication concerns: the GhoS(t)copus Project
Authors: Cortegiani Andrea , Ippolito Mariachiara , Ingoglia Giulia , Manca Andrea , Cugusi Lucia , Severin Anna , Strinzel Michaela , Panzarella Vera , Campisi Giuseppina , Manoj Lalu , Gregoretti Cesare , Einav Sharon , Moher David , Giarratano Antonino
Published: May 2020

Background: Scopus is a leading bibliometric database. It contains the largest number of articles cited in peer-reviewed publications. The journals included in Scopus are periodically re-evaluated to ensure they meet indexing criteria and some journals might be discontinued for publication concerns. These journals remain indexed and can be cited. Their metrics have yet to be studied. This study aimed to evaluate the main features and metrics of journals discontinued from Scopus for publication concerns, before and after their discontinuation, and to determine the extent of predatory journals among the discontinued journals.

Methods: We surveyed the list of discontinued journals from Scopus (July 2019). Data regarding metrics, citations and indexing were extracted from Scopus or other scientific databases, for the journals discontinued for publication concerns. 

Results: A total of 317 journals were evaluated. Ninety-three percent of the journals (294/318) declared they published using an Open Access model. The subject areas with the greatest number of discontinued journals were Medicine (52/317; 16%), Agriculture and Biological Science (34/317; 11%), and Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (31/317; 10%). The mean number of citations per year after discontinuation was significantly higher than before (median of difference 64 citations, p<0.0001), and so was the number of citations per document (median of difference 0.4 citations, p<0.0001). Twenty-two percent (72/317) were included in the Cabell’s blacklist. The DOAJ currently included only 9 journals while 61 were previously included and discontinued, most for 'suspected editorial misconduct by the publisher'.

Conclusions: The citation count of journals discontinued for publication concerns increases despite discontinuation and predatory behaviors seemed common. This paradoxical trend can inflate scholars’ metrics prompting artificial career advancements, bonus systems and promotion. Countermeasures should be taken urgently to ensure the reliability of Scopus metrics both at the journal- and author-level for the purpose of scientific assessment of scholarly publishing.
Optimised patient information materials and recruitment to a study of behavioural activation in older adults: an embedded study within a trial
Authors: Knapp Peter , Gilbody Simon , Holt Janet , Keding Ada , Mitchell Natasha , Raynor David K. , Silcock Jonathan , Torgerson David J.
Published: May 2020

Background: Printed participant information about randomised controlled trials is often long, technical and difficult to navigate. Improving information materials is possible through optimisation and user-testing, and may impact on participant understanding and rates of recruitment.

Methods: A study within a trial (SWAT) was undertaken within the CASPER trial. Potential CASPER participants were randomised to receive either the standard trial information or revised information that had been optimised through information design and user testing.

Results: A total of 11,531 patients were randomised in the SWAT. Rates of recruitment to the CASPER trial were 2.0% in the optimised information group and 1.9% in the standard information group (odds ratio 1.027; 95% CI 0.79 to 1.33; p=0.202).

Conclusions: Participant information that had been optimised through information design and user testing did not result in any change to rate of recruitment to the host trial.

Registration: ISRCTN ID ISRCTN02202951; registered on 3 June 2009.
Wielokulturowość a nauka
Authors: Mączka Dorian
Published: May 2020

Multiculturalism and Science The plurality of cultural perspectives is currently an important topic in the media, politics, the social and political sciences, philosophy, ethics, and even aesthetics. It is not, however, commonly associated with science and epistemology. That being said, many discussions about relations between culture(s) and science(s) have taken place in various fields of sociology of knowledge and science studies. In this paper, I refer to these discussions and present two possible understandings of the relation between multiculturalism and science: multiculturalism in science and multiculturalism of science. Multiculturalism in science denotes cultural plurality amongst researchers, while the more controversial idea of multiculturalism of science refers to multiculturalism as a necessary condition for epistemic and scientific progress. Following the presentation of these concepts, I discuss objectivistic objections against incorporating cultural elements into discussions about the merits of science. On the other hand, I also point out some dubious and dangerous antiscientific claims of radical relativists. Finally, drawing on pragmatic premises, I present a methodological argument for the multiculturalism of science.
Dociekliwi jako nowy ruch społeczny: aspekty polityczne realizacji prawa dostępu do informacji publicznej w Polsce
Authors: Wałdoch Marcin
Published: May 2020

The Inquisitives as a New Social Movement: Political Aspects of Exercising the Right for the Access to Information in Poland In this paper, the author analyzes the new social movement labeled „The Inquisitives”. It apparently has its roots in political thought and in philosophy of „the right to know”. Poland adopted the Act on Access to Public Information (2001) to give citizens the formal right to inquire about the public affairs. The information society strives for information about political issues, and about political-public affairs. The author of this paper has stated two hypothesis that (1) a new social movement – the Inquisitives has been occurring in Poland and (2) access to public information has been used for political struggle. The author aims to explore aims, genesis, background, roles, functions, and political values of The Inquisitives within categories such as political scandals, corruption, interest groups, power concentration.
„Demokracja organiczna” Alaina de Benoista jako alternatywa dla globalistycznej demokracji liberalnej
Authors: Bielawski Paweł
Published: May 2020

Alain de Benoist’s ‘Organic Democracy’ as an Alternative to the Globalist Liberal Democracy

The topic of the article is the concept of organic democracy, as envisioned by Alain de Benoist. The French writer is critical of modern liberal democracy – he believes it is a fundamentally flawed system which should be reviewed. He proposes an alternative “organic democracy”, an illiberal form of democracy. The article briefly outlines the development of democracy in Europe and then describes the original Athenian democracy. Subsequently, the paper describes in depth the differences between the principles of representation and participation, and then proceeds to outline the relations between equality and homogeneity in democracy. Afterward, Benoist’s critique of liberal democracy is outlined and is situated in the context of Benoist’s body of work. The article concludes with a critical review of the concept of organic democracy.
Dynamic Inventory Control with Stockout Substitution and Demand Learning
Authors: Chen Boxiao , Chao Xiuli
Published: May 2020

We consider an inventory control problem with multiple products and stockout substitution. The firm knows neither the primary demand distribution for each product nor the customers’ substitution probabilities between products a priori, and it needs to learn such information from sales data on the fly. One challenge in this problem is that the firm cannot distinguish between primary demand and substitution (overflow) demand from the sales data of any product, and lost sales are not observable. To circumvent these difficulties, we construct learning stages with each stage consisting of a cyclic exploration scheme and a benchmark exploration interval. The benchmark interval allows us to isolate the primary demand information from the sales data, and then this information is used against the sales data from the cyclic exploration intervals to estimate substitution probabilities. Because raising the inventory level helps obtain primary demand information but hinders substitution demand information, inventory decisions have to be carefully balanced to learn them together. We show that our learning algorithm admits a worst-case regret rate that (almost) matches the theoretical lower bound, and numerical experiments demonstrate that the algorithm performs very well.

This paper was accepted by J. George Shanthikumar, big data analytics.
The Effects of Menu Costs on Retail Performance: Evidence from Adoption of the Electronic Shelf Label Technology
Authors: Stamatopoulos Ioannis , Bassamboo Achal , Moreno Antonio
Published: May 2020

We use the adoption of electronic shelf labels (ESLs) by an international grocery retailer in 2015 to identify the effects of physical menu costs (i.e., labor and material costs of price adjustment) on retail performance. We find that the installation of ESLs increased gross margins substantially, which implies profit gains that go far beyond labor cost savings. We also explore the mechanism behind this effect. We find that the lift in gross margins was associated with an increase in quantity sold and a decrease in price per unit sold, and that the lift primarily came from low-shelf life product categories. Moreover, we find that more and smaller price changes occurred with ESLs. These additional price changes were mostly price decreases, and they were dispersed in time. Our findings are consistent with reductions in both variable and fixed menu costs (i.e., both costs that scale with the number of products affected and costs that do not).

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
A trajetória da política habitacional a partir da perspectiva do institucionalismo histórico
Authors: Outeiro Gabriel Moraes , Nascimento Durbens Martins
Published: May 2020

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo examinar a coordenação de interesses na trajetória da política habitacional federal desde a década de 1940. Neste contexto, questiona qual o legado deixado por esta trajetória para a política habitacional no espaço urbano brasileiro, que inicia com a Fundação da Casa Popular, passa pelo Banco Nacional da Habitação em 1964 até chegar no programa Minha Casa Minha Vida em 2009. Assim, o trabalho utiliza como arcabouço teórico o institucionalismo histórico, que orienta a sua abordagem metodológica, que examina o comportamento dos atores, a trajetória institucional e o seu legado. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, que se utilizou de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Como principal resultado, constatou-se que a dinâmica político-institucional da política habitacional iniciou um caminho mais direcionado a estimular a economia do setor da construção civil, do que atender as camadas sociais mais vulneráveis, que se manteve relativamente estável dentro do quadro federativo, reproduzindo segregação socioespacial e sem condições de efetivar o direito à cidade em favor de todos os moradores do tecido urbano
A responsabilidade civil e criminal na internet: o papel do judiciário brasileiro
Authors: França Marlene Helena
Published: May 2020

A internet se transformou nos últimos anos numa importante ferramenta no processo de comunicação entre as pessoas, bem como, na realização dos mais variados negócios. Paralelo aos benefícios em razão da abrangência por ela alcançada, também são contabilizados uma série de malefícios, sobretudo, o que diz respeito ao seu mau uso. Simultaneamente com o benefício desse serviço surgiram os crimes virtuais, porém, o ordenamento jurídico pátrio não acompanhou a velocidade de crescimento do uso desta importante tecnologia. Existem projetos de lei que aguardam serem sancionados a mais de três anos e, enquanto isso, os criminosos se aperfeiçoam cada dia mais. O resultado desta disparidade é verificado no número de casos de pessoas lesadas e de indivíduos responsabilizados por estes crimes. Assim, este artigo versa sobre a responsabilidade civil e criminal relacionada à internet, cujo recorte repousa nas condutas adotadas pelos internautas em relação a alguns aspectos, fazendo do espaço virtual uma “terra sem lei”. Pretende-se discutir o significado de responsabilidade civil e criminal e como os tribunais brasileiros tem se posicionado em relação a esses crimes. Utilizou-se da revisão bibliográfica como aporte metodológico, bem como, a abordagem hipotético-dedutivo, cuja toma por base a percepção e o aprofundamento teórico de um determinado problema. O resultado dessa análise mostrou que as pessoas precisam estar atentas para as condutas adotadas na internet e assumir responsabilidades diante de seus atos, pois ninguém é obrigado a sofrer todo tipo de ofensa, tampouco ficar indiferente em face da mesma.
Aortocaval fistula, a potentially favourable complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture in endovascular repair
Authors: Greenfield S , Martin G , Malina M , Theivacumar NS
Published: May 2020

Endovascular aneurysm repair is an established treatment for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. Primary aortocaval fistula is an exceedingly rare finding in ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, with a reported incidence of less than 1%. The presence of an aortocaval fistula used to be an unexpected finding in open surgical repair which often resulted in massive haemorrhage and caval injury. We present a case of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm with an aortocaval fistula that was successfully treated with percutaneous endovascular aneurysm repair under local anaesthesia. Despite a persistent type 2 endoleak the aneurysm sack shrank from 8.4cm to 4.8cm in 12 months. The presence of an aortocaval fistula may have depressurised the aneurysm, resulting in less bleeding retroperitoneally and may have promoted rapid shrinkage of the sac despite the presence of a persistent type 2 endoleak.
Impact of family history risk assessment on surgical decisions and imaging surveillance at breast cancer diagnosis
Authors: Jones S , Turton P , Achuthan R
Published: May 2020

Introduction

In June 2013, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published guidance on the management of women with a family history (FH) of breast cancer (BC) and a personal diagnosis of BC. When diagnosed with BC, pressure of timely treatment takes priority and there is potential for a significant FH to be overlooked. This can affect treatment options and follow-up imaging (FUI) surveillance.

Methods

The practice in our breast unit was compared with the NICE guidance with regard to arranging appropriate FUI and referral to the genetics team for women diagnosed with BC with a FH of BC. Data were obtained retrospectively on 200 women with BC, identified from the breast multidisciplinary team meetings from January to March 2014. Initial audit showed poor compliance with recording of FH. A standardised history taking proforma was produced for clinic use. A re‐audit was conducted on a further 200 women between May and July 2016.

Results

In the initial audit, FH was taken in 151 women (76%) compared with 174 women (87%) in the re‐audit. Thirty-seven women (25%) were thought to be of moderate risk (MR) or high risk (HR) based on FH in the first audit. Re‐audit identified 35 women (20%) with MR or HR FH. Under half (43%) of the women of HR were referred to the genetics team initially; this increased to 70% in the second audit. While almost half (46%) of the women with MR or HR had inappropriate FUI in the initial audit, this fell to 11% in the re‐audit.

Conclusions

A proportion of women diagnosed with BC would fall into the MR or HR categories as defined in the NICE FH guidance. Inadequate recording of FH could result in inadequate FUI surveillance and in some cases missing the opportunity for a genetic referral to assess suitability for gene testing.
Broadband terahertz absorber with a flexible, reconfigurable performance based on hybrid-patterned vanadium dioxide metasurfaces
Authors: Huang Jin , Li Jining , Yang Yue , Li Jie , Li Jiahui , Zhang Yating , Yao Jianquan
Published: May 2020

An actively tunable broadband terahertz absorber is numerically demonstrated, which consists of four identical vanadium dioxide (VO2) square loops and a metal ground plane separated by a dielectric spacer. Simulation results show that an excellent absorption bandwidth of 90% terahertz absorptance reaches as wide as 2.45 THz from 1.85 to 4.3 THz under normal incidence. By changing the conductivity of VO2, an approximately perfect amplitude modulation is realized with the absorptance dynamically tuned from 4% to 100%. This absorption performance is greatly improved compared with previously reported VO2-based absorbers. The physical mechanisms of a single absorption band and the perfect absorption are elucidated by the wave-interference theory and the impedance matching theory, respectively. Field distributions are further discussed to explore the physical origin of this absorber. In addition, it also has the advantages of polarization insensitivity and wide-angle absorption. The proposed absorber may have many promising applications in the terahertz range such as modulator, sensor, cloaking and optic-electro switches.
All-optical PtSe2 silicon photonic modulator with ultra-high stability
Authors: Wei Kangkang , Li Delong , Lin Zhitao , Cheng Zhao , Yao Yuhan , Guo Jia , Wang Yunzheng , Zhang Yupeng , Dong Jianji , Zhang Han , Zhang Xinliang
Published: May 2020

All-optical modulation based on the photothermal effect of two-dimensional (2D) materials shows great promise for all-optical signal processing and communication. In this work, an all-optical modulator with a 2D

PtSe

2

-on-silicon structure based on a microring resonator is proposed and demonstrated utilizing the photothermal effect of

PtSe

2

. A tuning efficiency of

0.0040
  
nm
 
·
 

mW

−
1

is achieved, and the 10%–90% rise and decay times are 304 μs and 284 μs, respectively. The fabricated device exhibits a long-term air stability of more than 3 months. The experimental results prove that 2D

PtSe

2

has great potential for optical modulation on a silicon photonic platform.
Low-loss hybrid plasmonic TM-pass polarizer using polarization-dependent mode conversion
Authors: Chen Ruixuan , Bai Bowen , Zhou Zhiping
Published: May 2020

A low-loss hybrid plasmonic transverse magnetic (TM)-pass polarizer has been demonstrated utilizing polarization-dependent mode conversion. Taking advantage of the silicon hybrid plasmonic slot waveguide (HPSW), the unwanted transverse electric (TE) fundamental mode can be efficiently converted first to a TM higher-order mode and then suppressed by a power combiner, while the retained TM fundamental mode can pass through with negligible influence. Since the HPSW feature both strong structural asymmetry and a small interaction area in the cross-section between the metal and optical field, the optimized insertion loss of the device is as low as 0.4 dB. At the wavelength of 1550 nm, the extinction ratio is 28.3 dB with a moderate footprint of

2.38
  
μm
×
10
  
μm

. For the entire C band, the average reflection of the TE mode is suppressed below

−
14
  
dB

, and the extinction ratio is over 18.6 dB. This work provides another more efficient and effective approach for better on-chip polarizers.
Assessment of PARP-1 Distribution in Tissues of Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Ferreira Maria Tedim , Berger Louise , Rouleau Michèle , Poirier Guy G.
Published: May 2020

The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) enzyme has received much attention in the last decade due to its promising role in cancer therapeutics. Despite the expanding use of PARP inhibitors in cancer therapy, little is known about PARP-1 tissue distribution. Our study provides a detailed survey of PARP-1 tissue and cellular distribution using well-preserved cynomolgus monkey organs and a well-characterized, highly specific monoclonal PARP-1 antibody. Overall, PARP-1 was detected in most organs, but its distribution was restricted to specific cells within each tissue, suggesting that PARP-1 expression is tightly regulated. The strongest expression was in the pituitary, the ovary, the male adrenal gland, and the thymus. One of the key findings of this study was the stronger expression of PARP-1 in proliferating cells rather than mature cells. This observation not only provides clues to the importance of PARP-1 in processes such as DNA replication and transcription in these cell types, but it also provides the basis for further investigation into the effects of its inhibition in the context of malignancy. Overall, this study greatly expands the current knowledge of PARP-1 tissue expression, enabling the identification of tissues where PARP inhibition may be most efficacious.
Immunohistochemical Localization of Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumors 1 in Normal Human Tissues
Authors: Bathum Nexoe Anders , Pedersen Andreas Arnholdt , von Huth Sebastian , Detlefsen Sönke , Hansen Pernille Lund , Holmskov Uffe
Published: May 2020

Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1) is part of the innate immune system and is expressed on mucosal surfaces in various tissues throughout the human body. However, to date, the localization of DMBT1 has not been investigated systematically and comprehensively in normal human tissues. In this study, we analyzed the mRNA expression of DMBT1 in human tissue by quantitative real-time PCR and examined its localization and distribution in the tissue by immunohistochemical staining using the monoclonal DMBT1 antibody HYB213-6. Anti-ovalbumin was used as an isotype control. The highest level of mRNA expression of DMBT1 was found in the small intestine, and the expression level was high throughout the luminal digestive tract. The expression of DMBT1 was especially high in the luminal digestive tract and salivary glands. The lowest expression level was found in the spleen. Immunohistochemical staining showed a high expression level of DMBT1 on mucosal surfaces throughout the body. There was a clear correlation between the mRNA expression and immunohistochemical expression of DMBT1 in the tissue. DMBT1 is strongly expressed on mucosal surfaces and in salivary glands
Erdőgazdálkodás és logisztika
Authors: Harangi-Rákos Mónika , Oláh Judit , Antal Gabriella , Fróna Dániel
Published: May 2020

Az erdő először otthont adott az embernek, aki később felismerte hasznosságát, használhatóságát. A faanyag végigkíséri az embert élete útján, egészen a bölcsőtől a sírig. A fa a ma használatos természetes és mesterséges anyagok korában még mindig jelentős szereppel bír. Kutatásunk célja az volt, hogy bemutassuk egy erdőgazdálkodással foglalkozó vállalkozás gazdálkodását, valamint a logisztikai funkciók működésének hatékonyságát. Mint állami erdőgazdálkodónak, a nemzetgazdaságban betöltött szerepe, valamennyi erdőt használó élőlény, ember, növény és állat érdekeinek figyelembevételével is meghatározó. A hazai erdészeti logisztika működését nemzetközi összevetésben is tárgyaljuk annak érdekében, hogy a külföldi jó gyakorlatok hazai lehetséges adaptálását is elemezhessük.
Magyarország földhasználatának elemzése rendszerváltástól napjainkig
Authors: Csipkés Margit , Nagy Lajos , Szabó Katalin
Published: May 2020

Magyarország területe 9,3 millió hektár, mely az elmúlt 15 év alatt némi változásokon ment keresztül. Cikkünkben ezért megvizsgáltuk a teljes területből a termőterület és a kivett terület változását 1990-től napjainkig, majd ezt követően a termőterület és a mezőgazdasági terület alakulását. Mivel az állattenyésztés jelentősége rendszerváltástól napjainkig csökkent, így érdemes áttekinteni a mezőgazdasági terület változásának sajátosságait (ezen belül a különböző művelési ágakat) és a legfontosabb szántóföldi növénytermesztési ágazatok növénytermesztésben betöltött szerepét. Az elemzésünkhöz a KSH adatbázisait alkalmaztuk.
A hazai sütőipar helyzete napjainkban
Authors: Szabó P. Balázs
Published: May 2020

A hazai sütőipari ágazatot számos probléma sújtja. Csökken a szakképzett munkaerő létszáma, a fiatalok nem választják a pék szakmát, valamint nagyon gyakori az elvándorlás is. Az átlagos bérszínvonal az élelmiszeripari ágazatok között a sütőiparban a legalacsonyabb, így a versenyszféra más területeihez képest még nagyobb a lemaradás. Ezekhez hozzájön még a sütőipari termékek magas ÁFA-ja is. Ebben a helyzetben kell a mai magyar tulajdonosi háttérrel rendelkező pékségeknek talpon maradni.
Szeged közösségi közlekedésének jövője elektromos meghajtású járművek használatával az ELIPTIC projekt tapasztalatai alapján
Authors: Tóth István Tibor , Gál József
Published: May 2020

Városiasodó világunkban mindig fontos feladat volt a helyi közlekedés hatékony, gazdaságos, fenntartható kialakítása, megvalósítása. A fenntarthatóság alatt napjainkban szinte mindenki a környezetbarát, energiahatékony megoldások alkalmazását érti, ami általánosan elfogadott szemléletben az egyéni közlekedést kiváltó elektromos hajtású közösségi közlekedést, kerékpározást, gyaloglást, carsharing-et és e-autózást jelent. A lakosság számával és életmódjának változásával bővülő egyéni utazások száma miatt egyre bonyolultabb olyan megoldást ajánlani, ami korunk emberének megfelel. Szegeden, a településszerkezet, az épített közlekedési infrastruktúra, a kialakult kötöttpályás hálózat, mind sugallja az elektromos meghajtású járművek használatának bővítését. Az elektromos jármüvek térhódításának lehetőségét két irányban vizsgálja az Európai Unió által támogatott H2020-as ELIPTIC projekt. Az egyik irány a trolibusz vonalak bővítése, meghosszabbítása felsővezeték építése nélkül, az autóbusszal végzett szolgáltatási arány kárára. A másik irány a meglévő infrastruktúrára épülő multifunkcionális elektromos töltő hálózat kiépítése.
Szerzői kapcsolatháló-elemzés a családi gazdálkodásokról szóló publikációk alapján
Authors: Lengyel Péter , Dani Odett , Oláh Judit , Popp József
Published: May 2020

Kutatásunk során a családi gazdálkodásról szóló cikkek szerzőinek kapcsolati hálózatát elemeztük. A kapcsolatháló elemzés definíciója alapján makro szinten tettük ezt, hiszen ez vizsgálja az egyének közötti kapcsolatokat, illetve a közöttük lévő interakciókat. A minta alapját az 1976-2016 között ebben a témában írt 254 tudományos cikk adja. A cikkben a szerzői kapcsolatokat ábrázoló hálót mutatjuk be. Kutatásunkban arra kerestük a választ, hogy miért lehet hasznos a kapcsolatháló­elemzés, illetve kik a legfontosabb szereplők a hálóban.
A magyar élelmiszergazdaság jellemzői és kihívásai a XXI. században
Authors: Panyor Ágota
Published: May 2020

A magyar élelmiszergazdaság alakulása kerül áttekintésre a rendszerváltástól az Uniós csatlakozásig, majd az Uniós csatlakozást követően napjainkig. Részletesen kitérek az élelmiszerek fogyasztási szerkezetének alakulására és az ebből következő piaci kihívásokra. Továbbá a magyar élelmiszergazdaság problémáit és azok megoldási lehetőségeit vizsgálom az élelmiszertermelés és élelmiszer kereskedelem vonatkozásában.
A közvetlen értékesítési csatornák és a helyi termékek kapcsolatának területi aspektusai
Authors: Nagyné Demeter Dóra , Szűcs Antónia , Koncz Gábor
Published: May 2020

Tanulmányunkban arra keressük a választ, hogy a rövid ellátási láncok sikerét mennyiben befolyásolhatja a jelenlegi helyi termék kínálat, valamint az értékesítést biztosító helyi „hagyományos" piacok, termelői piacok, biopiacok száma és területi lehelyezkedése. Az ellátási láncot tehát a termelők és az értékesítési csatorna oldaláról közelítettük meg, két minta területen (Komárom-Esztergom, Heves megye). Mindkét megye területén, elsődleges és másodlagos adatbázisok segítségével mértük fel az említett tényezőket, külön megvizsgálva térbeli eloszlásukat, és az ebből fakadó területi különbségeket. Vizsgálati eredményeinket összevetettük a rendelkezésre álló európai uniós források által kínált pályázati kiírás feltételrendszerével, lehatárolva a potenciális pályázók körét, a lehetséges REL-ek számát.
A gazdasági felsőoktatás hatása a fiatalok pénzügyi kultúrájára
Authors: Pintye Alexandra , Kiss Marietta
Published: May 2020

Kutatásunk célja annak feltárása volt, hogy a célzott pénzügyi-gazdasági képzésben részesülő egyetemi hallgatók pénzügyi kultúrája mutat-e eltérést az ilyen képzésben nem részesülő fiatalokéhoz képest. Eredményeink szerint a gazdasági felsőoktatás pozitív hatását csupán a pénzügyi kultúra egy komponensénél, a pénzügyi ismereteknél lehet egyértelműen kimutatni. A pénzügyi viselkedés (2. komponens) esetén csupán két elem mentén mutattuk ki a gazdasági képzésben való részvétel pozitív hatását, míg a pénzügyi attitűdök (3. komponens) esetében egyáltalán nem tapasztaltuk azt. Mindez alátámasztja a pénzügyi-gazdasági képzés közoktatásba való bevezetésének szükségességét, hiszen az oktatás a későbbiekben már csupán a pénzügyi kultúra látható, felszín feletti részére képes jelentős hatást gyakorolni.
Gazdasági és kereskedelmi fejlődés a világban
Authors: Erdeiné Késmárki-Gally Szilvia , Neszmélyi György Iván
Published: May 2020

A gazdasági globalizáció olyan átfogó folyamat, amely szinte teljesen átrendezte világgazdaságunk térképét a 21. századra. Ezt a lehetőséget Kína sikeresen meg is ragadta, mivel az elmúlt három évtizedben, a nyitás politikájának kezdete óta, gazdasága nagymértékű változásokon ment keresztül. Kína és a szubszaharai afrikai országok - elsősorban a kölcsönös gazdasági előnyökön alapuló - kapcsolata talán az egyik legérdekesebb napjainkban. Éppen ezért a szerzők e kapcsolatjellemzőit vizsgálták.
Stratégia a helyi energiák fellelésére és megerősítésére
Authors: Kiss Gyula
Published: May 2020

A vidékfejlesztés szándéka, a turizmus felfutása és az „uniós-pénzek” az egész országban megépülő projekteket, de legalább is terveket generáltak. A megvalósult, illetve erre váró fejlesztések valós eredményessége jelentős szórást mutat. Ennek oka lehet a pénzügyi és marketing tervek változóminősége, a „pozitív jövőkép” néha túlzó elvárásokon alapuló prognosztizálása. De legalább ilyen fontos bizonytalansági faktor a tökéletlen építészeti és tájépítészeti koncepcionális. A beinvesztált javak érdektelen, - saját nyelvhasználatom szerint „szürkén-homogén” - elköltése. A bemutatásra kerülő mintaprojekt példáján meghatározásra kerülnek azon építészeti és környezetépítési stratégiai elvek, melyek betartása jelentősen erősíti a turisztikai vonzerő növelése érdekében létrehozandó vidékfejlesztési munkák hatékonyságát.
Felmérés trolibuszvezetők körében a hibrid trolibuszokról
Authors: Gál József , Tóth István Tibor
Published: May 2020

Városiasodó világunkban mindig fontos feladat volt a helyi közlekedés hatékony,gazdaságos, fenntartható kialakítása, megvalósítása. A fenntarthatóság alatt napjainkban szintemindenki a környezetbarát, energiahatékony megoldások alkalmazását érti. Manapság általánosanelfogadott szemlélet az egyéni közlekedést kiváltó elektromos hajtású közösségi közlekedés,kerékpározás, gyaloglás, carsharing és e-autózás fejlesztése. A lakosság számával és életmódjánakváltozásával bővülő egyéni utazások száma miatt egyre nehezebb olyan megoldást ajánlani, amikorunk emberének megfelel. Szegeden, a településszerkezet, az épített közlekedési infrastruktúra, akialakult kötöttpályás hálózat, mind sugallja az elektromos meghajtású járművek használatánakbővítését. Az elektromos jármüvek térhódításának lehetőségét két irányban vizsgálja az Európai Unióáltal támogatott H2020-as ELIPTIC projekt. Az egyik irány a trolibusz vonalak bővítése,meghosszabbítása felsővezeték építése nélkül, az autóbusszal végzett szolgáltatási arány kárára. Amásik irány a meglévő infrastruktúrára épülő multifunkcionális elektromos töltő hálózat kiépítése.Több cikkből álló publikációnkban trolibuszvezetőket kérdeztünk meg kérdőíves módszerrel atémában kialakult véleményükről.