bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the area of potential thermal refuges using generalized additive models and multivariate adaptive regression splines: A case study from the Ste‐Marguerite River
Authors: Saadi Al Mahdi , Msilini Amina , Charron Christian , St‐Hilaire André , Ouarda Taha B. M. J.
Published: October 2021

Thermal refuges in rivers are becoming a critical habitat for ectotherm fish, including Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). In this study, two statistical modelling approaches were used to estimate the areas of potential thermal refuges: generalized additive models (GAM) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS). This allowed for the first development of a reliable statistical model that uses a few relevant predictors (air temperature, river discharge, main river, and tributary temperatures) to estimate tributary plume thermal refuge surface areas. GAM and MARS models were fitted independently for four sites on the Ste‐Marguerite River, (Quebec, Canada). Model performances were evaluated using the leave‐one‐out cross validation (LOOCV) approach and the following criteria: the Akaike information criterion (AIC), root‐mean‐square error (RMSE), relative root‐mean‐square error (rRMSE), Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NASH), and finally the bias (BIAS). Using an array of thermographs deployed at the confluence of a cold tributary and the warmer main river stem, refuges were delineated at a daily time step. Model results indicate that the estimated areas are similar to the refuge surfaces interpolated using temperature measurements, with both models and for all sites. Results suggest that MARS performs better than GAM in terms of forecasting and estimating the variability of the area of thermal refuges at all study‐stations. This relatively simple approach will be of use to water resources managers faced with the challenge of protecting thermal refuges for fish.
Achieving sustainable development goals through board size and innovation
Authors: Chindasombatcharoen Pongsapak , Chatjuthamard Pattanaporn , Jiraporn Pornsit , Treepongkaruna Sirimon
Published: October 2021

Sustainable development is one of the prominent goals promoted by the United Nations (UN). To achieve Sustainable Development Goals, the UN identifies innovation as one of the important elements. Motivated by this, we explore how board size affects firm's innovation and find a negative relation between board size and firm's innovation. Our analyses including ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions, instrumental variable, propensity score matching, and generalized method of moment (GMM) dynamic panel data estimation show that our results are robust and are not driven by unobserved heterogeneity. Our findings are consistent with stewardship theory where a smaller board leads to more corporate innovation, which eventually leads to sustainable firms.
Penalized Poisson model for network meta‐analysis of individual patient time‐to‐event data
Authors: Ollier Edouard , Blanchard Pierre , Le Teuff Gwénaël , Michiels Stefan
Published: October 2021

Network meta‐analysis (NMA) allows the combination of direct and indirect evidence from a set of randomized clinical trials. Performing NMA using individual patient data (IPD) is considered as a “gold standard” approach as it provides several advantages over NMA based on aggregate data. For example, it allows to perform advanced modeling of covariates or covariate‐treatment interactions. An important issue in IPD NMA is the selection of influential parameters among terms that account for inconsistency, covariates, covariate‐by‐treatment interactions or nonproportionality of treatments effect for time to event data. This issue has not been deeply studied in the literature yet and in particular not for time‐to‐event data. A major difficulty is to jointly account for between‐trial heterogeneity which could have a major influence on the selection process. The use of penalized generalized mixed effect model is a solution, but existing implementations have several shortcomings and an important computational cost that precludes their use for complex IPD NMA. In this article, we propose a penalized Poisson regression model to perform IPD NMA of time‐to‐event data. It is based only on fixed effect parameters which improve its computational cost over the use of random effects. It could be easily implemented using existing penalized regression package. Computer code is shared for implementation. The methods were applied on simulated data to illustrate the importance to take into account between trial heterogeneity during the selection procedure. Finally, it was applied to an IPD NMA of overall survival of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
The Dual Functions of Defect‐Rich Carbon Nanotubes as Both Conductive Matrix and Efficient Mediator for LiS Batteries
Authors: Jiang Jicheng , Fan Qining , Zheng Zhi , Kaiser Mohammad Rejaul , Chou Shulei , Konstantinov Konstantin , Liu Huakun , Lin Liangxu , Wang Jiazhao
Published: October 2021

LiS batteries are considered a promising energy storage system owing to the great abundance of sulfur and its high specific capacity. Polysulfide shuttling and sluggish reaction kinetics in sulfur cathodes significantly degrade the cycle life of LiS batteries. A modified method is employed to create defects in carbon nanotubes (CNTs), anchoring polysulfides, and accelerating electrochemical reactions. The defect‐rich CNTs (D‐CNT) enable dramatic improvement in both cycling and rate performance. A specific capacity of 600 mAh g−1 with a current density of 0.5 C is achieved after 400 cycles, and even at a very high current density (5.0 C), a specific capacity of 434 mAh g−1 is observed. Cycling stability up to 1000 cycles is also achieved under the conditions of high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte. Theoretical calculations revealed that the improvement is mainly attributable to the electronic structure of defect‐rich carbon, which has higher binding energy with polysulfides because of the upshift of the p‐band center. Furthermore, rotating disk electrode measurements demonstrate that the defect‐rich carbon can accelerate the polysulfide conversion process. It is anticipated that this new design strategy can be the starting point for mediator‐like carbon materials with good conductivity and high catalytic activity for LiS batteries.
Deciphering the Carrier Transport Properties in Two‐Dimensional Perovskites via Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Zou Yuting , Yu Zhi , Ma Hao , Zhao Chen , Wang Bin , Li Ruiyan , Li Xiuyun , Yang Jianjun , Li Feng , Yu Weili
Published: October 2021

2D layered organic‐inorganic perovskites have attracted substantial attention due to their high stability and promising optoelectronic properties. However, in‐depth insights on the anisotropic carrier transport properties of these 2D perovskites are remaining challenging, while they are significant for further designing the high‐performance device applications. Here, the carrier transport properties within 2D perovskite single crystals are investigated and a layered‐carrier‐transport model is developed through the non‐invasive and non‐destructive surface‐enhanced Raman scattering techniques. The carrier transport features of 2D perovskites show clearly the thickness‐, applied voltage‐ and anisotropy‐dependent behaviors, which are demonstrated to origin from the quantum confinement effect. The findings elucidate the carrier transport mechanisms within 2D perovskites from their molecular level through Raman spectroscopy, thus providing a promising way for exploring the photo‐physical properties in wide‐ranged halide perovskites and designing highly efficient perovskite optoelectronic devices.
Rational Design of the Lotus‐Like N‐Co2VO4‐Co Heterostructures with Well‐Defined Interfaces in Suppressing the Shuttle Effect and Dendrite Growth in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhou Wei , Zhao Dengke , Wu Qikai , Dan Jiacheng , Zhu Xiaojing , Lei Wen , Ma Li‐Jun , Li Ligui
Published: October 2021

The shuttle effect caused by soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and intrinsic slow electrochemical transformation from LiPSs to Li2S/Li2S2 will induce undesirable cycling performance, which is the primary obstruct limiting the practical applications of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Here a convenient method is designed to fabricate the 2D louts‐like N‐Co2VO4‐Co heterostructures with well‐abundant interfaces and oxygen vacancies (Vo), endowing the materials with both “sulfiphilic” and “lithiophilic” features. When employed as the modification layer coated on commercial Celgard 2400 separator, the as‐prepared N‐Co2VO4‐Co/PP with synergistic adsorption‐electrocatalysis effects achieves desirable sulfur electrochemistry, thus showing a high initial discharge capacity of 1466.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and stable cycle life with a fade rate of 0.03% per cycle over 1000 cycle at 3.0 C. Moreover, a superior areal capacity of 12.84 mAh cm−2 is preserved under high sulfur loading of 14.3 mg cm−2.
Center Segregation Evolution in Slab Continuous Casting with Mechanical Reduction: A 3D Simulation
Authors: Jiang Dongbin , Zhang Lifeng , Zhu Miaoyong
Published: October 2021

A 3D model is built to simulate the transport behavior in the slab continuous casting with mechanical reduction. More importantly, the reduction amounts and reduction positions on the center segregation evolution are investigated. The model is verified by the measured solute segregation and surface temperature. The results show that liquid steel from the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) impacts the slab narrow surface directly, which reduces the solidified shell thickness in the edge part. In later solidification, the bulging amount of the edge part is larger than that of the middle part, which promotes solute‐enriched liquid to move from middle part to edge part and results in serious segregation. When the reduction zone is set at 13−17 m from the meniscus, the center segregation of the middle part is reduced, but that of the edge part becomes more serious, due to the enriched liquid compressed to the edge part. The slab solidification end should be within the reduction zone, both for the middle part and for the edge part. The optimum reduction zone is from 15.0−17.0 m to 16.0−18.0 m, where center segregation in the edge part begins to decrease and that in the middle part remains at a lower level.
“Rhodes‐” must fall: Some of the consequences of colonialism for botany and plant nomenclature
Authors: Smith Gideon F. , Figueiredo Estrela
Published: October 2021

A recent increase in awareness of the impact and aftereffects of imperialism and colonialism has served to indicate to the world that change can occur rapidly and likely irreversibly in numerous spheres of life. A well‐publicised example is the “Rhodes Must Fall” campaign that started in Cape Town, South Africa, in 2015, and eventually spread to the United Kingdom. One of the outcomes of this initiative has been the removal of the statue of Cecil John Rhodes from the campus of the University of Cape Town. Yet, in plant nomenclature, because of the rules that govern the scientific naming plants, names that include the root “rhodes‐”, where C.J. Rhodes is commemorated, are persisting. This is one example of names and epithets that are perceived by many as offensive and unacceptable. The botanical community should take cognisance of these developments and use the mechanisms at its disposal, or develop new ones, to proactively find solutions to address how to deal with such names and epithets.
Development of a near‐infrared reflecting EVA cooling compound with flame retardant property
Authors: Gu Puzhong , Jiang Tiankai , Zhang Jun
Published: October 2021

A high near‐infrared (NIR) reflective cooling compound with flame retardant characteristics was fabricated by incorporating antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) and decabrominated diphenyl ethane (DBDPE) into ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). The solar reflectivity and cooling capacities of the control sample and EVA compounds with either Sb2O3 or DBDPE, and EVA composites embedded with Sb2O3 and DBDPE, were evaluated by ultraviolet–visible–near infrared analysis and temperature tests. The effect of Sb2O3 and DBDPE on the flammability, thermal behavior, and mechanical properties of EVA copolymer were determined via the UL‐94 burning test, limiting oxygen index (LOI), differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and tensile and tearing tests. Compared with the glass blank, EVA compound filled with 10 wt% Sb2O3 and 30 wt% DBDPE showed a roughly 17.3°C and 38.0°C decrease during sunlight exposure and in indoors, respectively, accompanied by the maximum NIR reflectivity of 68.8% in all as‐prepared blends. Moreover, this as‐prepared compound met a UL‐94 V‐0 classification and reached a LOI value of 29.3%. Notably, the singular addition of either Sb2O3 or DBDPE improved the cooling capability of EVA but rarely fulfilled the fire retardant demand. In contrast, the incorporation of Sb2O3 and DBDPE improved the desirable cooling and flame retardant properties.
The hindered rotor theory: A review
Authors: Dzib Eugenia , Merino Gabriel
Published: October 2021

Hindered rotations are common in nature and can greatly affect thermodynamic properties. Typically, the standard rigid‐rotor harmonic‐oscillator approximation is used to compute thermodynamic properties; however, it often leads to serious errors, particularly for molecules with hindered rotations. Hence, to reach accurate thermodynamic predictions for such cases, the hindered rotor approximation must be applied. Different methods to compute thermodynamic properties for molecules with hindered rotations are available. Herein, we review the theoretical basis of different methods, their accuracy, and applicability. We also present the different algorithms to identify hindered rotors and obtain the input parameters for the hindered rotor model, and the software available to compute thermodynamic properties under this scheme.

This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures

Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and Kinetics
Entanglement entropy and edge modes in topological string theory. Part I. Generalized entropy for closed strings
Authors: Donnelly William , Jiang Yikun , Kim Manki , Wong Gabriel
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Progress in identifying the bulk microstate interpretation of the Ryu-Takayanagi formula requires understanding how to define entanglement entropy in the bulk closed string theory. Unfortunately, entanglement and Hilbert space factorization remains poorly understood in string theory. As a toy model for AdS/CFT, we study the entanglement entropy of closed strings in the topological A-model in the context of Gopakumar-Vafa duality. We will present our results in two separate papers. In this work, we consider the bulk closed string theory on the resolved conifold and give a self-consistent factorization of the closed string Hilbert space using extended TQFT methods. We incorporate our factorization map into a Frobenius algebra describing the fusion and splitting of Calabi-Yau manifolds, and find string edge modes transforming under a q-deformed surface symmetry group. We define a string theory analogue of the Hartle-Hawking state and give a canonical calculation of its entanglement entropy from the reduced density matrix. Our result matches with the geometrical replica trick calculation on the resolved conifold, as well as a dual Chern-Simons theory calculation which will appear in our next paper [1]. We find a realization of the Susskind-Uglum proposal identifying the entanglement entropy of closed strings with the thermal entropy of open strings ending on entanglement branes. We also comment on the BPS microstate counting of the entanglement entropy. Finally we relate the nonlocal aspects of our factorization map to analogous phenomenon recently found in JT gravity.
The classical double copy for half-maximal supergravities and T-duality
Authors: Angus Stephen , Cho Kyoungho , Lee Kanghoon
Published: October 2021

Abstract

We study the classical double copy for ungauged half-maximal supergravities using the Kaluza-Klein reduction of double field theory (DFT). We construct a general formula for the Kaluza-Klein (KK) reduction of the DFT Kerr-Schild ansatz. The KK reduction of the ansatz is highly nonlinear, but the associated equations of motion are linear. This linear structure implies that half-maximal supergravities admit a classical double copy. We show that their single copy is given by a pair of Maxwell-scalar theories, which are the KK reduction of a higher-dimensional single copy of DFT. We also investigate their T-duality transformations — both the Buscher rule and continuous O(D, D) rotations. Applying the Buscher rule to the Kerr BH, we obtain a solution with a nontrivial Kalb-Ramond field and dilaton. We also identify the single copy of Sen’s heterotic BH and the chiral null model and show that the chiral null model is self-dual under T-duality rotations.
Black hole entropy sourced by string winding condensate
Authors: Brustein Ram , Zigdon Yoav
Published: October 2021

Abstract

We calculate the entropy of an asymptotically Schwarzschild black hole, using an effective field theory of winding modes in type II string theory. In Euclidean signature, the geometry of the black hole contains a thermal cycle which shrinks towards the horizon. The light excitations thus include, in addition to the metric and the dilaton, also the winding modes around this cycle. The winding modes condense in the near-horizon region and source the geometry of the thermal cycle. Using the effective field theory action and standard thermodynamic relations, we show that the entropy, which is also sourced by the winding modes condensate, is exactly equal to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the black hole. We then discuss some properties of the winding mode condensate and end with an application of our method to an asymptotically linear-dilaton black hole.
First-generation new physics in simplified models: from low-energy parity violation to the LHC
Authors: Crivellin Andreas , Hoferichter Martin , Kirk Matthew , Manzari Claudio Andrea , Schnell Luc
Published: October 2021

Abstract

New-physics (NP) constraints on first-generation quark-lepton interactions are particularly interesting given the large number of complementary processes and observables that have been measured. Recently, first hints for such NP effects have been observed as an apparent deficit in first-row CKM unitarity, known as the Cabibbo angle anomaly, and the CMS excess in$$ q\overline{q} $$qq¯→ e+e−. Since the same NP would inevitably enter in searches for low-energy parity violation, such as atomic parity violation, parity-violating electron scattering, and coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering, as well as electroweak precision observables, a combined analysis is required to assess the viability of potential NP interpretations. In this article we investigate the interplay between LHC searches, the Cabibbo angle anomaly, electroweak precision observables, and low-energy parity violation by studying all simplified models that give rise to tree-level effects related to interactions between first-generation quarks and leptons. Matching these models onto Standard Model effective field theory, we derive master formulae in terms of the respective Wilson coefficients, perform a complete phenomenological analysis of all available constraints, point out how parity violation can in the future be used to disentangle different NP scenarios, and project the constraints achievable with forthcoming experiments.
Accuracy and Prognostic Role of NCCT-ASPECTS Depend on Time from Acute Stroke Symptom-onset for both Human and Machine-learning Based Evaluation
Authors: Potreck A. , Weyland C. S. , Seker F. , Neuberger U. , Herweh C. , Hoffmann A. , Nagel S. , Bendszus M. , Mutke M. A.
Published: October 2021

Purpose

We hypothesize that the detectability of early ischemic changes on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) is limited in hyperacute stroke for both human and machine-learning based evaluation. In short onset-time-to-imaging (OTI), the CT angiography collateral status may identify fast stroke progressors better than early ischemic changes quantified by ASPECTS.

Methods

In this retrospective, monocenter study, CT angiography collaterals (Tan score) and ASPECTS on acute and follow-up NCCT were evaluated by two raters. Additionally, a machine-learning algorithm evaluated the ASPECTS scale on the NCCT (e-ASPECTS). In this study 136 patients from 03/2015 to 12/2019 with occlusion of the main segment of the middle cerebral artery, with a defined symptom-onset-time and successful mechanical thrombectomy (MT) (modified treatment in cerebral infarction score mTICI = 2c or 3) were evaluated.

Results

Agreement between acute and follow-up ASPECTS were found to depend on OTI for both human (Intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.43 for OTI < 100 min, ICC = 0.57 for OTI 100–200 min, ICC = 0.81 for OTI ≥ 200 min) and machine-learning based ASPECTS evaluation (ICC = 0.24 for OTI < 100 min, ICC = 0.61 for OTI 100–200 min, ICC = 0.63 for OTI ≥ 200 min). The same applied to the interrater reliability. Collaterals were predictors of a favorable clinical outcome especially in hyperacute stroke with OTI < 100 min (collaterals: OR = 5.67 CI = 2.38–17.8, p < 0.001; ASPECTS: OR = 1.44, CI = 0.91–2.65, p = 0.15) while ASPECTS was in prolonged OTI ≥ 200 min (collaterals OR = 4.21,CI = 1.36–21.9, p = 0.03; ASPECTS: OR = 2.85, CI = 1.46–7.46, p = 0.01).

Conclusion

The accuracy and reliability of NCCT-ASPECTS are time dependent for both human and machine-learning based evaluation, indicating reduced detectability of fast stroke progressors by NCCT. In hyperacute stroke, collateral status from CT-angiography may help for a better prognosis on clinical outcome and explain the occurrence of futile recanalization.
Der Weg zu Routinedaten aus 16 Notaufnahmen für die sektorenübergreifende Versorgungsforschung
Authors: Fischer-Rosinský Antje , Slagman Anna , King Ryan , Zimmermann Grit , Drepper Johannes , Brammen Dominik , Lüpkes Christian , Reinhold Thomas , Roll Stephanie , Keil Thomas , Möckel Martin , Greiner Felix ,   INDEED-Projekt, Behringer Wilhelm , Bernhard Michael , Blaschke Sabine , Busch Hans-Jörg , Erdmann Bernadett , Flasch Bernhard , Gries André , Höger-Schmidt Heike , Schöpke Timo , Schwarz Constanze , Somasundaram Rajan , Weidmann Erik , Wolfrum Sebastian , Wrede Christian
Published: October 2021

Hintergrund

In Deutschland gibt es bisher keine Gesundheitsberichterstattung zu sektorenübergreifenden Versorgungsverläufen im Kontext einer Notaufnahmeversorgung. Das Projekt INDEED (Inanspruchnahme und sektorenübergreifende Versorgungsmuster von Patienten in Notfallversorgungsstrukturen in Deutschland) erhebt Routinedaten aus 16 Notaufnahmen, die mit ambulanten Abrechnungsdaten der Jahre 2014 bis 2017 personenbezogen zusammengeführt werden.

Ziel der Arbeit

Die methodischen Herausforderungen der Planung der internen Zusammenführung von klinischen und administrativen Routinedaten aus Notaufnahmen in Deutschland bis zur finalen Datenextraktion werden hier gemeinsam mit Lösungsansätzen dargestellt.

Methodik

Die Auswahl der Notaufnahmedaten erfolgte in einem iterativen Prozess unter Berücksichtigung der Forschungsfragen, medizinischen Relevanz und angenommenen Datenverfügbarkeit. Nach einer Vorbereitungsphase zur Klärung der Rahmenbedingungen (u. a. Datenschutz, Ethik), zur Prüfung von Testdaten und ggf. Korrekturen, erfolgte die verschlüsselte und pseudonyme Datenausleitung.

Ergebnisse

Die Daten der 16 kooperierenden Notaufnahmen stammten in der Regel aus dem Notaufnahme- und dem Krankenhausinformationssystem. Die Datenlage war sehr heterogen. Nicht alle Variablen waren in jeder Notaufnahme verfügbar, da sie beispielsweise nicht standardisiert und digital vorlagen oder der Extraktionsaufwand als zu hoch bewertet wurde.

Schlussfolgerung

Relevante Daten aus Notaufnahmen liegen unterschiedlich strukturiert und in mehreren IT-Systemen vor. Die notwendige Bildung eines klinikübergreifenden vergleichbaren Datensatzes erfordert erhebliche Ressourcen auf Seiten der Kliniken sowie der datenaufbereitenden Stelle. Dies muss für zukünftige Projekte großzügig kalkuliert werden.
RDE research and development in Poland
Authors: Wolański P.
Published: October 2021

A very short survey of research conducted in Poland on the development of the rotating detonation engine (RDE) is presented. Initial studies conducted in cooperation with Japanese partners lead to development of a joint patent on RDE. Then, an intensive basic and applied research was started at the Institute of Heat Engineering of the Warsaw University of Technology. One of the first achievements was the demonstration of performance of the rocket engine with an aerospike nozzle utilizing continuously rotating detonation (CRD), and research was directed into development of a small turbofan engine utilizing such a combustion regime. These activities promoted international cooperation and stimulated RDE development not only in Poland but also in other countries. A research directed to measure and calculate flow parameters as well as to analyze the use of liquid fuels was conducted. In the Institute of Aviation in Warsaw, research on the application of the CRD to turbine engines as well as rocket, ramjet, and combined cycle engines was carried out. In the paper, a special emphasis is given to international cooperation in this area with partners from many countries engaged in the development of the pressure gain combustion to propulsion systems.
Der (un)eingeschlagene Pfad
Authors: Portmann Edy
Published: October 2021

In einer ersten, durch den Physiker Freeman Dyson inspirierten „Common-Sense“ Kolumne vergleicht der Wirtschaftsinformatiker Edy Portmann die Geschichte von Analog- mit der von Digitalcomputer und fordert abschließend, mit einem gewagten Blick in die Zukunft, sein Schicksal als humanistischer Prophet heraus.
Diurnal cycle of precipitation and near-surface atmospheric conditions over the maritime continent: land–sea contrast and impacts of ambient winds in cloud-permitting simulations
Authors: Wei Yuntao , Pu Zhaoxia
Published: October 2021

A set of cloud-permitting-scale numerical simulations during January–February 2018 is used to examine the diurnal cycle (DC) of precipitation and near-surface variables (e.g., 2 m temperature, 10 m wind and convergence) over the Indo-Pacific Maritime Continent under the impacts of shore-orthogonal ambient winds (SOAWs). It is found that the DC of these variables and their variabilities of daily maxima, minima, and diurnal amplitudes vary over land, sea, and coastal regions. Among all variables, the DC of precipitation has the highest linear correlation with near-surface convergence (near-surface temperature) over coastal (noncoastal) regions. The correlations among the DCs of precipitation, wind, and heating are greater over the ocean than over land. Sine curves can model accurately the DCs of most variables over the ocean, but not over land. SOAWs act to influence the DC mainly by affecting the diurnal amplitude of the considered variables, with DC being stronger under more strengthened offshore SOAWs, though variable dependence and regional variability exist. Composite analysis over Sumatra reveals that under weak SOAWs, shallow clouds are dominant and cause a pre-moistening effect, supporting shallow-to-deep convection transition. A sea breeze circulation (SBC) with return flow aloft can develop rapidly. Cold pools are better able to trigger new updrafts and contribute to the upscale growth and inland migration of deep convection. In addition, warm gravity waves can propagate upward throughout the troposphere, thereby supporting a strong DC. In contrast, under strong SOAWs, both shallow and middle-high clouds prevail and persist throughout the day. The evolution of moistening and SBC is reduced, leading to weak variation in vertical motion and rainwater confined to the boundary layer. Large-scale winds, moisture, and convection are discussed to interpret how strong SOAWs affect the DC of Sumatra.
Lessons learned from catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with a fully magnetically levitated left ventricular assist device
Authors: Bergau Leonard , Sommer Philipp , Hamriti Mustapha El , Morshuis Michel , Guckel Denise , Schramm René , Rojas Sebastian V. , Imnadze Guram , Gummert Jan F. , Sohns Christian , Fox Henrik
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Data on catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) are scarce in patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) and current evidence predominantly consists of case reports with outdated LVAD. This prospective observational study reports our experience in terms of catheter ablation of VAs in patients with novel 3rd generation LVADs.

Methods and results

Between 2018 and 2020, nine consecutive patients undergoing a total number of ten ablation procedures for VAs were analyzed. The mean duration between LVAD implantation and catheter ablation was 23 ± 16 months. Acute procedural success was achieved in all patients. VA substrates were not related to the LVAD scarring (cannula) site in the majority of patients. All procedures were conducted without any relevant procedure-related complications. In terms of follow-up, only one patient presented with a repeat episode of electrical storm requiring ICD-shocks 16 months after the initial ablation procedure. Four patients suffered of singular VA effectively treated with antitachycardia pacing via their ICD. The remainder were free of any VA relapse (n = 4). Two non-procedure-related deaths occurred during follow-up.

Conclusions

Catheter ablation of VAs in patients with 3rd generation LVAD is feasible and leads to satisfying clinical results in terms of freedom from VA recurrence and quality of life. The majority of arrhythmia substrates in these patients are not directly related to the LVAD cannulation site and may represent a progress of heart failure.

Graphic abstract
Patients’ attitude towards a sham-controlled trial on pulmonary vein isolation in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Uhe Tobias , Beimel Samira , Langhammer Romy , Stegmann Tina , Hindricks Gerhard , Laufs Ulrich , Dagres Nikolaos , Wachter Rolf
Published: October 2021

Background

The interpretation of recent trials on pulmonary vein ablation (PVI) for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) is hampered by the lack of blinding and sham controls. The feasibility of a sham-controlled trial has been questioned. We aimed to assess the attitude of potential participants regarding a sham-controlled trial in a common AF-patient population planned for PVI.

Methods

Patients in two tertiary care centres planned for PVI were asked for their current AF symptoms using the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on QualiTy of Life (AFEQT) questionnaire 1 day before catheter ablation. Subsequently, the study design of a hypothetical sham-controlled PVI-study was introduced, and patients were asked for their agreement in participation. Telephone follow-up of the AFEQT questionnaire was conducted 3 months after PVI.

Results

One hundred and ninety-six patients (mean age 64 ± 11 years, 63% male) were included. Seventy-nine (40%) patients expressed their agreement to participate in the hypothetical sham-controlled trial. An additional 7% agreed to participate if a cross-over option after three months was offered. Agreement rate was similar in patients with first and Redo-PVI and minimal, moderate or severe symptoms. Mean overall AFEQT at baseline was 55 ± 19 and improved by 25 ± 20 points after 3 months (p < 0.001 versus baseline).

Conclusion

With a participation rate of 40% in potential study participants, a sham-controlled trial for pulmonary vein isolation seems feasible. Patient-reported symptom relief after pulmonary vein isolation is in accordance with previous randomized open studies. The benefit of PVI should be rigorously evaluated in a sham-controlled trial.

Graphic abstract
Clinico-pathological correlation of lacrimal caruncle tumors: a retrospective analysis over 22 years at the University Eye Hospital Bonn
Authors: Clemens A. C. , Loeffler K. U. , Holz F. G. , Herwig-Carl M. C.
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The lacrimal caruncle is composed of numerous structures including different glands as well as hair follicles. Accordingly, the spectrum of benign and malignant lesions is broad, and the clinical diagnosis is often challenging. Here we systematically analyzed excised caruncular tumors over the past 22 years with special emphasis on the clinico-pathological correlation to provide a guidance for clinicians.

Methods

Retrospective evaluation with clinico-pathologic correlation of surgically removed caruncular tumors between 1998 and 2020 at a tertiary referral center.

Results

Eighty-two caruncular tumors were identified in the respective period. The patients were between 11 and 85 years of age (mean, 46.8 years; median, 49 years). Nevi (n = 35), cystic lesions (n = 14), oncocytoma (n = 9), papilloma (n = 8), sebaceous gland hyperplasia (n = 8), and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (n = 4) were observed most frequently. Besides, we are the first reporting herniated orbital fat accompanied by a pyogenic granuloma. 2.4% (n = 2) were malignant tumors (sebaceous gland carcinoma, conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia with pyogenic granuloma).

Conclusion

Caruncular tumors show a broad spectrum of mostly benign tumors. They can occur in patients of any age. However, 8/9 oncocytomas and both malignant lesions were detected in patients older than 60 years. Although the clinical diagnosis was confirmed in only 68.3% by the histopathological analysis, the two malignant lesions were identified as such already clinically. Caruncular lesions with a history of growth or other signs of malignancy should be excised followed by detailed histopathological examination to allow a final diagnosis and exclude rare malignant tumors with lethal potential.
The population genetics characteristics of a 90 locus panel of microhaplotypes
Authors: Pakstis Andrew J. , Gandotra Neeru , Speed William C. , Murtha Michael , Scharfe Curt , Kidd Kenneth K.
Published: October 2021

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small genomic regions with multiple SNPs (microhaplotypes, MHs) are rapidly emerging as novel forensic investigative tools to assist in individual identification, kinship analyses, ancestry inference, and deconvolution of DNA mixtures. Here, we analyzed information for 90 microhaplotype loci in 4009 individuals from 79 world populations in 6 major biogeographic regions. The study included multiplex microhaplotype sequencing (mMHseq) data analyzed for 524 individuals from 16 populations and genotype data for 3485 individuals from 63 populations curated from public repositories. Analyses of the 79 populations revealed excellent characteristics for this 90-plex MH panel for various forensic applications achieving an overall average effective number of allele values (Ae) of 4.55 (range 1.04–19.27) for individualization and mixture deconvolution. Population-specific random match probabilities ranged from a low of 10–115 to a maximum of 10–66. Mean informativeness (In) for ancestry inference was 0.355 (range 0.117–0.883). 65 novel SNPs were detected in 39 of the MHs using mMHseq. Of the 3018 different microhaplotype alleles identified, 1337 occurred at frequencies > 5% in at least one of the populations studied. The 90-plex MH panel enables effective differentiation of population groupings for major biogeographic regions as well as delineation of distinct subgroupings within regions. Open-source, web-based software is available to support validation of this technology for forensic case work analysis and to tailor MH analysis for specific geographical regions.
The relationship between quotas and harvest in the alpine reindeer population on Hardangervidda, Norway
Authors: Mysterud Atle , Viljugrein Hildegunn , Lund Jan Henning L’Abée , Lund Svein Erik , Rolandsen Christer M. , Strand Olav
Published: October 2021

Hunting of cervids is commonly regulated by quotas that are specific to sex and age groups. There is substantial cultural variation in how quotas are regulated. In Scandinavia, the entire quotas are often not shot making deer management potentially less predictable. However, the effect of quota size and demographic composition on harvest offtake by recreational hunters has, to a limited extent, been empirically investigated in Scandinavia. Hunters are limited by time and opportunity and may not respond to changes in quota, as anticipated by managers. We analysed the variation in the proportion of quotas filled depending on quota size relative to population size and demographic composition of quotas during the period of 1986–2019 involving a population size varying from approximately 5000 to 15,000 reindeer on Hardangervidda, Norway. We found that the proportion of quota being filled by hunters varied substantially (12–48%) on an annual basis. The quota occasionally exceeded the estimated population size, but the proportion of the quota filled increased the higher the population size was relative to the quota size. The proportion of quota being filled by hunters was markedly lower for calf licences. High annual variation in the proportion of quota being filled by hunters causes considerable implementation uncertainty when managers aim to regulate cervid populations. Nevertheless, there was a strong correlation between quota size and harvest size. Facing new management requirements, a harvest rate of ~ 47% of the adult male population size was achieved in 2019, compared to an average of 16%. Hence, managers compensated for the low proportion of quota being filled by increasing quotas to reach target harvesting aims, but there remains a limit as to how precisely such a wide-ranging reindeer population can be regulated using recreational hunters.
Impact of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic on the Hungarian university students’ social and health behaviour
Authors: Csépe Péter , Dinya Elek , Balázs Péter , Hosseini Shahrokh Mirza , Küzdy Gábor , Rosivall László
Published: October 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic brought quick, severe and unexpected changes to our everyday life and also changed the traditional education pattern of Semmelweis University in the middle of academic year 2019–2020. We explored adaptive changes in Hungarian students’ behaviour and their time-budget in order to determine whether quarantine and/or fear of infection were responsible for these changes.

Methods

A self-administered online questionnaire was distributed to all students in the Hungarian language program (N = 7436) of Semmelweis University. Information was collected on basic demographic data, knowledge and attitude about COVID-19, methods of prevention as well as the students’ behaviour before, during and after the first wave of the pandemic. Statistical analyses were processed using the IBM-SPSS 25.0 software package.

Results

The overall response rate was 11% (N = 816). Only complete responses were processed (55%, N = 447). Among these responders, 83% did not fear the pandemic. Those who greatly feared COVID-19 infection strictly kept all regulations. The number of non-smokers increased by the end of the first wave. The nutrition of 100 students (21%) became healthier and the lockdown reduced the level of physical activity.

Conclusion

Social and health-related behaviour of medical students changed basically during the first wave of the pandemic and some changes remained after it in tobacco smoking, nutrition and sleeping habits. Time-budget of students changed significantly during the pandemic and did not return to the baseline values. Results of this study justify future multiple systematic research to analyse and better understand the short- and long-term effects of the current crisis.
Appearance-Related Partner Preferences and Body Image in a German Sample of Homosexual and Heterosexual Women and Men
Authors: Cordes Martin , Vocks Silja , Hartmann Andrea S.
Published: October 2021

There is evidence that gender as well as sexual orientation can affect body image. In particular, heterosexual women and homosexual men seem to be more vulnerable to a negative body image compared to homosexual women and heterosexual men. One reason for this may be derived from the fact that heterosexual women and homosexual men try to attract male romantic partners: As men place more importance on physical attractiveness than do women, the pressure to fulfill the sociocultural beauty ideal is thus increased. The present online study investigated differences in appearance-related partner preferences and their associations with measures of body image and eating pathology in homosexual and heterosexual women and men. The non-representative sample consisted of 893 participants (n = 201 lesbian women,n = 192 gay men,n = 349 heterosexual women, andn = 151 heterosexual men), who completed silhouette measures assessing their perception and expectations regarding body fat and muscularity of their own body and the body of a potential romantic partner, as well as questionnaires on drive for thinness, drive for muscularity, and eating pathology. Overall, few differences in appearance-related partner preferences emerged between the four groups. However, compared to heterosexual women, homosexual men appeared to prefer higher muscularity in potential romantic partners, which was also associated with increased drive for thinness and muscularity and increased eating pathology. The present findings indicate that, irrespective of sexual orientation, women and men tend to share similar standards regarding their own and a potential partner’s physical appearance, potentially suggesting an increased hegemony of heteronormative beauty ideals in women and men in general.
Implementation of zero or near-zero fluoroscopy catheter ablation for idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia originating from the aortic sinus cusp
Authors: Styczkiewicz Katarzyna , Ludwik Bartosz , Styczkiewicz Marek , Śledź Janusz , Gorski Małgorzata , Stec Sebastian
Published: October 2021

Complete elimination of fluoroscopy during radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (IVAs) originating from the aortic sinus cusp (ASC) is challenging. The aim was to assess the feasibility, safety and a learning curve for a zero-fluoroscopy (ZF) approach in centers using near-zero fluoroscopy (NOX) approach in IVA-ASC. Between 2012 and 2018, we retrospectively enrolled 104 IVA-ASC patients referred for ZF RFA or NOX using a 3-dimensional electroanatomic (3D-EAM) system (Ensite, Velocity, Abbott, USA). Acute, short and long-term outcomes and learning curve for the ZF were evaluated. ZF was completed in 62 of 75 cases (83%) and NOX in 32 of 32 cases (100%). In 13 cases ZF was changed to NOX. No significant differences were found in success rates between ZF and NOX, no major complications were noted. The median procedure and fluoroscopy times were 65.0 [45–81] and 0.0 [0–5] min respectively, being shorter for ZF than for NOX. With growing experience, the preference for ZF significantly increased—43% (23/54) in 2012–2016 vs 98% (52/53) in 2017–2018, with a simultaneous reduction in the procedure time. ZF ablation can be completed in almost all patients with IVA-ASC by operators with previous experience in the NOX approach, and after appropriate training, it was a preferred ablation technique. The ZF approach for IVA-ASC guided by 3D-EAM has a similar feasibility, safety, and effectiveness to the NOX approach.
Long-term variations in ocean acidification indices in the Northwest Pacific from 1993 to 2018
Authors: Ishizu Miho , Miyazawa Yasumasa , Guo Xinyu
Published: October 2021

Long-term variations in ocean acidification indices in the Northwest Pacific were examined using observational data and a biogeochemical model with an operational ocean model product for the period 1993–2018. The model and observational data for the surface ocean (< 100-m depth) exhibit consistent patterns of ocean acidification in the subtropical and Kuroshio Extension regions and relative alkalinization (i.e., reduced acidification) in the subarctic region of the Northwest Pacific. Below 100-m depth, acidification dominated in the subtropical regions and alkalinization in the subarctic regions. We attribute the excess acidification in the subtropical and Kuroshio regions to the vertical mixing of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) exceeding the DIC release by air–sea exchange. These regional differences in acidification and alkalinization are attributed to spatially variable biological processes in the upper ocean and horizontal and vertical physical redistribution of DIC. Our model and observational results have implications for the spatial extent and pattern of ocean acidification, along with the strength of the ocean carbon sink, which are key aspects of global climate change.
Simulation study of the Lower Cretaceous geothermal reservoir for aquifer thermal energy storage
Authors: Hałaj Elżbieta , Pająk Leszek , Papiernik Bartosz
Published: October 2021

The aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) has gained attention in several countries as an installation for increasing the energy efficiency of geothermal systems and the use of waste heat. The Lower Cretaceous reservoir is known as one of the most prospective for geothermal purposes in Poland. However, in the southern part of the Mogilno–Łódź Trough (Central Poland) is considered to have a lower geothermal potential. The aim of this paper is to study whether the Lower Cretaceous reservoir in this area is suitable for aquifer thermal energy storage. Prior to dynamic simulations in Feflow© software, a regional Petrel© static parametric model which includes a multidisciplinary approach was prepared. A methodology of fitting Petrel’s structural and parametrical model to Feflow requirements is provided within this paper. The performance simulation of 4 systems has been conducted for 30 years. Increasing precipitation potential is expected for aragonite and calcite along with a temperature increase, while silica precipitation carries a much smaller risk. The paper presents potential for ATES systems in the Lower Cretaceous reservoir of the study area with the best doublet location having thermal recovery ratio of 0.47 and 0.34 for 30 and 40 K temperature differential scenario. An imbalance in heat injection/production in the storage system can cause the reservoir to cool faster than in conventional geothermal heating installation. ATES can provide a successful geothermal reservoir boosting in the case of applying a balanced injection of waste heat.
Relationships Between Emotion Regulation, Social Communication and Repetitive Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Martínez-González Agustín E. , Cervin Matti , Piqueras Jose A.
Published: October 2021

The relationship between emotion regulation, social interaction and different types of restricted and repetitive behaviors is poorly understood. In the present study, structural equation modeling based on information about 239 individuals with autism was used to examine whether emotion regulation and social communication were associated with self-injury and stereotyped behaviors. Results showed that poor emotion regulation had a unique association with self-injury while difficulties with social communication was uniquely associated with stereotyped behaviors. Emotion regulation and social communication were strongly associated and self-injury and stereotyped behaviors moderately associated. This implies that these types of behaviors are often expressions of broader negative emotional states in autism. Treatments that help improve coping and social communication strategies may benefit individuals with autism.