bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periodic Solutions of an Indefinite Singular Equation Arising from the Kepler Problem
on the Sphere
Authors: Hakl Robert , Zamora Manuel
Published: December 2016

We study a second-order ordinary differential equation coming from the Kepler problem on . The forcing term under consideration is a piecewise constant with singular nonlinearity that changes sign. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions to the existence and multiplicity of T-periodic solutions.
Is Exposure to Animal Feces Harmful to Child Nutrition and Health Outcomes? A Multicountry Observational Analysis
Authors: Headey Derek , Nguyen Phuong , Kim Sunny , Rawat Rahul , Ruel Marie , Menon Purnima
Published: December 2016

It has recently been hypothesized that exposure to livestock constitutes a significant risk factor for diarrhea and environmental enteric disorder in young children, which may significantly contribute to undernutrition. To date, though, very little research has documented the extent of exposure to animal feces and whether this exposure is associated with child anthropometry in large samples and diverse settings. This study investigates these issues using data from the Alive and Thrive study conducted in rural areas of Ethiopia, Bangladesh, and Vietnam. These surveys used spot-checks to collect data on proxies of hygiene behaviors such as the cleanliness of mothers, young children, and the homestead environment, including the presence of animal feces. Animal feces were visible in 38–42% of household compounds across the three countries and were positively associated with household livestock ownership and negatively associated with maternal and child cleanliness. One-sided tests from multivariate least squares models for children 6–24 months of age indicate that the presence of animal feces is significantly and negatively associated with child height-for-age z scores in Ethiopia (β = −0.22), Bangladesh (β = −0.13), and in a pooled sample (β = −0.11), but not in Vietnam. There is also suggestive evidence that animal feces may be positively associated with diarrhea symptoms in Bangladesh. The results in this article, therefore, contribute to a growing body of evidence suggesting that animal ownership may pose a significant risk to child nutrition and health outcomes in developing countries.
Surveillance at Private Laboratories Identifies Small Outbreaks of Hepatitis E in Urban Bangladesh
Authors: Sazzad Hossain M. S. , Labrique Alain B. , Teo Chong-Gee , Luby Stephen P. , Gurley Emily S.
Published: December 2016

Although large outbreaks of hepatitis E are regularly identified in south Asia, the majority of south Asian countries lack surveillance systems for this disease, which has hindered burden of disease estimates and prioritization of resources for prevention. Our study aimed to identify small hepatitis E outbreaks through a sentinel private laboratory in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We identified patients with detectable IgM antibody against hepatitis E virus. We defined a small outbreak as at least two laboratory-confirmed cases or ≥ 2 acute jaundice cases from the sentinel cases' family, neighborhood, or workplace. From November 2008 to November 2009, we identified 29 small outbreaks of hepatitis E from one private laboratory. The median number of cases in each outbreak was three. Cases were identified every month. Eighteen outbreaks occurred among families or neighbors, and 11 in the workplace. Among 103 cases identified as part of outbreaks, 31 (30%) sought care for diagnosis. In Bangladesh, collaboration between government public health surveillance and private laboratories can strengthen capacity for outbreak detection and improve estimates of disease burden.
Evaluation of the GeneXpert for Human Monkeypox Diagnosis
Authors: Li Daniel , Wilkins Kimberly , McCollum Andrea M. , Osadebe Lynda , Kabamba Joelle , Nguete Beatrice , Likafi Toutou , Balilo Marcel Pie , Lushima Robert Shongo , Malekani Jean , Damon Inger K. , Vickery Michael C. L. , Pukuta Elisabeth , Nkawa Frida , Karhemere Stomy , Tamfum Jean-Jacques Muyembe , Okitolonda Emile Wemakoy , Li Yu , Reynolds Mary G.
Published: December 2016

Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a zoonotic orthopoxvirus (OPX), is endemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Currently, diagnostic assays for human monkeypox (MPX) focus on real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, which are typically performed in sophisticated laboratory settings. Herein, we evaluated the accuracy and utility of a multiplex MPX assay using the GeneXpert platform, a portable rapid diagnostic device that may serve as a point-of-care test to diagnose infections in endemic areas. The multiplex MPX/OPX assay includes a MPX-specific PCR test, OPX-generic PCR test, and an internal control PCR test. In total, 164 diagnostic specimens (50 crusts and 114 vesicular swabs) were collected from suspected MPX cases in Tshuapa Province, DRC, under national surveillance guidelines. The specimens were tested with the GeneXpert MPX/OPX assay and an OPX PCR assay at the Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale (INRB) in Kinshasa. Aliquots of each specimen were tested in parallel with a MPX-specific PCR assay at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The results of the MPX PCR were used as the gold standard for all analyses. The GeneXpert MPX/OPX assay performed at INRB had a sensitivity of 98.8% and specificity of 100%. The GeneXpert assay performed well with both crust and vesicle samples. The GeneXpert MPX/OPX test incorporates a simple methodology that performs well in both laboratory and field conditions, suggesting its viability as a diagnostic platform that may expand and expedite current MPX detection capabilities.
JGME-ALiEM Hot Topics in Medical Education: Analysis of a Multimodal Online Discussion About Team-Based Learning
Authors: Riddell Jeff , Patocka Catherine , Lin Michelle , Sherbino Jonathan
Published: December 2016

Background 

Team-based learning (TBL) is an instructional method that is being increasingly incorporated in health professions education, although use in graduate medical education (GME) has been more limited.

Objective 

To curate and describe themes that emerged from a virtual journal club discussion about TBL in GME, held across multiple digital platforms, while also evaluating the use of social media in online academic discussions.

Methods 

The Journal of Graduate Medical Education (JGME) and the Academic Life in Emergency Medicine blog facilitated a weeklong, open-access, virtual journal club on the 2015 JGME article “Use of Team-Based Learning Pedagogy for Internal Medicine Ambulatory Resident Teaching.” Using 4 stimulus questions (hosted on a blog as a starting framework), we facilitated discussions via the blog, Twitter, and Google Hangouts on Air platforms. We evaluated 2-week web analytics and performed a thematic analysis of the discussion.

Results 

The virtual journal club reached a large international audience as exemplified by the blog page garnering 685 page views from 241 cities in 42 countries. Our thematic analysis identified 4 domains relevant to TBL in GME: (1) the benefits and barriers to TBL; (2) the design of teams; (3) the role of assessment and peer evaluation; and (4) crowdsourced TBL resources.

Conclusions 

The virtual journal club provided a novel forum across multiple social media platforms, engaging authors, content experts, and the health professions education community in a discussion about the importance, impediments to implementation, available resources, and logistics of adopting TBL in GME.
Estrategias de fidelización y orientación al mercado
Authors: Gonzalez Ingrid Eliana Orlandini
Published: December 2016

Las estrategias de fidelización usadas en el marco de la orientación al mercado son importantes para lograr ventajas competitivas y crear el valor del cliente, en los últimos años los negocios de farmacias en la ciudad de Sucre han crecido bastante por lo que surge la pregunta de investigación:  ¿Qué estrategias de fidelización de clientes usan los negocios de farmacias? El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las principales estrategias de fidelización que usan las farmacias, el documento inicia con una exposición de los fundamentos teóricos del tema y cierra con la descripción de las estrategias de fidelización que son aplicadas por los negocios estudiados.
Neuromarketing: un acercamiento sobre su influencia en las decisiones de compra
Authors: Juan Carlos Poveda Velasco
Published: December 2016

El reporte tiene como objetivo identificar como las decisiones de compra son influenciadas por el neuromarketing además de hacer una relación de las condiciones que esta actividad propone en el campo del marketing. Se aborda un tema de actualidad que si bien no es nuevo, está vigente en diferentes espacios de discusión científica, académica y empresarial. El paradigma del Marketing sigue siendo el del Marketing Relacional, pero se puede percibir el rápido avance que actualmente presenta. El comportamiento del consumidor relacionado con las decisiones de compra es de especial interés para las empresas, sobre todo por la finitud de los compradores, lo que hace que exista una gran competencia por ocupar un lugar privilegiado en las preferencias de los consumidores. El neuromarketing es una técnica que busca mejorar el conocimiento de las preferencias y sus motivadores. Para el logro del objetivo la metodología fue exploratoria a partir de fuentes secundarias de publicaciones en español realizadas en el google académico en el periodo 2012 – 2016. Los resultados indican que el neuromarketing permite identificar, conocer y pronosticar las conductas que influyen en los comportamientos de las personas al momento de tomar una decisión de compra.
Antarctic ozone depletion between 1960 and 1980 in observations and chemistry–climate model simulations
Authors: Langematz Ulrike , Schmidt Franziska , Kunze Markus , Bodeker Gregory E. , Braesicke Peter
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The year 1980 has often been used as a benchmark for the return of Antarctic ozone to conditions assumed to be unaffected by emissions of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), implying that anthropogenic ozone depletion in Antarctica started around 1980. Here, the extent of anthropogenically driven Antarctic ozone depletion prior to 1980 is examined using output from transient chemistry–climate model (CCM) simulations from 1960 to 2000 with prescribed changes of ozone-depleting substance concentrations in conjunction with observations. A regression model is used to attribute CCM modelled and observed changes in Antarctic total column ozone to halogen-driven chemistry prior to 1980. Wintertime Antarctic ozone is strongly affected by dynamical processes that vary in amplitude from year to year and from model to model. However, when the dynamical and chemical impacts on ozone are separated, all models consistently show a long-term, halogen-induced negative trend in Antarctic ozone from 1960 to 1980. The anthropogenically driven ozone loss from 1960 to 1980 ranges between 26.4 ± 3.4 and 49.8 ± 6.2 % of the total anthropogenic ozone depletion from 1960 to 2000. An even stronger ozone decline of 56.4 ± 6.8 % was estimated from ozone observations. This analysis of the observations and simulations from 17 CCMs clarifies that while the return of Antarctic ozone to 1980 values remains a valid milestone, achieving that milestone is not indicative of full recovery of the Antarctic ozone layer from the effects of ODSs.
Let Your Last Footprint be a Green One
Authors: Rumble Hannah Jane
Published: December 2016

This short essay is about the British Natural Burial Movement and the appeal it holds for the bereaved and those who choose to be buried in such sites.
ATIVIDADE DE ESTUDO: UMA POSSIBILIDADE DE ALTERAÇÃO DA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA
Authors: Rosa Santana Maria Silvia
Published: December 2016

Neste artigo defendemos a tese de que o estudo teórico, mediado nas discussões entre os pares e na análise de situações práticas do cotidiano escolar, promove uma atuação docente mais consciente, no que se refere aos objetivos do ensino e às práticas que os materializam. Apresentamos a análise dos dados coletados por meio da pesquisa-ação desenvolvida junto a uma professora do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, visando propor a efetivação da categoria de atividade conforme preconizada pela abordagem Histórico-Cultural. Os resultados apontam para o desenvolvimento de uma disposição psicológica amplamente favorável ao estudo teórico e à alteração da prática pedagógica, e para o surgimento do germe da Educação Desenvolvente nos alunos e na professora que participaram da Atividade de Estudo.
Comprehensive Income Presentation According to IAS 1 in Italy and in the United Kingdom: A Comparison of Preparers’ Opinions
Authors: Falzago Barbara , De Cristofaro Tiziana
Published: December 2016

Studies investigating the reasons behind corporate choices on the format of their Comprehensive Income Statement (CIS) have so far relied on research tools other than surveys and interviews, neglecting direct analysis. Our aim was to investigate the reasons behind CIS format preferences in European countries with different accounting cultures; therefore, we researched Italian and British listed companies offering non-financial services and the reasons for their preferences using a survey-based approach. Our findings show that: (i) preparers deem the Comprehensive Income a performance measure mainly useful to ‘financial’ stakeholders; (ii) the two-statement format and its stability prevail; (iii) the main reasons driving format choices are easy reading and interest in Profit and Loss (P/L) if the preference is for two statements, and simplicity for readers and preparers in the case of one statement; (iv) Other Comprehensive Income related reasons are the least important for format choices; (v) while British preparers focus on their interest in P/L (two statements) or easy reading (one statement) as the ‘bottom line’ determining their choice, Italian preparers focus on easy reading only in case of one statement, while also deeming important their interest in P/L in case of two statements; (vi) British preparers emphasize the easy preparation of financial statements more than their Italian counterparts. Hence, despite some differences, the two countries are aligned in considering reader-oriented reasons in their format choice. This means that, contrary to what could be reasonably expected, different accounting cultures can choose the same CIS format because of the same reasons.
Control and Raising in Persian Language: A Comparative Approach
Authors: Mohammadbagheri Samira
Published: December 2016

This paper provides a comparative analysis of PRO in Persian and English.  How control structure in Persian differs from control structure in English is described in this paper in detail. Analyzing the kinds of verbs making this structure, a list of these verbs is presented.  Then, according to the Landau (2004) and Hornstein and Boeckx (2003), a comparison between Control and Raising in Persian and English is made.
State and Revolution: Reflections from South African Institutions of Higher Learning
Authors: Musitha Mavhungu Elias
Published: December 2016

Democratic states should use democratic principles namely engagement, negotiation, discussion, persuasion and participation to resolve challenges in societies. This is in contrast to colonial and apartheid states which used police, army, imprisonment, exile or banishment from the country against blacks who demanded democratic rights. This study investigates whether democratic South Africa embraces democratic principles highlighted above to deal with its domestic problems or is merely an extension of colonial and apartheid states in addressing challenges it faces. The study makes use of literature to answer the question. This is a qualitative study. The study found that democratic South Africa uses the same undemocratic instruments as evidenced by its handling of the #FeesMustFall campaign.  #FeesMustFall leaders and students are being shot at, arrested, and imprisoned in the same jails built and used by the apartheid state, stun grenades are being thrown at them and tear gas sprayed at them. The conclusion of this study is that by implementing similar instruments of maintaining security there is no difference between the means used by oppressive colonial and apartheid governments of the past and those used by democratic SA today.
MODELOS DE REGRESSÃO APLICADOS PARA PREDIÇÃO DAS PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS DAS MISTURAS DO BIODIESEL DE SEBO BOVINO COM O DIESEL
Authors: Pimentel Cavalcanti Luiz Antonio
Published: December 2016

O biodiesel (B100) trata-se de uma mistura de líquidos não-associados, composta de mono-ésteres alquílicos de ácidos graxos (EAAG) de cadeia longa oriundos de biomassas de diversas origens. As propriedades fluidodinâmicas dos combustíveis, viscosidade e densidade, afetam o desempenho do motor e influenciam nas suas propriedades físicas. A Resolução ANP n° 45/2014 estipula valores máximos para viscosidade e densidade do biodiesel e suas misturas com o diesel (misturas BX) em 3,0 a 6,0cSt e 850,0 a 900,0 kg/m3, respectivamente. O sebo bovino é uma biomassa de baixo custo, constituída de alto teor de ácidos graxos saturados (60 a 70%). A Composição do B100 de sebo bovino (B100-Sb) em EAAG foi de 4,1% (C14:0), 26,0% de (C16:0), 27,2% de (C18:0), 42,7% de (C18:1). As misturas BX, com frações volumétricas 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50% foram preparadas em base gravimétrica. Os Combustíveis comportaram-se como fluidos newtonianos na faixa de temperatura estudada. A viscosidade e a densidade dos B100-Sb e suas misturas BX foram obtidas por meio de reômetro Brookfield e densímetro digital Anton-Paar. As faixas de viscosidade absoluta e densidade encontradas para misturas BX foram de 2,2 a 5,9 mPa.s e 806,1 a 851,7 kg/m3. Os modelos preditivos desenvolvidos tiveram como base o modelo para misturas de Grunberg-Nissan. O Algoritmo foi implementado no Software Matlab. Os modelos desenvolvidos representam com significância os dados experimentais, pois fornecem valores com desvios padrões nas faixas de 1,0.10-2 a 4,9 % e 3,0.10-2 a 4,3%, para viscosidade e densidade, respectivamente.
Percepção subjetiva de saúde de idosos residentes em instituições de longa permanência
Authors: Tomicki Camila , Lini Ezequiel Vitório , Picoli Nayam Rafaela de Freitas , Cecchin Luana , Portella Marilene Rodrigues
Published: December 2016

A população idosa cresce vertiginosamen¬te e a demanda por serviços especializa¬dos para esse público também aumenta, o que torna importante o conhecimento acerca de como esse segmento percebe sua saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a percepção subjetiva da saúde de idosos institucionalizados. Utilizou-se um questionário desenvolvido pelos pesquisadores, com questões objetivas de única escolha, referentes às condições sociodemográficas, clínicas e de autopercepção de saúde. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em instituições de longa permanência para idosos localizadas em um município da região norte do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Realizou-se análise descritiva e inferencial. Na associação entre as variáveis, utilizaram-se os testes Qui-Quadrado de Pearson ou Teste T de Student, em um nível de significância de 5%. Participaram do estudo trinta pessoas com idades ≥ 60 anos; 63,3% do sexo feminino e média de idade de 76,2 anos. Em relação à percepção subjetiva da saúde, 53,3% consideraram sua saúde como muito boa/boa. Variáveis como idade avançada, presença de comorbidades, polifarmácia e histórico de quedas não demonstraram associação com a autopercepção de saúde. Apesar da elevada presença de doenças e suas complicações, não foi possível afirmar que esses fatores afetaram a percepção subjetiva de saúde dos idosos.
Qualidade da dieta entre idosos com arranjo familiar diferenciado na região do Vale do Sinos, Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Flores Francine Da Rocha , Wieck Flavia Porto , Piccoli João Carlos , Weber Maria Helena
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste estudo descritivo, de corte transversal, é comparar a qualidade da dieta de idosos que residem sozinhos com idosos que residem na companhia de algum familiar. Os participantes eram frequentadores de grupos de convivência de terceira idade, de uma população de 431 idosos, com idade entre 60 e 79 anos. Foi selecionado o número total daqueles que residiam sozinhos, 136 indivíduos, mais os 136 primeiros da lista de amostragem, que residiam na companhia de algum familiar, resultando em uma amostra composta por 272 idosos. Como instrumento, utilizou¬-se o índice de alimentação saudável (IAS) além de medidas antropométricas e um questionário sociodemográfico. A idade média obtida foi 70,7 anos (± 5,3), com 94,1% do sexo feminino. Dentre o total da amostra de idosos, a média do índice de massa corporal foi de 29,3 kg/m² (± 4,3), classificados, assim, como sobrepeso. O escore total do IAS encontrado no grupo de idosos que residem sozinhos foi 78,5 pontos (± 11,8) e os idosos que residem com familiar obtiveram 77,5 pontos (± 16,2), indicando necessidade de melhoria na dieta para ambos. Os achados revela¬ram que não houve diferença estatística da qualidade da dieta de idosos que residem sozinhos quando comparados com aqueles que residiam com a família.
Análise da produção científica no Brasil sobre envelhecimento e quedas
Authors: De Almeida Rebeca Fernanda Ferraz , Reis Luciana Araújo dos
Published: December 2016

O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a produção científica no Brasil sobre envelhecimento e quedas. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática qualitativa, na qual foram incluídos artigos escritos em português publicados no período de 2011 a 2015. Foram analisadas dezessete publicações que trataram dos temas mais abordados sobre a relação entre quedas e envelhecimento. Mediante a análise de conteúdo de Bardin, emergiram três temas de análise: fatores intrínsecos de risco para quedas, fatores extrínsecos de risco para quedas e intervenção preventiva: contribuições para a saúde dos idosos. Evidenciou-se, ainda, diante da análise do conhecimento produzido por outros autores, que a queda é um fator determinante para o declínio da saúde da população e que há uma interligação frequente entre os fatores de risco tanto intrínsecos como extrínsecos.
Using Communicative Games in Improving Students’ Speaking Skills
Authors: Dewi Ratna Sari , Kultsum Ummi , Armadi Ari
Published: December 2016

The aims of the study are to know whether communicative games have an impact on teaching speaking skill and describe how communicative games give an influence on speaking skills of students at junior high schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. Classroom Action Research (CAR) was implemented based on Kurt. L model. The procedures used were planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. It was done into two cycles in each cycle consisted of three meetings. The researcher used collaborative action research with some of the English teachers. In collecting the data, the instruments were interview, observation, questionnaire and test. The test only given to students. The rest of the instruments administered for both teachers and students. The result of the study showed the mean score’s pretest reached of 60.42 to 69.02 and post test’s score reached up to 78.77. It is important to describe that there is a significant improvement of 13.9% to 41.7% in post test 1 and 83.33% in post test 2. Therefore, the criteria of success had been determined. It is crucial to note that communicative games have contributed a positive impact on teaching learning process. This also implies the communicative games expected to enhance students’ enthusiasm and motivation. Clearly, It gives positive improvement on students’ active participation, confidence and their fluency in speaking skill. In short it can be described that the strategy of teaching and learning creates good, enjoyable circumstances and reduces the boredom and stress of learning process.
Imagined Institutions: The Symbolic Power of Formal Rules in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Basta Karlo
Published: December 2016

Through a detailed examination of institutional discourses in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina, this article demonstrates that formal political institutions may play a more layered role than is allowed by existing theories of nationalist and ethnic conflict. Competing institutional preferences of Bosniak, Serb, and Croat elites are not simply instruments for the achievement of collective or individual goals. They are symbolically salient expressions of collective identity as well. For Bosniak elites, the stated preference for a non-ethnicized territorial framework and majoritarian central government suggest the vision of a multiethnic, but not institutionally multinational,Bosnianpolitical community. Their Serb and Croat counterparts, by contrast, insist on the continued “ethnicization” of the territorial architecture and the central government apparatus. These preferences express an understanding of Bosnia as a state of three discrete political communities. Any attempts at comprehensive institutional reform must thus reckon with the opposing and deeply embedded visions of institutions-as-symbols. The theoretical implications of this work go well beyond the Bosnian case.
REVISANDO E APROXIMANDO ORIENTAÇÃO EMPREENDEDORA E MOBILIDADE EMPRESARIAL
Authors: Martens Cristina Dai Prá , Belfort Ana Claudia , Freitas Henrique Mello Rodrigues de
Published: December 2016

Diversos autores vêm salientando a preocupação das organizações com a adoção de estratégias corporativas orientadas ao empreendedorismo, projetando luzes para como aspectos do ambiente podem influencia-la. Uma de suas possíveis extensões, a associada às tecnologias de informação móveis (TIMs), contudo, parece ainda hoje inexplorada pela literatura. Este artigo, de natureza teórico-conceitual, insere-se justamente neste contexto. Adotando como base as cinco dimensões da orientação empreendedora (OE) – inovatividade, proatividade, assunção a riscos, autonomia e agressividade competitiva –, este artigo busca identificar as relações conceituais entre OE e a mobilidade empresarial, decorrente do uso de TIMs. Desenvolveu-se um estudo exploratório de abordagem teórico-conceitual, baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica. Como resultado obteve-se um quadro que apresenta reflexões acerca de possíveis efeitos da mobilidade sobre as dimensões da OE. Adicionalmente, são sintetizados os elementos da OE que podem ser utilizados como base para a realização de estudos empíricos, bem como são feitas proposições de pesquisas.
PERSONALISMO POLÍTICO E COMPORTAMENTO ELEITORAL DA POPULAÇÃO BRASILEIRA NA PERSPECTIVA DO MODELO DE REPRESENTAÇÃO DESCRITIVA: ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA ENTRE PERFIL DEMOGRÁFICO E SOCIOECONÔMICO DA POPULAÇÃO EM RELAÇÃO AO DOS REPRESENTANTES ELEITOS PARA AS ASSEM
Authors: Horta CláudiaJúlia Guimarães , Dufloth Simone Cristina , Freitas Diego Roger Ramos
Published: December 2016

O trabalho investiga a existência de relação entre as características dos representantes eleitos nas assembleias legislativas estaduais e o perfil demográfico e socioeconômico da população em idade de votar nos estados brasileiros. O estudo analisa comparativamente a evolução do perfil dos representantes eleitos no que se refere às suas características gerais, ou seja, sexo, idade, nível de escolaridade e ocupação no período de 1998 a 2014, em relação às características gerais da população no que diz respeito à idade, sexo, nível escolaridade e nível de renda. Conclui-se que determinados traços do perfil da população em idade de votar repercutem no perfil dos representantes eleitos para as assembleias legislativas. Entretanto, isso não se dá de modo uniforme em todas as regiões e estados brasileiros para as demais características, de forma que o modelo de representação descritiva não se configura fidedigno podendo envolver também características de outros modelos. 
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE DESAPRENDIZAGEM E O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE COMPETÊNCIAS INDIVIDUAIS NA IMPLANTAÇÃO DE UM SISTEMA DE GESTÃO DA QUALIDADE
Authors: Rodrigues Henrique Geraldo , Brunstein Janette
Published: December 2016

Apesar da crescente atenção que o conceito de desaprendizagem tem recebido nos estudos em administração e organizações, há poucas evidências empíricas sobre a relação entre este fenômeno e a aquisição de novas aprendizagens. Assim, por meio de um estudo qualitativo básico, objetivou-se analisar o desenvolvimento de novas competências individuais por um grupo de supervisores de uma organização industrial, a partir de um evento catalisador da desaprendizagem, qual seja a implantação de um sistema de gestão da qualidade. Os resultados mostram que a situação de desaprendizagem propiciou a criação de um contexto favorável à adoção de uma postura crítica e de questionamento por parte dos sujeitos, levando-os a novas formulações sobre o significado do trabalho executado e, assim, ao desenvolvimento e emprego de novos atributos de competência. Os resultados implicam o entendimento de que a desaprendizagem individual mostra-se como um elemento facilitador da adoção de uma atitude de reflexão e da alteração de compreensões previamente assimiladas, ao contrário das abordagens que a concebem como um processo de abandono ou esquecimento de aprendizados. Assim, o fenômeno ganha sentido não como o oposto da aprendizagem, mas como um elemento integrado à relação dinâmica existente entre a aprendizagem e a aquisição de novas competências, especialmente nas situações em que há baixa prontidão das pessoas para a aquisição de novos aprendizados.
Geossistemas do Semiárido Brasileiro: Considerações Iniciais
Authors: Cavalcanti Lucas Costa de Souza
Published: December 2016

O conhecimento integrado das paisagens do semiárido brasileiro encontra abrigo na literatura geográfica pelo menos desde o início do século 20. Contudo, há necessidade de precisar os limites das unidades e ampliar a informação acerca da organização natural das paisagens. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar aspectos da estrutura dos geossistemas do semiárido brasileiro. Para tanto, foi confeccionada uma carta de paisagens utilizando ferramentas de geoprocessamento e trabalhos de campo. Os resultados foram correlacionados com propostas já existentes e modelos taxonômicos nacionais e internacionais. Ficou evidente a necessidade de levantamentos sistemáticos dos limites dos geossistemas transicionais e de enclaves, bem como o acréscimo de informações dos geossistemas locais.
Processo de ocupação dos Cariris Velhos – PB e efeitos na cobertura vegetal: contribuição à Biogeografia Cultural do semiárido
Authors: Souza Bartolomeu Israel , Souza Ramon Santos
Published: December 2016

A caatinga é uma formação vegetal que tem sido alterada de forma mais intensa a partir do período de colonização europeia no Brasil. O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar como esse processo vem ocorrendo ao longo do tempo na região dos Cariris Velhos da Paraíba (Brasil) e quais as consequências resultantes. A metodologia utilizada foi baseada na análise de documentos históricos, trabalhos de campo e imagens de satélite, identificando as principais mudanças ocorridas até a fase atual. Os resultados encontrados indicam a ocorrência de transformações profundas na vegetação nativa, principalmente a partir da expansão do cultivo do algodão e da pecuária na região, com a caatinga diminuindo ao longo do tempo, tanto em quantidade como em diversidade, estabelecendo a criação de diversas áreas desertificadas, além de parte da vegetação nativa ter sido substituída por espécies exóticas, onde se destaca a algaroba (Prosopis juliflora) nas várzeas dos rios, existindo atualmente apenas poucos remanescentes mais preservados. 
Glaciambulata neumayeri gen. et sp. nov., a new Antarctic trachymedusa (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with a revision of the family Ptychogastriidae
Authors: Galea Horia R. , Roder Cornelia , Walcher Christoph , Warmuth Marco , Kohlberg Eberhard , Fischer Philipp F.
Published: December 2016

A new genus and species of sympagic trachymedusa, Glaciambulata neumayeri gen. et sp. nov., are described based on material from Antarctica. Its generic features are compared to those of its relatives, Ptychogastria Allman, 1878 and Tesserogastria Beyer, 1959, and a review of the family Ptychogastriidae Mayer, 1910, based on literature data, is provided. From this, it results that the poorly-known Pectis antarctica Haeckel, 1879, formerly assigned to Ptychogastria by a number of authors, displays all characters of the contemporary rhopalonematid genus Voragonema Naumov, 1971. It is additionally demonstrated that V. laciniata Bouillon et al., 2001 is coterminous with P. antarctica, a finding that clarifies, 137 years later, the morphology and the taxonomic status of Haeckel’s medusa. In accordance with the Principle of Priority, Pectis is recognized as the valid name of the genus, and Voragonema is assigned to its synonymy. Similarly so, the specific name introduced by Haeckel has priority over laciniata.
La vulgarisation scientifique au Planétarium de Montréal
Authors: Lacombe Mireille
Published: December 2016

Cet article retrace l’histoire du Planétarium Dow de Montréal, en mettant l’accent sur la vulgarisation scientifique qui s’y pratique. À son ouverture en 1966, les activités visent d’abord un public adulte et portent surtout sur la conquête spatiale. Le planétarium travaille alors conjointement avec les astronomes amateurs et participe à la fondation de l’Association des planétariums canadiens. Après 1971, le planétarium se tourne graduellement vers les publics scolaires et diversifie ses spectacles. Dans les années 1980, les thèmes des spectacles changent, alors que le planétarium engage des astronomes diplômés. Dans les années 1990, la création du regroupement des Muséums Nature Montréal joue un rôle crucial dans le développement de l’institution, notamment avec la création de la Société des astronomes amateurs du Planétarium de Montréal et la promotion du loisir scientifique destiné aux jeunes. Au tournant du siècle, faisant face à des équipements désuets, le planétarium mise sur la diversification de ses types d’activités et offre de plus en plus d’activités hors de ses murs.
August Kirschmann and the Material Culture of Colour in Toronto’s Early Psychological Laboratory
Authors: Weidenhammer Erich
Published: December 2016

Between 1893 and 1908, the German-born psychologist August Kirschmann (1860- 1932) led the University of Toronto’s newly founded psychological laboratory. Trained by the founder of experimental psychology, Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) Kirschmann was among an early generation of psychologists who helped to establish new laboratories across Europe and North America. Kirschmann’s main area of study was colour perception—a vital field during a period in which the technology of colour and illumination was advancing rapidly. This paper explores Kirschmann’s contribution through the material culture of his research in Toronto—especially instruments based on the technology of disc mixture. It discusses the exchange of experimental technology between Germany, where commercial manufacture of laboratory instruments was underway, and Toronto. It also explores Kirschmann’s technological contribution to his field. It cites, where possible, surviving objects and materials.
Walking the Line – The International Origins of Civil Aviation Regulation in Canada
Authors: Seyer Sean
Published: December 2016

This paper explores how international considerations shaped the Air Regulations of 1920, the first regulation of civil aviation in Canada. After the First World War Allied representatives drafted the Convention Relating to the Regulation of Aerial Navigation to both constrain the revolutionary potential of heavier-than-air flight and foster international civil aviation. The Borden government considered aviation regulation a domestic matter rather than an imperial one and recognized that Canada’s geographic position necessitated regulatory coordination with the United States. In response, it crafted a postwar aeronautical policy that allowed for regulatory compatibility with the convention, facilitated cross-border flight with the United States, and promoted a more independent foreign policy. Thus Canada’s postwar regulation of the airplane represents an important element in its larger twentieth-century realignment away from Great Britain and towards the United States.
Los orígenes biológicos y los derechos de hijos e hijas: filiación y derecho a saber | Biological Origins and the Rights of Children: Parentage and the Right to Know
Authors: Sánchez Martínez María Olga
Published: December 2016

RESUMEN. Este trabajo tiene el propósito principal de estudiar cómo las nuevas formas de acceder a la paternidad y maternidad, a través de las técnicas de reproducción asistida con donación de gametos o embriones, afectan a algunos derechos de los hijos e hijas. En concreto, serán analizados los derechos de filiación paterna y materna y el derecho a conocer los orígenes biológicos. Para ello, será central tomar en consideración el deber que pesa sobre los poderes públicos de asegurar la protección integral de los hijos y posibilitar la investigación de la paternidad, junto con el deber de los padres de prestar asistencia de todo orden a sus hijos. La igualdad de todos los hijos ante la ley, con independencia de su filiación, llevará a comprobar las diferencias entre las personas nacidas mediante reproducción asistida, las nacidas por reproducción natural y las adoptadas, y a valorar si tales diferencias pueden seguir siendo justificadas.   ABSTRACT. This work has the main purpose of studying how new ways of access to parenthood, through assisted reproductive technologies with donation of gametes or embryos, affect some rights of the children. Specifically, there will be analyzed the children´s right to both a mother and a father and the right to know their biological origins. To do so, it will be central to take into consideration the duty of public authorities to ensure the comprehensive protection of children and enable the investigation of paternity, together with the duty of parents to provide assistance of all kinds to their children. The equality of all children before the law will lead to testing the differences between those born through assisted reproduction, those born by natural reproduction and the adopted ones, and to assess if such differences may continue being justified
¿Un nuevo paradigma para la igualdad? La vulnerabilidad entre condición humana y situación de indefensión | A new paradigm for equality? Vulnerability as human condition and as a state of defencelessness
Authors: Morondo Taramundi Dolores
Published: December 2016

Resumen: En los últimos años ha cobrado relevancia académica en el ámbito de los derechos humanos, un debate sobre la propuesta de la estudiosa estadounidense Martha Albertson Fineman de entender la vulnerabilidad como una condición humana universal, innata y constante. Esta nueva conceptualización de la vulnerabilidad se ha presentado como la base teórica de un paradigma alternativo a la teoría liberal del Estado y de los derechos. El presente trabajo analiza algunos puntos críticos de este nuevo paradigma en su relación con la idea de igualdad, especialmente en la medida en que se presenta como una nueva formulación de la idea de igualdad sustantiva, capaz de transcender las limitaciones que se señalan a la noción liberal de igualdad formal y al derecho antidiscriminatorio construido sobre esa noción. Abstract: The proposal advanced by US theorist Martha Albertson Fineman for reconceptualising the notion of vulnerability as a human condition, universal, inherent and constant, has acquired growing academic moment in the field of human rights. This new conceptualisation has been presented as the theoretical foundation for a new political and legal paradigm, alternative to liberal theory. This essay assesses some critical points in this new paradigm in its relation with the idea of equality, especially inasmuch as vulnerability appears as a new formula for substantive equality, capable of transcending the limitations of the liberal notion of formal equality and the antidiscrimination law that is founded thereupon.
¿Vulnerabilidad vs. Subordiscriminación? Una mirada crítica a la expansión de la vulnerabilidad en detrimento de la perspectiva sistémica | Martha A. Fineman and legal equality: Vulnerability vs. Subordiscrimination?
Authors: Barrère Unzueta Mª Ángeles Maggy
Published: December 2016

RESUMEN. En este artículo se analiza (y cuestiona) la tesis de la vulnerabilidad de la jurista estadounidense Martha A. Fineman. El trabajo se estructura en cinco apartados en los que el paradigma de Fineman es sucesivamente contextualizado, proyectado sobre la jurisprudencia del TEDH y comparado con otras contribuciones críticas al Derecho antidiscriminatorio. El trabajo finaliza con una breve conclusión en la que, aun reconociendo la validez del diagnóstico y la loable finalidad que mueve la teoría de Fineman, pone en duda la virtualidad de la misma como inspiración de un nuevo y necesario concepto de igualdad jurídica.  ABSTRACT. This article analyzes (and argues) the American legal scholar Martha A. Fineman’s thesis about vulnerability. It is divided into five sections in which Fineman’s paradigm is successively contextualized, projected to the ECtHR cases on vulnerability and compared with other critical contributions to Antidiscrimination Law. It ends with a brief conclusion that, while recognizing the validity of the diagnosis and the laudable purpose that moves Fineman’s theory, it is critical about taking it as inspiration for a new and necessary concept of legal equality.
When discourse met null subjects
Authors: Jimenez-Fernandez Angel
Published: December 2016

In this paper a novel view of the distribution of null subjects in Spanish is explored in which the discourse category which the antecedent of pro is analysed. Implementing Frascarelli’s (2007) work, I propose that the crucial condition to meet is for the null subject to be coreferential with an Aboutness-Shift Topic, which must be either an explicit or null copy in the local domain where pro is inserted. When null, this antecedent can refer back to any type of discourse category. The analysis is supported by an experiment run among native speakers of Spanish.
Erfaringer fra lærings- og mestringskurs for foreldre til premature barn
Authors: Cheetham Nina Bøhle , Hanssen Tove Aminda
Published: December 2016

Experiences with parent education for parents of premature childrenThe Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and the Learning and mastery center (LMS)/UNN has since 2004 offered parent education on topics as interaction, play, communication and feeding challenges as well as exchange of experience. The aim of this study is to systemize and analyze feedback from parents who have attended the courses. The study has a descriptive design. The selection are course attenders at LMS courses from 2006–2012. An evaluation survey was distributed through Quest back. Data were analyzed through SPSS. Open answers were analyzed through content analysis. A total of 56 persons participated. The majority (86%) reported satisfaction with the themes and 46% reported change in lifestyle. Meeting other parents was reported as useful. Some wished for an increased focus on topics like transition to school and daycare and on future challenges. Some suggested parent education as standard follow up. Parent education seems to meet expectations and the adjustments of the courses seem to have been successful. Feedback from parents suggests a need for more follow up.
Når faller eldre? En kvantitativ undersøkelse bygd på data fra SOS Internasjonale Trygghetssentral
Authors: Ottesen Anneli , Gylløw Kjersti , Ytrehus Siri
Published: December 2016

When do the elderly fall? A quantitative study based on data from the SOS Security Alarm CentreFalls are a strain for the elderly and expensive for society. The purpose of this study is to gain knowledge about the extent and variations in falls among home-dwelling elderly throughout the day, the week and the seasons for men and women and different age groups. Data about falls are collected from “SOS International Trygghetssentralen” in connection with safety alarm activation and response All responses to falls in January, February, June and July 2013 in Oslo to persons 76 years and older with a safety alarm is studied, total 1548 falls. Most falls were registered on Mondays and during the winter months. As much as 36 percent of all fallen happens at night between 23 pm and 8 am. This result differs from other studies. The cause of this is unknown. There is a great need for research on the causes of the high incidence falls at night.
Erfaringer med å være pårørende når en nærstående er døende
Authors: Solvoll Betty-Ann
Published: December 2016

Relatives’ experiences during the dying process of a loved one The purpose of this essay is to explore the relatives’ experiences of being with their loved ones during the dying process. Research question: How do relatives experience being with their loved ones during the dying process? Within a phenomenological hermeneutical framework the personal experiences of the author are interpreted. Essay as a method of critical investigation is used. Relatives may experience the situation strongly existential, being stuck in dilemmas, thus making them less responsive to the actions of the nurses. This challenges nurses to be aware and to put efforts in trying to understand the other and develop their ability to be sensitive and receptive. Whoever is silent, will hear. Being attentive to silence may be a useful approach in order to being emotionally present to the other.
Strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in [Co/Pt]n ultrathin superlattices
Authors: Liu Yi , Qiu Jinjun , Lim Sze Ter , Toh Suey Li , Zhu Zhengyong , Han Guchang , Zhu Kaigui
Published: December 2016

Ultrathin [Co/Pt]
n
superlattice films consisting of 0.18–0.60-nm-thick Co and Pt sublayers were deposited by sputtering. A large in-plane saturation field (H
s) of ∼39 kOe and a very large effective perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (K
eff) with a magnitude of 107 erg/cm3 were attained. The highest K
eff was ∼1.40 × 107 erg/cm3. These films are promising candidates for the reference layer of the p-MgO magnetic tunnel junction in Gb-scale magnetic random-access memory.
Music in Informal and formal learning situations in ECEC
Authors: Sæther Morten
Published: December 2016

The aim of this article is, through theory, research and practical experiences, to discuss how informal teaching and learning situations exemplified by activities including music plays a part in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC). The theoretical frame in this article is based on perspectives on informal teaching and learning in music and in general (Green 2002, 2008; Henze, 2009; Folkestad, 2006; Mak, 2007). The tradition in Norwegian ECEC centers has been based on informal learning processes mainly through social interaction, play, dialogs, aesthetical and outdoor activities in everyday life. ECEC teachers challenged to articulate Informal teaching and learning as professional educators. In light of that statement it is introduced, theoretical perspectives and studies of professions (Abbott, 1988; Grimen, 2008; Heggen, 2008; Polanyi, 2002). The author describes and discusses opportunities of music in ECEC centers and how music can contribute learning in informal learning situations. The discussion refers narrative episodes from observations of ECEC practice. Methodology is based on thematic analysis inspired of  Riessman (2008) and Polkinghorne (1995).