bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standar Penerapan Wisata Halal Bagi Pelaku Industri Pariwisata di Kota Bandung
Authors: Bernik Merita , R Indika Deru , Komala Dewi Rita
Published: August 2019

Bandung is one of the halal tourist destinations in Indonesia. With the increasingly rapid growth of cafes and  restaurants, the competition is getting tougher. One of the highlights is whether the cafÃ© and restaurant are halal certified. This becomes very important because Indonesia is one of the largest Islamic countries in the World. It is proper if halal is the main concern. The business people do not understand and realize the importance of fulfilling the halal standard set by the government. So through this community service will be carried out socialization regarding required halal tourism.

 

The method used in this study is the Deplat Pastisipatif which is conducting activities in the form of providing counseling and guidance on halal tourism and halal standardization on SMEs in the culinary sector in the city of Bandung, especially the Jatinangor region.

 

Counseling was carried out by inviting from the tourism , youth and  sport agency and also the MUI. Culinary business begin to understand halal standardization and the importance of having halal certification. There is still a need for assistance to be able to implement halal tourism properly.
An Analytical Study on Harry Markowitz Portfolio Construction of Selected Industries
Authors: V.N. Vishweswarsastry , Mathew Binoy
Published: August 2019

Risk and return are two faces of the same coin, Investments made by the investors are certain whereas the returns expected are uncertain when measured known as risk. The primary objective of the paper is to study the risk and return measures available for decision making, secondly to apply the techniques of beta and standard deviation for analyzing the risk and expected return for analyzing the return and to construct an optimal portfolio by applying Harry Markowitz portfolio construction technique. The Methodology applied is analytical and descriptive and application of Harry Markowitz portfolio Risk and Return techniques for the construction of an optimal portfolio.
Research-Track Residency Programs in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Mittwede Peter N. , Morales-Restrepo Alejandro , Fourman Mitchell S. , Fu Freddie H. , Lee Joon Y. , Ahn Jaimo , Egol Kenneth A. , Hogan MaCalus V.
Published: August 2019

Background:

The importance of research in resident education has been emphasized in the orthopaedic surgery community, and a number of residency programs have incorporated a year or more of protected research time into their training. However, limited information exists as to what programs are looking for in applicants to research-track residency programs or the perceived benefits of completing such a program.

Methods:

We identified orthopaedic surgery programs that have tracks involving at least 1 year of protected research time and sent surveys to their program directors and to the 2012 through 2016 research-track graduates.

Results:

Twenty-three programs with research tracks were identified, and 19 program directors (83%) responded to the survey. The survey revealed that only 2 (11%) of these program directors were willing to accept lower scores and grades among applicants to their research track compared with their primary clinical (categorical) track. While most of the program directors (14 [74%]) preferred that applicants have an interest in academics, only a few (3 [16%]) considered it a failure if their research-track residents did not pursue academic careers. We obtained the e-mail addresses of 82 research-track graduates, and 66 (80%) responded to the survey. The survey revealed that those who went into academic careers were more likely than those who went into private practice to view completing a research track as beneficial for fellowship (73% versus 35%, respectively) and job (73% versus 22%, respectively) applications, believed that the income lost from the additional year of residency would be compensated for by opportunities gained from the research year (50% versus 17%, respectively), and said that they would pursue a research-track residency if they had to do it over again (81% versus 39%, respectively; all p values <0.05).

Conclusions:

The majority of program directors preferred that applicants to their research-track program have an interest in academics, although most did not consider it a failure if their research-track residents entered nonacademic careers. Graduates of research-track residency programs who entered academics more frequently viewed the completion of a research track as being beneficial compared with those who went into private practice.
Open Reduction and Tunneled Suspensory Device Fixation of Displaced Lateral-End Clavicular Fractures
Authors: Robinson C. Michael , Bell Katrina R. , Murray Iain R.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Fractures of the lateral aspect of the clavicle with complete displacement have a high nonunion rate and are associated with poor functional outcomes following nonoperative treatment. Various techniques are available to treat these fractures, but preliminary studies of open reduction and tunneled suspensory device (ORTSD) fixation have shown good early functional outcomes with a low rate of complications; our goal was to assess the functional outcomes and complications in the medium term in a larger series of patients treated using this technique.

Methods:

Sixty-seven patients with displaced lateral-end clavicular fractures were treated with ORTSD fixation. Outcome was assessed with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and the Oxford shoulder score at 6 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Fifty-five of 64 surviving patients were subsequently contacted at a mean of 69 months (range, 27 to 120 months) postoperatively to complete DASH and Oxford shoulder scores, to evaluate their overall level of satisfaction, and to document any further complications.

Results:

At 1 year postoperatively, the mean Oxford shoulder score was 46.4 points and the mean DASH score was 2.4 points in 59 of the 67 patients assessed at this time interval. At the later follow-up (mean, 69 months), the mean Oxford shoulder score was 46.5 points and the mean DASH score was 2.2 points in the 55 surviving patients who were able to be contacted. There were no significant differences between the 1-year functional scores and those at the latest follow-up. Two patients developed a symptomatic nonunion requiring reoperation, and 2 patients developed an asymptomatic fibrous union not requiring a surgical procedure. The 5-year survival when considering only obligatory revision for implant-related complications was 97.0%.

Conclusions:

ORTSD fixation for isolated displaced lateral-end clavicular fractures in medically fit patients is associated with good functional outcomes and a low rate of complications in the medium term. Routine implant removal was not necessary.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Omitting Routine Radiography of Traumatic Distal Radial Fractures After Initial 2-Week Follow-up Does Not Affect Outcomes
Authors: van Gerven P. , El Moumni M. , Zuidema W.P. , Rubinstein S.M. , Krijnen P. , van Tulder M.W. , Schipper I.B. , Termaat M.F. ,   on behalf of the Warrior-Trial Study Group
Published: August 2019

Background:

Routine radiography in the follow-up of distal radial fractures is common practice, although its usefulness is disputed. The aim of this study was to determine whether the number of radiographs in the follow-up period can be reduced without resulting in worse patient outcomes.

Methods:

In this multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial with a non-inferiority design, patients ≥18 years old with a distal radial fracture could participate. They were randomized between a regimen with routine radiographs at 6 and 12 weeks of follow-up (usual care) and a regimen without routine radiographs at those time points (reduced imaging). Randomization was performed using an online registration and randomization program. The primary outcome was the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score. Secondary outcomes included the Patient-Rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation (PRWHE) score, health-related quality of life, pain, and complications. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year of follow-up. Data were analyzed using mixed models. Neither the patients nor the health-care providers were blinded.

Results:

Three hundred and eighty-six patients were randomized, and 326 of them were ultimately included in the analysis. The DASH scores were comparable between the usual-care group (n = 166) and the reduced-imaging group (n = 160) at all time points as well as overall. The adjusted regression coefficient for the DASH scores was 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.8 to 4.8). There was also no difference between the groups with respect to the overall PRWHE score (adjusted regression coefficient, 1.4 [95% CI = −2.4 to 5.2]), quality of life as measured with the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) (−0.02 [95% CI = −0.05 to 0.01]), pain at rest as measured with a visual analog scale (VAS) (0.1 [95% CI = −0.2 to 0.5]), or pain when moving (0.3 [95% CI = −0.1 to 0.8]). The complication rate was similar in the reduced imaging group (11.3%) and the usual-care group (11.4%). Fewer radiographs were made for the participants in the reduced-imaging group (median, 3 versus 4; p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

This study shows that omitting routine radiography after the initial 2 weeks of follow-up for patients with a distal radial fracture does not affect patient-reported outcomes or the risk of complications compared with usual care.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Bone Health Optimization: Beyond Own the Bone
Authors: Anderson Paul A. , Jeray Kyle J. , Lane Joseph M. , Binkley Neil C.
Published: August 2019

Worldwide, osteoporosis management is in crisis because of inadequate delivery of care, competing guidelines, and confusing recommendations. Additionally, patients are not readily accepting the diagnosis of poor bone health and often are noncompliant with treatment recommendations. Secondary fracture prevention, through a program such as Own the Bone, has improved the diagnosis and medical management after a fragility fracture. In patients who undergo elective orthopaedic procedures, osteoporosis is common and adversely affects outcomes. Bone health optimization is the process of bone status assessment, identification and correction of metabolic deficits, and initiation of treatment, when appropriate, for skeletal structural deficits. The principles of bone health optimization are similar to those of secondary fracture prevention and can be initiated by all orthopaedic surgeons. Patients who are ≥50 years of age should be assessed for osteoporosis risk and, if they are in a high-risk group, bone density should be measured. All patients should be counseled to consume adequate vitamin D and calcium and to discontinue use of any toxins (e.g., tobacco products and excessive alcohol consumption). Patients who meet the criteria for pharmaceutical therapy for osteoporosis should consider delaying surgery for a minimum of 3 months, if feasible, and begin medication treatment. Orthopaedic surgeons need to assume a greater role in the care of bone health for our patients.
Lateral Trochlear Ridge
Authors: Matache Bogdan A. , Culliton Kathryn , Chang Youjin , Cron Greg O. , Louati Hakim , Pollock J W.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Coronal shear fractures of the distal aspect of the humerus that involve the capitellum and the trochlea are rare; nevertheless, they are difficult to treat because of the complex fracture patterns and osteochondral nature of the fragments, limiting optimal screw placement. The use of anterior-to-posterior screw fixation by a lag technique (without countersinking) could potentially improve the strength of the construct. Our primary research question was to anatomically determine if there is a non-articulating zone for screw placement along the anterior aspect of the lateral trochlear ridge (aLTR) throughout normal elbow range of motion.

Methods:

Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric elbows were used. The region of interest was defined with 3 polymeric pins inserted in the inferior, middle, and superior-most aspects of the aLTR of each elbow, with use of an extensor digitorum communis (EDC) split approach. The elbows were then mounted on a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible compression frame and subjected to high-resolution 7-T MRI at 90°, 120°, and 145° of flexion (positions of potential impingement), and at neutral and maximal pronation and maximal supination for each position of flexion. Portions of the aLTR that had free adjacent space were identified using the sagittal and coronal scans. This non-articulating region was identified as the “non-articulating zone” (NAZ).

Results:

The NAZ was found to encompass the proximal 38.2% (range, 30.2% to 48.9%) of the aLTR, measuring, on average, 5.2 mm in width. It was consistently located either directly adjacent to the apex of the ridge or just medial to it. The distal 61.8% of the aLTR articulated with either the ulna or the radial head in some of the elbows.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that there is a portion of the aLTR that, despite being covered with articular cartilage, is non-articulating throughout normal elbow range of motion.

Clinical Relevance:

In situations in which headless anterior-to-posterior and posterior-to-anterior screw insertion results in inadequate fixation of capitellar-trochlear fractures, anterior-to-posterior lag screw instrumentation along the non-articulating portion of the aLTR may provide a location for additional fixation in some patients. However, because of variation between patients, each case must be individualized.
Influencia de los factores sociales y estructurales en el uso de anticonceptivos en adolescentes en Perú
Authors: Carmona-Clavijo Gloria María , Beltrán Jessica , Calderón María , Piazza Marina , Chávez Susana
Published: August 2019

[No disponible]
Intervención del Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil Dr. Juan N Navarro tras el sismo del 19 de septiembre de 2017
Authors: Sarmiento-Hernández Emmanuel Isaías , Ulloa-Flores Rosa Elena , Ávila-Rodríguez Víctor Manuel , Ramírez-Ahuja Jorge , Velázquez-López Victor Manuel , Reséndiz-Aparicio Juan Carlos , Rodríguez-Arévalo Maricruz
Published: August 2019

[No disponible]
Review and Analysis of Zonal-Isolation Effectiveness in Carbonate Reservoirs Using Multistage Stimulation Systems
Authors: Nozaki M.. , Burton R. C. , Zwarich N. R. , Furui K..
Published: August 2019

It is common practice to complete long carbonate intervals with multistage stimulation treatments, especially in horizontal wells. Each zone is, typically, mechanically isolated using cement or openhole packers and then acid stimulated. It is important to pump the planned acid volume to the target zone without any significant loss into adjacent zones. Zonal–isolation effectiveness is rarely evaluated because of a lack of zone–specific pressure and/or temperature data. Instead, it is judged on the basis of job pressure response or post–job production logging. In this study, zone–specific pressure and temperature gauges allowed for a more effective review of zonal isolation during stimulation treatments.

In this paper, we review zonal–isolation results from a series of high–rate acid jobs conducted in wells equipped with zone–specific pressure and temperature gauges. Twenty–one acid–stimulation jobs from thirteen different wells were reviewed to investigate the effectiveness of zonal isolation during and after treatment. The examples presented in this paper cover several different completion types: cemented and uncemented, intelligent well systems (IWSs), plug–and–perforate completions, and ball–activated sliding–sleeve completions. The analysis revealed several different pressures and/or flow communication patterns. Field examples and analysis results presented in this work will help engineers design and optimize the zonal–isolation distance in cemented and uncemented wells requiring multistage stimulation in carbonate fields without losing a significant pay length.
Evaluation of Quality of Family Medicine Education for Fourth Year Students at the Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt: Students’ Perspectives
Authors: Abdelrazeq Sarah Abdelaaty , Ahmed Hazem Ahmed Sayed , Nour-Eldein Hebatallah
Published: August 2019

Background
Students' learning experiences and satisfaction are indicators of perceived teaching quality of family medicine (FM). Delivery of high quality FM education for undergraduates has a positive impact on their knowledge, attitudes, skills and interest in the subject. Egyptian studies into assessing of teaching quality in FM are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the fourth year medical students' perspectives on quality of FM education and to determine their learning experiences' associated factors at the Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University (FOM/SCU).
Methods
A cross-sectional study included convenience sampling of 109 participants with a response rate 90.83% in academic year 2017/2018. Data were collected via emails from August to September 2018 using a self-administrated questionnaire, which included demographic and academic data, Undergraduate Module Experience Questionnaire, and 2 open-ended questions.
Results
The mean age of participants was 21.93 ± 0.52 years and 66% of participants were females. More than half of participants positively perceived (Mean score was ≥ 4) improving their competencies by attending training in primary health care settings (55%), improving their consultation and communication skills (52.3%), wide covering of Intended Learning Objectives in assessment (52.3%) and satisfaction with Objective Structured Clinical Examination (57.8%).
Overload work was perceived (Mean score was 2.97) and other learning experiences subscales were questionable perceived (Mean score was 3-3.99). Participants' perceived the presence of unwanted academic pressure on them, too many topics of syllabus, difficulty of MCQs, the unsatisfying of library resources for their needs and unhelpful portfolio guide (Mean score was < 3).
Family medicine module satisfied 47.7% of participants. The predictors of their satisfaction were learning resources (odds = 9.63) and good teaching (odds = 7.624). There was no significant association between students' demographic and academic variables and their perspectives with quality of FM module. Participants suggested more live lectures (37.6%).
Conclusions
Undergraduate FM education strove to satisfy students. Learning resources and good teaching were predictors of their teaching quality. Continuous quality improvement of FM education using students' learning perspectives is needed.
Mapping maternal and newborn healthcare access in West African Countries
Authors: Ononokpono Dorothy , Baffour Bernard , Richardson Alice
Published: August 2019

Background: The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) three emphasizes the need to improve maternal and newborn health, and reduce global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100 000 live births by 2030. Achieving the SDG goal 3.1 target will require evidence based data on concealed inequities in the distribution of maternal and child health outcomes and their linkage to healthcare access. The objectives of this study were to estimate the number of women of reproductive age, pregnancies and live births at subnational level using high resolution maps and to quantify the number of pregnancies within user-defined distances or travel times of a health facility in three poor resource West African countries: Mali, Guinea and Liberia.
Methods: The maternal and newborn health outcomes were estimated and mapped for the purpose of visualization using geospatial analytic tools. Buffer analysis was then performed to assess the proximity of pregnancies to health facilities with the aim of identifying pregnancies with inadequate access (beyond 50km) to a health facility.
Results: Results showed wide variations in the distribution of maternal and newborn health outcomes across the countries of interest and districts of each of the countries. There was also clustering of health outcomes and health facilities at the urban capital cities of Bamako, Conakry, and Greater Monrovia.
Conclusion: To bridge the gap in inequity in healthcare access, and improve maternal and newborn health in the study countries, there is need for equitable distribution of human resources and infrastructure within and across the various districts.
Temporal and textual analysis of social media on collective discourses during the Zika virus pandemic
Authors: Lwin May Oo , Lu Jiahui , Sheldenkar Anita , Cayabyab Ysa Marie , Andrew Zi Han Yee , Smith Helen Elizabeth
Published: August 2019

Background

While existing studies have investigated the role of social media on health-related communication, little is known about the potential differences between different users groups on different social media platforms in responses to a health event. This study sets out to explore the online discourse of governmental authorities and the public in Singapore during the recent Zika pandemic in 2016.

Methods

Social media data were extracted from Facebook and Twitter using retroactive keyword sourcing of the word “Zika” to search for posts and a location filter of “Singapore”. Government posts, public posts, and replies to these original posts were included in the temporal and textual analysis.

Results

Overall, Facebook contained more government and individual content whereas Twitter had more content from news media accounts. Though the relative volume of Zika content from different data sources paralleled the peaks and troughs of Zika activities across time, discourses from different data sources differed in their temporal patterns, such that the public discourse died down faster than the government discourse after the outbreak was declared. In addition, the content of discourses differed among data sources. While government discourse included factual information of the disease, public discourse contained more elements of care such as worry about the risks to pregnant women, and elements of community such as well-wishes to each other.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates the temporal and content differences between user groups and social media platforms in social media conversations during the Zika pandemic. It suggests that future research should examine the collective discourse of a health event by investigating social media discourses within varied sources rather than focusing on a singular social media platform and by one particular type of user.
Preconception health and wellbeing interventions in the workplace: A systematic review
Authors: Bailey Cate , Walker Ruth , Hill Briony , Hills Andrew P , Venn Alison , Skouteris Helen
Published: August 2019

Background Preconception health status is an important indicator of later health outcomes for mothers and infants. Preconception health promotion strategies are required, as pregnancy may be too late to influence some health behaviors, with impacts on fetal health already established. The workplace has the potential to play an important role in the health and wellbeing of employees and could be an ideal intervention setting in the preconception period. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate workplace interventions designed to improve the health and/or wellbeing of women during preconception.
Methods Medline, EMBASE and PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus were systematically searched for relevant studies published between January 2009 and October 2018. Inclusion criteria were interventions involving preconception or pre-pregnancy health, wellbeing or health promotion, and which occurred in the workplace or work organization.
Results Two hundred and forty-eight records were retrieved in the search, and four were screened in full text. No eligible studies were identified. We then capitalized on the opportunity to learn from the literature explored during the review screening process to identify areas for consideration in future research and policy agendas for workplace health promotion for preconception women.
Conclusions Specific examples of strategies that could be applied in the workplace include legislative changes to reduce smoking, policy directives to improve the food environment and increase physical activity, and the application of electronic health interventions in the workplace. Further research should be undertaken to design, conduct and evaluate interventions to improve preconception health and wellbeing, as well as to improve our understanding of how the workplace might be leveraged for preconception health promotion.
Water quality analysis for domestic use public water supply in the case of Asella town at the source of Ashebeka River, laboratory based cross-sectional study design
Authors: Eshete Amde Eshete
Published: August 2019

1.Abstract

Background

Water is essential for life. The objective of this research was designed to assess the physicochemical & bacteriological quality of drinking water come from Ashebeka river as a supply of Asella town.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was implemented on the study sites. Water samples had been taken for laboratory analysis. Statistical analysis were carried out with Epi info 7 for data entry & STATA 15 for data analysis.

Results

The first round laboratory test results for:-BOD test result 4mg/L at site one, 2 mg/L at fourth site, & 6 mg/L at site eight. COD test result 40mg/L at site one, 20 at fourth sites, & 60 at site eight. The result of total & fecal coliform count greater than 180CFU/100ml & Escherichia Coli 40 CFU/100ml of sample for the first sites.

The laboratory investigation during the second round test results for:- turbidity measure 162.06 NTU at site one, 5.84NTU at site two, 6.94NTU at site three, 5.48NTU at site four, 6.57NTU at site five & 8.76NTU at site six. The chemical analysis result had found that fluoride concentration 0.5mg/L at site one, 0.48mg/L at site two, 0.44 mg/L at site three & at site four, 0.43mg/L at site five, & 0.01mg/L at site six. Aluminum taste result nill at first site, 0.54mg/L at second site, 0.24 at third site, 0.48mg/L at fourth site, 0.39mg/L at fifth site & 0.110mg/L at sixth sites. the calcium concentration had found that 8 mg/L at first sites & third sites, 6.4 mg/L at the rest sites. The magnesium test results had found that 0.96mg/L at first & fifth sites, 1.92mg/L for the rest sites. The dissolved oxygen concentration at first site was 3.667mgL, at second sites 5.333mg/L, at third sites 6.0mg/L, 4.667mg/L at fourth sites, 5mg/L at fifth sites & 2.667 mg/L at sixth sites.

Conclusions

Water quality was acceptable even though improvement will be required on chemical parameters.

Keywords : Water pollution, Physico-chemical and bacteriological water quality, Escherichia Coli & coliform counts.
Determinants Of Delay In Care Seeking For Diarrheal Diseases Among Mothers/caregivers With Under-five Children In Public Health Facilities Of Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia; 2019: A Case Control Study
Authors: Fikre Alemayehu , Ayele Gistane , Haftu Desta
Published: August 2019

Background

Timely and appropriate health care seeking for diarrhea of under-five children is important to reduce severe and life-threatening complications. However, different findings indicate that mothers of under-five children often delay in seeking care which in turn contributes to the death of large number of children without ever reaching a health facility. Therefore, a proper understanding of determinants of delay in seeking care inform intervention strategies for health service planners. Objectives the aim of this study was to identify the determinants of delay in care seeking for diarrheal disease among Mothers/Caregivers of under-five children in Public Health Facilities of Arba Minch Town, South Ethiopia, 2019.

Methods

-Facility based Case Control study was conducted from March 4 to April 30, 2019. Total sample size was 400. Cases were selected by systematic random sampling technique while controls were mothers of under-five children with signs and symptoms diarrhea who came to the same health facility within 24 hours following cases. Data was collected by using pretested structured questionnaire by three data collectors and entered into EpiData V4 and exported to SPSS V23 for further analysis. Bivariable and Multivariable logistic regression was done and p-value <0.05 and 95%CI of AOR was used to declare statistical significance.

Result

-child sex[AOR=1.93, (95%CI: 1.11,3.36)], child age[AOR=4.47,95%CI:2.51,7.97)], mothers’/caregivers educational status [AOR=6.90, (95%CI:3.10,15.37)], and [AOR=3.12,(95%CI:1.44,6.73)], household wealth index category[AOR=2.81, (95%CI:1.20,6.58) and AOR= 2.61,(95%CI: 1.12, 6.09)], response to first episode diarrhea [AOR= 4.55, (95%CI:2.41,8.59)], how the last six month visit helped for today’s visit [AOR= 0.29, (95%CI:0.15,0.55)], and perceived health care professionals respect[AOR=4.91, (95%CI:2.64,9.15)] were important determinants of delay in seeking care.

Conclusions

-Sex and age of the child, educational status of the Mother/Caregiver, poor wealth index category, not visiting health facility at first response, satisfaction with the care and examination, and respect of health care professionals were important determinants of delay in seeking care among mothers/caregivers of under-five children with diarrhea illness. All concerned body should focus interventions on poor and less educated Mothers/Caregivers with emphasis on female children and <24 months. Health Workers are needed to provide respectful service to promote satisfaction level of clients.
Sexual and risky sexual behaviors experience of Wolkite University students Central Ethiopia-Descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Lamade Kifle , Tesfaye Teklemichael Gebru , Berhanu Admas , W/tsadik Membere
Published: August 2019

Background

The risky behaviors of youngsters or youths may further be worsened by the logic that university students are too many in number, lack facilities for sexual and reproductive health services and live away from their parents and free from parental control. To tackle the issue, evidence based intervention like improved access for youth’s friendly reproductive health services is crucial. In Ethiopia, despite the fact that much has been said about sexual and related issues of higher institution students, the assessment of the problem is not widely covered and search for solutions is mostly after the problem become deep-rooted. So, the purpose of this study was to assess the level of risky sexual behaviors among Wolkite University (one of the public higher institute) students.

Methods

A facility based cross-sectional study was employed using Cluster sampling to identify 1,123 students’ from each college, departments & sections of the colleges in the University, list of clusters (groups) was established with area of study and year of study. To select these clusters, list of cumulative frequencies of number of students was calculated. The total sample size was divided proportionately to the selected clusters and to both sexes (male and female). Accordingly, males and females were selected based on percentages calculated. Finally, a systematic sampling method was applied to select males and females from the cluster selected for the study after dividing the cluster in to male and female groups.

Result

In this emerging university ever use of substance reportedly was somewhat higher than a quarter, 28.7% (322) from a total of 1123 students. Among students reported ever use of substances, alcohol consumption was the predominant one, 157(14.0%), followed by khat, 57 (5.1%).

Conclusion and recommendation

The institute needs substantial progress in availing youth friendly reproductive health services as huge number of the youngsters, 225(20%) had risky sexual behavior and currently 7(1.5%) were HIV positive. Moreover, services for youths should be friendly and available with skillful professionals. This can be realized through the effort of tremendous stakeholders in the compound and elsewhere in the country like ministry of education/health or non-governmental organizations.
ADHERENCE TO ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG HIV POSITIVE ADULTS ATTENDING TREATMENT AT NEKEMTE REFERRAL HOSPITAL, WEST ETHIOPIA, 2019
Authors: Abadiga Muktar
Published: August 2019

BACK GROUND

Antiretroviral therapy has a remarkable clinical effect in decreasing the viral replication, reducing the progress of AIDS and deaths related to AIDS. The clinical outcome of ART depends on the strict adherence to antiretroviral medication. However; only a few studies have been done on the adherence status of ART and its determinant factors in Ethiopia and this study could provide an opportunity to identify obstacles to taking medication. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess adherence status and associated factors among HIV infected patients on ART attending Nekemte referral hospital, West Ethiopia.

METHODS

Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on 311 HIV/AIDS patients, from March 01 to March 30, 2019. The study participants were selected by simple random sampling method and were interviewed using structured questionnaires. The data were coded, checked, cleaned and entered into Epi data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS window version 20.0 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to find the independent variables which best predict adherence. Association and statistical significance were measured using odds ratio at 95% confidence interval and p-value less than 0.05.

RESULTS

A total of 305 HIV/AIDS patients were included in this study. Out of this,73.1% were adhered to their medication. Respondent’s knowledge about HIV and its treatment (AOR=8.13, 95% CI: 3.06, 21.61), family/social support (AOR=7.36, 95% CI: 2.07, 26.10), adverse effects of ARV medications (AOR=5.62, 95% CI: 2.11, 14.93), co-morbidity of other chronic illness (AOR=5.46, 95% CI: 1.86, 16.02), and family disclosure status (AOR= 5.27, 95% CI: 2.20, 12.62) were significantly associated with adherence to medication among HIV/AIDS patients.

CONCLUSION

In this study, the level of adherence to antiretroviral therapy was found low compared to the WHO standard. The clinician should emphasize adverse drug reaction, early detect and treat co-morbidities, improve knowledge through health education, and encourage HIV/AIDS patient to disclose their HIV status.
Mycoparasitism illuminated by genome sequencing and digital gene expression profiling of Coniothyrium minitans, an important biocontrol fungus of the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Zhao Huizhang , Zhou Ting , Xie Jiatao , Cheng Jiasen , Chen Tao , Jiang Daohong , Fu Yanping
Published: August 2019

BackgroundConiothyrium minitans is a mycoparasite of the notorious plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. To further understand the parasitism of C. minitans, here, we assembled and analyzed its genome by combining transcriptome data.ResultsThe genome of C. minitans strain ZS-1 was 39.77 Mb in 350 scaffolds. A total of 11437 predicted genes and proteins were annotated, and 30.8% of blast hits matched proteins encoded by Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa, a worldwide soil fungus. The transcriptome of strain ZS-1 during the early interaction at 0 h, 4 h and 12 h with its host was analyzed. The detected expressed genes were involved in response to host defenses, including cell wall-degrading enzymes, transporters, secretory proteins and secondary metabolites. The fungal cell wall-degrading enzymes belonged to the GH16, GH18, and GH72 classes in CAZymes, and some were significantly up-regulated during mycoparasitism. Most of the monocarboxylate transporter genes of the major facilitator superfamily and all the detected ABC transporters, especially the heavy metal transporters, were significantly up-regulated. Approximately 8% of the 11437 proteins in C. minitans were predicted to be secretory proteins, with catalytic activity, hydrolase activity, peptidase activity and serine hydrolase activity enriched in molecular function. Most genes involved in serine hydrolase activity were significantly up-regulated during mycoparasitism.ConclusionThis assemble genome and genome-wide expression study demonstrate that the mycoparasitism process of C. minitans is complex and a series of genes or proteins would be deployed by C. minitans to invade successfully the host. Our study provides insights into the mechanisms of the mycoparasitism between C. minitans and S. sclerotiorum and clues to excavate active secondary metabolites from C. minitans.
Factors associated with depression of the parents who lost their only child in western China city
Authors: Rong Chao , Zheng Wei-Jun , Liu Tian-Li , Shen Shu-Hua , Fan Hong , Shen Wei-Wei , Yuan Hui-Ling
Published: August 2019

Background: The number of families who lost their only child is estimated to be 10 million by 2035. The parents who lost their only child are forced to endure psychological suffering and cope with elderly care problems alone. Long-term poor mental health can affect physical health and reduces the quality of life and well-being. Methods: Participants were selected using the method of combining stratified sampling with cluster sampling. The study used GDS and adopted a generalized linear regression model to investigate the parents who lost their only child in Anshun city, Guizhou province, China, to comprehensively and systematically explore the depression status and it's influencing factors of the parents. Results: The parents who lost their only child of different self-assessment of health status (P=0.004) and the number of chronic diseases (P=0.001) had different GDS scores. EQ-5D score(P=0.019) and SSRS score(P<0.001) were significantly associated with the depression of the parents who lost their only child. Conclusion: The parents who lost their only child is a high-risk group of depression, and targeted interventions should be carried out for them. The family doctor team should increase the frequency and content of serving them, and promptly manage their health. A diverse social support system should be built and consolidated for these parents.
Abnormal cranium development in children and adolescents affected by syndromes or diseases associated with neurodysfunction: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Guzik Agnieszka , Perenc Lidia , Drużbicki Mariusz , Podgórska-Bednarz Justyna
Published: August 2019

Background: Microcephaly and macrocephaly are cranial growth defects and at the same time clinical symptoms. There are two assessment criteria, one applied in dysmorphology and the other conventionally used in clinical practice. Which one should be used on a daily basis and what is the relationship between microcephaly or macrocephaly and the syndromes or diseases associated with neurodysfunction?. The study was designed to investigate the associations between abnormal cranium development (head size) and diseases or syndromes linked with neurodysfunction, based on essential data collected upon admission of the patients to the Neurological Rehabilitation Ward for Children and Adolescents. Methods: Retrospective analysis took into account 327 children and adolescents with medical conditions associated with neurodysfunction. In order to identify the subgroups of subjects with microcephaly, normal head size, and macrocephaly two assessment criteria were applied, one system commonly used in clinical practice and the other – applied in dysmorphology. To enable assessment based on all the above criteria, z-score for head circumference (z-score hc) was computed for each study participant. Normative values published earlier were used as reference.Results: The subjects were divided into seven subgroups – six with diseases/syndromes usually associated with encephalopathy (90.2%), and one with diseases commonly occurring without encephalopathy, i.e. neuromuscular disorders (9.8%). The findings showed more/less common co-occurrence of as well as statistically significant relationships between: the size of the head - dysmorphology classification (hc), and diseases or syndromes associated with neurodysfunction (p=0.026), classification with regard to etiopathogenesis, presence and character of encephalopathy (p=0.010), epilepsy (p<0.001), hypothyroidism p=0.024, Cp=0.105); and the size of the head - traditional classification (hc) and entities or syndromes associated with neurodysfunction (p<0.001), classification with regard to etiopathogenesis, presence and character of encephalopathy (p<0.001), encephalopathy in neural tube defects (p=0.004, Cp=0.564), type of spasticity (p=0.034, Cp=0.211), epilepsy (p<0.001), as well as hypothyroidism (p<0.001).Conclusions: Children and adolescents with syndromes or diseases associated with neurodysfunction present abnormal cranium development (head size) and are found with microcephaly co-occurring with epilepsy and hypothyroidism. It was shown that the traditional classification enabled identification of a greater number of relationships, therefore it should be used in the daily practice.
Interventional effect of off-label use of alprostadil lipid microsphere injection in neurosurgical patients: a before-after study
Authors: luo hongli , Fan Qingze , Zhang Lunhui , Zhong Meng , Dong Limei
Published: August 2019

Background

As adjuvant drug, alprostadil lipid microsphere injection (Lipo-PGE1) is one of the highest-selling classes of drugs in China in recent years and the off-label use of Lipo-PGE1 is very common. To investigate the situation of the use of alprostadil lipid microsphere injection (Lipo-PGE1) and evaluate the clinical and economic impacts of administrative intervention in reducing inappropriate use of Lipo-PGE1 in neurosurgical patients in a Chinese tertiary hospital. Methods: A self-control study before and after an intervention of patients receiving Lipo-PGE1 was performed in the Department of Neurosurgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University. Administrative interventions were implemented from January to December 2018, including reducing the volume of procurement of Lipo-PGE1, judging the rationality of medical records, establishing reward and punishment mechanism. The effects of administrative interventions on utilization and expenditure of Lipo-PGE1 were analyzed. Then patients admitted from January to December 2017 and from January to December 2018 were randomized extracted and then served as the pre-intervention and the post-intervention group for appropriateness analysis. Results: Administrative interventions significantly decreased prescribing rate (49.98% vs 22.49%), utilization (22311DDDs vs 8334 DDDs), drug use density (43.52 DDDs/TID vs 15.84 DDDs/TID), total cost (3.58 million CNY vs 1.30 million CNY) and average cost (2025.04 CNY vs 1466.49 CNY) of Lipo-PGE1 for all patients in neurosurgery. After administrative interventions, the rate in the use of no indications for Lipo-PGE1 and in the cases of inappropriate drug dose, frequency, menstruum type, combination and contraindications significantly decreased in cases collected (P < 0.05 or P < 0.001), yet the percentage of cases adhering to all the criteria was zero. Moreover, significant reductions were found in the average usage quantity (P=0.008), mean cost (P<0.001) and mean duration (P < 0.001) of Lipo-PGE1. Conclusion: As adjuvant drug, the off-label use of Lipo-PGE1 is very common in neurosurgery. The results from simple administrative intervention are unsatisfied. Combination of administrative intervention and clinical pharmacist real-time intervention should be introduced.
Challenges and factors associated with poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Nekemte referral hospital, western Ethiopia: cross-sectional study
Authors: Fekadu Ginenus , Bula Kejela , Bayisa Getu
Published: August 2019

Background: Diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world and about 80% of diabetics’ lives in developing countries. Similar to the rest of sub Saharan African countries, Ethiopia is experiencing significant burden of diabetes with increased prevalence, complications and mortality as well as life threatening disabilities. Reasons for poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes are complex and multivariable. Hence, this study was aimed to identify challenges and factors associated with poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetes patients.
Method: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted on type 2 diabetic patients attending diabetic clinic of Nekemte Referral Hospital (NRH) from February 1 to April 30, 2018. Fasting blood glucose of last three clinic visits were obtained and the mean fasting blood glucose measurements was used to determine the level of glycemic control. Analysis included both descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS version 20.0. Predictor variable with P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Result: Out of the total 228 included type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, 51.8% were males. The mean age of participants was 43±12.4 years and 154(67.5%) were found not following their general dietary program correctly. Nearly one third, 73(32%) of participants never attended diabetic education and 52(22.8%) of the patients had greater than 10 years’ duration on treatment. The majority, 148(64.9%) of patients had poor blood glucose control. Age range of 40-60 years (AOR=2.01, 95% CI 0.04-0.06, P=0.044), being illiterate (AOR = 3.12, 95 % CI 1.52-8.50, P=0.001), having informal education only (AOR=2.28, 95% CI 2.14-32.60, P=0.024), longer duration of diabetes treatment (>10 years) (AOR = 3.94, 95 % CI 1.51-27.83, P=0.012), inadequate physical exercise (AOR = 3.19, 95 % CI 1.05-19.84, P=0.019), smoking (AOR = 4.51, 95 % CI 0.00-0.50, p=0.022) were independent predictors of poor glycemic control up on a multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Conclusion: Nearly two third of patients had poorly controlled diabetes. Age, exercise, level of education, duration of the treatment and smoking were significantly associated with poor glycemic control. Health facilities should provide continuous education as well as barriers of glycemic control should be explored with further research.
EFEITOS DE ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA DE COBERTURA EM MILHO CONSORCIADO
Authors: Scotta Rebeca Greve de Moraes , Machado Filho Gilberto Coutinho , Peluzio Joênes Mucci , Carvalho Edmar Vinicius , Dotto Michel Antônio , Afférri Flávio Sérgio
Published: August 2019

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do consórcio entre o milho, Brachiaria decumbens e feijão guandu (Cajanus cajan) plantados simultaneamente, sob diferentes níveis de nitrogênio em cobertura. O experimento foi realizado no ano agrícola 2011/12 na área experimental da Universidade Federal do Tocantins – UFT, localizada em Gurupi, Tocantins, Brasil. As doses de N foram 0, 40, 80, 120, 160 e 200 kg ha-1, utilizando delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com três repetições e 24 tratamentos. Observou-se que os consórcios não prejudicaram nenhuma das variáveis do milho avaliadas (comprimento de espiga, número de grãos por fileira, peso de espiga com palha e peso de grãos), embora as doses crescentes de N influenciaram positivamente as variáveis avaliadas.