bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stretched Penile Length in Boys - A Cross-sectional Single Centre Study
Authors: Lakshmanapillai Ramuppillai Saranya , Krishnamoorthi Rangasamy , Ravichandran Saranya , Kumar Somasundaram Jithesh , Rengarajan Dhanalakshmi Naveen
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Stretched penile length is the most relevant measurement to define the size of the penis, which varies in various ages, geographical regions and ethnicities. Thus, a population specific normative data on stretched penile length helps in early diagnosis of penile abnormalities and endocrine disorders in children.

Methods: A cross sectional study was done in 501 healthy boys from neonatal period till 12 years of age. Boys with abnormalities of external genitalia, suspected endocrine disorders, suspected syndromes, chronic diseases were excluded from the study. Stretched penile length was measured with a transparent ruler from the pubic ramus till the tip of the glans penis excluding the foreskin. Height and weight of the boys were also recorded. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient test was used to find the correlation of stretched penile length vs height and weight of the boys. P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The median, 5th, 95th percentiles of stretched penile length were calculated. The median stretched penile length of the boys ranged from 3.01 (2.32, 3.06) cm in infancy to 6.33 (6.04, 6.62) cm by 12 years. The correlation of stretched penile length vs height and weight showed a statistically significant positive correlation. (rs = 0.979, p < 0.001; rs = 0.971, P < 0.001 respectively).

Conclusions: Our study provides normative data on stretched penile length from neonatal period till 12 years of age. There was a significant positive correlation between stretched penile length and height and weight of the boys.
Validation of the Paediatric Asthma Score (PAS) in Evaluation of Acute Exacerbation of Asthma in Children
Authors: K Jose Joswin , Namboodiripad Aparna
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Assessing the severity of acute asthma objectively is important to guide treatment. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is used for this. Paediatric Asthma Score (PAS) is a user-friendly asthma score in children. Our aim was to validate the efficacy of PAS in comparison with PEFR for assessing severity of acute asthma.

Methods: The study included 32 children in the age group of five to 14 years, with mild to moderate asthma exacerbation. The PEFR and the PAS were measured before treatment, 15 min, 30 min, and one hour after treatment, and at discharge. Paired t-test was used to establish construct validity by comparing pre-and post-treatment PEFR and PAS. The criterion validity was calculated by correlating pre-and post-treatment PASs with PEFRs.

Results: The mean predicted PEFR improved with treatment by 22.35% (p < 0.001) by one hour. Pre- and post-treatment PASs significantly correlated with PEFRs. The correlation of pre-treatment PEFR and PAS was r = -0.491 (p = 0.004), that for post-treatment at 1hour was r = -0.505 (p = 0.003).

Conclusions: The study validities the PAS as a measure of severity of asthma. The PAS is thus a simple alternative to the PEFR to estimate airway obstruction in children within the age group to five to 14 years with acute asthma exacerbations.
Mild Encephalopathy with Reversible Splenic Lesions in an Infant with COVID-19
Authors: Yagi Natsuki , Sugitate Ryo , Shimizu Mariko , Ogata Tomomi
Published: September 2023

There have been few reports of mild encephalopathy with reversible splenic lesions (MERS) associated with COVID-19 in infants. Here, we present a case of MERS in a 23-month-old infant with COVID-19 in Japan during the Omicron variant epidemic. The increase in COVID-19 acute encephalopathy in infants, including those with MERS, should be considered in the future due to the prevalence of the Omicron variant strain. Meanwhile, whether the cause is COVID-19, acute encephalopathy with a lesion localized in the splenium of the corpus callosum can be treated with temporary anticonvulsant therapy, as is generally the case with MERS.
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome Causing Gastroduodenal Intussusception : A Rare Case Report
Authors: Chaudhary Gyanendra , Agrawal Sachin , Situ Situ , Dadu Ananvay
Published: September 2023

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare disease characterized by melanotic macular lesions over the pulp of fingers, in oral cavity mucosa, lips, and hamartomatous gastric and intestinal polyps. They usually present with intestinal intussusception or intestinal bleeding; gastroduodenal intussusception is an infrequent presentation. Endoscopic resection or complete surgical excision of the polyp is the treatment of choice. We here present a case of a seven year male with multiple gastric polyps presenting as gastric outlet obstruction.
Retrieval of Broken Umbilical Venous Catheter Fragment in a VLBW Neonate
Authors: Habibullah SK Md , Saha Bijan , Zamal Ashadur , Saha Sayantan
Published: September 2023

Fracture of umbilical venous catheters is a serious uncommon complication. We are reporting a 31+4 week male neonate weighing 1390 gm with a broken umbilical venous catheter and successful retrieval of the catheter by an open surgical technique.
Growth performance of maize (Zea Mays) in the initial stage under shallow water conditions to determine the best planting season in lowland area
Authors: D Ramawulan , Momon manudin Sodik , Bakri Bakri
Published: September 2023

Maize crop is one of the agricultural commodity crops that have an important role in the agricultural sector because corn plants are needed in the supply of food, feed, livestock and other industrial needs. The condition of corn plants with high rainfall can result in the risk of flooding of corn plants, if the corn plants are always flooded continuously it will result in a decrease in corn production. Stagnant water is an abiotic stress that must be considered because it can result in an increase in H2O and a decrease in O2 in stagnant plants. Stagnant water or excessive water stress can result in decreased plant development and decreased production. The aim of the research was to look at the growth conditions of maize plants at various high groundwater levels. The best expansion was achieved in treatment P5 (groundwater table 30 cm from the soil surface) that is 212.67 cm and the lowest results were in treatment P2 (groundwater table 5 cm from the soil surface) with a plant height of 61.50 cm
Germination of True Shallot Seed (TSS) of Onion Cultivars and Mixing of Planting Media
Authors: Sopiana Rina , Suwignyo Rujito Agus , Harun M. Umar , Susilawati Susilawati
Published: September 2023

In Indonesia, onion cultivation uses bulbs, which disrupts stocks of consumtion and trade quite significantly. One way to reduce the need for bulbs from onions is to use True Shallot Seed (TSS).  Onion of TSS can reduce production costs, and is practical in shipping compared to bulbs. One of the activities in the cultivation of TSS is the preparation of strong, uniform and healthy of seedling. This study aims to examine the appropriate composition of organic matter as a planting medium to accelerate the germination time of various cultivars of TSS. The planting medium tested was a mixture of soil, rice husk, cocopeat and sawdust. This study used a complete randomized block design which was arranged in factorials. The first factor was the variety and the second factor was mixing of organic matter.  Mixing organic matter with the soil before planting onion seeds led to an increase in soil pH from 0.77 to 1.51. Mixing soil with organic matter before implementation increased the pH of the media, CEC,  WHC, and decreases the bulb density. After germination, the husk and cocopeat mixture showed a pH (5.9), CEC (1.62 mS.cm-1), bulb density (0.3 g/cm3) and WHC (162%).  The combination of rice husk and cocopeat as the growing medium (4,9 days), the Sanren  cultivar (7,3 days) exhibited the fastest germination and seedling growth rate compared to other cultivars and mixed growing media.
Growth response of corn due to application of simple mixed compound fertilizer derived from urea - azolla (azolla sp.) - coal fly ash
Authors: Hermawan Agus , Budianta Dedik , Warsito
Published: September 2023

Mixing urea with natural materials that can reduce the rate of urea dissolution is known to increase the N availability replenished by inorganic fertilizers which absorbed by plants for growth and production.This study aimed to examine the effective of application of pellet N fertilizer prepared by coal fly ash- azolla and urea on the response of corn planted in acidic Ultisol. This pot experiment was performed in the greenhouse and soil analysis was conducted in the Laboratory of Chemistry, Biology and Soil Fertility, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. The research was arranged using a completely randomized design with nine  treatments and three replications. The treatments applied were a mixed composition materials (w/w) of 50% coal fly ash + 50% azolla, and 40% coal fly ash + 60% azolla respectively. Each composition (w/w) of 70% coal fly ash- Azolla mixture was then incorporated by 30% urea and compacted as pellets using a manual screw extruder. In addition, to compare the effect of pellet, it was done the other treatment by granular urea fertilizer only applied by immersing and sowing on the soil surface. The results showed that the application of N slow release using the pellet forms significantly increased N availability, plant N uptake, plant height and dry weight of corn. The N slow release as a pellet can reduce the dose of N inorganic fertilizer as urea by 25%. The response of corn at a dose of 0.75 times is not significantly different from the dose of 1 times the recommended dose of N.
Sawah Surjan Environmental Management for Food Crop Diversification in Kulon Progo of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Utami Sri Nuryani Hidayah , Hermania Pradysta Maya , Purwanto Benito Heru
Published: September 2023

The utilization of wetlands as agricultural land requires specific processing techniques, which are relatively expensive and unaffordable for local farmers. The optimization of wetlands as agricultural land by local farmers is usually made by elevating a certain part using the adjacent soil material known as Surjan system. The land management using Surjan system increases the diversity of agricultural products and deals with inundation problems. However, its environmental impact has not been widely studied.
The research was conducted by observing the land with Surjan system in Kulonprogo area to determine its characteristics. Interviews with farmers were conducted to determine land management techniques. Soil and gas emissions samples were taken based on the age of the crop. The characteristics of land with Surjan system and conventional rice field were then compared to determine the difference, and the implications of the two agricultural lands on the environment are discussed.
Surjan system can increase land productivity, and it can be adopted easily by farmers in other areas with inundation problems. This system is a planting system consisting of mound (the raised beds) and tabukan (the sunken beds that remain inundated). The mound part can be planted with secondary crops, horticulture, and other dryland crops, while the tabukan part can be planted with rice and used for mina padi (rice-fish) farming system. Surjan system provides benefits for environmental management through the prevention of floods and eutrophication, as well as reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. Land management through Surjan system affects soil pH, redox potential, and organic matter. Land with Surjan system produces lower methane gas emissions than conventional rice fields. It produces methane gas of 4.06 - 45.73 µg / m2 / minute, with soil pH, redox potential, and organic matter of 6.65 - 7.69, (-) 49 - 10 mV, and 1.28 - 3.59%, respectively
Cadmium in Paddy Soil and Rice Crop in Indonesian Intensive Farming System
Authors: Budianta Dedik , Suarji Muhammad Agung , Napoleon A , Suntoro Suntoro , Santoso Joko , Bolan Nanthi
Published: September 2023

Agriculture serves as a critical sector underpinning the livelihood of the Indonesian population.. Thus the implementation of this sector involves the use of fertilizers as inputs. However, A prevalent misconception among farmers is that increased fertilization invariably leads to enhanced yield. Excessive fertilization using inorganic compounds, such as phosphorous (P) can elevate levels of Cadmium (Cd), which is a potentially toxic metal for the environment and humans. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the concentration of the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) in both soil and rice plants in Marga Cinta, Belitang Madang Raya District, East Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The method involved a comprehensive survey approach and spanned  across  96-hectares of paddy fields, which were divided into six distinct locations. Each location comprised 16 hectares of rice fields, with five sample points drilled to a depth of 0-30 cm. The results showed that the content of Cd in paddy soil and rice plants had exceeded national food safety standards. Hence, farmers were advised to balance their use of phosphorus-rich fertilizers with organic ones, mitigating the rise in soil Cd content. This balance necessitates a reduction in the usage of other chemical fertilizers, favoring organic fertilization methods to promote phytoremediation
Orthopedic Sub-Specialties Vary in Representation of Female Fellowship Program Directors
Authors: Fram Brianna , Kazley Jillian , Cannada Lisa
Published: September 2023

Background

Female representation varies among subspecialities as far as existing surgeons and entry of female candidates. Mentorship has been identified as a factor affecting women’s decision to choose a sub-specialty. Orthopaedic fellowship program director gender is an important factor for female applicants in choosing a subspecialty has not been analyzed.

Purpose

To report on fellowship program director (PD) genders within orthopedic subspecialties and quantify the number of training positions represented by female PDs. Also, to compare the academic ranks and h-indices, of male and female PDs within each specialty.

Methods

Data was collected by utilizing the San Francisco Match program data, subspecialty program lists, and specific fellowship pages. For each subspecialty, we calculated the percentage of fellowship program and fellowship positions led by female program directors. We compared academic ranks and h-indices between male and female program directors. Statistical significance was defined as a P-value of <0.05.

Results

Female program directors led 4.7% of programs and 3.4% of fellowship positions. Female leadership varied by subspecialties, highest in orthopedic oncology (20% programs, 18.5% positions) and pediatric orthopedics (13.3% program, 9.6% positions). Lowest female representation in sports (2.2% programs, 1.2% positions) and joints (0.9% programs, 0.5% positions). Female fellowship PDs were more likely to be assistant professors than their male counterparts (39% vs. 22%), and less likely to be full professors (17% vs, 33%), but these differences were not statistically significant (P=0.13). In the 6 subspecialities for which an H-indices was calculated, 5/6 subspecialties there was not significant difference in h-indices.

Conclusion

Women remain underrepresented in the roles as orthopedic fellowship program directors there is significant variation amongst the subspecialities. Female program directors did not have a significantly different academic rank and H-indices did not differ significantly by program director gender in 5/6 subspecialities.
Pengembangan E-book Berbasis Android Pada Materi Protista
Authors: Mahrawi Mahrawi , Wahyuni Indria , As-syifa Azka Maidina , Pramono Hendro
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sumber belajar berupa e-book berbasis android pada materi Protista dengan metode Research and Development (R&D) menggunakan model 3D (Define, Design, and Develop). Pengumpulan data pada tahap penetapan menggunakan angket untuk siswa dan guru, pada tahap perancangan perancang dilakukanan dan pengumpulan berbagai bentuk referensi untuk pembuatan e-book berbasis android, dan pengumpulan data pada tahap pengembangan menggunakan angket kelayakan penilaian dan angket uji respons siswa terhadap e-book berbasis android. Data yang diperoleh dijelaskan secara deskriptif. Hasil penilaian uji ahli pada aspek materi memperoleh nilai rata-rata 97% dan aspek media memperoleh nilai rata-rata 86% dengan kategori sangat layak.Pada hasil uji respon siswa memperoleh hasil 93% siswa menyatakan bahwa sumber belajar yang dikembangkan termasuk dalam kategori sangat layak. Berdasarkan hasil data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa e-book berbasis android pada materi protista sangat layak digunakan sebagai sumber belajar siswa SMA kelas X.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Instruction Berbantu Renderforest terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa SMA
Authors: Putri Sely Yuliana , Muttaqien Muhammad , Ukit Ukit
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh model Problem Based Instruction berbantu Renderforest terhadap keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa SMA. Pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian merupakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian berupa Quasi-eksperimen dengan rancangan Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI SMA disalah satu sekolah swasta di Kabupaten Bandung Barat dengan melibatkan sampel siswa kelas XI IPA 2 dan siswa kelas XI IPA 3. Pada penelitian ini digunakan Teknik purposive sampling sebagai penentu kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari lembar observasi dan soal tes essay yang mencakup indikator keterampilan berpikir kreatif. Hasil yang diperoleh berdasarkan uji independent sampel t test nilai thitung 0,001 < 0,05 yang menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dalam penggunaan model Problem Based Instruction berbantu Renderforest terhadap keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa.
Pengembangan Buku Cerita Bergambar Bermuatan Kearifan Lokal sebagai Keterampilan Membaca Siswa Kelas 2 SD
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , Setyowati Dessy , Nurcahyo Muhammad Aqmal
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengembangan buku cerita bergambar bermuatan kearifan lokal sebagai keterampilan membaca siswa kelas II SD Sirajun Jadid dengan latar belakang kurangnya menggunakan media pembelajaran yang menarik. Selain itu masalah yang ditemukan oleh peneliti ialah kurangnya minat baca siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk (1) Menghasilkan buku cerita bergambar bermuatan kearifan lokal yang layak, praktis, dan efektif pada tema 7 kebersamaan di kelas 2 Sekolah Dasar. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode ADDIE yang terdiri dari 5 tahapan yaitu (1) Analysis (Analisis), (2) Design (Desain), (3) Development (Pengembangan), (4) Implementation (Implementasi), (5) Evalution (Evaluasi) dengan temuan media yang dihasilkan berupa buku cerita bergambar bermuatan kearifan lokal sebagai keterampilan membaca siswa kelas II SD pada tema 7 kebersamaan subtema 4 kebersamaan di tempat wisata pembelajaran 4 kelas II SD Sirajun Jadid hasil pengembangan ini dapat dikatakan kualitas baik. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian pengembangan buku cerita bergambar layak berdasarkan hasil yang diproleh validator ahli materi 98% dengan kategori “Sangat Baik”, hasil validator ahli media 90% dengan kategori “Sangat Baik”, dan hasil dari validator ahli bahasa 91,6% dengan kategori “Sangat Baik”. Kepraktis diperoleh dari lembar observasi 92% dengan kategori “Sangat Praktis”, sedangkan hasil dari angket respon siswa 96% dengan kategori “Sangat Praktis”. Hasil keefektif berdasarkan hasil keterampilan membaca siswa mendapatkan nilai 88% dengan kategori “Sangat Efektif”. Pengembangan buku cerita bergambar dinyatakan valid digunakan untuk siswa kelas II SD.
Penggunaan Media Permainan Kartu UNO dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa pada Materi Sistem Imun
Authors: Nurbaity Bilqis Adela , Pramadi R. Ading , Paujiah Epa
Published: September 2023

Keterbatasan penggunaan media pembelajaran menciptakan suasana belajar yang kurang antusias sehingga memberikan pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa terhadap suatu materi. Media permainan kartu UNO merupakan salah satu jenis media pembelajaran yang dinilai sesuai untuk digunakan dalam membantu meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran biologi materi sistem imun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar kognitif siswa kelas XI IPA SMAN 27 Bandung pada materi sistem imun melalui penggunaan media permainan kartu UNO. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif metode quasi experimental dengan nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media permainan kartu UNO mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif siswa dengan nilai N-Gain sebesar 0,67 (sedang) dan berada dalam kategori cukup efektif. Melalui analisis dengan perhitungan N-Gain, membuktikan bahwa penggunaan media permainan kartu UNO bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif siswa pada materi sistem imun.
Sensibilidad y especificidad de las técnicas moleculares PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), LAMP (Loop-mediated isothermal amplificaction), inmunocromatografícas (PDR – Pruebas de Diagnóstico Rápido) vs la microscopía en el diagnóstico de la malaria: una revision sistemática.
Authors: Valdes Leonardo
Published: September 2023

Antecedentes: Dado al aumento de los recursos para combatir la malaria a nivel mundial en la última década, se ha visto un incremento significativo en el número de intervenciones para frenar su avance, esto, ha permitido que un sin numero de países se hayan adherido a las políticas de eliminación de la malaria (paludismo), permitiendo que la diseminación de la enfermedad disminuya. La microscopía sigue siendo considerada como el Gold Standar para su diagnóstico en muchos países, pero las técnicas basadas en principios moleculares e inmunocromatográficas han avanzado en forma significativa, permitiéndoles, ser una alternativa viable frente a la microscopia la cual se ha utilizado como método convencional para el diagnóstico. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es actualizar la información acerca de los métodos diagnóstico para la malaria en población general, basados en microscopia, técnicas moleculares e inmunocromatografícas.Métodos y diseño: Se realizó la búsqueda desde el 1 de septiembre hasta el 20 de octubre de 2020 en las bases de datos científicas PubMed, Embase, LILACS, Cochrane; al igual que la búsqueda de literatura gris utilizando buscadores como Open Gray y SciELO. El proceso de selección, recopilación y extracción de datos se realizo durante los meses de noviembre, diciembre de 2020 y enero de 2021. Se seleccionaron estudios realizados en diferentes centros de atención (hospitales), en los cuales se incluyeron pacientes sintomáticos (cuadros febriles) y, que fueron diagnosticados utilizando métodos moleculares (PCR, LAMP), inmunocromatográficas (RDT) y microscopia (en la sección de métodos se describen los criterios de inclusión y exclusión de los artículos).Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 15 estudios, los cuales fueron publicados entre los años 2000 y 2020. Se tomaron 7411 muestras para la comparación entre RDT y microscopia mostrando valores de sensibilidad entre 50% y 99% y de especificidad entre 62% y 98%. En cuanto a los métodos moleculares (PCR – LAMP), presentaron valores de sensibilidad superiores al 93% y de especificidad del 95% y 100% respectivamente en un total de 695 muestras para PCR y 556 muestras para LAMP.Conclusión: Esta revisión sistemática permitió resumir la información disponible en artículos correspondientes a estudios, que comparaban las técnicas utilizadas para el diagnóstico de la malaria (PCR, LAMP, RDT, Microscopia) en las diferentes bases de datos que fueron objeto de la búsqueda.
Enfermedad de Crohn Perianal Fistulizante. Reporte de caso clínico y Revisión bibliográfica.
Authors: Vasquez de la Bandera Gonzenbach Paula Domenica , Siguencia Muñoz Jhonatan Miguel , Acosta Mayorga Carlos Gonzalo , Perez Quiroga Fausto Daniel
Published: September 2023

RESUMEN
 
Introducción: La enfermedad de Crohn es una inflamación crónica que resulta de una combinación de interacciones entre la microbiota intestinal, genotipo del huésped y factores ambientales que se caracteriza por tener episodios de actividad y remisión de la inflamación con un curso progresivo que puede avanzar y presentar complicaciones como la estenosis y formación de fístulas.
Presentación de caso: Paciente de 38 años de edad, de aspecto caquéctico ingresa con dolor abdominal difuso, deposiciones diarreicas con moco y sangre, pérdida de peso, y fistula anal tranesfinterica complicada y abscedada, en tratamiento con otros facultativos sin mejora de cuadro clínico.
Conclusión: La identificación de signos clínicos, de laboratorio y de imagen fueron fundamentales para el diagnóstico y diferenciarlo de las otras enfermedades inflamatorias, así mismo destacamos el manejo que se dio a la enfermedad de Crohn perianal puesto que es una variante que predice mal pronóstico y de difícil tratamiento.
 
Palabras clave: enfermedad de Crohn, fístulas, complicaciones, perianal.
Los primeros 1000 días de vida: caracterización de la desnutrición infantil en Tungurahua
Authors: Rivera Jairo
Published: September 2023

Los primeros 1000 días de vida constituyen una ventana de oportunidad única para combatir la desnutrición crónica infantil. Este estudio examina la evolución de los determinantes de la desnutrición infantil hasta los dos años de edad en la provincia de Tungurahua. Para ello, se utiliza un método cuantitativo, mediante regresiones probabilísticas, y un modelo de pooling data. Los principales resultados indican que Tungurahua presenta prevalencias de desnutrición crónica infantil superiores al promedio nacional, con un incremento en el tiempo, asociado con determinantes sociales.
Manejo anestésico libre de opioides en el perioperatorio. Revisión Bibliográfica
Authors: Novillo Méndez Roque Geovanny
Published: September 2023

La anestesia libre de opioides (OFA, por sus siglas en inglés de “opioid-free anesthesia”) es una técnica usada en cirugía para evitar los efectos secundarios de los opioides, como son la incidencia de dolor crónico posoperatorio, tolerancia hemodinámica y efectos adversos graves relacionados con los mismos. La OFA es un método que evita el uso de opioides antes y durante la operación hasta que el paciente se despierte, y en la actualidad se usa para muchos procedimientos quirúrgicos. La OFA se puede lograr combinando la anestesia locorregional con dosis bajas de opioides o mediante la administración intravenosa de fármacos no opioides para bloquear el estrés quirúrgico y las reacciones simpáticas. En una comparación de la anestesia sin opioides (OFA) con la anestesia basada en opioides (OBA) no se mostró beneficios clínicamente significativos en términos de dolor y uso de opioides después de la cirugía, pero sí mostró un claro beneficio en la reducción de las náuseas, escalofríos y los vómitos posoperatorios.
Manejo Endodóntico de un primer premolar superior con tres raíces. Caso Clínico.
Authors: Hidalgo Moya Viviana Marcela
Published: September 2023

Diversos autores mencionan la importancia del conocimiento anatómico interno de cada pieza dental al momento de ser tratado endodónticamente, es por ello que se debe tomar en consideración estas variaciones, especialmente en premolares superiores, ya que la presencia de tres raíces y tres conductos totalmente separados solo tiene una incidencia del 0 al 6%, siendo este porcentaje tan bajo que hace que la presencia de este caso sea del todo impredecible. A continuación, se reporta el manejo endodóntico de una pieza #14 con la presencia de tres conductos y tres raíces realizado en la ciudad de Quito-Ecuador.
Percepción epistémica de aprendizajes universitarios: una mirada a los fundamentos teóricos que soportan la evaluación
Authors: Hinojosa Núñez Miriam Liz
Published: September 2023

The epistemic perception of learning evaluation could become one of the biggest problems in the educational process, since the application of standardized written exams with mechanical memorization, instruments with little validity and reliability, and other traditional methods are used. For this reason, this research aims -through documentary analysis- to reflect on the theoretical foundations that support the evaluation of learning in the university system. Learning assessment strategies are perceived by teachers as a subjective relationship of power, lacking reliability that distorts social demands. Therefore, the use of learning assessment techniques that approximate the achievement of the required competencies, require an accompaniment of reflective, active and formative didactic-assessment modalities, such as: inverted classroom, rubrics of self-assessment of competencies and service-learning, so that in this way, the construction of knowledge and skills is self-regulated by the students themselves.
An Analysis of Speech Act in the Movie "Turning Red"
Authors: Diffani Hasyifa , Kholis Adhan
Published: September 2023

A movie consists of a dialogue between its characters. Both the speaker and the listener use many different kinds of utterances. In communication, we use utterances in action, also known as speech actions. This research aimed to determine the types of speech acts performed by the characters and determine the function of the speech acts performed by the characters in Turning Red's movie. A movie can deliver a message to the audience as one form of communication. It contains a variety of genres, making it an interesting topic to be a research. In this case, understanding speech act theory becomes essential for solving the issue. Speech acts are things that can be accomplished through speech. There are three types of speech acts: locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary. The movie has been chosen since it is a children's genre movie representative of Asian parenting style and leaves the deepest messages to children. The data were taken directly from the movie dialogue, focusing on the speech acts uttered by the characters and the context of the occurrence of the utterance. In collecting the data, the researchers transcribed the data comprehensively, which were analyzed using content analysis on the movie Turning Red. The researchers analyzed some illocutionary acts in the movie conversation. The data was divided into five types: directive, representative, declarative, commissive, and expressive. Teachers can create relevant and engaging learning experiences that build pragmatic competence and improve students' communicative skills by adding actual speech acts from movies into language lessons. It helps to understand how movies can be used as valuable instruments in English language teaching, especially in the development of language acquisition.
YouTube Transcripts Word Frequency Measure
Authors: Smith Vincent , Garrett Michael , Harwood Austin , Shamblin James
Published: September 2023

Many YouTube videos provide written audio transcripts which provide information on the language used on YouTube. One important measure relating to language usage is word frequency. Using student-developed software and libraries in R, Python, and Microsoft Excel, the transcripts of one million YouTube videos from the YouTube-8M data set were scraped and analyzed. The word frequency of the YouTube data set was shown to correlate with commonly used word frequency measures from established studies, such as the subtitle word frequency and the HAL word frequency.
电厂建设工程项目的施工进度管理与控制分析
Authors: 于 国辉
Published: September 2023

在电厂建设工程项目的开展过程中，进度管理是一项非常必要的工作，若该项工作的实施效果不佳将会极大地影响到工程质量和成本投入，工程项目无法在规定日期内投入使用，将会给电厂运营造成极为不利的影响，电力生产的持续性和稳定性也将难以得到保证。本文首先介绍了电厂建设工程进度管理的概念，随后对加强电厂建设工程项目进度管理的建议进行了分析，希望能对电厂建设工程项目的进度管理和控制有所帮助。
Misi Perdamaian dan Harmoni Semua Agama (Analisis Histori agama-agama samawi dalam Al-Quran)
Authors: Khoirul Ibad
Published: September 2023

Artikel ini  berjudul Misi perdamaian dan harmoni semua agama dengan focus terhadap kajian Analisis Histori agama-agama samawi dalam Al-Quran Penelitian ini merupakan kajian kepustakaan. Sesuai dengan masalah yang akan dibahas, penelitian ini akan di awali dengan menggali dan mengumpulkan berbagai informasi, dokumentasi, data-data melalui studi kepustakaan (liberary reseach). Penulis menerapkan metode tafsir maudhu’i (tematik), sebagai metode tafsir kontemporer yang cukup kuat serta fokus mengkaji sebuah tema dari al-Qur’an, dengan menggunakan pendekatan  filosofis, untuk menjelaskan inti, hakikat, atau hikmah mengenai suatu yang berada di balik objek. Tujuan  penelitiannya  berkaitan dengan mendeteksi misi perdamaian agama samawi dalam Al-Qur`an, Dari hasil penelitian ini setelah menguraikan penafsiran ayat-ayat Al-Qur`an terkait syari`at agama samawi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara historis, sepanjang peradaban umat manusia di dunia ini memiliki kecenderungan secara batin untuk menemukan Tuhan (beragama) dan mendekatkan diri kepada Tuhan serta melakukan kebaikan. Dan juga  bahwa tidak ada perbedaan antara Islam dengan agama-agama yang lain terkait dengan penghormatan terhadap kehidupan manusia. Semua agama menjunjung tinggi perdamaian dan hak-hak hidup setiap insan. Misi semua rasul kepada ummatnya ialah membawa keadilan dan kedamaian. tidak ada sama sekali agama yang mengajarkan radikalisme dan terorisme, dan sungguh salah menyandarkan radikalisme dan terorisme kepada ajaran agama tertentu.
Efektivitas Pola Komunikasi Kelompok Pengasuh Dalam Meningkatkan Kepercayaan Diri Anak Di Panti Asuhan Siti Aisyah Mandailing Natal
Authors: Husein Ahmad
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kepercayaan diri anak di Panti Asuhan Siti Aisyah Kabupaten Mandailing Natal, pola komunikasi kelompok pengasuh dalam meningkatkan kepercayaan diri anak di Panti Asuhan Siti Aisyah Kabupaten Mandailing Natal, hambatan penerapan pola komunikasi kelompok pengasuh dalam meningkatkan kepercayaan diri anak di Panti Asuhan Siti Aisyah Kabupaten Mandailing Natal. Adapun jenis metode penelitian skripsi ini dengan menggunakan kualitatif melalui pendekatan deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan sebuah informasi secara detail sesuai dengan kenyataan yang terjadi di lokasi penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data di peroleh melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dengan menggunakan data model Miles dan Hermawan yang meliputi pengumpulan data (data collection), reduksi data (data reduction), penyajian data (data display) dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi (conclusion drawing/verification). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Kepercayaan diri anak di Panti Asuhan Siti Aisyah Kabupaten Mandailing Natal lebih dominan negatif. (2) Pola komunikasi kelompok pengasuh dalam meningkatkan kepercayaan diri anak di Panti Asuhan Siti Aisyah Kabupaten Mandailing Natal yaitu pola komunikasi model lingkaran, model roda, model y, model rantai dan model bintang. Dari beberapa pola komunikasi kelompok tersebut, yang paling efektif digunakan dalam meningkatkan kepercayaan diri anak yaitu dengan menggunakan pola komunikasi kelompok model roda dan model bintang. (3) Hambatan dalam penerapan pola komunikasi kelompok pengasuh dalam meningkatkan kepercayaan diri anak di Panti Asuhan Siti Aisyah Kabupaten Mandailing Natal yaitu perbedaan persepsi, konflik antar pribadi dan kurangnya ketertampilan dalam berkomunikasi.
Konflik Sikap Orang Yang Kerasukan Setan: Menyembah Atau Menolak Kristus-Ilahi Berdasarkan Markus 5:7
Authors: Sinaga Dina Julyanti , Sinaga Janes , Sinambela Juita
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini membahas tentang konflik sikap yang dialami oleh individu yang mengalami kerasukan setan, terutama dalam konteks menyembah atau menolak Kristus-Ilahi. Kuasa roh-roh jahat ada disekeliling umat manusia untuk menjauhkan umat-Nya dari percaya kepada Allah, namu Allah menunjukan bahwa Ia lebih berkuasa yang sanggup menaklukkan setiap kuasa kegelapan. Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisis naratif pada bagian Alkitab dari Markus 5, di mana seorang pria kerasukan setan berhadapan langsung dengan Yesus Kristus. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis teks Alkitab dan pendekatan kualitatif dalam menginterpretasi narasi yang ada. Data dikumpulkan dari teks Alkitab Markus 5 dan kajian literatur lainnya, dengan fokus pada karakteristik dan tindakan individu yang kerasukan setan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konflik sikap dalam cerita Markus 5 mencerminkan perjuangan internal yang mendalam antara kekuatan spiritual yang bertentangan. Di satu sisi, sikap individu yang kerasukan setan cenderung berupaya untuk menyembah Kristus-Ilahi, yang menunjukkan adanya keinginan untuk dibebaskan dari pengaruh jahat setan. Di sisi lain, terdapat sikap menolak Kristus-Ilahi yang berasal dari kekuatan setan yang berusaha untuk mempertahankan dominasinya atas individu tersebut dan masyarakat sekitar.
Urgensi Layanan Bimbingan Konseling dalam Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Miftahul Huda  , Maryam Luailik
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The importance of Guidance and Counseling in Islamic boarding schools is a discourse study that discusses how the role of counseling can be utilized in the Islamic boarding school environment. Moreover, the problem of Islamic boarding schools related to individual students is very complex and varied. The purpose of this study is to find out how important the role of Counseling is in Islamic boarding schools. The method used in this research is qualitative with a library research approach (literature research). Literature research is carried out by collecting information through the literature, then recording and processing the data that has been obtained. The results of this study found that. Indeed, the role of Guidance and Counseling is very much needed in Islamic Boarding Schools. As an individual who is portrayed and becomes the personal role of the santri, namely Kyai. There needs to be a counselor as a guide and a friend to discuss complaints about problems at Islamic boarding schools.

Abstrak

Pentignya Bimbingan dan Konseling dalam pesantren merupakan sebuah kajian diskursus yang membahas bagaimana peran Konseling dapat di manfaatkan dalam lingkungan pesantren. Apalagi problem pesantren terkait individual santri sangat komplek dan beragam. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui seberapa penting peran Bimbingan Konseling dalam pesantren. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah kualitatif dengan pendekatan library research (penelitian literatur). Penelitian literatur dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan informasi melalui pustaka, kemudian mencatat dan mengolah data yang sudah didapatkan. Hasil penelitian ini di temkan bahwa. Memang peran Bimbingan dan Konseling sangat di perlukan dalam Pesantren. Sebagai individual yang di tokohkan dan menjadi role pribadi santri yaitu Kyai. Perlu ada Konselor sebagai pengarah dan teman berdiskusi permasalahan keluh kesah di Pesantren.
Komparasi Teori Konseling kelompok Realitas Corey dan Konseling kelompok Adlerian
Authors: Permadi Wahyu
Published: September 2023

Bahwa konseling adalah suatu bentuk hubungan tolong-menolong, arti pendampingan itu sendiri adalah sebagai usaha untuk membantu orang lain agar mereka berkemampuan berkembang menjadi bentuk yang mereka pilih sendiri, mampu menghadapi krisis yang dialami dalam kehidupannya. Konseling kelompok Realitas Corey dan Konseling kelompok Adler Metode dalam penelitian ini yakni pendekatan kualitatif, dengan desain penelitian ini adalah kajian pustaka. Selanjutnya setelah data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan teknik content analysis Hasil penelitian menunjukan 1) Konseling realitas adalah bentuk terapi yang diarahkan pada perilaku saat ini dan konseling adalah proses realitas pikiran. Konseli diarahkan untuk memupuk tanggung jawab bagi dirinya sendiri. 2) Dalam melakukan pendekatan konseling yang dicetuskan oleh Adler, ialah bagian terpenting yang perlu dirubah untuk membantu individu dari permasalahan. 3) perbedaan konseling kelompok dua tokoh terletak konseling realitas adalah bentuk terapi yang dipusatkan pada perilaku saat ini dan konseling realitas adalah proses yang rasional, sedangkan kelompok pendekatan Adlerian tekanan efektifitas keterkaitan kerjasama antara konselor dan konseli dalam membangun tujuan konseling di samping sikap saling terbuka dan rasa rasa hormat. pembahasan sari penelitian ini sama-sama fokus terapi untuk memecah masalah dalam peserta didik 3) perbedaan konseling kelompok dua tokoh terletak konseling realitas adalah bentuk terapi yang dipusatkan pada perilaku saat ini dan konseling realitas adalah proses yang rasional, sedangkan kelompok pendekatan Adlerian tekanan efektifitas keterkaitan kerjasama antara konselor dan konseli dalam membangun tujuan konseling di samping sikap saling terbuka dan rasa rasa hormat. pembahasan sari penelitian ini sama-sama fokus terapi untuk memecah masalah dalam peserta didik 3) perbedaan konseling kelompok dua tokoh terletak konseling realitas adalah bentuk terapi yang dipusatkan pada perilaku saat ini dan konseling realitas adalah proses yang rasional, sedangkan kelompok pendekatan Adlerian tekanan efektifitas keterkaitan kerjasama antara konselor dan konseli dalam membangun tujuan konseling di samping sikap saling terbuka dan rasa rasa hormat. pembahasan sari penelitian ini sama-sama fokus terapi untuk memecah masalah dalam peserta didik
Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Extracts from Dry Leaves and Ash-Dry Leaves of Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem Cultivated in Vietnam
Authors: Sirisa-Ard Panee , Pholsonklam Kiatisak , Xuyen Dinh Thi , Hang Dinh Thi Dieu , Chinh Vu Dinh , Kim Lê Thiên , Da Cruz Zito Viegas, , Sorncharoen Pacharamon , Nithikathkul Choosak
Published: September 2023

Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem was traditionally used to treat stomachaches, as antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant, particularly for atherosclerosis therapy, as a suppository to cure constipation and spleenopathy, as an anthelmintic, carminative, emmenagogue, galactagogue, and as an antiseptic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study the chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of an extract from dry leaves (LuL) compared to ash-dry leaves (LuA) of Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem.

Our results showed the physical-chemical and phytochemical properties, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity and the metal ion content of both extracts. The comparison between the extract from dry leaves (LuL) and ash-dry leaves (LuA) of Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem, showed difference in quantitative phytochemical determination of cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. This finding may be related to the LuA sample being burned out incompletely into ash. Furthermore, this study showed that the activity of extracts from dry leaves (LuL) and ash-dry leaves (LuA) contained both bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects. The antioxidant properties observed may be related to , the flavonoids content. The presence of metal ions in both extracts, which may contribute to the known wound healing effects, deserves further study.
Formation of Ethers by Miscellaneous Reactions
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Kesharwani Tanay
Published: September 2023

This article has no abstract.
Alcohol Transposition
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Worlikar Shilpa A.
Published: September 2023

This article has no abstract.
Formation of Alcohols and Phenols by Substitution
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Worlikar Shilpa A.
Published: September 2023

Hydrogen Substitution

Halide and Sulfonate Substitution

Cyclic Sulfite, Sulfate, and Thiocarbonate Substitution

Nitrogen Substitution

Ester and Nitrile Substitution
Formation of Aldehydes and Ketones from Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium Reagents
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Dubrovskiy Anton V. , Markina Nataliya A.
Published: September 2023

Sulfur Acetals

Sulfoxides and α‐Thiosulfoxides

α‐Substituted Sulfones

Thiocarbamates

Thioesters

Vinylic and Allylic Sulfides and Selenides

Miscellaneous Reactions
Formation of Aldehydes and Ketones from Heterocycles
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Dubrovskiy Anton V. , Markina Nataliya A.
Published: September 2023

Pyrylium Salts

1,3‐Dioxanes

3,6‐Dihydro‐2H‐1,2‐oxazines, 5,6‐Dihydro‐4H‐1,2‐oxazines, and 5,6‐Dihydro‐4H‐1,3‐oxazines

4,5‐Dihydrooxazoles

4,5‐Dihydroisoxazoles and Isoxazoles

4,5‐Dihydro‐1H‐imidazoles

Benzotriazoles

4,5‐Dihydrothiazoles

Thiazoles

Benzothiazoles

1,3‐Oxathiolane‐3,3‐dioxides

1,3‐Benzooxathiolium Salts

Benzimidazolium Salts
Recent Advances in Moiré Superlattice Systems by Angle‐Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
Authors: Li Yiwei , Wan Qiang , Xu Nan
Published: September 2023

The last decade has witnessed a flourish in 2D materials including graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) as atomic‐scale Legos. Artificial moiré superlattices via stacking 2D materials with a twist angle and/or a lattice mismatch have recently become a fertile playground exhibiting a plethora of emergent properties beyond their building blocks. These rich quantum phenomena stem from their nontrivial electronic structures that are effectively tuned by the moiré periodicity. Modern angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) can directly visualize electronic structures with decent momentum, energy, and spatial resolution, thus can provide enlightening insights into fundamental physics in moiré superlattice systems and guides for designing novel devices. In this review, first, a brief introduction is given on advanced ARPES techniques and basic ideas of band structures in a moiré superlattice system. Then ARPES research results of various moiré superlattice systems are highlighted, including graphene on substrates with small lattice mismatches, twisted graphene/TMD moiré systems, and high‐order moiré superlattice systems. Finally, it discusses important questions that remain open, challenges in current experimental investigations, and presents an outlook on this field of research.
Overcoming Barriers Associated with Oral Delivery of Differently Sized Fluorescent Core‐Shell Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Erstling Jacob A. , Bag Nirmalya , Gardinier Thomas C. , Kohle Ferdinand F. E. , DomNwachukwu Naedum , Butler Scott D. , Kao Teresa , Ma Kai , Turker Melik Z. , Feuer Grant B. , Lee Rachel , Naguib Nada , Tallman James F. , Malarkey Henry F. , Tsaur Lieihn , Moore William L. , Chapman Dana V. , Aubert Tangi , Mehta Saurabh , Cerione Richard A. , Weiss Robert S. , Baird Barbara A. , Wiesner Ulrich B.
Published: September 2023

Oral delivery, while a highly desirable form of nanoparticle‐drug administration, is limited by challenges associated with overcoming several biological barriers. Here, the authors study how fluorescent and poly(ethylene glycol)‐coated (PEGylated) core‐shell silica nanoparticles sized 5 to 50 nm interact with major barriers including intestinal mucus, intestinal epithelium, and stomach acid. From imaging fluorescence correlation spectroscopy studies using quasi‐total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, diffusion of nanoparticles through highly scattering mucus is progressively hindered above a critical hydrodynamic size around 20 nm. By studying Caco‐2 cell monolayers mimicking the intestinal epithelia, it is observed that ultrasmall nanoparticles below 10 nm diameter (Cornell prime dots, [C’ dots]) show permeabilities correlated with high absorption in humans from primarily enhanced passive passage through tight junctions. Particles above 20 nm diameter exclusively show active transport through cells. After establishing C’ dot stability in artificial gastric juice, in vivo oral gavage experiments in mice demonstrate successful passage through the body followed by renal clearance without protein corona formation. Results suggest C’ dots as viable candidates for oral administration to patients with a proven pathway towards clinical translation and may generate renewed interest in examining silica as a food additive and its effects on nutrition and health.