bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary Sodium Consumption and 3-Year Progression of Subclinical Arterial Damage in Adults with Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Basdeki Eirini D. , Karatzi Kalliopi , Manios Yannis , Sfikakis Petros P. , Argyris Antonios A. , Protogerou Athanase D.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Available data regarding associations between sodium (Na) intake and biomarkers of subclinical arterial damage (SAD) are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the possible associations between Na intake and the 3-year progression of SAD in subjects with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Methods: Participants underwent CVD risk assessment, vascular assessment [arterial stiffness by pulse wave velocity (PWV), and atheromatosis, as the existence of carotid and/or femoral plaques], anthropometric measurements [at baseline and 3-year follow-up (FU)], and dietary assessment at FU. Results: A total of 675 adults (47.9% males, 55.02 ± 13.79 years) were included. Na daily consumption quartiles (Qs) ranged from very low consumption in Q1 (811.72 ± 241.81 mg) up to twice the recommendations in Q4 (3487.92 ± 1025.92 mg). No statistically significant associations were observed between Na intake and changes in SAD biomarkers, after adjustment for age, sex, presence of hypertension, presence of dyslipidemia, smoking, mean arterial pressure, BMI, chronic inflammatory diseases, and energy intake. The results remained the same, even after the assessment of misreporting and the correction of Na intake. Conclusions: Dietary Na intake was not significantly associated with changes in PWV and carotid or femoral plaques, even in the high Q that was twice as high as the recommended intake. Research in different additional adult cohorts is needed to further investigate whether Na consumption independently affects vascular health.
The Effects of Combined Scutellaria and Saffron Supplementation on Mood Regulation in Participants with Mild-to-Moderate Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Dormal Valérie , Suchareau Marlène , Copine Sylvie , Simar Laurent , Deldicque Louise
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The global prevalence of mental health disorders, particularly anxiety and depression, has increased significantly, with rates further elevated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Conventional pharmacological treatments, while effective, often lead to side effects that can impact patient adherence and quality of life. This has driven interest in safer, natural adjunctive therapies. Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae) (saffron) and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae) (scutellaria) have individually shown potential, in humans and animals, respectively, as mood regulators, with bioactive compounds that modulate neurotransmitter systems and possess anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic effects. This study aimed (1) to explore the efficacy and safety of scutellaria extracts in humans and (2) to test a possible synergistic effect when combining scutellaria and saffron on mood regulation in individuals experiencing mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 180 participants with mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms were assigned to receive either scutellaria extract alone (SCUTELL’UP®), saffron extract alone (SAFFR’ACTIV®), a combination of scutellaria and saffron extracts (SAFFR’UP®), or a placebo for six weeks. The primary outcome was assessed using a standardized depression scale (Beck Depression Inventory). The secondary outcomes, including anxiety, emotional state, well-being level, and sleep quality, were all assessed using validated questionnaires. Safety and tolerability were evaluated throughout the study period. Results: The results confirmed the beneficial effects of saffron extract on depressive and anxious symptoms, as well as its role in improving sleep quality. For the first time in humans, scutellaria extract demonstrated a positive effect on mood regulation. Furthermore, a synergistic effect of the combination of these two extracts was identified, leading to enhanced improvements in depressive and anxious symptoms and emotional well-being among individuals with mild-to-moderate depression, compared to the placebo group. Minimal adverse effects were reported across all treatment groups. Conclusions: This natural adjunctive nutritional strategy offers a promising alternative for individuals seeking safer options for mental health support. Further research is warranted to exclude potential long-term side effects and to explore potential mechanisms of this combined supplementation.
Synthesis, Anti-Inflammatory, and Molecular Docking Studies of New Heterocyclic Derivatives Comprising Pyrazole, Pyridine, and/or Pyran Moieties
Authors: Reheim Mohamed A. M. Abdel , Rady Hend S. Abdel , Mohamed Omnia A. , Hassan Abdelfattah , Hafiz Ibrahim S. Abdel , Reffat Hala M. , Elsaid Fahmy Gad , Eldesoqui Mamdouh , Alshaya Dalal Sulaiman , Badawy Abdelnaser A. , Fayad Eman , Abdelmonsef Aboubakr H.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a potential strategy in inflammation therapy. Thus, developing COX-2 inhibitors plays a pivotal role in efficient inflammation treatment. This study discloses the synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds incorporating pyridine, pyran, and/or pyrazole moieties as COX-2 inhibitors. Methods: In this study, the Claisen–Schmidt reaction of 1-(5-hydroxy-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethan-1-one 1 and p-methoxybenzaldehyde in ethanol containing aqueous sodium hydroxide (10%) led to the formation of 1-(5-hydroxy-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one) 2. The latter compound was allowed to react as a key precursor with various nucleophiles such as ethyl cyanoacetate, malononitrile, cyclohexanone, ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine, cyano acid hydrazide, hydrazide, and/or thiosemicarbazide to yield new heterocyclic derivatives comprising pyridine, pyran, and/or pyrazole moieties 3–15, according to the Michael addition reaction. The newly synthesized compounds were depicted using spectroscopic techniques such as IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and MS. Moreover, their anti-inflammatory efficiency was in vitro evaluated by means of protein denaturation inhibition and cell membrane protection assay. Results: The results of 2−ΔΔct values of COX-2 expression for compounds 6, 11, 12, and 13 were 6.6, 2.9, 25.8, and 10.1, respectively. Therefore, compound 12, followed by 13, 11, and 6, showed potent anti-inflammatory properties by in vitro evaluation. Further, an in silico molecular docking study was performed on the best-docked compounds and reference drug (Diclofenac) to investigate their binding affinities against the active site of the target enzyme. The obtained results from the in silico study aligned with the biological evaluation. Conclusions: The studies open new doors for designing new heterocycles containing pyridine, pyran, and/or pyrazole moieties as potent anti-inflammatory agents.
Harnessing Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy for the Inline Monitoring of up to 100 L Vinyl Acetate—Versa® 10 Polymerization: Insights into Dispersion Dynamics and Mixing
Authors: Schlappa Stephanie , Pauer Werner , Reich Oliver , Münzberg Marvin
Published: February 2025

Photon Density Wave (PDW) spectroscopy is used as process analytical technology (PAT) in three batch sizes, 1 L, 10 L and 100 L, of polyvinyl acetate—neodecanoic acid vinyl ester (Versa® 10) copolymerization. The effects on particle formation and growth are comparably analyzed. The data show comparability across scales up to a polymer volume fraction of around 0.15. Deviations beyond this suggest differences in particle growth dynamics. A detailed analysis of the dispersion dynamics and mixing properties provides an enhanced understanding compared to previous studies. Furthermore, the PDW spectroscopy data suggest inhomogeneity due to insufficient mixing at the beginning of the syntheses, despite very low feed-rates of the monomer mixture. PDW spectroscopy is thus capable of monitoring deviations in syntheses at different reaction volumes in real-time. These findings underline the potential of PDW spectroscopy not only for monitoring synthesis but also for enabling inhomogeneity analysis as a new application area. The integration of offline conversion and particle size measurements emphasizes the critical role of mixing efficiency in achieving optimal polymer dispersion properties and final product quality.
Reconsidering the Value of Multi-Religious Spaces Based on the Notion of Religious Cultural Heritage: Beyond a Purely Symbolic or Entirely Utilitarian Function
Authors: Fabretti Valeria
Published: February 2025

Sociological research increasingly examines the diversity of cultural and religious resources that various community groups contribute to urban spaces and the public sphere. A key focus within this field is the reinterpretation of shared religious and spiritual spaces as part of the tangible and intangible religious cultural heritage. Adopting a spatial perspective, this analysis focuses on the specific case of top-down multi-religious places. Through an exploration of representative examples, this article investigates the different typologies of these places—from complexes that host distinct spaces for different faiths or religions to interfaith chapels and prayer and meditation rooms located in non-religious settings—using the framework of religious cultural heritage. The central conceptual bases of this framework—namely, the historical and memorial value, aesthetic considerations, sacredness and social function—are discussed in terms of their partial and complex association with the qualities of these unconventional spaces. This article suggests that the significance of multi-religious places from the perspective of religious cultural heritage is greater when these places do not serve merely a symbolic function or a purely pragmatic one. This article emphasizes the significance of spatial elements shaped by architectural design and construction choices, which can play a crucial role in integrating multi-religious spaces into the collective memory and foster appreciation for unique forms of sacred beauty.
Addressing a Sibling Rivalry: In Seeking Effective Christian–Muslim Relations, to What Extent Can Comparative Theology Contribute? An Evangelical Christian Perspective
Authors: Hadden Joy S.
Published: February 2025

There is a long and complex history of Christian–Muslim engagement, one which is fraught by socio-political tensions and complicated by fear. Theological tensions likewise contribute to the sibling rivalry between these Abrahamic faiths. Accounting for fundamental theological differences between Islam and Christianity, and noting a potential dichotomy between apologetic-style and interfaith engagement, this article contends that effective Christian–Muslim relations must navigate both opposing truth claims and efforts to seek peace. Consequently, comparative theology is critically evaluated, from an evangelical Christian perspective, as a potential mediating approach. In considering the complex relationship between comparative theology and theology of religion, and indeed, between theology and ‘people of faith’, recommendations are formulated with a view to contributing to effective Christian–Muslim relations. The overall aim of this research therefore is to explore approaches to developing more effective Christian–Muslim relations, with a specific focus on comparative theology. While motivated by and accounting for a personal Christian–Muslim sibling relationship, the research method predominantly references academic literature, with sections structured by an amended version of Osmer’s four-task model of practical theology. Findings from this research discern that comparative theology is not quite the mediating approach sought; however, its potential contribution towards a ‘hybrid approach’ is explored. The implications of this article seek to encourage orthodox Muslims and evangelical Christians to engage in comparative exchanges that employ a balanced and in-depth approach to understanding our respective faiths. Finally, this article emerges from within the UK; therefore, discussions presented may be differently received by evangelical Christians operating out of divergent biographical contexts.
Nutrient Management Under Good Agricultural Practices for Sustainable Cassava Production in Northeastern Thailand
Authors: Thompson Derrick Keith , Thepsilvisut Ornprapa , Imorachorn Phanawan , Boonkaen Saowakol , Chutimanukul Preuk , Somyong Suthasinee , Mhuantong Wuttichai , Ehara Hiroshi
Published: February 2025

Emphasis on sustainable cassava production is increasing, with aims to increase the net income of cassava farmers in an ecologically friendly way. This study examined the optimization of soil fertilizer management at two research locations (Nampong and Seungsang) in northeastern Thailand. The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with five replications. Eight different fertilizer management protocols consisted of (1) no fertilizer application (control), (2) the recommended dosage of chemical fertilizer (RDCF), (3) 3.12 t ha−1 of chicken manure (CM), (4) 937.5 L ha−1 of swine manure extract (SME), (5) CM + SME, (6) ½ RDCF + ½ CM, (7) ½ RDCF + ½ SME, and (8) CM + PGPR (stake soaking with PGPR solution). At the Nampong site, the application of CM + PGPR has the most potential for increasing the cassava yield in terms of the fresh tuber yield when compared with no fertilizer and RDCF applications. At the Seungsang site, the application of CM gave the high fresh tuber yield, without significant differences from RDCF applications. Furthermore, compared to the RDCF treatment, both soil fertilizer management protocols produced positive marginal rate of return values, showing clear potential for contributing to sustainable cassava production.
Surface-Imprinted Acrylamide Polymer-Based Reduced Graphene–Gold Sensor in Rapid and Sensitive Electrochemical Determination of αB-Conotoxin
Authors: Cao Jia , Li Jiayue , Yu Tianyang , Wang Fei
Published: February 2025

The quantitative determination of conotoxins has great potential in the development of natural marine peptide pharmaceuticals. Considering the time-consuming sample pretreatment and expensive equipment in MS or LC-MS/MS analysis, an electrochemical sensor combined with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is fabricated for the rapid monitoring of conotoxin αB-VxXXIVA to promote its pharmaceutical value and eliminate the risk of human poisoning. Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide–gold composite (rGO-Au) is modified with chitosan (CS) and glutaraldehyde (GA) to immobilize the macromolecular peptide, conotoxin αB-VxXXIVA. Subsequently, acrylamide (AAM) with a cross-linking agent, N,N′-methylene-bisacrylamide (NNMBA), is introduced into the rGO-Au electrode to form MIPs by electro-polymerization. The proposed MIP-based electrochemical sensor, PAM/αB-CTX/CS-GA/rGO-Au/SPE, exhibits satisfactory sensing performance in the detection of αB-VxXXIVA. Based on current change versus logarithm concentration, a wide linear range from 0.1 to 10,000 ng/mL and a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.014 ng/mL for this sensor are obtained. This work provides a promising method in electrochemical determination combined with MIP for the determination of macromolecular peptides.
Energy-Efficient Dynamic Workflow Scheduling in Cloud Environments Using Deep Learning
Authors: Chandrasiri Sunera , Meedeniya Dulani
Published: February 2025

Dynamic workflow scheduling in cloud environments is a challenging task due to task dependencies, fluctuating workloads, resource variability, and the need to balance makespan and energy consumption. This study presents a novel scheduling framework that integrates Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) with Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) using the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm to achieve multi-objective optimization, focusing on minimizing makespan and reducing energy consumption. By leveraging GNNs to model task dependencies within workflows, the framework enables adaptive and informed resource allocation. The agent was evaluated within a CloudSim-based simulation environment using synthetic datasets. Experimental results across benchmark datasets demonstrate the proposed framework’s effectiveness, achieving consistent improvements in makespan and energy consumption over traditional heuristic methods. The framework achieved a minimum makespan of 689.22 s against the second best of 800.72 s in moderate-sized datasets, reducing makespan significantly with improvements up to 13.92% over baseline methods such as HEFT, Min–Min, and Max–Min, while maintaining competitive energy consumption of 10,964.45 J. These findings highlight the potential of combining GNNs and DRL for dynamic task scheduling in cloud environments, effectively balancing multiple objectives.
DAHD-YOLO: A New High Robustness and Real-Time Method for Smoking Detection
Authors: Zhang Jianfei , Jiang Chengwei
Published: February 2025

Recent advancements in AI technologies have driven the extensive adoption of deep learning architectures for recognizing human behavioral patterns. However, the existing smoking behavior detection models based on object detection still have problems, including poor accuracy and insufficient real-time performance. Especially in complex environments, the existing models often struggle with erroneous detections and missed detections. In this paper, we introduce DAHD-YOLO, a model built upon the foundation of YOLOv8. We first designed the DBCA module to replace the bottleneck component in the backbone. The architecture integrates a diverse branch block and a contextual anchor mechanism, effectively improving the backbone network’s ability to extract features. Subsequently, at the end of the backbone, we introduce adaptive fine-grained channel attention (AFGCA) to effectively facilitate the fusion of both overarching patterns and localized details. We introduce the ECA-FPN, an improved version of the feature pyramid network, designed to refine the extraction of hierarchical information and enhance cross-scale feature interactions. The decoupled detection head is also updated via the reparameterization approach. The wise–powerful intersection over union (Wise-PIoU) is adopted as the new bounding box regression loss function, resulting in quicker convergence speed and improved detection outcomes. Our system achieves superior results compared to existing models using a self-constructed smoking detection dataset, reducing computational complexity by 23.20% while trimming the model parameters by 33.95%. Moreover, the mAP50 of our model has increased by 5.1% compared to the benchmark model, reaching 86.0%. Finally, we deploy the improved model on the RK3588. After optimizations such as quantization and multi-threading, the system achieves a detection rate of 50.2 fps, addressing practical application demands and facilitating the precise and instantaneous identification of smoking activities.
The Activity of the European Standardization Committee CEN/TC 346 Conservation of Cultural Heritage from 2004 to 2020
Authors: Fassina Vasco
Published: February 2025

The contribution aims to summarize the huge amount of work carried out by CEN TC 346, the European committee for standardization of cultural heritage, from its establishment in 2004 to the present. A specific European standardization activity in the field of cultural heritage conservation was proposed to ensure a shared, science-based approach in order to guarantee best practices, more effective planning and implementation, and obtaining the best results. The work program was initially based on five working groups which had the responsibility to manage a few standardization projects according to the human resources initially available. Over time, the work program was implemented thanks to the active contributions of European member countries. Notwithstanding, standards were developed according to a need-based approach; it is possible to individuate a certain coherence in their development, very similar to a matrix approach. As a consequence, eight topics were presented and discussed, and four of them were strictly related to the issues discussed in the general document related to the conservation process. The remaining topics dealt with building management for storage heritage collections, monitoring of archaeological deposits for preservation in situ, handling of movable objects and finally the procurement of conservation services and works. The potential direct impact on the environment and also benefits to the sustainability of cultural heritage have been taken into account for each standard proposed.
Catalysing Urban Sustainability Transitions Through Household Smart Technology Engagement
Authors: Ramli Hidayati , Azizi Zahirah Mokhtar , Thurairajah Niraj
Published: February 2025

Households account for 20–40% of carbon emissions in urban areas, making them critical to achieving urban sustainability. Integrating smart technologies in households offers a promising pathway to enhance energy efficiency, mitigate climate change, and support the transition from Smart Cities to Sustainable Smart Cities (SSCs). However, achieving this transition requires not only technological adoption but also behavioural shifts that influence energy consumption—a gap in existing studies. This study examines how household engagement with smart technologies impacts behavioural change and systemic sustainability transitions. Using the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) framework enriched with System Thinking through Causal Loop Diagrams (CLDs), qualitative data were collected via 11 household interviews exhibiting varying engagement levels. The findings revealed three household-regime dynamics: proactive households driving systemic change through innovation, moderately engaged households contributing to regime stability with financial incentives fostering gradual adoption, and resistant households reinforcing existing structures due to privacy concerns. By extending the MLP framework to incorporate behavioural and social dimensions, the study provided insights into how micro-level behaviours influence macro-level transitions, challenging techno-centric narratives. The findings underscore the need for policies that enhance awareness, address privacy concerns, and provide tailored incentives to catalyse smart technology adoption and energy efficiency, fostering a more inclusive and effective pathway toward sustainable urban futures.
Toward Sustainable Urban Development: Exploring the Polycentric Transition of Chinese Cities Through Nighttime Lights
Authors: Wang Yan , Liu Kai
Published: February 2025

Studying urban spatial structure (USS) is crucial for advancing sustainable urban development. This study examined the USS of 292 cities in China from 2007 to 2022 using nighttime lights and the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index. The determinants of USS were analyzed through a fixed-effects spatial Durbin model based on the theoretical framework of influencing factors. The findings revealed a nationwide trend toward a polycentric USS across various city types. Economic growth drove the transformation from a monocentric to a polycentric USS. Additionally, the development of postal infrastructure promoted a shift toward a polycentric USS. Transportation infrastructure, industrial structure, residential consumption level, and government intervention were pivotal in shaping a monocentric USS. Regarding spatial spillover effects, transportation infrastructure, industrial structure, and economic growth fostered a polycentric tendency in neighboring cities, whereas government intervention reinforced a monocentric tendency.
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Traditional and New Sustainable Wind Blade Construction
Authors: Carallo Gloria Anna , Casa Marcello , Kelly Conor , Alsaadi Mohamad
Published: February 2025

The introduction of renewable energy sources (RESs) in the electricity grid mix is essential for a greener world. Wind offshore energy, known for its high flexibility and social acceptance, plays a significant role in this transition. However, the disposal of non-recyclable epoxy–GFRP wind blades produced and installed in the 1990s and 2000s poses environmental challenges. This study explores the development of a novel wind blade using sustainable materials, aiming to enhance eco-friendliness. A comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) highlights the environmental benefits of replacing epoxy with a thermoplastic recyclable resin in GFRP blades. The findings demonstrate a substantial reduction in environmental footprint, with a 30% decrease in climate change impact, a 97% reduction in freshwater ecotoxicity and a 95% reduction in marine eutrophication. It is evident from the LCA that the replacement of epoxy with a thermoplastic recyclable resin in a GFRP blade substantially reduces its environmental footprint and significantly contributes to the circular economy of RESs.
Remediation Geology and Process-Based Conceptual Site Models to Optimize Groundwater Remediation
Authors: Cramer Richard , Parker Beth L. , Stapleton James Mark
Published: February 2025

The Environmental Consulting Industry in the United States has historically prioritized engineering approaches over geologic science in addressing groundwater contamination. This engineering-centric bias has often resulted in oversimplified conceptual site models (CSMs) that fail to capture subsurface heterogeneity, limiting the effectiveness of groundwater remediation strategies. Recognizing the critical role of geology, the industry is increasingly adopting a Remediation Geology approach, which emphasizes the development of robust geologic models as the foundation for remediation programs. Geologic models optimize site lithologic data to define subsurface permeability architecture. The geologic model primarily serves as the structure to develop a Process-Based CSM, which is a holistic model that supports the entire remediation life cycle. A Process-Based CSM addresses the physical, chemical, and biological processes governing contaminant occurrence with the goal of modeling and predicting subsurface conditions for improved decision making with respect to monitoring programs and remediation design. Case studies highlight the transformative impact of Remediation Geology and Process-Based CSMs, demonstrating significant improvements in cleanup efficiency and resource optimization across diverse hydrogeologic settings. By addressing site complexities such as fine-grained units and fracture networks, Remediation Geology and Process-Based CSMs have proven effective for contaminants ranging from chlorinated solvents to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and radionuclides.
Study on Ecological Water Replenishment Calculation and Intelligent Pump Station Scheduling for Non-Perennial Rivers
Authors: Tang Zuohuai , Chu Junying , Zhou Zuhao , Zhang Yunfu , Zhou Tianhong , Yuan Kangqi , Ma Mingyue , Wang Ying
Published: February 2025

The Haidian District was, historically, rich in water resources. However, with urban development, the groundwater levels have declined, and most rivers have lost their ecological baseflows. To restore the aquatic ecosystems, the district has implemented a cyclic water network and advanced water replenishment projects. Nonetheless, the existing replenishment strategies face challenges, such as an insufficient scientific basis, lack of data, and high energy consumption. There is an urgent need to develop a scientifically robust ecological water replenishment system and optimize pump station scheduling to enhance water resource management efficiency. This study addresses the ecological water replenishment needs of seasonal rivers by integrating the Literature method, Rainfall-Runoff method, and R2cross method to develop a comprehensive approach for calculating the ecological flow and water depth. The proposed method simultaneously meets the ecological functionality and landscape requirements of seasonal rivers. Additionally, the SWMM model is employed to design intelligent pump station scheduling rules, optimizing the replenishment efficiency and energy consumption. Through field measurements and data collection, the ecological water demands of the river channels in different areas are assessed. Using a hydrodynamic model, the dynamic variations in the ecological flow and water depth are simulated. For the Cuihu, Daoxianghu, and Yongfeng areas, this study reveals that the current replenishment volume is insufficient to meet the landscape and ecological needs of the rivers. Most rivers require a 20–30% increase in water levels, with the Dazhai qu needing a substantial rise from 0.17 m to 0.3 m, representing an increase of 76%. Additionally, the results demonstrate that intelligent pump station scheduling can significantly reduce operating costs and energy consumption by dynamically adjusting the replenishment timing and flow rates. This approach optimizes the intervals between equipment activation and deactivation, thereby balancing ecological and energy-saving goals. This research not only provides technical support for the precise calculation of ecological replenishment volumes and the intelligent management of pump stations, but also offers scientific references for water resource management in similar regions. The findings will enhance the ecological functions and landscape quality of the rivers in the Haidian District while promoting refined and intelligent regional water resource management. Moreover, this study presents innovative solutions and theoretical foundations for water resource regulation under the backdrop of climate change.
Construction of a New Bivariate Mixture Lindley Power Function Distribution with Functional Shape Parameter Utilizing Non-Identical Distributions via Conditional Approach
Authors: Ali Arfa , Ismail Muhammad , Farooq Muhammad
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a new bivariate mixture Lindley power function (BMLPF) distribution that employs a conditional approach with non-identical asymmetric distributions, distinguishing itself by the incorporation of a functional shape parameter. Various structural properties of bivariate distribution are presented, including explicit marginals, cumulative distribution function (CDF), product moments, correlation coefficients, conditional densities, moment generating functions, conditional mean, and variances. The parameters of the proposed distribution are evaluated using the maximum likelihood estimation method. To assess the effectiveness of this estimation approach, an extensive simulation study is carried out. The analysis quantifies these point estimators with their standard errors, RMSE, LCL, and UCL. This research significantly contributes to the development and application of bivariate distributions particularly in modeling and analyzing various types of data.
Lentinan Alleviated PM2.5 Exposure-Induced Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Pulmonary Epithelial Cells by Inhibiting the GARP/TGF-β/Smad Pathway
Authors: Wang Zhi , Xu Shiqing , Bian Bohao , Hu Zhida , Wu Feiyang , Zhao Siqi , Wang Xiaohui , Wang Li , Ma Teng
Published: February 2025

PM2.5 (fine particulate matter) is an air pollutant widely present in urban and industrial areas, which has emerged as a significant threat to human health. Specifically, long-term exposure to PM2.5 could lead to various lung diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The Glycoprotein A Repetitions Predominant (GARP) protein, a key receptor and regulator for TGF-β1, has recently emerged as a vital cytokine in PM2.5-induced pulmonary pathological changes. As a membrane glycoprotein, GARP binds to TGF-β, keeping it in an active state. Herein, PM2.5 treatment upregulated GARP and promoted Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) via TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway activation. Conversely, lentinan (a shiitake mushroom-derived polysaccharide) effectively reversed the PM2.5-induced GARP upregulation, alleviating EMT. This study elucidates the role of GARP in PM2.5-induced EMT through the TGF-β/SMAD pathway in pulmonary epithelial cells and discusses the therapeutic potential of lentinan.
The Elias University Hospital Approach: A Visual Guide to Ultrasound-Guided Botulinum Toxin Injection in Spasticity: Part I—Distal Upper Limb Muscles
Authors: Popescu Marius Nicolae , Căpeț Claudiu , Beiu Cristina , Berteanu Mihai
Published: February 2025

Post-stroke spasticity significantly impairs upper limb function and quality of life. Ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) injections have become a cornerstone of management, enhancing precision and safety. This paper offers a comprehensive guide for clinicians on ultrasound-guided BoNT-A injections for distal upper limb muscles. Each muscle is detailed in terms of its role in spasticity management, ultrasound identification with key anatomical landmarks, clinical relevance, and injection strategies. Motor points, traditionally identified through anatomical studies or electromyography (EMG), are precisely localized using a musculoskeletal ultrasound by targeting the point of maximum muscle thickness, often corresponding to the motor point. The authors present their clinical method, developed at Elias University Hospital (EUH), to refine BoNT-A injection practices. This approach enhances efficacy, reduces dosage requirements, and improves patient outcomes. The paper also explores unique ultrasound characteristics of spastic muscles, such as their relationship with peripheral nerves, adjacent vascular and muscular structures, and intra- and intermuscular fascia, to guide clinicians in targeting functional muscle tissue. This guide is illustrated with representative ultrasound images and clinical diagrams and provides practical insights into anatomical relationships and injection techniques. Part I focuses on distal upper limb muscles, with Part II addressing proximal upper limb muscles.
Correction: Yu et al. Characterization of Two Novel Single-Stranded RNA Viruses from Agroathelia rolfsii, the Causal Agent of Peanut Stem Rot. Viruses 2024, 16, 854
Authors: Yu Dongyang , Wang Qianqian , Song Wanduo , Kang Yanping , Lei Yong , Wang Zhihui , Chen Yuning , Huai Dongxin , Wang Xin , Liao Boshou , Yan Liying
Published: February 2025

In the original publication [...]
The Natural History of Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Disease in the Era of Curative Therapy with Direct-Acting Antivirals
Authors: Brunetto Maurizia Rossana , Bonino Ferruccio
Published: February 2025

The availability of highly effective direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) that cure individuals infected with HCV has changed completely the natural history of HCV infection and chronic hepatitis C. In sustained responders to DAAs, the most common clinical-pathologic outcome has become liver disease regression, cirrhosis re-compensation, and the de-listing of transplant candidates. However, careful scrutiny of liver disease cofactors and outcome predictors in treated patients is mandatory for an appropriate personalized surveillance of the residual risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Since successful treatment with DAAs does not confer protective immunity against HCV reinfection, an effective vaccine is critically needed to control HCV infection. Meanwhile, it is mandatory to enhance universal access to DAAs, to test asymptomatic high-risk groups who are the main source of transmission, and to screen people who inject drugs (PWID), men who have sex with men (MSM), and sex workers, and to assure safe medical procedures with the provision of disposable needle and syringes.
On the origin of gingival crevicular fluid
Authors: Ippolitov Yu. A. , Seredin P. V. , Goloshchapov D. L. , Ippolitov I. Yu. , Berkovich M. V. , Folomeeva D. M.
Published: February 2025

Relevance. Limited scientific literature exists on the compositional relationship between dentinal fluid and gingival crevicular fluid, as well as their potential interaction. Objective. This study aims to determine the origin of gingival crevicular fluid, compare its composition with that of dentinal fluid and gingival capillary blood, and assess the potential for their interaction.

Materials and methods. This study analyzed three biological fluids: dentinal fluid, gingival crevicular fluid, and gingival capillary blood. A total of 35 volunteers participated in the study. The biological fluids were examined using an infrared microspectrometer at the Australian Synchrotron. Additionally, the microrelief of the enamel in extracted intact teeth, removed for orthodontic reasons, was assessed using a JEOL JSM-6380LV scanning electron microscope (Japan).

Results. Dentinal and gingival crevicular fluids exhibit a complex composition comparable to that of blood plasma. The findings reveal spectral modes unique to the infrared (IR) spectra of these fluids. Based on this evidence, it is hypothesized that dentinal fluid may infiltrate the gingival sulcus via dentinal and enamel tubules. During this passage, the fluid interacts with hydroxyapatite crystals, resulting in alkalization. Furthermore, the urea concentration in dentinal fluid is 2.3 times higher than in gingival crevicular fluid, which likely contributes to an increased urea concentration in gingival crevicular fluid diffusing from the gingival papilla.

Conclusion. Given the newly discovered potential for dentinal and gingival crevicular fluid mixing, we propose refining the terminology by replacing the term "gingival crevicular fluid" with " dentogingival fluid."
GENETIC ASPECTS OF CONSERVATION OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS OF NNP “PODILSKI TOVTRY” IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Liubynskyi O. , Lyubinska L. , Puchka O. , Yakubash R. , Yatsemirska N.
Published: February 2025

The article highlights modern theoretical, scientific and methodological aspects, relevant methodological approaches and tools, foreign and domestic experience of conservation, reproduction and use of forest genetic resources in the context of sustainable development. A basic component of the process of forest biodiversity conservation is the improvement of systematic assessment of genetic variability of forest ecosystems, in particular, conservation of genetic resources of forest tree species in situ and ex situ. It is established that the most valuable forests for forest conservation are virgin forests and similar quasi-virgin forests and natural forests, as well as old-growth forests of natural origin. The authors propose measures for the conservation and protection of forests, which should be implemented by the EU Member States, as well as by the private sector and citizens on a voluntary basis with the support of financial incentives. An important condition is to ensure sustainable management of forests to preserve their biodiversity and ecosystem services. In the context of the Podilski Tovtry NNP, the purpose of a highquality management plan for the World Heritage Site “Primeval Beech Forests and Ancient Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe” – “Satanivska Dacha” and its adjacent areas is to determine the tourism potential of the territory, prepare projects and programmes for the development of tourism, environmental and recreational infrastructure and involve local communities in this process.
ADAPTIVE CAPABILITIES OF CHILDREN OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS IN DISTANCE LEARNING UNDER MARTIAL LAW CONDITIONS
Authors: Komisova T. , Kharchenko L. , Osinsky M. , Koval A.
Published: February 2025

The study focuses on the adaptive capabilities of children in different age groups in the context of distance learning, which is particularly relevant in the era of globalization, digitalization, and the continuous modernization of educational technologies. In Ukraine, distance learning has become a necessary measure and a tool for ensuring the educational process during military conflicts. The primary drawback of the distance learning format is physical inactivity, which has become a common way of life for students. The consequences of physical inactivity primarily affect the state of the cardiovascular system, with its indicators reflect the reserves of the body’s adaptive capabilities. In the course of the study, the definition of adaptive potential and Robinson’s index were used as criteria for the adaptive capabilities of the cardiovascular system.A comparison of the adaptive potential of younger school-age children (middle childhood) and middle school-age children (adolescents) revealed a trend of decreasing adaptive capacity of the cardiovascular system with age. Among students aged 7–8 years old, 88% of boys and 90% of girls have a degree of adaptation, while in adolescents this figure decreases to 70% in boys and 80% in girls. Research has shown that most children, regardless of age group, have an average level of cardiovascular endurance according to the Robinson Index (in the range of 81-90), but its adaptation reserve is limited.An analysis of gender differences in adaptation revealed that girls in both age groups have higher cardiovascular endurance according to the Robinson Index compared to boys. Specifically, medium and high endurance levels were more frequently observed among girls, while a significant proportion of boys showed below-average endurance, particularly in high school (up to 40%). The results indicate that under distance learning conditions, the cardiovascular system in girls operates with sufficient functional (adaptive) reserves of the body, while in boys, optimal adaptive capacity is maintained through higher-than-normal levels of strain, leading to increased expenditure of the body’s functional reserves.
ANALYSIS BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT BEKUL FRUIT (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) AS A POTENTIAL NUTRACEUTICAL
Authors: Windayani Komang , Dirgahayu Paramasari , Febrinasari Ratih Puspita
Published: February 2025

Pemanfaatan bahan alami sebagai terapi diet atau nutrisi dalam mengobati atau mencegah suatu penyakit berkembang sangat pesat. Salah satu bahan alami yang memiliki potensi sebagai agen nutraceutical adalah buah bekul Bali (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Saat ini belum banyak bukti empiris terkait potensi nutraceutical yang terdapat pada buah bekul (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) varietas Bali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa bioaktif dan aktivitas antioksidan yang terdapat dalam ekstrak etanol buah bekul (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) varietas Bali. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu eksploratorik desain dengan sampel menggunakan buah bekul Bali (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penelitian dan Pengujian Terpadu (LPPT) Universitas Gajah Mada pada bulan April 2024. Proses ekstrasi menggunakan metode maserasi dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH. Penentuan kadar total flavonoid, fenolik dan saponin menggunakan metode spektrofotometer UV-Vis, sedangkan penentuan kadar quercetin menggunakan metode HPLC. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan berdasarkan nilai IC50 tergolong kuat yaitu sebesar 78,57%, kandungan senyawa total flavonoid (114,85 mg QE/g), quercetin (60,00 µg/g), fenolik (109,34 mg GAE/g) dan saponin (9,90 mg/g). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol buah bekul (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) varietas Bali diketahui memiliki kandungan senyawa bioaktif yaitu fenolik, flavonoid dan turunannya seperti quercetin, dan saponin serta memiliki aktivitas antioksidan tergolong kuat yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai agen nutraceutical.
Entre a fé e as aspas
Authors: Santos Alliston Fellipe Nascimento dos
Published: February 2025

O objetivo do artigo é demonstrar como a pastora Jacqueline Chanel, mulher trans, foi representada em portais de notícias religiosos e não religiosos que divulgaram o lançamento da primeira igreja trans do Brasil, a Séforas, em maio do ano de 2021, fundada e liderada por ela. Como resultados, os sites de cunho religioso utilizaram o termo pastora com o uso do recurso linguístico “aspas”. Assim, buscamos compreender como a Sociologia do Desvio (Becker, 2008), se encaixa com as notícias veiculadas nestes portais, demonstrando uma ideologia de uma representação trans considerada desviante dos moldes tradicionais cristãos. Mostramos, ainda, que as aspas podem estar a serviço de estratégias argumentativas que influenciam o interlocutor em seu modo de ver, pensar e sentir.
Análise comparativa entre padres velhos e padres novos
Authors: Guidotti João Victor Martins Toledo
Published: February 2025

Este artigo pretende analisar comparativamente os discursos de duas gerações de sacerdotes no Brasil contemporâneo, os chamados ‘padres velhos’ e ‘padres novos’. Baseado em estudos acerca da realidade dos novos padres do Brasil (Brighentti, 2021), inserimos a categoria de ‘padres velhos’, com o objetivo de promover uma análise hermenêutica de suspeita do debate político por agentes católicos. O primeiro grupo, dos chamados padres velhos, está ligado a adoção de perspectivas teológicas ligadas ao desenvolvimento social e defesa dos oprimidos (da Teologia da Libertação – TL), revelando uma aproximação com o progressismo político. O segundo grupo, por sua vez, tem recebido destaque midiático diante de seu alinhamento com discursos conservadores morais e políticos, muitas vezes influenciados pelas igrejas evangélicas e pela Renovação Carismática Católica (RCC). Apoiado em uma análise crítica dos discursos expostos, este artigo explora de que forma as correntes históricas e teológicas moldam a hermenêutica da religião, bem como a influência diante da concepção popular do catolicismo. Dessa forma, este trabalho contribui para maior compreensão acerca das tensões internas da Igreja Católica e seus impactos diante da realidade política do Brasil, principalmente no que diz respeito ao papel dos líderes religiosos no debate público (por meio de influência ideológica).
Apresentação do Dossiê - Esta noite abriu-me os olhos: as evidentes, e nem sempre debatidas, relações culturais e artísticas entre o Reino Unido e o Brasil
Authors: Tavares Pereira André Luiz
Published: February 2025

Escondida a olhos vistos. Assim podemos pensar as relações artísticas entre o Reino Unido e o Brasil que, embora longas de cinco séculos, nem sempre são trazidas, de modo evidente, ao debate crítico. Este dossier, organizado a partir da reflexões propostas pelo núcleo de estudos TACWARA – relações artísticas entre Reino Unido e o mundo ibérico – procura contornar esta questão, lançando luz sobre investigações mais recentes que abordem a temática da produção visual e cultural na interseções desta geografia peculiar que reúne a Inglaterra, a Escócia e a Irlanda, Portugal, Espanha e Brasil, com a pretensão de englobar também porções do assim chamado Cone Sul em que estas relações têm igual relevância.