bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on Merger and Operating Performance of Commercial Banks of Nepal
Authors: Dwa Sajena , Shah Ajay Kumar
Published: September 2018

This study aims to find the impact of mergers on operating performance of sample merged banks. To attain the research objective, this study has taken 8 independent variables; operating profit margin, net profit margin, return on assets, return on equity, debt equity ratio, return on loan loss provision, return on staff expenses and return on operating expenses. Three cases have been taken for the study as a sample to examine whether merger has led to a profitable situation or not. Research mainly focuses on quarterly secondary data which is analyzed using paired sample t-test, correlation analysis, VIF test and regression analysis. From the analysis it is deduced that merger has no significant role in case of Nepal Bangladesh Bank and NIC Asia Bank in terms of various operational ratios, since many operational ratios have been found weaker in post-merger period than pre-merger period. But merger plays a significant role in case of Machhapuchchhre Bank where almost all operational ratios have improved in post-merger. While analyzing the situation of overall commercial banking sectors, with the help of sampled data, it is observed that largely the merger isn’t able to produce positive results for the merged entities. The study shows the reason for negative result of merger as the poor financial position of the target banks. Further the merger will somewhat act as a solution for the current problems of Nepalese BFIs. Merger will be a wise option to bring BFIs in strong and growing position and to meet the requirement of current paid up capital as per the latest NRB directive. But it also must be considered that merger in itself is not the ultimate solution to strengthen the financial position of BFIs. A lot of factors must be taken into account before finding the right partner to merge with and executing the merger.

Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research, Vol. 2, No. 1 & 2, pp. 85-107
Theoconcept Structure Reconstruction as Multi-Dimensional Matrix Formation
Authors: Izyumtseva G. A.
Published: September 2018

The article addresses the problem of structure reconstruction of the theoconcept as a sensecreating basic component of religious picture of the world. The theoconcept is interpreted as a multi-dimensional formation which embodies experience of a man (people), both physical and spiritual; and is at the same time typified by a historically conditioned worldview constituent. The rational for employing the diachronic-synchronic approach to account for the concept structure is provided. Major emphasis is placed on the study of theoconcepts against concepts of other types and their modes, particularly, as abstract ontological-intuitive mental entities.Reconstruction of seven levels of the theoconcept REPENTANCE structure is conducted; it bears evidence that this formation is of cognitive-matrix format. It is found that the kernel content of the theoconcept REPENTANCE has been developed on the base of a meaning “turn”, which, according to the Biblical context of conceptualization, reconstructs the essence of repentance (level one). The kernel-centered (circumnuclear) area is formed by such meanings, as “confession”, “sacrament”, “penance”, “reconciliation”, “testament”, “reunion”, with basics of Orthodox doctrine as cognitive contexts (level two). Ethnic coloring of the concept meaning is revealed through such spiritual sense of the theoconcept REPENTANCE, as “congregational confession” (level three). The image of repentance as “the second baptism” emerges in the context of Christian symbolic meanings (level four). The shade of meaning “to turn away” (“military command”) has been developed in a process of its folk-etymological conceptualization, and constitutes the periphery of the concept (level fife). In a context of monastic movement in Ukrainian lands, and life of monks (level six) shades of meanings “atonement”, “asceticism”, “hermitage”, “anchorite” are being actualized. The last level (distant area) of senses embraces the individual-specific shades of senses, personal shades of senses of the concept under consideration, present in idiolects of the faithful. Finally, the results indicate that reconstructed sense levels are the cognitive contexts to interpret the kernel meaning of the theoconcept REPENTANCE. They bring into focus (highlight) its other senses, which interplay and produce its conceptual multi-aspectedness and multi-dimensionality that is nothing but matrix.
Analisis perilaku pelaku Bullying dan upaya penanganannya (studi kasus pada siswa Man 1 Barru)
Authors: Nurida Nur
Published: September 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui (i) Gambaran perilaku bullying yang meliputi: bentuk - bentuk perilaku bullying, dan karakteristik pelaku, (ii) Faktor penyebab terjadinya bullying, (iii) Dampak perilaku bullying, dan (iv) Upaya penanganan yang telah dilakukan guru BK. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam (indepth interview), observasi dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis deskripftif kualitatif dan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (i) gambaran perilaku pelaku bullying, meliputi bentuk bullying fisik: memukul, meninju, menendang, menampar, mendorong dan memalak; bentuk bullying verbal: memarahi, menghina, mengejek dan memanggil dengan sebutan yag buruk. Adapun karakteristik pelaku: kurang empati, mudah marah, dan impulsif. (ii) faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku bullying adalah: (a) pengalaman masa kecil (b) kurang perhatian dari orang tua, (c) dukungan dari teman sebaya, (d) faktor kepribadian pelaku. (iii) dampak perilaku bullying bagi kasus ZA adalah hubungan sosial dengan teman sekelas yang tidak baik karena ZA dijauhi akibat perilakunya. (iv) bentuk penanganan perilaku bullying yang telah dilakukan oleh guru BK adalah teknik konseling yang lebih pada pemberian nasehat.
Efektifitas Program Pembinaan Kedisiplinan dalam proses Belajar Mengajar terhadap Etos Kerja Mandiri Guru SMKN 4 Pinrang Kecamatan Patampanua Kabupaten Pinrang Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Nurwati Nurwati
Published: September 2018

Abstrak

Sesuatu hal positif tentunya akan berbuah positif pula, hal postif akan terwujud jika kita semua disiplin. Tidak salah jika ada yang mengatakan jika lau kedisiplinan adalah kunci kesuksesan. Jika yang kitahadapi adalah peserta didik maka untuk mencapai kesuksesan dalam mencerdaskan peserta didik kita maka kita perlu menanamkan disiplin tinggi dan etos kerja yang baik kepada para dewan guru agar bias membawa hasil yang positif pada dunia pendidikan yang seperti sekarang ini. Penelitian berdasarkan permasalahan, (a) Apakah program pembinaan kedisiplinan dan etos kerja guru berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa SMKN 4 Pinrang Kecamatan Patampanua Kabupaten Pinrang ( b) Bagaimanakah pengaruh Pembinaan kedisiplinan guru  terhadap motivasi dan etos kerja guru? Tujuan penelitian tindakan ini adalah: (a) Untuk mengungkap pengaruh Pembinaan Kedisiplinan guru terhadap hasil belajar siswa. (b) Untuk mengungkap Pembinaan kedisiplinan Guru terhadap motivasi Belajar pada siswa SMKN 4 Pinrang Kec. Patampanua Kab. Pinrang. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan (action research) sebanyak tiga putaran. Setiap putaran terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu:  rancangan, kegiatan dan pengamatan, refleksi, danrefisi. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah Guru SMKN 4 Pinrang Kecamatan Patampanua Kabupaten Pinrang. Data yang diperoleh berupa hasil tesformatif, lembar observasi kegiatan belajarmengajar. Dari hasil analis didapatkan bahwa prestasi guru dalam kedisiplinan mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I sampai siklus III yaitu, siklus I (66,67%), siklus II (77,78%), siklus III (88,89%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah metode Pembinaan Kedisiplinan dapat berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi dan etos kerja Guru SMKN 4 Kecamatan Patampanua Kabupaten Pinrang, serta metode ini dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan etos kerja guru.
Phonological awareness and quick naming of developmental dyslexia in Sekolah Dasar Inklusif Pantara, Jakarta
Authors: Sitepu Yanti Br
Published: September 2018

The weak phonological awareness and slow reaction time in word identification is a disorder that dyslexic people have in reading (Wolf and Bowers, 1999). Therefore, this study will investigate the ability of phonological awareness (phonological awareness), rapid naming (Rapid Naming) and reading ability of people with dyslexia. The subjects consisted of 4 children aged 7-8 years of dyslexia in Pantara Inclusive Elementary School, Jakarta. The four dyslexic children were compared to the control group (20 children from Kwitang 8 PSKD Pancoran Mas, Depok, who had the same age and gender as dyslexic children). The research used quantitative method with case study control design. The study was conducted with three experiments, namely: reading test, counting the number of silabel, and fast-track test. The first experiment consisted of 100 words (simple words, digraphs, diphthongs, and consonant clusters). The second experiment consisted of 48 words (24 words with illustrations and 24 words with trisilabik). All words are from the 10,000 words that have the highest frequency in the Indonesian linguistic corpus (Indonesianwac). The third test is 50 RAN letters (Pennington et al., 2001). Results showed that persons with dyslexia had a lower ability than the control group on all three tests. Dyslexic children tend to perform sound recovery, eliminate phonemes and swap words with nonwords and slow reaction times. Based on the results obtained, 2 dyslexic children data support double deficit hypothesis Wolf and Bowers (1999) because dyslexic children show phonological deficits and rapid naming deficits.
Editorial: Postkoloniale Studien als kritische Sozialwissenschaft
Authors: Redaktion Prokla
Published: September 2018

Editorial: Postkoloniale Studien als kritische Sozialwissenschaft
Kapitalistisches Wachstum und soziale Herrschaft Motive, Argumente und Schwächen aktueller Wachstumskritik
Authors: Brand Ulrich
Published: September 2018

Currently, the discussion about degrowth is one of the most important debates in the context of the multiple crises of capitalism. Economic growth as a political orientation and a socio-economic practice has been transformed from a stabilizing factor in society to a de-stabilizer. This article gives a short and necessarily selective overview of the main currents in this debate, and highlights important points of consensus. However, it is argued, degrowth approaches could benefit from a more systematic theorization and consideration of the structures and processes of domination within capitalist societies, and of the manifold forms of domination over nature. Neo-Marxist and feminist perspectives provide good approaches for addressing these shortcomings, and also open the possibility for addressing the as yet not really well developed question of democracy within the degrowth debate in a more sophisticated and realistic manner.
A 42 year old female with thermal sensitivity in the lower left first molar tooth
Authors: Ali Hasan , Hossain Mozammal , Abdin Md. Joynal
Published: September 2018

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below:
A 42 year old female presented with the complaints of thermal sensitivity and impaction of food during mastication on her lower left posterior region. On clinical examination, carious lesions involving proximal surface was detected at the lower left first molar tooth which extended up to the dentin. The vitality test showed that the affected tooth was vital and the tooth was also non-tender to percussion.
Infectious diseases during pregnancy in Brazil: seroprevalence and risk factors
Authors: Costa Galileu Barbosa , De Oliveira Mário Cézar , Gadelha Sandra Rocha , Albuquerque George Rego , Teixeira Marcel , Raiol Monica Regina da Silva , Sousa Sandra Mara Bispo , Marin Lauro Juliano
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Vertically transmitted infections are caused by a diversity of pathogenic microorganisms. Pregnant women are routinely screened to evaluate the risks and reduce the burden of disorders in their unborn children. We assessed the prevalence and possible risk factors for Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Rubella, Human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV), and Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women from the South region of Bahia State, Brazil.

Methodology: Serum samples were obtained from 726 pregnant women aged between 13 and 44 years, with a median age of 24 years. ELISA assays were used to detect CMV, Rubella, HTLV and T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies.

Results: The prevalence rates of IgG antibodies found were 95.2% for CMV, 97.0% for Rubella, and 72.3% for T. gondii. Furthermore, the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 was 1.2%. IgM antibodies were reactive only for CMV (0.8%) and T. gondii (3.7%). Variables independently associated with the detection of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were white self-reported race/ethnicity (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.26, 95% CI 1.26–4.06, P = 0.006), wage income (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35–0.88, P = 0.013), and history of previous pregnancy (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.02–2.50, P = 0.038).

Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of monitoring for infectious diseases during pregnancy and initiation of early interventions to reduce the burden of fetal losses and other important infant sequelae attributable to congenital infections.
Mantoux test revisited: Variability in reading tuberculin test in pediatric population
Authors: Goel Dimple , Mantan Mukta , Sethi Gulshan R
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Mantoux test aids in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), however its application and interpretation are dependent on multiple factors.

Methodology: A prospective study enrolling 400 children (aged 2-12) suspected to have tuberculosis. All participants received Mantoux test with two different strengths (1 TU and 5 TU) of Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) on different forearms. The test was read by two readers after

48 ± 2 and 72 ± 2 hours. Primary outcome was difference in the size of induration when read by two readers (interobserver variability). Secondary outcomes were difference in the size of induration at different intervals, with different strengths of PPD and percentage positivity of Mantoux test in TB patients.

Results: Statistically significant difference was seen in the size of induration when read by two different readers, with fair to moderate agreement when read at 48 and 72 hours (1 TU: p = 0.002, k = 0.52 and p = 0.1, k = 0.73 respectively, 5 TU: p = 0.001, k = 0.39 and p = 0.0009, k = 0.33 respectively). Tendency of under-reading occurred when size of induration was close to significant level (10-14 mm). Size of induration was similar when read at 48 or 72 hours (1 TU: p = 0.9, 5 TU: p = 1.0). Mantoux positivity rate in patients with TB was more with 5 TU as compared to 1 TU (61.2% vs. 16.3%).

Conclusions: There is significant interobserver variability with a tendency to under-read around the cutoff point. The use of 5 TU PPD at 48 hours by a trained physician can aid in early and more reliable diagnosis of TB.
Prevalence of zoonotic helminths in Italian house dogs
Authors: La Torre Francesco , Di Cesare Angela , Simonato Giulia , Cassini Rudi , Traversa Donato , Frangipane di Regalbono Antonio
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Dogs may act as potential sources of zoonotic parasites, e.g. intestinal helminths like Toxocara spp., Ancylostoma spp., Echinococcus spp. In particular circumstances, the environment contaminated by parasitic elements represents a source of infection for people and animals. The present study has evaluated the presence of zoonotic helminths in house dogs from central and north-eastern Italy.

Methodology: Stool samples from 493 dogs were examined by a qualitative copromicroscopic technique and differences in prevalence of zoonotic parasites were statistically examined in relation to canine individual data.

Results: 48/493 (9.7%) were positive for at least one parasite. Helminths recovered were Trichuris vulpis (5.5%), Toxocara canis (4.3%), Ancylostoma spp. (0.6%) and Eucoleus aerophilus (0.4%), while no cestodes were detected. Age and living with other dogs resulted risk factors for T. canis infection.

Conclusions: The health risk associated with the occurrence of parasitic nematodes in privately owned dogs, along with the current anthelmintic treatment plans, are discussed.
Hypoalbuminemia predicts intensive care need among adult inpatients with community acquired pneumonia: a cross sectional study
Authors: Adnan Muhammad , Hashmat Naheed , Latif Muhammad , Ali Zahra , Rahat Tayyaba
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Various scales helped physicians to decide the site of care of pneumonia patients, but had certain limitations. Literature review suggested that serum albumin and B/A ratio predict the site of care but more evidences were required. Therefore, the study was aimed to evaluate the role of serum albumin and B/A ratio in the prediction of intensive care need among patients with community acquired pneumonia.

Methodology: The cross-sectional analytical study enrolled 134 adult inpatients with pneumonia from Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan during September 2014 to December 2016. Serum albumin, creatinine and urea levels were estimated; and BUN, B/A ratio and CURB-65 scores were calculated to predict the need of ICU.

Results: Overall mean age was 50 ± 21 years, and 54.5% patients were females. The patients (19.4%) who required treatment in ICU had significantly lower albumin levels (p = 0.001); elevated BUN levels (p = 0.003), B/A ratio (p = 0.001) and CURB-65 score (p = 0.038); and longer hospital stay (p = 0.002). Hypoalbuminemia showed significant association with the requirement of ICU (OR: 7.956; p = 0.001). The optimal cut-off point of serum albumin to predict ICU need was 3.4 g/dL (50% sensitivity; 89% specificity). Low serum albumin was revealed as a good predictor of requiring treatment in ICU (AUC 0.718).

Conclusions: Hypoalbuminemia was a good predictor of requiring ICU treatment. Elevated B/A ratio and BUN levels showed significant association with ICU need. Serum albumin estimation before hospitalization might be used independently or additional with established criteria to decide the site of care.
Nutrition Analysis of “Sujakaju” as a Functional Drink of Health
Authors: Kadir Laksmyn , Kumaji Syam S. , Uno Wirnangsi D.
Published: September 2018

Malnutrition, poverty and abundant corn crops are the factors that provide the potential for innovation to create “Sujakaju” (corn-soy mil). The innovation aims to tackle the issues in children health and welfare in Gorontalo. The purpose of this study is to generate the proper formulation of a combination of well-nutrition corn-soy milk. The study employed experimental method with four treatments; each treatment group consumes different kind of corn-soy milk, i.e. milk of pulo (waxy) corn and soybean, Kiki corn and soybeans, hybrid corn and soybean, and from sweet corn and soybean with ratio of 50:50, 100:50 and 150:50 respectively. The results show that milk from mixture pulo corn and soybean suits the most for well-nutrition corn-soy milk by the composition ratio of 150:50, in which it contains the highest carbohydrate and protein nutrition and the lowest fat, compared to the treatment of 50:50 and 100:50 ratios.
An Analysis and Evaluation of Foreign Direct Investment in Kosovo
Authors: Jensen Joshua D.
Published: September 2018

As global markets continue to expand and competition continues to hasten, it is imperative that global business managers explore all potential investment opportunities. A country of potential foreign direct investment that may not be obvious to many global business managers is Kosovo. Kosovo is a small, sovereign nation located in a strategic area of the Balkan Peninsula, bordered by Albania, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia. Kosovo serves as the gateway from the Balkan Peninsula to central and southern Europe. While securing its independence from Serbia in 2008, Kosovo has worked to attract foreign direct investment and be a contender in the global economy. This paper explores the cultural and social environment, the economic and political environment, and the business and market environment in Kosovo and provides an overview and evaluation of the foreign direct investment potential of Kosovo.
Biomechanical Analysis of Fixation Devices for Basicervical Femoral Neck Fractures
Authors: Johnson Joseph , Deren Matthew , Chambers Alison , Cassidy Dale , Koruprolu Sarath , Born Christopher
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

Basicervical femoral neck fractures are challenging fractures in geriatric populations. The goal of this study was to determine whether compression hip screw (CHS) constructs are superior to cephalomedullary constructs for the treatment of basicervical femoral neck fractures.

Methods:

Thirty cadaver femurs were osteotomized and received a CHS with derotation screw, a long cephalomedullary nail (long Gamma nail), or a short cephalomedullary nail (short Gamma nail). All constructs were loaded dynamically in compression until dynamic failure.

Results:

All failed CHS constructs demonstrated superior femoral head cutout. In the long Gamma nail and short Gamma nail groups, constructs failed by nail cutout through the medial wall of the trochanter or rotationally. Normalized fluoroscopic distance was found to increase markedly with an increasing cycle count when considering all treatment groups.

Conclusions:

Given our results and those of previous studies, we could not determine superiority of one implant and recommend that surgeons select fixation constructs based on the individual patient's anatomy and the surgeon's comfort with the implant.
“Leda and the Swan”’s Revisions: A Cognitive Stylistic Analysis
Authors: Guo Hua
Published: September 2018

Previous literary studies on the revision of “Leda and the Swan” by William B. Yeats are mainly concerned with its psychological, social and historical implications conveyed by the relationship between Leda and the swan, and seldom explain the realization of this relationship in linguistic terms and its reception by the readership. Stylistic studies can furnish linguistic evidence for literary interpretation. Building on previous literary criticism and stylistic analysis, this study takes the first stanza as an example and conducts a cognitive stylistic analysis of the poem’s three versions by means of Langacker’s reference point model and dynamic discourse analysis framework. The poet’s aspiration to achieve subtle balance in the relationship through syntactic and semantic alteration is thus better understood and the possibility of applying Langacker’s cognitive grammar to stylistic analysis of poetry is tentatively explored.
A Comparative Study of WH-Movement in Urdu and English: A Minimalist Perspective
Authors: Maqsood Binish , Aziz Asif , Saleem Tahir , Azam Summiya
Published: September 2018

The present study aims at presenting a comparative study of Urdu and English in terms of Wh-movement in the light of the minimalist program (MP) as the theoretical framework of the study. For this purpose, Urdu and English data related to Wh-expressions is used. The empirical evaluation of data reveals that Wh-movement is mandatory in English while, non-mandatory in Urdu. Furthermore, it shows that the movement of tense markers in English is obligatory along with the movement of Wh-phrase as compared to Urdu in which it is optional. The movement of tense markers is covert in Urdu as compared to its overt movement in English. The findings of the study show that the feature of [+WH, EPP] stimulates the movement of Wh-expression in order to check these features. The findings of the study are expected to prove helpful for students and researchers in understanding the nature of syntax in general and Wh-movement particularly.
Impact of Washback on ESL Students’ Performance at Secondary Level
Authors: Lodhi Muhammad Arfan , Robab Irum , Mukhtar Sumera , Farman Hifza , Farrukh Sana
Published: September 2018

This descriptive study explores the impact of washback on ESL students’ performance at secondary level. In this study, the term “washback” refers to the test effect on content of curriculum, learning English, teaching and the activities conducted in classroom. The factors other than the test itself may affect positive washback; lack of positive washback does not make test invalid whereas the negative washback effect occurs when there is lack of construct validity of test. Test design and validity plays vital role in achieving positive washback (Messick, 1996). The study aims to investigate the effects of positive washback and benefits in learning and teaching processes in ESL classrooms, while negative washback effects are destructive and can be a hindrance in achieving the goals in ESL classrooms. Recent research is descriptive in nature and survey based method was adopted for this study. 50 teachers were selected by using purposive sampling technique and 100 students were selected by using simple random sampling technique. Three tools were used for this study including: Questionnaire, Test and Observation checklist. The findings of the study exhibit that negative washback effect has its influence on tests, learning and teaching. The study concludes with a realization of the fact that language pedagogy is affected by washback. However, it is claimed by majority of the teachers that washback affects the selection of teaching methods because exams stress brings pressure and it becomes necessary for English teachers to develop linguistic competence in their students. For future researches it is recommended that other studies should be made in order to find out the impact of washback on the strategies adopted by learners while learning second language.
Iranian EFL Learners’ Preferences of Different Digital Technologies for Language Learning Beyond the Classroom
Authors: Xodabande Ismail
Published: September 2018

In recent years, increasing availability of digital technologies and internet connection for the majority of global population has affected almost every aspect of modern life including education and language learning. As a result, the face of language learning is changing both inside and outside the classroom and there is an ever growing need to study various affordances of these new technologies in education and learners’ and teachers’ attitudes towards using them. To this end, the current study investigated Iranian EFL learners’ preferences regarding the use of different digital technologies for language learning beyond the classroom and their beliefs on how these technologies augment their language skills. To collect participants’ data, an online questionnaire was employed and responses from 114 Iranian EFL learners (50 males and 64 females) were obtained through a locally popular social media network. The results of the online survey revealed that participants use various media types and digital technologies for developing their language skills beyond the classroom, and electronic dictionaries, Internet sites, and films are among the highly employed multimedia types. Further statistical analysis (MANOVA) of data also revealed that despite some variation in frequency of use for various technology types among male and female participants, the two groups only have significant differences in using computer games and music. Findings of the study indicate that despite some imposed restrictions on social network and Internet use in Iran, most Iranian EFL learners are actively using them in their language learning beyond the classroom. On implication side, the paper discusses some benefits of using digital technologies for language learning and teaching.
Adolescents’ Perceived Parental Childrearing Practice and Its Effect on Their Psychosocial Functioning in Some Selected Secondary Schools of East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Misganaw Mihret Amare , Tarekegn Asfaw Ambachew , Sitota Dilgasa Galata
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of childrearing practice on adolescent psychosocial functioning. In order to carry out this study, a sample of 328 of 133 males and 195 female adolescent students were selected randomly from three secondary schools of East Hararghe Zone. Data were collected through self-reporting questionnaire and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as, frequency, tabulation, mean, standard deviation, range, one sample t-test, Pearson moment correlation, two-way ANOVA and multiple regression. Findings indicate that participants of the study have a reasonably acceptable level of psychosocial functioning and they perceive their parents’ childrearing practice is fairly good. There is strong and significant relationship between parental childrearing practice and adolescents’ psychosocial functioning. The gender disparity has been observed among the dimensions of child rearing practice on controlling and psychosocial functioning and also among its dimensions on behavior and relationship problems in favor of females. In addition, according to the results of ANOVA, there is psychosocial functioning difference among adolescents with respect to their level of parental childrearing practice. The main effects of gender and level of childrearing practice on psychosocial functioning are significant while together they do not have an interaction effect. Besides, most of the variability in explaining psychosocial functioning which is accounted for 64.4% is explained by parental childrearing practice and its dimension, nurturance, did not seem to explain variability in psychosocial functioning. In the end, recommendations are also made for how to properly address the gaps noted in this research.
Bringing the Attitudinal System of Affect to the EFL/ESL Classroom as a Way of Further Critical Education and Reflection: An Analysis of Affectual Language in Two American Presidents’ Inauguration Speeches
Authors: Hadidi Yaser , Khodadadi Golsa
Published: September 2018

Appraisal/Evaluation within Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) is a rather new framework for the analysis of evaluative language, focusing on how human beings reveal their emotions directly or indirectly, how they take stances, and how they align or dis-align themselves with social subjects. Through an attitudinal analysis of the system of Affect in lucid and teacher-friendly ways, this paper aims to smoothly invite ESL/EFL teachers into possible employment of this model in classes of intermediate levels and above, to align themselves with and avoid losing sight of the constant need to maintain a critical pedagogical atmosphere in foreign language literacy and education. To this end, we provide a simple analysis of the affectual language of two inauguration speeches delivered by two American presidential candidates, geared to equipping teachers with some quick tools of reflective and critical pedagogy and use the exploration and display of different categories of Affect in the classroom to engage students in critical reflection on the world and everyday events.
Malaysian Children Storybooks as ESL Reading Materials
Authors: Ismail Adlina , Yusof Normah
Published: September 2018

English as a Second Language (ESL) reading materials for children are important in second language development. It is believed that language cannot be taught in a vacuum context as language functions within a culture. Even though learning a language requires learning about the culture unconsciously, learners’ culture should be taken into consideration as well. The study aimed to identify the difference between Malaysian picture storybooks and Malaysian chapter storybooks in terms of readability by using a computational tool, Coh-Metrix TERA. This study also aimed to discuss the suitability of the samples’ readability in relation to the second language comprehension and cognitive development theories. The study collected 10 locally published picture storybooks and chapter storybooks each. The narrative texts from the books were extracted and assessed by Coh-Metrix TERA. It was found that picture storybooks are different from chapter storybooks in terms of the amount of concrete words, referential cohesion devices, and familiar words in the texts. In general, the samples’ readability is in line with the cognitive development theory. However, they can be improved in terms of cohesive devices and familiar words. In brief, Malaysian picture storybooks and chapter storybooks are suitable to be used as reading materials to learn English for Malaysian children. Nevertheless, weak readers may require adult assistance in certain parts of the books.
Glu592 of the axon guidance receptor ROBO3 mediates a pH‐dependent interaction with NELL2 ligand
Authors: Mizutani Kimihiko , Toyoda Mayuko , Ojima‐Kato Teruyo , Maturana Andrés D. , Niimi Tomoaki
Published: November 2024

There are only a few studies on the function of neuronal axon guidance molecules during low brain pH conditions. We previously reported that roundabout (ROBO) 2, a receptor for the axon guidance molecule SLIT, can bind to the neural epidermal growth factor‐like‐like (NELL) ligands in acidic conditions by conformational change of its ectodomain. Here, we show that the ROBO3 receptor also exhibits a pH‐dependent increase in binding to the NELL2 ligand. We found that the Glu592 residue of ROBO3 at the binding interface between NELL2 and ROBO3 is a pH sensor and that the formation of a new hydrogen bonding network, due to protonation of the Glu592, leads to increased binding in acidic conditions. These results suggest that NELL2–ROBO3 signaling could be regulated by extracellular pH.
Multivalent Cations Substitution Accelerate Li‐Ion Diffusion in Na4Cr2Nb98O250 Defect Phase for Wide Temperature Energy Storage
Authors: Yu Anyang , Jiang Tian , Jiao Ke , Gou Wenshan , Wang Xinxin , Zhao Xiaodie , Xu Qingyu , Fan Qi , Sun Yueming , Li Gan
Published: November 2024

Niobate materials are regarded as promising anode materials for Lithium‐ion batteries. Inspired by the design of shear‐type ReO3 materials through the multivalent cations substitution defect construction method, nonequivalent Na4M2Nb98O250 (M = Fe, Cr, NFNO, NCNO) anode materials are synthesized. The novel NCNO material exhibits a modified N‐Nb2O5 isostructural defect phase that can optimize 3D Li‐ion transport channels and enhance the electronic conductivity, leading to a superior ionic diffusion coefficient (DLi) and good structural stability. It shows balanced high performance with respect to specific capacity, rate capacity and cyclability. Furthermore, it also demonstrates outstanding wide‐temperature (−10 to 45 °C) lithiation performance, especially at low temperature (−10 °C) of a capacity exceeding 100 mAh g−1 at 5C and minimal capacity decay (0.012% per cycle) after 1000 cycles, indicating the great potential of wide temperature energy storage.
Silver Nanoparticle‐Embedded Zirconium‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework for Photoreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Acetic Acid in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Aparna Ravari Kandy , Muhamed Shamna , Manna Surya Sekhar , Mani Neema Pallikkarathodi , Maria Ivy , Afreen Afreen , Parambil Sneha Raj V. , Etter Martin , Jeppesen Henrik , Rajasree Sreehari Surendran , Maji Tapas Kumar , Adarsh Kumaran Nair Valsala Devi , Biswas Kanishka , Shaijumon Manikoth M , Pathak Biswarup , Mandal Sukhendu
Published: November 2024

Catalytic conversion of CO2 into value‐added chemicals is necessary to mitigate the increasing global warming and energy‐related issues. The selective production of C2 or C2+ products by photoreduction of CO2 is a challenging task due to the sluggish kinetics of C─C coupling. Herein, the potential of a silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) incorporated metal‐organic framework (MOF), NU‐1000 is introduced, to harvest light and ease the uphill electron transfer. The growth of silver nanoparticles on thiol‐functionalized NU‐1000 is studied using the atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. The C2 product formed using Ag@NU‐1000‐SH without any sacrificial agents is acetic acid, which is confirmed by 1H‐NMR and HRMS data. The catalyst displays a high acetate output of 293.58 µmolg−1h−1 with a selectivity of 79.4%. The XPS and DFT calculations evidence that the presence of the charge‐polarised states in the as‐synthesized catalyst act as asymmetric centers that favor the C─C coupling reaction. The combined experimental (in situ DRIFT spectroscopic studies) and theoretical calculations reveal that the C─C coupling takes place via the coupling of COOH*intermediates.
Multifunctional Ultrathin Ti3C2Tx MXene@CuCo2O4 /PE Separator for Ultra‐High‐Energy‐Density and Large‐Capacity Lithium‐Sulfur Pouch Cells
Authors: Huang Zimo , Liang Yuhao , Wu Zhenzhen , Kong Yang , Bai Maohui , Li Meng , Hong Bo , Huang Taiyu , Huang Senchuan , Chen Hao , Zhang Shanqing
Published: November 2024

The shuttling of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), sluggish reaction kinetics, and uncontrolled lithium deposition/stripping remain the main challenges in lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs), which are aggravated under practical working conditions, i.e., high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte in large‐capacity pouch cells. This study introduces a Ti3C2Tx MXene@CuCo2O4 (MCC) composite on a polyethylene (PE) separator to construct an ultrathin MXene@CuCo2O4/PE (MCCP) film. The MCCP functional separator can deliver superior LiPSs adsorption/catalysis capabilities via the MCC composite and regulate the Li+ deposition through a conductive Ti3C2Tx MXene framework, enhancing redox kinetics and cycling lifetime. When paired with sulfur/carbon (S/C) cathode and lithium metal anode, the resultant 10 Ah‐level pouch cell with the ultrathin MCCP separator achieves an energy density of 417 Wh kg−1 based on the whole cell and a stable running of 100 cycles under practical operation conditions (cathode loading = 10.0 mg cm−2, negative/positive areal capacity ratio (N/P ratio) = 2, and electrolyte/sulfur weight ratio (E/S ratio) = 2.6 µL mg−1). Furthermore, through a systematic evaluation of the as‐prepared Li‐S pouch cell, the study unveils the operational and failure mechanisms of LSBs under practical conditions. The achievement of ultrahigh energy density in such a large‐capacity lithium‐sulfur pouch cell will accelerate the commercialization of LSBs.
Phosphorylated Covalent Organic Framework Membranes Toward Ultrafast Single Lithium‐Ion Transport
Authors: Pang Xiao , Shi Benbing , Liu Yawei , Li Yunliang , Zhang Yafang , Wang Tiantian , Xu Shuting , Wang Xiaoyao , Liu Ziwen , Xing Na , Liang Xu , Zhu Ziting , Fan Chunyang , Liu Ying , Wu Hong , Jiang Zhongyi
Published: November 2024

Developing all‐solid‐state electrolytes, the chips for lithium‐metal batteries, with superior electrochemical and mechanical properties awaits the disruptive materials. Herein, ionic covalent organic framework membranes are explored as solid‐state electrolytes for single Li+ conduction. In the membrane, the anion groups act as Li+ transporter, determining Li+ binding capacity and releasing ability, whereas the oxygen‐containing groups act as Li+ co‐transporter, creating relay sites between adjacent Li+ transporters for rapid hopping. The membrane exhibits an unprecedented Li+ conductivity of 1.7 mS cm−1 with a Li+‐transference number close to unity at room temperature. Additionally, the membrane possesses high flexibility, low interfacial resistance, and excellent cycling performance at room temperature. This work paves an unprecedented path for the advancement of next‐generation Li+ conductors in solid‐state electrolytes.
2D/3D Heterostructure Halide Perovskite Thin Films through an Innovative Spray‐Deposition of Bulky Organic Cation‐Containing Ammonium Salts
Authors: Sahani Rishabh , Kumar Neetesh , Perini Carlo A. R. , Rahmani Azina , Muñoz Daniel , LaFollette Diana , Lawton Jack , Datta Kunal , Li Ruipeng , Correa‐Baena Juan‐Pablo , Jurca Titel , Lai Cheng‐Yu , Radu Daniela R.
Published: November 2024

Hybrid halide perovskite involving low‐dimensional (2D or quasi‐2D) perovskites and their three‐dimensional (3D) counterparts provide long‐term stability in solar photovoltaics (PV) applications. Besides stability, perovskite PV commercialization would scalability in roll‐to‐roll fabrication of large‐area devices. Herein, it is reported on a pneumatic spray‐deposition methodology utilized to fabricate 2D/3D heterostructure perovskite films with tunable morphological and optical properties. Ammonium salts featuring bulky organic cations, such as phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI), 2‐thiophenemethylammonium iodide (TMAI), cyclohexylmethylammonium iodide (CMAI), and n‐dodecylammonium iodide (DDAI) are spray‐deposited on top of 3D‐formamidinium lead triiodide (3D‐FAPbI3) perovskite thin films, to synthesize a series of 2D perovskites, including (PEA)2FAPb2I7, (TMA)2PbI4, (CMA)2FAPb2I7, and (DDA)2FAPb2I7. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements confirm the evolution of 2D perovskite layer with distinct crystal structure and dimensionality (n = 1 and 2). Additionally, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy reveals diverse surface morphologies achievable in the 2D perovskite layers. Hyperspectral photoluminescence mapping further demonstrates that the emission at ≈566–570 nm corresponds exclusively to the 2D perovskite phase with n = 2. This study advances the development of 2D/3D heterostructure perovskites using bulky organic cations and underscores the potential of pneumatic spray‐deposition as a scalable fabrication technique for producing next‐generation optoelectronic devices.
Purinylidene‐Based Iridium(III) Phosphors for Efficient Purple Phosphorescence and Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Yan Jie , Pan Yi , Qu Zhi‐Hao , Xu Zihan , Law Kwok‐Chung , Zhou Dong‐Ying , Liao Liang‐Sheng , Chi Yun , Lau Kai‐Chung
Published: November 2024

It is very challenging to achieve highly efficient and low roll‐off purple to deep‐blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to the limited selection of suitable emitters. Herein, a series of Ir(III) phosphors‐bearing purinylidene‐based N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) chelates are reported, namely, f‐ct2a–d, which have successfully turned the emission peak maxima to the purple region (427–432 nm) in degassed toluene, together with high quantum yields of 77%–81%. Notably, f‐ct2b is further employed as the phosphorescent dopant in the fabrication of OLEDs to afford deep‐blue emission paking at 448 nm and an EQE of 6.7% at 100 cd m−2. Furthermore, a true‐blue hyperphosphorescent OLED with 21 wt% of f‐ct2a as sensitizer and 1 wt% of ν‐DABNA as terminal emitter is also fabricated, giving excellent performance with max. EQE up to 22.2% and an EQE of 19.2% at a brightness of 100 cd m−2.
A Near‐Zero Index Metamaterial Lens for Reduced Complexity and High‐Performance Active Electronically Scanned Arrays
Authors: Binion J. Daniel , Mussman Colin A. , Lier Erik , Hand Thomas H. , Werner Douglas H.
Published: November 2024

A lens consisting of an anisotropic near‐zero index metamaterial (NZIM) is introduced for improving the far‐field performance of active electronically scanned arrays (AESA). Several simulation studies demonstrate how the NZIM lens (metalens) can be functionalized to transform the embedded element pattern of an array from a typical cosinusoidal shape to a flat‐topped pattern, dramatically reducing the gain at wider angles. This corresponds to reductions in scan loss and suppression of grating lobes in the desired field of view (FOV), especially for arrays with large element spacing (i.e., sparse or thinned arrays). The metalens concept is demonstrated through several simulation studies illustrating the beam shaping capability of NZIM materials. A fabricated metalens demonstrates full suppression of grating lobes and minimal scan loss with a ±10° FOV, which is ideally suited for limited FOV applications such as geosynchronous satellite communications.
A Hollowed‐Out Heterometallic Cluster for Catalytic Knoevenagel Condensation
Authors: Chen Wanmin , Xu Na , Qin Lei , Deng Yi‐Fei , Zhuang Gui‐Lin , Zhang Zhe , Xie Ting‐Zheng , Wang Pingshan , Zheng Zhiping
Published: November 2024

Lanthanide‐containing clusters are synthetically challenging and with significant chemical and materials applications. Herein, two isostructural heterometallic clusters of the formula (NO3)12@[Ln132Ni78(OH)292(IDA)48(CH3COO)96(NO3)12(H2O)78]Cl44⋅xH2O⋅yCH3OH (IDA=iminodiacetate; Ln=Gd 1, x=110, y=0; Ln=Eu 2, x=95, y=40) were obtained via co‐hydrolysis of Ln3+ (Gd3+ or Eu3+) and Ni2+ in the presence of iminodiacetate (IDA). Crystallographic studies show that each features a truncated tetrahedral core of Ln132Ni78 within which a void of 1.1 nm in diameter; connecting the central cage and its exterior are four trumpet‐like passageways surface‐decorated with dinuclear units of [Gd(μ3‐OH)2Gd]. Mass spectroscopic analyses indicate that both clusters maintained their structural integrity in aqueous solution, with cryo‐electron microscopy providing the most convincing visual evidence in support of the cluster‘s solution stability. Size‐selective Knoevenagel condensation, believed to occur in the passageways on the basis of experimental and molecular modeling results, was achieved in the presence of 1. The application of 1 as a uniquely structured molecular reactor and a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst was further illustrated by the one‐pot three‐component synthesis of biologically and pharmaceutically significant 4H‐pyran derivatives.
Dendritic Molecular Baskets for Selective Binding of Toxic Methotrexate
Authors: Kumar Nitesh , Finnegan Tyler J. , Taneja Sagarika , Rostam Darian C. , Hansen Alexandar L. , Ward Carson E. , Uçar Sefa , Parquette Jon R. , Badjić Jovica D.
Published: November 2024

We describe the preparation, assembly, recognition characteristics, and bioactivity of dendritic basket 612−. This novel cavitand has a deep aromatic pocket with three (S)‐glutamic acid dendrons at the rim to amplify water solubility and prevent self‐association. 1H NMR spectroscopy, calorimetry (ITC), and mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) measurements validate the formation of an inclusion complex between 612− and anticancer drug methotrexate (MTX2−) in water (Kd=9.2 μM). To identify the docking pose, a comparison of computed (DFT and MM) and experimental 1H NMR chemical shifts suggests that MTX2− folds inside 612− (π⋅⋅⋅π), forming HBs with the peptidic dendrons while anchoring (C−H⋅⋅⋅π) to the aromatic pocket through its N‐methyl group. In consequence, 612− selectively binds MTX2− in competition with structurally similar folic acid and leucovorin (reversal poisoning agent). While the host is biocompatible (HEK293; IC50>150 μM) and produces inclusion complex [MTX⊂6]14− in cell media, it experiences limitation in pharmacokinetic sequestration of MTX2− as dihydrofolate reductase's affinity to the drug is suggested to prevail over that of 612−. Nonetheless, considering the basket's biocompatibility, tunability, and chemoselectivity, it stands as the leading candidate in the pursuit of an effective abiotic antidote for methotrexate poisoning.