bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudio arqueoastronómico en el sitio arqueológico de Yarumela
Authors: Ramos Castro Josué Erubel
Published: December 2017

El presente proyecto surge como una iniciativa para seguir avanzando en las investigaciones de tipo arqueoastronómíco y de esta forma avanzar en conocimiento de nuestras culturas antepasadas utilizando la información arqueológica hondureña, se desarrolló un estudio de campo, del sitio arqueológico de Yarumela, se realizó, una revisión bibliográfica de otros investigadores, se muestran fotos e imágenes del sitio arqueológico y de sus estructuras. Se realizó un plano topográfico y un mapa georreferenciado para determinar la orientación entre las estructuras, con la cual obtuvimos tablas comparativas de las coordenadas de algunas estructuras de Yarumela, tablas del acimut entre las estructuras y se hicieron cálculos de geometría para determinar el acimut de la salida del sol por el horizonte en los diferentes eventos solares midiendo la altura de las montañas y así determinar si hay algún alineamiento arqueoastronómico entre las estructuras y la salida del sol en los eventos solares, equinoccios y solsticios. Para este estudio sé uso tecnología para planos topográficos y sistemas de información geográfica para análisis de datos de puntos tomados con estación total y GPS, también se utilizó la trigonometría para hacer los cálculos y compararlos con los datos tomados con los de la estación total, esperando obtener el resultado de alineamientos astronómicos y avanzar más en la investigación arqueoastronómica en el país.Revista Ciencia y Tecnología No.20, junio 2017; 103-123
Reglamento de los Cursos de Ascensos para los Miembros de la Policía Nacional Civil
Authors: Editor El
Published: December 2017

Revista Policía y Seguridad Pública 7(2) 2017: 429-440
Cine: La cara y la cruz de un policía
Authors: Linares Castillo Aleida Esmeralda
Published: December 2017

Revista Policía y Seguridad Pública 7(2) 2017: 504-505
O discurso publicitário da felicidade: conexões com o consumo e o desenvolvimento
Authors: Reis Clovis , Boos de Quadros Cynthia , Reimondo Barrios Yanet Maria
Published: December 2017

A felicidade se transformou em um ideal da cultura ocidental e se tornou quase um desejo obrigatório. O capitalismo construiu uma cultura da felicidade que por meio da publicidade estimula o hiperconsumo e leva à alienação, ao individualismo, e à infelicidade patológica. Partindo desse cenário, o objetivo deste trabalho é discutir nexos entre a questão da felicidade, o consumo e os atuais padrões de desenvolvimento. Tal revisão indica que a sociedade contemporânea é guiada por um imperativo felicista nutrido pela economia capitalista, da qual a publicidade é um elemento estratégico, que incentiva a demanda crescente pelo consumo.
O fim de um ciclo é sempre o começo de outro
Authors: Camargo Hertz Wendel de
Published: December 2017

Editorial da edição 14, julho a dezembro de 2017.
O consumo da telenovela pelos pentecostais: entre tensões e negociações
Authors: Matos Rita , Souza Catiane , Chéquer Priscila , Barbosa Caio
Published: December 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal discutir as tensões e negociações presentes no processo de reconhecimento da telenovela entre os fiéis das Igrejas Assembléias de Deus. Gênero televisivo comumente “demonizado” pelos fiéis desta denominação, as telenovelas frequentemente aparecem como tema nos discursos desses religiosos, fazendo surgir o interesse sobre a temática. O corpus de análise se origina de entrevistas com fiéis das Assembleias de Deus, membros de duas famílias residentes em Salvador – Bahia, para a coleta de dados utilizamos o instrumento metodológico Histórias de Família. Para análise tomamos como fundamentação teórica os postulados de Eliseo Verón e Fausto Neto sobre o fenômeno Midiatização e sobre o conceito de Circulação discursiva.
Envelhecimento intolerável: consumo midiático e o imaginário do corpo
Authors: Stacheski Denise Regina
Published: December 2017

Este artigo se propõe a estudar narrativas midiáticas que contemplem representações do envelhecimento intolerável. O texto perpassa pela discussão da responsabilidade dos sujeitos frente à velhice e pelos códigos do saber viver para a manutenção do corpo jovem. Como abordagem metodológica foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo, a partir de conceitos de Le Breton (2011) sobre o imaginário do corpo, em unidades comunicativas publicadas no jornal Gazeta do Povo (online), Paraná, entre janeiro a julho de 2017.Verifica-se, entre os resultados, a enaltação midiática de valores simbólicos como juventude, vitalidade e corpo físico perfeito. Paradigmas do imaginário do corpo que podem dificuldar as vivências no processo do envelhecimento.
Expediente
Authors: Editorial Equipe
Published: December 2017

Todos que trabalharam na edição 14.
O consumo de yoga a partir de experiências etnográficas
Authors: Bordinhão dos Santos Filipe , Troib Penteado Anna
Published: December 2017

O trabalho discute as experiências de consumo do método Kaiut Yoga a partir de uma perspectiva antropológica do consumo, sobretudo para compreender como o produto cultural (e mercadológico) da Yoga promove rituais e valores simbólicos que extrapolam a relação produto-preço e se inserem como prática social de interação. Para isso, realizamos aproximações etnográficas na escola Kaiut Yoga através das técnicas de observação participante e entrevistas com os alunos. Dessa forma, entendemos os valores culturais e intagíveis que permeiam o processo de consumo deste produto, especialmente os que dizem respeito as formas de relacionamento com o outro, o convívio em uma comunidade e a experiência de consciência de si mesmo a partir do consumo como ritualístico e mediador social.
“Bem-vindo à próxima fase”: a cultura do choque e o fim do tédio
Authors: Londero Rodolfo Rorato
Published: December 2017

Neste ensaio discutimos o conceito de choque, desde sua formulação como técnica comercial pela publicidade até suas consequências para o atual regime de atenção. Propomos que a intensificação do choque a partir do consumo extremo de imagens, como o percebido na cultura dos videogames, contribui para o fortalecimento de uma atenção fragmentada e inquieta. Entendemos assim que a “cultura do déficit de atenção” (Türcke) e o desenvolvimento de uma “atenção multitarefa” (Han) são as duas faces de um mesmo processo. Afirmamos também que o tédio é uma dimensão humana ameaçada pelo atual regime de atenção, pois a busca constante de elementos portadores de significado impede a contemplação do vazio, característica marcante do tédio e da própria humanidade.
Trabalho e mídia: construções discursivas sobre o universo do trabalho no Brasil em conteúdos jornalísticos
Authors: Feitosa Erike Luiz Vieira , Fanini Angela Fanini Maria Rubel
Published: December 2017

Com base em conceitos e princípios do pensamento bakhtiniano, este artigo analisa construções discursivas a respeito do trabalho e do trabalhador em editoriais de veículos de comunicação que versam sobre uma suposta improdutividade do brasileiro e também em reportagens sobre pessoas em situações de trabalho degradantes. Nos dois cenários analisados, demonstra-se que o trabalho assume relevância central, mas fica sujeito à racionalidade do crescimento econômico unidirecional, submisso ao capital. Já o trabalhador, peça substituível de uma engrenagem que não pode parar, é percebido como algo do qual se precisa extrair a cada dia mais rendimentos ou alguém que, pontualmente, precisa ser defendido de um sistema que, de forma contraditória, pressupõe intensificação laboral e condições mínimas de trabalho.Palavras-chave: Linguagem; Trabalho; Mídia e trabalho; Trabalhador; Dialogismo.
Forgiveness and Subjective Happiness of University Students
Authors: Vural Batik Meryem , Yilmaz Bingol Tugba , Firinci Kodaz Aynur , Hosoglu Rumeysa
Published: December 2017

This research was conducted to investigate the forgiveness and subjective happiness level of university students in terms of gender, faculty, grade, residence, and parental attitudes, and to determine predictive role of forgiveness on subjective happiness. The study group consists of 828 university students (56.3% female, 43.7% male). The data was collected through the Forgiveness Scale and the Subjective Happiness Scale. The results of the study indicated that the level of forgiveness and subjective happiness of university students did not differ significantly in terms of gender and residence. On the other hand, it was found that the forgiveness level of third and fourth grade students and students who enrolled in Faculty of Theology were significantly higher than the other students. Moreover, the students whose parents are protective and democratic attitudes reported significantly higher levels of forgiveness and subjective happiness. There is a positive relationship but low between forgiveness and subjective happiness and; forgiveness was found as a significant predictor of subjective happiness.
Teaching a Social and Emotional Learning Curriculum: Transformative Learning through the Parallel Process
Authors: Cullen Jennifer , Bloemker Geraldine , Wyatt Jeannette , Walsh Michele
Published: December 2017

Social and emotional learning (SEL) curriculum included among freshman seminar content for enhanced academic performance and better overall adjustment, can support freshman in the transition from high school to college.  As such, the university participating in this study has increased the number of students taking freshman seminars. To accommodate the increase in SEL sections, several nonclinical faculty members were invited to teach the seminar which required training in the SEL curriculum.  The purpose of this study was an exploratory assessment of the process of teaching the SEL curriculum to determine the perceived impact of both the training and teaching experience on the faculty members and their teaching styles.  This was a qualitative study, using a systematic thematic content analysis of transcribed interviews. Results indicated the emergence of several themes that highlighted a transformative learning experience for the faculty and indicated that there is a parallel process in teaching and learning.
Self-Construal and Demographic Variables as Predictors of Blind and Constructive Patriotism in University Students
Authors: Ercan Hulya
Published: December 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the blind and constructive patriotism trends of university students in light of the demographic structure and variables. The investigation is performed by using the correlational descriptive model. The purposeful sampling technique is used and data was collected from 390 university students. 225(%57.7) of the participants are female, and 65(%42.3) are male, the age ranges vary between 18 and 26 and the mean of the age is 20.42(SD=1.88). Demographic Information Form, Patriotism Attitude Scale and Relational, Individual and Collective Self Aspects Scale has been applied to the participants. The correlation, t-test, analysis of variance and regression analysis techniques were used in the analysis of the data. The obtained results reveal that, the blind patriotism scores of the participants show a significant difference according to sex. It was found that, the blind patriotism scores show differences according to the city they live in. On the other hand, it should be noted that there is a relationship between the blind patriotism and relational aspect and collective aspect of the self. Also it has been seen that there is a significant relationship between the constructive patriotism and the relational aspect, individual aspect and collective aspect of the self. Finally, it was found that the collective self-aspect, being a man and continue to the education in Sivas are meaningful predictors of the blind patriotism; the collective self aspect is a significant predictor of constructive patriotism.
Applying mindfulness to influence the patient and care team experience
Authors: Singh Keerat S. , Davis Patricia , Cockerham Mona
Published: December 2017

Objective: In today’s work environment, specifically in health care, mindfulness is a personal and professional strategy to improve performance and productivity. To influence the patient and care team hospital experience through the concepts of mindfulness and perception.Methods: This was a prospective observational project completed by medical/surgical nurses using an online survey pre- and post an educational program and an aggregate score of the 5 nurse-sensitive questions on the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey, a survey based in the United States that is mailed to patients post discharge to home to measure patient satisfaction with their hospitalization. The HCAHPS survey is a patient satisfaction survey required by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) for all hospitals in the United States. The purpose of the HCAHPS survey is to provide a standardized survey instrument and data collection methodology for measuring patients’ perspectives on their hospital care and hospital experience.Results: The aggregate nurse-sensitive HCAHPS scores increased from 85.5 to 89.8 over one month. For mindfulness, after the educational program, among the ten nurse survey questions the percentage went up as much as 0.57%.Conclusions: An educational program related to the benefits of mindfulness can positively effect nurses’ engagement in the workplace and positively increase HCAHPS scores. Continuing education on mindfulness should carry over month to month. In this research project, participants provided feedback to the researcher of feeling empowered to bring in new ideas, present different ways to grow, and tackle challenges.
Combining Amino Acid and Vitamin D Supplementation with Exercise Training Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass and Prevent Bone Mineral Density Loss in Participants with Low Muscle Mass
Authors: Cao Thi Thu Ha , Kurose Satoshi , Fukushima Yaeko , Takao Nana , Nakamura Natsuko , Kitamura Akiko , Higurashi Kyoko , Kamo Tomohiro , Yoshiuchi Sawako , Onishi Katsuko , Tsutsumi Hiromi , Kimura Yutaka
Published: December 2017

This study evaluated the impact of exercise training with amino acid and vitamin D supplementation on muscle and bone mass in participants with low muscle volume. Twenty-nine Japanese participants (56-84 years old) were enrolled and assigned into the supplement (n=15) and non-supplement (n=14) groups. All participants underwent a 6-month exercise program. Supplements and nutrition support were provided to the participants in the supplement group for 12 weeks. Body composition and whole bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The outcomes, including body composition, whole BMD, and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), were evaluated twice: pre- and post-intervention. The SMI was 6.51(6.28; 7.14) and 5.58 (5.24; 6.05) (kg/m2) in men and women, respectively. The average SMI change was 0.13% (-0.05%; 0.31%) and 2.33% (-0.88%; 5.48%); [mean (lower; upper quartile)]. The average BMD loss in the non-supplement group was -2.78%, and the BMD increased in the supplement group by 4.34%; there was an absolute difference between the two groups (p<0.05). After the intervention, serum myostatin was changed (p=0.001, non-supplement>supplement), serum vitamin D was increased (p=0.03; supplement>non-supplement), and BMD was maintained (p=0.03, supplement>non-supplement). There was a significant difference in the serum myostatin level at baseline and at 6-month in the non-supplement group, with a mean difference of 483.78 ng/ml (p=0.01). There was no significant improvement in the total lean mass, and handgrip strength. Resistance exercise combined with an amino acid supplement affects muscle and bone mass in the short-term intervention.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol. 9, No. 4
Authors: Sun Barbara
Published: December 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol. 9, No. 4, 2017
CURVATURE APPROXIMATION FROM PARABOLIC SECTORS
Authors: Gual-Arnau Ximo , Ibáñez Gual Maria Victoria , Monterde Juan
Published: December 2017

We propose an invariant three-point curvature approximation for plane curves based on the arc of a parabolic sector, and we analyze how closely this approximation is to the true curvature of the curve. We compare our results with the obtained with other invariant three-point curvature approximations. Finally, an application is discussed.
STEREOLOGY, AN UNBIASED METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO STUDY PLANT ANATOMY AND CYTOLOGY: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
Authors: Kubínová Lucie , Radochová Barbora , Lhotáková Zuzana , Kubínová Zuzana , Albrechtová Jana
Published: December 2017

This review presents an historical overview of stereological methods used for the quantitative evaluation of plant anatomical and cytological structures. It includes the origins of these methods up to the most recent developments such as the application of stereology based on 3D images. We focus especially on leaf, as the vast majority of studies of plant microscopic structure examine this organ. An overview of plant cell ultrastructure measurements as well as plant anatomical characteristics (e.g. plant tissue volume density, internal leaf surface area, number and mean size of mesophyll cells and chloroplast number), which were estimated by stereological methods most frequently, is presented. We emphasize the importance of proper sampling needed for unbiased measurements. Furthermore, we mention other methods used for plant morphometric studies and briefly discuss their relevance, precision, unbiasedness and efficiency in comparison with unbiased stereology. Finally, we discuss reasons for the sparse use of stereology in plant anatomy and consider the future of stereology in plant research.
Sliding Mode Control for a Gyroscope System
Authors: KRZYSZTOFIK Izabela , KORUBA Zbigniew
Published: December 2017

This paper presents a mathematical model of a gyroscope system with a sliding mode controller. A comparative analysis based on various control algorithms implemented in a controlled gyroscope system installed on a mobile platform (such as an UAV or a homing rocket missile) proved that sliding mode control can be highly effective, especially when external input interferences exist with the kinematic reactions of the mobile platform. A gyroscope system with a sliding mode controller can be used in the optical target seeker systems of precision weapons. The simulation results are provided in a graphical format.
Projekt wizyjnego modułu komunikacyjnego dla systemu automatyki budynkowej
Authors: KROGULEC Przemysław , ŚMIETAŃSKI Waldemar
Published: December 2017

W artykule przedstawiono projekt wizyjnego modułu komunikacyjnego dla systemu automatyki budynkowej. Opisano implementację idei wideofonu na popularnej platformie Raspberry Pi, budowę urządzenia oraz zasadę działania opracowanych w języku Python aplikacji nim sterujących.
Neurčitosť v práve
Authors: Bárány Eduard
Published: December 2017

Právo sa usiluje o určitosť, ale je nevyhnutne neurčité a zvlášť nevyhranené. Časť jeho nevyhranenosti spôsobuje neostrosť prirodzeného jazyka, ale niektoré časti právneho systému (právne princípy) sú inherentne neurčité. Existuje zvláštny druh neurčitosti spôsobený komplexnosťou právnych systémov.Praktické riešenie problému neurčitosti formuloval P. Heck v roku 1913. Jeho model významu právneho pojmu (jadro – periféria – nepatrí do rámca pojmu) sa stále používa pri výklade práva. Neurčitosť ovplyvňuje fungovanie právneho systému, v menšej miere mu prospieva, ale zároveň ohrozuje predvídateľnosť uplatňovanie práva.
Prezident Ruské federace v rozhodnutích Ústavního soudu Ruské federace
Authors: Hradský Kamil
Published: December 2017

Navzdory 26 letům své existence doposud nenabyl právní institut Prezidenta Ruské federace v ruském právním prostředí pevných kontur. Cílem tohoto článku je podívat se na prezidenta očima Ústavního soudu Ruské federace, tzn. předložit čtenáři, jaké základní otázky ve vztahu k prezidentovi řešil ústavní soud, jak je posoudil a čím svá rozhodnutí zdůvodnil. Při absenci podrobné právní úpravy, obecnosti ústavy a nejasného postavení prezidenta v systému dělby státní moci získávají rozhodnutí ústavního soudu důležitost tím, že se podstatnou měrou podílejí na vymezení institutu ruského prezidenta. Jednotlivá rozhodnutí ústavního soudu jsou pečlivě vybrána tak, aby poukázala na obecnější tendence a kvalitu argumentace ústavního soudu.
Human Papillomavirus Testing in Head and Neck Carcinomas: Guideline From the College of American Pathologists
Authors: Lewis James S. , Beadle Beth , Bishop Justin A. , Chernock Rebecca D. , Colasacco Carol , Lacchetti Christina , Moncur Joel Todd , Rocco James W. , Schwartz Mary R. , Seethala Raja R. , Thomas Nicole E. , Westra William H. , Faquin William C.
Published: December 2017

Context

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major cause of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, and HPV (and/or surrogate marker p16) status has emerged as a prognostic marker that significantly impacts clinical management. There is no current consensus on when to test oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas for HPV/p16 or on which tests to choose.

Objective

To develop evidence-based recommendations for the testing, application, interpretation, and reporting of HPV and surrogate marker tests in head and neck carcinomas.

Design

The College of American Pathologists convened a panel of experts in head and neck and molecular pathology, as well as surgical, medical, and radiation oncology, to develop recommendations. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to address 6 key questions. Final recommendations were derived from strength of evidence, open comment period feedback, and expert panel consensus.

Results

The major recommendations include (1) testing newly diagnosed oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients for high-risk HPV, either from the primary tumor or from cervical nodal metastases, using p16 immunohistochemistry with a 70% nuclear and cytoplasmic staining cutoff, and (2) not routinely testing nonsquamous oropharyngeal carcinomas or nonoropharyngeal carcinomas for HPV. Pathologists are to report tumors as HPV positive or p16 positive. Guidelines are provided for testing cytologic samples and handling of locoregional and distant recurrence specimens.

Conclusions

Based on the systematic review and on expert panel consensus, high-risk HPV testing is recommended for all new oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients, but not routinely recommended for other head and neck carcinomas.
Design, Construction, and Calibration of a Temperature Monitoring System
for Resistance Standards
Authors: Paseltiner Daniel , Payagala Shamith , Jarrett Dean
Published: December 2017

We present the design, construction, calibration, and software
development of a temperature monitoring system for resistance standards. The
system supports 19 temperature probes. Over the range 295.15 K to 299.15 K
(22 °C to 26 °C), we report an expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of 9 mK. With
the addition of a calibrated standard reference thermometer and a
programmable oil bath, the system was used to automatically calibrate the
temperature probes over this 4 K range. In continuous operation, this system
supplies a constant current to thermistor temperature probes and a reference
resistor, and it measures the voltage across them. The ratio between each of
the probe voltages and the reference voltage is multiplied by the reference
resistance to determine the resistance of each probe. To reduce systematic
errors, voltage measurements are taken with the current flowing in both
directions. Finally, using the Steinhart-Hart model, the probe resistances
are converted to their corresponding temperatures and recorded to a secure
network drive. If a probe reads a temperature outside of the desired
temperature range for its location, an email alert is sent to all the staff
who work in the laboratory. An additional message will be sent to facility
services if the probe is measuring the room temperature in the laboratory.
The system was developed for the NIST resistance laboratory, but it could
easily be duplicated for use in any laboratory environment where continuous
temperature monitoring in multiple locations with expanded uncertainty (k =
2) of 9 mK is needed.
L’aportació del Gazophylacium catalano-latinum, de Joan Lacavalleria, a la terminologia catalana
Authors: Montalat Pere
Published: December 2017

The publication in 1696 of the Catalan-Latin dictionary Gazophylacium Catalano-Latinum by Joan Lacavalleria led to the incorporation into Catalan of a large number of technical terms, in spite of the early modern sociocultural context being unfavourable to scientific and technical developments. The Gazophylacium is the Catalan version of a French-Latin dictionary, Le Dictionaire royal augmenté by François-Antoine Pomey. Therefore, Lacavalleria may be considered as an initiator of the systematic transfer procedure of terminological units of French origin into Catalan, which were also adopted by many other languages of culture until well into the twentieth century, and that favoured the circulation of internationalisms. This article mainly describes the terminological units transferred from the French source into Catalan, examines the main proceedings of terminological formation and the adapting process of French terms into Catalan and, lastly, it accounts for the reception and subsequent implementation of these terms.
El Llibre de menescalia de la Societat Castellonenca de Cultura
Authors: Gimeno Betí Lluís
Published: December 2017

The library of the Societat Castellonenca de Cultura (Castelló de la Plana) keeps a Catalan manuscript on menescalia (veterinary medicine) virtually unknown to the specialists. Here we provide a diplomatic description, a presentation of its content, and particularly a first linguistic analysis. Our study allows us to locate its elaboration in the mid-14th century within the area of Morella, and to attribute it to a paraire or to a merchant. The manuscript is currently in the process of being edited.
From creationism to economics: How far should analyses of pseudoscience extend?
Authors: Edis Taner
Published: December 2017

Both the scientific and philosophical problems with classic pseudosciences such as astrology and creationism are well known, leading to institutions that are not structured to promote cognitive advancement. A focus on institutions, however, also encourages recognition of gray areas, such as parapsychology, which combines scientifically dubious claims with institutions that are comparable to most social sciences in their structure. Furthermore, institutional approaches to pseudoscience also raise questions about some academically mainstream fields such as economics. In such cases, pseudoscientific aspects of practice are harder to identify, highlighting the need to place analyses of pseudoscience in a wider context of institutional pathologies.
Ser argumentador crítico razonable Sugerencias para atender críticamente a pseudocientíficos y otras especies
Authors: Alcolea Banegas Jesús
Published: December 2017

El discurso sobre la pseudociencia viene acompañado del discurso de la ciencia. A pesar de los intentos por separar ambos dominios, las personas siguen confiando en remedios pseudocientíficos. La facilidad con que las creencias se contagian, la popularidad de determinados productos y la palabrería de sus vendedores suelen dejarnos en manos de supuestos expertos. Aunque el método científico puede ayudarnos a demostrar la ineficacia de ciertos remedios, no siempre disponemos de argumentos concluyentes para despejar las dudas, de forma que quedamos a merced de supuestos conocimientos técnicos o bajo el falso rigor científico. Frente a ello debemos recurrir al pensamiento crítico y a las vías que nos ofrece para atender a supuestos expertos y conducirnos de forma razonable.
Pseudociencia y mala ciencia en biomedicina: Análisis de evidencias, riesgos para la salud y difusión mediática
Authors: Casino Gonzalo
Published: December 2017

La pseudociencia (falsa ciencia) y la ciencia basada en estudios defectuosos y sesgados (mala ciencia) producen conocimiento falso o incierto, sin pruebas o con evidencias de baja calidad. Ambas representan un riesgo para la salud: las terapias basadas en pseudociencia porque pueden reemplazar o retrasar los tratamientos convencionales y la biomedicina de baja calidad porque propicia intervenciones médicas que pueden ser peligrosas. En la prensa, las terapias alternativas tienen menor presencia que las investigaciones de baja calidad, mientras el encuadre suele ser negativo para las primeras y positivo para las segundas. Ambas precisan estudios más completos y rigurosos para comprender mejor sus efectos negativos sobre el pensamiento crítico, la economía y la toma de decisiones que afectan a la salud.
Núvols d’avions: De la pseudociència dels ‘chemtrails’ a la ciència dels ‘contrails’
Authors: Mazon Jordi , Costa Marcel , Pino David
Published: December 2017

Les afirmacions i els arguments més freqüents trobats en fòrums i pàgines web de pseudociència en favor de l’existència dels deixants dels avions, que anomenen chemtrails, es refuten a partir de l’explicació científica del procés de formació dels deixants de condensació o sublimació dels avions, els coneguts contrails. Es descarta la hipòtesi de l’existència dels chemtrails, ja que aquests no difereixen en res dels contrails, els quals són de natura hídrica i resultat d’un procés físic referenciat en nombrosos estudis desenvolupats des de començament de l’era de l’aviació, a començament del segle XX, fins a l’actualitat. L’article permet concloure que els chemtrails de la pseudociència no són res més que els contrails que defineix la ciència.
Finding novel relationships with integrated gene-gene association network analysis of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 using species-independent text-mining
Authors: Kreula Sanna M , Kaewphan Suwisa , Ginter Filip , Jones Patrik R
Published: December 2017

The increasing move towards open access full-text scientific literature enhances our ability to utilize advanced text-mining methods to construct information-rich networks that no human will be able to grasp simply from 'reading the literature'. The utility of text-mining for well-studied species is obvious though the utility for less studied species, or those with no prior track-record at all, is not clear. Here we present a concept for how advanced text-mining can be used to create information-rich networks even for less well studied species and apply it to generate an open-access gene-gene association network resource for Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a representative model organism for cyanobacteria and first case-study for the methodology. By merging the text-mining network with networks generated from species-specific experimental data, network integration was used to enhance the accuracy of predicting novel interactions that are biologically relevant. A rule-based algorithm was constructed in order to automate the search for novel candidate genes with a high degree of likely association to known target genes by (1) ignoring established relationships from the existing literature, as they are already 'known', and (2) demanding multiple independent evidences for every novel and potentially relevant relationship. Using selected case studies, we demonstrate the utility of the network resource and rule-based algorithm to (i) discover novel candidate associations between different genes or proteins in the network, and (ii) rapidly evaluate the potential role of any one particular gene or protein. The full network is provided as an open source resource.
Contribution of the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) for the maternal care of preterm neonates
Authors: Dittz Erika Silva , Alves Claudia Regina Lindgren , Duarte Elysângela Dittz , Magalhães Lívia De Castro
Published: December 2017

Introduction: In the care of preterm newborn, practices that favor the participation of mothers in care are recommended. The use of appropriate instruments by professionals can contribute to strengthen maternal participation.Objective: To analyse the contributions of the use of the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) for the maternal care of preterm neonates.Methods: Descriptive qualitative study, using participant observation and semi-structured interviews with 14 mothers of preterm newborns who underwent NBO. Data was submitted to content analysis, assinted by the software MAXQda 12.Results: It was found that the mothers' prior perceptions of the newborn´s capacities or how they react to environmental stimuli do not differ from what was observed and reported by them after NBO. However, it was verified that NBO confirms this perception and broadens the mothers' understanding of the meaning of the newborn's behavior. Participating in the NBO helped the mothers to identify strategies to find the needs of the newborn, qualifying the care already performed by them and opening new possibilities for maternal care.Conclusions: The NBO is an instrument that favors the mother's learning about the behavior of the newborn and contributes to the construction of practices with potential to be used by them within daily care. This allows us to consider it as a tool that favors the mother-baby relationship, contributes to the mother's participation in the care, and supports the mother in the construction of her autonomy for the continuity of the newborn's care after hospital discharge.
Web-Based Patient Experience Surveys to Enhance Response Rates
Authors: Labovitz Jonathan , Patel Neil , Santander Israel
Published: December 2017

Background:

Patient experience is a critical component of continuous quality improvement and value-based health-care delivery. This study aimed to identify a simple, cost-effective means of administering a validated patient experience survey in ambulatory-care settings.

Methods:

Patients were randomly assigned to groups to complete the validated Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) clinician and group patient satisfaction survey using a Web-based platform. The response rate was assessed for in-clinic and e-mail distribution and was compared with the historical response rates. Patients were able to change groups after randomization to assess effect on response rate and potential bias. The cost of survey administration was compared.

Results:

Of 132 participants, 87 completed surveys (65.9%), with no significant differences among distribution methods. Twenty-three participants self-selected the in-clinic survey after being randomized to the e-mail cohort. Survey responses were statistically significantly different in only three of 34 questions. Web-based survey administration costs two to four times less than standard mail, phone, and mixed-modal survey administration.

Conclusions:

We recommend that ambulatory clinics use Web-based technology to administer CAHPS clinician and group surveys, using both e-mail and in-clinic distribution to enhance the response rate.
Ultrasound-Guided Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection in a Patient with a Plantar Fascia Tear
Authors: Öztürk Gökhan Tuna , Ulaşlı Alper Murat
Published: December 2017

We report the case of a 40-year-old female patient presenting with resistant heel pain attributable to plantar fascia rupture. She was treated with ultrasound-guided platelet-rich plasma injection, and her pain was decreased. Additionally, ultrasound was useful for diagnosis, intervention and follow-up of the patient.
Ratiometric sensing of BiP-client versus BiP levels by the unfolded protein response determines its signaling amplitude
Authors: Bakunts Anush , Orsi Andrea , Vitale Milena , Cattaneo Angela , Lari Federica , Tadè Laura , Sitia Roberto , Raimondi Andrea , Bachi Angela , van Anken Eelco
Published: December 2017

Insufficient folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore homeostasis. Yet, how the UPR achieves ER homeostatic readjustment is poorly investigated, as in most studies the ER stress that is elicited cannot be overcome. Here we show that a proteostatic insult, provoked by persistent expression of the secretory heavy chain of immunoglobulin M (µs), is well-tolerated in HeLa cells. Upon µs expression, its levels temporarily eclipse those of the ER chaperone BiP, leading to acute, full-geared UPR activation. Once BiP is in excess again, the UPR transitions to chronic, submaximal activation, indicating that the UPR senses ER stress in a ratiometric fashion. In this process, the ER expands about three-fold and becomes dominated by BiP. As the UPR is essential for successful ER homeostatic readjustment in the HeLa-µs model, it provides an ideal system for dissecting the intricacies of how the UPR evaluates and alleviates ER stress.
Archaeology as a Way of Talking about Things, 1750–1850
Authors: Miller Peter N.
Published: December 2017

This chapter turns to the study of antique literature, or philology, and the evolving understandings of the concepts of archaeology and antiquarianism during the late eighteenth century. This period saw a revolution in archaeology and in the awareness of it. The discoveries at Pompeii and Herculaneum c. 1750 stand at the center of this turn. But it was amplified by the spread of learned journals and institutes of higher learning, by the huge expansion in learned travel, and by the trickle down of ancient and archaizing style in art, architecture, and design from the highest social ranks to the lower. Despite such progress, however, even the very term “archaeology” stood as a rather ambiguous term, one which this chapter seeks to clarify.
Capitalist Crisis and Pension Insecurity
Authors: McCarthy Michael A.
Published: December 2017

This chapter develops the conceptual approach used to explain pension marketization. It first discusses how Americans, relative to their counterparts in other advanced capitalist countries, have had their retirement income more greatly exposed to capitalist market processes and pressures. It then reviews the historical evolution of private pension system in the United States since the New Deal. It draws on crisis management theories to understand the development of pensions in the Unites States. Next, it presents three arguments about how the pension system was changed and oriented toward the market. These arguments serve two functions. First, taken together, they explain each of the episodes of change in the private pension system. Second, they also form the conceptual framework for thinking about the structural contingency of welfare state change.
Conclusions
Authors: McCarthy Michael A.
Published: December 2017

This concluding chapter returns to the broad question motivating the core analyses of this book: Why, since the New Deal, has the market played a growing role in the distribution of retirement income in America? It draws out the book's main contributions and concludes with some brave speculation on its political implications for the future of retirement security. It argues that in order to exact solidaristic changes in the U.S. system of old-age security alongside progress in other welfare institutions, unions and working people should take a lesson from that past era. Though small, the organized and unorganized alike acted collectively and militantly and used one tactic that has today faded into memory—the strike—to spur policymakers into action. Although we are not locked into a path of marketization, only large scale collective action can get us off it to begin to build a system that ensures that our retired can live financially comfortable and stable lives.
Conclusion
Authors: Nisse Ruth
Published: December 2017

This book concludes with a discussion of two figures, one Christian and one Jewish, each a master storyteller of fictions of Diaspora. The first is “John Mandeville, knight,” who recalls his journey to everywhere in the mid-fourteenth-century French text Mandeville's Travels. In his account, Mandeville claims that Hebrew is no longer the language of the Old Testament but rather of the Jews' current-day conspiracies against Christians. The other voice is provided by Eleazer ben Asher ha-Levi, whose Book of Memory deals with inheritance in a diasporic inversion that encompasses the loss of Jerusalem. This conclusion also considers The Testament of Naphtali, a text that distills the themes of Diaspora in the Book of Memory and resists some of the redemptive possibilities for the ten Jewish tribes offered by rabbinic midrash.
Architects of Occupation
Authors: Barnes Dayna L.
Published: December 2017

The Allied occupation of Japan is remembered as the “good occupation.” An American-led coalition successfully turned a militaristic enemy into a stable and democratic ally. Of course, the story was more complicated, but the occupation did forge one of the most enduring relationships in the postwar world. Recent events, from the occupations of Iraq and Afghanistan to protests over American bases in Japan to increasingly aggressive territorial disputes between Asian nations over islands in the Pacific, have brought attention back to the subject of the occupation of Japan. This book exposes the wartime origins of occupation policy and broader plans for postwar Japan. It considers the role of presidents, bureaucrats, think tanks, the media, and Congress in policymaking. Members of these elite groups came together in an informal policy network that shaped planning. Rather than relying solely on government reports and records to understand policymaking, the book also uses letters, memoirs, diaries, and manuscripts written by policymakers to trace the rise and spread of ideas across the policy network. The book contributes a new facet to the substantial literature on the occupation, serves as a case study in foreign policy analysis, and tells a surprising new story about World War II.
Killing Others
Authors: Lange Matthew
Published: December 2017

This book examines the origins, causes, transformations, and future of ethnic violence by focusing on its natural history. Drawing on insight from numerous disciplines combined with a theoretical approach that it calls “cognitive modernism,” the book explores all types of ethnic violence across the world and transformations in ethnic violence over time in order to understand what caused seemingly normal people to kill Others. It argues that modernity is the most common and influential cause of ethnic violence and that communal perceptions and concerns must be analyzed in terms of ethnic consciousness, emotional prejudice, and obligations. This introduction defines key concepts such as ethnic violence, ethnicity, ethnic consciousness, ethnic frameworks, and ethnic structures. It also discusses three cultural and historical factors that delineate ethnic communities and are commonly used interchangeably with ethnicity: nation, race, and religious community.
The Origins of Ethnic Pluralism
Authors: Lange Matthew
Published: December 2017

This chapter examines the origins of ethnic pluralism. Most countries have populations with multiple and opposing ethnic consciousness, and such ethnic pluralism is a necessary condition for ethnic violence. In order to explain ethnic violence, one must therefore consider why only some places turned out like France—a country that has been successful at popularizing a common national consciousness. To help explain the French case, the chapter compares the nation-building processes in France, Spain, and the UK in the context of unity and disunity. It also discusses the interrelationships among path dependence, situationalism, and ethnic consciousness before assessing ethnic pluralism in large empires such as the Ottoman Empire and the former Soviet Union. Finally, it explores the role of overseas colonialism and missionaries in promoting ethnic diversity by focusing on Rwanda, Burundi, and Burma.
Playing Favorites
Authors: Nelson Stephen C.
Published: December 2017

This chapter examines quantitative evidence linking shared economic beliefs to variation in the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) treatment of borrowers. It first discusses the measures of IMF treatment before turning to the (indirect) indicators of policymakers' economic beliefs that are then used to construct the key variable in the analysis: the ideational distance between the IMF and the borrowing country. It also evaluates data related to the generosity, conditionality, and enforcement of nearly 500 IMF programs signed in the 1980s and 1990s. The goal is to determine whether borrowing governments with policymakers who shared beliefs with the IMF received bigger loans, fewer conditions, and easier enforcement of the conditions. The results of quantitative analysis show that there is a pattern of favoritism in a large sample of the Fund programs.
Implications, Extensions, and Speculations
Authors: Nelson Stephen C.
Published: December 2017

This book has argued that neoliberal economic beliefs are embedded in the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) organizational culture. It has advanced a framework with pathways showing how these neoliberal ideas shared by IMF decision makers and by policymakers in borrowing governments are linked to variation in the relations between the two sides. It has provided empirical evidence supporting its claim that shared economic beliefs are indeed a powerful explanatory factor. This concluding chapter first review the book's ideational argument and compares it to the sources of systematic variation in IMF-borrower relations. It then analyzes the context for the resurgence of the IMF since 2008 and provides some preliminary statistical evidence suggesting that the IMF is still “playing favorites” when it comes to its conditional lending programs. Finally, it discusses the implications of the book's argument and findings for the study of international political economy and international organizations.
What Happened to Soviet Atheism?
Authors: Pelkmans Mathijs
Published: December 2017

This chapter examines how people position themselves in relation to atheism in order to determine what happened to Soviet scientific atheism more generally. It explores how atheism, which had vanished from public view in the early 1990s, came to be an object of ridicule and dismissal. Soviet atheism represented an extreme instance of the “hegemony of form” that had rendered ideological content redundant. The suggestion “hegemony of form” provides an important clue for why atheism could be easily dismissed. Focusing on contradictions in the architecture of atheism, the chapter argues that the absence of a utopian dimension in Soviet atheism prevented its authentic realization and failed to incite lasting commitment and conviction in most people. In turn, atheism was swiftly removed at the end of the Soviet period.
Pentecostal Miracle Truth on the Frontier
Authors: Pelkmans Mathijs
Published: December 2017

This chapter examines how the truth of miracles becomes simultaneously more pertinent and less stable as we move into the frontier. Miracles occupy a central place in Pentecostal churches, but they have been seldom addressed as an analytical theme in studies of Pentecostalism due in part to the awkwardness of the truth question. With its emphasis on prayer and divine intervention, Pentecostalism gained a significant foothold in Kyrgyzstan. This chapter first provides an overview of Pentecostal frontier in the post-Soviet era before discussing the effervescent as well as fragile qualities of the Pentecostal conviction. It argues that a focus on miracles is intellectually productive because their mysterious and unstable qualities resonate with the unstable nature of conviction. This resonance can be illustrated with reference to the term “charisma.”