bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Database: an omics platform for reference, integration and analysis of triple-negative breast cancer data
Authors: Raju Rajesh , Paul Aswathy Mary , Asokachandran Vivekanand , George Bijesh , Radhamony Lekshmi , Vinaykumar Meena , Girijadevi Reshmi , Pillai Madhavan Radhakrishna
Published: December 2014

No abstract
Congruences for Taylor expansions of quantum modular forms
Authors: Guerzhoy Pavel , Kent Zachary A , Rolen Larry
Published: December 2014

Recently, a beautiful paper of Andrews and Sellers has established linear congruences for the Fishburn numbers modulo an infinite set of primes. Since then, a number of authors have proven refined results, for example, extending all of these congruences to arbitrary powers of the primes involved. Here, we take a different perspective and explain the general theory of such congruences in the context of an important class of quantum modular forms. As one example, we obtain an infinite series of combinatorial sequences connected to the ‘half-derivatives’ of the Andrews-Gordon functions and with Kashaev’s invariant on (2m+1,2) torus knots, and we prove conditions under which the sequences satisfy linear congruences modulo at least 50% of primes.
Magnetoreception in birds: II. Behavioural experiments concerning the cryptochrome cycle
Authors: Wiltschko Roswitha , Gehring Dennis , Denzau Susanne , Nießner Christine , Wiltschko Wolfgang
Published: December 2014

Behavioural tests of the magnetic compass of birds and corresponding immunohistological studies on the activation of retinal cryptochrome 1a, the putative receptor molecule, showed oriented behaviour and activated Cry1a under 373 nm UV, 424 nm blue, 502 nm turquoise and 565 nm green light, although the last wavelength does not allow the first step of photoreduction of cryptochrome to the semiquinone form. The tested birds had been kept under ‘white’ light before, hence we suggested that there was a supply of semiquinone present at the beginning of the exposure to green light that could be further reduced and then re-oxidized. To test the hypothesis in behavioural experiments, we tested robins, Erithacus rubecula, under various wavelengths (1) after 1 h pre-exposure to total darkness and (2) after 1 h pre-exposure to the same light as used in the test. The birds were oriented under blue and turquoise light, where the full cryptochrome cycle can run, but not under green light. This finding is in agreement with the hypothesis. Orientation under green light appears to be a transient phenomenon until the supply of semiquinone is depleted.
The Effects of Poor Neonatal Health on Children's Cognitive Development
Authors: Figlio David , Guryan Jonathan , Karbownik Krzysztof , Roth Jeffrey
Published: December 2014

We make use of a new data resource—merged birth and school records for all children born in Florida from 1992 to 2002—to study the relationship between birth weight and cognitive development. Using singletons as well as twin and sibling fixed effects models, we find that the effects of early health on cognitive development are essentially constant through the school career; that these effects are similar across a wide range of family backgrounds; and that they are invariant to measures of school quality. We conclude that the effects of early health on adult outcomes are therefore set very early. (JEL I12, J13, J24)
Hot and Cold Seasons in the Housing Market
Authors: Ngai L. Rachel , Tenreyro Silvana
Published: December 2014

Every year housing markets in the United Kingdom and the United States experience systematic above-trend increases in prices and transactions during the spring and summer (“hot season”) and below-trend falls during the autumn and winter (“cold season”). House price seasonality poses a challenge to existing housing models. We propose a search-and-matching model with thick-market effects. In thick markets, the quality of matches increases, rising buyers' willingness to pay and sellers' desire to transact. A small, deterministic driver of seasonality can be amplified and revealed as deterministic seasonality in transactions and prices, quantitatively mimicking seasonal fluctuations in UK and US markets. (JEL C78, R21, R31)
Reputation and Persistence of Adverse Selection in Secondary Loan Markets
Authors: Chari V. V. , Shourideh Ali , Zetlin-Jones Ariel
Published: December 2014

The volume of new issuances in secondary loan markets fluctuates over time and falls when collateral values fall. We develop a model with adverse selection and reputation that is consistent with such fluctuations. Adverse selection ensures that the volume of trade falls when collateral values fall. Without reputation, the equilibrium has separation, adverse selection is quickly resolved, and trade volume is independent of collateral value. With reputation, the equilibrium has pooling and adverse selection persists over time. The equilibrium is efficient unless collateral values are low and originators' reputational levels are low. We describe policies that can implement efficient outcomes. (JEL D82, G11, G21, G28)
The Dynamic Efficiency Costs of Common-Pool Resource Exploitation
Authors: Huang Ling , Smith Martin D.
Published: December 2014

We conduct the first empirical investigation of common-pool resource users' dynamic and strategic behavior at the micro level using real-world data. Fishermen's strategies in a fully dynamic game account for latent resource dynamics and other players' actions, revealing the profit structure of the fishery. We compare the fishermen's actual and socially optimal exploitation paths under a time-specific vessel allocation policy and find a sizable dynamic externality. Individual fishermen respond to other users by exerting effort above the optimal level early in the season. Congestion is costly instantaneously but is beneficial in the long run because it partially offsets dynamic inefficiencies. (JEL D24, Q21, Q22)
Trade Wars and Trade Talks with Data
Authors: Ossa Ralph
Published: December 2014

How large are optimal tariffs? What tariffs would prevail in a worldwide trade war? How costly would a breakdown of international trade policy cooperation be? And what is the scope for future multilateral trade negotiations? I address these and other questions using a unified framework which nests traditional, new trade, and political economy motives for protection. I find that optimal tariffs average 62 percent, world trade war tariffs average 63 percent, the government welfare losses from a breakdown of international trade policy cooperation average 2.9 percent, and the possible government welfare gains from future multilateral trade negotiations average 0.5 percent. (JEL F12, F13, O19)
Risk Matters: The Real Effects of Volatility Shocks: Comment
Authors: Born Benjamin , Pfeifer Johannes
Published: December 2014

We show that the risk-shock business cycle model of Fernández-Villaverde et al. (2011) must be recalibrated because it underpredicts the targeted business cycle moments by a factor of three once a time aggregation error is corrected. Recalibrating the corrected model for the benchmark case of Argentina, the peak response and the contribution of interest rate risk shocks to business cycle volatility increase. However, the recalibrated model does worse in capturing the business cycle properties of net exports once an additional error in the computation of net exports is corrected. (JEL E13, E20, E32, E43, F32, F43, O11)
Methodological aspects of assessment of the historical-cultural potential as the resource of the tourist complex (on the example of the territory of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast)
Authors: Гировка Николай , Girovka Nikolay
Published: December 2014

The article proposes a methodology according to which the assessment of tourist recreational historical-cultural potential of administrative regions of Nizhny Novgorod oblast was conducted which was based on the sequential analysis of types of monuments, their quantity, status, density on the one hand, and the diversity of interests of experienced tourists on the other. As the result of the research, an estimation model was proposed which allowed to conduct the resource tourist recreational zoning of administrative regions of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast.

The practical application of the proposed estimation systems and corresponding tourist zoning in the planning and designing of the territories allows to structure the resources of the territory, to predict the potential tourist specialization of regions, the possibilities to create the thematic tourist complex and to optimize the usage of their resources and their conservation, respectively.
New military historical routes: regional aspects of creation
Authors: Федулин Александр , Fedulin Aleksandr , Минаев Владимир , Minaev Vladimir
Published: December 2014

The article considers the problems of new military-historical routes creation in regions and municipalities of Russia and shows their influence on patriotic upbringing as the most important educational function. The conclusion is made that the activity in this direction helps to preserve social stability, the formation of patriotic consciousness. Attention is drawn to the problem of systematization and certification of places and objects of tourism related to military history in the regions and municipalities, as well as on issues of hostilities reconstruction. The article focuses on the activities of decision-making state structures, aimed at helping businesses engaged in the development of military-historical tourism and formulates the requirements to the activity of the employees of regional and municipal tourism administrations in the development of the military-historical routes. The possibilities and directions of brands military-historical tourism development are shown on the example of Crimea. The article concludes that the creation of the "road maps" are necessary in the development of the military-historical routes.
Peculiarities of innovations in human services (on the example of the hospitality industry)
Authors: Похомчикова Елена , Pokhomchikova Elena
Published: December 2014

The article highlights the problems of innovations in the sphere of service industry and particularly in the hospitality industry. The research is topical due to the lack of development of methodological aspects of the hospitality industry and due to the lack of innovation classifications in Russian scientific literature with allowance for service type of business of these companies. The article analyzes publication activity in the sphere of service innovations researches and presents the peculiarities of innovative activity of services sphere companies, describes the assimilating and differentiating approaches to the definition of methodology of innovations in the services sphere and their correlation with industry, proposes the synthetic approach as the most acceptable in modern conditions of´servicization " of production sphere and "industrialization" of services sphere — the approach which combines both above described approaches and admits the importance of services and service sectors for all branches of economy, proposes directions of innovative development of hospitality industry companies.
Integrated marketing communications of educational management of secondary vocational education
Authors: Багаутдинова Татьяна , Bagautdinova Tatyana , Смайловская Маргарита , Smaylovskaya Margarita , Ульяниченко Людмила , Ulyanichenko Lyudmila
Published: December 2014

Information about educational market functioning is well indicated in educational literature and periodicals. As in any market, there are sellers (those who offer educational services) and consumers (service-users) in educational market. The question about the consumers of educational services is controversial, the understanding of this term is ambiguous. After studying various approaches to the consumers of educational services, we singled out the main groups of secondary vocational education (SVE) customers, then we expanded them and described their correlation with the educational organization and the benefits (i.e. the results of the correlation which satisfied the wants) of each party as applied to small town. The introduced groups underlie the Structure of interaction of educational services consumers (hereinafter the Structure). In the Structure the directions (channels) of formal and informal communications are designated with arrows, the relations with customers are being managed through these channels. This structure of interaction between the SVE educational organization and consumers we define as the scheme of directions (channels) of marketing communications between consumers and the SVE educational organization. Building up the relations with the consumers, the educational organization has a right to choose the way to manage these relations independently. Basing on the Structure, we developed the levels of integration of marketing communications and offered the definitions of marketing communications and integrated marketing communications of the educational organization. Therefore, we concluded that the effective management of relations with consumers consists in the increase of benefits of the consumers and the SVE educational organization itself and can be achieved through the integration of marketing communications taking the means of the organization into account.
Tourism as an indicator of quality of life of population: sociological analysis
Authors: Варламова Анна , Varlamova Anna
Published: December 2014

Federation

The topicality of research of the concept "life quality" and its indicators has increased in recent decades. The interest to this subject is growing not only among scientists and researchers but also among politicians. The irreversible processes of internationalization and globalization cause this interest in the first place, and all countries and nations that strive for decent life conditions not only for the future, but also for the current population are involved in these processes.

Due to this, the article analyses the concept "life quality" and its indicators, i.e. indices that assess the life quality of the whole population of the country with regards to the national interests of the state. Tourism is considered as one of the indicators of life quality of the modern society. The article comprises the results of the pilot sociological studies conducted among the population of Moscow and Moscow Oblast on the subject of "Tourism as an indicator of life quality of the population of Moscow and Moscow Oblast".
The study of correlation between the result of exams in mathematics and students´ academic performance in higher education
Authors: Переяславская Людмила , Pereyaslavskaya Lyudmila , Переяславский Виталий , Pereyaslavskiy Vitaliy
Published: December 2014

This article is a continuation of the study by the same authors on the relationship of mathematics achievement in high school with academic performance in mathematics and other subjects at school. Adding statistics on students of the firstyear ofRussian State University of Tourism and Service allowed to increase the sample size in several times and to obtain more reliable results, which were originally obtained only for students of Finance and Technology Academy (FTA).

Data was collected from 104 students FTA ofthe first year (2013/2014 year students) and 290 students ofRSUTS of the first year (2012/2013 year of study), and the later were represented by 180 students from the Faculty of Economics (FE), and 110 students from the Faculty of service (FS). For FTA the data contain the following parameters: the average score in mathematics in the certificate, the USE in math, USE in Russian, a total score of USE (Unified State Examination) to enroll in college and academic performance in high school mathematics. For RSUTS the data was obtained on the same

parameters, except for the average score in mathematics in the certificate. For these parameters were found accurate interval estimates of the correlation coefficients, as well as histograms of frequencies to test the hypothesis of normal distribution. For statistical calculations and histograms the authors used formulae oj"mathematicalstatistics andcomputersoftwareforstatisticaldata processing STATISTICA.

The study of interval frequency parameters showed that the USE in Russian has a distribution of frequencies close to the normal law. While the frequency of USE in math scores is significantly different from the normal distribution. This suggests a significant impact on the results of USE in maths by factors

which do not possess the nature of the random deviations. It is shown that admission to university,

and as a result a new life stage, a change of scenery and teachers provide students with additional

opportunities in revealing mathematical abilities.
Analysis of the relevance of work types in the field of service and consumer services to the standards of professional education
Authors: Погребова Елена , Pogrebova Elena
Published: December 2014

This article was prepared according to the results of the scientific research conducted at Russian State University of Tourism and Service in the framework of the research project «Development of the project sectoral qualifications framework in the field of public services». The need to develop sectoral qualification frameworks is due to the need of the strategy of learning throughout life in the light of technical, technological, economic and other changes in service in general and consumer services in particular. Detailed design of the project was preceded by an exploratory phase, which main objectives were: 1) the study of the content of the federal state educational standards of primary, higher and vocational education in relation to the area of service and consumer services by parameters such as the type and characteristics of the professional activity of graduates and professional competences; 2) identification of ways to achieve the appropriate level of qualification by type of employment in consumer services by major industry groups in services in accordance with the levels of the educational system (VPO, SPO, NPO).

The results obtained by the authors at the research stage formed the basis of this article. The empirical base of the study was the educational standards of professional education, which can be used directly or indirectly for the analysis of the requirements for professional activities of employees in the service, especially public services. Particular attention is paid to appropriate content types of jobs in the service and consumer services, for which the requirements are set out in the drafts of improved federal state educational standards of higher education. The result of the study was the authors´ model of continued professional education in the field of services and consumer services.
Making Better Fulfillment Decisions on the Fly in an Online Retail Environment
Authors: Acimovic Jason , Graves Stephen C.
Published: December 2014

Relative to brick-and-mortar retailers, online retailers have the potential to offer more options to their customers, with respect to both inventory as well as delivery times. To do this entails the management of a distribution network with more decision options than a traditional retailer. The online retailer, not the customer, decides from where items will ship, by what shipping method, and how or whether multiple-item orders will be broken up into multiple shipments. What is the best way to fulfill each customer’s order to minimize average outbound shipping cost? We partner with an online retailer to examine this question. We develop a heuristic that makes fulfillment decisions by minimizing the immediate outbound shipping cost plus an estimate of future expected outbound shipping costs. These estimates are derived from the dual values of a transportation linear program (LP). In our experiments on industry data, we capture 36% of the opportunity gap assuming clairvoyance, leading to reductions in outbound shipping costs on the order of 1%. These cost savings are achieved without any deterioration in customer service levels or any increase in holding costs. The transportation LP also serves as the basis for a metric that provides information on the quality of the inventory position. Based on initial successful piloting, our industrial partner has implemented the metric as well as a version of the heuristic that it is applying to every fulfillment decision for each of its stock keeping units in North America.
Spotting and treating malnutrition
Authors: Best Carolyn , Evans Liz
Published: December 2014

Expenditure can be reduced by diagnosing malnutrition sooner, explain Carolyn Best and Liz Evans
Tips to tackle low-level disruption
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: December 2014

Low-level disruption can often be one of the most difficult classroom challenges to handle. Dorothy Lepkowska seeks some advice on behalf of NQTs
Looking for leadership responsibilities?
Authors: Smart Jeanette
Published: December 2014

Many NQTs will already be thinking about their career paths. Jeanette Smart offers some advice about taking on leadership responsibilities
The Pygmalion Effect
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: December 2014

The Pygmalion Effect dictates that the higher your expectations of your students, the better they will perform – but what do ‘high expectations’ actually look like in practice? Matt Bromley advises
Effectiveness of the Vietnamese Good Agricultural Practice (VietGAP) on plant growth and quality of Choy Sum (Brassica rapa var. Parachinensis) in Northern Vietnam
Authors: Ha Tuan M.
Published: December 2014

In response to the recent concerns about human health, ecosystem sustainability and thus demands for food safety, production of clean produce, particularly daily-consumed vegetables, is essential. The study was carried out in Thai Nguyen city (northern Vietnam) during August – November 2011 to evaluate impacts of a VietGAP guideline on plant growth and quality of Choy Sum, one of the major vegetables in the research area. The experiment comprised two treatments, a control (local farmers’ conventional practice) and an experimental treatment (plants grown according to the VietGAP guideline). Plant samples of the latter treatment were collected for quality test at the end of the experiment. Results showed that the experimental plants had significant higher growth parameters with regards to leaf areas (7.13 dm2) and average top plant weight (3.33 kg m-2), while those of the control treatment were 5.80 dm2 and 2.77 kg m-2, respectively. Lab test results showed the experimental plant samples met the national quality standards to be certified as a clean product. The participatory on-field experiment would facilitate critical reflections, transformative learning and readiness for adoption of eco-friendly production practices by the local farmers
A review of the cut-off points for the diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency in the general population
Authors: Aparicio-Ugarriza Raquel , Palacios Gonzalo , Alder Monika , González-Gross Marcela
Published: December 2014

Vitamin B
The Governance of Foreign Investment at a Crossroad: Is an Overlapping Consensus the Way Forward?
Authors: Perrone Nicolás M.
Published: December 2014

This article makes the claim that the present efforts to reform the international investment regime (IIR) will not save this field from the existing criticisms. Given the plural values at issue, it is unlikely that states – let alone local populations – will ever reach a consensus on the substantive questions surrounding foreign investment. Historically, the main characteristic of foreign investment governance has been the lack of multilateral consensus. This field remained dominated by diplomacy and customary international law until bilateral treaties and investment arbitration became the leading mechanism to resolve investment disputes in the 1990s. This highly legalized regime, however, has been subject to criticisms from developing and increasingly from developed countries. Most reform proposals fail to go beyond alternatives that have been unsuccessful in the past, such as a multilateral investment agreement (MIA) or state-to-state arbitration. This article takes a different approach to foreign investment governance, starting from its political economy. It claims that the IIR does not depoliticize foreign investment relations but rather promotes the politics of foreign investors’ property rights protection. Relying on property theory and pluralism as heuristic tools, this article analyses the resistance to investment arbitration, the obstacles to multilateral cooperation, and the possibility of an overlapping consensus on the institutions for foreign investment governance.
The contribution of fat-free mass to resting energy expenditure: implications for weight loss strategies in the treatment of adolescent obesity
Authors: Browning Matthew G. , Evans Ronald K.
Published: December 2014

Owing to the strong relationship between fat-free mass (FFM) and resting energy expenditure (REE), the preservation of FFM is often emphasized in the treatment of adolescent obesity. Typical treatment regimens including an increased dietary consumption of protein and participation in resistance training are common components of adolescent weight management programs, despite limited evidence of a positive influence of FFM on weight loss outcomes in adolescents. Given the larger volume of FFM in obese relative to normal weight adolescents and the common treatment goals of both maximizing weight loss and attenuating the loss of FFM, a better understanding of the influence of FFM on energy balance is needed to determine whether strategies to preserve lean tissue or maximize absolute weight loss should be most emphasized. We review the associations among FFM, REE, and weight loss outcomes, focusing on how these relationships might influence energy balance in obese adolescents.
Parameter Identifiability of Discrete Bayesian Networks with Hidden Variables
Authors: Allman Elizabeth S. , Rhodes John A. , Stanghellini Elena , Valtorta Marco
Published: December 2014

Identifiability of parameters is an essential property for a statistical model to be useful in most settings. However, establishing parameter identifiability for Bayesian networks with hidden variables remains challenging. In the context of finite state spaces, we give algebraic arguments establishing identifiability of some special models on small directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). We also establish that, for fixed state spaces, generic identifiability of parameters depends only on the Markov equivalence class of the DAG. To illustrate the use of these results, we investigate identifiability for all binary Bayesian networks with up to five variables, one of which is hidden and parental to all observable ones. Surprisingly, some of these models have parameterizations that are generically 4-to-one, and not 2-to-one as label swapping of the hidden states would suggest. This leads to interesting conflict in interpreting causal effects.
Changes in Acceleration and Deceleration Capacity Throughout Professional Soccer Match-Play
Authors: Russell Mark , Sparkes William , Northeast Jonny , Cook Christian J. , Love Tom D. , Bracken Richard M. , Kilduff Liam P.
Published: December 2014

Russell, M, Sparkes, W, Northeast, J, Cook, CJ, Love, TD, Bracken, RM, and Kilduff, LP. Changes in acceleration and deceleration capacity throughout professional soccer match-play. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2839–2844, 2016—As the acceleration and deceleration demands of soccer are currently not well understood, this study aimed to profile markers of acceleration and deceleration capacity during professional soccer match-play. This within-player observational study required reserve team players from a Premier League club to wear 10-Hz Global Positioning System units throughout competitive matches played in the 2013–14 competitive season. Data are presented for players who completed 4 or more games during the season (n = 11), and variables are presented according to six 15-minute intervals (I1–6: 00:00–14:59 minutes, 15:00–29:59 minutes, 30:00–44:59 minutes, 45:00–59:59 minutes, 60:00–74:59 minutes, and 75:00–89:59 minutes, respectively). During I6, the distance covered (total, per minute, and at high intensity), number of sprints, accelerations (total and high intensity), decelerations (total and high intensity), and impacts were reduced compared with I1 (all p ≤ 0.05). The number of high-intensity impacts remained unchanged throughout match-play (p > 0.05). These findings indicate that high-intensity actions and markers of acceleration and deceleration capacity are reduced in the last 15 minutes of the normal duration of match-play. Such information can be used to increase the specificity of training programs designed for soccer players while also giving further insight in to the effects of 90 minutes of soccer-specific exercise. Interventions that seek to maintain the acceleration and deceleration capacity of players throughout the full duration of a soccer match warrant investigation.
Social Interaction Rescues Memory Deficit in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease by Increasing BDNF-Dependent Hippocampal Neurogenesis
Authors: Hsiao Ya-Hsin , Hung Hui-Chi , Chen Shun-Hua , Gean Po-Wu
Published: December 2014

It has been recognized that the risk of cognitive decline during aging can be reduced if one maintains strong social connections, yet the neural events underlying this beneficial effect have not been rigorously studied. Here, we show that amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) double-transgenic (APP/PS1) mice demonstrate improvement in memory after they are cohoused with wild-type mice. The improvement was associated with increased protein and mRNA levels of BDNF in the hippocampus. Concomitantly, the number of BrdU+/NeuN+cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was significantly elevated after cohousing. Methylazoxymethanol acetate, a cell proliferation blocker, markedly reduced BrdU+and BrdU/NeuN+cells and abolished the effect of social interaction. Selective ablation of mitotic neurons using diphtheria toxin (DT) and a retrovirus vector encoding DT receptor abolished the beneficial effect of cohousing. Knockdown of BDNF by shRNA transfection blocked, whereas overexpression of BDNF mimicked the memory-improving effect. A tropomyosin-related kinase B agonist, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, occluded the effect of social interaction. These results demonstrate that increased BDNF expression and neurogenesis in the hippocampus after cohousing underlie the reversal of memory deficit in APP/PS1 mice.
Regulation of Axonal Midline Guidance by Prolyl 4-Hydroxylation inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Torpe Nanna , Pocock Roger
Published: December 2014

Neuronal wiring during development requires that the growth cones of axons and dendrites are correctly guided to their appropriate targets. As in other animals, axon growth cones inCaenorhabditis elegansintegrate information in their extracellular environment via interactions among transiently expressed cell surface receptors, their ligands, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Components of the ECM undergo a wide variety of post-translational modifications that may affect efficacy of binding to neuronal guidance molecules. The most common modification of the ECM is prolyl 4-hydroxylation. However, little is known of its importance in the control of axon guidance. In a screen of prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H) mutants, we found that genetic removal of a specific P4H subunit, DPY-18, causes dramatic defects inC. elegansneuroanatomy. Indpy-18mutant animals, the axons of specific ventral nerve cord neurons do not respect the ventral midline boundary and cross over to the contralateral axon fascicle. We found that these defects are independent of the known role ofdpy-18in regulating body size and thatdpy-18acts from multiple tissues to regulate axon guidance. Finally, we found that the neuronal defects indpy-18mutant animals are dependent on the expression of muscle-derived basement membrane collagens and motor neuron-derived ephrin ligands. Loss ofdpy-18causes dysregulated ephrin expression and this is at least partially responsible for the neurodevelopmental defects observed. Together, our data suggest that DPY-18 regulates ephrin expression to direct axon guidance, a role for P4Hs that may be conserved in higher organisms.
Glial Dysfunction in the Mouse Habenula Causes Depressive-Like Behaviors and Sleep Disturbance
Authors: Cui Wanpeng , Mizukami Hiroaki , Yanagisawa Michiko , Aida Tomomi , Nomura Masatoshi , Isomura Yoshikazu , Takayanagi Ryoichi , Ozawa Keiya , Tanaka Kohichi , Aizawa Hidenori
Published: December 2014

The lateral habenula (LHb) regulates the activity of monoaminergic neurons in the brainstem. This area has recently attracted a surge of interest in psychiatry because studies have reported the pathological activation of the habenula in patients with major depression and in animal models. The LHb plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of depression; however, how habenular neurons are activated to cause various depression symptoms, such as reduced motivation and sleep disturbance, remain unclear. We hypothesized that dysfunctional astrocytes may cause LHb hyperactivity due to the defective uptake activity of extracellular glutamate, which induces depressive-like behaviors. We examined the activity of neurons in habenular pathways and performed behavioral and sleep analyses in mice with pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the activity of the glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 in the LHb. The habenula-specific inhibition of GLT-1 increased the neuronal firing rate and the level of c-Fos expression in the LHb. Mice with reduced GLT-1 activity in the habenula exhibited a depressive-like phenotype in the tail suspension and novelty-suppressed feeding tests. These animals also displayed increased susceptibility to chronic stress, displaying more frequent avoidant behavior without affecting locomotor activity in the open-field test. Intriguingly, the mice showed disinhibition of rapid eye movement sleep, which is a characteristic sleep pattern in patients with depression. These results provide evidence that disrupting glutamate clearance in habenular astrocytes increases neuronal excitability and depressive-like phenotypes in behaviors and sleep.
Probing α4βδ GABAAReceptor Heterogeneity: Differential Regional Effects of a Functionally Selective α4β1δ/α4β3δ Receptor Agonist on Tonic and Phasic Inhibition in Rat Brain
Authors: Hoestgaard-Jensen Kirsten , Dalby Nils Ole , Krall Jacob , Hammer Harriet , Krogsgaard-Larsen Povl , Frølund Bente , Jensen Anders A.
Published: December 2014

In the present study, the orthosteric GABAAreceptor (GABAAR) ligand 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisothiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol (Thio-THIP) was found to possess a highly interesting functional profile at recombinant human GABAARs and native rat GABAARs. Whereas Thio-THIP displayed weak antagonist activity at α1,2,5β2,3γ2Sand ρ1GABAARs and partial agonism at α6β2,3δ GABAARs expressed inXenopusoocytes, the pronounced agonism exhibited by the compound at α4β1δ and α4β3δ GABAARs was contrasted by its negligible activity at the α4β2δ subtype. To elucidate to which extent thisin vitroprofile translated into functionality at native GABAARs, we assessed the effects of 100 μmThio-THIP at synaptic and extrasynaptic receptors in principal cells of four different brain regions by slice electrophysiology. In concordance with its α6β2,3δ agonism, Thio-THIP evoked robust currents through extrasynaptic GABAARs in cerebellar granule cells. In contrast, the compound did not elicit significant currents in dentate gyrus granule cells or in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), indicating predominant expression of extrasynaptic α4β2δ receptors in these cells. Interestingly, Thio-THIP evoked differential degrees of currents in ventrobasal thalamus neurons, a diversity that could arise from differential expression of extrasynaptic α4βδ subtypes in the cells. Finally, whereas 100 μmThio-THIP did not affect the synaptic currents in ventrobasal thalamus neurons or striatal MSNs, it reduced the current amplitudes recorded from dentate gyrus granule cells, most likely by targeting perisynaptic α4βδ receptors expressed at distal dendrites of these cells. Being the first published ligand capable of discriminating between β2- and β3-containing receptor subtypes, Thio-THIP could be a valuable tool in explorations of native α4βδ GABAARs.
Optogenetic Mapping after Stroke Reveals Network-Wide Scaling of Functional Connections and Heterogeneous Recovery of the Peri-Infarct
Authors: Lim Diana H. , LeDue Jeffrey M. , Mohajerani Majid H. , Murphy Timothy H.
Published: December 2014

We used arbitrary point channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) stimulation and wide-scale voltage sensitive dye (VSD) imaging in mice to map altered cortical connectivity at 1 and 8 weeks after a targeted cortical stroke. Network analysis based on optogenetic stimulation revealed a symmetrical sham network with distinct sensorimotor and association groupings. This symmetry was disrupted after stroke: at 1 week after stroke, we observed a widespread depression of optogenetically evoked activity that extended to the non-injured hemisphere; by 8 weeks, significant recovery was observed. When we considered the network as a whole, scaling the ChR2-evoked VSD responses from the stroke groups to match the sham group mean resulted in a relative distribution of responses that was indistinguishable from the sham group, suggesting network-wide down-scaling and connectional diaschisis after stroke. Closer inspection revealed that connections that had little connectivity with the peri-infarct, such as contralateral visual areas, tended to escape damage, whereas some connections near the peri-infarct were more severely affected. When connections within the peri-infarct were isolated, we did not observe equal down-scaling of responses after stroke. Peri-infarct sites that had weak connection strength in the sham condition tended to have the greatest relative post-stroke recovery. Our findings suggest that, during recovery, most cortical areas undergo homeostatic upscaling, resulting in a relative distribution of responses that is similar to the pre-stroke (sham) network, albeit still depressed. However, recovery within the peri-infarct zone is heterogeneous and these cortical points do not follow the recovery scaling factor expected for the entire network.
Spatial and temporal action of chicken primordial germ cells during initial migration
Authors: Soo Kang Kyung , Chul Lee Hyung , Jeong Kim Hyun , Gun Lee Hyo , Min Kim Young , Jo Lee Hong , Hyun Park Young , Yeong Yang Seo , Rengaraj Deivendran , Sub Park Tae , Yong Han Jae
Published: December 2014

In most animals, primordial germ cells (PGCs) originate from an extragonadal region and migrate across the embryo to the gonads, where they differentiate and function. During their migration, PGCs move passively by morphogenetic movement of the embryo or move actively through signaling molecules. To uncover the underlying mechanism of first-phase PGC migration toward the germinal crescent in chickens, we investigated the spatial and temporal action of PGCs during primitive streak formation. Exogenously transplanted PGCs migrated toward the anterior region of the embryo and the embryonic gonads when they were transplanted into the subgerminal cavity, but not into the posterior marginal zone, in Eyal–Giladi and Kochav stage X embryos. These results indicate that for passive migration toward the anterior region the initial location of PGCs should be the central region. Notably, although PGCs and DF-1 cells migrated passively toward the anterior region, only PGCs migrated to the germinal crescent, where endogenous PGCs mainly reside, by active movement. In a live-imaging experiment with green fluorescence protein-expressing transgenic embryos, exogenous PGCs demonstrated markedly faster migration when they reached the anterior one-third of the embryo, while somatic cells showed epiblast movement with constant speed. Also, migrating PGCs exhibited successive contraction and expansion indicating their active migration. Our results suggest that chicken PGCs use sequential passive and active forces to migrate toward the germinal crescent.
Entransy Analysis of an Irreversible Diesel Cycle
Authors: Emin Açıkkalp
Published: December 2014

The purpose of this paper is to research an irreversible Diesel cycle by using entransy approach. Entransy may be expressed as heat transfer potential of a subject and it has begun to investigate as a new thermodynamic assessment parameter. Optimization of heat transfer processes is very important, because of their extensity. Result of optimizing heat transfer is to use energy efficiently and decrease CO2 emission that is main reason of the global warming. Because of the these reasons, entransy analysis of a Diesel cycle is investigated and result are presented. Some obtained results for entransy analysis are: entransy efficiency has minimum (0.191) at x = 19.296, has a maximum (1.538x106 kW K) at x = 8.316 for ηE = ηC = 1. cycle and has a maximum point at x = 6.959 and it value is 1.341x106 kW K for ηE = ηC = 0.8.
Primary Hepatic Amyloidosis Presenting as Nodular Masses on the Background of Diuse Inltration and Extreme Liver Stiness on MR Elastography
Authors: Srinivasan Sivasubramanian , Tan Yi Qi , Teh Hui Seong , Lee Piao Jarrod , Khoo Ree Nee
Published: December 2014

Amyloidosis is characterized by the deposition of extracellular protein material, amyloid, in various organs.The clinical and imaging features of the disease are often nonspecific and a tissue biopsy is often required. We present the case of a 64-year-old man with biopsy proven amyloidosis of the liver. The patient presented with non-specific clinical symptoms. Routine imaging showed hepatomegaly with heterogeneous enhancement, and several large nodular space occupying lesions, mimicking neoplasm. MR elastography revealed an extremely stiff liver. Amyloidosis presenting as multiple nodular masses on the background of diffuse infiltrative pattern or demonstration of extreme stiffness in hepatic amyloidosis on MR elastography have not been described previously.
Malignant Familial Adenomatous Polyposis treated by Laparoscopic Colectomy and Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis: a Case Report
Authors: Zaharie Florin , Ciorogar George , Zaharie Roxana , Tantau Marcel , Iancu Cornel , Mocan Lucian
Published: December 2014

The mean age of colorectal cancer in untreated familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is 39 years. We present the case of a 21-year-old patient with FAP and colorectal cancer. The patient was detected with significant family history: her mother died at age 45 with colon cancer; two uncles were diagnosed with colon cancer at the age of 40 and 43 and one aunt at the age of 45 with colon cancer and gastric cancer. The treatment was laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy with total excision of the mesorectum and ileal pouch anal anastomosis completed with endoanal excision of inferior rectal polyps. The histopathological report described a well differentiated rectal adenocarcinoma T1N1aMx developed on a tubulo-villous adenoma located on the rectosigmoid jonction, the rest of the polyps with benign histology.
The Use of Mebeverine in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. A Position Paper of the Romanian Society of Neurogastroenterology based on Evidence
Authors: Dumitrascu Dan L. , Chira Alexandra , Bataga Simona , Diculescu Mircea , Drug Vasile , Gheorghe Cristian , Goldis Adrian , Nedelcu Laurentiu , Porr Paul J. , Sporea Ioan
Published: December 2014

.
The Metabolic Syndrome Is Not Correlated with the Short-term Risk of Decompensation in Patients with Cirrhosis
Authors: Procopet Bogdan , Farcau Oana , Balagel Marius , Crisan Dana , Stefanescu Horia , Pop Andreea , Fischer Petra , Habic Alina , Radu Corina , Tantau Marcel , Grigorescu Mircea
Published: December 2014

Background & Aims: Obesity proved to favor clinical decompensation in patients with cirrhosis. Our aim was to investigate if metabolic syndrome (MS) in cirrhotic patients represents a risk factor for decompensation.Methods: 704 cirrhotics, included in a MS prevalence study were considered for evaluation; 121 patients were excluded because they did not complete the follow-up and 303 because they were decompensated at the start of the study. The remaining 280 were followed-up for a median period of 28.1±18 months. Patients were censored at the end of follow-up or at occurrence of a liver related event (LRE). Liver related events were considered the following: decompensation (ascites, variceal bleeding, hepatorenal syndrome, jaundice, encephalopathy), hepatocellular carcinoma, portal vein thrombosis and infections.Results: All MS criteria except the abdominal circumference were significantly different between decompensated and compensated patients. HDL-cholesterol levels were lower in decompensated patients. Among the 280 patients who completed the follow-up, 85 (30%) presented LREs. Ascites was the most frequent event. In the univariate analysis of the MS criteria we found a trend to significance of an inverse correlation between MS and LREs. There was no significant difference between patients with or without MS regarding survival free of LREs, 76.7% and 66.5%, respectively. None of the MS criteria reached the level of significance in discriminating patients with and without LREs.Conclusions: In short term, presence of MS was not a risk factor for LREs. In short term, liver function and lower nutritional status influenced the prognosis. In decompensated patients, the MS defining criteria are not applicable.Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; EV: esophageal varices; HR: hazard ration; HVPG: hepatic venous pressure gradient; LRE: liver related event; MS: metabolic syndrome; PHT: portal hypertension; WC: waist circumference.
Estructura de la inversión de la industria manufacturera colombiana en actividades de innovación y desarrollo tecnológico
Authors: Hurtado Rafael Germán , Mejía Jorge Enrique
Published: December 2014

El Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística de Colombia (DANE) publicó en el año 2010 los resultados agregados de la Tercera Encuesta de Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica en la Industria Manufacturera (EDIT III) realizada en 2007 para los años 2005 y 2006. En este trabajo se presenta un análisis posicional soportado en el Análisis de Redes sociales, para explorar la estructura del sistema industrial manufacturero de Colombia, según la inversión de sus sectores empresariales en actividades de innovación y desarrollo tecnológico. Para ello se construye una representación relacional de la inversión de los 61 sectores empresariales de la industria manufacturera del país, agrupados según la Clasificación Internacional Industrial Unificada (CIIU Rev. 3) en las diez actividades de innovación y desarrollo tecnológico definidas en la EDIT III. Esta representación permite visualizar el sistema en función de grafos e identificar patrones relacionales que expresan las estrategias seguidas por las empresas agrupadas en sectores industriales y realizar medidas de estructura definidas en el Análisis de Redes sociales, de las cuales se aplican las de centralidad, equivalencia estructural y centro/periferia. El principal resultado es la posición de cada actividad de innovación y desarrollo tecnológico en el sistema y algunas evidencias sobre cambios en los patrones de inversión entre los años 2005 y 2006.