bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standardization of the Laser Notching Method for Measuring Fracture Toughness in Structural Ceramics
Authors: Wang Anzhe , Zhao Xinyuan , Huang Mingxu , Cheng Yehong , Zhang Dongyang
Published: January 2021

The single-edge V-notched beam (SEVNB) method based on the laser notching approach can effectively overcome the shortcoming of time-consuming and avoid large errors in traditional fracture toughness measurement ways, nevertheless the laser notching method has not yet been standardized. Taking oxide (ZrO2 and Al2O3), carbide (SiC), nitride (Si3N4) and boride (ZrB2-based) ceramics as the research objects, this paper systematically discussed the effects of notch tip sharpness, notch depth and equivalent notch angle on the measured value of fracture toughness, thereby clearly defined the range of these parameters that required for measuring the fracture toughness accurately. Furthermore, in order to give full play to the advantages of the laser notching method, the feasibility of sample miniaturization was also discussed. This study could provide important data reference and theoretical basis for the standardization of laser method in the near future.
CXCR2 As a Novel Target for Overcoming Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells
Authors: Kim Ji-Hea , Lee Seung-Jin , Kang Ka-Won , Lee Byung-Hyun , Park Yong , Kim Byung Soo
Published: January 2021

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a reciprocal translocation disorder driven by a breakpoint cluster region (BCR)-Abelson leukemia virus (ABL) fusion gene that stimulates abnormal tyrosine kinase activity. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective in the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)+ CML patients. However, the appearance of TKI-resistant CML cells is a hurdle in CML treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to identify novel treatments that could target a different mechanism than that of tyrosine kinases.Methods: The study was designed to verify whether C-X-C chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) could be a novel target for TKI-resistant CML treatment. We examined CXCR2 ligands from CML patient samples and TKI-resistant CML cell lines. Then, we inhibited CXCR2 and examined the effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis using immunoblotting and flow cytometry. The CXCR2 inhibition effect was also confirmed using a mouse xenograft model with TKI-sensitive and -resistant CML cells.Results: Interleukin 8 (IL-8), a CXCR2 ligand, was significantly increased in the bone marrow serum of initially diagnosed CML patients. CML cell lines expressed CXCR2, regardless of their sensitivity to TKIs. IL-8 stimulated CXCR2, mTOR, and c-Myc mRNA expression in CML cell lines. CXCR2 antagonists suppressed the proliferation of CML cells via cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. In addition, CXCR2 inhibition attenuated mTOR, c-Myc, and BCR-ABL expression, leading to CML cell apoptosis, irrespective of TKI responsiveness. Moreover, SB225002, a CXCR2 antagonist, caused higher cell death in CML cells than TKIs. Using a mouse xenograft model, we confirmed that SB225002 suppresses CML cells, with a prominent effect on TKI-resistant CML cells.Conclusions: Taken together, our findings demonstrate that IL-8 is a prognostic factor to the progress of CML. Inhibiting the CXCR2-mTOR-c-Myc cascade is a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome TKI-sensitive and -insensitive CML. Thus, CXCR2 blockade is a novel therapeutic strategy to treat CML, and SB225002, a commercially available CXCR2 antagonist, might be a drug candidate to treat TKI-resistant CML.
SUMOylation of IGF2BP2 Promotes Vasculogenic Mimicry of Glioma Via Regulating OIP5-AS1/miR-495-3p
Authors: Li Hao , Wang Di , Yi Bolong , Cai Heng , Wang Yipeng , Lou Xin , Xi Zhuo , Li Zhen
Published: January 2021

Background: Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor of human central nervous system, and its rich vascular characteristics make anti-angiogenic therapy become a therapeutic hotspot. However, the existence of glioma VM makes the anti-angiogenic therapy ineffective. SUMOylation is a post-translational modification that affects cell tumorigenicity by regulating the expression and activity of substrate proteins.Methods: The binding and modification of IGF2BP2 and SUMO1were identified using Ni2+-NTA agarose bead pull-down assays, CO-IP and western blot; and in vitro SUMOylation assays combined with immunoprecipitation and Immunofluorescence staining were performed to explore the detail affects and regulations of the SUMOylation on IGF2BP2. RT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression levels of IGF2BP2, OIP5-AS1, and miR-495-3p in glioma tissues and cell lines. CCK-8 assays, cell transwell assays, and three-dimensional cell culture methods were used for evaluating the function of IGF2BP2, OIP5-AS1, miR-495-3p, HIF1A and MMP14 in biological behaviors of glioma cells. Meantime, RIP and luciferase reporter assays were used forinquiring into the interactions among IGF2BP2, OIP5-AS1, miR-495-3p, HIF1A and MMP14. Eventually, the tumor xenografts in nude mice further ascertained the effects of IGF2BP2 SUMOylation on glioma cells.Results: This study proved that IGF2BP2 mainly binds to SUMO1 and was SUMOylated at the lysine residues K497, K505 and K509 sites, which can be reduced by SENP1. SUMOylation increased IGF2BP2 protein expression and blocked its degradation through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, thereby increasing its stability. The expressions of IGF2BP2 and OIP5-AS1 were up-regulated and the expression of miR-495-3p was down-regulated in both glioma tissues and cells. IGF2BP2 enhances the stability of OIP5-AS1, thereby increasing the binding of OIP5-AS1 to miR-495-3p, weakening the binding of miR-495-3p to the 3’UTR of HIF1A and MMP14 mRNA, and ultimately promoting the formation of VM in glioma.Conclusions: This study first revealed that SUMOylation of IGF2BP2 regulated OIP5-AS1/miR-495-3p to promote VM formation in glioma cells and xenografts growth in nude mice, providing a new idea for molecular targeted therapy of glioma.
Integration of Clinical Identifications With Deep Transferrable Imaging Feature Representations Can Help Predict Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness and Outcome
Authors: Bao Jie , Hou Ying , Zhi Rui , Wang Xi-ming , Hu Chun-hong , Zhang Yu-Dong
Published: January 2021

Background: A pretreatment risk stratification of prostate cancer (PCa) is important for determining appropriate treatment option and prognostic prediction. Although numerous quantifiable approaches can provide fundamental insights in PCa, a clinical tool should leverage the integration of all data representations to enables detailed assessment. We developed a generalizable machine learning platform, designated PI-Risk, which incorporates clinicians’ prior identifications with deep transferrable imaging feature representations into predictive models for PCa Gleason grade. Methods: A retrospective study included 1442 biopsy-naïve patients from two tertiary care medical centers between January 2014 and December 2019. Model performance was typically evaluated against a “ground truth” with imaging-histopathologic annotations using receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Detection rates such as true positive, true negative, false positive and false negative rate were reported using a confusion matrix analysis. The Cox model’s performance was evaluated based on Harrell’s concordance index (C-index), calibration curves and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Results: In multinomial regression analyzing model, predicted IntraT-Rad G0 (odds ratio [OR], 3.01; 95% confidence intervals [CIs], 2.74–3.34, p < 0.001) and PI-RADS score 2 (OR, 2.88; 95% CIs, 2.47–3.17, p = 0.002) were two independent predictors of G0 stage. Predicted IntraT-Rad G1 (OR, 2.42; 95% CIs, 2.13–2.86, p < 0.001) and PSA 4-10 ng/ml (OR, 1.29; 95% CIs, 1.06–1.43, p = 0.037) were two independent predictors of G1 stage. PSA 10-20 ng/ml (OR, 1.52; 95% CIs, 1.32–1.67, p = 0.005), Predicted PeriT-DLR-SqueezeNet G1 (OR, 1.31; 95% CIs, 1.14–1.52, p = 0.009) and Predicted IntraT-Rad G3 (OR, 1.29; 95% CIs, 1.07–1.44, p = 0.011) were three independent predictors of G2 stage. PI-RADS score 5 (OR, 1.84; 95% CIs, 1.74–2.31, p < 0.001) were the independent predictor of G3 stage. PI-RADS score 5 (OR, 2.84; 95% CIs, 2.62–3.17, p < 0.001) and PSA > 100 ng/ml (OR, 1.69; 95% CIs, 1.36–1.83, p = 0.007) were two independent predictors of G4 stage. And the multivariate Cox analysis model shows that, among the 5 pretreatment risk factors (age, PSA, PCa location, PI-RADS score and PI-Risk score), PSA ≥ 20 ng/ml (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.20-2.08; p = 0.001) and PI-Risk ≥ G3 (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.12-1.88; p = 0.005) were the independent predictors of BCR.Conclusions: We concluded that the PI-Risk can offer a noninvasive alternative tool to stratify PCa aggressiveness. This enables a step towards PCa risk stratification.
Genome-Wide Perturbations of Alu Expression and Alu-Associated Post-Transcriptional Regulations Find a Uniqueness in Oligodendroglioma
Authors: Hwang Taeyoung , Kim Sojin , Chowdhury Tamrin , Yu Hyeon Jong , Kim Kyung-Min , Kang Ho , Won Jae Kyung , Park Sung-Hye , Shin Joo Heon , Park Chul-Kee
Published: January 2021

BackgroundAlu is a primate-specific repeat element in the human genome and has been increasingly appreciated as a regulatory element in many biological processes. But the role of Alu has not been studied comprehensively in brain tumor because an evolutionary perspective has been the subject of little research in brain tumor. We aim to investigate the relevance of Alu to the gliomagenesis.MethodsUsing a total of 41 pairs of neurotypicial brain tissue samples and samples of diverse gliomas, we performed strand-specific RNA-seq and analyzed two Alu-associated post-transcriptional regulations, A-to-I editing and circular RNAs, and Alu expression in a genome-wide way. ResultsWe found that while both A-to-I editing and circular RNA are decreased overall in gliomas, grade 2 oligodendrogliomas do not show this same pattern of global changes. Instead, in comparison with other gliomas, oligodendrogliomas showed a higher proportion of perturbed Alu RNA. Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2) was down-regulated in gliomas other than grade 2 oligodendrogliomas, contributing to the observed Alu-associated perturbation. ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that Alu is associated with glioma development and grade 2 oligodendroglioma exhibits a unique pattern of Alu-associated post-transcriptional regulations, which provides an insight to gliomagenesis from the perspective of an evolutionary genetic element.
Raising Employment and Mental Well-being Among People With Disadvantages – Results of a Hungarian Project
Authors: Kuklek Noemi Meisznerne , Cséplő Máté , Pozsonyi Eszter , Pusztafalvi Henriette
Published: January 2021

Background: People with disadvantages are a high-risk group of unemployment or underemployment. Disadvantages include disability, under-education, being a single parent or a member of a minority, etc. Effective labor market programs could be a key in raising employment and quality of life among this high-risk group of the society. The TOP 6.8.2.-15-NA1 project is one of the main Hungarian labor market programs. Methods: The project’s primary aims are increasing the employability of disadvantaged unemployed and supporting the efficiency of job-seeking. The sample of our study contains participants of the project (n=300), based in Zala County, Hungary. Results: We could identify low educated participants and older participants as higher risk groups of long-term unemployment. Conclusions: We emphasize the role of these services in the long-term individual success of participants. Improving the employment rate for people with disadvantages is a critical factor for enhancing the quality of life for individuals with disadvantages.
Feasibility study of a 3D-printed personalized immobilization device integrating a patient-specific probe holder for prostate radiotherapy combined with adjuvant MR-guided transperineal ultrasound hyperthermia
Authors: Dipasquale Giovanna , Guillemin Pauline Coralie , Jaccard Maud , Uiterwijk Johannes W.E. , Lorton Orane , Tsoutsou Pelagia , Poletti Pierre-Alexandre , Gariani Joanna , Salomir Rares Vincent , Zilli Thomas
Published: January 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Research on Job Satisfaction and Influencing Factors of Scientific Researchers in S Hospital of Guizhou Province
Authors: Fu Shanyong , Nie Yujie , Chen Hui , Nie Yingjie
Published: January 2021

Objective: To analyze the job satisfaction of hospital researchers and its influencing factors. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the job satisfaction of 276 researchers in S Hospital of Guizhou Province from May to July of 2020. Independent sample T test and one-way variance were used to analyze the satisfaction of researchers with demographic characteristics. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting the satisfaction of researchers. Results: The average score of the hospital researchers' overall job satisfaction was 3.64±0.42, which was at the satisfaction level. The six dimensions, including self-efficacy, scientific research system and salary and welfare, were significantly positively correlated with overall satisfaction (r>0.4).The differences in overall satisfaction of different ages were statistically significant (P=0.013<0.05).The linear regression analysis found that all the six dimensions had a significant positive impact on the overall job satisfaction, of which the scientific research system had the most significant impact. Conclusion: We can improve the hospital scientific research level by improving the salary and welfare level of scientific research staff, changing the scientific research management concept, establishing and perfecting the scientific research management system, and taking targeted measures for the researchers with low satisfaction.
Neuropathic pain: a principal component of pain that should not be neglected in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: zhou Ling , li ting , wu xin , Lu Hongjuan , Lin Li , Ye Lingying , yin jian , zhao juan , wang xiuwen , bian jianye , Xu Huji
Published: January 2021

Background

Pain in AS is currently considered an inflammatory pain (IP). However, it was found that some patients still had the sensation of pain even without inflammation. Our study was to investigate whether ankylosing spondylitis (AS) pain has a neuropathic pain (NeP) component.
Methods

The study consisted of three parts. The first included 182 AS patients to assess neuropathic pain in AS patients. The second included63 patients to evaluate pain improvement after etanercept therapy. The third included 20 AS patients and 10 healthy controls (HCs) to detect serum neurotransmitters.
Results

We found out that 55 paitents (30.21%) had possible NeP, and 14 (7.70%) had definite NeP. There were significant differences between the groups with respect to nocturnal pain (NP), peripheral pain (PP), total back pain (TBP), BASDAI, ASDAS-CRP, HAD-A, HAD-D and BASDAI-fatigue but not CRP concentrations. Principal component analysis (PCA) of AS pain revealed that the weight of NeP was greater than PP in the first principal component (0.703 vs 0.639). Structural equation modelling (SEM) revealed that NeP altered disease activity (β = 0.62, P < 0.001), which influenced psychological status (β = 0.42, P < 0.001). Of 63 patients who used etanercept for 3 months, significant improvement was found in NP, TBP and PP (all P < 0.0001) but not in PDQ (10.60 ± 6.85vs 9.98 ± 6.40, P = 0.067). Serum norepinephrine concentrations in patients with positive PDQ were greater than those in patients with negative PDQ and HC.
Conclusions

We conclude that NeP contributes to pain in AS patients.
Genetic Characterization of Plasmodium vivax Isolates from Pakistan Using Circumsporozoite Protein (pvcsp) and Merozoite Surface Protein-1 (pvmsp-1) genes as genetic markers
Authors: Bibi Zainab , Fatima Anam , Rani Rehana , Maqbool Ayesha , Khan Samea , Naz Shumaila , Waseem Shahid
Published: January 2021

Background: Plasmodium vivax contributes to over 70% malaria burden in Pakistan, but limited data exists on various aspects including genetic diversity of the parasite as compared to other parts of the world. Since the information about the genetic diversity of P. vivax assists to understand the population dynamics of the parasite, the current study was designed to understand population divergence of Plasmodium vivax in Pakistan using circumsporozoite protein (pvcsp) and merozoite surface protein-1 (pvmsp-1) genes as molecular markers. Methods: The PCR for pvcsp and pvmsp-1 genes was carried out for 150 P. vivax isolates followed by DNA sequencing of only 35 and 30 respective amplified PCR products for both pvcsp and pvmsp-1 genes. Genetic diversity and polymorphism were analyzed using ChromasPro, ClustalW, MEGA7, DnaSP v.5 and WebLogo programs. Results: The PCR for pvcsp and pvmsp-1 genes was carried out for 150 P. vivax isolates and resulting the PCR products ranging from 900 to 1100 bp for pvcsp and ~400bp for pvmsp-1 genes, respectively. In the central-repeat region (CRR) of pvcsp gene, sequences comprised of four variable repeats of PRMs, out of which GDRADGQPA (PRM1), GDRAAGQPA (PRM2) were more extensively dispersed among the P. vivax isolates. Partial sequences (~400bp) of block 2 of pvmsp-1 gene depicted high level of diversity.Conclusion: The results revealed the polymorphism and genetic diversity especially at the CRR of pvcsp and block 2 of pvmsp-1 genes respectively. The base-line data presented here warrants future studies to investigate more into the genetic diversity of P. vivax with large sample size from across the country for better understanding of population dynamics of P. vivax that will help to control malaria at individual and community level.
Development of Integration Indexes to Determine the Extent of Family Planning and Child Immunization Services Integration in Health Facilities in Urban Areas of Nigeria
Authors: Sheahan Kate L. , Orgill-Meyer Jennifer , Speizer Ilene , Curtis Siân , Paul John , Weinberger Morris , Bennett Antonia V.
Published: January 2021

Background Integrating family planning into child immunization services may address unmet need for contraception by offering family planning information and services to postpartum women during routine child immunization visits. However, policies and programs promoting integration are often based on insubstantial or conflicting evidence about its effects on service delivery and health outcomes. While integration models vary, many studies measure integration as binary (a facility is integrated or not) rather than a multidimensional and varying continuum. It is thus challenging to ascertain the determinants and effects of integrated service delivery. This study creates Facility and Provider Integration Indexes, which measure capacity to support integrated family planning and child immunization services and applies them to analyze the extent of integration across 400 health facilities. Methods This study utilizes cross-sectional health facility (N= 400; 58% hospitals, 42% primary healthcare centers) and healthcare provider (N= 1,479) survey data that were collected in six urban areas of Nigeria for the impact evaluation of the Nigerian Urban Reproductive Health Initiative. Principal Component Analysis was used to develop Provider and Facility Integration Indexes that estimate the extent of integration in these health facilities. The Provider Integration Index measures provider skills and practices that support integrated service delivery while the Facility Integration Index measures facility norms that support integrated service delivery. Index scores range from zero (low) to ten (high). Results Mean Provider Integration Index score is 5.42 (SD 3.10), and mean Facility Integration Index score is 6.22 (SD 2.72). Twenty-three percent of facilities were classified as having low Provider Integration scores, 32% as medium, and 45% as high. Fourteen percent of facilities were classified as having low Facility Integration scores, 38% as medium, and 48% as high. Conclusion Many facilities in our sample have achieved high levels of integration, while many others have not. Results suggest that using more nuanced measures of integration may (a) more accurately reflect true variation in integration within and across health facilities, (b) enable more precise measurement of the determinants or effects of integration, and (c) provide more tailored, actionable information about how best to improve integration. Overall, results reinforce the importance of utilizing more nuanced measures of facility-level integration.
Gemini surfactant assisted synthesis of mesoporous Mn/Mg bimetal doped TiO2 nanomaterial: Characterization and photocatalytic activity studies under visible light irradiation
Authors: Miditana Sankara Rao , Tirukkovalluri Siva Rao , Raju Imandi Manga , Alim Shaik Abdul , Jaishree Genji , Chippada M.L.V. Prasanna
Published: January 2021

The present work mainly aimed to synthesize different weight percentages (0.25-1.00 wt%) of Manganese (Mn2+) and Magnesium (Mg2+) bimetal ions doped TiO2 nanomaterial assisted with different weight percentages (5-15 wt%) of Gemini surfactant (GS) using sol-gel method. The bimetal doped and undoped TiO2 photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Visible Diffused Reflectance Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analyzer, and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy. Characterization results revealed that mesoporous multi-particle anatase TiO2 nanoparticles with a narrowed band gap, small particle size, and high surface area were formed due to the combined effect of Mn2+/Mg2+ bimetal ions doping and effective encapsulation of GS over the initially formed TiO2 nanoparticles. The surface elemental composition of the 0.25 wt% Mn2+ and 1.00 wt% Mg2+ bimetal doped TiO2 in the presence of 10 wt% of GS (after calcination) revealed the presence of both the metal dopants Mn2+ and Mg2+ along with the Ti and O and their chemical interactions were further confirmed by FT-IR results. The photocatalytic activity of these catalysts was assessed by the degradation of Methyl Red using visible light irradiation. To understand the effect of different reaction parameters on the photocatalytic activity of the nanocatalysts such as the dopant concentration, surfactant concentration, catalyst dosage, solution pH, and initial dye concentrations were investigated and optimized to achieve the best performance. The photoluminescence results conclude that OH radicals are the crucial reactive species responsible for oxidative photocatalytic degradation of Methyl Red.
RASMA: A Reverse Search Algorithm for Mining Maximal Frequent Subgraphs
Authors: Salem Saeed , Alokshiya Mohammed , Hasan Mohammad Al
Published: January 2021

Background: Given a collection of coexpression networks over a set of genes, identifying subnetworks that appear frequently is an important research problem known as mining frequent subgraphs. Maximal frequent subgraphs is a representative set of frequent subgraphs; A frequent subgraph is maximal if it does have a super-graph that is frequent. In the bioinformatics discipline, methodologies for mining frequent and/or maximal frequent subgraphs can be used to discover interesting network motifs that elucidate complex interactions among genes, reflected through the edges of the frequent subnetworks. Further study of frequent coexpression subnetworks enhances the discovery of biological modules and biological signatures for gene expression and disease classification.Results: We propose a reverse search algorithm, called RASMA, for mining frequent and maximal frequent subgraphs in a given collection of graphs. A key innovation in RASMA is a connected subgraph enumerator that uses a reverse-search strategy to enumerate connected subgraphs of an undirected graph. Using this enumeration strategy, RASMA obtains all maximal frequent subgraphs very efficiently. To overcome the computationally prohibitive task of enumerating all frequent subgraphs while mining for the maximal frequent subgraphs, RASMA employs several pruning strategies that substantially improve its overall runtime performance. Experimental results show that on large gene coexpression networks, the proposed algorithm efficiently mines biologically relevant maximal frequent subgraphs.Conclusion: Extracting recurrent gene coexpression subnetworks from multiple gene expression experiments enables the discovery of functional modules and subnetwork biomarkers. We have proposed a reverse search algorithm for mining maximal frequent subnetworks. Enrichment analysis of the extracted maximal frequent subnetworks reveals that subnetworks that are frequent are highly enriched with known biological ontologies.
Overexpression of CCNE1 confers a poorer prognostic in triple negative breast cancer identified by bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Yuan Qianqian , Zheng Lewei , Liao Yiqin , Wu Gaosong
Published: January 2021

Background. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a major subtype of breast cancer. Due to the lack of effective therapeutic targets, the prognosis is poor. In order to find an effective target, despite many efforts, the molecular mechanisms of TNBC are still not well understood which remain to be a profound clinical challenge.Methods. To identify the candidate genes in the carcinogenesis and progression of TNBC, microarray datasets GSE36693 and GSE65216 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) databases via DAVID. We constructed the protein-protein interaction network (PPI) and the performed the module analysis using STRING and Cytoscape. Then we reanalyzed the selected DEGs genes and the survival analysis was performed using cBioportal.Results. A total of 140 DEGs were identified, consisting of 69 upregulated genes and 71 downregulated genes. Three hub genes were up-regulated among the selected genes from PPI and biological process analysis uncovered the fact that these genes were mainly enriched in p53 pathway and the pathways in cancer. Survival analysis showed that only CCNE1 may be involved in the carcinogenesis, invasion or recurrence of TNBC. Conclusion. CCNE1 could confer a poorer prognostic in TNBC identified by bioinformatic analysis and play key roles in the progression of TNBC which may contribute potential targets for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis assessment of TNBC.
The Aesthetics and Meaning of Traditional Paintings: Forbidden Wealth (Pesugihan) by Tjitro Waloejo in Surakarta
Authors: Widayat Rahmanu , Mohamed Saat Mohammad Khizal , Adi Sigit Purnomo , Mataram Sayid
Published: January 2021

At present, Javanese culture is increasingly less powerful in facing the changing times, where art that was once familiar in people’s daily lives has slowly begun to disappear. But Surakarta was fortunate to have Tjitro Waloejo, a traditional painter who died in 1990. He perpetuated the event of collecting illicit wealth (pesugihan) in the form of paintings as a life lesson portraying how some Javanese gathered their wealth under an agreement with Satan. The problem is what the paintings of Tjitro Waloejo are like, and what they really mean. The approach in this study is the concept of wangun (beautiful) which the writers explore from Javanese culture to study the art objects (barang kagunan). Wangun or beauty of the Javanese becomes (1) the form of wangun (beautiful) based on the perspective of the Javanese, (2) the appearance of ora wangun (not beautiful) or aèng (strange), (3) the form of wangun based on the king’s legitimacy or trend, and (4) the forbidden wangun. The important findings in the study of pesugihan painting reveal that there are perpetuated events of collecting illicit wealth (pesugihan) in the form of paintings as life lessons on how some Javanese gather their wealth under an agreement with demons. It was found that the existence of wangun elements and arrangement systems which are classified as forbidden wangun (new findings), angger-angger (rules), and wewaler (prohibition), consist of sacred values and meanings in various contexts.
Re-assessing the Design Needs of Trans-Radial Amputees in Product Design Innovation
Authors: Mohamed Kamil Muhammad Jameel , Li Shi Sarah Moi , Abdullah Sani Mohd Najib
Published: January 2021

The previous study on design for disabled people has indicates that product development for trans-radial amputees should integrate designer’s reflection in identifying significant variables such as the real needs of their users, functionality, ergonomic aspect, and aesthetic. Hence, this paper intends to re-assess the design needs of trans-radial amputees through an observation study with 15 trans-radial amputees (right side). The observation aims to understand the difficulties that occurred in the daily activities of amputees, in their home situation without the help of prosthesis. The result of the study suggests the amputees’ main struggle in their daily activities; preparing meals and eating independently. Therefore, a few design criteria have been proposed, and the prototype design was successfully developed as a proposal for potential future development and production. It is hoped the outcome of this research help to surpass the kind of device constrained to help amputees preparing meals and eating independently.
Taşkın Farkındalık ve Erken Uyarı Sistemleri Değerlendirmesi: Trabzon Beşikdüzü Örneği
Authors: ANILAN Tuğçe , DURMUŞ Hilal , AKÇALI Emre , YÜKSEK Ömer
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada 21 Eylül 2016 tarihinde Trabzon’un Beşikdüzü İlçesinde meydana gelen ve büyük miktarda can ve mal kaybıyla sonuçlanan taşkın, hidrolojik ve sosyal yönden incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, ilk olarak yaşanan taşkının kaç yıl tekerrür süreli taşkın debisine karşılık geldiğini belirlemek için bölgesel taşkın frekans analizi ile T=2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 500 ve 1000 yıl tekerrür süreli taşkın debileri hesaplanmıştır. İkinci olarak; taşkın riski farkındalığı ve erken uyarı sistemindeki ihtiyaçları belirlemek adına taşkın olayını yaşayan bölge halkıyla anket yapılmıştır. Genel farkındalık kapsamında halkın; taşkın öncesinde, taşkın sırasında veya sonrasında sunulan önlemlerden, stratejilerden ve uygulanan politikalardan ne kadar haberdar olduğu ölçülmüştür. Erken uyarı farkındalığı kapsamında ise, halkın erken uyarı sistemlerinden beklentileri ve bu konudaki bilinç düzeyleri incelenmiştir. Kişinin erken uyarı alması ya da almaması durumunda harekete geçme eğilimi ise bir olay ağacı üzerinde değerlendirilmiş olup, harekete geçmenin bağlı olduğu faktörler incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda, erken uyarı sistemleri ilgili öneriler sunulmuştur.
Su İdarelerinin Su Kayıp Yönetim Performansının Analizi ve Temel Performans Gösterge Hesaplama Aracının Geliştirilmesi
Authors: FIRAT Mahmut , ORHAN Cansu , YILMAZ Salih , ÖZDEMİR Özgür
Published: January 2021

Su kayıp yönetiminde, sistem davranışının izlenmesi ve sistem performansının uygun göstergelere göre analiz edilmesi işletme koşullarının iyileştirilmesi açısından oldukça önemlidir. Ancak bu analizlerin doğru, düzenli, sistematik ve hassas bir şekilde yapılması için uygun hesaplama araçlarının kullanılması gerekir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada kentsel su kayıp yönetiminde su kayıpları ile mücadelede süreç performansının analiz edilmesi ve izlenmesi amacıyla literatür esas alınarak en uygun göstergeler belirlenmiştir. Bu göstergelerin belirlenmesinde Uluslararası Su Birliği (IWA) ve diğer kuruluşlar tarafından önerilen göstergeler detaylı bir şekilde analiz edilmiş ve su kayıp yönetimi açısından en uygun göstergelerin seçilmiştir. Belirlenen bu performans göstergelerinin sistematik bir şekilde hesaplanması ve performansın izlenmesi için web tabanlı “GGS temel performans analizi hesaplama aracı” geliştirilmiştir. Bu hesaplama aracı temel olarak, hacimsel ve yüzdesel göstergeleri, servis bağlantı ve hat uzunluğu başına göstergeleri, idari ve fiziki kayıp, ekonomik ve maliyet, arıza ve şebeke rehabilitasyon göstergelerini içermektedir. Bu hesaplama aracının detayları paylaşılmış, sağladığı avantajlar tartışılmış ve örnek veriler için analiz yapılmıştır. Geliştirilen bu hesaplama aracının, İdarelerin su kayıp yönetimi ve bileşenleri açısından performansının analiz edilmesi, izlenmesi ve aktif kaçak kontrolü faaliyetleri için süreç performansının değerlendirilmesinde önemli katkılar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
SPI ve CZI Kuraklık İndislerinin CBS Tabanlı Zamansal ve Konumsal Karşılaştırması: Burdur Gölü Havzası Örneği
Authors: ŞENER Erhan , ŞENER Şehnaz
Published: January 2021

Son yıllarda su kaynakları üzerinde iklim değişikliğinin olumsuz etkileri daha fazla gözlenmeye başlamıştır. Burdur Gölü havzasında da yağışların azalmasına bağlı olarak özellikle yüzey sularında ciddi miktarlarda hacim kayıpları söz konusudur. Bu çalışmada, standartlaştırılmış yağış indeksi (SPI) ve Çin Z indeksi (CZI) yöntemleri kullanılarak havzaya yönelik kuraklık analizleri yapılmıştır. Bunun için havza içerisinde ve çevresinde bulunan 6 farklı meteoroloji istasyonuna ait yağış verileri kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca SPI ve CZI indeksleri arasındaki ilişkiler istatistiksel olarak ortaya konulmuştur. Burdur Meteoroloji istasyonunda en uzun kuraklık döneminin 24 aylık zaman ölçeğinde SPI yöntem ile yapılan analizlerde 1612 gün ile 1951 yılının Ocak ayından itibaren yaşandığı, bununla birlikte en şiddetli kuraklığın ise 1989 yılının Ocak ayından itibaren 70.027 şiddetinde 2250 gün sürdüğü belirlenmiştir. Aynı meteoroloji istasyonunda Çin Z indeksi kullanılarak yapılan kuraklık analizlerine göre ise en uzun kuraklık dönemlerinin 1989 yılının Ocak ayından itibaren 70.782 şiddetinde 1553 gün sürdüğü belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre 2019 yılında Burdur Gölü çevresi ile havzanın güneyinde orta ve hafif kuraklıklar tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca her iki yöntemin R2 değerleri (0.96-0.98) oldukça yüksek olup birbirlerine çok yakın indeks değerleri hesaplanmıştır.
Tekstil Boya-Terbiye İşletmelerinde Ürün Geliştirme Prosesinin Simülasyonla Modellenmesi-Model Tasarımı
Authors: SABIR Emel Ceyhun
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada, tekstil terbiye işletmelerinde ürün geliştirme prosesinin simülasyonla modellenmesi üzerine çalışma yapılmıştır. Ürün geliştirme prosesi, terbiye işletmelerinde siparişin geldiği veya koleksiyon hazırlama aşamalarında üretime geçmeden önce gerçekleştirilen bir prosestir. Bu prosesteki tüm işlemlerin kayıt altına alınması ve doğrulanması oldukça karmaşık ve zor bir işlemdir. Bu çalışmada; büyük ölçekli, dış giyim amaçlı polyester/viskon ağırlıklı dokuma kumaş üreten bir tekstil işletmesinin boya-terbiye işletmesi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın dizgisel aşamalarında iş etüdü tekniği kullanılmış olup, iş akışı ve süre ölçümleri doğrudan gözlem yoluyla, gerçekleştirilmiştir. Model, ürün geliştirme (Ür-Ge) prosesinde tüm seçeneklerin sonunda özellikle Ür-Ge termin süresini verebilecek şekilde hazırlanmıştır.
Modelde müşterinin sipariş edilecek ürüne ait mamül örneği getirmesi halindeki akış için tasarlanmış olup müşteri onay aşamalarını da içermektedir.
A Busca pela formação de uma identidade nacional brasileira
Authors: Regert Rodrigo , Mineiro Reginaldo Joaquim , Baade Joel Haroldo , Pasqual Franciele Mariani
Published: January 2021

In modern times, clarity about the definition of cultural identity that precedes national identity is increasingly sought, so the analysis of the work of Juridical Anthropology by Jose Manuel de Sacadura Rocha (2010) can help in this sense, through the understanding of what is defined about a Brazilian national identity. This is due to the conceptional understanding of the individual himself, and the analysis mentioned above occurs in the final part of the work from chapter 16. The demand for a definition of Brazilian national identity leads to an absence of belonging. In this way it is necessary to understand what the pejorative conception exists in the Brazilian society in which the citizen is inserted. In view of this, the aim of this article is to find grounds for the lack of recognition of "Being" within Brazilian society, starting from a differentiation between the public and private. The same is a descriptive bibliographical research. It is concluded that in Brazil the idea of the duty-to-be is predominant in relation to the idea of the duty of the being, being that the norm itself directs what should be. In this segment the right is imposed on the fragility of the social balance, the disobedience is born as a disguise to take from the man the spasm of servitude and subservience, seeking what really matters for "Being".
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with COVID-19 in Arak, Iran
Authors: Mousavi-Hasanzadeh Morteza , Sarmadian Hossein , Safi Fatemeh , Jamalian Mohammad , Almasi-Hashiani Amir
Published: January 2021

Background:

The number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 is increasing. Here we present the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in Arak, Iran.

Methods:

In this study, 139 COVID-19 confirmed cases from 15 February to 15 March 2020 in Arak, Iran, were investigated. The clinical signs, symptoms, laboratory and radiological findings and outcomes were analyzed.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 55.41 years (S.D.: 17.11) and 55.40% of them were males. 26.81% of patients had recently traveled to other epidemic cities. The most common clinical manifestations were fever (71.64%), cough (67.16%), shortness of breath (55.22%), muscle ache (50.00%) and the most prevalent complications were taste and smell disruption (29.5%), weakness (22.3%), anorexia (20.1%) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (15.8%). Almost half of the patients had lymphopenia, an elevated level of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C - reactive protein (CRP). In terms of outcome, 9.3% of patients needed an ICU admission as a result of ARDS in which 15.32% were directly admitted to the ICU. 43.2% of patients have been discharged and the case fatality rate (CFR) was estimated as 11.5%.

Conclusion:

COVID-19 pneumonia usually occurred at an age older than 50 years and in the male gender. The most common initial clinical laboratories and radiological presentations are fever, cough, lymphopenia with elevated CRP and ESR and Bilateral mixed ground-glass opacities with consolidation.
COVID-19 and Internship Opportunities at Health Organizations in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bugis Bussma Ahmed
Published: January 2021

Background:

Higher education is one of the communities that has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has caused disruptions and jeopardized supervised internships. COVID-19 has challenged graduating students to find internship opportunities at health organizations during the summer of 2020.

Objective:

The purpose of this paper was to explore how COVID-19 impacted summer 2020 internship opportunities for graduating health sciences students in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

This study is a secondary analysis of existing private data. The data set was extracted from the original data of health sciences students who were expected to do their internships during the summers of 2018, 2019, and 2020 to explore summer internship opportunities.

Results:

The method of data analysis was descriptive statistics. A total of 440 health sciences students and interns were expected to start their internships during the summers of 2018, 2019, and 2020. Summer internship offers decreased from more than 70% offers in 2018 and 2019 to less than 35% in 2020. Of those who received summer internship offers in summer 2020, the majority received offers from public health organizations (74.67%), while 25.33% received offers from private and other health organizations.

Conclusion:

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on summer 2020 internship opportunities at health organizations has been profound in Saudi Arabia. Health organizations were influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic to offer summer internship opportunities for graduating students. This study contributes to understanding the present situation in attempting to predict the future impacts of pandemics with characteristics similar to COVID-19 on internships.
Composição da despesa com pessoal e déficit fiscal: uma análise dos Estados e Distrito Federal
Authors: De Oliveira Ronaldo Ribeiro , Cavalcante Luiz Ricardo
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever e sistematizar as diferentes interpretações do conceito dedespesa com pessoal nas medidas de déficit fiscal nos Estados e no Distrito Federal. Com essepropósito, examinam-se os dados relativos à despesa total com pessoal (DTP) das 27 unidades daFederação. Os resultados indicam que em 23 delas há divergências entre os dados publicados e oentendimento da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional (STN), as quais estão relacionadas à exclusão doImposto de Renda Retido na Fonte (IRRF), do abono de permanência, dos pensionistas, dos inativose da contribuição previdenciária patronal. Argumenta-se que o subdimensionamento da DTP tendea i) ampliar a margem de expansão de gastos remuneratórios; ii) criar a ilusão de enquadramentonos limites fixados pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF); iii) limitar as possibilidades de sançõesprevistas na LRF; e iv) gerar impacto previdenciário em razão da paridade e do aumento de inativos.
Aderência dos orçamentos dos estados brasileiros à luz da teoria do equilíbrio pontuado
Authors: Galdino Marlon Coqueiro , Andrade Maria Elisabeth Moreira Carvalho
Published: January 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o comportamento do orçamento dos estados brasileiros. Ointuito da análise foi verificar a aderência dos orçamentos dos governos estaduais à luz da teoriado equilíbrio pontuado. A análise constituiu-se a partir dos dados orçamentários dos estados edo Distrito Federal compreendendo os anos de 2002 até 2018. Foram selecionadas ainda quatrofunções de despesas para a análise, além do orçamento geral. Testou-se a normalidade dos dadospara demonstrar o incrementalismo e a curtose para verificar as pontuações no orçamento.Observou-se que, no caso do orçamento geral, vinte e cinco estados apresentaram-se commodelo incremental. Quanto às despesas por função, foi verificado que somente os Estados doEspírito Santo e do Rio de Janeiro mostraram evidências da presença do equilíbrio pontuado paraas funções de saúde e segurança pública, respectivamente. Por fim, concluiu-se que a teoria doequilíbrio pontuado não se aplica, de modo geral, aos orçamentos dos estados do Brasil, salvoalgumas exceções. Portanto, a hipótese da pesquisa de que o orçamento segue uma tendênciaregular, pontualmente alterada por grandes variações, não foi confirmada.
Governança pública nas cidades inteligentes: revisão teórica sobre seus principais elementos
Authors: Félix Júnior Luiz Antônio , Guimarães Luciana Gondim de Almeida , Costa Wênyka Preston Leite Batista da , Cruz Vera Lúcia , El-Aouar Walid Abbas
Published: January 2021

Uma cidade pode ser definida como inteligente se adotar um estilo inovador de governança colaborativa para projetar políticas urbanas, visando à melhoria da qualidade de vida dos cidadãos. Portanto, este estudo objetivou compreender elementos que colaboram para o desenvolvimento de uma governança pública na perspectiva das cidades inteligentes. A proposta é baseada em uma revisão sistemática da literatura no período de 2009 a 2020. Nessa revisão foi utilizado o Software VOSviewer® como auxiliar. Foram analisadas 32 produções, sendo apresentados: conceitos; tendências e elementos; agenda de pesquisas futuras; quantitativos de pesquisadores, instituições, países e trabalhos mais citados. Conclui-se que o conceito de governança inteligente se dá pela associação entre o uso da tecnologia e o envolvimento dos atores locais, em especial o cidadão, para definição mais acertada das políticas públicas, coprodução de serviços e práticas de governo, gerando uma maior confiança na administração pública. Foram constatados alguns elementos que colaboram para o desenvolvimento da governança inteligente, como: dados; transparência; participação; contexto; cidadão; colaboração; desenvolvimento; tecnologia da informação e comunicação; e meio ambiente. O estudo contribui academicamente por apresentar direcionamentos sobre o tema da governança, temática ainda pouco explorada nas cidades inteligentes. Gerencialmente, pelo levantamento de características existentes na governança da cidade inteligente, servindo de base para o desenvolvimento de projetos de governança nas cidades. Como agenda futura, sugerem-se estudos que abordem a aproximação entre os atores sociais; mecanismos de participação em plataformas eletrônicas; desenvolvimento de modelo de referência com capacidade de inferência estatística.
Avaliação da transparência ativa e passiva das universidades públicas federais do Brasil à luz da Lei de Acesso à Informação
Authors: De Lima Melina Pompeu , Abdalla Márcio Moutinho , Lima Oliveira Leonel Góis
Published: January 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se as 63 Universidades Federais do Brasil são transparentes no que tange aos quesitos transparência ativa e passiva estipulados pela Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI). Para isso, utilizou-se da revisão de literatura, levantamento das universidades federais, utilização de parâmetros normativos, formulação dos pedidos de informação, construção de instrumentos de pontuação e definição de métodos de ranqueamento. Os resultados de cada transparência foram positivos, mas assimétricos, revelando um comprometimento maior das universidades com a transparência passiva, dada uma alta porcentagem de respostas dentro da população estudada (71%), em detrimento da transparência ativa (56%). No entanto, em cada uma das etapas foram detectados obstáculos próprios, como a interpretação errônea do que foi perguntado ou o envio de inúmeros arquivos, em formatos variados, complexos e não amigáveis, no caso da transparência passiva. Já na aferição da transparência ativa, ficou óbvia a existência de descumprimento em relação às orientações utilizadas como parâmetro, o que gerou uma gama de dados heterogêneos, cujo tratamento exigiu a construção de instrumentos apropriados.