bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical analysis of anisotropic thermophoresis of a charged spheroidal colloid in aqueous media for extremely thin EDL cases
Authors: Zhou Yi , Zhu Changxing , Bian Kun , Yang Mingyuan , Yang Chun
Published: July 2021

Thermophoresis of charged spheroids has been widely applied in biology and medical science. In this work, we report an analysis of the anisotropic thermophoresis of diluted spheroidal colloids in aqueous media for extremely thin EDL cases. Under the boundary layer approximation, we formulate the thermophoretic velocity, the thermophoretic force, and the thermodiffusion coefficient of a randomly dispersed spheroid. The parametric studies show that under the aforementioned conditions, the thermophoresis is anisotropic and its thermodiffusion coefficient should be considered as a vector, DT. The thermodiffusion coefficient values and directions of DT are strongly related to the aspect ratio and the angle θ between the externally applied temperature gradient and the particle's axis of revolution: The increasing aspect ratio enlarges the thermodiffusion coefficient value DT of prolate (oblate) spheroids to a constant value when θ < 60° (θ > 45°), and it reduces DT of prolate (oblate) spheroids to a constant value when θ > 60° (θ < 45°). The thermodiffusion coefficient direction of both prolate and oblate spheroids deviates slightly from −∇T∞ for a small aspect ratio, and such deviation becomes serious for a large aspect ratio.
How the capacity of bedrock to collect dust and produce soil affects phosphorus bioavailability in the northern Appalachian Mountains of Pennsylvania
Authors: Marcon Virginia , Hoagland Beth , Gu Xin , Liu Wenjing , Kaye Jason , DiBiase Roman A. , Brantley Susan L.
Published: July 2021

More above‐ground biomass (kg m−2) grows in the northern Appalachian Mountains (USA) in forests on shale than on sandstone at all landscape positions other than ridgetops. This has been tentatively attributed to physical (rather than chemical) attributes of the substrates, such as elevation, particle size, and water capacity. However, shales have generally similar phosphorus (P) concentrations to sandstones and, in the Valley and Ridge province, they erode more quickly. This led us to hypothesize that faster replenishment of the lithogenic nutrient P in shale soils through erosion + soil production could instead control the differences in biomass. To test this, soils and foliage from 10 sites on shales and sandstones in the northern Appalachians from roughly the same elevation and aspect were analysed. We discovered that, when controlling for location, concentrations of bioavailable P in soils and P in foliage were higher and P resorbed from senescing red oak leaves was lower on slower‐eroding sandstone than on faster‐eroding shale. Lower resorption generally can be attributed to lower P limitation for trees. Further investigation of weathering and erosion on one of the sandstone–shale pairs within a larger, paired watershed study revealed that the differences in P concentrations in biomass and foliage between lithologies likely developed because sandstones act as ‘collectors’ that trap nutrients from residual and exogenous sources, while shales erode quickly and thus promote production of soil from bedrock that releases P to ecosystems. We concluded that the combined effects of differential rates of dust collection and erosion results in roughly equal biomass growing on sandstone and shale ridgetops. This work emphasizes the balance between a landscape's capacity to collect dust versus produce soil in controlling bioavailability of nutrients.
Dietary inflammatory index and odds of breast cancer: A case–control study
Authors: Hammad Shatha S. , Mahmoud Reema , Shivappa Nitin , Hebert James R. , Marie Lina , Tayyem Reema F.
Published: July 2021

Breast cancer (BrCA) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide. This study aimed to examine the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and BrCA among Jordanian women. A total of 400 adult women were enrolled into this case–control study. Cases were 200 women recently diagnosed with BrCA selected from the two hospitals that provide cancer therapy in Jordan. They were matched on age, income, and marital status with 200 BrCA‐free controls. DII scores were calculated from dietary data that were collected in a face‐to‐face interview conducted between October 2016 and September 2017 using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. The study results revealed no significant associations between DII scores in relation to the odds of developing BrCA after multivariable adjustment including age, education, total energy, BMI, number of pregnancy, contraceptive use, lactation, smoking, and family history of BrCA. Stratified analyses by obesity status showed that overweight/obese participants in the highest DII tertile had a >75% increased BrCA risk (OR of 1.77 [95% CI, 1.01–3.12]) compared with participants in the lowest tertile, after adjusting for age. The results from this study showed no significant relationship between the proinflammatory potential of the diet and BrCA risk in the overall study population. However, results stratified by weight category indicated an effect of diet‐associated inflammation on BrCA risk in the overweight/obese group. Results of the study are consistent with a recommendation aimed at maintaining higher diet quality, that is, adopting healthy diets characterized by low DII scores in order to reduce the risk for BrCA.
The latent class structure of substance use in US adults 50 years and older
Authors: Schepis Ty S. , McCabe Sean Esteban
Published: July 2021

Objective

Substance use rates have increased in adults 50 years and older, and substance use in this population is associated with significant consequences. Given that little is known about their underlying substance use patterns, the objective was to identify latent classes of adults 50 years and older by past‐year substance use, past‐month substance use, and past‐year substance use disorder (SUD) diagnosis.

Methods

The National Survey on Drug Use and Health is an annual nationwide cross‐sectional U.S. survey. Participants were 35,229 civilian, non‐institutionalized U.S. residents, 50 years and older. Past‐year and past‐month alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine use, and opioid, stimulant, and tranquilizer/sedative prescription drug misuse (PDM) were captured, as was past‐year DSM‐IV SUD from these substances. Correlates included mental health, physical health, and healthcare utilization variables.

Results

Latent class analysis indicated four past‐year or past‐month substance use subgroups (Alcohol‐Only, Alcohol‐Tobacco‐Marijuana, Cocaine‐Polydrug, PDM‐Polydrug), with SUD prevalence rising from 3.2% to 17.3%, 68.8%, and 78.5% by past‐year subgroup; similarly, rates of past‐year suicidal ideation increased from 2.1%, to 4.8%, 12.0%, and 20.4% by past‐year subgroup. For SUD, there were three subgroups (Low Nicotine Dependence [ND], High Alcohol Use Disorder, Multiple SUDs). Over 90% of adults were in a low‐risk subgroup (i.e., Alcohol‐Only and Low ND), but members of Cocaine‐Polydrug, PDM‐Polydrug, or Multiple SUDs latent classes had high rates of mental and physical health concerns.

Conclusions

Most adults 50 and older have lower risk profiles, but those engaged in PDM or cocaine use are heavily substance‐involved and need screening and likely multi‐disciplinary intervention.
Intramolecular Charge‐Transfer Dynamics in Benzodifuran‐Based Triads
Authors: Keller Stephan , Hankache Jihane , Yushchenko Oleksandr , Lawson Daku Latévi Max , Sun Qinchao , Ding Jie , Decurtins Silvio , Vauthey Eric , Häner Robert , Hauser Andreas , Liu Shi‐Xia
Published: July 2021

A facile and efficient approach for the synthesis of new conjugated donor‐π‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) chromophores has been developed, in which benzodifuran (BDF) and/or triphenyl amine (TPA) units are the donor moieties, linked by ethylenic bridges to electron‐deficient anthraquinone (AQ) and 11,11,12,12‐tetracyano‐9,10‐anthraquinodimethane (TCAQ) as the acceptor moieties. The resultant triads either with a symmetric A–D–A or an asymmetric D′–D–A structure show intense absorption bands in the visible spectral region due to efficient intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from the HOMO localized on the BDF core to the LUMO localized on the AQ or the TCAQ unit. Electronic interactions between these redox‐active components were studied by a combination of cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochemistry, UV‐visible and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. Analysis of the femtosecond excited‐state dynamics reveal that all triads undergo a rapid charge recombination process which occurs within a few picoseconds, indicating that ethylenic linkers can facilitate electron delocalization among BDF and AQ/TCAQ units and thus impart effective electronic interactions between them.
The characteristics of Chinese anxiously withdrawn children's friendships: Quantity, quality, and protecting against loneliness
Authors: Zhao Dongmei , Barstead Matthew G. , Rubin Kenneth H. , Zhang Fengjuan , Zhou Zongkui
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare the friendship quantity and quality of urban Chinese anxiously withdrawn children with those of typical children, and to examine the moderating role of friendship in the relation between anxious withdrawal and feelings of loneliness. Anxiously withdrawn (n = 66) and typical children (n = 170) were identified from a complete sample (N = 572) using classroom nominations collected in grades 3–6 (Mage = 10.51, SD = 1.13). At the group level, compared with typical children, anxiously withdrawn children received fewer friendship nominations from their classmates, and particularly from male classmates. Anxiously withdrawn boys nominated fewer male classmates as friends than typical boys and anxiously withdrawn girls had fewer mutual friendships with girls than typical girls. Anxiously withdrawn children reported more conflicts within their friendships than typical children; and anxiously withdrawn girls reported lower positive friendship quality than typical girls. Using a variable‐centred approach with the complete sample, a Bayesian multilevel regression analysis revealed that positive friendship quality moderated the association between anxious withdrawal and feelings of loneliness.
Mixing warm‐season turfgrass cultivars to reduce weed pressure and increase lawn quality
Authors: Pinkney James L. , Laplante Kelly A. , Dale Adam G.
Published: July 2021

St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze] is a warm‐season turfgrass widely planted in monoculture throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Monocultures preserve desirable inheritable traits but may predispose turfgrass lawns to pest invasion and reliance on high‐maintenance inputs. Evidence from multiple plant systems suggests that increasing inter‐ or intra‐specific plant diversity increases resilience to biotic and abiotic stress. Here, we tested if mixing St. Augustinegrass cultivars would be a viable approach to reducing weed invasion and increasing turfgrass lawn quality compared with cultivar monocultures. Mixed‐cultivar plantings grew into denser stands of grass, which translated to about 4% less weed cover than cultivar monocultures. Digital image analysis showed that mixtures of four cultivars grew into higher quality turfgrass stands than cultivar monocultures. This study provides novel evidence that cultivar blends may reduce weed pressure and enhance St. Augustinegrass lawn quality, which, combined with other potential resilience benefits, may create a more sustainable approach to warm‐season turfgrass lawn production and management.
Implementation and evaluation of a centralized pharmacy telehealth center within an integrated health delivery system
Authors: Lussier Mia E. , Learn Leonard S. , Aftewicz Henry , Webster Leeann , Gazes Seth , Kern Melissa S. , Gionfriddo Michael R. , Graham Jove , Longyhore Daniel S. , Wright Eric A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Access to healthcare is a problem in the United States, exacerbated by inefficient system processes that warrant innovative reengineering solutions like centralized telehealth services.

Objective

The aim of this study is to describe the genesis and evolution of a centralized pharmacy telehealth center (“TelePharmacy”) at Geisinger, an integrated health delivery system.

Methods

Descriptive statistics on the operations and impact of the TelePharmacy program were performed from inception in August 2017 to November 2020 using electronic health record data. In addition, a survey of clinic staff prior to and after initial TelePharmacy roll‐out was conducted to assess the impact on time spent on medication‐related activities and satisfaction with the service.

Results

TelePharmacy completed over two million refills, resulting in a decreased workload for 40% of clinic staff. TelePharmacy pharmacists identified and rectified 3372 medication therapy problems over a 12‐month period. Over the first 3.5 years, TelePharmacy expanded into other clinical areas such as anticoagulation, transitions of care, and urinary tract infection management.

Conclusion

Geisinger was able to initiate and expand services offered by a centralized pharmacy telehealth center and positively impact care team burden. TelePharmacy is expected to continue to expand its efforts to improve the patient care experience at Geisinger.
Dependence‐robust inference using resampled statistics
Authors: Leung Michael P.
Published: July 2021

We develop inference procedures robust to general forms of weak dependence. The procedures utilize test statistics constructed by resampling in a manner that does not depend on the unknown correlation structure of the data. We prove that the statistics are asymptotically normal under the weak requirement that the target parameter can be consistently estimated at the parametric rate. This holds for regular estimators under many well‐known forms of weak dependence and justifies the claim of dependence robustness. We consider applications to settings with unknown or complicated forms of dependence, with various forms of network dependence as leading examples. We develop tests for both moment equalities and inequalities.
Current knowledge of immunomodulation strategies for chronic skin wound repair
Authors: Heydari Parisa , Kharaziha Mahshid , Varshosaz Jaleh , Javanmard Shaghayegh Haghjooy
Published: July 2021

In orchestrating the wound healing process, the immune system plays a critical role. Hence, controlling the immune system to repair skin defects is an attractive approach. The highly complex immune system includes the coordinated actions of several immune cells, which can produce various inflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines and affect the healing of skin wounds. This process can be optimized using biomaterials, bioactive molecules, and cell delivery. The present review discusses various immunomodulation strategies for supporting the healing of chronic wounds. In this regard, following the evolution of the immune system and its role in the wound healing mechanism, the interaction between the extracellular mechanism and immune cells for acceleration wound healing will be firstly investigated. Consequently, the immune‐based chronic wounds will be briefly examined and the mechanism of progression, and conventional methods of their treatment are evaluated. In the following, various biomaterials‐based immunomodulation strategies are introduced to stimulate and control the immune system to treat and regenerate skin defects. Other effective methods of controlling the immune system in wound healing which is the release of bioactive agents (such as antiinflammatory, antigens, and immunomodulators) and stem cell therapy at the site of injury are reviewed.
Causation and prediction in child and adolescent mental health research
Authors: Larsson Henrik
Published: July 2021

There have been recent advances in prediction model research in psychiatry. Several validated prediction models are available to support the diagnosis and prognosis of mental health conditions. Prediction model research is translational in nature and the translation pathway includes well conducted epidemiological studies. These studies provide essential information needed to develop new prediction models. Despite the recent advances in prediction model research in psychiatry, there are still important limitations that hamper translation into health care. Comprehensive and transparent reporting as well as an increased focus on external validation, implementation research and stakeholder involvement may help close the translational gap.
Do your first works over
Authors: James Susan , Lorenz Helene
Published: July 2021

This article presents in four parts various understandings of the deep roots of the current climate emergency, some thoughts about alternative transitional paths forward, and the ways the discipline of psychology might be relevant. In Section two, we explore environmental and ontological critiques and analyses that developed in the academic world in the 1990s after the 500th anniversary of the arrival of Columbus in the Americas. In Section three, we analyze the recent emergence of new materialisms and their connections to indigenous relational ontologies and practices in what has been called “the ontological turn” or “the decolonial turn.” In Section four, we trace the effects of coloniality in education. In Section five, we explore approaches to alternative world visions, new educational projects, the possible role of the discipline of psychology in transition discourses, and the urgency of the present moment.
Julian Ochorowicz's experiments with Eusapia Palladino 1894: The temporality of mass media and the crisis of local credibility
Authors: Surman Jan
Published: July 2021

Julian Ochorowicz (1850–1917) belonged to the first generation of psychologists who regarded this discipline as a scientific, positive endeavor. At the same time, he was a representative of psychic sciences, following a strictly positivist attitude to researching psychic phenomena. This article discusses the key event of his career, experiments with the famous medium Eusapia Palladino, in Warsaw, between late 1893 and early 1894. Ochorowicz's séances with Palladino attracted wide local and international attention and improved his standing as an internationally leading psychic researcher. In Warsaw, however, these experiments were fiercely controversial and, as a result, Ochorowicz was discredited and left the city. As I argue, this dissociation of credibilities was the outcome of a changing media landscape in the late nineteenth century. While Ochorowicz's strategy of boundary‐work and asserting his credibility aimed at scholarly media, it proved fatal when facing intensive, daily coverage in the popular press.
Iberian Neanderthals in forests and savannahs
Authors: Ochando Juan , Amorós Gabriela , Carrión José S. , Fernández Santiago , Munuera Manuel , Camuera Jon , Jiménez‐Moreno Gonzalo , González‐Sampériz Penélope , Burjachs Francesc , Marín‐Arroyo Ana B. , Roksandic Mirjana , Finlayson Clive
Published: July 2021

This article aims to delve into the reality of glacial refuges of forests and tree species (including conifers, mesothermophilous angiosperms and xerothermic scrub) during the cold dry phases of the Iberian Pleistocene in which there is evidence of occupation of Middle Palaeolithic people. The research framework focuses on the eastern sector of the Iberian Peninsula due to the physiographic, palaeobotanical and archaeological peculiarities, substantiated by recent studies. We contend that some Neanderthal occupations developed in the context of high geobiological complexity, high biological diversity and highly structured forest ecosystems. We highlight the importance of glacial refuges as local anomalies that, however, would be contingent on vegetational development, and on the survival of Palaeolithic groups in areas with a broad diversity of natural resources.
Complexity in the Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition in Peninsular Southern Europe and application of refugium concepts
Authors: Carvalho Milena , Bicho Nuno
Published: July 2021

During the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in the Balkan, Italian and Iberian peninsulas of southern Europe, late Neanderthal and early Anatomically Modern Human (AMH) populations may have overlapped in some capacity. Many of the hypotheses and models for the transition interval suggest that Neanderthal populations remained in, or migrated to, refugial zones while AMHs colonized areas not suitable for, or abandoned by, Neanderthals. However, many hypotheses and models have not been conclusively tested due to general issues impeding a clear understanding of the relevant archeological record and because of a lack of specificity in defining and applying the term ‘refugium’. This paper briefly summarizes what is known about the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in southern European Peninsulas and discusses some new directions in the use of refugium concepts in the study of Neanderthal extinction and AMH dispersal. We highlight the complexity of the archeological record in each region and in the studies of refugia more generally. Finally, we make an appeal for generating local, multi‐proxy paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic records to address these complexities so that hypotheses and models integrating refugial concepts in explanations of the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition can be properly formulated and tested.
Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound‐Guided Drainage of Joint Effusions in the Pediatric Emergency Setting: A Case Series
Authors: Scheier Eric , Levick Nadine , Ujirauli Neli , Raviv Orian , Balla Uri
Published: July 2021

Literature supporting the use of point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) for both identification and aspiration of effusions in large joints in the pediatric emergency department (PED) is sparse. We collected a case series of five patients who presented to the PED from August 2020 to December 2020 with an effusion in the hip, shoulder, knee, or elbow identified and aspirated under POCUS performed by pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians. POCUS confirms effusion location and size and visualization of a completely evacuated effusion. POCUS can also guide the decision to start antibiotics earlier in the course of illness, can prevent unnecessary transfers for formal sonographic imaging or for potentially unnecessary radiographic imaging. This series supports the role of a PEM physician and POCUS guidance in the identification and aspiration of large‐joint effusions.
Long‐Term Effects of Black‐Tailed Prairie Dogs on Livestock Grazing Distribution and Mass Gain
Authors: Augustine David J. , Derner Justin D.
Published: July 2021

The conservation and management of black‐tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) have been contentious issues in grasslands of central North America for much of the past century, primarily because of the perception that they compete with livestock for forage. Studies quantifying the magnitude of competition between prairie dogs and cattle are difficult to conduct because of the large spatial and long temporal scales needed to quantify how competition varies in response to interannual variation in precipitation and prairie dog abundance. We examined variation in mass gains of yearling steers in shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado, USA, with and without prairie dogs from 2008–2019, a period that encompassed a full cycle in prairie dog abundance from a nadir following plague‐induced population collapse, to peak abundance following population recovery, to plague‐induced population lows again. Analyses of cattle grazing distribution with global positioning system (GPS)‐collars revealed preferential grazing on colonies following a period of unusually high vegetation production, and preferential grazing off colonies following a period of rapid vegetation senescence, but these patterns were not clearly related to cattle mass gains. Across all 12 years of the study, average daily mass gain (ADG) during the growing season was 0.97 kg/steer/day in pastures where prairie dogs were controlled annually, and 0.95 kg/steer/day in pastures where they were not. Average daily mass gain was a quadradic function of precipitation and a linear function of prairie dog occupancy within a pasture, with a generalized linear mixed model predicting an 8.0% decrease in ADG as prairie dog occupancy increased from 0 to 60% of a pasture with average growing‐season precipitation. We did not detect a significant interaction between precipitation and prairie dog occupancy, but one limitation of our study is that the only drought year (2012) occurred when prairie dogs occupied low percentages (10–25%) of the study pastures. Prairie dogs had a small but detectable negative effect on cattle mass gains during the growing season in shortgrass steppe. The magnitude of this effect can be used by managers in combination with market conditions and the spatial extent of prairie dog colonies to estimate economic effects of prairie dogs on livestock operations. © 2021 The Wildlife Society. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
A Multi‐center Genome‐wide Association Study of Cervical Dystonia
Authors: Sun Yan V. , Li Chengchen , Hui Qin , Huang Yunfeng , Barbano Richard , Rodriguez Ramon , Malaty Irene A. , Reich Stephen , Bambarger Kimberly , Holmes Katie , Jankovic Joseph , Patel Neepa J. , Roze Emmanuel , Vidailhet Marie , Berman Brian D. , LeDoux Mark S. , Espay Alberto J. , Agarwal Pinky , Pirio‐Richardson Sarah , Frank Samuel A. , Ondo William G. , Saunders‐Pullman Rachel , Chouinard Sylvain , Natividad Stover , Berardelli Alfredo , Pantelyat Alexander Y. , Brashear Allison , Fox Susan H. , Kasten Meike , Krämer Ulrike M. , Neis Miriam , Bäumer Tobias , Loens Sebastian , Borsche Max , Zittel Simone , Maurer Antonia , Gelderblom Mathias , Volkmann Jens , Odorfer Thorsten , Kühn Andrea A. , Borngräber Friederike , König Inke R. , Cruchaga Carlos , Cotton Adam C. , Kilic‐Berkmen Gamze , Freeman Alan , Factor Stewart A. , Scorr Laura , Bremner J. Douglas , Vaccarino Viola , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Klein Christine , Perlmutter Joel S. , Lohmann Katja , Jinnah Hyder A.
Published: July 2021

Background

Several monogenic causes for isolated dystonia have been identified, but they collectively account for only a small proportion of cases. Two genome‐wide association studies have reported a few potential dystonia risk loci; but conclusions have been limited by small sample sizes, partial coverage of genetic variants, or poor reproducibility.

Objective

To identify robust genetic variants and loci in a large multicenter cervical dystonia cohort using a genome‐wide approach.

Methods

We performed a genome‐wide association study using cervical dystonia samples from the Dystonia Coalition. Logistic and linear regressions, including age, sex, and population structure as covariates, were employed to assess variant‐ and gene‐based genetic associations with disease status and age at onset. We also performed a replication study for an identified genome‐wide significant signal.

Results

After quality control, 919 cervical dystonia patients compared with 1491 controls of European ancestry were included in the analyses. We identified one genome‐wide significant variant (rs2219975, chromosome 3, upstream of COL8A1, P‐value 3.04 × 10−8). The association was not replicated in a newly genotyped sample of 473 cervical dystonia cases and 481 controls. Gene‐based analysis identified DENND1A to be significantly associated with cervical dystonia (P‐value 1.23 × 10−6). One low‐frequency variant was associated with lower age‐at‐onset (16.4 ± 2.9 years, P‐value = 3.07 × 10−8, minor allele frequency = 0.01), located within the GABBR2 gene on chromosome 9 (rs147331823).

Conclusion

The genetic underpinnings of cervical dystonia are complex and likely consist of multiple distinct variants of small effect sizes. Larger sample sizes may be needed to provide sufficient statistical power to address the presumably multi‐genic etiology of cervical dystonia. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Challenging the remarkably sharp roll‐off band notch with fragment‐type etch patterns
Authors: Du Yijun , Wu Xiaopo , Wang Gang
Published: July 2021

Ensuring the sharp roll‐off property of a filtering antenna in many applications is regarded as one of the highest priorities and requires the designers' full concentration. This work devotes itself to challenge the remarkably roll‐off characteristics by searching for the best fragment‐type patterns etched on a ultrawideband monopole radiator without using any other auxiliary components or resonant structures. The etch pattern is obtained technically by coping with the multi‐objective optimization issue based on the initial band notch generated by joint slits. Guide rules for presetting the two slits are also proposed. The results of roll‐off criterion (ROC) = 0.83 for notching the WLAN band ranging from 5.15 to 5.84 GHz and ROC = 0.91 for notching a broad band ranging from 4.8 to 6.35 GHz are presented in detail.
A focused ethnography of the culture of inclusive caring practice in the intensive care unit
Authors: Al‐Shamaly Hanan Subhi
Published: July 2021

Aim

To explore and understand the culture of nurses' multidimensional “caring‐for” practice in intensive care unit (ICU).

Design

A focused ethnography.

Methods

Data were collected from 35 Registered Nurses through participant observations, field notes, documentation reviews, interviews, informal conversations and Participants' additional information forms over 6 months in one ICU. Thematic data analysis was used.

Findings

Different dimensions of nursing caring in ICU were found. The inclusivity of a culture of nurses' “caring‐for” involved the following: oneself, patients and their families, different colleagues, and caring as ecological consciousness in the ICU environment and organization.
Reactivity of Coinage Metal Hydrides for the Production of H2 Molecules
Authors: Iribarren Iñigo , Sánchez‐Sanz Goar , Elguero José , Alkorta Ibon , Trujillo Cristina
Published: July 2021

The formation of molecular hydrogen as well as the possibility of using coinage metal hydrides as a prospective complex to produce hydrogen was presented in this work. Therefore, the reactions involving the interaction between two coinage metal hydrides, MH (M=Cu, Ag and Au, homo and heterodimers), were studied. The free energy profiles corresponding to aforementioned complexation were analysed by means of ab initio methods of quantum chemistry. The characteristics of these intermediates, final complexes and the electron density properties of the established interactions were discussed.
Concurrent maternal malignancy and fetal trisomy detected using genome‐wide noninvasive prenatal screening
Authors: Scott Fergus , Smet Maria‐Elisabeth , Hardy Tristan , Sundercombe Samantha , Friedlander Michael , Carey Louise , Kirk Edwin , Li Biao , McLennan Andrew
Published: July 2021

Key points

What is already known about the topic?

Multiple aneuploidies identified on cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) testing have an 18% positive predictive value for maternal malignancy.

Tumours often contain multiple chromosome errors including oncogene duplications.

In these instances, screening on more limited cfDNA screening platforms typically result in a technical failure or “no call”.

What is new about the topic?

Genome‐wide cfDNA assesses all chromosomes, including segmental aneuploidy, providing sufficient resolution for the detection of some cases of oncogene duplication.

Genome‐wide cfDNA screening is a commercial reality. The debate should now focus on how best to manage the additional information these assays provide.
Characteristics and progression‐free survival of Afro‐Caribbean men with metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer at the time of diagnosis
Authors: Rossignol Thibault , Gourtaud Gilles , Senechal Cédric , Sadreux Yvane , Roux Virginie , Blanchet Pascal , Brureau Laurent
Published: July 2021

Introduction and Objectives

Metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) accounts for 12% of prostate cancers diagnosed in Guadeloupe according to the Guadeloupean cancer registry. Most published studies have been conducted on the Caucasian population, whereas data concerning mHSPC in the Afro‐Caribbean population are lacking. We aimed to describe the patient characteristics and estimate the progression‐free survival of men with mHSPC in an Afro‐Caribbean population according to the available treatment.

Patients and Methods

This was a monocentric retrospective study that consecutively included 133 men with mHSPC between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2019 at the University Hospital of Guadeloupe. The primary endpoint was a description of the patients' characteristics with a description of complications at diagnosis. The secondary endpoint was progression‐free survival. Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox proportional hazard analyses were performed.

Results

The median age at diagnosis was 71 years. The median prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) was 147 ng/ml and 37% of patients presented with a disease‐related complication at diagnosis. The survival analysis according to treatment showed median survival of 15 months for the androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) + chemotherapy group, 20 months for the ADT + new hormone therapy group, and 21.5 months for the ADT alone group, with no significant difference between the three therapeutic options (log‐rank test: 0.27). In univariate analysis, none of the patient characteristics at diagnosis (i.e., age, PSA, bone lesions, visceral lesions) were significantly associated with the risk of progression, regardless of the treatment.

Conclusion

There was no significant difference in terms of progression‐free survival between currently validated treatments administered in the first line, regardless of the tumor volume or risk group. Future studies with larger numbers of patients and involving molecular factors are required to confirm or invalidate these results and understand the evolution of prostate cancer in our population and thus better prevent complications related to the disease.
Comparative study of B content and δ11B in the enamel of isolated teeth from brothers in the same family
Authors: Li Zixia , Miao Hong Wen , Li Bin Kai , Lu Hai
Published: July 2021

Rationale

The quantity of boron (B) and its isotopic ratios in tooth can provide information on dietary habits and oral health of individuals. These metrics are gradually being used in stomatology, environmental science and geochemistry.

Methods

This study measured the B concentration and δ11B in the enamel of isolated teeth from brothers in the same family living in high‐B‐exposure areas at different times using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and multicollector ICP‐MS.

Results

The results demonstrate that B content in tooth samples of two brothers is related to the time of shedding. The earlier the time of shedding, the lower is the B content in tooth. The B content increased from 20.5 μg/g of the central incisor (6–7 years old) of the younger brother to 50.4 μg/g of the second molar (10–12 years old). And B content for the elder brother increased from 28.7 to 58.3 μg/g at the same positions. In the same family, the diet and environmental input of B is basically similar, and the B exposure is basically the same every year. The annual growth rate of B for the younger brother in this experiment is about 4.98 μg/g per year and that for the elder brother is about 4.93 μg/g per year. The δ11B of shed teeth at different times from the same person is basically similar, but different from person to person. The δ11B of shed teeth from the elder brother varies from 15.5‰ to 17.9‰ and from the younger brother varies from 5.2‰ to 6.7‰. The δ11B is quite different for the brothers in the same family who had the same food and environmental intake of B.

Conclusions

The experimental data confirmed the relationship between the information of B (B content and δ11B) in shed teeth and B exposure. They provided an experimental basis using modern human teeth to apply B‐isotope paleo‐environmental significance.
Case study of event risk management with options strangles and straddles
Authors: Kownatzki Clemens , Putnam Bluford , Yu Arthur
Published: July 2021

Event risk environments may involve an elevated probability of both volatility regime shifts and sharp, abrupt price changes, either up or down. Purely direction‐oriented risk management approaches are not necessarily well‐suited for these market conditions. In this exploratory case study, we look at the possibility that non‐directional options strategies, such as straddles and strangles, may offer interesting benefits in the management of potential event risk environments. Our research involves only the case of the S&P500® Index from 2018 through 2020. We utilize the Market Sentiment Meter from CME Group to identify periods in which event risk may be present and particularly when the probability of sharp, abrupt price changes may be elevated. Our findings in this specific case suggest that selling option straddles and strangles during typical market conditions and then buying option straddles and strangles when the market sentiment switches to a more extreme state offers potential as an effective risk management approach for event risk. More research is needed over longer periods and for different securities, including international equity indices, to explore the usefulness of options strategies for event risk management.
Adaptive tracking of uncertain nonlinear systems under different types of input delays with urban traffic perimeter control application
Authors: Haddad Jack , Mirkin Boris
Published: July 2021

Pragmatic design method of direct model reference adaptive control (MRAC) is developed for a class of uncertain systems, where various input channels might have different delays and taking into account the effect of control saturation. To overcome the difficulty of directly predict the plant state and cope with different kinds of input delays, the proposed control design relies on implicit time‐delay prediction by using auxiliary linear Smith‐like dynamic units with adjustable gains. The design is unified to different time delay categories, that is, constant, time‐varying, or dependent on the current plant state. Within the context of the proposed approach, various adaptive control feedback strategies are designed for problems of continuous and sample‐and‐hold control implementations. Simulation results of a perimeter control for two interacting aggregate urban traffic regions are presented.
Income or education?Community‐levelantecedents of firms'category‐spanningactivities
Authors: Chae Heewon
Published: July 2021

Research Summary

This study investigates the relationships between consumer income, consumer education, and firms' propensities to span multiple market categories. Despite their positive correlation, I theorize contrasting effects of income and education on firms' variety‐enhancing spanning. Specifically, I propose that the strong purchasing power of high‐income communities should reduce the need for firms to operate in multiple categories, but culturally omnivorous preferences among educated elites should encourage firms' spanning. Analyses of 6,072 restaurants in a metropolitan area and a large‐scale survey offer support for these predictions. Education, though not income, has a further positive effect on firms' atypicality‐enhancing spanning. This study contributes to category and management research by focusing on audience heterogeneity as important antecedents of firms' action and explicating the multifaceted nature of spanning.

Managerial Summary

This study examines how restaurants decide their culinary categories and menus depending on residents' income and education levels of a city they are located in. I find restaurants in higher‐income communities tend to be more specialized in a single or fewer categories while those in lower‐income communities are more likely to diversify into multiple categories to reach a broader customer base. By comparison, restaurants in more educated communities tend to diversify into multiple categories and provide fusion food because educated cultural omnivores like to explore novelty. These findings imply that retail firms should consider the separate effects of income and education levels of target consumers in determining their business scope and product portfolio.
Manganese‐Based Micro/Nanomotors: Synthesis, Motion, and Applications
Authors: Yang Yangyang , Hu Kunsheng , Zhang Panpan , Zhou Peng , Duan Xiaoguang , Sun Hongqi , Wang Shaobin
Published: July 2021

As emerging micro/nano‐scale devices, micro/nanomotors have been innovatively applied in the environmental and biomedical applications. In this paper, the recent advances of Mn‐based micro/nanomotors (Mn‐micro/nanomotors) in catalytic oxidation of organic contaminants and the mechanisms in decomposition of H2O2 (e.g., the generation of O2 bubbles and reactive oxygen species) are reviewed. The intrinsic characteristics and synthetic strategies of Mn‐based materials are discussed, aiming to gain comprehensive understandings on the asymmetric design of micro/nanomotors. Mn‐micro/nanomotors have many advantages such as flexible structures, biocompatibility, powerful motion, long lifetime, and low‐cost as compared to noble‐metal micro/nanomotors. These merits fulfil Mn‐micro/nanomotors great promises from proof‐of‐concept studies to realistic applications, including pollutant decomposition, trace detection of heavy metal ions, oil removal, drug delivery, isolation of biological targets, and killing bacteria and cancer cells. The great flexibility in fabrication enables diverse and innovative strategies to address challenges for Mn‐micro/nanomotors, including high consumption of H2O2 and non‐directional motion. Meanwhile, a perspective of Mn‐micro/nanomotors in water remediation by coupling the motors with other Fenton/Fenton‐like systems to enhance the catalytic activity and to yield more reactive oxygen species is presented. Directions to the design of on‐demand H2O2‐fueled Mn‐micro/nanomotors for advanced purification of organic contaminants in aquatic systems are also proposed.
Constraining active-sterile neutrino transition magnetic moments at DUNE near and far detectors
Authors: Schwetz Thomas , Zhou Albert , Zhu Jing-Yu
Published: July 2021

Abstract

We consider the sensitivity of the DUNE experiment to a heavy neutral lepton, HNL (also known as sterile neutrino) in the mass range from a few MeV to a few GeV, interacting with the Standard Model via a transition magnetic moment to the active neutrinos, the so-called dipole portal. The HNL is produced via the up-scattering of active neutrinos, and the subsequent decay inside the detector provides a single-photon signal. We show that the tau-neutrino dipole portal can be efficiently probed at the DUNE far detector, using the tau-neutrino flux generated by neutrino oscillations, while the near detector provides better sensitivity to the electron- and muon-neutrino dipole portal. DUNE will be able to explore large regions of currently unconstrained parameter space and has comparable sensitivity to other planned dedicated experiments, such as SHiP. We also comment briefly on the sensitivity to pure HNL mixing with the tau neutrino at the DUNE far detector.
Entanglement Entropy and Quantum Phase Transition in the O(N) σ-model
Authors: Chen Jiunn-Wei , Dai Shou-Huang , Pang Jin-Yi
Published: July 2021

Abstract

We investigate how entanglement entropy behaves in a non-conformal scalar field system with a quantum phase transition, by the replica method. We study the σ-model in 3+1 dimensions which is O(N) symmetric as the mass squared parameter μ2 is positive, and undergoes spontaneous symmetry breaking while μ2 becomes negative. The area law leading divergence of the entanglement entropy is preserved in both of the symmetric and the broken phases. The spontaneous symmetry breaking changes the subleading divergence from log to log squared, due to the cubic interaction on the cone. At the leading order of the coupling constant expansion, the entanglement entropy reaches a cusped maximum at the quantum phase transition point μ2 = 0, and decreases while μ2 is tuned away from 0 into either phase.
Correction to: Global Radioxenon Emission Inventory from Nuclear Power Plants for the Calendar Year 2014
Authors: Kalinowski Martin B. , Tatlisu Halit
Published: July 2021

For the NPPs of the Republic of Korea, the release rates of all four radioxeon isotopes need to be corrected.
The distributional consequences of social distancing on poverty and labour income inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Delaporte Isaure , Escobar Julia , Peña Werner
Published: July 2021

This paper estimates the potential distributional consequences of the first phase of the COVID-19 lockdowns on poverty and labour income inequality in 20 Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. We estimate the share of individuals that are potentially able to remain active under the lockdown by taking into account individuals’ teleworking capacity but also whether their occupation is affected by legal workplace closures or mobility restrictions. Furthermore, we compare the shares under the formal (de jure) lockdown policies assuming perfect compliance with the shares under de facto lockdowns where there is some degree of non-compliance. We then estimate individuals’ potential labour income losses and examine changes in poverty and labour income inequality. We find an increase in poverty and labour income inequality in most of the LAC countries due to social distancing; however, the observed changes are lower under de facto lockdowns, revealing the potential role of non-compliance as a coping strategy during the lockdowns. Social distancing measures have led to an increase in inequality both between and within countries. Lastly, we show that most of the dispersion in the labour income loss across countries is explained by the sectoral/occupational employment structure of the economies.
Bounding the log-derivative of the zeta-function
Authors: Chirre Andrés , Gonçalves Felipe
Published: July 2021

Assuming the Riemann hypothesis we establish explicit bounds for the modulus of the log-derivative of Riemann’s zeta-function in the critical strip.