bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishing self-healing and error correction in wireless sensor networks using honeypot database
Authors: TapasBapu B. R. , Nagaraju V. , Ramesh M. , Rajesh Kanna S. K. , Sailaja P
Published: December 2020

The quantity of noxious assault has been ascending due to rise of fresh susceptibilities as well as types of assaults that has been found every day. The stemming of growing counts of pernicious movement in remote system, it has been of a great interest for assault examination as well as the recognizable proof of new dangers. In a model of this kind, safety has not been considered as a condition, but rather a procedure, that implies so as one have to continually enhance and improve safety instruments to ensure worms in system. In order to establish legitimate safety framework one has to recognize and examine the dangers unmistakably. Honeypots, devices for assault examination and zero-day abuse revelation, have been uninvolved in sitting tight for an aggressor. The present study tries to suggest a methodology that involves procedure that has three stages to make it into a successful usage of honeypots taking into account participation amongst honeypots. The system through the methodology programmed distinguishing proof of malignant exercises would be executed in system. The methodology in this study utilizes strategies for i. Hub verification, ii. Self Healing, iii. Mistake Correction. The suggested programmed systems have been effective as well as require neither past preparation nor information of assault marks so as to distinguish malevolent exercises. Server, Database that is real and data based on Honeypot have been utilized to screen besides to explore the vindictive movement in the system. Server has been utilized for social affair hub data since group leader as well as saves the data in a genuine and information has been depending on the Honeypot in light of hubs data. Through the helping of this methodology section of new noxious hub would be confined. At long last, three stage procedure presented in this study distinguish pernicious action and gives secure system.
A Novel Power Management Scheme for Distributed Generators in a DC Microgrid IOP: Conference Series
Authors: Ravi Kishore D , Chandra Sekhar G , Prakash R B R , Vijay Muni T
Published: December 2020

The energy management scheme is a desirable solution to integrate multiple renewable energy generators into the network and operate them synchronously. Controlling the energy shared between different distributed generators is an important consideration for the stabilized operation of the electricity grid. In this thesis work, a new method with the concept of fall control technique is used and is designed to control the power of each individual generator in the particular DC network. The proposed energy management scheme can be widely applied to the grid connected to the grid and to the grid isolated from the electricity grid to obtain high energy distribution efficiency and also provide greater stability. An efficient power control method for sharing the power required by the load is designed based on the drop control concept. The proposed controller can be applied to a single distributed generator to adjust its output power quickly and accurately. The power sharing control method was formulated, modeled and verified by simulating transient stability and steady state test studies. The optimal coupling resistance for power sharing was also identified. Controller interaction and communication delay were also investigated. Communication delay interference is negligible for the shared power controller. The system is simulated in the MATLAB / SIMULINK environment.
IoT based energy efficient architecture for integrated Smart Grid
Authors: Udaya kumar L , Ramya KC , Radhakrishnan G , Gomathy V , Sheeba Rani S
Published: December 2020

The emergence of Smart Grid (SG) plays a vital role in energy generation and distribution system. As SG is the association of numerous applications, this can be properly utilized to reduce the energy consumption. Hence, in this work, a new architecture is proposed to optimize the usage of RES effectively. This proposed architecture utilizes IoT for gathering the power consumption profile of the devices. Based on this profile, a schedule for a device is generated by the Micro Grid. The analysis shows the efficiency of proposed architecture.
Travel Mobile Technology Applications and Domestic Tourist Behavior: Analyzing the Reliability and Validity of Instruments
Authors: Hashim Nik Alif Amri Nik , Bakar Nurzehan Abu , Remeli Mohammed Ruqaimi , Samengon Harnidah , Omar Raja Norliana Raja , Nawi Nor Maizana Mat , Razali Nor Amira Mohd , Mahshar Munirah
Published: December 2020

The Internet plays a significant part in the lives of people in the modern age of globalization as it influences the way people travelowing to its cheaper, easier, and efficient prices. Nevertheless, limited research has been conducted on the use of mobile phones or android among young tourists in booking and planning their travels. By taking the approach of quantitative methods, this pilot study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the instruments used to assess the factors influencing the use of travel mobile applications among domestic tourists in Klang Valley. In this study, atotal of 200 data samples were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS 25. Preliminarily, experts’ evaluation was employed to examine the data content as well asthe reliability, validity, and normality of the data. Based on the findings, the reliability of the measuring instruments used in this study has beenassured and the data were proven to be rationally normal. Additionally, this study supports the instruments proposed for further research.
Study the Characteristics, inverse square lawand Application of Geiger-Miller Detector in Detection of Milk Purity in Samawa city
Authors: Talib Karar Mahdi , Talib Karar Mahdi , Hadi Mohammed Yahya
Published: December 2020

Radiation is naturally present in our environment and exist since the birth of this planet. It comes from outer space (cosmic), the ground (terrestrial), and even from within our own bodies. In physics, the radiation defines as the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium. I have studied its characteristics, its operating region and some laws of radiation which will help us to know more about the counter. Not only we can study the characteristics of Geiger Muller tube but also we can use it in day to day life. In my present study I have studied the characteristics of Geiger Muller tube, Inverse square law and its application as detector in case of milk adulteration. I learned many scientific applications of the G. M. Counter. I tried to study the adulteration in milk in my city Samawa with the help of G. M. Counter. If we generalize the G M Counter and procedure we can detect adulteration in other liquids such as oils, fuels etc.
An IoT Based Approach to Monitor and Replace Batteries for Battery Operated Vehicle
Authors: Kaushal Rajesh Kumar , Panda Surya Narayan , Kumar Naveen
Published: December 2020

In today's world of constant connectivity, instant gratification and customer-driven market, immediate availability of battery supply warehouses and replacement are the vast array of challenges faced by the vehicles such as e-rickshaws. Eelectric vehicles, as a new generation of vehicles, are increasingly favoured by the automotive research field because of their incomparable advantages in energy saving and emission reduction and reduction of human dependence on traditional fossil resources. Especially in the issue of safe operation and supervision of electric vehicles, it has received special attention. Therefore, remote monitoring and management of electric vehicles and remote monitoring of battery replacement stations have become an important part of the safe operation of electric vehicles. In the traditional approach, the recharging pattern of batteries of the e-rickshaw drivers is their own household sockets but the proposed system can immediately provide charged batteries and replace the used batteries by tracking the battery life along with storing the necessary data in the cloud so that it can be accessed from anywhere.
Vision Tracking and Optical Character Recognition for Augmented Reality based Attendance System
Authors: Kaur D P , Mantri A
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a system for smart portable electronic device which is based on computer vision-based techniques for scanning the manually entered data by the user for automatic update on a central database and augmented reality is used for automatic display of updated data to the user. The developed application is in the form of an Android app which is installed in compatible smart portable electronic device. The system for providing an interactive augmented reality-based attendance uses image processing for optical character recognition to identify the characters in the register marked as X’ for absence and any numeric data for presence of the student. For capturing the images, an AR enabled device can be used which is connected to a central database through the internet and the user is made to visualize the augmented information in the form of overlaid virtual content on the real scene.
Modelling and Analysis of Foldable Motorcycle Helmet for Human Comfort
Authors: Palanivendhan M , Vengatesan S , Naresh G , Jain Prathik , Aakash Vinu
Published: December 2020

Riding a motorcycle gives rider the freedom of the open road. However, there are some serious dangers involved in it. Thus, motorcyclists need to take extra precautionary measures to protect their body. The foremost place to start out is by protecting the top. The head and brain are the most susceptible to injury during a motorcycle accident than any other body part. Wearing a helmet increases the chance of survival significantly over non-helmet wearers. From 2008 to 2010, there have been 14,283 motorcyclist fatalities and 6,057 of them involved the rider not wear a helmet. Also, in India, it’s absolutely compulsory for motorcycle riders to wear helmets under the Section 129 of the automobiles Act, 1988. The rule also states that a standard safety helmet should have a thickness of 20-25 mm, with quality foam to absorb the impacts. The most frequent reasons for not using a helmet were weight of the helmet (77%), discomfort due to the heat, pain within the neck and inconvenience to carry it due to its bulky nature. Our project aims at easing the neighbourhood of carrying the helmet by making it collapsible when not in use making it portable and convenient. The new helmet design will have a similar design to a normal motorcycle helmet but will have collapsible/foldable mechanism that reduces the volume of the helmet by 20% and thus making it less bulky. The new mechanism is such that it doesn’t compromise on the protection of the rider. This therefore increases the convenience of usage and also the portability aspect of the helmet. The main goal of the project is to develop a collapsible helmet design that features a considerably reduced space occupied by 20% while retaining all the characteristics of a standard helmet that’s available in the market. This will therefore encourage the riders to use helmets more often and hence decrease the number of deaths caused by road accidents.
Fabrication and Characteristization of Bagasse Ash Particle (BAP) Reinforced Magnesium (AZ91E) Alloy Composite by Vacuum Stir Casting
Authors: Thirugnanasambandham T , Chandradass J
Published: December 2020

The present study is to fabricate AZ91E alloy matrix composite by varying the Bagasse ash particle (50μm) content (0, 5, 7.5, and 10wt%) via vacuum stir casting technique. The samples were characterized for its mechanical and microstructure properties. The mechanical properties of BAP reinforced composites were evaluated as per the ASTM standard and compared to unreinforced AZ91E alloy. The effect of reinforcement and distribution of BAP has been examined through a scanning electron microscope. The results of AZ91E magnesium alloy with 10wt% of BAP have found to have maximum tensile strength. The impact strength and hardness shows a marginal increase with increasing bagasse ash particle.
Optimization of cutting parameters of hybrid metal matrix composite AA6061/ZrB2 and ZrC during dry turning
Authors: Rajesh Ruban S , David Raja Selvam J , Leo Dev Wins K , Kandavalli Sumanth Ratna
Published: December 2020

The predominant aim of the research has been meant to evaluate cutting characteristic features of machining on AA6061/ZrB2-ZrC hybrid composite metal matrix with polycrystalline diamond tool. Though researchers understand, Taguchi would be used for dry turning operations to find the optimal cutting parameters. We have used the Taguchi L16 orthogonal array in the current investigation to evaluate the cutting characteristics. Through this work it’s analyzed that the optimal cutting as well as main cutting parameters actually affects the cutting performance. In order to understand the effectiveness of investigational optimization, confirmatory tests have been carried out hybrid composites fabrication composite has proved that it has better machining characterization. Hence, the fabricated composite can be recommended for applications especially hypersonic flight and rocket propulsion systems and because of the presence of hard ceramic material it is used commercially for the manufacture of cutting tools inserts.
Experimental Study and Determination of the Effect of Drilling EDM Parameters for Incoloy 800 Alloy
Authors: Arunbharathi R , Ashoka Varthanan P , Jayasurya R , Kavin SV , Jayasuriya S
Published: December 2020

This work involves the experimental study of drilling EDM parameters for Incoloy 800 alloy. Material erosion rate and tool wear rate has been considered as the response characteristics. Design of experimental runs were framed using CCD based response surface methodology. The experiments are performed in random manner with different combination of pulse current, spark duration, voltage and pulse interval and the results obtained are analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Various 3D plots are generated by using Design Expert software in this work. Discharge current and spark duration were found as the dominant variables for MRR and EWR and the effect is high on these two responses relative to other variables.
Electric Power Train design for FSAE Electric Car and Study of that Performance Parameters
Authors: Palanivendhan M , Kiran S , Boopathi D , Dhingra Dhruv , Madhuritha R
Published: December 2020

The aim of this work is to develop the power train of an FSAE electric car by modelling the vehicle on MATLAB/Simulink and then estimating the performance parameters such as acceleration (longitudinal and lateral), velocity (longitudinal and lateral), force (longitudinal and lateral), energy consumption (mechanical and electrical), power (mechanical and electrical), voltage drop and many more. These parameters are used to define endurance and acceleration capabilities of the vehicle as well as cornering properties. The future goal of this work is to estimate the different vehicle parameters and use these parameters to generate algorithms and design Electronic Differentials for the upcoming generations of FSAE vehicles.
Design and Development of Variable overhang chassis mechanism
Authors: Yokeshwaran S , Palanivendhan M , Sharma Chitransh , Sharma Rahul , Bindal Parth
Published: December 2020

This mechanism is designed in such some way that the vehicle can have safe, simple and stable mobility even at the higher speeds. To confirm that the overhang is safe and secure while expansion and retraction positions. This mechanism will be powered by hydraulics and electronics by functionality. As this mechanism only be used for electric vehicles, it brings a modern approach for utilizing the massive existing space in the electric vehicle and proving additional safety to the vehicle This concept of the variable overhang mechanism also provides a new approach in designing the vehicle of future as the frontal crumple zone will be expanded and retracted in accordance to the speed variation. This system will be acting as an active safety system providing different configurations in adjustment to the road conditions and speed variations. Among the major road crashes which occurs in our day to day lives, most of those crashes are notes as head on collision. The current safety systems such as seatbelts and airbags perform a good job in safeguarding a person from upcoming injuries but despite of them we still require an additional system which will further improve the current safety conditions. This design will function by variable overhang mechanism which will further be helpful in crash reduction and will support vehicle as an added safety. In addition to this, it will support vehicle as a safety component by the introduction of honeycomb bumper, which will further sustain the impact and would be a great tool of utility. The honeycomb bumper will help sustaining the initial impact of the vehicle over crashes. This will result in drastic impact reduction at cabin area and improvising the safety conditions for the vehicle and certainly limit the impact transfer to the passenger cabin area. This safety feature will work on the principle of crumple zone, where the front mechanism of the vehicle will act as the frontal crumple zone to the vehicle by its self-breakdown tendency.
Preparation of Graphene based Hydroxyapatite by Freeze Drying Method
Authors: Gopi Krishnan R , Suganthan R , Prabhakaran V
Published: December 2020

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is one of the major compounds that play a major role in bone restoration. The skeletal bone of our body contains about 80% hydroxyapatite. Low stiffness and strong stiffness are a major problem for HA, after a lot of research and researchers have come to the conclusion that Hydroxyapatite is a bad thing it can't build a proper structure so adding graphene oxide and hydroxyapatite will improve the strength and durability of the material so that the flaws can be fixed, at last we have added a few other natural biomaterials which are used to increase cellular contact and are said to be an effective treatment for osteoporosis. Graphene oxide is a carbon-based material that provides a good durable for any other material used. In this article, we propose a unique method of preparing Graphene based Hydroxyapatite by Freeze Drying Method. This method is most promising for preparing for Hydroxyapatite in a very simple and elegant manner. After the entire preparation process the so formed HAP is characterized with FTIR analysis to confirm the molecular presence of the HAP.
Preparation of Graphene Oxide Based Hydrogel for Diabetics Foot Ulcer
Authors: Karthikeyan R , Fazil M , Prabhakaran V
Published: December 2020

Diabetes is a condition that impairs the body’s ability to process glucose otherwise known as blood sugar. High levels of blood glucose caused by diabetes can over time affect the nerves and lead to poor blood circulation making it hard for the blood needed for skin repair to reach areas of the body affected by wounds. In this paper we produce a component material which heals the wound for diabetic patients in a short period of time. Normally, wound is healed in slow process therefore we designed a hydrogel for fast recovery in diabetic patient. In this work the Graphene oxide (GO) is synthesized using popular chemical method and the particle size is characterized using FTIR analysis. This Graphene Oxide (GO) as hydrogel can make the process of healing is faster method for diabetic patients. Graphene oxide (GO) have been incorporated into hydrogels to improve the properties of conventional hydrogel and healing property.
Effect of Debonding on Stiffness and Long-term Creep of Sandwich panels IOP: Conference Series
Authors: Siva Kishore I. , Mallika Chowdary Ch. , Ranga Rao V.
Published: December 2020

The main objective of this study was to analyze the effect of debonding on the stiffness and long-term creep of sandwich panel. Sandwich panel is made of thermoplastic core which is viscoelastic in nature and debonding is the major failure mode of the sandwich panel. Sandwich beams were made of different types of materials and the different materials have different properties. Numerical modeling of sandwich beam with aluminium face sheet and polypropylene core is done. Analysis was performed by using ANSYS software and the element used in the modeling is SHELL181. Four-point load configuration was created for the model with loading of 60 % of core shear strength according to McCallum (2012) and the model were subjected to static deflection. Static deflection results were compared with experimental and theoretical results and stiffness of deboned sandwich beam was evaluated. Primary and Secondary creep was evaluated in ANSYS by using Time hardening and the Norton equations to the propylene core and Burger model was used to fit with the secondary creep of the bonded sandwich beam. The primary and the secondary creep of bonded and the deboned sandwich beams were compared and long-term creep of deboned sandwich beam was determined.
Thermal conductivity of a thick 3D textile composite using an RVE model with specialized thermal periodic boundary conditions
Authors: Kim Hye-gyu , Ji Wooseok
Published: December 2020

Finite element analysis is performed to virtually measure homogenized thermal conductivity of a thick 3D woven textile composite (T3DWC). Temperature-dependent thermal and mechanical properties of constituents are considered for the measurements over a wide range of temperature. A two-step homogenization approach is adopted here to simplify the analysis at the microscopic level without losing heterogeneity of the material at the macroscopic scale. First-step homogenization is carried out at a tow level using an analytical homogenization scheme. Fiber tows are homogenized and assigned with effective elastic and thermal properties. The solid tows are then implemented into a representative volume element considering the unique in-plane periodic fiber architecture of the thick composite material. Due to the unique in-plane periodicity, conventional periodic boundary conditions for thermal and mechanical loading conditions are reformulated. Anisotropic thermal conductivity of T3DWC is obtained from the second-step homogenization based on virtual thermal tests performed at ambient to elevated temperatures.
Positivity of direct images of fiberwise Ricci-flat metrics on Calabi-Yau fibrations
Authors: Braun Matthias , Choi Young-Jun , Schumacher Georg
Published: December 2020

Let

X
X

be a Kähler manifold which is fibered over a complex manifold

Y
Y

such that every fiber is a Calabi-Yau manifold. Let

ω
\omega

be a fixed Kähler form on

X
X

. By Yau’s theorem, there exists a unique Ricci-flat Kähler form

ω

K
E
,
y

\omega _{KE,y}

on each fiber

X
y

X_y

for

y
∈
Y

y\in Y

which is cohomologous to

ω

|

X
y

\omega \vert _{X_y}

. This family of Ricci-flat Kähler forms

ω

K
E
,
y

\omega _{KE,y}

induces a smooth

(
1
,
1
)

(1,1)

-form

ρ
\rho

on

X
X

under a normalization condition. In this paper, we prove that the direct image of

ρ

n
+
1

\rho ^{n+1}

is positive on the base

Y
Y

. We also discuss several byproducts including the local triviality of families of Calabi-Yau manifolds.
Blasting induced dynamic response analysis in a rock tunnel based on combined inversion of Laplace transform with elasto-plastic cellular automaton
Authors: Mei Wanquan , Li Mei , Pan Peng-Zhi , Pan Junfeng , Liu Kunlun
Published: December 2020

The dynamic disturbance from explosion, earthquakes and stress impact may induce rock mass damage around the deep-buried tunnel. Here, we show the dynamic responses triggered by blasting load disturbance. In this paper, the theoretical formulae are first derived to evaluate the time-domain dynamic responses based on the wave function expansion method and the inversion of Laplace transform and then a self-developed numerical code, that is, elasto-plastic cellular automaton (EPCA), a module of CASRock, is subsequently employed to simulate the blasting induced elasto-plastic dynamic responses. It can be found from the analytical solutions that tensile stress concentration at two sidewalls occurs, while compressive counterpart at the roof and floor appears. Moreover, the radial velocity vibrations generate concentration at the two sidewalls, while the circumferential counterparts appear at the roof and floor. The numerical simulations indicate that compression-shear and tensile failure are the major mechanism for the rock mass damage around the rock tunnel. The analytical and numerical results help to understand the velocity vibrations and the major mechanism of rock mass damage and provide theoretical basis for the support of rock tunnel.
A robust mathematical model of adaxial–abaxial patterning
Authors: Andrejek Luke , Chou Ching-Shan , Husbands Aman Y
Published: December 2020

Biological development results from intricate and dynamic interactions between members of gene regulatory networks. This is exemplified by the production of flat leaf architecture. Leaves flatten by driving growth along the boundary between their adaxial (top) and abaxial (bottom) domains. These domains are generated by interactions between a complex network of transcription factors and small RNAs. Despite its complexity, flat leaf production is robust to genetic and environmental noise. To identify factors contributing to this robustness, we mathematically modelled the determinants and interactions that pattern the adaxial–abaxial axis in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. Model parameters were estimated almost exclusively using experimental data. Our model recapitulates observations of adaxial–abaxial patterning and small RNA-target interactions. Positioning of the adaxial–abaxial boundary is stable across a wide range of small RNA source values and is highly robust to noise in the model. The successful application of our one-dimensional spatial model will enable higher-dimension modelling of the complex and mechanistically challenging process of flat leaf production.
Framework for identifying drug repurposing candidates from observational healthcare data
Authors: Ozery-Flato Michal , Goldschmidt Yaara , Shaham Oded , Ravid Sivan , Yanover Chen
Published: December 2020

Objective

Observational medical databases, such as electronic health records and insurance claims, track the healthcare trajectory of millions of individuals. These databases provide real-world longitudinal information on large cohorts of patients and their medication prescription history. We present an easy-to-customize framework that systematically analyzes such databases to identify new indications for on-market prescription drugs.

Materials and Methods

Our framework provides an interface for defining study design parameters and extracting patient cohorts, disease-related outcomes, and potential confounders in observational databases. It then applies causal inference methodology to emulate hundreds of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for prescribed drugs, while adjusting for confounding and selection biases. After correcting for multiple testing, it outputs the estimated effects and their statistical significance in each database.

Results

We demonstrate the utility of the framework in a case study of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and evaluate the effect of 259 drugs on various PD progression measures in two observational medical databases, covering more than 150 million patients. The results of these emulated trials reveal remarkable agreement between the two databases for the most promising candidates.

Discussion

Estimating drug effects from observational data is challenging due to data biases and noise. To tackle this challenge, we integrate causal inference methodology with domain knowledge and compare the estimated effects in two separate databases.

Conclusion

Our framework enables systematic search for drug repurposing candidates by emulating RCTs using observational data. The high level of agreement between separate databases strongly supports the identified effects.
Modeling physician variability to prioritize relevant medical record information
Authors: Tajgardoon Mohammadamin , Cooper Gregory F , King Andrew J , Clermont Gilles , Hochheiser Harry , Hauskrecht Milos , Sittig Dean F , Visweswaran Shyam
Published: December 2020

Objective

Patient information can be retrieved more efficiently in electronic medical record (EMR) systems by using machine learning models that predict which information a physician will seek in a clinical context. However, information-seeking behavior varies across EMR users. To explicitly account for this variability, we derived hierarchical models and compared their performance to nonhierarchical models in identifying relevant patient information in intensive care unit (ICU) cases.

Materials and methods

Critical care physicians reviewed ICU patient cases and selected data items relevant for presenting at morning rounds. Using patient EMR data as predictors, we derived hierarchical logistic regression (HLR) and standard logistic regression (LR) models to predict their relevance.

Results

In 73 pairs of HLR and LR models, the HLR models achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.80–0.82], which was statistically significantly higher than that of LR models (0.75, 95% CI [0.74–0.76]). Further, the HLR models achieved statistically significantly lower expected calibration error (0.07, 95% CI [0.06–0.08]) than LR models (0.16, 95% CI [0.14–0.17]).

Discussion

The physician reviewers demonstrated variability in selecting relevant data. Our results show that HLR models perform significantly better than LR models with respect to both discrimination and calibration. This is likely due to explicitly modeling physician-related variability.

Conclusion

Hierarchical models can yield better performance when there is physician-related variability as in the case of identifying relevant information in the EMR.
Evaluating the effect of EPBM operational parameters on surface settlement in soft ground
Authors: Dehghan Ali Naghi , Bagheri Ehsan , Khodaei Meysam , Kalehsar Rouzbeh Imani
Published: December 2020

The present study investigates the effects of some essential earth pressure balance machine (EPBM) operational parameters, including face, annulus and grout pressures, on ground surface settlement during tunnel excavation. A numerical soil-tunnel-fluid coupled model was developed using the finite difference method (FDM) in FLAC3D for the basis of this research. Hence, the effects of geostatic stress in the tunnel face and annulus and the grout pressure behind the segment on ground settlement were investigated by parametric analyses. The results indicated that a reduction in the boundary pressure (from 508 to 335 kPa) on the face and annulus space did not change the settlement significantly, altering the settlement from 1.18 to 1.48 mm. The results of parametric grout pressure analysis showed that applying a grout pressure equal to the vertical geostatic stress (i.e. 335 kPa) had a larger effect than applying horizontal geostatic stress (i.e. 357 kPa) to the tunnel face on controlling the ground settlement—i.e. 1.45 and 1.20 mm, respectively. A lateral earth pressure of below 1 (K0 < 1) led to the estimation of horizontal geostatic stress value that was lower than the vertical geostatic stress value, thereby applying a lower effect to controlling the ground settlement. Grout pressure increment relative to the vertical geostatic stress considerably reduced the ground settlement. However, an excessive rise in the grout pressure could lead to deformation and upward displacements in the form of ground heaving at a transverse distance of above 20 m from the tunnel axis.
The five axes of the Turtle: symmetry and asymmetry in NGC 6210
Authors: Henney William J , López J A , García-Díaz Ma T , Richer M G
Published: December 2020

We carry out a comprehensive kinematic and morphological study of the asymmetrical planetary nebula: NGC 6210, known as the Turtle. The nebula’s spectacularly chaotic appearance has led to proposals that it was shaped by mass transfer in a triple star system. We study the three-dimensional structure and kinematics of its shells, lobes, knots, and haloes by combining radial velocity mapping from multiple long-slit spectra with proper motion measurements from multi-epoch imaging. We find that the nebula has five distinct ejection axes. The first is the axis of the bipolar, wind-blown inner shell, while the second is the axis of the lop-sided, elliptical, fainter, but more massive intermediate shell. A further two axes are bipolar flows that form the point symmetric, high-ionization outer lobes, all with inclinations close to the plane of the sky. The final axis, which is inclined close to the line of sight, traces collimated outflows of low-ionization knots. We detect major changes in outflow directions during the planetary nebula phase, starting at or before the initial ionization of the nebula 3500 yr ago. Most notably, the majority of redshifted low-ionization knots have kinematic ages greater than 2000 yr, whereas the majority of blueshifted knots have ages younger than 2000 yr. Such a sudden and permanent 180° flip in the ejection axis at a relatively late stage in the nebular evolution is a challenge to models of planetary nebula formation and shaping.
Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) observation of the Galactic globular cluster NGC 7492
Authors: Kumar Ranjan , Pradhan Ananta C , Mohapatra Abhisek , Moharana Ayush , Ojha Devendra K , Parthasarathy M , Murthy Jayant
Published: December 2020

We present detailed photometric observations of the Galactic globular cluster NGC 7492 using the data obtained with two far-ultraviolet (FUV; 1300–1800 Å) and three near-ultraviolet (NUV; 2000–3000 Å) filters of Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) onboard the AstroSat satellite. We confirmed the cluster membership of the extracted sources using Gaia data release 2 (Gaia DR2) proper motion data. We have used colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) using UVIT and GAIA filters to separate out different evolutionary stages of the stars present in the cluster. We have identified a new extreme horizontal branch (EHB) star at the core of the cluster using UV and UV-optical CMDs. The estimated distance modulus of the cluster is 16.95 ± 0.05 obtained by fitting BaSTI isochrones with cluster parameters, [Fe/H] = −1.8 dex and age =12.0 Gyr on the V − I versus V CMD. Interestingly, only the EHB star and blue horizontal branch stars (BHBs) among the UV-bright hot sources are detected in FUV filters of UVIT. We have derived the effective temperature of BHBs using colour–temperature relation and spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of multiband filters, which are in the range from 8000 to 10 500 K. We find a variation of He abundance of BHBs by fitting the BaSTI ZAHB (zero-age horizontal branch). The range in the He abundance of the BHBs corresponding to the best-fitting isochrones is from 0.247 to 0.350. We have estimated various physical parameters of the newly identified EHB star in the cluster using SED fit and post-HB evolutionary tracks. We have studied the radial distribution of all the sources of the cluster detected in UVIT. The sources detected in FUV filters extend beyond the half-light radius (1.15 arcmin) of the cluster, whereas the sources detected in NUV filters extend beyond the tidal radius (9.2 arcmin) of the cluster.
Automatic identification of outliers in Hubble Space Telescope galaxy images
Authors: Shamir Lior
Published: December 2020

Rare extragalactic objects can carry substantial information about the past, present, and future universe. Given the size of astronomical data bases in the information era, it can be assumed that very many outlier galaxies are included in existing and future astronomical data bases. However, manual search for these objects is impractical due to the required labour, and therefore the ability to detect such objects largely depends on computer algorithms. This paper describes an unsupervised machine learning algorithm for automatic detection of outlier galaxy images, and its application to several Hubble Space Telescope fields. The algorithm does not require training, and therefore is not dependent on the preparation of clean training sets. The application of the algorithm to a large collection of galaxies detected a variety of outlier galaxy images. The algorithm is not perfect in the sense that not all objects detected by the algorithm are indeed considered outliers, but it reduces the data set by two orders of magnitude to allow practical manual identification. The catalogue contains 147 objects that would be very difficult to identify without using automation.
ExoMol line lists – XLI. High-temperature molecular line lists for the alkali metal hydroxides KOH and NaOH
Authors: Owens A , Tennyson J , Yurchenko S N
Published: December 2020

Potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are expected to occur in the atmospheres of hot rocky super-Earth exoplanets but a lack of spectroscopic data is hampering their potential detection. Using robust first-principles methodologies, comprehensive molecular line lists for KOH and NaOH that are applicable for temperatures up to T = 3500 K are presented. The KOH OYT4 line list covers the 0–6000 cm−1 (wavelengths λ > 1.67 µm) range and comprises 38 billion transitions between 7.3 million energy levels with rotational excitation up to J = 255. The NaOH OYT5 line list covers the 0–9000 cm−1 (wavelengths λ > 1.11 µm) range and contains almost 50 billion lines involving 7.9 million molecular states with rotational excitation up to J = 206. The OYT4 and OYT5 line lists are available from the ExoMol database at www.exomol.com and should greatly aid the study of hot rocky exoplanets.
Decentralizing Money: Bitcoin Prices and Blockchain Security
Authors: Pagnotta Emiliano S
Published: December 2020

We address the determination of bitcoin prices and decentralized security. Users forecast the transactional and resale values of holdings, pricing the risk of systemic attacks. Miners contribute resources to protect against attackers and compete for block rewards. Bitcoin’s design leads to multiple equilibria: the same blockchain technology is consistent with sharply different price and security levels. Bitcoin’s monetary policy can lead to welfare losses and deviations from quantity theory. Price-security feedback amplifies fundamental shocks’ volatility impact and leads to boom and busts unconnected to fundamentals. We characterize how viability versus fiat currency depends on bitcoin’s relative acceptability and inflation protection.
Secondary Traumatic Stress in Nursing
Authors: Kellogg Marni B.
Published: December 2020

Nurses on the front lines of health care are impacted psychologically by their work and may experience secondary traumatic stress. The literature contains several different terms to explore concepts that describe the impact of traumatic patient experiences on the nurse, making it difficult to differentiate the concepts. Using the Walker and Avant method of analysis, the author reviewed nursing-specific publications within the last 10 years and seminal works to develop a purer meaning of secondary traumatic stress and distinguish it from other related terms. A more precise definition of secondary traumatic stress will allow for the advancement of research related to awareness and prevention in nursing.
A Critical Analysis of the American Nurses Association Position Statement on Workplace Violence
Authors: Copeland Darcy
Published: December 2020

In 2015, the American Nurses Association issued a position statement on workplace violence. An authoritative, disciplinary position is critically important to inform policies and recommendations addressing this significant issue in nursing. Position statements and policies should reflect disciplinary values. A discourse analysis of this position statement was performed through the lens of nursing ethics. The position statement endorses a zero-tolerance response, which is moralist, punitive, and questionably effective. It problematically presents patient and coworker violence as equivalent. Promotion of this position has the potential to erode public trust and lead us down a path of criminalizing illness behaviors.
Exploring Nurses' Perceptions of Safety
Authors: Jeong Gyeonghui , Kang Seung Wan
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study is to explore the lived experiences of nurses with regard to their personal safety and to identify the fundamental structures underlying nurse safety. A qualitative descriptive phenomenological design, using the data analysis method proposed by Colaizzi, was used. Eleven nurses participated in the study between March and July 2019. The research findings indicated the fundamental structure of nurse safety encompasses 3 categories: “nurses' personal protection systems,” “safety support systems,” and “risk factors.” The fundamental structure identified in this study can contribute to better understanding and insight regarding the safety of nurses.
FEATURES AND OUTCOMES OF EYES THAT UNDERWENT SURGICAL REPAIR OF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENTS AFTER BEING TREATED FOR ACUTE ENDOPHTHALMITIS
Authors: Dong Libing K. , Shields Ryan A. , Subramanian Sam , Lee Ramon , Wa Christianne A. , Ruby Alan J. , Hassan Tarek S.
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate the etiology, clinical course, and outcomes of eyes that suffered postendophthalmitis rhegmatogenous retinal detachments.

Methods:

A retrospective, consecutive case series was conducted of patients managed at Associated Retinal Consultants P.C. from January 2013 to December 2019. Patients were identified as having had endophthalmitis by ICD-9/10 codes. Those with endophthalmitis and/or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment not managed at Associated Retinal Consultants from January were excluded.

Results:

Charts of 413 patients were reviewed and 19 met inclusion criteria. Incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment following infectious endophthalmitis was 4.6%. The most common inciting events for endophthalmitis was intravitreal injection (9 of 19) and cataract surgery (7 of 19). Fifteen of 19 patients were treated with an injection of intravitreal antibiotics and 4 underwent immediate vitrectomy with antibiotic injection. Biopsy cultures were obtained in 18 of 19 patients and yielded positive growth in 12 (66.7%). Seventeen of the 19 eyes were operable. Final retinal reattachment rate was 88.2% (15 of 17). Mean final logMAR visual acuity was 1.58 (Snellen 20/765). Factors associated with worse final visual acuity after surgical repair included preceding intravitreal injection (P = 0.001), streptococcus species (P = 0.024), presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (P = 0.015), and use of silicone oil during primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair (P = 0.010).

Conclusion:

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments following endophthalmitis occur infrequently. Although most eyes can be repaired surgically, visual outcomes are often poor, particularly in eyes that were infected with streptococcal species and had associated proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
Contemporary Practice as a Board-Certified Pediatric Clinical Specialist: A Practice Analysis
Authors: Kenyon Lisa K. , Dole Robin L. , Gibbs Kiley C. , Lundeen Heather , Barnhart Robert C. , Farroni Laurie , Moore James G. , Garcia Maria , Wild Dana
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

The purpose of the 2019 practice analysis was to identify the elements of contemporary practice as a board-certified pediatric clinical specialist.

Methods:

Consistent with the processes of the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties (ABPTS), a subject matter expert panel used consensus-based processes to develop a survey to gather information concerning the knowledge areas, professional roles and responsibilities, practice expectations, and practice demographics of board-certified pediatric clinical specialists. The web-based survey was divided into 3 parts and administered to 3 separate groups of board-certified pediatric clinical specialists.

Results:

Survey responses from 323 clinical specialists provided data to support confirmation and revision of the Description of Specialty Practice (DSP) for pediatrics.

Conclusions:

The revised DSP will provide contemporary practice information to inform the ABPTS specialist examination blueprint and the curricula of credentialed residency programs in pediatric physical therapy.
Intraobserver Reliability and Construct Validity of the Squat Test in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Eken Maaike M. , Dallmeijer Annet J. , Buizer Annemieke I. , Hogervorst Saskia , van Hutten Kim , Piening Marjolein , van der Krogt Marjolein , Houdijk Han
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

This study evaluated intraobserver reliability and construct validity of the squat test to assess lower extremity strength in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and spastic diplegia.

Methods:

Children with CP performed 2 trials of the squat test and calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient to evaluate intraobserver reliability. Correlations between outcomes of hand-held dynamometry (HHD) of knee extensor strength and an 8-repetition maximum (8RM) leg press test and the squat test were calculated to evaluate construct validity.

Results:

Excellent intraobserver reliability was observed for the squat test. Correlations between squat test performance and HHD knee extension and 8RM leg press test demonstrated good construct validity.

Conclusions:

The squat test is a reliable and valid tool to assess lower extremity strength in children with CP and spastic diplegia. The squat test is inexpensive and less time-consuming, and therefore particularly suitable for clinicians.
Sedentary Behavior in Children With Cerebral Palsy Between 1.5 and 12 Years: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Reedman Sarah E. , Johnson Emily , Sakzewski Leanne , Gomersall Sjaan , Trost Stewart G. , Boyd Roslyn N.
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

To determine longitudinal change in sedentary behavior in children with cerebral palsy (CP) from 1.5 to 12 years.

Methods:

Ninety-one children, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to III, who participated in a large longitudinal cohort study were participants. Longitudinal change was analyzed in objectively measured sedentary behavior and associations with sex, body mass index Z score, and socioeconomic status. Moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) was estimated at 8 to 12 years.

Results:

Average sedentary minutes/day peaked at 4 years in children at GMFCS I and 5 years in children at GMFCS II to III, then plateaued. Male sex was associated with increased sedentary behavior. At 8 to 12 years, children at GMFCS I, II, and III accumulated on average 54, 47, and 14 minutes/day, respectively, of MVPA.

Conclusions:

When measured to 12 years, sedentary behavior peaks by 5 years for children with CP who are walking with differences in trajectory according to GMFCS.