bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Personal air-conditioning system using evapolar as heat waste management
Authors: Ngatiman Nor Azazi , Mohd Shariff Abdul Qaiyum , Sutikno Tole , Wardiyono Suparje , Manap Mustafa , Jopri Mohd Hatta
Published: December 2021

Air-conditioning system that uses compressor-based initiate more energy and affects bill rate. As a result, an application of the Peltier impact module, a portable air-conditioning system is introduced to compensate user convenience by lowering sensible and latent heat inside the office area. Thermoelectric Peltier module is a thermoelectric semiconductor that offers cooling and hot plate once the plate is supplied by electric. The result reduces the cost, power consumption, and give thermal comfort in a dedicated space. The advantage of the study is the ability to cost deduction due to low power consumption and green technology devices factor because without refrigerant that harms the environment. Redesign the product with Evapolar as heat waste management affect the performance and need to be validated. The development stage of this product is better compared to a previous product which offers small scale, light, and portable. This product focuses on the office room, which gives a good feeling to users. This product uses air to remove the heat waste and the result indicates Evapolar is fit enough in dissipating heat. Finally, the performance of this system developed demonstrated that it can attain thermal comfort level.
Pneumonia detection based on transfer learning and a combination of VGG19 and a CNN Built from scratch
Authors: Dahmane Oussama , Khelifi Mustapha , Beladgham Mohammed , Kadri Ibrahim
Published: December 2021

In this paper, to categorize and detect pneumonia from a collection of chest X-ray picture samples, we propose a deep learning technique based on object detection, convolutional neural networks, and transfer learning. The proposed model is a combination of the pre-trained model (VGG19) and our designed architecture. The Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center in Guangzhou, China provided the chest X-ray dataset used in this study. There are 5,000 samples in the data set, with 1,583 healthy samples and 4,273 pneumonia samples. Preprocessing techniques such as contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and brightness preserving bi-histogram equalization was also used (BBHE) to improve accuracy. Due to the imbalance of the data set, we adopted some training techniques to improve the learning process of the samples. This network achieved over 99% accuracy due to the proposed architecture that is based on a combination of two models. The pre-trained VGG19 as feature extractor and our designed convolutional neural network (CNN).
A review of various image fusion types and transforms
Authors: Salau Ayodeji Olalekan , Jain Shruti , Eneh Joy Nnenna
Published: December 2021

Utilizing multiple views of an image is an important approach in digital photography, video editing, and medical image fusion applications. Image fusion (ImF) methods are used to improve an image's quality and remove noise from the image signal, resulting in a higher signal-to-noise ratio. A complete assessment of the literature on the different transform kinds, techniques, and rules utilized in ImF is presented in this paper. To assess the outcomes, a white flower image was fused using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) techniques. For validation of results, the red, green, blue (RGB) and intensity hue saturation (IHS) values of individual and fused images were evaluated. The results obtained from the fused images with the spatial IHS transform method give a remarkable performance. Furthermore, the results of the performance evaluation using DWT and DCT fusion techniques show that the same peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of 114.04 was achieved for both PSNR 1 and PSNR 2 for DCT, and different results were obtained for DWT. For signal to noise ratio (SNR), SNR 1 and SNR 2 achieved slightly similar values of 114.00 and 114.01 for DCT, while a SNR of 113.28 and 112.26 was achieved for SNR 1 and SNR 2 respectively.
SPDT discrete switch design using switchable SIW resonators for millimeter wave MIMO transceiver
Authors: Zolkefli Amirul Aizat , Ahmad Badrul Hisham , Shairi Noor Azwan , Othman Adib , Zakaria Zahriladha , Ibrahim Imran Mohd , Majid Huda A.
Published: December 2021

A single pole double throw (SPDT) discrete switch design using switchable substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) resonators is proposed in this paper. It was designed for the millimeter wave multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transceiver. An example application is for 5G communication in 26 GHz band. High isolation between transmitter and receiver (in the transceiver) is needed in SPDT switch design to minimize any high radio frequency (RF) power leakage in the receiver. Therefore, the use of switchable SIW resonators can achieve higher isolation if compared to the conventional series SPDT switch, where the isolation of the proposed SPDT is depend on the bandstop response of the SIW resonators. The switchable SIW resonators can be switched between allpass and bandstop responses to allow the operation between transmit and receive modes. As a result, the simulation and measurement showed that the proposed SPDT switch produced an isolation higher than 25 dB from 24.25 to 27.5 GHz compared to the conventional design.
A proposal of ethical competence model for cyber security organization
Authors: Ariffin Nor Hapiza Mohd , Maskat Ruhaila
Published: December 2021

A proactive cyber security plan to safeguard confidential information and privacy still lacks initiatives to avoid frequent harmful attacks. Cybersecurity professionals must possess ethical competence and prove worthy of overseeing valuable information for efficient decision‐making since ethical competence is fundamental for daily practice. There is a need to define what it means to be ethically competent in the era of IR4.0. The previous competence models still lack consideration of both artificial intelligence (AI) and emotional intelligence (EI) skills. AI brings new opportunities to cyber security organizations that focus on AI skills related to cognitive Intelligence or intelligent quotient (IQ). EI, which refers to emotional quotient (EQ), is a good predictor of ethical competence as it can perceive and express emotions precisely to facilitate thought to understand and manage emotions. However, practically, most cyber security organizations focused on AI skills and disregarded EI skills' roles. This research proposes a cyber artemotional model that blends AI skills and EI skills for cyber security employees. This research would benefit cyber security organizations with cyber artemotional model as employees ethical competence assessment, and it is in line with the demand of IR4.0.
PSO-ANN in preventing traffic collisions: a comparative study
Authors: Ashikuzzaman Md. , Akram Wasim , Anik Md. Mydul Islam , Hasan Mahamudul , Sawkat Ali Md. , Jabid Taskeed
Published: December 2021

Traffic accident is a global threat which causes health and economic casualties all around the world. Due to the expansion of transportation systems, congestion can lead to spike road accident. Every year thousands of people have died due to traffic accidents. Various technologies have been adopted by modern cities to minimize traffic accidents. Therefore, to ensure people’s safety, the concept of the smart city has been introduced. In a smart city, factors like road, light, and weather conditions are important to consider to predict traffic mishap. Several machine learning models have been implemented in the existing literature to determine and predict traffic collision. But the accuracy is not enough and there exist a lot of challenges in determining the accident. In this paper, an approach of particle swarm optimization with artificial neural network (PSO-ANN) has been proposed to determine traffic collision using the dataset of the transport department of United Kingdom. The performance of PSO-ANN outperforms the existing machine learning model. PSO-ANN model can be adopted in the transportation system to counter traffic accident issues. Random Forest, Naıve Bayes, Nearest Centroid, K-Nearest Neighbor classification have been used to compare with the proposed PSO-ANN model.
Amazigh part-of-speech tagging with machine learning and deep learning
Authors: Maarouf Otman , El Ayachi Rachid , Biniz Mohamed
Published: December 2021

Natural language processing (NLP) is a part of artificial intelligence that dissects, comprehends, and changes common dialects with computers in composed and spoken settings. At that point in scripts. Grammatical features part-of-speech (POS) allow marking the word as per its statement. We find in the literature that POS is used in a few dialects, in particular: French and English. This paper investigates the attention-based long short-term memory (LSTM) networks and simple recurrent neural network (RNN) in Tifinagh POS tagging when it is compared to conditional random fields (CRF) and decision tree. The attractiveness of LSTM networks is their strength in modeling long-distance dependencies. The experiment results show that LSTM networks perform better than RNN, CRF and decision tree that has a near performance.
Four propellers submarine drone modelling in a real environment
Authors: Moustanir Mohamed , Benkirane Karim , Sayouti Adil , Medromi Hicham
Published: December 2021

In order to reduce the hydrodynamic dampers and mechanical elements as rudders, we have in our previous publications proposed our architectural solution of an ROV with only four thrusters without rudders or diving bars. In the results we have justified the choice of the arrangement of the thrusters. Also, we have started the kinematic and dynamic studies of the marine robot and we have especially demonstrated by using the mathematical model under MATLAB in the last publication, that this ROV can move in a perfect environment without gravity or hydrodynamic dampers. In this article, we will study the behavior of this marine vehicle in a real environment with gravity and hydrodynamic dampers and we will view if this architectural solution can really allow the ROV to move and execute the given directional instructions.
An investigation of flux characteristic in direct torque control using sector rotation strategy
Authors: Tarusan Siti Azura A. , Jidin Auzani , Jamil Mohd Luqman M. , Karim Kasrul Abdul
Published: December 2021

Stator flux fails to regulate at low operating speed condition is a common drawback for the conventional DTC. It is due to the inevitable of voltage drop across the stator resistance that interrupts the controlling of stator flux in DTC. Hence, a fixed sector rotation strategy is one of the solutions to rectify the raised issue. The strategy is based on the decreasing stator flux droop, which is an easy technique to change the sector of flux locus at a specific angle. However, this strategy only focuses at low operating speed. Thus, the stator flux droop effect at the various speed needs to be analysed.  In this paper, an investigation is conducted by using simulation (MATLAB/Simulink) and experimental setup (dSPACE board) where a good agreement has been achieved between the predicted and measured results. The analysis taking into account between the conventional method (without strategy) and the proposed method (with strategy). In conclusion, the influence of stator flux droop is inversely proportional to the operating speed.
Artificial intelligent techniques based on direct torque control of induction machines
Authors: Magdy Mona , Abu-Zaid Salama , A. Elwany Mahmoud
Published: December 2021

The direct torque control (DTC) system, which is based on induction machine drive is a developed and simple control method. It allows high dynamic performance with very simple hysteresis control scheme; However, its disadvantages are high current, torque, and flux ripple. In this paper, DTC of induction machine drive has been improved by using the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) approaches to reduce the current, torque, and flux ripples and also get better performance of the machines. At the conclusion of this study, the outcomes of traditional DTC and artificial intelligent methods are compared. By the program MATLAB/SIMULINK, the modeling and simulation results of the DTC system for induction machine (IM) have been proposed.
A field-oriented control (FOC) method using the virtual currents for the induction motor drive
Authors: Tran Cuong Dinh , Nguyen Tien Xuan , Nguyen Phuong Duy
Published: December 2021

An improving field-oriented control technique without current sensors is proposed to control rotor speed for an induction motor drive. The estimated stator currents based on the slip frequency are used instead of feedback current signals in the FOC loop. The reference signals and the estimated currents through computation steps are used to generate the control voltage for the switching inverter. Simulations were performed in Matlab/Simulink environment at rated speed and low-speed range to demonstrate the method's feasibility. Through simulation results, the FOC method using virtual sensors has proved its effectiveness in ensuring the stable operation of the IMD over a wide speed range.
Least mean sixth control approach for three-phase three-wire grid-integrated PV system
Authors: Khan Touheed , Asim Mohammed , Manzar Mohammad Saood , Ibrahim Md , Ahmed Shaikh Sadaf Afzal
Published: December 2021

This work proposes an adaptive filter based on a new least mean sixth control approach with incremental conductance method of MPP for 3-phase grid-incorporated photovoltaic (PV) system. The proposed system comprises a PV array, 3-phase DC to AC converter, maximum power point tracker (MPPT), three-phase electronic load, and a 3-phase grid. The combination of solar PV array and the voltage source converter (VSC) supplies power to the grid. The 3-phase inverter as a distribution static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) improves the quality of the system performance in case of zero solar irradiation. D-STATCOM also reduces total harmonic distortion (THD) in grid currents, improves power factor, and maintainsa constant voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC). The system modelling and simulation is achieved on MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed system performance has been found satisfactory and conform to IEEE-519 standards.
An interleaved DC charging solar system for electric vehicle
Authors: Faudzi Ahmad Aiman Mohd , Toha Siti Fauziah , Hanifah Rabiatuladawiah Abu , Hasbullah Nurul Fadzlin , Azam Kamisan Nor
Published: December 2021

This paper investigates the performance of conventional boost converter,
 2-phase interleaved boost converter and 3-phase interleaved boost converter for renewable energy applications especially for solar-powered energy. The advantages of using coupled inductors in interleaved boost converters include increased system efficiency, reduced core size, and also reduced overall current and voltage ripples which increases the lifetime of renewable energy resources. In this paper, the uses of boost converters have been focused explicitly on the interleaved DC-DC charging from a solar-powered battery into electric vehicle (EV) battery storage. Hence, this paper aims to investigate a suitable charging process mechanism from a photovoltaic (PV) battery storage system into EV powered battery system. Using the application of a boost converter with reduced ripple current and ripple voltage decreases switching losses and increases conversion efficiency. The simulation is carried out by using Simulink/MATLAB to evaluate the performance of each boost converter. The results successfully demonstrate the ability of the proposed charging system with an energy efficiency of 90%.
Performance improvement of the variable speed wind turbine driving a DFIG using nonlinear control strategies
Authors: Hamid Chojaa , Derouich A. , Hallabi T. , Zamzoum O. , Taoussi M. , Rhaili S. , Boulkhrachef O.
Published: December 2021

In this research paper, a nonlinear Backstepping controller has been proposed in order to improve the dynamic performance of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based Wind Energy conversion System, connected to the grid through a back-to-back converter. Firstly, an overall modeling of proposed system has been presented. Thereafter, three control techniques namely backstepping (BSC), sliding mode (SMC) and field-oriented control (FOC) using a conventional PI regulator have been designed in order to control the stator active and reactive powers of the DFIG. In addition, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategy has been investigated in this work with three mechanical speed controllers: BSC, SMC and PI controller with the aim of making a synthesis and a comparison between their performances to determine which of those three techniques is more efficient to extract the maximum power. Finally, a thorough comparison between the adopted techniques for the DFIG control has been established in terms of response time, rise time, total harmonic distortion THD (%) of the stator current, static errors and robustness. The effectiveness and robustness of each control approach has been implemented and tested under MATLAB/Simulink environment by using a 1.5 MW wind system model.
Realtime autonomous navigation in V-Rep based static and dynamic environment using EKF-SLAM
Authors: Hani Umme , Moin Lubna
Published: December 2021

Localization in an autonomous mobile robot allows it to operate autonomously in an unknown and unpredictable environment with the ability to determine its position and heading. Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) are introduced to solve the problem where no prior information about the environment is available either static or dynamic to achieve standard map-based localization. The primary focus of this research is autonomous mobile robot navigation using the extended Kalman filter (EKF)-SLAM environment modeling technique which provides higher accuracy and reliability in mobile robot localization and mapping results. In this paper, EKF-SLAM performance is verified by simulations performed in a static and dynamic environment designed in V-REP i.e., 3D Robot simulation environment. In this work SLAM problem of two-wheeled differential drive robot i.e., Pioneer 3-DX in indoor static and dynamic environment integrated with Laser range finder i.e., Hokuyo URG-04LX- UG01, LIDAR, and Ultrasonic sensors is solved. EKF-SLAM scripts are developed using MATLAB that is linked to V-REP via remote API feature to evaluate EKF-SLAM performance. The reached results confirm the EKF- SLAM is a reliable approach for real-time autonomous navigation for mobile robots in comparison to other techniques.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin Using Sequencing Reveals Cellular and Molecular Dynamics of Aortic Aging in Mice
Authors: Xie Wenhui , Ke Yilang , You Qinyi , Li Jing , Chen Lu , Li Dang , Fang Jun , Chen Xiaofeng , Zhou Yuanyuan , Chen Liangwan , Hong Huashan
Published: December 2021

Objective:

The impact of vascular aging on cardiovascular diseases has been extensively studied; however, little is known regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying age-related vascular aging in aortic cellular subpopulations.

Approach and Results:

Transcriptomes and transposase-accessible chromatin profiles from the aortas of 4-, 26-, and 86-week-old C57/BL6J mice were analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing. By integrating the heterogeneous transcriptome and chromatin accessibility data, we identified cell-specific TF (transcription factor) regulatory networks and open chromatin states. We also determined that aortic aging affects cell interactions, inflammation, cell type composition, dysregulation of transcriptional control, and chromatin accessibility. Endothelial cells 1 have higher gene set activity related to cellular senescence and aging than do endothelial cells 2. Moreover, construction of senescence trajectories shows that endothelial cell 1 and fibroblast senescence is associated with distinct TF open chromatin states and an mRNA expression model.

Conclusions:

Our data provide a system-wide model for transcriptional and epigenetic regulation during aortic aging at single-cell resolution.
Utilization of Generic Cardiovascular Drugs in Medicare’s Part D Program
Authors: Ma Iris , Tisdale Rebecca L. , Vail Daniel , Heidenreich Paul A. , Sandhu Alexander T.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Generic medications cost less than brand-name medications and are similarly effective, but brand-name medications are still prescribed. We evaluated patterns in generic cardiovascular medication fills and estimated the potential cost savings with increased substitution of generic for brand-name medications.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study of cardiovascular therapies using the Medicare Part D database of prescription medications in 2017. We evaluated drug fill patterns for therapies with available brand-name and generic options. We determined the generic substitution ratio and estimated the potential savings with increased generic substitution at the national, state, and clinician level. We compared states with laws related to mandatory pharmacist generic substitution and patient consent for substitution.

Results:

Of ≈$22.9 billion spent on cardiovascular drugs in Medicare Part D prescription programs in 2017, ≈$11.0 billion was spent on medications with both brand-name and generic options. Although only 2.4% of medication fills were for the brand-name choice, they made up 21.2% of total spending. Accounting for estimated brand-name rebates, generic substitution for these medications would save $641 million, including $135 million in costs shouldered by patients. Furthermore, the minority of clinicians with the lowest generic utilization was responsible for a large proportion of the potential cost savings.

Conclusions:

There are substantial potential cost savings from substituting brand-name medications with generic medications. These savings would be primarily driven by lower use of brand-name therapies by the minority of clinicians who prescribe them at increased rates.
Transcriptomic Response in the Heart and Kidney to Different Types of Antihypertensive Drug Administration
Authors: Takeuchi Fumihiko , Liang Yi-Qiang , Isono Masato , Ang Mia Yang , Mori Kotaro , Kato Norihiro
Published: December 2021

Certain classes of antihypertensive drug may exert specific, blood pressure (BP)-independent protective effects on end-organ damages such as left ventricular hypertrophy, although the overall evidence has not been definitive in clinical trials. To unravel antihypertensive drug-induced gene expression changes that are potentially related to the amelioration of end-organ damages, we performed in vivo phenotypic evaluation and transcriptomic analysis on the heart and the kidney, with administration of antihypertensive drugs to two inbred strains (ie, hypertensive and normotensive) of rats. We chose 6 antihypertensive classes: enalapril (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor), candesartan (angiotensin receptor blocker), hydrochlorothiazide (diuretics), amlodipine (calcium-channel blocker), carvedilol (vasodilating β-blocker), and hydralazine. In the tested rat strains, 4 of 6 drugs, including 2 renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, were effective for BP lowering, whereas the remaining 2 drugs were not. Besides BP lowering, there appeared to be some interdrug heterogeneity in phenotypic changes, such as suppressed body weight gain and body weight-adjusted heart weight reduction. For the transcriptomic response, a considerable number of genes showed prominent mRNA expression changes either in a BP-dependent or BP-independent manner with substantial diversity between the target organs. Noticeable changes of mRNA expression were induced particularly by renin-angiotensin system blockade, for example, for genes in the natriuretic peptide system (
Nppb
and
Corin
) in the heart and for those in the renin-angiotensin system/kallikrein-kinin system (
Ren
and rat
Klk1
paralogs) and those related to calcium ion binding (
Calb1
and
Slc8a1
) in the kidney. The research resources constructed here will help corroborate occasionally inconclusive evidence in clinical settings.
Aesthetics of Turntable Art
Authors: Eadie Jimmy
Published: December 2021

This article explores the transitional and liminal nature of the author’s work and examines the diverse theoretical foundations that inform his creative practice. The particular work discussed here, Wow&Flutter, explores the intermedial relationships between “quotation,” “remediation” and “plunderphonics” within turntable art using acetate vinyl. This work was presented in the Irish Museum of Modern Art (IMMA) and the National Concert Hall, Ireland (NCH), between 2014 and 2018.
MKQA: A Linguistically Diverse Benchmark for Multilingual Open Domain Question Answering
Authors: Longpre Shayne , Lu Yi , Daiber Joachim
Published: December 2021

Progress in cross-lingual modeling depends on challenging, realistic, and diverse evaluation sets. We introduce Multilingual Knowledge Questions and Answers (MKQA), an open- domain question answering evaluation set comprising 10k question-answer pairs aligned across 26 typologically diverse languages (260k question-answer pairs in total). Answers are based on heavily curated, language- independent data representation, making results comparable across languages and independent of language-specific passages. With 26 languages, this dataset supplies the widest range of languages to-date for evaluating question answering. We benchmark a variety of state- of-the-art methods and baselines for generative and extractive question answering, trained on Natural Questions, in zero shot and translation settings. Results indicate this dataset is challenging even in English, but especially in low-resource languages.1
Reading for Resonance
Authors: Calderbank Annie
Published: December 2021

This article offers a hermeneutic approach attentive to the tangled idiomatic and literary interconnections among biblical texts and other Second Temple literature. It focuses on the expressions of divine presence in the Temple Scroll and their prepositions; the divine presence is ‘upon’ the temple and ‘in the midst’ of the people. This prepositional rhetoric engages recurrences and interconnections within and beyond the Hebrew Bible. It thus evokes multiple interlocking resonances and offers a window onto concepts of temple presence across biblical texts and traditions.
“Instrumentalize” the Assistance: The Changing Legitimacy of ingo s in Democratizing Tunisia
Authors: Marzo Pietro , Cornwall Kerry-Ann
Published: December 2021

This study provides two theoretical insights that contribute to the debate on the legitimacy of ingo s that promote democracy to intervene in the third countries’ political affairs. First, it argues that the level of legitimacy that political parties endow to ingo s depends on the “instrumental role” that ingo s play in bolstering the achievements of national partners’ goals and is not based on the values and norms that the ingo s promote. Second, it suggests that the degree of legitimacy that political parties grant to ingo s has to be understood as temporarily limited and context dependent. Using the case of ingo s involved in democracy promotion during the Tunisian democratization, this article argues that Tunisian political elites welcomed ingo s assistance during the initial phase of the democracy transition (2011–2014) because their assistance was helpful to enhance the establishment of democracy system and its procedures. The article suggests that since 2015, political parties are showing less enthusiasm about ingo s’ pressure and interference in national affairs because the action of ingo s is no longer useful to their political agenda.
Pham et al. (2021) Notes on the genus Chamaeanthus (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae, Vandeae, Aeridinae) with a new species from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 524 (2): 131–134.
Authors: PHAM PHUOC DIEN , KUMAR PANKAJ , DANG VAN SON , NGUYEN DINH HIEP , BUI VAN HUONG , TU BAO NGAN , DANG MINH QUAN , TRUONG BA VUONG
Published: December 2021

N/A
The Namib Turbulence Experiment: Investigating Surface–Atmosphere Heat Transfer in Three Dimensions
Authors: Hilland Rainer V. J. , Bernhofer Christian , Bohmann May , Christen Andreas , Katurji Marwan , Maggs-Kölling Gillian , Krauß Matthias , Larsen Jarl A. , Marais Eugene , Pitacco Andrea , Schumacher Benjamin , Spirig Robert , Vendrame Nadia , Vogt Roland
Published: December 2021

The Namib Turbulence Experiment (NamTEX) was a multinational micrometeorological campaign conducted in the central Namib Desert to investigate three-dimensional surface layer turbulence and the spatiotemporal patterns of heat transfer between the subsurface, surface, and atmosphere. The Namib provides an ideal location for fundamental research that revisits some key assumptions in micrometeorology that are implicitly included in the parameterizations describing energy exchange in weather forecasting and climate models: homogenous flat surfaces, no vegetation, little moisture, and cloud-free skies create a strong and consistent diurnal forcing, resulting in a wide range of atmospheric stabilities. A novel combination of instruments was used to simultaneously measure variables and processes relevant to heat transfer: a 3-km fiber-optic distributed temperature sensor (DTS) was suspended in a pseudo-three-dimensional array within a 300 m × 300 m domain to provide vertical cross sections of air temperature fluctuations. Aerial and ground-based thermal imagers recorded high-resolution surface temperature fluctuations within the domain and revealed the spatial thermal imprint of atmospheric structures responsible for heat exchange. High-resolution soil temperature and moisture profiles together with heat flux plates provided information on near-surface soil dynamics. Turbulent heat exchange was measured with a vertical array of five eddy-covariance point measurements on a 21-m mast, as well as by collocated small- and large-aperture scintillometers. This contribution first details the scientific goals and experimental setup of the NamTEX campaign. Then, using a typical day, we demonstrate (i) the coupling of surface layer, surface, and soil temperatures using high-frequency temperature measurements, (ii) differences in spatial and temporal standard deviations of the horizontal temperature field using spatially distributed measurements, and (iii) horizontal anisotropy of the turbulent temperature field.
Bronchoscopy Decreases Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Trauma Patients
Authors: Nannapaneni Siddhartha , Silvis Jennifer , Curfman Karleigh , Chung Timothy , Simunich Thomas , Morrissey Shawna , Dumire Russell
Published: December 2021

Health care-associated pneumonias (HAPs) are a significant comorbidity seen in hospitalized patients. Traumatic injury is a known independent risk factor for the development of HAP. Trauma-related injuries also contribute to an increase in the rate of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. In 2011, the ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) rate among ICU patients at our institution (CMMC) increased dramatically. As a result, our infection control specialists performed a focused review of these patients and found a likely association between these infections and patients requiring pre-hospital intubation. Their determination prompted a July 2012 revision of the CMMC Trauma/Surgery Admission ICU protocol for ventilated patients to include bronchoscopy for all patients who have been intubated pre-hospital providing no contraindications were present. Our aim was to ascertain any influence of the protocol change on the rate of VAP. We conducted a retrospective medical record review of trauma patients who were intubated in the field or ED and seen at our institution (an accredited Level 1 trauma center) from 2012 to 2018. Applying the current definition of VAP from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to data collected from the CMMC trauma registry, we observed a 13% lower VAP rate in the bronchoscopy group ( YB) as compared to the group that did not receive bronchoscopy (NB) ( P < .025). Based on our results, we determined that bronchoscopy performed in this setting does support a statistically significant decrease in the rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Re-Opening Dallas: A Short-Term Evaluation of COVID-19 Regulations and Crime
Authors: Riddell Jordan R. , Piquero Alex R. , Kaukinen Catherine , Bishopp Stephen A. , Piquero Nicole Leeper , Narvey Chelsey S. , Iesue Laura
Published: December 2021

We investigated the relationship between COVID-19 stay-at-home regulations and property and violent crime indexes in Dallas, TX during the first 6 months of 2020. We tested for changes in property and violent crime trends using four key “intervention” dates: the stay-at-home order issued by Judge Clay Jenkins (March 24), the start of Governor Abbott’s phase one of re-opening (May 1), a second phase of more widespread re-openings (May 18), and a third phase of increased capacity limits for businesses (June 3). Our analyses point to two main findings: (1) the time between the initial stay-at-home policy and the phase one re-opening was associated with an increase in the trend of both violent and property crime (although at lower levels than pre-pandemic); and (2) the third phase of re-opening the City of Dallas was associated with higher daily counts of property and violent crime. Our findings suggest that policy makers need to consider policies not only related to police enforcement but also allocation of other social services, particularly when such a sudden policy (e.g., stay-at-home order) is implemented.
The Pursuit of Happiness: A Calculation of the Hidden Costs of Being Black in the 21st Century
Authors: Rubalcaba Joaquin Alfredo Angel , Smith Candis Watts
Published: December 2021

There is no shortage of evidence documenting glaring disparities on important socioeconomic and health indicators between White and Black Americans. Persistent racial disparities are the consequence of a historic system of structural racism. Given ongoing inequities in nearly every realm of American life, we aim to calculate the contemporary cost of racial inequity. We contribute to a growing body of literature concerning the “hidden cost” of being Black by employing a novel methodological approach and centering a paradigm of intersectionality ( Crenshaw, 1991 ; Shapiro, 2004 ). Specifically, we account for the disparities in health and income between Blacks and Whites by using the compensating and equivalent surplus frameworks to calculate willingness to accept (WTA) and willingness to pay (WTP) estimates. We estimate the WTP to avoid the disparity in health, income, and wellbeing between Black and White Americans, to be between approximately $38,000 and $45,000 per year per person using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System as well as the General Social Survey, respectively. These estimates can be interpreted as the annual willingness to pay by an average White person to avoid the disparities in income and health experienced by the average Black person.
Everyday Politics of Economic Life in Small Town North India: A Social History of Kannauj through the Lens of the Ittar (Perfume) Business
Authors: Prakash Aseem
Published: December 2021

This article attempts to understand the recent social history of Kannauj, a small town in North India famous for manufacturing ittar and associated products. Social history is captured by understanding the interconnectedness of society, economy and politics. The article argues that various social networks—meshed, cluster-based and transactional—facilitate business in ittar and associated products and also shape everyday politics of economic life interconnecting economy, society and politics.
Challenges for Healthcare Workers Caring for COVID-19 Patients in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Setiawan Herley Windo , Pratiwi Ika Nur , Nimah Lailatun , Pawanis Zulfayandi , Bakhtiar Arief , Fauziningtyas Rista , Ramoo Vimala
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 pandemic raises various challenges faced by health workers in hospitals. This study explored strategies for overcoming challenges in caring for COVID-19 patients at hospitals in Indonesia based on healthcare workers’ experience. In-depth interviews were employed with 28 healthcare workers (physicians and nurses) who were purposively sampled. Data were collected via phone and analysed using the Colaizzi method. Five following challenges were found: difficulties in working with personal protective equipment (PPE), offline training for handling Covid and using PPE not being implemented evenly for all health workers, physical and psychological fatigue, difficulties in carrying out health education and assessment towards patients and families, and limited resources to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, some barriers require support from the government, public and hospital managers. The information gained from research on the strategies for caring for COVID-19 patients can contribute to better preparedness for hospitals and health workers facing the COVID-19 pandemic.
Resistance, Rage, Paralysis, and Paralysis by Proxy: Reflecting on Reactions to Contentious Content in the Classroom
Authors: Merrill Monica
Published: December 2021

Sociology curricula often house a variety of “hot button” or contentious topics (e.g., race relations, crime and deviance, personal freedoms/choice, gender). While departments may be giving more attention to ensuring that these topics are included in their curriculum, here I argue that we also need to engage students in reflection about their gut reaction to these divisive topics. How students take in the material will affect their ability to successfully meet the learning outcomes throughout their program. This research was guided by past work categorizing student reactions into three categories: resistance, paralysis, and rage. Preliminary results are presented, and a fourth reaction, paralysis by proxy, is also proposed. Last is a discussion of how we as educators can integrate research on student reactions into course design/implementation, thus setting students up for success.
Language, Discrimination and Employability: Employers’ Othering and Racist Representations of Domestic Migrant Workers on Social Media
Authors: Ladegaard Hans J.
Published: December 2021

Discursive othering deals with the many ways in which language is used to express prejudice against minorities, and it outlines the processes and conditions that promote group-based inequality and marginalization. This article focuses on online othering, and it analyzes a corpus of 615 comments posted by Hong Kong employers of domestic migrant workers (DMWs) on social media. First, a quantitative analysis of the corpus outlines the content categories found in the posts, and second, a discourse analysis of representative excerpts illustrates the claims made about DMWs. Employers engage in othering of their helpers, and the analysis shows how demeaning racist comments function to publicly shame them and warn others not to employ them. The article uses Language and Social Psychology frameworks to analyze the posts, and it discusses the functions of using racist derogatory language. The paper concludes by discussing how research may be used to address pressing social issues.
The differential effects of integral pride and gratitude on divergent moral judgment for the self versus others
Authors: Septianto Felix , Tjiptono Fandy , Arli Denni , Sun Jian-Min (James)
Published: December 2021

Individuals tend to have divergent moral judgment when judging oneself versus others, which is termed moral hypocrisy. While prior research has examined different factors that might influence moral hypocrisy, there are limited insights on the influences of different, discrete emotions. The present research seeks to address this gap and examines the differential influences of pride and gratitude on moral hypocrisy. Results of a pilot study and three main studies demonstrate that pride (but not gratitude) leads to moral hypocrisy. These effects are replicated across different cases of questionable behaviors and prosocial behaviors in a team setting. More importantly, this research identifies one mechanism that potentially explains this effect—the appraisal of self-other similarity. The findings of this research thus provide empirical evidence that distinct emotions arising from an organizational setting can differentially influence moral hypocrisy and offer practical implications.

JEL Classification: C91, D23, D91
Finite Element Analysis and Long-Term Monitoring of a Highway Overpass Bridge with Newly Constructed Link Slabs and Modified Bearings
Authors: Zhu Yifan , Hou Kuangyuan , Fu Chung C. , Li Naiyi , Sabellano Ruel E.
Published: December 2021

Joint failure, which causes leakage in bridge decks as well as deterioration in girders and substructures, is one of the most common concerns in highway bridges. Therefore, link slabs have been considered as a preventive maintenance method in eliminating these joints. This paper presents a pilot project that constructed the link slab system in Maryland, U.S., with modified bearings to improve its durability and reduce maintenance costs. Compared with the traditional bearing replacement design for the link slab systems, this project proposes a more economical method by removing the anchor bolts and restricting sliding plates of the fixed bearings at both abutments to match the designed boundary conditions while avoiding the high cost of jacking girders and replacing bearings. Furthermore, numerical analysis and structural health monitoring were conducted and validated to investigate the effectiveness of the link slab design with various high performance concrete materials. After the one-year monitoring period, the link slab system is verified to be in fully functional condition and the bearing modification design is verified to be effective.
Associative Democracy: From ‘the real third way’ back to utopianism or towards a colourful socialism for the 21st century?
Authors: Bader Veit
Published: December 2021

Associative Democracy (AD) has been developed as a specific response to statist socialism and neoliberal capitalism, drawing on older traditions such as associationalism, democratic socialism, and cooperative socialism. As the ‘real third way’, it is distinct from neoliberal privatization and deregulation in the Blair–Schröder varieties of social democracy and in the conservative Reagan–Thatcher–Cameron varieties. This article summarizes what seemed to make AD an attractive realist utopia: its combination of economic, societal and political democracy; its focus on democratic institutional pluralism in all these regards; its considered moral/political minimalism; and its practical experimentalism. It recapitalizes some of the important economic, societal and political changes during the last decennia that seem to make AD plainly utopian again. It focuses on an outline of basic principles and institutions of socio-economic alternatives to capitalism because, if neoliberalism rules supreme, no viable alternatives can emerge and grow. Even if there is not one institutional design that fits all countries and contexts, we can show what the basic tenets of such alternatives are and how such a colourful democratic socialism relates to and can integrate other approaches such as ‘circular economy’, ‘foundational economy’ and ‘radical social innovation’. The hope is that AD’s broad institutional pluralism and its emphasis on practical experimentalism show new ways of thinking which are urgently needed for sustainable and socially fair economic development and for renewing representative democracy.
Voting Intersections: Race, Class, and Participation in Presidential Elections in the United States 2008–2016
Authors: Laurison Daniel , Brown Hana , Rastogi Ankit
Published: December 2021

Intersectional analyses are increasingly common in sociology; however, analyses of voting tend to focus on only race, class, or gender, using the others as control variables. We assess whether and how race, class, and gender intersect to produce distinct patterns of voter engagement in presidential elections 2008–2016. Per existing research, we find income strongly predicts White voting. However, the class gap in voting is not statistically significant among Black voters. In contrast to common characterizations of Black people as politically disengaged, lower income Black citizens are more likely to vote than their White counterparts. Moreover, the lowest earning Black women vote at dramatically higher rates than any other race-gender combination in this income group. These findings call into question the perceived universality of the income gap in voting and widespread claims that more resources directly facilitate voting. They also have implications for our understanding of political participation, social inequality, and democratic citizenship.
A second-hand shipwreck market: Salvage auctions in mid-eighteenth-century Helsinki
Authors: Huhtamies Mikko
Published: December 2021

When a merchant ship was wrecked in the Gulf of Finland in the eighteenth century it was salvaged (mainly its running rigging), together with its cargo. In eighteenth-century Sweden, salvage was the monopoly of the Northern Diving and Salvage Company (1729–1802). In Helsinki, several salvage auctions were held each year. Salvage documents are useful sources not only for investigating the demand for ship parts, but also for identifying ships and explaining past marine accidents. The detailed technical knowledge provided by auction protocols offers insight into ships and their equipment in the early modern Baltic. Many ships were on their way to St Petersburg (established in 1703), the home port of European naval stores, but many of them were wrecked on the rocky coasts of Helsinki. This gave rise to a strange kind of shipping based on random imports and the use of recycled cordage, sails and anchors from the shores blessed by unfortunate ships.
Sixth Nerve Palsy in Children Etiology, Long-Term Course, and a Diagnostic Algorithm
Authors: Hanna Firas Abu , Jabaly-Habib Haneen , Halachmi-Eyal Orly , Hujierat Muhammad , Sakran Waheeb , Spiegel Ronen
Published: December 2021

Background

Acute onset strabismus is worrisome for parents and physicians. This condition is sometimes attributed to sixth cranial nerve palsy, which may be secondary to various etiologies. Debate still exists about the appropriate diagnostic approach.

Objective

The objective of this study was to describe the common etiologies of sixth nerve palsy in our pediatric population and to suggest a clear, implementable diagnostic algorithm.

Methods

The authors conducted an electronic medical review of files of patients admitted to the pediatric department at Emek Medical Center between January 2014 and April 2020. They reviewed the medical records from the study period of patients with the following diagnoses according to the International Classification of Diseases 9: sixth nerve palsy, acute infective polyneuritis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, benign intracranial hypertension, malignant neoplasm of the brain, strabismus, myasthenia gravis, and multiple sclerosis. The authors extracted information regarding clinical presentation, previous history, and diagnostic work-up, including serological testing, cerebrospinal fluid testing, and neuroimaging. Final diagnosis and clinical follow-up were assessed.

Results

Seventeen patients with sixth nerve palsy were identified. The most common etiologies were increased intracranial hypertension and anti-GQ1B syndrome (3 patients each).

Conclusions

This is a retrospective study of patients diagnosed in one medical center. The suggested algorithm was not validated on a prospective study. The etiologies of sixth nerve palsy in children are variable. The authors suggest performing neuroimaging in all patients and considering serum and cerebrospinal fluid testing in selected patients. Initial neuroimaging combined with laboratory testing is useful and provides rational tools for proper diagnosis.