bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Career Guidance During the Pandemic: Building Pathways into a ‘New Normal’
Authors: Šapale Sandra , Iliško Dzintra , Badjanova Jeļena
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced regular patters of career guidance. Globally everything has stopped: projects were postponed, and workplaces were closed but this situation has pushed career counselors to search for new opportunities about how career guidance could be carried out. The pandemic has intensified existing challenges in society, adding complexity for the processes of a transition of educational systems towards digitalization and have intensified the need for remote career guidance. Young people become particularly vulnerable to the digital divide. Career development support has been at risk with the emergence of an unpredictable future. However, career guidance during the pandemic can serve as a tool for understanding the situation in depth and searching for new opportunities that exist, by helping individuals to overcome anxiety. While practicing physical distancing, career counselors have kept active professional networks in assisting their clients with their needs. The operation of career guidance has been transferred mainly to the online format and has required the counselors to develop new skills and competencies. The methodology employed in this study included interviews with individual career counselors about the main challenges and solutions discovered during the lockdown. Career counselors were questioned also about how they shaped a more sustainable and flexible online career guidance system. They revealed details about their struggles and hopes encountered in the situation of crises. The authors point to critical areas for improvement that career counselor can provide to their clients during the lockdown.
Relationship Between Passing and Ball Control in Soccer: Analysis of Variations of Kinematic Measures
Authors: Hasan Uday , Clemente Filipe Manuel
Published: May 2021

Introduction. A soccer player with good ball control is the one who is able to perform complex coordinated situational motor actions in a certain space and in as short time period as possible. The analysis included variations in the angle of the knee joint of the leg receiving a ball (AKLR), angle of the knee joint of the supporting leg (AKLS), angle between thighs (ABT), trunk bending angle (TBA), hip joint point height (HPH), and ball distance after controlling the ball (BDAC) between effective and ineffective passing in soccer.

Material and Methods. A total of 12 university soccer players (age: 20.8 ± .83 years old, experience: 4.7 ±.78 years) voluntarily participated in the study. The players made five attempts to control the ball with the inside foot. The best attempt was analysed for each case (effective and ineffective).

Results. The degrees of AKLR, AKLS, ABT, TBA and HPH were significantly greater in effective passing than those in ineffective passing; the observed effect sizes were 4.87, 2.53, 1.77, 3.98, and 3.40, respectively. BDAC was meaningfully greater at ineffective passing (effect size: 2.03).

Conclusions. There were significant differences in the values of kinematic variables used to test ball control by effective and ineffective passes (p < 0.05). The research sample, in terms of the values of kinematic variables, achieved noticeable progress during the performance of ball control for effective passing, which showed its effectiveness in reducing the distance after controlling the ball.
Reliability of a Reactive Agility Test for Youth Volleyball Players
Authors: Lima Ricardo , Rico-González Markel , Pereira Joel , Caleiro Francisco , Clemente Filipe
Published: May 2021

Introduction. This was a cross-sectional study aiming to test the reliability of a new reactive agility test designed for youth volleyball players to improve both reaction time and hand-eye coordination.

Material and methods. Twenty-four youth volleyball athletes (15 girls and 9 boys) were recruited to participate in this study (age: 11.58 ± 2.20 years old). This study used a FitLight Trainer (FITLIGHT Sport Corp., Ontario, Canada), a wireless system using interconnected light-powered sensors, to measure reaction time and hand-eye coordination. The subjects performed the hand-eye coordination test twice, exactly one week apart, for 30 seconds, with three trials performed for each test. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to test the variation of the six trials performed during the two sessions.

Results. The analysis comparing the sessions revealed significantly longer reaction time in session 1 than in session 2 (mean difference: 47.85 [95% CI: 10.86 to 84.84]; p < 0.012; ES = 0.128). Across the different trials, the greatest single ICC measure (ICC = 0.645) and average ICC measure (ICC = 0.784) were achieved in trial 3. Across the sessions, the greatest single ICC measure (ICC = 0.951) and average ICC measure (ICC = 0.863) were achieved in session 2.

Conclusions. FitLight Trainer is a valid and reliable tool for developing reaction times of youth volleyball athletes.
Five-year follow-up and clinical outcome in euthyroid patients with thyroid nodules
Authors: Bajuk Studen Katica , Gaberscek Simona , Pirnat Edvard , Zaletel Katja
Published: May 2021

Background

Thyroid nodule diagnosis has become increasingly frequent. Defining optimum surveillance intervals for patients with unsuspicious thyroid nodules remains a challenge. This was a single centre cohort study in which patients diagnosed with unsuspicious thyroid nodules in whom no treatment was indicated were invited for re-evaluation 5 years after the diagnosis. The primary end point of the study was to estimate the change in nodule size with thyroid ultrasound (US) and the secondary end point was to assess the need for clinical management 5 years after the diagnosis.

Patients and methods

Baseline patient parameters and ultrasound characteristics of the nodules were retrospectively collected. At follow-up, thyroid ultrasound was performed.

Results

A hundred and eighteen (107 women / 11 men, aged 56.8 ± 13.4 years) patients were included in the study having 203 nodules at baseline, with mean largest nodule diameter 10.5 ± 7.4 mm. After 5 years, 58 (28.6%) nodules significantly increased in size, 27 (13.3%) decreased, and for 104 (51.2%) of nodules, no change in size was noted. Fourteen (6.9%) nodules disappeared. Additional 26 new nodules (mean largest diameter 7.7 ± 5.0 mm) in 16 patients were identified at follow-up. Regarding the clinical outcome, no new thyroid cancers were found. For 107 (90.7%) patients no further management was indicated. Five (4.2%) patients were referred to thyroidectomy because of the growth of the nodules. Two (1.7%) patients were treated for hyperthyroidism. Four (3.4%) patients did not complete the study.

Conclusions

We report a single centre experience of the natural history of unsuspicious thyroid nodules. Our results showed that 71.4% of such nodules remained stable in size, decreased or even disappeared and that the vast majority of the patients remained clinically stable with no need for treatment 5 years after the diagnosis.
Forward-Looking Model Dedicated to the Study of Electric Vehicle Range Considering Drive Cycles
Authors: Atamnia Khaled , Lebaroud Abdesselam , Adikari Saikat
Published: May 2021

This paper deals with the forward-looking model of an electric vehicle (EV). Various simulation tests have been conducted to investigate the effects of the environmental conditions and powertrain design on the EV driving range. The simulation results show the importance of the forward modeling approach in selecting the EV components such as the battery capacity, the power and torque limits of the electric motor, and the impact of this selection on the EV performance during different driving cycles. The simulation results manifest that the forward model is useful when scaling the battery pack to determine the maximum capacity and selecting the suitable motor power and its size. The characteristics of the General Motor EV1 model have been selected in this study to verify the proposed approach.
THE DEFINING FEATURES OF SOFT POWER STRATEGY IN GERMAN FOREIGN POLICY
Authors: Rustamova L. R.
Published: May 2021

The defeat in the Second World War made Germany very carefully select the foreign policy concepts, which is still actual for the country. Until now, any political idea, even an indirect indication to the desire to establish German hegemony, could cause the deterioration of relations with partners in the EU and other neighboring countries. In these circumstances, Germany has chosen as the most appropriate foreign policy strategy for the promotion of the national interests the use of so-called "soft power" - the ability to encourage others to do what you want with the help of appeal, rather than through the manipulation of material needs. Germany has a large number of resources to implement the policy of "soft power." The German non-governmental organizations, political foundations are making a great contribution to make foreign policy attractive and spread political values. Organizations involved in exchange programs, scientific cooperation contribute to the expansion of German language and culture. A distinctive feature of German "soft power" organizations is that, despite the financing from the state, they retain the civilian nature of their activities, which is a necessary condition for the successful application of the concept. Another feature of German "soft power" is that its resources are directed not only at foreign audiences, but also German citizens. The key tasks of German soft power concept are to build a positive image of the country, to change its international legal status and to play the leading role in the EU.
MOSCOW KINDOM AND THE EUROPEAN INNOVATION OF THE TIME OF TROUBLES
Authors: Chernikova T. V.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the examination of the issue of Russian borrowing of military and technical as well as cultural experience of the West at the beginning of the Time of Troubles during the reign of Feodor I Ivanovich (1584-1598), Boris Godunov (1598-1605) and Dmitry the Pretender (1605-1606). One of the channels of the Russian contact with the west-European "powder revolution" and culture was foreigners on Moscow service. A lot of them were the military; doctors of the Tsar had a huge power; some merchants (for example, Jerome Horsey) carried out special orders of the Russian government. The article gives the description of western foreigners' position both, at the beginning of the Time of Troubles, when the Moscow government was interested in western innovation, and after 1606, when the situation changed. The author tries to find out in which areas and what kind of foreign experts were used in Russia; what were the reasons for the use of the Western European experts; what were the results of this phenomenon. While analyzing the "Notes" of foreigners, who were on the Russian service at the beginning of the Time of Troubles, the author examines the achievements of the "common revolution" at the beginning of XVII century.
SYSTEM OF POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF THE WORLD: ‘PERFECT STORM’
Authors: Lebedeva M. M.
Published: May 2021

The paper proposes to examine the modern political organization of the world as a global system consisting of three levels: Westphalian systems, system of international (interstate) relations, and political systems of states.It shows that all three levels are currently subject to a deep transformation that produces the effect of a 'perfect storm'. The Middle East due to a number of reasons is the most 'weak link', i.e. the link where these processes are manifested with the greatest force. Such situation, when all three levels are in a deep changing, is unique. The world has not previously faced with it. The article discusses possible scenarios for the further development of the system of political organization of the world.
ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF OIL AND GAS COMPANIES FUNCTIONING
Authors: Sheveleva A. V.
Published: May 2021

This article analyzes the basic ecological-economic indicators of oil and gas companies, in particular the various volumes of oil, the number of spills per year of CO2 emissions, the costs of environmental protection. In the process of exploration, development and exploitation of oil and gas fields, production, refining, transportation and storage companies have a negative impact on the environment. Occur accidents involving oil spills, emissions and discharges of pollutants into the environment. As a result contaminates water resources, soil and atmosphere, animals dying, birds and fish, but also transformed the structure of the subsurface and changes the landscape, reduced strategic reserves of fuel and energy resources are formed objects of accumulated environmental damage. The need for construction of environmental protection facilities; the protection, rational use and rehabilitation of lands; protection of water resources and atmospheric air; monitoring the environment and industrial facilities; the prevention and elimination of consequences of accidents on pipelines; disposal and recycling of waste; environmental education; conducting scientific research requires oil and gas companies to undertake large expenditures. A positive trend of modern development of oil and gas companies is the introduction of mechanisms for environmental management in practice their activities, which leads to a gradual reduction of the negative impact of their activities on the environment.
LEADING INDIAN BUSINESS-GROUPS
Authors: Vorobyeva M. A.
Published: May 2021

The goal of this paper is to investigate the evolution of the leading Indian business-groups under the conditions of economical liberalization. It is shown that the role of modern business-groups in the Indian economy is determined by their high rate in the gross domestic product (GDP), huge overall actives, substantial pert in the e[port of goods and services, as well as by their activities in modern branch structure formatting, and developing labor-intensive and high-tech branches. They strongly influence upon economical national strategies, they became a locomotive of internationalization and of transnationalization of India, the basis of the external economy factor system, the promoters of Indian "economical miracle" on the world scene, and the dynamical segment of economical and social development of modern India. The tendencies of the development of the leading Indian business groups are: gradual concentration of production in few clue sectors, "horizontal" structure, incorporation of the enterprises into joint-stock structure, attraction of hired top-managers and transnationaliziation. But against this background the leading Indian business-groups keep main traditional peculiarities: they mostly still belong to the families of their founders, even today they observe caste or communal relations which are the basis of their non-formal backbone tides, they still remain highly diversificated structures with weak interrelations. Specific national ambivalence and combination of traditions and innovations of the leading Indian business-groups provide their high vitality and stability in the controversial, multiform, overloaded with caste and confessional remains Indian reality. We conclude that in contrast to the dominant opinion transformation of these groups into multisectoral corporations of the western type is far from completion, and in the nearest perspective they will still possess all their peculiarities and incident social and economical "colouring".
HISTORY OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM FORMATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Zagrebelnaya N. S. , Shitov V. N.
Published: May 2021

The article analyses specific historic features of formation of agrarian and industrial sectors of Republic of South Africa since the establishment of Cape Colony. These features resulted from much earlier colonization of South Africa in comparison with other Sub-Saharan African countries on the one hand and from a large-scale influx of Europeans to the South Africa on the other hand. The two most important of these specific features are the following. First. Contrary to other countries of Sub-Saharan Africa development of the agrarian sector of Republic of South Africa was based on private property and western technologies from the start. Second. The sector is not divided into «African» and «European» sub-sectors, and South-African agricultural produce has always been oriented to both: external and internal markets. Development of industrial sector of Republic of South Africa started with creation of extractive industries, namely: extraction of diamonds and of gold. The authors specifically emphasize the role of gold extraction which grace to its effect of multiplicator opened the way for industrial revolution in the South of Africa. Development of manufacturing was mainly based on import-substitution. The article argues that there were several stages of import-substitution and analyses their outcomes. The authors point out to the special importance of import-substitution during the period of I World War and II World War.
LONG-TERM FORECASTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONS BETWEEN LOCAL HUMAN CIVILIZATIONS: CONCLUSIONS AND PROPOSALS
Authors: Podberezkin A. I.
Published: May 2021

The article is the form of scientific report on the results of three year long project on methodology of long term forecasting the development of the system of international relations. The methodology is based on the following assumptions: input information is accurate and complete; international relations constitute a system, scenarios for different levels of international relations development are hierarchically interdependent; the speed of development is different on various levels of international relations; various national capabilities affect the development; elites affect international relations; civil society affect international relations. Based on this assumption the author builds the most probable scenario of intercivilizational relations which is military coercive interaction. The role of soft power will increase its share in the toolkit of the confrontational politics. To win in this confrontation it is necessary to review the current practices of strategic forecasting and planning and to rebuild the entire military organization of the Russian army. The principal condition for the victory is development of national human capital, as well as the formation of the national ideology.
Pengaruh Locus Of Control Terhadap Tindakan Kecurangan Dalam Pengadaan Barang Dan Jasa Di Bawah Tekanan Ketaatan
Authors: Herianti Eva
Published: May 2021

This study to examine and analyze the effect of locus of control on fraudulent procurement of goods/services in conditions of obedience pressure. The experimental method used by researchers with participants is the Accounting Student, University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta. The type of data analysis used Two-Way Anova and One-Way Anova. The findings show that locus of control affects the occurrence of fraudulent procurement of goods/services in conditions of obedience pressure, in conditions of obedience pressure, external locus of control affects the occurrence of fraudulent procurement of goods/services compared to internal locus of control, and external locus of control affects the occurrence of fraudulent procurement of goods/services in a condition where there is obediece pressure compared to the absence of obedience pressure.
Farklı Gübre Uygulamalarının Buğday Bitkisinin SPAD Değerleri, Yeşil Aksam Kuru Madde Verimi ve Azot Konsantrasyonu Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Gülüt Kemal Yalçın
Published: May 2021

Son yıllarda gerek tarımsal ilaçların gerekse kimyasal gübrelerin bilinçsizce kullanımı bitkisel üretimde artışın yanında kalitesiz ve insan sağlığını tehdit edecek ürünlerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Söz konusu sorunlara karşı sürdürebilir tarım ve değişik tarım alternatifleri konusunda çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu görülmektedir. Bitkilerin farklı tarım uygulamaları altında en yaygın sorununun azot (N) kullanım şekli olduğu görülmektedir. Bitkinin N kullanım etkinliğinde, uygulanan gübrenin N dozu ve formunun önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu amaçla, sera koşullarında artan dozlarda (0 (kontrol), 100, 200, 400 ve 800 mg N kg-1) ve farklı formlarda (mineral, organik) N uygulamalarının buğday bitkisinin büyüme, yeşil aksamda klorofilin bir ifadesi olan SPAD değeri, yeşil aksam kuru madde verimi ve yeşil aksam N konsantrasyonu üzerine etkisi belirlenmiştir. Denemeden elde edilen bulgulara göre, N noksanlığından kaynaklı verim kayıplarının olduğu buna karşılık N uygulamasının söz konusu verim kayıplarının önüne geçtiği saptanmıştır. Azot uygulamasından kaynaklı verim artış oranları üzerine uygulanan N formunun da önemli olabildiği belirlenmiştir. Özellikle mineral gübre uygulamasında verim artış oranlarının %58 ile %87 arasında değiştiği buna karşılık organik kaynaklı gübre uygulamalarının verim değerlerinde kısmen düşüşe neden olduğu görülmüştür. Farklı formlardaki N uygulamaları, bitkinin yeşil aksam kuru madde veriminin aksine yeşil aksam N konsantrasyonunu arttırmıştır. Bu artışlarda, N uygulama dozunun önemli olduğu buna karşılık uygulanan gübre formunun önemli bir farklılık yaratmadığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde en etkin N uygulama dozunun 200 mg kg-1 olduğu, bunun dışında N formları içinde bitkinin büyümesinde ve N kullanım etkinliğinde en etkin formun organik kaynaklı gübre olduğu görülmüştür.
Êxodo, desnatureza e outras paisagens éticas na poesia de Marília Floôr Kosby
Authors: Alkimin Martha
Published: May 2021

A proposta deste artigo se baseia no livro de Marília Floôr Kosby intitulado Mugido – ou diário de uma doula (2017), cuja paisagem se localiza nas estâncias do extremo sul do Brasil. Ao confrontarem a máquina performativa do patriarcalismo colonial e suas tecnologias de produção de violências, especialmente contra as mulheres e os animais, a poesia de Kosby dá forma a um pensamento-paisagem e a uma poética da relação, para falarmos com Michel Collot (2013), vocalizada de um não lugar ou da não existência histórica e poética atribuída às mulheres. Rejeitando a condição de um não sujeito e de mera nota de rodapé dos discursos universais, a poética que se vê em Mugido opera uma desarticulação da linguagem, a partir da qual se estabelecem relações inéditas de solidariedade entre a poesia e a experiência vivida, ou entre o que há de comum no silêncio das mulheres e no dos animais.
Benzodiazepine Derivatives from Marine-Derived Streptomyces cacaoi 14CM034
Authors: Çetinel Aksoy Semiha , Küçüksolak Melis , Uze Ataç , Bedir Erdal
Published: May 2021

7-methoxy-8-hydroxy cycloanthranilylproline (2), a new natural product with pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) framework, was isolated from marine-derived actinobacterium Streptomyces cacaoi 14CM034, together with cycloanthranilylproline (1). Structural elucidation of the compounds was based on FTIR, 1D- (1H and 13C NMR), 2D-NMR (COSY, HMBC and NOESY) and HR-MS analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited notable antimicrobial activity. The presence of PBD derivatives in S. cacaoi was first demonstrated with this study.
Biological and Chemical Comparison of Natural and Cultivated Samples of Satureja macrantha C.A.Mey.
Authors: Akdeniz Mehmet , Yener Ismail , Ertaş Abdulselam , Firat Mehmet , Resitoglu Baris , Hasimi Nesrin , Irtegun Kandemir Sevgi , Yılmaz Mustafa Abdullah , Barla Demirkoz Aslı , Kolak Ufuk , Öksüz Sevil
Published: May 2021

In this study, investigation on the essential oils and ethanol extracts of naturally grown and cultivated Satureja macrantha samples were reported. The essential oil, flavour and terpenoid-steroid-flavonoid contents of S. macrantha samples were determined by GC-MS and their phenolic contents by LC-MS/MS. Besides, the biological activities of the samples were investigated for their antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antityrosinase, antiurease, antielastase and anticollagenase properties. The phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the cultivated sample were higher than those of the naturally grown sample. According to the GC-MS results, terpinene-4-ol (30.9%) and p-cymene (56.7%) were determined as the major components in the essential oils of the naturally grown and cultivated S. macrantha, respectively. The flavour analysis results showed that cis-sabinene hydrate (20.7%) and carvacrol (42.2%) were found to be the major components in the naturally grown and cultivated samples, respectively. While the naturally grown sample was rich in abietane diterpenoids (ferruginol (17.5 mg analyte/g extract) and sugiol (4.2 mg analyte/g extract)), these components were not detected in the cultivated sample. The rosmarinic acid content (0.20 and 24.87 mg analyte/g extract, respectively) of the cultivated sample was found to be significantly higher than that of the natural sample. The biological activities of the samples were determined to be changed in parallel with their chemical contents that are due to factors such as climatic conditions, and soil structure.
Adaptations to palliative home care in India in a COVID pandemic: An experiential narrative
Authors: Dhiliwal Sunil Rameshchandra , Gulia Ashish , Salins Naveen
Published: May 2021

India is in the midst of a fierce pandemic with a rapid surge of cases and the health-care system in a quandary. Care of patients with life-limiting illness needing palliative care has been compromised due to limitations in palliative care access and a paradigm shift in the hospital toward care of COVID. Therefore, it is imperative to augment the home-based services so that patients continue to remain at home with their care needs met so that their access to hospitals is restricted for acute and complex needs. To overcome practical aspects of home-based care service delivery, several adaptations were needed. An urban standalone home-based palliative care service provider made adaptations to personal protection, personal protection equipment, and team self-care that facilitated an effective service delivery and satisfaction.
Comparative evaluation of broth microdilution with E-test, Vitek 2, and disk diffusion for susceptibility testing of colistin on Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Gupta Parul , Sharma Rajni , Vyas Aruna , Tak Amit
Published: May 2021

Objectives:

With the increasing threat of multidrug-resistant organisms, colistin has become popular in clinical practice. A better understanding of antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for colistin is needed for optimal patient management. The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of E-test, Vitek 2 system for the detection of colistin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against broth microdilution (BMD).

Material and Methods:

A total of 100 isolates of Gram-negative bacilli were subjected to susceptibility testing for colistin using the following methods: BMD, E-test, Vitek 2, and disk diffusion. Using BMD as the gold standard, comparative analysis between different methods was carried out.

Results:

Comparison of MIC values of E-test (GM = 0.488 mg/ml) against BMD (GM = 0.611 mg/ml using unpaired t-test (t = 2.015, P = 0.045) showed that geometric means of MIC values of E-strip were significantly lower than BMD. Similarly, comparison of MIC values of Vitek 2 system (GM = 0.615 mg/ml) against BMD (GM = 0.611 mg/ml) using unpaired t-test (t = −0.050, P = 0.960) showed no statistical significant differences in geometric means of MIC values. Taking reference as BMD method – the EA for E-strip is 57%, CA is 97%, VME is 2%, and no ME. Similarly, for the Vitek method EA is 64%, CA is 98%, VME is 1%, and ME is 1%.

Conclusion:

Different susceptibility testing methods for colistin show great variation in their results and BMD is the best candidate as gold standard. The Vitek 2 method showed good concordance with BMD.
Pengolahan Limbah Cair Pabrik Gula Menggunakan Adsorben dari Kotoran Sapi dan Ampas Tebu
Authors: Sahendra Surahman Latif , Hamsyah Ridha Aulia , Sa'diyah Khalimatus
Published: May 2021

Limbah cair seringkali dibuang ke sungai tanpa pengolahan yang memadai sehingga bahan-bahan organik yang terkandung di dalamnya cukup tinggi yang dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan. Adsorpsi merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengurangi kandungan bahan-bahan organik pada limbah cair. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio massa dan waktu kontak adsorben campuran dari kotoran sapi dan ampas tebu terhadap parameter pengolahan limbah cair pabrik gula. Analisis yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah nilai COD, BOD, TSS, dan pH. Variasi rasio massa adsorben terhadap volume air limbah yaitu 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, sedangkan variasi waktu kontak adsorben terhadap sampel air limbah adalah 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam, dan 4 jam. Penurunan nilai COD dan TSS terbaik pada rasio adsorben 3% dan waktu kontak 3 jam. Nilai BOD mengalami kenaikan pada semua variabel tetapi tidak melebihi baku mutu limbah cair. Hasil penelitian terbaik diperoleh nilai COD 12 mg/L, TSS 26,67 mg/L, pH 6 dan BOD 28,72 mg/L. 
Dmitri Braginsky. Shostakovich and Football: Escape to Freedom
Authors: Уолш С.
Published: May 2021

В рецензии рассматривается перевод на английский язык монографии Д. Ю. Брагинского «Шостакович и футбол: территория свободы», вышедшей в 2018 году в Москве под названием «Shostakovich and Football: Escape to Freedom». Автор рецензии делает вывод, что уникальность книги определяется сочетанием глубины замысла с необычностью и занимательностью изложения, при которой архивная точность всех фактов представлена увлекательно и динамично. Особо отмечается ценность подобранного иллюстративного материала.

The review deals with the English translation of the Dmitri Braginsky monograph, published in 2018 in Moscow and entitled “Shostakovich and Football: Escape to Freedom”. The author of the review concludes that the uniqueness of the book main idea is determined by a combination of a design depth with a singularity and fascination of presentation, in which an archive precision of all the facts had put up pretty entertaining and dynamic. The high value of the selected illustrative material is noted.

Keywords: Shostakovich, football, “The Golden Age” ballet, Ensemble of Song and Dance of the NKVD, the year 1936.
Рукопись «Антара» Н. А. Римского-Корсакова из библиотеки В. И. Сафонова
Authors: Михеева М.В.
Published: May 2021

Представленный очерк содержит краткую характеристику рукописной партитуры симфонической сюиты Антар Н. А. РимскогоКорсакова, хранящейся в Российской национальной библиотеке. Копия, выполненная В. И. Сафоновым, являлась частью нотной библиотеки дирижера.

This essay represents the manuscript of Nikolay RimskyKorsakovs symphonic suite Antar which is now housed at the National Library of Russia. The copy made by conductor Vasily Safonov was earlier kept in his personal music library.
Rein Laul. 17 Studies on Beethoven Music
Authors: Романова Е.В.
Published: May 2021

Рецензия посвящена впервые опубликованным на русском языке этюдам о музыке Бетховена Рейна Лаула одного из ярчайших представителей современной петербургской аналитической школы. Рассматриваемое исследование предстает как уникальный в своем роде труд, отмеченный не только виртуозной техникой анализа и изощренным аналитическим инструментарием, но органичным взаимопроникновением академическинаучного и эмоциональнонепосредственного начал.

The review is dedicated to the first Russian publication of the sketches on Beethoven music by Rein Laul, one of the most prominent representatives of the modern Petersburg analytical school. The study in question appears as a unique work, representing not only the virtuoso technique of analysis and sophisticated analytical tools, but also the organic interpenetration of the academic and emotionally direct character.
To the Issue of the Genre Evolution: Passacaglia in the Works of Russian Composers of the Second Half of the 20th Century
Authors: Абдуллина Г.В.
Published: May 2021

В статье рассматриваются инструментальные сочинения отечественных композиторов второй половины XХ начала XXI века, написанные в жанрах пассакалии и чаконы. Эволюция музыкального языка отражается на их образноэмоциональном содержании, музыкальном материале и формообразовании, что проявляется в новом типе тематизма, способах его развития и в соединении классических структур с элементами современного композиторского мышления. Традиционные жанры, в которых форма в большой степени становится зависимой от драматургии и техник письма, претерпевают существенные изменения.

The article considers the instrumental works by Russian composers of the second half of the 20th beginning of the 21st century, written in the genres of passacaglia and chaconne. The evolution of the musical language at the end of the 20th century has been reflected in their emotional contents, musical material and shaping, which is manifested in a new type of its themes, the ways of its development and the combination of classic structures with new elements of modern composer thinking. Traditional genres, in which form becomes heavily dependent on dramaturgy and writing techniques undergo significant changes.
Bayan in the Works of Contemporary St. Petersburg Composers
Authors: Григорьева И.Л.
Published: May 2021

Статья посвящена обзору баянного творчества современных петербургских композиторов А. Радвиловича, М. Крутика, С. Левковской, И. Остромогильского, Е. Петрова, Г. Банщикова, В. Раннева, Б. Филановского, С. Хисматова. Автор рассматривает тематику и художественные образы баянных композиций. С позиций приближения к свойствам инструментального театра исследуется метод взаимодействия инструментов в ансамблевых сочинениях с баяном. Описываются исполнительские приемы, используемые современными композиторами в пьесах для баяна.

The article is devoted to the overview of bayan works by contemporary St. Petersburg composers: Alexander Radvilovich, Mikhail Krutik, Sofiia Levkovskaya, Ilya Ostromogilsky, Evgeny Petrov, Gennadiy Banshchikov, Vladimir Rannev, Boris Filanovsky, Sergey Hismatov. The author considers the subjects and artistic images of the bayan music pieces. The way of interpretation of musical instruments in ensemble with bayan is explored as a kind of an instrumental theatre. The performing techniques used by the composers for bayan are described.
Music Material Development Techniques (Lectures in «Principles of Music Analysis»)
Authors: Лаул Р.Х.
Published: May 2021

Настоящий материал продолжает серию публикаций лекций Рейна Лаула по анализу музыки в Санкт-Петербургской (Ленинградской) консерватории. Шестая лекция завершает обзор приемов разработочного развития музыкального материала. В нее вошли шесть из двадцати пяти приемов в авторской классификации (эпизодическая тема, производная тема, варьирование, полифонические варианты, приемы подвижного контрапункта, полифонические структуры), способствующей систематизации разработочных процессов. В поле зрения автора включены неспецифически сонатные способы преобразования музыкального материала, благодаря чему сонатность предстает в гибком и взаимодополняющем взаимодействии с иными принципами формообразования. Особое внимание уделено специфике применения полифонических средств развития музыкального материала в контексте сонатного формообразования. В ходе детального рассмотрения финала симфонии В. А. Моцарта Юпитер оказываются тесно связанными технологический, композиционно-драматургический и стилевой аспекты становления музыкальной формы. Заключительный раздел, обобщающий содержание лекции в целом, содержит пример практического применения предлагаемой автором методологии. Тем самым доказывается ее целесообразность и высокая эффективность как в аспекте анализа интонационной драматургии музыкального произведения, так и в достижении главной аналитической цели в формировании объективного представления о содержательной сути каждого этапа в развёртывании музыкальной композиции.

This material continues the series of publications of R. H. Lauls lectures on music analysis at the Leningrad (Saint Petersburg) Rimsky-Korsakov State Conservatory. The sixth lecture concludes the review of techniques for developing musical material. It discusses six of the twenty-five techniques in the authors classification (episodic theme, derived theme, variation, polyphonic variants, mobile counterpoint techniques, polyphonic structures), which contributes to systematization of the development processes. The authors field of view includes non-specific Sonata methods of transforming the musical material, so that sonateness appears in a flexible and complementary interaction with other principles of formation. Special attention is paid to the specifics of using polyphonic means of developing musical material in the context of Sonata formation. The detailed examination of the finale of Mozarts Symphony Jupiter, shows that technological, compositional, dramatic, and stylistic aspects of the formation of a musical form appear to be closely related. The final section summarizing the content of the lecture as a whole contains an example of practical application of the methodology proposed by the author, proving its expediency and high efficiency not only in the aspect of analyzing the intonation drama of a musical work, but also of achieving the main analytical goal to form a reasoned judgment about the content of each stage in the deployment of a musical composition.
On Ivan Vasilievitch Matchinsky
Authors: Гуляев С.И. , Махова Л.П.
Published: May 2021

Черновик ранее не опубликованной статьи С.И.Гуляева хранится в Рукописном отделе Института русской литературы (Пушкинский дом) в фонде Е.А.Ляцкого. Текст ее написан на отдельных листах и вложен в тетрадь Песни круговые . Статья не имеет авторского заглавия. Она посвящена гастрольной поездке по городам Сибири хора Д.А.Агренева-Славянского, а также концерту в Барнауле И.В.Матчинского, окончившего в 1875 году Санкт-Петербургскую консерваторию по классу сольного пения у К.Эверарди. Гуляев также описывает события, способствовавшие поступлению певца в консерваторию. Основанием для оценки рукописи как черновика являются авторские исправления, а также расположение текста в виде узкой колонки на половине листа справа. Свободное место оставлено автором для возможности редактирования первоначального текста, внесения исправлений и дополнений. В приложении к статье описана нумерация листов рукописи, так как авторская раскладка изменена. На основе архивных данных об окончании Матчинским Санкт-Петербургской консерватории в сопоставлении с фактами, изложенными в статье, публикатор проводит датировку рукописи Гуляева и относит ее к 1875 году.

The draft of the unpublished article by StepanI.Gulyaev is kept at the Manuscript Department of the Institute of Russian Literature (The Pushkin House), Russian Academy of Science as a part of EvgenyA.Lyatskys collection (Col.163). The text of the article is written down on separate sheets, which are enclosed inside the notebook called Pesni krugovye Round songs Col. 163. Inv. 1. No.59(3). Sheet 29 v.. The article has no authors title and deals with the concert tour of Dmitry A.Agrenev-Slavyanskys Choir to the cities of Siberia as well as with the recital of Ivan V.Matchinsky (who graduated from the singing class of C.Everardi of St. Petersburg Conservatory in 1875) in Barnaul. Gulyaev also describes the events which facilitated the singers entering the Conservatory. The reasons for assessing manuscript as an article draft are the personal authors corrections and the arrangement of the text in the form of a narrow column placed on the right side of a sheet. The author left a blank space on the left side of the sheet exactly to provide an opportunity to edit the initial text and make additions and corrections. The appendix to the article describes the pagination of the manuscript sheets, since the initial authors order was changed. Based upon the archive data concerning Matchinskys graduation from the St. Petersburg Conservatory, in comparison with the facts mentioned in the article itself, the publisher dates the Gulyaev manuscript to 1875
Versions of the Lyrical Song “Lad’s Dream” in the Folklore Traditions of Russia: Historical and Typological Assessment
Authors: Иванова М.Н.
Published: May 2021

В статье представлен опыт историко-типологической оценки вариантов песен с сюжетом «Сон-предзнаменование несчастливой судьбы (солдатства / гибели) молодца», относящихся к различным региональным традициям. Приводятся результаты сравнительного исследования более ста образцов. Выделены три основных очага распространения песен с исследуемым сюжетом: Русский Север (Архангельская, Вологодская области, Республика Коми), западные области России (Смоленская, Тверская) и южные регионы проживания казаков (Ростовская, Волгоградская области, Ставропольский, Краснодарский края, Чеченская Республика и Республика Ингушетия). Отдельные примеры напевов и текстов также обнаружены в Оренбургской, Челябинской, Псковской, Ульяновской и Кировской областях. В ходе исследования было выявлено три версии развития сюжета и более десяти различных в типологическом отношении напевов. Это объясняется спецификой певческих традиций, к которым принадлежат рассматриваемые образцы. На процесс изменения текстов и напевов оказывают влияние исторические обстоятельства бытования песен, а также индивидуальные особенности исполнительского стиля отдельных певцов. Из множества песен с единым сюжетом может быть выстроена условная историческая цепочка — от наиболее ранних напевов и текстов к вариантам, вобравшим в себя черты позднейшего поэтического и музыкального стиля. При этом выявляется принцип несинхронного развития компонентов художественной формы. Учитываются все формообразующие признаки — структура и содержание поэтического текста, особенности композиционно-ритмической и мелодической организации напевов.

The article presents the experience of historical and typological evaluation of versions of songs with the subject “Dream-omen of lad’s misfortune (recruitment in soldiers / death in a foreign land)”, belonging to various regional traditions. The results of the comparative study of more than one hundred sample songs are given in the article. Songs are recorded in the territory of the Russian North (Archangelsk, Vologda region, Komi Republic), in western regions of Russia (Smolensk, Tver region) and areas of residence of Cossacks (Rostov, Volgograd, Stavropol, Krasnodar Territory, Chechen Republic, Ingushetia Republic). The study revealed three versions of the plot and more than ten typologically different melodies. This diversity is due to the specifics of the singing traditions to which the song variants belong. The process of changing lyrics and melodies is also influenced by the historical circumstances of song distribution, as well as the individual features of the performance style of individual singers. A conditional historical chain is built on the example of variants of songs with a single story — from the earliest in historical terms samples to variants that have included features of later poetry and musical style. All components of the song form are taken into account. The principle of asynchronous development of the components of the art form is revealed by the study.
Surveying the History of Rossini’s Russian Contacts: the Composer’s Autographs in the St. Petersburg and Moscow Archives
Authors: Логунова А.А.
Published: May 2021

Статья продолжает тему, начатую документальной публикацией автора в журнале Opera musicologica № 4 (42) / 2019, и освещает малоизвестные факты из истории взаимоотношений Россини с подданными Российской империи в период с 1817 по 1865 год. Источниками информации послужили материалы из следующих хранилищ: Российский государственный исторический архив, Российская национальная библиотека, Государственный архив Российской Федерации, Российский национальный музей музыки, Санкт-Петербургский государственный музей театрального и музыкального искусства, Российский государственный архив литературы и искусства. В статье подробно комментируются два письма Россини к И. М. Толстому, придворному из окружения Александра II, свидетельствующие о продолжительных дружеских отношениях композитора с влиятельным российским чиновником. Среди рекомендательных писем Россини особенно интересны послания 1860 года — к Т. Рикорди и Дж. Боноле, в которых идет речь о молодом русском певце, будущем режиссере А. Д. Гарфильд-Дмитриеве. Представленные в настоящей статье документы — шесть писем и музыкальный автограф для альбома М. Я. Раппапорта — не только открывают новую страницу в истории русских контактов Россини, но содержат малоизученные факты, касающиеся биографии композитора и его итальянских связей. Большинство автографов публикуются впервые.

The article continues the documentary publication in the Opera musicologica, no. 4 (2019) and deals with unknown facts from the history of relations between Rossini and subjects of the Russian Empire on the basis of the materials from the Russian State Historical Archive, the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian National Museum of Music, the National Library of Russia, the St. Petersburg State Museum of Theatre and Music, the Russian State Literature and Arts Archive. The main attention is paid to letters by Rossini to Ivan M. Tolstoy, testifying to the composer’s long-term friendly relations with the influential Russian official from the entourage of Alexander II. Among Rossini’s letters of recommendation, messages to Tito Ricordi and Giovanni Bonola about a Russian singer Aleksandr Dmitriev are of particular interest. Six letters and a musical autograph presented in this article not only open a new page in the history of Rossini’s Russian contacts, but also contain little-studied facts concerning the composer’s biography and his Italian connections. Most autographs are published for the first time.
The Touches of Piano Nocturnes by César Cui
Authors: Глазунова Р.В.
Published: May 2021

Композиторская и музыкально-критическая деятельность Цезаря Кюи сыграла важную роль в становлении, укреплении и пропаганде русского музыкального искусства. В то же время стиль произведений Кюи напрямую не связан с идейными установками балакиревской школы; как композитор Кюи скорее был «европейцем», продолжателем традиций Шумана и Шопена. Выдающиеся пианисты XIX века — Антон Рубинштейн, Ференц Лист, Ганс фон Бюлов — высоко ценили творчество Кюи и охотно включали его фортепианные сочинения в свои концертные программы. Одним из сквозных жанров фортепианного творчества Кюи является ноктюрн. В статье представлены все пять ноктюрнов, написанных композитором в разные годы. Подобно Шуману, Кюи стремится к объединению разнохарактерных миниатюр: каждый из ноктюрнов входит в тот или иной опус фортепианных пьес. Для подхода композитора характерны точность, любовь к деталям, бережное отношение к мелодии и гармонии, умение создать неповторимый колорит; миниатюрам свойственны простота изложения музыкального материала, поэтичность и возвышенная тонкость. На примере ноктюрнов рассматриваются особенности фортепианного стиля композитора, проводятся параллели с другими жанрами творчества Кюи и его современников.