bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The typologically rare approximant inventory of Kajkwakhrattxi: A series of natural sound changes
Authors: Huff Teela , Lapierre Myriam
Published: March 2021

Kajkwakhrattxi, a Northern Jê language spoken by fewer than 30 elders in Mato Grosso, Brazil, exhibits a typologically rare sound inventory, especially with respect to its series of approximants: /w, w̃, ʍ, ɽ, ɽ̃, j/, realized as a total of 17 different surface allophones: [w, w̃͡w, w̃, ʍ, ɥ, ɥ̃͡ɥ, ɥ̃, ɥ̊, ɾ, ɾ̃, ɽ, ɽ̃, ɻ, ɻ̃, ɻ̊, j, j̃]. We propose a novel reconstruction of Proto-Northern-Jê that accounts for this unusually dense inventory of approximants, namely as the result of a series of natural sound changes involving processes of lenition and assimilation. Our analysis makes use of novel fieldwork data on three underdocumented and endangered languages of the family: Kajkwakhrattxi, Panãra, and Kayapô. As a result, our reconstruction is based on a more phonetically detailed and internally coherent data set than was available to previous comparative work on Jê languages. Our results provide evidence for the possible breadth of diversity in the phonological systems of natural languages, both synchronically and diachronically, and advances our knowledge of the sound changes that occurred from Proto-Northern-Jê to its daughter languages.
Skills-Based Grading: A novel approach to teaching formal semantics
Authors: O'Leary Maura , Stockwell Richard
Published: March 2021

This paper reports an implementation of ‘Skills-Based Grading’ (SBG) in a formal semantics course. In traditional grading, every part of every assignment contributes to the final grade. Students are required to progress along a uniform timeline, with partial credit as a safety net. In SBG, by contrast, the course is composed of skills. Students are given multiple opportunities to demonstrate mastery in each skill, but full proficiency is required to gain credit. Zuraw et al. (2019) pioneered the use of SBG in linguistics for phonetics and phonology. SBG is known to work well for skills that require algorithmic approaches to arrive at inarguably correct answers. In applying SBG to semantics, we show that it is just as effective for more abstract and philosophical skills. Based on survey and grade data, we substantiate claims that SBG improves student learning, encourages more effective study, lowers student stress, and achieves more equitable outcomes. Since this paper reports our first use of SBG, we conclude with some reflections on improvements for the future.
“Tiempos de cosecha”: alternativas de enseñanza matemática, talleres de educadores y análisis del “medio” del alumno de EJA
Authors: Delprato María Fernanda
Published: March 2021

Esta narrativa reconstruye meta-analíticamente supuestos teórico-analíticos de un “taller de educadores” sobre decisiones de enseñanza matemática en “clases comunes” con docentes de Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EJA) en un CENPA (Centro de Nivel Primario de Adultos) en Córdoba (Argentina) desde 2008 a 2017. Su objetivo es  contribuir a la reflexión y orientación de investigaciones colaborativas como opción para transformar condiciones de enseñanza en EJA. Para ello reconstruiré el encuadre de trabajo de esta experiencia colaborativa desde aportes de la etnografía educativa latinoamericana sobre: procesos de documentación de la cotidianeidad escolar; tensiones en difusión y autoría de estos procesos vinculados a condiciones del trabajo docente. Advertiré desafíos y opciones del abordaje empírico-analítico de investigaciones que a la vez intervienen en la mejora de la enseñanza matemática generando colaborativamente alternativas. Finalmente mostraré cómo la noción de “medio del profesor” permite analíticamente delimitar procesos a abordar en el diseño del taller. 

Palabras clave: Enseñanza matemática. Taller de educadores. Medio del profesor.
On the Impact of 22Ne on the Pulsation Periods of Carbon–Oxygen White Dwarfs with Helium-dominated Atmospheres
Authors: Chidester Morgan T. , Timmes F. X. , Schwab Josiah , Townsend Richard H. D. , Farag Ebraheem , Thoul Anne , Fields C. E. , Bauer Evan B. , Montgomery Michael H.
Published: March 2021

We explore changes in the adiabatic low-order g-mode pulsation periods of 0.526, 0.560, and 0.729 M
⊙ carbon–oxygen white dwarf models with helium-dominated envelopes due to the presence, absence, and enhancement of 22Ne in the interior. The observed g-mode pulsation periods of such white dwarfs are typically given to 6−7 significant figures of precision. Usually white dwarf models without 22Ne are fit to the observed periods and other properties. The rms residuals to the ≃150−400 s low-order g-mode periods are typically in the range of σ
rms ≲ 0.3 s, for a fit precision of σ
rms/P ≲ 0.3%. We find average relative period shifts of ΔP/P ≃ ±0.5% for the low-order dipole and quadrupole g-mode pulsations within the observed effective temperature window, with the range of ΔP/P depending on the specific g-mode, abundance of 22Ne, effective temperature, and the mass of the white dwarf model. This finding suggests a systematic offset may be present in the fitting process of specific white dwarfs when 22Ne is absent. As part of the fitting processes involves adjusting the composition profiles of a white dwarf model, our study on the impact of 22Ne can provide new inferences on the derived interior mass fraction profiles. We encourage routinely including 22Ne mass fraction profiles, informed by stellar evolution models, to future generations of white dwarf model-fitting processes.
Pure Rotational Spectrum of CCl+
Authors: Asvany O. , Markus C. R. , Nagamori K. , Kohguchi H. , Furuta J. , Kobayashi K. , Schlemmer S. , Thorwirth S.
Published: March 2021

The pure rotational spectrum of the CCl+ (X
1Σ+) cation has been observed for the first time using a cryogenic ion trap apparatus and applying an action spectroscopy scheme. The major isotopic species 12C35Cl+ was observed up to the J = 4 ← 3 transition around 191 GHz and 12C37Cl+ was observed up to J = 3 ← 2. All transitions exhibit (partially) resolved hyperfine structure from the presence of the chlorine nuclei (both I = 3/2). This study provides the data needed for future sensitive radio astronomical searches for CCl+ in space.
Changes in the respiratory function of the heart and brain mitochondria of animals after chronic alcohol intoxication affected by a new GABA derivative
Authors: Popova Tamara A. , Kustova Margarita V. , Khusainova Gulnara Kh. , Perfilova Valentina N. , Prokofiev Igor I. , Smolnyakova Yulia A. , Borodkina Ludmila E. , Tyurenkov Ivan N. , Ostrovskiy Oleg V. , Vasil’eva Olga S.
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Chronic ethanol consumption leads to significant functional and structural changes in the mitochondria of the heart and brain, increasing generation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, the search for substances, which improve the functional state of the mitochondria and, meantime, reduce the oxidative stress, is relevant.

Materials and methods: 10-months-old Wistar female rats were used in the experiments. Chronic alcohol intoxication (CAI) was modelled by replacing drinking water with a 10% ethanol solution containing sucrose (50 g/L) for 24 weeks. Four groups were formed: 1 – intact animals; 2 – animals after chronic alcohol consumption; 3 – rats after CAI which were administered RSPU-260 (25 mg/kg); 4 – rats after CAI which were administered the reference drug Mildronate (50 mg/kg). The intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the rate of oxygen consumption in various metabolic states were determined.

Results and discussion: Administration of the compound RSPU-260 to the animals exposed to alcohol over a long period of time resulted in an increase in both the rate of oxygen consumption (state 3) and the respiratory control ratio (RCR) of the mitochondria of heart and brain cells. The use of a GABA derivative promoted a decrease in malonic dialdehyde in the mitochondria of the heart and brain. Total SOD activity in the mitochondria of heart cells was significantly increased in the groups of rats treated with RSPU-260. In terms of efficiency, the compound RSPU-260 was comparable to the reference drug Mildronate.

Conclusions: The compound RSPU-260, and the reference drug Mildronate improve mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in heart and brain cells, the functioning of antioxidant enzymes in animals after CAI, and can be used to correct alcoholic damage to these organs.
Building Recommendation Systems Using the Algorithms KNN and SVD
Authors: Erritali Mohammed , Hssina Badr , Grota Abdelkader
Published: March 2021

Recommendation systems are used successfully to provide items (example:
movies, music, books, news, images) tailored to user preferences.
Among the approaches proposed, we use the collaborative filtering approach
of finding the information that satisfies the user by using the
reviews of other users. These ratings are stored in matrices that their
sizes increase exponentially to predict whether an item is interesting
or not. The problem is that these systems overlook that an assessment
may have been influenced by other factors which we call the cold start
factor. Our objective is to apply a hybrid approach of recommendation
systems to improve the quality of the recommendation. The advantage
of this approach is the fact that it does not require a new algorithm
for calculating the predictions. We we are going to apply the two Kclosest
neighbor algorithms and the matrix factorization algorithm of
collaborative filtering which are based on the method of (singular value
decomposition).
Matswa vivant
Authors: Gondola Didier
Published: March 2021

Partir sur les traces de Matswa, dans l’entre-deux-guerres, c’est illuminer l’itinéraire d’un acteur à la fois mystérieux et méconnu, pourtant incontournable si l’on veut saisir les contours de la fronde contre l’ordre colonial qui se dessine aux quatre coins de l’Hexagone à partir des années 1920. Utilisant la quête de la citoyenneté française comme un fil d’Ariane, l’auteur fait cheminer le lecteur dans le dédale de la lutte anticoloniale, des cafés de la Ville-Lumière, aux Quatre Communes côtières du Sénégal, aux villages frondeurs du Moyen-Congo et aux camps de détention du Sahel tchadien. À son parcours militant audacieux se double un destin posthume qui occupe une place disproportionnée dans l’imaginaire collectif des Congolais. C’est une vie créée de toutes pièces, une vie de légende dans laquelle Matswa apparaît affublé d’oripeaux prométhéens. Cette biographie de Matswa s’attèle justement, en recourant à une pléthore de sources, à faire la part entre l’univers des croyances et l’ordre des connaissances.
La figure de style de l’anomalie et ses caractéristiques dans le théâtre du XXe siècle
Authors: Bivona Antonietta
Published: March 2021

Ce travail a pour objectif l’analyse du recours systématique à l’anomalie en littérature, dans un genre qui ne fait pas de cette figure de style sa caractéristique principale, en l’occurrence, le genre théâtral et, d’une manière plus spécifique, le théâtre du XXe siècle. Pour ce faire, nous examinerons, à travers l’étude d’une pièce de Jean-Luc Lagarce, en relation avec des auteurs tels que Boccace, Sartre, Beckett et Kafka, les caractéristiques de l’anomalie en tant qu’élément narratif, visuel ou stylistique. Ce dernier, ne s’inscrivant pas dans un genre spécifique, devient en littérature une métaphore à travers laquelle regarder le monde, mais surtout un instrument essentiel pour engager une réflexion profonde sur la contemporanéité.
“Corrupt as this dialect is, it will not be totally useless”. Colonialism and an “anomalous” Indian language in Hadley’s Grammatical remarks
Authors: Nagot Louis
Published: March 2021

This contribution, based on Captain George Hadley’s Grammatical remarks on the practical and vulgar dialect of the Indostan language commonly called Moors (1772), casts light on the perception of “anomalies” in a vernacular Indian language, and the efforts to “reduce it to a system”, in order to make it fit European (i.e., essentially Latin) grammatical standards. In an intellectual context admitting a hierarchy of languages according to their varying supposed “perfection,” Hadley’s project was to explain Moors’ seeming “corruption” and to reframe it using a more understandable organization of the language. In doing so, however, he powerfully contributed to further “anomalizing” that language from the reader-learner’s perspective, insisting on its shortcomings, flaws, or introducing uneasy new grammatical categories – reinforcing, the colonial perceptions about this “most barbarous language.”
Les recueils de mirabilia à l’époque humaniste : l’anomalie collectée pour le plaisir et pour la science
Authors: Maselli Mila
Published: March 2021

Les observationes raræ sont des récits d’expériences : de nature hétéroclite, elles peuvent rapporter les descriptions d’anomalies physiques ou d’affections remarquables que le médecin a rencontrées dans l’exercice de sa profession. Rejetés du champ de recherche de l’aristotélisme, les mirabilia deviennent très à la mode pendant l’Humanisme et trouvent une forme de légitimité dans la publication de recueils de ces cas cliniques étonnants. À travers la lecture de diverses observationes raræ de médecins humanistes, nous interrogerons les relations que ces événements racontés entretiennent avec le savoir : à partir du moment où l’anomalie inexplicable attire l’attention des théories de la connaissance, elle se charge de valeurs et d’attributs épistémologiques inédits.
Aller là où le monde vous fait advenir
Authors: Louÿs Gilles
Published: March 2021

Si tout récit de voyage est la relation d’un déplacement qui mène quelqu’un quelque part pour ensuite le ramener (généralement) à son point de départ, il ne s’ensuit pas que les formes prises par ce déplacement s’équivalent : lorsqu’on traverse des territoires, on ne vit pas la même expérience que celui ou celle qui est parti pour séjourner, durablement, dans un lieu, et qui en ressent profondément l’emprise. Il y a ainsi des déplacements qui vous affectent, parce qu’ils vous conduisent en des endroits où votre identité s’altère, et d’autres qui ne vous changent en rien. Le présent article aborde, à travers un corpus de récits viatiques contemporains, les formes prises par ces transformations intérieures, qui sont parfois formulées de manière quasi identique, comme une sorte de coïncidence à soi seulement permise par la confrontation avec l’altérité.
La réalisation du déplacement chez Ying Chen, un cheminement narratif en langue française
Authors: Bergeret Curien Annie
Published: March 2021

Cette étude envisage en premier lieu ce que le thème du déplacement spatio-temporel et la projection vers un ailleurs recouvrent dans les œuvres de Ying Chen. La relation qu’elle entretient à la langue, aux langues, française et chinoise, est ensuite analysée. Les modes de la réalisation du déplacement dans son écriture, tandis qu’elle compose une narration en langue française, sont enfin explorés. Mais, au préalable, il est nécessaire de présenter brièvement la romancière.
Comment devenir un intellectuel à la française ? Voyage en France et tentation de l’exil dans le monde littéraire japonais des xixe et xxe siècles
Authors: Chiche Didier
Published: March 2021

Depuis la fin du xixe siècle, la culture française sous toutes ses formes, a très tôt acquis auprès des Japonais un indiscutable prestige : de sorte que le voyage en France, réel ou livresque, a souvent été une étape indispensable sur la route à suivre pour devenir un véritable « intellectuel ». Pour autant, peut-on dire qu’un tel voyage ait abouti à des formes nouvelles d’écriture ? Pour répondre à cette question, j’étudie plus particulièrement deux écrivains en les opposant l’un a l’autre. Le premier : Nagai Kafû, a voyagé en France et a rapporté de cette expérience à la fois le désir d’une écriture nouvelle et la frustration de ne pas être à la hauteur de l’ambition qu’avait générée en lui cet exil. Le second : Dazai, s’est inventé une France portative, ce qui lui a permis d’entamer une réflexion féconde sur la refondation de la langue elle-même, d’explorer des chemins littéraires nouveaux, et même de tenter une réécriture de la tradition.
Strange Distance: Bergson and Symbolism
Authors: Jones Patrick
Published: March 2021

L’article traite de la rencontre entre la littérature et la philosophie dans l’essai de Maurice Blanchot, « Bergson et le symbolisme ». Il est tentant de lire cette critique, qui met en question l’opinion selon laquelle la pensée de Bergson est un fondement de l’esthétique moderne, comme une affirmation de la singularité de la littérature, qui rend tout échange avec la philosophie futile. Mais une telle lecture s’ancre dans une conception de la relation entre les deux disciplines dont l’essai de Blanchot propose une subtile remise en question. En le confrontant à d’autres auteurs (notamment Maurice Merleau-Ponty), nous verrons au contraire qu’il ouvre un espace pour une rencontre plus fugitive dans laquelle le contact n’est pas fondé sur une coïncidence, mais sur une dialectique étrange de proximité et de distance.
A Study on Recent Trends in Cloud-Based Data Processing for IoT Era
Authors: J. John Shiny , P. Karthikeyan
Published: March 2021

Cloud computing has become one of the most important technologies in our day-to-day lives. The computing resources are delivered to the customers based on subscription basis via internet. Big data storage and processing are main application of cloud. Furthermore, the development of internet of things provides the platform for interconnecting devices over internet. This includes everything from mobile phones, washing machines, lamps, headphones, wearable devices, and everything else we never think of. This enables machine-to-machine communication, also applies to the components of the machine. The main objective of this chapter is to give an overview of cloud computing, big data, and internet of things and the advance research topics.
Tanshinone IIA, a melanogenic ingredient basis of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge
Authors: Wang Zhaojing , Tang Huihao , Yang Lili , Li Yiming , Wu Huali
Published: March 2021

Background:

The roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae) have been often used to treat vitiligo in clinical for many years. However, the main ingredient basis of efficacy has not been known.

Objectives:

We investigated whether the two main constituents of S. miltiorrhiza, major hydrophobic compound tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) and the major hydrophilic compound salvianolic acid B (Sal B), had the same melanogenic activity.

Methods:

To testify the potential roles of Tan IIA and Sal B in pigmentation, tyrosinase (Tyr) activity, melanin synthesis ability, and the molecular mechanisms stimulating melanin production were determined in B16F10 melanoma cells.

Results:

Tan IIA promoted melanogenesis and enhanced Tyr activity at its maximum concentration (10 μM), whereas that of Sal B had no effect. Furthermore, the color of cell pellets and morphological observation of B16F10 cells were visibly darkened. Regarding molecular mechanisms, Western blot results showed that Tan IIA (1, 3, and 10 μM) dose dependently increased the level of phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase MAPK, respectively. However, it decreased phosphorylation in extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 MAPK signaling. Meanwhile, Tan IIA promoted the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and Tyr.

Conclusion:

Tan IIA might be a melanogenic ingredient basis of S. miltiorrhiza to increase the Tyr activity by activating the upstream MAPK signaling pathways, thereby contributing to pigmentary processing.
Perspective approaches on melanogenesis inhibition
Authors: Manap Aimi Syamima Abdul , Lum Yin Kei , Ong Lei Hui , Tang Yin-Quan , Gew Lai Ti , Chia Adeline Yoke Yin
Published: March 2021

Melanogenesis is a melanin-forming process responsible for protecting the skin against ultraviolet radiation damage. An excess production of melanin, however, may result in hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin) to adverse dermatological effects (freckles, solar lentigines, and melasma) and skin cancer. These hyperpigmentary skin disorders may also have a major effect on a person's appearance and could even result in emotional and mental distress, as well as a diminished quality of life. A large number of melanogenesis inhibitors have been discovered, but most of them appeared to have undesirable side effects. Therefore, in order to better understand the mechanisms of hyperpigmentary skin disorders and to establish effective and safe melanogenesis inhibitors, more fundamental research is needed. Apart from tyrosinase blockers, there are also alternative approaches that involve the manipulation of melanogenesis regulatory pathway such as α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone blockers, melanosome transferase inhibitors, and cytokines. This review abridges data on the different melanogenesis inhibitors and depigmentation agents from both natural and synthetic agents from the last few years.
An assessment of the efficacy of a rotary and a reciprocating retreatment file system for removal of gutta-percha from root canals
Authors: Wahane Kapil Dasaram , Kulkarni Shraddha Shekhar , Daokar Sadashiv , Patil Kalpana , Patel Karishma , Thorat Trupti
Published: March 2021

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare the NeoEndo and WaveOne retreatment systems concerning the effective removal of epoxy resin-based sealer and gutta-percha during the retreatment of straight root canals.

Materials and Method:

Sixty extracted, human mandibular first premolars with single straight roots were selected based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluations. The root canals were instrumented with the ProTaper system up to the F3 file and filled with gutta-percha and epoxy resin-based sealer using the cold lateral condensation technique. After 1 month, the samples were randomly divided into two groups (n = 30) according to the retreatment system used: NeoEndo and WaveOne. A CBCT device scanned specimen after the root filling and retreatment procedures, and the decrease in the volume of filling material after each retreatment protocol was measured. The results were analyzed using the paired t-test and additional box-and-whisker plots.

Results:

The WaveOne removed significantly more material than the NeoEndo (P = 0.005) system.

Conclusion:

The WaveOne system was more effective than the NeoEndo retreatment system during the removal of filling material.
The comparative evaluation of various additives on setting time and compressive strength of MTA Plus
Authors: Tilakchand Mahima , Pandey Priyanka , Shetty Praveen , Naik Balaram , Shetti Shruti , Nirmala Chandrasekaran
Published: March 2021

Background and Objectives:

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), being a near-ideal retrograde filling material, has the greatest disadvantage of longer setting time, which limits its use in a certain clinical situation. A novel MTA, known as MTA Plus, claims to have a finer particle size and is marketed with an additional anti-washout gel. This study was undertaken to compare the setting time and compressive strength (CS) of MTA Plus with various additives.

Materials and Methodology:

MTA Plus powder was mixed with following additives such as 5% CaCl2 solution, 10% CaCl2 solution, phosphate-buffered saline, 80% distilled water/20% propylene glycol, saline, lidocaine HCl, 15% sodium phosphate monobasic, 3% sodium hypochlorite gel, and proprietary gel with MTA Plus in the ratio of 3:1 by weight. Setting time was evaluated using Vicat apparatus using a brass mold with an internal diameter of 10 mm and height of two millimeters. CS was evaluated using an Instron machine using a split brass mold with an internal diameter of Four millimeters and height of Six millimeters.

Results:

The results showed that 15% sodium hydrogen phosphate and MTA Plus gel significantly decrease the setting time of MTA Plus. MTA Plus gel set cement gave the highest value of CS among all groups of additives studied.

Interpretation and Conclusion:

Additives used in the given study had an influence on physical property like setting time and mechanical property like CS of MTA Plus.
A comparative study evaluating the efficacy of 2.0-mm mini locking plate and 2.0-mm three-dimensional locking miniplates in mandibular angle fractures
Authors: Subramaniyan Deepika , Sathyanarayanan R , Suresh V , Subramaniyan Monica , Venugopalan  , Guna Thamizhp Pozhil
Published: March 2021

Background:

Three-dimensional (3D) mini locking plates not only provide stability due to their unique double-lead thread structure but also cause minimal interference with the underlying vasculature. However, there are not much data available regarding the application of 3D miniplates as a treatment modality for mandibular angle fracture. Therefore, this study was designed to gauge and compare the efficacy of 2.0-mm mini locking plates and 2.0-mm 3D locking miniplates in mandibular angle fractures.

Materials and Methods:

This comparative randomized study involved 34 mandibular angle fracture patients with randomly categorization into Group 1 (managed using 2.0-mm conventional mini locking plate) and Group 2 (managed using 3D miniplates). The parameters evaluated were occlusal stability, displacement of fracture, signs of inflammation as well as any hardware failure postoperatively. Analysis done was Chi-square test.

Results:

The mean duration of operation was significantly less in Group 2 (P < 0.05). Normal healing was noted to be more in Group 2 than in Group 1, with no hardware failure observed in any of the groups. Postoperative occlusal stability was observed to be more satisfactory during the 3rd week of follow-up in Group 2 patients, which was statistically insignificant (P = 0.2).

Conclusion:

3D miniplates have emerged as a feasible treatment option in cases of mandibular angle fractures. This study reveals comparable results depicting the effectiveness of 3D titanium miniplates to standard titanium miniplates. However, further interventions are needed to arrive at more conclusive outcomes.
Predictors of mortality in necrotizing fasciitis
Authors: Kumar Mahendra , Lal Mohan
Published: March 2021

Background:

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressing life threatening necrosis of the fascia and subcutaneous tissue. This study was done to assess the clinical presentation, laboratory investigations, microbiological characteristics, and major predictors of mortality associated with NF.

Material and Methods:

A prospective study was conducted from March 2013 to February 2014. NF patients were categorized into two groups based on their in hospital outcome. Demographic data, clinical features, comorbidities, site of infection with microbiology and laboratory results, and surgical intervention for patients were compared and analyzed. SPSS 26.0 statistics software was used for statistical analysis.

Results:

The mean age was 48.6 ± 16.78 years. Fever (P = 0.0177), tachycardia (P = 0.0155), and septic shock (P = 0.0046) were significantly high in nonsurvivors. Diabetes was the most common comorbidity. Renal impairment (P = 0.0229) was significantly high in the nonsurvivor group. The most common site was lower limb/thigh NF. Abdomen/groin NF (P = 0.0158) was significantly high in nonsurvivors. Nonsurvivors had significantly low hemoglobin (P = 0.0027) and serum sodium (P = 0.0023) and had significantly high leukocyte count (P = 0.00001), serum creatinine (P = 0.0000), serum glucose (P = 0.00003), and LRINEC score (P = 0.00002). Polybacterial infections (P = 0.021) were significantly high in nonsurvivors. The frequency of debridement more than 2 (P = 0.0469) and debridement within 24 h of admission (0.0013) were significantly high in survivors. Hospital stay (P = 0.0272) was significantly high in nonsurvivors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis did not show any independent factors associated with mortality

Conclusion:

Identification of predictors of mortality can improve the management and outcome of NF.
Fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery in treating the complex intracranial arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Hsu Peng-Wei
Published: March 2021

Background:

The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of treating large or eloquently located intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (FSRS).

Materials and Methods:

Eighteen patients with AVM treated with FSRS between March 2006 and August 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. The nidus obliteration, volume reduction, rate of rebleeding, newly onset neurological deficit, and signal change in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were evaluated.

Results:

With a median follow-up of 88 months (range: 24–154), 6 of the 18 lesions (33.3%) had a complete obliteration. All obliteration occurred in patients received the total treatment dose of 21 Gy (6 of 9 patients, 66.7%). The median time to complete obliteration was 38 months (range: 12–53). The mean volume reduction after FSRS in the 25 Gy group was 30.2% ± 20.9% and that in the 21 Gy group was 87.7% ± 24.2%. During the follow-up period, 4 of 18 (22.2%) lesions revealed T2 signal change in the MRI. No FSRS-related complication was noted clinically or radiologically.

Conclusion:

According to the present results, FSRS could be an effective and safe treatment alternative for complicated AVMs. Delayed toxicity after treatment is not noticed in the current study, but long-term follow-up is required. A higher dose in total and each fraction is likely needed when treating larger lesions.
Comparative evaluation of oral tramadol and gabapentin for prophylaxis of post-spinal shivering
Authors: Nain Poonam , Kundra Sandeep , Singh Tanveer , Singh Mirley R , Kapoor Richa , Singh Arshdeep
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims:

Shivering in the peri-operative period is a common problem which is associated with various complications. Prophylaxis of shivering can thus help in reducing the cost and risk of complications. The present study was designed to compare prophylactic oral gabapentin, tramadol and placebo for prevention of post-spinal shivering.

Methods:

A total of 150 adult patients of either sex belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I–III scheduled for elective orthopaedic surgeries were randomised to receive tramadol 100 mg (group A), gabapentin 600 mg (group B) or placebo (group C) orally 30 min before administration of spinal anaesthesia. The primary outcome was to study the incidence and severity of shivering,whereas the secondary outcome was to evaluate the incidence of adverse effects. Data were analysed by analysis of variance test, Student t-test, Mann–Whitney U test and Chi-square tests.

Results:

Incidence of shivering was comparable among groups A and B (P = 0.8) whereas it was significantly less than in group C (P = 0.00). Severity of shivering (grade 1 and 2) was comparable in all the groups (P = 0.6 and 0.36), whereas shivering grade 3 and grade 4 was significantly lesser in groups A and B as compared to group C (P = 0.01 and 0.01). The incidence of nausea and vomiting was more in group A (26%) as compared to group B (20%) (P = 0.48) but was significantly lesser than group C (48%) (P = 0.01). Incidence of sedation (sedation score ≥2) was significantly more in group B (22%) as compared to group A (4%) and group C (0%).

Conclusion:

Prophylactic oral gabapentin 600 mg and tramadol 100 mg are equally effective for prevention of post-spinal shivering.
Общие коэффициенты Фурье и сходимость почти всюду
Authors: Gogoladze Larry Davidovich , Cagareishvili Giorgi
Published: March 2021

В работе найдены неулучшаемые в определенном смысле достаточные условия, которым должны удовлетворять функции ортонормированной системы $(\varphi_n)$ для того, чтобы коэффициенты Фурье функций ограниченной вариации удовлетворяли условиям теоремы Меньшова-Радемахера. Также доказана теорема о том, что каждая система $(\varphi_n)$ содержит подсистему $(\varphi_{n_k})$, относительно которой коэффициенты Фурье функции ограниченной вариации удовлетворяют условиям теоремы Меньшова-Радемахера. Полученные результаты дополняют и обобщают соответствующие результаты из работы [1].
Библиография: 10 наименований.
Orhidejski hibridi (Orchidaceae) na otoku Krku
Authors: Borovečki-Voska Ljiljana , Horvatić Berislav
Published: March 2021

U sklopu sustavnog istraživanja porodice Orchidaceae na otoku Krku tijekom vegetacijskih sezona 2018., 2019. i 2020. zabilježeno je šest hibridnih svojti, dvije intergeneričke i četiri intrageneričke. Od toga je samo Orchis × gennarii Rchb. f. već uvrštena u bazu podataka Flora Croatica. Za pet od šest otkrivenih hibrida postoje literaturni podaci koji govore da su već ranije zabilježeni u Hrvatskoj, dok za intergenerički hibrid × Serapicamptis fontanae (E. G. Camus) H. Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H. Dietr. nisu nađeni objavljeni podaci za Hrvatsku, pa taj nalaz možemo smatrati prvim.
Thirty years with Flora Croatica database
Authors: Nikolić Toni
Published: March 2021

The Flora Croatica (FCD) database records thirty years of continuous work these days. Since the initial limited application, today FCD has been nationally and internationally recognized as the relevant source of verified data on national and regional flora. It is fully web oriented with the strong support of GIS tools in spatial data display and analysis. Users are a wide range of individuals, public institutions, museums, educational system institutions, scientific institutions, and private companies. With numerous interconnected modules, it enables the processing and presentation of various data on flora – taxonomy, nomenclature, distribution, threat status, use, invasiveness, bibliography, collections, etc. Website monitoring indicates great dynamics of data entry, processing, and use, as well as international cooperation. Further development of FCD and application of modern IT tools in the best possible support to all classes of users is expected, both in quantitative and qualitative terms.
Nove vrste i nomenklaturne preinake u popisu flore Hrvatske – 4
Authors: Šegota Vedran , Bogdanović Sandro
Published: March 2021

Dosad su u Glasniku Hrvatskog botaničkog društva objavljena tri priloga koja popis flore Hrvatske i bazu podataka Flora Croatica (http://hirc.botanic.hr/fcd) dopunjuju s novoopisanim i novootkrivenim biljnim svojtama te se provode nomenklaturne preinake već postojećih svojti. Kako bi se taj niz i dalje nastavio, ovaj prilog je četvrti u nizu te je u bazu podataka Flora Croatica dodano sedam novih biljnih svojti (Glaux maritima L., Cystopteris dickieana R. Sim, Teucrium x rohlenae K. Malý, Helianthemum jonium Lacaita & Grosser ex Bég., Ornithogalum sibthorpii Greuter, Carex phyllostachys C. A. Mey. i Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D. Sauer) koje se po prvi puta bilježe za Hrvatsku.
Nove vrste i nomenklaturne preinake u popisu flore mahovina Hrvatske – 1
Authors: Šegota Vedran , Rimac Anja , Alegro Antun
Published: March 2021

Popis flore mahovina Hrvatske dopunjen je s 27 novih svojti (tri rožnjače, tri jetrenjarke i 21 prava mahovina) pronađenih u posljednjih pet godina. Vrste su unesene u novi modul Mahovine u bazi podataka Flora Croatica (https://hirc.botanica.hr/fcd/beta/Mahovine) u kojem je dosad dostupno ukupno 26674 nalaza mahovina iz 150 literaturnih referenci te manjeg broja opažanja, a uskoro započinje i digitalizacija mahovinskih herbarijskih zbirki. U Hrvatskoj je do sada zabilježeno ukupno 798 svojti mahovina.
Novi sintaksoni i nomenklaturne preinake u Hrvatskoj (2019.-2020.)
Authors: Jasprica Nenad , Švorc Željko
Published: March 2021

Na temelju literaturnih podata objavljenih u 2019. i 2020., vegetacija Hrvatske dopunjena je novopisanim i nomenklaturno preinačenim sintaksonima. Novi sintaksoni i preinake utvrđene su unutar razreda Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae, Nardetea strictae, Molinio‐Arrhenatheretea, Erico-Pinetea, Pinetea halepensis, Crithmo-Staticetea, Juncetea maritimi, Asplenietea trichomanis, Cymbalario-Parietarietea diffusae, Phragmito-Magnocaricetea i Dittrichietea viscosae. Za vegetacju Hrvatske opisani su za znanost dva nova razreda (Pinetea halepensis i Dittrichietea viscosae), dva reda (Junipero communis-Pinetalia nigrae i Dittrichietalia viscosae), četiri sveze (Salvio nemorosae-Arrhenatherion, Junipero nanae-Pinion dalmaticae, Capparo orientalis-Aurinion leucadeae i Dittrichion viscosae), 17 asocijacija i 14 subasocijacija. Dodatno, u radu su ukratko prikazane preinake unutar razreda Phragmito-Magnocaricetea.
Age Influences Male's Mating Preferences for Multiparous and Nulliparous Females in the Laboratory-bred Macaca Fascicularis
Authors: Yoshida-Kobayashi Maiko , Koyama Takamasa , Yasutomi Yasuhiro , Sankai Tadashi
Published: March 2021

Most studies of partner choice and preferences in nonhuman primates have been concerned with male social rank. Females select high-ranking males, and high-ranking females can more readily gain access to males. Although researchers have mentioned males’ choices and their preferences for females, papers that focus on male preferences have been few. Past studies suggested that male primates prefer older females. We analyzed data collected by the every-other-day mating system in which a male alternately lived with each of two females. This allowed us to compare the biological and/or physical characteristics of pregnant females with those of nonpregnant females and to minimize social factors. Multiparous and/or older females were more frequently pregnant. In the nulliparous group, females that became pregnant for the first time tended to be younger than the other nonpregnant females paired in the mating set. While males generally prefer parous females, males prefer to mate with younger females among females that have never been pregnant. A female that gets pregnant at a young age could become pregnant again later in life. Such a mating preference would guarantee higher reproductive success for females in the wild as well.
Taste Aversion Learning Despite Long Delays: How Best Explained?
Authors: Kwok Dorothy W. S. , Boakes Robert A.
Published: March 2021

Taste aversion learning (aka conditioned taste aversions or CTA) can occur even when there is delay of some hours between experience of the taste and the subsequent onset of illness. This property of CTA is quite distinct from other forms of associative learning, where typically no association between two events is acquired if they are separated by more than a minute. This paper provides an overview of a series of recent experiments based on the assumption that long-delay CTA is possible only when no potentially overshadowing – or ‘concurrently interfering’ (Revusky, 1971) – events occur during the delay. The general method is one in which in a single conditioning session the rats are first given 8% sucrose, providing the sweet target taste, and 65 min later are injected with lithium chloride. What vary across experiments are the potentially interfering events occurring during the 65-min delay period. When the interfering event is a second, and quite different, taste, namely sour-tasting hydrochloric acid solution (HCl), this produces 1-trial overshadowing of the sucrose aversion, to a degree that is greater when HCl is given late in the delay period, greater when HCl is given in the same context as sucrose and greater when HCl has not been pre-exposed. Other intervening events can also overshadow sucrose aversion learning. These include placement into a novel context, as long as this occurs immediately before injection, and even stimuli that evoke memories of food-related experiences. These results can be accounted for by adding to the Rescorla-Wagner model (Rescorla & Wagner, 1972) the assumption that sickness is comprised of a succession of mini-bouts and the assumption that context-event associations (Wagner, 1981) are important in long-delay CTA.
Introduction: Biological Constraints on Learning
Authors: Burgos José E.
Published: March 2021

This special section stemmed from a symposium on biological constraints on learning that was organized for the XVII Biennial Meeting of the International Society for Comparative Psychology in Bogotá, Colombia, September 2014. The symposium sought to revisit the topic of biological constraints on learning. Such is the aim of this special section as well, guided by the conviction that the topic demands further study. Some of the most important researchers in the area were invited to contribute. Their acceptance indicates the topic’s enduring importance.
Everywhere and Everything: The Power and Ubiquity of Time
Authors: Marshall Andrew T. , Kirkpatrick Kimberly
Published: March 2021

Anticipatory timing plays a critical role in many aspects of human and non-human animal behavior. Timing has been consistently observed in the range of milliseconds to hours, and demonstrates a powerful influence on the organization of behavior. Anticipatory timing is acquired early in associative learning and appears to guide association formation in important ways. Importantly, timing participates in regulating goal-directed behaviors in many schedules of reinforcements, and plays a critical role in value-based decision making under concurrent schedules. In addition to playing a key role in fundamental learning processes, timing often dominates when temporal cues are available concurrently with other stimulus dimensions. Such control by the passage of time has even been observed when other cues provide more accurate information and can lead to sub-optimal behaviors. The dominance of temporal cues in governing anticipatory behavior suggests that time may be inherently more salient than many other stimulus dimensions. Discussions of the interface of the timing system with other cognitive processes are provided to demonstrate the powerful and primitive nature of time as a stimulus dimension.
The secondary bacterial infection caused by WSSV outbreaks impacts shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus’ growth as well as its intestinal microbiota’s composition and function
Authors: He Zihao , Zhao Jichen , Liao Xuzheng , Chen Xieyan , Fu Zhibin , Sun Chengbo , Ni Zuotao
Published: March 2021

Intestinal microbiota homeostasis is a complex ecosystem and is essential for promoting aquatic animals’ growth. Invading pathogens can cause dynamical composition and structure change in the hosts’ microbiota due to this affecting their functions. WSSV is one of the most common and dangerous shrimp pathogens, which leads to white spot disease with too high mortality. A few studies on shrimp intestinal microbiota mainly focused on the changes during acute infection stage. Marsupenaeus japonicus is one of the most cultured shrimp with a decent ability to cope with environmental changes. In the current research, using M. japonicus as a model, we compared the differences of intestinal microbiota between healthy shrimp and the shrimp that survived through the WSSV outbreak. Our study showed that compared to the healthy M. japonicus, the WSSV outbreak disrupted intestinal microbiota structure in the survived shrimp: There was less potential beneficial bacteria and more harmful bacteria. Furthermore, the diversity and total abundance of intestinal microbiota in WSSV-survived shrimp increased significantly. On top of that, a metagenomic analysis by PICRUSt suggested that the changed intestinal microbiota could help the host to combat the secondary bacterial infections caused by WSSV outbreaks by regulating cell growth and death, reducing cell motility, improving energy metabolism, and increasing intestinal enzyme activities regardless the smaller sizes of WSSV-survived shrimp. This could be a result of excessive energy consumption and reduced nutrient-absorbing intestinal microbiota. Our study indicated that shrimp intestinal microbiota plays a fundamental role in combating against secondary infections and regulating the hosts’ growth post WSSV outbreaks. The eventual goal is to development of more efficient diagnostics and therapeutic strategies.
Teachers’ Perspectives on Students’ Proficiency on Standardized Assessments: A Qualitative Case Study
Authors:   American College of Education, IN, Ashiru Omofolarin
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this qualitative descriptive case study was to examine teachers’ perspectives and review preparation materials to understand why students in SS3 were not proficient on the mathematics SSCE standardized assessments. Teachers were randomly selected, and semistructured phone interviews using open-ended questions were utilized to understand teacher perspectives, course preparation materials, and how the materials could be improved. The study aimed to determine what teachers perceive to be working, what challenges exist, and describe the mathematics preparation materials used in preparing students for the mathematics SSCE standardized assessments. The study revealed the need to develop the senior secondary schedule to make improvements in curriculum implementation and a need for appropriate instructional materials and adequate instructional time to ensure essential learning outcomes and core skills are taught effectively.
The Effect of Creative Problem Solving Learning Models on Problem Solving Ability in Learning Motivation and Student Self-Efficacy View
Authors:   Mathematics Education Department, Post Graduate, Universitas Jambi – Indonesia, Baity Nur
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine; 1) the effect of using creative problem-solving learning models on mathematical problem-solving abilities, 2) the influence of learning motivation on mathematical problem-solving abilities, 3) the influence of students' self-efficacy on mathematical problem-solving abilities, 4) interactions between creative problem-solving learning models with students' learning motivation towards mathematical problem-solving abilities, 5) interaction between creative problem-solving learning models with self-efficacy on mathematical problem-solving abilities, 6) interactions between learning motivation and selfefficacy on mathematical problem-solving abilities and 7) interactions between models learning creative problem solving, learning motivation and self-efficacy together on mathematical problem-solving abilities. The method used in this research is an experimental research method. A sample of 70 students was taken using the cluster random sampling technique. The data analysis used was the three-way Anava technique and the follow-up test used a multiple comparison test. The results showed that: 1) creative problemsolving learning models more effectively influence problem-solving abilities than conventional learning models, 2) high learning motivation is more effective in influencing mathematical problem-solving abilities than moderate learning motivation and low learning motivation, 3) high self-efficacy more effective in influencing mathematical problem-solving abilities than moderate selfefficacy and low self-efficacy, 4) there is no effect of differences in learning models with learning motivation on mathematical problem-solving abilities, 5) there is no difference between learning models and self-efficacy on solving abilities problem, 6) high learning motivation with moderate self-efficacy most effectively affects mathematical problem-solving abilities, 7). Creative problem-solving learning model, high learning motivation with moderate self-efficacy most effectively affect mathematical problem-solving abilities.
COMPETITION "LIBRARY OF THE YEAR" - CONFESSION PROFESSIONAL SUCCESS IN UKRAINE
Authors:   The National libraries Ukraine named Yaroslav the Wise, Prokopenko Lilia
Published: March 2021

Professional library competitions as one of the most popular communicative forms of ritual library communication are considered. The conceptual and organizational aspects of the national library awards «Library of the Year» in Ukraine and in Germany are described. The winners of the «Library of the Year» 2008 – 2019 in Ukraine are identified