bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ROS-Resistant Redox Mediator in Lithium-Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Kwak Won-Jin , Lee Hyun-Wook , Hwang Jiwon , Kim Ja-Yeong , Morais Gabriel , Tang Katie , Choi Myungsoo , Choi Haeun , Youn Hong-Bin , Kim Seoungtae , Ha Jeeho , Kang Seok Ju , Chen Shuming , Suh Sung-Eun
Published: May 2024

The utilization of redox mediators (RMs) in lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs) have underscored their utility in addressing the challenge of the elevated overpotential during the charging process. Nonetheless, the generation of highly electrophilic singlet oxygen (1O2) throughout the battery cycles leads to adverse reactions with RMs, thereby impeding their effectiveness. In the quest for enhanced RM durability, this study unveils a novel RM, 7,7'-bi-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (BAC), incorporating N–N interconnected aza-bicycles, and assesses its efficacy and robustness relative to those of other N–N non-bicyclic RMs. Unlike non-bicyclic RMs, which exhibit diminished O2 evolution after exposure to 1O2, BAC maintains consistent O2 profiles during charging, indicating its superior 1O2 resistance and steady redox-catalyst performance in LOBs. Theoretical analyses align with the experimental findings that the bicyclic structural design of BAC confers a superior ability to resist oxidative degradation through cleavage of the C–H bonds adjacent to nitrogen atoms.
Predictors of Students’ Motivation for Higher Education
Authors: Dimalibot Andrea Amor
Published: May 2024

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted to investigate variables determining the choice of careers among undergraduate students currently enrolled at the Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University Mid La Union Campus. A questionnaire was developed to examine areas of interest and attributes that may have influenced students when choosing a career. Data were collected from a survey involving a random sample of 318 students drawn from the six colleges of the University. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine relationships among study factors. According to this survey, students are most influenced by major factors: extent of use of audio-materials, grade point average, classrooms, buildings and parents’ educational degree. The students who completed the questionnaire had a positive outlook on their career. Students believe their projected careers will make a positive impact on the world. The findings also provide some useful insights to the University on how it should restructure its programs to meet the needs and aspirations of its future students.
Prevalence and predictors of Caesarean Section deliveries at the Tamale Teaching Hospital in Northern Ghana
Authors: Agyemang George Sarpong , Gmanyami Jonathan Mawutor , Appiah Elvis Angelo , Haruna Umar , Amoakoh Michael Yaw , Kweku Margaret
Published: May 2024

Background: Modern medicine has significantly transformed the process of childbirth among childbearing women. The preferred mode of childbirth among women has become of global interest to many researchers due to the steady rise in recent caesarean section (CS) rates.
While CS is often viewed as a life-saving intervention, it is associated with both immediate and long-term complications for the mother, newborn, and future pregnancies. To better understand the medical and non-medical reasons for CS among women, this study was conducted to identify the socio-demographic and obstetric factors that influence CS deliveries in the Tamale Metropolis.
Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 318 postpartum mothers at the Tamale Teaching Hospital. Descriptive analysis, univariate logistic regression and stepwise multivariate logistic regression model were conducted, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: The majority of respondents (63.5%) were below the age of 30 years at the time of study. Almost all respondents (95.3%) were enrolled in the NHIS. The majority (95.91%) had single births, rather than twins. Most respondents (91.2%) delivered via spontaneous vaginal delivery. The prevalence of CS delivery was 8.8%. Significant factors influencing the preference for CS were maternal age above 30 years (aOR=2.27, 95% CI=1.01-5.12), rural settlement (aOR=0.31, 95% CI=0.10-0.92), twin delivery (aOR=6.88, 95% CI=1.64-28.95), and obstetric complication (aOR=10.55, 95% CI=2.42-46.04).
Conclusion: There is a need to focus on initiatives to improve regional inequities, enhance access to maternal healthcare services, and improve maternal and infant outcomes in the area of preference for mode of delivery.
Molecular docking, Dynamics and Experimental approach integrated identification of Phytopharmaceuticals against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection
Authors: Saima Saima , Sharma Hitesh Kumar , Latha S. , Lather Viney , Tewari Devesh , Sharma Ruchika , Jain Gaurav Kumar , Pandita Deepti , kumar Anoop
Published: May 2024

Background
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is indeed a significant public health issue, affecting millions of people worldwide which can range from mild skin infections to life-threatening conditions like bloodstream infections and pneumonia.
Aim
The aim of the current study is to decipher the possible mechanism of some selected natural compounds against MRSA. Methodology
The natural compounds were selected based on our earlier systematic literature review (SLR). The selected compounds were screened against various targets of MRSA using molecular docking techniques. The stability of selected compounds was checked using molecular dynamics. Further, ADME was predicted using QikProp module. All the computational studies were conducted using the Schrodinger Maestro version 13.5.128. In-vitro assays (diffusion assay, micro broth dilution assay and bacterial growth assay) were conducted to check the anti-bacterial effects of selected natural compounds against MRSA.
Results
Among 60 selected natural compounds, theasinensin A, xanthohumol, luteolin, oxyresveratrol, liquiritigenin and baicalin has shown the energetically favoured binding conformation in the active site of targets. Further, molecular dynamics results have shown the stable conformation of xanthohumol and theasinensin A in the active site of targets. Further, the pharmacokinetic profile of xanthohumol was found to be better among other natural compounds. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of xanthohumol was found to be 3.12µg/mL as indicated by disk diffusion and micro broth dilution assays.
Conclusion
Xanthohumol can be promising anti-bacterial agent against MRSA through multi modal mechanism. However, further detailed experimental studies are required to confirm its possible antibacterial mechanisms.
Exploring the use of health technology in community-based midwifery care – An interview study
Authors: Edmundson Holly , Glogowska Margaret , Hayward Gail , Mossop Jude
Published: May 2024

Background: New portable health technologies may offer solutions to problems in current maternity care, but little is known about their current usage, existing problems, or areas of unmet needs.
Purpose: To better understand the use of health technology in community midwifery care in the UK.
Methods: Midwives with current or recent experience working in community settings were recruited using social media. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken. These were transcribed and thematically analyzed.
Results: Thirteen midwives were interviewed between October 2021 and March 2022. The main themes and subthemes were as follows: 1) Problems with current equipment: (a) Issues in the context of remote working, b) Concerns regarding accuracy, and c) Women’s experiences with equipment. 2) Equipment challenges working within the UK National Health Service: a) Lack of availability of appropriate equipment, and b) Lack of autonomy in how to utilize equipment. 3) Areas of unmet needs.
Conclusion: This study has shown that there are several areas of unmet needs for community midwives which should be investigated; however, arguably more pressing is improving the availability and quality of health technologies and other equipment that is already widely used. Midwives were interested in technologies that support decision making, reduce the number of hospital visits for their patients, improve their workload, and reduce medicalisation. At the same time, there is fear that technology may take away midwives’ wisdom. Where new technologies are introduced, support and training should be provided to address potential resistance.
Surface non-destructively inspection of annular ceramic metal coating based on data augmentation and deep learning
Authors: LIANG Dan , Ye MinJie , Wang DingCai , Yu GuiTao , Tu JianFei , Liang DongTai , Zhang Xi
Published: May 2024

The defects in the metal coating surface of annular ceramic workpiece have significant effects on the conductivity and reliability. Due to the irregularity, small area, and few sample number of defects, it is difficult to achieve efficient and accurate inspection. This paper presents a defect inspection framework based on deep learning for the metal coating surface of annular ceramic workpiece. Firstly, an image acquisition system for the coating surface is designed, and the defects characteristics are analyzed. Then, a surface image data set is constructed through five data augmentation strategies in order to solve the problem of insufficient samples. Finally, a defect detection framework for ceramic metal coating surface based on improved YOLOv7 model is established. By optimizing the clustering algorithm of target box, introducing an attention mechanism, and improving the MPConv structure, the efficient and precise identification of different defects is realized. Experimental results show that the recognition rate of defects including scratch, deficiency, scuffing, and dot is higher than 94%, and the average detection time is about 30 ms. The proposed detection framework based on deep learning shows great application potential in the fields of precise coating and manufacturing of ceramic materials.
Enhanced Densification of Cerium (IV) Oxide during Spark Plasma Sintering under a Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere
Authors: Prasad Anil , Malakkal Linu , Bichler Lukas , Szpunar Jerzy
Published: May 2024

Cerium dioxide (CeO2) finds extensive utility in electro ceramics applications, including solid oxide fuel cells, oxygen sensors, and catalysts. However, Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) of CeO2 presents challenges due to the heightened mobility of O2− ions in the presence of an electric field, as well as its reactivity with graphite tooling. Traditionally, CeO2 is sintered in an oxidative environment to prevent it from reducing to CeO2−δ or Ce2O3. Nevertheless, oxidative atmospheres are detrimental to the graphite and steel tooling used in SPS processing. In this study, we investigated CeO2 SPS in a CO2 atmosphere and observed substantial enhancement in the relative density (RD) of the as-sintered samples in comparison to those sintered in an Ar atmosphere. The improved densification is attributed to reduced formation of oxygen vacancies in the CO2 atmosphere. Furthermore, the reaction between CeO2 and graphite generates COx gases, and that reaction can be reversed in a CO2 atmosphere. In summary, CeO2 SPS in a CO2 environment demonstrates superior densification, effectively mitigating the challenges associated with ionic mobility and graphite reactivity.
Development of a Prognostic Model for HR-positive HER2-negative and Node-negative Breast Cancer: Integrating Clinical and Transcriptional Biomarkers
Authors: Chen Xiaoxi , Liu Hongjin , Gao Min , Ye Jingming
Published: May 2024

Purpose
In this study, a prognostic model was constructed for HR-positive HER2-negative (HR+/HER2–) and node-negative breast cancer by integrating clinical and transcriptional biomarkers, with a particular focus on exploring both main effects and gene-gene (G × G) interactions.
Methods
Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to analyze three independent trans-ethnic cohorts with a total of 2180 samples. Independent prognostic factors were used to construct a prediction model. The Model was validated by ROC curves, calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA).The molecular basis of the Model was illustrated by integrating bulk-tumor and single-cell RNAseq datasets.
Results
Our findings revealed that a combination of clinical and transcriptional factors can improve the accuracy of prognostic models for HR+/HER2– and node-negative breast cancer. The Model achieved satisfactory discrimination, with the area under the curve (AUC) ranging from 0.65 (Metabric, 10-year survival) to 0.88 (GSE96058, 3-year survival).
Conclusion
This research provides a powerful tool for predicting outcomes in HR+/HER2– and node-negative breast cancer, offering initial insights into the molecular mechanisms that can guide future investigations.
Paraquat at 63 - the story of a controversial herbicide and its regulations: It is time to put people and public health first when regulating paraquat.
Authors: Utyasheva Leah , Amarasinghe Prabath , Eddleston Michael
Published: May 2024

Background
Paraquat has been one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, despite its high human toxicity and the overwhelming evidence of associated high morbidity and mortality. Due to the significant public health implications from paraquat’s use, there have been calls to severely restrict or ban it in many countries. In this paper, we aim to investigate the regulatory status of paraquat on national, regional, and international levels, discuss the successes and challenges of regulatory implementation, and assess the impact of regulation on the incidence of poisonings and deaths.
Methods
We conducted a systematic review of articles on regulations related to the herbicide paraquat. The review concentrated on interventions to mitigate the negative public health impact of paraquat use. We also conducted region-wise and country-wise searches on paraquat regulations to complement our findings. We collected information on paraquat regulations and restrictions, and regulatory aspects of regulation implementation.
Results
At least 74 countries do not authorize paraquat in their markets, with bans, phase-outs, and withdrawals from the market. National and regional bans and phase-outs were effective in reducing paraquat poisonings and deaths. Restrictions on the use and application of paraquat, however, did not always result in a significant reduction in poisoning and suicide mortality, and many countries introduced bans after restrictions proved ineffective.
Conclusion
Our review highlights several elements important for the success of the implementation of regulations, with reductions in harm and no effect on agriculture. It is now time that national, regional, and international authorities pay attention to the scientific evidence of human toxicity and put people’s life and health ahead of economic and business considerations in regulating paraquat. Its use should be replaced by other methods of weed control. This should be a public health priority.
Targeting ROS production by Tea Polyphenols biomimetic nanoparticles for asthma treatment in mice
Authors: Ouyang Suidong , Lu Peishan , Li Jianing , Jin Hua , Wu Wanhua , Luo Renxing , Wang Bin , Huang Xueqin , Lian Xinlong , Huang Gonghua
Published: May 2024

Asthma presents as a chronic allergic condition characterized by airway inflammation, increased responsiveness, and mucus accumulation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are central to its inflammatory cascade and pathology. Hence, we theorized that antioxidants could offer a promising therapeutic strategy for house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma. Our study reveals that Tea Polyphenols (TPs) encapsulated in biocompatible nanoparticles, enveloped with platelet membranes (PM@TP/NPs), effectively alleviated HDM-induced asthma by suppressing ROS production and modulating the CCL2/MAPK signaling pathway. Notably, PM@TP/NPs exhibited excellent biocompatibility and safety, with enhanced lung retention compared to free TP. In vitro experiments demonstrated that PM@TP/NPs curbed HDM-induced inflammation in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells by reducing ROS levels, Ccl2 mRNA expression, and inhibiting the MAPK pathway. In an HDM-induced mouse asthma model, inhalation of PM@TP/NPs significantly attenuated lung inflammation, characterized by reduced eosinophil infiltration and secretion of type 2 pro-inflammatory factors. Furthermore, PM@TP/NPs enhanced ROS scavenging capacity while concurrently suppressing the CCL2/MAPK pathway in the lungs of asthmatic mice. Collectively, our findings propose PM@TP/NPs as a novel therapeutic strategy for asthma, targeting ROS production and inflammation for potential clinical application.
Nano-Enhanced Concrete: Unveiling the Impact of Nano-Silica on Durability, Strength, and Cost Efficiency
Authors: Labaran Yahaya Hassan , Atmaca Nihat , Tan Mehmet , Atmaca Kemal , Aram Salim Ali , Talib Ahmed Kaky
Published: May 2024

This study delves into the cutting-edge use of nano-silica (nS) in concrete, underscoring its remarkable ability to bolster both the mechanical properties and longevity of concrete structures. Distinguishing itself from previous research, this study not only investigates standard performance metrics such as compressive strength, water absorption, air permeability, and drying shrinkage but also scrutinizes the impact of nS on production costs. Through rigorous experimental procedures, the research meticulously formulated concrete mixes with varied water to binder (w/b) ratios of 0.33, 0.45, and 0.55, incorporating nS proportions of 0, 1, 3, and 5 percent relative to the binder's weight. The findings reveal that a 3% nS admixture optimally enhances compressive strength and diminishes both water and gas permeability, although it concurrently increases drying shrinkage. Importantly, the cost analysis reveals that even a minimal 1% addition of nS can significantly escalate production expenses, highlighting the critical balance between economic feasibility and performance enhancement required for nS's practical integration into concrete applications.
Evaluation of different mathematical models on fitting the in vitro gas production parameters in beef cattle
Authors: Wang Jinze , Zhou Zhiyu , Cheng Yang , Wu Hao , Yi Xin , Deng Ziqi , Ye Boping , Liu Saige , Ren Lingyu , Li Ning , Zhu Xiaowen , Li Wei , Yi Simeng , Zhou Zhenming , Meng Qingxiang
Published: May 2024

In vitro rumen gas production experiment was conducted with 57 kinds of feedstuff, which were categorized into energy feed, protein feed, and roughage, collected within China. Eight mathematical models were employed to describe the kinetics of in vitro rumen gas production. The results found that for energy feeds, protein feeds, and roughages, respectively, MM or Logistic-Exponential with lag (LEL), MM, and Mitscherlich (MIT) exhibited the highest or shown no significant difference compared to the highest coefficient of determination (R2) (P< 0.05) for all categories of feed. Furthermore, regression estimation of intercept and slope for regression estimates of intercept and slope for Observed versus Predicted of aforementioned models shown no significant difference from 0 and 1, respectively (P< 0.05), except LEL for energy feed. Mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP), mean squared error of prediction (MSEP) of those models were relatively lower, with minimal systematic bias and regression bias. Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) rankings were higher compared with other models. Given these results, in studies where feedstuff categories are not distinguished or multiple feedstuffs categories are included, the MM model proves to be a good choice. MM or LEL was considered to better fit energy foodstuffs. The MM model was the optimal choice for fitting protein foodstuffs. MIT provided the best accuracy and moderate precision when fitting roughages.
“We are Having a Vast Trauma” Experiences of Africa Women with Infertility Treatment: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Joseph-Shehu Elizabeth Musili , Odejobi Omowumi Rebecca , Lateef Adepeju M.
Published: May 2024

The experience of women undergoing infertility treatment is multifaceted, encompassing a range of physical, psychological, social dimensions and traumatic suffering of women due to cultural beliefs implication in Africa. This study explored and described the experiences of infertility among women receiving treatment in Nigeria. A qualitative descriptive design was implemented in this study. In-depth individual interview with fifteen infertility women (n = 15) was conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. The study utilised both descriptive and thematic content analysis. The key themes identified from this study were as follows: (i) Experience a troubling time, has three subthemes: Un-satisfy able feeling, Reduction of self-esteem and Challenges of self-contained. (ii) Psychological Trauma unpleasant experience has the following subthemes: Stressful and anxiety, Terrible spouse and given your all because is Sacrificial. (iii) Cultural beliefs negative impact has two subthemes: Not palatable, and emotional trauma and Stigmatisation. (iv) Inadequate Resources has one subtheme which is limited infertility centre. Infertility has a serious psychological, physical, social, and economic impact on women lives. The importance of information on the causes, prevention, and treatment of infertility should be prioritized in efforts to lessen the burden and offer psychological support.
Ferroptosis Participates in Coenzyme Q10-treated Silicosis Fibrosis in Mice
Authors: Sun Yue , Yu Mengxue , Zhang Huning , Zhang Wenyue , Wen Shengpeng , Chang Sirong , Yang Fei , Qi Guangjun , Ma Xin , Liu Zhihong , Yang Anning , Jiang Yideng , Liu Bin
Published: May 2024

Background
Silicosis is the most common, fastest-progressing, and most severe type of occupational pneumoconiosis, which result in diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. However, there are no specific treatments for silicosis. Coenzyme Q10, as a component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, can enhance mitochondrial quality and cellular energy supply, inhibit the production of ROS to reduce oxidative damage for reducing the risk of fibrosis. Ferroptosis is triggered by reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation induced by the overload of Fe2+ and has tight correlation with pulmonary fibrosis. However, whether ferroptosis is involved in coenzyme Q10-treated silicosis fibrosis in mice remains unclear.
Methods
After intratracheal instillation of silica in C57BL/6J mice for 48 hours, CoQ10 was administered orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg•d. The mice were randomly divided into control group, saline group and CoQ10 treatment group, and there are 6 mice in each group. Lung injury and fibrosis in mice were observed by HE, Masson, and Sirius Red assays. Iron content was measured by colorimetry in lung tissue. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung tissue was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Protein and mRNA expression of aSMA, Collagen I, GPX4 and p53 were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Multiple data comparisons were conducted using one-way ANOVA, meanwhile multiple comparisons were conducted using Tukey test.
Result
Histopathological staining assays showed that the normal lung tissues in control group exhibited a basically intact alveolar structure, thin alveolar walls, no obvious inflammatory cells aggregation, and no significant collagen fiber deposition in pulmonary mesenchyme. But after CoQ10 treatment, the alveolar structure was still acceptable and no silicosis nodules and reduced collagen deposition. qPCR and WB experiments showed that CoQ10 significantly reduced the expression levels of α-SMA and collagen I in silicosis lung tissues. It is worth noting that CoQ10 significantly inhibited the accumulation of lipid peroxidation and Fe2+ and increased the expression of ferroptosis regulatory core enzyme GPX4 and reduced its upstream regulator p53 in silicosis lung tissues.
Conclusion
Ferroptosis is involved in coenzyme Q10-treated silicosis fibrosis and this finding is a new perspective for exploring the pathogenesis and treatment for silicosis.
Effectiveness, reliability, and validity of new Japanese diagnostic criteria for obstetrical disseminated intravascular coagulation (tentative version): A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Morikawa Mamoru , Takeda Yoshiharu , Matsunaga Shigetaka , Makino Shintaro , Eto Eriko , Serizawa Mariko , Nii Masafumi , Takeda Jun , Masuyama Hisashi , Itakura Atsuo
Published: May 2024

Since July 2023, obstetrical disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in Japan has been diagnosed based on the new criteria (tentative version), which assesses the main underlying disease, fibrinogen level, and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products or D-dimer level. The previous Japanese criteria assessed underlying disease, clinical symptoms, and various laboratory findings. This study aimed to prove the effectiveness, reliability, and validity of the new criteria. We analyzed 212 women with singleton pregnancies who delivered after 22 gestational weeks and experienced blood loss ≥ 1,000 mL during vaginal delivery or ≥ 2,000 mL during cesarean section. Those with missing laboratory findings before receiving blood transfusion at delivery were excluded. In the obstetrical DIC group, the frequency of fibrinogen levels < 150 mg/dL was significantly higher than in the control group (92% vs 4%, p < 0.0001), as was the frequency of scores ≥ 8 according to the previous Japanese criteria (100% vs. 9%, p < 0.0001). The relationship between the overall scores using the new criteria with those using the previous criteria was significantly positive (p < 0.0001). Cronbach alpha was 0.767 and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was 0.712 between the new and previous criteria. In conclusion, we proved the effectiveness, reliability, and validity of the Japanese new criteria.
Microbial differences in the habitats of lithophytic bryophytes and their relationship with soil nutrients
Authors: Meng Wenping , Jingcheng Ran , Zhang Xu , Kong Deming , Liu Fang , Tong Qi , Wang Chen , Zheng Ting
Published: May 2024

Background:Lithophytic Bryophyte is a pioneer plant on the exposed rock surface in karst area,and they can alter the microorganisms in the rock habitat.
Results:At the species level, the number of species of various microorganisms in the habitat after the rocky moss was planted on the rock surface was Fungi 235, Bacteria 20535, Eukaryota 816, Archaea 503, and Viruses 155, respectively. Compared with the original control soil, the growth of various microorganisms was Fungi 52%, Bacteria 11%, Eukaryota 78%, Archaea 27%, and Viruses 146%. The number of microbial species related to carbon fixation was 2779, nitrogen fixation was 1502, phosphorus metabolism was 1750.Compared with the original control soil, the bryophytes increased by 37%, 49% and 53% respectively after planting the rock surface. Compared with the original soil, the exposed rock surface increased by 20%, nitrogen fixation by 28% and phosphorus metabolism by 31%.Microbial species with significant differences between groups,Acidimimicrobia_bacterium,Acidimimicrobiaceae_bacterium,Acidimimicrobiales_bacterium, Iamiaceae_bacterium_SCSIO_58843 is significantly positively correlated with potassium content in soil,Microcoleus_Sp._PCC_7113 is a significant negative correlated with potassium content in soil.Alphaprotoobjective_bacterium, Solirubrobacteriales_bacterium, Betaproteobjective_bacterium is a significant positive correlated with succinic acid content in soil.Chloroflexi_bacterium is a significant positive correlated with oxalic acid content insoil.Acidobacteria_bacterium,Solirubrobacterales_bacterium,Acidimicrobiaceae_bacterium is a significant negative correlated with malic acid in soil.Gemmatimonadetes_bacterium is a significant negative correlated with oxalic acid.
Smaragdicoccus_niigatensis,Gemmatimonadetes_bacterium,Nocardiaceae_bacterium_YC2-7 is significantly negatively correlated with succinic acid in soil.
Solirubrobacterales_bacterium,Archangium_gephyra is a significant negative correlated with acetic acid in soil.
Conclusions:The lithophytic bryophytes changed the microbial composition structure in the rock surface habitat, significantly increased the number of functional microorganisms, and then increased the accumulation of potassium, phosphorus, organic carbon and malic acid in the habitat, and promoted the positive development of the rock surface ecosystem.
Designing a hybrid in silico/in-cell controller robust to process-model mismatch associated with dynamically regulated enzyme overexpression
Authors: Ohkubo Tomoki
Published: May 2024

Discrepancy between model predictions and actual processes, known as process–model mismatch (PMM), remains a serious challenge in bioprocess optimization. Previously, we proposed the hybrid in silico/in-cell controller (HISICC) concept combining model-based optimization with cell-based feedback to address the PMM problem. Herein, this approach was advanced to regulate intracellular concentrations of rate-limiting enzymes. Advanced HISICC was demonstrated using an engineered Escherichia coli strain for fatty acid production (FA3). This strain harbors an in-cell feedback controller, which decelerates acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) overexpression in response to sensing the concentration of malonyl-CoA formed by this enzyme. A mathematical model for FA3 was constructed and validated using experimental data. Simulations assuming various PMM revealed that the HISICC using FA3 effectively mitigates toxicity from excessive ACC by robustly adapting braking its overexpression, minimizing yield loss. This study confirmed HISICC as a viable strategy for enhancing bioprocess efficiency, especially in balancing the bottleneck enzyme levels.
An Effective Approach Towards the Existence of a Nonlinear Functional Integro-differential Equations
Authors: Kazemi Manochehr , Deep Amar , Sahebi Hamid Reza
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the existence of a solution for a functional integro-differential equation. To achieve this, we employ noncompactness measures and utilize fundamental fixed point theorems, such as Petryshyn’s fixed theorem, in the framwork of Banach spaces. Then this paper introduces a robust approach, based on fixed point theory, for proving the existence of solutions to the integro-differential equation. Finally, we present several examples of equations to demonstrate the applicability of our results to a broad range of integral equations.
Evaluating Bias and Fairness in AI: An Analysis of YouTube’s Recommendation Algorithm and its Impact on Geopolitical Discourse
Authors: Cakmak Mert Can , Agarwal Nitin , Okeke Obianuju , Onyepunuka Ugochukwu , Spann Billy
Published: May 2024

Exposure to online information is often determined by recommendation algorithms that introduce unintended biases when information system platforms attempt to deliver content that is engaging and relevant to their users. Further investigation into the fairness of AI-powered recommendation systems is crucial to understanding technology’s effect on societal behavior. This study underscores the need for further investigations of algorithmic biases within these AI-powered information systems, particularly in the context of geopolitical discourse. Our investigations examine the behavior of YouTube’s recommendation algorithm regarding narratives from the Indo-Pacific region to identify potential biases and study the decision-making behavior of the algorithm. For our analysis, we collected recommended videos across five recommendation depths originating from seed videos related to our narratives. We used drift analysis to examine the evolution of various video characteristics such as emotion, sentiment, and content at each depth. Network analysis was also performed on each depth of recommended videos to determine the "highly-influential" videos responsible for driving the recommendations at each depth. Our analysis reveals narrative-dependent drifts from the original content and emotion present in our seed videos in YouTube’s recommendations. We also observe that highly influential videos at each depth act as attractors, directing content across recommendations where attractors in each depth can become topically unrelated to the original content. The contributions of this analysis add a layer of understanding to the "black-box" nature of the YouTube recommendation algorithm. This study also provides a quantifiable approach for assessing fairness in information systems that are capable of influencing vulnerable populations.
The Relationship between Modifiable Lifestyle Factors and Breast Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Yang Zhuojing , Wang Lili , Han Minghua , He Yapeng , Zhao Jian , Zhao Qian
Published: May 2024

Background This study aimed to employ mendelian randomization to systematically investigate the causal effects of genetic predispositions and modifiable lifestyle factors on breast diseases.
MethodsIn this mendelian randomization study, we leveraged large-scale genetic data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to assess the causal effects of modifiable lifestyle factors. Instrumental variable analysis was performed using genetic variants associated with each lifestyle factor as instruments. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of findings.
Results We applied instrumental variable weighted (IVW) analysis to investigate causal link. Specifically, an increased risk of overall BC was observed with longer sleep duration (OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.01-1.74, P=0.04) and decreased with more years of schooling (OR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.83-0.99, P=0.04) and greater fresh fruit intake (OR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.46-0.90, P=0.01). For ER+ BC, both increased sleep duration (OR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.12-2.00, P=0.007) and greater fresh fruit consumption (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.44-0.95, P=0.02) showed significant associations. In contrast, the risk of developing ER-BC decreased with increased education (OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.64-0.84, P=0.000005) and fresh fruit intake (OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.31-0.99, P=0.04) but increased with increased processed meat consumption (OR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.11-2.84, P=0.016). Benign neoplasm of breast was linked to higher physical activity levels (OR=3.13, 95% CI: 1.07-9.10, P=0.0368), more years of education (OR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.46-0.866, P=0.003), and greater processed meat consumption (OR=3.84, 95% CI: 1.25-11.84, P=0.019). Moreover, inflammatory disorders of breast were correlated with pack years of smoking (OR=4.18, 95% CI: 1.10-15.70, P=0.034), higher BMI (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.40-2.72, P=0.00004), and fewer years of schooling (OR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.29-0.77, P=0.003). These findings underscore the complexity of lifestyle influences on different types of breast pathologies and highlight the importance of considering specific disease mechanisms in lifestyle recommendations.
Conclusions This MR study provides evidence supporting the significant role of modifiable lifestyle factors in breast diseases. The findings underscore the importance of adopting healthy lifestyle habits for the prevention and management of breast diseases.
A joint similarity matrix learning of multi-view data for RGB-T saliency detection
Authors: Wang Fan , She Yanhong , Ding Weiping , Qian Yuhua , Peng Guohua
Published: May 2024

Graph-based saliency detection has aroused considerable attention due to its ability to extract object of interest from the natural scenes. However, the most existing methods usually consisted the graph constrcution and initial back-gorund/foreground seeds selection, which may simplify the relationship among multi-view data and results in an inaccurate in complicated scenes. To our knowledge , the success of the graph-based saliency detection methods mainly rely on the qulaity of graph. In this paper, we target to achieve a joint similarity matrix learning (AJSML) from multi-view data based on graph diffusion process, which is committed to facilitating the RGB-T saliency detection task. Our assumption is that salient object in the complicaed scene always tend to be similarity appearance and compactness distribution in spatial domain. Specifically, we first design a generalized framework to simultaneously learn the high quality graph and similarity matrix for multi-view data. Thus, the similarity relationship and correlation information of multi-view data can be effectively diffused on the high quality graph, which is conducive to generating a faithful similarity matrix. Further, we present a post-processing technology called an adaptive weighted semi-supervised 1 learning (AWSL), integrating saliency information and cross-modality graphs, is developed to promote the accuracy degree of saliency results. Finally, extensive experimental results on well-known benchmark RGB-T, RGB, and RGB-D datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method, in comparison to several state-of-the-art methods.
Reducing COVID-19 Misinformation Spread by Introducing Information Diffusion Delay Using Agent-based Modeling
Authors: Alassad Mustafa , Agarwal Nitin
Published: May 2024

With the explosive growth of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19), misinformation on social media has developed into a global phenomenon with widespread and detrimental societal effects. Despite recent progress and efforts in detecting COVID-19 misinformation on social media networks, this task remains challenging due to the complexity, diversity, multi-modality, and high costs of fact-checking or annotation. In this research, we introduce a systematic and multidisciplinary agent-based modeling approach to limit the spread of COVID-19 misinformation and interpret the dynamic actions of users and communities in evolutionary online (or offline) social media networks. Our model was applied to a Twitter network associated with an armed protest demonstration against the COVID-19 lockdown in Michigan state in May 2020. We implemented a one-median problem to categorize the Twitter network into six key communities (nodes) and identified information exchange (links) within the network. We measured the response time to COVID-19 misinformation spread in the network and employed a cybernetic organizational method to monitor the Twitter network. The overall misinformation mitigation strategy was evaluated, and agents were allocated to interact with the network based on the measured response time and feedback. The proposed model prioritized the communities based on the agents’ response times at the operational level. It then optimized agent allocation to limit the spread of COVID-19 related misinformation from different communities, improved the information diffusion delay threshold to up to 3 minutes, and ultimately enhanced the mitigation process to reduce misinformation spread across the entire network.
Advancing Land Equity in Urban Planning: A Prototype “GisEquity” Integrating GIS and Python Algorithm for Fair Land Allocation in Morocco
Authors: Otmane YAZIDI ALAOUI
Published: May 2024

The valuation of building plots is intricately linked to their development potential and the density permitted by urban planning regulations. However, contemporary urban planning documents have increasingly become instruments for either enriching or impoverishing Moroccans, emphasizing the necessity of upholding the principle of land equity as mandated by Moroccan law. This article presents a prototype that leverages Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and a Python algorithm to promote land, social, and territorial equity in public land development policies, particularly within the framework of urban development plans, while navigating the complexities of the Moroccan land landscape. To achieve this objective, a Spatial Data Warehouse (SDW) has been established, integrating official census data from 2014 obtained from the Haut Commissariat au Plan (HCP) website, alongside pertinent geographic information for the commune of Bni-Makada in the Tangier region. This SDW will be enhanced with a spatial layer delineating the various legal regimes governing land ownership in Morocco, including the State's public and private domains, forest lands, private property, collective land, “guiche” land, and “habous” land. Furthermore, a Python algorithm has been developed to harness the data within the SDW, enabling essential operations such as rotation and translation to identify optimal land locations that uphold principles of equity. Additionally, the algorithm can determine the fairest location based on motivated intersection percentages, ensuring comprehensive consideration of relevant factors in decision-making processes.
Activation of NPY2R-expressing amygdala neurons inhibits itch behavior in mice without lateralization
Authors: Pavlenko Darya , Seven Zeynep Todurga , Sanders Kristen , Markan Anika , Verpile Rebecca , Ishida Hirotake , Costco Dylan , Akiyama Tasuku
Published: May 2024

The central amygdala (CeA) is a crucial hub in the processing of affective itch, containing a diverse array of neuronal populations. Among these components, Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and its receptors, such as NPY2R, affect various physiological and psychological processes. Despite this broad impact, the precise role of NPY2R+ CeA neurons in itch modulation remains unknown, particularly concerning any potential lateralization effects. To address this, we employed optogenetics to selectively stimulate NPY2R+ CeA neurons in mice, investigating their impact on itch modulation. Optogenetic activation of NPY2R+ CeA neurons reduced scratching behavior elicited by pruritogens without exhibiting any lateralization effects. Electrophysiological recordings confirmed increased neuronal activity upon stimulation. However, this modulation did not affect thermal sensitivity, mechanical sensitivity, or inflammatory pain. Additionally, no alterations in anxiety-like behaviors or locomotion were observed upon stimulation. Projection tracing revealed connections of NPY2R+ CeA neurons to brain regions implicated in itch processing. Overall, this comprehensive study highlights the role of NPY2R+ CeA neurons in itch regulation without any lateralization effects.
“Whoever has the most publications win”: time pressure, accelerated research processes and research integrity in contemporary academia
Authors: Sørensen Mads P. , Lambert Marina , Ravn Tine
Published: May 2024

The paper analyses the merit and reward system in contemporary academia and its influence on current knowledge production. This is done via a secondary analysis of 36 focus group interviews across seven European countries in which 172 researchers took part. Across countries, disciplines, gender, and seniority the interviewees paint a strikingly similar picture of the current reward and merit system in academia, which is perceived to reward speed and quantityat the expense of quality and integrity, and thereby potentially harming the robustness of the knowledge produced. The interviewees likewise express a longing for a more qualitative assessment system (in line with the ideas of the ‘research assessment reform movement’, cf. DORA, CoARA etc.). The theoretical frame for the analysis consists of theories of acceleration-related change in academia (Rosa, 2010, 2013, Ylijoki and Mäntylä, 2003; Ylijoki, 2015; Vostal, 2015, Vostal et al., 2019; Müller, 2014; Felt, 2017). The study uses this theoretical lens to give a unique insight into the effects of accelerated research processes on contemporary knowledge production, including a deeper understanding of the widespread use of questionable research practices (QRPs).
Features of a High-Stiffness Tire Interaction with a Bearing Surface During the Starting Period of Motion
Authors: Karpenko Volodymyr , Voropay Alexey , Czerepicki Andrzej , Neskreba Eduard
Published: May 2024

The article emphasizes the importance and necessity of studying the behavior of automobile tires during operation in the starting mode, from the beginning of driving on “cold” tires to stabilizing its temperature and internal pressure. During this period, the main performance characteristics of the tire can change in a relatively wide range. Therefore, the main focus was on the initial period of driving as the most dangerous from the point of view of predicting the behavior of automobile tires. This article presents the results of analyzing a car tire’s condition and behavior during the starting movement. Features of the main parameter for assessing the stiffness characteristics of the tires were investigated. The research was conducted under conditions of low ambient temperatures during the operation of automobile tires. A numerical-analytical approach was used to estimate the stiffness parameters. Simultaneously, the initial data required for a correct analysis were obtained from the experimental results in actual road conditions. The obtained results allow for providing recommendations on the peculiarities of the automobile tires’ operation under adverse conditions, such as low ambient temperatures.
Development of Bio-Economics and Training Highly-Qualified HR in Russian Regions
Authors: Titova E. S.
Published: May 2024

Bibliographic and bibliometric analyses showed a serious growth in the number of investigations on bio-economics in 2016–2023. It was pointed out that for bio-economics development we need not only the generation of effective bio-technologies but also their translation – knowledge proliferation. Traditionally these functions are realized mainly through system of personnel training, which gives an opportunity to train highly-qualified workers capable of maintaining effectiveness of production forces at the advanced level. In view of this the present article compiled a sample of 36 Russian universities by ‘Bio-technology and bio-engineering’ and ‘Ecology’ ratings. In addition 10 more universities were included by ‘Economics’ rating. The entry of each university was fixed for subsequent visualization by cartography in order to find regions of prospective development of inter-disciplinary and convergent education programs. Later on a broader sample of leading home universities research was conducted on education programs aimed at training qualified personnel for developing ecologic bio-technologies based on new knowledge. Findings of the research demonstrate that Russia has got prospects for effective development of bioeconomics based on ecologic bio-technologies.
Lean Production as Mechanism of Enterprise Management
Authors: Lekareva Ju. S. , Remizova V. F.
Published: May 2024

Maintenance of lean production is a system that consists of tools (methods) aimed at creating and incrementing values, struggle with losses, optimization of enterprise work, cutting prime cost and raising quality of products, development of responsible attitude of personnel to changes. For any industrial enterprise it is important how to minimize losses and increase value of products. Today lean production is not only a managerial practice but also a subject of academic research. In spite of a long history lean production due to its modification capacity is considered an innovation concept. The article characterized lean production as a managerial mechanism of the enterprise, showed reasons for managerial problem arising and provided ways of their resolving. Special attention is paid to methodology of lean enterprise mechanism and principles of maintaining its work. The authors showed stages of starting-up the mechanism of lean production at the enterprise. According to the authors, problems of raising quality and cutting prime cost of products can be solved with lean production as a managerial mechanism. The present research can help elaborate the program of maintaining the work of lean production mechanism and use the algorithm at the enterprise.