bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Anterolateral Ligament Status and Inherent Knee Anatomy on Anterior Tibial Subluxation of the Lateral Compartment After Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Cohort Study Based on MRI Analysis
Authors: Zheng Tong , Song Guanyang , Wang Chao , Li Yue , Zhang Zhijun , Cao Yanwei , Feng Zheng , Di Menglinqian , Zhang Hui
Published: February 2023

Background:

Anterior tibial subluxation (ATS) of the lateral compartment entails a pathological tibiofemoral alignment in knees with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Causes of increased ATS after an acute ACL injury are not clear, but soft tissue abnormalities and bony variations of the knee are potential causes.

Purpose:

To determine whether increased ATS of the lateral compartment in knees with acute ACL injury is associated with (1) anterolateral ligament (ALL) status and (2) inherent anatomy of the lateral femoral condyle (LFC) and lateral tibial plateau (LTP).

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 337 patients with clinically diagnosed ACL injuries treated between September 2019 and August 2021 were retrospectively reviewed, and 119 patients with acute ACL injury were included. Of them, 79 patients with impaired ALL (ALL injury group) and 40 patients with intact ALL (ALL intact group) were identified based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The ATS of the lateral compartment measured on MRI was compared between the 2 groups. The bony anatomy of knees, quantified by the LFC length, LFC height, LTP length, and LTP slope, was also evaluated on MRI and correlated with the ATS with partial correlation coefficients. Multivariate linear regression was used to identify the independent predictors of increased ATS.

Results:

The ATS of the lateral compartment in the ALL injury group was significantly larger than that in the ALL intact group (6.3 mm vs 4.0 mm, respectively; P = .001). In all included patients, the presence of ALL injuries independently predicted a mean increase in ATS of 1.8 mm ( P = .003). In the ALL injury group, ATS was significantly correlated with LFC length ( r = 0.463; P < .001), LFC height ( r = −0.415; P < .001), and LTP slope ( r = 0.453; P < .001); further, a 1-mm increase in LFC length, 1-mm decrease in LFC height, and 1° increase in LTP slope independently predicted a mean increase in ATS of 0.7 mm ( P < .001), 0.6 mm ( P < .001), and 0.5 mm ( P < .001), respectively. In the ALL intact group, there was no significant correlation between ATS and any bony parameter.

Conclusion:

An impaired ALL increased the ATS of the lateral compartment after acute ACL injuries. In patients with combined ALL injuries, a flatter LFC and a steeper LTP in the sagittal plane were predictors of a further increase in ATS.
A Propensity-Matched Cohort Assessing Impact of a Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody in Mild-to-Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Abbas Malak , Farhat Nada , Hammoud Zainab , Dickey Curtis , Shuayto Ali , Chen Nai-Wei , Hsaiky Lama M , Sims Matthew , Sengstock David , Schramski Joseph , Shamoon Zafar
Published: February 2023

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoaV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In randomized clinical trials, patients who were treated with the anti-spike monoclonal antibody bamlanivimab had fewer COVID-19-related hospitalizations or emergency department (ED) visits than the control group. Methods: A retrospective cohort was assembled across a multisite healthcare system between November 20, 2020 and March 31, 2021. Ambulatory COVID-19 patients treated with bamlanivimab (n = 209) were propensity score matched without replacement (1:1) to a pool of 1024 eligible control patients who received similar care without bamlanivimab. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality or admission at 30 days. Secondary endpoints included hospitalization, critical care admission, oxygenation requirements, and infusion-related reactions. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to assess the effect of bamlanivimab infusion on the composite endpoint and secondary endpoints. Results: A total of n = 209 matched patients were included in each arm of the study. The absolute standardized difference ( stddiff) was calculated and indicated a balance between the groups. Almost all variables had a stddiff of less than 0.10, except for respiratory rate (RR) ( stddiff = −0.11). For the primary composite endpoint of the matched cohort, 10.1% (n = 21) of patients in the intervention group were hospitalized or deceased within 30-day postbamlanivimab infusion versus 27.8% (n = 58) in the control group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17 to 0.51, P < .001). Conclusion: Patients with ambulatory COVID-19 who received bamlanivimab in the outpatient setting had a statistically significant reduction on the odds of admission postinfusion. Despite bamlanivimab's lack of efficacy on newer SARS-CoV-2 variants, this study demonstrates that neutralizing monoclonal antibodies can be effective against specific variants. If variant identification becomes a more accessible tool in outpatient centers or EDs, more targeted therapeutic options may be considered.
Do (Not!) Track Me: Relationship Between Willingness to Participate and Sample Composition in Online Information Behavior Tracking Research
Authors: Gil-López Teresa , Christner Clara , de León Ernesto , Makhortykh Mykola , Urman Aleksandra , Maier Michaela , Adam Silke
Published: February 2023

This paper offers a critical look at the promises and drawbacks of a popular, novel data collection technique—online tracking—from the point of view of sample composition. Using data from two large-scale studies about political attitudes and information consumption behavior carried out in Germany and Switzerland, we find that the likelihood of participation in a tracking study at several critical dropout points is systematically related to the gender, age, and education of participants, with men, young, and more educated participants being less likely to dropout of the studies. Our findings also show that these patterns are incremental, as changes in sample composition accumulate over successive study stages. Political interest and ideology were also significantly related to the likelihood of participation in tracking research. The study explores some of the most common concerns associated with tracking research leading to non-participation, finding that they also differ across demographic groups. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Different or Differentiated? Recoupling Policy and Practice in an Era of Accountability
Authors: Kenney Allison W. , Dulong Langley Susan , Hemmler Vonna , Callahan Carolyn M. , Gubbins E. Jean , Siegle Del
Published: February 2023

Differentiation is an instructional practice teachers employ to modify their classroom content, process, and products based on student readiness, interest, and learning profile. Many school districts recognize the benefits of differentiated instruction and thus mandate allotted classroom time for its implementation. In this article, we investigate how teachers in one such district resolved differentiation policy to practice in a high-stakes testing environment. We found, during the designated time for differentiation, teachers regularly remediated small groups but did not similarly address the academic needs of advanced students, thus not enacting the disciplinary standard for differentiation. We suggest teachers are recoupling practice and policy but misaligning it to the disciplinary definition of differentiation, which we contend has broader implications for instructional policymaking.
Comprehensive CO2 emissions analysis and optimization of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
Authors: Chen Daxin , Chen Tao , Feng Yifang
Published: February 2023

Fuel and grid have different life-cycle carbon emission intensities, which makes plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have great low-carbon potential. To reduce carbon emissions during PHEV driving, the energy allocation of PHEV based on carbon intensity is studied. The energy life cycle carbon emissions factors are collected and energy management strategies (EMS) are developed. A power-split PHEV model is established to analyze carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Carbon emissions factors calculate the carbon emissions of each power flow. Simulation research is carried out using Tianjin and Yunnan’s energy structure as an example. The equivalent CO2 emission minimum strategy (ECEMS) is established by optimizing the hybrid mode in the Rule-based strategy. Based on ECEMS, the improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to optimize the rules of hybrid mode switching. As a comparison, the same method but a different goal is used to optimize energy consumption. The results show that the lowest energy consumption does not mean the lowest carbon emission. CO2 emissions in different scenarios are reduced by 7.1%–31.7%, but the energy consumption is increased.
Youth custody is no place for mentally ill children and young people
Authors: Haysom Leigh , Kasinathan John , Singh Yolisha
Published: February 2023

Objective

We review issues with incarcerating mentally ill children and young people in Australia, highlighting key demographics, rates of mental disorders, consideration of brain development, developmental trauma and children’s experiences of custody.

Methods

Population relevant literature will be outlined as applicable.

Results

Children and adolescents in custody have high rates of mental illness, cognitive impairment and comorbid diagnoses. Childhood adversity and trauma impacts on psychosocial development from an early age. Almost half of all young people in custody are First Nations children, a 20 times over-representation. Youth custody is frequently experienced as an additional trauma for young people. Mental health diversion into community treatment is effective and reduces costs to young people, their families, communities and society generally.

Conclusion

Youth custody is an inappropriate setting for children and young people with mental disorders, and can be further traumatising. Economic and health benefits for mental health diversion away from youth custody are manifest.
Newly approved and forthcoming T-cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Granger Katelynn , Gaffney Kelly J , Davis James A
Published: February 2023

Objective

Summarize the background, clinical trials, and place in therapy for the newly Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved and forthcoming bispecific antibodies for relapsed/refractory (R/R) multiple myeloma.

Data Sources

A search of the PubMed database was conducted using the following search terms: B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), teclistamab, myeloma, BsAbs, GPRC5D, and bispecific. Ongoing clinical trials as well as abstracts from ASH and ASCO evaluating the efficacy and safety of novel agents were evaluated. Prescribing information was also reviewed.

For patients with R/R multiple myeloma who have failed available therapies, treatment options are limited and survival is short. The FDA recently approved teclistamab, a T-cell-redirecting bispecific antibody, in patients with R/R multiple myeloma who have failed four prior lines of therapy. Teclistamab targets both CD3 expressed on T-cells and BCMA expressed on the surface of myeloma cells, mediating T-cell activation and lysis of plasma cells that express BCMA. Accelerated approval was granted based upon the results of the MajesTEC-1 study, which showed a durable response in a high proportion of heavily pretreated patients. Teclistamab is the first bispecific antibody approved for use in patients with multiple myeloma and the fourth approved agent targeting BCMA. Additional T-cell redirecting bispecific antibodies for use in multiple myeloma are also currently being studied.

Conclusion

Teclistamab is the newest agent granted FDA approval for use in R/R multiple myeloma and represents a promising new option for patients. Ongoing trials are investigating teclistamab and other novel bispecific antibodies in the upfront and R/R setting.
Prevalence of hypersomatotropism and hyperthyroidism in cats with diabetes mellitus from referral centers in Buenos Aires (2020–2022)
Authors: Miceli Diego D , García Jorge D , Rey Amunategui Juan P , Pompili Gustavo A , Rial Laura A , Más Javier , Molina Estela M , Pignataro Omar P
Published: February 2023

Objectives

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hypersomatotropism (HST) and hyperthyroidism in cats with diabetes mellitus (DM) from referral centers in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Methods

This was a prospective study. Systematic screening of serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and total thyroxine was performed in all cats diagnosed with DM at referral centers in Buenos Aires between February 2020 and February 2022.

Results

In total, 154 diabetic cats were evaluated (99 males and 55 females; median age 12 years [range 3–21]; mean body weight 5 kg [range 2–12]). Altogether, there were 115 (75%) domestic shorthairs and one domestic longhair; the remaining 38 cats were purebred (mainly Siamese, n = 25 [16%]). Twenty (12.9%) cats had IGF-1 concentrations >1000 ng/ml, and three (1.9%) had IGF-1 concentrations between 800 and 1000 ng/ml along with pituitary enlargement on CT, resulting in a 14.9% HST prevalence rate in diabetic cats. Intracranial imaging was performed in all cats with HST; median pituitary dorsoventral height was 5.8 mm (range 3.1–9.5). Fourteen of 23 (61%) cats had phenotypic changes consistent with acromegaly at the time of diagnosis of HST. Four of 154 (2.5%) cats had concurrent hyperthyroidism.

Conclusions and relevance

To date, this is the first study outside of Europe to have evaluated the prevalence of HST and hyperthyroidism in cats with DM. In Buenos Aires referral centers, feline HST is the most common concurrent endocrinopathy in cats with DM but with a lower prevalence than has previously been reported. Hyperthyroidism is a rare concurrent endocrinopathy in diabetic cats from referral centers in Buenos Aires.
Anatomy of the distal radioulnar ligament in cats
Authors: Basa Rachel M , Canfield Paul J , Walsh William R , Johnson Kenneth A
Published: February 2023

Objectives

The aim of this study was to describe the anatomy of the distal radioulnar ligament in the cat, using gross and histological sections from cadaveric feline carpi.

Methods

Eight feline cadaveric distal radioulnar joints were included in the study, including six that were paraffin- and two that were polymethyl methacrylate-embedded. Each of the sections of the distal radioulnar joint and ligament were viewed macroscopically and microscopically using a dissection microscope and a standard light microscope with polarising capacity.

Results

On gross examination, the distal radioulnar ligament could be seen as a triangular-shaped structure extending between the dorsal surface of the distal radius and ulna. The centre of the ligament had a greater density of tightly packed collagen fibres, while fibrocartilage was identified at the site of both the radial and ulnar entheses. Articular cartilage was noted to extend to the most proximal part of the bulbous portion of the distal ulna and corresponding axial aspect of the distal radius.

Conclusions and relevance

In the cat, there appears to be a less extensive interosseous component of the distal radioulnar ligament compared with the dog and cheetah. Instead, the ligament follows the articular surfaces of the distal radius and ulna. These anatomical differences may account for increased rotation of the feline antebrachium and have clinical implications, particularly with regard to the management of antebrachiocarpal joint injuries.
Computer-assisted evaluation of retinal vessel tortuosity in moderate-to-late preterm children
Authors: Raffa Lina , Abudawd Ola , Bugshan Nada , Fageeh Samiha , Ramos Lucia , Novo Jorge , Rouco Jose , Ortega Marcos
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Since very preterm children often have increased retinal tortuosity that may indicate decisive architectural changes in the systemic microvascular network, we used a new semi-automatic software to measure retinal vessel tortuosity on fundus digital images of moderate-to-late preterm (MLP) children.

Methods

In this observational case-control study, the global and local tortuosity parameters of retinal vessels were evaluated on fundus photographs of 36 MLP children and 36 age- and sex-matched controls. The associations between birth parameters and parameters reflecting retinal vessel tortuosity were evaluated using correlation analysis.

Results

Even after incorporation of anatomical factors, the global and local tortuosity parameters were not significantly different between groups. The MLP group showed a smaller arteriolar caliber (0.53  ±  0.2) than the controls (0.56  ±  0.2; p  =  0.013). Other local tortuosity parameters, such as vessel length, distance to fovea, and distance to optic disc, were not significantly different between arteries and veins. Tortuosity in both groups was higher among vessels closer to the fovea (r  =  -0.077, p < 0.001) and the optic disc (r  =  -0.0544, p  =  0.009). Global tortuosity showed a weakly positive correlation with gestational age and a weakly negative correlation with birth weight in both groups.

Conclusion

MLP patients did not display increased vessel tortuosity in comparison with the controls; however, the arteriolar caliber in the MLP group was smaller than that in children born full-term. Larger studies should confirm this finding and explore associations between cardiovascular and metabolic status and retinal vessel geometry in MLP children.
Destination brand experience, brand positioning, and intention to visit: A multi-destination comparison study
Authors: Lin Shuang , Xu Shuangyu , Liu Yue , Zhang Liyin
Published: February 2023

Brand experience, critical to the success of businesses, is well studied in marketing research. However, little is known about its effect on building advantages of competitive differentiation and brand positioning, especially in the tourism field. This study investigated the applicability of a well-established brand experience model from marketing research through a comparative study across multiple destinations. Factor analysis and cluster analysis were utilized to examine the effect of destination brand experience on tourist perception of destinations and regression analysis was utilized to examine the effect of four dimensions of destination brand experience on tourists' visit intention. Results showed that tourists perceived differently on all four dimensions of their brand experiences across different destinations. The sensory and affective dimensions of destination brand experience have positive effects on tourists' visit intention. This study provides marketing intelligence for destinations to create strong differentiated advantages and achieve precise brand positioning.
Assessment of an E10 gasoline surrogate: Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of in-cylinder spray morphology
Authors: Kim Namho , Reuss Dave L , Sjöberg Magnus
Published: February 2023

A minimum-component gasoline fuel surrogate that captures both chemical and physical behaviors of a full-distillate fuel is needed for high-fidelity CFD simulations. This study evaluates gasoline spray characteristics in a direct-injection spark-ignition engine under motored operation. Two fuels are compared; PACE-20, which is a 9-component surrogate formulation of RD5-87, is compared with its target fuel RD5-87, which is a full-boiling range research grade E10 gasoline. The spray morphologies of both fuels are recorded for a centrally-located direct-injection 8-hole spray subject to intake air cross-flow during the early part of the intake stroke. High-speed imaging recorded scattered light of the side and axial projections of the liquid spray. Quantitative metrics were developed and employed to facilitate comparison of spray morphologies as well as to identify the transition in spray morphology due to flash boiling. This paper builds on a previous study of RD5-87 where coolant temperature (20°C–100°C), in-cylinder pressure (40–110 kPa), engine speed (650–1950 rpm), and injection pressure (60–180 bar) were systematically changed to span operating conditions with and without flash boiling. Images of the PACE-20 morphology are selected for a sub-set of operating conditions from the previous study where distinctive morphology changes occurred. Visual inspection of the images and quantitative metrics demonstrate that the PACE-20 spray morphology is equivalent to that of the RD5-87 in most cases. The exception was for changes in the ambient-gas pressure where the flash-boiling transition occurred at ∼5 kPa higher in-cylinder pressure for PACE-20. Three empirical metrics, Merging Index, Asymmetry, and Flash Index are proposed here and they were found to be useful both as quantitative comparisons of the fuel morphologies, and for identifying the transition in spray morphology due to flash boiling.
Agencing the digitalised marketer: Exploring the boundary workers at the cross-road of (e)merging markets
Authors: Ryan Annmarie , Stigzelius Ingrid , Mejri Olfa , Hopkinson Gill , Hussien Fairouz
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we study the formation of a new market actor, the digitalised marketer, which emerges at the boundary between strategy- and data-driven marketing. Building on constructivist market studies, we draw attention to the notion of agencing as boundary work and the range of boundary workers in the agencement of which the marketer is part. Drawing on 63 interviews with marketing professionals from multiple contexts, we reveal the difficulties to keep a pace with the plethora of digital marketing tools and highlight the emerging ‘market for digital marketing’ as a key device in the agencing of the digitalised marketer. We present two modes of agencing work, prosthetic and habilitative, to conceptualise how digitalised markets and platforms concurrently enable and captivate marketers’ agency, but also how marketers and their peer networks contest these limits and expand the space for action. This contribution serves to extend the recognised need to reconnect marketing with markets, to also acknowledge how markets are connected to the shaping of marketing and its actors. Implications for theory, practice and marketing education are discussed as we seek to capacitate marketers to operate in an increasingly digitalised environment.
The role of locus of control in mediating the relationship between nontraditional factors and academic entitlement
Authors: Crone Travis S , Babb Stephanie J
Published: February 2023

The current study further explored the relationship between nontraditional students and academic entitlement. Previous research has established that the presence of more nontraditional factors predicts lower levels of reported academic entitlement. The mechanisms responsible for this connection have not been explored though. The current study examined the impact of locus of control on the relationship between nontraditional factors and academic entitlement. Participants ( N = 332) were asked to report their status on seven nontraditional factors and then completed measures exploring locus of control, academic entitlement, work engagement, and academic motivation. Analyses revealed that nontraditional factors predicted lower levels of external locus of control and external locus of control was negatively correlated with academic entitlement. Evidence for partial mediation was found for this relationship. The impact of these findings on nontraditional students, retention, and academic interventions is discussed.
“Fear the Old Blood”: The Gothicism of Bloodborne
Authors: Mukherjee Hiranya
Published: February 2023

Gothic studies and Game studies are beginning to be explored in connection with each other to find various configurations of Gothic elements in the cybertext of games. In this article, I explore various Gothic elements in Bloodborne. My methodology incorporates the analysis of the manifestation of Gothicism in the game through the interplay between the figure of the player character, miseen-scène, and the presence of psychologically affective states pertaining to the experience of playing the game. The role and aspects of player participation, performativity, and in-game mechanics are also examined with respect to the particular function they serve in the realization of the Gothic experience. The presence of Gothic and Lovecraftian tropes, symbolism, and elements of horror within the narrative are also explored.
Clinical and Histological Features of Prosthetic Joint Infections May Differ in Patients With Inflammatory Arthritis and Osteoarthritis
Authors: Sculco Peter , Kapadia Milan , Moezinia Carine J. , Mannstadt Insa , Miller Andy O. , Donlin Laura , Henry Michael , Russell Linda , Figgie Mark , Nocon Allina , Pannellini Tania , Goodman Susan M.
Published: February 2023

Background: Patients with inflammatory arthritis are at increased risk of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs), but diagnosis in these patients can be challenging because active inflammatory arthritis produces elevated inflammatory markers that may mimic those seen in PJI. Purpose: In this pilot study, we sought to identify the clinical, microbiologic, and histopathologic features of culture-positive and culture-negative PJI in patients with inflammatory arthritis who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We also sought to obtain preliminary data to support a definitive study of optimal methods for PJI diagnosis in patients with inflammatory arthritis. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of TKA and THA patients treated for PJI from 2009 to 2018 at a single tertiary care orthopedic institution. Data were extracted from a longitudinally maintained hospital infection database. We reviewed hematoxylin and eosin slides of osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthritis PJI cases matched 3:1, respectively, by age, sex, and culture status. Clinical characteristics were evaluated using the Fisher exact test, χ2 test, Student t test, and Mann-Whitney U test where appropriate. Results: A total of 807 PJI cases were identified (36 inflammatory arthritis and 771 osteoarthritis cases). Patients with inflammatory arthritis presented younger, had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index, more frequently used glucocorticoids, were more likely women, and had a higher proportion of culture-negative PJI compared with osteoarthritis patients. Of the 88 inflammatory arthritis cases reviewed for histopathology, a higher proportion of culture-positive than culture-negative PJI cases had >10 polymorphonuclear leucocytes per high-power field and met Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria but presented with less chronic inflammation. Conclusions: This retrospective prognostic study suggests that culture-negative PJI may be more frequent in patients with inflammatory arthritis than in those with osteoarthritis. Chronic infections, antibiotic use, or misdiagnosis may be contributing factors to unclear PJI diagnoses among culture-negative cases. This preliminary work supports the need for further studies to assess the differences in clinical features between culture-negative and culture-positive PJI in patients with inflammatory arthritis and the ability of biological diagnostic markers to discriminate between them in this population.
Proximal Plate Migration After Internal Fixation of a Pediatric Distal Radius Fracture
Authors: Barr Meaghan L. , Jain Nirbhay S. , Bunting Haley , Benhaim Prosper
Published: February 2023

We present a case of a 26-year-old right-hand-dominant male stage manager who underwent open reduction internal fixation of right open both-bone forearm fractures at the age of 13. The patient presented 13 years and 8 months later with proximal hardware migration, soft tissue erosion, and subsequent hardware exposure. The patient underwent hardware removal with resolution of pain and improvement in range of motion. To the best of our knowledge, this complication has not been published before.
Bone Morphology and Vascular Supply of Pedicled Distal Radius Bone Using Nano-Computed Tomography
Authors: Davenport Ryan O. , Locke Conor S. , Gundlach Benjamin K. , Greenstein Joseph A. , Goulet Robert W. , Jepson Karl J. , Lien John R.
Published: February 2023

Background:

The goal of this study was to use nano-computed tomography to describe the intraosseous vascularity and structural characteristics of commonly used distal radius vascularized bone grafts for treatment of scaphoid nonunion.

Methods:

We obtained 8 fresh frozen human cadaver forearm specimens for infusion of barium contrast. Specimens were scanned and segmented to quantify the vascular volume and trabecular density within 3 common graft regions, including 1, 2 intercompartmental supraretinacular artery (1,2 ICSRA), fourth extensor compartment artery (4 ECA), and volar carpal artery (VCA), as well as thirds of the scaphoid. Outcomes also included mean and maximum cortical thickness and number of cortical perforators. Single-specimen analyses were also performed comparing vascularity and trabecular density of each graft with scaphoid regions of a single specimen. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey testing when P value was less than .05.

Results:

There was no significant difference between groups in the mean percent vascularity ( P = .76). The ratio of trabecular bone in each graft to scaphoid thirds was less than 1. The mean cortical thickness (0.79 mm, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-0.93 mm) and maximum cortical thickness (1.45 mm, 95% CI, 1.27-1.63 mm) of VCA grafts were both significantly greater than those of 4 ECA and 1,2 ICSRA ( P < .001).

Conclusions:

There were no differences between vascular density of the 3 grafts and the scaphoid. Pedicled distal radius bone grafts have similar vascularity but morphometric differences such as cortical thickness and trabecular density which have unclear clinical implications.
The Medial Femoral Trochlea Osteochondral Flap for Scaphoid Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sivakumar Brahman , Lawson Richard , Graham David J.
Published: February 2023

Background:

The medial femoral trochlea flap has been used to resurface scaphoids with recalcitrant proximal pole fractures or avascular necrosis, providing vascularized osteochondral tissue with similar morphological characteristics. This article aims to review the contemporary literature on its use for scaphoid reconstruction.

Methods:

A systematic review of Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and MEDLINE assessed the use of medial femoral trochlea flaps in scaphoids.

Results:

Eight studies were included, with 76 patients at a mean age of 26 years. Forty-three patients underwent clinical review, and 10 patients underwent radiographic evaluation, at a mean 23.3 months of follow-up. Flaps were generally performed for proximal pole fractures, avascular necrosis, nonunion, or failure of prior fixation; 94.4% of the flaps united. No marked change in sagittal plane motion was noted; reductions were seen in axial and coronal plane motion. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores improved from a mean of 25.2 to 11.5. Radiographic markers also improved. A total of 12.3% of patients had unplanned return to theater. Three patients required early revision for vascular thrombosis, and 1 patient suffered a volar carpal dislocation. Three patients underwent salvage procedures for ongoing pain.

Conclusions:

Although technically demanding, promising early-term to medium-term results are noted with the use of medial femoral trochlea flaps in the scaphoid.
Packing density and the angiographic results of coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hassankhani Amir , Ghozy Sherief , Bilgin Cem , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Kallmes David F
Published: February 2023

Background

Endovascular coil embolization (ECE) for intracranial aneurysms has been proven as an effective minimally invasive treatment. However, the aneurysm recanalization after coiling is a serious complication of this technique. Among all the proposed factors associated with recanalization, the impact of packing density (PD) is still controversial.

Objective

To clarify the role of PD in the aneurysm recanalization following ECE, via conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases, until November 28, 2022, by adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines. Considering the eligibility criteria, all the studies reporting the outcomes of interest were included. Data elements of interest were extracted and analyzed using R software version 4.2.1.

Results

The pooled analysis of the 17 eligible papers revealed a 29% higher PD of the nonrecanalized aneurysms (ROM = 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18–1.40, p < 0.001), even after removing outlier studies to reduce heterogeneity. However, the pooled estimates from multivariable regression models within nine included studies showed no significant effect of PD on recanalization odds when incorporated into a multivariable model with other predictors (odds ratio [OR] = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.84–1.02, p = 0.126), even after removing outlier studies.

Conclusion

The current literature does not support PD as a significant predictor of aneurysm treatment outcomes, especially with adjusting for other variables. This finding necessitates further prospective multicenter studies with a larger sample size to overcome the current methodological shortcomings.
The impacts of SphK1 on inflammatory response and oxidative stress in LPS-induced ALI/ARDS
Authors: Chao-shun Wei , Xiao-Li Wang
Published: February 2023

As severe conditions, acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) threaten human health. Inflammation and oxidative stress play a vital role in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) significantly contributes to mediating inflammatory responses. Nevertheless, the impact of SphK1 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered ALI/ARDS remains largely undetermined. In our current work, we explored the impact of SphK1 on ALI/ARDS using a mouse model. We studied whether it could reduce LPS-triggered inflammatory response and oxidative stress by suppressing SphK1 in ALI/ARDS. The mice were treated with the inhibitor of SphK1 (N,N-dimethylsphingosine, DMS) before intraperitoneal injection of LPS. Moreover, we assessed the survival rate, and several parameters, such as the lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and the release of inflammatory cytokines. Western blotting analysis was adopted to evaluate the levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine kinase (AKT) pathways. We showed that the inhibitor of SphK1 not only ameliorated LPS-stimulated lung histopathological changes and W/D ratio of lung tissue but also elevated the survival rate, the SOD activity and decreased the MDA content, MPO activity, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-ɑ (TNF-ɑ) production by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in lung tissue. Taken together, SphK1 played an essential role in inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. The underlying mechanism might be linked to the activation and up-regulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in LPS-triggered ALI/ARDS.
Fish peduncle response during forward and backward propulsion
Authors: Alam Md. Mahbub
Published: February 2023

Fish is the master of fluid control, with high propulsive efficiency and great maneuverability. Carps are chosen for observations since they are the typical carangiform fish. We add some external stimuli on the fish and observe their responses. It is found that a fish attempts to escape backward or forward depending on the stimuli. The fish tries a greater number of its tail oscillations in a forward escape than in a backward escape. In the case of a forward escape, the retract stroke where the tail gets a concave shape (suitable for higher thrust generation) is faster than the forward stroke where the tail takes a convex shape (suitable for smaller drag), while vice versa in the case of a backward escape. Becoming concave or convex shapes of the tail and being faster or slower strokes all correspond to enhancing fluid momentum in the forward or backward directions where appropriate. The traveling wave of the body propagates backward and forward for the forward and backward escapes, respectively. The results provide a reference for bionic fish design and simulation.
Management of psychiatric treatments of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder in the COVID-19 pandemic: A one-year evaluation in the pandemic
Authors: Kaya Hasan , Civan Kahve Aybeniz , Darben Azarsız Yagmur , Ayaz Naycı Nagihan , İleri Akdoğan Turceun , Goka Erol
Published: February 2023

Objective

The course of bipolar disorder (BD) is sensitive to factors that may disrupt biological and social rhythms. It is important for patients diagnosed with BD to continue their follow-up and treatment during the pandemic due to personal and social effects. This study aimed to evaluate the disease course and treatment compliance of individuals diagnosed with BD during the pandemic.

Methods

A total of 267 patients with BD were included in the study. The scales were applied by phone calls. A sociodemographic data form was filled out during the phone interviews. Diagnostic criteria for hypomanic, manic, and depressive episodes in DSM-5 were questioned and recorded through the created form.

Results

During the first of the pandemic, a total of 72 (27.0%) patients had a mood episode, of which 56 (21.0%) were manic/hypomanic episodes and 16 (6.0%) depressive episodes. Also, 54.7% of the patients were able to obtain their medications thanks to the extended medication reports. Being unable to use their medications regularly, having a seasonal pattern of disease, and using an increased number of psychotropics were significant predictors of a new episode. While 74.5% of the patients wanted to talk to their psychiatrists online, only 1.1% could reach the psychiatrist online.

Discussion

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are particularly evident in patients with a seasonal pattern. Telepsychiatry practices should be actively included in clinical practice, and government policies developed for treatment compliance seem important.
Positionality and Its Problems: Questioning the Value of Reflexivity Statements in Research
Authors: Savolainen Jukka , Casey Patrick J. , McBrayer Justin P. , Schwerdtle Patricia Nayna
Published: February 2023

There has been a remarkable push for the use of positionality statements—also known as reflexivity statements—in scientific-journal articles and other research literatures. Grounded in reputable philosophical traditions, positionality statements are meant to address genuine concerns about the limits of knowledge production. However, there are at least three reasons why they should be avoided in scholarship. First, it is impossible to construct credible positionality statements because they are constrained by the very positionality they seek to address. Second, positionality statements are unnecessary because reducing bias—positional or otherwise—in scientific literatures does not hinge on the biographical details of individual scholars but on the integrity of the collective process of truth-seeking. Third, by asking scholars to disclose information about themselves, positionality statements undermine the very norms and practices that safeguard the impartiality of research. Instead of asking individual scholars to issue subjective declarations about their positionalities, scholarly communities should focus on improving the rules of intersubjective competition at the heart of scientific progress. In our view, the most productive path to increasing representation and reducing positional bias in research is to protect the freedom of scholarly inputs while insisting on methodological transparency and rigor.
Intermammary breast cancer: A rare case of cancer with origin of breast cells in an unusual location
Authors: Aghajanzadeh Manouchehr , Torabi Hossein , Najafi Behrouz , Talebi Pedram , Shirini Kasra
Published: February 2023

The most common type of cancer among the female population is breast cancer. The most common site for the occurrence of breast cancer is the upper outer quadrant; the upper inner quadrant is the second site, and both the lower outer and the lower inner quadrants are in the third place. This problem is rarely seen in the central portion. Intermammary metastasis due to breast cancer is an infrequent finding. This article presents a 62-year-old lady who presented to the surgical ward with intermammary swelling that appeared suddenly 3 months ago. Ultrasound examination showed a hypoechoic micro-lobulated mass with internal vascularity on the chest wall. Although core needle biopsy suspected invasive ductal carcinoma, both right and left axillary lymph nodes were normal and free. The patient was consulted by an oncologist who recommended radiotherapy before surgery and chemotherapy before and after surgery. This study aims to report and discuss a rare case of intermammary cancer with the origin of breast cells without breast and axillary lymph node involvement. Although the intermammary region is an extremely rare location where breast cancer could occur, its management strategy is the same as other breast cancers.
Psoas Hematoma After Posterior Lumbar Interbody fusion: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Shi Guan , Zhang Liang , Chen Hao , Su Tianhao , Jia Pu , Feng Fei , Chen Mengmeng , Bao Li
Published: February 2023

Introduction

This article introduced the management of a case with severe left lower extremity pain and forced hip flexion after posterior lumbar interbody fusion and a final diagnosis of left psoas hematoma.

Materials and methods

Here we reported a case of a 65-year-old female received posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) for L4-L5 spondylolisthesis and L4 instability. On the postoperative day one, the hemoglobin level decreased from 108 g/L to 78 g/L. Meanwhile, the patient presented low back pain and inner thigh radiating pain (VAS pain scale = 8). The pain was so severe that it could be barely relieved by keeping left hip in flexion position. On the postoperative day 6, the pain was still severe even after taking mecobalamin, ankylosaurus, dehydrant agents and central pain relievers(VAS pain scale = 9). Computed Tomography indicated a left intramuscular hematoma image extending down to the left iliac fossa. Active hemorrhage of lumbar segmental arterial was detected by B-ultrasound. The patient then received vascular embolization under angiography on the postoperative day 7.

Results

The pain in the low back and inner thigh were significantly relieved after the procedure (VAS3-4). On the postoperative day nineteen, the left hip can be fully extended, but the patient was still not able to stand on left leg without a walking stick. On the postoperative day 27, she was able to walk independently.

Discussion

The main reason for the complication was the second conical dilation channel slipped and entered the lateral side of the vertebral body along the transverse process. After timely embolization, pain was significantly relieved and muscle strength was improved.

Conclusions

Angiographic embolization is an effective treatment for psoas hematoma after posterior lumbar interbody fusion.
Predictive Analysis of Air Pollution Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Israfil Mohd. Afaque , Bhatnagar Shubhangi , Juneja Gaurang , Upreti Kamal , Rao Balram
Published: February 2023

Air pollution is a major source of worry for all living things. India has one of the world’s highest levels of air pollution. Rising population, unplanned growth, increased automotive traffic, stubble burning, industrial waste, fossil fuel combustion, powerplant emissions and a variety of other causes all contribute considerably to air pollution in developing countries. Particulate matter (PM) 2.5 is the most concerning of all air pollutants since it causes major health problems in individuals. Prediction and management of air quality have therefore become critical. Several machine learning algorithms were used in this work to examine dataset results. The results of our work suggest that for future predictions, logistic regression and autoregression can be efficaciously utilised for the analysis and forecasting of levels of PM2.5 in the future. Countries can lower the prevalence of strokes, and chronic and acute respiratory illnesses such as asthma, and lung cancer by reducing air pollution levels.
Role of Women Participation in MGNREGA: A Study in Kethupura Gram Panchayat in Mysuru District, Karnataka
Authors: Peter Pesala
Published: February 2023

The government of India provides a minimum of 100 days of employment through the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA). This act will reduce migration and increase purchasing power parity. Based on the number of work days generated in a household, they can get the returns in terms of wage income. There is no wage discrimination between males and females in this work. The MGNREGA helps the livelihood in rural areas in general and particularly in a drought-prone state like Karnataka. Under this scheme, most of the women, Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) people participated and benefited. Mysuru district was selected for the study. Thirty beneficiary households were selected through interaction with local officers throughout our field visits. Most of the poor, landless labours, marginal and small farmers participated in the MGNREGA scheme. All beneficiaries were having fewer economic assets, and low or marginalized communities participated in the scheme during our study. Among the social groups, SC female average income is higher than the other groups. The overall macro picture says that ST person days are very less as a proportion to their population. The study finds that the majority of the households informed that the participation of females in MGNREGA work is sufficient.
Assessment of Process Evaluations of Complex Stroke Rehabilitation and Secondary Stroke Prevention Trials—A Scoping Review
Authors: Verma Shweta Jain , Gulati Puja , Ratra Sanjali , Pandian Jeyaraj Durai
Published: February 2023

Background

Complexity of interventions and lack of methodological clarity makes process evaluations (PEs) challenging. Assessment of PEs conducted for complex stroke rehabilitation and nonpharmacologic secondary stroke prevention interventions is lacking with only one study conducted for the latter. To address this gap, we conducted a scoping review.

Methods

Development and reporting of review follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for Scoping Reviews. Research questions were identified and search phrases developed according to keywords on 3 electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. All titles and available abstracts were independently reviewed by 2 authors and disagreements settled by other authors. Inclusion criteria centered on complex secondary stroke nonpharmacologic prevention or a rehabilitation trial.

Results

Selected studies (n = 11) were derived from (n = 24) articles reporting on PE of main trial (n = 10). Studies are from 2015 onward with 9 studies for stroke rehabilitation and 1 from secondary stroke prevention, out of these 7 are randomized clinical trials. Medical Research Council’s framework was most widely used with common data collection method being interviews, surveys and log records. More than half of the studies are mobile health based which reveals future for stroke rehabilitation and stroke prevention interventions. We identified 3 themes on qualitative analysis of articles.

Conclusion

Paucity of relevant research studies indicates that more research should be carried out for PEs in stroke rehabilitation and prevention. Researchers in future may find guidance from this review where we support clarity on framework and its elements that helped to evaluate methodology.