bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary Care–Based Interventions to Promote Positive Parenting Behaviors: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Shah Reshma , Kennedy Sarah , Clark Maureen D. , Bauer Sarah C. , Schwartz Alan
Published: April 2016

CONTEXT:

Utilization of primary care settings offers a promising approach to enhance parenting practices that are critical for promoting early childhood development. Determining the impact of existing primary care interventions on key parenting behaviors will aid providers and policy makers as they seek strategies to improve early child outcomes.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the efficacy of primary care–based interventions on parenting practices that promote early child development among children younger than 36 months.

DATA SOURCES:

PubMed, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, PsycINFO, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases were searched electronically.

STUDY SELECTION:

English-language articles that were quasi-randomized or randomized controlled trials, included parents of children <36 months of age, and reported outcomes related to parenting behaviors that promote early child development.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Two reviewers independently extracted data regarding participants, interventions, and outcomes. Quantitative meta-analyses were conducted with random effects for study and fitted with restricted maximum likelihood methods.

RESULTS:

The review included 13 studies reporting parenting outcomes in 2 categories: participation in cognitively stimulating activities and positive parent-child interactions. We found a statistically significant positive effect of primary care–delivered interventions and parent-child interactions (summary standardized mean difference 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06–0.52, P < .0001) and participation in cognitively stimulating activities (summary standardized mean difference 0.34, 95% CI 0.03–0.54; summary odds ratio 0.13, 95% CI 0.01–0.25, P < .0001).

LIMITATIONS:

Limitations included heterogeneity in measures used, outcomes, and timing of assessments.

CONCLUSIONS:

Primary care–based interventions modestly affect positive parenting behaviors important for early childhood development. Randomized controlled trials with comparable outcome measures using standardized assessments are needed to assess further beneficial impacts.
Influence of management systems on the nitrogen mineralization and fertilization of sugarcane
Authors: Delgado Restrepo Oscar Mauricio , Menjivar Flores Juan Carlos , Muñoz Arboleda Fernando
Published: April 2016

In Colombia, nitrogen fertilizer recommendations for sugarcane are based on data obtained with the WalkLey & Black method, but they do not always result in the best yield. In this sense, the present study aimed to compare the results of the determination of fast mineralizable nitrogen (amino sugars), performed with the Illinois Soil Nitrogen test (ISNT) and Direct Steam Distillation method (DSD) for nitrogen recommendations for crops. A complete randomized block design was used with six treatments, adding nitrogen through urea and compost to Pachic haplustoll soils in Valle del Cauca with organic and conventional production systems that were evaluated from 2011 to 2014. The results showed that higher nitrogen mineralization was estimated using ISNT and DSD methodologies than with the Walkley-Black method, and that its content was different depending on the management system. The best methodology that quantified mineralizable N was Direct Steam Distillation (DSD); however for conventional systems sugarcane was Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test (ISNT), showing differences for the variables associated with the production and yield between the tested systems.
Life table of Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) feeding on Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) eggs
Authors: Avellaneda Nieto Jhon Alexander , Cantor Rincón Fernando , Rodriguez Caicedo Daniel
Published: April 2016

To use a natural enemy to control an insect pest, it is important to determine the biological parameters of the native populations of the predator. The goal of this study was determinate the biological parameters of O. insidiosus fed on Sitotroga cerealella eggs. A batch of 225 O. insidiosus eggs were laid into bean pods. The bean pods were kept in glass jars, and the eggs and first instar nymphs were counted daily. All nymphs were extracted and individualized in Petri dishes. The presence/absence of exuvie was observed daily as a way to assess the emergence of adults from the nymphal stage. Seventeen adult couples were placed into Petri dishes with a segment of bean pod. The bean pod segments were extracted and replaced daily, counting the number of eggs present on the pods. The life cycle, survival percentage, sex ratio, male/female longevity, pre ovoposition, ovoposition and post ovoposition periods were determined. Finally, fertility life table parameters were estimated. The nymphal development time was 12.0 ± 0.22 days, with 80.47 % ± 3.23 survival, while the total development time was 15.0 ± 0.23 days, with 66.67 % ± 1.90 survival. Of the total adults that emerged, 30.95 % ± 2.38 were females. The female sex ratio was 0.75, and the oviposition period was 0.86 ± 9.21 days with a total fertility of 60.29 ± 7.39 eggs. The data estimated from the fertility life table were: Ro: 28.26, rm: 0.14, T: 24.26, λ: 1.13 and DT: 5.01.
Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural activities in the Aburra valley Metropolitan Area - Colombia
Authors: Guerra Garcia Deicy Catalina , Osorio Saraz Jairo Alexander , Barahona Rosales Rolando
Published: April 2016

The aim of this study was to estimate emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) generated by the agricultural activities carried out in the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley (AMVA), located in Medellin - Colombia. A TIER 1 approach of the methodology of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC was followed. Emissions of GHG from cropland, aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions from land were estimated and analysis of the uncertainty of activity data and emission factors were made. The estimated total emission was 63.1 and 66 Gg CO2 eq for 2009 and 2011, respectively. The greatest contribution to greenhouse gases in agricultural production was the application of nitrogen to soils in the form of synthetic and organic fertilizers, which was associated with direct and indirect N2O emissions. The main sources of uncertainty were those derived from the activity data.
Editorial
Authors: Cadena Chamorro Edith Marleny
Published: April 2016

Editorial Volumen 69(1) 2016Edith Marleny Cadena ChamorroEditora en jefe
In Memoriam
Authors: Jiménez Narvaez Gustavo , Mendoza de Armas Cesar
Published: April 2016

Se presenta la reseña de dos personajes históricos de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín
Características de la planificación de la escritura en estudiantes con Síndrome de Down
Authors: Gallego Ortega José Luis , Rodríguez Fuentes Antonio
Published: April 2016

La escritura es una habilidad cognitiva compleja de extraordinaria importancia para el desarrollo personal y social de las personas. De ahí que el objetivo de esta investigación fuera conocer cómo planifican la expresión escrita estudiantes con Síndrome de Down que asisten a centros de educación especial en Granada y Jaén (España). Se trata de una investigación de carácter cualitativo fundamentalmente, concebida como un «estudio de caso colectivo» en el que participaron veinticinco chicos y chicas con Síndrome de Down cuyas edades estaban comprendidas entre los 16 y los 21 años. Se utilizó la “entrevista semiestructurada” para obtener los datos y el “análisis de contenido” para interpretarlos. Los resultados obtenidos han revelado cuáles son las estrategias u operaciones de la planificación de la escritura que los y las estudiantes con Síndrome de Down activan durante la elaboración de un texto así como las dificultades más relevantes que encuentran en dicho proceso. Por último, se ofrecen algunas orientaciones didácticas para la enseñanza de la planificación de la escritura.
Palliative Chemotherapy Affects Aggressiveness of End-of-Life Care
Authors: Wu Chin-Chia , Hsu Ta-Wen , Chang Chun-Ming , Lee Cheng-Hung , Huang Chih-Yuan , Lee Ching-Chih
Published: April 2016

Introduction.

Although palliative chemotherapy during end-of-life care is used for relief of symptoms in patients with metastatic cancer, chemotherapy may lead to more aggressive end-of-life care and less use of hospice service. This is a population-based study of the association between palliative chemotherapy and aggressiveness of end-of-life care.

Patients and Methods.

Using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, we identified 49,920 patients with metastatic cancer who underwent palliative chemotherapy from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2011. Patients who received chemotherapy 2–6 months before death were included. Aggressiveness of end-of-life care was examined by previously reported indicators. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and endotracheal tube intubation were included as indicators of aggressive end-of-life care. The association between palliative chemotherapy and hospice care was studied.

Results.

Palliative chemotherapy was associated with more aggressive treatment. After adjustment for patient age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, cancer group, primary physician’s specialty, postdiagnosis survival, hospital characteristics, hospital caseload, urbanization, and geographic regions, more than one emergency room visit (p < .001), more than one intensive care unit admission (p < .001), and endotracheal intubation (p = .02) during end-of-life care were significantly more common in patients receiving palliative chemotherapy. Patients who did not receive palliative chemotherapy received more hospice care in the last 6 months of life (p < .001).

Conclusion.

Although the decision to initiate palliative chemotherapy was made several months before death, this study showed that palliative chemotherapy was associated with more aggressive end-of-life care, including more emergency room visits and intensive care unit admissions, and endotracheal intubation. The patients who received palliative chemotherapy received less hospice service toward the end of life.
Three-dimensional smoothed-particle hydrodynamics simulation of deformation characteristics in slope failure
Authors: An Y. , Wu Q. , Shi C. , LIU Q.
Published: April 2016

This paper presents the development, validation and application of a smoothed-particle hydrodynamics model for three-dimensional (3D) simulation of the evolution of large deformation failure in geo-materials. The Drucker–Prager model with non-associated plastic flow rules is implemented into the smoothed-particle hydrodynamics formulations to describe elasto-plastic soil behaviour. Two typical numerical examples – a two-dimensional (2D) analysis of cohesive slope instability and a 3D simulation for instant collapse of a granular slope – are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method for modelling large deformation of slope failure. Good agreement with experimental observations and previous simulated results is obtained in terms of the profile and internal deformation, respectively. The method is then applied to two special 3D slopes with different geometric configurations, including a curving slope surface and a slope that turns corners. The results suggest that 3D effects should be considered for natural landslides. By influencing the stress status, slope geometries have a significant effect on the final profile, slip surface and distance. The results provide a more accurate and detailed reference for landslide evaluation and foundation ditch design.
PADRÃO DE OCLUSÃO EM PRÓTESE TOTAL: UM DILEMA DA REABILITAÇÃO ORAL
Authors: Frota Priscylla Lima , Bastos Poliana Lima , Gonçalves de Figueiredo Viviane Maria
Published: April 2016

A escolha do padrão de oclusão em próteses totais mucossuportadas é um dilema da reabilitação oral, e cria dúvidas no cirurgião-dentista de que padrão utilizar. Principalmente por esta decisão poder influenciar a estabilidade da prótese total. Com base nesta problemática foi proposta uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema, em que buscou-se artigos nos últimos 5 anos nos sites de busca Pubmed. gov, Google.acadêmico, Scielo. Foram utilizadas as seguintes palavras-chaves Prótese Dentária, Oclusão e Edentulismo. Nesta revisão, os artigos de estudos clínicos e estudos in silico, bem como de revisões de literatura relevantes foram incluídos. Embora muitas vezes o cirurgião-dentista possa ser resistente a utilizar outro tipo de padrão oclusal que não a oclusão balanceada, é importante enfatizar vantagens e desvantagens de arranjos oclusais a fim de retardar a reabsorção do rebordo residual e diminuir a atividade muscular.
O USO DE MEMBRANAS BIOLÓGICAS PARA REGENERAÇÃO ÓSSEA GUIADA EM IMPLANTODONTIA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Boaventura Zumaêta Costa José , Da Silva Fabrício , De Almeida Dultra Christiano , Farias Souza Laís , Nascimento Elyotte dos Santos Maria Clara
Published: April 2016

O expressivo desenvolvimento de biomateriais para utilização em clínica odontológica na última década tem representado um poderoso instrumento terapêutico nas atividades cirúrgicas, especialmente nas correções de defeitos ósseos. A regeneração guiada dos tecidos é uma conduta cirúrgica na qual se utiliza uma barreira artificial – membrana biológica – que evita a migração epitelial para garantir o sucesso da neoformação óssea em áreas de defeitos ósseos. Essas membranas podem ser absorvíveis ou não absorvíveis fato que as tornam diferentes quanto a sua manipulação. Esse artigo discute a utilização da técnica de regeneração óssea guiada bem como as técnicas de colocação, composição, propriedades, vantagens e desvantagens dos materiais a serem utilizados.
The effects of overexpression of human APP on cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons of brain of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Bolshakova Olga Igorevna , Zhuk Anna Aleksandrovna , Rodin Dmitriy Igorevich , Sarantseva Svetlana Vladimirovna , Kislik Galina Alekseevna
Published: April 2016

The influence of APP overexpression on cholinergic and dopaminergic neuronal populations was investigated. The number of cholinergic neurons, which was the same in the control and APP expressing young flies, decreased in the APP expressing flies with age. The number of dopaminergic neurons in APP expressing flies was significantly reduced after the 15th day. Neurodegeneration was followed by the deficit of memory and learning abilities of the flies with APP expression as well as the flies with amyloid-beta-peptide production
Wolbachia Infection among Fleas (Siphonaptera: Insecta) of Sverdlovsk Region and Khabarovsk Territory
Authors: Ilinsky Yury Yuryevich , Yudina Mariya Aleksandrovna , Kalmykova Ekaterina Alekseevna , Bykov Roman Andreyevich , Vysochina Nelya Pavlovna , Vinarskaya Natalya Petrovna , Zakharov Ilya Kuzmich
Published: April 2016

Wolbachia are maternally inherited symbiotic bacteria that are widespread among arthropods and filarial nematode parasites. It has been found in all main insect orders although some of them are still insufficiently studied. We performed PCR-screening for 15 species, 252 samples of fleas (Siphonaptera), that had been collected in the Sverdlovsk region and Khabarovsk territory. Six new symbiotic associations of Wolbachia-Siphonaptera were found for the first time. On the basis of earlier published data and the results of the current study we estimate that a minimum of 500 out of 2000 species in the Siphonaptera order are infected with Wolbachia
Somatic mutagenesis of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from hippocampus of Wistar rats
Authors: Loshchenova Polina Sergeyevna , Rogozin Igor Borisovich , Rotskaya Uliana Nicolayevna , Malyarchuk Boris Arkadievich , Nevinskiy Georgiy Aleksandrovich , Sinitsyna Olga Ivanovna
Published: April 2016

One of the most interesting findings in Systems biology is the discovery of negative correlation between gene expression levels and evolutionary rates of genes. Biological explanations of this correlation are still debated. Recently the hypothesis of Drummond and Wilke became increasingly popular. The hypothesis suggests that errors of translation with subsequent misfolding of proteins are the universal factor limiting the rate of protein evolution because this misfolding causes premature cell death. The mitochondrial somatic mutations are the promising tool to examine this hypothesis: damaging mutations in a gene cannot cause the complete lack of the corresponding protein product because animal mitochondria contain many copies of chromosomes (5–15 copies per mitochondria) in somatic tissues. We analyzed somatic mutations in the mitochondrial cytb gene from hippocampus of Wistar rats. We did not find any indication of purifying selection in the cytb gene. Absence of selection does not support the Drummond-Wilke hypothesis which postulates strong purifying selection eliminating errors that cause protein misfolding. This result questions applicability of the Drummond-Wilke hypothesis to mitochodrial proteins.
GENETIC FEATURES of DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS OF AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR IN LABORATORY MALE MICE UNDER SOCIAL HIERARCHY CONDITIONS
Authors: Kleshchev Maksim Aleksandrovich , Gutorova Natalya Vladimirovna , Osadchuk Lyudmila Vladimirovna
Published: April 2016

Background. Agonistic behavior is necessary for formation of dominant-subordinate relationship and for maintenance of social hierarchy in animal communities. However? there are few reports about the genetic features of agonistic behavior development in animals living in stable social groups. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ontogeny of agonistic behavior in male mice of different genotype and social status under stable social hierarchy conditions. Materials and methods. We studied the age dynamics of offensive attacks, the vertical defensive postures and the “runaway” behavior in male mice of inbred strains PT and CBA/Lac housed in genetically heterogeneous pairs during puberty (from 38 to 70 days of life). Results. Dominant-subordinate relationships were stable in 80 % of pairs during the experiment. During the period of stable social hierarchy we observed a transient increase in the number of offensive attacks at the end of puberty in dominants of the strain CBA/Lac but not in PT. Conclusion. In conclusion, the study revealed a significant influence of social rank and genotype on the development of patterns of social behavior in laboratory male mice during puberty.
Identification of new genes of nodule bacteria sinorhizobium meliloti involved in the control of efficiency of symbiosis with alfalfa medicago sativa
Authors: Onishchuk Olga Petrovna , Kurchak Oksana Nikolayevna , Chizhevskaya Elena Petrovna , Andronov Evgeniy Yevgenyevich , Simarov Boris Vasilyevich
Published: April 2016

Background. Alfalfa root nodule bacteria (Sinorhizobium meliloti) are among the most active symbiotic N2-fixers. Their symbiotic efficiency (SE) defined as an ability to enhance the productivity of inoculated host plants is the polygenic trait controlled by a complicated system of genes, inactivation of which can result in either decrease or increase of SE. Analysis of previously identified eff-genes, whose mutations result in SE increase, revealed their location in different parts of genome (chromosome or megaplasmids) and demonstrated that these genes are not involved in operation of nitrogenase system. Mutations in these genes have pleiotropic effects, changing various cultural-biochemical properties of bacteria. Materials and methods. The object of research were the laboratory S. meliloti strain CXM1-105 and its Tn5-mutants with Eff++ phenotype, which are able to grow in diagnostic media containing indicator of cell redox potential ТТC, herbicide 2М-4ХМ or the Congo Red dye. New eff-genes were identified using the modified method of “inverted” PCR. Results. We obtained three Tn5 mutants with an increased SE in which the symbiotic phenotypes are dependent on the host. Two-factor analysis of variance demonstrated that the genotypic difference between mutants is most pronounced under the salt stress, while in its absence SE is determined mostly by the host genotype. Molecular-biological analysis revealed that the T4 mutant harbours the Tn5 insertion in the mtaD gene, T795 - in the thiC gene, and M3 - in the gene which encodes a protein belonging to the GntR family of transcription regulators. Conclusion. We demonstrated firstly that mutations in genes involved in transcription regulation, phosphonate metabolism and thiamine biosynthesis may result in a SE increase. The “inverted” PCR method enabled us to rapidly extract DNA fragments flanking the transposon, which suggests applicability of this method for identification of new rhizobia genes marked by Tn5.
Cytogenetic methods of ecological stress indication in water and terrestrial biosystems
Authors: Daev Evgeniy Vladislavovich , Dukelskaya Anna Vladimirovna , Barabanova Larisa Vladimirovna
Published: April 2016

The genetic monitoring of the environment is an important link of the analysis of biosystems status. Its efficiency depends on the correct choice of: a) natural bioindicator species; b) appropriate signs reflecting the state of the environment and c) right statistical analysis. The genome integrity estimation plays a key role in studying of mutagenicity in the polluted environment. Step-by-step procedure of the cytogenetic data analysis and perspectives of using genetic tests in ecological monitoring are discussed with the help of crustacean species as an example.
Genetic and environmental determinants in the formation of differences in aggression in same-sex siblings
Authors: Shustikova Marina Valentinovna
Published: April 2016

Background. The analysis of the contribution of genotype and nonshared environment caused by birth order in formation of differences in physical, indirect, verbal aggression and irritability in same-sex siblings was carried out. Materials and methods. Data of sibling from sibship size two and there parents in the Kharkov population (Ukraine) were analyzed. The aggression was defined by Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory scales. Results of the research have been processed with statistical software packages SPSS 13.0 for Windows, MATLAB. Results. The heritability for physical aggression: h2 = 24 %, Н2 = 84 % at male siblings; h2 = 35 % at female siblings. The heritability for indirect aggression and irritability: h2 = 41 % and h2 = 36 % at female siblings. Variability of a level of indirect, verbal aggression and irritability in male siblings is depends from birth order: the increase phenotype similarity between fathers and younger sons in comparison with fathers and older sons was marked. Conclusion. Results are the basis for a conclusion about gender-specificity of gene interactions and genotype-environment interaction in formation differences of aggression. The next step of investigation is model fitting analysis.
The History of Manayunkia [Polychaeta: Sedentaria: Sabellidae] propagation in North Eastern Asia
Authors: Pudovkina Tatyana Anatolyevna , Sitnikova Tatyana Yakovlevna , Matveyev Arkadiy Nikolayevich , Shcherbakov Dmitriy Yuryevich
Published: April 2016

This study aimes to elucidate the history of propagation of the freshwater Manayunkia polychaetes in North-Eastern Asia and their speciation in Lake Baikal. Nucleotide polymorphism analysis of of the CO1 Folmer fragment allowed to establish the sequence of migration and speciation events. Phylogenetic analysis and bayesian comparison of possible scenarios supports the hypothesis that the origin of the Manayunkia migration was the Kolyma river basin, from where the polychaetes migrated into Baikal and diverged into at least three species, one of which (M. godlewskii) served as the source of migrants into the Lake Baunt system.
Inheritance of acaricide resistance in inbreeding lines of two-spotted spider mite
Authors: Sundukov Oleg Veniaminovich , Tulayeva Irina Anatolyevna , Zubanov Yevgeniy Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2016

Background: The two-spotted spider mite is one of the economically important crop pests. Its control has been and still is largely based on the use of acaricides. However, due to its short life cycle and abundant progeny it is able to develop resistance to acaricides very rapidly. The information on mechanisms of resistance is the aim of devising resistance management strategies. Materials and methods: A laboratory-selected susceptible and resistant inbreeding lines of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. were used to determine toxicological, cross-resistance, biochemical and genetic data. Mortality caused by acaricide in the F1 progeny and backcrosses with F1 females revealed striking differences in the mode of inheritance. Results: The resistance ratio (RR) calculated from the LC50s of selected susceptible and resistant to dimethoate, bifenthrin, abamectin and bromopropylate lines were 1000, 2600, 2000 and 2000-fold, respectively. Resistance to dimethoate is monogenic dominant inheritance associated with a strong increase in isoenzyme carboxylesterase activity and that could be considered as biochemical marker. Mortality caused by selecting by abamectin in the F1 and backcross progeny indicated that the mode of inheritance resistance is dominant digenic and by selecting bifenthrin and bromopropylate was incompletely recessive linked with two main genetic mutations. Conclusion: The biochemical/physiological mechanisms of resistance to acaricides can be categorized as target site insensitivity or regulatory changes in gene expression elevated some enzyme activity that determines the degree viability in arthropods.
Dynamics of chromosomal aberrations level in residents of an industrial city in conditions of changing atmosphere pollution
Authors: Minina Varvara Ivanovna , Druzhinin Vladimir Gennadyevich , Golovina Tatyana Aleksandrovna , Tolochko Tatyana Andreyevna , Meyer Alina Viktorovna , Volkov Aleksey Nikolayevich , Bakanova Marina Leonidovna , Savchenko Yana Aleksandrovna , Ryzhkova Anastasiya Vladimirovna , Titov Ruslan Aleksandrovich , Larin Sergey Anatolyevich , Kulemin Yuriy Yevgenyevich
Published: April 2016

Background. The level and range of chromosomal aberrations in inhabitants of Kemerovo, a large industrial center of Western Siberia, were studied in two time periods: from 1986 to 2000 and from 2001 to 2012. Materials and methods. Total of 668 inhabitants were examined for chromosomal aberrations in their blood lymphocytes: 333 in the first time period and 335 in the second one. Official data on emission of air pollutants in Kemerovo, obtained by the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Kemerovo region in the period from 1986 to 2012, were also analyzed.Results. We found that frequency of aberrations among residents in Kemerovo was lower in 2000s as compared to the previous time period studied, which is consistent with reduced emission of pollutants into the air in Kemerovo. The new value of the background level of chromosomal aberrations in Kemerovo residents not contacting industrial genotoxicants was established at 1.48 ± 0.08% and can be used in further genetic and ecological studies. Conclusion. Obtained results confirm coherence of environmental pollution and mutagenesis in populations of industrial cities.
Association between polymorphic markers of IL-10 gene and chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract in children living under technogenic pressure
Authors: Masnavieva Lyudmila Borisovna , Kudaeva Irina Valer’yevna
Published: April 2016

Respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of infant morbidity. Disturbances of functioning of the immune system play an important role in their development. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a key regulator of the immune response. Mononucleotide substitutions at positions (-1082), (-819) and (-592) of IL-10 gene results in low level of the protein production. Our purpose was to study the associations between polymorphic markers of IL-10 gene and chronic respiratory diseases in children living under conditions of anthropogenic pressure. 189 adolescents living in a city with high levels of air pollution and 82 from a city with a moderate level of contamination were examined. Children with chronic upper airway pathology in remission were identified. Blood samples from all children were tested for allelic variants -1082G / A, -592C / A, -819C / T of IL-10 gene in. Analysis of associations between polymorphic variants and the presence of chronic respiratory diseases was conducted. The -592C allele of IL-10 gene was less common among children with chronic diseases of the respiratory tract living in conditions of moderate air pollution than in the healthy comparison group. Similar association has not been established in thr group of children living in conditions of high air pollution. Thus, the C allele of the polymorphic -592C/A locus marks resistance to the development of a chronic disease of the upper respiratory tract in children living in conditions of moderate air pollution, while in conditions of high level of pollution contribution of genetic factors in its development is leveled.
Genetically modified microorganisms as producers of biologically active compounds
Authors: Padkina Marina Vladimirovna , Sambuk Elena Viktorovna
Published: April 2016

In the review the data on use of genetically modified microorganisms as producers of proteins of different organisms are presented. The relative advantages and disadvantages of bacterial and yeast systems for heterologous genes expression are considered.
Transgenic plants as bioreactors for the production of substances of medicinal and veterinary importance
Authors: Saveleva Natalia Vladimirovna , Burlakovskiy Mikhail Sergeevich , Yemelyanov Vladislav Vladimirovich , Lutova Lyudmila Alekseevna
Published: April 2016

The use of plants as bioreactors has become of a great importance in the modern biotechnology. The transgenic plants are capable of synthesizing of many substances, including valuable pharmaceuticals. Plants possess a number of advantages compared to conventional bioreactors - microorganisms and animal cell cultures. The product safety and lower production costs are among them. One of the promising directions in plant biotechnology is the creation of “edible vaccines, plantibodies and adjuvants” based on recombinant antigens, immunoglobulins and immunoregulatory cytokines. Edible bioreactor plants can be administered as food and feed additives in medicine and veterinary avoiding expensive purification procedures. Interferons have antiviral, antibacterial, antitumor and immunomodulatory activity, and are implicated in the prophylaxis and therapy of diseases of different etiologies. Investigations concerning with obtaining of bioreactor plants synthesizing γ-interferons of mammals and birds are carried out in the laboratory of genetic and cellular engineering of plants St. Petersburg State University. Our recent achievements in the creation of inbreed tobacco line producing bovine γ-interferon are described.
Evolution of virulence in population of flax rust pathogen Melampsora lini (Pers.) Lev. in conditions of Russia
Authors: Kutuzova Sofya Nikolaevna , Porokhovinova Elizaveta Alexandrovna , Brutch Nina Borisovna
Published: April 2016

Background. Rust is a dangerous flax disease, which reduces the yield and quality of products. The choice of methods of breeding for resistance should be based on knowledge of the processes occurring in the fungi population, and leading to changes in its virulence. Materials and methods. The article describes the results of over then 40 years observation of the flax rust pathogen Melampsora lini (Pers.) Lev. populations’ virulence during the study of resistance of accessions from VIR world flax collection on artificial infectious background. Late sparse sowings were infected by last year’s infected with fungi straw. The method of this background creation allows one to maintain a natural flow of race-forming process. Results. Susceptibility of 45 relatively resistant accessions from 1978 to 2011 is presented. The significant narrowing of the fungi populations’ virulence, caused by the spread in flax sowing zone cultivars with polygenic resistance, providing a calm epidemiological situation for several decades, was shown. Now under the influence of the distribution of varieties with different types of resistance, fungi turned into depression. Conclusion. The modern trend of breeding, mainly aimed at the creation of varieties with vertical resistance, and in the absence of control over the originality of their R-genes can lead to a new round of the disease development.
Identification of complementary genes of hybrid lethality in crosses of bread wheat and rye. Results and perspectives
Authors: Tikhenko Natalia Dmitrievna , Tsvetkova Natalia Vladimirovna , Lyholay Anna Nikolaevna , Voylokov Anatoly Vasilievich
Published: April 2016

Numerous genes were found in crop plants, leading to death or sterility of distant hybrids. However, the evolutionary role of concrete genes in the reproductive isolation of the species remains unclear. The article summarizes the own data for identification of hybrid lethality genes that were detected in wheat -rye crosses. Seeds with the dead, undifferentiated embryo and normal endosperm were found in crosses of bread wheat with four out of a hundred studied inbred lines of rye. It is shown that the hybrid lethality is a consequence of the negative complementary interaction of genes of wheat and rye. Rye gene Eml-1R is represented by two alleles - dominant incompatible and recessive compatible. It was mapped on chromosome 6R relative microsatellite and isozyme loci. Complementary wheat gene Eml-1A is located on chromosome 6A. Location of interacting genes on syntenic fragments of chromosomes 6R and 6A may indicate gomeology of hybrid lethality genes in wheat and rye. However, embryonic lethality observed in individual wheat-rye hybrids, cannot be attributed to the evolutionary developed intergeneric incompatibility, like a well-studied prezygotic incompatibility of wheat and related genera.
Sup35 prionization [PSI+] influence the frequency of the gene and chromosome mutations, accounted in the alpha-test in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Andreychuk Yulia Viacheslavovna , Zhuk Anna Sergeevna , Inge-Vechtomov Sergey Georgievich , Stepchenkova Elena Igorevna , Shiriaeva Anna Alexandrovna
Published: April 2016

Background. A lot of neurodegenerative diseases are coursed by amiloidization of proteins in nerve tissues. In the patients brains suffered from Alzheimer’s disease the high fraction of the nerve cells with abnormal chromosome amount was revealed. There are some data showing that prion form of protein PrP may prevent chromosome segregation in mitosis. But the direct association of prionisation and genome stability was not revealed. Materials and methods. We compared the yeast S. cerevisiae strain bearing the prion form of the termination translation factor Sup35, and the strain with non-prionized Sup35 in the alpha-test system. The model of the alpha-test is based on the mechanism of mating type switching in heterothallic yeast strains. The MAT locus that controls the mating type of yeast cell can be presented by two idiomorphs: the MATalpha and MATa that determine the alpha and a cell types, correspondingly. Only two cells with opposite mating types (alpha × a) could copulate. In the mixture of two yeast strains with alpha mating type the hybrids appears only if one of the parent cells had changed its mating type alpha → a. The mating type switching could course the following genetic events: the loss of the chromosome, gene conversion, recombination, loss of the arm of the chromosome, gene mutations and temporary lesions. These events could be distinguished by using the specially constructed alpha-test system. Results. The [PSI+] strain has showed 2-times decreased frequency of «illegitimate» hybridization in the alpha-test compared to [psi-] strain. But [PSI+] doesn’t influence the frequency of «legitimate» hybridization in the alpha × a crossing. The prion [PSI+] also 2-times reduces the frequency of chromosome loss and gene mutations and increases gene conversion 5-times. This results are also confirmed by the canavanine test. Conclusion. We investigated the effect of the Sup35 prionizaion on the genome stability. Unexpectedly in the [PSI+] strain the frequency of «illegitimate» hybridization was 2-times lower, and frequency of gene mutations and chromosome loss was also reduced. The mechanism of this effect is unclear and requires the further investigation.
Peculiarities of negative consequences of mutagenic action
Authors: Nazarenko Nikolay Nikolayevich
Published: April 2016

Background. Estimation of correlation between genotype-mutagen interaction and mutagen depression is a main topic of this paper. Materials and methods. Eight winter wheat varieties were treated by gamma-rays and chemical mutagens. The frequency and spectrum of chromosomal aberrations, parameters of field growing and development were investigated. Results. Frequency of chromosomal aberrations, plant survival and some parameters of yield structure are reliable indicators of mutagen depression. Repeat action of same mutagen lead to decreasing of chromosomal aberrations number. Conclusion. Mutation varieties are less sensitive to some types of mutagen action.
Markers of human extraembryonal cells individual radiosensitivity in vitro
Authors: Belenko Andrey Alexandrovich , Vasilyev Stanislav Anatolyevich , Lebedev Igor' Nikolaevich
Published: April 2016

Background: Genotoxic effects of ionizing radiation in early stages of human embryonic development can lead to fatal consequences. At the same time, the radiosensitivity of human embryonic and extraembryonic cells is still poorly studied. In this study, the analysis of DNA double-strand break repair effectiveness in human extraembryonal fibroblasts was carried out. Materials and methods. Extraembryonic human fibroblasts was irradiated by 1 Gy gamma-rays using Theratron Equinox (Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk). The level of DNA double strand breaks was assessed using γH2AX foci. Frequency of cytogenetic damage was assessed using micronucleus test conducted with FISH as a frequency of centromere-negative micronuclei. Results. No significant correlation was observed between both endogenous and residual levels of radiation-induced γH2AX foci and frequency of micronuclei after irradiation. It is suggested to be a result of the specificity of extraembryonal fibroblast radiation-induced response. The spontaneous frequency of centromere-negative micronuclei correlated with radiation-induced frequency of centromere-negative micronuclei. Conclusion. It was shown that human extraembryonal fibroblasts ability to repair radiation-induced DNA damage is likely to be reflected by the repair of spontaneous DNA double strand breaks.
The genetics of the traits determining adaptability to abiotic stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Kharitonov Evgeniy Mixailovich , Goncharova Yulia Constantinovna , Maluchenko Evgenia Alekcandrovna
Published: April 2016

Most of rice cultivationarea in Russia, characterized by unfavorable soil conditions: salinity varying degrees and types, alkalinization, lack of mineral nutrients. In addition, in the Kuban in one of the most Northern region of rice cultivation during of rice the growing season marked as high more than 40 °C and low temperature 0 °C. Consequently, to increase the production of culture less necessary increasing potential productivity then stability of yield, and complex of resistance to stress genes. The article presents data on polymorphism and the molecular marking of characteristics defining adaptability to various abiotic stresses.
Planning of Movements of Building Robots with Speed Optimization
Authors: Bock Thomas ,   Technical University Munich, Bulgakov Alexey ,   Southwest State University
Published: April 2016

[abstFig src='/00280002/06.jpg' width=""300"" text='Perspective view of robotic mounting system for large-panel building' ]This paper presents a method of planning trajectories for the motions of building robots according to the given points of support on the basis of a two-level interpolation. This method features the calculation of speeds at the intermediate points of the trajectory, while duly accounting for the limitations for controlling moments. The combination of analytical and searching methods of calculation makes it possible to obtain a solution during the interval of control.
Research on Superimposed Terrain Model for Teleoperation Work Efficiency
Authors: Tanimoto Takanobu ,   Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Fukano Ryo , Shinohara Kei , Kurashiki Keita , Kondo Daisuke , Yoshinada Hiroshi ,   Komatsu Ltd.
Published: April 2016

[abstFig src='/00280002/08.jpg' width=""300"" text='Superimposed terrain model in operator's view image' ]In recent years, unmanned construction based on the teleoperation of construction equipment has increasingly been used in disaster sites or mines. However, operations based on teleoperation are based on 2D images, in which the lack of perspective results in considerably lower efficiency when compared with on-board operations. Previous studies employed multi-viewpoint images or binocular stereo, which resulted in problems, such as lower efficiency, caused by the operator's need to evaluate distances by shifting his or her line of sight, or eye fatigue due to binocular stereo. Thus, the present study aims to improve the work efficiency of teleoperation by superimposing a 3D model of the terrain on the on-board operator's view image. The surrounding terrain is measured by a depth image sensor and represented as a digital terrain model, which is generated and updated in real time. The terrain model is transformed into the on-board operator's view, on which an artificial shadow of the bucket tip and an evenly spaced grid projected to the ground surface are superimposed. This allows the operator to visually evaluate the bucket tip position from the artificial shadow and the distance between the excavation point and bucket tip from the terrain grid. An experiment was conducted investigating the positioning of the bucket tip by teleoperation using a miniature excavator and the terrain model superimposed display. The results showed that the standard deviations of the positioning errors measured with the superimposed display were lower by 30% or more than those obtained without the superimposed display, while they were approximately equal to those acquired using binocular stereo. We thus demonstrated the effectiveness of the superimposed display in improving work efficiency in teleoperation.
Suction Cup for Concrete Wall Testing Robot
Authors: Tokuomi Saeko ,   Kumamoto University, Mori Kazuya
Published: April 2016

[abstFig src='/00280002/10.jpg' width=""300"" text='Claws attached to suction cups' ]Efficient economical test methods are widely needed worldwide. One target of this is to develop climbing robots that check for defects in concrete. These concrete-wall-climbing robots generally use suction cups to support themselves and test apparatus, but the danger exists of this expensive equipment falling. This may occur due to one of two reasons. The first is inadequate ring-seal decompression in suction cups and the second is suction cup slippage. We have added claws to suction cups to help prevent slippage. The claws we developed are attached to the suction cups to help grip the wall. In the sections below, we discuss the scratch tests we performed to test claw effectiveness in improving suction cup grip. We then prove through tests under actual conditions that the estimated grip force matched that of an actual suction cup's grip force with the claw.
Study on a Pneumatically Actuated Robot for Simulating Evolutionary Developmental Process of Musculoskeletal Structures
Authors: Ryu Hideyuki ,   Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Nakata Yoshihiro , Okadome Yuya , Nakamura Yutaka , Ishiguro Hiroshi
Published: April 2016

[abstFig src='/00280002/13.jpg' width=""300"" text='A pneumatic musculoskeletal robot' ]Under the effects of surroundings such as gravitational force, ambient temperature, and chemical substances, each animal has acquired an optimized body structure through its evolution. For example, vertebrate land animals have a sophisticated musculoskeletal structure including not only monoarticular muscles but also multiarticular muscles to support their weight against gravitational force. Many researchers have developed musculoskeletal robots with a biarticular muscle mechanism that enables them to execute physical tasks similar to the mimicked animal. However, the developmental process of the musculoskeletal structure has not been examined in detail in past studies. In this study, we developed a musculoskeletal robot with redundant air cylinders to investigate the developmental process of the body structure of the animal. We proposed a switching mechanism between several muscle structures called the actuator network system (ANS). In the ANS, the selection of mutually interconnected, simultaneously activated air cylinders is changed by switching the interconnections. The experimental results indicate that by changing the connection of the cylinders and the inner pressure of the connected cylinders, i.e., the strength of the connection, the response of the robot to external forces can be modified, thus demonstrating the feasibility of our approach.
Conflict Management in The Cattle Village Systems in Bantul - Yogyakarta
Authors: Guntor Budi
Published: April 2016

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Estimasi Potensi dan Kinerja Sapi Bali di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (The Potency Estimation and Performance of Bali Cattle in Timor Tengah Utara Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province)
Authors: Tonbesi Trimeldus Tulak , Ngadiyono Nono , (Sumadi) Sumadi
Published: April 2016

The objective of the reseaech was to recognize the output and population  dynamics, correlation between body weight and body size, and also correlation between body weight and carcass weight and the most accurate body weight
estimation on Bali cattle in Timor Tengah Utara Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This research was done in 6 districts in 20 villages. The research material included 289 breeders as respondent, 530 Bali cattles and secondary data
from local Department of Animal Husbandry. The results showed that reproduction efficiency 83.60%, 21.72% natural increase, 21.47% potency of the population or 16,204 animals. There was annual increased with average 8.16% follows
regression equation Y = 63,151+5,376 X and by year of 2011 the population could be estimated as many as 100,783 animals with potency 21,638 animals. Correlation between body weight with body size in male Bali cow age >1 to 2
years old followed equation Y = -286.13+2.11 X1+1.59X4 with r = 0.92 and R2 = 0.85. Male with age >2 to 3 years old, Y = -441.16+2.23X1+2.96X3 with r = 0.95 and R2 = 0.90. Female age >2 to 3 years old, Y = -153.27+2.19X1 with r =
0.78 and R2 = 0.60. Male with age >3 to 4 years old, Y = -385.10+4.13X1 with r = 0.96 and R2 = 0.91. Female age >3 to 4 years old, Y = 89.72+0.96X2 with r = 0.34 and R2 = 0.12. Correlation between body weight and carcass weight in
female age >2 to 3 years old, Y = -3.84+0.56X with r = 0.97 and R2 = 0.94, female age >3 to 4 years old, Y = 4.0+1.50X with r = 0.87 and R2 = 0.76, and female age >4 years old, Y = 3.16+0.52X with r = 0.96 and R2 = 0.92.
Djagra Formula could be used to estimate male and female Bali cattle body weight in regency north middle Timor with correction factor each -0.34% and -16.71%.

(Key words: Bali Cattle, Performance, Potency, Population dynamics)