bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ο Ρόλος του Καθηγητή - Συμβούλου και η ανάπτυξη μηχανισμού υποστήριξής του στην εξ Αποστάσεως Εκπαίδευση
Authors: Παπαδημητρίου Σοφία Θ. , Λιοναράκης Αντώνης
Published: June 2016

Ο ρόλος του διδάσκοντα στην εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση είναι πολύπλοκος, διαφορετικός από αυτόν του διδάσκοντα σ΄ ένα συμβατικό σύστημα εκπαίδευσης. Σ’ ένα περιβάλλον συνεργατικής μάθησης -στο πλαίσιο εμπλουτισμού της εκπαιδευτικής διαδικασίας- οι απαιτήσεις και ο εργασιακός φόρτος του διδάσκοντα θα πολλαπλασιαστούν. Η προσέγγιση του νέου ρόλου των διδασκόντων καθώς και ο σχεδιασμός και η ανάπτυξη ενός μηχανισμού υποστήριξης και ενθάρρυνσής τους είναι ο σκοπός της έρευνας, της οποίας το θεωρητικό υπόβαθρο θα παρουσιάσουμε σε αυτό το άρθρο. Στην πορεία της έρευνας θα αποτυπωθεί η υπάρχουσα κατάσταση της ευρύτερης περιοχής του ρόλου των διδασκόντων στην εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση, θα οικοδομηθεί μηχανισμός υποστήριξης του πολύπλοκου ρόλου τους, θα αναπτυχθεί περιβάλλον συνεργατικής μάθησης και πρόσθετο πολυμορφικό εκπαιδευτικό υλικό. Ο ποιοτικός σχεδιασμός του περιβάλλοντος με στόχο την ενεργητική εμπλοκή των διδασκομένων στη διεργασία της μάθησης και η υποστήριξη της συνεργατικής μάθησης μέσα από την ανάπτυξη μιας κοινότητας αποτελούν άξονες της έρευνας που θα διεξαχθεί την επόμενη τριετία στο Ελληνικό Ανοικτό Πανεπιστήμιο.
Επίδραση της τηλεδιάσκεψης στη μαθησιακή διαδικασία του Ε.Α.Π. Απόψεις φοιτητών και ΣΕΠ των ΘΕ ΕΚΠ 65 –ΕΚΕ 50
Authors: Μηλιωρίτσας Ευάγγελος , Γεωργιάδη Ειρήνη
Published: June 2016

Στην εργασία αυτή επιχειρείται να σκιαγραφηθεί η αξιοποίηση της τηλεδιάσκεψης στην εξ αποστάσεως εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία. Η διερεύνηση των απόψεων των φοιτητών και των ΣΕΠ του ΕΑΠ, σχεδιάστηκε προκειμένου να απαντήσει στο καίριο ερώτημα: «πώς η τηλεδιάσκεψη μπορεί, ως εργαλείο επικοινωνίας και μάθησης, να προσθέσει αξία στην εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία του ΕΑΠ;» Για το σκοπό της έρευνας πραγματοποιήθηκαν 14 συνεντεύξεις από επτά φοιτητές/φοιτήτριες  και ισάριθμους καθηγητές /καθηγήτριες Συμβούλους (ΣΕΠ) των ΘΕ ΕΚΠ 65 & ΕΚΕ 50. Η στοχευμένη επιλογή της ποιοτικής διερεύνησης αποσκοπούσε στην αμεσότητα της επικοινωνίας του συνεντευκτή με τα ερωτώμενα πρόσωπα. Η τηλεδιάσκεψη ως δυναμικό και ευέλικτο μαθησιακό εργαλείο,  μπορεί να τοποθετηθεί παράλληλα με τα υπάρχοντα και να αξιοποιηθεί μεταξύ φοιτητών, ανάμεσα σε φοιτητές-καθηγητές και για συνεργασίες ΣΕΠ. Από την έρευνα και σύμφωνα με τις απόψεις του δείγματος που συμμετείχε σε αυτή, προκύπτει, ότι για τους εμπλεκόμενους στη διδακτική πράξη και τη μαθησιακή πορεία, η τηλεδιάσκεψη ως μορφή αμφίδρομης επικοινωνίας, και με την προϋπόθεση ότι θα σχεδιαστεί προσεκτικά, μπορεί να ενισχύει την επικοινωνία και τη μάθηση προς όφελος των διδασκομένων και να υποστηρίξει το καθοδηγητικό έργο του διδάσκοντα. Ο ρόλος του καθηγητή-συμβούλου γίνεται πιο απαιτητικός και είναι ο ρυθμιστής του μέσου με τις προϋποθέσεις οι οποίες απαιτούνται. Η τηλεδιάσκεψη έρχεται να λειτουργήσει συμπληρωματικά με τις ΟΣΣ και προς όφελος των απόντων από αυτή.
Η υποστήριξη των αποφοίτων του μεταπτυχιακού προγράμματος «Σπουδές στην Εκπαίδευση» του Ελληνικού Ανοικτού Πανεπιστημίου από το εργασιακό τους περιβάλλον κατά τη διάρκεια των σπουδών τους.
Authors: Βασάλα Παρασκευή
Published: June 2016

Σκοπός της εργασίας ήταν να διερευνήσει κατά πόσο οι απόφοιτοι του ΕΑΠ θεωρούν ότι είχαν υποστήριξη από τα άτομα του εργασιακού τους περιβάλλοντος κατά τη διάρκεια των σπουδών τους. Η έρευνα πραγματοποιήθηκε το 2005-2006 στους απόφοιτους του Μεταπτυχιακού Προγράμματος «Σπουδές στην Εκπαίδευση» με ερωτηματολόγιο ανοικτών και κλειστών ερωτήσεων. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι το εργασιακό περιβάλλον, έδειξε περιορισμένο ενδιαφέρον και υποστηρικτική διάθεση. Ως επί το πλείστον δημιουργούσε δυσκολίες, δεν έδειχνε κατανόηση, αμφισβητούσε την ποιότητα και τον τίτλο των σπουδών, δεν παραχωρούσε τις δικαιούμενες άδειες ή παρέμενε αδιάφορο. Οι απόφοιτοι αντιμετώπισαν τις δυσκολίες με επιμονή στην επίτευξη των στόχων τους και με την υποστήριξη που είχαν από την οικογένεια, τους φίλους και τους συμφοιτητές. Το ΕΑΠ θα μπορούσε να πάρει ορισμένα μέτρα για τη διευκόλυνση των φοιτητών από το εργασιακό τους περιβάλλον, δεδομένου ότι το εργασιακό περιβάλλον μπορεί να αποτελέσει μια σημαντική πηγή υποστήριξης.
A Proposed Sketch of a Distance Education Model for the Enrichment of Adult Literacy in Pakistan
Authors: Saleem Khalid , Ahmad Mumtaz
Published: June 2016

Various efforts have been made to overcome the problem of illiteracy throughout the world, particularly in the developing countries. But, none of these had valuable results. Therefore, in most of the developing countries like Pakistan, governments are concerned about handling the literacy problem effectively. The present paper was conducted in view of the poor literacy condition in Pakistan.it focused upon the analysis of existing literacy situation in Pakistan as well as finding out workable suggestions for overcoming the literacy problem. The study revealed that there was no use of broadcast media or the motivational techniques to attract the illiterate people to the literacy centers. Above all there was no consistency in the literacy programmes due to political factors. The main objectives of the study included to analyze the past literacy programmes in Pakistan and to create a distance education literacy model for Pakistan. The modern way for imparting literacy should be used rather than following the conventional methods. For this purpose a distance education model for enhancing literacy is proposed to be used in Pakistan. This is a theoretical model workable in the low literacy areas with suitable physical provisions.
Η επικοινωνία διδάσκοντα και διδασκόμενων στην εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση. Μελέτη περίπτωσης στο Πρόγραμμα Εκπαίδευσης Εκπαιδευτών του Κ.Ε.Ε.ΕΝ.ΑΠ.
Authors: Zygouris Fotis , Mavroidis Ilias
Published: June 2016

Η επικοινωνία μεταξύ του διδάσκοντα και των διδασκομένων είναι ιδιαίτερα σημαντική στις σπουδές από απόσταση. Ο βασικός σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας είναι διερευνήσει και να αναδείξει τον ιδιαίτερο ρόλο του διδάσκοντα/καθηγητή – συμβούλου (Κ.Σ.), με έμφαση στην επικοινωνία, στο εξ αποστάσεως πρόγραμμα εκπαίδευσης εκπαιδευτών του Κ.Ε.Ε.ΕΝ.ΑΠ., στη Δυτική Μακεδονία. Επίσης να καταγράψει τις απόψεις των εκπαιδευόμενων, αλλά και των καθηγητών-συμβούλων, σχετικά με την μεταξύ τους επικοινωνία στο πρόγραμμα αυτό, καθώς και τις προτάσεις τους για την βελτίωση της αποτελεσματικότητας της επικοινωνίας. Προκειμένου να διερευνηθούν τα ερευνητικά ερωτήματα χρησιμοποιήθηκε ο συνδυασμός της ποσοτικής με την ποιοτική προσέγγιση. Με το ερωτηματολόγιο που συμπληρώθηκε από τους εκπαιδευόμενους και με την ημιδομημένη συνέντευξη των εκπαιδευτών καταγράφηκαν οι απόψεις τους σχετικά με τα υπό διερεύνηση ζητήματα. Από την έρευνα προκύπτει ότι εκπαιδευτές και εκπαιδευόμενοι πιστεύουν στη σημασία της επικοινωνίας. Ο ρόλος του καθηγητή – συμβούλου είναι ιδιαίτερα σημαντικός, καθώς μέσω της επικοινωνίας καλύπτει τις ανάγκες των εκπαιδευομένων τόσο σε επίπεδο μαθησιακής υποστήριξης όσο και σε συναισθηματικό επίπεδο. Η σημαντικότερη μορφή επικοινωνίας που αναπτύχθηκε ήταν η διαπροσωπική κατά την διάρκεια των συναντήσεων και στη συνέχεια η ηλεκτρονική και η τηλεφωνική. Η επικοινωνία που αναπτύχθηκε ήταν σε μεγάλο βαθμό αποτελεσματική, ωστόσο υπάρχουν περιθώρια παιρεταίρω βελτίωσης, με τη συμβολή και των νέων τεχνολογιών.
Hellenic Open University student views on Supplementary Digitized Educational Material
Authors: Hatzinikita Vassilia , Katsis Athanasios , Petrogiannis Konstantinos
Published: June 2016

The paper presents a part of an evaluation study undertaken by the Hellenic Open University (HOU) regarding the design and implementation of Supplementary Digitized Educational Material (SDEM: Video, Hypertext, Webcast) which was developed in order to support a number of undergraduate and postgraduate modules. The aim of this paper is to examine the HOU students’ views about the quality of each module’s SDEM they used during their study. More specifically, students’ views about (a) content presentation (b) instructional and pedagogical methodology (c) technical specifications and (d) quality of interface of the SDEM were studied by adopting a quantitative approach. The relevant data were selected with the use of an online-based questionnaire, specifically developed for this evaluation study, administered through a user-friendly web application form. The research findings indicated that students consider Hypertext as the least effective mode of digitized material whereas Webcast is viewed most favourably especially in the pedagogical dimension. Finally, postgraduate students face more serious challenges than undergraduates not only in the pedagogical aspect but also in terms of the SDEM’s technical specifications.
Ανοικτή και εξ Αποστάσεως τριτοβάθμια Εκπαίδευση και Άτομα με Αναπηρία. Η Περίπτωση του Ελληνικού Ανοικτού Πανεπιστημίου
Authors: Κρητικού Σοφία , Κουτσούμπα Μαρία Ι.
Published: June 2016

Σκοπός του άρθρου είναι να παρουσιάσει τα αποτελέσματα μιας ποιοτικής έρευνας που πραγματοποιήθηκε για πρώτη φορά στο Ελληνικό Ανοικτό Πανεπιστήμιο (ΕΑΠ) σε τρεις φοιτητές με αναπηρία, προκειμένου να διερευνηθεί σε βάθος ο τρόπος με τον οποίο η ανοικτή και εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση ανταποκρίνεται στις πρόσθετες εκπαιδευτικές τους ανάγκες. Συγκεκριμένα, η έρευνα εστιάστηκε στο  πόσο «ανοικτή» είναι η ανοικτή και εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση που παρέχεται στο ΕΑΠ για τα άτομα με αναπηρία, με ποιό τρόπο εξασφαλίζεται η ελεύθερη πρόσβαση και ισότιμη συμμετοχή τους στην εκπαίδευση και πώς αξιοποιούνται οι διάφορες μορφές τυπικής και άτυπης υποστήριξης προς αυτούς. Από την ανάλυση των στοιχείων διαπιστώθηκε ότι  το ΕΑΠ διευκολύνει την είσοδο των φοιτητών με αναπηρία σε αυτό, τους υποστηρίζει οικονομικά, έχει προμηθευτεί εξοπλισμό που διευκολύνει την πρόσβαση τους σε ηλεκτρονικές πληροφορίες, αν και ο εξοπλισμός αυτός δεν είναι επαρκής για να καλύψει τις ανάγκες των φοιτητών σε όλες τις περιπτώσεις. Φάνηκε επίσης, η καλή πρόθεση καθηγητών-συμβούλων και διοικητικών υπαλλήλων του ΕΑΠ να βοηθήσουν τους φοιτητές με αναπηρία, αλλά και η απειρία τους. Από πλευράς πανεπιστημίου, αναφέρθηκε επίσης, έλλειψη οργάνωσης, αδυναμία συντονισμού των διάφορων τμημάτων του και πρόβλεψης κάποιων διαδικασιών, και μη κατάλληλοι χώροι διεξαγωγής των ομαδικών συναντήσεων. Τέλος, διατυπώνονται προτάσεις για βελτιωτικές ενέργειες, προκειμένου να εξασφαλίζεται στους φοιτητές με αναπηρία η δυνατότητα εύκολης ολοκλήρωσης των σπουδών τους στο ΕΑΠ.
Ο Ρόλος της Εκπαιδευτικής Τηλεόρασης στην Υποστήριξη της Σχολικής Εκπαίδευσης στην εποχή του Διαδικτύου
Authors: Παπαδημητρίου Σοφία
Published: June 2016

Η εποχή μας κατακλύζεται από ένα σύνολο τεχνολογιών με κυρίαρχες την τηλεόραση και το διαδίκτυο, η συνάντηση των οποίων αποτελεί μια μεγάλη πρόκληση και υπόσχεση για την εκπαίδευση. Η Εκπαιδευτική Τηλεόραση ως έγκυρος παραγωγός εκπαιδευτικού οπτικοακουστικού υλικού και με τη δυναμική που μπορεί να αναπτύξει, επιτελεί έναν ιδιαίτερα σημαντικό κοινωνικό ρόλο, υποστηρίζοντας τη σχολική εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία αλλά και τη δια βίου μάθηση. Εκπέμπει ένα σύνολο προγραμμάτων στηριζόμενων στο αναλυτικό πρόγραμμα σπουδών, γενικής παιδείας και πληροφόρησης, καινοτόμων εκπαιδευτικών δράσεων και συνεπώς επιδρά, μαθαίνει, καθορίζει στάσεις και αξίες στους μαθητές και στη μετέπειτα ζωή τους. Στην τελευταία τριακονταετία η διάθεση του υλικού της πέρασε με μεγάλη ταχύτητα από την “εποχή της εκπομπής” στην “εποχή του βίντεο” και πρόσφατα στην “εποχή του διαδικτύου” με δυσδιάκριτα βέβαια όρια μεταξύ τους, εφόσον καμιά εποχή δεν έχει καταργηθεί εντελώς. Αξιοποιώντας τις συνεχώς εξελισσόμενες τεχνολογίες του διαδικτύου, τα σχολεία με ευρυζωνική πρόσβαση έχουν τη δυνατότητα να αξιοποιούν το υλικό της Εκπαιδευτικής Τηλεόρασης με τη μορφή των “μέσων ροής” την επιθυμητή στιγμή. Η διδασκαλία βασισμένη στα “μέσα ροής” και σε ολοκληρωμένα μαθησιακά περιβάλλοντα που στηρίζονται σε αυτά, θα επιδράσει στον τρόπο προετοιμασίας του μαθήματος ενός εκπαιδευτικού και αλυσιδωτά θα επιφέρει αλλαγές στον τρόπο διδασκαλίας του, εμπλέκοντας τους μαθητές σε πλούσιες αλληλεπιδραστικές μαθησιακές εμπειρίες και μετατρέποντάς τους από παθητικούς δέκτες σε ενεργούς συμμετέχοντες.
Υπολογιστική προσέγγιση της εξέλιξης καρκινικών όγκων
Authors: Αμπατζόγλου Παντελής
Published: June 2016

Ο καρκίνος είναι μία ασθένεια η οποία οφείλεται στην ανισορροπία ανάμεσα στους παράγοντες και τους μηχανισμούς που ορίζουν τον κύκλο ζωής των κυττάρων. Τα καρκινικά κύτταρα δημιουργούν όγκους και οι παράγοντες που ορίζουν την εξέλιξη του καρκινικού όγκου ανήκουν σε δυο κατηγορίες, τους ενδοκυτταρικούς και τους εξωκυτταρικούς. Οι ενδοκυτταρικοί παράγοντες αναφέρονται στις μεταλλάξεις του γονιδιακού υλικού των κυττάρων και του φαινοτύπου των, ενώ οι εξωκυτταρικοί αναφέρονται στο περιβάλλον του κυττάρου και συμπεριλαμβάνουν παράγοντες όπως η συγκέντρωση οξυγόνου, γλυκόζης, αναστολέων κ.α. Επιπρόσθετοι παράγοντες στην ανάπτυξη του καρκινικού όγκου είναι και η μηχανική συμπεριφορά των καρκινικών κυττάρων σε σχέση με το περιβάλλον τους (μηχανική συμπίεση κυττάρων σε θέσεις ελάχιστης εντροπίας, κυτταρική μετακίνηση και κυτταρικές συνάψεις). Στόχος είναι η μαθηματική - υπολογιστική μοντελοποίηση της ανάπτυξης των καρκινικών όγκων ειδικότερα όταν αυτοί ακόμα βρίσκονται στη φάση T0 έως Τ2, δηλαδή πριν την αγγειογένεση.
Editorial
Authors: Λιοναράκης Αντώνης
Published: June 2016

Με το έβδομο τεύχος του έτους 2008 το περιοδικό ΑΝΟΙΚΤΗ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗ ξεκινά μια νέα πορεία ψηφιακής μορφής όλων των δεδομένων του περιοδικού. Η ΑΝΟΙΚΤΗ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗ από δω και στο εξής θα είναι κυριολεκτικά «ανοικτή» σε όλους και προσβάσιμη σε κάθε ενδιαφερόμενο χωρίς περιορισμούς.Η μικρή καθυστέρηση που υπήρξε στην έκδοση του τεύχους αυτού, μας επέτρεψε να αναπροσδιορίσουμε τον τρόπο και τη μορφή της νέας έκδοσης.
Program Bytes - Satellite Meetings, SIGs, and AKEs at ISMB 2016
Authors: Fogg Christiana N.
Published: June 2016

The International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB) is gearing up for its flagship meeting, ISMB.  The conference is the world’s largest gathering of computational biology and bioinformatics researchers. The ISMB 2016 pre-conference program will feature 17 special interest group and satellite meetings over the course of two days. This article previews those special meetings at ISCB’s flagship meeting, ISMB.
ISMB 2016 offers outstanding science, networking, and celebration
Authors: Fogg Christiana N.
Published: June 2016

The annual international conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology (ISMB) is the major meeting of the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB). Over the past 23 years the ISMB conference has grown to become the world's largest bioinformatics/computational biology conference. ISMB 2016 will be the year's most important computational biology event globally.

The conferences provide a multidisciplinary forum for disseminating the latest developments in bioinformatics/computational biology. ISMB brings together scientists from computer science, molecular biology, mathematics, statistics and related fields. Its principal focus is on the development and application of advanced computational methods for biological problems. ISMB 2016 offers the strongest scientific program and the broadest scope of any international bioinformatics/computational biology conference. Building on past successes, the conference is designed to cater to variety of disciplines within the bioinformatics/computational biology community. 

ISMB 2016 takes place July 8 - 12 at the Swan and Dolphin Hotel in Orlando, Florida, United States. For two days preceding the conference, additional opportunities including Satellite Meetings, Student Council Symposium, and a selection of Special Interest Group Meetings and Applied Knowledge Exchange Sessions (AKES) are all offered to enable registered participants to learn more on the latest methods and tools within specialty research areas.
Strategies to support prevention, identification and management of pressure ulcers in the community
Authors: Payne Drew
Published: June 2016

Pressure ulcers are classified as serious incidents, cause pain and distress, and are a source of infection. Unlike patients in hospital, those in the community spend only a small amount of time with healthcare practitioners, so strategies are required to ensure they remain protected against pressure damage when community nurses are not with them. A risk assessment should be carried out to outline a patient's risks and used to develop a strategy for that person. Patients have different risks so prevention strategies need to be tailored individually. Strategies, which cover issues such as pressure-relieving equipment, mattress type, mobility aids and nutrition, should be monitored to ensure they continue to meet patients' needs, as their health, carers and other matters may change. Patients and their carers may need education on ulcers, including on myths, as it is essential they are involved.
Adapting a SSKIN bundle for carers to aid identification of pressure damage and ulcer risks in the community
Authors: McCoulough Siobhan
Published: June 2016

If pressure damage is identified and addressed at an early stage, it may be reversed. Otherwise, it may quickly progress into a serious deep tissue injury. In the community, most daily skin care is undertaken by formal and informal carers. They therefore need to know how to identify signs that pressure ulcers may develop and what immediate actions to take. NICE guidance on pressure ulcer prevention is too extensive to be a simple tool for carers, so a SSKIN bundle was adapted for community use. This ensures carers know how to prevent and identify pressure damage, and includes skin care, repositioning and use of equipment. Carers need training. This is the responsibility of all involved with the patient, including health-care and local authority services.
Effectiveness of a pressure-redistributing cushion for low-to medium-risk patients in care homes
Authors: Mossman Bernadette , Hampton Sylvie
Published: June 2016

A small, non-controlled evaluation set out to assess the effectiveness of the Airospring AS200 cushion in preventing the development of pressure ulcers in patients in nursing/care home and hospice settings. Ten patients, assessed as being at low-to-medium risk of pressure ulceration, were recruited into the evaluation; the mean age was 82.7 years. Of these, nine were living in nursing/care homes and one in a hospice. The follow-up period was 4 weeks for nursing/care home patients and 2 weeks for the hospice patient. Seven patients had a cognitive impairment. All patients were chairfast or had limited mobility. Of the 10 patients, one (from a care home) was withdrawn from the evaluation at week 2 because of a deterioration in her condition, although her skin remained intact. At the end of the follow-up period, the sacral skin was still intact in seven patients out of the nine remaining, but one patient developed persistent signs of blanching erythema. These preliminary results indicate that this pressure-redistributing cushion is largely effective in preventing pressure ulceration.
Reflections on Infant Mental Health Week 2016
Authors: Penney Juliette J
Published: June 2016

Juliette J Penney reflects on the concept of infant mental health, what it looks like and what it means for health visitors.
Newly qualified health visitor: Leading the conversation
Authors: Forbes Lisa
Published: June 2016

As her caseload increases and she develops experience in working with families who have more complex needs, Lisa Forbes reflects on the need to encourage clients to lead the conversation to get the help they really want.
Toward 2020: Celebrating Nursing and Midwifery Leadership
Authors: Shaw Pamela
Published: June 2016

The third Commonwealth Nurses and Midwives Federation conference (CNMC) took place from 12–13 March 2016 at the Royal College of Physicians in London.
Minor injuries and ailments. 6: Ingestion of foreign bodies and choking
Authors: Tinsley Elizabeth
Published: June 2016

When a child is exposed to a substance that is harmful to their health, this is considered poisoning ( NHS Choices, 2016a ). Most poisoning incidents involve medicines, household products and cosmetics, and occur in the home, predominantly affecting children under the age of 5 years ( Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (ROSPA), 2016a ; NHS Choices, 2016a ). Every day, around 15 young children are admitted to hospital because they have swallowed something poisonous ( Child Accident Prevention Trust, 2016a ), and around 28 000 children receive treatment each year for poisoning or suspected poisoning ( ROSPA, 2016a ). Poisonings can cause serious long-term effects on a child's health and can also result in death. This article will focus on managing and treating the ingestion of foreign bodies and choking in children at home; when parents should be advised to attend A&E; and when to call an ambulance.
Asthma in the under-5s: A pragmatic approach to supporting families
Authors: Cuffwright Margaret
Published: June 2016

This article aims to provide knowledge and practical help to health visitors who support parents of children under the age of 5 years to manage wheeze and asthma. Young children with respiratory symptoms are frequent users of unscheduled care and GP consultations, and health visitors are well placed to promote guided self-management at home. Asthma is difficult to diagnose in young children, and parents need to understand how a diagnosis is made over time and the importance of review as part of this process. Working in partnership with parents is the cornerstone of health visiting, and these skills can be used to help parents make sense of clinician decision-making with regard to managing respiratory symptoms and asthma in young children.
Weighing it all up
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: June 2016

Try these varied activities which will help children to understand how scales work and support them to experiment with their many uses. Weighing objects brings maths to life and links to physical development.
Deep space dough
Authors: Clarke Jenni
Published: June 2016

Jenni Clarke continues her series exploring the versatility of play dough. Here she suggests adding dark colours and some sparkle, to work within a space theme, and help children create their own special pictures.
Off to school…
Authors: Doyle Phoebe
Published: June 2016

The move to ‘big’ school is an exciting event for both parents and child. Pheobe Doyle examines how parents can approach this transition and what practical and emotional support will be useful to them.
Nemo, then Dory
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: June 2016

New Disney movie, Finding Dory, is heading to a cinema near you. Find out how the follow-up to Finding Nemo can provide the perfect hook for PSED explorations with a fish and seaside theme.
Trashing Marilyn: Reflections of a metabiographer
Authors: Churchwell Sarah
Published: June 2016

This article reflects upon the act of writing a biography of Marilyn Monroe, a process which includes the reading of 300 extant biographies. By examining questions of value and judgment attached to writing about Monroe, the article proceeds to consider how judgments are made about Monroe herself through a process of pathology. Challenging this, and the cultural belittling of Monroe’s achievements, Sarah Churchwell argues that sensationalist biographies frequently assert uncontested truths while, in fact, most offer deeply contested conjectures. The article dismantles these fictions and enables a different, less culturally laden Monroe to emerge.
Marilyn and her female audiences: Consumption, transgression, emulation
Authors: Church Gibson Pamela
Published: June 2016

Marilyn Monroe has been variously claimed as both symbol and product of the new consumerism and changing mores of the 1950s. A few hundred Monroe-inspired books are currently in print, ranging from biographies to different modes of academic investigation; although there are within them often rather brief accounts of her onand off-screen mode of self-presentation, more attention should certainly be paid to the impact of her appearance on contemporary female audiences in this very complex decade. For during the years of her stardom, the patterns of behaviour and the dress codes then offered to women past their teenage years were particularly restrictive. But although elements of Monroe’s style were certainly copied at mass market level, she was never claimed as a ‘fashion icon’ like other stars. She was arguably stigmatized too by class hauteur and her perceived subversive potential.
Ghostly threads: Painting Marilyn Monroe’s white dresses
Authors: Lomax Cathy
Published: June 2016

In 2012 I started a series of paintings of Marilyn Monroe’s white dresses. While painting, it became apparent that they were more about the body inside them than about the dresses themselves. Since her tragic and much speculated-over death, Monroe has been infantilized and cast as a victim by many biographers, while at the same time being used as a figurehead for a multiplicity of ideas around sexuality, whiteness, ‘otherness’ and feminism by theorists and artists. In the article I look at how Monroe’s image, despite, or maybe because of, her efforts to control it during her lifetime, has continued to be influential. I refer to specific examples of her film roles and her costumes to unpick why she is still such a fascinating figure and why my paintings, while not actually featuring Monroe, manage to convey a powerful essence of her through the trace of her body.
Diversity & Distribution of Tropical Macrolichens in Shettihalli Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, Southern India
Authors: Vinayaka K S
Published: June 2016

A total of 58 species of lichens were documented from the present study area, which is located between 13°40ʹ and 14°05ʹ N to 75°10ʹ and 75°35ʹ E longitude with wide range of ecosystem diversity at Shettihalli wildlife sanctuary, Shimoga district of Karnataka, India. We have surveyed a total area of 396 sq km which supports for 41 genera of lichens from 22 families. Some important lichen genera of the areas are Ramalina, Usnea, Heteroderma, Parmotrema etc. Corticolous lichens were found to be dominated in abundance, represented by 86%. Crustose lichens were represented by 54 species followed by foliose (43) and fruticose (14) species. The present investigations showed that the deciduous forests support a good macrolichen community’s diversity then the semi-evergreen forests in nearby area. An interesting observation made in the area is that fruticose lichens were restricted to branches of the tree and main trunk was dominated by foliose lichens. Important host trees which support the growth and distribution of lichens in the area are Tectona grandis, Terminalia spp., Adina cordifolia, Hopea spp., and Xylia xylocarpa
Why life presupposes semiosis
Authors: Deely John
Published: June 2016

“Semiosis” comes to us from Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914) as a coinage derived from Locke’s 1690 coinage of “semiotics”. In early to late-middle twentieth century, however, with the notable exception of Juri Lotman (1922–1993), who knew Locke’s work, this “new science” for studying signs was known rather as “semiology”, the name proposed by Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913), who was ignorant of Locke’s earlier proposal. Drawing upon Locke’s original terminology, Thomas A. Sebeok distinguished between anthroposemiotics as the exclusive realm of “semiology” and zoösemiotics as studying the action of signs throughout the animal kingdom. Sebeok identified Saussure’s “semiology”, accordingly, as a pars pro toto fallacy: the fallacy of mistaking a part for the whole, and later concluded that “sign-science and life-science are co-extensive”, a thesis establishing the framework for studying the action of signs throughout the realm of living things, or biosemiotics. The present essay addresses the question of whether the unnecessarily reductive interpretation of this thesis as restricting sign-action to the living world is not itself a further illustration of Sebeok’s pars pro toto fallacy, inasmuch as communication involves sign-activity whether it occurs in the living world or the non-living world of inanimate beings.
Metaphors, semiotics, and future studies
Authors: Tarasti Eero
Published: June 2016

Metaphor is one of the key concepts of semiotics. This essay has been written with the aim in mind of defining a new application of the field of semiotics, namely what I call ‘future studies’. The paper deals with three issues: (i) the theory of metaphors as such, much discussed in the semiotic literature; (ii) what semiotics says about the future; and (iii) what kind of semiotics we are considering here. I propose to explore the problem of metaphors and the future of semiotics in the light of my own new theory, which I call ‘existential semiotics’. Existential semiotics is a combination of the continental philosophy and the semiotic tradition. It investigates sign phenomena in our living world i.e. Dasein in the light of transcendence and its appearance. This new semiotic theory stems from the Paris school and maintains many of its central notions.
Numerical semigroups in a problem about cost-effective transport
Authors: Robles-Pérez Aureliano M. , Rosales José Carlos
Published: June 2016

Let

ℕ

${{\mathbb{N}}}$

be the set of nonnegative integers. A problem about how to transport profitably an organized group of persons leads us to study the set T formed by the integers n such that the system of inequalities, with nonnegative integer coefficients,

a
1

⁢

x
1

+
⋯
+

a
p

⁢

x
p

<
n
<

b
1

⁢

x
1

+
⋯
+

b
p

⁢

x
p

$a_{1}x_{1}+\cdots+a_{p}x_{p}<n<b_{1}x_{1}+\cdots+b_{p}x_{p}$

has at least one solution in

ℕ
p

${{\mathbb{N}}^{p}}$

. We will see that

T
∪

{
0
}

${T\cup\{0\}}$

is a numerical semigroup. Moreover, we will show that a numerical semigroup S can be obtained in this way if and only if

{

a
+
b

-
1

,

a
+
b
+
1

}

⊆
S

${\{a+b-1,a+b+1\}\subseteq S}$

, for all

a
,
b

∈

S
∖

{
0
}

${a,b\in S\setminus\{0\}}$

. In addition, we will demonstrate that such numerical semigroups form a Frobenius variety and we will study this variety. Finally, we show an algorithmic process in order to compute T.
The Riesz potential in generalized Orlicz spaces
Authors: Harjulehto Petteri , Hästö Peter
Published: June 2016

In this article we prove a Riesz potential estimate
and a Sobolev inequality for general generalized
Orlicz spaces. Our assumptions are natural
generalizations of the

log

${\log}$

-Hölder continuity
that is commonly used in the variable exponent case.
We also provide a number of useful auxiliary
results including a normalization of the Φ-function and its behavior under duality
A characterization of singular packing subspaces with an application to limit-periodic operators
Authors: Carvalho Silas L. , de Oliveira César R.
Published: June 2016

A new characterization of the singular packing subspaces of general bounded self-adjoint operators is presented, which is used to show that the set of operators whose spectral measures have upper packing dimension equal to one is a

G
δ

${G_{\delta}}$

(in suitable metric spaces). As an application, it is proven that, generically (in space of continuous sampling functions), spectral measures of the limit-periodic Schrödinger operators have upper packing dimensions equal to one. Consequently, in a generic set, these operators are quasiballistic.
The Effects of Molding Materials on Microstructure and Wear Behavior of A356 Alloy
Authors: Yildirim Musa , Özyürek Dursun , Tunçay Tansel
Published: June 2016

In this study, the effect of molding materials on microstructure and wear behavior of A356 alloy was investigated. Different microstructures were obtained by casting A356 alloy into the molds made from three different materials. Homogenization and aging heat treatments were applied as cast blocks. The aged samples were tested by pin-on-disk-type standard wear equipment. The results showed that casting into different mold materials resulted in different microstructures of A356 alloy. Microstructures of the Al–Si–Mg alloy differ depending on the mold materials. Secondary dendrite arm space (SDAS) decreased proportionally with increasing cooling rate. Based on the cooling rate, hardness values of the alloy also differ. As the cooling rate increased, hardness of the alloy increased. The SDAS increased due to the decreasing cooling rate. In wear tests, increasing weight loss was observed with decreasing cooling rate.
Community-based positive youth development program in Hong Kong: views of the program implementers
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Ng Catalina S.M. , Law Moon Y.M.
Published: June 2016

Based on the data collected from the Tier 1 Program of a community-based positive youth development program (Project P.A.T.H.S.) in 2013, the current study explored the perspectives of 634 program implementers who implemented the Tier 1 Program in Hong Kong. Upon the completion of the program, the program implementers responded to a validated client satisfaction scale (Form B). The results showed that the program implementers perceived the program, implementers and benefits of the program in a positive manner. However, there were no differences among perceived program content, implementers and effectiveness across the three grades. Consistent with previous studies, perceived program predicted effectiveness of the program. Nevertheless, program implementers did not predict program effectiveness. Once again, the present findings indicated that the Tier 1 Program was well received by the program implementers.
Evaluation of programs for adolescents with greater psychosocial needs: community-based Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Law Moon Y.M.
Published: June 2016

This study examined the perceptions of the Tier 2 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social programmes) among Chinese secondary school students displaying greater psychosocial needs. Results showed that participants held positive views of program qualities, implementer qualities, as well as the perceived effectiveness of the program. Significant grade differences in terms of various indicators of satisfaction related to program qualities, implementer qualities, and program effectiveness were found. Correlation analyses showed that there were significant inter-relationships amongst program qualities, implementer qualities and program effectiveness. In line with the predictions, both program qualities and implementer qualities were significant predictors of perceived program effectiveness. The present study provides support for the perceived effectiveness of the Tier 2 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in the community-based project context.
Positive youth development programs for adolescents with greater psychosocial needs: evaluation based on program implementers
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Ng Catalina S.M. , Law Moon Y.M.
Published: June 2016

As program implementers’ views are seldom included in program evaluation and there are few related studies in different Chinese communities, this study examined the perceptions of the program implementers who implemented the Tier 2 Program of the P.A.T.H.S. Program in Hong Kong. The Tier 2 Program was designed to promote the development of adolescents with greater psychosocial needs. In the community-based P.A.T.H.S. Project, 400 program implementers completed a subjective outcome evaluation form (Form D) for program implementers. Consistent with the previous findings, program implementers generally held positive views towards the program, implementers, and program effectiveness and their views towards these three domains did not differ across grades. In line with the hypotheses, perceived program quality and perceived implementer quality predicted program effectiveness. The present findings provided an alternative perspective showing that the Tier 2 Program was well received by the program implementers and they regarded the program to be beneficial to the program participants.
Teachers’ views of a new general education program in Hong Kong: a qualitative study
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Yu Lu , Wu Florence K.Y. , Chai Wen Y.
Published: June 2016

Under the new education reform in Hong Kong, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) has expanded its undergraduate education from 3 to 4 years since the 2012–2013 academic year. Along with the transition, the General University Requirements (GUR) has been developed as an integral part on general education of the new 4-year undergraduate curriculum of PolyU. The present study examined the implementation quality and effectiveness of the GUR in the 2012–2013 academic year based on focus group interviews with teachers. Twenty teachers who taught GUR subjects were interviewed for their perceptions and experiences about the GUR. Results revealed that the teachers generally had positive perceptions of the GUR in terms of its rationales, teaching and learning modes, and implementation quality. GUR subjects were also considered effective in helping students to develop in a holistic manner. The findings suggest that the first-year implementation of the GUR at PolyU was basically successful.
Focus group evaluation of teachers’ views on a new general education program in Hong Kong
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Yu Lu , Chi Xinli
Published: June 2016

Using teachers’ focus group interviews (n=40), this study examined the impact of the General University Requirements (GUR) implemented at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU). Results showed that teachers were generally satisfied with the GUR subjects and its implementation in its second year. Teachers regarded the design of GUR subjects was good and the students generally welcomed the subjects. Interactive teaching and learning methods adopted in GUR subjects such as fieldwork, hands-on projects, and team debates were highly appreciated by the respondents. Teachers also reflected that the GUR had promoted the intrapersonal and interpersonal development of the students. However, several challenges were also reported by teachers, including the difficulty level of Freshman Seminar subjects and lack of interaction in some GUR subjects, which suggested directions for further improvements.
Student feedback on a pioneer subject on leadership and intrapersonal development in Hong Kong
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Yu Lu , Xie Qiu Zhi
Published: June 2016

To promote leadership and intrapersonal development in university students, a subject entitled “Tomorrow’s Leaders” was developed and offered at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. To assess the perceived effectiveness of this subject, 647 students completed the student feedback questionnaire (SFQ). Results showed that the feedback questionnaire had very good psychometric properties, including internal consistency reliability and construct validity. Regarding students’ views of the subject, results showed that students generally had good evaluation of the content of the subject, teaching quality, and perceived benefits of the subject. The present findings have implications for the teaching of general education regarding leadership development.
Engaging with friends and enemies: Sociolinguistic implications of contact between the Awá-Guajá and their Tupí-Guaraní neighbors
Authors: Forline Louis , Silva Magalhães Marina Maria
Published: June 2016

Post-colonial interactions between indigenous groups in Amazonia have intrigued observers since contact was established between non-indigenous Brazilians and first-nation peoples. Exchanges between different ethnic groups were largely referred toen passantor in an anecdotal manner. Yet an expanding literature dealing with the dynamics of interethnic contact can now help assess the historical precedents and sociolinguistic features between different indigenous communities. In this article we explore the contact history of the Awá-Guajá of eastern Amazonia, and the sociolinguistic variation that developed between their different communities and neighboring indigenous groups. The Awá-Guajá came into permanent contact with Brazilian mainstream society in 1973 and were settled into four communities by Brazil’s Indian Service. They are Tupí-Guaraní speakers and can converse with other members of this language family, namely, the Ka’apor and Tenetehara. This interaction reveals linguistic affinities and a distinct historical engagement between these groups. Loan words and dialects developed from these relationships, and each group was also influenced by the enveloping machinations of mainstream society. The Awá-Guajá defer to the Ka’apor and Tenetehara yet keep a guarded distance from them, exposing an interesting dynamic that remits us to power relations, historical ecology, and the looming influence of the Brazilian state.
A priori error analysis for optimal distributed control problem governed by the first order linear hyperbolic equation: hp-streamline diffusion discontinuous galerkin method
Authors: Xiong Chunguang , Luo Fusheng , Ma Xiuling , Li Yu’an
Published: June 2016

In the current paper, we derive the
Qualitative analysis and numerical solution of burgers’ equation via B-spline collocation with implicit euler method on piecewise uniform mesh
Authors: Gupta Vikas , Kadalbajoo Mohan K.
Published: June 2016

In the present paper, a numerical method is proposed for solving one-dimensional time dependent Burgers’ equation for various values of Reynolds number on a rectangular domain in the
Error analysis of finite element and finite volume methods for some viscoelastic fluids
Authors: Lukáčová-Medvid’ová Mária , Mizerová Hana , She Bangwei , Stebel Jan
Published: June 2016

We present the error analysis of a particular Oldroyd-B type model with the limiting Weissenberg number going to infinity. Assuming a suitable regularity of the exact solution we study the error estimates of a standard finite element method and of a combined finite element/finite volume method. Our theoretical result shows first order convergence of the finite element method and the error of the order 𝓞(
Konsumausgaben als Wohlstandsindikator – was können sie uns über Armut und Ungleichheit berichten?
Authors: Hörstermann Katharina
Published: June 2016

In der internationalen Forschung gilt der Konsum als adäquater Indikator für den Wohlstand eines Haushalts, in der deutschsprachigen Forschung hingegen das Einkommen. Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht, inwiefern sich konsum- und einkommensbasierte Wohlstandsindikatoren unterscheiden und ob durch die Berücksichtigung der Konsumausgaben eine Gruppe hinsichtlich verschiedener Lebensstandardmerkmale benachteiligter Haushalte identifiziert werden kann. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich auf der Basis der Konsumausgaben ein positiveres Urteil für Deutschland bezüglich Ungleichheit und Armut fällen lässt als auf der Basis der Einkommen. Die Betrachtung verschiedener Lebensstandardmerkmale zeigt außerdem, dass durch die Konsumperspektive eine Gruppe von Haushalten in den Fokus der Armutsanalysen rückt, die hoch verschuldet ist und der nur ein geringer Anteil ihrer Ausgaben zur Wahrung sozialer Teilhabe verbleibt.
Nonlinear Dynamic Characteristics of Oil-in-Water Emulsions
Authors: Yin Zhaoqi , Han Yunfeng , Ren Yingyu , Yang Qiuyi , Jin Ningde
Published: June 2016

In this article, the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of oil-in-water emulsions under the addition of surfactant were experimentally investigated. Firstly, based on the vertical upward oil–water two-phase flow experiment in 20 mm inner diameter (ID) testing pipe, dynamic response signals of oil-in-water emulsions were recorded using vertical multiple electrode array (VMEA) sensor. Afterwards, the recurrence plot (RP) algorithm and multi-scale weighted complexity entropy causality plane (MS-WCECP) were employed to analyse the nonlinear characteristics of the signals. The results show that the certainty is decreasing and the randomness is increasing with the increment of surfactant concentration. This article provides a novel method for revealing the nonlinear dynamic characteristics, complexity, and randomness of oil-in-water emulsions with experimental measurement signals.
Syntheses, single-crystal structures, vibrational spectra and DSC/TG analyses of orthorhombic and trigonal Ag[N(CN)2]
Authors: Reckeweg Olaf , Schulz Armin , Schneck Christof , Lissner Falk , Schleid Thomas
Published: June 2016

Colorless powders of orthorhombic Ag[N(CN)2] were synthesized by blending aqueous solutions Ag[NO3] with stoichiometric amounts of Na[N(CN)2] equally dissolved in water. Single crystals of both modifications of Ag[N(CN)2] could be obtained by recrystallizing the powder with aqueous ammonia. Non-isothermal evaporation of the solvent at room temperature within a few hours yielded the orthorhombic modification as the main product crystallizing in the space group Pnma (no. 62) with the unit-cell parameters a = 1612.45(12), b = 361.58(3) and c = 599.02(4) pm (Z = 4). Upon evaporating the solvent much more slowly, isothermally within a few days, mainly thin hexagonal platelets of the trigonal modification of Ag[N(CN)2] were obtained, crystallizing in the space group P3121 (no. 152) with the lattice constants a = 359.86(3) and c = 2285.91(17) pm (Z = 3). Both results corroborate earlier structure determinations, but show higher precision. The vibrational spectra confirm the presence of the dicyanamide anion [N(CN)2]−, but exhibit slight differences to literature data. Differential scanning calorimetry/thermogravimetry (DSC/TG) analyses were performed to further characterize the two modifications.
Single functionalization of fenestrindane and centrohexaindane at the molecular periphery
Authors: Linke Jens , Kuck Dietmar
Published: June 2016

The single functionalization of the parent centropolyindane hydrocarbons fenestrindane (2) and centrohexaindane (3) at the molecular arene periphery has been studied. The monoformylation of 2 and 3 using the Rieche method resulted in the corresponding aldehydes, 7 and 10, in 23% and 35% yield, respectively. The Friedel-Crafts acetylation of 2 furnished 2-acetylfenestrindane (8) in 53% yield, and the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of 7 followed by hydrolysis resulted in the 2-hydroxyfenestrindane (9) in 72% yield. The results show that electrophilic attack at one of the eight or, respectively, even 12 equivalent positions of 2 and 3 is a viable method for the monofunctionalization of these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Cerium intermetallics with TiNiSi-type structure
Authors: Janka Oliver , Niehaus Oliver , Pöttgen Rainer , Chevalier Bernard
Published: June 2016

Intermetallic compounds with the equiatomic composition CeTX that crystallize with the orthorhombic TiNiSi-type structure can be synthesized with electron-rich transition metals (T) and X = Zn, Al, Ga, Si, Ge, Sn, As, Sb, and Bi. The present review focusses on the crystal chemistry and chemical bonding of these CeTX phases and on their physical properties, 119Sn and 121Sb Mössbauer spectra, high-pressure effects, hydrogenation reactions and the formation of solid solutions in order to elucidate structure–property relationships. This paper is the final one of a series of four reviews on equiatomic intermetallic cerium compounds [Part I: Z. Naturforsch. 2015, 70b, 289; Part II: Z. Naturforsch. 2015, 70b, 695; Part III: Z. Naturforsch. 2016, 71b, 165].
Efectos del tratamiento contable del leasing en la estructura financiera de las pymes: tratamiento contable nacional e internacional
Authors: Parra Bohórquez Edwin Johann , Quintanilla Ortiz Diego Alexander
Published: June 2016

En el marco del proceso de internacionalización contable que se sigue actualmente, el analizar el impacto que tiene el adoptar las normas emitidas por el IASB en la estructura financiera de las empresas y, en especial las Pymes, cobra importancia. En este escrito, se analiza la alternativa de financiación del leasing desde el punto de vista de su tratamiento contable, confrontando la norma nacional con el estándar internacional, evaluando de esta manera el impacto financiero que traería consigo el adoptar lineamientos internacionales para una Pyme en el caso colombiano.