bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heavy-lifting of gauge theories by cosmic inflation
Authors: Kumar Soubhik , Sundrum Raman
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Future measurements of primordial non-Gaussianity can reveal cosmologically produced particles with masses of order the inflationary Hubble scale and their interactions with the inflaton, giving us crucial insights into the structure of fundamental physics at extremely high energies. We study gauge-Higgs theories that may be accessible in this regime, carefully imposing the constraints of gauge symmetry and its (partial) Higgsing. We distinguish two types of Higgs mechanisms: (i) a standard one in which the Higgs scale is constant before and after inflation, where the particles observable in non-Gaussianities are far heavier than can be accessed by laboratory experiments, perhaps associated with gauge unification, and (ii) a “heavy-lifting” mechanism in which couplings to curvature can result in Higgs scales of order the Hubble scale during inflation while reducing to far lower scales in the current era, where they may now be accessible to collider and other laboratory experiments. In the heavy-lifting option, renormalization-group running of terrestrial measurements yield predictions for cosmological non-Gaussianities. If the heavy-lifted gauge theory suffers a hierarchy problem, such as does the Standard Model, confirming such predictions would demonstrate a striking violation of the Naturalness Principle. While observing gauge-Higgs sectors in non-Gaussianities will be challenging given the constraints of cosmic variance, we show that it may be possible with reasonable precision given favorable couplings to the inflationary dynamics.
Dark Matter signals at the LHC from a 3HDM
Authors: Cordero A. , Hernandez-Sanchez J. , Keus V. , King S. F. , Moretti S. , Rojas D. , Sokolowska D.
Published: May 2018

Abstract

We analyse new signals of Dark Matter (DM) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in a 3-Higgs Doublet Model (3HDM) where only one doublet acquires a Vacuum Expectation Value (VEV), preserving a parity Z
2. The other two doublets are inert and do not develop a VEV, leading to a dark scalar sector controlled by Z
2, with the lightest CP-even dark scalar H
1 being the DM candidate. This leads to the loop induced decay of the next-to-lightest scalar,

$$ {H}_2\to {H}_1f\overline{f}\left(f=u,d,c,s,b,e,\mu, \tau \right) $$

H
2

→

H
1

f

f
¯

f
=
u
,
d
,
c
,
s
,
b
,
e
,
μ
,
τ

, mediated by both dark CP-odd and charged scalars. This is a smoking-gun signal of the 3HDM since it is not allowed in the 2HDM with one inert doublet and is expected to be important when H
2 and H
1 are close in mass. In practice, this signature can be observed in the cascade decay of the SM-like Higgs boson,

$$ h\to {H}_1{H}_2\to {H}_1{H}_1f\overline{f} $$

h
→

H
1

H
2

→

H
1

H
1

f

f
¯

into two DM particles and di-leptons/di-jets, where h is produced from either gluon-gluon Fusion (ggF) or Vector Boson Fusion (VBF). However, this signal competes with the tree-level channel

$$ q\overline{q}\to {H}_1{H}_1{Z}^{\ast}\to {H}_1{H}_1f\overline{f} $$

q

q
¯

→

H
1

H
1

Z
∗

→

H
1

H
1

f

f
¯

. We devise some benchmarks, compliant with collider, DM and cosmological data, for which the interplay between these modes is discussed. In particular, we show that the resulting detector signature, "Image missing", with invariant mass of

$$ f\overline{f} $$

f

f
¯

much smaller than m

Z
, can potentially be extracted already during Run 2 and 3. For example, the H
2 → H
1
γ
* and γ
* → e
+
e
− case will give a spectacular QED mono-shower signal.
Holographic entanglement and Poincaré blocks in three-dimensional flat space
Authors: Hijano Eliot , Rabideau Charles
Published: May 2018

Abstract

We propose a covariant prescription to compute holographic entanglement entropy and Poincaré blocks (Global BMS blocks) in the context of three-dimensional Einstein gravity in flat space. We first present a prescription based on worldline methods in the probe limit, inspired by recent analog calculations in AdS/CFT. Building on this construction, we propose a full extrapolate dictionary and use it to compute holographic correlators and blocks away from the probe limit.
Electrical Resistivity Imaging and the Saline Water Interface in High-Quality Coastal Aquifers
Authors: Costall A. , Harris B. , Pigois J. P.
Published: May 2018

Population growth and changing climate continue to impact on the availability of natural resources. Urbanization of vulnerable coastal margins can place serious demands on shallow groundwater. Here, groundwater management requires definition of coastal hydrogeology, particularly the seawater interface. Electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) appears to be ideally suited for this purpose. We investigate challenges and drivers for successful electrical resistivity imaging with field and synthetic experiments. Two decades of seawater intrusion monitoring provide a basis for creating a geo-electrical model suitable for demonstrating the significance of acquisition and inversion parameters on resistivity imaging outcomes. A key observation is that resistivity imaging with combinations of electrode arrays that include dipole–dipole quadrupoles can be configured to illuminate consequential elements of coastal hydrogeology. We extend our analysis of ERI to include a diverse set of hydrogeological settings along more than 100 km of the coastal margin passing the city of Perth, Western Australia. Of particular importance are settings with: (1) a classic seawater wedge in an unconfined aquifer, (2) a shallow unconfined aquifer over an impermeable substrate, and (3) a shallow multi-tiered aquifer system over a conductive impermeable substrate. We also demonstrate a systematic increase in the landward extent of the seawater wedge at sites located progressively closer to the highly urbanized center of Perth. Based on field and synthetic ERI experiments from a broad range of hydrogeological settings, we tabulate current challenges and future directions for this technology. Our research contributes to resolving the globally significant challenge of managing seawater intrusion at vulnerable coastal margins.
Short, medium and long‐term effects of density on the demographic traits of a threatened newt
Authors: Vignoli Leonardo , Velletrani Fabiana , Venditti Cristina , Luiselli Luca , Yadid Yitzhak , Macale Daniele
Published: May 2018

Mediterranean streams undergo seasonal reductions in water availability that may affect amphibian demography due to habitat loss and the concentration of individuals in the shrinking aquatic habitats. However, there are few empirical examples of how increased population density experienced by larval stages produces long‐term effects on growth and fitness at postmetamorphic stages. We tested the effect of four different larval densities on the demography and growth of the endangered stream‐dwelling newt Euproctus platycephalus. By manipulating larval populations in experimental aquaria, we analyzed the short‐term effects of density in terms of growth and mortality rates as well as of social behavior. To assess medium‐ and long‐term effects we tested the metamorph individuals after 1 and 3 years, respectively, and adults for maternal effect by assessing the relationship between mean larval size and fecundity. Larval body size and growth rate appeared inversely proportional to larval density. Density affected the incidence of aggressive behavior by increasing the rate of mutilation to arms and tail. One‐year‐old salamanders raised at the highest larval density grew significantly less. All 3‐year‐old individuals reached comparable body size and body condition irrespective of initial larval density. Salamanders presented a positive relationship between maternal size and (1) fecundity and (2) larval size. In natural conditions, increased density may cause slower growth and a reduction in the percentage of individuals reaching metamorphosis. Prolonged dry periods and increased water withdrawals for agricultural and industrial practices have almost certainly affected the population dynamics of Sardinian newt populations in the long term.
Introduction
Authors: Brown Stewart J.
Published: May 2018

The theme of this fifty-fourth volume of Studies in Church History is ‘The Church and Empire’, and the twenty-three articles included here explore the complex and ever-evolving relationship of ecclesiastical and imperial power within a range of historical contexts. The articles represent plenary addresses and a selection of the communications presented at two highly successful Ecclesiastical History Society conferences during my presidential year – a Summer Conference held at the University of Edinburgh in July 2016 and a Winter Meeting held at Magdalene College, Cambridge, in January 2017. Both conferences attracted a large number of speakers and participants from across the world, and reflected the considerable scholarly interest in questions concerning the relations of Church and empire. These questions include the extent to which Christianity in the Western world became linked to the political power of large imperial states, the nature and extent of the connection of Christianity to the expansion of Western imperialism in the early modern and modern periods, and the manner in which the Church often came into conflict with imperial power, especially when Christians insisted on the spiritual independence of the Church and on maintaining an independent Christian moral witness against the wars of conquest, cruelty, racism, oppression and arrogance of power that too often have been associated with imperial rule.
Queen Adelaide and the Extension of Anglicanism in Malta
Authors: Dixon Nicholas
Published: May 2018

On a visit to Malta in 1838, Queen Adelaide expressed severe disappointment that the British colony did not possess a purpose-built Anglican place of worship. She determined to fund the building of one at her personal expense and within six years the grandiose neoclassical church of St Paul's, Valletta, was completed. This imposing structure occupied an ambiguous position in a colony where the British government was pledged to maintain Roman Catholicism. St Paul's was ostensibly intended for the existing Anglican population in Malta. However, the church was perceived by both evangelicals and Roman Catholics as a potential instrument of propagating Protestantism. In examining the basis for these perceptions, this article suggests that St Paul's was part of a larger effort, driven by high church clergy connected with the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK), to influence the Maltese towards greater sympathy with the Anglican tradition, while avoiding overt proselytizing. The concomitant establishment of the diocese of Gibraltar in 1842 was, it is argued, key to this enterprise. The analysis advanced here has important implications for our understanding of Anglicanism in an imperial context, the contribution of royal patronage to this process and the conflict between religious and governmental imperatives.
Englishness, Empire and Nostalgia: A Heterodox Religious Community's Appeal in the Inter-War Years
Authors: Shaw Jane
Published: May 2018

This article looks at the ways in which the Panacea Society – a heterodox, millenarian group based in Bedford during the inter-war years – spread its ideas: through personal, familial and shared belief networks across the British empire; by building new modes of attracting adherents, in particular a global healing ministry; and by shipping its publications widely. It then examines how the society appealed to its (white) members in the empire in three ways: through its theology, which put Britain at the centre of the world; by presuming the necessity and existence of a ‘Greater Britain’ and the British empire, while in so many other quarters these entities were being questioned in the wake of World War I; and by a deliberately cultivated and nostalgic notion of ‘Englishness’. The Panacea Society continued and developed the idea of the British empire as providential at a time when the idea no longer held currency in most circles. The article draws on the rich resource of letters in the Panacea Society archive to contribute to an emerging area of scholarship on migrants’ experience in the early twentieth-century British empire (especially the dominions) and their sense of identity, in this case both religious and British.
The Popes as Rulers of Rome in the Aftermath of Empire, 476–769
Authors: McKitterick Rosamond
Published: May 2018

This article explores the degree to which the rule and style of the bishops of Rome after the deposition of the last Roman emperor in the West in 476 had any imperial elements, in the light of the evidence contained within theLiber pontificalis. Papal rule in Rome was cast as a replacement of imperial rule in religious matters, an opportunity for the bishop to assume political responsibility and also a deliberate emulation of imperial behaviour. This is manifest above all in the textual record in theLiber pontificalisof the papal embellishment of Rome, and in the physical evidence of the extant basilicas of the city. The deliberately imperial elements of papal self-presentation and the importance of Rome's primacy, apostolic succession and orthodoxy, all articulated so emphatically within theLiber pontificalis, indicate the multitude of strands by which the papacy wove the fabric of its ownimperiumor power.
Christianity and Empire: The Catholic Mission in Late Imperial China
Authors: Hsia R. Po-chia
Published: May 2018

Reflecting on the theme of ‘Empire and Christianity’, this article compares two periods in the Catholic mission to China. The first period, between 1583 and 1800, was characterized by the accommodation of European missionaries to the laws, culture and customs of the Chinese empire during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The work of the Jesuits, in particular, demonstrated a method of evangelization in which Christian teachings could be accommodated to the political realities of Late Imperial China as exemplified by the work of Matteo Ricci, Ferdinand Verbiest, Tomas Pereira, Joachim Gerbillon and many generations of Jesuits and missionaries of other religious orders. The Chinese Rites Controversy, however, disrupted this accommodation between Christianity and empire in China. Despite tacit toleration in the capital, Christianity was outlawed after 1705. After the suppression of the Society of Jesus in 1773, Catholicism in China became increasingly indigenized. In 1842, after the defeat of the Qing empire by the British in the First Opium War, the prohibition of Christianity was lifted. Both Catholic and Protestant missionaries entered China, backed by Western diplomatic and military power. This led to the confrontation between China and Christianity, culminating in the 1900 Boxer Uprising. A concerted effort to indigenize Christianity in the early twentieth century ultimately failed, resulting in the separation of Christianity in China from global Christianity after 1950.
Die Einführung der Behandlungskonferenz auf einer Akutstation
Authors: Burr Christian , Kozel Bernd , Flansburg Susanna , Winter Andréa , Reist Sonja
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung. Auf einer akutpsychiatrischen Station wurde die Oberarztvisite sowie der interdisziplinäre Rapport durch eine Behandlungskonferenz ersetzt. Das Ziel war, mehr Partizipation und Zielorientierung zu erreichen und die Angehörigen besser einzubeziehen. Das Projekt wurde umfangreich evaluiert. In diesem Beitrag wird die Qualitative Evaluation vorgestellt.
Characteristics of Airplanes and Helicopters Recorded by a Dense Seismic Array Near Anza California
Authors: Meng Haoran , Ben‐Zion Yehuda
Published: May 2018

We observe frequent air traffic events in continuous seismic waveforms recorded for about 30 days by 1,108 vertical geophones in a tight array on the San Jacinto fault zone. The waveforms of the air traffic events resemble tremor or collections of small earthquakes. However, time‐frequency analysis reveals clear Doppler effects that can be modeled with basic equations and fitted well with parameters corresponding to airplanes and helicopters. The flying traces can be inverted by fitting the parameters at each station across the entire array. About 31 air traffic events are detected per day in the relatively remote study area, with peak activity from about 8:00 to 18:00 and significantly fewer events between 23:00 and 4:00 local time. The average event duration is about 200 s, so they cover together >7% of the day. To estimate the total time covered by earthquakes, we derive a scaling relation logτ(M) = 0.41M + 0.89 between earthquake duration and magnitudes using data of 266 earthquakes in the magnitude range 0 ≤ M ≤ 3. The results indicate that in most places, the duration of air traffic events is likely to exceed considerably the total time covered by earthquakes.
Acidification and Climate Linkages to Increased Dissolved Organic Carbon in High‐Elevation Lakes
Authors: Gavin A. L. , Nelson S. J. , Klemmer A. J. , Fernandez I. J. , Strock K. E. , McDowell W. H.
Published: May 2018

Increasing concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the northeastern U.S. have been attributed to two potential mechanisms: recovery from acidification and changing climate. Maine's high‐elevation lakes (>600m) could potentially provide unique insight into the response of surface water chemistry to declining acidic deposition and interannual climate variability. The geochemical response in 29 lakes was analyzed during 30 years of change in sulfate (
) deposition and climate. All 29 lakes exhibited positive trends in DOC from 1986 to 2015, and 19 of 29 lakes had statistically significant increases in DOC throughout the study period. These results illustrate a region‐wide change from low‐DOC lakes (<5mg/L) to moderate DOC lakes (5–30mg/L). Increasing DOC trends for these high‐elevation lakes were more consistent than for lower elevation lakes in the northeastern U.S. A linear mixed effects model demonstrated that lake water
and climate variables describe most of the variability in DOC concentrations (r2 = 0.78), and the strongest predictor of DOC concentration was an inverse relationship with
. Due to
concentrations trending toward preacidification levels and projections of a warmer, wetter, and more variable climate, there is uncertainty for the future trajectory of DOC trends in surface waters. Long‐term monitoring of Maine's high‐elevation lakes is critical to understand the recovery and response in surface water chemistry to a changing chemical and physical environment in the decades ahead.
Modulation of Annual Cycle of Tornadoes by El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Authors: Allen John T. , Molina Maria J. , Gensini Vittorio A.
Published: May 2018

Long‐term trends suggest shifts toward earlier tornado season peaks, and yet fail to examine the role of year‐to‐year climate variability. Here, El Niño–Southern Oscillation phase is demonstrated to influence annual cycle characteristics of United States tornadoes. Observations and favorable environments show substantial modification of the peak spatial distribution and the temporal onset of tornado occurrence. La Niña produces an earlier annual peak probability by 1.5–2 weeks, with a higher overall fraction of events in March and April. In contrast, El Niño leads to a week delay in the maximum probability and enhances a second peak in the fall months. Consequently, this suggests that climate change is not the sole driver of changes to seasonal onset and peak, and climate variability plays an important role in modulating the annual cycle.
Magnetospheric Multiscale Dayside Reconnection Electron Diffusion Region Events
Authors: Webster J. M. , Burch J. L. , Reiff P. H. , Daou A. G. , Genestreti K. J. , Graham D. B. , Torbert R. B. , Ergun R. E. , Sazykin S. Y. , Marshall A. , Allen R. C. , Chen L.‐J. , Wang S. , Phan T. D. , Giles B. L. , Moore T. E. , Fuselier S. A. , Cozzani G. , Russell C. T. , Eriksson S. , Rager A. C. , Broll J. M. , Goodrich K. , Wilder F.
Published: May 2018

We use high‐resolution data from dayside passes of the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission to create for the first time a comprehensive listing of encounters with the electron diffusion region (EDR), as evidenced by electron agyrotropy, ion jet reversals, and j • E′ > 0. We present an overview of these 32 EDR or near‐EDR events, which demonstrate a wide variety of observed plasma behavior inside and surrounding the reconnection site. We analyze in detail three of the 21 new EDR encounters, which occurred within a 1‐min‐long interval on 23 November 2016. The three events, which resulted from a relatively low and oscillating magnetopause velocity, exhibited large electric fields (up to ~100 mV/m), crescent‐shaped electron velocity phase space densities, large currents (≥2 μA/m2), and Ohmic heating of the plasma (~10 nW/m3). We include an Ohm's law analysis, in which we show that the divergence of the electron pressure term usually dominates the nonideal terms and is much more turbulent on the magnetosphere versus the magnetosheath side of the EDR.
Autophagic degradation of caveolin-1 promotes liver sinusoidal endothelial cells defenestration
Authors: Luo Xiaoying , Wang Dan , Zhu Xintao , Wang Guozhen , You Yuehua , Ning Zuowei , Li Yang , Jin Siyi , Huang Yun , Hu Ye , Chen Tingting , Meng Ying , Li Xu
Published: May 2018

Autophagy, interacting with actin cytoskeleton and the NO-dependent pathway, may affect the phenotype and function of endothelial cells. Moreover, caveolin-1 (Cav-1), as a structure protein in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), is closely related to autophagy. Hence, we aim to explore the role of autophagic degradation of Cav-1 in LSECs defenestration. In vivo, we found the increase of autophagy in liver sinusoidal endothelium in human fibrotic liver. Furthermore, autophagy, degradation of Cav-1, and actin filament (F-actin) remodeling were triggered during the process of CCl4-induced LSECs defenestration; in contrast, autophagy inhibitor 3MA diminished the degradation of Cav-1 to maintain fenestrae and relieve CCl4-induced fibrosis. In vitro, during LSECs defenestration, the NO-dependent pathway was down-regulated through the reduction of the PI3K–AKT–MTOR pathway and initiation of autophagic degradation of Cav-1; while, these effects were aggravated by starvation. However, VEGF inhibited autophagic degradation of Cav-1 and F-actin remodeling to maintain LSECs fenestrae via activating the PI3K–AKT–MTOR pathway. Additionally, inhibiting autophagy, such as 3MA, bafilomycin, or ATG5-siRNA, could attenuate the depletion of Cav-1 and F-actin remodeling to maintain LSECs fenestrae and improve the NO-dependent pathway; in turn, eNOS-siRNA and L-NAME, for blocking the NO-dependent pathway, could elevate autophagic degradation of Cav-1 to aggravate defenestration. Finally, overexpressed Cav-1 rescued rapamycin-induced autophagic degradation of Cav-1 to maintain LSECs fenestrae; whereas knockdown of Cav-1 facilitated defenestration due to the activation of the AMPK-dependent autophagy. Consequently, autophagic degradation of Cav-1 promotes LSECs defenestration via inhibiting the NO-dependent pathway and F-actin remodeling.
A new inhibitor of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase blocks pentose phosphate pathway and suppresses malignant proliferation and metastasis in vivo
Authors: Mele Luigi , Paino Francesca , Papaccio Federica , Regad Tarik , Boocock David , Stiuso Paola , Lombardi Angela , Liccardo Davide , Aquino Gabriella , Barbieri Antonio , Arra Claudio , Coveney Clare , La Noce Marcella , Papaccio Gianpaolo , Caraglia Michele , Tirino Virginia , Desiderio Vincenzo
Published: May 2018

Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a major glucose metabolism pathway, which has a fundamental role in cancer growth and metastasis. Even though PPP blockade has been pointed out as a very promising strategy against cancer, effective anti-PPP agents are not still available in the clinical setting. Here we demonstrate that the natural molecule polydatin inhibits glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the key enzyme of PPP. Polydatin blocks G6PD causing accumulation of reactive oxygen species and strong increase of endoplasmic reticulum stress. These effects are followed by cell cycle block in S phase, an about 50% of apoptosis, and 60% inhibition of invasion in vitro. Accordingly, in an orthotopic metastatic model of tongue cancer, 100 mg/kg polydatin induced an about 30% tumor size reduction with an about 80% inhibition of lymph node metastases and 50% reduction of lymph node size (p < 0.005). Polydatin is not toxic in animals up to a dose of 200 mg/kg and a phase II clinical trial shows that it is also well tolerated in humans (40 mg twice a day for 90 days). Thus, polydatin may be used as a reliable tool to limit human cancer growth and metastatic spread.
Supramolecularly directed rotary motion in a photoresponsive receptor
Authors: Wezenberg Sander J. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: May 2018

Stimuli-controlled motion at the molecular level has fascinated chemists already for several decades. Taking inspiration from the myriad of dynamic and machine-like functions in nature, a number of strategies have been developed to control motion in purely synthetic systems. Unidirectional rotary motion, such as is observed in ATP synthase and other motor proteins, remains highly challenging to achieve. Current artificial molecular motor systems rely on intrinsic asymmetry or a specific sequence of chemical transformations. Here, we present an alternative design in which the rotation is directed by a chiral guest molecule, which is able to bind non-covalently to a light-responsive receptor. It is demonstrated that the rotary direction is governed by the guest chirality and hence, can be selected and changed at will. This feature offers unique control of directional rotation and will prove highly important in the further development of molecular machinery.
Targeting G protein-coupled receptor signaling at the G protein level with a selective nanobody inhibitor
Authors: Gulati Sahil , Jin Hui , Masuho Ikuo , Orban Tivadar , Cai Yuan , Pardon Els , Martemyanov Kirill A. , Kiser Philip D. , Stewart Phoebe L. , Ford Christopher P. , Steyaert Jan , Palczewski Krzysztof
Published: May 2018

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activate heterotrimeric G proteins by mediating a GDP to GTP exchange in the Gα subunit. This leads to dissociation of the heterotrimer into Gα-GTP and Gβγ dimer. The Gα-GTP and Gβγ dimer each regulate a variety of downstream pathways to control various aspects of human physiology. Dysregulated Gβγ-signaling is a central element of various neurological and cancer-related anomalies. However, Gβγ also serves as a negative regulator of Gα that is essential for G protein inactivation, and thus has the potential for numerous side effects when targeted therapeutically. Here we report a llama-derived nanobody (Nb5) that binds tightly to the Gβγ dimer. Nb5 responds to all combinations of β-subtypes and γ-subtypes and competes with other Gβγ-regulatory proteins for a common binding site on the Gβγ dimer. Despite its inhibitory effect on Gβγ-mediated signaling, Nb5 has no effect on Gαq-mediated and Gαs-mediated signaling events in living cells.
Management of children and young people (CYP) with asthma: a clinical audit report
Authors: Levy Mark L , Ward Angela , Nelson Sara
Published: May 2018

An asthma attack or exacerbation signals treatment failure. Most attacks are preventable and failure to recognize risk of asthma attacks are well recognized as risk factors for future attacks and even death. Of the 19 recommendations made by the United Kingdom National Review of Asthma Deaths (NRAD) (1) only one has been partially implemented—a National Asthma Audit; however, this hasn’t reported yet. The Harrow Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) in London implemented a clinical asthma audit on 291 children and young people aged under 19 years (CYP) who had been treated for asthma attacks in 2016. This was funded as a Local Incentive Scheme (LIS) aimed at improving quality health care delivery. Two years after the publication of the NRAD report it is surprising that risks for future attacks were not recognized, that few patients were assessed objectively during attacks and only 10% of attacks were followed up within 2 days. However, it is encouraging that CYP hospital admissions following the audit were reduced by 16%, with clear benefit for patients, their families and the local health economy. This audit has provided an example of how clinicians can focus learning on patients who have had asthma attacks and utilize these events as a catalyst for active reflection in particular on modifiable risk factors. Through identification of these risks and active optimization of management, preventable asthma attacks could become ‘never events’.
Author Correction: LepVax, a defined subunit vaccine that provides effective pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis of M. leprae infection
Authors: Duthie Malcolm S. , Pena Maria T. , Ebenezer Gigi J. , Gillis Thomas P. , Sharma Rahul , Cunningham Kelly , Polydefkis Michael , Maeda Yumi , Makino Masahiko , Truman Richard W. , Reed Steven G.
Published: May 2018

A source of funding was mistakenly left out of the Acknowledgements. This research was also funded by NIAID/HRSA Interagency Agreement no. AAI15006-004-00000.
Author Correction: Skeletal muscle phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine respond to exercise and influence insulin sensitivity in men
Authors: Lee Sindre , Norheim Frode , Gulseth Hanne L. , Langleite Torgrim M. , Aker Andreas , Gundersen Thomas E. , Holen Torgeir , Birkeland Kåre I. , Drevon Christian A.
Published: May 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Remote heat dissipation in atom-sized contacts
Authors: Tsutsui Makusu , Morikawa Takanori , Yokota Kazumichi , Taniguchi Masateru
Published: May 2018

Understanding and control of heat dissipation is an important challenge in nanoelectronics wherein field-accelerated hot carriers in current-carrying ballistic systems release a large part of the kinetic energy into external bulk phonon baths. Here we report on a physical mechanism of this remote heat dissipation and its role on the stability of atomic contacts. We used a nano-fabricated thermocouple to directly characterize the self-heating in a mechanically-configurable Au junction. We found more pronounced heat dissipation at the current downstream that signifies the electron-hole asymmetry in Au nanocontacts. Meanwhile, the simultaneously measured single-atom chain lifetime revealed a minor influence of the heat dissipation on the contact stability by virtue of microleads serving as an effective heat spreader to moderate the temperature rise to several Kelvins from the ambient under microwatt input power. The present finding can be used for practical design of atomic and molecular electronic devices for heat dissipation managements.
Integrated proteomics, genomics, metabolomics approaches reveal oxalic acid as pathogenicity factor in Tilletia indica inciting Karnal bunt disease of wheat
Authors: Pandey Vishakha , Singh Manoj , Pandey Dinesh , Kumar Anil
Published: May 2018

Tilletia indicaincites Karnal bunt (KB) disease in wheat. To date, no KB resistant wheat cultivar could be developed due to non-availability of potential biomarkers related to pathogenicity/virulence for screening of resistant wheat genotypes. The present study was carried out to compare the proteomes ofT. indicahighly (TiK) and low (TiP) virulent isolates. Twenty one protein spots consistently observed as up-regulated/differential in the TiK proteome were selected for identification by MALDI-TOF/TOF. Identified sequences showed homology with fungal proteins playing essential role in plant infection and pathogen survival, including stress response, adhesion, fungal penetration, invasion, colonization, degradation of host cell wall, signal transduction pathway. These results were integrated withT. indicagenome sequence for identification of homologs of candidate pathogenicity/virulence related proteins. Protein identified in TiK isolate as malate dehydrogenase that converts malate to oxaloacetate which is precursor of oxalic acid. Oxalic acid is key pathogenicity factor in phytopathogenic fungi. These results were validated by GC-MS based metabolic profiling ofT. indicaisolates indicating that oxalic acid was exclusively identified in TiK isolate. Thus, integrated omics approaches leads to identification of pathogenicity/virulence factor(s) that would provide insights into pathogenic mechanisms of fungi and aid in devising effective disease management strategies.
Physical properties and field-induced metamagnetic transitions in UAu0.8Sb2
Authors: Zhang Wen , Guo Chunyu , Xie Donghua , Smidman Michael , Hu Bingfeng , Xia Yuanhua , Liu Yi , Tan Shiyong , Feng Wei , Zhu Xiegang , Zhang Yun , Hao Qunqing , Luo Lizhu , Yuan Huiqiu , Lai Xinchun
Published: May 2018

We have successfully synthesized single crystals of UAu0.8Sb2 using a flux method and present a comprehensive study of its physical properties by measuring the magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity and specific heat. Evidence for at least three magnetic phases is observed in the field-temperature phase diagram of UAu0.8Sb2. In zero field, the system undergoes an antiferromagnetic transition at 71 K, and upon further cooling it passes through another antiferromagnetic phase with a ferromagnetic component, before reaching a ferromagnetic ground state. A complex magnetic field-temperature phase diagram is obtained for fields along the easy c-axis, where the antiferromagnetic order eventually becomes polarized upon applying a magnetic field.
WS2 nanosheets-sensitized CdS quantum dots heterostructure for photoelectrochemical immunoassay of alpha-fetoprotein coupled with enzyme-mediated biocatalytic precipitation
Authors: Zang Yang , Ju Yun , Hu Xin , Zhou Hui , Yang Zhanjun , Jiang Jingjing , Xue Huaiguo
Published: May 2018

A sensitive photoelectrochemical immunoassay for AFP was developed via signal enhancement of WS2/CdS heterojunction and signal quenching of enzyme-mediated biocatalytic precipitation.
Fluorescent carbon dots directly derived from polyethyleneimine and their application for the detection of Co2+
Authors: Han Bingyan , Li Ying , Peng Tingting , Yu Mingbo , Hu Xixi , He Gaohong
Published: May 2018

Synthesizing CDs directly derived from PEI and their application for the detection of Co2+.
Methyl-rotation dynamics in metal–organic frameworks probed with terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Li Qi , Zaczek Adam J. , Korter Timothy M. , Zeitler J. Axel , Ruggiero Michael T.
Published: May 2018

In ZIF-8 and its cobalt analogue ZIF-67, the imidazolate methyl-groups, which point directly into the void space, have been shown to freely rotate – even down to cryogenic temperatures.
Effects of nanostructuring on the bond strength and disorder in V2O5 cathode material for rechargeable ion-batteries
Authors: Olszewski Wojciech , Isturiz Irene , Marini Carlo , Avila Marta , Okubo Masashi , Li Huiqiao , Zhou Haoshen , Mizokawa Takashi , Saini Naurang Lal , Simonelli Laura
Published: May 2018

We have investigated the nanostructuring effects on the local structure of V2O5 cathode material by means of temperature dependent V K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure measurements.
Germanene on single-layer ZnSe substrate: novel electronic and optical properties
Authors: Ye H. Y. , Hu F. F. , Tang H. Y. , Yang L. W. , Chen X. P. , Wang L. G. , Zhang G. Q.
Published: May 2018

In this work, the structural, electronic and optical properties of germanene and ZnSe substrate nanocomposites have been investigated using first-principles calculations.
Anisotropic chemical strain in cubic ceria due to oxygen-vacancy-induced elastic dipoles
Authors: Das Tridip , Nicholas Jason D. , Sheldon Brian W. , Qi Yue
Published: May 2018

Accurate characterization of chemical strain is required to study a broad range of chemical–mechanical coupling phenomena.
Insight into the electronic and mechanical properties of novel TMCrSi ternary silicides from first-principles calculations
Authors: Pan Y. , Guan W. M. , Li Y. Q.
Published: May 2018

Transition metal silicides (TMSis) are attractive advanced functional materials due to their low electronic resistivity, high melting-point, excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability.
Modelling absorption and emission of a meso-aniline–BODIPY based dye with molecular mechanics
Authors: de Jong Flip , Feldt Milica , Feldt Jonas , Harvey Jeremy N.
Published: May 2018

Absorption and emission spectra of 8-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl–BODIPY have been calculated using Coupled Cluster (CC) approaches, Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) and a QM-informed MM approach.
The role of hydrophobic hydration in the LCST behaviour of POEGMA300 by all-atom molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Dalgakiran Eray , Tatlipinar Hasan
Published: May 2018

The role of hydrophobic hydration in the LCST phase transition of POEGMA300 by means of the breakage of cage-like water formations around the side chains.
Anharmonic lattice dynamics of bcc sodium under high pressures
Authors: Li Shasha , Wang Chen , Chen Yue
Published: May 2018

Phonon power spectra of bcc sodium at 300 K under different hydrostatic pressures.
Chemical and substitutional doping, and anti-site and vacancy formation in monolayer AlN and GaN
Authors: Kadioglu Yelda , Ersan Fatih , Kecik Deniz , Aktürk Olcay Üzengi , Aktürk Ethem , Ciraci Salim
Published: May 2018

We investigated the effects of chemical/substitutional doping, hydrogenation, and anti-site and vacancy defects on the atomic, optoelectronic and magnetic properties of AlN and GaN monolayers.
Enhancement of the spin polarization of an Fe3O4(100) surface by nitric oxide adsorption
Authors: Li Z. Y. , Jibran M. , Sun X. , Pratt A. , Wang B. , Yamauchi Y. , Ding Z. J.
Published: May 2018

The spin polarization of the Fe3O4(100) surface is greatly enhanced by NO adsorption through the filling of the spin-down 2π* states.
31P and 195Pt solid-state NMR and DFT studies on platinum(i) and platinum(ii) complexes
Authors: Todisco Stefano , Saielli Giacomo , Gallo Vito , Latronico Mario , Rizzuti Antonino , Mastrorilli Piero
Published: May 2018

31P and 195Pt solid state NMR spectra on anti-[(PHCy)ClPt(μ-PCy2)2Pt(PHCy)Cl] (3) and [(PHCy2)Pt(μ-PCy2)(κ2P,O-μ-POCy2)Pt(PHCy2)] (Pt–Pt) (4) were recorded under CP/MAS conditions (31P) or with the CP/CPMG pulse sequence (195Pt) and compared to data obtained by relativistic DFT calculations of 31P and 195Pt CS tensors and isotropic shielding at the ZORA Spin Orbit level.
Synthesis of dibenzothiazines from sulfides by one-potN,O-transfer and intramolecular C–H amination
Authors: Ma Yan-Na , Guo Chen-Yang , Zhao Qianyi , Zhang Jie , Chen Xuenian
Published: May 2018

Herein, we report a metal-free and step-economic synthesis of dibenzothiazines from 2-biphenyl sulfides under mild reaction conditions.
Accurate measurement of uranium isotope ratios in solid samples by laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Varga Z. , Krachler M. , Nicholl A. , Ernstberger M. , Wiss T. , Wallenius M. , Mayer K.
Published: May 2018

A multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) coupled to a 213 nm ns-laser was used to measure uranium isotope ratios (234U/238U, 235U/238U, and 236U/238U) in six solid nuclear certified reference materials (CRMs).
Tricyclic xanthine derivatives containing a basic substituent: adenosine receptor affinity and drug-related properties
Authors: Załuski Michał , Stanuch Katarzyna , Karcz Tadeusz , Hinz Sonja , Latacz Gniewomir , Szymańska Ewa , Schabikowski Jakub , Doroż-Płonka Agata , Handzlik Jadwiga , Drabczyńska Anna , Müller Christa E. , Kieć-Kononowicz Katarzyna
Published: May 2018

Novel tricyclic xanthine derivatives containing a basic substituent were investigated as adenosine receptor antagonists and selected drug-related properties were evaluated.
Complex strain induced structural changes observed in fibrin assembled in human plasma
Authors: Portale G. , Torbet J.
Published: May 2018

Fibrin assembled in human plasma exhibits complex structural changes when subjected to elongation; three different strain-sensitive structures are identified.
Origin of anisotropic negative Poisson's ratio in graphene
Authors: Qin Zhenzhen , Qin Guangzhao , Hu Ming
Published: May 2018

The underlying mechanism and the electronic origin for the anisotropic NPR in graphene along zigzag and armchair directions are both well-understood based on the accurate first-principles study.
Elucidating the role of surface chemistry on cationic phosphorus dendrimer–siRNA complexation
Authors: Deriu Marco A. , Tsapis Nicolas , Noiray Magali , Grasso Gianvito , El Brahmi Nabil , Mignani Serge , Majoral Jean-Pierre , Fattal Elias , Danani Andrea
Published: May 2018

In the field of dendrimers targeting small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery, dendrimer structural properties, such as the surface chemistry, play a crucial role in the efficiency of complexation.
Circular assembly of colloidal nanoparticles at the liquid–air interface mediated by block copolymers
Authors: Wang Lei , Yang Yuchi , Shen Xiudi , Li Tongtao , Hu Jianhua , Yang Dong , Dong Angang
Published: May 2018

Ring-like nanoparticle superstructures can be achieved by block copolymer-mediated assembly at the liquid–air interface.
Copper mediated C–H amination with oximes: en route to primary anilines
Authors: Xu Lin-Lin , Wang Xing , Ma Biao , Yin Ming-Xing , Lin Hai-Xia , Dai Hui-Xiong , Yu Jin-Quan
Published: May 2018

Here we report an efficient Cu(i)-mediated C–H amination reaction with oximes as amino donors to introduce NH2 groups directly.
Controlled grafted poly(quaternized-4-vinylpyridine-co-acrylic acid) brushes attract bacteria for effective antimicrobial surfaces
Authors: Khan Mashooq , Wu Zengnan , Mao Sifeng , Shah Syed Niaz Ali , Lin Jin-Ming
Published: May 2018

The substrates were coated with P(Q4VP-co-AA) brushes and adsorbed GA to attract, kill and release microbes.
Selenium-containing BODIPY dyes as photosensitizers for triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion
Authors: Nakashima Mika , Iizuka Keita , Karasawa Masanobu , Ishii Kazuyuki , Kubo Yuji
Published: May 2018

New 2,6-bis(phenylselanyl)-BODIPY 1 was synthesized and served as a triplet photosensitizer for triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC).
A simple and broadly applicable synthesis of fluorene-coupled D–σ–A type molecules: towards high-triplet-energy bipolar hosts for efficient blue thermally-activated delayed fluorescence
Authors: Li Chuan , Du Xiaoyang , Zhou Yu , Ye Jun , Fu Lulu , Humphrey Mark G. , Wu Chao , Zhao Juewen , Du Yanqing , Tao Silu , Wu Jiacheng , Zhang Chi
Published: May 2018

An effective two-step synthesis of high-triplet-energy (ET) bipolar hosts that is simple and broadly applicable is introduced.
Key‐leakage hardware Trojan with super concealment based on the fault injection for block cipher of SM4
Authors: Wang Di , Wu Liji , Zhang Xiangmin
Published: May 2018

In the security system, there is a lot of sensitive information, and the leakage of the secret key will cause security failure. In this Letter, combining the fault injection analysis of SM4 (Chinese block cipher algorithm standard), a key leakage Trojan payload circuit that requires only 4 XOR gates was designed and verified. By estimation, the area and power consumption is <1% of that in popular solutions. The scheme was successfully verified using FPGA. This Letter makes contribution to the defence for key‐leakage type Trojan.
General robustness analysis and robust fractional‐order PD controller design for fractional‐order plants
Authors: Liu Lu , Zhang Shuo , Xue Dingyu , Chen Yang Quan
Published: May 2018

Most of the existing controller tuning methods are based on accurate system model and sensitive to some inevitable uncertainties and unmeasurable disturbance. Aiming at this problem, a thorough robustness analysis on a typical kind of fractional‐order (FO) delay system has been made in this study. A kind of robust FO proportional and derivative controller is proposed based on phase and gain margins. The tuning methods are demonstrated under different circumstances, namely there is gain variation, time constant variation, order variation or even multiple parameters variations in system transfer function. Simulation results show that the closed‐loop control system with the proposed controller can achieve both robustness and satisfactory dynamic performance, and outperform the conventional proportional–integral–derivative controller in all cases.
Electromechanical interactions in a doubly fed induction generator drivetrain
Authors: Erazo‐Damian Inaki , Iacchetti Matteo F. , Apsley Judith M.
Published: May 2018

Normally, electrical and mechanical systems are designed and analysed in separate domains but, in this study, interactions between electric and mechanical elements are analysed looking for improvement in the performance of electromechanical drivetrains. The work considers a doubly fed induction generator, evaluated with a frequency analysis of the full electromechanical drivetrain developed and applied to identify how tuning gains and system parameters affect the electromechanical interactions. Analytical transfer functions are presented and validated by simulation and test results.
Accurate modelling and modal analysis of stator system in permanent magnet synchronous motor with concentrated winding for vibration prediction
Authors: Chai Feng , Li Yi , Pei Yulong , Li Zongyang
Published: May 2018

This study investigates the accurate modelling and the modal natural frequencies of the stator system of a permanent magnet synchronous motor with concentrated winding used in the in‐wheel motor system of the electric vehicle. The equivalent material physical properties of each component in the stator system are determined by the correction formula and the empirical coefficient. Meanwhile, the contact conditions between each component are also analysed. According to the structural analysis of stator system, different equivalent finite‐element models of winding and frame, together with their effects on the accuracy of simulation results, have been built and investigated, respectively. In addition, the prototype of the motor is fabricated; then the experimental modal analysis of the stator system and its subassemblies are carried out during the manufacturing process. Through comparisons of the results between experiments and finite element anaysis (FEA), the final model of the stator system is determined and verified to be of high accuracy to predict the vibration behaviours of the investigated motor with concentrated winding. Finally, several factors influencing the modal frequencies of stator system are analysed, which could provide certain reference value to the structural design of stator system.