bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pyrolyzed photoresist thin film: Effect of electron beam patterning on DC and THz conductivity
Authors: Jorudas Justinas , Rehman Hamza , Fedorov Georgy , Cojocari Maria , Karvinen Petri , Urbanowicz Andrzej , Kašalynas Irmantas , Matzui Liudmila Yu. , Svirko Yuri , Kuzhir Polina
Published: November 2023

Pyrolyzed photoresist films (PPFs), which are formed via vacuum annealing of a photoresist without a catalyst, can be employed for fabrication of graphitic nanostructures by using conventional lithographic techniques. Such approach allows for reduction of technological steps required for fabrication of conductive micro- and nanoelectrodes for different applications. However, the operation frequency range of PPF electrodes is still unknown. Here, we report the results of the comparative study of PPF structures fabricated by electron beam lithography prior and after the annealing process with preference to the first approach. By performing the comparative measurements of PPF transport properties we found that both pre-and post-processed PPFs possess the same conductivities at dc-current and in the frequency range from 0.2 to 1.5 THz. Moreover, we achieved the sheet resistance of 150 nm thick PPFs as low as 570 Ω/sq, which is comparable to that of commercially available chemical vapour deposited (CVD) graphene. These findings open a path for a simple, reproducible and scalable fabrication of graphitic nanocircuits, nanoresonators and passive components suitable for applications in frequencies up to few terahertz.
Terahercų emisijos spektroskopija pavidalų panašumui tirti: Ukrainos ir Lietuvos simbolių nagrinėjimas
Authors: Škėlaitė Barbora , Jakštas Vytautas , Treideris Marius , Bičiūnas Andrius , Ikamas Kęstutis , Butkutė Renata , Grigelionis Ignas
Published: November 2023

In this paper, the thermal emission from the n-GaAs/GaAs structure equipped with the Ti/Au metasurface is being investigated in the terahertz region. The metacell shape was chosen to be of heraldic origin, that is either the Ukrainian Trident or the Lithuanian Columns of Gediminids. The experiments were performed using far-infrared Fourier spectroscopy, where the heated sample served as the source of THz radiation. The optical properties of such structures were simulated using the rigorous coupled wave analysis method in order to explain the origin of experimentally observed spectral features. The deconstruction of the simulated spectra was also performed by simulating the properties of simplified metacells which constitute the metacells of the heraldic symbols investigated here. The spectral analysis suggests the similarity between the investigated symbols, which is also reviewed from the historical point of view.
Investigation of blur kernel of terahertz images
Authors: Abramova Viktoriia , Abramov Sergey , Lukin Vladimir , Grigelionis Ignas , Minkevičius Linas , Valušis Gintaras
Published: November 2023

The paper discusses issues of digital processing of terahertz images. It is shown that despite the improvement of the hardware part of imaging setups, the acquired images still often have a low resolution and suffer from noise and blurring effects. Thus, to improve their visual quality, it is advisable to use special digital processing methods. While some progress has already been made in terms of denoising of terahertz images, the research of their deblurring is only at the very early stage. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze the properties of blur functions for real terahertz images to further use them while designing a corresponding deblurring technique. For this purpose, the phase-only image method has been used. A study of blur properties for the three most common blur types (defocus, motion and Gaussian blur) has shown that for test images they can be distinguished and their main parameters can be assessed. However, the application of this method to real terahertz images has shown that the blur characteristics in them are very different from the ones obtained for modelled examples. The real blur demonstrates a quite complex behaviour and estimating its kernel requires additional research.
Ferran Torrent, le roman policier et la langue informelle
Authors: Niubo François
Published: November 2023

Le roman de Ferran Torrent Penja els guants, Butxana, relève, c'est évident, du genre policier. Mais à quel sous-genre du roman policier ? Roman énigme ou roman noir ? Élucider cette (fausse) énigme nous amène à analyser certains des procédés narratifs utilisés par l’auteur et, parmi ceux-là, l’utilisation de la langue informelle, indispensable au roman noir, qui a souvent posé (et pose encore) de nombreux problèmes aux écrivains de langue catalane.
Bridging Uncertainties
Authors: Komalasari Rita
Published: November 2023

The study aims to bridge knowledge gaps by exploring the challenges parents face caring for children with ME/CFS, using their narratives to understand long-term. This approach seeks to uncover parallels, enhancing our understanding of pediatric long-COVID-19 and informing effective caregiving strategies. In the authors' exploration, a comprehensive literature study is the guiding light. A rigorous analysis of existing research illuminates the similarities between long-term COVID-19 and ME/CFS experiences in children. The analysis revealed striking similarities between the caregiving experiences in ME/CFS and long-term COVID-19 cases. Parents' narratives illuminated the relentless nature of these conditions, shedding light on the emotional toll they take. By recognising these parallels, healthcare providers and families can benefit from informed strategies, ultimately improving the quality of care provided to children affected by COVID-19. This research supports a more comprehensive view of pediatric long-term ICU illness, one that considers physical symptoms and psychological and social ones.
Relationships Between Teachers' Technological Competency Levels and Self-Regulated Learning Behavior
Authors: Oyewo Saheed Adekunle , Goosen Leila
Published: November 2023

In order to provide readers with an overview and summarize the content, the purpose of the study in this chapter is stated as investigating the relationships between how teachers use their technological competency levels in a blended learning environment and improving the self-regulated learning (SRL) skills and behaviors of secondary school learners. Against the background of the architecture and technological advancements of Education 4.0, issues regarding e.g., massive open online courses (MOOCs), are discussed.
Teaching Philosophy, Educational Psychology, and Cognitive Neuroscience
Authors: Biswas Hillol
Published: November 2023

The Indian way of learning and teaching history is essential for teaching and learning in the future. The ancient Sanskrit term “jnana” is cognate with the Indo-European root for cognition (knowledge). According to Barnard Baars, all contemporary Indo-European languages have lexical items with equivalent meanings. Moreover, as per Noam Chomsky, an Indian man named Bhartrhari created the first transformational grammar in the ninth century. In the 1800s, Maxmuller, a German philosopher, and Arnold Edwin, a British poet, were the first to spread Vedic essence and the profound ideas of Indian philosophy to many people in the West. Since the beginning, education has undergone many changes to keep up with the changing needs of society. The Reggio Emilia approach to teaching and learning, which started in Italy at the turn of the 20th century, significantly impacted primary education worldwide. Tomorrow's world can be built using today's knowledge, innovation, and technology. Artificial intelligence and machine learning based on academic and real-world examples to close the gap is priority.
Integrating Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) in Transformation of Teaching and Learning Pedagogy in Education 4.0
Authors: Nagpal Namrata , Rahmawati Yuli , Mardiah Alin
Published: November 2023

Education 4.0 is an evolving paradigm that leverages technology to revolutionize teaching and learning methods, by giving augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies that provide a more engaging, personalized, and immersive educational experience. This book chapter explores the integration of AR and VR in the transformation of teaching and learning pedagogy by bridging the gap between the physical and digital worlds within the framework of Education 4.0. Integrating AR and VR has led the traditional pedagogical approaches be augmented with interactive and dynamic elements, facilitating deeper knowledge retention and application. These technologies are particularly beneficial in STEM fields. It has proven successful in the early childhood, language education, and special needs education also. The chapter also explains a case study on how AR and VR can be used to promote learning in the subject of chemistry. AR and VR promise to redefine the future of education, preparing learners to thrive in an ever-changing global landscape.
Exploring Provenance for E-Learning Ontologies
Authors: Pandey Rajiv , Srivastava Nidhi , Bajpai Amit Kumar
Published: November 2023

The World Wide Web's provenance is an important feature. Provenance is important since it helps in establishing the appropriateness, legitimacy, and faithfulness of information, as well as whether the data item's information can be linked with other data. Provenance is metadata about an entity that provides information about the behavior, agent, and entity to users that contributed to its formation. The chapter describes the various provenance models and architecture. In the context of a university or academic institution's ontology, this chapter then introduces a domain-specific assertion regarding provenance by employing the PROV-DM data paradigm. It also describes the various provenance-capturing tools.
Developments in the Remote Work and Learning
Authors: Thakur Kiran , Chand Badr-un-nisa , Dhand Shivani
Published: November 2023

Post-pandemic, there has been an exponential growth in the adoption of remote work and remote learning. Recent years have marked a significant growth in technologies to assist humanity in integrating effortlessly into the virtual world. Communication tools such as Zoom, Teams, and Slack have become essential tools everybody must be comfortable working on. Digital literacy has become a vital skill any worker requires to sustain their job. For remote work and learning, there is an increased emphasis on soft skills such as time management, collaboration, communication, and perseverance. One must be self-directed and disciplined to succeed in a less supervised environment. Overall, technologies have transformed how we work and learn, and it will be interesting to witness how they will continue evolving in the coming years.
Need to Increase Awareness of NCDs in MICs on the Edge of the Syrian Refugee Crisis
Authors: Cinaroglu Songul , Saylan Busra
Published: November 2023

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer, and the incidence of breast cancer is increasing among women in middle-income countries (MICs). Turkey is one of the MICs and has an emerging economy. Turkey is a major hosting country of refugees, and it is still hosting one million Syrian refugees who are faced with a high risk of noncommunicable diseases. The aim of this study is to point out the current situation and cost of breast cancer in MICs focusing on Turkey and the current refugee flow into this country. This study used a direct examination of the scientific literature and reports. Study results indicate an increasing trend of costs and incidence of breast cancer in MICs and Turkey. Breast cancer is the most common disease among women in Arab world and it is foreseeable that there will be an increase in the number of breast cancer women in the next future in Turkey. To fight against breast cancer in Turkey, health policymakers should enhance public awareness for early diagnosis and treatment, considering the upcoming refugee crisis.
Conceptualising the Role of Intellectual Property and Ethical Behaviour in Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Pappachan Princy , Sreerakuvandana  , Rahaman Mosiur
Published: November 2023

The development of artificial intelligence has significantly affected all facets of human life, leading to many ethical and legal questions that have positive and negative consequences for individuals, organisations, and society. Amidst this lies the interaction between intellectual property rights and ethical behaviour in the development and use of artificial intelligence. While intellectual property acts as a catalyst for innovation, ethical behaviour ensures responsible and accountable artificial intelligence consistent with social standards. Accordingly, the beneficial effects of artificial intelligence can only be guaranteed by balancing intellectual property rights and ethical behaviour. This chapter thus discusses the notion of intellectual property and ethical behaviour in the context of artificial intelligence by providing a comprehensive historical review and reflecting on the creation and implementation of ethical artificial intelligence while preserving intellectual property rights.
A Study on AI and Blockchain-Powered Smart Parking Models for Urban Mobility
Authors: Sundaramoorthy K. , Singh Ajeet , Sumathy G. , Maheshwari A. , Arunarani A. R. , Boopathi Sampath
Published: November 2023

Urban problems like traffic jams and a lack of parking spaces can be solved in an innovative way with the help of smart parking models powered by AI and blockchain technology. These models enhance user experience, optimise space allocation, and shorten search times. Predictive analytics and real-time data from IoT sensors direct drivers to available parking spaces, minimising traffic and environmental impact. By protecting user privacy, controlling access, and securing transactions, blockchain technology improves AI. Users are empowered by blockchain-based decentralised digital identities, which also guarantee data privacy and transparent business dealings. With less traffic, more user happiness, and significant cost savings, this combination produces user-centric, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective smart parking solutions. The cost-benefit analysis for AI and blockchain-powered smart parking demonstrates a favourable return on investment, paving the way for smarter, greener cities and more interconnected urban settings.
Machine Learning and Deep Learning for Intelligent Systems in Small Aircraft Applications
Authors: Rahamathunnisa U. , Mohanty Akash , Sudhakar K. , Anitha Jebamani S. , Udendhran R. , Myilsamy Sureshkumar
Published: November 2023

This chapter explores the integration of machine learning and deep learning techniques in small aircraft applications. The aviation industry is exploring innovative solutions to improve safety, efficiency, and performance in these operations. The chapter explores the advantages, challenges, and future prospects of implementing intelligent systems in small aircraft, including autopilot systems, navigation assistance, fault detection, and pilot support systems. Real-world case studies and applications demonstrate the transformative impact of these technologies on small aircraft operations. The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in machine learning and deep learning, highlighting their pivotal role in improving small aircraft intelligence, safety, and efficiency.
Machine Learning in E-Health and Digital Healthcare
Authors: Sethuramalingam T. K. , G. Nadakinamani Rajkumar , Sumathy G. , Myilsamy Sureshkumar
Published: November 2023

Machine learning is revolutionizing healthcare by offering innovative solutions to complex challenges. This chapter explores the practical strategies, ethical considerations, and real-world applications of machine learning in the healthcare domain. It delves into data collection and management, model development, integration with existing systems, and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration. The chapter also discusses the ethical dimensions of healthcare AI, such as data privacy, bias mitigation, and regulatory compliance. Real-world case studies highlight the impact of machine learning on early disease detection, drug discovery, and precision medicine. The chapter concludes by examining future trends, including emerging technologies like quantum computing, nanomedicine, and the growing role of AI in drug discovery and genomic medicine. As machine learning continues to reshape healthcare, understanding these practical strategies and ethical considerations is essential for optimizing patient care and advancing the healthcare industry.
Convergence of Data Science-AI-Green Chemistry-Affordable Medicine
Authors: Rebecca B. , Kumar K. Pradeep Mohan , Padmini S. , Srivastava Bipin Kumar , Halder Shubhajit , Boopathi Sampath
Published: November 2023

The drug discovery and design process has been significantly transformed by the integration of data science, artificial intelligence (AI), green chemistry principles, and affordable medicine. AI techniques enable rapid analysis of vast datasets, predicting molecular interactions, optimizing drug candidates, and identifying potential therapeutics. Green chemistry practices promote sustainability and efficiency, resulting in environmentally friendly and cost-effective production processes. The goal is to develop affordable medicines that are not only efficacious but also accessible to a wider population. This chapter explores case studies and emerging trends to highlight the transformation of the pharmaceutical industry and innovation in drug discovery.
Online Crime in the Metaverse
Authors: Blake John
Published: November 2023

With the burgeoning growth of the metaverse and online virtual environments, new security challenges have been introduced that require careful exploration and mitigation. An increasing proportion of human interactions and transactions now take place in these digital spaces, making it essential to protect users and ensure the safety and integrity of virtual worlds. This chapter explores three dimensions of this issue. First, through a study of the types of crimes that occur in these environments, to gain a holistic understanding of the cybercrime technoscape. Second, the authors use a two-pronged approach to increase the safety of the metaverse by targeting both potential perpetrators and victims. This is achievable by identifying indicators that may be used to detect potential perpetrators or victims. Thirdly and finally, strategies and techniques to make these online communities safer are suggested.
Societal Risks of Using Cyber Metaverse Technology
Authors: Yasser El-Bably Amar
Published: November 2023

AI's widespread use poses challenges, especially accountability and legal readiness for metaverse's unique traits. This study addresses AI's current hurdles, focusing on regulating AI-related crimes, including metaverse. It aims to define responsibilities and penalties. Metaverse's societal, reputational, and security implications, along with tech firms' oversight, can escalate cybercrime. Complex evolving cybercrime patterns hinder guilt proof. Criminalizing tech use in terrorism planning and financing is crucial. Social media users face risks like deepfakes, fostering doubt and inciting terrorism. Tech-security agency partnership is vital. Growing digital interconnectedness heightens cybersecurity issues. Metaverse's growth and internet use call for strengthened anti-terrorism and IT crime laws.
A Prelude to Cybersecurity Challenges in the Metaverse
Authors: Bhaskar Shashwath , Kuna Aiesha , Jayakumar Akshaya , Lakshmi D.
Published: November 2023

The metaverse represents a transformative concept that has amassed substantial attention in recent years, with big corporations vying to gain hegemony over this domain. While revolutionizing the way we interact with and experience our environment, the metaverse unlocks a vast potential for cyber criminals and nation-states to take advantage of the present voids in its security. By analyzing existing literature and emerging trends, the authors delve into the uncharted territory of the metaverse, examining the ways in which users' digital avatars and assets are at risk- including poor security of NFTs, the scope for financial fraud, the dark verse, and social engineering, among other issues. This chapter provides insight into the real-world implications of cyber-attacks in the metaverse and examines the legal and ethical challenges of regulating cyber activity in virtual environments so that Law Enforcement Agencies, planners, and companies can navigate this field to create a safe virtual world for all.
Metaverse Forensics
Authors: Kamoun Faouzi , Iqbal Farkhund , Zeresenay Siem , Khalid Zainab , Ikuesan Richard , Abraham Sened
Published: November 2023

The metaverse is poised to offer an immersive virtual environment for people to meet, socialize, collaborate, play, and conduct business transactions. Although the metaverse has not yet reached its full maturity, it has already been misused to launch illegal activities that can jeopardize the safety and well-being of individuals, and cause harm to organizations. Despite its increased importance, “metaverse forensics” remains an unexplored research topic. This chapter starts by reviewing the state-of-the-art research related to metaverse cybersecurity threats and underlying ethical, privacy, and legal issues. It then presents the results of a forensic investigation analysis performed on the VRChat and AltspaceVR metaverse platforms. The authors present new insights into metaverse forensics in terms of accessing digital containers and retrieving useful information for forensic investigators. Additionally, they highlight the primary obstacles encountered in metaverse digital forensic investigations and put forth recommendations for future research directions.
Investigating Forensic Evidence in Metaverse
Authors: Metwally El-Kady Ramy
Published: November 2023

The chapter deals with the issue of investigating forensic evidence in metaverse. The importance of the chapter stems from its handling of the Metaverse technology, as one of the most prominent technological topics on the global scene at present, which is expected to shine in the coming times as the most prominent form of the development of the internet, which moves humanity to new technological dimensions. Spatial and temporal boundaries. The importance of this chapter is evident in light of the legislative vacuum that exists in the face of all forms of violations that occur in the Metaverse. The chapter aims to shed light on ways to collect digital evidence in the Metaverse. The chapter concluded with a set of recommendations, most notably: the need for concerted international efforts to amend international conventions on cybercrime, led by the Budapest Convention, or to aspire to develop a new international convention that regulates the responsibility of Metaverse service providers and obliges them to comply with cooperation in combating crimes.
Using Augmented Reality (AR) and the Internet of Things (IoT) to Improve Water Management Maintenance and Training
Authors: Sharma Muskan , Mahajan Yash , Saber Abeer
Published: November 2023

The convergence of augmented reality (AR) and the internet of things (IoT) holds great promise for transforming water management by improving maintenance, troubleshooting, and training. This chapter explores the synergy between AR and IoT in water management, highlighting their potential to enhance professionals' efficiency and address critical challenges. AR overlays real-time data and interactive guidance onto the physical environment, streamlining maintenance, troubleshooting, and training. IoT provides real-time data and remote monitoring capabilities, facilitating proactive decision-making and predictive maintenance. The integration of AR and IoT offers a powerful toolkit to tackle water management issues, promising increased reliability and sustainability for water resources in a digitally augmented world.
Big Data Analytics Artefact for Outcome-Based Funding Prediction in South African Public Universities
Authors: Segooa Anna M. , Kalema Billy M.
Published: November 2023

This study designed a big data analytics artefact for the prediction of outcome-based funding (OBF) in South African public universities. Universities in South Africa (SA) are subsidized based on their performance known as OBF that is measured depending on the outputs from teaching, research, and engagements. OBF metrics are well documented; however, public universities fail to achieve the targets for higher scores. These failures are attributed to poor decision-making resulting from limited analysis of the voluminous data generated. This study used design science methodology to develop a big data analytics artefact for prediction of OBF outcomes. The artefact was evaluated for prediction using machine learning training and tested with data collected from South African universities. Findings indicated that for better prediction using big data analytics, system characteristics, size, structure, top management support, market, infrastructure, and government regulations factors play a significant role.
DOR LOMBAR E FATORES ASSOCIADOS EM MANICURES DE MARINGÁ-PR
Authors: Peres Nunes Bianca , Pinheiro Sutil Fernanda Cristina , Campos Golias Andrey Rogério
Published: November 2023

Introdução: No Brasil, cerca de 34,3 milhões de pessoas apresentam dor crônica na coluna lombar, sendo esta considerada uma das principais causas de aposentadoria por invalidez e um problema de saúde pública mundial. Metodologia: pesquisa de caráter quantitativo e transversal, com aplicação de um questionário on-line através da plataforma Google Forms, em que profissionais manicures da cidade de Maringá- PR. Discussão: A dor lombar é considerada uma disfunção multifatorial, atividades laborais que requerem posicionamento em flexão de tronco, podem gerar dificuldades do relaxamento dos músculos paravertebrais e uma redução da resistência muscular, desencadeando incapacidades psicossociais, biomecânicas e estruturais.
Efeito do desempenho de mercado nas formas de financiamento corporativo moderado pelo desvio da dívida-alvo
Authors: Clóvis Fiirst  , Elcídio Henriques Quiraque  , Tarcísio Pedro da Silva  , Débora Gomes de Gomes
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: Analisar o efeito do desempenho de mercado nas decisões de financiamento corporativo moderado pelo desvio da dívida-alvo.
Método: O delineamento metodológico encaminhou-se para uma pesquisa descritiva, documental e quantitativa. As empresas estudadas são brasileiras, não financeiras listadas na Bolsa Balcão Bovespa (B3), totalizando 764. Os dados correspondem ao lapso temporal de 2008-2017. Para análise, foram empregadas técnicas estatísticas como exemplo o modelo de regressão probit.
Originalidade/Relevância: A inovação desta pesquisa está na abordagem do desvio da dívida-alvo e sua relação com o desempenho de mercado e as decisões de financiamento corporativo. Embora a teoria de trade-off de Myers (1984) já tenha sido proposta, a pesquisa investiga como o mercado não está percebendo esse desvio, resultando em uma possível anomalia nas escolhas entre emissão de ações e captação de dívidas por empréstimos e financiamentos, afetando o nível ótimo de endividamento.
Resultados: Os achados dessa pesquisa propõem implicações relevantes para literatura de finanças, principalmente a proposta por Myers (1984) na linha trade off, pois o mercado não está percebendo o desvio da dívida-alvo, e como consequência, pode ocorrer uma anomalia na escolha entre emissão de ações e a captação de dívidas por empréstimos e financiamentos o que prejudica o nível ótimo de endividamento.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas/práticas: O estudo elucida que as empresas precisam considerar atentamente suas necessidades de financiamento, levando em conta o impacto do desvio da dívida-alvo nas opções de captação de recursos. Uma abordagem mais consciente e fundamentada pode resultar em uma estrutura de capital mais equilibrada, possibilitando uma tomada de decisão mais sólida.
Health workers' adherence to occupational hazards preventive practices in Thi‑Qar Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Abed-Al Sattar Mohamed E. , Thamer Mahmood S. , Gatea Ali G.
Published: November 2023

Workplace problems that are likely to increase the risk to our health are referred to as occupational hazards. These problems can be classified as either biological or non‑biological. A wide range of these risks, including physical, chemical, and psychological ones, provide challenges for healthcare practitioners. Such risks therefore negatively affect employees, their families, friends, and the country. The purpose of the study is to assess the level of adherence to preventive practices towards occupational hazards in the hospitals of Thi‑Qar Governorate and its relationship to the demographic and occupational information of the healthcare workers. A descriptive cross‑sectional study was carried out in hospitals Thi‑Qar Governorate, During the period from September 5th, 2022 ending on February 10th,2023, 355 of healthcare workers individuals participated in the study, and the data was collected using self‑reported questionnaires and information about practices was collected through a systematic questionnaire developed by the researcher. Regarding the preventive practice of the staff, the results observed that all responses regarding the present results reveal the highest percentage 41.7% of HCWs have a poor practices score, while the lowest percentage 20.8% of them have a moderate practices score. The mean ± SD of the overall practices score was (53.81±17.807) which rested within a moderate level (48‑46 score). The results of this study indicate that there is a significant association between the overall practices score and socio‑demographic variables (P‑value 0.05). This explained that the participants who age ≤25 years, Education level (Ph.D.), and have no chronic diseases, had higher good practices than other categories. Also, the results of this study indicate that there is a significant association between the overall practices score and occupation characteristics (P‑value 0.05), This explained that the years of work (≥15 years), and,hours of work (≤5 h), had higher good practices than other categories. Most of the employees of the hospitals selected for the sample in Thi‑Qar Governorate have ‘Moderate’ commitments to safety measures with regard to occupational hazards in their surrounding workplaces, The study showed that years of experience, time of work and educational level have a significant impact on practices towards occupational hazards in hospitals.
Diabetes mellitus in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – the tip of the iceberg
Authors: Tayal Devika , Jain Prerna , Bhardwaj Mamta , Sharma Amit
Published: November 2023

COPD is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by systemic inflammation caused primarily by tobacco use, and it is associated with an increased susceptibility to respiratory infections, both viral and bacterial, which are responsible for acute COPD exacerbations (AECOPD). Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common co-morbidities in COPD patients. In our study, we attempted to detect previously undiagnosed diabetes in AECOPD patients who presented to our Institute. The study included 100 patients who had been diagnosed with AECOPD. Pearson's coefficient correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between various parameters. The vast majority of patients belonged to Group 3. (diagnosed at the time of admission as having type II diabetes). HbA1c had a significant positive correlation with BMI, cholesterol, and TLC, but a negative correlation with SpO2. Using HbA1C, nearly two-thirds of the AECOPD were newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Our findings suggest that diabetes is significantly underdiagnosed in COPD patients.
Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: From Its Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Practice
Authors: Cho Yun Kyung , Jung Chang Hee
Published: November 2023

With the increasing use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), for the treatment of malignancies, cases of ICI-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (ICI-T1DM) have been reported globally. This review focuses on the features and pathogenesis of this disease. T1DM is an immune-related adverse event that occurs following the administration of anti-PD-1 or anti-programmed death ligand-1 (PDL1) alone or in combination with anti-CTLA-4. More than half of the reported cases presented as abrupt-onset diabetic ketoacidosis. The primary mechanism of ICI-T1DM is T-cell stimulation, which results from the loss of interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 in pancreatic islet. The similarities and differences between ICI-T1DM and classical T1DM may provide insights into this disease entity. ICI-T1DM is a rare but often life-threatening medical emergency that healthcare professionals and patients need to be aware of. Early detection of and screening for this disease is imperative. At present, the only known treatment for ICI-T1DM is insulin injection. Further research into the mechanisms and risk factors associated with ICI-T1DM development may contribute to a better understanding of this disease entity and the identification of possible preventive strategies.
Assessment of the Role of Urinary Heparanase in Lupus Nephritis Patients and Its Correlation with Disease Activity
Authors: Abou-Alfa Mustafa A. , Abdel Noor Rasha A. , Nagy Hala M. , Kotb Nesreen A.
Published: November 2023

Assessing the activity of lupus nephritis (LN) with novel biomarkers is a promising noninvasive diagnostic tool for managing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We assessed the ability of urinary heparanase to identify LN and its relation to the disease's activity. This crosssectional study had 90 subjects: 70 patients with SLE and 20 healthy controls. A full medical history, clinical examination, and routine investigations were carried out for the patients and controls. Immunological assays and assessments of the disease's activity with the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and the renal SLEDAI (r-SLEDAI) were carried out for LN groups. Urinary heparanase levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for all subjects. Of our patients, 20 had active LN, 17 had nonactive LN, 18 had active lupus without renal involvement, and 15 had nonactive lupus without renal involvement. The level of urinary heparanase was significantly higher in the LN groups than in the non-LN groups and the controls and was significantly higher in those with active LN than in those with nonactive LN. There were significant positive correlations between urinary heparanase and 24-h urinary protein, total SLEDAI, and r-SLEDAI, and significant negative correlations between urinary heparanase and Complements 3 and 4. Urinary heparanase predicted the activity of LN with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 91.43%. Urinary heparanase levels were higher in patients with active LN and correlated with the markers of disease activity, indicating that it can serve as a useful new biomarker for the activity of LN.
A Case Series of Noncatatonic Mutism with Poor Response to Conventional Treatment Approach
Authors: Yadav Jagriti , Bhardwaj Akansha , Jangid Purushottam , Singh Priti , Gupta Rajiv
Published: November 2023

Mutism is the absence or marked paucity of verbal output due to functional or organic causes. Selective mutism is commonly seen in children with anxiety disorder. In psychiatric literature, long-standing mutism is most commonly associated with catatonic syndrome in adults. Although less commonly reported, long-standing mutism has also been associated with noncatatonic schizophrenia and posits a treatment challenge. Here, we describe two cases of long-standing noncatatonic mutism secondary to Schneiderian first rank symptoms, which were poorly responsive to conventional antipsychotic treatment and had good response to the combination of antipsychotics and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). ECT is an underutilized treatment modality in patients with schizophrenia and is usually limited to catatonic states. The case series, thus, highlights the need for the development of an evidence base for the use of ECT in patients with noncatatonic mutism.
A Study of Psychological Impact on Adolescent Children of Parents with Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Gholap Shwetali Dilip , Chavan Vivek Bapurao , Karad Arvind Vishwambhar , Santre Manjeet Sureshkumar
Published: November 2023

Context:

Children of alcoholics face risks of problem behavior during childhood and mental health problems in adult life. Identifying these problems at the earliest can significantly reduce the problems in future.

Aim:

We aimed to study psychological impact on adolescent children of parents with alcohol use disorder.

Settings and Design:

This is a cross-sectional study done at a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra.

Materials and Methods:

Convenience sampling technique was used. One hundred adolescent children of alcohol use disorder patients were evaluated for problem behavior and perceived stress using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Perceived Stress Scale, respectively. Current status of severity of alcohol use in parents was assessed using the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Software Package (version 20.0).

Results:

In our study, we found that children whose fathers had severe alcohol dependence were exhibiting more externalizing behavior on CBCL and higher perceived stress and it was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

A positive correlation was found between severity of alcohol use in fathers and problem behavior in children.
Comparative Assessment of Effect on Psychomotor Performance Efficacy and Adherence of Levosulpiride and Olanzapine in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Parallel, Open-label, Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Pramoda N. , Turankar V. Avinash , Thakre Manish Namdeo , Mahajan Sudhir Laludeo , Mahakalkar Sunil , Shetty Ashwita Uday , Sasi Sandeep M.
Published: November 2023

Context:

Schizophrenia is mostly treated with atypical antipsycotics, which may be required for lifetime. Olanzapine is commonly used in this condition, whereas levosulpiride is approved in India for the same. Knowing the effect of these drugs on psychomotor function helps in choosing a suitable drug to a particular patient based on his daily activities.

Aims:

The aim is to compare the effect of levosulpiride and olanzapine on psychomotor performance, efficacy, and adherence in patients with schizophrenia.

Settings and Design:

This was open-label, parallel arm, prospective observational study carried out in a tertiary care hospital of central India from December 2019 to December 2021.

Subjects and Methods:

Thirty-six patients visiting psychiatry OPD, diagnosed by treating psychiatrist as schizophrenia were assessed by CFFT, hand steadiness test (HST), arithmetic ability test, and reaction time (RT) for psychomotor function, and symptoms were scored on positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) and brief negative symptom scale (BNSS) rating scales at the first visit, end of 4 and 8 weeks. Adherence was assessed by the Medication adherence rating scale at 8 weeks.

Results:

Statistically significant increase in RT was seen in both levosulpiride (P = 0.04) and olanzapine (P = 0.0065) groups, whereas only the olanzapine group had a significant change in CFFT (P = 0.04) and HST (P = 0.01) at 8 weeks. On head-to-head comparison, a statistically significant worsening in HST score (P = 0.01) was seen in olanzapine group. Both the groups had significant decreases in all PANSS (P < 0.001) and BNSS (P < 0.001) scores. When change in PANSS and BNSS scores were compared with each other, the levosulpiride group had a significantly more decrease in scores on PANSS negative scale (P = 0.03). Patients in both groups were adherent to treatment.

Conclusions:

Our study concluded that levosulpiride is better than olanzapine on its fine motor control. Both the drugs increase RT while only olanzapine worsened fine motor control and CFF. Both the drugs were effective for schizophrenia with 8 weeks treatment, while levosulpiride is superior to olanzapine in improving negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Diagnostic Challenges in the Assessment of Psychiatric Illness among Persons with Speech and Hearing Impairments in India
Authors: Joseph Sincy Treesa , Rao Aishwarya , Perugu Shalini , Sethuraman Bhuvaneshwari
Published: November 2023

The prevalence of psychiatric illness among the hearing impaired does not vary from the general population. This case series highlights two different presentations of psychiatric illness in speech and hearing-impaired patients. The first case describes a patient that was diagnosed to have unspecified nonorganic psychosis after a detailed assessment and observation. The second case describes the challenges in diagnosing depression versus organicity. Difficulties in communication act as a barrier to psychiatric assessment, and there are no clear guidelines for the same. Both of these cases summarize the challenges faced in assessment, mental status examination, the lack of knowledge of linguistics hindering assessment, and the paucity of literature on psychiatric problems in speech and hearing impaired, especially in India. We found that these may be overcome by consistent ward observation, assessment of psychomotor activity, affect, functional analysis of aggression, and course and duration of the presenting illness.
Three-Dimensional Culture of Human Dental Pulp Tissue: A Preliminary Experimental In Vitro Model for Regenerative Endodontic Procedures
Authors: Khazaei Saber , Amirkhani Rezvan , Bozorgi Azam , Khazaei Mozafar
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Dental pulp regeneration is fundamental in dentistry and endodontics; however, few in vitro experimental models are available to study its biological process. This study aimed to develop a three-dimensional (3D) culture model of human dental pulp-like tissue mimicking the possible complexity of human pulp tissue. This new and innovative human-like tissue model could be used for testing drugs and materials, particularly those involved in regenerative endodontics. Methods: Vital pulp tissue samples were obtained from human third molars (n = 4) immediately after extraction and cultured in a 3D fibrin matrix to create a sustainable ex vivo experimental model. The angiogenesis degrees and the nitric oxide levels were evaluated following the culture of pulp-like tissues in the fibrin matrix for 21 days. The expression of Transforming growth factor- beta (TGF-β1), TGF-β2, TGF-β3, and their relevant receptors, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) was evaluated using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Results: Pulp tissue angiogenesis was initiated, and completed on days 7 and 21, and pulp-like tissue cells expressed TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, and their relevant receptors, TNF and VEGFA. Conclusion: This model provided a precise observation of dental pulp angiogenesis at early stages.
Developing a Framework to Guide the Evaluation of Training in Research Skills for Health and Care Professionals
Authors: Sabey Abigail , Biddle Michele , Bray Isabelle
Published: November 2023

Background:

Delivering research skills training to health professionals through short, applied sessions outside a formal higher education program, can help fill gaps in training and build research capacity in clinical settings. This has been the endeavor of some of the Applied Research Collaborations funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research in England since 2014. How to evaluate this type of training in terms of the wider impact it may have, has not featured heavily in the literature and methods have largely borrowed from more generic approaches to training evaluation which can over-simplify outcomes and ignore longer-term impacts.

Methods:

We developed the framework in four stages: mapping potential impacts of our research skills training courses to identify key concepts; shaping into three domains in which impact could be expected, informed by established definitions of research capacity building; testing the initial framework and adapting wording of impacts; refining the framework into a practical tool.

Results:

The final framework specifies types of impact in three domains of influence – individual, group/organization and health system, and maps these against key questions to guide inquiry, as well as suggested methods for capturing the impact and expected timeframe for each type of impact.

Discussion:

The framework provides a structure for guiding the evaluation of research training as well as a focus on medium-longer term impacts, encouraging a broader and continuous approach to evaluation. It is hoped this will support educators in other contexts and fields, in the planning of a wider range of training evaluation activities, to capture impact more fully.
Unusual Case of Acute Abdomen in a Patient on Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Dudani Anshul , Herur Siddharth , Bukka Vijay Chander , Niranjan M. , Tiwari Ankit , Vardhan Vishnu , Guditi Swarnalatha
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Acute abdominal pain is not a frequent presentation in the emergency department in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Common causes of acute abdomen in these patients are bowel infarction, pancreatitis, and peritonitis. Splenic infarction presenting as acute abdomen is a rare entity. We report a case where a 38-year-old female on HD presented with acute abdomen and was found to have splenic infarction. On further evaluation, she was found to have infective endocarditis of the aortic valve as a complication of catheter-related bloodstream infection due to nontunneled catheter. The management of the patient comprised of prompt removal of catheter and intravenous antibiotics.
Risk Factors for Development of Early Onset Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus (PTDM) – A Prospective Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in India
Authors: Garg Abhishek , Nandwani Ashish , Jain Manish , Jha Pranaw Kumar
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Kidney transplantation is the best form of kidney replacement therapy. Posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is an important complication seen in transplant recipients. The present study was done to identify the incidence and risk factors for the development of early-onset PTDM at a tertiary care center in India.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective study carried out from May 1, 2016, to April 30, 2017, at a tertiary care center and included all the adult first transplant recipients. The patients were followed up for six months after transplantation and the incidence of early PTDM was noted. The patients were divided into two groups, namely, PTDM and non-PTDM groups to identify risk factors for PTDM and to compare the outcome between the two groups.

Results:

This study included 66 patients. Patients developing PTDM had higher age (44.07 ± 9.69 years vs. 35.98 ± 11.17 years; P = 0.013), significantly higher prevalence of family history of diabetes (57.14% vs. 15.38%; P = 0.001), higher pretransplant fasting plasma blood glucose (93.86 ± 8.59 mg/dL vs. 86.21 ± 7.53 mg/dL; P = 0.007), and higher pretransplant glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level (5.2% ± 0.39% vs. 4.9% ± 0.52%; P = 0.006). We did not find any association of PTDM with obesity, gender, type of induction therapy, hepatitis C infection, cytomegalovirus infection, and mean trough tacrolimus levels.

Conclusions:

In our study, patients who developed PTDM were of higher age, with increased levels of fasting blood sugar and HbA1c pretransplant, had a family history of diabetes, and were likely to have received antirejection therapy.