bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 24/7 economy and work during unsocial hours in Europe: Examining the influence of labor market dualization, regulation and collective bargaining
Authors: Riekhoff Aart-Jan , Krutova Oxana , Nätti Jouko
Published: May 2019

This article examines the individual- and country-level factors that contribute to the risk of working unsocial hours in 30 European countries. Using the EU labor force survey data, the authors test for the influence of labor market dualization, product- and labor market regulation, and collective bargaining on the individual risk of working unsocial hours. The risks of working unsocial hours are strongly dualized in all countries, but the size of the risk gap between low-skilled outsiders and high-skilled insiders varies. In countries where collective bargaining plays a greater role in regulating work hours the gap between low- and high-skilled workers is smaller.
Quality of Life and Supportive Care Needs of Gynecologic Cancer Survivors
Authors: Reb Anne M. , Cope Diane G.
Published: May 2019

Gynecologic cancer survivors experience significant distress that can impact quality of life (QOL). Optimal survivorship care requires an understanding of the survivor’s QOL and supportive care needs. The purpose of this study was to describe the QOL and needs of gynecologic cancer survivors. Women with an initial diagnosis of gynecologic cancer within 7 months of completing primary treatment ( N = 34) completed the QOL-Cancer Survivor tool and the Cancer Survivors’ Unmet Needs Survey. Fear of cancer recurrence was a repetitive theme for both tools. The lowest ranking QOL items were distress from diagnosis and treatment, family distress, and uncertainty about the future. Commonly reported needs included help to reduce stress, manage side effects, cope with fears of cancer recurrence, and gain reassurance that providers were communicating, and providing the very best medical care. Appreciating QOL and needs can facilitate the development of support services specifically tailored to gynecologic survivors.
Finite element simulation for tensile and impact test of activated TIG welding of AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Mohan Kumar S , Shanmugam N. Siva
Published: May 2019

Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process have been widely accepted in industries using stainless steel, titanium alloys and other 21st century metals to achieve high-quality weldments. TIG welding is mostly used to join workpieces with a thickness of less than 6 mm. To overcome this limitation of TIG welding, activated TIG welding (A-TIG) was employed to achieve high penetration depth in a single pass using activated flux. This article presents a study of experimental and finite element (FE) analysis on the mechanical behaviour of AISI 321 plate samples (base metal and weld metal) by performing a uniaxial tensile and Charpy impact test. The uniaxial tensile test is carried out for the base metal (BM) and A-TIG weld metal (WM) with a loading rate of 1 mm/min at room temperature. In the current FE analysis, the temperature and strain-rate dependent Johnson-Cook (J-C) model was utilised. The results of stress–strain values and impact energy predicted by the FE analysis agree with experimental results. Also, the fracture behaviour of the experimental and FE simulations were identical to ductile mode of fracture. In the FE analysis, the neck and fracture locations of the BM and WM specimens were very similar to the experiment. It is evident that the JC model results of uniaxial tensile test have a prediction error of 0.51% and 0.48% for BM and WM respectively. Also, similar accuracy with a prediction error of 2.21% and 3.19% for BM and WM Charpy test specimen, respectively. Scanning electron microscope results show that the failure of the BM and WM is initiated by ductile nature of the fused material at the joint.
Whole-exome sequencing indicates FLG2 variant associated with leg ulcers in Brazilian sickle cell anemia patients
Authors: de Carvalho-Siqueira Gabriela Queila , Ananina Galina , de Souza Bruno Batista , Borges Murilo Guimarães , Ito Mirta Tomie , da Silva-Costa Sueli Matilde , de Farias Domingos Igor , Falcão Diego Arruda , Lopes-Cendes Iscia , Bezerra Marcos André Cavalcanti , da Silva Araújo Aderson , Lucena-Araújo Antônio Roberto , de Souza Gonçalves Marilda , Saad Sara Teresinha Olalla , Costa Fernando Ferreira , de Melo Mônica Barbosa
Published: May 2019

Although sickle cell anemia results from homozygosity for a single mutation at position 7 of the β-globin chain, the clinical aspects of this condition are very heterogeneous. Complications include leg ulcers, which have a negative impact on patients’ quality of life and are related to the severity of the disease. Nevertheless, the complex pathogenesis of this complication has yet to be elucidated. To identify novel genes associated with leg ulcers in sickle cell anemia, we performed whole-exome sequencing of extreme phenotypes in a sample of Brazilian sickle cell anemia patients and validated our findings in another sample. Our discovery cohort consisted of 40 unrelated sickle cell anemia patients selected based on extreme phenotypes: 20 patients without leg ulcers, aged from 40 to 61 years, and 20 with chronic leg ulcers. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and used for whole-exome sequencing. After the bioinformatics analysis, eight variants were selected for validation by Sanger sequencing and TaqMan® genotyping in 293 sickle cell anemia patients (153 without leg ulcers) from two different locations in Brazil. After the validation, Fisher’s exact test revealed a statistically significant difference in a stop codon variant (rs12568784 G/T) in the FLG2 gene between the GT and GG genotypes ( P = 0.035). We highlight the importance of rs12568784 in leg ulcer development as this variant of the FLG2 gene results in impairment of the skin barrier, predisposing the individual to inflammation and infection. Additionally, we suggest that the remaining seven variants and the genes in which they occur could be strong candidates for leg ulcers in sickle cell anemia.

Impact statement

To our knowledge, the present study is the first to use whole-exome sequencing based on extreme phenotypes to identify new candidate genes associated with leg ulcers in sickle cell anemia patients. There are few studies about this complication; the pathogenesis remains complex and has yet to be fully elucidated. We identified interesting associations in genes never related with this complication to our knowledge, especially the variant in the FLG2 gene. The knowledge of variants related with leg ulcer in sickle cell anemia may lead to a better comprehension of the disease’s etiology, allowing prevention and early treatment options in risk genotypes while improving quality of life for these patients.
ParkinSong: A Controlled Trial of Singing-Based Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Tamplin Jeanette , Morris Meg E. , Marigliani Caterina , Baker Felicity A. , Vogel Adam P.
Published: May 2019

Background. Communication impairment is one of the most common symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD), significantly affecting quality of life. Singing shares many of the neural networks and structural mechanisms used during speech and, thus, has potential for therapeutic application to address speech disorders. Objective. To explore the effects of an interdisciplinary singing-based therapeutic intervention (ParkinSong) on voice and communication in people with PD. Methods. A controlled trial compared the effects of the ParkinSong intervention with an active control condition at 2 dosage levels (weekly vs monthly) over 3 months, on voice, speech, respiratory strength, and voice-related quality-of-life outcomes for 75 people living with PD. The interdisciplinary ParkinSong model comprised high-effort vocal and respiratory tasks, speech exercises, group singing, and social communication opportunities. Results. ParkinSong intervention participants demonstrated significant improvements in vocal intensity ( P = .018), maximum expiratory pressure ( P = .032), and voice-related quality of life ( P = .043) in comparison to controls. Weekly ParkinSong participants increased vocal intensity more than monthly participants ( P = .011). Vocal intensity declined in nontreatment control groups. No statistical differences between groups on maximum phonation length or maximum inspiratory pressure were observed at 3 months. Conclusions. ParkinSong is an engaging intervention with the potential to increase loudness and respiratory function in people with mild to moderately severe PD.
Prospective International Pilot Study Evaluating the Efficacy of a Self-Guided Contouring Teaching Module With Integrated Feedback for Transitioning From 2D to 3D Treatment Planning
Authors: Abugideiri Mustafa , Schreibmann Eduard , Switchenko Jeffrey , McDonald Mark W. , Beitler Jonathan J. , Curran Walter J. , Bruner Deborah , Patel Pretesh , Tigeneh Wondemagegnhu , Mijena Miressa , Tian Sibo , Dhabaan Anees , Esiashvili Natia , Liu Tian , Ali Arif N.
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE

Transitioning from two-dimensional to three-dimensional treatment planning requires developing contouring skills. Contouring atlases are excellent resources, but they do not provide users active feedback. Developing countries may not have many radiation oncologists experienced in three-dimensional planning to provide training. We sought to develop a standardized self-guided educational module with integrated feedback to teach contouring skills.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

All 18 oncology residents at Black Lion Hospital/Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia were trained to contour the level II lymph node station. Residents took a baseline pretest quiz, survey, and contouring evaluation. Residents then watched an instructional contouring lecture and performed three additional cases with integrated feedback by comparing their contours to gold-standard contours. Residents then took a post-training quiz, survey, and contouring evaluation. Paired t tests and analysis of variance were used for analysis.

RESULTS

Before training, the average number of total cases ever contoured was 2.4 and the average number of head and neck cases contoured was 0.5. Comfort with contouring improved from being “not at all comfortable” to “quite comfortable” after the 3-hour training ( P < .001). The standard deviation between the resident contours and gold standard improved from 72.6 cm3 (pretest) to 7.4 cm3 (post-test). The average percentage overlap with the gold-standard contours and Dice similarity coefficient improved with each case performed, from 27.7% and 0.26 (pretest) to 80.1% and 0.77 (post-test), respectively ( P < .001). After training, 16 of 18 (88.9%) residents produced a Dice similarity coefficient greater than 0.7, the threshold generally accepted for excellent agreement.

CONCLUSION

This self-guided teaching module was an effective tool for developing level II lymph node contouring skills by providing active feedback and resulted in improved user confidence and accuracy compared with a gold standard. This module can be expanded to other disease sites and countries to further facilitate transitioning to three-dimensional treatment planning in developing countries.
A songbird compensates for wing molt during escape flights by reducing the molt gap and increasing angle-of-attack
Authors: Tomotani Barbara M. , Muijres Florian T.
Published: May 2019

During molt, birds replace their feathers to retain feather quality and maintain flight performance. However, wing gaps inherent of this process can also reduce flight capacities, which could be detrimental when foraging or escaping predators. Still, many bird species will not stop their normal activities when molting. In this study, we investigated whether and how birds adjust their escape flight behavior to compensate for the reduction in performance when flying with wing gaps. Using stereoscopic high-speed videography, we filmed 146 upward-directed escape flights of 19 and 22 pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) with and without simulated molt gaps, respectively. We then reconstructed the three-dimensional body and wing movements throughout each maneuver. By comparing flights with and without gaps, we determined how wing molt gaps affected wing morphology, escape flight performance, and how the birds adjusted their flight kinematics in order to negate possible negative aerodynamic effects. Our manipulations resulted in a lower second-moment-of-area of the wings, but flight speed and net aerodynamic force production did not differ between the two groups. We found that in manipulated birds, the size of the gap was reduced as the flight feathers adjacent to the gap had moved towards each other. Moreover, the experimental decrease in second-moment-of-area was associated with an increase in angle-of-attack, whereas changes in wingbeat-induced speeds were associated with variations in aerodynamic force production. This suggests that the control of escape flight in molting birds might be modular, allowing relatively simple flight control, thus reducing the burden on the neuro-muscular flight control system.
Dollar Invoicing and the Heterogeneity of Exchange Rate Pass-Through
Authors: Boz Emine , Gopinath Gita , Plagborg-Møller Mikkel
Published: May 2019

We show empirically that the variation across country pairs in exchange rate pass-through and trade elasticity is meaningfully explained by the dollar's dominance as invoicing currency. We use a hierarchical Bayesian approach to directly and flexibly model pass-through heterogeneity conditional on the invoicing currency share. We estimate that the importer's country-level dollar invoicing share explains 15 percent of the overall variance across trading pairs in dollar exchange rate pass-through into bilateral prices.
A Cautionary Tale about Emergency Financial Assistance without Services: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluation at a Community College
Authors: Evans William N. , Kearney Melissa S. , Perry Brendan , Sullivan James X.
Published: May 2019

Community college completion rates are extremely low, especially among low-income students. One potential explanation is that low-income students have limited capacity to overcome financial shocks, such as large medical, legal, or car repair bills. Some programs offer “emergency financial assistance” (EFA) to prevent these events from curtailing educational progress. We test the efficacy of EFA within the context of a broader randomized controlled trial at a community college in Texas. We find no evidence that access to EFA alone leads to improved outcomes. We speculate that EFA will only be effective if it is paired with additional case management services.
Blockchains, Coordination, and Forks
Authors: Biais Bruno , Bisière Christophe , Bouvard Matthieu , Casamatta Catherine
Published: May 2019

Blockchains are distributed ledgers. Their protocol aims at ensuring that the miners in charge of recording transactions reach a consensus about a unique ledger. In this paper, we highlight that the game induced by the blockchain proof-of-work protocol generates several equilibria. In some equilibria, different versions of the ledger or “branches” coexist, breaching consensus. Such forks arise because of the interplay of miners' incentives to coordinate on the same branch, and miners' incentives to protect their vested interests on a given branch. We illustrate that these elements were present in the recent hard forks that occurred on Bitcoin.
Price Discovery in Cryptocurrency Markets
Authors: Makarov Igor , Schoar Antoinette
Published: May 2019

We ask which markets drive bitcoin prices and how price discovery happens across different exchanges. Does the greater exuberance for cryptocurrencies outside the United States affect prices only on local markets or does it impact price formation on global cryptocurrency markets? We document significant heterogeneity in which price formation happens across exchanges and time. When markets are more integrated, shocks to prices on all exchanges contribute to price discovery. However, when markets become segmented, those exchanges that have large arbitrage spreads relative to the US price, i.e. where investors are more exuberant become much less important for price discovery.
Now You See Me, Now You Don’t: The Geography of Police Stops
Authors: Kalinowski Jesse J. , Ross Matthew B. , Ross Stephen L.
Published: May 2019

This paper uses state police stop data in Texas to assess patrol activity. We find that both the types of stops and allocation of resources over space change in darkness relative to daylight, and that the changes in stop type and manpower allocation are correlated within police officers. We also find that the counties receiving more police resources in darkness have a higher share of minority residents. Veil of Darkness (VOD) tests of racial discrimination in traffic stops require that the distribution of motorists be independent of darkness, which is unlikely to be the case without detailed geographic controls.
Long-Term Treatment Effects of Job Search Assistance and Training: A Summary of Recent Evidence
Authors: Manoli Day , Patel Ankur
Published: May 2019

This paper presents a summary of recent evidence on long-term treatment effects from job search assistance and training services on labor market outcomes. The evidence is based on merging program data from three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to administrative tax data. The RCTs are for the following programs: the Nevada Reemployment Eligibility Assessment program, Workforce Investment Act Adult and Dislocated Worker programs, and the Job Corps program.
Ensemble Methods for Causal Effects in Panel Data Settings
Authors: Athey Susan , Bayati Mohsen , Imbens Guido , Qu Zhaonan
Published: May 2019

In many prediction problems researchers have found that combinations of prediction methods (“ensembles”) perform better than individual methods. In this paper we apply these ideas to synthetic control type problems in panel data. Here a number of conceptually quite different methods have been developed. We compare the predictive accuracy of three methods with an ensemble method and find that the latter dominates. These results show that ensemble methods are a practical and effective method for the type of data configurations typically encountered in empirical work in economics, and that these methods deserve more attention.
The Gender Socialization of Children Growing Up in Nontraditional Families
Authors: Bertrand Marianne
Published: May 2019

We study how childhood exposure to a nontraditional family (a working married mother, a married mother that is the primary breadwinner, or a non-married mother) affects gender role attitudes in young adulthood. Boys and girls develop more liberal gender attitudes when they spend more time with a non-married mother. In intact families, boys' gender attitudes, more than girls', appear positively influenced by the role model of a working mother, especially if she is also the primary breadwinner. However, the effect of childhood exposure to a mother with greater economic power on boys' gender attitudes is smaller in more gender conservative families.
Policy Options at the Zero Lower Bound When Foresight is Limited
Authors: Woodford Michael , Xie Yinxi
Published: May 2019

We reconsider several monetary and fiscal policies that have been proposed as tools of stabilization policy when conventional interest-rate policy is constrained by the zero lower bound on interest rates, assuming that households and firms are capable of explicit forward planning over only a limited horizon. The predicted effects of all of the policies are somewhat different than under rational expectations, but credible announcements about future policy can still influence behavior, and there is, if anything, an even stronger case for pursuing systematic policies outside crisis periods in order to shape expectations during a crisis.
The Child Left Behind: Parental Incarceration and Adult Human Capital in the United States
Authors: Henkhaus Laura E.
Published: May 2019

Exposure to parental incarceration is particularly prevalent in the United States, where about 7 percent of children have lived with a parent who was incarcerated. In this paper, I use nationally representative US data and apply partial identification methods to bound the likely effects of parental incarceration on education and labor market outcomes. Findings suggest that parental incarceration leads to substantially higher rates of high school dropout. Results provide some support for negative effects on likelihood of college degree attainment and employment in young adulthood. This work has important implications for criminal justice policy and social policies toward children.
Traditional Medicine in Central Africa
Authors: Lowes Sara , Montero Eduardo
Published: May 2019

In many settings, traditional medicine is a popular, accessible, and affordable alternative to modern medicine. Understanding the determinants of the use of traditional medicine is important because it is widespread and because of the growing evidence of mistrust in modern medicine. We examine the historical and present day correlates of knowledge and use of traditional medicine in Central Africa. We find that type of colonial contact matters for present day traditional medicine use and that belief in witchcraft predicts more use of traditional medicine. We suggest that traditional healers may play an important role in rebuilding trust in modern medicine.
Grades in Economics and Other Undergraduate Courses
Authors: Walstad William , Bosshardt William
Published: May 2019

This study analyzes GPA data from the transcripts of college grades using the Baccalaureate and Beyond survey data from the National Center for Education Statistics at the US Department of Education. It reports GPAs overall and for 12 undergraduate majors including economics. The regression analysis investigates the likely effects of prior ability or achievement, demographics, and institutional variables on both the overall GPA and GPAs in selected academic subjects, including economics. Gender differences are explored for the marginal effects of taking a course in a subject and differences in the percentages of “A” grades earned when a course is taken.
A Practical Method to Reduce Privacy Loss When Disclosing Statistics Based on Small Samples
Authors: Chetty Raj , Friedman John N.
Published: May 2019

Building on insights from the differential privacy literature, we develop a simple noise-infusion method to reduce privacy loss when disclosing statistics such as OLS regression estimates based on small samples. Although our method does not offer a formal privacy guarantee, it outperforms widely used methods of disclosure limitation such as count-based cell suppression both in terms of privacy loss and statistical bias. We illustrate how the method can be implemented by discussing how it was used to release estimates of social mobility by census tract in the Opportunity Atlas. We provide a step-by-step guide and code to implement our approach.
Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goat livers: Risks for human consumption
Authors: BAHRAMI S. , ZAREI M. , GHORBANPOUR M. , KARAMI S.
Published: May 2019

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases worldwide and is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Besides vertical transmission during pregnancy, humans can become infected post-natally either by oral uptake of sporulated Toxoplasma oocysts or through ingestion of tissue cysts upon consumption of raw or undercooked meat. The aim of this study was to approximate the risk of human infection via liver consumption by estimating the seroprevalence and molecular prevalence of T. gondii in slaughtered sheep and goats in Iran. In the present study, livers from 150 sheep and 150 goats were collected at slaughter. In- house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed in T. gondii liver juice. Parasite-specific polymerase chain reaction was carried out on all samples obtained from liver tissues. Antibodies against T. gondii were detected by in-house ELISA in 32.6% sheep and 48% goat livers and 8% and 11.3% of sheep and goat livers were positive for the presence of T. gondii DNA, respectively. The results of this study provide baseline information on the presence of T. gondii in sheep and goats livers and imply an important human health and hygienic risk associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked liver from these animal species.
Laparoscopic castration in stallions with two different testicular blood vessels occluding techniques
Authors: EL-KHAMARY A, N, , EL-SHERIF M. W.
Published: May 2019

Castration of horses is indicated for many reasons and could be performed with variable techniques. Laparoscopic castration is an improved choice. Laparoscopic castrated horses have better cosmetic appearance, return rapidly to normal physical status and have little postoperative complications. The main challenges during laparoscopic castration are obtaining an optimal visualization of the internal inguinal orifices and their content of vas deferens and testicular blood vessels and appropriate occlusion and transaction of the testicular blood vessels to obtain avascular atrophy of the testicles that remains in situ within scrotum. Laparoscopic castration was performed in horses lied in lateral recumbency for better visualization of the target structures and two methods for vascular occlusion were compared. Endo-clipping is effective testicular vessels occluding method and more reliable than bipolar cauterization. Lateral recumbency layout decreased risks of hemodynamic changes during surgery and provided optimal visualization of the surgical field.
Improving Hand Hygiene Process Compliance Through Process Monitoring in Healthcare
Authors: Chen Wenlin , Tseng Chung-Li , Sunny Yang Shu-Jung
Published: May 2019

Problem definition: We study a compliance problem of healthcare workers (HCWs) in hospitals where hand hygiene compliance rates are generally low. We first analyze how peer effects impact compliance decisions of HCWs and then analyze how monitoring can improve compliance. Academic/practical relevance: Inducing process compliance of human operators is an ongoing challenge in operations management with significant implications on the productivity and the quality of the products or services rendered by standardized processes. In healthcare, low hand hygiene compliance of HCWs is the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections, which can be largely prevented by HCWs following standardized hand hygiene processes. Methodology: Using a game-theoretical approach, we model HCWs’ reactions to peers’ (non-)compliance to determine their equilibrium compliance levels. We integrate the model with a disease-transmission model to determine how the compliance affects disease prevalence in a hospital ward. Results: When the process compliance is endogenous, HCWs play a mixed strategy in equilibrium between complying and noncomplying. We establish that a macrolevel hand hygiene compliance rate of HCWs can result from a combination of four different types of microlevel noncompliance: free-riding, safe-playing, self-regarding, and opportunistic behaviors. Finally, we show that the marginal effect of monitoring on reducing disease prevalence depends on clinical factors, HCWs’ interpersonal learning, and other integration factors like goal setting. Managerial implications: The results demonstrate that the monitoring intervention may not effectively prevent disease transmission without understanding the microlevel behaviors of noncompliant HCWs. Our results provide an explanation as to why there is a significant variability in the effectiveness of management intervention as observed in practice.
The Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Customer Inconvenience Constraints
Authors: Bianchessi Nicola , Drexl Michael , Irnich Stefan
Published: May 2019

In classical routing problems, each customer is visited exactly once. By contrast, when allowing split deliveries, customers may be served through multiple visits. This potentially results in substantial savings in travel costs. Even if split deliveries are beneficial to the transport company, several visits may be undesirable on the customer side: At each visit the customer has to interrupt his primary activities and handle the goods receipt. The contribution of the present paper consists in a thorough analysis of the possibilities and limitations of split delivery distribution strategies. To this end, we investigate two different types of measures for limiting customer inconvenience (a maximum number of visits and the temporal synchronization of deliveries) and evaluate the impact of these measures on carrier efficiency by means of different objective functions (comprising variable routing costs, costs related to route durations, and fixed fleet costs). We consider the vehicle routing problem with time windows in which split deliveries are allowed (SDVRPTW) and define the corresponding generalization that takes into account customer inconvenience constraints (SDVRPTW-IC). We design an extended branch-and-cut algorithm to solve the SDVRPTW-IC and report on experimental results showing the impact of customer inconvenience constraints. We finally draw useful insights for logistics managers on the basis of the experimental analysis carried out.
Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir/Voxilaprevir for Previous Treatment Failures With Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir in Chronic Hepatitis C Infection
Authors: Pearlman Brian , Perrys Michael , Hinds Andrew
Published: May 2019

Objectives:

Chronic hepatitis C-infected patients who do not respond to nonstructural 5A inhibitor-containing regimens have few treatment options. It is unclear if patients who fail glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) (Mavyret) can be re-treated with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir (SOF/VEL/VOX) (Vosevi) because the latter's registration trials antedated the availability of the former.

Methods:

Adherent virologic failures to G/P were re-treated with 12 weeks of SOF/VEL/VOX, and all subjects underwent resistance testing at baseline and again with subsequent relapse.

Results:

Ninety-four percent of subjects achieved sustained virologic response with re-treatment, despite 90% of 31 subjects harboring nonstructural 5A inhibitor resistance-associated mutations at baseline.

DISCUSSION:

SOF/VEL/VOX is an effective regimen for virologic failures to G/P.
Interpretation of soil erosion in a Polish loess area using OSL, 137Cs, 210Pbex, dendrochronology and micromorphology – case study: Biedrzykowice site (s Poland)
Authors: Poręba Grzegorz , Śnieszko Zbigniew , Moska Piotr , Mroczek Przemysław , Malik Ireneusz
Published: May 2019

Loess areas used for agriculture are susceptible to soil erosion. The intensive process of soil erosion in Polish loess areas began with the onset of the Neolithic and has continued intermittently until today. This work presents the results of soil erosion from simultaneous use of the 137Cs and 210Pbex methods on an agricultural field located on loess slope. Moreover, to establish the age of accumulated sediment connected with water slope erosion, OSL dating, selected physicochemical and micromorphological analyses were applied.

The reference values of the 137Cs and 210Pbex fallout for the studied site (Biedrzykowice, the Proszowice Plateau, Małopolska Upland) equal 2627 (45% connected with Chernobyl) and 4835 Bq·m–2, respectively. The results of the 137Cs and 210Pbex inventories measured for the agricultural field range from 730 to 7911 and from 1615 to 11136 Bq·m–2, respectively. The mean soil erosion is about 2.1 kg·m–2·a–1 (about 1.4 mm·a–1). The accumulation of the colluvial sediments started in the Neolithic and drastically increased in the Middle Ages. The examined gully catchment in Biedrzykowice has probably developed quite rapidly as a result of increased erosion. This resulted in the abandonment of this area as farmland and, consequently, in the minimization of water erosion on the slope due to the entrance of woody vegetation in this area. Erosion processes were highly intensified during the last 70 years as a result of deforestation after World War II and intensive agricultural reuse of this area after a break, as indicated by isotope measurements and dendrochronology.
Remarkable electronic effect on the total stereoselectivity of the cycloaddition reaction of arylnitrile oxides with pyrrol-2-one derivatives
Authors: Guesmi A , Hamadi N Ben
Published: May 2019

The regiospecific 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 1,5-dihydropyrrol-2-one and arylnitrile oxides derivatives have been investigated. The asymmetric induction expected by the chiral centre of the 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,5-dihydropyrrol-2-one derivatives was very effective, single diastereoisomers anti-3 was formed. The diastereoselectivity was linked to the destabilization of the syn transition state as a result of the electrostatic repulsion between the hydroxy group of the dihydropyrrol-2-one derivatives and the atom oxygen of the dipole.
Influence of Joule Heating and Non-Linear Radiation on MHD 3D Dissipating Flow of Casson Nanofluid past a Non-Linear Stretching Sheet
Authors: Sreenivasulu Pandikunta , Poornima Tamalapakula , Reddy Nandanoor Bhaskar
Published: May 2019

Present analysis is to study the combined effects of viscous dissipation and Joule heating on MHD three-dimensional laminar flow of a viscous incompressible non-linear radiating Casson nanofluid past a nonlinear stretching porous sheet. Present model describes that flow generated by bi-directional non-linear stretching sheet with thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations by similarity transformations and then solved by employing shooting method. The effects of the flow parameters on the velocity, temperature and concentration as well as the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number near the wall are computed for various values of the fluid properties. This study reveals that the temperature of Casson nanofluid increases with combination of viscous dissipation and Joule heating. Increasing thermophoresis parameter increases the species concentration of the nanoflow. The comparison of present results have been made with the published work and the results are found to be very good agreement.
Proposition 8 and Homophobic Bullying in California
Authors: Hatzenbuehler Mark L. , Shen Yishan , Vandewater Elizabeth A. , Russell Stephen T.
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND:

Bias-based bullying is associated with negative outcomes for youth, but its contextual predictors are largely unknown. Voter referenda that target lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender groups may be 1 contextual factor contributing to homophobic bullying.

METHODS:

Data come from 14 consecutive waves (2001–2014) of cross-sectional surveys of students participating in the California Healthy Kids Survey (N = 4 977 557). Student responses were aggregated to the school level (n = 5121). Using a quasi-experimental design, we compared rates of homophobic bullying before and after Proposition 8, a voter referendum that restricted marriage to heterosexuals in November 2008.

RESULTS:

Interrupted time series analyses confirmed that the academic year 2008–2009, during which Proposition 8 was passed, served as a turning point in homophobic bullying. The rate of homophobic bullying increased (blinear = 1.15; P < .001) and accelerated (bquadratic = 0.08; P < .001) in the period before Proposition 8. After Proposition 8, homophobic bullying gradually decreased (blinear = −0.28; P < .05). Specificity analyses showed that these trends were not observed among students who reported that they were bullied because of their race and/or ethnicity, religion, or gender but not because of their sexual orientation. Furthermore, the presence of a protective factor specific to school contexts among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth (gay-straight alliances) was associated with a smaller increase in homophobic bullying pre–Proposition 8.

CONCLUSIONS:

This research provides some of the first empirical evidence that public campaigns that promote stigma may confer risk for bias-based bullying among youth.
Ethical Issues Considered When Establishing a Pediatrics Gender Surgery Center
Authors: Boskey Elizabeth R. , Johnson Judith A. , Harrison Charlotte , Marron Jonathan M. , Abecassis Leah , Scobie-Carroll Allison , Willard Julian , Diamond David A. , Taghinia Amir H. , Ganor Oren
Published: May 2019

As part of establishing a gender surgery center at a pediatric academic hospital, we undertook a process of identifying key ethical, legal, and contextual issues through collaboration among clinical providers, review by hospital leadership, discussions with key staff and hospital support services, consultation with the hospital’s ethics committee, outreach to other institutions providing transgender health care, and meetings with hospital legal counsel. This process allowed the center to identify key issues, formulate approaches to resolving those issues, and develop policies and procedures addressing stakeholder concerns. Key issues identified during the process included the appropriateness of providing gender-affirming surgeries to adolescents and adults, given the hospital’s mission and emphasis on pediatric services; the need for education on the clinical basis for offered procedures; methods for obtaining adequate informed consent and assent; the lower and upper acceptable age limits for various procedures; the role of psychological assessments in determining surgical eligibility; the need for coordinated, multidisciplinary patient care; and the importance of addressing historical access inequities affecting transgender patients. The process also facilitated the development of policies addressing the identified issues, articulation of a guiding mission statement, institution of ongoing educational opportunities for hospital staff, beginning outreach to the community, and guidance as to future avenues of research and policy development. Given the sensitive nature of the center’s services and the significant clinical, ethical, and legal issues involved, we recommend such a process when a establishing a program for gender surgery in a pediatric institution.
Preparación y certificación de un Material de Referencia en densidad de agua ultra pura
Authors: Chavarría Sánchez Jessica
Published: May 2019

La conductividad y dureza total en muestras de agua producida por cuatro combinaciones de equipos de purificación de agua fueron estudiadas. Se produjo agua ultrapura mediante diferentes métodos, eligiéndose la metodología que con que se obtuvieron muestras de agua con una conductividad y dureza total menor. Se llevaron a cabo varios procesos para la certificación de los materiales entre ellos: estudio de la conductividad en función del tiempo, el estudio del efecto de los procesos de llenado y envase, de asignación de valor de la densidad a cuatro temperaturas diferentes, utilizando métodos y variables de los estudios de estabilidad en las magnitudes de la conductividad y la densidad. Finalmente los resultados de la certificación fueron reportados en el certificado para el material de referencia certificado en densidad de los lotes de agua ultra pura
Método de ensayo para la determinación cualitativa y cuantitativa del contenido de polímero presente en ligantes asfálticos modificados
Authors: Salazar Delgado Jorge
Published: May 2019

En Costa Rica, como en muchos países, se está implementando el uso de asfaltos modificados con polímeros en la construcción de carreteras, el mercado creciente ofrece varios tipos de polímeros que mejoran notablemente las propiedades reológicas de los asfaltos, comúnmente del tipo SBR, SBS, polvo de hule de llanta, EMA, EVA entre otros. Los porcentajes de modificación con respecto al ligante asfáltico están entre el 1% al 5% m/m. Sin embargo, a pesar del hecho anterior, poca investigación se ha realizado en la cuantificación de la cantidad de polímero incorporado en el ligante asfáltico.En consecuencia, el presente estudio pretende revisar los métodos para determinar, de forma cuantitativa y cualitativa, la presencia de polímeros presentes en el ligante asfáltico. Este artículo está dirigido principalmente a los laboratorios de ensayo que ejecutan ensayos a ligantes asfálticos y sus derivados, pero también a los ingenieros y profesionales que trabajan en la construcción de obras viales y en su control de calidad
Efecto de los materiales de coronamiento en la resistencia a la compresión de cilindros de concreto
Authors: Rodríguez Einer
Published: May 2019

El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar la relación entre el tipo de coronamiento de los especímenes cilíndricos de concreto y su respectivo valor final de esfuerzo a la compresión, de tal forma que permita determinar el cumplimiento según el método utilizado. Se estudian tres métodos posibles para preparar las caras de los cilindros, la primera consiste en colocar una mezcla formada de yeso-cemento a especímenes endurecidos, la segunda es colocar una mezcla elaborada con cemento Portland a especímenes frescos y la última se refiere a preparar las caras de los especímenes endurecidos mediante pulido. Como punto de comparación principal se tienen los cilindros con caras pulidas, considerados los elementos más representativos, dado que la carga de falla se aplica directamente al espécimen, posteriormente se analizan los resultados de compresión de los demás elementos. Como resultado final de la investigación, no hay una diferencia significativa en el valor de resistencia a la compresión inconfinada, por tanto los tres métodos para preparar las caras de los cilindros son aceptables
Interpretación a partir del análisis cinético de los resultados del ensayo acelerado (IRAM 1674) para la reacción álcali-sílice pavimentos
Authors: Vila González Patricia Elizabet , Pereyra María Noel
Published: May 2019

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de expansión según el ensayo acelerado de la barra de mortero (IRAM 1674) hasta los 14 días de inmersión en solución agresiva y el análisis cinético según las recomendaciones RILEM AAR-2. El objetivo principal del trabajo es contribuir a la interpretación de los resultados del ensayo acelerado a partir del análisis del crecimiento de la expansión con la edad del ensayo (análisis cinético), otorgándole así mayor confiabilidad al ensayo. El análisis cinético consiste en ajustar por mínimos cuadrados los datos experimentales de expansión a un modelo de comportamiento conocido (modelo KAMJ), de dónde surgen los parámetros Lnk y M.

El cálculo de los parámetros cinéticos Lnk y M es un buen indicador para analizar el comportamiento de la reacción. Si bien en la bibliografía se propone un valor límite para Lnk de -6 (valores menores, agregados no reactivos y valores mayores agregados deletéreos), al analizar los datos experimentales, se observó que valores bajos de este parámetro podrían no estar asociados a un crecimiento asintótico de la expansión, y por lo tanto, presentar un comportamiento deletéreo. Se considera que el coeficiente Lnk/M es un buen indicador para evaluar el comportamiento del agregado. Sin embargo - para poder definir un valor límite para el coeficiente Lnk/M - resulta necesario establecer una correlación con los ensayos en primas de hormigón de larga duración (1año o más) o de la experiencia en campo de comportamiento del agregado.
UNA APUESTA POLÍTICA DESDE LAS MUJERES POR LA LUCHA DE LA VIVIENDA
Authors: Arroyo Araya Helga , Paniagua Arguedas Laura
Published: May 2019

En este artículo se debate sobre la vinculación que establecen los grupos organizados por la vivienda y las personas de sectores populares con las instituciones estatales, las organizaciones no gubernamentales y privadas, así como, con iglesias a partir de una lógica de “sujetos carenciados”. Desde la perspectiva del feminismo, a través de metodologías participativas, se revisa la organización popular y las experiencias de las mujeres organizadas en el año 2016, con el fin de posicionar reflexiones críticas que busquen propuestas políticas más liberadoras.
LA CONTRACULTURA COMO PROTESTA: REBELDÍA Y SUMISIÓN
Authors: Camacho Monge Daniel
Published: May 2019

La sociedad es cultura, de la misma forma que el océano es el agua o la atmósfera el aire. El océano no es solamente agua, hay en él muchas otras cosas, pero cualquiera de ellas puede faltar, mientras que si falta el agua no es océano. En la atmósfera hay un infinito número de otros objetos, pero sin aire sería cualquier cosa menos atmósfera. Igualmente, sociedad no es sinónimo de cultura, pero la cultura está en todos sus resquicios. En la sociedad no hay fenómeno, dinámica, acción, o realidad de cualquier tipo en la cual la cultura no sea su indefectible fundamento. La cultura es una realidad compleja que se transforma sin cesar y dentro de ella hay una permanente y a veces violenta lucha, porque no es única ni unívoca sino contradictoria y variada. Por lo general, en la sociedad hay una cultura dominante, que normalmente coincide con aquello que es eficaz para los sectores que ostentan el poder social. No obstante, coexisten manifestaciones culturales contestatarias y cuestionadoras. Por profundoque sea el control social de los poderosos, siempre hay culturas en rebeldía, a las que se ha dado en llamar contraculturas. Por medio de ellas se manifiesta la inconformidad y el malestar de los sectores dominados.En la Sección Central de esta entrega de la Revista de Ciencias Sociales, se han incluido seis artículos que ilustran lo anteriormente dicho. Dos de ellos, Briceño sobre la música hip hop y Fernández sobre los desaparecidos de Ayotzinapa, se refieren a importantísimas manifestaciones contraculturales, la primera en el campo de las artes y la segunda en el de la política. Los otros cuatro se ocupan de dinámicas de control de la contracultura y de fortalecimiento de la cultura dominante: Osorio y Tinoco-García sobre jóvenes definidos desde el poder como antisociales, Calderón sobre el aplastamiento de los derechos de las mujeresen las iglesias pentecostales, Concha y Alfaro sobre los buenos modales alimenticios dentro de una institución bancaria y Restrepo sobre la enseñanza de una versión dominante de la historia patria.
LEGITIMACIÓN DE LAS ERT EN CIUDAD DE MÉXICO: UN ANÁLISIS CON EL ENFOQUE DE LA ACCIÓN PÚBLICA
Authors: Hernández Romero Yasmín
Published: May 2019

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en analizar la regulación de las empresas de redes detransporte basadas en aplicaciones móviles (ert) en la Ciudad de México (CDMX), mediante el enfoque de la acción pública propuesto por Lascoumes y Le Galés (2014), basándose en documentos oficiales e hipertextos, reconstruyendo el proceso acontecido durante el periodo de 2013 a 2017, el cual permitió su operación legal. Se concluye explicando en cómo la  configuración de la acción pública y el arreglo final establecido condujeron a la legitimación y legalización de las ERT.
EL SURGIMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA DE LA LIBERTAD EN LA MODERNIDAD BURGUESA. SU FORMULACIÓN EN LEIBNIZ
Authors: Ayala Saavedra Roberto
Published: May 2019

Libertad y Determinismo definen los términos de un problema instalado en el centro del debate intelectual desde los inicios de la modernidad. Las relaciones entre la subjetividad y el mundo objetivo, la acción y la estructura, remiten al núcleo problemático, la principal cuestión de fundamentos, junto al de la historicidad de las ciencias sociales. El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar el abordaje y los aportes realizados en este campo por uno de los más grandes pensadores de la modernidad, G. Leibniz.