bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The community structure of giant clam in the waters of Morella village, Leihitu region, Central Mollucas Regency
Authors: Mamesah J A B , Uneputty P A , Rima Z A
Published: June 2021

Kima (giant clams) are molluscs that inhabit the ocean floor on the reef and sand substrate. There are 7 species found in the waters of Indonesia namely Tridacna maxima, T. squamosa, T. gigas, T crocea, T derasa, Hippoppus hippoppus and H. porcelanus. Kima are included among the protected biota, both nationally and internationally. This research was conducted on the waters of Morella Village, Leihitu Region, Central Mollucas Regency. The study sites are divided into two stations: Station 1 is the waters of Mahiwa Bay and Station 2 is the waters of Tihlepuai Bay. Station 2 is a Kima farm established in December 2016 by the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. Samples were collected by using the belt transect method. The results obtained are as follows. In Station 1, the 2 species found are T. maxima and T. squamosa, while the 4 species found in Station 2 are T. maxima, T. squamosa, T crocea and H. hippoppus. The highest value, abundance, density, and frequency of occurrence were represented by T. squamosa. The diversity and homogeneity indexes in the waters of Morella village were in the high and medium levels, respectively. The result of this research will add data contribution in determining strategies for kima conservation in Mollucas.
The potential used of Amphipod-Crustacea as live food for blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus crablet
Authors: Herlinah  , Sulaeman  , Gunarto
Published: June 2021

The mortality rate at crablet stage of blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus during weaning is still high. Insufficient in food availability can be a trigger to high cannibalism. On the other hands, the used of artificial feed often causes a decrease in water quality. Information on the use of live feed during the crablet weaning is not yet available. This study aims to look at the opportunity to use Amphipod-crustacea, Grandidierella megnae (Giles, 1888) as a live food at crablet-4 (C4) stage of swimmer crabs. The consumption rate of C4 against amphipod was tested at various density levels using glass containers with 1L volume. Each container was filled with 0.5 L of sterilized sea water with 30 ppt salinity and included one crab of C4. Five levels of amphipod density applied were 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 ind.L−1 with 10 replications each. The amount of amphipod consumed by a crablet during 10 hours of exposure is recorded and presented in tabular and graphical form. The results showed that the consumption rate of C4 against amphipod increases significantly (P<0.05) as the density of amphipod increase and reach the maximum value at 10 ind.crab−1. Based on the consumption rate of C4 against amphipod, can be concluded that the G. megnae (Giles, 1888) is suitable as a live food during weaning of swimming crab. However, more detail about the effect of amphipod on growth rate of swimming crab is still need more detail study.
High density aquaculture of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in controlled tank
Authors: Suwoyo H S , Hendrajat E A
Published: June 2021

The study was aimed to evaluate the growth, survival rate and production of white shrimp (L. vannamei) culture under different stocking density in controlled tank. This research was conducted at Experimental Pond Installation. Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension in Maros Regency, South Sulawesi. Indonesia. Juveniles of white shrimp size in weight 0.14 g/ind were cultured for 70 days in three different stocking densities: 100, 200 and 300 ind/m3 in a total of nine fibre tanks sized of 2 m3. The study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD). with three replications for each treatment. The parameters observed were growth rate, survival rate, production, feed conversion ratio of white shrimp and water quality condition. The results showed that the different stocking density had a significant effect (P <0.05) on growth, survival rate and production of white shrimp. The final weight and absolute weight of vaname shrimp decreased as density increased to 300 ind/ m3. The final weight of vaname shrimp in treatments A. B and C were 13.70 g/ind, 12.27 g/ind and 10.90 g/ind respectively. Survival rate and production of white shrimp in this study ranged from 80-95% and 1.24-2.42 kg/m3 respectively. Water quality measured during the experiment was suitable for the growth of white shrimp.
Effect of different doses of 17α-methyl testosterone (17-α MT) hormone on male broodstock of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon sperm quality
Authors: Mulyaningrum S R H , Parenrengi A , Lante S , Tenriulo A , Daud R , Usman
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to determine the optimum dose of 17α-MT hormone to improve male shrimp P. monodon sperm quality. Male tiger shrimp P. monodon originated from pond with an average weight (57.56 ± 12.79) g were transferred to hatchery and acclimated for 1 week prior treatments. Shrimps were set up in controlled tanks in 5 shrimps/tank density. Treatments were 17α-MT hormone induction in different doses, i.e. A = control (ablation); B = 200 ng/100 g of broodstock body weight (BW); C = 300 ng/100 g BW; and D = 400 ng/100 g BW. The 17-α MT hormone was given using injection method every 7 days in 3 times frequency. Research was completely randomized designed with 4 treatments and 2 replications. Observed variables were: the amount of shrimps which carried spermatophores, weight of spermatophores, quantity of spermatozoa, spermatophores histology and water quality. Data of the amount of shrimps which carried spermatophores, weight of spermatophores and the quantity of spermatozoa were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), while data of spermatophores histology and water quality were analyzed descriptively. The amount of shrimps which carried spermatophores and weight of spermatophores were not significantly different (P>0.05), but spermatozoa quantity was significantly different (P<0.05). The highest spermatozoa quantity was obtained at 300 ng/100 g BW dose in fourth gonad maturity stage. The 17α-MT in 300 ng/100 g BW was the optimum dose for P. monodon sperm quality improvement and it could be applied to replace ablation method.
Identify and characterize the SNP markers for traceability of scallop spiny lobster Panulirus homarus (Decapoda, Palinuridae) in Vietnam
Authors: Nhon N N T , Sang T Q , Chau N M , Binh D T
Published: June 2021

Lobster is an aquatic species of ecological and economic importance. In Vietnam, ornate spiny lobster (Panulirus ornatus) and scallop spiny lobster (P. hormatus) are among the main species of aquaculture in Vietnam. Demand for lobster products domestically and internationally is increasing, as in the US, Japan and China markets. Today, consumers are more aware of product brands, food safety and hygiene, so product traceability is essential to protect consumers and businesses. The DNA markers are widely used for commercially traded seafood traceability. Among that, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) have been shown to be robust markers, and offer high reliability. EzRAD sequencing is applied to detect potential SNPs that are characteristic forP. homaruspopulations in Vietnam and Sri Lanka. Through 211 valid SNPs, we detected and 12 SNPSoccurring in Vietnam population, and designed 8 primer pairs to amplified 80-130 bp SNPs products. PCR optimization allows us to select 2 SNPs serving the traceability of VietnameseP. homarus. Further need to more population sampling, and whole genome sequencing in order to develop SNPs panel to seeking the origin of lobster seafood products.
The role of seagrass ecosystem in small islands as a blue carbon in climate change mitigation in Indonesia (case study: Lembeh Island, Bitung Regency)
Authors: Rustam A , Suryono D D , Daulat A , Sudirman N
Published: June 2021

Climate change phenomenon has occurred equally and globally all over the world during the last century, including Indonesia, which known as an archipelagic country with more than 17.000 islands, where most of the island considered as small islands. Lembeh Island known by its high biodiversity in marine resources, especially coral reef which associated with other coastal ecosystems such as mangrove and seagrasses and create a healthy environment. Seagrasses as a blue carbon ecosystem can be functioned as a carbon absorber from the atmosphere and storage in the sediment, and supported the climate change mitigation act in Indonesia. Based on field observation, Lembeh Island region has seven species from possible twelve seagrass species found in Indonesia. Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia Hemprichii dominated the seagrass existence in Lembeh Island with certain characteristics live in a sandy substrate, muddy area or coral reefs. Seagrass in Lembeh Island has potency on biomass carbon as much as 0.96 ± 1.327 MgCha−1 (mostly autochthonous), which lower than the potency of carbon stored in sediment reached more than 40 MgCha−1 (mostly allochthonous). Seagrass ecosystem play an important role in climate change mitigation act and should be supported, developed and collaborated with other coastal ecosystems sucha as coral reefs and mangroves.
Prediction of sediment quality based on the concentration of heavy metals Cu, Zn, and Ni in Jakarta Bay using the index analysis approach
Authors: Edward  , Triandiza T , Rugebregt M J , Opier R D A
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to predict the concentration of heavy metals Cu, Zn, and Ni in sediments and to predict the sediment quality based on an index analysis approach (contamination factors, geo accumulation index, pollution load index, ecological risk index, and potential ecological risks index). The sediment sample taken by using a sediment grab in Jakarta Bay. Heavy metal content measured by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that the Cu range from 14.79 to 55.36 µg.g−1 with an average of 33.178 µg.g−1, Zn range from 82.05 to 441.91 µg.g−1 with an average of 197.484 µg.g−1 and Ni range from 16.47 to 22.09 µg.g−1 with an average of 19.328 µg.g−1. The mean levels of Zn and Cu were still lower than the threshold value of sediment quality, i.e., 108 µg.g−1 for Cu, 271 µg.g−1 for Zn, while for Ni is higher, ie, 16 µg.g−1. The results of the index analysis showed that the average value of contamination factor (CF) of Cu, Zn, and Ni were 1.614, 2.018, Ni -0.138 respectively (1 < CF < 3, moderate contamination), the average of geo accumulation index values of Cu, Zn, and Ni were -0.136, -1.010, -0.138 ((Igeo < 0, unpolluted) respectively. The average Pollution Load Index value (PLI) is 1.637 (PLI > 1); based on the PLI index, sediments are categorized as polluted by Cu, Zn, and Ni. Based on ecological risk index (Er) and potential ecological risk index (RI), sediment includes low risk ecology (Er < 40) and low potential risk ecology (RI<150).
The performance of coral nursery with rope tree techniques in the moderate sea current environment: Morotai pilot project
Authors: Mukharror D A , Fadli R , Ghiffari F
Published: June 2021

Acknowledged as the famous destination for shark diving tourism, Morotai waters poses increasing coral reef degradation risk in recent years. Coral restoration program is needed to battle the decreasing coral cover in this waters. Instead of garnering the fragment directly from healthy coral reef habitat, which is potentially damaging the healthy coral reef, a coral nursery can be proposed as an alternative method to maintain the pristine environment of coral reef habitat in Morotai waters with future coral restoration programs. Coral rope tree nursery has proven to be effective at achieving growth speed compared to other coral nursery methods as well as high performance to withstand moderate current risk. Performance of a pilot project of coral tree rope nursery in Morotai waters has been studied for more than five months and it shows as promising method for future massive nursery.
Modeling of tide in the Java sea coastal area between Jakarta and Cirebon, Indonesia: bathymetric data source and sensitivity tests due to bottom roughness and boundary condition
Authors: Nuraghnia A , Windupranata W , Hakim A R , Nusantara C A D S , Poerbandono
Published: June 2021

With the on-going construction of deep water port in Patimban area, a more dense marine traffic is expected to occur in the coastal belt between the ports of Jakarta and Cirebon. Precise prediction of tide is inevitably becoming more important in order to maintain safe navigation. The purpose of this work is carrying out a dedicated tidal simulation for the area in question. The presented result contains primarily the selection of bathymetric data for the development of computational domain and sensitivity tests due to bottom roughness and the quantity of elevation points along the model’s open boundaries. For the purpose of constructing computational domain, we assess the suitability of global and national bathymetry data. Data from two water level stations in Sunda Kelapa and Cirebon ports are used to verify the model output, for example surface elevation due to tide. The simulation of tide is carried out using two-dimensional horizontal numerical model facilitated by Delft3D software. Sensitivity tests considering two bottom roughness values and three scenarios of boundary conditions are carried out. It is found that the short-term tidal simulation indicates reasonable agreement against tidal data from Sunda Kelapa and Cirebon stations. It seems that bottom roughness does not provide significant control to the resulting magnitude. We have learned that an optimum number of tidal elevation points along the boundary condition must be set. Despite of the demands in improving the tidal phase, our present results indicate promising milestones toward a precise tidal simulation for the domain in question.
The COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on the absence of diver-shark interaction on blacktip reef shark’s agonistic behavior: Morotai case
Authors: Mukharror D A , Fadli R , Ghiffari F
Published: June 2021

Prior to COVID-19 pandemic, Morotai waters was well known as one of the favorite destination for shark watching tourism in Indonesia. Similar to other animal sighting tourism in Indonesia, shark diving has been hit hard by the pandemic of COVID-19 and has been banned since April 2020. However, the absence of tourist or diver on the shark dive site brings opportunity to investigate the impact of prolonged absence of diver-shark interaction on the blacktip reef shark’s agonistic behavior. The researches on blacktip reef shark’s agonistic behavior were conducted using diver operated video technique in monthly basis from May to October 2020. These data were compared with the previous diver-shark interaction videos from January 2013 to February 2020. Comparison of both pre-COVID-19 pandemic and during COVID-19 pandemic found that the blacktip reef shark’s agonistic behavior toward diver were not affected significantly by the absence of diver.
Usage of land and coastal waters of the outermost small islands for marine tourism in Indonesia
Authors: Nur S S , Saleng A , Maskun
Published: June 2021

Investment in maritime tourism business opens opportunities for the outermost small islands to be explored in appropriate ways. To control the usage of the land, itmust be regulated by various regulations such as the requirements for business licenses, location and management permits, as well as the provision of right to build for use of land and coastal waters, which is important in marine tourism activities. One of the outermost small islands is Kepa Island in Alor District, East Nusa Tenggara, which is controlled by NuhaKepa Kai Limited Liability Company. The focus of this study is to emphasize the status of the land rights of the Kepa Island community, the legality of the control and usage of land and coastal waters for water tourism business by foreigners, and the role of the local government in granting permission and supervision to the foreigners. The research collected primary data through observation and interviews and secondary data through literature studies. The data then analyzed descriptively. The results of the study are the status of community land rights in the Kepa island involves individual land rights certificates; PT NuhaKepa Kai already has location and management permits but has not yet obtained right to build for land; and the issuance of permits and supervision by the local government are still inadequate and have not been coordinated with the relevant agencies.
The concept of an archipelagic Province in Indonesia
Authors: Djunarsjah E , Putra A P
Published: June 2021

Indonesia is an archipelagic state consisting of 17,504 islands connected by the sea. Two-thirds of Indonesia’s area consists of the sea which has natural resource potential that has not been optimally utilized due to the government’s orientation which still prioritizes development on the land. Based on the mandate of Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government and Law Number 1 of 2014 concerning the Zoning Plan for Coastal Areas and Small Islands (RZWP3K), that the boundaries of provincial authority in marine areas are as far as 12 nautical miles from the coastline. Several provinces in Indonesia have archipelagic characteristics, which have a sea area larger than the land. The management in RZWP3K only regulates the area of the sea area based on the provisions as far as 12 miles from the coastline, while the provincial sea area characterized by islands is not yet fully covered by the area of the RZWP3K. Provincial sea regulation cannot be equated with a province without archipelagic characteristics. Therefore, the management of archipelagic province needs to be reviewed using the concept of an archipelago based on the United Nations Convention Law of The Sea III. By implementing the concept of an archipelagic state for Provinces with archipelagic characteristics and following existing laws and regulations, there will be a development of a marine management concept for the archipelagic province. The results of this study are in the form of a provincial marine management concept that can optimize the management of natural resources contained in it.
Coral reef condition at north coastal of Haruku Island Maluku Tengah
Authors: Limmon G V , Manuputty G D
Published: June 2021

This research was conducted in the waters on the north coastal of Haruku Island, in 2018, to analyze the condition of coral reefs in the area. The application of the manta-tow method was used as an initial survey of coral reef ecosystems at three research stations (Pelau, Waimital, and Hulaliu), and then the Point Intercept Transect (PIT) method approach was used to analyze the life form of benthic growth at each location at a depth of 3 and 10 meters. Analysis of the percentage of existing life forms was performed to determine the level of damage to coral reefs. The results showed that the percentage of hard coral cover at a depth of 3 meters for the three locations of Pelau, Waimital, and Hulaliu was 16.33%, 14.67%, and 65.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, the depth of 10 meters is 40.67%, 35%, and 66.67%. The condition of coral reefs at Pelau and Waimital stations at a depth of 3 meters is classified as poor, and at a depth of 10 meters is classified as moderate. Meanwhile, at Hulaliu Station, the condition of coral reefs at both depths was classified as good.
Dynamical versions of Hardy’s uncertainty principle: A survey
Authors: Fernández-Bertolin Aingeru , Malinnikova Eugenia
Published: June 2021

The Hardy uncertainty principle says that no function is better localized together with its Fourier transform than the Gaussian. The textbook proof of the result, as well as one of the original proofs by Hardy, refers to the Phragmén–Lindelöf theorem. In this note we first describe the connection of the Hardy uncertainty to the Schrödinger equation, and give a new proof of Hardy’s result which is based on this connection and the Liouville theorem. The proof is related to the second proof of Hardy, which has been undeservedly forgotten. Then we survey the recent results on dynamical versions of Hardy’s theorem.
Quivers for 𝑆𝐿₂ tilting modules
Authors: Tubbenhauer Daniel , Wedrich Paul
Published: June 2021

Using diagrammatic methods, we define a quiver with relations depending on a prime

p

\mathsf {p}

and show that the associated path algebra describes the category of tilting modules for

S
L

2

\mathrm {SL}_{2}

in characteristic

p

\mathsf {p}

. Along the way we obtain a presentation for morphisms between

p

\mathsf {p}

-Jones–Wenzl projectors.
Myosin dilated cardiomyopathy mutation S532P disrupts actomyosin interactions, leading to altered muscle kinetics, reduced locomotion, and cardiac dilation in Drosophila
Authors: Trujillo Adriana S. , Hsu Karen H. , Puthawala Joy , Viswanathan Meera C. , Loya Amy , Irving Thomas C. , Cammarato Anthony , Swank Douglas M. , Bernstein Sanford I.
Published: June 2021

We explored the mechanism of human myosin–induced dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) using the Drosophila melanogaster model system. We discovered that the S532P myosin DCM mutation reduces the actin-dependent ATPase activity and the actin-binding rate and increases the actin-detachment rate, leading to reduced muscle function and cardiac dilation.
Calcium signaling mediates a biphasic mechanoadaptive response of endothelial cells to cyclic mechanical stretch
Authors: Miroshnikova Yekaterina A. , Manet Sandra , Li Xinping , Wickström Sara A. , Faurobert Eva , Albiges-Rizo Corinne
Published: June 2021

Mechanical forces are key stimuli that dynamically adjust vessel distribution and diameter, but the precise mechanisms of force adaptation are unclear. This study identifies a biphasic response to cyclic stretch, consisting of an initial calcium-driven junctional mechanoresponse followed by mechanoadaptation facilitated by monolayer stiffening.
Perspectives on ageing: a qualitative study of the expectations, priorities, needs and values of older people from two Canadian provinces
Authors: Savage Rachel D , Hardacre Kate , Bashi Aya Mahder , Bronskill Susan E , Faulkner Colin , Grieve Jim , Gruneir Andrea , McCarthy Lisa M , Chamberlain Stephanie A , Lam Kenneth , Stall Nathan M , Zhu Lynn , Rochon Paula A
Published: June 2021

Background

Understanding the needs and values of older people is vital to build responsive policies, services and research agendas in this time of demographic transition. Older peoples’ expectations and priorities for ageing, as well as their beliefs regarding challenges facing ageing societies, are multi-faceted and require regular updates as populations’ age.

Objective

To develop an understanding of self-perceptions of ageing and societal ageing among Canadian retirees of the education sector to define a meaningful health research agenda.

Methods

We conducted four qualitative focus groups among 27 members of a Canadian retired educators’ organisation. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach.

Results

We identified four overarching themes: (1) vulnerability to health challenges despite a healthier generation, (2) maintaining health and social connection for optimal ageing, (3) strengthening person-centred healthcare for ageing societies and (4) mobilising a critical mass to enact change. Participants’ preconceptions of ageing differed from their personal experiences. They prioritised maintaining health and social connections and felt that current healthcare practices disempowered them to manage and optimise their health. Although the sheer size of their demographic instilled optimism of their potential to garner positive change, participants felt they lacked mechanisms to contribute to developing solutions to address this transition.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest a need for health research that improves perceptions of ageing and supports health system transformations to deliver person-centred care. Opportunities exist to harness their activism to engage older people as partners in shaping solution-oriented research that can support planning for an ageing society.
E-Pedigrees: a large-scale automatic family pedigree prediction application
Authors: Huang Xiayuan , Tatonetti Nicholas , LaRow Katie , Delgoffee Brooke , Mayer John , Page David , Hebbring Scott J
Published: June 2021

Motivation

The use and functionality of Electronic Health Records (EHR) have increased rapidly in the past few decades. EHRs are becoming an important depository of patient health information and can capture family data. Pedigree analysis is a longstanding and powerful approach that can gain insight into the underlying genetic and environmental factors in human health, but traditional approaches to identifying and recruiting families are low-throughput and labor-intensive. Therefore, high-throughput methods to automatically construct family pedigrees are needed.

Results

We developed a stand-alone application: Electronic Pedigrees, or E-Pedigrees, which combines two validated family prediction algorithms into a single software package for high throughput pedigrees construction. The convenient platform considers patients’ basic demographic information and/or emergency contact data to infer high-accuracy parent–child relationship. Importantly, E-Pedigrees allows users to layer in additional pedigree data when available and provides options for applying different logical rules to improve accuracy of inferred family relationships. This software is fast and easy to use, is compatible with different EHR data sources, and its output is a standard PED file appropriate for multiple downstream analyses.

Availability and implementation

The Python 3.3+ version E-Pedigrees application is freely available on: https://github.com/xiayuan-huang/E-pedigrees.
Access to Justice in Clientelist Networks
Authors: Shami Mahvish
Published: June 2021

Despite its importance for poverty reduction, the poor face barriers when accessing justice. However, the literature, looking mostly at developed countries, focuses on the institutional underpinnings of these restrictions, and thus ignores social structural barriers. This paper deals with one type of social barrier; clientelism and its impact on poor clients’ access to justice. I argue that asymmetric power distribution enables patrons to bar clients from accessing formal institutions. Such barriers can’t be rectified through institutional reforms. Making use of an original dataset from Pakistan this paper recommends an unorthodox policy solution; increasing connectivity. I demonstrate how exit options, brought about through connectivity, alter bargaining powers, thereby limiting patrons’ ability to block clients from accessing formal justice institutions.
Comment on: Safety and efficacy of low pressure pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic colorectal surgery
Authors: Slim K , Joris J
Published: June 2021

Feasibility of low-pressure pneumoperitoneum is feasible in expert hand. Its efficacy within enhanced recovery programmes and its safety need to be demonstrated in future studies
Incidence and Characteristics of Delayed Injection Site Reaction to the mRNA-1273 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vaccine (Moderna) in a Cohort of Hospital Employees
Authors: Jacobson Mark A , Zakaria Adam , Maung Zaw , Hart Colin , McCalmont Timothy H , Fassett Marlys , Amerson Erin
Published: June 2021

Background

mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are administered to 2 million individuals per day in the United States under US Food and Drug Administration emergency use authorization.

Methods

Observational cohort study of hospital employees who received their first SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination between 14 December 2020 and 8 January 2021, including employees who reported onset of an injection site reaction ≥48 hours after administration of their first or second dose to an employee hotline.

Results

Thirteen female employees who received the mRNA-1273 vaccine (Moderna) during the first 3 weeks of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine rollout at San Francisco General Hospital reported a pruritic rash at the injection site appearing 3 -9 days after receipt of their initial dose. Five had milder or similar reactions with earlier onset after the second dose. One additional female employee reported this delayed reaction only after the second dose. None reported serious adverse events or had symptoms severe enough to seek medical attention. These cases represented 1.1% of the 1275 female employees who received their first mRNA-1273 dose and 2.0% of the 557 who were aged 31 -45 years during this initial vaccine rollout. None of 675 males who initiated mRNA-1273 or 3612 employees of any sex who initiated BNT162b (Pfizer) vaccination during this period reported delayed-onset reactions.

Conclusions

These results suggest that delayed-onset, injection site pruritic rashes after mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration, lasting up to 1 week, occur commonly in females, do not lead to serious sequela, and should not deter receipt of the second vaccine dose.
Impact of Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction on Rotavirus Hospitalizations Among Children Under 5 Years of Age—World Health Organization African Region, 2008–2018
Authors: Mwenda Jason M , Hallowell Benjamin D , Parashar Umesh , Shaba Keith , Biey Joseph Nsiari-Muzeyi , Weldegebriel Goitom Gebremedhin , Paluku Gilson Kipese , Ntsama Bernard , N’diaye Aboubacar , Bello Isah Mohammed , Bwaka Ado Mpia , Zawaira Felicitas R , Mihigo Richard , Tate Jacqueline E
Published: June 2021

Background

Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) among children worldwide. Prior to rotavirus vaccine introduction, over one third of AGE hospitalizations in Africa were due to rotavirus. We describe the impact of rotavirus vaccines using data from the African Rotavirus Surveillance Network (ARSN).

Methods

For descriptive analysis, we included all sites reporting to ARSN for any length of time between 2008 and 2018. For vaccine impact analysis, continuous surveillance throughout the year was required to minimize potential bias due to enrollment of partial seasons and sites had to report a minimum of 100 AGE cases per year. We report the proportion of rotavirus AGE cases by year relative to vaccine introduction, and the relative reduction in the proportion of rotavirus AGE cases reported following vaccine introduction.

Results

From 2008 to 2018, 97 366 prospectively enrolled hospitalized children <5 years of age met the case definition for AGE, and 34.1% tested positive for rotavirus. Among countries that had introduced rotavirus vaccine, the proportion of hospitalized AGE cases positive for rotavirus declined from 39.2% in the prevaccine period to 25.3% in the postvaccine period, a 35.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 33.7–37.3) decline. No declines were observed among countries that had not introduced the vaccine over the 11-year period.

Conclusions

Rotavirus vaccine introduction led to large and consistent declines in the proportion of hospitalized AGE cases that are positive for rotavirus. To maximize the public health benefit of these vaccines, efforts to introduce rotavirus vaccines in the remaining countries in the region and to improve coverage should continue.
Single-cell transcriptomic analyses of cardiac immune cells reveal that Rel-driven CD72-positive macrophages induce cardiomyocyte injury
Authors: Ni Shi-Hao , Xu Jin-Dong , Sun Shu-Ning , Li Yue , Zhou Zheng , Li Huan , Liu Xin , Deng Jian-Ping , Huang Yu-Sheng , Chen Zi-Xin , Feng Wen-Jun , Wang Jia-Jia , Xian Shao-Xiang , Yang Zhong-Qi , Wang Sheng , Wang Ling-Jun , Lu Lu
Published: June 2021

Aims 

The goal of our study was to investigate the heterogeneity of cardiac macrophages (CMφs) in mice with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) via single-cell sequencing and identify a subset of macrophages associated with heart injury.

Methods and results 

We selected all CMφs from CD45+ cells using single-cell mRNA sequencing data. Through dimension reduction, clustering, and enrichment analyses, CD72hi CMφs were identified as a subset of pro-inflammatory macrophages. The pseudo-time trajectory and ChIP-Seq analyses identified Rel as the key transcription factor that induces CD72hi CMφ differentiation. Rel KD and Rel−/− bone marrow chimaera mice subjected to TAC showed features of mitigated cardiac injury, including decreased levels of cytokines and ROS, which prohibited cardiomyocyte death. The transfer of adoptive Rel-overexpressing monocytes and CD72hi CMφ injection directly aggravated heart injury in the TAC model. The CD72hi macrophages also exerted pro-inflammatory and cardiac injury effects associated with myocardial infarction. In humans, patients with heart failure exhibit increased CD72hi CMφ levels following dilated cardiomyopathy and ischaemic cardiomyopathy.

Conclusion 

Bone marrow-derived, Rel-mediated CD72hi macrophages play a pro-inflammatory role, induce cardiac injury and, thus, may serve as a therapeutic target for multiple cardiovascular diseases.
Triaging acute pulmonary embolism for home treatment by Hestia or simplified PESI criteria: the HOME-PE randomized trial
Authors: Roy Pierre-Marie , Penaloza Andrea , Hugli Olivier , Klok Frederikus A , Arnoux Armelle , Elias Antoine , Couturaud Francis , Joly Luc-Marie , Lopez Raphaëlle , Faber Laura M , Daoud-Elias Marie , Planquette Benjamin , Bokobza Jérôme , Viglino Damien , Schmidt Jeannot , Juchet Henry , Mahe Isabelle , Mulder Frits , Bartiaux Magali , Cren Rosen , Moumneh Thomas , Quere Isabelle , Falvo Nicolas , Montaclair Karine , Douillet Delphine , Steinier Charlotte , Hendriks Stephan V , Benhamou Ygal , Szwebel Tali-Anne , Pernod Gilles , Dublanchet Nicolas , Lapebie François-Xavier , Javaud Nicolas , Ghuysen Alexandre , Sebbane Mustapha , Chatellier Gilles , Meyer Guy , Jimenez David , Huisman Menno V , Sanchez Olivier ,   for the HOME-PE Study Group
Published: June 2021

Aims

The aim of this study is to compare the Hestia rule vs. the simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI) for triaging patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) for home treatment.

Methods and results

Normotensive patients with PE of 26 hospitals from France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Switzerland were randomized to either triaging with Hestia or sPESI. They were designated for home treatment if the triaging tool was negative and if the physician-in-charge, taking into account the patient’s opinion, did not consider that hospitalization was required. The main outcomes were the 30-day composite of recurrent venous thrombo-embolism, major bleeding or all-cause death (non-inferiority analysis with 2.5% absolute risk difference as margin), and the rate of patients discharged home within 24 h after randomization (NCT02811237). From January 2017 through July 2019, 1975 patients were included. In the per-protocol population, the primary outcome occurred in 3.82% (34/891) in the Hestia arm and 3.57% (32/896) in the sPESI arm (P = 0.004 for non-inferiority). In the intention-to-treat population, 38.4% of the Hestia patients (378/984) were treated at home vs. 36.6% (361/986) of the sPESI patients (P = 0.41 for superiority), with a 30-day composite outcome rate of 1.33% (5/375) and 1.11% (4/359), respectively. No recurrent or fatal PE occurred in either home treatment arm.

Conclusions

For triaging PE patients, the strategy based on the Hestia rule and the strategy based on sPESI had similar safety and effectiveness. With either tool complemented by the overruling of the physician-in-charge, more than a third of patients were treated at home with a low incidence of complications.
Tracking Egocentric Social Network Change Across Three Rounds of National Survey Data
Authors: Cornwell Benjamin , Schumm L Philip , Laumann Edward O , Goldman Alyssa W , Compernolle Ellen L
Published: June 2021

Background

The National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) has collected 3 rounds of data on older adults’ egocentric social networks. We describe the structure of network data collection for different components of the sample and the data that are available for those groups. We also describe survey techniques that were used to track specific personnel changes that occurred within respondents’ networks during the 10-year study period.

Method

Descriptive statistics are presented for measures of network size, composition, and internal structure at all 3 rounds, respondent-level summary measures of change in these characteristics between and across rounds, and measures of change associated with the loss and addition of network members across Rounds 1, 2, and 3. Procedures that were used to clean the network change data are also explained.

Results

The NSHAP network change module provides reliable information about specific changes that occurred within respondents’ confidant networks. For returning baseline respondents, there is considerable overlap with respect to which confidants are named in successive rosters, but the norm is for Round 3 networks to be composed primarily of new confidants.

Discussion

These data provide new insights into the dynamic nature of networks in later life. Data limitations, and directions for future research, are discussed.
Green's function at depth of borehole observation required for precise estimation of the effect of ocean tidal loading near coasts
Authors: Kamigaichi Osamu , Matsumoto Norio , Hirose Fuyuki
Published: June 2021

We calculated Green's functions of displacements and strains caused by a surface load in surface and subsurface observations. Green's functions of displacements and strains at depth became different from those at the surface for a range of angular distances less than 0.01–0.1°. These Green's functions closely agree with the corresponding Boussinesq approximations for tidal loading at angular distances of less than about 0.01–0.001°. We examined the difference between the ocean tidal loading effect estimated by Green's functions at the surface and the effect for subsurface observations, and found a non-negligible difference when the ratio of distance between the coast and observatory to the deployment depth is smaller than 20. We compared amplitudes and phase shifts of areal and shear strains in the M2 tidal constituent observed by borehole strainmeters at 11 observatories with the theoretical strains using the Green's functions at the deployment depth and those at the surface. The theoretical strains using Green's function at the deployment depth are much closer to the observed strains than theoretical strains at the surface at four observatories where the ratios of distance from the coast to the observatories to the deployment depth are small. These results suggest that Green's functions at the deployment depth are needed to estimate theoretical strains precisely near the coast.
Functional and behavioral effects of de novo mutations in calcium-related genes in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Nakamura Takumi , Nakajima Kazuo , Kobayashi Yuki , Itohara Shigeyoshi , Kasahara Takaoki , Tsuboi Takashi , Kato Tadafumi
Published: June 2021

Bipolar disorder is a common mental illness occurring in approximately 1% of individuals and requires lifelong treatment. Although genetic factors are known to contribute to this disorder, the genetic architecture has not yet been completely clarified. Our initial trio-based exome sequencing study of bipolar disorder showed enrichment of de novo, loss-of-function (LOF) or protein-altering mutations in a combined group with bipolar I and schizoaffective disorders, and the identified de novo mutations were enriched in calcium-related genes. These findings suggested a role for de novo mutations in bipolar disorder. The validity of these statistical associations will be strengthened if the functional impact of the mutations on cellular function and behavior are identified. In this study, we focused on two de novo LOF mutations in calcium-related genes, EHD1 and MACF1, found in patients with bipolar disorder. We first showed that the EHD1 mutation resulted in a truncated protein with diminished effect on neurite outgrowth and inhibited endocytosis. Next, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to establish two knock-in mouse lines to model the in vivo effects of these mutations. We performed behavioral screening using IntelliCage and long-term wheel running analysis. Ehd1 mutant mice showed higher activity in the light phase. Macf1 mutant mice showed diminished attention and persistence to rewards. These behavioral alterations were similar to the phenotypes in previously proposed animal models of bipolar disorder. These findings endorse the possible role of de novo mutations as a component of the genetic architecture of bipolar disorder, which was suggested by the statistical evidence.
Face Numbers of Uniform Triangulations of Simplicial Complexes
Authors: Athanasiadis Christos A
Published: June 2021

A triangulation of a simplicial complex $\Delta $ is said to be uniform if the $f$-vector of its restriction to a face of $\Delta $ depends only on the dimension of that face. This paper proves that the entries of the $h$-vector of a uniform triangulation of $\Delta $ can be expressed as nonnegative integer linear combinations of those of the $h$-vector of $\Delta $, where the coefficients depend only on the dimension of $\Delta $ and the $f$-vectors of the restrictions of the triangulation to simplices of various dimensions. Furthermore, it provides information about these coefficients, including formulas, recurrence relations, and various interpretations, and gives a criterion for the $h$-polynomial of a uniform triangulation to be real rooted. These results unify and generalize several results in the literature about special types of triangulations, such as barycentric, edgewise and interval subdivisions.
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in New York City Adults, June–October 2020: A Population-Based Survey
Authors: Parrott Jannae C , Maleki Ariana N , Vassor Valerie E , Osahan Sukhminder , Hsin Yusyin , Sanderson Michael , Fernandez Steven , Levanon Seligson Amber , Hughes Scott , Wu Jing , DeVito Andrea K , LaVoie Stephen P , Rakeman Jennifer L , Gould L Hannah , Alroy Karen A
Published: June 2021

Background

Serosurveys help to ascertain burden of infection. Prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serosurveys in New York City (NYC) used nonrandom samples. During June–October 2020, the NYC Health Department conducted a population-based survey estimating SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in NYC adults.

Methods

Participants were recruited from the NYC 2020 Community Health Survey. We estimated citywide and stratified antibody prevalence using a hybrid design: serum tested with the DiaSorin LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG assay and self-reported antibody test results were used together. We estimated univariate frequencies and 95% confidence intervals (CI), accounting for complex survey design. Two-sided P values ≤ .05 were statistically significant.

Results

There were 1074 respondents; 497 provided blood and 577 provided only a self-reported antibody test result. Weighted prevalence was 24.3% overall (95% CI, 20.7%–28.3%). Latino (30.7%; 95% CI, 24.1%–38.2%; P < .01) and black (30.7%; 95% CI, 21.9%–41.2%; P = .02) respondents had a higher weighted prevalence compared with white respondents (17.4%; 95% CI, 12.5%–23.7%).

Conclusions

By October 2020, nearly 1 in 3 black and 1 in 3 Latino NYC adults had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, highlighting unequal impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on black and Latino NYC adults.
Accounting for Imported Cases in Estimating the Time-Varying Reproductive Number of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Hong Kong
Authors: Tsang Tim K , Wu Peng , Lau Eric H Y , Cowling Benjamin J
Published: June 2021

Estimating the time-varying reproductive number, Rt, is critical for monitoring transmissibility of an infectious disease. The impact of imported cases on the estimation is rarely explored. We developed a model to estimate separately the Rt for local cases and imported cases, accounting for imperfect contact tracing of cases. We applied this framework to data on coronavirus disease 2019 outbreaks in Hong Kong. The estimated Rt for local cases rose above 1 in late March 2020, which was undetected by other commonly used methods. When imported cases account for a considerable proportion of all cases, their impact on estimating Rt is critical.
To H0 or not to H0?
Authors: Efstathiou George
Published: June 2021

This paper investigates whether changes to late-time physics can resolve the ‘Hubble tension’. It is argued that many of the claims in the literature favouring such solutions are caused by a misunderstanding of how distance ladder measurements actually work and, in particular, by the inappropriate use of a distance ladder H0 prior. A dynamics-free inverse distance ladder shows that changes to late-time physics are strongly constrained observationally and cannot resolve the discrepancy between the SH0ES data and the base ΛCDM cosmology inferred from Planck. We propose a statistically rigorous scheme to replace the use of H0 priors.
Constraining accretion efficiency in massive binary stars with LIGO –Virgo black holes
Authors: Bouffanais Yann , Mapelli Michela , Santoliquido Filippo , Giacobbo Nicola , Iorio Giuliano , Costa Guglielmo
Published: June 2021

The growing sample of LIGO–Virgo black holes (BHs) opens new perspectives for the study of massive binary evolution. Here, we study the impact of mass accretion efficiency and common envelope on the properties of binary BH (BBH) mergers, by means of population synthesis simulations. We model mass accretion efficiency with the parameter fMT ∈ [0.05, 1], which represents the fraction of mass lost from the donor which is effectively accreted by the companion. Lower values of fMT result in lower BBH merger rate densities and produce mass spectra skewed towards lower BH masses. Our hierarchical Bayesian analysis, applied to BBH mergers in the first and second gravitational-wave transient catalogue, yields zero support for values of fMT ≲ 0.6, with a lower boundary of the 99 per cent credible intervals equal to fMT = 0.59. This result holds for all the values of the common-envelope efficiency parameter we considered in this study αCE ∈ [1, 10]. This confirms that gravitational-wave data can be used to put constraints on several uncertain binary evolution processes.
An infrared study of Galactic OH/IR stars – III. Variability properties of the Arecibo sample
Authors: Jiménez-Esteban F M , Engels D , Aguado D S , González J B , García-Lario P
Published: June 2021

We present the results of a near-infrared (NIR) monitoring programme carried out between 1999 and 2005 to determine the variability properties of the ‘Arecibo sample of OH/IR stars’. The sample consists of 385 IRAS-selected Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) candidates, for which their O-rich chemistry has been proven by the detection of 1612 MHz OH maser emission. The monitoring data were complemented by data collected from public optical and NIR surveys. We fitted the light curves obtained in the optical and NIR bands with a model using an asymmetric cosine function, and derived a period for 345 sources (∼90 per cent of the sample). Based on their variability properties, most of the Arecibo sources are classified as long-period large-amplitude variable (LPLAV) stars, 4 per cent as (candidate) post-AGB stars, and 3 per cent remain unclassified although they are likely post-AGB stars or highly obscured AGB stars. The period distribution of the LPLAVs peaks at ∼400 d, with periods between 300 and 800 d for most of the sources, and has a long tail up to ∼2100 d. Typically, the amplitudes are between 1 and 3 mag in the NIR and between 2 and 6 mag in the optical. We find correlations between periods and amplitudes, with larger amplitudes associated with longer periods, as well as between the period and the infrared colours, with the longer periods linked to the redder sources. Among the post-AGB stars, the light curve of IRAS 19566+3423 was exceptional, showing a large systematic increase (>0.4 mag yr−1) in K-band brightness over 7 yr.