bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIARA BAHAL DAN BIARA SIPAMUTUNG, PENINGGALAN KEPURBAKALAAN MASA KLASIK INDONESIA DI KAWASAN PADANGLAWAS, SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Koestoro Lucas Partanda
Published: June 2020

Di kawasan Padanglawas, Sumatera Utara banyak peninggalan dari masa klasik Indonesia. Dua di antaranya adalah Biara Bahal dan Biara Sipamutung. Penelitian tentang keberadaannya telah dilakukan sejak masa pemerintahan Hindia Belanda dan pada masa sesudah kemerdekaan Indonesia. Kemudian, penelitian dilakukan  lebih intensif sebagai upaya pemugaran dan pelestarian objek kepurbakalaan di kawasan ini. Hasilnya memperlihatkan pengenalan akan masa pendirian dan penggunaannya, latar belakang keagamaan yang melatarbelakangi pembangunannya, serta kaitannya dengan aktivitas perdagangan yang memanfaatkan aliran sungai yang bermuara ke Selat Malaka.
SISTEM PENGUBURAN AKHIR JAMAN PRASEJARAH DI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Duli Akin
Published: June 2020

This paper described the forms of prehistoric burials in South Sulawesi. Results of this study indicate that there are different forms of burial has been known since the Neolithic period to ethnography period. Burial forms such as direct burial without the use of container, burial directly or indirectly by using containers. Vehicle used as a rock (stone coffin, gravel pit, stone carving), wood (erong, duni, allung, passilliran), ceramics (balubu, bowl, jar), or simply wrapped with a cloth or mat. Grave orientation is generally east-west or toward the sacred mountain, in accordance with their beliefs. Accompanied by a burial tomb various provisions, such as ceramics, objects of metal (gold, copper and bronze), beads and bracelets. Patterned pre-Islamic burial system is still life in certain communities, for example various forms tomb in Tana Toraja.
HUNIAN PRASEJARAH DI SOMBORI, PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH
Authors: Azis Nasrullah
Published: June 2020

Morowali adalah sebuah kabupaten dalam wilayah Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah yang sekarang mekar menjadi dua kabupaten yaitu Kabupaten Morowali dan Kabupaten Morowali Utara. Dari penelitian arkeologi sebelumnya, didapatkan data bahwa kabupaten ini kaya akan tinggalan arkeologi khususnya dari masa prasejarah yang berupa gua-gua hunian serta penguburan. Namun semua tinggalan tersebut terdapat di Morowali daratan. Selain di Morowali daratan, terdapat pula tinggalan arkeologi utamanya gua-gua hunian prasejarah di pulau-pulau dan pesisir wilayah Morowali. Dari hasil survei diketahui bahwa di pesisir Morowali tepatnya di Kec. Menui Kepulauan terdapat beberapa gua hunian prasejarah serta hunian terbuka di tepi pantai. Berdasarkan temuan hasil survei dan ekskavasi terlihat bahwa kerang yang melimpah di pantai merupakan bahan makanan yang dominan dikonsumsi. Dari survei dan ekskavasi awal terlihat pula bahwa penggunaan alat litik tidak begitu dominan digunakan, kemungkinan mereka menggunakan alat selain batu misalnya kerang dan tulang hewan.
PERMUKIMAN MASA PRASEJARAH DI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Fahriani Ipak
Published: June 2020

Sulawesi Utara merupakan salah satu wilayah dengan potensi tinggalan situs permukiman yang cukup beragam, sehingga menarik untuk dikaji dan diteliti, terutama berbagai aktifitas yang pernah hadir di wilayah ini pada masa lampau. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengemukakan potensi sebaran situs permukiman yang ada di wilayah Sulawesi utara, sehingga dapat diketahui pola permukiman pada masa lampau, terutama pada masa berburu dan mengumpulkan makanan serta masa bercocok tanam serta masa megalit di Sulawesi Utara. Dari hasil penelitian survei dan ekskavasi Balai Arkeologi Sulawesi Utara, berhasil diketahui dan diidentifikasi beberapa situs permukiman di Sulawesi Utara. Analisis spesifik, kontekstual, fungsional serta analisis keruangan menghasilkan beberapa katagori situs di wilayah ini, yang bersifat penguburan dan pemujaan, perbengkelan, dan hunian. Kesimpulannya adalah sebaran situs permukiman yang ada di wilayah Sulawesi Utara cukup berpotensi untuk diteliti lebih lanjut sebagai salah satu kajian permukiman situs prasejarah yang ada di Indonesia secara umum dan Sulawesi pada khususnya.
INFLITRASI NILAI KEMUHAMMADIYAHAN PADA STRUKTUR KAWASAN DAN DESAIN BANGUNAN KOTA DI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: NUR KHILDA WILDANA
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini menjabarkan eksistensi nilai Kemuhammadiyahan yang mempengaruhi aspek fisik dan non fisik kawasan kota, baik dalam bentuk tata ruang (spatial) maupun pada bangunan kepemilikan Muhammadiyah. Substansi penelitian diharapkan dapat membuka cakrawala dan pemikiran bahwa keterkaitan masa lalu dalam ajaran murni Islam yang telah berkembang sebelum era perancangan kota dan arsitektur modern. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sejarah dan fenomenologi dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif-eksploratif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dari data primer, data sekunder dimana pengambilan populasi melalui purposive sampling dan random sampling. Metode analisa yang digunakan antara lain metode fenomenologi dan sejarah dengan teknik sikronik dan diakronik reading serta memadukan metode urban morfologi dan tipologi. Kajian ini akan memberikan aplikasi penciptaan lingkungan yang terbangun berdasarkan pengamalan amal makruf nahi mungkar yang menjadi tujuan pendirian Muhammadiyah. Kata kunci: Bangunan, Kawasan, Mamminasata, Muhammadiyah, Tipologi ABSTRACT. This study describes the existence of the value of Kemuhammadiyahan which affects the physical and non-physical aspects of the city area, both in spatial form and in the ownership of Muhammadiyah’s buildings. The substance of research is expected to be able to open knowledge and thoughts that the past linkages in the pure understanding of Islam which have developed before the era of urban design and modern architecture. This study uses a historical and phenomenological approach with a type of qualitative-explorative research. Data collection techniques were carried out from primary data, secondary data where the population was collected through purposive sampling and random sampling. The analytical methods used phenomenology and history methods with synchronous and diachronic reading techniques and integrating urban morphology and typology methods. This study will provide an application for the creation of an environment that is built based on the practice of charitable and moral merit which is the aim of the establishment of Muhammadiyah. Keywords: Buildings, Regions, Mamminasata, Muhammadiyah, Typology
SELF PERCEPTIONS OF STUDENTS’ HUMANITIES-BASED SKILLS IN AN ENGINEERING PROGRAM: OVERVIEW OF A LONGITUDINAL STUDY’S FIRST TWO YEARS (2017-2019)
Authors: Patterson Laura
Published: June 2020

This paper is a continuation of research from a previous paper presented to CEEA on a three-year longitudinal study aimed at assessing engineering accreditation non-technical skills at a medium sized engineering school at a large research university.  The goal of this longitudinal study is to improve the assessment of these non-technical graduate attributes and test a metric to do so.  The Likert-style survey focuses on engineering students self-perceptions of teamwork, communication skills, engineering ethics, professionalism, and lifelong learning in order to gather quantitative data that can be analyzed for trends. Self-perceptions are the focus of this study because student self-efficacy has been found to be correlated with student success over the long term. The study has been conducted through pre-and post-surveys testing whether engineering students’ self-assessment of their abilities in those areas increased or decreased from year to year.  Currently, the longitudinal study has only just completed data collection for its final year of the three-year study, so the focus of this paper will be adding the results of the second year to the first, which were presented to CEEA last year. This paper analyzes the data gathered in the second year of the longitudinal study and continue the analysis of those results to explore what they can offer to our understanding of non-technical engineering graduate attributes. These findings are not meant to replace other initiatives, but to offer another metric to examine the effectiveness of engineering programs and meeting non-technical accreditation requirements.
قیاس تاثير ودائع المصارف التجارية على الائتمان المصرفي في العراق للمدة 2004-2019
Authors: Shalal Mohanad A. , Tahir Gohdar M. , Yousif Akram S.
Published: June 2020

تعد الودائع بانواعها المختلفة اداة مهمة لدى المصارف تؤمن لها اداء افضل للجزء الاهم من وظيفتها المتمثلة بقبول الودائع ومنح الائتمان ، ومن خلال العديد من الدراسات حول العالم ثبت ان هناك علاقة تاثير تتجه من الودائع الى الائتمان على اعتبار ان الودائع تساهم في تعزيز موارد البنوك وتمنحها قدرة اكبر على التوسع في منح الائتمان ، وهذا البحث حاول تحديد مدى انطباق هذا الوضع في العراق من خلال قياس تاثير التغير في اجمالي ودائع البنوك التجارية على اجمالي الائتمان لديها واعتمد البحث على سلسلة زمنية للمتغيرات امتدت للمدة 2004-2019 تم من خلالها قياس التاثير طويل الاجل بين المتغيرين ، ومن ثم تم الانتقال الى قياس الاثر في الاجلين المتوسط والقصيرمن خلال انتخاب مدتين ببيانات شهرية لهذا الغرض ، وتوصل البحث الى استنتاج اساسي مفاده ان ودائع البنوك التجارية في العراق لم تمارس تاثيرا يذكر على الائتمان لديها في الاجال الثلاثة وذلك بسبب التشوه الذي يشوب العلاقات بين المتغيرات الاقتصادية في البلد والمنطلق من مسببات اقتصادية وسياسية ومؤسساتية .
Evaluating Expression of Gene Encoding Flavonol Synthase in Green TrungDu and Purple TrungDu by Real time PCR and HPLC Technique
Authors: Thu Yen Hoang Thi , Linh Nguyen Thuy , Hue Huynh Thi Thu , Dang Nguyen Hai
Published: June 2020

In plants, flavonol synthase (FLS) is a multifunctional enzyme that converts dihydroflavonol into flavonols and naringenin into dihydrokaempferol. FLS from tea has been shown to metabolize dihydroquercetin to quercetin. In this study, we conducted studying on the relationship between quercetin content and the expression level of FLS in two traditional tea cultivars of Vietnam, TrungDuxanh and TrungDutim tea grown in tea garden of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry. Tea shoots with one apical bud and two to three young leaves using as research materials which collected in September 2017. The using of HPLC technique did not detect the quercetin content from the these tea samples. The preliminary results of quantification of FLS gene expression by real time PCR showed the expression level of FLS in green Trung Du tea is higher than purple Trung Du, although the difference is not great. Thus, at the time of collecting, the expression of FLS in green Trung Du and purple Trung Du can not synthesize quercetin but synthesize other flavonols.
Antioxidant supplementation during in vitro maturation
Authors: Kusumaningrum Amalia Ratna
Published: June 2020

During in vitro maturation (IVM), oocytes are exposed to different situations from in vivo which may cause oxidative stress. Supplementation of antioxidants to the culture media is effective in as antioxidant defences against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidant is safe, it has some side effects. This is reviewed in this paper. Studies reported, supplementation antioxidant with different dose showed different effects. Double-edged eﬀects of exogenous antioxidants on cellular responses during in vitro maturation depending potentially on their concentrations. Physiologic doses leading to beneficial eﬀects whereas high doses may result in harmful eﬀects.
Relationship Between Knowledge of Contraception Acceptors with Sede Effects of the Three Month Injection Family Planning in Kambesko Health Center 2017
Authors: Rismawanti Venny
Published: June 2020

Countries Indonesia in 2015 is the country with the number of residents of the largest fourth in the world after China, India and the United States with the number of people reaching 255 461 686 inhabitants. In the year 2018, the number of population of Indonesia is growing rapidly to reach the number 365 015 313 inhabitants and the explosion of the population have led to burden the country is getting increased.Objective: To determine the relationship between knowledge of family planning acceptors and side effects of 3-month family planning injection in the Kambesko Community Health Center 2017.Method: This was analytic study with consecutive sampling technique.Results: The results of this study conducted at the Kambesko Health Center were obtained from 85 sample stating that the knowledge of family planning acceptors about the side effects of 3-month family planning injections divided into 2 categories, which are : good 21 people (25%), limited 64 people (75%), and those who experienced side effects of 60 people (71%), and who did not experience side effects of 25 people (29%).Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a relationship between the knowledge of family planning acceptors and the side effects of 3-month family planning injection at the Kambesko Health Center in 2017 with a p value (0.04).
Topical issues of the improvement of the procedure of registration and counting of restrictive, coercive and disciplinary measures and punishments
Authors: Nagornov Kirill Igorevich
Published: June 2020

The author considers the issue of the necessity and feasibility of regulating the procedure of counting a restrictive measure as a court-imposed disciplinary punishment, counting the served disciplinary term as a term of punishment, and counting the served term as a disciplinary measure. The research subject is the particular provisions of the current legislation regulating the institution of coercive measures and the judicial practice of imposition of restrictive and disciplinary measures on minors, and particular provisions of foreign legislation regulating this sphere. The research methodology is based on the combination of methods of scientific cognition, including the comparative-legal, formal-legal, and statistical methods, and the methods of logic analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and generalization. The author suggests amending chapter 14 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with a provision regulating the procedure of registration and counting of a restrictive measure when imposing a disciplinary measure, and the term of a served part of the disciplinary measure when defining the term of punishment, and the formal criteria of transforming the imposed punishment into a coercive measure.   
The analysis of case law related to implementation of international agreements in the area of environmental protection in Baikal Region
Authors: Kolobov Roman , Makritskaya Elena
Published: June 2020

This article analyzes case law on implementation of the norms of international environmental agreements by the federal court of Irkutsk Region, Republic of Buryatia and Zabaykalsky Krai. The goal of this research is to determine the trends of application of international law regimes by the courts. The selected court rulings cover the period from 2017 to 2020. The authors came to the conclusion that the courts typically apply the provisions of the adopted in 1972 Convention on Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage. Most commonly used context of its implementation lies in determination of Baykal’s boundaries as the object of world heritage for the purpose of restricting land transferability. Such trend demonstrates strictly prohibitive character of perception of the Convention by law enforcement practice. At the same time, the system of protection of world heritage contains an extensive toolset for solution of environmental and socioeconomic tasks on the objects of world heritage. Practice of implementation of Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) and Ramsar Convention (1971) is quite inconsiderable, which is the authors explain by the goals and tasks of these international agreements. Implementation of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is predictably reduced to introduction of its provisions that determine the protected biological types. The research results can be used in assessing the efficiency of the regimes of international law with regards to protection of Lake Baikal.
Authoritarianism, Social Dominance, and Contesting Human Rights in Latin America
Authors: Krause Krystin
Published: June 2020

This article examines support for the restriction of human rights in Latin America, arguing that rising crime rates and personal experience with crime are only part of the story. Despite an emphasis on the protection of human rights in the aftermath of military regimes and civil war in Latin America, some citizens contest the defense of these rights across the region. Arguing that protecting human rights only keeps criminals out of jail, these citizens support policies and crime control measures that violate the rights of criminal suspects and other marginalized groups. Using public opinion data, this article demonstrates a relationship between individuals’ worldviews and their attitudes toward the human rights abuses committed against criminal suspects.
Factors affecting “preparedness for practice” among newly graduated dentists – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohan Malu , Ravindran T. K. Sundari
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

Consequent to the drastic growth that has occurred over the past few decades in the dental education sector, dental profession in India, has also undergone changes. Hence, it is critical to inquire whether the current training that is being offered to dental students is successful in preparing them adequately to meet the challenges of the changing dental profession. We have aimed to assess the level of preparedness for independent dental practice among newly graduated dentists of Kerala and to explore the factors associated with their preparedness.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional survey was conducted among a random sample of 400 recently graduated dentists from Kerala. We developed and validated a self-administered scale named Preparedness for Practice among Dental Graduates-Scale, PPDG-S, to assess the level of preparedness. The overall preparedness scores were categorized based on the median value of the total score (87) – score less than or equal to the median was considered “low preparedness” (0–87) and score greater than the median (>87) was considered “high preparedness.” The difference in proportion between high and low prepared participants across socio- demographic background, training characteristics, and employment characteristics was assessed and the significance was tested using the Chi-square test. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the predictors of preparedness among recent dental graduates.

Results:

The majority of the participants reported themselves to be in the “low preparedness” category (209, 52.3%) as compared to the “high preparedness” category (191, 47.8%). In the bivariate analysis, five variables were found to have significant differences in their proportions between the high and low preparedness categories – gender, caste, type of training institution, work experience, and frequent job changes. According to multivariate analysis, being trained in a private/cooperative college (as opposed to a public institution) and not possessing continuous work experience of even 1 year in a single job (as opposed to having a continuous work experience) were found to pose significant adjusted risk for the lower preparedness among graduates.

Conclusion:

The high proportion of our study participants reporting lower preparedness for independent practice, reflect poor self-rating of their employability. This is critical, when we consider the competitive, saturated private practice sector, and unemployment among young dentists. The relatively higher proportion of poor preparedness among the private sector trained graduates when compared to the government college trained graduates is another matter that raises concern.
Comparison of perception of pain following orthodontic extraction with oral analgesics over adjuvant herbal patch
Authors: Sukumaran Aparna , Fiona R. Jael , Monisha Beninah , Zulkifli Noorazleen , Vijayarangan Sathyabama , Kumar P. D. Madan
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

Pain that follows extraction of any tooth is an acute, short-lasting (2 h–3 days) pain that reaches its maximum intensity during the early (first 4 h) post-extraction period (Kaur et al., 2016). Pain management postoperatively is essential as it helps to minimize discomfort to the patient, reducing the risk of infection, speeding the recovery period. Although several methods have been used for pain management, no study has been conducted on the efficacy of herbal patch as pain relief method in dental extractions. This present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of herbal patch along with oral analgesics in controlling the post- extraction pain compared to routine oral analgesics alone.

Materials and Methods:

An interventional study was conducted among 30 orthodontic patients aged 13–25 years. Written consent and ethical clearance were obtained. A split-mouth design was used with herbal patch and oral analgesic for post-extraction pain management for the study participants. Visual analog scale was used to assess the pain post-extraction at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h of the 1st day. Data collected were subjected to appropriate statistical test using SPSS version 20.

Results:

A highly statistical difference was seen between the two groups and within the groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Transdermal herbal patch seems to be a promising analgesic modality for the management of mild- to-moderate pain following dental extractions.
Sugar substitute: Key facts for their use – A review
Authors: Jaggi Amrita , Marya C. M. , Oberoi Sukhvinder Singh , Nagpal Ruchi , Kataria Sakshi , Taneja Pratibha
Published: June 2020

A simple, unidirectional schematic depicts the hypothesized pathways by which sugar-sweetened beverage consumption may lead to the development of chronic cardiovascular/cerebrovascular and metabolic diseases, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and gout. Sugar containing dietary foods could be replaced by the use of sugar substitutes available on the market today, both noncaloric and caloric, which have a low or even no cariogenic potential, sugar substitution is an important part of caries prevention and improving the overall health of an individual. The most common sugar substitutes used in Europe today are the caloric sweeteners xylitol, sorbitol, lycasin (hydrogenated starch hydrolysate), maltitol and mannitol and the non-caloric sweeteners accesultame-K, aspartame, cyclamate, and saccharin. They are currently replacing sugar in a wide range of products, such as sweeteners for coffee and tea, confectionery and chewing gum, medicines and soda pop. The need for a safe, palatable, non-nutritive, sweetening agent has prompted new approaches to the development of synthetic sweeteners. One interesting approach is based on the concept called “anatomical compartmentalization,” whereby the molecular weight of a sweet compound is increased to the point where no intestinal absorption occurs, thus eliminating systemic effects. Initial attempts at linking low molecular weight sweeteners to macromolecules have generally yielded products with unsatisfactory taste.
Recurrent ankylotic mass treated with aggressive resection and myofascial flap with aggressive physiotherapy
Authors: Mathew Alka Mariam , Vijayaranghan Sathyabama , Baburaj Diana , Veerabahu M. , Sankar D.
Published: June 2020

We are presenting a case with multiple recurring ankylosis, as the child had exhibited the clinical signs and symptoms of an ankylotic right temporomandibular joint. She was operated for the 1st time when she was 6 years old with poor compliance and was reoperated with a distraction unit when she was 10 years old. The research points out to frequent relapses in younger patients operated as they had less compliance relative to the adult ankylotic patients. Henceforth, we dealt with an aggressive approach of planning only on the resection of the mass and if the mouth opening ensues to progress with further correction of the asymmetry and the residual defect. The patient had nil mouth opening and hence was consented for tracheostomy, and fiber-optic intubation was arranged. The aggressive resection of the ankylotic mass was done and the cavity was lined with temporalis myofascial flap. This was followed by aggressive physiotherapy. The patient now has 28 mm of mouth opening and is continuing aggressive physiotherapy for the same. After 6 months of surgery, the patient is planned to undergo corrective jaw surgery for the asymmetry present.
Association of self-esteem with perceived orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life among 12-15 years schoolchildren - A cross-sectional study
Authors: Farooq Mohammed Umar , Puranik Manjunath P. , Shanbhag Namita
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

The objective of the study was to assess the association of self-esteem (SE) with perceived orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among 12–15 years old schoolchildren in Bengaluru city, India.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 schoolchildren aged 12–15 years in Bengaluru city, India. The data were collected on a structured pro forma that included demographic profile, perceived orthodontic treatment need questionnaire, Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP), and the modified version of the Harter’s self-perception profile rated by the children. ANOVA, Chi-square test, and multivariate linear analysis models were used. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results:

The mean age of the study group was 13.21 ± 1.08 years. Most of the study participants were female (53%). Among the participants, 67% perceived orthodontic treatment need. Mean scores for COHIP and SE were 38.3 ± 10.7 and 91.5 ± 8.3, respectively. In multivariate linear regression analysis, SE was significantly associated with OHRQoL (0.161 [95% confidence interval CI 0.086–0.235)] and perceived orthodontic need [−0.701 (95% CI −1.252, −0.151)].

Conclusion:

In this study, orthodontic treatment needs influenced SE and OHRQoL in the children. Hence, early diagnosis and prompt treatment can improve SE and OHRQoL.
Developing and Implementing a Specifications Grading System in an Organic Chemistry Laboratory Course
Authors: Howitz William J. , McKnelly Kate J. , Link Renee
Published: June 2020

Large, multi-section laboratory courses are particularly challenging when managing grading with as many as 35 teaching assistants (TAs). Traditional grading systems using point-based rubrics lead to significant variations in how individual TAs grade, which necessitates the use of curving across laboratory sections. Final grade uncertainty perpetuates student anxieties and disincentivizes a collaborative learning environment, so we adopted an alternative grading system, called specifications grading. In this system each student knows exactly what level of proficiency they must demonstrate to earn their desired course grade. Higher grades require demonstrating mastery of skills and content at defined higher levels. Each students’ grade is solely dependent on the work they produce rather than the performance of other students. We piloted specifications grading in the smaller, third quarter course of the lower division organic chemistry laboratory series held during a summer term. Open-ended questions were chosen to gather student and TA perceptions of the new grading system. TAs felt that the new grading system reduced the weekly grading time because it was less ambiguous. Responses from students about the nature of the grading system were mixed. Their perceptions indicate that initial buy-in and multiple reminders about the bigger picture of the grading system will be essential to the success of this grading system on a larger scale.
Recommended Vaccination During Pregnancy: A Short Commentary
Authors: Vinesha Pandita
Published: June 2020

Vaccination is the process of stimulating a protective adaptive immune response against microbes by exposure to non-pathogenic forms or microbial components. Live vaccines killed vaccines and pathogen derived puriﬁed macromolecules are the three types of vaccines. Maternal vaccination provide protection to both the mother and fetus from the morbidity of certain serious infectious diseases which can otherwise be prevented by vaccination. Influenza and Pertussis vaccines are routinely recommended during pregnancy. Vaccines can also result in adverse reactions both in the mother and child. This review focuses on guidelines and recommendations for vaccination during pregnancy.
National Cancer Survivor Day: Guest Comment
Authors: Saransh Srivastava
Published: June 2020

National Cancer Survivor Day: Guest Comment by Dr. Saransh Srivastava, Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University
Invitro cell membrane stability study of methanol and aqueous extract of Begonia trichocarpa Dalzell
Authors: Jeyasekhar M P  , Jaslin Edward J
Published: June 2020

The point of present evaluation was to decide the layer balancing out impact of methanol and aqueous extract of Begonia trichocarpa on human red platelet (RBC) film. It was an invitro determination, where blood test was collected from the human volunteers and particular concentrations were made by weakening with supports. The cell suspensions were presented to 100 to 1000 μg/mL arrangement of methanol and aqueous extracts of Begonia trichocarpa. Cell film strength was broke down with various conditions like change in temperature and pH. Diclofenac sodium was utilized as standard medication. Every grouping of concentrates was performed in a triplicate way and the information were determined and introduced as Mean with standard deviation. Film settling exercises were altogether higher with cells which were presented to methanol concentrate of Begonia trichocarpa than fluid concentrate. The restraint of cell film break was focus dependent. This evaluation results demonstrated that the two concentrates has cell layer balancing out action on human RBC however methanol extract was powerful than fluid concentrate. Study report proposed that Begonia trichocarpa plant extracts may offer some helpful impacts in the management inflammatory mediators.
Reflection of Customer Experience and Destination Image of Tourist Trust through Satisfaction Mediation
Authors: Suryaningsih Ika Barokah
Published: June 2020

In the tourism services sector, tourist experience and destination image are the keys to create tourist satisfaction. Thus, tourists are expected to gain pleasure and lead to a build of tourist' trust in the beach destination. Research objectives are to prove the effect of customer experience and destination image on trust through the mediation of tourist satisfaction. The population were all tourists who had visited a beach in Trenggalek Regency more than two times. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling with 193 respondents. Data collection was carried out by a questionnaire containing statement items which were given a score of 1-5 using a Likert scale, and the analysis tool was use PLS. The results imply that customer experience and destination image affect tourist satisfaction. Tourist experience was not significant on trust, but destination image influences trust of the tourist.On the other hand, tourist satisfaction affects tourist' trust. This research proves that the more satisfied tourists, it would be to increase tourist’ trust. The Sobel test shows that the intervening variable, namely tourist satisfaction, can mediate the influence of the variable of tourist experience and destination image on trust when visiting the beach
FUNGSI EDUKATIF DAN FUNGSI MORAL DALAM UNGKAPAN BAHASA TAE’ YANG MEREPRESENTASIKAN KEARIFAN LOKAL ETNIK LUWU
Authors: Nurhalisa Siti
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini membahas tentang fungsi edukatif dan fungsi moral  dalam ungkapan bahasa Tae’ yang merepresentasikan kearifan lokal Etnik Luwu. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian etnografi dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data penelitian ini berupa ungkapan bahasa Tae’,khusunya yang berkaitan dengan fungsi edukatif dan fungsi moral bahasa Tae’ yang merepresentasikan kearifan lokal etnik Luwu. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, perekaman, dan studi dokumentasi. Data ungkapan tersebut diperoleh dari informan yang terdiri atas informan terpilih dan informan bebas. Informan terpilih yaitu tetua adat dan budayawan. Sementara itu, informan bebas adalah beberapa orang masyarakat Baebunta yang dalam kehidupan sehari-hari menggunakan bahasa Tae’.Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis etnografi menurut teori Spradly, yakni analisis domain, analisis taksonomi, analisis komponensial, dan analisis tema kultural.  Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diperoleh temuan bahwa ungkapan bahasa Tae' yang merepresentasikan kearifan lokal etnik Luwu itu memiliki berbagai ragam fungsi dengan pesannya masing-masing, di antaranya, yaitu fungsi edukatif memiliki sepuluh ragam pesan, yaitu pesan tentang etos kerja, sabar dan ikhlas, bersikap netral, mengejar prestasi, mengubah kebiasaan buruk, syukur nikmat, berhemat, sikap mandiri, dan sikap konsisiten dan  fungsi moral memiliki empat ragam pesan, yaitu jujur, amanah, menjaga kehormatan, dan menghargai kebaikan orang .
AFIKS VERBA DALAM BAHASA SALUAN
Authors: Fatinah, S.Pd., M.Pd. Siti
Published: June 2020

Affix verbs in the Saluan language can be added to basic word or basic form in the form of verbs, nouns, adjectives, and numerals. The affix has various forms and functions. This study examines the forms and function of verb affixes in the Saluan language. Related with that, this paper aims to describe the forms and function of verb affixes in the Saluan language. The data of this study were obtained using the litterary method. The data is processed using the intralingual equivalent method through a change technique. The results of this study indicate that there are five verb affixes in the Saluan language, namely prefix, suffix, confix, infix, and combinations of affixes. There are nine verb prefixes, namely moN-, pino-, i-, o-, ba-, po-, ko-, maha-, and mompo-. The moN prefix has four allomorphs, namely mom-, mong-, mo-, and mon-. There are  two verb suffixes, namely -onon and-kon. There are four verb confixes, namely kino-an, kina-mo, kina-anmo, and maha-an. The verb infix is only one, namely -in-. Different case with a combination of affixes. The combination of verb affixes is nine, namely moN-akon, moN-kon, moN-i, i-akon, i-kon, pino-akon, pinokon, i-i, -in-an, -in-akon, and iin-kon. There are five functions of the affix form, namely changing the word category in its basic form, forming bitransitive verbs, forming transitive verbs, reciprocal verbs, and forming passive verbs.
TINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF ANTARA DOSEN DAN NAHASISWA DALAM PERKULIAHAN MATA KULIAH BAHASA INDONESIA DI UMI
Authors: Sari Ihram
Published: June 2020

The writer is interested in examining directive discourse between lecture and studentsin indonesian learning process as general subject in indonesia muslim university. The problem statement of this research is how the politeness forms from lecturer to students, students to lecturer, and students to students in Indonesian Language Subject at Universitas Muslim Indonesia.  The purpose of this study is to describe the form of politeness in the interaction of lecturers to students, students to lecturers, and students to students. This study focused on lecturers who teach general Indonesian language subject at the Faculty of Letters and first semester students, especially those who program general subject in Indonesian. The collected data will be analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the results of the research found, forms of language politeness in the interaction of lecturers to students in the form of declarative sentences,namely obeying the maxim of wisdom, praise, and agreement; interrogative sentences, namely obeying the maxim of wisdom; imperative sentence, namely obeying the maxim of wisdom; the exclamation sentence, namely obeying the maxim of wisdom; and language politeness in the interaction of students to lecturers in the form of declarative sentences, namely obeying the maxim of generosity and agreement; interrogative sentences, namely obeying the maxim of generosity; the exclamation sentence, namely obeying the maxim of wisdom; and the form of politeness in the interaction of students to students in the form of declarative sentences, namely the maxim of wisdom, generosity, agreement and sympathy; interrogative sentences, namely the maxim of wisdom and sympathy; imperative sentence, namely the maxim of wisdom; exclamation sentence, namely the maxim of wisdom. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the use of politeness in the formal setting is very useful for people's lives, including in the education side.
BAHASA DAN KREATIVITAS: ANALISIS TINDAK TUTUR ILOKUSI DALAM MEME KAMUS KEKINIAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Titis Ary Laksanti I Desak Ketut
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis research is an effort to describe linguistic phenomena occur among Indonesian younger generation which constitute a productive users of any kind of social media. The emergence of Indonesian currents meme dictionary in various social media are becoming a place of the younger generation for creativity.The exploitation of linguistic aspects is inseperable from this phenomena. The research findings show that speech act found in the Indonesian currents meme dictionary are dominated by: 1) expressive speech acts are used for expressing anger, dissapointments, jealousy, admirations, and longing, 2) assertive speech acts are used for expressing complaint, denials, aggrements, and mocks, 3) directive speech act are used for expressing commands and request something to the interlocutors, and 4) questioning speech act are used for lip service and to assertings something from the interlocutors. All of the speech act maybe delivered directly or indirectly, literally or non-literally to the interlocutors. Those speech act are strongly influenced by 1) love relationship, 2) women characteristics, 3) degree of intimacy, and 4) the speaker’s way of beginning and ending the communications.
LEKSIKOLOGI SASTRA DALAM MANTRA CARA MENANAM TEMBUNI
Authors: Casim NFR Casim
Published: June 2020

Lexicology has a very important role in the study of spells, especially in the study of meaning (style). This paper focuses on: 1) the vocabulary used in the spell how to Cara Menanam Tembuni and translation; 2) mantra studies how to Cara Menanam Tembuni by examining meaning in language style. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research methods of text analysis. The data obtained are examined using descriptive analysis approach. From the results of a study on how to plant the placenta spells found: 1) the vocabulary used in the spell of how to grow the afterbirth is the Java Language Ngoko-Chromo among: meneng, jabang bayi, siro, beko, marang, bopo, biyung, sedulur, inggih; 2) spells by planting the placenta contained a tautolog-style parallelism assertion language (meneng-meneng, sugih-sugih, wani-wani, siro-siro, sedulur-sedulur, inggih inggih inggih; alliteration (meneng-meneng, wani-wani, sedulur-sedulur); and inversion (meneng-meneng jabang bayi siro).Keywords: Lexicology Literature, Mantra, Vocabulary, Meaning
LEKSIKON ETNOMEDISIN DALAM PENGOBATAN TRADISIONAL SUKU DAYAK BAKUMPAI
Authors: Hestiyana NFN
Published: June 2020

This research is based on the conception of the Dayak Bakumpai tribe towards traditional medicine. This study analyzed ethnomedical lexicons in traditional Dayak Bakumpai tribal medicine. The purpose of this study is to describe the ethnomedicin lexicon and the techniques of composition in the traditional treatment of the Dayak Bakumpai tribe. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive method. The data in this study were ethnomedicin lexicons in traditional medicine and the techniques of composition in traditional medicine of the Dayak Bakumpai tribe obtained from informants in Barito Kuala Regency, South Kalimantan. Data collection techniques used are the method of referencing, note taking, and library research. The instrument of this study was the researcher as observer and observation sheets. Data analysis includes the classification of ethnomedicin lexicon based on the types of medicinal plants and their functions and the techniques of composition in the traditional treatment of the Dayak Bakumpai tribe. Then, describe, analyze, transcribe, interpret, and conclude the results of the study. From the results of the ethnomedicin lexicon analysis in traditional Dayak Bakumpai tribal medicine, 40 ethnomedicin lexicons were found in traditional Dayak Bakumpai tribal medicine based on the types of medicinal plants and their functions. Then, plant parts are used for medicine, namely roots, tubers (rhizomes), stems, leaves, shoots, and parts of plant skin. Furthermore, the techniques of composition in the traditional treatment of the Dayak Bakumpai tribe are carried out by drinking, smearing, rubbing, sticking, evaporating, and watering to the body part (bathing).
PERAN CERITA RAKYAT DARA MUNING DALAM PENGUKUHAN SISTEM BUDAYA
Authors: Musfeptial NFN
Published: June 2020

This study is entitled Role of Dara Muning Folklore in the Culture System Construction. This study seeks the role of West Kalimantan folklore, especially Dara Muning in the establishment of a cultural system. The theoretical framework used as the basis for this study is an understanding of the theory of literary anthropology. Anthropological theory in the field of literature is basically a theory that focuses on the relationship between literary work and the society that creates or supports the literary work. So that literary works have a cultural dimension of benefits. This research is a qualitative research in a literary perspective. Qualitative research is research that intends to understand the phenomenon of what is experienced by the subject of research such as behavior, perceptions, motivations, actions and others holistically and by way of descriptions in the form of words and language in a specific context that is experienced and by utilizing various natural methods. Thus, a qualitative approach basically provides space for researchers to describe and interpret the meaning of existing data and facts contextually. The results of the study show the role of folklore in the strengthening of existing cultural systems. Especially the West Kalimatantan Dayak culture.
EBV renders B cells susceptible to HIV-1 in humanized mice
Authors: McHugh Donal , Myburgh Renier , Caduff Nicole , Spohn Michael , Kok Yik Lim , Keller Christian W , Murer Anita , Chatterjee Bithi , Rühl Julia , Engelmann Christine , Chijioke Obinna , Quast Isaak , Shilaih Mohaned , Strouvelle Victoria P , Neumann Kathrin , Menter Thomas , Dirnhofer Stephan , Lam Janice KP , Hui Kwai F , Bredl Simon , Schlaepfer Erika , Sorce Silvia , Zbinden Andrea , Capaul Riccarda , Lünemann Jan D , Aguzzi Adriano , Chiang Alan KS , Kempf Werner , Trkola Alexandra , Metzner Karin J , Manz Markus G , Grundhoff Adam , Speck Roberto F , Münz Christian
Published: June 2020

HIV and EBV are human pathogens that cause a considerable burden to worldwide health. In combination, these viruses are linked to AIDS-associated lymphomas. We found that EBV, which transforms B cells, renders them susceptible to HIV-1 infection in a CXCR4 and CD4-dependent manner in vitro and that CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 integrates into the genome of these B cells with the same molecular profile as in autologous CD4+ T cells. In addition, we established a humanized mouse model to investigate the in vivo interactions of EBV and HIV-1 upon coinfection. The respective mice that reconstitute human immune system components upon transplantation with CD34+ human hematopoietic progenitor cells could recapitulate aspects of EBV and HIV immunobiology observed in dual-infected patients. Upon coinfection of humanized mice, EBV/HIV dual-infected B cells could be detected, but were susceptible to CD8+ T-cell–mediated immune control.
O QUE SÃO FRACTAIS: UMA ANÁLISE CONCEITUAL DE SUAS CARACTERÍSTICAS A PARTIR DE PESQUISAS BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Campos Fabio Antunes Brun de , Fagundes Minéia Cappellari
Published: June 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, de cunho documental, na qual buscamos investigar o que são fractais e quais são as características que os definem. A motivação para este artigo surgiu no contexto de uma pesquisa de mestrado envolvendo o ensino da matemática com tais estruturas geométricas. Nessa pesquisa, durante a leitura de alguns trabalhos científicos, percebemos divergências teóricas em relação às características que definem os fractais. Isso instigou-nos a aprofundar os nossos conhecimentos sobre esse conceito e a buscarmos alternativas que contribuíssem com a comunidade científica e com os processos de ensino da matemática com fractais. Dessa forma, pesquisamos, na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), trabalhos que versassem sobre o ensino da matemática com fractais e analisamos as definições nelas apresentadas por meio da metodologia da Análise Textual Discursiva. As características encontradas nos 36 trabalhos analisados foram: a irregularidade, a autossemelhança, a complexidade infinita e a dimensão fracionária. Assim, este artigo apresenta indícios de conceitos sobre os fractais que podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento científico e educacional sobre este tema.
UMA PROPOSTA DE ATIVIDADE MATEMÁTICA SOBRE O TEMPO DE EXPOSIÇÃO AO SOL
Authors: Silva Kattia Ferreira da , Carneiro Raylson Dos Santos , Carneiro Rogerio dos Santos
Published: June 2020

A necessidade de pensar novas metodologias para o ensino da matemática, especialmente a partir de temas relacionados ao cotidiano dos alunos, motivou a realização desta pesquisa, que tem como objetivo aliar teoria e prática no contexto da educação básica, para verificar o tempo que uma pessoa, fazendo uso adequado do fator de proteção solar (FPS) 30, pode ficar exposta à radiação ultravioleta (UV) do sol, sem sofrer queimaduras. Por meio da modelagem matemática, apresenta-se uma proposta para o ensino de matemática, que tende a permitir ao professor do ensino médio tratar conceitos de função exponencial de maneira crítica e reflexiva, para a construção de um conhecimento mais significativo e também fornecer aos alunos condições de perceber a integração da matemática com outras áreas. Ao considerar os níveis de radiação, o FPS 30 em relação ao tipo de pele, os dados remetem a uma função exponencial, que, ao se aplicar a metodologia do método dos mínimos quadrados, viabilizou elaborar um modelo matemático para cada um dos quatro tipos de pele. Os resultados mostram que, se as pessoas fizerem o uso correto do FPS 30, a depender do tipo de pele, é possível permanecer em exposição ao sol por um tempo mínimo de 1h e 45 minutos, sem sofrer queimaduras.