bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the degradation process of 2D passivated and Cs stabilized FAPbI3 by optical pump THz probe spectroscopy
Authors: Sun Hao , He Hongchuan , Yin Ming , Cheng Hao , Lin Xiaoxia , Huang Qiuping , Lu Yalin
Published: May 2021

The carrier dynamics and time-dependent photo-physical properties in the degradation period of hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites (HOIPs) are still unclear. Here a non-contact optical pump THz probe measurement was performed to observe the long-term degradation process of 2D passivated and cesium stabilized formamidinium lead iodide perovskite (FAPbI3) films. We find that photoconductivity and carrier mobility of the FA0.9Cs0.1PbI3 film decay steadily, while these of the 2D phenylethylammonium lead iodide (PEA2PbI4) passivated FAPbI3 film show an accelerated decay rate. Moreover, it’s also revealed that the localization of charge carriers increases with the transformation process from the fitted results by the Drude-Smith model. These results indicate that the stabilized effect of Cs incorporation is continuous, while the passivated effect of PEA2PbI4 can be weakened by the newly emerged phase boundaries. This report proposes a new perspective and sheds light on the degradation process of HOIPs.
Phase, microstructure and service character of as-deposited and short-time heat-treated Ni-Mo alloys with mixed state
Authors: Xu Hong , Li Ning , Zhuo Qinghua , Lu Lirong , Chen Weizeng
Published: May 2021

Considering the amorphous and nano-crystalline cluster structure and their activity, on the basis of the mixed structure Ni-Mo alloys, the crystallization kinetics of the alloys and the performance of the alloys after heat treatment with different mixed structure were studied. The phase structure and composition were determined by X-ray powder diffraction. The crystallization activation energy of the mixed structure was obtained by differential scanning calorimetry. The electrochemical activity of the mixed structure alloy was determined by electrochemical analysis. The experimental results show that the structural stability of the mixed-structure alloy is better, but the crystallization activation energy is much lower than that of the amorphous alloy. The crystallization process consists of a meta-stable structure transition and a new phase formation. The electrochemical properties of the alloy indicated that the alloy with the mixed structure has higher electrochemical activity, with higher hardness and better corrosion resistance, which results from the large true contact surface and the large number of active centers in this material structure.
Paths to social licence for tracking-data analytics in university research and services
Authors: White Joshua P. , Dennis Simon , Tomko Martin , Bell Jessica , Winter Stephan
Published: May 2021

While tracking-data analytics can be a goldmine for institutions and companies, the inherent privacy concerns also form a legal, ethical and social minefield. We present a study that seeks to understand the extent and circumstances under which tracking-data analytics is undertaken with social licence—that is, with broad community acceptance beyond formal compliance with legal requirements. Taking a University campus environment as a case, we enquire about the social licence for Wi-Fi-based tracking-data analytics. Staff and student participants answered a questionnaire presenting hypothetical scenarios involving Wi-Fi tracking for university research and services. Our results present a Bayesian logistic mixed-effects regression of acceptability judgements as a function of participant ratings on 11 privacy dimensions. Results show widespread acceptance of tracking-data analytics on campus and suggest that trust, individual benefit, data sensitivity, risk of harm and institutional respect for privacy are the most predictive factors determining this acceptance judgement.
Turnover rate of coenzyme A in mouse brain and liver
Authors: Orsatti Laura , Orsale Maria Vittoria , di Pasquale Pamela , Vecchi Andrea , Colaceci Fabrizio , Ciammaichella Alina , Rossetti Ilaria , Bonelli Fabio , Baumgaertel Karsten , Liu Kai , Elbaum Daniel , Monteagudo Edith
Published: May 2021

Coenzyme A (CoA) is a fundamental cofactor involved in a number of important biochemical reactions in the cell. Altered CoA metabolism results in severe conditions such as pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) in which a reduction of the activity of pantothenate kinase isoform 2 (PANK2) present in CoA biosynthesis in the brain consequently lowers the level of CoA in this organ. In order to develop a new drug aimed at restoring the sufficient amount of CoA in the brain of PKAN patients, we looked at its turnover. We report here the results of two experiments that enabled us to measure the half-life of pantothenic acid, free CoA (CoASH) and acetylCoA in the brains and livers of male and female C57BL/6N mice, and total CoA in the brains of male mice. We administered (intrastriatally or orally) a single dose of a [13C3-15N-18O]-labelled coenzyme A precursor (fosmetpantotenate or [13C3-15N]-pantothenic acid) to the mice and measured, by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, unlabelled- and labelled-coenzyme A species appearance and disappearance over time. We found that the turnover of all metabolites was faster in the liver than in the brain in both genders with no evident gender difference observed. In the oral study, the CoASH half-life was: 69 ± 5 h (male) and 82 ± 6 h (female) in the liver; 136 ± 14 h (male) and 144 ± 12 h (female) in the brain. AcetylCoA half-life was 74 ± 9 h (male) and 71 ± 7 h (female) in the liver; 117 ± 13 h (male) and 158 ± 23 (female) in the brain. These results were in accordance with the corresponding values obtained after intrastriatal infusion of labelled-fosmetpantotenate (CoASH 124 ± 13 h, acetylCoA 117 ± 11 and total CoA 144 ± 17 in male brain).
9Mobile news SMS entrepreneurship and citizen journalism potentials in Nigeria
Authors: Nyam Isaac Imo-Ter , Okpara Stella-Maris Ngozi
Published: May 2021

There is increased mobile telecommunications penetration across Nigeria. One of the realities connected to such penetration is the news-text services offered by the country’s 9Mobile mobile telecommunications company. This content analysis and covert non-participant observation research examined news entrepreneurial and citizen journalism potentials of the service. Findings show that news SMS service is encouraging, but issues such as delayed delivery and incomplete replications concurrently hamper entrepreneurial and citizen journalism benefits. The degree of diversity of 9Mobile news SMS contents is also poor. Nevertheless, there was significant use of prominent news stories – as derived from the hardcopies of the sourcing national newspapers. The research notes the need for news SMS copyright and plagiarism checks alongside other professional standards. Overall, it is pertinent to reiterate that irrespective of shortcomings, convergent news deliveries of 9Mobile SMS-MoreNews retain significant potentials for entrepreneurship and citizen journalism.
La poesía de la experiencia o la poética del suicidio literario en Jaime Gil de Biedma
Authors: Iglesias Arellano Mariana
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo demostrar de qué manera la problematización del «yo» y el «tiempo», ambos elementos centrales en la poética de Jaime Gil de Biedma, son consecuencia directa de la reflexión que el poeta tuvo respecto de las ideas de Robert Langbaum sobre la poesía de la experiencia. Aunque la crítica reconoce ampliamente la presencia de estos elementos en la poética del autor, no se ha indagado lo suficiente en la conexión que guardan entre sí. Finalmente, mi hipótesis es que la conjunción de estos tres factores influyó notablemente en el agotamiento de la capacidad creativa del autor.
La urbe moderna en la narrativa de Elena Fortún: espacio y significado
Authors: Mascarell Purificació
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo presenta un análisis del espacio de la urbe moderna en la narrativa de Elena Fortún y su significado dentro de la producción literaria de la autora. Para ello, se detiene en los episodios de la saga de Celia que transcurren en el escenario de la capital madrileña y observa los vínculos entre los elementos de transformación y modernidad urbana con los personajes y sus actitudes, identificando el cosmopolitismo con la apertura de la mentalidad tradicional española hacia corrientes culturales renovadoras.
La terapia de lo sublime en los diarios de Dorothy Wordsworth y Francisca Larrea
Authors: Ruiz de Alegría Puig Iratxe
Published: May 2021

Si otrora un buen número de textos diarísticos fueron ignorados por la crítica al adolecer de veracidad y rigor, en la actualidad la ficción prevalece como principal elemento de continuidad en el que se apoya la literatura para crear obras maestras. Conocedoras de los nuevos gustos estéticos europeos, y en respuesta a lo sublime masculino, las escritoras Dorothy Wordsworth y Francisca Ruiz de Larrea defienden un compromiso de la mujer con la naturaleza alternativo al que plantea Burke. Se trataría del paisaje sublime no como un lugar al que escapar y en el que perderse, sino más bien un lugar en el que reaparecer y empoderarse, puesto que resulta transformador y terapéutico. Frente al mito romántico del genio solitario, Wordsworth y Larrea no solo rechazan la concepción burkeana de lo sublime, sino que encuentran en dicho paisaje remansos de paz y libertad.
Tejero Bedate, Delhy. Narraciones ilustradas / ilustraciones narradas
Authors: Di Nunno Christian
Published: May 2021

Reseña de: Tejero Bedate, Delhy. Narraciones ilustradas / ilustraciones narradas. Edición y estudio preliminar de Dolores Romero López, Burgos: Fundación Instituto Castellano y Leonés de la Lengua, 2020, ISBN: 978-84-92909-27-8, 173 pp.
Care to value. Preservation strategies in the Art Market’s context
Authors: Marrocano João Henrique Macedo
Published: May 2021

In the art market, it is a real possibility that the conduct to be adopted in the preservation of contemporary art cannot be put into practice without secession with the conservation and restoration guidelines. The aim of this study is to analyse if the most prominent professional guidelines fit into the market framework, or if it is possible to find divergences or reasons to lay aside in commercial practice. The work compared the fundamental guidelines with the practical objectives of the art market, qualitatively analyzing the results with the personal testimony collected from the agents of the national market on the issue raised. From this analysis, it was possible to identify the need for diagnostic models balanced with the safeguard of the commercial circumstance of the assets, seeking to develop a line of diagnostic guidelines that offer analytical usefulness to the conservator, in actions in the context of the contemporary art market in Portugal.
Archaeological glass conservation and restoration intervention materials – a literature review
Authors: Pereira Andreia , Vilarigues Márcia , Coutinho Inês
Published: May 2021

Conservation and restoration on archaeological objects in glass often involve the removal of materials from previous restorations and comprise a deep knowledge about present and past methodologies. This article presents a literature survey and critical analysis of the main materials used in the different stages of intervention: cleaning, consolidation, joining fragments and filling gaps. A considerable number of used products was identified, which illustrates the use of various methodologies among professionals from this area. Cleaning methods vary from mechanical methods using a brush (less invasive) to the use of various acidic solutions, some of which can endanger the integrity of objects, being the most common ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid. We highlight the use of epoxy resins as adhesive, consolidant and filler, as well as the acrylic resin Paraloid B-72, identified as reversible, colorless, stable and inert. This survey and analysis of the bibliography reveals the need to implement common intervention methodologies dedicated to this material.
El laboratorio en el diagnóstico multidisciplinar del desarrollo sexual anómalo o diferente (DSD)
Authors: Granada Maria Luisa , Audí Laura
Published: May 2021

Objetivos

El desarrollo de las características sexuales femeninas o masculinas acontece durante la vida fetal, determinándose el sexo genético, el gonadal y el sexo genital interno y externo (femenino o masculino). Cualquier discordancia en las etapas de diferenciación ocasiona un desarrollo sexual anómalo o diferente (DSD) que se clasifica según la composición de los cromosomas sexuales del cariotipo.

Contenido

En este capítulo se abordan la fisiología de la determinación y el desarrollo de las características sexuales femeninas o masculinas durante la vida fetal, la clasificación general de los DSD y su estudio diagnóstico clínico, bioquímico y genético que debe ser multidisciplinar. Los estudios bioquímicos deben incluir, además de las determinaciones bioquímicas generales, análisis de hormonas esteroideas y peptídicas, en condiciones basales o en pruebas funcionales de estimulación. El estudio genético debe comenzar con la determinación del cariotipo al que seguirá un estudio molecular en los cariotipos 46,XX ó 46,XY, orientado a la caracterización de un gen candidato. Además, se expondrán de manera específica los marcadores bioquímicos y genéticos en los DSD 46,XX, que incluyen el desarrollo gonadal anómalo (disgenesias, ovotestes y testes), el exceso de andrógenos de origen fetal (el más frecuente), fetoplacentario o materno y las anomalías del desarrollo de los genitales internos.

Perspectivas

El diagnóstico de un DSD requiere la contribución de un equipo multidisciplinar coordinado por un clínico y que incluya los servicios de bioquímica y genética clínica y molecular, un servicio de radiología e imagen y un servicio de anatomía patológica.
Policing language in the world of new work: the commodification of workplace communication in organizational consulting
Authors: Nissi Riikka , Hirsto Heidi
Published: May 2021

This paper examines how the shift to knowledge and innovation economy has created new sites for the commodification of language and communication in the context of organizational consulting. The data come from a consultant-led development and training program of the management teams of a Finnish educational organization. In the study, the year-long training was videotaped (45 h) and followed ethnographically. By using rhetorical discourse analysis as a method, we examine how the consultant-led training activities present the role of language and communication in changing working life. The results show how the activities factualize the transformation of work and the centrality of language in this transformation. They conceptualize language and communication as key elements of professional competence and resources for organizational improvement. Moreover, they construct causal relations between organizational success and the ability to assess and modify one’s own communicative behavior. With its focus on language awareness and contextual variation the training differs from settings examined in previous studies where the mechanisms of commodification are based on standardization practices. In conclusion, we reflect the training programs both as indicators and vehicles for social change and discuss how they act as spaces where the new worlds of work are discursively construed.
Preparation and characterization of Nd-doped double-layer silane anticorrosion coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy surface
Authors: Zhao Zhijie , Tabish Mohammad , Zhao Jingmao , Anjum Muhammad Junaid , Wang Wei , Wei Shixiong , Asl Vahdat Zahedi
Published: May 2021

Magnesium alloys have found widespread application as engineering and functional materials in automobile, aerospace, electronics, and biomedical industries. However, these alloys are susceptible to corrosion, and the development of new anticorrosion coatings on Mg alloys surface is urgently needed. In this work, pristine and doped double-layer silane coatings were applied to the AZ91D Mg alloy surface in order to improve its corrosion resistance properties in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The doped silane coatings consisted of KH-550 as the bottom layer and Nd(NO3)3-doped bis-(γ-triethoxysilylpropyl)-tetrasulfide (BTESPT) as the top layer. The effect of Nd(NO3)3 concentration on the corrosion inhibition properties of silane coatings was studied, and the highest corrosion resistance was achieved when the Nd(NO3)3 concentration was 5 × 10−3 mol/L. Compared to the pristine coating, the doped coating had enhanced hydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 108° and, to the best of our knowledge, one of the lowest corrosion current densities (1.51 × 10−2 μA/cm2) reported to date for treated AZ91D. These significant improvements were attributed to the presence of the Si-O-Nd network in the doped coating, leading to the uniform and homogeneous nature and excellent anticorrosion properties of Nd-doped silane coating.
Removal of methylene blue in water by electrospun PAN/β-CD nanofibre membrane
Authors: Sun Zhaoying , Feng Tao , Zhou Zhihui , Wu Hongdan
Published: May 2021

The polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membrane prepared by the electrospinning technology was used as the matrix, and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was introduced into it to synthesize the composite nanofiber membrane. Taking methylene blue as the object, the adsorption performance of nanofiber membranes for dyes in the aqueous solution was studied. The structure, morphology, and specific surface area of the nanofiber membrane were characterized using FTIR, SEM, BET, XRD, and EDS. Meantime, the adsorption equilibrium was also explored. After being modified by cyclodextrin, a large number of cavity structures and hydrophobic binding sites were provided for the nanofiber membrane, and the adsorption performance was significantly improved. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of the PAN/β-CD blend nanofiber membrane (at 25℃) for methylene blue was 108.66 mg g−1. The effects of pH, adsorption time, ion concentration, and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption capacity were also investigated. In addition, by fitting with the adsorption model, the adsorption process was more complex with the quasi-secondary adsorption kinetics and Langmuir isotherm adsorption model.
Amelioration of STZ-induced nephropathy in diabetic rats by saffron hydro alcoholic extract
Authors: Amri Jamal , Alaee Mona , Latifi Seyed Amirhossein , Alimoradian Abbas , Salehi Mehdi
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Type 1 diabetes is one of the most important causes of microvascular complications such as nephropathy. On other hand, the use of herbal medicines is more affordable and has fewer side effects. Therefore, this study was conducted to assessment the therapeutic effect of saffron in diabetic nephropathy by regulating the expression of CTGF and RAGE genes as well as oxidative stress in rats with type 1 diabetes.

Methods

In this study, we used 24 Wistar rats in four groups. To induce diabetes, we used a 55 mg/kg.bw dose of streptozotocin intraperitoneally. Type 1 diabetic rats were administered saffron (20 and 40 mg/kg/day) by gavage once daily for 42 days. Finally, serum urea, creatinine, albumin and SOD, MDA levels in kidney tissue were measured using spectrophotometric methods and CTGF and RAGE gene expression in kidney tissue was measured using real-time PCR method.

Results

Diabetes significantly increases serum FBG, urea, creatinine and decreases albumin (p<0.001). AS well as increased the CTGF and RAGE genes expression, MDA level and decreased the SOD activity in the kidney tissue (p<0.001). Serum urea, creatinine, albumin was significantly ameliorated by saffron (p<0.001). It was shown the saffron significantly decrease the kidney expression CTGF and RAGE genes and MDA level and increased the SOD activity (p<0.001). Also, it was found that the beneficial effects of the saffron were dose-dependent (p<0.05).

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that saffron as an adjunct therapy may prevent development and treatment of diabetic nephropathy by regulating the expression of the CTGF and RAGE genes and oxidative stress.
Experiences and attitudes towards mental health problems in first year German university students
Authors: Koschig Maria , Conrad Ines , Riedel-Heller Steffi G.
Published: May 2021

Objectives

The study should show how familiar German first year university students are with mental health issues and what their attitudes are regarding mental illness.

Methods

The study sample consisted of 293 first year German university students (20.37 years ± 1.88), most of them women (82.9%). The majority (77.6%) was studying a social type subject. An additive focus group consisted of four experts. The participants of the quantitative part were recruited at prevention workshops that were offered during the induction week at the beginning of the semester at 15 German universities. Experts of the focus group were recruited by telephone call. In addition to quantitative analysis, we realized a focus group with experts of our target group concerns and university system. For statistical analysis, we used statistic software programme “SPSS” 24 to conduct t-tests. We used content-analytical evaluation to build a category system.

Results

Every fourth participant reported having had a mental health problem. Male participants had a slightly greater desire for social distance (p=0.008; df=288) and slightly stronger stereotypes (p<0.001; df=289).

Conclusions

The present study shows that first year university students in Germany have substantial experience with mental health problems.
IOER Monitor: A Spatio-Temporal Research Data Infrastructure on Settlement and Open Space Development in Germany
Authors: Meinel Gotthard , Sikder Sujit Kumar , Krueger Tobias
Published: May 2021

This paper gives a comprehensive introduction to the IOER Monitor – an open research data infrastructure (RDI) in Germany providing domain-specific multi-temporal geospatial datasets, services and visualizations for land use and land cover (LULC)-related development of settlements and open space and closely related topics. Its easy-to-use information system provides multi-scale data offers to form a discussion platform that supports spatial development assessment and evidence-based decision making. It contributes to public land-use change discourses by enhancing information offers that can be adopted by other multi-disciplinary data users - even from non-spatial domains. All data and services are freely available. IOER Monitor is committed to offering continuous services implementing FAIR principles (findable, accessible, interoperable and re-usable) and policy-relevant inputs for transformative spatial development.
Form and Substance in the “Private Law” of Torts
Authors: Keating Gregory C.
Published: May 2021

Instrumentalist ideas have long been prominent in torts scholarship. Since the rise of legal realism, discussions of deterrence, compensation, the minimization of accident costs, and the distribution of losses have dominated scholarly discourse. In the past several decades, however, wholesale rejections of instrumentalist tort theory have arisen. The most uncompromising of these views rallies around the avowedly formalist battle cry that tort is “private law”. Ernest Weinrib’s elegant and influential book, The Idea of Private Law, declares its allegiance to that thesis in its title, and the idea figures almost as centrally in Arthur Ripstein’s recent and important Private Wrongs. Theorists who rally around the banner of “private law” claim that tort law’s governing principles of right and responsibility tumble out of the field’s characteristic legal form. Law, as they understand it, is constitutive of just relations among persons, not an instrument for the pursuit of independently valuable ends. For scholars like Weinrib and Ripstein, “private law” is the Kantian idea of reason that makes our actual law of torts intelligible. The claim that torts is a law of wrongs where persons bring claims in their own names for harms that they have wrongly suffered against those allegedly responsible for those wrongful harms is powerful and persuasive. The claim that the obligations persons owe one another in tort are obligations owed among equal and independent persons is likewise compelling. But theorists of tort as “private law” overshoot the mark by both asking and making too much of form. They ask too much of form when they attempt to make sense of the private law of torts solely in terms of form—eschewing all talk of interests. We cannot understand or justify the law of torts without attending to the interests that it protects. In tort, as elsewhere, rights and the duties they ground protect important individual interests. For example, it is our interest in the physical integrity of our persons that grounds the law of negligence. Theorist of tort as “private law” make too much of form when they present the legal category as its own private fiefdom walled off from surrounding legal fields. For Ripstein and Weinrib, “private law” is its own autonomous domain, sealed off against infection by any legal field whose form identifies it as “public law”. In our law, the private law of torts cooperates and competes with public law institutions as a response to the pervasiveness of accidental harm in an industrial and technological society. It is one way of institutionalizing our interest in safety. Establishing rightful relations among free and equal persons in civil society requires that institutions protect persons’ urgent interests, not just establish their formal independence. The theoretical understanding that we need will recognize that we misunderstand even the private law of torts itself if we sever it entirely from forms of collective responsibility for avoiding and repairing accidental harm with which it competes and cooperates.
Polariton lasing and energy-degenerate parametric scattering in non-resonantly driven coupled planar microcavities
Authors: Sawicki Krzysztof , Sturges Thomas J. , Ściesiek Maciej , Kazimierczuk Tomasz , Sobczak Kamil , Golnik Andrzej , Pacuski Wojciech , Suffczyński Jan
Published: May 2021

Multi-level exciton-polariton systems offer an attractive platform for studies of non-linear optical phenomena. However, studies of such consequential non-linear phenomena as polariton condensation and lasing in planar microcavities have so far been limited to two-level systems, where the condensation takes place in the lowest attainable state. Here, we report non-equilibrium Bose–Einstein condensation of exciton-polaritons and low threshold, dual-wavelength polariton lasing in vertically coupled, double planar microcavities. Moreover, we find that the presence of the non-resonantly driven condensate triggers interbranch exciton-polariton transfer in the form of energy-degenerate parametric scattering. Such an effect has so far been observed only under excitation that is strictly resonant in terms of the energy and incidence angle. We describe theoretically our time-integrated and time-resolved photoluminescence investigations by an open-dissipative Gross–Pitaevskii equation-based model. Our platform’s inherent tunability is promising for construction of planar lattices, enabling three-dimensional polariton hopping and realization of photonic devices, such as all-optical polariton-based logic gates.
Getting collaborative robots to work: A study of ethics emerging during the implementation of cobots
Authors: Wallace Jamie
Published: May 2021

Following ethnographic studies of Danish companies, this article examines how small- and medium-sized companies are implementing cobots into their manufacturing systems and considers how this is changing the practices of technicians and operators alike. It considers how this changes human values and has ethical consequences for the companies involved. By presenting a range of dilemmas arising during emergent processes, it raises questions about the extent to which ethics can be regulated and predetermined in processes of robot implementation and the resulting reconfiguration of work.
Ethnobotanical survey, phytoconstituents and antibacterial investigation of Rapanea melanophloeos (L.) Mez. bark, fruit and leaf extracts
Authors: Lukhele Thabile , Olivier Denise , Fotsing Marthe C. D. , Tata Charlotte M. , Ikhile Monisola I. , Krause Rui W. M. , Van Vuuren Sandy , Ndinteh Derek Tantoh
Published: May 2021

Rapanea melanophloeos is traditionally used in South Africa in the treatment of ailments of the skin, pulmonary and gastro intestinal tract. This study was aimed at giving an overview of these traditional uses and comparing the phytochemicals and antibacterial activities of various crude extracts of the leaves, fruits and bark in order to validate these uses. The three plant parts were extracted using petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methanol (MeOH) and water. Various phytochemicals were compared using TLC, while alcohol precipitable solids (APS), non-polar terpenes and amino acids were analysed by GC-MS. Antibacterial activity was determined against three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative strains by microdilution assays. Caryophyllene oxides, α-cadinol and (−)-spathulenol were identified in the PE extracts. All nine essential amino acids were present in fruit extracts in significantly higher levels than in the leaves and bark; 255.1, 23.4 and 21.3 mg/g respectively. Most of the extracts showed good antibacterial activity, especially against the Gram-positive pathogens (MIC of ≤1 mg/mL), the EtOAc extracts exhibited the best activity with the fruit having an MIC values of 0.1 ± 0.2 mg/mL against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis, 0.05 mg/mL against Bacillus cereus. Results from this study validate the ethnomedicinal uses of R. melanophloeos extracts for ailments of bacterial etiology. The plant had a rich supply of secondary metabolites, APS and amino acids and TLC and antibacterial activities of the extracts showed slight variations in chemical composition due to geographic distribution.
Effect of fiber breakage position on the mechanical performance of unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Ma Yan , Wu Leilei , Yu Lichao , Elbadry Elsayed A. , Yang Weiwei , Huang Xiaomei , Yan Xuefeng , Cao Haijian
Published: May 2021

Fiber breakage is one of the most negative factors that affect the mechanical performance of unidirectional carbon-fiber (CF)-reinforced composites. In the present study, unidirectional CF-reinforced epoxy (CF/epoxy) laminates with and without fiber breakages located in different layers were manufactured from prepreg via hot compression. The static and cyclic flexural mechanical properties of the unidirectional CF/epoxy laminates were determined through static and low-cycle three-point bending tests. Flexural behavior was observed by using optical microscopy to discuss the failure behavior of the unidirectional CF/epoxy laminates. Results indicated that fiber breakages in different layers led to the static and cyclic mechanical degradation of the unidirectional CF/epoxy laminates. Moreover, fiber breakages in the tension side displayed higher flexural strength and better cyclic performance than those in the compression side.
Die politische Gestaltung der Lebenswelten Geflüchteter: Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention als Leerstelle in der Flüchtlingspolitik
Authors: Henkel Rüdiger
Published: May 2021

Die Versorgung von Geflüchteten ist auch eine Herausforderung für das Gesundheitssystem in Deutschland. Diverse rechtliche und praktische Zugangshindernisse erschweren hier die Versorgung. Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention sind daher umso wichtiger. Doch die Lebensbedingungen und die Möglichkeiten zur Gesundheitsförderung neu ankommender Menschen werden durch Entscheidungen in der Flüchtlingspolitik bestimmt. Der Beitrag untersucht, welche Regelungen des Bundes die Lebenswelten von Geflüchteten (u. a. Unterkunft, Bildung, Arbeit) seit 2015 geprägt haben. Eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse von Dokumenten aus elf Gesetzgebungsverfahren ergab, dass Belange der Gesundheitsförderung in der Flüchtlingspolitik kaum Berücksichtigung finden. Der Beitrag argumentiert, dass dies zur Verankerung von Strukturen beiträgt, die sowohl die Gesundheit als auch die soziale Integration von Geflüchteten beeinträchtigen können.
Late Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers in Central Europe: new data from eastern Poland
Authors: Wiśniewski Tadeusz , Niezabitowska-Wiśniewska Barbara
Published: May 2021

Archaeological research conducted in the western part of the Lublin Upland (eastern Poland) has yielded new data on hunter-gatherer settlement in Central Europe in the Late Palaeolithic, and has redefined the eastern boundary of Late Magdalenian and Federmesser Culture settlement.
Widespread surface waterpCO2 undersaturation during ice-melt season in an Arctic continental shelf sea (Hudson Bay, Canada)
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed M. M. , Else Brent G. T. , Butterworth Brian , Capelle David W. , Guéguen Céline , Miller Lisa A. , Meilleur Claudie , Papakyriakou Tim
Published: May 2021

Estimating sea–air CO2 fluxes in coastal seas remains a source of uncertainty in global carbon budgets because processes like primary production, upwelling, water mixing, and freshwater inputs produce high spatial and temporal variability of CO2 partial pressure (pCO2). As a result, improving our pCO2 baseline observations in these regions is important, especially in sub-Arctic and Arctic seas that are experiencing strong impacts of climate change. Here, we show the patterns and main processes controlling seawater pCO2 and sea–air CO2 fluxes in Hudson Bay during the 2018 spring and early summer seasons. We observed spatially limited pCO2 supersaturation (relative to the atmosphere) near river mouths and beneath sea ice and widespread undersaturated pCO2 in offshore and ice-melt-influenced waters. pCO2 was highly correlated with salinity and temperature, with a limited but statistically significant relationship with chlorophyll a and fluorescent dissolved organic matter. Hudson Bay on average was undersaturated with respect to atmospheric CO2, which we attribute mainly to the dominance of sea-ice meltwater. We calculated an average net CO2 flux of about –5mmol CO2 m–2 day–1 (–3.3 Tg C) during the spring and early summer seasons (92 days). Combining this result with extrapolated estimates for late summer and fall seasons, we estimate the annual CO2 flux of Hudson Bay during the open water season (184 days) to be –7.2 Tg C. Our findings indicate that the bay on average is a weaker CO2 sink than most other Arctic seas, emphasizing the importance of properly accounting for seasonal variability in the Arctic coastal shelves to obtain reliable sea–air CO2 exchange budgets.
A categoría da modalidade e a súa expresión na lingua galega
Authors: Míguez Vítor
Published: May 2021

A modalidade é unha categoría de análise de grande éxito na lingüística que recibiu escasa atención nos estudos sobre o galego. Esta contribución mostra as dificultades con que baten os achegamentos lingüísticos tradicionais á hora de alcanzar unha definición coherente da modalidade e defende, a partir do exame da realización interlingüística das categorías modais, que a modalidade tal e como foi entendida tradicionalmente dá cobertura a trazos peculiares das linguas máis estudadas e que estes son escasamente representativos do comportamento xeral das linguas. Como alternativa, proponse un marco de traballo para o tratamento das categorías modais que diverxe do achegamento tradicional, na medida en que parte dunha definición estrita dos dominios conceptuais e dunha perspectiva ampla da súa realización formal. Neste marco, o concepto de modalidade perde protagonismo para deixar paso ás nocións, conceptualmente simples e coherentes, de modalidade deóntica, modalidade epistémica, modalidade inferencial e modalidade afectiva. Estas nocións constitúen dominios semánticos independentes, mais posúen características comparables en termos de estrutura e alcance semánticos. A argumentación acompáñase de exemplos, tirados dun corpus electrónico, representativos da variedade formal que ofrece o galego para a expresión destas categorías semánticas.
Prediction of Compressive Strengths of Concrete with Partial Fine Aggregate of Plastic Using Artificial Neural Network and Revisions
Authors: Ngandu Cornelius Ngunjiri
Published: May 2021

In recent past years, plastic waste has been a environmental menace. Utilization of plastic waste as fine aggregate substitution could reduce the demand and negative impacts of sand mining while addressing waste plastic challenges.
This study aims at evaluating compressive strengths prediction models for concrete with plastic—mainly recycled plastic—as partial replacement or addition of fine aggregates, by use of artificial neural networks (ANNs), developed in OCTAVE 5.2.0 and datasets from reviews. 44 datasets from 8 different sources were used, that included four input variables namely:- water: binder ratio; control compressive strength (MPa); % plastic replacement or additive by weight and plastic type; and the output variable was the compressive strength of concrete with partial plastic aggregates.
Various models were run and the selected model, with 14 nodes in hidden layer and 320,000 iterations, indicated overall root mean square error (RMSE) , absolute factor of variance (R2), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values of 1.786 MPa, 0.997, 1.329 MPa and 4.44 %. Both experimental and predicted values showed a generally increasing % reduction of compressive strengths with increasing % plastic fine aggregate.
The model showed reasonably low errors, reasonable accuracy and good generalization. ANN model could be used extensively in modeling of green concrete, with partial waste plastic fine aggregate. The study recommend ANNs models application as possible alternative for green concrete trial mix design. Sustainable techniques such as low-cost superplasticizers from recycled material and cost-effective technologies to adequately sizing and shaping plastic for fine aggregate application should be encouraged, so as to enhance strength of concrete with partial plastic aggregates.
E-Sport - Überblick aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven
Authors: Kolo Castulus , Kunz Reinhard E. , Roth Alexander
Published: May 2021

Der sogenannte Elektronische Sport, zuweilen auch Cybersport, im Folgenden mit dem heute verbreiteteren Anglizismus kurz als E-Sport bezeichnet, trifft als aufstrebender neuer Wirtschaftsbereich im Kontext der Medien- und Unterhaltungsindustrien im Allgemeinen bzw. des Sports im Speziellen auf die branchenübergreifenden Trends von Globalisierung und digitaler Transformation. Das immer noch stark wachsende Publikumsinteresse an E-Sport, reflektiert auch in der zunehmenden Relevanz im Werbemarkt (Newzoo 2020), bietet einerseits Chancen für die traditionellen Akteure aus Sport und Medien. Andererseits etablieren sich auch neue, aufstrebende Akteure, wie z. B. die Streaming-Plattform Twitch, welche die angestammten Marktteilnehmer*innen mit innovativen Geschäftsmodellen herausfordern. Der nachfolgende Beitrag soll E-Sport überblicksartig als Wirtschafts- und Forschungsbereich vorstellen sowie als neue Sportdisziplin und abgrenzbares bzw. abzugrenzendes Segment der Medienwirtschaft verorten.
Die Rolle von E-Sport und Gaming im „War for Talents“
Authors: Vitale Gian Luca
Published: May 2021

Der folgende Beitrag beleuchtet die Gaming- und E-Sport-Branche aus Sicht des Personalmanagements. Er zeigt, welche Potenziale in dieser Branche stecken und wie sie sich für das Employer Branding, die Talent Acquisition und das Recruiting nutzbar machen lässt. Das Credo des Verfassers dieses Beitrages lautet: Gamer sind eine spannende Zielgruppe für die Personaler im Hinblick auf die Gestaltung der digitalen und kulturellen Transformation eines Unternehmens. Gian Luca Vitale ist Unternehmensberater und beschäftigt sich mit den Themen strategisches Marketing, Customer Experience und Ecosystem Business Development. In seiner Funktion als Berater hilft er Unternehmen von der Strategie bis zur Umsetzung, einen authentischen und geeigneten Weg in das Gaming und E-Sports-Ökosystem zu finden. Er ist seit seiner Kindheit ein leidenschaftlicher und aktiver Gamer und E-Sports-Athlet und hat mehrfach E-Sport-Teams und Organisationen gegründet und geleitet. Als Speaker und Experte tritt er regelmäßig auf internationalen E-Sports-Konferenzen, Web- und Podcasts auf. Zusätzlich verfasst Gian Luca Vitale als Leitautor regelmäßig Studien und Fachbeiträge zum Thema Gaming und E-Sports.
Konvergenz der Audiowelt durch Innovationen im Internet
Authors: Schröter Christian
Published: May 2021

Technologische Innovationen, Digitalisierung und die Universalplattform des Internets verändern nachhaltig die traditionellen Medien Fernsehen, Radio und Print. Durch das Internet wandeln und erweitern sich die Funktionalitäten der Medien, sie werden flexibler in ihrer Anpassungsfähigkeit an die individuellen Alltagsabläufe ihrer Anwender. Früher getrennte Welten konvergieren. Dieser digitale Transformationsprozess, der Gestaltwandel der Angebote sowie die Aneignungsdynamiken bei den Nutzern standen von Anfang an im Fokus der 1997 gestarteten ARD/ZDF-Onlinestudienreihe. Sie ist die älteste, kontinuierlich jährlich realisierte und publizierte Konvergenzstudie in Deutschland. Untersucht werden – zum Teil im Zusammenspiel mit der Studie ARD/ZDF-Massenkommunikation – seit nun bald zweieinhalb Jahrzehnten die verschiedenen Aspekte dieser Veränderungen. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeichnet anhand der Daten der ARD/ZDF-Onlinestudienreihe die einzelnen Phasen dieses Veränderungsprozesses nach und konzentriert sich dabei auf das Audiosegment. Herangezogen werden auch die qualitativen Studien, die parallel zur Fortschreibung der ARD/ZDF-Onlinestudienreihe in Auftrag gegeben wurden sowie die umfangreiche Sammlung an Aufsätzen und Forschungsberichten im Kontext der Studienreihe. Sichtbar wird die eindrucksvolle Geschichte des Gestaltwandels der Audioangebote durch die technologischen Innovationen der letzten Jahre.
When Do You Trust Your Doctor More? A Comparison between Korea to Germany
Authors: Yang Su Jin , Han Janice Hyungyoon , Kim and Jae Il
Published: May 2021

This research examines the role of demographic homophily in the medical service context. It suggests that demographic homophily between a customer and a service provider has a positive effect on trust, thereby leading to customer loyalty. There is also a mediating effect regarding the clarity of communication and a moderating effect of cultural background on the relationship between demographic homophily and trust. This cross-cultural study compares Korean and German consumers. The moderated mediation effects by cultural background were investigated based on PROCESS, and the mediation effect of trust turned out to be significantly moderated by cultural background. Regardless of cultural background, demographic homophily turned out to be an important explanative variable for building trust with medical service providers. By investigating the significance of demographic homophily and the impact of cultural background, this research contributes to the service marketing field, both academically and practically.
Manufacturing of a sandwich structure engineered wood with a rice husk flake core and teak veneer reinforced with glass/carbon fiber skin
Authors: Meekum Utai , Wangkheeree Waree
Published: May 2021

The manufacturing of a sandwich structure engineered wood, constructed from a rice husk flake core and teak veneer as outside skins, was studied in this work. Epoxy adhesive was employed, while glass and carbon fiber, both short discontinuous and woven forms, were used as reinforcement. The impact strength, flexural properties, and dimensional stability of the samples after prolonged water immersion were measured. At the assigned reinforcement loadings, the rice husk flake/woven woods showed mechanical superiority over the rice husk flake/short discontinuous materials, regardless of the fiber type. The reason for the greater rice husk flake/woven interfacial adhesion and laminated woven strength, compared to the rice husk flake/short discontinuous composite was investigated. The samples constructed from teak veneer laminated with woven glass or carbon fiber skin and rice husk flake or rice husk flake/30% woven glass cores had greater mechanical properties. The high shear and tensile/compression stresses of woven glass or carbon fiber laminated onto teak veneer skins were confirmed. The sandwich structure engineered wood using woven glass and carbon fiber reinforcement exhibited good dimensional stability under prolonged water immersion. Carbon fiber was the better material candidate compared to woven glass in terms of manufacturing the sandwich engineered wood presented in this work.
Drying performance, as well as physical and flexural properties of oil palm wood dried via the super-fast drying method
Authors: Rais Mohd Rafsan , Bakar Edi Suhaimi , Ashaari Zaidon , Hua Lee Seng , Soltani Mojtaba , Ramli Farid , Bawon Paimon
Published: May 2021

Effects of incising parameters were studied relative to the drying performance and properties of super–fast dried oil palm wood. Different incising depths (1/3, 1/2, 2/3, and 100% of the total thickness) and distance (38 mm and 50 mm) were made on the oil palm wood boards prior to the super-fast drying procedure. All the boards achieved the desired moisture content after drying. Drying defects were minimal, as only two boards indicated end checks and surface checks defects. The board density ranged from 0.44 g/m3 to 0.60 g/m3, and the thickness swelling and water absorption of the boards ranged from 8.3% to 12.5% and 45% to 67%, respectively. The specific modulus of rupture and elasticty ranged from 0.35 N m3/kg mm2 to 0.77 N m3/kg mm2 and from 77.64 N m3/kg mm2 to 118.40 N m3/kg mm2, respectively. It can be concluded that the hole distances did not exert significant effect on the properties, with exception of specific modulus of elasticity. A hole depth of 1/3 mm was preferable, since the surface looked like no incision had been made and the sample had good physical and flexural properties.
Preparation of cellulose nanocrystals via successive periodate and bisulfite oxidation and mechanical and hydrophilic properties of the films
Authors: Wang Baoyu , Li Rong , Zeng Jinhao , He Min , Li Junrong
Published: May 2021

Microcrystalline cellulose was oxidized via periodate followed by sulfonation. The sulfonated cellulose nanocrystals were obtained through centrifugation, dialysis, and sonication. The sulfonated cellulose nanocrystals were rod-like and had an average length of 140 nm to 153 nm and an average width of 8 to 10 nm. The Fourier transform infrared profiles and polyelectrate titration demonstrated successful introduction of the sulfonated groups into the cellulose nanocrystals. The sulfonated cellulose nanocrystals had a higher crystallinity index than dialdehyde cellulose. The thin films fabricated via the casting of the sulfonated cellulose nanocrystals suspensions were highly hydrophilic.