bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPROVING THE BATTERY PERFORMANCE OF LiVPO4F BY CHROMIUM DOPING
Authors: LIU YANGHAO , XU YOULONG , SUN XIAOFEI
Published: July 2013

Polyanion LiVPO 4 F has been recently recognized as a promising high energy cathode material for next generation rechargeable lithium batteries. With the aim of performance advancement in this paper, 3 at.% chromium are used to dope LiVPO 4 F during carbothermal reduction synthesis. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction pattern indicates that most of the chromium favors occupying the lithium site. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrum on selected area of the particle further demonstrates successful Cr doping into LiVPO 4 F . Both the rate capability and cycling performance of LiVPO 4 F are found noticeably improved possibly due to the stabilized crystalline structure and increased electric conductivity by Cr doping. The specific discharge capacities at C/24, C/5, 1 C and 8 C rates are 144.3, 135.1, 108.5 and 89.6 mA h g-1, respectively. Moreover, it delivers a capacity of 128.7 mA h g-1 at C/2 with the retention of 88.2% after 100 cycles.
The sole of an ophiolite: the Ordovician Bay of Islands Complex, Newfoundland
Authors: Dewey John F. , Casey John F.
Published: July 2013

The early Ordovician (
c
. 485 Ma) Bay of Islands Ophiolite Complex was obducted onto the Laurentian rifted margin as the fore-arc of an oceanic arc that collided with the margin during the mid-Ordovician (
c
. 470 Ma). The subduction zone was nucleated on an oceanic transform–fracture zone, part of whose remnants occur as the polyphase-deformed and intruded mafic and ultramafic rocks of the Coastal Complex. The ophiolite formed as a suprasubduction-zone fore-arc ophiolite at the spatial and temporal continuation of the ridge normal to the transform–fracture zone–subduction zone system and NE of a trench–trench–ridge triple junction. A two-pyroxene garnet granulite–garnet amphibolite–epidote amphibolite mafic metamorphic sole at the base of the ophiolite was generated, roughly synchronously with the ophiolite, by the metamorphism of mid-ocean ridge basalt mafic rocks in the descending slab at about 10 kbar and quickly attached to the base of the overlying ophiolite during slab flattening, and not by subduction zone extrusion. The metamorphic sole is not a metamorphic aureole at the base of a hot obducting ophiolite. Plate slip vector triangles around the triple junction, before collision and during obduction, are constructed from the orientation of dykes in the sheeted complex and the trends of structures in the high- to lower-temperature parts of the sole and the obducted nappes of oceanic and continental margin rocks beneath the ophiolite. Linear structures in the sole amphibolites trend NNW (the subduction direction); those in the greenschist-facies, obducted, oceanic and continental margin rocks trend WSW (the obduction direction).
Development of intra-basaltic lava-field drainage systems within the Faroe–Shetland Basin
Authors: Schofield Nick , Jolley David W.
Published: July 2013

The Faroe–Shetland Basin, located on the NW continental shelf of the UK, represents arguably the last frontier area of hydrocarbon exploration of the UK territorial waters. The basin contains an aerially extensive lava sequence, which forms part of the Palaeogene-aged North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP). In 2004, a major oil and gas discovery was made within the Palaeocene–Eocene lavas in the form of the Rosebank Field. Unusually, the reservoir intervals are a series of intra-basaltic fluvial clastic sequences separated by basalt lava flows, hyaloclastites and volcaniclastic sediments, giving rise to a new hydrocarbon play concept. The discovery has led to an increased emphasis on trying to understand the detailed stratigraphy of the offshore lava fields within the Faroe–Shetland Basin, as well as the nature of the regional intra-basaltic drainage systems and sediments that form the reservoir intervals in Rosebank.

In this paper we show a regional integrated three-dimensional (3D) seismic and well analysis of the lava sequences within the area of the Corona Ridge, exploring the age relationships and spatial distribution of the sequence T40 and T45 Palaeocene lava field. In particular, we note the occurrence of an intra-basaltic (sequence T40, Colsay Member) drainage network that appears to represent a major drainage pathway within the Faroe–Shetland Basin lava fields.

Few published studies have dealt with drainage system development on lava but our preliminary analysis appears to indicate that lava flow-field morphology plays a dominant role in controlling the development and evolution of a drainage system.
X-ray diffraction and field portable X-ray fluorescence analysis and screening of soils: project design
Authors: Bergslien Elisa T.
Published: July 2013

This paper presents the preliminary results of a study investigating the application of laboratory X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of soils as screening methods for forensic comparison and generalized provenancing. The study area is the Buffalo–Niagara metropolitan region in New York, a glacially draped area of the northeastern USA. For the initial stages of this study, soils are being collected from publicly accessible areas (parks, playgrounds, etc.) for mineralogical and elemental analysis. Initially, minimal sample preparation is being applied to create specimens. An investigation of the published literature reveals that there are a number of different suggested approaches for forensic application of XRD data, not all of which appear to be appropriate to the task at hand. The data being generated in this study are being used to build a reference set for comparison studies. In addition, two simulated forensic samples were collected to test the usefulness of XRD and XRF screening for determining possible regional source areas. For one sample this method was reasonably successful in identifying the general source area, while the results for the second sample were somewhat less satisfactory. In future additional sample handing and analysis protocols will be added.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Hepatic Lipid Metabolism, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Scorletti E. , Byrne C.D.
Published: July 2013

Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids belong to a family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that are known to have important beneficial effects on metabolism and inflammation. Such effects may confer a benefit in specific chronic noncommunicable diseases that are becoming very prevalent in Westernized societies [e.g., nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)]. Typically, with a Westernized diet, long-chain omega-6 fatty acid consumption is markedly greater than omega-3 fatty acid consumption. The potential consequences of an alteration in the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid consumption are increased production of proinflammatory arachidonic acid–derived eicosanoids and impaired regulation of hepatic and adipose function, predisposing to NAFLD. NAFLD represents a spectrum of liver fat–related conditions that originates with ectopic fat accumulation in liver (hepatic steatosis) and progresses, with the development of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). If the adipose tissue is inflamed with widespread macrophage infiltration, the production of adipokines may act to exacerbate liver inflammation and NASH. Omega-3 fatty acid treatment may have beneficial effects in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, adipose tissue function, and inflammation. Recent studies testing the effects of omega-3 fatty acids in NAFLD are showing promise and suggesting that these fatty acids may be useful in the treatment of NAFLD. To date, further research is needed in NAFLD to (a) establish the dose of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids as a treatment, (b) determine the duration of therapy, and (c) test whether there is benefit on the different component features of NAFLD (hepatic fat, inflammation, and fibrosis).
Tcf19 is a novel islet factor necessary for proliferation and survival in the INS-1 β-cell line
Authors: Krautkramer Kimberly A. , Linnemann Amelia K. , Fontaine Danielle A. , Whillock Amy L. , Harris Ted W. , Schleis Gregory J. , Truchan Nathan A. , Marty-Santos Leilani , Lavine Jeremy A. , Cleaver Ondine , Kimple Michelle E. , Davis Dawn Belt
Published: July 2013

Recently, a novel type 1 diabetes association locus was identified at human chromosome 6p31.3, and transcription factor 19 ( TCF19) is a likely causal gene. Little is known about Tcf19, and we now show that it plays a role in both proliferation and apoptosis in insulinoma cells. Tcf19 is expressed in mouse and human islets, with increasing mRNA expression in nondiabetic obesity. The expression of Tcf19 is correlated with β-cell mass expansion, suggesting that it may be a transcriptional regulator of β-cell mass. Increasing proliferation and decreasing apoptotic cell death are two strategies to increase pancreatic β-cell mass and prevent or delay diabetes. siRNA-mediated knockdown of Tcf19 in the INS-1 insulinoma cell line, a β-cell model, results in a decrease in proliferation and an increase in apoptosis. There was a significant reduction in the expression of numerous cell cycle genes from the late G1 phase through the M phase, and cells were arrested at the G1/S checkpoint. We also observed increased apoptosis and susceptibility to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress after Tcf19 knockdown. There was a reduction in expression of genes important for the maintenance of ER homeostasis ( Bip, p58IPK, Edem1, and calreticulin) and an increase in proapoptotic genes ( Bim, Bid, Nix, Gadd34, and Pdia2). Therefore, Tcf19 is necessary for both proliferation and survival and is a novel regulator of these pathways.
Parameter Identification of Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment Bioprocesses Using Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Sendrescu Dorin
Published: July 2013

This paper deals with the offline parameters identification for a class of wastewater treatment bioprocesses using particle swarm optimization (PSO) techniques. Particle swarm optimization is a relatively new heuristic method that has produced promising results for solving complex optimization problems. In this paper one uses some variants of the PSO algorithm for parameter estimation of an anaerobic wastewater treatment process that is a complex biotechnological system. The identification scheme is based on a multimodal numerical optimization problem with high dimension. The performances of the method are analyzed by numerical simulations.
Predictors of Postpartum Glucose Tolerance Testing in Italian Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Capula Carmelo , Chiefari Eusebio , Vero Anna , Iiritano Stefania , Arcidiacono Biagio , Puccio Luigi , Pullano Vittorio , Foti Daniela , Brunetti Antonio , Vero Raffaella
Published: July 2013

Postpartum screening is critical for early identification of type 2 diabetes in women previously diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Nevertheless, its rate remains disappointingly low. Thus, we plan to examine the rate of postpartum glucose tolerance test (ppOGTT) for Italian women with GDM, before and after counseling, and identify demographic, clinical, and/or biochemical predictors of adherence. With these aims, we retrospectively enrolled 1159 women with GDM, in Calabria, Southern Italy, between 2004 and 2011. During the last year, verbal and written counseling on the importance of followup was introduced. Data were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. A significant increase of the return rate was observed following introduction of the counseling [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 5.17 (95% CI, 3.83–6.97), P<0.001]. Interestingly, previous diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) emerged as the major predictor of postpartum followup [AOR 5.27 (95% CI, 3.51–8.70), P<0.001], even after stratification for the absence of counseling. Previous diagnosis of GDM, higher educational status, and insulin treatment were also relevant predictors. Overall, our data indicate that counseling intervention is effective, even if many women fail to return, whereas PCOS represents a new strong predictor of adherence to postpartum testing.
Conformal Mappings in Relativistic Astrophysics
Authors: Hansraj S. , Govinder K. S. , Mewalal N.
Published: July 2013

We describe the use of conformal mappings as a mathematical mechanism to obtain exact solutions of the Einstein field equations in general relativity. The behaviour of the spacetime geometry quantities is given under a conformal transformation, and the Einstein field equations are exhibited for a perfect fluid distribution matter configuration. The field equations are simplified and then exact static and nonstatic solutions are found. We investigate the solutions as candidates to represent realistic distributions of matter. In particular, we consider the positive definiteness of the energy density and pressure and the causality criterion, as well as the existence of a vanishing pressure hypersurface to mark the boundary of the astrophysical fluid.
Endometriosis: A Disease That Remains Enigmatic
Authors: Acién Pedro , Velasco Irene
Published: July 2013

Endometriosis, a gynecologic pathology, is defined by the presence of a tissue similar to uterine endometrium, which is located in places other than physiologically appropriate. These endometrial heterotopic islets contain glands and stroma and are functionally capable of responding to exogenous, endogenous, or local hormonal stimuli. Endometriosis affects 8%–10% of women of reproductive age; in 30% of the women, the condition is associated with primary or secondary infertility. In several instances, endometriosis persists as a minimal or mild disease, or it can resolve on its own. Other cases of endometriosis show severe symptomatology that ends when menopause occurs. Endometriosis can, however, reactivate in several postmenopausal women when iatrogenic or endogenous hormones are present. Endometriosis is occasionally accompanied by malignant ovarian tumors, especially endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas. Its pathogenesis is widely debated, and its variable morphology appears to represent a continuum of individual presentations and progressions. Endometriosis has no pathognomonic signs or symptoms; it is therefore difficult to diagnose. Because of its enigmatic etiopathogenesis, there is currently no satisfactory therapy for all patients with endometriosis. Treatments include medications, surgery, or combined therapies; currently, the only procedures that seem to cure endometriosis are hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. In this paper, we review the most controversial and enigmatic aspects of this disease.
The Reporting Quality Assessment of Complex Interventions’ Articles in Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Wu Meng , Hu Jingqing , Liu Biaoyan
Published: July 2013

Objective.To realize the current situation and problems of complex interventions’ clinical trials.Methods.Searching at Chinese Journal Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine and Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2007 to 2012 by hand, we identified complex interventions’ articles, and then we used the proposed criteria of complex interventions and CONSORT FOR TCM to evaluate.Results.All data is presented as counts with percentages and details in tables.Conclusion.Our evaluation presented that complex interventions have many defects: the selection of the intervention’s components lacks rationale, complex interventions were short of fundamental researches, components’ interactions were ambiguous, and the advantages of complex interventions were not mentioned. Furthermore, explanation of sample size, blind, quality control, ethical approval, and inform consent were neglected in different degrees.
IL-17A and Th17 Cells in Lung Inflammation: An Update on the Role of Th17 Cell Differentiation and IL-17R Signaling in Host Defense against Infection
Authors: Tsai Hsing-Chuan , Velichko Sharlene , Hung Li-Yin , Wu Reen
Published: July 2013

The significance of Th17 cells and interleukin- (IL-)17A signaling in host defense and disease development has been demonstrated in various infection and autoimmune models. Numerous studies have indicated that Th17 cells and its signature cytokine IL-17A are critical to the airway’s immune response against various bacteria and fungal infection. Cytokines such as IL-23, which are involved in Th17 differentiation, play a critical role in controllingKlebsiella pneumonia(K. pneumonia) infection. IL-17A acts on nonimmune cells in infected tissues to strengthen innate immunity by inducing the expression of antimicrobial proteins, cytokines, and chemokines. Mice deficient in IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) expression are susceptible to infection by various pathogens. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in unraveling the mechanism behind Th17 cell differentiation, IL-17A/IL-17R signaling, and also the importance of IL-17A in pulmonary infection.
The Hybrid Aesthetic Functional (HAF) Appliance: A Less Visible Proposal for Functional Orthodontics
Authors: Livas Christos
Published: July 2013

In modern orthodontics, aesthetics appear to have a decisive influence on orthodontic appliance preferences and acceptability. This paper reports the early application of a newly emerged functional device with enhanced aesthetics in a Class II treatment. Patient perspectives and technical considerations are discussed along with recommendations for further design development. It can be assumed that the use of thermoplastic material-based appliances may meet both the therapeutic and aesthetic demands of young age groups.
Rigorous Study of the Unbinding Transition of Biomembranes and Strings from Morse Potentials
Authors: Benhamou Mabrouk , El Kinani Radouane , Kaidi Hamid
Published: July 2013

The purpose is an exact study of the unbinding transition from two interacting manifolds (strings or bilayer membranes). These systems have similar scaling behavior, and then it is sufficient to consider only the strings’ problem. We assume that the manifolds interact via a realistic potential of Morse type. To this end, the use is made of the transfer matrix method, based on the resolution of a Schrödinger equation. We first determine the associated bound states and energy spectrum. Second, the exact ground state energy gives the free energy density, from which we extract the expression of the unbinding temperature. Third, we determine the contact probability between manifolds, from which we compute the (diverging) average separation and roughness of the manifolds. It is found that their critical behavior is close to that obtained using Field-Theoretical Renormalization-Group. The conclusion is that these analytical studies reveal that the Morse potential is a good candidate for the study of the unbinding phenomenon within manifolds. Finally, the discussion is extended to generalized Morse potential.
Antipoliovirus Activity of the Organic Extract ofEupatorium buniifolium: Isolation of Euparin as an Active Compound
Authors: Visintini Jaime María Florencia , Campos Rodolfo H. , Martino Virginia S. , Cavallaro Lucía V. , Muschietti Liliana V.
Published: July 2013

The antiviral activity of the organic extract (OE) ofEupatorium buniifoliumagainst poliovirus type 1 was determined byin vitroassays with an effective concentration 50 (EC50) of 23.3 ± 3.3 µg/mL. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the OE allowed the isolation of an active principle that was identified by spectroscopic methods (1H- and13C-NMR, EI-MS, UV, and IR spectroscopy) as the benzofuran euparin. The plaque reduction assay in Vero cells was used to assess the antiviral activity of euparin against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 with EC50values of 0.47, 0.12, and 0.15 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, this compound showed high selectivity indexes of 284.9, 1068, and 854.7, respectively. In order to identify the mechanism by which euparin exerts its antiviral activity, the virucidal effect, the pretreatment of Vero cells, and the time of action on one viral replication cycle were evaluated. Results obtained demonstrated that euparin exerts its effect during the early events of the replication cycle, from the virus adsorption to cells up to the first twenty minutes after infection. This is the first report on the presence of euparin inE. buniifoliumand its antiviral activity.
Curcumin Pretreatment Prevents Potassium Dichromate-Induced Hepatotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, Decreased Respiratory Complex I Activity, and Membrane Permeability Transition Pore Opening
Authors: García-Niño Wylly Ramsés , Tapia Edilia , Zazueta Cecilia , Zatarain-Barrón Zyanya Lucía , Hernández-Pando Rogelio , Vega-García Claudia Cecilia , Pedraza-Chaverrí José
Published: July 2013

Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from turmeric with recognized antioxidant properties. Hexavalent chromium is an environmental toxic and carcinogen compound that induces oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of curcumin on the hepatic damage generated by potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) in rats. Animals were pretreated daily by 9-10 days with curcumin (400 mg/kg b.w.) before the injection of a single intraperitoneal of K2Cr2O7(15 mg/kg b.w.). Groups of animals were sacrificed 24 and 48 h later. K2Cr2O7-induced damage to the liver was evident by histological alterations and increase in the liver weight and in the activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase in plasma. In addition, K2Cr2O7induced oxidative damage in liver and isolated mitochondria, which was evident by the increase in the content of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl and decrease in the glutathione content and in the activity of several antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, K2Cr2O7induced decrease in mitochondrial oxygen consumption, in the activity of respiratory complex I, and permeability transition pore opening. All the above-mentioned alterations were prevented by curcumin pretreatment. The beneficial effects of curcumin against K2Cr2O7-induced liver oxidative damage were associated with prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction.
On the Impact of Local Processing for Motor Monitoring Systems in Industrial Environments Using Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Delgado Gomes Ruan , Oliveira Adissi Marcéu , Cavalcante Lima-Filho Abel , Spohn Marco Aurélio , Antônio Belo Francisco
Published: July 2013

This paper presents a theoretical study for verifying the impact of using smart nodes in motor monitoring systems in industrial environments employing Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Structured cabling and sensor deployment are usually more expensive than the cost of the sensors themselves. Besides the high cost, the wired approach offers little flexibility, making the network deployment and maintenance a complex process. In this context, wireless networks present a number of advantages compared to wired networks as, for example, the ease and speed of deployment and maintenance and the associated low cost. However, WSNs have several limitations, such as the low bandwidth and unreliability, especially in harsh environments (e.g., industrial plants). This paper presents a theoretical study on the performance of WSNs for motor monitoring applications in industrial environments, taking into account WSNs' characteristics (i.e., unreliability and communication and processing latency). The results obtained through mathematical models were analyzed together with experimental results, and it was demonstrated that employing intelligent nodes with local processing capabilities is essential for the applications under consideration, because it reduces the amount of data transmitted over the network allowing monitoring even in scenarios with high interference rate, paying off the extra latency resulting from local processing.
Does Cryopreservation of Ovarian Tissue Affect the Distribution and Function of Germinal Vesicle Oocytes Mitochondria?
Authors: Salehnia Mojdeh , Töhönen Virpi , Zavareh Saeed , Inzunza Jose
Published: July 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate mitochondrial alteration and ATP content of germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes isolated from fresh and vitrified ovaries. After superovulation, the ovaries from adult mice were collected and divided into control and vitrified groups. GV oocytes were isolated mechanically from each group. Half were cultured for 24 hours and their maturation was assessed. Metaphase II oocytes were collected and submitted toin vitrofertilization and their fertilization rates and development to the blastocyst stage were evaluated. In the remaining GV oocytes, ATP levels were quantified, and mitochondrial distribution, mitochondrial membrane potential, and intracellular free calcium were detected with rhodamine 123, JC-1 and Flou-4 AM staining, using laser-scanning confocal microscopy. Maturation and fertilization rates of GV oocytes and the developmental rates of subsequent embryos were significantly lower in vitrified samples (P<0.05). The ATP content and Ca2+levels differed significantly in fresh and vitrified GV oocytes (P<0.05). Most mitochondria were seen as large and homogenous aggregates (66.6%) in fresh GV oocytes compared to vitrified oocytes (50%). No significant differences in mitochondrial membrane potential were found between the groups. The lower maturation and fertilization rates of GV oocytes from vitrified ovaries may be due to changes in their mitochondrial function and distribution.
The Neural Correlates of Mental Rotation Abilities in Cannabis-Abusing Patients with Schizophrenia: An fMRI Study
Authors: Potvin Stéphane , Bourque Josiane , Durand Myriam , Lipp Olivier , Lalonde Pierre , Stip Emmanuel , Grignon Sylvain , Mendrek Adrianna
Published: July 2013

Growing evidence suggests that cannabis abuse/dependence is paradoxically associated with better cognition in schizophrenia. Accordingly, we performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of visuospatial abilities in 14 schizophrenia patients with cannabis abuse (DD), 14 nonabusing schizophrenia patients (SCZ), and 21 healthy controls (HCs). Participants performed a mental rotation task while being scanned. There were no significant differences in the number of mistakes between schizophrenia groups, and both made more mistakes on the mental rotation task than HC. Relative to HC, SCZ had increased activations in the left thalamus, while DD patients had increased activations in the right supramarginal gyrus. In both cases, hyper-activations are likely to reflect compensatory efforts. In addition, SCZ patients had decreased activations in the left superior parietal gyrus compared to both HC and DD patients. This latter result tentatively suggests that the neurophysiologic processes underlying visuospatial abilities are partially preserved in DD, relative to SCZ patients, consistently with the findings showing that cannabis abuse in schizophrenia is associated with better cognitive functioning. Further fMRI studies are required to examine the neural correlates of other cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia patients with and without comorbid cannabis use disorder.
A 25 kW, 25 kHz Induction Heating Power Supply for MOVPE System Using L-LC Resonant Inverter
Authors: Borage Mangesh , Tiwari Sunil
Published: July 2013

A topology named L-LC resonant inverter (RI) for induction heating (IH) applications takes most of the merits of the conventional series and parallel resonant schemes, while eliminating their limitations. In this paper, fundamental frequency AC analysis of L-LC RI is revisited, and a new operating point is suggested featuring enhanced current gain and near in-phase operation as compared to the conventional operating point. An approximate analysis of the circuit with square-wave voltage source is also described highlighting the effect of auxiliary inductor on the source current waveform. The analysis also leads to an optimum choice of the auxiliary inductance. The requirements of the metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) system in which a graphite susceptor is required to be heated to 1200°C demanding a 25 kW, 25 kHz IH power supply, the configuration of developed IH system, and experimental results are presented.
Photoelectrode Fabrication of Dye-Sensitized Nanosolar Cells Using Multiple Spray Coating Technique
Authors: Chen Chien-Chih , Ting Chen-Ching
Published: July 2013

This paper presents a spray coating technique for fabricating nanoporous film of photoelectrode in dye-sensitized nanosolar cells (DSSCs). Spray coating can quickly fabricate nanoporous film of the photoelectrode with lower cost, which can further help the DSSCs to be commercialized in the future. This paper analyzed photoelectric conversion efficiency of the DSSCs using spray coated photoelectrode in comparison with the photoelectrode made with the doctor blade method. Spray coating can easily control transmittance of the photoelectrode through the multiple spray coating process. This work mainly used a dispersant with help of ultrasonic oscillation to prepare the required nano-TiO2solution and then sprayed it on the ITO glasses. In this work, a motor-operated conveyor belt was built to transport the ITO glasses automatically for multiple spray coating and drying alternately. Experiments used transmittance of the photoelectrode as a fabrication parameter to analyze photoelectric conversion efficiency of the DSSCs. The influencing factors of the photoelectrode transmittance during fabrication are the spray flow rate, the spray distance, and the moving speed of the conveyor belt. The results show that DSSC with the photoelectrode transmittance of ca. 68.0 ± 1.5% and coated by the spray coating technique has the best photoelectric conversion efficiency in this work.
Comparative Effectiveness of Darunavir 1,200 mg Daily and Approved Dosing Strategies for Protease Inhibitor-Experienced Patients
Authors: Mikula James M. , Hsiao Chiu-Bin , Sawyer Joshua R. , Ma Qing , Morse Gene D.
Published: July 2013

Background.HIV protease inhibitors exhibit concentration-dependent viral inhibition. Higher once daily doses of darunavir boosted with ritonavir (DRV/r) may achieve viral suppression in place of twice daily dosing. International antiretroviral adherence guidelines recommend once daily regimens whenever possible. We present data on virologic suppression achieved with DRV 1,200 mg and ritonavir 100 mg once daily compared to approved DRV regimens.Methods.This retrospective observational study included all patients treated with DRV after documented use of another protease inhibitor at an urban immunodeficiency clinic. Data collection from inception of DRV use in August 2006 through March 2012 included patient demographics, viral loads, CD4+ cell counts, and resistance test results. The primary outcome of virologic suppression was defined as <50 copies/mL at 24 weeks. Differences in baseline characteristics and virologic outcomes across dosing groups were analyzed via one-way analysis of variance.Results.One hundred and thirty-five patients were included in the ITT analysis. Most patients had no known DRV RAMs at baseline. Virologic suppression rate was not different among treatment groups: 53.6% of patients on 1,200 mg daily, 52.3% on 600 mg twice daily, and 42.9% on 800 mg daily (P=0.568).Conclusions.Darunavir 1,200 mg daily should be investigated for use in protease inhibitor-experienced patients.
Influence of the Deqi Sensation by Suspended Moxibustion Stimulation in Lumbar Disc Herniation: Study for a Multicenter Prospective Two Arms Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Rixin , Chen Mingren , Xiong Jun , Su Tongsheng , Zhou Meiqi , Sun Jianhua , Chi Zhenhai , Zhang Bo , Xie Dingyi
Published: July 2013

Moxibustion stimulates the Deqi (Qi arrival) phenomenon. Many clinical observations have documented that the character of the Deqi was a composite heat-sensitive moxibustion sensation. In this prospective multicentre comparative observational nonrandomized study, 92 patients with moderate to severe LDH were included. This study consisted of two parallel arms (A: heat-sensitive moxibustion sensation group; B: nonheat-sensitive moxibustion sensation group). Moxibustion was applied in the following three acupuncture points simultaneously: Da Changshu (BL25), Wei Zhong (BL40), and A-Shi acupuncture point (tenderness). The adjusted mean total Modified-JOA score showed significant differences between the groups in the first week (10.32 ± 4.27 95% CI [9.23~11.40] versus control group 12.42 ± 5.02 [11.62~13.69],P=0.03). The outcome in the second week also presented significant differences in both groups (7.62 ± 4.80 [6.46~8.77] versus 10.56 ± 4.75 [9.35~11.76],P=0.005). Significant differences were also manifested in the follow-up period (P=0.007). It can be inferred that the existence of the Deqi (heat-sensitive moxibustion sensation) phenomenon in the process of suspended moxibustion is closely related to the curative effect, and arrival of heat-sensitive moxibustion sensation could improve the clinical curative effect of moxibustion.
A Nonlinear Dynamic Finite Element Analysis of Drilling Shaft including Multispan Auxiliary Supports in Deep-Hole Machining
Authors: Kong L. F. , Li Y. , Lu Y. J. , Zhao Z. Y. , Hou X. L.
Published: July 2013

This paper presents a method to enhance computational efficiency of the nonlinear dynamic analysis of the large-scale deep-hole drilling machine. Based on finite element model, the drilling shaft system is constructed into Timoshenko beam element on the basis of flexible rotary shaft so as to increase the accuracy of numerical calculation. In order to save the calculation time and resources, modal synthesis technique is adopted to reduce the feature modal of linear freedom degrees of drilling shaft system. As a result, the accuracy required by the non-linear analysis will not be loss. On the basis of these, the whirling characteristics of drilling shaft system are studied under the conditions of different shaft lengths, and simultaneously, the stability patterns of drilling shaft motion and its stability region are obtained in the selected drilling depth and cutting speed parameters while drilling intersection holes.
Power Generation Expansion Planning Including Large Scale Wind Integration: A Case Study of Oman
Authors: Malik Arif S. , Kuba Cornelius
Published: July 2013

Many options can be effectively used to meet the future power needs of a country in ways which would be more economically viable, environmentally sound, and socially just. A least-cost generation expansion planning study is conducted to find the economic feasibility of large scale integration of wind farms in the main interconnected transmission system of Oman. The generation expansion planning software used is WASP which is restricted in its ability to model intermittent nature of wind. Therefore, a wind turbine is modeled as a thermal plant with high forced outage rate related to its capacity factor. The result of the study has shown that wind turbines are economically viable option in the overall least-cost generation expansion plan for the Main Interconnected System of Oman.
Gram-Negative Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Stimulates Activin A Secretion from Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells
Authors: Abe Yumiko , Marukawa Risa , Tsuru Nami , Sato Maki , Matsuda Hiroko , Sadakata Hisanobu , Kameda Takashi , Minegishi Takashi
Published: July 2013

Activin A is involved in inflammation. The present study was performed to clarify if lipopolysaccharide, a component of Gram-negative bacteria, stimulates activin A secretion from human amniotic epithelial cells and to determine if activin A plays a role in amnionitis. Fetal membranes were obtained during elective cesarean sections performed in full-term pregnancies of patients without systemic disease, signs of premature delivery, or fetal complications. Amniotic epithelial cells were isolated by trypsinization. The activin A concentrations in the culture media were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and cell proliferation was assessed by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation. Amniotic epithelial cells secreted activin A in a cell density-dependent manner, and lipopolysaccharide (10 μg/mL) enhanced the secretion at each cell density. Lipopolysaccharide (10–50 μg/mL) also stimulated activin A secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Contrary to the effect of activin A secretion, lipopolysaccharide inhibited cell proliferation in amniotic epithelial cells. The present study suggests that lipopolysaccharide stimulation of activin A secretion may be a mechanism in the pathogenesis of amnionitis.
Torsion of Wandering Gallbladder following Colonoscopy
Authors: Warfe Sean R. , Dobson Hannah , Hong Matthew K. H. , Ranasinghe Weranja K. B. , Thomas Peter R. , Cichowitz Adam G.
Published: July 2013

Torsion of the gallbladder is an uncommon condition that may present as an acute abdomen. Its preoperative diagnosis can often be challenging due to its variable presentation, with specific sonographic signs seen infrequently. We describe, to our knowledge, the first case of torsion of a wandering gallbladder following a colonoscopy in a 69-year-old female who presented with acute abdominal pain after procedure. This was discovered intraoperatively, and after a subsequent cholecystectomy, she had an uncomplicated recovery.
Normative Findings for Periocular Anthropometric Measurements among Chinese Young Adults in Hong Kong
Authors: Jayaratne Yasas S. N. , Deutsch Curtis K. , Zwahlen Roger A.
Published: July 2013

Measurement of periocular structures is of value in several clinical specialties including ophthalmology, optometry, medical and clinical genetics, oculoplastic surgery, and traumatology. Therefore we aimed to determine the periocular anthropometric norms for Chinese young adults using a noninvasive 3D stereophotography system. Craniofacial images using the 3dMDface system were acquired for 103 Chinese subjects (51 males and 52 females) between the ages of 18 and 35 years. Anthropometric landmarks were identified on these digital images according to standard definitions, and linear distances between these landmarks were calculated. It was found that ocular measurements were significantly larger in Chinese males than females for intercanthal width, biocular width, and eye fissure lengths. No gender differences were found in the eye fissure height and the canthal index which ranged between 43 and 44. Both right and left eye fissure height-length ratios were significantly larger in females. This is the first study to employ 3D stereophotogrammetry to create a database of anthropometric normative data for periocular measurements. These data would be useful for clinical interpretation of periocular pathology and serve as reference values when planning aesthetic and posttraumatic surgical interventions.
Identification and Characterization of Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein H Response Element in the Human Apolipoprotein A5 Gene Promoter
Authors: Song Kwang Hoon , Park Ah-Yeon , Kim Ji-Eun , Ma Jin Yeul
Published: July 2013

The cyclic AMP response element-binding protein H (CREBH) plays important roles in hepatic lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and lipolysis under metabolic stress. Here, we report CREBH as a novel regulator of human APOA5. Knockdown of endogenous CREBH expressionviasmall interfering RNA resulted in the downregulation of human APOA5 mRNA expression in human hepatoma cells, HepG2. Sequence analysis suggested that putative CREBH response element (CREBHRE) is located in the human APOA5 promoter region and is highly conserved in both human and rodent. To clarify whether the human APOA5 promoter is regulated by CREBH, we analyzed the human APOA5 promoter region using a transient transfection assay and determined that transfection of CREBH induced human APOA5 promoter activity. Moreover, it was shown that CREBH directly regulated human APOA5 gene expression by binding to a unique CREBHRE located in the proximal human APOA5 promoter region, using 5′-deletion and mutagenesis of human APOA5 promoter analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Taken together, our results demonstrated that human APOA5 is directly regulated by CREBHviaCREBHRE and provided a new insight into the role of this liver-specific bZIP transcription factor in lipoprotein metabolism and triglyceride homeostasis.
Imaging Characteristics of Occipital Bone Osteoblastoma
Authors: Alli Adam , Johnson Philip , Reeves Alan
Published: July 2013

Osteoblastoma is a rare benign tumor of the calvarium. We present the case of a 20-year-old female with occipital osteoblastoma and discussion of imaging modalities of calvarial osteoblastoma. To our knowledge, this is the ninth reported case of occipital osteoblastoma. Imaging characterization of osteoblastoma may vary. Plain radiograph, CT, MRI, and CT angiography establish osteoblastoma characterization and vascular supply prior to surgical resection.
Nonoperative Treatment of Distal Biceps Brachii Musculotendinous Partial Rupture: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: López-Zabala I. , Fernández-Valencia J. A.
Published: July 2013

Musculotendinous ruptures of the distal biceps brachii are extremely rare injuries whose clinical presentation is similar to distal biceps avulsion. We describe two cases of patients who suffered a distal biceps brachii musculotendinous partial rupture. The first patient was playing soccer as goalkeeper and experienced sudden pain while throwing the ball overhead with his left arm. The second patient experienced sudden pain while weightlifting with his right arm. The mechanism of injury was the same in the two cases, as both involved glenohumeral elevation with elbow extension and forearm supination. Neither of these two patients underwent surgical repair or rehabilitation, and both had perfect scores of 100 on the Mayo Clinic Performance Index for the Elbow at one-year followup.
Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Vahdatpour Babak , Alizadeh Farshid , Moayednia Amir , Emadi Masoud , Khorami Mohammad Hatef , Haghdani Saeid
Published: July 2013

Objectives. To investigate the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) for symptoms alleviation in chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). Materials and Methods. 40 patients with CPPS were randomly allocated into either the treatment or sham group. In the first group, patients were treated by ESWT once a week for 4 weeks by a defined protocol. In the sham group, the same protocol was applied but with the probe being turned off. The follow-up assessments were done at 1, 2, 3, and 12 weeks by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain and NIH-developed Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI). Results. Pain domain scores at follow-up points in both treatment and sham groups were reduced, more so in the treatment group, which were significant at weeks 2, 3, and 12. Urinary scores became significantly different at weeks 3 and 12. Also, quality of life (QOL) and total NIH-CPSI scores at all four follow-up time points reduced more significantly in the treatment group as compared to the sham group. Noticeably, at week 12 a slight deterioration in all variables was observed compared to the first 3 weeks of the treatment period. Conclusions. our findings confirmed ESWT therapy as a safe and effective method in CPPS in short term.
EPR Oxygen Images Predict Tumor Control by a 50% Tumor Control Radiation Dose
Authors: Elas Martyna , Magwood Jessica M. , Butler Brandi , Li Chanel , Wardak Rona , DeVries Rebekah , Barth Eugene D. , Epel Boris , Rubinstein Samuel , Pelizzari Charles A. , Weichselbaum Ralph R. , Halpern Howard J.
Published: July 2013

Clinical trials to ameliorate hypoxia as a strategy to relieve the radiation resistance it causes have prompted a need to assay the precise extent and location of hypoxia in tumors. Electron paramagnetic resonance oxygen imaging (EPR O2 imaging) provides a noninvasive means to address this need. To obtain a preclinical proof-of-principle that EPR O2 images could predict radiation control, we treated mouse tumors at or near doses required to achieve 50% control (TCD50). Mice with FSa fibrosarcoma or MCa4 carcinoma were subjected to EPR O2 imaging and immediately radiated to a TCD50 or TCD50 ± 10 Gy. Statistical analysis was permitted by collection of approximately 1,300 tumor pO2 image voxels, including the fraction of tumor voxels with pO2 less than 10 mm Hg (HF10). Tumors were followed for 90 days (FSa) or 120 days (MCa4) to determine local control or failure. HF10 obtained from EPR images showed statistically significant differences between tumors that were controlled by the TCD50 and those that were not controlled for both FSa and MCa4. Kaplan–Meier analysis of both types of tumors showed that approximately 90% of mildly hypoxic tumors were controlled (HF10%< 10%), and only 37% (FSA) and 23% (MCa4) tumors controlled if hypoxic. EPR pO2 image voxel distributions in these approximately 0.5 mL tumors provide a prediction of radiation curability independent of radiation dose. These data confirm the significance of EPR pO2 hypoxic fractions. The 90% control of low HF10 tumors argue that 0.5 mL subvolumes of tumors may be more sensitive to radiation and may need less radiation for high tumor control rates. Cancer Res; 73(17); 5328–35. ©2013 AACR.
No Effect of Exercise on Urinary 6-Sulfatoxymelatonin and Catecholamines in Young Women Participating in a 16-Week Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Arikawa Andrea Y. , Thomas William , Patel Sanjay R. , Kurzer Mindy S.
Published: July 2013

Background: Women with breast cancer have decreased levels of melatonin or its metabolite in plasma and/or urine.

Methods: We measured serum melatonin, urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, catecholamines, and cortisol in 141 sedentary young female participants in a clinical trial comparing 150 min/wk aerobic exercise for 4 months to no-exercise controls. Demographics, health surveys, body composition, sleep quality, fitness levels, and blood and urine samples were obtained at baseline and 16 weeks.

Results: There were no differences between groups at baseline in demographics, exercise, sleep habits, or study hormones. There were also no significant differences between groups in any of the hormones at 16 weeks.

Conclusion: Sixteen weeks of exercise had minimal effects on melatonin secretion of young women.

Impact: There is convincing evidence that exercise protects against breast cancer, but this does not appear to occur through changes in melatonin secretion. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(9); 1634–6. ©2013 AACR.
AZD3514: A Small Molecule That Modulates Androgen Receptor Signaling and Function In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Loddick Sarah A. , Ross Sarah J. , Thomason Andrew G. , Robinson David M. , Walker Graeme E. , Dunkley Tom P.J. , Brave Sandra R. , Broadbent Nicola , Stratton Natalie C. , Trueman Dawn , Mouchet Elizabeth , Shaheen Fadhel S. , Jacobs Vivien N. , Cumberbatch Marie , Wilson Joanne , Jones Rhys D.O. , Bradbury Robert H. , Rabow Alfred , Gaughan Luke , Womack Chris , Barry Simon T. , Robson Craig N. , Critchlow Susan E. , Wedge Stephen R. , Brooks A. Nigel
Published: July 2013

Continued androgen receptor (AR) expression and signaling is a key driver in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after classical androgen ablation therapies have failed, and therefore remains a target for the treatment of progressive disease. Here, we describe the biological characterization of AZD3514, an orally bioavailable drug that inhibits androgen-dependent and -independent AR signaling. AZD3514 modulates AR signaling through two distinct mechanisms, an inhibition of ligand-driven nuclear translocation of AR and a downregulation of receptor levels, both of which were observed in vitro and in vivo. AZD3514 inhibited testosterone-driven seminal vesicle development in juvenile male rats and the growth of androgen-dependent Dunning R3327H prostate tumors in adult rats. Furthermore, this class of compound showed antitumor activity in the HID28 mouse model of CRPC in vivo. AZD3514 is currently in phase I clinical evaluation. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(9); 1715–27. ©2013 AACR.