bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Rice By-Products Based Hair Tonic Mixed with Traditional Thai Herbal Extracts: A Sustainable Approach for Hair Care
Authors: Somboonwatthanakul Issaraporn , Deeseenthum Sirirat , Saengha Worachot , Luang-In Vijitra
Published: April 2024

Previously, byproducts from Thai rice mill industry including crude riceberry oil (CRO) and broken riceberry (BRB) showed antioxidant and tyrosinase-stimulating activities. This work aimed to develop 5 hair tonic formulae by mixing CRO (0.2-1.0%) and BRB (0.4-2.0%) with three Thai traditional herbal ethanolic extracts (2.0%) of Catunaregam tomentosa (CT), Acacia concinna (AC) and Tinospora crispa (TC) in 4:3:3 (v/v). The results showed that formula 5 (F5) containing 2% BRB, 1.0% CRO and 2% herbal extracts exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (DPPH scavenging capacity at 16.6 TEAC mg/g, FRAP value at 1.18 FeSO4 mg/g, and ABTS value at 14.9 TEAC mg/g) and tyrosinase-stimulating activity of 38%. This hair tonic was safe to use based on skin irritation test, and stable over 8-week storage at room temperature. Hence, F5 hair tonic (coded (R)) was tested on 20 subjects divided in 2 groups (older and younger age groups) with 10 individuals each in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental design with split-head method where treatments were conducted as intra-individual trial for 10, 20 and 30 days. The hair tonic coded C (Control without BRB, CRO or herbal extracts) and the commercial hair tonic coded G were tested for comparison. Adverse reactions were not noticed during the study. The hair tonic R was able to reduce hair loss by 48-71% in 2 groups with no significant difference from the commercial hair tonic. In comparison with the efficacy in the reduction of gray hair of the 2 groups at each time interval, the 2experimental (R) hair tonic product was found to be more effective in group 2 (younger age). However, the efficacy in the reduction of gray hair was lower than that in the reduction of hair loss. The experimental hair tonic R was more effective in dandruff reduction in group 1 (older age). The R hair tonic product received a satisfactory score of 6.79±0.32 out of 9.0 (moderate-to-high likeness) with the highest score from the aroma and the lowest score from the opaque color resulting from mixing aqueous herbal extract and oil. This is a sustainable way to add value to byproducts from rice mill industry and Thai traditional herbs as cosmetic elements in the formulation of hair products.
Insilico Assessment of Phytoconstituents in Myxopyrum Smilacifolium Blume against Arthritis
Authors: Peeriga Raveesha , Arabath S.A. Mohamed Shiek , Manubolu Krishnaveni , Thelappilly Bency Baby , Yarlagadda Lakshmi Chakradhar
Published: April 2024

Myxopyrum smilacifolium Blume geographical occurrence is southern part of India and its usage for the treatment of various diseases has been marked in Traditional Medicine. The present study was aimed to examine the phytoconstituents in Myxopyrum smilacifolium Blume for antiarthritic activity by insilico approach. Antiarthritic activity of phytoconstituents in Myxopyrum smilacifolium Blume was performed by using software Autodock 4.0. For each phytoconstituents the pharmacokinetic parameters are also assessed by online tools. The study revealed that phytocompounds, Arenarioside, Verbascoside and Myxopyroside showed docking score of about -16.4 kcal/mol, -10.6kcal/mol and -6.5 kcal/mol comparatively high when compared with the docking score of standard Ibuprofen of about -6.2 kcal/mol. It had proven to posses the inhibition activity against inflammatory mediator as it shown a good binding affinity between ligand and the receptor site COX-2. The evaluated pharmacokinetic parameters of the only 3 phytoconstituents obeyed Lipinski’s rule of 5. Arenarioside, Verbascoside and Myxopyroside are the phytoconstituents of Myxopyrum smilacifolium Blume shown high docking score and it can be explored further for SAR and simulation studies are needed to ensure the antiarthritic activity.
Modulation of Immune Response from FiberCreme-VCO Based Supplementation in Immunosuppressed Rats
Authors: Wulansari Devyani Diah , Winarni Dwi , Sapei Lanny , Gondokesumo Marisca Evalina , Susilo Raden Joko Kuncoroningrat , Indrawanto Rochmad , Putri Rhaesfaty Galih , Hayaza Suhailah , Fithriyah Rizqiyatul
Published: April 2024

Immunomodulators are substances that have the ability to influence the human immune system. FiberCreme is a commercial non-dairy food high in oligosaccharides, which are difficult to digest. Combination of FiberCreme and VCO (FC-VCO) considered to possess high value of bioavailability in body. This study was aimed to determine immunomodulation effect of FiberCreme-VCO against immunosuppressed rats. This study used male rat (Rattus novergicus) which was induced by doxorubicin twice a week for seven days. Treatment by FC-VCO was then administered orally for 14 days. Whole blood and spleen were collected and analyzed based on immunomodulator parameters such as spleen weight, body weight, IL-6, TNF-α, and INF-γ levels, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and the percentage of FOXP3. Statistical analysis was determined by GraphPad Prism software (version 9: San Diego, CA, USA). Regardless of dosage, FC-VCO did not improve body weight or lymphatic weight appreciably. In contrast to the negative group, FC-VCO supplementation at a dose of 6 mg/kgBW was able to raise CD4+ levels, and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). IFN-γ levels were also increased by FC-VCO at a dose of 9 mg/kgBW, and these differences were statistically significant (p <0.05) when compared to the negative group. Since FC-VCO affects the roles and responsibilities of CD4+ and IFN-γ in immunosuppressive situations, it can strengthen the immune system.
The In Vitro Assessment of Antidiabetic Activity of the Plant Extracts Obtained from Portulacaria afra Jack. Grown under Concurrent Extreme Temperatures and Water-deficit Conditions
Authors: Adeleye Oluwafunbi Christianah , Risenga Ida Masana
Published: April 2024

The escalating global prevalence of diabetes mellitus presents a significant health concern, prompting exploration into alternative treatments. Recent research highlights the efficacy of newly developed bioactive medications sourced from plants in managing diabetes, surpassing currently used oral hypoglycemic drugs. Medicinal plants' therapeutic characteristics are from secondary metabolites and are greatly influenced by environmental factors. This study investigated the antidiabetic properties of Portulacaria afra, using various extraction solvents under different temperature settings with water deficit conditions, using an in vitro model. Aqueous, methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts from leaf, stem, and root were evaluated for antidiabetic potential under different treatments. Overall, extracts substantially increased in antidiabetic capacity compared to control samples. Aqueous leaf extracts at mid-range cold temperatures (10/15ºC) demonstrated the strongest antidiabetic activity, with an IC50 value of 2.33±0.832mg/ml after a 96-hour treatment. Under extreme cold temperatures (0/5ºC) with water deficit, ethyl acetate stem extracts showed the highest inhibitory action (IC50 2.85±0.111mg/ml). Aqueous stem extracts under hot temperatures showed the strongest inhibitory activity (IC50 1.70±0.666mg/ml) after a 48-hour treatment. Notably, the study provides the first data on the antidiabetic potential of P. afra's leaf, stem, and root extracts, particularly under temperature and water deficit conditions. This could be useful as leads worthy for further drug development against diabetes and related symptoms. The observed α-amylase inhibitory activity in aqueous and ethyl acetate stem extracts is most likely due to the polar compounds, establishing a foundation for future investigations.
Effect of Breadfruit (Artocarpus Altilis) Leaf Extract on Blood Pressure in Obese Adults in Makassar, Indonesia
Authors: Jariah Ainun , Jafar Nurhaedar , Bahar Burhanuddin , Salam Abdul , Wahiduddin Wahiduddin , Amiruddin Ridwan
Published: April 2024

Background: Obesity has become a global public health and nutrition problem. Obese people will have a variety of diseases, one of which is high blood pressure. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of breadfruit leaf extract on blood pressure in obese adults in Makassar City. Methods: An experimental study was conducted involving a double-blind, randomized controlled trial with pretest and posttest assessments, which included 36 obese respondents. The intervention group received breadfruit leaf extract in the methodology, while the control group received a placebo capsule. Blood pressure was monitored using a digital tension device. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 13, including paired tests, independent tests, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were lower in the intervention control group before and after the intervention (p=0.015 and 0.018) with a difference (p=0.105) (p>0.05) of -3 systole and -3.5 diastole. Mean analysis for the intervention and control groups in systolic blood pressure revealed a p-value of 0.628, signifying no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). While the control group's systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and after the intervention (p=0.007 and 0.003) (0.05) showed a difference (p=0.271) (p>0.05) with a decrease in the control group's systole -8.39 and diastole -3.22, there was no statistically significant difference between the two intervention and control groups—only a decrease. Conclusion: Giving breadfruit leaf extract capsules to the intervention group with obese respondents and high blood pressure showed a decrease in blood pressure after giving breadfruit leaf extract capsules. People with high blood pressure can consume breadfruit leaf decoction or extract.
Assessing Heart Rate Variability and Pulse Rate Variability Patterns in Cardiac Patients: Exploring the Utility of Photoplethysmography and Electrocardiography
Authors: Farhan Amr , Mouhsen Azeddine , Labakoum Badreddine , Rattal Mourad , Lyazidi Aissam
Published: April 2024

The measure of cardiac variability (HRV) is considered an accurate diagnostic method to identify autonomic dysfunction. The heart rate influences the pulse. Therefore, pulse rate variability (PRV), like HRV, precisely indicates autonomic nervous system tone. The research investigates the correlation between HRV for the ECG signal and PRV in a cardiac patient. Method and Materials: 53 electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals for 8 minutes from the PhysioNet BIDMC PPG and Respiration Dataset were used. Afterward, the PRV from PPG and the R-R interval calculated independently using Acqknowledge software were used to estimate the ECG and get HRV characteristics. Results: According to the results, there was a strong correlation between the R-R interval for PRV (694.49 ± 112.98ms) and HRV (695.60 ± 112.97ms) (r=0.99). For all linear parameters for both domains, frequency and time of HRV and PRV, there was a significant positive correlation: HFnu (r =0.99), HF Power (r =1), LFnu (r = 0.99), LF Power (r = 1), RMSSD (r = 0.99), SDNN (r = 0.99), NN50 (r = 0.99), and pNN50 (r =0.99). The Bland & Altman plot demonstrated a high level of agreement among approaches for all parameters. Conclusion: According to the finding, which showed a high level of agreement because it provides values similar to PRV and HRV for all parameters, the idea of PRV rather than HRV can be used to assess sympathovagal regulation in a broad community-based investigation alongside HRV under various clinical circumstances.
Association of MTHFD1 G1958A, MTHFD1 T401C and CBS 844ins68bp with Breast Cancer in Jordan
Authors: Ameigaal Samira Daw , K. Alkaraki Almuthanna , Sadiq May Fouad
Published: April 2024

MTHFD1 and CBS genes have key roles in folate and homocysteine metabolism. Many studies reported an association between cancer pathogenesis and different functional SNPs of genes involved in the main folate metabolism and the transsulfuration pathway. The current population-based, case-control study examined the association between MTHFD1 G1958A, MTHFD1 T401C, and the CBS 844ins68 insertion with breast cancer (BC) risk in Jordanian women. The studied population included 200 female BC subjects and age-matched female controls. The targeted genotypes MTHFD1 G1958A and MTHFD1 T401C were amplified via PCR followed by subsequent digestion with the proper restriction enzyme (PCR-RFLP), while the insertion/deletion of CBS844ins68bp was visualized and scored directly after gel electrophoresis. Results showed that the examined individual alleles and genotypes of MTHFD 1958A, MTHFD1 401C, and CBS844ins68bp per se were not associated with risk of BC compared with their wild-type genotypes and alleles.
The Protective Effect of Indole Alkaloid Vincanine Against Hypoxia-Induced Vasorelaxation Model of Rat Aorta
Authors: Mirzayeva Yulduzkhon T. , Zaripov Abdisalim A. , Zhumaev Inoyat Z. , Usmanov Pulat B. , Rustamov Shavkat Yu. , Boboev Sadriddin N. , Qurbonova Shakhnoza B. , Ibragimov Eldor B. , Musaeva Madina K. , Sobirov Sardor B. , Adizov Shahobiddin M.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Using conventional organ bath procedures, the current study sought to determine how vincanine hydrochloride affected vasorelaxation brought on by hypoxia in rat aortic rings. Methods: To induce hypoxia, we used a glucose-free Krebs solution that was infused with 95% N2 and 5% CO2. After 60 minutes of hypoxia, the effect of vincanine was evaluated on aortic rings that were precontracted with either 50 mM KCl or 1 µM phenylephrine (PE). The effect of vincanine was more noticeable in aortic rings that had been precontracted by PE as opposed to KCl. Additionally, when verapamil, a blocker of L-type VDCCs, was preincubated with endothelium-intact aortic rings and KCI was used for precontraction, the effect of vincanine on hypoxia-induced vasorelaxation was significantly reduced. Results: Vincanine inhibited hypoxia-induced vasorelaxation in aortic rings precontracted with PE in a calcium-free buffer. Furthermore, the presence of glibenclamide, a specific inhibitor of ATP-sensitive K+-channels (KATP), and tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA), a nonspecific inhibitor of calcium-activated large conductance K+-channels (BKca), significantly reduced the effect of vincanine on hypoxia-induced vasorelaxation. The removal of the endothelium also had a significant impact on the effect of vincanine on hypoxia-induced vasorelaxation. Conclusion: The present findings showed that alkaloid vincanine isolated from the leaves of Vinca minor H. significantly abolished the hypoxia-induced vasorelaxation in rat aorta. The obtained results suggest that vincanine may protect the rat aorta against hypoxic injuries in the vasculature.
Genetic Polymorphisms at BcL11A Sites rs10184550 and rs7599488 in Sudanese Sickle Cell Patients
Authors: Mustafa Arwa , Hassan Fathelrahman Mahdi , Ahmed Abdelgadir , Yousif Mawadah , Elbager Sahar G , Gaffer Ahmed
Published: April 2024

Background: BCL11A is associated with HbF in many populations with different variants of polymorphisms, our study aimed to estimate the prevalence Bcl11a polymorphisms and its association with HbF in Sudanese sickle cell patients Materials and methods: This study was done in Jafar Ibn Ouf Children's Hospital from March to August 2019 DNA was extracted using the phenol-chloroform technique, the Bcl11A was processed for (rs10184550), and (rs7599488) Sanger sequencing was used to detect polymorphisms after the purification of DNA. Results: A total of 21 were successfully sequenced, 21 were screened for SNPs (rs10184550) while 7 patients were screened for both BCL11A (rs10184550) and (rs7599488) polymorphisms. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs10184550) 16 (76.2%) were males and 5 (23.8%) were females with a mean age of 6.6± 2.9 years (range 2-12 years), The mean HbF level was 16.9±6.6%. For rs10184550 polymorphisms, out of 21 patients, 11 /21 (52%) patients had the “A” allele, and 10/21 (48%) patients had the “G” allele. For, rs7599488, the “T” allele was detected in 1/7 (14%) patients. In comparison, the “C” allele was detected in 6/7 (86%) patients. Out of 7 patients who screened for BCL11A (rs10184550) and (rs7599488) polymorphisms, 6 patients have rs10184550 “G” allele and rs7599488 “C” allele, while one patient had rs10184550 “A” allele and rs7599488 “C” allele. Furthermore, patients with allele “A” rs10184550 have a significantly higher mean HbF level than patients with the “G” allele (20.1± 6.2 vs 13.43± 5.5, p =0.01 Conclusion: Bcl11 polymorphism is associated with high haemoglobin F in Sudanese sickle cell patients.
Clinical, Molecular Subgroups and Survival Rates Finding of Childhood Medulloblastoma: A Ten Years Moroccan Experience in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Center.
Authors: Mohamed Jaafari , Cherradi Nadia
Published: April 2024

Background: In Morocco, medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in children. There is a deficiency of epidemiological information and typical characteristics of this pathology. Methods: In this retrospective study, we investigated 41 cases of MB diagnosed and treated at Rabat's University Hospital Ibn Sina from January 2010 until December 2019. Each patient underwent histological classification. Only 20 patients underwent molecular subgroups that were determined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers, including beta-catenin, GAB1, YAP1, and P53. Results: Histologically, there were only 3 instances with big cells or anaplastic types, 10 cases with nodular or desmoplasic cases, and 28 cases with classic types.. 6(30%) patients were in the nonWNT/nonSHH, 13(65%) patients and one patient(5%) were in SHH group and the WNT group respectively. After five years, patients who had radiation therapy had the highest overall survival rates (P=0.035). There was a statistically significant P value for the interval between surgery and radiation therapy. Patients who began treatment within 120 days had the highest overall survival rates when compared to those who began treatment later (P=0.002). Patients with metastases also had the lowest survival rates, according to our findings (P=0.001) Conclusions: The study provides epidemiological data about the childhood MB from a single institution in Morocco. In terms of overall survival rates, the results are quite promising. However, there is still a need to reduce the large gap between high and low-income countries and improve survival outcomes. To achieve this, expanding the network of the oncology centers is recommended as well as implementing twinning and telemedicine initiatives.
Effectively Using Infliximab to Treat Pyoderma Gangrenosum in a Woman With Ulcerative Colitis - Case Report
Authors: Telaku Skender , Veliu Arber , Polloshka Aida , Berisha Remzi , Haxhosaj Fatos , Telaku Mimoza , Alidema Fitim
Published: April 2024

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare non-infectious neutrophilic dermatosis and its diagnosis is often challenging. Its pathogenesis remains unclear but in almost half of the cases, there is an underlying disease. The incidence of PG in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in individual studies ranged from 0.4 to 2.6%. Several case reports and studies suggest infliximab's effectiveness in treating PG. This is the first case report from Kosovo of a successful treatment of PG in ulcerative colitis (UC) using infliximab. Infliximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) used to treat moderate to severe IBD. Our patient, a 28-year-old female diagnosed with UC developed PG one year later. Due to technical obstacles, skin biopsy was not collected at presentation therefore the diagnosis was made based on clinical presentation after six months. The lesions were typical, ulcerative with localization in the lower part of the right leg as well as in the left hand. Due to the failure of other therapies, we transitioned to infliximab and in the second cycle we saw improvements. This case shows that infliximab can be used to manage UC and its complications. PG should always be suspected in patients with UC with skin changes. A delay in diagnosis causes the appearance of scars, which affect the overall quality of life.
Erythema nodosum leprosum (Type 2 Reaction) in a Patient with Hansen's Disease from a Tertiary care hospital in Jharkhand: A case report
Authors: Kumar Hansraj , Kumar Subodh , Mahato Sumit Kumar , Singh Harminder
Published: April 2024

Lepra Reactions (LR) are inflammatory conditions with immune mediators that are highly morbid. Patients with the lepromatous end of the leprosy spectrum (BL-LL) are the only ones that develop type-2 LR. 90% of the time, it happens during or right after treatment, usually within two years. Here, we present a type-2 LR case. The sixty-year-old woman who was diagnosed with lepromatous leprosy (LL) after developing a hypopigmented skin lesion six months prior. She was treated twice at our hospital over the course of the previous six months after developing type-2 LR, which manifested as recurrent fever episodes, polyarthritis, erythema nodosum, and mononeuritis multiplex.
Cemented dual-mobility constructs in uncemented revision acetabular components
Authors: Wilson Jacob M. , Trousdale Robert T. , Bedard Nicholas A. , Lewallen David G. , Berry Daniel J. , Abdel Matthew P.
Published: April 2024

Aims

Dislocation remains a leading cause of failure following revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). While dual-mobility (DM) bearings have been shown to mitigate this risk, options are limited when retaining or implanting an uncemented shell without modular DM options. In these circumstances, a monoblock DM cup, designed for cementing, can be cemented into an uncemented acetabular shell. The goal of this study was to describe the implant survival, complications, and radiological outcomes of this construct.

Methods

We identified 64 patients (65 hips) who had a single-design cemented DM cup cemented into an uncemented acetabular shell during revision THA between 2018 and 2020 at our institution. Cups were cemented into either uncemented cups designed for liner cementing (n = 48; 74%) or retained (n = 17; 26%) acetabular components. Median outer head diameter was 42 mm. Mean age was 69 years (SD 11), mean BMI was 32 kg/m2 (SD 8), and 52% (n = 34) were female. Survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier methods. Mean follow-up was two years (SD 0.97).

Results

There were nine cemented DM cup revisions: three for periprosthetic joint infection, three for acetabular aseptic loosening from bone, two for dislocation, and one for a broken cup-cage construct. The two-year survivals free of aseptic DM revision and dislocation were both 92%. There were five postoperative dislocations, all in patients with prior dislocation or abductor deficiency. On radiological review, the DM cup remained well-fixed at the cemented interface in all but one case.

Conclusion

While dislocation was not eliminated in this series of complex revision THAs, this technique allowed for maximization of femoral head diameter and optimization of effective acetabular component position during cementing. Of note, there was only one failure at the cemented interface.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(4):352–358.
Visual perception of highly memorable images is mediated by a distributed network of ventral visual regions that enable a late memorability response
Authors: Lahner Benjamin , Mohsenzadeh Yalda , Mullin Caitlin , Oliva Aude
Published: April 2024

Behavioral and neuroscience studies in humans and primates have shown that memorability is an intrinsic property of an image that predicts its strength of encoding into and retrieval from memory. While previous work has independently probed when or where this memorability effect may occur in the human brain, a description of its spatiotemporal dynamics is missing. Here, we used representational similarity analysis (RSA) to combine functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with source-estimated magnetoencephalography (MEG) to simultaneously measure when and where the human cortex is sensitive to differences in image memorability. Results reveal that visual perception of High Memorable images, compared to Low Memorable images, recruits a set of regions of interest (ROIs) distributed throughout the ventral visual cortex: a late memorability response (from around 300 ms) in early visual cortex (EVC), inferior temporal cortex, lateral occipital cortex, fusiform gyrus, and banks of the superior temporal sulcus. Image memorability magnitude results are represented after high-level feature processing in visual regions and reflected in classical memory regions in the medial temporal lobe (MTL). Our results present, to our knowledge, the first unified spatiotemporal account of visual memorability effect across the human cortex, further supporting the levels-of-processing theory of perception and memory.
From “wading through treacle” to “making haste slowly”: A comprehensive yet parsimonious model of drivers and challenges to implementing patient data sharing projects based on an EPaCCS evaluation and four pre-existing literature reviews
Authors: Petrova Mila , Barclay Stephen
Published: April 2024

Conceptually, this study aimed to 1) identify the challenges and drivers encountered by England’s Electronic Palliative Care Coordination System (EPaCCS) projects in the context of challenges and drivers in other projects on data sharing for individual care (also referred to as Health Information Exchange, HIE) and 2) organise them in a comprehensive yet parsimonious framework. The study also had a strong applied goal: to derive specific and non-trivial recommendations for advancing data sharing projects, particularly ones in early stages of development and implementation. Primary data comprised 40 in-depth interviews with 44 healthcare professionals, patients, carers, project team members and decision makers in Cambridgeshire, UK. Secondary data were extracted from four pre-existing literature reviews on Health Information Exchange and Health Information Technology implementation covering 135 studies. Thematic and framework analysis underpinned by “pluralist” coding were the main analytical approaches used. We reduced an initial set of >1,800 parameters into >500 challenges and >300 drivers to implementing EPaCCS and other data sharing projects. Less than a quarter of the 800+ parameters were associated primarily with the IT solution. These challenges and drivers were further condensed into an action-guiding, strategy-informing framework of nine types of “pure challenges”, four types of “pure drivers”, and nine types of “oppositional or ambivalent forces”. The pure challenges draw parallels between patient data sharing and other broad and complex domains of sociotechnical or social practice. The pure drivers differ in how internal or external to the IT solution and project team they are, and thus in the level of control a project team has over them. The oppositional forces comprise pairs of challenges and drivers where the driver is a factor serving to resolve or counteract the challenge. The ambivalent forces are factors perceived simultaneously as a challenge and a driver depending on context, goals and perspective. The framework is distinctive in its emphasis on: 1) the form of challenges and drivers; 2) ambivalence, ambiguity and persistent tensions as fundamental forces in the field of innovation implementation; and 3) the parallels it draws with a variety of non-IT, non-health domains of practice as a source of fruitful learning. Teams working on data sharing projects need to prioritise further the shaping of social interactions and structural and contextual parameters in the midst of which their IT tools are implemented. The high number of “ambivalent forces” speaks of the vital importance for data sharing projects of skills in eliciting stakeholders’ assumptions; managing conflict; and navigating multiple needs, interests and worldviews.
Developing a competency assessment framework for medical laboratory technologists in primary healthcare settings in India
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Chhabra Gaurav , Sehrawat Kaptan Singh , Singh Malkit
Published: April 2024

Medical Laboratory Technologists play a significant role in delivering quality laboratory Services. The competency assessment of MLTs is a critical driver for enhancing primary healthcare performance. While several countries have developed competency frameworks for MLTs in primary care, such frameworks are lacking in the Indian context. This study aimed to create a competency assessment framework to assess the competencies of MLTs (Medical Laboratory Technologists) working in Indian public primary healthcare facilities. The research followed a five-step process, starting with a review of existing literature on MLTs’ competencies in primary healthcare. Expert consultations were then conducted to establish a consensus on these competencies. Following this, assessment tools were developed based on the literature review and expert input. Another round of expert consultations was held to ensure agreement on the assessment tools. Finally, the developed tools were tested in a public primary healthcare facility. The literature review identified 86 competencies across 11 domains: safe work practices, data/ sample collection, specimen preparation equipment instruments and regiments, assessment and analysis, recording and reporting, infection control, quality management, critical thinking, communication and interaction, and professional practice. Expert consultations resulted in the consensus on ninety-five competencies in ten domains of MLTs in primary healthcare settings. Competencies for each domain were discussed and agreed upon. A competency assessment tool was finalized after unanimous agreement among experts. The competency assessment tool was later finalized after pre-testing on MLTs in a clinical laboratory part of a public primary health care facility. This study successfully developed a competency assessment framework for in-service MLTs in Indian public primary healthcare settings. The framework encompasses ninety-five competencies covering ten domains of MLT responsibilities. It provides a comprehensive tool for assessing MLT’s competencies and identifying competency gaps. The framework can be used to capacitate MLTs, improve their performance in primary healthcare settings, and enhance the delivery of healthcare services in India. It bridges a critical gap in the existing literature and can aid as a valuable resource for policymakers, educators, and healthcare professionals involved in practicing medical laboratory Services in primary healthcare settings.
Obesity-related indicators and tuberculosis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Cai Nuannuan , Luo Weiyan , Ding Lili , Chen Lijin , Huang Yuanjiang
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Obesity is a strong risk factor for many diseases, with controversy regarding the cause(s) of tuberculosis (TB) reflected by contradictory findings. Therefore, a larger sample population is required to determine the relationship between obesity and TB, which may further inform treatment.

Methods

Obesity-related indicators and TB mutation data were obtained from a genome-wide association study database, while representative instrumental variables (IVs) were obtained by screening and merging. Causal relationships between exposure factors and outcomes were determined using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Three tests were used to determine the representativeness and stability of the IVs, supported by sensitivity analysis.

Results

Initially, 191 single nucleotide polymorphisms were designated as IVs by screening, followed by two-sample MR analysis, which revealed the causal relationship between waist circumference [odds ratio (OR): 2.13 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19–3.80); p = 0.011] and TB. Sensitivity analysis verified the credibility of the IVs, none of which were heterogeneous or horizontally pleiotropic.

Conclusion

The present study determined the causal effect between waist circumference and TB by two-sample MR analysis and found both to be likely to be potential risk factors.
Metabolomics approach for predicting stomach and colon contents in dead Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus, Arctocephalus tropicalis, Lobodon carcinophaga and Ommatophoca rossii from sub-Antarctic region
Authors: Mphephu Mukhethwa Micheal , Olaokun Oyinlola Oluwunmi , Mavimbela Caswell , Hofmeyer Greg , Mwale Monica , Mkolo Nqobile Monate
Published: April 2024

The dietary habits of seals play a pivotal role in shaping management and administration policies, especially in regions with potential interactions with fisheries. Previous studies have utilized various methods, including traditional approaches, to predict seal diets by retrieving indigestible prey parts, such as calcified structures, from intestines, feces, and stomach contents. Additionally, methods evaluating nitrogen and stable isotopes of carbon have been employed. The metabolomics approach, capable of quantifying small-scale molecules in biofluids, holds promise for specifying dietary exposures and estimating disease risk. This study aimed to assess the diet composition of five seal species—Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus, Lobodon carcinophaga, Ommatophoca rossii, and Arctocephalus tropicalis 1 and 2—by analyzing stomach and colon contents collected from stranded dead seals at various locations. Metabolite concentrations in the seal stomach and colon contents were determined using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Among the colon and stomach contents, 29 known and 8 unknown metabolites were identified. Four metabolites (alanine, fumarate, lactate, and proline) from stomach contents and one metabolite (alanine) from colon contents showed no significant differences between seal species (p>0.05). This suggests that traces of these metabolites in the stomach and colon contents may be produced by the seals’ gut microbiome or derived from other animals, possibly indicating reliance on fish caught at sea. Despite this insight, the cause of death for stranded seals remains unclear. The study highlights the need for specific and reliable biomarkers to precisely indicate dietary exposures across seal populations. Additionally, there is a call for the development of relevant metabolite and disease interaction networks to explore disease-related metabolites in seals. Ultimately, the metabolomic method employed in this study reveals potential metabolites in the stomach and colon contents of these seal species.
Highly efficient photonic radar by incorporating MDM-WDM and machine learning classifiers under adverse weather conditions
Authors: Chaudhary Sushank , Sharma Abhishek , Singh Kuldeep , Khichar Sunita , Malhotra Jyoteesh
Published: April 2024

Photonic radar, a cornerstone in the innovative applications of microwave photonics, emerges as a pivotal technology for future Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Offering enhanced accuracy and reliability, it stands at the forefront of target detection and recognition across varying weather conditions. Recent advancements have concentrated on augmenting radar performance through high-speed, wide-band signal processing–a direct benefit of modern photonics’ attributes such as EMI immunity, minimal transmission loss, and wide bandwidth. Our work introduces a cutting-edge photonic radar system that employs Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) signals, synergized with Mode Division and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (MDM-WDM). This fusion not only enhances target detection and recognition capabilities across diverse weather scenarios, including various intensities of fog and solar scintillations, but also demonstrates substantial resilience against solar noise. Furthermore, we have integrated machine learning techniques, including Decision Tree, Extremely Randomized Trees (ERT), and Random Forest classifiers, to substantially enhance target recognition accuracy. The results are telling: an accuracy of 91.51%, high sensitivity (91.47%), specificity (97.17%), and an F1 Score of 91.46%. These metrics underscore the efficacy of our approach in refining ITS radar systems, illustrating how advancements in microwave photonics can revolutionize traditional methodologies and systems.
Evaluating health workers attitude towards implementation of maternal and perinatal deaths surveillance and response system in Morogoro region; analytical cross-sectional study
Authors: Kashililika Christina , Bakari Rehema , Moshi Fabiola
Published: April 2024

Maternal and Perinatal Deaths Review and Surveillance (MPDSR) is a technical system which was issued by the World Health Organization in 2013 to help developing countries improve maternal health. The major purpose of the system was to reduce the ongoing high numbers of maternal deaths and perinatal deaths from avertable causes. Tanzania adopted MPDSR system in 2015. The study aimed to assess health workers attitude towards implementation of MPDSR system in Morogoro Region. This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts of Morogoro region from April 27, 2020 to May 29, 2020 involving 360 health workers from 38 health facilities. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. SPSS software version 25 was used to analyze the obtained data. Descriptive analysis was done to describe the characteristics of study participants. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess predictors of health workers attitude towards the MPDSR system. A total of 255(70.8%) of respondents had positive attitude towards MPDSR system. After controlling of confounders predictor of positive attitude were location of health facility [rural (AOR = 0.216 at 95% CI = 0.121–0.387, p = <0.001)], Age group [Below 30(AOR = 0.459 at 95%CI = 0.264–0.796, p = 0.006)] and status of training on MPDSR [Yes (AOR = 4.892 at 95%CI = 2.187–10.942, P = <0.001)]. Substantial number of health workers had positive attitude towards the MPDSR system. Health workers who were residing in rural settings and younger than 30 years were less likely to have positive attitude towards the system. Health workers who had access to be trained about the system were more likely to have positive attitude towards MPDSR system. The study recommends the training of health workers about the system so as to increase their attitude and hence the use of the system.
Effects of working from home on lifestyle behaviors and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey study
Authors: Scoditti Egeria , Bodini Antonella , Sabina Saverio , Leo Carlo Giacomo , Mincarone Pierpaolo , Rissotto Antonella , Fusco Stanislao , Guarino Roberto , Ponzini Giuseppe , Tumolo Maria Rosaria , Magnavita Nicola , Tripepi Giovanni Luigi , Garbarino Sergio
Published: April 2024

The COVID-19 outbreak has led to relevant changes in everyday life worldwide. One of these changes has been a rapid transition to and an increasing implementation of working from home (WH) modality. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of mandatory WH during the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle behaviors, Mediterranean diet adherence, body weight, and depression. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in the early 2022 at the National Research Council of Italy using ad hoc questions and validated scales collecting information on physical activity, sedentary behavior, hobbies/pastimes, dietary habits including adherence to the Mediterranean diet, body weight, and depression during WH compared with before WH. 748 respondents were included in the study. An increased sedentary lifetime was reported by 48% of respondents; however, the subsample of workers who previously performed moderate physical activity intensified this activity. Body weight gain during WH was self-reported in 39.9% of respondents. Mediterranean diet adherence increased (p≪0.001) during WH compared with before WH. The average level of mental health did not record an overall variation; however, the proportion of subjects with mild and moderate depression increased (p = 0.006), while workers who reported values indicative of depression before the transition declared an improvement. These findings highlight health-related impact of WH during the COVID-19 pandemic that may inform future strategies and policies to improve employees’ health and well-being.
Language bias in orthodontic systematic reviews: A meta-epidemiological study
Authors: Mheissen Samer , Spineli Loukia M. , Daraqel Baraa , Alsafadi Ahmad Saleem
Published: April 2024

Background

Orthodontic systematic reviews (SRs) include studies published mostly in English than non-English languages. Including only English studies in SRs may result in a language bias. This meta-epidemiological study aimed to evaluate the language bias impact on orthodontic SRs.

Data source

SRs published in high-impact orthodontic journals between 2017 and 2021 were retrieved through an electronic search of PubMed in June 2022. Additionally, Cochrane oral health group was searched for orthodontic systematic reviews published in the same period.

Data collection and analysis

Study selection and data extraction were performed by two authors. Multivariable logistic regression was implemented to explore the association of including non-English studies with the SRs characteristics. For the meta-epidemiological analysis, one meta-analysis from each SRs with at least three trials, including one non-English trial was extracted. The average difference in SMD was obtained using a random-effects meta-analysis.

Results

174 SRs were included in this study. Almost one-quarter (n = 45/174, 26%) of these SRs included at least one non-English study. The association between SRs characteristics and including non-English studies was not statistically significant except for the restriction on language: the odds of including non-English studies reduced by 89% in SRs with a language restriction (OR: 0.11, 95%CI: 0.01 0.55, P< 0.01). Out of the sample, only fourteen meta-analyses were included in the meta-epidemiological analysis. The meta-epidemiological analysis revealed that non-English studies tended to overestimate the summary SMD by approximately 0.30, but this was not statistically significant when random-effects model was employed due to substantial statistical heterogeneity (ΔSMD = -0.29, 95%CI: -0.63 to 0.05, P = 0.37). As such, the overestimation of meta-analysis results by including non-English studies was statistically non-significant.

Conclusion

Language bias has non-negligible impact on the results of orthodontic SRs. Orthodontic systematic reviews should abstain from language restrictions and use sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of language on the conclusions, as non-English studies may have a lower quality.
É por e sobre nós
Authors: Soares Júnior Glauber , Santos Luiza Eduarda dos , Batista Fabiano Eloy Atílio , Dantas Ítalo José de Medeiros
Published: April 2024

Viver como uma pessoa queer no Brasil é um desafio perigoso. O país é o local onde mais se matam pessoas LGBTQIA+, sobretudo transexuais. Ser pesquisador e pertencer a esse grupo é um privilégio, portanto, precisamos cada vez mais falar sobre nossas sexualidades para que nossa presença nesses espaços se torne cada vez mais naturalizada. Isto posto, escrever sobre nossas vivências é um importante mecanismo que pode potencializar a realização de novas pesquisas como essa, pois nossas vidas e escritas nos pertencem e nos fazem pertencer. Esse artigo traz relatos de vida de quatro pesquisadores queer brasileiros que discutem e analisam, por meio da escrevivência (Evaristo, 2020), tensões interseccionais, relacionadas à homossexualidade masculina, à transexualidade feminina, ao regionalismo e outros aspectos subjetivos de cada um.
Entre a familiaridade e a afetação
Authors: Santos Mateus Rodrigues dos , Rodrigues André Rocha
Published: April 2024

Este artigo apresenta algumas considerações metodológicas sobre uma experiência LGBTQIA+ de produção etnográfica em contextos de festas, reuniões e casas noturnas voltadas para o público LGBTQIA+, nas cidades paulistas de Araraquara e São Carlos. Trata-se de um recorte específico de uma pesquisa de mestrado em andamento que procura investigar sociabilidades LGBTQIA+ nos municípios de Araraquara e São Carlos/. Questões éticas e metodológicas têm ocupado um espaço significativo da pesquisa devido à familiaridade e identificação prévia com o campo e interlocutores. As reflexões sobre estas questões estão articuladas com bibliografias que discutem os temas de familiaridade, afetação e objetividade científica. Espera-se com isso contribuir para a discussão sobre pesquisas antropológicas em contextos próximos e retratar, de maneira comprometida, as subjetividades das pessoas LGBTQIA+ nestes ambientes urbanos.
Feira das Manas
Authors: Castilho Juliana Abrão da Silva , Ertzogue Marina Haizenreder
Published: April 2024

O presente artigo realiza Análise de Discurso (AD) nas manifestações públicas e entrevistas com um grupo de mulheres, pequenas produtoras do ramo da economia criativa, da “Feira das Manas”, que se organizaram em busca de empoderamento econômico e social. A pesquisa se utiliza da netnografia (Kozinets, 2014), da etnografia e de entrevistas semiestruturadas para a produção de dados e dos pressupostos da AD para compreender, para além do dito, o não dito e o sentido do que foi percebido a partir dos dados produzidos. Notamos que são fundadores da coesão entre as participantes fatores como: o empoderamento feminino, a emancipação, a união e a sociabilidade. Os vínculos sociais mantidos no grupo se transformaram em componente central de sua união, mudando as suas vidas de maneira inesperada, redirecionando a atividade da feira e dando sentido para existência das Manas, para além do empoderamento feminino e econômico.
Demarcando territórios epistêmico, cosmológico e geográfico
Authors: Barbosa Thais Viana
Published: April 2024

Este trabalho suscita uma reflexão teórica acerca da recente temática da escrita de autoria indígena. Com o intuito de demonstrar que as produções acadêmicas e literárias dos povos originários são, para além de um dispositivo tático político-discursivo, um desdobramento das dinâmicas entre corpos e territórios capaz de agitar forças epistêmicas, cosmológicas e geográficas. A memória narrada pelas lideranças é a matéria para a elaboração das epistemologias indígenas e de mundos possíveis. De forma que o processo de passagem da oralidade para o escrito reverbera novas formas de territorializações indígenas que tomam contornos de resistência - pela palavra escrita - e, assinalam frente à Ciência, suas cosmovisões, epistemologias nativas e direitos políticos. Assim, é elaborado um conjunto de cosmografias.
Symptomatic and aggressive vertebral hemangiomas in children: features of modern interpretation and treatment tactics
Authors: Malamashin D. B. , Mushkin A. Yu.
Published: April 2024

Objective. To analyze the features of clinical-radiological manifestations of symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas in children and the possibility of algorithmizing their treatment.

Material and Methods. As part of a monocenter cohort, 24 children aged 4 to 17 years received treatment for symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas. The clinical-radiological manifestations of the tumor and the effectiveness of various methods of invasive treatment were evaluated.

Results. Symptomatic uncomplicated and complicated vertebral hemangiomas, corresponding to stages S2 and S3 of the Enneking classification for benign tumors, occur in children with almost equal frequency. For tumors without extravertebral spread, a closed percutaneous vertebroplasty provides stable relief of complaints. For aggressive hemangiomas with extravertebral, including epidural, spread, various treatment methods are used. An algorithm for choosing therapeutic tactics is proposed.

Conclusion. Surgical treatment of symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas should be carried out using a tactical algorithm that takes into account the stage of the tumor (S2 or S3) and the possibility of performing closed or open vertebroplasty, selective arterial embolization and decompression and stabilization operations on the spine.