bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional and Structural Networks Decoupling in GTCS and Its Reorganization by Drugs
Authors: Pei Haonan , Ma Shuai , Liu Zetao , Wang Yuehan , Yang Zhihuan , Li Qifu , Yao Dezhong , Jiang Sisi , Yu Liang , Luo Cheng
Published: February 2022

Objective:The present study aims to investigate the potential disturbance of functional and structural large-scale networks in drug-naive patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) and the effects of drugs-receiving.Methods:In this study, 41 patients with GTCS, including 21 drug-naive patients and 20 patients with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and 29 healthy controls were recruited to construct large-scale brain networks based on the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor image (DTI). The structural and functional connectivity and the coupling between structure and function were further investigated to identify the network features that responded to drugs.Results:Drug-naive patients showed extensively enhanced functional and structural connections compared with controls. Especially, abnormally enhanced connections between the default mode network (DMN) and the frontal parietal network (FPN) were observed. Besides, drug-receiving patients showed similar functional connection strength to that of the control group. However, drug-receiving and drug-naive patients demonstrated similar alterations in the structural network. Moreover, the structural and functional coupling was decreased in connections within DMN and DMN with other networks, and drug-receiving could reverse the decrease.Significance:These findings identified the pattern alteration of structural and functional connectivity in GTCS patients. AEDs treatment benefit for the seizures might originate from the effects of the functional network rather than the structural network. However, it can improve the abnormal brain network by affecting the coupling relationship. The coupling of structural and functional connectivity might be used to evaluate the efficacy of AEDs.
Evaluation of the awareness and utilization of oral rehydration salt and zinc in managing diarrhoea among under-five children in Oyo State, Nigeria.
Authors: Fagbamigbe Adeniyi Francis , Joseph Juma , Owino Alfred , Mogere Dominic , Kariuki John
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Despite the recommendation that a child having the symptoms of diarrhoea must be given Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS) and Paediatric Zinc Sulphate Dispersible Tablets (Zinc) within 24 hours of such notice, Nigeria ranks as one of the highest countries with the negative consequences of diarrhoea in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study seeks to evaluate the awareness and utilization of ORS and zinc in managing diarrhoea among under-five children (U5C) in Oyo State, Nigeria.Methods: Data was obtained from a cross-sectional survey (n=1154) as well as focus group discussions (FGD) among mothers/caregivers of U5C and key informant interviews in Oyo State. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. The primary outcomes were awareness and utilization of ORS and zinc for managing a recent episode of diarrhoea. The level of significance was set at 5%. Data were analyzed with STATA 16.0 and Nvivo software.Results: Nine of every ten caregivers were aware of the use of ORS/Zinc for managing diarrhoea cases. Prevalence of ever-use of ORS/Zinc for managing diarrhoea cases was 5.4% while the prevalence of having diarrhoea recently was 6.2%(71/1154). Of the 71 mothers whose U5C recently had diarrhoea, 41(57.7%) used ORS/zinc to manage a recent episode of diarrhoea. Adjusted odds of using ORS/Zinc to manage diarrhoea was 2.64 (aOR = 2.64; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.18–10.27) times higher among children who are the first births (first-order) than those with fourth or higher birth order. The adjusted odds of using ORS/Zinc to manage diarrhoea was 9 times (aOR= 9.15; 95% CI: 1.99–34.47) higher among mothers aged 20 to 24 years and 3.82 times (aOR= 3.82; 95% CI: 1.02–14.27) higher among mothers aged 25 to 29 years than those aged 30 to 39 years. Having problems accessing healthcare services was also significant. Some of the FGD participants claimed they have used ORS/zinc before.Conclusion: Despite the high level of awareness of the use of ORS and Zinc in managing diarrhoea, ever-utilization is low but recent use by three-fifths of the caregivers is fair. Maternal age, children birth order and proximity to healthcare facilities are the key influencers. There is a need for Oyo State Ministry of Health and other stakeholders to promote the use of ORS and Zinc in managing diarrhoea.
Influence of Work-Roll Grinding Error and High-Fidelity Corrective Grinding in Cold Sheet Rolling
Authors: Patel Akash , Malik Arif , Zhang Feng , Mathews Ritin
Published: February 2022

High-fidelity flatness defects in cold-rolled strip and sheet, arising from highly-localized thickness strain variations, present an ongoing challenge to the metals industry. A primary cause of such defects, based on rolling practice, but for which the effects have not been rigorously investigated, is the transfer of localized work-roll diameter deviations due to roll grinding error. This study addresses high-fidelity work-roll diameter deviation transfer in the cold rolling of stainless steel, aluminum, and copper. Parametric studies are performed on a 4-high mill to examine the influences of roll diameter, reduction, strip width, and material on the transfer of high-fidelity work roll diameter deviations. Studies are conducted using an efficient 3D roll-stack model that predicts strip thickness profile deviations via the simplified-mixed finite element method. Reduction deviations on the outgoing strip, which correlate to strip flatness/shape defects, are quantified and analyzed to understand the transfer characteristics of work-roll grinding deviations relative to perfectly ground (smooth) work rolls. The results reveal that high-fidelity transfer depends not only on roll grinding deviation amplitudes and mill loading, but also on the specific locations of deviations along the roll face length due to 3D bulk roll-stack deformations as well as effective stiffness ratio between the work roll and the strip. Concluding the study is a novel approach to identify customized work roll grinding profiles tailored specifically to eliminate pre-existing high-fidelity strip flatness defect patterns, wherein “corrective” high-fidelity roll diameter profiles account for the predicted 3D mill deflections, contact force distributions, and coupled micro/macro scale deformation mechanics.
4-Bromobenzohydrzide Derivatives as Potent α-amylase Enzyme Inhibitors; Synthesis, in Vitro and in Silico Studies
Authors: Khan Momin , Alam Faima , Ateeq Muhammad , Wadood Abdul , Ali Mahboob , Shah Sana , Alam Aftab , Yousaf Muhammad , Ali Ahmad
Published: February 2022

Current study is focused to synthesize 4-Bromobenzohydrzide detivatives (1-29) and were examined for α-amylase enzyme inhibitory potential at various concentrations. 4-Bromobenzoic acid hydrzide detivatives (1-29) were synthesized via three stpers reaction from 4-bromobenzoic acid. Esterification was done by refluxing in MeOH for 2 hr in the presence of of concentrated H2SO4 till dissolution. In second step methyl 4-bromobenzoate and hydrazine hydrate in excess (1:5) was refluxed in methanol. 4-Bromobenzohydrazide hydrazones were synthesized by the condensation reaction of substituted aryl aldehydes and 4-bromobenzohydrazide in the presence of ethanol and glacial acetic acid. All synthesized derivatives demonstrated good inhibitory activities in the range of IC50= 0.217±0.012-5.5±0.019 as compared to standard Acarbose having IC50 = 1. 34 ± 0. 019. Out of twenty nine (29) derivatives, only five (05) compounds 23 8, 24, 9, and 13 showed less activity than the standard. Results of the enzyme inhibition its self showed that the activity of this library is due to the core structure. The slightly changes in activity is might be due to the different substitutions and position of the substitution. Furthermore; molecular docking study was performed in order to explore the possible binding mode of the synthesized compounds against α-amylase enzyme.
Identification of a novel fully human anti-toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)-1 single-chain fragment variable antibody averting TSST-1-induced mitogenesis and cytokines secretion
Authors: Soezi Mahdieh , Piri-Gavgani Somayeh , Soltanmohammadi Behnoush , Ghanei Mostafa , Vaziri Farzam , Siadat Seyed Davar , Fateh Abolfazl , Khatami Shohreh , Rahimi-Jamnani Fatemeh
Published: February 2022

Background: Staphylococcal superantigens are virulence factors that help the pathogen escape the immune system and develop an infection. Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)-1 is one of the most studied superantigens whose role in toxic shock syndrome and some particular disorders have been demonstrated. Inhibiting TSST-1 production with antibiotics and targeting TSST-1 with monoclonal antibodies might be one of the best strategies to prevent TSST-1-induced cytokines storm followed by lethality. Results: A novel single-chain fragment variable (scFv), MS473, against TSST-1 was identified by selecting an scFv phage library on the TSST-1 protein. The MS473 scFv showed picomolar affinity and specific binding to TSST-1. Moreover, MS473 could significantly prevent TSST-1-induced mitogenicity and cytokine production. Conclusions: Using traditional antibiotics with an anti-TSST-1 scFv as a safe and effective agent leads to deleting the source of infection and prevents the detrimental effects of the toxin disseminated into the whole body.
The effect of reducing dietary energy on performance, intestinal morphology and intestinal peptide and amino acid transporters in broiler chicks
Authors: Mahdavi Reza , Harsini Shahab Ghazi , Piray Ali Hossein
Published: February 2022

This experiment evaluated the effects of two levels of metabolizable energy (ME; 2950 and 2850 kcal/kg) on performance, intestinal morphology, and mRNA abundance of amino acid (B0AT, b0,+ AT, CAT1, and y+LAT1) and peptide transporters (PepT1) in broilers during the starter period (0-10 days of age). This is the first reported in this case in human or animal. Two hundred and seventy day-old male Ross 308 broilers were used according to a completely randomized design with two treatments with nine replicates and fifteen birds in each replicate. The outcome variables were measured at ten days of age. The mRNA abundance of PepT1, b0,+ AT, B0AT, y+LAT1, and CAT1 were assayed using real-time PCR. The results showed that the dietary treatments did not affect feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P>0.05). mRNA abundance of the B0AT and b0,+AT decreased as ME level decreased from 2950 to 2850 kcal/kg (P≤0.05). Dietary energy level did not have a significant effect on jejunal mRNA level of PepT1, CAT1, and y+LAT1 (P>0.05). The use of the different dietary energy levels did not affect the villus width (VW), villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), villus surface area (VSA), and villus height to crypt depth ratio (VCR) (P>0.05). Results of the current experiment confirm that the dietary content of ME affected the expression of amino acid transporters to modulate absorption of nutrients in broilers.
Pedicle screw-rod fixation and pelvic external fixation for the treatment of unstable pelvic ring fracture
Authors: Huang Junqi , Cheng Jiajia , Wang Tao , Shi Bo , Zhang Dingwei , Ye Nan
Published: February 2022

Background Pelvic fracture is often associated with life-threatening damage and mechanical instability. Surgical therapy is a prior choice. To minimize surgical invasion and risk, bilateral screws combined with curved rod were applied to stabilize posterior pelvic ring. Anterior external fixation was to improve the fixation strength. This study was aim to explore the clinical effect of the procedure. Methods From January 2018 to January 2020, 27 patients with posterior pelvic fracture were included retrospectively. There were 12 males and 15 females with an average age of 56.3 ± 14.2 years. The prognosis of pelvis was evaluated by Matta and Majeed scores. Relevant clinical evaluation indications include the time of fracture healing, limb function and complications. Results The average follow-up time was 14.2 ± 5.4 month. Matta scoring standard: excellent in 18 cases, good in 7 cases, the good rate was 92.6%. The average healing time was 8.4 months. The standard of Majeed score in 6 months after operation: excellent in 14 cases, good in 10 cases, the good rate was 88.8%. At the last follow-up, the functional recovery of the affected limb was satisfactory. No deep infection occurred after operation.Conclusion The results indicate that screw-rod system and external fixation is a safe technique. Minimally invasive technology reduced frequency of fluoroscopy. It provides a more simple and safety method for posterior pelvic fracture failed conservative treatment.
Application of Hyperbaric Oxygen Preconditioning to Improve Pilot′s Lower Body Negative Pressure Tolerance
Authors: Mengyu Ma , Ye Liu , Liu Hongjin , Jun Wang , Zhaojun Fu , Dongjun Wang , Liping Wang , Liu Qingming , Jun Zheng , Rongli Sun
Published: February 2022

Objective: To investigate whether the preconditioning of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO)can improve the tolerance of lower body negative pressure in pilots . Methods: Twenty healthy male fighter pilots were selected as subjects .The multiple HBO chamber was used and 3-time HBO exposure scheme was chosen .The chamber pressure was gradually increased to 2.5 atmospheres absolute （ATA） in 10 min and maintained for 65 min （with twice 30-min mask oxygen breathing and 5-min interval .Then the pressure was gradually reduced to 1.3 ATA in 10 min and returned to normal pressure in 5 min after staying for 5 min .Such 95-min test was undertaken once a day （set at 15:30--17:05） and repeated for 3 days .The lower body negative pressure tolerance was measured before and after HBO preconditioned and self-contrasted . Results: The cumulative stress index was significantly increased from(-1353.50±449 .95) to(-1843.50± 522 0.7) by 3 rounds HBO pretreatment （t =11.10，P<0.05） and it indicated that the lower body negative pressure tolerance had been improved . Conclusions: Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning can improve the pilot’s lower body negative pressure tolerance
Quality of Life and Needs in Informal Caregivers of Elderly (ICE): Results From a Prospective Multicentric Open-label French Study
Authors: Pozet Astrid , Darnis Sophie , Bonnet Magalie , Meurisse Aurélia , Dabakuyo-Yonli Tienhan Sandrine , Lejeune Catherine , Fagnoni Philippe , Gaimard Maryse , Manckoundia Patrick , Quibel Clémence , Marchand Mélanie , Anota Amélie , Nerich Virginie
Published: February 2022

Background. Better knowledge on caregivers is required to address their needs with dedicated support. The results from the ICE study explored the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in caregivers of elderly with chronic disabilities, after social intervention or not.Methods. Caregivers of patients (≥60 years) with cancer, neurodegenerative disease, stroke, or age-related macular degeneration were randomized 1:1 in the supportive intervention group (support from social workers and information booklet) or in the control group (information booklet only), and completed questionnaires (short form-36 questionnaire (SF-36), Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), and Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) quarterly (6-monthly for ZBI) during two years. Caregiver characteristics, and caregiver HRQoL assessment through SF-36, HADS, ZBI scores at baseline, at 12 months (M12) and 24 months (M24) on an individual and an aggregate level, were described using paired-t test comparisons, and minimal important difference. Longitudinal assessments of caregiver HRQoL over the two first years were reported.Results. From 2015 to 2019, 179 caregivers supported patients with cancer (n=92, 52%), Alzheimer (n=46, 26%), Parkinson (n=20, 11%) were randomized. No evidence differences in SF-36 PCS and MCS summary scores mean change over time, neither in HADS anxiety and burden ZBI scores were shown. However, HADS depression mean changes showed a clinically significant increase of 1.4 (4.0) at M12, and 1.7 (4.1) at M24 in control group. Conclusion. Appropriate support need to be proposed to improve the global caregiver HRQoL, and reduce depression at 1 and 2 years.Trial registration number: This study was registered retrospectively with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02626377 on 9th December 2015.
Effect of yeast species and processing on intestinal microbiota of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed soybean meal-based diets in seawater
Authors: Agboola Jeleel O. , Rocha Sérgio D.C. , Mensah Dominic D. , Hansen Jon Ø. , Øyås Ove , Lapeña David , Mydland Liv T. , Arntzen Magnus Ø. , Horn Svein J. , Øverland Margareth
Published: February 2022

Background: Yeasts are gaining attention as alternative ingredients in aquafeeds. However, the impact of yeast inclusion on modulation of intestinal microbiota of fish fed plant-based ingredients is limited. Thus, the present study investigates the effects of yeast and processing on composition, diversity and predicted metabolic capacity of gut microbiota of Atlantic salmon smolt fed soybean meal (SBM)-based diet. Two yeasts, Cyberlindnera jadinii (CJ) and Wickerhamomyces anomalus (WA), were produced in-house and processed by direct heat-inactivation with spray-drying (ICJ and IWA) or autolyzed at 50 ºC for 16 h, followed by spray-drying (ACJ and AWA). In a 42-day feeding experiment, fish were fed one of six diets: a fishmeal (FM)-based diet, a challenging diet with 30% SBM and four other diets containing 30% SBM and 10% of each of the four yeast products (i.e., ICJ, ACJ, IWA and AWA). Microbial profiling of digesta samples was conducted using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the predicted metabolic capacities of gut microbiota were determined using genome-scale metabolic models. Results: The microbial composition and predicted metabolic capacity of gut microbiota differed between fish fed FM diet and those fed SBM diet. The digesta of fish fed SBM diet was dominated by members of lactic acid bacteria, which was similar to microbial composition in the digesta of fish fed the inactivated yeasts (ICJ and IWA diets). Inclusion of autolyzed yeasts (ACJ and AWA diets) reduced the richness and diversity of gut microbiota in fish. The gut microbiota of fish fed ACJ diet was dominated by the genus Pediococcus and showed a predicted increase in mucin O-glycan degradation compared with the other diets. The gut microbiota of fish fed AWA diet was highly dominated by the family Bacillaceae. Conclusions: The present study showed that dietary inclusion of FM and SBM differentially modulate the composition and predicted metabolic capacity of gut microbiota of fish. The inclusion of inactivated yeasts did not alter the modulation caused by SBM-based diet. Fish fed ACJ diet increased relative abundance of Pediococcus, and mucin O-glycan degradation pathway compared with the other diets.
The distinct characteristics of somatostatin neurons in the human brain
Authors: Banovac Ivan , Sedmak Dora , Esclapez Monique , Petanjek Zdravko
Published: February 2022

Somatostatin cells are frequently described as a major population of GABAergic neurons in the cerebral cortex, however, a comprehensive analysis of their molecular expression, morphological features and laminar distribution has not yet been performed. In this study, we provided a detailed description of somatostatin neurons in the human prefrontal cortex, including their proportion in the total neuron population, laminar distribution, neurotransmitter phenotype as well as their molecular and morphological characteristics using immunofluorescence and RNAscope in situ hybridization. We found that somatostatin neurons comprise around 7% of neocortical neurons in the human Brodmann areas 9 and 14r, without significant difference between the two regions. Somatostatin cells were NeuN positive and synthesized vesicular GABA transporter and glutamate decarboxylase 1 and 2, confirming their neuronal nature and GABAergic phenotype. Somatostatin cells in the upper cortical layers were small, had a high expression of somatostatin mRNA, a relatively low expression of somatostatin peptide and co-expressed calbindin. In the lower cortical layers, somatostatin cells were larger with complex somato-dendritic morphology, typically showed a lower expression of somatostatin mRNA and a high expression of somatostatin peptide, and co-expressed neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), but not calbindin. Somatostatin neurons in the white matter co-expressed MAP2. Based on their somato-dendritic morphology, cortical somatostatin neurons could be classified into at least five subtypes. The somatostatin neurons of the human prefrontal cortex show remarkable morphological and molecular complexity with substantial differences compared to rodents, both of which imply a unique function in the human brain.
Women’s Awareness Of Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors And Symptoms In Western Iran In 2020-2021
Authors: Babaei Maryam , Salmani Fatemeh , Kariman Nourossadat , Nasiri Saeideh , Ozgoli Giti
Published: February 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate Iranian women’s awareness of warning signs and risk factors for ovarian cancer.Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in Sanandaj and Kermanshah, Iran, in 2020 and 2021. In this study, 1081 women aged 18-70 years were selected as the sample to fill out the electronic version of the Ovarian Cancer Awareness Measure (OCAM) to identify the significant variables of ovarian cancer warning signs and risk factors. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression in SPSS 19. Results: In this study, 60.9% of the participants had medium awareness of the subject. The results indicated that participants with higher educational attainment (P<0.05) and those with a family history of cancer (P<0.001) showed higher knowledge of cancer. The lowest level of awareness of symptoms was associated with acute symptoms such as dysphagia (swallowing problems) most days, persistent bloating, a sense of abdominal fullness or heaviness, and frequent urination. Moreover, the lowest awareness of risk factors was related to the history of IVF treatments and the application of talcum powder to the genital area.Conclusion: The study findings showed that Iranian women have moderate awareness of ovarian cancer and low knowledge on cancer warning signs; this suggests that it is necessary to train Iranian women in order to raise awareness of the signs and risk factors for ovarian cancer.
Multiscale study of temporal drivers of gut microbiome composition in wild redfronted lemurs
Authors: Murillo Tatiana , Schneider Dominik , Heistermann Michael , Daniel Rolf , Fichtel Claudia
Published: February 2022

Background
The gut microbiome influences host’s immunity, development, and metabolism and participates in the gut-brain axis, thus impacting the health of the host. It is a dynamic community varying between individuals and within individuals at different time points. Hence, determining the factors causing this variability may elucidate their impact on host’s health. However, understanding the drivers of variation has proven difficult particularly as multiple interactions occur simultaneously in the gut microbiome.
Results
We performed a longitudinal study to determine the temporal drivers of the gut microbiome in a wild primate, the redfronted lemur. Focal behavioral data and fecal samples were collected for one year in four groups of redfronted lemurs to determine individual social and feeding behaviors. We assessed bacteria, protozoa, and helminths through marker gene analysis. In addition, we measured fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM) concentrations, to investigate the impact of physiological stress. Higher consumption of leaves and fGCM concentrations correlated with higher alpha diversity, which also differed among groups. The major drivers of variation in beta diversity were group membership, precipitation and fGCM concentrations. We found positive and negative associations between bacterial genera and almost all studied factors. Correlations between bacterial indicator networks and social networks indicate transmission of bacteria through social interactions.
Conclusions
Processes occurring inside and outside the host drive the temporal fluctuations of the gut microbiome of redfronted lemurs. Activation of the host’s HPA axis, dietary changes, fluctuations in water availability and prokaryotic-eukaryotic interactions altering the gut environment impacted the gut bacterial communities. Coupled to dispersal processes of bacteria between hosts through social interactions, and the acquisition of microorganisms from environmental water sources.
Serum levels of the inducible 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSPA1A) are a biomarker for breast carcinoma in Brazilian women: an exploratory study
Authors: Boufelli Gabriela , Penteado Laura , Miranda Mila Meneguelli , Filassi José Roberto , Baracat Edmund Chada , Linhares Iara Moreno
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The early diagnosis of breast cancer can improve treatment and prognosis. We sought to evaluate whether the serum concentration of 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSPA1A), was elevated in Brazilian women with breast cancer and whether the levels correlated with tumor characteristics.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, analytical, case-control exploratory study performed at The University of São Paulo School of Medicine. From September 2017 to December 2018, 68 women with breast cancer and 59 controls were recruited. The HSPA1A concentration in serum samples was determined by ELISA by individuals blinded to the clinical data.Results: The mean ages s in the study and control groups were 54.9 and 52.0 years, respectively. The median serum levels of HSPA1A were elevated in women with breast cancer (1037 pg/ml) compared with controls (300 pg/ml) (p <0.001). HSPA1A levels were increased in association with advanced histological tumor grade (p<0.001) and with the cell proliferation index (KI67) (p = 0.0418). The serum level of HSPA1A was similar in women with different histological subtypes, nuclear grade, hormone receptor expression, HER2 status and the presence or absence of angiolymphatic invasion.Conclusion: Elevations in serum HSPA1A in Brazilian women with breast cancer and its association with advanced histological grade and proliferation index suggests that its detection may be of value as a component of breast cancer diagnosis and progression.
Corrective derotation osteotomies to treat congenital radioulnar synostosis in children: results of a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Nema Sandeep Kumar , Ramasubramani Premkumar , Palaniappan Pasupathy , Austine Jose
Published: February 2022

Background
The primary objective of this review is to estimate the rotational correction after corrective derotation osteotomies (CDO) for Congenital radioulnar synostosis (CRUS). The secondary objective of this review is to identify the complications with CDO in CRUS,
Methods
We included studies in the English literature from electronic bibliographic databases Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL, Directory of Open access journals (DOAJ), EMBASE, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PubMed, and Scopus up to December 2020 that determined the effects of CDO in CRUS for two or more cases with a mean follow-up of 1 year or more. We used the National Institutes of health quality assessment tool for case series (interventional) and Modified Coleman methodology Score for assessment of Risk of bias in the included studies.
Results
We pooled 383 forearms (318 participants) from 23 studies with mean age of 6.28±1.75 years. The mean pronation deformity was 72.83±15.640 from 22 studies. The CDO derotated forearm to 10.4±5.900 of mean pronation in 12 studies and 13.47±9.510 of mean supination in 9 studies. One study corrected the forearms to a neutral position. The mean derotation from CDO was 73.13±16.540 (350 supination to 1300 pronation). The overall mean difference was -68.260 [95% CI-86.87, -49.66] of correction favouring supination. There were eight transient nerve palsies and six compartment syndromes from synostosis site osteotomies (4 studies).
Discussion
We had poor-quality studies at a High Risk of bias on the described tools of assessment. We could estimate the directional effect of CDO in CRUS favouring correction from pronation to supination; however, due to the heterogeneity among studies, we cannot comment on the most efficient and least harmful CDO techniques. The single bone osteotomies seem to be efficient, simple, and reportedly low on complications but need evaluation. We cannot define the indications for correction and expected improvement in functional outcomes from osteotomy techniques.
An Energy Management System For Second-Life Battery In Renewable Energy Systems Considering Battery Degradation Costs
Authors: Li Jian-Wei , He Shu-Cheng , Yang Qing-Qing , He Hong-Wen , Zou Wei-Tao , Cao Wan-Ke
Published: February 2022

The proportion of renewable energy sources in the power generation has gradually increased. However, due to the variation and intermittency of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy, energy storage system must be integrated in the microgrid to ensure the power balance between the load and the generating end. At the same time, economic benefits must be considered due to the introduction of energy storage systems. Secondary utilization of power batteries is considered to be an effective solution to the above-mentioned problems. This paper proposes an energy storage management system composed of second life batteries. Comprehensively considering battery lifetime loss costs and system operating costs, and to conduct the dispatch of energy in the lowest cost way. Considering battery degradation, remaining capacity, and cost, and comparing the performance of second life batteries with new batteries. Based on simulation results, the effectiveness of the method is verified.
Design of Experiment (DOE) Analysis with Response Surface Method (RSM) to Optimize the Electroplating Parameter
Authors: Permana Adi , Hardi Purba Humiras , Hasibuan Sawarni
Published: February 2022

Identifying optimum process parameters, their effects, and contributions to the outcomes of electroplating thickness in the electroplating process is very time-consuming and requires high cost. Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) use a traditional approach in determining optimum process parameters that can lead to an inefficient result, such as a high variation in the response. Design of Experiment (DOE) can identify the significant factors in the process, show the correlation of each factor, and determine the optimum process parameter to achieve the targeted response (thickness). The research aimed to use DOE analysis with Response Surface Method (RSM) to optimize the electroplating parameter. It was experimental research using real production part as the DOE sample and Minitab statistic software to analyze the result. The used sample in the experiment was the continuous product order from a home appliance manufacturer. Then, four factors during the electroplating process were chosen: electrolyte concentration, electric current, duration of timing, and surface of the electroplated area. The results show that to reach thickness at 40 microns, it needs the optimum parameter with 5 minutes duration, electrolyte density of 22 Baume, electricity of 5 Volt, and surface area product of 415 cm2. This condition leads to capacity improvement of up to 100%. Hence, it decreases overtime costs and contributes to reducing energy consumption.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATIONS OF PRISON INMATESIN NIGERIA: EFFECTS ON SKILLS ACQUISITION FOR SELF RELIANCE
Authors: Nseobot Ime Robson , Effiong Anietie Imo
Published: February 2022

The study examined the entrepreneurship educations of prison inmates’ in Nigeria: effects on skills acquisition for self reliance. The research design for this study is an Expost Facto design. The population of the study is put at 5629 according to records of the Nigerian Prisons Service, Akwa Ibom State. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 303 respondents out of the population.From the findings of the study, it was revealed that relationship between entrepreneurship educations and skills acquisition for self-reliance among Prison Inmates in Akwa Ibom Statehave a proportional effect on their skills acquisitions. Thesewill become a source of their livelihood after completing their jail terms, foster quickly integration into the labour market and the society and reduced stigmatization of getting a job or enrolling in apprenticeship. It isrecommended that the management of prisons establishments in Akwa Ibom State should give more time and resources to the prisons entrepreneurship education which contribute more to inmates’entrepreneurial skills acquisition.
AWARENESS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES ON COMPETITION ACT 2010 AND MALAYSIAN COMPETITION COMMISSION
Authors: Haron Hasnah , Ismail Ishak , Ganesan Yuvaraj , So Idris Gautama
Published: February 2022

The objectives of this research are to examine the awareness level of Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs) and their knowledge of the CA2010 and of the role of MyCC. In addition, further analysis the level of awareness of SMEs by state, market structures and sectors and also compared with baseline study which conducted in year 2013. A total of 154 respondents involved in this study and the results show that increased in SMEs awareness and knowledge about the MyCC and CA2010. The results showed most of states were aware of the existence of MyCC and CA2010. Meanwhile, in term of market structures, the export-oriented businesses have higher level of awareness of compared than the domestic-driven businesses. The study will benefit the relevant authority to strategies the activities plan to enhance to their service quality and knowledge about the competition act.
Modelling climatic trends for the Zambezi and Orange River Basins: implications on water security
Authors: Chisanga Charles B. , Mubanga Kabwe H. , Sichigabula Henry , Banda Kawawa , Muchanga Manoah , Ncube Lindani , van Niekerk Helena Johanna , Zhao Baojin , Mkonde Akhona Amanda , Rasmeni Sonwabile Kidwell
Published: February 2022

Climate change impacts are dependent on changes in air temperature, rainfall (frequency and amount) and climate indices, which are highly certain. Climate extreme indices are important metrics that are used to communicate the impacts of climate change. The CORDEX African-domain RCM (SMHI-RCA4) run by seven CMIP5 (CCCma-CanESM2, IPSL-IPSL-CM5A-MR, MIROC-MIROC5, MPI-M-MPI-ESM-LR, NCC-NorESM1-M, MOHC-HadGEM2-ES and NOAA-GFDL-GFDL-ESM2M) and two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) were used in this study. The future climate change is analysed relative to 2020–2050/1970–2000 using a multi-model ensemble projection. Selected climate indices were analysed using a multi-model ensemble of CMIP5 GCMs (GFDL-ESM2G, HadGEM2-ES and IPSL-CM5A-MR). The climate data operators (CDOs) were used in merging and manipulating the modelled (RCM) data and ETCCDI climate indices. The Mann–Kendall was used to compute the trends in time-series data at p < 0.05. Results indicate that temperature will increase in the Orange and Zambezi River Basins. Rainfall shows variability in both river basins. The temperature-based indices (tn90pETCCDI, tnnETCCDI, tnxETCCDI, tx90pETCCDI, txnETCCDI and txxETCCDI) were statistically significant with positive linear trends. The dtrETCCDI and wsdiETCCDI were statistically significant with positive linear trends within the Zambezi River Basin. csdiETCCDI and tn10pETCCDI were statistically significant with negative trends in both basins. The change in rainfall, temperature and climate indices will have implications on agricultural production, provisions of various ecosystem services, human health, water resources, hydrology, water security, water quality and quantity. The climate extreme indices can assist in analysing regional and global extremes in meteorological parameters and assist climate, and crop modellers and policymakers in assessing sectoral impacts.
Capacity development for SDG 6.5 on IWRM and transboundary cooperation: opportunities and barriers
Authors: Sabbatini Carla , Indij Damian
Published: February 2022

Capacity development (CD) is acknowledged as a driver of effective implementation of integrated water resources management (IWRM) (SDG 6.5.1) and transboundary water management (SDG 6.5.2). This paper explores the factors that facilitate or hinder CD for these agendas, to describe the roles water CD organisations play in support of these SDGs at the country level and to suggest potential pathways to leverage their work. A survey was conducted to analyse the perspectives of 41 water CD programme managers on their operational modes, strengths, opportunities and main challenges. Selected key informants were interviewed in depth, and the findings were analysed in the light of the literature on CD. The results highlight (1) an array of good-practice activities currently in progress, which provide potential for scaling up to accelerate progress; (2) wide acceptance of the relevance of the 2030 Agenda, even though this does not always explicitly address specific SDGs and (3) the difficulties in making the 2030 Agenda relevant to local communities. Further research is recommended to understand the context- and culturally-bound specifics of CD, to produce more locally sensitive and effective impact assessment frameworks and to adjust support to leverage CD to accelerate progress on the SDGs.
Exogenous PDE5 Expression Rescues Photoreceptors in RD1 Mice
Authors: Zou Tongdan , Wang Ting , Zhen Fangyuan , He Xu , Dong Shuqian , Zhang Houbin
Published: February 2022

Background:

Catalytic hydrolysis of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)
by phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6) is critical in phototransduction signalling in photoreceptors.
Mutations in the genes encoding any of the three PDE6 subunits are associated
with retinitis pigmentosa, the most common form of inherited retinal diseases. The RD1
mouse carries a naturally occurring nonsense mutation in the Pde6b gene. The RD1
mouse retina rapidly degenerates and fails to form rod photoreceptor outer segments due
to the elevated cGMP level and subsequent excessive Ca2+ influx. In this study, we aim to
test whether the PDE5 expression, a non-photoreceptor-specific member of the PDE superfamily,
rescues photoreceptors in the RD1 retina.

Methods:

Electroporation used the PDE5 expression plasmid to transfect neonatal RD1
mice. The mouse retina degeneration was assessed by retinal sections’ stains with DAPI.
The expression and localization of phototransduction proteins in photoreceptors were
analysed by immunostaining. The expression of proteins in cultured cells was analysed
by immunoblotting.

Results:

The exogenous PDE5 expression, a non-photoreceptor-specific member of the
PDE superfamily, prevents photoreceptor degeneration in RD1 mice. Unlike endogenous
photoreceptor-specific PDE6 localised in the outer segments of photoreceptors, ectopically-
expressed PDE5 was distributed in inner segments and synaptic terminals. PDE5 also
promoted the development of the outer segments in RD1 mice. PDE5 co-expression with
rhodopsin in cultured cells showed enhanced rhodopsin expression.

Conclusion:

Lowering the cGMP level in photoreceptors by PDE5 is sufficient to rescue
photoreceptors in RD1 retinas. cGMP may also play a role in rhodopsin expression regulation
in photoreceptors.
Applications of Polarization Transfer and Indirect Detection NMR Spectroscopic Methods Based on Phosphorus-31 in Organic and Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Lopez-Ortiz Fernando , Jose Carbajo Rodrigo
Published: February 2022

This review will analyse state-of-the-art NMR experiments of polarization transfer and indirect detection based on phosphorus-31 and their applications in organic and organometallic chemistry. Triple resonance NMR spectroscopy based on phosphorus-31 as a source of signal intensity enhancement and/or detection, is currently a very well established tool in structural studies. Nowadays, improvements in NMR equipment allow to perform these pulse sequences on a routine basis. Initially, these techniques were developed to measure the chemical shift and coupling constants of insensitive nuclei scalarly coupled to phosphorus, but lacking a J coupling to protons. The main focus was devoted to metal nuclei of organotransition complexes, including the measurement of longitudinal relaxation times. This NMR methodology has been also very fruitful in providing structural information through 31P correlations with more common nuclei such as 6Li, 13C, 15N, and 110. Recent applications of phosphorus-detection cover the correlation of transition metal NMR parameters with chemical properties (catalytic activity, stability constants, reaction rates, etc.), of particular relevance to deduce structure-reactivity relationships.
Stable Isotope Labeled Target Compounds: Preparation and Use as Internal Standards in Quantitative Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Leis H.J. , Fauler G. , Windischhofer W.
Published: February 2022

In this contribution we wish to address some routes to stable isotope labeled compounds, preferrably starting with the intact target molecule, and their use as internal standards in quantitative mass spectrometry. The methods surveyed include, besides others, HID-exchange reactions and reductive deuteration procedures. Oxygen-18 exchange of carboxylic oxygen and phenolic hydroxyls with various catalysts is also covered. Partial and total synthesis is also discussed, predominantly for the incorporation of carbon-13, nitrogen-15, and selected deuterated functionalities. Special attention is paid to the stability of the obtained label to back-exchange, which would preclude the compounds from using them as internal standards.

This review is dedicated to Professor Helmut Gleispach on the occasion of his 6oth birthday and in recognition of his many contributions to the field of analytical mass spectrometry.
Spiroacetals of Marine Origin
Authors: Jacobs M.F. , Kitching W.
Published: February 2022

The structures, origins and biological activities of marine-derived compounds incorporating a spiroacetal sub-structure are reviewed. Such compounds include okadaic acid, the ciguatoxins, the halichondrins, the spongistatins, the cephalostatins, the calyculins and the aplysiatoxins, the structures of which illustrate the highly varied and often complex molecular design produced by marine biota. Synthetic approaches to a number of these classes are discussed in detail, with particular attention given to the
synthesis of calyculin A by the research groups of Evans, Masamune and Shioiri. These
synthetic endeavours emphasise the undiminished influence of natural product chemistry on the nature and direction of organic chemistry. Furthermore, they demonstrate that despite the emergence of powerful methods for molecular structure determination, partial or complete stereocontrolled syntheses are still required to validate stereochemical detail in large, highly functionalised molecules. Finally, these discussions confirm the versatility of modern asymmetric synthetic methodology in tactical molecular construction.
Rhodium-Stabilized Vinylcarbenoid Intermediates in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Davies Huw M. L.
Published: February 2022

This article will give an overview of the reactions and synthetic utility of rhodium-stabilized vinylcarbenoids, which have been shown in recent years to be versatile synthetic intermediates. They undergo highly diastereoselective cyclopropanations with a wide array of alkenes and dienes, and the resulting vinylcyclopropanes are readily converted to other ring systems. Most notable is the reaction between vinylcarbenoids and dienes, which is a general method for the stereoselective construction of seven-membered carbocycles by means of a tandem cyclopropanation/Cope rearrangement sequence. Efficient insertions into Si-H, C-H, N-H and 0-H bonds can also be achieved by rhodium-stabilized vinylcarbenoids. The synthetic utility of vinylcarbenoid chemistry has been greatly enhanced by the recent development of chiral catalysts and auxiliaries that enable this chemistry to be achieved with high asymmetric induction.
Metal-Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution Processes
Authors: Hoveyda Amir H. , Didiuk Mary T.
Published: February 2022

A large variety of metal-based chiral complexes have been developed in the past twenty five years that allow for the effective catalytic resolution of an impressive range of racemic compounds. After the initial discovery of Ti-catalyzed kinetic resolution of allylic alcohols by Sharpless and coworkers in the early eighties, a number of other transformations have emerged that may be used for catalytic resolution. Amongst them are the Ru-catalyzed hydrogenation, the Zr-catalyzed carbomagnesation, the Mn-catalyzed epoxidation, the Co-catalyzed epoxide hydrolysis, and the Ti-catalyzed reduction of C=N and C=0 bonds. Most recently, the Mo-catalyzed ring-closing metathesis has been utilized to catalytically resolve organic molecules in an efficient manner. This article provides a brief overview of these and other major developments in metal-catalyzed kinetic resolution; strengths and weaknesses of various methods are discussed, and different protocols that afford identical or similar optically pure or enriched compounds are compared. Where possible, the available mechanistic paradigms that affords a rationale as to the observed stereochemical outcomes are provided.
lridoids and Secoiridoids in the Gentianaceae
Authors: Rodriguez S. , Marston A. , Wolfender J.-L , Hostettmann K.
Published: February 2022

The iridoids and secoiridoids form the largest class of naturally­ occurring monoterpenes. They are well represented in the Gentianaceae, a family of annual and perennial herbs, and are responsible for their bitter taste. A number of species have reputed medicinal properties; the biological
and pharmacological activities of the constituent iridoids and secoiridoids include cardiovascular, stomachic, choleretic, antihepatotoxic activities and insect attractant and repellant properties. Reference is given to the analytical techniques used for iridoids, with special emphasis on hyphenated techniques involving HPLC. Different categories of iridoids, secoiridoids and their glycosides are also enumerated and their distribution within the Gentianaceae is given.
Benzo[b]furans: An investigation into Natural Products, Bioactivity, and Synthesis
Authors: McCallion George D.
Published: February 2022

Benzo[b]furans have been found to exist in Nature since the late 19th Century. Since that time their investigations have revealed many avenues of understanding their properties. Many benzo[b]furans have exuded bioactivity to certain types of environments which have in turn reveled information that may be of usage to, among others, homo sapiens. But to ascertain more data about benzo[b)furans, interesting Chemistry has also been revealed, particularly in regards to formation of the furan ring itself. This communication will attempt to discuss these three areas and their current directions thereof.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Optically Active 1,4-Dihydropyridines as Calcium Antagonist
Authors: Achiwa Kazuo , Kato Tatsuhisa
Published: February 2022

Since thalidomide shock, it has been recognized that the enantiomers of chiral medicines have the different pharmacological activities, and many chemists have tried to synthesize such medicines in an optically pure form. But most of them were developed and used in clinics as racemates so far. 4-Aryl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic diesters as one example have been used for treatment of cardiovascular disease, and are important compounds which had about 8.5% share of calcium antagonists in 1995 in Japan. We have investigated the asymmetric synthesis of these derivatives. In view of the importance of chirality to pharmacological activity, the present article describes the methods of the lipase-catalyzed resolution and asymmetric synthesis of 4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic diesters.