bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of a Door Alarm on Operating Room Traffic During Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Eskildsen Scott M. , Moskal Peter T. , Laux Jeffrey , Del Gaizo Daniel J.
Published: November 2017

Operating room traffic has been implicated in several studies to contribute to the risk of surgical site infections and periprosthetic joint infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a door alarm on operating room traffic during total joint arthroplasty. This prospective cohort study evaluated 100 consecutive primary total hip and knee arthroplasty surgeries performed by a single surgeon. An inconspicuous electronic door counter was placed on the substerile operating room door. Door openings and time left ajar were recorded. After 50 cases, an audible alarm was placed on the substerile operating room door that sounded continuously when the door was ajar. Door-opening data were then recorded for an additional 50 cases. There was a significant difference in the overall mean door openings per minute (
P
<.001) between the period with no alarm (0.53±0.1) and with an alarm (0.42±0.1). This effect slowly decreased over the time of the intervention, with door openings per minute increasing by a factor of 1.01. The percentage of time the door was left ajar per case also decreased significantly (
P
<.001) with the alarm (6.63%±1.6%) compared with no alarm (8.65%±1.5%). This study indicates that the use of a door alarm can decrease door openings and potentially the risk for surgical site infection. However, the effect is subject to tolerance and may not result in the elimination of unnecessary operating room traffic long term. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(6):e1081–e1085.]
Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography–Guided Management of Cap–Lenticule Adhesion During SMILE
Authors: Urkude Jayanand , Titiyal Jeewan S. , Sharma Namrata
Published: November 2017

PURPOSE:

To report successful lenticule extraction using intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) in a case of cap–lenticule adhesion during small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

METHODS:

Case report.

RESULTS:

A 22-year-old patient with a refractive error of −5.00 −0.50 × 120° and −5.00 −0.75 × 60° in the right and left eyes, respectively, was scheduled for SMILE. The lenticule was created using the VisuMax femtosecond laser system (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). The surgeon experienced difficulty while extracting the lenticule in the right eye. The patient was immediately shifted under the surgical microscope integrated with intraoperative OCT. The lenticule was found to be adherent to the anterior stromal cap, which was seen as hyperreflective spikes in the posterior plane, in contrast to the anterior plane, which showed minimal reflectivity, suggesting an inadvertent posterior plane entry. The peripheral edge of the lenticule was lifted from the anterior stromal cap under direct visualization of intraoperative feedback images provided by intraoperative OCT. The edge of the lenticule, which was freed, was then grasped with microforceps and extracted in toto using the continuous curvilinear lenticulerrhexis technique. At the end of surgery, the intrastromal pocket was screened under intraoperative OCT for any lenticule remnants. One week after surgery, the uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 with smooth, regular interface on anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

CONCLUSIONS:

Intraoperative OCT is useful in cases of difficult lenticule extraction during SMILE because it provides real-time visualization of the lenticule and helps in discerning its relation with the anterior stromal cap and the underlying stromal bed. By using intraoperative OCT and the continuous curvilinear lenticulerrhexis technique, satisfactory anatomical and visual outcomes were obtained.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(11):783–786.]
Comparison of Wound Sealability Between Femtosecond Laser–Constructed and Manual Clear Corneal Incisions in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery: A Pilot Study
Authors: Uy Harvey Siy , Shah Sunil , Packer Mark
Published: November 2017

PURPOSE:

To compare the sealability of femtosecond laser–constructed and manual clear corneal incisions (CCIs) in patients undergoing cataract surgery.

METHODS:

This prospective, randomized study included 62 eyes of 62 patients with cataract grade 1 to 2 (LOCS scale). The patients were randomly assigned (1:1) for creation of either manual CCI (with a 2.4-mm keratome) or femtosecond laser–assisted CCI (LENSAR, Inc., Orlando, FL) (31 eyes in each group) before undergoing femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery. Wound sealability was assessed as grade 1, 2, or 3 (1: need to reform anterior chamber and hydrate wound at end of surgery; 2: need to reform anterior chamber only; 3: formed anterior chamber, no hydration or anterior chamber reformation necessary).

RESULTS:

The nuclear sclerosis grade, cumulative dissipated energy and phacoemulsification time were comparable between the two groups. No complications were experienced in any of the patients. The mean wound sealability for the femtosecond laser group (2.35 ± 0.84) was statistically significantly better in comparison to the manual group (1.32 ± 0.65) (
P
< .001). At the end of the surgery, 22.6% (n = 7) of eyes in the femtosecond laser group needed reformation of the anterior chamber and hydration of the wound compared to 77.4% (n = 24) of eyes in the manual group. Conversely, 58.1% (n = 18) of eyes in the femtosecond laser group compared to 9.7% (n = 3) of eyes in the manual group were observed to have a formed anterior chamber.

CONCLUSIONS:

Femtosecond laser–created CCIs had significantly better wound sealability compared to those created with a metal keratome.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2017;33(11):744–748.]
Text Messaging May Engage and Benefit Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Regardless of Health Literacy Status
Authors: Bergner Erin M. , Nelson Lyndsay A. , Rothman Russell L. , Mayberry Lindsay
Published: November 2017

Background:

Technology-delivered interventions have the potential to improve diabetes self-care and glycemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, patients who do not engage with interventions may not reap benefits, and there is little evidence on how engagement with mobile health interventions varies by health literacy status.

Objective:

This study explored how patients with limited health literacy engaged with and experienced Rapid Education/Encouragement and Communications for Health (REACH), a text messaging intervention designed to support the self-care adherence of disadvantaged patients with T2D. We recruited adults with T2D from federally qualified health centers and used mixed methods to examine (1) associations between users' health literacy status and their prior mobile phone use and their engagement with REACH and (2) similarities and differences in users' self-reported benefits by health literacy status.

Methods:

Participants (
N
= 55) completed a survey, including measures of health literacy and prior mobile phone use. For 2 weeks, participants experienced REACH, which included daily text messages promoting self-care and asking about medication adherence, and weekly text messages providing medication adherence feedback. After 2 weeks, participants completed a semi-structured telephone interview about their experiences.

Key Results:

Participants with limited health literacy were less likely to have used cell phones to access the Internet (48% vs. 90%,
p
= .001) or email (36% vs. 87%,
p
< .001), but equally as likely to have used text messaging and to respond to REACH text messages (
p
= .12 and
p
= .40, respectively) compared to participants with adequate health literacy. Participants responded to 93% of text messages on average and reported benefits of the intervention, including reminders and accountability, convenience and accessibility, and information and motivation. Participants with limited health literacy described a unique benefit of receiving social support from the intervention.

Conclusions:

Text messaging interventions may engage and benefit patients with T2D, regardless of health literacy status. Text messaging may have the potential to reduce T2D health disparities related to limited health literacy.

[
Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2017;1(4):e192–e202.]

Plain Language Summary:

Limited health literacy is associated with less engagement with health information technology, but there is little evidence on how engagement with text messaging interventions varies by health literacy status. This intervention engaged and benefited adults with type 2 diabetes in safety-net clinics, regardless of health literacy status. Participants with limited health literacy described a unique intervention benefit of social support.
Developing and Assessing Media Literacy Through Digital Storytelling
Authors: Dogan Bulent , Almus Kadir
Published: November 2017

Digital Storytelling is an effective tool to develop Media Literacy skills in educational settings. This chapter will analyze and present current research/literature on Media Literacy through Digital Storytelling in regard to developing and assessing media literacy skills. Authors have been implementing an instructional project called Digital Storytelling Contests (DISTCO) since 2008 (http://www.distco.org). DISTCO reached out to more than 10000 K-16 students and teachers over the years. The goal is to relay the experiences on how media literacy has been developed through Digital Storytelling activities with DISTCO. In addition, the current DISTCO rubric for assessing digital storytelling projects is modified to include a version assessing Media Literacy through digital storytelling.
Assessing Multilingual Multicultural Teachers' Communication Styles
Authors: Iskandarova Sevinj , Griffin Oris T.
Published: November 2017

As many educational institutions become more globally competitive, and the number of diverse teachers increases, it becomes even more imperative to avoid what some cultures might deem as inappropriate and unprofessional verbal and non-verbal forms of communication. Those behaviors are sometimes interpreted in different ways, depending on the cultural perspective. Any unwanted verbal and non-verbal actions often increase stress, unwelcomed job pressures, and hinder a positive work environment. At the institutional level where teachers are very diverse, understanding verbal and nonverbal behaviors must be addressed. The researchers propose a methodology which will help multilingual, multicultural teachers' communication styles within the workplace and how to improve cross-cultural team collaborations. Additionally, the information provided in this study allows educational leaders to make inferences about their teachers' team performance and expectations based on their motivation, experiences, and skills used when working with a multicultural team.
A Trans*+ Media Literacy Framework for Navigating the Dynamically Shifting Terrain of Gender in Media
Authors: Funk Steven S.
Published: November 2017

Of the many identity markers that students claim and encounter throughout their educational journeys, none might be more salient than gender. While much of the European Union seems to be sloughing off the gender binary as a vestige of the 20th century, many educators and students in the U.S. continue to reinforce the binary through explicit and implicit strategies that normalize the cisgender condition while othering those who are trans*+. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the entrenchment of the gender binary in the American post-secondary system, to analyze the media frenzy currently addressing trans*+ identities, and to offer a theoretical framework of Trans*+ Media Literacy, borne of Critical Media Literacy, to address specifically how post-secondary educators and students can create gender expansive and inclusive spaces that might foster the growth of students prepared to think of gender representation and media production that challenge the binary and encourage gender expansiveness to flourish.
A Counterpoint on American Education and Media
Authors: Naghiyeva Shahla
Published: November 2017

Coming from Azerbaijan to America as a Fulbright Scholar, I packed as many assumptions as I did suitcases. After conducting my research, I realized that everything I learned while visiting the United States should be shared with my students, to prevent them from some culture shock and to prepare them to be globally-minded, thinking of mediated messages about foreign countries in a critical manner. This chapter is a result of this endeavor, a sort of auto-ethnographical tour through the America that I saw through my positionality as an Azerbaijani woman.
Creating Shared Value in the 21st Century
Authors: Toma Sorin-George I. , Marinescu Paul , Grădinaru Cătălin
Published: November 2017

Companies benefit society by supplying products and services to customers, creating jobs for people, providing incomes for their employees, investing in knowledge or developing communities. The last decades have witnessed significant developments in re-conceptualizing the role of companies in society. By creating shared value, companies consider society as an integral part of their businesses and link economic performance with societal progress. In order to meet this challenge one of their most valuable options is the implementation of the lean management approach. The chapter aims to explore the theoretical foundation of the shared value concept and to exemplify the case of Toyota Motor Company. The research method is the case study. The study shows that there is a Toyota Way in creating shared value.
Improved Regional Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in Eastern Europe
Authors: Voicu-Dorobanţu Roxana , Ploae Cătălin
Published: November 2017

The chapter provides a bird-eye view of Romania's position in view of its development of national and regional entrepreneurial ecosystems, before presenting a hands-on perspective of entrepreneurs in their quest for profit and impact. The methodology relies mainly on a qualitative critical description of the current situation in Romania, based on previous in-depth studies, focusing on public policies and entrepreneurial attitudes. The main objective of the chapter is to provide the reader with a clear view of the possibilities and potential of Romania in terms of developing sustainable, resilient regions, the obstacles it faces in this respect, its quest for more impact investments and its need for a holistic approach to strategic regional development.
Introduction
Authors: Simard Denise A. , Martin Melissa , Mockry Jean , Puliatte Alison , Squires Maureen E.
Published: November 2017

As educators, the authors have all witnessed students cope with academic, social, financial, and familial struggles. However, there seems to be a growing trend whereby they are witnessing students who are feeling an increasing sense of hopeless and inability to persist. Students appear to lack competence, grit, or resilience to work through adversity. This chapter helps readers contextualize the challenges students are facing and how faculty members are gaining the knowledge and skills to learn and understand mental illness, mental health, and well-being in order to improve their ability to serve, support, and educate.
Strategies for the College Classroom
Authors: Puliatte Alison , Martin Melissa , Mockry Jean , Simard Denise A. , Squires Maureen E.
Published: November 2017

College students often encounter situations that may cause them to experience stress and anxiety. The students' response to these situations can impact their mental health and well-being. This chapter discusses the impact of college students' ability to regulate their emotions when faced with stressful situations. Examples of mindfulness based practices that can be integrated into a college classroom are presented as tools to help college students regulate their emotions in order to improve their mental health and well-being.
Corporate Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility in Reinforcing Consumers Bonding
Authors: Setiyaningrum Ari , Aryanto Vincent Didiek Wiet
Published: November 2017

Corporate ethics (CE) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) have been considered as the main determinants of companies' success as well as sustainability for company's viability. Both of them potentially affects on consumer buying behavior. This study aims at exploring the basic issue on CE and CSR. In addition, this study examines whether good corporate ethics and CSR engagement of companies always lead to positive consumer response in the context of controversial tobacco's company. Data collected by distributing questionnaires to the 318 respondents. By means of structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the proposed model, it indicated that the more well-defined of corporate ethics lead to the better evaluation of CSR activities, the more well-defined of corporate ethics and the better evaluation of CSR activities lead to the good corporate reputation. In addition, the good corporate reputation leads to the higher corporate trust, and the higher corporate trust lead to the stronger consumers bonding.
A Case of Phased Retirement in Sweden
Authors: Palm Kristina
Published: November 2017

Gradual retirement has become more common, yet previous research has neglected to study managerial and organisational aspects of phased retirement. Based upon ten interviews, it was found that, when managed successfully, phased retirement is beneficial for both the individual and the organisation. The organisation can successfully transfer knowledge between employees, while the individuals enhance their well-being and obtain a better balance between work and leisure. However, in order for both the organisation and the individual to benefit from phased retirement, managerial action and planning is required.
Communication
Authors: Tran Ben
Published: November 2017

Based on previous research, leadership appears to be enacted through communication in such a way that it contains a relational (affective) and task (content) component. Additionally, when leaders communicate effectively, their followers experience greater levels of satisfaction. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is on communication, specifically, the role of the Johari Window (JW) on effective leadership communication in multinational corporations (MNCs). In regards to the JW, many researchers did not question, and even more practitioners did not realize is that, the JW is created based on a domestic paradigm, and not necessarily applicable to a multinational environment where intercultural and multicultural communication are at play for multinational environment within MNCs. Nevertheless, the JW has continuously been applied to cross cultural studies, without a paradigm shift, utilizing a domestic paradigm (no international cultural factors at play) within a multinational environment (various international cultural factors at play), issue at hand persists.
Emotional Intelligence and Job Stress
Authors: Washington Germaine D. , Shen Libi
Published: November 2017

Substance abuse professionals work with chemically dependent addicts and disgruntled coworkers. They experience more occupational stress and employee turnover than social workers, community support workers, and youth care workers. Three of 37 substance abuse agencies in Kansas City, Missouri have reported extremely high employee turnover rates and occupational stress. How do substance abuse professionals perceive the relationship between emotional intelligence and job stress? What are substance abuse professionals' definitions of emotional intelligence and job stress? How does emotional intelligence affect job stress in the substance abuse profession? Why do higher levels of emotional intelligence reduce people's job stress and improve their job performance? The purposes of this chapter are to explore substance abuse professionals' definitions of emotional intelligence and job stress, and their viewpoints on the relationship between emotional intelligence and job stress.
Emotional Leadership
Authors: Bergethon Katherine P. , Davis Daniel Cochece
Published: November 2017

Although past research readily acknowledges emotions exist in organizations, and even acknowledges that leaders benefit from having “emotional intelligence,” fully understanding leadership's role in addressing the emotional dimension of organizational experience, especially during the typically high emotion situations of organizational conflicts, remains understudied. This chapter provides greater awareness of how leadership styles, especially transformational or charismatic leadership, relates with emotional intelligence to facilitate “emotional leadership” within organizations to achieve positive follower effects.
A Comparative Analysis of Two Developing Countries
Authors: Uzoka Faith-Michael E. , Shemi Alice P. , Mgaya K.V. , Obot Okure
Published: November 2017

Most of the studies on IT personnel turnover intentions were carried out in the developed countries. Only a few researchers have focused on developing countries. The authors' study makes a comparative study of IT personnel turnover intentions in two sub-Saharan African countries (Botswana and Nigeria) using the Igbaria and Greenhaus turnover model. The intent was to find out if the same model elements affect turnover intentions in the two countries. The results show that demographic variables (age and length of service), the role stressors (role ambiguity and role conflict), the career related variables (growth opportunity, supervisor support and external career opportunities), job satisfaction and career satisfaction have direct effect on turnover intentions in these two developing countries, while other affectors in the research model do not hold equally for the two countries, except for growth opportunity.
Moderating Role of Demands
Authors: Chhabra Bindu
Published: November 2017

The purpose of the present study was to explore the direct effect of work role stressors and Demands-Abilities (D-A) fit on the employee outcomes of job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and turnover intentions. The study further aimed to investigate the moderating role of D-A fit in the relationship between work role stressors and the above mentioned employee outcomes. The study was conducted using structured questionnaires for measuring the above mentioned variables. The sample of the study was 317professionals from five sectors. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to analyze the data. Hierarchical multiple regression results showed that the work role stressors were negatively related to job satisfaction and OCB and positively related to turnover intentions. D-A fit was seen to be positively related to job satisfaction and OCB and negatively related to turnover intentions. The analysis also found some support for the stress buffering effect of high D-A fit in the prediction of job satisfaction, OCB and turnover intentions. This study contributes to the organizational behavior literature by focusing on the fact that the negative effects of work role stressors on employee outcomes can be mitigated by identifying the variables which act as a buffer to weaken this effect. The results of the study provide support for the fact that matching employees to their job can help in the mitigation of employees' stress resulting in positive employee outcomes, hence benefiting the organization in the long run.
The Use of Online Social Networks in Higher Education and Its Influence on Job Performance
Authors: Carlos Vera Silva , Rodrigues Ricardo Gouveia
Published: November 2017

There is plenty of evidence on a positive influence of social relationships on work-related attitudes and behaviors. Besides, online social networks (OSNs), made possible by Web 2.0, have become a global phenomenon and have a considerable impact on the way people communicate and interact with each other. Our purpose is to evaluate the effect of using OSNs on the worker's attitudes and behaviors, particularly in the context of Higher Education. In this sense, we used a questionnaire, to evaluate the attitudes of 157 faculty members. To assess the use of OSNs, we resorted to a dichotomous variable. After analyzing and discussing the results we conclude that the use of OSNs influences the worker's performance, but not Job satisfaction, Organizational commitment or extra-role performance. The relationships we propose in what concerns the worker's attitudes are all empirically proved. Lastly, we describe the study limitations and we suggest some perspectives for future research.
Toxic Workplace Environment and Its Impact on Women Professors in the United States
Authors: Growe Roslin , Person William A.
Published: November 2017

Higher education, often referred to as the ivory tower, gives the grand illusion of an environment of learned individuals with intellectual agendas and pursuits. This specialized environment is not a resistance-free fortress immune from toxic behaviors and unfair internalized institutional structures. In this chapter, the authors provide some theoretical perspectives of a toxic workplace environment. Then the authors focus on a review of literature on toxic leadership; the conceptualization of workplace bullying; the prevalence of academic mobbing; and the effects of toxicity on women professors in the academy. The final sections of the chapter include a discussion of implications for policy development in a toxic workplace; implications for research on toxic university environment; and concluding remarks.
Workplace Incivility as Low-Level Violence
Authors: Cicerali Eyyüb Ensari , Cicerali Lütfiye Kaya
Published: November 2017

This chapter intends to inform the readers about workplace incivility, which is being rude to one's colleagues, with no apparent intention to harm. It is regarded as the basic level of counterproductive work behavior that might be tremendously injurious to an organization and its members. Not greeting subordinates, making sarcastic grimaces while talking with a coworker, and spreading rumors about the supervisor are few examples to incivility. The progenitors of workplace incivility research are two prominent organizational scientists from the USA, Lynne Andersson and Christine Pearson. They coined this term and published about this concept in a 1999 article. In the 17 years since its introduction, lots of researchers from different countries published about diverse aspects of incivility, its antecedents, consequences, measurement methods and interventions. Since incivility researchers tested myriad theories mainly from psychology, health, and criminology disciplines using both experimental and empirical methods, currently there is a huge accumulation of data.
Workplace Bullying in Digital Environments
Authors: Salazar Leslie Ramos
Published: November 2017

Workplace bullying continues to be a prevalent workplace conflict issue in organizations around the world. The organizational reliance of communication technologies and digital media have enabled workplace bullying to evolve into workplace cyberbullying. Workplace bullying impacts individuals, relationships, organizations, and societies. For this reason, this chapter reviewed the transdisciplinary workplace bullying literature to conceptualize key constructs such as workplace bullying and workplace cyberbullying. This chapter also reviews the prevalence of workplace bullying, antecedent behaviors of workplace bullying, the consequences of workplace bullying, and the intervention approaches. Lastly, this chapter offers several recommendations for the future trends of workplace bullying scholarship.
Impact of Organizational Trauma on Workplace Behavior and Performance
Authors: Tran Ben
Published: November 2017

Research suggests, according to Branch, Ramsay, and Barker (2013), that a significant number of people are exposed to persistent abusive treatment within the workplace, with the majority of studies within Europe indicating that between 10% and 15% of the workforce are exposed to workplace bullying (Zapf, Escartin, Einarsen, Hoel, & Vartia, 2011), with North American research reporting similar prevalence rates. This is a significant, ongoing dilemma for researchers and practitioners, for which an agreed resolution would be useful because of legal and policy implications. Hence, the purpose of this chapter is on the impact of organizational trauma on workplace behavior and performance based on workplace bullying. The chapter is based on a case study regarding a program that is funded by the Department of Education within a community college in the State of California. The community college is one of four community colleges under the same community college district.
The Misappropriation of Organizational Power and Control
Authors: Starr-Glass David
Published: November 2017

Workplace bullying has been the focus of much interest and research over the last forty years. This concern reflects the growing awareness of the organizational costs associated with all forms of bullying. Of particular importance is what has been called abusive supervision, which constitutes the most prevalent and destructive form of negative workplace conduct. This chapter understands abusive supervision to be a prototypical example of workplace bullying, rather than a narrower and more restricted expression of it. The chapter reviews workplace bullying, focuses on abusive managerial behavior, and understands such behavior as a misappropriation of legitimate organizational processes and dynamics for own personal ends. Bullying behavior violates the norms of workplace ethics, organizational justice, and the agency role of management. The chapter considers initiatives through which managerial bullying might be identified, remediated, and reduced.
Surveillance of Electronic Communications in the Workplace and the Protection of Employees' Privacy
Authors: Inglezakis Ioannis
Published: November 2017

The use of Information and Communication Technologies in the workplace is constantly increasing, but also the use of surveillance technology. Electronic monitoring of employees becomes an integral part of information systems in the workplace. The specific software which is used for monitoring electronic communications is, however, intrusive and infringes upon the employees' right to privacy. The issue of surveillance of employees' electronic communications is subject to different approaches in various jurisdictions. The most comprehensive protection to employees is afforded in the EU, and it would be enhanced once the General Data Protection Regulation is passed.
Early Warning System for Financial Crises
Authors: Manzoor Amir
Published: November 2017

To maintain financial stability, prevention of financial crisis is very important. This prevention is especially is especially important for developing countries where we need robust instruments for prediction of financial crises. One such instrument is Early Warning System (EWS). An EWS provided signals that could reflect the likelihood of a financial crisis over a given time horizon. Changing nature of financial risks due to liberalization of economies has increased the importance of an effective EWS. This chapter explores the state of the art of EWS. It is suggested that policy makers should take into account their objectives and related thresholds of various while developing an EWS since there exists a sharp trade-off between correctly calling crises and false alarms.
Early Warning Tools for Financial System Distress
Authors: Boitan Iustina Alina
Published: November 2017

In the last decade, economic literature has consistently and imperatively promoted the need to create and use early warning models to prevent the various types of crises, especially as the coverage of bank risks has widened, as a result of the financial liberalization process, innovation and cross border financial activity. Although several supervisory authorities and central banks have already in place different types of early warning systems (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Italy, Romania, UK), the recent global financial crisis has put into question the ability of these statistical tools to monitor financial or banking distress and make accurate predictions. The aim of the chapter is twofold: i) to review the existing typologies of EWSs, developed at micro prudential and macro prudential levels; and ii) to answer several questions related to the low predictive power recorded by early warning models with respect to the current financial crisis and to depict the main international approaches towards their future structural reconfiguration and role.
An Assessment on Inflation Risk and Its Effects on Business Operations
Authors: Hacıoğlu Ümit , Dinçer Hasan , Parlak Burcu
Published: November 2017

The latest economic crisis in the world affected business operations and decision making process at management rank. One of the major components of financial system is business organizations within the financial environment, which injects cash to the system and individuals. Therefore, fluctuations in financial system regarding inflationary trends should be evaluated and risk management functions for banking operations should be facilitated. In this chapter, operating mechanism of financial system, risks, ınflation and the effects of inflation on business operations have been outlined from a theoretical perspective.
Measuring Country Risk
Authors: San-Martín-Albizuri Nerea , Rodríguez-Castellanos Arturo
Published: November 2017

The concept of “country risk” has once again come under the spotlight. Globalization, the shock-waves of the subprime crisis, manifested in sovereign and private debt crises, and the fear to a “contagion” of risk between market participants are, among others, the reasons that make topical this form of risk. The aim of this chapter is to offer an overview of the factors that influence country risk, and an analysis of the methods most commonly used to measure it, with a discussion of their pros and cons. The conclusion is that none of those methods have offered satisfactory results. In this regard, the authors propose a change in the way to analyze country risk. Rather than attempting to predict debt crises, it is necessary to identify the sources of risk, and accept uncertainty as a feature of the current environment.
Risk Management in Green Corporate Strategies
Authors: Caraiani Chirața , Lungu Camelia I. , Dascălu Cornelia , Colceag Florian
Published: November 2017

The risk is almost always a major variable in a corporate decision-making. However, few can predict with any precision the future. Nevertheless, managers that ignore it are in a real threat. Relevant social and environmental risks and potential impacts should be considered in the process of sustainability policies implementation. This chapter presents a literature review of existing risks outlined by the main reporting frameworks. It debates the influence of social and environmental approach in corporate reporting models. Further, the chapter develops an analysis of specific requirements regarding risks and uncertainties reported into the financial statements according to different financial reporting standards and their connection to social and environmental information that an entity should disclose. The focus of this chapter is on fundamental research that is related to inductive accounting theory and uses scientific methods for identification of corporate reporting theoretical difficulties that could impact the practice in economic entities.
Standardization of Information and Financial Innovation
Authors: Kaniadakis Antonios
Published: November 2017

Mortgage securitization markets emerged as an extension of the primary mortgage lending markets. This created the need for standardization of information across these two contexts that would enable a collective and universal understanding of credit risk and its management. The securitization industry, however, instead of developing standardization management strategies that would support this vision, it rather chose to implement an organizing vision that was centered around operational efficiency and profit-making supported by a focus on functional specialization. The outcome was the fragmentation of the securitization supply chain via vertical disintegration, which undermined the unity of the risk analysis process. This chapter argues that the effects of technological standardization on innovation in the mortgage industry should be explored beyond a narrow focus on efficiency and profit in relation to an individual organization's business strategy; but rather within an extended scope that includes broader social and policy contexts that guide innovation.
Service Risk Management in Emerging Economies
Authors: Akgunduz Yilmaz
Published: November 2017

The economies of countries face various risks depending on the environmental conditions. While some of these risks do not pose very serious negative effects on developed economies, they may be destructive on non-developed, underdeveloped or emerging economies. Risk management is accepted as a process for all economies. The risk management process starts with the determination of the risks, and goes on with the assessments of the risks, the determination of various strategies that may respond to the risks; and the application of the most suitable one from among these strategies. In risk management, in order to respond to the risk, emerging economies may select one of the methods like tolerating the risk (accepting it), managing it, transferring, eliminating or making use of its opportunities. In this chapter, the risk management strategies have been explained, examples are given from Turkey, which is has many characteristics of an emerging economic structure.
The Role of Financial Innovation and the Derivatives Market in the World and Turkey in the Context of the Global Crisis of 2008
Authors: Güneş Nizamülmülk
Published: November 2017

In Derivatives markets, contracts made concerning an asset or a financial instrument between a buyer and a seller entered into today regarding a transaction to be fulfilled at a future point in time. The derivatives markets incorporate forward, swap, futures and options transactions. Banks, the principle actor in financial markets, finds derivatives favorable in developing countries like Turkey in which there is high interest rates and inflation. It is crucial to express the role of the derivatives markets, whereas the uncertainty concerns are perceived enormously. 2008 mortgage crises, the main cause is stated as to sheer of expectations, which started in US and spread out to all developed and developing countries evoke to encounter against risks intensely. The aim of this paper is to study how efficient is the use of the derivatives market instruments in Turkey, a developing country, by the banks and other financial market actors after the 2008 Global Crises.
The Roles and Characteristics of Advisory Committees
Authors: Neal Julie
Published: November 2017

The advisory committee represents the institution, as the voice of the department, utilizing effective practices and strategies in decision-making. Because workforce education is technical and complex in nature, experienced and knowledgeable industry-based individuals are needed to advise, guide, and make decisions to achieve optimum outcomes. Key individuals have the ability to influence a group to achieve a common goal. The members have established respect and trust among the stakeholders, and are better prepared to handle the leadership roles and achieve results for the committee. The committee focuses on equal representation and balance; decision-making process; and acting as the voice of the project. This chapter focuses on the role of advisory committees. The chapter will also concentrate on the characteristics that comprise an advisory committee, and address identifying the most effective members to include on a committee.
Advisory Committees in Biomedical Research and Training
Authors: Ornelas Argentina
Published: November 2017

Biomedical Research Training falls under the umbrella of Graduate Education at higher education institutions. The extent that advisory committees play in such training is not well documented, as these change from institution to institution. The National Institutes of Health (NIH), the guiding federal agency that provides the bulk of financial support to biomedical research institutions, provides input in training and workforce development based on the research of their internal advisory committees. Discussed is the background of advisory committees in guiding graduate education and the roles of advisory committees in biomedical research education and training. Discussed are the roles of advisory committees at various levels of biomedical research education and training, from funding agencies (NIH), to advisory committees guiding training programs and delivering trainee advice at individual institutions. Discussion of the challenges in establishing advisory committees to develop a productive biomedical research workforce will ensue, as we shift from educational training to workforce development.
Spirituality
Authors: Lawton Dianne Ford
Published: November 2017

This theoretical article explores the role spirituality plays in engagement and resistance in the workplace. These qualities exist at the opposite ends of the continuum in adult education in the workplace: engagement in learning and resistance to adult learning. By employing Mezirow's learning framework, the researcher illustrates how spirituality in the workplace can provide the bridge between these two forces. Various texts have been consulted to examine the effects of various working conditions on employee productiveness and happiness which is assumed to increase employee efficiency. The conclusion is increasing employee engagement leads to less resistance to learning.
“You Have Enough Problems Pop Up, You Start to Learn”
Authors: Olson Joann S. , Kim Junghwan , Hwang Jihee
Published: November 2017

This article explores the workplace learning experiences of professional staff at a small private college who changed jobs, primarily due to a departmental reorganization. In many cases, the emerging jobs were ill-defined, and participants found it challenging to be released from the responsibilities of their previous positions. A cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) analysis explored how these job changers pursued and attained competence in their new jobs. The analysis also exposed the contradictions within an activity system, proposed by CHAT, that shaped participants' on-the-job learning: balancing conflicting expectations and goals, being responsible for multiple, ill-defined roles, managing bureaucratic and technological constraints, and mitigating discrepancies in ‘sense of urgency' and vision across the institution. While individual workers were not resistant to learning their new jobs, their pursuit of the object (competence in the new job) of the activity system was hindered by what seemed to be an organizational or structural resistance to their learning process.
M-Readiness Assessment Model Development and Validation
Authors: Bakhsh Muhammad , Mahmood Amjad , Sangi Nazir Ahmed
Published: November 2017

It is important for distance learning institutions to be well prepared before designing and implementing any new technology based learning system to justify the investment and minimize failure risk. It can be achieved by systematically assessing the readiness of all stakeholders. This paper first proposes an m-readiness assessment process and subsequently describes different activities required to develop a m-readiness assessment model. The model was validated and applied to measure m-readiness index of Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU), Pakistan. Primary data (N=612) were collected. Factor analysis was applied. Extracted factors were confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis. Based on the extracted factors, m-readiness index was calculated. Furthermore, m-readiness index association with age, gender, program of study, income, locality and province were also analyzed by applying one way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis. The results reveal that there is a significant difference in m-readiness with respect to income, locality, age, gender, program of study and province.
Late Departures from Paper-Based to Supported Networked Learning in South Africa
Authors: Kok Illasha , Bester Petra , Esterhuizen Hennie
Published: November 2017

Fragmented connectivity in South Africa is the dominant barrier for digitising initiatives. New insights surfaced when a university-based nursing programme introduced tablets within a supportive network learning environment. A qualitative, explorative design investigated adult nurses' experiences of the realities when moving from paper-based learning towards using tablets within a blended learning environment. Purposive sampling was applied. 45 (N) participants were included, each receiving a preloaded tablet (15 running on iOS, 15 on Android 4.2.2 Jelly Bean and 15 on Windows® 8 operating systems), being WiFi-dependent, integrated into a supportive learning network. Participants completed eleven compulsory Internet-based activities. Three reflective focus groups with 18 (n) participants concluded the project. Through self-empowerment and supportive environment, students adopted seamlessly, overcame network and resource-related challenges. Valuable lessons were learned within the digital divide, integrate tablets into distance learning from a resilient and pragmatic approach.
Incorporating Global Medical Knowledge to Solve Healthcare Problems
Authors: Sen Kabir , Ghosh Kaushik
Published: November 2017

Global medical knowledge incorporates knowledge from diverse traditions which follow different ‘grammar', making encapsulation of medical knowledge a challenging task. Current advances in technology enable the aggregation of medical knowledge from varied traditions to confront difficult health issues for which cure is yet to be developed. In addition to accumulating knowledge from wide-ranging sources, an ideal crowdsourcing system can benefit from the use of appropriate software algorithms to select the best solution. This research suggests a step approach scheme to develop a crowdsourcing system for medical diagnosis by applying an existing classification of crowdsourcing. The proposed crowdsourcing system will involve the crowd and medical experts from across the world, who together with the help of software algorithms, could provide useful solutions for hitherto difficult to solve health problems.
Inhibitors of Physicians' Use of Mandatory Hospital Information Systems (HIS)
Authors: Gewald Heiko , Gewald Corinna
Published: November 2017

Physicians' use of information systems continues to be a highly relevant area of information systems research. Although numerous studies have investigated the relationship between hospital physicians and hospital information systems (HIS), a comprehensive framework for assessing the factors which inhibit the use of HIS has yet to be developed. To advance these efforts, this exploratory research takes a qualitative approach to investigate HIS use inhibitors based on interviews with 48 informants and observations from over 40 hours of workplace shadowing in two German hospitals. The findings show that focusing solely on the user does not lead to successful system deployment in hospitals. Rather, the road to success needs to take a combined approach focusing on the user, the process and the system. If these three building blocks are well aligned, correspond with the organizational context and are supported by strong leadership, medical personnel are much more satisfied with the HIS, which results in more effective use.