bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A clinical and histological comparison between acute cutaneous graft‐versus‐host disease and other maculopapular eruptions following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a retrospective cohort
Authors: Chanprapaph Kumutnart , Leerunyakul Kanchana , Niparuck Pimjai , Rutnin Suthinee
Published: September 2020

Background

Prompt management of acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) may prevent its morbidity and mortality. Maculopapular (MP) eruption is a presenting sign of acute GVHD, but differentiation from other causes of MP rash is challenging.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted among patients developing MP eruptions after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We compared the clinical and histopathological differences between an acute cutaneous GVHD (group 1) and other MP eruptions (group 2). We also determined the clinical prognostic indicators linked to acute GVHD severity, morbidity, and mortality.

Results

Of 95 patients identified, 75 met the classification criteria for acute GVHD, and 25 had other MP eruptions. Palm and/or sole involvement was more frequently found (51.4% vs. 12%, odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval] = 7 [2.1, 23.7], P < 0.01 and 41.4% vs. 0%, OR 37.2 [2.2, 635], P < 0.01, respectively) in group 1 than in group 2. Comparing the histological features between the two groups, necrotic keratinocytes in basal and spinous layers (92.9% vs. 22.2%, OR 27 [3.5, 594.7], P < 0.01) and (85.7% vs. 33.3%, OR 9.3 [1.4, 60.8], P = 0.02, respectively), diffuse basal vacuolization (42.9% vs. 0%, OR 14.5 [0.7, 298.2], P = 0.04), lymphocyte satellitosis (71.4% vs. 0%, OR 44.3 [2.1, 936.8], P < 0.01), and subepidermal clefts (42.9% vs. 0%, OR 14.5 [0.7, 298.2], P = 0.04) were significantly more apparent in group 1. Among extracutaneous presentations, diarrhea alone and/or accompanied by hyperbilirubinemia (47.1% vs. 16%, OR 4.3 [1.4, 13.1], P = 0.03 and 27.1% vs. 0%, OR 19.3 [1.1, 332.8], P < 0.01, respectively) and newly developed transaminitis (37.1% vs. 12%, OR 3.3 [1.1, 12.6], P = 0.02) suggested the diagnosis of acute GVHD. Mucosal involvement and/or blister formation correlated with severe acute GVHD (OR 26.6 [5.4, 130.4], P < 0.01). Skin and systemic GVHD severity correlated with time to rash resolution (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively), length of hospital stays (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively), and mortality (OR 4.87 [1.4, 17.4], P = 0.02 and OR 4.6 [1.3, 16.5], P = 0.02, respectively).

Conclusions

Our findings may be beneficial tools for establishing the diagnosis of acute GVHD.
Gut microbiota in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome: Effects of randomized treatments
Authors: Garcia‐Beltran Cristina , Malpique Rita , Carbonetto Belen , González‐Torres Pedro , Henares Desirée , Brotons Pedro , Muñoz‐Almagro Carmen , López‐Bermejo Abel , de Zegher Francis , Ibáñez Lourdes
Published: September 2020

Background

Girls with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and women with PCOS have altered gut microbiota.

Objective

To study the gut microbiota composition of girls with PCOS without obesity (age, 15.8 years; body mass index [BMI] 25 kg/m2) and the effects of randomized treatments with an oral contraceptive (OC, N = 15) or with spironolactone‐pioglitazone‐metformin (SPIOMET, N = 15) for 1 year. Thirty‐one age‐matched girls served as controls.

Methods

16S ribosomal subunit gene amplicon sequencing was performed in stool samples from all subjects; samples from 23 out of 30 girls with PCOS (OC, N = 12; SPIOMET, N = 11) were available for analysis post‐treatment. Clinical and endocrine‐metabolic variables were measured before and after intervention.

Results

Girls with PCOS had decreased diversity alpha, altered microbiota pattern and taxonomic profile with more abundance of Family XI (P = .002), and less abundance of family Prevotellaceae (P = .0006) the genus Prevotella (P = .0001) and Senegalimassilia (P < .0001), as compared to controls. Family XI abundance related positively to hepato‐visceral fat (R = 0.453; P = .0003). SPIOMET treatment, but not OC, normalized the abundance of Family XI. Prevotellaceae, Prevotella and Senegalimassilia abundance remained unchanged after either treatment.

Conclusion

SPIOMET's spectrum of normalizing effects in girls with PCOS is herewith broadened as to include Family XI abundance in gut microbiota.
Intention to leave among newly graduated nurses: A descriptive, multicenter study
Authors: Li Zhen , Cao Jing , Wu Xinjuan , Li Fangfang , Zhu Chen
Published: September 2020

Aims

To investigate newly graduated Chinese nurses' intention to leave their jobs and to explore the association of intention to leave with nurse characteristics, person–environment fit, and social support.

Design

This was a cross‐sectional descriptive study.

Methods

Newly graduated nurses (N = 1,313) were recruited from 18 hospitals in six provinces in China, during 2018. An online questionnaire explored intention to leave and related factors, including proactive personality, personal–environment fit, and perceived social support. Chi‐squared and multilevel logistic regression analysis were used to examine associations between factors.

Results

Among 1,313 newly graduated nurses, 88 (6.7%) reported high‐level intention to leave. Nurses working in specialty areas (i.e., outside of medical‐surgical wards) and those with higher degree of person–organization fit showed lower intention to leave, whereas those with higher level of education, exposure to negative workplace/life events during the previous year and a proactive personality showed higher intention to leave.

Conclusion

Among newly graduated Chinese nurses, intention to leave is significant and is influenced by work area, level of education, negative workplace/life events and person–organization fit. The intention to leave is dynamically multifactorial and supportive strategies must be similarly multifaceted to effectively reduce turnover.

Impact

Little is known about the factors influencing the intention to leave among newly graduated nurses. We found significant intention to leave among new nurses which was negatively associated with work in a specialty area and degree of person–organization fit and positively associated with level of education, exposure to negative workplace/life events and proactive personality. This information adds to our understanding of nurse turnover and will support nurse administrators in the introduction of specific strategies to decrease turnover in this population.
How to foster nurses’ well‐being and performance in the face of work pressure? The role of mindfulness as personal resource
Authors: Janssen Elias , Van Strydonck Isabeau , Decuypere Anouk , Decramer Adelien , Audenaert Mieke
Published: September 2020

Aim

The aim of this study was to study the simultaneous relationships of work pressure with the performance and well‐being of nurses and to explore whether mindfulness moderates these relationships.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey design.

Method

We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of 1,021 nurses from 103 Belgian care homes for older people, in 2017. Data were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression and simple slope analyses.

Results

Work pressure was positively associated with empathetic care, job performance and emotional exhaustion and negatively associated with work engagement. Mindfulness was positively related to empathetic care, job performance and work engagement and negatively related to emotional exhaustion. Regarding the moderations, mindfulness moderated the relationships between work pressure and both performance outcomes, as well as between work pressure and work engagement. Contrary to what we expected: (a) mindfulness showed no significant buffering effect of work pressure on emotional exhaustion; (b) the relationship between work pressure and both empathic care and job performance was stronger when mindfulness was low (vs. high); and (c) mindfulness strengthened instead of weakened the negative relationship between work pressure and work engagement. However, in high work pressure settings, more mindful individuals still had better job performance and work engagement outcomes than less mindful individuals.

Conclusion

Our findings explain conflicting outcomes on the effects of work pressure by suggesting that work pressure can function both as a hindrance and a challenge job demand depending on the outcome. Furthermore, by exploring the role of mindfulness as a personal resource, we add to the literature on the role of personal resources in the job demands–resources (JD‐R)‐model which is particularly relevant in the context of increasing work pressure.

Impact

Nurses are confronted with increasing work pressure. The present findings indicate that the implementation of mindfulness strategies can be beneficial for nurses dealing with work pressure, contributing to nursing practice and JD‐R theory.
A machine learning‐based, decision support, mobile phone application for diagnosis of common dermatological diseases
Authors: Pangti R. , Mathur J. , Chouhan V. , Kumar S. , Rajput L. , Shah S. , Gupta A. , Dixit A. , Dholakia D. , Gupta S. , Gupta S. , George M. , Sharma V.K. , Gupta S.
Published: September 2020

Background

The integration of machine learning algorithms in decision support tools for physicians is gaining popularity. These tools can tackle the disparities in healthcare access as the technology can be implemented on smartphones. We present the first, large‐scale study on patients with skin of colour, in which the feasibility of a novel mobile health application (mHealth app) was investigated in actual clinical workflows.

Objective

To develop a mHealth app to diagnose 40 common skin diseases and test it in clinical settings.

Methods

A convolutional neural network‐based algorithm was trained with clinical images of 40 skin diseases. A smartphone app was generated and validated on 5014 patients, attending rural and urban outpatient dermatology departments in India. The results of this mHealth app were compared against the dermatologists’ diagnoses.

Results

The machine–learning model, in an in silico validation study, demonstrated an overall top‐1 accuracy of 76.93 ± 0.88% and mean area‐under‐curve of 0.95 ± 0.02 on a set of clinical images. In the clinical study, on patients with skin of colour, the app achieved an overall top‐1 accuracy of 75.07% (95% CI = 73.75–76.36), top‐3 accuracy of 89.62% (95% CI = 88.67–90.52) and mean area‐under‐curve of 0.90 ± 0.07.

Conclusion

This study underscores the utility of artificial intelligence‐driven smartphone applications as a point‐of‐care, clinical decision support tool for dermatological diagnosis for a wide spectrum of skin diseases in patients of the skin of colour.
Feasibility and outcomes of fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion for severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A Japanese experience
Authors: Wada Seiji , Ozawa Katsusuke , Sugibayashi Rika , Suyama Fumio , Amari Shoichiro , Ito Yushi , Kanamori Yutaka , Okuyama Hiroomi , Usui Noriaki , Sasahara Jun , Kotani Tomomi , Hayakawa Masahiro , Kato Kiyoko , Taguchi Tomoaki , Endo Masayuki , Sago Haruhiko
Published: September 2020

Aim

To present the feasibility, safety and outcomes of fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO) for the treatment of severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Methods

This was a single‐arm clinical trial of FETO for isolated left‐sided CDH with liver herniation and Kitano Grade 3 stomach position (>50% stomach herniation into the right chest). FETO was performed at 27–29 weeks of gestation for cases with observed/expected lung to head ratio (o/e LHR) <25% and at 30–31 weeks for cases with o/e LHR ≥25%.

Results

Eleven cases were enrolled between March 2014 and March 2016, and balloon insertion was successful in all cases. The median o/e LHR at entry was 27% (range, 20–33%). The median gestational age at FETO was 30.9 (range, 27.1–31.7) weeks. There were no severe maternal adverse events. One fetus died unexpectedly at 33 weeks of gestation due to cord strangulation by the detached amniotic membrane. There were 3 cases (27%) of preterm premature rupture of membranes. In all 10 cases, balloon removal at 34–35 weeks of gestation was successful. The median gestational age at delivery was 36.5 (range, 34.2–38.3) weeks. The median duration of occlusion and the median interval between balloon insertion and delivery were 26 days (range: 17–49 days) and 43 days (range, 21–66 days), respectively. Both the survival rate at 90 days of age and the rate of survival to discharge were 45% (5/11).

Conclusion

The FETO is feasible without maternal morbidity in Japan and could be offered to women whose fetuses show severe isolated left‐sided CDH to accelerate fetal lung growth.
An 8‐Year Clinical Outcome of Posterior Inlay Retained Resin Bonded Fixed Dental Prosthesis Utilizing High Performance Polymer Materials: A Clinical Report
Authors: Tasopoulos Theodoros , Pachiou Aspasia , Kouveliotis George , Karaiskou Georgia , Ottenga Marc , Zoidis Panagiotis
Published: September 2020

This clinical report presents the use of a modified polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Inlay Retained Resin Bonded Fixed Dental Prosthesis (IRRBFDP) framework, veneered with indirect high impact composite for the bilateral restoration of mandibular first molar teeth, as the most conservative treatment option for a medically compromised patient. When used as a framework, PEEK's elastic modulus (approximately 4 GPa), could result in the reduction of stresses transferred to the abutment teeth and the cementation interface accordingly, therefore it could result in lower de‐bonding rates and higher success rates. Furthermore, the high bond strength with the veneering composite material and the luting cements permit its use for resin‐bonded restorations. Preparation guidelines, indications and advantages for the fabrication of IRRBFDPs are described in this clinical report. No technical complications such as de‐bonding of the framework, connector or retainer fracture of the adhesive frameworks or loss of retention were observed during the course of 8 years. Prosthetic replacement of single missing posterior mandibular teeth utilizing IRRBFDPs with high performance polymer materials could potentially offer long‐term high survival rate outcomes. Further clinical evidence is required in order to justify the above statement.
Narcolepsy type 2: A rare, yet existing entity
Authors: Baumann‐Vogel Heide , Schreckenbauer Lina , Valko Philipp O. , Werth Esther , Baumann Christian R.
Published: September 2020

Because of unspecific diagnostic criteria, there is much controversy around narcolepsy type 2, its existence and its frequency. With this retrospective and purely descriptive study, we aimed to compare the frequency of narcolepsy type 2 compared to the well‐described narcolepsy type 1, in a large (n = 3,782) retrospective sample from a single tertiary sleep centre. After 2 weeks washout of sleep–wake active medication, all patients with excessive daytime sleepiness (n = 1,392) underwent 2 weeks actigraphy, polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test, and all diagnoses were made along current diagnostic criteria. Narcolepsy type 1 was diagnosed in 91 patients, and 191 patients without cataplexy had multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) results indicating narcolepsy. After exclusion of shift work syndrome (n = 19), suspected insufficient sleep syndrome (n = 128), delayed sleep phase syndrome (n = 4) and obstructive sleep apnea (n = 34), six patients were diagnosed with narcolepsy type 2, of whom two patients later developed narcolepsy type 1. Altogether, our observations suggest that narcolepsy type 2 exists, but its frequency may be much lower compared to narcolepsy type 1. In addition, they emphasize the importance of scrupulously excluding other potential causes of sleepiness, if possible, with 2‐week actigraphy and polysomnography.
Scaffolding and the zone of proximal development: A problematic relationship
Authors: Xi Jiao , Lantolf James P.
Published: September 2020

For nearly four decades, a variety of social science disciplines have assumed that the zone of proximal development (ZPD) and the metaphor of scaffolding reflect more or less the same process. However, we will argue that any similarity is at best partial and at worst superficial. Equating the processes adds nothing to Vygotsky's general theory and in fact may weaken and dilute the robustness of the theory. To make the non‐equivalence case, the paper first presents an overview of Vygotsky's approach to psychology that includes an expansive discussion of the ZPD not only as the activity in which instruction leads development, but also as the key to his approach to experimental research. This is followed by a critical review of the relevant statements that have appeared in the literature on the nature of scaffolding, its presumed link to the ZPD and that brings to the fore the inadequacies of the metaphor itself that disqualify it as an equivalent process. While the ZPD can be understood to include the kind of interaction that is described in the scaffolding literature, it is a much broader and far more robust process than scaffolding, as is made apparent when the two processes are compared, which is the focus of the concluding section of the article. In the comparison we summarize the analyses presented, especially with regard to the implications and relevance of the metaphors underlying each concept.
Chimerism as the basis for organ repair
Authors: Vadakke‐Madathil Sangeetha , Chaudhry Hina W.
Published: September 2020

Organ and tissue repair are complex processes involving signaling molecules, growth factors, and cell cycle regulators that act in concert to promote cell division and differentiation at sites of injury. In embryonic development, progenitor fetal cells are actively involved in reparative mechanisms and display a biphasic interaction with the mother; and there is constant trafficking of fetal cells into maternal circulation and vice versa. This phenomenon of fetal microchimerism may have significant impact considering the primitive, multilineage nature of these cells. In published work, we have reported that fetal‐derived placental cells expressing the homeodomain protein CDX2 retain all “stem” functional proteins of embryonic stem cells yet are endowed with additional functions in areas of growth, survival, homing, and immune modulation. These cells exhibit multipotency in vitro and in vivo, giving rise to spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes and vascular cells. In mouse models, CDX2 cells from female placentas can be administered intravenously to male mice subjected to myocardial infarction with subsequent homing of the CDX2 cells to infarcted areas and evidence of cellular regeneration with enhanced cardiac function. Elucidating the role of microchimeric fetal‐derived placental cells may have broader scientific potential, as one can envision allogeneic cell therapy strategies targeted at tissue regeneration for a variety of organ systems.
Influence of thyroxine supplementation on orthodontically induced tooth movement and/or inflammatory root resorption: A systematic review
Authors: Berry Stefani , Javed Fawad , Rossouw Paul Emile , Barmak Abdul Basir , Kalogirou Eleni‐Marina , Michelogiannakis Dimitrios
Published: September 2020

The role of thyroxine administration on orthodontically induced tooth movement and/or inflammatory root resorption remains unclear. The aim was to assess the influence of thyroxine administration on orthodontically induced tooth movement and/or inflammatory root resorption. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020164151). An electronic search of indexed databases was conducted without time or language restrictions up to and including May 2020. The following eligibility criteria were imposed: (a) original prospective controlled clinical studies and/or experimental studies on animal models; (b) subjects undergoing orthodontic therapy with fixed appliances; (c) presence of a control group [orthodontic tooth movement without thyroxine administration]; and (d) intervention: orthodontic tooth movement with thyroxine administration. Review articles, commentaries, letters to the editor, case reports/series, studies with no control group, cross‐sectional studies, retrospective studies and studies where thyroxine was administered along with other interventions such as calcitonin and prostaglandins were excluded. Quality of available evidence and risk of bias within studies were assessed. Any disagreements were resolved via consensus discussions. Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, 8 animal studies were included. Four studies reported that thyroxine administration increases the rate of orthodontic tooth movement; 3 studies did not show a significant difference. Three studies showed that thyroxine administration decreases orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption; 2 studies found no significant difference. The risk of bias among studies was high. In conclusion, the influence of thyroxine administration on orthodontic tooth movement and/or orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption in animal models remains unclear.
Influence of different anti‐hypertensive drugs on gingival overgrowth: A cross‐sectional study in a Turkish population
Authors: Ustaoğlu Gülbahar , Erdal Emrah , Karaş Zeynep
Published: September 2020

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence rate of drug‐induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) in patients treated with angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) such as amlodipine, lercanidipine, and benidipine, as well as to assess the relationship of those mentioned above with medication variables and oral hygiene.

Methods

Sociodemographic details, DIGO, and clinical periodontal parameters were obtained from one hundred and thirty‐one patients receiving ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and CCBs for a period of at least 2 years.

Results

The occurrence rate of DIGO was 19.6% in patients using CCB, 12.5% in the ARB group, and 7.5% in the ACE inhibitor group. In a subgroup analysis of CCBs, DIGO was found to be 31.8% in the amlodipine group, 13.3% in the lercanidipine group, and 7.1% in the benidipine group. While there was a significant relationship between amlodipine drug dosage and DIGO, no association was found between the duration of therapy and DIGO in all CCB subgroups.

Conclusion

There was no difference between the groups in terms of DIGO. Duration of therapy and drug dosage did not affect the severity of DIGO in both ACE inhibitors and ARB groups.
ASTEROID stereotest v1.0: lower stereo thresholds using smaller, denser and faster dots
Authors: Read Jenny C A , Wong Zhen Yi , Yek Xinye , Wong Ying Xin , Bachtoula Omar , Llamas‐Cornejo Ichasus , Serrano‐Pedraza Ignacio
Published: September 2020

Purpose

In 2019, we described ASTEROID, a new stereotest run on a 3D tablet computer which involves a four‐alternative disparity detection task on a dynamic random‐dot stereogram. Stereo thresholds measured with ASTEROID were well correlated with, but systematically higher than (by a factor of around 1.5), thresholds measured with previous laboratory stereotests or the Randot Preschool clinical stereotest. We speculated that this might be due to the relatively large, sparse dots used in ASTEROID v0.9. Here, we introduce and test the stereo thresholds and test‐repeatability of the new ASTEROID v1.0, which uses precomputed images to allow stereograms made up of much smaller, denser dots.

Methods

Stereo thresholds and test/retest repeatability were tested and compared between the old and new versions of ASTEROID (n = 75) and the Randot Circles (n = 31) stereotest, in healthy young adults.

Results

Thresholds on ASTEROID v1.0 are lower (better) than on ASTEROID v0.9 by a factor of 1.4, and do not differ significantly from thresholds on the Randot Circles. Thresholds were roughly log‐normally distributed with a mean of 1.54 log10 arcsec (35 arcsec) on ASTEROID v1.0 compared to 1.70 log10 arcsec (50 arcsec) on ASTEROID v0.9. The standard deviation between observers was the same for both versions, 0.32 log10 arcsec, corresponding to a factor of 2 above and below the mean. There was no difference between the versions in their test/retest repeatability, with 95% coefficient of repeatability = 0.46 log10 arcsec (a factor of 2.9 or 1.5 octaves) and a Pearson correlation of 0.8 (comparable to other clinical stereotests).

Conclusion

The poorer stereo thresholds previously reported with ASTEROID v0.9 appear to have been due to the relatively large, coarse dots and low density used, rather than to some other aspect of the technology. Employing the small dots and high density used in ASTEROID v1.0, thresholds and test/retest repeatability are similar to other clinical stereotests.
Functional correlations between CXCL10/IP10 gene polymorphisms and risk of Kawasaki disease
Authors: Hsu Yu‐Wen , Lu Hsing‐Fang , Chou Wan‐Hsuan , Kuo Ho‐Chang , Chang Wei‐Chiao
Published: September 2020

Background

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis syndrome with unknown pathogen. The immune system has been suggested to involve in the pathogenesis in KD. IP10 is a chemoattractant for initiating T‐cell activation. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms of IP10 and KD.

Methods

A total of 354 KD patients and 1,709 control subjects (709 subjects in cohort 1 and 1,000 subjects in cohort 2) were enrolled in this study. Four tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3921, rs4256246, rs4508917, and rs4386624) were chosen for genotyping.

Results

Our results indicated that CC genotype of rs3921 and GG genotype of rs4386624 had higher frequency in KD patients compared to control. In addition, higher plasma IP10 level was observed in CC genotype of rs3921 than CG genotype and GG genotype. C/G haplotype carriers of rs3921/rs4386624 had 5.48‐fold risk for KD compared to G/C haplotype carriers. Two‐locus analysis further showed the combinatorial effects of rs3921 and rs4386624 in KD susceptibility.

Conclusions

This study indicated the close correlation between IP10 and the risk of Kawasaki disease.
Cloud Service Model’s Role in Provider and User Security Investment Incentives
Authors: Yang Mingwen , Jacob Varghese S. , Raghunathan Srinivasan
Published: September 2020

Cloud computing can be viewed as an e‐business in which the cloud provider sells a range of information technology services and operations over the Internet to firms. Security is a major concern for firms that move to the cloud. The security of a cloud is the joint responsibility of the cloud provider and cloud users. However, the extent to which the provider and users can affect cloud security through their efforts depends on the cloud service model. In this study, we develop a game‐theoretical model to study the impact of the cloud service model on provider and user incentives to exert security effort. Our results show that for a given service model, an increase in the user loss from a security breach induces users to exert more security effort. However, if the provider’s service cost is low, the provider profitably free rides on the enhanced user incentives to exert security effort by diminishing his effort. Analogously, the cloud provider is able to profitably free ride on users’ enhanced incentives to exert security effort when the user population is more homogeneous in terms of either cloud valuation or loss from a security breach, depending on the service cost. Our results also have implications for how a cloud provider could possibly target a particular cloud service model to specific user groups based on their characteristics and likelihood of security loss.
Googling Politics: How Offloading Affects Voting and Political Knowledge
Authors: Kleinberg Mona S. , Lau Richard R.
Published: September 2020

Studies suggest that individuals are less likely to process information they can easily look up. Instead of committing information to memory, they rely on the Internet to store information for them—a phenomenon known as “offloading.” We examine the effects of offloading on political knowledge and voting behavior. Using data from a 10‐wave panel experiment designed to study information processing in two distinct information environments, we demonstrate that people whose environment is conducive to offloading learn more during an election campaign than individuals whose information environment is not conducive to offloading, even though they look at less information during the campaign. Individuals in the offloading condition also make better vote choices despite examining less information. These results suggest that offloading reduces cognitive load, thereby freeing up processing space in working memory, which can increase learning of information that is accessed, and improve decision‐making.
Problem Uncertainty, Institutional Insularity, and Modes of Learning in Canadian Provincial Hydraulic Fracturing Regulation
Authors: Millar Heather
Published: September 2020

This study uses policy learning frameworks to explain variation in processes of hydraulic fracturing regulatory development in Canadian provinces. Using a cross‐case comparison of British Columbia and Nova Scotia, the article demonstrates that differences in problem uncertainty and institutional insularity in each province determined modes of technical, social, and political learning in each province. In British Columbia elected officials framed LNG as a safe, clean energy source generating economic benefits. These frames made it difficult for anti‐fracking advocates to increase the salience of environmental risks and scientific uncertainty. Low problem uncertainty and high institutional insularity fostered processes of technical learning within the BC Oil and Gas Commission focused on single‐issue regulations. In Nova Scotia, an external review provided an ad hoc institutional venue through which environmental advocates, residents, and experts could increase the salience of scientific uncertainty and dread environmental risks. These conditions fostered collective processes of social learning among anti‐fracking advocates and political learning among elected officials, resulting in a ban.
Diffusion tensor imaging of the visual pathway in dogs with primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Authors: Graham Kathleen L. , Johnson Philippa J. , Barry Erica F. , Pérez Orrico Marisa , Soligo Domenic J. , Lawlor Mitchell , White Andrew
Published: September 2020

Objective

To describe measurements of in vivo structures of the visual pathway beyond the retina and optic nerve head associated with canine primary angle‐closure glaucoma (PACG).

Methods

A prospective pilot study was conducted using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to obtain quantitative measures of the optic nerve, chiasm, tract, and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in dogs with and without PACG. 3‐Tesla DTI was performed on six affected dogs and five breed, age‐ and sex‐matched controls. DTI indices of the optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tracts, and LGN were compared between normal, unilateral PACG, and bilateral PACG groups. Intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess intra‐observer reliability.

Results

Quantitative measurements of the optic nerve, optic tract, optic chiasm, and LGN were obtained in all dogs. There was a trend for reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) associated with disease for all structures assessed. Compared to the same structure in normal dogs, FA, and radial diffusivity (RD) of the optic nerve was consistently higher in the unaffected eye in dogs with unilateral PACG. Intra‐observer reliability was excellent for measurements of the optic nerve (ICC: 0.92), good for measurements of the optic tract (ICC: 0.89) and acceptable for measures of the optic chiasm (ICC: 0.71) and lateral geniculate nuclei (ICC: 0.76).

Conclusion

Diffusivity and anisotropy measures provide a quantifiable means to evaluate the visual pathway in dogs. DTI has potential to provide in vivo measures of axonal and myelin injury and transsynaptic degeneration in canine PACG.
Hubungan Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Menerusi KeLiP dengan Pencapaian Pelajar
Authors: Osman Norasyikin , Mat Teh Kamarul Shukri , Mohd Noor Siti Salwa , Mat Saad Khoirun Nisak
Published: September 2020

The development of e-Learning is very promising at all levels of education. Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) has developed an e-learning or known as Kelip in 2006. However, the impact of e-learning on student achievement has no further explanation. Thus this quantitative study is aimed at exploring whether the use of e-learning, also known as KeLiP at the University of Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), is able to improve student’s achievement among the excellent students of language (PCB) and the below-average students of language (PKCB). The comparisons between the achievements of both groups are also studied. This experimental study involved 69 UniSZA diploma students taking the Arabic Language Proficiency course level 2 (UBA 1022). The students have been learning through KeLiP for 10 weeks with content materials from the UBA 1022 module which were presented electronically in the form of graphics, images, sounds, videos and hyperlinks. Pre and post test was conducted to evaluate student achievement. The study shows that the use of KeLiP has improved PCB and PKCB achievements with a mean of 26.545 per cent. The excellent students’ performances (PCB) continue to maintain their excellence over PKCB with a mean difference of 11.72 per cent. This study proves that KeLiP is able to improve student’s achievement overall and thus serves as an encouragement for the wide use of KeLiP among students and lecturers.
Pembelajaran Kosa Kata Bahasa Arab Secara Aturan Kluster Semantik dan Aturan Kluster Bebas
Authors: Rahimi Nik Mohd , Hussin Zahriah , Normeza Wan
Published: September 2020

Many Arabic language books use semantic clustering in presenting their vocabularies. However, some language experts suggest the use of semantically unrelated clustering due to a higher contribution in memorizing vocabularies among students. This study aims to investigate on which clustering has a higher contribution in memorizing vocabularies among students. The specific objectives of this study are; (a) to identify the level of students’ achievement in memorizing vocabularies using both techniques in a long-term test and a short-term test; and (b) to identify students’ achievement differences using both techniques in both tests. This study is a quasi-experimental study which using a short term and a long term post-test. This group of students was exposed to vocabularies using semantic clustering and semantically unrelated clustering. The short term post test was administered after the students were exposed with both techniques, while the long term post-test was used after seven days of the exposure. This study found that students’ achievement using semantic clustering was moderate for both tests. Meanwhile, students’ achievement using semantically unrelated clustering was very good in the short term test and good in the long term test. On the other hand, the t-test analysis showed that there are significant differences between both techniques, which students’ achievement using semantically unrelated clustering is statistically and significantly higher than students’ achievement using semantic clustering for both short and long term post-tests. Therefore, this study suggests that the semantically unrelated clustering technique needs to be used in learning Arabic vocabularies among students.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert
Published: September 2020

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 10 Alphonce John Amuli, ADEM, TanzaniaDarren Pullen, University of Tasmania, AustraliaDonna Smith, The Open University, UKFroilan D. Mobo, Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, PhilippineHassan Shaaban, Atomic energy Authority, EgyptHossein Chaharbashloo, Kharazmi University, IranIntakhab Khan, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaJohn Mark Asio, Gordon College, PhilippinesKeyla Ferrari Lopes, UNICAMP, BrazilLucy Lugo Mawang, Kenyatta University, KenyaMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyMinh Duc Duong, Thai Nguyen University, VietnamMustafa Çakır, Marmara University, TurkeyRichard H. Martin, Mercer University, USARichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USASaadet Korucu Kis, Necmettin Erbakan University, TurkeySamah El-Sakka, Suez University, EgyptSandro Sehic, Oneida BOCES, USASelloane Pitikoe, University of Eswatini, EswatiniThada Jantakoon, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, ThailandVeronica Velasco Gonzalez, University of Valladolid, SpainVjacheslav Ivanovich Babich, Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Ukraine   Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAE-mail 1: jets@redfame.comE-mail 2: jets@redfame.orgURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Breath holding as an example of extreme hypoventilation: experimental testing of a new model describing alveolar gas pathways
Authors: Taboni Anna , Fagoni Nazzareno , Fontolliet Timothée , Grasso Gabriele Simone , Moia Christian , Vinetti Giovanni , Ferretti Guido
Published: September 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

We modelled the alveolar pathway during breath holding on the hypothesis that it follows a hypoventilation loop on the O2–CO2 diagram.

What is the main finding and its importance?

Validation of the model was possible within the range of alveolar gas compositions compatible with consciousness. Within this range, the experimental data were compatible with the proposed model. The model and its characteristics might allow predictions of alveolar gas composition whenever the alveolar ventilation goes to zero; for example, static and dynamic breath holding at the surface or during ventilation/intubation failure in anaesthesia.

According to the hypothesis that alveolar partial pressures of O2 and CO2 during breath holding (BH) should vary following a hypoventilation loop, we modelled the alveolar gas pathways during BH on the O2–CO2 diagram and tested it experimentally during ambient air and pure oxygen breathing. In air, the model was constructed using the inspired and alveolar partial pressures of O2 (and , respectively) and CO2 ( and , respectively) and the steady‐state values of the pre‐BH respiratory exchange ratio (RER). In pure oxygen, the model respected the constraint of . To test this, 12 subjects performed several BHs of increasing duration and one maximal BH at rest and during exercise (30 W cycling supine), while breathing air or pure oxygen. We measured gas flows, and before and at the end of all BHs. Measured data were fitted through the model. In air,  = 150 ± 1 mmHg and  = 0.3 ± 0.0 mmHg, both at rest and at 30 W. Before BH, steady‐state RER was 0.83 ± 0.16 at rest and 0.77 ± 0.14 at 30 W;  = 107 ± 7 mmHg at rest and 102 ± 8 mmHg at 30 W; and  = 36 ± 4 mmHg at rest and 38 ± 3 mmHg at 30 W. By model fitting, we computed the RER during the early phase of BH: 0.10 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.08–0.12] at rest and 0.13 (95% CI = 0.11–0.15) at 30 W. In oxygen, model fitting provided : 692 (95% CI = 688–696) mmHg at rest and 693 (95% CI = 689–698) mmHg at 30 W. The experimental data are compatible with the proposed model, within its physiological range.
Acoustics of monodisperse open-cell foam: An experimental and numerical parametric study
Authors: Langlois V. , Kaddami A. , Pitois O. , Perrot C.
Published: September 2020

This article presents an experimental and numerical parametric study of the acoustical properties of monodisperse open-cell solid foam. Solid foam samples are produced with very good control of both the pore size (from 0.2 to 1.0 mm) and the solid volume fraction (from 6% to 35%). Acoustical measurements are performed by the three-microphone impedance tube method. From these measurements, the visco-thermal parameters—namely, viscous permeability, tortuosity, viscous characteristic length, thermal permeability, and thermal characteristic length—are determined for an extensive number of foam samples. By combining Surface Evolver and finite-element method calculations, the visco-thermal parameters of body centered cubic (bcc) foam numerical samples are also calculated on the whole range of solid volume fraction (from 0.5% to 32%), compared to measured values and to theoretical model predictions [Langlois et al. (2019). Phys. Rev. E 100(1), 013115]. Numerical results are then used to find approximate formulas of visco-thermal parameters. A systematic comparison between measurements and predictions of the Johnson-Champoux-Allard-Lafarge (JCAL) model using measured visco-thermal parameters as input parameters, reveals a consistent agreement between them. From this first step, a calculation of the optimal microstructures maximizing the sound absorption coefficient is performed.
Throat Microbial Community Structure and Functional Changes in Postsurgery Laryngeal Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Hsueh Chi-Yao , Gong Hongli , Cong Ning , Sun Ji , Lau Hui-Ching , Guo Yang , Huang Qiang , Yuan Xiaohui , Zhang Ming , Tao Lei , Zhou Liang
Published: September 2020

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma greatly impacts patients’ lives, and noninvasive means of prognostic assessment are valuable in determining the effectiveness of laryngectomy. We set out to study the microbial structure changes in the throat before and after laryngectomy and found the gene functions of several throat bacteria to be associated with human cancer signaling pathways. Our findings may offer insights into the disease management of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. We hope to provide a means of using molecular mechanisms to improve the prognosis of laryngeal cancer treatment and to facilitate relevant research.
Assessing the Variation within the Oral Microbiome of Healthy Adults
Authors: Nearing Jacob T. , DeClercq Vanessa , Van Limbergen Johan , Langille Morgan G. I.
Published: September 2020

The human oral cavity is inhabited by a diverse community of microbes, known as the human oral microbiome. These microbes play a role in maintaining both oral and systemic health and, as such, have been proposed to be useful biomarkers of disease. However, to identify these biomarkers, we first need to determine the composition and variation of the healthy oral microbiome. In this report, we investigate the oral microbiome of 1,049 healthy individuals to determine which genera and amplicon sequence variants are commonly found between individual oral microbiomes. We then further investigate how lifestyle, anthropometric, and dietary choices impact overall microbiome composition. Interestingly, the results from this investigation showed that while many features were significantly associated with oral microbiome composition, no single biological factor explained a variation larger than 2%. These results indicate that future work on biomarker detection may be encouraged by the lack of strong confounding factors.
Supplemental Material: Ice-rafted dropstones in “postglacial” Cryogenian cap carbonates
Authors: Le Heron Daniel , al. et
Published: September 2020

A three-dimensional model of a lonestone-bearing sample of the Rasthof Formation.
Transformation to plasmablastic lymphoma in CLL upon ibrutinib treatment
Authors: Marvyin Kristo , Tjønnfjord Eirik Brekka , Breland Unni Mathilde , Tjønnfjord Geir Erland
Published: September 2020

Chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common leukaemia in the Western world. Ibrutinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the treatment of choice on relapse or p53-dysfunction. Richter’s transformation to diffuse large B cell lymphoma is most often seen. However, transformation to other aggressive lymphomas as plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) does occur. PBL is an extremely aggressive lymphoma and is usually treated using a CHOP-like regimen (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone/dexamethasone), but with poor outcome. The only curative treatment is allogeneic stem cell transplant (ASCT).

We report on a case of CLL treated with ibrutinib that underwent transformation to PBL. Due to high expression of CD138, we added daratumumab to the chemotherapy with a good, but transitory response. The case did not make it to an ASCT. Targeting CD138 by daratumumab may be added to chemoimmune therapy for PBL.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of workplace-based distributed cardiopulmonary resuscitation training versus conventional annual basic life support training
Authors: Lin Yiqun , Hecker Kent , Cheng Adam , Grant Vincent J , Currie Gillian
Published: September 2020

Context

Although distributed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) practice has been shown to improve learning outcomes, little is known about the cost-effectiveness of this training strategy. This study assesses the cost-effectiveness of workplace-based distributed CPR practice with real-time feedback when compared with conventional annual CPR training.

Methods

We measured educational resource use, costs, and outcomes of both conventional training and distributed training groups in a prospective-randomised trial conducted with paediatric acute care providers over 12 months. Costs were calculated and reported from the perspective of the health institution. Incremental costs and effectiveness of distributed CPR training relative to conventional training were presented. Cost-effectiveness was expressed as an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) if appropriate. One-way sensitivity analyses and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were conducted.

Results

A total of 87 of 101 enrolled participants completed the training (46/53 in intervention and 41/48 in the control). Compared with conventional training, the distributed CPR training group had a higher proportion of participants achieving CPR excellence, defined as over 90% guideline compliant for chest compression depth, rate and recoil (control: 0.146 (6/41) vs intervention 0.543 (25/46), incremental effectiveness: +0.397) with decreased costs (control: $C266.50 vs intervention $C224.88 per trainee, incremental costs: −$C41.62). The sensitivity analysis showed that when the institution does not pay for the training time, distributed CPR training results in an ICER of $C147.05 per extra excellent CPR provider.

Conclusion

Workplace-based distributed CPR training with real-time feedback resulted in improved CPR quality by paediatric healthcare providers and decreased training costs, when training time is paid by the institution. If the institution does not pay for training time, implementing distributed training resulted in better CPR quality and increased costs, compared with conventional training. These findings contribute further evidence to the decision-making processes as to whether institutions/programmes should financially adopt these training programmes.