bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Muhtevâ ve Üslup Açısından Kur’an’da Secde Âyetleri
Authors: Aydın Halil İbrahim
Published: September 2023

Kur’an, hem üslubu hem de muhtevâsı itibarıyla mu´ciz bir yapıda vahiy edilmiştir. Bu yapı tilâvet secdesi ile ilgili âyetlerde de kendini göstermektedir. Secde âyetlerinin lafızsal boyutu (üslubu) ve bu üsluba bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan muhtevâsı, ifade zenginliği açısından önem arz etmektedir. Zira secde âyetleri yalnızca secde etmeyi emreden, tavsiye eden veya secde etmeye teşvik eden bir üslup ve muhtevâya sahip değildir. Bu âyetlerin secde etmenin ötesinde ifade ettiği (şirk koşmamak, Al-lah’a kulluk etmek, yüklenilen misyonu yerine getirmek gibi) başka muhtevâları da vardır. Çalışma-da secde âyetlerinde kullanılan lafızsal üslup ve bu üslubun manaya katkıları incelenmiştir. Kur’an’da okunduğu vakit tilâvet secdesi yapılması gereken âyetler mevcuttur. Tefsir, fıkıh ve hadis ilimlerinin konusu olan ve hadis kaynaklarında kendileri için hususî bölümlerin açıldığı bu âyetler, çeşitli üslup ve muhtevâya sahiptirler. Bu üslup ve muhtevâlarından dolayı rivâyetler farklı şekilde yorumlanarak secde âyetlerinin sayısı değişebilmiştir. Ayrıca secde etmenin icabı veya istihbâbı, secde etmenin zaman-mekân cihetiyle durumları fıkıh eserlerinde genişçe ele alınmıştır. Yine fıkıh ilminde yoğunlukla üzerinde durulduğundan dolayı bunlar ibadet maksatlı âyetler olarak algılan-maktadır. Lakin ilgili âyetler, tefsir ilmi açısından incelendiğinde sağlam bir inanç oluşturmaya yö-nelik indirilmiş iman içerikli âyetler oldukları anlaşılmaktadır. Lakin bu âyetlerdeki secde lafızları ile ilgili hususi bir çalışma yapılmadığı dikkati çekmektedir. Bu sebeple “Secde âyetleri” olarak te-lakki edilen bu pasajların üslûp ve muhtevâ açısından incelenmesi ve âyetlerdeki secde lafızlarının ifade ettiği anlamın ortaya konulması önem arz etmektedir. Bundan dolayı çalışmada tefsir ilmi açısından tilâvet secdesi âyetleri üslup ve muhtevâları yönünden ele alınarak hem içerdikleri ifade zenginliği hem de secde emriyle ifade edilen anlamın alanı ortaya konulmuştur.
PENTINGNYA KOMUNIKASI PUBLIK DALAM PEMASARAN PRODUK
Authors: Ramin Moh.
Published: September 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pentingnya komunikasi publik dalam pemasaran produk. Adapun metode yang digunakan yakni Metode penelitian kualitatif berfokus pada pemahaman mendalam, interpretasi, dan pengungkapan makna dari data yang dikumpulkan. Adapun Jenis penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti yakni studi kasus, penggunaan studi kasus dikarenakan peneliti dapat memahami secara mendalam konteks, proses, dan kompleksitas fenomena yang sedang diteliti. Hasil penelitian yaitu komunikasi dalam pemasaran produk, khususnya rokok, sangat diperlukan dalam rangka menaikkan penjualan produk. Komunikasi pemasaran merupakan proses penyampaian informasi dan pesan tentang produk kepada konsumen dengan tujuan untuk mempengaruhi perilaku konsumen, yaitu untuk mendorong konsumen untuk membeli produk tersebut. Komunikasi pemasaran dapat dilakukan melalui berbagai saluran, seperti iklan, promosi, publisitas, dan hubungan masyarakat.
Complejidad de la traducción cultural. Identificación y clasificación de los elementos culturales en "Scene from the Movie GIANT"
Authors: Cabañas Alamán Rafael
Published: September 2023

El propósito de este artículo es hacer un bosquejo crítico y refl exivo sobre estudios relacionados con la traducción cultural, teniendo en cuenta su complejidad y exponiendo ejemplos relevantes y concretos de diferentes culturas. En una segunda parte se clasificarán con detalle los elementos culturales que aparecen en la traducción al español del poemario "Scene from the Movie GIANT", de Tino Villanueva, con base en la teoría de Lucía Molina (2006).
How microscopic epistasis and clonal interference shape the fitness trajectory in a spin glass model of microbial long-term evolution
Authors: Boffi Nicholas M. , Guo Yipei , Rycroft Chris H. , Amir Ariel
Published: September 2023

The adaptive dynamics of evolving microbial populations takes place on a complex fitness landscape generated by epistatic interactions. The population generically consists of multiple competing strains, a phenomenon known as clonal interference. Microscopic epistasis and clonal interference are central aspects of evolution in microbes, but their combined effects on the functional form of the population’s mean fitness are poorly understood. Here, we develop a computational method that resolves the full microscopic complexity of a simulated evolving population subject to a standard serial dilution protocol. Through extensive numerical experimentation, we find that stronger microscopic epistasis gives rise to fitness trajectories with slower growth independent of the number of competing strains, which we quantify with power-law fits and understand mechanistically via a random walk model that neglects dynamical correlations between genes. We show that increasing the level of clonal interference leads to fitness trajectories with faster growth (in functional form) without microscopic epistasis, but leaves the rate of growth invariant when epistasis is sufficiently strong, indicating that the role of clonal interference depends intimately on the underlying fitness landscape. The simulation package for this work may be found at https://github.com/nmboffi/spin_glass_evodyn.
Coupling and uncoupling of midline morphogenesis and cell flow in amniote gastrulation
Authors: Asai Rieko , Prakash Vivek N. , Sinha Shubham , Prakash Manu , Mikawa Takashi
Published: September 2023

Large-scale cell flow characterizes gastrulation in animal development. In amniote gastrulation, a bilateral vortex-like counter-rotating cell flow, called ‘polonaise movements’, appears along the midline. Here, through experimental manipulations, we addressed relationships between the polonaise movements and morphogenesis of the primitive streak, the earliest midline structure in amniotes. Suppression of the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway maintains the polonaise movements along a deformed primitive streak. Mitotic arrest leads to diminished extension and development of the primitive streak and maintains the early phase of the polonaise movements. Ectopically induced Vg1, an axis-inducing morphogen, generates the polonaise movements, aligned to the induced midline, but disturbs the stereotypical cell flow pattern at the authentic midline. Despite the altered cell flow, induction and extension of the primitive streak are preserved along both authentic and induced midlines. Finally, we show that ectopic axis-inducing morphogen, Vg1, is capable of initiating the polonaise movements without concomitant PS extension under mitotic arrest conditions. These results are consistent with a model wherein primitive streak morphogenesis is required for the maintenance of the polonaise movements, but the polonaise movements are not necessarily responsible for primitive streak morphogenesis. Our data describe a previously undefined relationship between the large-scale cell flow and midline morphogenesis in gastrulation.
Minimal twister sister-like self-cleaving ribozymes in the human genome revealed by deep mutational scanning
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Hong Xu , Xiong Peng , Wang Junfeng , Zhou Yaoqi , Zhan Jian
Published: September 2023

Despite their importance in a wide range of living organisms, self-cleaving ribozymes in the human genome are few and poorly studied. Here, we performed deep mutational scanning and covariance analysis of two previously proposed self-cleaving ribozymes (LINE-1 and OR4K15). We found that the regions essential for ribozyme activities are made of two short segments, with a total of 35 and 31 nucleotides only. The discovery makes them the simplest known self-cleaving ribozymes. Moreover, the essential regions are circular permutated with two nearly identical catalytic internal loops, supported by two stems of different lengths. These two self-cleaving ribozymes, which are shaped like lanterns, are similar to the catalytic regions of the twister sister ribozymes in terms of sequence and secondary structure. However, the nucleotides at the cleavage site have shown that mutational effects on two twister sister-like (TS-like) ribozymes are different from the twister sister ribozyme. The discovery of TS-like ribozymes reveals a ribozyme class with the simplest and, perhaps, the most primitive structure needed for self-cleavage.
Major patterns in the introgression history of Heliconius butterflies
Authors: Thawornwattana Yuttapong , Seixas Fernando A. , Yang Ziheng , Mallet James
Published: September 2023

Gene flow between species is an important evolutionary process that can facilitate adaptation and lead to species diversification. It also makes reconstruction of species relationships difficult. Here, we use the full-likelihood multispecies coalescent (MSC) approach to estimate species phylogeny and major introgression events in
Heliconius
butterflies from whole-genome sequence data. We obtain a robust estimate of species branching order among major clades in the genus, including the “melpomene-silvaniform” group, which shows extensive historical and on-going gene flow. We obtain chromosome-level estimates of key parameters in the species phylogeny, including species divergence times, present-day and ancestral population sizes as well as the direction, timing, and intensity of gene flow. Our analysis leads to a phylogeny with introgression events that differ from those obtained in previous studies. We find that
H. aoede
most likely represents the earliest-branching lineage of the genus and that “silvaniform” species are paraphyletic within the melpomene-silvaniform group. Our phylogeny provides new, parsimonious histories for the origins of key traits in
Heliconius
, including pollen feeding and an inversion involved in wing pattern mimicry. Our results demonstrate the power and feasibility of the full-likelihood MSC approach for estimating species phylogeny and key population parameters despite extensive gene flow. The methods used here should be useful for analysis of other difficult species groups with high rates of introgression.
A TOPBP1 Allele Causing Male Infertility Uncouples XY Silencing Dynamics From Sex Body Formation
Authors: Ascencao Carolline F. R. , Sims Jennie R. , Dziubek Alexis , Comstock William , Fogarty Elizabeth A. , Badar Jumana , Freire Raimundo , Grimson Andrew , Weiss Robert S. , Cohen Paula E. , Smolka Marcus
Published: September 2023

Meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI) is a critical feature of meiotic prophase I progression in males. While the ATR kinase and its activator TOPBP1 are key drivers of MSCI within the specialized sex body (SB) domain of the nucleus, how they promote silencing remains unclear given their multifaceted meiotic functions that also include DNA repair, chromosome synapsis and SB formation. Here we report a novel mutant mouse harboring mutations in the TOPBP1-BRCT5 domain.

Topbp1
B5/B5

males are infertile, with impaired MSCI despite displaying grossly normal events of early prophase I, including synapsis and SB formation. Specific ATR-dependent events are disrupted including phosphorylation and localization of the RNA:DNA helicase Senataxin.

Topbp1
B5/B5

spermatocytes initiate, but cannot maintain ongoing, MSCI. These findings reveal a non-canonical role for the ATR-TOPBP1 signaling axis in MSCI dynamics at advanced stages in pachynema and establish the first mouse mutant that separates ATR signaling and MSCI from SB formation.
Working the Boundaries of Social Work: Artificial Intelligence and the Profession of Social Work
Authors: Meilvang Marie Leth
Published: September 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithmic decision-support are relatively new technologies within the field of social work. This paper investigates how the social work profession in Denmark responds to the current technological changes. Analysing articles from professional journals associated with the Danish Association of Social Workers, online content on the association’s website, and interviews with key actors involved in the association’s work on technology, this paper shows how professional agents legitimize and criticise these technologies, thereby performing different kinds of boundary work. The paper will show how such boundary work, carried out by the profession of social work in Denmark, change over time, and how, in the discussion on artificial intelligence, the profession reinforces its own position within the welfare state, demarcates the boundaries between the profession of social work and other occupational groups, and formulates a new professional project.
Molecular species composition of polar lipids from two microalgae Nitzschia palea and Scenedesmus costatus using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS
Authors: Mazzella Nicolas , Fadhlaoui Mariem , Moreira Aurélie , Morin Soizic
Published: September 2023

This study examines the polar lipid profiles of two freshwater algae, Scenedesmus costatus and Nitzschia palea. HILIC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was used to determine and quantify the major phospholipids and glycolipids, as well as their relative molecular species, extracted from the two microalgal cultures. Glycolipids were eluted first, followed by phospholipids partially co-eluting with a sulfoglycolipid. The fragmentation pattern in the negative ionization mode for galactolipids was studied, revealing the stereospecific distribution of fatty acids on the glycerol backbone. Green algae frequently include 18:3 fatty acid in both phospholipids and galactolipids, while monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) were more saturated and contained shorter acyls. The diatom phospholipids contained mainly molecular species with saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids, while MGDG and DGDG exhibited a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as the unique and abundant MGDG (20:5/20:2).
Data assimilation for modeling biophysical variables in Central Chile vineyards
Authors:   , García Gutiérrez Víctor Alfonso
Published: September 2023

Given the importance of phenology and evapotranspiration in Mediterranean vineyards, this doctoral thesis aims to answer the question, “How much does a model based on data assimilation with Sentinel-2 improve the goodness of fit of methods that estimate vineyard phenology and evapotranspiration?”. Chapter 2, entitled “Modeling phenology combining Data Assimilation techniques and Bioclimatic Indices in a Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard in Central Chile,” has the objective of evaluating a phenology model based on data assimilation with a phenological weather model and Sentinel-2 land surface phenology. Additionally, Chapter 3, entitled “Evaluation of Penman-Monteith Model Based on Sentinel-2 Data for the Estimation of Actual Evapotranspiration in Vineyards”, evaluates the Penman-Monteith model for remote sensing data based on the Leuning approach and a novel approach that incorporates the Stewart stomatal conductance model, by comparing independent data from an eddy covariance system. Finally, Chapter 4 concludes with the key findings and limitations of the research, and consequently, future research is proposed.
Oportunidades para responder como evaluación formativa para estudiantes con problemas emocionales y de comportamiento
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Educación, Loyola López Catalina Paz
Published: September 2023

Los problemas emocionales y de comportamiento (EBD) generan en los estudiantes bajo rendimiento el cual conlleva consecuencias como la expulsión y la deserción escolar. Los docentes, tanto generales como diferenciales, no se encuentran con las herramientas necesarias para trabajar con ellos o se sienten sobrepasados. En el contexto seleccionado, estos estudiantes reciben apoyo para evitar su repitencia y deserción, pero no son ayudados en la mejora de sus aprendizajes. Frente a esto, se busca diseñar una estrategia de evaluación formativa que incluya a las OTR, práctica de enseñanza que ha demostrado funcionar con estudiantes EBD al mejorar su comportamiento y aprendizajes. La estrategia diseñada cuenta con cuatro instrumentos, una planificación, una rúbrica, una pauta de observación y una matriz de recopilación de datos, las cuales han sido validadas por jueces expertos. Luego de la aplicación, se obtienen resultados que demuestran cuales son las estrategias más efectivas y que se logra por medio de ellas a nivel de comportamiento y aprendizaje. Finalmente se analiza como la situación emocional de los estudiantes genera déficit en su autorregulación, llegando a la conclusión de que se debe trabajar en que los estudiantes obtengan situaciones de éxito, para ir disminuyendo su sensación de impotencia y fracaso, mejorando participación y conducta, para luego preocuparnos por la obtención de sus aprendizajes.
Enhancing the Efficiency of the Double-Tube Heat Exchanger by Using a Twisted Inner Tube
Authors: Ali Hussein Hayder Mohammed , Tahir Fatima
Published: September 2023

This study utilized two double tube-type heat exchangers. The first exchanger employed a smooth inner tube, while the second one utilized a twisted inner tube. The shell was constructed of plastic (PVC), while the tube was made of copper with a length of 1000 mm, an outer diameter of 62.24 mm, a smooth tube inner diameter of 14.2 mm, and an equivalent diameter of 11.8 mm for the twisted tube. To minimize heat loss, the shell was insulated externally with a thermal insulator. A flow rate of 3 liters per minute of hot water was passed through a ring-shaped tunnel, with an inlet temperature of 63 °C, to enhance the heat exchanger's performance. The experimental results of the two heat exchangers (smooth and twisted inner tubes) were compared, and the use of water as the primary fluid led to improved performance. The twisted inner tube-type heat exchanger achieved a maximum efficiency of 0.33 at a volumetric flow rate of 5 liters per minute, while the maximum improvement in effectiveness was 65.71% at a volume flow rate of 3 liters per minute in the twisted inner tube-type heat exchanger.
Racial Differences in Clinical Presentation in Individuals Diagnosed With Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Jin Hannah A. , McMillan Corey T. , Yannatos Isabel , Fisher Lauren , Rhodes Emma , Jacoby Sarah F. , Irwin David J. , Massimo Lauren
Published: September 2023

Importance

Prior research suggests there are racial disparities in the presentation of dementia, but this has not been investigated in the context of frontotemporal dementia (FTD).

Objective

To explore racial disparities in dementia severity, functional impairment, and neuropsychiatric symptoms in individuals with a diagnosis of FTD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This exploratory cross-sectional study of National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) data collected between June 2005 to August 2021 evaluated Asian, Black, and White individuals with a diagnosis of FTD (behavioral variant FTD or primary progressive aphasia). Excluded were races with limited data, including American Indian or Alaska Native (n = 4), Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (n = 3), other (n = 13), and unknown (n = 24), and participants with symptom duration more than 4 SDs above the mean.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Racial differences at initial NACC visit were examined on Clinical Dementia Rating Dementia Staging Instrument plus NACC Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Behavior & Language Domains (FTLD-CDR), Functional Assessment Scale, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory using regression models. Matching was also performed to address the imbalance between racial groups.

Results

The final sample comprised 2478 individuals, of which 59 (2.4%) were Asian, 63 (2.5%) were Black, and 2356 (95.1%) were White. The mean (SD) age at initial visit was 65.3 (9.4) years and symptom duration at initial visit was 67.5 (35.6) months. Asian and Black individuals were considerably underrepresented, comprising a small percent of the sample. Black individuals had a higher degree of dementia severity on FTLD-CDR (β = 0.64; SE = 0.24; P = .006) and FTLD-CDR sum of boxes (β = 1.21; SE = 0.57; P = .03) and greater functional impairment (β = 3.83; SE = 1.49; P = .01). There were no differences on FTLD-CDR and Functional Assessment Scale between Asian and White individuals. Black individuals were found to exhibit a higher frequency of delusions, agitation, and depression (delusions: odds ratio [OR], 2.18; 95% CI, 1.15-3.93; P = .01; agitation: OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.03-2.93; P = .04; depression: OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.05-2.92; P = .03). Asian individuals were found to exhibit a higher frequency of apathy (OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.09-3.78; P = .03), nighttime behaviors (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.01-2.91; P = .04), and appetite/eating (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.17-3.47; P = .01) compared to White individuals.

Conclusions and Relevance

This exploratory study suggests there are racial disparities in dementia severity, functional impairment, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Future work must address racial disparities and their underlying determinants as well as the lack of representation of racially minoritized individuals in nationally representative dementia registries.
Biopolymer Composites Material Extrusion and their Applications: A Review
Authors: Li Dan , Yang Yunxia , Elias Anastasia L. , Yan Ning , Guo Fu
Published: September 2023

Advances in additive manufacturing are leading to the emergence of new printable applications, including sensors for healthcare monitoring and bioengineering scaffolds. Research is driven by designing new printable inks including composites that can be extruded and respond to changes in their surroundings and patterning these materials on the microscale. In modern printing techniques, an emerging modified three‐dimensional (3D) printing method: materials extrusion has been utilized for customizable electronics because of its high compatibility with various inks, low cost, and versatility to different levels of complexity. Material extrusion enables not only the printing of 2D and 3D architecture of the electrode structure but also the bioprinting of structures such as conductive scaffolds. In this review, fundamental insights into rational printable ink formulation including colloidal suspensions, gels, polymer melts, composites, printing criteria, processes, and applications toward printable electronics using composites composed of nanomaterials and biopolymers are fully discussed. New manufacturing insights on how to further improve the resolution and simplify the printing process of responsive materials are discussed, which have not been seen in currently published representative reviews. It is envisioned that this review provides high scientific merits to readers working in wearable devices, biological smart materials, and flexible nanoelectronics.
Robust and Accessible True Random Number Generator Exploiting the Structural Frustration of Nematic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Lee Jun‐Yong , Lee Jae Hoon , Kim Jae Soon , Yu Jeong‐Seon , Kim Jong‐Hyun
Published: September 2023

The study proposes a highly credible true random number generator based on the structural frustration of nematic liquid crystals, which refers to the appearance of two energetically equivalent structures in a nematic system. Frustration is induced in a simple liquid crystal cell by applying an electric field and observing optical textures under crossed polarizers. A clockwise or counterclockwise spiral image appears on 630 separate circular electrodes under the electric field, and random binary sequences are obtained by assigning a digit of 0 or 1 to each image. These sequences pass the strict statistical randomness tests of the National Institute of Standards and Technology with a pass rate of 0.992 or higher for the ten applicable tests and exhibit excellent uniformity. Furthermore, a simple method is introduced to convert the binary results to random decimal numbers with only a minimal amount of data processing.
Anesthesia‐induced hippocampal‐cortical hyperactivity and tau hyperphosphorylation impair remote memory retrieval in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chen Kai , Gupta Riya , Martín‐Ávila Alejandro , Cui Meng , Xie Zhongcong , Yang Guang
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION

Anesthesia often exacerbates memory recall difficulties in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

METHODS

We used in vivo Ca2+ imaging, viral‐based circuit tracing, and chemogenetic approaches to investigate anesthesia‐induced remote memory impairment in mouse models of presymptomatic AD.

RESULTS

Our study identified pyramidal neuron hyperactivity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as a significant contributor to anesthesia‐induced remote memory impairment. This ACC hyperactivation arises from the disinhibition of local inhibitory circuits and increased excitatory inputs from the hippocampal CA1 region. Inhibiting hyperactivity in the CA1‐ACC circuit improved memory recall after anesthesia. Moreover, anesthesia led to increased tau phosphorylation in the hippocampus, and inhibiting this hyperphosphorylation prevented ACC hyperactivity and subsequent memory impairment.

DISCUSSION

Hippocampal‐cortical hyperactivity plays a role in anesthesia‐induced remote memory impairment. Targeting tau hyperphosphorylation shows promise as a therapeutic strategy to mitigate anesthesia‐induced neural network dysfunction and retrograde amnesia in AD.
Enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness in multiphase nanocomposites based on poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene), nano‐Fe2O3, graphene nanoplatelets, and nanodiamonds
Authors: Thanasekaran Gayathri , Ahamed M. Basheer , Deshmukh Kalim , Venkatachalam Subramanian
Published: September 2023

Iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles (NPs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), and nanodiamonds (NDs) reinforced poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) nanocomposites were synthesized by a solvent casting technique. The structure and morphology of synthesized nanocomposites were studied using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The thermal behavior of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) was studied by the thermogravimetric analysis and the derivative thermogravimetry. The dielectric measurements were carried out within the temperature range from 40 to 150°C and in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 15 MHz. At 50 Hz, 140°C, the highest dielectric constant of 92.46 was noted, for the PVDF‐HFP + 10 wt% Fe2O3 + 6 wt% GNPs + 3 wt% NDs and the highest dielectric loss tangent has been observed to be 24.75 at 50 Hz, 140°C for the PVDF‐HFP + 10 wt% Fe2O3 + 4 wt% GNPs + 2 wt% NDs. The electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) was studied in the X‐band and Ku‐band frequency regions (8–18 GHz). High EMI SE values of 31.60 dB and 34 dB were observed for PVDF‐HFP/Fe2O3/GNPs/NDs nanocomposites with 10 wt% Fe2O3 + 8 wt% GNPs + 4 wt% NDs in X‐band and Ku‐band, respectively. These findings suggests PVDF‐HFP/Fe2O3/GNPs/NDs‐based PNCs as an appealing material for EMI shielding applications.
Exploration of 3‐aryl pyrazole‐tethered sulfamoyl carboxamides as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Authors: Ommi Ojaswitha , Paoletti Niccolò , Bonardi Alessandro , Gratteri Paola , Bhalerao Harshada Anil , Sau Shashikanta , Nanduri Srinivas , Mohammed Arifuddin , Kalia Nitin Pal , Sonti Rajesh , Supuran Claudiu T. , Yaddanapudi Venkata Madhavi
Published: September 2023

Herein, we report the design and synthesis of two series of pyrazole‐tethered sulfamoyl phenyl acetamides and pyrazole‐tethered sulfamoyl phenyl benzamides. The synthesized compounds were investigated for inhibiting two human carbonic anhydrases, human carbonic anhydrases (hCA) I and II, and those of the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mtCA 1–3. The results indicate that, among the synthesized compounds, pyrazoles with 4‐aminobenzene sulfonamide were more selective toward hCA I and II over mtCAs, and compounds with 3‐aminobenzene sulfonamide were selective toward mtCA 1–3 over hCA I, II. Compound 6g showed significant and selective inhibition toward hCA I and II, with Ki values of 0.0366 and 0.0310 µM, respectively. Compound 5g exhibited the best inhibition toward mtCA 2, with a Ki value of 0.0617 µM. Among the benzamides, compound 9b exhibited significant activity toward mtCA 2, with a Ki value of 0.0696 µM. Selectivity of these compounds was further supported by docking studies. When tested for antitubercular activity, many compounds showed moderate to good inhibition against the Mtb H37Rv strain, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range of 4–128 µg/mL.
Oxidative Stress by the Mitochondrial Monoamine Oxidase B Mediates Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal–Induced Arthritis
Authors: Venegas Francisca C. , Sánchez‐Rodríguez Ricardo , Luisetto Roberto , Angioni Roberta , Viola Antonella , Canton Marcella
Published: September 2023

Objective

Calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystal deposition in the joints is associated with a heterogeneous set of debilitating syndromes characterized by inflammation and pain, for which no effective therapies are currently available. Because we found that the mitochondrial enzyme monoamine oxidase B (MAO‐B) plays a fundamental role in promoting inflammatory pathways, this study aims at assessing the efficacy of two clinical‐grade inhibitors (iMAO‐Bs) in preclinical models of this disease to pave the way for a novel treatment.

Methods

We tested our hypothesis in two murine models of CPP‐induced arthritis, by measuring cytokine and chemokine levels, along with immune cell recruitment. iMAO‐Bs (rasagiline and safinamide) were administered either before or after crystal injection. To elucidate the molecular mechanism, we challenged in vitro primed macrophages with CPP crystals and assessed the impact of iMAO‐Bs in dampening proinflammatory cytokines and in preserving mitochondrial function.

Results

Both in preventive and therapeutic in vivo protocols, iMAO‐Bs blunted the release of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]‐6 and IL1‐β) and chemokines (CXCL10, CXCL1, CCL2 and CCL5) (n > 6 mice/group). Importantly, they also significantly reduced ankle swelling (50.3% vs 17.1%; P < 0.001 and 23.1%; P = 0.005 for rasagiline and safinamide, respectively). Mechanistically, iMAO‐Bs dampened the burst of reactive oxygen species and the mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by CPP crystals in isolated macrophages. Moreover, iMAO‐Bs blunted cytokine secretion and NLRP3 inflammasome activation through inhibition of the NF‐κB and STAT3 pathways.

Conclusion

iMAO‐Bs dampen inflammation in murine models of crystal‐induced arthropathy, thereby uncovering MAO‐B as a promising target to treat these diseases.

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The anti‐spermatogenic activity of nanoliposomes loaded with Heracleum persicum phenolic compounds in Balb/C mice
Authors: Alami Seyed Amirsajjad , Payrovnaziri Aryan , Seghatoleslami Saeed , Faraji Sara , Bajgiran Fatemeh Rahimzadeh , Poorbagher Mahsa Rastegar Moghaddam , Shafaei Negin , Karimi Ehsan , Oskoueian Ehsan
Published: September 2023

There are various types of bioactivities that have been reported for Heracleum persicum species, such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and cytotoxicity properties. In the current study, the bio‐accessibility of H. persicum bioactive compounds was improved by purifying its phenolic‐enriched fractions (PEF) and encapsulating them into nanoliposomes to analyze its cytotoxic impacts on mice testicular tissue and their fertility status. Nano liposomal H. persicum PEF (NL‐HPEF) was prepared by ultrasound‐based encapsulation of HPEF and L‐agranular lecithin mixture. The size, morphology, and stability of NL‐HPEF were characterized by dynamic light scattering, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and zeta potential analysis. The 18 white male Balb/c mice (20–25 g) at 3 treatment groups were provided to study the NL‐HPPF cytotoxicity by measuring the mice liver enzyme including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ALP and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), testis lipid peroxidation, and testicular tissue destruction levels. Moreover, the mice's fertility was evaluated by studying the Adam3, Prm1, Spata19, and Tnp2 gene expression in the testicular tissues. The obtained results manifested that the synthesized NL‐HPEF was stable (193.7 nm) and exhibited a notable cytotoxic impact on the mice's liver (ALT and AST enhancement levels) and testicular tissues. Moreover, their increasing treatment doses impaired the male mice's fertility by decreasing the sperm count, viability, and motility. In addition, fertility suppression was verified by decreasing serum testosterone and downregulating the Adam3, Prm1, Spata19, and Tnp2 gene expression in their testicular tissues. The male mice's fertility was significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed by increasing treatment doses of NL‐HPEF. Hence, the NL‐HPEF could be considered a promising alternative to replace the male chemical contraceptives drugs.
Biological systems — “Symphonies of Life”: Reviving Friedrich Cramer's general resonance theory
Authors: Angeler David G.
Published: September 2023

Understanding biological systems in terms of scientific materialism has arguably reached a frontier, leaving fundamental questions about their complexity unanswered. In 1998, Friedrich Cramer proposed a general resonance theory as a way forward. His theory builds on the extension of the quantum physical duality of matter and wave to the macroscopic world. According to Cramer’ theory, agents constituting biological systems oscillate, akin to musical soundwaves, at specific eigenfrequencies. Biological system dynamics can be described as “Symphonies of Life” emerging from the resonance (and dissonance) of eigenfrequencies within the interacting collective. His theory has potential for studying biological problems of increasing complexity in a fast‐changing Anthropocene from a new and transdisciplinary angle. Despite data becoming increasingly available for analyses, Cramer's theory remains ignored and therefore untested a quarter century after its publication. This paper discusses how the theory can move to quantitative assessments and application. Cramer's general resonance theory deserves revival.
Isocucurbic Acid Derivatives and Soluble Epoxide Hydroxylase Inhibitors from the Flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum L.
Authors: Trang Bui Thi Thu , Kim Jang Hoon , Luyen Bui Thi Thuy
Published: September 2023

Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitory activity guided fractionation and isolation of two new isocucurbic acid derivatives (1 and 2) and nine known compounds (3–11) from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum L. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation and comparison with those reported in previous studies. Luteolin (3), acacetin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (6), and methyl 3,4‐di‐O‐caffeoylquinate (10) displayed sEH inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 13.7±3.6 to 20.8±0.4 μM. Enzyme kinetic analysis revealed that 3, 6, and 10 were non‐competitive inhibitors with Ki values of 14.8±0.5, 31.2±0.8, and 3.9±0.2 μM, respectively. Additionally, molecular docking studies indicated compound 10 had the ability to form six hydrogen bonds at sEH active site, resulting binding energy as low as −9.58 Kcal/mol.
Psychological screening service for men newly admitted to an Italian prison: Preliminary clinical outcome analysis after 1 year of clinical activity
Authors: Pelizza Lorenzo , Rossi Enrico , Zambelli Ursula , Violante Elisa , Scarci Melania , Mammone Elena , Adriani Adriana , Pupo Simona , Paulillo Giuseppina , Pellegrini Pietro
Published: September 2023

Background

Screening for mental disorders among prisoners is crucial for early detection and intervention of psychopathology and substance use disorders. In Italy, only a minority of prisons have implemented a structured screening process, and there is not yet a standard approach to this worldwide.

Aims

First, to describe a systematic psychological screening for early identification of mental disorder, including drug use disorders, and suicide risk among men on reception into one Italian prison, designed to inform management and, secondly, to describe mental health outcomes among those prisoners accepted into the in‐reach mental health service as a result of the assessment.

Methods

All prisoners newly received in the Parma Penitentiary Institute at any time in 2020 were screened using the Jail Screening Assessment Tool. Those who screened positive for any mental disorder, including substance use disorders and suicide indicators, were asked to complete the Parma Scale for the treatment evaluation of offenders with psychiatric disorders (Pr‐Scale), a locally developed tool that allows for the measurement of mental state change as well as changes in treatment and management. Scores on this scale soon after reception were compared with scores after 1 year of work with the in‐reach team.

Results

Among 303 newly admitted male prisoners in 2020, 167 (55%) screened positive for substance use disorder and 30 (10%) for other primary mental disorders. Most of these (n = 151) were offered and accepted care by the mental health in‐reach service. After 1 year, those who had been treated by this service showed significant improvement in all Pr‐Scale clinical variables.

Conclusions

Our findings support the extension of a psychological screening into a service for new receptions to Italian prisons. They add evidence for the utility of the Pr‐Scale for detecting those newly admitted prisoners likely to benefit from early mental health interventions provided by in‐reach services and for evidencing resultant change. Future studies are needed to replicate our results in other Italian prisons as a precursor to systems improvement, while other countries might also benefit from using similar evaluation and reevaluation routinely.
Oxy‐ and Chloroarylation Pathways in Gold‐Mediated Cyclization of 2‐Aminoaryl‐3‐arylpropargyl‐benzenesulfonamides
Authors: Díaz‐Salazar Howard , Medina‐Mercado Ignacio , Salvador‐Reyes Román , Barquera‐Lozada José Enrique , Martínez‐Otero Diego , Porcel Susana
Published: September 2023

A one‐pot diazotization/gold‐mediated cyclization of 2‐aminoaryl‐3‐arylpropargyl‐benzenesulfonamides is described. After diazotization, Me2SAuCl triggers an oxy‐ and/or chloroarylation of the alkyne moiety, resulting in the formation of 3‐acylindoles and/or Z‐3‐(chloromethylene)indolines. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations show the significant energetic preference of both processes over an insertion pathway. Notably, a Z‐3‐(chloromethylene)indoline crystallized with [Cl‐Au‐Cl],− exhibiting Au⋅⋅⋅H−C short contacts.
Breast health equity along the cancer care continuum: A collaborative grant initiative
Authors: Marlow Emily C. , Wysocki Karla L. , Wehling Kristen A. , Makaroff Laura A.
Published: September 2023

A competitive grants program developed by the American Cancer Society and Pfizer Global Medical Grants funded nine community‐engaged projects with innovative interventions aimed at reducing breast cancer mortality disparities between Black and White women. This introduction details the purpose and scope of this program and addresses the potential of community‐driven projects along the cancer care continuum.
Barriers and motivators to women’s cancer screening: A qualitative study of a sample of diverse women
Authors: MacKinnon Kelsey M. , Risica Patricia Markham , von Ash Tayla , Scharf Allegra L. , Lamy Eric C.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Cancer is an enormous public health challenge in the United States and around the world. Early detection through screening can identify cancer when it is most treatable and can result in greater survival rates; however, racial and ethnic disparities in breast and cervical screening result in late diagnosis and a higher risk of poor outcomes and death for women of color.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine barriers that a diverse sample of women in Rhode Island face related to breast and cervical cancer screening, as well as motivators that encourage women to obtain screening services.

Design and methods

Women, most of whom self‐identified as Black or Hispanic, who were aged 40 years and older, were recruited to participate in focus groups via Zoom. The main topics of the discussions included thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, and prior experiences with screening.

Results

Forty‐seven women from Rhode Island participated in a total of six focus groups. The following themes emerged: (1) fear, lack of knowledge, cultural beliefs, and the role of women as caretakers are personal barriers; (2) communication challenges, a shortage of primary care providers and negative health experiences are system barriers; and (3) family history of cancer, encouragement from providers, and clinic reminders are motivators that encourage women to get screened.

Conclusions

Results suggest that communities must focus on eliminating barriers, promoting motivators, and expanding access to supportive screening services to reduce the number of cases and deaths due to breast and cervical cancer.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing captures patient‐level heterogeneity and associated molecular phenotypes in breast cancer pleural effusions
Authors: Whitfield Holly J. , Berthelet Jean , Mangiola Stefano , Bell Caroline , Anderson Robin L. , Pal Bhupinder , Yeo Belinda , Papenfuss Anthony T. , Merino Delphine , Davis Melissa J.
Published: September 2023

Background

Malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) are a common complication of advanced cancers, particularly those adjacent to the pleura, such as lung and breast cancer. The pathophysiology of MPE formation remains poorly understood, and although MPEs are routinely used for the diagnosis of breast cancer patients, their composition and biology are poorly understood. It is difficult to distinguish invading malignant cells from resident mesothelial cells and to identify the directionality of interactions between these populations in the pleura. There is a need to characterize the phenotypic diversity of breast cancer cell populations in the pleural microenvironment, and investigate how this varies across patients.

Methods

Here, we used single‐cell RNA‐sequencing to study the heterogeneity of 10 MPEs from seven metastatic breast cancer patients, including three Miltenyi‐enriched samples using a negative selection approach. This dataset of almost 65 000 cells was analysed using integrative approaches to compare heterogeneous cell populations and phenotypes.

Results

We identified substantial inter‐patient heterogeneity in the composition of cell types (including malignant, mesothelial and immune cell populations), in expression of subtype‐specific gene signatures and in copy number aberration patterns, that captured variability across breast cancer cell populations. Within individual MPEs, we distinguished mesothelial cell populations from malignant cells using key markers, the presence of breast cancer subtype expression patterns and copy number aberration patterns. We also identified pleural mesothelial cells expressing a cancer‐associated fibroblast‐like transcriptomic program that may support cancer growth.

Conclusions

Our dataset presents the first unbiased assessment of breast cancer‐associated MPEs at a single cell resolution, providing the community with a valuable resource for the study of MPEs. Our work highlights the molecular and cellular diversity captured in MPEs and motivates the potential use of these clinically relevant biopsies in the development of targeted therapeutics for patients with advanced breast cancer.
Exploring the effect of prenatal maternal stress on the microbiomes of mothers and infants: A systematic review
Authors: Mepham Jennifer , Nelles‐McGee Taylor , Andrews Krysta , Gonzalez Andrea
Published: September 2023

Prenatal maternal stress (PNMS)—characterized by exposure to stress, anxiety, depression, or intimate partner violence—has been linked to biological alterations in infants, including disruptions to their intestinal microbiota, which have long‐term implications for children's developmental outcomes. Significant research has been done examining the effects of PNMS on the microbiome in animals, but less is known about these effects in human research. The current systematic review aimed to synthesize current findings on the association between PNMS and mother and infant microbiomes. Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and Eric databases were searched through to February 2022. A total of eight studies (n = 2219 infants, 2202 mothers) were included in the qualitative synthesis. Findings provided promising evidence of the role that PNMS plays in altering the microbial composition, diversity, and gut immunity in mothers and infants. Notably, majority of included studies found that higher PNMS was linked to increases in genera from the phylum Proteobacteria. The factors influencing these effects are explored including nutrition, birth mode, and parenting behaviors. Potential interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of PNMS are discussed, along with recommendations for future studies with longitudinal designs to better understand the appropriate type and timing of interventions needed to promote “healthy” maternal and infant microbial functioning.
Increased snow cover enhances gross primary productivity in cold and dry regions of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Hao , Xiao Pengfeng , Zhang Xueliang , Wu Youlv
Published: September 2023

Snow cover is an important control element in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) ecosystem; however, the impact of snow cover changes on gross primary productivity (GPP) is largely unknown, particularly under complex geographical conditions. In this study, we investigated the impacts of snow cover changes on different seasonal GPP and their mechanisms in different geographical zones using multisource remote sensing data from 1982 to 2018. Snow cover significantly affected GPP by nearly 15% of the TP region, and snow cover days (SCDs) were the dominant snow cover indicators affecting GPP variations compared with snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow cover end date (SCED). In general, an increase in snow cover leads to a significant increase in GPP in regions with low precipitation and temperature, but limits the accumulation of GPP in humid and warm regions. Furthermore, from the humid to the arid zone, the “moisture effect” of snow cover (by altering soil moisture) plays an increasingly important role in regulating GPP variations with increasing drought levels. This study elucidates the importance of snow cover in regulating different seasonal GPP variations and significantly improves our insight into the response of vegetation carbon uptake to snow cover changes in the TP.
An Unexpected Synthesis of Crowded Triphenylenes
Authors: Wang Jameson , Izumi Elissa , Du Yuchen , Mague Joel T. , Pascal Robert A.
Published: September 2023

In attempts to make octaphenyldibenzofuran (7) and octaphenyldibenzothiophene (8), 2,5‐dibromofuran (4) and 2,5‐dibromothiophene (5), respectively, were heated with tetracyclone (2) under forcing conditions, but only single addition products, such as 2‐bromo‐4,5,6,7‐tetraphenylbenzofuran (10) and 2‐bromo‐4,5,6,7‐tetraphenylbenzothiophene (12) were observed. However, when 2,5‐dibromothiophene‐1,1‐dioxide (6) was heated with tetracyclone, the chief product was 1,2,3,4,6,7,8‐heptaphenyltriphenylene (14). Similarly, when compound 6 was heated with acecyclone (15), the product was 11,18,20‐triphenyldiacenaphtho[a,h]triphenylene (16). Both 14 and 16 have been characterized by X‐ray crystallography. They are proposed to form from double Diels‐Alder addition products of the cyclopentadienones by extrusion of sulfur dioxide and rearrangement of the resulting radicals.