bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of capacitive accelerometer operation by parameters improvement
Authors: Ghemari Zine , Saad Salah
Published: February 2019

In the present paper, a mathematical model suitable for capacitive accelerometer is developed by applying the fundamental principle of dynamics and validated by simulation and experiment test. This model aims to visualize the capacitance variation of the accelerometer as a function of relative movement frequency. The main motivation key role of this paper is to propose a capacitive accelerometer with improved parameters. Therefore, in capacitive detection, the damping rate choice is directly influenced by the variation in capacitance; for this purpose, a comparative study of three damping rates is carried out. The first accelerometer is used in practical tests, the second is presented and studied in recent literature, and the third is the accelerometer proposed in this work.

A new expression is extracted from the damping ratio as a function of measurement error to determine the damping rate according to a desired measurement error value. Finally, a new capacitive accelerometer with improved parameters having many advantages over the existing accelerometers is obtained. Simulation and experimental results have enabled us to recommend a new capacitive accelerometer design with very low measurement error (limited to 0.25%), high accuracy (equal to 99.75%), high sensitivity and reliability, and low electrical energy consumption.
Characterization of a phospholipid‐regulated β‐galactosidase from Akkermansia muciniphila involved in mucin degradation
Authors: Kosciow Konrad , Deppenmeier Uwe
Published: February 2019

The gut microbe Akkermansia muciniphila is important for the human health as the occurrence of the organism is inversely correlated with different metabolic disorders. The metabolism of the organism includes the degradation of intestinal mucins. Thus, the gut health‐promoting properties are not immediately obvious and mechanisms of bacteria‐host interactions are mostly unclear. In this study, we characterized a novel extracellular β‐galactosidase (Amuc_1686) with a preference for linkages from the type Galβ1–3GalNAc. Additionally, Amuc_1686 possesses a discoidin‐like domain, which enables the interaction with anionic phospholipids. We detected a strong inhibition by phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, and lysophosphatidic acid while phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine had no influence. Amuc_1686 is the first example of a prokaryotic hydrolase that is strongly inhibited by certain phospholipids. These inhibiting phospholipids have important signal functions in immune response and cell clearance processes. Hence, Amuc_1686 might be regulated based on the health status of the large intestine and could therefore contribute to the mutualistic relationship between the microbe and the host on a molecular level. In this sense, Amuc_1686 could act as an altruistic enzyme that does not attack the mucin layer of apoptotic epithelial cells to ensure tissue regeneration, for example, in areas with inflammatory damages.
Two Chinese Xia‐Gibbs syndrome patients with partial growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Cheng Xinran , Tang Fang , Hu Xuyun , Li Hongduo , Li Mengting , Fu Yiyong , Yan Li , Li Zhonghui , Gou Peng , Su Na , Gong Chunzhu , He Weilan , Xiang Rong , Bu Dongmei , Shen Yiping
Published: February 2019

Background

Heterozygous mutations in the AT‐hook DNA‐binding motif containing one (AHDC1, OMIM * 615790) gene cause an autosomal dominant multisystem developmental disorder known as Xia‐Gibbs syndrome (OMIM #615829). Xia‐Gibbs syndrome typically presented with global developmental delay, hypotonia, obstructive sleep apnea, seizures, delayed myelination, micrognathia, and other mild dysmorphic features.

Methods

Description of the clinical materials of two Chinese boys who were diagnosed with Xia‐Gibbs syndrome based on clinical presentations and next generation sequencing. Review of clinical features and AHDC1 mutations in previously reported Xia‐Gibbs syndrome patients together with our two new patients.

Results

The Xia‐Gibbs syndrome patients exhibited short stature, hypotonia, global developmental delay, speech delay, simian crease, and mild dysmorphic features. Next generation sequencing revealed de novo heterozygous variants in AHDC1 gene. In addition, laboratory test revealed partial growth hormone deficiency. Both patients underwent growth hormone replacement therapy for 24 and 9 months, respectively, and exhibited good response to the treatment.

Conclusion

This is the first report of Xia‐Gibbs syndrome patients to be treated with growth hormone. Review of previously reported Xia‐Gibbs syndrome patient indicated that short stature is a frequent feature of this condition, but its underlying cause needs to be further investigated.
Predicting Cytotoxicity and Enzymatic Activity of Diverse Chemicals Using Goldfish Scale Tissue and Topminnow Hepatoma Cell Line‐based Data
Authors: Kahraman Elif Nagihan , Saçan Melek Türker
Published: February 2019

Quantitative structure‐toxicity relationship (QSTR) models were built for two in vitro endpoints: cytotoxicity and enzymatic activity of diverse chemicals to goldfish (Crassius auratus) scale tissue (GFS) and topminnow (Poeciliopsis lucida) hepatoma cell line (PLHC‐1), respectively. The data sets were based on experimental cytotoxicity measured with uptake of 3‐amino‐7‐dimethylamino‐2‐methylphenazine hydrochloride dye (Neutral Red assay) representing lysosomal damage and enzymatic activity measured with Ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase (EROD) induction potency. The descriptors were calculated with DRAGON 6 and SPARTAN 10 software packages. Descriptor selection was made by ‘All Subset’ and Genetic Algorithm‐based features implemented in QSARINS software. The proposed QSTR models validated both internally and externally. Additionally, the QSTR models generated for cytotoxicity and EROD induction potency were used to predict the relevant endpoint values for external set chemicals with structural coverage of 95.0 % and 92.1 %, respectively. A strong correlation of experimental in vivo fish lethality data with predicted in vitro cytotoxicity and EROD induction potency values for external set chemicals was found. It was concluded that the proposed QSTR models might be useful to provide an initial screening and prioritization for these diverse chemicals. Also, regarding the strong correlations between predicted in vitro and experimental in vivo data, the use of QSTR predictions as an alternative to the acute fish toxicity assessment can be claimed.
Modeling Equilibrium Behavior of Nylon 6, Nylon 6,6 and Nylon 6/6,6 Copolymer
Authors: Liu Fei F. , Marchildon E. Keith , McAuley Kimberley B.
Published: February 2019

Nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 reaction equilibria depend in a complex way on water concentration and temperature. For example, data sets from six research groups reveal that the apparent equilibrium constant for polycondensation increases with water at low water concentrations, reaches a maximum, and then decreases as the water concentration rises further. In this article, semi‐empirical expressions are proposed to describe the experimentally observed equilibrium behavior for the five main reactions that occur during nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 polymerization. Nine side reactions involving amidine ends, cyclopentanone ends, and hydrated carboxyl ends are used to develop expressions that account for the influence of both water and temperature on these equilibrium constants. Excellent fit to the data, over the entire range of the available nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 literature data, suggests that the proposed equations will be helpful for modeling reaction equilibria for nylon 6/6,6 copolymerization.
Patrolling Public Schools: The Impact of Funding for School Police on Student Discipline and Long‐term Education Outcomes
Authors: Weisburst Emily K.
Published: February 2019

As police officers have become increasingly common in U.S. public schools, their role in school discipline has often expanded. While there is growing public debate about the consequences of police presence in schools, there is scant evidence of the impact of police on student discipline and academic outcomes. This paper provides the first quasi‐experimental estimate of funding for school police on student outcomes, leveraging variation in federal Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) grants. Exploiting detailed data on over 2.5 million students in Texas, I find that federal grants for police in schools increase middle school discipline rates by 6 percent. The rise in discipline is driven by sanctions for low‐level offenses or school code of conduct violations. Further, I find that Black students experience the largest increases in discipline. I also find that exposure to a three‐year federal grant for school police is associated with a 2.5 percent decrease in high school graduation rates and a 4 percent decrease in college enrollment rates.
Communicating “cure” to pediatric oncology patients: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Essig Stefan , Michel Gisela , Dupont Carole , Kiss Alexander , Bergstraesser Eva , Tinner Eva Maria , Kuehni Claudia E. ,   on behalf of the Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group (SPOG)
Published: February 2019

Background

Uncertainty about cure puts childhood cancer survivors at risk of mental distress. We asked survivors if they had been told they had been cured and investigated associated factors.

Procedure

We used nationwide registry data and a questionnaire survey for ≥five‐year survivors of childhood cancer (n = 301), followed by online focus groups with a purposive sample of Swiss pediatric oncologists (n = 17). Discussions were coded by investigators using thematic analysis.

Results

Overall, 235 among 301 survivors (78%; 95% confidence interval, 73%–83%) reported having been told they were cured. The proportion was 89% (81%–97%) among lymphoma and 84% (77%–91%) among leukemia survivors, but only 49% (33%–65%) among central nervous system tumor survivors. Pediatric oncologists acknowledged that telling survivors they are cured may reassure them that their cancer lies behind them. However, many refrained from telling all patients. Reasons included the possibility of late effects (cure disrupted by a continued need for follow‐up care) or late relapse (uncertainty of biological cure), case‐by‐case strategies (use of “cure” according to individual factors), and reluctance (substitution of noncommittal terms for “cure”; waiting for the patient to raise the topic).

Conclusions

Not all physicians tell survivors they have been cured; their choices depend on the cancer type and risk of late effects.
Effects of chemical preservation on bulk and amino acid isotope ratios of zooplankton, fish, and squid tissues
Authors: Hetherington Elizabeth D. , Kurle Carolyn M. , Ohman Mark D. , Popp Brian N.
Published: February 2019

Rationale

It is imperative to understand how chemical preservation alters tissue isotopic compositions before using historical samples in ecological studies. Specifically, although compound‐specific isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA‐AA) is becoming a widely used tool, there is little information on how preservation techniques affect amino acid δ15N values.

Methods

We evaluated the effects of chemical preservatives on bulk tissue δ13C and δ15N and amino acid δ15N values, measured by gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/IRMS), of (a) tuna (Thunnus albacares) and squid (Dosidicus gigas) muscle tissues that were fixed in formaldehyde and stored in ethanol for 2 years and (b) two copepod species, Calanus pacificus and Eucalanus californicus, which were preserved in formaldehyde for 24–25 years.

Results

Tissues in formaldehyde‐ethanol had higher bulk δ15N values (+1.4, D. gigas; +1.6‰, T. albacares), higher δ13C values for D. gigas (+0.5‰), and lower δ13C values for T. albacares (−0.8‰) than frozen samples. The bulk δ15N values from copepods were not different those from frozen samples, although the δ13C values from both species were lower (−1.0‰ for E. californicus and −2.2‰ for C. pacificus) than those from frozen samples. The mean amino acid δ15N values from chemically preserved tissues were largely within 1‰ of those of frozen tissues, but the phenylalanine δ15N values were altered to a larger extent (range: 0.5–4.5‰).

Conclusions

The effects of preservation on bulk δ13C values were variable, where the direction and magnitude of change varied among taxa. The changes in bulk δ15N values associated with chemical preservation were mostly minimal, suggesting that storage in formaldehyde or ethanol will not affect the interpretation of δ15N values used in ecological studies. The preservation effects on amino acid δ15N values were also mostly minimal, mirroring bulk δ15N trends, which is promising for future CSIA‐AA studies of archived specimens. However, there were substantial differences in phenylalanine and valine δ15N values, which we speculate resulted from interference in the chromatographic resolution of unknown compounds rather than alteration of tissue isotopic composition due to chemical preservation.
High‐Safety Nonaqueous Electrolytes and Interphases for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Sun Yi , Shi Pengcheng , Xiang Hongfa , Liang Xin , Yu Yan
Published: February 2019

Rapidly developed Na‐ion batteries are highly attractive for grid energy storage. Nevertheless, the safety issues of Na‐ion batteries are still a bottleneck for large‐scale applications. Similar to Li‐ion batteries (LIBs), the safety of Na‐ion batteries is considered to be tightly associated with the electrolyte and electrode/electrolyte interphase. Although the knowledge obtained from LIBs is helpful, designing safe electrolytes and obtaining stable interphases in Na‐ion batteries is still a huge challenge. Therefore, it is of significance to investigate the key factors and develop new strategies for the development of high‐safety Na‐ion batteries. This comprehensive review introduces the recent efforts from nonaqueous electrolytes and interphase aspects of Na‐ion batteries, proposes their design strategies and requirements for improving safety characteristics, and discusses the potential issues for practical applications. The insight to formulate safe electrolytes and design the stable interphase for Na‐ion batteries with high safety is intended to be provided herein.
The Texas Drilling Boom and Local Human Capital Investment
Authors: Carpenter Craig Wesley , Anderson David , Dudensing Rebekka
Published: February 2019

Researchers and citizens alike question the long-term impacts of the shale oil boom on local communities. Studies have considered the boom’s effects on employment, income, mobility, and human capital acquisition. This research specifically builds on research considering shale effects on secondary schooling. Using county-level data from Texas, we investigate two questions: (1) Has the latest oil boom led to a reduction in local high school graduation? (2) Is this effect different for immigrants, a group potentially vulnerable to local wage effects? Findings indicate insignificant overall effects; however, local oil drilling increases immigrant high school dropout rates.
Stepping Stone, Halfway House or Road to Nowhere? Green Support of Minority Government in Sweden, New Zealand and Australia
Authors: Crowley Kate , Moore Sharon
Published: February 2019

Whilst much has been written about the opportunities and perils of Green participation in national coalition governments, analysis of Greens supporting minority governments is less common and has not focused on comparative-historical trends as this article does. We look beyond single case studies of Green-supported minority governments in order to establish historical party trajectories and policy impact over time in three countries with different political systems. The extent of the comparative work here has never previously been undertaken and establishes that repeat instances of such support can provide the basis for more stable and effective future interparty governing relationships. However, we argue that, whilst trust can build between parties to minority government arrangements over decades, it is not assured, and, whilst Green parties may achieve ministerial control after repeat instances of supporting minority governments, the benefits of doing so are not guaranteed.
Teacher Understanding and Application of Cognitive–Behavioural Approaches for Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability
Authors: Ho Betty P. V. , Stephenson Jennifer , Carter Mark
Published: February 2019

This study provides an in-depth examination of the understanding and implementation of cognitive–behavioural approaches (CBA) by Australian teachers of students with both autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Semistructured interviews were completed with 13 New South Wales teachers and several themes emerged. Interviewed teachers appeared to have limited knowledge about CBA; their description of the application of CBA and their reported practices included few features specific and unique to CBA. They primarily perceived CBA as a tool for behaviour management; addressing emotion was a theme but addressing cognition was not a salient feature of their practice. Most teachers seemed unaware of the potential of CBA in fostering generalisation or maintenance, and important student characteristics appeared to be seldom considered in teacher planning of their CBA programs. Directions for enhancing teacher knowledge and supporting their practice of CBA are suggested.
DERIVED MODELS OF MICE BELOW THE LEAST FIXPOINT OF THE SOLOVAY SEQUENCE
Authors: ADOLF DOMINIK , SARGSYAN GRIGOR
Published: February 2019

We introduce a mouse whose derived model satisfies $AD_ + {\rm{\Theta }} \ge \theta _{\aleph _2 } $. More generally, we will introduce a class of large cardinal properties yielding mice whose derived models can satisfy properties as strong as $AD_ + {\rm{\Theta }} = \theta _{\rm{\Theta }} $.
Identification of a MIMO state space model of an F/A-18 aircraft using a subspace method
Authors: Jesus-Mota S. De , Beaulieu M. Nadeau , Botez R. M.
Published: February 2019

The aim of this paper is to determine the mathematical relationship (model) between control deflections and structural deflections of the F/A-18 modified aircraft in the active aeroelastic wing technology program. Five sets of signals from flight flutter tests corresponding to the excited sources were measured by NASA Dryden Flight Research Center. These excitation inputs are: differential ailerons, collective ailerons, collective stabilisers, differential stabilisers, and rudders. The signals to be used by the model are of two types: control deflection time histories and corresponding structural deflections on the wing and trailing-edge flaps. We choose to use the subspace identification method based on reconstructing the observability matrix in order to identify the nonlinear multi-input, linear-in-the-states, multi-output system. We identify models (input/output characteristics) by applying this method for a number of sixteen flight conditions for which the Mach number varies from 0·85 to 1·30 and the altitudes vary from 5,000ft to 25,000ft. Very good results are obtained with a fit between the estimated and the measured signals and a correlation coefficient higher than 90%.
Validation of a noseband pressure sensor algorithm as a tool for evaluation of feeding behaviour in dairy Mediterranean buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis)
Authors: Guccione Jacopo , D'Andrea Luigi , Alsaaod Maher , Borriello Giuliano , Steiner Adrian , Ciaramella Paolo
Published: February 2019

This research communication addresses the goal of validating an algorithm to monitor natural occurrence of feeding behaviours in dairy Mediterranean buffalo based on the output of a noseband pressure sensor (RumiWatch®, halter). Several characteristics of the feeding behaviour were detected with a very high (ruminating boluses), high (chews per bolus) and moderate degree of correlation (chews per minute) with video analyses (gold standard). All of them were associated with a low mean difference with the gold standard, and the mean relative measurement error ranged between low (ruminating boluses) and moderate (chews per bolus and chews per minute). The proportion of correctly detected events for the variables rumination and eating time was 98 and 99%, respectively. The collection of data and subsequent evaluation of the parameters investigated may provide objective information on Mediterranean Buffalo behaviours allowing for reliable studies of the animal welfare in this ruminant in the future.
The crystal structure of MoO2(O2)(H2O)·H2O
Authors: Reid Joel W. , Kaduk James A. , Matei Lidia
Published: February 2019

The crystal structure of MoO2(O2)(H2O)·H2O has been solved using parallel tempering with the FOX software package and refined using synchrotron powder diffraction data obtained from beamline 08B1-1 at the Canadian Light Source. Rietveld refinement, performed with the software package GSAS, yielded monoclinic lattice parameters of a = 17.3355(5) Å, b = 3.83342(10) Å, c = 6.55760(18) Å, and β = 91.2114(27)° (Z = 4, space group I2/m). The structure is composed of double zigzag molybdate chains running parallel to the b-axis. The Rietveld refined structure was compared with density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed with CRYSTAL14, and shows comparable agreement with two DFT optimized structures of similar energy, which differ by the location of the molybdate coordinated water molecule. The true structure is likely a disordered combination of the two DFT optimized structures.
Crossing the red line: The use of chemical weapons in Syria and what should happen now
Authors: Naqvi Yasmin
Published: February 2019

The use of chemical weapons in the armed conflict in Syria has attracted universal and widespread condemnation and has led to unified responses by various international bodies. This article examines the international community's responses to chemical weapons use in Syria from the perspective of international law. It also analyzes the potential options for accountability that are available for chemical weapons-related crimes. The intention is ultimately to make the case that the special status the international community has ascribed to chemical weapons crimes could be harnessed to create an accountability mechanism, such as anad hoctribunal, that could help pave the complex road towards a negotiated peace.
Mechanisms Behind the Extratropical Stratiform Low‐Cloud Optical Depth Response to Temperature in ARM Site Observations
Authors: Terai C. R. , Zhang Y. , Klein S. A. , Zelinka M. D. , Chiu J. C. , Min Q.
Published: February 2019

Ground‐based observations from three middle‐ and high‐latitude sites managed by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program are used to determine the sensitivity of the low‐cloud optical depth to temperature and to test whether observations support mechanisms previously proposed to affect the optical depth feedback. Analysis of cloud optical depth retrievals support previous satellite findings that the optical depth decreases or stays constant with increases in temperature when the cloud is warm but increases when the cloud is cold. The cloud liquid water path sensitivity to warming largely explains the optical depth sensitivity at all sites. Mechanisms examined in this study involve the temperature dependence of (a) the moist‐adiabatic lapse rate, (b) cloud phase partitioning, (c) drying efficiency of cloud top mixing, (d) cloud top inversion strength, and (e) boundary layer decoupling. Mechanism (a) is present across all clouds and explains 30% to 50% of the increase in liquid water path with warming at temperatures below 0 °C. However, the cloud's adiabaticity, the ratio between the liquid water path and its theoretical maximum, is at least as important and determines how the liquid water path sensitivity to temperature varies with temperature. At temperatures below 0 °C, the adiabaticity increases with warming, and the data support mechanism (b). At warmer temperatures, the adiabaticity decreases with warming, overwhelming mechanism (a) and resulting in the liquid water path decreasing with warming. This adiabaticity decrease arises primarily because of mechanism (d), and to a lesser degree because of mechanism (e). No evidence is found supporting mechanism (c).
Possible Evidence for Variation in Magnitude for Marsquakes From Fallen Boulder Populations, Grjota Valles, Mars
Authors: Brown Jason R. , Roberts Gerald P.
Published: February 2019

Following observations of mobilized boulder trail populations from Cerberus Fossae, Mars, that have been interpreted as possible evidence of large‐magnitude marsquakes rupturing for distances of ~207 km along exposed active faults, additional boulder trail populations were measured along shorter faults within the region of Grjota Valles (50‐ to 150‐km length) to test the hypotheses that (1) these faults are also candidate locations for marsquakes and (2) that marsquake magnitude might be smaller, limited by fault dimensions available for rupture. For a region containing two en echelon graben, boulder trail data define two anomalies with maxima in (a) boulder trails per kilometer and (b) maximum width of boulder trails, one that is ~116 km in length along strike and the other ~70 km in length along strike. Values for the maxima are 45 trails per kilometer and 5‐m mean trail width for the 70‐km‐long anomaly and 115 trails per kilometer with 5.3‐m mean trail width for the 116‐km‐long anomaly, above background values measured elsewhere along these faults of zero trails per kilometer with zero boulder trail widths. If combined with published data from Cerberus Fossae with an ~207‐km‐long anomaly in boulder trails per km (125 trails per kilometer maxima) and maximum mean boulder trail width (8.5‐m maximum trail width), the three data sets suggest correlations between the (a) along‐strike length of boulder trail anomalies, (b) boulder trails per kilometer, and (c) maximum boulder trail width. If interpreted as due to single marsquakes, and if the dimensions of these anomalies are a proxy for rupture length, when combined, one interpretation of this is that boulders have been mobilized by marsquakes and that the marsquake magnitude is proportional to the along‐strike length of the anomalies. In other words, the data suggest that marsquake magnitude, if that is the cause of the anomalies, is limited by fault length as expected for terrestrial seismically active faults. Such findings suggest that the Martian surface may have been shaken, in the very recent past, by large‐magnitude marsquakes. We discuss this in terms of the seismicity of Mars.
Novel compound heterozygous CDH23 variants in a patient with Usher syndrome type I
Authors: Okano Satomi , Makita Yoshio , Katada Akihiro , Harabuchi Yasuaki , Kohmoto Tomohiro , Naruto Takuya , Masuda Kiyoshi , Imoto Issei
Published: February 2019

Usher syndrome type I (USH1) is characterized by congenital, bilateral, profound sensorineural hearing loss, vestibular areflexia, and adolescent-onset retinitis pigmentosa. Here, we report a 12-year-old female patient with typical USH1. Targeted panel sequencing revealed compound heterozygous variants of the Cadherin 23 (CDH23) gene, which confirmed the USH1 diagnosis. A novel NM_022124.5:c.130G>A/p.(Glu44Lys) was identified, expanding the mutation spectrum of CDH23.
Catalytic inverse vulcanization
Authors: Wu Xiaofeng , Smith Jessica A. , Petcher Samuel , Zhang Bowen , Parker Douglas J. , Griffin John M. , Hasell Tom
Published: February 2019

The discovery of inverse vulcanization has allowed stable polymers to be made from elemental sulfur, an unwanted by-product of the petrochemicals industry. However, further development of both the chemistry and applications is handicapped by the restricted choice of cross-linkers and the elevated temperatures required for polymerisation. Here we report the catalysis of inverse vulcanization reactions. This catalytic method is effective for a wide range of crosslinkers reduces the required reaction temperature and reaction time, prevents harmful H2S production, increases yield, improves properties, and allows crosslinkers that would be otherwise unreactive to be used. Thus, inverse vulcanization becomes more widely applicable, efficient, eco-friendly and productive than the previous routes, not only broadening the fundamental chemistry itself, but also opening the door for the industrialization and broad application of these fascinating materials.
Tracking the origin of two genetic components associated with transposable element bursts in domesticated rice
Authors: Chen Jinfeng , Lu Lu , Benjamin Jazmine , Diaz Stephanie , Hancock C. Nathan , Stajich Jason E. , Wessler Susan R.
Published: February 2019

Transposable elements (TEs) shape genome evolution through periodic bursts of amplification. In this study prior knowledge of themPing/Ping/PongTE family is exploited to track their copy numbers and distribution in genome sequences from 3,000 accessions of domesticatedOryza sativa(rice) and the wild progenitorOryza rufipogon. We find thatmPingbursts are restricted to recent domestication and is likely due to the accumulation of two TE components,Ping16AandPing16A_Stow, that appear to be critical formPinghyperactivity.Ping16Ais a variant of the autonomous element with reduced activity as shown in a yeast transposition assay. Transposition ofPing16Ainto aStowawayelement generatedPing16A_Stow, the onlyPinglocus shared by all bursting accessions, and shown here to correlate with highmPingcopies. Finally, we show that sustained activity of themPing/Pingfamily in domesticated rice produced the components necessary formPingbursts, not the loss of epigenetic regulation.
Stable salts of the hexacarbonyl chromium(I) cation and its pentacarbonyl-nitrosyl chromium(I) analogue
Authors: Bohnenberger Jan , Feuerstein Wolfram , Himmel Daniel , Daub Michael , Breher Frank , Krossing Ingo
Published: February 2019

Homoleptic carbonyl radical cations are a textbook family of complexes hitherto unknown in the condensed phase, leaving their properties and applications fundamentally unexplored. Here we report on two stable 17-electron [Cr(CO)6]•+ salts that were synthesized by oxidation of Cr(CO)6 with [NO]+[Al(ORF)4]− (RF = C(CF3)3)) in CH2Cl2 and with removal of NO gas. Longer reaction times led to NO/CO ligand exchange and formation of the thermodynamically more stable 18-electron species [Cr(CO)5(NO)]+, which belongs to the family of heteroleptic chromium carbonyl/nitrosyl cations. All salts were fully characterized (IR, Raman, EPR, NMR, scXRD, pXRD, magnetics) and are stable at room temperature under inert conditions over months. The facile synthesis of these species enables the thorough investigation of their properties and applications to a broad scientific community.
24-nt reproductive phasiRNAs are broadly present in angiosperms
Authors: Xia Rui , Chen Chengjie , Pokhrel Suresh , Ma Wuqiang , Huang Kun , Patel Parth , Wang Fuxi , Xu Jing , Liu Zhongchi , Li Jianguo , Meyers Blake C.
Published: February 2019

Small RNAs are key regulators in plant growth and development. One subclass, phased siRNAs (phasiRNAs) require a trigger microRNA for their biogenesis. In grasses, two pathways yield abundant phasiRNAs during anther development; miR2275 triggers one class, 24-nt phasiRNAs, coincident with meiosis, while a second class of 21-nt phasiRNAs are present in premeiotic anthers. Here we report that the 24-nt phasiRNA pathway is widely present in flowering plants, indicating that 24-nt reproductive phasiRNAs likely originated with the evolutionary emergence of anthers. Deep comparative genomic analyses demonstrated that this miR2275/24-nt phasiRNA pathway is widely present in eudicots plants, however, it is absent in legumes and in the model plant Arabidopsis, demonstrating a dynamic evolutionary history of this pathway. In Solanaceae species, 24-nt phasiRNAs were observed, but the miR2275 trigger is missing and some loci displaying 12-nt phasing. Both the miR2275-triggered and Solanaceae 24-nt phasiRNAs are enriched in meiotic stages, implicating these phasiRNAs in anther and/or pollen development, a spatiotemporal pattern consistent in all angiosperm lineages that deploy them.
Regenerative medicine curriculum for next-generation physicians
Authors: Wyles Saranya P. , Hayden Richard E. , Meyer Fredric B. , Terzic Andre
Published: February 2019

Regenerative sciences are poised to transform clinical practice. The quest for regenerative solutions has, however, exposed a major gap in current healthcare education. A call for evidence-based adoption has underscored the necessity to establish rigorous regenerative medicine educational programs early in training. Here, we present a patient-centric regenerative medicine curriculum embedded into medical school core learning. Launched as a dedicated portal of new knowledge, learner proficiency was instilled by means of a discovery–translation–application blueprint. Using the “from the patient to the patient” paradigm, student experience recognized unmet patient needs, evolving regenerative technologies, and ensuing patient management solutions. Targeted on the deployment of a regenerative model of care, complementary subject matter included ethics, regulatory affairs, quality control, supply chain, and biobusiness. Completion of learning objectives was monitored by online tests, group teaching, simulated clinical examinations along with longitudinal continuity across medical school training and residency. Success was documented by increased awareness and proficiency in domain-relevant content, as well as specialty identification through practice exposure, research engagement, clinical acumen, and education-driven practice advancement. Early incorporation into mainstream medical education offers a tool to train next-generation healthcare providers equipped to adopt and deliver validated regenerative medicine solutions.
Visual simulators replicate vision with multifocal lenses
Authors: Vinas Maria , Benedi-Garcia Clara , Aissati Sara , Pascual Daniel , Akondi Vyas , Dorronsoro Carlos , Marcos Susana
Published: February 2019

Adaptive optics (AO) visual simulators based on deformable mirrors, spatial light modulators or optotunable lenses are increasingly used to simulate vision through different multifocal lens designs. However, the correspondence of this simulation with that obtained through real intraocular lenses (IOLs) tested on the same eyes has not been, to our knowledge, demonstrated. We compare through-focus (TF) optical and visual quality produced by real multifocal IOLs (M-IOLs) -bifocal refractive and trifocal diffractive- projected on the subiect’s eye with those same designs simulated with a spatial light modulator (SLM) or an optotunable lens working in temporal multiplexing mode (SimVis technology). Measurements were performed on 7 cyclopleged subjects using a custom-made multichannel 3-active-optical-elements polychromatic AO Visual Simulator in monochromatic light. The same system was used to demonstrate performance of the real IOLs, SLM and SimVis technology simulations on bench using double-pass imaging on an artificial eye. Results show a general good correspondence between the TF performance with the real and simulated M-IOLs, both optically (on bench) and visually (measured visual acuity in patients). We demonstrate that visual simulations in an AO environment capture to a large extent the individual optical and visual performance obtained with real M-IOLs, both in absolute values and in the shape of through-focus curves.
Microscale synthesis of multiblock copolymers using ultrafast RAFT polymerisation
Authors: Tanaka Joji , Gurnani Pratik , Cook Alexander B. , Häkkinen Satu , Zhang Junliang , Yang Jie , Kerr Andrew , Haddleton David M. , Perrier Sébastien , Wilson Paul
Published: February 2019

We demonstrate that ultrafast RAFT in the presence of air can be scaled down to 2 μL with good control using microvolume insert vials as the polymerisation vessel.
A benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d′]bisthiazole-based wide-bandgap copolymer semiconductor for efficient fullerene-free organic solar cells with a small energy loss of 0.50 eV
Authors: Chen Nai-Yu , Yue Qihui , Liu Wenrui , Zhang Hao-Li , Zhu Xiaozhang
Published: February 2019

A wide-bandgap polymer donor based on benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d′]bisthiazole is designed and synthesized delivering a PCE of 11.08% with a low energy loss of 0.50 eV.
Boost-up electrochemical performance of MOFs via confined synthesis within nanoporous carbon matrices for supercapacitor and oxygen reduction reaction applications
Authors: Kim Hee Soo , Kang Min Seok , Yoo Won Cheol
Published: February 2019

The electrochemical performance of MOFs for supercapacitor and oxygen reduction reaction applications is significantly improved when conjugated with conductive and 3D connected nanoporous carbon matrices.
Facile synthesis of mono-disperse sub-20 nm NaY(WO4)2:Er3+,Yb3+ upconversion nanoparticles: a new choice for nanothermometry
Authors: Lin Mei , Xie Liujing , Wang Zijun , Richards Bryce S. , Gao Guojun , Zhong Jiuping
Published: February 2019

The morphology of NaY(WO4)2:Er,Yb nanoparticles and the thermal sensitive upconversion luminous (UCL) mechanism correspond to temperature sensing behavior.
A new sustainable approach towards preparation of sunlight active Ag/AgBr Janus nanoparticles using non-toxic surface active ionic liquid
Authors: Singh Gurbir , Komal Komal , Singh Gagandeep , Kaur Manvir , Kang Tejwant Singh
Published: February 2019

A benign and easily implementable method for preparation of symmetry controlled Ag/AgBr nanoparticles for catalytic applications under sunlight or white light is presented.
Review on forecasting of photovoltaic power generation based on machine learning and metaheuristic techniques
Authors: Akhter Muhammad Naveed , Mekhilef Saad , Mokhlis Hazlie , Mohamed Shah Noraisyah
Published: February 2019

The modernisation of the world has significantly reduced the prime sources of energy such as coal, diesel and gas. Thus, alternative energy sources based on renewable energy have been a major focus nowadays to meet the world's energy demand and at the same time to reduce global warming. Among these energy sources, solar energy is a major source of alternative energy that is used to generate electricity through photovoltaic (PV) system. However, the performance of the power generated is highly sensitive on climate and seasonal factors. The unpredictable behaviour of the climate affects the power output and causes an unfavourable impact on the stability, reliability and operation of the grid. Thus an accurate forecasting of PV output is a crucial requirement to ensure the stability and reliability of the grid. This study provides a systematic and critical review on the methods used to forecast PV power output with main focus on the metaheuristic and machine learning methods. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are summarised, based on historical data along with forecasting horizons and input parameters. Finally, a comprehensive comparison between machine learning and metaheuristic methods is compiled to assist researchers in choosing the best forecasting technique for future research.
DLMP using three‐phase current injection OPF with renewables and demand response
Authors: Wei Jie , Zhang Yue , Sahriatzadeh Farshid , Srivastava Anurag K.
Published: February 2019

With increasing penetration of demand response and distributed renewable generation in the distribution system, distribution locational marginal price (DLMP) helps to provide a right price signal for participants in an active distribution system. Unlike the transmission system, the distribution system is unbalanced, which may result in different phase price at each bus. In this study, a three‐phase current injection based optimal power flow (OPF) with robust convergence is proposed to compute DLMP at each bus and phase. Several scenarios have been modelled to validate the application of the proposed DLMP to manage distributed generation, demand response and line congestion for a modified IEEE test system.
Differential equation model of single penstock multi‐machine system with hydraulic coupling
Authors: Zeng Yun , Qian Jing , Guo Yakun , Yu Shige
Published: February 2019

Calculation of the hydraulic coupling in the single penstock multi‐machine (SPMM) is one of the main obstacles for control design of the hydro turbine governor. In order to resolve this problem, a multi‐machine differential equation model suitable for control design and stability analysis is established in this study. First, the multi‐machine differential equation with the hydraulic coupling model is then established to facilitate building the joint model of the hydro turbine with the hydraulic system and the generator considering the hydraulic‐mechanic‐electric coupling. Second, the dynamic head in the common penstock satisfying the superposition principle is revealed. This means that the dynamic head in the common penstock can be calculated by using the state variables of the branch pipe. Third, simulation reveals that the differential item in the hydraulic coupling is the main factor affecting the computational convergence. As such, the approximate method ignoring the differential item in the hydraulic coupling is proposed to solve the problem of computational convergence of the SPMM. Finally, the classical method of characteristic (MOC) is employed to verify the proposed model. The results show that the proposed model has higher accuracy and is easy to connect with the non‐linear model of the generator.
Research on transient insulation numerical analysis method of circuit breaker in GIS under lightning impulse voltage
Authors: Qi Wu , Xiaoming Liu , Tian Yang , Longnv Li
Published: February 2019

In order to reveal the process of insulation destruction of circuit breaker in GIS under lightning impulse voltage, a new method of transient insulation numerical analysis is described in this paper. A combination of the electromagnetic transient analysis method and optimised charge simulation method (CSM) was put forward to calculate and analyse the transient insulation characteristics of 550 kV circuit breaker in GIS under lightning impulse voltage. The results show that, within 0–15 μ, though the voltage of circuit breaker did not reach its peak, there is severe electric field distortion caused by sharp change of voltage with a high probability of circuit breaker insulation breakdown. In addition, as for the circuit breaker insulation structure optimisation design, it is advisable to restrain the change rate of electric field strength amplitude so as to reduce the probability of insulation breakdown, rather than simply verify insulation structure by using maxi‐mum electric field strength as the voltage input parameters of the electrostatic field under the power frequency in accordance with the traditional insulation analysis method, with the purpose of ensuring the circuit breaker can operate safely and reliably for a long time.
Molecular identification of Wolbachia and Sodalis glossinidius in the midgut of Glossina fuscipes quanzensis from the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Simo Gustave , Kanté Sartrien Tagueu , Madinga Joule , Kame Ginette , Farikou Oumarou , Ilombe Gillon , Geiger Anne , Lutumba Pascal , Njiokou Flobert
Published: February 2019

During the last 30 years, investigations on the microbiome of different tsetse species have generated substantial data on the bacterial flora of these cyclical vectors of African trypanosomes, with the overarching goal of improving the control of trypanosomiases. It is in this context that the presence of Wolbachia and Sodalis glossinidius was studied in wild populations of Glossina fuscipes quanzensis from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Tsetse flies were captured with pyramidal traps. Of the 700 Glossina f. quanzensis captured, 360 were dissected and their midguts collected and analyzed. Sodalis glossinidius and Wolbachia were identified by PCR. The Wolbachia-positive samples were genetically characterized with five molecular markers. PCR revealed 84.78% and 15.55% midguts infected by Wolbachia and S. glossinidius, respectively. The infection rates varied according to capture sites. Of the five molecular markers used to characterize Wolbachia, only the fructose bis-phosphate aldolase gene was amplified for about 60% of midguts previously found with Wolbachia infections. The sequencing results confirmed the presence of Wolbachia and revealed the presence of S. glossinidius in the midgut of Glossina f. quanzensis. A low level of midguts were naturally co-infected by both bacteria. The data generated in this study open a framework for investigations aimed at understanding the contribution of these symbiotic microorganisms to the vectorial competence of Glossina fuscipes quanzensis.
Das ZI-Track-Konzept in der modernen Psychiatrie: Eine syndromspezifische sektorenübergreifende Behandlung
Authors: Hirjak Dusan , Leweke F. Markus , Deuschle Michael , Staudter Claus , Borgwedel Doris , Coenen-Daniel Maria , Heser Marco , Erk Katrin , Beivers Andreas , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas
Published: February 2019

Um den aktuellen Herausforderungen in der Behandlung psychisch kranker Patienten gerecht zu werden, müssen neue Versorgungsstrukturen implementiert werden. Das „Track-Konzept“ bietet eine vielversprechende Alternative zu den aktuellen Behandlungsmodellen. Unverzichtbar ist dabei die Berücksichtigung der aktuellen ethischen und rechtlichen Grundlagen welche ausdrücklich die Reduktion der Zwangsmaßnahmen befürworten. Zentrale Ziele einer settingübergreifenden „Track-Einheit“ sind ferner die Förderung der Patientenautonomie, setting-übergreifende Behandlungskontinuität, Verbesserung der Therapieadhärenz und Reduktion stationärer Behandlungszeiten durch flexiblere Interventionen. Obwohl das „Track-Konzept“ eine Weiterentwicklung zum bisherigen Versorgungsmodell hat, empfiehlt sich seine Etablierung innerhalb einer psychiatrischen Klinik schrittweise zu gestalten, da eine Reihe von Veränderungen auf verschiedenen Ebenen erforderlich sind. Im ersten Abschnitt dieser Arbeit werden diese notwendigen organisatorischen Veränderungen am Beispiel des Mannheimer Zentralinstituts für Seelische Gesundheit (ZI) vorgestellt. Im zweiten Abschnitt wird dann der notwendige bzw. hilfreiche räumliche Rahmen dargestellt. Im dritten Abschnitt gehen wir auf die sozioökonomischen Vorteile des „Track-Konzeptes“ ein, die anschließend unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Therapieleitlinien diskutiert werden. Dabei wird auch eine veränderte hausinterne Leistungsverrechnung und deren mögliche Weiterentwicklung dargelegt. Insgesamt geht die Umstellung auf das „Track-Konzept“ mit einer Vielzahl praktischer Veränderungen einher. Das Ziel ist eine bessere Verzahnung der Behandlungssettings in allen Stadien einer psychischen Erkrankung und bessere Orientierung für Patienten und Angehörige.
Evaluation of the Fall Risk of Orthopedic Trauma Surgery Patients by Establishing a Fall Risk Score and a Procedure Instruction in Clinical Routine
Authors: Lycke Christian , Bork Hartmut , Feindt Birgit , Spiegl Ulrich J. A. , Josten Christoph , Fakler Johannes K. M. , Roth Andreas
Published: February 2019

This article examines the risk of falls of orthopaedic surgery patients on admission to hospital. For this purpose, an internal clinical fall risk score was developed, which divides the patients into three risk categories. Subsequently, the validity of the score was recorded and possibilities for reducing the individual risk of falling were pointed out. The results show that the score can identify patients at high risk of falling on admission.
Rückkehr zum Sport nach der Behandlung von Osteochondralen Läsionen (OCL) des Sprunggelenkes: Eine Literaturübersicht
Authors: Aurich Matthias , Best Norman
Published: February 2019

Es wurde eine Analyse der Literatur zu Osteochondralen Läsionen (OCL) des Sprunggelenkes mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, die aktuellen Behandlungskonzepte und insbesondere die Rückkehr zur sportlichen Aktivität der oft jungen Patienten darzustellen.