bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Detection of Macular Atrophy Automated Through 2D and 3D Unet Deep Learning
Authors: Wei Wei , Patel Radhika Pooja , Laponogov Ivan , Cordeiro Maria Francesca , Veselkov Kirill
Published: November 2024

Macular atrophy (MA) is an irreversible endpoint of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is the leading cause of blindness in the world. Early detection is therefore an unmet need. We have developed a novel automated method to identify MA in patients undergoing follow-up with optical coherence tomography (OCT) for AMD based on the combination of 2D and 3D Unet architecture. Our automated detection of MA relies on specific structural changes in OCT, including six established atrophy-associated lesions. Using 1241 volumetric OCTs from 125 eyes (89 patients), the performance of this combination Unet architecture is extremely encouraging, with a mean dice similarity coefficient score of 0.90 ± 0.14 and a mean F1 score of 0.89 ± 0.14. These promising results have indicated superiority when compared to human graders, with a mean similarity of 0.71 ± 0.27. We believe this deep learning-aided tool would be useful to monitor patients with AMD, enabling the early detection of MA and supporting clinical decisions.
Role of Microbiota-Derived Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) in Modulating the Gut–Brain Axis: Implications for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Munteanu Constantin , Onose Gelu , Rotariu Mariana , Poștaru Mădălina , Turnea Marius , Galaction Anca Irina
Published: November 2024

Microbiota-derived hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a crucial role in modulating the gut–brain axis, with significant implications for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. H2S is produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria in the gut and acts as a critical signaling molecule influencing brain health via various pathways, including regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune responses. H2S maintains gut barrier integrity at physiological levels and prevents systemic inflammation, which could impact neuroinflammation. However, as H2S has a dual role or a Janus face, excessive H2S production, often resulting from gut dysbiosis, can compromise the intestinal barrier and exacerbate neurodegenerative processes by promoting neuroinflammation and glial cell dysfunction. This imbalance is linked to the early pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, where the overproduction of H2S exacerbates beta-amyloid deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, and alpha-synuclein aggregation, driving neuroinflammatory responses and neuronal damage. Targeting gut microbiota to restore H2S homeostasis through dietary interventions, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation presents a promising therapeutic approach. By rebalancing the microbiota-derived H2S, these strategies may mitigate neurodegeneration and offer novel treatments for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, underscoring the critical role of the gut–brain axis in maintaining central nervous system health.
Anti-Tetanus Vaccination Is Associated with Reduced Occurrence and Slower Progression of Parkinson’s Disease—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Israel Ariel , Magen Eli , Ruppin Eytan , Merzon Eugene , Vinker Shlomo , Giladi Nir
Published: November 2024

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that progressively damages the autonomic and central nervous systems, leading to hallmark symptoms such as resting tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity. Despite extensive research, the underlying cause of PD remains unclear, and current treatments are unable to halt the progression of the disease. In this retrospective study, based on historical electronic health records (EHR) from a national health provider covering the period from 2003 to 2023, we investigated the impact of vaccination and medication purchases on PD occurrence and severity. Methods: Using a case–control design, we compared the vaccination histories of 1446 PD patients with 7230 matched controls to assess the association between vaccination and PD onset. Additionally, we explored statistical associations between vaccination, medication purchases, and PD severity over an average of 9 years of follow-up, utilizing a machine learning algorithm to quantify disease severity based on annual antiparkinsonian medication purchases. Results: Our analysis revealed a significant reduction in PD occurrence following tetanus–diphtheria (Td) vaccination, with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.17 (95% CI [0.04, 0.70]) for PD onset within 5 years post-vaccination. Furthermore, a time-dependent relationship was identified between the duration since vaccination and both the rate of PD onset and disease progression. Notably, we observed that antimicrobial treatments significantly influenced disease severity, consistent with the antibiotic sensitivity profile of Clostridium tetani. Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis that tetanus vaccination and/or C. tetani eradication may reduce PD occurrence and slow its progression, suggesting promising directions for future research in PD prevention and treatment.
New Communication Technology and the Elderly: A Study on the Continuous Use of the Extreme Edition APP for Middle-Aged and Senior Citizens
Authors: Liang Zeheng , Xie Yixin , Xu Ran , Gu Peng
Published: November 2024

Rapidly changing digital technologies are reconfiguring the way human society lives, indicating that more and more middle-aged and older adults will lead a digital life in the future. Whether digital technology for today can effectively improve the quality of digital life of this cohort is the focus of this study. This study proposed a “cognitive–emotional–behavioral” model and situated the use of the Extreme Edition App as a cross-sectional research object. The study also explored the relationship between middle-aged and older adults’ perceptions of the benefits of cash subsidies, the pleasure and worry generated by the use of the app, and their continued use of the app. It has become a fact that human beings are walking side by side with digital technology; digital technology still moves forward and upward. Thus, it is forward-looking to pay attention to the digital life adaptation of the current middle-aged and older groups. A total of 1200 valid questionnaires were obtained, and regression analysis showed that (1) the more comprehensive and in-depth the cohort’s knowledge of the benefits of cash subsidies is, and the more sustainable their continuous use of the Extreme Edition App is, the more pleasure they experience, and the less worry they feel during its use. (2) The more pleasure middle-aged and older adults feel while using the Extreme Edition App, the more likely they are to continue using it. Conversely, the more worry they feel, the less likely they are to maintain its use. (3) Emotions generated during the use of the Extreme Edition App mediate the relationship between this cohort’s perceptions of cash subsidy benefits and their continued-use behavior.
Prognostic and Predictive Determinants of Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Cotan Horia T. , Emilescu Radu A. , Iaciu Cristian I. , Orlov-Slavu Cristina M. , Olaru Mihaela C. , Popa Ana M. , Jinga Mariana , Nitipir Cornelia , Schreiner Oliver Daniel , Ciobanu Romeo Cristian
Published: November 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health burden, necessitating a thorough understanding of prognostic and predictive factors to enhance patient outcomes. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate prognostic and predictive determinants in CRC, encompassing both traditional and emerging biomarkers. A systematic search of major electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published from 1995 up to 2024. Eligible articles were critically appraised, and data extraction was performed according to predefined criteria. The prognostic determinants examined included clinicopathological features such as tumor stage, grade, and lymph node involvement, as well as molecular biomarkers including RAS, BRAF, and MSI status. Predictive determinants encompassed biomarkers influencing response to targeted therapies and immunotherapy, such as HER2 and Immunoscore. The review also explores novel prognostic and predictive markers, including tumor microenvironment characteristics and liquid biopsy-based biomarkers. Synthesizing evidence from diverse studies, this review provides insights into the prognostic and predictive landscape of CRC, highlighting the potential clinical implications of identified determinants. Understanding the multifaceted nature of prognostic and predictive factors in CRC is imperative for the advancement of personalized treatment strategies and improvement of patient outcomes.
Characterization of Somatostatin Receptor 2 Gene Expression and Immune Landscape in Sinonasal Malignancies
Authors: Xue Elisabetta , Bracken-Clarke Dara , Krause Harris , Adeyelu Tolulope , Evans Mark G. , Akbulut Dilara , Quezado Martha , Gandhi Nishant , Farrell Alex , Soares Heloisa P. , Lou Emil , Phan Minh , Patel Rusha , Vanderwalde Ari M. , Elliott Andrew , Steuer Conor E. , Saba Nabil F. , Lubin Daniel J. , London Nyall R. , Gulley James L. , Floudas Charalampos S.
Published: November 2024

Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB), sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC), and sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma (SNEC) are rare malignancies arising from the sinonasal tract with limited therapeutic options. The expression of the somatostatin receptor 2 gene (SSTR2), which is expressed in other neuroendocrine neoplasms and is therapeutically actionable, has been reported in these tumors. Here, we analyzed SSTR2 gene expression and its associations with genomic features, established biomarkers predicting of immune response, and the tumor immune microenvironment in a cohort of ONB, SNUC, and SNEC tumor samples (26, 13, and 8 samples, respectively) from a real-world database. SSTR2 gene expression was high in neural-type ONB and low in basal-type ONB and in most of the SNUC and SNEC cases; there was no difference in expression between primary and metastatic tumors. The T cell-inflamed (TCI) score analysis classified 38.5% of SNUC cases as T cell-inflamed compared to only 3.9% of ONB and 0% of SNEC cases; 26.9% of ONB cases were classified as intermediate TCI; and SNEC had the lowest relative immune cell infiltration by deconvolution. In high SSTR2-expressing ONB, there was a higher proportion of infiltrating of Natural Killer cells and dendritic cells by deconvolution. Additionally, high SSTR2-expressing ONB was enriched for proliferation pathways, including E2F and Myc targets and G2M checkpoints. In conclusion, our findings delineate significant differences between these three types of sinonasal malignancies that were examined. In ONB, relative to SNUC and SNEC, the SSTR2 expression profile, combined with its immune profiles, indicates potential novel therapeutic strategies and combinations for this unmet clinical need. Conversely, the inflammatory microenvironment of SNUC may be targetable using immuno-oncologic therapies.
Analysing Inequalities in Colorectal Cancer Screening Using an Individual Socioeconomic Status Index
Authors: Romeo-Cervera Paula , Martín-Pozuelo Javier , Vanaclocha-Espí Mercedes , Pinto-Carbó Marina , Castán-Cameo Susana , Salas Dolores , Molina-Barceló Ana
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: An individual socioeconomic status index (ISESI) was used to analyse inequalities in participation and colonoscopy acceptance in the Valencia Region Colorectal Cancer Screening Programme (VR-CRCSP). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of men and women aged 50–69 who had been invited to participate in the VR-CRCSP as of February 2020 (N = 1,066,763). The variables included in the ISESI were nationality, employment status, disability, healthcare coverage, risk of vulnerability, and family size. The ISESI was categorised into quartiles (Qs), with Q4 corresponding to the lowest socioeconomic status (SES). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using mixed logistic regression models. Results: The results showed that Q2 (OR = 1.30, CI = 1.28–1.33) and Q3 (OR = 1.07, CI = 1.05–1.09) are more likely to participate in the CRCSP than Q1 (the highest SES), and that Q4 (OR = 0.77, CI = 0.76–0.78) is less likely to participate than Q1. In addition, Q2 (OR = 2.03, CI = 1.78–2.32), Q3 (OR = 1.90, CI = 1.67–2.16), and Q4 (OR = 1.55, CI = 1.36–1.76) are more likely to accept a colonoscopy than Q1. The following socioeconomic characteristics were related to both non-participation and colonoscopy refusal: not Spanish, disabled, no family unit, at risk of social vulnerability, and private mutual health insurance. Conclusions: Inequalities were observed in VR-CRCSP participation and colonoscopy acceptance.
Combined Therapeutic Strategies Based on the Inhibition of Non-Oncogene Addiction to Improve Tumor Response in EGFR- and KRAS-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Amato Luisa , Omodei Daniela , De Rosa Caterina , Ariano Annalisa , Capaldo Sara , Tufano Camilla Carmela , Buono Rossella , Terlizzi Cristina , Nardelli Anna , Del Vecchio Vitale , Palumbo Rosanna , Tuccillo Concetta , Morgillo Floriana , Papaccio Federica , Tirino Virginia , Iommelli Francesca , Della Corte Carminia Maria , De Rosa Viviana
Published: November 2024

Background: Oncogene-driven NSCLC is usually treated with targeted therapies using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to inhibit oncogene downstream signaling pathways, affecting tumor survival and proliferation. EGFR- and KRAS-mutant NSCLCs are the most represented subtypes, and they are treated in clinical practice with oncogene-targeting drugs in the first and second line, respectively. Unfortunately, the development of oncogene-independent resistant clones limits TKI efficacy. Here, we used non-oncogene addiction (NOA) as an innovative therapeutic strategy to target other essential proteins that support changes in tumor phenotype. Specifically, we tested, for the first time, a combination of inhibitors, namely ATR, involved in DNA damage response, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs), involved in energy metabolism. Methods: Sensitive PC9 and the corresponding EGFR-TKI-resistant PC9/OR, EGFR-mutant H1975, and KRAS-mutant A549 NSCLC cells, were treated with TKIs (osimertinib and selumetinib, respectively). In parallel, cells were exposed to two combination regimens: one using the TKI with an ATR inhibitor and the other one combining the two selected NOA inhibitors (ATR inhibitor, M4344; and PDK inhibitor, DCA). Results: The effect of these two combined approaches, compared to TKI alone, produced similar results in terms of cell proliferation, cell death, and migration. Thus, depending on tumor biology, selecting between the proposed therapeutic strategies will be different, to maximize tumor response. Conclusions: The major translational relevance of this study is to exploit new targets for the development of innovative and improved therapeutic strategies with NOA drugs, over combinations including target genes within the oncogene pathway, to overcome resistance to TKI therapies in patients with NSCLC who are oncogene-addicted.
Correlation Between Antihypertensive Drugs and Survival Among Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kluz Natalia , Kraj Leszek , Chmiel Paulina , Przybyłkowski Adam M. , Wyrwicz Lucjan , Stec Rafał , Szymański Łukasz
Published: November 2024

There is a growing prevalence of pancreatic cancer, accompanied by accelerated disease progression and diminished survival rates. Radical resection with clear margins remains the sole viable option for achieving a long-term cure in patients. In cases of advanced, unresectable, and metastatic disease, chemotherapy based on leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, gemcitabine, or nab-paclitaxel represents the cornerstone of the treatment. Considering the limited treatment options available following initial therapy, the strategy of repurposing commonly prescribed drugs such as antihypertensives into anti-cancer therapies in palliative treatment represents a promising avenue for enhancing survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The repurposing of existing drugs is typically a more cost-effective and expedient strategy than the development of new ones. The potential for antihypertensive drugs to be employed as adjunctive therapies could facilitate a more comprehensive treatment approach by targeting multiple pathways involved in cancer progression and acquired resistance to treatment. Antihypertensive medications, particularly those belonging to the pharmacological classes of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers, are commonly prescribed and have well-established safety profiles, particularly among patients with pancreatic cancer who are affected by multiple comorbidities. Therefore, we emphasize the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the use of antihypertensive agents in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, emphasizing their beneficial chemosensitizing effects.
Rapid Correction of Turbidity Interference on Chemical Oxygen Demand Measurements by Using Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrometry
Authors: Shan Shihan , Ji Yihuan , Deng Hanjing , Wu Zhuohui , Yang Tinglong , Wang Xiaoping
Published: November 2024

We developed a simple, rapid, and high-precision method to compensate for the turbidity interference in the measurement of water parameters using ultraviolet-visible spectrometry. By combining direct orthogonal signal correction (DOSC) with partial least squares (PLS), we corrected the full spectra (220 nm to 600 nm), significantly enhancing the accuracy of the water parameter calculations. First, DOSC was applied to filter out turbidity-related components, retaining only the spectral elements most closely associated with the target substance, without requiring a standard baseline for the turbidity effect. Then, 13 wavelengths were selected from the corrected full spectra to construct the discrete absorption spectra. Further, a PLS regression model was established based on the corrected discrete absorption spectra and their corresponding concentrations. In our experiment, this method effectively eliminated the blue shift and peak height reduction caused by turbidity, especially in shorter wavelengths, which are more sensitive to interference. Moreover, when applied to new samples, the correlation coefficients (R2) between the predicted and actual values improved from 0.5455 to 0.9997, and the root mean square error (RMSE) decreased from 12.3604 to 0.2295 after correction. Overall, the DOSC-PLS method, together with ultraviolet-visible spectrometry, posed a great potential for the precise monitoring of target water parameters in field studies.
Association Between Anthropometric and Hematological Parameters and the Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasitosis in Low-Income Children
Authors: Freire Bruno , Sohn Alessandra Marques , Rojas-Humpire Ricardo , Huancahuire-Vega Salomon
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study aims to determine the association between anthropometric values and laboratory tests with parasitosis diagnosis and identify diagnostic models for parasitosis without relying on copro-parasitological examinations. Methods: Data were collected from 1894 children aged 0–14 who attended a medical center for low-income children in Lima, Peru, between 2021 and 2022. Anthropometric data (BMI, weight, height), laboratory data (red blood cells, hemoglobin, platelets, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, eosinophils), and parasitological examination results were analyzed. Prevalence ratios for the association between parasitosis and each anthropometric and laboratory variable were estimated using multivariable Poisson regression. Regression models were developed for each type of parasite found, and the diagnostic value was assessed using ROC curves. Results: A high prevalence of parasitosis was identified (41.9%), including Blastocystis hominis (29.1%), Endolimax nana (7.76%), Entamoeba coli (5.97%), Giardia duodenalis (6.44%), and Enterobius vermicularis (1.85%). It was found that the male sex (PRa 1.18), the age group of 2–5 years (PRa 4.83) and >5 years (PRa 4.59), the percentage of eosinophils (PRa 1.02 for every 1% increase), and height/age with −5 SD (PRa 1.34) were associated with a greater risk of parasitosis. Satisfactory values were only shown for diagnostic models associating Enterobius vermicularis and BMI, with a diagnostic value of 70.9% and 70.2% for a BMI < 12 and hematocrit > 29.8%, and BMI < 12 and hemoglobin < 10.6 g/L, respectively. Conclusions: Satisfactory diagnostic value models were only found for parasitosis by Enterobius vermicularis, suggesting the potential for reducing reliance on copro-parasitological exams in resource-limited settings.
Ex Vivo Fluorescence Confocal Microscopy Meets Innovation and Revolutionary Technology, for “Real-Time” Histological Evaluation, in Pediatric Surgical Oncology
Authors: Di Fabrizio Donatella , Bindi Edoardo , Ilari Michele , Filosa Alessandra , Goteri Gaia , Cobellis Giovanni
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim: Ex vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) systems are innovative optical imaging tools that create virtual high-resolution histological images without any standard tissue processing, either freezing or fixing in formalin and embedding in paraffin. These systems have opened an era that would revolutionize pathological examination by providing rapid, real-time assessments across various pathology subspecialties, potentially replacing conventional methods that are tissue- and time-consuming. This study aimed to present the first utilization of FCM in pediatric surgical oncology, focusing on assessing the benefits, particularly in facilitating rapid and accurate diagnosis. Methods: This preliminary study comprised five consecutive patients undergoing surgical biopsy for disease characterization and surgical strategy selection. After biopsy, tissue samples were prepared and analyzed using FCM without sectioning. A pathologist who evaluated macroscopic and microscopic images, once obtained remotely, could promptly indicate any interventions that require timeliness. Samples were then evaluated with conventional methods. Results: All five lesions were deemed suitable for evaluation. Preliminary diagnoses utilizing FCM included atypical Spitz nevus (1), Wilm’s tumor (1), lymph node reactive hyperplasia (1), malignant germ cell tumor of the testis (1), and Hodgkin’s lymphoma (1). Final histopathological analyses revealed atypical Spitz nevus (1), Wilm’s tumor (1), hyperplastic lymphadenopathy with a prevalent marginal pattern (1), mixed nonseminomatous malignant germinal neoplasm consisting of embryonal carcinoma (90%) and yolk sac tumor (10%), and Hodgkin’s lymphoma nodular sclerosis variant (1). In the case of diagnosis of atypical Spitz nevus, the widening of the resection margins was performed in the same surgery. In the case of testicular neoplasm, radical orchiectomy was performed. A high level of agreement between FCM evaluation and definitive histological examination was observed for all parameters evaluated. Conclusions: FCM represents a significant advancement in pathological imaging technology, offering potential benefits in enhancing traditional tissue processing methods. This preliminary report marks the first application of FCM in pediatric surgical oncology. Our findings underscore the promising role of FCM as an adjunctive tool in pediatric oncology, facilitating prompt diagnosis and treatment initiation.
Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacological Interventions in the Management of Pediatric Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Checa-Peñalver Abel , Lírio-Romero Cristina , Luiz Ferreira Esther A. , Hernandes-Iglesias Sonsoles , García-Valdivieso Inmaculada , Pérez-Pozuelo Juan Manuel , Gómez-Cantarino Sagrario
Published: November 2024

(1) Background: Chronic pain in children remains an under-researched area, especially compared to acute pain. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in the management of pediatric chronic pain and their impact on the well-being of both children and their families. Given the growing interest in integrative treatments to reduce reliance on pharmacological solutions, this review addresses the need for alternative therapeutic approaches. (2) Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, covering studies published between 2019 and 2024 from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus. Eligible studies included children aged 2 to 18 years with chronic pain who received non-pharmacological interventions. Data were extracted on intervention types, participant characteristics, and outcomes. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB2 for randomized trials and ROBINS-I for non-randomized studies. (3) Results: A total of 11 studies involving 1739 children were included, assessing interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy, personalized psychosocial follow-up programs, hypnotherapy, music therapy, and digital tools. The results demonstrated significant reductions in pain severity, improvements in emotional and physical well-being, and high patient satisfaction. However, the generalizability of findings was limited by the small sample sizes and variability in study designs. (4) Conclusions: Non-pharmacological interventions appear effective in managing pediatric chronic pain, offering improvements in pain reduction and quality of life. Further research is needed to optimize these approaches and confirm their long-term benefits across diverse populations. These interventions represent promising alternatives or complements to pharmacological treatments in pediatric pain management.
A Study on the Mechanism by Which Graphene Oxide Affects the Macroscopic Properties and Microstructure of Abrasion-Resistant Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC)
Authors: He Tusheng , Xie Wei , Wang Feng , Yu Zi , Xu Fang , Li Jinhui , Deng Yitong , Ding Qingjun , Hao Yan , Xu Wei , Yu Haibin
Published: November 2024

To further enhance the abrasion resistance of UHPC in demanding abrasion environments, this study investigated the effects of graphene oxide (GO) on the workability, mechanical properties, and abrasion resistance of UHPC. Utilizing 27Al Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), 29Si NMR, microhardness, and BET analysis, the study analyzed the mechanisms through which GO influences UHPC’s microstructure in terms of abrasion resistance. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to examine the mechanisms by which GO enhances UHPC’s abrasion resistance at the nano and micron scale. The findings show that an optimal amount of GO can improve the mechanical properties and abrasion resistance of UHPC. When 0.03% of GO (by cementitious material mass) was incorporated, the impact on workability was minimal, yet compressive strength increased by approximately 1.80%, flexural strength by 3.02%, impact wear resistance by 1.78%, the abrasion loss rate decreased by 10.01%, ultimate impact energy increased by 1.76%, and the toughness index improved by 10.10%. GO enhances abrasion-resistant UHPC primarily by increasing hydration, refining pore structure, and improving the microstructure of the interfacial transition zone. While GO increases the hydration degree of the UHPC matrix, it does not alter the silicate chain in C-A-S-H gels within the paste. Additionally, the incorporation of graphene oxide can refine the pore structure of the UHPC cement paste and improve the microstructure of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the aggregate and the cement paste. The molecular dynamics simulation reveals that, under abrasive forces, GO forms strong, stable chemical bonds with the C-A-S-H base atoms, significantly enhancing the abrasion resistance of C-A-S-H.
“Chasing Rainbows” Beyond Kaposi Sarcoma’s Dermoscopy: A Mini-Review
Authors: Karampinis Emmanouil , Toli Olga , Pappa Georgia , Vardiampasi Anna , Theofili Melpomeni , Zafiriou Efterpi , Bobos Mattheos , Lallas Aimilios , Lazaridou Elizabeth , Behera Biswanath , Apalla Zoe
Published: November 2024

The dermoscopic rainbow pattern (RP), also known as polychromatic pattern, is characterized by a multicolored appearance, resulting from the dispersion of polarized light as it penetrates various tissue components. Its separation into different wavelengths occurs according to the physics principles of scattering, absorption, and interference of light, creating the optical effect of RP. Even though the RP is regarded as a highly specific dermoscopic indicator of Kaposi’s sarcoma, in the medical literature, it has also been documented as an atypical dermoscopic finding of other non-Kaposi skin entities. We aim to present two distinct cases—a pigmented basal cell carcinoma (pBCC) and an aneurysmatic dermatofibroma—that exhibited RP in dermoscopy and to conduct a thorough review of skin conditions that display RP, revealing any predisposing factors that could increase the likelihood of its occurrence in certain lesions. We identified 33 case reports and large-scale studies with diverse entities characterized by the presence of RP, including skin cancers (Merkel cell carcinoma, BCC, melanoma, etc.), adnexal tumors, special types of nevi (blue, deep penetrating), vascular lesions (acroangiodermatitis, strawberry angioma, angiokeratoma, aneurismatic dermatofibromas, etc.), granulation tissue, hypertrophic scars and fibrous lesions, skin infections (sporotrichosis and cutaneous leishmaniasis), and inflammatory dermatoses (lichen simplex and stasis dermatitis). According to our results, the majority of the lesions exhibiting the RP were located on the extremities. Identified precipitating factors included the nodular shape, lesion composition and vascularization, skin pigmentation, and lesions’ depth and thickness. These parameters lead to increased scattering and interference of light, producing a spectrum of colors that resemble a rainbow.
The Impact of the Dialysis Event Prevention Bundle on the Reduction in Dialysis Event Rate in Patients with Catheters: A Retrospective and Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: AlHulays Reem Hamed , Ghazy Amany A. , Taha Ahmed E.
Published: November 2024

Background: Dialysis-associated events such as bloodstream infections represent serious complications for hemodialysis patients, with the potential to increase morbidity and mortality. Aims: To assess the impact of implementing a comprehensive bundle of evidence-based practice on reducing dialysis event rates among catheter dialysis patients at Prince Mansour Military Hospital Dialysis Center. Participants and Methods: The study enrolled 111 hemodialysis participants. A comprehensive dialysis event prevention bundle consisting of 6 key components was implemented. Results: Implementation of the dialysis event prevention bundle showed a significant decrease in IV antimicrobial start (p = 0.003), positive blood culture (p = 0.039), and inflammation at the vascular access site eliminated (p = 0.004). There was a positive correlation between IV antimicrobial start and both patients’ age (p = 0.005) and the permanent catheter site (p = 0.002). Positive blood culture was significantly correlated with comorbidities (p = 0.000) and patients’ age (p = 0.320). A positive correlation between pus, redness, or increased swelling at the vascular access site with comorbidities (p = 0.034), patients’ age (p = 0.021), and the permanent catheter site (p = 0.002) was observed. Staff compliance with the dialysis event prevention bundle components has improved regarding hemodialysis catheter disconnection, catheter exit site care, and routine disinfection. Conclusions: Implementation of a comprehensive dialysis event prevention bundle can effectively reduce dialysis event rates and enhance patient safety.
Modification of Erroneous and Correct Digital Texts
Authors: Csernoch Mária , Hannusch Carolin , Biró Piroska
Published: November 2024

The end-user paradox and the illusion of digital prosperity reveal the contradictory situation in which both non-professional and professional computer scientists and engineers seem satisfied with digital development but unaware of the magnitude of waste generated by end-users and their digital artifacts. To measure this waste and to reveal end-users’ problem-solving strategies, our research group set up an objective measuring system that can calculate the entropy of digital texts (EDT). To calculate EDT, a testing process of 53 participants was launched where erroneous and correct natural language digital texts were modified according to the requirements of the tasks. It was found that erroneous documents require more time and information to be modified, which implies that waste is generated by handling these documents. It was also found that when the problem-solving processes are broken down into atomic steps, EDT can reveal uncertainty and idleness, which further increases waste. The goals of the present paper are to call attention to (1) the hidden waste generated by billions of end-users and its consequences, (2) educational approaches and general ignorance which have led to these low-level results, and (3) the need to set up a standard evaluation system for further analyses.
Understanding Student Learning Behavior: Integrating the Self-Regulated Learning Approach and K-Means Clustering
Authors: Pansri Buchaputara , Sharma Sandhya , Timilsina Suresh , Choonhapong Worawudh , Kurashige Kentarou , Watanabe Shinya , Sato Kazuhiko
Published: November 2024

Information and communication technology considerably impacts students’ engagement with self-regulated learning (SRL) methodologies. However, there has been a lack of any comprehensive visualization of the SRL process, making it difficult to interpret student behaviors. To address this issue, the REXX platform is used in this study to visualize SRL outputs. While REXX has previously been used to present educational metrics more comprehensively and personally in the learning management system (LMS) framework, research on understanding student behavior through the learning analytics platform (LAP) remains unexplored. This study focused on transforming REXX from an LMS to an LAP to capture detailed features of individual student profiles, thereby reflecting specific SRL characteristics. We collected profile data from 215 high school students via an e-learning web application and used K-means clustering to categorize their behaviors. The method yielded a Davies–-Bouldin score of 0.9718, a silhouette score of 0.54, and a Calinski–Harabasz score of 124.1805. This study addresses both teaching and learning strategies for educators and students. It represents a considerable step toward understanding student behavior in the e-learning environment. However, we recommend integrating machine learning models to enhance automated learning strategies alongside this baseline framework.
An Optimization Method for Design Solutions to Active Reflective Surface Control Systems Based on Axiomatic Design and Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Authors: Zhang Qinghai , Zhang Xiaoqian , Zhao Qingjian , Zhao Shuang , Zhao Yanan , Guo Yang , Zhao Zhengxu
Published: November 2024

The design of an Active Reflective Surface Control System (ARCS) is a complex engineering task involving multidimensional and multi-criteria constraints. This paper proposes a novel methodological approach for ARCS design and optimization by integrating Axiomatic Design (AD) and Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques. Initially, a structured design plan is formulated within the axiomatic design framework. Subsequently, four MCDM methods—Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), Entropy Weight Method (EWM), Multi-Criteria Optimization and Compromise Solution (VIKOR), and the integrated TOPSIS–Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) approach—are used to evaluate and compare the alternative solutions. Additionally, fuzzy information axioms are used to calculate the total information content for each alternative to identify the optimal design. A case study is conducted, selecting the optimal actuator for a 5 m diameter scaled model of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), followed by digital control experiments on the chosen actuator. Based on the optimal design scheme, an ARCS prototype is constructed, which accelerates project completion and substantially reduces trial-and-error costs.
Smart Transformer-Assisted Frequency Control Mechanism for RES Penetrated Power Systems Considering Metaheuristic-Based Secondary Controller
Authors: Raju Chakka Bapi Ayyappa , Debbarma Sanjoy , Rao Rayapudi Srinivasa
Published: November 2024

The gradual replacement of conventional generators with variable renewable energy sources (RES) will reduce their online frequency regulation (FR) resources and degrade their overall frequency control capabilities. Although various inertia emulation methods exist, shaping load consumption is considered a more effective strategy during emergency conditions than under-frequency load shedding. Managing loads following frequency excursions can support grid stability owing to rapid power response. In this context, a Smart Transformer (ST)-based FR framework for a RES-penetrated power system is studied in this paper. The ST, with its distinctive features, effectively shapes the load profile through online load sensitivity identification-based control, aiding in the stabilization of grid frequency. This paper also proposes a tilt integral second-order double derivative (TIDD2) controller for a secondary loop whose parameters are optimized using the Learner Performance-based Behavior (LPB) algorithm. A thorough investigation reveals that the response from ST controlling the voltage-dependent load in the presence of TIDD2 controllers can greatly enhance system performance by damping oscillations and peak deviations. In addition, the performance of Proportional–Integral–Derivative and TIDD2 considering ST in the primary loop is compared to delineate the robustness of the LPB-based TIDD2 controller. It is found that the proposed control scheme offers greater controllability and flexibility, enhancing the system’s dynamic performance.
Analysis of the Energy and Emission Performance of an Automatic Biomass Boiler in the Context of Efficient Heat Management
Authors: Nocoń Adam , Jachimowski Artur , Koniuch Wacław , Pełka Grzegorz , Luboń Wojciech , Kubarek Paweł , Jach-Nocoń Marta , Dawiec Dominika
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the results of an examination of an automatic biomass boiler identifying its strengths and weaknesses and computing its seasonal energy and emission parameters. The boiler was found to meet the energy and emission requirements for distribution in Poland. The boiler is characterised by good heating efficiency and low dust and carbon monoxide emissions. The aim of this paper is to provide and analyse these parameters, and by doing so classify it in the context of its competitors. The average heating output is 26.86 kW and the thermal efficiency is 87.97%. Carbon monoxide emissions are very low (22.71 mg/m3). However, nitrogen oxide emissions (187.6 mg/m3) can be a problem. Filters made out of metalworking waste, i.e., machining shavings, significantly improve the boiler performance, contributing to an increased heat output and efficiency and reduced dust emissions. Compared with other solutions available in the market, the boiler compares favourably in terms of dust and carbon monoxide emissions and is also characterised by similar efficiency, especially with the filters in place. Regarding the context of thermal energy management, the appliance under investigation demonstrates not only favourable energy and emission parameters, but also the potential for the efficient use of thermal energy, which can bring additional economic and environmental benefits.
Energy, Exergy, and Economic Performance Comparison and Parametric Optimization of Organic Rankine Cycles Using Isobutane, Isopentane, and Their Mixtures for Waste Heat Recovery
Authors: Feng Junsheng , Yan Yaru , Zhao Liang , Dong Hui
Published: November 2024

The possibility of applying the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) to further recycle the low-grade waste heat efficiently is studied in the present work. The energy, exergy, and economic models of the ORC system are established, and the isobutane, isopentane, and their mixtures are selected as the organic working mediums (OWMs). Due to the slip characteristics of mixed OWM, four operational conditions of the ORC system are proposed, and then the contrastive analysis of energy, exergy, and economic performances under the four operational conditions are conducted. Finally, the optimal mixture mass fraction and crucial parameters of the ORC system are separately determined through the bi-objective optimization. The results show that the ORC system using the mixed OWM can achieve a larger net power output and exergy efficiency by comparing the pure OWM when the condensing temperature is set as the saturated vapor temperature during the condensation process. The electricity production cost first rises and then decreases with the rising mass fraction of isobutane in mixed OWM, and the ORC system using the isopentane can achieve the smallest electricity production cost. By taking the low-grade flue gas of 433.15 K as the ORC heat source, four operational conditions have the same optimal ORC crucial parameters, namely the evaporating temperature of 393.15 K, condensing temperature of 308.15 K, and superheat degree of 0 K. The pure OWM of isobutane can achieve better overall performance by setting the condensing temperature as the saturated liquid temperature.
Array of Graphene Solar Cells on 100 mm Silicon Wafers for Power Systems
Authors: Rahman Syed M. , Kabir Md R. , Amin Tamzeed B. , Mangum James M. , Ashaduzzaman  , Thibado Paul M.
Published: November 2024

High electrical conductivity and optical transparency make graphene a suitable candidate for photovoltaic-based power systems. In this study, we present the design and fabrication of an array of graphene-based Schottky junction solar cells. Using mainstream semiconductor manufacturing methods, we produced 96 solar cells from a single 100 mm diameter silicon wafer that was precoated with an oxide layer. The fabrication process involves removing the oxide layer over a select region, depositing metal contacts on both the oxide and bare silicon regions, and transferring large-area graphene onto the exposed silicon to create the photovoltaic interface. A single solar cell can provide up to 160 μA of short-circuit current and up to 0.42 V of open-circuit voltage. A series of solar cells are wired to recharge a 3 V battery intermittently, while the battery continuously powers a device. The solar cells and rechargeable battery together form a power system for any 3-volt low-power application.
Application of Semiconductor Technology for Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Fabrication
Authors: Kubiak Andrzej , Bokla Nataliia , Klymkovych Tamara , Ruta Łukasz , Bernacki Łukasz
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we propose the application of semiconductor technology processes to fabricate integrated silicon devices that demonstrate the piezoelectric energy harvesting effect. The harvesting structure converts thermal energy into electricity using a piezoelectric transducer, which generates electrical signals owing to the dynamic bending under pressure caused by the explosive boiling of the working fluid within the harvester. The challenges of previous works that included complex manufacturing processing and form limitations were addressed by the use of semiconductor technology based on laser beam processing, which led to simplification of the device’s fabrication. The electrical characterization of the fabricated harvester prototype proved its functionality in energy conversion and potential for integration with a step-up converter or power management integrated circuit (PMIC) generating stable impulses ranging from 0.4 to 1.5 V at a frequency of 7 Hz.
The Concept of Spatial Reliability Across Renewable Energy Systems—An Application to Decentralized Solar PV Energy
Authors: Zisos Athanasios , Chatzopoulos Dimitrios , Efstratiadis Andreas
Published: November 2024

Decentralized planning of renewable energy systems aims to address the substantial spatiotemporal variability, and thus uncertainty, associated with their underlying hydrometeorological processes. For instance, solar photovoltaic (PV) energy is driven by two processes, namely solar radiation, which is the main input, and ambient temperature, with the latter affecting the panel efficiency under specific weather conditions. The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive investigation of the role of spatial scale by assessing the theoretical advantages of the distributed production of renewable energy sources over those of centralized, in probabilistic means. Acknowledging previous efforts for the optimal spatial distribution of different power units across predetermined locations, often employing the Modern Portfolio Theory framework, this work introduces the generic concept of spatial reliability and highlights its practical use as a strategic planning tool for assessing the benefits of distributed generation at a large scale. The methodology is verified by considering the case of Greece, where PV solar energy is one of the predominant renewables. Following a Monte Carlo approach, thus randomly distributing PVs across well-distributed locations, scaling laws are derived in terms of the spatial probability of capacity factors.
Study on Long-Term Stability of Lined Rock Cavern for Compressed Air Energy Storage
Authors: Liu Shaohua , Zhang Duoxin
Published: November 2024

A rock mass is mainly subjected to a high internal pressure load in the lined rock cavern (LRC) for compressed air energy storage (CAES). However, under the action of long-term cyclic loading and unloading, the mechanical properties of a rock mass will deteriorate, affecting the long-term stability of the cavern. The fissures in the rock mass will expand and generate new cracks, causing varying degrees of damage to the rock mass. Most of the existing studies are based on the test data of complete rock samples and the fissures in the rock mass are ignored. In this paper, the strain equivalence principle is used to couple the initial damage variable caused by the fissures and the fatigue damage variable of a rock mass to obtain the damage variable of a rock mass under cyclic stress. Then, based on the ANSYS 17.0 platform, the ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL) is used to program the rock mass elastic modulus evolution equation, and a calculation program of the rock mass damage model is secondarily developed. The calculation program is verified by a cyclic loading and unloading model test. It is applied to the construction project of underground LRC for CAES in Northwest China. The calculation results show that the vertical radial displacement of the rock mass is 8.39 mm after the 100th cycle, which is a little larger than the 7.53 mm after the first cycle. The plastic zone of the rock mass is enlarged by 4.71 m2, about 11.49% for 100 cycles compared to the first cycle. Our calculation results can guide the design and calculation of the LRC, which is beneficial to the promotion of the CAES technology.
Advances in Sustainable Finance in Energy Sectors
Authors: Filipiak Beata Zofia
Published: November 2024

Climate initiatives are not only intensified by politicians and international organizations, but climate policy is also subject to changes resulting from various factors, the sources of which can be seen in socio-economic problems, incorrect investment decisions and the consequences of ESG risk [...]