bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The genus Protopholeuon (Coleoptera, Leptodirini): distribution, morphological, ultratructural and genetic details
Authors: Sitar Cristian , Bucur Ruxandra , Kenesz Marius , Moldovan Oana Teodora
Published: July 2022

Protopholeuon is a monospecific genus of Leptodirini, endemic to Romania, represented by Protopholeuon hungaricum, described incompletely by Csiki in 1904. In 1923, René Jeannel published a more comprehensive morphological description of the species, along with the first drawing of male genitalia.

The type locality of the species is Lucia Cave, in the Metaliferi Mountains (Apuseni Mountains). This was the only locality where the species was found and collected. In the last decade, representatives of the genus Protopholeon were found in other caves of the Metaliferi Mountains. These caves are: Grohot, Izbucul Topliței, Ponor, Rusești, Hodobana, Cizmei, Urșilor Bulzești. The aerial distance between Lucia Cave and the newly explored caves is about 20 km. The patchy geology and hydrology of the area can act as natural barriers that shape the species' geographic distribution and enhance the speciation process.

We provide morphometric information for Protopholeuon specimens obtained from 80 individuals. We also present the pictures of Protopholeuon with morphological and ultrastructural details (SEM microscopy) for head, mandibles, antennae, elytra surface and aedeagus. All this completes the morphological description made in 1923 by Jeannel.

We present the first data on the molecular analysis of a mitochondrial COI fragment on Protopholeuon all the mentioned caves. For every cave, we analyzed 2-3 specimens. Our working hypothesis was that considering the distribution of caves, P. hungaricum from Lucia Cave represents a distinct phylogenetic unit from the other sampled caves of the Metaliferi Mountains. As an outgroup for rooting the phylogenetic tree, we used sequences from Pholeuon, another genus of endemic Romanian Leptodirini.

The molecular analysis revealed a unique clade for all samples from Metaliferi Mountains. Moreover, a single clade is built by all Metaliferi haplotypes, except Lucia Cave, with a high bootstrap value (85%). The genetic distance between ingroup and outgroup samples is 7-8%, while between the Lucia haplotype and the other haplotypes from Metaliferi Mountain the range is 3-4%, which agrees with other results from the group of Romanian Leptodirini. The distances between Metaliferi Mountain haplotypes (except Lucia Cave) are 0.1-2.8%, grouping in two distinct clades, with high statistical values. Still, the taxonomic status of samples from the Metaliferi Mountains should be further investigated by corroborating morphologic and genetic data.
IUCN red-listing of subterranean invertebrates: problems, gaps and the future
Authors: Deharveng Louis , Komericki Ana , Khela Sonia
Published: July 2022

Red-listing is a widely used approach to globally evaluate the threats that affect a species, according to a set of standardized criteria. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of species. It is an international reference in this field, and a powerful tool for conservation of endangered species, sites and habitats.

A number of subterranean organisms of various taxonomical groups have been assessed from a few decades, and are currently being assessed, revealing serious difficulties and uncertainties linked to the special characteristics of subterranean ecosystems and species. The most critical problems, that are linked to distribution, dispersion, life cycle and sensitivity to disturbance, and some ways to overcome them, are discussed in this paper.

Partly linked to this, redlisting of subterranean species has so far achieved moderate results with regard to the diversity and vulnerability of subterranean species - with the well-known exception of bats. Data drawn from IUCN online database of redlsted species reveals that subterranean invertebrates are hugely under-covered at geographical and taxonomic levels. Moreover, among red-listed species that are connected to subterranean habitats, most are stygophiles and troglophiles, i.e. not obligate cave dwellers. In contrast, very few of the species strictly linked to subterranean life (stygobionts and troglobionts) have been red-listed so far, in spite of the exceptional proneness to endemicity of subterranean invertebrate groups.

On an other hand, assessments are extremely uneven across countries and across taxa. Many regions with significant cave fauna do not have any assessed subterranean species. The richest countries in subterranean diversity are not those which have the highest number of assessed species. The zoological invertebrate groups that dominate cave fauna in diversity (beetles, springtails, microcrustacea...) have contrasted proportion of redlisted species: higher for snails, very low for microcrustaceans, beetles and springtails, with rare local exceptions.

Assessment difficulties underlined above, low coverage of cave fauna in available assessments, limited progress in number of red-listed species in the face of the high number of concerned species, and the limited human resources to do the job led us to favour a more pragmatic approach to subterranean invertebrates red-listing for the coming years. Really threatened subterranean species are actually not numerous, because subterranean habitats are protected from most critical disturbance that devastate so many surface habitats. The aim will be therefore to focus on the most threatened species and sites in the world, with a particular attention on mining, water pollution and large scale surface habitats destruction.
A Feulgen glimpse into genome evolution during range expansion: a case study of the subterranean amphipod Niphargus schellenbergi
Authors: M.Tawfeeq Mohammed , Weber Dieter , Flot Jean-François
Published: July 2022

In 1923, Robert Feulgen designed a quantitative approach to measure the relative DNA content of a species (its so-called “C-value”, which is defined as half of the DNA content of a somatic cell and is expressed in pg). The Feulgen approach has several advantages: it can be used on ethanol-preserved samples, it is relatively inexpensive, and it does not require sophisticated equipment (Hardie et al. 2002, Jeffery and Gregory 2014, Kasten 2003). Gathering DNA content information is a key preliminary step for whole-genome sequencing of non-model species and also yield important information for ecological and evolutionary studies as well as for conservation (Jeffery et al. 2013), since genome size has been shown to be strongly correlated to extinction risk in animals and plants (Vinogradov 2004, Vinogradov 2003).

Among invertebrates, Niphargidae is among the largest families of freshwater subterranean amphipods in the world, and more than 450 niphargid species have been described (Horton et al. 2021). Thus, it is considered an ideal model for evolutionary and ecological studies. Using a new, improved Feulgen protocol, we generated novel genome size estimates for 26 samples of Niphargus schellenbergi collected from central and western European niphargids. The obtained C-values ranged from 2.75 to 5.25 pg. Such a two-fold intraspecific variation is unusual but not unheard of: it occurs also in the monogonont rotifer Brachionus asplanchnoidis (Stelzer et al. 2021). Further research will be required to find out the mechanisms responsible for this variation, which may result from copy-number variation, polyploidy and/or various amounts of transposable elements.
Overcoming shortfalls and impediments in subterranean biology: a challenge for the future
Authors: Stoch Fabio , Flot Jean-François
Published: July 2022

Since the discovery and description of the first specialized cave species, subterranean fauna stimulated the scientific research of several generations of speleobiologists especially after the publication of Racovitza's classification of cave species, which is still used today, amended for non-karstic areas and groundwaters. More than 28,000 obligate subterranean species are known worldwide; however, these figures are likely to be underestimated since species richness is highly correlated with research effort (Stoch and Galassi 2010). Subterranean ecosystems are very rich in strict endemic species and taxonomic efforts are still quite low (i.e., the so-called "taxonomic impediment"), while several environments are very difficult to be explored (i.e., the "Racovitzan impediment: Ficetola et al. 2018).

Furthermore, several paradigms were debated for years. Albeit constrasting hypotheses were conceived to explain the colonization of subsurface habitats, their importance is still debated (i.e., climate relicts vs. adaptive shift in colonization and speciation, dispersal vs. vicariance in shaping distributional patterns, and selective vs. neutral hypotheses in explaining regressive evolution). Moreover, the paradigm of a "truncated functional diversity" of subterranean ecosystems (Gibert and Deharveng 2002) lasted for years but was recently challenged by the discovery of chemoautotrophic ecosystems in hypogenic and anchialine caves, and the recognition that caves are not isolated environments, but they are highly interconnected with surface ecosystems. The increased importance of their conservation (like in the case of GDEs, Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems) was recently recognized, together with their provision of important ecosystem services (Boulton 2020).

A deeper knowledge is required to assess biodiversity hotspots as well as to plan efficient monitoring surveys (Mammola et al. 2020). In the last decades, a growing amount of molecular data has been obtained for subterranean species, allowing some of the classical debates on colonization, evolution, and dispersal to be revisited (Bauzà-Ribot et al. 2012); moreover, novel promising techniques like metabarcoding and environmental DNA were applied in field surveys and monitoring efforts.

Unfortunately, after more than one century of research in subterranean biology, large gaps remain in our knowledge of phylogeny, richness, and distribution of subterranean fauna (formalized in the so-called Darwinian, Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls), preventing the definition of large-scale sound management and protection plans. It is proposed that data from recent biomolecular techniques coupled with remotely sensed data may enhance biodiversity mapping and conservation and are promising approaches to fill our knowledge gaps. Perhaps this is the greatest challenge that tomorrow's subterranean biologists will face.
New species of the genus Molanna Curtis, 1834 (Trichoptera, Molannidae) in China inferred from morphology and DNA barcodes
Authors: Ge Xin-yu , Peng Lang , Du Jie , Sun Chang-hai , Wang Bei-xin
Published: July 2022

The male adult of Molanna truncata Ge, Peng & Sun sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on material collected in Si-chuan, China. It could be diagnosed by the subtriangular superior appendages when viewed dorsally, and by the mesal appendages each having a slender thorn and inferior appendages with a tiny inner process. Based on morphology of genitalia, we provide a dichotomous key to adult males of Molanna from the Oriental region. The DNA barcodes (partial mtCOI sequences) of M. truncatasp. nov. are generated and compared with existing sequences of Molanna species from Oriental and Palearctic regions. The mean intraspecific divergence of Molanna was 1.58% with a maximum of 8.50% in M. moesta. The Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) analysis of Molanna inferred 9 OTUs and thresholds of interspecific divergence of 10%. Divergence of M. truncatasp. nov. haplotypes from all other Molanna haplotypes ranged from 10.1% to 18%. We discuss distribution and potential groups of species within the Oriental Molanna species based on morphology.
Addendum and Corrigendum: Robertson DR, Estapé CJ, Estapé AM, Richter L, Peña E, Victor B (2022) An updated, illustrated inventory of the marine fishes of the US Virgin Islands. Zookeys 1103: 79–122. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1103.83795
Authors: Robertson David Ross , Estapé Carlos J. , Estapé Allison M. , Richter Lee , Peña Ernesto , Victor Benjamin
Published: July 2022

Review of the image plates shows that an image of Rypticus subbifrenatus was incorrectly identified as that of its similarly colored congener R. carpenter. Hence the latter was deleted from the St. John-Thomas inventory. In addition, an image of the blenniid fish Hypsoblennius exstochilus was obtained from St. Thomas, and it is now added to that inventory. These two changes did not substantially affect data on the ecological structure of the St. John-Thomas fauna.
Les demandeurs d’asile et les réfugiés en France et en Allemagne depuis 2015
Authors: Aulanier Audran , Bartel Anja
Published: July 2022

Si l’Allemagne fait souvent figure de modèle dans le débat public et politique français sur les politiques d’accueil, cet intérêt n’est guère réciproque. À cela s’ajoute la quasi-absence de travaux scientifiques comparatifs sur les politiques d’accueil à l’égard des personnes en exil. Pour autant, comme le montre cette introduction à partir d’exemples relatifs aux systèmes de répartition des demandeurs d’asile, à l’organisation et aux résultats de la procédure d’asile, ainsi qu’aux différentes conceptions nationales de l’intégration, ces politiques, au-delà de leurs convergences, restent marquées par de fortes différences. Celles-ci invitent à enquêter sur les effets de ces politiques en France et en Allemagne en partant « du bas », à partir d’enquêtes empiriques mettant au centre les expériences de différents acteurs, tels que les villes, les associations ou les personnes en exil.
L’organisation des systèmes d’accueil des exilés en France et en Allemagne
Authors: Gardesse Camille , Lelévrier Christine , Barwick Christine , Bartel Anja , Aulanier Audran
Published: July 2022

Cet entretien, qui porte sur les systèmes d’accueil destinés aux exilés en France et en Allemagne, traite en particulier de la question de l’hébergement des demandeurs d’asile et des réfugiés. Les particularités de chaque pays sont précisées, tout comme quelques points communs. Enfin, des précisions sont apportées en ce qui concerne la situation des villes moyennes, peu étudiées dans la littérature académique.
Hébergement ou colocation ? Comparaison Paris-Berlin des modèles d’hospitalité privée pour loger les personnes exilées
Authors: Luccioni Clément
Published: July 2022

Au milieu des années 2010, alors que des milliers de personnes exilées arrivaient à Paris et à Berlin, des initiatives ont vu le jour pour inciter les populations locales à accueillir ces personnes à leur domicile. Toutefois, bien que ce mouvement citoyen en faveur de l’hospitalité privée soit commun aux capitales française et allemande, la cohabitation n’a pas revêtu les mêmes formes dans les deux villes. À Paris, c’est surtout l’accueil gratuit et temporaire qui s’est développé. À Berlin, l’attention s’est plutôt portée sur des cohabitations plus pérennes et de droit commun, telles que la colocation. Cet article propose d’expliquer ce contraste à l’aune des particularités locales des systèmes d’hébergement des personnes en demande d’asile et des politiques d’accès au logement pour les plus pauvres, ainsi que des controverses publiques qui les entourent. À Berlin, les associations ont imaginé des formes de cohabitation solidaire durables, à la fois contre les «  camps  » dans lesquels les personnes exilées sont contraintes de vivre et grâce aux politiques qui facilitent l’accès au logement. À Paris, face à une pénurie de places d’hébergement public et de logements, les associations ont développé des solutions solidaires alternatives, qui souvent ne représentent qu’une étape dans un long parcours résidentiel sous contraintes.
Personnes en exil : expériences en France et en Allemagne
Authors: Bartel Anja
Published: July 2022

Les parcours des personnes en exil sont fortement marqués par des passages d’un statut administratif à un autre. Pendant toute la période de la procédure de demande d’asile, les règles restrictives des régimes d’accueil nationaux limitent les possibilités de participation des exilés à la vie sociale. Cependant, si le statut de réfugié leur est reconnu, ces personnes deviennent soudainement la cible prioritaire des politiques d’intégration. Mais comment les personnes en exil vivent et évaluent-elles, elles-mêmes, ces parcours ? Cette question est abordée en partant d’entretiens biographiques réalisés auprès d’une cinquantaine de jeunes réfugiés en France et en Allemagne. En s’appuyant sur la mise en contraste de deux études de cas, cet article comparera les politiques nationales en France et en Allemagne et montrera comment elles façonnent les parcours des personnes en exil.
Politiques d’accueil et travail humanitaire des réfugiés maliens au Burkina Faso
Authors: Soukouna Sadio
Published: July 2022

Cet article étudie la mise en œuvre, depuis la crise malienne de 2012, de politiques migratoires au Burkina Faso face à l’afflux de populations réfugiées. Il éclaire un contexte d’intervention où l’État, dont les capacités sont fortement contraintes, n’est plus l’acteur central. Il analyse la délégation de certaines activités à des acteurs intermédiaires et la formation d’une configuration hybride d’acteurs étatiques et non étatiques qui interviennent dans l’accueil des populations réfugiées. Par ailleurs, l’article propose une réflexion sur le rôle actif des réfugiés en tant qu’intermédiaires de l’action humanitaire, ce qui permet de dépasser l’approche victimisante dans l’étude de la mobilité des réfugiés, d’ordinaire catégorisés comme « vulnérables », dont la capacité d’agir semble être marquée du sceau de la « fuite ». La réalité des contextes étudiés met en évidence des pratiques et trajectoires d’individus qui usent de diverses stratégies pour transformer les normes et dispositifs d’encadrement des réfugiés. Elle fait aussi état de l’influence des réfugiés dans la mise en œuvre et dans le contournement des dispositifs de tri migratoire, des règles et normes dictées par les politiques et institutions en charge de la gestion de l’asile au Burkina Faso. L’intermédiation de ces acteurs non institutionnels produit également des rapports de pouvoir, des tensions et des inégalités entre les réfugiés. Cet article appréhende précisément l’inscription de longue durée des réfugiés dans ces dispositifs, le rapport qu’ils entretiennent avec le travail humanitaire, les carrières qui se dessinent, tout en objectivant les fonctions successives occupées par les réfugiés dans l’encadrement des mobilités forcées en Afrique sahélienne.
Les propriétés psychométriques de la version francophone du Child Feeding Questionnaire
Authors: Duguay-Ferguson Annie , Harrison Suzanne
Published: July 2022

Introduction : le Child feeding questionnaire est un outil de mesure qui s’attarde à la perception, les attitudes et les inquiétudes des parents en lien avec le poids de leur enfant. Contexte : l’outil est utilisé depuis plus de vingt ans. Il a été traduit dans huit langues ; pourtant, il n’existe aucune version francophone. Objectif : le but de cette recherche méthodologique était de traduire le Child feeding questionnaire en français, et de tester la validité et la fidélité de l’outil traduit. Méthode : la traduction inversée a produit une version du questionnaire qui a été envoyée à 455 parents francophones ayant des enfants âgés entre cinq à dix ans, grâce à un lien électronique. Afin de tester la validité et la fidélité du Child feeding questionnaire , les analyses suivantes ont été effectuées : analyse factorielle, cohérence interne, analyses descriptives et corrélations de Pearson. Résultats : au total, 136 questionnaires autodéclarés ont été retenus. À la suite de l’analyse factorielle, la rotation a démontré la présence de neuf principaux facteurs présentant une cohérence interne acceptable. Discussion : comme plusieurs études similaires l’ont démontré, les parents de cette étude ont tendance à sous-estimer le poids de leur enfant et à être peu préoccupés par celui-ci. Conclusion : les résultats démontrent que l’outil traduit présente de bonnes propriétés psychométriques.
Quand les réalités contextuelles entravent le processus d’accueil aux urgences psychiatriques
Authors: Meriaux Mathilde , Denis Jennifer
Published: July 2022

Introduction : s’interroger sur la mise en place des soins en psychiatrie nécessite de prime à bord de nourrir une réflexion sur et autour du moment de l’accueil des patients au sein des services d’urgences. Dit autrement, de porter un regard sur les conditions contextuelles de ce primo moment du soin. Notre objectif est d’étudier les ingrédients qui participent au développement ou au maintien d’une attitude dite accueillante. Méthode : la théorisation enracinée nous a permis d’approcher au mieux la complexité du phénomène, en allant à la rencontre d’intervenants exerçant en unité de crise et d’urgences psychiatriques. Résultats : les résultats exposent trois voies impliquées dans le processus d’accueil : (1) voie d’activation du processus ; (2) voie d’affaiblissement du processus ; (3) voie pour contrer la voie d’affaiblissement et alimenter la voie d’activation. Réintroduire le temps de penser et des « espaces du dire » reste l’enjeu à l’accueil des urgences psychiatriques. Discussion : accueillir dépend avant tout qu’un contexte propice – sociétal, politique, institutionnel et environnemental – soit encouragé et maintenu dans l’univers professionnel et personnel des intervenants de la crise.
Beneficial effects of silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupal oil on serum and hepatic lipid parameters in high fat diet fed rats
Authors: Liao A.M. , Zhang J. , Thakur K. , Zhang J.G. , Wei Z.J.
Published: July 2022

As a kind of insect oil, silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupal oil (SPO) is rich in abundant nutritive components including unsaturated fatty acids especially alpha-linolenic acid, and can bring significant economic benefits. SPO extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide from desilked silkworm pupae was employed to investigate the beneficial effects of SPO on growth parameters and lipid metabolism of rats fed with high-fat diet (HFD). Results demonstrated that SPO supplementation could reduce the body weight gain and relative liver weight and it could lower the total cholesterol and triglycerides in serum and liver in HFD fed rats. It significantly decreased serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and increased serum and hepatic high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level in HFD rats. Hepatic protection by SPO was confirmed by histological analysis of the liver via H&E staining. SPO relieved the negative effect of HFD on the mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), toll-like receptor 4, and nuclear factor-kappa B p65 in the liver. Our study indicates that SPO is a promising dietary supplement regulating lipid metabolism and potentially contributes to the prevention and therapy of fatty liver diseases such as obesity-related atherosclerosis.
High dimensional Markovian trading of a single stock
Authors: Elliott Robert , Madan Dilip B. , Wang King
Published: July 2022

OU processes with long term drifts that are Tempered Fractional Lévy Processes reduce to a \begin{document}$ d+1 $\end{document} dimensional Markovian system when the parameter \begin{document}$ d $\end{document} is an integer. Markovian optimization problems are formulated for the proportion of a dollar to be invested in a risky stock following the specified dynamics. The objective evaluates the cumulated discounted returns to a dollar being invested continuously through time. Risk sensitivity is accomplished by maximizing a conservative financial valuation seen as a nonlinear expectation. Trading policies are determined by solutions of nonlinear partial integro-differential equations. The policies are evaluated on a quantized set of representative Markovian states in the higher dimensions. Gaussian Process Regressions are then employed to deliver general functions of the state. The nonlinear policy functions deliver good trading outcomes on simulated data. The policy functions are then applied to trading \begin{document}$ SPY $\end{document} from \begin{document}$ 2008 $\end{document} through \begin{document}$ 2020 $\end{document} with good results. They are also employed to trade \begin{document}$ 874 $\end{document} stocks over a four year period with reasonable results. Only three policy functions trained on one year of \begin{document}$ SPY $\end{document} data for \begin{document}$ 2020 $\end{document} are reported on. It is conjectured that a variety of functions may be trained on other data sets over other periods and selections may then be made for the functions actually traded on a particular stock at a particular time from this collection. The underlying dynamics may also be further enriched by allowing for a Markov chain of states that code changes in the parameter values for the driving Lévy process.
Landslide susceptibility mapping based on rainfall scenarios: a case study from Sao Paulo in Brazil
Authors: Ramos Leila Maria , Bazzan Thiago , Motta Mariana Ferreira Benessiuti , Bernardes George de Paula , Giacheti Heraldo Luiz
Published: July 2022

Mass movement susceptibility mapping from rainfall data and in situ site characterization constitute an important approach for preventing geological-geotechnical accidents on railroads and highways. A comprehensive site characterization program was conducted to identify slopes with mass movements along the 44 km of SP-171 road in the state of Sã o Paulo, Brazil. Ninety-two slopes with some degree of instability were found along this section of the road, including rupture scars, active erosive processes and the presence of unstable rock blocks. Two scenarios for mass movement susceptibility (100 mm and 500 mm of accumulated rainfall) were defined by overlaying thematic maps of relief, soil type, geology, accumulated rainfall and declivity using geographic information system-based techniques. The results for both scenarios identified the regions with high and medium susceptibility to mass movements; for the scenario of 100 mm of accumulated rainfall; we found that 27% and 73% of the land area of SP-171 is respectively highly and moderately susceptible to landslide events. For the scenario of 500 mm, we found 58% and 40% to be highly and moderately susceptible areas. This study also allowed us to identify the main geotechnical problems along the 44 km of this road, and thus can be used to guide actions and decisions to avoid or minimize such problems.
Cocycle superrigidity from higher rank lattices to $ {{\rm{Out}}}{(F_N)} $
Authors: Guirardel Vincent , Horbez Camille , Lécureux Jean
Published: July 2022

We prove a rigidity result for cocycles from higher rank lattices to \begin{document}$ \mathrm{Out}(F_N) $\end{document} and more generally to the outer automorphism group of a torsion-free hyperbolic group. More precisely, let \begin{document}$ G $\end{document} be either a product of connected higher rank simple algebraic groups over local fields, or a lattice in such a product. Let \begin{document}$ G \curvearrowright X $\end{document} be an ergodic measure-preserving action on a standard probability space, and let \begin{document}$ H $\end{document} be a torsion-free hyperbolic group. We prove that every Borel cocycle \begin{document}$ G\times X\to \mathrm{Out}(H) $\end{document} is cohomologous to a cocycle with values in a finite subgroup of \begin{document}$ \mathrm{Out}(H) $\end{document}. This provides a dynamical version of theorems of Farb–Kaimanovich–Masur and Bridson–Wade asserting that every homomorphism from \begin{document}$ G $\end{document} to either the mapping class group of a finite-type surface or the outer automorphism group of a free group, has finite image.

The main new geometric tool is a barycenter map that associates to every triple of points in the boundary of the (relative) free factor graph a finite set of (relative) free splittings.
De la guerre à la paix, politique et sainteté dans la Bretagne ducale (1364-1442) : les cas de Charles de Blois et de Vincent Ferrier
Authors: Héry Laurent
Published: July 2022

Les procès de canonisation de Charles de Blois (1319-1364), duc de Bretagne, et de Vincent Ferrier (1350-1419), dominicain valencien, au-delà des informations qu’ils livrent sur ces deux hommes et leurs vocations respectives, témoignent des enjeux politiques et géopolitiques qui animaient la péninsule bretonne sous les règnes des premiers ducs de la maison de Montfort. L’enquête menée à Angers en 1371 restitue le climat incertain de l’après-guerre de Succession, quand le parti de Blois-Penthièvre cherchait à saper l’autorité du duc Jean IV en affirmant la sainteté de son ancien adversaire. L’enquête conduite à Vannes et dans plusieurs localités du duché, en 1453-1454, reflète au contraire l’atmosphère plus apaisée du règne de Jean V qui visait, par une politique de réconciliation, à refermer les plaies de la guerre civile et qui tenait, par une habile politique d’équilibre, à préserver la Bretagne des soubresauts de la guerre de Cent Ans. Ces procès, à travers les dépositions des témoins et les récits de miracles, retracent donc une période charnière de l’histoire du duché qui permit à la population bretonne de passer de la guerre, où périt Charles de Blois, à la paix, à laquelle Vincent Ferrier contribua.
Dévotion populaire et couleur locale en pays chouan : une ethnographie du culte de saint Vincent Ferrier à Vannes en 1850
Authors: Brejon de Lavergnée Matthieu
Published: July 2022

Le culte rendu à Vincent Ferrier apparaît comme bien vivace au xixe siècle, en particulier à Vannes où l’on n’oublie pas que le saint espagnol est décédé dans cette ville. Il connaît même un renouveau en raison d’une forte demande populaire thaumaturgique et de l’intérêt du clergé antiquaire local qui se livre à des travaux d’érudition. Frédéric Ozanam, étranger à la Bretagne mais contemporain du « bretonisme », apporte en 1850 un témoignage précieux en se livrant à une ethnographie des pratiques religieuses qu’il observe auprès des reliques du saint. Il décrit aussi en romantique les mœurs locales et livre son tableau politique de la France de l’Ouest à l’heure du siècle des révolutions.
Savante bureaucratie : le Journal de Jourdan (1854‑1868) et l’administration quotidienne du Muséum de Lyon
Authors: Dubald Déborah
Published: July 2022

Cet article propose d’étudier un document très particulier de l’histoire des musées d’histoire naturelle : il s’agit du Journal établi par Claude Jourdan pendant sa direction du Muséum de Lyon entre 1832 et 1869. Regroupant des copies de documents du quotidien de l’administration du musée mais aussi des éléments de la correspondance savante de Jourdan, le Journal témoigne d’une grande porosité entre culture administrative et appropriation personnelle de la direction muséale dans un contexte d’institutionnalisation des lieux de savoir savant. L’analyse de cet outil de la gestion muséale permet de saisir au quotidien trois aspects du travail mené par Jourdan au Muséum de Lyon : le processus de bureaucratisation du musée au xixe siècle, la défense de ce dernier tout au long de la période où le directeur a été en fonction, et le développement d’un projet scientifique de grande ampleur adossé à des ambitions personnelles.
Future-Proofing Geography Teaching and Learning Using Remote Learning and Co-Creation Approaches
Authors: Mercer Theresa G. , Kythreotis Andrew P. , Kelly Hannah , Robinson Zoe P. , George Sharon M. , Sands David
Published: July 2022

This chapter examines the application of new geography pedagogic practices in relation to remote teaching and learning. The authors report how the co-creation of knowledge between students and lecturers through existing research projects (with a particular focus on disciplinary-based educational research) can still occur through remote learning. Through a case study example of geography teaching practice, they contribute to the pedagogic literature on digital online learning as a form of co-creation between lecturer and students, showing how students were still able to demonstrate their geographical knowledge in a very applied and real-world context despite the move to remote learning. The application of co-creation in these applied contexts demonstrates that the applied perspectives of geographical knowledge can still be delivered through remote learning. They conclude by discussing how applied and critical geography teaching can be delivered and future-proofed in higher education settings, regardless of unforeseen circumstances.
A Didactical Approach of Rhumb Line vs. Great Circle in Web Mercator Projection for 6th Grade Pupils
Authors: Lambrinos Nikolaos , Repanidou Ioanna , Intzidou Georgia
Published: July 2022

The chapter presents two studies on the integration of map projections in Greek geography curriculum. Perceptions and misconceptions about world maps of 6th grade elementary school students were investigated and analyzed by qualitative and quantitative methods. Through inquiry-based methods, students learnt about the distortions in distance, shape, and size of areas that are caused by transformation of the spherical Earth into a flat surface. Didactic interventions were carried out where students attained knowledge about 1) world map projections and 2) the overseas flightpaths and the measurements of the distance between two points in the Mercator projection. Through guided research, comparisons, experimentation on digital world maps, and experiential actions, students found that 1) all world maps are wrong and 2) the shortest distance between two points in Mercator projection can be a curved line (great circle) and not a straight line (rhumb line).
The Spatial Experience for Teaching Geography in the Anthropocene
Authors: Joublot Ferré Sylvie
Published: July 2022

The contemporary period is disrupted by multiple and interdependent crises. The Anthropocene is the concept designating the fact that, for the first time, a geological epoch would be defined by human action. It would be a matter of rethinking the relationship to knowledge and the methods of its transmission, particularly relevant to geography and its teaching in schools, both at primary and secondary levels. What strategies should be developed for teaching geography in a way that is civic-minded, responsible, participatory, and forward-looking, but also embodied, sensitive, and humanistic? The question that now arises is: Why and how can scholars take into account juvenile spatiality when thinking about learning? What avenues could be favoured to bring the relational process and the environmental paradigm into the geography classroom? The idea is to revive a traditional geography practice of field investigation, while allowing participants to have spatial experiences.
Kindergarten Teacher Responses to a Contextualized Professional Development Workshop on STEAM Teaching
Authors: Bennett Amanda , Jamil Faiza
Published: July 2022

This study examined the supports and barriers encountered by kindergarten teachers when participating in a STEAM professional development (PD) workshop that took place in their own classrooms. This study draws on Practice-Based Professional Development framework and adult learning theories to guide the design of the workshop and analysis of results. A teacher focus group with five participants was conducted and analyzed through emergent coding. Teachers identified several supports and challenges when implementing strategies learned during the workshop, providing important insights on improving PD experiences in this innovative approach to education. This paper will present a reconceptualized approach to short-term PD interventions in STEAM that capitalizes on important best practices from recent coaching literature, yet maintains the low cost and time investments of traditional PD approaches. We describe participating kindergarten teachers’ responses to this PD intervention, as well as identify lessons learned to inform PD experiences in the future.
Design and Implementation of a Logistics Decision Support Platform Based on Global Manufacturing From the Perspective of the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Ma Fang
Published: July 2022

The belt and road initiative development strategy proposed by Secretary General Xi Jinping is currently being carried out. The world economy will work more closely together, and the logistics industry will advance to higher level of development. In this paper, to help realize improved world-wide logistics, a decision-making platform based on global manufacturing was built from a survey and an analysis of the overall competitiveness of the logistics industry in terms of demand for logistics services and logistics service capabilities. The platform was found to offer good performance and meet the application requirements.
Development of a Sustainable Collaborative Management Strategy for Green Supply Chains in E-Business
Authors: Wang Daoping , Ge Genhasi
Published: July 2022

The interaction between economic entities and environmental impacts in developing countries has been a source of concern. It uses a unique conceptual framework to create a system for collaboration between foreign and domestic e-businesses to improve the environment. A study is given by the Collaborative Management Strategy (CMS) ideas for innovation systems, industrialization of development, and product concept. It aims to collaborate between foreign and domestic e-businesses, government, consumers, and suppliers. As a result of its importance to economic stability and human well-being, achieving sustainable development goals (SDG) has become one of the most important goals in the global economy. The green supply chain management is digitized and automated with a deep learning algorithm. The business industry is a significant focus for SDG implementation. Considering this, the value of small and medium-sized e-businesses has been discussed from this perspective.
Deep Learning-Assisted Performance Evaluation System for Teaching SCM in the Higher Education System
Authors: Zhong Lianghuan , Qi Chao , Gao Yuhao
Published: July 2022

Teacher-training schools, community colleges, and technological institutes are examples of higher education. Teachers utilize various skills and techniques collectively referred to as Teaching Management to keep their students engaged, on task, and academically productive throughout the class. Higher education's greatest difficulty is resisting hard values and assumptions. Hence this paper Machine learning assisted teaching performance evaluation model for supply chain management (ML-TPEM) to help teachers grow personally and professionally, improve teaching and learning, and help schools improve and raise levels of achievement. Faculty employ a machine learning model to identify efficient classroom delivery strategies depending on the students' learning styles. A custom dataset is used to train the model on different styles. As a result, any educational system's effectiveness depends on an effective mechanism for managing deep learning to teach. The system's performance ratio is 90.3 %, its interactivity ratio is 95.1 %, its accessibility ratio is 96 %, its security ratio is 96.9 %.
Fungal Patterns Induce Cytokine Expression through Fluxes of Metabolic Intermediates That Support Glycolysis and Oxidative Phosphorylation
Authors: Mancebo Cristina , Fernández José Javier , Herrero-Sánchez Carmen , Alvarez Yolanda , Alonso Sara , Sandoval Tito A , Cubillos-Ruiz Juan R , Montero Olimpio , Fernández Nieves , Crespo Mariano Sánchez
Published: July 2022

Cytokine expression is fine-tuned by metabolic intermediates, which makes research on immunometabolism suitable to yield drugs with a wider prospect of application than the biological therapies that block proinflammatory cytokines. Switch from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis has been considered a characteristic feature of activated immune cells. However, some stimuli might enhance both routes concomitantly. The connection between the tricarboxylic acid cycle and cytokine expression was scrutinized in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells stimulated with the fungal surrogate zymosan. Results showed that nucleocytosolic citrate and ATP-citrate lyase activity drove IL1B, IL10, and IL23A expression by yielding acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate, with the latter one supporting glycolysis and OXPHOS by maintaining cytosolic NAD+ and mitochondrial NADH levels through mitochondrial shuttles. Succinate dehydrogenase showed a subunit-specific ability to modulate IL23A and IL10 expression. Succinate dehydrogenase A subunit activity supported cytokine expression through the control of the 2-oxoglutarate/succinate ratio, whereas C and D subunits underpinned cytokine expression by conveying electron flux from complex II to complex III of the electron transport chain. Fatty acids may also fuel the tricarboxylic acid cycle and influence cytokine expression. Overall, these results show that fungal patterns support cytokine expression through a strong boost of glycolysis and OXPHOS supported by the use of pyruvate, citrate, and succinate, along with the compartmentalized NAD(H) redox state maintained by mitochondrial shuttles.
Characterization of Proteasome-Generated Spliced Peptides Detected by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Kato Koji , Nakatsugawa Munehide , Tokita Serina , Hirohashi Yoshihiko , Kubo Terufumi , Tsukahara Tomohide , Murata Kenji , Chiba Hirofumi , Takahashi Hiroki , Hirano Naoto , Kanaseki Takayuki , Torigoe Toshihiko
Published: July 2022

CD8+ T cells recognize peptides displayed by HLA class I molecules and monitor intracellular peptide pools. It is known that the proteasome splices two short peptide fragments. Recent studies using mass spectrometry (MS) and bioinformatics analysis have suggested that proteasome-generated spliced peptides (PSPs) may account for a substantial proportion of HLA class I ligands. However, the authenticity of the PSPs identified using bioinformatics approaches remain ambiguous. In this study, we employed MS-based de novo sequencing to directly capture cryptic HLA ligands that were not templated in the genome. We identified two PSPs originating from the same protein in a human colorectal cancer line with microsatellite instability. Healthy donor-derived CD8+ T cells readily responded to the two PSPs, showing their natural HLA presentation and antigenicity. Experiments using minigene constructs demonstrated proteasome-dependent processing of two PSPs generated by standard and reverse cis splicing, respectively. Our results suggest a broader diversity of HLA class I Ag repertoires generated by proteasomal splicing, supporting the advantage of MS-based approaches for the comprehensive identification of PSPs.
Translational Control by 4E-BP1/2 Suppressor Proteins Regulates Mitochondrial Biosynthesis and Function during CD8+ T Cell Proliferation
Authors: Dimitriou Ioannis D , Meiri David , Jitkova Yulia , Elford Alisha R , Koritzinsky Marianne , Schimmer Aaron D , Ohashi Pamela S , Sonenberg Nahum , Rottapel Robert
Published: July 2022

CD8+ T cell proliferation and differentiation into effector and memory states are high-energy processes associated with changes in cellular metabolism. CD28-mediated costimulation of T cells activates the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway and induces eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E–dependent translation through the derepression by 4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2. In this study, we demonstrate that 4E-BP1/2 proteins are required for optimum proliferation of mouse CD8+ T cells and the development of an antiviral effector function. We show that translation of genes encoding mitochondrial biogenesis is impaired in T cells derived from 4E-BP1/2–deficient mice. Our findings demonstrate an unanticipated role for 4E-BPs in regulating a metabolic program that is required for cell growth and biosynthesis during the early stages of CD8+ T cell expansion.
The Porcine and Chicken Innate DNA Sensing cGAS-STING-IRF Signaling Axes Exhibit Differential Species Specificity
Authors: Jiang Sen , Luo Jia , Zhang Youwen , Cao Qi , Wang Yuening , Xia Nengwen , Zheng Wanglong , Chen Nanhua , Meurens François , Wu Huiguang , Zhu Jianzhong
Published: July 2022

The innate immune DNA sensing cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of IFN genes (STING) signaling pathway plays a key role in host antiviral function. Although the cGAS-STING pathway has been extensively studied, the cGAS-STING signaling in livestock and poultry is not well understood, and whether the species specificity exists is still unknown. In this study, we found that porcine and chicken STING, but not cGAS, exhibit species differences in regulation of IFN; that is, porcine (p)STING mediates good induction of IFN in mammalian cells and low IFN induction in chicken DF-1 cells; on the contrary, chicken (ch)STING mediates IFN induction only in chicken cells but not in mammalian cells. Furthermore, it was found that the motifs pLxIS of pSTING and pLxVS of chSTING are responsible for the species disparity, with the IFN activity of pSTING and chSTING exchanged by swapping the two pLxI/VS motifs. The pLxI/VS motifs mediated the interactions of various STING with downstream IFN regulatory factors (IRFs), reflecting the species-specific pIRF3 and chIRF7. Next, the STING, IRFs, and STING-IRFs were reconstituted in porcine and chicken macrophages that were genetically knocked out for STING and/or IRFs by the CRISPR-Cas9 approach. The results showed that pSTING plus pIRF3 or chIRF7 are able to induce IFN; however, chSTING plus chIRF7 but not pIRF3 are able to induce IFN, suggesting that pIRF3 is specific and stringent, which underlies the inability of chSTING to induce IFN in mammalian cells. In summary, our findings reveal the differential species specificity in the cGAS-STING pathway and the underlying mechanisms, thus providing valuable insights on the cGAS-STING-IRF signaling axis for comparative immunology.
γδ T, NKT, and MAIT Cells During Evolution: Redundancy or Specialized Functions?
Authors: Harly Christelle , Robert Jacques , Legoux Francois , Lantz Olivier
Published: July 2022

Innate-like T cells display characteristics of both innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and mainstream αβ T cells, leading to overlapping functions of innate-like T cells with both subsets. In this review, we show that although innate-like T cells are probably present in all vertebrates, their main characteristics are much better known in amphibians and mammals. Innate-like T cells encompass both γδ and αβ T cells. In mammals, γδ TCRs likely coevolved with molecules of the butyrophilin family they interact with, whereas the semi-invariant TCRs of iNKT and mucosal-associated invariant T cells are evolutionarily locked with their restricting MH1b molecules, CD1d and MR1, respectively. The strong conservation of the Ag recognition systems of innate-like T cell subsets despite similar effector potentialities supports that each one fulfills nonredundant roles related to their Ag specificity.