bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative kinetic study of redox mediators for high-power lithium–oxygen batteries
Authors: Ko Youngmin , Park Hyeokjun , Lee Byungju , Bae Youngjoon , Park Sung Kwan , Kang Kisuk
Published: February 2019

For the realization of high-power lithium–oxygen batteries, a comparative study was conducted to investigate the kinetic properties of redox mediators.
Effects of a revised 7Be e−-capture rate on solar neutrino fluxes
Authors: Vescovi D. , Piersanti L. , Cristallo S. , Busso M. , Vissani F. , Palmerini S. , Simonucci S. , Taioli S.
Published: February 2019

Context. Electron-capture on 7Be is the main production channel for 7Li in several astrophysical environments. Theoretical evaluations have to account for not only the nuclear interaction, but also the processes in the plasma in which 7Be ions and electrons interact. In recent decades several estimates were presented, pointing out that the theoretical uncertainty in the rate is in general of a few percent.

Aims. In the framework of fundamental solar physics, we consider a recent evaluation for the 7Be+e− rate, which has not been used up to now, in the estimate of neutrino fluxes.

Methods. We analyzed the effects of the new assumptions on standard solar models (SSMs) and compared the results obtained by adopting the revised 7Be+e− rate to those obtained by that reported in a widely used compilation of reaction rates (ADE11).

Results. We found that new SSMs yield a maximum difference in the efficiency of the 7Be channel of about −4% with respect to what is obtained with the previously adopted rate. This fact affects the production of neutrinos from 8B, increasing the relative flux up to a maximum of 2.7%. Negligible variations are found for the physical and chemical properties of the computed solar models.

Conclusions. The agreement with the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory measurements of the neutral current component of the 8B neutrino flux is improved.
Effect of Components Thickness on Heat and Mass Transfer Phenomena in Single Cell of PEFC Operated at High Temperature
Authors: Nishimura Akira , Kamiya Satoru , Okado Tatsuya , Sato Yusuke , Hirota Masafumi
Published: February 2019

Since the heat transfer characteristics in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) influences its power generation performance, this study clarifies the temperature characteristics to in-plane direction in single PEFC. In addition, since we expect the heat and mass transfer as well as power generation characteristic are enhanced by decreasing PEM and GDL’s thicknesses, it is effective to investigate the impact of components thickness on them under high temperature operation. This study aims to clarify how to influence PEM and GDL’s thicknesses on not only heat and mass transfer characteristics but also power generation characteristic under high temperature, e.g., 90 °. The present study measured temperature distributions to in-plane direction on cathode separator back of cell by thermograph with power generation changing initial operation temperature as well as relative humidity of inflow gases. As a result, the increase in generated power and the even temperature distribution were obtained due to the decrease in GDL’s thickness. Since the moisture transfer was promoted with decreasing the thickness of PEM, the power generation performance was improved. It was clarified that the impact of GDL’s thickness was larger than that of PEM’s thickness.
A Type of Hysteretic Nonlinear Model of Piezoelectric Sensor
Authors: Zhang Qing-Xin , Zhu Zhi-Wen , Li Xin-Miao
Published: February 2019

In this paper, a type of hysteretic constitutive model of piezoelectric sensor was proposed. Nonlinear differential terms were developed to express the hysteresis phenomena of displacement-voltage relationship of piezoelectric ceramics. Based on the model, the dynamic model of a PZT sensor was established. The nonlinear dynamic behaviours of a PZT sensor were analyzed, and the relationship between the outside excitation and the voltage of a PZT sensor was obtained. Theoretical results show that there are many kinds of frequencies in the output voltage, which are caused by the PZT’s hysteresis characteristics.
Comparative analysis of common full scale reactors for dry anaerobic digestion process
Authors: Elsharkawy Khaled , Elsamadony Mohamed , Afify Hafez
Published: February 2019

Organic solid wastes are produced with large amount wherever there are human activities. However, improper treated organic wastes made them as sources of diseases. On the other hand, these fractions contain nutrients and energy, so they have also valuable resources. As a result, exploring their potential as an energy source can be accomplish via anaerobic digestion process, in which, organics converted into hydrogen, methane and/or ethanol. Therefore, this manuscript introduces an overview of the common applied types of reactor that can handle these types of wastes in their solid state and recover them in term of biogas, as well as, stabilize the produced digestate to bio-fertilizers by compositing approach. A comparison also listed to demonstrate the optimum operational conditions and expected amount of biogas from each type.
Analysis of day-ahead generation diagram in power network consisting of renewable energy sources
Authors: Čonka Zsolt , Medveď Dušan , Ivančák Michal , Kolcun Michal
Published: February 2019

This article deals with the analysis of a day-ahead generation diagram in specific part of a power network with renewable energy sources. As a renewable energy source a photovoltaic power plant was chosen. Input data for a day-ahead analysis was obtained from the database of previous measurement that was realised on the existing configuration in off-grid network at the department of authors. The simulation network was created in Matlab/Simscape Power System environment that consisted of rotating generators (for regulation of generated power due to fluctuated power generation from photovoltaic sources) and photovoltaic power plant of variable energy generation and loads. The results refer to a necessity to consider the previous measured data of the weather for prediction of future expectation of a day-ahead load diagram.
Non-Negative K-SVD as an element of the forecasting electricity demand system
Authors: Drechny Marcin
Published: February 2019

The article describes the NN-K-SVD method based on the use of sparse coding and the singular value decomposition to specific values. An example of using the method is the compression of load profiles. The experiment of compression of 125022 power load profiles has been carried out with the use of registered profiles in households and small offices. Two matrices: patterns (atoms) and scaling factors are the result of the discussed algorithm. Features of the created matrices, which can be used in the creation of fast power demand forecasting systems, have been characterized.
Development of electric power network infrastructure in aspect of electric energy supply security – case study Poland
Authors: Dolega Waldemar
Published: February 2019

In this paper, an analysis of issues related to development of national electric power network infrastructure in aspect of electric energy security is performed. Profile of network infrastructure in area of transmission and distribution is performed. Threats for electric energy supply security connected with transmission and distribution infrastructure are discussed. Both transmission and distribution electric power network are adapted for presently occurred typical conditions of electric energy demand and realization of internal tasks in normal conditions, but can create potential threat for electric energy supply security. In the context of forecasted increase of electric energy demand, inadequate power in National Electric Power System (NEPS) in domestic sources and available through intersystem connections, uneven location of sources and consumers at shortage of proper network transmission capacities, necessity of improvement of quality and electric energy supply reliability to final consumers and intensive development of renewable energy sources, present network infrastructure in area of transmission and distribution will be insufficient. Development of 400 and 220 kV transmission network, 110 kV distribution network especially in area of cities, MV distribution network especially in rural areas and realization of investments for improvement of export-import possibilities of NEPS will be necessary. Challenges for transmission and distribution system operators in area of network development are performed. They concern mainly investment sphere and area connected with preparation and construction of network investments.
Profitability of investment in power distribution industry
Authors: Gawlak Anna
Published: February 2019

Striving towards improving efficiency in the power sector puts an obligation on distribution companies to seek ways of reducing electricity loss. The highest energy loss in the distribution network is attested in electricity meters, in LV and MV lines and in MV/LV transformers. The paper analyses effectiveness of investment aimed to reduce energy loss in a distribution company. The analysis is carried out with the use of SPBP, IRR and NPV.
The synchronous generator based on a hybrid excitation with the extended range of voltage adjustment
Authors: Popenda Andrzej , Chwalba Sławomir
Published: February 2019

In the paper a synchronous generator based on a hybrid excitation, including permanent magnets and field coil, is studied. The structures of rotor magnetic circuit allowing one to expand the range of generator voltage adjustment are explained and compared with the standard hybrid rotor. The structures are described mathematically and their equivalent circuits are given. The results of theoretical analysis and experimental test are presented.
Effect of Leeway and Drift Angle of Ship Navigation and Determination Method
Authors: Xiong Haisheng , Wang Xiaolin
Published: February 2019

The wind and the current is an important factor affecting the safety of navigation of ships at sea. This article focuses on the influence of wind and flow of ships sailing and Predicted drift angle of dead reckoning tracer method, which plays an active role in ensuring the safety of navigation, and plays a guiding role in the determination of the leeway and drift angle for the staff on board and in solving the problems of students in navigation schools.
Design of Growth Baby Stroller Based on Computer Aided Innovation Technology
Authors: Cao Chengming
Published: February 2019

Purpose: In view of the shortcomings of safety, space and service life of baby stroller in the current market, a growth type baby stroller is designed to meet the continuous needs of family children at different ages. Method: Computer aided innovation technology is used to design the growth baby strollers and improve the design goal, using TRIZ theory to find technical conflicts, that is, the similarity of product structure and the growth of infant age, single product function and children's emotional richness and using computer-aided innovation technology to solve conflicts. Conclusion: In the design of growth baby stroller, computer aided innovation technology helps designers to find the improvement priority direction of stroller design, put forward the feasible design scheme, and meet the requirements of extending the service life of products with the growth of infant age.
Research on Digital Watermarking Algorithm for Anti-geometric Attack
Authors: Lin Lixuan
Published: February 2019

For the problem that the traditional digital watermarking algorithm is less robustness against geometric attacks, this paper introduces the related content of digital watermarking technology, which combs digital watermarking technology, digital watermarking attack technology and digital watermarking evaluation method, and summarizes the improved algorithms proposed in recent years. Next, the traditional wavelet transform algorithm and the improved algorithm based on DCT transform are selected for comparison experiments. The latter combines Arnold scrambling and SVD decomposition, which has better shear resistance. Finally, combined with the research status, the future research focus of digital watermarking algorithm is prospected.
Simulation Study of Citronellol-geraniol Rectification Tower Based on Aspen Plus Software
Authors: Chen Qiu , Feng Lisha
Published: February 2019

Aspen Plus is a large-scale chemical simulation software based on steady-state chemical simulation, optimization, sensitivity analysis and economic evaluation. It can analyze the planning, research, development and technical reliability of chemical processes. High-purity citronellol and geraniol, the main high-value components of citronella oil, make the rectification and purification process difficult due to their boiling point and heat sensitivity, with high separation cost and poor effect, resulting in low economic benefits. This paper uses Aspen Plus software to estimate the physical properties of citronellol and geraniol system through known structural formula and room temperature boiling point; uses citronellol-geraniol vapor-liquid equilibrium experimental data to select physical properties analytical methods of Aspen Plus software; conducts process design and simulation of the high vacuum separation of citronellol and geraniol by using DSTWU simple simulation tower and RadFrac strict simulation tower respectively, gets the process parameters of citronellol and geraniol distillation tower, checks the separation process, and optimizes the separation conditions, which provide support for using industrial production in the high-purity separation of citronella oil system.
3D Reconstruction of Images Based on Embedded Processors
Authors: Wang Jundi , Li Chixin , Zhu Yaling , Wang Juan
Published: February 2019

3D image reconstruction has very important value in reality. In this paper, based on embedded system, we use Marching Cubes algorithm to realize 3D image reconstruction and furthermore, display the result in web page. By introducing principle and whole process of reconstruction, we can prove that comparing with personal computer, this method has advantage of lower price, small volume, and has good prospect in future.
Determination of the Correction Factor for Dinalmefene Hydrochloride in Nalmefene Hydrochloride Injection
Authors: Zhao Tianyi , Liu Ziqing , Guo Furao , He Peiyu , Zhang Hongyu , Zhou Changlong , Duan Minghua
Published: February 2019

Objective: To calculate the detection correction factor for the impurity, that is, the dinalmefene hydrochloride in nalmefene hydrochloride injection. Methods: High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is used to analyze the impurities of nalmefene hydrochloride easily produced during storage, and the impurity is determined and correction factor is calculated for the known the dinalmefene hydrochloride. According to the standard curve method, the sample concentration is selected between the detection limit and the limit of quantification, and the standard curve is prepared. The correction factor is then calculated according to the slope of the standard curve. Results: finally, the correction factor for dinalmefene hydrochloride is 0.22. Conclusions: the correction factor calculated by the standard curve method is accurate and reliable, and can be used for impurity detection of nalmefene hydrochloride injection.
An Improved Bovine Iris Segmentation Method
Authors: Luo Zhongliang , Dai Jingguo , Jia Yingbiao , He Jiazhong
Published: February 2019

In order to improve the performance of bovine iris image segmentation, an improved iris image segmentation algorithm is proposed according to the characteristics of bovine iris image. Firstly, based on mathematical morphology and noise suppression template, the inner and outer edges of bovine iris are detected by dynamic contour tracking and least squares fitting ellipse respectively. Then, the annular iris region is normalized. Finally, the normalized iris image is enhanced with adaptive image enhancement method. The experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively segment iris region, it has good performance of speed and accuracy for iris segmentation, and can eliminate the effects of uneven illumination, iris shrinkage and rotation, it promotes iris feature extraction and matching, which has certain reference significance for iris recognition research and meat food safety management of large livestock.
Exploration on the Teaching Mode of Ideological and Political Course in MOOC Environment
Authors: Ding Minhan , Liu Shixin
Published: February 2019

The emergence of MOOC has increased the way for college students to receive curriculum education. Many colleges and universities have established online ideological and political courses (or interdisciplinary politics, ethics, psychology, etc.) on the MOOC platform. Based on the advantages of MOOC and its influence on the teaching mode of ideological and political courses, this paper reasonably applies the existing MOOC resources and combines the actual needs of ideological and political courses to construct the ideological and political course teaching mode under the MOOC environment.
Parental Autonomy Support and Social Competence in Chinese Emerging Adults: the Mediation Role of Social Desirablity
Authors: Ma Chunhua , Wang Youpeng
Published: February 2019

Aims: The current study aimed to examine the relationship between parental autonomy support and social competence among Chinese emerging adults, and explore whether social desirablity plays a mediating role between parental support and social competence. Methods: This study used cross-sectional and correlational design. Participants were 386 Chinese college students (72.8% girls) aged between 18 and 25 years. Data was collected via self-report questionnaires, including parental autonomy support (Genevie`ve A. Mageau, 2015), social desirablity (Karl Schuessler et al., 1978) and social competence(Valkenburg & Peter, 2008). Results: Structural equation modeling analysis controlling for age, gender and SES showed that (a) There was a significant positive correlation between parental autonomy support, social desirablity, and social competence; (b) Parental autonomy support was positively predicted to social desirablity and social competence; Social desirablity was positively predicted to social competence; (c) Social desirablity mediated the relationship between parental autonomy support and social competence.
Key Trends and Significant Challenges of Reform and Development of K-12 Education in the New Technological Environment
Authors: Zhang Hongjun , Wu Zhigang
Published: February 2019

The New Media Consortium (NMC), focusing on tracking the application and development trend of information technology in education and teaching worldwide, released its latest Horizon Report on K-12 education in February 2017. It elaborates on six key trends, six significant challenges and six important technological development in the next five years on a world-wide scale. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the strategic planning and analysis ability, the quality of teachers' education and digital literacy, and accelerate the application and practice of new technologies such as robotics and makerspaces in K-12 education in order to ensure the healthy and orderly development of China's K-12 education reform.
A Study on the Synergistic Change of Non-ferrous Metal Futures and Stock Prices in China—Based on the Complex System Synergy Degree
Authors: Kong Qingxin , Gou Shangde
Published: February 2019

Based on the synergetics perspective, this paper constructs a composite system of non-ferrous metal futures and stock prices, using MATLAB to analyze the data of 3405 trading days from 2004 to 2018 in China. The empirical results show that non-ferrous metal stock prices are generally more orderly than futures prices in the selected period; the price discovery function of aluminum futures is worse than that of copper and zinc; and the 2008 financial crisis has an indelible negative impact on the coordination of China's non-ferrous metals futures market. Finally, this paper discusses whether there are representative metals in the non-ferrous metal market, and makes a brief summary.
Research on the Impact of Financing Liquidity on Risk-taking of Commercial Banks
Authors: Bu Yumeng
Published: February 2019

Insufficient liquidity and maturity mismatches lead to bank risks and financial crises. After Basel III included the net stable funding ratio into regulatory indicators, the relationship between the liquidity indicators represented by the net stable capital ratio and the bank's risk exposure triggered discussions among domestic and foreign scholars. This paper uses the data of China's commercial banks, mainly discussing the mutual influence of internal financing liquidity and external financing liquidity on the risk exposure of banks, and then putting forward some suggestions on how to reduce bank risks through financing liquidity.
A Study on the Validity of Commodity Evaluation of E-commerce Platform Based on Dynamic Transaction Events
Authors: Yan Bingwen , Wu Chunqiong , Yu Rongrui
Published: February 2019

Commodity evaluation on e-commerce platforms affects the sale of goods and the behavior of buyers. Although the observation point of static event theory is stable, it emphasizes one-sided data too much. It ignores the interconnections in the development of events and makes it difficult to effectively analyze the validity of commodity evaluation behaviors. Under the concept of dynamic transaction events based on dynamic development, the validity of commodity evaluation is calculated from time, space and intensity factors. This can consider the influence of individual evaluator and overall evaluator to evaluate the validity of commodity evaluation systematically and objectively.
Research and Suggestions on the Present Situation of Shared Bicycle Parking Spot on University Campus
Authors: Zhu Lijuan , Xu Hong , Long Yan , Luo Junying , Chen Yujie , Yang Xia
Published: February 2019

As an important means of short-distance travel for college students, sharing bicycle parking and planning is particularly noteworthy. This requires not only considering the layout of buildings and environment on campus, but also systematically improving and designing with the combination of behavior characteristics and human factors. Based on the research and analysis of the current situation of sharing bicycles among college students, this paper puts forward some suggestions for improving the design of parking spaces in College campuses.
Index System Research on Environmental Impact Assessment of Ecological Project in Xishui River
Authors: Yuan Xuying , Li Chuyun , Chen Qin , Peng Hongjie , Guo Ying , Wu Yijin
Published: February 2019

The problems were analyzed about the environmental impact in the construction projects of water conservancy in China. Some relevant data and relevant guidelines were combined with the actual work which were referred to several environmental impact assessment reports. An index system was proposed about environmental impact assessment of ecological improvement project in Xishui River.
Fluidity in an orthodontic practice. Why, for who, how?
Authors: Race P.
Published: February 2019

The search for fluidity in an orthodontic practice must be an imperative axis of reflection. Fluidity is a quality that must be targeted because it is synonymous with efficiency and comfort and, consequently, profitability.

This profitability is not exclusively financial. It is also at the level of the human. It allows each member of the team to bring the best of himself in his function. And when a team is successful, patients feel it. A satisfied patient is the best advertisement a practice can have. Why deprive yourself?
Unwanted tooth movement produced
by the bonded retention wire : the “wire syndrome,” observations, theories, clinical consequences : second part
Authors: Roussarie F. , Douady G.
Published: February 2019

Sometimes teeth can move even if they seem to have been perfectly stabilised by a retention wire. We call this phenomenon the “wire syndrome”.

It has been well described both in the mandibular and maxillary arches in part one of this article.

For the moment, there has been no mechanical explanation for this phenomenon in the scientific literature.

After an analysis of photographic documents from fellow specialists and an examination of cases from our own office, we have developed a theory to explain the mechanical element involved.

We will divide our analysis into two hypotheses. They could be inter-connected.

The first so-called “intrinsic” hypothesis groups together procedural erreurs which all lead to the use of an active bonded wire. In such cases, the wire is directly responsible for the movements. Its action is the same as that of an orthodontic device directly bonded on the teeth.

The second “extrinsic” hypothesis shows that a tooth with a well bonded wire can rotate if the link between the wire and the composite is broken and if force is present.

The clinical evidence we have gathered could allow us to combat this phenomenon efficiently.
Mixed-Methods-Design zur Analyse von Gefährdungssituationen mittels Kommunikationsprofilen – Part I: „Simulation und Reduktion von Zwangsmaßnahmen in der Psychiatrie“ (SRZP)
Authors: Debus Stephan
Published: February 2019

Kommunikationsanalysen von psychiatrischen Gefährdungssituationen in einem Mixed-Methods-Design (Inhaltsanalyse, statistische Auswertung) werden vorgestellt. Die Datenbasis besteht aus Videos von psychodramatisch re-inszenierten Konfliktsituationen. Verschiedene Alltagsszenen (z. B. Schule/Psychiatrie) können durch Äußerungsakte der Akteure (Lehrer [L] bzw. Therapeuten [T], Patienten [P] mit NL = 771, NT = 849, NP = 718) charakterisiert und verglichen werden. Die Verfahren bereichern die psychiatrische Prozess- und Konfliktforschung.
Zur Kommunikationsdynamik von Gefährdungssituationen – PART III: „Simulation und Reduktion von Zwangsmaßnahmen in der Psychiatrie“ (SRZP)
Authors: Debus Stephan , Radovic Marco
Published: February 2019

Wie kommunizieren Krankenpflegende im Zeitverlauf gefährdender Situationen? Auf der Datenbasis von Filmanalysen (vgl. Teil I und II) wird die Dynamik von Kommunikationsabläufen mithilfe von Short-Term-Sequenzanalysen, Baumdiagrammen und Long-Term-Zeitreihenanalysen darstellbar. Die Ergebnisse geben Einblick sowohl in typische Kommunikationsdynamiken von Direktiven (Aufforderungen) und Assertiven (Mitteilungen) als Schleifen negativer Reziprozität als auch in typische paradoxe Zeitverläufe, in denen die Handlungserfolge negativ mit den Ernsthaftigkeitsbemühungen der Krankenpflegenden korrelieren.
Semiotik und Soziale Psychiatrie: Kooperation, Nutzen und Ausblick – PART VI: „Simulation und Reduktion von Zwangsmaßnahmen in der Psychiatrie“ (SRZP)
Authors: Debus Stephan , Posner Roland
Published: February 2019

Der Beitrag zeigt, wie die Themen der Sozialen Psychiatrie im Rahmen einer semiotischen Kulturtheorie etwa durch Begriffe wie „Institution“, „Code“, „Sinn“, „Kommunikation“ oder „ästhetische Erfahrung“ diskutiert werden können. In diesem Sinne hatte die Soziale Psychiatrie zwar immer schon Bezug zur Kulturtheorie, insbesondere zu einer phänomenologisch-hermeneutisch begründeten Theorie des „Sinns“. Mit der Theorie der Semiosen (Zeichenprozesse) wird gezeigt, wie der kommunikative Sinn von Sprechakten formal repräsentiert werden kann: zum Nutzen einer arbeitsteiligen Kooperation.
Ein Kommunikationsmodell zur Durchsetzungsmacht in psychiatrischen Gefährdungssituationen – PART V: „Simulation und Reduktion von Zwangsmaßnahmen in der Psychiatrie“ (SRZP)
Authors: Debus Stephan
Published: February 2019

Die Ergebnisse aus Part II – IV werden unter der soziologisch-machttheoretischen Perspektive von Heinrich Popitz analysiert. Dabei entsteht ein auf Durchsetzungsmacht, Aktionsmacht und instrumenteller Macht basierendes Kommunikationsmodell, das mithilfe der eingeführten sprechakttheoretischen Methoden (PART I) empirisch revidiert, erweitert und kritisiert werden kann. Zum Abschluss werden alle (aus PART II – V) entwickelten Strukturspezifika von psychiatrischen Gefährdungssituationen mit Alarmauslösung zusammengefasst.
„Wenn es uns nicht so schwer gemacht werden würde“ – Zugangsbarrieren und Optimierungspotenziale zur Kinder- und Jugendrehabilitation aus Perspektive der Kinder- und Jugendärzte
Authors: Schumann Nadine , Hoffmann Laura , Schröder Sara Lena , Richter Matthias
Published: February 2019

Ziel Die Studie exploriert Zugangsbarrieren sowie Optimierungspotenziale zur Kinder- und Jugendrehabilitation aus Sicht ambulant tätiger Kinder- und Jugendärzte.

Methodik Leitfadengestützte Einzelinterviews (N=25) und Fokusgruppendiskussionen (N=3) mit Kinder- und Jugendärzten wurden nach der Methodik von Meuser und Nagel ausgewertet und anschließend in einer Expertenrunde mit dem mitteldeutschen Rentenversicherungsträger und dem kinderärztlichen Berufsverband diskutiert.

Ergebnisse Barrieren zeigen sich aufgrund von Informationsdefiziten bzgl. trägerorientierter Zugangskriterien. Eine wahrgenommene zeitintensive Antragsstellung, hohe Ablehnungsquoten mit intransparenten Begründungen sowie eine fehlende Rückkopplung des Trägers an den Arzt hemmen die Antragsmotivation. Optimierungspotenziale münden in dem Wunsch einer direkten Rückkopplung der Antragsentscheidung an den Arzt, fallspezifischen Ablehnungsbegründungen, adressatenorientierten Informationsangeboten sowie einer erhöhten Reha-Präsenz auf pädiatrischen Kongressen und Weiterbildungen.

Schlussfolgerung Zur Stärkung der Rehabilitation im pädiatrischen Versorgungskontext sind Informationen und Kompetenzen in der Zuweisung und Antragsstellung bei ambulant tätigen Kinder- und Jugendärzten zu fördern sowie Kommunikationsbarrieren zwischen Leistungsträgern und -erbringern abzubauen.
…und jetzt auch noch reiten? Fallbericht zur Behandlung eines Kleinkindes im Syndrom reaktionsloser Wachheit
Authors: Steppacher Inga , Kissler Johanna
Published: February 2019

Hintergrund Die Zahl der Menschen, die schwerstbehindert Unfälle oder Geburtskomplikationen überleben, steigt aufgrund verbesserter medizinischer Möglichkeiten stetig, nicht jedoch das wissenschaftlich gesicherte Wissen um geeignete Therapiemaßnahmen. Verschiedene Veröffentlichungen beschreiben die Reittherapie bereits als effiziente zusätzliche Therapiemethode, ob sie jedoch bei schwerster Behinderung mit Beatmungspflicht eingesetzt werden kann, ist bis jetzt noch ungeklärt.

Methode In dieser Einzelfallstudie wurde ein schwerstbehindertes Kleinkind mit dem Syndrom reaktionsloser Wachheit exemplarisch untersucht. Wir untersuchten den Effekt des Reitens auf Muskelspannung, Gelenkbeweglichkeit und Herzfrequenz.

Ergebnisse Die erwarteten Effekte des Reitens auf Muskeltonus, Gelenkbeweglichkeit und Herzfrequenz zeigten sich deutlich. Es ergaben sich signifikante Verbesserungen im Zustand des Kindes im Hinblick auf alle untersuchten Aspekte. Zusätzlich ergab sich ein eher unvermuteter Effekt auf die Notwendigkeit der Sauerstoffgabe und die Eigenatmung des Kindes. Während des Reitens atmete das Kind selbständig, die zusätzliche Gabe von Sauerstoff war nicht notwendig.

Schlussfolgerung Die Reittherapie zeigte auch bei unserer schwerst und mehrfach geschädigten Patientin positive Effekte und erwies sich hier als sinnvoller zusätzlicher Therapieansatz.
First Sustainable Aziridination of Olefins Using Recyclable Copper-Immobilized Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Toumieux Sylvestre , Khodadadi Mohamad , Pourceau Gwladys , Becuwe Matthieu , Wadouachi Anne
Published: February 2019

The first copper-catalyzed aziridination of olefins using re­cyclable magnetic nanoparticles is described. Magnetic nanoparticles were modified with dopamine and used as a support to coordinate copper. The methodology was optimized with styrene as olefin and using [N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)imino]phenyliodinane (PhI=NTs) as nitrene source. A microwave irradiation decreased the reaction time by 4-fold compared to conventional heating method. The catalyst was recovered by simple magnetic extraction and could be reused successfully up to five times without significant loss of activity. The methodology was ­applied to a range of different olefins leading to moderate to excellent yields in the formation of the expected aziridine.
Functional (Psychogenic) Neurological Disorders: Assessment and Acute Management in the Emergency Department
Authors: Nakhate Vihang , Stephen Christopher , Perez David , Anderson Jordan
Published: February 2019

Functional neurological disorders (FND) are complex and prevalent neuropsychiatric conditions. Importantly, some patients with FND develop acute onset symptoms requiring emergency department (ED) evaluations. Historically, FND was a “rule-out” diagnosis, making assessment and management in the ED difficult. While the rapid triage of potential neurological emergencies remains the initial task, advancements have altered the approach to FND. FND is now a “rule-in” diagnosis based on validated neurological examination signs and semiological features. In this perspective article, we review signs and semiological features that can help guide the initial assessment of FND in the acute setting. Thereafter, we outline potential approaches to introduce a suspected diagnosis of FND to patients in the ED, while emphasizing the need for a comprehensive neurological evaluation. Physical and occupational therapy may be useful adjunct assessments in some individuals. Notably, clinicians in the ED setting are important members of the interdisciplinary approach to FND.
Emergency Evaluation and Management of Encephalitis and Myelitis in Adults
Authors: Venkatesan Arun , Bradshaw Michael
Published: February 2019

Infection of the central nervous system is often a life-threatening emergency. In many cases, the clinician faces an unknown pathogen and must rely upon clinical acumen and a thorough, systematic diagnostic investigation to establish a diagnosis and initiate appropriate treatment. Because patients typically present with a syndrome, such as temporal lobe encephalitis, rather than a known pathogen (e.g., herpes simplex virus 1 encephalitis), we describe diagnostic considerations in the context of their neuroanatomic tropisms and patterns of disease. This paradigm reflects the challenges clinicians face; however, tropisms are not absolute, patterns of disease are not specific, and this approach does not obviate the need for empirical treatment while a systematic diagnostic investigation is underway. Specific treatment is available for many infectious agents, including bacterial, fungal, and parasitic pathogens, as well as the herpesviruses. In cases with no specific treatment, clinicians must strive to establish the diagnosis (and thereby spare unneeded treatment), anticipate and recognize complications and pitfalls, and initiate appropriate supportive care, all of which are best achieved with a well-prepared multidisciplinary team.
Acute Dizziness
Authors: Edlow Jonathan , Gurley Kiersten
Published: February 2019

Dizziness is a common chief complaint with an extensive differential diagnosis that includes both benign and serious conditions. Physicians must distinguish the majority of patients who suffer from self-limiting conditions from those with serious illnesses that require acute treatment. The preferred approach to the diagnosis of an acutely dizzy patient emphasizes different aspects of the history to guide a focused physical examination, with the goal of differentiating benign peripheral vestibular conditions from dangerous posterior circulation strokes. Currently, misdiagnoses are frequent and diagnostic testing costs are high. This partly relates to use of an outdated diagnostic paradigm. This commonly used traditional approach relies on dizziness “symptom quality” or “type” (vertigo, presyncope, disequilibrium) to guide inquiry. It does not distinguish benign from dangerous causes and is inconsistent with current best evidence. A better approach categorizes patients into three groups based on timing and triggers. Each category has its own differential diagnosis and targeted bedside approach: (1) acute vestibular syndrome, where bedside physical examination differentiates vestibular neuritis from stroke; (2) spontaneous episodic vestibular syndrome, where associated symptoms help differentiate vestibular migraine from transient ischemic attack; and (3) triggered episodic vestibular syndrome, where the Dix-Hallpike and supine roll test help differentiate benign paroxysmal positional vertigo from posterior fossa structural lesions. The “timing and triggers” diagnostic approach for the acutely dizzy derives from current best evidence and offers the potential to reduce misdiagnosis while simultaneously decreasing diagnostic test overuse, unnecessary hospitalization, and incorrect treatments.
Acute Stroke
Authors: Poli Loris , Costa Paolo , Morotti Andrea
Published: February 2019

Stroke remains one of the leading determinants of death and severe disability worldwide. It is a medical emergency with a narrow window for recognition and administration of outcome-modifying treatment in the emergency department. Ischemic stroke accounts for the majority of cerebrovascular events and revascularization therapies such as intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy are the mainstays of treatment in carefully selected patients. Intracerebral hemorrhage is less common but remains the deadliest type of stroke. Blood pressure reduction and hemostatic treatment in case of coagulopathy are the cornerstones of acute intracerebral hemorrhage treatment. Admission to dedicated stroke units is associated with improved outcome in patients suffering from acute stroke.
Emergency Management of Epilepsy and Seizures
Authors: Bazil Carl , Bank Anna
Published: February 2019

Seizure- and epilepsy-related complications are a common cause of emergency medical evaluation, accounting for 5% of 911 calls and 1% of emergency department visits. Emergency physicians and neurologists must be able to recognize and treat seizure- and epilepsy-related emergencies. This review describes the emergency evaluation and management of new onset seizures, breakthrough seizures in patients with known epilepsy, status epilepticus, acute symptomatic seizures, and acute adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs.
Altered Mental Status in the Emergency Department
Authors: Smith Austin , Han Jin
Published: February 2019

Altered mental status is an umbrella term that covers a broad spectrum of disease processes that vary greatly in chronicity and severity. Causes can be a primary neurologic insult or a result of a systemic illness resulting in end-organ dysfunction of the brain. Acute changes in mental status are more likely than chronic changes to be immediately life-threatening and are therefore the focus of this review. Given the potential time-sensitive nature, acute changes in mental status must be addressed immediately and with urgency. We recommend a primary survey followed by a secondary survey with special attention to immediate life-threatening reversible causes. We then recommend a systems-based approach searching for any other life-threatening or reversible causes. Because the differential for altered mental status is broad, a comprehensive emergency department evaluation including a detailed history and physical exam as well as laboratory and radiographic testing is needed.
Prevalence of Obesity in Young Patients with Severe Haemophilia and Its Potential Impact on Factor VIII Consumption in Germany
Authors: Olivieri Martin , Königs Christoph , Heller Christine , Horneff Silvia , Oldenburg Johannes , Halimeh Susan , Kentouche Karim , Knöfler Ralf , Fischer Lars , Pfrepper Christian , Kurnik Karin , Bidlingmaier Christoph
Published: February 2019

Similar to the general population, overweight and obesity have increasingly become a medical and economic burden also in patients with haemophilia in industrialized nations. In this study in seven German haemophilia centres, we identified a prevalence of overweight and obesity of 25.2% among 254 young patients <30 years (median: 13 years; range: 0–30 years) with severe haemophilia A and without a history of inhibitors. The median FVIII dosage based on bodyweight was significantly higher in normal weight compared with overweight or obese patients (96.9 vs. 72.9 IU/kg/week, respectively; p < 0.0001). This suggests that an individualized dosing regime which might be based on FVIII pharmacokinetics, physical activity and pre-existing haemophilic arthropathy is applied rather than dosing by bodyweight only. The bleeding rates observed in obese (median: 1; range: 0–17) versus normal weight patients (median: 2; range: 0–28) did not differ significantly (p = 0.057). Lower bleeding rates might be due to reduced activity or expected higher FVIII plasma levels in overweight patients. Due to the increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity in patients with haemophilia an interdisciplinary approach for individualized haemophilia treatment and weight loss programmes might be helpful for optimal and economical treatment for this group of patients.
Platelet Apoptosis and PAI-1 are Involved in the Pro-Coagulant State of Immune Thrombocytopaenia Patients Treated with Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists
Authors: Justo Sanz Raul , Monzón Manzano Elena , Fernández Bello Ihosvany , Teresa Álvarez Román Maria , Martín Salces Mónica , Rivas Pollmar Maria , Jiménez Yuste Víctor , Butta Nora
Published: February 2019

The treatment goal for patients with immune thrombocytopaenia (ITP) is to raise platelet counts to levels that minimize or stop bleeding. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) have been successfully and extensively employed as second-line therapy for ITP. However, TPO-RAs have a small but significant increase in the risk of thrombosis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the pro-coagulant effect of TPO-RAs to take them into account when considering their use in ITP patients with concomitant diseases/conditions that might increase risk of suffering thrombotic events. Eighty-two patients with chronic primary ITP (40 untreated and 42 undergoing TPO-RA therapy) and 112 healthy individuals were recruited. The patients with ITP undergoing TPO-RA therapy presented a pro-coagulant profile due to the formation of a more fibrinolysis-resistant clot because of increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels. Increase in platelet content of PAI-1 might be the result of the effect of TPO-RA during megakaryopoiesis, as suggested by experiments performed in MEG-01 cells. Moreover, patients under TPO-RA treatment presented an enhanced pro-coagulant activity associated with microparticles and an increased platelet apoptosis that causes a higher exposure of phosphatidylserine and, consequently, a larger surface for the binding of the prothrombinase complex.
Asset price dynamics for a two-asset market system
Authors: Bulut H. , Merdan H. , Swigon D.
Published: February 2019

We present a mathematical model for a market involving two stocks which are traded within a single homogeneous group of investors who have similar motivations and strategies for trading. It is assumed that the market consists of a fixed amount of cash and stocks (additions in time are not allowed, so the system is closed) and that the trading group is affected by trend and valuation motivations while selling or buying each asset, but follows a strategy in which the buying of an asset depends on the other asset’s price while the selling does not. By utilizing these assumptions and basic microeconomics principles, the mathematical model is obtained through a dynamical system approach. We analyze the stability of equilibrium points of the model and determine the conditions on parameters for stability. First, we prove that all equilibria are stable in the absence of a clear emphasis on a trend-based value for each stock. Second, for systems in which the group of traders attaches importance to the valuation of one stock and the trend of the other stock for trading, we establish conditions for stability and show with numerical examples that when instability occurs, it is exhibited by oscillations in the price of both stocks. Moreover, we argue the existence of periodic solutions through a Hopf bifurcation by choosing the momentum coefficient as a bifurcation parameter within this setting. Finally, we give examples and numerical simulations to support and extend the analytical results. One of the key conclusions for economics and finance is the existence of a cyclic behavior in the absence of exogenous factors according to the momentum coefficient. In particular, an equilibrium price that is stable becomes unstable as the trend based trading increases.
Temperature dependent electrical characteristics of a junction field effect transistor for cryogenic sub-attoampere charge detection
Authors: Kavangary Anahita , Graf Paul , Azazoglu Hüseyin , Flebbe Meike , Huba Kornelia , Nienhaus Hermann , Möller Rolf
Published: February 2019

Junction field effect transistors (JFET) at cryogenic temperatures can be employed as almost perfect charge detectors with leakage currents of less than 1 aA. The electrical input and output characteristics of the commercial n-channel silicon JFET BF545B is studied as a function of temperature in the range between 30 and 300 K. As long as the charge carrier concentration is constant an increasing drain current is observed for reduced temperatures and low gate voltages. Using a constant mobility model for the device this behaviour can be explained with the higher electron mobility in the source-drain channel. The mobility is found to increase with T−1 at lower temperatures which corresponds to a dopant concentration of 7 ⋅ 1016/cm3. For larger negative gate voltages a source-drain voltage is found at which the drain current is almost temperature independent. As soon as the charge carriers freeze out the input characteristics changes significantly due to the exponential decrease of the carrier concentration. The effective reduction of the gate leakage current is crucial for ultimate sensitive charge detection. Hence, the current is measured through the entire temperature range in an open gate configuration. The leakage current decreases exponentially with lower temperatures across more than six orders of magnitude and reaches values of 10−20 A below 160 K. It is exclusively due to the generation of electron-hole pairs in the depletion layer since the data are in full agreement with the Shockley-Read-Hall model of the generation current.
Power transfer in bimodal amplitude modulation atomic force microscopy in liquids: A numerical investigation
Authors: Zhou Xilong , Zhuo Rongshu , Wen Pengfei , Li Faxin
Published: February 2019

Bimodal amplitude modulation atomic force microscopy (AM-AFM) is an emerging technique for compositional imaging in liquids. In this work, we investigate the power transfer in bimodal AM-AFM in liquids by a numerical analysis. Power items are calculated by direct numerical integral and the corresponding amplitude and phase response is presented. Results show power balance is satisfied for each mode. The power transfer in each mode is significantly small compared to the external input power and most of the power is dissipated into the surrounding medium, especially for a large setpoint or cantilever-sample separation. The power transfer among different modes is complex and strongly depends on the cantilever and imaging parameters. Power transfer between different modes goes up with increasing free amplitude of the second mode. In addition, a stiffer sample will produce a more complex force spectra, which perturbs the cantilever oscillation more heavily compared to a compliant sample. Besides, the non-driven higher mode of a softer cantilever is more likely to be momentarily excited. The power items and cantilever response during imaging are also provided, revealing the phases in bimodal AFM in liquids may not be utilized to characterize the sample elasticity due to the non-monotonic trends. Instead, the amplitude of the second mode could be used to characterize the elasticity of the sample with moderate to high moduli.