bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complete sources of cluster variation on the risk of under-five malaria in Uganda: a multilevel-weighted mixed effects logistic regression model approach
Authors: Natuhamya Charles , Makumbi Fredrick , Mukose Aggrey David , Ssenkusu John M.
Published: October 2023

Background

Malaria, a major cause of mortality worldwide is linked to a web of determinants ranging from individual to contextual factors. This calls for examining the magnitude of the effect of clustering within malaria data. Regrettably, researchers usually ignore cluster variation on the risk of malaria and also apply final survey weights in multilevel modelling instead of multilevel weights. This most likely produces biased estimates, misleads inference and lowers study power. The objective of this study was to determine the complete sources of cluster variation on the risk of under-five malaria and risk factors associated with under-five malaria in Uganda.

Methods

This study applied a multilevel-weighted mixed effects logistic regression model to account for both individual and contextual factors.

Results

Every additional year in a child’s age was positively associated with malaria infection (AOR = 1.42; 95% CI 1.33–1.52). Children whose mothers had at least a secondary school education were less likely to suffer from malaria infection (AOR = 0.53; 95% CI 0.30–0.95) as well as those who dwelled in households in the two highest wealth quintiles (AOR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.27–0.64). An increase in altitude by 1 m was negatively associated with malaria infection (AOR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.97–0.99). About 77% of the total variation in the positive testing for malaria was attributable to differences between enumeration areas (ICC = 0.77; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Interventions towards reducing the burden of under-five malaria should be prioritized to improve individual-level characteristics compared to household-level features. Enumeration area (EA) specific interventions may be more effective compared to household specific interventions.
Uniformly convergent extended cubic B-spline collocation method for two parameters singularly perturbed time-delayed convection-diffusion problems
Authors: Negero Naol Tufa
Published: October 2023

This work proposes a uniformly convergent numerical scheme to solve singularly perturbed parabolic problems of large time delay with two small parameters. The approach uses implicit Euler and the exponentially fitted extended cubic B-spline for time and space derivatives respectively. Extended cubic B-splines have advantages over classical B-splines. This is because for a given value of the free parameter$$ \lambda $$λthe solution obtained by the extended B-spline is better than the solution obtained by the classical B-spline. To confirm the correspondence of the numerical methods with the theoretical results, numerical examples are presented. The present numerical technique converges uniformly, leading to the current study of being more efficient.
Gut bacterial consortium enriched in a biofloc system protects shrimp against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection
Authors: Guo Haipeng , Fu Xuezhi , He Jikun , Wang Ruoyu , Yan Mengchen , Wang Jing , Dong Pengsheng , Huang Lei , Zhang Demin
Published: October 2023

Background

Shrimp cultured in a biofloc system (BFS) have a lower disease incidence than those farmed in a water exchange system (WES). Although a number of studies have reported that the gut bacterial community induced by BFS is highly associated with shrimp disease resistance, the causal relationship remains unknown. Here, the promotive roles of gut bacterial community induced by BFS in pathogenic Vibrio infection resistance and its potential micro-ecological and physiological mechanisms were investigated by gut bacterial consortium transplantation and synthetic community (SynCom) construction.

Results

The BFS induced a more stable and resistant gut bacterial community, and significantly enriched some beneficial bacterial taxa, such as Paracoccus, Ruegeria, Microbacterium, Demequina, and Tenacibaculum. Transplantation of a gut bacterial consortium from BFS shrimp (EnrichBFS) greatly enhanced the stability of the bacterial community and resistance against pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus infection in WES shrimp, while transplantation of a gut bacterial consortium from WES shrimp significantly disrupted the bacterial community and increased pathogen susceptibility in both WES and BFS shrimp. The addition of EnrichBFS in shrimp postlarvae also improved the pathogen resistance through increasing the relative abundances of beneficial bacterial taxa and stability of bacterial community. The corresponding strains of five beneficial bacterial taxa enriched in BFS shrimp were isolated to construct a SynComBFS. The addition of SynComBFS could not only suppress disease development, but also improve shrimp growth, boost the digestive and immune activities, and restore health in diseased shrimp. Furthermore, the strains of SynComBFS well colonized shrimp gut to maintain a high stability of bacterial community.

Conclusions

Our study reveals an important role for native microbiota in protecting shrimp from bacterial pathogens and provides a micro-ecological regulation strategy towards the development of probiotics to ameliorate aquatic animal diseases.
Resonance as a medio-passive, emancipatory and transformative power: a reply to my critics
Authors: Rosa Hartmut
Published: October 2023

This is a response to a critique of my theory in the Journal of Chinese Sociology. In this response, I take the relationship between resonance theory and the tradition of critical theory as the starting point, and discuss the contributions of the five commentators in terms of the focus of resonance theory and its extension to critical theory, the questions and concerns that such an extension may raise, and the overcoming and reflecting on Eurocentrism in resonance theory. Finally, I will conclude with some reflections on their approach.
Interaction graph learning of line cascading failure in power networks and its statistical properties
Authors: Ghasemi Abdorasoul , de Meer Hermann , Kantz Holger
Published: October 2023

We consider line failure cascading in power networks where an initial random failure of a few lines leads to consecutive other line overloads and failures before the system settles in a steady state. Such cascades are rooted in non-obvious, long-range, and higher-order couplings among the lines’ flows induced by physical constraints on the network. Failure interaction graph encodes which and to what extent other lines in a networked system are affected after each line failure and can help to predict the final state after an initial disturbance. We perform data analytics on the final lines’ steady states of cascade trajectories to infer a specific line’s state given the states of others. We use a generative model to reconstruct possible steady states, and a predictive model aims to predict the probability of each line’s failures after the initial failure as a regression problem. The generative model uses regularized pseudolikelihood estimator to infer interaction weights by solving the inverse Ising problem and deploys Glauber dynamics to generate steady states. The discriminative model uses boosted trees to efficiently learn over training and predict over test data the state of each line as a target finding an appropriate subset of other lines’ states as explanatory variables. We analyze the degree distribution of the corresponding interaction graphs to study the number of other components affected by each line failure (out-degree) or the number of lines that affect the state of a given line (in-degree). Both models show that the in-degree follows a power-law distribution. Finally, we discuss the possible application of the interaction graph for early link removal to mitigate the failure-cascading consequences.
Pro-Con Debate: Perioperative Research Should Be Color-Blind
Authors: Willer Brittany L. , Alalade Emmanuel , Toledo Paloma , Jimenez Nathalia
Published: October 2023

Profound racial and ethnic disparities have been documented in health and health care outcomes in recent decades. Some researchers have erroneously ascribed these inequities to biological variations, prompting debate as to how, or even if, race and ethnicity should be included as an outcome variable. Color blindness is a racial ideology with roots in constitutional law that posits that equality is best achieved by disregarding the racial and ethnic characteristics of the individual. Color consciousness, in contrast, approaches disparities with the knowledge that experiences related to one’s race and ethnicity influence an individual’s health and well-being. In this Pro-Con commentary article, we discuss the concept of color blindness and debate its use as an approach in medicine and research.
Capnography—An Essential Monitor, Everywhere: A Narrative Review
Authors: Wollner Elliot A. , Nourian Maziar M. , Bertille Ki K. , Wake Pauline B. , Lipnick Michael S. , Whitaker David K.
Published: October 2023

Capnography is now recognized as an indispensable patient safety monitor. Evidence suggests that its use improves outcomes in operating rooms, intensive care units, and emergency departments, as well as in sedation suites, in postanesthesia recovery units, and on general postsurgical wards. Capnography can accurately and rapidly detect respiratory, circulatory, and metabolic derangements. In addition to being useful for diagnosing and managing esophageal intubation, capnography provides crucial information when used for monitoring airway patency and hypoventilation in patients without instrumented airways. Despite its ubiquitous use in high-income-country operating rooms, deaths from esophageal intubations continue to occur in these contexts due to incorrect use or interpretation of capnography. National and international society guidelines on airway management mandate capnography’s use during intubations across all hospital areas, and recommend it when ventilation may be impaired, such as during procedural sedation. Nevertheless, capnography’s use across high-income-country intensive care units, emergency departments, and postanesthesia recovery units remains inconsistent. While capnography is universally used in high-income-country operating rooms, it remains largely unavailable to anesthesia providers in low- and middle-income countries. This lack of access to capnography likely contributes to more frequent and serious airway events and higher rates of perioperative mortality in low- and middle-income countries. New capnography equipment, which overcomes cost and context barriers, has recently been developed. Increasing access to capnography in low- and middle-income countries must occur to improve patient outcomes and expand universal health care. It is time to extend capnography’s safety benefits to all patients, everywhere.
Thinking Inside the Box
Authors: Zhang Yuxing
Published: October 2023

Container aquaculture—a method that uses shipping boxes equipped with information technologies—is presented in China as an emblem of smart farming, and as a technological solution to the environmental degradation in natural water resources resulting from intensified aquacultural production. Container aquaculture aims at creating an orderly, self-contained ecosystem wherein the fish are managed in tandem with the water milieu via data governance. Its infrastructure operatively automates aquacultural practices into optimizable modules and programs biological and mechanical processes into interlocked components bearing distinctive functionalities within the artificial ecosystem. This article argues that the case of container aquaculture shows that algorithmically regulated and automated ecosystematic management does not always fulfill its promise; one still needs to navigate a dense web of interspecies associations filled with gaps and crossings between modes of being and values. Datafication is just one way to know and organize. An algorithmically controlled ecosystem cannot always accommodate the open-endedness of more-than-human ecologies. Drawing on works by Tsing, Stengers, and Satsuka, this article reappropriates what should be counted as the “smart” in farming by resituating it as a world-making practice in ecological collectives rather than in an abstract ecosystem, eschewing the fantasy of a singular criterion of evaluation and control.
Sõnatähenduste normimise traditsioon ja selle murdmine eesti keelekorralduses
Authors: Risberg Lydia , Langemets Margit
Published: October 2023

Eesti keelekorralduse traditsioon normida õigekeelsussõnaraamatuga (ÕS) üldkeele sõnade tähendusi on pikalt kujundanud ühiskonna arusaama (eesti) keele toimimisest. Alates 1980. aastatest on keelekorralduses sõnade tähendusi normimise asemel „leebemalt“ suunatud, neid kirjakeelde sobimatuks peetud ja nende kohta soovitusi antud (mh ÕSides 1999–2018). Artiklis anname ülevaate eesti keele sõnatähenduste normimise ajaloost üldisemalt alates 19. sajandi teisest poolest, analüüsides olulisemaid keelekorraldusega seotud väljaandeid. Teeme üldistusi ja järeldusi sõnatähenduste normimise kohta, tuginedes oma varasemale sõnatähendustega seotud uurimistööle: kasutuspõhise keeleteooria ja korpuslingvistika süvenemisega eesti keeleteaduses on ka keelekorralduses jõutud arusaamale, et tähendused ei püsi sõnaraamatus kinni: (uue) tähenduse kasutusse jäämine sõltub keelesisestest ja -välistest teguritest, mitte ÕSist.

Abstract. Lydia Risberg, Margit Langemets: Breaking the tradition of standardizing word meanings in Estonian language planning. The tradition of the Estonian language planning to standardize the meanings of general language through the formal Dictionary of Standard Estonian (DSE) has long influenced society’s understanding of how (Estonian) language works. Since the 1980s, instead of standardizing the meanings, the language planning has been more “lenient”, considering certain meanings inappropriate for the standard language and making recommendations on them (e.g. in the DSE 1999–2018). In this article, we will give an overview of the history of the standardization of word meanings in the Estonian language planning since the second half of the 19th century, analyzing the most important publications related to it. We draw generalizations and conclusions about the standardization of meanings based on our earlier research on word meanings: with the deepening of usage-based linguistics and corpus linguistics in Estonian linguistics, the understanding has been reached in language planning that meanings do not remain fixed in the dictionary: the (new) meaning’s survival in use depends on internal and external factors, not on the formal DSE.
Results of Monitoring the Integration of Academic Disciplines in the Context of Digital Education l
Authors: Ustimenko T. , Chursinova O. , Tokareva T.
Published: October 2023

The authors of the article analyze the results of monitoring career guidance work in educational organizations of the Stavropol Territory. The head of educational organizations took part in monitoring. Based on the analysis of monitoring results, effective tools for career guidance work in an educational organization are described.
Monitoring the Dynamics of Financial Literacy of Students in the Context of the Integration of Academic Disciplines
Authors: Kornilceva E. , Burmistrova N. , Ivanova A. , Prusov N. , Repeckaya A. , Yaschenko R.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of financial literacy of students of economic universities in the context of the integration of academic disciplines. The aim of the work is to identify the possibilities of integrative links between academic disciplines in improving the level of financial literacy within the framework of the continuity of educational programs for undergraduate and graduate programs. As a means of integration, it is proposed to use the models of simple and compound percent. The importance of formalized models in the performance of financial operations of accumulation, discounting and, accordingly, in assessing the effectiveness of financial decision-making is noted. The paper presents the results of monitoring the dynamics of the level of financial literacy of students of the University of Economics. An online survey of undergraduate students was conducted in the context of courses of study and undergraduates. Respondents were asked questions related to identifying the objective level of financial literacy (knowledge of financial terms, activity in the financial services market, knowledge of simple and compound interest formulas, etc.). A separate block includes questions about the subjective level of financial literacy of respondents and the need for additional knowledge and skills in financial literacy. he results of the analysis of empirical material indicate a positive correlation between the objective and subjective levels of financial literacy of students, as well as the need for additional knowledge on financial literacy. At the same time, higher levels of financial literacy are associated with skills in mastering simple and compound interest models and demonstrate a positive trend in the cumulative effect of integrating academic disciplines. In its turn, the study of student activity in the financial services market determines the widespread use of digital financial instruments. The findings determine the need for students of economic universities to master formalized methods for assessing financial decision-making, which in the future will allow avoiding costly mistakes in practice and maintaining the required level of digital financial literacy.
Prática de atividade física ao ar livre na pandemia da COVID-19 entre professores do ensino público
Authors: Silva Nayra Suze Souza e , Bicalho Ana Clara Soares , Soares Kamila Teles , Silveira Marise Fagundes , Silva Rosângela Ramos Veloso , Haikal Desirée Sant'Ana
Published: October 2023

Este estudo objetivou verificar a prática de atividade física ao ar livre durante a pandemia da COVID- 19 entre os professores da educação básica pública de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um inquérito epidemiológico do tipo websurvey, realizado com professores da educação básica pública de Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados ocorreu de agosto a setembro de 2020 via formulário digital. A variável dependente foi a prática de atividade física ao ar livre durante a pandemia, categorizada em sim vs não. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se a Regressão de Poisson, com variância robusta. O estudo contou com 15.641 participantes. Entre eles, 30,5% estavam realizando atividade física ao ar livre durante a pandemia. Houve maior prevalência entre os homens (RP = 1,15; IC95%: 1,09 - 1,22), aqueles que trabalhavam na zona rural (RP = 1,07; IC95%: 1,01 - 1,13), que não tiveram diminuição na renda familiar (RP = 1,08; IC95%: 1,03 - 1,13), que viviam com cônjuge (RP = 1,05; IC95%: 1,01 - 1,10), que não aderiram totalmente ao distanciamento social (RP = 1,23; IC95%: 1,17 - 1,29), que aumentaram o desejo de cuidar da aparência física (RP = 1,47; IC95%: 1,40 - 1,55), com melhor padrão alimentar (RP = 1,45; IC95%: 1,39 - 1,52), que estavam realizando atividades de lazer (RP = 1,33; IC95%: 1,27 - 1,40), aqueles que não apresentaram excesso de peso corporal (RP = 1,05; IC95%: 1,01 - 1,10), que não estavam com muito medo da COVID-19 (RP = 1,07; IC95%: 1,02 - 1,12) e os que não faziam parte do grupo de risco para a COVID-19 (RP = 1,10; IC95%: 1,05 - 1,16). Os resultados indicaram, de modo geral, um perfil positivo com os cuidados em relação à saúde entre os praticantes de atividade física ao ar livre.
Dynamic Batch Learning in High-Dimensional Sparse Linear Contextual Bandits
Authors: Ren Zhimei , Zhou Zhengyuan
Published: October 2023

We study the problem of dynamic batch learning in high-dimensional sparse linear contextual bandits, where a decision maker, under a given maximum-number-of-batch constraint and only able to observe rewards at the end of each batch, can dynamically decide how many individuals to include in the next batch (at the end of the current batch) and what personalized action-selection scheme to adopt within each batch. Such batch constraints are ubiquitous in a variety of practical contexts, including personalized product offerings in marketing and medical treatment selection in clinical trials. We characterize the fundamental learning limit in this problem via a regret lower bound and provide a matching upper bound (up to log factors), thus prescribing an optimal scheme for this problem. To the best of our knowledge, our work provides the first inroad into a theoretical understanding of dynamic batch learning in high-dimensional sparse linear contextual bandits. Notably, even a special case of our result—when no batch constraint is present—yields that the simple exploration-free algorithm using the LASSO estimator already achieves the minimax optimal [Formula: see text] regret bound (s0 is the sparsity parameter or an upper bound thereof and T is the learning horizon) for standard online learning in high-dimensional linear contextual bandits (for the no-margin case), a result that appears unknown in the emerging literature of high-dimensional contextual bandits.

This paper was accepted by Baris Ata, stochastic models and simulation.

Funding: This work is supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant CCF-2106508]. Z. Zhou gratefully acknowledges the Digital Twin research grant from Bain & Company and the New York University’s 2022-2023 Center for Global Economy and Business faculty research grant for support on this work. Z. Ren was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant OAC 1934578] and by the Discovery Innovation Fund for Biomedical Data Sciences.
Supervision Of School Administrative Staff Competence To Improve School Administration Quality In Public High Schools
Authors: Lidyanti Nelfi , Kartiwi Asti Putri , Somantri Manap
Published: October 2023

The background of this study is based on the need for more  attention to the competencies possessed by school administration personnel,  while administrative personnel is one of the pillars of school administrative services. The purpose of this study is to describe the planning, implementation, evaluation, and follow-up of supervision of school administrative personnel by school principals. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interviews, and documentation—analysis techniques through data collection, data reduction, conclusion-making, and triangulation. The results showed that the technical competence of the administrative staff at SMP Negeri Remban is quite good because they have good communication and always work together to expedite their work. In terms of role, the principal has played a role in improving the technical competence of administrative staff; this is indicated by the principal often taking the time to talk to the administrative staff so there is no awkwardness or fear between the principal and administrative staff; the principal also often holds meetings with administrative staff so that cooperation and communication between principals, teachers, and administrative staff are always well established. This research implies that the principal and education staff are an inseparable unit. Therefore it is hoped that good cooperation and communication between the two elements is expected so that in a future implementation, evaluation can be used as a guide as a follow-up if deficiencies are to be corrected.
Corona virus preventive effort by distributing masks to traders at Sanggeng Manokwari market
Authors: Nuryanti Yayuk , L Sombuk Hosiana
Published: October 2023

Indonesia is still battling the Corona virus to this day, as well as other countries. The number of cases due to the Corona virus continues to grow, some have recovered, and many have died. Handling and prevention efforts continue to be carried out by the Government to fight COVID-19. There are 5 places as a source of transmission of this virus: hospitals, public places, supermarkets, public transportation, and elevators. Traders and visitors to the market are a high-risk group because they are in a place with a lot of people going, so the market could be a transmission place for the virus. The purpose of this activity is to prevent the transmission of the corona virus to traders. The activity method is by distributing masks to traders. The results of the mask activities were divided among 40 (33%) vegetable traders, 34 (28%) people of basic food, and 46 (39%) clothes. After the distribution of masks was then carried out observation for 1 week, it was found that the average mask wearer was 4.2% from vegetable traders, 28.6% groceries traders, and 37.8% clothing traders. The data on the percentage of wearing masks is still very low. The results of the interview were the reasons why traders did not wear masks because they were uncomfortable and stuffy, so masks were rarely worn or worn briefly and then removed. Suggestion: the market administrator as the closest officer, should still encourage traders to wear masks while in the market
Improving the production quality, promotion and sales of rempeyek initomas in covid-19 era
Authors: Pribadi Ulung , Juhari Juhari , Widayat Rossi Maunofa
Published: October 2023

"Peyek Initomas," as a micro, small and medium enterprise (UMKM) in Kluwih Sub-Village, has decreased its income since the spread of the COVID 19 pandemic. In addition, the small business also packs products that are too simple so that they are less attractive to consumers. Furthermore, the small business does not yet have a wide marketing and packaging label. UMY staff have several program activities to handle the difficulties in partnership with Student Real Work Lectures (KKN). First, the team socialized and trained small business owners to use social media for marketing their products. Second, the team assisted the small businessman in creating location points on Google Maps so that buyers, especially those outside the area, could easily find them. Third, the team assists the business owner in creating a "market place," including Instagram, Shopee, and the Balecatur Website to market their various products
Screening blood glucose and blood pressure to prevent the risk of diabetes mellitus and hypertension
Authors: Astuti Yoni , Suharto Agus , Hulalata Rifki
Published: October 2023

During the covid 19 pandemic, Gamping Lor did not hold activities that risk causing crowds in order to avoid the transmission of covid 19, thus they didn’t do any activity. This condition will worsen public health conditions, which are vulnerable to exposure to NCD (Non-Communicable Diseases). In Indonesia, the number of people with DM (Diabetes mellitus) is estimated to increase by 2 times in 2030. The purpose of this service is to conduct screening for early detection of diabetes and hypertension in vulnerable communities of Gamping Lor. The method used is counseling and examination practice. The results of the activity there were 68 participants consisting of women 89.7% men 11.3%. with a picture of the following conditions; Hypertension, 35.3% prehypertension 27.3%, Normal 29.4%, Low 7.3%; hyperglycemia 15.2%, hypoglycemia, 4.5%, normal 83.3%; BMI status; Thin 11.11%, ideal,22.22%, Overweight, 20.6% Obesity level 1 , 34.9%; obesity grade 2; 11.11%. Participants with high hypertension conditions, but more normal sugar levels. Participants overweight to obesity are higher than the ideal and thin. Conclusion : Service I I went well according to plan. More participants were affected by pre and hypertension, but normoglucose, on the other hand, experienced the most overweight and obesity. So it is important to do a diet and fat burning program according to age.
“Os espíritos não vão morrer de fome, mas nós pereceremos”: a crítica midiática e os fantasmas epistolares na correspondência de Franz Kafka
Authors: Lamha Leonardo Petersen
Published: October 2023

Este artigo busca discutir a presença das tecnologias de comunicação na correspondência de Franz Kafka com Felice Bauer e Milena Jesenská em diálogo com comentadores da fortuna crítica kafkiana associados à teoria alemã da mídia. Procurando problematizar a relação entre a atividade epistolar, as tecnologias de comunicação e o papel das interlocutoras epistolares de Kafka, tal como ela aparece na fortuna crítica, propõe-se que a obra epistolar de Kafka ganharia em complexidade se lida de forma mais próxima aos problemas de comunicação e subjetividade presentes na chamada “carta dos fantasmas” [Gespensterbrief], que Kafka envia a Milena Jesenská em março de 1922.
Susana Kampff Lages entrevista Andreas B. Kilcher
Authors: Kilcher Andreas B. , Lages Susana Kampff
Published: October 2023

Andreas B. Kilcher é Professor de Teoria literária e Estudos culturais na Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule [ETH] de Zurique e autor de vasta obra teórico-crítica no âmbito dos estudos da literatura e da cultura. Focalizando temáticas que se situam na intersecção entre a literatura e outros campos do saber e no campo específico dos estudos da literatura e da cultura judaico-alemã, Kilcher é um dos mais destacados comentadores da obra de Franz Kafka2. Recentemente organizou livro com os desenhos de Franz Kafka que se encontravam, em sua maioria, no espólio de Max Brod, só atualmente acessíveis devido à longa e complexa disputa judicial que terminou com sua destinação ao estado de Israel.3 A obra contém ensaios críticos de sua autoria e de Judith Butler, e foi publicada simultaneamente em 7 países diferentes.
La educación de la población mayor de 65 años: ¿calidad de vida y beneficio socioeducativo o espacio de ocio?: estudio descriptivo en dos centros educativos
Authors: Herrera Sanz Olga
Published: October 2023

La sociedad está experimentando cambios rápidos y profundos que afectan a individuos y estructuras. Uno de los grupos que más ha cambiado es el de las personas mayores, viven más y mejor, son más activos/as y participativos/as, hecho que obliga a adecuar políticas e intervenciones sociales. Una de las acciones dirigidas a este sector poblacional, consistió en implantar un gran abanico de actividades de aprendizaje, ocio y participación, pero desarrollar actividades no es suficiente, estas, deben adaptarse a las nuevas características y necesidades individuales y grupales. Para analizar si la intervención socioeducativa se adapta a las demandas reales de las personas mayores, se realiza un estudio descriptivo en dos centros educativos interrelacionados, que permite poner de manifiesto la opinión de los/as propios/as usuarios/as, mediante cuestionarios y encuestas en profundidad.
Personas solicitantes de protección internacional: reflexiones desde el Trabajo Social
Authors: Fernández Paramos Natalia , Frieiro Padin, Paula , González Rodríguez Rubén
Published: October 2023

A través de este trabajo se pretende reflejar la realidad de las personas solicitantes de Protección Internacional en España desde una perspectiva actual y reflexiva, partiendo de la óptica del Trabajo Social. En primer lugar, se realiza una aproximación del marco histórico y normativo de las significaciones de asilo, pasando posteriormente a revisar el contexto e incremento del número de personas solicitantes, así como las respuestas que el Sistema de Acogida proporciona. A este respecto se analiza desde la experiencia práctica algunos de los principales obstáculos y limitaciones con las que se topan las personas que solicitan protección internacional. Entre estas destacan las realidades de acceso a la atención sanitaria, las limitaciones en el acceso a la educación, a los recursos culturales y de ocio, y las dificultades de acceso al mercado laboral y de acceso a la vivienda, así como las vulneraciones derivadas del hecho de ser mujer. A modo conclusivo se pone de relevancia el papel del Trabajo Social, al mismo tiempo que se ahonda en la necesidad de generar un enfoque crítico ante el actual Sistema de Acogida.
El Trabajo Social en el tercer sector de acción social. Un déficit de reconocimiento social
Authors: Centenero de Arce Fátima
Published: October 2023

Este artículo trata de afirmar, mediante la revisión de la bibliografía española existente, que no se encuentra suficientemente desarrollado el perfil profesional del Trabajo Social en las entidades no lucrativas de acción social, existiendo un "vacío" en la investigación sobre este tema, y por tanto consideramos necesario su inclusión en la investigación dentro de la disciplina.
Diagnostic assessment of the small animal cardiac patient
Authors: Charlotte Pace
Published: October 2023

Veterinary nurses play an important role in small animal practice. This article covers the diagnostic assessment that a veterinary nurse may perform on a small animal cardiac patient, from the physical examination to blood tests and advanced imaging. Cardiac patients can present in a variety of situations, including chronic conditions and acute emergencies. The veterinary nurse must be able to work with these patients in a calm manner to prevent creating any additional stress, and must also know when they should refer to a veterinary surgeon.
General anaesthesia of a cat with tetralogy of Fallot for ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Benney Helen J
Published: October 2023

Tetralogy of Fallot is a rare congenital cardiac disease affecting a very small percentage of cats. The prognosis is usually poor, with right to left shunting of blood causing deoxygenated blood to enter the circulation, resulting in cyanosis, lethargy and exercise intolerance. Some cases with mild to moderate shunting may survive to maturity. A 9-year-old Burmese cat with asymptomatic tetralogy of Fallot was anaesthetised for an elective ovariohysterectomy. The patient was premedicated with methadone and dexmedetomidine intravenously. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with alfaxalone infusion, with mechanical ventilation of 100% oxygen. Local analgesia, fentanyl and meloxicam were used for intraoperative analgesia and buprenorphine post operatively. The patient made a full recovery without complications.
Right foreleg amputation and laser therapy of the wound in a dog
Authors: RVN Kelly Huitson
Published: October 2023

This clinical case study presents an overview of a patient that was involved in a road traffic accident and required right foreleg amputation including scapulectomy. The patient crashed and was recovered using cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Laser therapy was commenced from day 4 post-road traffic incident, and the healing process documented until full recovery was obtained. Since the surgery the patient is doing well and this case outlines some of the benefits of using the laser therapy in clinic as well as in the patient's home post-surgery.
‘Horseback brown’. Colour semantics of equine bay, chestnut, and dun in Middle Welsh literature
Authors: Hemming Jessica
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: This article examines a set of terms in the semantic domain of horse colours in Middle Welsh. In the absence of a Basic Colour Term (BCT) for brown in its colour system, Middle Welsh deployed a combination of specialized adjectives and contextually-restricted uses of BCTs for red and yellow to describe the full range of horse coats in the brown range. It is argued that, like other equestrian cultures, medieval Wales would have had a nuanced and sophisticated collection of descriptive terms for horses and that its small number of BCTs in no way indicates a limited discernment of colour variations.
St. Christopher Returns from the Trenches: Imitating Christ in Ford Madox Ford’s Parade’s End
Authors: East Melanie
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Critical work on Ford Madox Ford’s Parade’s End has paid little attention to the protagonist’s depiction as a Christ figure; generally, the Christ allusions are read ironically. By contrast, this article contends that Christopher Tietjens’ association with saints and Christ is central to Ford’s experimental Great War tetralogy. To counter discourses that portrayed soldiers as comforting Christian martyrs, Ford constructs a living, disquieting Christ figure. Both Tietjens’ trauma and his desire for suffering undermine efforts to explain war experience and forget. Ultimately, Ford’s subversive use of Christ allusions transforms a conservative motif into a radical one to challenge postwar commemoration.
Allegory, Animality, and Anagogy: Beyond a Moral Interpretation of George Saunders’s “Escape from Spiderhead”
Authors: Kiser Samantha
Published: October 2023

Abstract: This essay draws on the philosophy of Emmanuel Falque to argue that George Saunders’s story, “Escape from Spiderhead,” should be read as allegory and anagogy, as well as on literal and moral levels. I argue, therefore, that Saunders’s story follows the book of Revelation in presenting a world temporarily governed by a false power. Furthermore, like Falque’s interpretation of Christian sacraments, Saunders draws attention to the biological and animal aspects of human nature. Finally, Saunders’s story locates redemption after the main character’s death. The essay thus responds to criticism that Saunders’s stories fail to achieve their moral ends.
Stopping by Woods in Mashpee Territory: Belonging in William Apess's Indian Nullification
Authors: Alimboyao Sy Lloyd
Published: October 2023

Abstract: This essay analyzes how William Apess's Indian Nullification (1835) articulates a form of belonging that emphasizes inclusivity and communality (affiliative belonging) against settler colonialism's insistence that belonging is anchored in possession and property (proprietary belonging). It draws on recent critical appraisals of Indigenous kinship and community that emphasize the commingling of Native and white practices, but it centers tangible environmental markers—specifically the cutting and carting away of wood as presented in Apess's text—as the loci for a more general argument over how people should live with each other. I draw much from Apess's depiction of the Mashpee Meeting-house, a religious structure made of wood whose retrieval by the Mashpee concurrently pushes to establish their conception of communal belonging with nature and with each other. The Mashpee form of belonging is also incarnate in two other ways in Indian Nullification : in Apess's discussion of his adoption into the Mashpee tribe and in the very structure of the book. By contrasting how the Mashpee treat the management of wood and wooden creations with settler colonial impositions, Apess conceptualizes how Indigenous peoples could create communities and express an alternative idea of belonging in the antebellum United States.
Physical modeling of ribosomes along messenger RNA: Estimating kinetic parameters from ribosome profiling experiments using a ballistic model
Authors: Chevalier Carole , Dorignac Jérôme , Ibrahim Yahaya , Choquet Armelle , David Alexandre , Ripoll Julie , Rivals Eric , Geniet Frédéric , Walliser Nils-Ole , Palmeri John , Parmeggiani Andrea , Walter Jean-Charles
Published: October 2023

Gene expression is the synthesis of proteins from the information encoded on DNA. One of the two main steps of gene expression is the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide sequences of amino acids. Here, by taking into account mRNA degradation, we model the motion of ribosomes along mRNA with a ballistic model where particles advance along a filament without excluded volume interactions. Unidirectional models of transport have previously been used to fit the average density of ribosomes obtained by the experimental ribo-sequencing (Ribo-seq) technique in order to obtain the kinetic rates. The degradation rate is not, however, accounted for and experimental data from different experiments are needed to have enough parameters for the fit. Here, we propose an entirely novel experimental setup and theoretical framework consisting in splitting the mRNAs into categories depending on the number of ribosomes from one to four. We solve analytically the ballistic model for a fixed number of ribosomes per mRNA, study the different regimes of degradation, and propose a criterion for the quality of the inverse fit. The proposed method provides a high sensitivity to the mRNA degradation rate. The additional equations coming from using the monosome (single ribosome) and polysome (arbitrary number) ribo-seq profiles enable us to determine all the kinetic rates in terms of the experimentally accessible mRNA degradation rate.
Factors associated with unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment among homeless persons in Brazil: A retrospective cohort study from 2015 to 2020
Authors: Silva Rodrigues Osiyallê Akanni , Mogaji Hammed Oladeji , Alves Layana Costa , Flores-Ortiz Renzo , Cremonese Cleber , Nery Joilda Silva
Published: October 2023

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) is a preventable and a curable disease. In Brazil, TB treatment outcomes are particularly worse among homeless populations who are either of black race, malnourished or living with HIV/AIDS and other comorbidities. This study therefore evaluated factors associated with unsuccessful TB treatment among homeless population (HP) compared to those with shelter.

Methodology/Principal findings

The study population was composed of 284,874 people diagnosed with TB in Brazil between 2015 and 2020 and reported in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), among which 7,749 (2.72%) were homeless and 277,125 (97.28%) were sheltered. Cox regression analysis was performed with both populations to identify factors associated with unsuccessful TB treatment, and significant predictors of TB treatment outcomes. Results show that HP are more susceptible to unfavorable outcomes when compared to sheltered people (Hazard Ratio (HR): 2.04, 95% CI 1.82–2.28). Among the HP, illicit drug use (HR: 1.38, 95% CI 1.09–1.74), mental disorders (HR: 2.12, 95% CI 1.08–4.15) and not receiving directed observed treatment (DOT) (HR: 18.37, 95% CI 12.23–27.58) are significant predictors of poor treatment outcomes. The use of illicit drugs (HR: 1.53, 95% CI 1.21–1.93) and lack of DOT (HR: 17.97, 95% CI 11.71–27.59) are associated with loss to follow-up, while lack of DOT (HR: 15.66, 95% CI 4.79–51.15) was associated with mortality among TB patients.

Conclusion/significance

Homeless population living in Brazil are twice at risk of having an unsuccessful treatment, compared to those who are sheltered, with illicit drugs use, mental disorders and lack of DOT as risk factors for unsuccessful TB outcomes. Our findings reinforce the arguments for an intersectoral and integral approach to address these determinants of health among the vulnerable homeless populations.
Somno-Art Software identifies pathology-induced changes in sleep parameters similarly to polysomnography
Authors: Thiesse Laurie , Staner Luc , Bourgin Patrice , Comtet Henri , Fuchs Gil , Kirscher Debora , Roth Thomas , Schaffhauser Jean Yves , Saoud Jay B. , Viola Antoine U.
Published: October 2023

Polysomnographic sleep architecture parameters are commonly used to diagnose or evaluate treatment of sleep disorders. Polysomnography (PSG) having practical constraints, the development of wearable devices and algorithms to monitor and stage sleep is rising. Beside pure validation studies, it is necessary for a clinician to ensure that the conclusions drawn with a new generation wearable sleep scoring device are consistent to the ones of gold standard PSG, leading to similar interpretation and diagnosis. This paper reports on the performance of Somno-Art Software for the detection of differences in sleep parameters between patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), insomniac or major depressive disorder (MDD) compared to healthy subjects. On 244 subjects (n = 26 healthy, n = 28 OSA, n = 66 insomniacs, n = 124 MDD), sleep staging was obtained from PSG and Somno-Art analysis on synchronized electrocardiogram and actimetry signals. Mixed model analysis of variance was performed for each sleep parameter. Possible differences in sleep parameters were further assessed with Mann-Whitney U-test between the healthy subjects and each pathology group. All sleep parameters, except N1+N2, showed significant differences between the healthy and the pathology group. No significant differences were observed between Somno-Art Software and PSG, except a 3.6±2.2 min overestimation of REM sleep. No significant interaction ‘group’*’technology’ was observed, suggesting that the differences in pathologies are independent of the technology used. Overall, comparable differences between healthy subjects and pathology groups were observed when using Somno-Art Software or polysomnography. Somno-Art proposes an interesting valid tool as an aid for diagnosis and treatment follow-up in ambulatory settings.
Developmental learning disorders in children with prenatal/perinatal exposure to hypoxia: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Radtke Bartosz M. , Sajewicz-Radtke Urszula , Bieleninik Łucja , Lipowska Małgorzata
Published: October 2023

Background

Developmental learning disorder (DLD) belongs to neurodevelopmental disorders because it results from the developmental neurodiversity of the brain. The main causes of DLD are genetics, but environmental factors, like inadequate supply of oxygen during pregnancy or labor, are considered.

Methods

Our search strategy will consist of electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) and hand searching. The observational studies including cohort and case-control studies will be included. The primary outcome will be (DLD). Screening and eligibility will be done independently by two reviewers based on pre-specified eligibility criteria. Data extraction will be based on a pre-pilot data extraction form, and conducted by two authors independently. Study quality will be assessed by two authors independently. Any discrepancies identified at any stage of the review will be resolved by discussion or/and consultation with another reviewer. We plan a narrative and tabular summary of the findings.

Discussion

This systematic review of aetiology follows the traditional approach to evidence-based healthcare. This secondary research will assess the association between hypoxia and DLD by assessing the relationship of health-related event and outcome and examining the association between them. This review can provide information for healthcare professionals and policymakers indicating whether taking into account information about hypoxia should be permanently included in the diagnostic ontogenetic interview in the process of diagnosing neurodevelopmental disorders.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO: CRD42022371387.