bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Outcomes of Obstetric Sepsis by Three Sets of Clinical Diagnostic Criteria: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Pohl Nicole , Bauer Melissa , Pancaro Carlo , Cassidy Ruth , Engoren Milo
Published: October 2023

Objective Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States is the highest of all developed nations with a reported rate of 17 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2014 to 2017. Sepsis-related mortality is a major component of pregnancy-related mortality. Similar to nonpregnancy-related sepsis, the criteria for pregnancy-related sepsis are evolving. The purposes of this study were to compare three criteria for sepsis (Sepsis-2, Sepsis-3, California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative [CMQCC]) with one another and to determine patient outcomes using those three sets of criteria.

Study Design Using the electronic medical record, we obtained granular data on all patients at University of Michigan Medical Center from July 10, 2009 to September 4, 2019 with suspected sepsis (blood cultures and administration of antibiotics) during pregnancy until the 42nd postpartum day. Agreement between the three criteria were assessed with kappa and shown by a Venn diagram. Groups were compared using standardized differences and chi square, rank sum, or independent t-tests.

Results Of the 228 patients having sepsis by any criteria, 191 (83%) patients met the criteria for Sepsis-2, 131 (57%) for Sepsis-3, and 62 (27%) met criteria according to CMQCC. Agreement between the three criteria ranged from kappa = 0.13 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09, 0.18) to kappa = 0.31 (95% CI: 0.23, 0.39). Patients who met CMQCC criteria tended to have more comorbidities and higher APACHE II (Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation) scores. Mortality (by 90 days) among the groups was low with 10 (4%) patients dying. Patients meeting criteria for CMQCC sepsis had higher mortality than the non-CMQCC patients with sepsis (10 vs. 2%, standardized difference = 0.31, p = 0.027).

Conclusion The agreement among Sepsis-2, Sepsis-3, and CMQCC diagnostic criteria is weak. CMQCC criteria identifies patients with sepsis at higher risk of death.

Key Points
Engaging Multidisciplinary Clinical Users in the Design of an Artificial Intelligence–Powered Graphical User Interface for Intensive Care Unit Instability Decision Support
Authors: Helman Stephanie , Terry Martha Ann , Pellathy Tiffany , Hravnak Marilyn , George Elisabeth , Al-Zaiti Salah , Clermont Gilles
Published: October 2023

Background Critical instability forecast and treatment can be optimized by artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled clinical decision support. It is important that the user-facing display of AI output facilitates clinical thinking and workflow for all disciplines involved in bedside care.

Objectives Our objective is to engage multidisciplinary users (physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants) in the development of a graphical user interface (GUI) to present an AI-derived risk score.

Methods Intensive care unit (ICU) clinicians participated in focus groups seeking input on instability risk forecast presented in a prototype GUI. Two stratified rounds (three focus groups [only nurses, only providers, then combined]) were moderated by a focus group methodologist. After round 1, GUI design changes were made and presented in round 2. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and deidentified transcripts independently coded by three researchers. Codes were coalesced into emerging themes.

Results Twenty-three ICU clinicians participated (11 nurses, 12 medical providers [3 mid-level and 9 physicians]). Six themes emerged: (1) analytics transparency, (2) graphical interpretability, (3) impact on practice, (4) value of trend synthesis of dynamic patient data, (5) decisional weight (weighing AI output during decision-making), and (6) display location (usability, concerns for patient/family GUI view). Nurses emphasized having GUI objective information to support communication and optimal GUI location. While providers emphasized need for recommendation interpretability and concern for impairing trainee critical thinking. All disciplines valued synthesized views of vital signs, interventions, and risk trends but were skeptical of placing decisional weight on AI output until proven trustworthy.

Conclusion Gaining input from all clinical users is important to consider when designing AI-derived GUIs. Results highlight that health care intelligent decisional support systems technologies need to be transparent on how they work, easy to read and interpret, cause little disruption to current workflow, as well as decisional support components need to be used as an adjunct to human decision-making.
Study on the flashover mechanism of bird droppings in the transmission line
Authors: Mao Xiaopo , Ye Jianfeng , Tian Ze , Hu Kuan , Wang Jiaqiang , Tan Fali
Published: October 2023

In recent years, bird droppings flashover faults frequently occur on transmission lines. Based on the existing conditions of the laboratory, this paper explores the flashover mechanism of 110 kV bird droppings. A new type of bird droppings propulsion device was designed and developed, and the process of bird droppings falling in the natural state was simulated without voltage. According to several typical forms of bird droppings, the main findings are ① the bird droppings connected to the two poles are the most serious short circuit situation; ② the bird droppings flashover fault of the 110 kV line is actually a single-phase grounding fault of the line through a resistance, and the grounding resistance is between 20 and 300 kΩ; and ③ the conductivity is the most sensitive factor affecting bird droppings flashover.
On the Mathieu conjecture for SU(N) and SO(N)
Authors: Zwart Kevin
Published: October 2023

Building on work of Müger and Tuset [arXiv.2210.06582 (2022)], we reduce the Mathieu conjecture, formulated by Mathieu in 1997 [Algebre Non Commutative, Groupes Quantiques et Invariants, edited by Alex, J. and Cauchon, G. (Société Mathématique de France, Reims, 1997), Vol. 2, pp. 263–279], for SU(N) to a simpler conjecture in purely abelian terms. We sketch a similar reduction for SO(N). The proofs rely on Euler-style parametrizations of these groups, which we discuss including proofs.
Stabilization mechanisms of various acoustic metasurfaces on the second mode in hypersonic boundary-layer flows
Authors: Liu Xiao , Dong Ying , Long Tiehan , Zhao Rui , Wen Chihyung
Published: October 2023

Acoustic metasurfaces have been shown to stabilize the Mack second mode in the hypersonic boundary layer through various acoustic wave manipulations, but the stabilization mechanisms still lack unified clarification. In the present work, momentum potential theory is used to develop a physics-based analysis of the perturbance flow field above three kinds of acoustic metasurfaces: the absorptive, impedance-near-zero, and reflection-controlled metasurfaces. It found the thermal-acoustic source term Pta contributes the most to the instability, and the main differences in the stabilization mechanisms of the various metasurfaces can be derived from the distributions of Pta. The absorptive metasurface largely restrains the negative Pta term near the surface and slightly attenuates it near the critical layer. The impedance-near-zero metasurface generates a positive contour under the critical layer, while the reflection-controlled metasurface induces additional positive Pta intertwining along the critical layer. In addition, a uniform macroslit surface without particular acoustic characteristic is verified to stabilize the Mack second mode because the recirculation zones inside the macroslits attenuate the near-surface negative Pta. By deflecting the reflective waves, additional larger positive Pta could be produced and wrapped along the critical layer and that achieves a more prominent stabilization performance by designing a reflection-controlled macroslit surface.
Understanding the role of droplet clusters in a reactive mixing layer
Authors: Weiss Philipp , Meyer Daniel W. , Jenny Patrick
Published: October 2023

Turbulent reactive flows laden with droplets appear in various energy systems but are difficult to understand and parametrize. Such flows involve interactions of turbulent fluctuations, phase changes, and chemical reactions that give rise to complex phenomena. To improve our knowledge, we performed direct numerical simulations of a canonical shear flow. It is composed of a hot, quiescent outer layer and a cold, turbulent inner layer that is laden with droplets. Due to the turbulent fluctuations, the droplets form clusters. Due to the high temperatures, the droplets evaporate quickly and flames emerge spontaneously at the interface of the two layers. We observed premixed flames that enclose droplet clusters and diffusion flames that enclose vapor pockets or single droplets. To examine these flame structures in more detail, we varied the droplet size, droplet loading, and shear rate. We found that the droplet size and droplet loading have significant effects, whereas the shear rate has only subtle effects.
Instantaneous dynamics and localization near exceptional point in breathing solitons
Authors: Xian Tianhao , Wu Jian , Wang Wenchao , Zhan Li
Published: October 2023

We report the instantaneous dynamics of breathing soliton near exceptional point (EP) and propose the nonlinear non-Hermitian coupling model in gain nonlinearity systems. In such nonlinear systems, the mode intensity change is weakened by gain nonlinearity, and the relative phase displays localization in probability distribution. Moreover, such localization can be enhanced by EPs, which is helpful for EP sensing. Experiments and simulations are carried out in breathing soliton lasers. We find that the instantaneous breathing frequency and the relative phase are time-varying near EP. Meanwhile, the distribution of the relative phase displays localization as the theoretical prediction. These results not only are important to the nonlinear science but also can help to understand the EP properties, especially for the application of breathing soliton systems for EP sensing.
A scalable scanning transfer cavity laser stabilization scheme based on the Red Pitaya STEMlab platform
Authors: Pultinevicius E. , Rockenhäuser M. , Kogel F. , Groß P. , Garg T. , Prochnow O. E. , Langen T.
Published: October 2023

Many experiments in atomic and molecular physics require simultaneous frequency stabilization of multiple lasers. We present a stabilization scheme based on a scanning transfer cavity lock that is simple, stable, and easily scalable to many lasers at minimal cost. The scheme is based on the Red Pitaya STEMlab platform, with custom software developed and implemented to achieve up to 100 Hz bandwidth. As an example demonstration, we realize simultaneous stabilization of up to four lasers and a reduction of long-term drifts to well below 1 MHz/h. This meets typical requirements, e.g., for experiments on laser cooling of molecules.
Single-frame two-color illumination computational imaging based on Kramers–Kronig relations
Authors: Li Yutong , Huang Guancheng , Ma Shuo , Wang Yiran , Liu Shutian , Liu Zhengjun
Published: October 2023

Annular-illumination quantitative phase imaging based on Kramers–Kronig relations (AIKK) achieves a large space-bandwidth-time product. The reconstruction algorithm is non-iteration, parameter-free, and object-independent constitutionally. Based on the observation and analyticity of intensity spectrum characteristics and symmetry in spatial and frequency domains, we propose a single-frame two-color illumination imaging based AIKK (SFTC-AIKK). In addition, we apply the two-color mode to synthetic aperture imaging, and only one measurement is sufficient with a monochrome camera. We employ SFTC-AIKK to achieve resolution corresponding to nearly two times the objective NA at camera-limited frame rate to applications with observing dynamic target at various spatial and temporal scales.
Metastable phase formation in europium hexaboride on compression to 187 GPa
Authors: Sereika Raimundas , Clay Matthew P. , Zhu Li , Rosa Priscila F. S. , Bi Wenli , Vohra Yogesh K.
Published: October 2023

Transition-metal and rare-earth borides are of considerable interest due to their electronic, mechanical, and magnetic properties as well as their structural stability under extreme conditions. Here, we report on a series of high-pressure Raman and x-ray diffraction experiments on the cubic rare-earth hexaboride EuB6 to an ultrahigh pressure of 187 GPa in a diamond anvil cell. In EuB6, divalent europium ions occupy the corners of the cubic structure, which encloses a rigid boron-bonded cage. So far, no structural phase transitions have been reported, while the nanoindentation studies indicate amorphization in nanoscale shear bands during plastic deformation. Our x-ray diffraction studies have revealed that the ambient cubic phase of EuB6 shows broadening and splitting of diffraction peaks starting at 72 GPa and the broadening continuing to 187 GPa. The high-pressure phase is recovered on decompression, and the Raman spectroscopy of the recovered sample from 187 GPa shows a downward frequency shift and broadening of T2g, Eg, and A1g modes of boron octahedron. The density functional theory simulations of EuB6 at 100 GPa have identified five possible lowest energy crystal structures. The experimental x-ray diffraction data at high pressures is compared with the theoretical predictions and the role of structural distortions induced by shear stresses is also discussed.
Anharmonic phonon scattering study in wide bandgap semiconductor
β
-Ga2O3 by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Yan Sihan , Liu Zeng , Tan Chee-Keong , Zhang Xiuyun , Li Shan , Shi Li , Guo Yufeng , Tang Weihua
Published: October 2023

The low thermal conductivity of β-Ga2O3 single crystal imposes limitations on its device performance under high-temperature and high-power conditions. Phonons are widely recognized to play the main role in heat transport, while the anharmonic scattering among these quasi-particles significantly diminishes thermal conductivity. Therefore, investigating the anharmonic phonon scattering within β-Ga2O3 single crystal holds paramount significance. In this study, we mainly employed temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy and first-principles calculation to give a quantitative analysis on the anharmonic phonon scattering. The mode Grüneisen parameters and temperature-dependent thermal expansion coefficient were studied. Strong anharmonic phonon scattering was also confirmed, which was mainly caused by cubic scattering, but quartic scattering is also nonnegligible and causes nonlinear linewidth broadening. Moreover, high wavenumber peaks are more likely to undergo asymmetric phonon scattering by comparing the symmetric and asymmetric scattering models. In all, this study provides a profound understanding of the anharmonic phonon scattering properties within the β-Ga2O3 single crystal. It enriches our understanding of quasi-particle interaction dynamics and offers theoretical pathways for expanding the applications of β-Ga2O3 single crystal and optimizing its device performance.
A task-based framework for oral language instruction in support of young language learners in French
immersion
Authors: Bourgoin Renée , Bouthillier Josée Le
Published: October 2023

In Canada, French immersion (FI) is a popular language program. In addition to needing strong pedagogies for
language and content instruction, primary FI teachers need to attend to students’ age, cognitive level, and lack of exposure to
the target language. We turned our attention to the potential of task-based instruction to conduct a two-year classroom-based
study exploring communicative tasks designed specifically for young language students in FI. The study led to the development of
an instructional sequence for task-based instruction for children ages 5–6, grounded in the Gradual Release of Responsibility
model and scaffolded instruction. In addition to presenting this pedagogical framework, we discuss identify promising task-based
pedagogical principles at play and highlight pathways for classroom application. We also discuss communicative tasks proposed to
young students and offer the use of symbolic play as a type of task that shows promise for young learners in second language
learning contexts.
Preparation of a flexible photoanode of the photoelectrochemical ultraviolet photodetector based on rutile TiO2 nanowires and the suppressed charge recombination at solid/liquid interface
Authors: Wang Gang , Ji Fanbo , Li Jiang , Zhang Xinmiao , Wu Hongchang , Bai Zhaowen , Jin Mengjing , Zhou Jinyuan , Xie Erqing , Pan Xiaojun
Published: October 2023

Flexible ultraviolet (UV) photodetector exhibits a promising application in portable electronic gadgets, display devices and biomedical imaging. In this study, a flexible photoanode of the photoelectrochemical (PEC)-type UV photodetector based on rutile TiO2 nanowires (TiO2 NWs) grown on carbon fiber cloth is realized. In photovoltaic applications, an insulating layer is usually introduced to suppress interfacial recombination and reduce the surface trap states. The interfacial recombination of semiconductor/electrolyte is suppressed by coating an Al2O3 barrier layer on the TiO2 NWs. The photodetectors of the TiO2@Al2O3 NWs show stable photocurrent, a high light/dark current ratio (I
light/I
dark) of 1170, a faster rise and decay response times of 0.09 and 0.09 s, and excellent spectral selectivity from 300 to 400 nm. The peak responsivity of the photodetectors reaches 2.8 mA W−1 at 360 nm. This flexible photoanode have a potential application in wearable PEC UV photodetector.
A novel path generation method for robotic measurement with local pruning and collision-free adjustment
Authors: Yang Wen-tao , Yang Bin , Jiang Cheng , Tian Ya-ming , Lin Yang , Xu Wei , Li Feng , Li Wen-long
Published: October 2023

Robotic measurement is an essential task during downtime in the nuclear power underwater environment. However, the narrow operating space of the underwater nuclear environment brings about an enormous challenge about the efficiency and safety of robotic measurement. This paper proposes a novel path-generation method with local pruning and collision-free adjustment. The proposed method increases the distance between the path and obstacles and reduces the number of collision detections. This core idea is to calculate extreme value points and path feature points as well as the collision-free adjustment for a smooth path. Firstly, the path is divided into subintervals where interval’s endpoints are the extreme value points. Next, the path points are distinguished by path feature points in each subinterval. A two-level connection strategy is proposed to connect the path points among path feature points within the constraints of curvature and density. Then, the smooth path is adjusted to avoid obstacles. The use of extreme value points and path feature points contributes to increasing the efficiency of path generation and improving the safety of the robotic measurement. Simulations and practical experiments are carried out to validate the feasibility of the proposed method over another method. Path safety index (PSI) is defined to measure the distance between path and obstacles. The efficiency of path generation is improved by up to 101% and PSI is improved by up to 20.75%.
Advances in satellite atomic clock technologies for the GNSS
Authors: Fangneng Li , Yifeng Liang , Jiangning Xu , Miao Wu
Published: October 2023

High-precision time frequency lays a foundation for the normal operation and accurate service of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS). The satellite clock, a payload vital to GNSS operation, has become a hot topic in GNSS technology research. This paper gives a systematic introduction to the operation features and principles of satellite clock, and an overview of its research status and current development. On this basis, several techniques that deserve attention of the satellite clocks are categorized in terms of precise orbit determination and clock estimation, performance assessment and characteristic analysis, and clock offset prediction. On this basis, a comprehensive description and analysis is given separately. In the end, this paper gives some prospects over the development trend of techniques of the satellite clock based on the current research achievements and development of the GNSS.
A comparison between certain graph parameters of biswapped networks and their maximal twin-preserving subgraphs with applications in determining complexity
Authors: Rani Anam , Fahad Asfand , Hussain Iffat Fida , Ali Usman , Ashraf Muhammad
Published: October 2023

The study of different objects, such as the properties of algebraic structures, the analysis of chemical graph structures without experiment, and understanding networks through topological indices (TIs), is among the modern directions in graph theory. The analysis of different networks, such as the Benes network, butterfly network, hex-derived network and biswapped network, using TIs is one of the modern research fields. The storage and transfer of data carrying certain information has always remained a modern world problem. The optoelectronic technology used in optical transpose interconnection systems (OTIS) is efficient in outcome over an electrical system due to the minimum power consumption and broad bandwidth. By combining the use of wireless and electrical technologies, OTIS has developed into a valuable network and boosted the efficiency of contemporary optoelectronic computers. A special type of OTIS is the biswapped network over the path graph Pn
, denoted by

B
(

P
n

)

. In this article, a maximal twin-preserving subgraph of a biswapped network over the path graph Pn
is constructed. Moreover, the biswapped network

B
(

P
n

)

and its constructed subgraph are compared through ev-degree- and ve-degree-dependent TIs. In addition to this, to analyse the complexity of

B
(

P

n

)

and

M
T
(
B
(

P
n

)
)

through information functional-based entropies, we define ve-degree- and ev-degree-based information functionals and compute formulae for ve-degree- and ev-degree-based entropies. The analytical formulae, tables and graphical trends are used to describe a comparison between the TIs and entropies of

B
(

P
n

)

and

M
T
(
B
(

P
n

)
)

. It is shown that the values of TIs and entropies only differ by a constant depending on the value of n.
Investigation of enhanced degradation of the antibiotic under visible in novel B/ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite and its electrical energy consumption
Authors: Nguyen Thu Huong , Vu Anh-Tuan
Published: October 2023

Both ZnO and TiO2 are common semiconducting metal oxides with high mechanical and chemical durability. However, they only have good photocatalytic ability in the UV region, besides the rapid recombination between electrons and holes reduces the efficiency of the decomposition of organic substances. To improve their catalytic efficiency, in this study, ZnO and TiO2 were doped with B to produce the novel B/ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites for degrading tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) in the aqueous solution. The characteristics of samples were analyzed by the diffuse reflectance ultraviolet–visible (DR/UV–vis), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The 3B/ZnO/TiO2 sample had a band gap energy (E
g) of 3.21 eV. Although the B/ZnO/TiO2 sample had a tightly aggregated morphology composed of many nanoparticles in 33–137 nm, it still exhibited a higher uniformly and photocatalytic efficiency than ZnO and ZnO/TiO2. At the optimal doped B of 3 wt%, the degradation efficiency (DE) was achieved at 96.33% with a rate constant of 0.067 min−1. The factors that affect the photocatalytic process such as the initial TCH concentration, the catalyst content, and the pH solution were comprehensively investigated. In addition, the stability of 3B/ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite was evaluated via three consecutive cycles and the DE was 69.75% in 3rd cycle. The Z-scheme mechanism was proposed for the photocatalytic mechanism of TCH in the B/ZnO/TiO2 catalyst. In addition, electrical energy consumption was estimated that the electrical energy per order only was 29.05 kW.h.l−1.
Measuring the moment-of-inertia of a rigid body using a swing-pendulum
Authors: Bissell J J , Ritchey C E , Stevens F
Published: October 2023

A novel way to construct a compound pendulum is to suspend a distributed mass from a single pivot using light inextensible strings. Here we describe how such a compound ‘swing-pendulum’ can be used to infer the moment-of-inertia of a rigid body. Our approach is particularly suitable for contexts in which it is impractical to suspend the body from one of its internal points, and is illustrated using data sourced from student-led experiments on steel and aluminium rods.
Electrical conductance lab: a low-cost, simple and useful project with Arduino
Authors: Schnider Dorottya , Hömöstrei Mihály
Published: October 2023

This paper introduces a project carried out with an advanced physics class in a secondary school, where Arduino-based classroom measurements were used to strengthen the students’ knowledge in the topic of direct current. The aim of the project was to engage students in the classroom work and provide them with modern and applicable knowledge. The project involved students working in small groups, where they used Arduino to measure the conductance of various fluids, including tap water, and saltwater. Students relied on digital technology for data acquisition and data processing and they evaluated the measurement data digitally, too. Graphical representation and function plotting—qualitative and quantitative explanation of the measurements support students to deepen their knowledge. The project demonstrated the potential of applying Arduino-based classroom measurements to engage students in learning physics and provide them with hands-on experience with modern technology. In this paper, we introduce a method we designed for conducting Arduino-supported classroom measurements effectively, while developing competences that are essential for getting by in the 21st century.
One-loop corrections in power spectrum in single field inflation
Authors: Firouzjahi Hassan
Published: October 2023

We revisit the one-loop correction in curvature perturbation power spectrum in models of single field inflation which undergo a phase of ultra slow-roll (USR) inflation. We include the contributions from both the cubic and quartic interaction Hamiltonians and calculate the one-loop corrections on the spectrum of the CMB scale modes from the small scale modes which leave the horizon during the USR phase. It is shown that the amplitude of one-loop corrections depends on the sharpness of the transition from the USR phase to the final slow-roll phase. For an arbitrarily sharp transition, the one-loop correction becomes arbitrarily large, invalidating the perturbative treatment of the analysis. We speculate that for a mild transition, the large one-loop corrections are washed out during the subsequent evolution after the USR phase. The implications for primordial black holes formation are briefly reviewed.
Multi-channel chaotic signal generation using a weak resonant cavity Fabry–Perot laser diode subject to self-phase-modulated feedback
Authors: Yin Zhengshan , Wang Fei , Deng Tao , Hu Dengwang , Xia Guangqiong , Wu Zhengmao
Published: October 2023

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a wideband multi-channel chaotic source using a weak resonant cavity Fabry–Perot laser diode with self-phase modulated optical feedback. In this configuration, self-phase modulation is incorporated into the external optical feedback loop to enhance bandwidth of the generated multi-channel chaos and suppress time delay signature (TDS). The experimental results indicate that, with appropriate optical feedback intensity, 86 lasing modes within the wavelength range of 1530–1570 nm and with the mode spacing of 0.47 nm can be simultaneously driven into a state of chaos, and the generated multi-channel chaos have an enhanced bandwidth and suppressed TDS.
Controlled multiwavelength operation of diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser at 1318, 1338 and 1356 nm with intracavity etalon
Authors: Zverev Petr G , Smirnov Igor V , Sirotkin Anatoly A
Published: October 2023

Dual- and triple-wavelength diode-side-pumped electro-optically Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 1318.8 nm, 1338.2 nm and 1356.4 nm with an intracavity etalon was demonstrated. The spectral composition of the generation was controlled by the rotation of the intracavity YAG etalon with a thickness of 100 µm. The experimental values of the tilt angle of the etalon for the laser generation with dual- and triple-wavelength output correspond well to the calculated values. When pumped by the electrical pulses with an energy of 8.7 J, triple-wavelength laser pulses with an energy of 96 mJ, a pulse duration of 37 ns, a peak power up to 2.6 MW and a repetition rate of 100 Hz were obtained. The proposed method of using an intracavity etalon allows to switch the spectral composition of the output radiation of Nd:YAG laser at 4F3/2 → 4I13/2 transition between single-, dual- and triple-wavelength modes.
A preliminary groundwater investigation using geoelectrical resistivity survey in the Bengkalis Island, Indonesia
Authors: Islami Nur , Azhar  , Irianti Mitri , Yusoff Ismail
Published: October 2023

Groundwater resources are one of the natural resources that need to be preserved. The main problem of groundwater in coastal areas is the intrusion of seawater into the groundwater aquifer. The problem will be even more complex when the land is covered by peat soil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of groundwater in the western part of Bengkalis Island. Geoelectrical resistivity data was taken with the Schumberger configuration with the increase in the electrode distance being varied to obtain accurate measurements. Groundwater samples were measured to obtain the physical character of the groundwater. The results show that groundwater close to the shoreline has been contaminated by the presence of seawater intrusion. However, in areas that are a bit far from the shoreline, the shallow aquifer groundwater conditions are still not contaminated by seawater. It can be concluded that the presence of seawater in the aquifer is caused by the trapping of seawater in the aquifer during sediment deposition in the past.
Synthesis and characterization of proton conducting membranes based on human nail keratin and sulfonated polysulfone
Authors: Hardiyanti Adining Via , Gustian Irfan , Banon Charles , Adfa Morina , Fitriani Dyah
Published: October 2023

Synthesis and characterization of proton conducting membranes based on human nail keratin and sulfonated polysulfone has been carried out. This research was conducted to make a proton conducting membrane based on acid-base pairs. In this study, human nail was dissolved using NaOH solvent. Through a neutralization process using glacial acetic acid, then evaporation of the solution was carried out to obtain human nail keratin. Sulfonated polysulfone composite membrane-human nail keratin was prepared in mass ratio of 3.5/0.5; 3.3/0.7; 3/1. Composite membranes were characterized by functional group analysis, XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), cation exchange capacity, degree of swelling and proton conductivity. Functional group analysis of sulfonated polysulfone-human nail keratin composite membranes showed interactions at peaks of 3000-3500 cm−1. The composite membrane has the highest cation exchange capacity, which is 2.02 meq/g on the composite membrane variation of 3/1. The greatest degree of swelling in the variation of 3/1 was 33.23%. The highest proton conductivity in the mass variation of 3/1 is 4.87 x 10−5 S/cm. The results of XRD analysis showed that the composite membrane synthesized by human nail keratin and sulfonated polysulfone had semicrystalline properties.
Greenbuilding and Building Strength: Concept and Evaluation (Case Study in Universitas Negeri Padang)
Authors: Syah Nurhasan , Haq S , Heldi
Published: October 2023

Buildings are a contributor to the use of energy on earth. This is a concern of the global community, so that it can be managed properly for the future. There are many regulations governing public buildings, but many buildings are designed not to comply with these rules. This study examines the implementation of the green building concept and measures the strength of the Universitas Negeri Padang building structure. The research sample is 5 buildings that are considered to have problems based on the category of building conditions. This research is an evaluation research with a mixed methods approach (qualitative and quantitative). The results showed that the implementation of the green building concept in the Universitas Negeri Padang building was not optimal and needed to be improved, especially in terms of low waste utilization and the lack of use of renewable energy sources and rainwater. Meanwhile, the strength of the concrete in the 5 buildings evaluated was above the average strength standards, and the buildings were eligible to be included in the criteria for environmentally friendly buildings. The results of this study contribute to improving the quality of the Universitas Negeri Padang building as a support towards a world class university and support sustainable development goals.
Effect of Land Cover Change and Deforestation Around Maninjau Lake on Rainfall and Surface Temperature
Authors: Safitri Ramadani , Marzuki Marzuki , Syafii Mohammad Ali
Published: October 2023

Fish deaths in Maninjau Lake have been frequently reported. Apart from fishery activities, this can also be caused by changes in atmospheric conditions around Lake Maninjau due to changes in land cover around Lake Maninjau. Therefore, this study analyzes land cover changes and deforestation in 2001 and 2020 and their relationships with surface temperature and rainfall. Rainfall data and extreme temperatures were obtained from the Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) and ECMWF v5 (ERA5), respectively. Land cover data based on the Landsat satellite is used to see land changes. The results showed a decrease in the amount of vegetated land every year and an increase in residential and building land and agricultural land, which correlates with an increase in the surface temperature in the Maninjau area. Furthermore, the results also show a coherent relationship between rainfall trends and areas of deforestation.
Analysis of The Susceptibility Value Dry Ink (Toner) From Raw Material Iron Sand Pasie Nan Tigo Beach and Rice Husk Biomass
Authors: Helmita  , Rifai Hamdi , Dwiridal Letmi
Published: October 2023

The competition engaged in manufacture of the dry ink industry (toner) is increasing, with many types of dry ink (toner) emerging from various brands. This makes each brand compete to try to create quality dry ink. However, this is not easy, because raw material for making dry ink is expensive and stickiness of dry ink on the paper can change if the material is modified. The dry ink in this study was made by modifying the raw materials using natural mineral magnetic (Fe3O4) from the iron sand of Pasie Nan Tigo beach, activated carbon from rice husks biomass, and organic polymer Acacia Senegal. Taking into account the mixture of three raw materials in made of dry ink (toner) will affect the characteristics of dry ink (toner), one of the characteristics affected is the large content of magnetic minerals (Fe3O4) in it, it is necessary to test the value of susceptibility in dry ink (toner) to see the amount of magnetic minerals that are still present in the dry ink after mixing. The tool used for testing magnetic susceptibility values here is Bartington Magnetic Susceptibility MS2B. The purpose of this study is to produce quality dry ink with good dry ink paste power (toner) with based the characteristics of the susceptibility value of the dryink (toner). This research method uses extraction and coprecipitation methods and emulsion polymerization methods to increase the strength of the stickiness dry ink (toner) on paper. The results of characterization obtained by range 11924.60 x 10−8m3/kg until 27916.97 x 10−8m3/kg.
The Effect of The Utilization of Gambier Processing Wastewater for Tannery with Variations of Alum and Tunjung on Physical Properties Test
Authors: Ardinal  , Sy Salmariza
Published: October 2023

The study involved variations in the percentage of alum and tunjung added as mordants, with percentages of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% used during the processing of wastewater from gambier. To evaluate the physical properties of tanned leather, the researchers followed the SNI 06-0463-1989-A. The findings indicated that using alum (aluminium sulfate) and tunjung (ferrous sulfate) as mordants affected the physical properties of tanned leather. Alum yielded better physical properties compared to tunjung, as evidenced by the higher tensile strength and flexural strength/elongation in the tanned leather treated with alum. The physical properties of tanned leather were found to be significantly influenced by the percentage of alum used, with higher percentages resulting in increased tensile strength and decreased flexural strength. The most effective treatment involved adding 2% alum, which suggests that combining gambier processing wastewater with alum can be a viable method for tanning leather. These findings demonstrate the potential for using alternative chemicals in leather tanning, which may offer benefits in terms of cost and environmental impact.
MATLAB GUI based code for acceleration analysis in learning of kinematics
Authors: Sari Delima Yanti , Ambiyar  , Nurdin Hendri , Purwantono
Published: October 2023

In this study, a code or computer program has been developed as an educational material for courses on kinematics. This code is expected to help the learning of kinematic which mostly uses analysis of velocity and acceleration graphically. By using this code, explanation of velocity and acceleration analysis can be performed by the code/computer program, instead of using the ruler and protractor manually. This eases the teacher and student in learning of kinematic. The code is written based on MATLAB. GUI (Graphical User Interface) is used to make this code as a user friendly kinematic learning media. The calculation of velocity and acceleration is performed based on the method of relative velocity and relative acceleration. This code provides tutorial of velocity and acceleration analysis which is displayed in the GUI screen. The animation of movement and its trajectory is also displayed. In this present research work, acceleration analysis on slider crank mechanism created by the code is presented. The results is compared with the theoritical calculation and the differences are less than 1%. Therefore, the code is considered acceptable and feasible to enrich the learning experience in kinematics.
The Influence of Spin Coating Speed on the Optical Properties of P3HT Thin Film
Authors: Zakaria Nabila Anis , Malik Syed Abdul
Published: October 2023

Spin coating technique has been widely used in the fabrication of thin films due to its ease of use, inexpensive processing cost and providing control over the thickness of the film. Various polymers have been used in fabricating spin-coated thin film and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is one of the prevalent polymers utilized due to its semiconducting properties and flexibility in processing. In this study, P3HT is deposited on pre-cleaned quartz glass by the method of spin coating. The spin coating speed is varied from 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 rpm and the optical properties of the films are characterized by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of P3HT designated absorption peaks in the range of 520 nm to 550 nm. It is shown that the absorbance of P3HT is decreased with every increment of the spinning speed. Thus revealing the dependency of P3HT thin films’ optical properties on spin coating speed.
Magnetic Mineral Consistency Analysis the main ingredients of cement and Rowmix materials with Magnetic Susceptibility Method using Bartington Magnetic Susceptibility Type B (MS2B)
Authors: Ningsih Ella Destari , Rifa’i Hamdi , Ratnawulan  , Ramli  , Wijaya Ike Evy , Fauzan
Published: October 2023

Cement has hydraulic properties (mixed with water) will form a bond and harden. Cement-making materials consist of the main ingredients (Limestone, Iron Sand, Silica, and Clay) which are the ingredients in the manufacture of Rowmix in the Rowmill. In the main ingredient there is a magnetic mineral content for the manufacture of Component Compoun. To see changes in magnetic minerals from the cement manufacturing process, it is necessary to analyze the consistency of the material until the initial manufacture. The purpose of this study was to determine the consistency of the magnetic mineral as the main ingredient of cement in the Rowmix manufacturing process. The research method used is rock magnetism using a Bartington Susceptibility Meter Type B (MS2B) which can measure based on mass and volume with 2 different frequencies, namely Low Frequency and High Frequency. This measurement uses 6 different samples, namely the main ingredients of cement (Limestone, Irond Sand, Silica, Clay) and Rowmix materials (Rowmix 1 (RX1) and Rowmix 2 (RX2). From these measurements, the susceptibility values obtained from the main ingredients including Limestone approx. 23.7 x 10−8 m3/kg - 46.6 x 10−8 m3/kg, Irond Sand ranged from 470 x 10−8 m3/kg - 1791.1 x 10−8 m3/kg, Clay ranged from 852.7 x 10−8 m3/kg - 986.4 x 10−8 m3/kg, Silica ranges from 148.2 x 10−8 m3/kg - 166.9 x 10−8 m3/kg, while in Rowmill I process (Rx1) around 133, 4 x 10−8 m3/kg - 180.3 x 10−8 m3/kg, Rowmill 2 (Rx2) 133.4 x 10−8 m3/kg - 244.2 x 10−8 m3/kg, Magnetic susceptibility values in the main material range from 1532 x 10−8 m3/kg up to 2838,6 x 10−8 m3/kg, while the value of Rowmix 1 (RX1) and Rowmill 2 (Rx2) is lower than the magnetic susceptibility value of the main ingredient.
Identification possible preserved 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami deposit collected from Pulot Village in Aceh Besar Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Mitaphonna R , Ramli M , Ismail N , Hartadi B S , Idris N
Published: October 2023

Identification of the tsunami candidate layers deposited by the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 has been successfully performed in Pulot Village, located in Leupung district, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province. Based on a study of tectonic activity before and after the earthquake, Pulot Village was reported as one of the potential locations for finding tsunami deposits. Tsunami sediment is collected by inserting a hand drill into the ground more than 1 m deep. The presence of the 2004 tsunami candidate layers was identified according to the Troels-Smith characteristics. Based on our visual analysis, the prospective tsunami layer is found at a depth of 4 cm with a thickness of 8-38 cm, which is characterized by fine-medium sized dark brown sand deposits on weathered paleo soil layers. The sharp boundaries with the layers above and below it and the presence of organic material (plant roots, stems and anthropogenic material) can also be clearly observed in the tsunami deposit layers. The candidate layer for the 2004 tsunami deposit found will be further studied geochemically using a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument.
Microstructure analysis of Fe3O4/Polypyrrole composite synthesized by Sol-Gel method
Authors: Ramli Ramli , Yulfriska Nidya , Darvina Yenni , Hidayat Rahmat , Jhora Fadhila Ulfa , Gusnedi
Published: October 2023

The composite is a material that is very important in inserting nanoparticles that act as fillers in a matrix. The filler used in this study is Fe3O4 and the matrix used as a polymer is Polypyrrole (PPy). This research aims to analyze the microstructure of Fe3O4
/PPy composite synthesized by sol-gel method. This research was conducted by varying the composition of Fe3O4:PPy including 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% w/w. The sample was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results of the FTIR characterization, it was found that the Fe3O4
/Polypyrrole has functional groups O-H, C≡C and C=C. The results of SEM characterization, the particle sizes of each variation composition of Fe3O4:PPy 30%, 40%, 50%, and 70% w/w are 3µm, 3.1µm, 4µm, and 4.5µm, respectively. Based on the results of the study, the greater the composition of the polypyrrole, the greater the particle size.
Validity of e-module integrated scientific literacy using the smartphone-assisted IBL model to improve student competence
Authors: Yulkifli Y , Risma M , Festiyed F , Azis H
Published: October 2023

Currently, the integration of digital technology into learning modules is an important factor in developing student competencies in the 21st century era. However, in reality the available modules have not utilized technology in their use, have not loaded and have not been integrated with learning models so that learning is not fully student-centered. Whereas learning models, integrated teaching materials and the use of technology are very important in improving student competence and learning independence. Based on this, this research was conducted to produce e-module physics integrated with scientific literacy using a valid inquiry based learning (IBL) model. The type of this research is R&D with Plomp model. The e-module validity test was carried out by three three validators. The instrument used is a validity test questionnaire. Furthermore, analysis of e-module validation results uses the Aiken’s V formula. The validation results show that the aspect of the validity of the substance of the material is 0.90; visual display 0.86; learning design 0.87; and 0.85 software utilization. Based on the data analysis, the average value of e-module validation is 0.87 with a valid category. Thus, the integrated physics e-module of scientific literacy using a smartphone-assisted IBL model can be applied in learning of physics to improve student competence.
The development of STEM integrated with local context and 21st century skills for teaching fluids for grade 12 science students
Authors: Chanrak Thaweeporn , Pimvichai Jirutthitikan
Published: October 2023

This article aimed to review, analyze and synthesize the literature related to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education and context-based learning, and 21st century skills. This is documentary research with selected documents related to STEM from the national and international contexts. The teaching steps from these literatures were analyzed by using content analysis. From the analysis, the STEM Integrated with Local Context and 21st Century Skills for teaching Fluids in physics for grade 12 students consisted of seven teaching steps (E2IDCEA): 1) Explore prior knowledge and determine the targeted context, 2) Identify the problem, 3) Investigate the problem and set hypotheses, 4) Design way to solve the problem, 5) Create prototype, test and improve, 6) Exchange knowledge and 7) Application and evaluation. These seven teaching steps were applied in designing a lesson plan for teaching the fluid topic in physics for grade 12 students. Science teachers can explore one example of lesson plan being shown in this paper for more understanding and further apply this new pedagogy into their physics classrooms or other assigned subjects.