bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical study for Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Softovac Liquifibre in the Management of Functional Constipation and Irregular Bowel Habits in Adults and Children
Authors: Mishra Umesh , Mundhe Narendra , Pande Shishir , Kapse Pradyna , Dubey Ruby , Tamoli Sanjay
Published: September 2024

Background and objectives:
Constipation is a common bowel dysfunction characterized by infrequent bowel movements. Though modern medical management are well established & safe, they may be habit forming, have potential few side effects & may not provide satisfying relief. The objective of this study was to the evaluate efficacy & safety of an Ayurvedic formulation Softovac Liquifiber in the management of Functional constipation & irregular bowel habits in adults and children.
Materials and methods:
The study was conducted in two cohorts, adults and children. The adult cohort comprised of two arms randomly allotted to either Softovac Liquifiber or control group (marketed liquid laxative preparation). A total of 64 participants completed the study in this cohort, 33 participants in Softovac Liquifiber group and 31 participants in the control group. Children cohort was a single arm non-comparative study with a total of 32 participants. Adult participants were asked to consume Softovac Liquifiber in a dose of 20 ml at bedtime while in the children cohort the dose was 5-10 ml at bedtime. The total duration of study product consumption was 14 days after which participants were followed further for 7 days without taking the study products. Evaluation of efficacy was done by assessing the frequency of bowel movements, consistency of stool on Bristol scale along with other symptoms associated with constipation.
Results:
A statistically significant improvement was observed in the frequency of bowel movement, softening of stool, reduction in straining on defecation & sensation of anorectal blockage and requirement of manual maneuvers with the use of Softovac Liquifibre. Results in the adult cohort were comparable between the two groups (non significant difference). Significant improvement in frequency and softening of stool was observed in children along with reduction in symptoms of constipation. No adverse effects were observed and no significant changes were observed in laboratory related safety parameters.
Conclusion:
The study concludes that Softovac Liquifibre was significantly effective in increasing frequency of bowel movements, softening of stool, reducing straining on defecation, sensation of anorectal blockage and requirement of manual maneuvers in adults and children suffering from functional constipation and irregular bowel habit. Symptoms of functional constipation did not recur after stoppage of Softovac Liquifiber both in adults as well as in children suggesting non-habit-forming nature of Softovac Liquifibre.
Impact of standard and long-lasting ivermectin formulations in cattle and buffalo on wild Anopheles survival on Sumba Island, Indonesia
Authors: Kobylinski Kevin C. , Satoto Tri B. T. , Nurcahyo Wisnu , Nugraheni Yudi Ratna , Testamenti Vincentius A. , Winata I Putu B. A. , Pono Yosua L. , Timoria Diana , Assawasuwannakit Piyanan , Chambers Mary , Baird J. Kevin , Tarning Joel , von Seidlein Lorenz , Bøgh Claus
Published: September 2024

The mosquito-lethal effect of commercially available standard and long-lasting ivermectin formulations were evaluated in cattle and buffalo against wild-caught Anopheles on Sumba Island, Indonesia. Cattle have substantially higher blood-level concentrations of ivermectin compared to buffalo after receiving similar doses, irrespectively of formulation. In total, nine Anopheles species were captured to assess the mosquito-lethal effects of ivermectin with susceptibility ranked from lowest to highest: An. flavirostris < An. aconitus < An. annularis < An. tessellatus < An. maculatus < An. sundaicus < An. vagus < An. kochi < An. barbirostris. The duration of mosquito-lethal effect of long-lasting ivermectin was superior to standard ivermectin and in cattle it well exceeded the WHO criteria for new endectocides having a mortality hazard ratio greater than 4 through 30 days after administration. Buffalo may require higher doses of long-lasting ivermectin to achieve similar mosquito-lethal effects observed in cattle. Of the four hosts evaluated buffalo were the most attractive to Anopheles followed by cattle then horse and finally humans. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the superiority of a commercially available long-lasting ivermectin formulation for the potential deployment of mass ivermectin treatment of livestock as a vector control tool for malaria elimination in Southeast Asia.
A Unified Detection Framework for Ransomware Using Safeguarded Diffusion Models
Authors: Whittle Safronia , Iglesias Darius , Delarosa Leah , Yasin Cameron
Published: September 2024

Ransomware continues to pose an evolving threat to digital infrastructures, necessitating the development of advanced detection mechanisms capable of addressing both known and novel attack vectors. This research explores the application of diffusion models—traditionally used for generative tasks—for detecting ransomware attacks through anomaly detection. The proposed framework integrates safeguarding techniques to protect the diffusion model against adversarial threats, ensuring robust detection of ransomware even in dynamic and large-scale network environments. Experimental results demonstrate that the diffusion model outperforms traditional signature-based and anomaly-based methods in terms of accuracy, false-positive rates, and detection latency, while maintaining efficiency across different network scales. The framework's effectiveness in real-time ransomware detection, coupled with its scalability, highlights its potential for deployment in diverse cybersecurity environments. Despite its successes, challenges such as distinguishing between benign anomalies and ransomware behaviour and optimising scalability remain. This research contributes to advancing the use of machine learning in ransomware detection and sets the stage for future exploration of adaptive security frameworks.
Adaptation and validation of a scale for quality standards measures in hospital blood bank: A pilot study
Authors: Shomah Marwa I. , El-Gilany A. , Mashaly Mervat , Elshaer Mohammed , Sadeq Mona , El-Mashad N.
Published: September 2024

Context: Applying quality standards in hospital blood banks helps to determine how the blood bank operates to meet the requirements of technical specifications with the requirements of national and international blood bank programs with accurate results and ensuring the safety and effectiveness of blood products for patients.
Aims: This study aims to measure the psychometric properties (content validity and reliability) of the “Scale” as newly adapted measure to assess the quality standards in the blood bank in hospitals.
Settings and Design: A pilot cross-section validation study conducted during the period from March to July 2023.
Methods and Material: This study included seven of experts as jury to assess the content validity of the scale. The thirteen blood bank personnel were included in the pilot testing of the reliability of it.
Statistical analysis used: The content validity index was calculated at the item level
(I-CVI), expert level (E-CVI) and scale level (S-CVI). Cronbach's alpha was calculated to measure the internal consistency between items of each domain and the total scale.
Results: Global I-CVI ranged between 0.85 and 1.0, S-CVIs was more than 0.90 and E-CVI ranged between 0.79 and 1.0. The internal consistency for personnel domain was with Cronbach’s α = 0.61 and 0.80.
Conclusions: The scales for place and processes are valid, and that for personnel is valid and reliable. The newly modified scale with three domains including 76 items can be used to measure and monitor the performance and quality standards in the hospital blood bank.
The Coaches’ Eye: A Randomized Repeated-Measure Observational Study Assessing Coaches’ Perception of Velocity Loss during Resistance Training Exercises.
Authors: Iacono Antonio Dello , Henry Scott , Ben-Ari Asaf , Halperin Israel , Carey Laura
Published: September 2024

Background: Resistance training (RT) coaches regularly instruct their trainees to terminate a set based on their estimation that repetition velocity has dropped beyond a certain threshold, aligning with the concept of velocity loss in the velocity-based training (VBT) method. However, this ability has never been studied. Here, we assess the accuracy of RT coaches in estimating the repetition velocity loss of trainees.
Methods: Twenty RT coaches participated in a single experimental session in which they observed videos of two trainees completing sets of the barbell bench press and barbell back squat exercises, using three loads (45%, 65%, and 85% of 1 repetition-maximum [1RM]), and recorded from two views (front and side). We asked them to estimate when repetitions exceeded two velocity loss thresholds (20% and 40%). We examined whether velocity loss threshold, load, view, mental fatigue, and gaze strategy influenced estimation accuracy. We compared outcomes using a negative binomial generalized mixed-effects model.
Results: The average absolute accuracy error across all conditions was 2.6 repetitions, with errors ranging from 1 to 5 repetitions. Coaches improved their accuracy (negative estimates indicate reduced error) when estimating higher velocity loss threshold (40% vs 20%; −1.8, 95%CI [−2.3, −1.3]), using heavier loads (−0.8, 95%CI [−1.5, −0.1]) for 65% 1RM, and −3, 95%CI [−3.4, −2.6] for 85% 1RM compared to 45% 1RM), and employing a bar tracking gaze strategy compared to a no-bar strategy (−1.7, 95%CI [−2.7, −0.4]). These findings were consistent across both points of view, with mental fatigue having a negligible impact.
Conclusions: While coaches perceive velocity loss with some degree of accuracy, their error rates vary depending on the velocity loss threshold, load, and gaze strategy used. Coaches should consider these error rates with their specific RT goals when using perceived velocity loss in practice.
An interpretable covariate compartmental model for predicting the spatio-temporal patterns of dengue in Sri Lanka
Authors: Liu Yichao , Fransson Peter , Heidecke Julian , Liyanage Prasad , Wallin Jonas , Rocklöv Joacim
Published: September 2024

A majority of all infectious diseases manifest some climate-sensitivity. However, many of those sensitivities are not well understood as meteorological drivers of infectious diseases co-occur with other drivers exhibiting complex non-linear influences and feedback, making it hard to dissect their individual contributions. Here we apply a novel deep learning XAI compartment model with covariate drivers and dynamic feedback to predict and explain the dengue incidence across Sri Lanka. We compare a compartmental SEIR model to a deep learning model without a compartmental structure. We find the covariate compartmental hybrid model performs better and can describe drivers of the dengue spatiotemporal incidence over time. The strongest drivers in our model in order of importance are precipitation, socio-demographics, and normalized vegetation index. The novel method demonstrated can be used to leverage known infectious disease dynamics while accounting for the influence of other drivers and different population immunity contexts. The novel approach allows interpretations of the covariate influences and bridges the gap between dynamical compartmental and data driven dynamical models.
General quantum-classical dynamics as measurement based feedback
Authors: Tilloy Antoine
Published: September 2024

This note derives the stochastic differential equations and partial differential equation of general hybrid quantum–classical dynamics from the theory of continuous measurement and general (non-Markovian) feedback. The advantage of this approach is an explicit parameterization, without additional positivity constraints. The construction also neatly separates the different effects: how the quantum influences the classical and how the classical influences the quantum. This modular presentation gives a better intuition of what to expect from hybrid dynamics, especially when used to construct possibly fundamental theories.
EVOLVING MASCULINITY: A STUDY OF BODY POSITIVITY IN MEN
Authors: Kaushik Manvi
Published: September 2024

If we are to understand why it is so rare and what the future holds, the topic of body positivity in males has evolved into a complex one that requires discussion. Men frequently encounter irrational expectations that result in body dissatisfaction and a low sense of self- worth in todays society, when media representations of the ideal male form and gender stereotypes predominate. The medias depiction of the ideal male body, which is characterized by muscular proportions and low body fat, is a major reason man are not positive about their bodies. These restrictive rules put pressure on men to conform, which can cause body dissatisfaction and a decrease in self- esteem. Furthermore, the traditional gender roles of men and women indicate the idea that men should be portrayed as strong, stoic, and emotionally controlled, which discourages open conversations about body image issues and the need for assistance. The psychological and mental toll it takes on a person can cause various issues in men, both physically and mentally. It may be caused by constant pressure to meet these standards. Feelings of inadequacy and dissatisfaction can also be a contributing factor. It can lead to chronic problems in life. The most important part of maintaining a healthy state of mind is managing these body image concerns. In men, theres a lot of ways to support positive body image. Through education and awareness programs, these programs challenge harmful beauty norms and promote positive body image. Resources and workshops to help men reject outdated ideas and accepting body positivity need to be provided by schools, organizations, and communities. Its critical that we dismantle obstacles when it comes to mens body image. The secret to building an environment where guys can talk about their issues and receive assistance without fear of judgment is to have open dialogues about topics like how they feel about their bodies and mental health. Social media can also be a useful tool for promoting campaigns that celebrate the diversity of peoples bodies and for sharing fascinating tales that people can relate to.
ANCIENT ROOTS TO MODERN SOCIETY: INDIAS SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION
Authors:   Assistant Professor Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University Barabanki, Lucknow., Sharma Pallavi
Published: September 2024

Indias social transformation is a journey marked by the interplay of ancient traditions and modern influences. This paper explores the evolution of Indias social fabric from its early Vedic roots to its current standing as a dynamic and diverse society. The analysis delves into the enduring impact of religious, cultural, and philosophical traditions on contemporary social structures, highlighting how these ancient legacies have shaped the modern Indian ethos. By examining key historical milestones, such as the contribution of empires, colonialism, and the independence movement, the study reveals the complex ways in which India has navigated the challenges of modernity while preserving its rich heritage. The discussion also addresses the ongoing struggles and adaptations within Indian society, including caste dynamics, gender roles, and the quest for social equity, emphasizing the continuous process of negotiation between tradition and modernity. Through this exploration, the paper aims to provide a nuanced understanding of Indias social transformation, underscoring the nations ability to adapt and innovate while remaining rooted in its ancient cultural wisdom.Indias social transformation encompasses changes in various societal aspects, including institutions, structure, culture, and philosophy. The goals of social transformation in India are evolutionary in strategy but revolutionary in content. Leaders of the Indian independence movement understood that social structure, history, and tradition form the foundation of society, setting the parameters for social reform plans, objectives, and methods.
EFFECT OF AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING AND STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN GEOGRAPHY SUBJECT IN DAY SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN RWANDA
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Curriculum Study, Mount Kenya University Rwanda., Pascasie Nyirangoboka , Opiyo Andala PhD Hesbon ,   Lecturer, Department of Curriculum Study, Mount Kenya University Rwanda.
Published: September 2024

The research investigated the influence of audio-visual aids in teaching and learning on students academic performance in geography subjects: a case study of public secondary schools in the Gasabo area of Rwanda.This study is important to the government of Rwanda and other educational stakeholdershe total population of respondents is equal to 388, and it was composed of 165 geography teachers who were sampled as 84 teachers, 23 headteachers, and 200 students who were sampled as 101 respondents. To triangulate the data, primary sources were acquired utilizing questionnaires, interviews, and observation methods. To generate a sample population from the respondents, this study employed purposive, stratified, and simple random sampling methods. In data gathering and analysis, the study used both quantitative and qualitative methodologies in tandem. Content analysis aided qualitative data analysis, while quantitative data was presented using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlational and regression analysis) in the statistical package for social sciences. The finding indicates that there was relationship between audio-visual aids in teaching and learning and students academic performance in geography the findings suggest that enhancing physical facilities can improve student outcomes and were positively and statistically correlated since most of their level of significance was more than 0.05 in association with girls retention rates in public secondary schools in Gasabo District, Rwanda.
COMPARISON OF DIGITAL AND CONVENTIONAL IMPRESSION TECHNIQUES IN TERMS OF COMFORT, TIME AND ACCURACY IN CHILDREN AGED 7 TO 9 YEARS -A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: S. Naik Shilpa , Mehrotra Deepshikha , R. Gorule Mayuri , Shetty Divya , R. Kodical Sanjana , Jasmin Winnier J.
Published: September 2024

Background: Alginate impression material, a commonly used hydrocolloid in dentistry, offers accurate and cost-effective molds suitable for various applications, including study models and diagnostic casts. However, the advent of digital impression technology has transformed the field, moving from traditional alginate and silicone molds to precise digital scans. Aim: To compare digital and conventional impression techniques in terms of comfort, time and accuracy in children aged 7 to 9 years. Design: 50 children based on inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups:Group 1(alginate impression ) Group 2 (digital impression iScan Pro intraoral scanner) .For each method, comfort levels, the time taken, and accuracy were assessed. The Mann-Whitney U Test was used for statistical analysis, and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Digital impressions took less time (p<0.001) compared to conventional impressions. However, there was no significant difference in comfort levels and accuracy between the twogroups . Conclusion: Digital impression required less time when compared to alginate impression method., but there was no difference in terms of comfort and accuracy in measurements.
CRAFTING A SUSTAINABLE TEXTILE INDUSTRY: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FROM FIBRE TO FABRICS
Authors:   Assistant Professor Kousali Institute of Management Studies Karnatak University Dharwad., Hongal Pushpa , Kshirsagar IFS. Yashpal ,   Field Director Bhadra Tiger Reserve Chikkamagaluru.
Published: September 2024

The textile industry is a major global sector, playing a crucial role in economic development, especially in countries like India. However, the industrys resource-intensive processes and pollution create significant environmental challenges(Gopalakrishnan, 2018). The textile industry in India is a blend of traditional craftsmanship and modern industrialization. It remains a vital sector for the Indian economy, providing employment to millions and contributing significantly to export earnings This paper explores the TOWS Matrix of the textile industry, highlighting the connections between the Textile Industry, Environment, and Sustainability (TIES). It examines the industrys environmental impact, the evolution of sustainable practices, and the future directions for achieving sustainable growth.Byanalysing the TOWS Matrix, the paper identifies how the textile industrys strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats relate to environmental sustainability. It delves into the industrys current environmental impact, including the depletion of natural resources, water pollution, and carbon emissions. The paper also traces the development of sustainable practices within the industry, such as the adoption of organic fibres, energy-efficient technologies, and waste management strategies.Looking forward, the paper emphasize s the importance of integrating traditional knowledge with modern technology to drive the textile industry toward more sustainable practices. By doing so, the industry can achieve a balance between economic growth and environmental stewardship. The paper argues that this integration is essential for transitioning the textile industry to a more sustainable future, ensuring that it continues to contribute to economic development while minimizing its environmental footprint.
Mathematical modeling of osmotic membrane bioreactor process for oily wastewater treatment
Authors: Mohammed Hadeer Kadhim , Al-Alawy Ahmed Faiq , Abbas Talib Rashid , Al-Mosawi Ali I. , Salih Miqat Hasan
Published: September 2024

To evaluate the disposal effluent from the Al-Daura refinery in Iraq, which comprises oily wastewater, a mathematical model has been developed for both forward osmosis (FO) and osmotic membrane bioreactor (OsMBR). The procedure is explained mathematically, accounting for both the concentration and polarization aspects. As a result of mathematical modeling, the water flux was determined by the osmotic pressure, the concentration, and the polarization of the feed and draw solutions. Based on traditional methods of predicting water flux using external and internal concentration polarizations, it is determined that water flux will occur in the first model (Model-1). To increase the accuracy of Model-1, the resistivity (K) of the solute has been modified to be independent of the diffusivity of the solute. The old model (Model-1) and the updated model (Model-2) overestimated water flux by 17 and 25%, respectively. It was possible to make a valid comparison between the experiment and theory based on the results of both experiments.
CRIANÇAS E ANIMAIS DE ESTIMAÇÃO
Authors: Sieiro Fernandes Renata , Fernandes Picoli Laysa
Published: September 2024

O objetivo deste estudo exploratório é analisar a importância da presença e da interação entre crianças e animais para o aprendizado das emoções, especialmente, a empatia. O referencial de ancoragem baseia-se em Wallon, Latour, Montagu, Gazzana e Lima, entre outros. Metodologicamente, é uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo estudo exploratório, de cunho bibliográfico-documental, sendo descritiva e analítica quanto aos objetivos. A técnica e os procedimentos para a construção de dados são o levantamento e seleção de produções culturais e artísticas, imagéticas, com representações de personagens infantis e seus animais de estimação de espécies variadas, em contextos urbanos e rurais, em histórias em quadrinhos (HQ) e tiras, nacionais e internacionais disponíveis na internet. Os dados dão pistas de que a interação entre crianças e animais de estimação promove a socialização e facilita o aprendizado das emoções, especialmente da empatia, responsabilidade, valorização da vida dos seres humanos e dos muitos seres nos diferentes meios da natureza.
PROJETO CASULO E A EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL NO MUNICÍPIO DE JURUTI - PARÁ
Authors: Neves Lira Gecenilda , Maia da Costa Lucélida de Fátima
Published: September 2024

O artigo “Projeto Casulo e a Educação Infantil no Município de Juruti” objetiva investigar as influências deste para a Educação Infantil do Município. Utilizou como bases teóricas as DCNEI para Educação Infantil, e como principais referências os autores: KUHLMANN Jr; ROSEMBERG; KRAMER; OLIVEIRA; entre outros. A pesquisa qualitativa utilizou a metodologia descritiva e contou com a participação de pais de ex-alunos, ex-professores, atuais professores e atual gestão das escolas. utilizou para a coleta de dados os documentos, entrevistas, relatórios institucionais e documentos escolares. A pesquisa foi realizada Casulo Bom Pastor, salientando contribuições para a consolidação da Educação Infantil no Município.  Observou-se que o Projeto Casulo se deu diferente de outros Municípios. Conclui-se que as mudanças ocorridas no campo da Educação Infantil vieram a partir da compreensão das concepções de criança. sendo que a prática pedagógica hoje desenvolvida valoriza as vivências e experiências do cotidiano das crianças.
Nadar a contracorriente
Authors: Saldívar-Moreno Antonio , Espinoza Tenorio Alejandro , Mondragón-Ríos Rodolfo , Muñoz-Ray Alicia , Fernández-Rivera Melo Francisco , Velázquez Miriam , Oliveto-Andrade Alma , Ehuan-Noh Romana Gabriela
Published: September 2024

Los complejos retos que afronta la pesca en pequeña escala constituyen un caso revelador de la crisis del modelo neoliberal; por un lado, esta pesca es una fuente primordial de alimento, cultura, trabajo y bienestar para muchas familias y, por otro, su transición al manejo sostenible depende de involucrar a las juventudes como agentes de cambio. Con base en la
metodología de comunidades de aprendizaje-comunidades de vida, se efectuaron cuatro encuentros regionales en los que participaron hombres y mujeres jóvenes vinculados a las diversas actividades pesqueras, para reflexionar de modo colectivo acerca de la manera en que sobrellevan las problemáticas —comúnmente invisibilizadas— que sufren en la pesca. Se encontró que la juventud involucrada en la pesca afronta un panorama ambiental desolador, ha heredado desafíos socioeconómicos estructurales irresueltos y carece de reconocimiento en las políticas sectoriales. Para ellos y ellas, el riesgo de colapso de la actividad es inminente. La superación de esta situación requiere de generaciones de hombres y mujeres resilientes, con conocimientos y habilidades para preservar la pesca ante escenarios cambiantes y construir un futuro equitativo para las comunidades pesqueras.
Biological Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds of Selaginella plana in Treating Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Singh Neeru , Singh Lubhan , Kumar Sokindra , Pandey Rupesh Kumar
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

The study is aimed to assess the plant bioactive compounds of Selaginella
plana in treating diabetic neuropathy. The plant components were assessed using ethanol as
the solvent.

Method:

A phytochemical screening was conducted to ascertain the existence of secondary metabolites
in the plant extracts. The efficacy of plant extract against neuropathic pain was determined
using plantar test and Von Frey filament stimulation. Biochemical tests were performed to
determine the level of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, HDL, CHO, LDL, Creatinine and Urea. The percentage
yield of ethanol and aqueous extract was 19.22 g and 15.76 g, respectively.

Result:

The ethanolic extract showed presence of most of the phytoconstituents like alkaloids,
flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins, phytosterols, glycosides, proteins, and gum. Thus, ethanolic
extract was used for further studies. In contrast to disease induced rats, rats given the extract
chronically had a considerably shorter hind paw withdrawal latency. In STZ-induced diabetic
rats, the mechanical withdrawal threshold dramatically reduced mechanical allodynia after 7 days
by a dose of 400 mg/kg.

Conclusion:

The major findings of the study demonstrated that STZ-induced diabetic rats administered
leaf extract had reduced neuropathic pain. It can be concluded that S. plana may be used
as an alternative drug in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.
PERONEAL NERVE PALSY
Authors: Meria Vely Eva , Kurniawan Shahdevi Nandar
Published: September 2024

Peroneal nerve palsy is a disorder caused by interference with the peroneal nerve. Usually, a drop foot is seen in patients who have peroneal nerve palsy. Basically, the causes of peroneal nerve palsy are multifactorial. Trauma, compression of the nerve, systemic disease, ischemia, and idiopathy are factors that cause peroneal nerve palsy. Management of peroneal nerve palsy can be done non-operatively or operatively, depending on the cause and severity.
GUILLAIN-BARRÉ SYNDROME
Authors: Putri Gyang Hanandita Gusti , Yasmin Nectarine Natasya Regitta , Kurniawan Shahdevi Nandar
Published: September 2024

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an infection-preceded autoimmune disease attacking myelin sheath of neurons through molecular mimicry, causing neuron demyelination and conduction disruption. GBS is classified into four subtypes: Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating (AIDP), Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN), Acute Motor Sensory Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN), and Miller Fisher Syndrome. It affects spinal radix which resulted in polyneuropathy, showing mainly symptoms of ascending paresis of the extremity and areflexia. Cerebrospinal fluid evaluation is essential to distinguish GBS from its vast differential diagnosis, with main finding of albuminocytologic dissociation. GBS needs to be managed as fast as possible with intravenous immunoglobulin administration or fresh frozen plasma exchange due to its fast progression.
NECK PAIN IN MOVEMENT DISORDERS: BURDEN OF CERVICAL DYSTONIA
Authors: Raisa Neila
Published: September 2024

Cervical dystonia (CD) is a form of focal dystonia clinically manifesting as sustained or intermittent contractions of the neck muscles, resulting in abnormal movements, repetitive postures, or both, often leading to pain in most patients. This condition not only impacts patients' mobility, self-care, and daily activities but also presents with sensory and cognitive changes, contributing significantly to disability and social isolation. Despite being the most common type of focal dystonia with an incidence of 4.98/100,000 in Europe, CD is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, leading to delays in appropriate treatment. This paper explores the epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, and assessment of pain in CD, highlighting the challenges in diagnosing this condition due to its similarity to other movement disorders.
A GLOBAL SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF HERPES ENCEPHALITIS RESEARCH IN THE LAST 50 YEARS
Authors: Yildirim İrem , Alkan Sevil
Published: September 2024

Background: Herpes encephalitis is the most common of all encephalitis worldwide and has the highest mortality rate. The aim of this study is to review articles on this topic in order to provide a guide for future herpes encephalitis studies to assess current publishing trends and hotspots on herpes encephalitis research globally. Objective: People have been affected by the herpes virus for many years, but advances in supportive care and antiviral drugs have only recently made it possible for doctors to treat the most severe types of infections. To the authors' knowledge, however, no bibliometric analysis has been done to rate Herpes encephalitis research. In order to enhance research in this area, this study used a bibliometric analysis to assess current publishing trends and hotspots on herpes encephalitis research globally. Methods: The Web of Science database was searched for pertinent publications between January 1970 and December 2021. The research points, comprising publishing countries, affiliations, first authors, cited authors, cited references, and their clustering, as well as keyword co-occurence, were analyzed using VosViewer to identify research trends and hotspots. Results: The results of this study's search methodology revealed that between 1970 and 2021, 2138 documents. Only articles (n=1223) were included the study. 89.37% of the articles were written in English. The first article published in 1970 and most of the articles published in the years 1982, 1988, 2007, 2016, and 2017. The United States of America (USA) (29.109%), England (9.076%), France (7.441%), Japan (7.359%) and Germany (7.032) were the other top ranked countries. The most citation numbers were recorded in the year 2021. Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis outlined the general overview for Herpes encephalitis research and offered insightful guidance for continuing investigations.
CASE STUDY OF A TARLOV CYST IN A SYRIAN PATIENT
Authors: Salman Hala , Kharma Leen , Khammash Farah , Murad Musab , Alquobaili Faizeh
Published: September 2024

Tarlov cyst is a rare disease that affects the nervous system, which is a vesicle filled with spinal cord fluid, the cyst surrounding the nerve are fluid-filled sacs that greatly affect the nerve root and are detected by magnetic resonance in some cases the bag expands and put pressure on the affected nerve root. Several treatment methods have been used, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods such as cortisone injections and surgery. As a result of the multiplicity of information about Tarlov’s cyst disease, a questionnaire was conducted for the project to prove the views of its being a rare disease and to find out the extent of awareness in society in differentiating between symptoms associated with Tarlov’s cyst and other neurological diseases, we found that 86.4% of people who contributed in our questionnaire were not able to identify the disease, so we found its important to study the Tarlov cyst case that was diagnosed in 2019 which belongs to a 20-year-old girl. X-ray and MRI were used to diagnose Tarlov's Cyst after one year of the first visit to the doctor. After treating the cyst with muscle relaxants and cortisone for one year the pain persisted and surgery was carried out in 2021. Late diagnosis is common and the degree of knowledge of the disease is low even among medical practitioners. Therefore, we concluded that awareness must be spread through increased research and scientific seminars to introduce it, especially with regard to the medical branches.
A RARE CAUSE OF ENCEPHALOPATHY IN CHILDREN: PRES SYNDROME
Authors: Tosun Demet , Akçay Nihal , Oğur Mustafa , Şevketoplu Esra
Published: September 2024

Background: Major clinical symptoms of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome include headache, mental status changes, visual disturbances, seizures, especially in the posterior cerebral region, and radiographic findings of vasogenic edema, especially in the posterior cerebellar region. Case Report: We present our 6-year-old patient with chronic renal failure. admitted to our pediatric emergency department with an acute hypertensive crisis. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures and mental status changes were accompanied in the follow-up of the patient whose GCS was 11; With symptomatic treatment, regression in both clinical complaints and imaging findings of our patient is consistent with Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Conclusion: It is imperative to consider PRES syndrome as a differential diagnosis when pediatric patients exhibit symptoms of acute encephalopathy. It is crucial to emphasize the critical nature of early diagnosis and treatment, as well as the potential for complete recovery without sequelae.
THE EFFECT OF HIGH-INTENSITY FOCUSED ELECTRO-MAGNETIC (HIFEM) THERAPY ON URINARY INCONTINENCE
Authors: Daryanto Besut , Kustono Andri , Negara Edvin Prawira
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Urinary incontinence (UI) is an involuntary leakage of urine, regardless of the amount or frequency, which alters physical, emotional, and social well-being and quality of life. The therapy currently being studied is magnetic stimulation (MS) has been used to stimulate the pelvic floor muscles. It is based on Faraday's law of magnetic induction, where a changing magnetic field over time induces electrical activity that depolarizes nerves and causes contraction of the pelvic floor muscles. However, the research on the effect of High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic is still minimal, especially in Indonesia, so its effectiveness in overcoming UI in Indonesia is still doubtful. Method: This study used a prospective cohort design where patients were followed for one month. Patients were followed from when they were first diagnosed until the therapy was completed and evaluated. The variables in this study were as follows: pre and post International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Overactive Bladder Syndrome Score (OABSS), Barhal index, and progress of patient complaints from the first therapy. Result: This research was conducted for 6 sessions, and significant results were obtained in sessions 1, 4, 5, and 6. From this data, we conclude that the HIFEM therapy had a significant effect from session 4. Furthermore, we found a significant therapeutic effect between sessions 4 and 6, but not between sessions 4 and 5. There was also a significant therapeutic effect between sessions 5 and 6. Conclusion: HIFEM can improve incontinence and OAB complaints. HIFEM works to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles.
EFFECT OF BALINESE FLUTE INSTRUMENT FOR IMPROVING COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN ELDERLY
Authors: Laksmidewi Putri , Tertia Clarissa , Indah Carolin Tiara Lestari , Suherlim Richard , Arshinta Lasta , Mahadewi Ni Putu Ayu Putri
Published: September 2024

Background: Cognitive impairment is mostly affected the elderly population which reduces the quality of life for sufferers and their families. The last research showed that listening to Balinese flute instrument music increased cognitive function, especially in the memory domain. However, the study is still limited to small populations. Objective: to determine whether playing the Balinese flute with or without listening to the "Morning Happiness" song affects the cognitive function of elderly. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on healthy geriatric patients above 55 years old with controlled risk factors or no history of any chronic conditions which were divided into 2 groups. The "Morning Happiness" song will be played with Balinese flute instrument in both groups whereas the intervention will add to listen to similar songs. Results: 28 subjects in the intervention group and 20 subjects in the control group. Both groups were comprised of typical gender distribution with an average of 65.08±6.41 years old. Both the intervention and control groups had improved in MoCA-Ina (The Indonesian Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment) scores, but the intervention group gained a better Z-score (-3.193, p-value 0.001) than the control group (-1.466, p-value 0.143) after procedural. The delayed recall domain also showed significant improvement in both groups with a Z-score of -3.241 (p-value 0.001) in control and -2.30 (p-value 0.026) in intervention group respectively. Interestingly, the attention domain is improved in the control group with a Z-score of -2.142 (p-value 0.032) rather than in intervention group. Conclusion: The overall MoCa-Ina score was significantly higher in interventional subjects than control, specifically in the delayed recall domain.
THE CORRELATION OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION TO BRAIN GYM IN THE ELDERLY
Authors: Rianawati Sri Budhi , Harahap Herpan Syafii , Raisa Neila , Setianto Catur Ari , Nikmahtustsani Mulika Ade Fitria , Maliga Helnida Anggun
Published: September 2024

Background: A decline in cognitive function is often considered normal in the elderly, but the advanced stages of cognitive decline can decrease the ability to perform functional activities. Brain gym is one of the physical activity therapies that is proven to improve cognitive function. The purpose of this study is to know the effect of brain gym on cognitive function. Objective: This study aims to determine the correlation of cognitive function to brain gym in elderly. Methods: This is a queasy experimental study in 70 respondent with a pre and post-test group design. The subjects were elderly who were examined with Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesian (MoCA-Ina) and Visual Reproduction Test (VRT) on the first day and given brain gym 13 times, which was done 2 times in 1 week and re-examined MoCA-Ina and VRT after the intervention. Results: The research results show improvement in the MoCA-Ina and VRT pre and post-examinations after being given intervention. In the MoCA-INA examination, the mean score of the pretest was 23.30 and the mean score of the post-test was 24.50, while in the VRT examination, the mean score of the pretest was 10.08, and the post-test mean score was 10.83. However, there was no significant difference between MoCA-Ina or VRT in pre- and post-interventional brain gym (p>0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between cognitive function which is marked by an increase in the results of Moca INA and VRT with brain gym in the elderly at Balearjosari Malang
PROFILE OF DYSPHAGIA IN ACUTE STROKE PATIENTS
Authors: Rakhmatiar Rodhiyan , Dwirima Wahyu
Published: September 2024

Background: Stroke has been a leading cause of mortality and disability since 2013, and its incidence continues to rise. Dysphagia is a common complication following stroke, contributing to increased rates of aspiration, pneumonia, and prolonged hospital stays for stroke patients. Objective: This study aims to investigate the profile and distribution of acute stroke patients experiencing dysphagia who are admitted to RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar in East Java. Methods: The assessment was conducted on acute stroke patients with compos mentis consciousness in the Stroke Unit from July to September 2023, using the GUSS (Gugging Swallowing Screen) questionnaire. The assessment categories included no dysphagia (20), mild dysphagia (15-19), moderate dysphagia (10-14), and severe dysphagia (0-9). Results: Data collected during the period from July to September 2023 yielded a total of 35 samples. Based on gender, there were 22 male patients (62.9%) and 13 female patients (37.1%). Regarding age distribution, 15 patients fell into the productive age range (20 to 59 years), while 20 patients were over 60 years old. The majority of cases were ischemic strokes, with 25 patients, and 10 patients had hemorrhagic strokes. Dysphagia assessment using the GUSS method on the 35 samples revealed 2 samples with GUSS scores of 12 and 14 (moderate) and 1 sample with a score of 18 (mild). Conclusion: The profile and distribution of acute stroke patients experiencing dysphagia were identified, including gender, age, type of stroke, and GUSS scores in acute stroke patients in the stroke unit with Compos Mentis consciousness.
PHOTOBIOMODULATION ON MUSCLE STRENGTH AND FATIGUE IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Santos Heber , Santos Yasmim , Ribeiro Bianca , Artioli Dérrick , Buzanello Márcia , Bertolini Gladson Ricardo Flor
Published: September 2024

Background: Photobiomodulation plays an important role in modulating the inflammatory process, accelerating tissue repair, which can be beneficial in cases such as multiple sclerosis. Objective: To carry out a literature review about effectiveness of photobiomodulation on muscle strength and fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Methods: The databases included were PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus and LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature). Also the gray literature: Google Scholar, LIVIVO (ZB MED Search Portal for Life Sciences), Open Grey and Library of Thesis and Dissertations CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior). The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool, Rob 2, and the data was extracted and assessed by blinded reviewers. Results: Initially 7302 records were found, 7102 in the main databases and 200 in the gray literature. After removing duplicates, 4217 studies were left for Phase 1 and 10 for Phase 2. Finally, 3 randomized clinical trials were included in this review. Conclusion: The studies included risk of bias in this review was predominantly low. PBM proved to be effective in improving muscle strength, but not fatigue. However, the number of human clinical trials is still too few for a more conclusive analysis.
PSEUDOBULBAR AFFECT AND COGNITIVE DECLINE POST SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Yusari I Gusti Agung Ayu Andra , Laksmidewi Anak Agung Ayu Putri
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Pseudobulbar affect is described as episodes of laughing or crying that occur suddenly and uncontrollably without appropriate stimulation. Pseudobulbar affect is often preceded by various neurological disorders, one of which is a history of severe head injury. Case Report: Female, 21 years old, experienced sudden frequent laughing for no apparent reason and could not be controlled. This has been happening after she suffered a severe head injury, which was a subarachnoid hemorrhage, about two years ago. She was diagnosed with pseudobulbar affect according to Cummings criteria and confirmed by Center for Neurologic Study – Lability Scale (CNS-LS) questionnaire with a score of 19. The patient also complained of forgetting things, therefore a cognitive function was examined with Indonesian Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina) with a score of 14 which indicated moderate cognitive impairment. Discussion: Pseudobulbar affect post traumatic brain injury is suspected to be caused by decreased inhibition of sensory cortex transmission to the motor cortex and limbic system leading to disturbances in the cerebellum and decreased threshold for emotional expression. Pseudobulbar affect may coexist with impaired cognitive function due to the intersection of the anatomical structure of cognitive function with pathways that regulate emotion. Conclusion: Pseudobulbar affect with cognitive impairment creates a burden and interferes the patient’s quality of life. It is necessary for health workers to be able to identify the clinical manifestations of pseudobulbar affect as a complication after traumatic brain injury, therefore optimal management for the patients can be achieved.
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS WITH FEATURES OF ACUTE PONS INFARCTION: A RARE CASE REPORT
Authors: Dewi Ni Luh Diah Kencana , Arimbawa I Komang , Pratiwi Ni Made Dwita
Published: September 2024

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease at neuromuscular synaptic transmission. The clinical sign of a myasthenia gravis is the presence of weakness that affects vision (ocular), bulbar and proximal skeletal muscles and also myasthenia gravis can resemble vascular disorders or any infectious diseases. Case: A 48-year-old Balinese male patient came to the emergency department of Prof I.G.N.G Ngoerah Central General Hospital complaining of shortness of breath. Shortness of breath is said to have occurred since one month ago. Shortness of breath improves slightly when the patient rests. Another complaint felt by the patient is that the right eyelid drops, especially during the daytime, will improve in the afternoon. The patient denied any weight loss or a history of malignancy. The patient about three months ago had fallen from a motorcycle and felt numbness in his right cheek until now. The patient has been undergoing treatment at the District General Hospital and he was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis and took Mestinon. CT scan of the head showed an acute infarction of the left pons accompanied by a suspicion of acute meningoencephalitis. Discussion: From the results of the RNS (Repetitive nerve stimulation) in this patient, it was found that the neuromuscular junction lesion was supportive of the description of the myasthenia gravis case. Conclusion: Myasthenia gravis is a disease of the nervous system with various manifestations. Good clinical examination and supporting examination are very necessary to confirm the diagnosis.