bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Raman spectroscopic study of benign and malignant ovarian tissues
Authors: Fan Lingyun , Wang Huan , Wu Xia , Wang Shuanghui , Han Yimin , Wang Jing
Published: March 2022

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common female tumors all over the world, and its mortality rate ranks first among gynecological malignancies. A progressive assessment, diagnosis and remedy are significant for the proper management of the disease process. In this paper, a prompt, non-invasive and highly effective screening test for ovarian cancer was developed based on the Raman spectroscopy (RS) data of fresh ovarian tissues. Raman spectral measurements were performed on fresh ovarian tissue samples from 17 ovarian cancer patients and 14 benign ovarian tumors. We preliminarily identified the Raman peaks in the measured ovarian tissue spectra and summarized their respective characteristic peaks, indicating that specific biomolecules changed among different groups, and their differences were analyzed. The conclusions suggested that the position of the characteristic peaks of Raman spectrum of the ovarian cancer tissues and benign ovarian tissues were different. The relative intensity of ovarian cancer tissue was higher than that of benign ovarian tissue at the 1004, 1155, 1446 cm−1 with phenylalanine, protein and lipids as characteristic peaks, and the difference were significant (P < 0.05). This exploratory work demonstrates that RS may be used as a detection method for screening benign and malignant ovarian tumors.
Perspectives on photobiomodulation and combined light-based therapies for rehabilitation of patients after COVID-19 recovery
Authors: Dias Lucas D , Blanco Kate C , de Faria Clara M G , Dozza Cristine , Zanchin Elissandra M , Paolillo Fernanda R , Zampieri Kely , Laurenti Karen C , Souza Karina J O , Bruno Juliana S A , Sene-Fiorese Marcela , Pinto Maria C C , Tamae Patrícia E , Bello Liciane T , Lizarelli Rosane F Z , Panhoca Vitor H , de Aquino Júnior Antonio E , Bagnato Vanderlei S
Published: March 2022

The post-COVID-19 condition or ‘long COVID’ is a clinical and scientific challenge for society. In this regard, patients after COVID-19 recovery show a vast range of sequels including muscular, articular lesions, neurological, dermatological, and pulmonary issues. These clinical consequences are issues in the present and for the future. In this case, rehabilitation therapies based on photobiomodulation and combined therapies arise as excellent tools to solve it. Herein, we describe and discuss the perspectives on the use of light-based therapies such as photobiomodulation, photodynamic therapy and combined vacuum and laser therapy for rehabilitation of patients who present some sequelae of the COVID-19 infection. We did not intend to produce a comprehensive review; instead we highlight the most important and clinical protocols against these sequels. Moreover, the principles and mechanism of action of each light-based technique proposed were reported and discussed.
Insertion mechanics of amorphous SiC ultra-micro scale neural probes
Authors: Geramifard Negar , Dousti Behnoush , Nguyen Christopher , Abbott Justin , Cogan Stuart F , Varner Victor D
Published: March 2022

Objective. Trauma induced by the insertion of microelectrodes into cortical neural tissue is a significant problem. Further, micromotion and mechanical mismatch between microelectrode probes and neural tissue is implicated in an adverse foreign body response (FBR). Hence, intracortical ultra-microelectrode probes have been proposed as alternatives that minimize this FBR. However, significant challenges in implanting these flexible probes remain. We investigated the insertion mechanics of amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC) probes with a view to defining probe geometries that can be inserted into cortex without buckling. Approach. We determined the critical buckling force of a-SiC probes as a function of probe geometry and then characterized the buckling behavior of these probes by measuring force–displacement responses during insertion into agarose gel and rat cortex. Main results. Insertion forces for a range of probe geometries were determined and compared with critical buckling forces to establish geometries that should avoid buckling during implantation into brain. The studies show that slower insertion speeds reduce the maximum insertion force for single-shank probes but increase cortical dimpling during insertion of multi-shank probes. Significance. Our results provide a guide for selecting probe geometries and insertion speeds that allow unaided implantation of probes into rat cortex. The design approach is applicable to other animal models where insertion of intracortical probes to a depth of 2 mm is required.
IV Smart NanoMaterials: Advances, Innovation and Applications (SNAIA) Hybrid Online – Onsite Conference
Authors: Baldycheva A. , Berseneva E.
Published: March 2022

École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, ParisTech, France

7-10 December 2021

Smart nanomaterials are the basis of diverse emerging applications, including wearable and printed electronics, flexible optoelectronics, CMOS photonics, quantum computing, smart coatings and thin films. This collection focuses on the most recent scientific and technological advances, innovations and new practical applications of novel smart nanomaterials presented at the 4th Smart Nanomaterials Conference, SNAIA 2021. It covers topics ranging from advances in the most critical aspects in chemistry and material fabrication of nanomaterials, to the engineering of prototype devices and systems.

List of Scientific Committee, Organising Committee, Editorial Board, Plenary Speakers, Keynote Speakers and Invited Speakers are available in this pdf.
Novel Hybrid anapole state and non-Huygens’ transparent metasurfaces
Authors: Shalin A S , Kuznetsov A V , Bobrovs V , Canós Valero A
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this work is to study of the optical properties of metasurfaces consisting of cylindrical metaatoms in the recently discovered hybrid anapole state. With the help of such metasurfaces, it was possible to obtain completely invisible metasurfaces based on new principles that is an alternative branch of development to the already known Huygens’ metasurfaces. This research might be helpful for the development of modern ultra-compact photonic devices based on new effects.
Optical sensing of organic solvents vapor with lead halide perovskite nanowire lasers on one-dimensional polymer nanograting
Authors: Markina D.I. , Pushkarev A.P. , Makarov S.V.
Published: March 2022

Timely detection of organic solvent vapors at their low concentrations is an urgent problem of the chemical industry. Various optical applications attempt to solve it, facing the challenges of low sensitivity and costly high-tech production. This work presents the design of the sensitive optical detector based on the CsPbBr3 perovskite nanowire (NW) laser deposited on a polystyrene (PS) periodic structure responsive to organic solvent presence. Molecules of solvents are effectively absorbed by PS nanograting leading to the reshaping of the last. Enlargement of the PS nanograting acting as a substrate for CsPbBr3 nanolaser causes a change in the effective refractive index of the medium under perovskite cavity. High-quality lasing modes of the perovskite cavity respond to this change via undergoing the spectral shift. Numerical modeling reveals the sufficient redshift of 0.15 nm in response to the 5 nm increase of PS nanograting ridges. We show that the sensitivity of lasing mode depends on its order which strongly correlates with the field confinement. These results might be useful for further progress in perovskite-based optical gas sensing.
Characterization of optical and nonlinear properties of individual GaP nanowires using optical tweezers
Authors: Bolshakov Alexey D. , Shishkin Ivan , Machnev Andrey , Petrov Mikhail I. , Kirilenko Demid , Fedorov Vladimir V. , Mukhin Ivan S. , Ginzburg Pavel
Published: March 2022

Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) offer multiple advantages for designing novel optoelectronic devices, such as small footprint, high quantum efficiency, high nonlinear susceptibility. Gallium phosphide (GaP) is one of the attractive materials owing to its low optical absorption and high nonlinear susceptibility. However NWs should be transferred to planar substrates for optical studies, which do not allow efficient signal outcoupling. We demonstrate efficient second harmonic generation in individual GaP nanowires trapped using optical tweezers. Such vertically arranged configuration of NW allows to both efficiently generate second harmonic and to probe linear optical response using broadband light source. Such experiment allows to examine interplay between harmonic generation efficiency and NW dimensions.
Enhanced strong coupling of WSe2 monolayer by Bound State in the continuum
Authors: Al-Ani Ibrahim A. M. , As’Ham Khalil , Huang Lujun , Miroshnichenko Andrey E. , Hattori Haroldo T.
Published: March 2022

Due to the large binding energy and direct bandgap, transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) monolayers have been considered a perfect platform for realising strong coupling at room temperature. It is well established that the quality factor (Q-factor) plays a crucial role in enhancing strong coupling. In this work, we demonstrate the improved strong coupling between the exciton of the WSe2 monolayer and the high Q cavity resonance based on symmetry protected magnetic dipole (MD) bound state in the continuum (BIC). We have found that the Rabi-splitting of the strongly coupled system could be largely enhanced by adjusting the location of the TMDC monolayer, increasing the Q-factor, and reducing the grating thickness. After carefully adjusting the three critical parameters, a Rabi-splitting as high as 38 meV was achieved limited by the oscillator strength of the WSe2 monolayer. Our system could be considered an excellent platform to realise ultra-thin polaritonic devices.
A novel technique for an alignment-insensitive density calibration of Thomson scattering diagnostics developed at W7-X
Authors: Fuchert G. , Nelde P. , Pasch E. , Beurskens M.N.A. , Bozhenkov S.A. , Brunner K.J. , Meineke J. , Scott E.R. , Wolf R.C.
Published: March 2022

In most laboratory setups in plasma physics, including magnetic-confinement experiments for fusion research, laser-based Thomson scattering allows for absolutely calibrated density measurements without input from other diagnostics and with high spatial resolution. A common issue is the alignment stability of either the laser beam or the observation optics. Frequent recalibrations are typically required. This is a challenge in particular for larger fusion experiments; while beam paths tend to get longer, the access for alignment and calibration gets more restricted. Therefore, simple, fast and robust calibration methods are required. A novel calibration technique has been developed at W7-X to account for alignment variations in the calibration procedure. This will decrease the pulse-to-pulse variations significantly and allow for a longer time duration before a recalibration becomes necessary. By monitoring the beam position accurately, it could be shown that misalignment leads to deterministic and reproducible changes in the measured density. The introduced density errors can be corrected for by monitoring the laser beam for every individual laser pulse. In the last experimental campaign, this has been done retrospectively by introducing parallel shifts to the laser beam path in order to show the feasibility of this method. It could be demonstrated that the impact of introduced shifts on the electron density can be successfully corrected for. For future campaigns, the beam alignment will intentionally be varied during the absolute calibration in order to cover the full range of expected beam positions. During the actual experiments, the beam positions will be monitored likewise and each density profile will be evaluated with the most suitable calibration factor. While probably not needed for W7-X, vibrations of the observation optics could be included in the same way.
Investigation of a SiPM-GGAG:Ce,B scintillator detector for environmental gamma radiation monitoring
Authors: Srivastava S. , Mitra P. , Singh S.K. , Tyagi M. , Kumar A.V. , Topkar A.
Published: March 2022

A study of a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) coupled with a
GGAG:Ce,B scintillator detector for environmental gamma radiation
monitoring is presented in this paper. FLUKA based Monte Carlo
simulations were carried out for the optimization of scintillator
material and geometry for this application. Based on the simulation
study, the dimensions of GGAG:Ce,B scintillator crystal were
finalized and the scintillator was prepared. The detector was
assembled by optically coupling to a commercially available
SiPM. The analog output pulses of the SiPM were amplified by a
voltage sensitive amplifier and subsequently counted using a
microcontroller. The linearity of the detector response with gamma
dose rate was verified using 137Cs standard gamma source. The
radiation response of the detector for different gamma energies was
investigated using standard 137Cs, 241Am and 60Co
sources. The variation of detector sensitivity with SiPM overvoltage
was measured for choosing an optimal overvoltage for the SiPM
operation. The experimentally observed response of the
SiPM-GGAG:Ce,B detector was very linear in the measurement range of
3.5–300 μGy/h with a sensitivity of
2.44 cps/μGy/h. The gamma response study of the detector
confirm the suitability of the developed detector for making a
compact and low power gamma monitor for environmental gamma
radiation monitoring network.
Evidence of horizontal urban heat advection in London using six years of data from a citizen weather station network
Authors: Brousse O , Simpson C , Walker N , Fenner D , Meier F , Taylor J , Heaviside C
Published: March 2022

Recent advances in citizen weather station (CWS) networks, with data accessible via crowd-sourcing, provide relevant climatic information to urban scientists and decision makers. In particular, CWS can provide long-term measurements of urban heat and valuable information on spatio-temporal heterogeneity related to horizontal heat advection. In this study, we make the first compilation of a quasi-climatologic dataset covering six years (2015–2020) of hourly near-surface air temperature measurements obtained via 1560 suitable CWS in a domain covering south-east England and Greater London. We investigated the spatio-temporal distribution of urban heat and the influences of local environments on climate, captured by CWS through the scope of Local Climate Zones (LCZ)—a land-use land-cover classification specifically designed for urban climate studies. We further calculate, for the first time, the amount of advected heat captured by CWS located in Greater London and the wider south east England region. We find that London is on average warmer by about 1.0 ∘C–1.5 ∘C than the rest of south-east England. Characteristics of the southern coastal climate are also captured in the analysis. We find that on average, urban heat advection (UHA) contributes to 0.22 ± 0.96 ∘C of the total urban heat in Greater London. Certain areas, mostly in the centre of London are deprived of urban heat through advection since heat is transferred more to downwind suburban areas. UHA can positively contribute to urban heat by up to 1.57 ∘C, on average and negatively by down to −1.21 ∘C. Our results also show an important degree of inter- and intra-LCZ variability in UHA, calling for more research in the future. Nevertheless, we already find that UHA can impact green areas and reduce their cooling benefit. Such outcomes show the added value of CWS when considering future urban design.
Utilization of ceramic waste powder and rice husk ash as a partial replacement of cement in concrete
Authors: Nalli Bhaskara Rao , Vysyaraju Prudhviraju
Published: March 2022

Ceramic waste powder (CWP) and rice husk ash (RHA) are one of the highly produced waste materials from tiles industry and rice processing units respectively. Using these materials in concrete as a part replacement for cement offers several advantages like reducing the burden on landfills, reducing the construction cost by replacing costly cement and improvement in performance of concrete etc. due to their mineral composition. In the current study, an effort was made to partly replace the cement with CWP and RHA. Concrete design mix was carried out by using 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% CWP and varied proportions of RHA were tried on the optimum CWP for cement replacement (0, 5, 10, 15, 20%). Tests were carried out on the fresh and hardened concrete specimens to study the mechanical properties of concrete. Analysis of the test results indicate that 15% CWP yielded best results and 10-15% RHA in combine proportion was found to be the optimum replacement of cement offering higher strength when assessed to the conventional concrete. Maximum compressive strength achieved at 15% CWP and 15% RHA whereas, the flexural strength and split tensile strength were attained at 15% CWP and 10% RHA dosage.
Sustainable concrete pavements for low volume roads-Scientometric analysis of the literature
Authors: Siva Rama Krishna U , Tadi Chiranjeevi
Published: March 2022

Developing countries like India invest huge amounts of money for the construction and maintenance of different roads which includes all types of roads. In this research paper a critical review of literature on sustainable pavements for low volume roads was made using sustainable materials for paving Ultra-thin white topping concrete overlays sustainable new pavements like Pervious concrete pavements, Roller compacted concrete pavements, Cell filled concrete pavements, Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) Pavement and additional discussion on energy harvesting pavements done. Ultra-thin white topping concrete overlay has better-proven performance but interface bond strength is very critical to resist shear stresses which cause debonding of composite concrete layers. The porous cement or bituminous concrete helps to recharge the groundwater reducing the heat islands and makes nature eco-friendly but on the other hand clogging effect can retain the water in the pavement and causes failure of the pavement. Roller compacted concrete pavement, Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) Pavement and cell-filled concrete pavements are good in terms of performance disadvantages are less. The Indian standard code should be developed to implement energy harvesting pavements that help to produce electrical energy which meets the need of society. Further Scientometric analysis of sustainable concrete pavements for low volume roads done using VOS viewer software and the database of research work from Dimensions software. From the research gap in keyword occurrences on this topic, it is observed that rice husk ash, recycled aggregate, aluminum dross and fatigue, modulus of elasticity has a wide gap indicating further research on the combination of these key words make sustainable concrete pavements further discussed regarding high impact research papers published, similarly countries were discussed in detail.
Experimental study on self-compacting concrete with replacement of coarse aggregate by light expanded clay aggregate
Authors: Vaishnava Kumar R. , Tejaswini N. , Madhavi Y. , Chari Kanneganti Jyothishya Brahma
Published: March 2022

The present study deals with fresh and hardened concrete properties of self-compacting concrete while carrying several trial mixes with a variety of water binder ratio and super-plasticizer content and finally achieved a trail mix with satisfying the flow properties as slump flow, V-funnel, and L-box test apparatus values are obtained within the limits of European guidelines. This study was carried out on the properties of Lightweight self-compacting concrete (LWSCC) with a binder content of 517 Kg/m3. In the achieved proportion of the final trail mix, the coarse aggregate will be replaced by Light Expanded Clay Aggregate (LECA) by varying the different percentages of coarse aggregate as 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% by volume replacement. The fresh concrete properties are determined, and the values were found in considerable range as per European guidelines by performing slump flow, V-funnel, and L-Box tests for various proportions (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) of LECA aggregates by replacing normal coarse aggregates. The hardened concrete properties are determined by performing Compressive strength, split tensile strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and rebound hammer tests after curing specimens for 7 days and 28 days. Results indicate that LECA replacement in SCC up to 30% gives fair results in split tensile & compressive strength. NDT results show values are gradually decreasing with an increase in LECA proportion. Beyond 30% of LECA replacement in SCC gives results of split tensile, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and rebound hammer tests which are not inconsiderable range.
Laboratory investigations on properties of Nanosilica Pervious concrete
Authors: Tarangini D , Sravana P , Srinivasa Rao P
Published: March 2022

Porous concrete also called as no fines concrete has become more and acceptable construction and low-traffic road applications. It can be used to prevent flooding in parking lots and pavements, as well as with other materials. The resilience of porous pavement surface is the major issue. Physical properties, cement matrix, particle distribution, binder ratio, admixtures, and water absorption are all important factors. The current research focuses on the compressive, tensile splitting, and flexure strengths of porous concrete with a total aggregate to cement(TA/C) ratio of 3.5:1 and a w/b ratio of 0.34 and 0.30. The test findings reveal that the inclusion of Nano silica has a considerable impact on possessions of porous mix of concrete. The maximum strength in compression achieved was over 40Mpa. Tensile strength ranges between 2.02 MPa to 3.99 MPa. The coefficient of permeability also ranges from 3.24 to 5.65 mm/s. The R2 value for 28,90 and 180 day age of pervious concrete mix is 0.9176, 0.8651 and 0.838 respectively. For higher compressive strength, water permeability was shown to be compromised.
Evaluation of Strength Properties of the Concrete Prepared from Class F Fly Ash
Authors: Kanta Rao M , Ch Naga Satish Kumar
Published: March 2022

Cement is a hazardous and expensive material that is used in the production of concrete, where the cost of the concrete is minimized by replacing the cement with similar cementitious materials. According to the report of the national thermal power corporation, the production of fly ash is rising each year as a result of increasing demand for electricity. In this research paper, an attempt has been done by replacing cement with fly ash as an alternative material. The concrete samples are prepared with different compositions by using different percentages (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%) of fly ash. In this research, the behaviour of the fly ash concrete is investigated by different strength-related properties; compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength at various curing time periods of 7, 28, 56, 90, and 180 days. In the experimental section, the developed fly ash concrete obtained maximum compressive strength of 83.50N / mm
2, a flexural strength of 6.60N / mm
2 and a splitting tensile strength of 4.90N / mm
2 on the 180th day in the composition of 450kg/m
3 and 0.4W/B ratio. Percentage gain of compressive, split tensile and flexural tests for 450 kg/m3 at 0.4 W/B ratio at 180 days curing is 13%, 9% and 13% with 30% fly ash replacement when compared to 350 kg/m3 binder content. Proportional increase of cement content also leads to increase fly ash content in concrete. Fly ash has potential of filling pores because of having finer particles and performs pozzolanic action which resulted in attaining high strength even after optimum replacement when compared to conventional concrete.
Study on Properties of Geopolymer Concrete using Hybrid Fibres
Authors: Pavan Kumar CH , Ravali N. V. N. , Sutradhar Rumpa , Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy S.
Published: March 2022

Due to the ongoing loss of the ozone layer and the issue of global warming, the building industry has recently become increasingly cognizant of the importance of employing more environmentally friendly construction materials. Geopolymer concrete (GPC) has started to draw considerable interest from scholars, researchers, and construction practitioners because of its benefits in replacing cement with by-product waste and reducing greenhouse gas emissions during production. It also outperforms traditional concrete in terms of mechanical qualities and endurance. Despite its benefits, GPC is only used in a limited number of applications.

This paper describes the various proportions of fly ash (100%, 90%, 85%, 80%) and bagasse ash (10%, 15%, 20%) based geo-polymer concrete. For the making of concrete, fly ash having low-calcium (Class F) is substituted for Ordinary Portland cement (OPC)as the raw material. According to earlier research, adding bagasse ash to Geopolymer concrete reduces its strength by more than 10%. The effects of strength and durability parameters were studied using silica fume (5%) and hybrid fibres (1%), and the findings revealed that GPC has increased durability and strength with the addition of silica fume and hybrid fibres. This GPC has mechanical and durability properties equivalent to OPC concrete. GPC is not only good for the environment, but it also has outstanding mechanical properties. In the future, it might be a very useful material.
Impact of Carbon di-oxide Curing on Basalt Rock Fibre Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Pachipala Sravani , Somavarapu Mohan Kumar
Published: March 2022

Concrete is the fundamental element in the construction activity which advancement enhances the durability properties. To achieve the strength of concrete within short time various curing techniques are available. One such curing technique is exposing concrete to carbon dioxide gas. Carbon dioxide gas is the abundantly released gas from the industries which pollutes the environment & also a main reason for the greenhouse effect. By utilizing carbon dioxide gas in construction activities, environmental pollution can be minimized. This study is about the investigation of mechanical properties of basalt fibre reinforced concrete subjected to conventional and carbon dioxide curing methods. Specimens are prepared of M25 grade concrete with 0, 1, 2, and 3, 4 Kg/m3 basalt fibres. Compressive strength and split tensile strength tests are performed to specimens after 28 days of conventional curing and 2.5 hours of carbon dioxide curing.
Geopolymer Aggregate Concrete: A review from fundamentals to developments
Authors: Krishna Bhavani Siram K , Sathyan Dhanya
Published: March 2022

Aggregates hold almost three-fourths volume of concrete. The tremendous increase in the growth rate of constructions has further accelerated the demand of aggregates. The utilization of aggregates to satisfy the demand has led to the inadequacy of aggregates. A unique method of developing non-conventional aggregates as a substitute of conventional coarse aggregates can be the justification of the issue. Meanwhile, considerable amount of fly ash produced from thermal power plants is disposed in landfills and ponds, creating hazard to the nature. Researchers have focused in utilizing fly ash to produce aggregates through the process of pelletization. Geopolymerization parameters such as Na2O content, slope and speed of disc pelletizer influence the properties of fly ash based pelletized aggregates. The compressive strength of geopolymer aggregate concrete depicted a higher value than concrete with conventional aggregates. The objective of this paper is to present the factors affecting the production of geopolymer aggregate concrete and the properties of these novel aggregate concrete.
An Experimental Study on Ternary Blended Fibre Reinforced concrete with Basalt Fibre and Steel Fibre
Authors: Pavan B. , Nagaraju Avari , Reddy Suda V.B.
Published: March 2022

Concrete is a popular building material because of its great compressive strength, durability, and availability of sub-components. The strain at fracture and tensile strength of normal concrete are extremely poor. Simple concrete usually contains multiple micro-cracks and fails due to a lack of tensile strength under continuous loading conditions. Concrete is strengthened with fibres to increase tensile and flexure strength. Fibre-reinforced concrete’s primary function is to monitor cracking and thus provide some post-cracking ductility. The aim is to compare the performance of fibres on the mechanical properties of M30 grade concrete and to find the optimal fibre concentration. Fibres are added by 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% in concrete. Ternary blended concrete was considered in the study. Cement is partially replaced by GGBS with 30% and Dolomite powder 10% respectively. The study took in to account the replacement to reduce the CO2 emission while also conserving natural resources. Total 8 mixes are prepared with fibre proportions. Different concrete specimens such as cubes, cylinders and beams are prepared with different proportions of fibres. Prepared concrete specimens were tested at 3, 7& 28days. The inclusion of fibres resulted in significant improvements in compression, flexure, and split tensile strength in experimental test results.
The Use of Recycled Aggregates on Mechanical Properties of Concrete: A Review
Authors: panda S. , Jena T.
Published: March 2022

A number of studies on the mechanical characteristics, durability, and structural performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) have been conducted. The implementation of the use of recycled aggregate in construction activities has been approved in developed European countries, as well as several other countries. We all know that concrete is the most common building material stuff from all across the world as well as concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world, and that it is employed in almost every form of civil engineering project. Engineering is a useful skill. As a group, they account for roughly 70-80 percent of the total components made of concrete. As a result, recycling aggregate for construction purposes will benefit both the environment and the construction industry. A study has been conducted in this paper based on previous studies conducted by many experts and their findings have been examined.
Effect of waste copper slag as a substitute in cement and concrete-a review
Authors: Chaitanya Bypaneni Krishna , Kumar Ilango Siva
Published: March 2022

Copper slag is a by-product of the copper ore purification process that is produced at various stages. Copper slag is widely utilized as an abrasive, as well as a construction ingredient in the manufacturing of concrete and paving materials. Despite, the giant quantities of waste copper slag results in landfilling issues. Landfilling of waste copper slag convert the land into unfertile soil and as result creates environmental problems. Therefore, the waste copper slag may be used as an alternative material in producing sustainable construction materials that lead to both economical and environmental benefits. Most of the studies observed that up to 15% by using the weight of copper slag as Portland cement replacement improves in stress due to declining capillary porosity related to hydrated lime and 40–50% and 40–60% (by weight of sand) of copper slag can be used as a substitute for fine aggregates and coarse combination concrete is improvement in strength. This paper summarizes the use of waste copper slag in producing concrete as aggregate and as a partial replacement to cement. Furthermore, the effect of waste copper slag on the mechanical, durability and the effect of elevated temperatures on the properties of concrete are presented.
Effect of Curing Regime on Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Verma N K , Rao M C , Kumar S
Published: March 2022

Advancement of reasonable development materials has been the focal point of exploration globally in recent times. Considering the current scenario, finding options in contrast to Ordinary Portland concrete (OPC) is of incredible importance as a result of high CO2 emission during its production. Accordingly, supplementary material was acquainted as alternative to cement for concrete production. Utilisation of fly ash is eco-accommodating and furthermore saves cement cost. It is wealthy in silicate and alumina and it responds with alkaline solution to produce alumina silicate gel which helps in fastening the concrete ingredients. The fly ash based geo polymer offers better protection from the forceful condition and elevated temperature than the ordinary cement. Some factors like NaOH Molarity, NaOH/Na2SiO3 percentage assume a fundamental element in the development of the geopolymerization reaction became concept of. The investigation on the fly ash based geo polymer profoundly did in the present work, besides the impact of elevated temperature and time are not exceptionally recorded in the available literature. In this study the effect of curing temperature and curing time on the compressive strength (3, 7 and 28 days) of GPC at a constant molarity of NaOH and alkaline solution ratio and compare with controlled concrete. In the present work 10 molars of NaOH and 1:1.5 alkaline solution ratio was considered by varying curing temperature 60°, 90° and 120° C and 24, 48 and 72 hours of curing time. M30 grade concrete mix with the equivalent GPC is developed. From the experimental results, it was found that compressive strength was effected by curing temperature and curing time at 3, 7 and 28 days and maximum compressive strength i.e., 53.46 MPa was obtained at higher curing temperature (120° C) and lower curing time (24 hrs). Also, when compared with control concrete, the compressive strength is higher for GPC was observed.
Application of Remote Sensing, GIS, and Drainage Morphometric Analysis in Groundwater potential Assessment for sustainable development in Iyenda River Catchment, Konso Zone, Rift Valley, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Jothimani Muralitharan , Abebe Abel , Berhanu Gosaye
Published: March 2022

The present study employed remote sensing data, GIS technologies, and drainage morphometric analysis to assess groundwater potential for sustainable development in the Iyenada River Catchment, Rift Valley, Southern Ethiopia. A 30 m spatial resolution Shuttle Radar Topographic Mapper (SRTM) digital elevation model and toposheets were used to demarcate the present study area’s watershed boundary and extract drainage network in Arc GIS software environment. The current study area was divided into eight watersheds, namely WS-1, WS-2, WS-3, WS-4, WS-5, WS-6, WS-7, and WS-8, and the total areal extend is 497.70 Sqkm. The standard formula was used to determine the necessary linear, relief, and spatial morphometric parameters. According to the present investigation results, the current study region includes undulating topography with slopes ranging from 0° to 52°. The groundwater occurrence is inversely proportional to the following morphometric parameter values: stream frequency, drainage texture, drainage density, bifurcation ratio, and form factor; the lower the values, the more significant groundwater occurrence. The groundwater occurrence is directly proportional to the morphometric parameters: compactness coefficient, elongation ratio, circularity ratio, and length of overland flow. The present study areas’ watersheds were prioritized using compound parameter analysis, which combined the mentioned-above morphometric parameters for each watershed. Compound factor values ranging between 3.78 to 5.11 and same was classified into three categories, and priorities were assigned 3.780 - 4.11 (high), 4.12 - 4.78 (medium), and 4.79 - 5.11 (low). The watersheds (WS-2 and WS-4) need immediate attention to minimize the surface runoff and enhance groundwater recharge. The results show that WS-7 having high and WS-1, WS-3, WS-5, WS-6, and WS-8 have medium groundwater potential. Watersheds with poor groundwater potential demand additional thorough research and remedial procedures, including implementing appropriate recharge systems. The current study demonstrates the effective use of remote sensing, GIS, and drainage morphometry in assessing groundwater potential.
Energy Recovery Analysis of Perungudi landfill Waste of Chennai, Tamilnadu
Authors: Senthil M.S. , Suresh E.S.M.
Published: March 2022

From this study, the quantity, composition, and energy content of waste material in Perungudi dump yard of Chennai, Tamilnadu, India were examined. Based upon the past waste generation data from the documentary evidence and field data was used to predict the quantity of waste generated in future. This study reviews the potential uses of solid wastes generated at the perungudi dump yard as a sustainable energy source. Physical properties of waste sample like specific gravity (Sg), moisture content (MC), dry density, particle size distribution and unit weight of MSW are analyzed using ASTM guidelines. Proximate analysis (For Physical Characteristics) and Ultimate analysis (For elemental Analysis) were analysed in its ash content, volatile matter (Vm) and fixed carbon (Fc). The net calorific energy stored in solid waste was determined using empirical analysis. The element content like carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) value in the solid wastes are derived from standard value of material and this values was substituted into the “Modified Dulong’s” equation to determine the energy content (GCV) of solid waste. Final estimation of energy output was arrived using Gross Calorific Value (GCV) and Net Calorific Value (NCV).
Stability analysis of Contiguous pile
Authors: Sruthi Madhuri M , Panduranga Rao B
Published: March 2022

Nowadays in modern construction, large-scale structures with greater heights that need deeper excavation are more popular. At present, the new structures from residential buildings to commercial complexes are keen on adopting basement floors for more underground utilities. These new structures with the need for basements are going for deeper excavation close to the existing buildings surrounding the proposed site of construction. In this case, understanding the behavior of soil profile based on load-bearing capacity, settlement, density, and angle of friction are important to safeguard the adjacent structures from being damaged. Very often deep excavations are supported by pile wall systems. In the literature, it appeared that pile walls are analyzed and designed for active and passive earth pressures. Recent investigations paved the way for my research to consider and implement the contiguous piles based on soil-structure interaction to eradicate soil sliding from the adjacent large buildings during the process of deeper excavation at the worksite. In the present study, the pile is analyzed by considering active and passive earth pressures using Rankine’s theory and Brinch Hansen’s technique respectively. Together with passive earth pressure, horizontal subgrade modulus is also considered using Trezaghi’s concept. With these forces, the stability of the pile is analyzed using the STAAD. Pro software. For parametric study three different pile diameters of 0.45m, 0.6m and 0.9m are considered. Deflections, shear force, and bending moment of the pile are computed. It is inferred that 0.9m diameter pile wall is stable for the given loadings.
Study on use of chemically stabilized native expansive soil as cohesive non-swelling material
Authors: Kethavathu Venkata Naga Laxma Naik , Avineni Thanusree , Chigurupati Sudharani
Published: March 2022

The growing infrastructural need requires extensive construction activities in various parts of the world. The problems posed by the expansive soils have caught the attention of the academia and industry at several work sites. Several remedies were suggested by various researchers like replacement of soils, physical, hydraulic & chemical modification of the local problematic soils, inclusion of cushion materials and other reinforcing materials etc. Among the various methods, inclusion of cushion materials under the foundations seemed to be economical and simple. Availability of cohesive non-swelling (CNS) materials to be used as a cushion at some work sites could not be very easy. This study utilizes the local expansive material stabilized with chemical and industrial wastes to prepare a suitable CNS material. Model tank studies with varied thickness of the CNS cushion prepared from this study was placed on the expansive soil were performed to find the efficacy of the CNS material in arresting the heave of the expansive soil. Four cycles of wetting and drying was carried out to check the stability of CNS materials under continuous swelling and shrinking. Results obtained from the model test results indicate that the CNS material prepared from the native expansive soil seem to be an effective CNS material that arrests considerable amount of heave when the thickness of the native CNS material was half of the soil thickness.
Study on Vertical Piles Batter Piles and Pile Groups Under Uplift Load Conditions in Non-Cohesive Sub-soil
Authors: Yadu Laxmikant , Bajaj Pankaj , Premjani Renu
Published: March 2022

Model study was carried out in the laboratory to know the effect of uplift loads on vertical piles, batter piles and pile groups. Mild steel piles having 22 mm outer diameter and 1 mm thickness were considered for the study. Different slenderness ratios of 18, 28, and 38 and various angles such as 0°, 15°, 25°, 35°, and 45° were considered for the study. Sand was poured at a fixed relative density in the mild steel tank. The experimental study shows that the pile and pile group attain a maximum value of uplift load capacity when the batter angle reaches to 35°. Further, increase in batter angle causes a reduction in the uplift capacity of the pile. It is also noticed from the experiment that the uplift capacity increases with the slenderness ratio of the pile but its variation is not linear. Pile group of four piles with two vertical piles having L/D ratio 38 and two batter piles of L/D ratio 28 offers same resistance as of the same pile group with all the piles having L/D ratio 38. Numerical modeling was performed using Plaxis-3D to analyse the behavior of vertical piles, batter piles and pile groups under uplift loads. A good correlation between Plaxis-3D results and experimental results was observed.
Trajectory analysis at mid-block section using microscopic simulation
Authors: Pradeep Reddy S. , Naveen kumar C. , Pranavi R.
Published: March 2022

With rapid urbanization, traffic has increased in recent years. For a developing nation, mobility is a key concern. Especially, in rapidly expanding urban areas, vehicle accidents are of great concern. Because of this, it is necessary to pay vital attention to transportation and examine the need for greater geometric design and capacity. To assess road user interactions at a mid-block with heterogeneous traffic complexity, innovative trajectory-based data was used. In order to evaluate microscopic traffic flow parameters under various traffic flow conditions a Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to classify severity grades based on specified indicators which are between generated at two mid-block sections. A vehicle trajectory data for two different mid-block sections using a semi-automated image processing method is generated. The trajectories detected are vehicle ID, vehicle time, speed, longitude, latitude position, flow. From the analysis, microscopic traffic flow parameter like time headway, space headway is estimated by plotting a graph using Linear Regression model. This means that SVM is the best fit model to estimate headway at mid-block section (R2 = 0.86, 0.85) studied. From this study, it is concluded that the obtained value of R2 and goodness of fit measures using trajectory data base is highly acceptable to estimate the headway at mid-block section.
A Laboratory evaluation of RAP modified mixtures for moisture susceptibility
Authors: Durgaakshitha E. , Ramesh A.
Published: March 2022

Preparation of Hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavement construction of pavement layers involves in release of harmful gases which affects the environment conditions. The use of natural aggregates for the preparation of HMA is also affecting the natural resources. WMA is one among the technologies for reduction in mixing and compaction temperature RAP has the advantages for the use in partial replacement with natural aggregates in preparation of modified bituminous mix. In this study, it was investigated on usage of polypropylene fibres of 6mm length in Warm mix asphalt with recycled aggregates. For modification of base binder, Sasobit wax compound was added so as to improve the reduce the overall energy consumption and reduction in toxic emission during construction of pavement. The specimens were prepared under analytical gradation method. The main objective of this paper is incorporate the principle of sustainability in pavement construction by the usage of RAP with the inclusion of fibre at four different percentages with an interval 0.1 to know the performance of RAP modified mixtures. In this study, physical properties as well as ageing properties were performed on virgin, modified and RAP binder, specimens were produced for Marshall, Indirect tensile strength (IDT) to determine the moisture susceptibility and volumetric properties. The modified rap mix of 3% WMA of 15% RAP with 0.2% PP fibre and 0.3% rejuvenator, the above mix combination values obtained results has displayed better performance evaluation for moisture resistance with the inclusion of fibre in modified RAP mixes. This study shall provide direction for achieving environmentally friendly pavement technologies.
The study on potential use of RAP in WMA pavement layers with the inclusion of Basalt Fibers for the effect of mechanical and moisture Performance
Authors: Mamatha A. , Ramesh A.
Published: March 2022

Pavement engineers are facing difficulties for optimizing the use of natural resources and minimizing the consumption fuel involved in the manufacturing process of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). As a matter of fact the preparation of HMA involves in the release of harmful gases and to prevent, researches are working towards improving the environmental effects. Warm mix asphalt (WMA) is one of the solutions to increase the pavement performance with a concern to environmental effects that has gained a lot of popularity. In the present study, laboratory investigations were carried for the evaluation of laboratory prepared WMA mixes containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavements (RAP) and with the inclusion of fiber at different proportion. This method of mix modification will not only lower the energy consumption but also reduce the release of harmful gases as observed in HMA mix proportions. Nevertheless the above mix combinations are intended to achieve sustainable pavement construction practices. The purpose of this research is to look into the effect of using RAP in modified mixes on mechanical and durability proportions in order to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of BC grade-2 WMA mixtures.. In this work, the effectiveness of basalt fibre modified bitumen mixtures was also examined using fibre in various amounts. Compaction test on binder modification, moisture damage, indirect tensile strength tests, and Marshall test effects on RAP, WMA mixes were used to assess the performance of binder modification, RAP, and fibre modified mixes. The laboratory test results indicated that the asphaltene proportions were shown better results at 3%WMA binder prepared with sasobit, a wax compound. The WMA asphalt mix prepared with RAP at 20% and with 0.6% of basalt fiber has provided better performance compared with the WMA mixes alone. This will certainly minimize the environmental effects through energy reduction and improved mechanical properties along with the durability performance.