bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparing future primary school teachers for trilingual teaching with Clil technology
Authors: Kydyrbayeva Gulnaz , Stambekova Assel , Svetlana Urazgaliyeva , Gulsim Nurekeshova , Gulvira Matzhanova
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the readiness of future primary school teachers for trilingual teaching with CLIL technology. Qualitative research method was used in the study. A semi-structured interview form prepared by the researchers was used to collect the data. 160 teacher candidates studying at various universities in Kazakhstan in the 2020-2021 academic year participated in the research. As a result of the research, it was determined that the primary school teacher candidates' readiness for trilingual instruction with CLIL technology was insufficient. Research findings revealed the necessity of reorganizing the learning curricula in higher education programs in order for primary school teacher candidates to gain competence in the field of trilingual education with CLIL technology.
Keywords: Content and Language Integrated Learning, CLIL technology, trilingual education, teacher competencies, teacher opinions
Recent advances in anion-derived SEIs for fast-charging and stable lithium batteries
Authors: Xiao Ye , Xu Rui , Xu Lei , Ding Jun-Fan , Huang Jia-Qi
Published: November 2021

The construction of stable and reliable electrode interfaces is one of the key scientific issues widely encountered by the battery community. An anion-derived solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) has been recently reported to outperform the traditional solvent-rich SEI in inhibiting side reactions, motivating ion transport and regulating electrode reactions in working Li batteries. Here, we first explicitly introduce the fundamental characteristics of anion-derived SEIs and then concisely present novel developments in electrolyte chemistry involving highly concentrated, localized highly concentrated and weakly solvating electrolytes, which facilitate the formation of anion-derived SEIs on anodes. The critical significance of these SEIs for building fast-charging and stable Li batteries is particularly highlighted. Finally, we outline the future challenges of designing Li metal interfaces to further enhance the cycling reversibility and lifespan of working batteries.
BIODEGRADACIÓN DE PLAGUICIDAS ORGANOFOSFORADOS Y ORGANOCLORADOS POR Candida tropicalis Y Stenotrophomonas maltophilia EN MICROCOSMOS DEL SUELO
Authors: Hernández Castellanos José Leonardo , Cuervo González Rodrigo , Montañez Soto José Luis , Hernández Castellanos Nancy Deyanira , Pérez Vargas Miguel Alberto , Cruz Hernández Alejandro , Chaires Martínez Leandro
Published: November 2021

En México se han utilizado plaguicidas organofosforados y organoclorados que, debido a su persistencia en el ambiente, han causado efectos adversos sobre ecosistemas, cadenas tróficas y salud humana. Por tanto, es importante establecer protocolos de remediación en los sitios contaminados con este tipo de compuestos. En la presente investigación se utilizaron Candida tropicalis y Stenotrophomonas maltophilia en microcosmos del suelo para la biodegradación de malatión, paratión, clorpirifos, aldrín y lindano. Adicionalmente, se determinaron los parámetros óptimos de crecimiento para ambos microorganismos. La concentración inicial de plaguicidas fue de 130 mg/kg. C. tropicalis degradó en un valor alto el malatión (98.32 %) seguido de lindano (81.01 %) y clorpirifos (74.23 %), en tanto que S. maltophilia degradó el malatión (98.23 %), aldrín (80.17 %) y lindano (75.85 %). En cuanto a las condiciones de cultivo para la producción de altas densidades celulares a nivel biorreactor, se obtuvo un valor alto de biomasa (132 g/L) para C. tropicalis a 36 ºC, 140 rpm, pH 5 y una aireación de 2 vvm. En el caso de S. maltophilia, la biomasa fue menor respecto a la levadura (54 g/L) en las mejores condiciones de cultivo (28 ºC, 70 rpm, pH 5 y una aireación de 2 vvm). El presente trabajo evidenció por primera vez que la levadura C. tropicalis tiene la capacidad de degradar algunos plaguicidas organofosforados y organoclorados, y, debido a su fácil manejo en medio líquido, se propone como agente biológico para la remediación de suelos potencialmente contaminados con plaguicidas.
HPV16 E7 Nucleotide Variants Found in Cancer-Free Subjects Affect E7 Protein Expression and Transformation
Authors: Lou Hong , Boland Joseph F. , Burk Robert , Yeager Meredith , Wentzensen Nicolas , Schiffman Mark , Mirabello Lisa , Dean Michael
Published: November 2021

The human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 E7 oncogene is critical to carcinogenesis and highly conserved. Previous studies identified a preponderance of non-synonymous E7 variants amongst HPV16-positive cancer-free controls compared to those with cervical cancer. To investigate the function of E7 variants, we constructed full-length HPV16 E7 genes and tested variants at positions H9R, D21N, N29S, E33K, T56I, D62N, S63F, S63P, T64M, E80K, D81N, P92L, and P92S (found only in controls); D14E, N29H (CIN2), and P6L, H51N, R77S (CIN3). We determined the steady-state level of cytoplasmic and nuclear HPV16 E7 protein. All variants from the controls showed a reduced level of steady-state E7 protein, with 7/13 variants having deficient protein levels. In contrast, 2/3 variants from the CIN3 precancer group had near-normal E7 levels. We assayed the activity of representative variants in stably transfected NIH3T3 cells. The H9R, E33K, P92L, and P92S variants found in control subjects had lower transforming activity than D14E and N29H variants (CIN2); and the R77S (CIN3) had activity only slightly reduced from wildtype E7. In addition, R77S and WT E7 caused increased migration of NIH3T3 cells in a wound-healing assay as compared with H9R, E33K, P92L, and P92S (controls) and D14E (CIN2). These data provide evidence that the E7 variants found in HPV16-positive cancer-free women are partially defective for transformation and cell migration further demonstrating the importance of fully active E7 in clinical cancer development.
Minimal Systems of Binomial Generators for the Ideals of Certain Monomial Curves
Authors: Branco Manuel Baptista , Colaço Isabel , Ojeda Ignacio
Published: November 2021

Let $a, b$ and $n > 1$ be three positive integers such that $a$ and $\sum_{j=0}^{n-1} b^j$ are relatively prime. In this paper, we prove that the toric ideal $I$ associated to the submonoid of $\mathbb{N}$ generated by $\{\sum_{j=0}^{n-1} b^j\} \cup \{\sum_{j=0}^{n-1} b^j + a\, \sum_{j=0}^{i-2} b^j \mid i = 2, \ldots, n\}$ is determinantal. Moreover, we prove that for $n > 3$, the ideal $I$ has a unique minimal system of generators if and only if $a < b-1$.
The Effect of Various Salinities and Light Intensities on the Growth Performance of Five Locally Isolated Microalgae [Amphidinium carterae, Nephroselmis sp., Tetraselmis sp. (var. red pappas), Asteromonas gracilis and Dunaliella sp.] in Laboratory Batch Cultures
Authors: Hotos George
Published: November 2021

After a 1.5 year screening survey in the lagoons of Western Greece in order to isolate and culture sturdy species of microalgae for aquaculture or other value added uses, as dictated primarily by a satisfactory potential for their mass-culture, five species emerged and their growth was monitored in laboratory conditions. Amphidinium carterae, Nephroselmis sp., Tetraselmis sp. (var. red pappas), Asteromonas gracilis and Dunaliella sp. were batch cultured using low (20 ppt), sea (40 ppt) and high salinity (50 or 60 or 100 ppt) and in combination with a low (2000 lux) and high (8000 lux) intensity of illumination. The results exhibited that all these species can be grown adequately in all salinities and with best growth in terms of maximum cell density, specific growth rate (SGR) and biomass yield (g dry weight/L) at high illumination (8000 lux). The five species examined exhibited different responses in the salinities used, Amphidinium clearly does best in 20 ppt far better than 40 ppt and even more than 50 ppt. Nephroselmis and Tetraselmis grow almost the same in 20 and 40 ppt and less well in 60 ppt. Asteromonas does best in 100 ppt although it can grow quite well in both 40 and 60 ppt. Dunaliella grows equally well in all salinities (20-40-60 ppt). Concerning productivity as maximum biomass yield at the end of the culture period, first rank is occupied by Nephroselmis with ~3.0 g d.w./L, followed by Tetraselmis (2.0 g/L), Dunaliella (1.58 g/L), Amphidinium (1.19 g/L) and Asteromonas (0.7 g/L) with all values recorded at high light (8000 lux).
Sorghum Drought Tolerance is Associated with Deeper Root System and Decreased Transpiration Rate
Authors: Gowsiga Srinivasan , Djanaguiraman Maduraimuthu , Thavaprakaash Nallasamy , Jeyakumar Prabhakaran , Mahalingam Govindaraj
Published: November 2021

Drought decreases grain yield of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and understanding the mechanism(s) related to drought tolerance is critical for sustaining sorghum production. Variation in root and shoot traits associated with drought tolerance were analyzed to provide an integrated view of factors that underlie the drought tolerance of sorghum. The plants were grown in the root column up to the five-leaf stage, then exposed to either 0.9 fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) or 0.4 FTSW for five days. In another experiment, at the five-leaf stage, stress was imposed for 14 days. Various root and shoot traits associated with drought tolerance were recorded. The seminal root angle of IS13540 was lower (24.4) than IS23143 (42.6). Drought stress increased the maximum root length (40%) and total root length (58%) of IS13540 than its irrigated control. In contrast, the maximum root length and total root length were decreased in IS23143. Similarly, across the lines, drought stress decreased stomatal conductance (37%), transpiration rate (42%), photosynthetic rate (40%), photosystem II quantum yield (20%), photochemical quenching (44%), and total dry matter production (34%) than irrigated control. An increased transpiration rate was observed in IS23143 than IS13540 under irrigated and drought stress. In IS23143, the reduction in photosynthetic rate under drought may be a combination of stomatal and non-stomatal factors. However, in IS13540, the reduction is especially by the stomatal factors. It is evident that IS13540 is a drought-tolerant line, and tolerance is related to a deep prolific root system and reduced tran-spiration rate.
Long-Term Evaluation of the Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA) Implants in a Horse: An Experimental Pilot Study
Authors: Carvalho Julia RG , Conde Gabriel , Antonioli Marina L , Santana Clarissa H , Littiere Thayssa O , Dias Paula P , Chinelatto Marcelo A , Canola Paulo A , Zara Fernando J , Ferraz Guilherme De Camargo
Published: November 2021

In horses, there is an increasing interest in developing long-lasting drug formulations, with bi-opolymers as viable carrier alternatives in addition to their use as scaffolds, suture threads, screws, pins, and plates for orthopedic surgeries. This communication focuses on the prolonged biocompatibility and biodegradation of PLA, prepared by hot pressing at 180 ºC. Six samples were implanted subcutaneously on the lateral surface of the neck of one horse. The polymers remained implanted for 24 to 57 weeks. Physical examination, plasma fibrinogen, and the mechanical noci-ceptive threshold (MNT) were performed. After 24, 28, 34, 38, and 57 weeks, the materials were removed for histochemical analysis using hematoxylin-eosin and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There were no essential clinical changes. MNT decreased after the implantation procedure, returning to normal after 48h. A foreign body response was observed by histopathologic evalua-tion up to 38 weeks. At 57 weeks, no polymer or fibrotic capsules were identified. SEM showed surface roughness suggesting a biodegradation process, with an increase in the average pore di-ameter. As in the histopathological evaluation, it was not possible to detect the polymer 57 weeks after implantation. PLA showed biocompatible degradation and these findings may contribute to future research in the biomedical area.
The Spanish Version Of The Child Medical Fear Questionnaire: Cross-Cultural Adaptation And Validation
Authors: Martín-Rodríguez Leticia , Soto-Ruiz Nelia , Ferraz-Torres Marta , García-Vivar Cristina , Saralegui-Gainza Amaia , Escalada-Hernández Paula
Published: November 2021

Having valid and reliable tools that help health professionals to assess fear in children undergoing medical procedures is essential to offer humanized and quality of care in the paediatric population. The aim of this study was to develop the cross-cultural adaptation and the evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the “Child Medical Fear Scale” in its shortened version (CMFS-R). The design consisted of two phases, first of cross-cultural adaptation and second of the psychometric validation of the CMFS-R with a sample of 262 children from Spain. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess construct validity and the Cronbach alpha and the adjusted item-total score correlation coefficients were performed to study reliability. The results confirmed internal consistency and construct validity of the Spanish version of the CMFS-R, indicating that the scale has an acceptable level of validity and reliability. Therefore, this study brings a new version of the scale to assess fear related to medical procedures for use in the Spanish paediatric population.
Traditional and Technology-Enhanced Learning: Faculty Perspectives and Student Experiences and Satisfaction of the Art and Design Program during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Boehm Cynthia Margaret
Published: November 2021

Digital skills are essential in today’s digital age, which means that students must gain technology-enhanced skills from higher education for their future careers. Studies in Art & Design (A&D) programs in this university surveyed three faculties’ perspectives and nineteen students’ experiences. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this university changed its teaching and learning strategies by offering courses online during autumn 2020 and spring 2021 during mandatory quarantine. However, the A&D program was not entirely based online. As a result, it is important to take a closer look at the A&D programs offered in order to assess the faculties’ perspectives and students’ experiences during the two online semesters. The study included online surveys from instructors’ perspectives and with regard to students’ experiences about the quality of studio learning, traditional studio learning opportunities, and online studio learning opportunities via either live (on-campus) or online studios. Using relationship-based research design, posttest data surveys were collected to ascertain the differences in the mean scores, standard deviations, and percentages of some forms of agreement between the faculties’ perspectives and students’ experiences of the quality of studio learning, traditional studio learning opportunities, and online studio learning opportunities in these Art & Design (A&D) programs. This quantitative research aimed to develop formative assessments and suggestions while establishing whether it would be possible to hold all A&D courses online in a higher education setting.
Difference in Rhizosphere Soil Bacterial Community was among Six Cinnamomum camphora Chemotypes
Authors: Xiao Zufei , Zhang Beihong , Wang Yangbao , Jin Zhinong , Li Feng , Peng Ji , Rui Jiang
Published: November 2021

Abstract: Plant types and soil bacterial communities had a close relationship, understanding the profound association between them contributes to better learn bacterial ecological function for plant growth. In this study, rhizosphere soil of six different chemotype Cinnamomum camphora trees were collected, including C. bodinieri var. citralifera, [C. camphora (Linn.) Presl], camphora-type, cineole-type, linalool-type and isoborneol-type. Soil properties content and bacterial communities were analyzed. Two chemotype C. camphora, including [C. camphora (Linn.) Presl] and linalool-type, shaped similar bacterial community structure, decreased Firmcutes relative abundance. richness estimators (Chao1 index and Ace index) of [C. camphora (Linn.) Presl] were decreased compared with the others. Furthermore, soil bacterial community structure was also similar among bodinieri var. citralifera, camphora-type, cineole-type and isoborneol-type. Hence, different chemotype C. camphora altered soil nutrient and shaped rhizosphere bacterial communities.
Risk Factors Associated with the Development of Metastases in Patients with Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Kohno Shuzo , Ikegami Masahiro , Ikegami Toru , Aoki Hiroaki , Ogawa Masaichi , Yano Fumiaki , Etoh Ken
Published: November 2021

Neuroendocrine tumors develop from systemic endocrine and nerve cells, and their occurrence has increased recently. Since these tumors are heterogeneous, pathological classification has been based on the affected organ. In 2019, the World Health Organization introduced a change that is expected to influence neuroendocrine tumor research, as gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are now included within a unified classification. In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the characteristics (e.g., lymph node metastases, all other metastases) of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors using this new classification in 50 cases. Tumor size, depth, MIB-1 index, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, and neuroendocrine tumor grade were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and all other metastases. Venous invasion was more strongly correlated with lymph node metastasis and all other types of metastasis than with lymphatic invasion. Identification rates for lymphatic invasion were considered lower because of structural problems such as lymphatic vessels being much thinner than veins. However, venous invasion was considered effective in compensating for the low rate of identification in cases of lymphatic invasion. In future research, a unified classification and standardized framework for assessment will be important when analyzing the characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors, and large-scale studies are required.
American Orthopaedic Association’s (AOA) Council of Orthopaedic Residency Directors (CORD) 2020 Summer Conference: Top Abstracts*
Authors: Weistroffer Joseph K. , Patt Joshua C.
Published: November 2021

In a continuing collaboration between the American Orthopaedic Association’s (AOA) Council of Orthopaedic Residency Directors (CORD) and JBJS, the following 10 abstracts highlight the scientific research presented at AOA’s virtual annual national meeting held this past June 2020. These abstracts embody CORD’s purpose and mission:

“The American Orthopaedic Association’s Council of Orthopaedic Residency Directors (CORD) program strives to recognize best practices in orthopaedic residency education and fellowship education based on ACGME [Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education]-defined essential knowledge and skills in each of the residency education competency areas. CORD provides a forum for academic orthopaedic leaders to exchange ideas, discuss solutions to challenges, and find ways to teach residents in orthopaedic programs effectively.”

We hope that this education-related research will inspire further inquiry to advance the development of future orthopaedic surgeons.
Reduction in Backup Tool Requirements: Risks vs. Benefits, a Probability Analysis
Authors: Johannesen Steven , Lagarigue Thomas , Shearer Gordon , Owen Karen , Wood Grant , Hendry Will
Published: November 2021

A review of the use of measurement while drilling (MWD), logging while drilling (LWD), and directional drilling (DD) tools mobilized to offshore drilling units in the North Sea highlighted an opportunity to lower operational cost for the operator and reduce capital used for the oilfield services company. An objective was set to develop a risk-based probability model that would assess the positive and negative financial impacts of reducing, or perhaps entirely removing, backup tools in this historically risk-averse basin. The scope of the initial analysis was a drilling campaign on a single rig contracted by the operator (Rig A). This analysis was then extended to review scenarios in which several operations in close proximity would share backup tools.

The last 3 years of MWD/LWD/DD tool reliability data from North Sea operations, recorded by the oilfield services company, were used as an input. To assess the probability of failure, a binomial model was developed to create a binomial distribution for each tool to calculate the probability of having zero to X failures for a selected tool or bottomhole assembly (BHA) for a given number of runs. Three binomial models were developed to study the effect of “easy,” “moderate,” and “challenging” drilling environments on tool reliability. A financial risk model was designed to balance the probability-weighted cost of failure for the operator against the lower costs resulting from reduced tool provision by the oilfield services company. To better estimate risks and financial impacts on the project, a sensitivity analysis was performed on the financial risk model using the three binomial models.

As a result of the analysis, it was demonstrated that recent improvements in tool reliability support a reduction in the provision of backup MWD/LWD/DD drilling tools for the majority of North Sea drilling scenarios.
Study on Pressure Drop Characteristics of a Two-Stage Swirler Separator
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Zhang Xingkai , Liao Ruiquan , Lei Yu , Fang Zhigang
Published: November 2021

The vane swirler separator is widely used in the separation process of wet natural gas owing to a small volume, high efficiency, economy, and environmental protection. In addition to the separation efficiency, the pressure drop is also an important technical and operational index for evaluating the performance of the swirler. In this study, the pressure drop of a swirler vane separator was studied through laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. Through the visualization experimental study of the liquid membrane formation rule and its movement pattern, the reduced gas velocity on the pressure drop was divided into three stages. For a gas superficial velocity less than 5.69 m/s, the effect of gas superficial velocity on the pressure drop was small; for a gas superficial velocity greater than 16.57 m/s, the pressure drop increased significantly with an increase in gas flow rate, and the maximum pressure drop was generated by the two-stage swirler, downstream of which the pressure decreased precipitously. We also observed that when the liquid volume content was less than 3%, the gas superficial velocity was the dominant factor affecting the change in the pressure drop. The average relative error of the pressure drop prediction model based on the conservation of the energy law was 6.16%, which indicated a high calculation accuracy.
Prevalence and biopsychosocial factors associated with depressive symptoms among patients living with systemic lupus erythematosus in clinical settings in urban Thailand
Authors: Narupan Nirunya , Seeherunwong Acharaporn , Pumpuang Walailak
Published: November 2021

Background
Depressive symptoms are globally recognized as a significant mental health problem in patients with chronic disease, particularly those with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and examine biopsychosocial factors of depressive symptoms among patients with SLE.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 185 participants diagnosed with SLE and received treatment for at least three months, aged 18-59 years attending the outpatient clinic of a university hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Thai version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). We assessed Demographic data, the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Activity Index (SLEDAI), the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index (SLICC Damage Index), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Body Image Scale (BIS), and the ENRICHD Social Support Instrument (ESSI). Data were collected from March to May 2021. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the data.
Result
The proportion of the participants with depressive symptoms was 43.2%, while 8.1% of those patients faced moderate to severe depressive symptoms and could be diagnosed with depression. SLE patients with depressive symptoms were more likely to be severe pain (aOR = 12.11, 95%CI = 1.35-108.46), fatigue (aOR = 2.36, 95%CI = 1.08-5.14), taking prednisolone ≥15 mg daily (aOR = 5.75, 95%CI = 1.76-18.80), low satisfied of body image (aOR = 12.49, 95%CI = 2.23-69.80), and low social support (aOR = 17.96, 95% CI = 1.86-173.77). Disease flare, organ damage, and family income sufficiency could not predict the risk of depressive symptoms in patients with SLE (p ≤ .05).
Conclusion
The findings highlight depressive symptoms in patients with SLE. Therefore, the health professional should be concerned about the perception of body image, level of social support, fatigue, and pain while treating patients with SLE. Public health screening programs to identify depressive symptoms in patients with SLE are needed. In addition, a high dose of prednisolone should be considered if required, along with monitoring.
CD8+ Lymphocyte Infiltration is a Specific Feature of Colitis Induced By Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Nagaya Tadanobu , Iwaya Yugo , Okamura Takuma , Hirayama Atsuhiro , Iwaya Mai , Uehara Takeshi , Umemura Takeji
Published: November 2021

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy, although immune-related adverse events (irAEs) remain a severe issue. The clinical characteristics of colitis induced by ICPIs are very similar to inflammatory bowel disease. Recently, CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration into organs has been associated with the onset of irAEs. The present study compared the histological infiltration of CD8+ lymphocytes in irAE colitis with that in other colitis.
Methods

Among 102 newly diagnosed and untreated patients, 12 with irAE colitis, 37 with ulcerative colitis (UC), 22 with Crohn's disease (CD), and 31 with ischemic colitis (IC) were retrospectively enrolled. Biopsy specimens were obtained from endoscopic areas of high inflammation for immunohistochemical analysis of the number of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the most inflamed high-powered microscopic field.
Results

In irAE colitis, CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration was significantly greater than that of CD4+ lymphocytes (p < 0.01). The amount of CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration was significantly higher in irAE colitis than in UC (p < 0.05), CD (p < 0.05), and IC (p < 0.01). The CD8+/CD4+ ratio was also significantly higher in irAE colitis (p < 0.01 vs. UC, CD, and IC, respectively). The optimal cut-off CD8+/CD4+ ratio for diagnosing irAE colitis was 1.17 (sensitivity: 83%, specificity: 84%). The optimal cut-off the number of CD8+ lymphocytes for diagnosing irAE colitis was 102 cells/high-power field (sensitivity: 75%, specificity: 81%).
Conclusions

Greater CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration and a higher CD8+/CD4+ ratio may be simple and useful biomarkers to distinguish irAE colitis from other forms of colitis.
Coherent and Compact Zinc Electrodeposition Enabled by Compressing the Electric Double Layer of the Deposits
Authors: Zhao Ruirui , Wang Haifeng , Du Haoran , Yang Ying , Gao Zhonghui , Qie Long , Huang Yunhui
Published: November 2021

The porous hexagonal-platelet Zinc (Zn) deposits exacerbate the chemical corrosion and deteriorate the reversibility of the Zn electrodes in aqueous electrolytes. Based on the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory, to turn the messy Zn deposits into agglomerate ones, the challenge is to weaken the electric double layer repulsive force, which is the main reason preventing the dense Zn deposits, between the electrodeposited Zn particles. Here, we proposed a strategy to compress the electric double layer and regulate the forces between the electrodeposited Zn particles by introducing inert charges to the surface of the Zn deposits. The results of the electron microscopies revealed dense and coherent electrodeposition of Zn, indicating that the van der Waals attraction between the deposits becomes governing during electrodeposition. Such results could be attributed to the adsorbed inert charges on Zn deposits decrease the net charges and weaken the electric double layer repulsive force. This design enables the Zn||Zn cells a long-term plating/stripping stability for > 1200 h, a high average Coulombic Efficiency of 99.9% for > 2100 h, and steady charge/discharge responses even under a draconian deep-discharge condition of 80% depth of discharge of Zn (DODZn). In addition, the Zn||VS2 full cells demonstrate significantly improved electrochemical reversibility and capacity retention.
Research on the civil aero-engine modeling method oriented to control law design
Authors: Liu Shuai , Zhang Ming , Wang Wei , Bai Jie , Dai ShiJie
Published: November 2021

The non-linear aero-thermal model of civil aero-engine established by the component method has the characteristics of complex structure and strong coupling of parameters, which is difficult to directly use in the design of control law. Aiming at the problem that civil aero-engine control law design is difficult, heavy workload, and can only be used for nominal point linearization model, a civil aero-engine modeling method oriented to control law design is proposed.
Simplify the structure according to the aero-engine control function, and use rotor dynamics modeling and combustion reaction dynamics modeling to establish aero-engine control standard model in differential form, which establishes the corresponding relationship of the parameters required for the control of the aero-engine full envelope. With this control standard model, the nonlinear control method can be directly used in the design of the aero-engine control law, which reduces the workload and difficulty of the control law design to certain extent. The control standard model is established by taking DGEN380 aero-engine as an example, whose accuracy is verified through experiments, and an example of the control law design is given. The civil aviation engine modeling method oriented to control law design has achieved the expected goal.
Throughput Fairness in Cognitive Backscatter Networks With Residual Hardware Impairments and a Nonlinear EH Model
Authors: Gao Xiaona , Shi Liqin , Lu Guangyue
Published: November 2021

This paper is to design a throughput fairness-aware resource allocation scheme for a cognitive backscatter network (CBN), where multiple backscatter devices (BDs) take turns to modulate information on the primary signals and backscatter the modulated signals to a cooperative receiver (C-Rx), while harvesting energy to sustain their operations. The nonlinear energy harvesting (EH) circuits at the BDs and the residual hardware impairments (HWIs) at the transceivers are considered to better reflect the properties of the practical energy harvesters and transceivers, respectively. To ensure the throughput fairness among BDs, we formulate an optimization problem to maximize the minimum throughput of BDs by jointly optimizing the transmit power of the primary transmitter, the backscattering time and reflection coefficient for each BD, subject to the primary user’s quality of service (QoS) and BDs’ energy-causality constraints. We introduce the variable slack and decoupling methods to transform the formulated non-convex problem, and propose an iterative algorithm based on block coordinate descent (BCD) technique to solve the transformation problem. We also investigate a special CBN with a single BD and derive the optimal solution in the closed form to maximize the BD's throughput. Numerical results validate the quick convergence of the proposed iterative algorithm and that the proposed scheme ensures much fairness than the existing schemes.
The Effects of Structured Grinding Wheel Designed Parameters On The Geometries of Ground Structured Surfaces
Authors: Monier Amr , Guo Bing , Zhao Qingliang , Guo Zhenfei , Mahmoud Tamer S. , El-mahallawi Iman
Published: November 2021

This study investigates the effects of the structured wheels’ geometrical parameters on the geometries of structured surfaces machined by grinding operations. First, the geometrical parameters of the structured wheels were determined. The resultant geometrical parameters of structured surfaces were defined and related to the designed operating condition, including the structured wheel and grinding process by mathematical and simulation models. The results showed that each wheel’s geometrical parameter affects the structured surface geometry at different rates. Grinding experiments were then performed to explore experimentally how the geometrical parameters of the structured wheel affect the geometry of structured surfaces and verify the modeling and simulation results and explanations. The results showed a remarkable compatibility between the predicted and machined surfaces and reflected the accuracy of the presented method for machining the structured surfaces by grinding.
Formation mechanism of β’’-Mg5Si6 and its PFZ in an Al-Mg-Si-Mn alloy: experiment and first-principles calculations
Authors: Qian Xiaoming , Li Yong , Wang Zhaodong
Published: November 2021

Formation mechanism of β’’-Mg5Si6 and its PFZ in an Al-Mg-Si-Mn alloy was studied by the means of experiment and first-principles calculations. Results show that at 270°C during the 100 °C/h heating period, β’’-Mg5Si6 precipitated inside the dendrites, whereas precipitation free zones (PFZs) of β’’-Mg5Si6 presented near the dendrite arm regions. The formation of the β’’-Mg5Si6 and its PFZ were related to the concentration of vacancy. Low-concertation zones of vacancy formed near the eutectics during the solidification due to the constitutional supercooling, no β’’-Mg5Si6 precipitated in the low-concertation zones of vacancy due to the vacancy-dependence of β’’-Mg5Si6, the Si vacancy-containing β’’-Mg5Si6 was extremely unstable and Si vacancies prefer to stay away from distribution.
Monitoring of Casting Quality Using Principal Component Analysis Based Self-Organizing Map
Authors: Bendjama Hocine , BOUHOUCHE Salah , AOUABDI Salim , BAST Jürgen
Published: November 2021

The monitoring of casting quality is very important to ensure the safe operation of casting processes. In this paper, in order to improve the accurate detection of casting defects, a combined method based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is presented. The proposed method reduces the dimensionality of the original data by the projection of the data onto a smaller subspace through PCA. It uses Hotelling’s T2 and Q statistics as essential features for characterizing the process functionality. The SOM is used to improve the separation between casting defects. It computes the metric distances based similarity, using the T2 and Q (T2Q) statistics as input. A comparative study between conventional SOM, SOM with reduced data and SOM with selected features is examined. The proposed method is used to identify the running conditions of the low pressure lost foam casting process. The monitoring results indicate that the SOM based on T2Q as feature vectors remains important comparatively to conventional SOM and SOM based on reduced data.
How About Glymphatic System Function in Patients With Migraine?
Authors: Lee Dong Ah , Park Bong Soo , Ko Junghae , Kim Il Hwan , Park Jin Han , Park Sihyung , Lee Yoo Jin , Park Kang Min
Published: November 2021

Background: There have been no studies evaluating the glymphatic system function in patients with migraine. In this study, we evaluated the alterations in glymphatic system function in patients with migraine compared to healthy controls using a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) method. We also investigated the differences in glymphatic system function between migraine patients with and without aura using the ALPS method.Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients with migraine and healthy controls. All brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including DTI, in participants, patients with migraine, and healthy controls were obtained using the same MRI scanner. We calculated the ALPS index and compared the differences in the ALPS index between patients with migraine and healthy controls, and between migraine patients with and without aura. In addition, we conducted a correlation analysis between glymphatic system function and the clinical characteristics of migraine.Results: We enrolled 92 patients with migraine and 80 healthy controls. There were no significant differences in the ALPS index between patients with migraine and healthy controls (1.655 vs. 1.713, p = 0.233), and between migraine patients with and without aura (1.690 vs. 1.645, p = 0.601). There were no significant correlations between the ALPS index and clinical characteristics of migraine, including age (r = -0.070, p = 0.507), age of onset (r = 0.066, p = 0.552), disease duration (r = -0.115, p = 0.306), attack frequency (r = -0.049, p = 0.668), and headache intensity (r = -0.003, p = 0.976).Conclusions: There was no glymphatic system dysfunction in patients with migraine. In addition, there were no differences in glymphatic system function between migraine patients with and without aura. We also demonstrated the feasibility of the ALPS method, which can be used for further research on various neurological diseases.
Identification of The Critical Genes and miRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Wang Jun , Wang Chuyan , Yang Liuqing , Li Kexin
Published: November 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health problem with a complex etiology and pathogenesis. Microarray data is increasingly being used as a novel and effective method for cancer pathogenesis analysis. To unravel the potential prognosis of HCC, an integrative study of mRNA and miRNA for HCC was conducted. Two microarray datasets (GSE89377 and GSE101685) and two miRNAs expression profiles (GSE112264 and GSE113740) were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A total of 177 DEGs and 80 DEMs were screened out. Functional enrichment of DEGs was proceeded by Clue GO, including GO and KEGG pathway analysis. These genes were significantly enriched in chemical carcinogenesis. PPI network was then established on the STRING platform, and ten hub genes (CDC20, TOP2A, ASPM, NCAPG, AURKA, CYP2E1, HMMR, PRC1, TYMS, and CYP4A11) were visualized via Cytoscape software. Then, a miRNA-target network was established to identify the dysregulated miRNA. A key miRNA (hsa-miR-124-3p) was filtered. Finally, the miRNA-target- transcription factor networks were constructed for hsa-miR-124-3p. The network for hsa-miR-124-3p included two transcription factors (TFs) and five targets. These identified DEGs and DEMs, TFs, targets, and regulatory networks may help advance our understanding the underlying pathogenesis of HCC.
Phylogenetic and ecological reevaluation of the order Onygenales
Authors: Kandemir Hazal , Dukik Karolina , Teixeria Marcus de Melo , Stielow J. Benjamin , Delma Fatima Zohra , Al-Hatmi Abdullah M.S. , Ahmed Sarah A. , Ilkit Macit , de Hoog G. Sybren
Published: November 2021

The order Onygenales is classified in the class Eurotiomycetes of the subphylum Pezizomycotina. Families in this order have classically been isolated from soil and dung, and two lineages contain causative agents of superficial, cutaneous, and systemic infections in mammals. The ecology and habitat choices of the species are driven mainly by abilities of keratin- and cellulose-degradation. The present study aimed to investigate whether the ecological trends of the members of the Onygenales can be interpreted in an evolutionary sense, linking phylogenetic parameters with habitat preferences, to achieve polyphasic definitions of the main taxonomic groups. Evolutionary processes were estimated by multiple gene genealogies and divergence time analysis. Previously described families namely, Arthrodermataceae, Ajellomycetaceae, Ascosphaeraceae, Eremascaceae, Gymnoascaceae, Onygenaceae and Spiromastigaceae were accepted in the Onygenales, and two new families, Auxarthraceae and Neogymnomycetaceae were introduced. A number of species could not be assigned to any of the defined families. Our study provides a revised overview of the main lines of taxonomy of the Onygenales, supported by multilocus analyses of ITS, LSU, TUB , TEF1 , TEF3 , RPB1 , RPB2, and ribosomal protein 60S L10 (L1) ( RP60S ) sequences, combined with available data on ecology, physiology, morphology, and genomics.
Strengthening Climate-Resilient Development and Transformation in Viet Nam
Authors: Rana Arun , Qinhan Zhu , Detken Annette , Whalley Karina , Castet Christelle
Published: November 2021

Climate change is presenting an ongoing and eminent threat to various regions, communities and infrastructure worldwide. In this study, the current and future climate impacts faced by Viet Nam due to Tropical Cyclones (TCs), specifically wind and surge, are evaluated, and different adaptation measures to manage this risk are appraised. The level of wind and storm surge risk was assessed focusing on three categories of assets: residential houses, agriculture, and people. The expected damage to these assets was then evaluated based on their exposure to the hazard under current and future climate scenarios. Physical adaptation measures such as mangroves, sea dykes, and gabions, and financial adaptation measures such as risk transfer via insurance were applied to the expected future risk and evaluated based on a socio-economic cost-benefit analysis. The output will give decision-makers the ability to make more informed decisions, prioritize the most cost-effective adaptation measures and increase physical and financial resilience. The results indicated significant TC exposure in future climate scenarios due to economic development and climate change that almost doubles the current expected damage. Surge-related damage was found to be many times higher than wind damage and houses had more exposure (value in total) than agriculture on a national scale. The physical adaptation measures are successful in significantly reducing the future wind and especially surge risk and would form a resilient strategy along with risk transfer for managing TC risks in the region.
Tempering Influence on Residual Stresses and Mechanical Properties of AISI 4340 Steel
Authors: Souza Marcel , Serrão Luana Ferreira , Pardal Juan Manuel , Tavares Sérgio Souto Maior , Fonseca Maria Cindra
Published: November 2021

The present work evaluated the tempering temperature influence on microstructure, mechanical properties and residual stresses of AISI 4340 steel. The residual stresses were measured by X‑ray diffraction (XRD) by the sin²ψ method and compared to magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN). The residual stresses exhibited high tensile values after quenching, but a small relief was observed in tempering treatments at 300°C and 400°C, which also presented a hardness decrease compared to the as‑quenched condition. XRD and MBN analyses indicated that residual stresses became compressive in tempering performed between 500°C and 650°C. Therefore, compressive residual stresses combined with appropriate hardness and toughness values (35 HRC and 33 J) obtained from 500°C tempering temperature can be used to improve the mechanical properties of AISI 4340 steel components. Additionally, a mathematical model was established to estimate the tempered martensite hardness for different tempering temperature conditions. This model showed high accuracy (R2=0.99) for a holding time of 90 minutes.
Designing and managing biodiverse streetscapes: key lessons from the City of Melbourne
Authors: Tan Hui-Anne , Harrison Lee , Nelson Jeff , Lokic Maggie , Rayner John , Threlfall Caragh G. , Baumann Jessica , Marshall Adrian , Callow Mark , Peeler Jessica , Korossy-Horwood Rebecca , Nicholson Chris , Williams Nicholas S. G.
Published: November 2021

Underutilised public spaces such as streetscapes offer substantial opportunities to integrate habitats that increase biodiversity into existing urban landscapes and create more ecologically connected cities. Cooperation and collaboration from diverse stakeholders are paramount to achieving this because growing conditions for plants in streetscapes are often much harsher than remnant habitats or urban parks and little is known about the horticultural performance of many native understorey species in these novel urban environments. This paper describes how the City of Melbourne collaborated with researchers from the University of Melbourne to develop and test a suite of understorey plant species to increase streetscape biodiversity. To do so, we selected species using criteria from a horticultural planting guide which guided the design and creation of four streetscape plantings within the municipality. Here, we document the process and discuss lessons learnt from this project to assist other cities to design, construct and maintain streetscapes with successful, cost-effective plantings that improve urban biodiversity and aesthetic value. Key to the long-term success of these biodiverse plantings was thorough soil preparation and weed management before planting, and the implementation of a clear, ecologically sensitive management plan. To support this plan, suitably qualified and experienced landscape maintenance staff were essential, particularly those with horticultural knowledge and experience with indigenous and native plant species. Our project highlights the often conflicting needs of local authorities and ecological researchers and the necessary trade-offs needed to meet realistic goals and achieve successful project outcomes for creating more biodiverse urban landscapes.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy as a viable treatment option for locally Advanced Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of salivary gland: A case report
Authors: More Vinayak Kerbaji , Jakhetiya Ashish , Pandey Arun , Patel Tarang
Published: November 2021

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive variant of salivary gland neoplasm. Perineural invasion and resistance to present chemotherapeutic drugs makes treatment more challenging. Surgery remains the treatment of choice in resectable cases with postoperative radiotherapy in selected subset. In upfront technically unresectable cases neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) can be used as an option to achieve R0 resection. Here we present a case of minor salivary gland ACC that was successfully down staged and underwent R0 resection after NACT.
Electronic regulation of Ni single atom by confined Ni nanoparticles for fast and energy-efficient CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Ren Wenhao , Tan Xin , Jia Chen , Krammer Anna , Sun Qian , Qu Jiangtao , Smith Sean , Schüler Andreas , Hu Xile , Zhao Chuan
Published: November 2021

Electrocatalytic CO2 to CO conversion is approaching the industrial benchmark. Currently, Au electrodes show the best performance, whereas non-precious metal catalysts exhibit inferior activity. Here we show a densely populated Ni single-atom on nanoparticle catalyst (NiSA/NP) via direct solid-sate pyrolysis, where Ni nanoparticles donate electrons to Ni(i)-N-C sites via carbon nanotubes network, achieves a high CO current of 352 mA cm−2 at -0.55 V vs RHE in an alkaline flow cell. When coupled with a NiFe-based oxygen evolution anode into a zero-gap membrane electrolyser, it delivers an industrial-relevant CO current of 310 mA cm−2 at a low cell voltage of -2.3 V, corresponding to an overall energy efficiency of 57%. The superior CO2 electroreduction performance is attributed to the enhanced adsorption of key intermediate COOH* on electron-rich Ni single atom, together with the dense active sites.