bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrograde transgastric jejunostomy for nutritional management and aspiration prevention in cases with severe malignant esophageal strictures
Authors: Yamashita Takeshi , Otsuka Koji , Goto Satoru , Ariyoshi Tomotake , Motegi Kentaro , Kohmoto Masahiro , Saito Akira , Sato Yoshihito , Kishimoto Yutaka , Murakami Masahiko
Published: November 2023

Locally advanced esophageal cancer often presents with dysphagia and can be complicated by aspiration pneumonia. Therefore, nutritional management is important to prevent pneumonia. Enteral nutrition via gastrostomies is common in esophageal cancer patients. Here, we describe the efficacy of nutritional management using a gastrojejunostomy tube retrogradely inserted in the esophagus through gastrostomy to simultaneously drain accumulated fluid on the proximal side of a malignant stricture. We performed this procedure for two cases with severe malignant strictures using two types of endoscope insertion. A 57‐year‐old male patient (Case 1) underwent a retrograde insertion of a gastrojejunostomy tube for severe esophageal malignant stricture with severe nausea and salivary reflux. After a narrow endoscope was inserted through the gastrostomy fistula, a gastrojejunostomy tube was inserted alongside a guidewire allowing the patient to undergo definitive chemoradiotherapy without symptoms. An 82‐year‐old male patient (Case 2) was scheduled for a minimally invasive esophagectomy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy after gastrostomy. However, the patient developed aspiration pneumonia due to salivary reflux; before surgery, a narrow nasal endoscope was inserted and passed through the strictures. The percutaneous endoscopic transgastric jejunostomy catheter was retrogradely inserted alongside the guidewire. In patients with malignant strictures and salivary reflux, retrograde insertion of gastrojejunostomy tubes can simultaneously provide enteral nutrition and saliva drainage.
Unveiling the impact of DNA methylation machinery: Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a in orchestrating oocyte development and cellular homeostasis
Authors: Uysal Fatma , Sukur Gozde , Bozdemir Nazlican , Cinar Ozgur
Published: November 2023

DNA methylation can be considered the most prominent in controlling the gene expression responsible for the balance between cell proliferation and cell death. In this study, we aimed to analyze the distinct contributions of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a enzymes in oocyte maturation, survival, autophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and compensation capacity of Dnmt3b and Dnmt3l enzymes in mouse oocytes. Following confirming the suppression of Dnmt1or Dnmt3a through siRNA application, the assessment involved immunofluorescence staining for Dnmts, 5mC, p62, and ROS levels. Cell death rates showed a noticeable increase while oocyte maturation rates exhibited significant reduction. Global DNA methylation showed a decline, concomitant with elevated p62 and ROS levels upon Dnmt1 or Dnmt3a knockdown. Remarkably, silencing of Dnmt1 led to an upsurge in Dnmt3a expression, whereas Dnmt3a knockdown triggered an increase in Dnmt1 levels. Furthermore, Dnmt3l expression exhibited a notable decrease after silencing of either Dnmt1 or Dnmt3a, while Dnmt3b levels remained comparable between control and siRNA‐treated groups. Collectively, this study underscores the pivotal roles of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a in orchestrating various facets of oocyte development, encompassing maturation, survival, autophagy, and ROS production. These findings offer valuable insights into the intricate regulatory network governed by DNA methylation machinery within the context of oocyte physiology.
Computational Studies towards the Optimization of the Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐2‐carboxylate: Advantages of Continuous Flow Processing
Authors: Raymond Justine L. , Detta Elena , Alza Esther , Fianchini Mauro , Pericàs Miquel A.
Published: November 2023

Several strategies to synthesize desired 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐2‐carboxylate targets have been reported over the years. The most convenient way features the preparation of the precursor triazolopyridine‐N‐oxide through a condensation step between sulfilimines and a nitrile oxide species, followed by a deoxygenation step. This paper presents a detailed work on the synthesis of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐2‐carboxylate‐N‐oxide, featuring a synergistic experimental‐theoretical approach. Herein, we report the development of an efficient and straightforward method to prepare ethyl [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐2‐carboxylate 3‐oxide in continuous flow. The transfer from batch to flow processing resulted in a significant boost in isolated yield (53 % vs. 31 %) and a decrease in the simultaneous presence of starting materials and product in the reaction media from 4 hours to 3.5 minutes. An in‐depth mechanistic study of the reaction using density functional theory provided a deeper understanding of the whole reaction manifold and key indications on how to further improve the process in flow.
It takes two: The relative contributions of parent versus child‐led regulatory behaviours on toddler vaccination pain
Authors: Gennis H. G. , Flora D. B. , McMurtry C. M. , Flanders D. , Weinberg E. , Savlov D. , Garfield H. , Pillai Riddell R.
Published: November 2023

Background

Past research has established the important role of parent soothing in early childhood pain management. However, limited research has assessed children's own emerging emotion regulation strategies to reduce their pain during vaccination. The purpose of the current study was to understand the relative contributions of child‐led emotion‐regulation behaviours over and above parent regulatory behaviours and pre‐needle distress.

Methods

Toddler‐caregiver dyads were videotaped at their 12‐ and/or 18‐month vaccinations. Videos were coded for pain‐related behavioural distress, child‐led regulatory behaviours (disengagement of attention, parent‐focused behaviours, and physical self‐soothing), and parent regulatory/soothing behaviours (distraction, physical comfort, rocking, verbal reassurance). Pre‐needle distress, followed by parent regulatory behaviours, followed by child regulatory behaviours were used as hierarchical predictors of pain regulation. Two sets of models were estimated at each age, by incorporating parent and child regulatory behaviours at 1 min and 2 min post‐needle, separately.

Results

At both ages, child‐led parent‐focused behaviours predicted less regulation. At 18 months, parent soothing behaviours (e.g. distraction, verbal reassurance, rocking) played a stronger role in regulation, however; the only behaviour that increased regulation was rocking.

Conclusions

Measuring both parent and child regulatory behaviours was important for fully understanding pain‐related distress regulation. Toddlers' use of parent‐focused regulatory behaviours (e.g. proximity seeking) suggests that they signal to their parent directly when they are struggling to regulate post‐needle. The only parent behaviour that supported this regulation was rocking at 18 months, suggesting a greater need to understand the sensitivity of parent behaviours post‐needle.

Significance

To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine both parent and child regulatory behaviours following vaccination at different stages in toddlerhood. This investigation allows a deeper understanding of the dyadic nature of early childhood vaccination, as well as the evolving role of the parent through toddlerhood. Importantly, findings suggest that toddlers do not simply wait for their parents to respond to their pain post‐needle and provide clear signals to show their need of support in regulation.
The experiences of having a sibling with an eating disorder: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Heneghan Anya , Manitsa Ifigeneia , Livanou Maria , Treasure Janet
Published: November 2023

Objective

Research on carers in the context of eating disorders (EDs) has predominantly focused on parents and offspring, overlooking the adverse effects EDs have on the lives of siblings. This study aims to shift the paradigm by reviewing the literature in this area. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first review of the literature that broadly captured the lived experiences of siblings without being limited by specific search terms such as coping strategies and levels of psychopathology.

Method

Six databases (ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched using predetermined search strings. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies were included as long as they were focused on siblings' experiences of having a brother or sister with an ED. No publication date restrictions were applied, and thorough quality assessments were initially carried out before a qualitative analysis of the data was conducted.

Results

Twenty‐one studies were eligible for inclusion, thematic synthesis yielded six core themes, and 17 subthemes related to the inter‐ and intrapersonal impacts of the ED on siblings' lives. These themes and sub‐themes include fragmentation in family relationships, parentification, and competition and jealousy.

Conclusion

It is of utmost importance to gain a better understanding of siblings' experiences and needs in relation to EDs. The findings are discussed in relation to the existing literature and theoretical and clinical implications, for example, tailored approaches accounting for siblings' experiences.
Dichroic switching of core–shell plasmonic nanoparticles on reflective surfaces
Authors: Liang Tian , Li Zhiwei , Bai Yaocai , Yin Yadong
Published: November 2023

Plasmonic metal nanostructures can simultaneously scatter and absorb light, with resonance wavelength and strength depending on their morphology and composition. This work demonstrates that unique dichroic effects and high‐contrast colour‐switching can be achieved by leveraging the resonant scattering and absorption of light by plasmonic nanostructures and the specular reflection of the resulting transmitted light. Using core/shell nanostructures comprising a metal core and a dielectric shell, we show that their spray coating on reflective substrates produces dichroic films that can display colour switching at different viewing angles. The high‐contrast colour switching, high flexibility in designing multicolour patterns, and convenience for large‐scale production promise their wide range of applications, including anticounterfeiting, mechanochromic sensing, colour display, and printing.
Enhancing physics informed neural networks for solving Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Farkane Ayoub , Ghogho Mounir , Oudani Mustapha , Boutayeb Mohamed
Published: November 2023

Fluid mechanics is a critical field in both engineering and science. Understanding the behavior of fluids requires solving the Navier–Stokes equation (NSE). However, the NSE is a complex partial differential equation that can be challenging to solve, and classical numerical methods can be computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose enhancing physics‐informed neural networks (PINNs) by modifying the residual loss functions and incorporating new computational deep learning techniques. We present two enhanced models for solving the NSE. The first model involves developing the classical PINN for solving the NSE, based on a stream function approach to the velocity components. We have added the pressure training loss function to this model and integrated the new computational training techniques. Furthermore, we propose a second, more flexible model that directly approximates the solution of the NSE without making any assumptions. This model significantly reduces the training duration while maintaining high accuracy. Moreover, we have successfully applied this model to solve the three‐dimensional NSE. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approaches, offering several advantages, including high trainability, flexibility, and efficiency.
A review of the dietary diversity and micronutrient adequacy among the women of reproductive age in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Islam Md. Hafizul , Nayan Md. Moniruzzaman , Jubayer Ahmed , Amin Md. Ruhul
Published: November 2023

The dietary quality of women of reproductive age (WRA) is particularly important during preconception, conception, and pregnancy for themselves and their offspring. Poorly diversified diets resulting in inadequate micronutrient consumption may have adverse effects on their health. This narrative review summarizes the findings of studies reporting on dietary diversity and micronutrient intake by WRA in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Studies on WRA aged 15–49 years in LMICs, with a sample size of more than 150, report dietary diversity and multiple micronutrient intake based on 24‐h dietary recall/food weighed record/food frequency questionnaire, and published between January 2011 and June 2021 were included. The results were compared to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommended cut‐off for dietary diversity and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) recommended age‐ and sex‐specific estimated average requirements (EARs) for micronutrient intake. This review includes 35 articles, of which 21 focused on dietary diversity and 14 on micronutrient intake. The results showed that WRA in LMICs had inadequate dietary diversity, with mean food group consumption of only 3.0–4.84, and around 42.3%–90% of women consumed inadequately diversified diets (<5 food groups). Additionally, most studies found that WRA did not consume adequate amounts of essential micronutrients, particularly calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, folate, and vitamin B12. However, the intake of vitamin C, niacin, and vitamin B6 was above the required levels. In conclusion, this review highlights the common inadequacy of dietary diversity and multiple micronutrient intake among WRA in most LMICs. Effective measures involving improving dietary diversity, food fortification with micronutrients, and supplementation programs could help improve the dietary quality and intake of optimal micronutrients by women in LMICs.
The intra‐individual reliability of 1H‐MRS measurement in the anterior cingulate cortex across 1 year
Authors: Wang Meng‐Yun , Korbmacher Max , Eikeland Rune , Craven Alexander R. , Specht Karsten
Published: November 2023

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is the primary method that can measure the levels of metabolites in the brain in vivo. To achieve its potential in clinical usage, the reliability of the measurement requires further articulation. Although there are many studies that investigate the reliability of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), comparatively few studies have investigated the reliability of other brain metabolites, such as glutamate (Glu), N‐acetyl‐aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), phosphocreatine (PCr), or myo‐inositol (mI), which all play a significant role in brain development and functions. In addition, previous studies which predominately used only two measurements (two data points) failed to provide the details of the time effect (e.g., time‐of‐day) on MRS measurement within subjects. Therefore, in this study, MRS data located in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were repeatedly recorded across 1 year leading to at least 25 sessions for each subject with the aim of exploring the variability of other metabolites by using the index coefficient of variability (CV); the smaller the CV, the more reliable the measurements. We found that the metabolites of NAA, tNAA, and tCr showed the smallest CVs (between 1.43% and 4.90%), and the metabolites of Glu, Glx, mI, and tCho showed modest CVs (between 4.26% and 7.89%). Furthermore, we found that the concentration reference of the ratio to water results in smaller CVs compared to the ratio to tCr. In addition, we did not find any time‐of‐day effect on the MRS measurements. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that the MRS measurement is reasonably reliable in quantifying the levels of metabolites.
Early career researchers and mental health: Observational study of challenge and wellbeing
Authors: Cilli Eleonora , Ranieri Jessica , Guerra Federica , Di Giacomo Dina
Published: November 2023

Background

Early career researchers (ECRs) are a strategic sector in the academic community because they represent a scientific incubator for future academic scholars. Recently, growing evidence suggests that relevant doctoral researchers work under elevated levels of stress and frustration and that this has a significant impact on their personal health and research output and their future career development. This study aimed to analyse the well‐being and mental health within ECR, focusing on coping strategies for stress, and to contribute and exploit a conceptual framework tailored to the academic context considering the specifics and challenges of academia.

Methods

Participants were 134 young early career academics (mean age = 30.6; SD = 4.38; range = 25–40 years) enrolled via institutional email. A 94‐item questionnaire was created using Survey Monkey and distributed between October and December 2022. The survey assessment was based on three parts: (1) sociodemographic data, (2) psychological assessment, and (3) research skills design.

Results

Our findings highlighted a general trend toward negative psychological dimensions in ECRs: PhD students and research contracts appeared to be stressed, anxious, and depressed. Moreover, they had segmented ECRs: PhD students showed higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress than research contracts, highlighting reduced positive outcomes in psychological dimensions, as well as lower ability to manage emotional experiences and then to be perseverant for long‐term goals and motivation. Our findings highlight that mental health in ECRs is a challenge that needs to be addressed in academia.

Conclusions

New and innovative ways of encouraging help‐seeking must be developed and implemented to address policy changes, communication activities, training, and health‐promotion activities through the circulation of experience, sharing actions, and strategies to foster healthy academics by raising awareness, implementing interventions, or engaging professionals concerning mental health in academia.
A successful term birth 10 years after laparoscopic Strassman's metroplasty for bicornuate uterus: A case report
Authors: Liu Dong , Wang Ying , Huang Wei
Published: November 2023

SYNOPSIS

A case of successful term birth 10 years after laparoscopic Strassman's metroplasty for bicornuate uterus.
Investigating Torsin‐1A‐interacting protein 1 as a predictive and immunological biomarker in cancer
Authors: Kaur Gurleen , Suri Gurparsad Singh , Shinde Dheeraj
Published: November 2023

Background

Cancer poses a significant global challenge, and with the projected rise in cancer incidence, there is an urgent need to discover new targets and treatments to improve patient outcomes. Recent advancements in genomics technologies have enhanced our understanding of cancer's complexities and led to the emergence of pan‐cancer analysis as a valuable approach for identifying tumor targets. Torsin‐1A‐interacting protein 1 (TOR1AIP1) is a membrane protein involved in various cellular processes. Emerging evidence suggests its potential involvement in cancer.

Methods

In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of multiple databases to explore TOR1AIP1 expression across different cancer types and stages. We also investigated its correlation with clinical outcomes, such as survival rates and drug sensitivity.

Results

The results of our analysis showed significant deregulation of TOR1AIP1 expression in multiple cancer types and its association with clinical outcomes, with a particular emphasis on kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. The results of our study highlight the potential predictive value of TOR1AIP1 in cancer prognosis and therapy.

Conclusions

This study establishes a solid foundation and rationale for future experimental investigations, which will contribute to a deeper understanding of the significance of TOR1AIP1 in different cancer types, specifically in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.
Reassessing theories of capital structure: Empirical insights from companies listed in Vietnam
Authors: Dai Ya , Guo Liang , Guo Chang , Zhang Hongxian
Published: November 2023

Over the past decade, the Vietnamese capital market has undergone a remarkable transformation, with a significant focus on its stock market that has displayed substantial expansion since 2012. This research delves into the impact of this market progression on the choices pertaining to capital structure made by companies listed in Vietnam. By analyzing a range of trade‐off and pecking order models and amalgamating them into a unified regression framework, we gauge their capacity to elucidate these decisions. Our study outcomes unveil that the trade‐off theory offers a more robust rationale for the capital structure determinations of Vietnamese companies, particularly during the post‐2012 period. Furthermore, we observe a notable increase in the pace of leverage adjustments made by Vietnamese companies post‐2012. Subsequent analysis indicates that this acceleration is primarily driven by overleveraged firms, as opposed to underleveraged ones. This study contributes valuable insights into the relationship between capital market development and capital structure choices within the Vietnamese context. It offers important implications for policymakers, investors, and corporate decision‐makers seeking to better understand and navigate the evolving dynamics of the Vietnamese capital market.
AdaRes: A deep learning‐based model for ultrasound image denoising: Results of image quality metrics, radiomics, artificial intelligence, and clinical studies
Authors: Abbasian Ardakani Ali , Mohammadi Afshin , Vogl Thomas J. , Kuzan Taha Yusuf , Acharya U Rajendra
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The quality of ultrasound images is degraded by speckle and Gaussian noises. This study aims to develop a deep‐learning (DL)‐based filter for ultrasound image denoising.

Methods

A novel DL‐based filter using adaptive residual (AdaRes) learning was proposed. Five image quality metrics (IQMs) and 27 radiomics features were used to evaluate denoising results. The effect of our proposed filter, AdaRes, on four pre‐trained convolutional neural network (CNN) classification models and three radiologists was assessed.

Results

AdaRes filter was tested on both natural and ultrasound image databases. IQMs results indicate that AdaRes could remove noises in three different noise levels with the highest performances. In addition, a radiomics study proved that AdaRes did not distort tissue textures and it could preserve most radiomics features. AdaRes could also improve the performance classification using CNNs in different settings. Finally, AdaRes also improved the mean overall performance (AUC) of three radiologists from 0.494 to 0.702 in the classification of benign and malignant lesions.

Conclusions

AdaRes filtered out noises on ultrasound images more effectively and can be used as an auxiliary preprocessing step in computer‐aided diagnosis systems. Radiologists may use it to remove unwanted noises and improve the ultrasound image quality before the interpretation.
Lessons learned from a non‐traditional application process: Integrating user experiences to inform admission application design
Authors: Wolcott Michael D. , Cromartie Jazmin , Mason Daniel E. , Stewart Jade S. X. , Werth Kimberly J.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The research aim was to gather applicant expectations and perspectives with a user‐centered approach during a pilot application process for a new dental school. The goal was to inform future admissions practices at our institution and for programs broadly.

Methods

The High Point University admission team developed an electronic application external to current centralized services that was launched from May to August 2022. Participants who completed the application were requested to complete an electronic survey of closed‐ and open‐ended questions about the factors influencing their application decisions, feedback about how to optimize the experience, and their overall satisfaction using a Net Promoter Score.

Results

A total of 303 applicants (79% response rate) completed the survey about their application experience. The most influential reason for applying to the program was the optional Dental Admissions Test requirement (43%). Participants frequently referenced a need for a more human‐centered process focused on the candidate rather than their numerical values and that the process should be smooth, straight‐forward, short, easy, and simple. Participants requested that experiences should be weighed the most in the application process followed by letters of recommendation. Most applicants were “promoters” (68%) for the program with a Net Promoter Score of 62. Moreover, 32% and 45% rated the application process as the best or better application experience compared to other programs.

Conclusion

Programs can benefit from collecting applicant's (i.e., users) opinions and feedback about their expectations and experiences to inform more user‐centered application processes.
Simultaneous visualization of micro‐damage in cortical bone, trabecular bone, and intracortical vasculature for diagnosing osteoporosis: An animal model synchrotron imaging
Authors: Kim Subok , Jang Sanghun , Lee Onseok
Published: November 2023

Osteoporosis (OP) is difficult to diagnose through the three‐dimensional visualization of micro‐damage. In this study, aimed to make an objective diagnosis by visualizing micro‐damage caused by OP using synchrotron radiation‐based μCT (SR‐μCT). Female mice (n = 12) were randomly divided into an ovariectomized group (OVX, n = 6) in which both ovaries were excised and OP occurred, and a sham‐operated group (SHAM, n = 6). After six weeks, all femurs (left and right) were excised from both groups (n = 12 per group). Thereafter, femurs were randomly divided into SR‐μCT (OVX group, n = 6; SHAM group, n = 6) and μCT (OVX group, n = 6; SHAM group, n = 6) groups. In the SR‐μCT group, micro‐damage was visualized by manually segmenting the cortical bone, trabecular bone, and intracortical vasculature using a water‐shedding algorithm. In addition, trabecular bone was obtained by automatic segmentation using μCT. Cortical bone volume/total volume was greater (p = .015), and cortical thickness was greater in the SHAM group than in the OVX group (p = .007). Among the trabecular bone parameters, the bone volume/total volume (TV) in OVX was significantly lower than that in the SHAM group (p = .012). The canal volume was greater (p = .021) and lacuna volume was greater (p < .001) in the SHAM group than in the OVX group. We expect that it will be possible to analyze damage and recovery mechanisms in the field of rehabilitation. SR‐μCT has been proposed as an objective method for OP diagnosis as it allows the visualization of microstructures.

Research Highlights

Damage mechanism for diagnosis and evaluation in an osteoporosis model.

Synchrotron radiation can objectively diagnose osteoporosis.

Visualization is possible by segmenting microdamage caused by osteoporosis.
Single fiber curvature for muscle impairment assessment: Phase contrast imaging of stroke‐induced animals
Authors: Kim Subok , Jang Sanghun , Lee Onseok
Published: November 2023

There are technical challenges in imaging studies that can three‐dimensionally (3D) analyze a single fiber (SF) to observe the functionality of the entire muscle after stroke. This study proposes a 3D assessment technique that only segments the SF of the right stroke‐induced soleus muscle of a gerbil using synchrotron radiation x‐ray microcomputed tomography (SR‐μCT), which is capable of muscle structure analysis. Curvature damage in the SF of the left soleus muscle (impaired) progressed at 7‐day intervals after the stroke in the control; particularly on the 7 days (1 week) and 14 days (2 weeks), as observed through visualization analysis. At 2 weeks, the SF volume was significantly reduced in the control impaired group (p = .033), and was significantly less than that in the non‐impaired group (p = .009). We expect that animal post‐stroke studies will improve the basic field of rehabilitation therapy by diagnosing the degree of SF curvature.

Research Highlights

Muscle evaluation after ischemic stroke using synchrotron radiation x‐ray microcomputed tomography (SR‐μCT).

Curvature is measured by segmenting a single fiber (SF) in the muscle.

Structural changes in the SF of impaired gerbils at 7‐day intervals were assessed.
Synthesis of trifold‐labeled versatile reagent [3,5‐13C2,4‐15 N]4‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione
Authors: Bourgeois Frederic , Höller Ulrich , Netscher Thomas
Published: November 2023

Triazolinediones are an important class of derivatization agents that have found application in various research disciplines. Their unique reactivity often allows precise and selective tagging of relevant molecular scaffolds to facilitate structural elucidation, tracking in biological systems, and stabilization of labile compounds. Recent research efforts mainly focused on the development of novel fluorescent and ionizable or isotopically labeled tags improving the quantification and identification of the parent molecule by suitable analytical methods. However, these concepts often lack the ability to improve properties facilitating the analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We herein describe the first synthesis of 13C and 15N labeled [3,5‐13C2,4‐15 N]4‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione utilizing the Cookson/Zinner–Deucker synthesis of urazoles. The introduced isotopic labels are ideally suited to support the structural elucidation of unknown and complex derivatization mixtures by NMR, thereby exploiting the increased sensitivity of detecting long‐range JHC and additional JCC and JCN couplings within the derivatized compounds of interest.
Continuously wavelength tunable, continuous wave laser ideal for UV Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Roppel Ryan D. , Asher Sanford A.
Published: November 2023

We utilize a novel, high‐power, tunable, continuous wave (CW) deep UV laser to measure resonance Raman spectra of phenolate solutions with high signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNR). In UV resonance Raman (UVRR), increased coupling of the excitation light with a chromophore can transfer molecules into excited states that cause increased heating and photochemistry. Deep UV lasers have traditionally utilized high peak powers to enable efficient single‐pass nonlinear conversion from visible into near infrared light. Nonlinear phenomena such as the formation of transient radical species, Raman saturation, thermal heating, and dielectric breakdown can introduce extraneous light sources that can complicate the interpretation of the Raman spectrum. Dielectric breakdown can increase the baseline, increase noise, and sometimes saturate the detector, preventing Raman detection. Spontaneous Raman scattering intensities should scale linearly with the excitation light intensity. However, this linear behavior does not always occur with pulsed laser excitation. This occurs because stimulated Raman scattering can cause a superlinear intensity response, or transient absorption can cause sublinear intensity responses. CW laser excitation excites samples with electric fields that are much lower than typical pulsed laser excitation. This eliminates the nonlinear responses. The geometry of our new CW laser enables high gain in the harmonic generation cavities that achieve high harmonic generation efficiencies. Average power in the deep UV is >30 mW for wavelengths as short as 206 nm. In the work here, we demonstrate that CW excitation is ideal for resonance Raman measurements in general to reduce spectral complexity.
Self‐assembled pea vicilin nanoparticles as nanocarriers for improving the antioxidant activity, environmental stability and sustained‐release property of curcumin
Authors: Liu Huihui , Wang Zijun , Xu Jingjing , Ji Fuyun , Luo Shuizhong , Zhong Xiyang , Zhao Yanyan , Zheng Zhi
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

The application of curcumin (Cur) in the food industry is usually limited by its low water solubility and poor stability. This study aimed to fabricate self‐assembled nanoparticles using pea vicilin (7S) through a pH‐shifting method (pH 7–pH 12–pH 7) to develop water‐soluble nanocarriers of Cur.

RESULTS

Intrinsic fluorescence, far‐UV circular dichroism spectra and transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that the structure of 7S could be unfolded at pH 12.0 and refolded when the pH shifted to 7.0. The assembled 7S–Cur exhibited a high loading ability of 81.63 μg mg−1 for Cur and homogeneous particle distribution. Cur was encapsulated in the 7S hydrophobic nucleus in an amorphous form and combined through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding, resulting in the static fluorescence quenching of 7S. Compared with free Cur, the retention rates of Cur in 7S–Cur were approximately 1.12 and 1.70 times higher under UV exposure at 365 nm or heating at 75 °C for 120 min, respectively, as well as 7S–Cur showing approximately 1.50 times higher antioxidant activity. During simulated gastrointestinal experiments, 7S–Cur exhibited a better sustained‐release property than free Cur.

CONCLUSION

The self‐assembled 7S nanocarriers prepared using a pH‐shifting method effectively improved the antioxidant activity, environmental stability and sustained‐release property of Cur. Therefore, 7S isolated from pea protein could be used as potential nanocarriers for Cur. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Use of sensory and physico‐chemical parameters to understand consumer perception of attiéké, a fermented cassava product
Authors: Diby N'Nan A. Sylvie , Deffan Kahndo Prudence , Adinsi Laurent , Bechoff Aurélie , Kanon Alban Landry , Bouniol Alexandre , Yapi Yapi Eric , Deuscher Zoé , Bugaud Christophe , N'Zué Boni , Ebah Djedji Catherine Bomoh
Published: November 2023

Background

Cassava breeding research programs focused initially on agronomic performance but in recent years they have considered the processability and the organoleptic properties of the final product, to increase the adoption of new varieties. One important cassava foodstuff is attiéké, a fermented and granular product, so it is necessary to determine criteria used by attiéké processors to select raw cassava and the characteristics leading consumers to like this product. This study assessed the attiéké production process, the criteria associated with the quality of attiéké, the sensory drivers of consumer acceptance, and their thresholds.

Results

The total processing yield of attiéké varied according to the cassava variety and depended primarily on the fermentation‐pressing yield. However, it was not correlated either with the peeling yield or with morphological characteristics of cassava roots. The production of a ton of attiéké required about 150 h. Dry matter, organic acids, soluble sugars, total pectin, and the pH of raw material and attiéké varied depending on the cassava variety. Ten discriminating sensory attributes of attiéké were identified. Consumer testing showed that overall liking for attiéké was associated with sourness, texture, and brightness. Acceptable sensory score thresholds were 1.67–2.18 for sour odor, 4.75 to 6.3 for cohesiveness, and 5.4 to 6.3 for ‘mouthfeel sensation’. Attiéké dry matter correlated positively with cohesiveness and moldability.

Conclusions

Several potential solutions are discussed to improve the adoption of cassava varieties for attiéké production. However, further studies need to be carried out to translate the sensory thresholds of texture attributes into robust instrumental methods because texture is an important attribute of attiéké in addition to sourness. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Characterization of rusk incorporated with black rice (Oryza sativa L.) for its physicochemical and functional properties, in‐vitro starch digestibility, and anti‐inflammatory efficacy
Authors: Kumari Rashim , Gupta Mahesh
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

The consumption of bakery goods is gradually increasing due to their accessibility, convenience, distinctive flavor, and affordability. The food industry is experimenting with novel methods of fortification, supplementation, enrichment, and adding value to bakery ingredients. The present investigation assessed the physicochemical, morphological, and sensorial properties, and anti‐inflammatory efficacy of rusks with black rice incorporated.

RESULTS

The addition of black rice flour significantly increased (P < 0.05) the total ash (from 1.34 to 1.78 g·kg−1), crude protein (from 5.68 to 75 g·kg−1), and total fat (from 11.93 to 12.80 g·kg−1) content but the carbohydrate content of the rusk decreased significantly (from 76.23 to 71.42 g·kg−1). Similarly, the phenolic and flavonoid content increased and showed excellent free‐radical scavenging activity after black rice incorporation. The inclusion of black rice flour led to improved functional properties while decreasing the rate of starch digestion and the eGlycemic Index (eGI) score. The sensory scores declined after black rice incorporation but for all rusk samples acceptability was above the lowest level (i.e., ≥5).

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrated that the incorporation of black rice flour into refined wheat flour can enhance the nutritional value of rusk and that it is possible to prepare rusk and other bakery goods using up to 30% black rice with taste and other sensory attributes similar to control rusk. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The potential of biofortification technologies for wheat and rice to fill the nutritional Zn intake gap in China
Authors: Liu Lu , Melse‐Boonstra Alida , van der Werf Wopke , Zhang Fusuo , Cong Wen‐Feng , Stomph Tjeerd jan
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Zinc (Zn) deficiency in humans is of worldwide concern. The objective of this study was to investigate the Zn intake gap in Chinese adults and identify the potential role of biofortification technologies for wheat and rice, including crop nutrient management and breeding, in filling the gap.

RESULTS

We use data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2011 to identify food consumption patterns and dietary Zn intake of 4512 adults to define and quantify the Zn intake gap in the population. The dietary Zn intake gap of surveyed adults ranged from −0.8 to 6.53 mg day−1 across nine provinces and differences were associated with differences in food consumption patterns. Both dietary Zn intake and Zn gap for males were higher than for females. The potential of changes in five management strategies (improved nitrogen fertilization, improved phosphorus fertilization, foliar Zn fertilization, improved water management and growing varieties reaching the grain Zn breeding target) was analyzed. Breeding and foliar Zn fertilization were shown to be the two most effective management strategies that could increase dietary intake by 1.29 to 5 mg Zn day−1 dependent on sex and province.

CONCLUSION

This study shows that the Zn gap varied across regions in China, with some large enough to warrant interventions. Wheat and rice as two major Zn sources could be targeted without a direct need for dietary diversification. By promoting both biofortification breeding of wheat and rice and Zn fertilization, dietary Zn intake could be enhanced to contribute to human health improvement in China. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Delayed esophagectomy for adenocarcinoma is associated with a negative impact on long‐term survival and an increased risk of perioperative morbidity
Authors: Huang Valerie P. , Ding Li , Kim Anthony W. , Wightman Sean C. , Atay Scott M.
Published: November 2023

Objective

Delayed esophagectomy (DE) following chemoradiation therapy (CXRT) for esophageal carcinoma is undertaken in selected patients. This study aimed to assess both short‐term outcomes and long‐term survival for patients with adenocarcinoma undergoing DE.

Methods

The National Cancer Database was queried for patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical stage II–III esophageal adenocarcinoma undergoing esophagectomy after CXRT. Patients were categorized as (1) DE, ≥90 days between completion of CXRT and surgery or (2) nondelayed esophagectomy (NDE), <90 days. Cox regression was performed to identify factors associated with mortality.

Results

A total of 8157 patients met criteria. Age >69, nonwhite race, Medicare/Medicaid insured patients preferentially underwent DE. Five‐year overall survival (OS) favored NDE (36% vs. 31%, p = 0.008). Cox regression identified DE, clinical stage >T2, or >N0 as factors associated with mortality. Within the DE group, OS favored early cT‐status. DE fared worse than NDE in 30‐ and 90‐day mortality (4.5%/11.1% vs. 2.9%/6.5%, p < 0.01/p < 0.001) and margin positive resection (7.1% vs. 4.2%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

For esophageal adenocarcinoma, DE is associated with decreased OS compared to NDE. For DE, cT‐status is prognostic for OS, while cN‐status was not. Increased 30‐/90‐day mortality and margin positive resection rates for DE question whether patients with locally advanced (cT3/T4) primary esophageal adenocarcinoma should undergo intentional DE.
The efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants compared with low‐molecular‐weight heparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after surgical resection of primary lower extremity bone or soft‐tissue sarcoma
Authors: LiBrizzi Christa L. , Agarwal Amil R. , Chiu Anthony K. , Morris Carol D. , Thakkar Savyasachi C. , Levin Adam S.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The incidence of postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) and wound complications is greater after sarcoma resection. We sought to identify differences in postoperative VTE and bleeding complications with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) following resection of lower extremity primary bone or soft tissue sarcoma.

Methods

We retrospectively identified 2083 patients from the PearlDiver database who underwent resection of primary bone or soft tissue sarcoma of the lower extremity from January 2010 to October 2021 and prescribed LMWH or DOAC within 90‐days postoperatively. The primary outcomes were comparison of postoperative incidence and odds of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and bleeding complications within 90‐days following resection.

Results

Patients prescribed DOACs had a greater odds of DVT (odds ratio [OR]: 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–2.41; p = 0.024) and PE (OR: 3.38; 95% CI: 1.96–5.86; p < 0.001) within 90‐days following resection of bone sarcoma when compared with the LMWH cohort. Patients undergoing resection of soft tissue sarcomas also had greater odds DVT (OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.09–2.49; p = 0.016) and PE (OR: 2.62; 95% CI: 1.52–4.54; p < 0.001) in the DOAC cohort. There was no difference in the odds of bleeding complications.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated an increased incidence and odds of VTE, but not bleeding complications, when using DOACs versus LMWH after primary bone or soft tissue sarcoma resection.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
A preliminary analysis of patient reported outcomes following posterolateral mandible reconstruction: The role of flap type
Authors: Cohen Zack , Zhang Kevin K. , Kim Minji , Haglich Kathryn , Woods Jack , Monge Jasmine , Matros Evan , Boyle Jay O. , McCarthy Colleen , Cracchiolo Jennifer R. , Cohen Marc A. , Shahzad Farooq , Nelson Jonas A. , Allen Robert J.
Published: November 2023

Background

The choice of tissue type for free flap reconstruction of posterolateral mandible resections is dependent on patient and defect characteristics. We compared clinical and patient‐reported outcomes following reconstruction of these defects with a soft tissue or bony free flap.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent posterolateral segmental mandibulectomy with immediate free flap reconstruction at MSKCC from 2006 to 2021. Outcomes of interest were patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) assessed by FACE‐Q surveys and complications at the flap recipient site.

Results

Ninety patients received a bony flap and 24 patients received a soft tissue flap. Patients reconstructed with soft tissue flaps had greater rates of composite soft tissue defects (p < 0.0001), condyle resection (p = 0.001), and peripheral vascular disease (p = 0.035). Complication rates were similar between the cohorts (p > 0.05). Bony flaps scored higher on multiple FACE‐Q scales: Facial Appearance (p = 0.023) Eating/Drinking (p = 0.029), Smiling (p = 0.012), Speaking (p < 0.001), Swallowing (p = 0.012), Smiling Distress (p = 0.037), and Speaking Distress (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Reconstruction of posterolateral mandibular defects has a similar complication profile when utilizing a bony or soft tissue free flap. Bony flaps may perform better with respect to PROMs. Reconstructive surgeons should consider using bony flap reconstruction to achieve higher patient satisfaction and quality of life.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder: Demographics and outcomes associated with surgery and radiotherapy
Authors: Larkins Michael C. , Pasli Melisa , Bhatt Arjun , Burke Aidan
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives

Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder (SCCB) is a rare disease composing 2%−5% of all bladder cancers with no consensus regarding treatment. The present study aims to analyze the outcomes of established treatments, namely chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, to guide clinical decision‐making for patients with non‐schistosomal SCCB.

Methods

Patients with bladder SCC diagnosed between 2000 and 2018 were reviewed utilizing data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Registry (SEER) program.

Results

A total of 5653 patients with SCCB were identified; median survival was 13 months and was significantly decreased in patients treated with chemotherapy or radiation (median survival of 9 or 12 months, respectively). Patients treated with both surgery and radiotherapy saw a decreased 5 year overall survival (OS) of 14%, compared to 35% for those treated with surgery alone (p < 0.01). Furthermore, patients treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy saw a decreased 5 year OS of 20%, compared with 25% for those that received surgery and chemotherapy only (p < 0.01). Finally, surgical intervention provided an increased 5 year OS for patients with locoregional disease only; those with distant disease saw no increase in 5 year OS (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Based on this study's analysis, radical surgery may be the most effective treatment for this disease.