bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHYLOPERITONEUM IN NEWBORNS: ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT
Authors: Kucherov Y. I. , Kholodnova N. V. , Adleiba S. R. , Belaya A. L. , Makarova L. M. , Ovsyannikova M. A. , Zhirkova Yu. V.
Published: June 2020

The present article is a literature review on etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, conservative and surgical treatment of chyloperitoneum in newborns. Chyloperitoneum is an extremely rare pathology in children and, not in all cases it is possible to find its cause. The management protocol for chyloperitoneum has not been developed. The most effective approach for managing this disease is a starvation pause, than transfer to full parenteral nutrition, administration of somatostatin (octreotide) and drainage of the abdominal cavity. Conservative therapy may take several months and, its effectiveness reaches 60-100%. Surgical treatment is aimed to indentify a focus of lymph leakage and its elimination; in severe cases, the fibrin glue is used.
ILEOFEMORAL THROMBOSIS AS A COMPLICATION OF ACUTE HEMATOGENOUS OSTEOMYELITIS OF THE FEMORAL BONE IN A 3-YEAR-OLD CHILD
Authors: Mashkov A. E. , Slesarev V. V. , Polyanskaya Z. I.
Published: June 2020

The case of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in a 3-year-old child with the development of a rare and life-threatening complication-deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb with a floating thrombus is described. Anticoagulant therapy under the control of ultrasound duplex scanning of veins of lower extremities allowed to avoid repeated surgery and other complications.
A RARE CASE OF THE COMBINATION OF OMPHALOCELE WITH ISOLATED ENTEROCYSTS IN A NEWBORN
Authors: Katsupeev V. B. , Chepurnoy G. I. , Chepurnoy M. G. , Matveev O. L. , Dadayan A. G. , Volovik K. G. , Babich I. I. , Khoronko Yu. V. , Lukash Yu. V.
Published: June 2020

The authors describe an extremely rare combination of omphalocele and isolated segments of the small intestine with enetercystomas having their own mesentery. This pathology was manifested by a syndrome of partial intestinal obstruction during 50 days after suturing the anterior abdominal wall because of omphalocele. During relaparotomy, a pair of separated intestinal fragments with hypertension in their inner content was removed. The patient recovered completely.
ABDOMINOSCROTAL HYDROCELE IN AN INFANT
Authors: Mashkov A. E. , Slesarev V. V. , Druzyuk E. Z.
Published: June 2020

The authors describe a rare case of abdominocrotal hydrocele in an infant. A huge cyst of the abdominal cavity was found at the sonographic and X-ray CT examination of the abdominal cavity. During surgery, a giant hydrocele sized 8.0 x 7.0 cm and having communication with the right inguinal canal and scrotum was revealed in the abdominal cavity. The cyst was removed after a preliminary separation of a 15 cm sperm duct which was located along the posteromedial surface of the cyst. After the surgery, the infant recovered completely.
AN UNSUTURED MESENTERY DEFECT AFTER COLON GRAFT FORMATION IN ESOPHAGOPLASTY IN CHILDREN
Authors: Chepurnoy M. G. , Chepurnoy G. I. , Averin V. I. , Nesteruk L. N. , Grinevich Yu. M. , Katsupeev V. B. , Demidenko K. A. , Kovalev M. V. , Azatyan A. A.
Published: June 2020

Purpose. To decrease the number of complications at the intra-abdominal stage of total esophagoplasty in children by leaving a mesentery defect unsutured after the graft formation. Material and methods. 27 children with atresia (4) and scar contraction (23) of the esophagus had esophagoplasty with a colon left-side graft on a vascular pedicle including a. colicamed; a.colicasin and the arcade between the first sigmoid artery were ligated and cut. The graft was placed behind the sternum in the antiperistaltic position. A “window” in the mesentary of the transverse colon was left unsutured after the graft formation. Basic techniques for examination - X-ray and endoscopy. An anastomosis “end of the esophagus to the side of the colon graft” was always formed at the neck level. Results. Due to the unsutured mesentary of the transverse colon, surgeons avoided all intra-abdominal complications which may develop, if the mesentary is sutured. The right side of the colon remained intact ; neck-anastomosis fistulas were seen only in 2 (9%) patients.
LAPAROSCOPIC PROCEDURES IN CHILDREN WITH PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYSTS
Authors: Sokolov Yu. Yu. , Efremenkov A. M. , Tumanian G. T. , Akopyan M. K. , Shapkina A. N. , Akhmatov R. A. , Antonov D. V.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Pancreatic pseudocysts are encapsulated fluid sacs in the omentum having no epithelial lining; they appear in the pancreas after injury and inflammation. Recently, there has appeared a trend to treat pancreatic pseudocysts with laparoscopic surgical interventions. The article describes laparoscopic treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts in 10 children. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of laparoscopic interventions in children with pseudocysts in the pancreas. Material and methods. In 2013-2018, 10 laparoscopic surgeries in children, aged 4-17 (5 boys and 5 girls), with pancreatic pseudocysts were performed at the department of pediatric surgery in the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education. Indications for surgery were: pancreatic pseudocysts having diameter more than 6 cm and wall thickness more than 3-4 mm, no effect after the conservative therapy , cyst formation more than 3 months, persistent pain syndrome. Results. The choice of a surgical technique was defined by pseudocyst etiology and location. The children had six laparoscopic cystoeunoanastomoses, two partial cystectomies with a distal pancreatojejunoanastomosis and two partial cystectomies with a longitudinal pancreatojejunoanastomosis when the cyst was formed at the chronic pancreatitis. No intraoperative complications were seen. Early postoperative complications occurred in 2 patients: an external pancreatic fistula at the drainage site (1) and intestinal obstruction (1) at the level of the intestinal anastomosis. Conclusion. Laparoscopic surgeries in children with pancreatic pseudocysts are effective and less traumatic. The laparoscopic technique allows to make a complete revision, to perform sequestrnecrectomy , if necessary, as well as to take the material for histological examination and to ensure a reliable long-term drainage.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN PREDICTING OUTCOMES OF SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY IN CHILDREN
Authors: Ahadov T. A. , Semenova N. A. , Akhlebina M. I. , Manzhurtsev A. V. , Bozhko O. V. , Melnikov I. A. , Ublinskiy M. V.
Published: June 2020

Treatment of patients with severe traumatic brain injury is very expensive. The main problem of medical care with its adaptation to neurological outcomes is the choice of diagnostic techniques as predictive tools that reliably predict long-term neurological and psychological outcomes. The extended range of magnetic resonance techniques, including SWI, diffusion-weighted and diffusion-tensor images (DWI / DTI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging allows to identify not only anatomical, but also functional brain damage. In the review, the authors discuss the latest information on visual and quantitative assessment of abnormalities in patient with TBI; new understanding and clinical significance of various MRI methods are shown as well. The authors define new biomarkers and their potential for predicting TBI outcomes. Several combined modalities not only provide better understanding of major physiological changes in patients with TBI, but they also improve diagnostic accuracy in outcome predicting. The present review is a summary of some important researches published recently.
RECURRENCE OF INTESTINAL INTUSSUSCEPTION IN CHILDREN
Authors: Soloviev A. E. , Larkin O. A. , Rozhkova A. A.
Published: June 2020

Purpose. To evaluate outcomes in care of children with intestinal intussusception and to analyze the cause of recurrences of the disease. Material and methods. 196 children with intestinal intussusception were taken into the study. In 2009-2019, they all had standard examination, including ultrasound, radiography, laparoscopy and histological examination of the removed tissues. Results and discussions. 32 patients out of 196 children had a disease relapse. It developed after conservative desinvagination. These relapses developed: in 8 children because of the sagging of ileum mucosa into the cecum; in 4 patients- Mechelen diverticulum; in 6 - tumors of the ileocecal angle; in 8 children - hyperplasia of the lymph nodes of the mesentery. In 6 children the cause of intussusception recurrence was not defined. Conservative and laparoscopic desinvagination was not successful in any of cases with returned intussusception. Conclusion. 1) In most cases, intussusception recurrence in children was caused by mechanical factors: sagging of the ileum mucous into the cecum, Mechelen diverticulum, tumors of the ileocecal angle. 2) In case of intussusception recurrence, diagnostic laparotomy and revision of the abdominal cavity are recommended.
CORRECTION OF ALBENDAZOLE DOSAGE AFTER LIVER ECHINOCOCCTOMY
Authors: Shamsiev A. M. , Shamsiev J. A. , Rakhmanov K. E.
Published: June 2020

Purpose. To improve the quality of treatment of patients with liver echinococcosis by optimizing postoperative chemotherapy. Material and methods. 226 patients with liver echinococcosis were admitted to the surgical department of the 2nd Clinic of the Samarkand State Medical Institute in 2009-2017. Patients were divided into two groups. In 2009-2012, 112 (49.5%) patients were operated on and were included into a control group. In 2013-2017, 114 (50.5%) patients were followed -up and were included into a study group. In the control group, postoperative chemotherapy was made by the standard protocol. In the studied group, Albendazole dosage was corrected according to the initial functional state of the liver. Due to positive findings in the experimental group, Albendazole was used at the dosage 5 mg / kg / day in patients with verified chronic liver disease and if liver enzymes were elevated before surgery. Results. Adverse reactions of Albendazole chemotherapy, by clinical and laboratory parameters, could develop in 52.7% - due to the preparation toxic effect and concomitant chronic diffuse liver pathology- while under dose correction, this figure is reduced to 18.3%. Conclusion. The proposed dose correction in patients with signs of liver insufficiency normalizes biochemical parameters and reduces toxic manifestations during chemotherapy. Of these 144 patients, long-term observations revealed echinococcosis relapse in 6 (4.2%) patients.
RESULTS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF NEWBORNS WITH ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL MALFORMATIONS
Authors: Shchukina A. A. , Mokrushina O. G. , Gurskaya A. S. , Dyakonova E. Yu. , Nakovkin O. N. , Sulavko M. A. , Akhmedova D. M.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Malformations of the anterior abdominal wall in newborns is one of the actual problems in neonatal surgery. Antenatal diagnostics of such defects as omphalocele and gastroschisis allows to diagnose and perform necessary surgical interventions in time. Often, outcomes of treatment of newborns with embryonic hernia depend not only on the form of the defect, but also on the accompanying abnomalies. Purpose. To present outcomes of surgical treatment of newborns with anterior abdominal wall malformations. Material and methods. From December 2017 till May 2019, 34 pregnant women with fetal anterior abdominal wall malformations were consulted; 17 out of them with omphalocele and gastroschisis were treated. Results. In December 2017, the surgical department for newborns and infants at the National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health successfully helped children with malformations of the anterior abdominal wall. 16 children were discharged home in a satisfactory condition; there was one unsatisfactory outcome. 11 patients were treated for gastroschisis; 6 patients were treated for omphalocele. 3 patients had repeated surgeries for concomitant pathologies. There were no any adhesive processes and commissural intestinal obstruction. Conclusions. In Russia, there are two groups of newborns with anterior abdominal wall defects: children with isolated defects and children with concomitant pathologies who have an increased risk of unsatisfactory outcomes. The technique developed by us for treating newborns with anterior abdominal wall malformations and concomitant pathologies has very good cosmetic and functional results and reduces the number of postoperative complications and unsatisfactory outcomes.
ABERNATHY MALFORMATIONS IN CHILDREN. EXPERIENCE IN ENDOVASCULAR AND SURGICAL TREATMENT
Authors: Garbuzov R. V. , Polyaev Yu. A. , Stepanov A. E. , Mylnikov A. A.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Congenital portosystemic shunt (SPSS) is a congenital anomaly of the portal system. Blood from the portal system, bypassing the hepatic bloodstream, enters the systemic venous bloodflow. Clinical manifestations are not specific. SPSS can be suspected in patients with arterial hypoxemia and intrapulmonary vascular dilatation, in patients with foci of nodular hyperplasia in the liver, with carbohydrate metabolism disorders in the form of hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia, hepatic encephalopathy, hyperammoniemia. Material and methods. Nine patients ( five boys and four girls) , aged 7.7 ± 5.2, were treated in our clinic. All patients had hyperammonemia before surgery 124.5 ± 24.7 μmol / L. Five patients had endovascular SPSS occlusion. Four patients had open SPSS ligation. Results. An immediate technical success was achieved in all patients. There were no complications after endovascular treatment. There was one relapse which required a repeated endovascular occlusion. After endovascular occlusion, the length of hospital stay was shorter, postoperative period was much easier; there were no serious complications compared with the open SPSS ligation. Blood ammonia returned to normal levels in eight patients. In one patient who had multiple shunts and incomplete occlusion, blood ammonia level decreased by twice, up to 82 μmol / L. Conclusion. If SPSS is revealed, a surgical intervention is recommended to separate the portal and systemic venous blood flow. In the surgical treatment for SPSS, X-ray surgical endovascular occlusion is more preferable. If this technique was not possible, surgeons performed open surgical intervention.
HOW TO DEFINE THE LEVEL OF INTESTINAL RESECTION IN COMPLICATED FORMS OF INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION IN CHILDREN
Authors: Babich I. I. , Melnikov Y. N.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. The bowel (intestinal) obstruction is a very common case in pediatric surgical practice. Intestinal transit disorders in children are caused by organic or functional problems of congenital origin or by acquired pathology. The incidence of intestinal obstruction is steadily increasing. This is due to an increasing number of cases with congenital gastrointestinal tract malformations as well as to an increasing number and volume of surgical intestinal interventions. Materials and methods. 76 patients, aged 0 months - 14 years, with various forms of intestinal obstruction were taken into the study. All patients were divided into 2 groups. The control group had 30 patients who were treated in medical facilities of the first level; the studied group included 46 patients who were operated in our clinic. In patients from the studied group, the viability of intestine and the level of resection were defined using the original technique “ Detection of the area of local necrosis and the level of intestine resection in children with intestinal obstruction “ , patent No 2 690744, Russian Federation, developed on the basis of another patent No 2 594 978 of Russian Federation “A technique for modeling local intestinal wall necrosis in the experiment.” The technique is as follows: While performing electrical stimulation of the intestinal wall with neurostimulator HNS 12, one can see a characteristic funnel-shaped depression indicating intestinal necrosis. The level of resection is determined by moving the electrode from the central part of the studied zone to distal and proximal directions until the circular contraction of the intestine appears. Results. This technique prevented relaparotomies, reduced transfer to enteral feeding by 33%, reduced the incidence of prolonged intestinal paresis by 62.5%, reduced patients’ stay in ICU by 41% and postoperative hospital stay by 24% as well as accelerated rehabilitation process by 27.3%. Conclusion. The technique developed for detecting the area of local necrosis and the level of intestinal resection promotes a most careful resection of the affected area of the intestine till healthy tissues, as well as prevents complications requiring surgical correction.
RESIKO GANGGUAN KESEHATAN PADA MASYARAKAT SEKITAR TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR (TPA) TALANGAGUNG KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , PAMUJI RAHAYU AMY SEPTIAMUNA
Published: June 2020

The final disposal site (TPA) is a place that is needed by an area, including TPA Talangagung in Malang district. the presence of a landfill in an area will bring many problems to the people who live around the landfill. One of the problems is the risk of health problems for the community around the landfill site. This study aims to determine whether there are significant risks to public health with the Talangagung Landfill. This type of research is a type of quantitative descriptive study. The population in this study is the people who live and work in TPA Talangagung Malang Regency. The instrument used in this study used a questionnaire distributed to the community around the landfill site. From this data, we analyze using quantitative descriptive analysis by collecting data obtained from the community, then describing the results of the data collected as-is using a percentage formula. From the results of our analysis of the questionnaire data, there is no significant effect between public health and the Talangagung Landfill. However, it does not rule out the possibility of diseases suffered by the community around the TPA. The majority of people experience health problems such as coughs, colds, and itching. These health problems cannot be ascertained due to the influence of the Talangagung Landfill. TPA Talangagung Malang Regency in its implementation is by procedures set by the government following the Act. So that the impact caused by Talanggung TPA has no odor and does not cause environmental damage. Suggestions that can be submitted to the Department of Health and related Institutions are to monitor developments in the landfill so that the landfill waste does not damage the environment, especially not to disturb the health of the surrounding community.

Keywords: Health Disorders, Landfills
TRADISI SLAMETAN: YASINAN MANIFESTASI NILAI SOSIAL-KEAGAMAAN DI TRENGGALEKstasi Nilai Sosial-Keagamaan di Trenggalek
Authors: Muniri Anma
Published: June 2020

Rejecting from the negative assumption of the Islam conservatif toward slametan. It necessary to bring back positive value that contain in slametan tradition. Yasinan is identified with the slametan in Trenggalek that contain social-religious value as society unifier. Yasinan tradition is expected become an alternative social interaction to create peaceful society and full of harmony. Yasinan are also a moment for sharing and became unique Islam tradition until now. The purpose of this research is reveal social religion value that contain in yasinan. This study use a qualitative method with a phenomenology approach. There are two findings: firstly, as religious tradition which teach peace between members of the community and also as a means of giving alms. Secondly, as Islamic spirit booster for community when they yasinan is contain activities read the verses of Qur’an, tahlil and istighosah.

Keywords: slametan; yasinan; social-religious values
MODELO ESTRATÉGICO RECONFIGURÁVEL PARA A LOGÍSTICA DA INTERFACE TERRESTRE PORTUÁRIA NO CHILE
Authors: González-Ramírez Rosa G. , Ascencio Luis M. , Vairetti Carla , Dolores Gracia María , Mar-Ortiz Julio
Published: June 2020

Este artigo propõe o projeto de uma plataforma para apoiar o projeto de políticas públicas para o transporte de cargas. O foco está no que é chamado de “última milha portuária” ou interface terrestre dos portos na área interportuária, também conhecida como transporte drayage. O porto de San Antonio será considerado como estudo de caso. Os resultados dos testes e experimentos servirão como recomendações para regulamentos e normas para o projeto e desenvolvimento de serviços de economia circular em uma comunidade de logística portuária, bem como políticas públicas para o setor.
MODERNIZAÇÃO DA GESTÃO PORTUÁRIA E PLANEJAMENTO OPERACIONAL INTEGRADO
Authors: Vieira João , Fialho Gilberto Olympio Mota
Published: June 2020

Fez-se análise do primeiro segundo estágio de implatação desta reforma, foram estudados os conceitos de planejamento, execução e controle da operação, conforme o processo de melhoria contínua. Foram compatibilizadas as definições para avaliação dinâmica da capacidade e do desempenho, que possibilitam o controle operacional logístico integrado entre terminais portuários. Conceitualmente os resultados suscitados sobre métodos de avaliação do desempenho operacional em performance interna e externa deste processo de reforma do modelo de governança portuária, subsidiam as tomadas de decisões de maneira eficiente e eficaz. Garantindo maior transparência entre os atores envolvidos, conferindo maior integração dos planos de desenvolvimento em níveis estratégico, tático e operacional, em que os indicares de desempenho apontam as ociosidades, ineficiências e gargalos existentes.
ANÁLISE DAS TENDÊNCIAS DO REPOSICIONAMENTO DE CONTAINERS REFEERS VAZIOS NOS TERMINAIS CATARINENSES
Authors: Coelho Wagner Antônio , Simão Luis Eduardo , Quintino Soares Suzana
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo analisa as tendências do reposicionamento dos contêineres refeer vazios nos terminais portuários catarinenses de Itajaí, São Francisco do Sul, Navegantes, Itapoá e Imbituba, no período de 2010 a 2017. Como metodologia, utilizou-se uma abordagem quantitativa, com método de estudo de caso múltiplo, por intermédio de pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, com utilização de dados secundários. Os resultados demonstram uma concentração na movimentação de contêineres refeer cheios na exportação e de vazios na importação, muito acima da média relacionada à proporção da frota mundial de contêiner refeer e dry, com impactos na logística dos armadores e terminais portuários.
How the Ritual of a City Holiday is changing: the Case of the Amur Tiger Day
Authors: Malkova Natalya Yu.
Published: June 2020

The article explores the city holiday Amur Tiger Day in Vladivostok, which originated as a civic initiative, and later became an official event. The history of the holiday invention and the socio-cultural context of the holiday idea formation are considered, the changes in the structure and the meaning of this holiday over time are analyzed. The hypothesis is formulated that a civil initiative, representing a type of social action, can provide the creation of meanings, their preservation in a group and their transfer to newcomers only if certain strict limits or “rituals” are observed. The conducted empirical research has shown that a deviation from the established ritual results not only distorts the original idea, but also produces a more formal attitude of participants to the event. It can also become a way to solve “external” problems that are completely unrelated to the event. The obtained data make possible to conclude that there is some discrepancy between the initial aim of the holiday to form a new way of life and its nowadays perception as a matter for recreation and entertainment. The city holiday as a social action is now deritualized and this influences the citizens’ perception of the holiday and their involvement in the action.
Revolution in electronics and formation of the domestic hightech industry
Authors: Borisov Vasily P.
Published: June 2020

The use of a transistor in the middle of the twentieth century led to a revolutionary change in the design and manufacturing technology of electronic devices, which impose new requirements on the purity and uniformity of the materials used, high-quality technological and control equipment, etc. Mastering the production of semiconductor devices in the country took place within context of the Cold War and such conditions blocked our country from scientific and technological achievements of Western countries. The implementation of a unified strategy for the production of new electronics products at first was hindered by the subordination of industrial enterprises to the leadership of various economic agencies. The period from the mid-1960s to the end of the 1980s. characterized by the intensive development of semiconductor devices and the growth of their production in the country. After the collapse of the USSR and the implementation of socio-economic reforms, domestic electronics lost the value of one of the main factors in the development of the economy by the end of the 1990s, and Russia became heavily dependent on imports of electronic products. At present times, despite the lag in the technical level of a number of types of electronic products, the growth rate of production of electronic devices and equipment as a whole is higher than the general growth production rates in Russia.
Pengalaman Mempertahankan Komitmen Berpasangan pada Perempuan Dewasa Awal yang Menjalani Hubungan dengan Laki-Laki yang Memiliki Penyakit Kronis
Authors: Widihapsari Ida Ayu Gede Kusumaastuti , Puspita Syntia Agung Liana , Pradnyadari Ni Made Dyah Sathya , Rakhmawati Dian , Joni I Dewa Ayu Maythalia
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengalaman mempertahankan komitmen berpasangan pada perempuan dewasa awal yang menjalani hubungan dengan laki-laki yang memiliki penyakit kronis. Komitmen merupakan segala kekuatan baik positif maupun negatif yang berfungsi untuk mempertahankan individu dalam suatu hubungan. Orang yang merasa terikat pada suatu hubungan dengan orang lain akan senantiasa berada bersama-sama dengan orang itu dalam suka maupun duka (Taylor, Peplau, & Sears, 2009). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian fenomenologi. Penelitian ini melibatkan satu orang subjek perempuan dewasa awal berusia 31 tahun yang menjalani hubungan berpasangan selama 13 tahun dengan laki-laki yang memiliki penyakit kronis. Teknik penggalian data pada penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara dengan pertemuan sebanyak dua kali dengan partisipan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa partisipan memiliki pandangan yang berbeda mengenai komitmen berpasangan. Selama menjalani hubugan berpasangan, partisipan juga menghadapi beragam tantangan yang memengaruhi komitmennya. Faktor-faktor yang memperkuat komitmen berpasangan yang didapatkan melalui penelitian ini juga bervariasiPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengalaman mempertahankan komitmen berpasangan pada perempuan dewasa awal yang menjalani hubungan dengan laki-laki yang memiliki penyakit kronis. Komitmen merupakan segala kekuatan baik positif maupun negatif yang berfungsi untuk mempertahankan individu dalam suatu hubungan. Orang yang merasa terikat pada suatu hubungan dengan orang lain akan senantiasa berada bersama-sama dengan orang itu dalam suka maupun duka (Taylor, Peplau, & Sears, 2009). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian fenomenologi. Penelitian ini melibatkan satu orang subjek perempuan dewasa awal berusia 31 tahun yang menjalani hubungan berpasangan selama 13 tahun dengan laki-laki yang memiliki penyakit kronis. Teknik penggalian data pada penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara dengan pertemuan sebanyak dua kali dengan partisipan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis interpretative phenomenological analysis(IPA). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa partisipan memiliki pandangan yang berbeda mengenai komitmen berpasangan. Selama menjalani hubugan berpasangan, partisipan juga menghadapi beragam tantangan yang memengaruhi komitmennya. Faktor-faktor yang memperkuat komitmen berpasangan yang didapatkan melalui penelitian ini juga bervariasi
Coping Stress Pascacerai: Kajian Kualitatif Pada Ibu Tunggal
Authors: Jonathan Ario Chandra , Herdiana Ike
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika stress pasca perceraian dan strategi coping yang digunakan ibu tunggal yang bekerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah tiga orang. Ketiga partisipan menjadi ibu tunggal akibat bercerai dengan suami dan memiliki hak asuh penuh atas anak mereka. Teknik pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara dan pemberian kuesioner gejala stress.Hasil penelitian menunjukan dinamika stress pada ibu tunggal melibatkan gejala stress, sumber stress, dan respon terhadap stress. Pasca bercerai dengan suami ibu tunggal menunjukan gejala stress berupa meningkatnya tekanan darah, mudah marah, sering menunda pekerjaan, perubahan pola makan, peningkatan pola konsumsi rokok, dan gangguan tidur. Sumber stress pada ketiga partisipan adalah hadirnya ‘orang ketiga’ dalam rumah tangga mereka. Respon terhadap stress yang ditunjukan ketiga partisipan adalah anxiety, anger and aggression, dan cognitive impairment. Pada penelitian ini juga ditemukan perbedaan penghayatan emosi terhadap stressor perceraian antar ibu tunggal. Partisipan 1 dan 3 memiliki penghayatan emosi yang cenderung negatif terhadap perceraiannya dan menganggap stressor tersebut sebagai traumatic event. Sedangkan partisipan 2 memiliki penghayatan emosi yang positif terhadap perceraiannya dan hanya menganggap stressor minor sehingga bisa cepat bangkit dari keterpurukan. Coping stress pasca perceraian yang dilakukan ibu tunggal yang bekerja meliputi planfull problem solving, confrontative, seeking for social support, distance, escape/avoidance, positive reappraisal, self-control, dan acceptance responsibility. Dari hasil penelitian ini ditemukan pula kompleksitas stressor pada partisipan yang menyebabkan multiple stress. Temuan ini berbanding lurus dengan penelitian Chinaveh (2013) dimana individu yang gagal mengatasi tekanan-tekanan akan mengalami kelelahan mental dan fisik atau terserang penyakit.
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat pada Tanah Ultisol di Kecamatan Rumbai, Pekanbaru
Authors: Oksana Oksana , Irfan Mokhamad , Fianiray Annisa Ramadhani , Zam Syukria Ikhsan
Published: June 2020

Phosphate-solubilizing bacterial can fulfill the low available of soluble P on Ultisol. This research aimed to study on the quantity of the population bacteria and identify phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on Ultisol from Rumbai District, Pekanbaru. The research method used was descriptive method. Soil sample was collected from teak plantations of PT. Air Jernih, Sub district of Rumbai Pesisir, Pekanbaru and identification of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria was conducted in Laboratory of Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Universitas Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic, Riau from May-September 2017. The observed parameters were bacterial cell numbers, phosphate solubilization index, microscopic and biochemical characteristics. Four isolates were obtained with cell numbers ranging from 4.2 x 105 – 7.1 x 105 CFU/g of soil. All isolates showed the ability to dissolve phosphate with phosphate solubilization index ranging from 1.16 – 1.57. The four isolates were identified as Klebsiella (IBJ1 and IBJ2), and Acinetobacter (IBJ3 and IBJ4).
Antagonisme Fungi Endofit Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas) terhadap Fusarium oxysporum C2 Penyebab Busuk Umbi pada Bawang Merah in Vitro
Authors: Nahdah Fauziyyah , Sari Noorkomala , Rizali Akhmad , Wahdah Rabiatul
Published: June 2020

Basal plate rot is a major disease on shallot caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Endophytic fungi is promising to use as antagonist agent to the pathogen. Endophyte is microbes that are living in plant cells and have an asymptomatic characteristic. Nowadays, fungal endophyte is believed to produce antimicrobial substances similar with their plant host's natural product. Jatropha curcas is one of the plants containing secondary metabolites that have antifungal activities. The research aimed to study the ability of endophyte from Jatropha curcas to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum. The dual culture method was used in this research and the data were analyzed by SPSS software. This antagonism test was conducted by 9 isolates endophyte and each plate consisted of 3 replicates. The result revealed endophyte fungal obtaining 9 isolates with the radial growth of 4,5 cm/2 days. Endophytes of Jatropha curcas L. were able to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum C2. The percentage of inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum causing of root blight diseases was controlled by up 38.27 - 74.48%. The highest percentage of inhibition is gained by B4b and the lowest of it is A2b. Our observations showed that each endophyte has a consistent linear trend. B4b still leaded as the highest strength to inhibit the growth of pathogen on the monitoring of 3, 5, and 7 days. Moreover, the ability of fungi endophyte from Jatropha curcas as antagonist agent to Fusarium oxysporum needs to be further examined by the in vivo method.
UJI ADAPTASI VARIETAS DAN GALUR KENAF (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) DI LAHAN PASANG SURUT KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: KRISMAWATI AMIK
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK
Potensi lahan pasang surut Kalimantan Tengah cukup luas yaitu 5,5
juta hektar dimana sebagian dapat dikembangkan dengan tanaman kenaf.
Penelitian uji adaptasi varietas dan galur kenaf dilaksanakan di lahan
pasang surut desa Samuda, kecamatan Mentaya Hilir Selatan, Kabupaten
Kotawaringin Timur, Kalimantan Tengah. Perlakuan berupa varietas/galur
kenaf yang terdiri dari dua varietas (Hc G-4 dan Cuba 108/II) dan empat
galur hasil persilangan (Hc 85.9.75; Hc 85.9.40. 1; Hc 85.9.42; Hc
85.9.66.1), yang diatur dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga
ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tinggi tanaman dan diameter
batang pada umur 40, 75 dan 105 hari setelah tanam terhadap 10
tanaman acak per petak, bobot segar biomasa, bobot serat per petak, dan
bobot kering akar adventif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dua galur
hasil persilangan yaitu Hc 85.9.661 dan Hc 85.9.75 mempunyai adaptasi
cukup bagus dengan tinggi tanaman akhir masing-masing adalah 265,25
cm dan 260, 25 cm serta diameter batang masing-masing adalah 2,17 cm
dan 2,10 cm. Hasil serat tertinggi masing-masing sebesar 2,40 dan
2,30 ton/ha, sementara varietas Hc G-4 mencapai 2,25 ton/ha.
Kata kunci : Kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus L., varietas, galur, adaptasi,
lahan pasang surut, Kalimantan Tengah

ABSTRACT
Adaptation test of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) varieties and lines at
tidal swamps land, Central Kalimantan
The area of tidal swamps In Central Kalimantan is approximately
5.5 million hectare and parts of that area can be developed by kenaf plant.
The adaptation test of several kenaf varieties and lines was conducted in
Samuda Village, Mentaya Hilir Selatan District, Kotawaringin Timur,
Central Kalimantan. The experiment used a randomized block design with
three replications and six treatments consisting of two kenaf varieties (Hc
G-4 and Cuba 108/II) and four kenaf lines (No 85.9.75; No 85.9.40.1; No
85.9.42; No 85.9.66.1). Parameters observed were plant height, stem
diameter at 40, 75 and 105 days after planting, on 10 random plants
perplot, fresh biomass, dried fiber, and dried adventive root weight. The
results of this experiment showed that two lines, namely Hc 85.9.66.1
and Hc 85.9.75 obtained the optimal vegetative growth as their plant
height and stem diameter at harvesting time reached 265.25 cm and
260.25 cm, 2.17 cm and 2.10 cm respectively. The fiber yields of the two
lines were 2.40 and 2.30 ton/ha respectively, while the control line Hc G-4
was only 2.25 ton/ha.
Key words : Kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus L., variety, line, adaptation,
tidal swamps land, Central Kalimantan
KERAGAMAN GENETIK PLASMA NUTFAH PINANG (Areca catechu L.) DI PROPINSI GORONTALO
Authors: MASKROMO ISMAIL , MIFTAHORRACHMAN .
Published: June 2020

Pinang merupakan salah satu tanaman palma yang terdapat hampir di seluruh wilayah Indonesia, terutama Pulau Sumatera. Di luar Sumatera, salah satu wilayah yang memiliki potensi tanaman pinang adalah Propinsi Gorontalo, Sulawesi. Wilayah provinsi ini memiliki potensi plasma nutfah pinang yang belum diidentifikasi keragaman genetiknya. Eksplorasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi keragaman genetik plasma nutfah pinang sebagai dasar informasi pengembangan di wilayah Gorontalo untuk masa mendatang, dan mengumpulkan plasma nutfah pinang yang terdapat di beberapa daerah di Gorontalo. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan lokasi contoh dipilih secara sengaja berdasarkan informasi dari Dinas Perkebunan dan masyarakat petani. Eksplorasi dilakukan di Kabupaten Gorontalo, Pohuwato dan Bone Bolango. Hasil eksplorasi diperoleh 6 (enam) aksesi pinang yaitu aksesi Duhia Da’a dari Marisa, Kabupaten Pohuwato, Tingkohubu I dan Tingkohubu II asal Suwawa, Kabupaten Bone Bolango dan Huntu I, Huntu II, dan Huntu III dari Batudaa, Kabupaten Gorontalo, yang memiliki keragaman dalam ukuran dan bentuk buah, dengan jarak genetik yang jauh. Aksesi yang berpotensi produksi tinggi adalah Duhia Da'a, Tingkohubu I dan Tingkohubu II, sedangkan aksesi untuk bahan pelengkap dalam kegiatan budaya dan upacara adat adalah Tingkohubu II.

Kata kunci : Pinang, Areca catechu L., keragaman genetik, plasma nutfah, Gorontalo

 

ABSTRACT

Genetic diversity of Arecanut (Areca catechu L.) germplasm in Gorontalo

Arecanut is one of the palm crops found throughout Indonesia, Sumatera Island. Outside Sumatera Island, the crop exist in Gorontalo Province, Sulawesi. The exploration is conducted to observe potency of arecanut germplasm as based information for future development in Gorontalo. The purpose of exploration was to identify genetic diversity and to collect the arecanut in that area. Survey was done at three regency chosen purposively. There were six arecanut accessions identified namely Duhia Da’a from Marisa District, Pohuwato Regency, Tingkohubu I and Tingkohubu II from Suwawa District, Bone Bolango Regency, and Huntu I, Huntu II and Huntu III from Batuda’a District, Gorontalo Regency. They were various in size and shape, and so far for genetic distance. Accesions which have high potency production are Duhia Da'a, Tingkohubu I and of Tingkohubu II, while for the materials of complementary in custom ceremony and culture is Tingkohubu II.

Key words : Arecanut, Areca catechu L., genetic diversity, germplasm, Gorontalo
PERBAIKAN VARIETAS UNTUK PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS DAN MUTU SERAT KAPAS
Authors: SULISTYOWATI EMY , SUMARTINI SIWI , ABDURRAKHMAN ABDURRAKHMAN , RUSTINI SRI
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK

Persilangan kapas yang dilakukan pada tahun 1999 denganmelibatkan 11 varietas kapas sebagai tetua betina dan lima varietas kapassebagai tetua jantan telah menghasilkan 22 set persilangan kapas. Adapuntujuan persilangan tersebut adalah untuk meningkatkan produktivitas danmutu serat varietas kapas nasional Indonesia. Program perbaikan varietasini menggunakan pendekatan seleksi pedigree pada F3, dan dilanjutkandengan seleksi galur pada generasi F5 dan selanjutnya. Pada kegiatanseleksi galur tahun 2004-2005 di Kebun Percobaan Asembagus, dari 22genotipe generasi F4 yang diseleksi dengan kriteria seleksi produktivitas >3 ton kapas berbiji/ha telah dihasilkan 23 galur harapan. Pada generasi F6dilakukan uji daya hasil dari 23 galur tersebut. Dari pengujian daya hasilgalur-galur tersebut pada tahun 2006, telah dihasilkan enam galur harapanyang memiliki tingkat produktivitas secara statistika tidak berbeda denganatau lebih tinggi dari Kanesia 8 dengan panjang serat > 1,16 inch, kekuatanserat > 30,77 g/tex, dan kehalusan serat antara 3,5 – 4,5 mic, yaitu99004/5, 99005/9, 99013/5, 99023/5, 99023/7, dan 99023/8. Galur-galurtersebut selanjutnya akan diuji secara multilokasi untuk menilai stabilitasekspresi genetiknya di beberapa wilayah pengembangan kapas.

Kata kunci : Gossypium hirsutum, kapas, produktivitas, mutu serat

ABSTRACT

Varietal Improvement for Increase of Productivity andQuality of Cotton Fiber Cotton breeding conducted since 1999 involving 11 varieties asfemale parent, and five varieties as male parents has resulted in 22crossing sets. The aim was to improve productivity level as well as fiberquality of national cotton varieties of Indonesia. The breeding approachwas accomplished by pedigree selection on F3 generation, which was thencontinued with line selection from F5 generation. From the line selectionactivity carried out at Asembagus Experimental Station during 2004-2005,out of 22 genotypes selected at the F4 generation based on productivitylevel of > 3 ton seed cotton/ha as selection criteria, 23 promising lines hadbeen selected which were then tested in a yield potential test. From theyield potential test conducted in 2006, six promising lines had beenselected whose productivity levels were statistically not different from orhigher than Kanesia 8 with fiber length of >1.16 inch, fiber strength>30.77 g/tex, and fiber fineness 3.5-4.5 mic. Those promising lines wouldthen be tested in multilocation trials to evaluate the stability of theirgenetic expression in several cotton development areas.

Key words : Gossypium hirsutum, cotton, productivity, fiber properties
Health Insurance Benefit Package in Iran: A Qualitative Policy Process Analysis
Authors: Mohamadi Efat , Takian Amirhossein , Olyaeemanesh Alireza , Rashidian Arash , Hassanzadeh Ali , Razavi Moaven , Ghazanfari Sadegh
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Insufficient transparency in prioritization of health services, multiple health insurance organizations with various and not-aligned policies, plus limited resources to provide comprehensive health coverage are among the challenges to design appropriate Health Insurance Benefit Package (HIBP) in Iran.
Method: Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 25 experts, plus document analysis and observation, from February 2014 until October 2016. Using both deductive and inductive approaches, two independent researchers conducted data content analysis. We used MAXQDA.11 software for data management.
Results: We identified 10 main themes, plus 81 sub-themes related to development and implementation of HIBP. These included: lack of transparent criteria for inclusion of services within HIBP, inadequate use of scientific evidence to determine the HIBP, lack of evaluation systems, and weak decision-making process. We propose 11 solutions and 25 policy options to improve the situation.
Discussion: The design and implementation of HIBP did not follow an evidence-based and logical algorithm in Iran. Rather, political and financial influences at the macro level determined the decisions. This is rooted in social, cultural, and economic norms in the country, whereby political and economic factors had the greatest impact on the implementation of HIBP.
Conclusion: To define a cost-effective HIBP in Iran, it is pivotal to develop transparent and evidence-based guidelines about the processes and the stewardship of HIBP, which are in line with upstream policies and societal characteristics. In addition, the possible conflict of interests and its harms should be minimized in advance.
Key words: Benefit package, Policy process analysis, Iran.
Making researchers responsible: Attributions of responsibility and ambiguous notions of culture in research codes of conduct
Authors: Valkenburg Govert , Dix Guus , Tijdink Joeri , de Rijcke Sarah
Published: June 2020

Background: Research codes of conduct offer guidance to researchers with respect to which values should be realized in research practices, how these values are to be realized, and what the respective responsibilities of the individual and the institution are in this. However, the question of how the responsibilities are to be divided between the individual and the institution has hitherto received little attention. We therefore performed an analysis of research codes of conduct to investigate how responsibilities are positioned as individual or institutional, and how the boundary between the two is drawn. Method: We selected 12 institutional, national and international codes of conduct that apply to medical research in the Netherlands and subjected them to a close-reading content analysis. We first identified the dominant themes and then investigated how responsibility is attributed to individuals and institutions.Results: We observed that the attribution of responsibility to either the individual or the institution is often not entirely clear, and that the notion of culture emerges as a residual category for such attributions. We see this notion of responsible research cultures as important; it is something that mediates between the individual level and the institutional level. However, at the same time it largely lacks substantiation. Conclusions: While many attributions of individual and institutional responsibility are clear, the exact boundary between the two is often problematic. We suggest two possible avenues for improving codes of conduct: either to clearly attribute responsibilities to individuals or institutions and depend less on the notion of culture, or to make culture a more explicit concern and articulate what it is and how a good culture might be fostered.
Assessment of Optometrists’ Knowledge, Skills and Practice on Cataract: A Cross-Sectional Study from Kisumu County, Western Kenya
Authors: Muma Shadrack , Obonyo Stephen
Published: June 2020

Background: Cataract is a major contributor to avoidable blindness in the world and greatly impact negatively on the quality of life. The prevalence of blindness in Kenya is estimated at 0.7% with cataract contributing 43%. Optometrists being the primary eye care providers for cataract patients, they are well placed to assess and refer cataract patients. Though there is no data on optometrist knowledge, skill and practice on cataract in Kisumu, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. The study was conducted from June 2019 to August 219 using self-administered questionnaire. We collected basic socio-demographic characteristics and investigated participants’ knowledge, skills and practice on cataract. The primary outcome measures were the proportions of participants who identified the questions related to knowledge, skills and practice on cataract. Chi-square analysis was performed to look at the association between demographic and practice, knowledge and skills. Results: A total of 49 optometrists were interviewed with a male to female ratio of 2:1, mean age of 30.4(72%) years and mean duration of practice of one to ten years. Majority of the optometrists had good knowledge on various aspects of cataract. Like 98% had a good knowledge on the types of cataract. Based on skills, 75.5% could diagnose cataract correctly. However, 57.1% could not identify nuclear cataract. Practice among the optometrists was largely low in the sense that, 61.2% of optometrists did not screen patients aged 40 years and above for cataract. Almost half of the optometrists, 52.6% did a routine eye examination but did not know the importance of examining the crystalline lens for patient above 40 years. Conclusion The study established that despite the good level of knowledge among the optometrist on cataract, there exist gaps in skills in categorizing the type of cataract and practice. The results of this study calls for skills development training for optometrists on cataract and immediate ophthalmic division response for improvement on the scope of training for optometrists. This will eases diagnosis of cataract and its management so as to reduce its burden in Kenya.