bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SELECTED DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIONS OF POLISH THEORY AND PRACTICE OF SOCIAL REHABILITATION
Authors: Mudrecka Irena
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this article is to present scientific papers setting the development direction of social rehabilitation theory and practice in Poland. The presentation begins with the classic ̶̶ theory of Czesław Czapów, the creator of the Warsaw school of social rehabilitation, because this theory has been used in practice and continues to inspire young generation researchers. Most space was devoted to cognitivist-oriented resocialization, using the principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Dynamically developing social rehabilitation based on the paradigm of positivity was also presented, including the concept of resilience and the concept of creative resocialization, which postulate working on potentials and developing strengths - factors protecting the individual against pathologies.
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and adolescent with post-traumatic stress symptom: A comparison of 16D and condition-specific instruments
Authors: Aas Eline , Silwal Sanju , Cyr Pascal Renee , Holt Tonje , Ormhaug Silje M , Jensen Tine K
Published: August 2020

The objective of this study was to compare Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) as measured by the 16D instrument with four condition-specific instruments in children and adolescents with significant post-traumatic stress disease (PTSD), to assess the validity of the 16D instrument. In addition, we test for differences in health for the PTSD population compared to a representative sample of Finnish schoolchildren. The study included 156 children and adolescents with trauma-related symptoms in Norway. The condition-specific instruments included were; Child PTDS Symptom Scale (CPSS); Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ); Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), and; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). We found that the 16D HRQoL score was significantly correlated with all condition-specific instruments (CPSS, SCARED, MFQ, and SDQ), where SCARED had the highest correlation with the 16D (-0.659, p < 0.01). Several of the corresponding items (sleep, distress, discomfort and symptoms, mental functioning, and school and hobbies) of the condition-specific instruments were correlated above the threshold (convergent validity, ρ > 0.4). Children and adolescents with symptoms of post-traumatic stress experienced a significant health loss of 0.177 compared to a representative sample of Finnish 12 to 15-years-old schoolchildren with a Cohen’s d of 1.07, and the health difference was significant for all 16 dimensions. These findings support the use of the 16D to measure health outcomes in cost-utility analysis. More studies are needed to examine the responsiveness.

Published: Online August 2020.
A violência da paz: uma breve análise literário-discursiva do conto “Da paz”, de Marcelino Freire
Authors: Duarte Rafael
Published: August 2020

Este texto propõe um roteiro de leitura para o conto “Da paz”, de Marcelino Freire, por meio de uma abordagem literário-discursiva. Primeiramente, este trabalho apoia-se na perspectiva enunciativa para observar a construção e inscrições sociais da personagem central. Em seguida, usa-se a lente do conceito de polifonia para análise da multiplicidade de vozes que ecoam no discurso da protagonista, o que permite a percepção da hibridização da linguagem em sua relação com a violência simbólica em ação na narrativa. Dessa forma, a partir do aparato teórico em questão, investiga-se uma dualidade da figura da paz: um lado dela se revela no discurso do narrador, estabelecendo um determinado lugar social em situação de vulnerabilidade, enquanto o outro está inserido no discurso do opressor, pertencente a um espaço social distinto e privilegiado. Desse modo, um conflito de cunho político pode ser percebido no texto fictício.
Para além da moldura cor-de-rosa: disputas enunciativas na composição de Quarenta dias, de Maria Valéria Rezende
Authors: Linhares Vinícius Lourenço
Published: August 2020

O intuito deste ensaio é mostrar como o  processamento narrativo proposto por Maria Valéria Rezende, na composição do romance Quarenta dias, pode ser tomado como um operador de leitura, de caráter paradoxal, responsável por encenar uma territorialidade social marcada pelo aplainamento das relações estabelecidas entre os sujeitos ficcionais do/no romance ao mesmo tempo em que se tensionam e se expõem contradições desse aplainamento.
A construção do jogo metafórico em L’élégance du Hérisson: processos estéticos de colonização e hierarquização simbólica
Authors: Ramos Jozelma de Oliveira
Published: August 2020

Sabe-se que numa construção estético-literária, a partir do jogo metafórico realizado  no e pelo discurso,  uma realidade é  elaborada de  maneira extremamente particular. Por conseguinte, cria-se por meio da arte e da literatura um novo olhar sobre a vida, a sociedade e, claro, sobre os seres humanos e suas complexas relações interpessoais de poder. Dentro dessa  perspectiva é que serão discutidos, no presente artigo, alguns processos metafóricos arquitetados pela autora francesa Muriel  Barbery em L’élégance du hérisson (2006). Parte-se do princípio de que tal proposta estética é utilizada pela autora para marcar a alternância entre as vozes narrativas, o que desencadeia, entre outras coisas, o (des)velamento das relações de poder aí encenadas,  a que denominamos  relações hierárquicas subjetivas de “colonização simbólica” que se impõem entre as personagens da trama em questão.
Se entregan los premios 2017-18 a los mejores Trabajos Finales del Máster Universitario de Comunicación Corporativa, Protocolo y Eventos
Authors: Estanyol i Casals Elisenda
Published: August 2020

El pasado 29 de noviembre tuvo lugar la ceremonia de entrega de los premios a los mejores trabajos finales de las titulaciones oficiales de los Estudios de Ciencias de la Información y de la Comunicación de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC). La convocatoria de estos premios tiene el objetivo de reconocer los proyectos más destacados que han llevado a cabo los estudiantes de las titulaciones de grado y de máster universitario durante el curso 2017-2018.
A new genus Vittaliana belonging to the tribe Opsiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from India and its molecular phylogeny
Authors: Sunil  , Meshram Naresh M. , Hashmi Tahseen Raza , Shashank Pathour R.
Published: August 2020

The new leafhopper genus Vittalianareticulata gen. nov., sp. nov., is described from India, and placed in the tribe Opsiini based on ocelli close to eyes, without carina on anterior margin of the face and bifurcate aedeagus with two gonopores. Phylogenetic analysis with maximum likelihood (ML) using IQtree v1.4.1 of combined data (Histone H3 and 28S rDNA) reveals that the new genus Vittaliana belongs to a clade consisting of Opsius versicolor (Distant, 1908), Opsiini gen. sp., Libengaia sp., Hishimonus phycitis (Distant, 1908) and Yinfomibus menglaensis Du, Liang & Dai (2019) with good branch support, and that the tribe Opsiini is paraphyletic. This resolves the placement of a new genus in the tribe Opsiini under Deltocephalinae.
Why people select the outpatient clinic of medical centers: a nationwide analysis in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Ming-Hwai , Chang Hsiao-Ting , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Hwang Shinn-Jang
Published: August 2020

Introduction

In contrast to other countries, Taiwan’s National Health Insurance (NHI) program allows patients to freely select the specialists and tiers of medical care facility without a referral. Some medical centers in Taiwan receive over 10,000 outpatients per day. In the NHI program, the co-payment was increased for high-tier facilities for outpatient visits in 2002, 2005, and 2017. However, the policies only mildly reduced the use of high-tier medical care facilities. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors contributing to the patients’ selection of the outpatient clinic of medical centers without a referral.

Methods

An online anonymous survey was conducted by using the Google Forms platform utilizing a self-constructed questionnaire from September to October 2018. A nationwide sample in Taiwan was recruited using convenience sampling through social media. Based on a literature review and a focus group, 20 factors that may affect the choice of the outpatient institution were constructed. The associations between items that affect the patients selection of outpatient clinics were assessed using exploratory factor analysis. Principal axis factoring was performed to identify the major factors affecting the decision. Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine which factors satisfactorily explained “visiting the outpatient clinic of the medical center for an illness without a referral.”

Results

During the survey period, 5,060 people browsed the online survey, and 1,003 responded and completed the online questionnaire. Therefore, the response rate was 19.8%. A total of 987 valid responses was collected. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that three main factors, namely the “physician factor”, “image and reputation factor”, and “facility and medication factor”, affected the selection of outpatient clinics. A series of logistic regressions indicated that patients who reported that hospital facilities, high-quality drugs, and diverse specialties were very important were more likely to select the outpatient clinic of a medical center (OR = 2.218, 95% CI [1.514–3.249]). Patients who reported that physician factors were very important were less likely to select a medical center (OR = 0.717, 95% CI [0.523–0.984]). Patients who were previously satisfied with their experience of the primary clinics or had a regular family doctor were less likely to choose a medical center (OR = 0.509, 95% CI -0.435–0.595] and OR = 0.676, 95% CI [0.471–0.969]).

Conclusion

In Taiwan, patients with good primary medical experience and regular family physicians had significantly lower rates by selecting the outpatient clinic of a medical center. The results of this study support that the key to establishing graded medical care is to prioritize the strengthening of the primary medical system.
The Influence of a Political Event on Property Sector Stocks in Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Rosdiana Riska
Published: August 2020

This study examines the capital market reaction from the declaration of the presidential and vice presidential candidates for the 2018 presidential election, which will be marked by the presence or absence of abnormal returns. The samples used are stocks that are incorporated into the property sector. As a study of events, this research observes the reaction before, during, and after the event within the observation period. The periods of research used were H-3 (before the event), H0 (current events), and H + 3 (after the event). The data are obtained from www.idx.co.id. The data used in this research is secondary data, such as the stock closing price, which has been adjusted (the closing price is adjusted), and the closing price of IDX. The data are in the form of daily stock prices. These data are then analyzed using the analytical method of the paired sample t-test. The results showed that Abnormal Return had no significance. This means that there is no market reaction when there is an excess of actual return compared to a normal return in the stock exchange of the property. The significance level has a negative condition exactly three days before the declaration of presidential and vice-presidential candidates, which is dated August 6th, 2018. However, in the following days, the 7th and 8th of August 2018, it has experienced an insignificant level of positive. This means that the market perceived appropriately before the presidential and vice-presidential candidates were set. In addition, the statistics test result of the Average Trading Volume Activity (TVA) proved that there was a significant difference between the period before and after the official registration of the presidential and vice-presidential candidates in the General Election Commission (KPU). The results showed that there were significant differences due to the value of sig. greater than 0.05 or 0.006 ≥ 0.05.
Geotechnical Properties of Termite Mound Soil as Construction Material
Authors: Olayiwola Hammed A. , Apanpa K. A. , Ademola Anjorin,
Published: August 2020

This study investigates variation of termite mounds in relation to the control soils around our environment that are not hindered by the termites at various locations at The Polytechnic; Ibadan, Oyo State, southwest Nigeria. From the study area, five termitaria were selected at random. At the core of termitaria, soil samples were taken at a distance of 7.5m and 15m to the both side of termitaria. Twenty five (25 soil samples were collected in all and were subjected to geotechnical properties such as natural moisture content, grain size analysis, california bearing ratio (CBR) test, Atterberg’s limits, and unconfined compressive strength test. The results proved that termite mound soil have better geotechnical properties compared to surrounding control soil. The betterment was attributed to the activities of termites in termitaria thus increasing the strength parameters present in the soil.
Plasmon Lasers
Authors: Zhu Wenqi , Divitt Shawn , Davis Matthew S. , Zhang Cheng , Xu Ting , Lezec Henri J. , Agrawal Amit
Published: August 2020

Recent advancements in the ability to design, fabricate, and characterize optical and optoelectronic devices at the nanometer scale have led to tremendous developments in the miniaturization of optical systems and circuits. Development of wavelength‐scale optical elements that are able to efficiently generate, manipulate, and detect light, along with their subsequent integration on functional devices and systems, has been one of the main focuses of ongoing research in nanophotonics. To achieve coherent light generation at the nanoscale, much of the research over the past few decades has focused on achieving lasing using high‐index dielectric resonators in the form of photonic crystals or whispering‐gallery mode resonators. More recently, nanolasers based on metallic resonators that sustain surface plasmons – collective electron oscillations at the interface between a metal and a dielectric – have emerged as a promising candidate. This article discusses the fundamentals of surface plasmons and the various embodiments of plasmonic resonators that serve as the building block for plasmon lasers. Based on these concepts, a description of the various experimental implementations of plasmon lasers is given, the characteristic parameters that describe their performance are highlighted, and the potential applications of plasmon lasers are discussed.
Scanning Probe Microscopy – From Surfaces to Single Atoms
Authors: Kröger Jörg , Néel Nicolas
Published: August 2020

This article highlights the important role of scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy in modern surface science experiments. Imaging with atomic resolution, manipulation of matter atom by atom, spectroscopy of confined electrons, molecular vibrational quanta, surface phonons, single‐atom spin flips, and single‐molecule fluorescence photons are some of the diverse applications of the microscopes. The impact of the actual atomic or molecular termination of the tip is emphasized. A variety of examples presents the state of the art in quantum physics of surfaces and interfaces and demonstrates that scanning probe techniques significantly contribute to the understanding of matter at the atomic scale.
Cross‐cultural similarities and differences in the theoretical predictors of cyberbullying perpetration: Results from a seven‐country study
Authors: Barlett Christopher P. , Seyfert Luke W. , Simmers Matthew M. , Hsueh Hua Chen Vivian , Cavalcanti Jaqueline Gomes , Krahé Barbara , Suzuki Kanae , Warburton Wayne A. , Wong Randy Yee Man , Pimentel Carlos Eduardo , Skowronski Marika
Published: August 2020

The Barlett Gentile cyberbullying model (BGCM) posits that correlated anonymity perceptions and the belief in the irrelevance of muscularity for online bullying (BIMOB) predict positive cyberbullying attitudes to predict subsequent cyberbullying perpetration. Much research has shown the BGCM to be the only published theory that differentiates traditional and cyberbullying while validly predicting cyberbullying. So far, however, the cross‐cultural ubiquity has gone understudied. Thus, 1,592 adult participants across seven countries (USA, Australia, Brazil, China, Germany, Japan, and Singapore) completed measures germane to the BGCM. Supporting the BGCM, the variables were significantly correlated for the entire sample, participants from independent cultures, and participants from interdependent cultures. However, the relationship between BIMOB and positive cyberbullying attitudes as well as the relationship between positive cyberbullying attitudes and cyberbullying perpetration were stronger for independent cultures. These results suggest that the BGCM postulates are mostly universal, but several relations appear to be culturally different. Theoretical implications are discussed.
Cancer Risk in a Large Inception Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Cohort: Effects of Demographic Characteristics, Smoking, and Medications
Authors: Bernatsky Sasha , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Urowitz Murray B. , Hanly John G. , Gordon Caroline , Petri Michelle A. , Ginzler Ellen M. , Wallace Daniel J. , Bae Sang‐Cheol , Romero‐Diaz Juanita , Dooley Mary Anne , Peschken Christine A. , Isenberg David A. , Rahman Anisur , Manzi Susan , Jacobsen Søren , Lim S. Sam , van Vollenhoven Ronald , Nived Ola , Kamen Diane L. , Aranow Cynthia , Ruiz‐Irastorza Guillermo , Sánchez‐Guerrero Jorge , Gladman Dafna D. , Fortin Paul R. , Alarcón Graciela S. , Merrill Joan T. , Kalunian Kenneth C. , Ramos‐Casals Manuel , Steinsson Kristjan , Zoma Asad , Askanase Anca , Khamashta Munther A. , Bruce Ian , Inanc Murat , Clarke Ann E.
Published: August 2020

Objective

To assess cancer risk factors in incident systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

Clinical variables and cancer outcomes were assessed annually among incident SLE patients. Multivariate hazard regression models (overall risk and most common cancers) included demographic characteristics and time‐dependent medications (corticosteroids, antimalarial drugs, immunosuppressants), smoking, and the adjusted mean Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 score.

Results

Among 1,668 patients (average 9 years follow‐up), 65 cancers occurred: 15 breast, 10 nonmelanoma skin, 7 lung, 6 hematologic, 6 prostate, 5 melanoma, 3 cervical, 3 renal, 2 each gastric, head and neck, and thyroid, and 1 each rectal, sarcoma, thymoma, and uterine cancers. Half of the cancers (including all lung cancers) occurred in past/current smokers, versus one‐third of patients without cancer. Multivariate analyses indicated that overall cancer risk was related primarily to male sex and older age at SLE diagnosis. In addition, smoking was associated with lung cancer. For breast cancer risk, age was positively associated and antimalarial drugs were negatively associated. Antimalarial drugs and higher disease activity were also negatively associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer risk, whereas age and cyclophosphamide were positively associated. Disease activity was associated positively with hematologic and negatively with nonmelanoma skin cancer risk.

Conclusion

Smoking is a key modifiable risk factor, especially for lung cancer, in SLE. Immunosuppressive medications were not clearly associated with higher risk except for cyclophosphamide and nonmelanoma skin cancer. Antimalarials were negatively associated with breast cancer and nonmelanoma skin cancer risk. SLE activity was associated positively with hematologic cancer and negatively with nonmelanoma skin cancer. Since the absolute number of cancers was small, additional follow‐up will help consolidate these findings.
High‐Temperature Ultrahydrophobic Ceramic Coatings from Surface‐Functionalized MgAl2O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Schmidt-Verma Anna K. , Renner Alexander M. , Wilhelm Michael , Bohr Christoph , Goenuellue Yakup , Rudigier-Voigt Eveline , Mathur Sanjay
Published: August 2020

Innovative coatings that can shield functional surfaces from environmental and temperature impact are essential to increase the life time of devices and reduce the maintenance costs. Superhydrophobic ceramic coatings with self‐cleaning properties and stability at high‐temperatures (up to 300 °C) are eco‐friendly alternative to aggressive surface‐cleaning agents. Despite the wide range of possible applications for hydrophobic surfaces, the practical implementation of currently used polymeric fluoro‐silanes is restricted by their low thermal stability, which is an essential figure of merit. Herein, a nonadhesive coating with an exceptionally low surface‐energy (contact angle ≈180°) is developed by chemical conjugation of MgAl2O4 spinel nanoparticles (NPs) with perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (FDTS). The cross‐conjugation of FDTS and MgAl2O4 is substantiated by condensation reactions between the surface‐rooted hydroxyl groups and chloride ligands of fluorosilane. Compared with the coatings based on pure fluorosilanes, the FDTS@MgAl2O4 core‐shell particles unify optical transparency and high‐temperature stability imparted by spinel reinforcement with the superhydrophobicity induced by FDTS periphery. Addition of TiO2 NPs to MgAl2O4 sol unifies the ultrahydrophobicity of FDTS@MgAl2O4 with UV‐absorption properties of TiO2 to produce a new UV‐ and temperature‐resistant ultrahydrophobic coating system.
Bioinspired Engineering of a Bacterium‐Like Metal–Organic Framework for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Po‐Ming , Pan Wen‐Yu , Miao Yang‐Bao , Liu Yu‐Miao , Luo Po‐Kai , Phung Hieu Nghia , Wu Wen‐Wei , Ting Yi‐Hsin , Yeh Ching‐Yen , Chiang Min‐Chun , Chia Wei‐Tso , Sung Hsing‐Wen
Published: August 2020

Bacteria‐mediated tumor therapy (BMTT) has been known for decades; however, its clinical use is inhibited by its association with infections. To address this issue, a spiky, bacterium‐like metal–organic framework (MOF), which can replicate the functional responses of BMTT without its adverse side‐effects, is proposed. MOFs are synthesized in a solvothermal reaction of aluminum sulfate, ruthenium chloride hydrate, and 2‐aminoterephthalic acid; they have a spherical morphology or many nanospikes on their surfaces, depending on the reaction temperature. Both spherical and spiky MOFs can function as photothermal agents, converting absorbed optical energy into local heat. Owing to their higher surface area of interaction, spiky MOFs are more easily phagocytosed by macrophages than are spherical MOFs, strengthening their immune responses. Moreover, when injected intratumorally, spiky MOFs reside significantly longer than spherical ones, enabling their use in repeated photothermal treatments. The combination of in situ vaccination with intratumorally injected bacterium‐like MOFs under exposure to an near‐infrared laser and the immune checkpoint blockade of systemically administered αPD‐1 is evaluated in tumor‐bearing mice. The results indicate that the checkpoint blockade acts synergistically with in situ vaccination to provide diverse antitumor functions of BMTT, destroying a primary tumor and suppressing tumor recurrence and metastasis.
A Progress Report on Metal–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yu Xingwen , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: August 2020

Nonaqueous conversion‐reaction sulfur chemistry has been attracting increasing attention over the past decade for the development of next‐generation lithium‐based batteries. Li–S batteries are currently approaching a nexus stage from lab‐scale experiments to possible pragmatic applications. Inspired by the success of Li–S chemistry, other metal–sulfur batteries with a variety of metallic anodes, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and aluminum, have also started to attract attention. In comparison to lithium, Na, Mg, Al, K, and Ca are naturally more abundant and affordable. The Na‐S, Mg‐S, Al‐S, K‐S, and Ca‐S battery systems provide a great potential for improving the volumetric energy density of sulfur‐based batteries. The multivalent metal‐sulfur systems, Mg‐S, Al‐S, and Ca‐S, offer better safety features as well. However, the research and development on Na‐S, Mg‐S, Al‐S, K‐S, and Ca‐S batteries is far behind the Li–S system due to many critical challenges. In this progress report, the fundamental principles of various metal–sulfur chemistries are first presented and compared. Then, the historical progress, recent advances, and key challenges of the Li–S, Na‐S, Mg‐S, Al‐S, K‐S, and Ca‐S systems are summarized and discussed. Finally, future efforts and directions for both the fundamental and practical research are prospected.
Bridging‐Droplet Thermal Diodes
Authors: Edalatpour Mojtaba , Murphy Kevin R. , Mukherjee Ranit , Boreyko Jonathan B.
Published: August 2020

Phase‐change thermal diodes effectively transport heat unidirectionally, but are currently constrained by either a gravitational dependence, a 1D configuration, or poor durability. Here, a novel bridging‐droplet thermal diode which uniquely bypasses all of these existing constraints is developed. The diode is comprised of two opposing copper plates separated by an insulating gasket of micrometric thickness; one plate contains a superhydrophilic wick structure while the other is smooth and hydrophobic. In the forward mode of operation, water evaporates from the heated wicked plate and condenses on the hydrophobic plate. The large contact angle of the dropwise condensate enables bridging across the gap to replenish the wicked evaporator, providing sustained phase‐change heat transfer. Conversely, in the reverse mode, the heat source is now on the hydrophobic plate, resulting in dryout and excellent thermal insulation across the gap. An orientation‐independent heat transfer ratio (i.e., diodicity) as high as 85 was measured.
Biofabrication of a Functional Tubular Construct from Tissue Spheroids Using Magnetoacoustic Levitational Directed Assembly
Authors: Parfenov Vladislav A. , Koudan Elizaveta V. , Krokhmal Alisa A. , Annenkova Elena A. , Petrov Stanislav V. , Pereira Frederico D. A. S. , Karalkin Pavel A. , Nezhurina Elizaveta K. , Gryadunova Anna A. , Bulanova Elena A. , Sapozhnikov Oleg A. , Tsysar Sergey A. , Liu Kaizheng , Oosterwijk Egbert , van Beuningen Henk , van der Kraan Peter , Granneman Sanne , Engelkamp Hans , Christianen Peter , Kasyanov Vladimir , Khesuani Yusef D. , Mironov Vladimir A.
Published: August 2020

In traditional tissue engineering, synthetic or natural scaffolds are usually used as removable temporal support, which involves some biotechnology limitations. The concept of “scaffield” approach utilizing the physical fields instead of biomaterial scaffold has been proposed recently. In particular, a combination of intense magnetic and acoustic fields can enable rapid levitational bioassembly of complex‐shaped 3D tissue constructs from tissue spheroids at low concentration of paramagnetic agent (gadolinium salt) in the medium. In the current study, the tissue spheroids from human bladder smooth muscle cells (myospheres) are used as building blocks for assembling the tubular 3D constructs. Levitational assembly is accomplished at low concentrations of gadolinium salts in the high magnetic field at 9.5 T. The biofabricated smooth muscle constructs demonstrate contraction after the addition of vasoconstrictive agent endothelin‐1. Thus, hybrid magnetoacoustic levitational bioassembly is considered as a new technology platform in the emerging field of formative biofabrication. This novel technology of scaffold‐free, nozzle‐free, and label‐free bioassembly opens a unique opportunity for rapid biofabrication of 3D tissue and organ constructs with complex geometry.
Understanding the Light‐Intensity Dependence of the Short‐Circuit Current of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Hartnagel Paula , Kirchartz Thomas
Published: August 2020

In organic solar cells, bimolecular recombination is a key factor limiting the device performance and creating the need for characterization. Light‐intensity‐dependent short‐circuit current density measurements are a frequently used tool to qualitatively analyze bimolecular recombination in a device. When applying a 0D model, bimolecular recombination is expected to reduce the otherwise linear correlation of the short‐circuit current density Jsc and the light intensity Φ to a sublinear trend. It is shown by numerical simulations that the slope of the Jsc–Φ curve is affected by the recombination mechanism (direct or via traps), the spatial distribution of charge carriers and—in thick solar cells—by space charge effects. Only the combination of these effects allows proper explanation of the different cases, some of which cannot be explained in a simple 0D device model.
Light Promoted Synthesis of Quinoxalines and Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines via Oxybromination from Alkynes and Alkenes
Authors: Das Anupam , Thomas K. R. Justin
Published: August 2020

Light promoted two‐step one‐pot syntheses of quinoxalines and imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines from alkynes and alkenes, respectively under mild conditions are described. The conversions occur via the formation of α,α′‐dibromo ketones or α‐bromo ketones on irradiation with UV LED fluorescent black light (380–390 nm) in acetonitrile/water mixture. This protocol does not require sensitizer or catalyst or additives. This two‐step protocol is a new entry of synthetic methods available for quinoxaline and imidazopyridine derivatives and offers wide functional group tolerance.
Kovalente 2D‐Strukturierung von Graphen durch räumlich aufgelöstes Laserschreiben/Lesen/Löschen
Authors: Edelthalhammer Konstantin Felix , Dasler Daniela , Jurkiewicz Lisa , Nagel Tamara , Al‐Fogra Sabrin , Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas
Published: August 2020

Wir berichten über eine einfache und effiziente Methode für die kovalente 2D‐Musterung von Monolagen‐Graphen mittels Laserbestrahlung. Wir nutzten die photolytische Spaltung von Dibenzoylperoxid (DBPO) und optimierten die nachfolgenden radikalischen Additionen an nicht aktiviertem Graphen bis zu einem Grad, bei dem eine kontrollierte kovalente 2D‐Musterung von Graphen, durch ortsaufgelöstes Laserschreiben initiiert, möglich ist. Die kovalente 2D‐Funktionalisierung von Graphen, die durch Raster‐Raman‐Mikroskopie (SRM) analysiert wird, ist vollständig reversibel. Dieses neue Konzept ermöglicht die Schreib‐/Lese‐/Löschkontrolle über die auf der Graphenoberfläche gespeicherte kovalente chemische Information.
Electrospun fibers loaded with ball‐milled poly(n‐isopropylacrylamide) microgel particles for smart delivery applications
Authors: Mahdieh Zahra , Holian Andrij
Published: August 2020

Stimuli‐responsive electrospun fibers loaded with therapeutic agents for smart delivery are attractive biomedical applications. However, development of such fibers requires the use of complex chemical processes that can induce toxicity, reduce fiber quality, or prohibit fiber electrospinnablity. To address these challenges, core‐shell structured fibers capable of temperature‐controlled delivery of nanoparticles were developed. The fiber core contained an aqueous suspension of poly(n‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel particles and silver nanoparticles (model antibacterial drug). A novel use of ball‐milling was applied to produce microgel particles with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 511 ± 100 nm. The ball‐milling technique was developed to avoid the current complex chemical processes for syntheses of microgels, and to address the need for high‐yield techniques in industrial manufacturing. The results show that the thermoresponsive properties of the PNIPAM hydrogel particles were preserved during the ball‐milling process. The fiber shell formed a strong structure matrix, regulated the nanoparticles release pathway (through open pores formed via selective dissolution of porogen), and served as a barrier to prevent direct contact of microgel particles with tissues. This core‐shell fiber design allows for the future application of various therapeutic agents, including fragile and bioactive agents, and microgel particles with special properties.
Recommendations for behavior analysts regarding the implementation of Social Stories for individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Leaf Justin B. , Cihon Joseph H. , Ferguson Julia L. , Milne Christine M. , Leaf Ronald , McEachin John
Published: August 2020

Social Stories have been implemented and evaluated clinically for individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Social Stories are an intervention where an interventionist writes a story that describes a situation and the behaviors that the learner should display within that situation. Researchers have conducted literature reviews on Social Stories and in the majority of these reviews have found serious methodological flaws (e.g., Leaf et al., 2015; Styles, 2011; Reynhout & Carter, 2011). Yet behavior analysts continue to endorse, recommend, and implement Social Stories for individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review the literature on Social Stories, provide recommendations to behavior analysts on the use of Social Stories, and discuss how to best proceed when Social Stories are recommended in clinical settings.
Optimal timing for surgical reconstruction of bile duct injury: meta-analysis
Authors: Schreuder A M , Nunes Vaz B C , Booij K A C , Dieren S , Besselink M G , Busch O R , Gulik T M
Published: August 2020

Background

Major bile duct injury (BDI) after cholecystectomy generally requires surgical reconstruction by means of hepaticojejunostomy. However, there is controversy regarding the optimal timing of surgical reconstruction.

Methods

A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases for studies published between 1990 and 2018 reporting on the timing of hepaticojejunostomy for BDI (PROSPERO registration CRD42018106611). The main outcomes were postoperative morbidity, postoperative mortality and anastomotic stricture. When individual patient data were available, time intervals of these studies were attuned to render these comparable with other studies. Data for comparable time intervals were pooled using a random-effects model. In addition, data for all included studies were pooled using a generalized linear model.

Results

Some 21 studies were included, representing 2484 patients. In these studies, 15 different time intervals were used. Eight studies used the time intervals of less than 14 days (early), 14 days to 6 weeks (intermediate) and more than 6 weeks (delayed). Meta-analysis revealed a higher risk of postoperative morbidity in the intermediate interval (early versus intermediate: risk ratio (RR) 0·73, 95 per cent c.i. 0·54 to 0·98; intermediate versus delayed: RR 1·50, 1·16 to 1·93). Stricture rate was lowest in the delayed interval group (intermediate versus delayed: RR 1·53, 1·07 to 2·20). Postoperative mortality did not differ within time intervals. The additional analysis demonstrated increased odds of postoperative morbidity for reconstruction between 2 and 6 weeks, and decreased odds of anastomotic stricture for delayed reconstruction.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis found that surgical reconstruction of BDI between 2 and 6 weeks should be avoided as this was associated with higher risk of postoperative morbidity and hepaticojejunostomy stricture.
A newly discovered role of metabolic enzyme PCK1 as a protein kinase to promote cancer lipogenesis
Authors: Jiang Hongfei , Zhu Lei , Xu Daqian , Lu Zhimin
Published: August 2020

Highly active lipogenesis is essential for rapid tumor growth. Sterol regulatory element‐binding protein (SREBP) is a key transcriptional factor for lipogenesis and activated by reduced sterol and oxysterol levels. However, the mechanism by which cancer cells activate SREBP without altering these sterol/oxysterol levels remains elusive. In one of our recent studies published in Nature entitled “The gluconeogenic enzyme PCK1 phosphorylates INSIG1/2 for lipogenesis”, we demonstrated that activated AKT‐mediated phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) S90 phosphorylation reduces the gluconeogenic activity of PCK1 and triggers its translocation to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where PCK1 acts as a protein kinase and uses GTP, rather than ATP, as a phosphate donor to phosphorylate Insig1/2 thereby reducing oxysterol's binding to Insig1/2 and activating SREBP‐mediated lipogenesis for tumor growth. These findings elucidate a coordinated regulation between gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis and uncover a critical role of the protein kinase activity of PCK1 in SREBP‐dependent lipid synthesis.
Rehabilitation Challenge in Patient With a High Smile Line: Case Report and Review of Surgical Protocols
Authors: Sordi Mariane B. , Apaza‐Bedoya Karin , Cruz Ariadne C. C. , Volpato Cláudia A. M. , Benfatti Cesar A. M. , Magini Ricardo S.
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Defects in the maxillary anterior teeth are delicate and difficult to solve because of the esthetic, functional, and psychological impairment that may arise if the rehabilitation treatment does not return the damaged tissues to the naturalness. Esthetic predictability and reduced surgical interventions are some great reasons to simplify dental treatments. During the presurgical evaluation, the clinician should review the implant esthetic risk profile, considering the patient's smile line, the esthetic demands, the hard and soft tissue thickness and width, and the gingival biotype. Thus, achieving long‐term esthetic results initiates with a detailed case planning before surgical intervention.

Case Presentation

The present report described a complex esthetic clinical case involving teeth and dental implant related to a high smile line. The clinical case was solved through immediate implant placement and immediate loading using a personalized prosthetic abutment and finalized with the installation of metal‐free prosthetic restorations.

Conclusion

The use of a personalized prosthetic abutment helped to achieve a better emergence of the prosthesis under the periodontal tissues. Although it was a challenging esthetic case, especially because of the high smile line, the result was a natural smile while the adjacent soft tissues maintained their esthetics and health.
Role of DNA methylation on human CTSG in dermatomyositic myoideum
Authors: Peng Yue , Sun Xiaofeng , Liang Ying
Published: August 2020

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a multifactorial chronic autoimmune disorder with characteristic skin and muscle pathological changes and involvement of other organ systems. Cathepsin G (CTSG) contributes to the risk of developing DM, which is likely to be associated with inflammatory cytokines. Differential DNA methylation on CTSG has been determined to be implicated in DM in vivo. However, the underlying mechanism of this epigenetic regulation on CTST in DM is poorly explored. In this study, we investigated DNA methylation signature on CTSG at single‐nucleotide resolution in quadriceps femoris of six DM patients and paracancerous muscles of three patients with rhabdomyosarcoma on inner thigh using pyrosequencing and observed that the overall DNA methylation level of CTSG was increased in DM compared with control, in which CpG loci at third and fourth exons but not promoter contributed to the significant hypermethylation. Furthermore, we observed that transcription and DNA methylation of CTSG were both declined in DNMT3a knockdown compared with DNMT1 and DNMT3b knockdown in human skeletal muscle SJCRH30 and A‐204 cell lines exposed to tumor necrosis factor‐α. Furthermore, Bortezomib (NF‐κB inhibitor) and Brevilin A (JAK/STAT inhibitor) were employed to treat SJCRH30 and A‐204 cells, respectively, and we observed that CTSG was hypomethylated and silenced after Bortezomib treatment compared with untreatment and Brevilin A. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction indicated that DNMT3a could bind to the coding regions of CTSG and the interaction was dependent on NF‐κB activity. Taken together, our results determined a novel regulatory mechanism of DNA methylation on CTSG in DM.
Surface Engineering Strategy Using Urea To Improve the Rate Performance of Na2Ti3O7 in Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Costa Sara I. R. , Choi Yong‐Seok , Fielding Alistair J. , Naylor Andrew J. , Griffin John M. , Sofer Zdeněk , Scanlon David O. , Tapia‐Ruiz Nuria
Published: August 2020

Na2Ti3O7 (NTO) is considered a promising anode material for Na‐ion batteries due to its layered structure with an open framework and low and safe average operating voltage of 0.3 V vs. Na+/Na. However, its poor electronic conductivity needs to be addressed to make this material attractive for practical applications among other anode choices. Here, we report a safe, controllable and affordable method using urea that significantly improves the rate performance of NTO by producing surface defects such as oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl groups, and the secondary phase Na2Ti6O13. The enhanced electrochemical performance agrees with the higher Na+ ion diffusion coefficient, higher charge carrier density and reduced bandgap observed in these samples, without the need of nanosizing and/or complex synthetic strategies. A comprehensive study using a combination of diffraction, microscopic, spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques supported by computational studies based on DFT calculations, was carried out to understand the effects of this treatment on the surface, chemistry and electronic and charge storage properties of NTO. This study underscores the benefits of using urea as a strategy for enhancing the charge storage properties of NTO and thus, unfolding the potential of this material in practical energy storage applications.
Strain‐Induced Nucleophilic Ring Opening of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropenes for Synthesis of Monosubstituted Succinic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Marichev Kostiantyn O. , Wang Kan , Greco Nicole , Dong Kuiyong , Chen Jinzhou , Lei Jinping , Doyle Michael P.
Published: August 2020

1,2,3‐Trisubstituted donor–acceptor cyclopropenes (DACPs) generated in situ from enoldiazo compounds react with nucleophiles to form α‐substituted succinic acid derivatives in high yields. Initial dirhodium(II) carboxylate catalysis rapidly converts enoldiazo‐acetates or ‐acetamides to DACPs that undergo catalyst‐free Favorskii ring opening with amines, and also with anilines, alcohols, and thiols, when facilitated by catalytic amounts of 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). This methodology provides easy access to mixed esters and amides of monosubstituted succinic acids, including derivatives of naturally occurring compounds. It also affords dihydrazide, dihydroxamic acid, and diamide derivatives, as well as α‐substituted tetrahydropyridazine‐3,6‐diones in high yields. Attempts to generate optically enriched DACPs were not successful because their populations having the R and S configurations formed with a chiral dirhodium catalyst are quite similar, and the loss of enantiocontrol likely originates from the DACP ring forming step which is reversible with its intermediate metal carbene.
Divergent Synthesis of Bioactive Dithiodiketopiperazine Natural Products Based on a Double C(sp3)−H Activation Strategy
Authors: Thesmar Pierre , Coomar Seemon , Prescimone Alessandro , Häussinger Daniel , Gillingham Dennis , Baudoin Olivier
Published: August 2020

This article provides a detailed report of our efforts to synthesize the dithiodiketopiperazine (DTP) natural products (−)‐epicoccin G and (−)‐rostratin A using a double C(sp3)−H activation strategy. The strategy's viability was first established on a model system lacking the C8/C8’ alcohols. Then, an efficient stereoselective route including an organocatalytic epoxidation was secured to access a key bis‐triflate substrate. This bis‐triflate served as the functional handles for the key transformation of the synthesis: a double C(sp3)−H activation. The successful double activation opened access to a common intermediate for both natural products in high overall yield and on a multigram scale. After several unsuccessful attempts, this intermediate was efficiently converted to (−)‐epicoccin G and to the more challenging (−)‐rostratin A via suitable oxidation/reduction and protecting group sequences, and via a final sulfuration that occurred in good yield and high diastereoselectivity. These efforts culminated in the synthesis of (−)‐epicoccin G and (−)‐rostratin A in high overall yields (19.6 % over 14 steps and 12.7 % over 17 steps, respectively), with the latter being obtained on a 500 mg scale. Toxicity assessments of these natural products and several analogues (including the newly synthesized epicoccin K) in the leukemia cell line K562 confirmed the importance of the disulfide bridge for activity and identified dianhydrorostratin A as a 20x more potent analogue.
Data‐Driven Investigation of Monosilane and Ammonia Co‐Pyrolysis to Silicon‐Nitride‐Based Ceramic Nanomaterials
Authors: Choi Yeseul , Preston Thomas J. , Adamczyk Andrew J.
Published: August 2020

With its high strength, high thermal stability, low density, and high electrical resistance, silicon‐nitride‐based ceramics have been widely used as gate insulating layers, oxidation masks, and passivation layers. Employing SiN nanomaterials in anode applications also improves rate performances and cycling stability of the lithium‐ion batteries. However, a fundamental understanding of the SiN synthetic process remains elusive. SiN gas‐phase synthesis can be tailored with a comprehensive understanding of the underlying thermodynamics. In comparison to the characterization data available for solid‐state SiN materials, high‐level theoretical studies on gas‐phase materials possessing Si−N bonds and comprehensive investigation of the SiN chemistry, particularly for nanoclusters, are very uncommon. Thus, we performed a theoretical study of Si and SiN alloy acyclic hydrides and polycyclic clusters to predict electronic structures and thermochemistry using quantum chemical calculation and statistical thermodynamics. Electronic properties by way of highest and lowest occupied molecular orbital energy gap and natural bonding orbitals analysis were calculated to explore the influence of elemental composition and geometry on the stability. Our studies provide characteristic data of SiN species for a data‐driven approach to map the design space for discovery of novel silicon‐nitride‐based ceramic materials for advanced electronic and coating applications.
Endochondral growth zone pattern and activity in the zebrafish pharyngeal skeleton
Authors: Heubel Brian P. , Bredesen Carson A. , Schilling Thomas F. , Le Pabic Pierre
Published: August 2020

Background

Endochondral ossification is a major bone forming mechanism in vertebrates, defects in which can result in skeletal dysplasia or craniofacial anomalies in humans. The zebrafish holds great potential to advance our understanding of endochondral growth zone development and genetics, yet several important aspects of its biology remain unexplored. Here we provide a comprehensive description of endochondral growth zones in the pharyngeal skeleton, including their developmental progression, cellular activity, and adult fates.

Results

Postembryonic growth of the pharyngeal skeleton is supported by endochondral growth zones located either at skeletal epiphyses or synchondroses. Col2a1a and col10a1a in situ hybridization and anti‐PCNA immunostaining identify resting‐, hypertrophic‐ and proliferative zones, respectively, in pharyngeal synchondroses. Cellular hypertrophy and matrix deposition contribute little, if at all, to axial growth in most skeletal elements. Zebrafish endochondral growth zones develop during metamorphosis and arrest in adults.

Conclusions

Two endochondral growth zone configurations in the zebrafish pharyngeal skeleton produce either unidirectional (epiphyses) or bidirectional (synchondroses) growth. Cell proliferation drives endochondral growth and its modulation, in contrast to mammalian long bones in which bone length depends more on cell enlargement during hypertrophy and intramembranous ossification is the default mechanism of bone growth in zebrafish adults.