bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Renal artery stenting with noninvasive duplex ultrasound follow‐up: 3‐year results from the RENAISSANCE renal stent trial
Authors: Rocha‐Singh Krishna , Jaff Michael R. , Lynne Kelley E.
Published: October 2008

Objective The multicenter, single‐arm RENAISSANCE trial evaluated outcomes in patients with progressive atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) treated with the Express™ Renal Premounted Stent System (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA). Background Renal artery stenting may prevent the morbidity and mortality of surgical revascularization and high restenosis rates of percutaneous renal angioplasty (PTRA). Renal artery duplex ultrasonography (DUS) offers an alternative to traditional invasive poststenting angiographic surveillance, though concordance with angiography for in‐stent restenosis has yet to be validated independently. Methods RENAISSANCE enrolled 100 patients (117 lesions) with de novo or restenotic ostial atherosclerotic lesions ≤15 mm long in vessels ≥4.0 and ≤7.0 mm diameter with diameter stenosis ≥70%. The primary endpoint, 9‐month binary restenosis, was compared to an objective performance criterion (OPC) of 40% for published PTRA results. Follow‐up was conducted through 3 years. Results Technical and procedural success was both 99%. Follow‐up angiography, triggered clinically or by ultrasonography, revealed 21.3% binary restenosis at 9 months, which was superior to the OPC (P < 0.0001). Concordance between ultrasonography and angiography for detection of binary restenosis at 9 months was 87%. Peak systolic velocity and renal‐to‐aortic ratio were both significantly improved compared to baseline at 9 months and 2 years. The major adverse event (defined as device‐ or procedure‐related death, target lesion revascularization or significant embolic event) rate was 10.5% at 9 months and 20.9% at 3 years. Conclusions RENAISSANCE demonstrates that renal artery stenting is superior to the prespecified OPC at 9 months, and also shows that DUS can accurately identify in‐stent restenosis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real world safety and efficacy of the Janus tacrolimus‐eluting stent: Long‐term clinical outcome and angiographic findings from the tacrolimus‐eluting stent (TEST) registry
Authors: Tamburino Corrado , Di Salvo Maria Elena , Capodanno Davide , Capranzano Piera , Parisi Rosario , Mirabella Francesca , Scardaci Francesco , Ussia Gianpaolo , Galassi Alfredo Ruggero , Fiscella Damiana , Mehran Roxana , Dangas George
Published: October 2008

Objectives:

We sought to evaluate the safety and performance of the Janus Tacrolimus‐Eluting stent (TES) in an unselected population of patients, without application of restrictive clinical or angiographic criteria.

Background:

Continued attention to the safety, efficacy, and deliverability of first‐generation drug eluting stents has led to the development of new antiproliferative agents with alternative stent platforms and different drug carrier vehicles.

Methods:

The TEST (Tacrolimus Eluting STent) registry is a prospective, nonrandomized single‐center registry in which 140 consecutive patients who underwent single‐ or multi‐vessel percutaneous coronary intervention between February 2005 and August 2005 were enrolled.

Results:

The composite rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 22 months clinical follow‐up was 40.9%. The rate of mortality, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization (TLR) were 5.5%, 11%, and 31.5%, respectively. Angiographic follow‐up at 8 months was achieved in 74% of patients; binary restenosis occurred in 39.4% of lesions. Most restenosis lesions (94.6%) had a diffuse pattern, while focal restenosis was observed in 5.4% of cases. Definite or probable stent thrombosis was observed in 2.4% of patients.

Conclusions:

The present prospective, nonrandomized, TEST registry indicated high MACE and restenosis rates, and thereby rather discouraging long‐term outcomes with use of the Janus TES in an unselected “real world” population of patients who underwent single‐ or multi‐vessel percutaneous coronary intervention. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Successful recanalization of a chronic occluded left anterior descending coronary artery with a modification of the retrograde proximal true lumen puncture technique: The antegrade microcatheter probing technique
Authors: Christ Günter , Glogar Dietmar
Published: October 2008

Chronic total occlusions (CTO) still remain one of the most technically challenging fields in interventional cardiology. Here we report a case of successful retrograde recanalization of an occluded proximal left anterior descending coronary artery with a modification of the “retrograde proximal true lumen puncture” technique. By combining this strategy with a novel antegrade guide wire access through a microcatheter which was placed into the antegrade guiding catheter with the “reverse anchoring balloon” technique (the “antegrade microcatheter probing” technique), the need for retrograde CTO lesion dilatations has been eliminated, making the procedure easier and faster. This modified retrograde approach might provide a feasible and safe technique for antegrade guide wire access during retrograde CTO recanalization. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Catheter closure of atrial septal defects with deficient inferior vena cava rim under transesophageal echo guidance
Authors: Remadevi K.S. , Francis Edwin , Kumar Raman Krishna
Published: October 2008

Objectives: To describe the case selection, imaging considerations, technique, and results of catheter closure of atrial septal defects (ASD) with deficient inferior vena cava (IVC) rim. Background: Transcatheter closure with Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) has become standard treatment for most secundum ASDs. Defects with deficient IVC rim continue to be challenging to image and close in the catheterization laboratory. Methods: Records of 12 patients with deficient IVC rim (<5 mm), who underwent catheter closure (April 2007 to June 2008) were reviewed. General anesthesia and transesophageal echo (TEE) guidance was used in all. The IVC rim was imaged at 70°–90° with retroflexion of the TEE probe, in addition to the conventional views. Devices 1–4 mm > maximal ASD size were selected. Deployment was accomplished either from the left atrium, left upper or from the right pulmonary veins. Results: The median age was 5.5 (2.5–27) years and median weight was 19.5 (9‐65) kg. The defects measured 16–32 mm and 18–36 mm septal occluders were used. The median fluoroscopic time was 13.1 (4.2–32.7) min. Initial device selection was revised in four patients. Two patients had residual flows at IVC margin. The device embolized to right ventricular outflow tract in one patient. This was retrieved, and a larger device was deployed. No other complications were observed immediately or on follow‐up (median 6; range 1–14 months). Conclusions: Transcatheter closure of ASDs with deficient IVC rim is feasible under TEE guidance. The modified retroflexed view allows adequate imaging of IVC rim through TEE. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early and long‐term results of percutaneous coronary intervention for unprotected left main trifurcation disease
Authors: Sheiban Imad , Gerasimou Argyrios , Bollati Mario , Biondi‐Zoccai Giuseppe , Sciuto Filippo , Omedé Pierluigi , Sillano Dario , Trevi Gian Paolo , Moretti Claudio
Published: October 2008

Objectives: We aimed to conduct a retrospective cohort study focusing on our 5‐year experience in the percutaneous treatment of unprotected left main (ULM) trifurcation disease. Background: Percutaneous treatment of ULM trifurcation remains a challenging and rare procedure for most interventional cardiologists. Moreover, data on long‐term outcomes are lacking. Methods: We retrieved all patients with ULM trifurcation disease treated percutaneously at our Institution since 2002, and adjudicated baseline, procedural, and outcome data. The primary end point was the long‐term rate of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, i.e., cardiac death, myocardial infarction, bypass surgery, or target vessel revascularization). Results: A total of 27 patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation for ULM trifurcation disease, with 14 (52%) cases of true trifurcations, i.e., with concomitant significant stenoses of the distal ULM/ostial left anterior descending plus ostial ramus intermedius and ostial circumflex. Bare‐metal stents were implanted in 8 (29%) patients and drug‐eluting stents (DES) in 26 (96%), with a main branch stent only strategy in 11 (40%), T stenting in 9 (33%), and V stenting in 6 (27%). Procedural and clinical success occurred in 26 (96%), with one postprocedural death. Angiographic follow‐up was obtained in 22 patients (81%), and clinical follow‐up was completed in all subjects after a median of 28 ± 17 months, showing overall MACE in 9 (33%), with cardiac death in 4 (15%), myocardial infarction in 1 (4%), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in 4 (15%), and percutaneous target vessel revascularization in 5 (19%). Definite stent thrombosis was adjudicated in 1 (3%) patient. Treatment of a true trifurcation lesion and recurrence of angina during follow‐up were significantly associated with an increased risk of MACE (P = 0.029 and P = 0.050, respectively). Conclusions: Percutaneous treatment of ULM trifurcation disease is feasible, associated with favorable mid‐term results, and may be considered given its low invasiveness in patients at high surgical risk or with multiple comorbidities. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of left main coronary artery bifurcation lesions treated with biolimus‐eluting DEVAX AXXESS plus nitinol self‐expanding stent: Intravascular ultrasound results of the AXXENT trial
Authors: Hasegawa Takao , Ako Junya , Koo Bon‐Kwon , Miyazawa Akiyoshi , Sakurai Ryota , Chang Hyeonsoo , Dens Joseph , Verheye Stefan , Grube Eberhard , Honda Yasuhiro , Fitzgerald Peter J.
Published: October 2008

Objective: To assess the efficacy of the AXXESS stent on the treatment of left main coronary artery (LMCA) bifurcation lesions using IVUS. Background: The treatment of LMCA bifurcation lesions remains challenging even with the use of drug‐eluting stents. The AXXESS system is a biolimus A9‐eluting self‐expanding stent, dedicated to the treatment of bifurcation lesions. Methods: Data were obtained from the AXXENT trial, a prospective, single‐arm, multicenter study designed to evaluate the efficacy of the AXXESS stent on the treatment of LMCA bifurcation lesions. IVUS was available in 26 cases at 6‐months follow‐up. Volumetric and cross‐sectional analyses within the AXXESS stent, and cross‐sectional analyses at the ostia of left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex coronary arteries (LCX) were performed. Results: Within the AXXESS stent, percent neointimal volume obstruction was (3.0 ± 4.1)% with a minimal lumen area of 10.3 ± 2.6 mm2. AXXESS stent volume showed an 12.4% increase at follow‐up compared with postprocedure (P = 0.04). Lumen area was significantly smaller in the LCX ostium compared with the LAD ostium at follow‐up (3.6 ± 1.3 mm2 vs. 5.5 ± 2.0 mm2, P = 0.0112). There was greater neointimal formation in the LCX ostium compared with the LAD ostium (1.37 ± 1.20 mm2 vs. 0.30 ± 0.36 mm2, P = 0.0003). Conclusions: The AXXESS stent in the LMCA showed enlargement through 6‐months follow‐up and significant neointimal suppression. Greater neointimal formation and relatively inadequate stent expansion may contribute to luminal narrowing in the LCX ostium. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The pharmacokinetics of Biolimus A9 after elution from the Nobori stent in patients with coronary artery disease: The NOBORI PK study
Authors: Ostojic Miodrag , Sagic Dragan , Jung Robert , Zhang Yan‐Ling , Nedeljkovic Milan , Mangovski Ljupco , Stojkovic Sinisa , Debeljacki Dragan , Colic Mirko , Beleslin Branko , Milosavljevic Bratislav , Orlic Dejan , Topic Dragan , Karanovic Nevena , Paunovic Dragica , Christians Uwe ,   on behalf of NOBORI PK Investigators
Published: October 2008

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of Biolimus A9 eluted from Nobori coronary stents.

Background:

The release kinetics and pharmacokinetics of drugs delivered via coronary stents have been shown to play an essential role in the efficacy and safety of drug eluting stents.

Methods:

Twenty patients with coronary artery disease were treated with single 14‐mm (10 patients) or 28‐mm long stent (10 patients). Blood samples were drawn at 16 time points to determine the pharmacokinetics of Biolimus A9. At seven time points, complete laboratory and toxicology panels were assessed to screen for potential Biolimus A9 toxicity. The primary endpoint of the study was the systemic blood concentrations of Biolimus A9 after 28 days and 6 months as measured using highly specific and sensitive liquid chromatography‐ tandem mass spectrometry assay.

Results:

At 28 days, 6 patients (30%) had quantifiable Biolimus A9 concentrations in blood. The highest Biolimus A9 blood concentration measured in any sample was 32.2 pg/mL. The median time to maximum concentration was 2 hr, ranging from 0.05 hr to 3 months. Six months after stent implantation, only 1 of 20 patients had measurable Biolimus A9 concentrations at the lowest level of quantification, while at 9 months no sample had quantifiable Biolimus A9 concentrations. Laboratory and toxicology assessments did not indicate any impact of Biolimus A9 on the evaluated parameters.

Conclusion:

Results of this study suggest that systemic exposure to Biolimus A9 was very low and that Biolimus A9 was well tolerated. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intracoronary delivery of mesenchymal stem cells at high flow rates after myocardial infarction improves distal coronary blood flow and decreases mortality in pigs
Authors: Llano Raul , Epstein Samuel , Zhou Rong , Zhang Hualei , Hamamdzic Damir , Keane Martin G. , Freyman Toby , Wilensky Robert L.
Published: October 2008

Objectives: Evaluate the effects of pressure and duration of intracoronary (IC) infusion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on delivery efficiency and safety after myocardial infarction (MI). Background: Standard IC delivery of MSCs can lead to intravascular plugging and reduced coronary blood flow. The optimal delivery pressure and duration is unknown. Methods: Immediately after MI pigs were randomized to 1 of 3 delivery protocols of 5 × 107 iron‐fluorescent microspheres labeled MSCs, control received 2 ml infusions at 1 ml/min (five times), very high flow rate (VHFR) a single 10 ml infusion at 60 ml/min and the high flow rate (HFR) group a single 10 ml infusion at 20 ml/min. TIMI grade flow was assessed throughout the procedure and at sacrifice (day 14). MSCs distribution was analyzed in isolated hearts by 4.7T MRI. Delivery efficiency was quantified via fluorescent microsphere recovery using a magnetic separation technique and by light microscopy. Results: TIMI grade flow did not change following MI (all groups TIMI 3). However, following MSCs delivery only 18% (2/11) of control animals had TIMI 3 blood flow vs. 56% (5/9) in VHFR and 67% (4/6) in HFR (P = 0.03). As a consequence, 63% of control animals died within 24 hr, 33% in VHFR and none in HFR (P = 0.02). MSCs delivery in the infarct tissue did not differ between the groups (P = 0.06). Conclusions: A single MSCs infusion at 20 ml/min resulted in improved coronary blood flow and decreased mortality, without sacrificing delivery efficiency. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment with optical coherence tomography of a new strategy for bifurcational lesion treatment: The Tryton Side‐Branch Stent
Authors: Ferrante Giuseppe , Kaplan Aaron V. , Di Mario Carlo
Published: October 2008

The Tryton‐Side Branch Stent™ (Tryton Medical, Inc., Newton, MA, USA) is a dedicated stent designed to provide complete carinal coverage of bifurcational lesions. After implantation of a 18 mm cobalt chromium Tryton stent from the left circumflex into the obtuse marginal branch, recrossing with an everolimus eluting Promus stent and final kissing balloon dilatation, optical coherence tomography (OCT) (LightLab Imaging Inc., Westford, MA, USA) was performed with a non‐occlusive technique with motorized pullback (3 mm/s) during continuous pump injection of iso‐osmolar contrast, in both LCx and OM1. OCT imaging showed good strut apposition at the level of the carina, with full coverage and no stent protrusion at the ostium of the side branch. Few malapposed struts were present in the proximal main vessel in the segment of stent superimposition, with a maximal separation from to the vessel wall of 160 μm. The implantation of the Tryton‐Side Branch Stent™ allowed full coverage of the side branch ostium with uniform apposition of the stent struts at the level of the carina assessed by OCT. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous endovascular treatment for isolated spontaneous superior mesenteric artery dissection: Report of two cases and literature review
Authors: Wu Xue‐Ming , Wang Tzung‐Dau , Chen Ming‐Fong
Published: October 2008

Isolated spontaneous superior mesenteric artery (SMA) dissection is a rare and sporadically reported condition. Therapeutic options include medical treatment, surgery, and endovascular treatment. However, the optimal treatment strategy has still not been established. We herein present two patients with acute abdomen due to isolated spontaneous SMA dissection, in whom symptoms remained despite initial anticoagulation therapy. Percutaneous endovascular treatment with stenting of the dissected main trunk to achieve complete coverage of the entry site and balloon angioplasty for the distally involved side branches were performed successfully and resulted in complete resolution of the symptoms. According to our experience and previous case reports, early (within 1 week) elective percutaneous endovascular intervention with background anticoagulation therapy is a feasible and effective treatment strategy for symptomatic patients with isolated SMA dissection. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous management of acutely thrombosed hemodialysis grafts: The double balloon occlusion technique
Authors: Lai Chi‐Cheng , Kang Pei‐Leun , Tsai Han‐Lin , Mar Guang‐Yuan , Liu Chun‐Peng
Published: October 2008

Objectives: The aim of this article is to introduce a new technique, named the “double balloon occlusion technique” (DBOT), for the salvage of acutely thrombosed grafts and to demonstrate its safety and efficacy. Background: Acute thrombosis is recognized as the most common factor of acute graft failures. A suitably percutaneous technique should be devised to remove thrombi safely and effectively. Care should also be taken to prevent possible thromboembolic complications during procedures. Mainly composed of two balloons, the percutaneous DBOT has been developed to meet the clinical needs. Methods: Thirty‐two patients with graft failures undergoing the DBOT were recruited between May 2007 and May 2008. The DBOT is itemized in the text and a practical case undergoing successful DBOT is also demonstrated. Results: Of the 32 DBOT treatments, the procedural success rate was 100% (32/32). The clinical success rate was 94% (30/32). One complicated case with severe hematoma resulting from a balloon‐induced graft rupture received surgery, although the graft outflow restored. The mean procedure time was 92 minutes. Three patients died and two patients were lost within the 3‐month follow‐up. The 3‐month graft patency rate was 70% (19/27). Conclusion: The DBOT has the potential to be operated safely and effectively. Preliminary results had high success rates and patency rates. With basic devices, it may serve as an option to rescue thrombosed grafts. More data are needed to identify its clinical role. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale with radiofrequency: Acute and intermediate term results in 144 patients
Authors: Sievert Horst , Ruygrok Peter , Salkeld Matt , Baumgartner Helmut , Meier Bernhard , Windecker Stephan , Juliard Jean‐Michel , Aubry Pierre , Tiefenbacher Christiane , Krumsdorf Ulrike , Vermeersch Paul , Ewert Peter , Piéchaud Jean François
Published: October 2008

Aims:

Currently available devices for transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) which rely on a permanent implant have limitations, including late complications. The study objective was to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of the PFx™ Closure System, the first transcatheter technique for PFO closure without an implantable device.

Methods and Results:

A prospective study of 144 patients was conducted at nine clinical sites from October 2005 through August 2007. All patients had a history of cryptogenic stroke, transient ischemic attack, migraines, or decompression illness. The mean balloon stretched diameter of the PFO was 7.9 ± 2.5 mm. Technical success (successful application of radiofrequency energy) was achieved in 130 patients. One patient required a transfusion as a result of blood loss during the procedure. There were no other major procedural complications. There were no recurrent strokes, deaths, conduction abnormalities, or perforations following the procedure. At a mean follow‐up of 6 months, successful closure was achieved in 79 patients (55%). In PFOs with balloon sized or stretched diameters less than 8 mm, the closure rate was 72% (53/74).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that transcatheter closure of a PFO without a permanent implant is technically feasible and safe. Further technique and device modifications are required to achieve higher closure rates. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative angiographic methods for bifurcation lesions : A consensus statement from the European Bifurcation Group
Authors: Lansky Alexandra , Tuinenburg Joan , Costa Marco , Maeng Micheal , Koning Gerhard , Popma Jeffrey , Cristea Ecatarina , Gavit Laurence , Costa Ricardo , Rares Andrei , Van Es Gerritt‐Ann , Lefevre Thierry , Reiber Hans , Louvard Yves , Morice Marie‐Claude
Published: October 2008

The treatment of bifurcation lesions is complex and increasingly common. A growing number of dedicated bifurcation devices are under clinical evaluation, but no standardized methodology exists. Specifically, the angiographic analysis of bifurcation lesions is not standardized and current QCA packages are not designed for bifurcation lesions. This consensus statement outlines the limitations of conventional QCA in the bifurcation application, and outlines a new standard approach for the analysis and reporting of the angiographic results of the bifurcation lesion allowing for future trial and device comparisons and mechanistic insight into location and modes of treatment failure. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Step‐by‐step StentBoost‐guided small vessel stenting using the self‐expandable sparrow stent‐in‐wire
Authors: Agostoni Pierfrancesco , Verheye Stefan
Published: October 2008

A 56 year‐old woman underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for a lesion in a small mid‐left anterior descending coronary artery (reference vessel diameter by quantitative coronary angiography: 2.11 mm) with a novel drug‐eluting stent specifically designed for small vessels, the CardioMind Sparrow stent delivery system. This is a self‐expandable sirolimus‐eluting nitinol stent directly mounted into a 0.014‐inch coronary guidewire. The stent has a very thin strut thickness (67 micron), limiting its radiopacity. A specific X‐ray stent‐enhancing visualization technique, “StentBoost”, allowed clear visualization and understanding of the steps needed for an appropriate release and deployment of the aforementioned stent. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Collagen embolization for the successful treatment of a distal coronary artery perforation
Authors: Aleong Godfrey , Jimenez‐Quevedo Pilar , Alfonso Fernando
Published: October 2008

A 42‐year old man suffered a coronary artery perforation in the right coronary artery secondary to a hydrophilic guidewire. We describe for the first time the use of collagen embolization to successfully treat this complication © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple coronary artery fistulae treated with a single Amplatzer vascular plug: Check the back door when the front is locked
Authors: Brown Michael A. , Balzer David , Lasala John
Published: October 2008

Congenital coronary artery fistulae are rare anomalies, which can result in myocardial ischemia or infarction, congestive heart failure, fistula rupture, or death. In this report, the authors describe a 56‐year‐old woman with new onset chest pain and palpitations. Exercise myocardial perfusion imaging was significant for a reversible perfusion defect in the anterior left ventricular wall. Left and right heart catheterization demonstrated multiple fistulous communications between the right coronary and left anterior descending coronary arteries with the pulmonary artery. All fistulae drained into the pulmonary artery by a common ampulla. Closure was achieved via a percutaneous approach using a single Amplatzer vascular plug. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect in elderly patients with permanent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Taniguchi Manabu , Akagi Teiji , Ohtsuki Shinichi , Okamoto Yoshio , Tanabe Yasuharu , Watanabe Nobuhisa , Nakagawa Koji , Toh Norihisa , Kusano Kengo , Sano Shunji
Published: October 2008

Objectives:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of device closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) in elderly patients with permanent atrial fibrillation.

Background:

Little is known about the feasibility of device closure of ASD in those patients.

Methods:

Nine consecutive patients (mean age 68.1 years) with permanent atrial fibrillation (>1 year persistent) underwent catheter closure using the Amplatzer septal occluder. Transthoracic echocardiography and plasma B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level were assessed before and at 24 hours; and 1, 3, and >6 months after the closure. Before the procedure, appropriate dose of warfarin was used in all, diuretics was used in 8/9. Same amount of medications were continued after the procedure.

Results:

ASD could be closed in all (mean device size 27.3 mm) without hemodynamic and thromboembolic complications. New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification was significantly improved in all patients after device closure. No hemodynamic and thromboembolic complications were observed during the follow‐up period (mean 10.6 months). Although permanent atrial fibrillation did not change in all after the procedure, resting heart rate decreased from 76.2 ± 16.0 to 68.3 ± 13.2 beats/min (P = 0.015). There was statistically significant improvement in right ventricular/left ventricular diameter ratio (1.08 ± 0.16 to 0.73 ± 0.10, P = 0.008) and plasma BNP level (183.7 ± 90.5 to 94.6 ± 47.4 pg/mL, P = 0.008) after >6 months device closure.

Conclusions:

Even in the patients complicated with permanent fibrillation, transcatheter closure of ASD can contribute to symptomatic improvement as well as cardiac geometric remodeling. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative healing response after sirolimus‐ and paclitaxel‐eluting stent implantation in a pig model of restenosis
Authors: Silva Guilherme V. , Fernandes Marlos R. , Madonna Rosella , Clubb Fred , Oliveira Edie , Jimenez‐Quevedo Pilar , Branco Rodrigo , Lopez Javier , Angeli Franca S. , Sanz‐Ruiz Ricardo , Vaughn William K. , Zheng Yi , Baimbridge Fred , Canales John , Cardoso Cristiano O. , Assad Joao A. , Falotico Robert , Perin Emerson C.
Published: October 2008

Objective:

We compared local vessel healing and inflammatory responses associated with nonoverlapping sirolimus‐eluting stents (SES) and paclitaxel‐eluting stents (PES).

Background:

Sirolimus and paclitaxel may have different effects on vascular healing. In the present study, we analyzed the local histologic effects of drug‐eluting stents (DES).

Methods:

We placed 43 stents (22 PES and 21 SES) in 16 Yucatan minipigs. Stents were randomly assigned and placed in the left anterior descending, circumflex, or right coronary arteries (one stent per artery), covering a region previously injured by balloon angioplasty.

Results:

Histopathologic analysis showed that the distribution of injury scores was similar between the two stent groups, reflecting the homogeneity of coronary injury secondary to balloon overstretch. Electron microscopy showed complete endothelialization in most cases. Incomplete endothelialization was present in 12.5% of PES and almost 20% of SES at 30 days. In the PES group, moderate to severe inflammation was found in eight arteries, whereas only one vessel had moderate inflammation in the SES group. Severe inflammation was observed significantly more often in the PES than in the sirolimus group (P = 0.006). With the PES group, stent struts overlying side branches had a significantly higher frequency of poor endothelialization scores than did stent struts that did not overlay side branches (P = 0.006).

Conclusions:

In this preclinical study in a pig model of in‐stent restenosis, implantation of nonoverlapping DES was associated with local inflammatory reactions and decreased endothelial repair. Impaired endothelialization was visualized in the struts overlying side branches. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wavelet Analysis of Particle Concentration Signals in an Acoustic Bubbling Fluidized Bed
Authors: Si C. D. , Guo Q. J.
Published: October 2008

The time series of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) particle concentrations were measured by an optical fiber probe under conditions of different sound pressure levels and sound frequencies in an acoustic bubbling fluidized bed (ϕ 140 mm × 1600 mm). The results show that the minimum fluidization velocity had a minimum value when the sound wave frequency was 150 Hz. Under the same sound frequency, the fluidization velocity decreased as the sound pressure level increased. The particle concentration signals in an acoustic fluidized bed were also analyzed by means of wavelet analysis. On the basis of discrete wavelet transform, an original signal was resolved into five detailed scale signals. By using wavelet energy analysis, it was found that the peak frequency of the scale 3 or 4 detail wavelet signals represents the bubbling frequency and the peak amplitude for the bubble size. The results indicate that the bubbling frequency and bubble size decreased with increasing sound pressure level at a given frequency. In addition they decreased with increasing sound frequency ranging from 50–150 Hz, but further increased with increasing sound frequency ranging from 150–500 Hz.
Simplified Calculation of Mixing and Suspending Processes in Agitated Vessels – Part I: Basis of The Model
Authors: Lohse R. , Platzer B.
Published: October 2008

Mixing processes with different stirring systems in agitated vessels are simulated by a multi‐region model. Because of discontinuities at the boundaries of different regions appearing for the already‐existing simple three‐region model, unrealistic values occur during the calculation of the concentration distribution at these locations. Therefore, the region model will be modified at first. The procedure is presented here for the example of a radial flow stirrer, considering the fluid velocity, the turbulence field, the particle diffusion, and the relative fluid‐to‐particle velocity. The modified model is discussed and validated. Thus, the behavior of single particles and particle swarms can be analyzed in the vessel considering different aspects.
Liquid Holdup in Catalyst‐Containing Pockets of a Modular Catalytic Structured Packing
Authors: Behrens M. , Olujić Ž. , Jansens P. J.
Published: October 2008

This paper introduces a simple, first principles‐based model describing the liquid holdup in the catalyst‐containing pockets of Katapak‐SP, a modular catalytic structured packing developed to allow a certain degree of flexibility with respect to the variation in reaction‐to‐separation requirements in a single unit. The basic requirement for the catalyst‐containing pockets in this respect is to be fully filled with flowing liquid which implies that the operating holdup is bound between the static holdup of the catalyst bed as the lower end, and that corresponding to the upper limit, the so‐called catalytic load point. The latter is the liquid load corresponding to the bed saturation point, indicating that excessive liquid will be retained, i.e., will remain in the separation part of the packing element and mix with the liquid leaving the catalyst‐filled pockets at the bottom of the element. Detailed knowledge of the liquid holdup as well as the pattern of the trickling flow is essential because it governs the performance of the reaction part and consequently the hybrid unit as a whole. Both glass and resin (an industrial catalyst) particles were used in conjunction with water and a binary water‐methanol mixture as working fluids. The model predictions for static holdup and the catalytic load agree well with the experiments.
A Novel Radial‐Flow, Spherical‐Bed Reactor Concept for Methanol Synthesis in the Presence of Catalyst Deactivation
Authors: Rahimpour M. R. , Abbasloo A. , Sayyad Amin J.
Published: October 2008

A radial‐flow, spherical‐bed reactor concept for methanol synthesis in the presence of catalyst deactivation, has been proposed. This reactor configuration visualizes the concentration and temperature distribution inside a radial‐flow packed bed with a novel design for improving reactor performance with lower pressure drop. The dynamic simulation of spherical multi‐stage reactors has been studied in the presence of long‐term catalyst deactivation. Model equations were solved by the orthogonal collocation method. The performance of the spherical multi‐stage reactors was compared with a conventional single‐type tubular reactor. The results show that for this case study and with similar reactor specifications and operating conditions, the two‐stage spherical reactor is better than other alternatives such as single‐stage spherical, three‐stage spherical and conventional tubular reactors. By increasing the number of stages of a spherical reactor, one increases the quality of production and decreases the quantity of production.
L‐Lysine Monohydrochloride Syrup Concentration using a Membrane Hybrid Process of Ultrafiltration and Vacuum Membrane Distillation
Authors: Bakhtiari O. , Mohammadi T.
Published: October 2008

The development of energy saving membrane separation processes is finding a unique position in process industries. One of the important areas where they are employed is the biotechnology industry. This industry has its own specifications and requirements, e.g., levels of diluteness, thermal, chemical and shear fragility. Membrane separation processes have the characteristics necessary to match these specifications and needs. In this research, the determination of the experimental concentration of L‐Lysine monohydrochloride (L‐lysine‐HCl) syrup was investigated using ultrafiltration (UF) and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) hybrid membrane processes. Four parameters that are known to have significant influence on the UF process were examined, i.e., pressure difference across the membrane, feed concentration of L‐lysine‐HCl, feed velocity on the membrane surface, and pH. For the VMD unit, pressure difference and pH were replaced with feed temperature and vacuum pressure on the permeate side of membrane. Each process was carried out separately and the results were used to design a bench‐scale process. In order to save time and money, the Taguchi method of experimental design was employed. The effects of feed concentration, pressure difference across the membrane, feed velocity on the membrane surface, and pH on the target variable, i.e., the membrane flux, in the UF process were 39.93, 38.65, 9.36, and 9.59 %, respectively. For the VMD process, these values were 64.79, 22.16, 6.21, and 2.14 % for feed temperature, feed concentration, vacuum pressure on the permeate side, and feed velocity on the membrane surface, respectively.
Electropolishing of Vertical Plates under Intensified Mass Transfer Conditions in a Gas Stirred, Modified Parallel Plate Reactor
Authors: Sedahmed G. H. , Nirdosh I.
Published: October 2008

The rates of electropolishing of vertical copper plates in H3PO4 placed downstream of a H2 evolving cathode were studied by measuring the limiting current of the diffusion controlled process under different conditions of H2 discharge rates and H3PO4 concentrations. The mass transfer coefficient was found to increase with H2 discharge rate raised to the exponent of 0.4. Within the studied experimental range of conditions, the rate of polishing increased by a factor ranging from 1.95–5.8, depending on the H2 discharge rate and H3PO4 concentration compared to the natural convection value. The results are explained in terms of surface renewal theory. The proposed electrochemical reactor offers the advantage of increasing the rate of electropolishing without consuming external stirring energy as opposed to traditional electrochemical reactors.
Versatile Friedel–Crafts‐Type Alkylation of Benzene Derivatives Using a Molybdenum Complex/ortho‐Chloranil Catalytic System
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko , Itonaga Kouhei
Published: October 2008

A variety of molybdenum complexes catalyze Friedel–Crafts‐type alkylation reactions of benzene derivatives with alkenes and alcohols in the presence of an organic oxidant,o‐chloranil. The utilization of [Mo(CO)6] and two equivalents ofo‐chloranil catalytically furnished the hydroarylation product of norbornene withp‐xylene at 80 °C, whereas [Cr(CO)6] and [W(CO)6] failed to catalyze the same reaction, thus indicating the importance of the molybdenum source. The best results were obtained when a molybdenum(II) complex [CpMoCl(CO)3] (Cp=cyclopentadienyl) was used as a precatalyst. The hydroarylation reactions also took place with styrenes, cyclohexenes, and 1‐hexene as olefin substrates. The electrophilic‐substitution mechanism was proposed on the basis of theortho/paraselectivities and the Markovnikov selectivities observed for the hydroarylation products. Our hypothesis was further corroborated by the fact that in the presence of the [CpMoCl(CO)3]/o‐chloranil catalytic system, secondary, benzylic, or allylic alcohols participated in the alkylation of benzenes with similar selectivities.
Unexpected Direct Iron‐Fluorine Bonds in Trifluorophosphane Iron Complexes: An Alternative to Bridging Trifluorophosphane and Difluorophosphido Groups
Authors: Zou Rong , Li Qian‐shu , Xie Yaoming , King R. Bruce , Schaefer Henry F.
Published: October 2008

The iron trifluorophosphane complexes [Fe(PF3)n] (n=4, 5), [Fe2(PF3)n] (n=8, 9), [H2Fe(PF3)4], and [Fe2(PF2)2(PF3)6] have been studied by density functional theory. The lowest energy structures of [Fe(PF3)4] and [Fe(PF3)5] are a triplet tetrahedron and a singlet trigonal bipyramid, respectively. Both cis and trans octahedral structures were found for [H2Fe(PF3)4] with the cis isomer lying lower in energy by ≈10 kcal mol−1. The lowest energy structure for [Fe2(PF3)8] has two [Fe(PF3)4] units linked only by an iron–iron bond of length 2.505 Å consistent with the formal FeFe double bond required to give both iron atoms the favored 18‐electron configuration. In the lowest energy structure for [Fe2(PF3)9] one of the iron atoms has inserted into a PF bond of one of the PF3 ligands to give a structure [(F3P)4Fe←PF2Fe(F)(PF3)4] with a bridging PF2 group and a direct FeF bond. A bridging PF3 group is found in a considerably higher energy [Fe2(PF3)9] structure at ≈30 kcal mol−1 above the global minimum. However, this bridging PF3 group keeps the two iron atoms too far apart (≈4 Å) for the direct iron‐iron bond required to give the iron atoms the favored 18‐electron configuration. The preferred structure for [Fe2(PF2)2(PF3)6] has a bridging PF2 group, as expected. However, this bridging PF2 group bonds to one of the iron atoms through an PFe covalent bond and to the other iron through an F→Fe dative bond, leaving an uncomplexed phosphorus lone pair.
The Electronic Structure of Iron Corroles: A Combined Experimental and Quantum Chemical Study
Authors: Ye Shengfa , Tuttle Tell , Bill Eckhard , Simkhovich Liliya , Gross Zeev , Thiel Walter , Neese Frank
Published: October 2008

There is a longstanding debate in the literature on the electronic structure of chloroiron corroles, especially for those containing the highly electron‐withdrawing meso‐tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole (TPFC) ligand. Two alternative electronic structures were proposed for this and the related [FeCl(tdcc)] (TDCC=meso‐tris(2,6‐dichlorophenyl)corrole) complex, namely a high‐valent ferryl species chelated by a trianionic corrolato ligand ([FeIV(Cor)3−]+) or an intermediate‐spin (IS) ferric ion that is antiferromagnetically coupled to a dianionic π‐radical corrole ([FeIII(Cor).2−]+) yielding an overall triplet ground state. Two series of corrole‐based iron complexes ([Fe(L)(Cor)], in which L=F, Cl, Br, I, and Cor=TPFC, TDCC) have been investigated by a combined experimental (Mössbauer spectroscopy) and computational (DFT) approach in order to differentiate between the two possible electronic‐structure descriptions. The experimentally calibrated conclusions were reached by a detailed analysis of the Kohn–Sham solutions, which successfully reproduce the experimental structures and spectroscopic parameters: the electronic structures of [Fe(L)(Cor)] (L=F, Cl, Br, I, Cor=TPFC, TDCC) are best formulated as ([IS‐FeIII(Cor).2−]+), similar to chloroiron corrole complexes containing electron‐rich corrole ligands. The antiferromagnetic pathway is composed of singly occupied Fe d and corrole a2u‐like π orbitals, with coupling constants that exceed those of analogous porphyrin systems by a factor of 2–3. In the corroles, the combination of lower symmetry, extra negative charge, and smaller cavity size (relative to the porphyrins) leads to exceptionally strong iron–corrole σ bonds. Hence, the Fe d‐based molecular orbital is unavailable in the corrole complexes (contrary to the porphyrin case), and the local spin states are SFe=3/2 in the corroles versus SFe=5/2 in the porphyrins. The consequences of this qualitative difference are discussed for spin distributions and magnetic properties.
Racemic β‐Sheets as Templates for the Generation of Homochiral (Isotactic) Peptides from Aqueous Solutions of (RS)‐Valine or ‐Leucine N‐Carboxy‐ anhydrides: Relevance to Biochirogenesis
Authors: Rubinstein Irina , Clodic Gilles , Bolbach Gerard , Weissbuch Isabelle , Lahav Meir
Published: October 2008

As part of our program on biochirogenesis of homochiral peptides from racemic precursors, we report the feasibility of obtaining peptides with homochiral sequences composed of up to 25 residues of the same handedness in the polymerization of racemic valine or leucine N‐carboxyanhydrides in aqueous solutions, as initiated by amines. The composition of the oligopeptides was determined by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry, and the sequences of some of the heterochiral diastereoisomers were studied by MALDI‐TOF MS/MS performed on samples in which the S enantiomers of the monomer were tagged with deuterium atoms. The process comprises several steps: 1) a Markov mechanism of asymmetric induction in the early stages of the polymerization yields libraries of racemic oligopeptides enriched with isotactic diastereoisomers, together with oligopeptide sequences containing enantiomeric blocks of homochiral residues; 2) the short peptides self‐assemble into racemic colloidal architectures that serve as regio‐enantioselective templates in the ensuing process of chain elongation; 3) homochiral residues of the amino acids located at the periphery of these colloidal aggregates exert efficient enantioselection, which results in the formation of long isotactic oligopeptides. The final diastereoisomeric distribution of the peptides depends upon the composition of the templates, which is determined by the concentration of the initiator. The racemic mixtures of isotactic peptides can be desymmetrized by using enantiopure methyl esters of α‐amino acids as initiators.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures and Cation Ordering of Sr2AlSbO6 and Sr2CoSbO6.
Authors: Faik A. , Gateshki M. , Igartua J. M. , Pizzarro J. L. , Insausti M. , Kaindl R. , Grzechnik A.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Luminescence of Sr0.99Eu0.01AlSiN3.
Authors: Watanabe Hiromu , Yamane Hisanori , Kijima Naoto
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dimensional Reductions from 2‐D Nb4P2S21 to 1‐D ANb2PS10 (A: Na, K, Rb, Cs, Tl) and 0‐D Tl5[Nb2S4C18]Cl Using Halide Molten Salts.
Authors: Bang Hyunjin , Kim Youngmee , Kim Seri , Kim Sung‐Jin
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Characterization of Elpasolite‐Type Ammonium Alkali Metal Hexafluorometallates(III).
Authors: Mi Jin‐Xiao , Luo Shu‐Ming , Sun Hua‐Yu , Liu Xiao‐Xuan , Wei Zan‐bin
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Allylation of Aldehydes Using β‐Amido Functionalized Allylstannanes with Chiral In(OTf)3/i‐Pr‐Pybox Complexes.
Authors: Suzuki Takamasa , Sengoku Tetsuya , Takahashi Masaki , Yoda Hidemi
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Effect of the Fluorine Atom on the Optimal Ligand‐to‐Palladium Ratio in the Enantioselective Pd‐Catalyzed Allylation Reaction of Fluorinated Enol Carbonates.
Authors: Belanger Etienne , Houze Clement , Guimond Nicolas , Cantin Katy , Paquin Jean‐Francois
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Addition of Organoboronic Acids to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Shintani Ryo , Hayashi Tamio
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Substituted Carbohydrazides with Electron‐Poor Olefins.
Authors: Hassan Alaa A. , Ibrahim Yusria R. , Shawky Ahmed M.
Published: October 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.