bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals as Sources of POPs
Authors:   Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, 29208, University of South Carolina, Columbia, U.S., Vejerano Eric P. , Ahn Jeonghyeon ,   Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, 29208, University of South Carolina, Columbia, U.S., Latif Junaid ,   College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling, China, amun Mustafa M ,   Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, 29208, University of South Carolina, Columbia, U.S.
Published: May 2021

Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are a new class organic pollutant sharing some of the attributes of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This opinion/short review aims to describe the properties of EPFRs that merit their recognition as an additional and potentially significant source of POPs. EPFRs are ubiquitous in diverse environments because of multiple factors: (1) organic precursors from anthropogenic, biogenic, and other natural emission sources are abundant; multiple mechanisms in PM and soils form (2) EPFRs; and (3) EPFRs are stable and persist for a long time, thereby, accumulate in the environment and potentially transported long range. The hazards of EPFRs arise from their ability to induce oxidative stress and the formation of hazardous byproducts. EPFRs are ultimately deactivated by reactive processes, yielding molecular recombination byproducts that are structurally similar to those classified as POPs. It is plausible that EPFRs may form POPs in vivo in organisms; therefore, they are potential additional sources of exogenous POPs. Understanding the formation of EPFRs and extensive investigation of the pollutants generated from their recombination will add to the growing body of knowledge on their environmental and health hazards.
Imagining Life with a Genetic Disorder: The Challenge of Evaluating Health States that Exist from Birth
Authors:   University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA, Paul Diane B. ,   Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
Published: May 2021

This article explores difficulties encountered by those with no personal experience of a chronic disease or disability in accurately evaluating the quality of life with a condition present from birth. In most countries, cost-effectiveness analysis relies on ratings of health states by members of the general population, who must try to imagine what life for those affected is like based on (usually brief) descriptions of the conditions. That task is challenging for reasons that have been well-discussed in the literature. This article employs a detailed case-study of dietary treatment for the genetic disease phenylketonuria to identify additional, unrecognized challenges that arise in the case of conditions experienced from birth (or early childhood) and considers some implications of these difficulties for practices in health-state valuation.
The Efficacy of eHealth Interventions for the Treatment of Adults Diagnosed With Full or Subthreshold Binge Eating Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Moghimi Elnaz , Davis Caroline , Rotondi Michael
Published: May 2021

Background

There has been a recent rise in the use of eHealth treatments for a variety of psychological disorders, including eating disorders.

Objective

This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials is the first to evaluate the efficacy of eHealth interventions specifically for the treatment of binge eating disorder (characterized by compulsive overconsumption of food, in a relatively short period, and without compensatory behaviors such as purging or fasting).

Methods

A search on the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, MEDLINE, and CINAHL was conducted for randomized controlled trials that compared the efficacy of eHealth treatment interventions with waitlist controls.

Results

From the databases searched, 3 studies (298 participants in total) met the inclusion criteria. All interventions were forms of internet-based guided cognitive behavioral therapy. The results of the analysis demonstrated that when compared with waitlist controls, individuals enrolled in eHealth interventions experienced a reduction in objective binge episodes (standardized mean difference [SMD] −0.77, 95% CI −1.38 to −0.16) and eating disorder psychopathology (SMD −0.71, 95% CI −1.20 to −0.22), which included shape (SMD −0.61, 95% CI −1.01 to −0.22) and weight concerns (SMD −0.91, 95% CI −1.33 to −0.48). There was no significant difference in BMI between the eHealth interventions and controls (SMD −0.01, 95% CI −0.40 to 0.39).

Conclusions

These findings provide promising results for the use of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for binge eating disorder treatment and support the need for future research to explore the efficacy of these eHealth interventions.
Using Text Mining Techniques to Identify Health Care Providers With Patient Safety Problems: Exploratory Study
Authors: Hendrickx Iris , Voets Tim , van Dyk Pieter , Kool Rudolf B
Published: May 2021

Background

Regulatory bodies such as health care inspectorates can identify potential patient safety problems in health care providers by analyzing patient complaints. However, it is challenging to analyze the large number of complaints. Text mining techniques may help identify signals of problems with patient safety at health care providers.

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore whether employing text mining techniques on patient complaint databases can help identify potential problems with patient safety at health care providers and automatically predict the severity of patient complaints.

Methods

We performed an exploratory study on the complaints database of the Dutch Health and Youth Care Inspectorate with more than 22,000 written complaints. Severe complaints are defined as those cases where the inspectorate contact point experts deemed it worthy of a triage by the inspectorate, or complaints that led to direct action by the inspectorate. We investigated a range of supervised machine learning techniques to assign a severity label to complaints that can be used to prioritize which incoming complaints need the most attention. We studied several features based on the complaints’ written content, including sentiment analysis, to decide which were helpful for severity prediction. Finally, we showcased how we could combine these severity predictions and automatic keyword analysis on the complaints database and listed health care providers and their organization-specific complaints to determine the average severity of complaints per organization.

Results

A straightforward text classification approach using a bag-of-words feature representation worked best for the severity prediction of complaints. We obtained an accuracy of 87%-93% (2658-2990 of 3319 complaints) on the held-out test set and an F1 score of 45%-51% on the severe complaints. The skewed class distribution led to only reasonable recall (47%-54%) and precision (44%-49%) scores. The use of sentiment analysis for severity prediction was not helpful. By combining the predicted severity outcomes with an automatic keyword analysis, we identified several health care providers that could have patient safety problems.

Conclusions

Text mining techniques for analyzing complaints by civilians can support inspectorates. They can automatically predict the severity of the complaints, or they can be used for keyword analysis. This can help the inspectorate detect potential patient safety problems, or support prioritizing follow-up supervision activities by sorting complaints based on the severity per organization or per sector.
Use of Ecological Momentary Assessment Through a Passive Smartphone-Based App (eB2) by Patients With Schizophrenia: Acceptability Study
Authors: Lopez-Morinigo Javier-David , Barrigón María Luisa , Porras-Segovia Alejandro , Ruiz-Ruano Verónica González , Escribano Martínez Adela Sánchez , Escobedo-Aedo Paula Jhoana , Sánchez Alonso Sergio , Mata Iturralde Laura , Muñoz Lorenzo Laura , Artés-Rodríguez Antonio , David Anthony S , Baca-García Enrique
Published: May 2021

Background

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) tools appear to be useful interventions for collecting real-time data on patients’ behavior and functioning. However, concerns have been voiced regarding the acceptability of EMA among patients with schizophrenia and the factors influencing EMA acceptability.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the acceptability of a passive smartphone-based EMA app, evidence-based behavior (eB2), among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and the putative variables underlying their acceptance.

Methods

The participants in this study were from an ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT) of metacognitive training, consisting of outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (F20-29 of 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems), aged 18-64 years, none of whom received any financial compensation. Those who consented to installation of the eB2 app (users) were compared with those who did not (nonusers) in sociodemographic, clinical, premorbid adjustment, neurocognitive, psychopathological, insight, and metacognitive variables. A multivariable binary logistic regression tested the influence of the above (independent) variables on “being user versus nonuser” (acceptability), which was the main outcome measure.

Results

Out of the 77 RCT participants, 24 (31%) consented to installing eB2, which remained installed till the end of the study (median follow-up 14.50 weeks) in 14 participants (70%). Users were younger and had a higher education level, better premorbid adjustment, better executive function (according to the Trail Making Test), and higher cognitive insight levels (measured with the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale) than nonusers (univariate analyses) although only age (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.86-0.99; P=.048) and early adolescence premorbid adjustment (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.61-0.93; P=.01) survived the multivariable regression model, thus predicting eB2 acceptability.

Conclusions

Acceptability of a passive smartphone-based EMA app among participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in this RCT where no participant received financial compensation was, as expected, relatively low, and linked with being young and good premorbid adjustment. Further research should examine how to increase EMA acceptability in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, in particular, older participants and those with poor premorbid adjustment.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04104347; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04104347
Older Patients’ Competence, Preferences, and Attitudes Toward Digital Technology Use: Explorative Study
Authors: Terp Rikke , Kayser Lars , Lindhardt Tove
Published: May 2021

Background

Malnutrition is prevalent in older patients, which is associated with severe consequences such as a decline in functional status, increased risk of readmission, and increased mortality. A tablet-based eHealth solution (Food‘n’Go) was recently developed and introduced at our clinic to support older patients’ involvement in nutritional interventions during their hospitalization, thereby enhancing their awareness and motivation for choosing the right food to obtain sufficient calorie and protein intake. To reap the full benefits from the eHealth solution, the technology should be introduced and accompanied by support that targets the end users’ competence level and needs.

Objective

In this study, we aimed to explore older patients’ readiness (ie, competence, preferences, and attitudes) toward the use of information and communication technology (ICT), and to identify the factors that may act as barriers or facilitators for their engagement with health technology.

Methods

A descriptive and explorative study was performed using triangulation of data derived from semistructured interviews and questionnaires (based on the Readiness and Enablement Index for Health Technology [READHY] instrument). Older hospitalized patients (age ≥65 years; N=25) were included from two hospitals in Denmark.

Results

The majority (16/25, 64%) of the older patients (median age 81 years) were users of ICT. The qualitative findings revealed that their experiences of benefits related to the use of ICT facilitated usage. Barriers for use of ICT were health-related challenges, limited digital literacy, and low self-efficacy related to ICT use due to age-related prejudices by their relatives and themselves. The qualitative findings were also reflected in the low median scores on the eHealth Literacy Questionnaire (eHLQ) READHY scales within dimensions addressing the user’s knowledge and skills (eHLQ1:1.8; eHLQ3: 2.0), and the user experience (eHLQ6: 2.0; eHLQ7: 1.5).

Conclusions

Older patients are potential users of ICT, but experience a variety of barriers for using eHealth. When introducing older patients to eHealth, it is important to emphasize the possible benefits, and to offer support targeting their knowledge, skills, and motivation.
The Exchange of Informational Support in Online Health Communities at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Content Analysis
Authors: Jong Wesley , Liang Ou Stella , Yang Christopher C
Published: May 2021

Background

Online health communities (OHCs) provide social support for ongoing health-related problems. COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has been an acute and substantial stressor worldwide. The disease and its impact, especially in the beginning phases, left many people with questions about the nature, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19. Unlike typical chronic ailments discussed on OHCs, which are more established, COVID-19, at least at the onset of the pandemic, is distinct in that it lacks a consensus of clinical diagnosis and an existing community foundation.

Objective

The study aims to investigate a newly formed OHC for COVID-19 to determine the topics and types of information exchange as well as the sources of information this community referenced during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.

Methods

A total of 357 posts from a COVID-19 OHC on the MedHelp platform were annotated according to an open-coding process. Participants’ engagement patterns, topics of posts, and sources of information were quantified.

Results

Participants who offered informational support had a significantly higher percentage of responding more than once than those seeking information (P<.001). Among the information-seeking topics, symptoms and public health practice and psychological impacts were the most frequently discussed, with 26% (17/65) and 15% (10/65) of posts, respectively. Most informational support was expressed through feedback/opinion (181/220, 82.3%). Additionally, the most frequently referenced source of information was news outlets/websites, at 55% (11/20). Governmental websites were referenced less frequently.

Conclusions

The trends of this community could be useful in prioritizing public health responses to address the most common questions asked by the public during crisis communication and in identifying which venue of communication is most effective in reaching a public audience during such times.
Use of a Virtual Reality Simulator for Tendon Repair Training: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mok Tsz-Ngai , Chen Junyuan , Pan Jinghua , Ming Wai-Kit , He Qiyu , Sin Tat-Hang , Deng Jialin , Li Jieruo , Zha Zhengang
Published: May 2021

Background

Virtual reality (VR) simulators have become widespread tools for training medical students and residents in medical schools. Students using VR simulators are provided with a 3D human model to observe the details by using multiple senses and they can participate in an environment that is similar to reality.

Objective

The aim of this study was to promote a new approach consisting of a shared and independent study platform for medical orthopedic students, to compare traditional tendon repair training with VR simulation of tendon repair, and to evaluate future applications of VR simulation in the academic medical field.

Methods

In this study, 121 participants were randomly allocated to VR or control groups. The participants in the VR group studied the tendon repair technique via the VR simulator, while the control group followed traditional tendon repair teaching methods. The final assessment for the medical students involved performing tendon repair with the “Kessler tendon repair with 2 interrupted tendon repair knots” (KS) method and the “Bunnell tendon repair with figure 8 tendon repair” (BS) method on a synthetic model. The operative performance was evaluated using the global rating scale.

Results

Of the 121 participants, 117 participants finished the assessment and 4 participants were lost to follow-up. The overall performance (a total score of 35) of the VR group using the KS method and the BS method was significantly higher (P<.001) than that of the control group. Thus, participants who received VR simulator training had a significantly higher score on the global rating scale than those who received traditional tendon repair training (P<.001).

Conclusions

Our study shows that compared with the traditional tendon repair method, the VR simulator for learning tendon suturing resulted in a significant improvement of the medical students in the time in motion, flow of operation, and knowledge of the procedure. Therefore, VR simulator development in the future would most likely be beneficial for medical education and clinical practice.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100046648; http://www.chictr.org.cn/hvshowproject.aspx?id=90180
The Adaptive GameSquad Xbox-Based Physical Activity and Health Coaching Intervention for Youth With Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Diagnoses: Pilot Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bowling April B , Slavet James , Hendrick Chelsea , Beyl Robbie , Nauta Phillip , Augustyn Marilyn , Mbamalu Mediatrix , Curtin Carol , Bandini Linda , Must Aviva , Staiano Amanda E
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses (NPDs) in youth is increasing, and unhealthy physical activity (PA), diet, screen time, and sleep habits contribute to the chronic disease disparities and behavioral challenges this population experiences.

OBJECTIVE

This pilot study aims to adapt a proven exergaming and telehealth PA coaching intervention for typically developing youth with overweight or obesity; expand it to address diet, screen, and sleep behaviors; and then test its feasibility and acceptability, including PA engagement, among youth with NPDs.

METHODS

Participants (N=23; mean age 15.1 years, SD 1.5; 17 males, 9 people of color) recruited in person from clinic and special education settings were randomized to the Adaptive GameSquad (AGS) intervention or wait-list control. The 10-week adapted intervention included 3 exergaming sessions per week and 6 real-time telehealth coaching sessions. The primary outcomes included feasibility (adherence to planned sessions), engagement (uptake and acceptability as reported on process questionnaires), and PA level (combined light, moderate, and vigorous as measured by accelerometer). Descriptive statistics summarized feasibility and engagement data, whereas paired, two-tailed t tests assessed group differences in pre-post PA.

RESULTS

Of the 6 coaching sessions, AGS participants (n=11; mean age 15.3 years, SD 1.2; 7 males, 4 people of color) completed an average of 5 (83%), averaging 81.2 minutes per week of exergaming. Of 9 participants who completed the exit questionnaire, 6 (67%) reported intention to continue, and 8 (89%) reported feeling that the coaching sessions were helpful. PA and sleep appeared to increase during the course of the intervention over baseline, video game use appeared to decrease, and pre-post intervention PA per day significantly decreased for the control (−58.8 min; P=.04) but not for the intervention group (−5.3 min; P=.77), despite potential seasonality effects. However, beta testers and some intervention participants indicated a need for reduced complexity of technology and more choice in exergames.

CONCLUSIONS

AGS shows promise in delivering a health behavior intervention remotely to youth with NPDs, but a full-scale efficacy trial with a larger sample size is needed to confirm this finding. On the basis of feedback from beta testers and intervention participants, the next steps should include reduced technology burden and increased exergame choice before efficacy testing.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03665415; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03665415.
Older Patients’ Competence, Preferences, and Attitudes Toward Digital Technology Use: Explorative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Terp Rikke , Kayser Lars , Lindhardt Tove
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Malnutrition is prevalent in older patients, which is associated with severe consequences such as a decline in functional status, increased risk of readmission, and increased mortality. A tablet-based eHealth solution (Food‘n’Go) was recently developed and introduced at our clinic to support older patients’ involvement in nutritional interventions during their hospitalization, thereby enhancing their awareness and motivation for choosing the right food to obtain sufficient calorie and protein intake. To reap the full benefits from the eHealth solution, the technology should be introduced and accompanied by support that targets the end users’ competence level and needs.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we aimed to explore older patients’ readiness (ie, competence, preferences, and attitudes) toward the use of information and communication technology (ICT), and to identify the factors that may act as barriers or facilitators for their engagement with health technology.

METHODS

A descriptive and explorative study was performed using triangulation of data derived from semistructured interviews and questionnaires (based on the Readiness and Enablement Index for Health Technology [READHY] instrument). Older hospitalized patients (age ≥65 years; N=25) were included from two hospitals in Denmark.

RESULTS

The majority (16/25, 64%) of the older patients (median age 81 years) were users of ICT. The qualitative findings revealed that their experiences of benefits related to the use of ICT facilitated usage. Barriers for use of ICT were health-related challenges, limited digital literacy, and low self-efficacy related to ICT use due to age-related prejudices by their relatives and themselves. The qualitative findings were also reflected in the low median scores on the eHealth Literacy Questionnaire (eHLQ) READHY scales within dimensions addressing the user’s knowledge and skills (eHLQ1:1.8; eHLQ3: 2.0), and the user experience (eHLQ6: 2.0; eHLQ7: 1.5).

CONCLUSIONS

Older patients are potential users of ICT, but experience a variety of barriers for using eHealth. When introducing older patients to eHealth, it is important to emphasize the possible benefits, and to offer support targeting their knowledge, skills, and motivation.
Examining TikTok’s Potential for Community-Engaged Digital Knowledge Mobilization With Equity-Seeking Groups (Preprint)
Authors: MacKinnon Kinnon Ross , Kia Hannah , Lacombe-Duncan Ashley
Published: May 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Social media is increasingly being leveraged by researchers to engage in public debates and rapidly disseminate research results to health care providers, health care users, policy makers, educators, and the general public. This paper contributes to the growing literature on the use of social media for digital knowledge mobilization, drawing particular attention to TikTok and its unique potential for collaborative knowledge mobilization with underserved communities who experience barriers to health care and health inequities (eg, equity-seeking groups). Setting the TikTok platform apart from other social media are the unique audiovisual video editing tools, together with an impactful algorithm, that make knowledge dissemination and exchange with large global audiences possible. As an example, we will discuss digital knowledge mobilization with trans and nonbinary (trans) communities, a population that experiences barriers to health care and is engaged in significant peer-to-peer health information sharing on the web. To demonstrate, analytics data from 13 selected TikTok videos on the topic of research on gender-affirming medicine (eg, hormonal therapy and surgeries) are presented to illustrate how knowledge is disseminated within the trans community via TikTok. Considerations for researchers planning to use TikTok for digital knowledge mobilization and other related community engagement with equity-seeking groups are also discussed. These include the limitations of TikTok analytics data for measuring knowledge mobilization, population-specific concerns related to community safety on social media, the spread of disinformation, barriers to internet access, and commercialization and intellectual property issues. This paper concludes that TikTok is an innovative social media platform that presents possibilities for achieving transformative, community-engaged knowledge mobilization among researchers, underserved health care users, and their health care providers, all of whom are necessary to achieve better health care and population health outcomes.
Comparative effectiveness of a serious game and usual supervised work for postpartum hemorrhage management: a crossover randomized controlled trial (Preprint)
Authors: Voillequin Sandrine , Rozenberg Patrick , Le Tutour Katell , Rousseau Anne
Published: May 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Purpose: Because serious games promote learning and cognitive skill development, they may be useful for teaching students to manage postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and its complex decision algorithm. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a serious game with usual supervised work in producing knowledge and satisfaction.

Methods: This two-center two-stage crossover randomized controlled trial included student midwives. One group underwent the serious game intervention in the first period (January 2018) and the usual supervised classroom work in the second (May 2018); the other group followed the reverse chronology. The primary outcome was knowledge of the PPH management algorithm, assessed by responses to a case vignette after each intervention session. Satisfaction was the secondary outcome.

Results: The serious game-supervised work (SG-SW) chronology was allocated to 48 students, and its inverse (SW-SG) to 47; knowledge did not differ between the two groups (respectively, 89.5% versus 83.5%, P=0.3). Satisfaction was significantly higher for the game for its overall grade (6.8 vs 6.1, P=0.009), engagingness (very good 82.1% vs 24.3%, P<.001), and ease of use (very good 77.9% vs 46.1%, P<.001)
Conclusion: The serious game did not produce more knowledge than supervised work, but is probably educationally useful because of greater student satisfaction.
Monitoring COVID-19 on Social Media: Development of an End-to-End Natural Language Processing Pipeline Using a Novel Triage and Diagnosis Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Hasan Abul , Levene Mark , Weston David , Fromson Renate , Koslover Nicolas , Levene Tamara
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a pressing need for integrating information from disparate sources in order to assist decision makers. Social media is important in this respect; however, to make sense of the textual information it provides and be able to automate the processing of large amounts of data, natural language processing methods are needed. Social media posts are often noisy, yet they may provide valuable insights regarding the severity and prevalence of the disease in the population. Here, we adopt a triage and diagnosis approach to analyzing social media posts using machine learning techniques for the purpose of disease detection and surveillance. We thus obtain useful prevalence and incidence statistics to identify disease symptoms and their severities, motivated by public health concerns.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop an end-to-end natural language processing pipeline for triage and diagnosis of COVID-19 from patient-authored social media posts in order to provide researchers and public health practitioners with additional information on the symptoms, severity, and prevalence of the disease rather than to provide an actionable decision at the individual level.

METHODS

The text processing pipeline first extracted COVID-19 symptoms and related concepts, such as severity, duration, negations, and body parts, from patients’ posts using conditional random fields. An unsupervised rule-based algorithm was then applied to establish relations between concepts in the next step of the pipeline. The extracted concepts and relations were subsequently used to construct 2 different vector representations of each post. These vectors were separately applied to build support vector machine learning models to triage patients into 3 categories and diagnose them for COVID-19.

RESULTS

We reported macro- and microaveraged F1 scores in the range of 71%-96% and 61%-87%, respectively, for the triage and diagnosis of COVID-19 when the models were trained on human-labeled data. Our experimental results indicated that similar performance can be achieved when the models are trained using predicted labels from concept extraction and rule-based classifiers, thus yielding end-to-end machine learning. In addition, we highlighted important features uncovered by our diagnostic machine learning models and compared them with the most frequent symptoms revealed in another COVID-19 data set. In particular, we found that the most important features are not always the most frequent ones.

CONCLUSIONS

Our preliminary results show that it is possible to automatically triage and diagnose patients for COVID-19 from social media natural language narratives, using a machine learning pipeline in order to provide information on the severity and prevalence of the disease for use within health surveillance systems.
Defining Digital Public Health and the Role of Digitization, Digitalization, and Digital Transformation: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Iyamu Ihoghosa , Xu Alice X T , Gómez-Ramírez Oralia , Ablona Aidan , Chang Hsiu-Ju , Mckee Geoff , Gilbert Mark
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

The recent proliferation and application of digital technologies in public health has spurred interest in digital public health. However, as yet, there appears to be a lack of conceptual clarity and consensus on its definition.

OBJECTIVE

In this scoping review, we seek to assess formal and informal definitions of digital public health in the literature and to understand how these definitions have been conceptualized in relation to digitization, digitalization, and digital transformation.

METHODS

We conducted a scoping literature search in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and 14 government and intergovernmental agency websites encompassing 6 geographic regions. Among a total of 409 full articles identified, we reviewed 11 publications that either formally defined digital public health or informally described the integration of digital technologies into public health in relation to digitization, digitalization, and digital transformation, and we conducted a thematic analysis of the identified definitions.

RESULTS

Two explicit definitions of digital public health were identified, each with divergent meanings. The first definition suggested digital public health was a reimagination of public health using new ways of working, blending established public health wisdom with new digital concepts and tools. The second definition highlighted digital public health as an asset to achieve existing public health goals. In relation to public health, digitization was used to refer to the technical process of converting analog records to digital data, digitalization referred to the integration of digital technologies into public health operations, and digital transformation was used to describe a cultural shift that pervasively integrates digital technologies and reorganizes services on the basis of the health needs of the public.

CONCLUSIONS

The definition of digital public health remains contested in the literature. Public health researchers and practitioners need to clarify these conceptual definitions to harness opportunities to integrate digital technologies into public health in a way that maximizes their potential to improve public health outcomes.

CLINICALTRIAL

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2196/preprints.27686
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Authors: Gomes de Sousa Amanda , Teixeira Carvalho Etiene Farah , Feliciano de Souza João Marcos , Barreto Mendonça Juliana Fernandes , Aparecida Moran Cristiane , Leal de Freitas Dantas Gomes Évelim
Published: May 2021

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Authors: Abaturov A.E. , Babуch V.L.
Published: May 2021

1
Імунофенотип лімфоцитів крові у хворих на цукровий діабет 2-го типу з нормальною масою тіла та ожирінням
Authors: Furmanova O.V. , Kulikovska A.V. , Popova V.V. , Zak K.P. , Tronko M.D.
Published: May 2021

Актуальність. Визначення імунофенотипу лімфоцитів крові є одним із ключових показників функції імунітету у хворої людини. Однак дослідження імунофенотипу лімфоцитів у хворих на цукровий діабет 2-го типу (ЦД2) із найчастішим ускладненням при цьому захворюванні— надмірною масою тіла/ожирінням рідкісні та неоднозначні. Мета дослідження: визначення імунофенотипу лімфоцитів (CD3+ Т-, CD4+ Т-, CD8+ Т-, CD20+- і CD56+-клітин) крові у хворих з уперше виявленим ЦД2 із різним індексом маси тіла (ІМТ). Матеріали та методи. Обстежені 78 хворих з уперше виявленим ЦД2 і 40 нормоглікемічних осіб, які залежно від ІМТ були розділені на 4 підгрупи. Визначення імунофенотипу лімфоцитів крові було виконане проточно-цитометричним методом із використанням лазерного цитофлюориметра FACStar plus і панелі моноклональних антитіл до мембранних антигенів лімфоцитів. Результати. Для всієї групи хворих на ЦД2 характерне невелике, але вірогідне (p<0,05) підвищення абсолютної кількості CD4+ Т-клітин порівняно з групою нормоглікемічних людей. При поділі обстежуваних хворих залежно від ІМТ на 4 підгрупи: 1)≤ 25,5кг/м2; 2) 25,9–29,9 кг/м2; 3) 30,0–34,9 кг/м2; 4) > 35,0 кг/м2— виявлено, що у хворих першої підгрупи абсолютна кількість CD3+ Т-, CD4+ Т-, CD8+ Т-, CD20+- і CD56+-клітин була близькою до такої в нормоглікемічних осіб. У хворих другої підгрупи відзначалося вірогідне підвищення абсолютного числа CD4+ Т-клітин на 12,5% (p<0,05). У хворих третьої підгрупи спостерігали підвищення абсолютного числа CD4+ Т-клітин на 29,2% (p<0,001). У хворих четвертої підгрупи з морбідним ожирінням, особливо в жінок, було підвищення абсолютних чисел CD3+ Т- на 12,4% (p<0,01), CD4+ Т-— на 47,7% (p<0,001) і CD8+ Т-клітин— на 26,2% (p<0,001). Подібне підвищення абсолютного числа CD4+ Т-клітин залежно від ІМТ відзначалося також і в нормоглікемічних осіб, але було менш вираженим. Висновки. Для хворих з уперше виявленим ЦД2 характерне підвищення вмісту в периферичній крові субпопуляцій Т-лімфоцитів, особливо CD3+ Т- та CD4+ Т-клітин, найбільш виражене при супутньому ожирінні.
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Authors: Mosiychuk L.M. , Shevtsova O.M. , Petishko O.P.
Published: May 2021

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Authors: Baylo A.Y. , Shipulin V.P. , Cherniavskyi V.V. , Parunyan L.M.
Published: May 2021

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Authors: Stepanov Yu.M. , Zavhorodnia N.Yu. , Zavhorodnia O.Yu.
Published: May 2021

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Authors: Nechypurenko T.B.
Published: May 2021

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Tourism Hazard Mitigation in Mount Rinjani National Park, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Mar’atusholihah Euis Rahmah , Muntasib E.K.S Harini , Rushayati Siti Badriyah
Published: May 2021

Mountaineering tourism in Mount Rinjani National Park has various potential natural hazards and requires improved mitigation to ensure tourism security and sustainability. The purpose of this research is to identify the perceptions of tourism actors on the tourism hazards, inventory the types of tourism hazards that occur and mitigate the hazards that have been carried out, and develop tourism hazard mitigation. The methods used in this research are interviews, field observations, and literature studies. Public perceptions of the mountaineering tourism hazard are included in the good category, which means people already know and understand the type and risk of hazard tourism. The types of tourism hazards that have occurred are earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity, fires, ravines, slippery ravines, cold temperatures, fog, wildlife, and plant hazard. The mitigation that has been carried out consists of mitigation before the hazard event and after the hazard event. Mitigation efforts are divided into regulations, facilities and infrastructure, education, and awareness programs. It is necessary to improve mitigation through addition and improvement of climbing procedures and hazard management procedures, improvement of hiking hazard maps, improvement quality of facilities to minimize damage, making secure infrastructure as a means of warning, security, and emergency response, and socialization/education-related hazard mitigation and how to deal with it.
MACROLIDE-LINCOSAMIDE-STREPTOGRAMIN B RESISTANCE AMONG STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN CHITWAN MEDICAL COLLEGE TEACHING HOSPITAL, NEPAL
Authors: CHAUDHARY NAVIN KUMAR , PIYA RUSAN
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is often linked with human infection. Clindamycin is one of the key substitute antimicrobial agents in the treatment of S. aureus, especially in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections. Inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (iMLS B) resistance is a crucial factor in antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The intention of the research was to identify S. aureus from distinct clinical specimens and investigate the prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance among them and also study their association with MRSA.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was accomplished in the Dept. of Microbiology CMC-TH, Nepal from January 2018 to December 2020 with 525 non-repeated S. aureus obtained from a different clinical specimen. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. MRSA was detected using cefoxitin (30 μg) and results were interpreted as stated by CLSI. “D-Test” was done by applying erythromycin (15 μg) and clindamycin (2 μg) as per CLSI guidelines. Data were analyzed using SPSS IBM version 20.

Results: Among 525 isolates, there were 315 (60.00%) MRSA. Results of D test analysis showed that 280 (53.33%) were MLSB sensitive while 245 (46.67%) were MLSB resistant; where 80 (15.24%) iMLSB with D zone, 100 (19.05%) constitutive MLSB (cMLSB) phenotype, and 65 (12.38%) MS phenotype. Of a total of 80 iMLSB, a significant proportion of 64 (80.00%) was MRSA (p<0.001). All the isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, teicoplanin, and linezolid. The prevalence of both iMLSB and cMLSB was high among MRSA.

Conclusion: In this study, cMLSB phenotype was predominant (19.05%) followed by iMLSB phenotype (15.25%) and then MS phenotype (12.38%). Inducible iMLS B phenotypes, as well as cMLSB, are higher among MRSA. It is advisable to include “D-Test” as a part of regular antibiotic susceptibility testing to detect iMLSB resistance among S. aureus.
PRESCRIPTION AUDITING BASED ON THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) PRESCRIBING INDICATORS IN OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT OF A TEACHING HOSPITAL IN KERALA
Authors: T H DHANYA , K B SANALKUMAR , M A ANDREWS
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the pattern of major drug groups prescribed, assess the Rational Prescription pattern by measuring the WHO Core Prescribing Indicators and to assess the quality of the prescriptions by assessing the legibility of prescription in the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: It was an analytical cross-sectional study done in hospital pharmacy for a period of 6 months. Approval from Institutional Research Committee and Institutional Ethics Committee was taken before starting the study. Sample size was taken as 1020.

Results: One hundred and twenty prescriptions were analyzed. About 49% prescriptions were of males and 54% of females. Mean age of the patients were 46 years. A total of 3557 medicines were prescribed in 1020 prescriptions. Due to lack of legibility, we were unable to decode 122 medicines out of 3557 medicines prescribed. The dosage forms prescribed were; oral 87.4%, injections 1.4%, inhalational agents 0.4%, and topical agents 10.8%. Average number of medicines per prescription was 3.5. Percentage of medicines prescribed by generic name was 45%. Percentage of antibiotics per prescription was 24.8%. Percentage of injections per prescription was 4.8%. Percentage of medicines prescribed as per NATIONAL essential drugs list (EDL) was 3.2% and as per the WHO EDL was 2.6%. Percentage of fixed dose combinations (FDCs) was 6.5%.

Conclusion: It was evident that polypharmacy was present as indicated by the average number of medicines prescribed. Medicines prescribed by generic name and from Essential Medicine List were less in number. Antibiotics and injections prescribed was in conformity with the WHO recommended values, which means that there was no irrational use of antibiotics and unwanted use of injectables. Percentage of FDCs was 6.5%. Most commonly prescribed drug was Ranitidine as per our study. Hence, as per this study, prescribers did not follow prescribing core indicators of the WHO closely, except for two indicators. The quality of prescriptions with respect to legibility and clarity was found to be optimal.
O processo de construção de blogs por alunos do ensino fundamental
Authors: Lima Luciana de , Loureiro Robson Carlos , Rabelo Hiago Bruno da Silva
Published: May 2021

Resumo 

A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar de que forma os alunos de 7º ano de instituição de ensino particular utilizam as mídias digitais para a construção de Blog. Pesquisas revelam que os alunos dessa faixa etária apresentam dificuldades no desenvolvimento de Blogs por falta de letramento digital que os permita manipular informações e mídias utilizando esse tipo de recurso.  Classificada como pesquisa exploratória qualitativa, utilizou como unidade de análise 23 alunos, subdivididos em 7 grupos no momento do desenvolvimento dos Blogs. Subdividiu-se em três etapas: planejamento, coleta e análise de dados. Na primeira, foram elaborados os instrumentos e preparados os equipamentos para as etapas subsequentes. Na segunda, a coleta foi realizada considerando-se a captação dos conhecimentos prévios dos alunos por meio da aplicação de um questionário de sondagem e os relatórios de observação construídos a partir da produção dos Blogs pelos alunos. Na terceira, a análise de dados ocorreu de forma interpretativa utilizando-se os procedimentos propostos pela Análise Textual Discursiva em cinco fases: unitarização, categorização, descrição, interpretação e argumentação. Identificou-se que os alunos utilizaram o conceito de redes sociais como base para a construção dos Blogs. Apresentaram dificuldades em operar sua interface e compreender sua dinâmica, além de compreender metáforas como o conceito de endereço digital. Pretende-se continuar a investigação ampliando o escopo de alunos dessa faixa etária em contextos de criação e desenvolvimento de Blogs.

 

Palavras-chave: Tecnologia educacional. Tecnologia e didática. Ensino por computador. Aprendizagem. Ensino fundamental.
Mídias sociais no contexto de escolas de tempo integral
Authors: Rocha Rozane Zaion
Published: May 2021

RESUMO Esse estudo objetivou analisar como as escolas de tempo integral da rede pública municipal de Curitiba estão valendo-se das mídias sociais como ferramentas de auxílio no processo que envolve a aprendizagem-ensino-aprendizagem.  O método misto com delineamento sequencial exploratório foi utilizado nesse estudo. A coleta dos dados se deu através das postagens realizadas nas mídias sociais de 37 escolas de tempo integral do município.  Pelas análises das mídias sociais das escolas, se percebeu que tais mídias ainda são pouco exploradas pelas instituições de ensino e, quando o fazem, valem-se de material com baixa qualidade visual, sem descrições, minimizando, muitas vezes, a comunicação dos envolvidos. Também foi possível analisar que as escolas pesquisadas não oportunizam o protagonismo estudantil nas mídias sociais, Facebook.   Palavras Chaves: Educação em tempo integral. Mídias sociais. Protagonismo.   ABSTRACT The objective of the following paper is to analyze how the city of Curitiba public full-time schools have been using social media as learning-teaching-learning aid tools. The study was performed through an exploratory sequential mixed method. Data were collected through the social media posts of 37 full-time city schools. Through the analysis of schools social medias, it is noticed that such media are still little explored by the educational institutions and, when they do, they use low visual quality material, no descriptions, often minimizing the communication of those involved. In addition, it was possible to analyze that the schools do not offer the student a leading role in social media, Facebook. Keywords: Full-time education. Social media. Leading Role.   RESUMEN Este estudio objetivó analizar cómo las escuelas de tiempo completo de la red pública municipal de Curitiba se están valorando de los medios sociales como herramientas de ayuda en el proceso que involucra el aprendizaje-enseñanza-aprendizaje. El método mixto con delineamiento secuencial exploratorio fue utilizado en ese estudio. La recolección de los datos se dio a través de las posturas realizadas en los medios sociales de 37 escuelas de tiempo completo del municipio. Por los análisis de los medios sociales de las escuelas, se percibió que tales medios todavía son poco explorados por las instituciones de enseñanza y, cuando lo hacen, se valen de material con baja calidad visual, sin descripciones, minimizando a menudo la comunicación de los involucrados. También fue posible analizar que las escuelas investigadas no oportunizan el protagonismo estudiantil en los medios sociales, Facebook. Palabras Claves: Educación a tiempo complete. Redes sociales. Papel.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22169/revint.v14i31.1573
Mindfulness-Based Strengths Practice (MBSP) Group Intervention: A Systematic Review
Authors: Prasath Priscilla , Morris Crystal
Published: May 2021

A systematic review was conducted to examine the evidence base for Mindfulness-Based Strengths Practice (MBSP) as a group intervention. Four studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. Results indicate MBSP is an effective group intervention yielding significant positive outcomes. Recommendations for researchers and group practitioners are provided.
Coming Alongside Supervisees: Introducing the Skillset of Companioning to Counselor Supervision
Authors: McKinney Rob , Britton Paula
Published: May 2021

Robert Wolfelt (2005) introduced the idea of companioning into the field of grief counseling. Companioning could also be utilized as a skillet within counseling supervision. As supervision is an essential element of counseling, integrating this skillset would be beneficial to the counseling profession. The topic of companioning and its 11 tenets are first explored and then placed within the context of counseling supervision as a useful and valuable skillset for working with supervisees. The skillset is then explored through various existing models of supervision and illustrated through a case study. Finally, implications for supervisors and educators, as well as future research within the counseling profession, are included.
Clinical Supervision of Group Work: A Conceptual Review
Authors: Tessmer Staci , Storlie Cassandra
Published: May 2021

Despite the vast amount of group work that is conducted in clinical mental health agencies across the nation, scholarship on the supervision of group work is limited. This article will review the literature pertinent to the supervision of group work and highlight salient research of the supervision of group work with special populations. Recommendations for clinical supervisors and supervisees engaged in group work are provided.