bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal expectancy induced by the mere possession of a placebo analgesic affects placebo analgesia: preliminary findings from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yeung Victoria Wai-lan
Published: January 2022

Research on placebo analgesia usually shows that people experienced a reduction in pain after using a placebo analgesic. An emerging line of research argues that, under some circumstances, merely possessing (but not using) a placebo analgesic could induce placebo analgesia. The current study investigates how temporary expectation of pain reduction associated with different forms of possessing a placebo analgesic affects pain outcomes. Healthy participants (n = 90) were presented with a vial of olive oil (placebo), described as a blended essential oil that blocks pain sensations upon nasal inhalation, and were asked to anticipate the benefits of such analgesic oil to the self (such as anticipating the analgesic oil to reduce their pain). Participants were randomized into one of three different possession conditions: physical-possession condition (participants possessed a tangible placebo analgesic oil, inducing an expectation to acquire analgesic benefit early upon the experience of pain), psychological-possession condition (participants possessed a coupon, which can be redeemed for a placebo analgesic oil, inducing an expectation to acquire analgesic benefit later upon the experience of pain), or no-possession condition. Participants did a cold pressor test (CPT) to experience experimentally-induced pain on their non-dominant hand. Their objective physical pain responses (pain-threshold and pain-tolerance), and subjective psychological pain perception (pain intensity, severity, quality, and unpleasantness) were measured. Results revealed that participants in the physical-possession condition reported greater pain-threshold, F(2, 85) = 6.65, p = 0.002, and longer pain-tolerance, F(2, 85) = 7.19, p = 0.001 than participants in the psychological-possession and no-possession conditions. No significant group difference was found in subjective pain perception. The results of this study can advance knowledge about pain mechanisms and novel pain management.
Algorithmic design of origami mechanisms and tessellations
Authors: Walker Andreas , Stankovic Tino
Published: January 2022

Origami, the ancient art of paper folding, embodies techniques for transforming a flat sheet of paper into shapes of arbitrary complexity. Although this makes origami a conceptually attractive source of inspiration when designing foldable structures and reconfigurable metamaterials for multiple functionalities, their designs are still based on a set of well-studied patterns leaving the full potential of origami inaccessible for design practitioners and researchers. Here, we present a generalized approach for the algorithmic design of rigidly-foldable origami structures exhibiting a single kinematic degree of freedom. We build on generalized conditions for rigid foldability of degree-n vertices to design origami patterns of arbitrary size and complexity. The versatility of the approach is demonstrated by its capability to not only generate, analyze and optimize regular origami patterns, but also generate and analyze kirigami, generic three-dimensional panel-hinge assemblages and their tessellations. Due to its versatility, the approach provides an inexhaustible source of foldable patterns to inspire the design of metamaterials for a wide range of applications.
Enhanced oxygen reduction activity of size-selected platinum subnanocluster catalysts: Ptn (n = 3–9)
Authors: Ohnuma Akira , Takahashi Koki , Tsunoyama Hironori , Inoue Tomoya , Zhao Pei , Velloth Archana , Ehara Masahiro , Ichikuni Nobuyuki , Tabuchi Masao , Nakajima Atsushi
Published: January 2022

Ptn subnanoclusters (n = 3–9) on a carbon substrate exhibit 1.6–2.2 times higher activity than the standard Pt/C catalysts. EXAFS experiments and DFT calculations show plausible structures and energetics for reaction intermediates in the processes.
Nitrogen-inserted nickel nanosheets with controlled orbital hybridization and strain fields for boosted hydrogen oxidation in alkaline electrolytes
Authors: Zhao Xu , Li Xiangyang , An Lulu , Iputera Kevin , Zhu Jiang , Gao Pengfei , Liu Ru-Shi , Peng Zhenmeng , Yang Jinlong , Wang Deli
Published: January 2022

Nitrogen-inserted nickel nanosheets with precisely engineered orbital hybridization and strain fields possess boosted mass activity for alkaline HOR.
l-Theanine mediates the p38MAPK signaling pathway to alleviate heat-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in mice
Authors: Liu Kehong , Liu Enshuo , Lin Ling , Hu Yuan , Yuan Yong , Xiao Wenjun
Published: January 2022

l-Theanine can regulate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses under heat stress by activating the HSP27, NF-κB and p38AMPK signaling pathways.
Ferritin nanocomposites for the selective delivery of photosensitizing ruthenium-polypyridyl compounds to cancer cells
Authors: Conti Luca , Ciambellotti Silvia , Giacomazzo Gina Elena , Ghini Veronica , Cosottini Lucrezia , Puliti Elisa , Severi Mirko , Fratini Emiliano , Cencetti Francesca , Bruni Paola , Valtancoli Barbara , Giorgi Claudia , Turano Paola
Published: January 2022

Human ferritin platforms containing Ru(ii)-polypyridyl-based photosensitizers effectively target cancer cells and provide cytotoxic effects upon light-activation.
Tunable giant magnetoresistance ratio in bilayer CuPc molecular devices
Authors: Liu Jianhua , Luo Kun , Chang Hudong , Sun Bing , Zhang Shengli , Wu Zhenhua
Published: January 2022

With specific distances between the two CuPc molecular layers, pure spin Seebeck coefficients and pure charge Seebeck coefficients are found at the certain temperatures, i.e., pure spin current and pure charge current can be produced in bilayer CuPc molecular devices.
Effects of potassium additives on the combustion behavior of chrysanthemum biochar blended with graphite carbon as a heating source for heat-not-burn tobacco
Authors: Luo Chenghao , Huang Long , Chen Yikun , Wang Zean , Ren Hao , Liu Hao , Liu Zhaohui
Published: January 2022

The minimum ignition temperature of the carbon mixture is decreased by only 2–17 °C and the burnout temperature can be reduced by 30–60 °C with 1.00 wt% of K2CO3.
Tannic acid induces dentin biomineralization by crosslinking and surface modification
Authors: Kong Weijing , Du Qiaolin , Qu Yinan , Shao Changyu , Chen Chaoqun , Sun Jian , Mao Caiyun , Tang Ruikang , Gu Xinhua
Published: January 2022

Tannic acid acts as a cross-linker to promote the biomineralization of dentin and adjusts the mineralization interface through the wetting effect.
Sensitive determination of vincristine in plasma of children with leukaemia using vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Golpayegani Mohammad Reza , Akramipour Reza , Gheini Simin , Amini Mazyar Vakili , Fattahi Farshad , Mohebbi Ali , Fattahi Nazir
Published: January 2022

Vincristine has a wide spectrum of clinical activity and is currently used in the treatment of leukemia.
Insights into the gelatinization of potato starch by in situ1H NMR
Authors: Wang Yue , Ma Yunxiang , Gao Xudong , Wang Zhipeng , Zhang Shenggui
Published: January 2022

The gelatinization of potato starch and the effect of NaCl on starch gelatinization were monitored successfully in situ by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Estimations of Fe0/−1–N2interaction energies of iron(0)-dicarbene and its reduced analogue by EDA-NOCV analyses: crucial steps in dinitrogen activation under mild conditions
Authors: Gorantla Sai Manoj N. V. T. , Chandra Mondal Kartik
Published: January 2022

The stable Fe–N2bond of stable complex should have a sufficiently high interaction energy.
Application of polypyrrole-based adsorbents in the removal of fluoride: a review
Authors: Wang Ting , Yan Lvji , He Yingjie , Alhassan Sikpaam Issaka , Gang Haiyin , Wu Bichao , Jin Linfeng , Wang Haiying
Published: January 2022

When fluoride levels in water exceed permitted limits (>1.5 mg L−1), water pollution becomes a major concern to humans.
Molecular evidence for sulfurization of molybdenum dithiocarbamates (MoDTC) by zinc dithiophosphates: a key process in their synergetic interactions and the enhanced preservation of MoDTC in formulated lubricants?
Authors: Kiw Yu Min , Adam Pierre , Schaeffer Philippe , Thiébaut Benoît , Boyer Chantal
Published: January 2022

Sulfurization of MoDTC by ZnDTP: a key process in their synergetic interactions in engine lubricants?
Brookite, a sometimes under evaluated TiO2 polymorph
Authors: Manzoli Maela , Freyria Francesca S. , Blangetti Nicola , Bonelli Barbara
Published: January 2022

Brookite positively affects solar photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and electrochemical applications by stabilizing photogenerated e−/h+ pairs. Brookite-related heterojunctions, cus Ti atoms, surface acidity and redox behaviour are crucial aspects.
Correction: CO2 conversion in a dielectric barrier discharge plasma: N2 in the mix as a helping hand or problematic impurity?
Authors: Snoeckx R. , Heijkers S. , Van Wesenbeeck K. , Lenaerts S. , Bogaerts A.
Published: January 2022

Correction for ‘CO2 conversion in a dielectric barrier discharge plasma: N2 in the mix as a helping hand or problematic impurity?’ by R. Snoeckx et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2016, 9, 999–1011, DOI: 10.1039/C5EE03304G.
Correction: The novel anti-inflammatory activity of mcIRBP from Momordica charantia is associated with the improvement of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Liao Pei-Yung , Lo Hsin-Yi , Liu I-Chen , Lo Lun-Chien , Hsiang Chien-Yun , Ho Tin-Yun
Published: January 2022

Correction for ‘The novel anti-inflammatory activity of mcIRBP from Momordica charantia is associated with the improvement of diabetic nephropathy’ by Pei-Yung Liao et al., Food Funct., 2022, DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03620c.
Correction: A biocompatible two-photon absorbing fluorescent mitochondrial probe for deep in vivo bioimaging
Authors: Lin Lingmin , He Zewei , Zhang Tianfang , Zuo Yanming , Chen Xiangfeng , Abdelrahman Zeinab , Chen Feihong , Wei Zhongcao , Si Ke , Gong Wei , Wang Xuhua , He Sailing , Chen Zuobing
Published: January 2022

Correction for ‘A biocompatible two-photon absorbing fluorescent mitochondrial probe for deep in vivo bioimaging’ by Lingmin Lin et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2022, DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02040d.
Ethics and Diversity: Doing the Right Thing?
Authors: Riquelme Luis F.
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

This tutorial reviews the complexity of issues and definitions around topics of diversity. The impact of diversity and cultural responsiveness are presented in the context of ethics in the practice of speech-language pathology, audiology, and speech-language-hearing-swallowing sciences.

Method:

Concepts discussed include culture, cultural sensitivity and responsiveness, and perceptions of the terms minority and majority, among others. Available resources on ethics, changing paradigms, and clinical practice are shared. Guiding professional documents are also cited and practical examples included.

Conclusions:

The road to cultural responsiveness or sensitivity is one of engaging in active learning and exploring. This tutorial provides some thoughts and tools for connecting ethical practices with the provision of culturally sensitive/responsive services, be they clinical, academic, or research oriented. It us up to the professional, or the reader, to initiate an exchange or practice that is devoid of cultural bias or stereotyping. Awareness of the many factors that impact the connection between the professional and the patient/client/student is of great relevance when striving to provide culturally sensitive services. The reader will gain an expanded notion of culture and diversity in the personal and professional contexts.
Velocity structure of the 50 pc long NGC 6334 filamentary cloud
Authors: Arzoumanian Doris , Russeil Delphine , Zavagno Annie , Chun-Yuan Chen Michael , André Philippe , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro , Misugi Yoshiaki , Sánchez-Monge Álvaro , Schilke Peter , Men’shchikov Alexander , Kohno Mikito
Published: January 2022

Context. The interstellar medium is observed to be organized in filamentary structures, and in neutral (H I) and ionized (H II) bubbles. The expanding nature of these bubbles shapes the surrounding medium and possibly plays a role in the formation and evolution of the interstellar filaments. The impact of the expansion of these bubbles on the interstellar medium is not well understood.

Aims. Our aim is to describe the kinematics of a filamentary molecular cloud forming high-mass stars and hosting multiple H II regions in order to study the possible environmental impact on the properties of molecular filaments.

Methods. We present APEX 13CO and C18O(2–1) mapping observations of the 10 × 50 pc NGC 6334 molecular cloud complex. We investigated the gas velocity structure along and across the 50 pc long cloud and toward velocity-coherent filaments (VCFs).

Results. The NGC 6334 complex is observed to have a coherent velocity structure smoothly varying by ~5 km s−1 over its 50 pc elongation parallel to the Galactic plane. We identify a sample of 75 VCFs in the C18O(2–1) position-position-velocity cube and present the properties of 47 VCFs with a length ≳1 pc (five beams). We measure a large number of velocity gradients along the VCFs. The amplitudes of these velocity gradients and the velocity dispersion measured along the crests increase with the column density of the VCFs. We derive the column density and velocity power spectra of the VCFs. These power spectra are well represented with power laws showing similar slopes for the two quantities (with a mean of about −2), although some differ by up to a factor of 2. The position velocity diagrams perpendicular to three VCFs (selected from different physical environments) show the V-shaped velocity pattern corresponding to a bent structure in velocity space with the filament at the tip of the V surrounded by an extended structure connected to it with a velocity gradient. This velocity structure is qualitatively similar to that resulting from numerical simulations of filament formation from large-scale compression from propagating shock fronts. In addition, the radial profiles perpendicular to these VCFs hint to small-scale internal impacts from neighboring H II bubbles on two of them, while the third is mostly unaffected.

Conclusions. The observed opposite curvature in velocity space (V- and A-shaped) toward the VCFs points to various origins of large-scale external compressions from propagating H I bubbles. This suggests the plausible importance of multiple H I compressions, separated in space and time, in the formation and evolution of molecular clouds and their star formation history. These atomic compressions due to past and distant star formation events are complemented by the impact of H II bubbles from present time and local star formation activity.
Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung als Outcome zur Wirksamkeitsmessung in
der Familienintervention „Babylotse ambulant“ in
Frauenarztpraxen
Authors: Pawils Silke , Kolodziej Désirée , Siefert Sönke , Metzner-Guczka Franka
Published: January 2022

Hintergrund Psychosoziale Belastungen können gravierende Folgen
für die mütterliche Gesundheit und die Entwicklung des Kindes
haben. Das Ziel der Familienintervention „Babylotse ambulant“ in
gynäkologischen Praxen besteht im systematischen und
frühzeitigen Identifizieren, Beraten und Weiterleiten psychosozial
belasteter Familien an das regionale Gesundheits- und soziale
Sicherungssystem.

Ziele der Arbeit Die Wirksamkeit der Familienintervention wurde in sechs
Hamburger Frauenarztpraxen anhand des Outcomes Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung (SWE)
im Prä-Post- und Gruppenvergleich geprüft. Angenommen wurde,
dass die Teilnahme an der Familienintervention mit einer Steigerung der
mütterlichen SWE als Maß für das Vertrauen in die eigene
Fähigkeit, Probleme bewältigen zu können,
einhergeht.

Material und Methoden Mit der Skala der Allgemeinen
Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung wurde die SWE von n=202 als psychosozial
belastetet und n=262 als psychosozial unbelastet eingeschätzten
Frauen, die als Patientinnen gynäkologischer Praxen am
Belastungsscreening teilnahmen, im zweiten Trimester der Schwangerschaft (T0)
und ein Jahr nach der Geburt ihres Kindes (T1) erhoben.

Ergebnisse Die psychosozial belasteten Patientinnen, die alle die
Unterstützung von sozialpädagogischen Babylots:innen in Anspruch
genommen hatten, zeigten zu T1 eine signifikant höhere SWE als zu T0.
Nach der Teilnahme an der Intervention zeigten sich keine signifikanten
Unterschiede mehr zwischen den belasteten Patientinnen und den als unbelastet
eingeschätzten Patientinnen ohne Intervention.

Diskussion Die Steigerung der SWE belasteter Frauen nach der
Inanspruchnahme der Familienintervention „Babylotse ambulant“
weist auf die positiven Effekte von bereits in der Schwangerschaft beginnender,
lotsenbasierter Unterstützung im ambulanten Setting von Frauenarztpraxen
hin.

Schlussfolgerung Die Berücksichtigung von psychosozialen
Belastungen und die Stärkung der SWE ist bei klinischen Interventionen
relevant. Lotsenbasierte Interventionen wie „Babylotse ambulant“
können als Schnittstellenmanagement Entlastung in der Versorgung
belasteter Patientinnen im Zeitraum von Geburt und Schwangerschaft schaffen.
Hilfsbedarf und soziale Unterstützung bei psychisch erkrankten Elternteilen mit minderjährigen Kindern
Authors: Höller Inken , Forkmann Thomas , Hündlings Andrea , Specka Michael , Scherbaum Norbert
Published: January 2022

Studien konnten bereits zeigen, dass psychisch erkrankte Elternteile einen hohen Bedarf an sozialer Unterstützung aufweisen, Hilfsangebote jedoch nur wenig genutzt werden. Ziel der Studie war es daher, den Hilfsbedarf sowie das Ausmaß sozialer Unterstützung von Elternteilen mit psychischer Erkrankung zu erfassen. Von N = 100 stationären psychiatrischen Patient*innen (49 % weiblich) mit minderjährigen Kindern wurde der Hilfsbedarf, in Anspruch genommene Hilfe sowie das Ausmaß sozialer Unterstützung erfasst. Es zeigte sich, dass 99 % der Patient*innen bereits Hilfe in Anspruch genommen hatten, 53 % gaben an weiteren Bedarf zu haben. 36 % der Patient*innen berichteten über ein unterdurchschnittliches Ausmaß an sozialer Unterstützung. Zudem zeigten sich soziodemografische Unterschiede. Der Bedarf an sozialer Unterstützung psychisch erkrankter Eltern ist hoch und psychisch erkrankte Elternteile erfahren nicht die soziale Unterstützung, die sie benötigen würden. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Wichtigkeit, psychisch erkrankten Elternteilen soziale Unterstützung zukommen zu lassen.
Psychosoziale Komplexbetreuung bei schwerer psychischer Erkrankung: Implementierung und Begleitevaluation eines sektorübergreifenden Versorgungsmodells an einem psychiatrischen Fachkrankenhaus
Authors: Reinhardt Isabelle , Heinz Josephine , Zielasek Jürgen , Engemann Sandra , Gouzoulis-Mayfrank Euphrosyne
Published: January 2022

Studienziel Implementierung und Evaluation eines sektorübergreifenden Komplexmodells für Menschen mit schwerer psychischer Erkrankung („severe mental illness“, SMI).

Methodik Das Versorgungsmodell wurde an einer psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischen Fachklinik implementiert. Mithilfe eines intensiven Fallmanagements setzte das patientenzentrierte und bedarfsorientierte Komplexmodell für Menschen mit SMI am Übergang zwischen stationärer und ambulanter Behandlung an. Die Evaluation erfolgte mittels einer gematchten Kontrollgruppe (Interventionsgruppe: n = 46; Kontrollgruppe: n = 21).

Ergebnisse Nach klinischer Einschätzung profitierten zwei Drittel der Patient*innen vom Versorgungsmodell. Bei den Betroffenen zeigte sich im Behandlungsverlauf eine signifikante Reduktion der Inanspruchnahme stationär-psychiatrischer Versorgungsstrukturen sowie eine Verbesserung der klinischen Symptomatik.

Schlussfolgerung Für Menschen mit SMI besteht eine Versorgungslücke beim Übergang von der stationären in die ambulante Versorgung, die durch das Versorgungsmodell partiell geschlossen werden konnte.
Perkutane lokal-ablative Therapie beim kleinen Nierenzellkarzinom
Authors: Ringe Kristina Imeen
Published: January 2022

Das Nierenzellkarzinom (NCC) ist eine Tumorerkrankung v. a. älterer Menschen. Perkutane lokale Therapien kleiner NCC (< 4 cm) nehmen insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund begleitender Komorbiditäten und eingeschränkter OP-Fähigkeit der Patienten zu. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden etablierte lokale ablative Verfahren in Form der Radiofrequenz-(RFA), Mikrowellen-(MWA) und Kryoablation dargestellt, und der Stellenwert der Ablation in der Behandlung kleiner NCC basierend auf aktueller Evidenz und im Kontext von bestehenden Leitlinien erläutert.
Polymorphic transitions in highly compressed molecular nitrogen. Application of Mayer group expansion for solids
Authors: Yakub E. S. , Yakub L. N.
Published: January 2022

We applied the Mayer group expansion method for solids to predict locations of the polymorphic phase transitions lines between molecular ɛ and ζ phases, as well as between molecular ζ phase and polymeric cubic-gauche-phase in highly compressed nitrogen solid. A simple potential model is proposed and its parameters are determined using known ab initio energy calculations for the molecular α phase. The results are compared with existing experimental data and the influence of intermolecular correlations on the temperature dependence of phase transition pressures is estimated.
Quantum dot device provides single photons, a building block for future communication networks
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: January 2022

The practical and compact plug & play quantum key distribution testbed operates at O-band wavelengths, avoids the need for liquid helium
Surface NMR using quantum sensors in diamond
Authors: Liu Kristina S. , Henning Alex , Heindl Markus W. , Allert Robin D. , Bartl Johannes D. , Sharp Ian D. , Rizzato Roberto , Bucher Dominik B.
Published: January 2022

Significance

Many of the functions and applications of materials in catalysis, energy conversion, drug delivery, bioanalysis, and electronics are based on their interfacial properties and structures. The characterization of their molecular properties under ambient or chemically reactive conditions is a fundamental scientific challenge. Here, we develop a surface-sensitive magnetic resonance technique that combines the nanoscale-sensing capabilities of defects in diamond with a high precision and versatile protocol for diamond surface modification. We demonstrate the functionality of this method for probing the molecular properties and kinetics at surfaces and interfaces under ambient conditions.
After the storm
Authors: Doerr Nicole , Gardner Beth Gharrity
Published: January 2022

This study investigates the translational practices of far-right activists in Germany through content analysis of storytelling about the January 6 storming of the US Capitol in influential German alternative news websites. Findings reveal how far-right commentators used their intermediary position to re-narrate, translate, and convert ‘mainstream’ accounts of an exceptionally contentious event into stories supporting far-right- wing and extremist identities. Re-narrations of January 6 events characterized protesters as victim-heroes and contrasted them with the true villains responsible for the chaos and violence, which included a broad spectrum of political actors on the ideological left writ large.
Doubly-heavy tetraquark states

and

*
Authors: Chen Xiaoyun , Yang Youchang
Published: January 2022

Inspired by the recent observation of a very narrow state, called

, by the LHCb collaboration, the possible bound states and low-lying resonance states of the doubly-heavy tetraquark states

(

) and

(

) are searched in the framework of a chiral quark model with an accurate few-body method, the Gaussian expansion method. The real scaling method is also applied to identify the genuine resonance states. In the calculation, the meson–meson structure, diquark–antidiquark structure, and their coupling are all considered. The numerical results show: (i) For

and

, only

states are bound in different quark structures. The binding energy varies from a few MeV for the meson–meson structure to over 100 MeV for the diquark–antidiquark structure. For example, for

, in the meson–meson structure, there exists a weakly bound molecule

state around 3841.4 MeV, 1.8 MeV below the

, which may be a good candidate for the observed state by LHCb; however in the diquark–antidiquark structure, a deeper bound state with mass 3700.9 MeV is obtained. When considering the structure mixing, the energy of system decreases to 3660.7 MeV and the shallow bound state disappears. (ii) Besides bound states, several resonance states for

with

are proposed.
Running coupling effect in next-to-leading order Balitsky-Kovchegov evolution equations *
Authors: Xiang Wenchang , Wang Mengliang , Cai Yanbing , Zhou Daicui
Published: January 2022

Balitsky-Kovchegov equations in projectile and target rapidity representations are analytically solved for fixed and running coupling cases in the saturation domain. Interestingly, we find that the respective analytic S-matrices in the two rapidity representations have almost the same rapidity dependence in the exponent in the running coupling case, which provides a method to explain why the equally good fits to HERA data were obtained when using three different Balitsky-Kovchegov equations formulated in the two representations. To test the analytic outcomes, we solve the Balitsky-Kovchegov equations and numerically compute the ratios between these dipole amplitudes in the saturation region. The ratios are close to one, which confirms the analytic results. Moreover, the running coupling, collinearly-improved, and extended full collinearly-improved Balitsky-Kovchegov equations are used to fit the HERA data. We find that all of them provide high quality descriptions of the data, and the

obtained from the fits are similar. Both the analytic and numerical calculations imply that the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation at the running coupling level is robust and has a sufficiently strong predictive power at HERA energies; however, higher order corrections could be significant for future experiments, such as those at the EIC or LHeC.
Active control for the flow around various geometries through deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Mei Yu-Fei , Zheng Chun , Hua Yue , Zhao Qiang , Wu Peng , Wu Wei-Tao
Published: January 2022

Based on the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method, the active flow control strategy obtained from artificial neural networks (ANNs) is applied to reducing the drag force of various blunt bodies. The control strategy is realized by the agent described by ANNs model which maps appropriate environment sensing signals and control actions, and ANNs are constructed by exploring the controlled system through proximal policy optimization method. The drag reduction effect for ellipse, square, hexagon and diamond geometries under double- and triple-jets control is systematically studied, and the robustness of DRL jet control method is verified. The numerical results show that the drag reduction effect of triple-jets control is significantly better than that of double-jets control when Reynolds number is 80 and angle of attack is 0, and under the triple-jets control situation, the DRL agent can significantly reduce the drag by approximately 11.50%, 10.56%, 8.35%, and 2.78% for ellipse, square, hexagon and diamond model, respectively. In addition, based on the ellipse model, the drag reduction effect of the active control strategy under different AOA and different Reynolds numbers are further studied. When the AOA of ellipse configuration are 5°, 10°, 15° and 20° and the Reynolds number remains 80, the control strategies of DRL achieve the drag reduction of 5.44%, 0.59%, 11.67% and 0.28%, respectively. Meanwhile, when the AOA is 0, the drag reduction reaches 10.84% and 23.63% under the condition of the Reynolds number is 160 and 320, respectively. The significant control effect shows that the reinforcement learning method coupled with the ANNs shows a powerful ability to identical system when facing control problem with high-dimensional nonlinear characteristics. The ability to identify complex systems also shows that DRL methods can be further applied to active flow control under conditions of higher Reynolds number.
Probing transfer learning with a model of synthetic correlated datasets
Authors: Gerace Federica , Saglietti Luca , Sarao Mannelli Stefano , Saxe Andrew , Zdeborová Lenka
Published: January 2022

Transfer learning can significantly improve the sample efficiency of neural networks, by exploiting the relatedness between a data-scarce target task and a data-abundant source task. Despite years of successful applications, transfer learning practice often relies on ad-hoc solutions, while theoretical understanding of these procedures is still limited. In the present work, we re-think a solvable model of synthetic data as a framework for modeling correlation between data-sets. This setup allows for an analytic characterization of the generalization performance obtained when transferring the learned feature map from the source to the target task. Focusing on the problem of training two-layer networks in a binary classification setting, we show that our model can capture a range of salient features of transfer learning with real data. Moreover, by exploiting parametric control over the correlation between the two data-sets, we systematically investigate under which conditions the transfer of features is beneficial for generalization.
New families of highly neighborly centrally symmetric spheres
Authors: Novik Isabella , Zheng Hailun
Published: January 2022

Jockusch [J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 72 (1995), pp. 318–321] constructed an infinite family of centrally symmetric (cs, for short) triangulations of

3
3

-spheres that are cs-

2
2

-neighborly. Recently, Novik and Zheng [Adv. Math. 370 (2020), 16 pp.] extended Jockusch’s construction: for all

d
d

and

n
>
d

n>d

, they constructed a cs triangulation of a

d
d

-sphere with

2
n

2n

vertices,

Δ
n
d

\Delta ^d_n

, that is cs-

⌈
d

/

2
⌉

\lceil d/2\rceil

-neighborly. Here, several new cs constructions, related to

Δ
n
d

\Delta ^d_n

, are provided. It is shown that for all

k
>
2

k>2

and a sufficiently large

n
n

, there is another cs triangulation of a

(
2
k
−
1
)

(2k-1)

-sphere with

2
n

2n

vertices that is cs-

k
k

-neighborly, while for

k
=
2

k=2

there are

Ω
(

2
n

)

\Omega (2^n)

such pairwise non-isomorphic triangulations. It is also shown that for all

k
>
2

k>2

and a sufficiently large

n
n

, there are

Ω
(

2
n

)

\Omega (2^n)

pairwise non-isomorphic cs triangulations of a

(
2
k
−
1
)

(2k-1)

-sphere with

2
n

2n

vertices that are cs-

(
k
−
1
)

(k-1)

-neighborly. The constructions are based on studying facets of

Δ
n
d

\Delta ^d_n

, and, in particular, on some necessary and some sufficient conditions similar in spirit to Gale’s evenness condition. Along the way, it is proved that Jockusch’s spheres

Δ
n
3

\Delta ^3_n

are shellable and an affirmative answer to Murai–Nevo’s question about

2
2

-stacked shellable balls is given.
Periodic points of polynomials over finite fields
Authors: Garton Derek
Published: January 2022

Fix an odd prime

p
p

. If

r
r

is a positive integer and

f
f

is a polynomial with coefficients in

F

p
r

\mathbb {F}_{p^r}

, let

P

p
,
r

(
f
)

P_{p,r}(f)

be the proportion of

P

1

(

F

p
r

)

\mathbb {P}^1\left (\mathbb {F}_{p^r}\right )

that is periodic with respect to

f
f

. We show that as

r
r

increases, the expected value of

P

p
,
r

(
f
)

P_{p,r}(f)

, as

f
f

ranges over quadratic polynomials, is less than

22

/

(
log
⁡

log
⁡

p
r

)

22/\left (\log {\log {p^r}}\right )

. This result follows from a uniformity theorem on specializations of dynamical systems of rational functions over residually finite Dedekind domains. The specialization theorem generalizes previous work by Juul et al. that holds for rings of integers of number fields. Moreover, under stronger hypotheses, we effectivize this uniformity theorem by using the machinery of heights over general global fields; this version of the theorem generalizes previous work of Juul on polynomial dynamical systems over rings of integers of number fields. From these theorems we derive effective bounds on image sizes and periodic point proportions of families of rational functions over finite fields.
Ovarian carcinoma immunoreactive antigen–like protein 2 (OCIAD2) is a novel complex III–specific assembly factor in mitochondria
Authors: Chojnacka Katarzyna Justyna , Elancheliyan Praveenraj , Mussulini Ben Hur Marins , Mohanraj Karthik , Callegari Sylvie , Gosk Aleksandra , Banach Tomasz , Góral Tomasz , Szczepanowska Karolina , Rehling Peter , Serwa Remigiusz Adam , Chacinska Agnieszka
Published: January 2022

Using a combination of techniques (mass spectrometry, BN–PAGE, immunodetection, and mitochondrial in vitro import assays), it is reported that a previously poorly described protein, OCIAD2, localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and participates in the formation of electron transport chain complexes.
Sympathy for a Serial Killer: Malick’s Badlands, Visual Metaphor and Frankfurt’s Concept of a Person
Authors: Walden Scott
Published: January 2022

Many creatures exhibit desires of various strengths competing with one another for the prize of interacting with beliefs to cause behaviour. Harry Frankfurt famously analyzes persons in terms of the ability to form second-order desires; desires that intervene in this economy of first-order desires in ways that sometimes award the prize to weaker competitors. This paper augments Frankfurt’s analysis with Kendall Walton’s understanding of pretence behaviour and then interprets the central metaphors in several films by Terrence Malick in terms of this augmented analysis. The result is an understanding of those films as investigations into personhood and factors that inhibit attempts to manifest it. Along the way, the discussion touches on the relation between linguistic and visual metaphor, the potentially ethical character of art, and the question of whether a valid interpretation must be congruent with the actual communicative intentions of the artist.
Steering A Middle Course: The Domestic Sources of China’s Rare Earth Strategy
Authors: Duan Xiaolin
Published: January 2022

China’s recent use of rare earth (RE) as a tool in handling interstate crises has aroused global concern. However, popular narratives misinterpret China’s RE strategy, tending to exaggerate its assertiveness and possible ill effects on the international community. Pundits and scholarly works usually take China’s so-called weaponization of RE for granted, thus overlooking the domestic reasons for such policymaking. Using the advocacy coalition framework, this article examines the domestic sources of China’s policymaking, focusing on the academic, corporate, and policy practitioners that have frequently influenced the RE policy determination process. Three factors are highlighted, namely: (1) technical information concerning the minerals and the industry; (2) the system structure, characterized by state actors’ state-capitalist industrial integration, and certain actors’ resistance to it; and (3) the belief system implied by resource nationalism, which is also challenged. After weighing the pros and cons and examining the balance of competing domestic interests and beliefs, the analysis finds that China has been steering a middle course in its use of RE as a tool of economic statecraft. China’s RE strategy is found mostly to serve economic interests and, by extension, to help China gain the upper hand in great power high-tech competition. In foreign policy, RE provides a diplomatic signalling mechanism and a weapon of deterrence. However, Beijing is quite clear about the advantages and disadvantages of RE in the industry value chain, which, within domestic and international constraints, de facto preclude extreme trade restrictions, such as an embargo.
Left ventricular remodelling patterns in patients with moderate aortic stenosis
Authors: Stassen Jan , Ewe See Hooi , Hirasawa Kensuke , Butcher Steele C , Singh Gurpreet K , Amanullah Mohammed R , Sin Kenny Y K , Ding Zee P , Pio Stephan M , Chew Nicholas W S , Sia Ching Hui , Kong William K F , Poh Kian Keong , Cohen David J , Généreux Philippe , Leon Martin B , Marsan Nina Ajmone , Delgado Victoria , Bax Jeroen J
Published: January 2022

Aims 

Moderate aortic stenosis (AS) is associated with an increased risk of adverse events. Because outcomes in patients with AS are ultimately driven by the condition of the left ventricle (LV) and not by the valve, assessment of LV remodelling seems important for risk stratification. This study evaluated the association between different LV remodelling patterns and outcomes in patients with moderate AS.

Methods and results 

Patients with moderate AS (aortic valve area 1.0–1.5 cm2) were identified and stratified into four groups according to the LV remodelling pattern: normal geometry (NG), concentric remodelling (CR), concentric hypertrophy (CH), or eccentric hypertrophy (EH). Clinical outcomes were defined as all-cause mortality and a composite endpoint of all-cause mortality and aortic valve replacement (AVR). Of 1931 patients with moderate AS (age 73 ± 10 years, 52% men), 344 (18%) had NG, 469 (24%) CR, 698 (36%) CH, and 420 (22%) EH. Patients with CH and EH showed higher 3-year mortality rates (28% and 32%, respectively) when compared with patients with NG (19%) (P < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, CH remained independently associated with mortality (HR 1.258, 95% CI 1.016–1.558; P = 0.035), whereas both CH (HR 1.291, 95% CI 1.088–1.532; P = 0.003) and EH (HR 1.217, 95% CI 1.008–1.470; P = 0.042) were associated with the composite endpoint of death or AVR.

Conclusion 

In patients with moderate AS, those who develop CH already have an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Assessment of the LV remodelling patterns may identify patients at higher risk of adverse events, warranting closer surveillance, and possibly earlier intervention.
A dose–response relationship of renin–angiotensin system blockers and beta-blockers in patients with acute heart failure syndrome: a nationwide prospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Kyung An , Kim Eui-Soon , Youn Jong-Chan , Lee Hye Sun , Jeon Soyoung , Lee Hae-Young , Cho Hyun-Jai , Choi Jin-Oh , Jeon Eun-Seok , Lee Sang Eun , Kim Min-Seok , Kim Jae-Joong , Hwang Kyung-Kuk , Cho Myeong-Chan , Chae Shung Chull , Kang Seok-Min , Choi Dong-Ju , Yoo Byung-Su , Kim Kye Hun , Oh Byung-Hee , Baek Sang Hong
Published: January 2022

Aims

It remains unclear if patients with acute heart failure syndrome (AHFS) need to reach the maximally tolerated doses of renin–angiotensin system blockers (RASBs) or beta-blockers (BBs) to obtain a survival benefit. This study evaluated the dose–response relationship between RASBs or BBs and survival in AHFS patients.

Methods and results

In total, 5331 patients in the Korean Acute Heart Failure registry were analysed based on the doses of RASBs and BBs at discharge. In AHFS patients, RASB use at discharge was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality risk. This effect was dose-dependent for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) but did not attain statistical significance for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). BB use at discharge was associated with reduced all-cause mortality in HFrEF patients but not in HFpEF patients. In an additional analysis of 4613 patients with dosage information at the first post-discharge follow-up visit, a significantly higher mortality risk was associated with the maintenance or withdrawal of RASBs compared with up-titrating the dose in HFrEF patients.

Conclusion

Using RASBs or BBs at discharge was associated with improved survival. A dose–response relationship between RASBs and all-cause mortality was evident in AHFS patients with a reduced ejection fraction but not BBs. It is important to initiate and up-titrate RASBs to the maximally tolerated dose in AHFS patients during the transition period, especially for patients with a reduced ejection fraction.
Mental health-related risk factors and interventions in patients with heart failure: a position paper endorsed by the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC)
Authors: Ladwig Karl-Heinz , Baghai Thomas C , Doyle Frank , Hamer Mark , Herrmann-Lingen Christoph , Kunschitz Evelyn , Lemogne Cédric , Beresnevaite Margarita , Compare Angelo , von Känel Roland , Sager Hendrik B , Kop Willem Johan
Published: January 2022

The prevalence and public health burden of chronic heart failure (CHF) in Europe is steadily increasing mainly caused by the ageing population and prolonged survival of patients with CHF. Frequent hospitalizations, high morbidity and mortality rates, and enormous healthcare costs contribute to the health-related burden. However, multidisciplinary frameworks that emphasize effective long-term management and the psychological needs of the patients are sparse. The present position paper endorsed by the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) provides a comprehensive overview on the scientific evidence of psychosocial aspects of heart failure (HF). In order to synthesize newly available information and reinforce best medical practice, information was gathered via literature reviews and consultations of experts. It covers the evidence for aetiological and prospective psychosocial risk factors and major underlying psycho-biological mechanisms. The paper elucidates the need to include psychosocial aspects in self-care concepts and critically reviews the current shortcomings of psychotherapeutic and psycho-pharmacological interventions. It also highlights the need for involvement of psychological support in device therapy for patients with HF and finally calls for better palliative care in the final stage of HF progression.
Childhood Stressors, Relationship Quality, and Cognitive Health in Later Life
Authors: Thomas Patricia A , Williams-Farrelly Monica M , Sauerteig Madison R , Ferraro Kenneth F
Published: January 2022

Objectives

The rising prevalence of cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, and related disorders signals the need for a better understanding of how social factors may affect cognitive health for millions of Americans. Drawing from cumulative inequality theory, we aim to understand the implications of a stressful childhood on social relationships and cognitive health in later life.

Methods

This study utilizes longitudinal data (2006–2016) from the Health and Retirement Study to examine pathways, both direct and indirect through social relationships in adulthood, from childhood stressors to cognitive health trajectories over time.

Results

Respondents reporting a greater number of stressors in childhood had worse cognitive health over time, but those negative effects were not as steep as time progressed. Early-life stressors are also associated with less social support and more social strain in adulthood which, in turn, are associated with initial cognitive health. Finally, pathway analyses confirm that childhood stressors are indirectly associated with initial cognitive health through social strain and social support.

Discussion

Findings reveal that a stressful childhood creates chains of risks that have lifelong implications for cognitive health, both directly and indirectly by creating obstacles for developing healthy and supportive social relationships.
Verbal and Nonverbal Expressions of Persons Living With Dementia as Indicators of Person-Centered Caregiving
Authors: Staehler Maya , Benson Clark , Block Laura , Roberts Tonya , Gilmore-Bykovskyi Andrea
Published: January 2022

Background and Objectives

Improved measures capable of capturing the influence of person-centered caregiving by staff in formal care settings on people living with dementia beyond deficit-oriented outcomes such as absence or reduction of symptoms are important for measuring progress toward improvements in well-being. This exploratory ethnographic study aimed to identify verbal and nonverbal expressions evidenced by people living with dementia surrounding person-centered caregiving approaches and to consider their use in informing temporally specific observational measures.

Research Design and Methods

This study adopted a microethnographic approach through secondary analysis of 5.3 h of audiovisual observations of people living with dementia (N = 9) in nursing home settings at mealtimes. We observed expressions surrounding person-centered caregiving approaches. A systematic review of audiovisual observations generated codes (observable indicators) of expressions that were characterized at their most discrete and unambiguous level.

Results

Drawing from 82 observable verbal and nonverbal expressions by people living with dementia, 14 discrete observable indicators were identified, broadly evidencing shifts in engagement and communication. We found that people living with dementia’s expressions served both responsive and initiatory communicative purposes.

Discussion and Implications

Efforts to expand positive outcome measurement for people living with dementia should extend beyond characterizing them as passive respondents toward active participants in their lived experiences. Identified observable indicators can inform efforts to refine and validate measures of expressions among people living with dementia. Further research can extend this inquiry into different contexts and engage input from people living with dementia and caregivers.
Hope’s Relations: A Theory of the ‘Right to Hope’ in European Human Rights Law
Authors: Trotter Sarah
Published: January 2022

In recent years, the notion of a ‘right to hope’ has emerged in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. This article offers an account of how this right has been constructed and of how hope is conceptualised in European human rights law. It examines the origins of the ‘right to hope’, the meaning of hope in this context and the relationship that is depicted between hope and dignity. It argues that hope is conceived of here as relational and that one way of thinking about the right to hope in this sense is as a right to recognition. This has two dimensions: one involving the recognition of the individual by others and another involving the recognition of the individual in and through law. The latter implies a certain relationship of dependency between the individual and European human rights law, with hope itself coming to be constructed as an individual responsibility.
Assessing the Economic Impact of Lockdowns in Italy: A Computational Input–Output Approach
Authors: Reissl Severin , Caiani Alessandro , Lamperti Francesco , Guerini Mattia , Vanni Fabio , Fagiolo Giorgio , Ferraresi Tommaso , Ghezzi Leonardo , Napoletano Mauro , Roventini Andrea
Published: January 2022

We build a novel interregional computational input–output model to assess the economic impact of lockdowns in Italy. Lockdowns are modeled as shocks to labor supply, calibrated on regional and sectoral employment data coupled with the prescriptions of government decrees. When estimated on data from the first lockdown, our model closely reproduces the observed economic dynamics during spring 2020. We also show that the model delivers a good out-of-sample performance during fall and winter 2020 and demonstrate that it can be used to analyze counterfactual scenarios.