bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sudden onset headaches in paediatric emergency departments: diagnosis and management
Authors: Lenglart Léa , Monteil Cécile , Spreafico Eugenia , Moulding Thomas , Titomanlio Luigi
Published: September 2023

Headache is one of the most common pain syndromes in the paediatric population. Headaches are classified as primary (migraine, tension-type headaches, trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia and other primary headaches) or secondary (e.g. post-traumatic). Non-febrile, non-traumatic headaches represent 1% of all paediatric emergency departments (PED) visits. Many patients present with an acute, moderate to severe pain, sometimes with a sudden onset. Sudden onset headache can be the main symptom of life-threatening neurological conditions as well as a sign of primary headaches such as thunderclap or stabbing headaches. This review aims to describe the presentation of sudden primary headaches in children, in order to help the physician to provide effective management in the emergency setting.
Managing non-acute subdural hematoma using liquid materials: a Chinese randomized trial of middle meningeal artery treatment (MAGIC-MT)—protocol
Authors: Zuo Qiao , Ni Wei , Yang Pengfei , Gu Yuxiang , Yu Ying , Yang Heng , Majoie Charles B. L. M. , Goyal Mayank , Liu Jianmin , Mao Ying ,   on behalf of MAGIC-MT investigators
Published: September 2023

Background

The conventional treatments for non-acute subdural hematoma (SDH) are facing the challenge of high hematoma recurrence and progression. A novel treatment of middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization showed the potential role in decreasing the recurrence and progression rate of SDH compared to conventional treatments in multiple cohort studies. A randomized controlled trial is warranted to determine the effectiveness and safety of MMA embolization for non-acute hematoma and whether MMA embolization is superior to conventional treatments to lower the symptomatic recurrence and progression rate of non-acute SDH.

Methods

This is an investigator-initiated, multi-center, prospective, open-label parallel group trial with blinded outcome assessment (PROBE design) assessing superiority of MMA embolization compared to conventional treatments. A total of 722 patients are planned to be randomized 1:1 to receive MMA embolization (intervention) or conventional treatments (control). The primary outcome is the symptomatic SDH recurrence/progression rate within 90 ± 14 days post-randomization.

Discussion

This trial will clarify whether MMA embolization could reduce the recurrence or progression rate of symptomatic non-acute SDH compared to conventional treatment.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT04700345, Registered on 7 January 2021.
Comparative genomic analysis of Fusobacterium nucleatum reveals high intra-species diversity and cgmlst marker construction
Authors: Zhu Qianhui , Dovletgeldiyev Arslan , Shen Chen , Li Kexin , Hu Songnian , He Zilong
Published: September 2023

Background

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a one of the most important anaerobic opportunistic pathogens in the oral and intestinal tracts of human and animals. It can cause various diseases such as infections, Lemierre's syndrome, oral cancer and colorectal cancer. The comparative genomic studies on the population genome level, have not been reported.

Results

We analyzed all publicly available Fusobacterium nucleatums’ genomic data for a comparative genomic study, focusing on the pan-genomic features, virulence genes, plasmid genomes and developed cgmlst molecular markers. We found the pan-genome shows a clear open tendency and most of plasmids in Fusobacterium nucleatum are mainly transmitted intraspecifically.

Conclusions

Our comparative analysis of Fusobacterium nucleatum systematically revealed the open pan-genomic features and phylogenetic tree based on cgmlst molecular markers. What’s more, we also identified common plasmid typing among genomes. We hope that our study will provide a theoretical basis for subsequent functional studies.
Bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharides regulate gene expression in human colon cancer cells
Authors: Cao Heping
Published: September 2023

Objective

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major cell wall component of gram-negative bacteria. Colon bacteria contribute to LPS which promotes colon cancer metastasis. The objective of this study was to survey the effect of LPS on cell viability and gene expression of 55 molecular targets in human colon cancer cells.

Results

LPS did not affect the viability of COLO 225 cells under the culture conditions but affected the expression of a number of genes important in inflammatory responses and cancer development. LPS increased TTP family, GLUT family and DGAT1 mRNA levels but decreased DGAT2a and DGAT2b expression in the human colon cancer cells. LPS also increased COX2, CXCL1, ELK1, ICAM1, TNFSF10 and ZFAND5 but decreased BCL2L1, CYP19A1 and E2F1 mRNA levels in the colon cancer cells. These data suggest that LPS has profound effects on gene expression in human colon cancer cells.
MicroRNA miR-223 modulates NLRP3 and Keap1, mitigating lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in bovine mammary epithelial cells and murine mammary glands
Authors: Zhou Man , Barkema Herman W. , Gao Jian , Yang Jingyue , Wang Yue , Kastelic John P. , Khan Sohrab , Liu Gang , Han Bo
Published: September 2023

Bovine mastitis, the most prevalent and costly disease in dairy cows worldwide, decreases milk quality and quantity, and increases cow culling. However, involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in mastitis is not well characterized. The objective was to determine the role of microRNA-223 (miR-223) in regulation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and kelch like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) oxidative stress pathway in mastitis models induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) and murine mammary glands. In bMECs cultured in vitro, LPS-induced inflammation downregulated bta-miR-223; the latter interacted directly with the 3’ untranslated region (3’ UTR) of NLRP3 and Keap1. Overexpression of bta-miR-223 in bMECs decreased LPS and Adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP)-induced NLRP3 and its mediation of caspase 1 and IL-1β, and inhibited LPS-induced Keap1 and Nrf2 mediated oxidative stress, whereas inhibition of bta-miR-223 had opposite effects. In an in vivo murine model of LPS-induced mastitis, increased miR-223 mitigated pathology in the murine mammary gland, whereas decreased miR-223 increased inflammatory changes and oxidative stress. In conclusion, bta-miR-223 mitigated inflammation and oxidative injury by downregulating the NLRP3 inflammasome and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. This study implicated bta-miR-223 in regulation of inflammatory responses, with potential as a novel target for treating bovine mastitis and other diseases.
High-dimensional analysis reveals an immune atlas and novel neutrophil clusters in the lungs of model animals with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-induced pneumonia
Authors: Li Na , Zhu Junhui , Chen Peiru , Bao Chuntong , Wang Jun , Abdelaal Tamim , Chen Dexi , Zhu Sibo , Wang Wenjing , Mao Jiangnan , Scicluna Brendon P. , Koning Frits , Li Fengyang , Lei Liancheng
Published: September 2023

Due to the increase in bacterial resistance, improving the anti-infectious immunity of the host is rapidly becoming a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of bacterial pneumonia. However, the specific lung immune responses and key immune cell subsets involved in bacterial infection are obscure. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) can cause porcine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious respiratory disease that has caused severe economic losses in the swine industry. Here, using high-dimensional mass cytometry, the major immune cell repertoire in the lungs of mice with APP infection was profiled. Various phenotypically distinct neutrophil subsets and Ly-6C+ inflammatory monocytes/macrophages accumulated post-infection. Moreover, a linear differentiation trajectory from inactivated to activated to apoptotic neutrophils corresponded with the stages of uninfected, onset, and recovery of APP infection. CD14+ neutrophils, which mainly increased in number during the recovery stage of infection, were revealed to have a stronger ability to produce cytokines, especially IL-10 and IL-21, than their CD14− counterparts. Importantly, MHC-II+ neutrophils with antigen-presenting cell features were identified, and their numbers increased in the lung after APP infection. Similar results were further confirmed in the lungs of piglets infected with APP and Klebsiella pneumoniae infection by using a single-cell RNA-seq technique. Additionally, a correlation analysis between cluster composition and the infection process yielded a dynamic and temporally associated immune landscape where key immune clusters, including previously unrecognized ones, marked various stages of infection. Thus, these results reveal the characteristics of key neutrophil clusters and provide a detailed understanding of the immune response to bacterial pneumonia.
Effects of ambient air pollutants on ARDS incidence and outcome: a narrative review
Authors: Gutman Laëtitia , Pauly Vanessa , Papazian Laurent , Roch Antoine
Published: September 2023

Background

Exposure to air pollutants promotes inflammation, cancer, and mortality in chronic diseases. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common condition among intensive care unit patients and is associated with a high mortality rate. ARDS is characterized by significant lung inflammation, which can be replicated in animal models by acute exposure to high doses of various air pollutants. Recently, several clinical studies have been conducted in different countries to investigate the role of chronic or acute air pollutant exposure in enhancing both ARDS incidence and severity.

Results

Chronic exposure studies have mainly been conducted in the US and France. The results of these studies suggest that some air pollutants, notably ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter, increase susceptibility to ARDS and associated mortality. Furthermore, their impact may differ according to the cause of ARDS. A cohort study conducted in an urbanized zone in China showed that exposure to very high levels of air pollutants in the few days preceding intensive care unit admission was associated with an increased incidence of ARDS. The effects of acute exposure are more debatable regarding ARDS incidence and severity.

Conclusion

There is a likely relationship between air pollutant exposure and ARDS incidence and severity. However, further studies are required to determine which pollutants are the most involved and which patients are the most affected. Due to the prevalence of ARDS, air pollutant exposure may have a significant impact and could be a key public health issue.
T-cell lymphoma infiltrating the uterus and ovaries of a Golden Retriever: a case report
Authors: Jo Jaeyeop , Son Mingyun , Chae Yeon , Yun Taesik , Koo Yoonhoi , Lee Dohee , Kang Hyun-Gu , Kang Byeong-Teck , Yang Mhan-Pyo , Kim Hakhyun
Published: September 2023

Background

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of female genital system infiltration of T-cell lymphoma in veterinary literature.

Case presentation

A 1.5-year-old, intact female Golden Retriever was referred due to melena and hyporexia that lasted for three weeks. Fever (40.5℃), tachycardia, tachypnoea, pale mucous membranes, and purulent vaginal discharge were identified on physical examination. Blood analyses revealed leucocytosis, anaemia, hypoalbuminemia, and increased lactate and C-reactive protein levels. On abdominal radiography, the small intestine was moderately deviated because of an oval-shaped mass (13 cm × 8.7 cm) located in the mid-abdomen. An enlarged tubular-shaped structure that had the opacity of soft tissue located in dorsal to the bladder to the middle of the abdomen, and an oval-shaped mass (5.28 cm × 3.26 cm), which was suspected to be a medial iliac lymph node located at the sixth to seventh lumbar level. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed gas and fluid in the lumen of the uterine horn with a severely thickened wall, round enlarged lymph nodes around the genitourinary system, and free fluid in the abdominal cavity. Based on these results, pyometra was suspected, and an exploratory laparotomy was performed for ovariohysterectomy. The resected ovary and uterus were macroscopically hypertrophied. Histopathological examination of the ovary and uterus revealed neoplastic proliferation of large round cells with strong immunoreactivity for CD3, indicating T-cell lymphoma. Therefore, the young dog was diagnosed with genital lymphoma.

Conclusions

The present report describes T-cell lymphoma infiltrating the uterus and ovaries in a young dog, which is rarely diagnosed and could aid in the differential diagnosis of genital diseases in young dogs.
Assessment of symptoms in COMET-ICE, a phase 2/3 study of sotrovimab for early treatment of non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: Satram Sacha , Ghafoori Parima , Reyes Carolina M. , Keeley Tom J. H. , Birch Helen J. , Brintziki Dimitra , Aldinger Melissa , Alexander Elizabeth , Lopuski Amanda , Sarkis Elias H. , Gupta Anil , Shapiro Adrienne E. , Powers John H.
Published: September 2023

Background

The COMET-ICE trial demonstrated that sotrovimab clinically and statistically significantly reduces the risk of all-cause > 24-h hospitalization or death due to any cause among patients with COVID-19 at high risk of disease progression. Patient-reported outcomes are important to capture symptom burden of COVID-19 and assess treatment effectiveness. This study investigated symptoms and their impact over the acute phase of COVID-19 infection among patients on sotrovimab versus placebo.

Methods

Randomized (1:1), double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled, phase 2/3 study in 57 centers across five countries. Participants were non-hospitalized patients with symptomatic, mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and ≥ 1 baseline risk factor for disease progression (aged ≥ 55 years or ≥ 1 of the following: diabetes requiring medication, obesity, chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or moderate-to-severe asthma). An intravenous infusion of sotrovimab 500 mg or placebo was administered on Day 1. The FLU-PRO Plus questionnaire was administered once-daily with 24-h recall from Day 1–21, and at Day 29. Intensity and duration of COVID-19 symptoms were determined from area under the curve (AUC) and mean change in total and individual domain scores through Days 7, 14, and 21. Time to symptom alleviation was assessed.

Results

In total, 1057 patients were randomized to sotrovimab (n = 528) or placebo (n = 529). At Day 7, mean decrease in FLU-PRO Plus total score (measured by AUC) was statistically significantly greater for patients on sotrovimab (–3.05 [95% confidence interval (CI) –3.27 to –2.83]) than placebo (–1.98 [95% CI –2.20 to –1.76]; difference –1.07 [95% CI –1.38 to –0.76]; p < 0.001). Significant differences were also observed at Days 14 and 21. A more rapid decline in symptom severity was observed with sotrovimab versus placebo through Week 1 and the first 21 days post-treatment. By Day 21, 41% of patients on sotrovimab and 34% on placebo reported symptom resolution. In a post-hoc analysis, median time to symptom alleviation was 4 and 6 days, respectively.

Conclusions

Sotrovimab provides significant and rapid improvements in patient-reported COVID-19 symptoms, as measured by the FLU-PRO Plus. These results further show the benefits of sotrovimab in alleviating symptoms among high-risk patients with COVID-19.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.Gov: NCT04545060 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04545060). Date of registration: September 10, 2020 (retrospectively registered).
Correlation between HER2/neu protein overexpression on Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization (FISH) in breast carcinoma: Problems in developing countries
Authors: Zubaria Mukhtar  , Amina Faisal  , Mudassir Ghazala , Nadira Mamoon
Published: September 2023

Objective: To correlate the results of HER2/neu protein overexpression on immunohistochemistry (IHC) and gene amplification on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and to document the problems faced in performing FISH procedure.

Methods: This was an observational retrospective study covering five years from January 1st, 2015 - December 31st, 2019 at Histopathology Department of Shifa International Hospital (SIH), Islamabad. All cases of breast cancer that underwent florescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were retrieved. Correlation between HER2/neu overexpression on IHC and its amplification on FISH was analyzed. Problems in application of FISH were recorded.

Results: Out of 451 cases submitted for HER2/neu testing by FISH, 68 cases (15%) were rejected. Gene amplification was seen in 139 (36.29%) cases. Total cases with HER2/neu IHC score of 2+ were 330 cases and out of which gene amplification was seen in 98 cases (29.69%) whereas 93.1% (41/44) 3+ IHC cases were amplified. Poor fixation, inadequate amount of tumor with crushing artefacts and dye application to the biopsy fragments were causes of sample rejection.

Conclusions: Her2/neu amplification was seen in most Her2/neu 3+ cases and approximately one-third of Her2neu 2+ cases. Proper fixation, adequate biopsy material with standardized processing is required to yield useful results on FISH.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.6704

How to cite this: Mukhtar Z, Faisal A, Mudassir G, Mamoon N. Correlation between HER2/neu protein overexpression on Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization (FISH) in breast carcinoma: Problems in developing countries. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.6704

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Frequency of extra pulmonary complications in critically ill COVID-19 patients and their association with inflammatory markers and hypoxia: Retrospective analysis at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Hanif Sadaf , Sohaib Muhammad , Talha Syed , Rayani Asma
Published: September 2023

Background and Objective: This study aimed to determine the incidence of extra pulmonary complications among critically ill COVID-19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and association of these complications with various inflammatory markers and degree of hypoxia.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 173 adults in Karachi having COVID-19 and were admitted to ICU in a tertiary care private hospital between August 2020 to July 2021.

Results: The median age of patients included in the analysis was 61 years (IQR; 16). Acute kidney injury, septic shock, cardiac injury, and electrolytes imbalance were the most frequent extra pulmonary complications with proportion of 65.3% (n=113), 63.6% (n=110), 61.8% (n=107) and 33.5% (n=58). Statistically significant differences in the median serum levels of ferritin were observed among male versus female, critically ill covid patients with and without ICU mortality as well as patients with and without hospital mortality (p-value <0.05). Significantly higher serum levels of d-dimer were noted among patients who developed acute liver injury or NSTEMI, or had ICU stay of > 3 days or received mechanical ventilation for >2 days.

Conclusion: Acute kidney injury, septic shock, cardiac injury, and electrolytes imbalance were the most common extra pulmonary complications among mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients with ARDS. Higher serum d-dimer levels were associated with acute liver injury, NSTEMI, ICU stay longer >3 days and invasive mechanical ventilation >2 days. Higher serum ferritin levels are associated with male sex and serve as an important predictor of ICU as well as hospital mortality.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7380

How to cite this: Hanif S, Sohaib M, Talha S, Rayani A. Frequency of extra pulmonary complications in critically ill COVID-19 patients and their association with inflammatory markers and hypoxia: Retrospective analysis at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7380

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Χω/ορο-γραφώντας την Αμερική
Authors: Ραπατζίκου Τατιανή Γ. , Γεμενετζή-Μαλαθούνη Σμάτη
Published: September 2023

O συλλογικός αυτός τόμος αποτελεί μια διεπιστημονική προσέγγιση της έννοιας του χώρου και της κίνησης εντός και μέσω αυτού σε συνάρτηση με την Αμερικανική λογοτεχνία και πολιτισμό. Συγκεκριμένα τα άρθρα επιδιώκουν να φωτίσουν ενδιαφέρουσες εκφάνσεις της αμερικανικής πολιτισμικής ταυτότητας και του αμερικανικού χω/ορο-χάρτη διερευνώντας ζητήματα που άπτονται της λογοτεχνίας (έντυπης και ηλεκτρονικής), της τέχνης, του αστικού περιβάλλοντος, της φυλετικής ταυτότητας, της μουσικής, του χορού, των παραστατικών τεχνών, της ψηφιακής τεχνολογίας και της φωτογραφίας. Τα άρθρα χωρίζονται σε τρεις ενότητες όπως «Κειμενικές Γεω-γραφίες», «Χωρικές ανακατατάξεις»  και «Δια-Ατλαντικές συνομιλίες» στην προσπάθεια να παρουσιαστούν τα θέματα υπό μελέτη  από διαφορετικές οπτικές γωνίες αλλά και θεωρητικές προσεγγίσεις.

Ερευνήτριες/Ερευνητές που συμμετέχουν με άρθρα τους στον τόμο: Ευγενία (Τζένη) Αρσένη, Βασιλική Βασιλούδη, Ευθαλία-Θάλεια Γρηγοριάδου, Αικατερίνη Δεληκωνσταντινίδου, Βασίλειος N. Δεληογλάνης, Σταματίνα Δημακοπούλου, Μιχάλης Κοκκώνης, Ορέστης Κουράκης, Μαρία Χ. Σαλικοπούλου, Θεοδώρα Τσιμπούκη, Δέσποινα Ν. Φελέκη, Βασίλειος Χαρίσης.

 

This edited collection of essays provides readers with an interdisciplinary exploration of the notion of space and the kinetics in space in relation to American literature and culture. Specifically, the essays that have been contributed to the volume attempt to shed light on interesting aspects of the American cultural identity and the American spatiality through the discussion of issues relating to literature (print and electronic), art, urban environments, racial identity, music, dance, performing arts, digital technology, and photography. The articles are divided into three sections, such as "Textual Geographies," "Spatial Reconstructions" and "Trans-Atlantic Conversations" in an attempt to present the topics under consideration from different perspectives and theoretical approaches.

Volume contributors: Eugenia Arsenis, Aikaterini Delikonstantinidou, Vasileios N. Delioglanis, Stamatina Dimakopoulou, Despoina N. Feleki, Efthaleia-Thaleia Grigoriadou, Vasilis Harisis, Michalis Kokonis, Orestis Kourakis, Maria Ch. Salikopoulou, Theodora Tsimpouki, Vasiliki Vasiloudi.
In vitro assessment of bonding of the total-etch adhesive to carious dentin in molars treated with and without 38% silver diamine fluoride: a study protocol
Authors: Mahapatra Joyeeta , Nikhade Pradnya , Patel Aditya , Mehta Disha
Published: September 2023

Background: The aim will be to evaluate and compare the bonding of the total-etch adhesive to carious dentin in molars treated with and without 38% silver diamine fluoride using the universal testing machine and scanning electron microscope.

Methods: 30 extracted teeth samples will be been randomly distributed into 2 groups (n=15). The test group will receive the intervention of 38% SDF whereas the control group will not receive any such intervention. Samples in both groups will be restored with resin composite. Assessment will be done based on the primary outcome, which will be determined by microtensile bond strength whereas the secondary outcome will be determined by fracture modes, i.e., cohesive, adhesive, or mixed fracture. Descriptive statistics will be used for the results of each group. Intergroup comparison will be done on the basis of independent sample t-test to detect the mean difference between the two groups. Independent t-test will be run to analyse the type of failure. In all tests, p-values below 0.05 will be considered statistically significant.

Conclusion: The study may provide us with a new restorative technique that will not only be less invasive by preserving the remaining tooth structure but will also prevent the risk of caries progression beneath the restoration. Thus, this will contribute to the longevity of the tooth life by the maintenance of its pulpal health which will contribute to the durability and long-term successful outcome of the direct restoration procedure.
Early cancer detection in primary care in Ireland: a protocol for a research prioritisation exercise
Authors: Jacob Benjamin M. , O'Connor Laura , Clyne Barbara , Burns Heather , Alneyadi Surour ,   Primary Care PPI Group (HRB Primary Care Clinical Trials Network), Neal Richard D , Redmond Patrick
Published: September 2023

Background: Cancer is a significant cause of morbidity, mortality, and economic loss in Ireland. It is important that cancer research funding is directed in accordance with the values of a wide variety of stakeholders, so as to ultimately deliver tangible benefits to cancer patients. The aim of this study is to achieve consensus among key stakeholders (including patients, caregivers, healthcare professionals, policymakers and academics) regarding research priorities in the area of early detection of cancer in primary care in Ireland.

Methods: A research prioritisation exercise adapted from the James Lind Alliance (JLA) consensus framework will be used to enable all key stakeholders to identify and prioritise research questions. This involves the following stages: (1) setting up a steering group and priority setting partnership, (2) gathering potential research questions via an online survey, (3) processing, categorising, and summarising these research questions, (4) identifying the unanswered research questions, (5) determining the top 10 research priorities via a consensus workshop.

Results: The following outcomes will be reported: (1) a “Top 10” list of the most important research questions in early cancer detection in primary care; (2) a list of unanswered research questions which ranked outside of the Top 10; (3) a list of research questions which were proposed but considered to be already answered by a panel of academics working in the field.

Conclusions: The co-production of consensus derived research questions in early cancer detection will provide a platform for both funders and researchers to concentrate on the most significant issues to stakeholders, especially patients and their doctors.
Systematic review and meta-analyses: What has the application of Mendelian randomization told us about the causal effect of adiposity on health outcomes?
Authors: Lee Matthew A , Hatcher Charlie , McGuinness Luke A , McBride Nancy , Battram Thomas , Wan Wenxin , Fang Si , Wade Kaitlin H , Corbin Laura J , Timpson Nicholas J
Published: September 2023

Mendelian randomization (MR) is increasingly used for generating estimates of the causal impact of exposures on outcomes. Evidence suggests a causal role of excess adipose tissue (adiposity) on many health outcomes. However, this body of work has not been systematically appraised.

We systematically reviewed and meta-analysed results from MR studies investigating the association between adiposity and health outcomes prior to the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic (PROSPERO: CRD42018096684). We searched Medline, EMBASE, and bioRxiv up to February 2019 and obtained data on 2,214 MR analyses from 173 included articles. 29 meta-analyses were conducted using data from 34 articles (including 66 MR analyses) and results not able to be meta-analysed were narratively synthesised.

Body mass index (BMI) was the predominant exposure used and was primarily associated with an increase in investigated outcomes; the largest effect in the meta-analyses was observed for the association between BMI and polycystic ovary syndrome (estimates reflect odds ratios (OR) per standard deviation change in each adiposity measure): OR = 2.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22–5.33. Only colorectal cancer was investigated with two exposures in the meta-analysis: BMI (OR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.01–1.37) and waist-hip ratio (WHR; OR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.08–2.03). Broadly, results were consistent across the meta-analyses and narrative synthesis.

Consistent with many observational studies, this work highlights the impact of adiposity across a broad spectrum of health outcomes, enabling targeted follow-up analyses. However, missing and incomplete data mean results should be interpreted with caution.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTIVATION AND EMOTIONAL SPHERE OF THE PERSONALITY OF 1ST YEAR STUDENTS DURING THE PREPARATION FOR THE SESSION
Authors: Kapustina Valeria A. , Bondareva Polina P.
Published: September 2023

The subject of the study are features of an emotional and personal sphere of 1st-year students of technical training profiles with different leading motives for learning during the preparation for the session. The authors present the results of an empirical study in which 81 first-year students of NSTU technical training profiles took part, 62 of them male, 19 female students; age from 17-20 years. The study was conducted in person 2-3 weeks before the start of the session using the STAI test, the Human Resilience Test by A.V. Makhnach, CERQ, and the test of Learning Motivation by T.I. Ilyina. As a result of the study, the predominance of students with a high level of situational anxiety (64%) was revealed. It means that the majority of students surveyed experience pronounced discomfort, tension, concern and physiological manifestations of anxiety caused by being in a stressful situation, which is also the first session at the university. The leading motivation for learning among the majority of first-year students was the motivation to gain knowledge (70% of respondents). A comparative analysis using the Mann-Whitney U-test showed that first-year students with a leading motivation for obtaining a diploma or mastering a profession, compared with students motivated by obtaining knowledge, are more characterized by self-confidence, more developed ability to overcome obstacles and demonstrate sufficient effectiveness in the event of difficulties, emotional and behavioral self-control, understanding of one’s own emotional experiences are more developed.
GENDER SPECIFICITIES IN PERCEPTIONS OF HAPPINESS ACROSS AGE GROUPS
Authors: Lopandin Konstantin V.
Published: September 2023

Purpose. The article addresses the topical problem of gender – specific perceptions of happiness. The paper aims to study gender differences in the notion of happiness across age groups.

Materials and Methods. The study involved the use of a questionnaire to assess the significance of the characteristics of the concept of “happiness” with the help of a modified Likert scale. The scale included the characteristics of the concept of “happiness” that relate to the following levels: physiological, socio-psychological, personality-psychological, and spiritual (transcendental). The empirical base of the study consisted of 300 participants: 143 men and 157 women. The sampling was broken into these age groups: 18-24, 25-34, and 35-44.

Results. The description of the concept of “happiness” in a gender and age-specific dimension is provided. Gender differences and similarities in the semantic meaning of the phenomenon of happiness typical of the respondents across age groups are traced. The findings show that at different ages both men and woman tend to change major sources of happiness. In women’s groups, regardless of age, one can observe semantic similarities between happiness and family relationships, family well-being: in fact, the older the person, the more meaningful this factor is. Unlike women, men associate happiness with attributes of success: social recognition and career. For men, happiness is tied up with self-realization and the search for individual meanings.

Conclusion. The results of the study can be used in psychological counselling, psychotherapy, trainings in addressing family relationship issues, personal difficulties linked to low life satisfaction.
THE PROBLEM OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF STUDENTS OF PEDAGOGICAL SPECIALTIES IN THE PREPARATION AND PASSING OF A DEMONSTRATION EXAM ACCORDING TO WORLDSKILLS STANDARDS RUSSIA
Authors: Akopova Milena A.
Published: September 2023

Currently, a demonstration exam is being introduced into the educational standards of secondary vocational education as one of the forms of final state certification, taking into account the requirements of the competence approach. The demonstration exam has great potential in assessing the professional training of future primary school teachers. However, the organization and conduct of a demonstration exam affects the increase in exam stress and the growth of exam anxiety among students.

Exam stress is a situation that leads to negative physiological and psychological manifestations; a test situation for a student that requires increased self-control, activation of communicative and intellectual and other resources. Exam anxiety can negatively affect students’ learning outcomes and lead to disappointment in the profession. Therefore, it is important to organize psychological support of students in preparation for the demonstration exam.

This article describes a study in which the level of anxiety (Spielberger-Khanin Anxiety Scale) and psychological stress (Psychological Stress Scale) of students were diagnosed at all stages of the organization of psychological support. This work included three areas: psychological education, training work with a group of students with the highest rates of anxiety and stress, and individual psychological counseling. The scientific data obtained from the results of the questionnaire and psychological diagnostics (using methods of mathematical statistics) showed that the most effective direction of work is to conduct group training sessions.
A Communicative Resource of Russian and Chinese Projects by Rem Koolhaas
Authors: Filindash Larisa , Paudyal Nadezhda
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The task of modern architecture is to turn a multifunctional building into an actual communicative space. An example of an effective solution to this problem is given by the work of the outstanding architect Rem Koolhaas. The purpose of this work is to analyze the author’s implemented projects in countries as diverse in cultural traditions and mental preferences as China and Russia. The article notes the universality of stylistic techniques in the objects under consideration for various functional purposes. The winner of the most prestigious international prizes in the field of architecture, in particular, the Pritzker Prize (2000, an analogue of the Nobel Prize), and the winner of international competitions in the UK, Japan, Italy, R. Koolhaas emphasized the special role in the formation of his own handwriting of such Russian masters-innovators. who made a breakthrough in architecture, like El Lisitsky, K.S. Melnikov, M.Ya. Ginzburg. Continuing the tradition of the avant-garde Russian school, the theorist and practitioner sees the priority tasks of architecture in creating a new communicative environment comfortable for society while preserving the historical and cultural landscape. The work emphasizes the importance of R. Koolhaas as an innovator and a supporter of the continuity of traditions.
Cross-Cultural Professional Communication: Blended Learning in the Digital Age
Authors: Minyar-Belorucheva A. , Pokrovskaya M.
Published: September 2023

In the Digital Age the focus of the modern educational process has radically shifted to give way to new forms and methods of educational activity due to the introduction of the digital technologies in the education system. Digital technologies open new vistas for the education system reform to introduce new methods to the professionally oriented L2 teaching necessary for effective cross-cultural communication. Blended learning is the first stage of the education system reform to meet the challenges of the time. It is evident that the modern education system requires optimization of its methods and activities. To achieve this, it is necessary to analyze and systematize the professionally oriented L2 curriculum, outline the problematic aspects, introduce innovative digital technologies in order to create effective IOT (Individual Educational Trajectory) for each individual student. Information, communication and digital technologies integrate text, graphic and video images, speech and music, making education multimodal. L2 teaching at the History Faculty has taken into account both hard skills and soft skills to equip history students with deep knowledge and expand their outlook by developing their critical thinking, creativity, research competence to prepare them for independent scholarly, academic, pedagogical and social activities.
Technologies of Suggestive Linguistics in Internet Communications
Authors: Kadilina O.
Published: September 2023

Introduction. Modern Internet communication has its own characteristics, one of which is often used suggestion, or suggestion, which is a process of influencing the human psyche, associated with a decrease in criticality in the perception and implementation of the suggestible content. In this case, the information assimilated by suggestion is difficult to comprehend and correct, which determines the relevance of the study, especially in the modern period of information wars.

The aim of the article is to investigate the technologies of suggestive linguistics in Internet communications.

Methodology. The study used the methods of conversion analysis; intent analysis, the method of group observation.

Results. The research determines the technologies of suggestive linguistics and linguistic methods of suggestion which are important for exercising influence on the Internet; the tendencies of use of suggestive means in Internet communications were analyzed; the recommendations for counteraction to suggestive influences on the Internet were given. The separate attention is given to the realization of aggressive suggestive technologies on the example of “Windows Overton”. It is shown that various genres of Internet communication can be used for the suggestive influence.

Scientific novelty of the research consists in structuring the most influential techniques of suggestion.

Practical significance of research consists in development of recommendations on prevention of suggestive influences in the Internet, representing an algorithm of information-psychological control of the received information.
New socionyms in internet communication 2000-2022: functional and semantic characteristics
Authors: Rebrina Larisa
Published: September 2023

The object of the study is the actual socionyms functioning in the Russian-language Internet communication in 2000-2022. They reflect identities, characteristics that become the basis for the delimitation of the social space of society. The analysis includes semantic, motivological, word-formation analysis of socionyms, characterization of their usage, including usage in semantic formulas correlated with the dictionary of identity / characterization dictionary, determination of the tendency of socionyms to contexts with a certain sentiment. At the same time, a significant (down to zero marks) decrease in the frequency of analyzed socionyms in Russian-language Internet communication should be noted since February 2022. It is shown that socionyms function in formulas of identifying (self) definition, optionally in formulas of identifying spatial, event-related community. The described units refer mainly to the characterization dictionary, reflecting the stigmatization of groups based on individual socially significant properties (status-role, local, sociocultural) of subjects. The relevant parameters of group stigmatization expressed in the internal form of socionyms: “center” - “periphery” / “friends - newcomers”; “material well-being and its possible opportunities”, “values, goals and lifestyle” are determined. Significant dichotomies of semantic features in the meaning of the described socionyms are singled out, lexicalization of abbreviations, borrowing and shortening of words are determined as relevant types of word formation. The conjugation of most of the studied socionyms with contexts with negative tonality has been established. The signs associated with the denotation and reflected in the contexts of the functioning of socionyms are characterized.
Methodology for developing a communication strategy
Authors: Malardyrova Victoria , Chinnova Victoria
Published: September 2023

the article reveals the methodology for developing a communicative strategic organization; the sphere of education and fundamental problems in it are analyzed; the procedure for developing a communication strategy for promoting an educational product is carried out and substantiated for the creation and implementation of large-scale communications between the consumer and development in three consecutive events: research, organizational and productive; about the expected results of the investigative actions, about the expected results of the procedures and about the expected general recommendations
Value Uncertainty
Authors: Bali Turan G. , Del Viva Luca , El Hefnawy Menatalla , Trigeorgis Lenos
Published: September 2023

We examine how time-series volatility of book-to-market (UNC) is priced in equity returns and the relative contributions of its book volatility (variations in earnings and book value) and market volatility components (shocks in required return). UNC captures valuation risk, so stocks with high valuation risk earn higher return. An investment strategy long in high-UNC firms and short in low-UNC firms generates 8.5% annual risk-adjusted return. UNC valuation risk premium is driven by outperformance of high-UNC firms facing higher information risk and is not explained by established risk factors and firm characteristics.

This paper was accepted by Agostino Capponi, finance.

Funding: The authors acknowledge financial support from Spain’s Ministry of Education [Grant EC02011-24928], Generalitat de Catalonia [Grant 2014-SGR-1079], Banc Sabadell, the Bank of Cyprus, and the European Social Fund. M. El Hefnawy acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [Grant PID2021-128994NA-I00].

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4888 .
Dynamic small-series fashion order allocation and supplier selection: a ga-topsis-based model
Authors: Harale Nitin , Thomassey Sébastien , Zeng Xianyi
Published: September 2023

The fashion industry is currently confronted with significant economic and environmental challenges, necessitating the exploration of novel business models. Among the promising approaches is small series production on demand, though this poses considerable complexities in the highly competitive sector. Traditional supplier selection and production planning processes, known for their lengthy and intricate nature, must be replaced with more dynamic and effective decision-making procedures. To tackle this problem, GA-TOPSIS hybrid model is proposed as the methodology. The model integrates Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) evaluation into the fitness function of Genetic Algorithm (GA) to comprehensively consider both qualitative and quantitative criteria for supplier selection. Simultaneously, GA efficiently optimizes the order sequence for production planning. The model's efficacy is demonstrated through implementation on real orders, showcasing its ability to handle diverse evaluation criteria and support supplier selection in different scenarios. Moreover, the proposed model is employed to compute the Pareto front, which provides optimal sets of solutions for the given objective criteria. This allows for an effective demand-driven strategy, particularly relevant for fashion retailers to select supplier and order planning optimization decisions in dynamic and multi-criteria context. Overall, GA-TOPSIS hybrid model offers an innovative and efficient decision support system for fashion retailers to adapt to changing demands and achieve effective supplier selection and production planning optimization. The model's incorporation of both qualitative and quantitative criteria in a dynamic environment contributes to its originality and potential for addressing the complexities of the fashion industry's supply chain challenges
Variation in Phenology of Banj Oak (Quercus Leucotrichophora) Tree Across Different Elevations in the Kumaun Himalayas, India.
Authors: Joshi Komal , Fulara Beena Tewari , Ram Jeet
Published: September 2023

Changes in phenological events have been caused by the present phenomenon of climate change. The elevation is another important factor which leads to the variations in phenological events. The Banj Oak plays holds a vital position as a keystone species in the moist temperate forests of the Central Himalayas, and contribute to human well-being by providing essential benefits such as biodiversity conservation, maintenance of soil organic matter, and the ability to retain water. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the various phenological events of Q. leucotrichophora tree species along the elevation gradients. The elevation gradients are low (1400-1600 m), mid (1700-1900 m) and high (2000-2200 m). At each elevation, three sites were selected for the detailed phenological study. The observations were made from bud initiation to seed fall. In general, leaf bud break and leaf fall were initiated earlier in low-elevation species. In comparison with the middle and high elevation, at low elevation the growth initiation occurred in February and March when the temperature had begun. Comparisons with previous studies have shown that some phenological events began to occur early. The study clearly indicates that climatic irregularities have influenced or altered the phenological events of species. It can be said that the phenological events changes with climatic factors, which are responsible for earlier or delayed phenophases. Understanding phenology and its variations can offer significant data. Consequently, this knowledge can be highly valuable for agricultural practices, which necessitate advanced information on particular stages of tree growth.
A quick guide to DBOHv4
Authors: Gallagher Jennifer E , Godson Jenny H
Published: September 2023

Preventive care in dental settings, and beyond, has the potential to make a real difference to patients' general and oral health. The aim of this article is to support frontline dental teams, working across NHS and private systems, to engage with the evidence-based resource: ‘Delivering Better Oral Health’ (DBOHv4). This is a key resource for busy dental professionals on the front line. Regularly updated, it brings together the existing body of evidence on clinical prevention in an accessible contemporary digital format.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: It is important for frontline dental teams to engage with the evidence-based resource: ‘Delivering Better Oral Health’ (DBOHv4) to support their patients to develop and maintain health-promoting behaviours.
Human factors in dentistry: Part 2. Whose fault is a mistake?
Authors: Rasaratnam Lakshmi
Published: September 2023

This two-part series introduces the concept of human factors, how and why mistakes happen and how we can minimize the risks of them occurring. Part 2 of the series explores ‘never events, near misses and duty of candour’ within the NHS. It also provides four clinical case scenarios of clinical errors that have resulted in actual or potential harm to a patient, identifying the human factors involved in each scenario.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: There may be merit in the dental profession moving away from the blame culture when things go wrong..