bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Platon contre Homère” : l’antagonisme des mensonges selon Nietzsche
Authors: Morille Typhaine
Published: September 2024

Nietzsche's obsession with Plato has little parallel in the history of philosophy other than Plato's obsession with Homer. In both cases, admiration is matched by exasperation and, if we are to believe Nietzsche, even by “aversion” (KSA 11, 25 [103]). From his earliest works in Basel, Nietzsche seems to have sided with Homer, with “the whole Olympus of appearances” (GS, Preface for the Second Edition, § 4) and superficiality “out of profundity”, against Plato, “a man of many back caves and foregrounds” (KSA 11, 34 [66]). “Plato versus Homer: that is the complete, the genuine antagonism”, On the Genealogy of Morals solemnly sums up (GM, III, § 25). It sounds like a declaration of war. On the one hand, the will to truth and belief in morals ; on the other, the will to deception and beautiful, misleading images: two “natural antagonists”, two competing ideals. But how does the anti-dualist thinker of Beyond Good and Evil, who rejects any idea of real opposition, understand this antagonism? Is it really a question of pitting art against science? According to Nietzsche, the school of lies is where these formidable educators clash, their battle of models shaping European culture. “But education for what?” (KSA 12, 5 [50]). It is by learning from Homeric transfiguration and Socratic ruses that Nietzsche develops his understanding of the oppositional logic of the will to power, and raises the question of the future task of the authentic philosopher.
Path modeling of factors that predict self-regulated learning
Authors: Oladele Jumoke I.
Published: September 2024

Students can encounter significant challenges when transitioning from high school to university. Students must possess the necessary skills to adjust to the self-directed learning atmosphere of the university, however frequently lack the ability to take responsibility for their own learning. This study employs path-modeling techniques to investigate and analyze the multifaceted relationships between various factors, that can predict self-regulated learning as they impact learners' academic achievements in higher education settings, as informed by an extensive review of existing literature. The population for this study were university undergraduates using a researcher-designed questionnaire for data collection. The data collected was modelled reflectively using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Results show that the measurement model assessment showed strong reliability and convergent validity of the latent constructs. However, only technology significantly predicted self-regulated learning as contributing to students' academic success in higher education. The findings from this study contribute significantly to understanding the nuanced pathways through which various learning indicators interact to predict students' self-regulation as influencing students' academic performance in the higher education space. Insights gained from the analysis offer valuable implications for relevant stakeholders aimed at fostering properly tailored conduct that enhances students' academic success in higher education.
The ontological status of moral reasons
Authors: Parmigiani Matías
Published: September 2024

In Morality and Metaphysics, Larmore outlines a metaphysical conception of normative reasons in general, and moral reasons in particular, that he defines as “platonistic”. In accordance with this conception, all reasons for thought and action would belong to an ontologically objective domain, insofar as their mode of existence would be, in Searle’s words, independent of any perceiver or mental state. The main objective of the present paper is to criticize this conception. To this end, it will be argued, on the one hand, that Larmore’s conception is totally inadequate to deal with a specific kind of normative reasons, namely agent-relative reasons; and, on the other, that even if it recognizes the reflective stance as an inseparable aspect of morality, it tends to underestimate what this means ontologically speaking. As will become apparent in a clear Strawsonian vein, morality’s normative force would rest to a great extent on some fundamental attitudes and dispositions we cannot do without as human beings.
A Case of Inversion of Suture Lines in Hysteroceras Varicosum (Sow.)
Authors: Haas Otto
Published: September 2024

A specimen of Hysteroceras varicosum var. angolana n. var. from Hanha, Lobito bay, Angola, shows inversion of suture lines.
Triassic Footprints From Argentina
Authors: Lull Richard S.
Published: September 2024

Two forms are represented. To the first, a quadruped of probable amphibian origin, the name Parabatrachopus argentina is given; the second, a typical bipedal dinosaur track is referred to Anchisauripus.
Two Endocranial Casts of Cetaceans From the Oligocene of New Zealand
Authors: Marples B. J.
Published: September 2024

Two natural endocranial casts of cetaceans from the Oligocene of New Zealand are described. No skeletal remains are associated with either of them. The larger closely resembles published figures of endocranial casts of Archaeocetes except in that its cerebellum is small and normal instead of being of immense size. The cerebral hemispheres are small, especially anteriorly, and apparently had an olfactory region. The smaller specimen more closely approaches the condition seen in Recent specimens. The cerebral hemispheres have no olfactory region and are rounded anteriorly, but they are far less swollen. The two specimens afford intermediate stages between the brain of the primitive mammal and that of the Recent Odontocete. It is suggested that the immense and unique cerebellum described previously in the brain of Archaeocetes might conceivably be a misinterpretation of a large vascular plexus.
Experimental Investigation of Silicate Systems Containing Two Volatile Components; Part 2, the Effects of NH 3 and HF, in Addition to H 2 O on the Melting Temperatures of Albite and Granite
Authors: Wyllie Peter John , Tuttle Orville Frank
Published: September 2024

Addition of NH 3 to water-albite and water-granite mixtures at constant pressure raises the melting temperatures of albite and granite, whereas addition of HF to these mixtures causes marked lowering of melting temperatures. Results obtained at 2,750 bars pressure for charges containing 1:1 weight ratio of silicate to total volatiles are presented as perspective TX projections from within isobaric prisms onto the volatile faces of the prisms. In the presence of H 2 O alone at 2,750 bars pressure, albite melts between 795 degrees C. and 810 degrees C., and granite begins to melt at 670 degrees C.; in the presence of 8.2 weight percent NH 3 solution, the melting interval of albite is 805 degrees C. to 825 degrees C., and granite begins to melt at 690 degrees C.; in the presence of 8 weight percent HF solution, the melting interval of albite is 610 degrees C. to 685 degrees C., and granite begins to melt at 595 degrees C. No chemical reaction was detected in systems containing NH 3 , but considerable reaction occurs with HF. With increasing HF concentration in the system NaAlSi 3 O 8 -H 2 O-HF, quartz becomes a stable phase and the system is no longer ternary. In the presence of HF solutions, albite crystals grow much larger than in the presence of H 2 O alone.
Oxidation in High Temperature Petrogenesis
Authors: Mueller Robert Francis
Published: September 2024

A study has been made of a variety of metamorphic and magmatic rocks to determine how oxidative processes are reflected in their mineral assemblages. In this study particular attention is paid to solid solutions. Field and experimental evidence agree with theory as to the responses of ferromagnesian solid solution to compositional changes of the coupled gas phase. Typical of these responses are the increases shown by the ratios Fe 2 O 3 /FeO and MgO/(MgO + FeO) with increasing P O2 . Attention is also directed to the consequences of the normally low values of P O2 /P H2O to gaseous transport by bodily flow and diffusion in regional metamorphism. Examples of oxidative and related processes are drawn from regionally metamorphosed Fe formation of Quebec and the Lake Superior region, from numerous contact metamorphic deposits, from the extrusives of the San Juan region of Colorado, and from other magmatic provinces. A thermodynamic unity of response to oxidative processes is shown by these different rock types.
The Dynamic Significance of Deformation Lamellae in Quartz of a Calcite-Cemented Sandstone
Authors: Hansen Edward , Borg Iris Y.
Published: September 2024

In 3 specimens of macroscopically folded Oriskany Sandstone, deformation lamellae are profusely developed in quartz grains, and the calcite cement contains numerous twin lamellae on {0112} = e. Following the method used by Turner, axes of compression and tension were deduced from a statistical study of the pattern of calcite twinning in each specimen. The stress systems so deduced are symmetrically related to the geometry of macroscopic folding. Triaxial stress fields were obtained from samples from the limbs of an anticline, and a uniaxial stress field was determined from a sample from the axial plane of the anticline. The maximum and minimum stress axes, sigma 1 and sigma 3 , so determined lie within 10 degrees of the bedding and are perpendicular to the local fold axis; the intermediate axis, sigma 2 , parallels the fold axis. Quartz lamellae show strong patterns of preferred orientation also symmetrically related to the stress systems deduced from calcite twinning; they tend preferentially to develop in planes of high shear stress inclined at less than 45 degrees to the inferred axis of maximum stress, sigma 1 .
Chloroplast in Spirogyra From the Green River Formation of Wyoming
Authors: Bradley W. H.
Published: September 2024

A remarkable assemblage of micro-organisms, mostly algae, was found in a thin stratum of exceptionally rich oil shale from the Wilkins Peak Member of the Green River Formation of Eocene age. In this microflora is an almost perfectly preserved germling cell of Spirogyra, which still contains its spiral chloroplast. The cell is turgid and the dark-colored chloroplast appears to be suspended in a nearly colorless, transparent matrix. The preservation indicates that either the cell wall successfully resisted destructive attack by bacteria or saprophytic fungi or that, by chance, it actually was not attacked. The fact that this cell has retained its rounded, turgid form during the full compaction of the enclosing sediments implies that the cell wall was permeable enough so that virtually perfect hydrostatic balance was maintained between the fluids within and outside the cell. Certain other algal cells were flattened to a mere film and cracked radially. The organic ooze in which these organisms were preserved must have remained plastic during the whole process of compaction. This inference is supported by the fact that the thin varves in other nearby oil shale layers were distorted (locally) into sharply pointed peaks by the growth of shortite crystals. Such peaks would surely have lost their sharp crests had they formed before compaction had been completed.
An Early American Statement of the Badon Ghyben-Herzberg Principle of Static Fresh-Water-Salt-Water Balance
Authors: Carlston C. W.
Published: September 2024

In 1828 the American Journal of Science published a paper by Dr. Joseph Du Commun, a West Point Military Academy teacher of French, which outlined qualitatively and quantitatively the principle of hydrostatic balance of fresh water and sea water in coastal regions. Du Commun9s statement antedated by 61 years Badon Ghyben9s (1889) statement of this principle and Herzberg9s (1901) statement by 73 years. Badon Ghyben and Herzberg have hitherto been credited for the first enunciation of the principle. In recent years Hubbert (1940) has shown that the fresh-water-salt-water balance is hydrodynamic rather than hydrostatic because a flow system must exist in the fresh water. Wentworth9s (1948) demonstration of a zone of diffusion on either side of the fresh-water-salt-water interface has led Cooper (1959) to the hypothesis that a flow system also exists in the salt water near the interface. Cooper9s hypothesis and his further deductions have been confirmed by field observations in the Miami area (Kohout, 1960). Glover (1959) and Henry (1959, 1960) have also contributed to this field of inquiry.
The Genera of Phytosaurs
Authors: Gregory Joseph T.
Published: September 2024

The long-snouted, crocodile-like, amphibious reptiles of the Late Triassic known as phytosaurs are assigned to 5 genera on the basis of cranial characters. The most primitive genus, Paleorhinus, has external nares well forward of the antorbital fenestrae, the posttemporal arch at level of the skull roof, a slender rostrum without crests, homodont dentition, a low quadrate, and no trace of a posterior squamosal process. Mystriosuchus, which has highly specialized posterior nares, tall quadrate, and depressed posttemporal bar, retains the primitive form of the squamosal, homodont dentition, and slender (much longer) rostrum of Paleorhinus from which it may be derived through Francosuchus (the European subgenus of Paleorhinus). The remaining phytosaur genera are characterized by rounded processes of the squamosal bone projecting well behind the occipital surface of the skull, and by the development of heterodont dentition and generally more robust skulls. Angistorhinus, the most primitive member of this lineage, retains a primitive posttemporal arch at the level of the skull deck, but is advanced over Paleorhinus in its posteriorly placed external nares. Its rostrum is slender and lacks crests; the dentition is only slightly differentiated. Phytosaurus and Rutiodon, the more specialized members of this group, have depressed posttemporal arches and tall quadrates. Rostra of Rutiodon vary from slender and uncrested in small skulls to moderately robust with high dorsal crests in the posterior half in the largest individuals; teeth vary from moderately to strongly heterodont. The squamosal processes are slender and show progressive phyletic elongation. The ratio of rostral to postrostral length varies inversely with size. Phytosaurus skulls are characterized by massive rostra with continuous dorsal crests and have a relatively constant rostral ratio independent of size; the squamosal processes are short and deep; dentition is strongly heterodont; considerable evidence suggests that the dorsal armor plates differed from other phytosaurs.
The Eruption in Askja, 1961; a Preliminary Report
Authors: Thorarinsson Sigurdur , Sigvaldason G. E.
Published: September 2024

The 1961 eruption was preceded by the formation of big solfataras on a N-S line along the eastern caldera wall. The eruption started in the same area two weeks later, on October 26, when an E-W-running fissure, 0.7 km long, opened up. The eruption was of the Hawaiian type, and lava fountains rose to a height of 500 m. Within the first 10 hours or so the lava flow reached a length of 7.5 km and an area of nearly 6 km 2 . When the eruption ended five weeks later the area was 11 km 2 . Until November 5 the lava solidified mainly as apalhraun (aa) lava, but from then on it was more fluid and solidified as helluhraun (pahoehoe) lava. The two lava types differ with regard to their mineralogy. The lava produced before November 5 is characterized by relatively few phenocrysts of plagioclase and pyroxene in a groundmass of black glass that is opaque due to precipitation of ore. Olivine is not found. The fluid lava of the second phase contains more phenocrysts. Olivine is present and the glass brown and translucent. Three new analyses od Askja lavas are presented.
Catalysis, Inhibition, and the Calcite-Aragonite Problem; [Part] 2, the Vaterite-Aragonite Transformation
Authors: Bischoff J. L.
Published: September 2024

The kinetics of the vaterite-aragonite transformation in aqueous solution were studied to determine the factors involved in aragonite formation. The reaction involved the solution and equilibration of vaterite and subsequent nucleation and growth of aragonite. Extent of reaction was monitored by time-lapse photography. The effect of various geologically common ions was studied. Sulfate is a strong inhibitor of aragonite formation, while magnesium is weakly so. Strontium catalizes aragonite formation in solutions in which strontianite is supersaturated. Ionic strength catalizes aragonite formation. The predominance of either aragonite or calcite in natural environments is determined primarily by magnesium ion content.
A Note on the Terrane Concept, Based on an Introduction to the Terrane '97 Conference, Christchurch, New Zealand, February, 1997
Authors: Coombs D. S.
Published: September 2024

A widely accepted definition of tectonostratigraphic terrane is that of Howell, Jones, and Schermer (1985): a fault-bounded package of rocks of regional extent characterized by a geologic history that differs from that of neighboring terranes. The word terrane has, of course, a very long history of use in non-specific contexts in geological literature.
The Derivation of Stable Unary Phase Diagrams Through the Use of Dual Networks
Authors: Kujawa F. B. , Dunning C. A. , Eugster H. P.
Published: September 2024

Unary phase diagrams of stable equilibria can be derived with the aid of Dual networks. For each basic form of these phase diagrams there exists a unique Dual network. In addition, the elements of the two are related by a one-to-one correspondence such that areas correspond to points and line intervals to line segments. Systems with up to 7 phases yield 86 different diagrams, all of which are presented here, together with the corresponding Dual networks. Solutions for 8 and 9 phases are tabulated. The results are helpful for deriving metastable diagrams and diagrams for more than one component.
Role of Fluid Pressure in Jointing
Authors: Secor Donald T.
Published: September 2024

Geologic evidence suggests that some joints are tension fractures developed perpendicular to the least principal stress direction in rock. In this study the mechanics of natural tension fracturing is examined in light of the fluid pressure theory developed by Hubbert and Rubey (1959). The Griffith theory of failure, expressed in terms of effective stresses, is taken as the failure criterion for rocks. In addition one of the total principal stress directions is assumed to be vertical and equal to the bulk weight of the overburden to the depth considered. Calculations based on these assumptions indicate that tension fractures can develop at increasingly greater depth in the Earth as the ratio of fluid pressure to overburden weight approaches one. . . . Previously formed fractures can be opened up by fluid pressure at great depth in the Earth9s crust. Such open fractures probably are important in the migration of ground water, hydrocarbons, and ore fluids.
INFRASTRUCTURAL SERVICES AND SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS PLAY CATALYTIC ROLE FOR GIG WORKERS OF FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRY IN MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION
Authors: RODE Sanjay
Published: September 2024

Gig work is increasing across all industries and sectors all over world after pandemic. In Mumbai, the gig workers of food and beverage industry are more as compared to other municipal corporations in Mumbai Metropolitan Region. The Ambernath municipal council has more gig workers as compared to Matheran Municipal Council. Rural parts of Vasai have less gig workers but Ambernath and Kalyan rural has more gig workers. Employment generated by the wholesale and retail trade, restaurant and hotel were more during 1990 ‘s in Mumbai city. But currently, this industry is growing very slow in terms of employment as compared to other industries and employment. The ordinary least square regression shows that gig workers of food and beverage industry are positively correlated to all municipal corporations in Mumbai Metropolitan Region but negatively correlated to Thane and Panvel rural area. Sewage and water supply is positively co-related to gig workers in Vasai Virar municipal corporation. Most of units in food and beverage unis are small and do not provide employment throughout year. The social security is not provided to most of the gig workers. Hygiene, regular pay scales, normal work hours, training is not provided to gig workers. Central and State government must draft rules and regulation for this sector with strict guidelines. It will improve the current economic status of gig workers and work environment in this industry.
BEYOND THE SCREEN: HOW VIRTUAL REALITY SHAPES SUSTAINABLE BEHAVIOURS IN ECOTOURISM THROUGH USES AND GRATIFICATIONS THEORY
Authors: Hornoiu Remus-Ion , Popescu Delia , Militaru Ionuţ-Andrei , De Pascale Angelina , Poenaru Luciana-Floriana , Breabăn Marius Lucian
Published: September 2024

This study examines the relationships between ascribed responsibility, uses and gratifications, behavioural involvement, and visit intentions among Sicilian tourists using virtual reality (VR) to explore Romanian rural ecotourism destinations. Utilizing the Uses and Gratifications theory, it investigates how VR content's informativeness, playfulness, and social interactivity impact user engagement and behavioural intentions. Findings reveal that higher ascribed responsibility enhances gratifications from VR experiences, which increases behavioural involvement, essential for ecotourism. However, ascribed responsibility alone does not directly influence visit intentions, indicating the role of additional factors. A significant contribution of this research is the identification of a serial mediation model where uses and gratifications and behavioural involvement totally mediate the ascribed responsibility-visit intention relationship. This model highlights the complex interplay between cognitive, affective, and behavioural responses, demonstrating that ascribed responsibility enhances uses and gratifications, leading to increased behavioural involvement and, ultimately, visit intentions. The study extends the Uses and Gratifications theory into VR and ecotourism, emphasizing environmental responsibility in media engagement. Practical implications include strategies for tourism marketers to foster environmental responsibility and for VR developers to create engaging, informative, and interactive experiences. Policymakers can use these insights to promote sustainable tourism through supportive VR content development.
THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF AIRBNB IN THE PERCEPTION OF TOURISTS
Authors: Sandu Maria-Alexandra , Purecel Elena-Mihaela
Published: September 2024

Airbnb has experienced rapid growth, with millions of tourists using its service. This study seeks to identify the main reasons why tourists choose to use the Airbnb platform and its competitive advantages. To this end, online research was conducted with a sample of 49 respondents who have already used this type of service. The main results of the study show that price (53.1%), followed by the flat's facilities (22.4%) and location (20.4%) are the main motives for choosing Airbnb accommodation. When rating the importance of the main features that characterise Airbnb, 67.35% of respondents considered price to be very important and 65.31% rated location the same. In terms of satisfaction, the majority of respondents (59.2%) said they had a very satisfactory experience. Had Airbnb not existed, 53.1% of respondents would have opted for a hotel room. Hotels are therefore a major competitor for Airbnb and the advantages and independence of the services should be maintained or even improved.
THE NEGATIVE SPILLOVER EFFECTS OF TOURISM ON SOCIETY
Authors: Rasethuntsa Boitumelo Caroline
Published: September 2024

It is well known that tourism plays a prominent role in increasing global economic growth. As much as tourism can be used as a tool to accelerate economic growth, research has shown that tourism is a double-edged sword that can also produce undesirable and harmful outcomes for host societies. With this in mind, this study seeks to understand how host communities are negatively impacted by tourism activities. The study utilises a literature review approach as a data collection tool to identify the negative impacts of tourism activities on societies. The results of the study show that the dimensions of these negative impacts are based on issues such as the destruction of local cultural values, tourists' expectations, physical damage, the commercialisation of social culture, the production of inauthentic products, social instability, and crime. The study also identifies some future areas of research that can be explored by future researchers on this topic.
Is the movement of the INR/USD Exchange Rate and the Indian Stock Market Linked? Fresh Evidence
Authors:   Faculty of Management and Commerce, The ICFAI University Tripura, Animesh Bhattacharjee , Kumar Sunil ,   Faculty of Management and Commerce, The ICFAI University Tripura
Published: September 2024

Dollar exchange rate and Indian stock market are leading economic indicators. The present study investigates the relationship between the two economic indicators during the period April 2005 to December 2019. Analysis of Johansen cointegration test reveals that positive long-run cointegrating relationship exists between the variables. The vector error correction mechanism shows that INR/USD exchange rate influences the Indian stock prices negatively in the short-run. The study also observes the presence of bidirectional causality between the variables in the short-run. The variance decomposition analysis further reveals that the Indian stock market is driven to considerable extent by innovations in INR/USD exchange rate. The close relationship that the study found between INR/USD exchange rate and Indian stock market will be an important factor in the decision making of both individual and institutional investors. Furthermore, the study recommends the Indian government to adopt a cautious approach in implementing the foreign currency exchange rate policies
Does Bullion Appeal As A Hedge Or A Safe Haven For Oil Wild Ride During The Russia-Ukraine War? A Wavelet Approach
Authors: Suraj Velip , Jambotkar Mrunali
Published: September 2024

In this research, we empirically evaluate whether Indian bullion market instru- ments glitter as a hedge or a safe haven against oil volatility shock before and during the Russia-Ukraine war. The wavelet coherence mechanism is used to encapsulate the hedge or a safe haven potential over the time-frequency horizon. We find evidence that gold and silver act as a medium horizon investment hedge for crude oil during pre - and invasion periods. However, the results unveil that gold and silver act as a weak safe haven for crude oil during the turmoil period, partly consistent with the prior research findings. The results further show that there is a positive relationship between gold and oil at the beginning of the war and at intervals, 29/06/2022 to 15/07/2022, illustrating that gold acts as a diversifier for crude oil
Smoking: Profile of an Elderly Sample in the City of Porto Alegre-RS/Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Júnior Francisco José Pascoal , Lucena Hérika Juliana de Araújo
Published: September 2024

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the profile of smokers in a sample of elderly people served by the Family Health Strategy (ESF) in the city of Porto Alegre/RS.
 
Theoretical Framework: Smoking is one of the main risk factors for several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and several other conditions. Although the number of smokers is declining in many countries, the impact of smoking remains a significant public health concern.
 
Method: Cross-sectional study with prospective data collection involving a sample of 567 elderly people. 30 ESF teams from different Health Districts were chosen through a stratified random draw and 36 elderly people were selected from each team.
Results and Discussion: The prevalence of smoking was 21.5%, with a higher prevalence in men (26%). Widowed elderly people had less history of smoking (47.8%), as did retired elderly people (54.7%), religious practitioners (50.7%) and those with higher incomes. An increase in prevalence was observed in elderly people who stopped smoking, with an increase in age groups.
 
Research Implications: The research can provide specific data on the profile of elderly smokers in Porto Alegre, allowing public policies to be created or adjusted to more effectively serve this population.
 
Originality/Value: While many studies on smoking focus on younger populations or middle-aged adults, the choice to specifically study smoking among older adults is less common and therefore fills a significant gap in the literature.
Smoking and Cognitive and Mental Disorders: Evaluation of This Relationship in Elderly People in the Municipality of Porto Alegre – RS/Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Júnior Francisco José Pascoal , Lucena Hérika Juliana de Araújo , Cataldo Neto Alfredo
Published: September 2024

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare elderly smokers with elderly nonsmokers and to assess the prevalence of disorders in groups of current smokers, nonsmokers, and patients who have quit smoking.
 
Theoretical Framework: Smoking is one of the main risk factors for a series of chronic diseases and debilitating conditions, including cognitive and mental disorders. The elderly population is particularly vulnerable to these impacts due to the coexistence of multiple comorbidities and the natural aging of the central nervous system (CNS).
 
Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional study with prospective data collection, conducted in the city of Porto Alegre, capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with the elderly population (60 years or older) registered in the Family Health Strategy (ESF).
 
Results and Discussion: In terms of current smoking, men (25.2%) tend to smoke more than women (18.4%), which is confirmed throughout their lives, representing 73.3% and 45.7%, respectively.
 
Research Implications: The research can help to identify elderly individuals who are at greater risk of developing cognitive and mental disorders due to smoking early. This enables early interventions, such as smoking cessation programs integrated with psychological and psychiatric support.
 
Originality/Value: The research focuses on a specific population — elderly individuals from Porto Alegre —, which allows for detailed analysis of a demographic group that is often underrepresented in studies on smoking and mental health.
Dendrochemical Analysis as a Method to Identify Mineralized Zones: Insights from the Marathon Cu-PGE Deposit
Authors: Hatfield Alex , Layton-Matthews Daniel , Scanlan Emma
Published: September 2024

The Marathon Cu-platinum-group element (PGE) deposit is located within the Eastern Gabbro Series of the Proterozoic Coldwell Alkalic Complex, 10 km north of Marathon, Ontario.  The Cu-PGE mineralization occurs within the Two Duck Lake Gabbro, an olivine gabbro intrusion. This geochemical orientation study tested the trace element analysis of tree cores as a method of identifying mineralized versus background areas in the Marathon deposit, focusing on copper (Cu), sulfur (S), palladium (Pd), and silver (Ag). Tree core samples (n=25) were collected with an increment borer from black spruce (Picea mariana) trees and dated by counting growth rings. Fifteen cores, 12 near/overtop the deposit and three distal control samples, were analysed with Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) over a 10-year interval (1992-2002). Data normalization to 88Sr like in other dendrochemical studies corrected for tree health and growth effects. 32S, 63Cu, and 105Pd were found to have the highest concentrations at 94.198, 2.224, and 0.055 ppm, respectively, in control sample 23KPA2-3004. This tree is located beside the Pic River and receives large amounts of run-off from the entire Eastern Gabbro Series, possibly enhancing the chemical composition of the tree core. Excluding this anomalous sample, significant concentrations of Cu and Ag were found moving SSW along the deposit, aligning with the direction of movement of the Pleistocene Laurentide Ice Sheet. While this study did not clearly identify mineralized zones in the Marathon deposit, it has identified the possibility of mineralized run-off in the Pic River affecting nearshore tree chemical composition. The influence of local terrain and glacial till must be also considered when using this method. Future research will continue to study the factors influencing the uptake of elements in trees and refine methods for detecting mineralization through tree core analysis.
UAV Modelling of Proglacial Landscapes, Axel Heiberg Island Nunavut
Authors: Morrow Lydia
Published: September 2024

This project involved using a UAV to create digital models and products that enhance visualization and understanding of the moraines of White and Thompson Glaciers, Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut. UAV surveying offers an effective alternative to high-resolution satellite imagery for documenting highly dynamic proglacial landscapes. Proglacial landforms and sediments provide insights into glacier characteristics and the behavior of glacier termini. UAV surveying allows for high-resolution examination of moraine features and the creation of digital elevation models (DEMs) that facilitate topographic modeling and the detection of changes. A Mavic 3M Drone was employed with UGCS flight planning software. UGCS flight planning software was selected for its ability to create orthomosaic flight plans that consider ground elevation, ensuring accurate Ground Sampling Distance (GSD). A 2m Arctic DEM was uploaded to UGCS prior to planning flight routes, allowing for more precise measurements. Post processing was done in Drone2Map and Agisoft Metashape to create both 2D orthomosaics and 3D models respectively. The results of this work will be used as a visual tool to study current aspects of the moraines, including extent, depositional processes, and present hydrodynamic energy environments. This information will be compared to historical air photos and previous studies to examine changes the moraines over a sixty-year period.
Development of Modified Ride-On-Cars for Children with Mobility Impairments
Authors: Patterson Kate
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The ability to move independently is an integral part of a child's development. Children with motor impairments often experience significant challenges with moving independently, resulting in expensive powered wheelchairs being purchased or having caregivers push them in strollers or wheelchairs. The purpose of this research is to adapt motorized ride-on-cars to enable children with motor impairments to explore their environment independently. Engineers, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists co-designed customized ride-on-cars with 10 children and their caregivers to support each child’s individual needs. Methods: Physiotherapists and occupational therapists led an initial diagnostic session to assess each child’s clinical needs. The engineers then brainstormed and implemented solutions. On the final day of testing, physiotherapists and occupational therapists conducted one further clinical assessment and made final changes. This process was repeated for 10 children ages 1-3 years old who had been identified as having mobility impairment. Results: The final cars were designed to minimize cost, weight, and size while prioritizing each child’s ability to operate the car independently and safely. The main modifications included replacing the original gas pedal with an assistive switch and constructing a support frame to ensure the child’s safety. Additional modifications such as adding a steering T-bar, adding LED lights, and varying the switch location were also implemented for specific children. Each modified car was tested to ensure client safety and car durability. Client feedback was positive, and caregivers expressed how their modified car will increase mobility for their child. Conclusions: The results from this iterative co-design process emphasize the importance of team assessment and implementation when creating assistive devices. It shows that modifying standard off-the-shelf toys to the specific needs of children with disabilities can be successful and improve their quality of life.
A Deep Dive Into Current Marker-Less Motion Capture Systems and Integrating Theia3D Outputs Into OpenSim
Authors: Azeem Komal
Published: September 2024

This project aimed to explore the various marker-less motion capture systems available for biomechanical analysis and identify the most suitable option for our laboratory. Marker-less systems are becoming more prominent in biomechanical analysis due to their non-invasive approach and reduced data collection time. Upon choosing an appropriate marker-less system, the biggest challenge was integrating the output into OpenSim, a flexible platform that provides musculoskeletal modelling. 
The initial leg of this research compared the different marker-less systems available and how accurately they compared to marker-based systems. The variables considered included accuracy, precision, hardware, coordinate system, and more. The systems included Deep Lab Cut, Theia3D, Open Pose, HRnet, DARI motion. Upon comparison, it was decided objectively that Theia3D provided the most accurate calculations, but the output produced was difficult to integrate into other 3D models. The default 3D model produced by Theia3D used Visual3D, which cannot be altered through MATLAB. As a result, the next step of the research was to produce a script that could manipulate the Theia3D data so that it could be read and imported into OpenSim.  
The subsequent phase of this research required developing the outputs of Theia3D data into a file compatible with OpenSim.  A sample script with a similar goal was provided and used as a framework for the task. The existing script provided an outline of how to process Theia3D data and extract segment angles but required a method to save the variables in an OpenSim compatible format. The final and ongoing step of the research requires this code to be integrated into MATLAB and produce a GUI that would allow specific angles to be extracted from a dataset.
Utilizing Fisheye Cameras and Mass Spectrometry Imaging to Obtain Probing Coordinates for Histological Samples
Authors: Arabov Kristina A. , Ellis Randy E.
Published: September 2024

Detecting chemical compositions in histological samples using mass spectrometry often requires time-consuming user interaction with a probe to ensure it is positioned as closely as possible to a sampling region. Fisheye cameras can obtain images of samples with a wide field-of-view; however, barrel distortion makes it difficult to analyze them as a flat plane. This research project aimed to develop an application that unwarps live images of histological samples captured with a fisheye camera and calculates the exact image-to-real-world probing coordinates with minor user interaction.
Python’s PyQt5 and OpenCV libraries were utilized to create interactive software that removes fisheye distortion, finds image-to-real-world coordinates, and segments images. Connected hardware consisted of a Prusa 3D printer, liquid micro junction-surface sampling probe, fisheye camera, and LED light strips. The printer provided a bed for capturing sample images and control of the camera and probe within 1/100 of a millimetre. The software was outlined to process at least 2 photos of checkerboards for the fisheye undistortion, capture a photo of a sample to be unwarped, and require the user to map 4 points from the image to probe coordinates. Using this approach, real-world coordinates could be found for any image location.
The application successfully unwarps live photos and converts image-to-real-world coordinates with sub-millimeter accuracy. Users can take new calibration photos, control lighting, save photos, and check undistortion entirely within the application to ensure all parameters are satisfactory. Coordinates of significant regions are displayed or may be manually selected, making it easier to sample specific areas. The success of unwarping relies on the camera’s focus and height, lighting, and object positioning. Future development plans to improve robustness and coordinate accuracy, and reduce the amount of calibration needed.
LiDAR and CAD Reconstruction of Queen's University Ontario Hall
Authors: Latzel Maya
Published: September 2024

The emergence of highly accurate LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology has opened new avenues for engaging with and understanding cultural heritage sites. How do we convert buildings like Ontario Hall into editable 3D models to engage various stakeholders in a campus setting? 
This initiative developed from the goal of MobArch (Queen's Mobile Laboratory for the study of Architecture and the Built Environment) to use non-invasive visualization technologies to understand the social, developmental, and environmental impacts upon our built environment and architectural past. Current initiatives involving LiDAR for heritage conservation investigate hidden aspects of sites or address structural disrepair. The Ontario Hall project uniquely documents the state of a heritage building before structural concerns arise.  
This project creates an accurate digital record of Ontario Hall for future infrastructure initiatives and cultural preservation. In addition, this project tests the limits of LiDAR with 3D reconstruction in CAD (Computer Aided Design) software. This project used the Leica RTC360 3D Laser Scanner to create over 300 scans with a point cloud density of 6mm. The resulting cloud was optimized using Leica Cyclone Register 360 Plus software and was imported to Sketch Up where a 3D model was manually reconstructed based on the cloud data.  
The result of this project is a SKP file containing the 3D model, and the point cloud. The cloud is a highly accurate resource for future infrastructure projects. The 3D model contains room volumes, windows, staircases, and external architectural elements in a more edit-friendly software environment allowing diverse stakeholders to creatively reimagine Ontario Hall. The model can be integrated into archives, websites, games, and VR. 
Heritage architecture can contribute to the marketing appeal and visual identity of Queen’s. Moreover, awareness of community heritage improves social wellbeing and addresses the need to connect with our built history.
Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics in Biological Systems
Authors: Naus Josef
Published: September 2024

Unlike equilibrium systems, which are characterized by a time-independent distribution of particles and energy, non-equilibrium systems experience constant fluxes of matter or energy, often due to external driving forces. These systems can exhibit a wide range of dynamic behaviors some of which can appear as self-organizing. Building on the framework of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, Jeremy England in his paper "Statistical Physics of Adaptation" derives an equation which relates the relative forwards probability of transitioning between two possible macrostates with their respective reverse probability, entropy, and average energy dissipation across all possible micro trajectories. He showed that structures which are better at absorbing and dissipating energy into their surroundings during their formation have a higher likelihood of occurring, which can possibly explain how life-like behaviors emerge in non-equilibrium systems. In this project, we test England's equation on a toy model of self replicating populations, as well as attempt to apply it to a biological dataset. In the toy model under certain constraints we do find that our intuition of the systems dynamics does track with England's equation, that is we observe that the population with the greatest replication rate tends to have the highest energy dissipation when it's population makes up the greater fraction of the total population of particles. In the biological dataset we analyze protein-protein interactions and how the relative bonding energy and binding rates compare for different mutations. We explore the limitations of his equation when trying to make predictions about highly complex biological systems.
Prevalence of the Cefazolin Inoculum Effect in Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Collected from Kingston Health Sciences Centre.
Authors: Li Nicole , Jeffs Mitchell
Published: September 2024

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that causes serious human infections, including bloodstream infections, pneumonia, deep abscesses, and bone and joint infections. Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) are S. aureus bacteria susceptible to the antibiotic methicillin. Cefazolin is the first-line antibiotic to treat MSSA infections. The cefazolin inoculum effect (CzIE) is a lab phenomenon in which S. aureus is susceptible to cefazolin at a standard bacterial inoculum but develops resistance at a higher cell inoculum. CzIE occurs when the bacteria produce beta-lactamases that degrade cefazolin, preventing the antibiotic from inhibiting cell wall synthesis and allowing bacterial growth. In theory, CzIE may lead to cefazolin treatment failure, but currently, there is insufficient evidence in the literature.
Objective: We aimed to determine the prevalence of the CzIE in patients with serious MSSA infections at Kingston Health Sciences Centre (KHSC).
Methods: Clinical MSSA isolates from patients with serious infections at KHSC were collected. The MSSA isolates were then tested for CzIE using broth microdilution testing at a standard inoculum (5×10^5 CFU/mL) and a high inoculum (5×10^7 CFU/mL). The CzIE was defined as a ≥ 4-fold increase in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) from the standard to the high and with a MIC above the resistant breakpoint of 16 µg/mL.
Results: Of the 51 MSSA isolates tested to date, 17 (33%) displayed CzIE, with 13 of the 17 (76%) requiring 64 µg/ml of antibiotic to prevent growth.
Conclusion: Our initial testing indicates that the CzIE is common in MSSA infections at KHSC. We will complete testing 100 MSSA isolates for a more precise estimate of CzIE prevalence, which will be followed up with a chart review of the patients to determine if there is a correlation between CzIE and cefazolin treatment failure.
Comparing Developer Attraction and Turnover in OSS vs. OSS4SG Projects: An MSR Study
Authors: Van Iterson Zeph
Published: September 2024

Open source for social good (OSS4SG) projects are projects whose overarching goal focuses on solving a societal issue and driving positive change. Despite the societal importance of such projects and their alignment with the open-source ideology at its very core, there is a clear lack of understanding of the unique characteristics and operational dynamics of OSS4SG projects. In this work, we use Mining Software Repository (MSR) techniques to empirically investigate the community dynamics and project characteristics of OSS4SG projects compared to OSS projects. We leveraged the GitHub API and GraphQL to mine a dataset of 290 projects (199 OSS4SG, 91 OSS) and answer our main research questions:  

RQ1: How stable are OSS4SG compared to OSS in terms of newcomers and leavers? 

RQ2: To what extent do turnover and retention of contributors change over time for OSS vs OSS4SG?  

Namely, we studied and compared the rates at which contributors joined and left OSS and OSS4SG projects at different stages of life (early, mid, late). We classified projects as attractive (high join rate and low leave rate), unattractive (low join rate and high leave rate), stable (low join rate and low leave rate), and unstable (high join rate and high leave rate). Our results show that the majority of OSS4SG projects (60%) are stable, while the majority of OSS projects (74%) are unstable. Our results also show that OSS4SG retains more of their contributors and has less turnover.  Looking at the join and leave rates for projects across different life stages, we found that the difference is significant when all stages of life and considered together. However, the difference is far less significant in the late stage of the project's lifespan, indicating that, as they mature, OSS becomes more similar to OSS4SG in terms of community dynamics.