bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy syphilis epidemic trends, clinical features, APOs risk factors, pregnancy-induced hypertension epidemics and related factors, in Northeast China Jilin Maternity Hospital 2013-2017
Authors: Hu Fangfang , Yang Huixin , Sun Lixin , Luo Jingjing , Zhang Siwen , Wang Taijun , Zhang Xiangyi , Zhen Qing
Published: April 2019

Background. It is of great public health significance to monitor the global meiosis mother-to-child transmission plan proposed by WHO and monitor the prevalence of maternal syphilis and the factors affecting mother-to-child transmission.
Methods. We collected 271 medical records of prenatally diagnosed (from 87286 pregnant women) of syphilis among pregnant women a maternity hospital in Jilin Province China from 2013 to 2017. The chi-square test and Logistic multiple regression analysis were used to describe the clinical characteristics of pregnant women with syphilis and the related factors of adverse pregnancy outcome.
Results. The average prevalence of maternal syphilis is 0.31% (95%[CI]: 0.27%-0.35%). The mean age of 271 pregnant women with syphilis is 27.62±5.4 years old. The maternal syphilis prevalence of absence of paid occupation is 73.8%; rural population accounts for 43.6%. Maternal women with a history of abortion accounted for 43.1%, of which 53.1% had abortion ≥2; The average rate of treatment in pregnancy is 25.5% (95%[CI]: 25.4%-25.6%). The prevalence rate of APOs are 43.9% (95%[CI]: 38.1%-49.9%), declined in five years (P<0.05). APOs was significantly higher in women at 30–34 age group than that in 0-24 age group (OR= 2.916, 95%CI: 1.298-6.549) and higher in Un-treatment in pregnancy than that in receive treatment (OR=2.469, 95%CI:1.225-4.975). PROM occurrence (OR=2.702, 95%CI:1.219-5.988); CRP elevation (≥10 mg/L) and RPR high titer (≥1:8) are related to the occurrence of APOs. Abortion, prematurity and low birth weight are associated with no treatment during pregnancy (P<0.05). Comparison of 42 cases of pregnancy-induced hypertension and non-pregnancy-induced hypertension, Dysmenorrhea (OR= 3.654, 95%CI:1.812-7.369) and elevated urine protein (OR= 2.259, 95%CI:1.161-4.394) are the influencing factors of maternal syphilis complicated with pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Conclusions. The prevalence of maternal syphilis in northern China is lower than that of 10 years ago, but the decline is still lower than that in the economically developed regions of the south. The rate of non-treatment of syphilis during pregnancy is high, and should be alert to the rebound of maternal syphilis.
Dynamics of the impacts of Pratylenchus penetrans on Gisela® cherry rootstocks
Authors: Forge Thomas , Neilsen Denise , Neilsen Gerry , Blatt Suzanne
Published: April 2019

Sweet cherry growers are increasingly using semi-dwarfing rootstocks, including the Gisela® series, when replanting orchards. Little is known of the susceptibility of these new cherry rootstocks to Pratylenchus penetrans, a recognized pest of temperate fruit trees worldwide. Two field experiments were planted in 2010, one in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia and one in the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia. Each experiment was a factorial combination of three rootstocks (Gi.3, Gi.5, and Gi.6) × three training systems, with six replicate four-tree plots of each of the nine combinations. Both sites were fumigated prior to planting and population densities of P. penetrans in roots and root-zone soil were subsequently monitored from 2013 through 2017. None of the P. penetrans population parameters (nematodes/kg soil, nematodes/g fine root, and nematodes/kg soil including roots) differed among rootstocks at either site, suggesting that the rootstocks did not differ in their ability to host P. penetrans. At the British Columbia site only there was an inverse relationship between P. penetrans population densities and tree size for Gi.3 trees in four years and for Gi.6 in 2017, suggesting that Gi.3 rootstock is less tolerant than Gi.5 and Gi.6 rootstocks.
Spatial Distribution of Soil Phosphorus, Calcium, and pH after Long‐term Broiler Litter Application
Authors: Jiang Ying‐Ying , Sun Zhong‐Xiu , Owens Phillip R. , Adhikari Kabindra , Wang Qiu‐Bing , Dorantes Minerva J. , Read John J. , Ashworth Amanda J. , Libohova Zamir
Published: April 2019

Water movement over and through soil is largely driven by topography and soil management across landscapes. This research tested the hypothesis that the water movement determines the potential for P and Ca redistribution and pH variance across landscapes. This hypothesis was evaluated by using digital elevation model‐derived terrain attributes in fields after 55 yr of broiler litter applications on pastures in Smith County, Mississippi. Results show that soils receiving broiler litter had mean Mehlich‐3 P levels of 1221.8 mg kg−1 at 0‐ to 15‐cm depth and 618.6 mg kg−1 at 15‐ to 30‐cm depth, and Ca with mean values of 768.3 and 645.0 mg kg−1 at 0‐ to 15‐cm and 15‐ to 30‐cm soil depths, respectively. Across fields, soils in areas of predicted convergent flow contained higher P, Ca, and lower pH values in the upper 0 to 15 cm, suggesting contributions via surface overland flow from areas with higher elevation and lower slope gradient. On the other hand, soils in areas with lesser slope and higher elevation also contained high levels of P, Ca, and pH for the subsurface soil depth, suggesting that vertical flow of water on this landscape is a mechanism for movement of P and Ca deeper in the profile. The incorporation of topographic characteristics across fields offers promising results that may be incorporated into improved P indices and management, making them more robust indicators of P mobilization to waterways.

Core Ideas

Overland and vertical water flow is a mechanism for redistribution of P and Ca.

The selected terrain attribute model provides insight for landscape nutrient distribution.

Terrain attribute knowledge helps sampling and targeting best management practices.
Determinants of behavior of inflation rate in Nigeria
Authors: Uchenna Okoye Lawrence , O. Olokoyo Felicia , N. Ezeji Felix , I. Okoh Johnson , O. Evbuomwan Grace
Published: April 2019

Inflation is an important macroeconomic issue that has continued to dominate discussions at major economic fora over time. Governments all over the world are concerned about its rising trend because of its pervasive effect on economic performance. One intriguing fact about inflation is that it is both the cause and effect of certain policy actions of government. Several studies have been conducted on the effect of inflation on economic activities in developing and developed nations, but studies on its cause, particularly in developing nations, are scant. This paper aims at identifying major factors that cause inflation in Nigeria. Based on the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimation method, the study shows empirical support for significant impact of external debt, exchange rate, fiscal deficits, money supply and economic growth on inflation. It further shows previous period or lagged inflation rate as a significant determinant of current inflation rate. However, the study produced no evidence of significant longrun impact of interest rate on the rate of inflation in Nigeria. The study recommends economic reforms that target foreign exchange inflow through increased export trade, as well as a paradigm shift away from deficit budgeting. There is also a need for infrastructural and institutional reforms to eliminate or, at least, minimize the impact of structural inequity on output prices.
Personnel vs. Social Company Policy on the Modern Market
Authors: Карасёва Ксения , Karasyova Kseniya
Published: April 2019

The paper features the personnel and the social company policies and their interdependence. It contains classical definitions, as well as basic directions of staff management and personnel policy. In addition, the paper introduces an authentic definition of personnel policy. Social policy is interpreted from the point of view of "narrow" and "broad" approaches. Formation and implementation of personnel and social policies are regarded as key conditions for the effective functioning of business under the influence of market relations, competition and social orientation of companies. The author's vision of the correlation and interrelation between the personnel and social policies is revealed through their general characteristics. Personnel and social policies are inextricably linked. Their aim is to increase productivity by narrowing the gap between the interests of the employees and the interests of the organization.
Intrafirm Culture of Knowledge Update: Humanistic Approach
Authors: Жернов Евгений , Zhernov Evgeny
Published: April 2019

The present research features the culture of knowledge in the organization (firm). The purpose of the research is to substantiate the need to apply the humanistic approach to the formation of a culture of knowledge in the personnel policy of a modern firm. The research employed a qualitative analysis of knowledge orientation in the typologies of organizational culture. The author determines the areas of application of types of organizational culture according to their orientation on the knowledge of workers. The paper reveals the main and almost the only way to transfer tacit knowledge – socialization and its form, mentoring. The author proposes to create knowledge bases of intrafirm professional communities as the joint ownership of employees who possess personal knowledge. The results can be used for the development of the personnel and social policies of the firm, taking into account the proposed humanistic approach to the formation of the culture of knowledge and its update. Conclusions: 1. The culture of knowledge as a source of its update should be considered in personnel management, and not in knowledge management, since knowledge is the personal property of employees, not firms. 2. Organizations should create not corporate knowledge bases, but knowledge bases of intrafirm professional communities. 3. The proposed humanistic approach will ensure the creation of the cognitive environment that is adequate to the culture of knowledge, which in turn, will give a positive socio-economic effect to the activities of the organization (firm) by updating the knowledge of its employees.
Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Novel 5-amino-2-alkyl/glycosylthio-1,3,4- thiadiazoles: Regioselective Alkylation and Glycosylation of the 5-amino-1,3,4- thiadiazole-2-thiol Scaffold
Authors: El Ashry El Sayed H. , Ramadan El Sayed , Amer Mohammed R. , El Kilany Yeldez , Badawy Mohamed E. I. , Rabea Entsar I.
Published: April 2019

Objective:

5-Amino-2-alkyl/glycosylthio-1,3,4-thiadiazoles have been synthesized by the reaction of
5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol with a variety of alkylating agents or glycosyl halides in the presence of
anhydrous potassium carbonate in dry acetone.

Methods:

The structures of the newly synthesized compounds have been established based on their spectral
data (FT-IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR) and mass spectrometry. They were tested for their antioxidant behaviour by
the use of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. The in silico
pharmacokinetics ADME properties of the potent antioxidant compounds were investigated by using Accelrys
Discovery Studio (DS) 2.5 software.

Results and Conclusion:

Regioselective alkylation and glycosylation of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol
were noticed during its reaction with alkylating agents and glycosyl halides. Alkylating agents gave the Sfunctionalized
derivatives, while the acetylated glycosyl halides afforded the S-glycosylated products together
with their respective N-acetyl derivatives. The benzoylated glycosyl halide behaved in a different manner and
gave N-glycoside analogue of 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2(3H)-thione, in addition to the expected sulfanyl S-glycoside.
Most of the synthesized compounds showed noticeable antioxidant activity with respect to ceftriaxone as a
standard drug. Some of the most active compounds showed acceptable predicted pharmacokinetics and druglikeness
properties.
Determination of Inorganic Element Concentrations in Nardostachys jatamansi DC
Authors: Jin Qian , Li Ying , Qun Pei , Xiang Haiyan , Yin Qiaozhi , Liu Yuan
Published: April 2019

Background::

Nardostachys jatamansi DC. is indigenous to the Himalayan regions of India
and Tibetan plateau of China, and widely used as drugs for treating various neurological disorders, insomnia,
hysteria and depressive illness. However, beyond the huge efforts to the organic components in
N. jatamansi, the elemental contents have not been investigated, which are important for the quality
control and biosafety evaluation of N. jatamansi.

Objective::

In this study, we quantified the element concentrations in N. jatamansi.

Methods::

Twenty-five N. jatamansi samples were collected in Sichuan, Tibet, Qinghai and Gansu provinces.
The samples were digested and subjected to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer
(ICP-OES) measurements.

Results::

The results indicated that Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pd, Si, Sr,
Ti and Zn were detected in N. jatamansi samples. The chemometrics approaches indicated that N. jatamansi
samples from Sichuan and Tibet shared similar elemental patterns. The altitude did not statistically
influence the elemental patterns of N. jatamansi samples, while the K, P, Ba and Cd showed meaningful
decreases. The high Ba contents in all samples suggested the potential toxicity of heavy metal to
patients.

Conclusion::

The inorganic element quantification of N. jatamansi is useful in the genuine regional drug
identification, quality control and biosafety evaluations.
Borderland and Borderline: Understanding and Treating Adolescent Migrants in Crisis
Authors: Streeck-Fischer Annette
Published: April 2019

Background::

Much of the literature on adolescent refugees has focused on their
experiences of trauma, and trauma-focused psychotherapy has been emphasized. In addition
to having experienced trauma, adolescents with refugee or migration backgrounds are confronted
with distinct challenges in the process of identity formation. These problems result
from the normal processes of identity formation and restructuring during adolescence (the socalled
second individuation phase) complicated by their transition from their culture of origin
to the new culture. This process has been called a third individuation phase. These teenagers
live on the border between two worlds and are called borderland adolescents.

Method::

This paper describes the developmental processes of young migrants, using case
examples to illustrate how the migrant experience affects development, particularly identity
development.

Discussion::

Splitting, which is part of normal adolescent development, also occurs during the
process of adaptation to a new culture. Although the process of splitting can support the integration
into the new culture, it can also lead to dangerous polarization with borderline features. It is
important to take this into account in psychotherapeutic work with borderland adolescents.
Effect of Cropping Pattern and Fertilizer Dose Applied in Raised-Bed on The Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Sunken-Bed of The Surjan Rice Field
Authors: Suryaningndari Damar , Indradewa Didik , Kurniasih Budiastuti , Sulistyaningsih Endang
Published: April 2019

Surjan system (alternating bed system) is an agricultural system that combines dry and wet bedding system. It integrates food crop culture in the sunken-bed and annual crops in the raised-bed of the rainfed rice field. In Bantul, farmers commonly apply Surjan system in rice field by growing shallot (Allium cepa L. aggregatum group) and chili (Capsicum annuum L.) in the raised-bed, whereas no crop is grown in the sunken-bed. This present experiment evaluated the utilization of the sunken-bed for rice cultivation by utilizing fertilizer runoff from the raised-bed. Rice plants in the sunken-bed were not fertilized due to the expectation that it could utilize the fertilizer runoff from the raised-bed. The cropping pattern and the fertilizer dose in the raised-bed are suspected to affect the growth and yield of rice in the sunken-bed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cropping pattern and fertilizer dose applied in raised-bed on the growth and yield of rice in sunken-bed of the Surjan rice field. This study were laid out in a split plot design with three replication. The main plot consists of two cropping pattern, namely shallot monoculture and intercropping shallot with chili. The fertilizer dose applied in raised-bed, namely 100% farmer's habit; 50% farmer’s habit; and 25% farmers' habit, occupying the sub plot. Dose of fertilizer applied in riased- bed according to the farmer's habit in research locatin is 622 kg NPK/ha (16-16-16) ; 228 kg ZA/ha and 76 kg KCl/ha. The results showed that there was no interaction between the cropping pattern and the fertilizer dose applied in the raised-bed on the growth and yield of rice in the sunken-bed. Compared with shallot monoculture, intercropping shallot with chili in raised-bed decreased the growth of rice in the sunken-bed. Compared with the 100% fertilizer dosage of farmer's habits, the fertilizer dose of 50% of the farmer's habits in the raised-bed increased the growth of rice in the sunken-bed. Cropping pattern and fertilizer dose in the raised-bed did not significantly affect the rice yield grown in the sunken-bed of the Surjan rice field.
Construction and Characterization of Organic Solar Cell and Study the Operational Properties
Authors: Majeed Majid H. , Kareem Mohamed Abdul , Ali Esraa H.
Published: April 2019

أستعملت الخلايا الشمسية العضوية (OSCs) في الآونة الاخيرة بشكل واسع. هذا البحث يتضمن تصنيع الخلايا الشمسية العضوية  العادية ودراسة خصائصها الكهربائية والضوئية مثل كفاءة تحويل الطاقة (PCE) ومعامل التعبئة (FF)  وتأثير مختلف الاطوال الموجية على ذلك النوع من الخلايا.
تتضمن الخلية الشمسية قطبا شفافا من أوكسيد قصدير الانديوم (زجاجة –ITO) وطبقة فعالة من المانح والمستقبل مكونة من بولي (3-هيكسيلثيوفين-2،5-دييل) (P3HT) و بولي (9،9-ديوكتيل فلورين-ألت-بنزوثياديازول (F8BT) فضلا عن طبقة من بولي (3،4-إثيلينيدوكسيثيوفين) بولي- (ستيرين سلفونات) (PEDOT: PSS ) الذي يستعمل طبقة ناقلة للشحنات الموجبة.
تم إستعمال تقنية الطلاء بالغزل الدوراني حيث استخدم مزيج (BHJ) لتحسين أداء السطح البيني للمانح والمستقبل. تم الفحص بوساطة  إلكتروميتر لقياس التوصيلية الكهربية للتيار المستمر -Keithley 6517(B   ومطياف الاستجابة الطيفية لأجل الحصول على مخطط التيار والفولتية فضلا عن مخطط الاستجابة الطيفية.
كانت نتائج العينات الثلاثة (الاولى والثانية والثالثة ) للخلايا العادية: بالنسبة لمعامل التعبئة كانت نتائج العينات هي (2.888) و (0.233) و (0.28) على التوالي وبالنسبة لكفاءة تحويل الطاقة كانت نتائج العينات  (0.0055) و (3.333  10-6) و (0.0004) على التوالي، مأخوذة من مخطط التيار والفولتية، وهي تمثل الخواص الكهربائية حيث لوحظ تأثير المقاومة المتسلسلة على كفاءة الخلية.
بينما لوحظ تأثير عملية التصنيع في الاستجابة الطيفية للخلايا اللشمسية فكان لتغيير سرع الدوران لجهاز الطلاء بالغزل الدوراني تأثيير في كفأءة الكم الخارجية (EQE) والتي اعطت نتائج (0.000022%) و  (0.000068%)  و (0.000021%)لعينات تم طلاء الطبقة الفعالة منها بسرع (2000) و (3000) و (2500) rpm على التوالي.
Para a boa administração da justiça: a inserção dos Juízes de Fora e a promoção de mudanças no judiciário da Colônia no final do século XVII
Authors: Carmo Marcelo Lunardi
Published: April 2019

A historiografia que trata sobre a inserção dos juízes de fora, credita a criação desses cargos a uma tentativa da coroa de aumentar seu controle sobre as câmaras de importantes cidades. No presente artigo pretendemos demonstrar que as motivações das autoridades régias ultrapassavam a esfera econômica. A aplicação da justiça na colônia estava numa situação muito precária, e era necessário intervir para alterar esse contexto. Além da nomeação dos juízes de fora, outras medidas foram empreendidas no período visando uma reestruturação do judiciário do Brasil.
Olhares de vigilância contra os cristãos-novos antes e durante a primeira visitação da inquisição à Capitania de Pernambuco
Authors: Andrade Priscila Gusmão , Apolinário Juciene Ricarte
Published: April 2019

O presente artigo analisa a presença dos cristãos-novos na Capitania de Pernambuco ao longo do século XVI. A partir das denunciações que resultaram da Primeira Visitação da Inquisição ao Brasil, e a presença do visitador na Capitania supracitada, entre os anos de 1593 a 1595, procura-se perceber como se davam os olhares de vigilância sobre os cristãos-novos por parte da população de cristãos-velhos, desde antes da chegada do representante do tribunal por essas terras. Mesmo que as relações fossem construídas de forma mais branda na América portuguesa, em comparação com as pressões sofridas pelos cristãos-novos em Portugal, ainda assim, a vigilância estava presente no cotidiano dessas relações.
Primeira República em Pernambuco: flagelos da representação política (1904-1911)
Authors: Zacarias Audenice Alves
Published: April 2019

O presente artigo analisa a governança eleitoral e o rompimento do domínio da mais poderosa oligarquia de Pernambuco na Primeira República. Na historiografia nacional foi solidificada a interpretação de que, entre 1889 e 1930, as oligarquias regionais eram mantidas no poder pela prática da fraude, o controle sobre o voto do eleitor e a hegemonia política dos partidos republicanos. Neste trabalho ratificamos tal percepção evidenciando a escolha do Congresso Federal em recusar a judicialização como tentativa para legitimar o ritual eleitoral. Deste modo, nem mesmo a inédita participação ativa de eleitores e marginalizados do direito do voto na eleição pernambucana de 1911, que resultou na queda da oligarquia Rosa e Silva, foi capaz de prover a reconfiguração necessária no sistema representativo do novo regime.
Avaliação dos Dados Abertos da Previdência Social
Authors: Oliveira Douglas Gomes de , Orlando Filho Ovidio
Published: April 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se os dados abertos, disponibilizados pela Previdencia Social, no Portal dados.gov.br, garantem ao cidadão atendimento de qualidade, pois dispor de meios de acessa-las e uma das principais caracteristicas de um Estado Democratico. Sendo assim, para prover informação aos cidadãos, o governo brasileiro criou,  em 2012, o Portal dados.gov.br, com o objetivo de ser o ponto central para a busca, o acesso e uso dos dados abertos brasileiros. O estudo julgou o Portal e as publicacoes de dados da Previdencia Social, utilizando abordagem avaliativa centrada nos especialistas, a partir de tres dimensoes: Diretrizes, Transparencia e Utilidade da Informação. Utilizou as dimensoes para criar um questionario com 70 perguntas com a finalidade de prover respostas às questoes avaliativas. O instrumento foi validado por tres especialistas em Avaliação e, logo apos, reformulado e submetido a 23 especialistas de diversas areas. A avaliação permitiu julgar que a Previdencia Social nao apenas cumpre as leis e as normas estipuladas para a publicação dos dados abertos, como tambem aplica boas práticas. Ainda ao julgar o grau de Transparencia dos Dados Abertos, apurou-se um resultado parcialmente satisfatorio, indicando a necessidade de sanar deficiencias, tanto nos conjuntos de dados, quanto no Portal. Avaliou tambem que os Dados Abertos publicados pela Instituicao sao relevantes e satisfazem às necessidades de informação dos cidadãos, mas em virtude de a Previdencia Social possuir uma base de dados repleta de informações importantes, o estudo apontou que acoes devem ser tomadas para a ampliação dos conjuntos de dados publicados no Portal dados.gov.br.
Uma Análise Contextualizada dos Resultados das Escolas Públicas Brasileiras
Authors: Moraes Joysi , Menezes Daniel Teixeira de , Dias Bruno Francisco Batista
Published: April 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma analise contextualizada dos desempenhos das escolas públicas brasileiras. Este tipo de analise permite conhecer em que condicoes as escolas chegaram aos resultados obtidos. Foi utilizada a Analise Envoltoria de Dados que possibilita verificar como os recursos disponiveis nas escolas influenciam seus resultados. Constatou-se que, quando se considera o ponto de partida das escolas, unidades em contextos socioeconômicos mais vulneraveis podem apresentar eficiencia similar ou ate superior a unidades em contextos socioeconômicos mais favoraveis. No entanto, escolas em contextos socioeconômicos mais favoraveis apresentam maior homogeneidade de resultados. A quantidade de horas-aulas diarias e a variavel definidora da eficiencia das escolas. Porem, escolas em contextos socioeconômicos mais vulneraveis possuem a maior quantidade de professores sem a formação adequada para as disciplinas que lecionam e oferecem menor número de horas-aulas diarias aos educandos.
THE EAEU IN A CHANGING GEOPOLITICAL CONTEXT: PRIORITIES FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
Authors: Meshkova Tatyana A , Izotov Vladimir S , Demidkina Olga V , Kofner Jurij C
Published: April 2019

The article focuses on the international activity of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) as an actor in the global economy with a full-fledged legal standing. It analyzes the current state of Eurasian integration within international cooperation and spotlights its correlations with intergovernmental organizations and integration associations. By means of examining the Eurasian Economic Commission’s (EEC’s) regulatory documents, the Main Directions of the EAEU International Activities for 2019 and the agenda of the Russian EAEU presidency in 2018, the author determines key conceptual approaches to evaluation and prognosis of the EAEU integration strategy. By applying comparative analysis, the author studies the experience of other integration associations relevant to the EAEU. The article determines the highestpotential models of EAEU international cooperation with due regard to the unstable global economic and geopolitical context. The author points out priority directions of the EAEU cooperation with an eye on strategic interests of the Russian Federation, differentiating them according to geographic areas of focus and taking into account the current state, risks and opportunities. The author concludes the article by giving recommendations on the implementation of the international agenda of the EAEU on a long-, midand short-term horizon. The author offers her ideas on further development of the EAEU international cooperation with a view to maximizing economic benefits for both Russia and the Union with future partnership in mind.
Técnicas de correlação no delineamento de feições rodoviárias em imagens de baixa e média resolução
Authors: MENDES Tatiana Sussel Gonçalves , DAL POZ Aluir Porfírio , FAZAN Antonio Juliano
Published: April 2019

Este artigo apresenta um método para o delineamento seqüencial de rodovias em imagens digitais. O método é baseado em um laço de realimentação entre os passos de extrapolação e refinamento para um determinado ponto do eixo central da rodovia, usando, em ambos os passos, técnicas de correlação. Primeiramente, um ponto do eixo central da rodovia, previamente extraído, é linearmente extrapolado, resultando numa posição aproximada. Em seguida, esta posição aproximada é corrigida comparando os perfis de níveis de cinza extraídos transversalmente à direção da extrapolação. Esta estratégia é então repetida até que todo o eixo central da rodovia seja extraído ou até que um ponto de parada seja encontrado. Para inicializar o processo de extração, o operador necessita fornecer a posição, a direção e a largura em um ponto inicial. Os resultados experimentais obtidos a partir da aplicação do método em dados reais são apresentados e discutidos neste artigo.
Compartimentação fisiográfica do município de Peruíbe, litoral de São Paulo - uma abordagem metodológica como subsídio à avaliação geotécnica de terrenos
Authors: CARDOSO Daniel , RIEDEL Paulina Setti , BROLLO Maria José
Published: April 2019

Este artigo apresenta o método empregado no município litorâneo de Peruíbe, composto pela aplicação de técnicas de interpretação de produtos de sensoriamento e levantamentos de campo para a individualização de unidades básicas de análise do terreno, denominadas de Unidades Básicas de Compartimentação (UBCs). Estas unidades expressam a menor superfície do terreno interpretada a partir dos seus elementos fisiográficos, e que possuem no seu interior as mesmas propriedades geotécnicas. São unidades facilmente agrupáveis e funcionam como objetos de armazenamento de informações, que podem subsidiar os zoneamentos geotécnicos, facilitando a análise das potencialidades e fragilidades do meio físico e de sua suscetibilidade a processos naturais e antrópicos. Foram individualizadas sessenta e oito unidades dentro das quais foram inferidas propriedades de interesse geotécnico a partir de critérios fotointerpretativos, levando em consideração as propriedades texturais da imagem, calibradas por observações de campo. O método mostrou-se facilmente reprodutível, sendo especialmente interessante para regiões com carência de mapas básicos, o que impossibilita o estabelecimento de zonas homogêneas através do tradicional cruzamento de informações de diferentes temas.
Petrologia do magmatismo básico do Cerro Morado na bacia triássica Ischigualasto-Villa Unión (NW da Argentina)
Authors: ALEXANDRE Felipe Marcelo , SOMMER Carlos Augusto , LIMA Evandro Fernandes de , CHEMALE Farid , MARSICANO Claudia Alicia , MANCUSO Adriana , BROD José Affonso
Published: April 2019

Estudos realizados no Cerro Morado, localizado no Parque Provincial Ischigualasto - Vale de la Luna (norte da Província de San Juan - Argentina), permitiram a identificação e a caracterização de rochas hipabissais básicas subsaturadas em sílica e de afinidade alcalina. Este magmatismo é provavelmente relacionado com a reativação extensional de estruturas paleozóicas decorrentes da ruptura do supercontinente Gondwana. As rochas hipabissais do Cerro Morado ocorrem como um corpo tabular e intrusivo concordantemente com as rochas sedimentares da Formação Chañares (Triássico Médio), correlacionada à bacia triássica Ischigualasto - Villa Unión. A porção basal da soleira é constituída por olivina diabásio, dominantemente porfirítico,com fenocristais de plagioclásio, clinopiroxênio e, raramente, olivina, e uma matriz hipocristalina fina constituída pelos mesmos minerais, além de minerais opacos, apatita e vidro. As texturas traquítica, intergranular e ofítica também são comuns. As porções intermediária e de topo são caracterizadas principalmente por rochas tefríticas porfiríticas, com fenocristais de plagioclásio, feldspatóide e clinopiroxênio, e matriz equigranular fina de mesma composição. A aplicação de classificações químicas para as rochas do Cerro Morado deve ser feita com cautela, devido aos altos valores de perda ao fogo das amostras analisadas. O comportamento doselementos maiores e traços sugere que o fracionamento mineral foi o principal processo de diferenciação magmática. O valores de LILE, HFSE e ETR são similares aos de basaltos alcalinos intraplaca. Os elevados conteúdos destes elementos, associados às razões entre os elementos incompatíveis, sugerem uma fonte mantélica enriquecida e heterogênea. O enriquecimento em Sr, K, Rb e Ba pode ser resultante da modificação de uma fonte mantélica por fluidos aquososoriginados da subducção de uma crosta oceânica. Dados preliminares de Rb-Sr e Sm-Nd sugerem fontes mantélicas múltiplas, incluindo reservatórios isotópicos do tipo HIMU, com leve influência de componente mantélico enriquecido.
Padrões morfológicos das geleiras da ilha Brabant, Antártica
Authors: AHLERT Siclério , SIMÕES Jefferson Cardia
Published: April 2019

A morfologia e a variação frontal das geleiras do campo de gelo da ilha Brabant, oeste da Península Antártica, foi estudada com o uso de imagens de satélite, estas obtidas pelos satélites LANDSAT 5 e 7 em 1989 e 2001. A metodologia do trabalho está baseada na interpretação integrada de diferentes dados e mapeamentos dos fatores controladores da dinâmica e morfologia dos limites das bacias de drenagem glacial, usando um sistema de informação geográfica. Setenta e seis bacias de drenagem glacial foram identificadas no campo de gelo que recobre a ilha, determinadas pelo controle estrutural do embasamento, responsável pelas diferenças morfológicas existentes entre as bacias glaciais do setor oeste e leste, que são realçadas pelas condições climáticas e oceanográficas encontradas nos dois setores da costa. A variação glacial é basicamente controlada pela topografia e secundariamente, pelas condições climáticas. A área da ilha em 1989 era de 916 km2 , sendo que 98,5% estavam recoberta por gelo. No período compreendido entre 1989 e 2001, 23 geleiras apresentaram variação na sua porção frontal, onde 18 apresentaram retração e 5 avançaram. O balanço dessas variações resultou numa perda de 2,7 km2 na área da ilha.
A memória geológica do centro antigo de Porto Alegre: o registro da evolução urbana nos prédios históricos e no urbanismo da cidade
Authors: PHILIPP Ruy Paulo , VARGAS Jacira Anton , Di BENEDETTI Verônica
Published: April 2019

Uma parte importante da memória de uma cidade fica guardada em seu patrimônio arquitetônico, que descreve o passar do tempo através de sua evolução urbana e paisagística. Esta evolução pode ser observada através de obras como prédios públicos, monumentos, parques e praças. A passagem do Império para a República ainda mostra-se preservada no centro de Porto Alegre, capital do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, através de edificações e traços da paisagem urbana. O desenvolvimento da cidade e o modelamento do seu urbanismo estão intrinsecamente relacionados com o substrato rochoso da cidade. O relevo montanhoso associado às rochas graníticas condicionou a localização e o desenvolvimento do centro da cidade. Estes materiais rochosos foram utilizados para construir a realidade física da cidade. Aassociação das informações geológicas e arquitetônicas com a história estabelece uma visão diferenciada da conservação do patrimônio histórico e permite visualizar os traços do tempo naurbanização e no paisagismo de Porto Alegre. Este trabalho apresenta uma contribuição da geologia na preservação do patrimônio histórico e aprofunda o conhecimento sobre o espaço em que vivemos.
Variações temporais da linha de costa em praias arenosas dominadas por ondas do sudeste da Ilha de Santa Catarina (Florianópolis, SC, Brasil)
Authors: MAZZER Alexandre , DILLENBURG Sérgio
Published: April 2019

A variação da linha de costa ocorre em diversas escalas temporais, sendo a escala inferior a 100 anos especialmente importante para o contexto humano. Na Ilha de Santa Catarina(SC), problemas decorrentes de ocupação e uso da orla marítima de forma desordenada ocasionaram problemas de erosão costeira e perda de qualidade ambiental. Neste sentido, foi realizada uma avaliação da variação da linha de costa, abrangendo os períodos de 64 e 4 anos, de forma a contemplar a escala interdecadal e interanual, em cinco praias da costa sudeste da Ilha de Santa Catarina. A obtenção dos dados foi realizada através de aerofotos, digitalizadas e tratadas, utilizando técnicas e ferramentas de geoprocessamento. A variação média em escala interdecadal demonstrou uma taxa média superior a meio metro anual de recuo da linha de costa e perda de faixa média de largura de praia inferior a cinqüenta metros em 64 anos. Já em escalainteranual os valores apresentaram-se inferiores, porém, com grande variação, apresentando localmente taxas de variação até quatro vezes superiores à escala interdecadal. No entanto, nem todas as praias apresentaram tendência erosiva. A variação entre os períodos analisados indicou que processos de períodos mais curtos são suavizados com o aumento do horizonte temporal de análise, permitindo ressaltar a tendência de variação num contexto temporal mais abrangente. Tal abordagem permitiu explorar a variação da linha de costa sob diferentes perspectivas temporais, gerando subsídios relevantes ao planejamento e gerenciamento costeiro.
Identificação de Rochas Ultramáficas por Imagens Digitais TM - Landsat 5 no Escudo Sul-rio-grandense, RS
Authors: SALDANHA DEJANIRA LUDERITZ , CUNHA MARIA DO CARMO LIMA E CUNHA DO CARMO LIMA E , DANNI JOSÉ CARUSO MORESCO
Published: April 2019

Principal Components of Landsat TM images were used aiming to identify occurrences of ultramafic rocks in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Principal Component involving the pairs of bands TM1-TM5, TM4-TM2 and TM5-TM7 showed to be the best for the purposes of the study. Field surveys confirmed the results obtained by digital processing of the images.
Visualização Volumétrica Aplicada às Geociências
Authors: IESCHECK ANDREA LOPES , SLUTER CLAUDIA ROBBI , DEDECEK RENATO ANTÔNIO
Published: April 2019

This paper is on volume visualization of spatial data. It aims at showing new possibilities to visualize three-dimensional phenomena such as geology, soils, geophysics, seismic and the like. The use of volumes in the evaluation processes allows one to visualize and to explore the phenomenon as a continuous body in space, thus incorporating the third dimension in cartography. The volumetric visualization is a branch of scientific visualization that has shown a fast growth and its goal is to comprehend the internal structure and the behavior of three-dimensional volumetric objects. Volumetric visualization depends on the interaction. We must, therefore, interact with the volume trough rotations, cuts and other forms of graphic manipulation, seeking the complete information. The methodology of this research entails the acquisition of three-dimensional data, three-dimensional interpolation, as well as volume formation and visualization by means of three-dimensional Geographic Information System and volumetric visualization software. Soil’s data were interpolated in order to be continuously represented in three-dimensional space. The outcome of volume representations of physical and chemical properties is a new way to visualize the soil and a new source of knowledge to the study of this phenomenon.
Áreas Fontes dos Minerais Pesados e sua Distribuição sobre a Plataforma Continental Sul-brasileira, Uruguaia e Norte-argentina
Authors: CORRÊA IRAN CARLOS STALLIVIERE , ZOUAIN RICARDO NORBERTO AYUP , WESCHENFELDER JAIR , TOMAZELLI LUIZ JOSÉ
Published: April 2019

The heavy mineral fraction of sedimentary rocks and sediments can provide important information about provenance in sedimentary basins studies because some minerals or group of minerals can be traced to a source rock or terrain of specific composition. This work is a provenance study based on heavy mineral analyses of samples collected on the Rio Grande do Sul (southern Brazil), Uruguay and north of Argentine continental shelf (between 29º30´ and 37º 30´ south latitude and 48º 30´ and 56º 30´ west longitude). The fine and very fine sand fractions (2-4 Φ) were selected for heavy mineral analysis employing bromoform (S.G.= 2.65). The quantitative analysis was made using a microscope for the mineral identification and the counting of 300 grains from each sample, in a total of 106 samples. Multivariate data analysis was applied for mineralogical analysis, principally the RQmode vector. Four principal assemblages were defined applying this technique revealing the main source as well as the dispersal patterns for the sediments. The first component was dominated by augite indicating a panpean-patagonic source. The second component was dominated by hornblende and hypersthene minerals, indicating a provenance from Precambrian terrains with basaltic influence. The third component was marked by the dominance of tourmaline, staurolite, epidote and kyanite reflecting a source from the Precambrian metamorphic terrains. Finally, the four components with apatite, zircon and sillimanite minerals were dispersed by the Rio de La Plata system.
Urban Street Pollutants
Authors: POLETO Cristiano , MERTEN GUSTAVO HENRIQUE
Published: April 2019

The sediments carried by runoff water are an important part of this process because their presence in the bodies of water not only cause sedimentation problems but, mainly, they contaminate the water due to the presence of the pollutants found associated with sediments. The urban subwatershed under study is located in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre city, Brazil. This paper aims to present the relation between pollutants on the street sediments and in suspended sediment sampled in the river. The collections of suspended sediment samples begun in the end of 2003 and finished in the end of 2006. Collections of urban dust samples (47 samples per km²) were taken in the main diffuse sources of the urban environment, represented by paved and non-paved streets, beyond the area with remaining vegetation, in some points of the bed river and in its margins. During these analyses, it was studied 29 samples of fluvial suspended sediments. The elements selected for this study are some of the most frequently found in high concentrations in urban areas (Zn, Pb and Cu). The results suggest it is occurring a high enrichment of the local sediment with these metals. The concentrations of these elements vary temporally during storms due the input of road runoff containing elevated concentrations of elements associated with vehicular traffic and other anthropogenic activities. In general, they have their most concentrations on the streets but they are carried to the channel during the storms.
A Técnica de Difração de Elétrons Retro-Espalhados (EBSD) em Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (MEV) e sua Aplicação no Estudo de Rochas Deformadas
Authors: MORALES LUIZ FERNANDO GRAFULHA , HINRICHS RUTH , FERNANDES LUÍS ALBERTO D’ÁVILA
Published: April 2019

The electron backscattered diffraction technique in the scanning electron microscope (EBSD/SEM) is based on the diffraction of a high-energy electron beam by the crystalline structure of a given material, in all possible directions within the sample. Some of the diffracted electrons escape from the specimen with virtually the same initial energy, interact with a phosphorescent screen and the generated EBSP pattern can be picked up with a low-luminosity charge couple device (CCD) camera. These patterns can be indexed using pre-determined patterns for a large variety of minerals, which allows the determination of complete orientation of each single mineral within an aggregate. In this paper we briefly discuss the physical aspects related to the diffraction of an electron beam by crystalline matter and how the EBSP patterns are generated. We also present a short introduction of the necessary instruments to acquire EBSD data, as well as the calibration procedures, acquisition and indexing software of EBSPs. The pitfalls of the technique and possible error sources are also discussed with examples. Considering the scarce availability of literature on geological sample preparation, the polishing method of silicate-rich rocks for EBSP is described in detail in the last part of this paper.
Significados Paleoambientais e Paleoclimáticos dos Paleossolos: Uma Revisão
Authors: PIERINI CRISTINA , MIZUSAKI ANA MARIA PIMENTEL
Published: April 2019

The majority of paleosols are described from continental deposits, most commonly from alluvial strata. In these continental records to much little is revealed of conditions between events of sedimentation. In alluvial sedimentary environments, a record of these conditions is not lost and gone forever. They may be interpreted from fossil soils formed on deposits of floods or others agents of deposition. Paleosols can be categorized according to the interplay among deposition, erosion, and the rate of pedogenesis when they formed. Paleosols can help to interpret the history of sediment deposition and the autogenic and allogenic processes that influenced a sedimentary basin. Paleosols are also helpful in stratigraphic studies, including sequence stratigraphic analyses. In addition to their stratigraphic applications, paleosols can be used to interpret landscapes of the past by analyzing paleosol-landscape associations at different spatial scales, ranging from local to basin-wide in scope. Ancient climatic conditions can be interpreted from modern soil analogs or by identifying particular pedogenic properties that modern studies show to have climatic significance. Stable carbon and oxygen isotopic composition are also used to interpret ancient climate. A variety of features of sequences of paleosols may provide quantifiable evidence of the causes and effects of paleoenvironmental change. Paleosols are abundant in some sequences and may provide a detail record of the past. The richness of this record reveals complexities which are fundamental to understanding the long-term accumulation of such sequences.
Análise e Avaliação dos Problemas Existentes na Fachada de Arenito do Museu Júlio de Castilhos, Porto Alegre, RS
Authors: DI BENEDETTI VERÔNICA , PHILIPP RUY PAULO , DE CAMPOS ROBERTO SACKS
Published: April 2019

The Júlio de Castilhos museum of Porto Alegre, formerly used as residence, was built in 1877 by a military engineer Catão Roxo. This building is one of the few examples of urban architecture from the last part of the nineteenth century. Its façade is covered by arenitic and granitic rocks quarried near the city. The covering shows the effects of weathering processes occurred during many years. Some of these were observed during a façade mapping as loss of rocky materials, discoloration, chemical deposition, desintegration and fracturing. Petrographic analyses of the arenite indicate an arcosean composition, rich in quartz, with plagioclase and alkali-feldspar (microcline) and opaque minerals in lesser amounts. The grains have a fine layer of iron oxide (hematite) clad, with a fringe of siliceous cement. The remained pores are filled by clay minerals, mainly illite. The elevated degree of compactation and diagenesis are responsible for the high coherence of the rock, allowing its use as covering rock. The petrographic features (textures and mineralogical composition) indicate that the arenites used on the façade’s museum, comes from the Botucatu Formation. The recognition of the mineral constituents and the knowledge of regional geology allow the façade’s recuperation through the replacing of unrecoverable pieces by new ones.
Modelagem Física de Correntes de Turbidez: Descrição do Processo e Implicações no Estudo dos Depósitos Turbidíticos
Authors: MANICA RAFAEL , MAESTRI ROGERIO DORNELLES , BORGES ANA LUIZA DE OLIVEIRA
Published: April 2019

The turbidity currents are responsible for the formation of the major hydrocarbon reservoirs around the world; however the fundamentals of such currents, both in theory and practice, are still unexplored to exhaustion nowadays. The description of initialization, transportation and deposition mechanisms of this process is surrounded by uncertainty. These uncertainties had inspired the accomplishment of a three series of experiments, in order to investigate it using two different physicals models. It were analyzed the geometrical, dynamical and depositional features of a turbidity current attempting to match the results of physical modeling to those found in natural outcrop. Granular materials are tested and grain size ranges for simulation are evaluated. Density currents with different densities, grain sizes, fluid injection rate and volume were generated. Therefore density current evolution, current velocity, geometric features, and bed forms were registered. The results show that velocity increases for larger current densities or smaller grain sizes and that the height of the current head increases when the current density decreases. The deposition volumes present a general tendency of exponential decline; the grain size range of the deposits decreases towards the distal portion of the channel. The results also show that advancing velocity and bed forms (it was observed the successive development of planar upper flow regime surfaces, low sinuous-ripples, middle sinuous-ripples, meandering channels and linear channels) depend basically of the flow oscillations identified in the fluid injection rate. The simulations presented intended to collaborate with the understanding of the natural phenomena, relating the current behaviour (flow parameters) with the generated deposit (turbidites), as well as indicated the applicability of physical modelling on the field of deep-water sedimentation and its reliability as a tool for hydrocarbon reservoir prediction.