bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
September 11: Consequences for Canada
Authors: Tucker Michael
Published: April 2008

September 11: Consequences for Canada, Kent Roach, Montreal &
Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2003, pp. ii, 272.

This is an important book. It is scholarly, timely, and provocative.
It has two chief aims. The first, as the title suggests, is in Kent
Roach's words “to provide a critical assessment of the
consequences of September 11 for Canada” (18). The second is to
suggest how in his estimation Canada's anti-terrorism policies should
evolve. To these ends the various chapters in September 11
examine post-9/11 developments in Canadian law and democracy, in
Canada's immigration and security policies, and in Canadian
sovereignty. In their sum these chapters provide a masterly treatment of
the challenges posed to this country by a defining moment in both
contemporary international relations and the “special”
Canadian-American relationship. Given the depth and scope of this work, no
brief review can do justice to it. Its finely-tuned yet erudite legal
arguments deserve to be read closely.
Altermondialisation, économie et coopération
internationale
Authors: Langelier Jean-Sébastien
Published: April 2008

Altermondialisation, économie et coopération
internationale, Louis Favreau, Gérald Larose et Abdou Salam
Fall (sous la direction de), Sainte Foy : Presses de
l'Université du Québec, 2004, 384 p.

Six ans se sont écoulés depuis les manifestations de
Seattle. Le mouvement altermondialiste, à l'origine uni par le
refus d'une mondialisation néolibérale, en est
maintenant à une étape cruciale de son développement,
car il doit désormais proposer plus concrètement des mesures
et des projets permettant de réaliser une mondialisation plus
équitable, plus juste et plus démocratique. L'ouvrage
Altermondialisation, économie et coopération
internationale est issu d'une conférence intitulée
Le Sud … et le Nord dans la mondialisation : quelles
alternatives? Tenue à Gatineau en septembre 2003, elle a
réuni des chercheurs et des acteurs d'organisations de la
société civile, de groupes et associations communautaires,
ainsi que des représentants des milieux syndicaux et de groupes de
femmes qui sont impliqués dans des projets de coopération
internationale. L'ouvrage répertorie un ensemble
d'initiatives et d'innovations relevant de la solidarité
socioéconomique Nord-Sud qui s'inscrivent dans un mouvement
visant à offrir un “ nouveau ” modèle de
développement. On peut distinguer deux catégories de
contributions au volume; celles qui relatent des pratiques et
expériences issues d'organisations de coopération
internationale (OCI) et celles, plus analytiques, qui présentent,
dans leur contexte, l'évolution des mouvements sociaux et
politiques ou qui offrent une réflexion sur les débats et
les défis auxquels ces mouvements sont confrontés.
Les territoires de la mondialisation
Authors: Ndiaye Papa Samba
Published: April 2008

Les territoires de la mondialisation, Guy Mercier (sous la direction
de), Québec : Presses de l'Université Laval, 2004, 91
p.

Cet ouvrage collectif sous la direction de Guy Mercier, qui est
Professeur à l'Université Laval au Québec
(Canada), prolonge un débat entamé au salon international du
livre de Québec le 25 avril 2002. Ce sont quatre géographes
réputés qui discutent de l'actuelle mondialisation des
économies et des moeurs. Il s'agit de Paul Claval, professeur
émérite à la Sorbonne à Paris, Rodolphe De
Konnick, professeur à l'Université de Montréal,
Angelo Turco, professeur à l'Université Degli Studi
(L'Aquila) et enfin, Augustin Berque, directeur de recherche à
l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)
à Paris.
Théories des relations internationales
Authors: Deschénes Dany
Published: April 2008

Théories des relations internationales, Dario Battistella,
Paris : Presses de sciences po, 2003, 512 p.

Depuis quelques années, plusieurs ouvrages ont
été publiés en français sur différents
aspects de la discipline des relations internationales, mais il manquait
encore un véritable ouvrage d'introduction aux principales
théories des relations internationales. C'est cette lacune que
Dario Battistella, professeur à l'Institut
d'études politiques de Bordeaux, cherche à combler avec
son ouvrage intitulé Théories des Relations
internationales. L'objectif poursuivi est de présenter,
de manière simple et accessible, les principales écoles
théoriques et les principaux auteurs en relations internationales
pour les étudiants et pour les lecteurs en général
qui s'intéressent à ces questions. L'autre
objectif, plus ambitieux, est d'inciter des internationalistes
francophones à la production théorique (l'auteur
s'adresse aux chercheurs français, mais il me semble plus
juste d'élargir à l'ensemble du monde
francophone).
Protection de l'environnement et relations internationales, les
défis de l'écopolitique mondiale
Authors: Bruneault Frédérick
Published: April 2008

Protection de l'environnement et relations internationales,
les défis de l'écopolitique mondiale, Philippe Le
Prestre, Paris : Armand Colin, 2005, 477 pages.

L'ouvrage de Philippe Le Prestre se présente comme une
tentative de clarification des débats internationaux sur la
protection de l'environnement. Dès l'avant-propos,
l'auteur nous dit : “ l'écopolitique
internationale fait référence à l'ensemble
des dimensions politiques de l'identification et de la
résolution des questions environnementales et, plus
particulièrement, aux tentatives des acteurs internationaux
d'imposer leurs définitions de la sécurité face
à la nature et à la qualité de vie des populations et
d'utiliser les nouvelles pénuries à leur profit
”. En ce sens, l'auteur indique trois axes qui devront
être développés pour saisir convenablement la position
des enjeux environnementaux dans les relations internationales.
D'abord, circonscrire le lieu du débat sur la protection de
l'environnement dans le réseau plus large des problèmes
internationaux et de l'élaboration des politiques publiques,
ensuite tracer l'évolution historique de l'exigence
environnementale dans les relations internationales, et ce par
l'étude des positions nationales et multinationales pour
chacune des principales étapes de ce développement, et
finalement identifier les points d'arrimage entre les questions
environnementales et les questions internationales de l'heure,
notamment celles du libre-échange et de la sécurité.
Ces trois axes correspondent aux trois parties du livre de Le Prestre, ce
qui lui permet de synthétiser les différents aspects des
questions environnementales internationales et de rendre compte des
principaux éléments de cette problématique, tout en
en montrant la complexité.
Would International Adjudication Enhance Contextual Theories of Justice? Reflections on the UN Human Rights Committee,Lovelace, BallantyneandWaldman
Authors: Robinson Andrew M.
Published: April 2008

Abstract.This article seeks to advance thinking about contextual theories of justice as found in Carens'Culture, Citizenship, and Communityand Parekh'sRethinking Multiculturalismby considering the suggestion that such theories would be enhanced by the incorporation of an element of international adjudication. It explores possible advantages and disadvantages of this proposal both theoretically and by reflecting on Canadian experience with the UN Human Rights Committee (HRC) in itsLovelace,BallantyneandWaldmanviews. The article concludes that international adjudication would enhance contextual theories of justice if it incorporated key elements of the HRC's individual communication procedure, including the non-binding nature of its decisions.

Résumé.Cet article tente de faire avancer la réflexion sur les théories contextuelles de la justice qu'on retrouve dansCulture, Citizenship, and Communityde Carens, ainsi que dansRethinking Multiculturalismde Parekh. L'article suggère que ces théories gagneraient à incorporer un élément d'arbitrage international. Il explore les avantages et désavantages possibles de cette proposition tant du point de vue théorique qu'en réfléchissant à l'expérience canadienne du Comité des droits de l'homme de l'ONU dans les causes Lovelace, Ballantyne et Waldman. L'article conclut que l'arbitrage international pourrait améliorer les théories contextuelles de la justice s'il incorporait les éléments clés de la procédure de communication individuelle du Comité des droits de l'homme de l'ONU, y compris le caractère non contraignant des décisions.
Beyond the Democratic Dialogue, and Towards a Federalist One: Provincial Arguments and Supreme Court Responses in Charter Litigation
Authors: Clarke Jeremy A.
Published: April 2008

Abstract.A vigorous debate surrounding the “democratic dialogue” has done much for the understanding of our post-Charter parliamentary democracy. At the same time, it has diverted valuable attention from the settlement of the Charter with Canada's other constitutional pillar: federalism. This paper argues that the reconciliation of the Charter's national standards with the provincial diversity recognized by our federal Constitution is given expression by a federalist dialogue, occurring alongside, and even before, its democratic counterpart. An examination of several recent cases before the Supreme Court in which provincial policies have been impugned by the Charter provides evidence that provincial governments and the principles of federalism have a role to play in Charter interpretation, and that this role is often conceded by the Supreme Court in response to provincial factums. This discussion does not conclude the grand questions of federalism in the Charter era, but it does raise some definitive questions to propel the debate.

Résumé.Le débat rigoureux concernant le “ dialogue démocratique ” a grandement contribué à la compréhension de notre démocratie parlementaire post-Charte. Au même moment, cependant, ce débat détourne de l'attention de la conciliation de la Charte avec l'autre pilier constitutionnel, le fédéralisme. Cet article défend que la réconciliation des standards nationaux de la Charte avec la diversité des provinces, reconnue par notre constitution fédérale, prend voix par le biais d'un dialogue portant sur les principes du fédéralisme qui se manifeste parallèlement, et même avant, son analogue démocratique. Une étude de plusieurs cas récents devant la Cour Suprême dans lesquels les politiques provinciales ont été contestées par la Charte démontre que les gouvernements provinciaux ainsi que les principes du fédéralisme ont un rôle à jouer dans l'interprétation de la Charte, et que ce rôle est souvent accordé à la Cour Suprême en réponse aux mémoires provinciaux. Par elle-même, cette discussion ne résolut pas les grandes questions du fédéralisme dans la Charte, mais elle soulève néanmoins des questions importantes qui relancent le débat.
Electoral Participation in Municipal, Provincial and Federal Elections in Canada
Authors: Nakhaie M. Reza
Published: April 2008

Abstract.The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of social relations or social capital for voting turnout at three levels of Canadian government, paying particular attention to social contexts, socio-demographics and socio-economic forces. The data source is the Public Use Microdata File from theNational Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participation, administered by Statistics Canada (2001). Results provide support for social capital theory. Those who donate to charities and/or volunteer have a stronger propensity to vote than their counterparts. Two other measures of social capital, social networks and participation in religious activities, are also related to turnout. However, their effects are comparatively modest. Among the social bases of social capital, community rootedness is an important predictor of turnout. Civic engagement or attentiveness to current affairs also significantly increases voter turnout at all levels of Canadian government. Finally, standard socio-economic and demographic predictors of political participation do show independent effects on turnout. However, with the exception of age, these predictors are not as consistent or as strong as social capital measures in explaining turnout. Theoretical and policy implications of the findings are discussed.

Résumé.L'objectif de cette étude est de souligner l'importance des relations sociales ou “ capital social ” en ce qui concerne la participation aux élections municipales, provinciales et fédérales au Canada, en prêtant une attention particulière aux contextes sociaux et aux forces socio-démographiques et socio-économiques. Nos données proviennent du fichier de microdonnées à grande diffusion del'Enquête nationale sur le don, le bénévolat et la participation, administré par Statistique Canada (2001). Les résultats vérifient la théorie du capital social. Les gens qui font des dons aux organismes de bienfaisance ou font du bénévolat ont une tendance plus marquée à voter que les autres. Deux autres mesures de capital social, l'appartenance à des réseaux sociaux et la participation à des activités religieuses, ont aussi une corrélation positive avec la participation électorale. Leur impact est cependant relativement limité. Parmi les composantes du capital social, l'enracinement dans la communauté est un indicateur important de participation. L'engagement dans la vie civique ou un intérêt marqué pour les affaires courantes augmentent aussi d'une façon significative la participation aux élections à tous les niveaux gouvernementaux. Finalement, il s'avère que les variables explicatives socio-économiques et démographiques standard de la participation politique ont des effets indépendants sur le vote. Toutefois, à l'exception de l'âge, ces variables ne sont ni aussi constantes ni aussi déterminantes que les mesures du capital social pour expliquer la participation. Nous discutons dans cet article les implications théoriques et politiques de nos conclusions.
Research Note: Do Virtual Policy Networks Matter? Tracing Network Structure Online
Authors: McNutt Kathleen
Published: April 2008

Abstract.The Internet, operating as a technologically embedded laboratory of human activity, provides social scientists with a new set of analytical tools by which to test and replicate models of social and political behaviour, with data extrapolated from the regularities of online activity, organization and information exchange. This research note demonstrates that virtual policy networks, arrangements of public interaction between mutually supporting actors that form around policy activities, exist on the Web. In addition, the note considers whether or not Canadian virtual policy networks are mimicking their respective national policy communities through the application of a methodological approach referred to as link structure analysis. Four sectorally based networks, including Aboriginal policy, agriculture, banking and women-centred policy, are analyzed to assess the extent of virtual policy networks' replication of real world policy dynamics.

Résumé.L'Internet, agissant comme laboratoire technologique de l'activité humaine, fournit aux chercheurs un nouvel ensemble d'outils analytiques par lesquels ils peuvent tester et recréer des modèles de comportements sociaux et politiques, à l'aide de données extrapolées à partir d'activités, d'organisations et d'échanges d'information en ligne. Cet essai montre qu'il existe sur Internet des réseaux virtuels d'action politique, à savoir des arrangements d'interaction publique entre différents acteurs sociaux se regroupant autour de certaines idées politiques. En outre, il essaie de déterminer si les réseaux virtuels canadiens imitent leurs communautés politiques nationales respectives, en utilisant une approche méthodologique désignée sous le nom d'analyse de la structure des liens. Quatre réseaux appartenant à des secteurs distincts, soit la politique autochtone, l'agriculture, les opérations bancaires et la condition féminine, sont analysés pour évaluer l'ampleur de la reproduction des dynamiques politiques et sociales du monde réel par les réseaux d'action politique virtuels.
Legislatures
Authors: Savoie Donald J.
Published: April 2008

Legislatures, David C. Docherty, The Canadian Democratic
Audit Series; Vancouver: UBC Press, 2005, pp. 224.

David Docherty's book, Legislatures, is ambitious both
in terms of its comparative perspective and the territory it reviews. The
book deals with virtually all important aspects of the Canadian Parliament
and provincial legislatures. The main focus, however, is on the House of
Commons.
Canada's Francophone Minority Communities: Constitutional
Renewal and the Winning of School Governance
Authors: Riddell Troy
Published: April 2008

Canada's Francophone Minority Communities: Constitutional
Renewal and the Winning of School Governance, Michael D. Behiels,
Montreal and Kingston: McGill Queen's University Press, 2004, pp.
442.

Michael Behiels straightforwardly sets out the purpose of his book in
the very first sentence: “This study is a descriptive analysis of
Canada's francophone minority communities' quest for renewal and
regeneration through constitutional reform and the winning of school
governance” (xxi). Behiels bases his study on archived material from
a number of francophone groups, government documents, court decisions,
interviews with five francophone activists, and a large number of
secondary sources.
Manitoba's French-Language Crisis: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Wiseman Nelson
Published: April 2008

Manitoba's French-Language Crisis: A Cautionary Tale,
Raymond M. Hébert, Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's
University Press, 2004, pp. xvi, 296.

Raymond Hébert, a professor at Collège universitaire de
Saint-Boniface, was passionately engaged as a participant-observer in the
divisive debate he documents regarding the proposed constitutional
entrenchment of French-language government services in Manitoba in
1983–4. When his family settled in Manitoba in the 1880s, the
skeletal provincial government operated under a constitutionally bilingual
regime in the context of increasingly explosive Ontarian immigration that
refashioned provincial society. Forgotten by most followers of Canadian
politics, the raucous controversy meticulously examined in this book came
close to paralyzing the NDP government. Hébert's reconstructed
imbroglio builds well on documented sources but, oddly, he only
interviewed participants supportive of the changes and not their
opponents.
La censure et la littérature au Québec, Des vieux
couvents au plaisir de vivre – 1920–1959.
Authors: Paquette Julie
Published: April 2008

La censure et la littérature au Québec, Des vieux
couvents au plaisir de vivre – 1920–1959., Pierre
Hébert (avec la collaboration d'Élise Salaün),
Québec, Fides, 2004, 229 pp.

Dans cet ouvrage, l'auteur propose d'aborder la
littérature au Québec en étudiant les cas de censure
qui s'y rattachent. Un peu comme s'il voulait reconstruire
l'histoire des idées au Québec sous un nouvel angle,
celui de la fiction, et de l'interdit face à cette fiction.
La censure et la littérature au Québec, Des vieux
couvents au plaisir de vivre – 1920–1959 se veut la suite
d'un premier livre du même auteur, paru quelques années
plus tôt, et qui couvrait la période allant du 17e
siècle jusqu'en 1919. Hébert reprend là
où il s'était arrêté pour se rendre
jusqu'au début de la révolution tranquille.
From UI to EI: Waging the War on the Welfare State
Authors: Béland Daniel
Published: April 2008

From UI to EI: Waging the War on the Welfare State, Georges
Campeau (translated by Richard Howard), Vancouver: UBC Press, 2005, pp.
xiii, 235.

Over the last two decades, much has been published about welfare state
retrenchment and restructuring. No consensus has yet emerged regarding the
scope and nature of social policy change occurring during the era of
neo-liberalism and economic globalization. On the one hand, scholars argue
that powerful institutional legacies and vested interests prevent policy
makers from “dismantling the welfare state” (e.g., Paul
Pierson, Dismantling the Welfare State? Reagan, Thatcher and the
Politics of Retrenchment, Cambridge University Press, 1994). On the
other hand, a growing number of scholars recognize that, despite such
institutional constraints, the combination of incremental change and
path-departing reforms are reshaping major social programmes in advanced
industrial societies. This is especially true as it concerns policies
dealing with unemployment, which constitute a major target for neo-liberal
“activation” (e.g., Robert H. Cox, “The Consequences of
Welfare Reform: How Conceptions of Social Rights Are Changing,”
Journal of Social Policy, 26(1) 1998: 1–16).
The Territorial Politics of Welfare
Authors: Clement Wallace
Published: April 2008

The Territorial Politics of Welfare, Nicola McEwen and Luis
Moreno, eds., Routledge/ECPR Studies in European Political Science;
New York: Routledge, 2005, pp. xxv, 252.

Canada is the only non-European Union country included in this
original collection about welfare regimes and nation building, sub-central
states and supranational influences on solidarity. Individual chapters are
also dedicated to the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain, Italy,
Belgium and the Nordic region. Included are two chapters on European
influences on national practices.
Bioregionalism and Civil Society: Democratic Challenges to Corporate
Globalism
Authors: Mulvihill Peter
Published: April 2008

Bioregionalism and Civil Society: Democratic Challenges to
Corporate Globalism, Mike Carr, Vancouver: UBC Press, 2004, pp. viii,
344.

Civil society and environmental activists have gained recognition as
strong forces of resistance to a common adversary—globalization.
Considering this commonality of purpose, one might expect their links to
be extensive and profound. But, as Mike Carr argues in this new book, this
is not necessarily the case, or at least not to date. Carr, a
Vancouver-based educator and activist in the social justice, peace and
ecology movements, argues that there is strong, even transformational
potential in forging greater links between civil society and
bioregionalism.
Gouverner par les instruments.
Authors: Mévellec Anne
Published: April 2008

Gouverner par les instruments., Pierre Lascoumes et Patrick
Le Galès (sous la direction de), Paris : Presses de sciences Po,
collection Gouvernances, 2004, 370 p.

Dans un contexte où l'analyse des politiques publiques est
devenue un axe majeur de la science politique française, cet
ouvrage collectif propose de placer les instruments au cœur de la
sociologie de l'État et du gouvernement. Il s'agit, selon
les termes de Patrick Le Galès, grâce à une sociologie
politique des instruments, de “ mettre en évidence les enjeux
de pouvoir, les processus de naturalisation et de dépolitisation,
de légitimation ou de délégitimation des instruments,
et les effets qu'ils produisent ” (p. 237). Dans leur
introduction générale, les éditeurs de la
publication, Pierre Lascoumes et Patrick Le Galès, rappellent
clairement les racines théoriques d'une approche par les
instruments, ainsi que les hypothèses qui ont guidé la
réflexion des contributeurs de l'ouvrage. L'angle retenu
ici n'est pas celui de la nature des instruments, mais de leurs
effets sur l'action publique. Dans une perspective
néo-institutionnelle, les instruments sont considérés
comme un type particulier d'institution dont il convient
d'interroger les effets concrets et politiques. L'instrument
d'action publique est envisagé comme un moyen de saisir la
nature du rapport gouvernants/gouvernés,
c'est-à-dire de théoriser la politique, tout en prenant
au sérieux sa capacité à produire des effets
indépendants des objectifs initialement affichés. Pour ce
faire, un fort parti pris empirique a été retenu dans
chacune des contributions, sans pour autant négliger des
propositions plus théoriques, à la fois par chacun des
auteurs, et par les éditeurs.
For Better or Worse: How Political Consultants are Changing
Elections in the United States
Authors: Speers Kim
Published: April 2008

For Better or Worse: How Political Consultants are Changing
Elections in the United States, David Dulio, Albany: State University
of New York Press, 2004, pp. xvii, 289.

During the 2004 federal election, the media shone light on the
political consultants who were reportedly affiliated or somehow related to
Paul Martin's election campaign. By their account, the traditional
party machine, often viewed to be the primary, if not the only, actor in
political campaigns in Canada, seemed to have taken a backseat to the
expensive, polished and professional campaign machinery the private sector
had to offer. Campaign management through consultancy was now publicly
visible in Canada and reliance on the party machine, while still
important, seemed to face competition in terms of expertise and proximity
to power. However, the study of political campaigns and specifically, the
role of political consultants within campaigns, has received sparse
attention from the political science community outside of the United
States. Yet even in the US, in spite of the prevalent and pervasive
presence of political consultants in electoral politics, the study of this
group is relatively new.
Être maya et travailler dans une maquiladora.
Authors: Castelán Edith Mora
Published: April 2008

Être maya et travailler dans une maquiladora., Marie
France Labrècque., Québec : Presses de
l'Université Laval, 2005, 189 pp.

Pour faire connaître la réalité économique
et sociale d'un fragment de la société maya,
l'auteure emmène le lecteur dans des maquiladoras
établies à la frontière sud du Mexique, sur le sol du
Yucatan. Comme le titre le suggère, ce livre veut illustrer une des
problématiques contemporaines les plus courantes : la collision de
sens entre un monde “ traditionnel ” et la modernité
forcée. Même si cette dichotomie d'archétypes
sociétaux est caduque, elle est utile pour comprendre les
implications de la conjoncture globale de néolibéralisme
économique et des idéologies politiques d'État.
Par corollaire, il faut comprendre la conjoncture générale,
c'est-à-dire, saisir les intentions des entreprises
étrangères et du gouvernement mexicain qui aboutissent
à la création de maquiladoras non seulement au nord
mais aussi au sud du pays, ainsi que les conséquences de cette
“ nouvelle réalité ” pour les principaux
intéressés : les mayas. Or, les mayas sont loin
d'être un groupe homogène. D'ailleurs
l'arrivée des maquiladoras a contribué
à la disparition du maya “ traditionnel ”, car la
métisation ou désindianisation provoque
une perte d'identité chez les indigènes qui ne se
revendiquent plus comme tels.
The Ethics of Assistance: Morality and the Distant Needy
Authors: Pratt Cranford
Published: April 2008

The Ethics of Assistance: Morality and the Distant Needy,
Deen Chatterjee, ed., Cambridge Studies in Philosophy and Public Policy;
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, pp. xi, 292.

Many, indeed most, of the contributors to this volume address aspects
of one or other of two rather different discourses that are prominent
within the contemporary literature on international humanitarian
assistance. The first is the basis for, and extent of, our individual,
personal obligations towards those with whom we have no connection but who
are suffering grievously. The second is the obligation that richer
countries have towards much poorer countries.
Editorial Foreword
Authors: Trautmann Thomas R.
Published: April 2008

MAKING SENSE Three essays show how attending closely to the ways in which sense is produced can help us make better sense of things.
“Speaking Bitterness”: Autobiography, History, and Mnemonic Politics on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier
Authors: Makley Charlene
Published: April 2008

In the Tibetan Buddhist monastery town of Labrang, located in southwest Gansu Province, China, the past is a heavy, and very often hidden, burden for residents and visitors alike (figure 1). This is not readily apparent amidst the bustling ‘nowness’ of commercial activities in this tourist site and model town for the profitable coexistence of Tibetan Buddhist monasticism and Chinese state-sponsored development goals. But as I discovered over the course of my fieldwork there in the mid-1990s, and again in the summer of 2002, for a population living with unsanctioned memories of the traumatic ruptures of the Chinese Communist-led revolution beginning in 1949, the ‘unsaid’ of history spoke loudly in implication—in implied dialogue with multimedia official histories, in the gaps in written and oral chronologies of events, in the revived performance of the lay and monastic ritual calendars, and in the dodges and silences of my Tibetan interlocutors during our many conversations about their pasts: “I don't know anything! I'm too young, you know!” (Tibetan [Tib.] ngas shes ni ma red, nga lo chung gi mo). Ama Drolma, a village matriarch in her late fifties, repeated this adamantly to me after I and my Tibetan woman assistant had asked her for a taped interview about local “history” (Tib. lo rgyus). She would hear none of our explanations about my interest in people's personal histories and insisted that I seek out old men, they would know about “early, early, early times” (Tib. sngan na sngan na sngan na).
Colonial Education Systems and the Spread of Local Religious Movements: The Cases of British Egypt and Punjab
Authors: Langohr Vickie
Published: April 2008

Most education in the pre-colonial Middle East and South Asia was inextricably permeated by religion, in that it relied heavily on study or memorization of religious scriptures and rituals for the purpose of training believers, or on the use of religious texts or stories to teach ostensibly secular subjects such as geography or history. Colonial penetration of these areas introduced a new model of Western education, in which the curriculum was dominated by material whose truth claims were not based on religious faith, and which were not taught through the medium of religious texts. Religion, if allowed at all, was confined to discrete classes on the topic. This marginalization or exclusion of religious material did not necessarily mean that the resulting education was inexorably secular: Gauri Viswanathan has demonstrated that British educators in India circumvented policies forbidding the teaching of Christianity in government schools by creating English literature courses designed “to convey the message of the Bible.” In contrast to its predecessors, however, Western-style education was based on the conceptualization of religion as a discrete subject separate from and incapable of shedding reliable light upon worldly matters, and on the premise that it was mastery of these worldly matters, rather than knowledge of sacred scriptures and rituals, that would bring students success. In this model, religion would be understood “as a new historical object: anchored in personal experience, expressible as belief-statements, dependent on private institutions and practiced in one's spare time.”
Food Coercion in Revolution and Civil War: Who Wins and How They Do It
Authors: Oberschall Anthony , Seidman Michael
Published: April 2008

Revolutions have provoked not only important social changes and bloody civil wars, but a huge literature. There is controversy and confusion on how to integrate seemingly disparate modes of explanation into a coherent analysis: social structure, the decisions and policies of key actors (be they leaders or organized entities like parties and assemblies), and the choices made by ordinary people. Structural theories have proven useful for describing revolutionary situations; choice theories are useful in clarifying the revolutionary process; how to integrate the two to explain revolutionary outcomes remains contentious.
“States of Rebellion”: Civil War, Rural Unrest, and the Agrarian Question in the American South and the Italian Mezzogiorno, 1861–1865
Authors: Dal Lago Enrico
Published: April 2008

To date, only a handful of scholars, most notably C.L.R. James and Eugene Genovese, have seen slave rebellions and peasant revolts as having anything in common. Fewer scholars still would be prepared to accept the assumption that slaves and peasants were agrarian working classes that shared significant characteristics. Yet, the issues of rural unrest and class formation continue to haunt the historiography of both slave and peasant societies long after James' and Genovese's studies, and have forced several historians to revise and broaden their definitions of class conflict as a means to describe the social transformations of several rural regions. In this essay, I focus on the American South as a case study of a slave society and on the Italian South, or Mezzogiorno, as a case study of a peasant society. Notwithstanding the fundamental differences between the social structures of these two regions, in both cases debates on the class character of rural workers began when leftist historians raised the possibility of applying Marxist categories to their particular historical conditions. In both cases, they were dealing with a ‘south’ characterized by a preeminently agricultural economy and a persistent social and political conservatism. In both cases, too, the debate has moved from broad theoretical positions to the explanation of specific instances of class conflict in a rural setting—the slaves' resistance to their masters and the peasants' resistance to their landlords, respectively—and then on to a criticism of the Marxist approach to the problem.
Thomas Patterson. Marx's Ghost: Conversations with Archaeologists. Oxford/New York: Berg, 2003. 204 pp.
Authors: Holl Augustin F. C.
Published: April 2008

The book Marx's Ghosts: Conversations with Archaeologists by Thomas Patterson is divided into five chapters with a preface and an introduction. It opens with an autobiographical preface that spells out the author's encounter with Marxism, from his young years in California to academia on the East coast, at Harvard and Temple, and finally, back to the West coast at University of California–Riverside. The book's aim is clearly stated in the introduction: to explore the many dimensions of Marxism in archaeological practice and discourse on two principal topics—the rise of civilization and the origins of states.
Daniel Joseph Walther,Creating Germans Abroad: Cultural Policies and National Identity in Namibia.Athens: Ohio University Press, 2002.
Authors: Partridge Damani
Published: April 2008

Creating Germans Abroadis clearly inspired by the work of Benedict Anderson (1983) and written in the spirit of the work of Ann Stoler (1995; 2002). In this work, Walther suggests the idealization of the possibility of a German homeland outside of the European territory in colonial Southwest Africa. The emphasis on agriculture, climate, and landscape countered the increasing push towards industrialization in the Fatherland. Here, there was not just a nostalgic longing for an imagined German past that is pastoral as opposed to industrial (a longing used and manipulated by Nazi ideologues), but an actual place where the idealizedHeimat(homeland) could be realized in practice. The problem, however, became the presence of so many non-Germans, in this case not only “Black” Africans, but also “White” Afrikaners. In this sense, an appropriate title for the book might also be “Creating Germany Abroad.”
Pamela Ballinger. History in Exile: Memory and Identity at the Borders of the Balkans. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002.
Authors: Hametz Maura
Published: April 2008

Using anthropological, historical, and political science approaches, Pamela Ballinger demonstrates how memory shapes Istrian understandings of Italian identity. World War II and the events of 1945, specifically the creation of the Free Territory of Trieste and the division of the upper Adriatic territory into Allied and Yugoslav administered zones, form the backdrop for the study that concentrates on the crystallization of collective memory for Istrian esuli (exiles who settled in Trieste) and rimasti (those who remained in Yugoslavia). Grounded in the literature re-evaluating the impact of the Cold War, her work skillfully weaves a narrative that uncovers competing visions as well as common tropes in Istrian visions of ‘Italianness’ constructed in the climate of state formation and dissolution since World War I. Ballinger's major contribution is her analysis of the “multi-directionality” of identity formation (p. 45) that has implications far beyond the Istrian case.
Mine Ener. Managing Egypt's Poor and the Politics of Benevolence, 1800–1952. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003.
Authors: Singer Amy
Published: April 2008

Egypt of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries has long been a focus for study by social scientists and humanists of various disciplines. To an extensive bibliography is now added a unique work of social history that explores the lives of Egypt's poor and the shifting attitudes toward them over 150 years. Mine Ener has written an account of how the poor of Cairo and Alexandria negotiated assistance from traditional institutions and government agencies alike, and how the nature of institutions offering assistance changed during this time. She posited that, for much of this period, the attitude of successive Egyptian governments toward the poor was one infused with an Islamic ethos of charity and informed by shifting political concerns. Continuous evidence of government behavior—from Mehmet Ali Pasha in the early nineteenth century to King Farouk in the mid-twentieth—demonstrates that the source of charity was never thoroughly depersonalized. Each one claimed to be the source of assistance and couched his claims in the language of the concerned and conscientious Muslim ruler.
STRUCTURE OF CORADICAL FILTRATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO HOPF ALGEBRAS OF DIMENSIONpq
Authors: FUKUDA DAIJIRO
Published: April 2008

This paper contributes to the classification problem ofpqdimensional Hopf algebrasHover an algebraically closed fieldkof characteristic 0, wherep,qare odd primes. It is shown that such Hopf algebrasHare semisimple for the pairs of odd primes (p,q)=(3,11),(3,13),(3,19),(5,17),(5,19),(5,23),(5,29),(7,17),(7,19),(7,23),(7,29),(11,29),(13,29).
COMPLEX BERWALD MANIFOLDS WITH VANISHING HOLOMORPHIC SECTIONAL CURVATURE
Authors: YAN RONGMU
Published: April 2008

In this paper, we prove that a strongly convex and Kähler-Finsler metric is a complex Berwald metric with zero holomorphic sectional curvature if and only if it is a complex locally Minkowski metric.
INTEGRAL MEANS OF THE DERIVATIVES OF BLASCHKE PRODUCTS
Authors: FRICAIN EMMANUEL , MASHREGHI JAVAD
Published: April 2008

We study the rate of growth of some integral means of the derivatives of a Blaschke product and we generalize several classical results. Moreover, we obtain the rate of growth of integral means of the derivative of functions in the model subspaceKBgenerated by the Blaschke productB.
CENTRALISER DIMENSION OF FREE PARTIALLY COMMUTATIVE NILPOTENT GROUPS OF CLASS 2
Authors: BLATHERWICK VIKKI A.
Published: April 2008

In an effort to extend the theory of algebraic geometry over groups beyond free groups, Duncan, Kazatchkov and Remeslennikov have studied the notion of centraliser dimension for free partially commutative groups. In this paper we consider the centraliser dimension of free partially commutative nilpotent groups of class 2, showing that a free partially commutative nilpotent group of class 2 with non-commutation graph Γ has the same centraliser dimension as the free partially commutative group represented by the non-commutation graph Γ.
ULTRAMETRIC AND NON-LOCALLY CONVEX ANALOGUES OF THE GENERAL CURVE LEMMA OF CONVENIENT DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
Authors: GLÖCKNER HELGE
Published: April 2008

The General Curve Lemma is a tool of Infinite-Dimensional Analysis that enables refined studies of differentiability properties of maps between real locally convex spaces to be made. In this article, we generalize the General Curve Lemma in two ways. First, we remove the condition of local convexity in the real case. Second, we adapt the lemma to the case of curves in topological vector spaces over ultrametric fields.
ON WEYL AND BROWDER SPECTRA OF TENSOR PRODUCTS
Authors: KUBRUSLY C. S. , DUGGAL B. P.
Published: April 2008

Let A and B be Hilbert space operators. In this paper we explore the structure of parts of the spectrum of the tensor product A ⊗ B, and conclude some properties that follow from such a structure. We give conditions on A and B ensuring that σw(A ⊗ B) =σw(A)ċσ(B) ∪ σ(A)ċσw(B), where σ(ċ) and σw(ċ) stand for the spectrum and Weyl spectrum, respectively. We also investigate the problem of transferring Weyl and Browder's theorems from A and B to their tensor product A⊗B.
A MULTIPLICITY THEOREM FOR A VARIABLE EXPONENT DIRICHLET PROBLEM
Authors: PAPAGEORGIOU NIKOLAOS S. , ROCHA EUGÉNIO M.
Published: April 2008

We consider a nonlinear Dirichlet problem driven by thep(ċ)-Laplacian. Using variational methods based on the critical point theory, together with suitable truncation techniques and the use of upper-lower solutions and of critical groups, we show that the problem has at least three nontrivial solutions, two of which have constant sign (one positive, the other negative). The hypotheses on the nonlinearity incorporates in our framework of analysis, both coercive and noncoercive problems.
Shortcut to Greatness: The New Thinking and the Revolution in Soviet Foreign Policy
Authors: Larson Deborah Welch , Shevchenko Alexei
Published: April 2008

Why did Soviet foreign policy change during 1985–1991 from viewing conflict between capitalism and socialism as inevitable to favoring cooperation between states in solving global problems? Neither materialist analyses nor ideational accounts explain why Gorbachev adopted the radical new thinking instead of more conventional reform alternatives. We argue that the new thinking offered a means to enhance Soviet status despite retrenchment and accommodation of the West. By promoting principles underlying a new world order, the Soviet Union could achieve greatness based on the exercise of soft power. This explanation draws on social identity theory, which maintains that people are motivated for their social group to have a distinctive, positive identity. Lower status groups may enhance their perceived standing by finding a new domain for comparison or reevaluating an undesirable trait.
Scraps of Paper? Agreements and the Durability of Peace
Authors: Fortna Virginia Page
Published: April 2008

In the aftermath of war, what determines whether peace lasts or fighting resumes, and what can be done to foster durable peace? Drawing on theories of cooperation, I argue that belligerents can overcome the obstacles to peace by implementing measures that alter incentives, reduce uncertainty about intentions, and manage accidents. A counterargument suggests that agreements are epiphenomenal, merely reflecting the underlying probability of war resumption. I test hypotheses about the durability of peace using hazard analysis. Controlling for factors (including the decisiveness of victory, the cost of war, relative capabilities, and others) that affect the baseline prospects for peace, I find that stronger agreements enhance the durability of peace. In particular, measures such as the creation of demilitarized zones, explicit third-party guarantees, peacekeeping, and joint commissions for dispute resolution affect the duration of peace. Agreements are not merely scraps of paper; rather, their content matters in the construction of peace that lasts.
The Limits of “Rational Design”
Authors: Duffield John S.
Published: April 2008

“The Rational Design of International Institutions” (special issue ofIO, Autumn 2001) makes a significant contribution to the theoretical literature on international institutions. It is important, however, to recognize the limits of both the Rational Design project in its current form and the conclusions that can be drawn from the special issue about the project's usefulness and validity. This article evaluates the project on its own terms, as a rationalist attempt to explain variation in international institutions. I identify three significant sets of limitations: those of the scope of the project, those of the analytical framework, and those of the efforts that are made to evaluate the framework through empirical analysis. Although the first set of limitations is largely a matter of choice, the last two raise questions about how much of an advance the special issue in fact represents. Nevertheless, these shortcomings are not absolute—they can be remedied through further theoretical and empirical research.
Testing War In the Error Term
Authors: Coletta Damon , Gartzke Erik
Published: April 2008

The proof for “War Is in the Error Term,” a piece that appeared in the Summer 1999 issue of International Organization, contains a subtle error. Once the correction is made, there are broader implications for testing theories of war using quantitative studies. Large-n tests to verify the incomplete information explanation for war will be more difficult to perform than originally anticipated.
Diasporas and International Relations Theory
Authors: Shain Yossi , Barth Aharon
Published: April 2008

In this article, we incorporate the study of diasporas into international relations (IR) theory by focusing on diasporas as independent actors who actively influence their homeland (kin-state) foreign policies. We argue that diasporic influences can best be understood by situating them in the ‘theoretical space’ shared by constructivism and liberalism; two approaches that acknowledge the impact of identity and domestic politics on international behavior. We also maintain that the exploration of diasporic activities can enrich both constructivism and liberalism. First, diasporas' identity-based motivations should be an integral part of the constructivist effort to explain the formation of national identities. Second, diasporic activities and influences in their homelands expand the meaning of the term ‘domestic politics’ to include not only politics inside the state but also inside the people For the liberal approach, this is a “new fact” in the Lakatosian sense of the word. We theorize that the extent of diasporic influence on homeland foreign policy is determined by three components that make up the ‘balance of power’ between homelands and diasporas. We then test this theory by delving into the interaction between the newly established state of Armenia and its powerful diaspora, and by comparing this case with examples taken from the relations between Israel and diaspora Jews.
The Hidden Hand of Economic Coercion
Authors: Drezner Daniel W.
Published: April 2008

Why do policymakers consistently employ economic sanctions even though scholars consider them an ineffective tool of statecraft? Game-theoretic models of economic coercion suggest the success rate may be understated because of selection effects. When the targeted country prefers conceding to incurring the cost of sanctions, it has an incentive to acquiesce before the imposition of sanctions. The bulk of successful coercion episodes should therefore end with sanctions threatened but not imposed. This contradicts the recent literature on sanctions, which assumes that sanctions rarely, if ever, work at generating significant concessions from the targeted country and are imposed for domestic or symbolic political reasons. If the game-theoretic argument is correct, the crucial cases to study are those in which coercion is threatened but not implemented. A statistical analysis of data on sanctions in pursuit of economic or regulatory goals strongly supports the gametheoretic argument. These results suggest that the significance of economic coercion has been undervalued in the study of statecraft and international relations more generally.