bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein as a predictor of severity of cellulitis and necrotising fasciitis
Authors: Jain Sanjay , Kumar Manish , Songara M. C.
Published: June 2020

Background: Skin infections are major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting more than one person/1000 person/year. Sepsis has a worldwide incidence of more than 20 million cases a year, with mortality due to septic shock reaching up to 50% even in industrialized countries. Acute phase reactants like erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been used traditionally as markers for inflammation and are readily available in most centres. Aim was to study the correlation between the values of ESR and CRP with severity of cellulitis and necrotising fasciitis (in term of hospital stay and disease outcome).Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted at Department of Surgery, GMC and Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal from a period of March 2016 to August 2018.Results: Skin and soft tissue infections are most commonly affects male, diabetes mellitus most common co-morbid condition. Mean value of ESR and CRP in patients who could not survived was 64.44 and 145.92 respectively and value more than 54.95 and 93.41 requires longer hospital stay.Conclusions: ESR and CRP are non-specific test but they are good predictors of severity of cellulitis and necrotising fasciitis not only in planning of management of these cases but also predicting outcome of the disease.
An audit and clinicopathological study of fibroepithelial lesions of the breast at a tertiary care centre and comparison with WHO grading
Authors: Yadav Deepti , Meel Mukta , Hemrajani Deepika , Mittal Aarti , Mathur Kusum
Published: June 2020

Background: Mammary fibroepithelial lesions encompass a wide spectrum of tumors ranging from an indolent fibroadenoma to potentially fatal malignant phyllodes tumor (PT). The criteria used for their classification based on morphological assessment are often challenging to apply and there is no consensus as to what constitutes an adequate resection margin. The aims of the study were to study histopathological spectrum of fibroepithelial lesions of breast at tertiary care centre, to stratify and classify various fibroepithelial lesions into fibroadenomas and PT, reclassify all confirmed cases of PT seen in the study period according to standard histopathological WHO criteria.Methods: Records and slides of fibroepithelial lesions of the breast received at the department between January 2016 and August 2019 were retrieved and reviewed.Results: A total 891 fibroepithelial lesions of breast were diagnosed during this duration. Out of these, 826 (92.7%) were fibroadenoma and its variants, 34 (3.8%) cases were of fibroadenomatoid mastopathy and 31(3.5%) were PT. Among all PT, 8 (25.8%) were borderline and 4 (12.9%) were malignant, rest (61.3%) were benign.Conclusions: Fibroepithelial tumours of the breast are a heterogenous group of lesions ranging from fibroadenoma at the benign end of the spectrum to malignant PT. There are overlapping histologic features among various subtypes, and transformation and progression to a more malignant phenotype may also occur. Given the significant clinical differences within various subtypes, accurate pathologic classification is important for appropriate management. Although some immunohistochemical markers may be useful in this differential diagnosis, histomorphology still remains the gold standard.
Is it safe to perform laparoscopic appendicectomy in a low volume rural setting? A retrospective non-comparative study
Authors: Bhowmick Jayanta
Published: June 2020

Background: Inspite of the rapid adoption of laparoscopy as a technology for surgeries of the abdomen, its use is very limited in rural settings with limited resources in India. This study was carried out to find out whether performing laparoscopic appendicectomies (which is the commonest general surgery performed the world over) in a low volume rural hospital is feasible, safe and should it be the recommended procedure of choice. Also, the pattern of demographics, symptoms, signs, investigation reports of the patients who presented with acute appendicitis at the centre was studied.Methods: Retrospective analysis of the data from electronic medical records in Bodeli General Hospital from March 2015 to February 2020 was done. Data of all laparoscopic appendicectomies performed (108 in numbers) in this rural centre with low volume work and a single surgeon, was analysed.Results: Various cost-cutting local innovations were used, the age and sex distribution, presenting complaints, examination findings, investigation reports, operative time and complications were analysed and presented.Conclusions: It is quite evident that performing laparoscopic appendicectomies in low volume, single surgeon setting is a safe procedure and should be the procedure of choice, whenever an appendicectomy is indicated.
Current scenario of tracheostomy: our experience
Authors: Sachdeva Kavita , Hansdah Rashmi
Published: June 2020

Background: Tracheostomy is an important surgical procedure done by ENT surgeons. In this study we have assessed the indications and complications encountered during tracheostomy and decannulation.

Methods: 100 patients undergoing tracheostomy by the Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery between 1st January and 31st December 2015 in a tertiary care hospital in Central India were included in the study. The various indications of tracheostomy along with the complications encountered and decannulation following tracheostomy were studied.   

Results: In this study, most   commonly (22%) tracheostomies were performed in young (31-40) years, male (73%) patients. This included 79% elective and 21% emergency tracheostomies. The indications of tracheostomy were retained secretions 61%, laryngopharyngeal obstruction 21%, and respiratory insufficiency 19%. 21 intra-operative complications included bleeding (18% cases) and apnoea (3% cases). Wound infection 19%; subcutaneous emphysema 10%; tube block 6% and   haemorrhage 2% constituted 37 immediate post-operative complications. 17 late post-operative complications included stoma stenosis 9%; granuloma formation 4% and trachea-oesophageal fistula and aspiration 2% each. 33% of total patients were decannulated easily.

Conclusions: In conclusion we found that elective tracheostomy is associated with lower morbidity and mortality and strapping of tracheostomy site is an easy, safe and effective method   of tracheostomy closure in properly selected patients.
Isolated epiglottic tuberculosis: presented as severe respiratory distress
Authors: Gupta Saurabh , Singh Ashok Kumar , Tiwari Anjali
Published: June 2020

Tuberculosis is a systemic disease and it can involve any organ of the body. Laryngeal tuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis is quite common in our ENT practice but it is usually a complication of pulmonary tuberculosis, and most patients with laryngeal tuberculosis have coexisting active pulmonary tuberculosis. Most of the times the area of involvement in this secondary laryngeal tuberculosis is posterior part of the larynx. We are reporting a case of isolated primary epiglottic tuberculosis, which is a rare entity, who presented with severe respiratory distress and inspiratory stridor. It was initially suspected and misdiagnosed as a case of laryngeal carcinoma because of common laryngoscopic findings of diffuse edema, deformed laryngeal cartilages and ulcerations in both of these conditions but on further evaluation it was diagnosed as primary epiglottic tuberculosis with no pulmonary involvement. After making the correct diagnosis from histopathological examination, the patient was managed successfully by anti tubercular treatment.
Estrés, respuestas emocionales, factores de riesgo, psicopatología y manejo del personal de salud durante la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Muñoz Fernández Sergio Ignacio , Molina Valdespino Diana , Ochoa Palacios Rosalba , Sánchez Guerrero Oscar , Esquivel Acevedo Juan Antonio
Published: June 2020

ANTECEDENTES: El nuevo coronavirus SARS-Cov-2, causante de la pandemia por COVID-19, afecta al personal de salud por la repercusión emocional que implica enfrentarse a situaciones complejas y estresantes que retan los mecanismos de regulación emocional y capacidad de adaptación a la vida cotidiana para mantener un estado de salud mental óptimo. OBJETIVO: Describir las reacciones emocionales esperadas ante COVID-19, los factores individuales protectores y de riesgo, la patología psiquiátrica y las distintas intervenciones que pueden efectuarse en apoyo de las diversas reacciones. CONCLUSIONES: Para los trabajadores de la salud, la pandemia por COVID-19 es un factor de riesgo de problemas de salud mental que requiere evaluación y atención oportuna.
Influence of the concentrations of xanthan gum, hydroxypropyl starch and potassium chloride on the flow properties of drilling fluid formulations
Authors: Alves bruna F. , da Lapa Vera L.C. , Silva Carla M.F. , Lucas Elizabete F.
Published: June 2020

Drilling operation of oil wells involves high costs and risks. With recent discoveries of deeper reservoirs and difficult to access, there was an increase in the number of horizontal wells drilled and far-reaching, and, thereat, new challenges with operational problems. Fluids, or muds, drilling are essential to the well drilling process, confirming the need to study and find physical, rheological, and filtration properties, appropriate to the complexities in each section and the drilling stage. Optimized formulation is the one that comprises a safe operation, mitigation of operational problems, environmental protection, low cost, and high productivity. Thus, this paper offers the study of the rheological properties, and determination of filtrate volume, of the aqueous base fluid formulations, developed with polymeric additives. A high performance formulation, presenting technical-economical feasibility for drilling operations, was achieved using 0.43% m/v of viscosifier (xanthan gun), 0.57% m/v of filtrate controller (hydroxypropyl starch) and 4.57% m/v of clay swelling inhibitor (KCl)
Efeitos da Expansão do Biodiesel e da Troca de Fontes Triglicerídeas no Cenário Energético Brasileiro
Authors: Angelkorte Gerd Brantes
Published: June 2020

The concern with global warming impacts on the environment has made the world population search for new energy sources that are less aggressive to the environment. Therefore, biodiesel has become more relevant and has expanded its proportion in the blend with diesel. However, Brazil still uses about 20% of bovine tallow, which emits large amount of GHG, degrades the soil and entails great water consumption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibilities and effects of the substitution of this nonrenewable source for others of vegetable origin, as well as the environmental effects of increasing the percentage of biodiesel, reaching levels of 20% and 30%. Hence, two types of biodiesel were produced and tested, with and without bovine tallow, and the results obtained and data from the diesel fleet were used to model the impacts and CO2eq emissions with the aid of the MoMo Lite model in Brazil. It was possible to determine the great benefit of adopting higher levels of biodiesel in diesel (especially when there was a substitution of bovine tallow for plant sources), besides the importance of adopting broader analysis of the whole production cycle of the raw material. Since only CO2eq emission data were observed at the burning, the results varied only 10%, but when the results were analyzed through the well-to-tank, this variation rose to 52%.
Sadruşşeria ve İbnü’l-Hümâm’a göre Cüz’î İrâdenin Yaratmanın Konusu Olup-Olmadığı Meselesi
Authors: NAMLI Abdullah
Published: June 2020

Cüz’î irâde ve kulların fiillerinin yaratılışı kader inancıyla bağlantılı iki konudur. Günümüzde tartışma götürmeyecek kadar açık şekilde insanda irâdenin var olduğu kabul edilmektedir. İnsanda meydana gelen irâde ve fiilin oluşum basamakları hakkındaki ihtilâf ise çözülecek gibi gözükmemektedir. Mâtürîdîlerin insana fiillerinde bir hürriyet alanı tanıma amacıyla ortaya koydukları, cüz’î irâde ve fiillerde yaratılmamış veya yaratmaya konu olmayan bir unsurun bulunduğu şeklindeki açılımları ise bazen tam anlaşılamamıştır. Bu türden yanlış anlaşılmalar söz konusu olduğunda Hanefî-Mâtürîdî kelamcılarından Sadruşşerîa ve İbnü’l-Hümâm’ın ismi geçmektedir. Her iki kelâmcı da Hanefî-Mâtürîdî ekolünde derin izler bırakan önemli şahsiyetlerdendir. Ortaya koydukları özgün fikirleriyle kendilerinden sonra gelen pek çok âlimi etkilemişlerdir. Buna rağmen gerek Sadruşşerîa gerekse İbnü’l-Hümâm insana fiillerinin yaratıcısı gözüyle bakmadıkları halde sanki Allah’ın mutlak yaratıcılığına halel getirmişler gibi bir ithamla karşı karşıya bulunmaktadırlar. Bu sebeple Sadruşşerîa’nın herhangi bir fiilin oluşumuyla ilgili ortaya koyduğu “Dört Mukaddime” ile İbnü’l-Hümâm’ın “Azm-i Musammemin İcadı” ve “Cüz’î İrâdenin Tahsisi” hakkındaki düşüncelerinin ortaya konulması büyük önem arz etmektedir.
Degree of Conversion of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement Containing Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles
Authors: Jalalian Behnoosh , Golkar Parisa , Paktinat Alireza , Ahmadi Elham , Panahande Seyed Ali , Ranjbar Omrani Ladan
Published: June 2020

Objectives: Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles are used to improve the physical and mechanical properties of glass ionomers (GIs). This study aimed to assess the effect of addition of different weight percentages of nano-HA on degree of conversion (DC) of Fuji II LC GI cement using a spectrometer.
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 30 samples were fabricated of Fuji II LC (improved) GI cement in six groups (n=5) containing 0%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 7% and 10wt% nano-HA. The obtained paste in each group was subjected to Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) before curing to assess the monomer to polymer DC percentage. The paste was then light-cured and underwent FTIR again. One-way ANOVA was applied to compare the DC percentage of different groups. Pairwise comparisons were performed using the Tukey’s test.
Results: The DC was 57.88±0.57% in 0%, 60.04±0.63% in 1%, 66.92±0.54% in 2%, 65.5±0.71% in 5%, 51.49±0.24% in 7% and 50.09±0.32% in 10% nano-HA group. The difference in DC among the groups was statistically significant (P<0.0001). The highest DC was noted in 2% nano-HA and the lowest DC was found in 10% nano-HA group. Pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences between the groups in DC (P<0.0001).
Conclusion: Increasing the weight percentage of nano-HA to 2% increased the DC but increasing the nano-HA weight percentage over 5% decreased the DC of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC). The highest DC was noted in 5w% and 2w% nano-HA groups. Thus, 5w% and 2w% nano-HA can be used to improve the DC of RMGIC
Accuracy of High- and Low-Resolution Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Scans in the Detection of Impacted Tooth-Induced External Root Resorption: An Ex-Vivo Study
Authors: Dabbaghi Arash , Sharifi Sanaz , Esmaeili Masoud
Published: June 2020

Objectives: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is used in diagnostic situations, as well as tooth impaction and its complications. A possible sequela of tooth impaction is resorption of adjacent teeth, complicating the treatment plans. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of high- and low-resolution CBCT scans in the detection of external root resorptions (ERRs), caused by an adjacent impacted tooth in the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), mid-root, and apical areas.
Materials and Methods: Forty-five intact single-rooted teeth were divided into three groups of 15. Each group was dedicated to each zone of the root. Slight, moderate, and severe ERRs were formed, and CBCT scans were taken before and after the formation of ERRs. The diagnostic accuracy was assessed, and the Proportion test was used to compare the results.
Results: The statistical analyses of high- and low-resolution images showed a significant difference (P<0.05), which implies the higher accuracy of high-resolution images. The highest diagnostic accuracy among different zones was related to the mid-root, and the lowest was related to the apical zone. In terms of the size of ERRs, the diagnostic accuracy was the lowest for slight ERRs.
Conclusion: The most reliable and accurate diagnostic mode was found in high-resolution images, in the mid-root zone, and with severe ERRs. The lowest diagnostic accuracy was found in low-resolution images, in the apical zone, and with slight ERRs.
Immunoregulatory Effects of Krocina™, a Herbal Medicine Made of Crocin, on Osteoarthritis Patients: A Successful Clinical Trial in Iran
Authors: Poursamimi Javad , Shariati-Sarabi Zhaleh , Tavakkol-Afshari Jalil , Mohajeri Seyed Ahmad , Ghoryani Mohsen , Mohammadi Mojgan
Published: June 2020

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the major cause of joint pain and disability. This research was planned to examine the effects of Krocina™, aherbal medicine made of crocin, an ingredient of saffron, in patients with OA. Forty patients suffering from OA were enrolled in our study and randomly divided into two groups, receiving Krocina™ and placebo, and the clinical trial continued for four months.Peripheral blood was taken from all patients and the percentage ofvarious subsets of T cells in addition to the levels of forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) and interleukin (IL)-17 were measured by flow cytometry technique. The visualan alog scale (VAS) index analysis decreased significantly in both groups (krocinaTM and placebo) (p<0.05). Assessment of the C-reactive protein (CRP) level in serum showed a significant decrease in the krocinaTM group (p<0.05). Moreover, we found a meaningful increase in the percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs)cellin samples gathered from Krocina™ group (P=0.02) patients. The mean percentages of T helper (Th) 17 cellsinthe Krocina™ group and CD8+ T cellsin the placebo group patients were also meaningfully reduced (p<0.05). The geometric mean fluorescence intensity (GMFI) for IL-17 showed a significant decrease and increase in Krocina™ and placebo groups, respectively (p<0.05). No noticeable difference was observed in the percentages of Th cells and GMFI-FOXP3 in either group. Treg/Th17 ratio was shifted towards Tregscell in Krocina™ group at the end of the intervention. It is concluded that Krocina™ has immunoregulatory effects on patients with OA, ameliorating the disease.
Construction and Functional Characterization of a Fully Human Anti-mesothelin Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-expressing T Cell
Authors: Jafarzadeh Leila , Masoumi Elham , Alishah Khadijeh , Mirzaei Hamid Reza , Jamali Arezoo , Fallah-Mehrjardi Keyvan , Rostamian Hosein , Khakpoor-Koosheh Mohammad , Meshkani Reza , Noorbakhsh Farshid , Hadjati Jamshid
Published: June 2020

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is considered as an encouraging approach for the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, its efficacy in solid tumors has not been satisfying, mainly in the immunosuppressive network of the tumor microenvironment and paucity of appropriate target antigens. Mesothelin (MSLN) is a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) expressed in numerous types of solid tumors such as gastrointestinal, ovarian, and pancreatic tumors. Owing to high expression in tumor cells and low expression in normal tissues, MSLN-targeted therapies like monoclonal antibodies have been previously developed. In the present study, a CAR T cell harboring the second-generation of a fully human anti-MSLN-CAR construct containing CD3ζ and 4-1BB signaling domains was produced and it was functionally evaluated against an MSLN-expressing cell line. The findings showed potent, specific proliferation, cytotoxic activity, and interleukin (IL)-2, Tumor necrosis factor-(TNF) α, and Interferon-(IFN) γ production in an antigen-dependent manner. Cytotoxic activity was shown in effector-to-target ratio from 1:1 to 20:1, but the most adequate efficacy was observed in the ratio of 10:1. Non-specific activity against MSLN negative cell line was not observed. Our data demonstrated that primary human T cells expressing fully human MSLN-CAR construct are effective against MSLN-expressing cell lines in vitro, suggesting this MSLN-CAR construct as a potential therapeutic tool in a clinical setting.
Clinical and Genetic Study of X-linked Agammaglobulinemia Patients (The Benefit of Early Diagnosis)
Authors: Alizadeh Zahra , Dashti Parisa , Mazinani Marzieh , Nourizadeh Maryam , Shakerian Leila , Tajik Shaghayegh , Movahedi Masoud , Mamishi Setareh , Pourpak Zahra , Fazlollahi Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2020

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by genetic defects in the Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) gene. XLA is characterized as an antibody deficiency by recurrent bacterial infections, the absence of peripheral B cells, and profound reductions in all immunoglobulin isotypes. This study aims to report the clinical and genetic features of five Iranian patients with XLA. Five male cases with recurrent bacterial infection entered this study based on clinical evaluation and Immunological screening tests. The levels of T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) and kappa-deleting recombination excision circle (KREC) were also measured in dried blood spot (DBS) samples. Sanger sequencing was applied to PCR products of DNA samples of the patients for genetic studies. All patients were from unrelated families with a mean age of 6.7 years (2.5-11) at the time of diagnosis with 4.8 mean years of delay in diagnosis. The most frequent clinical manifestations were recurrent respiratory infections and arthritis. In these patients, five previously reported mutations were found including four mutations (p.Q496X, p.Q497X, p.R520X, and p.R641H) in the Kinase domain besides one mutation (p.L37P) in the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. Evaluations of KREC and TREC level in patients’ DBS showed low-to-undetectable copies of KREC (0-2 copies/3.2mm DBS) with normal copies of TREC. As patients with XLA have complete immunoglobulin defects and develop severe and recurrent infections, early diagnosis would be beneficial for the improvement of their quality of life. The study results may provide valuable information for the diagnosis, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for the patients and their family members and emphasize performing KREC as an early diagnostic test in patients with XLA.
How Cultural Values transfer into the Basis for Health Services in the Industry Revolution Era: A Critical Perspective
Authors: Joko Susanto Agus , Neolaka Amos , Abbas Hafid , Nopiyanti Evi
Published: June 2020

Public health servicesneed serious attention in Indonesia. In fact, the number of health workers is sufficient enough and even excessive in certain areas. This situation is caused by lack of observing principles of the local and national cultural values in carrying out the public health services. We reviewed the published literature over the current satisfactory level of people with regard to thehealth services. Furthermore, we compared the results between residents of the suburb and urban areas regarding the national health services. This critical perspective offerred a concept of health services based on the cultural values with the belief that these values can influence the perceptions, attitudes, and behaviour of individuals, including health workers in rendering health services through health consultations. The purpose was to design a situated cultural learning, through which they can learn to respect and apply cultural values in implementing health services. To implement such cultural values, the concept of industrial revolution 4.0 and 5.0 is also needed, where individuals utilize and work together with machine learning technology or artificial intelligence.
La influencia sobre el comportamiento y la ‘asetización’ de la privacidad como asunto contemporáneo
Authors: Ríos Carolina
Published: June 2020

Estudios y eventos recientes revelan la instrumentalización de datos perso­nales para influenciar masivamente el comportamiento humano, mediante la disemi­nación de una arquitectura de dispositivos inteligentes de extracción y digitalización de experiencias privadas con fines comerciales. Dicho fenómeno, denominado por este estudio asetización de la privacidad, expone vacíos en regulación sobre los mer­cados conductuales y los llamados bundled goods. Además, este documento analiza las legislaciones de la Unión Europea y Corea para concluir que incluso regulaciones más comprensivas requieren desarrollos legales adicionales para restringir el impacto de técnicas de inteligencia computacional y los mercados conductuales sobre valores jurídicos fundamentales.
Criterios jurisprudenciales en el derecho de familia chileno para fundamentar la autorización para salir del país de niños, niñas y adolescentes
Authors: Astudillo Meza Constanza
Published: June 2020

El presente trabajo analiza sentencias dictadas por la Corte Suprema y por las cortes de apelaciones de Chile que se pronuncian acerca de la autorización para que niños, niñas y adolescentes salgan del país. Esta materia se encuentra regulada en la ley 16.618 y exige para conceder el referido permiso que la salida reporte un beneficio a los niños, niñas y adolescentes. En el presente trabajo analizaremos dicho beneficio a partir del interés superior del niño, considerando la relevancia de la familia extensa.
Role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the interaction with coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and in the development of strategies for prevention and treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)
Authors: Fisun A. Ya. , Cherkashin D. V. , Tyrenko V. V. , Zhdanov C. V. , Kozlov C. V.
Published: June 2020

The 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), due to the new SARS-CoV-2 virus, represents the greatest global public health crisis and an unprecedented challenge to find effective ways to prevent and treat. In the active phase of a pandemic, early results allow these preventive measures to be implemented on a scale compatible with the pandemic. If the results are convincing, their value will be difficult to overestimate, since additional one or two outbreaks of this infection are expected. Clinical data is emerging rapidly from a large number of people afflicted with SARS-CoV-2, which should provide clinicians with accurate evidence of the effectiveness of different preventive and treatment methods. In particular, an active search is underway for cellular mechanisms that SARS-CoV-2 uses to penetrate tissues. These include information about the receptor of the angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor (ACE 2). SARS-CoV-2, a single-stranded envelope RNA virus, attaches to cells via a viral spike (S) protein that binds to the ACE 2. After binding to the receptor, the viral particle uses the receptors of the host cell and endosomes to enter the cells. Human type transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS 2) facilitates penetration into the cell via protein S. Once inside the cell, viral polyproteins are synthesized that encode the replicate transcriptase complex. The virus then synthesizes RNA through its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Structural proteins are synthesized leading to the completion of the assembly and release of viral particles. These stages of the virus life cycle provide potential targets for drug therapy. Current clinical and scientific data do not support discontinuation of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with COVID-19, and an ongoing discussion is addressed in this review.
Healthcare for stroke patients in COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Yanishevskiy S. N.
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 pandemic changed the setup of vascular centers. The co-existence of coronaviral infection and neurological symptoms is an important issue. On the one hand, neurological manifestations can result from acute stroke in a patient afflicted with SARS-CoV-2. On the other hand, they can be caused by the direct brain viral damage. Coronavirus damage of central neural system includes encephalitis and infection-related toxic encephalopathy. The latter can present with various manifestations (from headache to conscious disorders in severe cases). Therefore, additional diagnostic approaches and new treatment protocols are required. The paper covers important issues related to healthcare delivery for patients with neurologic symptoms in COVID-19 pandemic.
Recommendations on the diagnosis and management of pulmonary hypertension during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Simakova M. A. , Goncharova N. S. , Karpova D. V. , Karelkina E. V. , Moiseeva O. M.
Published: June 2020

Pulmonary hypertension patients are extremely sensitive to intercurrent respiratory infections which can cause disease progression and bring an adverse outcome closer. The absence of specific symptoms and typical clinical manifestations of pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension makes it difficult to verify such diagnosis in time for early specific therapy prescription. This problem becomes more significant during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review presents diagnostic algorithms for differential diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in a patient with suspected COVID-19 infection. In this term computed tomography (CT) of the chest deserves high attention. Differential diagnostic criteria for “frosted glass” type changes at CT-scan have been developed and can be used in everyday practice. Besides this, the article describes the principles of pulmonary arterial hypertension optimal therapy choice, taking into account drug interactions and complications occurring in COVID-19 patients.
Modeling the Optimal Portfolio: the Case of the Largest European Stock Exchanges
Authors: Aliu Florin , Nuhiu Artor , Krasniqi Besnik , Aliu Fisnik
Published: June 2020

Portfolio optimization is the main concern for portfolio managers. Financial securities are placed within the portfolio based on the investor’s risk tolerance. The study measures the risk-reward relationship when the number of stocks in the portfolio increases. Six diverse portfolios have been created with a different number of stocks, such as portfolios with 47 stocks, 95 stocks, 142 stocks, 190 stocks, 239 stocks, and 287 stocks. Stock prices and trading volume were collected on a weekly basis from the six largest European stock exchanges (FTSE100, CAC40, FTSE MIB, IBEX35, DAX, and MDAX). Markowitz’s (1952) diversification formula has been used to measure the risk level of the individual portfolios. The results of the study show that the diversification risk constantly decreases when we move from the portfolios with 47 stocks to the portfolios with 287 stocks. The weighted average returns increase on the portfolios with a higher number of stocks, which is contrary to the standard portfolio theories. The results of the study indicate managerial implications for financial investors that are focused exclusively on the largest European stock exchanges.
ИСКОПАЕМЫЕ НОРЫ THALASSINOIDES В ОПОКАХ СЕРОВСКОЙ СВИТЫ (СРЕДНЕЕ ЗАУРАЛЬЕ, ВЕРХНИЙ ПАЛЕОЦЕН)
Authors: Трубин Ярослав Сергеевич , Ян Петр Александрович
Published: June 2020

Актуальность исследования. В северных районах Западной Сибири в отложениях танетского яруса отмечаются перерывы осадконакопления, масштабность проявления и диапазон которых остаются неясными. В частности, для доказательства их существования на южных окраинах бассейна требуется привлечение дополнительных палеонтологических и седиментологических данных, которые могут фиксировать кризис привноса осадочного материала. Одним из наиболее надежных источников информации о перерывах в осадконакоплении и других седиментационных событиях могут являться ископаемые ходы. Цель: ихнофациальный анализ кремнистых отложений верхнего палеоцена Западной Сибири. Объект: ископаемые норы Thalassinoides серовской свиты (среднее Зауралье, верхний палеоцен), вмещающие ходы породы (темные опоки с афанитовой структурой), заполняющие ходы породы (светлые опоки с тонкоглобулярной структурой) Методика: полевые исследования, растровая электронная микроскопия, литолого-петрографический, ихнотекстурный, ихнофациальный и седиментологический анализы Результаты. Приведены данные о находках ископаемых следов Thalassinoides в кремнистых породах серовской свиты (верхний палеоцен, среднее Зауралье), и дана характеристика особенностей их морфологии. Рассматриваются вопросы возможных условий, при которых происходило формирование нор и их сохранение в ископаемом состоянии. Микроскопические исследования кремнистых пород серовской свиты позволяют определить особенности и различия в постседиментационных изменениях вмещающих и выполняющих норы отложений. В качестве наиболее вероятных продуцентов ходов Thalassinoides в танетском бассейне определены десятиногие ракообразные. Ископаемые следы в кремнистых формациях палеогена ранее не изучались и приводятся в научной литературе впервые.
Communist human models promoted by the Romanian history textbooks
Authors: Alexandrache Carmen
Published: June 2020

This paper proposes a historical approach of Romanian communist education as it is reflected in the textbooks edited in the second part of XX century. For communist regime the textbooks, especially history ones became a tool of promotion political principles. There are many pictures, texts, exercises, additional readings which offer enough examples about what behaviour ought to be (non)appreciated and manifested by students, what they have to feel, to act or not. Also, scientific contents of textbook transmit to students a set of beliefs and values even if the teacher do not intend to focus on them. In this way, history textbook could be a perfect promoter of communist thinking and lifestyle. In addition, the textbook narrates about some â€žheroesâ€ and their acts, gestures, political and military victories. Talking about them, it is a good way to promote those personalities that could become â€žmodelsâ€ for younger generation. Using theoretical research methodology, we have structured human models, as they had presented in the history textbooks, placing them into a communist human typology. As a result, this paper demonstrates that the textbooks have been important ideological tools, having a bigger impact to students' consciousness and behaviour.
 
Keywords: Education; communist ideology; human models; textbooks; history;
Social Justice and Converging Theories: Library Service for Those with Intellectual and Developmental Disability (IDD)
Authors: Conner Matthew , Plocharczyk Leah
Published: June 2020

While libraries have sought to advance diversity in their services, they have yet to engage a specific population which tests the limits of the profession’s capabilities and the scope of its mission.  Those with Intellectual and Developmental Disability (IDD) combine the categories of learning and physical disabilities and demand the highest level of support.  But the impediments to reading imposed by their cognitive condition make it difficult for them to access the library’s materials.  Beset by funding shortages and systemic change, what are libraries to do?  This study examines how convergent trends in educational theory and practice as well as grass-roots initiatives have created new possibilities for library services to this population.  The study reviews these trends as well as a case study to suggest that libraries have much of what they need in their traditional programming and training when combined with a deeper understanding of the dynamics of social justice.
Efisiensi Penggunaan Imunostimulan dalam Pakan Terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan, Respon Imun dan Kelulushidupan Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Darwantin Ken , Sidik Romziah
Published: June 2020

Abstrak Pemberian Pakan buatan berimunostimulan dari protein membran imunogenik Zoothamnium penaei merupakan salah satu upaya pencegahan penyakit pada udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei), karena penggunaan antibiotik maupun bahan kimia lain belum memenuhi target. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektifitas  penggunaan imunostimulan dalam pakan terhadap laju pertumbuhan, peningkatkan respon imun dan kelulushidupan udang vaname. Metode penelitian dari penelitian ini adalah eksperimen laboratorik dengan pemberian pakan buatan  berimunostimulan dari protein membran imunogenik Zoothamnium penaei dengan dosis 10%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pakan berimunostimulan  dapat meningkatkan respons imun dan kelulushidupan udang vaname tetapi tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap laju pertumbuhan. Total Haemocyte Count (THC) dan Diferrensial Haemocyte Cout (DHC) sama-sama  tertinggi terjadi pada udang vaname yang diberi pakan buatan berimunostimulan dengan dosis 10%  yaitu  sebesar 59,3000 sel/ml dan 14,4875% dengan kelulushidupan tertinggi sebesar 37,50% serta laju pertumbuhan sebesar 0,2108. Pemberian pakan buatan  berimunostimulan dengan dosis 10% memberikan pengaruh yang nyata dan merupakan dosis optimum untuk meningkatkan respon imun dan kelulushidupan, walaupun tidak dapat meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan udang.  Kata kunci:  Udang vaname (Lithopenaeus vannamei), Imunostimulan, Respon imun (THC, DHC), Kelulushidupan, Laju Pertumbuhan
Blood Description, Parasite Investation and Survival Rate Of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Which Is Exposed By Spore Protein Myxobolus koi On Rearing Pond as Immunostimulan Material
Authors: Syafar Laode Abdul
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThis research is an experimental  research to determine the effect of spore protein Myxobolus koi on grass carp (Cyprinus carpio) in rearing pond. The sample used is grass carp (Cyprinus carpio)  90 fish (10-15 cm). Spore protein used in this research is Myxobolus koi spore protein, that has been found by predecessor researchers and has been tested in laboratory as immunostimulan. The exposure was done orally, mixed in the feed, with a dose of 2 μg / gram dose of protein, feeded 1 time before being reared for 30 days. Parameters measured were: (1) leucocytes description (differentiated leucocytes of carp, (2) Parasitic infestation in carp and (3) Survival Rate / SR of carp were reared on pond for 30 days. The collected data is analyzed descriptively.The results showed that there was alteration of leukocytes description (differential leukocytes) in carp (Cyprinus carpio) as an indicator of the immune response. A leukocyte differential examination showed that exposure to the Myxobolus koi spore protein, The highest total lymphocytes occurred in carp exposed to Myxobolus koi spores protein and reared  from pond in Mojokerto, were  77.6%, Monocytes of 16.3%, Heterophyll 14.4%, Eosinophils 7.6% and Basofil 0.4%.  The highest infestation  of Myxobolus koi  occurred in fish that was not exposed to spore protein was 53.33%  after 30 days of reared at pond, while parasitic infestation in fish exposed to spore protein was only 16.66%.  Survival rate  of carp indicated that the highest occurred in carp that exposed with spore protein and reared from pond in Mojokerto, equal to 90%.Myxobolus koi spore protein exposure given orally can makes alteration of leukocytes description (differential leukocytes), Decreased parasite infestation and increased survival of carp fish reared for 30 days, with the result that  Myxobolus koi spore protein can be developed as an immunostimulant material.Keyword: Myxobolus koi, Cyprinus carpio, spore protein, immunostimulant, infestation
Stres Kronis Menurunkan Tebal Lapisan Sel Granulosa Folikel Antral Rattus Norvegicus
Authors: Puriastuti Alifia Candra
Published: June 2020

Kondisi reproduksi seorang perempuan dapat dinilai dari keberlangsungan siklusovarium dan siklus endometrium. Stres yang terjadi secara kronis dapatmempengaruhi siklus reproduksi tersebut. Folikulogenesis yang merupakanbagian dari siklus ovarium dipengaruhi oleh interaksi antara oosit, sel granulosadan sel teka. Komunikasi ini bertujuan sebagai pemberi nutrisi dan sinyalpengatur yang diperlukan untuk maturasi. Tebal lapisan sel granulosa terutamapada fase folikel antral dapat digunakan sebagai marker homeostasis sel dalammempertahankan keberlangsungan folikulogenesis. Membuktikan stres kronisdengan metode chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) dapat menurunkantebal lapisan sel granulosa pada Rattus novergicus. Unit sampel dibagi menjadidua kelompok yakni kelompok kontrol tanpa stres dan kelompok perlakuandengan CUMS 22 hari. Setelah 24 jam dari perlakuan terakhir, tikus dikorbankandan dibuat preparat ovarium dengan pewarnaan hematoxilin eosin. Pengukuransecara histologi tebal lapisan sel granulosa folikel antral di bawah mikroskopdengan menggunakan mikrometer. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan uji Independent T-Test. Hasil uji dalam α = 0.05, nilai T = 2.540, nilai ( ), dapat disimpulkan menolak H0hitung (ada perbedaan signifikan). Makadapat diartikan terdapat penurunan signifikan tebal sel granulosa folikel antralantara kelompok kontrol dibanding kelompok perlakuan. Stres kronis dapatmenurunkan tebal lapisan sel granulosa folikel antral.Kata kunci : stres kronis, tebal lapisan sel granulosa, folikel antral
Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Perubahan Morfologi dari Propionibacterium Acnes Setelah Pemberian Ekstrak Curcuma Xanthorrhiza
Authors: Zahrah Halimatus , Mustika Arifa , Debora Kartuti
Published: June 2020

AbstrakPenatalaksanaan utama pada masalah akne vulgaris adalah penggunaaan antibotik baik topikal maupun oral. Akan tetapi penggunaan antibiotik dinilai telah menimbulkan dugaan resistensi terhadap P. acnes sebagai agent penyebab akne sehingga mendorong berbagai pihak untuk mengembangkan preparat antiinflamasi yang dapat diberikan topical ataupun sistemik. Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. memiliki senyawa utama xanthorrizol yang dinilai potensial untuk dikembangan sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar hambat minimum dan kadar bunuh minimum serta perubahan struktur dinding sel dari Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. terhadap pertumbuhan Propionibacterium acnes. Desain penelitian yang di gunakan adalah eksperimen dengan sampel P. acnes berupa isolate stock culture (ATCC® 11827™) yang selanjutnya ditumbuhkan pada media MHA. Jumlah replikasi yang digunakan sebanyak 4 ulangan. Konsentrasi ekstrak Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. masing-masing 6,25 µg/ml, 12,5 µg/ml, 25 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml dan 100 µg/ml. Pengukuran aktivitas antibakteri didasrkan pada KHM, KBM dan pengamatan struktur dinding sel bakteri melalui metode Microscop Electron Screening (MES). Pemberian ekstrak Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap bakteri P. acnes secara in vitro. Konsentrasi ekstrak 25 µg/ml merupakan kadar minimum yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan P.acnes melalui dilusi cair, sedangkan konsentrasi minimal yang mampu membunuh P.acnes adalah 50 µg/ml. Bakteri P. acnes yang dipapar dengan ekstrak etanol Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. mengalami perubahan morfologi berupa timbulnya dinding sel kasar kasar akibat penyusutan serta adanya dinding sel yang hancur sehingga sitoplasma keluar dan tampak seperti meleleh. Respon daya hambat pertumbuhan bakteri yang dihasilkan Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. dipengaruhi oleh senyawa aktif yang terkandung didalamnya seperti minyak atsiri, alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, kurkuminoid dan terpenoid. Kandungan xanthorrizol yang dimiliki mampu menghambat pertumbuhan P.acnes mampu merusak aktivitas enzim sel, selain itu kandungan Curcuminoid turut berperan dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dengan cara mendenaturasi dan merusak membran sel sehingga proses metabolisme sel terganggu  Kata Kunci: Antibakteri, Akne vulgaris, Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb., MES
Analisis Kebijakan Luar Negeri Qatar untuk Mengakhiri Keanggotaan dalam OPEC pada Tahun 2019
Authors: Rudiany Novita Putri , Lubis Fauzan Ranggi
Published: June 2020

Pada 1 Januari 2019 lalu, Menteri Energi Qatar, Saad Sherida Al-Kaabi, menyatakan bahwa Qatar memilih untuk mengundurkan diri dari keanggotannya di dalam OPEC. Keputusan tersebut mengakhiri 58 tahun keanggotaan Qatar dalam organisasi internasional yang bergerak di bidang minyak bumi tersebut. Pernyataan ini dilanjutkan dengan rasionalisasi terkait strategi baru yang hendak diterapkan Qatar dalam pengembangan potensi LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas). Namun, muncul asumsi bahwa alasan tersebut bukan merupakan satu-satunya yang melatarbelakangi keluarnya Qatar dari OPEC. Oleh karenanya, tulisan ini menganalisis faktor-faktor eksternal yang berpotensi untuk mempengaruhi keputusan Qatar tersebut. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah analisis kebijakan luar negeri yang didasarkan pada kondisi di luar negara. Salah satu determinan dalam pengambilan kebijakan luar negeri tersebut adalah organisasi internasional. Oleh karenanya, faktor tersebut dititikberatkan pada OPEC sebagai organisasi internasional yang menanunginya. Argumen utama dalam tulisan ini adalah bahwa hubungan power dan sosial antar negara menjadi faktor pendorong yang melatarbelakangi sikap negara untuk memilih keluar dari organisasi.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MELAKUKAN PERTOLONGAN PERTAMA PADA KECELAKAAN SISWA SMU DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH UMUM MELALUI METODE SIMULASI DAN ROLE PLAY
Authors: Kurniawati Ninuk Dian , Makhfudli Makhfudli , Laili Nadia Rohmatul , Sukartini Tintin , Wahyuni Erna Dwi , Yasmara Deni
Published: June 2020

Pendahuluan: Kecamatan Cerme merupakan salah satu kecamatan di Kabupaten Gresik dengan angka kejadian kecelakaan yang cukup tinggi dibandingkan dengan daerah lain. Kecelakaan ini memerlukan bantuan dan penanganan awal yang bisa dilakukan oleh orang awam, termasuk siswa SMU untuk mengurangi angka kecacatan dan kematian. SMU Muhammadiyah 8 dan SMK Muhammadiyah 3 berlokasi di tepi jalan raya dimana kecelakaan lalu lintas tersebut sering terjadi, namun pihak sekolah mengungkapkan belum bisa memberikan bantuan karena kurangnya pengetahuan dan ketrampilan dalam memberikan pertolongan pertama. Dengan demikian diperlukan suatu strategi untuk memberdayakan masyarakat dalam memberikan bantuan atau pertolongan pertama, yaitu melalui pengabdian masyarakat dalam rangka peningkatan kemampuan siswa SMU di Kabupaten Gresik dalam memberikan bantuan hidup dasar. Metode: Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan melalui pemberian edukasi melalui simulasi dan bermain peran (role play) kepada para siswa. Alasan dari pemilihan metode ini adalah karena siswa SMU pada dasarnya lebih menyukai pembelajaran partisipatif dibandingkan dengan ceramah. Pembelajaran simulasi akan memberi siswa kesempatan untuk belajar secara langsung melalui melihat, mempraktikkan, serta bermain peran cara melakukan pertolongan pertama pada kecelakaan atau memberikan bantuan hidup dasar. Dengan demikian diharapkan para siswa akan mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan dalam penanganan kecelakaan. Hasil: Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat menghasilkan perubahan yang sesuai dengan target luaran yang telah ditetapkan yaitu peningkatan pengetahuan siswa tentang pertolongan pertama pada korban kecelakaan, meliputi tindakan bantuan hidup dasar, bebat bidai, dan transportasi khusus untuk orang awam. Kesimpulan: Pemberian edukasi melalui simulasi dan bermain peran dalam pengabdian masyarakat pada siswa SMU di Wilayah Kabupaten Gresik meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan siswa akan pemberian pertolongan pertama pada korban kecelakaan.