bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of partial crystallization on the glassy slowdown of aqueous ethylene glycol solutions
Authors: Reuhl Melanie , Monnard Philipp , Vogel Michael
Published: November 2021

Combining differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and broadband dielectric spectroscopy studies, we ascertain the glass transition of aqueous ethylene glycol (EG) solutions, in particular the effects of partial crystallization on their glassy slowdown. For the completely liquid solutions in the weakly supercooled regime, it is found that the dynamics of the components occur on very similar time scales, rotational and translational motions are coupled, and the structural (α) relaxation monotonously slows down with increasing EG concentration. Upon cooling, partial crystallization strongly alters the glassy dynamics of EG-poor solutions; in particular, it strongly retards the α relaxation of the remaining liquid fraction, causing a non-monotonous concentration dependence, and it results in a crossover from non-Arrhenius to Arrhenius temperature dependence. In the deeply supercooled regime, a recrossing of the respective α-relaxation times results from the Arrhenius behaviors of the partially frozen EG-poor solutions together with the non-Arrhenius behavior of the fully liquid EG-rich solutions. Exploiting the isotope selectivity of nuclear magnetic resonance, we observe different rotational dynamics of the components in this low-temperature range and determine the respective contributions to the ν relaxation decoupling from the α relaxation when the glass transition is approached. The results suggest that the ν process, which is usually regarded as a water process, actually also involves the EG molecules. In addition, we show that various kinds of partially crystalline aqueous systems share a common relaxation process, which is associated with the frozen fraction and differs from that of bulk hexagonal ice.
Regional drought synchronised historical fires in dry forests of the Montane Cordillera Ecozone, Canada
Authors: Chavardès Raphaël D. , Daniels Lori D. , Harvey Jill E. , Greene Gregory A. , Marcoux Hélène , Eskelson Bianca N. I. , Gedalof Ze’ev , Brookes Wesley , Kubian Rick , Cochrane Jared D. , Nesbitt John H. , Pogue Alexandra M. , Villemaire-Côté Olivier , Gray Robert W. , Andison David W.
Published: November 2021

Understanding climate as a driver of low- to moderate-severity fires in the Montane Cordillera Ecozone of Canada is a priority given predicted and observed increases in frequency and severity of large fires due to climate change. We characterised historical fire-climate associations using 14 crossdated fire-scar records and tree-ring proxy reconstructions of summer drought and annual precipitation from the region. We compared fire-climate associations among years when fires burned in multiple study areas. From 1746 to 1945, there were 32 years with moderate fire synchrony in which four to six study areas recorded fire. During four high fire synchrony years, 7 to 10 study areas recorded fire. Below-average annual precipitation and summer drought synchronised fires, whereas infrequent years of high fire synchrony were preceded by a wet summer. After 1945, decreased fire occurrence and synchrony reflects fire exclusion, suppression and climatic variation. Global climate change manifests as blocking high-pressure ridges that superimpose on longer fire-seasons and increased droughts. Combined, they make dry forests increasingly susceptible to synchronous fires, which are difficult to suppress as observed during the record-breaking 2017, 2018 and 2021 fire seasons in British Columbia.
Religious identity cues increase vaccination intentions and trust in medical experts among American Christians
Authors: Chu James , Pink Sophia L. , Willer Robb
Published: November 2021

Containing the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States requires mobilizing a large majority of the mass public to vaccinate, but many Americans are hesitant or opposed to vaccination. A significant predictor of vaccine attitudes in the United States is religiosity, with more-religious individuals expressing more distrust in science and being less likely to get vaccinated. Here, we test whether explicit cues of common religious identity can help medical experts build trust and increase vaccination intentions. In a preregistered survey experiment conducted with a sample of unvaccinated American Christians (
n
= 1,765), we presented participants with a vaccine endorsement from a prominent medical expert (NIH Director Francis Collins) and a short essay about doctors’ and scientists’ endorsement of the vaccines. In the common religious identity condition, these materials also highlighted the religious identity of Collins and many medical experts. Unvaccinated Christians in the common identity condition expressed higher trust in medical experts, greater intentions to vaccinate, and greater intentions to promote vaccination to friends and family than those who did not see the common identity cue. These effects were moderated by religiosity, with the strongest effects observed among the most religious participants, and statistically mediated by heightened perceptions of shared values with the medical expert endorsing the vaccine. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of common identity cues for promoting vaccination in a vaccine-hesitant subpopulation. More generally, the results illustrate how trust in science can be built through the invocation of common group identities, even identities often assumed to be in tension with science.
The ubiquitin E3 ligase FBXO22 degrades PD-L1 and sensitizes cancer cells to DNA damage
Authors: De Sarmishtha , Holvey-Bates Elise G. , Mahen Kala , Willard Belinda , Stark George R.
Published: November 2021

Significance

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. PD-L1 is often overexpressed on cancer cells, driving immune-independent, cell-intrinsic functions that increase resistance to DNA-damaging therapies such as IR or cisplatin. FBXO22, a known ubiquitin E3 ligase, decreases the level of PD-L1 in NSCLC cells and increases their sensitivity to DNA-damaging therapies. Furthermore, targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), which is highly expressed in NSCLC, increases FBXO22 levels, leading to decreased expression of PD-L1. Thus, we identify an innovative strategy for treating NSCLC by targeting CDK5 to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy alone or in combination with DNA-damaging therapies.
Listeners’ perception of the quality of simultaneous interpreting and perceived dependence on simultaneous interpreting
Authors: Cheung Andrew K. F.
Published: November 2021

With the rise of the use of English as a lingua franca (ELF), the number of conference speakers and attendees who use English is increasing. Simultaneous interpreting (SI) into and from English may be provided at conferences to meet the needs of individuals with differing levels of English ability. This paper reports on the findings obtained from two sets of experiments that explored the link between listeners’ perceived dependence on SI and their perceptions of its quality. The first set of experiments was conducted onsite and the second using a remote simultaneous interpreting (RSI) setting. Native Hong Kong Cantonese-speaking participants were divided into two groups: one with Russian as the source language (SL) (Russian group) and the other with English as the SL (English group). Both groups listened to the same prerecorded simultaneous interpretation into Cantonese performed by a non-native interpreter. In the onsite setting, the Russian group perceived the non-native-accented interpretation more favorably than the English group did. This suggests that in onsite settings, perceived dependence on SI may be associated with perceptions of its quality; the greater the perceived dependence on SI, the higher the perceived SI quality. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in the RSI setting. Factors such as the inaudible SL in the background, similar levels of perceived dependence, negative feelings about online learning and tensions in the state-society relationship may contribute to the similar quality perception ratings across the two RSI groups.
Storying selves and others at work
Authors: Chałupnik Małgorzata
Published: November 2021

This paper engages with the relationship between story ownership – so who owns a story, tellership – so who has the right to tell it, and functions of workplace narratives as well as the broader social practices at work. Drawing upon discourse and narrative analyses, the paper investigates specifically how the negotiation of meaning visible in the often incomplete and fragmented but naturally-occurring narratives points to the discursive struggle over the construction of self within the specific parameters of the notion of professionalism. The paper identifies the facets of story ownership and discusses how each one can be affected by such regulatory forces of the social practices of work.
Xiphinema rivesi
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: November 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Xiphinema rivesi
Dalmasso. Enoplea: Dorylaimida: Longidoridae. Hosts: polyphagous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Egypt), Asia (Iran, Pakistan), Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Canary Islands), North America (Canada, Ontario, Quebec, Prince Edward Island, Guadeloupe, United States, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia), Oceania (Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, Samoa, Tonga), South America (Argentina, Chile, Peru).
Dependence on Bcl6 and Blimp1 drive distinct differentiation of murine memory and follicular helper CD4+ T cells
Authors: Ciucci Thomas , Vacchio Melanie S. , Chen Ting , Nie Jia , Chopp Laura B. , McGavern Dorian B. , Kelly Michael C. , Bosselut Rémy
Published: November 2021

During the immune response, CD4+ T cells differentiate into distinct effector subtypes, including follicular helper T (Tfh) cells that help B cells, and into memory cells. Tfh and memory cells are required for long-term immunity; both depend on the transcription factor Bcl6, raising the question whether they differentiate through similar mechanisms. Here, using single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing, we show that virus-responding CD4+ T cells lacking both Bcl6 and Blimp1 can differentiate into cells with transcriptomic, chromatin accessibility, and functional attributes of memory cells but not of Tfh cells. Thus, Bcl6 promotes memory cell differentiation primarily through its repression of Blimp1. These findings demonstrate that distinct mechanisms underpin the differentiation of memory and Tfh CD4+ cells and define the Bcl6–Blimp1 axis as a potential target for promoting long-term memory T cell differentiation.
The nonlinear patterns of the cosmic anisotropy: the spatially flat perfect fluid universes
Authors: Gomes Leandro G
Published: November 2021

In this manuscript, we investigate the patterns of the cosmological anisotropy in the spatially flat Bianchi models filled with a perfect fluid. We analyse the factor

1
+
Δ
R

, the ratio of the Hubble parameter in the anisotropic model over its isotropic counterpart. In general,

Δ
R

starts to deviate significantly from zero at a specific redshift

z

A

, which depends on the type of the fluid and the value of the anisotropy magnitude. We also show that the deceleration and the jerk along the principal directions of the expansion tensor are constrained by simple algebraic equations that do not depend on the type of matter present. These characteristic patterns form a valuable framework to probe the cosmological anisotropy in the late-time universe.
Bayesian approach for the optimal control of high-order harmonics for the generation of ultrashort attosecond laser pulses
Authors: Wang Wei-Teng , Sheu Yae-Lin , Chu Shih-I
Published: November 2021

We present an efficient and powerful method to optimize the production of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) and the synthesis of an isolated attosecond pulse. The system under investigation is the helium atoms that are exposed to the combination of chirped two-color mid-IR laser field and its 1s–2p transition frequency. An ab initio study is conducted by solving the three dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation accurately and efficiently by means of the time-dependent generalized pseudospectral method. We applied Bayesian optimization to obtain an optimal laser waveform to generated a HHG spectrum with enhanced harmonics and extended cutoff frequency. Harmonic phases are analysed by the wavelet transform. We demonstrated that an isolated 10 attosecond pulse can be synthesized using a sequence of consecutive and phase-locked harmonics in the plateau region.
CdSe and CsPbBr3 quantum dot Co-doped monolithic glasses as tunable wavelength convertors
Authors: Kıbrıslı Orhan , Erol Erdinç , Ersundu Ali Erçin , Çelikbilek Ersundu Miray
Published: November 2021

CdSe and CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) are well studied photoluminescent materials due to their extraordinary emission properties. However, their vulnerability against environmental conditions limits their integration into further applications. At this point, glass encapsulation offers promising durability features due to its robust and dense structure. In this study, CdSe and CsPbBr3 QDs are successfully synthesized in the same glass host through the melt-quenching technique followed by a single heat-treatment process. Excitation wavelength dependent photoluminescence properties are investigated and emission color tunability of monolithic glasses from yellow-green to red is demonstrated. Favorable quantum yield values are obtained as 21.78% and 16.63% under 345 and 365 nm excitation wavelengths, respectively. The prepared glasses demonstrate high potential to be used as tunable wavelength convertors for state-of-the-art photonic and opto-electronic applications.
Effects of expandable graphite on the flame-retardant and mechanical performances of rigid polyurethane foams
Authors: Wang Xin-chao , Sun Ya-peng , Sheng Jie , Geng Tie , Turng Lih-sheng , Guo Yong-gang , Liu Xian-hu , Liu Chun-tai
Published: November 2021

Polyurethane foams (PUFs) are found everywhere in our daily life, but they suffer from poor fire resistance. In this study, expansible graphite (EG) as flame retardant was incorporated into PUFs to improve material fire resistance. With the presence of EGs in the PU matrix, bubble size in PUF became smaller as confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy. The mass density of PUFs is directly proportional to the content of EG additive. The compression strengths of EG0/PUF and EG30/PUF decrease from 0.51 MPa to 0.29 MPa. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of RPUFs showed that the addition of EGs did not change the functional group structures of RPUFs. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) testing results showed that the carbon residue weight of EG30/PUF is higher than other PU composite foams. The combination of TGA and FTIR indicated that the EG addition did not change the thermal decomposition products of EG0/PUF, but effectively inhibited its thermal decomposition rate. Cone calorimeter combustion tests indicated that the peak of the heat release rate of EG30/PUF significantly decreased to 100.5 kW m−2 compared to 390.6 kW m−2 for EG0/PUF. The ignition time of EG/PUF composites also increased from 2 s to 11 s with incorporation of 30 wt% EGs. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94 standard tests show that the LOI of EG30/PUF can reach 55 vol%, and go through V-0 level. This study showed that adding EG into PU foams could significantly improve the thermal stability and flame retardancy properties of EG/PUF composites without significantly sacrificing material compression strength. The research results provide useful guidelines on industrial production and applications of PUFs.
Magnetic field effect on topological properties of Dirac semimetals PdTe2/PtTe2/PtSe2
Authors: Li Y Z , Zhao L L , Zhao X M , Dai T A , Zhong J X , Meng L J
Published: November 2021

We investigated magnetic field effect on the topological properties of transition metal dichalcogenide Dirac semimetals (DSMs) PdTe2/PtTe2/PtSe2 based on Wannier-function-based tight-binding (WFTB) model obtained from first-principles calculations. The DSMs PdTe2/PtTe2/PtSe2 undergo a transition from DSMs into Weyl semimetals with four pairs of Weyl points (WPs) in the entire Brillouin zone by splitting Dirac points under external magnetic field
B
. The positions and energies of WPs vary linearly with the strength of the
B
field under the
c
-axis magnetic field
B
. Under the
a
- and
b
-axis
B
field, however, the positions of magnetic-field-inducing WPs deviate slightly from the
c
axis, and their k

z
coordinates and energies change in a parabolic-like curve with the increasing
B
field. However, the system opens an axial gap on the A–Γ axis, and the gap changes with the direction of the
B
field when the out of
c
-axis
B
field is applied. When we further apply the magnetic field in the ac, bc, and ab planes, the results are more diverse compared to the axial magnetic field. Under the ac and bc plane
B
field, the k

z
and energies of WPs within angle θ = [0°, 90°] and θ = [90°, 180°] are mirror symmetrically distributed. The distribution of WPs shows broken rotational symmetry under the ab plane
B
field due to the difference of non-diagonal part of Hamiltonian. Our theoretical findings can provide a useful guideline for the applications of DSM materials under external magnetic field in the future topological electronic devices.
Tomographic background oriented schlieren using plenoptic cameras
Authors: Davis Jenna K , Clifford Christopher J , Kelly Dustin L , Thurow Brian S
Published: November 2021

The development of a tomographic background oriented schlieren implementation system utilizing up to four plenoptic cameras is presented. A systematic set of experiments was performed using a pair of solid dimethylpolysiloxan cylinders immersed in a nearly refractive index matched gylcerol/water solution to represent discrete flow features with known sizes, shapes, separation distances, and orientation. A study was conducted to assess the influence of these features on the accuracy of 3D reconstructions of the refractive index field. It was determined that the limited angular information collected by a single plenoptic camera is insufficient for single-camera 3D reconstructions. In multi-camera configurations, the additional views collected by a plenoptic camera were shown to improve the overall reconstruction accuracy compared to an equivalent single view per camera reconstruction, potentially reducing the number of overall cameras needed to achieve a desired accuracy. For the imaging of two cylinders, three or more cameras are generally needed to avoid significant ghosting artifacts in the reconstruction. Quantitative results are presented that show that: (1) two separate cylinders will be individually resolved as long as measurements from one camera are able to observe separation between the cylinders; (2) the error in the reconstructed 3D refractive index field increases as the size of the feature decreases; and (3) the use of volumetric masking within the reconstruction algorithm is critical in order to improve the accuracy of the solution.
A hybrid random laser using dye with self-organized GaN nanorods
Authors: Maryam W , Tan H H , Jagadish C , Dawes J M , Zhao B , Wan Ismail WZ
Published: November 2021

Self-organized GaN nanorods with population densities ranging between 0.1 and 0.5 μm−2 and average heights in the range 1.7–16.5 µm, prepared by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, were used as scattering centers for random lasing by incorporating Rhodamine 6G liquid dye solutions as the gain media. A lasing threshold as low as 11.3 J cm−2 was obtained from samples with nanorod density above 0.3 μm−2. The threshold depended on the nanorod density and diameter, but not the nanorod height. Lasing emission was observed at multiple angles, a clear indication of random lasing.
Multi-resonant metamaterials based on self-sensing piezoelectric patches and digital circuits for broadband isolation of elastic wave transmission
Authors: Yi Kaijun , Liu Zhiyuan , Zhu Rui
Published: November 2021

This paper proposes a general method to design multi-resonant piezoelectric metamaterials. Such metamaterials contain periodically distributed piezoelectric patches bonded on the surfaces of a host structure. The patches are shunted with digital circuits and working on self-sensing mode. A transfer function to be implemented in the digital circiots is designed to realize multi-resonance. The transfer function is derived only using the parameters of the patches. Consequently, it can be used to realize any type of multi-resonant metamaterial structures, like beams, plates and shells. The mechanism of generating multi-bandgaps by the transfer function is explained by analytically studying the effective bending stiffness of a multi-resonant piezo-metamaterial plate. It is shown that the transfer function induces multiple frequency ranges in which the effective bending stiffness becomes negative, consequently results in multiple bandgaps. The characteristics of these bandgaps are investigated, coupling and merging phenomena between them are observed and analyzed. Isolation effects of vibration transmission (elastic wave) in the metamaterials at multiple line frequencies or within a broad frequency band are numerically verified in frequency domain. Further time domain simulations accounting for the full dynamics of the metamaterials with digital circuits are also performed, stability and functionality of the metamaterials are demonstrated. The proposed multi-resonant piezoelectric metamaterials may open new opportunities in vibration mitigation of transport vehicles and underwater equipment.
Localisation determines the optimal noise rate for quantum transport
Authors: Coates Alexandre R , Lovett Brendon W , Gauger Erik M
Published: November 2021

Environmental noise plays a key role in determining the efficiency of transport in quantum systems. However, disorder and localisation alter the impact of such noise on energy transport. To provide a deeper understanding of this relationship we perform a systematic study of the connection between eigenstate localisation and the optimal dephasing rate in 1D chains. The effects of energy gradients and disorder on chains of various lengths are evaluated and we demonstrate how optimal transport efficiency is determined by both size-independent, as well as size-dependent factors. By discussing how size-dependent influences emerge from finite size effects we establish when these effects are suppressed, and show that a simple power law captures the interplay between size-dependent and size-independent responses. Moving beyond phenomenological pure dephasing, we implement a finite temperature Bloch–Redfield model that captures detailed balance. We show that the relationship between localisation and optimal environmental coupling strength continues to apply at intermediate and high temperature but breaks down in the low temperature limit.
Can strangelets be detected in a large LAr neutrino detector?
Authors: Pârvu Mihaela , Lazanu Ionel
Published: November 2021

Predicted as possible bound states of up, down and strange quarks, strangelets could be more energetically favourable and more stable than nuclear matter. In this paper we explore the possibility of detecting such particles with the future large liquid argon detectors developed for neutrino physics. Using signals from ionization and scintillation, as well as measuring the range, we suggest that a calorimetric TPC detector is able to put in evidence and to discriminate between light strangelets and normal isotopes at intermediate energies.
Use of machine-learning for monitoring solar thermal plants
Authors: Hofmann Joachim Werner , Sitzmann Bernd , Dickinson John , Kunz Dominique , Eismann Ralph
Published: November 2021

A machine-learning algorithm (MLA) was developed to assess the operational state of solar thermal plants, based on the data of only one temperature sensor, and the irradiance and ambient temperature data from the nearest weather station. A detailed requirements analysis of the situation results in the classification of a multivariate time series problem. Neural networks used in the field of data science are ideally suited for problems of this type. Data from the operational monitoring system, which runs a rule-based algorithm, were used to train the neural network using the software framework TensorFlow. It was shown that the chosen MLA can detect malfunctions such as heat loss due to gravity-driven circulation during night. However, further development towards a practical tool requires not only far more data for training and validation. It became clear that corresponding pressure data are needed to classify temperature transients and to attribute these classes to certain malfunctions.
Quantification of existing rooftop PV hourly generation capacity and validation against measurement data
Authors: Walch Alina , Rüdisüli Martin , Castello Roberto , Scartezzini Jean-Louis
Published: November 2021

The spatio-temporal patterns of the existing rooftop photovoltaic (PV) production can provide valuable insights for the design of effective strategies for PV integration at large scale. In this work, we quantify the hourly production of existing rooftop PV installations by combining two large-scale methods, for detecting rooftop solar panels and for estimating their hourly PV generation, which are both applicable at the Swiss national scale. A validation against measured data of PV installations from 16 roofs in the Swiss Canton of Aargau shows that the existing PV area is detected accurately, while the hourly profiles overestimate the PV production, with higher errors in winter than in summer. These errors result in a mean overestimation of the annual PV production by 16%, assuming a triangular panel placement at low tilt (15°) on flat roofs.
Big Building Data 2.0 - a Big Data Platform for Smart Buildings
Authors: Linder Lucy , Montet Frédéric , Hennebert Jean , Bacher Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2021

The modern built environment is now connected. Multiple software and protocols are used in buildings of many kinds, thus creating a fascinating and heterogeneous environment. Within this context, applied research can be complicated and would benefit from a single data location across projects and users. The first version of BBData tried to solve this problem, BBData v2.0 is an update with a better-defined scope and a new codebase.

The solution has been open sourced and simplified with a full software rewrite. Its components are now state-of-the-art and proven to be stable in industrial settings. The achieved performances have been thoroughly tested. Together with its new architecture, BBData v2.0 now accommodates the needs of modern experiments; efficient for simple proof of concepts while keeping the possibility to scale up to city-level projects. This flexibility makes BBData a good candidate for research while being able to scale in production settings.
Short-Term Load Forecasting in a microgrid environment: Investigating the series-specific and cross-learning forecasting methods
Authors: Genov Evgenii , Petridis Stefanos , Iliadis Petros , Nikopoulos Nikos , Coosemans Thierry , Messagie Maarten , Camargo Luis Ramirez
Published: November 2021

A reliable and accurate load forecasting method is key to successful energy management of smart grids. Due to the non-linear relations in data generating process and data availability issues, load forecasting remains a challenging task. Here, we investigate the application of feed forward artificial neural networks, recurrent neural networks and crosslearning methods for day-ahead and three days-ahead load forecasting. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is evaluated against a statistical benchmark, using multiple accuracy metrics. The test data sets are high resolution multi-seasonal time series of electricity demand of buildings in Belgium, Canada and the UK from private measurements and open access sources. Both FFNN and RNN methods show competitive results on benchmarking datasets. Best method varies depending on the accuracy metric selected. The use of cross-learning in fitting a global RNN model has an improvement on the final accuracy.
Building Materials for Cities and Climate Change – a Material Catalogue with Recommendations
Authors: Hoffmann C , Geissler A , Mutti M , Wicki A , Schwager F
Published: November 2021

High urban density with heat accumulating materials and sealed surfaces can cause heat stress and reduced nocturnal cooling in summer. Appropriate building materials may contribute to the mitigation of this effect. The research project evaluates building materials for façades and outer surfaces (ground) on the resulting urban microclimate and on factors like glare, acoustics and embedded energy. The present publication focuses on the impact on the microclimate. The analysis comprises the simulation of forty-seven data sets in a microclimatic model with ENVI-met. The results show that during daytime the PET for the whole neighborhood ranges between 30.1 and 36.4 °C. Choosing a bright instead of a dark color can lower the PET between 0.2 and 1.0 K. Dark colored metal sheets may cause turbulences which lead to a reduction of the PET between 2.0 and 3.8 K (compared to a bright metal sheet). However, this effect may not be reproducible under varying boundary conditions. During night-time, the resulting span of ambient temperatures between the materials reaches 21.4 to 22.0 °C (level 1.7 m). The temperature difference between the materials at the level of 10.7 m (for night ventilation) is found to be approx. 0.3 K and can be considered irrelevant.
Implementing air-based thermally activated building systems in retrofitted tertiary buildings – Towards the proof of concept
Authors: Cézard M , Labat M , Lorente S
Published: November 2021

Here we document the design method of an air-based thermally activated building system (TABS) suited for the retrofitting of tertiary buildings, for cooling purposes mainly. The first phase of this work provides a general design and checks its consistency with the specifications of tertiary buildings by means of basic energy balances. Second, a numerical model of both the TABS and the room is developed under a finite element method multi-physics environment to better estimate the transient heat transfer for the proposed retrofitting solution. This results in the specifications for building at 1:1 scale prototype whose construction is documented.
Information model development for the quality assurance of technical equipment in small buildings
Authors: Stobbe M , Gerber A , Herkel S , Réhault N , Nytsch-Geusen C
Published: November 2021

Ensuring energy quality, i.e. compliance with specified or standardised energy performance indicators of buildings over the entire life cycle, can reduce the climate impact of the building sector. In this work, the causes for quality deficiencies in small building services installations as well as the structure of actors interacting with building services were analysed. On this basis, we developed a solution approach in the form of an information model including a catalogue of all requirements and the necessary content to address and improve the quality assurance of HVAC in small buildings. This information model will serve as the basis for future digital tools that can perform (partially) automated heating load calculations and the design of heating systems, improve installation logistics and installation quality through providing information and the necessary processing, and enable improved hydraulic balancing and control.
Evaluation of a new user-centric sensor-based lighting control approach for circulation areas
Authors: Karaman Madan Ö , Pekeriçli MK
Published: November 2021

Suitable lighting control strategies are essential for energy efficiency in buildings. Occupancy sensors are highly promoted by the building codes as one of the most cost-effective solutions in the sector. However, widespread use of these systems is still limited due to lack of user satisfaction. In this study, it is hypothesized that the “conventional use” of occupancy sensors (where user steps inside a dark area, and only afterwards the area becomes lit) is the reason behind the dissatisfaction. To overcome this problem, a new user-centric sensor-based lighting control approach is proposed in this study where users walk into an already lit area. An experiment was carried out in the circulation areas of a university building to test the feasibility of the proposed scenarios along with a conventional occupancy sensor scenario and the existing “no sensor” scenario. The main results revealed that the conventional use of occupancy sensors was not favoured by the participants in circulation areas while use of the proposed user-centric approach was as favourable as the existing constantly lit situation. It is the claim of this study that both energy efficiency and user satisfaction can be provided by the use of user-centric control systems.
Non-domestic building stock energy and carbon modelling for policy advice – a user requirements survey
Authors: Bischof Julian , Duffy Aidan
Published: November 2021

In recent years, many building stock models have been developed to advise and guide policymakers. In most models, however, user needs were not formally established. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to formally undertake a user needs‘ assessment for building stock energy and carbon models. To achieve this aim, a bilingual exploratory online user requirements’ survey was developed. The survey was designed to gather information in the following areas: the general interests of the potential model users; their experiences with related studies and models; the desired properties of non-domestic building stock energy models; and any technical limitations, such as computational resources. A total of 19 responses were obtained. Users favour tools which are: usable, transparent; flexible; compatible with other tools; and provide clear, understandable results.
Stay cool without fossil fuel. A passive eco-cooler for low-income population in informal settlements
Authors: Dabaieh Marwa , Zakaria Monica Michel , Kazem Medhat
Published: November 2021

With climate change severe events, more and more vulnerable populations suffer from extreme heat waves. This paper presents a hands-on experimental idea for testing vernacular passive cooling strategies using traditional Shisha clay funnels for the Egyptian hot dry climate. Several clay funnels were investigated in terms of shape, size and form. The clay funnels were measured and simulated for their efficiency in accelerating air flow inside residential units and ability to enhance the air velocity if used combined with cross ventilation strategies. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted in ANSYS Fluent to understand the airflow behaviour inside the simulated test shoe boxes resembling living rooms - using the standard k-∈ turbulence model - for single and multi-units’ configurations. Followed by experimental test cells application for the cooling system and monitoring for testing thermal performance. The simulation results showed significant enhancement in air flow and air speed inside the test room compared to conventional windows, while the test cells monitoring showed an average reduction in indoor temperature and humidity with 2 degrees and 15 % respectively. Further monitoring is needed for other alternations of the eco-cooler funnel design for better performance.
Thermal performance of a non–segmented and segmented tall atrium in hot and humid climate
Authors: Pawar Priya , Zhang Deying , Wu Xiaoying , Lang Werner
Published: November 2021

The study was designed to quantify the thermal conditions in tall atria in office buildings to serve as a starting point towards understanding their performance. The simulation study of a non-segmented and segmented atrium of 250 m height reveals indoor air temperature, wind velocity contours and wind pressure coefficients at various heights of each atrium type. In a hot and humid climate like that of Singapore, the internal temperatures within each atrium stack remain constant at 27°C. However, the wind velocity in the non-segmented atrium (of 0.5 - 0.7 m/s) is lower than acceptable (0.9 m/s) for human occupancy. Adding segments and a larger inlet to the atrium solves the problem of low wind velocity without increasing the effective ambient temperature within the atrium stack. Additionally, the segmented atrium offers the advantage of displaying lower buoyancy forces by lowering the pressure differential within a tall stack thereby providing better comfort conditions.
XXII International Scientific Conference “Physical Interpretations of the Relativity Theory PIRT-2021”
Authors: Gladyshev V O , Rowlands P , Morozov A N
Published: November 2021

July 5 - 8, 2021, Bauman Moscow State Technical University hosted the XXII International Conference on Modern Problems of the Theory of Relativity, Cosmology, and Astrophysics “Physical Interpretations of the Relativity Theory PIRT-2021”.

List of International Advisory Council, Conference Committee, Local Committee, Invited Speakers, Support to the conference are available in this pdf.
The structure of the curvature tensor of plane gravitational waves
Authors: Babourova O V , Frolov B N , Khetzeva M S , Kushnir D V
Published: November 2021

Plane gravitational waves in the Riemann space of General Relativity is considered. The criterion of plane gravitational waves is used based on the analogy between plane gravitational and electromagnetic waves. The Theorem is proved that the action of the Lie derivative on the plane wave curvature 2-form in the direction of the vector generating the invariance group of this wave in the Riemann space is equal to zero. It is justified that the gravitational waves can be used to transmit information in the Riemann space.
Gravitation in Theory of Space-Time Film and Galactic Soliton
Authors: Chernitskii Alexander A
Published: November 2021

The scalar field of extremal space-time film is considered as unified fundamental field. Metrical interaction between solitons-particles as gravitational interaction is considered here in approximation of a weak fundamental field. It is shown that the signature of metrics {-,+,+,+} in the model formulation provides the observable gravitational attraction to a region with bigger energy density of the fundamental field. The induced gravitational interaction in the space-time film theory is applied to stars in a galaxy. The conception of galaxy soliton of space-time film is introduced. A weak field asymptotic solution for a galaxy soliton is proposed. It is shown that the effective metrics for this solution can provide the observable velocity curves for galaxies and explains their spiral structure. Thus a solution for so-called dark matter problem in the framework of space-time film theory is proposed.
Resilient Experiments in Rural Housing: Architectural Experiments in Planned Housing
Authors: Galford G , Tucker L M
Published: November 2021

Single family houses contribute substantially to climate change in the US and other parts of the world. In the US specifically, most housing has been designed by builders and developers. The motivation has not been sustainability and a knowledge of how to design net zero energy and net zero water dwelling is not commonly understood. This paper seeks to use a historical model as viewed through the lens of the Living Building Challenge to demonstrate how an architect designed historic example might provide a way of implementing a cutting-edge approach to sustainable housing today. Arthurdale was an early 20th century housing experiment that was conceptualized to provide for sustainable living in rural Appalachia. This paper presents the history of the region, an overview of the houses and the Living Building Challenge and then analyses how this historic prototype might model a sustainable housing development today using the Living Building Challenge system.
Commoning: Towards the Eviction of Kampung Bidaracina, Jakarta
Authors: Fikri Muhammad Luthfi , Herlily
Published: November 2021

Over the past decades, flood control has been providing the rationale for evictions in Jakarta. Underlying this study is a set of notions where the eviction plan would bring up uncertainty to their commons: the risk of possible destructions of their commons, the uncertainty of livelihood, or the dubiousness of securing a decent amount of compensation. Considering that, this study is trying to identify the scope of commons and commoning in long-envisioned yet unimplemented eviction of RW 04 Bidaracina, Jakarta, as well as to understand its relation to resilience in several forms. We conducted interviews to understand the aspirations of the residents of RW 04 Bidaracina to answer the questions of this research, which concern mainly on how the notions of commoning are manifested in a community expecting a rather uncertain eviction. The result corresponds favourably with existing studies on kampung as urban commons.
Local Traditions and Environmental Preservation - Genius Loci in Penglipuran Village in Protecting Public Spaces
Authors: Mahardika I N U , Ayu Gusti , Suartika Made , Saputra Kadek Edi
Published: November 2021

Community groups who live in traditional settlements mostly have a wealth called genius loci, which actually has very insight into the preservation of the natural and cultural environment. Bali also has several unique traditions that are not only in terms of settlement layouts, but are unique in terms of preserving the natural landscape. Meanwhile, there are some areas in Indonesia that are not able to maintain environmental sustainability, which is indicated by the continued increase in deforestation rates which are a sign of the deteriorating quality of the surrounding environment. Based on this, this article discusses the traditions applied in landscape conservation in Penglipuran Bangli village. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. To preserve the natural environment, there are several traditions that are still maintained and implemented consistently, including traditions: Preserving village forests, keeping the environment clean, telajakan karang kerti, may not use vehicles on the main village corridor. The application of local traditions related to environmental preservation is carried out consistently and with full awareness by both the community and the prajuru as leaders in the Penglipuran Traditional Village. The success of nature conservation cannot be separated from the clear, firm, consistent application of awig-awig accompanied by sanctions, as well as public awareness of the importance of landscape conservation.
Conversion of Public Green Open Spaces to Facilitate the Tourist Industry
Authors: Gusti Ayu Dwi Muliasari I , Suartika Gusti Ayu Made , Saputra Kadek Edi
Published: November 2021

Green open space is a space is dominated by an open environment, it can be in the form of parks, green lines, or recreational facilities. The benefits of having green open space in an area are that it can improve the quality of the environment, create environmental harmony and balance, provide freshness, a place for water absorption, and as a component of the structure and space of the city. In the development of an area, the ecological value of the land is often sacrificed to be replaced with a more economical function, such as the construction of additional facilities in the tourism area. To maintain the benefits of green open space, this study discusses the increasing use of green open space in the construction of tourism supporting facilities, especially those in Giriloyo Batik Village. This research is expected to be used as a consideration for the management of the Giriloyo Batik Village area, which later on the area can be managed properly, both in terms of physical and non-physical. This study used qualitative research methods. The impact of the construction of tourism support facilities in Giriloyo Batik Village shows that in the last 14 years there has been a change in land use. In particular, the change in the use of green open space as a support for tourism areas of 3 hectares or 3% of green open space is now used as built-up land. The tourism facilities in question include Gazebo Batik, cottage industries, dam, parking areas, and secretariats that put pressure on the land.
Road Intersection as a Public Space and Venue for Advertisements in an Urban Setting
Authors: Wayan Yoga Bahagia Putra I , Suartika Gusti Ayu Made , Saputra Kadek Edi
Published: November 2021

Advertising media uses a lot of public space as a place to advertise which can reduce the function of public space in urban areas. This study aims to determine the use of urban space as a medium for outdoor advertising that interrupts and reduces the function of space. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive data analysis methods. The four intersections on Jalan Raya Dalung have interrupted the function of public spaces, including functions as pedestrians (pedestrian paths), telajakan (as an element of reforestation), protecting the environment, and as borders. Inappropriate placement of advertising media creates a chaotic impression and visual chaos.
Effect of Dietary Black Cumin Seeds (Nigella Stavia),Garlic(Allium Sativum)and Lettuce Leaves (Lactuca Sativa) on Performance and Egg Qualty Traits of Native Layer Hens
Authors: Mohammed Hasan Abdullah , Al-Hameed Sanaa A. M.
Published: November 2021

This work is done in rental house at Shaqlawa/Erbil city and It has been adapted to be a typical miniature field for experiment. (two month rearing ),for native layer at age (35week). Aimed of this experiment to investigate the effect of dietary 5% individual powder of black seeds, garlic and grinding of lettuce leaves on performance and egg quality traits of layer Hens. Atotal number of 64 layer distributed for four treatments, each of treatment included 16 hen and 4 cock, The treatments were as follows : T1 (control) without any addition, T2: 5% black cumin seeds powder, T3: 5% garlic powder, T4 : 5% lettuce leaves grinding. Result observed that T4 impact to improve the egg performance and color yolk egg, best value pointed in T1 for eggs phenotype characterized further for Albumin, yolk length/cm and significant (P≤0.05) with other treatments. Results also shown in T3 were the best value for egg shell strength (Kg/cm2). T2 observed better value for thickness, egg shell weight/g and percentage of egg shell. T3 obtained best value for yolk height and yolk Albumin index egg and H.U, followed by T2.