bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single Institution Experience with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Vulvar and Vaginal Melanomas
Authors: Ladwa Amrita , Elghawy Omar , Kaur Varinder
Published: August 2024

Objectives. This study aimed to report clinical outcomes of patients with vaginal melanoma (VaM) or vulvar melanoma (VuM) who were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and discuss the development of immune‐related adverse events (irAE). Materials and Methods. This is a retrospective case series of patients diagnosed with VaM or VuM between July 2011 and September 2022 at the University of Virginia, Emily Couric Clinical Cancer Center. Patient demographics, disease characteristics, treatment outcomes, and adverse events were abstracted. The primary outcome was incidence of irAE. Results. Eight patients were included in this study, four with VaM and four with VuM. Most (n = 6) had local or regional disease at first presentation, and 25% (n = 2) presented with distant metastasis. All patients received a CTLA‐4 inhibitor and 75% (n = 6) received PD‐1 inhibitor alone or in combination with a CTLA‐4 inhibitor. Most (75%, n = 6) patients experienced irAE. Of those who had irAE, 83% (n = 5) required therapy interruption or discontinuation. Most (66%, n = 4) underwent ICI rechallenge of which 75% (n = 3) experienced subsequent irAE. Of all patients in the series, 75% of patients (n = 6) had partial or complete response to ICI. Conclusion. This series is the first to detail incidence of irAEs and ICI rechallenges in vulvovaginal melanoma. Our findings indicate that while ICIs are effective, their use is associated with significant irAE development. Rechallenge of ICI after irAE is feasible but associated with risk of recurrent/new irAE. Further studies are needed to better quantify this risk.
Delivering the National Diabetes Prevention Program: Assessment of Retention, Physical Activity, and Weight Loss Outcomes by Participant Characteristics and Delivery Modes
Authors: Ng Boon Peng , Ely Elizabeth , Papali’i Michelle , Cannon Michael J.
Published: August 2024

Type 2 diabetes disproportionately affects older adults, persons from racial and ethnic minority groups, and persons of low socioeconomic status. It can be prevented or delayed through evidence‐based interventions such as the National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) lifestyle change program (LCP). This analysis is aimed at evaluating the outcomes (i.e., retention, physical activity, and weight loss) associated with participation in the National DPP LCP by participant characteristics and delivery mode (i.e., in‐person, online, distance learning, and combination) using the 2012–2018 Diabetes Prevention Recognition Program (DPRP) data. Across all delivery modes, there were generally no substantial differences in retention between male and female participants, but male participants tended to have higher physical activity and weight loss (e.g., average weight loss for in‐person delivery: 5.0% for males and 4.3% for females). Older participants had better retention rates than younger participants in all delivery modes and mostly higher physical activity and weight loss except for distance learning delivery (e.g., average weight loss for in‐person delivery: 5.1% for those aged 65+ and 3.3% for those aged 18–34). Among the seven racial and ethnic groups studied, retention was generally highest for non‐Hispanic/Latino (NH)‐White participants and lowest for Hispanic/Latino participants. Physical activity varied by racial and ethnic groups and delivery mode. NH‐White participants generally had the most weight loss except for distance learning delivery, and NH‐Black/African American participants had the least (e.g., average weight loss for in‐person delivery: 5.1% for NH‐White participants, 3.3% for both NH‐Black/African American and NH‐American Indian/Alaska Native participants, and other racial and ethnic minority groups ranged from 3.4% to 4.9%). Monitoring and identifying disparities across demographics and delivery modes, particularly across multiple racial and ethnic groups, provides information that can be used to improve the implementation of the National DPP LCP by tailoring the intervention to reduce disparities.
Enhanced Photo‐Catalytic Degradation of MB Dye over Hydrothermal Grown‐Up of ZnO/SnO2 Catalyst
Authors: Dharmana Govinda , Nadikatla Santhosh Kumar , Gurugubelli Thirumala Rao , Viswanadham Balaga
Published: August 2024

In this work, pure ZnO, SnO2, and ZnO‐SnO2 nanostructured composites (Z‐S heterostructure) are fabricated by a facile and environmental savvy hydrothermal method at 230°C for 12 hours and followed by high‐temperature annealing. The synthesized samples were examined to analyse the structural and optical characteristics using XRD, TEM, XPS, and UV‐DRS techniques. Investigate the photocatalytic activity (PCA) of pure ZnO, SnO2, and Z‐S heterostructure for the decolorization of methylene blue (MB) model pollutant in wastewater using visible light irradiation. XRD analysis reveals that ZnO and SnO2 exhibit hexagonal wurtzite structure and tetragonal rutile structure. TEM micrographs infer the nanorod‐like structure of ZnO, nanoflake‐like structure of SnO2, and a thin nanosheet‐like structure of Z‐S. XPS analysis evidence for the presence of constitutes elements and Zn+2, Sn+2, O−2 valance states along with environmental peaks in Z‐S heterostructure. The optical band gaps of ZnO (3.37 eV), SnO2 (3.6 eV), and Z‐S heterostructure (2.84 eV) are inferred by UV‐DRS analysis, together with evidence for the red shift. Under two hours of visible light illumination, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of MB dye in pure ZnO, SnO2, and Z‐S heterostructure is 38.55, 32.68, and 82.45%. The formation of a unique Z‐S heterostructure and the maximum departure of charge carriers are the reasons for obtaining robust degradation activity than pristine ZnO and SnO2. MB dye degradation process in the presence of Z‐S heterostructure photocatalyst, the reusability test findings, and the suggested charge separation technique for customizing Z‐S heterostructure photocatalyst under visible light irradiation is presented.
Alzas en el precio de la luz: impactos posibles y soluciones
Authors: García Carlos J.
Published: August 2024

Este artículo analiza el reciente aumento en las tarifas eléctricas en Chile, sus causas y posibles impactos económicos. El autor explica que el alza se debe en parte al descongelamiento de precios tras el "estallido social" y la pandemia de COVID-19, así como a la dependencia parcial de fuentes de energía más costosas y volátiles. Se estima que este aumento podría resultar en un menor crecimiento del PIB y un aumento de la inflación. Sin embargo, el artículo también destaca la transición de Chile hacia energías renovables como una posible solución a largo plazo. El autor sugiere que se necesitan políticas que aceleren la adopción de energías eólica y solar para asegurar una oferta de energía eléctrica abundante y barata, crucial para impulsar la innovación y el crecimiento económico.
Negociación Multinivel en Chile: ¿hacia un nuevo actor político?
Authors: Atzeni Maurizio
Published: August 2024

Este artículo discute la propuesta de introducir la negociación colectiva por rama o sector económico en Chile, en contraste con el sistema actual de negociación a nivel de empresa. Los autores argumentan que esta reforma podría fortalecer significativamente la posición negociadora de los trabajadores y mejorar las condiciones laborales. Sin embargo, también señalan desafíos importantes, como la necesidad de resolver cuestiones de representatividad sindical. El artículo sugiere que, aunque la negociación por rama podría mejorar los derechos laborales, no garantiza por sí sola que los sindicatos se conviertan en actores políticos poderosos. Para lograr esto, se requiere una mayor unidad y estrategia común en el movimiento sindical chileno.
LTβR Agonism Promotes Antitumor Immune Responses via Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: An Disi , Chen Guoying , Cheng Wei-Yi , Mohrs Katja , Adler Christina , Gupta Namita T. , Atwal Gurinder S. , DiLillo David J. , Daly Christopher , Lin John C. , Kuhnert Frank
Published: August 2024

The presence of high endothelial venules (HEV) and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in solid tumors is correlated with favorable prognosis and better responses to immune checkpoint blockade in many cancer types. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying intratumoral HEV and TLS formation and their contribution to antitumor responses may facilitate the development of improved treatment strategies. Lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) signaling is a critical regulator of lymph node organogenesis and can cooperate with antiangiogenic and immune checkpoint blockade treatment to augment tumor-associated HEV formation. In this study, we demonstrated that LTβR signaling modulates the tumor microenvironment via multiple mechanisms to promote antitumor T-cell responses. Systemic activation of the LTβR pathway via agonistic antibody treatment induced tumor-specific HEV formation, upregulated the expression of TLS-related chemokines, and enhanced dendritic cell (DC) and T-cell infiltration and activation in syngeneic tumor models. In vitro studies confirmed direct effects of LTβR agonism on DC activation and maturation and associated DC-mediated T-cell activation. Single-agent LTβR agonist treatment inhibited syngeneic tumor growth in a CD8+ T-cell–dependent and HEV-dependent manner, and the LTβR agonist enhanced antitumor effects of anti-PD-1 and CAR T-cell therapies. An in vivo tumor screen for TLS-inducing cytokines revealed that the combination of LTβR agonism and lymphotoxin ⍺ expression promoted robust intratumoral TLS induction and enhanced tumor responses to anti-CTLA4 treatment. Collectively, this study highlights crucial functions of LTβR signaling in modulating the tumor microenvironment and could inform future HEV/TLS-based strategies for cancer treatments.

Significance: LTβR mediates tumor-specific  high endothelial venule formation and immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment that promotes antitumor immune responses, supporting LTβR agonism as an approach to enhance the antitumor efficacy of immunotherapies.
Targeting BCL2 with Venetoclax Enhances the Efficacy of the KRASG12D Inhibitor MRTX1133 in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Becker Jeffrey H. , Metropulos Anastasia E. , Spaulding Christina , Marinelarena Alejandra M. , Shields Mario A. , Principe Daniel R. , Pham Thao D. , Munshi Hidayatullah G.
Published: August 2024

MRTX1133 is currently being evaluated in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors harboring a KRASG12D mutation. Combination strategies have the potential to enhance the efficacy of MRTX1133 to further promote cell death and tumor regression. In this study, we demonstrated that MRTX1133 increased the levels of the proapoptotic protein BIM in PDAC cells and conferred sensitivity to the FDA-approved BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax. Combined treatment with MRTX1133 and venetoclax resulted in cell death and growth suppression in 3D cultures. BIM was required for apoptosis induced by the combination treatment. Consistently, BIM was induced in tumors treated with MRTX1133, and venetoclax enhanced the efficacy of MRTX1133 in vivo. Venetoclax could also resensitize MRTX1133-resistant PDAC cells to MRTX1133 in 3D cultures, and tumors established from resistant cells responded to the combination of MRTX1133 and venetoclax. These results provide a rationale for the clinical testing of MRTX1133 and venetoclax in patients with PDAC.

Significance: The combination of MRTX1133 and the FDA-approved drug venetoclax promotes cancer cell death and tumor regression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, providing rationale for testing venetoclax with KRASG12D inhibitors in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Figures from Systemic Blockade of Clever-1 Elicits Lymphocyte Activation Alongside Checkpoint Molecule Downregulation in Patients with Solid Tumors: Results from a Phase I/II Clinical Trial
Authors: Virtakoivu Reetta , Rannikko Jenna H. , Viitala Miro , Vaura Felix , Takeda Akira , Lönnberg Tapio , Koivunen Jussi , Jaakkola Panu , Pasanen Annika , Shetty Shishir , de Jonge Maja J.A. , Robbrecht Debbie , Ma Yuk Ting , Skyttä Tanja , Minchom Anna , Jalkanen Sirpa , Karvonen Matti K. , Mandelin Jami , Bono Petri , Hollmén Maija
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Figures
Data from Systemic Blockade of Clever-1 Elicits Lymphocyte Activation Alongside Checkpoint Molecule Downregulation in Patients with Solid Tumors: Results from a Phase I/II Clinical Trial
Authors: Virtakoivu Reetta , Rannikko Jenna H. , Viitala Miro , Vaura Felix , Takeda Akira , Lönnberg Tapio , Koivunen Jussi , Jaakkola Panu , Pasanen Annika , Shetty Shishir , de Jonge Maja J.A. , Robbrecht Debbie , Ma Yuk Ting , Skyttä Tanja , Minchom Anna , Jalkanen Sirpa , Karvonen Matti K. , Mandelin Jami , Bono Petri , Hollmén Maija
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurpose:
Macrophages are critical in driving an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that counteracts the efficacy of T-cell–targeting therapies. Thus, agents able to reprogram macrophages toward a proinflammatory state hold promise as novel immunotherapies for solid cancers. Inhibition of the macrophage scavenger receptor Clever-1 has shown benefit in inducing CD8+ T-cell–mediated antitumor responses in mouse models of cancer, which supports the clinical development of Clever-1–targeting antibodies for cancer treatment.
Patients and Methods:
In this study, we analyzed the mode of action of a humanized IgG4 anti–Clever-1 antibody, FP-1305 (bexmarilimab), both in vitro and in patients with heavily pretreated metastatic cancer (n = 30) participating in part 1 (dose-finding) of a phase I/II open-label trial (NCT03733990). We studied the Clever-1 interactome in primary human macrophages in antibody pull-down assays and utilized mass cytometry, RNA sequencing, and cytokine profiling to evaluate FP-1305–induced systemic immune activation in patients with cancer.
Results:
Our pull-down assays and functional studies indicated that FP-1305 impaired multiprotein vacuolar ATPase–mediated endosomal acidification and improved the ability of macrophages to activate CD8+ T-cells. In patients with cancer, FP-1305 administration led to suppression of nuclear lipid signaling pathways and a proinflammatory phenotypic switch in blood monocytes. These effects were accompanied by a significant increase and activation of peripheral T-cells with indications of antitumor responses in some patients.
Conclusions:
Our results reveal a nonredundant role played by the receptor Clever-1 in suppressing adaptive immune cells in humans. We provide evidence that targeting macrophage scavenging activity can promote an immune switch, potentially leading to intratumoral proinflammatory responses in patients with metastatic cancer.
Integrative Multiomic Profiling of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer for Identifying Suitable Therapies
Authors: Jovanović Bojana , Church Sarah E. , Gorman Kara M. , North Khrystyna , Richardson Edward T. , DiLullo Molly , Attaya Victoria , Kasparian Julie , Mohammed-Abreu Ayesha , Kirkner Gregory , Hughes Melissa E. , Lin Nancy U. , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Schnitt Stuart J. , Tolaney Sara M. , Goel Shom
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease that carries the poorest prognosis of all breast cancers. Although novel TNBC therapies in development are frequently targeted toward tumors carrying a specific genomic, transcriptomic, or protein biomarker, it is poorly understood how these biomarkers are correlated.

Experimental Design:

To better understand the molecular features of TNBC and their correlation with one another, we performed multimodal profiling on a cohort of 95 TNBC. Our approach involved quantifying tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes through hematoxylin and eosin staining, assessing the abundance of retinoblastoma, androgen receptor, and PDL1 proteins through IHC, and carrying out transcriptomic profiling using the NanoString BC360 platform, targeted DNA sequencing on a subset of cases, as well as evaluating associations with overall survival.

Results:

Levels of RB1 mRNA and RB proteins are better correlated with markers of retinoblastoma functionality than RB1 mutational status. Luminal androgen receptor tumors clustered into two groups with transcriptomes that cluster with either basal or mesenchymal tumors. Tumors classified as PDL1-positive by the presence of immune or tumor cells showed similar biological characteristics. HER2-low TNBC showed no distinct biological phenotype when compared with HER2-zero. The majority of TNBC were classified as basal or HER2-enriched by PAM50, the latter showing significantly improved overall survival.

Conclusions:

Our study contributes new insights into biomarker utility for identifying suitable TNBC therapies and the intercorrelations between genomic, transcriptomic, protein, and cellular biomarkers. Additionally, our rich data resource can be used by other researchers to explore the interplay between DNA, RNA, and protein biomarkers in TNBC.
Supplementary Table S3 from mTORC1-Driven Protein Translation Correlates with Clinical Benefit of Capivasertib within a Genetically Preselected Cohort of PIK3CA-Altered Tumors
Authors: Sobsey Constance A. , Froehlich Bjoern C. , Mitsa Georgia , Ibrahim Sahar , Popp Robert , Zahedi Rene P. , de Bruin Elza C. , Borchers Christoph H. , Batist Gerald
Published: August 2024

Detailed results of pathway mapping by Qiagen IPA
Figure S3 from BRCA Status Dictates Wnt Responsiveness in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Chehade Hussein , Gogoi Radhika , Adzibolosu Nicholas K. , Galoforo Sandra , Fehmi Rouba-Ali , Kheil Mira , Fox Alexandra , Kim Seongho , Rattan Ramandeep , Hou Zhanjun , Morris Robert T. , Matherly Larry H. , Mor Gil , Alvero Ayesha B.
Published: August 2024

Chord diagrams of top 10 differentially regulated Pathways and involved DEGs in BRCA1mt vs HRwt
Supplementary Figure S4 from mTORC1-Driven Protein Translation Correlates with Clinical Benefit of Capivasertib within a Genetically Preselected Cohort of PIK3CA-Altered Tumors
Authors: Sobsey Constance A. , Froehlich Bjoern C. , Mitsa Georgia , Ibrahim Sahar , Popp Robert , Zahedi Rene P. , de Bruin Elza C. , Borchers Christoph H. , Batist Gerald
Published: August 2024

Combination treatment of cell lines with capivasertib and an eIF2α inhibitor
Figure 6 from BRCA Status Dictates Wnt Responsiveness in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Chehade Hussein , Gogoi Radhika , Adzibolosu Nicholas K. , Galoforo Sandra , Fehmi Rouba-Ali , Kheil Mira , Fox Alexandra , Kim Seongho , Rattan Ramandeep , Hou Zhanjun , Morris Robert T. , Matherly Larry H. , Mor Gil , Alvero Ayesha B.
Published: August 2024

Decreased tumor growth kinetics and improved survival in mice bearing ID8Trp53−/−;Brca2−/− cells. ID8 mouse ovarian cancer cells were injected intraperitoneally in C57BL/6 mice (n = 6). A, Abdominal width was used as surrogate for intraperitoneal tumor growth; note the significant decrease in tumor growth in mice bearing ID8Trp53−/−;Brca2−/− cells. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA with mixed-effect analysis was used to calculate statistical significance. B, Kaplan–Meier survival curve showing improved overall survival (defined as the day abdominal width reached 3.4 cm) in mice bearing ID8Trp53−/−;Brca2−/− cells. The log-rank test was used to calculate statistical significance. C, Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of intraperitoneal tumors were immunostained for β-catenin. D, Quantification of C as detailed in “Materials and Methods” (n = 3); ordinary one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons was used to calculate statistical significance. n.s., not significant.
A Novel Splice Site Variant in KLHL40 Gene in Multiple Affected NEM8 Family Members Who Present Phenotypic Variability
Authors: Sönmez Beria , Kocabey Mehmet , Polat Ayşe İpek , Gürsoy Semra , Karaoğlu Pakize , Horvath Rita , Schon Katherine R. , Ülgenalp Ayfer , Yiş Uluç , Çağlayan Ahmet Okay , Giray Bozkaya Özlem
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Nemaline myopathy (NEM) is a heterogeneous muscle disease, which usually presents with hypotonia and muscle weakness. Biallelic pathogenic variants of KLHL40 gene cause severe form of NEM (NEM8), which leads to a wide range of symptoms, including hypotonia, muscle weakness, joint contractures and fractures. Nemaline bodies in muscle fiber are characteristic findings of the disease. Case Presentation: Here, we presented three affected individuals in a family with variable phenotypes, in whom the same novel splice-site variant in KLHL40 gene (c.1607+3A>T) was detected. Discussion: This study expanded the spectrum of genotype and phenotype of NEM8, and emphasized that molecular genetic tests are highly valuable in diagnosis of patients with inconclusive muscle biopsy results.
Associations between Earlobe Creases and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Small Vessel Disease Markers in a Chinese Cohort of Patients with Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Cao Weiyin , Xu Xiuman , Wang Lixuan , Liu Chenchen , Fu Qin , Zhang Shiya , Xu Jiaping , Huang Zhichao , Cai Wu , You Shoujiang , Cao Yongjun
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The association between earlobe crease (ELC) and cerebral small vessel disease, including white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and brain atrophy, is unclear, especially in the setting of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Here, we aimed to investigate the association between ELC and WMHs as well as brain atrophy among AIS patients. Methods: A total of 730 AIS patients from China were enrolled. Patients were divided into groups without and with ELC, unilateral and bilateral ELC according to pictures of bilateral ears. Logistic regression models were employed to assess the impact of ELC, bilateral ELC on WMHs, periventricular hyperintensities (PVHs), deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMHs), and brain atrophy, as measured by the Fazekas scale and global cortical atrophy scale, in brain magnetic resonance imaging. Results: There were 520 (71.2%) AIS patients with WMHs, 445 (61.0%) with PVH, 462 (63.3%) with DWMH, and 586 (80.3%) with brain atrophy. Compared to those without ELC, patients with ELC were significantly associated with an increased risk of PVH (odds ratio [OR] 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–2.77) and brain atrophy (OR: 6.18; 95% CI: 3.60–10.63) but not WMHs and DWMH. The presence of bilateral ELC significantly increased the odds of WMHs (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.00–2.56), PVH (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.18–2.96), and brain atrophy (OR: 8.50; 95% CI: 4.62–15.66) when compared to individuals without ELC. Furthermore, we discovered that the association between bilateral ELC and WMHs, PVH, and DWMH was significant only among individuals aged ≤68 (median age) years (all p trend ≤0.041). However, this association was not observed in patients older than 68 years. Conclusions: In Chinese AIS patients, the presence of the visible aging sign, ELC, especially bilateral ELC, showed independent associations with both WMHs and brain atrophy, particularly among those younger than 68 years old.
Epidemiology of Spinal Cord Injury in Adults in Sweden, 2016–2020: A Retrospective Registry-Based Study
Authors: Josefson Charlotta , Rekand Tiina , Lundgren-Nilsson Åsa , Sunnerhagen Katharina S.
Published: August 2024

Study Design: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive register study. Objective: The aim of the study was to present the epidemiological and demographic characteristics of the Swedish spinal cord injury (SCI) population. Setting: Rehabilitation units in Sweden were connected to the National Quality Register for Rehabilitation Medicine (Svenskt Register för Rehabiliteringsmedicin: SveReh). The registry includes data from 26 units around the country. Methods: Information was extracted from SveReh for patients who underwent rehabilitation for a new onset SCI between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2020. Data regarding gender, age, aetiology, level of injury, neurogenic bowel and/or bladder dysfunction, complications during the primary rehabilitation, and the need for bi-level positive airway pressure, continuous positive airway pressure, or ventilator were analysed. Results: Mean age at onset was 56 years, and men were overrepresented (66%). Tetraplegia was more common among traumatic SCI (TSCI) than non-traumatic SCI (NTSCI). The incidence was 11.9–14.8 per million for TSCI and 8.9–11.8 per million for NTSCI. At discharge, 8% of patients needed a breathing aid. Of those who were ventilator-dependent at discharge, 75% had a TSCI. Disturbed bowel and bladder functioning was noted in 58% of patients at discharge. The median time spent at the unit was 40 days, but it was approximately 2 weeks longer for those with a TSCI. Conclusions: Systematic and updated data on the Swedish SCI population show a pattern similar to Scandinavian countries with high age at onset and falls being the main cause of TSCI. The TSCI incidence was lower than in previous studies, and the results for NTSCI were novel.
Relative Blood Volume Monitoring during Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Maeda Akinori , Baldwin Ian , Spano Sofia , Chaba Anis , Phongphithakchai Atthaphong , Pattamin Nuttapol , Hikasa Yukiko , Bellomo Rinaldo , See Emily
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Hematocrit monitoring during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) allows the continuous estimation of relative blood volume (RBV). This may enable early detection of intravascular volume depletion prior to clinical sequelae. We aimed to investigate the feasibility of extended RBV monitoring and its epidemiology during usual CRRT management by clinicians unaware of RBV. Moreover, we studied the association between changes in RBV and net ultrafiltration (NUF) rates. Methods: In a cohort of adult intensive care unit patients receiving CRRT, we continuously monitored hematocrit and RBV using a pre-filter noninvasive optical sensor. We analyzed temporal changes in RBV and investigated the association between RBV change and NUF rates, using the classification of NUF rates into low, moderate, or high based on predefined cut-offs. Results: We obtained >60,000 minute-by-minute measurements in >1,000 CRRT hours in 36 patients. The median RBV change was negative (decrease) in 69% of patients and the median peak change in RBV was −9.3% (interquartile range: −3.9% to −14.3%). Moreover, the median RBV decreased from baseline by >5% in 40.2% of measurements and by >10% in 20.6% of measurements. Finally, RBV decreased significantly more when patients received a high NUF rate (>1.75 mL/kg/h) compared to low or moderate NUF rates (5.32% vs. 1.93% or 1.97%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Continuous hematocrit and RBV monitoring during CRRT was feasible. RBV decreased significantly during CRRT, and decreases were greater with higher NUF rates. RBV monitoring may help optimize NUF management and prevent the occurrence of intravascular volume depletion.
The Mediation Pathway Linking Dental Caries and Academic Performance in Children
Authors: Quadri Mir Faeq Ali , Ahmad Basaruddin
Published: August 2024

Introduction: There is little discussion in the literature on the pathway linking oral health problems and academic performance (AP) in children. This study investigated the hypothesis that the influence of dental caries on academic performance is mediated through toothache and impacted sleep and study activities. Methods: This cross-sectional study on children aged 12–14 years collected data on the exposure (decayed tooth index), outcome (school examination results), and mediator (school absence due to toothache, and oral health impact on sleep and study performances using the Child-Oral Impact on Daily Performance instrument) variables. It used mediation analysis to examine the indirect effects of a single and two serial mediators using model 4 (caries → mediator → AP) and model 6 (caries → mediator 1 → mediator 2 → AP), respectively, in PROCESS macro add-on software in IBM SPSS v24. Analyses were carried out separately for boys and girls at a 5% significance level. Results: In model 4, school absence due to toothache (boys: 95% CI: 0.42, 1.01; girls: 95% CI: 0.58, 0.98), and impacted sleep (95% CI: 0.13, 0.41; 95% CI: 2.17, 13.03), and study (95% CI: 0.05, 0.42; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.94) performance were significant single mediators in both sexes. In model 6, school absence due to toothache and impacted sleep activity (boys: 95% CI: 0.02, 0.29 and girls: 95% CI: 1.37, 12.81), and school absence due to toothache and impacted study activity (girls: 95% CI: 1.37, 12.81) were significant two serial-mediators. Conclusion: This study provides empirical evidence showing that dental caries and toothache can impact academic performance as they disrupt sleep and study performances to influence the learning and cognition process. The finding bridges the understanding of the mechanism underpinning the relationship and thus, further emphasizes the importance of caries prevention in children with high caries risk for improving their health outcomes and educational experience.
Perceived Attributes Towards Development of Muslim Heritage Tourism in the Municipality of Sofronio Española: Basis for Action Plan
Authors: Angeles Ivan P. , Sarail Judy Ann V.
Published: August 2024

This research explores the potential of Muslim heritage tourism in Sofronio Española, Palawan, as a driver of economic growth and cultural exchange. The study investigates residents' perceived attributes towards this tourism development, focusing on socio-cultural, economic, and environmental aspects. A descriptive correlational design was employed, surveying 381 residents across nine barangays using stratified random sampling. The findings indicate a high level of agreement among residents on the positive socio-cultural impact of preserving Muslim heritage sites, the economic benefits of tourism-related income and job creation, and the necessity of sustainable environmental practices. The demographic profile revealed a predominance of females (61.2%), a youthful population with 60% aged 18-27, and a high level of educational attainment, with 48.6% having attended college. Despite these insights, statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between demographic factors (age, length of residency, educational attainment) and perceived attributes, suggesting widespread support for tourism development across different demographic segments. The study concludes that while demographic factors do not significantly influence perceptions, the overall positive outlook on Muslim heritage tourism highlights its potential for fostering sustainable development. Recommendations include enhancing community engagement, supporting local entrepreneurship, implementing sustainable tourism practices, and developing a comprehensive tourism action plan. These strategies aim to capitalize on the rich cultural and natural assets of Sofronio Española, promoting it as a premier destination for Muslim heritage tourism. This research provides a foundational understanding that can guide policymakers and stakeholders in creating effective tourism development initiatives that benefit both residents and visitors.
Coleção etnográfica de escravos africanos do extremo sul do Brasil
Authors: Silveira Ana Paula Lima
Published: August 2024

Há três décadas as coleções etnográficas em museus foram alvo de críticas que problematizavam sua formação e suas narrativas sobre os grupos a elas associadas. Esse debate se configura de diferentes formas. Muitas coleções foram (e ainda são) marcadas pelo colonialismo. Outras se constituíram no âmbito de pesquisas antropológicas. Paulatinamente processos de descolonização as reconfiguraram. Nesse sentido, antropólogos/as e outros profissionais passaram a incorporar fazeres e saberes dos sujeitos/coletivos investigados. Práticas mais dialógicas incluem os grupos como sujeitos em processos que reverberam novas formas de coletar, documentar, preservar e exibir as coleções.Diferentes são os avanços e desafios. Essas práticas se ancoram numa nova ética pautada pela efetiva participação das comunidades. Como sistematizar e incorporar as contribuições de pesquisadores, especialmente antropólogos/as, na construção destes novos paradigmas? Este artigo propõe articulações com uma coleção brasileira preservada em Berlim, Alemanha.
Diálogos entre antropologia do direito e performance
Authors: Schritzmeyer Ana Lucia Pastore , Fiori Ana Letícia de , Aquino Jânia Perla Diógenes de , Angotti Bruna
Published: August 2024

This text’s title is the same as the Panel that provided, in the end of 2021, a reunion between these four researchers and the remembrance of an important point of convergence in their trajectories: the Anthropology, Performance and Drama Nucleus at the University of São Paulo (NAPEDRA-USP). In this article, Ana Letícia de Fiori points out the interfaces between crimes and dangers attributed to games. Bruna Angotti narrates the power of a performance-seminar for the development of her doctorate. Jânia Perla Diógenes de Aquino recovers anthropological-performance analyzes of major bank robberies and Ana Lúcia Pastore Schritzmeyer tells how parts of NAPEDRA’s history and some of her researches in anthropology of law intermeshed and fed back each other.
Social Risk Profile and Cardiovascular‐Kidney‐Metabolic Syndrome in US Adults
Authors: Li Jingkuo , Lei Lubi , Wang Wei , Ding Wenbo , Yu Yanwu , Pu Boxuan , Peng Yue , Li Yinchu , Zhang Lihua , Guo Yuanlin
Published: August 2024

Background

Poor cardiovascular‐kidney‐metabolic (CKM) health is associated with premature mortality and excess morbidity in the United States. Adverse social conditions have a prominent impact on cardiometabolic diseases during the life course. We aim to examine the association between social risk profile (SRP) and CKM multimorbidity among US adults.

Methods and Results

We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2018. The definition of CKM syndrome is the coexistence of subclinical or clinical cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and metabolic disorders. We classified participants by 4 CKM stages according to the different clinical severity of different forms of CKM syndrome. We calculated the summed number of positive SRP measures, including employed, high‐income level, food secure, high education attainment, private insurance, owning a house, and married, as SRP scores and classified them into 4 levels by quartiles: low (0–2), lower‐middle (3–4), upper‐middle (5–6), and high (7–8). A total of 18 373 US adults, aged 20 to 79 years, were included in our analyses. There were 2567 (9.4%) participants with low SRP score level. Most individual SRP measures and a combined SRP score were associated with CKM stages. Compared with high SRP score level, low SRP level was associated with higher odds of having CKM stage 1 (odds ratio [OR], 1.34 [95% CI, 1.06–1.70]), CKM stage 2 (OR, 2.03 [95% CI, 1.59–2.58]), CKM stage 3 (OR, 5.28 [95% CI, 3.29–8.47]), and CKM stage 4 (OR, 5.97 [95% CI, 4.20–8.49]).

Conclusions

Cumulative social disadvantage, denoted by higher SRP burden, was associated with higher odds of CKM multimorbidity, independent of demographic and lifestyle factors.
Confidence of Financial Markets in a Dictatorship – Portugal 1926–1974
Authors: Tomás Ana , Valério Nuno
Published: August 2024

This paper discusses the confidence of financial markets in the Portuguese public debt during the period of military dictatorship (1926–1933) and authoritarian regime (1933–1974). It concludes that the military dictatorship and the authoritarian regime enjoyed a good relationship with financial markets, except at the beginning, as a consequence of the problems resulting from World War I, and at the very end, as a consequence of the impact of the first oil shock.
Examining ‘STEM Education as Culture’ through an Analysis of Lesson Plans as Cultural Apparatus
Authors: Teo Tang Wee , Mabulo Sherwin John San Buenaventura
Published: August 2024

This article presents findings from the document analysis of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) lesson plans written and enacted in Southeast Asian classrooms aimed at providing integrative learning experiences for students. The authors argue that the culture of STEM education is embodied in teacher-designed STEM lesson plans or cultural apparatuses. The authors applied Sewell’s theory of culture to unpack the cultural embodiments (physical and abstract elements) embedded in six STEM lesson plans comprising lesson schedules, worksheets, and handouts. The findings showed that certain categories of culture were more evident in specific components of a STEM lesson package. The article contributes to the relatively nascent literature that, to date, has not closely examined teacher-designed integrated STEM curricula using a cultural lens. The study also has implications for STEM teachers to consider making cultural embodiments and practices more visible during their lesson planning and framing of STEM curriculum.
Revised lectotypification of four names in Eriolaena (Malvaceae)
Authors: RANJAN VINAY , KUMAR HEMANT , KUMAR ANANT
Published: August 2024

The genus Eriolaena DC. (1823:102) (Malvaceae) is distributed to Asia and Africa, comprises c. 27 species (POWO 2024), and seven taxa in India (Malick 1993). Eriolaena lushingtonii Dunn (1915:88), E. quinquelocularis (Wight & Arn.) Drury (1864:99) and E. candollei var. stocksii (Hook.f. & Thomson ex Mast.) K.C.Mohan (2020:3683) are endemic to India. Eriolaena is characterized by basally clawed petals, 15 or < 15 (antheriferous) stamens in staminal column adhering ovary, long style with spreading stigmas, and woody dehiscent capsule with numerous winged seeds (Long & Rae 1991, Malick 1993, Tang et al. 2007, Chandramohan et al. 2020). While reviewing the taxonomy of Eriolaena, it became apparent that some names are inadvertently typified (Chandramohan et al. 2020) in the past. Herein, we discussed and outlined nomenclature errors to avoid ambiguity, and lectotypified.
Morphology, phylogenetic position and distribution of Mallomonas mangofera and Mallomonas foveata comb. et stat. nov. (Synurales, Chrysophyceae)
Authors: GUSEV EVGENIY S. , MARTYNENKO NIKITA A. , PODUNAY YULIA A. , KUZMIN DENIS V.
Published: August 2024

Strains of Mallomonas mangofera var. mangofera and M. mangofera var. foveata from Russia and Vietnam were studied. Their phylogenetic position was revealed using the SSU rDNA + rbcL cpDNA dataset. The ultrastructure of scales and bristles was studied using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Based on these studies, a new combination was proposed: Mallomonas foveata comb. et stat. nov. The problems associated with the identification of Mallomonas mangofera and determination of the scale morphotype belonging to this taxon are discussed, and a new emended formal description and holotype are proposed. Based on the literature data and metabarcoding results, the distribution of Mallomonas mangofera and Mallomonas foveata was revised. Mallomonas mangofera has been recorded mainly in the temperate zone of Eurasia, North America and Japan. Mallomonas foveata has a wider distribution and is more often observed in regions with a warm climate.
Arthromyces pulverulentus sp. nov. (Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Lyophyllaceae), a new insect associated conidia-producing species from the cloud forests of Colombia
Authors: FRANCO-MOLANO ANA E. , BARONI TIMOTHY J. , VAN DE PEPPEL LENNART J. J.
Published: August 2024

This is the third arthroconidial-producing agaric discovered for the genus Arthromyces found in the neotropics. Arthromyces pulverulentus from the cloud forests of Colombia is described and illustrated. The new species can be distinguished from other members of the genus Arthromyces by its thick mycelioid roll around the margin of the pileus that produces copious amounts of smooth phaeoarthrospores. This newly discovered species, like other members of the genus, is associated with insect-faecal pellet masses of an unidentified insect.
Pseudokiefferiella ferringtoni sp. nov. (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) from North America
Authors: MAKARCHENKO EUGENYI A.
Published: August 2024

In this article I continue to publish the data obtained as a result of the revision of the subfamily Diamesinae, namely of the genus Pseudokiefferiella Zavřel, 1941. As we noted earlier (Makarchenko & Semenchenko 2023), before the start of molecular genetic study this genus was considered as monotypic, that is, with one species of Ps. parva (Edwards) in Holarctic region (Ashe & O’Connor 2009). According to work of Stur and Ekrem (2020), as well as the results of our research and data of GenBank, there are at least 6 species in the genus Pseudokiefferiella that are well separated by DNA barcoding, while adult males poorly differ morphologically. However, species of this genus can be successfully identified by the morphological structures of the pupa, if it is associated with a male imago. As confirmation of this, below is provided a description of Pseudokiefferiella ferringtoni sp. nov. from North America based on the adult male and pupa, in which the originality of a new species is corroborated by the morphological structures of the pupa.
Formulary Reconciliation: Implementation of a Comprehensive Approach to Formulary Maintenance and Standardization
Authors: Martino Janine G. , Stevens Craig , Park Brian Jung Hoon
Published: August 2024

At our institution UC San Diego Health, formulary qualifiers such as indication expansions and restrictions based on provider specialty, patient location, or patient characteristics are input as free text into an online formulary platform. Inconsistency in formulary categories and their descriptions since the implementation of the electronic system have led to confusion and inconsistent formulary application amongst staff. We reviewed 880 unique medications with formulary qualifiers to standardize both categories and language. There were 537 items with inpatient restrictions (eg, restricted to service), 147 items with a restriction to outpatient use only, 94 items with a formulation restriction, 91 items with associated guidelines, and 11 items with formulary expansions. Formulary status descriptions were updated to be consistent and clear. A standardized and well-maintained formulary, via formulary reconciliation, can provide concise and informative insight to the formulary status for frontline healthcare staff.
Altered states of consciousness in Danish healthy volunteers and recreational users of psilocybin and the possible impact of setting and intention: Danish validation of the five-dimensional altered states of consciousness questionnaire
Authors: Hovmand Oliver Rumle , Madsen Martin Korsbak , Fisher Patrick MacDonald , Stenbæk Dea Siggaard
Published: August 2024

Background:

Psychedelic substances reliably induce marked altered states of consciousness (ASC), which may be important for lasting effects and clinical outcomes of psychedelic intervention. Several instruments are available to measure the acute psychedelic experience, of which the Five Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness Questionnaire (5D-ASC) is commonly used. The questionnaire can be scored and analyzed as having five dimensions or 11 subscales, but the two have not been evaluated with comparable factor analysis methods.

Methods:

The Danish translation of the 5D-ASC was completed by one sample of healthy volunteers receiving psilocybin in a laboratory setting ( N = 47) and one sample of recreative users5D-ASC of psychedelics ( N = 550), who reported retrospectively through an online survey based on their most recent experience with psilocybin. We calculated internal consistency measures of Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega, conducted a confirmatory factor analysis of the previously suggested factor structures, and tested for possible associations between the 5D-ASC total scores and dose, setting, and intention. For the 11 subscales, we reported omega-sem (composite reliability) using the parameters of the fitted confirmatory factor analyses model.

Results:

Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 11 subscales had a good fit to data and showed a better fit compared to the originally proposed five-dimensional solution and good internal consistencies. We further found that the 5D-ASC total scores correlated positively with the dose in the recreative sample. We found no correlations between 5D-ASC total scores and intention or setting.

Discussion:

We find the Danish 5D-ASC to be a valid tool for measuring ASC among Danish-speaking individuals.
Evaluation of Surface Morphology and Stress Distribution of Orthodontic Mini-implants in Maxilla: A Three-dimensional Finite Element Study
Authors: Keeranthodika Naseem , Nambiar Indu , Kandy Binu Purushothaman Panar , Ashok Amrita , Parambil Muhammed Fairooz Palakkott , Kandoth Aswathi
Published: August 2024

Objectives:

Inaccurate design, insertion or loading of mini-implant may lead to disturbed bone turnover and subsequent implant failure. This study assesses the two commonly used types of implants and their bone stress pattern and determines which type of implant may be more patient-compatible.

Method:

The samples were categorized into four groups and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy to assess the surface morphology. Stress distribution was estimated using finite element method for which three-dimensional (3D) models of the maxilla and mini-screws were prepared. The implant was then inserted 5 mm from the alveolar crest onto the buccal cortical plate of maxilla between the second premolar and first molar within the platform of Ansys Workbench software. Two loads were applied: 5 Ncm and 2 N. Evaluation of von Mises stresses in the bone was estimated.

Results:

The study concluded that tapered stainless steel screws exerted greater stress on the bone than titanium screws in both situations. As the diameter increased from 1.3 mm to 1.5 mm, the mini-screw displacement and stress were less. Under 2 N force, the stress was distributed around the head and neck of the mini-implant and the cortical bone.

Conclusion:

The assessment of von Mises stress distributed around an orthodontic mini-implant under a constant load revealed that stainless steel mini-screws generated more stress than titanium mini-screws. It was observed that the majority of the stress and strain is tolerated by the cortical bone, not the cancellous bone. The diameter of mini-screw is more significant irrespective of material composition.