bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEDE KORKUT’UN YENİ NÜSHASI ÜZERİNE HAZIRLANAN YAYINLAR VE 13. BOYUN OKUMA KARŞILAŞTIRMASI
Authors: GÜLSER İbrahim
Published: April 2021

Türk halkının, Türk dili ve edebiyatının değerli eserleri vardır. Bunlardan biri de hiç şüphesiz ki Dede Korkut Kitabı’dır. Bu nedenle üzerine sayısız bilimsel araştırma yapılmış ve yapılmaya da devam etmektedir. Son bir yıl içerisinde ise Türk kültürü, edebiyatı ve dili açısından eşsiz bir hazine olan bu eser ve Dede Korkut araştırmaları adına heyecan verici gelişmeler yaşanmıştır. Dede Korkut’un bilinen Dresden ve Vatikan nüshalarına bir yenisi eklenmiştir. Nüsha, İran’ın Türkmen Sahra bölgesinde yazma eserlere meraklı Veli Muhammed Hoca isimli bir mühendis tarafından bulunmuştur. Bu nüshanın bulunuşu, içerisinde yeni soylamalar ve yeni bir hikâye/boy barındırması açısından Türkoloji adına çok önemi bir gelişmedir. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız ise yayınlarda Türkmen Sahra, Günbet, Türkistan/Türkmen Sahra gibi isimlerle tanıtılan, Türkoloji alanında büyük yankı uyandıran yeni nüsha üzerine yapılmış olan ilk yayınlardaki okuma farklılıklarına dikkat çekmek ve bu alandaki araştırmalara katkı sağlamaktır. Ayrıca çalışmada, ilk bilimsel tanıtımından bu yana geçen sürede; yayın hakkının kimde olduğu, bulunuş hikâyesi, muhteviyatı ve özellikleri gibi yeni nüsha etrafında gelişen diğer konulara da değinilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuna, nüsha hakkında kaynakçamız dışında kalan yayınlardan oluşan bir bibliyografya bölümü eklenmiştir. Bu çalışma; okuma farklılıkları üzerine düzeltme önerilerinde bulunma, doğru okumaları belirleme ve yeni okuma tavsiyeleri sunma gibi amaçlar içermez. Bu hususlar üzerinde, konunun uzmanı olan akademisyenler ilerleyen zamanlarda daha detaylı bilgiler vereceklerdir şüphesiz. Çalışmamız; okuma farklarına dikkat çekmek, ilk yayınlar hakkında genel bir perspektif oluşturmak ve yeni araştırmalara ilham vermek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.
بررسی عوامل تاثیرگذاری نگارگری ایران بر نگارگری شبه قاره هند در دوره حکومت مغولان
Authors: SAHAFIASL Parisa
Published: April 2021

عوامل متعددی بر روند تاثیرگذاری نگاره های ایران بر نگاره های شبه قاره هند در دوران حکومت مغولان موثر بوده است. موضوع این پژوهش بررسی عوامل تاثیرگذاری نگارگری ایران بر نگارگری شبه قاره هند در دوره حکومت مغولان است. در این پژوهش با بررسی منابع کتابخانه ای و بکارگیری روش توصيفی- تحليلی با رویکرد تاریخی، آثار نگارگری دوران حکومت مغولان بر شبه قاره هند از منظر شیوه پیدایش، ساختار، خصایص صوری و عوامل تاثیرپذیری از هنر ایرانی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته ‏است. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش، آثار نگارگری هند در عصر حکومت مغولان، به گونه ای چشم گیر معرف نفوذ هنر ایرانی است. به طور کلی، گرایش هنرمندان شبه قاره در دوره حکومت مغول به هنرهای تصویری ایران‏ و نفوذ قواعد هنر ایرانی در آثار نگارگری این کشور، متأثر از دو منبع بوده است: نخستین منبع وجود تعداد زیاد نسخ خطی مصور و غیرمصور در کتابخانه‏ های شاهان مغول است. دومین منبع، مهاجرت شماری از هنرمندان نگارگر ایرانی به خواست خود و یا با دعوت حاکمان شبه قاره در این دوره به هند است که منجر به تأثیرگذاری نگارگری ایرانی بر نگارگری دوره حاکمیت مغولان بر هند گردید. یکی از ویژگی های بارز نگاره های این دوره، رواج گسترده تک چهره سازی و تمایل آشکار به ثبت واقع گرایانه چهره ها است. در دوران حکومت مغولان هند بر شبه قاره، نگارگری که در ابتدا در خدمت تزیین متون ادبی بود، بعداً شخصیت جداگانه ای یافت. با این حال، در این آثار، هنرمندان ویژگی های اساسی کار خود مانند طراحی پیشرفته و میل به واقع گرایی را حفظ کردند.
ŞEBİNKARAHİSAR BİBLİYOGRAFYASI
Authors: KARAMAN Oktay
Published: April 2021

Şebinkarahisar, Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin Doğu Karadeniz Bölümü’nde yer alan Giresun’a bağlı, geçmişindeki tarihî, coğrafik, demografik nitelikleri ve kültürel varlıklarının zenginliği ile dikkat çekici bir yerleşim yeridir. Şebinkarahisar’ın kesin kuruluş tarihi tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Ancak şehrin de bulunduğu bölgenin Milattan önceki yüzyıllarda da, bir yaşam alanı olduğu tarihçiler tarafından kabul edilmektedir. Şehir tarih boyunca birçok medeniyete ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Büyük Selçuklu Sultanı Alparslan 1071 Malazgirt Savaşı’ndan sonra, Şebinkarahisar bölgelerini Mengücük Gazi’ye ikta olarak vermiştir. Sevli Bey, Danişment Gazi’nin emriyle Lâdik’ten harekete geçerek Çarşamba, Ordu, Giresun kırsalı ile Şebinkarahisar yöresini 1074 yılında fethetmiştir. Bu tarihten itibaren Şebinkarahisar ve çevresinde Türk hâkimiyeti başlamıştır. Şebinkarahisar’ın Türkler tarafından fethedilmesinden sonra, buraya pek çok Türk Beyliği ve Türk Devleti hâkim olmuştur. Danişmentliler, Mengücüklüler, Saltuklular, Türkiye Selçukluları, Eratnalılar, Kadı Burhaneddin Ahmet Devleti, Mutahharten Beyliği, Akkoyunlular, Karakoyunlular ve Osmanlı Devleti, Şebinkarahisar ve çevresinde hüküm sürmüşlerdir. Bu çalışmada, Şebinkarahisar hakkında bilgi veren arşiv belgeleri, akademik çalışmalar ve araştırma eserleri, künye bilgileri ile birlikte verilmiştir. Bu çalışmaya kadar Şebinkarahisar ile ilgili üç bibliyografya çalışması yapılmış ve toplam 140 akademik çalışmadan bahsedilmiştir. Bu çalışmada ise, akademik çalışmalar dışında arşiv belgeleri hakkında da bilgi verilmiştir. Çalışmada, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri’ndeki Osmanlı ve Cumhuriyet Arşivi’ndeki belgeler incelenmiştir. Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu Tez Merkezi’nden, Şebinkarahisar hakkında hazırlanan tezler taranmıştır. Şebinkarahisar hakkında yazılan makaleler ve sempozyum bildirileri tespit edilmiştir.
Effects of ingredients and cooking time on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of different homemade tomato sauces
Authors: Özer Çağla
Published: April 2021

Tomato is one of the most consumed fruits in the world. Tomato sauce, a tomato product, is one of the mother sauces that has been developed by Escoffier (1846-1935). Nowadays, tomato sauce has been adapted by each country according to their own culinary culture. In the current study four different tomato sauce recipes were investigated in the context of their antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. Hydrophilic and lipophilic extractions of samples were evaluated separately. It was found that there is a relationship between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in hydrophilic extraction. However, no similar correlation was found between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in lipophilic extraction. According to the results, the highest antioxidant activity of both hydrophilic and lipophilic extractions was observed in S1 with the values 25.53±1.01 and 45.48±2.06 respectively. In lipophilic extraction, S2 had the lowest antioxidant activity with 32.77±1.07, because of the lack of the ingredients high in lipophilic antioxidant compounds. It was observed that the shortest cooking time with 10 min provide the highest retention of antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in this sauce. Also, antioxidant activity of lipophilic extraction for longer cooking time applied sauces (S4) could be kept high with ingredients such as carrot. It can be suggested that adding of ingredients which have antioxidant activity may be useful for providing bioactive properties in long cooking time procedures and it should be noted that the length of cooking time negatively affected the TPC values.
Effects of different types of herbs on colour and texture properties of Kashar cheese
Authors: Aydın Engin , Tarakçı Zekai
Published: April 2021

In this study, six types of Kashar cheese, five with added herbs and one without any additives, which is determined as a control sample were produced. Urtica dioica L. (nettle), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Mentha piperita (mint) and Eruca vesicaria (arugula), Chaerophyllum byzantinum Boiss. (mendek) were added to cheese clot in proportion as 0.1% amounting to 0.1-0.3 cm split particles depending on the milk used. Then, all the cheeses were vacuum-packed and ripened at 7 ±1°C for 3 months, and their L*, a*, b* colour values and textural parameters including resilience, hardness, elasticity, gumminess, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, and chewiness were determined using texture profile analyses (TPA). It was observed that neither cohesiveness, adhesiveness and elastic parameters of texture profile differed in terms of cheese type, nor important statistical difference was identified (P˃0.10), differences regarding the ripening process found out though (P<0.05).
REGULATORY STANDARDS OF HONEY SAFETY AND QUALITY
Authors: Adamchuk L. O. , Silonova N. B. , Sukhenko V. Y. , Pylypko K. V.
Published: April 2021

Modern beekeeping industry globalization leads to an increase in competition between countries for the foreign market. The products that provide the appropriate level of safety and quality following international requirements would be able to gain a competitive advantage. Establishing a competitive advantage for honey on the world market and improving exports/import process with the guaranteed observance of consumers’ rights and interests require a systematic revision of regulatory documentation for beekeeping products. The study aimed to analyze the current international and national regulations governing the safety and quality of honey. Critical analysis of normative documentation, a comparison of international, European, and Ukrainian requirements for physicochemical indicators of honey quality and content of dangerous contaminants, as well as the study of the organic beekeeping regulation was made. It was found that the national regulatory framework for the safety and quality of honey needs to be optimized. Order of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food (Ukraine) of June 19, 2019, № 330 contains requirements that are more adapted to international and European standards for honey quality criteria compared to current national requirements. Order of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food (Ukraine) of June 19, 2019, № 330 still needs to be improved for items governing the value of moisture content and mineral content as well as diastasis activity of honey components. Concerning the production of organic beekeeping products, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine introduced the current EU regulatory framework for organic beekeeping.
PRODUCTIVITY OF RAINBOW TROUT DEPENDING ON PROTEIN LEVELS IN PRODUCTIVE FEED
Authors: Kondratiuk V. M.
Published: April 2021

The article considers the efficiency of using complete feeds with different levels of protein in rearing commercial rainbow trout. The purpose of the experiment was to establish the effect of different protein levels in nutrition of two-year old trout on its productivity. For this purpose, five experimental groups were formed by the method of analogues. During the equalizing period, the experimental fish consumed feed of the control group. In the main period, the protein level in trout feed ranged from 44 to 52 % per 1 kg. As a result of the studies it was established that the increase of protein content in compound feed from 48 to 52 % leads to an increase in the weight of commercial fish by 13.0 % (p < 0.001), an increase in its growth intensity – by 7.4-16.7 %, while the reduction of protein in feed to 44 % leads to a reliable (p < 0.05) reduction in trout weight by 9.4 %, and a decrease in its growth intensity - by 6.5-12.1 %. It is proved that different levels of experimental trout’s protein nutrition have a highly reliable (p < 0.001) effect on the growth of marketable fish - the share of this factor’s influence is 89.8 %. Analysis of the feed costs, proves that using combined feed with 52 % protein for feeding two-year old trout, leads to a decrease in feed costs per 1 kg of weight gain by 5.1 %, whereas reducing this index to 44% causes increase of feed costs by 6.4 % per a unit of product, compared to feeding fish with production feed having the protein content of 48 %. At this, the preservation of experimental fish was high enough and made 94.3 to 96.2 %. In rearing trouts according to the criteria of maximum productivity, it is recommended to feed commercial trout with production combined feeds with the protein level of 52 %, whereas, in production according to the economic optimization criteria, this index should make 48 %.
Overexpression of 14-3-3γ Induces the Migration and Invasion of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells
Authors: Raungrut Pritsana , Champoochana Nidanut , Thongsuksai Paramee , Promnares Kamontip
Published: April 2021

Objective: 14-3-3 gamma (γ) is known to modulate the development and progression of many cancers. However, the evidence in lung cancer is still unclear. In this study, effects of 14-3-3γ on tumor cell migration and invasion were investigated. Material and Methods: A 14-3-3γ expression vector was made and transfected into A549 cells. In-vitro scratch assay and transwell assay were applied to assess migration and invasion, respectively. Western blotting was used to detect expression of proteins related to epithelial–mesenchymal transition.Results: Closing rate of scratch wounds, both in classical and non-classical scratch assay, was significantly increased in 14-3-3γ-overexpressing cells in comparison to the controls. Similarly, by transwell assay, a significant increase in the invasion and migration was shown in the 14-3-3γ-overexpressing cells in comparison to the null vector cells, by approximately 79.2% (p-value=0.002) and 131.2% (p-value<0.001), respectively. In addition, increased 14-3-3γ expression resulted in a significant increase of β-catenin and Snail but not for E-cadherin and vimentin. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the role of 14-3-3γ protein on lung cancer progression via migration and invasion processes, possibly providing a new targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer.
Robotics Development Roadmaps
Authors: Lopota Alexander , Spassky Boris
Published: April 2021

The article discusses government development programs for robotics and autonomous systems in the countries with the highest level of robots’ production and implementation, considers general trends and particularities of national roadmaps. It is shown that such programs create conditions for the development of this industry of key priority, form the basis of state policy, determine measures of state support for domestic robot manufacturers, increasing their international competitiveness, and create conditions for the widespread introduction of robotics. Contrary to popular belief, the development of robotics leads not to reduction, but to creation of job opportunities, simultaneously replacing unskilled labor with creative highly qualified labor of robotics engineers. Many development programs, in addition to workplace automation, set the task of safe and effective human-robot interaction. The article discusses Russian legislative acts in the field of robotics and justifies the necessity to create a domestic roadmap for the robotics development.
Basic requirements for active exoskeletons of assault type designed to be included in military equipment
Authors: Antokhin Evgeniy , Pis’mennaya Elena , Voronin Leonid , Nemkov Alexander
Published: April 2021

The article provides a brief analysis of the existing scientific and technical groundwork created by Russian and for-eign experts in the field of development of exoskeletal structures for military purposes. It proposes a list of the main tactical and technical requirements for active exoskeletons of the assault type based on the results of the analysis, taking into account the main directions for improving of the combat equipment of military personnel.
Concept development of telemetry system for robotic systems with the ability to introduce targeted distortions of displayed space
Authors: Bel’chenko Philipp , Ermolov Ivan
Published: April 2021

This paper studies approaches to improve telemetry components of modern robotic systems. It proposes new methods for visual output to improve interaction between robot and human-operator. The approach applies developments from perceptual spaces theory towards telemetry of robotic systems. Up to date achievements in the field are described. The overall goal of the research is to increase effectiveness of human-operators through introduction of targeted distortions into images from telemetry means.
Induced virtual environment for control of a manipulator designed for working with radioactive materials
Authors: Sergeev Alexey , Titov Victor , Shardyko Igor
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the control issues of a robotic arm for a hot cell based on the induced virtual reality methodology. A human-machine interface based on the virtual reality is presented, comprising a set of interactive features, designed to construct trajectories, along which the end effector of the arm should move. The prospects of computer vision are further considered as means that update the virtual environment state. An experiment to compare two approaches designed to control the robotic arm in virtual environment was carried out.
OncoROBOT – robotic system for the treatment of lung cancer
Authors: Pishchik Vadim , Abrosimov Eduard , Astakhov Artem , Boriskin Makariy , Gagarskaya Anastasiya , Dmitriev Alexander , Nanyagiev Ilyas , Nikitin Sergey , Obornev Alexander , Potrakhov Nikolay , Khаrlamov Vyacheslav , Tceluyko Vasiliy , Shavlikov Andrey
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, robotic systems are becoming an important part of our lives, and medicine is no exception. Since lung cancer is in the first place in the number of deaths from cancer, doctors do not stop looking for new ways of treating it. To reduce the number of relapses after surgical removal of the tumor, it was proposed to use the method of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT). To make it possible, the surgeon have to be equipped with a convenient device that he can use directly in the operating room after surgical resection. IORT after surgical removal of a tumor using a low-voltage x-ray source is a relatively new method used in the treatment of lung cancer. This article discusses a robotic system for performing IORT and the method of its use. Currently, there is a working prototype of this system and we are still improving it. The paper presents the main technical characteristics of the robot manipulator and the working tool, namely the x-ray tube mounted on the manipulator. Moreover, the software and its architecture are described, as well as a method for managing the manipulation system. A comparison of our development with foreign ones is also performed.
Power supply of a modular mobile robot in combination with a communication channel over power supply lines
Authors: Abdrazakov Evgeniy , Andreev Victor
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the development of a full-featured power supply module with an integrated communication channel over the power supply lines. The module is intended to perform the energy function of a mobile robot (MR), namely, to provide power to all electronic and mechatronic units of mobile robots with modular architecture. In contrast to the power supply unit for robots with mono-block architecture, in this case, the module power supply node must be made in the form of a full-featured module, i.e. meet a number of special requirements: 1 - structurally it must be made as a separate module, easily included in the design of the modular robot and possess the ability to quickly build up its power; 2 - the control system must monitor the state of the battery and power consumption of each of the MR’s modules, to manage the process of switching them off / on; 3 - to have an information communication channel with all MR’s modules for dynamic control of the power supply to each of the modules, including the supervisor module for subsequent transfer power status parameters to the operator of the MR by the radio channel. As a part of the solution of the problem the concept of sub-module principle of organizing the structure of the power supply module of modular mobile robot was developed, battery power submodule and submodule decoder based on PLC modem using DC-PLC technology (Direct Current Power Line Communication), which provides the formation of an intermodular information communication channel over the power supply lines, were designed and manufactured.
Orientation of Prehistoric Monuments in Britain: A Reassessment
Authors: Marshall Alistair
Published: April 2021

'Orientation of prehistoric monuments in Britain: a reassessment' views the type of major axial alignment seen at many megalithic ritual and funerary monuments of Neolithic to Bronze Age date in Britain and Ireland, not in terms of more abstract astronomical concerns, but rather as an expression of repeated seasonal propitiation, basically solar, involving community, agrarian economy, and the ancestors in a combined attempt to mitigate variable environmental conditions. The analysis is supported by over 800 images, open-source, for unrestricted use, and available digitally.
Online Section
Authors: Marshall Alistair
Published: April 2021

Online supplementary content for 'Orientation of Prehistoric Monuments in Britain: A Reassessment'
Investigating the relation between upper extremity function and trunk control, balance and functional mobility in individuals with stroke
Authors: AYDOĞAN ARSLAN Saniye , UĞURLU Kübra , DEMİRCİ Cevher , KESKİN Dilek
Published: April 2021

Aim: The purpose of our study was to examine the relation between upper extremity function and trunk control, balance and functional mobility in Individuals with Stroke.

Material and Method: This study included a total of 39 stroke patients (age 63.87± 9.03 years, post stroke 19.18±16.38 month). Upper extremity functions were evaluated with the upper extremity sub-scale of the STREAM Scale, balance level, functional mobility and trunk control were evaluated with Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG).

Result: A moderate relation was detected between the trunk control, balance and functional mobility and upper extremity functions (p˂0.05). When the upper extremity functions and trunk control performances of the individuals were compared according to balance levels, it was seen that those with worse balance level had poor upper extremity functions and trunk control (p˂0.05).

Conclusion: As a result of our study, a relation was detected between upper extremity function and postural control and balance. For this reason, it is important to focus on upper extremities to improve trunk control, postural control, and balance in physiotherapy and rehabilitation practices.
Outcomes of delayed graft function in deceased donor kidney transplantation: a single center experience
Authors: MERHAMETSİZ Özgür , DEMİR Mehmet Emin
Published: April 2021

Objective: Delayed graft function (DGF) is related to enhanced acute rejection attacks in the short term and reduced graft survival and reduced overall survival in the long-term. In this study, we desired to ascertain the outcomes of DGF.
Material and Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study. Two hundred seventy-four patients who underwent a kidney transplant from a deceased donor were included. DGF was described as obtaining dialysis treatment within the first week of transplant. The kidney recipients were divided into groups DGF+ (Group 1) and DGF- (Group 2). Two groups were compared in terms of risk factors which were based on donor and recipient characteristics. Short-term outcomes, long-term graft survival and recipient survival results were compared.
Results: The incidence of DGF was 50.3%. The rate of donors with expanded criteria donor (ECD) was 37.3%. Mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at one year after kidney transplantation was 57.5 ml/dk/1.73m2 for Group 1, and 73 ml/dk/1.73m2 for Group 2 (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of graft loss and mortality at one year. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of graft and recipient survival.
Conclusion: DGF did not negatively impact graft survival and recipient survival at one year and long-term, although it was associated with prolonged hospitalization and increased acute rejection in the early period.
Factors associated with the development of screw cut-out after the fixation of intertrochanteric femoral fractures with a proximal femoral nail
Authors: BUYUKKUSCU Mehmet Ozbey , BASILGAN Seçkin , MISIR Abdulhamit , POLAT Abdulkadir , BASAR Hakan
Published: April 2021

Objective: To reveal the factors associated with screw cut-out in the fixation of proximal femur intertrochanteric fractures with a proximal femoral nail (PFN).

Material and Method: Patients who were diagnosed with proximal femoral intertrochanteric fractures and were being treated and followed up in our hospital between January 2014 and January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The hip fracture types of the patients were determined according to the American Foundation/American Orthopedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) classification. AO/OTA 31-A1, A2 and A3 type fractures were included in the study. Twenty-seven patients with PFN fixation failure and screw cut-out (cut-out group, 11.4%) were compared with 208 patients who had successful osteosynthesis without cut-out (non-cut-out group, 88.6%). Age, gender, affected side, follow-up time, PFN design, tip-apex distance (TAD), calcar-referenced TAD, fracture type, reduction quality, posteromedial support loss, lag screw position, Singh index, and collo-diaphyseal angle (CDA) were compared between the two groups.

Results: The two groups significantly differed in terms of TAD and calcar-referenced TAD (p = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively). In the evaluation of reduction quality according to the Baumgaertner scale and the Garden alignment index, a significant difference was found between the two groups (p = 0.021 and 0.002, respectively). A significant difference was also observed between the two groups in terms of screw position and posteromedial cortex continuity (p = 0.009 and 0.037, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in relation to age, gender, affected side, CDA, PFN design, and osteoporosis severity.

Conclusion: Fracture type, poor reduction quality, loss of posteromedial support, TAD, calcar-referenced TAD, and lag screw position were found to be associated factors in the development of screw cut-out. Apart from the type of fracture, these factors that are under the control of the surgeon generally show the importance of anatomical reduction and accurate screw placement.
Evaluation of effect of frailty on warfarin compliance among older patients
Authors: KİYAK Mevlut , TANOĞLU Alpaslan , DEMİRBAŞ Mustafa Behçet , SHAUYET Imantai , UÇAK BASAT Sema
Published: April 2021

Aim: Warfarin has a narrow therapeutic index. We aimed to evaluate the effect of frailty on compliance to warfarin pharmacotherapy and the attainment of international normalised ratio (INR) goals in patients aged over 65 years receiving warfarin.

Method: We recruited 473 elderly subjects aged 65 years and over. Indications for the administration of warfarin and INR values were recorded. All patients were assessed according to the Clinical Frailty Scale of the Canadian Health and Aging Study. Whether or not the target of INR values and the degree of frailty were compared.

Results: Of the 473 patients aged 65 years and over, 402 patients were assigned to the non-frail group and 71 patients were assigned to the frail group. When patients were compared according to the attainment of target INR values, a negative correlation between frailty and numerical INR values was observed.

Conclusion: It can be said that the presence of frailty negatively affects reaching the target INR values in patients over 65 years of age using warfarin. If patients in this population are indicated for warfarin use, it is necessary to be sure that INR monitoring will be done well.
Can persistent hiccups be a progression marker in COVID-19?
Authors: ALAY Handan , DOĞAN Nazım , ÖZKURT Zülal , BİLGE Nuray , KESMEZ CAN Fatma , ARAZ Ömer
Published: April 2021

Hiccup is a reflex action that may rarely be intractable. A 55-year-old man diagnosed with COVID-19 was hospitalized to our clinic with body temperature elevation, weakness, and headache persisting for the previous three days. Persistent hiccups were present during follow-up, and progression was observed at pulmonary tomography with an increase in the numbers and dimensions of focal ground glass areas. Lymphocyte count was 920/µL, platelet count 138X103/µL, sedimentation rate 6 mm/h, ferritin 1256 ng/mL, C-reactive protein 16.8 mg/L, aspartate aminotransferase 43 U/L, alanine aminotransferase 67 U/L, and lactate dehydrogenase 326 U/L. Other potential causes of persistent hiccups were excluded. COVID-19 immune plasma and remdesivir therapy were initiated. The hiccups resolved two days after treatment, and the patient was discharged on the 11th day of follow-up. Persistent hiccups should be remembered among the symptoms that may appear during the clinical progression of COVID-19.
Can mini-tracheostomy needle be safer for residency training in percutaneous dilatation tracheostomy applications in intensive care unit?
Authors: CIRIK Mustafa Özgür , ERASLAN DOĞANAY Güler , ALAGÖZ Ali , SAZAK Hilal
Published: April 2021

Aim

The aim of study to evaluate the bedside percutaneous dilatation tracheostomy, performed with Fiberoptic bronchoscopy guided Griggs technique using a mini-tracheostomy needle, by residents in intensive care unit retrospectively.

Materials and Methods

Percutaneous dilatation tracheostomys performed in 20 intensive care unit patients using a mini-tracheostomy needle. All percutaneous dilatation tracheostomy procedures were performed by a resident who was currently undergoing intensive care unit residency training. Griggs technique was used in all procedures. All complications, the time from needle insertion to the insertion of the tracheostomy cannula was also noted.

Results

The average age of the patients was 69.8 ± 16.14 years. The mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Assessment (APACHE) II score of the patients was 23.05 ± 6.16, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was 10 ± 3.43, and Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 7.2 ± 2.11. The mean procedure time was 13 ± 1.68 minutes, and the day of tracheostomy application was 6.35 ± 4.59. Twelve (60%) patients were switched to home-type ventilators. Ten (50%) of the patients were transferred to the palliative ward with home-type ventilator. Mortality rate was 20% (4 patients) at 90 days. When patients were evaluated in terms of complications; none of the patients had pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, posterior tracheal wall damage, or tracheoesophageal fistula. Minimal bleeding that required no intervention was observed in only one patient.

Conclusion

Using Mini-trach® needle in percutaneous dilatation tracheostomys performed via fiberoptic broncoscopy by less experienced residents may be safer to prevent complications.
Does red ginseng ameliorate liver damage caused by obstructive jaundice? : an experimental study
Authors: DURHAN Abdullah , KOŞMAZ Koray , ŞENLİKCİ Abdullah , ERGÜDER Ender , SÜLEYMAN Marlen , DUYMUŞ Mehmet Esat , BAĞ Yusuf Murat , PEKCİCİ Mevlüt Recep , ŞENEŞ Mehmet , ALKAN KUŞABBİ İlknur , ESER Eylem Pınar , HÜCÜMENOĞLU Sema
Published: April 2021

Aim: This experimental study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect on obstructive jaundice (OJ) of oral red ginseng (RG) extract, which is known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Methods: The rats were randomly separated into 3 groups of 10 rats: the sham group, the control group, and the treatment group. In Group 1 (sham), the common bile duct (CBD) was identified but no ligation or transection was performed. In Group 2 (control), the CBD was identified and ligation and transection were performed, but no treatment was given. In Group 3 (RG group), CBD ligation and transection were performed, then RG extract was administered via an orogastric tube at a dose of 100 mg/ kg/day for 10 days. After 10 days, blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis, and liver tissue samples for biochemical and histopathological analysis.
Results: Significantly higher serum albumin levels and lower serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were determined in the RG group than in the control group (p = 0.028, p = 0.001 and p = 0.034, respectively). In the oxidative stress parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase (CAT) levels were significantly different between the RG group and control group (p = <0.001 for each). Total sulfhydryl (T-SH) was not at a statistically significant level, although it was high and approached the value of the sham group ( p = 0.076). In the histopathological evaluation, the RG group had statistically significantly lower scores in all parameters compared to the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that RG has a strong hepatoprotective effect as a result of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
EFFECTIVENESS OF APPLICATION OF TELEMONITORING OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN PATIENTS WITH NORMAL WEIGHT AND OVERWEIGHT
Authors: Berdnyk Inna
Published: April 2021

The article summarizes the argu- ments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the methods of diagnosing hyper- tension and features of blood pressure control. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of blood pressure monitoring in pa- tients with normal weight and overweight and to determine their level of adherence to treatment. The relevance of the study about this pathology is that hypertension is the leading cause of cardio- vascular disease and premature death worldwide. The prevalence of hypertension among the adult population is 30-45%, in 2018 the number of pa- tients with hypertension in the world was about 1.38 billion, with more than 165 million living in Central and Eastern Europe. Systematization of literature data showed that despite the wide- spread use of antihypertensive drugs, only about 30% of patients have optimal blood pressure. The methodology of the study is to evaluate the use of telemedicine technologies for self-moni- toring of blood pressure in patients with normal weight and overweight and increase their compli- ance. The study was conducted in Kyiv, Ukraine during 2018-2020, and included 111 patients aged 18 to 65 years with a previously diagnosed hypertension. By randomization, they were di- vided into the main group (used blood pressure monitoring) and the control group (used office and home blood pressure monitoring). The arti- cle presents the results that in the patients of the main group at the end of the study the average daily systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower in comparison with both the initial level of the group and in comparison with the control. The baseline adherence to treatment in patients in both groups was low. However, at the end of the study, the adherence of patients in

the main group to treatment increased by 40.3%, while in the control group no significant chang- es were detected. In addition, a correlation was found between patients with overweight and less adherence to regular medication, more frequent skipping of the drug and self-withdrawal with improvement compared to patients with normal body weight. It was also noted that the patients in the main group at the end of the study significant- ly reduced the level of anxiety compared with the control. The study empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the use of blood pres- sure telemonitoring can be considered as an al- ternative to the standard approach that increases adherence to treatment. The results of the study will be useful for primary care physicians, cardi- ologists, therapists.
Residents' attitudes towards tree care programs in cityscapes
Authors: Arabomen Oghenekevwe Joy , Babalola Folaranmi Dapo , Idumah Felix Oaikhena , Ofordu Chinyere Salome
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Examine residents’ attitude towards urban trees from the perspective of funding or voluntarily contributing time for tree care programs. Majority of global populace live in cities, hence, the rise in public expectations for liveable, sustainable and greener communities and urban areas all over the world, Nigeria inclusive. With proper planning and management, cities may become more liveable, but the rapid loss of large urban green areas cause havoc, and has ushered in several problems such as adverse climatic condition, reduced water and air quality, amongst others. Metodology: A questionnaire survey was conducted to understand how residents rank and rate the benefits of urban trees as well as individual willingness to support conservation initiatives, using Benin metropolis, Nigeria as a case study. Findings: Using binary logit analysis, the study identified that residents who are aware of ecosystem services, had a profession and have spent at least 20 years in the city, had a significant relationship with personal willingness to volunteer time and/or donate money toward urban tree care programs and activities. Contribution to knowledge: Provided quantitative information to demonstrate the importance of conserving trees in development projects towards Global SDGs.
A nemzetbiztonság veszélyeztetésének megjelenési formái az egyes jogszabályokban
Authors: Laufer Balázs
Published: April 2021

A biztonságpolitikában és a nemzetbiztonsági közösségben több elnevezés is létezik a nemzetbiztonság veszélyeztetésére, ilyenek többek között az új kihívások, a nemzetbiztonsági kockázatok, a nemzetbiztonság veszélyeztetése, a fenyegetések. A tanulmány kísérletet tesz annak bemutatására, hogy a magyar jogszabályokban milyen szakkifejezések szerepelnek. A szerző célja annak megvilágítása, hogy sokszor nem egységesen használják a fogalmakat. A tanulmány felhívja a figyelmet arra, hogy a nemzetbiztonság fenyegetésének vannak fokozatai, amelyet a szakmai kifejezésekben is célszerű követni.
An Overview of the Development of the Russian Information Warfare Concept
Authors: Dévai Dóra
Published: April 2021

After the infamous cyber attacks against Estonia in 2007 and the Ukrainian conflict in 2014–15, the Russian military theory, and in particular, Information Warfare (IW) doctrines, have come into the center of attention. IW has played a very peculiar role in the Russian political and military theory and practice, and its current state can be regarded as a climax in its evolution. To gain an in-depth understanding of the Russian strategic thinking, the second part of this article strives to give an overview of the current phase of the process.
A nők szerepe a háborús hátországban Magyarországon, 1914–1918
Authors: Molnár Zoltán
Published: April 2021

Tanulmányomban a nők szerepének, társadalmi helyzetének, áldozatvállalásának alakulását mutatom be Magyarországon az I. világháború időszakában. Feltárom, hogyan illeszkedtek be a hadigazdaság rendszerébe dolgozó nőként, milyen szerepet játszottak a hátország társadalmában, hogyan küzdöttek meg a háború okozta nehézségekkel, és hogyan változott meg társadalmi megítélésük.
Narkoterrorizmus Mexikóban
Authors: Bertalan Dávid
Published: April 2021

Írásomban ismertetem a „Mexikói Drogháború” jelenségét, mind katonai, mind rendészeti szemszögből. Az illegális kábítószerkereskedelem több mint 100 éves múltra tekint vissza az amerikai kontinensen, ennek változásaival, legfontosabb mérföldköveivel foglalkozom a publikáció első felében. A továbbiakban feltárom a narkoterrorizmus államra gyakorolt hatásait, továbbá ehhez kapcsolódóan megvizsgálom, hogy Mexikó tekinthető-e „bukott államnak”, vagy nem. Ezt követően bemutatom az így kialakult komplex környezet legfontosabb szereplőit, illetve a rendészeti és katonai hivatásrendek közötti együttműködés lehetőségeit, majd az utolsó részben foglalom össze következtetéseimet, javaslataimat.
Az új média veszélyei – az elmagányosodás, illetve radikalizálódás biztonságpolitikai aspektusból
Authors: Krizbai Diána Daniella
Published: April 2021

Az új média platformjainak népszerűsége töretlen, a társadalmi kapcsolatok áttevődnek a virtuális térbe. Társadalomkutatók rámutatnak, hogy egyre nehezebb az erőszakos tartalmak megfékezése, és a túlzásba vitt internetezés összefüggésben állhat a szociális kapcsolatok romlásával, amely súlyosabban jelentkezhet az egyébként is érzékenyebbeknél. Jelen tanulmány azt célozza meg, hogy biztonságpolitikai szempontból világítson rá az új média, s azzal összefüggésben az elmagányosodás, a radikalizálódómagányos elkövetők veszélyére.
A stratégiai kommunikáció interdiszciplináris megközelítésben
Authors: Németh József Lajos
Published: April 2021

A 2001-es terrortámadások után egyre többet használják a „stratégiai kommunikáció” kifejezést politikai és katonai vezetők egyaránt. Ennek eredményeként napjainkban sok definíció használatos annak leírására, ennek ellenére még mindig jelentős kihívásokkal nézünk szembe akkor, ha azt annak mélységében kívánjuk megérteni. A szerző cikkében  bemutatja a különböző megközelítési lehetőségeket és kifejti azt a meggyőződését, amely szerint a leghatékonyabb módszert/értelmezési keretet az interdiszciplináris megközelítés biztosítja.
Az Arktisz geopolitikai jelentősége a 21. században
Authors: Vigh Vivien
Published: April 2021

Az Arktisz térsége napjainkban felértékelődni látszik, amiből kifolyólag feltételezhetünk egy új biztonságpolitikai kihívást. Mindez abból adódik, hogy meghatározó fontossággal bír mind politikai, gazdasági, katonai, mind környezetvédelmi szempontból. A globális klímaváltozás is jelentősen felértékeli a térséget és megváltoztatja a geopolitikai erőviszonyokat. Jelen tanulmány célja az, hogy bemutassa az Északi-sarkon zajló nagyhatalmi játszmákat és a globális felmelegedés következményét a térségben, továbbá a térség geostratégiai helyzetének, természeti, társadalmi, gazdasági és katonai viszonyainak, valamint mindezek biztonságra tett hatásának vizsgálata.
Huszárezredek szervezete és feladatai a szövetségi haderőkben
Authors: Ádám Barnabás
Published: April 2021

A magyar huszár az a magyar könnyűlovas, aki az elmúlt fél évezred során szinte átformálta a hadviselés arculatát, ésfénykorában a világ harmincnégy országa adoptálta ezt a könnyűlovassági csapatnemet. Habár a 20.században a lovon és a lovakkal vívott harc fölött eljárt az idő, de a huszárság felett nem. Az alábbiakban, a dán és a francia haderőben ma is működő huszáralakulatok feladatait, szervezetét és főbb technikai eszközeit mutatom be.
Az izraeli–ciszjordániai határkerítés létrejöttének történeti és geopolitikai előzményei
Authors: Szolnoki Szabolcs
Published: April 2021

Izrael az államterületéhez viszonyított határkerítések és izolációs falak hosszában a világelsők között van annak ellenére, hogy nyugati irányból az országot a Földközi-tenger szegélyezi. Az országot körülölelő kerítésrendszer lezárja a Libanonnal, Szíriával, Jordániával és Egyiptommal közös határokat. A palesztin területeket illetően az Izrael és Ciszjordánia között húzódó fal építését 2002-benkezdték meg, a Gázai övezetet pedig nem csupán a földfelszín felett, hanem nyolc méter mélységben is elszigetelik az alagútfúrások megakadályozásának érdekében. A téma kényes politikai mivoltát érzékelteti a szemben álló felek közötti, elnevezéseket illető polémia is: míg a cionista és pro-izraeli véleményformálók „szeparációs kerítésnek”, „biztonsági kerítésnek” vagy „terrorizmus elleni biztonsági falnak” nevezik, addig pro-palesztin források gyakran „Apartheid-fal” néven hivatkoznak rá. A körülzárt földrajzi területet is eltérően írják le – a palesztin államiság megteremtésének hívei Palesztinaként, a cionista érzelmekkel Nagy-Izraelt létrehozni vágyók és zsidó radikálisok az ókori területi elnevezéseket használva Júdea és Szamária néven. A szerző jelen tanulmányban a semleges színezetű, a földrajzi fekvésére utaló Ciszjordánia vagy nyugati part elnevezéseket használja. A dolgozat célja a történeti és geopolitikai áttekintés Izrael fizikai határfalainak kiépítéséről, majd a jelenkor új típusú, digitális kerítéseinek bemutatása. A kutatást személyes látogatások, interjúbeszélgetések és a szakirodalom feldolgozása alapozta meg.
A Magyar Kir. Igazságügyminisztérium bizalmas ügyeiből – II. rész
Authors: Antal Tamás
Published: April 2021

E tanulmány folytatása annak a korábbinak, amelyben a szerző a Magyar Királyi Igazságügyminisztérium megmaradt titkos iratai alapján tett kísérletet az I. világháború utáni hazai igazságügyi állapotok bemutatására. A jelen, második részben a Horthy-korszak első évtizedének egyes dokumentumai kerülnek sorra: kirajzolódik belőlük a minisztérium és a kormány viszonya, a nemzetiségek joghelyzetének szabályozása, a trianoni békeszerződés végrehajtása során keletkezett nemzetközi jellegű kihívások, valamint az utolsó magyar király, IV. Károly politikai végrendeletének sorsa és a volt királyi család ingatlanvagyonának jogállása. Szintén ide kapcsolódó témák, amelyek a hazai bírósági szervezetbe engednek betekintést, nemkülönben a gr. Bethlen István miniszterelnök és több igazságügy-miniszter tevékenységét érintő fejtegetések abból a közjogilag is különleges korból, amikor az Antant-kényszerpálya nyomása nehezedett Magyarországra.
A polgármester hatásköre az 1870: XLII. tc. alapján
Authors: Varga Norbert
Published: April 2021

A polgári közigazgatás kiépítésének egyik jelentős lépése volt a törvényhatósági jogú városok első számú választott tisztviselőjének, a polgármester hatáskörének meghatározása, a működéséhez kapcsolódó hivatalok feladatkörének rendezése és a helyettesítésére vonatkozó szabályok rögzítése. A rendi időszakból már ismert városi tisztviselő szerepét az is kiemelte, hogy a törvényhatósági jogú városok élére is főispánokat állított az 1870:XLII. törvénycikk. A főispán a kormány érdekeit képviselte és közvetítette a városokban. A polgármester mint a törvényhatósági jogú városok választott tisztviselője azonban a helyi érdekek érvényesítését tartotta szem előtt. Magának az elnevezésnek általánossá tétele is a köztörvényhatósági törvénynek köszönhető a magyar közigazgatásban, hiszen a rendi korban inkább a főbíró elnevezést használták, és csak kivételesen jelent meg a polgármesteri tisztség elnevezése a városok életében. A rendiség vége felé jelent meg egyre több városban a polgármesteri tisztség.
Közigazgatási felelősség- és szankciófajták
Authors: Tamás András
Published: April 2021

A büntetőjogban és a szabálysértésekben a  szubjektív felelősség általános. Az utóbbiak „bagatell büntetendő cselekmények” a 19. századtól a magyar jogrendszerben. A közigazgatási jognak önálló felelősségi rendszere van. A közigazgatási jogban főleg objektív felelősség található. Ebben nincs általános szankció mindegyik esetre. A szabálysértés vagy bagatell büntetendő cselekmény nem az, mert az csak egyik fajtája a közigazgatási jog szankcionálásának.
Hatásköri összeütközések és kihágások a minisztertanács előtt
Authors: Bathó Gábor
Published: April 2021

A minisztertanácsi jegyzőkönyveket vizsgálva azt állapíthatjuk meg, hogy alapvetően háromféle módon jelentek ott meg a kihágások. Egyrészt a kihágásokkal kapcsolatos feladatok intézése mint minisztériumi ügykör, másrészt a kihágásokkal kapcsolatos jogszabályok előkészítése, harmadrészt pedig mint kihágásokkal kapcsolatos hatásköri összeütközések. A bírósági reform elkezdéséhez kapcsolódó kompromisszum eredménye lett az 1869. évi IV. törvénycikk 25. §-a, amely a közigazgatási hatóságok és a bíróságok közötti hatásköri összeütközések rendezésének kérdését szabályozta, ideiglenesen. Szerencsétlen volt a szabályozás, mivel a kormánynak olyan kérdésekkel kellett foglalkoznia, amelyekhez sem a szükséges tudása, sem a szükséges kompetenciái, sem pedig a szükséges mennyiségű ideje nem állt rendelkezésre. Ráadásul – különösen a kihágások esetén – olyan ügyeket kellett a kormány elé vinni, amelyek jelentősége nagyon csekély volt. A kortársak szerint a kormány megfelelő önmérséklettel és óvatossággal járt el a hatásköri összeütközések feloldásánál. Azonban erre semmilyen jogszabály nem kényszerítette, semmilyen jogi jellegű garanciális elem sem volt a kormány eljárásában. A helyzet valódi megoldását a hatásköri bíróságokról szóló törvény hozta el 1907-ben.