bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of a Workplace Screening Programme for Hypertension: A 5-Year Machine Learning-Based Analysis of a University Workforce Medical Records
Authors: Adeleke Olumide , Aroba Oluwasegun Julius , Adebayo Segun , Aworinde Halleluyah , Adeleke Oludamola , Adeniyi Abidemi Emmanuel
Published: May 2024

The burden of hypertension remains unacceptably high globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Workplace offer enormous potential as an idea setting for early detection and treatment of hypertension among the working class. Analysis of such a Workplace Screening Programme can reveal information about its potential impact. Machine learning techniques such as k-Means Clustering are untapped tools for such analyses. We set out to deploy this tool for the analysis of our university annual medical screening of workforce for hypertension. An anonymized dataset containing the demography and blood pressure measurements values obtained from staffs of different departments/units in an academic institution was obtained. The total number of samples or data points are 1, 723 in which the input dataset contains six features, including year category (2018, 2019, 2021,2022), Department/Unit (academic and non-academic), gender (male and female), while the target output is the blood pressure status (low, normal and high) respectively. Analysis of the dataset was carried out using machine learning techniques. In this retrospective analysis, it was observed that the mean age for this working class is 42 years old. Similarly, it was discovered that hypertension was prevalent among members of staff above the age of 40 irrespective of their gender or professional category (academic or non-academic). The analysis also revealed that there was a steady decline in the prevalence of hypertension from 2018 to 2022. From the research, it is evident that the adoption of machine learning techniques for periodic analyses of workplace health status screening initiative (especially for hypertension) is effective, feasible, and sustainable to diagnose and control hypertension among the working class.
A Simulated Annealing Approach to the Scheduling of Battery-Electric Bus Charging
Authors: Brown Alexander , Droge Greg
Published: May 2024

With an increasing adoption of Battery Electric Bus (BEB) fleets, developing a reliable charging schedule is vital to a successful migration from their fossil fuel counterparts. In this paper, a Simulated Annealing (SA) implementation is developed for a charge scheduling framework for a fixed-schedule fleet of BEBs that utilizes a proportional battery dynamics model, accounts for multiple charger types, allows partial charging, and further considers the total energy consumed by the schedule as well as peak power use. Two generation mechanisms are implemented for the SA algorithm denoted as the "quick" and "heuristic" implementations, respectively. The model validity is demonstrated by utilizing a set of routes sampled from the Utah Transit Authority (UTA) and comparing the results against two other models: the BPAP and the Qin-Modified. The results presented show that both SA techniques offer a means of generating operationally feasible schedules quickly while minimizing the cost of operation and considering battery health.
Explainable AI for Interpretation of Ovarian Tumor Classification Using Custom ResNet60
Authors: Guha Srirupa , Kodipalli Ashwini , Fernandes Steven L. , Dasar Santosh
Published: May 2024

Deep learning architectures like ResNet and Inception have produced accurate predictions for classifying benign and malignant tumors in the healthcare domain. This enables healthcare institutions to make data-driven decisions and potentially enable early detection of malignancy by employing computer-vision-based deep learning algorithms. These Convolutional Neural Network algorithms, in addition to requiring huge amounts of data, can identify higher and lower-level features that are significant while classifying tumors into benign or malignant. However, these algorithms have limitations concerning explainability and identifying the exact features that are of importance and contributing to the final classification of tumors as benign or malignant. In this paper, we implement several explainable AI techniques, namely, LIME, Saliency Map, Occlusion Analysis, Grad-CAM, SHAP, and Smooth Grad to interpret the results of a custom ResNet60 classifier in the classification of ovarian tumors as benign or malignant. The ResNet60 model attained an accuracy of 97.50% for the test dataset.
Diel Variations in Abundance of Microbial Communities in the Coastal Waters of the Subtropical Western Pacific in Spring: Potential Role of Picoeukaryotes
Authors: Chen Patrichka Wei-Yi , Olivia Madeline , Mukhanov Vladimir , Sitorus Grace , Margarita Ufimtseva , Tatiana Liashko , Evgenii Sakhon , Supriyadi Supriyadi , Puspitasari Intan Dwi , Ghosh Arpita , Tsai An Yi
Published: May 2024

We used flow cytometry to follow diel variations of viruses, picoplankton, and nanoflagellates for 2 days with about 4 hours of temporal sampling in spring 2024 in coastal surface waters of the subtropical western Pacific. An event of wind change, associated with rainfall and increased turbulence, disrupted diel patterns of the overall microbial communities during the second cycle. We observed that bacterial abundance did not follow a consistent diel pattern and that viral abundance was positively correlated with bacterial abundance. Synechococcus spp. and Prochlorococcus spp. grew during the light period and with peak abundance at night, exhibited marked diel variability, however, opposite patterns were observed in picoeukaryotes. According to Synechococcus spp. and Prochlorococcus spp. diel changes, nanoflagellate grazing could control their abundances and may explain temporally varying picocyanobacterial abundances. As we observed in the culture experiments, the results showed a significant increase in picoeukaryotic abundance from noon to nighttime, and a decrease in bacterial abundance during nighttime, to show the prey-predator cycle. Our study suggests picoeukaryotes could serve as bacteria predators by being mixotrophs. Future studies aiming to understand the interactions between prokaryotes and picoeukaryotes within marine microbial communities should take these differences into account.
Timber tracking of Jacaranda copaia from Amazon Forest using DNA fingerprint
Authors: Capo Lorena , Degen Bernd , Blanc-Jolivet Celine , Mader Malte , Paredes-Villanueva Kathelyn , Honorio-Conorado Eurídice , García-Dávila Carmen , Tysklind Niklas , Troispoux Valerie , Delcamp Adline , Sebbenn Alexandre
Published: May 2024

Amazon tropical forest is actually subject to strong deforestation, generally originated from illegal logging, resulting in ecological, environmental and economic problems. Aiming stop deforestation and timber commercialization of illegal logging of tropical forest, new laws has been introduced in many countries. Here we investigated the utility of DNA fingerprinting of nuclear and cytoplasmatic SNPs to timber tracking the intensive logged and commercialized of the Amazonian Neotropical tree Jacaranda copaia. Samples of 832 individuals from 43 populations from Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, and Peru were used to investigate the power of 113 nuclear SNPs, 11 CpSNPs, and four MtSNP loci to determine the country and population origin. The genetic differentiation among all populations and contries was high (0.233–0.942), specialy for CpMtSNP (generally>0.6) loci, and there is a strong isolation by distance pathern among populations, favoring the group or individual samples tracking to correct site. For self-assignment tests, we were able to 100% correct determine country and population origin of all samples using all SNPs. Our results show that the use of 128 SNP markers is suitable to correct determination of country and population site of J. copaia timber origin and very useful tool for customs and local and international policies.
Mathieu-Hill Equation Stability Analysis for Trapped Ions. Anharmonic Corrections for Nonlinear Electrodynamic Traps
Authors: Mihalcea Bogdan M.
Published: May 2024

The stability properties of the Hill equation are discussed, and especially those of the Mathieu equation that characterize ion motion in electrodynamic traps. The solutions of the Mathieu equation for a trapped ion are characterized by using the Floquet theory and Hill's Method solution, which yields an infinite system of linear and homogeneous equations whose coefficients are recursively determined. Stability is discussed for parameters $a$ and $q$ that are real. Characteristic curves are introduced naturally by the Sturm-Liouville problem for the well known even and odd Mathieu equations $ce_m(z,q)$ and $se_m(z,q)$. We illustrate the stability diagram for a combined (Paul and Penning) trap and represent the frontiers of the stability domains for axial and radial motion. In case of a Paul trap the stable solution corresponds to a superposition of harmonic motions. The problem of evaluating the maximum amplitudes of stable oscillations for the ideal conditions (taken into consideration) is also approached. Anharmonic corrections are discussed within the frame of the perturbation theory, while the frontiers of the modified stability domains are determined as a function of the chosen perturbation parameter. The results apply to 2D and 3D ion traps used for different applications in quantum engineering, among which optical clocks, quantum logic and quantum metrology, but not restricted only to these.
Exploring the Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility on Supply Chain Sustainability in Renewable Energy
Authors: Reynolds Samantha
Published: May 2024

This qualitative research explores the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on supply chain sustainability within the renewable energy sector. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature, key themes and patterns are identified, shedding light on the complex dynamics and interrelationships inherent in CSR practices and their impact on supply chain sustainability. The findings highlight the critical role of CSR in driving environmental sustainability, social equity, economic viability, governance mechanisms, and technological innovation across renewable energy supply chains. Environmental sustainability emerges as a priority, with CSR initiatives focusing on reducing carbon emissions, promoting clean energy technologies, and adopting sustainable sourcing strategies. Social equity is emphasized through stakeholder consultation, transparent decision-making, and investments in community development. Economic viability is addressed through considerations of brand reputation, financial performance, and regulatory compliance. Governance mechanisms and regulatory frameworks play a crucial role in shaping CSR practices, with collaborative partnerships and policy advocacy driving industry-wide change. Technological innovation, particularly the integration of blockchain, IoT, and AI, enhances transparency, traceability, and accountability in supply chains. The study concludes by discussing theoretical implications, practical insights, limitations, and avenues for future research, highlighting the importance of CSR in promoting sustainable development in the renewable energy sector.
Publications of the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center; Appendix H : FY23 (October 2022-September 2023)
Authors: Moynihan Emily
Published: May 2024

Each year, the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) publishes more than 200 reports through the Information Technology Laboratory’s Information Science and Knowledge Management (ISKM) Branch, the publishing authority for ERDC. Annually since 2017, ISKM has compiled a list of the last fiscal year’s publications. This Appendix H to the original collection includes ERDC publications issued October 2022 through September 2023. The publications are grouped according to the technical laboratories or technical program for which they were prepared, and the preface includes procedures for obtaining ERDC reports. Through this compilation, online distribution, and physical collections, ISKM continues to support ERDC, the Army, and the nation.
The sectional formation technology of an anthropogenic deposit with its subsequent mining using a hydraulic pull shovel
Authors:   St. Petersburg Mining University, Ligotskiy Dmitry , Argimbaeva Kristina ,   St. Petersburg Mining University
Published: May 2024

The paper provides a justification for the parameters of the designed technology for the sectional formation of tailing dumps and its subsequent mining using hydraulic pull shovels. The authors have found dependences for the amount of man-made feedstock lost in a section upon the section width due to economic and technical factors. During the study, a modern approach was used to solve the tasks assigned – comprehensive research that included estimation of the existing state of knowledge for anthropogenic deposit mining, study of the spatial structure and the relationship of the pull shovel specifications with the anthropogenic facility. The study has shown that high-grade tailing materials were diluted during the mining of an anthropogenic deposit due to losses and clogging, thus also reducing mining efficiency. The designed technology for the sectional formation of an anthropogenic deposit ensures selective excavation, decreasing the raw material dilution within sections, increasing mining safety and intensity, and reducing the mining costs in the future.
Youth migration in Mountainous Dagestan as an indicator of sustainable development of the territory
Authors:   North Caucasus Federal University, Soloviev Ivan , Shchitova Natalia ,   North Caucasus Federal University, Zolnikova Shchitova ,   North Caucasus Federal University
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Identification of the specifics of the course of youth migration in the most problematic mountainous regions of Dagestan. Methods. Comparative geographical, statistical, descriptive-analytical, cartographic research methods were used in the course of the study. Results and discussion. The number of young people in Dagestan has been declining in recent years, which indicates an increase in unfavorable trends in demographic development. The share of young people in the migration loss of the population of Dagestan is more than 42%. The most significant indicators of youth decline are observed in the southern regions with a predominance of Lezgins, Rutulians, Tsakhurs, as well as the Lak and Akushinsky districts, dominated by Lak. This trend is somewhat weaker in the areas of predominant residence of Avars. Magaramkent (more than 12%), Derbent, Akushinsky, Akhtyn (more than 9%) districts are leading in terms of the rate of reduction of the number of young population. The migration decline of young people is typical for all mountain settlements, but the intensity of this process varies by region, one of the provoking factors is inaccessibility. According to the direction of migration flows of young people, interregional outflow prevails (especially in the Rutul and Tabasaran districts). In a significant part of mountain municipalities, the importance of intra-regional youth migrations is high (Agulsky, Dakhdaevsky, Dokuzparinsky districts are in the lead), while the urban area receives a small replenishment. A very insignificant positive balance can be traced in international migration (the Lak and Magaramkent districts are distinguished). Conclusions. The mountainous territories of Dagestan are losing young people, which is one of the most important factors provoking a decrease in the sustainability of socio-economic development. The unfavorable geographical position of settlements and the peculiarities of the ethnic composition of the population are among the determinants that increase the outflow of young people from mountainous areas. The dominance of interregional youth decline in inter-regional flows is traced. Less significant intraregional flows are directed to the plains and coastal more dynamically developing territories.
Mathematical model development of a surface translational landslide with a sod on straight slopes of mountain territories during atmospheric precipitation
Authors:   National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Khalkechev Kemal , Khalkechev Ruslan ,   National University of Science and Technology MISIS
Published: May 2024

Introduction. An analysis of existing studies shows that surface translational landslides on grassy slopes, along with other hazards, contribute to soil erosion and harm grazing lands. The formation of a landslide body is based on the stress-strain state of a sod and its subsequent destruction when liquid precipitation falls on the slope. The most accurate method for studying such a landslide process is mathematical modeling. The fundamental disadvantages of all existing mathematical models in this area is an incomplete system of equations that describe the stress-strain state of a surface layer of a slope during precipitation. Materials and methods. This study uses a mathematical modeling methodology based on theory of generalized functions. Results and discussion. The developed mathematical model is reduced to a system of partial differential equations. This system describes the stress-strain state of a sod, caused by the external stress field and the stress field of the swelling. The study of this system of equations and the resulting final expressions showed that the superposition of these stress fields leads to a weak bending of a potential landslide body. Separation of this body from the slope occurs under the influence of general stretching, leading to its destruction. As a result, it turns into a lumpy, loose landslide body that moves down the slope. Conclusion. The mechanism of a surface translational landslide with a sod on straight slopes of mountain territories during atmospheric precipitation has been revealed. According to this mechanism: 1) the external stress field forms a potential landslide body; 2) under the influence of the liquid precipitation, the stress field of the swelling is formed. The superposition of these stress fields leads to a movement of the landslide over a short distance. Suggestions for practical application and direction of future research. The research results can be used to prevent landslides with a sod on straight slopes of mountainous territories during precipitation. Further research directions should be related to an improvement of mathematical models of the stress-strain state of a sod under different slope topography.
Method for planning and management improving of technological processes for air supply in coal mines
Authors:   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University), Bosikov Igor , Mazko Aleksander ,   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University), Silaev Ivan ,   North Ossetian State University named after K. L. Khetagurov, Tlekhugov Astemir ,   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University)
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Management methods in complex technical systems of the mining and processing complex are currently considered as the main tool for improving the planning and management of technological processes in coal mines. In this regard, there is a need to develop an apparatus that allows research and design of methods on a unified basis. Methodology and research methods. During theoretical studies, methods of mathematical statistics and graph theory were used. The apparatus of mathematical logic, set theory and Gomori algorithms and their modifications were used. Discussion of research results. The article presents the results of research to develop a method for improving the planning and control of technological processes of air supply in coal mines. It has been established that the assessment and analysis of methods for improving the planning and control of technological processes of air supply (ATS) in coal mines are becoming increasingly relevant in connection with the modernization of mining production in the Russian Federation. Conclusion. Based on the research carried out, theoretical and practical problems were set and solved, an analysis of the patterns of TPV was carried out to improve the safety and prevent emergency situations of TPV in coal mines. Methods for calculating and analyzing safety for the variable structure of the system and its multifunctional states have been improved, allowing for the selection of optimal TPV parameters and performing calculations to ensure trouble-free operation of the TPV. The research results can be used to set the structure and control technological processes of air supply in coal mines. Conclusions on the article. The article presents the results of TPV studies conducted in coal mines. A method has been developed for analyzing and assessing components for controlling the air supply system of hot water supply, where its use allows for a comprehensive analysis and assessment of emergency situations of hot water supply. The research results can be useful when carrying out mining operations at all enterprises where air supply is necessary.
Generalized mathematical model of the main problems of the elasticity theory for anisotropic bodies
Authors:   National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, Adigamov Arkadiy , Yudenkov Aleksey ,   Russian University of Economics after G.V. Plekhanov, Noginova Ludmila ,   National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The assessment of the strength of underground structures is a complex task that requires a comprehensive approach. In many cases empirical methods based on experience are not sufficient. For effective application of analytical methods, it is necessary to use mathematical modelling. This allows to simplify the problem considerably, to consider different variants, to identify cases to obtain a solution in a closed form. Materials and methods. The model is based on a system of singular integral equations with a shift and complex conjugate terms. The solution of the system is the complex elastic potential. Systems of singular equations with a Carleman shift are considered on the space of random functions converging in the mean square to expand the possibility of practical use of the work results. Results. The results of the study are: a mathematical model formulation, the development of an algorithm for reducing a system of singular equations to a system of known Fredholm integral equations of the second kind, a method for determining the solvability conditions and the number of solutions. Discussion. As a result of the study: (1) a general algorithm for finding a solution to a mathematical model is obtained; (2) the methodology for determining the number of solutions and the type of solvability conditions is given; (3) The solution algorithm is extended for the stochastic case; (4) The possibility of wider application of the mathematical apparatus of functions of complex variable for research of strength properties of rocks is proved. Conclusion. The proposed comprehensive approach to assessing the strength characteristics of underground structures, combining a set of analytical methods in conjunction with mathematical modelling, expands the variability of calculation and allows to simplify the problem significantly and obtain a solution in closed form. Resume. The paper develops a mathematical model of the stress state of an elastic body, which allows solving the basic problems of elasticity theory for a variety of media. Suggestions for practical applications and directions for future research. The results of the study make it possible to improve the efficiency of analytical methods in the study of the strength of underground structures. The obtained results are applicable for predicting the strength and safety of underground structures.
A Smart Vertical Farming Hub at Isra University, Jordan: Toward the Development of Resilient Cities
Authors:   Isra University, Younis Ahmad , Al-Husban Yaseen ,   Isra University, Abu-Rumman Ghaida ,   Isra University, Haddad Nizar ,   National Agricultural Research Center
Published: May 2024

The UN projects that 80% of the world’s population will be living in urban areas by the year 2050. The big rise in urbanization is anticipated to happen in Asia and Africa, and Jordan is no exemption. Dietary shifts and changes in food, energy and water nexus demands are all associated with rapid urbanization and population growth.These ramifications could even exacerbate the stress already existing on natural resources. Concerns about food security had been highlighted in 2020 and most recently in 2022 in the Jeddah Security and Development Summit, by His Majesty King Abdullah II, as the country suffered from food insecurity resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic.The pandemic had brought extra burden to an already battered economy in Jordan. It also has forced ~55% of households in Jordan to resort to the crisis by food-related survival strategies such as reducing number of meals to make ends meet. Different researchers have called to a transformation in the way the cities are planned and governed to value them in the “post-pandemic era”, to enhance futureproof models that are in harmony with local conditions and planetary boundaries, such as a “regenerative city” model aiming for greater resilience and to achieve SDGs the country pledged to. This paper highlights such facts and associated challenges through examining different literaturesto find that research on vertical farming is currently noticeable. It is believed that such method wouldestablish better understanding scholarly base of vertical farming’s theory and practice. Accordingly, the examined literatures proofed to legitimate the urgent need for the “Smart Vertical Farming Hub” at Isra University (Jordan). It successfully produced different types of greenery leaves, green pepper, and strawberry. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the nature of this project in Jordan is considered as a unique initiative aiming towardsdeveloping resilient Jordanian cities.
Study of the properties of two-layer concrete-fiber-concrete structures at different ratio of layer thickness
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Mining University, Popov Mikhail , Sinegubov Vyacheslav ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The article presents the results of a study of the strength properties of concrete, fiber-reinforced concrete and combined structures (two-layer concrete-fiber-reinforced concrete structures, where one layer is made of concrete without reinforcement, the second is made of fiber-reinforced concrete). Materials and Methods. Two types of concrete mixture were prepared, differing only in that polypropylene fiber was added to one (dosage 5 kg/m3), and to the other not. From these mixtures 4 series of samples were made, three pieces in each one with dimensions of 100×100×400 mm of various compositions: 1st series is completely made of a mixture with fiber; 2nd series is completely without fiber; 3rd series is made of two layers: the first half (50 mm in height of the sample) consists of a mixture with fiber, and the second half without it; 4th series is one third (33 mm in height of the sample) from a mixture with fiber, and two thirds part without fiber. Results. After the standard hardening period all specimens were tested for tensile flexural strength (three-point bending). On the basis of these tests, conclusions were drawn about the possibility of using fiber reinforcement of structures not for the entire volume, but only within the stretched zone. Discussion. Based on these tests, conclusions were drawn about the possibility of using fiber reinforcement structures not for the entire volume, but only within the stretched zone. Conclusion. The results of laboratory studies have shown that samples with fibroblast have residual strength, while samples without fibroblast have a sharp decrease in strength after reaching a peak value, and the processes of changing the limit of proportionality (strength) when testing combined samples of concrete and fibroblast structures are described. Resume. The results can be used in the design of fiber-reinforced concrete structures experiencing tensile loads, as well as in the development of research in this area. The principal possibility of using combined (two-layer) structures in the design of sprayed concrete supports with a complex geometry of the production contour is proved. The further development of this research topic is relevant when considering multilayer concrete and fiber-reinforced concrete structures. For practical purposes, these results can be useful, especially when designing sprayed concrete supports of mine workings.
Shifting focus from ideality to reality: a qualitative study on how quality of life is defined by premanifest and manifest Huntington’s disease gene expansion carriers
Authors: Lonkhuizen Pearl J. C. van , Heemskerk Anne-Wil , Slutter Leanne , Duijn Erik van , de Bot Susanne T. , Chavannes Niels H. , Meijer Eline
Published: May 2024

Background: Understanding quality of life (QoL) is important in diseases for which there is no cure to date, such as Huntington’s disease (HD). A deeper level of understanding is, however, compromised by the lack of studies examining QoL from the perspectives of HD gene expansion carriers (HDGECs). Only a few qualitative studies on QoL in HD have been performed, yet none investigated how QoL is defined by HDGECs themselves.
Objective: This qualitative study explores how premanifest and manifest HDGECs define their QoL.
Methods: Online semi-structured interviews were conducted with 6 premanifest and 6 manifest HDGECs in the Netherlands. Qualitative content analysis was used to explore participants’ QoL definitions via inductive coding and the subsequent formulation of (sub)categories and (sub)themes.
Results: Premanifest and manifest HDGECs had a different focus when defining QoL. Two subthemes were identified for premanifest HDGECs: Thoughts about a meaningful life regardless of HD and Concerns about the future progression and impact of HD. For manifest HDGECs, two other subthemes were identified: Coming to terms with HD and Shifting perspectives due to the impact of HD. One overall theme was generated, reflecting the difference and adaptive shift in focus between premanifest and manifest HDGECs: Shifting focus from ideality to reality.
Conclusions: In providing optimal care, HDGECs should be considered as part of a complex, continuously changing environment, thereby taking into account their individual QoL experiences and tailoring care accordingly. HDGECs might benefit from forming helpful beliefs about future adaptability and resilience and developing adaptive coping strategies.
Deciphering autism heterogeneity: a molecular stratification approach in four mouse models
Authors: Pellissier Lucie , Gora Caroline , Dudas Ana , vaugrente Oceane , Drobecq Lucile , Pecnard Emmanuel , Lefort Gaelle
Published: May 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication, as well as restrained or stereotyped behaviors. The inherent heterogeneity within the autism spectrum poses challenges for developing effective pharmacological treatments targeting core features. Successful clinical trials require the identification of robust markers to enable patient stratification. In this study, we identified molecular markers within the oxytocin and immediate early gene families across five interconnected brain structures of the social circuit. We used wild-type and four heterogeneous ASD mouse models, each exhibiting unique behavioral features along the autism spectrum. While dysregulations in the oxytocin family were model-specific, immediate early genes displayed widespread alterations, reflecting global changes in social plasticity in the four models. Through integrative analysis, we identified Egr1, Foxp1, Homer1a, Oxt and Oxtr as five robust and discriminant molecular markers that allowed successful stratification of the four models. Importantly, our stratification demonstrated predictive values when challenged with a fifth mouse model or identifying subgroups of mice potentially responsive to oxytocin treatment. Beyond providing insights into oxytocin and immediate early gene mRNA dynamics, this proof-of-concept study represents a significant step toward potential stratification of individuals with ASD. This work has implications for the success of clinical trials and the development of personalized medicine in autism.
Why do undergraduate medical students choose medical humanities? A cross-sectional study at an Italian university
Authors: Tusoni Francesca , Giusti Laura , Iagnemma Annalisa , Necozione Stefano , Franceschini Alessandro , Ferrara Vincenza , Romano Silvio , Cofini Vincenza , Fabiani Leila
Published: May 2024

Background
Medical humanities can contribute positively to clinical practice and medical education. Therefore, in many countries, medical schools have been progressively incorporating medical humanities into their curriculum. In Italy, only a few medical schools offer a variety of medical humanities courses, often as elective. What induces Italian medical students to take a medical humanities course has not yet been explored. The aim of this study is to fill this gap by investigating whether academic performance, sociodemographic and psychological variables may influence student motivation.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study in a medical school and collected data from 260 medical students, from the 3rd to the 6th years of study course. The students who took a course in Medical Humanities were compared with those who took not, analysing numeric variables (age, grade point average, psychometric scores) and categorical variables (gender, nationality, educational level, living conditions). Motivations were investigated by open-ended questions and categorized prior to analyses.
Results
The two subgroups showed no significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics, except for age, which was lower for the students who chose to take a medical humanities course (p < 0.001). Psychological scores were worse for the students taking a Medical Humanities course. However, only anxiety differed significantly (p < 0.05). Regarding academic performance, the number of examinations passed was similar between the groups, while the average grade was lower for the students taking the course (p < 0.01). Interest in the humanities and their educational potential were the main reasons for choosing to take a course in medical humanities (76.2%). Concurrent commitments and lack of time were the major obstacles to this choice (39%).
Conclusions
Age, anxiety levels and expectations of academic performance can play a decisive role in the choice of whether to attend a medical humanities course. Considering the workload due to curricular activities when scheduling elective courses could increase student participation.
Molecular interplay between HURP and Kif18A in mitotic spindle regulation
Authors: Nogales Eva , Perez-Bertoldi Juan , Zhao Yuanchang , Thawani Akanksha , Yildiz Ahmet
Published: May 2024

During mitosis, microtubule dynamics are regulated to ensure proper alignment and segregation of chromosomes. The dynamics of kinetochore-attached microtubules are regulated by hepatoma-upregulated protein (HURP) and the mitotic kinesin-8 Kif18A, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Using single-molecule imaging in vitro, we demonstrate that Kif18A motility is regulated by HURP. While sparse decoration of HURP activates the motor, higher concentrations hinder processive motility. To shed light on this behavior, we determined the binding mode of HURP to microtubules using Cryo-EM. The structure reveals that one HURP motif spans laterally across β-tubulin, while a second motif binds between adjacent protofilaments. HURP partially overlaps with the microtubule-binding site of the Kif18A motor domain, indicating that excess HURP inhibits Kif18A motility by steric exclusion. We also observed that HURP and Kif18A function together to suppress dynamics of the microtubule plus-end, providing a mechanistic basis for how they collectively serve in spindle length control.
Flow control of three-dimensional cylinders transitioning to turbulence via multi-agent reinforcement learning
Authors: Suárez Pol , Álcantara-Ávila Francisco , Rabault Jean , Miró Arnau , Font Bernat , Lehmkuhl Oriol , Vinuesa Ricardo
Published: May 2024

Designing active-flow-control (AFC) strategies for three-dimensional (3D) bluff bodies is a challenging task with critical industrial implications. In this study we explore the potential of discovering novel control strategies for drag reduction using deep reinforcement learning. We introduce a high-dimensional AFC setup on a 3D cylinder, considering Reynolds numbers (Re_D) from 100 to 400, which is a range including the transition to 3D wake instabilities. The setup involves multiple zero-net-mass-flux jets positioned on the top and bottom surfaces, aligned into two slots. The method relies on coupling the computational-fluid-dynamics solver with a multi-agent reinforcement-learning (MARL) framework based on the proximal-policy-optimization algorithm. MARL offers several advantages: it exploits local invariance, adaptable control across geometries, facilitates transfer learning and cross-application of agents, and results in a significant training speedup. For instance, our results demonstrate 21% drag reduction for Re_D=300, outperforming classical periodic control, which yields up to 6% reduction. To the authors' knowledge, the present MARL-based framework represents the first time where training is conducted in 3D cylinders. This breakthrough paves the way for conducting AFC on progressively more complex turbulent-flow configurations.
Eagles’ syndrome, Is it the longest styloid process length to date? A case report and an overview of the literature
Authors: Alaqeeli Abdul-Aziz , Hamze Afaf K , Farag Ismail
Published: May 2024

Eagle syndrome is a rare condition that occurs when the styloid process, a bony projection in the skull, becomes elongated and causes pain in the head, neck, and face. The causes of Eagle syndrome are not entirely clear, but it is believed to be related to a genetic predisposition or trauma to the head or neck. The most common symptoms of Eagle syndrome include a sharp pain in the throat or ear, difficulty swallowing, and a feeling of a foreign object in the throat. Other symptoms may include headaches, facial pain, and neck pain.
Diagnosis of Eagle syndrome can be challenging as symptoms can be mistaken for other conditions such as myofascial pain syndromes , glossopharyngeal or trigeminal neuralgias , migraine and cervical arthritis . however proper diagnosis can be established by performing adequate physical exam, taking clear medical history, and full workup including imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs to confirm the diagnosis.
Mapping the Gut-Brain Connection: Exploring Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Diverse Age Groups and Geographic Contexts
Authors: Ghosh Anindita , Jindal Palak , Nalwaya Nishita
Published: May 2024

This research aimed to discern the correlation between knowledge, attitude, and practices concerning gut health across various age groups and geographical settings. Drawing from a diverse demographic, the study exhibited an equal distribution between two main age brackets and cities, with a noticeable tilt towards female participants across various occupations. Misconceptions about the gut's anatomy and function were prominent, with a sizeable fraction equating the gut solely to the stomach. Moreover, the prevalent belief that passing 1-2 bowels daily indicates superior gut health signals a potential oversimplification of health markers. Despite growing scientific evidence emphasizing the gut's inter-connection with other systems, the surveyed population displayed limited awareness of these relationships. However, in exploring perceptions about functional foods, the study found a dichotomous opinion on their therapeutic role. Statistical analyses, including regression and correlation, revealed no significant age-dependent tendencies in the willingness to adopt dietary supplements, while only a weak correlation was detected between gender and two gut-related variables. The findings offer valuable insights for health educators, medical practitioners, and policymakers, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive educational campaigns tailored to address these misconceptions and reinforce a scientifically grounded understanding of gut health.
Activity and product distribution in Ni-Co and Ni-Cu catalyst-mediated lignin depolymerization into phenolic substances with isopropanol H-donating solvent
Authors: Ewuzie Remigius Nnadozie , Genza Jackson Robinson , Abdullah Ahmad Zuhairi
Published: May 2024

Lignin, a vital renewable biopolymer, serves as Earth's primary source of aromatics and carbon. Its depolymerization presents significant potential for producing phenolic fine chemicals. This study assesses promoted Ni-based bimetallic catalysts (Ni-Co/C and Ni-Cu/C) supported on activated carbon in isopropanol for lignin depolymerization, compared to monometallic counterparts. BET, SEM, EDX, and XPS analyses highlight their physicochemical properties and promotional effects, enhancing hydrogenolysis activity and hydrogen transformation. Reaction parameter exploration elucidates the influence on lignin depolymerization, with cobalt and copper as promoters notably increasing conversion and monomer yield. Ni-Co/C exhibits the highest lignin conversion (94.2 %) and maximum monomer yield (53.1 wt. %) under specified conditions, with lower activation energy (36.1  kJ/mol) and higher turnover frequency (31.6 h−1) compared to Ni/C. FT-IR, GPC, GC-FID, and GC-MS analyses confirm effective depolymerization, identifying 20 monomer products. Proposed reaction mechanisms underscore the potential of Ni-based bimetallic catalysts for lignin valorization, offering insights into developing efficient catalytic systems for lignin hydrogenolysis. This research enhances understanding and facilitates the development of selective catalytic processes for lignin valorization.
Optimizing autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: early step-down ward vs. HEPA-filtered room settings – a practical approach for resource-constrained settings
Authors: Kunacheewa Chutima , Niwatkittipon Sukanpuk , Atakulreka Suparat , Donsakul Nawapotch , Kungwankiattichai Smith , Karoopongse Ekapun , Jianthanakanon Jane , Sonsak Narupon , Vittayawacharin Pongthep , Meeudompong Utairat , Sathapanapitagkit Natchanon , Kulchutisin Kamolchanok , Owattanapanich Weerapat
Published: May 2024

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a cornerstone treatment for multiple myeloma, and its application is increasing. Despite extensive studies, outpatient ASCT remains challenging in developing countries due to elevated infection risks, socioeconomic limitations, and logistical hurdles. This retrospective and prospective study analyzed 232 patients who underwent ASCT between January 2017 and October 2023. Participants were allocated into two cohorts: patients treated in high-efficiency particulate air-filtered rooms until discharge (HEPA-filtered group) and those who transitioned to a step-down ward postinfusion (SD group). The baseline characteristics of the patients in the groups were comparable. The primary endpoints were the incidence of febrile neutropenia and serious infectious complications, while the secondary endpoints were intensive care unit transfer rates, re-admission rates, therapy-related mortality, and overall survival. The incidence rates of febrile neutropenia were similar (94%), as were the rates of severe infections (septicemia rate: 13%). There were no differences in therapy-related mortality (30 days: 0%, 100 days: 0%) or overall survival. The early transition to the SD ward reduced the median duration of HEPA-filtered room use to 4 days without adversely impacting morbidity or mortality. These outcomes endorse the feasibility of conducting ASCT in non-HEPA-filtered settings in resource-constrained environments.
Employing Machine Learning Approaches and Multivariate Analysis to Assess Groundwater Quality for Irrigation in the Mornag Plain, Tunisia
Authors: Hfaiedh Emna , Gaagai Aissam , Moussa Amor Ben , Petitta Marco , Mlayah Ammar , Elsayed Salah , Elsherbiny Osama , Eid Mohamed Hamdy , Farouk Mohamed , Gad Mohamed
Published: May 2024

The crucial assessment of water quality in the Mornag Plain, Tunisia, is fundamental for reservoir management, ensuring suitability for consumption, and preserving environmental integrity. Employing a diverse range of methodologies, such as water quality indices (WQIs), statistical analyses, geographic information systems (GIS), and decision tree (DT) model, provided a nuanced understanding of the compositional attributes of groundwater designated for irrigation. Detected categories of water, for instance Na-Cl, Ca-Mg-SO4, and a combination of Ca-Mg-Cl/SO4, displayed unique chemical signatures. These patterns were shaped by diverse processes including interactions between water and rock, the breakdown of dolomite, the concentration of minerals through evaporation, the swapping of ions, and human impact. Evaluating groundwater's suitability for irrigation purposes by employing measures like Na%, SAR, SSP, and MH, demonstrated that a significant portion of the samples conformed to approved norms. However, the analysis revealing 65.6% of the IWQI and every instance of PS falling within the spectrum of high to severe constraints, as well as ranging from detrimental to unsatisfactory classes, underscores the obstacles in sustaining superior irrigation water standards. The predictive model, DT, demonstrated robust results in forecasting all water quality indices. The DT-HyC-9 model stood out as the top performer in prediction accuracy, demonstrating a robust correlation with prime factors affecting IWQI, as shown by substantial R2 metrics in both the training and evaluation phases. Likewise, the DT-HyC-3 approach showcased remarkable precision in forecasting IWQI, highlighting the critical role of three essential factors. These results provide crucial guidance for policymakers engaged in managing water quality, laying the groundwork for the sustainable management of water resources within the Mornag Plain. The integration of advanced methodologies and predictive models enhances the understanding of groundwater dynamics, facilitating informed decision-making for the region's water sustainability.
Neck Extensor Myopathy- A Treatable Cause of Dropped Head Syndrome
Authors: Varghese Nibu , D Vimal Chandraghosh K , Menon Deepak , Kattadimmal Anoop , P Abdurahiman , Mathew Jubin , S Shobika B
Published: May 2024

Dropped head syndrome (DHS) is characterized by a passively correctable chin-on-neck deformity in erect posture and can stem from a wide variety of neurological disorders spanning the neuraxis. . Neuromuscular disorders account for a major chunk of DHS and include disease of anterior horn cell diseases, polyradiculopathies and cervical plexopathies, disease of neuromuscular junction and myopathies. Isolated DHS without additional neurological features poses a management challenge, particularly because the symptoms can significantly impact the patient's quality of life and may not always respond to treatment..(Ref)Here we present a patient with isolated DHS with evaluation revealing isolated next extensor myopathy with remarkable response to treatment. Although isolated neck extensor myopathy typically exhibit poor immunomodulatory response, timely identification and early intervention probably can lead to a favourable outcome in a subgroup of patients.