bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A percepção dos níveis de aprendizagem de cartografia dos alunos do ensino fundamental
Authors: Silva Rosane Vieira da , Cirolini Angélica , Bruch Alexandre Felipe , Fonseca Elisandra Hernandes da , Campos Suyane Gonçalves , Freitas Fernanda Luz de
Published: January 2019

A cartografia escolar possibilita que o aluno possa aprender a se localizar no espaço geográfico e representá-lo nas diversas formas de representação cartográfica. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o conhecimento cartográfico no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da geografia no ensino fundamental das escolas públicas do município de Pelotas, RS. A aplicação de questionários no primeiro momento possibilitou a realização de uma análise do conhecimento já adquirido no ensino de cartografia, onde os resultados obtidos apresentam dados preocupantes, uma vez que expõem a carência apresentada pelos alunos no que concerne às noções básicas de cartografia. Através da realização de algumas atividades práticas como, desenho em escala, orientação no pátio da escola, “caça ao tesouro”, apresentações de mapas, globo terrestre, localização, confecção de bússola artesanal, procurou-se promover o aprendizado de conceitos geográficos e cartográficos de modo relacionado, possibilitando aos estudantes um melhor entendimento dos conteúdos e processos espaciais a partir da compreensão e uso da linguagem cartográfica. Ao concluir as atividades foi repassado o questionário inicial, para possibilitar a análise do conteúdo trabalhado e verificar se os alunos conseguiram assimilar os temas propostos. Neste segundo questionário, foi possível observar um percentual positivo, e os alunos participaram mais efetivamente se arriscando nas suas respostas sem se abster. Durante todo o desenvolvimento das atividades nas escolas, os alunos demonstraram reciprocidade, motivação e interesse em participar de todas as etapas de maneira efetiva, onde foi possível construir o conhecimento de forma coletiva.
CULTURA CAMPONESA E A CONSTRUÇÃO DA AGROECOLOGIA NOS PROCESSOS FORMATIVOS DA EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO
Authors: Dias Vanessa Gonçalves , Ribeiro Juliane Soares , Lopes Dilmar Luiz
Published: January 2019

Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral apresentar o Projeto de Extensão intitulado “Formação de educadores das escolas dos assentamentos da Reforma Agrária do Rio Grande do Sul/RS” que foi desenvolvido pelo Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra – MST em parceria com a Faculdade de Educação/FACED na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul/UFRGS no período de 2016 a 2017. Tendo como objetivo aprofundar a discussão do papel da cultura camponesa dos movimentos sociais, da agroecologia e do trabalho cooperativo como eixos articuladores da organização do trabalho pedagógico das escolas do campo. Os sujeitos participantes do projeto foram educadores/as de escolas estaduais e de cooperativas localizadas em assentamentos da Reforma Agrária na Região Metropolitana do Rio Grande do Sul. Desta forma, com base na perspectiva teórico-metodológica da Pesquisa Participante (BRANDÃO, 1986, 2001; JARA, 1990) e da Educação Popular (FREIRE, 1979, 2005; PALUDO, 2001) o projeto realizou-se a partir de encontros mensais de formação. Por fim, destaca-se enquanto avanço o potente processo de apropriação dos pressupostos da Educação do Campo pelos educadores: como a cultura camponesa, o trabalho cooperativo e a agroecologia bem como os limites do próprio processo formativo: a frágil interlocução pratica entre o cotidiano do trabalho pedagógico das escolas do campo com a produção agroecológica dos assentamentos.
Framing Meaning through Criminalization
Authors: Wilenmann Javier
Published: January 2019

Contemporary legal scholarship on criminalization focuses on evaluating the legitimacy of legislative decisions according to abstract standards of justice. In recent years, socio-legally oriented scholarship has attempted to do away with this focus by linking the theory of criminalization to the study of the real trends of criminal law enforcement. The article offers a critique of both approaches in what refers to the traditional area of application of the theory of criminalization, namely symbolic criminalization. It argues that whereas traditional papers discuss the legitimacy of the “enforcement of morality” through the criminal law, symbolic criminalization conflicts actually originate in disputes about meaning in plural societies. The real question that this phenomenon poses is thus not whether the enforcement of neutral morality is legitimate, but rather whether meaning framing through criminalization is.
Conflicting Duties in Criminal Law
Authors: Coca-Vila Ivó
Published: January 2019

Despite the great interest aroused among Anglo-American criminal law scholars by the justification of necessity, the conflict of duties as a separate defense sui generis has gone largely unnoticed until now. The aim of this paper is to fill the gap by providing a critical review of the concept and foundation for a conflict of duties as defense in the continental criminal law. Regarding the former, this legal institution is defined as a conflict between grounds of obligation that cannot be cumulatively fulfilled. Their deontic nature (prohibited or required) is thus irrelevant. With regard to the second issue, the argument is made that the solution of the collision involves a judgment set out to hierarchically arrange the colliding reasons from a formal point of view that is respectful with the principles of autonomy and solidarity. Therefore, the obligor must only fulfill the strongest ground of obligation—the only duty that can be legitimized in the particular situation—or, when before a conflict between equivalent grounds of obligation, they must comply with the disjunctive or alternative duty—aid one or the other—which the legal system imposes on them.
A systematic study on the recent crisis in public health in Kerala
Authors: Datta Saptashwa
Published: January 2019

Introduction: The state of Kerala in the country of India has been getting on the wrong side of nature over the past few years. From raging floods to massive outbreaks of viral diseases, the state of Kerala has been in turmoil over the past few years. The rains and floods have ceased leaving behind a catastrophic world of copious vector-borne infectious diseases. Moreover, a migrant crisis has been looming over the state for the past few decades resulting in an accumulation of various other dangerous diseases from multiple different parts of the country. Even after taking into consideration the great health care facilities in Kerala there have been multiple reports of infectious disease outbreaks, especially in rural districts. This short review is written with the purpose to review the facts into a single entity that can provide solid proof and hence evoke a stricter sense of awareness among communities to minimize the losses and prevent the exigency of public health that can occur not too far away in the foreseeable future.

Methods: Various databases were searched like Scopus and Google scholar and all articles related to reported infections in the state of Kerala and the factors which can lead to the public health crisis were selected and included in the review.

Results: A multiple numbers of articles on viral infections were obtained in the various databases. Most of the bacterial infections were reported as urinary and respiratory tract infections. Migrant crisis and 2018 floods were two of the most recent contributing factors that can lead to an emergency in public health in the state.

Conclusion: There can be a sudden unexpected outbreak of infectious diseases if the government does not carefully monitor the rural districts like Alappuzha.
Antibiotic Prescribing for Children in United States Emergency Departments: 2009–2014
Authors: Poole Nicole M. , Shapiro Daniel J. , Fleming-Dutra Katherine E. , Hicks Lauri A. , Hersh Adam L. , Kronman Matthew P.
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVES:

To characterize and compare ambulatory antibiotic prescribing for children in US pediatric and nonpediatric emergency departments (EDs).

METHODS:

A cross-sectional retrospective study of patients aged 0 to 17 years discharged from EDs in the United States was conducted by using the 2009–2014 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey ED data. We estimated the proportion of ED visits resulting in antibiotic prescriptions, stratified by antibiotic spectrum, class, diagnosis, and ED type (“pediatric” defined as >75% of visits by patients aged 0–17 years, versus “nonpediatric”). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors independently associated with first-line, guideline-concordant prescribing for acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis.

RESULTS:

In 2009–2014, of the 29 million mean annual ED visits by children, 14% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10%–20%) occurred at pediatric EDs. Antibiotics overall were prescribed more frequently in nonpediatric than pediatric ED visits (24% vs 20%, P < .01). Antibiotic prescribing frequencies were stable over time. Of all antibiotics prescribed, 44% (95% CI: 42%–45%) were broad spectrum, and 32% (95% CI: 30%–34%, 2.1 million per year) were generally not indicated. Compared with pediatric EDs, nonpediatric EDs had a higher frequency of prescribing macrolides (18% vs 8%, P < .0001) and a lower frequency of first-line, guideline-concordant prescribing for the respiratory conditions studied (77% vs 87%, P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Children are prescribed almost 7 million antibiotic prescriptions in EDs annually, primarily in nonpediatric EDs. Pediatric antibiotic stewardship efforts should expand to nonpediatric EDs nationwide, particularly regarding avoidance of antibiotic prescribing for conditions for which antibiotics are not indicated, reducing macrolide prescriptions, and increasing first-line, guideline-concordant prescribing.
Fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade
Authors: Kuhl Adriana Masiero , Ferreira Tatiana , Melhem Angélica Rocha de Freitas , Cavazzotto Timothy Gustavo , Ferreira Sandra Aires , Queiroga Marcos Roberto
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência de fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares de acordo com o sexo e o percentual de gordura (%G) em crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade.Materiais e Métodos: Participaram do estudo 53 crianças e adolescentes (27 meninos e 26 meninas de 6 a 16 anos) com sobrepeso e obesidade que foram submetidos a medidas de massa corporal (MC), estatura e circunferência da cintura (CC), bioimpedância (%G) e coleta sanguínea para determinação das concentrações de glicose e perfil lipídico (TG, CT, HDL-C, LDL-C). O índice de massa corporal foi calculado (IMC=MC kg/estatura m²), IMC z-score foi empregado para classificação do estado nutricional e o índice HOMA-RI (>2,5) para resistência à insulina (RI).Resultados: As meninas demonstraram, para mesma idade, maior MC e CC do que os meninos. Quando classificados de acordo com o %G, observou-se que o grupo com valores determinados em alto (acima de 25% meninos e 30% meninas) apresentaram níveis de CT e LDL-C superior aos participantes com valores moderadamente altos (entre 20-25% meninos e 25-30% meninas). Grande parte dos participantes demonstram classificação de risco cardiovascular alterados para %G (77,5%), CC (64,2%), HDL-C (67,9%), CT (45,3%), LDL-C (24,5%), TG (41,5%) e RI (49,5%).Conclusão: A prevalência de fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares é elevada neste grupo de crianças e adolescente com sobrepeso e obesidade e medidas de prevenção primária deverão ser implantadas.
Nutritional risk in patients with gastrointestinal tract cancer: diagnostic methods
Authors: Perry Ingrid Schweigert , Stangherlin Luana , De Barros Taíse Pedroso , Bongiolo Angela Martinha , Da Silva Marco Antonio , Castro Kamila , Ceretta Luciane Bisognin , Perry Ingrid Schweigert
Published: January 2019

Introdução: O câncer é um problema de saúde pública impactante, especialmente em países em desenvolvimento.Objetivo: Avaliar o risco de desnutrição em pacientes com câncer do Trato Gastrointestinal e a efetividade de métodos de diagnóstico comparativamente à Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida pelo Paciente.Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, com 148 pacientes internados no hospital São José, Criciúma, Santa Catarina e avaliados pela Avaliação Subjetiva Global, Questionário Nutricional Simplificado de Apetite, Índice de Massa Corporal, prega cutânea tricipital, circunferência do braço e área muscular do braço.Resultados: Pela avaliação subjetiva, 47,3% apresentaram risco de desnutrição e 20,9% desnutrição grave. O índice de massa corporal foi significativamente maior nos pacientes classificados como bem nutridos de ambos os sexos; a área muscular do braço foi menor nos pacientes classificados como desnutridos; a circunferência do braço mostrou capacidade discriminatória para os pacientes bem nutridos; não houve diferença nas médias da prega cutânea triciptal entre as classificações da avaliação subjetiva global; o questionário do apetite apresentou escores menores em pacientes do sexo masculino desnutridos, relativamente aos pacientes em risco de desnutrição e bem nutridos.Conclusão: À exceção da prega cutânea triciptal, conclui-se que há capacidade discriminatória relativa às classificações bem nutrido e desnutrido e, entre bem nutrido e em risco nutricional em todos os outros métodos (circunferência e área muscular do braço, índice de massa corporal e questionário do apetite). Entre as três classificações (bem nutrido, em risco nutricional e desnutrido) há capacidade discriminatória pelo índice de massa corporal, circunferência do braço e questionário do apetite.
Excess weight in a sample of schoolchildren from a city in southern Brazil
Authors: Pereira Letícia Reis , Moreira Fernanda Pedrotti , Reyes Amanda Neumann , Bach Suelen De Lima , Do Amaral Paulinia Leal , Motta Janaína Dos Santos , Da Silva Ricardo Azevedo , Jansen Karen
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados, tanto da criança quanto do cuidador, ao excesso de peso em escolares de uma cidade do sul do Brasil.Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com amostra de base escolar, onde 20 escolas foram selecionadas por amostragem aleatória sistemática. Foram incluídas crianças de sete e oito anos completos ou que completassem durante o ano de coleta de dados, e seus cuidadores (pessoa responsável pela criança). Foi aplicado um questionário de coleta de dados sociodemográficos. Os dados antropométricos foram coletados para o cálculo do índice de massa corporal, e o estado nutricional categorizado de acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde. Os testes de hipóteses foram conduzidos por qui-quadrado e ajustados por regressão de Poisson.Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 596 crianças e seus cuidadores. Entre as crianças, a prevalência de sobrepeso foi de 20,4% e de obesidade foi de 24,0%. Pertencer a famílias de maior indicador econômico (p=0,031) e ter cuidadores com sobrepeso (p=0,004) ou obesidade (p=0,017) associou-se a maior prevalência de sobrepeso infantil. Ser do sexo feminino (p=0,002), pertencer a famílias com indicador econômico intermediário (p=0,014) ou alto (p=0,002) e ter cuidador com sobrepeso (p<0,001) ou obesidade (p<0,001) foi associado a maior prevalência de obesidade infantil.Conclusão: Pode-se concluir a partir destes achados que quase a metade das crianças avaliadas estavam com excesso de peso. Sendo este, associado a um indicador econômico familiar mais alto e ao excesso de peso do cuidador.
Vigilância nutricional e alimentar na infância e adolescência: retratos da realidade
Authors: Sangalli Caroline Nicola
Published: January 2019

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A exposição da imagem dos filhos pelos pais: regular exercício da autoridade parental ou violação ao direito da personalidade da criança e do adolescente?
Authors: Rettore Anna Cristina De Carvalho , Borges e Silva Beatriz De Almeida
Published: January 2019

Graças ao desenvolvimento tecnológico, informações propagam-se com maior rapidez e em escalas incomensuráveis. Em um contexto no qual se visa a informar de forma chamativa e clara, a imagem ganha especial destaque. Daí tem emanado um grande impacto na vida privada, outrora marcadamente restrita aos círculos pessoais, de modo que, muito mais que antes, a cada um cabe avaliar o efeito de decisões referentes à divulgação de informações privadas em meios de comunicação, mormente quando essa divulgação ultrapassa a própria esfera individual, para alcançar a de outrem. No que diz respeito à relação paterno-filial, é absolutamente natural que pais, no dia a dia, decidam acerca das informações a serem disponibilizadas a respeito de seus filhos. Cabe ao Direito, diante da amplitude de meios de divulgação e da gravidade de possíveis consequências impensadas, traçar parâmetros para que a exposição da imagem dos filhos tenha os contornos de um exercício regular da autoridade parental.
Direito Fundamental à vida e o Princípio da Autonomia da Vontade: uma visão histórica diante das práticas abortivas
Authors: Steffen Stephani Elizabeth , Baez Narciso Leandro Xavier
Published: January 2019

A presente pesquisa versa sobre o direito fundamental à vida e o princípio da autonomia da vontade no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, em que faz referência a uma discussão em face do aborto analisado sob uma perspectiva histórica. Os estudos realizados têm por objetivo dissertar de forma breve sobre o significado e entendimentos doutrinários do direito fundamental a vida e do princípio da autonomia da vontade. Pretende-se também explicar quais são as espécies de abortos permitidos e proibidos no ordenamento jurídico pátrio, bem como sua história e alterações através dos tempos. Ainda, desenvolver a discussão sobre a prática do aborto no direito pátrio diante dos direitos supramencionados. Entre os pressupostos mencionados e destacados estão o direito fundamental a vida, o princípio da autonomia da vontade, e o instituto do aborto analisados em consonância com o princípio da dignidade humana que é o pilar da Constituição Federal.
LIFE-CYCLE PERFORMANCE OF HYDROGEN AS AN ENERGY MANAGEMENT SOLUTION IN HYDROPOWER PLANTS: A CASE STUDY IN CENTRAL ITALY
Authors: Valente A. , Iribarren D. , Dufour J. , Spazzafumo G.
Published: January 2019

The suitability of hydrogen as an energy management solution in a run-of-river hydropower plant inCentral Italyis evaluated from a life-cycle perspective. Hydrogen production at off-peak hours via electrolysis is considered, as well as potential hydrogen storage in metal hydrides followed by hydrogen use at peak hours for power generation using fuel cell technology. Hydropower generation and hydrogen production are identified as the subsystems contributing most to the nine evaluated impact categories (e.g., global warming, abiotic depletion and cumulative energy demand). The renewable hydrogen produced shows a more favourable life-cycle environmental and energy performance than conventional hydrogen generated via steam methane reforming. Furthermore, when enlarging the system with hydrogen use for power generation, the renewable electricity product shows a better life-cycle profile than conventional electricity for the Italian electrical grid. Overall, under life-cycle aspects, hydrogen is found to be a suitable energy solution in hydropower plants both as a hydrogen product itself (e.g., for transportation) and as a feedstock for subsequent power generation at peak hours.
NEW TECHNOLOGY OF COMPLEX PROCESSING OF PYRITE CONCENTRATE
Authors: Hakobyan K. E. , Karamyan G. G. , Hakobyan A. K.
Published: January 2019

The paper discusses the benefits of processing pyrite concentrates using a new technology that uses roasting in an atmosphere of water vapor. There are various technologies for the processing of pyrite concentrates containing precious and non-ferrous metals, Au, Ag, Cu and other elements. These technologies often have such disadvantages as undesirable release of sulfur dioxide into the environment, incomplete extraction of useful metals. The optimal modes of technological processes, such as firing temperature, the ratio of steam and solid phases, the duration of the process, the size of the particles, etc. are given. Special attention was paid to the desulfurization of pyrite concentrate with the prevention of the release of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, and its transfer into the phase of solid elemental sulfur or sodium sulfide. The developed technology makes it possible to obtain an iron cinder, and with subsequent magnetic separation and reduction in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain iron in the form of a sponge–a high-quality product for smelting steel or cast iron. The proposed technology provides a closed loop cycle and waste-free with minimal environmental pollution. The technology was tested in a pilot laboratory setup using concentrates from the Kajaran deposit inArmenia.
DETECTION OF DYNAMIC PROCESSES FOR LASER THERMOSTRENGTHENING OF THE MATERIAL SURFACE IN A REAL-TIME SCALEUNDER ILLUMINATION FROM LASER PLUME IN THE TRANSMISSION CHANNEL OF OPTICAL IMAGES VIA OPTICAL FIBER HARNESS USING A LASER BRIGHTNESS AMPLIFIER
Authors: Arakelyan S. M. , Evstigneev V. L. , Kazaryan M. A. , Gerke M. N. , Galkin A. F. , Zhirnova S. V. , Osipov A. V. , Evstyunin G. A. , Shamanskaya E. L.
Published: January 2019

The article deals with model/test experiments on laser thermal hardening with the registration of the dynamics of the material surface modification in real time using a laser projection microscope (monitor) in the geometry of “pump-probe”. Hardening of materials by laser radiation, as well as dimensional processing compared to traditional methods is much more environmentally friendly because it happens very quickly and almost without emissions of harmful substances. And the possibility of observing the surface at the time of the hardening process can improve the quality of processed products. With the help of a laser projection microscope, it is possible to detect the moment of appearance of the transition region arising from the interaction of laser radiation with matter, to monitor the dynamics of its expansion, to register the appearance of the thermal front, the melting front, oxide fronts which is relevant in the heat treatment processes. A large number of publications are devoted to such methods and their modifications which confirms the importance and effectiveness of diagnostic methods using laser projection microscope to study various dynamic processes in the interaction of laser radiation with matter. In this work, the modernization of laser projection microscope with inclusion in the probing channel of optical harness is carried out. The basic physical principles of the obtained system and the existing problems, as well as the prospects of their overcoming in various conditions of specific processes of laser thermal hardening, including the use of computer simulation to find the optimal optical circuits and modes, are revealed. Depth-of-field problems are discussed for the resulting image through an optical fiber/optical bundle when recording such dynamic processes and how to overcome them by choosing the appropriate optical scheme. The analysis is also carried out on the basis of computer modeling. These issues are important in the implementation of various thermal hardening regimes in experiments with single-and multi-beam radiation of a power laser affecting the object at the appropriate setting of the laser monitor in the probing channel.
Household and Nonprofit Balance Sheets in the Financial Accounts of the United States
Authors: Holmquist Elizabeth
Published: January 2019

This Note describes new supplemental tables in the Financial Accounts of the United States that provide separate balance sheets for households and nonprofit organizations.
Co-integration of Indian Stock Markets with Emerging Markets of Asia
Authors: Khandelwal Risha , Singh Kanhaiya
Published: January 2019

This study has made an attempt to analyse linkages between stock markets of India, Indonesia, Philippines and Taiwan. Monthly data is considered for the present study ranging from January 2000- December 2017. The study begins with description of data series of stock market returns, followed by correlation analysis which examined the degree of association between market returns. Then unit root tests (ADF and PP) were applied to determine stationary properties of time series. All the series were found to be integrated of same order i.e. I(1). Then Johansen test of co-integration is applied followed by VECM. The results of Johansen test of co integration confirm the presence of long run linkages among select stock markets. Further, the results of VECM confirm the existence of long causality from Indonesian, Taiwan, and Philippines market to Indian markets. The study suggests that the select markets allow short term diversification benefits to investors but the same is not true in long run due to some transitory movements.
Ultrasonic wave velocity measurement in concrete using the impact-echo method
Authors: Kachanov V K , Sokolov I V , Kontsov R V , Lebedev S V , Fedorenko S A
Published: January 2019

An ultrasound wave measurement technique suitable for large compact-sized (where measured thickness is comparable with other dimensions) concrete structures is described. The technique is based on ultrasonic bulk wave velocity measurement Cl. The Cl value is determined
by the correlation method: correlation is established between the experimental spectral responses of a real sample and the series spectral responses of a finite element model calculated with different model ultrasonic velocity parameter values Cmod.j. To increase the accuracy of
the velocity measurement the multiplicative correlation method is used: cross-correlation is calculated between the spectral response curves obtained at different points on the sample and the spectral response curves of the finite element model calculated for the same points of the model.
Analisis Performansi Spray and Focus pada Vehicular Delay Tolerant Network (VDTN) dengan Perubahan Kecepatan dan Kepadatan Node
Authors: Saputra Ilman Syakir , Perdana Doan
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan memperkenalkan teknologi yang sedang dikembangkan untuk dapat mengirimkan paket data tanpa langsung terhubung dengan jaringan backbone, teknologi tersebut dinamakan Delay Tolerant Network (DTN). DTN merupakan jaringan nirkabel dengan kondisi node yang berkomunikasi tidak dapat ditentukan waktunya atau hubungan antara node jarang terjadi. Tidak seperti jaringan konvensional Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), jalur end-to-end antara sumber dengan tujuan hanya akan tersedia dalam waktu yang singkat dan tidak dapat diprediksi. Node pada DTN dapat menjadi source node, intermediate node, maupun node tujuan node, terdiri dari mobile node dan static node yang terhubung dengan delay tinggi. Pada penelitian ini akan dibahas mengenai kinerja VDTN yang menggunakan protokol routing Spray and Focus dan Spray and Wait. Perancangan sistem simulasi terbagi menjadi dua cluster yaitu cluster dengan kecepatan 90 km/jam dan cluster dengan kecepatan 65 km/jam. Kinerja algoritma routing ini disimulasikan menggunakan ONE Simulator. Performansi dievaluasi dengan average latency dan Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). Observasi yang dilakukan menunjukkan hasil bahwa Spray and Focus memiliki performa yang lebih baik dalam PDR dibandingkan Spray and Wait, tetapi Spray and Focus memiliki performa average latency yang lebih besar dibandingkan Spray and Wait*****DTN is wirelees network where nodes communicate cannot be determined Time or it can be said that the relationship between nodes rare. Unlike conventional network Mobile Ad hoc network (MANET), the end-to-end between the source with destination node will only is ready in a short Time and are not predictable. The node on the DTN can be a source node, intermediate nodes or destination node, consisting of Mobile node and static nodes connected with high delay. In this research will be discussed about VDTN performance using Spray and focus and Spray and wait routing protocol. The design of the simulation system is divided into two Cluster, Cluster’s speed 90 km/h and Cluster’s Speed 65 km/h. Based on observation, the resulting Spray and focus routing algorithm improve performance packet delivery ratio (PDR) than Spray and wait routing algorithm, but Spray and wait have better Avarage Latency than Spray and focus routing algorithm.
Diagnostic role of hysteroscopy in abnormal uterine bleeding: a comparative study of hysteroscopy findings with histopathology from Mysore, South India
Authors: Shivanagappa Mamatha , Veerabhadrappa Vinutha K. , Mahesh Madhumitha
Published: January 2019

Background: Dilatation and curettage has long been the diagnostic gold standard for abnormal uterine bleeding. However, even a trained gynecological curettes at best 70-80% of the endometrium. Hysteroscopy is gaining acceptability over other diagnostic technique like dilatation and curettage, hysterosalpingogram and ultrasound. The objective of this study is to find out the role of hysteroscopy in abnormal uterine bleeding and to compare hysteroscopy findings with histopathology.Methods: Fifty patients in perimenopausal age group with abnormal uterine bleeding attending JSS Medical College and Hospital Mysore, during the period 1999-2001 were studied by diagnostic hysteroscopy followed by dilatation and curettage.Results: Mean age of the study group was 44.3% years (±2.5 SD). Menorrhagia was the commonest symptom and was found in 68% of the patients. Diagnostic hysteroscopy identified 23 cases as Normal endometrium, 16 cases as endometrial hyperplasia, 3 cases as atrophic endometrium, 4 cases as endometrial polyp, 4 cases as fibroids. Compared with histopathological findings as definitive diagnosis, hysteroscopy correctly picked up 19 cases of (86.9%), normal endometrium, 12 cases of hyperplasia (75%), 3 cases of atrophic endometrium (100%), 4 cases of polyps (100%), and 4 cases of fibroid (100%).Conclusions: Hysteroscopy should be considered as a basic and essential diagnostic procedure in the diagnostic work up of abnormal uterine bleeding.
Usefulness of fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of causes of lymphadenopathy in children
Authors: Kondapalli Chandra Sekhar , Mandali Goutham
Published: January 2019

Background: The present study was conducted to study the causes of lymphadenopathy, associated clinical findings, usefulness of FNAC in diagnosis of various causes of lymphadenopathy as lymph node biopsy is a difficult and invasive procedure in children attending pediatric department.Methods: A study was done at Katuri medical college and hospital. A total of 50 patients with lymphadenopathy including both local and generalized were studied for a period of 2 years by taking proper history, through physical examination both generalized and systemic and all the patients were subjected for relevant investigations for establishment of diagnosis which is essential for institution of proper treatment. A prospective study consisting 50 patients with lymphadenopathy (<12year) is undertaken to find the incidence of various causes of lymphadenopathy in the affected patients for 2 year.Results: It was observed that 10, 17 and 23 children were having lymphadenopathy in the age groups of 0-3-year, 4-8 year and 9-12 year respectively. Majority of patients were having lymphadenopathy only after 4 year of age, male 28 and female 22. The major symptoms in order of incidence were palpable swelling, fever, cough, weight loss, loss of appetite and sore throat. Duration of lymphadenopathy of less than 1 month was seen in 25 cases ,1-6 months 24 cases and more than 6 months in 1 case. Enlargement of lymph nodes in cervical region, was the major finding in these patients. 47 cases were having local lymphadenopathy mainly in the cervical region and 3 cases were having generalized lymphadenopathy. 80% of the patients were having firm lymph nodes, remaining 20% of the patients were having soft lymphadenopathy. 36 patients were having mobile lymph nodes while 14 patients were having matted lymph nodes. Tenderness was observed in 21 cases against absence of tenderness in 29 cases. Analysis of the FNAC results revealed positive for tuberculosis in 11 cases reactive hyperplasia in 26 cases, granulomatous changes seen in 4 cases and suppurative lymphadenitis in 6 cases.Conclusions: In developing countries like India whenever a patient attends the Department of Paediatrics with lymphadenopathy it is always be prudent to exclude tuberculosis, which is quite prevalent. FNAC is helpful in those with benign conditions like reactive hyperplasia to rule out underlying serious systemic diseases and reassuring the parents.
Marusjas Strebergarten: alemán para extranjeros o la desestabilización de la lengua en el teatro de Nino Haratischwili
Authors: Hornos Weisz Leticia Iael
Published: January 2019

En Die Barbaren. Monolog für eine Ausländerin, la dramaturga y escritora alemana nacida en Tblisi, Nino Haratischwili (1983), tematiza la tensión intercultural entre nativos, migrantes y refugiados en el seno de la sociedad alemana actual y construye un monólogo que puede ser leído como una crítica a las políticas de integración por medio del aprendizaje de la lengua extranjera. A través de la dicción barbarizante (Hamed, 2016) de una extranjera, la obra va a representar las tensiones y disputas simbólicas en el actual espacio social europeo. La voz monologante intenta socavar la jerarquía semántica de la lengua por medio del glosado del habla del otro, de acuerdo a lo que Jacqueline Authier-Revuz (2011) denomina heterogeneidad discursiva. Este procedimiento, propio del escenario configurado por el teatro posdramático (Lehmann, 1999), opera junto a otros mecanismos discursivos tales como la exhibición de los significantes como objetos y una persistente reflexión paródica articulada por el recurso del como si. Mediante el análisis de estas formas de desestabilización de la lengua, propongo hacer visible un lugar de enunciación disidente que proyecta más allá del espacio escénico la contienda del sujeto migrante con la trama discursiva de las lenguas centrales.
A representação de mulheres negras na literatura afro-brasileira: Uma leitura de “A escrava”, de Maria Firmina dos Reis e “Minha mãe”, de Luis Gama
Authors: Bernardes Tatiana Valentim Mina , Dos Santos Zâmbia Osório , Debus Eliane Santana Dias
Published: January 2019

Este artigo busca estudar a literatura afro-brasileira produzida no século XIX, em particular o conto “A escrava”, de Maria Firmina dos Reis, e o poema “Minha mãe”, de Luís Gama, verificando como ambos os textos, publicados em 1859, embora em gênero distintos, tematizam e representam a mulher negra. Ao adentrarmos nessa discussão, algumas considerações se fazem importantes no que diz respeito ao conceito de literatura afro-brasileira e, para isso, apoiamo-nos no referencial teórico de Eduardo Assis Duarte (2010, 2011). As representações de mulheres negras em “A escrava” e “Minha mãe”, Joana e a mãe do escritor Luís Gama, frutos de uma escrita afro-brasileira, são construídas pelas vivências desses escritores, que desafiam a lógica das representações que circulavam pela sociedade da época acerca da população negra, desafio esse que produz narrativas necessárias em nossa sociedade, onde construções sociais baseadas no racismo se mantém de forma estrutural, por isso também a importância dessa discussão nos espaços escolares.
Quais clássicos? Um cânone para a Europa
Authors: Simoni Karine , Antonelli Roberto
Published: January 2019

O artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre o cânone literário europeu com o objetivo de averiguar se há um denominador literário comum entre os países da Europa. Além disso, questiona se esses elementos ditos comuns podem agir para superar a crise política, econômica e social enfrentada por aquele continente. A discussão mostra o resultado de duas pesquisas realizadas em 2007 e 2011 pelo Departamento de Estudos Europeus, Americanos e Interculturais da Universidade La Sapienza de Roma e pelo Centro de Iniciativa Democrática de Professores; pesquisa essa que contou com uma amostra de cerca de 3.000 estudantes universitários e de ensino médio, e cerca de 100 professores universitários de literatura. Algumas das questões que nortearam a pesquisa foram: O que cada país entende por “literatura europeia”? Quais  autores e obras a representam? Esses autores e obras podem formar um “cânone” da “literatura européia” capaz de identificar e propor um denominador comum mínimo e um caminho formativo comum para todos os 28 países que atualmente formam a União Europeia? Em que perspectivas globais, ou de Weltliteratur, é possível imaginar as relações entre a literatura europeia e as literaturas de outros países e continentes?
Para uma gramática brasileira do pensamento de-colonial: de alcunhas inaceitáveis como O País do Carnaval ao Brasil, um país do futuro como manifesto contra o racismo
Authors: Bagno Sandra
Published: January 2019

No debate político e cultural do dia a dia nos deparamos com expressões em que o Brasil acaba sendo definido o país do carnaval, evocando assim ironicamente o romance de estreia, em 1931, de Jorge Amado; ou ainda o país do futuro, aludindo até com sarcasmo ao ensaio publicado por Stefan Zweig em 1941. Contudo, até o sucesso, cada um à sua maneira, das duas obras demonstra que elas colocaramquestões significativas, e hoje reconhecíveis ainda mais se observadas à luz do pensamento decolonial, em uma ótica de autonomia a respeito de categorias e estereótipos de herança europeia. A primeira teoriza a separação, em termos mentais e geográficos, da peculiaridade do Carnaval no Brasil de velhas alcunhas europeias. A segunda, enquanto as catástrofes da Segunda Guerra Mundial estavam demonstrando ao mundo a insensatez, entre outras, das lógicas racistas, celebrava apeculiaridade do paradigma brasileiro, com sua miscigenação racial como pressuposto de uma convivência possível.
Socioeconomic and environmental implications of hydraulic fracturing in Mexico
Authors: Sánchez Cano Julieta Evangelina , Segura Millán-Rivas Karla Elizabeth
Published: January 2019

Over the last years, hydraulic fracturing has been implemented in several countries. It is important to understand the consequences that soil and water modification has over the ecosystems and socioeconomic activity. Fracking in particular has proven to contribute to the increasing environmental and socioeconomic problems, which include climate change, losses in agricultural activity and even health risks. The number of boreholes in places like Mexico has increased, creating negative consequences for the environment and for the communities where these boreholes are located.
Evaluation of Reichert Meissl Values of Butter Produced in Turkey
Authors: Paksoy Nilgün , Kılıç Altun Serap
Published: January 2019

Butter is a high-quality dairy product which has nutritious value and special taste. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the Reichert-Meissl values of the butter samples produced in Turkey. 120 butter samples were collected as study material in 2015. The Reichert-Meissl values of the butter samples were determined in accordance with the Turkish standard (TS1331). The mean Reichert-Meissl values of butter samples were 25.35 ± 6.76. The highest Reichert-Meissl value was 31.11 was and the lowest Reichert-Meissl value was 0.23 in all samples analyzed. When the Reichert-Meissl values of the butter samples were compared with other research results, the average Reichert-Meissl value was in accordance with previous studies. Adequate surveillance programs should be maintained to prevent the impact of food fraud.
THE NATIONALITY MOVEMENT IN GORONTALO
Authors: Al-Rasyid Hamzah Harun , Saprillah Saprillah
Published: January 2019

Religion and nationalism are two terms that are closely related with one another. In Indonesia, the debate about religion and nationalism has narrowed down to two major issues: The first is the integration of religion and nationalism in the form of a religious state. The second is religious accommodation within the country. The Indonesian founding fathers have agreed to choose the accommodation model by making Pancasila as the foundation of the country, whose core is based on the universal values of religion, such as divinity, humanity, unity, deliberation and social justice. This research was conducted in Gorontalo city and applies qualitative method. Data collection was carried out using interview techniques and document studies. Interviews were conducted with informants ranging from religious leaders, historians, and academics. This paper aims to illustrate that the choice to accommodate religion in the country is the right action, given the national movement in Indonesia is based on religious movements. The independence movement in 1942 in Gorontalo was the culmination of the movement of nationalist movement such as Sinar Budi and Islamic-based organizations such as Syarikat Islam (SI), Muhammadiyah, Nahdlatus Sjafiiah, which had been carried out 10-20 years earlier.
THE MAP OF SMA/SMK ISLAMIC EDUCATION TEACHERS’ COMPETENCIES IN CENTRAL JAVA
Authors: Muzayanah Umi , Muawanah Siti , Noviani Nur Laili , Zakiyah Zakiyah , Oetomo Setyo Boedi , Atmanto Nugroho Eko
Published: January 2019

Teachers of Islamic education in Indonesia have some problems. On the one hand, they are required to meet the standards of qualification, competencies, and certification. On the other hand, they have over-working hour due to the imbalance between the number of the teachers and the students. This fact will undoubtedly affect their work quality. The work quality of the teachers can be measured by five kinds of competences: pedagogic, personality, social, professional, and leadership. This research is aimed to measure the five competences of the teachers of Islamic Education in Senior High Schools and Senior Vocational Schools (both SMA and SMK) in Central Java, and it is also to examine the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in teachers’ competences in terms of their status: civil servants (PNS) or not (non-PNS), and certified or not. By using quantitative approach, the research has two important findings. The first, the competency of the Islamic teachers in Central Java is on the medium level which have a score at 2.95 on a scale of 4.00. The pedagogic competence occupies the highest level with 3.25, in contrast the social competence is on the lowest one with 2.9. The second, there is no significant difference in competences between the teachers who are civil servants and those who are not. On the contrary, there is a significant difference in competences between the teachers who are certified and who are not certified yet.
THE URBAN SUFISM, SOCIAL MOVEMENT AND THE ‘SMILING’ ISLAM: A case study of “Hubbun Nabi” Kartasura, Sukoharjo
Authors: Mibtadin Mibtadin
Published: January 2019

The urban sufism movement namely Hubbun Nabi becomes an interesting phenomenon since it emerges in the midst of Islamic-militant religious movement which is symptomatic in Sukoharjo. Hubbun Nabi represents the unity of many denominations whose Islamic understandings are Ahlussunnah wal Jama’ah (Aswaja) of Nahdliyin in Sukoharjo. It carries a moderate religious style. This research portrayed the style of moderate religiosity which is developed by Majlis Dzikir and Sholawat Hubbun Nabi. It was a descriptive-qualitative research. The techniques of collecting data are direct observation on the activities of Majlis Dzikir and Sholawat Hubbun Nabi, in-depth interview to Kyai Abdulloh Faishol, and documentation. Data was analyzed by reducing and displaying data, then drawing conclusion. Data validation was processed through triangulation method and informant review. Sukoharjo is one of the important cities for it has long been the basis of radical and moderate movements. One of the local movements in Sukoharjo whose rapid development was Majlis Dzikir and Sholawat Hubbun Nabi. The core values carried out by Hubbun Nabi movement are moderatism and tolerance, open-mindness, respecting plurality, and anti-fanaticism. Hubbun Nabi has indeed a significant role in the process of de-radicalization of the religious movement through transforming the values into the wider community. Hubbun promotes moderate Islam, the theology of humanity as a form of the “smiling of Islam.”
Ensilability and chemical composition of silages made with different mixtures of noni (Morinda citrifolia L.)
Authors: Sánchez Yoandris Pascual , Betancur-Hurtado Cesar , Botello-León Aroldo , Pérez-Corría Kirenia , Ruiz-Corrales Cristina , Martínez-Aguilar Yordan
Published: January 2019

The ensilability and chemical composition of silages made with different proportions (100:0; 90:10; 80:20; 70:30; 60:40 and 50:50%) of foliage (fresh and pre-wilted) and noni fruit (fresh) was evaluated. Some fermentative patterns of the original forages and the chemical content of the silages were determined. Correlations between the parameters of quality, chemical composition and the fruit levels in the mixture were made and adjusted the same one to polynomial equations. A higher inclusion of fruits with both fresh and pre-wilted foliage of noni decreases the pH and NH3-N Nt-1 in the silage. In addition, the increase in the level of fruit increased the concentration of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and the ratio of WSC/PC. Moreover, the pre-wilted foliage increased the dry matter (DM) content and its combination with fruit levels between 30 to 40% decreased the fibrous compounds and crude protein (CP) concentration in the silage. According to a cubic model used, the pre-wilted foliage and fruit proportions showed a higher R2 for DM, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent-lignin (ADL) and cellulose, while CP and hemicelluloses were higher in the fresh plant material. The results showed that the pre-withered process (foliage) and inclusion levels of 30 and 40% of fruits in the mixture improved the quality of the silage intended for animals.
Evaluación de tres alternativas para el control de varroasis (Varroa destructor) en apiarios ecuatorianos
Authors: Díaz-Monroy Byron , Moyón-Moyón Juan , Baquero-Tapia María Fernanda
Published: January 2019

En Chimborazo, Ecuador, se evaluó tres tratamientos para el control de Varroasis (Varroa destructor) en abejas, T1: Ácido Fórmico (al 85%), T2: Ácido Oxálico (al 10% en jarabe de azúcar), T3: Timol (al 99% diluido en aceite de oliva), y un tratamiento control (T0), con un diseño completamente al azar y cuatro réplicas (colmenas) por cada tratamiento, durante 30 días de aplicación de los tratamientos sobre las colmenas tipo Langstroth. Se realizó un estudio diagnóstico inicial para determinar el nivel de infestación con varroasis y seleccionar las 16 colmenas con igual nivel de infestación, luego se aplicó los tratamientos, así el ácido fórmico se aplicó dos veces, una cada 15 días con un rociador, el ácido oxálico se aplicó cuatro veces, una cada 4 días en solución azucarada, el timol se aplicó dos veces, una cada 8 días con rociador y diluido en aceite de oliva. Se determinó una mejor eficacia (95,1%) en el control de varroasis con el Ácido fórmico, sin afectar la población de abejas, tanto por el modo de acción selectivo del producto en la fase reproductiva y forética de las varroas, como por su largo periodo de acción, además de su bajo costo (8,2 dólares/colmena), por lo que se recomienda utilizar este producto para el control de Varroa destructor en Apis mellifera.
Ambigüedad de la imagen: la dimensión pulsional en El diablo en el ojo de Jesús Gardea
Authors: Samperio Jiménez Daniel
Published: January 2019

Conforme Jesús Gardea fue desarrollando su narrativa, la imagen poética se convirtió en uno de sus principales recursos estilísticos como en la novela El diablo en el ojo (1989). Su impronta en la narración revela una zona de ambigüedad tras la que asoma una dimensión de pulsiones en la historia. Este artículo analiza cómo se expresa estilísticamente esta dimensión en dos pasajes iniciales de la novela, entendida desde las nociones de Freud (pulsiones de vida y muerte), con el objetivo de indagar en el carácter ambiguo de la imagen y la visión de mundo que proyecta. Antes de ello, se repara en la complejidad del lenguaje y modo de narrar por medio de imágenes (desarrollo metafórico) de Gardea a partir de una revisión necesaria de su concepción de la escritura.