bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selection of Squadron Main Base Air Force Fighters Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process Method
Authors: Pradhypta Aura , Bhakti Marshal , Riano Gagat , Ismoyo Bambang
Published: April 2024

Determining a location where facilities will be built is one of the important factors in both business and military planning processes. Indonesia, as a country with a large area, has problems in determining the right location to place its fighter squadrons in the national defense system. This study used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to solve the problem. There are five criteria considered in this study, there are deterrence strategy, balance strategy, aviation support facility, base support facility and environment. The study is aimed at obtaining six of the 10 Air Force air bases eligible for deployment of fighter squadrons. The six selected candidates were “C” (15.17%), “A” (15.16%), “F” (12.25%), “B” (12.16%), “E” (10.09%) and “D” (10.07%).
Development and Evaluation of a Vision Inspection System for Plastic Bottle Measurement
Authors: Zhou Jiwei , Hartman Nathan W.
Published: April 2024

To quickly adapt to the fast-changing conditions in the modern markets and the global economy, manufacturers are adopting digital manufacturing methods and tools, instead of traditional paper-based processes, to release higher quality products more quickly and at a lower cost. The pharmaceutical industry has a high production standard in the world. Delivering a defective product (or package) can lead to customer complaints and may even result in the entire product series being returned in severe cases. To reach out to the tiny space of products and achieve a high pharmaceutical product dimensional standard, manufacturers must introduce commercial vision inspection systems for the quality inspection process. However, conventional commercial inspection systems are often of a high cost, thus making them unaffordable for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), particularly in developing countries. This paper proposes a cost-effective vision inspection system that intelligently measures critical plastic bottle dimensions. The system comprises three 4K industrial cameras, two LED lights, a customized measurement platform, and a laptop, making it more affordable for MSMEs. Under the appropriate illumination setting, a plastic bottle is positioned on the stage and viewed by the laptop screen in real-time. The middle camera captures the bottle image, followed by a series of image processing operations to obtain the region of interest (ROI), such as the snap cap radius and height. Then, extract the target bottle edges with the Canny edge detector. Lastly, the system calculates the pixel-based distance and converts it to the measurement results for records or decision-making. The proposed method demonstrates reliable dimensional detection abilities, offering a potential solution to reduce human workload and improve inspection productivity in measuring pharmaceutical bottles.
Biosynthesis and Characterization of Edible Films from Kepok Banana Peel Starch with a Combination of Glycerol-Sorbitol Plasticizer
Authors: Lutviyani Alvina , Sedyadi Endaruji , Indrajati Ihda Novia
Published: April 2024

Research on making edible films from kepok banana peels with glycerol-sorbitol plasticizer aims to analyze the mechanical properties and functional groups of edible films from kepok banana peels with a comparison of the concentration of the plasticizer combination of glycerol-sorbitol. This research consisted of 3 stages, namely making kepok banana peel starch, making edible films, and characterizing kepok banana peel starch and edible films. The yield of kepok banana peel starch obtained was 11.94%. Edible film production was carried out with variations in the glycerol-sorbitol concentration ratio of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 on a basis of 40% (w/w) of total starch weight. Functional group analysis of kepok banana peel starch and edible film was carried out with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Testing the characteristics of the edible film includes thickness, tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus. The results showed that edible film was successfully made with mechanical properties that tended to comply with the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) 1975 on the parameters of thickness, tensile strength, and young's modulus.
Adequate cardiorespiratory fitness during pregnancy for a better quality of childbirth
Authors: Jannah Roikhatul , Utomo Budi , Abida Liza Laela , Kholifah Bimo , Syafiq Ahmad , Wahyuddin Wahyuddin , Sativani Zahra
Published: April 2024

Inadequate Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) during childbirth can lead to potential problems, including preterm birth, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, pain and discomfort during pregnancy, cesarean birth, and postpartum weight gain. This study aimed to assess the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness during pregnancy and the quality of childbirth. An observational analytic study with a prospective cohort design was conducted among 52 pregnant women in their third trimester of gestation. Respondents were selected based on the purposive sampling technique. The variables - cardiorespiratory fitness, indicated by VO2max value, and the quality of childbirth - were respectively measured using the six-minute walk test and the Quality Childbirth Questionnaire, modified from the Pregnancy and Childbirth Outcome Set (PCB), the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ), and the Birth Satisfaction Scale (BSS), which were declared valid and reliable. Data analysis used descriptive and bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test with a Risk Ratio (RR). The results showed a p-value of less than 0.001, confirming the hypothesis. There is a meaningful link between high VO2 max scores and improved childbirth experiences, with a RR of 6.882 at a 95% confidence interval. This suggests that pregnant women with better cardiorespiratory fitness are 6.882 times less likely to have an adverse labor and delivery outcome. Improving cardiorespiratory fitness through strategic antenatal physical activity with aerobic exercises is recommended to gain a positive childbirth experience.
Transrectal versus transperineal prostate biopsy for cancer detection in patients with gray-zone prostate-specific antigen: a multicenter, real-world study
Authors: Liu Jun-Xiao , Wang Ze-Yuan , Niu Shao-Xi , Sai Xiao-Yong , Zhang Xu , Zhang Xue-Pei , Ma Xin
Published: April 2024

Knowledge about the effect of different prostate biopsy approaches on the prostate cancer detection rate (CDR) in patients with gray-zone prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is limited. We performed this study to compare the CDR among patients who underwent different biopsy approaches and had rising PSA levels in the gray zone. Two hundred and twenty-two patients who underwent transrectal prostate biopsy (TRB) and 216 patients who underwent transperineal prostate biopsy (TPB) between June 2016 and September 2022 were reviewed in this study. In addition, 110 patients who received additional targeted biopsies following the systematic TPB were identified. Clinical parameters, including age, PSA derivative, prostate volume (PV), and needle core count, were recorded. The data were fitted via propensity score matching (PSM), adjusting for potential confounders. TPB outperformed TRB in terms of the CDR (49.6% vs 28.3%, P = 0.001). The clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) detection rate was not significantly different between TPB and TRB (78.6% vs 68.8%, P = 0.306). In stratified analysis, TPB outperformed TRB in CDR when the age of patients was 65–75 years (59.0% vs 22.0%, P < 0.001), when PV was 25.00–50.00 ml (63.2% vs 28.3%, P < 0.001), and when needle core count was no more than 12 (58.5% vs 31.5%, P = 0.005). The CDR (P = 0.712) and detection rate of csPCa (P = 0.993) did not significantly differ among the systematic, targeted, and combined biopsies. TPB outperformed TRB in CDR for patients with gray-zone PSA. Moreover, performing target biopsy after systematic TPB provided no additional benefits in CDR.
Infections in Pregnancy
Authors: Singhal Tanu
Published: April 2024

Infections in pregnant women tend to be more severe and pose unique treatment challenges. After all, the well-being of two individuals is at stake. Screening all pregnant women in early pregnancy for bacteriuria is recommended. Pyelonephritis and puerperal sepsis should be managed aggressively with appropriate empiric antibiotic choices. Increasing resistance in Enterobacterales is the complicating treatment of both these illnesses in the Indian setting. Influenza can lead to serious maternal and fetal outcomes; early empiric antiviral therapy and universal maternal vaccination are important. Dengue is an important cause of fever in pregnant women and can complicate vaginal and operative delivery due to thrombocytopenia. Falciparum malaria can now be treated with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in all trimesters. The drug of choice for scrub typhus is azithromycin; a combination of doxycycline and azithromycin can be considered in very severe disease. Treatment of both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis in pregnancy is similar to the nonpregnant. Safety data relating to bedaquiline and delamanid from animal models and cohort studies are reassuring.
Televital signs monitoring compliance trial in Singapore
Authors: Tan Jit Seng , Teo Shing Yuen
Published: April 2024

Background and Objectives:

The Singapore population is aging rapidly, with increased prevalence of chronic diseases and healthcare demand. Telemonitoring of vital signs will enable better care of the patient. However, daily monitoring requires a change in lifestyle and compliance may be an issue.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 18 patients in 4 demographics were identified. Telemonitoring equipment was deployed to them for 3 months.

Results:

After 3 months, the well individual did not use the monitoring devices. 50% of the patients with chronic medical disease <65 years old continued the use of the devices. 2 out of 7 activities of daily living (ADL) independent individuals >65 years old continued the daily monitoring and almost all (5 out of 6) ADL dependent patients continued daily routine monitoring. The dropout may be due to technical issues, user fatigue, change in caregiver or resistance to technology.

Conclusions:

Remote monitoring will be more successful if the individual already is doing routine self-monitoring or has a life-threatening health-related event. Technical support is also important to help retrain the person in using the devices and for troubleshooting.
Delivering personalized dietary advice for health management and disease prevention
Authors: Gardner Steve , Pawlowski Marcin , Møller Gert Lykke , Jensen Claus Erik
Published: April 2024

Background and Objectives:

Diet plays a huge role in health, both by increasing metabolic disease risks and acutely through adverse interactions with diseases and medications. Multimorbid and polypharmaceutical patients are at a particularly high risk of such interactions due to the number of drugs they take. This leads to avoidable hospitalizations and poor compliance. This study built and demonstrated a tool that provides personalized dietary advice that accounts for a patient’s combination of disease and drugs in real-time on their mobile device.

Methods:

A comprehensive list of validated drug-disease-food interactions from several reputable sources was constructed. This was compiled into a knowledge graph using the RACE array logic platform. This interactions knowledge graph was used to power a personalized dietary advisor application on a mobile device.

Results:

Data from over 500,000 drug-disease-food interactions including 1,699 food ingredients and 9,526 disease interactions were compiled into a highly compressed knowledge model. This was used to inform recommendations for individual complex patients. It was also tested on virtual population of 10,000 multimorbid and polypharmaceutical patients.

Conclusions:

This study showed that digital health tools can provide highly contextual and adaptive responses from a single knowledge graph. The study showed it is possible to provide highly personalized health advice to complex patients in real-time on their own mobile device without having to hold such private information on a server. This enables highly secure, private and personalized digital health tools to be built.
A review of the development of intelligent delineation of radiotherapy contouring
Authors: Ren Ran , Chen Guangpeng , Yang Fan , Cui Tianxiang , Zhong Liangzhi , Zhang Yang , Luo Bangyu , Zhao Lirong , Qian Jindong , Sun Jianguo
Published: April 2024

To date, the manual segmentation in radiotherapy contouring is featured with time- and effort-consuming and low efficiency. Therefore, it is imperative to develop novel technology to improve the precision and repeatability about the segmentation of radiotherapy contouring. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) delineation in tumor targets during radiotherapy has shown up, which contains the methods based on template atlas, image segmentation, and deep learning. Intelligent delineation of radiotherapy makes the automatic delineation of organs at risk possible, saves operators’ time, and reduces the heterogeneity of contouring, which greatly increases the accuracy and quality of the contouring delineation in radiotherapy. All in all, automatic delineation of radiotherapy based on AI is flourishing. Researchers should further learn to build recognized standards and develop mature technologies to fulfill the clinical application in the near future.
Geographic information system-based mapping of air pollution & emergency room visits of patients for acute respiratory symptoms in Delhi, India (March 2018-February 2019)
Authors: Yadav Rashmi , Nagori Aditya , Mukherjee Aparna , Singh Varinder , Lodha Rakesh , Kabra Sushil Kumar , Yadav Geetika , Saini Jitendra Kumar , Singhal Kamal K. , Jat Kana Ram , Madan Karan , George Mohan P. , Mani Kalaivani , Mrigpuri Parul , Kumar Raj , Guleria Randeep , Pandey Ravindra Mohan , Sarin Rohit , Dhaliwal Rupinder Singh
Published: April 2024

Background & objectives:

Studies assessing the spatial and temporal association of ambient air pollution with emergency room visits of patients having acute respiratory symptoms in Delhi are lacking. Therefore, the present study explored the relationship between spatio-temporal variation of particulate matter (PM)2.5 concentrations and air quality index (AQI) with emergency room (ER) visits of patients having acute respiratory symptoms in Delhi using the geographic information system (GIS) approach.

Methods:

The daily number of ER visits of patients having acute respiratory symptoms (less than or equal to two weeks) was recorded from the ER of four hospitals of Delhi from March 2018 to February 2019. Daily outdoor PM2.5 concentrations and air quality index (AQI) were obtained from the Delhi Pollution Control Committee. Spatial distribution of patients with acute respiratory symptoms visiting ER, PM2.5 concentrations and AQI were mapped for three seasons of Delhi using ArcGIS software.

Results:

Of the 70,594 patients screened from ER, 18,063 eligible patients were enrolled in the study. Winter days had poor AQI compared to moderate and satisfactory AQI during summer and monsoon days, respectively. None of the days reported good AQI (<50). During winters, an increase in acute respiratory ER visits of patients was associated with higher PM2.5 concentrations in the highly polluted northwest region of Delhi. In contrast, a lower number of acute respiratory ER visits of patients were seen from the ‘moderately polluted’ south-west region of Delhi with relatively lower PM2.5 concentrations.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Acute respiratory ER visits of patients were related to regional PM2.5 concentrations and AQI that differed during the three seasons of Delhi. The present study provides support for identifying the hotspots and implementation of focused, intensive decentralized strategies to control ambient air pollution in worst-affected areas, in addition to the general city-wise strategies.
Retinopathy of prematurity in triplets – Indian twin city ROP study report number 12
Authors: Bhate Manjushree , Agarwal Komal , Rani Padmaja Kumari , Belenje Akash , Parmeshwarappa Deepika C , Jalali Subhadra
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate the incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) amongst surviving triplets.

Methods:

Records of preterm babies born to mothers with triplet pregnancies were retrieved from our Indian twin city ROP study database between 1 Jan 2000 and 31 Dec 2020 and analyzed.

Results:

253 surviving triplet babies born to 108 mothers were evaluated. 48 out of 108 (44%) mothers received treatment for infertility. Data was available and analyzed for 242 babies (484 eyes). Mean gestational age was 31.76 ± 3.74 weeks (26- 38 weeks). The mean birth weight was 1.44 ± 0.37 kg (0.57–2.76 kg). At the first screening, incomplete vascularization was noted in 67% (131 babies;322 eyes) of which ROP was diagnosed in 14% (28 babies; 56 eyes). Among them, only 18 babies (53%) were the smallest birth weight babies in each of the triplet sets. Treatment with laser or bevacizumab was performed in 14 babies (5.8%), one eye of one baby additionally needed vitreoretinal surgical intervention. Good anatomical outcomes in terms of regression of ROP without sequelae were achieved in all babies.

Conclusion:

The present study reveals low incidence and favorable outcomes of ROP in triplet pregnancies in a large cohort of babies from a middle-income country. Our cohort did not show any difference in the treatment-requiring ROP among the larger or smaller birth weight babies of the same gestational age. In multiple pregnancies, gestational age remains a critical factor for ROP development; however, this does not necessitate modifying screening or treatment criteria in such triplet pregnancies.
Vitamin D and tear fluid cytokines in predicting outcomes in viral conjunctivitis - A new outlook
Authors: Kundu Gairik , Shetty Rohit , Modak Durgalaxmi , Koul Ameeta , Balaraj Srihari , Nagaraja Harsha , Sethu Swaminathan
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

To determine the association between systemic vitamin D (VD) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels with severity and ocular surface inflammatory profile in patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC).

Methods:

210 eyes of 105 patients who were clinically diagnosed with EKC were included in the study. The levels of serum VD and serum IgE were measured. Schirmer’s strip-based tear fluid (TF) was used to determine levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNFα, MMP9, sICAM1, and VEGF-A in a subset of patients.

Results:

Levels of VD were significantly (P < 0.05) lower and levels of IgE were significantly higher in patients with severe forms of conjunctivitis compared to those with nonsevere forms. Majority of the patients with severe forms of the disease exhibited VD deficiency and/or abnormally high IgE. A negative correlation (r = –0.682; P < 0.0001) was observed between VD and IgE levels. TF levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and sICAM1 were significantly higher in eyes with severe forms of conjunctivitis compared to those with nonsevere forms and controls. These factors showed a positive correlation (P < 0.05) with IgE levels and a negative correlation (P < 0.05) with VD levels.

Conclusion:

Patients with severe forms of EKC exhibited VD deficiency and higher levels of IgE. Increased TF inflammatory factors demonstrated a disease causal relationship with VD and IgE. Hence, restoring the altered levels of VD and IgE to normal range would be pivotal in the prevention and management of severe conjunctivitis.
Central and peripheral contrast sensitivity in thyroid eye disease
Authors: Bhattacharjee Kasturi , Rehman Obaidur , Ichhpujani Parul , Venkatraman Vatsalya
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Assessment of central and peripheral contrast sensitivity (CS) in thyroid eye disease (TED) with and without dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON).

Methods:

This cross-sectional study enrolled 33 eyes of 18 treatment-naïve TED patients and 18 age- and sex-matched healthy controls for comparative analysis. A detailed ophthalmic examination included visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure measurement, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and CS testing (central and four peripheral regions) using Spaeth–Richman Contrast Sensitivity test was done.

Results:

The average age of TED patients was 47.17 ± 13.99 years and a female preponderance was noted (66.66%, n = 12). Twenty-five eyes (75.8%) were diagnosed as TED without DON, while eight eyes (24.2%) had DON. Nine eyes (27.2%) were in the active stage of disease and 29 eyes (87.8%) had proptosis. The difference in mean logMAR visual acuities between TED patients and controls was statistically insignificant (P = 0.189), but a significant difference was noted in central and total CS score (P < 0.001, Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test). On CS comparison between DON and non-DON eyes, a significant difference in average scores was noted in central and all peripheral areas (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test). With increasing clinical activity score, a statistically significant reduction was noted in CS in three out of four peripheral regions (Spearman correlation, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Visual function compromise can be detected in TED in the presence of intact VA, by testing CS. Peripheral CS deteriorates with increasing inflammation and in DON. Serial monitoring of both central and peripheral CS may help in diagnosing DON early.
Surgically induced necrotizing scleritis (SINS): Is it a standalone condition or a variant of necrotizing scleritis?
Authors: Magesan Kowsigan , Dutta Majumder Parthopratim , Agarwal Mamta , George Amala E , Nair Vinita , Ganesh Sudha K , Biswas Jyotirmay
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

To report the clinical pattern of surgically induced necrotizing scleritis (SINS) in a tertiary eye care center in Southern India.

Methods:

Retrospective analysis of all SINS cases visiting the uveitis clinic of a tertiary eye institute between January 2009 and April 2019.

Results:

In total, 15 patients with a median age of 65 (IQR: 52–70) years were included in the study. Male (53%) predominance was noted, and SINS was unilateral (100%) in all cases. Most (87%) of the patients developed SINS after a single surgical procedure, with a median onset period of 251 (IQR: 127–1095) days. None of these patients had any evidence of systemic association. Ocular hypertension (n = 3, 20%), and cataract (n = 5, 33%) were the most common complications. When compared with a cohort of patients with idiopathic necrotizing scleritis, the index study did not find any statistically significant difference between SINS and idiopathic scleritis.

Conclusion:

SINS is idiopathic necrotizing scleritis rather than an independent entity of scleritis.
Effective cataract surgical coverage in India: Evidence from 31 districts
Authors: Gupta Vivek , Vashist Praveen , Sarath S , Gupta Noopur , Senjam Suraj Singh , Shukla Pallavi , Grover Sumit , Shamanna B R , Vemparala Rajshekhar , Wadhwani Meenakshi , Bhardwaj Amit , Gupta Promila , Titiyal Jeewan S
Published: April 2024

Background:

Effective Cataract Surgical Coverage (eCSC) is a core outcomes domain indicator to assess accessibility and quality of eye care services with limited available information.

Purpose:

To generate baseline estimates of eCSC for India.

Methods:

We performed the analysis of data pooled from Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness surveys conducted in 31 districts of India during 2015-2019 among persons aged 50+ years. eCSC was calculated at various thresholds, the primary being operable cataract at best corrected visual acuity <6/12, good outcome at presenting visual acuity of 6/12.

Results:

Age-sex standardized and weighed eCSC in India was 36.7% (95% CI: 33.6, 39.9), and cataract surgical coverage (CSC) was 57.3% (95% CI: 53.3, 61.2), a relative quality gap in cataract surgery being 36.0%. eCSC in males was higher at 38.0% than females (35.6%). eCSC increased with education from 31.0% in illiterate participants to 59.7% in class 10 educated. On multivariate analysis, rural setting, increasing age, and residence in eastern or northeastern zones of India continued to be associated with poor/worse eCSC, while female gender was associated with higher eCSC. District-wide variations in eCSC were observed.

Conclusion:

Developmental factors have an important bearing on eCSC in India. Geographical variations point toward the need for targeted, locally relevant strategies.
Understanding the relationship between pachychoroid spectrum disorders and retinitis pigmentosa: A review of the evidence
Authors: Chavan Kasturi , Chhablani Jay , Jalali Subhadra , Padhy Srikanta Kumar
Published: April 2024

This study aims to investigate the relationship between pachychoroid spectrum disorders and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) or rod-cone dystrophy through a comprehensive literature review. The purpose is to explore the association between these disorders, understand their underlying mechanisms, and summarize the existing hypotheses and opinions. A thorough review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, focusing on articles related to central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), RP, pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, pachychoroid neovasculopathy, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, focal choroidal excavation, peripapillary pachychoroid neovasculopathy, and peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy. Relevant studies were selected for a detailed narrative review and analysis. Several studies have reported the coexistence of CSC and RP, indicating a potential association between the two conditions. The dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium is proposed as a common factor. Choroidal thinning is observed in RP, but conflicting results exist regarding choroidal thickness (CT). While some studies support choroidal thinning in RP, others suggest preserved or increased thickness. Additionally, cases of pachychoroid neovasculopathy and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in RP have been reported, suggesting an overlap between these conditions. The literature suggests conflicting reports on CT changes in RP. Future research should focus on large-scale studies using comprehensive imaging techniques, genetic analysis, and long-term follow-up to uncover the underlying mechanisms and determine the prevalence of pachychoroid spectrum disorders in RP patients.
Universal slit-lamp mounted indentation gonioscopy tool for angle evaluation: An innovative device
Authors: Bhirud Atul , Tripathi Anchal , Agarwal Mohini , Mishra Avinash
Published: April 2024

In the field of ophthalmology, slit-lamp gonioscopy has long been a cornerstone for examining anterior chamber angles and diagnosing conditions such as angle closure, secondary causes of raised intraocular pressure, neovascularization of angle, angle recession, angle tumors, and foreign bodies. However, the conventional approach for goniophotography is a demanding procedure requiring juggling a gonioscopy lens in one hand and a smartphone in the other. Balancing a gonioscopy lens with one hand makes it difficult to adjust and focus the image in busy clinical settings. This article introduces a groundbreaking solution to this problem – a universal slit-lamp–mounted gonioscope ingeniously repurposed from discarded materials, that is, indirect goniophotography (IndiGo). This novel system simplifies the process of both gonioscopy and goniophotography, allowing ophthalmologists to easily assess anterior chamber angles and capture high-quality images. These images can be swiftly shared with glaucoma specialists worldwide for digital analysis. Not only does this approach enhance examination efficiency, but also it fosters sustainability in ophthalmic diagnostics.
Understanding the treatment paradigm and the sequencing of antiglaucoma fixed-dose combinations in a tertiary center in South India
Authors: George Ronnie , Mishra Praggya , Shantha Balekudaru , Vijaya Lingam , Maksane Nitin , Gurha Neha
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

To analyze the medical management of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT) and the placement of fixed-drug combination drugs (FDC) in the treatment paradigm at a tertiary eye care center in South India.

Methods:

Retrospective study (January 2011–December 2015) of newly diagnosed POAG and OHT patients (≥18 years) with ≥5 years follow-up. Primary outcome included percentage use of different antiglaucoma drugs (at initiation) and FDCs at the first, second, and third progression (sequencing). Secondary outcomes: Percentage discontinuation for different FDCs, efficacy parameters (decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP)/visual field), adverse events, and the median number of antiglaucoma medications (AGMs) after 5 years.

Results:

Three hundred and seventy eyes (198 patients) were analyzed; 84% of them had POAG. Prostaglandin analogs (PGAs) were the most common (66.2%). FDCs were started in 48 eyes (12.9%), with brimonidine + timolol combination being the most common. FDC usage at subsequent modifications was 10.1%, 24.04%, and 30.0%. Beta-blockers and PGAs were the most frequently prescribed AGMs in our practice pattern, with β-blockers being the most consistent one.

Conclusion:

This study is a fairly large study with a minimum of a 5-year follow-up of patients with POAG and OHT and gives insights into the treatment patterns, use of FDCs, and the need for multiple medications over time.
Comparison of Performance of Children from Chennai with Norms of Motor-free Visual Perception Test-4: A Comparative Study
Authors: Deepak Vignesh Raj. S , Ganapathy Sankar. U
Published: April 2024

Background:

Visual perception (VP) plays a vital role across various occupations, such as daily activities, academic performance, and social interaction. Many children are referred to occupational therapy with VP dysfunction, often accompanied by diagnoses such as developmental delay, learning difficulties, or neurological impairments. In India, health-care professionals, particularly occupational therapists, increasingly utilize the motor-free VP test-4 (MVPT-4), a test originally standardized among Western populations, to identify VP difficulties in children. However, studies suggest that using assessments standardized in different cultures may lead to inaccurate evaluations of visual perceptual skills, potentially underestimating or overestimating of these abilities. This underscores the importance of investigating the cultural influence on the visual perceptual abilities of Chennai children by comparing the performance of Chennai children with norms of MVPT-4.

Objectives:

The main purpose of this study was (a) To compare the performance of children from Chennai with norms of MVPT-4 and (b) To identify the influence of gender on MVPT-4.

Study Design:

This study employed a quantitative cross-sectional research design.

Methods:

A total of 150 children, aged 6.0–10.11 years, were selected from the community in Chennai using a convenience sampling approach. Children with good visual foundation skills were administered with MVPT-4.

Results:

Independent t-test revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the performance of children from Chennai and the norms of MVPT-4 in the age groups of 6.0–10.11 years. Notably, the results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between genders on MVPT-4 among Chennai children.

Conclusions:

The study findings indicate that the performance of Chennai children is substantially better than the norms of MVPT-4.
A Review of Lateral Epicondylitis Injection: Drugs Used, Injection Techniques and Guidance Method
Authors: Menon Nitin A.
Published: April 2024

This article aimed to study the most suitable drug for injection, injection techniques and guidance method for treating tennis elbow. The words ‘injection technique’, ‘lateral epicondylitis’ and ‘tennis elbow’ were keyed into PubMed search base, and 145 full-text English language articles were obtained, from which 22 articles were deemed suitable for review based on content and relevance. One article was added from the author’s collection. The eligibility was (a) patients with tennis elbow or lateral epicondylitis, (b) patients who had undergone injection therapy and (c) studies that had done a comparison between two or more agents or two techniques or used comparison between using or not using imaging guidance for injection. It was found that corticosteroid injections in tennis elbow produce a short-term improvement in symptoms, while prolotherapy, autologous blood and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections may show more efficacy in the long term. In terms of technique, peppering seems to be a better alternative to tender point injections. The use of ultrasound guidance does not seem to have any effect on the overall efficacy of the injection treatment. The evidence in this study shows that it is better to use corticosteroids for short-term improvement, whereas bioactive agents like PRP injections may work better in the long term.
Neurogenic Bowel Management in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury – A Narrative Review
Authors: Roy Sankha Subhra , Chabungbam Margaret , Venkataraman Srikumar
Published: April 2024

Neurogenic bowel management in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) is an important issue due to the associated morbidities causing a significant impact on the persons’ quality of life (QOL) and burden the caregiver and healthcare services. Complications such as constipation, diarrhoea, incontinence, social embarrassment and autonomic dysreflexia can be managed effectively and resourcefully to counter the ill effects. In India, the incidence of SCI is 15,000, with a prevalence of 0.15 million; most are educationally and economically underprivileged with substandard living conditions. Complications associated with neurogenic bowel tend to impede the implementation of vocational rehabilitation and community integration measures. The goals of management are to prevent complications and improve the QOL of persons with SCI. With the revolutionary progress in medical science, many pharmacological, non-pharmacological and surgical options have been formulated to satisfactorily and effectively manage the neurogenic bowel. In this narrative review, we have tried to compile some of the most popular and time-tested options for managing neurogenic bowel in persons with SCI.
Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency: A Case Report to Provide Clinical Insight to Improve Healthcare
Authors: Babu Anjana , Badhal Suman , Wadhwa Ranjan Kumar
Published: April 2024

Proximal focal femoral deficiency is an extremely rare congenital anomaly, which may present as isolated lower limb shortening or associated with other syndromes. Early diagnosis of this condition can help the parents and the treating physicians in managing the condition with tailored treatment approach and in improving the quality of life of the patients.
Perceptiveness and Attitude on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Dentistry among Dentists and Non-Dentists - A Regional Survey
Authors: Pringle A. Jebilla , Kumaran V. , Missier Mary Sheloni , Nadar Anthonu Selva Pinky
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging tool in modern medicine and the digital world. AI can help dentists diagnose oral diseases, design treatment plans, monitor patient progress and automate administrative tasks. The aim of this study is to evaluate the perception and attitude on use of artificial intelligence in dentistry for diagnosis and treatment planning among dentists and non-dentists’ population of south Tamil Nadu region in India.

Materials and Methods:

A cross sectional online survey conducted using 20 close ended questionnaire google forms which were circulated among the dentists and non -dentists population of south Tamil Nadu region in India. The data collected from 264 participants (dentists -158, non-dentists -106) within a limited time frame were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis.

Results:

70.9% of dentists are aware of artificial intelligence in dentistry. 40.5% participants were not aware of AI in caries detection but aware of its use in interpretation of radiographs (43.9%) and in planning of orthognathic surgery (42.4%) which are statistically significant P < 0.05.44.7% support clinical experience of a human doctor better than AI diagnosis. Dentists of 54.4% agree to support AI use in dentistry.

Conclusion:

The study concluded AI use in dentistry knowledge is more with dentists and perception of AI in dentistry is optimistic among dentists than non -dentists, majority of participants support AI in dentistry as an adjunct tool to diagnosis and treatment planning.
Psychological Distress and Quality of Life among Head and Neck Cancer Patients after 3- and 6-Months Post-Treatment—A Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Mamatha E , Saka Saritha D. , Mutthineni Durga Chowdary L. , Bhushanam Darji Naga , Teji P Apoorva Venkata , Kala Tejaswi
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Cancers affecting the parts of the head and neck significantly impact patients. Among head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, the visible signs and symptoms of the disease or the side effects of treatment modalities can cause various degrees of functional impairment such as mastication, swallowing, communication, and disfigurement.

Objective:

To assess psychological distress and quality of life in head and neck cancer patients after 3 and 6 months’ post-treatment.

Materials and Methods:

A hospital-based follow-up study was conducted among head and neck cancer patients who came for routine follow-up after treatment in five cancer hospitals in Hyderabad City. Patients were categorized based on the treatment into surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and combination of all and the same subjects were followed; after 3 months, psychological distress and quality of life were assessed by distress thermometer and functional assessment of cancer therapy head and neck (FACT H and N).

Results:

A total of 235 participants were included in the study. Mean age was 58.2 ± 8.7 years. The mean scores of psychological distress at baseline were 4.6 ± 1.2, and after follow-up, it was 3.4 ± 1.2 and the mean scores of quality of life at baseline were 76.4 ± 15.6, and after follow-up, it was 75.5 ± 12.5.

Conclusion:

The mean scores of psychological distress had reduced from baseline to follow-up with negligible improvement in the quality of life.
CBCT Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary First Premolar in Saudi Subpopulation
Authors: Syed Gufaran A. , Pullishery Fawaz , Alhazmi Khalid A. , Nazer Mohammed I. , Alkhamis Ahmed , Meer Fernas M. S. , Halteet Firas A. , Sendiyoni Assil M. I. , Taher Abdulkader O. H.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective:

Clinicians must possess a comprehensive understanding of variations in canal morphology and configuration during endodontic procedures to enhance treatment success. This study aims to assess and analyze the canal configurations of maxillary first premolars using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography within the sub-population of Western Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, following the acquisition of ethical clearance from Batterjee Medical College in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, a retrospective examination of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans of maxillary first premolars in adult patients was conducted. The study focused on quantifying the number of canals and characterizing their configurations, with classification based on Vertucci’s categorization.

Results:

The study examined 399 CBCT images of maxillary first premolars, revealing that type IV canal configurations were the predominant morphology (56.9%), followed by type V (24.6%). Significant gender-related disparities were observed, with females displaying a higher incidence of types I and V canals. At the same time, males exhibited a greater prevalence of types IV and VI canals. Notably, no substantial associations were discerned between canal types and age groups.

Conclusion:

Within the context of maxillary first premolars, type IV canal configuration emerged as the most prevalent. Gender-based distinctions were evident, with females predominantly presenting types I and V canal configurations, whereas males displayed a higher occurrence of types IV and VI canal configurations.
Knowledge, Awareness, and Perception of Dental Stem Cell: A Questionnaire-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Nagappan Nagappan , Cox Shireen , Anitha K. , Karthik R Murali , Aishwarya K. , Gokul S. , Moulvi S. M. M.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The purest and unrestricted source of stem cells is the enamel of the teeth. Dental stem cells (DSCs), which are simple to get, quick to use, and reasonably priced, have the potential to be used in a variety of promising therapeutic applications. Due to their capacity for self-renewal, they are employed to treat significant flaws brought about by diseases, injuries, or surgical procedures. However, they are constrained by moral and ethical issues, as well as challenges with isolation, culturing, and implantation. DSCs are used in the rebuilding of orofacial structures because they retain the ability to differentiate into neurogenic, adipogenic, and odontogenic components. Before stem cell implantation, scaffolding that has been treated with growth hormones and bone morphogenic proteins is crucial. A self-administered questionnaire was used for a cross-sectional study (n = 200) that collected data on demographics, knowledge of stem cells, and attitude statements. Statistical Package for Social Software version 20.0 was used to analyze the data. This study seeks to learn more about professional groups’ perceptions of stem cell research in Tamil Nadu and their knowledge and awareness of DSCs.
Assessment of Remineralization Ability of Different Fluoride Varnishes on Artificial Enamel Lesion of Primary Teeth – A Comparative Study
Authors: Alazmah Abdulfatah
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The current study’s aim was to evaluate the potential of various fluoride varnishes to remineralize artificial enamel lesions on primary teeth.

Materials and Methods:

For the study, 90 deciduous molar teeth that were implicated for extraction were taken. A window region with a size of 3 × 3 mm was located in the middle of the tooth’s coronal surface. The remaining portion was given a coat of nail polish and given time to dry. A demineralizing solution was used to create the artificial enamel lesion. The samples were randomized into three experimental groups at random, with 30 samples in each group. Group 1: Application of Clinpro White Varnish, Group 2: Application of Duraphat Varnish, and Group 3: Application of MI Varnish. After 14 days, samples from each group were examined under scanning electron microscopy at a magnification of 1000× to determine whether remineralization had occurred. Microhardness was also determined using a microhardness tester.

Result:

Before the intervention, the mean demineralized enamel lesion in the Clinpro White Varnish group was 134.44 ± 0.04, in the Duraphat Varnish group was 133.76 ± 0.12, and in the MI Varnish group was 133.89 ± 0.08. After intervention, the maximum remineralized area was found in the MI Varnish group (82.74 ± 0.18) followed by the Clinpro White Varnish group (101.43 ± 0.16) and the Duraphat Varnish group (104.11 ± 0.10). After the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference found between the groups. After the intervention, the maximum microhardness mean value improved in the MI Varnish group (257.03 ± 1.09 to 261.18 ± 1.20) followed by Clinpro White Varnish (258.78 ± 1.64 to 260.10 ± 1.22) and Duraphat Varnish group (255.24 ± 1.51 to 258.02 ± 0.89).

Conclusion:

According to the findings of the current investigation, all of the varnishes utilized in this in vitro experiment are capable of correcting early enamel defects on primary teeth. However, MI Varnish group was very effective compared to the Clinpro White Varnish group and the Duraphat Varnish group.
Enhancing the Adaptation of Single Non-compression Miniplate in the Management of Angle Fractures of the Mandible for Better Surgical Outcome—A Technique Modification
Authors: Venkatachalam Vaishali , Meyappan Alagappan , Pandiarajan Rajesh , Anbukkarasu Harushi , Mohan Kayalvizhi
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The anatomical characteristics and the cortico-cancellous nature of bone disrupted by the presence of teeth make the mandible more vulnerable to fractures during traumatic injuries of the face. Fractures of the angle region constitute about 30% of mandibular fractures due to the change in dentate bone to the lateral flare of ramus, change in grain pattern of the bone, and presence of third molars all weakening the region making it fragile and thus fracture. Several studies corroborated the effectiveness of Champy’s technique as to have the lowest complication rate when compared to the other techniques. Though a well-sequenced procedure, fixing an angle fracture is practically challenging and here we describe our experience, with a modification of the sequence to aid in better surgical outcome.
Survival Rate of Immediate Implants in Periodontally Compromised Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ganapathy Vishnuvarthan , Balaji Anitha , Shanmugam Mohanasatheesh , Farjana Nilofer , Dheraj  , Krishnan Manju
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Immediate implant placement into a fresh extraction socket has been developed as a consistent treatment, allowing for a reduction in the duration of time necessary for prosthetic rehabilitation. The study will evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes of implants placed immediately for a 10-year follow-up period.

Aim:

The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the durability of the immediate implant in periodontally compromised individual placement.

Methods:

Studies reporting clinical and radiologic implant outcomes from periodontally compromised individuals who were treated and followed periodontal and implant maintenance for ≥5 years were considered eligible for the review. Screening of the articles, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate.

Results:

There were 99 papers, and of them, 55 were excluded after title/abstract assessment. The full texts of 28 potentially eligible publications were screened, but only seven studies met the inclusion criteria.

Conclusions:

The study confirms that immediate implant therapy is safe, effective, and predictable for successful osseointegration and long-term functioning in periodontally compromised individuals, with minimal differences in clinical and radiographic outcomes.
Enzymes in Peri-implant Sulcular Fluid: A Window into Periodontal Health – A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kumar Gautham , Natarajan Prabhu M. , Al Shayeb Maher A. F. , Ganesan Anuradha
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Enzymes in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) have emerged as essential biomarkers in the field of periodontics, providing critical insights into the health and stability of dental implants. This essay explores the significance of various enzymes in PISF, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), elastase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), in assessing the local inflammatory environment and diagnosing peri-implant diseases. The analysis of these enzymes facilitates early detection of complications, personalized treatment planning, and long-term monitoring, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to patient care. Collaboration among dental professionals and patient education is crucial in ensuring the successful management and maintenance of dental implants. Understanding the role of enzymes in PISF and their implications in periodontal health underscores their significance in contemporary periodontics and emphasizes the need for ongoing research and technological advancements.