bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pteropine Orthoreovirus, PRV7S (Sikamat Virus) Demonstrates Oncolysis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Lines
Authors: Loh Alson , Shaibie Nur Adania , Chan Po Qhuan , Leong Pooi Pooi , Segeran Sharrada , Tan Boon Keat , Wong Siew Tung , Koh Rhun Yian , Chye Soi Moi , Voon Kenny
Published: April 2022

Background: Oncolytic properties had been demonstrated in Mammalian Orthoreovirus (MRV) and Avian Orthorevirus (ARV). Besides MRV and ARV, Pteropine Orthoreovirus (PRV) is also categorized under the genus Orthoreovirus. PRV7S (Sikamat virus) is an orthoreovirus isolated in Malaysia. Present study aims to investigate the oncolytic effects of PRV7S on ranges of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells through apoptosis in comparison to MRV3. Methods: Non-cancerous nasopharyngeal (NCNP) and NPC cells were infected by PRV7S and MRV3. The effects of PRV7S on the proliferation inhibition and apoptotic activity of NPC cells was examined using MTT assay and flow cytometry. Additionally, western blot assay was performed to analyze the expression of RAS and apoptotic protein. Lastly, qPCR assay was performed to demonstrate that PRV7S and MRV3 replicated in infected-NPC and infected-NCNP cells. Results: The proliferation of NPC cells were significantly inhibited after PRV7S infection in a time dependent manner in comparison to infected-NCPC cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that PRV7S infection was able to induce apoptosis on NPC cells at 48 hpi. Western blot results showed that upon PRV7S infection, N/H/K RAS protein expression was reduced, whereas caspase-3 protein expression increased in NPC cells. qPCR assay showed higher viral load of PRV7S found in infected-NPC compared to infected-NCNP cells. Conclusions: PRV7S inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of NPC cells similar to MRV3. Therefore, PRV7S is a potential oncolytic virus.
National Leadership Mentor Program for School Teachers: Scaffolding Beginner Teacher towards Leading School
Authors: Sharma Divya
Published: April 2022

This policy paper proposes a model for, ‘National Leadership Mentor Program for School Teachers’ on the lines of recommendations of National Education Policy 2020 of India for setting up National Professional Standards for Teachers (NPST) and National Mentoring Mission (NMM). The objective of the paper is to review two documents on National Professional Standards for Teachers & National Mentoring Mission developed by National Council for Teacher Education, India and propose the mentoring model, which integrates the mentoring aims with the career progression targets. The purpose of the model is to develop a system of scaffolding teachers by drawing in from the mentoring pool, prepared specifically for the skill sets and standards of particular level. The methodology adopted is qualitative research with documentary content analysis method. The key finding is that there is a need to integrate NPST with NMM for ensuring excellence in acquiring standards and movement through career progression. The proposed model provides the basis for implementation of NMM at a National Level.
Institute for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples of the North: the history of formation, modern problems and directions of improvement.
Authors: Anisimov Valery , Gryaznova Anastasia , Truntsevsky Yuri
Published: April 2022

Indigenous peoples of the North, who already live in extreme natural and climatic conditions, have been subjected to cultural and industrial expansion for centuries. The authors tried to identify patterns in the history of the development of the institute for the protection of the rights of the indigenous peoples of the North, current problems in this area, new approaches to their solution on the base of historical, normative-legal, organizational-administrative and information-analytical documents of federal and regional authorities, research results, other authors, as well as publications in the mass media. The authors justify the leading role of the bar among the subjects involved in the protection of the rights of the indigenous peoples of the North.
Native language as the most important factor for children’s education in Dagestan (20th—21st centuries)
Authors: Basirova Karina
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this article is to show the importance of Dagestani languages in the modern world, to identify the problems of their development and ways to preserve them. The article deals with the use of Dagestani languages in the multicultural space. Attention is paid to the function of language, which is to preserve cultural values and transmit them from generation to generation. The author analyzes the role of language in the formation of ethnic community, national character, and personality. It is shown that the coexistence of state languages leads to the development of the spiritual community of the peoples of Dagestan. The author is convinced that inattention to the native language can lead to a violation of harmony and regression in society.
Analisi Kurva Kepuasan Sama Ekonomi Mikro
Authors: Aisyah Nuraisyah
Published: April 2022

kurva kepuasan sama adalah suatu kurva yang menggambarkan gabungan barang-barang yang akan memberikan kepuasan yang sama besarnya. Kurva kepuasan sama menggambarkan keinginan konsumen untuk memperoleh barang-barang dan kepuasan yang akan dinikmatinya dari mengkonsumsi barang-barang tersebut. Dalam kenyataannya, konsumen tidak dapat memperoleh semua barang yang diinginkannya, sebab dibatasi oleh pendapatan yang dapat dibelanjakannya.
Boditumi: Skenario Model Bisnis Perawatan Kecantikan untuk Meraih Keunggulan Kompetitif
Authors: Purnomo Agung
Published: April 2022

Studi kasus bisnis mini tentang rintisan wirausaha Boditumi dalam skenario model bisnis (business model) perawatan kecantikan untuk meraih keunggulan kompetitif. Studi kasus bisnis menggunakan pendekatan business model pada kajian canvas, pattern, scenario, environment, evaluation, SWOT, blue ocean strategy & ERRC grid.
aspek permodalan koperasi
Authors: Ahmad Rahmayani
Published: April 2022

Makalah ini berjudul aspek permodalan koperasi, dalam makalah ini penulis berusaha menganalisis secara lebih mendalam terkait dengan modal dan sumber-sumber permodalan bagi koperasi, SKIM kredit program, itu bursa efek/pasar modal sebagai alternative sumber permodalan bagi pembiayaan usaha-usaha koperasi, perbedaan antara saham pada koperasi dan saham pada perseroan terbatas, dan yang terakhir permasalahan pajak penghasilan koperasi. Struktur modal berhubungan dengan beberapa sumber modal yang dapat diperoleh perusahaan untuk membiayai operasinya, perusahaan perlu menetapkan mana yang menjadi pilihan dari penggunaan modal, dalam rangka untuk menciptakan komposisi struktur modal yang akan menguntungkan perusahaan. Menurut Sudana (2011),” Struktur modal yaitu terkait dengan pengeluaran jangka panjang sebuah perusahaan yang diukur dengan rasio utang jangka panjang dengan modal sendiri.
Establishment of Public Health Management Cadre in India and guidelines for implementation - 2022
Authors: Kumar Dr Piyush
Published: April 2022

National Health Policy (NHP) 2017 (Para 11.8) proposed that a multi/interdisciplinary health workforce is necessary for managing programs under National Health Mission. National Health Policy 2017 considered creating Public Health Management Cadre (PHMC) in all States. In the 13th CONFERENCE of CENTRAL COUNCIL OF'HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE (CCHFW), 2019 under the chairpersonship of Hon’ble central Health Minister of India the decision evolved to establish PHMC in all States by year 2022 . The key objective of establishment of PHMC is best utilization of expertise and talent for ensuring health for all. To segregate clinical and public health functions among cadres with flexibilities as per requirement of the state. Four types of structures and frameworks are only suggestive, and the states have flexibility to modify the structures according to the local situation and context. Medical and Health professionals would form a major part, but professionals from diverse backgrounds like sociology, economics, anthropology, hospital management, communications, etc., who have undergone public health management training would also be considered. States could decide to locate public health managers (medical/non-medical) into same or different cadre streams belonging to Directorates of Health. In states like Bihar where there is lack of Directorates of Health the situation is very worse indicated by NITI Aayog Health Index reports. In such states the researcher found that untrained persons are posted on key public health management posts while the public health trained doctors are not posted for public health management. The specialists are not involved in PHM and it may be due to the fact that there is shortage of specialist at country and state levels. The public health cadre is a misnomer if they will also work for clinical treatments and the key goal of PHMC will be affected particularly in states like Bihar. This is the first ever decision at national level for establishing PHMC and the details of pay structure , transparency etc. are not available and although the objectives are quite clear; the PHMC cadre may be affected in states like Bihar where it seems that lack of Directorate and unscrupulous management have grabbed the health system.
ASPEK PERMODALAN KOPERASI
Authors: Ihsan Ahmad
Published: April 2022

Sebagai badan usaha Koperasi sama dengan bentuk badan usaha lainnya, yaitu sama-sama berorientasi laba dan membutuhkan modal. Koperasi sebagai wadah demokrasi ekonomi dan sosial harus menjalankan usahanya. Oleh karena itu kehadiran modal dalam Koperasi ibarat pembuluh darah yang mensuplai darah (modal) bagi kegiatan-kegiatan lainnya dalam Koperasi. Modal dalam koperasi pada dasarnya dipergunakan untuk kesejahteraan anggota dan bukan sekedar mencari keuntungan. jenis modal dalam koperasi simpan pinjam maupun koperasi serba usaha telah di atur dalam UU koperasi no 25 tahun 1992 pasal 41, Sama seperti badan usaha lainnya, untuk mendirikan koperasi juga diperlukan modal. Modal koperasi berasal dari modal sendiri dan modal pinjaman. Skim kredit atau skim pembiayaan telah dijalankan oleh beberapa perbankan yang sebagai bentuk dukungan dari program pemerintah terkait penyediaan kredit untuk UMKM.
Manajemen Koperasi
Authors: Rifaldi Muh
Published: April 2022

Koperasi menurut Undang-undang Nomor 25 tahun 1992 ialah bidang usaha yang beranggotakan orang atau badan hukum koperasi dengan melandaskan kegiatannya berdasarkan prinsip koperasi sekaligus sebagai gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang berdasar atas asas kekeluargaan. Tujuan koperasi yaitu mensejahterakan para anggotanya serta ikut membangun tatanan perekonomian nasional dalam rangka mewujudkan masyarakat yang maju. Koperasi di Indonesia dalam perkembangan nya mengalami pasang dan surut.
The COVID States Project #85: Unvaccinated older Americans
Authors: Lazer David , Uslu Ata , Guo Zhen , Perlis Roy , Quintana Alexi , Baum Matthew , Druckman James , Ognyanova Katherine , Santillana Mauricio , Safarpour Alauna , Urmi Tamanna , Trujillo Kristin Lunz , Qu Hong , Green Jon , Shere Anjuli , Pippert Caroline H
Published: April 2022

In this report, we examine how many older Americans are unvaccinated against COVID-19, and who these unvaccinated individuals are. The risk of hospitalization and death from COVID-19 is far higher for older adults, making vaccination particularly critical in reducing the impact of the pandemic.KEY FINDINGS● 13% of older Americans are completely unvaccinated against COVID-19, while an additional 14% are fully vaccinated but have not received a booster, and 3% report having received a single shot of Moderna or Pfizer.● The CDC data on vaccination rates are clearly significantly flawed, because they indicate that there are more older Americans who have received at least one dose of vaccine than there are older Americans. This is because they attribute the boosters (and perhaps second shots) that many people have received to being first shots, likely due to poor vaccination record linkage for those individuals. As a result, CDC data likely understate how many people are completely unvaccinated and how many people have received boosters, and overstate the number of individuals who have received only a single dose.● The unvaccinated and unboosted are disproportionately less educated, lower-income, rural, and Republican.● The main reasons cited by older Americans for being unvaccinated were worries about side effects and a lack of trust in the process by which the vaccines were developed, similar to concerns we found in an earlier report on the reasons reported by the unvaccinated for their vaccination decision.● In the open-ended responses, many of the vaccinated but unboosted indicated an openness to getting a booster but cited obstacles or a lack of urgency to do so.
KERJASAMA DIBIDANG USAHA ANTAR KOPERASI DAN BUKAN USAHA
Authors: Rifaldi Muh
Published: April 2022

Suatu organisasi baik yang bersifat sosial, politik, maupun ekonomi tentunya tidak bisa berjalan dengan cara sendiri sendiri atau dengan kata lain,perlu bantuan orang atau organisasi lain, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, ada kaitan kegiatan usaha maupun tidak ada kaitan dengan bidang usahanya. Demikian halnya dengan organisasi koperasi yang merupakan kegiatan usaha yang bergerak dibidang ekonomi, maka perlu kerjasama dengan organiasasi lain baik itu organisasi koperasi maupun bukan koperasi, baik berkaitan dengan bidang usaha maupun tidak berkaitan dengan bidang usahanya, dalam rangka meningkatkan kegiatan usahanya. Berkaitan dengan masalah kerjasama koperasi antar koperasi, dan koperasi dengan bidang usaha lainnya telah diatur dalam pasal 58 ayat 1 undang-undang no.25 tahun 1992 tentang pengkoperasian.
MENGANALISIS PASAR DAN PERILAKU KONSUMEN/NASABAH
Authors: Putri Miyati Diana
Published: April 2022

Tujuan pemasaran adalah memenuhi dan melayani kebutuhan dan kemampuan konsumen sasaran. Pasar konsumen dan perilaku pembeli konsumen harus dikembangkan sebelum rencana pemasaran nyata.   Pasar konsumen membeli barang dan jasa untuk konsumsi pribadi, dan ini adalah pasar yang paling akhir dimana kegiatan perekonomian diatur. Istilah pasar banyak diartikan secara beda sesuai dengan sudut pandang penglihatan. Disini, kebutuhan dan keinginan konsumen mengawali kehadiran produk yang dapat memenuhinya.
Permintaan
Authors: paradiba Fadila
Published: April 2022

catatan tugas resume ekonomi mikro
HUBUNGAN DAN PEMBAGIAN KERJA DALAM PENGELOLAAN KOPERASI
Authors: Annisa Nurul
Published: April 2022

Masyarakat merupakan sebuah organisasi yang merupakan kumpulan dari sejumlah individu yang tentunya memiliki visi dan misi yang sama dalam menjalani kehidupan, Sebelum terjun kedalam sebuah masyarakat.
MENGANALISIS PASAR DAN PERILAKU KONSUMEN/NASABAH
Authors: Haya Nur Anni
Published: April 2022

Tujuan pemasaran adalah memenuhi dan melayani kebutuhan dan kemampuan konsumen sasaran. Pasar konsumen dan perilaku pembeli konsumen harus dikembangkan sebeluk konsumsi pribadi, dan ini adalah pasar yang paling akhir dimana kegiatan perekonomian diatur. Istilah pasar banyak diartikan secara beda sesuai dengan sudut pandang penglihatan
Aspek Permodalan Koperasi
Authors: Arief A. Anggie Zabrina
Published: April 2022

Koperasi adalah pemilik sekaligus pengguna jasa koperasi (prinsip identitas ganda) kedudukan anggota sebagai pemilik ditunjukkan kedudukannya sebagai pendiri, pemodal, pengelola, dan pengawas/pengendali perusahaan, sedangkan kedudukan anggota sebagai pelanggan diartikan sebagai pengguna jasa koperasi. Dalam usaha koperasi, pembagian keuntungan yang disebut sisa hasil usaha atas dasar besarnya jasa anggota yang diberikan kepada koperasi tersebut. Modal utama kopersi adalah iuran dari anggotanya yang lazimnya terperinci menjadi simpanan pokok, simpanan wajib, simpanan suka rela dan mungkin adanya donasi para anggota atau pihak lain serta pinjaman-pinjaman dari anggota atau pihak ketiga atau dari perbankan.
Analisis kurva kepuasan sama
Authors: Anwar Khaerul
Published: April 2022

Catatan terkait Analisis kurva kepuasan sama beserta bagian bagian yg terkait.
HUBUNGAN DAN PEMBAGIAN KERJA DALAM PENGELOLAAN KOPERASI
Authors: Resky Andi Sry Aska
Published: April 2022

Koperasi adalah suatu organisasi yang dibentuk oleh sekelompok orang yang saling bekerja sama unuk mencapai kepentingan dan tujuan bersama. Koperasi mempunyai perinsip yaitu anggotanya harus bersifat sukarela dan terbuka bagi semua orang yang ingin menggunakan jasajasanya dan memerima tanggungjawab keanggotaan tanpa membedakan gender, pengawasannya dikelolah oleh anggotanya secara demokratis, partisipasi anggota dalam kegiatan ekonomi.
Aspek Permodalan Koperasi
Authors: SYAHRA AISYAH
Published: April 2022

Modal dalam sebuah organisasi perusahaan termasuk badan koperasi adalah sama, yaitu modal yang digunakan untuk menjalankan usaha. Koperasi merupakan kumpulan dari orangOrang yang mengumpulkan modal untu modal usaha dan setiap orang mempunyai hak yang sama. Modal dalam sebuah organisasi perusahaan termasuk badan koperasi adalah sama, yaitu modal yang digunakan untuk menjalankan usaha. Koperasi merupakan kumpulan dari orangOrang yang mengumpulkan modal untu modal usaha dan setiap orang mempunyai hak yang sama.
Modelling English diphthongs with dynamic articulatory targets
Authors: Xu Anqi , Gerazov Branislav , van Niekerk Daniel , Krug Paul Konstantin , Prom-on Santitham , Birkholz Peter , Xu Yi
Published: April 2022

The nature of English diphthongs has been much disputed. Bynow, the most influential account argues that diphthongs arephoneme entities rather than vowel combinations. However,mixed results have been reported regarding whether the rate offormant transition is the most reliable attribute in the perceptionand production of diphthongs. Here, we used computationalmodelling to explore the underlying forms of diphthongs. Wetested the assumption that diphthongs have dynamicarticulatory targets by training an articulatory synthesiser witha three-dimensional (3D) vocal tract model to learn Englishwords. An automatic phoneme recogniser was constructed toguide the learning of the diphthongs. Listening experiments bynative listeners indicated that the model succeeded in learninghighly intelligible diphthongs, providing support for thedynamic target assumption. The modelling approach paves anew way for validating hypotheses of speech perception andproduction.
Stress recovery with social support: A dyadic stress and support task
Authors: Løseth Guro Engvig , Eikemo Marie , Trøstheim Martin , Meier Isabell M. , Bjørnstad Herman , Asratian Anna , Pazmandi Claudia , Tangen Vegard Wathne , Heilig Markus , Leknes Siri
Published: April 2022

How does social support bolster resilience? Here, we present a new dyadic paradigm to study causal mechanisms of acute and ecologically valid social support in the laboratory. The Dyadic Stress and Support Task (DSST) consists of a psychosocial stress phase and a recovery phase. During DSST stress, a pair of participants take turns to perform public speaking and mental arithmetic in front of a panel. Unable to see or touch each other, they witness each other’s performance and feedback. During DSST recovery, the pair either interact freely with each other for 5 minutes (social support condition) or interact separately with an experimenter (non-support condition). To establish the validity of the DSST, we tested 21 pairs of long-term close friends in a pilot study. Primary outcome measures were ratings of affective state and bodily arousal (VAS scales 0-100). Secondary outcome measures were heart rate and salivary cortisol. DSST stress successfully induced subjective Stress Activation, increased Negative Affect and decreased Positive Affect. We also observed increased heart rate and salivary cortisol. After DSST recovery, Stress Activation and Negative Affect ratings were reduced in both groups. Positive Affect was completely restored to pre-stress baseline levels in the Social support group, while remaining significantly lower in the Non-support group. The DSST successfully induced stress and negative affect and captured stress recovery in both groups. Free-form interaction with the friend enhanced recovery of affective state, supporting the validity of spontaneous interaction between friends as a model of social support.
Does error-driven learning occur in the absence of cues? Examination of the effects of updating connection weights to absent cues
Authors: Nixon Jessie S. , Poelstra Sanne , van Rij Jacolien
Published: April 2022

The Rescorla-Wagner model has seen widespread success in modelling not only its original target of animal learning, but also several areas of human learning. However, despite its success, a number of studies with humans have found effects that are not predicted by the model, thus inspiring proposals for modifications to the model. One such proposal, by Van Hamme and Wasserman (1994, VHW), is that humans not only learn from present cues to all (present and absent) outcomes, as in the original model, but also learn from the absence of cues. They found evidence for this hypothesis in a causal rating experiment. However, behaviour in learning studies may depend on the task. We propose that error-driven learning should be considered to be a form of implicit learning and that the results of VHW’s contingency judgement task might stem from explicit strategies involving logic and reasoning. The present study investigates this question by a) running simulations with both the original and modified versions of the model; b) replicating the VHW experiment (Experiment 1); and c) extending the experiment with new stimuli and a post-test of learned and unseen stimuli (Experiment 2). Simulations show that the VHW modified model predicts that cues learnt at the beginning will be unlearnt when absent over the following blocks, so that they become negative predictors over time. In contrast, the original RW predicts that the absent cues remain steady (positive) predictors over the blocks. Results showed no significant difference in cue assignment between training and test, in line with the original RW model. Moreover, predictive cues in the training phase showed significantly higher ratings than a new cue introduced in the test phase, at least in some cases, also partially supporting the original RW. The results suggest that when an overt response is required to absent cues, participants adjust ratings. But in later blocks when no response was required, there did not appear to be learning from the absent cues. We propose that in the development of human learning theory, attention should be paid to whether the behaviour (or other learning data) to be modelled results from implicit learning or involves higher level cognitive processes. We suggest that the RW may best capture implicit error-driven learning.
Motion Opponency at MT: Preserved Motion Information and the Effect of Perceptual Learning
Authors: YU ALEXANDER , ZHANG RUIZHE , Silva Andrew Ernest , Yang Xing , Thompson Benjamin , Liu Zili
Published: April 2022

Motion opponency, first observed within the primate middle temporal cortex (MT), refers to the suppressing effect of opposite motion directions on neuronal activity. Namely, when opposing motion directional signals stimulate an MT neuron’s receptive field, this neuron’s response is comparable to that induced by flicker noise. Under such suppression, it is unknown whether any directional information is still represented at MT. In this study, we applied Support Vector Machine learning (SVM) to human functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging data to investigate if any motion defined orientation information was still available from suppressed MT. We found that, at least at the level of ±45° discrimination, such orientation information was still available. Interestingly, after behavioral perceptual learning that improved human discrimination of fine orientation discrimination (e.g., 42° vs. 48°) using the MT-suppressive motion stimuli, the SVM discrimination of ±45° did not improve when fMRI signals at post-learning MT were used. This result is consistent with findings in Thompson et al. (2013) that, post perceptual learning, MT suppression was not released, suggesting that motion opponency was perhaps functionally too important for perceptual learning to overcome.
Perancangan Prototipe Alat Deteksi Asap Rokok dengan Sistem Purifier Menggunakan Sensor MQ-135 dan MQ-2
Authors: Rombang Ivanno Alexander , Setyawan Lukas Bambang , Dewantoro Gunawan
Published: April 2022

Merokok di tempat umum seperti di pusat perbelanjaan, perkantoran, dan restoran merupakan kebiasaan yang sering dijumpai. Asap rokok merupakan salah satu bentuk pencemaran udara yang mengandung karbon monoksida, amonia, kadmium, nikotin, tar, arsenik, nitrosamina dan sianida. Zat-zat beracun ini berbahaya bagi orang-orang yang berada di dalam ruangan tersebut sehingga hal ini menimbulkan masalah kesehatan. Perancangan prototipe alat deteksi asap rokok yang dibuat memberikan solusi untuk pembersihan udara yang disebabkan oleh polutan asap rokok. Dalam penelitian ini, dirancang alat deteksi asap rokok berbasis Arduino menggunakan sensor MQ-135 dan MQ-2 sebagai pendeteksi kadar gas CO2 dan CO. Sistem purifier menggunakan exhaust fan yang dilengkapi dengan filter karbon aktif. Proses pengujian sistem yang dilakukan adalah pengujian waktu alat untuk membersihkan udara dalam ruangan prototipe dengan kategori polusi asap rokok yang sudah ditentukan yaitu kategori sedikit, sedang dan banyak. Setelah sensor mendeteksi kadar gas mencapai nilai ppm kategori yang ditentukan, hitungan waktu pembersihan mulai dilakukan dengan stopwatch. Hasil pengujian alat deteksi asap rokok sudah dapat membersihkan kualitas udara dalam ruang prototipe dengan rata-rata waktu pembersihan 34,52 menit (kategori sedikit), 40,4 menit (kategori sedang) dan 58,3 menit (kategori banyak).
Co-constructive Veterinary Simulation: A Novel Approach to Enhancing Clinical Communication and Reflection Skills
Authors: Spruijt Annemarie , Prins-Aardema Cecil C. , Antonio de Carvalho-Filho Marco , Jaarsma Debbie , Martin Andrés
Published: April 2022

Interpersonal communication is critical in training, licensing, and post-graduate maintenance of certification in veterinary medicine. Simulation has a vital role in advancing these skills, but even sophisticated simulation models have pedagogic limitations. Specifically, with learning goals and case scenarios designed by instructors, interaction with simulated participants (SPs) can become performative or circumscribed to evaluative assessments. This article describes co-constructive veterinary simulation (CCVS), an adaptation of a novel approach to participatory simulation that centers on learner-driven goals and individually tailored scenarios. CCVS involves a first phase of scriptwriting, in which a learner collaborates with a facilitator and a professional actor in developing a client–patient case scenario. In a second phase, fellow learners have a blinded interaction with the SP-in-role, unaware of the underlying clinical situation. In the final part, all learners come together for a debriefing session centered on reflective practice. The authors provide guidelines for learners to gain maximal benefit from their participation in CCVS sessions and describe thematic possibilities to incorporate into the model, with specific case examples drawn from routine veterinary practice. Finally, the authors outline challenges and future directions toward implementing CCVS in veterinary medical education toward the ultimate goal of professional growth and co-evolution as veterinary practitioners.
Mechanical Behavior of High-Entropy Alloys: Key Topics in Materials Science and Engineering
Authors: Liaw Peter K. , Shang Y. Y.
Published: April 2022

Mechanical Behavior of High-Entropy Alloys: Key Topics in Materials Science and Engineering provides an overview of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) and their distinguishing characteristics. It describes their composition and structure, strengthening mechanisms, deformation behaviors, and exceptional fatigue resistance. It discusses the role of alloying elements, the factors that influence microstructure evolution, and the properties that have been achieved with different alloy combinations and treatments. It also discusses fabrication processes and potential applications and includes an informative question-and-answer chapter.
Drawing on Readerly Intuition in Sentence Level Feedback
Authors: Kaler Michael John , Vroom Jonathan , Richter Christoph
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we discuss our research into the effects on student writing of giving sentence-level feedback at several stages in a scaffolded assignment in a large second year science course. Our results indicate that feedback that draws on the reader’s intuitive sense for writing, rather than on their technical grammatical knowledge, was the most popular choice for TAs assessing student work, and also led to the most revisions on the students’ parts. Accordingly, we argue that focusing on this more intuitive approach might be a fruitful strategy for TA training.
A Quantitative Analysis of the Students’ Experience with Digital Media in L2 Acquisition
Authors: Pikhart Marcel , Al-Obaydi Liqaa Habeb , Rehman Mohsin Abdur
Published: April 2022

Aim. Foreign language education widely utilizes various forms of eLearning or blended learning techniques and tools, and this trend has recently been supported and speeded up by the global pandemics of COVID-19. The study attempts to analyse the students’ experience with the use of digital media used for foreign language education with the aim of providing clear implications needed for future digital (online) language higher education.

Methodology. The methodology used to collect data was a questionnaire distributed online to the students of the University of Diyala in Iraq in July 2021 with n=394 making it a very representative and statistically relevant sample. Five hypotheses (H) were created and tested with these results. (H1) there is no correlation between a well-prepared teacher and subjective satisfaction of the students with online classes. (H2) the students will significantly prefer traditional teaching to online L2 acquisition. (H3) there will be a correlation between increased screen time and students´ dissatisfaction with online learning. (H4) the more they have to use digital media, the more they will prefer print text for their L2 acquisition. (H5) the most important subjectively perceived negative aspect of online learning will be reduced communication possibilities both with the tutor and with their peers. 

Results. The students significantly supported traditional foreign language techniques over digital ones despite the fact that the tutors were evaluated with very high grades by the students. Thus, the fact that the tutors are well prepared, they use modern technology and attempt to motivate the students very successfully, the final result of the online foreign language class did not prove to be parallel to the traditional class regarding students´ satisfaction.

Conclusions. The results could be important for applied linguistics and psycholinguistics as they provide a clear overview of the current state of affairs in L2 acquisition with the use of digital technologies, which is a crucial topic that is more and more important for the development of both psycholinguistics and applied linguistics. Despite the fact that this study deals only with the subjective satisfaction of the participants, it can be generalized and can be transferrable on a large geographical scale. This geographical limitation can be rectified by larger-scale research that can be initiated by this early study. There are many implications connected to these findings, such as moving towards non-digital learning tools, such as print textbooks, focusing on more personal discussions rather than just various online assignments. Moreover, the results of the study should be a contribution to the current scientific discussion about the development of psycholinguodidactics and its role in solving the problem of mastering foreign languages.
The Communicative Functions of Emojis: Evidence from Jordanian Arabic-Speaking Facebookers
Authors: Hamdan Hady
Published: April 2022

Purpose. This paper examines the communicative (also known as pragmatic) functions of the most common five emojis in the Jordanian context as perceived by Jordanian Facebook users.

Methods. The data were collected in four stages. First, the researcher shared a post on his Facebook account in which he asked his Jordanian-Arabic speaking virtual friends to report in a comment the most common emojis they use. The researcher compiled 174 comments / responses with 1716 emoji tokens. Second, the received tokens were used to identify the most common five emojis. Third, in order to identify the set of functions of each emoji, the researcher shared another post in which he asked the same previous group to report when each of them tends to press each emoji and for what purposes. Based on the received comments, a preliminary list of functions was prepared. Finally, the proposed functions were subjected to a validation process by two Jordanian-Arabic speaking linguists and three senior students from the Department of English at the University of Jordan. Most of their judgments were compatible with those of the researcher. To further validate the data, the acceptability of the identified functions were tested against the intuition of 261 Jordanian BA students at the University of Jordan.

Results. The findings show that the five most common emojis in the Jordanian context are (1) the Face With Tears of Joy, (2) the Red Heart, (3) the Slightly Smiling Face, (4) the Face Blowing a Kiss, and (5) the Winking Face. Furthermore, emojis are not only used to show emotions, but can also act as markers of illocutionary force, as face saving devices, and as boosters of rapport. The set of emojis examined in this study can be employed to perform 19 multiple illocutionary acts including but not limited to expressive acts (happiness, admiration, etc.), directive acts (e.g, directing the addressee to stop doing something) and declarative acts (e.g., threatening). Emojis are not solely used to convey the functions envisaged by their creators. Instead, with time, emojis start to drift extensively from their semantic import by acquiring a wide spectrum of new illocutions.

Conclusions. The study concludes that although emojis are evolving and developing at a rapid pace, becoming more diverse, pervasive and integral in our daily communications, sharing even some of the characteristics of human language such as arbitrariness, they remain a mode of communication within computer-mediated communication (CMC). At this stage, they can mainly play the role of non-verbal cues that help us understand the intended message and function as a parallel lingua franca limited in domains of CMC.
Образ світу і людини в умовах дигітальної культури: психолінгвістичний аналіз
Authors: Kremen Vasyl , Ilyin Volodymyr
Published: April 2022

Вступ. У статті проведено психолінгвістичний аналіз нового образу людини в ситуації інформаційно-цифрової реальності як нового образу світу.

Мета. Мета дослідження полягає у з’ясуванні можливостей проєктивної лінгвістики у визначенні психолінгвістичної сутності смислових та ментальних структур сучасних мовних норм і міжособистісної комунікації у процесі формування нового образу людини.

Методи. Дослідження ґрунтується на методології сучасних психологічних, генетико-епістемологічних, філософсько-антропологічних і лінгвістичних теоретичних рефлексій. Їх опрацювання включило в процес аналізу методи проєктивної і когнітивної лінгвістики, потенціал яких сприяв виявленню психолінгвістичних особливостей мовного спілкування епохи метамодерну.

Результати. Розглянута проблема формування і розвитку нового образу людини (homo digitalis) в умовах інформаційно-цифрової реальності. Концептуалізовано образ світу, що в психолінгвістиці розуміється як відображення в свідомості людини реальності, опосередкованої предметністю і відповідними когнітивними схемами та рефлексіями. З’ясовано фактор впливу інформаційно-цифрових технологій на психологію та зміну способів мовного спілкування і комунікації. Вияснено особливості реалізації сучасною людиною своїх творчих здібностей в лінгво-когнітивно-епістемній діяльності в процесі актуального сприйняття образу світу. Показано, що перенесення акценту на мережеву комунікацію приводить до втрати людиною системи орієнтирів, необхідних для продуктивної діяльності в складностях і суперечностях багатомірного інфосвіту. Вирішення даної проблеми покладається на потенціал проєктивної лінгвістики, можливості якої постають фактором формування нового образу людини та її діяльності на рівні наукового осмислення світу.

Висновки. Психолінгвістичний аналіз образу людини в ситуації нового образу світу відкриває перспективи активного входження сучасної культури мовлення і спілкування в параметри інформаційно-цифрової реальності. Психолінгвістичне обґрунтування даного процесу в контексті проєктивної лінгвістики постає важливим кроком по виявленню інтелектуальних і когнітивних можливостей нового образу людини в результаті сприйняття реальності інфосвіту.
Pepatah Jawa sebagai Prinsip Hidup Masyarakat Modern dalam Novel Impian Amerika Karya Kuntowijoyo
Authors: Rahaya Ivana Septia
Published: April 2022

Perubahan pola pikir akibat perubahan zaman memengaruhi berbagai aspek kehidupan, salah satunya adalah pemaknaan pepatah Jawa yang sedari dulu sejatinya digunakan sebagai prinsip hidup masyarakat. Beberapa masyarakat bahkan salah mengartikan makna dan menganggap bahwa pepatah Jawa adalah warisan budaya yang sudah tidak relevan dengan kondisi modern saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelasan dan mendeskripsikan makna pepatah Jawa dalam novel Impian Amerika karya Kuntowijoyo yang mencerminkan kehidupan masyarakat modern di Amerika. Adanya penelitian ini, diharapkan mampu membuktikan bahwa pepatah Jawa tetap relevan dengan perkembangan zaman.  Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan antropologi sastra. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik baca catat. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis isi (content analysis). Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa novel Impian Amerika karya Kuntowijoyo menggambarkan prinsip hidup masyarakat modern yang diambil dari pepatah Jawa. Prinsip hidup tersebut berhubungan dengan usaha masyarakat dalam menciptakan keselarasan antara individu dan Tuhan serta keselarasan antarindividu.
Surface-strength approach for concrete monitoring using sensors and shock-pulse method
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Utepov Ye.B. , Aniskin A. ,   University North, Varaždin, Croatia, Lukpanov R.E. ,   Research and Production center “ENU LAB”; L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Tulebekova A.S. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Zharassov Sh.Zh. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Published: April 2022

There are many methods used for temperature-strength control of reinforced concrete structures globally. Their majority is associated with the significant challenges of being time-consuming, costly and prone to errors. Therefore, this study investigated the potential applicability of the surface-strength approach of specimens using non-destructive testing methods to derive temperature-strength relationships as an alternative approach to the currently widely used methods. The studies were carried out by comparing the surface strength of small laboratory specimens (SS) and large specimens (LS), imitating building structures, obtained by the shock-pulse method and the strength obtained by the destructive method; and the obtained calibration dependencies were adapted to the results of specimens’ thermal control. The temperature-strength dependence was corrected by comparing the strength and temperature parameters of SS and LS. The obtained nomograms make it possible to correct changes in the temperature regime of hydration of structures curing in real climatic conditions. The final adaptation of the temperature-strength dependence to the real erected structures showed a significant potential of this method in the construction industry. The difference between the actual strength of the drilled cores and the predicted strength of concrete at 28 days was only 1.02%.
Efficiency of growing planting material of Russian plum in the conditions of the Moscow region
Authors: Upadysheva G. Yu.
Published: April 2022

The results of four-year studies on the reproduction of Russian plum on clonal rootstocks are presented. The purpose of the work was to select the optimal clone rootstocks for replication of the most adaptive varieties of Russian plum. In 2017-2020, in the conditions of the Leninsky district of the Moscow region in the nursery of the Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, the objects of research were 2 varieties of Russian plum (Shatyor, Cleopatra), grafted on 5 clone rootstocks (SVG-11-19, OD-2-3, 13-113, VVA-1 and Vesennee Plamya). It has been established that the most promising for propagation of Russian plum varieties Cleopatra and Shatyor are clonal rootstocks OD-2-3, 113-113, Vesennee Plamya. The annuals grafted on these rootstocks were characterized by the best biometric parameters of the aboveground system and the number of lateral branches of more than 13 pcs. On the SVG-11-19 and VVA-1 rootstocks, the seedlings were more compact and with fewer lateral branches (6-9 pcs.). The survival rate of the eyes and the yield of annuals of the studied varieties on medium-sized clonal rootstocks Vesennee Plamya and OD2-3 were above 80 %. The maximum yield of standard planting material (40 thousand pieces/ha) was noted in Cleopatra scion/rootstock combinations/ Vesennee Plamya, Shatyor/ OD-2-3 and Shatyor/ Vesennee Plamya. The profitability of growing seedlings of these scion/rootstock combinations was 103.3-109.5 %, which is 1.7 times higher than when grafting these varieties on the VVA-1 rootstock.
MEMORY IN THE QUILOMBO ALCANTARENSE DE ITAMATATIUA-MA
Authors: Bandeira Arkley Marques , Belfort Conceição  de Maria , Cutrim Klautenys Dellene Guedes , De Alencar Kátia do Perpétuo Socorro Viana Santos , SILVA MARIANA QUEEN CARDOSO DA , Lima Nyedja Rejane Tavares , Dantas Suelen Cipriano Milhomem , Pereira Tereza Cristina Lobato , Cogo Vanessa de Matos Tavares , Logrado Yuri Sampaio Capellato , Casarosa Michele Angelo Tinagli
Published: April 2022

The narratives about the development of the territory that comprises Itamatatiua are imprecise, as the historical data contrasts with the oral reports. Nevertheless, it is clear, both in the memory of the community and in the historical documentation, the direct link of this village with the Order do Carmelite (Carmelite Order), which had several projects in Alcântara, such as farms, potteries, salt pans, first hospitals for people with mental disorders, convent and church. The approach adopted in this article focuses on the religiosity present in the formation of the quilombola community in Itamatatiua, located in Alcântara/Maranhão. In the methodological track, field research was used, conducted in the place where people live and socialize, with due survey through data collection and an inductive method (descriptive accumulation in detail).
Cranial vault imaging for pediatric head trauma using a radial VIBE MRI sequence
Authors: Patel Kamlesh B. , Eldeniz Cihat , Skolnick Gary B. , Commean Paul K. , Eshraghi Boroojeni Parna , Jammalamadaka Udayabhanu , Merrill Corinne , Smyth Matthew D. , Goyal Manu S. , An Hongyu
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE

Head trauma is the most common indication for a CT scan. In this pilot study, the authors assess the feasibility of a 5-minute high-resolution 3D golden-angle (GA) stack-of-stars radial volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) MRI sequence (GA-VIBE) to obtain clinically acceptable cranial bone images and identify cranial vault fractures compared to CT.

METHODS

Patients younger than 18 years of age presenting after head trauma were eligible for the study. Three clinicians reviewed and assessed 1) slice-by-slice volumetric CT and inverted MR images, and 2) 3D reconstructions obtained from inverted MR images and the gold standard (CT). For each image set, reviewers noted on 5-point Likert scales whether they recommended that a repeat scan be performed and the presence or absence of cranial vault fractures.

RESULTS

Thirty-one patients completed MRI after a clinical head CT scan was performed. Based on CT imaging, 8 of 31 patients had cranial fractures. Two of 31 patients were sedated as part of their clinical MRI scan. In 30 (97%) of 31 MRI reviews, clinicians agreed (or strongly agreed) that the image quality was acceptable for clinical diagnosis. Overall, comparing MRI to acceptable gold-standard CT, sensitivity and specificity of fracture detection were 100%. Furthermore, there were no discrepancies between CT and MRI in classification of fracture type or location.

CONCLUSIONS

When compared with the gold standard (CT), the volumetric and 3D reconstructed images using the GA-VIBE sequence were able to produce clinically acceptable cranial images with excellent ability to detect cranial vault fractures.
Independent predictors of vertebral compression fracture following radiation for metastatic spine disease
Authors: Mikula Anthony L. , Pennington Zach , Lakomkin Nikita , Clarke Michelle J. , Rose Peter S. , Bydon Mohamad , Freedman Brett , Sebastian Arjun S. , Lu Lichun , Kowalchuk Roman O. , Merrell Kenneth W. , Fogelson Jeremy L. , Elder Benjamin D.
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to determine independent risk factors for vertebral compression fracture (VCF) following radiation for metastatic spine disease, including low bone mineral density as estimated by Hounsfield units (HU).

METHODS

A retrospective chart review identified patients with a single vertebral column metastasis treated with radiation therapy, a pretreatment CT scan, and a follow-up CT scan at least 6 weeks after treatment. Patients with primary spine tumors, preradiation vertebroplasty, preradiation spine surgery, prior radiation to the treatment field, and proton beam treatment modality were excluded. The HU were measured in the vertebral bodies at the level superior to the metastasis, within the tumor and medullary bone of the metastatic level, and at the level inferior to the metastasis. Variables collected included basic demographics, Spine Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS), presenting symptoms, bone density treatment, primary tumor pathology, Weinstein-Boriani-Biagini (WBB) classification, Enneking stage, radiation treatment details, chemotherapy regimen, and prophylactic vertebroplasty.

RESULTS

One hundred patients with an average age of 63 years and average follow-up of 18 months with radiation treatment dates ranging from 2017 to 2020 were included. Fifty-nine patients were treated with external-beam radiation therapy, with a median total dose of 20 Gy (range 8–40 Gy). Forty-one patients were treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy, with a median total dose of 24 Gy (range 18–39 Gy). The most common primary pathologies included lung (n = 22), prostate (n = 21), and breast (n = 14). Multivariable logistic regression analysis (area under the curve 0.89) demonstrated pretreatment HU (p < 0.01), SINS (p = 0.02), involvement of ≥ 3 WBB sectors (p < 0.01), primary pathology other than prostate (p = 0.04), and ongoing chemotherapy treatment (p = 0.04) to be independent predictors of postradiation VCF. Patients with pretreatment HU < 145 (n = 32), 145–220 (n = 31), and > 220 (n = 37) had a fracture rate of 59%, 39%, and 11%, respectively. An HU cutoff of 157 was found to maximize sensitivity (71%) and specificity (75%) in predicting postradiation VCF.

CONCLUSIONS

Low preradiation HU, higher SINS, involvement of ≥ 3 WBB sectors, ongoing chemotherapy, and nonprostate primary pathology were independent predictors of postradiation VCF in patients with metastatic spine disease. Low bone mineral density, as estimated by HU, is a novel and potentially modifiable risk factor for VCF.