bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the influence of a biorational insecticide of the juvenoid class on the state of fruit cenoses
Authors: Podgornaya Marina , Prah Svetlana , Vasilchenko Anfisa , Didenko Nadezhda
Published: May 2021

The dominant pests in the apple and plum cenoses are representatives of the tortrix family (Tortricidae) on the apple - the codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.), on the plum - the plum moth (Grapholitha funebrana Mats.), which develop in the region of southern Russia in three full generations. The loss of yield from the vital activity of these phytophages can reach 60-80%. It has been established that the inclusion of a 2-fold application of the insecticide Insegar, WDG in the apple and plum protection system allows preserving 98.9% of apple fruits and 94.6-99.2% of plum fruits. The stimulating effect of the use of insecticides of the juvenile group on the agrobiological indicators of the apple-tree variety Golden Reinders and the plum Kabardinskaya early was revealed, namely, the increase in the length of the one-year growth. It has been proven that the double application of Insegar, WDG in apple and plum plantations does not lead to violation of hygienic standards for the content of fenoxycarb in soil and fruits.
Evaluation of the application of fungicides of inorganic copper compounds in apple and plum agroecosystems of the Krasnodar territory
Authors: Yakuba Galina , Podgornaya Marina , Mishchenko Irina , Didenko Nadezhda , Chernov Vasily
Published: May 2021

In unstable environmental conditions, research on replacing pesticides with high consumption rates with modern ones with lower consumption rates, determining their effect on productivity and biometric indicators of a culture is relevant. The goal of the research was to evaluate the use of fungicides of inorganic copper compounds as the main xenobiotics in apple and plum agroecosystems in the Krasnodar Territory and development elements of energy-saving protection technologies for changing weather conditions that ensure maximum efficiency with minimal ecotoxicity. The studies were carried out in 2018-2020. In extreme weather conditions, the preparations Champ DP, WDG and Kocide 2000, WDG showed the effectiveness of apple scab control at the level of 96.8- ± 0.6%. Fungicides Cuproxat, SC and Terpen C, SC in the control of Klyasterosporioz plum - at the level of 92.2-99.0%. Fungicides of the copper group had a negative effect on apple and plum plants: a decrease in the length of annual shoots and leaf area was noted. The use of Terpen C, SC, containing terpene stimuli, stimulated the growth of one-year plum shoots by 27.7% and an increase in the leaf area by 11.6%, in comparison with the control. The content of copper in the fruits of apple and plum trees and in the soil under their plantations was in accordance with the requirements not exceeding hygienic standards. The results obtained can be used to develop elements of energy-saving technologies for protecting apple and plum trees in a changing climate.
Theoretical studies of the thermal state of heat storage elements of the electric thermal storage in the modes of charging and heat output
Authors: Khimenko Aleksei , Tikhomirov Dmitry , Trunov Stanislav , Kuzmichov Aleksey
Published: May 2021

Theoretical studies of the thermal state of heat storage elements with air channels of various shapes in the modes of charging and heat output of the electric thermal storage (ETS) are carried out. The mathematical model of heat exchange processes adapted to the operating modes of the ETS is presented. The change in the average heat transfer coefficient in the air channels in the conditions of natural and forced convection in the modes of charging and heat output ETS, and the heat flux density in the mode of charging of the ETS from a tubular electric heating element (TEH) for heat storage elements with channels of a slit and round shape are shown. The temperature distribution in heat storage elements made of chamotte and magnesite with slit-shaped (standard design) and round shape channels is obtained. As a result of the studies carried out, the temperature change and the dynamics of heat transfer in the air channels of heat storage elements made of various types of thermal storage material (TSM) in the modes of charging and heat output of the ETS were analyzed. The conclusion is made about the efficiency of using heat storage elements made of chamotte with round-shaped channels in the ETS.
Use of regulators of growth in increase of efficiency of hybrids of sunflower in KBR
Authors: Haniyeva Irina , Abdulkhalikov Rustam , Shogenov Yury , Odizhev Andemirkan , Sabolirov Ahmed
Published: May 2021

In a foothill zone of Kabardino-Balkar Republic in 2018-2020 researches on identification of the most effective preparations on crops of sunflower were conducted. As objects of research sunflower hybrids Donskoy 22 F1 served. Donskoy 342 and EU Muse. The following preparations were used: Albite, Polidon Biot Olive. Use of the preparations Albite and Polidon Biot Olive positively influences viability of seeds, duration of the vegetative period, a crop and quality of sunflower. The analysis of the conducted researches showed that cultivation of hybrids of sunflower of the EU the Muse in the conditions of a foothill zone of Kabardino-Balkar Republic is the most favorable.
Behavior of Chinchilla lanigera under cage keeping with the introduction of molecular hydrogen into the diet
Authors: Panina Elena , Ivanov Alexey , Petrov Dmitry , Panteleev Sergey
Published: May 2021

Study of the effect of molecular hydrogen on the behavior adaptation of chinchilla in conditions of cage keeping. The experimental animals received drinking water enriched with molecular hydrogen at a dosage of 0.1-1.1 ppm for 10 months. It was found that the peak of activity of the behavior of chinchillas of both groups fell on the period from 19:00 to 9:00. A significant difference between the experimental and control groups were identified by the shape of behavior “movement within the cage” activity in experimental group daytime was higher at 24 minutes (p˂0.05) than in the control. The dynamics of daily activity of experimental animals came eh for the period from 19:00 to 08:00 (on average by 12 minutes) and the control group - 22:00-08:00 (an average of 6 minutes). The introduction of drinking water enriched with molecular hydrogen into the diet of the experimental group of chinchillas for 10 months increased the proportion of active behavior of animals by 20.6%.
Anatomycal and histological structure of aortic valve in Baikal seal
Authors: Tarasevich V.N.
Published: May 2021

This article studies peculiarities of the anatomical and histological structure of the aortic valve cusps in Baikal seal in the age of 3-3.5 years. Topographically, the aortic valve takes a central position and is located between the atrioventricular valves, and cranial - pulmonary valve. Projectively, the aortic valve is placed above the level of the atrioventricular valves, but below the level of the pulmonary valve. The aortic ostium has marked sinuses, two coronary and one septal, forming the aortic bulb. The valve is shown by the septal right and left semilunar cusps. The septal cusp is caudally attached to the aortic ostium and the right and left have a cranial location. Aortic valve cusps have three layers of connective tissue: fibrosa (aortic) – with collagen fibers, ventriculosa (ventricular) - with elastic and spongiosa (intermediate) - a combination of both fibers, give strength to this structure. The thickness of the ventricular layer of the cusp is 2.4 times higher than the thickness of the aortic layer. At the places of the greatest thickness value, there are transverse resections (2 deep and 4 surface), which increase the contact surface and increase the pressure on the cusp. The thinning area, which is located before the bulging edge of the cusp, acts as a closure point for the aortic valve cusps.
Assessment of the adaptability of Dutch breeding Holstein cattle to the conditions of the steppe zone of the Central Ciscaucasia
Authors: Kurashev Zh.H. , Gukezhev V.M. , Getokov O.O. , Zhekamukhov M.Kh. , Aisanov Z.M.
Published: May 2021

The analysis of homeostasis was carried out on the basis of hematological blood parameters of highly productive Holstein cattle (average milk yield is 9300 kg, robotic farm, n = 106) which made it possible to establish average indicators and their variability in new, to a certain extent, extreme conditions. Analysis of the results obtained indicates that contrary to the established opinion about the relative stability of indicators of the hematological composition of blood, the organism of imported animals is experiencing rather strong overloads as evidenced by the high degree of variability of different blood elements. Some animals lose their fatness dramatically, even against the background of an average nutritional value of a balanced daily diet, sufficient for a milk yield of 30-33 kg of milk. High variability was noted in the number of lymphocytes (lim) - 64.3, medium cells (Mid) - 56.5 and granulocytes (Gran) - 42.5 percent. More stable indicators for the average volume of erythrocytes - 5.3, the content of hemoglobin in erythrocytes (MCH) - 8.7, the concentration of hemoglobin (HGB) - 9.1 and hematocrit number (NBT) - 10.6 percent.
Correlation between mitochondrial dysfunction of spermatozoa and their biological adequacy
Authors: Tadzhieva Anna , Iolchiev Baylar , Rystsova Katerina , Krotova Elena , Simonova Evgenia
Published: May 2021

One of the most significant indicators affecting male fertility is the sperm nuclear and mitochondrial DNA fragmentation index (DFI). DNA damage depends on biotic and abiotic factors, leading to oxidative stress (O.S.). This research aimed to investigate the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction of spermatozoa and their biological adequacy. The research material was frozen-thawed sperm samples from the Ayrshire, Russian Black Pied Holstein, Russian Red Pied Holstein, Limousin, and Polled Russian breeding bulls. Assessments of mobility, morphology, and fragmentation index were performed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). It was found that there is a negative correlation between sperm activity and mitochondrial dysfunction with the correlation coefficient r = -0.24. The incidence of abnormal spermatozoa correlated with sperm dysfunction r = 0.77. The nDNA fragmentation index in chromatin varied from 0 to 25%.
Determination of design and operation parameters influence of screw type pelletizer on crumbling and temperature of soybean chaff pellets
Authors: Penzin A.A. , Tatarenko I.Yu. , Shulzhenko E.A. , Shishkin V.V. , Usanov V.S.
Published: May 2021

This article presents the study of significant factors influence on the pelletizing process of soybean chaff. The aim of the research was to determine the operating modes of the screw providing chaff soybean pellets output with a crumbling of not more than 12% at the optimum pelletizing temperature of 70 — 80°C. To study the significant factors influence - such as the flight screw step, the screw rotation speed, chaff moisture - on the process of soybean chaff pelletizing, as well as the optimal values variation of these factors, search experiments were conducted on the screw type laboratory pelleting press XP-3. Regression equations were calculated as a result of the studies, which are adequately describing the influence of significant factors on the output of proper quality pellets; this will allow to develop the technology for chaff compacting in the process of stationary processing of the grain and soybean heap, which allows to reduce the costs of transportation and storage of soybean chaff.
Correction of mineral metabolism in the body of lactating cows during consumption of energy supplements
Authors: Sycheva L.V. , Yunusova O.Yu.
Published: May 2021

Based on the conducted experiment on the study of energy supplements “Cow Energy” and “Ketostop El” feeding in the diets of lactating cows, their positive effect on the digestibility and accessibility of calcium and phosphorus was noted. Cows of the control group were fed with a multicomponent diet (silage, haylage, grain mix, molasses). The animals of the experimental groups were added energy supplements: I experimental - “Cow Energy” 200 g per head per day, II experimental - “Ketostop El” 200 g per head per day. Cows from the II experimental group were ahead of the control group by 0.40% and 0.38% in the use of calcium and phosphorus for milk, and the I experimental group - by 0.04% and 0.67%. The biochemical analysis of the blood of the experimental cows showed that during the physiological experiment, there were no significant differences in the metabolic processes in the animals. The biochemical parameters of the blood corresponded to the norms of physiological values.
The effect of crude oil on the biochemical parameters of the blood of white rats
Authors: Ydyrys Alibek , Ablaikhanova Nurzhaniyat , Amanbay Balgyn , Seiykadyr Kalamkas , Demeuova Dana
Published: May 2021

In this article authors were identified the effect of crude oil on the biochemical parameters of white rat blood. The experiments were conducted in two groups. In the first group, biochemical blood parameters of the control group were determined. In the second group, the biochemical parameters of the blood of white rats after poisoning with crude oil were determined: during the experiment, white rats were treated for chronic crude oil poisoning. Crude oil products from the Zhanaozen oil field were the main food for white rats. Feeding of white rats was carried out according to commonly used methods. The oil concentration in the feed is about 1%. There was also a weak concentration of oil in the water of 0.001%. Thus, rats were fed a daily dose of 5.85 g of oil per day. Results: The results of the study show a decrease in the mechanical properties of oil-poisoned organisms in stem cells and the intensity of protein synthesis. Leads to metabolic processes and physiological changes in the body. Biochemical parameters of the blood of white rats after poisoning with crude oil indicate impaired liver and kidney function. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that crude oil has a high negative impact on the biochemical parameters of the blood and causes various diseases. Therefore, the results of the study can be used to organize measures to protect the environment and animal and human health in oil-producing areas.
Phenotypic and genotypic features of strains of Actinobaculum suis- the causative agent of urinary tract infections in pigs
Authors: Pleshakova V.I. , Lescheva N.A. , Lorengel T.I. , Konev A.V.
Published: May 2021

urinary tract infections (UTI) are a significant problem of infectious pathology among the pig population. Many researchers consider UTI in pigs as a result of the influence of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms and unfavorable conditions of keeping and feeding. In the middle of the last century, a number of researchers identified a specific pathogen, namely Actinobaculum suis, which causes a pathological condition of the bladder and kidneys in pigs. The microorganism remains poorly studied. In morphometric and biochemical terms, it has a weak variance of phenotypic traits, with the greatest fluctuations in the enzyme profiles of the isolated cultures. It is shown that the size of microbial bodies has a direct dependence not only on the component composition of the growth medium, but also on the native pathological material from which the microorganism was isolated. Molecular genetic studies have shown that the content of GC-pairs was on average 55.5 mole%, which corresponds to the taxonomic position of the pathogen. At the same time, 16SpRNA restriction analysis did not reveal differences in PCR products, which in turn indicates a high degree of genetic relation of the isolated Actinobaculum suis cultures.
Nematicidal activity of menthol and its dithiophosphoric derivatives
Authors: Nikitin Evgeny , Shumatbaev Georgiy , Gatiyatullina Alsu , Egorova Anastasia , Salikhov Ramazan
Published: May 2021

The effects of (–)-(1R,2S,5R)-menthol and its dithiophosphoric derivatives - O,O-di-(–)-menthyldithiophosphoric acid, its sodium, 8S,9R-quinine, (S)-(–)-nicotinic and pyridoxonium salts on the organism of the free-living soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans were investigated. (–)-(1R,2S,5R)-menthol had no toxic effect on nematodes. O,O-di-(–)-menthyldithiophosphoric acid and its sodium salt caused dose-dependent death of nematodes. The toxic effect of these substances on the C. elegans organism developed with a lag-phase and reached its maximum value after 24 hours at concentrations of O,O-di-(–)-menthyldithiophosphoric acid and its sodium salt of 500 and 400 μg/mL, respectively. The LC50 values were 191.5 μg/mL for O,O-di-(–)-menthyldithiophosphoric acid, and 181.6 μg/mL for its sodium salt. 8S,9R-quinine, (S)-(–)-nicotinium and pyridoxonium salts of O,O-di-(–)-menthyldithiophosphoric acid were less toxic against C. elegans, causing 89.5–98.5% death of nematodes upon 24 hour exposure at a concentration of 2000 μg/mL. The study of the antihelmintic properties of (–)-(1R,2S,5R)-menthyl dithiophosphoric derivatives is promising for the creation of drugs both for the treatment of helminthiasis in domestic animals and humans, and as well as nematicides to control phytonematodes parasitizing in plants.
Agricultural development of the Kurgan region in modern conditions
Authors: Roznina Nina , Karpova Maria , Shulgina Alla , Borovinskikh Valentina , Volkova Alevtina
Published: May 2021

Russia is one of the main producers of agricultural products, which is determined by the large size of its territory, natural conditions, land suitable for the production of agricultural products and other factors. Agriculture is a significant industry, the development of which is focused on both making a profit and ensuring food and national security. The leaders in the production of agricultural products in Russia are: the Krasnodar Krai, Rostov region, Belgorod region, Voronezh region. The Kurgan region is an industrial and agricultural region, for which agriculture is a system-forming branch of the economy, forming the agro-industrial market, food and economic security of the region. The agricultural degree has a significant impact on the standard of living and well-being of the population of the region: size and structure of food, per capita income, consumption of goods, and social standard of living. The article evaluates the dynamics of agricultural production development in the Kurgan region for 2015-2019. The dynamics of crop acreage, animal population, production of products by categories of farms and their implementation in physical terms are studied.
The role of the state in increasing labor productivity in agricultural enterprises of Ukraine
Authors: Yekimov Sergey , Sarychev Volidymyr , Malyuga Natalya , Shkulipa Liudmyla , Poltorak Anastasiia
Published: May 2021

In this article examines the economic and management reasons for the low profitability of most Ukrainian agricultural enterprises. Due to the low level of salaries, there is a shortage of qualified service personnel. Approximately 90% of agricultural machinery in the fields is obsolete or worn out. The younger generation tends to go to work in the city. Increasing labor productivity will reduce the costs of agricultural enterprises and contribute to the successful functioning of the labor market. Professional development, training and retraining of personnel are essential for agricultural enterprises. Enterprises without government support are experiencing difficulties in solving this problem. In our opinion, an active role of the state in training workers in the agricultural sector of the economy will help to reduce the level of migration of labor resources from rural areas to cities. An increase in the level of responsibility of employees, in our opinion, can be achieved through training and subsequent state certification, with the aim of using their professional knowledge and skills in the future.
Sustainable grain complex development of Russia: formation of grain clusters
Authors: Meleshkina E.P. , Bundina O.I. , Khuhrin A.S.
Published: May 2021

Human civilization is developing in the regime with aggravation and maximum aggravation in 2025 — 2030. The development instability, the probability of not only unlikely - but also incredible events - global disasters, “Black Swans”, has drastically increased. There are tectonic changes happening in nature and society. In these conditions, more than ever, the importance of the Concept of Sustainable Development has increased not only as a theoretical and intellectual message to the development of humanity in total turbulence, but above all, to practical implementation of this Concept. Firstly, the changes taking place affected agriculture of the countries of the world and Russia, and especially its grain complex. From the perspective of system-synergistic, bioeconomic, cluster and global approaches, the definition to the “sustainable development of the grain complex” concept was developed, the structure of its potential development, a set of measures to increase the grain complex development stability in the format of agroforestry clusters system creation was proposed. The cluster system formation will be a radical tool to increase the stability, efficiency, and competitiveness of Russia's grain economy, weaken global climate change and prevent disasters.
Improvement of rural development system through interaction with penitentiary institutions
Authors: Olesiyuk Olga , Fazliyev Ildar , Svetlakov Andrey
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the identification of ways to solve socio-economic problems of rural territories and territorial formations on which penitentiary system institutions are located. The authors provide an analysis of rural territories of Perm Krai and reveal the results of demographic processes and accompanying causal relations. The possibility of solving employment problems of previously convicted people and repleshiment of labor resources shortage by this was offered. The mutual benefit of such cooperation was demonstrated for the administrations of these institutions and municipalities, expressed in increasing the economic potential of institutions and territories and reducing social tensions in these territories in the process of solving socio - economic contradictions. The need to assess the institutions” economic potential and the level of social tension was established. The considered problem’s relevance for any rural territory of our country where the penitentiary system institutions are located makes the authors-proposed approach interesting from the practical application point of view to specialists in the field of state and municipal administration, agriculture in economic development as federal bodies, public authorities, subjects of the Russian Federation and local governments.
Sustainable agricultural development: from sectoral to ecosystem approach
Authors: Misyura Andrey , Orekhova Svetlana
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the prospects for using the ecosystem approach in agriculture. The methodology of research is based on the concept of sustainable development, ecosystem theory and platform economy. Research methods and materials deal with economic and statistical analysis of the agricultural industry and related branches of agricultural engineering and the land market in Russia. The main idea of the article is the assumption that in order to ensure sustainable development, it is necessary to integrate the listed industries into a single ecosystem based on the same technological standards and digital platform solutions, with a unified coordination center. The main problem in the organization of the ecosystem in agriculture in Russia is the systemic dependence of the industry on institutional factors, primarily government subsidies and the lack of specific design solutions in the field of its sustainable development. The authors see the development of another high-tech sector in the economy of the Russian Federation as a result of the organization of an ecosystem in agriculture.
Sociology of nutrition: theory and practice
Authors: Zhuravleva Larisa , Zarubina Elena , Ruchkin Aleksey , Simachkova Natalya , Chupina Irina
Published: May 2021

The subject of the article is the theory and practice of sociology food supply in Russia. The purpose of the study is defined as the analysis of the main trends and problems of theory and practice of modern nutrition sociology in Russia. The material of the study was the works of domestic and foreign authors in the field of areas of nutrition sociology, as well as the authors ’ sociological research on food culture. Based on the analysis of the main approaches to nutrition research Abroad, the authors highlight the main trends in the development of modern nutrition sociology. The authors ’ sociological research on food culture allowed us to identify the main problems in this area, analyze changes in culture nutrition events that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic. Results of the study we have shown the importance of sociological studies of food culture for a comprehensive solutions to the problem of ensuring food security in the context of economic growth the decline caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Such research is necessary for the development and implementation of comprehensive programs to improve the efficiency of agri-food systems, support for farms and small businesses in rural areas, social and economic support for vulnerable segments of the population.
Wavelet analysis for the solution to the wave equation with fractional noise in time and white noise in space
Authors: Assaad Obayda , Tudor Ciprian A.
Published: May 2021

Via Malliavin calculus, we analyze the limit behavior in distribution of the spatial wavelet variation for the solution to the stochastic linear wave equation with fractional Gaussian noise in time and white noise in space. We propose a wavelet-type estimator for the Hurst parameter of the this solution and we study its asymptotic properties.
An effective iterated greedy algorithm for blocking hybrid flow shop problem with due date window
Authors: Missaoui Ahmed , Boujelbene Younès
Published: May 2021

Nowadays many industry consider an interval time as a due date instead of precise points in time. In this study, the hybrid flow shop scheduling problem with basic blocking constraint is tackled. Where jobs, if done within a due window, are deemed on time. Therefore, the criterion is to minimize the sum of weighted earliness and tardiness. This variant of the hybrid flowshop problem is not investigated to the best of our knowledge. we introduced a new metaheuristic centered on the iterated greedy approach. to evaluate the proposed method we start by the re-implementation and the comparison of seven well-selected procedures that treat the hybrid flowshop problem. In order to prove the robustness of our method, we evaluated it using a new benchmark of more than 1000 instances. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is effective and produces a very high solution.
Hybrid Cell Selection-based Heuristic for capacitated multi-facility Weber problem with continuous fixed costs
Authors: Jamil Nur Shifa Farah Ain , Abdul-Rahman Syariza , Luis Martino , Benjamin Aida Mauziah
Published: May 2021

Location-allocation problem (LAP) has attracted much attention in facility location field. The LAP in continuous plane is well-known as Weber problem. This paper assessed this problem by considering capacity constraints and fixed costs as each facility has different setup cost and capacity limit to serve customers. Previous studies considered profitable areas by dividing continuous space into a discrete number of equal cells to identify optimal locations from a smaller set of promising locations. Unfortunately, it may lead to avoid choosing good locations because unprofitable areas are still considered while locating the facilities. Hence, this allows a significant increment in the transportation costs. Thus, this paper intelligently selected profitable area through a hybridization of enhanced Cell Selection-based Heuristic (CSBH) and Furthest Distance Rule (FDR) to minimize total transportation and fixed costs. The CSBH divides customer distribution into smaller set of promising locations and intelligently selected profitable area to increase possibility of finding better locations, while FDR aims to forbid the new locations of the facilities to be close to the previously selected locations. Numerical experiments tested on well-known benchmark datasets showed that the results of hybrid heuristic outperformed single CSBH and FDR, while producing competitive results when compared with previously published results, apart from significantly improving total transportation cost. The new hybrid heuristic is simple yet effective in solving LAP.
Fuzzy multiple objective fractional optimization in rough approximation and its aptness to the fixed-charge transportation problem
Authors: Midya Sudipta , Kumar Roy Sankar , Wilhelm Weber Gerhard
Published: May 2021

This article presents a multiple objective fractional fixed-charge transportation problem (MFFTP) in a rough decision-making framework. A transformation procedure is modified to convert non-linear multi-objective transportation problem to its linear version. The parameters of the designed model are considered to be fuzzy. We employ separate kinds of fuzzy scale, i.e., possibility, credibility and necessity measures, to deal with the fuzzy parameters. Using the fuzzy chance-constrained rough approximation (FCRA) technique, we extract the more preferable optimal solution from our suggested MFFTP. The initial result is compared with that of the robust ranking (RR) technique. We also use the theory of rough sets for expanding as well as dividing the feasible domain of the MFFTP to accommodate more information by considering two approximations. Employing these approximations, we introduce two variants, namely, the lower approximation (LA) and the upper approximation (UA), of the suggested MFFTP. Finally, by using these models, we provide the optimal solutions for our proposedproblem. We also associate our MFFTP with a real-world example to showcase its applicability as well as performance. Our core concept of this article is that it tackles an MFFTP using two separate kinds of uncertainty and expands its feasible domain for optimal solutions. Optimal solutions of the designed model (obtained from FCRA technique) belong to two separate regions, namely, “surely region” and “possible region”. The optimal solution which belongs to the “surely region” is better (as these are minimum values) than the one in the “possible region” and other cases. An interpretation of our approach along with offers about the intended future research work are provided at last.
Roboter-assistierte Resektion einer symptomatischen Müller-Gang-Zyste
Authors: Siemer Robert große , Pantaleon André , Prinz Christian , Urban Max , Dreger Nici Markus , Degener Stephan , von Rundstedt Friedrich-Carl
Published: May 2021

Zysten im kleinen Becken sind eine seltene Erkrankung, die meist während einer Routinediagnostik als Zufallsbefund festgestellt werden. In der Literatur werden diese Zysten zum Teil kontrovers diskutiert und in Abhängigkeit von ihrer Lokalisation, ihres Zysteninhaltes und eventuell begleitender anatomischer Anomalien in verschiedene Typen unterschieden.

Wir berichten in unserem Fall von einem 33-jährigen gesunden Patienten, der sich wegen einer großen retrovesikalen Zyste in unserer Klinik konsiliarisch vorstellte. Aufgrund von Unterbauchbeschwerden und Problemen bei der Defäkation war die Zyste im Ultraschall beim Hausarzt diagnostiziert worden. In der weiterführenden bildgebenden Diagnostik bestätigte sich eine retrovesikale Zyste unklarer Dignität, die retrospektiv als Müller-Gang-Zyste gewertet wurde. Aufgrund der Symptomatik und malignem Entartungspotential wurde die Indikation zur operativen Sanierung gestellt. Mit Hilfe des Operationsroboter konnte die als histologisch benigne beurteilte Zyste sicher und vollständig entfernt werden. Im Rahmen einer postoperativen Verlaufsuntersuchung zeigte sich sonographisch kein Anhalt für ein Rezidiv. Zudem gab der Patient an frei von Symptomen zu sein. Somit bestätigte sich die Roboter-assistierte Resektion als ein sicheres Verfahren zur Therapie von großen symptomatischen Müller-Gang-Zysten.
Facile, Mild-Temperature Synthesis of Metal-Free Phthalocyanines
Authors: Cong Fangdi , Jiang Hongzhen , Du Xiguang , Zhang Shulin , Yang Wei
Published: May 2021

It is important for the synthesis and research of phthalocyanine compounds for these compounds to be easily obtained at low temperature. We observed that metal-free phthalocyanine was sometimes found in a simple system used to synthesize phthalocyanine precursors at room temperature, and further studies showed that the key to the effective formation of phthalocyanines at low temperature lay in the presence of equal volumes of alcohol and amine, in addition to substrate phthalonitriles and solvents, in the reaction system. A synthetic mechanism was proposed and facile syntheses have been realized, such as the synthesis of tetra-α(β)-nitrophthalocyanines and tetra-α(β)-(4-tert-butylphenoxy)phthalocyanines from the corresponding substituted phthalonitriles at mild temperature (37 °C). The results are significant for the design and synthesis of new phthalocyanine derivatives, and the method is convenient and easy to adopt for general use in standard laboratories.
Synthesis of Dihydropyrrole Derivatives by Oxidative Functionalization of 2-Amino-4H-Chromenes Using Hypervalent Iodine Reagents
Authors: Alla Manjula , Indukuri Divakar Reddy , Potuganti Gal Reddy , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu
Published: May 2021

An efficient simple, metal-free, one-pot protocol for the synthesis of dihydropyrrole derivatives has been achieved via sequential addition of iodobenzenediacetate and secondary amine to 2-amino-4H- pyran derivatives. The one-pot protocol proceeds through tandem oxidative functionalization, rearrangement, and ring contraction to provide an entirely new strategy for the construction of the dihydropyrrole skeleton.
Determinação dos parâmetros anatômicos limítrofes para melhor desfecho funcional da fratura de Colles: Um estudo prospectivo
Authors: Panigrahi Tapasa Kumar , Ray Satyajeet , Mallik Manoranjan , Maharaj Ramesh Chandra , Khatua Jugaratna , Nanda Debi Prasad
Published: May 2021

Objetivo O tratamento da fratura de Colles pode deformar o pulso. Alguns estudos afirmam que essa deformidade raramente dificulta as atividades diárias, enquanto outros relatam o contrário; assim, a redução anatômica é desejável. Nosso objetivo foi analisar os resultados anatômicos e funcionais da fratura de Colles para descobrir os valores de parâmetros individuais correspondentes ao melhor desfecho funcional.

Métodos Este estudo prospectivo incluiu 70 pacientes idosos com fratura de Colles. Todos os pacientes foram tratados de forma conservativa. Os parâmetros anatômicos foram a angulação dorsal, a inclinação radial e a altura radial, avaliados de acordo com Stewart et al. O resultado funcional foi avaliado segundo a tabela de pontuação de pulso Mayo. Os resultados foram analisados por meio do teste de associação do qui-quadrado, considerando o valor de p < 0,001 estatisticamente significativo. A força das associações foi analisada por razões de possibilidades com intervalos de confiança de 95%.

Resultados Excelentes e bons resultados anatômicos e funcionais foram obtidos em 68,5% e 78,5% dos casos, respectivamente, com diferença estatística significativa (p = 0,0009). Dos três parâmetros anatômicos, a angulação dorsal inferior a 10° e a perda da inclinação radial inferior a 9° apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa com os resultados funcionais (p = 0,0006), mas não a perda de altura radial inferior a 6 mm (p = 0,0568); no entanto, a perda da altura radial inferior a 4 mm foi associada de forma significativa aos desfechos funcionais (p = 0,00062).

Conclusão As fraturas com redução anatômica apresentam melhores desfechos funcionais. Os parâmetros anatômicos limítrofes aceitáveis para a obtenção de resultados funcionais excelentes ou bons são angulação dorsal inferior a 10°, perda da inclinação radial inferior a 9° e perda da altura radial inferior a 4 mm.
Isolated Discitis in Melioidosis: An Unknown Presentation and a Microbiological Challenge
Authors: Varma Anoop , Mathew Jacob Eapen , Gopalakrishnan Chittur Viswanathan , Wilson Arun
Published: May 2021

Burkholderia pseudomallei causes Whitmore’s disease or melioidosis which is endemic in many South Asian countries including India. This gram-negative bacterium is frequently found in the moist soil and agricultural workers get infected most commonly. Most of the infections are asymptomatic and have a wide spectrum of manifestations as in tuberculosis. Melioidosis of the spine manifests as spondylodiscitis with paravertebral and prevertebral abscess and presentation as discitis alone is not reported. We report the first case of melioidosis causing isolated discitis without any obvious bony involvement. It also highlights the need for preoperative suspicion of these rare manifestations even in seemingly innocuous disc disease presenting as back pain and radiculopathy.
Polycythemia Vera Presenting as Hemorrhagic Stroke
Authors: Balagopal Krishnan , Mathew Aju , Koshy Ansa Grace , Jacob Jerin Peter
Published: May 2021

Patients with polycythemia vera are at high risk for vaso-occlusive events including cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage. Cerebral ischemic events are due to increased blood viscosity and platelet activation within the central nervous system arterial vessels. We present a case of a 65-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with seizures followed by left-sided weakness. Hematologic investigations revealed a hyperviscous state, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was consistent with bilateral hemorrhagic infarction. Genetic studies were positive for polycythemia vera mutation. Symptoms improved with phlebotomy and antiplatelet agents. Through this case, we aim to highlight polycythemia vera as a cause of hemorrhagic stroke and the importance of blood counts in the routine evaluation of the same.
Ion temperature and rotation fluctuation measurements with ultra-fast charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (UF-CHERS) in the DIII-D tokamak
Authors: Truong D. D. , McKee G. R. , Yan Z. , Jaehnig K. , Winz G. R. , Fonck R. J. , Geiger B.
Published: May 2021

An upgraded detector and several optimizations have significantly improved the Ultra-Fast Charge Exchange Recombination Spectroscopy (UF-CHERS) diagnostic sensitivity to ion temperature and parallel velocity fluctuations at turbulence relevant spatio-temporal scales. Normalized broadband ion temperature and parallel velocity fluctuations down to x̃x∼1% (x = Ti, v∥) and up to ∼450 kHz have been measured in a variety of plasmas. The multi-field nature of the CHERS technique also allows measurements of the cross-phase angles of the fluctuating fields. UF-CHERS is optimized to observe emissions from the electron exchange reaction between intrinsic C6+ and hydrogenic neutral beam injected particles near 529 nm. UF-CHERS consists of two chords separated by ∼1 cm radially, less than the turbulence correlation length in DIII-D plasmas, which enables correlated measurements to suppress incoherent electronic and photon noise. The optical components of the spectrometer include a volume-phase-holographic grating with >90% transmission between 528 and 530 nm and f/2 200-mm lenses, selected to maximize the optical efficiency and photon flux. Diffracted light from each chord is collected in eight spectral bins, each with a bandwidth of ∼0.25 nm, and detected and amplified by chilled avalanche photodiodes and custom high-gain, wide bandwidth low-noise preamplifiers to achieve the optimal signal-to-noise ratio. The resulting signals are digitized at 1 MHz, 103–104× faster than the conventional CHERS diagnostics. Spatial coverage is achieved by repositioning a motorized fiber tray between plasmas. UF-CHERS measurements will advance the understanding of turbulent ion transport and contribute to the validation of transport models and simulations.
Revisiting the strong shock problem: Converging and diverging shocks in different geometries
Authors: Modelevsky Elisha , Sari Re'em
Published: May 2021

Self-similar solutions to converging (implosions) and diverging (explosions) shocks have been studied before, in planar, cylindrical, or spherical symmetry. Here, we offer a unified treatment of these apparently disconnected problems. We study the flow of an ideal gas with adiabatic index γ with initial density ρ∼r−ω, containing a strong shock wave. We characterize the self-similar solutions in the entirety of the parameter space γ,ω and draw the connections between the different geometries. We find that only type II self-similar solutions are valid in converging shocks, and that in some cases, a converging shock might not create a reflected shock after its convergence. Finally, we derive analytical approximations for the similarity exponent in the entirety of parameter space.
Dynamics of two coaxially rising gas bubbles
Authors: Kumar Adarsh , Ray Bahni , Biswas Gautam
Published: May 2021

In this study, the coalescence dynamics of two unequal sized vertically inline bubbles rising in a liquid column have been investigated using the coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid (CLSVOF) method. A wide range of bubble radius ratios of trailing bubble and leading bubble (0.25≤R≤2.0) and separation distances between the bubbles (2.5≤S≤3.5) have been deployed to investigate the evolution of the bubble wakes and bubble shapes. It is discovered that the coalescence time increases with R, the maxima being around 0.75≤R≤1, and then it decreases. With the increase in S, the coalescence time gradually increases. The existence of a pair of counter-rotating vortex rings has been observed between the bubbles, which are seen to accelerate the bubble coalescence process. For the present range of R and S, we show a regime map with four distinct coalescence pathways: coalescence with liquid entrapment, coalescence without liquid entrapment, penetration of the leading bubble, and premature splitting of the trailing bubble.
Reduction of monomeric friction coefficient for linear isotactic polypropylene melts in very fast uniaxial extensional flow
Authors: Zatloukal Martin , Drabek Jiri
Published: May 2021

For the first time, the monomeric friction coefficient for fully aligned chains, ζaligned, was determined for three linear isotactic polypropylene melts (iPP) using a high-strain-rate limiting value of uniaxial extensional viscosity, ηE,U,∞, obtained from our recent experimental data [Drabek and Zatloukal, Phys. Fluids 32(8), 083110 (2020)] and expression relating ηE,U,∞ with ζaligned, which was derived for a fully stretched Fraenkel chain [Ianniruberto et al., Macromolecules 53(13), 5023–5033 (2020)]. It was found that the obtained ζaligned value is lower by a factor of 2.9–5.0 (or even by a factor of 8.7–16.5 if the effect of polydispersity is included) compared to the equilibrium friction coefficient, ζeq, defined according to Doi and Edwards. This strongly supports recent arguments from rheological data and molecular simulations that a reduction in the friction coefficient must be considered in order to understand dynamics of polymer melts in very fast flows.
Numerical simulation of adiabatic/cooled/heated spherical particles with Stefan flow in supercritical water
Authors: Wang Yingdong , Wang Huibo , Jin Hui , Guo Liejin
Published: May 2021

When droplets or particles are in complex fluid-temperature-environment conditions, the spatial variation in temperature-dependent properties affects the overall particle-laden flow behavior. Particularly, in a high-temperature environment, the components on the particle surface are heated and volatilize to form a mass flow, named the Stefan flow, that influences the mass, momentum, and energy transfer between particles and the fluid. For supercritical fluids, small changes in temperature and pressure cause substantial changes in thermophysical properties. Hence, in this work, we study the characteristics of supercritical water flowing past an adiabatic/cooled/heated sphere for Re = 10–200 with and without Stefan flow. The three-dimensional numerical simulations that are conducted consider the exact water thermophysical properties. The flow field, the Nusselt number (Nu), the drag coefficient (Cd), and the velocity and temperature distribution around the particle are analyzed. The results demonstrate that the vortex is strongly influenced by the variation in viscosity near the particle. The Cd and Nu values of the cooled and heated spheres show different deviations in different conditions. The influence of Stefan flow cannot be ignored as it increases the vortex size and decreases both Cd and Nu. Finally, the effect of Stefan flow on both Cd and Nu of the cooled sphere is greater than that of the heated sphere.
Tau forms oligomeric complexes on microtubules that are distinct from tau aggregates
Authors: Gyparaki Melina Theoni , Arab Arian , Sorokina Elena M. , Santiago-Ruiz Adriana N. , Bohrer Christopher H. , Xiao Jie , Lakadamyali Melike
Published: May 2021

Significance

Tau is a neuronal protein whose aggregation is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases collectively known as tauopathies. Due to a lack of suitable tools, discriminating small, pathological tau aggregates from physiological tau within cells has been difficult. Using super-resolution microscopy, we show that tau forms dimers and trimers on microtubules ex vivo. These dimeric/trimeric tau complexes are distinct from tau aggregates formed in a cell model of frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. Machine learning–based classification further shows that hyperphosphorylation of specific tau residues is associated with the formation of distinct tau aggregates. Our approach opens the door to detecting pathological tau oligomers in disease and to screening for drugs that can disrupt these pathological oligomers.
One-step electrodeposition of CuSCN/CuI nanocomposite and its hole transport-ability in inverted planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Ramachandran Kaliappan , Jeganathan Chellamuthu , Subbian Karuppuchamy
Published: May 2021

The synthesis of CuSCN/CuI nanocomposite by single-step electrodeposition is developed. The surface morphology and film thickness are controlled by changing the electrochemical potential and deposition time. The mixed-phase formation of CuSCN/CuI is confirmed through x-ray diffraction and Raman spectral analysis. Nanopetal (NP) like morphology of CuSCN/CuI is observed in FESEM micrographs. Interestingly, the NPs density and thickness are increased with increasing the deposition potential and time. The device fabricated using CuSCN/CuI nanocomposite as a hole transport layer (HTL) which is grown for 2 min delivers the best photovoltaic performance. The maximum power conversion efficiency of 18.82% is observed for CuSCN/CuI NP with a density of 1153 μm−2 and thickness of 142 nm. The charge transfer ability of the CuSCN/CuI NP HTL is analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Based on the observation, moderate charge transport resistance and optimum film thickness are required for achieving maximum photovoltaic performance in perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Thus, the developed CuSCN/CuI NP HTL is a potential candidate for PVSCs.