bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solving the Single-Valued Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Transportation Problems through the Novel Dhouib-Matrix-TP1 Heuristic
Authors: Dhouib Souhail
Published: November 2021

The transportation problem has been widely studied in the field of supply chain management where circulation of products with a minimal transportation cost is an important issue. This paper presents the first adaptation of the Dhouib-Matrix-TP1 heuristic to solve the transportation problem in single-valued trapezoidal neutrosophic environment. Hence, the recently developed Dhouib-Matrix-TP1 heuristic is enriched with two functions to solve the neutrosophic transportation problem. On the one hand, a defuzzification function is exploited in order to convert the single-valued trapezoidal neutrosophic numbers to crisp numbers. On the other hand, an original metric function (Average-Min) is proposed with the intention of performing the nodes selection process. With an illustration from a literature example, we show to the decision maker the multiple advantages of the novel heuristic Dhouib-Matrix-TP1 which can be easily implemented in real-life industrial transportation under neutrosophic environment.
Surface Waves Analysis of Efficient Underwater Radio-Based Wireless Link
Authors: Rauf Muhammad , Jamil Atif , Dawood Idrees Muhammad , Ansari Arsalan , Sami Abdul
Published: November 2021

The domain of underwater wireless communication (UWC) link is gaining much attention due to an increase in various underwater activities such as offshore hydrocarbon exploration, underwater unmanned vehicles (UUV), and military practices. Increased bandwidth and a reliable data link are mainly required for such activities. Both requirements of the domain are heavily affected by the highly conductive property of the seawater. This paper demonstrates the performance evaluation of radiofrequency-UWC, focusing on surface wave analysis, to propose a reliable solution for offshore activities. A constructive interference scheme can be useful due to the sharp difference in the properties of the two mediums (air and seawater). To that end, an experimental setup is created, and a corresponding finite element method (FEM) based simulation of the radio-based wireless link is run. This is because it has higher bandwidth and speed than acoustic and optical approaches. A conduction current mechanism transmits and receives data in a synthetic water tank containing a prepared conductive media (saltwater). The study of changing depths of transmitter-receiver nodes in saltwater shows that surface waves cause significant noise reception in shallow water (less than dipole length, below water level). During a series of experiments in the tank, the lowest bit error rate (BER) is observed only when the node’s submerged height was greater than dipole length. As a result, it is meant to provide a genuine data channel model. The discovery and analysis will aid in the development of a dependable underwater data link, with applications including short-range diver-to-diver communication, and UUV capability.
Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in HIV-Positive Women with HPV Coinfection: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Machado de Carvalho Mônika , Donato Fook Karina , José Abigail Mendes Araújo Maria , Janayna Araújo Guimarães Sulayne , Penha Abreu Souza Camila , Déa Trindade Barbosa Carla , Cléa Cutrim Diniz de Morais Ana , Costa de Sales Muniz Alessandra , Rocha de Araújo Deborah , Bezerra Lima Bertolaccini Maria Fernanda , Kassandra Pereira Belfort Ilka , de Souza Andrade Marcelo , Cristina Moutinho Monteiro Sally
Published: November 2021

Objective. The present study aimed to evaluate the lipid profile and atherogenic indexes in HIV-positive women with and without coinfection with human papillomavirus. Methods. Preliminary study was conducted with HIV-positive women. Laboratory tests (lipid profile, glycid profile, and atherogenic indexes) and detection of human papillomavirus (nested PCR technique using PGMY 09 and 11 primers, GP+5, and GP+6) were performed. For the analysis of the results, the data were categorized into two groups: with coinfection (HIV+/HPV+) and without coinfection (HIV+/HPV–). Results. Eighty-two HIV-positive women, aged between 35 and 49 years, participated in this study among whom 50% had HPV coinfection (HIV+/HPV+). Regarding comorbidities, there was a predominance of dyslipidemia (46.3%). The analysis of laboratory determinations and atherogenic indexes showed statistical relevance in the serum concentrations of total cholesterol (

p
=
0.04

), LDL cholesterol (

p
=
0.03

), and non-HDL cholesterol (

p
=
0.04

), as well as for the Castelli I index, Castelli II index, and atherogenic coefficient (

p
=
0.04

, 0.04, and 0.03, respectively). Conclusion. The present study demonstrated a correlation between the lipid profile and atherogenic indexes with HIV/HPV coinfection, demonstrating a possible synergy between these viruses. However, further studies in this area must be carried out.
Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Status Monitoring Based on sEMG
Authors: Han Xue , Zhao Yan , Wang Feng , Liu Zun
Published: November 2021

The reduction and improper movements in people’s modern life will lead to physical discomfort, pain, and inflammation, which have generally affected the quality of people’s daily life and work efficiency. The pain caused by improper movements are called musculoskeletal pain, which can be relieved or eliminated with treatment. Musculoskeletal disorders are actually one of the most common medical conditions, which affects approximately one quarter of all adults in the world. Although surface electromyography (sEMG) is an acknowledged technology in musculoskeletal rehabilitation study, it is considerably significant to monitor the musculoskeletal rehabilitation status based on sEMG. In order to monitor the musculoskeletal rehabilitation status, we combine fuzzy theory with neural network. This article proposes variable size, sliding window-based, generalized, dynamic, fuzzy neural network (GD-FNN), musculoskeletal rehabilitation status monitoring, that is, the window length of sliding window of sample data changes with the size of sample period. Finally, this study made a simulation on subjects, and the experimental results show that the proposed variable size, sliding window-based GD-FNN, musculoskeletal rehabilitation status monitoring method not only has good monitoring effect but also put on a good performance in root-mean-squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE).
Diagnostic Accuracy and Usability of the ECG247 Smart Heart Sensor Compared to Conventional Holter Technology
Authors: Sandberg Edvard Liljedahl , Grenne Bjørnar Leangen , Berge Trygve , Grimsmo Jostein , Atar Dan , Halvorsen Sigrun , Fensli Rune , Jortveit Jarle
Published: November 2021

Background. Heart rhythm disorders, especially atrial fibrillation (AF), are increasing global health challenges. Conventional diagnostic tools for assessment of rhythm disorders suffer from limited availability, limited test duration time, and usability challenges. There is also a need for out-of-hospital investigation of arrhythmias. Therefore, the Norwegian ECG247 Smart Heart Sensor has been developed to simplify the assessment of heart rhythm disorders. The current study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and usability of the ECG247 Smart Heart Sensor compared to conventional Holter monitors. Methods. Parallel tests with ECG247 Smart Heart Sensor and a Holter monitor were performed in 151 consecutive patients referred for out-of-hospital long-term ECG recording at Sorlandet Hospital Arendal, Norway. All ECG data were automatically analysed by both systems and evaluated by hospital physicians. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire scoring usability parameters after the test. Results. A total of 150 patients (62% men, age 54 (±17) years) completed the study. The ECG quality from both monitors was considered satisfactory for rhythm analysis in all patients. AF was identified in 9 (6%) patients during the period with parallel tests. The diagnostic accuracy for automatic AF detection was 95% (95% CI 91–98) for the ECG247 Smart Heart Sensor and 81% (95% CI 74–87) for the Holter system. The proportion of false-positive AF was 4% in tests analysed by the ECG247 algorithm and 16% in tests analysed by the Holter algorithm. Other arrhythmias were absent/rare. The system usability score was significantly better for ECG247 Smart Heart Sensor compared to traditional Holter technology (score 87.4 vs. 67.5,

p
<
0.001

). Conclusions. The ECG247 Smart Heart Sensor showed at least comparable diagnostic accuracy for AF and improved usability compared to conventional Holter technology. ECG247 allows for prolonged monitoring and may improve detection of AF. This trial is registered with https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04700865.
A Novel Biocompatible Herbal Extract‐Loaded Hydrogel for Acne Treatment and Repair
Authors: Lin Ying-Yi , Lu Shu-Hsu , Gao Rong , Kuo Chia-Hung , Chung Wen-Hisn , Lien Wei-Chih , Wu Ching-Chou , Diao Yong , Wang Hui-Min David
Published: November 2021

A novel herbal extract‐loaded gel containing several biofunctional extracts, including green tea, Zingiber officinale Rosc, Phyllanthus emblica, and salicylic acid, was developed for acne vulgaris. These natural raw materials were blended with suitable dosages of gelatin and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to produce a biocompatible herbal gel. The physical chemistry properties of the hydrogel were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), rheometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the hydrogel showed good mechanical and morphological characteristics. The herbal extract‐loaded hydrogel mimicked extracellular matrix properties and showed good antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties and various advantages, serving as a potential wound dressing material because of its high moisture retention ability, wound exudate absorption behavior, and biocompatibility. It exhibited moderate‐high antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory qualities that were important for dermis wound closure. The clinical trial results showed that most patients experienced moderate to high healing rates, and four of twenty‐four individuals (16.67%) had recovery area ratios greater than 80%. This herbal extract‐loaded hydrogel has effective ingredients and excellent mechanical properties as a bioactive dressing agent for acne treatment.
Clinical Pilot Study of Rectal Suppository Containing Combined Extract of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. and Acmella paniculata (Wall ex. DC.) R. K. Jansen in Acute Hemorrhoids
Authors: Niwatananun Kanokporn , Niwatananun Wirat , Piyamongkol Sirivipa , Hongwiset Darunee , Ruengorn Chidchanok , Koyratkoson Kiatkriangkrai , Sirisa-ard Panee , Chansakaow Sunee , Yotsawimonwat Songwut , Saenjum Chalermpong , Phrutivorapongkul Ampai , Charumanee Suporn
Published: November 2021

Background. Cissus quadrangularis Linn. (CQ) is a medicinal plant with good evidence for the treatment of hemorrhoids, listed in the Thai National List of Herbal Products in the oral dosage form. Acmella paniculata (Wall ex. DC.) R. K. Jansen. (AP) is a medicinal plant with a local anesthetic effect. Objective. To investigate the potential of rectal suppositories containing CQ and AP extracts to alleviate symptoms of hemorrhoids compared with the commercialized rectal suppository containing hydrocortisone and cinchocaine. Materials and Methods. Hemorrhoid outpatients (n = 105) with different severity grades (I, II, or III) from eight hospitals in northern Thailand were included in this study. Hemorrhoid severity was graded by proctoscopy associated with either anal pain or bleeding related to hemorrhoids or both. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups: CQ-AP group (n = 52) or the commercialized rectal suppository group (n = 53). One suppository was rectally administered twice daily in the morning and at bedtime for seven days. Evaluations were performed by physicians on days 1, 4, and 8 of the study. The primary endpoints were bleeding and prolapse size, while the secondary endpoint was anal pain. Results. Baseline demographics, lifestyle, constipation, number of prolapses, grade of hemorrhoid severity, and duration of experiencing hemorrhoids were comparable in both groups of patients. The effects of CQ-AP and the commercialized rectal suppository on bleeding, prolapse size, and anal pain were comparable. The patients in both groups were satisfied with both products at comparable levels and stated a preference for further use in the case of hemorrhoids recurrence. In terms of safety, the patients in the commercialized rectal suppository group experienced a higher incidence of adverse events, including anal pain and bleeding. Conclusion. Rectal suppositories containing a combined extract of CQ and AP show potential in alleviating hemorrhoidal symptoms with a good safety profile.
Selection of Efficient Parameter Estimation Method for Two-Parameter Weibull Distribution
Authors: Almazah Mohammed M. A. , Ismail Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Several studies have considered various scheduling methods and reliability functions to determine the optimum maintenance time. These methods and functions correspond to the lowest cost by using the maximum likelihood estimator to evaluate the model parameters. However, this paper aims to estimate the parameters of the two-parameter Weibull distribution (α, β). The maximum likelihood estimation method, modified linear exponential loss function, and Wyatt-based regression method are used for the estimation of the parameters. Minimum mean square error (MSE) criterion is used to evaluate the relative efficiency of the estimators. The comparison of the different parameter estimation methods is conducted, and the efficiency of these methods is observed, both mathematically and experimentally. The simulation study is conducted for comparison of samples sizes (10, 50, 100, 150) based on the mean square error (MSE). It is concluded that the maximum likelihood method was found to be the most efficient method for all sample sizes used in the research because it achieved the least MSE compared with other methods.
Wireless Passive High‐Temperature Sensor Readout System for Rotational‐Speed Measurement
Authors: Hong Yingping , Jia Pengyu , Guan Xihao , Xiong Jijun , Liu Wenyi , Zhang Huixin , Li Chen
Published: November 2021

Rotational‐speed measurement in harsh environments is an important topic. However, the high rotation results in rapid frequency variations in the signals of a sensor and changes in physical properties under extreme thermal circumstances cause significant difficulties in reading signals. To address this problem, we adopt wireless passive measurement methods to design a special characteristic signal circuit module that achieves precise measurement of rotational speed at high temperatures. The sensor and the readout system include a variable frequency source, a readout antenna, and a radio frequency demodulation circuit. Herein, a demodulation detector of the signal conversion circuit is designed and used in the envelope detection module of the single sideband demodulation method. In addition, a conversion circuit test platform for high‐temperature environment sensor signal is developed. From the testing, the output signal demodulation of the sensor was observed under a maximum temperature of 700°C with error less than 0.12%. The new sensor and measurement method do not require physical leads and achieve wireless noncontact accurate measurement of rotational speed at high temperature.
Research on News Recommendation System Based on Deep Network and Personalized Needs
Authors: Zhang Weijia , Ling Feng
Published: November 2021

In order to solve the problems of poor performance of the recommendation system caused by not considering the needs of users in the process of news recommendation, a news recommendation system based on deep network and personalized needs is proposed. Firstly, it analyzes the news needs of users, which is the basis of designing the system. The functions of the system module mainly include the network function module, database module, user management module, and news recommendation module. Among them, the user management module uses the deep network to set the user news interest model, inputs the news data into the model, completes the personalized needs of the news, and realizes the design of the news recommendation system. The experimental results show that the proposed system has good effect and certain advantages.
Harnessing Therapeutic Potentials of Statins Using Nanofibrous Carriers
Authors: Ataei Mahshid , Roufogalis Basil D. , Kesharwani Prashant , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: November 2021

Statins are a wide category of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor drugs extensively prescribed for hypercholesterolemia. In fact, many studies showed beneficial effects of these agents on a variety of related illnesses, which include increased atherosclerotic plaque stability, decreased proliferation of vascular smooth muscle, platelet aggregation, the dampening of vascular inflammation, and also anabolic effects on bone tissue. Therefore, these drugs are considered as pleiotropic agents having different clinical applications other than those for which they were initially developed. Controlled drug delivery is an efficient way of delivery in tissue engineering. Amongst different controlled release formulations, nanofibers are a novel, alternative, widely used agent because of their unique properties. These include their sustained release of drug, a high drug-loading capacity, flexible shapes with a high surface-to-volume ratio, and superior porosity. Electrospinning is an economic and a simple method employed to produce nanofibers. In this report, studies related to statin nanofiber applications have been reviewed and their results have been summarized. Four different applications of statin nanofibers have been reported, including bone generation, endothelial stenosis and thrombosis, peripheral nerve injury, and anti-inflammatory action. Studies carried out both in vitro and in vivo showed effectiveness of statins in bone healing, aneurysm, and the healing of sciatic nerve injury. In addition, statins showed apoptosis effects and anti-inflammatory effects, with dose-dependent reduction of IL-6 and dose-independent reduction of TNF-α. Despite these promising results, validation via clinical trials is yet to be performed. The scope of statins in their pleiotropic range of actions is still not completely explored, and studies are still needed to enlighten different useful aspects of such drugs.
Interrater and Intrarater Reliability of Electrical Impedance Myography: A Comparison between Large and Small Handheld Electrode Arrays
Authors: Hu Huijing , Lo Wai Leung Ambrose , Wang Xiaoyun , Li Le , Zhou Ping
Published: November 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the interrater and intrarater reliability of electrical impedance myography (EIM) using handheld sensors of different sizes. Electrical impedance myography of the biceps brachii muscle of twenty healthy individuals was performed by two raters using both large and small sensors. The procedures were also repeated 5 to 8 days after the first recording session. The repeatability of the resistance, reactance, and phase angle at two different current frequencies (50 and 100 kHz) was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The ICCs of the large sensor were higher than those of the small sensor for both the intrarater and interrater reliabilities. High-frequency current tended to improve the ICC for the small sensor. These results indicate reasonable repeatability of the handheld electrode arrays for EIM measurements. The findings suggest that electrode array should be selected appropriately according to the size of the tested muscle.
Graphical Optimization Method for Symmetrical Bidirectional Corridor Progression
Authors: Lu Kai , Jiang Shuyan , Zhao Yiming , Lin Yongjie , Wang Yinhai
Published: November 2021

The graphical progression method can obtain grand coordinated schemes with minimal computational complexity. However, there is no standardized solution for this method, and only a few related studies have been found thus far. Therefore, based on the in-depth discussion of the graphical optimization theory mechanism, a process-oriented and high-efficiency graphical method for symmetrical bidirectional corridor progression is proposed in this study. A two-round rotation transformation optimization process of the progression trajectory characteristic lines (PTC lines) is innovatively proposed. By establishing the updated judgment criteria for coordinated mode, the first round of PTC line rotation transformation realizes the optimization of coordinated modes and initial offsets. Giving the conditions for stopping rotation transformation and determining rotation points, rotation directions, and rotation angles, the second round of PTC line rotation transformation achieves the final optimization of the common signal cycle and offsets. The case study shows that the proposed graphical method can obtain the optimal progression effect through regular graphing and solving, although it can also be solved by highly efficient programming.
Jintiange Capsule May Have a Positive Effect on Pain Relief and Functional Activity in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Yan Zijian , Li Jiahao , He Xiaoming , Wang Zifeng , Fan Yinuo , Xiao Jiacong , Mo Liang , Wang Sheng
Published: November 2021

Background. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) occurs frequently in the elderly and causes pain, especially when they walk. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment is effective in releasing knee osteoarthritis. Jintiange (JTG) capsule is widely used in treating knee osteoarthritis, but its clinical effects such as pain relief are still unclear. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the clinical results systematically and negative effects of JTG capsule in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods. A meta-analysis of clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on JTG capsule treatment was carried out in KOA patients. The search time was from the establishment of the database to May 2021. The database included PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science database, Chinese Biomedical database (CBM), Chinese VIP information, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and WanFang database. The outcome indicators were extracted from the included literature and analyzed, and the risk of bias was assessed through Cochrane Handbook 5.0.1. Results. Twenty-two articles analyzed in this study involved 1887 patients. JTG capsule used alone or used with other interventions affects total effective rate significantly (RR: 1.19; 95% Cl: 1.11, 1.29;

P
=
0.045

), VAS score (SMD: −0.74; 95% Cl: −0.90, −0.59;

P
≤
0.001

), WOMAC score (SMD: −0.77; 95% Cl: −0.96, −0.59;

P
≤
0.001

), and Lequesne score (SMD: −0.82; 95% Cl: −1.02, −0.61;

P
=
0.010

). Conclusion. Our current evidence indicated that JTG capsule may release the pain of KOA patients and improve their functional activity. However, considering the unsatisfactory quality of the included trials, more high-quality trials are needed to prove this issue.
Role of Episamarcandin in Promoting the Apoptosis of Human Colon Cancer HCT116 Cells through the PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Haiying , Sun Jianan , Ma Ruoting , Zhao Shengjun
Published: November 2021

This study identifies the active ingredients of Ferula sinkiangensis and investigates the role and mechanism of episamarcandin in colon cancer cells. The silica gel column chromatography was utilized to separate the chemical components of Ferula sinkiangensis. Sephadex LH-20 and semipreparative HPLC were adopted for further separation and purification. The compound episamarcandin showed good anticolon cancer activity among the 13 monomeric compounds obtained. Its effects on the apoptosis, cell cycle, and invasion and migration of colon cancer HCT 116 cells and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were further investigated. The results showed that, similar to positive control cisplatin, episamarcandin inhibited the proliferation, promoted the apoptosis, arrested cells at G0/G1 phase, and suppressed migration and invasion of HCT 116 cells. A large number of apoptotic HCT 116 cells were observed under a transmission electron microscope. Fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR and western blot analysis showed that episamarcandin increased the expression of PTEN, p53, and Bax and decreased the expression of P-Akt, Akt, mTOR, Bcl-xl, and Bcl-2. Conclusively, episamarcandin may inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promote the apoptosis of human colon cancer HCT 116 cells possibly through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
Research on Fuzzy Plastic Constitutive Model Based on Membership Function
Authors: Wang Xigang , Jin Liling , Fu Mingfu
Published: November 2021

Soil has no obvious yield point, and the classical elastoplastic theory contradicts the uncertainty of the plastic yield point of the soil. Therefore, a fuzzy plastic Cambridge model based on the membership function was designed by combining the fuzzy mathematics with the Cambridge model. This model made the plastic membership function to correspond with the fuzzy yield function. The plastic strain at any stress state was calculated using the fuzzy Cambridge model and was compared with the indoor triaxial test results, and they were in good agreement. Therefore, it is appropriate to use fuzzy mathematics to express the unobvious soil yield property. The characteristics of soil yield in any stress state is reflected by the fuzzy plastic theory, which indicates that there is entirely no elasticity at any stress state. Moreover, the varying degrees of plasticity and the degree of plastic yield were uniquely determined by the plastic membership function. The fuzzy plastic model used the membership function change to replace the complex hardening. Additionally, the cyclic loading path was clear and appropriate for the cyclic loading and unloading calculations.
Qing Yan Li Ge Tang, a Chinese Herbal Formula, Induces Autophagic Cell Death through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells In Vitro
Authors: Yang Ching-Huey , Tung Kuo-Lung , Wu Yen-Ting , Liu Cheng , Lin Sheng-Chieh , Yang Chun-Chuan , Wu Chin-Han , Chang Hong-Yi , Wu Shih-Yi , Huang Bu-Miin , Lan Yu-Yan
Published: November 2021

Since a portion of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) do not benefit much from current standard treatments, it is still needed to discover new therapeutic drugs to improve the prognosis of the patients. Considering that Chinese traditional medicine plays a role in inhibiting tumor progression, in this study, we aimed to investigate whether a Chinese herbal formula, Qing Yan Li Ge Tang (QYLGT), has the anticancer activity in NPC cells and explore the underlying mechanism as well. MTT assay, colony formation assay, immunoblotting assay, and DNA laddering assay were performed to assess cell viability, cell colony formation, protein expression, and DNA fragmentation, respectively. Results show that QYLGT was able to inhibit the cell viability and decrease colony formation ability in NPC cells. QYLGT could also increase the formation of intracellular vacuoles and induce the autophagy-related protein expressions, including Atg3, Atg6, and Atg12-Atg5 conjugate in NPC cells. Treatment with an autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, could significantly recover QYLGT-inhibited cell viability of NPC cells. In addition, QYLGT did not significantly induce apoptosis in NPC cells. We also found that QYLGT had the ability to activate phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Treatment with PI3K inhibitors, LY294002 and wortmannin, or mTOR inhibitors, rapamycin and Torin 1, could not only recover QYLGT-inhibited cell viability of NPC cells but also inhibit Atg3 expression. Taken together, our results demonstrated that QYLGT could induce autophagic cell death in NPC cells through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
Evaluation Method of the Vertical Well Hydraulic Fracturing Effect Based on Production Data
Authors: Xia Debin , Yang Zhengming , Li Daolun , Zhang Yapu , He Ying , Luo Yutian , Zhang Anshun , Wang Wenming , Zhao Xinli
Published: November 2021

Hydraulic fracturing technology has become a key technology for the development of low-permeability/tight oil and gas reservoirs. The evaluation on the postfracturing effect is imperative to the formulation and implementation of the fracturing and development plan. Based on the characteristics of the flow in fracture network after a large-scale hydraulic fracturing, a numerical method for evaluating the effect of fracturing in vertical well was established. This study conducts postfracturing effect evaluations to block C Oilfield’s wells that underwent conventional fracturing and volumetric fracturing, respectively, proposes the definition of fracture network conductivity and its relationship with cumulative production, and analyzes the fracturing construction parameters. The results suggest that the conventional fracturing can only form a single fracture instead of a stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) region. However, the volumetric fracturing transformation can form a complex fracture network system and SRV region and meanwhile bring obvious increase in the production. The effective time lasts for a longer period, and the increase of average daily oil is 2.2 times more than that of conventional fracturing. Additionally, with the progress of the production, the SRV area within the core region of the volume transformation gradually decreased from 6664.84 m2 to 4414.45 m2; the SRV area of the outer region decreased from 7913.5 m2 to 5391.3 m2. As the progress develops, the equivalent permeability and the area of the fracture gradually decrease as the fracturing effect gradually weakens, and so does the conductivity of the network decreasing exponentially; a good correlation is observed between the conductivity of the fracture network, the cumulative production, and fracturing construction parameters, which can serve as the evaluation parameters for the fracturing effects and the basis for fracturing productivity prediction and provide a guidance for fracturing optimization design.
NRF2 Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects in LPS-Induced gEECs by Inhibiting the Activation of the NF-κB
Authors: Bao Hongchu , Qu Qinglan , Zhang Wei , Wang Xinrong , Fang Jianye , Xue Jinwen , Liu Zhenteng , He Shunzhi
Published: November 2021

Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) plays an anti-inflammatory role in several pathological processes, but its function in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced goat endometrial epithelial cells (gEECs) is still unknown. We designed a study to investigate the function of NRF2 in LPS-induced gEECs. LPS was found to increase the NRF2 expression and the nuclear abundance of NRF2 in gEECs in a dose-dependent manner. NRF2 knockout (KO) not only increased the expression of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) but also increased the expression of TLR4, p-IκBα/IκBα, and p-p65/p65 proteins. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that NRF2 directly binds to p65 in the nucleus and inhibits the binding of p65 to downstream target genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8). Even though a NF-κB/p65 inhibitor (PDTC) reduced the LPS-induced NRF2 expression and nuclear abundance of NRF2, overexpressing TNF-α reversed the inhibitory effects of PDTC on the NRF2 expression and on its abundance in the nucleus. Similarly, knockdown of the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, or IL-8) significantly decreased the LPS-induced NRF2 expression and NRF2 in the nucleus. In conclusion, our data suggest that proinflammatory cytokines induced by LPS through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway promote the NRF2 expression and its translocation into the nucleus. Our work also suggests that NRF2 inhibits the expression of proinflammatory cytokines by directly binding to p65.
BMSC-Derived Exosomes Ameliorate Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting Pyroptosis of Cartilage via Delivering miR-326 Targeting HDAC3 and STAT1//NF-κB p65 to Chondrocytes
Authors: Xu Honggang , Xu Bin
Published: November 2021

Background. In the past decade, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), and noncoding RNAs in exosomes may play a major role. Aim. The present study is aimed at exploring the effect and mechanism of miR-326 in exosomes secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on pyroptosis of cartilage and OA improvement. Methods. Exosomes from BMSCs (BMSC-Exos) were isolated and identified to incubate with OA chondrocytes. Proliferation, migration, specific gene and miR-326 expression, and pyroptosis of chondrocytes were detected. BMSCs or chondrocytes were transfected with miR-326 mimics or inhibitors to investigate the effect of miR-326 in BMSC-Exos on pyroptosis of chondrocytes and the potential mechanism. Finally, a rat OA model was established to verify the effect and mechanism of miR-326 in BMSC-Exos on cartilage of pyroptosis. Results. Incubation with BMSC-Exos could significantly improve the survival rate, migration ability, and chondrocyte-specific genes (COL2A1, SOX9, Agg, and Prg4) and miR-326 expression of OA chondrocytes and significantly inhibit pyroptosis of chondrocytes by downregulation of the levels of inflammatory cytokines, Caspase-1 activity, and pyroptosis-related proteins such as GSDMD, NLRP3, ASC, IL-1β, and IL-18 (

P
<
0.01

). PKH26 labeling confirmed the uptake of BMSC-Exos by chondrocytes. Incubation with exosomes extracted from BMSCs overexpressing miR-326 can significantly repress the pyroptosis of chondrocytes, while knockdown of miR-326 had the opposite effect (

P
<
0.01

). The same result was also demonstrated by direct interference with the expression level of miR-326 in chondrocytes (

P
<
0.01

). In addition, we found that the overexpression of miR-326 significantly inhibited the expression of HDAC3 and NF-κB p65 and significantly promoted the expression of STAT1, acetylated STAT1, and acetylated NF-κB p65 in chondrocytes (

P
<
0.01

). The targeted relationship between miR-326 and HDAC3 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Animal experiments confirmed the mechanism by which miR-326 delivered by BMSC-Exos inhibits pyroptosis of cartilage by targeting HDAC3 and STAT1/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway. Conclusion. BMSC-Exos can deliver miR-326 to chondrocytes and cartilage and improve OA by targeting HDAC3 and STAT1//NF-κB p65 to inhibit pyroptosis of chondrocytes and cartilage. Our findings provide a new mechanism for BMSC-Exos to treat OA.
Postdiagnosis BMI Change Is Associated with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Survival
Authors: Yuan Qianyu , Du Mulong , Loehrer Elizabeth , Johnson Bruce E. , Gainor Justin F. , Lanuti Michael , Li Yi , Christiani David C.
Published: November 2021

Background:

Body mass index (BMI) change after a lung cancer diagnosis has been associated with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survival. This study aimed to quantify the association based on a large-scale observational study.

Methods:

Included in the study were 7,547 patients with NSCLC with prospectively collected BMI data from Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Cox proportional hazards regression with time-dependent covariates was used to estimate effect of time-varying postdiagnosis BMI change rate (% per month) on overall survival (OS), stratified by clinical subgroups. Spline analysis was conducted to quantify the nonlinear association. A Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis with a total of 3,495 patients further validated the association.

Results:

There was a J-shape association between postdiagnosis BMI change and OS among patients with NSCLC. Specifically, a moderate BMI decrease [0.5–2.0; HR = 2.45; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.25–2.67] and large BMI decrease (≥2.0; HR = 4.65; 95% CI, 4.15–5.20) were strongly associated with worse OS, whereas moderate weight gain (0.5–2.0) reduced the risk for mortality (HR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.68–0.89) and large weight gain (≥2.0) slightly increased the risk of mortality without reaching statistical significance (HR = 1.10; 95% CI, 0.86–1.42). MR analyses supported the potential causal roles of postdiagnosis BMI change in survival.

Conclusions:

This study indicates that BMI change after diagnosis was associated with mortality risk.

Impact:

Our findings, which reinforce the importance of postdiagnosis BMI surveillance, suggest that weight loss or large weight gain may be unwarranted.
Triple Targeting of Breast Tumors Driven by Hormonal Receptors and HER2
Authors: Shagisultanova Elena , Crump Lyndsey S. , Borakove Michelle , Hall Jessica K. , Rasti Aryana R. , Harrison Benjamin A. , Kabos Peter , Lyons Traci R. , Borges Virginia F.
Published: November 2021

Breast cancers that express hormonal receptors (HR) and HER2 display resistance to targeted therapy. Tumor-promotional signaling from the HER2 and estrogen receptor (ER) pathways converges at the cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4 and 6 complex, which drives cell-cycle progression and development of therapeutic resistance. Therefore, we hypothesized that co-targeting of ER, HER2, and CDK4/6 may result in improved tumoricidal activity and suppress drug-resistant subclones that arise on therapy. We tested the activity of the triple targeted combination therapy with tucatinib (HER2 small-molecule inhibitor), palbociclib (CKD4/6 inhibitor), and fulvestrant (selective ER degrader) in HR+/HER2+ human breast tumor cell lines and xenograft models. In addition, we evaluated whether triple targeted combination prevents growth of tucatinib or palbociclib-resistant subclones in vitro and in vivo. Triple targeted combination significantly reduced HR+/HER2+ tumor cell viability, clonogenic survival, and in vivo growth. Moreover, survival of HR+/HER2+ cells that were resistant to the third drug in the regimen was reduced by the other two drugs in combination. We propose that a targeted triple combination approach will be clinically effective in the treatment of otherwise drug-resistant tumors, inducing robust responses in patients.
Evaluation of the Effects of Bariatric Surgery in Terms of Weight Loss and Diabetes Remission in the Indian Population
Authors: Khaitan Manish , Gadani Riddhish , Pokharel Koshish Nandan
Published: November 2021

Objectives: The growing prevalence of obesity rates worldwide is associated with an upsurge in its comorbidities, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Bariatric surgery is a proven treatment modality for producing sustained weight loss and resolution of associated T2DM providing marked improvement in quality of life with rapid recovery. This study aims to investigate the effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and mini-gastric bypass (MGB) on obese patients suffering from T2DM in the Indian population and their long-term association with regard to diabetes remission, resolution of comorbidities, and percentage EWL. Methods: Retrospective data of obese patients with T2DM (preoperative BMI 45.37 ± 8.1) who underwent bariatric surgery (RYGB, LSG, and MGB) were analyzed in this study over a period of 9 years. The mean follow-up period was 2.2 years. Following surgery, the clinical outcome on BMI, resolution of percentage weight loss, and T2DM were studied. The predictive factors of diabetic remission after surgery were determined. Student’s t test and ANOVA and McNemar’s test were applied. Results: Out of a total of 274 patients, complete remission of T2DM was achieved in 52.9% (n = 145) with mean fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin values being 6.1 ± 0.769 (p = 0.00) at 1 year after surgery. The independent predictive factors of remission were age, gender, BMI, preoperative comorbidities, and % EWL. Gender had no correlation with the chance of achieving disease remission. Conclusion: Based on our results, bariatric surgery proves to be a successful treatment option resulting in sustained weight loss in obese patients suffering from T2DM. It is found to be beneficial for the long-term resolution of T2DM and improving comorbidities such as hypertension and dyslipidemia. The outcome of the different surgical methods is found to be similar for all patients irrespective of the independent predictors of complete remission.
Treating Early Delayed Gastric Tube Emptying after Esophagectomy with Pneumatic Pyloric Dilation
Authors: Mertens Alexander , Gooszen Jan , Fockens Paul , Voermans Rogier , Gisbertz Suzanne , Bredenoord Arjan , van Berge Henegouwen Mark Ivo
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Endoscopic pneumatic pyloric balloon dilation is a treatment option for early postoperative delayed gastric tube emptying following esophageal resection. This study aimed to determine the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic balloon dilation. Methods: Between 2015 and 2018, patients with delayed gastric emptying 8–10 days after esophageal resection with gastric tube reconstruction due to esophageal carcinoma were considered for inclusion. Inclusion criteria were ≥1 of the following: nasogastric tube production ≥500 mL/24 h, ≥300 mL gastric retention, ≥50% gastric tube dilatation on X-ray, or nasogastric tube replacement. Patients were excluded on evidence of anastomotic leakage or reintervention. Success was defined as the ability to expand intake without needing to replace the nasogastric tube. Dilation was performed using a 30-mm Rigiflex balloon. Results: Fifteen patients underwent pyloric dilation, 12 according to the study protocol. Treatment was performed at a median of 12 days (IQR 9–15) postoperatively. Success was achieved in 58%. At 3 months, 8 patients progressed to exclusively oral intake. The remaining 4 patients had supplementary nightly enteral tube feeding. There were no adverse events. Conclusion: Endoscopic balloon dilation of the pylorus is a safe, feasible therapy for early postoperative delayed gastric emptying. With a success rate of 58%, a clinical trial is a necessary next step.
Detection of Early Gastric Cancer after Helicobacter pylori Eradication
Authors: Shichijo Satoki , Uedo Noriya , Michida Tomoki
Published: November 2021

Background: Based on evidence that Helicobacter pylori eradication reduces the development of gastric cancer and other diseases such as peptic ulcer, eradication therapy has prevailed. However, gastric cancer can develop even after successful eradication. Summary: In this review article, we searched for studies that identified the characteristics of primary and metachronous gastric cancers after H. pylori eradication, the risk factors for the development of these cancers after successful H. pylori eradication, and whether image-enhanced endoscopy is useful for diagnosing gastric cancer after eradication. A gastritis-like appearance is seen as a characteristic endoscopic finding, which corresponds to an epithelium with low-grade atypia – also known as nonneoplastic epithelium – covering the surface of the cancerous glands. This finding may make endoscopic detection of early gastric cancer difficult after H. pylori eradication. Similar risk factors, such as the male sex, endoscopic atrophy, histologic intestinal metaplasia, and late eradication, have been reported as predictors for the development of both primary and metachronous gastric cancers. Image-enhanced endoscopy, such as linked color imaging, may be useful for the detection and risk stratification of gastric cancer after eradication. Key Messages: Based on these findings, we believe that effective surveillance of high-risk patients leads to early detection of gastric cancer in the era of H. pylori eradication.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ «ФЕНОМЕНУ ГІПОТЕНЗИВНОЇ ДІЇ ГЕСТАЦІЙНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ» У ВАГІТНИХ З ІДІОПАТИЧНОЮ АРТЕРІАЛЬНОЮ ГІПОТЕНЗІЄЮ
Authors: Маркін Л. Б. , Попович О. І. , Попович А. І.
Published: November 2021

Мета дослідження – визначити провідні прояви «феномену гіпотензивної дії вагітності» у жінок з ідіопатичною артеріальною гіпотензією (ІАГ).

Матеріали та методи. Проведено оцінку центральної гемодинаміки за допомогою біоімпедансометрії з використанням аналізатора показників кровообігу АПК-01 та доплерометричне дослідження матково-плацентарного кровотоку в маткових артеріях (МА) у 50 вагітних з ІАГ і 32 вагітних із нормальним артеріальним тиском (АТ) у терміні 30–32 тиж. гестації. Контроль серцевої діяльності плода здійснювали за даними кардіотахограми (КТГ). Морфологічне дослідження плацент породілей проводили за стандартною методикою (забарвлення тканини гематоксиліном-еозином) з використанням світлооптичного мікроскопа «ЛОМО» із стандартними збільшеннями: ×10×20×40×100.

Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Фізіологічне зниження АТ у 48,0 % вагітних з ІАГ супроводжувалось появою ознак «вазовагальної непритомності». Особливості клініки формувалися за участю автономної нервової системи і свідчили про вегетативний дисбаланс у вагітних з ІАГ. Дослідження показників центральної гемодинаміки у вагітних з ІАГ виявило у 22,0 % випадків достовірне зниження таких об᾽ємних показників кровообігу, як УО та ХО серця, що стало тригером зниження перфузії органів і тканин і, як наслідок, порушення матково-плацентарного кровотоку. Доплерометричне дослідження показників кровотоку в МА виявило помірне збільшення пульсаційного індексу (ПІ) у 28,0 % вагітних з ІАГ; показники судинної резистентності МА були вищими в середньому на 19,0 %, ніж у групі контролю. Недостатнє постачання плацентарної тканини оксигенованою кров᾽ю зумовлювало розвиток компенсованого фетального дистресу у 18,0 % вагітних з ІАГ. Морфологічна картина плацент підтверджувала наявність хронічної плацентарної дисфункції у породілей з ІАГ у вигляді деструкції значної кількості паренхіматозних елементів і реологічних порушень у міжворсинчастому просторі.

Висновки. Надання допомоги вагітним з ІАГ передбачає урахування ефекту «гіпотензивної дії вагітності», організацію ефективного моніторингу перебігу гестаційного процесу.
ВМІСТ ВІТАМІНУ D У ЖІНОК РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО ВІКУ, ХВОРИХ НА СУБКЛІНІЧНИЙ ГІПОТИРЕОЗ
Authors: Франчук М. О. , Франчук О. А. , Кумпаненко Я. О. , Корда І. В.
Published: November 2021

Мета дослідження – визначення дефіциту вітаміну D у жінок репродуктивного віку з вперше діагностованим субклінічним гіпотиреозом, а також встановлення взаємозв’язку між дефіцитом вітаміну D та автоімунною тиреоїдною патологією (автоімунний тиреоїдит, субклінічний гіпотиреоз) і призначення до курсу лікування вітаміну D.

Матеріали та методи. Під наглядом перебували 25 пацієнток віком від 16 до 35 років. У 20 із них діагностовано автоімунний тиреоїдит і в 5 – гіпоплазію щитоподібної залози. Підтвердження діагнозу субклінічного гіпотиреозу полягало в наявності у крові жінок нормального рівня тиреоїдних гормонів вТ3 і вТ4 та підвищеного рівня ТТГ. За стандартною методикою УЗД проводили вимірювання об’єму і оцінку структури щитоподібної залози, а також визначали рівень вітаміну D в сироватці крові цих пацієнток.

Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Всім жінкам із субклінічним гіпотиреозом протягом 3-х місяців призначали L-тироксин у дозі 25–37,5 мкг/добу та вітамін D – Аквадетрим 6 кр./добу, а пацієнткам з АІТ ще додатково Лізорм 30 кр./двічі на день. У всіх пацієнток після лікування нормалізувався рівень ТТГ. У жінок з гіпоплазією щитоподібної залози рівень вітаміну D повернувся до норми, а у жінок з підвищенням антитіл до ТПО – незначно.

Висновки. Жінкам репродуктивного віку із субклінічним гіпотиреозом до курсу лікування необхідно додавати препарати вітаміну D задля покращення ефективності терапії.