bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efek Antidiare Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) Pada Mencit Putih Jantan
Authors:   Program Studi Sarjana Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Fauzi Rizal , Fatmawati Annisa ,   Program Studi Sarjana Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Emelda Emelda ,   Program Studi Sarjana Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

Diarrhea is an increase frequency and decrease consistency of fecal when compared with the bowel condition of normal individuals. The high incidence of acute and chronic diarrhea encourages researchers to keep trying to find new antidiarrheal drugs, especially from plants. The leaves of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) contain tannins which are polyphenolic compounds and has benefits as anantidiarrheal.This study aims to determine the activity of the ethanol extract of moringa leaves as an antidiarrheal by looking at intestinal motility. The extraction process was carried out by maceration method using ethanol 70%..The result research is the average value of the treatment ratio is smaller than the negative control group. The average value of the ratio of the group was given by ethanol extract of moringa leaves at a dose of 9.1 mg / 20 g body weight was 0.664; ethanol extract of moringa leaves at dose of 18.2 mg / 20 g body weight was 0.434 and ethanol extract of moringa leaves at dose of 36.4 mg / 20 g body weight was 0.389. From this value, it is known that the ethanol extract of Moringa leaves has an antidiarrheal effect by inhibiting intestinal motility. The effect of the ethanol extract of Moringa leaves in inhibiting intestinal motility is best at a dose of 36.4 mg / 20 g body weight with an average value ratio of 0.389.
Strategi Komunikasi Branding Impressive Probolinggo untuk Menarik Wisatawan
Authors: prasetyo Bambang
Published: January 2021

Many areas in Indonesia region still have social problems such as poverty, education, and health. The problem requires the local government to conduct communication strategies by increasing regional revenues through tourism. One of the regional efforts is to attract tourists visiting, through the city branding program. This article seeks to analyze the slogan Impressive Probolinggo is related to the tourism communication strategy of the Probolinggo City Government. The data was collected through interviews with City Government institutions, community leaders, and tourist visitors in 2018. The data was analyzed using an interactive qualitative method from Miles Huberman. The results showed that the slogan Impressive Probolinggo City became a city branding the Probolinggo City Government to attract tourists. The slogan is executed through a communication strategy that includes core and field communicators, worth of mouth-based messages, diverse media platforms, and involves community engagement. The government needs to improve socialization and design a more creative and innovative communication strategy so that the tourism potential in Probolinggo city develops sustainably.
Parthenope’s novel: P.Berol. 7927 + 9588 + 21179, II column revisited
Authors: López Martínez María Paz , Ruiz-Montero Consuelo
Published: January 2021

Our aim is to provide a new edition with translation and commentary of the second  column of P. Berol. 7927 + 9588 + 21179, corresponding to the so-called Parthenope’s Novel. The first column was also edited by us in The Journal of Juristic Papyrology 28(2016), pp. 235–50. The original, perhaps one of the first Greek novels, produced a long and complex tradition with versions in prose and verse and a Christian martyrology, and was translated into different languages (Greek, Arab, Persian and Coptic). Although our text is badly preserved and difficult to read, we offer new proposals of reading that allow a better understanding of the novel and its rich literary context.
Метод персонализации фотополимерных защитных голограмм на основе записи скрытых кодированных цифровых изображений
Authors: Одиноков С.Б. , Колючкин В.В. , Кузьмин Д.В. , Талалаев В.Е. , Ханевич П.А. , Смирнов А.В. , Смирнов Л.И.
Published: January 2021

This article deals with the problem of embedding personal data into replicated photopolymer security holograms with a maximal preservation of the hologram area during its visualization. A method of recording personalized security holograms on a photopolymer material is proposed. By this method main security hologram with a visualized image includes an additional computer-generated Fourier microhologram with individual personalized data. The synthesis algorithm and a technical implementation of the Fourier microhologram recording method are presented. The efficiency of the proposed method is confirmed by experimental studies on recording and reading of personalizing Fourier microholograms.
Одно- и двулучевое оптическое формирование рельефных дифракционных микроструктур в пленках карбазолсодержащего азополимера
Authors: Ивлиев Н.А. , Подлипнов В.В. , Хонина С.Н. , Лошманский К.С. , Присакар А.М. , Абашкин В.Г. , Мешалкин А.Ю. , Акимова Е.А.
Published: January 2021

Представлено одно- и двулучевое формирование дифракционных микроструктур в пленках карбазолсодержащего азополимера. Показана возможность записи единичных микронеровностей сфокусированным вихревым лазерным пучком с линейной и круговой поляризацией. Проведен анализ формы рельефа микроструктур от состояния поляризации. Представлен двулучевой метод создания дифракционных решеток, в котором для формирования вихревой фазы использовался пространственный модулятор света. Проведена оценка дифракционной эффективности сформированных периодических оптических структур от длительности экспозиции. Ключевые слова: поляризационная голографическая запись, вихревой пучок, изомеризация, микрорельеф, интерферометр Маха-Цендера.
Внутрирезонаторные голографические решетки и лазеры с управляемым спектором на их основе
Authors: Погода А.П. , Петров В.М. , Хахалин И.С. , Попов Е.Э. , Борейшо А.С.
Published: January 2021

Приведено сопоставление влияния внутрирезонаторных спектральных селекторов: статических решeток Брэгга и динамических решeток коэффициента усиления. Показано, что их влияние на спектральные свойства излучения лазера с петлевым резонатором аналогично. Проведенное статистическое исследование модового состава цугов импульсов генерации в режиме модуляции добротности позволяет сделать заключение о том, что перезапись решeтки последующим импульсом цуга не препятствует излучению на той же частоте. Это открывает возможность частотной стабилизации излучения. Наличие внутрирезонаторной решeтки Брэгга приводит к повышению вероятности сохранения частоты излучения в соседних импульсах цуга излучения. Показано, что наблюдается сужение спектра генерации импульса в цуге несмотря на то, что спектральная ширина решeтки превышает спектральную ширину импульса генерации. Совместная работа статических и динамических внутрирезонаторных решeток позволяет создать линейку лазеров с высокой энергией в импульсе, качеством излучения, близким к дифракционному пределу, высокой пиковой мощностью и узким спектром излучения. Ключевые слова: стационарная решeтка, динамическая решeтка, дифракционная эффективность, самонакачивающийся резонатор, обращение волнового фронта.
Инфракрасные спектры комплекса фторотан-триметиламин в сжиженном криптоне
Authors: Меликова С.М. , Рутковский К.С.
Published: January 2021

The IR absorption spectra of solutions of mixtures of halothane (C2HBrClF3) and trimethylamine ((CD3) 3N) in liquefied krypton were obtained and analyzed. Bands assigned to weak hydrogen-bonded complexes have been identified. The enthalpy of formation was estimated in a series of temperature experiments on the change in the integral intensities of the bands of monomers and complexes An extremely strong increase in the intensity of the second-order bands attributed to the first overtone of the bending CH vibrations of halothane was found. The effect is determined by strong anharmonic interactions of a resonant nature (Fermi resonance and Darling-Dennison resonance). The results of ab initio calculations reproduce the effects observed in the experiment.
Трехуровневое приближение при расчете параметров оптически детектируемого магнитного резонанса в условиях сильной лазерной накачки
Authors: Вершовский А.К. , Петренко М.В.
Published: January 2021

An algorithm is proposed for the approximate solution of a purely nonlinear problem of the parameters of optically detected magnetic resonance in the ground state of alkali atoms in an optically dense medium under conditions of intense narrow-band optical pumping, which causes, first, bleaching of the atomic medium, and, second, partial suppression of spin-exchange broadening. The direct solution of the Liouville equation under these conditions is complicated by the fact that the relaxation time of each of the levels of the hyperfine and Zeeman structure of the ground state is determined by the populations of the remaining levels, which leads to the necessity of solving a self-consistent problem in a multilevel system, and, as a rule, requires the use of supercomputers. In this paper, approximations are proposed that make it possible to significantly simplify and speed up the calculation by orders of magnitude, and the results are compared with experimental data using the example of a two-beam Mx scheme of a magnetometric sensor
Key Factors for Tuning Au Self-Assembling SERS Films: from Properties to Structure-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Khnykina K.A. , Baranov M.A. , Babaev A.A. , Baranov A.V. , Bogdanov К.V.
Published: January 2021

We studied self-assembled plasmonic films (SPF) based on gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs). We recorded the intensity distribution maps (IDM) with an area of 2025 μm2 (9x 9 points). We have observed uniform enhancement across the entire surface of SPF. Therefore, we used the parameters average intensity of IDM and IDM gate when we optimized the synthesis of SPF. Average intensity is the average intensity value over 81 spectra of the IDM. The gate is the span excluding 10% of the outliers. We have discovered that the maximum average intensity was observed at a concentration of 1.00· 10-5 M. A decrease in the concentration of Au-NPs leads to a decrease in the average intensity. A simultaneous decrease in TOABr and Au-NPs concentration also leads to a decrease in the average intensity. The film obtained by the optimal synthesis method was characterized using SEM and AFM. Keywords: SERS, Au-NPs, self-assembling.
Внутризонные осцилляции Раби с участием фотонов и акустических фононов
Authors: Перлин Е.Ю. , Иванов А.В.
Published: January 2021

The probabilities W_{exc} of photon- and TA-phonon-assisted intraband electronic transitions in a covalent crystal are derived. It is shown that, at prebreakdown intensities of light, specific electron-phonon Rabi oscillations can be generated, with the frequency influenced by the processes of high order in field of the light wave. As in the case of previously considered optical-phonon-assisted processes, absorption of light lasts for the time τ1, in which the first maximum in the dependence W_{exc}(t), where t in time reckoned from the beginning of the laser pulse, is reached.
Vibrational, Thermal, and Physical Characterizations of Some Zinc Niobo Tellurite Glasses Doped with Rare Earth (Eu, Dy)-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Ejigu A Afrash , Ramesh K.P. , Honnavar Gajanan
Published: January 2021

In this communication, we report physical and thermal properties along with Raman spectroscopic investigations on Zinc Niobo Tellurite glass systems doped with Eu2O3 and Dy2O3 at the expense of TeO2. The glasses have been synthesized by the melt quenching technique. Physical parameters like density, molar volume, packing density were estimated. The density of the un-doped glasses increases with increasing mol% of the modifier (ZnO) whereas the glass transition temperature (Tg) decreases. We have observed an increase in the density of the base glass systems which are doped with rare earth (RE) dopants. The packing density of the un-doped glasses remains almost constant with increasing modifier content suggesting that there is not much change in the local environment. Raman spectra were recorded at room temperature and assigned to TeO4 and TeO3 structural units in these glasses. The peak shift, full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the de-convoluted Raman peaks were analyzed to get information about the local environment. It is observed that these compositions of tellurite glasses are good host materials for rare earth ions as they offer voids in the network. Further, it was observed that the rare earth ion doping has not affected the local environment of the glasses; Dy3+ ions have a slightly higher tendency to polarize Te-O bonds than the Eu3+ ions. Keywords: Niobium-based tellurite glasses, XRD, DSC, FTIR.
Ganancias cambiarias en empresas mexicanas y variables fundamentales y económicas
Authors: Morales Castro José Antonio , López-Herrera Francisco
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este artículo de investigación es mostrar la evidencia de la influencia de variables económicas y fundamentales de empresa sobre las ganancias cambiarias derivadas de los descalces de moneda extranjera. Mediante modelos para datos en panel, se analizan datos trimestrales de 84 empresas mexicanas durante el periodo 1990-2018. Los resultados muestran que el dólar estadunidense y el PIB, así como seis de las variables fundamentales son significativas, cuatro de éstas últimas estudiadas por primera vez. Se recomienda considerar estas variables pues pueden ser útiles para orientar la toma de decisiones y el diseño de estrategias de operación, inversión y financiamiento para evitar pérdidas cambiarias. Obviamente, el alcance general de este estudio limita su aplicabilidad directa a casos particulares, haciendo necesario analizar la situación específica partiendo de los hallazgos aquí reportados. Se concluye que las ganancias cambiarias reflejan aspectos relevantes de la economía, así como la importancia de las decisiones administrativas.
ARGO, Automatic Record Generator for Oncology: a natural language process-based tool to capture pathology features from onco-hematological reports (Preprint)
Authors: Zaccaria Gian Maria , Colella Vito , Colucci Simona , Clemente Felice , Pavone Fabio , Vegliante Maria Carmela , Esposito Flavia , Opinto Giuseppina , Negri Antonio , Loseto Giacomo , Minoia Carla , Rossini Bernardo , Angiulli Vito , Quinto Angela Maria , Schirosi Laura , Scattone Anna , Zito Alfredo , Grieco Luigi Alfredo , Guarini Attilio , Ciavarella Sabino
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

The unstructured nature of medical data from Real-World (RW) patients and the scarce accessibility for researchers to integrated systems restrain the use of RW information for clinical and translational research purposes. Natural Language Processing (NLP) might help in transposing unstructured reports in electronic health records (EHR), thus prompting their standardization and sharing.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed at designing a tool to capture pathological features directly from hemo-lymphopathology reports and automatically record them into electronic case report forms (eCRFs).

METHODS

We exploited Optical Character Recognition and NLP techniques to develop a web application, named ARGO (Automatic Record Generator for Oncology), that recognizes unstructured information from diagnostic paper-based reports of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), follicular lymphomas (FL), and mantle cell lymphomas (MCL). ARGO was programmed to match data with standard diagnostic criteria of the National Institute of Health, automatically assign diagnosis and, via Application Programming Interface, populate specific eCRFs on the REDCap platform, according to the College of American Pathologists templates. A selection of 239 reports (n. 106 DLBCL, n.79 FL, and n. 54 MCL) from the Pathology Unit at the IRCCS - Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari (Italy) was used to assess ARGO performance in terms of accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score.

RESULTS

By applying our workflow, we successfully converted 233 paper-based reports into corresponding eCRFs incorporating structured information about diagnosis, tissue of origin and anatomical site of the sample, major molecular markers and cell-of-origin subtype. Overall, ARGO showed high performance (nearly 90% of accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score) in capturing identification report number, biopsy date, specimen type, diagnosis, and additional molecular features.

CONCLUSIONS

We developed and validated an easy-to-use tool that converts RW paper-based diagnostic reports of major lymphoma subtypes into structured eCRFs. ARGO is cheap, feasible, and easily transferable into the daily practice to generate REDCap-based EHR for clinical and translational research purposes.
SlimMe, a Chatbot with Artificial Empathy for Personal Weight Management: System Design, Preliminary Findings and Lessons (Preprint)
Authors: Rahmanti Annisa Ristya , Yang Hsuan-Chia , Bintoro Bagas Suryo , Nursetyo Aldilas Achmad , Muhtar M Solihuddin , Syed-Abdul Shabbir , Li Yu-Chuan (Jack)
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

As the obesity rate continues to rise persistently, there is an urgent need to develop an effective weight-loss management strategy. Nowadays, the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cognitive technologies coupled with the rapid spread of messaging platforms and mobile technology with easier access to internet technology offers professional dietitians an opportunity to provide extensive monitoring support to their clients through a chatbot with artificial empathy (AE).

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to design a chatbot with artificial empathic motivational support for weight loss, called “SlimMe,” and to investigate how people react with a diet bot.

METHODS

SlimMe infrastructure was built using Dialogflow as the Natural Language Processing (NLP) platform and LINE mobile messenger as the messaging platform. To simulate the artificial empathy responses, we proposed a text-based emotion analysis to recognize the user emotion. A preliminary evaluation was performed to investigate the user experience after 7-days simulation trials.

RESULTS

Our preliminary evaluation revealed that having an artificially empathic diet bot for weight loss management was a fun and interesting experience. The use of emoticons, stickers, and GIF images made the chatbot response more interactive. Moreover, the motivational support and persuasive messaging features enable the bot to express more empathic and engaging responses to the user. In total, there were 1007 bot responses from 892 user input messages. Of these, 67.38% (601/1007) the chatbot generated an accurate response to a relevant user request, 21.19% (189/1007) inaccurate responses to a relevant request, 10.31% (92/1007) accurate response to an irrelevant request, and only 1.12% (10/1007) the chatbot does not answer.

CONCLUSIONS

We present the design of an artificially empathic diet bot as a friendly assistant to help users estimating their calorie intake and calories burned in more interactive and engaging ways. To our knowledge, this is the first chatbot designed with artificial empathy features and it looks very promising in promoting long-term weight management. However, since our study is still in the preliminary stage, through more user interactions and further enhancement on the data training and validation, it will improve the bot’s in-built knowledge-base and emotional intelligence-base.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
The American and the Clan
Authors: Lundberg Johan
Published: January 2021

The Henry James novel The American (1877) is analyzed on the basis of a conflict between the twoforms of liberty, which Isaiah Berlin in the end of the 1950s designated as negative and positive. Theconcept of negative freedom is in this interpretation of the novel connected to a contrast between thestate and the clan. With starting point in Francis Fukuyama’s The Origins of Political Order (2011),and Mark S Weiner in The Rule of the Clan (2013), modern rule of law is in the analysis of the novelregarded as something radically different from clan society.Based on an understanding of the modern state as a guarantee for individual autonomy and liberty, inBerlin’s negative meaning, James depicts in The American, the problems of maintaining liberty, in thenegative sense, in a community organised around the clan.In the novel, the American protagonist Christopher Newman with his lack of prejudices represent forhis French fiancée Claire de Cintréa possible way to freedom. What Newman does, is to offer Claire theopportunity to move from the French aristocracy to the economically strong Americanbourgeoisie—from a kind of feudalism to capitalism. The proposed move coincides with thedevelopmental curve of the novel, which with respect to Claire runs from clan to state.In striking contrast to Newman’s optimized sort of freedom, where neither any internalized norms norany economic limitations prohibit the protagonist from acting in the way that he desires, Claire is thedaughter of a family that represents the old world, with all its limitations and restrictions on negativeliberty. In a highly concrete manner she is prohibited from acting as she wants. This is emphasized inthe question of who to marry.The analysis connects Claire’s family to the ultramontanists and legitimists circles of 19th centuryParisian aristocracy. The terms refer to the ultra-conservative and fiercely anti-liberal movements that,after the French revolution, turned against the modern state power that allegedly forced on the French Catholics secular values.Legitimism and ultramontanism are in the novel intimately connected to maintaining an organisationaround the clan. In contrast to the clan, rule of law, democracy and individual freedom is seen asconsequences of the framework of the modern, liberal state.
IN VITRO IN VIVO STUDIES ON FLOATING MICROSPHERES FOR GASTRORETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A REVIEW
Authors: KRISHNA  , KUMAR ABHISHEK , SRIVASTAVA RAJAT
Published: January 2021

The purpose of writing this review on gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) was to compile the recent literature with a special focus on various gastroretentive approaches that have recently become leading methodologies in the field of site-specific orally administered controlled release drug delivery. One of the complex processes in the human body is gastric emptying, as it is highly variable, which makes the in vivo performance of the drug delivery systems uncertain. GRDDS has gained immense popularity in the field of oral drug delivery recently. It is a widely employed approach to retain the dosage form in the stomach for an extended period of time and release the drug slowly that can address many challenges associated with the conventional oral delivery system. Conventional drug delivery systems may not overcome the issues imposed by the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) such as incomplete release of drugs, decrease in dose effectiveness, and frequent dose requirement. To overcome this variability, a controlled drug delivery system with a prolonged gastric residence time of >12 h in the stomach can be of great practical importance for drugs with an absorption window in the upper small intestine. GRDFs enable prolonged and continuous release of the drug to the upper part of the GIT and thus significantly extend the duration of drug release and improve the bioavailability of drugs that have a narrow therapeutic window; by this way, they prolong dosing interval and increase compliance.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT OF ESSENTIAL OILS, AND EXTRACT DETERMINED FROM NATURAL LEAVES, IN-VITRO LEAVES, AND CALLUS SOURCES OF MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA – A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: M JEYAKANI , M RAJALAKSHMI
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Essential oil and their compounds are getting increasing interest due to their multipurpose functional as alternatives to artificial preservatives. The aim of this study was focused to comparative analyses on hydrodistillation, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity of essential oil derived from Melaleuca alternifolia (M. alternifolia) leaves procured from natural leaves, in-vitro leaves, and callus sources.

Methods: The essential oil was extracted using hydrodistillation. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to determine the TPC equivalent and antioxidant activity of essential oils.

Results: TPC of essential oil from in-vitro sources of leaves contained 14.79 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry plant material and its IC50 value was found to be 70% in 1-diphenyl 2-picrylhyorazyl assay. Thus, this source of essential oil showed good free radical scavenging activity.

Conclusion: The estimated biological potential was obtained in the essential oil from in-vitro sources of leaves M. alternifolia.
EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF ALCOHOLIC ROOTS EXTRACT OF EUPHORBIA HIRTA LINN. – IN VITRO
Authors: WADHWA RASHMI , GUPTA PANKAJ
Published: January 2021

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to undergo an investigation on free radical scavenging activity of the roots of Euphorbia hirta Linn. and was compared with a standard antioxidant compound like ascorbic acid.

Methods: Euphorbia hirta roots extract was tested for total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, and in vitro antioxidant activity by 1, 1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay (DPPH) assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, and nitric oxide scavenging assay.

Results: The alcoholic roots extract of E. hirta was screened for free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities using three different methods. It was found that percentage inhibition of the extract was concentration-dependent. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were found to be 265.72±1.3 and 45.67±1.14, respectively. The alcoholic extract of E. hirta produced a dose-dependent inhibition of superoxide radicals ranging from 40.14±0.14 to 70.93±0.10. The mean IC50 values for DPPH radical by root extract of E. hirta and ascorbic acid were found to be 18.12 μg/ml and 13.17 μg/ ml, respectively. The alcoholic extract of E. hirta produced dose-dependent inhibition of nitric oxide radicals scavenging effect ranging from 17.05±0.18 to 51.08±0.30. The alcoholic extract of E. hirta and ascorbic acid shows mean IC50 values for superoxide radical as 23.64 μg/ml and 14.36 μg/ml, respectively.

Conclusions: The present study showed that E. hirta possesses a considerable amount of both phenolic and flavonoid content. The alcoholic root extract also shows good antioxidant potential. The results of the present study also encourage for further in vivo studies and isolation and characterization of active compounds.
TOXIC EFFECT OF PHARMACEUTICALS WITH REFERENCE TO OXYTETRACYCLINE
Authors: SHARMA MADHU
Published: January 2021

Manufacturing and release of pharmaceuticals are increasing in different countries of the world especially in developing countries. The discharge from wastewater plant contains a wide range of classes of pharmaceuticals. Rapidly growing economy, aquaculture, and livestock industry has led to increased incidences of diseases and has increased the release of pharmaceuticals into natural environment which is affecting the biodiversity of hotspots adversely. This review mainly focuses on antibiotic oxytetracycline, its use, structure, occurrence in aquatic environments and other environmental compartments, lastly an overview of toxicity to fish is provided. The threats posed by these pharmaceuticals are evident from the studies showing their toxic effect on different aquatic organisms.
OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FORMULATION SELF-NANOEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM ETHANOL EXTRACT OF ROMANG PARANG LEAVES (BOEHMERIA VIRGATA)
Authors: MAGFIRAH  , UTAMI INDAH KURNIA
Published: January 2021

Objective: Parang romang (Boehmeria virgata) is one of the traditional medicines that are used empirically by Makassar tribal healers, South Sulawesi, as an antitumor drug. This traditional medicine contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. However, secondary metabolites of those leaves extract have low solubility in water. Hence, to be formula, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is one of the solutions to increase the extract solubility.

Methods: The optimization of two formula optimum SNEDDS parang romang leaves (T80PGMZ and T20PGMZ) was using the simple lattice design (SLD) method which will give 28 SNEDDS formula parang romang leaves each of which the formula is tested for its characteristics as a critical point include emulsification time, % transmittance, drug loading, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, and morphology particle.

Results: The results of SNEDDS characterization obtained the optimum formula T80PGMZ with emulsification time 12.6 s, % transmittance 92.21%, drug loading 68.21 ppm, particle size 370.26 nm, zeta potential −31.4 mV, polydispersity index of 0.615, and regular particle morphology with spherical chunks at a magnification of 10,000 times with a particle size of 10 μm.

Conclusion: SNEDDS of parang romang leaves extracts that used olive oil as oil phase, Tween 80 as a surfactant, and propylene glycol as the cosurfactant provided nanoemulsion with good characteristics.
STATUS OF URINARY 15-F2t-ISOPROSTANE LEVELS IN GENERALIZED TONIC–CLONIC SEIZURE PATIENTS WITH LEVETIRACETAM IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: S BHUVANESHWARI , D VIJAYA
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The objective of the study was to analyze urinary 15-2t-isoprostane levels in epileptic patients with levetiracetam (LEV) and to compare the urinary 15-2t-isoprostane levels between the different age groups, smokers, and alcoholics.

Methodology: The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Urinary 15-2t-isoprostane levels were assayed in epileptic patients taking LEV. Twenty patients were recruited. Urinary levels of 15-F2t-isoprostane determined by ELISA. The patient’s age, gender, height, weight, smoking, and alcoholic history were collected using pro forma. Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS version 23.0.

Results: A total of 20 participants recruited for the study. Among these, 70% were male and 30% were female. The mean weight and height were more in males compared to females. The mean 15-F2t-isoprostane level was significantly higher in males compared to females. More than 40% of the participants were in the age group of >40 years. However, the mean urinary 15-F2t-isoprostane level is higher in the age group of 19–30 years. Only 20% of the participants were smokers and alcoholics. Non-smokers and non-alcoholics had higher urinary 15-F2t-isoprostane levels compared to smokers and alcoholics.

Conclusion: The urinary 15-F2t-isoprostane levels were more in males, the age group of 19–30 years, non-smokers and non-alcoholics. However, the levels are lesser when compared to earlier meta-analysis study. This concludes that LEV may have antioxidant effect. There is a need for further studies with more sample size and correlation of LEV and urinary 15-F2t-isoprostane levels.
El médico residente como educador en Medicina Familiar: estudio experimental con un curso presencial y en línea
Authors: Méndez López Jafet F. , Sánchez Mendiola Melchor
Published: January 2021

Antecedentes: Los médicos residentes de especialidad tienen gran cantidad de actividades, que incluyen la docencia con otros residentes, médicos internos, estudiantes de medicina y enfermería. Las actividades formales de capacitación en docencia para los médicos residentes son escasas, principalmente en Latinoamérica. La educación en línea es una modalidad que permite la impartición de cursos a personas que tienen horarios complicados, como son los residentes, con autoadministración del tiempo y posibilidades de realizar actividades en cualquier lugar. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un curso en línea sobre el rol docente del residente de Medicina Familiar, y comparar su efectividad con una versión presencial. Método: Se realizó un ensayo controlado con asignación aleatoria, en médicos residentes de 2o año de Medicina Familiar del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México. Un grupo recibió el curso presencial diseñado en la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM, y el otro una versión adaptada a la modalidad en línea. Los profesores y los contenidos en ambos cursos fueron los mismos. Se evaluaron conocimientos y competencias docentes con 3 instrumentos: cuestionario pre-post retrospectivo, examen de opción múltiple y un Examen de Docencia Objetivo Estructurado (EDOE). Resultados: Participaron 42 residentes: grupo 1 (n = 22) modalidad en línea (G1EL), grupo 2 (n = 20) modalidad presencial (G2P). 15 participantes del grupo 1 y 14 del grupo 2 realizaron todas las evaluaciones. El G1EL tuvo mejor desempeño que el G2P en el examen de conocimientos (p < 0.05) y en la estación EDOE de enseñanza de la clínica (p < 0.05). Las demás comparaciones no tuvieron diferencias.Conclusiones: La efectividad educativa de un curso en línea sobre el rol docente del residente, aplicado a médicos de la especialidad de Medicina Familiar, fue similar a la de un curso presencial con contenidos similares. Incluso tuvo un mayor efecto en el nivel de conocimientos y en una de las competencias docentes. La modalidad en línea en este tipo de cursos debe explorarse en otras especialidades y contextos.
El análisis sexo/género en la enseñanza/aprendizaje de la medicina. El caso de las enfermedades cardiovasculares
Authors: Juárez-Herrera y Cairo Lucero Aída , Juárez Muñóz Irina Elizabeh , Gómez Maqueo Chew Aline
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Reflexionar y analizar la pertinencia de incorporar el análisis sexo/género en el proceso enseñanza/aprendizaje de la medicina.Desarrollo: Se toman como referente los sesgos de género en la atención sanitaria de las enfermedades cardiovasculares, por su relevancia como un problema de salud pública mundial y porque son un parteaguas en el análisis de los sesgos de género 3 décadas después de las primeras publicaciones sobre el tema. Además, se llevó a cabo una revisión narrativa para explorar iniciativas sobre la implementación de la perspectiva de género en la carrera de medicina en diversas Universidades del mundo.Resultados: Se reporta en publicaciones recientes que hay mejoras en la atención cardiovascular, pero que persisten sesgos de género en la investigación, formación profesional y en las prácticas de atención. En la revisión narrativa se exploraron iniciativas sobre la implementación de la perspectiva de género en la carrera de medicina en diversas Universidades del mundo, clasificando los resultados en 1) ventajas, recomendaciones y obstáculos y; 2) Intervenciones y programas.Discusión: Los retos a superar para la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en la educación médica se relacionan con aspectos organizativos y personales. Las iniciativas y los programas exitosos se centran en las ventajas de formar profesionistas sensibles al género, que sean capaces de entablar comunicación efectiva con diversos actores sociales al tomar en cuenta la interacción sexo/género con otros determinantes sociales de la salud.Conclusión: En México es necesario trabajar en pro de la inclusión del análisis sexo/género en la formación médica. Porque provee un conocimiento más amplio, se logra una mejor ciencia, y redunda en una atención adecuada y efectiva para todas las personas.
Educación médica basada en competencias en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Pérez-Cruz Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

Introducción: El 30 de enero de 2020, la OMS declaró la pandemia por la COVID-19, la aparición de una nueva enfermedad supone diversos retos a la sociedad y a la educación médica.Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue determinar cuáles son las TIC y plataformas educativas utilizadas durante la pandemia y analizar si estos recursos permiten desarrollar las actividades profesionales confiables (APROC).Método: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y analítico en alumnos de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM, mediante la aplicación de una encuesta anónima dividida en tres secciones: a) Conocimiento de TIC y plataformas educativas, b) Planeación, desarrollo y evaluación de la asignatura y c) Desarrollo de las APROC.Resultados: 119 alumnos, 60.5% del género femenino y 39.5% masculino. El promedio de plataformas virtuales utilizadas fue de 2.7 ± 1.1, las más comunes: Zoom, Google Classroom y Edmodo. El acceso a información actualizada, la posibilidad de organizar el tiempo y el ahorro económico se describieron como fortalezas. La ausencia de práctica clínica y el no poder establecer una relación médico-paciente como debilidades. Los problemas detectados fueron: falta de acceso o pobre conexión a internet, horarios de clases traslapadas y atraso en la retroalimentación de tareas o dudas. El 67.2% tuvo conocimiento de la planeación, desarrollo y evaluación de la asignatura. De las APROC el 76.9% se ubicó en el Q3, el 15.4% en Q2 y el 7.7% en el Q1.Conclusiones: Las TIC utilizadas durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 favorecen el conocimiento teórico y el desarrollo parcial de competencias genéricas.
CONVERSATION ANALYSIS: TURN-TAKING MECHANISM AND POWER RELATION IJ CLASSROOM SETTING
Authors: Sari Candrika Citra
Published: January 2021

Institutional conversation in the classroom has been known to be fully controlled by the teacher in order to achieve specific goals of the teaching and learning process. This study aims at finding out how teachers manage the flow of classroom interaction, how students may possibly take the floor and issue about power and hierarchy between teacher-students in teacher-fronted whole classroom interaction. The result is expected to give an overview or a reflection on how teachers encourage learning to happen by the way they use their power to manage the turn-taking mechanism in whole-class interaction. The data is in the form of unscripted classroom interaction in the field of language from YouTube. Specifically, the analysis is focussed on analyzing the turn-taking rules in a whole class interaction using Conversation Analysis (CA). The gesture is also one means of communication that accompanied verbal communication, and therefore to enrich the data, the gestures of the participants are also taken into consideration. This study found that teacher and students' turn is asymmetrical. However, the teacher possesses no absolute power in terms of controlling the turn-taking as students appeared to overlap the teacher’s talk to take the turn and try to perform an unfocalized effort to nominate themselves as the first speaker using gestures. The content of teachers’ TCU indicates that the teacher tries to stimulate the students’ critical thinking by posting an open-ended question, and evaluates and responds to students’ answers by using a follow-up question.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY THROUGH DEBATE TECHNIQUE
Authors: Lumbangaol Reni Rosianna , Mazali Muhammad Rizki
Published: January 2021

Lecturers can use many strategies to improve speaking ability. Speaking abilities include making questions, providing explanations, and also being able to provide answers. This study aimed to determine how debate techniques can improve students' speaking ability to make questions, give explanations, and give responses. The current study applied the classroom action research method and consisted of 3 cycles. Two batches of English Education College Students of 2019/2020 at Universitas Potensi Utama, totaling 60 students, were involved as the study subjects. An observation checklist and field notes were used to collect the data. The researchers observed students' activity in the classroom by using an observation checklist and fieldnotes. The researchers summarized the problem during the debating process. Based on the research findings, the debate technique applied by the research subjects reflects the improvement in the students' speaking ability. Based on the observations' results, it can be seen that the students' speaking ability in making questions and providing explanations and answers improved. The students' activities in the class when arguing in the first cycle were 42.83%, 59.17% in the second cycle, and 85.17% in the final one. It shows that the debate technique has improved the students' speaking ability to make questions and provide explanations.
VIRTUAL TOURISM EXHIBITION ACTIVITY IN ENGLISH FOR TOURISM CLASS: STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Suprayogi Suprayogi , Pranoto Budi Eko
Published: January 2021

As the need of the contextual learning for English for Tourism class increases, the new teaching methods with integration of technology need to be further explored. Recently, the common method used in the class usually focuses on monologue, lecture, video exploration and presentation, meanwhile, contextual simulation is rarely used and addressed. This study aims at observing the implementation of virtual tourism exhibition activity in English for Tourism class from the students’ perspectives. Qualitative descriptive study was employed by selecting 56 students of English Literature major in T university as research subject. A questionnaire focusing on the area of learning objective, technology literacy and interaction was used to collect the necessary data. The result shows that virtual tourism exhibition has given them a learning alternative during COVID-19 quarantine, some improvement in speaking has been made, and the degree of technology literacy to conduct virtual learning was found  to be satisfying. However, students still prefer having face-to-face activity to virtual meeting. Further, the interaction between students and lecturer is still covered despite of limited time and unstable internet connection. This study suggests that the analysis from the teacher perspective and quantitative calculation on students’ performance in exhibition simulation should be further explored.
IHAB HASSAN POSTMODERNISM’S INDETERMINACY AND IRONY:LAURA BROWN’S INNER CONFLICT IN THE HOURS
Authors: Setyaningrum Rina Wahyu
Published: January 2021

Virginia Woolf is one of the modernist writers who write Mrs. Dalloway for which Michael Cunningham has taken Virginia’s life story into his novel, The Hours that characterized Laura Brown who reads Mrs. Dalloway. Cunningham’s literary work which foregrounds the uncertainty of sexual orientation, confusion, and difficulty of identity is suitable with postmodernism’s conventions and is valid in both Woolf's and Cunningham's novels. There have been studies conducted by the scholars in terms of various technical aspects, such as narrative, design, and structure. The other topics comprise the equivalence of characters, the parallelism of scenes, and the borrowing of themes and symbolism, in order to demonstrate the effects of the adaptation process. This paper focuses on Laura Brown’s inner conflicts which are connected to postmodernism features. From the quotations in the novel, this paper showcases the novel’s analysis based on Ihab Hassan’s theory of postmodernism’s indeterminacy and irony. It is found that Laura Brown’s inner conflicts are shown from her efforts of being a good wife for Dan. She is trying hard to answer her own question whether or not she loves her husband. Ironically, the perfect status of being a wife of a soldier who takes part in winning the World War II, a woman with a perfect family, as well as a woman living a good life, do not make her happy. Mrs. Dalloway has inspired her to find her true happiness, her former self that has disappeared.
Dampak Potensial Bahan Ajar Berbasis Lingkungan Terhadap Pemahaman Peserta Didik Pada Pembelajaran PPKn
Authors: Sulkipani Sulkipani , Faisal Emil El
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui damak potensial bahan ajar berbasis lingkungan terhadap pemahaman materi pada pembelajaran PPKn. Latar belakang dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah menurunnya kualitas lingkungan yang merakibat buruk bagi kualitas hidup manusia, seperti meluasnya polusi udara, air, dan tanah. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan penelitian dan pengembangan. Subjek dalam penelitian penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas VII SMPN 16 dan 33 Palembang serta SMPN 1 Indralaya Utara. Teknik pengumpulan data yang akan digunakan adalah studi dokumentasi, tes, dan angket. Adapun teknis analisa data dilakukan dengan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh bahan ajar yang dikembangkan memiliki dampak potensial cukup baik dengan N-gain 0.4. Dengan demikian bahan ajar yang dikembangkan dapat membantu peserta didik dalam memahami materi dan pembangunan karakter peduli lingkungan.
Analisis Yuridis Dampak E-Commerce Terhadap Potensi Kehilangan Pajak Negara Indonesia
Authors: Rachmasariningrum Rachmasariningrum
Published: January 2021

Penelitiannini dilakukan dengan tujuannuntuk mengetahui transaksi e-Commerce dan regulasi khusus terkait pajak negara dan upaya pemerintah indonesia dalam mengatasi risiko kehilangan pajak akibat penggunaan transaksi online (e-Commerce) serta untuk mengetahui keterkaitan suatu bisnis jika tidak diimbangi dengan peraturan yang berlaku khusus akan berdampak kurang baik terhadap bidang lain yang juga merupakan sektor utama dalam perwujudan pembangunan. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kepustakaan yang berpedoman pada bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier yang diolah dan diuraikan dalam bentuk deskriptif kualitatif serta dianilsa dengan menggunakan penalaran deduktif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa untuk memaksimalkan penerimaan pajak dari transaksi online, maka perlu adanya regulasi yang secara khusus diterapkan pada transaksi online dan sistem pengawasan yang solid agar penerimaan pajak dari transaksi online dapat terkumpul secara maksimal.
Persepsi Mahasiswa dalam Penggunaan Ragam Platform Pembelajaran Daring
Authors: Wahid Sucahyo Mas'an Al , Kusnadi Dedi , Fantiro Frendy Aru
Published: January 2021

Koneksi internet dan jaringan menjadi kebutuhan pada era globalisasi saat ini, apalagi dihadapkan situasi permasalahan pada kondisi covid-19. Bukan hanya perekonomian yang berdampak seperti pada pemberitaan yang ada, akan tetapi sistem pembelajaran pun ikut beradaptasi. Seperti sistem perkuliahan mode daring yang dapat mengoptimalkan interaksi antara dosen dan mahasiswa melalui forum diskusi yang terdapat pada platform yang digunakan. Tujuan penelitian mengenal persepsi mahasiswa dalam pemanfaatan berbagai macam moda platform pembelajaran daring. Jenis penelitian survey berupa angket, uji validitas oleh ahli bahasa dan ahli konten platform yang pernah terlibat melaksanakan pembelajaran daring, kemudian dilakukan paparan analisis secara deskriptif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa, kesiapan pengisian angket oleh mahasiswa 45 dari 100, presentasi pengetahuan tentang platform 95% menguasai secara otodidak. persepsi terkait platform chatting room familiar namun kurang dalam keefektifan pemberian materi, persepsi terhadap platform virtual class fitur sesuai tetapi berbasis sinkronus, persepsi pemberian platform video conference kelayakan pembelajaran daring memuaskan jika jaringan stabil
Developing STEM-based TGT learning model to improve students' process skills
Authors: Firdaus Faizah , Subchan Wachju , Narulita Erlia
Published: January 2021

Strengthening STEM-oriented learning is necessary for 21st century, so the development of appropriate learning models must be carried out. The aimed to of this study were analized validity, effectiveness, and practicality of STEM-based Team Games and Tournament (TGT) learning model towards the students' science process skills. This research was research and development (R&D) with a 4-D development namely; Defining, Designing, Developing, and Disseminating. The study involved 2 experts as validators, 2 teachers as user, and 112 students in small-scale tests, large-scale tests, and distribution tests in SMA. The research was done until the stage of disseminating and produced. The results showed the validity value of 83% was categorized as very valid, the effectiveness score of 83.9% was categorized as good, and the practicality score was 87.5%, so that it was declared valid, effective, and practical to improve the science process skills. Therefore, it is recommended to be applied in schools.