bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disturbances due to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) on harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) colonies: Recommendations on best practices
Authors: Pérez Tadeo María , Gammell Martin , O'Callaghan Seán A. , O'Connor Ian , O'Brien Joanne
Published: February 2023

The increase in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in marine mammal research has raised concerns, as its potential impacts remain largely unknown. To assess the effects of disturbances on harbor seals by a DJI Phantom 4 Pro, behavioral responses were recorded before, during, and after UAV approaches at two colonies. GLMMs were applied to assess proportions of seals displaying vigilance, resting, locomotion, and flushing behaviors. The proportion of time that selected individuals spent vigilant, and resting was also analyzed. Responses were evaluated as a function of UAV altitude, time of day, study site, group size, and environmental covariates. UAV presence triggered a significant increase in the proportion of seals vigilant and a decrease in resting. Greater reactions were observed at lower flying altitudes between 20 m and 10 m, although due to our study design, seals could have been reacting to lower flying altitudes and/or longer exposure times. Sound levels at different flying altitudes were investigated to aid interpretation of our results and to provide reference levels for future studies. Based on the disturbance thresholds identified, we devised recommendations on best practices to be implemented in future research on harbor seals using UAV techniques.
Predicting leaf traits across functional groups using reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Kothari Shan , Beauchamp‐Rioux Rosalie , Blanchard Florence , Crofts Anna L. , Girard Alizée , Guilbeault‐Mayers Xavier , Hacker Paul W. , Pardo Juliana , Schweiger Anna K. , Demers‐Thibeault Sabrina , Bruneau Anne , Coops Nicholas C. , Kalacska Margaret , Vellend Mark , Laliberté Etienne
Published: February 2023

Plant ecologists use functional traits to describe how plants respond to and influence their environment. Reflectance spectroscopy can provide rapid, non‐destructive estimates of leaf traits, but it remains unclear whether general trait‐spectra models can yield accurate estimates across functional groups and ecosystems.

We measured leaf spectra and 22 structural and chemical traits for nearly 2000 samples from 103 species. These samples span a large share of known trait variation and represent several functional groups and ecosystems, mainly in eastern Canada. We used partial least‐squares regression (PLSR) to build empirical models for estimating traits from spectra.

Within the dataset, our PLSR models predicted traits such as leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) with high accuracy (R2 > 0.85; %RMSE < 10). Models for most chemical traits, including pigments, carbon fractions, and major nutrients, showed intermediate accuracy (R2 = 0.55–0.85; %RMSE = 12.7–19.1). Micronutrients such as Cu and Fe showed the poorest accuracy. In validation on external datasets, models for traits such as LMA and LDMC performed relatively well, while carbon fractions showed steep declines in accuracy.

We provide models that produce fast, reliable estimates of several functional traits from leaf spectra. Our results reinforce the potential uses of spectroscopy in monitoring plant function around the world.
Understanding treatment non‐responders: A qualitative study of depressed adolescents' experiences of ‘unsuccessful’ psychotherapy
Authors: Mehta Alisha , Dykiert Dominika , Midgley Nick
Published: February 2023

Objectives

This paper aimed to explore the experiences of depressed adolescents who completed but did not ‘respond’ to standard psychotherapy, based on a lack of improvement in pre‐post symptoms scores.

Design

This was a qualitative study employing interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).

Method

Seventy‐seven adolescents with moderate to severe depression were interviewed as part of a qualitative arm of a randomised controlled trial. Five adolescents' post‐treatment interviews were purposively sampled, based on lack of improvement on pre‐post symptom scores, and adolescents still scoring above the clinical threshold for depression. The interviews were analysed using IPA.

Results

Adolescents made sense of their depression as part of their identity and held negative expectations of therapy. Some aspects of therapy brought up intolerable feelings that contributed to disengagement in the therapeutic process and culminated in disappointing and hopeless endings. On the other hand, where a stronger therapeutic relationship was developed, some participants experienced certain improvements.

Conclusions

Findings highlight how actively exploring the adolescent's therapy expectations, developing a strong early therapeutic relationship and being mindful of the potential impact of endings are important in therapeutic work with adolescents with depression, especially where they may have a strong sense of hopelessness and self‐criticism. Moreover, the finding that adolescents experienced improvements in other domains despite a lack of symptom reduction highlights the need to review how treatment outcomes are currently defined. Integrating individual perspectives of therapy with quantitative outcome measures can provide a more nuanced insight of treatment effects.
Dyadic longitudinal models: A critical review
Authors: Iida Masumi , Savord Andrea , Ledermann Thomas
Published: February 2023

In this review, we discuss the most commonly used models to analyze dyadic longitudinal data. We start the review with a definition of dyadic longitudinal data that allows relationship researchers to identify when these models might be appropriate. Then, we go on to describe the three major models commonly used when one has dyadic longitudinal data: the dyadic growth curve model (DGCM), the actor–partner interdependence model (APIM), and the common fate growth model (CFGM). We discuss when each model might be used and strengths and weaknesses of each model. We end with additional thoughts that focus on extensions to new methods being discussed in the literature, along with some of the challenges of collecting and analyzing dyadic longitudinal data that might be helpful for future dyadic researchers.
Perceptions of inferred parental ability through sexually dimorphic facial features
Authors: Boykin Kaitlyn N. , Brown Mitch , Drea Kelsey , Sacco Donald
Published: February 2023

In addition to providing robust cues diagnostic of prospective mates' heritable fitness, various physical features could be similarly utilized in inferring individuals' parental abilities. This study sought to explore how variations in sexually dimorphic facial features inform perceptions of social targets as motivated to provide parental care. American undergraduates (N = 244) viewed a series of 12 total male and female faces manipulated at varying degrees of sex‐typicality (i.e., masculinized versus feminized versus unaltered controls) on a within‐subjects basis, and rated the perceived motivation of each target to nurture and protect a child using items derived from the Parental Care and Tenderness Scale. Female targets were perceived as more motivated by parental care than male targets, F(1, 240) = 14.86, p < .001, ηp2 = 0.058, whereas male targets were perceived as specifically motivated to protect offspring, F(1, 240) = 177.32, p < .001, ηp2 = 0.425. Feminized targets were additionally perceived as more motivated by nurturance, though such inferences were apparent for both male and female targets, F(1, 240) = 7.36, p < .001, ηp2 = 0.058. Findings represent an understanding of perceivers use of functional heuristics of sexual dimorphism in identifying optimal parents.
CRISPR‐Cas9‐mediated editing of BADH2 gene triggered fragrance revolution in rice
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Shafiq Sarfraz , Tang Xiangru
Published: February 2023

Fragrance is one of the most important quality traits for breeding in rice. The natural aroma substance 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline (2‐AP) is a key fragrance compound among over 200 volatiles identified in fragrant rice. In addition to rice, there are other plant species that contain a germplasm that naturally produces a fragrant aroma. These other plant species all have lower activity levels of the enzyme BETAINE ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE 2 (BADH2). Therefore, improving fragrance efficiency has been a focus of intensive research. Recent studies have engineered BADH2 gene, which is responsible for fragrance trait in non‐fragrant cultivars of rice, using CRISPR‐Cas9. Although engineering rice BADH2 can be useful for upregulating 2‐AP, there are still a lot of restrictions on how it can be applied in practice. In this review article, we discuss the recent developments in BADH2 editing and propose potential future strategies to effectively target BADH2 for transcriptional regulation, with the goal of producing a better fragrance.
Mass and spring dimer Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou nanopterons with exponentially small, nonvanishing ripples
Authors: Faver Timothy E. , Hupkes Hermen Jan
Published: February 2023

We study traveling waves in mass and spring dimer Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou (FPUT) lattices in the long wave limit. Such lattices are known to possess nanopteron traveling waves in relative displacement coordinates. These nanopteron profiles consist of the superposition of an exponentially localized “core,” which is close to a Korteweg–de Vries solitary wave, and a periodic “ripple,” whose amplitude is small beyond all algebraic orders of the long wave parameter, although a zero amplitude is not precluded. Here we deploy techniques of spatial dynamics, inspired by results of Iooss and Kirchgässner, Iooss and James, and Venney and Zimmer, to construct mass and spring dimer nanopterons whose ripples are both exponentially small and also nonvanishing. We first obtain “growing front” traveling waves in the original position coordinates and then pass to relative displacement. To study position, we recast its traveling wave problem as a first‐order equation on an infinite‐dimensional Banach space; then we develop hypotheses that, when met, allow us to reduce such a first‐order problem to one solved by Lombardi. A key part of our analysis is then the passage back from the reduced problem to the original one. Our hypotheses free us from working strictly with lattices but are easily checked for FPUT mass and spring dimers. We also give a detailed exposition and reinterpretation of Lombardi's methods, to illustrate how our hypotheses work in concert with his techniques, and we provide a dialog with prior methods of constructing FPUT nanopterons, to expose similarities and differences with the present approach.
Association of blood group with COVID‐19 disease susceptibility and severity in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hindawi Salwa , Daghistani Sundus , Elgemmezi Tarek , Radhwi Osman , Badawi Maha , Al‐Tayeb Wejdan , Felemban Sameera , Qadi Abdulelah , Kaki Reham , Badawi Mazen , Madani Tariq A.
Published: February 2023

Background

Novel SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) virus has rapidly spread worldwide and was declared a pandemic, making identifying and prioritizing individuals most at risk a critical challenge. The literature describes an association between blood groups and the susceptibility to various viral infections and their severity. Knowing if a specific blood group has more susceptibility to COVID‐19 may help improve understanding the pathogenesis and severity of the disease. We aimed to assess the association between ABO/RhD and COVID‐19 susceptibility and severity, and to compare results with similar studies in Saudi Arabia.

Study Design and Methods

This study was conducted between March and October 2021 on 600 patients confirmed positive for COVID‐19 infection. Patients' data were collected and analyzed. As a control, 8423 healthy blood donors were enrolled as a sample representative of the population for blood group distribution.

Results

More individuals had blood group B in the COVID‐19 group in comparison with the control group (24.2% vs. 18%), The opposite was observed among individuals of group O (39.5% vs. 47.3%). The B blood group was predictive of higher risk of mortality. No significant difference in the distribution of RhD was observed between the COVID‐19 and the control groups. Neither ABO nor RhD was significantly associated with the severity of COVID‐19.

Discussion

Although there was no significant association with the disease severity, the B blood group may be associated with a higher risk for COVID‐19 infection. Further studies with a larger sample size are necessary to evaluate this correlation.
Simplicial volume and essentiality of manifolds fibered over spheres
Authors: Kastenholz Thorben , Reinhold Jens
Published: February 2023

We study the question when a manifold that fibers over a sphere can be rationally essential, or have positive simplicial volume. More concretely, we show that mapping tori of manifolds (whose fundamental groups can be quite arbitrary) of dimension with non‐zero simplicial volume are very common. This contrasts the case of fiber bundles over a sphere of dimension : we prove that their total spaces are rationally inessential if , and always have simplicial volume 0. Using a result by Dranishnikov, we also deduce a surprising property of macroscopic dimension, and we give two applications to positive scalar curvature and characteristic classes, respectively.
Electroadhesion-Mediated Interface Delamination for Assembly of Reconfigurable 3D Mesostructures
Authors: Pang Wenbo , Liu Liya , Xu Shiwei , Shuai Yumeng , Zhao Jianzhong , Zhang Yihui
Published: February 2023

Recently developed buckling-guided assembly methods provide a unique route to the design and manufacture of 3D mesostructures and microelectronic devices with superior performances and unusual functions. Combined with loading-path controlled strategies and/or active material designs, reconfigurable 3D mesostructures with multiple stable 3D geometries can be formed, holding promising potentials for applications in tunable antennas and multimodal actuators. The existing strategies are, however, limited by the applicable range of material types or requirements for switching between various complicated loading paths. Here, we present an electroadhesion-mediated strategy to achieve controlled adhesion of the 3D mesostructure to the substrate during the buckling-guided assembly. This strategy allows an active control of the delamination behavior in the film/substrate system, such that a variety of reconfigurable 3D mesostructures can be accessed by designing the 2D precursor pattern and electrode layout. An electromechanical model is developed to capture the delamination behavior of the film/substrate system under combined compression and voltage loadings, which agrees well with experimental measurements. Based on this model, an equivalent interface energy is proposed to quantify the contributions of the electroadhesion and van der Waals’ interactions, which also facilitates simulations of the interface delamination with cohesive models in finite element analyses (FEAs). Furthermore, a variety of reconfigurable 3D mesostructures are demonstrated experimentally, and their geometric configurations are in close accordance with the results of FEA using the concept of equivalent interface energy.
Mammography and breast ultrasound analysis in male and female transgender persons using long-term gender affirming hormone therapy: a cross-sectional study in Brazil
Authors: Ramos Ana A. Bartolamei , Spadoni Cristiane , Santander Paulina , Dos Santos Beatriz , Andrade Rosires , Kulak Jaime
Published: February 2023

Aim: There is not much information about breast health in transgender (transexual) persons given the historical stigma that this population suffers. This research aimed to describe breast imaging patterns in transgender (trans) women and men that had been using gender affirmation hormone treatment for at least 3 years.Material and methods: In this observational, cross-sectional study, 67 transgender individuals (34 trans women and 33 trans men) had mammography and breast ultrasound performed. We also classified the findings by the American College of Radiology – Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR BI-RADS®).Results: We found that there was a higher frequency of dense breasts in trans women (75.8%) and in trans men (66,6%) than expected for cisgender (cis) women.Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of a deeper understanding of the image patterns of transgender breasts because of hormonal effects that the gender transition entails so we can offer better health care and preventive services in the transgender (transexual) population.
En la ciudad capitalista, Madrid
Authors:   IMA, García García Elena
Published: February 2023

Madrid como ciudad capitalista: el caso práctico de La Quimera en Lavapiés
Two new species of feather mites (Acari: Psoroptidia) from the Rusty-capped Fulvetta, Schoeniparus dubius (Passeriformes: Pellorneidae) in India
Authors: Constantinescu Ioana Cristina , Adam Costică , Chișamera Gabriel Bogdan , Gavril Viorel , Motoc Rozalia , Mukhim D. Khlur B. , Cobzaru Ioana
Published: February 2023

Two new species of feather mites are described from the Rusty-capped Fulvetta Schoeniparus dubius (Hume) (Passeriformes: Pellorneidae) in India (Meghalaya): Proterothrix manolelii Constantinescu sp. n. (Proctophyllodidae: Pterodectinae) and Trouessartia asiatica Constantinescu sp. n. (Trouessartiidae). Proterothrix manolelii belongs to the paradoxornis complex (wolffi species group) in having, in males, seta e of tarsus I lanceolate and the aedeagus long and whip-shaped. Among the other six species of the paradoxornis complex, this species appears to be closest to P. alcippeae Mironov, Literak, Hung & Capek, 2012 from the Rufous-throated Fulvetta, Schoeniparus rufogularis (Mandelli) (Passeriformes: Pellorneidae). Males of Proterothrix manolelii are distinguished from the latter in having the pentagonal structure formed by epimerites of propodosoma completely closed, the opisthosomal lobes almost three times longer than wide at base, and setae mGI and mGII lanceolate. Females of P. manolelii have the sternum about 1/3 of the total length of epimerites I, and the primary spermaduct is thickened only in distal 1/3. Trouessartia asiatica is the first species of the genus described from a bird host in the family Pellorneidae. Males of T. asiatica are clearly differentiated from related species described from birds in the family Leiotrichidae (T. cyanouropterae Constantinescu, 2016, T. alcippeae Constantinescu, 2016, and T. pauciseta Constantinescu, Chișamera, Motoc, Gustafsson, Zou, Chu and Adam, 2021), in the position and shape of the genital setae g, which are enlarged in basal 2/3rd and located far distantly from the base of genital apparatus, posterior to bases of setae 4a. Females of this species are clearly distinguished in the shape of the primary spermaduct, which is thickened along its entire length.
Near ambient pressure–x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra of lithium hexafluorophosphate in ethylene/dimethyl carbonate
Authors: Dietrich Paul M. , Thissen Andreas
Published: February 2023

Near ambient pressure–x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) is a less traditional form of XPS that allows samples to be analyzed at relatively high pressures, i.e., at greater than 5000 Pa. NAP-XPS can probe moderately volatile liquids, biological samples, porous materials, and/or polymeric materials that outgas significantly. In this submission, we show the survey, Li 1s, P 2p, C 1s, N 1s, O 1s, and F1s NAP-XPS spectra of a Li-based electrolyte solution, which is a material that would be difficult to analyze by conventional XPS. The measurements were performed at 1000 Pa in ambient gas atmosphere to compensate for surface charging. Peak fits of the C 1s, O 1s, and F 1s narrow scans are presented.
The broadband transport theory approach to model internal wave induced scattering across deep water acoustic time-fronts
Authors: Periyasamy Sivaselvi , Chandrayadula Tarun K.
Published: February 2023

There are currently no models to fully predict the effects of internal wave induced scattering on acoustic pulses. Existing models, which predict time domain statistics, either use the ray-based path integral method or Monte Carlo type simulations. The path integral method fails to accurately predict all of the effects of scattering. The Monte Carlo methods base the statistics on ensemble averages and are not physics-based models. This paper overcomes these limitations by using the modes of the waveguide in a transport theory application. The transport theory equations have, thus far, been used only to explain diffusion of mode intensities and decorrelation due to internal waves at individual frequencies. This paper extends the current narrowband application predict mode correlations across different frequencies and, from that, the broadband time-front, time wander, travel time bias, and the amount of spread in intensity across time and depth. To validate these predictions, this paper uses separate parabolic equation simulations. The comparisons between the two are good, suggesting a success for the mode-based transport theory approach.
Sound emergence as a predictor of short-term annoyance from wind turbine noise
Authors: Ruaud Elise , Dutilleux Guillaume
Published: February 2023

While sound emergence is used in several countries to regulate wind energy development, there is no published evidence that it is a relevant noise descriptor for this purpose. In the present work, we carried out two listening tests to evaluate the merits of sound emergence. Three definitions of sound emergence were considered: the one in ISO 1996-1, sound emergence under audibility condition eUAC, and spectral emergence eSP. We also considered the specific to residual ratio and loudness metrics. In each listening test, the sound stimuli consisted of 48 sound stimuli at three A-weighted sound pressure levels {30, 40, 50} dB and four specific-to-residual ratios {−10,−5,0,+5} dB. The results lead to the conclusion that short term annoyance is better predicted by the total sound pressure level than by sound emergence, whatever the definition considered for the latter, or than by the specific to residual ratio. Short-term annoyance is slightly better predicted by eUAC than by e, while e is a better predictor than eSP. The total sound pressure level and the loudness metrics performed similarly. Furthermore, the results provide evidence that sound emergence is a poor predictor of the audibility of wind turbine sounds.
The Acute Effect of Various Feedback Approaches on Sprint Performance, Motivation, and Affective Mood States in Highly Trained Female Athletes: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Di Bella Larissa , Doma Kenji , Sinclair Wade Heath , Connor Jonathan Douglas
Published: February 2023

Purpose: This crossover trial compared the effects of varying feedback approaches on sprint performance, motivation, and affective mood states in female athletes. Methods: Eligibility criteria were being competitive female athletes, where participants completed sprint tests in 4 randomized feedback conditions on grass, including augmented feedback (sprint time; AUG-FB), technical feedback (cues; TECH-FB), a competition-driven drill (CDD) sprinting against an opponent, and a control condition (no feedback; CON). Participants completed a 20-m sprint (maximum sprint), 30-m curved agility sprint, and a repeated sprint ability test, with sprint times, motivation level, and mood states recorded. The participants were blinded from the number of trials during the repeated sprint ability test. Results: About 12 rugby league players completed all feedback conditions. The maximum sprint times were faster for AUG-FB (3.54 [0.16] s) and CDD (3.54 [0.16] s) compared with TECH-FB (3.64 [0.16] s), while there were no differences compared with CON (3.58 [0.17] s). The curved agility sprint times were faster for AUG-FB (5.42 [0.20] s) compared with TECH-FB (5.61 [0.21] s) and CON (5.57 [0.24] s), although CDD (5.38 [0.26] s) produced faster sprint times than TECH-FB. Effort and value were higher with AUG-FB (6.31 [0.68]; 6.53 [0.05]) compared with CON (5.99 [0.60]; 4.75 [2.07]), while CON exhibited lower enjoyment ratings (4.68 [0.95]) compared with other feedback conditions (AUG-FB: 5.54 [0.72]; CDD: 5.56 [0.67]; TECH-FB: 5.60 [0.56]). Conclusions: Providing AUG-FB prior to sprint tasks enhances more immediate performance outcomes than TECH-FB. AUG-FB also benefited athlete enjoyment, task effort, and coaching value. Female athletes should receive AUG-FB in testing and training environments, to improve immediate physical performance and motivation.
A single amino acid deletion in the ER Ca
2+
sensor STIM1 reverses the in vitro and in vivo effects of the Stormorken syndrome–causing R304W mutation
Authors: Gamage Thilini H. , Grabmayr Herwig , Horvath Ferdinand , Fahrner Marc , Misceo Doriana , Louch William Edward , Gunnes Gjermund , Pullisaar Helen , Reseland Janne Elin , Lyngstadaas Staale Petter , Holmgren Asbjørn , Amundsen Silja S. , Rathner Petr , Cerofolini Linda , Ravera Enrico , Krobath Heinrich , Luchinat Claudio , Renger Thomas , Müller Norbert , Romanin Christoph , Frengen Eirik
Published: February 2023

Stormorken syndrome is a multiorgan hereditary disease caused by dysfunction of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca
2+
sensor protein STIM1, which forms the Ca
2+
release–activated Ca
2+
(CRAC) channel together with the plasma membrane channel Orai1. ER Ca
2+
store depletion activates STIM1 by releasing the intramolecular “clamp” formed between the coiled coil 1 (CC1) and CC3 domains of the protein, enabling the C terminus to extend and interact with Orai1. The most frequently occurring mutation in patients with Stormorken syndrome is R304W, which destabilizes and extends the STIM1 C terminus independently of ER Ca
2+
store depletion, causing constitutive binding to Orai1 and CRAC channel activation. We found that in cis deletion of one amino acid residue, Glu
296
(which we called E296del) reversed the pathological effects of R304W. Homozygous Stim1 E296del+R304W mice were viable and phenotypically indistinguishable from wild-type mice. NMR spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and cellular experiments revealed that although the R304W mutation prevented CC1 from interacting with CC3, the additional deletion of Glu
296
opposed this effect by enabling CC1-CC3 binding and restoring the CC domain interactions within STIM1 that are critical for proper CRAC channel function. Our results provide insight into the activation mechanism of STIM1 by clarifying the molecular basis of mutation-elicited protein dysfunction and pathophysiology.
Interspecies Horizontal Transfer and Specific Integration of the Mosquitocidal Toxin-Encoding Plasmid pTAND672-2 from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
israelensis
to Lysinibacillus sphaericus
Authors: Geng Peiling , Zhao Puying , Wan Xiaofu , Mahillon Jacques , Hu Yifeng , Gong Yunfei , Hu Xiaomin
Published: February 2023

Horizontal transfer of mobile genetic elements carrying mosquitocidal toxin genes may play a driving role in the diversity of mosquitocidal bacteria. Here, the 144-kb mosquitocidal toxin-encoding plasmid pTAND672-2 is the first verified integrative and conjugative element (ICE) identified in
Bacillus thuringiensis
serovar
israelensis
.
Structure and Function of Gli123 Involved in Mycoplasma mobile Gliding
Authors: Matsuike Daiki , Tahara Yuhei O. , Nonaka Takahiro , Wu Heng Ning , Hamaguchi Tasuku , Kudo Hisashi , Hayashi Yuuki , Arai Munehito , Miyata Makoto
Published: February 2023

Mycoplasmas are pathogenic bacteria that are widespread in animals. They are characterized by small cell and genome sizes but are equipped with unique abilities for infection, such as surface variation and gliding.
A MAPS Vaccine Induces Multipronged Systemic and Tissue-Resident Cellular Responses and Protects Mice against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: O’Hara Joanne M. , Wakabayashi Shoko , Siddiqi Noman , Cheung Elaine , Babunovic Gregory H. , Thompson Claudette M. , Lu Ying-Jie , Rubin Eric J. , Malley Richard , Zhang Fan
Published: February 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Here, we evaluate a novel vaccine which induces a broad immune response to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
including robust antibody responses and long-lived systemic and tissue-resident memory Th1, Th17, and cytotoxic CD4
+
and CD8
+
T cells.
A Systems Biology Approach To Disentangle the Direct and Indirect Effects of Global Transcription Factors on Gene Expression in Escherichia coli
Authors: Iyer Mahesh S. , Pal Ankita , Venkatesh K. V.
Published: February 2023

Understanding the pleiotropic effects of global TFs on gene expression and their relevance underlying a specific response in a particular environment has been challenging. Here, we distinguish the TF-driven direct effects and growth rate-mediated indirect effects on gene expression using single- and double-deletion mutants of FNR, ArcA, and IHF regulators under anaerobic glucose fermentation.
Divergent Outcomes of Direct Conspecific Pathogen Strain Interaction and Plant Co-Infection Suggest Consequences for Disease Dynamics
Authors: Bellah Hadjer , Seiler Nicolas F. , Croll Daniel
Published: February 2023

Plants are often attacked by a multitude of pathogens simultaneously, and different species can facilitate or constrain the colonization by others. To what extent simultaneous colonization by different strains of the same species matters, remains unclear.
Impact of Implementation of BacT
/
Alert Virtuo on Blood Culture Time to Positivity in Sepsis Patients
Authors: Mazzulli Tony , Ratkov Dimitrije , Guglielmin Kristyn , Gandhi Bharat , Remington Richard , Birch Robert , Zimmer Louise , Garner Cherilyn D.
Published: February 2023

Sepsis affects millions of people around the world each year, and accounts for a significant number of deaths in hospital intensive care units (ICU). Timely diagnosis is key to decreasing morbidity and mortality.
Sediment waves control origins of submarine canyons
Authors: Wang Xingxing , Kneller Benjamin , Sun Qiliang
Published: February 2023

Submarine canyons commonly occur on virtually all continental slopes. Their varied origins are widely studied but still debatable. Eastward (along-slope)–migrating submarine canyons, with nearly regular spacing, are well developed at the northern South China Sea. High-resolution three-dimensional seismic data show that these canyons are localized in the troughs between sediment waves. The waves were present on the slope since before ca. 10.5 Ma and were especially well developed during the late Miocene (ca. 10.5–5.5 Ma). This interval can be divided into two units, of which the upper unit (SU II) has larger sediment waves and much better-developed canyons compared to the lower unit (SU I). Submarine fans developed at the canyon mouths within SU II at the downdip termination of the confinement caused by the sediment waves. Gravity currents were captured between the waves, resulting in erosion mainly along the troughs between them. The canyons were forced to migrate eastward by the migration of the confining sediment waves. In this study, we present a new mechanism for the origin of such regularly spaced submarine canyons for the first time, which we attribute to the formation of regularly spaced sediment waves generated by contour currents.
Horsefly (genus Tabanus) bite: allergy or infection?
Authors: Kelly Katherine , Grose Pauline
Published: February 2023

Summer heatwaves are often associated with increased reports of insect bites as people enjoy spending time outdoors. The horsefly (genus Tabanus), or ‘cleg’ as it is colloquially known, often receives negative publicity due to peak activity in summer. Following an increase in local hospital presentations due to complications of bites, discussion among colleagues suggested a lack of knowledge regarding best management.

We present a case of a woman in her 30s with a large erythematous swelling on her thigh following a suspected horsefly bite. Review revealed no clinical evidence of sepsis but a localised inflammatory response. Inflammatory markers were normal and she was treated with intravenous antibiotics and oral antihistamines to good effect.

This case highlights secondary care presentation of a common condition and discusses potential complications, pathogenesis and uncertainties around best practice guidelines for treatment. We highlight strategies to aid antibiotic stewardship, reduce complications and secondary care presentation.
Canadians’ opinions towards COVID-19 data-sharing: a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Savic Kallesoe Sarah A , Rabbani Tian , Gill Erin E , Brinkman Fiona , Griffiths Emma J , Zawati Ma'n , Liu Hanshi , Palmour Nicole , Joly Yann , Hsiao William W L
Published: February 2023

Objectives

COVID-19 research has significantly contributed to pandemic response and the enhancement of public health capacity. COVID-19 data collected by provincial/territorial health authorities in Canada are valuable for research advancement yet not readily available to the public, including researchers. To inform developments in public health data-sharing in Canada, we explored Canadians’ opinions of public health authorities sharing deidentified individual-level COVID-19 data publicly.

Design/setting/interventions/outcomes

A national cross-sectional survey was administered in Canada in March 2022, assessing Canadians’ opinions on publicly sharing COVID-19 datatypes. Market research firm Léger was employed for recruitment and data collection.

Participants

Anyone greater than or equal to 18 years and currently living in Canada.

Results

4981 participants completed the survey with a 92.3% response rate. 79.7% were supportive of provincial/territorial authorities publicly sharing deidentified COVID-19 data, while 20.3% were hesitant/averse/unsure. Datatypes most supported for being shared publicly were symptoms (83.0% in support), geographical region (82.6%) and COVID-19 vaccination status (81.7%). Datatypes with the most aversion were employment sector (27.4% averse), postal area (26.7%) and international travel history (19.7%). Generally supportive Canadians were characterised as being ≥50 years, with higher education, and being vaccinated against COVID-19 at least once. Vaccination status was the most influential predictor of data-sharing opinion, with respondents who were ever vaccinated being 4.20 times more likely (95% CI 3.21 to 5.48, p=0.000) to be generally supportive of data-sharing than those unvaccinated.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the Canadian public is generally favourable to deidentified data-sharing. Identifying factors that are likely to improve attitudes towards data-sharing are useful to stakeholders involved in data-sharing initiatives, such as public health agencies, in informing the development of public health communication and data-sharing policies. As Canada progresses through the COVID-19 pandemic, and with limited testing and reporting of COVID-19 data, it is essential to improve deidentified data-sharing given the public’s general support for these efforts.
Cohort profile: The Vitality 90+ Study—a cohort study on health and living conditions of the oldest old in Tampere, Finland
Authors: Enroth Linda , Halonen Pauliina , Tiainen Kristina , Raitanen Jani , Jylhä Marja
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Vitality 90+ is an ongoing population-based study with repeated cross-sectional data collections. The study was designed to examine trends in health, functioning, living conditions, quality of life and care needs among the oldest old in Finland.

Participants

Nine mailed surveys have been conducted in the city of Tampere between 1995 and 2018. The first three surveys in 1995, 1996 and 1998 included all community-dwelling individuals aged 90 years or older; and the following six surveys in 2001, 2003, 2007, 2010, 2014 and 2018 covered all individuals in Tampere regardless of their living arrangements. In total, the surveys have included 5935 participants (8840 observations). Around 80% of the participants have been women. The participants’ age range has been between 90 and 107 years.

Findings to date

The surveys have consistently asked the same questions over time, covering basic sociodemographic factors, morbidity, functioning, self-rated health (SRH), living arrangements, social relations, quality of life, care needs and providers of care. Survey data have been linked with national register data on health and social service use, mortality and medication. The main findings regarding the time trends show an increase in the proportion of people independent in activities of daily living and mobility. Along with improved functioning, the number of chronic conditions has increased, and SRH has shown a tendency to decline. In addition, we have found increasing occupational class inequalities in functioning and SRH over time.

Future plans

The next round of data collection will be completed by the end of 2022. The Vitality 90+ Study welcomes research collaborations that fall within the general aims of the project. The research data 1995–2014 are archived at the Finnish Social Science Data Archive and the data for years 2018 and 2022 will be archived in 2023.
Connections Lab: a case study exploring a web-based innovation designed to advance shared risk and protective factor approaches to preventing injuries and violence
Authors: Porter Jamila M , Robinson Ina , Roberts Carly , Zavala Claudia
Published: February 2023

Background

Injuries and violence share many of the same risk and protective factors, which are rooted in the social determinants of health (SDOH) and the social determinants of equity. Addressing shared risk and protective factors (SRPFs)—common factors that make it more or less likely that a population will experience injuries or violence—is critical prevention efforts. The Safe States Alliance created the Connections Lab—a suite of web-based resources to help injury and violence prevention public health practitioners and their partners understand, describe, implement and evaluate SRPF approaches.

Design

A mixed-methods approach using the Diffusion of Innovation Theory assessed how the Connections Lab influenced users’ knowledge, abilities and work related to SRPF approaches. A web-based survey was administered to 234 participants in April–May 2021. Semistructured virtual group discussions were conducted with a subset of 15 survey respondents who volunteered to participate.

Results

The case study revealed three key findings. The Connections Lab: was diffused among practitioners across sectors within and outside of public health; it increased practitioners’ perceived proficiency across 10 skill sets related to describing, planning, implementing and evaluating SRPF approaches; and it increased understanding of the importance of upstream and structural drivers of injuries and violence.

Conclusion

The Connections Lab was a critical first step to expand the definition of SRPF approaches, connect SRPFs to concepts of equity and the SDOH, and provide strategies for engaging partners in public health and across other sectors in SRPF approaches.
Delayed self-fertilization and chemical analysis of floral nectar of a perennial relative of the tomato and potato from Mexico
Authors: Mione Thomas , Wilson Paul R. , Kudewicz Julia E. , Chakraborty Sourav
Published: February 2023

We studied the floral reproductive biology and nectar chemistry of Jaltomata grandiflora (Solanaceae), an apparently rare perennial of Michoacán, Mexico. During day 1, flowers are pistillate (stigma receptive, anthers not yet presenting pollen); flowers close for the night. Early in the morning of day 2, the corolla re-opens, stamens elongate to five times their earlier length, and anthers dehisce; the dehisced anthers remain about 2 mm from the stigma for much of day 2. In the afternoon of day 2, the corolla again closes, the corolla–androecium abscises, and only then can pollen be seen on the stigma. Protogyny and herkogamy likely promote outcrossing during days 1 and 2, respectively. Autonomous self-pollination takes place at the end of the corolla's life and allows fruit and seed production in the absence of pollinators but results in fruits that are lighter and contain fewer seeds than fruits resulting from manual self-pollinations. Carbohydrates from floral nectar samples were separated and quantified using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with corona charged aerosol detection. In nectar, mean sucrose concentration (0.482 mg/mg nectar), is about 10 and five times higher than glucose (0.043 mg/mg nectar) and fructose (0.095 mg/mg nectar) concentrations.
Sea-level index of recruitment variability improves assessment model performance for sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria
Authors: Tolimieri N. , Haltuch M.A.
Published: February 2023

Environmental recruitment indices may improve the precision of stock assessments, allow hindcasting, and aid in near-term forecasting. We used Bayesian dynamic factor analysis (DFA) to find common trends in sea level from 16 tide gauges spanning the US West Coast. We then used these dynamic factors as predictors of sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria recruitment deviations from the 2021 assessment. We evaluated the ability of the resulting northern sea-level index (north of Cape Mendocino, ∼40°N) to inform recruitment estimates and its impacts on assessment model predictions by running two hindcast stock assessment models: (1) a catch-only model, which assumed average recruitment from the stock–recruit relationship, and (2) a catch plus sea-level model. In both cases, survey data were removed from 2011 forward. The model including sea-level index captured the observed increase in stock biomass from 2016 onwards, while the catch-only model did not, predicting a continued biomass decline. This work provides evidence of the potential to improve forward-looking stock projections by better capturing stock trends, providing an advance over average recruitment assumptions.
Electronegativity and magnetic correlation in Cr-, Mn-, Co- and Ni-doped LiMgP half-Heusler as promised ferromagnetism material: A DFT study
Authors: Ziat Younes , Zarhri Zakaryaa , Lakhal Yassine , Baghli Fatima Zahra
Published: February 2023

This work reports first-principle calculations for LiMgP half-Heusler compound doped by the transition metal elements Cr, Mn, Co and Ni motivated by present findings, in which the ferromagnetism conduct is predicted. The studied LiMg[Formula: see text]P alloy ([Formula: see text], Mn, Co and Ni) showed the ferromagnetic behavior. The calculations revealed that the main contributions to the net magnetization come from Cr, Mn, Co and Ni. The Cr[Formula: see text] will have four electrons, in which 2 electrons are in [Formula: see text] and other 2 occupy the [Formula: see text]. Then, this orbital is set on the Fermi level. For LiMg[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text]P alloy, the half-metallic conduct is estimated with 100% polarized on the downside of the Fermi level. Also, LiMg[Formula: see text]Ni[Formula: see text]P alloy exhibits the half-metallic conduct on the downside of the Fermi level which is occupied by [Formula: see text] minority state. This study stated that electronegativity and magnetic properties have correlation with regard to Cr-, Mn-, Co- and Ni-doped LiMgP, in which the trends of partial moments, electronegativity and total moments are [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Down the Rabbit Hole: Detecting Online Extremism, Radicalisation, and Politicised Hate Speech
Authors: Govers Jarod , Feldman Philip , Dant Aaron , Patros Panos
Published: February 2023

Social media is a modern person’s digital voice to project and engage with new ideas and mobilise communities—a power shared with extremists. Given the societal risks of unvetted content-moderating algorithms forExtremism, Radicalisation,andHate speech(ERH)detection, responsible software engineering must understand the who, what, when, where, and why such models are necessary to protect user safetyandfree expression. Hence, we propose and examine the unique research field ofERH context miningto unify disjoint studies. Specifically, we evaluate the start-to-finish design process from socio-technical definition-building and dataset collection strategies to technical algorithm design and performance. Our 2015–2021 51-studySystematic Literature Review (SLR)provides the first cross-examination of textual, network, and visual approaches to detectingextremistaffiliation,hatefulcontent, andradicalisationtowards groups and movements. We identify consensus-driven ERH definitions and propose solutions to existing ideological and geographic biases, particularly due to the lack of research in Oceania/Australasia. Our hybridised investigation on Natural Language Processing, Community Detection, and visual-text models demonstrates the dominating performance of textual transformer-based algorithms. We conclude with vital recommendations for ERH context mining researchers and propose an uptake roadmap with guidelines for researchers, industries, and governments to enable a safer cyberspace.
A Taxonomy and Archetypes of Business Analytics in Smart Manufacturing
Authors: Wanner Jonas , Wissuchek Christopher , Welsch Giacomo , Janiesch Christian
Published: February 2023

Fueled by increasing data availability and the rise of technological advances for data processing and communication, business analytics is a key driver for smart manufacturing. However, due to the multitude of different local advances as well as its multidisciplinary complexity, both researchers and practitioners struggle to keep track of the progress and acquire new knowledge within the field, as there is a lack of a holistic conceptualization. To address this issue, we performed an extensive structured literature review, yielding 904 relevant hits, to develop a quadripartite taxonomy as well as to derive archetypes of business analytics in smart manufacturing. The taxonomy comprises the following meta-characteristics: application domain, orientation as the objective of the analysis, data origins, and analysis techniques. Collectively, they comprise eight dimensions with a total of 52 distinct characteristics. Using a cluster analysis, we found six archetypes that represent a synthesis of existing knowledge on planning, maintenance (reactive, offline, and online predictive), monitoring, and quality management. A temporal analysis highlights the push beyond predictive approaches and confirms that deep learning already dominates novel applications. Our results constitute an entry point to the field but can also serve as a reference work and a guide with which to assess the adequacy of one's own instruments.
Examining the Low- Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography Technique for EEG Brain Mapping
Authors: Tejay Gurvirender P. , Mohammed Zareef A.
Published: February 2023

NeuroIS presents a new opportunity for information systems research. Often used neuroscience techniques include brain mapping with the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) device or eventrelated potential time-domain studies with the electroencephalogram (EEG). The critics of EEG consider the poor spatial resolution as justification for EEG's inadequacy to brain mapping studies. However, the low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) technique provides strong estimation parameters allowing EEG to perform brain mapping. This paper presents EEG (with lower number of channels) and LORETA techniques as an effective approach for exploratory investigation specially when researchers are constrained with lack of resources (specially at significantly lower costs). We demonstrate the effectiveness of EEG using sLORETA with respect to fMRI as proof-of-concept approach to study IS phenomenon. The results of such studies can serve as a preliminary step for further analysis with the use of more sophisticated neuroscience devices. This can enhance IS research by taking advantage of both high temporal and spatial resolution leading to reduced estimation errors of neural activity and stronger basis for correlating neural activity and specific tasks. We also present a set of guidelines for using the LORETA family of techniques in IS research.