bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network Based on Dynamic Level‐Set Loss Function for Spine MR Image Segmentation
Authors: He Siyuan , Li Qi , Li Xianda , Zhang Mengchao
Published: June 2023

Background

Spine MR image segmentation is important foundation for computer‐aided diagnostic (CAD) algorithms of spine disorders. Convolutional neural networks segment effectively, but require high computational costs.

Purpose

To design a lightweight model based on dynamic level‐set loss function for high segmentation performance.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

Four hundred forty‐eight subjects (3163 images) from two separate datasets. Dataset‐1: 276 subjects/994 images (53.26% female, mean age 49.02 ± 14.09), all for disc degeneration screening, 188 had disc degeneration, 67 had herniated disc. Dataset‐2: public dataset with 172 subjects/2169 images, 142 patients with vertebral degeneration, 163 patients with disc degeneration.

Field Strength/Sequence

T2 weighted turbo spin echo sequences at 3T.

Assessment

Dynamic Level‐set Net (DLS‐Net) was compared with four mainstream (including U‐net++) and four lightweight models, and manual label made by five radiologists (vertebrae, discs, spinal fluid) used as segmentation evaluation standard. Five‐fold cross‐validation are used for all experiments. Based on segmentation, a CAD algorithm of lumbar disc was designed for assessing DLS‐Net's practicality, and the text annotation (normal, bulging, or herniated) from medical history data were used as evaluation standard.

Statistical Tests

All segmentation models were evaluated with DSC, accuracy, precision, and AUC. The pixel numbers of segmented results were compared with manual label using paired t‐tests, with P < 0.05 indicating significance. The CAD algorithm was evaluated with accuracy of lumbar disc diagnosis.

Results

With only 1.48% parameters of U‐net++, DLS‐Net achieved similar accuracy in both datasets (Dataset‐1: DSC 0.88 vs. 0.89, AUC 0.94 vs. 0.94; Dataset‐2: DSC 0.86 vs. 0.86, AUC 0.93 vs. 0.93). The segmentation results of DLS‐Net showed no significant differences with manual labels in pixel numbers for discs (Dataset‐1: 1603.30 vs. 1588.77, P = 0.22; Dataset‐2: 863.61 vs. 886.4, P = 0.14) and vertebrae (Dataset‐1: 3984.28 vs. 3961.94, P = 0.38; Dataset‐2: 4806.91 vs. 4732.85, P = 0.21). Based on DLS‐Net's segmentation results, the CAD algorithm achieved higher accuracy than using non‐cropped MR images (87.47% vs. 61.82%).

Data Conclusion

The proposed DLS‐Net has fewer parameters but achieves similar accuracy to U‐net++, helps CAD algorithm achieve higher accuracy, which facilitates wider application.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1
Polymorphism in epigenetic regulating genes in relation to periodontitis, number of teeth, and levels of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein and glycated hemoglobin: The Tromsø Study 2015‐2016
Authors: Asa'ad Farah , Petrenya Natalia , Jönsson Birgitta , Holde Gro Eirin , Oscarson Nils , Hadler‐Olsen Elin , Vieira Alexandre R. , Petzold Max , Larsson Lena
Published: June 2023

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between periodontitis and four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in epigenetic regulation of DNA, and between these same SNPs and tooth loss, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.

Methods

We included participants with periodontal examination (n = 3633, aged: 40–93 years) from the Tromsø Study seventh survey (2015–2016), Norway. Periodontitis was defined according to the 2017 AAP/EFP classification system as no periodontitis, grades A, B, or C. Salivary DNA was extracted and genotyping was performed to investigate four SNPs (rs2288349, rs35474715, rs34023346, and rs10010325) in the sequence of the genes DNMT1, IDH2, TET1, and TET2. Association between SNPs and periodontitis was analyzed by logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, and smoking. Subgroup analyses on participants aged 40–49 years were performed.

Results

In participants aged 40‐49 years, homozygous carriage of minor A‐allele of rs2288349 (DNMT1) was associated with decreased susceptibility to periodontitis (grade A: odds ratio [OR] 0.55; p = 0.014: grade B/C OR 0.48; p = 0.004). The minor A‐allele of rs10010325 (TET2) was associated with increased susceptibility to periodontitis (grade A OR 1.69; p = 0.035: grade B/C OR 1.90; p = 0.014). In the entire sample, homozygous carriage of the G‐allele of rs35474715 (IDH2) was associated with having ≤24 teeth (OR 1.31; p = 0.018). Homozygous carriage of the A‐allele of TET2 was associated with hs‐CRP≥3 mg/L (OR 1.37; p = 0.025) and HbA1c≥6.5% (OR 1.62; p = 0.028).

Conclusions

In this Norwegian population, there were associations between polymorphism in genes related to DNA methylation and periodontitis, tooth loss, low‐grade inflammation, and hyperglycemia.
Maximal disjoint Schubert cycles in rational homogeneous varieties
Authors: Muñoz Roberto , Occhetta Gianluca , Solá Conde Luis E.
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we study properties of the Chow ring of rational homogeneous varieties of classical type, more concretely, effective zero divisors of low codimension, and a related invariant called effective good divisibility. This information is then used to study the question of (non)existence of nonconstant maps among these varieties, generalizing previous results for projective spaces and Grassmannians.
Master Curve for the Dimensions of Statistical Network Polymers
Authors: Tobita Hidetaka
Published: June 2023

The graph diameter D is correlated with the mean‐square radius of gyration Rg2 and is a useful measure to design and control the network architecture. The fraction d of segments located in the diameter chain, defined by d = D/ns, where ns is the total number of segments in the polymer, is investigated for various statistical network polymers. It is found that the relationship between d and the cycle rank r of the well‐developed statistical networks follows a master curve. As a convenient measure to define the well‐developed networks, the network maturity index (NMI) is proposed. The random crosslinked networks with NMI > 3 are considered well‐developed, but a larger value of NMI is required for the nonrandom, heterogeneous networks. With the help of prior knowledge of the relationship between Rg2 and D, the master curve for the relationship between the contraction factor g and r can also be determined.
Validation of the Swedish Patient‐Reported Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease Scale in Outpatients
Authors: von Below Daniel , Wallerstedt Susanna M. , Bergquist Filip
Published: June 2023

Background

Successful treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) requires symptom monitoring. Patient‐Reported Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease (PRO‐PD) is a broad scale that covers 35 motor and nonmotor symptoms, but its validation is limited.

Objective

The aim was to validate PRO‐PD in a random sample of outpatients with PD.

Methods

Of 2123 PD patients who visited outpatient clinics in West Sweden over a 12‐month period, 25% were randomly selected and invited to participate in a longitudinal observational study. Included patients were assessed at baseline, 1 year, and 3 years, with a subset also assessed at 3 to 6 months. The assessments included PRO‐PD, other patient‐reported scales, and Clinical Impression of Severity Index for Parkinson's Disease (CISI‐PD).

Results

The study included 286 PD patients. PRO‐PD ratings were available from 716 (96%) of 747 study visits. All PRO‐PD items exhibited positive skewness without ceiling effects. Internal consistency at baseline was excellent (Cronbach's α: 0.93). Six‐month test–retest reliability was good (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.87). Convergent validity was good, with correlation coefficients between total PRO‐PD and the 8‐Item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire of 0.70, the Non‐Motor Symptoms Questionnaire of 0.70, EuroQoL Five‐Dimension Five‐Level Scale of 0.71, and CISI‐PD of 0.69. Median PRO‐PD score at baseline was 995 (interquartile range: 613–1399), with a median yearly increase of 71 (interquartile range: −21 to 111). Items representing axial motor symptoms increased most over time. The minimal clinically important change in total score was 119.

Conclusions

PRO‐PD was found reliable and valid for monitoring symptoms in a representative sample of outpatients with PD. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Research on rainbow probabilistic forecast model based on meteorological conditions in ZhaoSu region
Authors: Liu Jing , Yu Jin , Lin Shen , Zhang Guodong , Zhang Shuo , Li Min , Lin Xiaoyue
Published: June 2023

An analysis of artificial rainbow observations in ZhaoSu region from 2017 to 2019 shows that rainbows mainly occur between 16:00 and 22:00 (LST) from April to September. The analysis based on the meteorological observation in the same period shows that precipitation, temperature, wind force and cloud variety contribute to rainbow formation. Approximately 90% of rainbows appear one hour after rainfall, and 100% of rainbows occur when the Beaufort wind scale is less than level 8 following Beaufort wind scale (less than 20.9 m/s), the temperature is greater than 8°C, and the cloud amount is greater than 40%, respectively. A rainbow probabilistic forecast model is constructed based on five meteorological factors. The forecast ability of the model is independently assessed by comparing rainbow forecasts and its observation in 2020. The Brier score is 0.20, indicating that the objective model is effective for rainbow forecasts.
On the impact of sup‐compositions in the resolution of multi‐adjoint relation equations
Authors: Lobo David , López‐Marchante Víctor , Medina Jesús
Published: June 2023

Multi‐adjoint relation equations are defined by means of a sup‐composition operator involving different conjunctions. Former works reveal that the resolution of a multi‐adjoint relation equation is closely related to such conjunctions. This paper presents a first approach on the study of the influence of the selection of a sup‐composition operator in different aspects of multi‐adjoint relation equations, as their solvability or the extremal elements of their solution set. The obtained results are illustrated by an example concerning multi‐adjoint logic programming. Last but not least, a procedure for reducing the computation of the solution set when only the sup‐composition operator is modified is also introduced.
Some integral inequalities via new generalized harmonically convexity
Authors: Baidar Abdul Wakil , Şanlı Zeynep , Kunt Mehmet
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we present a new generalized class of harmonically convex functions and discuss some of their algebraic properties. Furthermore, we establish some Hermite–Hadamard‐type inequalities via new generalized harmonically convexity. As applications of the findings in this study, some particular cases are described.
Notes on η‐Einstein solitons on para‐Kenmotsu manifolds
Authors: Yoldaş Halil İbrahim
Published: June 2023

The present paper deals with the investigation of Para‐Kenmotsu manifolds admitting
‐Einstein solitons. Some necessary conditions for such manifolds to be Einstein are given, and it is proven that if a para‐Kenmotsu manifold
admits an
‐Einstein soliton, then the manifold
is Einstein. Then, some noteworthy characterizations that classify para‐Kenmotsu manifolds admitting such solitons are obtained.
Optimizing examination time and diagnostic performance of the histamine‐induced axon‐reflex flare response in diabetes
Authors: Røikjer Johan , Croosu Suganthiya Santhiapillai , Borbjerg Mette Krabsmark , Hansen Tine Maria , Frøkjær Jens Brøndum , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars , Ejskjaer Niels , Mørch Carsten Dahl
Published: June 2023

Introduction/Aims

The axon‐reflex flare response is a reliable method for functional assessment of small fibers in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), but broad adoption is limited by the time requirement. The aims of this study were to (1) assess diagnostic performance and optimize time required for assessing the histamine‐induced flare response and (2) associate with established parameters.

Methods

A total of 60 participants with type 1 diabetes with (n = 33) or without (n = 27) DPN participated. The participants underwent quantitative sensory testing (QST), corneal confocal microscopy (CCM), and flare intensity and area size assessments by laser‐Doppler imaging (FLPI) following an epidermal skin‐prick application of histamine. The flare parameters were evaluated each minute for 15 min, and the diagnostic performance compared to QST and CCM were assessed using area under the curve (AUC). Minimum time‐requirements until differentiation and to achieve results comparable with a full examination were assessed.

Results

Flare area size had better diagnostic performance compared with CCM (AUC 0.88 vs. 0.77, p < 0.01) and QST (AUC 0.91 vs. 0.81, p = 0.02) than mean flare intensity, and could distinguish people with and without DPN after 4 min compared to after 6 min (both p < 0.01). Flare area size achieved a diagnostic performance comparable to a full examination after 6 and 7 min (CCM and QST respectively, p > 0.05), while mean flare intensity achieved it after 5 and 8 min (CCM and QST respectively, p > 0.05).

Discussion

The flare area size can be evaluated 6–7 min after histamine‐application, which increases diagnostic performance compared to mean flare intensity.
Male pediatric, adolescent, and young adult reproductive survivorship
Authors: Burns Karen , Phillips Christine , Brannigan Robert , Franklin Anna , Howell Jonathan , Schmidt Deb , Sopfe Jenna , Appiah Leslie Coker , Anazodo Antoinette
Published: June 2023

As pediatric, adolescent, and young adult cancer survival rates increase, emphasis is placed on reducing late effects, including reproductive complications and potential impact to fertility. Male survivors are at risk of abnormalities in sperm, hormone deficiencies, and sexual dysfunction. This can impact one's progression into puberty and ability to have a biological child and impacts quality of life following treatment. Access to reproductive care is important and requires patient assessment and appropriate referral to reproductive specialists. This review addresses reproductive complications associated with therapy, standard‐of‐care testing, and therapeutic interventions. The psychologic impact on psychosexual functioning is also addressed.
Gaussian expansion of Yukawa non‐local kinetic energy functionals: Application to metal clusters
Authors: Sarcinella Fulvio , Śmiga Szymon , Sala Fabio Della , Fabiano Eduardo
Published: June 2023

The development of kinetic energy (KE) functionals is one of the current challenges in density functional theory (DFT). The Yukawa non‐local KE functionals [Phys. Rev. B 103, 155127 (2021)] have been shown to describe accurately the Lindhard response of the homogeneous electron gas (HEG) directly in the real space, without any step in the reciprocal space. However, the Yukawa kernel employs an exponential function which cannot be efficiently represented in conventional Gaussian‐based quantum chemistry codes. Here, we present an expansion of the Yukawa kernel in Gaussian functions. We show that for the HEG this expansion is independent of the electronic density, and that for general finite systems the accuracy can be easily tuned. Finally, we present results for atomistic sodium clusters of different sizes, showing that simple Yukawa functionals can give superior accuracy as compared to semilocal functionals.
A model for sustainable development of the ship recycling industry: Empirical evidence from China
Authors: Zhou Qingji , Li Huiting , Loh Hui Shan
Published: June 2023

The ship recycling industry is a labor‐intensive field that often grapples with the issue of workers not adopting appropriate practices that are environmentally friendly and safe. However, the existing literature largely overlooks the consideration of workers' environmentally friendly and safety behaviors. Therefore, this study aims to explore the determinants of workers' environmentally friendly and safety behaviors during ship recycling by proposing a theoretical model that incorporates the theory of planned behavior. Survey data were collected from 170 participants in the ship recycling industry in China. Subsequently, structural equation modeling was applied to evaluate the proposed model. The findings highlight that factors such as attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, safety awareness, and perceived susceptibility directly or indirectly affect workers' environmentally friendly and safety behavior. The study offers important implications for ship recycling companies and environmental policies, fostering the emergence of sustainable development, and stakeholder engagement in the industry.
A worldsheet approach to 𝒩 = 1 heterotic flux backgrounds
Authors: Israël Dan , Proto Yann
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Heterotic backgrounds with torsion preserving minimal supersymmetry in four dimensions can be obtained as orbifolds of principal T2 bundles over K3. We consider a worldsheet description of these backgrounds as gauged linear sigma-models (GLSMs) with (0, 2) supersymmetry. Such a formulation provides a useful framework in order to address the resolution of singularities of the orbifold geometries. We investigate the constraints imposed by discrete symmetries on the corresponding torsional GLSMs. In particular, the principal T2 connection over K3 is inherited from (0, 2) vector multiplets. As these vectors gauge global scaling symmetries of products of projective spaces, the corresponding K3 geometry is naturally realized as an algebraic hypersurface in such a product (or as a branched cover of it). We outline the general construction for describing such orbifolds. We give explicit constructions for automorphisms of order two and three.
Anisotropic and frame dependent chaos of suspended strings from a dynamical holographic QCD model with magnetic field
Authors: Shukla Bhaskar , Dudal David , Mahapatra Subhash
Published: June 2023

Abstract

We investigate both from a qualitative as well as quantitative perspective the emergence of chaos in the QCD confining string in a magnetic field from a holographic view-point. We use an earlier developed bottom-up solution of the Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton action that mimics QCD and its thermodynamics quite well. Surprisingly, our predictions depend on the used frame: the magnetic field tends to suppress the chaos in both perpendicular and parallel directions relative to the magnetic field in the string frame whilst in the Einstein frame, the chaos suppression only happens in the perpendicular direction, with an enhanced chaos along the magnetic field. The amount of suppression/enhancement in both frames does depend on the relative orientation of the string and magnetic field.
Dualities of 3D 𝒩 = 1 SQCD from Branes and non-SUSY deformations
Authors: Armoni Adi , Stuardo Ricardo
Published: June 2023

Abstract

We study the dynamics of an ‘electric’ 𝒩 = 1 3D $$ \textrm{U}{\left({N}_c\right)}_{k,k+\frac{N_c}{2}} $$
U

N
c

k
,
k
+

N
c

2

SQCD theory. By embedding the theory in string theory, we propose that the theory admits a ‘magnetic’ dual and analyse the low energy dynamics of the theory using its dual. When $$ \frac{N_f}{2}\ge \frac{N_c}{2}-k $$

N
f

2

≥

N
c

2

−
k
the IR dynamics is described by either a TQFT for large quark masses, or a Grassmannian and a Wess-Zumino (WZ) term for small masses. We also consider non-supersymmetric mass deformations and RG flows in the vicinity of the SUSY point and find agreement between the IR of the electric and its magnetic dual. When $$ \frac{N_f}{2}<\frac{N_c}{2}-k $$

N
f

2

<

N
c

2

−
k
supersymmetry is broken and the IR dynamics is a described by a TQFT accompanied by a Goldstino. We also discuss SQCD theories based on SO/USp gauge groups.
Learning the language of QCD jets with transformers
Authors: Finke Thorben , Krämer Michael , Mück Alexander , Tönshoff Jan
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Transformers have become the primary architecture for natural language processing. In this study, we explore their use for auto-regressive density estimation in high-energy jet physics, which involves working with a high-dimensional space. We draw an analogy between sentences and words in natural language and jets and their constituents in high-energy physics. Specifically, we investigate density estimation for light QCD jets and hadronically decaying boosted top jets. Since transformers allow easy sampling from learned densities, we exploit their generative capability to assess the quality of the density estimate. Our results indicate that the generated data samples closely resemble the original data, as evidenced by the excellent agreement of distributions such as particle multiplicity or jet mass. Furthermore, the generated samples are difficult to distinguish from the original data, even by a powerful supervised classifier. Given their exceptional data processing capabilities, transformers could potentially be trained directly on the massive LHC data sets to learn the probability densities in high-energy jet physics.
The parton-level structure of Higgs decays to hadrons at N3LO
Authors: Chen Xuan , Jakubčík Petr , Marcoli Matteo , Stagnitto Giovanni
Published: June 2023

Abstract

We present the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) corrections for Higgs boson decays to hadronic final states at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO) in the strong coupling constant αs. In particular, we consider the Higgs boson decay to massless bottom quarks and the Higgs boson decay to a pair of gluons in the limit of a heavy top quark. The tree-level five-parton, the one-loop four-parton, the two-loop three-parton, and the three-loop two-parton matrix elements are integrated separately over the inclusive phase space and classified by partons appearing in the final state and by colour structure. As a check, we reproduce known results for the inclusive hadronic decay rates at N3LO. We study patterns of infrared singularity cancellation within the colour layers of the integrated expressions and we comment on the similarities between H →$$ b\overline{b} $$
b

b
¯

and γ∗→$$ q\overline{q} $$
q

q
¯

. We anticipate that our result will be an essential ingredient for the formulation of N3LO subtraction schemes.
Strong decays of $$ {P}_{\psi}^N{(4312)}^{+} $$ to J/ψ(ηc)p and $$ {\overline{D}}^{\left(\ast \right)}{\Lambda}_c $$ within the Bethe-Salpeter framework
Authors: Li Qiang , Chang Chao-Hsi , Wang Tianhong , Wang Guo-Li
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Based on the effective Lagrangian in the heavy quark limit, we calculate the one-boson-exchange interaction kernel of $$ {P}_{\psi}^N{(4312)}^{+} $$

P
ψ
N

4312

+

as the $$ \overline{D}{\Sigma}_c $$

D
¯

Σ
c

molecular state in isospin-$$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

. We present the Bethe-Salpeter equation and wave function for the constituent particles to be a (pseudo)scalar meson and a $$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

baryon. By solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation, we obtain $$ {P}_{\psi}^N{(4312)}^{+} $$

P
ψ
N

4312

+

as the $$ \overline{D}{\Sigma}_c $$

D
¯

Σ
c

molecular state with JP = $$ {\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}^{-} $$

1
2

−

. Combining the effective Lagrangian and the obtained BS wave function, the partial decay widths of $$ {P}_{\psi}^N{(4312)}^{+} $$

P
ψ
N

4312

+

to J/ψp, ηcp, $$ {\overline{D}}^{\ast 0}{\Lambda}_c^{+} $$

D
¯

∗
0

Λ
c
+

and $$ {\overline{D}}^0{\Lambda}_c^{+} $$

D
¯

0

Λ
c
+

are calculated to be 0.17, 0.085, 8.8, and 0.026 MeV, respectively, which are roughly consistent with the LHCb experimental measurements and some other theoretical researches. The obtain results indicate the fraction of $$ {\overline{D}}^{\ast 0}{\Lambda}_c^{+} $$

D
¯

∗
0

Λ
c
+

channel amounts to ~ 90% of $$ {P}_{\psi}^N{(4312)}^{+} $$

P
ψ
N

4312

+

, and is a highly promising channel to be discovered in the near future experiments. Our results favor the interpretation of $$ {P}_{\psi}^N{(4312)}^{+} $$

P
ψ
N

4312

+

as the $$ \overline{D}{\Sigma}_c $$

D
¯

Σ
c

molecular state with JP = $$ {\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}^{-} $$

1
2

−

and isospin I = $$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

.
The regulation of TRPA1 expression and function by Th1 and Th2-type inflammation in human A549 lung epithelial cells
Authors: Luostarinen Samu , Hämäläinen Mari , Pemmari Antti , Moilanen Eeva
Published: June 2023

Background

Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a cation channel that mediates pain, itch, cough, and neurogenic inflammation in response to pungent compounds such as acrolein in cigarette smoke. TRPA1 is also activated by endogenous factors and promotes inflammation in asthma models. We have recently shown that TRPA1 is upregulated by inflammatory cytokines in A549 human lung epithelial cells. Here, we explored the effects of Th1 and Th2-type inflammation on TRPA1.

Methods and results

TRPA1 expression and function was studied in A549 human lung epithelial cells. To induce inflammation, the cells were exposed to a combination of cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β; and to model Th1 or Th2-type responses, IFN-γ or IL-4/IL-13 was added, respectively. TRPA1 expression (measured by RT-PCR and Western blot) and function (assessed by Fluo-3AM intracellular calcium measurement) was enhanced under the influence of TNF-α + IL-1β. IFN-γ further enhanced TRPA1 expression and function, whereas IL-4 and IL-13 suppressed them. The effects of IFN-γ and IL-4 on TRPA1 expression were reversed by the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors baricitinib and tofacitinib, and those of IL-4 also by the STAT6 inhibitor AS1517499. The glucocorticoid dexamethasone downregulated TRPA1 expression, whereas the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram had no effect. Under all conditions, TRPA1 blockade was found to reduce the production of LCN2 and CXCL6.

Conclusions

TRPA1 expression and function in lung epithelial cells was upregulated under inflammatory conditions. IFN-γ further increased TRPA1 expression while IL-4 and IL-13 suppressed that in a JAK-STAT6 dependent manner which is novel. TRPA1 also modulated the expression of genes relevant to innate immunity and lung disease. We propose that the paradigm of Th1 and Th2 inflammation is a major determinant of TRPA1 expression and function, which should be considered when targeting TRPA1 for pharmacotherapy in inflammatory (lung) disease.
Möglichkeiten der funktionellen Bildgebung bei Tinnitus
Authors: Isler Benjamin , Neff Patrick , Kleinjung Tobias
Published: June 2023

Hintergrund

Die Pathophysiologie des Tinnitus ist nach wie vor nicht ausreichend verstanden. Verschiedene Bildgebungsmethoden helfen beim besseren Verständnis der komplexen Zusammenhänge, die zur Wahrnehmung von Tinnitus führen.

Ziel der Arbeit

Es erfolgt die Vorstellung von verschiedenen funktionellen Bildgebungsmethoden, die in der Erforschung von Tinnitus eingesetzt werden können.

Material und Methoden

Unter Einbezug der aktuellen Fachliteratur zum Thema gehen die Autoren auf die relevanten Bildgebungsmethoden der Tinnitusforschung ein.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung

Die funktionelle Bildgebung kann Korrelate von Tinnitus aufzeigen. Aufgrund der noch eingeschränkten zeitlichen und räumlichen Auflösung der aktuellen Bildgebungsmodalitäten lässt eine abschließende Erklärung von Tinnitus auf sich warten. Mit der weiteren Verbreitung der funktionellen Bildgebung lassen sich in Zukunft zusätzliche wichtige Erkenntnisse zur Aufklärung von Tinnitus gewinnen.
Topological Modular Forms and the Absence of All Heterotic Global Anomalies
Authors: Tachikawa Yuji , Yamashita Mayuko
Published: June 2023

We reformulate the question of the absence of global anomalies of heterotic string theory mathematically in terms of a certain natural transformation $$\text {TMF} ^\bullet \rightarrow (I_\mathbb {Z}\Omega ^{\text {string} })^{\bullet -20}$$

TMF
∙

→

(

I
Z

Ω
string

)

∙
-
20

, from topological modular forms to the Anderson dual of string bordism groups, using the Segal–Stolz–Teichner conjecture. We will show that this natural transformation vanishes, implying that heterotic global anomalies are always absent. The fact that $$\text {TMF} ^{21}(\text {pt} )=0$$

TMF
21

(
pt
)

=
0

plays an important role in the process. Along the way, we also discuss how the twists of $$\text {TMF} $$
TMF
can be described under the Segal–Stolz–Teichner conjecture, by using the result of Freed and Hopkins concerning anomalies of quantum field theories. The paper contains separate introductions for mathematicians and for string theorists, in the hope of making the content more accessible to a larger audience. The sections are also demarcated cleanly into mathematically rigorous parts and those which are not.
Micelle structure of nonionic surfactants containing carbon dioxide moieties in protic ionic liquids
Authors: Miao Shurui , Gradzielski Michael , Warr Gregory
Published: June 2023

Partial substitution of ethylene oxide with carbon dioxide moieties can yield greener nonionic surfactants with comparable functionalities. In water, studies showed that the incorporation of CO2 moieties suppresses the formation of liquid crystalline phases at high concentrations. A similar reduction in solvation and suppression of liquid crystal formation is observed here in the ionic liquids ethylammonium nitrate and propylammonium nitrate. Small-angle neutron scattering is used to study the solvation and packing of micelles in ionic liquids as functions of temperature, concentration, and content of CO2 moieties. By comparing with aqueous solutions, this work shows that while the nature of surfactant-solvent interaction is comparable among water and alkylammonium nitrate ILs, their behaviours in the solvated micelle shell are different. The lack of liquid crystalline phases should be attributed to the small excluded volume of micelles, which can be fine-tuned via ion design and choice of solvent.

Graphical Abstract
The added value of spinal cord lesions to disability accrual in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ruggieri Serena , Prosperini Luca , Petracca Maria , Logoteta Alessandra , Tinelli Emanuele , De Giglio Laura , Ciccarelli Olga , Gasperini Claudio , Pozzilli Carlo
Published: June 2023

Spinal cord MRI is not routinely performed for multiple sclerosis (MS) monitoring. Here, we explored whether spinal cord MRI activity offers any added value over brain MRI activity for clinical outcomes prediction in MS. This is a retrospective, monocentric study including 830 MS patients who underwent longitudinal brain and spinal cord MRI [median follow-up 7 years (range: < 1–26)]. According to the presence (or absence) of MRI activity defined as at least one new T2 lesion and/or gadolinium (Gd) enhancing lesion, each scan was classified as: (i) brain MRI negative/spinal cord MRI negative; (ii) brain MRI positive/spinal cord MRI negative; (iii) brain MRI negative/spinal cord MRI positive; (iv) brain MRI positive/spinal cord MRI positive. The relationship between such patterns and clinical outcomes was explored by multivariable regression models. When compared with the presence of brain MRI activity alone: (i) Gd + lesions in the spine alone and both in the brain and in the spinal cord were associated with an increased risk of concomitant relapses (OR = 4.1, 95% CI 2.4–7.1, p < 0.001 and OR = 4.9, 95% CI 4.6–9.1, p < 0.001, respectively); (ii) new T2 lesions at both locations were associated with an increased risk of disability worsening (HR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0–2.1, p = 0.05). Beyond the presence of brain MRI activity, new spinal cord lesions are associated with increased risk of both relapses and disability worsening. In addition, 16.1% of patients presented asymptomatic, isolated spinal cord activity (Gd + lesions). Monitoring MS with spinal cord MRI may allow a more accurate risk stratification and treatment optimization.
Comparison of visual outcomes in adult patients with different types of developmental cataracts after toric multifocal intraocular lenses implantation
Authors: Shen Jiying , Ma Dongmei , Cai Lei , Zhang Limei , Guo Haike , Yang Jin
Published: June 2023

Purpose

 To analyze and compare the visual performance and patient satisfaction following the implantation of toric multifocal intraocular lenses (TMIOLs) in adult patients with different types of developmental cataracts (DC) accompanied by corneal astigmatism (CA).

Methods

 This is a prospective observational cohort study. Patients diagnosed with DC aged 18–30 years were divided into three groups according to the anatomic location of the lens opacity: cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular (PSC) groups, and implanted with TMIOLs. Visual acuity (VA), postoperative refractive astigmatism (RA), intraocular lens (IOL) rotation, high-order aberrations (HOAs), modulation transfer function (MTF) curve, and Strehl ratio were compared. The functional vision and incidence of photic phenomena were surveyed using questionnaires.

Results

 Fifty-five eyes of 37 patients were enrolled and completed a 1-year follow-up. The mean CA was 2.06 ± 0.79 D preoperatively, and the mean RA was 0.29 ± 0.30 D 3-month postoperatively. The IOL rotation was 2.48° ± 1.89°, with no deviation > 10°. At 12 months, mean uncorrected distance VA improved from 0.93 ± 0.41 preoperatively to 0.08 ± 0.08 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), mean uncorrected near VA increased from 0.45 ± 0.30 preoperatively to 0.12 ± 0.11 logMAR, and mean uncorrected intermediate VA was 0.14 ± 0.08 logMAR. The cortical and nuclear groups displayed better improvements in uncorrected near and intermediate VA than that in the PSC group. Similar results were observed in the 3-month defocus curves, HOAs, MTF curve, halo incidence, and near vision satisfaction.

Conclusion

In adult patients with DC accompanied by CA, TMIOLs implantation achieved good postoperative visual outcomes and significantly reduced glasses dependency. Patients with cortical or nuclear lens opacity showed better whole-course VA and quality of vision, while patients with PSC opacity showed unsatisfactory near vision and suffered more photic phenomena.
Benchmarking outcomes for distal pancreatectomy: critical evaluation of four multicenter studies
Authors: Müller P. C. , Toti J. M. A. , Guidetti C. , Kuemmerli C. , Bolli M. , Billeter A. T. , Müller B. P.
Published: June 2023

Background

Benchmarking is a validated tool for outcome assessment and international comparison of best achievable surgical outcomes. The methodology is increasingly applied in pancreatic surgery and the aim of the review was to critically compare available benchmark studies evaluating distal pancreatectomy (DP).

Methods

A literature search of English articles reporting on benchmarking DP was conducted of the electronic databases MEDLINE and Web of Science (until April 2023). Studies on open (ODP), laparoscopic (LDP), and robotic DP (RDP) were included.

Results

Four retrospective multicenter studies were included. Studies reported on outcomes of minimally invasive DP only (n = 2), ODP and LDP (n = 1), and RDP only (n = 1). Either the Achievable Benchmark of Care™ method or the 75th percentile from the median was selected to define benchmark cutoffs. Robust and reproducible benchmark values were provided by the four studies for intra- and postoperative short-term outcomes.

Conclusion

Benchmarking DP is a valuable tool for obtaining internationally accepted reference outcomes for open and minimally invasive DP approaches with only minor variances in four international cohorts. Benchmark cutoffs allow for outcome comparisons between institutions, surgeons, and to monitor the introduction of novel minimally invasive DP techniques.
Optimal execution with multiplicative price impact and incomplete information on the return
Authors: Dammann Felix , Ferrari Giorgio
Published: June 2023

We study an optimal liquidation problem with multiplicative price impact in which the trend of the asset price is an unobservable Bernoulli random variable. The investor aims at selling over an infinite time horizon a fixed amount of assets in order to maximise a net expected profit functional, and lump-sum as well as singularly continuous actions are allowed. Our mathematical modelling leads to a singular stochastic control problem featuring a finite-fuel constraint and partial observation. We provide a complete analysis of an equivalent three-dimensional degenerate problem under full information, whose state process is composed of the asset price dynamics, the amount of available assets in the portfolio, and the investor’s belief about the true value of the asset’s trend. Its value function and optimal execution rule are expressed in terms of the solution to a truly two-dimensional optimal stopping problem, whose associated belief-dependent free boundary $b$
b
triggers the investor’s optimal selling rule. The curve $b$
b
is uniquely determined through a nonlinear integral equation, for which we derive a numerical solution through an application of the Monte Carlo method. This allows us to understand the value of information in our model as well as the sensitivity of the problem’s solution with respect to the relevant model parameters.
Accuracy of maxillary positioning using computer-designed and manufactured occlusal splints or patient-specific implants in orthognathic surgery
Authors: Malenova Yoana , Ortner Florian , Liokatis Paris , Haidari Selgai , Tröltzsch Matthias , Fegg Florian , Obermeier Katharina T. , Hartung Jens T. , Kakoschke Tamara K. , Burian Egon , Otto Sven , Sabbagh Hisham , Probst Florian A.
Published: June 2023

Objective

To determine the accuracy of maxillary positioning using computer-designed and manufactured occlusal splints or patient-specific implants in orthognathic surgery.

Material and Methods

A retrospective analysis of 28 patients that underwent virtually planned orthognathic surgery with maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy either using VSP-generated splints (n = 13) or patient-specific implants (PSI) (n = 15) was conducted. The accuracy and surgical outcome of both techniques were compared by superimposing preoperative surgical planning with postoperative CT scans and measurement of translational and rotational deviation for each patient.

Results

The 3D global geometric deviation between the planned position and the postoperative outcome was 0.60 mm (95%-CI 0.46–0.74, range 0.32–1.11 mm) for patients with PSI and 0.86 mm (95%-CI 0.44–1.28, range 0.09–2.60 mm) for patients with surgical splints.

Postoperative differences for absolute and signed single linear deviations between planned and postoperative position were a little higher regarding the x-axis and pitch but lower regarding the y- and z-axis as well as yaw and roll for PSI compared to surgical splints.

There were no significant differences regarding global geometric deviation, absolute and signed linear deviations in the x-, y-, and z-axis, and rotations (yaw, pitch, and roll) between both groups.

Conclusions

Regarding accuracy for positioning of maxillary segments after Le Fort I osteotomy in orthognathic surgery patient-specific implants and surgical splints provide equivalent high accuracy.

Clinical relevance

Patient-specific implants for maxillary positioning and fixation facilitate the concept of splintless orthognathic surgery and can be reliably used in clinical routines.
Analysis of the tip interference in low gear ratio internal spur gears with profile modification
Authors: Pedrero José I. , Pleguezuelos Miguel , Sánchez Miryam B.
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a discussion on the influence of the tip relief on the tip interference and contact ratio, as well as a methodology to select proper values of the teeth heights, center distances, rack shift coefficients, and tip reliefs to ensure maximum values of the contact ratio while avoiding tip interference, root interference and pitch interference. The influence of the quasi-static transmission error on the tip interference is also considered in the analysis.
Watch brain circulation in unexplained progressive myelopathy: a review of Cognard type V arterio-venous fistulas
Authors: De Grado Amedeo , Manfredi Chiara , Brugnera Agostino , Groppo Elisabetta , Valvassori Luca , Cencini Federica , Erbetta Alessandra , Ciceri Elisa , Lerario Rosanna , Priori Alberto , Scelzo Emma
Published: June 2023

Background

Intracranial dural arterio-venous fistulas are pathological anastomoses between arteries and veins located within dural sheets and whose clinical manifestations depend on location and hemodynamic features. They can sometimes display perimedullary venous drainage (Cognard type V fistulas—CVFs) and present as a progressive myelopathy. Our review aims at describing CVFs’ variety of clinical presentation, investigating a possible association between diagnostic delay and outcome and assessing whether there is a correlation between clinical and/or radiological signs and clinical outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search on Pubmed, looking for articles describing patients with CVFs complicated with myelopathy.

Results

A total of 72 articles for an overall of 100 patients were selected. The mean age was 56.20 ± 14.07, 72% of patients were man, and 58% received an initial misdiagnosis. CVFs showed a progressive onset in 65% of cases, beginning with motor symptoms in 79% of cases. As for the MRI, 81% presented spinal flow voids. The median time from symptoms’ onset to diagnosis was 5 months with longer delays for patients experiencing worse outcomes. Finally, 67.1% of patients showed poor outcomes while the remaining 32.9% obtained a partial-to-full recovery.

Conclusions

We confirmed CVFs’ broad clinical spectrum of presentation and found that the outcome is not associated with the severity of the clinical picture at onset, but it has a negative correlation with the length of diagnostic delay. We furthermore underlined the importance of cervico-dorsal perimedullary T1/T2 flow voids as a reliable MRI parameter to orient the diagnosis and distinguish CVFs from most of their mimics.
Automated image-based generation of finite element models for masonry buildings
Authors: Pantoja-Rosero Bryan German , Achanta Radhakrishna , Beyer Katrin
Published: June 2023

To predict the response of masonry buildings to various types of loads, engineers use finite element models, specifically solid-element and macro-element models. For predicting masonry responses to seismic events in particular, equivalent frame models—a subcategory of macro-element models—are a common choice because of their low computational cost. However, an existing bottleneck in modeling pipelines is generating the geometry of the model, which is currently a slow and laborious process that is done manually using computer-aided design tools. In this paper, we address this by automating the modelling process using recent advancements in computer vision and machine learning. We present an image-based end-to-end pipeline that automatically generates finite element meshes for solid-element and equivalent-frame models of the outer walls of free-standing historical masonry buildings. As the input, our framework requires RGB images of the buildings that are processed using structure-from-motion algorithms, which create 3D geometries, and convolutional neural networks, which segment the openings and their corners. These layers are then combined to generate level of detail models. We tested our pipeline on structures with irregular surface geometries and opening layouts. While generating the solid element mesh from the level of detail model is straightforward, generating equivalent frame models required algorithms for segmenting the façade and the meshing. Experts in the field analyzed the generated equivalent frame models and determined them to be useful for numerical modeling. These finite element geometries will be invaluable for future predictions of the seismic response of damaged and undamaged buildings. The codes and dataset are publicly available for future studies and benchmarking (https://github.com/eesd-epfl/FEM_buildings and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8094306).
Factors associated with treatment adherence to mandibular advancement devices: a scoping review
Authors: van der Hoek Liselotte H. , Rosenmöller Boudewijn R.A.M. , van de Rijt Liza J.M. , de Vries Ralph , Aarab Ghizlane , Lobbezoo Frank
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is frequently treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or mandibular advancement devices (MADs). For various reasons, both treatment options are often affected by low adherence. While factors associated with low CPAP adherence are described in the literature extensively, less is known about adherence to MAD therapy. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the body of literature on the factors associated with adherence to MAD treatment.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted using bibliographic databases PubMed, Embase.com, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library (Wiley) to identify relevant studies that described factors associated with adherence to MAD in the treatment of OSA or snoring combined with OSA in adults.

Results

The literature search yielded a total of 694 references. Forty studies were found eligible for inclusion. The literature showed that factors with a possible negative influence on the adherence to MAD treatment are personality aspects; failing effectiveness of MAD; side effects during MAD therapy; using a thermoplastic MAD; dental treatments during MAD therapy; and a poor first experience with the MAD with inadequate guidance by professionals. Factors that may have a positive effect on MAD adherence include effectiveness of therapy, custom-made MAD, good communication skills of the practitioner, early recognition of side effects, stepwise titration of the MAD, and positive first experience with MAD.

Conclusions

The knowledge of factors associated with MAD adherence can be used to provide further insight into individual adherence to OSA treatments.
A novel approach to wireless electromagnetic tracking using frequency modulation radio communication
Authors: Crowley Daragh , Cavaliere Marco , Cantillon-Murphy Pádraig
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Electromagnetic tracking (EMT) is beneficial in image-guided interventions to reduce the use of ionising radiation-based imaging techniques. Enabling wirelessly tracked sensors will increase the usability of these systems for catheter tracking and patient registration systems. This work introduces a novel method of wirelessly transmitting sensor data using a frequency modulation (FM) radio.

Methods

The proposed technique was tested using the open-source Anser EMT system. An electromagnetic sensor was connected in parallel to an FM transmitter prototype and wired directly to the Anser system for comparison. The performance of the FM transmitter was evaluated on a grid of 125 test points using an optical tracking system as a gold standard.

Results

An average position accuracy of 1.61 ± 0.68 mm and angular rotation accuracy of 0.04° for the FM transmitted sensor signal was obtained over a 30 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm volume, in comparison with the 1.14 ± 0.80 mm, 0.04° accuracy previously reported for the Anser system. The FM transmitted sensor signal had an average resolved position precision of 0.95 mm while the directly wired signal was found to have an average precision of 1.09 mm. A very low frequency ($$\sim $$
∼
5 mHz) oscillation in the wirelessly transmitted signal was observed and compensated for by performing a dynamic scaling of the magnetic field model used for solving the sensor pose.

Conclusions

We demonstrate that FM transmission of an electromagnetic sensor signal can be used to achieve similar tracking performance to a wired sensor. FM transmission for wireless EMT is a viable alternative to digital sampling and transmission over Bluetooth. Future work will create an integrated wireless sensor node using FM communication that is compatible with existing EMT systems.