bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collective Memory at Canada's Prison for Women
Authors: Guenther Lisa
Published: September 2024

This essay proposes a critical phenomenology of the ontological, social, ethical, and political dimensions of collective memory. At an ontological level, the site of collective memory is not intentional consciousness but rather the lifeworld itself, understood as a historically sedimented context for meaning and mattering. The social dimension of collective memory is structured around an antagonism between hegemonic public memory and insurgent countermemory. The ethical dimension issues a command to anyone to listen and respond to the countermemory of the oppressed. And the political dimension of collective memory asks us to commit to building a world that refuses to repeat past oppression; it calls for the reclamation and (re)invention of a collective procedural memory of how to care for a common world. This analysis of collective memory unfolds in the context of a proposed memorial garden on the grounds of Canada's first prison for women, which is in the process of being redeveloped into luxury condominiums.
The Relationship Between Jugular Foramen Schwannoma and Surrounding Membrane Structures and Its Surgical Application
Authors: Lin Jie , Cai Yonghua , Wang Hai , Liang Xianqiu , Xu Wei , Zhou Qixiong , Xie Sidi , Qi Songtao , Wang Chaohu , Zhang Xi’an
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Surgical resection of jugular foramen (JF) schwannomas with minimal neurological complications is challenging because of their difficult-to-access location and complex relationships with surrounding neurovascular structures, even for experienced neurosurgeons. In this article, we elucidate the membranous anatomy of JF schwannomas, with the aim of reducing iatrogenic injury to the lower cranial nerves (LCNs) during surgery.

METHODS:

The clinical data of 31 consecutive patients with JF schwannomas were reviewed. The relationship between the tumor and the surrounding membranous structures was observed during dissection. Samples were analyzed using Masson's trichrome and immunofluorescence staining to study the membranous characteristics. Histological-radiographic correlations were also summarized.

RESULTS:

In this series, we found that all 3 type B, 2 type C, and 8 type D tumors (according to the Kaye-Pellet grading system) were entirely extradural in location, whereas the 18 type A tumors could be subdural (9 cases) or extradural (9 cases), which frequently could not be predicted preoperatively based on whether the tumor had intraforaminal extension. The dural capsule, when present, could be used as an insulating layer to protect LCNs. With this subcapsular dissection technique, postoperative LCN dysfunction occurred in 10 patients (32.3%), which was usually temporary and mild.

CONCLUSION:

The different relationships between the tumor and membranous structures of the JF is related to the distinct point of tumor origin and the complex anatomy of the meningeal dura within the JF. Subcapsular dissection technique is recommended for better preservation of LCNs when the dural capsule is identified.
A Multivariate Approach to Quantifying Risk Factors Impacting Stereotactic Robotic-Guided Stereoelectroencephalography
Authors: Song Ryan R. , Sharma Akshay , Sarmey Nehaw , Harasimchuk Stephen , Bulacio Juan , Rammo Richard , Bingaman William , Serletis Demitre
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is an important method for invasive monitoring to establish surgical candidacy in approximately half of refractory epilepsy patients. Identifying factors affecting lead placement can mitigate potential surgical risks. This study applies multivariate analyses to identify perioperative factors affecting stereotactic electrode placement.

METHODS:

We collected registration and accuracy data for consecutive patients undergoing SEEG implantation between May 2022 and November 2023. Stereotactic robotic guidance, using intraoperative imaging and a novel frame-based fiducial, was used for planning and SEEG implantation. Entry-point (EE), target-point (TE), and angular errors were measured, and statistical univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed.

RESULTS:

Twenty-seven refractory epilepsy patients (aged 15-57 years) undergoing SEEG were reviewed. Sixteen patients had unilateral implantation (10 left-sided, 6 right-sided); 11 patients underwent bilateral implantation. The mean number of electrodes per patient was 18 (SD = 3) with an average registration mean error of 0.768 mm (SD = 0.108). Overall, 486 electrodes were reviewed. Univariate analysis showed significant correlations of lead error with skull thickness (EE: P = .003; TE: P = .012); entry angle (EE: P < .001; TE: P < .001; angular error: P = .030); lead length (TE: P = .020); and order of electrode implantation (EE: P = .003; TE: P = .001). Three multiple linear regression models were used. All models featured predictors of implantation region (157 temporal, 241 frontal, 79 parietal, 9 occipital); skull thickness (mean = 5.80 mm, SD = 2.97 mm); order (range: 1-23); and entry angle in degrees (mean = 75.47, SD = 11.66). EE and TE error models additionally incorporated lead length (mean = 44.08 mm, SD = 13.90 mm) as a predictor. Implantation region and entry angle were significant predictors of error (P ≤ .05).

CONCLUSION:

Our study identified 2 primary predictors of SEEG lead error, region of implantation and entry angle, with nonsignificant contributions from lead length or order of electrode placement. Future considerations for SEEG may consider varying regional approaches and angles for more optimal accuracy in lead placement.
Diferenças dentárias e craniofaciais entre fissura labiopalatal unilateral e bilateral não sindrômica reparadas em crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Silva Sara Maria , Mitsuo Kurita Lucio , Penin Silva Letícia , Braga Moura Agnes , Veras Rodrigues Caio Levy , Maia Chaves Junior Cauby , Goberlânio de Barros Silva Paulo , Gurgel Costa Fábio Wildson , Ferreira da Cunha Filho Jose , Machado de Sousa Ana Cely , Rodrigues Ribeiro Thyciana
Published: September 2024

Introdução: este estudo comparou características dentárias e craniofaciais de crianças e adolescentes com fissura labiopalatal unilateral (UFLP) e bilateral (BFLP) não sindrômica reparada. Métodos: foram extraídos dados secundários dos prontuários de 42 pacientes com FLPU (n = 31) e FLPB (n = 11), 6 e 17 anos de ambos os sexos. Foram avaliadas distâncias intercaninas e intermolares, relações caninas e molares, overjet, overbite e mordida cruzada posterior em modelos de gesso; anomalias dentárias e outras ausências dentárias em radiografias panorâmicas digitais; e medidas cefalométricas em telerradiografias laterais digitais. Os dados foram expressos em frequência absoluta e percentual (qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher) e média ± DP (teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e teste t de Student) (SPSS, p < 0,05). Resultados: a agenesia foi a anomalia dentária mais prevalente (n = 29; 69,0%) na amostra. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos para overbite (UFLP 2,04 ± 2,82 mm e BFLP 4,26 ± 2,63 mm; p = 0,028) e as medidas cefalométricas (p < 0,05) 1/./1, 1/NS, 1/Orbita, 1/NB, 1-NB, 1/NPog, Pog-NB, 1-Linha I, (Go-Me).(V-T), F.(V-T), A-(V-T), discrepância cefalométrica, Prn.(Sn-Ls), Sfl/-A perpendicular e Iii-A(A-Pog). Conclusões: há diferenças dentárias e craniofaciais entre UFLP e BFLP, e isso deve ser considerado no plano de tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico desses pacientes, a fim de proporcionar uma abordagem mais adequada.
Desenvolvimento de uma receita ilustrativa para idosos com doença arterial coronariana em uso de polimedicação
Authors: Ribeiro de Freitas Déborah , Barroso Vieira Costa Giselle , Lorna Andrade de Moraes Geridice , Fernandes de Almeida Lima Lucélia , Fernandes Bezerra Girão Deysen Kerlla
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: desenvolver um modelo de receita ilustrativa para facilitar o manejo da polimedicação em pacientes idosos com DAC. Método: trata-se de um estudo metodológico que baseou-se na teoria de Kaplún e foi desenvolvido em três fases principais: 1) estruturação dos tópicos de fármacos conforme as Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia; 2) elaboração e seleção de elementos visuais; 3) desenvolvimento de um modelo de receita ilustrativa. Resultados: a receita ilustrativa resultante categorizou os medicamentos em doze grupos, com subdivisões representadas por imagens que explicam, de maneira simplificada, o mecanismo de ação de cada medicamento. Ademais, foram incorporadas imagens vetoriais que indicavam os horários de administração dos medicamentos, utilizando uma linguagem visual adaptada ao público-alvo. Conclusão: os resultados permitiram a criação de um modelo de receita ilustrativa que promete facilitar o manejo da polimedicação pela população idosa, auxiliando na compreensão e adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso. A abordagem visual e lúdica é uma estratégia inovadora para enfrentar os desafios da polimedicação em idosos com DAC, contribuindo para um manejo mais eficaz e seguro.
Μελέτη των δημογραφικών παραγόντων και της συμβολής της δια βίου μάθησης στην επαγγελματική ικανοποίηση και δέσμευση του ανθρώπινου δυναμικού
Authors: Αμπατζόγλου Αναστασία
Published: September 2024

Στο πεδίο της εκπαίδευσης, η εργασιακή (επαγγελματική) ικανοποίηση και δέσμευση, και στον αντίποδα αυτών η εξουθένωση, αποτελούν τρία φαινόμενα, με αυξανόμενο ερευνητικό ενδιαφέρον, καθώς επηρεάζουν την ανάπτυξη και ευημερία του ανθρωπίνου δυναμικού. Παράλληλα, η δια βίου μάθηση, κυρίως με τη μορφή επιμορφωτικών δραστηριοτήτων στο πεδίο της μη τυπικής εκπαίδευσης γίνεται ολοένα και πιο σημαντική ως μέσο που μπορεί να επηρεάσει την ανάπτυξη και ευημερία των εκπαιδευτικών και την αποδοτικότητα των οργανισμών, στους οποίους το δυναμικό αυτό απασχολείται. Σε μια προσπάθεια σύνδεσης των παραπάνω, η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή διερευνά τις απόψεις των εκπαιδευτικών σχετικά με (α) το επίπεδο εργασιακής ικανοποίησης, δέσμευσης και εξουθένωσης που βιώνουν ως απασχολούμενοι/ες στο σχολικό περιβάλλον, και, (β) τον δυνητικό ρόλο που μπορεί να παίξει η επιμόρφωση στη διαμόρφωση του επιπέδου ικανοποίησης, δέσμευσης και εξουθένωσης. Τόσο για το (α) όσο και για το (β) η διερεύνηση γίνεται κατά κύριο λόγο με εστίαση στην επίδραση προσωπικών, εργασιακών και μορφωτικών παραγόντων στα τρία αυτά φαινόμενα. Η εργασία περιλαμβάνει θεωρητικό και εμπειρικό μέρος. Στο θεωρητικό μέρος, γίνεται εννοιολογική ανάλυση των τριών φαινομένων και της δια βίου μάθησης, παρατίθενται σχετικές έρευνες που μέχρι τώρα έχουν διεξαχθεί. Η βιβλιογραφική επισκόπηση οδηγεί στην ανάγκη να διερευνηθούν τέσσερις ερευνητικοί άξονες που αφορούν: (1) το τρέχον επίπεδο ικανοποίησης, δέσμευσης και εξουθένωσης των εκπαιδευτικών, (2) τον ρόλο των προσωπικών, εργασιακών και μορφωτικών παραγόντων στη διαμόρφωση του επιπέδου των τριών φαινομένων, (3) τον δυνητικό ρόλο της επιμόρφωσης στο επίπεδο ικανοποίησης, δέσμευσης και εξουθένωσης των εκπαιδευτικών, και, (4) τον ρόλο των προσωπικών, εργασιακών και μορφωτικών παραγόντων στη διαμόρφωση του δυνητικού ρόλου της επιμόρφωσης αναφορικά με τα τρία φαινόμενα. Στο εμπειρικό μέρος, διεξήχθη ποσοτική έρευνα, με χρήση ενός σύνθετου ερωτηματολογίου που αποτέλεσε το μέσο συλλογής δεδομένων. Το δείγμα αποτέλεσαν 1956 εκπαιδευτικοί της Πρωτοβάθμιας και Δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης, από την Ελλάδα. Από την παρουσίαση των αποτελεσμάτων της παρούσας εργασίας και, ειδικότερα από τα αποτελέσματα που αφορούν το επίπεδο ικανοποίησης, δέσμευσης και εξουθένωσης του συνόλου του δείγματος, προκύπτει ότι το επάγγελμα του/ της εκπαιδευτικού, είναι ένα επάγγελμα που προσφέρει μέτριο έως σχετικά υψηλό βαθμό ικανοποίησης, προκαλεί πολύ υψηλό βαθμό δέσμευσης και οδηγεί σε μάλλον χαμηλό επίπεδο εξουθένωσης. Ορισμένοι από τους δημογραφικούς παράγοντες φαίνεται να παίζουν σημαντικό ρόλο -κυρίως αυτοί που συνδέονται με την εμπειρία. Σε ό,τι αφορά την επιμόρφωση, ο ρόλος της φαίνεται σχετικά περιορισμένος με εξαίρεση την επίδρασή της στο επίπεδο εξουθένωσης.
Τα παιδιά γονέων με διαταραχές από το φάσμα των ψυχώσεων, το αναπτυξιακό ψυχικό τραύμα και το πλαίσιο της οικογένειας
Authors: Ρούσσινος Σπυρίδων
Published: September 2024

Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι να αρθρωθεί και να κατανοηθεί η εμπειρία του να μεγαλώνει κανείς με γονείς με διάγνωση από το φάσμα των ψυχώσεων και να διερευνηθούν οι τρόποι που τα ίδια τα παιδιά ερμηνεύουν ενεργητικά και αναστοχάζονται αυτήν την εμπειρία σε συνάρτηση με το οικογενειακό τους πλαίσιο. Επίσης, σκοπός είναι να εμπλουτίσουμε τις γνώσεις υπό το πρίσμα του αναπτυξιακού ψυχικού τραύματος για τα παιδιά με ψυχικά πάσχοντα γονιό, συμπεριλαμβανομένου του τραύματος του δεσμού, και τον αντίκτυπο που μπορεί να έχει σε διάφορους τομείς στην αναδυόμενη ενηλικίωση. Για τη βέλτιστη εξυπηρέτηση του σκοπού της έρευνας επελέγη η αφηγηματική προσέγγιση. Το δείγμα της έρευνας αποτελείται από 17 συμμετέχοντες (10 γυναίκες και 7 άνδρες) στην αναδυόμενη ενηλικίωση, με γονιό με διάγνωση από το φάσμα των ψυχώσεων. Η παραγωγή των δεδομένων πραγματοποιήθηκε με τη χρήση ημιδομημένης συνέντευξης. Ακολούθησε η κατά λέξη μετεγγραφή του ηχογραφημένου υλικού σε γραπτό λόγο. Η επεξεργασία των δεδομένων πραγματοποιήθηκε με την μέθοδο της αφηγηματικής θεματικής ανάλυσης. Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα προέκυψαν έξι μείζονα θέματα. Το πρώτο θέμα αφορά το πώς κατανοούν του οικογενειακού πλαισίου, στο οποίο υπάγονται οι ενότητες σχετικά με τα οικογενειακά πρότυπα επικοινωνίας, την πρόσληψη των οικογενειακών αξιών, τις διαγενεακές επιρροές, τις οικογενειακές αντιξοότητες και την πρόσληψη των γονέων. Το δεύτερο θέμα αφορά τη δυναμική των οικογενειακών σχέσεων. Το θέμα αυτό περιλαμβάνει τους τρόπους νοηματοδότησης της σχέσης με τον πάσχοντα και τον υγιή γονιό, της σχέσης μεταξύ των αδελφών, και των σχέσεων με το ευρύτερο περιβάλλον. Το τρίτο θέμα αφορά το βίωμα των ψυχιατρικών δυσκολιών του γονιού. Το θέμα αυτό απαρτίζεται από τις γνώσεις για την ψυχιατρική διάγνωση του γονιού, το βίωμα της κλινικής εικόνας του γονιού, την πρόσληψη της πορείας των ψυχιατρικών εκδηλώσεων του γονιού, τις απόπειρες αυτοκτονίας και την πρόσληψη της στάσης των μελών της οικογένειας για το πρόβλημα του γονιού. Το τέταρτο θέμα αφορά τον αντίκτυπο της γονικής ψύχωσης στο παιδί, που περιλαμβάνει τις ενότητες: το παιδί στο ρόλο του φροντιστή, το συναισθηματικό αντίκτυπο, τις αντίξοες αναμνήσεις, το στίγμα, και τις πηγές στήριξης. Το πέμπτο θέμα αναφέρεται στη νοηματοδότηση της εμπειρίας της γονικής ψυχικής νόσου, με κύριες ενότητες την εικόνα του εαυτού μεγαλώνοντας, τους αιτιοπροσδιορισμούς για τη γονική ψυχική νόσο, τα μαθήματα ζωής, τα θετικά επιτεύγματα και τις συμβουλές για αντίστοιχες περιπτώσεις. Το έκτο θέμα αφορά τη διαμόρφωση της ταυτότητας στην αναδυόμενη ενηλικίωση. Στο θέμα αυτό περιλαμβάνονται οι ενότητες για τις επιπτώσεις της γονικής ψυχικής νόσου σήμερα, το νέο ενήλικα σε ρόλο φροντιστή, το συναισθηματικό αντίκτυπο στην αναδυόμενη ενηλικίωση, τις συντροφικές σχέσεις, τη σχέση με τον πάσχοντα γονιό σήμερα, και τον εαυτό στο μέλλον.
Effect of the addition of pre-fermented juice and soluble carbohydrates to alfalfa silage on silage quality
Authors: Aydin SS
Published: September 2024

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of fermented natural lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and different soluble carbohydrate sources on silage quality characteristics, in vitro organic matter digestion (IVOMD), metabolic energy (ME) and in vitro methane gas formation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage. In the study, an analysis (pH, total LAB, yeast, mold, LA, AA, and LA/AA) was conducted on the naturally fermented lactic acid bacteria liquid prepared from alfalfa plants with a 3% molasses addition. While the silage prepared from the pure alfalfa plant in the study constituted the control group (i), the experimental groups; (ii) PFJ + pure alfalfa silage, (iii) PFJ + 1.5% molasses added alfalfa silage, (iv) PFJ + 1.5% fructose added alfalfa silage, (v) PFJ + 1.5% sucrose added alfalfa silage. In the study, the differences between the groups were statistically significant for the dry matter (DM), acid detergent insoluble fiber (ADF), IVOMD, metabolic energy (ME) and methane (CH4) values. When the fermentation characteristics (pH, NH3-N, LA, AA, LA/AA, LA/AA, and yeast-mold after aerobic stability) of the prepared silages were examined, the differences between the groups were found to be statistically significant. When analyzed in terms of all parameters, it was determined that the addition of PFJ + 1.5% sucrose added alfalfa silage had positive effects on silage quality, the fermentation characteristics and in vitro organic matter digestion
Inclusion of Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Standard or Omega-3 Fatty Acids Enriched Laying Hens Diets: Effects on Performance, Egg Quality Parameters, Fatty Acid Composition and Individual Carotenoids Concentration of Egg Yolk
Authors: Basmacıoğlu Malayoğlu H , Aktaş B , Karataş F , Özdemir P
Published: September 2024

The effects of lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) inclusion to standard or omega-3 fatty acids enriched laying hens’ diets, on performance, egg quality parameters, fatty acids and individual carotenoids of egg yolk was investigated. The dietary treatments were designed as: standard (S) diet, 50 mg/kg L plus 50 mg/kg Z (S+L/Z (50+50)) or 100 mg/kg lutein plus 100 mg/kg zeaxanthin (S+L/Z (100+100)) added to S diet, Omega-3 fatty acids enriched (OM3) diet, 50 mg/kg lutein plus 50 mg/kg zeaxanthin (OM3+L/Z (50+50) or 100 mg/kg lutein plus 100 mg/kg zeaxanthin (OM3+L/Z (100+100)) added to OM3 diet. Hens with a mean live weight of 1525.88 ± 31.19 g were divided into six treatment groups. During the experimental period, there was not any mortality rate recorded. Dietary inclusion of L/Z (50+50 or 100+100) either in S or OM3 diets did not alter performance parameters. Eggs from hens fed enriched diet (OM3) significantly increased (P<0.05) the albumen index and Haugh unit. The type of dietary fat source (F), equal dose of L/Z or F×L/Z on egg yolk lutein, unknown carotenoids and total carotenoid concentration were found to be significant. However, the F on zeaxanthin concentration was not significant (P>0.05). The yolk color a* value was significantly increased by inclusion of L/Z (50+50 or 100+100) to diets (S or OM3) (P<0.05) and this was correlated with increased (P<0.05) concentration of individual carotenoids. The major changes in egg yolk fatty acid MUFA and PUFA composition occurred when laying hen fed with OM3 diet.
Key words: Egg yolk, omega-3, carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanth
Physical activity in the treatment-resistant depression and non-remitted depression: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Etxaniz-Oses José , Iriarte-Yoller Nagore , Tous-Espelosin Mikel , Maldonado-Martin Sara
Published: September 2024

Background The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the effects of the physical activity (PA) intervention as an adjuvant strategy to pharmacological treatment in people with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and non-remitted depression (NRD). Methods A search strategy was realized from five databases: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Eleven articles attained the inclusion criteria. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Oxford’s Evidence Levels were used to classify the quality appraisal. Results The more significant outcome for this analysis was the improvement of depression by PA or exercise in TRD and NRD. According to the FITT (Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type) principle, there was some variability in the PA intervention, and except for one article, they all were classified as excellent in terms of quality description. Conclusions This review highlights the potential of PA intervention as an adjuvant program to improve different traits of TRD and NRD. The remission of depression seems to be higher after PA intervention, showing improvements in quality of life, sleep quality, executive function, and vitality.
Coiling of echogenic perineural catheters with integral stylet: A proof-of-concept randomized control trial in a sciatic nerve block simulator and a pilot study in orthopaedic-trauma patients.
Authors: Saranteas Theodosios , Poulogiannopoulou Eleni , Riga Maria , Panagouli Konstantina , Mavrogenis Andreas , Papadimos Thomas
Published: September 2024

Backround/Objectives We investigated a technique that facilitates the coiling of a regular straight catheter (with integral stylet) behind the sciatic nerve in an ultrasound (US) regional anaesthesia simulator, and then applied our findings to a series of orthopedic-trauma patients. Methods We conducted a randomized study of two methods of perineural catheter advancement in a sciatic nerve block Blue Phantom simulator. Two groups of twenty catheters each (method A and method B) were evaluated under real-time ultrasound imaging. The needle in-plane/nerve in-short-axis technique was applied. In method A the catheter was advanced beyond the needle tip with the integral stylet extending along its entire length; in method B the catheter was advanced after its integral stylet was retracted by 6 cm, thus providing flexibility to the catheter’s distal end. Additionally, to assess the procedural effectiveness of method B coiling technique, a pilot study was conducted examining 25 perineural catheters coiled underneath the sciatic nerve in trauma-orthopaedic patients to document any displacement of catheters’ tip from their initial position (for 36 hours postoperatively). Results In the simulation study, method B led to a significantly higher percentage (18/20:90%) of coiled catheters than method A (3/20:15%). Two coiled catheters of method B were found kinked/obstructed. In our patients, after catheter insertion, the distal end of 2/25 (8%) coiled catheters was obstructed. One perineural catheter was dislodged. For the remaining 22 (88%) catheters, ultrasound imaging demonstrated that local anaesthetic infusion made contact with the sciatic nerve, indicating no displacement of the catheter’s distal end postoperatively. Conclusion Regular straight perineural catheters can be easily coiled if their integral stylet is partially retracted. This coiling method offers extra catheter length adjacent to the nerve structure which potentially mitigates catheter tip displacement. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov, registration No: NCT06568510, 23/08/2024, registration URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06568510?intr=coiling%20of%20echogenic%20sciatic%20nerve&rank=1#study-overview
Evidence for immunity to SARS-CoV-2 from epidemiological data series
Authors: Yubero Pablo , Lavin Alvar A. , Poyatos Juan F.
Published: September 2024

The duration of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is uncertain. Delineating immune memory typically requires longitudinal serological studies that track antibody prevalence in the same cohort for an extended time. However, this information is needed in faster timescales. Notably, the dynamics of an epidemic where recovered patients become immune for any period should differ significantly from those of one where the recovered promptly become susceptible. Here, we exploit this difference to provide a reliable protocol that can estimate immunity early in an epidemic. We verify this protocol with synthetic data, discuss its limitations, and then apply it to evaluate human immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in mortality data series from New York City. Our results indicate that New York’s mortality figures are incompatible with immunity lasting anything below 105 or above 211 days (90% CI.), and set an example on how to assess immune memory in emerging pandemics before serological studies can be deployed.
Reconciling the PSBG and CBM Models of Musical Processing: A Response to Schubert and Pearce
Authors: Jan Steven
Published: September 2024

Schubert and Pearce (2016) contrast two modes of musical memory (more broadly, musical perception and cognition): the schematic and the veridical, which they formalise in terms of the Problem-Solving by Generalisation (PSBG) and Case-Based Memory (CBM) models, respectively. The former hypothesises the ab- straction of schematic categories as solutions to the processing of unfamiliar music, the latter the invocation of (sequentially concatenated segments of) a vast memory store of previously heard pieces as locally stored “keys” engaging with the relevant incoming “locks”. This article explores how these two models might be implemented neuronally, in terms of Calvin’s Hexagonal Cloning Theory (HCT), arguing that they can be explained as two related, indeed complementary, functions of the same un- derpinning mechanism. It also explores the cultural-evolutionary implications of the two models through the lens of memetics.
Wybrane przykłady dezinformacji podczas kampanii wyborczej do Rady Narodowej Republiki Słowackiej w 2023 roku
Authors: Żarna Krzysztof
Published: September 2024

SELECTED EXAMPLES OF DISINFORMATION DURING THE 2023 ELECTION CAMPAIGN FOR THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
The article deals with the early elections to the National Council of the Slovak Republic, held on September 30, 2023. It analyses the campaign before the parliamentary elections in terms of disinformation activities. The study characterises the concept of disinformation, presents the electoral programmes of the various groups and the election results, and analyses instances of disinformation during the campaign. The elections showed the clash of two visions of the state and a clear dividing line was the attitude towards the Russian-Ukrainian war. The article is based on the assumption that disinformation played an important role in the campaign before the elections to the National Council of the Slovak Republic and, for the first time, artificial intelligence was used in the campaign. The object of the attacks was Progressive Slovakia and above all its leader, Michal Šimečka. This had an impact on the outcome of the election, but it is not possible to determine on what scale.
The Competition for Partners in Matching Markets
Authors: Kanoria Yash , Min Seungki , Qian Pengyu
Published: September 2024

We study the competition for partners in two-sided matching markets with heterogeneous agent preferences, with a focus on how the equilibrium outcomes depend on the connectivity in the market. We model random partially connected markets, with each agent having an average degree d in a random (undirected) graph and a uniformly random preference ranking over their neighbors in the graph. We formally characterize stable matchings in large random markets with small imbalance and find a threshold in the connectivity d at [Formula: see text] (where n is the number of agents on one side of the market), which separates a “weak competition” regime, where agents on both sides of the market do equally well, from a “strong competition” regime, where agents on the short (long) side of the market enjoy a significant advantage (disadvantage). Numerical simulations confirm and sharpen our theoretical predictions, and demonstrate robustness to our assumptions. We leverage our characterizations in two ways: First, we derive prescriptive insights into how to design the connectivity of the market to trade off optimally between the average agent welfare achieved and the number of agents who remain unmatched in the market. For most market primitives, we find that the optimal connectivity should lie in the weak competition regime or at the threshold between the regimes. Second, our analysis uncovers a new conceptual principle governing whether the short-side enjoys a significant advantage in a given matching market, which can moreover be applied as a diagnostic tool given only basic summary statistics for the market. Counterfactual analyses using data on centralized high school admissions in a major U.S. city suggests that both our design insights and our diagnostic principle have practical value.

This paper was accepted by Gabriel Weintraub, revenue management and market analytics.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant CMMI-1201045].

Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00064 .
The Power of Simple Menus in Robust Selling Mechanisms
Authors: Wang Shixin
Published: September 2024

We study a robust selling problem where a seller attempts to sell one item to a buyer but is uncertain about the buyer’s valuation distribution. The existing literature shows that robust screening provides a stronger theoretical guarantee than robust deterministic pricing but at the expense of implementation complexity as it requires a menu of infinite options. Our research aims to find simple mechanisms to hedge against market ambiguity effectively. We develop a general framework for robust selling mechanisms with a finite menu (or randomization across finite prices). We propose a tractable reformulation that addresses various ambiguity sets of the buyer’s valuation distribution, including support, mean, and quantile ambiguity sets. We derive optimal selling mechanisms and corresponding performance ratios for different menu sizes, which show that even a modest menu size can deliver benefits similar to those achieved by the optimal robust mechanism with infinite options, establishing a favorable trade-off between theoretical performance and implementation simplicity. Remarkably, a menu size of merely two can significantly enhance the performance ratio compared with deterministic pricing.

This paper was accepted by Chung Piaw Teo, optimization and decision analytics.

Funding: This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72394395].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.03738 .
DIÁRIO DE LEITURA COMO POTÊNCIA DE IMPLICAÇÃO SUBJETIVA NO ENCONTRO COM A OBRA LITERÁRIA / READING JOURNAL AS A POWER OF SUBJECTIVE IMPLICATION IN THE ENCOUNTER WITH THE LITERARY WORK
Authors: Oliveira Lima Sheila , Carlos de Souza Raquel Aparecida
Published: September 2024

A leitura literária no ambiente escolar ocorre de diversas maneiras, sendo que algumas propostas se mostram mais alicerçadas em novas abordagens, enquanto outras se baseiam em metodologias tradicionais. Entretanto, percebe-se uma defasagem de práticas de leitura literária que contemplem a subjetividade leitora, devido ao desconhecimento da perspectiva teórica por parte dos professores e até mesmo resistência a novas abordagens de trabalho para com a obra literária. Nesse contexto, é necessário pensarmos em ferramentas que nos auxiliem na promoção de práticas leitoras que ofereçam aos educandos o fortalecimento do vínculo com o texto literário e a construção de sentidos. Em vista disso, este artigo visa discutir o uso do diário de leitura por estudantes do Ensino Básico, utilizado como recurso didático para apropriação singular do texto literário. A proposta didática, resultado de pesquisa realizada no âmbito do PROFLETRAS, foi aplicada com uma turma de 8º ano e consistiu na leitura de textos acompanhada de atividades de aprofundamento e discussões, o que possibilitou a análise de marcas subjetivas do leitor, registradas em diários durante as leituras literárias, antes e depois do trabalho orientado de leitura. Os fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos ancoram-se nos estudos de Rouxel (2012a, 2012b, 2013), Jouve (2002, 2013), Petit (2009), dentre outros. Os resultados evidenciaram o diário de leitura como um instrumento didático que contribui na constituição da subjetividade leitora e no desenvolvimento de senso crítico, além de subsidiar o docente no acompanhamento da leitura realizada pelos estudantes.
O PROFLETRAS E A CONSTRUÇÃO COLABORATIVA DE CONHECIMENTOS TEÓRICOS E PRÁTICOS NO ÂMBITO DO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA / THE PROFLETRAS AND THE COLLABORATIVE CONSTRUCTION OF THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE WITHIN THE SCOPE OF PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE TEACHING
Authors: Valle Márcia Cristina , Sampaio Thais Fernandes , Alves Renata Cristina das Dores
Published: September 2024

Este trabalho tem por objetivo refletir sobre o papel que o PROFLETRAS tem desempenhado na formação continuada dos professores de Língua Portuguesa, reconhecendo suas contribuições para a reversão de um quadro nada animador no que tange ao ensino de línguas. As reflexões desenvolvidas a partir da imersão dos mestrandos no programa na função de professor e pesquisador de sua própria prática sugerem que o PROFLETRAS tem se configurado como uma importante política pública de formação docente e discente, proporcionando aos partícipes vivências e experiências de ensino-aprendizagem ancoradas em práticas sociais cotidianas colaborativas. A proposta de pesquisa-ação do programa (Morin, 2004; Thiollent, 1994) no campus de Juiz de Fora/MG, que dialoga com os estudos de Bakhtin (1997), Antunes (2009, 2010), Nóvoa (2007), Geraldi (1996, 2006), Freire (1996, 1999, 2001), dentre outros, traz para a cena a formação de professores que, em rede, constroem uma ecologia de saberes para tornar mais significativo o ensino da língua materna. Dessa parceria com a universidade, têm surgido propostas pedagógicas que constituem importante material didático para a mudança de paradigma do ensino de Língua Portuguesa e que devem ser compartilhadas entre os pares. Este movimento de formação continuada desenvolvido pela UFJF contribui para o fortalecimento da profissão docente como um todo.
DESAFIOS E OPORTUNIDADES NA FORMAÇÃO DA SECRETARIA ESCOLAR: CONSTRUINDO UMA REDE COLABORATIVA NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Gonçalves Gloria Freitas Victor , Silva Marcos Antonio Silva , Campos Glenda
Published: September 2024

A formação da Secretaria Escolar no Estado do Rio de Janeiro enfrenta desafios significativos, mas também oferece oportunidades importantes. Para garantir um funcionamento adequado das instituições de ensino, é essencial que os profissionais responsáveis pelas ações administrativas estejam qualificados e atualizados em relação à legislação educacional e documental. No entanto, a falta de interação entre as Secretarias Escolares da mesma região resulta em lacunas na formação e na desatualização dos profissionais, prejudicando o ambiente escolar. Nesse contexto, surge a necessidade premente de criar uma rede colaborativa entre as Secretarias Escolares. Essa iniciativa visa não apenas oferecer formação continuada, mas também promover a atualização dos profissionais, alinhando-os com as normas e procedimentos vigentes. A proposta é fomentar o compartilhamento de conhecimentos por meio de estudos de casos, debates sobre temas relevantes e estimular a interação entre as Secretarias, construindo, assim, uma rede colaborativa robusta, dinâmica e atualizada para fortalecer o ambiente educacional.
A OFERTA DE CURSOS TÉCNICOS CONCOMITANTES E SUBSEQUENTES AO ENSINO MÉDIO NOS INSTITUTOS FEDERAIS: UMA ANÁLISE DE INDICADORES NO CONTEXTO NEOLIBERAL
Authors: DE OLIVEIRA CORREA FILHO ITAMAR , LÚCIA DE LIMA SARA , CRISTINA DE LIMA IZABEL
Published: September 2024

Os Institutos Federais tornaram-se, nas últimas décadas, uma das principais políticas públicas de oferta da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica no Brasil, permitindo a formação de diversos jovens e adultos nos cursos técnicos da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (Rede Federal). O objetivo do presente artigo foi analisar a oferta de cursos técnicos concomitantes e subsequentes ao ensino médio nos Institutos Federais, mediante a investigação de indicadores disponíveis na Plataforma Nilo Peçanha, considerando os avanços das políticas neoliberais.  O aporte teórico e metodológico fundamentou-se no Materialismo Histórico e Dialético e utilizou a categoria trabalho para estabelecer as mediações com o objeto de estudo. Além disso, a análise documental tornou-se o instrumento de coleta de dados da Plataforma Nilo Peçanha. Os dados apresentados revelaram a presença expressiva dos cursos técnicos concomitantes e subsequentes ao ensino médio nos Institutos Federais, através dos elevados números de cursos ofertados e vagas oferecidas em comparação ao ensino médio integrado. No entanto, destacaram-se também determinadas fragilidades dessas modalidades de ensino, as quais apresentaram indicadores inferiores de matrículas ativas e elevados índices de evasão escolar. Por fim, o artigo buscou evidenciar os dados das modalidades técnicas concomitantes e subsequentes ao ensino médio como instrumentos de políticas públicas no contexto educacional do neoliberalismo. Dados que são pouco debatidos na literatura e que deixam essas modalidades em um “limbo” no campo da educação profissional e tecnológica.
Increasing foster carer numbers
Authors: Farrell Brenda
Published: September 2024

Amid a foster care recruitment crisis, an expert looks at how tackling wider issues can inspire solutions
Joint work ‘key to safeguarding’
Authors: Virdi Amrit
Published: September 2024

Sector leaders call for joint working across government and children's services to better identify CSE
Practice examples: Provider invests in high spec supported living
Authors: Weinstein Nicole
Published: September 2024

IN SUMMARY

Modern supported accommodation homes with round-the-clock support help provide a seamless transition from care to semi-independent living.
Briefing: ‘free’ childcare expansion
Authors: Simpson Fiona
Published: September 2024

Funded hours for nine-month-olds to be available from September despite warnings over capacity
Riot response: youth workers will be crucial for healing communities
Authors: Hayes Derren
Published: September 2024

Anti-immigration riots have created fear among many young people and minoritised communities. Youth organisations have been providing support and can lead discussions to repair social cohesion, say experts
A vital role
Authors: Garlo Nina
Published: September 2024

Nina Garlo explores the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Offering a guide
Authors: Swaida Fanar
Published: September 2024

Fanar Swaida emphasises vital dental emergencies knowledge for dental nurses.
A valuable opportunity
Authors: Moyce Britney
Published: September 2024

Britney Moyce discusses embarking on her career in dentistry.
Finding your spark
Authors: Dingwall Lorraine
Published: September 2024

Lorraine Dingwall details finding her passion and inspiration in dentistry.
The dental endgame
Authors: Hussey David
Published: September 2024

David Hussey emphasises the importance of retaining a great dental team.
Current evidence on artificial intelligence in regional anesthesia
Authors: Swain Bhanu Pratap , Nag Deb Sanjay , Anand Rishi , Kumar Himanshu , Ganguly Pradip Kumar , Singh Niharika
Published: September 2024

The recent advancement in regional anesthesia (RA) has been largely attributed to ultrasound technology. However, the safety and efficiency of ultrasound-guided nerve blocks depend upon the skill and experience of the performer. Even with adequate training, experience, and knowledge, human-related limitations such as fatigue, failure to recognize the correct anatomical structure, and unintentional needle or probe movement can hinder the overall effectiveness of RA. The amalgamation of artificial intelligence (AI) to RA practice has promised to override these human limitations. Machine learning, an integral part of AI can improve its performance through continuous learning and experience, like the human brain. It enables computers to recognize images and patterns specifically useful in anatomic structure identification during the performance of RA. AI can provide real-time guidance to clinicians by highlighting important anatomical structures on ultrasound images, and it can also assist in needle tracking and accurate deposition of local anesthetics. The future of RA with AI integration appears promising, yet obstacles such as device malfunction, data privacy, regulatory barriers, and cost concerns can deter its clinical implementation. The current mini review deliberates the current application, future direction, and barrier to the application of AI in RA practice.
The law and nothing but the law? How the law can fail victims of human trafficking during the criminal justice process in the Netherlands
Authors: Wozniak-Cole Victoria
Published: September 2024

Various human trafficking legislations have been drafted; although some of their wording and implementation may amount to violations of rights. Based on an analysis of interviews (N = 5) with professionals working in the field of human trafficking, this article will discuss deficits in human trafficking law that lead to not adequately tackling human trafficking and supporting its victims. These deficits in the law are coined ‘legal injustice’. This term, ‘legal injustice’, will be elaborated on by going through three concepts coined by Suzan Brison. The threefold findings will be discussed: (1) the embodied self: how the body experiences victimisation and its aftermath; the rights victims have relating to residency and assistance; (2) the narrative self: how victims made sense of their experiences; the vulnerability label they often automatically receive by law may not always be to victims’ advantage, their perception of their identity, and their physical and psychological well-being; (3) the autonomous self: the importance of connections with others; victims’ experiences during the criminal justice process; how victims experience seeing their trafficker and listening to the trafficker’s lawyer; how victims experience the length of the court case, sentencing, and compensation. Suggestions to minimise legal injustice will be given for practice, police, and future research.
Trust as moral currency: Perspectives of health researchers in sub-Saharan Africa on strategies to promote equitable data sharing
Authors: Brown Qunita , Chabilall Jyothi , Cengiz Nezerith , Moodley Keymanthri
Published: September 2024

Groundbreaking data-sharing techniques and quick access to stored research data from the African continent are highly beneficial to create diverse unbiased datasets to inform digital health technologies and artificial intelligence in healthcare. Yet health researchers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) experience individual and collective challenges that render them cautious and even hesitant to share data despite acknowledging the public health benefits of sharing. This qualitative study reports on the perspectives of health researchers regarding strategies to mitigate these challenges. In-depth interviews were conducted via Microsoft Teams with 16 researchers from 16 different countries across SSA between July 2022 and April 2023. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to invite participants via email. Recorded interviews were transcribed, cleaned, coded and managed through Atlas.ti.22. Thematic Analysis was used to analyse the data. Three recurrent themes and several subthemes emerged around strategies to improve governance of data sharing. The main themes identified were (1) Strategies for change at a policy level: guideline development, (2) Strengthening data governance to improve data quality and (3) Reciprocity: towards equitable data sharing. Building trust is central to the promotion of data sharing amongst researchers on the African continent and with global partners. This can be achieved by enhancing research integrity and strengthening micro and macro level governance. Substantial resources are required from funders and governments to enhance data governance practices, to improve data literacy and to enhance data quality. High quality data from Africa will afford diversity to global data sets, reducing bias in algorithms built for artificial intelligence technologies in healthcare. Engagement with multiple stakeholders including researchers and research communities is necessary to establish an equitable data sharing approach based on reciprocity and mutual benefit.
Aspiring to clinical significance: Insights from developing and evaluating a machine learning model to predict emergency department return visit admissions
Authors: Zhang Yiye , Huang Yufang , Rosen Anthony , Jiang Lynn G. , McCarty Matthew , RoyChoudhury Arindam , Han Jin Ho , Wright Adam , Ancker Jessica S. , Steel Peter AD
Published: September 2024

Return visit admissions (RVA), which are instances where patients discharged from the emergency department (ED) rapidly return and require hospital admission, have been associated with quality issues and adverse outcomes. We developed and validated a machine learning model to predict 72-hour RVA using electronic health records (EHR) data. Study data were extracted from EHR data in 2019 from three urban EDs. The development and independent validation datasets included 62,154 patients from two EDs and 73,453 patients from one ED, respectively. Multiple machine learning algorithms were evaluated, including deep significance clustering (DICE), regularized logistic regression (LR), Gradient Boosting Decision Tree, and XGBoost. These machine learning models were also compared against an existing clinical risk score. To support clinical actionability, clinician investigators conducted manual chart reviews of the cases identified by the model. Chart reviews categorized predicted cases across index ED discharge diagnosis and RVA root cause classifications. The best-performing model achieved an AUC of 0.87 in the development site (test set) and 0.75 in the independent validation set. The model, which combined DICE and LR, boosted predictive performance while providing well-defined features. The model was relatively robust to sensitivity analyses regarding performance across age, race, and by varying predictor availability but less robust across diagnostic groups. Clinician examination demonstrated discrete model performance characteristics within clinical subtypes of RVA. This machine learning model demonstrated a strong predictive performance for 72- RVA. Despite the limited clinical actionability potentially due to model complexity, the rarity of the outcome, and variable relevance, the clinical examination offered guidance on further variable inclusion for enhanced predictive accuracy and actionability.
Epidemiology of human and animal leptospirosis in Kenya: A systematic review and meta-analysis of disease occurrence, serogroup diversity and risk factors
Authors: Wainaina Martin , Wasonga Joseph , Cook Elizabeth Anne Jessie
Published: September 2024

Background

Leptospirosis is a priority zoonotic disease in Kenya, but an in-depth review of its presence in humans, animals and the environment is lacking. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to understand the epidemiological situation to date.

Methodology

We searched for literature in African journals online, AGRIS, Embase, theLeptospiraWOAH reference laboratory library, ProMED-mail, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the institutional repositories of 33 academic institutions and included 66 publications on leptospirosis in Kenya which spanned from 1951 to 2022. The review was registered on the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (INPLASY).

Findings

Most investigations were done in rural and urban areas in western, southern, central, and coastal areas in Kenya and the largely pastoral eastern and northern areas were under-represented. A wide host range of domestic animals and wildlife was revealed, and occupational exposure was an important risk factor for humans. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was the most frequent test, particularly common in studies conducted during the 1980s and 1990s. However, varying MAT panels and cut-off titres were observed. The overall seroprevalence in cattle was 28.2% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 12.0–53.0; heterogeneity:I2= 96.7%, τ2= 1.4), and 11.0% in goats (95% CI: 5.4–21.2; heterogeneity:I2= 78.8%, τ2= 0.4). Molecular tests were seldom used to determine species and illustrate strain diversity. There was a lack of awareness of leptospirosis among farmers and health practitioners.

Conclusion

The widespread presence of leptospires and inadequate diagnostic capacity demonstrate that leptospirosis is a common but underreported disease in Kenya. Raising awareness and boosting the country’s diagnostic capacity is crucial to timely detection and disease control.