bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of early continence following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Lavigueur-Blouin Hugo , Noriega Alina Camacho , Valdivieso Roger , Hueber Pierre-Alain , Bienz Marc , Alhathal Naif , Latour Mathieu , El-Hakim Assaad , Zorn Kevin Christopher
Published: February 2015

Introduction: Functional outcomes after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) greatly influence patient quality of life. Data regarding predictors of early continence, especially 1 month following RARP, are limited. Previous reports mainly address immediate or 3-month postoperative continence rates. We examine preoperative predictors of pad-free continence recovery at the first follow-up visit 1 month after RARP.Methods: Between January 2007 and January 2013, preoperative and follow-up data were prospectively collected for 327 RARP patients operated on by 2 fellowship-trained surgeons (AEH and KCZ). Patient and operative characteristics included age, body mass index (BMI), staging, preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate weight, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) score and type of nervesparing performed. Continence was defined by 0-pad usage at 1 month follow-up. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess for predictors of early continence.Results: Overall, 44% of patients were pad-free 1 month post- RARP. In multivariate regression analysis, age (odds ratio [OR] 0.946, confidence interval [CI] 95%: 0.91, 0.98) and IPSS (OR: 0.953, CI 95%: 0.92, 0.99) were independent predictors of urinary continence 1 month following RARP. Other variables (BMI, staging, preoperative PSA, SHIM score, prostate weight and type of nerve-sparing) were not statistically significant predictors of early continence. Limitations of this study include missing data for comorbidities, patient use of pelvic floor exercises and patient maximal activity. Moreover, patient-reported continence using a 0-pad usage definition represents a semiquantitative and subjective measurement.Conclusion: In a broad population of patients who underwent RARP at our institution, 44% of patients were pad-free at 1 month. Age and IPSS were independent predictors of early continence after surgery. Men of advanced age and those with significant lower urinary tract symptoms prior to RARP should be counselled on the increased risk of urinary incontinence in the early stages.
Factors affecting complications according to the modified Clavien classification in complete supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Falahatkar Siavash , Moghaddam Keivan Gholamjani , Kazemnezhad Ehsan , Farzan Alireza , Aval Hamidreza Baghani , Ghasemi Ali , Shahab Elaheh , Esmaeili Seyednaser Seyed , Motiee Reza , Langroodi Seyedeh Alaleh Motiei , Nemati Mohadeseh , Allahkhah Aliakbar
Published: February 2015

Introduction: An increase in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has been accompanied by an increase in complications. We identified the parameters affecting the severity of complications using the modified Clavien classification (MCC).Methods: From 2008 to 2013, 330 patients underwent complete supine PCNL using subcostal access, one-shot dilation, rigid nephroscopy, and pneumatic lithotripsy. We assessed the impact of the following factors on complication severity based on the MCC: age, gender, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, previous stone surgery and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, preoperative hemoglobin, renal dysfunction (creatinine >1.4 mg/dL), preoperative urinary tract infection, anatomic upper urinary tract abnormality (AUUTA), significant (moderate–severe) hydronephrosis, stonerelated parameters (opacity, number, burden, location, staghorn, complex stones), anesthesia type, kidney side, imaging and calyx for access, tract number, tubeless approach, operative time, postoperative hemoglobin, and hemoglobin drop and stone-free results.Results: The complication rate was 19.7% (MCC: 0=80.3%, I=6.4%, II=11.2%, ≥III=2.1%). On univariate analyses, only the following factors affected MCC: gender, preoperative hemoglobin, AUUTA, significant hydronephrosis, imaging for access, calyx for access, tract number, postoperative hemoglobin, hemoglobin drop and stone-free result. Renal dysfunction was accompanied by higher complications, yet the results were not statistically significant. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated renal dysfunction, absence of significant hydronephrosis, AUUTA, multiple tracts, lower postoperative hemoglobin, and higher postoperative hemoglobin drop as the significant parameters which affected MCC and predicted higher grades. The paper’s limitations include a low number of cases in the higher Clavien grades and some subgroups of variables, and not applying some techniques due to surgeon preference.Interpretation: Many of the complete supine PCNL complications were in the lower Clavien grades and major complications were uncommon. Renal dysfunction, AUUTA, significant hydronephrosis, tract number, postoperative hemoglobin, and hemoglobin drop were the only factors affecting MCC.
Adult adrenal ganglioneuroblastoma: A rare case report
Authors: Ding Xiaobo , Hou Yuchuan , Ma Xiaobo , Zhang Huipeng , Wang Chunxi , Wang Yanbo
Published: February 2015

Ganglioneuroblastoma is an uncommon malignant tumour, and it is extremely rare in adults. A 27-year-old woman was admitted to hospital complaining of commitment left loin pain for 7 months accompanied with fever for 1 day. Computed tomography (CT) scan shows a huge cystic solid mass among the rear of the pancreatic body and tail, inside of the spleen, and the top of the left kidney. Hormone examinations showed that the serum levels of glucocorticoid, aldosterone, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were normal. However, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was significantly higher (289.46 ng/mL, normal level <16.3 ng/mL). Adrenal mass resection was scheduled. However, intraoperative separation was very difficult and adrenal tumour resection, resection of the pancreatic body and tail, left nephrectomy, and splenectomy were carried out. Pathological diagnosis was ganglioneuroblastoma.
EFICIÊNCIA DA TERRA DE DIATOMÁCEA NO CONTROLE DE CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: BRUCHINAE) EM FEIJÃO-CAUPI ARMAZENADO
Authors: Marsaro Júnior Alberto Luiz , Cordeiro Mourão de Oliveira Júnio Moisés , Valle da Silva Pereira Paulo Roberto
Published: February 2015

Callobruchus maculatus é uma das principais pragas do feijão-caupi armazenado no Brasil. Apesar dos seusdanos, ainda não existem inseticidas químicos registrados para o controle desta praga no país. O uso de protetoresde grãos, como os pós inertes, pode ser uma alternativa de controle. São raros os estudos com o usodesses produtos na região Norte do Brasil. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a eficiência daterra de diatomácea aplicada sobre feijão-caupi armazenado em Roraima, para o controle de C. maculatus.Grãos do cultivar BRS Mazagão foram tratados com cinco dosagens de terra de diatomácea, 0, 250, 500, 750e 1000 g.t-1. Cada tratamento contendo 100 g de grãos foi infestado com 30 adultos de C. maculatus mantidosem laboratório a 27 °C. Avaliou-se o número acumulado de indivíduos mortos do 1° ao 5° dia. A mortalidadedos adultos foi influenciada pelas dosagens e pelo tempo de exposição dos insetos à terra de diatomácea.Modelos logísticos foram usados para descrever as curvas de mortalidade. Esses modelos foram usadospara estimar o tempo necessário para obter 75, 80, 90 e 95% da mortalidade da população. A dosagem de1000 g.t-1 alcançou 95% de mortalidade 2 dias após o tratamento, enquanto a dosagem de 250 g.t-1 levou 5dias para alcançar o mesmo nível de mortalidade. A terra de diatomácea na dosagem de 1000 g.t-1 apresentoualta eficiência de controle de C. maculatus em um curto espaço de tempo.
CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE PLANTAS DE ARROZ INOCULADAS COM AZOSPIRILLUM SPP. Initial growth of rice plants inoculated with Azospirillum spp.
Authors: Lima Guimarães Salomão , Bonfim-Silva Edna Maria , Castilho Polizel Analy , Fornazier Moreira Julio Cezar , Rezende Diogo
Published: February 2015

A fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) é um processo natural, no qual algumas espécies de microrganismosprocariotos convertem o N2 atmosférico em formas assimiláveis pelas plantas. Na agricultura, a seleção debactérias com alto potencial para a FBN tem contribuído para a diminuição dos custos de produção, pormeio da utilização em menor escala de fertilizantes nitrogenados, além de propiciar melhorias na qualidadeambiental. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da inoculação de Azospirillum spp.no acúmulo de biomassa em arroz de terras altas, cultivado sob condições gnotobióticas. Foram utilizadastrês cultivares de arroz: Jatobá, Monarca e Sertaneja, indicadas para o plantio em terras altas. O experimentofoi conduzido em tubos de ensaio contendo solução de Hoagland, sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado,com quatorze isolados de Azospirillum spp., além da testemunha sem inoculação e quatro repetições.Os resultados mostraram que houve resposta positiva à inoculação, principalmente nas cultivares Monarcae Jatobá, as quais apresentaram aumentos expressivos na massa fresca das plantas de até 33% na cultivarMonarca, com as estirpes AZ2 e AZ4, e acima de 100% para a cultivar Jatobá nos tratamentos com as estirpesAZ12 e AZ13. Essas cultivares também apresentaram diferenças no comprimento radicular, destacando asestirpes AZ6 e AZ8 que proporcionaram aumentos de 15% na cultivar Jatobá e de 24% na cultivar Monarca. Dessa forma, os estudos devem ser intensificados, com a perspectiva de produção de um inoculante biológico,eficaz na redução de fertilizantes nitrogenados aplicados na cultura do arroz.
RESPOSTA DA CULTURA DA MELANCIA À APLICAÇÃO DE CALCÁRIO Response of watermelon culture to the application of limestone
Authors: De Mello Prado Renato , De Oliveira Gondim Ancélio Ricardo , Pereira de Souza Júnior Jonas
Published: February 2015

A calagem promove neutralização da acidez do solo eaumenta a mineralização da matéria orgânica; consequentemente,há maior disponibilidade de nutrientes e produção de massa seca de plantas de melancia.Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de calcário como material corretivo na fertilidadedo solo, no estado nutricional e na produção de matéria seca de plantas de melancia. Os tratamentos foramconstituídos por cinco doses de calcário (0,5; 1,0; 1,5; e 2,0 vezes a dose para elevar o V = 70%, além da testemunhasem aplicação).O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatrorepetições.As doses de calcário que foram aplicadas corresponderam a 0,44; 0,88; 1,32 e 1,76 g por vaso de2L, respectivamente, além da testemunha sem aplicação. A unidade experimental foi constituída por doisvasos contendo um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico. A aplicação de calcário neutralizou a acidez do solo e incrementouos teores de Ca, Mg, N, K e P na parte aérea das plantas de melancia. A maior produção de matéria secada melancia esteve associada com saturação por bases de 57% e Ca= 19 mmolc dm-3 e teores de Ca e Mg daparte aérea iguais a 21,4 e 5,3 g kg-1, respectivamente.
DORMÊNCIA EM SEMENTES DE CAMBOATÁ Dormancy in camboatá (Cupania vernalis) seeds
Authors: Bortolini Michele Fernanda , Soares Koehler Henrique , Zuffellato-Ribas Katia Christina , Teixeira Fortes Andréa Maria
Published: February 2015

O objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar tratamentos para a superação de dormência em sementes deCupania vernalis (camboatá). Com o lote de sementes colhido em Santa Helena (PR) foi determinada a curvade embebição para sementes escarificadas mecanicamente e testemunha por 72h. Os tratamentos testadosforam: testemunha; lixa; H2SO4/5min; H2SO4/1h; água corrente/12 horas; retirada do tegumento; água a90 oC/24h; água/24h; lixa + água/24h; água a 90 oC/5min. A germinação foi em papel Germitest, a 25 oC e12h de luz. Avaliou-se a porcentagem de germinação, tempo e velocidade média de germinação, em delineamentointeiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de 25 sementes. O tegumento não representou barreirapara a embebição, e para a porcentagem de germinação destacou-se numericamente a escarificaçãomecânica e a retirada do tegumento com 70 e 66% de germinação. A retirada total do tegumento tambémproporcionou o melhor tempo médio (5,96 dias) e a melhor velocidade média de germinação (0,17 sementes/dia). Conclui-se que a dormência existente nas sementes de Cupania vernalis possivelmente se deve àrestrição mecânica do tegumento ao embrião, e como tratamento para a obtenção de uma germinação maisrápida e homogênea das sementes desta espécie recomenda-se a retirada total do tegumento ou a escarificaçãomecânica com lixa seguida de embebição.
IMPLICAÇÕES NA UTILIZAÇÃO DE CIPROCONAZOL + TIAMETOXAM NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DO CAFEEIRO CONILON Implication of cyproconazol + thiamethoxam in vegetative development conilon coffee
Authors: Deleon Martins Lima , Nunes Rodrigues Wagner , Batista Brinati Sebastião Vinicius , Colodetti Tafarel Victor , Tomaz Marcelo Antonio , De Souza Antonio Fernando , Cintra de Jesus Junior Waldir
Published: February 2015

Na cultura do cafeeiro conilon, uma das formas de manejo da incidência da Hemileia vastatrix e do ataquede Leucoptera coffeella é o uso preventivo de princípios ativos de ação conjunta (fungicida + inseticida), comdestaque para o ciproconazol + tiametoxam. Produtos desta natureza, além de atenuarem os impactos negativosrelacionados à fitossanidade do cultivo do cafeeiro conilon, promovem um efeito secundário, de caráterhormonal, que influencia nos processos fisiológicos das plantas. No entanto, a utilização desses produtosde forma indiscriminada e para fins que não o controle fitossanitário pode influenciar negativamente acultura. Apesar do produto ativo ciproconazol + tiametoxam ser amplamente utilizado, ainda não é evidentea magnitude das respostas proporcionadas pela utilização do produto em cafeeiros com diferentes padrõesvegetativos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi reunir e analisar de forma ampla informações sobre a influênciada aplicação de ciproconazol + tiametoxam (1) no crescimento e vigor de mudas de cafeeiro conilon, (2)na implicação da adubação nitrogenada e (3) no aparecimento de toxidez após a aplicação. Para adequara recomendação do fabricante para uso em vaso com o intuito apenas de realizar estudos científicos, foi aplicado uma dose de 0,0703 gramas do produto comercial por vaso, diluída em 29 mL de água. Nas condiçõesestudadas, a aplicação do princípio ativo ciproconazol + tiametoxam limita o crescimento vegetativo, odesenvolvimento radicular e o acúmulo de matéria seca, podendo causar sintomas variados de fitotoxidezem mudas de cafeeiro conilon. Existe comportamento diferencial de crescimento e desenvolvimento, entregenótipos de cafeeiro conilon em resposta à aplicação de ciproconazol + tiametoxam.
Detecção de Histophilus somni (Haemophilus somnus) no sêmen bovino mediante reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR)
Authors: Dias Francisca Elda Ferreira , Nunes Cáris Maroni , Cavalcante Tânia Vasconcelos , De Souza Juliano Franco , Barbosa Silvia Minharro , De Castro Andréa Azevedo Pires , Moraes Jr Felipe De Jesus , Oliveira Claúdia Marinovic , Garcia José Fernando
Published: February 2015

O presente estudo avaliou o uso da PCR para a detecção do Histophilus somni no sêmen bovino. Amostras de sêmen foram contaminadas experimentalmente com H. somni diluída em escalas de 107 a 101 bactérias/mL, submetidas à extração de DNA pelo método de fenol/clorofórmio e amplificadas pela PCR. Os produtos da amplificação do DNA foram analisados por eletroforese em gel de acrilamida 8%. Por meio de oligonucleotídeos iniciadores obteve-se a amplificação de um fragmento de 400 pares de bases a partir do DNA da bactéria. Conseguiu-se amplificação positiva até na diluição de 101 bactérias/mL. A PCR mostrou-se eficiente na detecção de H. somni. O resultado disponibiliza conhecimento relevante para o diagnóstico de H. somni, justificando a necessidade do diagnóstico dessa bactéria em reprodutores, especialmente em amostras de sêmen, que deveriam estar livres de qualquer contaminação. A PCR mostrou-se como uma valiosa ferramenta no controle da qualidade do sêmen produzido em centrais de inseminação artificial.
Acepromazina, detomidina ou xilazina na sedação em equinos: efeitos hematológicos e bioquímicos
Authors: Tiburcio Mateus , Oliveira Marivaldo Da Silva , Martini Manuele Virgilio , Dias Luis Gustavo Gosuen Gonçalves , De Mattos Junior Ewaldo
Published: February 2015

Com o objetivo de verificar os efeitos hematológicos e bioquímicos em equinos submetidos à sedação comacepromazina, detomidina ou xilazina, foi realizado estudo prospectivo, aleatório e “cruzado”. Os animaisforam distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos de seis animais, designados como grupo GA (acepromazina0,1 mg/kg), GD (detomidina 0,02 mg/kg,) e GX (xilazina 1 mg/kg), cujos fármacos foram aplicadospela via intravenosa. Foram colhidas alíquotas sanguíneas em todos os grupos dos momentos T0 a T480.Os parâmetros verificados foram eritrócitos totais, hematócrito (Ht), hemoglobina (Hb), leucócitos totais,proteínas totais, alanina transferase (ALT), aspartato transferase (AST), albumina, fosfatase alcalina (FA),gama-glutamil transferase (GGT), creatinina e ureia plasmática. Houve redução dos eritrócitos totais nomomento T120 comparativamente ao T0 no GA (p<0,05) e no grupo GD, foram observadas reduções noT60, T120 e T240 em relação a T0 (p<0,01). Quanto aos valores de hematócrito, verificou-se redução no GDnos momentos T60, T120 e T240 comparativamente a T0 (p<0,05). No atinente aos valores de hemoglobina,houve redução dos valores no grupo GA nos momentos T30 (p<0,01), T60 (p<0,001), T120 (p<0,01) eT240 (p<0,05) comparativamente ao T0. Da mesma forma, foi observada diferença estatística no GD nosmomentos T60 e T120 (p<0,0001). Houve redução significativa da ALT nos momentos T30, T60, T120, T240e T480 (p<0,01) comparativamente ao T0 no GD. Concluiu-se que a detomidina promoveu maior número de alterações dentre os parâmetros hematológicos ao longo do tempo de avaliação, porém sem diferença com os outros fármacos; a detomidina induziu a alterações na ALT.
Desempenho de novilhos Purunã x Canchim terminados com diferentes níveis de concentrado
Authors: Bren Leandro , Moletta José Luiz , Rossi Junior Paulo , Santana Miguel Henrique de Almeida
Published: February 2015

Avaliou-se o desempenho de novilhos terminados em confinamento por 168 dias, alimentados com níveiscrescentes de concentrado na dieta (0,8; 1,1 e 1,4% do PV). Foram utilizados 18 animais meio sanguePurunã x Canchim, com média de idade inicial de 12 meses e média de peso inicial de 278 ± 18 kg. Foi feitaa avaliação do consumo de matéria seca total de silagem e concentrado, consumo de proteína, o ganho depeso médio diário e a conversão alimentar. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado comas médias testadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. O consumo de matéria seca total aumentoulinearmente (P<0,01) com o aumento de concentrado na dieta, influenciados pelos níveis crescentes de concentrado.A conversão alimentar e o peso final não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelo nível de concentradona dieta. Houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre o ganho de peso médio diário, ganho de peso total e consumode proteína (P<0,01). A suplementação com concentrado pode aumentar o desempenho em crescimento,porém, não melhora a eficiência alimentar.
Spectrin binding motifs regulate Scribble cortical dynamics and polarity function
Authors: Boëda Batiste , Etienne-Manneville Sandrine
Published: February 2015

The tumor suppressor protein Scribble (SCRIB) plays an evolutionary conserved role in cell polarity. Despite being central for its function, the molecular basis of SCRIB recruitment and stabilization at the cell cortex is poorly understood. Here we show that SCRIB binds directly to the CH1 domain of β spectrins, a molecular scaffold that contributes to the cortical actin cytoskeleton and connects it to the plasma membrane. We have identified a short evolutionary conserved peptide motif named SADH motif (SCRIB ABLIMs DMTN Homology) which is necessary and sufficient to mediate protein interaction with β spectrins. The SADH domains contribute to SCRIB dynamics at the cell cortex and SCRIB polarity function. Furthermore, mutations in SCRIB SADH domains associated with spina bifida and cancer impact the stability of SCRIB at the plasma membrane, suggesting that SADH domain alterations may participate in human pathology.
Intercellular propagation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation revealed by in vivo imaging of mouse skin
Authors: Hiratsuka Toru , Fujita Yoshihisa , Naoki Honda , Aoki Kazuhiro , Kamioka Yuji , Matsuda Michiyuki
Published: February 2015

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a key effector of many growth signalling pathways. In this study, we visualise epidermal ERK activity in living mice using an ERK FRET biosensor. Under steady-state conditions, the epidermis occasionally revealed bursts of ERK activation patterns where ERK activity radially propagated from cell to cell. The frequency of this spatial propagation of radial ERK activity distribution (SPREAD) correlated with the rate of epidermal cell division. SPREADs and proliferation were stimulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in a manner dependent on EGF receptors and their cognate ligands. At the wounded skin, ERK activation propagated as trigger wave in parallel to the wound edge, suggesting that ERK activation propagation can be superimposed. Furthermore, by visualising the cell cycle, we found that SPREADs were associated with G2/M cell cycle progression. Our results provide new insights into how cell proliferation and transient ERK activity are synchronised in a living tissue.
A new role for an old enemy
Authors: Monaghan Richard M , Whitmarsh Alan J
Published: February 2015

Drugs that change the shape of AKT, a protein kinase that promotes tumor growth, may be more effective than drugs that only target its enzymatic activity.
Risk of Self-Reported Penicillin Allergy Despite Removal of Penicillin Allergy Label
Authors: Copaescu Ana Maria , Vogrin Sara , Douglas Abby , Turner Nicholas A. , Phillips Elizabeth J. , Holmes Natasha E. , Trubiano Jason A.
Published: August 2024

This secondary analysis of adult patients in the Penicillin Allergy Clinical Decision Rule (PALACE) Study investigates the risk of self-reported penicillin allergy despite removal of penicillin allergy label.
Enhanced Performance of CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals via Dual Passivation
Authors: Sun Yujiao , Cheng Yongchao , Yang Zijiang , Bian Ce , Huang Sheng , Gu Xiuquan
Published: August 2024

Perovskite CsPbBr3 nanocrystals show excellent optical properties. However, the nanocrystals encounter a major challenge of poor stability. In this study, an effective approach is proposed for enhancing the stability of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals via a dual passivation strategy, where the dual passivation layer is composed of alumina (Al2O3) and polymer ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA). The Al2O3 coating on the CsPbBr3 surface is realized by in situ oxidation of trimethyl aluminum (TMA), which passivated the surface defects while blocking the intrusion of water and oxygen. The EVA film is formed by a solution method, which can further block the water and oxygen, and form the flexible composite with perovskite CsPbBr3 nanocrystals with enhanced stability toward water and heat. After soaking for 360 h and heating for 5 h, the photoluminescence (PL) intensity is higher than that without passivation. The polymer EVA packaging strategy provided CsPbBr3 with excellent extensibility and flexibility at 100% and 200% tensile rates, the PL intensity remains 91% and 88% of the initial intensity, which returns to the initial value after stretching. The unique dual‐protection structure significantly improves the water and thermal stability of the nanocrystals. The strategy might point out the direction for the future application of perovskites.
Contrasting Facial Selectivity of a Squaramide‐Tagged Proline in the Asymmetric Michael Addition of Ketones to Maleimides
Authors: Kumari Kiran , Khan Akram Gulam Hussain , Easwar Srinivasan
Published: August 2024

A squaramide moiety was introduced at the C‐4 position of proline to afford an organocatalyst that served as a stereocontrol element to promote the asymmetric Michael addition of cyclic ketones to maleimides. A variety of chiral succinimides were obtained by the conjugate addition in 84–98% yield accompanied by 58–96% enantioselectivity. The results also include an interesting contrast in the facial selectivity observed with cyclohexanones and cycloheptanones, whereas an asymmetric desymmetrization of 4‐alkyl cyclohexanones was also achieved using the transformation.
Locus of Control and Mental Health: Human Variation Complicates a Well‐Established Research Finding
Authors: Kaiser Bonnie N.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Locus of control (LoC) refers to one's expectation that life outcomes and (mis)fortune are driven largely by one's own actions or abilities (internal LoC) or by external factors (e.g., powerful others, chance; external LoC). There is a large literature demonstrating an association between internal LoC and positive mental health outcomes. However, this research is conducted mostly in high‐income, Global North settings, with limited consideration of cross‐cultural variability. This short report explores how LoC relates to mental health when considered in a less‐studied context: in a setting of stark structural violence and in relation to supernatural agents.

Methods

I conducted a community‐based survey in rural Haiti (n = 322) that assessed sent spirit‐related locus of control (LoC‐S) and mental health.

Results

Among individuals experiencing higher levels of daily stressors, depressive and anxiety symptoms were high regardless of LoC‐S. However, for individuals facing low‐to‐moderate daily stressors, external LoC‐S (believing one does not have control in relation to sent spirits) was associated with lower depressive and anxiety symptoms, though this interaction did not hold for anxiety after controlling for covariates. Though initially a nonintuitive finding, I contextualize this outcome in relation to ethnographic work in Haiti, showing that the ability to explain misfortune via the supernatural world can serve as a form of blame displacement.

Conclusion

In a context where extreme structural violence means that individuals realistically have little control over their lives, an external LoC better reflects lived experience, helping explain the association with better mental health outcomes.
Salivary cortisol captures endocrine response to an acute stressor in captive female tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella)
Authors: DeSana Andrew N. , Morgan Benowitz‐Fredericks Z. , Amano Aiko , Gazes Regina P.
Published: August 2024

Measuring glucocorticoids such as cortisol is a useful tool for exploring relationships among behavior, physiology, and well‐being in primates. As cortisol circulates in blood, it moves into biological matrices such as hair, urine, feces, and saliva. Saliva sampling is a simple, noninvasive method to measure cortisol that can be easily implemented by training animals to voluntarily provide samples. The temporal lag between elevation of cortisol in the blood and elevation of cortisol in saliva likely varies by species and must be characterized to identify appropriate sampling regimens. In the present study we characterized the time course of cortisol changes in saliva following an acute psychological stressor in captive tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella). We trained eight free‐moving female tufted capuchin monkeys to voluntarily produce clean saliva samples. We exposed them to the acute stressor of a veterinary catch net and observed behavior pre and post exposure. We collected salivary samples immediately pre exposure (0 min) and 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 min after exposure. Salivary cortisol was quantified using a Salimetrics kit. Behavioral and cortisol measures were compared within individuals to a control condition in which no stressor was presented. Capuchins showed a clear behavioral response to the stressor by demonstrating increased freezing and pacing, decreased feed foraging, nonsocial play, and scratching, and decreased willingness to provide saliva samples after stressor presentation. After stressor presentation, average salivary cortisol began to increase at 30 min and continued to increase through the 120 min sample period. There was individual variation in absolute cortisol levels, the timing of the cortisol increase, and the timing of the peak. Our results suggest that no single time‐point can be reliably used to evaluate salivary cortisol response to an acute stressor across individuals, and instead we recommend the collection of a prolonged time series.
The Simplified Quantum Circuits for Implementing Quantum Teleportation
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Xiu , Song Guo‐Zhu , Wei Hai‐Rui
Published: August 2024

It is crucial to design quantum circuits as small as possible and as shallow as possible for quantum information processing tasks. Quantum circuits are designed with simplified gate‐count, cost, and depth for implementing quantum teleportation among various entangled channels. Here, the gate‐count/cost/depth of the Greenberger‐Horne‐Zeilinger‐based quantum teleportation is reduced from 10/6/8 to 9/4/6, the two‐qubit‐cluster‐based quantum teleportation is reduced from 9/4/5 to 6/3/5, the three‐qubit‐cluster‐based quantum teleportation is reduced from 12/6/7 to 8/4/5, the Brown‐based quantum teleportation is reduced from 25/15/17 to 18/8/7, the Borras‐based quantum teleportation is reduced from 36/25/20 to 15/8/11, and the entanglement‐swapping‐based quantum teleportation is reduced from 13/8/8 to 10/5/5. Note that, no feed‐forward recover operation is required in the simplified schemes. Moreover, the experimentally demonstrations on IBM quantum computer indicate that the simplified and compressed schemes can be realized with good fidelity.
Identification of Novel Target DCTPP1 for Colorectal Cancer Therapy with the Natural Small‐Molecule Inhibitors Regulating Metabolic Reprogramming
Authors: Feng Li , Wang Xinjia , Guo Xinrui , Shi Liyuan , Su Shihuang , Li Xinjing , Wang Jia , Tan Ninghua , Ma Yi , Wang Zhe
Published: August 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Identification of new effective drug targets for CRC and exploration of bioactive small‐molecules are clinically urgent. The human dCTP pyrophosphatase 1 (DCTPP1) is a newly identified pyrophosphatase regulating the cellular nucleotide pool but remains unexplored as potential target for CRC treatment. Here, twelve unprecedented chemical architectures terpene‐nonadride heterodimers (1–12) and their monomers (13–20) were isolated from endophyte Bipolaris victoriae S27. Compounds 1–12 represented the first example of terpene‐nonadride heterodimers, in which nonadride monomers of 1 and 2 were also first example of 5/6 bicyclic nonadrides. A series of assays showed that 2 could repress proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest, apoptotic and autophagic CRC cell death in vitro and in vivo. Clinical cancer samples data revealed that DCTPP1 was a novel target associated with poor survival in CRC. DCTPP1 was also identified as a new target protein of 2. Mechanically, compound 2 bound to DCTPP1, inhibited its enzymatic activity, intervened with amino acid metabolic reprogramming, and exerted anti‐CRC activity. Our study demonstrates that DCTPP1 was a novel potential biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC, and 2 was the first natural anti‐CRC drug candidate targeting DCTPP1.
Metal‐Phenolic Nanomaterial with Organelle‐Level Precision Primes Antitumor Immunity via mtDNA‐dependent cGAS‐STING Activation
Authors: Tian Hao , Li Wenxi , Wang Guohao , Tian Ye , Yan Jie , Yu Xinying , Yan Ziliang , Feng Yuzhao , Dai Yunlu
Published: August 2024

New generation of nanomaterials with organelle‐level precision provide significant promise for targeted attacks on mitochondria, exhibiting remarkable therapeutic potency. Here, we report a novel amphiphilic phenolic polymer (PF) for the mitochondria‐targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT), which can trigger excessive mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage by the synergistic action of oxidative stress and furan‐mediated DNA cross‐linking. Moreover, the phenolic units on PF enable further self‐assembly with Mn2+ via metal‐phenolic coordination to form metal‐phenolic nanomaterial (PFM). We focus on the synergistic activation of the cGAS‐STING pathway by Mn2+ and tumor‐derived mtDNA in tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), and subsequently repolarizing M2‐like TAMs to M1 phenotype. We highlight that PFM facilitates the cGAS‐STING‐dependent immunity at the organelle level for potent antitumor efficacy.
In‐Situ Dynamic Carburization of Mo Oxide with Unprecedented High CO Formation Rate in Reverse Water‐Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Du Xiangze , Li Rongtan , Xin Hui , Fan Yamei , Liu Chengxiang , Feng Xiaohui , Wang Jianyang , Dong Cui , Wang Chao , Li Dan , Fu Qiang , Bao Xinhe
Published: August 2024

In situ construction of active structure under reaction conditions is highly desired but still remains challenging in many important catalytic processes. Herein, we observe structural evolution of molybdenum oxide (MoOx) into highly active molybdenum carbide (MoCx) during reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS) reaction. Surface oxygen atoms in various Mo‐based catalysts are removed in H2‐containing atmospheres and then carbon atoms can accumulate on surface to form MoCx phase with the RWGS reaction going on, both of which are enhanced by the presence of intercalated H species or Pt‐dopants in MoOx. The structural evolution from MoOx to MoCx is accompanied by enhanced CO2 conversion, which is positively correlated with the surface C/Mo ratio but negatively with the surface O/Mo ratio. As a result, an unprecedented CO formation rate of 7544.6 mmol ⋅ gcatal−1 ⋅ h−1 at 600 °C has been achieved over in situ carbonized H‐intercalated MoO3 catalyst, which is even higher than those from noble metal catalysts. During 100 h stability test only a minimal deactivation rate of 2.3 % is observed.
Redox‐Inducible Radiomimetic Photosensitizers Selectively Suppress Cancer Cell Proliferation by Damaging DNA through Radical Cation Chemistry
Authors: Fan Heli , Wang Luo , Zeng Xuanwei , Xiong Chenghe , Yu Dehao , Zhang Xiaofan , Chen Jiayi , Meng Zhaowei , Campbell Anahit , Huang Wanqiao , Mei Hui , Sun Huabing
Published: August 2024

Radiotherapy leverages ionizing radiation to kill cancer cells through direct and indirect effects, and direct effects are considered to play an equal or greater role. Several photosensitizers have been developed to mimic the direct effects of radiotherapy, generating radical cations in DNA models, but none has been applied in cellular studies. Here, we design a radiomimetic photosensitizer, producing DNA radical cations in cells for the first time. To reduce adverse effects, several redox‐inducible precursors are prepared as cancer cells have elevated levels of GSH and H2O2. These precursors respond to GSH or H2O2, releasing the active photosensitizer that captures DNA abasic (AP) sites and generates DNA radical cations upon photolysis, without disrupting the redox state of cells. DNA radical cations migrate freely and are eventually trapped by H2O and O2 to yield DNA lesions, thus triggering DNA damage response. Our study suggests that direct effects of radiotherapy suppress cancer cell proliferation mainly by inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, rather than promoting apoptosis. Synergistic effects of the precursor and chemotherapeutic agents are also observed in combination phototherapy. Beyond highlighting an alternative strategy for phototherapy, this proof‐of‐concept study affords a facile cellular platform to study the direct effects of radiotherapy.
Improving Active Site Local Proton Transfer in Porous Organic Polymers for Boosted Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhao Qian , Zhang Qingxin , Xu Yuhan , Han Anhao , He Haowen , Zheng Haoquan , Zhang Wei , Lei Haitao , Apfel Ulf‐Peter , Cao Rui
Published: August 2024

Improving proton transfer is vital for electrocatalysis with porous materials. Although several strategies are reported to assist proton transfer in channels, few studies are dedicated to improving proton transfer at the local environments of active sites in porous materials. Herein, we report on new Co‐corrole‐based porous organic polymers (POPs) with improved proton transfer for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). By tuning the pore sizes and installing proton relays at Co corrole sites, we designed and synthesized POP‐2‐OH with improved proton transfer both in channels and at local Co active sites. This POP shows remarkable activity for both electrocatalytic ORR with E1/2=0.91 V vs RHE and OER with η10=255 mV. Therefore, this work is significant to present a strategy to improve active site local proton transfer in porous materials and highlight the key role of such structural functionalization in boosting oxygen electrocatalysis.
Nanomole Scale Screening of Fluorescent RNA‐Methyltransferase Probes Enables the Discovery of METTL1 Inhibitors
Authors: Meidner J. Laurenz , Frey Ariane F. , Zimmermann Robert A. , Sabin Mark O. , Nidoieva Zarina , Weldert Annabelle C. , Hoba Sabrina N. , Krone Mackenzie W. , Barthels Fabian
Published: August 2024

RNA methylation is a metabolic process validated for its association with various diseases, and thus, RNA methyltransferases (MTases) have become increasingly important in drug discovery. Yet, most frequently utilized RNA MTase assays are limited in their throughput and hamper this rapidly evolving field of medicinal chemistry. In this study, we describe a modular nanomole scale building block system that allowed the identification of tailored fluorescent MTase probes to unlock a broad selection of MTase drug targets for fluorescence‐based binding assays. Probe candidates were initially prepared on a 4 nanomole scale and could be tested directly from crude reaction mixtures to allow rapid probe identification and optimization. Using an alkyne‐azide click late‐stage functionalization strategy and in silico protein databank mining, we established a selection of fluorescent probes suitable for relevant drug targets from the METTL and NSUN families, as well as bacterial and viral MTases. Using this concept, a high‐throughput screening on the unexplored drug target METTL1 discovered three hit compounds with micromolar potency providing a (1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)pyridine‐based starting point for METTL1 drug discovery.
Selective Coupling of β‐(Borylvinyl)silanes by a Gold‐Catalyzed Hiyama Reaction—An Easy Way to Diaryl‐Substituted Vinyl Boronates
Authors: Zhang Shan , Wunsch Jonas F. , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: August 2024

The use of diaryl‐substituted vinyl boronates, a class of chemical building blocks with well‐known synthetic utility, is principally limited by the difficulty faced in their preparation. Herein, we present a convenient synthetic strategy based on a gold‐catalyzed Hiyama arylation of (Z)‐β‐(borylvinyl)silanes, which are easily accessible by hydroboration of silylalkynes. By exploiting the highly electronegative nature of the gold(III) intermediate (which is accessed by light‐assisted oxidation using aryl diazonium salts), a selective activation of the silyl group in the presence of the boron moiety is achieved. This opens a route to selectively synthesize diaryl‐substituted vinyl boronates. The reaction shows a broad substrate range, excellent functional group tolerance, and perfect chemoselectivity. Experimental studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations allowed us to elucidate the mechanism of the reaction. The synthetic potential was demonstrated by downstream transformations providing a facile route to bifunctional phenanthrenes and triaryl‐substituted olefins.
Enamine Synthesis via Regiocontrolled 6‐endo‐dig and 5‐exo‐dig Tethered Carboamination of Propargylic Alcohols
Authors: Solé‐Àvila Helena , Puriņš Mikus , Eichenberger Lucas , Waser Jerome
Published: August 2024

Enamines are versatile building blocks for the synthesis of biologically active compounds. Nevertheless, only a limited number of strategies have been reported for preparing trisubstituted enamines in a regio‐ and stereoselective manner. Herein, we report a regiocontrolled 6‐endo and 5‐exo tethered carboamination of propargylic alcohols for the synthesis of trisubstituted enamines. High regioselectivity was achieved through fine‐tuning of the amine protecting group during the Pd‐catalyzed carboamination. The introduced trifluoromethylated tether enables further stereoselective functionalizations, such as hydrogenation and fluorination.
Sieving‐type Electric Double Layer with Hydrogen Bond Interlocking to Stable Zinc Metal Anode
Authors: Yan Tong , Wu Boyong , Liu Sucheng , Tao Mengli , Liang Jinhui , Li Minjian , Xiang Cong , Cui Zhiming , Du Li , Liang Zhenxing , Song Huiyu
Published: August 2024

The stability of aqueous zinc metal batteries is significantly affected by side reactions and dendrite growth on the anode interface, which primarily originate from water and anions. Herein, we introduce a multi H‐bond site additive, 2, 2′‐Sulfonyldiethanol (SDE), into an aqueous electrolyte to construct a sieving‐type electric double layer (EDL) by hydrogen bond interlock in order to address these issues. On the one hand, SDE replaces H2O and SO42− anions that are adsorbed on the zinc anode surface, expelling H2O/SO42− from the EDL and thereby reducing the content of H2O/SO42− at the interface. On the other hand, when Zn2+ are de‐solvated at the interface during the plating, the strong hydrogen bond interaction between SDE and H2O/SO42− can trap H2O/SO42− from the EDL, further decreasing their content at the interface. This effectively sieves them out of the zinc anode interface and inhibits the side reactions. Moreover, the unique characteristics of trapped SO42− anions can restrict their diffusion, thereby enhancing the transference number of Zn2+ and promoting dendrite‐free deposition and growth of Zn. Consequently, utilizing an SDE/ZnSO4 electrolyte enables excellent cycling stability in Zn//Zn symmetrical cells and Zn//MnO2 full cells with lifespans exceeding 3500 h and 2500 cycles respectively.
Nickel Catalyzed Carbonylative Cross Coupling for Direct Access to Isotopically Labeled Alkyl Aryl Ketones
Authors: Mühlfenzl Kim S. , Enemærke Vitus J. , Gahlawat Sahil , Golbækdal Peter I. , Munksgaard‐Ottosen Nikoline , Neumann Karoline T. , Hopmann Kathrin H. , Norrby Per‐Ola , Elmore Charles S. , Skrydstrup Troels
Published: August 2024

Here we present an effective nickel‐catalyzed carbonylative cross‐coupling for direct access to alkyl aryl ketones from readily accessible redox‐activated tetrachlorophthalimide esters and aryl boronic acids. The methodology, which is run employing only 2.5 equivalents of CO and simple Ni(II) salts as the metal source, exhibits a broad substrate scope under mild conditions. Furthermore, this carbonylation chemistry provides an easy switch between isotopologues for stable (13CO) and radioactive (14CO) isotope labeling, allowing its adaptation to the late‐stage isotope labeling of pharmaceutically relevant compounds. Based on DFT calculations as well as experimental evidence, a catalytic cycle is proposed involving a carbon‐centered radical formed via nickel(I)‐induced outer‐sphere decarboxylative fragmentation of the redox‐active ester.
Multifunctional Nanomaterials Mediate Cholesterol Depletion for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Zhen Wenyao , Germanas Tomas , Weichselbaum Ralph R. , Lin Wenbin
Published: August 2024

Cholesterol is an essential membrane component, and the metabolites from cholesterol play important biological functions to intricately support cancer progression and dampen immune responses. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the role of cholesterol metabolism regulation on inhibiting tumor growth, remodeling the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), and enhancing anti‐tumor immunity. In this minireview, we discuss complex cholesterol metabolism in tumors, its important role in cancer progression, and its influences on immune cells in the TME. We provide an overview of recent advances in cancer treatment through regulating cholesterol metabolism. We discuss the design of cholesterol‐altering multifunctional nanomaterials to regulate oxidative stress, modulate immune checkpoints, manipulate mechanical stress responses, and alter cholesterol metabolic pathways. Additionally, we examine the interactions between cholesterol metabolism regulation and established cancer treatments with the aim of identifying efficient strategies to disrupt cholesterol metabolism and synergistic combination therapies for effective cancer treatment.
Surface Tension Manipulation with Visible Light through Sensitized Disequilibration of Photoswitchable Amphiphiles
Authors: Gemen Julius , Stövesand Bastian , Glorius Frank , Ravoo Bart Jan
Published: August 2024

Azoarene isomerization lies at the heart of numerous applications, from catalysis or energy storage to photopharmacology. While efficient switching between their E and Z isomers predominantly relies on UV light, a recent study by Klajn and co‐workers introduced visible light sensitization of E azoarenes and their subsequent isomerization as a tool coined disequilibration by sensitization under confinement (DESC) to obtain high yields of the Z isomer. This host–guest approach is, however, still constrained to minimally substituted azoarenes with limited applicability in advanced molecular systems. Herein, we expand DESC for the assembly of surfactants at the air–water interface. Leveraging our expertise with photoswitchable amphiphiles, we induce substantial alterations of the water surface tension through reversible arylazopyrazole isomerization. After studying the binding of charged surfactants to the host, we find that the surface activity differences upon visible light switching for both isomers are comparable to those obtained by UV light excitation. The method is demonstrated on a large concentration range and can be activated using green or red light, depending on the sensitizer chosen. The straightforward implementation of photoswitch sensitization in a complex molecular network showcases how DESC enables the improvement of existing systems and the development of novel applications driven by visible light.
Synergistic effect of covalent cross‐linking and physical hydrogen bonding associations on the mechanical properties of polyurethane thermoset elastomers
Authors: Zhou Yu , Wu Fang , Zhu Liyang , Geng Zhishuai , Yang Rongjie , Zhai Jinxian
Published: August 2024

Thermoset materials, known for their stable topology structure, have garnered significant interest in recent years for their applications in coatings, foam, adhesives, and other fields. In general, the low chemical crosslinking density of thermoset materials means poor mechanical properties. In this study, we adjusted the topological structure of thermoset elastomers through formula design and controlled their hard segment content at the same level. The mechanical tensile test results show that as the chemical crosslinking density of the elastomer decreases, the fracture tensile strength shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Although the content of amino ester groups in the elastomer is the same, low field nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared analysis show that as the density of the chemical cross‐linking network decreases, more physical cross‐linking points are formed between the elastomer network chains. Furthermore, the polyurethane hard segment formed an amorphous microphase separation structure in the elastic matrix. This study proves that constructing a moderate physical hydrogen bonding association structure between the network chains in polyurethane cross‐linked thermoset elastomers is another important way to prepare thermoset elastomers with excellent mechanical properties.