bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural Surveillance for Crime and Traffic Accidents: Simulating Improvements of Street Lighting in an Older Community
Authors: Kim Yeo-Kyeong , Lee Yun-Kyu , Kim Donghyun
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to plan an alternative for community street lighting in an older community by simulating illuminance improvements. We applied the natural surveillance principle of crime prevention through environmental design to an older community in Busan Metropolitan City in South Korea. We conducted four field investigations to identify lighting sources and measure their illuminance and heights. Using the Relux Pro program, the gaps in lighting were identified and alternative plans for improvement for night lighting were simulated. Narrow alleys and houses were sources of light disruption and lighting blind spots. We determined the location and type of lighting within the community and considered the continuity necessary to meet natural surveillance standards in alternative settings. We considered visibility, facial recognition, the risk of traffic accidents, and other variables (i.e., lamp type). Our results confirmed that the community’s average horizontal illuminance met the requirement of the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards and the minimal illuminance criterion of the International Commission on Illumination in all community lighting spaces—which was improved by about 2.2% to 85.7% compared to the previous situation. The results of this study are meaningful in that they present an effective planning support tool using simulation methods to establish community street lighting alternatives and determine their suitability.
Tele-ultrasound imaging using smartphones and single-board PCs
Authors: Arzamasov Kirill M. , Drogovoz Viktor A. , Bobrovskaya Tatiana M. , Vladzymyrskyy Anton V.
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: Mobile devices are widely available and their computational performance increases. Nonetheless, medicine should not be an exception: single-board computers and mobile phones are crucial aides in telehealth.
AIM: To explore tele-ultrasound scope using smartphones and single-board computers
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study focused on capturing ultrasound videos using external video recording devices connected via USB. Raspberry Pi single-board computers and Android smartphones have been used as platforms to host a tele-ultrasound server. Used software: VLC, Motion, and USB camera. A remote expert assessment was performed with mobile devices using the following software: VLC acted as a VLC server, Google Chrome for OS Windows 7 and OS Android was used in the remaining scenarios, and Chromium browser was installed on the Raspberry Pi computer.
OUTCOMES: The UTV007 chip-based video capture device produces better images than the AMT630A-based device. The optimum video resolution was 720576 and 25 frames per second. VLC and OBS studios are considered the most suitable for a raspberry-based ultrasound system owing to low equipment and bandwidth requirements (0.640.17 Mbps for VLC; 0.5 Mbps for OBS studio). For Android phone OS, the ultrasound system was set with the USB camera software, although it required a faster network connection speed (5.20.3 Mbps).
CONCLUSION: The use of devices based on single-board computers and smartphones implements a low-cost tele-ultrasound system, which potentially improves the quality of studies performed through distance learning and consulting doctors. These solutions can be used in remote regions for field medicine tasks and other possible areas of m-health.
Siyanoakrilat ilişkili pulmoner emboli; Olgu sunumu
Authors: BODAKÇI Emin , GÜMÜŞSOY Mesut , ER Ramazan Erdem , SOYKAN Arf İrfan
Published: April 2023

Sirotik hastaların %50’ye yakınında özofagus ve gastrik varisler gelişir. Varisli siroz hastalarında dekompansasyon bulgusu olarak varis kanaması görülebilmektedir. Kanamalar sıklıkla özofageal varis kaynaklı kanamalardır. Gastrik varisler daha nadir kanar; ancak daha ciddi ve mortalitesi yüksek kanamalara neden olurlar. Gastrik varisler özofagus varisleri ile karşılaştırıldığında daha geniş çapta ve submukozal alanda daha derine uzanım gösterebilirler. Bu nedenle özofagus varisleri için yapılan standart endoskopik tedaviler büyük oranda etkisizdir. Siyanoakrilat tedavisinde septik ve embolik komplikasyonlar görülebildiği bildirilmiştir. Olgumuzda akut gastrik varis kanaması ile başvuran siroz hastasında siyanoakrilat tedavisi sonrası gelişen pulmoner emboli olgusu sunulmuştur.
Developing a Culturally Responsive Sexual and Reproductive Health Curriculum for HIV Prevention among African Immigrant Women
Authors: N Okoro , O Shanasha , N Nambangi , K Ballay , C Rotich , E Boumi , N Gobina
Published: April 2023

Background: Incidence rates of HIV are higher among African-born immigrants than in the general US population. In Minnesota, African-born immigrant women accounted for 40% of all adult females (as assigned by birth) living with HIV and 39% of new diagnosis in 2021, while constituting only 2% of the female population. Findings from a preliminary study point to gender-specific, sociocultural factors as drivers of HIV in this population. Key among these is the lack of sexual and reproductive health knowledge, consequent to cultural norms that regard sex-related discussions as taboo, making African women particularly vulnerable to HIV infection. Conventional HIV prevention programming has not been effective as these approaches lack cultural congruence. In the absence of culturally responsive strategies, AB women are likely to remain at significant risk of HIV. Program Description: This report is a description of the process and key elements employed in developing a curriculum for culturally-responsive, community-based sexual and reproductive health education for HIV prevention among African-born women. The Curriculum Design Team (CDT) of five (5) AB immigrant women adapted and augmented the Becoming A Responsible Teenager (BART) curriculum and developed a culturally congruent theoretical framework to guide programming. Feedback on the curriculum and programming was sought from community members through focus groups with African-born men and women, respectively. Recommendations: Feedback from community-engaged efforts included alignment with cultural norms and values regarding the roles and influence of women; ensuring cultural appropriateness of content and delivery; racial-concordance of facilitators and participants; and use of informal social group setting as critical elements to facilitate engagement of African-born women in the proposed approach to HIV prevention in this population.
Psychological Autopsy Structured on Individual Cases: Methodological Considerations for A New Protocol
Authors: Posa Franco , Leone Jessica , Rondinelli Valeria , Sclavi Francesco , Posa Matteo
Published: April 2023

Psychological autopsy is an investigative procedure used in cases of "equivocal death" (a situation in which the cause of death is uncertain); it originated in the early 1960s and has since spread to the United States, Europe, and especially Cuba. The initial MAP (Modelo de Autopsia Psicologica) protocol, developed specifically in Cuba, has since evolved into the more current MAPI (Modelo de Autopsia Psicologica Integrado). It is characterized by the use of a retrospective analysis of the deceased's life, with emphasis on risk factors, mental health history and interpersonal relationships. The Psychological Autopsy is considered one of the most valuable suicide research tools. Information is collected and included in 16 categories (Shneidman) from multiple sources through structured interviews. Despite its widespread use, the original PA model has several methodological problems that can be overcome through a revision of the protocol from a specialized perspective tailored to each case. The innovative PASIC (Psychological Autopsy Structured on Individual Cases) protocol aims to adapt the psychological autopsy protocol to each case, making it unique and personalized. PASIC, therefore, is based on principles of individuality and its management by a single specialized professional figure. This makes it more effective in identifying which subjects to interview and what type of interview to use. The professional will be able to select the appropriate measures to obtain reliable and effective sources of information. Through a review of the origin and development of the psychological autopsy, this article aims to describe the structural and operational features of the new PASIC method and its advantages over the previous protocols.
Paroemiological Representation of the Cultural Concepts “iskusstvo” and “remeslo” / ‘art’ and ‘craft ’ in the Russian and the English Languages
Authors: Банькова Н.В.
Published: April 2023

Paroemiological Representation of the Cultural Concepts “iskusstvo” and “remeslo” / ‘art’ and ‘craft ’ in the Russian and the English Languages Аннотация. Цель исследования – воссоздать фрагмент паремиологической картины мира как отражения национального миропонимания русских и англичан. В ходе анализа применялись сопоставительный и описательный методы. В результате исследования выявлены совпадающие и различные свойства культурных концептов «искусство»/‘art’ и «ремесло»/‘craft ’.

The aim of this paper is reconstruction of the fragment of the paroemia’s world view as the reflection of the national Russian and British world perception. Both comparative analysis and descriptive method were used in this study. As a result of the work, the comparative analysis of the cultural concepts ‘iskusstvo’/‘art’ and ‘remeslo’/‘craft ’ has revealed their common features as well as the different ones.
The aesthetic meaning of ambiguity in literature
Authors: Nguyen Hong Hanh
Published: April 2023

“Ambiguity” was first proposed by W.Empson in his work Seven types of ambiguity (1930). According to him, ambiguity "is an undefined meaning, an intention to express many kinds of things that allow for many interpretations". Ambiguity can be classified into two forms: ambiguously definite polysemy and ambiguously indefinite polysemy. Ambiguity is a characteristic aspect of artistic thinking. it dominates and leaves its mark on the artistic creation process. Ambiguity is an important quality in literary life: it opens the endless field of meaning, making literature the key to helping people open the door to dominate all aspects of human life; It is the aspect that makes the aesthetics of literature; Ambiguity promotes the imagination, cocreation of the reader; it is a measure of the artist's talent in creating a breakthrough of words and a sense of artistic innovation.
Effects of Abscisic Acid on Bioactive Compounds and Postharvest Quality of Climacteric and Non-Climacteric Fruit
Authors: Utama Nafi Ananda , Utami Prawidya Tyas , Daryanto Muhammad Galang Akbar Yulansyah , Dewi Sukuriyati Susilo
Published: April 2023

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a growth regulatory substance that plays an important role in various processes in the cell, such as plant adaptation to environmental threats, seed development, dormancy, budding, plant development, and fruit ripening. Another important role of abscisic acid is increased antioxidant capacity, total phenol content, total carotenoid, and anthocyanin content. The content of bioactive compounds such as antioxidants is a parameter of fruit quality that can decrease due to improper postharvest handling. Many postharvest treatments have been conducted to maintain or delay the declining of bioactive compounds in fruits. This current research was done to determine the various abscisic acid concentrations on papayas and cucumbers' bioactive content. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and analyzed using SAS (Statistical Analysis Software). Significant differences between means were determined by the Student's t-test, with p-values less than 0.05 considered significant. Results of the research regarding color testing, DPPH, total phenol content, and total soluble solids showed that abscisic acid with 380 µMol or 100 mg/l concentration could increase the total phenol content, antioxidant capacity, and total soluble solids in papayas (climacteric fruit) during the ripening. However, applying abscisic acid with 100 µMol on cucumbers (non-climacteric fruit) showed no significant effect on total phenol, antioxidant capacity, and soluble solids compared to the control group. The results showed that during the ripening of climacteric fruit, ABA enhanced the content of bioactive compounds and improved postharvest quality. This effect was not observed in non-climacteric fruit.
A scoping study of the international literature on global citizenship education ideologies and discourses in official curricula and textbooks
Authors:   The Korea Association of Yeolin Education, Choi Yoonjung , Kim Yeji , Yoon Noah
Published: April 2023

Utilizing scoping study and Pashby et al (2020)’s typology of global citizenship education (GCE), this study conducted a review of international empirical literature on GCE discourses in official curricula. The findings of the study demonstrated that the curricula and textbooks in various nations around the world were largely dominated by liberalism that employs soft GCE emphasizing universality, non-controversy, and individual’s sense of morality and ethics. The influence of neoliberalism, which emphasizes labor productivity and competitiveness necessary for a global market economy, was prominent in Western countries leading the globalization charge and some selected Asian countries that achieved economic growth due to globalization. Neoconservatism which was often integrated with the above two ideologies, tended to justify nationalist, imperialist, and colonialist views in GCE. Despite some limitations, meaningful potential for promoting a critical GCE, which had previously been silenced in official curricula, was hinted at. Postcritical discourse was not observed, yet positively imagined and supported by researchers as an alternative way to contextualize GCE. The findings imply that GCE in the official curricula is predominantly shaped by the historical, social, and political contexts of its nation, and that it needs to be interpreted in consideration of such complex circumstances for its more nuanced understanding. This study seeks to contribute to expanding the horizon of research on the ideologies and contextualities of GCE, and suggesting various alternative discussions and possibilities in practice.
Formulation and evaluation of herbal syrup of bhilawa seed extract
Authors: Nerkar Amit Gajanan , Pansare Ashutosh
Published: April 2023

Semecarpus anacardium Linn. (Family: Anacardiaceae), commonly known as 'Bhallataka' or 'Bhilwa', has been used in various traditional systems of medicine to treat various ailments since ancient times. Its nuts contain many bioactive compounds such as biflavonoids, phenolics, bhilawanols, minerals, vitamins and amino acids, which exhibit various healing properties. Fruit and seed extracts exhibit various activities such as anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-reproductive, CNS stimulant, hypoglycemic, antitumor, and growth stimulant. hair. Lab scale formulation is made with herbal syrup and evaluated for several parameters like pH, viscosity, density, stability test while evaluating the formula. Is a stable and ready-to-know recipe. F1, F2, F3 and F4 are made with different amounts of ingredients such as alcohol, sugar and a final amount of syrup. Results show that Herbal Syrup Formula 4 (F4) is more stable than other forms.
SAYAW NG BATI: A PERSPECTIVE ON TRANSCULTURATION OF THE SPANISH COLONIAL HERITAGE IN THE SOUTHERN TAGALOG REGION OF THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: Tamayo Jose Antonio Lorenzo L.
Published: April 2023

Just like other dances that developed during the Christianization of the Philippines, the Sayaw ng Bati (Dance of Greeting), a dance performance conducted during the dawn of Easter Sunday in the Southern Tagalog Region, is a byproduct of transculturation, a process where the subordinate culture (the colonized) selects certain cultural items in the dominant culture (the colonizer) that fits their contexts and preferences. This paper then aims to elucidate how transculturation occurred in the Philippines that dramatically altered the precolonial heritage of the Filipino people during the Spanish colonization of the country. Using a variety of sources from reputable Filipino scholars in the field of cultural anthropology and dance, the precolonial and Spanish colonial experiences were reviewed and contrasted to understand how transculturation happened in Philippine society and to look for parallels between the two historical contexts, which also affected how dance forms imported from Europe were perceived and developed through the ingenuity of Filipinos during the colonization of the archipelago.
Some factors of subjective economic well-being
Authors:   Saratov State University, Suchkov Egor D.
Published: April 2023

Introduction. One of the main motivations of the human community is the desire for well-being, and its subjective feeling is the basis of a full-fledged life of the individual, which is why the study of subjective economic well-being (SWB) is an urgent task of modern psychology. The term “SWB” first appeared thanks to the works of B. Strumpel and A. Campbell. The concept was defined as the result of a social comparison of the actual status of a person with his needs and perception of his own position. The purpose of this work is to analyze the influence of certain factors on the personal subjective economic well-being: income, education, health. The article provides an analytical review of the works of foreign and domestic authors devoted to the discussion of three significant factors of subjective economic well-being: income, education, health. Theoretical analysis. Comparative analysis allows us to determine the impact of income, education and health on SWB. Empirical analysis. The analysis helps to identify the positive and significant impact of the three selected factors on the SWB. Conclusion. The research results have shown that the selected three factors of SWB in developed countries are the foundation of people’s well-being. But the influence of these same factors in developing countries may be significantly lower and further research is required to confirm this fact.
Research and design university campus as an effective environment for the development of a student-innovator
Authors:   Penza State Technological University, Dianova Yulia A. , Sergeeva Svetlana V. ,   Penza State Technological University
Published: April 2023

The relevance of the research is determined by the need to transform the educational environment of a modern university. Such environment is one of the conditions for the effective development of a student-innovator, who is motivated to carry out research and design, capable of searching for original ideas, innovative solutions, and project implementation. The purpose of the study is to reveal the essence of the concept of ″research and design campus″; to determine the structure of students’ readiness for innovation in the research and design campus; to identify the possibilities of the university research and design campus as an effective environment for the development of a student-innovator as illustrated by the example of Penza State Technological University (PenzSTU). The study shows that a research and design campus is an effective educational environment providing a system of opportunities for creativity, invention and personal self-development of a student-innovator at a modern university. The article reveals the essence of the concept of ″research and design campus″ from the standpoint of the environmental approach. The structure of the student’s readiness for innovation activity in a research and design campus is presented. This structure consists of four functional blocks. The personal-motivational block includes the student’s personal and professional qualities that determine his/her attitude to innovations of a career-oriented nature. The comprehension block contains ideas about the goals and content of the innovation activity. The implementation block includes qualities that ensure the creative implementation of an innovative project in practice. And the reflection block reflects the qualities associated with the student’s assessment of his/her own innovation activity. Based on the practical case of Penza State Technical University, the authors identified and characterized organizational, substantive and technological capabilities of the campus for the development of a student-innovator. Organizational capabilities include the resource potential and the structuring of the environment. Substantive capabilities are presented by the software provision of the innovative activity of students in the university research and design campus. The technological capabilities of the environment include diagnostics, forecasting, designing, production of the result, that assumes a change in the environment and personality according to the goals. The article makes the conclusion about the potential of the research and design campus in the fields of organizing and implementing theoretical and applied research and projects, of providing students’ collaborations and career guidance for student-innovators of a new formation.
Mechanisms of psychological defense and its dominant communication strategies in high school students and first-year students
Authors:   Bryansk State Academician I. G. Petrovski University, Matyash Natalya V. , Pavlova Tatyana A. ,   Bryansk State Academician I. G. Petrovski University, Pozdnyakov Georgy V. ,   Bryansk State Academician I. G. Petrovski University
Published: April 2023

The study of psychological defense mechanisms is relevant due to their significance in the development of personality self-regulation as well as their importance in teaching and personal development of high school students and university students. The objective of the study is to identify and compare the features of psychological defense and its dominant communication strategies in high school students and first-year students. The theoretical analysis of the problem showed that it is insufficiently studied. The research hypothesizes that psychological defense of high school students and university students has a similar character, since they can be attributed to the same age group. The study involved high school students of comprehensive schools (n=50, aged 16-17, 30 of them were boys and 20 were girls) and first-year university students (n=100, aged 17-19, 65 of them were boys and 35 were girls) living in the city of Bryansk. To identify the most common types of psychological defense, the “Life Style Index” methodology was used (R. Plutchik, G. Kellerman, H. R. Conte); the study of psychological defense strategies was conducted using the questionnaire “Diagnosis of the dominant strategy of psychological defense in communication” (V. V. Boyko). The obtained data indicate that the manifestation of different types of psychological defense and their dominant communication strategies in the two groups of subjects has a similar character. Statistically significant differences between the indicators (according to the F-test) were not found either, which emphasizes that the subjects belong to the same psychological age – youth. Indeed, the mechanisms of regression and displacement are the center of psychological defense in high school students, and displacement is dominant in university students. The data also show that such psychological defense strategies as placidity and withdrawal (avoidance) prevail in adolescence. The research has revealed significant correlation between non-constructive defense communication strategies and immature, non-adaptive types of psychological defense in high school students and university students. The gathered data contribute to a more complete understanding of the patterns of behavior self-regulation in senior schoolchildren and first-year students. The results can be used in counseling and psychocorrective work of a psychologist, as well as in the process of teaching and personal development of high school students and university students.
Involvement of adolescents in the search for behavioural patterns for harmonious interaction with the surrounding world as a factor of an individual’s spiritual development
Authors:   Tatishchev Astrakhan State University, Davydova Lyudmila N. , Satarova Larisa A. ,   Tatishchev Astrakhan State University
Published: April 2023

The research is relevant due to the solution of the scientific and pedagogical problem which is connected with the study of spirituality and the development of an adolescent’s behaviour on its basis. The problem is solved by involving teenagers in mastering behavioural patterns. The article substantiates the conception the study. It consists in understanding the mechanisms of the higher laws of being. In this case not only understanding, but also building one’s life in accordance with these laws and the laws of goodness, leads to the realization of the following idea: the planned things are carried out naturally, which indicates harmonious interaction with the surrounding world. It is noted that spirituality and morality are not identical, but their similarity is determined by the focus on the development and regulation of the relations with the surrounding world “from within”. The purpose of the study is to identify pedagogical tools that contribute to the activated development of adolescents’ consciousness based on spirituality. The research hypothesizes that if we bring teenagers to understanding the fundamentals of the organizing power peculiar to the laws of the universe, and if we equip them with appropriate behavioural patterns, then, as a result of the accumulated experience, teenagers will be able to interact harmoniously with the outside world and to achieve maximum success in everyday life. The sample of the research included teenage schoolchildren (N = 52) (Astrakhan) aged 14–15. The research methods comprise the methodology of ‘Value orientations’ (by M. Rokich), the ‘Unfinished Sentence’ technique, and a clarifying conversation aimed at finding out the peculiarities of understanding spiritual and moral values by adolescents and at identifying their relationships with the surrounding world. Results. On the basis of qualitative changes in the results of the pedagogical experiment, the study proves the significance of involving adolescents in the search for behavioural patterns of harmonious interaction with the outside world. The results also confirm the necessity of such search as a factor of the individual’s spiritual development. Conclusions. The study concludes that the use of the training sessions ‘The Art of Social Communication’ has contributed to the activated involvement of adolescents in the search for behavioural patterns for harmonious interaction with the surrounding world.
Tirmîzî’in Sünen’inde Buharî ve Ebû Zur’a’nın İhtilafları
Authors: AL-JAAD Anas
Published: April 2023

Tirmizî’nin Sünen’i, değerli bir hadis kaynağıdır. Bu eser, Buhârî, Müslim ve Ebu Dâvûd’un hadis kaynaklarından sonra dördüncü derecede kabul edilir. Tirmîzî bu eserinde hadis ilmi, ravi ilmi ve fıkıh mevzularını ele alr. Tirmîzî, söz konusu eserini Dârimî, Buhârî, Ebu Zur’a gibi bir kısım muhaddislerin sözlerini nakletmek suretiyle oluşturmuştur. Bu makalede Tirmizî’nin Buharî ve Ebû Zur’a’dan naklettiği hadis illetleri ile ilgili ihtilaflar ele alındı.
Eş’arî Kelâmcisi Miklâtî’nin Lübâbü’l-ʿukûl Bağlamında Bazı Kelâmî Görüşleri
Authors: HARMAN Vezir
Published: April 2023

Ebü’l-Haccâc Yûsuf b. Muhammed Miklâtî, 550-626 (1155-1229) yılları arasında yaşayan Eş’arî âlimidir. Felsefî görüşleri eleştirerek Ehl-i Sünnetin görüşlerini savunmak için Lübâbü’l-ʿukûl fî red ale’l-felâsife fî ilmi’l-usûl adıyla bir eser telif etmiştir. Miklâtî, Muvahhidî devletinde yaşamış önemli şahsiyetlerden biridir. Kuzey Afrika ve Endülüs bölgesinde Eş’arî kelâm sisteminin öğrenilmesinde katkıda bulunan bir müderristir. Ancak günümüzde onun hakkında herhangi bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bundan dolayı bu makalede felsefî görüşleri eleştirileri bağlamında Miklâtî’nin bazı kelâmî görüşlerini inceledik.
Karimi, Ahmad Milad. Hingabe-Grundfragen der systematisch-islamischen Theologie [Kendini Adama-Sistematik Kelamın Temel Sorunları]. Freiburg-Berlin-Wien: Rombach Verlag. 2015.
Authors: TAŞCI Özcan
Published: April 2023

Karimi, Ahmad Milad. Hingabe-Grundfragen der systematisch-islamischen Theologie [Kendini Adama-Sistematik Kelamın Temel Sorunları]. Freiburg-Berlin-Wien: Rombach Verlag. 2015.
Osmanlı Döneminde Ehl-i Sünnet Kelamı
Authors: TAŞCI Özcan
Published: April 2023

Badeen, Ulrich Rudolph’un “Al-Māturīdī und die sunnitische Theologie in Samarkand”(Mâturîdî ve Semerkant’ta Ehl-i Sünnet Kelamı) adlı eserinde kendisinin ele aldığı risalelerden bahsettiğini ve onlara bir başka açıdan temas ettiğini zikretmektedir. Eserin yazılış amacının Eş’arilik ve Maturdilik arasındaki farkları ortaya koyan eserlerin bir listesini vermekten daha ziyade bu farkları ele alan ancak şu ana kadar sadece el yazması halinde bulunan yedi eseri incelemek olduğunu bildirmektedir.
Jak Krzysztof Radziwiłł (1585–1640) dwory i zbory budował. Uwagi do organizacji prac budowlanych w dobrach magnackich na Litwie w pierwszej połowie XVII wieku. Część II
Authors: Zawadzki Jarosław
Published: April 2023

Tekst stanowi drugą część opracowania dotyczącego prowadzenia prac budowlanych w majątku jednego z najważniejszych litewskich magnatów pierwszej połowy XVII w., Krzysztofa Radziwiłła (1585–1640), wojewody wileńskiego i hetmana wielkiego litewskiego. Przedstawiono w nim pracowników zatrudnionych przy wznoszeniu budowli, od najmniej wykwalifikowanych po architektów i rzeźbiarzy. Uwagę poświęcono także produkcji lub nabywaniu materiałów budowlanych, ich transportowi i gromadzeniu. Następnie przedstawiono sam proces budowania lub remontowania budynków, jego przebieg i czas trwania. W podsumowaniu autor starał się uzasadnić, że na przebieg procesu inwestycyjnego w dobrach Krzysztofa Radziwiłła wpływały jego cechy osobowe i systemu pracy jaki przyjął (ścisła kontrola, monopol podejmowania decyzji, nawet w drobnych sprawach przez księcia, oszczędność). Decydujące jednak znaczenie, według autora, miał system społeczny i gospodarczy panujący w tym czasie w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim. Duży udział gospodarki naturalnej oraz wąski rynek usług i handlu towarami budowlanymi, powodował nieustanne problemy z utrzymaniem ciągłości i efektywności prac. Skutkowało to nieustannie ponawianymi próbami organizowania prac możliwie w największym stopniu rękami własnych poddanych pańszczyźnianych i za pomocą wytwarzanych we własnych majątkach produktów. Efektem tych zabiegów była zarówno niska jakość produktów, jak i wykonywanej pracy. Mniejsze, lecz ważne, znaczenie miały negatywne zjawiska naturalne, przede wszystkim liczne w latach 20. XVII wieku epidemie, lecz także pożary, wichury i powodzie. Negatywne znaczenie miały też procesy ogólnoeuropejskie, skutkujące, w wyniku zmiany struktury cen, spadkiem dochodowości majątków magnackich. W przypadku Krzysztofa Radziwiłła zjawisko to zostało znacznie osłabione w wyniku przypadających na ostatnie lata jego życia nadań bogatych królewszczyzn, przede wszystkim ekonomii mohylewskiej, w efekcie w latach 30. XVII wieku osiągał on najwyższe dochody.
Gramáticas y vocabularios coloniales del quechua y del aimara (1560-1619)
Authors: Ezcurra Rivero Álvaro
Published: April 2023

Un aspecto de importancia central para el conocimiento de la historia de los pueblos amerindios y sus lenguas es el estudio de las primeras descripciones léxicas y gramaticales que se hicieron de estas. La elaboración de artes y vocabularios de las lenguas vernáculas durante el periodo colonial americano es, como se sabe, una empresa desarrollada en el marco de la evangelización de los indígenas. Sus responsables fueron religiosos, principalmente frailes de distintas órdenes, predominantemente jesuitas para el caso de las descripciones del quechua y del aimara. Estos trabajos son el resultado del reconocimiento de la insoslayable necesidad de aprender las lenguas aborígenes para usarlas como medio de instrucción y transmisión de las verdades cristianas. Para el caso peruano, desde 1560 —año en que aparecen los primeros trabajos descriptivos del quechua, por cierto, antes inclusive de que varias lenguas europeas hayan sido objeto de descripción (Oesterreicher, 2009a)— se inaugura un fructífero periodo de producción léxica y gramatical, que incluirá también al aimara, y que se extenderá hasta aproximadamente mediados del siglo XVII.
La poesía de los conquistadores
Authors: Coello Óscar
Published: April 2023

El presente ensayo se propone historiar los inicios de la poesía castellana en el Perú. Surgida en la época del Prerrenacimiento, es una poesía escrita por españoles para españoles; pero cuyos asuntos tienen como referente el acontecer en estas nuevas tierras. Luego de una breve contextualización, se presenta el primer libro de poesía del Perú y de América, escrito en el Cuzco, en 1538, por Diego de Silva y Guzmán y que trata del descubrimiento del nuevo reino hispano del Perú; a continuación, se muestra a nuestro primer bardo castellano de nombre conocido, Francisco de Xerez, cuyo canto fue publicado en la fecha temprana de 1534. Se da cuenta también de la poesía culta, en coplas de arte mayor y en coplas reales, surgida en torno de las luchas por la posesión definitiva del Perú; y se finaliza con una presentación del romancero tradicional castellano de esta época fundacional
Pedro de Cieza de León : aventurero, soldado y escritor
Authors: Fossa Lydia
Published: April 2023

Cuando Pedro de León se embarcó en Sanlúcar de Barrameda en 1535, era un joven de catorce o quince años. Había nacido en Llerena, Badajoz circa 1520. Se animó a embarcarse porque varios de sus parientes ya vivían en Indias; además, se había deslumbrado con el tesoro de Atahualpa que viera en Sevilla entre 1533 y 1534. En la década de 1540 cambia su nombre, de Pedro de León1 a Pedro de Cieza de León, con el que firmaría sus libros. Posiblemente haya adoptado este último nombre en honor a su tío Alvaro de Cieza, hermano de su padre, que vivía en Santo Domingo (Maticorena, 1990b, p. 30) y lo acogiera en 1535. Cieza vive en Indias aproximadamente diecisiete años: casi quince en Cartagena y Popayán (hoy Colombia) y más de dos años en los Andes (de julio de 1547 a setiembre o diciembre de 1550). Recorrió la región desde Pacasmayo hasta Las Charcas (hoy Bolivia). Regresó a Sevilla en 1551 con cinco libros manuscritos y documentación para continuar escribiendo los dos más que tenía previstos. Publicó solo el primero y los demás quedaron en espera de revisiones y autorizaciones de las autoridades religiosas y laicas competentes. El autor no llegó a ver estos permisos, pues falleció el 2 de julio de 1554, en Sevilla (Maticorena, 1955, p. 641)
Lírica quechua colonial
Authors: Mannheim Bruce
Published: April 2023

Hablar de la lírica quechua colonial presenta dificultades tanto de orden conceptual como de orden empírico. El concepto mismo de la lírica viene de las prácticas poéticas griegas clásicas; y si bien en el sentido etimológico se refiere a la letra de la canción, en su acepción más estrecha actual se refiere a una relación discursiva entre actores que desempeñan dos funciones o roles sociales dentro de un formato de producción (Goffman, 1979), de un lado, el rol de principal, el que tiene inscrito su punto de vista, a pesar de quizás no ser ni el animador (quien está produciendo la oración) ni el autor (quien ha inscrito el guión de las palabras); del otro, un destinatario inscrito (pero no otros destinatarios que podrían estar presentes en la actualización de la lírica). Típicamente, aunque no siempre, el destinatario inscrito es un ser ausente, y la lírica lamenta su ausencia.
El teatro criollo
Authors: Reverte Bernal Concepción
Published: April 2023

El término teatro criollo suele emplearse para designar la parte del teatro colonial más próxima a las pautas del teatro peninsular coetáneo. A diferencia de otros tipos de teatro, el criollo seguirá, desde su llegada al Nuevo Mundo, la evolución del teatro peninsular, incorporando paulatinamente elementos autóctonos, de un modo más claro en las obras dramáticas cortas, de un modo más solapado en las obras extensas (Reverte & Reyes, 1998; Casa, García Lorenzo & García-Luengos, 2002; Huerta, 2003; Arrom ,1950, 1967; Chang-Rodríguez, 1999). Para entender mejor a los autores y obras que comentaremos, es preciso hacer varias consideraciones previas. En primer lugar, hablar de teatro virreinal peruano de los siglos XVII y XVIII supone, en sentido estricto, tratar del teatro que existió en un extenso territorio que abarcaba desde la actual Panamá, incluyendo gran parte de América del Sur. Desde el punto de vista de la administración española, Lima fue la capital de ese vasto territorio, del que se separaron a lo largo del siglo XVIII zonas que pasaron a constituir el virreinato de Nueva Granada (1739) y el virreinato del Río de la Plata (1776). Esto explica la relevancia cultural de Lima, equiparable a la de Ciudad de México respecto del virreinato de Nueva España, y, en el caso de ambas, sus semejanzas con el epicentro de la vida del Imperio, la ciudad y corte de Madrid
Historias religiosas como narrativas imperiales en el Perú del siglo XVII
Authors: Gálvez Peña Carlos M.
Published: April 2023

Este ensayo analiza el significado histórico y político de la historiografía religiosa producida en la ciudad de Lima entre aproximadamente 1620 y 1680. El significativo corpus de alrededor de una veintena de historias y narrativas históricas no tuvo paralelo en ninguna otra capital colonial hispanoamericana de la época y convirtió a Lima en el principal centro de la discusión histórica del siglo XVII.
Luces y sombras en la prosa ilustrada
Authors: Altuna Elena María
Published: April 2023

«Para tener una idea cabal de un país, es preciso saber analíticamente cuáles son los recursos que pueden hacer su felicidad». La sentencia con que Baquíjano y Carrillo abre su Disertación, publicada en el Mercurio Peruano en 1791, condensa en buena medida el pensamiento de las Luces en el virreinato. En efecto, un principio básico, que señala a la vez el alejamiento de formas de pensamiento ligadas a la religión, consistió en privilegiar la denominada «ética utilitaria», esto es, el comportamiento social encaminado a lograr un estado de bienestar de los ciudadanos y a una óptima distribución de las riquezas.
Modelo, imitación y cultura criolla en Juan de Espinosa Medrano
Authors: Rodríguez Garrido José A.
Published: April 2023

La obra que ha llegado a nosotros de Juan de Espinosa Medrano (1628?-1688), apodado en su tiempo el Lunarejo, abarca una diversidad de géneros (teatro, oratoria sagrada, debate académico, curso filosófico) y ha sido elaborada en diferentes lenguas (español, quechua, latín). Toda su producción se desarrolla en relación con el ámbito eclesiástico, ya sea como predicador o, particularmente, como estudiante y luego maestro en el Seminario de San Antonio Abad del Cuzco.
Comencé a interesarme por las revoluciones porque veía detrás de ellas una profunda humanidad... Lo que me interesaba era que sacrificaran su vida, su transquilidad, su libertad por su ideología, por los principios que postulaban
Authors: Oquendo Abelardo
Published: April 2023

Comencé a interesarme por las revoluciones porque veía detrás de ellas una profunda humanidad... Lo que me interesaba era que sacrificaran su vida, su transquilidad, su libertad por su ideología, por los principios que postulaban
¿Una revolución filosófica para el siglo XXI?
Authors: Quintanilla Pérez Wicht Pablo
Published: April 2023

La coexistencia de tradiciones y metodologías filosóficas tan diferentes entre sí ha hecho que surjan agudas reflexiones metafilosóficas que cuestionan si dichas ramas son parte de la misma disciplina1 . Asimismo, este contexto ha acarreado la discusión acerca de si hay criterios epistémicos compartidos para conmensurar o asignar valor a la prolífica y variada producción filosófica actual.
El diálogo intercultural como camino del filosofar en Latinoamérica
Authors: Depaz Toledo Zenón
Published: April 2023

Hablar de la filosofía y sus métodos, como lo propuso el coloquio al que asistimos, «La filosofía y sus métodos. Naturaleza, diversidad, complementariedad, e inconmensurabilidad», nos confronta con preguntas sobre los caminos por los que discurre o puede discurrir la filosofía. Asimismo, nos hace reconocer la diversidad como trasfondo de la pregunta sobre lo que es o pretende ser la filosofía, e instala la cuestión de la complementariedad o inconmensurabilidad de lo diverso. Ciertamente, la noción de método proyecta de por sí una pluralidad de posibilidades, pues su etimología, que remite al simbolismo del camino, designa atajos o vías paralelas para alcanzar un destino, ya que οδος significa camino, pero μετὰ designa aquello que está «junto a», «más allá de» o «al lado de».
Filosofía como «trabajo en uno mismo» : algunas propuestas
Authors: Fermandois Eduardo
Published: April 2023

Aunque los nombres de Popper, Jaspers, Russell, Camus y Giannini nos llevan a pensar espontáneamente en proyectos filosóficos harto dispares, las citas parecen apuntar a un ámbito compartido. No resultaría plausible asociar el aire de familia que las acerca con el mero hecho de que sus autores fuesen hijos del siglo XX.
La justicia penal en la cultura popular de Estados Unidos : cine y televisión
Authors: Asimow Michael
Published: April 2023

Este trabajo sobre la justicia penal en la cultura popular estadounidense plantea que, tanto en cine como en televisión, hay un género del drama judicial y que un subgénero de él concierne a la justicia penal. Se identifican los rasgos convencionales que en ambos definen el carácter de fiscales y abogados defensores como protagonistas que han poblado este género. Por último, se apunta a las historias de cine y televisión que están desestabilizando el género.
El papel del abogado litigante, a propósito de 22 de julio
Authors: de Belaúnde López de Romaña Javier
Published: April 2023

Estrenada en 2018, la película 22 de julio (guion y dirección de Paul Greengrass) reconstruye los dos atentados perpetrados en Noruega en 2011 por un ultranacionalista radical y que costaron la vida a 77 personas. El film combina la narración de los hechos, las vivencias de algunos de los protagonistas y las reacciones de las autoridades, a la vez que reserva un lugar destacado para el proceso judicial al que fue sometido el responsable de la matanza. Al abogado defensor se le asigna un papel de protagonista
Crimen y castigo. Muerte criminal y muerte justiciera
Authors: Wainerman Catalina
Published: April 2023

En 1969, unas breves vacaciones mías en Chile coincidieron con el Festival Internacional de Cine de Viña del Mar, que hoy es uno de los más importantes del mundo de la cinematografía. Ignoraba entonces que asistía a un festival nacido solo dos años antes, en 1967, y que desde entonces ha tenido lugar anualmente, salvo durante los años de la dictadura militar —hermana de otras dictaduras coetáneas latinoamericanas—, que lo censuró.
El secreto de sus ojos : justicia por mano propia y legitimidad del Estado
Authors: Linares Sebastián
Published: April 2023

El secreto de sus ojos es una película argentina, dirigida por Juan José Campanella, basada en la novela La pregunta de sus ojos, de Eduardo Sacheri. En la película, que apareció en las carteleras de cine en 2009, se trenzan una historia romántica y una historia criminal. La historia de un amor recobrado, entre Benjamín Espósito e Irene Menéndez Hastings, y la historia de un homicidio que quedó impune, cometido en Argentina durante la época del gobierno de María Estela Martínez de Perón (1974-1976) por un agente paraestatal involucrado en desapariciones masivas de personas.
La policía en la pantalla latinoamericana : precariedad, violencia y corrupción
Authors: Dammert Lucía
Published: April 2023

Policías que administran la prostitución y el tráfico de drogas en Buenos Aires son las principales imágenes que dejó la película El bonaerense en el año 2002. Previamente, en Plata quemada, película argentina del año 2000, se mostró a una institución policial menos preocupada por investigar y perseguir un robo o recuperar el dinero para las víctimas, que por adueñarse del botín y repartírselo entre los funcionarios.
Beatriz. «Muchas gracias por darme vida»
Authors: Morello Gustavo
Published: April 2023

Beatriz nació y ha vivido toda su vida en Córdoba, de un nivel socioeconómico medio, jubilada, con estudios terciarios incompletos. Se puso de novia con Diego, su esposo, en el verano de 1964. Han estado juntos «hasta el día de hoy. Con idas y venidas, ¡no creas! ». Tienen tres hijos, uno viviendo en el exterior, y dos nietos que ayudan a cuidar.
Lucy. «No necesito ir a la iglesia cuando la tengo en casa»
Authors: Avilés Aguirre David
Published: April 2023

Lucy siempre carga un rosario de madera sobre su pecho, excepto cuando duerme, ya que lo deja colgado en la pata de su cama para sentirse protegida. Está a cargo de la concesión de estacionamientos en la zona de ciudad universitaria,. trabajo que heredó de su fallecido esposo. Tiene 49 años y vive en un barrio al sur de la ciudad de Córdoba, con un hijo mayor de edad.
Las máscaras doradas de la Huaca de la Luna : "efecto posterior" a los trabajos de Uhle
Authors: Kaulicke Peter , Kurella Doris
Published: April 2023

En 1910 Eduard Seler (1849-1922) participa en dos congresos internacionales de americanistas llevados a cabo el mismo año por encargo del ministro de Cultura de Alemania. Después del congreso en Buenos Aires (17 a 23 de mayo) visita Titicaca y revisa críticamente los aportes de los que trabajaron y publicaron sobre el sitio, entre otros los de Max Uhle (Seler, 1915, pp. 115-121; 1923, pp. 355-360). Si bien apoya la posición de Uhle en contra de Posnanski (Uhle, 1912) no deja de traslucir ciertas discrepancias (1915, p. 121). Luego se dirige al Perú y visita Cajamarquilla, Pachacamac y Ancón cerca de Lima así como Chan Chan y Moche cerca de Trujillo. Casi todos estos sitios ya fueron investigados por Uhle con anterioridad y él mismo probablemente se los muestra a Seler y a otros participantes del congreso (Nastri, 2010), pero parece que estuvo solo en Trujillo donde le interesan, en particular, los trabajos en Moche. Cuenta con la publicación de Uhle de 1913 y la discute en forma detallada (Seler, 1915, pp. 124-125). Una visita al sitio le permite presentar una descripción pormenorizada del complejo Huaca del Sol y de la Luna y de murales desconocidos por Uhle —probablemente por haber sido descubiertos por huaqueros después de 1900— en lo que ahora se conoce como el Templo Nuevo (1915, p. 127, fig. 4, lám. VII). A través de comparaciones iconográficas con vasijas pintadas de la colección Gaffron en Lima y de la de Larco en Trujillo (1915, p. 127, figs. 2, 3-5) llega a la conclusión de que el edificio de la Huaca de la Luna y en extensión la Huaca del Sol junto con las vasijas pintadas pertenecen a una sola cultura con lo que confirma las conclusiones de Uhle.
El Combinado del Pacífico, una propuesta pedagógica para la integración
Authors: Rivera Patricio
Published: April 2023

Para una enseñanza de la historia que desarrolle conceptos que puedan ser internalizados por los estudiantes y permita lograr una integración entre Chile y Perú, se hace imprescindible incorporar casos de la actualidad en la historia y las ciencias sociales que enseñen nuevas temáticas de la historia de ambos países desde una perspectiva crítica. Este es el caso del Combinado del Pacífico