bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory chemical constituents of Flos Chrysanthemi Indici determined by UPLC-MS/MS integrated with network pharmacology
Authors: Tian Dong , Yang Yong , Yu Meng , Han Zheng-Zhou , Wei Min , Zhang Hong-Wu , Jia Hong-Mei , Zou Zhong-Mei
Published: July 2020

Flos Chrysanthemi Indici (FCI), is a common functional food for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. UPLC-MS/MS and network pharmacology were combined to investigate the comprehensive chemical profile of FCI with anti-inflammatory effect.
NaCl-promoted phase transition and glycosidic bond cleavage under microwave heating for energy-efficient biorefinery of rice starch
Authors: Yu Iris K. M. , Fan Jiajun , Budarin Vitaliy L. , Bouxin Florent P. , Clark James H. , Tsang Daniel C. W.
Published: July 2020

NaCl promotes starch gelatinisation via selective interactions with –OH groups and assists auto-catalysed hydrolysis, reducing energy use by 70% in microwave compared to conventional heating.
Synthesis of graphene oxide with a lower band gap and study of charge transfer interactions with perylenediimide
Authors: Bhardwaj Komal , Kumar Rachana , Kindo Naveen Joy , Vashistha Nikita , Patel Akhilesh Kumar , Kumar Mahesh , Kumar Pramod
Published: July 2020

The optical and electrical properties of graphene oxide (GO) have been modulated by using different chemical and physical routes.
Natural products as inspiration for the development of bacterial antibiofilm agents
Authors: Melander Roberta J. , Basak Akash K. , Melander Christian
Published: July 2020

Synthetic and medicinal chemistry are important tools in the development of more potent, more accessible, or more pharmacologically favorable derivatives of anti-biofilm natural products, in addition to facilitating structure confirmation and understanding of mechanistic pathways.
Hexaphenyl-1,3-butadiene derivative: a novel “turn-on” rapid fluorescent probe for intraoperative pathological diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Didi , Mao Huiling , Hong Yuning , Tang Yong , Zhang Yong , Li Min , Dong Yuping
Published: July 2020

The staining method based on AIE-active ZZ-HPB-NC can simple distinguish the hepatocellular carcinoma from liver noncancerous tissue, which overcomes the drawbacks of the poor anti-interference ability of the authoritative clinical H&E technique.
Intrinsic dynamic and static nature of each HB in the multi-HBs between nucleobase pairs and its behavior, elucidated with QTAIM dual functional analysis and QC calculations
Authors: Nakanishi Waro , Hayashi Satoko , Nishide Taro
Published: July 2020

Each HB in nucleobase pairs (Nu–Nu′) has the nature close to that of a molecular complex, for example. Energies for the formation of Nu–Nu′ are linearly correlated with the summarized values of the compliance constant of each HB in Nu–Nu′.
Pharmacological and natural products diversity of the brown algae genusSargassum
Authors: Rushdi Mohammed I. , Abdel-Rahman Iman A. M. , Saber Hani , Attia Eman Zekry , Abdelraheem Wedad M. , Madkour Hashem A. , Hassan Hossam M. , Elmaidomy Abeer H. , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan
Published: July 2020

Sargassum(F. Sargassaceae) is an important seaweed excessively distributed in tropical and subtropical regions.
Fabrication of an (α-Mn2O3:Co)-decorated CNT highly sensitive screen printed electrode for the optimization and electrochemical determination of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride using response surface methodology
Authors: Abdel-Raoof Ahmed M. , Osman Ayman O. E. , El-Desouky Ebrahim A. , Abdel-Fattah Ashraf , Abdul-Kareem Rady F. , Elgazzar Elsayed
Published: July 2020

A new chemically optimized screen-printed electrode modified with a cobalt-doped α-Mn2O3 nanostructure on carbon nanotube paste (α-Mn2O3:Co@CNTs) has been constructed for the recognition of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride.
Growth of large-scale MoS2 nanosheets on double layered ZnCo2O4 for real-time in situ H2S monitoring in live cells
Authors: Mani Veerappan , Selvaraj Shanthi , Jeromiyas Nithiya , Huang Sheng-Tung , Ikeda Hiroya , Hayakawa Yasuhiro , Ponnusamy Suru , Muthamizhchelvan Chellamuthu , Salama Khaled Nabil
Published: July 2020

Real-time quantification of H2S production in live biological cells using a MoS2/ZnCo2O4–ZnCo2O4 modified carbon cloth electrode.
Construction of traceable cucurbit[7]uril-based virus-mimicking quaternary complexes with aggregation-induced emission for efficient gene transfection
Authors: Liu De-E , Yan Xiangjie , An Jinxia , Ma Jianbiao , Gao Hui
Published: July 2020

A novel virus-mimicking gene delivery system with excellent endosomal escape, efficient transfection, and traceability is developed which can serve as a reference for the construction of novel multifunctional efficient gene delivery systems.
Chlorine-doped SnO2 hydrophobic surfaces for large grain perovskite solar cells
Authors: Gong Wenxiao , Guo Heng , Zhang Haiyan , Yang Jian , Chen Haiyuan , Wang Liping , Hao Feng , Niu Xiaobin
Published: July 2020

Both wetting and non-wetting tin oxide SnO2 were spin-coated and the non-wetting electron transport layer demonstrated a larger perovskite and higher power conversion efficiency.
The evaluation of possibilities of modern level casting bindings on the technological lignin basis practical appliance
Authors: Svinoroev Yu.A. , Dyadichev V.V. , Batyshev K.A. , Semenov K.G. , Dyadichev A.V. , Chornobay S.Ye. , Menyuk S.G.
Published: July 2020

Nowadays the ways of overcoming a problem of resource deficit include rationalization of the existing resource potential. In this respect it is expedient to use the secondary products of vegetable raw material processing due to expansion of lignosulfonate materials application.
Study of the inhibitory ability of inorganic di- and polyphosphate compositions
Authors: Niyazbekova Aktoty , Shakirov Timur , Almagambetova Mayra
Published: July 2020

The article considers the anticorrosive properties of inorganic di-and polyphosphate compositions in relation to St-3 steel, depending on the pH of the medium, the nature and concentration of phosphate, and the nature of the modifier ion. The research was conducted using GOST-based methods: gravimetry, potentiometry, photocolorimetry, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. On the basis of experimental data, quantitative indicators of corrosion process were determined: the rate of corrosion process, the degree of protection, the depth index, the coefficient of inhibition and the assessment of the stability of the formed film on the ball scale of corrosion resistance against steel. The analysis of experimental data allows to establish the influence of the above factors on the corrosion processes in the systems under study. The experimental data are supplemented by thermodynamic calculations of the corrosion process parameters, the results of which correlate well with the kinetic data of the process under study. In the course of the research work, the analysis of corrosion deposits was also carried out. The regularities established during the work contribute to the creation of effective di-and polyphosphate inhibitors with the highest degrees of protection.
Effect of sol-gel solution parameters on the formation of films on the surface of carbon fibers
Authors: Gallyamova Rida , Safiullin Rustam , Dokichev Vladimir , Musin Fanil
Published: July 2020

In this study to apply an oxide film to the surface of carbon fibers a sol-gel solution was used. Sol-gel solutions were prepared according to the described procedure from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and ethanol at various H2O concentrations. The molar ratio H2O/TEOS ratio was changed in the range from 2 to 20. After coating and drying, the surface morphology of carbon fibers was investigated. The relationship between the concentration of sol-gel solutions and the amount of deposited SiO2 on the surface of carbon fibers was analyzed.
Kinetics of liquid-phase shear exfoliation of graphite in synthetic oils
Authors: A A Alhilo Zaman , Pershin Vladimir , Osipov Aleksey
Published: July 2020

Lubricants modified with nanosized particles are of great interest to science and industry, since they have much better tribological characteristics compared to traditional lubricants. One of the most promising nanoparticles is graphene, which has an extremely low coefficient of friction, is very wear-resistant and environmentally friendly. Today, the main problem for the development of a new nano-lubricant is the creation of an environmentally friendly and cheap technology for the industrial production of graphene suspensions or graphene concentrates for the modification of traditional lubricants. The article describes the process of liquid-phase shear exfoliation of graphite in a rotary apparatus with moving blades, in synthetic oils. The kinetic dependences of the exfoliation process, i.e. the dependence of the concentration of graphene nanostructures in suspension over time at different values of the process parameters. It has been experimentally proved that using a stator-rotor mixer with moving blades, it is possible to obtain graphene nanostructure concentrations of at least 2 mg / ml.
Use of glass granules to produce effective gypsum composites
Authors: Petropavlovskaya Victoria , Novichenkova atiana , Petropavlovskii Kirill
Published: July 2020

The possibility of using glass hollow microspheres in self-reinforced gypsum composites in the work is investigated. The need to use microspheres for gypsum products is dictated by modern high requirements for safety and environmental protection to construction sites and the building materials industry. The dispersion characteristics and grain composition of Russian production glass hollow microspheres, as well as the main component, a gypsum binder, were studied. It was established that all compositions contain particles of micro- and nanometer size. It is shown that glass microspheres provide the structure of a composite with a hardened matrix a low density while maintaining the necessary strength without the introduction of expensive and environmentally unsafe chemical additives.
Modeling of the stamping process of box-type forging
Authors: Kadymov Vagid , Sosenushkin Evgeny , Yanovskaya Elena
Published: July 2020

A new mathematical model for manufacturing rectangular of box-type forgings is proposed. Along the outer contour of the forging there are walls with thickness comparable to the thickness of the bottom part of the forging. To calculate the power parameters of the technological process under study, the authors use the theory of flow in a relatively thin plastic layer as described by A. A. Ilyushin. A thickness-averaged two-dimensional mathematical model of the plastic layer spreading process is described by nonlinear partial differential equations of the first order with respect to the contact pressure and the flow velocity components. For a metal that is in a flat deformed state, the condition of complete plasticity is assumed, under which the tangent stresses in the layer are small in comparison with normal stresses and they can be ignored, and two normal stresses in the cross section can be considered equal in the first approximation. The third normal stress is equal to the contact pressure of the layer on the tool. In this case, it is sufficient to set a single boundary condition on the border of the regions.
Single-Stage Polystyrene Concrete 3D Printing Technology
Authors: Molodin Victor , Gasenko Ivan , Timin Pavel
Published: July 2020

The 3-D printers offered to the construction market can perform retained form layer-by-layer for subsequent filling with reinforced structural concrete and insulation. The use of a single-stage polystyrene concrete with polystyrene granules bloated directly in the printer head allows to form layer-by-layer the insulated wall for its entire width and reduce the erection operation to one technological conversion.
Assessment of Material Dislocation Damage by Nonlinear Ultrasound
Authors: Zhan Zaifu , Wang Shen , Huang Songling , Zheng Yang , Wang Fuping , Zhao Wei
Published: July 2020

Under harsh environment or during service, the mechanical properties of materials or structure will deteriorate. Most of the simulations exhibit the phenomenon of nonlinearity by introducing the actual small defects, without considering dislocation. In this manuscript, subroutines are written to change the mechanical constitutive behaviour of materials. When the mechanical constitutive behaviour of the material is not linear any more, it is found that the propagation of ultrasonic wave in the material will show more obvious nonlinear phenomenon. Furthermore, the nonlinear detection coefficient is used to characterize the increase of harmonic components. This work provides a new idea for nonlinear ultrasonic testing.
Study on Model-Based System Engineering in Satellite Layout
Authors: Wang Jiangyong , Jing Fa , Xia Yongquan , Xu Chunsheng
Published: July 2020

For satellite layout, it is necessary to collate manually in order to obtain accurate product technical requirements information. It is difficult to track the technical status information. It is proposed that the application of model-based system engineering (MBSE) in the cooperative development of multi-disciplinary and multisectoral satellite layout was an effective way to solve these problems. Based on the four typical processes of layout design, this paper studied the requirements to occupancy design, electromechanical joint design, integration of Attitude and Orbit Control System (AOCS) equipment layout, definition and display of equipment expansion, and give the verification design of star sensor layout. The results show that this method is beneficial to the collaboration of all departments, and improve the design ability.
A Fast Estimation Method for Satellite in Orbit Management
Authors: Cui Zhen , Ji Ye , Chen Bin , Yang Yang
Published: July 2020

The management of satellites in orbit requires accurate and rapid processing to minimize the impact of failures. Especially for fault handling involving energy security, the real-time nature of the process plays a decisive role. This paper proposes a fast estimation method based on satellite telemetry data. Through the analysis of the shape of the telemetry curve, the geometric method, the correlation analysis of the telemetry data on the satellite, or the physical principles, the required parameters are quickly obtained to facilitate rapid emergency processing. This method is applied to satellite in-orbit management, which can greatly improve the real-time performance of fault processing, and has good engineering practical value.
Research on Cooperative Strategy of Multiple Rockets
Authors: Yi Ke , She Si-hong , Zhang Shun , Hu Bang-ya , Liu Meng
Published: July 2020

In order to enhance the penetration ability of the rocket and the damage degree of the target, the trajectory design and optimization of the rockets are carried out, and the cooperative strategy of multiple rockets is designed. Firstly, the particle motion model of rocket is established, and the power and guidance scheme are given. Then, a cooperative attack strategy based on different launch points for multiple rockets is proposed, which transforms the cooperative attack into the optimization of launch points. The optimization model of the launch point under the expected attack time is established, and the model is solved by the cultural algorithm. The distribution of the launch point under different attack time is obtained and fitted as curves under corresponding conditions. Finally, aiming at the problem of multiple rockets cooperative combat, using the obtained curves, three kinds of cooperative strategies which are suitable for different attack time requirements are proposed and verified by simulation.
COVID-19. An update for orthopedic surgeons
Authors: Abdelnasser Mohammad Kamal , Morsy Mohamed , Osman Ahmed E. , AbdelKawi Ayman F. , Ibrahim Mahmoud Fouad , Eisa Amr , Fadle Amr A. , Hatem Amr , Anter Abdelhameed Mohammed , Hassan Ahmed Abdelazim A. , Shawky Abdelgawaad Ahmed
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected our world in a short period of time, and the orthopedic surgery practice was not an exclusion. Elective care was deferred in most health care facilities and emergency care was continued with strict precautions. With rapid progression of the pandemic, the response of the medical community is also rapidly changing in all aspects of delivering care. This led to a large number of publications with reports, guidelines, measures, ways to react to the crisis, and post-pandemic predictions and speculations. In this review we aimed at summarizing all the relevant information to the orthopedic surgery community. To do this, a comprehensive search was performed with all related terms on two scientific search engines, PubMed and SCOPUS, and the results were filtered by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. The result was 72 articles that were further reduced to 33 articles after full text reading. The resultant information was organized under 5 main headings; the impact of pandemic on the orthopedic practice, COVID-19 and the trauma patient, elective and emergency surgeries during the pandemic, peri-operative management of the patient with COVID-19, Miscellaneous effects of the pandemic such as those on training programs and the evolution of telemedicine. This review represents the most up to date information published in the literature that is a must-know to every orthopedic surgeon.
Die Einstellung deutscher Hausärzte zu rechtlichen und
wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen ihrer Tätigkeit
Authors: Berensmeier Nina , Schulze Johannes
Published: July 2020

Der medizinisch-technische Fortschritt, die demografische Entwicklung und ein
verändertes gesellschaftliches Verständnis von Gesundheit und
Krankheit verändern die Anforderungen an die moderne
hausärztliche Medizin. Parallel wächst der privat finanzierte
sekundäre Gesundheitsmarkt. Die hausärztliche Tätigkeit
ist durch die Vorgaben des Sozialgesetzbuches (wirtschaftlich, angemessen,
notwendig, zweckmäßig), zunehmend auch von der
ökonomischen Ausrichtung des sekundären Gesundheitsmarktes und
von rechtlichen Fragestellungen geprägt. Um die Auswirkungen dieser
Entwicklung zu erfassen, wurden deutsche niedergelassene Hausärzte zu
den hieraus resultierenden Einstellungen und Konsequenzen befragt. An der
vorliegenden Untersuchung nahmen 500 Hausärzte per Online-Umfrage zur
ärztlichen Tätigkeit teil. Der verwendete Fragebogen wurde auf
Grundlage halbstrukturierter Interviews entwickelt und vorgetestet. Er enthielt
Items zur Einstellung gegenüber dem sekundären Gesundheitsmarkt
sowie zu wirtschaftlichen und rechtlichen Konsequenzen. Die Stichprobe
teilnehmender Hausärzte war, mit Ausnahme des Geschlechts,
repräsentativ für niedergelassene Hausärzte in
Deutschland. Jeder zweite Hausarzt lehnte eine private Honorierung von
Gesundheitsleistungen ab. Der Einfluss medizinfremder Akteure auf
ärztliche Maßnahmen wurde von 75% negativ wahrgenommen.
Der Aussage, dass eine Integration innovativer Versorgungskonzepte durch die
Digitalisierung die Patientenversorgung verbessert, stimmten nur 8% der
Teilnehmer zu, während 37% diese Aussage ablehnten. 41%
der Befragten befürworten eine stärkere rechtliche
Überwachung wegen des zunehmenden negativen Einflusses der
Privatisierung. Allerdings empfanden etwa zwei Drittel der Teilnehmer die
aktuelle Gesetzgebung, darunter die Verabschiedung des Antikorruptionsgesetzes
2016, als unangemessen. Das Vertrauen von Hausärzten in die juristische
Strafverfolgung medizinischer Tatbestände ist nur gering. Das
hausärztliche Selbstverständnis wird sich durch eine
stärkere Integration wirtschaftlicher und rechtlicher Aspekte
ändern, welches für eine moderne Hausarztmedizin erforderlich
ist. Eine kritische Diskussion zu möglichen Folgen der
Wettbewerbsorientierung muss jegliche innovative Versorgung streng begleiten.
Die Verknüpfung des klassischen Gesundheitssystems mit dem
sekundären Gesundheitsmarkt bietet neben der Gefahr der
Ökonomisierung einer Praxis auch Chance zur Verbesserung der
medizinischen Versorgungsqualität.
Metabolische Wirkungen und kardiovaskuläre Sicherheit einer oralen Dreifachtherapie des Typ-2-Diabetes: das Beispiel Metformin, Empagliflozin und Linagliptin
Authors: Gallwitz Baptist , Schmieder Roland
Published: July 2020

Basierend auf neuen Erkenntnissen und Leitlinien wird die orale Dreifachtherapie des Typ-2-Diabetes am Beispiel der Kombination aus Metformin, Empagliflozin und Linagliptin diskutiert. Der SGLT-2-Hemmstoff Empagliflozin verbessert im Vergleich zu Placebo den kombinierten Endpunkt aus kardiovaskulärem Tod oder nicht tödlichem Myokardinfarkt oder Schlaganfall (MACE-3) und reduziert die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Klinikaufnahme wegen Herzinsuffizienz sowie die Gesamtsterblichkeit. Eine neu auftretende oder sich verschlechternde Nephropathie wird ebenfalls seltener beobachtet. Der DPP-4-Hemmstoff Linagliptin senkt Blutzucker und HbA1c und hat keine Wirkungen auf den kardiovaskulären Endpunkt MACE-3, während die Progression der Albuminurie im Vergleich zu Placebo vermindert wird. Im Vergleich zum Sulfonylharnstoff Glimepirid sind die kardiovaskulären Wirkungen ähnlich, Hypoglykämien aber deutlich seltener. Die Kombination des insulinotropen Linagliptin mit dem insulinunabhängigen Glukose ausscheidenden Wirkprinzip von Empagliflozin verbessert im Vergleich zu Placebo bei mit Metformin unzureichend behandelten Patienten die metabolische Situation. Bei solchen Patienten ist die Fixkombination aus Empagliflozin und Linagliptin die erste, bei der Langzeitwirkungen der Einzelkomponenten in drei kardiovaskulären Endpunktstudien bestätigt wurden.
Far Lateral Approach (Transcondylar, Transtubercular) for Bypass and Trapping of a Ruptured, Dissecting PICA Aneurysm
Authors: Venteicher Andrew S. , Goldschmidt Ezequiel , Gardner Paul A.
Published: July 2020

Aneurysms of the posterior circulation pose a unique challenge due to higher rupture rates, higher recurrence rates following endovascular treatment, and extended open cranial base approaches required to reach the ventrally located brainstem circulation. While endovascular therapy has made tremendous strides in successful treatment for most posterior circulation aneurysms, open microscopic approaches remain essential in specific circumstances. Here, we present a case of a patient who presented with acute, severe headache, and sixth nerve palsies, and who was found to have hydrocephalus and a dissecting aneurysm at the anterolateral medullary segment of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). Interestingly, this patient had a history of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency that has been linked with spontaneous aortic and cervical arterial dissections. The fusiform geometry of the dissecting aneurysm was deemed suboptimal for endovascular treatment, so an open microsurgical approach for occipital artery to PICA bypass and aneurysm trapping was planned. Because this patient had cerebral edema in the setting of a ruptured aneurysm and hydrocephalus, a far lateral craniotomy combined with drilling of the occipital condyle and jugular tubercle was critical to enhance exposure of the first segment of the PICA and to minimize brain retraction. In this video, we highlight the key steps and nuances for harvest of the occipital artery, achieving control of the extracranial vertebral artery, performing the transcondylar and transtubercular far lateral approach, and bypass with trapping technique for these challenging posterior circulation aneurysms.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/dqgblwX6t0Q.
Facile Approach to Geminal Heterodihalogenation. One-Pot Synthesis of α-Bromo-α-Chloro Ketones
Authors: Bian Ming , Zhou Jin-feng , Tang Dong-min
Published: July 2020

An efficient and practical protocol for the geminal heterodihalogenation of methyl ketones by using readily available dimethyl sulfoxide and a combination of HCl and HBr is reported. Control experiments suggested that the acidity of the solution, as well as the oxidizing ability and nucleophilicity of the dimethyl sulfoxide might work cooperatively in ensuring the success of the tandem substitution. Its operational simplicity, easy accessibility, and mild oxidative conditions suggest that the present strategy might be useful for the assembly of bromochloromethyl functional groups in drug discovery.
Acid and Solvent Effects on the Regioselectivity of Minisci-Type Addition to Quinolines Using Amino Acid Derived Redox Active Esters
Authors: Phipps Robert J. , Hadrys Barbara W.
Published: July 2020

Minisci-type reactions comprise an important class of reactions for the direct functionalization of basic heterocyclic compounds. On certain heterocycles, such as quinolines, Minisci-type reactions face a regioselectivity choice which often results in mixtures of regioisomers at the C2 and C4 positions, limiting utility. We present a study of the effect of solvent and Brønsted acid catalyst on regioselectivity in the addition of N-acetyl-substituted, α-amino alkyl radicals to quinolines. By tuning the solvent and acid combination we identify conditions that strongly favour C2 and strongly favour C4 and present a small scope of compatible substrates.
Response Assessment Following Image-Guided Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Gupta Pankaj , Kalra Naveen , Gulati Ajay , Dev Vishnu , Gorsi Ujjwal , Cheluvashetty Sreedhara B. , Kumar-M Praveen , Duseja Ajay , Singh Virendra , Dhiman Radha K. , Sandhu Manavjit Singh
Published: July 2020

Image-guided locoregional therapies have an important role in the management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent advances in the ablative as well as endovascular therapies have expanded the role of interventional radiologists in the treatment of HCC. Following image-guided therapy, an accurate response assessment is vital. Knowledge regarding normal postprocedure changes and subtle signs of residual or recurrent disease is important. In this review, we discuss various response evaluation criteria currently employed for HCC. We also discuss the postprocedure imaging features suggestive of residual disease or recurrence and imaging biomarkers for response assessment.
Outcome of Cardiac ECMO in Children Less than 1 Year Age Undergoing Corrective Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Singh Sarvesh Pal , Sengupta Sanjoy , Sahu Manoj Kumar , Talwar Sachin , Devagourou Velayoudham , Rajashekar Palleti , Chowdhury Ujjwal Kumar
Published: June 2020

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has emerged as an effective mechanical support device to support both respiratory and cardiac function following cardiac surgery. The use of ECMO is more common among children who undergo complex surgical procedures. The objective of this study was to observe the outcomes of children subjected to central venoarterial (VA) ECMO after congenital cardiac surgery and identify the factors influencing survival in these children. Twenty children, below the age of 1 year, who underwent corrective cardiac surgery and were placed on ECMO support within first 48 hours of biventricular repair, from July 2018 to June 2019, were included in this study. ECMO was initiated either in the operating room (either preoperative decision or unable to come off cardiopulmonary bypass [CPB]) or in the intensive care unit (low-cardiac output syndrome). The maintenance and weaning from ECMO was done as per institute protocol. At the initiation of ECMO, the flows were maintained between 100 and 150 mL/kg/min. The flows were decreased if it was possible to maintain normal perfusion with lesser flows. Out of 20 children, 12 children were less than or equal to 2 months of age. The 30-day survival was 45% and all the children were alive at 4 months after discharge from hospital. A negative cumulative fluid balance (CFB) of more than 50 mL/kg in the first 48 hours, decreasing lactate and inotropic score, and improving ventricular function in the first 3 days of ECMO were associated with improved survival. The following factors were correlated with decreased survival: aortic cross-clamp time (AOCX T) more than 106 minutes, higher initial ECMO flows (75 vs. 52%), ECMO duration more than 4 days, increased transfusion of blood and blood products, urine output < 1.06 ± 0.81/kg/h (in the first 48 h), and increasing trend of C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
A model for radiative heating of a high-Z pusher
Authors: Dodd E. S. , Molvig K. , Huang C.-K. , Albright B. J.
Published: July 2020

Several approaches to Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF), including double-shell, pushered-single-shell, and the Revolver designs, have fuel surrounded by pushers made from high-Z materials. An advantage of these designs is that radiation emitted by the hot fuel will be absorbed and re-radiated into the fuel to reduce cooling. This process is referred to as radiation-trapping, and it lowers the fuel temperature required for ignition. To elucidate the physics of radiation trapping, a simplified model comprising a set of coupled differential equations has been developed to model the arbitrary time-dependent wall temperature from the Hammer and Rosen solution [J. H. Hammer and M. D. Rosen, Phys. Plasmas 10, 1829 (2003)] to a Marshak wave. The derivation of the model and a set of analytical power-law solutions will be presented. A discussion on numerical implementation of the differential equations into a model for burn in ICF capsules is also included.
Numerical simulation of streamer discharge development processes with multi-component SF6 mixed gas
Authors: Ou Xuefeng , Wang Lijun , Liu Jie , Lin Xin
Published: July 2020

In recent years, more stringent environmental protection requirements have led to increasingly higher voltage power equipment that adopt SF6 mixed gas as an insulation medium. In this paper, the streamer development in SF6 mixed gas and the distribution of each gas component were studied over time. Thus, a discharge model of the needle plate electrode with SF6 mixed gas was established. The hydrodynamic model for SF6 mixed gas discharge in uneven electric fields was created by coupling the Boltzmann drift-diffusion equation and Poisson's equation. The influence of different factors, such as the applied voltage, gas mixture ratio, and electrode spacing, on the streamer discharge of SF6/N2 mixed gas, and the influence of the type of mixed gas (air and CO2) combined with SF6 on the streamer development process were studied. The simulation results showed that the higher SF6 content in the mixed gas made breakdown more difficult, and a higher pressure led to a more concentrated streamer. Comparing and analyzing the discharge processes under different SF6 mixed gases (SF6/CO2, SF6/air, and SF6/N2) showed that the streamer for the SF6/CO2 mixture took longer to develop toward the plate electrode with a more difficult breakdown. The presented simulation results provide a microscopic interpretation for the needle-plate discharge defects that appear in power equipment that utilize SF6 mixed gas.
Active optical table tilt stabilization
Authors: Lewandowski Charles W. , Knowles Tyler D. , Etienne Zachariah B. , D’Urso Brian
Published: July 2020

We show that a simple modification to an optical table with pneumatic vibration isolation can be used to actively reduce the long term drift in the tilt of the table by nearly a factor of 1000. Without active stabilization, we measure a root-mean-square (rms) tilt variation of 270 µrad over three days. The active stabilization can be used to limit the tilt to 0.35 µrad rms over the same time period. This technique can be used to minimize drift in tilt-sensitive experiments.
Numerical investigation of the periodical complementary dielectric-barrier discharge equipped with double-ring electrodes in atmospheric helium
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Jing , Lei Bingying , Xing Yufei , Xu Boping , Liu Yinghua , Li Xinzhong , Wang Yishan , Tang Jie , Zhao Wei , Duan Yixiang
Published: July 2020

A two-dimensional fluid model was used to investigate the characteristics of helium dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) equipped with double-ring electrodes at atmospheric pressure. Simulation results show that although the temporal evolutions of discharge current and current density at different radial positions exhibit the same or similar characteristics to those in traditional DBD, a distinctive spatial discharge structure is observed during the discharge process. The spatial distribution of electron density at current peak moments exhibits a periodical complementary feature between the center-advantage and the periphery-advantage with the inner ring electrode covering the radial axis from 0.5 to 1.0 mm. When the inner ring electrode covers the radial axis from 1.0 to 1.5 mm, the spatial distribution of electron density satisfies another periodical complementary behavior between the electrode-center-advantage and the coexistence of periphery-advantage and center-advantage. These complementary discharge features mainly result from non-uniform electric field and surface charge distribution at the end of the previous discharge. The difference of the discharge structure between the two cases is attributed to the fact that Laplacian field distributions are largely dependent on the arrangement of double-ring electrodes. Our observations show that electrode geometry plays an important role in the formation of the discharge structure.
Efficiency increase in multijunction monochromatic photovoltaic devices due to luminescent coupling
Authors: Xia Daixi , Krich Jacob J.
Published: July 2020

We present a multijunction detailed-balance model that includes the effects of luminescent coupling, light trapping, and nonradiative recombination, suitable for the treatment of multijunction solar cells and photonic power converters—photovoltaic devices designed to convert the narrow-band light. The model includes both specular and Lambertian reflections using a ray-optic formalism and treats nonradiative processes using an internal radiative efficiency. Using this model, we calculate and optimize the efficiency of multijunction photonic power converters for a range of material qualities and light-trapping schemes. Multijunction devices allow increased voltage with lower current, decreasing series resistance losses. We show that efficiency increases significantly with an increased number of junctions, even without series resistance, when the device has an absorbing substrate. Such an increase does not occur when the device has a back reflector. We explain this effect using a simplified model, which illustrates the origin of the decreased radiative losses in multijunction devices on substrates.
On Beltrami states near black hole event horizon
Authors: Bhattacharjee Chinmoy , Feng Justin C.
Published: July 2020

In this article, we study Beltrami equilibria for plasmas near the horizon of a spinning black hole and develop a framework for constructing the magnetic field profile in the near horizon limit for Clebsch flows in the single-fluid approximation. We find that the horizon profile for the magnetic field is shown to satisfy a system of first-order coupled ODEs dependent on a boundary condition for the magnetic field. For states in which the generalized vorticity vanishes (the generalized “superconducting” plasma state), the horizon profile becomes independent of the boundary condition and depends only on the thermal properties of the plasma. Our analysis makes use of the full form for the time-independent Ampère's law in the 3 + 1 formalism, generalizing earlier conclusions for the case of vanishing vorticity, namely, the complete magnetic field expulsion near the equator of an axisymmetric black horizon assuming that the thermal properties of the plasma are symmetric about the equatorial plane. For the general case, we find and discuss additional conditions required for the expulsion of magnetic fields at given points on the black hole horizon. We perform a length scale analysis, which indicates the emergence of two distinct length scales characterizing the magnetic field variation and the strength of the Beltrami term, respectively.
Integrated vortex beam emitter in the THz frequency range: Design and simulation
Authors: Pi Hailong , Rahman Tasmiat , Boden Stuart A. , Ma Tianjun , Yan Jize , Fang Xu
Published: July 2020

Compact vortex beam emitters have emerged as new light sources for novel applications in areas including spectroscopy, particle manipulation, and communications. Reported devices depend on linear optical phenomena and emit light in the near-infrared (IR) regime. Here, we propose and numerically evaluate a nonlinear vortex beam emitter that functions in the THz regime. The design utilizes a LiNbO3 microring, a Si microdisk, and an Au second-order top grating to convert waveguide-coupled IR light into a freely propagating THz beam via a difference-frequency generation. The output beam carries a topological charge that is tunable with input wavelengths. Three devices are evaluated in a test frequency range from 9 THz to 13.5 THz, and the topological charge can change from −2 to 4. A frequency shift accompanies the change in the topological charge, and its magnitude depends on the planar dimensions of the emitter.
Ab initio spectroscopy of the aluminum methylene (AlCH2) free radical
Authors: Tarroni Riccardo , Clouthier Dennis J.
Published: July 2020

Extensive ab initio investigations of the ground and electronic excited states of the AlCH2 free radical have been carried out in order to predict the spectroscopic properties of this, as yet, undetected species. Difficulties with erratic predictions of the ground state vibrational frequencies, both in the literature and in the present work, have been traced to serious broken-symmetry instabilities in the unrestricted Hartree-Fock orbitals at the ground state equilibrium geometry. The use of restricted open-shell Hartree–Fock or complete active space self consistent field orbitals avoids these problems and leads to consistent and realistic sets of vibrational frequencies for the ground state. Using the internally contracted multireference configuration interaction method with aug-cc-pV(T+d)Z basis sets, we have calculated the geometries, energies, dipole moments, and vibrational frequencies of eight electronic states of AlCH2 and AlCD2. In addition, we have generated Franck–Condon simulations of the expected vibronic structure of the Ã−X̃, B̃−X̃, C̃−X̃, and C̃−Ã band systems, which will be useful in searches for the electronic spectra of the radical. We have also simulated the expected rotational structure of the 0–0 absorption bands of these transitions at modest resolution under supersonic expansion cooled conditions. Our conclusion is that if AlCH2 can be generated in sufficient concentrations in the gas phase, it is most likely detectable through the B̃2A2–X̃2B1 or C̃2A1–X̃2B1 electronic transitions at 515 nm and 372 nm, respectively. Both band systems have vibrational and rotational signatures, even at modest resolution, that are diagnostic of the aluminum methylene free radical.
A film-texture driven piezoelectricity of AlN thin films grown at low temperatures by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition
Authors: Nguyen Tai , Adjeroud Noureddine , Glinsek Sebastjan , Fleming Yves , Guillot Jérôme , Grysan Patrick , Polesel-Maris Jérôme
Published: July 2020

Simultaneously inducing preferred crystalline orientation with a strong piezoelectric response in polycrystalline aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films by atomic layer deposition is a technical challenge due to the upscaling of the integration of piezoelectric functionalities, such as sensing and actuation, in micro-devices without any poling process. Utilizing low-temperature plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD), highly c-axis-oriented AlN films have been prepared with precise control over the relative composition, purity levels, and chemical states of constituent elements. Tailoring thermodynamic parameters, such as the growth temperature and purging time after the trimethylaluminum precursor pulsing before the N2:H2:Ar plasma reaction, provide the possibility of modulating the texture coefficient and the relative piezoelectric response. The effective transverse piezoelectric e31,f coefficient of 0.37 C/m2 was achieved on the AlN film grown at 250 °C and 30 s with the highest texture coefficient TC(002) of 2.75 along the c-axis orientation. The process proposed, at a low temperature with the highly conformal growth of aluminum nitride thin films by PE-ALD, opens up pathways to design novel piezoelectric functional materials for micro-electro-mechanic system devices with complementary metal oxide semiconductor process temperature compatibility.
Optical detection of the percolation threshold of nanoscale silver coatings with optical fiber gratings
Authors: Liu Fu , Zhang Xuejun , Guo Tuan , Albert Jacques
Published: July 2020

The metal-to-dielectric transition of silver films deposited on single-mode optical fibers is monitored by measurements of the transmission spectra of tilted fiber Bragg gratings inscribed in the core of the fiber. In situ, real-time measurements of the spectrum at wavelengths near 1550 nm during the wet etching of a 50 nm thick silver coating show a sudden and temporary decrease of more than 90% in the amplitudes of the core-to-cladding mode coupling resonances when the film thickness reaches 18 nm. Confirmation that this observation corresponds to the percolation threshold is obtained from simultaneous measurements of the silver coating conductivity during etching and by simulations of the grating response. The characteristic spectral signature of the percolation threshold is only obtained for cladding modes polarized azimuthally in the fiber cross section, i.e., parallel to the film surface.
Stability of a non-Newtonian falling film due to three-dimensional disturbances
Authors: Mogilevskiy E.
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we apply the normal modes method to study the linear stability of a liquid film flowing down an inclined plane, taking into account the complex rheology of the media. We consider generalized Newtonian liquids; the conditions of the Squire theorem do not hold for this case. We check if the flow is unstable due to three-dimensional (3D) disturbances that propagate at a certain angle to the flow direction but stable for the two-dimensional (2D) ones. We derived the generalized Orr–Sommerfeld equation, considered a long-wave approximation, and proved that 3D long-wave disturbances are less growing than the 2D ones for any rheological law. We solved the problem for finite wavenumbers numerically and found that for low inclination angles of the plane, instability due to 3D disturbances prevails. In this case, the shear mode of instability dominates, and the surface tension destabilizes the flow. For shear-thickening liquids, the critical Reynolds number decreases down to zero.
Melting points of alkali chlorides evaluated for a polarizable and non-polarizable model
Authors: DeFever Ryan S. , Wang Haimeng , Zhang Yong , Maginn Edward J.
Published: July 2020

Accurate molecular models of pure alkali halides are a prerequisite for developing transferable models of molten salts that can predict the properties of complex salt mixtures, such as those including dissolved actinide species and metal ions. Predicting the melting point of a substance represents a rigorous test of model quality. To this end, we compute the melting points of the alkali chlorides for a popular non-polarizable and polarizable model. Neither model yields more accurate predictions of the melting points across the entire family of alkali chlorides. Further calculations suggest that this may be because neither model simultaneously represents both the solid and liquid phases with sufficient accuracy across all four alkali chlorides. We find that the deviation from experiment in the model enthalpy of melting may be a good indicator of the deviation from experiment in the model melting temperature. Since the enthalpy of melting is easier to calculate in simulation than melting temperature, it may be a useful quantity to target when developing new force fields for molten salts.
Defect properties of Sb2Se3 thin film solar cells and bulk crystals
Authors: Hobson Theodore D. C. , Phillips Laurie J. , Hutter Oliver S. , Durose K. , Major Jonathan D.
Published: July 2020

As an absorber in photovoltaic devices, Sb2Se3 has rapidly achieved impressive power conversion efficiencies despite the lack of fundamental knowledge about its electronic defects. Here, we present a deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) study of deep level defects in both bulk crystal and thin film device material. DLTS study of Bridgman-grown n-type bulk crystals revealed traps at 358, 447, 505, and 685 meV below the conduction band edge. Of these, the energetically close pair at 447 and 505 meV could only be resolved using the isothermal transient spectroscopy (rate window variation) method. A completed Sb2Se3 thin film solar cell displayed similar trap spectra with traps identified at 378, 460, and 690 meV. The comparable nature of defects in thin film and bulk crystal material implies that there is minimal impact of polycrystallinity in Sb2Se3 supporting the concept of benign grain boundaries.
Multichannel dynamics in the OH+ n-butane reaction revealed by crossed-beam slice imaging and quasiclassical trajectory calculations
Authors: Li Hongwei , Troya Diego , Suits Arthur G.
Published: July 2020

Multidimensional reactions present various channels that can exhibit very different dynamics and give products of varying subsequent reactivity. Here, we present a combination of experiment and theory to reveal the dynamics of hydrogen abstraction by OH radical at primary and secondary sites in n-butane at a collision energy of 8 kcal/mol. Crossed molecular beam slice imaging experiments unequivocally probe the secondary abstraction channel showing backward angular distributions with mild energy release to product translation, which are accurately captured by trajectory calculations using a specific-reaction-parameter Hamiltonian. Experiments containing both reaction channels indicate a less marked backward character in the angular distribution, whose origin is shown by trajectory calculations to appear as an evolution toward more sideways scattering from the secondary to primary channel. While the two channels have markedly different angular distributions, their energy release is largely comparable, showing ample energy release into the water product. The synergistic combination of crossed-beam imaging and trajectories opens the door to detailed reaction-dynamics studies of chemical reactions with ever-increasing complexity.
Cold, supersaturated urban air could be accelerating pollutant particle growth
Authors: Berkowitz Rachel
Published: July 2020

A new experiment suggests that ammonium nitrate particles nucleate and quickly grow in winter conditions.