bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective Effects of Purple Sweet Potato Balinese Cultivar in Wistar Rats With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Adnyana I Made Oka , Sudewi AA Raka , Samatra DPG Purwa , Suprapta DN
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND: Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea Batatas L.) is one of the sources for anthocyanin, which promotes the health through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotection, and anti-apoptosis activities. Oxidative stress has been shown to be the cause of apoptosis in ischemic stroke.
AIM: The objective of this research was to delineate the pleiotropic effects of anthocyanin for neuroprotection during an acute stroke event.
METHODS: Anthocyanin was extracted from Balinese cultivar of purple sweet potato and subsequently administered to rat models of induced ischemic stroke (labelled as treatment group), as well as a placebo (labelled as a control group). Several parameters were in turn evaluated, i.e. the activities of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) as well as pro-apoptotic (cytochrome c, caspase-3) molecules, and apoptosis rate. Bcl-2 levels were determined using the histochemical method, cytochrome c and caspase-3 via ELISA method, while apoptosis rate was measured by TdT-medicated Dutp-Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) assay.
RESULTS: Bcl-2 expression demonstrated significantly higher Bcl-2 expression in the treatment compared with control group (median 31.2 vs. 1.1; p = 0.001). Accordingly, pro-apoptotic cytochrome c and caspase-3 levels were also found significantly lower in the treatment as opposed to control group (mean 4.17 vs. 8.06; p = 0.001; mean 3.81 vs. 8.02; p = 0.001). Ultimately, apoptosis rate was found markedly lower among treatment than control groups (mean 3.81 vs. control 21.97; p = 0.003).
CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated a significant neuroprotective effect of anthocyanin derived from Balinese cultivar of PSP. Anthocyanin was able to increase and reduce anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic protein levels, respectively, resulting in lesser cellular apoptotic rate when compared with placebo. The potential mechanism was thought mainly due to its anti-oxidant properties.
L’action publique responsable : tautologie ou problématique émergente ?
Authors: Larat Fabrice , Bartoli Annie
Published: November 2018

Résumé Lorsqu’elle se réfère à l’action publique, la question de la responsabilité prend une connotation différente et complémentaire des concepts de responsabilité administrative ou de responsabilité politique. En abordant l’action publique non seulement comme une démarche de production d’activités, mais plus précisément comme une manière particulière d’aborder les problèmes, de rechercher des solutions, et de gérer les conséquences des actions menées par les pouvoirs publics, cet article cherche à resituer le sens et la portée de la responsabilité à l’aune des mutations qui caractérisent désormais l’action conduite au nom de la puissance publique, notamment du fait des changements d’échelles et de contours. S’il peut au prime abord paraître tautologique, le concept d’action publique responsable se révèle être en fait une problématique émergente porteuse d’enjeux majeurs et révélatrice d’un certain changement de paradigme.
The Responsibility of University Managers when Conducting Performance-oriented Reforms
Authors: Masou Roula
Published: November 2018

Résumé La responsabilité des gestionnaires d’université dans la conduite de réformes axées sur la performance – La majorité des recherches académiques concernant les réformes managériales axées sur la performance se concentrent sur les aspects budgétaires de ces réformes. Cependant, l’un des aspects importants de ces dernières est la façon dont elles sont perçues par les personnes concernées. Il est encore peu étudié. Cet article traite de la responsabilité des gestionnaires d’universités dans la conduite des réformes visant à introduire plus d’autonomie et de performance au sein des établissements français d’enseignement supérieur. Il montre que la mise en œuvre de ces réformes induit pour les personnes en charge de la direction et de la gestion des universités une forme de responsabilité concernant la manière de communiquer les objectifs des dites réformes et, en conséquence, la capacité des universités à assurer leur acceptation parmi les agents concernés (universitaires, encadrement et personnel administratif d’exécution) et la mobilisation en faveur des objectifs poursuivis.
« Physique de la pensée » et « anti-humanisme théorique » : le « Spinoza » de Zourabichvili face à celui d’Althusser
Authors: Chappé Raphaël
Published: November 2018

L’objet de cet article est de comparer deux approches de Spinoza mises en place par les philosophes français Louis Althusser et François Zourabichvili. Malgré les écarts substantiels entre ces approches, il existe entre elles des convergences significatives. Celles-ci tiennent d’une part à la lecture anti-humaniste de Spinoza par ces deux philosophes, c’est-à-dire au refus de poser un sujet maître et auteur de ses pensées et de ses actes, concept premier pour forger une essence normative de l’homme. Il y a d’autre part convergence entre ces deux philosophes en raison de leur conception de la vie psychique : une conception spinoziste, voire une conception qui prolonge le spinozisme. La philosophie française – Canguilhem après Politzer – a formulé un ensemble de reproches à l’encontre de la psychologie. Or Spinoza fournit, dans une démarche actualisante, des outils critiques contre toutes les formes de précipitation psychologique. Et en même temps, il indique, de l’intérieur de la philosophie, une voie permettant de cerner la vie psychique dans son mouvement propre. Il ne s’agit donc pas d’un réductionnisme : les phénomènes psychiques ont une existence spécifique, une teneur qui les fait résister à un enrégimentement trop rapide sous la juridiction d’une cause externe et hétérogène. Zourabichvili et Althusser réinvestissent alors – chacun à sa façon – l’articulation spinozienne entre contestation des prérogatives du sujet moderne et identification d’un domaine psychique irréductible.
Leibniz et les questions de l’ontologie juridique : la science, les règles et le concept du droit
Authors: Paksy Mate
Published: November 2018

L’originalité de l’ontologie leibnizienne réside dans le fait que sa philosophie du droit constitue une grande synthèse philosophique des juristes humanistes. Quant à la question de la place de la « science juridique » chez Leibniz, elle se trouve en réalité à tous les niveaux de son édifice métaphysique : l’omniprésence non seulement de références au droit et à la justice, mais aussi d’arguments d’ordre normatif est évidente. Chez Leibniz, la science juridique ne constitue pas un domaine autonome par rapport aux autres disciplines des sciences humaines, et il serait par conséquent vain d’essayer de dégager des lignes de démarcation strictes. Par son objet – l’ordre des règles « vérités » –, la science juridique s’inscrit parfaitement dans l’idée selon laquelle l’objet de la démonstration scientifique est la vérité. En vertu de cette doctrine, Leibniz identifie les éléments du système juridique existant comme droit positif et droit naturel, comme vérités contingentes (ou historiques) et vérités éternelles. Nous pensons que cette théorie de la norme juridique présente les caractéristiques d’une ontologie « hylétique ». Le droit naturel se veut un ensemble de vérités jugées « nécessaires », mais dépourvues de force obligatoire, contrairement à l’ontologie volontariste où les règles de droit équivalent aux commandements d’un souverain hiérarchiquement supérieur. Le critère de la normativité réside dans la rationalité ; les règles juridiques ne sont ni « valides » ni « obligatoires », mais plutôt « nécessaires » et « vraies ». Un des défis les plus intéressants pour les études juridiques leibniziennes consiste à démontrer l’harmonie entre le système juridique rationnel et le cas perplexe irrationnel.
Le non-droit, l’état d’exception et l’incertitude juridique comme outils de domination politique
Authors: Goupy Marie
Published: November 2018

Cet article se propose de rapprocher deux notions venues prendre une place non négligeable dans les réflexions contemporaines portant sur le droit : celle de « non-droit », construite pour penser la nature spécifique du « droit nazi », et celle d’« état d’exception », qui se voit désormais souvent associée à l’idée d’anomie juridique. Par cette confrontation, nous nous proposons de prolonger les réflexions notamment ouvertes par le concept même de non-droit : celles qui visent à penser la possibilité d’un « droit monstrueux » en des termes non pas substantiels, mais bien fonctionnels. En retour, ce nouvel éclairage nous permettra de penser les discontinuités entre un « état d’exception » et un « état de non-droit ».
A Comparison Between Australia and Chile of Factors Facing Women Engineers and ICT Professionals in Their Careers
Authors: Aranda Andrea Soledad Díaz , Jerrard Marjorie A.
Published: November 2018

Is this a man's world? Surprisingly the 21st century is still struggling with gender discrimination issues in many countries and in many professions. This chapter presents an analysis of the situation facing women professionals working in a developed country, Australia, and in a developing country, Chile, in the engineering/ICT sectors. The approach taken emphasizes the continued existence of inequality in these male-dominated professions based on existing research that shows what continues to be an underrepresentation of women in engineering/ICT. It is expected that the overview of this significant problem of underrepresentation will identify a number of factors at play here and that solutions to the problem will be similar in different countries.
The Prospect of Post-Adoption Satisfaction and the Digital Gender Divide
Authors: Adjin Daniel , Muat Hannah
Published: November 2018

The discussion on the digital gender divide is often focused on the women who are yet to adopt ICT. The focus on women who adopt and reject ICT is rare. Women who adopt and reject ICT also account for women who do not access ICT. They often reject ICT because they are unsatisfied with the ICT technology or service adopted. To shed light on this discussion, a small scaled deductive exploratory research was conducted to understand the role of post-adoption satisfaction on the adoption of functionalities provided via mobile Facebook. The theoretical approach was the expectation and confirmation theory. The outcome indicated that post-adoption satisfaction did affect how much of the functionalities on mobile Facebook the female respondents were interested in exploring. Based on this outcome, this chapter presents a postulation in the form of a discussion to indicate that post-adoption satisfaction could be one of the reasons for the global digital gender divide.
Understanding the Reasons for Gender Difference in Online Information Processing of Consumers
Authors: Tanrikulu Ceyda
Published: November 2018

This chapter aims to provide proposals about understanding the gender difference in online information processing that have been developed based on the theories and the findings of the current research. Major findings in the literature indicate the gender difference in online information processing. This chapter can be used to help gain insight about the online consumer behavior based on gender approach by presenting theoretical perspective, providing basis for future research, enrich the understanding about gender differences in online information processing, and to give suggestion for implications requiring strategic decisions.
How Are Innovation, Growth, and HCIF Affected by Natural Resources?
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Mohammad Amir
Published: November 2018

This chapter demystifies in detail the transmission mechanisms of how the natural resource industry (NRI) harms the growth and innovation in human capital-intensive firms (HCIF). Two important phenomena were studied qualitatively: rent seeking (RS) and Dutch disease (DD) which result from the abundance of natural resources (NR). RS pushes down the return of production and DD results in uncompetitive production. The empirical results for a cross-section of 81 countries show a significant evidence that with recent data, oil rent hinders human capital as a proxy for innovation. Meanwhile, the indicators of resource governance show a significant and positive impact on human capital accumulation. A growing amount of literature focuses on growth and human capital, while this chapter emphasizes HCIF and innovation, elaborating the transmission mechanisms of underperforming economic growth through the hindrance of innovation in the firms and awkwardness of HC.
Knowledge Inflows and Knowledge Creation Capabilities Among MNC Subsidiaries in Malaysia
Authors: Subramaniam Vijayalakchimi , Chelliah Shankar
Published: November 2018

In a volatile business environment and a global landscape, knowledge creation capability plays an important role in ensuring that MNC subsidiaries stay competitive. In this respect, knowledge inflows from different parts of the MNC knowledge network are vital to a subsidiary's capability to create new knowledge. Briefly, knowledge creation capability refers to the successful implementation of creative ideas within an organization. However, innovation-based competitiveness always starts with creativity that is rooted in individual workers in an organization. The human capital of the organization, therefore, is considered to be one of the main sources of knowledge-based competitive advantage. Therefore, besides knowledge inflows from the MNC network, subsidiaries also need human capital to allow for knowledge flows to be utilized creatively in order to remain competitive.
Data Mining for Social Network Analysis Using a CLIQUE Algorithm
Authors: Vo Phu Ngoc , Ngoc Tran Vo Thi
Published: November 2018

Many different areas of computer science have been developed for many years in the world. Data mining is one of the fields which many algorithms, methods, and models have been built and applied to many commercial applications and research successfully. Many social networks have been invested and developed in the strongest way for the recent years in the world because they have had many big benefits as follows: they have been used by lots of users in the world and they have been applied to many business fields successfully. Thus, a lot of different techniques for the social networks have been generated. Unsurprisingly, the social network analysis is crucial at the present time in the world. To support this process, in this book chapter we have presented many simple concepts about data mining and social networking. In addition, we have also displayed a novel model of the data mining for the social network analysis using a CLIQUE algorithm successfully.
Study of Efficient Hybrid Wireless Networks Using QoS-Oriented Distributed Routing Protocol
Authors: Murugan Suriya , Anandakumar H.
Published: November 2018

Hybrid networks are next generation of wireless networks that are increasingly used in wireless communications that highly support real time transmission with a limited quality of service. The study proves that existing systems use QoS-oriented distributed routing protocols to enhance the QoS support capability of hybrid networks and it transforms the packet routing problem to a resource scheduling problem which has five algorithms. They are (1) QoS-guaranteed neighbor election algorithm, (2) distributed packet scheduling algorithm, (3) mobility-based segment resizing algorithm, (4) traffic redundant elimination algorithm, and (5) data redundancy elimination-based transmission algorithm. To increase the performance of hybrid networks in a real mobility model, this chapter analyses and devises a method to authenticate data streams for transmission. Data transparent authentication without communication overhead is an approach which reduces breakdown of original data or sends out-of-band authentication information.
Application of Cognitive Computing in Healthcare
Authors: K. R. Sabarmathi , R. Leelavathi
Published: November 2018

Cognitive systems mimic the functions of the human brain and improves decision-making to harness the power of big data in multiple application areas. It generates a model that reacts by sensing, understanding natural language, and providing a response to stimulus naturally rather than traditional programmable systems. Cognitive computing is trained to process large unstructured datasets imposing machine learning techniques to adapt to different context and derive value from big data. Using a custom chat box or search assistant to interact with human in natural language which can understand queries and explains data insights. This chapter also touches on the challenges of cognitive computing to demonstrate insights that are similar to those of humans.
Innovation, Programmable Media and the Human Computer Interface
Authors: Gibbs William J.
Published: November 2018

In this article, the author examines fundamental principles or characteristics (e.g., programmability, modularity, variability) of digital media that make much of today's digital innovations possible. These precepts offer context for understanding the rapid and pervasive innovation currently taking place in society and, more specifically, how this innovation impacts trends in human computer interfaces. A focus of the article will be news-orientated interfaces. This article contrasts traditional informational sources such as newspapers and television news with digital interfaces. Finally, this article makes several observations regarding technology innovation that have bearing on the interaction experience of news consumers. This article categorized these observations broadly as rapid innovation, interaction, social interaction, scale, convergence, and Internet of Things and data.
Paraphernalias of Entrepreneurship – A Contemplating Outlook
Authors: Raghunath K. Madhu Kishore , Patro Chandra Sekhar , Sirisha K.
Published: November 2018

Entrepreneurship is the impetus for development of any nation. Entrepreneurship has been the modern way of the industrialisation process which revolutionised the present day of living. In today's world, entrepreneurship has become an act of inspiration which eventually has had a compounding effect on society, and nations as a whole, benefiting mankind. The world is going through a new phase where people no longer just depend on industries to thrive, but come up with an idea reinventing themselves, eventually establishing a start-up. The act of reinventing oneself is nothing but an act of entrepreneurship which is believed to all businesses. The present article deals with ubiquitous issues ranging from entrepreneurial outlook in India and globally, factors influencing entrepreneurship, Global scenario of ease of doing business and many more issues which needs to be prioritised to set the pace for entrepreneurship to flourish.
Systems Usability in Developing Countries
Authors: Dawson Maurice , Walker Damon , Cleveland Simon
Published: November 2018

This article critically analyzes a project executed for the John Ogonowski and Doug Bereuter Farmer-to-Farmer Program which provides technical assistance with volunteers from the United States to farmers, agricultural institutions, and government organizations involved in agriculture such as the Ministry of Agriculture. In Guinea, the focus is on computer literacy as more sectors of agriculture rely on computing technology. These skills range from basic computing tasks such as creating databases to more advanced items such as programming global positional systems. This study looks at findings, based on the analysis of the system usability scale results from a sample of 16 participants. The findings demonstrated that the training proved to be effective for the participants and continued training is necessary. As a result of training, 62.5% of the participants ranked above average, as opposed to 43.6% prior to training.
Knowledge Portals
Authors: Wimmer Hayden , Du Jie , Rada Roy
Published: November 2018

Knowledge portals are a method to provide integrated access to users of multiple systems through a single-entry point. A large body of literature exists on knowledge portals; however, the only published literature reviews are outdated, as they only cover material prior to the 21st century. The purpose of this article is to present review on some major papers about knowledge portals that were published from 2000-2017. The review takes a holistic perspective based on systems development life cycle to critique the literature and identifies key challenges that enlighten future directions. Trends in the first decade of the 21st century include the desire to formalize and standardize a model of knowledge portals, while major challenges for the future include the need to maintain cybersecurity across users and platforms.
Internal and Consulting Information Flows in the Process of Knowledge Accumulation
Authors: Acar Wiliam , al-Gharaibeh Rami
Published: November 2018

Practical applications of knowledge management are hindered by a lack of linkage between the accepted data-information-knowledge hierarchy with using pragmatic approaches. Specifically, the authors seek to clarify the use of the tacit-explicit dichotomy with a deductive synthesis of complementary concepts. The authors review appropriate segments of the KM/OL literature with an emphasis on the SECI model of Nonaka and Takeuchi. Looking beyond equating the sharing of knowledge with mere socialization, the authors deduce from more recent developments a knowledge creation, nurturing and control framework. Based on a cyclic and upward-spiraling data-information-knowledge structure, the authors' proposed model affords top managers and their consultants opportunities for capturing, debating and storing richer information – as well as monitoring their progress and controlling their learning process.
Pursuing Innovation Through Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Teixeira Eduardo Kunzel , Oliveira Mirian , Curado Carla Maria Marques
Published: November 2018

The present study investigates the relationship between knowledge sharing (knowledge donation and knowledge collection dimensions) with organizational innovation (Administrative and technological innovation forms) in Brazilian and Portuguese organizations. The hypotheses were tested using the partial least squares (PLS) approach. Knowledge donation was shown to be positively related with administrative innovation among Portuguese companies, but not among Brazilian companies. Knowledge donation was shown to be positively related with technical innovation among both Brazilian and Portuguese companies. Knowledge collection was shown to have no relationship with either of the two types of innovation in the two investigated countries. As a practical implication, companies that work in multiple locations need to customize their sharing processes considering differences in national culture. Other studies have made use of the two-dimensional concept of knowledge sharing, but view its relationship with a one-dimensional construct of innovation and without comparing contexts.
Mapping Methodological Issues in Knowledge Management Research, 2009–2014
Authors: Ngulube Patrick
Published: November 2018

By drawing on the nuances in methodological research literature, this qualitative content analysis study investigated the research procedures employed in knowledge management (KM) research between 2009 and 2014, to gain an understanding of the methodological choices made by KM researchers. In total, 989 articles published in five leading KM-centric journals were reviewed. The results revealed that KM research utilised a variety of research procedures. The predominance of positivist epistemologies varied across the five journals, but mixed methods research was not prevalent. True to the interpretivist presuppositions of this study, these results are not definitive. Deploying multi-methods may result in a deeper understanding of the use of research procedures in the field. The value of this study lies in the fact that it will lead to greater knowledge of research methodologies in the subject field and provide a baseline for future studies that have an interest in reflecting on context-specific methodological practices.
Noshape
Authors: Abbas Hosny , Shaheen Samir
Published: November 2018

This article presents a bio-inspired paradigm for metaphorically modeling agent organizations as adaptive virtual amoebas for the development of large-scale complex multi-agent systems. The presented model is called Noshape inspired from the amoeba, which is a unicellular micro-organism that does not have a definite shape. This article aims to test the performance of Noshape MAS with applications contain higher numbers of agents up to 8000 agents; this number of agents is very huge compared to the current state of the practice of MAS. The performance evaluation results show that Noshape MAS have better long-term performance in terms of service response time compared to present organizational approaches (i.e., federation). In Noshape MAS, the response times of remote agents' interactions will seem to be as those of local interactions thanks to the transparently provided dynamic adaptation behavior which arises from the dynamic overlapping of agent organizations. Further research is recommended to give the focus to performance, resiliency, security, and agent mobility within Noshape MAS.
A Framework of Enhanced Performance
Authors: Siddike Md. Abul Kalam , Spohrer Jim , Demirkan Haluk , Kohda Youji
Published: November 2018

While cognitive computing-enabled smart computers are growing in people's daily lives, there are not many studies that explain how people interact and utilize these solutions, and the impact of these smart machines to people's performance to do things. In this article, a theoretical framework for boosting people's performance using cognitive assistants (CAs) was developed and explained using the data analysis from 32 interviews. The results show that people interaction with CAs enhance their levels of cognition and intelligence that help them to enhance their capabilities. Enhanced capabilities help people to enhance their performance.
Learning Entrepreneurship in Higher Education Through Flow Theory and FLIGBY Game
Authors: Almeida Fernando , Buzády Zoltán
Published: November 2018

This article performs an exploratory study of the potential of flow theory and FLIGBY game to contribute to develop entrepreneurship competencies among higher education students. For this purpose, this study considers the use of a focus group consisting of eight students enrolled in the entrepreneurship course in a higher educational institution in Portugal, in which students for two months explored FLIGBY. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that FLIGBY was also suitable to be explored in the context of entrepreneurship classes. Students emphasized the potential of the game to be applied for training of management skills, the recognition of their leadership skills, and the exploration of new approaches to the management challenges. Finally, it should be noted that the benefits offered by FLIGBY were experienced differently by students with professional experience in IT and management fields. Those students emphasized the application of the game to the real world and the potential offered for FLIGBY for allowing students to explore new skills and actions.
Analyzing the Influential Factors of Older Worker's Job Training Participation
Authors: Cho Sung-Eun , Lee Young-Min
Published: November 2018

This study explores determinants of middle-aged workers' participation in job training and provides implications to vitalizing middle-aged workers' participation in job training, using logistic regression analysis of Korea Labor Institute (KLIPS) data. As a result, among individual characteristics of older workers, residence in the metropolitan area, family relationship satisfaction, and household status have a significant effect on participation in job training. Regarding job and individual work characteristics, current work experience has a positive relationship. While for corporate characteristics, presence of unions and availability of statutory severance pay have a significant effect on participation in job training. Consequently, this study provides implications for vitalizing the older workers' participation in job training.
The Accra Confession as a response to empire
Authors: Pillay Jerry
Published: November 2018

The Accra Confession was formulated and adopted by the World Alliance of Reformed Churches in Accra, Ghana, in 2004. This article traces the historical development of the Accra Confession and its continued impact on the present. It aims to show the confession as a Reformed response to ‘empire’. The article explores the content, debates and challenges the Accra Confession offers to the notion of empire.
Factors that influence employee perceptions about performance management at Statistics South Africa
Authors: Sachane Maria , Bezuidenhout Adele , Botha Chris
Published: November 2018

Orientation: The implementation of performance management (PM) in the public sector remains a challenge and requires an investigation into employees’ perception of PM at Statistics South Africa.Research purpose: This study investigates the factors that affect employee performance at Statistics South Africa with the aim of providing a management framework for improving the performance of employees.Motivation for the study: The motivation for this study was to identify factors that affect employees’ perception of PM at Statistics South Africa. By ascertaining these factors, it may be possible to influence the performance of employees positively.Research approach/design and method: The study followed a quantitative research approach using an explorative and descriptive design. The population consisted of 3326 employees. The random sample drawn contained 444 respondents, and the realised sample had 303 respondents. This represented a response rate of 68%. Data were collected through a Likert-scale-type questionnaire.Main findings: The results showed that employees perceived PM as ineffective and unfair. Various factors affecting PM at Statistics South Africa negatively were revealed. The analysis of the research identified the following performance factors: communication, talent management, retention, recruitment and selection, engagement and motivation.Practical/managerial implications: The findings revealed that employees were not involved in the development and the implementation of PM. Managers and supervisors who are not committed to the PM of their subordinates avoid performance contracting and the conducting of performance reviews. Managers should be encouraged to give feedback to employees and to see PM as a development tool, rather than a compliance matter.Contribution/value-add: The research study contributes to the understanding of the perception of employees of Statistics South Africa regarding the factors that positively or negatively affect the PM process.
The Impact of Cultural Intelligence on Social Skills among University Students
Authors: KOÇ Kenan , TURAN Mehmet Behzat
Published: November 2018

This study aims to examine the impact of cultural intelligence on social skills among the students of the School of Physical Education and Sports. The research population consists of randomly selected 377 students. As data collection tools, the study uses Cultural Intelligence Scale, Social Skills Inventory and "Personal Information Form". The data obtained through the Personal Information Form, Cultural Intelligence Scale and Social Skills Inventory was statistically analyzed using SPSS 20.0 package program. The information about and inventory total scores of the candidates and factor points were presented by finding frequency (f) and percentage (%) values. Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient analysis (r) was performed to indicate the relationship between the points obtained from the scales while multiple regression analysis was performed to identify whether the points are predictor of each other. (β)

In the study, we found positive significant relationships between cultural intelligence dimensions -cognitive, metacognitive, motivational and behavioural skills- and social skills dimensions -emotional expressivity, emotional sensitivity, emotional control, social expressivity, social sensitivity and social control. An examination of the prediction of social skills by cultural intelligence reveals that cognitive, metacognitive, motivational and behavioural dimensions are predictor of social skills, and students’ social skills improve with the increase in their cultural intelligence level.

Consequently, the significance of cultural intelligence and social skills is increasingly growing for maintaining successful, healthy and peaceful relationships between people. Individuals with higher cultural intelligence and sociability are expected to be more active in the education system while having a high level of willingness in learning activities. Particularly in the universities where various cultures coexist, students who can establish social relationships with their friends and professors will be more successful and enthusiastic about accepting positions to participate in international activities. The development of cultural intelligence and social skills will naturally improve students in social and cultural aspects, thus contributing to form the basis of a healthier world. For these reasons, it will be useful to provide training that enhance social skills in educational and training settings and carry out activities that increase interaction with other cultures such as student exchange programs and overseas educational tours in order to enhance cultural intelligence level.
An Alanine-Rich Peptide Attenuates Quorum Sensing-Regulated Virulence and Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Al Akeel Raid , Mateen Ayesha , Syed Rabbani
Published: November 2018

Background: Alanine-rich proteins/peptides (ARP), with bioactivity of up to 20 amino acid residues, can be observed by the body easily during gastrointestinal digestion. Objective: Populus trichocarpa extract’s capability to attenuate quorum sensing-regulated virulence and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus is described. Methods: PT13, an ARP obtained from P. trichocarpa, was tested for its activity against S. aureus using the broth microdilution test; a crystal-violet biofilm assay was performed under a scanning electron microscope. The production of various virulence factors was estimated with PT13 treatment. Microarray gene expression profiling of PT13-treated S. aureus was conducted and compared with an untreated control. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) was estimated to observe the PT13 inhibition activity. Results: PT13 was antimicrobial toward S. aureus at different concentrations and showed a similar growth rate in the presence and absence of PT13 at concentrations ≤8 μg/mL. Biofilm production was interrupted even at low concentrations, and biofilm-related genes were down-regulated when exposed to PT13. The genes encoding cell adhesion and bacterial attachment protein were the major genes suppressed by PT13. In addition, hemolysins, clumping activity, and EPS production of S. aureus decreased after treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusions: A long-chain PT13 with effective actions that, even at low concentration levels, not only regulated the gene expression in the producer organism but also blocked the virulence gene expression in this Gram-positive human pathogen is described. Highlights: We identified a PT13 as a potential antivirulence agent that regulated production of bacterial virulence determinants (e.g., toxins, enzymes and biofilm), downwards and it may be a promising anti-virulence agent to be further developed as an anti-infective agent.
Optogenetic Modulation and Reprogramming of Bacteriorhodopsin‐Transfected Human Fibroblasts on Self‐Assembled Fullerene C60 Nanosheets
Authors: Luo Pei‐Wen , Han Hao‐Wei , Yang Chii‐Shen , Shrestha Lok Kumar , Ariga Katsuhiko , Hsu Shan‐hui
Published: November 2018

Fullerenes have unique biocompatibility and photoelectric properties and are candidate materials for biomedical applications. Several cell membrane proteins in nature such as bacteriorhodopsin also have photoelectric properties. Highly expressible bacteriorhodopsin (HEBR) is a novel light‐sensitive opsin that has the potential to trigger neural activities through optogenetic modulation. Here, HEBR plasmids are delivered to human fibroblasts and the cells are exposed to C60 fullerene self‐assembled 2D nanosheets. Results show that the above approach combined with light stimulation (3 s duration and three times per day) may promote reprogramming and differentiation of human fibroblasts into neural‐like cells in 7 d without any neural induction medium. The special photoelectric properties of fullerenes as culture substrates and transfected HEBR on the cell membrane may provide a new optogenetic platform for regulating the location (C60 nanosheet) and time (frequency of light illumination) for human fibroblasts to become neural‐like cells, and may be applied to improve neural regeneration in the future.
Label‐Free Bioanalysis Based on Low‐Q Whispering Gallery Modes: Rapid Preparation of Microsensors by Means of Layer‐by‐Layer Technology
Authors: Olszyna Mateusz , Debrassi Aline , Üzüm Cagri , Dähne Lars
Published: November 2018

Low‐Q‐whispering gallery modes (low‐Q‐WGM) can be used for label‐free detection of interactions between biomolecules, measuring their binding and release kinetics or for analysis of changes in the medium in real‐time. The main advantage of the low‐Q‐WGM approach over other label‐free methods is the possibility of measurements in small cavities as the method uses microparticles down to 6 µm as sensors. Commercially available dye‐doped microparticles that are used as low‐Q‐WGM sensors exhibit several drawbacks. Therefore, alternative particle types are developed and optimized as low‐Q‐WGM sensors. First, dye‐doped particles made of different materials are screened. The most critical parameter for WGM performance is the refractive index (RI) of sensor particles. Furthermore, surface roughness of particles, determined by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, affects their performance as WGM microsensors. In the second test, fluorescent dyes immobilized on nonfluorescent particles by means of nanometer thick layer‐by‐layer (LbL) films are shown to generate a strong WGM signal. The LbL‐coated particles show remarkably less background fluorescence than dye‐doped particles and are easier to prepare. Finally, this article proposes rapid preparation methods for WGM microparticle sensors based on various parameters such as material type, RI, surface roughness, and number of coated polymer layers.
Hydrosilane‐Promoted Facile Deprotection of tert‐Butyl Groups in Esters, Ethers, Carbonates, and Carbamates
Authors: Ikeda Takuya , Zhang Zhenzhong , Motoyama Yukihiro
Published: November 2018

Combination of PdCl2 with 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane in the presence of activated carbon was found to be an effective catalyst system for the cleavage reaction of C−O bond of O−t‐Bu moieties. The present catalytic reaction offers a practical method for the deprotection of tert‐butyl esters, tert‐butyl ethers, O‐Boc, and N‐Boc derivatives under mild conditions. The addition of activated carbon in the reaction mixture was proved to be crucial for not only sustaining the catalytic activity but also trapping the palladium species after the reaction.

magnified image
Work and heat integration—A new field in process synthesis and process systems engineering
Authors: Yu Haoshui , Fu Chao , Vikse Matias , Gundersen Truls
Published: November 2018

The extension from heat integration and design of heat exchanger networks (HENs) to including heating, cooling, and power effects from pressure changing equipment has been referred to as work and heat integration and design of work and heat exchange networks (WHENs). This is an emerging research area in Process Synthesis and Process Systems Engineering, and WHENs represent a considerably more complex design task than HENs. A key challenge is the fact that temperature changes and pressure changes of process streams are interacting. Changes in inlet temperature to compressors and expanders resulting from heat integration will influence work consumption and production. Likewise, pressure changes by compression and expansion will change the temperatures of process streams, thus affecting heat integration. The state‐of‐the‐art of this new research area including insight, methodologies, tools, opportunities, challenges, and literature is presented. Key aspects are illustrated by simple examples, whereas smaller case studies indicate potentials for industrial applications. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: e16477 2019
Fluoride‐Controlled Molecular Brake Systems
Authors: Han Senkai , Wu Yingying , Duan Ran , Jiang Hua , Wang Ying
Published: November 2018

The approaches towards molecular brakes reported to date are not diversified enough. Fluoride is a unique species because it is an anion but can also act as a base. Herein a new strategy utilizing fluoride anions is reported to regulate the rotation of a kind of phenol‐succinimide‐based molecular rotors, in which braking of the rotors was achieved by using fluorides to deprotonate the molecules to introduce an intramolecular electrostatic repulsion. Subsequent addition of lithium cations defunctionalized the fluoride anions, thus enabling the rotors to rotate fast again. By using cyclic fluoride‐then‐lithium mediation, transformation between the “brake‐on” and the “brake‐off” state of the rotors could be achieved in a highly reversible manner. The stimuli group is superior to regular acid/base in speed regulation of the rotors due to its higher efficiency and predictability of the usage.
Classes of Exactly Solvable Generalized Semi‐Classical Rabi Systems
Authors: Grimaudo Roberto , Magalhães de Castro Antonio Sérgio , Nakazato Hiromichi , Messina Antonino
Published: November 2018

The exact quantum dynamics of a single spin‐1/2 in a generic time‐dependent classical magnetic field are investigated and compared with the quantum motion of a spin‐1/2 studied by Rabi and Schwinger. The possibility of regarding the scenario studied here as a generalization of that considered by Rabi and Schwinger is discussed and the notion of a time‐dependent resonance condition is introduced and carefully legitimated and analyzed. Several examples help to disclose analogies and departures of the quantum motion induced in a generalized Rabi system with respect to that exhibited by the spin‐1/2 in a magnetic field precessing around the z‐axis. It is found that, under a generalized resonance condition, the time evolution of the transition probability between the two eigenstates of may be dominated by a regime of distorted oscillations, or may even exhibit a monotonic behavior. At the same time, the authors succeed in predicting asymptotic behaviors with no oscillations in the time‐dependence of under general conditions. New scenarios of experimental interest originating a Landau–Zener transition are brought to light.
Decarboxylative ipso Amination of Activated Benzoic Acids
Authors: Pichette Drapeau Martin , Bahri Janet , Lichte Dominik , Gooßen Lukas J.
Published: November 2018

In the presence of a bimetallic Pd/Cu system with 1,10‐phenanthroline as the ligand and either air or N‐methylmorpholine N‐oxide as the oxidant, electron‐deficient benzoic acids undergo oxidative decarboxylative coupling with unprotected amines. This operationally simple aniline synthesis is widely applicable with respect to the amine and gives good yields, even on multigram scale. The orthogonality of this reaction to other Pd‐catalyzed cross‐couplings allows the concise synthesis of multisubstituted arenes by sequential C−C, C−Cl, and C−N functionalizations. Mechanistic investigations suggest the intermediacy of a hypervalent Pd species.
Adamantane‐Substituted Acridine Donor for Blue Dual Fluorescence and Efficient Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Li Wei , Cai Xinyi , Li Binbin , Gan Lin , He Yanmei , Liu Kunkun , Chen Dongcheng , Wu Yuan‐Chun , Su Shi‐Jian
Published: November 2018

To date, blue dual fluorescence emission (DFE) has not been realized because of the limited choice of chemical moieties and severe geometric deformation of the DFE emitters leading to strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) with a large Stokes shift in excited states. Herein, an emitter (1′r,5′R,7′S)‐10‐(4‐(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)phenyl)‐10H‐spiro [acridine‐9,2′‐adamantane] (a‐DMAc‐TRZ) containing a novel adamantane‐substituted acridine donor is reported, which exhibits unusual blue DFE. The introduction of the rigid and bulky adamantane moiety not only suppressed the geometry relaxation in excited state, but also induced the formation of quasi‐axial conformer (QAC) and quasi‐equatorial conformer (QEC) geometries, leading to deep‐blue conventional fluorescence and sky‐blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The resulting organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of about 29 %, which is the highest reported for OLEDs based on dual‐conformation emitters.
Hexapole [9]Helicene
Authors: Wang Yonggen , Yin Zhibo , Zhu Yanpeng , Gu Jiajian , Li Yang , Wang Jiaobing
Published: November 2018

Herein we present the first hexapole [9]helicene (H9H). Co‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization of a dinaphthopyrene (DNP) functionalized alkyne provides the hexaaryl benzene precursor 2, which is transformed into H9H via a dehydrocyclization reaction. Formation of each embedded [9]helicene involves forging of a new C−C bond, which stitches together two [4]helicene subunits of the neighboring DNP blades, reminiscent of the initial method Martin developed for the preparation of [9]helicene in the 1960s. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of both 2 and H9H discloses their extremely distorted and crowded structural features. Chiral resolution, optical and electronic properties of H9H are also presented.
Carbon‐iodide bond activation by cyclometalated Pt (II) complexes bearing tricyclohexylphosphine ligand: A comparative kinetic study and theoretical elucidation
Authors: Chamyani Samira , Shahsavari Hamid R. , Abedanzadeh Sedigheh , Golbon Haghighi Mohsen , Shabani Sepideh , Notash Behrouz
Published: November 2018

Cyclometalated Pt (II) complexes [PtMe(C^N)(L)], in which C^N = deprotonated 2,2′‐bipyridine N‐oxide (Obpy), 1, deprotonated 2‐phenylpyridine (ppy), 2, deprotonated benzo [h] quinolone (bzq), 3, and L = tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy3) were prepared and fully characterized. By treatment of 1–3 with excess MeI, the thermodynamically favored Pt (IV) complexes cis‐[PtMe2I(C^N)(PCy3)] (C^N = Obpy, 1a; ppy, 2a; and bzq, 3a) were obtained as the major products in which the incoming methyl and iodine groups adopted cis positions relative to each other. All the complexes were characterized by means of NMR spectroscopy while the absolute configuration of 1a was further determined by X‐ray crystal structure analysis. The reaction of methyl iodide with 1–3 were kinetically explored using UV–vis spectroscopy. On the basis of the kinetic data together with the time‐resolved NMR investigation, it was established that the oxidative addition reaction occurred through the classical SN2 attack of Pt (II) center on the MeI reagent. Moreover, comparative kinetic studies demonstrated that the electronic and steric nature of either the cyclometalating ligands or the phosphine ligand influence the rate of reaction. Surprisingly, by extending the oxidative addition reaction time, very stable iodine‐bridged Pt (IV)‐Pt (IV) complexes [Pt2Me4(C^N)2(μ‐I)2] (C^N = Obpy, 1b; ppy, 2b; and bzq, 3b) were obtained and isolated. In order to find a reasonable explanation for the observation, a DFT (density functional theory) computational analysis was undertaken and it was found that the results were consistent with the experimental findings.