bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical sensor for fast and accurate lung cancer detection with tissue autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Xianbei , Chen Anzhi , U Kaicheng , Zhang Sophia Meixuan , Wang Peihao , Li Zheng , Luo Yi , Cui Yong
Published: November 2024

Background

Cancer is a severe threat to human health, and surgery is a major method of cancer treatment. This study aimed to develop an optical sensor for fast cancer tissue.

Methods

The tissue autofluorescence spectrum and diffuse reflectance spectrum were obtained by using a laboratory‐developed optical sensor system. A total of 151 lung tissue samples were used in this ex vivo study.

Results

Experimental results demonstrate that tissue autofluorescence spectroscopy with a 365‐nm excitation has better performance than diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and 63 of 64 test samples (98.4% accuracy) were correctly classified with tissue autofluorescence spectroscopy and our developed data analysis method.

Conclusions

Our promising ex vivo study results show that the developed optical sensor system has great promise for future clinical translation for intraoperative lung cancer detection and other applications.
A narrative analysis of the justifications and excuses of serious employee fraud offenders
Authors: Andon Paul , Free Clinton
Published: November 2024

Most fraud research in accounting has focused on controls rather than offenders' subjective experience, meaning that our understanding of motive in fraud (defined as linguistic devices employed to justify, interpret, or excuse actions) remains underexplored. This is particularly the case for employee fraud, which has been largely neglected relative to top management fraud or financial statement fraud. To provide a richer understanding of how fraud offenders make sense of their offending, we interviewed 30 serious employee fraud offenders to better investigate their typal vocabularies of motive. We focus on holistic narrative accounts to provide insights into the common justifications and excuses presented by employee fraud offenders. We develop a taxonomy of narrative constructions based on the explanatory locus of the accounts offered by offenders. We identify three common justifications, (1) inconsequentiality motives, (2) permission motives, and (3) unfair treatment motives, and three common excuses, (4) personal crisis motives, (5) addiction motives, and (6) appeasement motives. We draw implications for researching fraud, organizational control, and ethics in accounting education.
Increased white blood cell in young adults with family histories of alcohol and other substance use disorders
Authors: Mithaiwala Mustafa N. , Phillips Nikki S. , Nguyen Dylan H. , Beehler Melanie S. , Ballard Harrison S. , Vincent Andrea S. , Lovallo William R. , Kochunov Peter , Hong L. Elliot , O'Connor Jason C. , Cole Steve , Acheson Ashley
Published: November 2024

Individuals with a family history of alcohol or other substance use disorders (FH+) are at increased risk for developing alcohol and other substance use disorders (AUD/SUD) compared to individuals with no such family histories (FH−). FH+ young adults have blunted stress reactivity, lower cognitive performance and altered frontal white matter microstructure compared to FH− controls. We hypothesized that family history of AUD/SUD disrupts neuroendocrine regulation of the immune system in FH+ individuals, resulting in altered blood immune cell composition, inflammation and neurocognitive alterations that, ultimately, increases risk for AUD/SUD and associated psychopathology. We examined white blood cell (WBC) parameters derived from complete blood counts in FH+ (n = 37) and FH− (n = 77) young adults without AUD/SUD to test if immune system dysregulation is present in FH+ individuals. The total WBC count, number of neutrophils and number of monocytes and associated systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) were significantly increased in the FH+ group. Further, WBC, neutrophil, monocyte counts and SIRI values were all positively correlated with FH density (number of biological parents and grandparents with AUD/SUD). These novel data are the first to identify an association between family history of AUD/SUD and increased circulating leukocytes, which is likely indicative of immune dysregulation in FH+ young adults prior to onset of AUD/SUD. Additional studies are warranted to characterize the functional relevance of the observed immune cell composition in FH+ individuals, but the notion that inexpensive and widely available blood tests may help identify addiction risk could be transformative.
CEO Ability and ESG Responsibility Fulfillment
Authors: Liang Lin , Li Yan
Published: November 2024

Drawing on the upper echelon theory, this paper explores the relationship between CEO ability and ESG responsibility fulfillment. Based on this, it further explores the mediating role of organizational resilience and the moderating role of environmental uncertainty. Using data from Chinese A‐share‐listed manufacturing companies from 2010 to 2020, we find that CEO ability promotes ESG responsibility fulfillment, and organizational resilience mediates this relationship. Furthermore, the promotion effect of CEO ability on ESG responsibility fulfillment through organizational resilience is stronger under high environmental uncertainty. Additionally, the influence of CEO ability on ESG responsibility fulfillment is more pronounced in non‐state‐owned enterprises and low environmental sensitivity industries. Our study opens the “black box” of the mechanism between CEO ability and ESG responsibility fulfillment and provides practical implications for organizations, managers, and policymakers to promote ESG responsibility fulfillment.
An enemy's enemy is an ally: Competitive indirect interactions mediate coexistence of trees, grasses, and subshrubs in neotropical savanna
Authors: Giroldo A. B. , Scariot A. , Ferreira J. B. , Moser P. , Lima I. L. P. , Hoffmann W. A.
Published: November 2024

Savannas are complex ecosystems where multiple growth forms, including grasses, trees, and subshrubs, coexist through intricate ecological interactions. Understanding the mechanisms that promote this coexistence is key to conserving savanna biodiversity. This study investigated the effects of grass competition on the survival and growth of trees and subshrubs, as well as the interactions between these two growth forms. Using three species of trees and three species of subshrubs, we conducted a greenhouse experiment to assess how competition between trees and subshrubs is influenced by the presence of grass. We found that grass competition significantly reduced the survival of tree seedlings, while subshrubs were unaffected. When trees and subshrubs competed directly, subshrub biomass was reduced, but only in the absence of grass. Tree seedling biomass was not affected by subshrubs, but was negatively impacted by grass in the absence of subshrubs. Both root and stem biomass of trees and subshrubs were reduced by grass competition; however, this effect was mitigated when grasses, subshrubs, and trees competed simultaneously. These results indicate that when grasses, subshrubs, and trees compete together, the intensity of competition is reduced, promoting coexistence and contributing to the balance of growth forms in savanna ecosystems. While fire is an important factor in savanna dynamics, our study emphasizes the critical role of competition in maintaining this balance. Future studies should explore how fire and competition interact to further our understanding of biodiversity and ecosystem function in Neotropical savannas.

Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Effects of forest conversion into cashew orchards on seed‐ and fruit‐animal interaction rates in West Africa
Authors: Nhassé Isnaba , Oliveira Raquel , Mone Daniel Na , Soares João , Lopes‐Lima Manuel , Palmeirim Ana Filipa
Published: November 2024

We quantified seed removal and artificial fruit‐animal interaction rates in forests and cashew orchards, in Guinea‐Bissau, to understand whether the effects of land‐use change extend into ecosystem functions. We found higher removal rates of pumpkin seeds in the forests, where rodents were more often involved in the seed removal events.
Current status and future direction of cancer research using artificial intelligence for clinical application
Authors: Hamamoto Ryuji , Komatsu Masaaki , Yamada Masayoshi , Kobayashi Kazuma , Takahashi Masamichi , Miyake Mototaka , Jinnai Shunichi , Koyama Takafumi , Kouno Nobuji , Machino Hidenori , Takahashi Satoshi , Asada Ken , Ueda Naonori , Kaneko Syuzo
Published: November 2024

The expectations for artificial intelligence (AI) technology have increased considerably in recent years, mainly due to the emergence of deep learning. At present, AI technology is being used for various purposes and has brought about change in society. In particular, the rapid development of generative AI technology, exemplified by ChatGPT, has amplified the societal impact of AI. The medical field is no exception, with a wide range of AI technologies being introduced for basic and applied research. Further, AI‐equipped software as a medical device (AI‐SaMD) is also being approved by regulatory bodies. Combined with the advent of big data, data‐driven research utilizing AI is actively pursued. Nevertheless, while AI technology has great potential, it also presents many challenges that require careful consideration. In this review, we introduce the current status of AI‐based cancer research, especially from the perspective of clinical application, and discuss the associated challenges and future directions, with the aim of helping to promote cancer research that utilizes effective AI technology.
Elotuzumab‐mediated ADCC with Th1‐like Vγ9Vδ2 T cells to disrupt myeloma–osteoclast interaction
Authors: Inoue Yusuke , Tenshin Hirofumi , Teramachi Jumpei , Sumitani Ryohei , Oda Asuka , Maeda Yusaku , Oura Masahiro , Sogabe Kimiko , Maruhashi Tomoko , Takahashi Mamiko , Fujii Shiro , Nakamura Shingen , Miki Hirokazu , Hara Tomoyo , Endo Itsuro , Kagawa Kumiko , Ozaki Shuji , Hiasa Masahiro , Harada Takeshi , Abe Masahiro
Published: November 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) cells and osteoclasts (OCs) activate with each other to cause drug resistance. Human Th1‐like Vγ9Vδ2 (γδ) T cells, important effectors against tumors, can be expanded and activated ex vivo by the aminobisphosphonate zoledronic acid in combination with IL‐2. We previously reported that the expanded γδ T cells effectively targeted and killed OCs as well as MM cells. Because the expanded γδ T cells expressed CD16 on their surface, we investigated the utilization of the expanded γδ T cells for antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Although the expanded γδ T cells alone induced cell death in MM cell lines, the addition of the anti‐SLAMF7 monoclonal antibody elotuzumab (ELO) further enhanced their cytotoxic activity only against SLAMF7‐expressing MM cell lines and primary MM cells. Intriguingly, ELO was also able to enhance γδ T cell‐induced cell death against OCs cultured alone, and against both MM cells and OCs in their coculture settings. SLAMF7 was found to be highly expressed in OCs differentiated in vitro from monocytes by receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κ B ligand and M‐CSF, although monocytes only marginally expressed SLAMF7. These results demonstrate that SLAMF7 is highly expressed in both MM cells and OCs, and that the ex vivo‐expanded γδ T cells can exert ELO‐mediated ADCC against SLAMF7‐expressing MM cells and OCs besides their direct cytotoxic activity. Further study is warranted for the innovative utilization of γδ T cells.
Leveraging genome‐wide association studies to better understand the etiology of cancers
Authors: Sonehara Kyuto , Okada Yukinori
Published: November 2024

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) statistically assess the association between tens of millions of genetic variants in the whole genome and a phenotype of interest. Genome‐wide association studies enable the elucidation of polygenic inheritance of cancer, in which myriad low‐penetrance genetic variants collectively contribute to a substantial proportion of the heritable susceptibility. In addition to the robust genotype–phenotype associations provided by GWAS, combining GWAS data with functional genomic datasets or sophisticated statistical genetic methods unlocks deeper insights. Integrating genotype and molecular phenotyping data facilitates functional characterization of GWAS association signals through molecular quantitative trait loci mapping and transcriptome‐wide association studies. Furthermore, aggregating genome‐wide polygenic signals, including subthreshold associations, enables one to estimate genetic correlations across diverse phenotypes and helps in clinical risk predictions by evaluating polygenic risk scores. In this review, we begin by summarizing the rationale for GWAS of cancer, introduce recent methodological updates in the GWAS‐derived downstream analyses, and demonstrate their applications to GWAS of cancers.
Skeletal Phenotype in Mulibrey Nanism, A Monogenic Skeletal Dysplasia With Fibrous Dysplasia
Authors: Karlberg Susann , Toiviainen‐Salo Sanna , Lipsanen‐Nyman Marita , Mäkitie Outi
Published: November 2024

Mulibrey nanism (MUL) is a monogenic growth disorder caused by mutations in TRIM37, with pre‐and postnatal growth failure, typical craniofacial features, perimyocardial heart disease, infertility and predisposition to tumors. Clinically, patients are gracile with relative macrocephaly, thin extremities, and narrow shoulders, but the full spectrum of skeletal features remains unknown. We conducted a cross‐sectional study in order to further clarify the skeletal phenotype. We assessed radiographs of the long bones and spine in 33 MUL patients, aged 4.5–48 years (14 females and 19 males, median age 16.7 years) for skeletal features. Hospital records were reviewed for clinical characteristics and fractures. Results confirmed significant skeletal abnormalities related to MUL. Skeletal changes were present in all patients; long bones were slender and bowed with broad metaphyses and narrow diaphysis, the cortices were thick, and medullary cavities were narrow. The vertebral bodies were tall. Fibrous dysplasia was found in 19/33 patients (58%); changes were monostotic in 58% and polyostotic in 42%. Altogether 17/33 patients (52%) had a history of fractures. This study confirms that in addition to short stature, patients with MUL have a specific skeletal dysplasia. Our findings suggest an important role for TRIM37 in cellular functions governing skeletal modelling and remodelling.
Integrating real‐world data and machine learning: A framework to assess covariate importance in real‐world use of alternative intravenous dosing regimens for atezolizumab
Authors: Vora Bianca , Jindal Ashutosh , Velasquez Erick , Lu James , Wu Benjamin
Published: November 2024

The increase in the availability of real‐world data (RWD), in combination with advances in machine learning (ML) methods, provides a unique opportunity for the integration of the two to explore complex clinical pharmacology questions. Here we present a recently developed RWD/ML framework that utilizes ML algorithms to understand the influence and importance of various covariates on the use of a given dose and schedule for drugs that have multiple approved dosing regimens. To demonstrate the application of this framework, we present atezolizumab as a use case on account of its three approved alternative intravenous (IV) dosing regimens. As expected, the real‐world use of atezolizumab has generally been increasing since 2016 for the 1200 mg every 3 weeks regimen and since 2019 for the 1680 mg every 4 weeks regimen. Out of the ML algorithms evaluated, XGBoost performed the best, as measured by the area under the precision–recall curve, with an emphasis on the under‐sampled class given the imbalance in the data. The importance of features was measured by Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values and showed metastatic breast cancer and use of protein‐bound paclitaxel as the most correlated with the use of 840 mg every 2 weeks. Although patient usage data for alternative IV dosing regimens are still maturing, these analyses provide initial insights on the use of atezolizumab and set up a framework for the re‐analysis of atezolizumab (at a future data cut) as well as application to other molecules with approved alternative dosing regimens.
Effect of selective dorsal rhizotomy on neuromuscular symptoms, muscle morphology, and motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Verreydt Ineke , Hanssen Britta , Molenaers Guy , De Beukelaer Nathalie , Vandekerckhove Ines , Papageorgiou Eirini , Huenaerts Catherine , Ortibus Els , Van Campenhout Anja , Desloovere Kaat
Published: November 2024

Aim

To investigate the effect of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) on an integrated outcome set 1‐year post‐SDR, in a cohort of children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).

Method

Fifteen children with bilateral spastic CP (median age 8 years 8 months [interquartile range 3 years 3 months], 11 males, four females, eight in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level II, seven in GMFCS level III) were measured pre‐ and 1‐year post‐SDR. Clinical scales and goniometry assessed plantar flexor spasticity, range of motion, strength, and selectivity. Spasticity was also quantified via an instrumented assessment. Medial gastrocnemius macroscopic muscle morphology (absolute and normalized muscle belly, tendon and muscle‐tendon unit length, cross‐sectional area, muscle volume) was assessed using ultrasound. Gait profile score, ankle and knee gait variable scores, walking speed, cadence, and step length were extracted from gait analysis. Gross motor function was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure‐66 item set. Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to analyse pre‐ and post‐SDR changes. A reference database was used to qualitatively judge muscle growth post‐SDR with respect to muscle growth of children with spastic CP without SDR intervention.

Results

Significant changes (p < 0.05) were seen for spasticity, selectivity, all absolute morphology parameters, normalized tendon and muscle‐tendon unit length, and all gait parameters, except walking speed and cadence. Muscle growth of children with and without SDR was comparable.

Interpretation

SDR is an effective spasticity reducing treatment and does not adversely affect natural muscle growth in spastic CP.
Integrative transcriptome analysis reveals Serpine2 promotes glomerular mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix accumulation via activating ERK1/2 signalling pathway in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Zheng Ting , Yang Ruhao , Li Xin , Dai Zhe , Xiang Hongyu
Published: November 2024

Background

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the main causes of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), but its mechanism has not been clearly studied. We utilized integrative transcriptome analysis to explore the pathogenesis of DN.

Methods

We conducted an analysis by combining bulk dataset and single‐cell transcriptome dataset. Through this approach, we identified that Serpine2 may regulate the ‘collagen‐containing extracellular matrix’ pathway involved in DN. Subsequently, we established DN animal and cell models using db/db mice and mesangial cells (MCs) to validate the role of Serpine2 in DN. In the animal model, we detected the expression level of Serpine2 in DN using western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence (IF) assays. To further clarify the molecular mechanism of Serpine2 in DN, we knocked down Serpine2 and observed its effects on MCs proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation.

Results

Our single‐cell analysis of DN models highlighted a pivotal role for MCs in the disease's initiation. Next, through Cytoscape analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MCs, we identified the following 10 hub genes: Acta2, Angpt2, Ccn1, Col4a1, Col4a2, Col8a1, Kdr, Thbs1, Tpm4 and Serpine2. Subsequently, we identified that Serpine2 and Kdr were also significantly DEGs in the bulk analysis of glomeruli. Additionally, our integrated gene set enrichment analysis of bulk dataset and single‐cell RNA dataset revealed that the ‘collagen‐containing extracellular matrix’ was a key pathway in DN progression. Serpine2 was one of the crucial genes involved in regulating this pathway. Therefore, we speculated that the regulation of the ‘collagen‐containing extracellular matrix’ pathway by Serpine2 was an important mechanism. Importantly, WB and IF staining confirmed that Serpine2 expression was upregulated in the MCs of diabetic mice. Knockdown of Serpine2 in cultured MCs alleviated high‐glucose‐induced excessive MCs proliferation and ECM accumulation. Finally, we found that ERK agonist Ro 67‐7476 eliminated the effect of Serpine2 siRNA.

Conclusions

In summary, Serpine2 regulates MCs proliferation and ECM synthesis through activation of the ERK1/2 pathway, which is an important pathogenesis mechanism of DN. These findings offer fresh perspectives on the mechanisms of glomerulosclerosis in DN pathogenesis and may provide new targets for treating DN.
Achieving higher standards in species distribution modeling by leveraging the diversity of available software
Authors: Kass Jamie M. , Smith Adam B. , Warren Dan L. , Vignali Sergio , Schmitt Sylvain , Aiello‐Lammens Matthew E. , Arlé Eduardo , Márcia Barbosa Ana , Broennimann Olivier , Cobos Marlon E. , Guéguen Maya , Guisan Antoine , Merow Cory , Naimi Babak , Nobis Michael P. , Ondo Ian , Osorio-Olvera Luis , Owens Hannah L. , Pinilla‐Buitrago Gonzalo E. , Sánchez-Tapia Andrea , Thuiller Wilfried , Valavi Roozbeh , Velazco Santiago José Elías , Zizka Alexander , Zurell Damaris
Published: November 2024

The increasing online availability of biodiversity data and advances in ecological modeling have led to a proliferation of open‐source modeling tools. In particular, R packages for species distribution modeling continue to multiply without guidance on how they can be employed together, resulting in high fidelity of researchers to one or several packages. Here, we assess the wide variety of software for species distribution models (SDMs) and highlight how packages can work together to diversify and expand analyses in each step of a modeling workflow. We also introduce the new R package ‘sdmverse' to catalog metadata for packages, cluster them based on their methodological functions, and visualize their relationships. To demonstrate how pluralism of software use helps improve SDM workflows, we provide three extensive and fully documented analyses that utilize tools for modeling and visualization from multiple packages, then score these tutorials according to recent methodological standards. We end by identifying gaps in the capabilities of current tools and highlighting outstanding challenges in the development of software for SDMs.
Seasonal macro‐demography of North American bird populations revealed through participatory science
Authors: Socolar Jacob , Galtbalt Batbayar , Johnston Alison , La Sorte Frank A. , Robinson Orin J. , Rosenberg Kenneth V. , Dokter Adriaan M.
Published: November 2024

Avian population sizes fluctuate and change over vast spatial scales, but the mechanistic underpinnings remain poorly understood. A key question is whether spatial and annual variation in avian population dynamics is driven primarily by variation in breeding season recruitment or by variation in overwinter survival. We present a method using large‐scale volunteer‐collected data from project eBird to develop species‐specific indices of net population change as proxies for survival and recruitment, based on twice‐annual, rangewide snapshots of relative abundance in spring and fall. We demonstrate the use of these indices by examining spatially explicit annual variation in survival and recruitment in two well‐surveyed nonmigratory North American species, Carolina wren Thryothorus ludovicianus and northern cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis. We show that, while interannual variation in both survival and recruitment is slight for northern cardinal, eBird abundance data reveal strong and geographically coherent signals of interannual variation in the overwinter survival of Carolina wren. As predicted, variation in wintertime survival dominates overall interannual population fluctuations of wrens and is correlated with winter temperature and snowfall in the northeastern United States, but not the southern United States. This study demonstrates the potential of participatory science (also known as citizen science) datasets like eBird for inferring variation in demographic rates and introduces a new complementary approach towards illuminating the macrodemography of North American birds at comprehensive continental extents.
Cerebral cortical encephalitis in adults with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease: A national case series
Authors: Pace Samuel , Messina Silvia , Chen Bo , Tanasescu Radu , Papathanasiou Athanasios , Constantinescu Cris S. , Leite Maria I. , Willis Mark D. , Johnston Janet A. , Palace Jacqueline , Dobson Ruth
Published: November 2024

Background and purpose

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD) is a relatively recently described disease, most commonly presenting with optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. Cerebral cortical encephalitis is a rare manifestation of MOGAD.

Methods

We identified patients presenting with cerebral cortical encephalitis with positive MOG antibodies in serum across a large specialized service. Demographic and clinical information were collected. We describe clinical and laboratory characteristics, treatment response, and subsequent relapse risk in adults presenting with this phenotype.

Results

We identified eight patients meeting clinical criteria for cerebral cortical encephalitis with MOG antibodies. All had seizures; four had focal onset seizures with or without secondary generalization. Two patients exhibited encephalopathy, and six demonstrated focal neurological deficits at presentation. All had fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensities. Five of eight displayed cerebral swelling, and two of eight displayed leptomeningeal enhancement. Where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results were available, five of seven had CSF pleocytosis, protein was raised in two of seven, and one patient had oligoclonal bands unique to CSF. Median time to seizure control was 1.25 months, and all clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities resolved. Four of eight patients (50%) had a clinical relapse, with a median time to relapse of 6.4 months.

Conclusions

Cerebral cortical encephalitis appears to share similar CSF findings, steroid responsiveness, and risk of relapse with other clinical manifestations of MOGAD. This informs treatment decisions and patient counselling.
Intelligent Computing for Crop Monitoring in CIoT: Leveraging AI and Big Data Technologies
Authors: Ahmed Imran , Ahmad Misbah , Ghazouani Haythem , Barhoumi Walid , Jeon Gwanggil
Published: November 2024

Consumer Internet of Things (CIoT) has revolutionised agriculture by integrating intelligent computing, artificial intelligence and big data technologies in crop monitoring. This paper explores the application of intelligent computing and deep learning methodologies in crop monitoring within the CIoT framework. In CIoT‐based crop monitoring, a vision sensor collects real‐time data from crop leaf images. The image dataset is processed using state‐of‐the‐art deep learning models and intelligent computing algorithms. This integration enables the early detection of crop diseases by leveraging computer vision and deep learning. Intelligent computing systems provide accurate disease classification, real‐time alerts, and actionable recommendations for optimised crop management practises. This advanced system empowers farmers to make data‐driven decisions, such as irrigation optimization, targeted pesticide application and nutrient supplementation, to maximise crop productivity and minimise losses. A benchmark dataset of leaf images is used, and a deep learning based model is presented for classifying healthy and diseased leaves. Experimental results demonstrate an accuracy rate of 0.98, with detailed validation, including dataset size and model parameters. Key benefits of intelligent computing in CIoT‐based crop monitoring include enhanced resource efficiency, reduced environmental impact, and improved sustainability. The paper also addresses the challenges of implementing AI and big data technologies, such as data privacy, security, interoperability and resource management in agricultural settings.
Analysis of Different Modality of Data to Diagnose Parkinson's Disease Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches: A Review
Authors: Arnab Sheikh Bahauddin , Palash Md Istakiak Adnan , Islam Rakibul , Ovi Hemal Hossain , Yousuf Mohammad Abu , Uddin Md Zia
Published: November 2024

The dynamic nature of Parkinson's disease (PD) is that it gradually impacts regions of the brain that are responsible for the production of the dopamine hormone. Despite continuous efforts, no effective treatment or preventative approach exists for PD. Nonetheless, the disease can be detected. Our goal is to create a Machine Learning and Deep Learning‐based system that can detect Parkinson's disease from a variety of data sources with high accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and interpretability. However, there have been significant advancements in the field of research, especially the use of artificial intelligence in the Parkinson's disease diagnostic process. We reviewed articles that were released between 2018 and 2024, concentrating on the most current studies that had been published. We chose 70 research articles for our review paper based on a set of criteria from a variety of online databases, including IEEExpress, medical databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate and ScienceDirect, and various publishers, including Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, Springer, MDPI, Plos One and so forth. According to our review, the majority of works make use of voice data. Our review study found that the highest accuracy level of most papers was above 90%, and the most commonly used algorithms were CNN and SVM. The main goal of this review study is to look into and put together information about the different ways that artificial intelligence, especially Machine Learning, can be used to find Parkinson's disease. Using diverse data gathered from multiple public and private datasets, we can infer that the application of artificial intelligence, particularly Machine Learning algorithms, for identifying Parkinson's disease plays a crucial role in the medical field.
Paradox of Shorter Residual Fatigue Life due to Omission of Low‐Amplitude Cycles and Its Significance for Testing
Authors: Pokorný Pavel , Vojtek Tomáš , Kubíček Radek , Jambor Michal , Náhlík Luboš , Hutař Pavel
Published: November 2024

The work investigates nonvalidity of the common presumption that the nondamaging cycles do not influence residual fatigue life. Paradoxically, application of the full loading spectrum (more cycles) resulted in approximately 2.3 times longer life of the fatigue crack growth specimens than application of the spectrum with 33% of the smallest amplitudes omitted. Unlike in humid air (controlled relative humidity of 50% at 23°C), the effect disappeared in a dry‐air chamber (relative humidity <10% at 23°C), where both fatigue lives were short. The mechanism responsible for these effects was identified as the oxide‐induced crack closure, an extrinsic mechanism unrelated to material damage. Oxide debris developed on fracture surfaces was observed by light and scanning electron microscopy, whereas crack closure was measured during the experiments. The presented counterintuitive behavior in humid air may result in wrong assessment or prediction of components residual fatigue lives, which can be nonconservative in some scenarios.
The effect of employee mobility on firm innovation
Authors: Ciccone Stephen J. , Li Huimin , Liu Yixin
Published: November 2024

We study the effect of employee mobility on firm innovation. Using an occupation‐based measure of employee mobility, we find that firms with more mobile workforces are associated with greater patent quantity and quality and higher innovation efficiency. This effect is more pronounced for firms with higher labor intensity, greater business diversification, and lower unionization rates. Both the private market value of innovation and the effectiveness of innovation to generate revenues increase with higher employee mobility. Consistent results are found using a quasi‐experimental shock, which helps address endogeneity concerns. Our findings suggest that employee mobility has a profound impact on innovation.
The association between employment and cognitive function in older adults: A systematic review
Authors: Takase Mai , Sugiura Keiko , Nakamoto Isuzu , Watanabe Saya , Murayama Hiroshi
Published: November 2024

The number of working older adults has been increasing in the past decade. Past studies have shown that working has a beneficiary effect on the health of older adults. One of the functions that older adults want to maintain is cognitive function, as this function is essential for an independent and high quality of life. Meanwhile, the association between employment >60 years and cognitive function has not yet been organized. In this study, a systematic review was conducted to clarify the longitudinal association between working older adults and cognitive function. A computerized search was performed using PubMed, CINHAL, and PsycINFO for prospective studies published until July 2023. Of the 76 174 studies identified, six were included in the systematic review based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four studies were from Asian countries (one from Taiwan and three from Japan), and two from the USA. Of the six studies, five reported an association between employment later in life and a lower risk of cognitive decline. Three studies examined the association by performing gender‐specific analyses, reporting varied results. Overall, the results of this review suggest that the employment of older adults was positively associated with cognitive function over time. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1283–1291.
Foreign Aid, Infrastructure, and the Inclusive Growth Agenda in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Ofori Isaac K. , Ojong Nathanael , Gbolonyo Emmanuel Y.
Published: November 2024

This study examines the contingency effect of infrastructure (disaggregated into physical and digital) in the relationship between foreign aid and inclusive growth in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). We employ macro data for 41 SSA countries and the dynamic system GMM estimator for the empirical analysis. We find that (i) foreign aid promotes inclusive growth in SSA, (ii) whereas transport infrastructure enhances inclusive growth, energy infrastructure, sanitation infrastructure, and digital infrastructure are statistically insignificant, and (iii) only transport infrastructure amplifies the inclusive growth‐enhancing effect of foreign aid. Across the digital and physical infrastructure domains, we find that the contingency effect of the latter is rather remarkable. Our threshold analysis also indicates that for digital infrastructure and transport infrastructure to condition complementary policies to foster inclusive growth in SSA, minimum thresholds of 22% and 57.8% are required. We conclude that comprehensive transport infrastructural development is key if foreign aid is to enhance inclusive growth in SSA.
Enhancing hydration resistance and mechanical properties of dolomite refractory through ZnO nanoparticle incorporation
Authors: Chamhaydari Mohammad Ali Rajabi , Ahmadimoghadam Hajar , Nilforoushan Mohammad Reza
Published: November 2024

The study aims to enhance the hydration resistance of dolomite refractory by investigating the influence of ZnO nanoparticles on their physical and mechanical properties. Four samples with varying ZnO concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 wt%) were prepared. The main identified phases were magnesia (MgO) and lime (CaO). The microstructure of the dolomite refractory shown irregularly shaped grains dispersed within a matrix phase, with an increase in ZnO nanoparticles, leading to larger and more abundant grains. The incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles resulted in improved density, hydration resistance, and cold compressive strength, attributed to a reduction in porosity. The sample containing 2 wt% ZnO nanoparticles displayed the highest cold compressive strength and thermal expansion coefficient compared to the pure sample. The addition of ZnO enhanced the dolomite's compressive strength by approximately 46%. These findings suggest that ZnO nanoparticles can enhance the properties of dolomite refractory, particularly in terms of hydration resistance.
Technological Barriers to Routine Genomic Surveillance for Vaccine Development Against SARS‐CoV‐2 in Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Konono Kimberly Cheryl Chido , Msusa Keiko , Mpinganjira Samuel , Amani Adidja , Nyagupe Charles , Ngigi Michael
Published: November 2024

The Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data, a public‐access database for sharing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 genomic sequencing data, has received significantly less data from African countries compared to the global total. Furthermore, the contribution of these data was infrequent and, for some countries, non‐existent. The primary aim of this review is to identify the technological barriers to routine genomic surveillance in Africa. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for the relevant articles, and other eligible articles were identified from the reference list examination according to the PRISMA checklist. Eighty‐four full‐text articles were analysed for eligibility, and 49 published full‐texted articles were included in the final qualitative analysis. The main technological barriers identified were limited genomic surveillance capacity, limited genomic sequencing infrastructure, lack of resources and skilled or trained scientists, and the high cost of importing, establishing, and maintaining a genomic sequencing facility. The Africa Pathogen Genomics Initiative aims to improve genomic surveillance capacity across Africa, through resources, training, education, infrastructure, and regional sequencing centres. Furthermore, collaborations between African governments and international partners or national, private, and academic institutions are imperative to sustain genomic surveillance in Africa, and investment in genomic sequencing and research and development is paramount. Longer turnaround times interfere with global viral evolution monitoring and national implementation of effective policies to reduce the burden and disease. Establishing effective genomic surveillance systems guides public health responses and vaccine development for diseases endemic in Africa.
Local wound care management for pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: Haroon Adeeb , Gillespie Jordan , Roland‐McGowan Jaclyn , Seervai Riyad N. H. , Gould Lisa J. , Dini Valentina , Ortega‐Loayza Alex G.
Published: November 2024

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, painful neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by rapidly progressing skin ulcers. Despite the importance of local wound care in managing PG, there is no consensus or evidence‐based guidelines. This systematic review aimed to investigate local wound care strategies for PG. A comprehensive search of Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library yielded 1213 references, from which 269 studies were included, covering 351 patients. The most reported treatment methods included sharp debridement (11%), topical corticosteroids (27%) and non‐adherent dressings (12%). However, no clear correlation between these treatments and healing outcomes was found likely due to confounding factors such as varied wound sizes, superinfection and inconsistent reporting. Additionally, directed wound care regimens have not been able to show statistical significance for healing outcomes. Our study describes the current local wound care landscape and underscores a critical gap in the current literature regarding standardized treatment protocols for PG.
A Systematic Review of Burnout Among Staff Working in Services for Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Baker Peter , Chishty‐Collins Josephine , Gore Nick
Published: November 2024

Background

The psychological wellbeing of staff who provide support to people with intellectual and developmental disabilities is one of the crucial factors in determining the quality of provision offered. An understanding of the current status and influencing variables of staff psychological wellbeing is considered to be vital in this respect.

Method

A systematic review of all studies involving staff working with people with intellectual disabilities using the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Version (MBI‐HS) published from May 2004 up to and including April 2024 was conducted.

Results

Twenty‐one studies were found which allowed updated norms and comparisons with previously published norms (Skirrow and Hatton, Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 2007; 20(2):131–144) and normative scores from staff working in human services. Scores indicated significantly lower levels of Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalisation and less Personal Accomplishment compared to norms for people working in human services. The positive trend in improving burnout scores previously reported by Skirrow and Hatton (Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 2007; 20(2):131–144) had not continued.

Conclusions

A ‘National Observatory’ approach is recommended to enable regular monitoring of staff wellbeing and exploration of influencing variables.
Exploring the Immune Landscape of ccRCC: Prognostic Signatures and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Pan Minjie , Xu Xinchi , Zhang Dong , Cao Wei
Published: November 2024

The tumour immunological microenvironment is involved in the development of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Nevertheless, the role of the immunological microenvironment in ccRCC has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we combined six ccRCC cohorts into a large cohort and quantified the expression matrix into 53 immunological terms using the ssGSEA algorithm. Five immune terms related to prognosis were screened through 1000 iterations of L1‐penalised (lasso) estimation and Cox regression analysis for immune‐related risk score (IRS) calculation. The IRS showed satisfactory prognosis prediction efficacy in ccRCC. We then compared the clinical and genomic characteristics of two IRS subgroups. Patients with low IRS showed a high level of tumour mutational burden (TMB) and a low level of copy number variation (CNV), indicating that low IRS group patients have a higher probability of responding to immunotherapy. We employed TIDE and subclass mapping analyses to corroborate our results, and the findings demonstrated that patients with a low IRS had a significantly greater percentage of immunotherapy response. According to the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC), patients with a high IRS had a decreased IC50 for sunitinib, which is the first‐line treatment for ccRCC patients. As a result, the immune characteristics of the microenvironment of ccRCC tumours have been explored, and a signature has been constructed. Analysis demonstrated that our signature could effectively predict prognosis and immunotherapy response rate.
Oreichthys warjaintia, a new species of cyprinid fish from Meghalaya, India (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)
Authors: Dann Lekiningroy , Dahanukar Neelesh , Raghavan Rajeev
Published: November 2024

Oreichthys warjaintia, new species, is described from the Pyrngang stream (Surma–Meghna basin), Meghalaya, northeast India. It can be distinguished from all known species within the genus Oreichthys in having the following combination of characters: complete lateral line with 25–27 pored scales, 13 branched pectoral‐fin rays, 5–5½ branched anal‐fin rays, 14 rows of papillae on suborbital, ½3/1/2½ scale rows in transverse line on body, presence of a black blotch on caudal‐fin base, and in the coloration of dorsal, caudal, and anal fins. Oreichthys warjaintia is distinct from all known Oreichthys species for which mitochondrial cox1 sequence data are available by a raw genetic distance ranging from 8.3% to 11.1%.
Prevalence and etiologies of non‐responsive celiac disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Aggarwal Nishant , Bhatia Unnati , Dwarakanathan Vignesh , Singh Achintya Dinesh , Singh Prashant , Ahuja Vineet , Makharia Govind K
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim

Non‐responsive celiac disease (NRCD) is defined as ongoing symptoms despite 6–12 months of gluten‐free diet (GFD), the only known treatment for celiac disease (CeD). There is inconsistency in studies describing the proportion of patients having NRCD and its various causes among patients with CeD. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the prevalence and causes of NRCD.

Methods

The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for original studies reporting the proportion of patients with persistent symptoms after ≥ 6 months of GFD. Studies reporting the etiologies of NRCD were also identified. The systematic review was conducted as per the Meta‐analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed in STATA.

Results

Of 2965 search results, nine studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Five studies (n = 4414) reported data on prevalence, and seven studies (n = 790) reported the causes of NRCD. The pooled prevalence of NRCD was 22% (95% confidence interval, 11–35%). Among patients with NRCD, inadvertent exposure to gluten was the most common cause (33%), followed by functional gastrointestinal disorders including irritable bowel syndrome in 16%. Refractory CeD type II along with its premalignant and malignant sequelae was observed in 7% of patients with NRCD.

Conclusion

One in five patients with CeD may not respond to GFD and would likely be classified as NRCD. Inadvertent gluten exposure was the cause of ongoing symptoms in one‐third of patients with NRCD. Improving adherence to GFD along with developing novel therapeutics to mitigate symptoms due to ongoing gluten exposure is critical.