bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Large-scale Structure in the SSA22 Protocluster Region Using Cosmological Simulations∗
Authors: Topping Michael W. , Shapley Alice E. , Steidel Charles C. , Naoz Smadar , Primack Joel R.
Published: January 2018

We investigate the nature and evolution of large-scale structure within the SSA22 protocluster region at z = 3.09 using cosmological simulations. A redshift histogram constructed from current spectroscopic observations of the SSA22 protocluster reveals two separate peaks at z = 3.065 (blue) and z = 3.095 (red). Based on these data, we report updated overdensity and mass calculations for the SSA22 protocluster. We find

and

for the blue and red peaks, respectively, and

for the entire region. These overdensities correspond to masses of

,

, and

for the red, blue, and total peaks, respectively. We use the Small MultiDark Planck (SMDPL) simulation to identify comparably massive

protoclusters, and uncover the underlying structure and ultimate fate of the SSA22 protocluster. For this analysis, we construct mock redshift histograms for each simulated

protocluster, quantitatively comparing them with the observed SSA22 data. We find that the observed double-peaked structure in the SSA22 redshift histogram corresponds not to a single coalescing cluster, but rather the proximity of a

protocluster and at least one

cluster progenitor. Such associations in the SMDPL simulation are easily understood within the framework of hierarchical clustering of dark matter halos. We finally find that the opportunity to observe such a phenomenon is incredibly rare, with an occurrence rate of

.
Stellar Parameters for Trappist-1
Authors: Grootel Valérie Van , Fernandes Catarina S. , Gillon Michael , Jehin Emmanuel , Manfroid Jean , Scuflaire Richard , Burgasser Adam J. , Barkaoui Khalid , Benkhaldoun Zouhair , Burdanov Artem , Delrez Laetitia , Demory Brice-Olivier , Wit Julien de , Queloz Didier , Triaud Amaury H. M. J.
Published: January 2018

TRAPPIST-1 is an ultracool dwarf star transited by seven Earth-sized planets, for which thorough characterization of atmospheric properties, surface conditions encompassing habitability, and internal compositions is possible with current and next-generation telescopes. Accurate modeling of the star is essential to achieve this goal. We aim to obtain updated stellar parameters for TRAPPIST-1 based on new measurements and evolutionary models, compared to those used in discovery studies. We present a new measurement for the parallax of TRAPPIST-1, 82.4 ± 0.8 mas, based on 188 epochs of observations with the TRAPPIST and Liverpool Telescopes from 2013 to 2016. This revised parallax yields an updated luminosity of

, which is very close to the previous estimate but almost two times more precise. We next present an updated estimate for TRAPPIST-1 stellar mass, based on two approaches: mass from stellar evolution modeling, and empirical mass derived from dynamical masses of equivalently classified ultracool dwarfs in astrometric binaries. We combine them using a Monte-Carlo approach to derive a semi-empirical estimate for the mass of TRAPPIST-1. We also derive estimate for the radius by combining this mass with stellar density inferred from transits, as well as an estimate for the effective temperature from our revised luminosity and radius. Our final results are

,

, and

2516 ± 41 K. Considering the degree to which the TRAPPIST-1 system will be scrutinized in coming years, these revised and more precise stellar parameters should be considered when assessing the properties of TRAPPIST-1 planets.
Studying the Transfer of Magnetic Helicity in Solar Active Regions with the Connectivity-based Helicity Flux Density Method
Authors: Dalmasse K. , Pariat É. , Valori G. , Jing J. , Démoulin P.
Published: January 2018

In the solar corona, magnetic helicity slowly and continuously accumulates in response to plasma flows tangential to the photosphere and magnetic flux emergence through it. Analyzing this transfer of magnetic helicity is key for identifying its role in the dynamics of active regions (ARs). The connectivity-based helicity flux density method was recently developed for studying the 2D and 3D transfer of magnetic helicity in ARs. The method takes into account the 3D nature of magnetic helicity by explicitly using knowledge of the magnetic field connectivity, which allows it to faithfully track the photospheric flux of magnetic helicity. Because the magnetic field is not measured in the solar corona, modeled 3D solutions obtained from force-free magnetic field extrapolations must be used to derive the magnetic connectivity. Different extrapolation methods can lead to markedly different 3D magnetic field connectivities, thus questioning the reliability of the connectivity-based approach in observational applications. We address these concerns by applying this method to the isolated and internally complex AR 11158 with different magnetic field extrapolation models. We show that the connectivity-based calculations are robust to different extrapolation methods, in particular with regard to identifying regions of opposite magnetic helicity flux. We conclude that the connectivity-based approach can be reliably used in observational analyses and is a promising tool for studying the transfer of magnetic helicity in ARs and relating it to their flaring activity.
V1369 Cen High-resolution Panchromatic Late Nebular Spectra in the Context of a Unified Picture for Nova Ejecta
Authors: Mason Elena , Shore Steven N. , Aquino Ivan De Gennaro , Izzo Luca , Page Kim , Schwarz Greg J.
Published: January 2018

Nova Cen 2013 (V1369 Cen) is the fourth bright nova observed panchromatically through high-resolution UV+optical multiepoch spectroscopy. It is also the nova with the richest set of spectra (in terms of both data quality and number of epochs) thanks to its exceptional brightness. Here, we use the late nebular spectra taken between day ∼250 and day ∼837 after outburst to derive the physical, geometrical, and kinematical properties of the nova. We compare the results with those determined for the other panchromatic studies in this series: T Pyx, V339 Del (nova Del 2013), and V959 Mon (nova Mon 2012). From this we conclude that in all these novae the ejecta geometry and phenomenology can be consistently explained by clumpy gas expelled during a single, brief ejection episode and in ballistic expansion, and not by a wind. For V1369 Cen the ejecta mass (∼1 × 10−4
M⊙) and filling factor (0.1 ≤ f ≤ 0.2) are consistent with those of classical novae but larger (by at least an order of magnitude) than those of T Pyx and the recurrent novae. V1369 Cen has an anomalously high (relative to solar) N/C ratio that is beyond the range currently predicted for a CO nova, and the Ne emission line strengths are dissimilar to those of typical ONe or CO white dwarfs.
Solar Wind Turbulent Cascade from MHD to Sub-ion Scales: Large-size 3D Hybrid Particle-in-cell Simulations
Authors: Franci Luca , Landi Simone , Verdini Andrea , Matteini Lorenzo , Hellinger Petr
Published: January 2018

Properties of the turbulent cascade from fluid to kinetic scales in collisionless plasmas are investigated by means of large-size 3D hybrid (fluid electrons, kinetic protons) particle-in-cell simulations. Initially isotropic Alfvénic fluctuations rapidly develop a strongly anisotropic turbulent cascade, mainly in the direction perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field. The omnidirectional magnetic field spectrum shows a double power-law behavior over almost two decades in wavenumber, with a Kolmogorov-like index at large scales, a spectral break around ion scales, and a steepening at sub-ion scales. Power laws are also observed in the spectra of the ion bulk velocity, density, and electric field, at both magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and kinetic scales. Despite the complex structure, the omnidirectional spectra of all fields at ion and sub-ion scales are in remarkable quantitative agreement with those of a 2D simulation with similar physical parameters. This provides a partial, a posteriori validation of the 2D approximation at kinetic scales. Conversely, at MHD scales, the spectra of the density and of the velocity (and, consequently, of the electric field) exhibit differences between the 2D and 3D cases. Although they can be partly ascribed to the lower spatial resolution, the main reason is likely the larger importance of compressible effects in the full 3D geometry. Our findings are also in remarkable quantitative agreement with solar wind observations.
MOJAVE. XV. VLBA 15 GHz Total Intensity and Polarization Maps of 437 Parsec-scale AGN Jets from 1996 to 2017
Authors: Lister M. L. , Aller M. F. , Aller H. D. , Hodge M. A. , Homan D. C. , Kovalev Y. Y. , Pushkarev A. B. , Savolainen T.
Published: January 2018

We present 5321 mas-resolution total intensity and linear polarization maps of 437 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) obtained with the VLBA at 15 GHz as part of the MOJAVE survey, and also from the NRAO data archive. The former is a long-term program to study the structure and evolution of powerful parsec-scale outflows associated with AGNs. The targeted AGNs are drawn from several flux-limited radio and γ-ray samples, and all have correlated VLBA flux densities greater than ∼50 mJy at 15 GHz. Approximately 80% of these AGNs are associated with γ-ray sources detected by the Fermi LAT instrument. The vast majority were observed with the VLBA on 5–15 occasions between 1996 January 19 and 2016 December 26, at intervals ranging from a month to several years, with the most typical sampling interval being six months. A detailed analysis of the linear and circular polarization evolutions of these AGN jets is presented in the other papers in this series.
A Spectral Approach to Transit Timing Variations
Authors: Ofir Aviv , Xie Ji-Wei , Jiang Chao-Feng , Sari Re’em , Aharonson Oded
Published: January 2018

The high planetary multiplicity revealed by Kepler implies that transit timing variations (TTVs) are intrinsically common. The usual procedure for detecting these TTVs is biased to long-period, deep transit planets, whereas most transiting planets have short periods and shallow transits. Here we introduce the Spectral Approach technique to TTVs that allows expanding the TTV catalog toward lower TTV amplitude, shorter orbital period, and shallower transit depth. In the spectral approach, we assume that a sinusoidal TTV exists in the data and then calculate the improvement to χ
2 that this model allows over that of the linear-ephemeris model. This enables detection of TTVs even in cases where the transits are too shallow, so that individual transits cannot be timed. The spectral approach is more sensitive because it has fewer free parameters in its model. Using the spectral approach, we (a) detect 129 new periodic TTVs in Kepler data (an increase of ∼2/3 over a previous TTV catalog); (b) constrain the TTV periods of 34 long-period TTVs and reduce amplitude errors of known TTVs; and (c) identify cases of multi-periodic TTVs, for which absolute planetary mass determination may be possible. We further extend our analysis by using perturbation theory assuming a small TTV amplitude at the detection stage, which greatly speeds up our detection (to a level of few seconds per star). Our extended TTV sample shows no deficit of short-period or low-amplitude transits, in contrast to previous surveys, in which the detection schemes were significantly biased against such systems.
How Special Is GRB 170817A?
Authors: Yue Chuan , Hu Qian , Zhang Fu-Wen , Liang Yun-Feng , Jin Zhi-Ping , Zou Yuan-Chuan , Fan Yi-Zhong , Wei Da-Ming
Published: January 2018

GRB 170817A is the first short gamma-ray burst (GRB) with direct detection of the gravitational-wave radiation and also the spectroscopically identified macronova emission (i.e., AT 2017gfo). The prompt emission of this burst, however, is underluminous in comparison with the other short GRBs with known redshift. In this work, we examine whether GRB 170817A is indeed unique. We first show that GRB 130603B/macronova may be the on-axis “analogs” of GRB 170817A/AT 2017gfo, and the extremely dim but long-lasting afterglow emission of GRB 170817A may suggest a low number density (

) of its circumburst medium and a structured outflow. We then discuss whether GRB 070923, GRB 080121, GRB 090417A, GRB 111005A, and GRB 170817A form a new group of very nearby underluminous GRBs originated from neutron star mergers. If the short events GRB 070923, GRB 080121, and GRB 090417A are indeed at a redshift of

, respectively, their isotropic energies of the prompt emission are

erg and thus comparable to the other two events. The non-detection of optical counterparts of GRB 070923, GRB 080121, GRB 090417A, and GRB 111005A, however, strongly suggests that the macronovae from neutron star mergers are significantly diverse in luminosities or, alternatively, there is another origin channel (for instance, the white dwarf and black hole mergers). We finally suggest that GW170817/GRB 170817A are likely not alone and similar events will be detected by the upgraded/upcoming gravitational-wave detectors and the electromagnetic monitors.
Anticitrullinated Protein Antibodies Induce Inflammatory Gene Expression Profile in Peripheral Blood Cells from CCP–positive Patients with RA
Authors: Gertel Smadar , Karmon Gidi , Szarka Eszter , Shovman Ora , Houri-Levi Esther , Mozes Edna , Shoenfeld Yehuda , Amital Howard
Published: January 2018

Objective.

Anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) have major diagnostic significance in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). ACPA are directed against different citrullinated antigens, including filaggrin, fibrinogen, vimentin, and collagen. The presence of ACPA is associated with joint damage and extraarticular manifestations, suggesting that ACPA may have a significant role in the pathogenesis of RA.

Methods.

To verify the effect of ACPA on RA-immune cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP)–positive patients with RA and healthy controls were cocultured in vitro with ACPA. ACPA-positive stained cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and the effect of ACPA on mRNA expression levels was evaluated by real-time PCR. We tested whether the stimulatory effects induced by ACPA could be inhibited by the addition of a new multiepitope citrullinated peptide (Cit-ME).

Results.

We found that ACPA bind specifically to PBMC from CCP-positive patients with RA through the Fab portion. ACPA induce upregulation of pathogenic cytokine expression (4- to 13-fold increase) in PBMC derived from CCP-positive patients with RA. Moreover, ACPA upregulated IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression levels by 10- and 6-fold, respectively, compared to control IgG. Cit-ME, a genuine ligand of ACPA, inhibited the ACPA-induced upregulation of IL-1β and IL-6 by 30%.

Conclusion.

ACPA bind to a limited percentage of PBMC and upregulate inflammatory cytokine expression, suggesting that ACPA is involved in RA pathogenesis. Targeting ACPA to decrease their pathogenic effects might provide a novel direction in developing therapeutic strategies for RA.
L’école est un champ de bataille
Authors: Carle Zoé , Casanova Vincent , Charrier Alexandre , Chémery Valentin , Farjat Juliette , Guillibert Paul , Mangeot Philippe , Wahnich Sophie
Published: January 2018

Résumé
Passer par l’atelier
Authors: Guidoux Valérie
Published: January 2018

Résumé Portfolio
Travail dirigé : fabrique ton communiqué
Authors: Mazière Jean
Published: January 2018

Résumé Novlangue
Quel temps pour l’apprentissage ?
Authors: Chottin Ariane
Published: January 2018

Résumé Temps solaire
La purge autoritaire turque vue d’Europe
Authors: Legrand Josquin
Published: January 2018

Résumé Injustice internationale
Postimpressions d’Évian
Authors: Rabau Sophie
Published: January 2018

Résumé Dame du lac
Le principe de libre administration des collectivités territoriales dans la jurisprudence du Conseil d’État
Authors: Borner-Kaydel Emmanuelle
Published: January 2018

Le Conseil d’État se prononce sur le principe de libre administration des collectivités territoriales, à travers de nombreux aspects. Les études menées sur ce sujet s’intéressent à certains aspects de ce principe, sans en livrer de définition précise. Le présent article recherche dans la jurisprudence du Conseil d’État des éléments de définition du principe de libre administration des collectivités territoriales, et propose une étude complète de la position du juge administratif, en s’intéressant à la protection de ce principe, au contrôle des collectivités territoriales, au partage des compétences et ses incidences sur la libre administration des collectivités, et sur l’apport du principe d’autonomie financière.
Le règne de Louis XIV, ou la rupture définitive entre la société française et la monarchie
Authors: Bouveresse Jacques
Published: January 2018

Le règne de Louis XIV, comme Janus, présente deux faces. La première de ces faces qui correspond au vingt-cinq premières années du règne est brillante et lumineuse. Tout s’ordonne autour du roi dans un bel ordonnancement classique. Louis XIV est le maître de la guerre et de la paix. Il est entouré d’une cour brillante où il n’y a pas que des courtisans mais aussi beaucoup d’hommes capables et compétents. À partir des années 1680 – et à cet égard la révocation de l’Édit de Nantes en 1685 est un bon indicateur – le climat général s’assombrit. Nous entrons dans la deuxième phase du règne qui nous montre sa face obscure et tourmentée. Ce qu’il faut remarquer c’est la coupure, la séparation définitive entre le roi et le Tiers État. Les écrivains et les publicistes de l’époque portent témoignage de ce divorce irréversible. Plus jamais la confiance ne se rétablira entre la monarchie et le peuple. Comme Paul Hazard le faisait déjà remarquer il y a près d’un siècle dans son ouvrage majeur sur La crise de la conscience européenne, la dynamique révolutionnaire n’a pas attendu le milieu du XVIIIe siècle pour se manifester, elle a monopolisé les esprits et les énergies dès la fin du XVIIe siècle en plein milieu du règne du Grand Roi.
L’exploitation de l’énergie nucléaire ou l’archétype de la modernité face au renouveau de la philosophie naturaliste
Authors: Clerc Olivier
Published: January 2018

La philosophie moderne implique que l’Homme domine la Nature à laquelle il n’appartient pas et s’en extirpe à l’aide de la connaissance et de la technique. Ce développement unilatérale de la pensée moderne a été remis en question, aux États-Unis, dès le XIXe siècle, et se heurte, depuis les années 1970, à un renouveau de la philosophie naturaliste. Fondée sur la reconnaissance d’une valeur intrinsèque de la Nature et sur la dénonciation de l’utopie techno-scientifique, la philosophie naturaliste remet en cause le paradigme cartésien qui demeure au fondement de la « modernité réflexive » pour laquelle la question centrale n’est plus tant celle de la maîtrise de la Nature que celle de la maîtrise des risques et notamment du risque nucléaire. D’une part, les partisans de la philosophie naturaliste dénoncent les méthodes d’évaluation du risque nucléaire fondées sur une interprétation fréquentielle et sur un bilan « coûts-bénéfices » pour les seules sociétés humaines. Ils proposent au contraire d’ériger la Nature en sujet de droit afin d’établir les obligations que les Hommes ont envers elle. D’autre part, les penseurs naturalistes développent, au regard de « notre impuissance à maîtriser la puissance » technologique (H. Jonas), une éthique de la prudence. Ils recourent pour ce faire à une interprétation stricte du principe de précaution visant à s’abstenir de toute action présentant le risque le plus minime d’enclencher des événements fatals pour l’intégrité des écosystèmes.
Birds, Bards, Buffoons and Brahmans : (Re-)Tracing the Indic Roots of some Ancient and Modern Performing Characters from Java and Bali
Authors: Acri Andrea
Published: January 2018

On the basis of evidence gathered from Old Javanese textual sources and Central Javanese temple reliefs, I proposed to identify some figures of itinerant ascetics-cum-performers—the vidus—as localised Javanese counterparts of Indic prototypes, namely low-status and antinomian Śaiva practitioners (Acri 2011). Building on the work of Stutterheim, Becker, and Coldiron, here I take up additional textual, art historical, and ethnographic evidence from Java and Bali that suggests a premodern, and ultimately Indic, origin of some performances and their specific performers—viz. the ancient Javanese pirus, the modern Javanese canthang balung and talèdhèk, and the contemporary Balinese topeng Sidha Karya. In pinpointing certain striking analogies between Śaiva traditions of itinerant practitioners known from the Indian Subcontinent and their hypothesised Archipelagic ‘relatives’, I aim to ‘historicize’ those figures, and trace their origins to related figures and milieux—at once performative, ritual, and/or ascetic—known from the Sanskritic tradition. Having briefly discussed the philosophical and/or ritual rationale underpinning many of the performances presented here, I will venture to sketch the socio-cultural factors that affected their Javanese and Balinese performers, who adapted to changing circumstances and external influences (e.g. Islamization and/or Western ‘modernization’) by adopting new modes of engagement with audiences, patrons, and prevalent religious and/or ritual fashions.
Cimetière de Tuan di Kandang
Authors: Kalus Ludvik , Guillot Claude
Published: January 2018

Il s’agit des inscriptions funéraires du cimetière de Tuan di Kandang qui s’ajoutent à la série d’articles consacrés à l’épigraphie musulmane d’Aceh. Ce sont essentiellement des épitaphes de fils et filles de sultans. Ici encore, les identifications avec les données historiques restent aléatoires
A New Meta-Heuristics for Intrusion Detection System by Scenario Inspired From the Protection System of Social Bees
Authors: Lokbani Ahmed Chaouki , Boudia Mohamed Amine
Published: January 2018

In this paper, the authors propose a meta-heuristic for intrusion detection system by scenario, inspired by the protection system of social bees to their hive. This approach is based on a specialized multi-agent system where the authors give limited responsibility to each guard bee agent: to secure only one port. This specialization aims to better exploit the training set and the hardware and software performance. The authors start this paper with a short introduction where they show the importance of IT security. Then they give a little insight into the state of the art, before starting the essential part of a scientific paper: “Our Approach,” where they explain the natural model. Finally, they simplify their model in a modelling table to share their vision and philosophy to switch from natural model to artificial model.
Nature-Inspired-Based Multi-Objective Hybrid Algorithms to Find Near-OGRs for Optical WDM Systems and Their Comparison
Authors: Bansal Shonak
Published: January 2018

Nature-inspired-based approaches are powerful optimizing algorithms to solve the NP-complete problems having multiple objectives. In this chapter, two nature-inspired-based multi-objective optimization algorithms (MOAs) and their hybrid forms are proposed to find the optimal Golomb rulers (OGRs) in a reasonable time. The OGRs can be used as a channel-allocation algorithm that allows suppression of the four-wave mixing crosstalk in optical wavelength division multiplexing systems. The presented results conclude that the proposed MOAs outperforms the existing conventional classical and nature-inspired-based algorithms to find near-OGRs in terms of ruler length, total occupied optical bandwidth, bandwidth expansion factor, computation time, and computational complexity. In order to find the superiority of proposed MOAs, the performances of the proposed algorithms are also analyzed by using statistical tests.
Bio-Inspired Algorithms for Ecosystem Data Analysis
Authors: Rahmani Mohamed Elhadi
Published: January 2018

Ecological systems are known by their relationships with the environment. They affect and are affected by various external factors such as climate and the basic materials that form the soil. Good distinctions of relationships is the first important point in the modeling of ecosystems. The diversity of these systems caused a large amount of data that became hard to analyze, which made researchers classify it as NP-Hard problems. This chapter presents a study of application of bio-inspired algorithms for ecosystem data analysis. The chapter contains application of four different approaches that were inspired by authors of the paper from four different phenomena, and they were applied for analysis of four different ecosystem data collected from real life cases. Results showed a very high accuracy and proved the efficiency of bio-inspired algorithms for supervised classification of real ecosystem data.
Breast Cancer Detection and Diagnosis
Authors: Bilal Rabia , Khan Bilal Muhammad , Young Rupert
Published: January 2018

Breast cancer in women persist to be one of the primary reason of death in the world. Since the exact causes are not completely known, the most important approach is to reduce this mortality by early detection and treatment. Cancer is very difficult to diagnose in its early stages and patients only experience the symptoms when cancer has fully developed. As yet there are no effective cancer detection techniques that can detect and cure cancer at an early stage. Early cancer detection challenges very much rely on diagnostic imaging techniques at the screening stage. Newer diagnostic techniques in imaging has potential to detect timely and classify women at high possibility of the ailment. There are a several investigations that can assist in the identification of cancer, as well as blood tests, physical checkups and a several of imaging techniques including of ultrasound, MRI, mammograms and chest x-rays. This chapter focuses on the current detection techniques, discusses the shortcomings, and identifies the need for new, safer and cheaper detection techniques.
Emerging Technologies Serving Cytopathology
Authors: Pouliakis Abraham , Margari Niki , Karakitsou Effrosyni , Archondakis Stavros , Karakitsos Petros
Published: January 2018

Cytopathology became a popular since George Papanicolaou proposed the famous test Pap 60 years ago. Today cytopathology laboratories use the microscope as primary diagnostic device; however modern laboratories host numerous modalities for molecular tests and exchange data via networks; additionally, there are imaging systems producing pictures and virtual slides at enormous sizes and volume. The latest technological developments for cloud computing, big data and mobile devices has changed the way enterprises, institutions and people use computerized systems. In this chapter are explored potential applications of these technologies in the cytopathology laboratory including: data storage, laboratory information systems, population screening programs, quality control and assurance, education and proficiency testing, e-learning, tele-consultation, primary diagnosis and research. The impact of their adoption on the daily workflow is highlighted, possible shortcomings especially for security and privacy issues are identified and future research directions are presented.
Exploring the Possibility of Using TV White Spaces in Africa
Authors: Nyambo Benny , Mapako Benard , Munyaradzi Michael
Published: January 2018

The people living in remote parts of the underdeveloped world usually do not have access to affordable internet, either because it is too expensive to lay fibre to these areas or mobile data is just too expensive to use every day. There has always been a need to find a way to bring fast, cheap, and reliable internet access to these people. This is where the TV white spaces (TVWS) or unused TV band spectrum comes in. TVWS refers to the gaps found between TV channels. It can be used to provide cheaper and reliable broadband to remote areas. Wi-Fi typically covers short distances and has trouble passing through obstacles. TVWS, on the other hand, can travel long distances and can penetrate obstacles. This makes TVWS suitable for long distance internet provision in remote areas. This chapter explores the possibilities and advantages of delivering broadband to remote areas of underdeveloped nations using TVWS with the intention of poverty reduction. The concept of TV channels digitalization also frees the whole analogue TV spectrum and allows it to be used in TVWS technology.
The Role of Education in Attaining Sustainable Development in Sub-Saharan African Nations
Authors: Abadama Desalegn Sherkabu
Published: January 2018

This chapter illuminates how education can be a game changer in the endeavor for attaining sustainable development in sub-Sahara Africa. Postmodern society is characterized by the quest for equity. Equity is an essential prerequisite to sustainable development which in turn necessitate lasting peace, economic and social well-being, among others. We need curricula responsive to postmodern society which would warrant socioeconomic and environmentally sustainable development. Today, there is a significant move towards educational expansion. There has been irregularity in success rates, however. Constituents of developing countries have been struggling to influence their government through the democratization process to open more schools and universities. Yet, accessibility has to be accompanied with quality. This can be achieved by enhancing privatization of education and the effectiveness of the regulatory role of responsible government. So, this chapter is a discourse extending beyond education for sustainable development in to education for sustainable life.
The Role of Civil Society Organizations in the Pursuit of a Sustainable Development Agenda in South Africa
Authors: Mkhize Mbekezeli Comfort , Manona Wela Wellman , Madumi Phathutshedzo P.
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the role of civil society organizations in the pursuit of sustainable development agenda in the post-apartheid South Africa. The chapter examines the factors impeding civil society groups in relation to national development prior and post-apartheid era and how this role/s will affect the future of civil society in the country. This chapter adopts secondary source and argues that the fundamental role civil society plays in society compliments the role of government agencies in terms of solutions for development and poverty reduction. There seems to be a lack of focus in these areas in the post-apartheid South Africa. The chapter concludes that civil society groups in developing countries face challenges ranging from donor dependency, material scarcity, hostile legal environment, fragmentation, public legitimacy, and accountability. It is recommended that civil society groups need to be strengthened to ensure effective service delivery.
Revisiting the Legal Framework of Urban Planning in the Global South
Authors: Daramola Oluwole
Published: January 2018

This chapter discusses the profession of urban planning within the context of the Nigerian legal system. In Nigeria, there is an array of legislation relevant to urban planning that is aimed at securing sustainable cities through various planning activities. The chapter establishes the relationship between law and urban planning activities and puts it that the latter is an offshoot of the former. It further discusses the legal framework of urban planning in Nigeria, with due consideration to the problems inherent in it and the effects of such problems on urban development in the country. The chapter also suggests a need for paradigm shift by providing for strategies rooted in law towards viable urban and regional development and economic growth in Nigeria. The chapter concludes that strengthening the legal framework of urban planning will provide opportunities for equitable and spatial allocation of resources that takes cognizance of the social, economic, institutional, and environmental dimensions of an urban center.
An Overview of Population Growth and Sustainable Development in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Pande Vincent Sebastian , Kumburu Neema Penance
Published: January 2018

Development efforts in several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are harmed by a combination of many factors, high rates of population growth being among of them. Despite the strong links between population and sustainable development, these issues were not a priority in broader development policies and strategies in SSA. Population and sustainable development had been often addressed separately at policy and programme levels. Despite the fact that decision makers in these countries recognize the importance of population issues for sustainable development, these issues are rarely worked on together, limiting the payoff that could result from integrating the two. This chapter, therefore, re-examines and relates these two concepts to see their compatibility and provides a more realistic approach in converting population growth into economic gains for future development of SSA countries and Africa in general.
Classification Techniques for Thunderstorms and Lightning Prediction
Authors: Bala Kanchan , Choubey Dilip Kumar , Paul Sanchita , Lala Mili Ghosh Nee
Published: January 2018

Environmental disasters affect the economy, biodiversity, human life, and living organisms. Thunderstorms are one of such environmental disaster. By using proper methodology of forecasting thunderstorms, the adverse effects can be reduced. The prediction of thunderstorms is the most difficult task in weather forecasting due to their temporal and spatial extension either physically or dynamically. Lightning is associated with thunderstorms, which causes wildfires, kills people and other living organisms. Heavy rain from thunderstorms causes flash flooding. In this regard, several researchers have proposed different methodology such as statistical, numerical mode, data mining, soft computing, and machine learning for forecasting of severe weather to reduce the damages. This chapter focuses existing classification methods on thunderstorms and lightning prediction. This chapter includes suggestions on the future research directions.
Sizing and Placement of Battery-Sourced Solar Photovoltaic (B-SSPV) Plants in Distribution Networks
Authors: Ali Abid , Nor Nursyarizal Mohd , Ibrahim Taib , Romlie Mohd Fakhizan , Bingi Kishore
Published: January 2018

This chapter proposes a mixed-integer optimization using genetic algorithm (MIOGA) for determining the optimum sizes and placements of battery-sourced solar photovoltaic (B-SSPV) plants to reduce the total energy losses in distribution networks. Total energy loss index (TELI) is formulated as the main objective function and meanwhile bus voltage deviations and PV penetrations of B-SSPV plants are calculated. To deal the stochastic behavior of solar irradiance, 15 years of weather data is modeled by using beta probability density function (Beta-PDF). The proposed algorithm is applied on IEEE 33 bus and IEEE 69 bus test distribution networks and optimum results are acquired for different time varying voltage dependent load models. From the results, it is known that, compared to PV only, the integration of B-SSPV plants in the distribution networks resulted in higher penetration levels in distribution networks. The proposed algorithm was very effective in terms of determining the sizes of the PV plant and the battery storage, and for the charging and discharging of the battery storage.
Fast Chaotic Encryption Using Circuits for Mobile and Cloud Computing
Authors: Stalin Shalini , Maheshwary Priti , Shukla Piyush Kumar , Tiwari Akhilesh , Khare Ankur
Published: January 2018

In last few decades, a lot of work has been done in the field of cryptography; it is being considered one of the safe methods to protect data. It was first used to protect communication by individuals, armies, and organizational companies. With the help encryption method, anyone can protect their data from a third-party attack. Images are used in various areas like biometric authentication, medical science, military, etc., where they are being stored or transferred over the network and the safety of such images are very important. The newest movement in encryption is chaos-based, which is a better encryption technique than AES, DES, RSA, etc. It consists of different property such as sensitive independence on original situation, non-periodicity, non-convergence, etc. In recent times, many chaos-based image encryption algorithms have been proposed, but most of them are not sufficient to provide full protection to data. In this chapter, a survey of different chaos-based image encryption techniques is discussed.
Detection of Stator and Rotor Faults in Asynchronous Motor Using Artificial Intelligence Method
Authors: Kumar K. Vinoth , Michael Prawin Angel
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with the implementation of a PC-based monitoring and fault identification scheme for a three-phase induction motor using artificial neural networks (ANNs). To accomplish the task, a hardware system is designed and built to acquire three phase voltages and currents from a 3.3KW squirrel-cage, three-phase induction motor. A software program is written to read the voltages and currents, which are first used to train a feed-forward neural network structure. The trained network is placed in a Lab VIEW-based program formula node that monitors the voltages and currents online and displays the fault conditions and turns the motor. The complete system is successfully tested in real time by creating different faults on the motor.
An Innovative Design of RF Energy Harvester for Wireless Sensor Devices
Authors: Agrawal Pankaj , Tiwari Akhilesh , Singh Uday Pratap
Published: January 2018

Due to growing demand of energy, green technologies are highly attractive among researchers because of their non-conventional nature. Energy harvesting is one of their best parts. Very low cost of maintenance and non-polluting nature are major reasons behind their growing demand. However, for ultra-low power applications, such as in wireless sensor devices, the energy scavenging from RF signal is another alternative. In the last few years, a great interest has been seen in microwave power scavenging for charging wireless devices. This chapter presents a RF energy harvesting circuit with tuned π-matching network that resonates at desired incident RF frequency to boost these signals. Various computer intelligent techniques have been used to optimize parameters value of matching circuit. The designed circuit has been analyzed for input power range from -30 dBm to 0 dBm. Approximately 80% maximum PCE is achieved at RF input of 0 dBm with 4 KΩ load. It is also demonstrated that better output power is produced for power range -15 dBm to 0 dBm at higher load values.
Enterprise Agility in Today's Era of Complexity
Authors: Varanasi Rama P.
Published: January 2018

This chapter delves into some of the facets surrounding complexity and determining solutions for a globalized future, both in the context of the fourth industrial revolution and changing socio-economic dynamics where humanity has been witness to more shifts in a decade than in the previous four centuries. It has therefore come to be an era where the only certainty seems to be constant uncertainty. The two principal entities standing at the forefront of such uncertainty are governments and corporations. The author addresses key facets influencing complexity and agility in corporations.
Orientism Management Strategy for Entrepreneurial Mindset in the School Governance
Authors: dall'Acqua Luisa
Published: January 2018

In a digital era, characterized by shared decision-making, and where web-based management is increasingly widespread, the term school “leader” may also refer to the highest-ranking administrator, who manages a complex organization, leads teachers, as well as those who participate in school leadership activities, using and managing digital supports. The school leader is always the first and foremost person in ensuring the efficiency in running the school and the effectiveness of the educational politics application. Nowadays, this role includes new duties and needs an equipment for new skills. Education world and policy makers alike seek a frame for effective leadership that can produce sustainable school improvement and continuous teacher commitment. The research finality of this chapter is how to manage the educational change, to train principals/headmasters to be decision leaders, able to recognize and manage the change, choose right collaborators/coadjutors with the perspective of a factual team building.
Strategists From the Past, as Encrypted Cognitive Maps, Whose Access Code Is the Will of Learning Solutions
Authors: Verrini Anna
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores some different ways to acquire not only professional competence but also knowledge and learned solutions. The author doesn't give a “magic solution” to solve all problems, but instead suggests some ideas to keep in mind and work around to overcome great difficulties.
Cross-Cultural Decision-Making in Healthcare
Authors: Komendziński Tomasz , Mikołajewska Emilia , Mikołajewski Dariusz
Published: January 2018

This chapter describes how people are connected to each other through a common system of encoding and decoding messages. Opening the European gate has made intercultural communication omnipresent, and this includes health care. Internationally-based tasks need new, culture-aware medical practitioners. The challenges, barriers, and solutions in the aforementioned area based on the personal experiences of the authors. The chapter concludes that in spite of personal experience, intercultural tension continues to be a major hinderance to patient healthcare services.
Diffusion vs. Knowledge Protection When Participating in ICT Standardization
Authors: Riillo Cesare A. F. , Mijatovic Ivana S
Published: January 2018

Innovative companies need to make decisions related to protection and sharing of their new knowledge. This chapter explores knowledge patterns during formal ICT standardization and/or in standards consortia. While previous studies focused on the role of intellectual property rights in standardization decisions, this investigation considers standards and patents as sources of information for innovation. Results show that when patents are important, firms are more likely to be engaged in consortia but not in formal standardization. Size moderates this relationship. Smaller firms are more motivated by the quest for knowledge during standardization while larger firms are more sensitive to the importance of patents. The authors conclude that small firms might participate in ICT standardization in order to anticipate development of the standard, rather than place a patent in the standards.
Competing Value Logics in the Apportionment of SEP Damages
Authors: Heiden Bowman
Published: January 2018

This chapter comparatively examines the valuation methodologies put forward and accepted in four initial FRAND cases adjudicated in the US district court system in 2013-15 and finds a qualitative link to the business models (i.e., value logics) employed by the actors and the type of standards involved. Additionally, valuation models based on prior license agreements seem to currently produce higher valuations of SEPs, everything else equal. While the CAFC has clearly stated that apportionment is the governing rule in SEP cases, the variety of valuation methods put forward in similar contexts indicates the calculation of the SEPs still lacks consensus on both legal and economic grounds. However, a number of the most recent SEP rulings in district courts show clear accordance with clarifications from the CAFC in Ericsson and CSIRO. Additionally, the studied cases confirm the lack of empirical evidence of systemic patent holdup and royalty stacking and indicate that the contractual/transactional nature of SEP disputes can well be addressed on a case-by-case basis by the courts.
On Challenges for Implementing ISO Standards in Software
Authors: Lundell Björn , Gamalielsson Jonas , Katz Andrew
Published: January 2018

Over the years, the importance of open standards has been acknowledged in EU and national policies. Formal (e.g., ISO) standards are often referred to in software development and procurement. Use of formal (ISO) standards and to what extent ISO standards can be implemented in open source software is considered, with particular reference to patent licensing. It is shown that not all formal standards are open standards and that FRAND commitments may impose major challenges for use of such standards. Further policies and procedures set by standards setting organisations (SSOs) regarding the notification of standards-essential patents (SEPs) present challenges for organisations wishing to implement standards in software. This chapter elaborates implications and suggests ways of addressing the challenges identified. Use of formal standards may create barriers for implementation in open source software and inhibit an open and inclusive business-friendly ecosystem.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE TÉCNICAS DE GEOPROCESSAMENTO PARA MAPEAMENTO DE ÁREAS SUSCEPTÍVEIS À INUNDAÇÕES E ALAGAMENTOS NA CIDADE DE FORMOSA - GOIÁS
Authors: Ramalho Lucas De Sousa , Oliveira Elton Souza , Dourado Marcos Vinicius Santos
Published: January 2018

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo mapear, através de técnicas de geoprocessamento, áreas susceptíveis a inundação e alagamento na bacia do córrego Josefa Gomes na cidade de Formosa-GO. No processo foram utilizadas as seguintes variáveis: tipo de solo, uso e cobertura do solo, declividade e altitude do relevo. A informação de solos se refere ao Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico da Região Integrada do Distrito Federal e Entorno - Fase I. A informação de uso e cobertura do solo se refere ao mapa de cobertura e uso do solo do estado de Goiás, o qual foi refinado com base em dados do sensor AVNIR-2 a bordo do satélite ALOS e imagens Google Earth. E a informação de declividade e altitude do relevo foram obtidas a partir da vetorização em tela de uma carta altimétrica na escala 1:25.000 referente à área de estudo. As classes de risco a inundação foram definidas em Baixo – baixíssimo risco, Médio – baixo risco, Médio Risco, Alto – médio risco e Altíssimo – alto risco. De forma geral, a bacia apresenta alto-médio risco (66,26%) e altíssimo risco (31,91%) à inundação e alagamentos. As áreas mais susceptíveis aos processos se concentram nas porções mais rebaixadas do relevo até, aproximadamente, 920 metros de altitude. Entre os principais fatores que favorecem o fenômeno da inundação e alagamento pode-se citar: o processo de urbanização da bacia, a impermeabilidade do solo, baixos valores de declividade, deficiência no sistema de drenagem local, presença de lixo e detritos no canal, obstrução das galerias pluviais, aumento do pico de vazão em decorrência da canalização do córrego, entre outros. A metodologia utilizada nesse estudo se mostrou bastante satisfatória uma vez que conseguiu expor as áreas mais susceptíveis possibilitando seu mapeamento, além de constituir uma metodologia de baixo custo na produção da informação.