bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-Institutional Phase II Study of High-Dose Hypofractionated Proton Beam Therapy in Patients With Localized, Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Hong Theodore S. , Wo Jennifer Y. , Yeap Beow Y. , Ben-Josef Edgar , McDonnell Erin I. , Blaszkowsky Lawrence S. , Kwak Eunice L. , Allen Jill N. , Clark Jeffrey W. , Goyal Lipika , Murphy Janet E. , Javle Milind M. , Wolfgang John A. , Drapek Lorraine C. , Arellano Ronald S. , Mamon Harvey J. , Mullen John T. , Yoon Sam S. , Tanabe Kenneth K. , Ferrone Cristina R. , Ryan David P. , DeLaney Thomas F. , Crane Christopher H. , Zhu Andrew X.
Published: December 2015

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose, hypofractionated proton beam therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).

Materials and Methods

In this single-arm, phase II, multi-institutional study, 92 patients with biopsy-confirmed HCC or ICC, determined to be unresectable by multidisciplinary review, with a Child-Turcotte-Pugh score (CTP) of A or B, ECOG performance status of 0 to 2, no extrahepatic disease, and no prior radiation received 15 fractions of proton therapy to a maximum total dose of 67.5 Gy equivalent. Sample size was calculated to demonstrate > 80% local control (LC) defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.0 criteria at 2 years for HCC patients, with the parallel goal of obtaining acceptable precision for estimating outcomes for ICC.

Results

Eighty-three patients were evaluable: 44 with HCC, 37 with ICC, and two with mixed HCC/ICC. The CTP score was A for 79.5% of patients and B for 15.7%; 4.8% of patients had no cirrhosis. Prior treatment had been given to 31.8% of HCC patients and 61.5% of ICC patients. The median maximum dimension was 5.0 cm (range, 1.9 to 12.0 cm) for HCC patients and 6.0 cm (range, 2.2 to 10.9 cm) for ICC patients. Multiple tumors were present in 27.3% of HCC patients and in 12.8% of ICC patients. Tumor vascular thrombosis was present in 29.5% of HCC patients and in 28.2% of ICC patients. The median dose delivered to both HCC and ICC patients was 58.0 Gy. With a median follow-up among survivors of 19.5 months, the LC rate at 2 years was 94.8% for HCC and 94.1% for ICC. The overall survival rate at 2 years was 63.2% for HCC and 46.5% ICC.

Conclusion

High-dose hypofractionated proton therapy demonstrated high LC rates for HCC and ICC safely, supporting ongoing phase III trials of radiation in HCC and ICC.
Dual-Reporter β-Cell-Specific Male Transgenic Rats for the Analysis of β-Cell Functional Mass and Enrichment by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Ghislain Julien , Fontés Ghislaine , Tremblay Caroline , Kebede Melkam A. , Poitout Vincent
Published: December 2015

Mouse β-cell-specific reporter lines have played a key role in diabetes research. Although the rat provides several advantages, its use has lagged behind the mouse due to the relative paucity of genetic models. In this report we describe the generation and characterization of transgenic rats expressing a Renilla luciferase (RLuc)-enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fusion under control of a 9-kb genomic fragment from the rat ins2 gene (RIP7-RLuc-YFP). Analysis of RLuc luminescence and YFP fluorescence revealed that reporter expression is restricted to β-cells in the adult rat. Physiological characteristics including body weight, fat and lean mass, fasting and fed glucose levels, glucose and insulin tolerance, and β-cell mass were similar between two RIP7-RLuc-YFP lines and wild-type littermates. Glucose-induced insulin secretion in isolated islets was indistinguishable from controls in one of the lines, whereas surprisingly, insulin secretion was defective in the second line. Consequently, subsequent studies were limited to the former line. We asked whether transgene activity was responsive to glucose as shown previously for the ins2 gene. Exposing islets ex vivo to high glucose (16.7 mM) or in vivo infusion of glucose for 24 hours increased luciferase activity in islets, whereas the fraction of YFP-positive β-cells after glucose infusion was unchanged. Finally, we showed that fluorescence-activated cell sorting of YFP-positive islet cells can be used to enrich for β-cells. Overall, this transgenic line will enable for the first time the application of both fluorescence and bioluminescence/luminescence-based approaches for the study of rat β-cells.
Institutionalism and the Social Control of Business
Authors: Rutherford Malcolm
Published: December 2015

Institutional economists have always been critical of the way in which unregulated markets operate. The basic argument is that the institutions of the market that are supposed to control the activities of business have become inadequate to the task because of the development of large-scale production techniques, methods of corporate finance, and salesmanship. Institutionalists do not use the terminology of market failure, and neither do they use the competitive model as a standard, as a way of judging departures from an ideal, but in the many references to the need for new methods for the social control of business it is clear that, in their view, market activity frequently fails to serve the social interest, and that such failures are widespread, in fact endemic to the system of business. This article discusses this literature with particular attention to the work of Thorstein Veblen, Walton Hamilton, J. M. Clark, and K. William Kapp. It is seen that the main lines of the institutionalist critique of markets have been remarkably consistent over time and clearly allow for much room for government intervention, particularly in the form of administrative departments or agencies. Although often optimistic about such administrative solutions, institutionalists have not been unaware of the issues of the “capture” of regulatory agencies and the growing penetration of government by business interests.
Sorting Charles Tiebout
Authors: Singleton John D.
Published: December 2015

A substantial and diverse literature in economics traces its intellectual roots to Charles Tiebout's 1956 article, “The Pure Theory of Local Expenditure.” Its present recognition—frequently attributed to originating the idea of “voting with your feet”—contrasts sharply with its obscurity during Tiebout's academic career, which was tragically cut short by his passing in 1968. Penned as a qualification to Paul Samuelson's “pure theory,” the article failed to influence the stabilization of postwar public good theory despite Tiebout's engagement with key figures in its construction. Moreover, his death preceded the application of its central mechanism to public, urban, and environmental topics via hedonic, sorting, and computational general equilibrium models. Viewed in this way, the history of Tiebout's article, and thereby the history of public economics, has remarkably little to do with Tiebout himself. In consequence, this article seeks to repersonalize and contextualize Tiebout's scientific work. Professionally, Tiebout 1956 reflected its author's lifelong interest in local economies and governance. The social and political context of urban sprawl and political fragmentation that accompanied the rapid growth of metropolitan areas, such as Chicago, Los Angeles, and Seattle, raised novel questions in local public finance for researchers before a knowledge community existed to credit their work. For Tiebout, it stimulated his collaboration with Vincent Ostrom and Robert Warren and later involvement in the interdisciplinary field of regional science.
Tendon development and musculoskeletal assembly: emerging roles for the extracellular matrix
Authors: Subramanian Arul , Schilling Thomas F.
Published: December 2015

Tendons and ligaments are extracellular matrix (ECM)-rich structures that interconnect muscles and bones. Recent work has shown how tendon fibroblasts (tenocytes) interact with muscles via the ECM to establish connectivity and strengthen attachments under tension. Similarly, ECM-dependent interactions between tenocytes and cartilage/bone ensure that tendon-bone attachments form with the appropriate strength for the force required. Recent studies have also established a close lineal relationship between tenocytes and skeletal progenitors, highlighting the fact that defects in signals modulated by the ECM can alter the balance between these fates, as occurs in calcifying tendinopathies associated with aging. The dynamic fine-tuning of tendon ECM composition and assembly thus gives rise to the remarkable characteristics of this unique tissue type. Here, we provide an overview of the functions of the ECM in tendon formation and maturation that attempts to integrate findings from developmental genetics with those of matrix biology.
Decoding the stem cell quiescence cycle – lessons from yeast for regenerative biology
Authors: Dhawan Jyotsna , Laxman Sunil
Published: December 2015

In the past decade, major advances have occurred in the understanding of mammalian stem cell biology, but roadblocks (including gaps in our fundamental understanding) remain in translating this knowledge to regenerative medicine. Interestingly, a close analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae literature leads to an appreciation of how much yeast biology has contributed to the conceptual framework underpinning our understanding of stem cell behavior, to the point where such insights have been internalized into the realm of the known. This Opinion article focuses on one such example, the quiescent adult mammalian stem cell, and examines concepts underlying our understanding of quiescence that can be attributed to studies in yeast. We discuss the metabolic, signaling and gene regulatory events that control entry and exit into quiescence in yeast. These processes and events retain remarkable conservation and conceptual parallels in mammalian systems, and collectively suggest a regulated program beyond the cessation of cell division. We argue that studies in yeast will continue to not only reveal fundamental concepts in quiescence, but also leaven progress in regenerative medicine.
Practice Summary: ChemStation Embarks on a New Approach to Customer Delivery
Authors: Gorman Michael F. , Ball Tony
Published: December 2015

ChemStation, a cleaning-solutions company, recently embarked on a new delivery approach using telemetry to improve its customer inventory information. However, without a change in philosophy within ChemStation, the technology did not deliver the benefits anticipated. We developed a simple heuristic that allows the company to defer deliveries, effectively eliminating many deliveries and improving its economics. The improvement has led to a justification for a more sophisticated programmatic solution method.
ASP, The Art and Science of Practice: Academia-Industry Interfacing in Operations Research in Montréal
Authors: Cabantous Laure , Laporte Gilbert
Published: December 2015

This paper reports on the 40-year experience of academia-industry interfacing in the operations research (OR) field in Montréal. We focus on five spin off companies that academic entrepreneurs from the CIRRELT and the GERAD created between 1976 and 2003: INRO Consultants, GIRO, AD OPT, Omega Optimisation/Planora, and ExPretio. The importance of university spin offs for knowledge transfer is well documented in fields such as biology and nanotechnology; however, few papers have studied university spin offs in OR. Yet, OR has an enormous impact on society, and university spin off firms play a key role in the diffusion of research to the world of practitioners. In this paper, we tell the story of five companies created by academics from two world-renowned OR research centers based in Montréal, and we derive lessons about academia-industry interfacing in the OR field. By so doing, we hope to improve our understanding of the creation of fruitful relationships between academics and OR practitioners.
Book Reviews
Authors: Shen Wenjing
Published: December 2015

In Book Reviews, we review an extensive and diverse range of books. They cover theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems. In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. The editor will be pleased to receive an email from those willing to review a book, with an indication of specific areas of interest. If you are aware of a specific book that you would like to review, or that you think should be reviewed, please contact the editor.

The following books are reviewed in this issue of Interfaces, 45(6), November–December 2015: Stochastic Optimization Methods: Applications in Engineering and Operations Research, Kurt Mardi; The Climate Casino: Risk, Uncertainty, and Economics for a Warming World, William D. Nordhaus.
A note on estimating canopy cover from digital cover and hemispherical photography
Authors: Chianucci Francesco
Published: December 2015

Fast and accurate estimates of canopy cover are central for a wide range of forestry studies. As direct measurements are impractical, indirect optical methods have often been used in forestry to estimate canopy cover. In this paper the accuracy of canopy cover estimates from two widely used canopy photographic methods, hemispherical photography (DHP) and cover photography (DCP) was evaluated. Canopy cover was approximated in DHP as the complement of gap fraction data at narrow viewing zenith angle range (0Â°â15Â°), which was comparable with that of DCP. The methodology was tested using artificial images with known canopy cover; this allowed exploring the influence of actual canopy cover and mean gap size on canopy cover estimation from photography. DCP provided robust estimates of canopy cover, whose accuracy was not influenced by variation in actual canopy cover and mean gap size, based on comparison with artificial images; by contrast, the accuracy of cover estimates from DHP was influenced by both actual canopy cover and mean gap size, because of the lower ability of DHP to detect small gaps within crown. The results were replicated in both DHP and DCP images collected in real forest canopies. Finally, the influence of canopy cover on foliage clumping index and leaf area index was evaluated using a theoretical gap fraction model. The main findings indicate that DCP can overcome the limits of indirect techniques for obtaining unbiased and precise estimates of canopy cover, which are comparable to those obtainable from direct, more labour-intensive techniques, being therefore highly suitable for routine monitoring and inventory purposes.
Evaluation Of Slovak Winter Wheat Quality In Terms Of Puroindoline Genes
Authors: Klčová Lenka , Mikulíková Daniela , Masár Štefan , Žofajová Alžbeta
Published: December 2015

The grain hardness of 100 current and 24 old superior Slovak winter wheat cultivars was studied at molecular level. Using polymerase chain reactions (PCRs), normal and null alleles of both puroindoline Pina and Pinb genes were identified. Three different genotypes were found: 1) normal allele of both genes (dominant wild type with soft endosperm) − Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a; 2) normal allele of the Pina gene and null allele of the Pinb gene – Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b; and 3) null allele of the Pina gene and normal allele of the Pinb gene Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a. No Slovak current as well as old wheat cultivar had together null allele of both puroindoline genes. The frequencies of wild-type Pinb-D1a and null Pinb-D1b allele in current cultivars were 62.0% and 38.0%, respectively, whilst in old cultivars, 8.3% and 91.7%, respectively. Regarding null allele Pina-D1b of puroindoline Pina gene, only in Rheia current cultivar, one was found. All other cultivars had wild-type Pina-D1a allele. Alacris, Alana, Axis, Balada, Blava, Bona Dea, Bruta, Charger, Hana, Ilona, IS Karpatia, Ludwig and Sulamit current cultivars were selected as donors of the null Pinb-D1b allele for molecular breeding in order to improve the grain hardness as important wheat quality trait. Statistically significant correlations between null Pinb-D1b allele and grain size as well as colour were found. In comparison with wild type, cultivars with this null allele have paler and longer grain with higher length-to-width ratio and lighter grain colour.
Human body posture as a source of information about selected diseases
Authors: Długosz Mirosława M. , Kurzydło Wojciech
Published: December 2015

The aim of the study is to present the differences between the human body posture (HBP) of healthy people and those suffering from specific disorders – both those clearly connected with HBP (scoliosis, coxarthrosis) and those seemingly unrelated (e.g. depression). The study was conducted based on the results of photogrammetric measurements of patients standing in a relaxed posture, scanned with a PBE system (Photogrammetrical Body Explorer). Research was conducted over a group of 190 people. Patients were divided into six subgroups based on diagnosed disease entity: coxarthrosis, discopathy, scoliosis, depression, and chronic fatigue syndrome. A control group constituted of 36 healthy volunteers aged 19–29 years, with no identified defects of body posture. To evaluate the differences between the HBP of healthy and sick people, an HBP model based on 29 parameters describing the HBP in three anatomical planes was created. The research showed significant differences in the HBP of healthy and sick people. The results of the analysis indicate that an objective assessment of the HBP can be a source of relevant information on the general health of the patient and may be a useful tool in the diagnosis of selected diseases.
Does surface finishing method can alter the colour of monolithic zirconia restoration?
Authors: Akan Ender , Talha Meşe
Published: December 2015

Monolithic zirconia restorations offer superior mechanic properties and improve indication of non-metallic restorations. Monolithic restorations eliminate bonding and chipping problems mostly seen in zirconia restorations. However, optical properties are insufficient. Colouring or staining is offer possibility to mask the opaque view of restoration. Polishing and glazing are also surface treatment methods for monolithic zirconia. In this study effect of surface treatment methods on final view of zirconia were evaluated. For this purpose 30 monolithic zirconia samples (inCoris TZI, Sirona, Bensheim, Germany) were prepared. The samples were divided into 3 groups: In group A (n=10), glazing was performed using Vita Glaze (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Saeckingen, Germany); In group B (n=10), polishing was performed by using Soflex polishing system (3M-ESPE, Neuss, Germany); in Group C (n=10), polishing and glazing were performed. Before and after the applied the surface treatment methods, colour measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer (Vita EasyShade Advanced, Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Saeckingen, Germany). Data were analysed using paired sample t-test at the p≤0.05 level and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) combined with Tukey's multiple comparison tests. In all groups there were alterations in colour values; however, ΔE< 3.7 and the colour changes were undetectable.
Freiheit als Praxisform
Authors: Volbers Jörg
Published: December 2015

Dewey’s pragmatism and John McDowell’s philosophy of language share central concerns. They defend a naturalistic vision of the mind (“second nature”) and rely on the concept of experience in order to articulate the contact between mind and world. They differ, though, in their understanding of how the human mind can relate spontaneously to itself and to the world. McDowell links this freedom exclusively to language with the consequence of detaching it from any reflexive determination, turning it into an abstract given. Dewey, by contrast, develops a practice-oriented understanding of freedom and understanding as an essentially precarious cultural form. This allows him to incorporate the reflexive dimension of mental operatiwons, of which McDowell takes no account: It makes a practical difference how the human being conceives its own nature and its own mind.
Brief aus Shanghai
Authors: Guhe Eberhard
Published: December 2015

In the present letter from Shanghai the German indologist and logician Eberhard Guhe writes about his situation as an associate professor at Fudan University/ Shanghai. The School of Philosophy, where he teaches Sanskrit, modern logic and Indian philosophy, appears to be an ideal place for him to pursue his interdisciplinary interests in the realm of Indian and modern logic. He is particularly impressed by the students’ commitment to his Sanskrit classes, something which one hardly experiences in Germany anymore. Moreover, he enjoys the international atmosphere at the university, the moderate teaching obligations and the advantage of being largely exempted from administrative agenda.
Edieren, Lesen, Interpretieren, Re-Edieren
Authors: Reitani Luigi
Published: December 2015

In 1978 the editors of Ingeborg Bachmann’s collected works presented, under the title Der Fall Franza, previously unknown materials of an incomplete novel as part of the unfinished literary cycle Todesarten. The novel was immediately interpreted as belonging to gender and postcolonial literature; this raised questions about the criteria of the edition of 1978 and finally led to a new critical and genetic edition of the whole cycle, which appeared in 1995. This new edition dug out further drafts and outlines of the novel and offered a chronological reconstruction of Bachmann’s work, basing on the idea of a consequent poetological project. The article not only examines the two different editions, it also uses them as examples of the hermeneutic circle.
Pfade im editorischen Netz
Authors: Droese Janine , Münzmay Andreas
Published: December 2015

In creating a Hybrid Edition of Justine Favart’s and Adolphe Blaise’s Annette et Lubin, a ‹comédie en vaudevilles› that premiered in Paris at the Comédie-Italienne in early 1762, for the OPERA series, the authors explore new ways of editing opera by means of XML/Edirom technology. In the light of Patrick Sahle’s account of edition as hypertext (chapter „Edition als Hypertext“ in Digitale Editionsformen, 2013), the paper focusses on the ‹timbre› indications inherent to the literary text, proposes an understanding of the ‹timbres› that is quite close to what we know as hyperlinks in the age of hypertext, and discusses, from a firmly pragmatic standpoint, the editors’ handling of what one might regard as abundance of hyperlinks.

Constructing a historical-critical edition implies, of course, all ‘traditional’ tasks of philological groundwork. But beyond this, today, defining the concept of and programming a vast number of digital links are part of an editor’s core activities: editorially controlled representations of connections inherent to the text, both on the philological, and the historical level.
„Schönes Spiel!“
Authors: Gyr Ueli
Published: December 2015

Golfen fordert nicht nur den Spieler, sondern auch den Analytiker im Versuch, den Humor in Golferwitzen zu verstehen. Der Beitrag problematisiert zunächst den realen Spielverlauf und legt damit jene Elemente frei, auf die sich die Witze beziehen, auch mit Einblicken in internationale Aspekte. Inhaltlich überzeichnet werden hier z.B. die Hingabe an Spiel und Regelwerk, die Geschlechterdifferenz, Sexualität sowie Alter, Sterben und Tod. Unter Einbezug der heiteren Golfliteratur lassen die Witze den Golfer als eine tragische Figur erscheinen, die den Ernst des Golfspiels über den Humor abdämpft und erträglich macht. Golf erweist sich so auch als Korrektiv und Möglichkeit, das Leben und die Welt spielerisch zu begreifen.
Development Of Software To Evaluate Roof Fall Risk In Bord And Pillar Method - Depillaring Phase
Authors: Nimaje Devidas S. , Sai Shiva
Published: December 2015

Roof fall is one of the major problems of the bord and pillar coal mines during the depillaring phase. Roof fall not only causes considerable damage to the mining equipment but also to the miners. To keep in view, development of software is essential for the calculation of roof fall risk to reduce the accidents to a certain extent. In this paper, the software has been developed and tested on seam-2, the main panel of RK-5 underground coal mine, Singareni Collieries Company Limited, India and corresponding roof fall risk was calculated. The best combination of the parameters causing roof fall risk was evaluated to reduce the risk.
The Importance Of Proper Evaluation Of The Geological Conditions For The Design Of Industrial Floor Subbase
Authors: Drusa Marián , Vlček Jozef , Bulko Roman , Kais Ladislav
Published: December 2015

Nowadays many problems concerning industrial floors or floors in shopping centres occurred when local geological characterization is not adequately considered by structural designers, material selection is not evaluated properly and in time for future stability, or consolidation of soft organic subsoil laid in active zone is not taken into account during design evaluation. Similar problems occur when flooding effects on subbase layers cause a new settlement of the upper floor structure. Generally speaking, majority of these symptoms of floor damage have their origin in underestimation of the geotechnical risk. At some locations, the selection of support structure and material type is not adequate due to lack of experience and in order to offer the lowest price as a contractor.
GPR55 – a putative “type 3” cannabinoid receptor in inflammation
Authors: Yang Hyewon , Zhou Juan , Lehmann Christian
Published: December 2015

G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) shares numerous cannabinoid ligands with CB1 and CB2 receptors despite low homology with those classical cannabinoid receptors. The pharmacology of GPR55 is not yet fully elucidated; however, GPR55 utilizes a different signaling system and downstream cascade associated with the receptor. Therefore, GPR55 has emerged as a putative “type 3” cannabinoid receptor, establishing a novel class of cannabinoid receptor. Furthermore, the recent evidence of GPR55-CB1 and GPR55-CB2 heteromerization along with its broad distribution from central nervous system to peripheries suggests the importance of GPR55 in various cellular processes and pathologies and as a potential therapeutic target in inflammation.
Die Logik des modernen Krieges und die Unternehmen: Überlegungen zum Ersten Weltkrieg
Authors: Plumpe Werner
Published: December 2015

The First World War was a disaster for German industry but one it could not avoid. Once war had begun, the modern war of supplies developed a fatal dynamic. On the one hand, it destroyed or restricted civilian markets: on the other, it forced companies - as the price for their future existence - into becoming part of, or at least cooperating with the armaments industry in order to secure the reserves which seemed necessary for the return to a peacetime economy. The military and political policy thus cannibalized capitalist mass production without which the war of supplies could not have been waged. In the process they became dependent on the readiness of companies to cooperate and as a result the weight of private interests increased greatly during the war. Research has focused on this aspect for far too long: what appeared to be a kind of profit logic within the war economy was in fact the reflection of a situation in which companies had little choice but to participate in the war economy in order to secure their own future existence. Therefore the war was not driven by the greed for profits but it was the war with all its catastrophic social consequences that pushed the economy and society into ruin. If it had been the decision of business and industry, the war would not have taken place.
Die finanzielle Mobilmachung in Deutschland 1914-1918
Authors: Hardach Gerd
Published: December 2015

The First World War was not only a military conflict but also an economic war. In all belligerent countries, labour and resources were shifted from civil production to military production. Factory workers, miners and farmers produced a steady flow of supplies for the frontlines. Financial mobilization provided the money for arms, ammunition, and other supplies. In contemporary understanding “financial mobilization” comprised all fiscal and monetary instruments that were necessary to finance the war. The aim of this paper is to discuss the interaction between the government and the central bank in Germany in financing the First World War. Aspects include the pre-war plans for financial mobilization, the fiscal and monetary policies of the war years and their inflationary consequences, the financing of foreign trade and financial demobilization during the transition from war to peace.
Energie für den Krieg. Schweizer Unternehmen als Zulieferer und Produzenten in der deutschen Stickstoffwirtschaft während des Ersten Weltkriegs
Authors: Fehr Sandro
Published: December 2015

The supply of the dual-use resource nitrogen became an existential problem for Germany during World War I. This article discusses how the German war economy attempted to solve the supply problem and how successful it was in doing so. The supply of nitrogen from their neutral neighbour Switzerland is discussed in order to show that Swiss companies produced nitrogen compounds in Switzerland itself, while at the same time also exporting intermediate products and resources to Germany for the manufacture of nitrogen compounds. Swiss companies also built factories on German soil that were part of the German nitrogen industry and were in some cases even operated with Swiss resources and labour.
Opportunities and Constraints to Rural HAZMAT Risk Reduction
Authors: Thompson Courtney M. , Frazier Tim G. , Vachon Michele D.
Published: December 2015

The successful implementation of a hazardous materials (HAZMAT) emergency response plan aimed at risk reduction varies by jurisdiction. Rural communities often face challenges in HAZMAT planning and training due to lower economic vitality that is often a result of fewer economic resources, a lack of knowledge of HAZMAT risk/response training, and data collection limitations. In order to identify opportunities and constraints in HAZMAT planning in rural communities, this paper presents a case study of HAZMAT transportation in North Central in Idaho. Researchers collected and analyzed HAZMAT transportation data to provide a basis for planning and implementation of mitigation measures that help reduce the risks of HAZMAT in rural areas. An interview with the Director of the board of Regional Emergency Managers was conducted to determine the utility of the study for local HAZMAT planning. This study also informs responders about the types of HAZMAT that are transported throughout the region. This information can be used to develop hazard-specific preparedness activities particular to the region, such as training, equipment selection and future grant opportunities. This study also contributes to the limited body of literature that examines challenges rural communities face in HAZMAT risk assessments and risk reduction response planning.
The role of Public Service Motivation and Organizational Culture for Organizational Commitment
Authors: Austen Agata , Zacny Bogna
Published: December 2015

The aim of the our paper is to discuss the relationships between organizational culture, Public Service Motivation (PSM) and organizational commitment (OC). On the basis of literature review we formulated hypotheses presenting potential relationships between mentioned constructs. We propose that there is a mutual influence between PSM and organizational culture and that organizational culture moderates the influence of Public Service Motivation on organizational commitment. Due to the presence of variables on different levels of analysis, we also discuss some issues of multilevel approach.
The Impact of Demographic Changes on the Organization of Emergency Medical Services: the Case of Slovenia
Authors: Jaklič Tatjana Kitić , Kovač Jure
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose: The modern environment requires that organizations (profit and non-profit) continually harmonize their organizational models with changes in their respective environments and with their own visions and strategies for further development. The organizational structure of Emergency Medical Services (hereinafter EMS) is currently a very topical issue in Slovenia, given that a project to establish a new organization of EMS is currently underway at the national level. By examining the case of one region in Slovenia, this article presents an analysis of factors that impact on the number and types of EMS activities and depicts a forecast of future trends for the requirement of EMS. The analysis presents the initial phase of a strategic planning process for the mentioned activity and consequently, a starting point for the formation of an organizational EMS model.

Methodology: This article presents an analysis of factors that impact on the formulation of an EMS model on the basis of research carried out for one geographical region of Slovenia. For the previous period, data was collected from 2002 to 2014. The software tool used for the analysis was STATA 13.0. For the purpose of forecasting a five-year period trend we used statistical package RStudio and Hyndman’s Forecast package given that this package contains algorithms for forecasting univariate time series including exponential smoothing using automated spatial models and ARIMA modelling.

Results: The research has confirmed a correlation between social/environmental factors and the rate of increase in the demand for EMS. A population’s age structure has been identified as the key social factor that increases the need for EMS. On the basis of this finding, this article presents a model for forecasting growth trends in the scope of EMS activities.

Conclusion: The research study has identified some important elements that are imperative to take into consideration when formulating an EMS network at the prehospital level. Population ageing has emerged as a key social factor. In the accordance with forecasted trends, an increase in the burden placed on EMS activities may also be anticipated in the future.
Employability of Nursing Care Graduates
Authors: Donik Barbara , Pajnkihar Majda , Bernik Mojca
Published: December 2015

Starting points: In Slovenia, the higher education institution for nursing started exploring employability opportunities in nursing care in connection with the achievement of competencies from students’ and employers’ point of view. This article highlights the importance of monitoring nursing graduates’ employability. Its aim is to examine the employability of nursing care graduates based on the self-evaluation of competences obtained during the last study year and to establish a link between the self-evaluation of competences and students’ academic performance.

Methodology: A questionnaire was distributed to full and part time nursing care students attending the last study year at five different healthcare/health sciences faculties in Slovenia and to employers (healthcare institutions) where the majority of nursing care graduates finds employment. We examined the level of competence achieved by nursing students and the level of competences required by employers. The sample included a total of 485 students. 194 surveys were returned, which represent a 40 percent response. We used Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for each individual joined competence. Further, we compared employability skills of students and employers with Mann-Whitney and Wilcox rank-sum test. For correlation between two variables we used Spearman correlation analysis.

Results: The Mann-Whitney and Wilkson Rank test show that employers generally assess competences with a higher average grade in comparison to students and these differences are statistically significant. By applying the Spearman correlation analysis, we established that a statistically significant weak correlation may be observed between the “average grade” and “competences” variables.

Discussion and conclusion: Our findings show that a continuous monitoring of general and subject-specific competences gained by students, along with a periodic verification of competences demanded by employers, is necessary. It is very important to monitor the requirements of the labour market in terms of ongoing communication with employers who can best estimate special knowledge needs.
Die Rolle der Humanwissenschaften in der modernen Gesellschaft
Authors: Tschubarjan Alexander
Published: December 2015

The humanities are seen as an essential component of the spiritual education of the younger generation and as a factor of ethical and moral values formation in society in terms of world and national history. Russian society widely discusses the importance of the humanities for civil society evolution as well as for analysis of the processes of national and cultural identity formation among Russian citizens and citizens of the other countries. Despite the fact that public interest in humanitarian issues is increasing apparently, it is clear that the measures taken to support the humanities are not sufficient. Russian scholars in the humanities need more funding for research and educational programs.
Allgemeine Entwicklungszüge der führenden europäischen Sprachen im Zeitalter der Globalisierung
Authors: Kirilina Alla
Published: December 2015

The article deals critically with some common features of leading (communicative strong) European languages: the influence of global English and the languages of migrants, the rising language reflection in the academic society and beyond; the new conceptions of language, the activation and politicization of the discussion of universalists and linguodeterminists. Some proposals for the cultivation of European languages are formulated.
Die Rolle der Geisteswissenschaften bei der Bildung von Kompetenzen im 21. Jahrhundert
Authors: Zabotkina Vera
Published: December 2015

The paper argues for the importance of intercultural competence and ability to conduct dialogue as the most demanded skills in the 21st century society. It lies within the framework of an interdisciplinary model of generation and transfer of knowledge. Special emphasis is on the theory of dialogism by Michail Bakhtin and the polyparadigmatic approach to the analysis of culture and society introduced by Jurij S. Stepanov. The overlap of two conceptual (cultural) world-views is analyzed as the basis for successful contact of two cultures.
Kommunikationstheorie und soziale Praktiken
Authors: Tjupa Valerij
Published: December 2015

Kommunikation ist ein sozialer Vorgang an sich und stellt nicht dessen informative Bedienung dar. Überdies ist jeder soziale Vorgang kommunikativ in seiner Natur. Er ist einer diskursiven Analyse zugänglich, die auf die Identifizierung der kommunikativen Vorgehensweise sozialer Subjekte gerichtet ist.
Peritropis waclawi, a new species of Cylapinae from Namibia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae)
Authors: Gorczyca Jacek
Published: December 2015

Peritropis waclawi a new species of Cylapinae is described on the basis of a single specimen collected in Namibia. The dorsal habitus of the new species is illustrated.
Wojciechaphis andrei gen. et sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Aphidomorpha, Drepanosiphidae, Phyllaphidinae), a new aphid genus from Baltic amber
Authors: Wegierek Piotr , Kania Iwona , Zmarzły Marzena
Published: December 2015

Here we describe a new aphid genus and species Wojciechaphis andrei gen. et sp. nov. belonging to the extant family Drepanosiphidae, also known from Baltic amber (Eocene). The first adult apterous viviparous female of Mengeaphis glandulosa (Menge, 1856) is described too.
An annotated checklist of the Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidomorpha) of Poland
Authors: Wojciechowski Wacław , Depa Łukasz , Kanturski Mariusz , Wegierek Piotr , Wieczorek Karina
Published: December 2015

The paper presents a comprehensive compilation of 764 taxa (species and subspecies), distributed over 167 genera, belonging to 17 subfamilies, three families and three superfamilies of Aphidomorpha recorded to date from Poland. The systematic positions of 19 taxa have been revised in accordance with recent changes in nomenclature. The presence in the Polish aphidofauna of Drepanosiphum oregonensis and Coloradoa huculaki, previously included without any distribution data in checklists of Polish aphids, has been confirmed. One species Sitobion (Sitobion) alopecuri is recognized as being new to Poland. At least 44 species (6% of local fauna of Aphidomorpha) are alien to Poland; among them 11 species collected from plants imported or cultivated in indoor conditions are listed.
I nomi dell’amore: Un’indagine sulla traduzione latina del Commento al Cantico dei Cantici di Origene
Authors: Limone Vito
Published: December 2015

The aim of this paper is to compare the Greek fragments of Origen’s Commentary on the Song of Songs and the Latin translation by Rufinus. In particular, in Commentarius in Canticum Canticorum, prol. 2,20 the Latin text lists four names of the love: amor and cupido with regard to the physical love, and dilectio and caritas with regard to the spiritual love. In Greek fragments there are only “agape” with regard to the spiritual love and “eros” with regard to the physical love. Then, this paper aims to compare the Greek language through which Origen expresses the love in the fragments with the Latin language in which Rufinus translates Origen’s original text, so Rufinus seems to have complicated the original Greek text of Origen. Moreover, the paper lists also other important words through which Origen expresses the love in the fragments, i.e. “philia” and “philanthropia.”
Effects of 5 Weeks of Bench Press Training on Muscle Synergies: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Kristiansen Mathias , Samani Afshin , Madeleine Pascal , Hansen Ernst A.
Published: December 2015

Kristiansen, M, Samani, A, Madeleine, P, and Hansen, EA. Effects of 5 weeks of bench press training on muscle synergies: A randomized controlled study. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1948–1959, 2016—The ability to perform forceful muscle contractions has important implications in sports performance and in activities of daily living. However, there is a lack of knowledge on adaptations in intermuscular coordination after strength training. The purpose of this study was therefore to assess muscle synergies before and after 5 weeks of bench press training. Thirty untrained male subjects were randomly allocated to a training group (TRA) or a control group (CON). After the pretest, TRA completed 5 weeks of bench press training, before completing a posttest, whereas subjects in CON continued their normal life. During test sessions, surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from 13 different muscles. Muscle synergies were extracted from EMG data using nonnegative matrix factorization. To evaluate differences between pretest and posttest, we performed a cross-correlation analysis and a cross-validation analysis, in which the synergy components extracted in the pretest session were recomputed, using the fixed synergy components from the posttest session. Two muscle synergies accounted for >90% of the total variance and reflected the concentric and eccentric phase, respectively. TRA significantly increased 3 repetition maximum in bench press with 19.0% (25th; 75th percentile, 10.3%; 21.7%) (p < 0.001), whereas no change occurred in CON. No significant differences were observed in synergy components between groups. However, decreases in correlation values for intragroup comparisons in TRA may suggest that the synergy components changed, whereas this was not the case in CON. Strength and conditioning professionals may consider monitoring changes in muscle synergies in training and rehabilitation programs as a way to benchmark changes in intermuscular coordination.
The Effect of Compression Stockings on Physiological and Psychological Responses after 5-km Performance in Recreationally Active Females
Authors: Treseler Christine , Bixby Walter R. , Nepocatych Svetlana
Published: December 2015

Treseler, C, Bixby, WR, and Nepocatych, S. The effect of compression stockings on physiological and psychological responses after 5-Km performance in recreationally active females.J Strength Cond Res30(7): 1985–1991, 2016—The purpose of the study was to examine the physiological and perceptual responses to wearing below-the-knee compression stockings (CS) after a 5-km running performance in recreationally active women. Nineteen women were recruited to participate in the study (20 ± 1 year, 61.4 ± 5.3 kg, 22.6 ± 3.9% body fat). Each participant completed two 5-km performance time trials with CS or regular socks in a counterbalanced order separated by 1 week. For each session, 5-km time, heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), pain pressure threshold, muscle soreness (MS), and rate of perceived recovery were measured. There was no significant difference in average 5-km times between CS and regular socks (p= 0.74) and HR response (p= 0.42). However, significantly higher RPE and lower gain scores (%) for lower extremity MS but not for calf were observed with CS when compared with regular socks (p= 0.05,p= 0.01, andp= 0.3, respectively). Based on the results of this study, there were no significant improvements in average 5-km running time, heart rate, or perceived calf MS. However, participants perceived less MS in lower extremities and working harder with CS compared with regular socks. Compression stockings may not cause significant physiological improvements; however, there might be psychological benefits positively affecting postexercise recovery.
X-chromosome gene dosage as a determinant of impaired pre and postnatal growth and adult height in Turner syndrome
Authors: Fiot Elodie , Zenaty Delphine , Boizeau Priscilla , Haigneré Jeremy , Dos Santos Sophie , Léger Juliane , _ _
Published: December 2015

Objective

Short stature is a key aspect of the phenotype of patients with Turner syndrome (TS). SHOX haploinsufficiency is responsible for about two-thirds of the height deficit. The aim was to investigate the effect of X-chromosome gene dosage on anthropometric parameters at birth, spontaneous height, and adult height (AH) after growth hormone (GH) treatment.

Design

We conducted a national observational multicenter study.

Methods

Birth parameter SDS for gestational age, height, and AH before and after GH treatment respectively, and height deficit with respect to target height (SDS) were classified by karyotype subgroup in a cohort of 1501 patients with TS: 45,X (36%), isoXq (19%), 45,X/46,XX (15%), XrX (7%), presence of Y (6%), or other karyotypes (17%).

Results

Birth weight, length (P<0.0001), and head circumference (P<0.001), height and height deficit with respect to target height (SDS) before GH treatment, at a median age of 8.8 (5.3–11.8) years and after adjustment for age and correction for multiple testing (P<0.0001), and AH deficit with respect to target height at a median age of 19.3 (18.0–21.8) years and with additional adjustment for dose and duration of GH treatment (P=0.006), were significantly associated with karyotype subgroup. Growth retardation tended to be more severe in patients with XrX, isoXq, and, to a lesser extent, 45,X karyotypes than in patients with 45,X/46,XX karyotypes or a Y chromosome.

Conclusion

These data suggest that haploinsufficiency for an unknown Xp gene increases the risk of fetal and postnatal growth deficit and short AH with respect to target height after GH therapy.
Derechos Humanos y violencia en Colombia: revisión al estado del arte
Authors: Cotrino Poveda Jin Anthony , Cotte Poveda Alexander
Published: December 2015

El presente artículo explora la forma como se abordan desde distintas perspectivas los nexos que existen entre los Derechos Humanos de la primera generación y los elevados índices de violencia que se observan en Colombia. Se explora la idea según la cual las acciones en contra de los Derechos Humanos repercuten en la frecuencia y la acumulación de hechos violentos en un territorio, dando como resultado una interacción entre el crecimiento de la inestabilidad política y la inestabilidad social. Esto repercute en el tejido social y la cohesión de los grupos, lo cual genera violencia. El trabajo indica que la probabilidad de seguir siendo violentos en Colombia es alta, ante lo cual, medidas de política social encaminadas a reducir la exclusión social y la pobreza tendrían mayores efectos que las medidas de política económica.