bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Restructuring Education in Montserrat and St. Kitts
Authors: Fergus Howard A.
Published: February 2021

One of the common threads which run through the reading and rhetoric on education in the English-speaking Caribbean over the last twelve years is the need to structurally relate the education of the region to its socioeconomic goals. The assumption that education does in fact promote socio-economic development has become highly questionable. This paper is proposing that the translation of perceived national priorities into educational programmes and the implementation of the latter are much more problematic than is usually recognized.
Las oportunidades de la Renta Básica en América latina frente a la pandemia del COVID-19: vulnerabilidad social y bloqueos estructurales
Authors: Filgueira Fernando , Lo Vuolo Rubén M.
Published: February 2021

Frente a la pandemia del COVID19, los gobiernos de América Latina han tomado medidas que tienen y tendrán un profundo impacto económico y social. Si bien muchas de estas medidas mitigan parte del costo inmedia- to de la pandemia y de las estrategias epidemiológicas para su contención, las mismas pueden terminar potenciando las vulnerabilidades de la estructura social y los déficits de los sistemas de protección social. En este escenario se observa el crecimiento del debate de propuestas como el ingreso ciudadano o renta básica. Pese a que sería deseable su implementación, no hay muchas posibilidades en el corto plazo porque la misma depende de cambios en la percepción de las elites, de la inversión para superar los déficits estructurales en la provisión de bienes públicos y de la transformación de las concepciones que sostiene a las actuales políticas de transferencias monetarias focalizadas y condicionadas.
Racismo en Cuba: crítica a sus críticos
Authors: Manzanares-Blanco Noel
Published: February 2021

A modo de Ensayo, se presenta el resultado de una investigación-acción con el objetivo de contribuir al esclarecimiento de la dinámica de la Revolución Cubana respecto al Racismo a partir de 1959. Particularmente, en seis actos se resalta el contrapunteo con artistas destacados, docentes/investigadores, analistas políticos y activistas contra formas de discriminación social; y queda advertido lo divulgado por el autor desde 2011 en las webs españolas Kaos en la Red y Cubainformación, y su intercambio con colegas y estudiantes. En el contenido sobresale que lo que constituye una aspiración de Naciones Unidas es dinámica perceptible en Cuba, a pesar de que nos queda mucho por hacer –aval para la crítica que ejerzo–. Inicialmente, el esbozo de este título se exhibió en el “VI Encuentro Aponte In Memoriam/2017” efectuado en la ciudad de Camagüey, Cuba.
Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research
Authors: Golafshani Nahid
Published: February 2021

The use of reliability and validity are common in quantitative research and now it is reconsidered in the qualitative research paradigm. Since reliability and validity are rooted in positivist perspective then they should be redefined for their use in a naturalistic approach. Like reliability and validity as used in quantitative research are providing springboard to examine what these two terms mean in the qualitative research paradigm, triangulation as used in quantitative research to test the reliability and validity can also illuminate some ways to test or maximize the validity and reliability of a qualitative study. Therefore, reliability, validity and triangulation, if they are relevant research concepts, particularly from a qualitative point of view, have to be redefined in order to reflect the multiple ways of establishing truth.
Memories in Context via Cyber Reminiscing: The Case of Marilyn Monroe
Authors: Low Kevin
Published: February 2021

This paper attempts to extend the various existing lieux de memoire available hitherto in the perpetuation and (re)construction of social memory by looking at the cyber landscape. Marilyn Monroe as an icon of American popular culture and thus of popular memory in this context, is explored, by looking at various select websites designed in commemoration of her stardom. Within this investigation, I also invoke the link between the production of social memory, with frames of remembrance and collective memory that therefore indicates memory as indubitably, a social phenomenon. The value of cyber reminiscing is also addressed briefly, by exploring how the cyber landscape offers as an additional outlet for the perpetuation and maintenance of fan discourse. A short section that ruminates upon the Internet as an entity of postmodernity with regards to the presentation of knowledge and information is also submitted.
Practice Approaches and the Ethnography of Communication: Investigating for the Possibility of a Mutually Beneficial Relationship
Authors: Berry Keith
Published: February 2021

In this essay, I explore the areas of accord and discord between two efficacious modes of research: practice approaches and the Ethnography of Communication (EOC). As an interpersonal and intercultural scholar, I carefully analyze these approaches in order to find innovative ways to describe the diversity that I see in modern social interaction. Working against paradigms that suggest using either one approach or another, I engage this project hoping (expecting?) to find and/both alternatives for communication study. I argue that, in spite of their differences, practice and EOC traditions co-exist in a mutually beneficial relationship for the study of communication in 2002.
Children's Experience of Loneliness at School and its Relation to Bullying and the Quality of Teacher Interventions
Authors: Berguno George , Leroux Penny , McAinsh Katayoun , Shaikh Sabera
Published: February 2021

Forty-two children aged between 8 and 10 years were interviewed about their experience of loneliness at primary school. The children were further asked to describe their experiences of being bullied, as well as to comment on their perception of the consequences of particular teacher interventions. It was found that a majority of children (80%) had periods of being lonely at school and that these experiences were associated with boredom, inactivity, a tendency to withdraw into fantasy, and a passive attitude towards social interactions. Moreover, children who invested in very few friendships were more vulnerable to becoming isolated. Similarly, a majority of children (68%) claimed to have been bullied, with lonely children being more likely to be victimized by peers. Furthermore, children reported that teacher interventions were on the whole not effective in bringing an end to their victimization experiences. Thus, the findings indicated that both bullying and particular kinds of teacher interventions were contributing factors to children’s prolonged sense of loneliness at school. A developmental model of the interrelationship of these three variables is proposed and discussed.
Provisions of Trustworthiness in Critical Narrative Research: Bridging Intersubjectivity and Fidelity
Authors: Moss Glenda
Published: February 2021

This paper is a reflective-reflexive examination of provisions of trustworthiness in critical narrative research. The author presents her understanding of provisions of trustworthiness as a science and as an art, and blurs these boundaries as she acknowledges their tension in practice. She weaves between theory and her experience in two studies first the study of the Texas-Spain Visiting Teachers Program and secondly the study of Amish culture and education where the author felt a deep sense of responsibility that she maintain trustworthiness. This paper examines the provisions of trustworthiness as evidence of research accountability and shared responsibility and brings to the forefront an intersubjective understanding of fidelity that emerged through understanding participants struggles, seeing researcher as a co-struggler for cultural-political identity, and recognizing the role of politics in the work of action research for democratic education. In short, the author presents an intersubjective understanding of fidelity issues within multiple identities.
Rethinking Validity in Qualitative Research from a Social Constructionist Perspective: From Is this Valid Research? To What Is this Research Valid for?
Authors: Aguinaldo Jeffrey
Published: February 2021

This article theorizes the issue of validity that is premised upon social constructionist assumptions, particularly as it is applied to the assessment of qualitative research. As a social construction, validity must thus be interrogated for its discursive function within the social sciences. I will argue that, as a criterion of assessment, validity polices the social science enterprise and thus, functions as a practice of power through the de/legitimation of social knowledge, research practice, and experiential possibilities. This critique will lead into a reformulation of validity that actively recognizes and negotiates its practice of power. Within this reformulation, research findings are conceptualized as representations and should be scrutinized for their realist, critical, deconstructive, and reflexive narrative function. Put simply, assessing qualitative research entails multiple and contradictory readings of its representational failures and successes. Therefore, validity is no longer conceived as a determination (i.e., is valid versus is not valid) but a continual process of interrogation. This new framework will be applied to my Masters thesis research that explored domestic violence and relationship abuse among gay males. Implications for research practice are discussed.
Ortaöğretim Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Ders Kitaplarında Yer Alan Tiyatro Metinlerinin Değerler Eğitimi Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: CEYHUN Yasemin
Published: February 2021

Bu çalışmada; “Türk Millî Eğitiminin Genel Amaçları, On Sekizinci Millî Eğitim Şûrası Kararları ve 2018-Ortaöğretim Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Dersi Öğretim Programı” esas alınarak oluşturulan “Değerler Listesi”nden hareketle 9, 10, 11 ve 12. sınıf Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı ders kitaplarında yer alan tiyatro metinleri, değerler eğitimi açısından incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı; “Değerler Listesi”nde yer alan değerlere, incelen tiyatro metinlerinde yer verilip verilmediği tespit etmek, bu değerlerin ne şekilde ve ne sıklıkta işlendiğini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada, betimsel araştırma yöntemlerinden genel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. İncelemesi yapılan “Ocak (9), Buzlar Çözülmeden, Fatih, Hastalık Hastası, Karagöz Çevre Canavarı, Ocak (10), Orta Oyunu-Çeşme, Kibarlık Budalası, IV. Murat, Münevver’in Hasbıhali, Bir Adam Yaratmak, Jan Dark, Fehim Paşa Konağı, Hürrem Sultan, Keşanlı Ali Destanı” adlı 15 tiyatro metninde, toplam 392 tane değer ifadesi tespit edilmiştir. Metinlerde saygı ve hoşgörü değeri (27) en fazla tespit edilen değerdir. Sayıca aralarında eşitlik bulunan misafirperverlik (2), özür dileme (2) ve sabırlı olma (2) değerleri ise en az tespit edilen değerlerdir. Yapılan inceleme sonucunda her metinde tüm değerlerle ait veri bulunmasa da “Değerler Listesi”nde yer alan 44 değeri az da olsa örneklendiren ifadelerin tespit edilmesi Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı dersi açısından yeterli sayılmıştır.
Intestinal Strictures Post-Necrotising Enterocolitis: Clinical Profile and Risk Factors
Authors: Phad Nilkant , Trivedi Amit , Todd David , Lakkundi Anil
Published: February 2021

Background: Intestinal stricture is an important complication of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). We aimed to describe clinical profile and identify the risk factors for post-NEC intestinal strictures.Method: A retrospective study of infants with NEC over 10 year period.Results: Of the 61 infants with NEC, 18 (29.5%) developed intestinal strictures. Leucocytosis and longer length of bowel resection during acute stage of NEC was associated with a later diagnosis of intestinal stricture. Infants with NEC who did not develop stricture had non-specific intestinal dilatation on abdominal x-ray during acute NEC. Intestinal strictures were diagnosed at a median interval of 34 days after NEC. Majority of strictures (67%) occurred in the colon. A significant proportion (77%) of infants with intestinal stricture had associated co-morbidities. No mortality occurred in infants with intestinal strictures.Conclusion: The incidence of post-NEC intestinal stricture is high but development of stricture is difficult to predict. Leucocytosis during NEC and length of bowel resected at surgery may be associated with development of post-NEC intestinal stricture. A substantial number of infants with post-NEC intestinal stricture fail to thrive, have co-morbidities and need prolonged hospitalisation.
NEC in Twin Pregnancies: Incidence and Outcomes
Authors: Burjonrappa Sathyaprasad C , Shea Brian , Goorah Diya
Published: February 2021

Background: Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency in neonates. Previously established risk factors for the development of NEC include prematurity and low birth weight. However, it is not clear to date as to whether the etiology of NEC is due to host, environmental, or yet other unknown factors. We analyzed the differences in incidence of NEC in twin pregnancies to further clarify its etio-pathogenesis.Methods: After IRB approval, a retrospective search of the medical records of the Department of Pediatric Surgery was done to identify all the neonates treated for surgical NEC from 2006-2013. Patients that had been treated for NEC elsewhere and subsequently transferred in to our facility were excluded. The medical records of the resulting 45 patients were then analyzed for demographics, antenatal screening, risk factors, treatment (medical and surgical), and outcomes. The resulting data was then analyzed using relative risk calculations and standard statistical tests.Results: Of the 45 patients who developed surgical NEC, 9 neonates (20%) were born of a twin pregnancy. There were no cases in which both twin A and twin B developed NEC. NEC in twin pregnancy neonates showed a female preponderance (p<0.0001) and developed universally in the first born of the twins. Birth weight, time of onset of NEC, hospital stay and mortality were similar between twin and non-twin NEC. There was an average lead-time of three weeks to development of NEC in both singletons and twin pregnancies.Conclusion: There is a remarkable higher incidence of NEC amongst twins. Abnormal colonization of the gastrointestinal tract appears to be an immediate postpartum event. NEC in twin pregnancy does not appear to have a deleterious outcome compared to NEC in singleton pregnancy.
Pseudocyst and a Collar Stud Abscess: New Face of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Kumar Hemant , Patel Ramnik , Patwardhan Nitin , More Bharat
Published: February 2021

Meconium pseudocyst formation secondary to antenatal perforation is well described. We present a preterm infant who had intra-abdominal pseudocyst formation following postnatal intestinal perforation secondary to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and secondarily leading to extra-abdominal collar stud abscess. This is new face of NEC and this presentation has not been reported earlier.
Bilateral Maxillo-Mandibular Syngnathia in a Newborn
Authors: ELMADI A , Khattala K , Rami M , Bouabdallah Y
Published: February 2021

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Mesoplasty with Pedanculated Seromuscular Flap in Type IIIb Jejuno-ileal Atresia
Authors: Mohammadipoor Ahmad , Fatahi Nasrin , Malekmarzban Azin
Published: February 2021

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Pneumoperitoneum without Gastrointestinal Perforation in a Neonate with Esophageal Atresia
Authors: Saha Manoj
Published: February 2021

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The Impact of Surgery on the Developmental Status of Late Preterm Infants – A Cohort Study
Authors: Trivedi Amit , Walker Karen , Loughran-Fowlds Alison , Halliday Robert , Holland Andrew , Badawi Nadia
Published: February 2021

Aims: Despite increasing evidence in the literature regarding the impact of late prematurity on subsequent developmental impairment, the developmental outcome of late preterm infants who undergo major surgery remains unclear. The aim of this study therefore was to determine the developmental outcome for a cohort of late preterm surgical population.Methods: Late preterm infants with a gestational age from 34-36 weeks inclusive who were enrolled in the state-wide prospective Development After Infant Surgery (DAISy) study and who had undergone non-cardiac major surgery within the first ninety days of life were eligible for inclusion. Infants were assessed at one and three years of ages.Results: Forty-six infants were enrolled in the study, of which 38 infants had a complete developmental assessment at one year of age. Of these infants, late preterm infants scored significantly lower than the standardized norms of the assessment on the expressive language and gross motor subscales. At three years of age 26 infants were reassessed: late preterm infants who underwent major surgery only scored significantly lower than the standardized norms on the cognitive subscale (p<0.001).Conclusions: These data provide the evidence that late preterm infants who undergo major non-cardiac surgery are at risk of developmental impairment and consideration should be given to enrolling this cohort in multi-disciplinary developmental follow-up clinics.
Neonatal Appendicitis (Part 1): A Review of 52 cases with Abdominal Manifestation
Authors: Raveenthiran V
Published: February 2021

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Primary Neonatal Diaphragmatic Abscess
Authors: Zouari Mohamed , Jallouli Mohamed , Ben Thabet Afef , Ben Dhaou Mahdi , Gargouri Abdellatif , Mhiri Riadh
Published: February 2021

Neonatal diaphragmatic abscesses are extremely rare and they usually develop by direct extension from a liver abscess. The first case of primary diaphragmatic abscess in a neonate is reported and the difficulties of diagnosing this rare entity are discussed.
Displacement of Small bowel into the Lesser Sac in a Case of Complete Congenital Pouch Colon
Authors: Mirza Bilal , Saleem Muhammad
Published: February 2021

Postoperative neonatal intestinal obstruction has a myriad of etiology. An operated case of imperforate anus developed intestinal obstruction early postoperatively. At re-operation, missed complete congenital pouch colon with a small perforation and displacement of small bowel into the lesser sac were found. The patient was managed by adhesionolysis, excision of pouch colon, and end ileostomy. The patient did well postoperatively.
Anorectal Malformations (Part 1)
Authors: Bhatnagar Sushmita
Published: February 2021

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Congenital Pouch Colon with Double Meckel’s Diverticulum in a Patient with Persistent Cloaca
Authors: Shinde Nand Kishor , Jhanwar Praveen , Pant Nitin , Choudhury Subhasis Roy , Chadha Rajiv
Published: February 2021

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Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Infants with Gastroschisis at One-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Gupta Vishal , Trivedi Amit , Walker Karen , Holland Andrew JA
Published: February 2021

Objective: Gastroschisis is a congenital malformation of the abdominal wall and may be associated with significant neonatal mortality and morbidity. The primary objective of this study was to describe the neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonates with this condition.Methods: Medical records of all neonates admitted with a diagnosis of gastroschisis to a tertiary surgical unit from October 2006 to August 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic and clinical variables were collated along with developmental assessment results at one-year follow-up. Developmental assessment results were compared with case matched healthy control neonates of similar gestational age and birth weight.Results: Of 20 patients in the study, 16 had simple and four had complex gastroschisis. Mean birth weight was 2.29 kg with a mean gestational age of 35.7 weeks. The majority of neonates underwent primary surgical repair, while 15% had a silo followed by surgical repair. Neonates with gastroschisis did not significantly differ from the control group in neurodevelopmental outcomes. Receptive and expressive language delay was found in gastroschisis is attributable to small for gestational age rather than the malformation per se.Conclusions: These data suggest that neurodevelopmental outcomes at one year of age in children with gastroschisis were associated with being small for gestational age rather than the malformation.
Neonatal Tracheostomy – Issues and Solutions
Authors: Saadia A , Prasad GR
Published: February 2021

AIMS: To record and analyse the technical aspects of neonatal tracheostomy and to suggest some solutions.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective observational cohort of 37 cases of neonatal tracheostomies performed over 30 years (1985-2014).Results: Thirty-three of the 37 tracheostomies were done as an elective procedure and four done emergently. Eighteen neonatal tracheostomies were done with a low transverse cervical incision and 19 were done with low vertical cervical incision. Three patients had bleeding while exposing the trachea. Trachea could not easily be identified in 2 cases. Commercial tracheostomy tubes were used in only 20 cases. In 17 patients, the conventional endotracheal tubes 2.5 or 3fr size were used. There were 3 instances of wound infection out of which one has peri-tracheostomy necrotizing cellulitis and the neonate succumbed to sepsis. Two cases had surgical emphysema. No case had pneumothorax.Conclusion: We described tracheostomy in neonates in a resource constrained centre. Various makeshift arrangements can be used in absence of standard supplies.
Congenital Granular Cell Tumor – A Rare Entity
Authors: Yuwanati Monal , Mhaske Shubhangi , Mhaske Ashok
Published: February 2021

Congenital granular cell tumor is a rare benign neoplastic growth affecting the gingival mucosa of neonates. Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis has recently come to focus and in spite of several reports on immune-histochemical and other advanced marker studies, the cause and origin of the lesion remains debatable till date. Review of literature on prenatal diagnosis and histopathology along with immunohistochemistry is discussed.
The EXIT for Prenatally Diagnosed Cervical Cystic Teratoma: A Case Report
Authors: Cansaran Sabri , Cerrah Celayir Ayşenur , Moralıoğlu Serdar , Ayvacı Habibe , Tuğrul Semih , Ovalı Fahri , Çetiner Handan
Published: February 2021

The Ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) is a procedure performed during caesarean section while on fetal-placental circulation. We present a prenatally diagnosed cervical cystic mass causing tracheal compression which was managed successfully with the EXIT procedure.
When there is Confusion and Conflicts - Ask Delphi!
Authors: Raveenthiran Venkatachalam , Sarin Yogesh Kumar
Published: February 2021

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Anorectal Malformations (Part 3)
Authors: Bhatnagar Sushmita
Published: February 2021

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Congenital CSF Rhinorrhoea sans Encephalocoele, sans Trauma, sans Tumour
Authors: Prasad G Raghavendra , Aishwarya Kasha , Sekhar Vijay
Published: February 2021

The authors describe a case of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea due to a congenital defect in cribriform plate, an anomaly that has not been described hitherto. It was successfully treated surgically.
Thoracoscopic Patch Repair of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in a Neonate using Spiral Tacks: A Case Report
Authors: Riquelme Mario A , Guajardo Carlos D , Juarez-Parra Marco A , Elizondo Rodolfo A , Cortinas Julio C
Published: February 2021

We present a case of congenital diaphragmatic hernia that was successfully treated with spi-ral tacks using thoracoscopy. A newborn female was diagnosed with a diaphragmatic hernia at 20 weeks of gestation. The defect was surgically repaired by thoracoscopy and primary closure. On postoperative day 25, she developed respiratory distress. Chest x-ray showed a recurrence and was taken to the OR for surgical repair with spiral tacks.
Anorectal Malformations (Part 2)
Authors: Bhatnagar Sushmita
Published: February 2021

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Umbilicus: A Site for Stoma in Hirschsprung’s Disease
Authors: Raj Prince , Sarin Yogesh Kumar
Published: February 2021

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Large Hernia of Umbilical Cord Misdiagnosed as Omphalocele
Authors: Ali Waqas , Arain Anwar
Published: February 2021

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Reply: Teaching Anorectal Malformations
Authors: Bhatnagar Sushmita
Published: February 2021

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Reverse Tissue Expansion in Gastroschisis: What to do if the Defect is too large to close after Silo Removal?
Authors: Chahine Fadel M , Atiyeh Bishara
Published: February 2021

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Teaching Anorectal Malformations
Authors: Prasad G Raghavendra
Published: February 2021

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Thoracoscopic Plication for Bilateral Eventration of Diaphragm in a Neonate
Authors: Natarajan Saravanan , R Ramalingam , Harirao Subramanian
Published: February 2021

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Sacrococcygeal Teratoma with Yolk Sac Component in a Neonate
Authors: Khanolkar Ashwini Chandrasekhar , Thakkar Nirali Chirag , Sarin Yogesh Kumar
Published: February 2021

Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is the most common congenital tumor in neonates. SCT may be benign (mature and immature) or malignant. Malignancy is rare in SCT diagnosed before 2 months of age. Here, we describe a neonate having a mature teratoma with a focus of malignant yolk sac tumor within and the difficulties faced in its management.
Surgical Neonatal Sepsis in Developing Countries
Authors: Rahman Mitul Ashrarur
Published: February 2021

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Feeding Intolerance and Poor Growth in Infants with Gastroschisis: Longitudinal Experience with Consecutive Patients over Thirteen Years
Authors: Balgi Saloni , Singhal Sarita , Mueller Georgia , Batton Beau
Published: February 2021

Objectives: 1) To investigate in-hospital factors associated with delayed tolerance of full volume enteral nutrition and 2) To assess longitudinal growth in a contemporary population of infants with gastroschisis.Design: Retrospective single-center study of all infants with gastroschisisSetting: Level III neonatal intensive care unit in a free-standing Children’s HospitalDuration: 13.5 yearsMaterials & Methods: Detailed data regarding demographics, nutritional support, growth, and infant outcomes was collected for all infants with gastroschisis. Linear regression was used to investigate in-hospital factors associated with feeding intolerance and poor growth.Results: For 52 infants, the median gestational age at birth was 36 weeks, the median postnatal age to achieve full feeds was 22 days, and median in-hospital weight gain was 18 gm/day. With linear regression, there was a positive association between time to full feeds and both hospital length of stay (adjusted R2=0.503, p<0.0001) and (unexpectedly) in-hospital weight gain (adjusted R2=0.125, p=0.0248). There was a negative association between in-hospital weight gain and preterm birth (adjusted R2=0.125, p=0.0356). For infants with longitudinal growth data, 35% had a weight <5th percentile (of whom 67% were preterm).Conclusions: Many infants with gastroschisis have poor growth before and after hospital discharge. Aggressive feeding advancement may be a contributing factor to this finding and preterm infants may be at greater risk for poor growth than term infants.
Urinary Claudin-2 Measurements as a Predictor of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Blackwood Brian P , Wood Douglas R , Yuan Carrie Y , Nicolas Joseph D , Griffiths Anne , Mestan Karen , Hunter Catherine J
Published: February 2021

Background: Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) affects 5-10% of NICU patients where initially patients may have only nonspecific clinical findings. A noninvasive tool for detection would aid in diagnosis. Increased urinary claudins have been associated with active adult inflammatory bowel disease.Methods: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained. Neonatal intestinal tissue samples were obtained from patients with and without NEC. Immunofluorescence analysis of claudin-2 was performed on the intestinal tissue. Thirty two urine samples were collected from 6 NICU patients. Proteins were extracted and urinary claudin-2 expression was measured using Western Blot Analysis. All sample concentrations were normalized to urinary creatinine. Differences were analyzed with ANOVA or Student’s T-test. Findings were correlated to the patient’s clinical status.Results: Neonatal intestinal immunofluorescence analysis revealed that claudin-2 is present in healthy intestinal epithelium and is decreased in NEC intestinal tissue (p=0.0001). Of the six patients evaluated, three patients had NEC. All 3 patients with NEC had spikes in urinary claudin-2 levels (p<0.001, p<0.001, p 0.0598 respectively). Spikes did not appear to correlate with other etiologies of neonatal sepsis, medication use or need for mechanical ventilation. Levels during active NEC were almost twice that of NEC-free periods (p<0.0001).Conclusion: A tool for early detection would facilitate early intervention and potential prevention of severe NEC. Preliminary findings indicate that urinary claudin-2 may represent a potential biomarker for NEC worth further investigation.
Upper Airway Obstruction in a Newborn with Vallecular Cyst
Authors: Torer Birgin , Cetinkaya Bilin , Yılmaz Serkan , Yilmazer Cuneyt , Gulcan Hande
Published: February 2021

Vallecular cyst is a rare cause of stridor in neonates, which may present as a life threatening airway obstruction. Here, we report a preterm infant with a congenital vallecular cyst who presented with stridor and respiratory distress that developed immediately after birth. She was successfully treated with endoscopic marsupialization.
Meckel’s Diverticulum causing Intussusception in a Newborn
Authors: Das Dillip Kumar , Majumdar Pravat Kumar , Shukla Suprabha
Published: February 2021

A neonate presenting with intussusception probably caused by Meckel’s diverticulum is reported here.
Coexistence of Anal Atresia, Anophthalmia and Intestinal Neuronal Dysplasia Type-A in a Newborn
Authors: Aydin Hilal , Şenaylı Atilla , Kışlal Fatih Mehmet , Sarici Dilek , Köseoğlu Burhan , Güreşçi Servet
Published: February 2021

We report a patient with anal atresia, anophthalmia and intestinal neuronal dysplasia type A.
Hernia of Umbilical Cord associated with Cleft Lip and Palate, and Congenital Glaucoma
Authors: Singh Irom Keshorjit
Published: February 2021

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Intestinal Obstruction due to Ileal Duplication Cyst and Malrotation in a Preterm Neonate
Authors: Basany Laxman , Aepala Roja , Bellary Madhu Mohan Reddy , Chitneni Maruthi
Published: February 2021

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Epidermolysis Bullosa with Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis in a Newborn
Authors: Ben Dhaou Mahdi , Ammar Saloua , Louati Hamdi , Zitouni Hayet , Jallouli Mohamed , Mhiri Riadh
Published: February 2021

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is an inherited blistering disorder characterized by the fragility of the skin and mucous membranes. Extracutaneous manifestations can be associated. We report a unique concomitant occurrence of EB and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in a newborn.
Alexithymia and anxiety symptoms in Pakistani adolescents: a study of compounded directions
Authors: Sadia jafer  , Farzana Ashraf  , Amna Arif  , Admin
Published: February 2021

Abstract    
Objectives: There is an empirical evidence that symptoms of internalizing disorders such as alexithymia and anxiety increase in adolescence and these symptoms varies across gender and age groups. The purpose of this study was to explore these differences in adolescents.
Method: In this cross-sectional study conducted since November 2018 to March 2019, the sample of 185 adolescents selected through random sampling method from different schools. They were assessed on alexithymia and anxiety symptoms by administering Toronto Alexithymia Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale respectively. Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was applied to determine the direct and interactive effect of age groups and gender on alexithymia and anxiety symptoms.
Results: The results demonstrate that boys reported significantly (p<0.05) higher level of alexithymia symptoms partially (externally oriented) as compared to their counterparts. Further significant (p<0.05) interactive effect of age group and gender was also seen.
Conclusion: The present study concluded that the presence of clinical symptoms in school going adolescents may hinder in the physical and psychological health of adolescents, which should be managed through suitable interventions.
Keywords: Alexithymia symptoms, Anxiety symptoms, Continuous...
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Zeugodacus Tau Walker (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southern Thailand
Authors: ZAELOR Jingyoh , JULSIRIKUL Duangta , KITTHAWEE Sangvorn
Published: February 2021

The population structure of a fruit fly, Zeugodacus tau, was studied by a Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) technique. Twenty haplotypes of Cytochrome Oxidase unit I (COI) sequence were found in flies collected from Southern Thailand. The phylogenetic tree and haplotype network revealed gene flow across a large geographic range. With the aid of winds, their gene flow diminished population structure. The population size of Z. tau in Southern Thailand seemed to be large and stable, but the other populations in some locations had experienced a bottleneck effect, leading to local genetic differentiation. Fruit flies from the eastern areas had large effective population sizes, whereas the populations from other areas were smaller. This pattern matched the ecological niche centroid model, in which fruit flies disperse from high population areas to lower ones.
Un inedito saggio di Irving Lavin sui monumenti equestri e alcune riflessioni sull’ultimo segmento di attività dello studioso
Authors: Lofano Francesco
Published: February 2021

This is a proposed translation to Italian of the inedited essay by Irving Lavin (1927- 2019), dedicated to the birth of the equestrian monuments of the humanistic age. The short essay by the American art historian is introduced by a study in which the genesis of St. Louis’ highly important contributions is examined, which is inscribed within a silloge, result of a thoughtful sedimentation in which Lavin was immersed during the last decades of his life, and dedicated to the theme of art of commemoration. Starting from an exam of the main characteristics of Lavin’s critical methodology, this contribution explores the dense plot, made of cultural references, and complex strategies of analyses through which the short essay evolves. Thus it emerges that the formal and iconographic exam is breaching towards the discovery of connections, with literary testimonies and contemporary philosophies, enlightening the choices made in the elaboration of the same figurative scripts. However, the relations with the literary culture do not assume a mechanical dependency from it; similarly, while unraveling a vast knowledge, the American art historian finds the articulate relationships between works and social groups: nevertheless, the analysis is always stopped to prevent any deterministic subordination of the formal to the latter. On the other hand, such exam is generally tenaciously repeating the centrality of figurative text, of which Lavin is the committed spokesman throughout his illuminating scientific career. Indeed, the same figurative text is an assertive and synthetic representation of ideological demands in accordance with the idea, largely defended by the scholar, of the “modern” artist’s conscience, which is fully conscious of its own intellectual resources.
Aspetti del pensiero di Aristotele nel Saggio sopra la pittura di Francesco Algarotti: ἐμπειρία, εἰκóς, φαντασία, κάθαρσις
Authors: Rita Argentiero
Published: February 2021

This article identifies and studies the Aristotelian elements contained in the Essay on Painting, written by Francesco Algarotti in the second half of the 18th century. The aspects taken into consideration and the subject of further study are ἐμπειρία, εἰκός, φαντασία and κάθαρσις. The ἐμπειρία is the starting point of artistic produc- tion and originates from what the painter can grasp through the senses. Starting from the cultured elements, φαντασία combines the φαντάσματα belonging to the same species in order to capture εἰκός, which is the object of imitation of the real painter. The κάθαρσις is that «sweet spell» that allows man to rise above himself. Finally, the reason for Algarotti’s interest in Aristotle’s philosophy is investigated: in this regard, the key role played by Francesco Maria Zanotti is underlined.
L’artista satirico nell’epos: Giandomenico Tiepolo e il cavallo di Troia
Authors: Maffeis Rodolfo
Published: February 2021

This study reconsiders a remarkable but overlooked work by Giandomenico Tiepolo, the so-called Building of the Trojan Horse in the collections of the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art at Hartford. Starting from a fresh look to the content, the author identifies a slightly different iconography, as well as the presence of an enigmatic self-portrait of the painter seen from the back. The possible precedents in the tradition of the artists’ self-portraits in Venice are investigated, and an interpretation is offered in connection with the peculiar satirical themes of Giandomenico’s art
A quarta revolução e a necessária reinvenção da Biblioteconomia
Authors: Ascoli Arabelly , Galindo Marcos
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Discutir sobre a reinvenção da Biblioteconomia no contexto da quarta revolução.
Método: O estudo foi caracterizado como descritivo e utilizou como métodos a revisão de literatura, a análise bibliográfica e documental.
Resultados: Apresenta um panorama sobre a quarta revolução, promovida pelas tecnologias digitais, e seus impactos no mundo do trabalho. Observa que, diante da crescente facilidade de acesso à internet, as bibliotecas estão dividindo seu espaço de provedor de fontes de informação e verifica a persistência do perfil tecnicista do bibliotecário. Discorre sobre a desconexão entre a formação superior e as exigências atuais e potenciais do mercado de trabalho do bibliotecário contemporâneo no Brasil.
Conclusões: Recomenda-se repensar o ensino na graduação em Biblioteconomia e promover a aprendizagem continuada para que os bibliotecários desenvolvam e atualizem competências informacionais e tecnológicas.
O Processamento de Linguagem Natural nos Estudos Métricos da Informação: uma análise dos artigos indexados pela Web of Science (2000- 2019)
Authors: Puerta-Díaz Mirelys , De Mira Bianca Savegnago , Martínez-Ávila Daniel , Ovalle-Perandones María-Antonia , Grácio Maria Cláudia Cabrini
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Identificar a estrutura científica internacional das pesquisas que vinculam o uso do Processamento de linguagem natural no campo dos estudos métricos da informação.
Método: A pesquisa é baseada em uma perspectiva qualiquantitativa própria dos estudos métricos da informação no domínio da organização do conhecimento. A coleta de dados foi realizada em 02/02/2020 no recurso Web of Science Core Collection com a expressão "natural language processing", na categoria artigos e revisão, refinada pelas Categorias da Web of Science Information Science Library Science e limitada à janela temporal dos últimos 20 anos completos (período de 2000 a 2019). A Análise de Redes Sociais é utilizada como método de pesquisa para examinar e visualizar a rede de colaboração científica, de cocitação e de coocorrência de palavras-chave.
Resultados: Dos 552 documentos recuperados, após a análise dos resumos, observou-se que 31 estavam inseridos no campo dos estudos métricos. A literatura científica mostra um crescente aumento das publicações nos últimos três anos, com 2018 sendo o ano mais produtivo.
Conclusões: Considerando que o conjunto de técnicas de PLN (ex. bag of words, tokenization, word stemming, part-of-speech tagging e SVM) vem permitindo ao pesquisador ir além da análise de citação tradicional, para uma análise mais voltada ao conteúdo e contexto da citação, a literatura científica internacional sobre a aplicação do PLN nos estudos métricos da informação tem se mostrado emergente. A revista Scientometrics configura o meio de disseminação dos trabalhos que alcançaram maior impacto. Finalizando, a análise de cocitação k-core mostra a existência de um importante núcleo teórico, frequentemente citado na comunidade acadêmica internacional.
Entre o sertão e o litoral: a toponímia nos textos de Eulálio Motta publicados no jornal Mundo Novo
Authors: Santiago Iago Gusmão , Barreiros Liliane Lemos Santana
Published: February 2021

Trata-se de um estudo toponímico dos textos de e sobre o escritor Eulálio Motta publicados no jornal Mundo Novo nos anos de 1931 e 1932. A pesquisa está fundamentada na classificação taxonômica proposta por Dick (1990, 1992), nas discussões teóricas de Seabra (2004, 2006), Barreiros, L. e Barreiros, P. (2016), entre outros, e a metodologia para análise automática do léxico com o AntConc, em Barreiros, L. (2017b). Foram analisados 12 topônimos pertencentes ao território baiano: quatro de natureza física e oito de natureza antropocultural. Na análise, foram observados os processos de nomeação, bem como as questões relativas à mudança toponímica e os casos de toponímia paralela, além das fotografias do acervo do escritor ou de outros acervos que se relacionam com os topônimos estudados e a localização destes na plataforma do Google Maps.
Espasmo e estagnação: um século de escravidão em Curitiba (1765-1862)
Authors: Lima Carlos Alberto Medeiros
Published: February 2021

Neste artigo, busca-se utilizar registros de óbito a fim de descrever algumas características básicas da população escrava de Curitiba, estudando a evolução das atividades econômicas para as quais era destinado o trabalho cativo. Observaram-se duas situações muito distintas: um espasmo ocorreu durante o último quarto do século XVIII, e a ele se seguiu uma longa estagnação iniciada nos anos 1800. Os assentos de sepultamento mostram igualmente que distribuições desequilibradas dos adultos por ambos os sexos eram relativamente frequentes, que as condições de estabelecimento de famílias escravas declinaram fortemente ao longo do século estudado e que as posses de escravos declinaram consistentemente quanto a seu tamanho e sua importância.
The concept and meaning of modern post-penitentiary policy
Authors:   Criminal Sentences of the Kirov IPKR of the FPS of Russia, ABATUROV A. I.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The article examines topical issues of the post-penitentiary policy of the Russian Federation, formulates its definition by the author, and also reveals the criminological determinants of committing crimes by persons released from places of imprisonment. Arguing the theses formulated in the article, the author provides information about the current status of the post-penitentiary policy in the country. Key words: politics, post-penitentiary assistance, crime prevention, crime, convicts.
AI Verification: Mechanisms to Ensure AI Arms Control Compliance
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Mittelsteadt Matthew
Published: February 2021

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence into military systems raises critical questions of ethics, design and safety. While many states and organizations have called for some form of “AI arms control,” few have discussed the technical details of verifying countries’ compliance with these regulations. This brief offers a starting point, defining the goals of “AI verification” and proposing several mechanisms to support arms inspections and continuous verification.
GRIEF PASTORAL DALAM PANDANGAN MAJELIS JEMAAT GMIST MUSAFIR KOTA MANADO
Authors: Brek Yohan , Umbas Toar
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

 

Pastoral Grief referred to in this study is a pastoral service to those who are grieving especially to the congregation of GMIST in the City of Manado. The pastoral duty must be carried out by Church councils in this case the Pastor, Elder and Deacon. Based on observations and interviews with Church councils, it was found that the pastoral care of grief for them only applies when a person dies and that is only a consolation and funeral service. Even though talking about grief does not only apply to people whose closest relatives die. This prompted researchers to conduct further research on Church councils in the  GMIST congregation of Musafir Manado City. This study aims to find out how the understanding and practice of special servants about the task of the Pastoral Grief service and what the impact of the service results and the meaning obtained for the development of the Grief Pastoral service for Church councils in the congregation of GMIST Musafir in Manado. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research methods which will describe in full the purpose of the study so that it is expected to get valid and scientific results about the understanding of special servants regarding Pastoral Grief.
PENGENDALIAN BAHAYA KERJA DENGAN METODE JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS PADA PENERIMAAN AFVAL LOKAL BAGIAN WAREHOUSE DI PT. ST
Authors: Nurkholis Nurkholis , Adriansyah Gusti
Published: February 2021

Job Safety Analysis (JSA) adalah suatu kajian sistematis dan bertahap terhadap semua potensi kejadian berbahaya yang terdapat di tiap langkah kerja, untuk dapat menentukan berbagai tindakan pengendalian yang dibutuhkan untuk mencegah atau mengurangi dampak dari kejadian berbahaya tersebut, selama proses persiapan dan pelaksanaan suatu pekerjaan (Chevron, 2005). Seperti pada penerimaan afval lokal bagian warehouse di PT. ST adalah suatu perusahaan yang berjalan di bidang pembuatan kertas yang bertempat di Surabaya, Jawa timur, yang memiliki potensi bahaya yang dapat menyebabkan kecelakaan kerja. Dengan adanya implementasi program K3 akan sangat membantu dalam menangani permasalahan tersebut, salah satu program K3 adalah melakukan identifikasi jenis kecelakaan kerja dan upaya pencegahan kecelakaan kerja dengan menggunakan metode Job Safety Analysis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode JSA dapat diidentifikasi jenis kecelakaan kerja/potensi bahaya yang berhubungan dari setiap langkah pekerjaan pada penerimaan afval lokal yaitu : terjatuh dari atas kendaraan, tertimpah bal-balan kertas, terjepit oleh bal-balan kertas, terjepit tali balâ€“balan, terkena cutter, terkena plat atau kawat, tertabrak kendaraan dan terpeleset atau terkilir. Dan jenis kecelakaan kerja yang dominan pada penerimaan afval lokal adalah terkena cutter. Dari perhitungan angka kecelakaan, maka dapat diketahui tingkat kecelakaan kerja dari tahun 2013 sampai tahun 2015 adalah turun yang berarti kinerja pada penerimaan afval lokal naik. Rekomendasi pencegahan kecelakaan kerja pada penerimaan afval lokal sebagai berikut : baca/ikuti rambuâ€“rambu keselamatan, mengikuti briffing sebelum kerja, mengikuti instruksi kerja yang benar, gunakan sarung tangan katun dan gunakan sepatu.
COUNTING SPERMA AKTIF MENGGUNAKAN METODE OTSU THRESHOLD DAN LOCAL ADAPTIVE THRESHOLD
Authors: Hatta Moch. , Susrama I Gde
Published: February 2021

Analisis sperma adalah pemeriksaan awal yang dilakukan pada kasus infertilitas pria, salah satunya adalah menentukan motiliti normal dan abnormal, yang dilakukan oleh ahli. Analisa sperma ini juga dapat dilakukan secara otomatis dengan berbantuan komputer, yaitu dengan cara mengambil per-frame video sperma kemudian dilakukan proses segmentasi. Pada proses segmentasi terdapat beberapa kendala antara lain data video yang diambil mempunyai intensitas yang berbeda, sehingga diperlukan beberapa metode segmentasi. Penelitian ini adalah membandingkan proses Otsu Threshold dan proses Local Adaptive Threshold (LAT), dengan proses preprosessing yang menggunakan segmentasi Otsu dan Local Adaptive, sehingga dari beberapa data frame video sperma yang disegmentasi akan diketahui segmentasi yang harus digunakan. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa intensitas cahaya pada frame sperma yang dianalisis merata, dapat digunakan Otsu Threshold dan jika gambar sperma yang dianalisis intensitasnya tidak merata akan lebih bangus menggunakan Local Adaptive Threshold, dengan demikian untuk melakukan ekstraksi fitur lebih bagus, namun dari beberapa frame (bingkai) sperma yang diujicoba secara acak didapatkan akurasi yang lebih menggunakan proses otsu threshold yaitu 82% dibandingkan dengan menggunakan proses local adaptive threshold yaitu hanya 52%.