bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Stores to Banks
Authors: Saltorato Patrícia , Domingues Larissa Cecília , Donadone Júlio César , Neves Guimarães Márcia Regina
Published: August 2014

The Brazilian retail sector has been experiencing a dynamic involving, on the one hand, a strong approximation toward the financial institutions and, on the other hand, an intense concentration process, foreign capital participation, initial public offers, and business operations internationalization, boosting the retail financialization environment. This paper explores this dynamic by focusing on the organizational impacts resulting from the diffusion of a financial logic on Brazilian financial retail field construction, gathering together different actors struggling to define the field’s rules. The paper uses secondary sources as well as 57 interviews with employees from the country’s 19 largest retail stores about their work transformation. Interesting insights ranging from embarrassment stemming from the failure to fulfill goals, retail workers’ rights (being legally considered banking workers), to the use of slave labor by multinational fashion supply chains are garnered. All of these elements connected underpin the Brazilian Financial Retail field.

O setor varejista brasileiro passa por uma dinâmica envolvendo por um lado, uma forte aproximação com as instituições financeiras e, por outro, por um intenso processo de concentração, atuação de capital estrangeiro, aberturas de capital, internacionalização dos negócios, profissionalização da gestão, fomentando a financeirização do varejo nacional. Esta pesquisa visa contribuir explorando os impactos organizacionais resultantes da difusão dessa lógica de inspiração financeira sobre o varejo brasileiro que logra unir diferentes atores e suas respectivas fontes de (diferentes e divergentes) capitais na definição dos contornos e regras de um novo campo de atuação para as empresas varejistas. Os resultados desta pesquisa envolvem dados de fontes secundárias, além de informações colhidas junto a 57 entrevistas realizadas com funcionários das 19 maiores varejistas atuantes no país sobre mudanças na organização de seu trabalho. Os resultados apresentados envolvem desde situações embaraçosas relacionadas ao não cumprimento das metas, passando pela equiparação de funcionários do varejo a bancários, até o uso de mão-de-obra escrava por grandes cadeias de moda varejistas. Juntos, estes elementos corroboram a construção do campo do varejo financeiro brasileiro.
In search of evidence for the hue-heat hypothesis in the aircraft cabin
Authors: Albers F , Maier J , Marggraf-Micheel C
Published: August 2014

This paper examines whether the use of coloured light can influence aircraft passengers' temperature sensations and can make the climate be perceived as cooler or warmer (‘hue-heat hypothesis’), a phenomenon shown in earlier light laboratory experiments. Experiments with 199 subjects were conducted under realistic conditions, a cabin of a single-aisle aircraft. Two lighting scenarios (yellow and blue) were combined with different temperatures. Results show an effect in the hypothesized direction. The impact of lighting colour on climate perception and evaluation can be observed in the whole sample and in certain subgroups of subjects. The size of the effect agrees with former studies. A large-scale application of this effect in the aircraft/aviation industry could lead to energy savings and contribute to cost effectiveness.
A new hand enhances life for quadruple amputee: A single case study
Authors: Anjou Katie , Gibbs Josephine , Purtell Daniel , Morrison Wayne
Published: August 2014

This single case study discusses the various challenges and rehabilitation of Australia’s first hand transplant from the hand therapy perspective. The recipient was a 65-year-old quadrimembral amputee male following overwhelming pneumococcal sepsis. Key issues included cognitive relearning following the four-year loss of cortical feedback, extrinsic muscle retraining, poor coordination and functional limitations as a result of intrinsic dennervation, and an insensate hand. Distinct clinical differences from total hand replantation included consideration of immunosuppression drugs and potential rejection episodes. Although the patient was highly motivated, a client-centred approach was critical for ongoing commitment to the intensive long-term rehabilitation programme. The recipient’s progress in the first two and a half years has been impressive with achievement of many personal goals including eating, drinking, writing, driving and lawn bowls. His results, recorded on the International Hand Transplant Registry, showed superior measurements in areas of the DASH, grip strength, and TAM of forearm, wrist, and fingers.
Simulation of cracking phenomena during laser brazing of ceramics and cemented carbide
Authors: Nagatsuka K. , Sechi Y. , Ma N. , Nakata K.
Published: August 2014

To investigate the mechanism of the occurrence of the microcracks produced in laser brazing of silicon carbide and cemented carbide using a silver–copper–titanium alloy as the filler metal, a numerical simulation for thermal cycle and thermal stress was performed using the finite element method. The laser-irradiated area of the cemented carbide was heated selectively, and almost uniform temperature distribution in the filler metal was obtained. The tensile thermal stress in the silicon carbide appeared near the interface between the silicon carbide and the filler metal, and the maximum principle stress at about 400 K during the cooling process reached the fracture strength of the silicon carbide. This resulted in the formation of microcracks in the silicon carbide which was observed in the experiment.
Controllability problem for fractional integrodifferential evolution systems of mixed type with the measure of noncompactness
Authors: Qin Haiyong , Liu Jianwei , Zuo Xin
Published: August 2014

We consider the controllability problem for a class of fractional evolution systems of mixed type in an infinite dimensional Banach space. The existence of mild solutions and controllability results are discussed by a new estimation technique of the measure of noncompactness and a fixed point theorem with respect to a convex-power condensing operator. However, the main results do not need any restrictive conditions on estimated parameters of the measure of noncompactness. Since we do not assume that the semigroup is compact and other conditions are more general, the outcomes we obtain here improve and generalize many known controllability results. An example is also given to demonstrate the applications of our main results.

MSC:26A33, 34B15, 93B05, 93C25.
Uniform description of interference and load based routing metric for wireless mesh networks
Authors: Wang Jihong , Shi Wenxiao , Xu Yinlong , Jin Feng
Published: August 2014

Routing metrics help calculate optimal path from source node to destination node; it is the key for the whole network performances and needs to be carefully designed. Existing routing metrics independently describe intra-flow interference and inter-flow interference, so measures should be taken to make the component that describes the intra-flow interference around the same value range as that describes the inter-flow interference. These measures will complicate the design of routing metrics or introduce adjustable parameters, but how to adjust the parameters based on network status is still a challenge. In this paper, we propose an isotonic routing metric, called MIL (metric based on uniform description of interference and load), which uniformly describes factors including physical interference, logical intra-flow and inter-flow interference, and node load. MIL can detect and avoid heavy load and heavy interference areas in the network, and it can guide packets to reach destinations with low end-to-end delay. As byproduct, a channel diversity expression is also proposed to reflect channel distribution along paths. Simulations show that MIL outperforms some existing well-known routing metrics.
Results on proximal and generalized weak proximal contractions including the case of iteration-dependent range sets
Authors: De la Sen Manuel , Agarwal Ravi P , Ibeas Asier
Published: August 2014

This paper presents some further results on proximal and asymptotic proximal contractions and on a class of generalized weak proximal contractions in metric spaces. The generalizations are stated for non-self-mappings of the forms

T
n

:

A
n

→

B
n

for

n
∈

Z

0
+

and

T
:

⋃

j
∈

Z

0
+

A

0
j

→

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j
∈

Z

0
+

B

0
j

, or

T
:
A
→
(
⋃

B
n

)

, subject to

T
(

A

0
n

)
⊆

B

0
n

and

T
n

(

A
n

)
⊆

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, such that

T
n

converges uniformly to T, and the distances

D
n

=
d
(

A
n

,

B
n

)

are iteration-dependent, where

A

0
n

,

A
n

,

B

0
n

and

B
n

are non-empty subsets of X, for

n
∈

Z

0
+

, where

(
X
,
d
)

is a metric space, provided that the set-theoretic limit of the sequences of closed sets

{

A
n

}

and

{

B
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}

exist as

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→
∞

and that the countable infinite unions of the closed sets are closed. The convergence of the sequences in the domain and the image sets of the non-self-mapping, as well as the existence and uniqueness of the best proximity points, are also investigated if the metric space is complete. Two application examples are also given, being concerned, respectively, with the solutions through pseudo-inverses of both compatible and incompatible linear algebraic systems and with the parametrical identification of dynamic systems.
Re-development of mental health first aid guidelines for non-suicidal self-injury: a Delphi study
Authors: Ross Anna M , Kelly Claire M , Jorm Anthony F
Published: August 2014

Background

Up to 12% of Australian adults and almost one in five adolescents are estimated to have engaged in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) at some time in their life. Friends and family are most likely to notice signs of NSSI, but may be unsure how to intervene. Mental health first aid guidelines were developed in 2008 on how to do this through providing initial support and encouraging appropriate professional help-seeking. This study aims to re-develop the 2008 NSSI first aid guidelines to ensure they contain current recommended helping actions and remain consistent with the NSSI intervention literature.

Methods

The Delphi consensus method was used to determine the importance of the inclusion of helping statements in the guidelines. These statements describe helping actions a member of the public can take, and information they should have, to help someone who is engaging in NSSI. Systematic searches of the available NSSI intervention literature were conducted to find helping statements. Two expert panels, comprising 28 NSSI professionals and 33 consumer advocates, rated the importance of each statement.

Results

98 out of 220 statements were endorsed as appropriate helping actions in providing assistance to someone engaging in NSSI. These statements were used to form the updated mental health first aid guidelines for NSSI.

Conclusion

The re-development of the guidelines has resulted in more comprehensive guidance than the original version (98 versus 30 statements containing helping actions). This substantial increase in endorsed statements adds detail and depth to the guidelines, as well as covers additional ways of providing guidance and support.
Genome-driven integrated classification of breast cancer validated in over 7,500 samples
Authors: Ali H Raza , Rueda Oscar M , Chin Suet-Feung , Curtis Christina , Dunning Mark J , Aparicio Samuel AJR , Caldas Carlos
Published: August 2014

Background

IntClust is a classification of breast cancer comprising 10 subtypes based on molecular drivers identified through the integration of genomic and transcriptomic data from 1,000 breast tumors and validated in a further 1,000. We present a reliable method for subtyping breast tumors into the IntClust subtypes based on gene expression and demonstrate the clinical and biological validity of the IntClust classification.

Results

We developed a gene expression-based approach for classifying breast tumors into the ten IntClust subtypes by using the ensemble profile of the index discovery dataset. We evaluate this approach in 983 independent samples for which the combined copy-number and gene expression IntClust classification was available. Only 24 samples are discordantly classified. Next, we compile a consolidated external dataset composed of a further 7,544 breast tumors. We use our approach to classify all samples into the IntClust subtypes. All ten subtypes are observable in most studies at comparable frequencies. The IntClust subtypes are significantly associated with relapse-free survival and recapitulate patterns of survival observed previously. In studies of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, IntClust reveals distinct patterns of chemosensitivity. Finally, patterns of expression of genomic drivers reported by TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) are better explained by IntClust as compared to the PAM50 classifier.

Conclusions

IntClust subtypes are reproducible in a large meta-analysis, show clinical validity and best capture variation in genomic drivers. IntClust is a driver-based breast cancer classification and is likely to become increasingly relevant as more targeted biological therapies become available.
Total calcium-sensing receptor expression in circulating monocytes is increased in rheumatoid arthritis patients with severe coronary artery calcification
Authors: Paccou Julien , Boudot Cédric , Renard Cédric , Liabeuf Sophie , Kamel Said , Fardellone Patrice , Massy Ziad , Brazier Michel , Mentaverri Romuald
Published: August 2014

Introduction

Human circulating monocytes express the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and are involved in atherosclerosis. This study investigated the potential association between vascular calcification in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and CaSR expression in circulating monocytes.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 50 RA patients were compared to 25 control subjects matched for age and gender. Isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and flow cytometry analysis were performed to study the surface and total CaSR expression in circulating monocytes. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) scores were evaluated by computed tomography and an association between these scores and the surface and/or total CaSR expression in circulating monocytes in RA patients was investigated.

Results

The two groups were similar in terms of age (RA: 60.9 ± 8.3 years, versus controls: 59.6 ± 5.3 years) and gender (RA: 74.0% females versus 72.0% females). We did not find a higher prevalence and greater burden of CAC or AAC in RA patients versus age- and gender-matched controls. When compared with control subjects, RA patients did not exhibit greater total CaSR (101.6% ± 28.8 vs. 99.9% ± 22.0) or surface CaSR (104.6% ± 20.4 vs. 99.9% ± 13.7) expression, but total CaSR expression in circulating monocytes was significantly higher in RA patients with severe CAC (Agatston score ≥200, n = 11) than in patients with mild-to-moderate CAC (1 to 199, n = 21) (P = 0.01).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates for the first time that total CaSR expression in human circulating monocytes is increased in RA patients with severe coronary artery calcification.
Calprotectin (S100A8/9) as serum biomarker for clinical response in proof-of-concept trials in axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis
Authors: Turina Maureen C , Yeremenko Nataliya , Paramarta Jacqueline E , De Rycke Leen , Baeten Dominique
Published: August 2014

Introduction

Biomarkers complementing clinical evaluations may help to reduce the length and size of proof-of-concept (PoC) trials aimed to obtain quick "go/no go" decisions in the clinical development of new treatments. We aimed to identify and validate serum biomarkers with a high sensitivity to change upon effective treatment in spondyloarthritis (SpA) PoC trials.

Methods

The candidate biomarkers high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha-2-MG), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), calprotectin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in healthy controls (n = 20) and SpA patients before and after 2 weeks of infliximab (n = 18) or placebo (n = 19) treatment in cohort 1. Clinical outcome was evaluated at week 12. Results were validated in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with infliximab (cohort 2, n = 21) and peripheral SpA with etanercept (cohort 3, n = 20).

Results

Serum levels of calprotectin, hs-CRP, PTX-3, VEGF (all P?<?0.001) and MMP-3 (P = 0.062), but not IL-6 and alpha-2-MG, were increased in SpA versus healthy controls. Treatment with infliximab, but not placebo, significantly decreased calprotectin (P?<?0.001) and hs-CRP (P?<?0.001) levels, with a similar trend for MMP-3 (P = 0.063). The standardized response mean (SRM), which reflects the ability to detect changes over time, was high for calprotectin (?1.26), good for hs-CRP (?0.96) and moderate for MMP-3 (?0.52). Calprotectin and hs-CRP, but not MMP-3, were good biomarkers for treatment response in axial and peripheral SpA as evaluated and confirmed in cohort 2 and 3 respectively.

Conclusions

Calprotectin and hs-CRP are good serum biomarkers with high sensitivity to change upon effective treatment at the group level in small-scale, short term PoC trials in SpA.
Electrical conductivity, induced polarization, and permeability of the Fontainebleau sandstone
Authors: Revil André , Kessouri Pauline , Torres-Verdín Carlos
Published: August 2014

The electrical conductivity of clay-free sandstones is customarily assumed to have negligible surface conductivity contribution. The Fontainebleau sandstone, a clean sandstone with relatively coarse ([Formula: see text]) and well-rounded silica grains and silica cement, exhibits surface conductivity along the electrical double layer coating the surface of the grains. A recently developed volume-averaging model for the electrical conductivity was used to determine intrinsic formation factor and surface conductivity from electrical conductivity measurements performed at seven salinities with NaCl solutions. The bulk tortuosity of the pore space influenced the surface conductivity in a predictable way. Formation factor and permeability can be determined as a function of the porosity using the equations developed by Archie for the formation factor, and Revil and Cathles for the permeability. In both the cases, the data emphasize the existence of a percolation threshold of about 0.02 (2%) in porosity. Once corrected for the effect of this percolation threshold, the porosity exponent of Archie’s equation was approximately equal to 1.5 as predicted from the differential effective medium theory for a pack of spherical grains suspended in an electrolyte. We illustrated that permeability can be predicted, within one order of magnitude, from surface conductivity, porosity, and formation factor. Spectral-induced polarization data indicated that the in-phase conductivity was nearly frequency-independent (in the frequency range from 1 to 10 kHz) whereas the quadrature conductivity displayed a relationship between the surface conductivity and a peak frequency likely related to the pore throat size determined from mercury porosimetry measurements.
Continuous Facility Location with Backbone Network Costs
Authors: Carlsson John Gunnar , Jia Fan
Published: August 2014

We consider a continuous facility location problem in which our objective is to minimize the weighted sum of three costs: (1) fixed costs from installing the facilities, (2) backbone network costs incurred from connecting the facilities to each other, and (3) transportation costs incurred from providing services from the facilities to the service region. We first analyze the limiting behavior of this model and derive the two asymptotically optimal configurations of facilities: one of these configurations is the well studied honeycomb heuristic, and the other is an Archimedean spiral. We then give a fast constant-factor approximation algorithm for finding the placement of a set of facilities in any convex polygon that minimizes the sum of the three aforementioned costs.
Achieving excellence in postgraduate community nurse practice placements
Authors: Jones Kyle , Ewens Ann
Published: August 2014

This qualitative research using focus groups and an online questionnaire into excellent postgraduate community nurse placements concluded that student trainees need to be ensured of diverse and new experiences besides being recognized by practice staff as already qualified nurses with an array of existing experience. Their community practice teacher trainers need to be trained to cope with postgraduate versus pre-registration needs and especially aware of tailoring nurse experiences to the individual. This requires a finer awareness of their knowledge and student status along with ambivalent needs requiring guidance but space to work independently. Delphi Experts concluded trainer motivation and support most crucial elements in postgraduate placements along with clarity of expectations. Basic introduction and administration sets learning in motion and Start right, stay right! is a catchword to abide by.
The impact of entertainment factors on news enjoyment and recall: Humour and human interest
Authors: Xu Jie
Published: August 2014

The inclusion of entertaining factors in broadcast news is a widely debated topic and enduring issue in journalism, which has both significant theoretical and practical implications. The constant battle over how to attract the largest audience without changing the ‘hard news’
format is a source of contention for many in the industry today. This research project aims to ask questions, the answers to which may have some significant impact on the format of television newscasts. In a between-subjects experiment, this study investigates how two entertainment variables,
humour and human interest, as well as the combination of both in a story, impact news enjoyment and recall. Results show that humorous news stories and humorous human interest news stories are enjoyed significantly more than neutral news stories. Respondents (N=156) recall the news stories
better when humour is featured. However, the combination (news story with humour and human) condition generates lower recall than the humorous version. Several observations related to the findings and implications for broadcast journalism are elaborated. The conclusions drawn from the study
might provide television news producers with a strong foundation for changing the structure of newscasts in the future. Limitations and directions for future research are also outlined.
Szenen der Gewalt
Authors: Görling Reinhold
Published: August 2014

Gewalt entstellt und zerstört das Opfer, es nimmt ihm seinen Ausdruck. Doch wird auch das Subjekt nur sichtbar in einem performativen Prozess, in dem es in Beziehung mit anderen einen Ausdruck findet. Im Bild der Folter hat der Film diese Grenze der Sichtbarkeit immer wieder thematisiert. Der moderne Film selbst wird in einer Szene geboren, wie Serge Daney einmal gesagt hat: in der Darstellung der Folter vor einem Dritten in Rossellinis »Roma città aperta«. Reinhold Görling verfolgt diese Szene der Gewalt von Rossellini über Orwell, Pasolini, Beckett, Marker, Polanski, Hooper, McQueen u.a. bis zu Oppenheimer, Morris und Bigelow.
Die Praxis der Kreativität
Authors: Krämer Hannes
Published: August 2014

Wie läuft kreatives Arbeiten ab? Was bedeutet Kreativität für den Arbeitsalltag und wie wird in komplexen Organisationen Kreativität verankert? Am Beispiel der Arbeitspraxis in der Werbeindustrie rekonstruiert Hannes Krämer die Entdeckung, Formierung und Stabilisierung kreativer Produkte en détail. Hierbei zeichnet er ethnografisch die Entstehung eines Werbeprodukts anhand prägender Stationen nach und schließt so eine systematische Leerstelle: den Einblick in die konkrete Praxis künstlerisch-kreativer Arbeit in zeitgenössischen Ökonomien. Kreativarbeit erscheint demnach nicht vordergründig als mythische Tätigkeit, sondern als Ensemble kreativer Routinen.
Grenzwerte im Spiel
Authors: Husel Stefanie
Published: August 2014

Was wird hier eigentlich gespielt? Diese Frage können und müssen sich Zuschauer in Aufführungen der britischen Theatertruppe »Forced Entertainment« immer wieder stellen. Damit steht die Kompanie in der noch jungen Tradition des post-dramatischen Theaters. Interdisziplinär zwischen der Theaterwissenschaft und der Soziologie angesiedelt, befragt Stefanie Husels Studie Aufführungssituationen der Inszenierungen »Bloody Mess« und »The World in Pictures«: Mithilfe welcher Praktiken lassen die Teilnehmer den »Spiel-Raum« und die »Spielfiguren« der Aufführungen entstehen? Auf welche Weise werden die Zuschauer zu den eigentlichen »Spielern« der Aufführungen? Der Band enthält zahlreiche Interviews mit Tim Etchells, Gründungsmitglied von »Forced Entertainment«.
Das Individuum im transkulturellen Raum
Authors: Lahl Kristina
Published: August 2014

Die Neuverortung des Individuums zwischen Nationalitäten, Kulturen, Religionen und politischen Ideologien ist das zentrale Thema der deutschböhmischen und deutschmährischen Literatur nach dem Zusammenbruch des Habsburgerreichs 1918. Kristina Lahl zeichnet mithilfe einer interdisziplinären Untersuchung der historischen und sozialen Situation, einschlägiger Theorien zu Identität und Alterität sowie eingehender Romananalysen ein umfassendes Bild dieser Literaturlandschaft in einem transkulturellen Raum. Dabei werden bislang bestehende Kategorisierungen wie die dichotomische Aufteilung in die »Prager deutsche Literatur« und die »sudetendeutsche Literatur« kritisch hinterfragt.
Tragik der Freiheit
Authors: Assheuer Thomas
Published: August 2014

Botho Strauß macht aus seinen politischen Vorlieben kein Geheimnis: Der Schriftsteller bekennt sich zur intellektuellen Rechten und verachtet die »Massenöffentlichkeit« der »Massendemokratie«. Dennoch lohnt ein zweiter Blick auf seine frühen Theater- und Prosastücke, denn diese handeln von einer seltsamen Paradoxie: Während in liberalen Gesellschaften die Freiheitsspielräume wachsen, verkümmern die kulturellen Narrative, mit denen die Bürger ihrer Freiheit einen Sinn geben. Thomas Assheuer zeichnet nach, wie Strauß seine originelle Kritik am »Spätkapitalismus« zu einer Kritik an der Moderne radikalisiert und nicht mehr auf eine »neue Sprache« hofft, sondern auf die »Wiederkehr der Götter«.
Kunstpädagogik in der Praxis
Authors: Marr Stefanie
Published: August 2014

Kunstpädagogik ist ein unverzichtbarer Bestandteil der allgemeinen Bildung: Sie ermöglicht kulturelle Teilhabe. Da sich das dem Fach zugeschriebene Vermögen allerdings oftmals nicht in seinen Ergebnissen spiegelt, bleibt ihm der Erfolg verwehrt. Es gilt, dem Umsetzungsproblem künstlerischer Bildung entgegenzuwirken. Anhand von diversen Unterrichtsbeispielen gibt Stefanie Marr Impulse für eine wirksame Kunstvermittlung. Sie zeigt konkret, wie die gewünschten Fähigkeiten gelehrt werden können, und legt dar, wie eine der kunstpädagogischen Theorie gerecht werdende Praxis aussehen kann.
Das Nichts und der Schmerz
Authors: Schnatwinkel Sarina
Published: August 2014

Die Romane von Bret Easton Ellis erfordern einen starken Magen, lösen Gänsehaut aus - und sind dennoch faszinierend. Nicht umsonst sind sie scharf kritisiert, aber auch umjubelt worden. Was also macht den Reiz der Romane des Skandalautors aus? Sarina Schnatwinkel beantwortet diese Frage, indem sie alle sechs bisher erschienenen Romane von Ellis kritisch unter die Lupe nimmt. Dafür werden erstmals anhand einer emotionshermeneutischen Textanalyse und einer rezeptionsästhetischen Interpretation die Textstrategien einer anti-emotionalen Erzählästhetik offengelegt, die das Leseerlebnis zu einer schmerzvollen und gleichermaßen packenden Erfahrung machen.
In der Gesellschaft der Gene
Authors: Thomaschke Dirk
Published: August 2014

Die Humangenetik ist von großer Aktualität - nicht nur für Medizin und Naturwissenschaft, sondern auch für das Selbstverständnis von Individuen und Gesellschaften. Ihre jüngere Geschichte in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts ist jedoch bislang kaum zum Gegenstand geschichtswissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen geworden. Dirk Thomaschke vergleicht erstmals die Entwicklung der modernen Humangenetik in Deutschland und Dänemark und rekonstruiert hierbei die Raum- und Subjektkonstruktionen des humangenetischen Diskurses. Die Studie weist weit über wissenschaftshistorische Debatten hinaus auf eine Gesellschafts- und Kulturgeschichte beider Länder im 20. Jahrhundert.
Erlesene Erlebnisse
Authors: Hiergeist Teresa
Published: August 2014

Lesen ist alles andere als passives Rezipieren: Wenn eine gruselige Atmosphäre einen nach der Lektüre nicht einschlafen lässt, man über einem spannenden Krimi die Zeit vergisst oder Emma Bovarys Ehebruch herbeiwünscht, obwohl man im Alltag radikaler Verfechter der Treue ist - dann lässt man sich auf den Roman ein und beteiligt sich an ihm. Anhand eines narratologischen Instrumentariums zur Erforschung der Partizipation an Erzähltexten trägt Teresa Hiergeist diesen interaktiven Charakter der Lektüre in die Literaturanalyse hinein. Emotionen, Kognitionen, Evaluationen sowie ästhetische Erfahrungen stehen dabei gleichermaßen im Fokus des Interesses.
The Sounding Museum: Box of Treasures
Authors: Schoer Hein
Published: August 2014

The »Sounding Museum« fuses anthropology, acoustic ecology, soundscape composition, and trans-cultural communication inside the context of museum education. Based on the piece »Two Weeks in Alert Bay«, it supplies researchers, practitioners, and audiences with an instrument to gain an acoustic image of the contemporary cultural and everyday life of the Kwakwaka'wakw of Alert Bay, BC. The project mediates intercultural competence thorough the affective agency of sound. With the coeval »Session Musician's Approach«, introduced and analysed in text, audio, and interactive form, it also bridges the gap between art, science, and education. With a foreword by Barry Truax. The box includes a book, 2 DVD and 1 CD.
Capitalizing on Learners’ Individuality: From Premise to Practice, Authors: Tammy Gregersen and Peter D. MacIntyre, Publisher: Multilingual Matters, 2014, ISBN: 978-1-78309-119-5, Pages: 260
Authors: Pawlak Mirosław
Published: August 2014

Book review
Designated Driver Service Availability and Its Effects on Drunk Driving Behaviors
Authors: Chung Jinhwa , Joo Hailey Hayeon , Moon Seongman
Published: August 2014

Designated driver service in Korea offers a convenient and affordable solution for drunk drivers to reach their destinations with their own vehicles. We investigate the influence of this service availability on drunk driving behaviors, using Korean panel data from 1998 to 2011. We find that an increase in designated driver firms significantly reduces both alcohol-involved and total traffic fatality rates, while the effects of well-known deterrence policies are weak. This result is further supported by a counterfactual analysis which compares the effect of the service on traffic fatality rates in daytime to those in nighttime when the rate of the service use is substantially higher.
Emerging ELF as an intercultural resource: language attitudes and ideologies
Authors: Soler-Carbonell Josep
Published: August 2014

This article discusses the possibility of English becoming a lingua franca in Estonia. It builds on Laitin's (1996) observations regarding the fact that English would become the country's language of inter-group communication among Estonian and Russian speakers. By providing ethnographically collected data and discussing it from the paradigm of language ideologies, the present article clarifies some of Laitin's original observations. While it appears that English has not become a lingua franca in Estonia, this possibility works in given circumstances, even if just sporadically, in order to help solving possible communicative obstacles. It is therefore argued that ELF is actually an extra resource, a tool that speakers can make use of if needed.
DUE FRAMMENTI DI PARODIA FILOSOFICO-RELIGIOSA: I FRR. 582a–b E 583 B DELLE MENIPPEE DI VARRONE
Authors: Rolle Alessandra
Published: August 2014

This essay analyzes two Menippean fragments, quotations of Varro by Seneca and Tertullian respectively (frr. 583 and 582 a-b B., original text incertae sedis). The first of these describes the image of the Stoic god satirically as “round, without head, without prepuce.” This can be read as a caustic rebuttal of the main attributes of the god, such as are presented in fr. 583 B., there considered the rational origin of the whole. The latter fragment, fr. 582 a-b B. mentions a multitude of Ioves without heads and can be interpreted as an ironic reference to the Stoic view of the deity: the Stoic god is at the same time singular and multiple because it is the sole source of generation of the whole. The allusion to the acephalous character of the deities in both fragments suggests an attribution of the passages to the same, lost satire, where a discussion about the nature of the gods took place. In particular, the comparison with some passages of Cicero’s De Natura Deorum permits the identification of the speaker with an Epicurean philosopher who opposes the Stoic conception of the divine.
HENRICH HUDEMANN (ca. 1595–1628) – HOLSTEINS HORAZ
Authors: Haye Thomas
Published: August 2014

The poet Henrich Hudemann (c. 1595 - 1628) from Holstein achieved lasting fame through his innovative contributions to German poetry of the Early Baroque period. They have earned him a place in the manuals of literary history, where his work is considered an important stage in the emergence of a refined vernacular poetry. However, like many of his contemporaries, Hudemann also left an oeuvre of sophisticated Latin poems, inspired mainly by Horace’s lyric poetry.

The present paper investigates Hudemann’s artistic as well as his more practical aims. By using the poetic forms of classical antiquity for the expression of his religious beliefs, Hudemann created a remarkable specimen of Christian humanism through which he hoped to gain access to the leading intellectual figures of Europe, especially Daniel Heinsius.
A lingua tiveran por lingua d'escravos. O autoodio como concepto sociolingüístico
Authors: Freixeiro Mato Xosé Ramón
Published: August 2014

O obxectivo do presente traballo é comprobarmos se o autoodio lingüístico é un concepto vigorante e de utilidade nos estudos de sociolingüística con carácter xeral, e tamén se ten aplicación ao contexto sociolin­güístico galego. Unha vez constatada a presenza do fenómeno, prestarase atención ao modo como se vai xerando e á súa relación con conceptos afíns como os preconceptos lingüísticos, a baixa autoestima, o com­plexo de inferioridade ou a deslealdade lingüística. A partir de aquí lévase a cabo unha descrición do autoo­dio en xeral e do autoodio lingüístico en particular, até chegar á súa definición como categoría sociolingüísti­ca singular. A seguir analízanse algunhas referencias históricas que deixan testemuño da presenza do au­toodio lingüístico na sociedade galega do pasado, os grupos sociais onde puido ter incidencia e a posíbel influencia no proceso de substitución lingüística. Por último, conclúese que o concepto de autoodio con­tinúa a ser válido e necesario na descrición da reali­dade sociolingüística da lingua galega e das linguas minorizadas en xeral. Trátase, en suma, dunha análise histórica do concepto obxecto de estudo.
Perspectives on ATHENA – Cardiovascular Outcomes versus Symptoms – Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Crijns HJGM ,   Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Maastricht, Postbus 5800, 6202 Maastricht, The Netherlands. E: hjgm.crijns@mumc.nl
Published: August 2014

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an arrhythmia with severe consequences for patients in terms of quality of life and survival. Achieving sinus rhythm (SR) through the use of electrocardioversion or rate control drugs is the first-choice strategy for most AF patients. However, maintaining patients in SR has a low success rate, and patients often revert to AF. Antiarrhythmic drugs are frequently used to maintain sinus rhythm, but are also associated with proarrhythmia and a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Dronedarone is an antiarrhythmic drug that has been evaluated in a number of trials and may have benefits over other antiarrhythmic drugs in terms of a lower proarrhythmic potential. The ATHENA trial has assessed the efficacy and safety of dronedarone in treating patients with AF. Dronedarone was shown to reduce the number of hospitalisations or deaths due to cardiovascular events in patients with AF. Its benefit goes beyond purely achieving SR. Moreover, as ATHENA enrolled typical AF patients and examined events that have a direct impact on quality of life, it can be argued that it better represented the real-world setting. This article examines the evidence from ATHENA in light of other AF trials, and discusses the validity of the outcome measures used.
Contrast-enhanced Multislice Computed Tomography of the Heart
Authors: Lehmkuhl Lukas , Grothoff Matthias , Nitzsche Stefan , Foldyna Borek , Thiele Holger , Gutberlet Matthias ,   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Universität Leipzig, Herzzentrum, Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Strümpellstraße 39, D-04289 Leipzig, Germany. E: lukas.lehmkuhl@med.uni-leipzig.de,   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology,   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology,   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology,   Clinic for Internal Medicine/Cardiology, University of Leipzig Heart Centre,   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
Published: August 2014

Since the introduction of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in 1998, non-invasive cardiac imaging has developed rapidly to become a robust method for morphological and functional imaging of the heart. The high temporal resolution and sub-millimetre spatial resolution of modern scanners result in an excellent morphological depiction of coronary arteries and bypass grafts. Recent studies of CT coronary angiography describe a sensitivity of up to 98% and a specificity of up to 91% over all coronary segments. Due to a high negative predictive value of 98–100%, CT coronary angiography is particularly suitable for non-invasive exclusion of coronary heart disease (CHD). Contrastenhanced CT of the heart also allows the assessment of the myocardium, heart valves and pulmonary veins, which can be simultaneously reconstructed from a 3D data set. This article describes the potential of cardiac diagnostics using MSCT, taking into account aspects of dosing and valid guidelines.
Early Treatment of ST-segment-elevation Myocardial Infarction Incorporating Results of the FINESSE Trial
Authors: Janssens Luc ,   Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Imeldahospital, 2820 Bonheiden, Belgium. E: luc.janssens.cardio@telenet.be
Published: August 2014

A significant mortality reduction has been observed in the last few decades in the treatment of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), mainly due to pharmacological and/or mechanical reperfusion therapies. Primary angioplasty has provided further survival benefits compared with thrombolysis. Treatment delays are still common for patients with STEMI who are referred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and have led to clinical trials evaluating the possible clinical benefit of ‘facilitated’ PCI. Clinical trials – principally Facilitated Intervention with Enhanced Reperfusion Speed to Stop Events (FINESSE) – were not able to demonstrate a net clinical benefit of pre-PCI pharmacological reperfusion with thrombolytics, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors or a combination of both therapies. At the same time, the data suggest further study may be needed in certain high-risk groups to address the need to find therapies that improve reperfusion without greatly increasing bleeding risk.
Developments in 3D Echocardiography
Authors: Zamorano Jose Luis ,   Director, Cardiovascular Institute, University Clinic San Carlos, Plaza de Cristo Rey, 28040 Madrid, Spain. E: jlzamorano@vodafone.es
Published: August 2014

3D echocardiography (3DE) will gain increasing acceptance as a routine clinical tool as the technology evolves due to advances in technology and computer processing power. Images obtained from 3DE provide more accurate assessment of complex cardiac anatomy and sophisticated functional mechanisms compared with conventional 2D echocardiography (2DE), and are comparable to those achieved with magnetic resonance imaging. Many of the limitations associated with the early iterations of 3DE prevented their widespread clinical application. However, recent significant improvements in transducer and post-processing software technologies have addressed many of these issues. Furthermore, the most recent advances in the ability to image the entire heart in realtime and fully automated quantification have poised 3DE to become more ubiquitous in clinical routine. Realtime 3DE (RT3DE) systems offer further improvements in the diagnostic and treatment planning capabilities of cardiac ultrasound. Innovations such as the ability to acquire non-stitched, realtime, full-volume 3D images of the heart in a single heart cycle promise to overcome some of the current limitations of current RT3DE systems, which acquire images over four to seven cardiac cycles, with the need for gating and the potential for stitch artefacts.
Individualised Antiplatelet Therapy – Is There a Role for Platelet Function Testing in Routine Clinical Practice?
Authors: Jean-Philippe Collet , van Werkum Jochem Wouter ,   Institut de Cardiologie – INSERM U 937, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47–83, Bd de l’hopital, 75013, Paris, France. E: jean-philippe.collet@psl.aphp.fr,   St Antonius Centre for Platelet Function Research and Department of Cardiology, St Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Koekoekslaan 1, 3435 CM Nieuwegein, The Netherlands. E: woutervanwerkum@gmail.com
Published: August 2014

Antiplatelet therapies are often used to minimise complications in patients with acute coronary syndromes or who are undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting. However, the occurrence of ‘high on-treatment platelet reactivity’ associated with the gold standard treatments aspirin and clopidogrel in a subset of individuals limits the efficacy of these drugs. This lack of response, which has been attributed to a genetic polymorphism, is associated with an increased risk of subsequent atherothrombotic events. In recent years, platelet function assays have been used to monitor antiplatelet inhibition. Various tests have been introduced that allow physicians to evaluate pharmacological response and potentially permit risk stratification of patients. While some of these assays have proved to be labour-intensive, the development of point-of-care assays may ease the time burden in clinical practice. Preliminary findings demonstrate the effectiveness of altering therapy based on assay results in terms of improving clinical outcomes, suggesting an important role for platelet function testing in the future of antiplatelet therapy.
Hypertension Management – Towards Individualisation of Therapy
Authors: Burnier Michel ,   Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Department of Medicine, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. E: michel.burnier@chuv.ch
Published: August 2014

Recently, the 2007 European guidelines on hypertension management were reappraised to include the latest results of several large randomised clinical trials such as the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial (ASCOT) and the Avoiding Cardiovascular Events in Combination Therapy in Patients Living with Systolic Hypertension (ACCOMPLISH) trial. Interestingly, the new critical analysis of published clinical studies has revealed that, in some areas, current recommendations are reasonable but still poorly supported by evidence from clinical studies. Hypertension treatment strategies have also been re-considered with some interesting new conclusions. First, the concept of first-choice therapy and ranking of antihypertensive agents should probably be abandoned because it does not make much clinical sense. Second, the increasing development of combination therapies or single-pill combinations with the fascinating results obtained with the association of a blocker of the renin–angiotensin system and a calcium antagonist is being considered. Thus, since the publication of the ACCOMPLISH trial data, this type of association has become increasingly attractive. The challenge will now be to define who this drug combination will benefit and what will be the relative place of other combination therapies, such as those including a blocker of the renin–angiotensin system and a diuretic, which have been very popular so far.
Galectin-3 in Heart Failure – Linking Fibrosis, Remodelling and Progression
Authors: deFilippi Christopher R , Felker G Michael ,   Division of Cardiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, G3K63, University of Maryland, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, US. E: cdefilip@medicine.umaryland.edu,   Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine
Published: August 2014

For many with heart failure, including the elderly and those with a preserved ejection fraction, both risk stratification and treatment are challenging. For these large populations and others there is increasing recognition of the role of cardiac fibrosis in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Galectin-3 is a novel biomarker of fibrosis and cardiac remodelling that represents an intriguing link between inflammation and fibrosis. In this article we review the biology of galectin-3, recent clinical research and its application in the management of heart failure patients.
Multidetector-row Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease – New Techniques and Insights
Authors: Mahnken Andreas H ,   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. E: mahnken@rad.rwth-aachen.de
Published: August 2014

Over the last decade, cardiac computed tomography (CT) technology has experienced revolutionary changes and gained broad clinical acceptance in the work-up of patients suffering from coronary artery disease (CAD). Since cardiac multidetector-row CT (MDCT) was introduced in 1998, acquisition time, number of detector rows and spatial and temporal resolution have improved tremendously. Current developments in cardiac CT are focusing on low-dose cardiac scanning at ultra-high temporal resolution. Technically, there are two major approaches to achieving these goals: rapid data acquisition using dual-source CT scanners with high temporal resolution or volumetric data acquisition with 256/320-slice CT scanners. While each approach has specific advantages and disadvantages, both technologies foster the extension of cardiac MDCT beyond morphological imaging towards the functional assessment of CAD. This article examines current trends in the development of cardiac MDCT.