bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Government’s and professional associations’ roles in promoting corporate social resposibility – An exploratory in Vietnamese construction firms
Authors: Xuan Le Thi Thanh , Khoa Tran Tien
Published: October 2020

With this large number of operating company, the construction industry in Vietnam needs the direction and supports from the government and professional associations not only in policies, business strategies, information about construction but also in leading and providing CSR information and instruction. By employing qualitative approach with in-depth interview as the main method to collect data, this study is to explore actual managers’ perspectives of the current roles of these two stakeholders in CSR and their expectations for the upcoming years. Two worthy notes need to be concerned. The first note is that the roles of government are really important in issuing appropriate policies and treating businesses fairly. Another note relating that of professional associations points out that construction firms do not have any belief in their operations.
Impact of work-family conflict on job performance of nurses working for hopitals in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Ha Nguyen Minh , An Nguyen Thai
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of Work-Family Conflict on job performance of nurses working for hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). The study conducts survey with 221 nurses working for hospitals in HCMC by questionnaires. The data was analyzed by techniques: Descriptive statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and regression analysis. The findings indicate that four factors driving job performance (from strongest to weakest) are Strain-based Family Interference with Work (SFIW), Strain-based

Work Interference with Family (SWIF), Time-based Work Interference with Family (TWIF), Time- based Family Interference with Work(TFIW).
Impact of relations between employees and customers to the customers’ positive word-of-mouth in real estate industry
Authors: Nam Phan Nhat , Ha Nguyen Minh , Dung Nguyen Huu
Published: October 2020

The study aims to explore and measure the relationship between employees and customers impacting positively to the word-of-mouth of customers who bought house from the real estate developers in Ho Chi Minh City. The study was based on survey data from 300 customers who bought house from the real estate developers in Ho Chi Minh City and using techniques of Cronbach Alpha analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The study shows 4 factors of customer relationship affecting positively customers’ word-of-mouth, including: (1) Familiarity; (2) Personal connection; (3) Care; (4) Trust. From the findings, the study suggests some policy implications to the real estate developers to improve the customers’ positive word-of-mouth.
Effect of exchange rates and gasoline price on export price of Vietnamese coffee
Authors: Hong To Thi Kim
Published: October 2020

Price fluctuation is not only an important issue to economic research but also to corporate managers, especially in agri-business industry. This research applied time series data analysis with linear models to identify and measure the impact of some factors such as exchange rate and gasoline price on the price of Vietnam's coffee exports in the period 2008-2014. With a cointegration between Vietnamese prices and world prices of coffee, the pairwise Granger test indicates the dependence of Vietnam coffee prices on world prices, but not vice-versa or Vietnam price could not affected world prices. The regression results in this study also estimate that exchange rates and gasoline price would affect export price of Vietnamese coffee. The regression models also suggest that coffee producers improve their knowledge on price signals from export markets. With better communication skills in markets sthrough the Internet, coffee producers and exporters would forecast the changes in export price to help them in production planning and empower them in trading negotiation with foreign trading companies.
The influence of govermental management, customers and suppliers relationship to foreign direct investment companies’ performance in Binh Duong province: A qualitative study
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Van , Khoi Nguyen Dinh , An Nguyen Thi Hong
Published: October 2020

Binh Duong province is becoming one of the most attractive locations for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) firms of different origins, yet few studies have been conducted to investigate the several aspects related to FDI firms in Binh Duong. This research aims to evaluate the performance of FDI companies and understand the potential determinants of the performances by utilizing the exploratory approach. The research methodology is carefully designed to ensure the trustworthiness in data collection, coding and analysis. The study finds out four dimensions of Governmental Management: Managerial Political Ties, Institutional Support, Governmental Training Activities and Administrative Procedure that relate to FDI firm performance and competitive advantages. Furthermore, relationship with customers and suppliers manifest correlations with the performance and competitive advantage of FDI enterprises. Finally, this paper suggests some managerial implications for the governmental agencies to improve the current policies to attract more foreign investors. Specifically, FDI companies also get some valuable information when investing in the emerging market like Vietnam in general and Binh Duong province in particular.
Influences of social ties on firms’ performance - A study in Vietnam on corporate social responsibility practices
Authors: Xuan Le Thi Thanh , Khoa Tran Tien
Published: October 2020

Social ties and their influences on firm’s performance are still issues of many debates. The reason is that previous studies gave different findings about the effects of social ties on firm’s performance. This study, therefore, focuses on finding what managers in construction firms perceive of social ties in their business and how these ties affect corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices – an aspect of firm’s performance. To address these research objectives, qualitative approach is employed and in-depth interview with managers in construction firms is conducted to collect the data. Furthermore, the study also explores how managers think of CSR changes in the near future. The research findings show that interviewees strongly believe in CSR changes including both internal and external changes. In terms of social ties, the research also identifies government authorities and professional associations; and business partners as political and business ties, respectively. The findings show that managers easily realize business ties and their effects on CSR practices. Meanwhile, only some managers with years of seniority can perceive of political ties and their effects. The research findings also suggest some noteworthy issues for the authorities of the industry to consider including lack of information among managers about firm’s aspects and relationships, and the significance of professional associations (a type of political ties) although these ties currently have no influences on CSR practices of construction businesses.
Impacts of remittances on foreign direct investment in South East Asia - An empirical investigation
Authors: Long Pham Dinh , Duc Nguyen Van
Published: October 2020

This study investigates the effects of remittances on attracting foreign direct investment flows to South East Asia. Using a balanced panel data set for seven countries in the 2000-2013 period, we find that remittances have a direct positive impact on attracting FDI. Significantly, the result also shows a negative correlation between remittances and FDI attraction in countries with low per capita income and small market size.
Studies on the Roles of Boron in Growth and Sugar-Transport Processes of Sugarcane
Authors: Montalvo-Zapata Rafael
Published: October 2020

Sugarcane growth and quality responses to low boron supply were examined with immature plants propagated in sand culture over a period of 5 1/2 months. Plants receiving only traces of boron in once-distilled water experienced significant growth and quality losses without developing visual B-deficiency symptoms. Growth decline was largely confined to lateral internode expansion. Boron insufficiency lowered sucrose production in leaves and significantly altered the rates of sugar transport in bathing storage-tissue slices. Evidence of biochemical boron roles in leaves and of physical-biochemical roles in storage tissues is presented. The importance of major micronutrient restrictions within the realm of "hidden hunger" is discussed.
A Differential Psychro Test of Plant-Soil-Weather Relationships and Water Use
Authors: Capiel Modesto
Published: October 2020

Results from the study of a differential psychro method for evaluating irrigation needs conducted in a greenhouse support previous laboratory results that the psychrometric potential obtained (∆t) can be related to atmospheric conditions and to the moisture characteristics of the matrix. Weather and plant, or plant-soil parameters, combined effectively to predict ∆t in these investigations. From coffee and from bean plants growing in pots, the actual evapotranspiration rates (Eta), transpiration rates (Tsp), and soil moisture content (0) of the plant pots were averaged for various short time intervals, simultaneously with values of ∆t by the technique described previously by Capiel. Also determined were the corresponding mean values of weather indices, including air temperature (Ta) vapor pressure deficit (ed), net solar radiation (Rn), and potential evapotranspiration (Etp).  It was found by simple regression analysis that, generally, the individual plant, soil, and weather parameters correlated poorly with ∆t. The linear regression of ∆t on ed with coffee plants was found to exhibit the highest simple account (r2 = 0.61) for the fluctuations in ∆t. This is similar to the simple influence of ed in the previously reported laboratory study, by which the moisture characteristics of a gypsum block were also involved in the prediction of ∆t. A step-wise multiple regression of ∆t on several combinations of plant, soil and weather indices appeared to be profitable on improving the prediction of ∆t. This was especially helpful when evaluating ∆t in the bean plants. These exhibited much more intensive transpiration rates than coffee under comparable environmental conditions. The model equation ∆t = f(Eta, Rn y ed) accounted for 91.7 percent of the fluctuations in ∆t, and all the three parameters were highly significant in their effects. This prediction even excelled ∆t = f(Eta, Etp) in which both indices portray the actual and the potential water needs of crops, respectively. Multiple regression did not work as well in coffee as in bean plants. However, in ∆t = f(Tsp, Tsp2, Rn, ed), the linear and quadratic factors accounted for 76.4 percent of the fluctuations in ∆t, and all the four parameters were highly significant. It was interesting to note that by incorporating the quadratic term Tsp2 beside the linear (Tsp), both became highly significant. In other words, by providing a moderating adjustment to the linear increase of transpiration as evaporative demands increased (Rn, ed), ∆t could be more "effectively" predicted. It is thus suggested that intrinsic plant characteristics can also be related to the prediction of ∆t by multiple regression analysis as found with coffee plants.
Protein Content and Amino Acid Balance of Yams
Authors: Martin F. W. , Thompson A. E.
Published: October 2020

The total protein of 38 yam (Dioscorea) cultivars, as tested by Kjeldahl methods, and their amino acid composition, determined by high temperature hydrolysis and GLC chromatography, are reported. Species and varieties differed in total protein and total amino acid contents. Proteins of four species, but not D. alata, were somewhat low in lysine. Proteins of all species were deficient in sulphur-containing amino acids, methionine, and especially cystine. Varietal differences, however, suggest that cultivars can be selected with more balanced protein.
The Use of Ammonium Bifluoride on Yeast Propagation and Fermentation of Blackstrap Molasses
Authors: De González Isabel M. , Murphy Nivia F.
Published: October 2020

The use of fluorides for controlling bacterial contamination in commercial production of rum led to several experiments to evaluate ammonium bifluoride as a bacterial inhibitor and test its effects on yeast fermentation, yeast growth and preservation. Sensitivity tests were performed with bacteria isolated from molasses mashes. The results indicated that with 400 mg. of ammonium bifluoride per liter, bacterial population on fermenting mashes can be reduced considerably. Laboratory-scale batch fermentation experiments were conducted to study the effect of ammonium bifluoride on alcohol production. The results obtained indicate that ammonium bifluoride does not affect the fermentative characteristics of yeasts in concentrations of up to 1,000 mg. per liter tested. The effect of ammonium bifluoride on yeast growth and viability during storage also was investigated. It was demonstrated that this salt is highly inhibitory to yeast propagation and adversely affects yeast viability after yeast growth terminates.
Notes on the Accidental Introduction of Umbonia crassicornis (Amyot and Serville)— (Hemiptera: Membracidae) into Puerto Rico and its Control
Authors: Martorell Luis F. , García-Tudurí José C.
Published: October 2020

Umbonia crassicornis Amyot & Serville, a continental tropical American treehopper or membracid, probably was introduced accidentally into Puerto Rico from the mainland. The manner of introduction is not known, but possibly either with infested plant material hidden in passenger baggage or as a fertile female hitchhiker in an airplane arriving at San Juan from the U.S. where it apparently found suitable breeding conditions in the vicinity of the Isla Verde International Airport. This treehopper mainly attacks leguminous trees. It was seen first in the Santurce area of San Juan, in May 1972, attacking its favorite host, Pithecellobium dulce trees. It since has spread throughout several towns in the interior of the Island, and along the north and west coast as far as Mayagüez. It has been recorded locally thus far on 11 different host trees. Umbonia is considered to be a pest of ornamental trees and thus is of economic importance. Although it has not killed trees thus far in Puerto Rico, it has affected their appearance by destroying many of their twigs and branches. When massive infestations occur, adults of both sexes and their nymphal stages are present by the thousands on the branches of the trees. The insect secretes honeydew, a sugary substance favorable to the growth of sooty-molds. These fungal growths cause blackening of foliage of plants upon which the honeydew falls. The female has a long pointed spinal process on the pronotum. This horny, splinter-like protuberance is a nuisance for barefooted people, as well as for those who catch the insect inadvertently. These treehoppers can be controlled by periodic spray applications of any one of the following insecticides: Diazinon AG-500, Spectracide, Sevin 80, Malathion 57%, Isotox Garden Spray, and Endosulfan.
EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON SWEET POTATO STEM CUTTINGS
Authors: Cuevas-Ruiz J. , Koo F. K. S. , Morales-Muñoz A.
Published: October 2020

EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON SWEET POTATO STEM CUTTINGS
Título en español.
Authors: Rubén Caro-Costas  , José Vicente-Chandler
Published: October 2020

Se determinó la producción de leche en tres lactancias sucesivas de nueve vacas Holstein alimentadas exclusivamente con yerba, en pastos con declive en la región montañosa húmeda de Puerto Rico. Los pastos, que se abonaron con 1 tonelada de la fórmula 15-5-10 por acre al año, mantuvieron una vaca por acre sin alimento suplementario alguno. El forraje ingerido por las vacas al pastar contenía de 16.5 a 20.2 por ciento de proteína, dependiendo de la época del año. Las vacas produjeron un promedio de 4,497, 8,132 y 8,573 libras de leche durante su primera, segunda y tercera lactancias, respectivamente. Las lactancias duraron un promedio de 263, 290 y 280 días, respectivamente, con un intervalo promedio de 12.3 meses entre partos. Las vacas pesaron un promedio de 929 libras al parir por primera vez, aumentando a 1,148 libras en el tercer parto. Un modelo económico basado en estos resultados demuestra que la alimentación de vacas exclusivamente con pastos cultivados intensivamente en la región montañosa de Puerto Rico puede ser muy gananciosa.
Título en español.
Authors: A. Sotomayor-Ríos  , J. Rodríguez-García  , S. Silva
Published: October 2020

Cuatro yerbas forrajeras: Pangola, Digitaria decumbens Stent; Tanner, Brachiaria mutica; una selección de Bermuda, Cynodon dactylon var. coursii y Hexapangola, Digitaria decumbens Stent, fueron evaluadas bajo corte en la Subestación de Corozal, que está localizada en la región húmeda montañosa de Puerto Rico. Se determinó el efecto del corte de las yerbas a 2 y a 6 pulgadas de altura cada 30, 45 y 60 días durante 2 años. Todas las yerbas se abonaron con la fórmula 15-5-10 a razón de 2 toneladas por acre por año. La mejor productora de forraje seco fue la Bermuda, Cydonon dactylon var. coursii, mientras que la Pangola y la Hexapangola demonstraron tener el contenido más alto de proteína cruda. Las yerbas produjeron más forraje y proteína cruda por acre por año cuando se cortaron a 2, que a 6 pulgadas del suelo. La producción de forraje verde y de forraje seco aumentó mientras que el contenido promedio de proteína cruda disminuyó según se alargó el intervalo entre los cortes. Se observó una interacción significativa entre la variedad y el intervalo de corte en cuanto a la producción de forraje seco. Durante el invierno los rendimientos fueron más bajos independientemente del intervalo entre cortes. La yerba Bermuda, Cynodon dactylon var. coursii, cortada a 2 pulgadas del suelo cada 60 días produjo 28,247 libras de forraje seco por acre por año con un contenido de 9.0 por ciento de proteína.
Título en español.
Authors: José C. García Tudurí  , Silverio Medina Gaud  , Luis F. Martorell
Published: October 2020

En este trabajo se enumeran 53 especies de insectos de la isla de Desecheo y se incluyen algunas notas entomológicas respecto a esa isla.
EVOLUTION OF EXTREMELY COMPLICATED SEX CHROMOSOME SYSTEMS IN BLAPS (COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Niilo Virkki
Published: October 2020

EVOLUTION OF EXTREMELY COMPLICATED SEX CHROMOSOME SYSTEMS IN BLAPS (COLEOPTERA)
Título en español.
Authors: H. L. Cancel
Published: October 2020

Se llevaron a cabo estudios sobre el comportamiento durante el almacenamiento de la piña Española Roja cosechada en cuatro estados de madurez aparente. La fruta se clasificó respecto a su madurez aparente a base del área de la fruta que mostraba un color amarillo anaranjado. Las frutas se almacenaron bajo diferentes condiciones de temperatura y humedad relativa. Durante el almacenamiento, las frutas se analizaron periódicamente para determinar sus componentes químicos y se evaluaron sensorialmente. La piña clasificada como "un cuarto madura" fue evaluada en cuanto a su calidad como más aceptable que la designada "verde para embarque", que es la que se cosecha actualmente para la exportación. Se determinó que las condiciones controladas de almacenamiento que simulaban las del embarque, o sea una temperatura de 45° F (7.2° C), una húmeda relativa que variaba entre 80 y 90 por ciento y una circulación de aire adecuada por 7 días eran aceptables para la fruta clasificada como "un cuarto madura". Esta fruta puede mantenerse en condiciones muy buenas de mercadeo por 9 días adicionales bajo las condiciones de almacenamiento que prevalecen en los supermercados, o sea de 60° F (15.6° C) y 75 por ciento de humedad relativa.
Título en español.
Authors: E. J. Rodríguez-Sosa  , M. A. González
Published: October 2020

Se estudiaron las características de la pastosidad en mezclas acuosas de ñame Florido (D. alata) preparadas de hojuelas instantáneas de cinco tamaños diversos. También se determinó el índice del valor azul (blue value index) en las cinco muestras. El tamaño de las hojuelas tuvo un marcado efecto en el índice del valor azul y en la viscosidad de las mezclas acuosas, según determinación hecha por el Amilo-Viscógrafo Brabender. El coeficiente de correlación entre el valor azul y la viscosidad inicial de las mezclas acuosas preparadas de hojuelas de ñame fue bastante alto (r = 0.96).
Título en español.
Authors: Lii-Jang Liu  , A. Rodríguez-Marcano
Published: October 2020

El contenido óptimo de extracto de cachaza en una mezcla para promover el crecimiento del micelio de varias cepas de Thielaviopsis paradoxa, aislada de la caña de azúcar y de la piña, fue 19 por ciento. Las altas proporciones de cachaza propiciaron la patogenicidad de T. paradoxa en la variedad de caña P.R. 980. El grado de infección de la caña de azúcar por este hongo aumentó al aumentar el porcentaje de cachaza. La concentración óptima de cloruro de sodio en un medio de agar en agua para promover el crecimiento del micelio fue entre 0.3 y 0.6 por ciento. El ritmo de infección de los pedazos de caña de azúcar con T. paradoxa (cepa obscura) fue menor cuanto más alto fue el contenido de cloruro de sodio en la arena, al inocularse aquéllos a una temperatura entre 22° y 25°C.
Preliminary Evaluation of Ten Sweet Sorghum Varieties for Sugar Production in Puerto Rico
Authors: Alsina Eduardo , Valle-Lamboy S. , Méndez-Cruz A. V.
Published: October 2020

Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of date of planting and maturity stages of sweet sorghum on yields as sugar per acre. A cyclical pattern of production was observed. Planting from January to July constituted the high yield season while from August to December constituted the low yielding one. Differences between yield at the milk, hard dough and dry stages of grain maturity were minimal. When comparing ratoon crop production with that of the plant crop, a marked yield decline was obtained.
Effect of Fertilizer N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Si on Tomato Yields in an Oxisol
Authors: Abrams R. , Cruz-Pérez L. , Pietri-Oms R. , Juliá F. J.
Published: October 2020

The effect of different levels of N, P, and K with and without Ca, Mg and Si, was studied on tomato cultivar Floradel at the Isabela Experiment Substation. The results obtained revealed that 224 Kg N and P/ha appear to be adequate for tomato production in a Coto clay, an Oxisol. A fertilizer-yield equation was employed to describe the relationship between applications of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the yield in metric tons/ha of marketable tomatoes, in an experiment conducted in the same soil. The equation fitted very well the yield data obtained with nitrogen and phosphorus, but not so well mth that obtained with potassium. The poor fit of the potassium equation may have been due to the high level of potassium in the soil.
Notes on the Life Cycle of the Tobacco Hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera; Sphingidae), in Puerto Rico
Authors: Inglés Casanova Rafael , Medina Gaud Silverio
Published: October 2020

The life cycle of the sphingid moth, Manduca sexta (L.), the tobacco hornworm, was investigated in Puerto Rico. Descriptions of the stages, including measurements of the egg (length and width), larva (length and head capsule width), pupa (length), and the duration of each of the stages are given. The estimated leaf consumption by each larval instar, a list of known host plants, and the natural enemies known to occur in Puerto Rico are included.
EFFECT OF TWO TRANSPLANTING MEDIA ON EGGPLANTS
Authors: Almodóvar Luis , Sierra Carmelo , Reyes Ismael
Published: October 2020

EFFECT OF TWO TRANSPLANTING MEDIA ON EGGPLANTS
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF THE LEAFHOPPER (EMPOASCA FABAE (HARRIS)) ON SNAP BEANS
Authors: Cruz Carlos
Published: October 2020

CHEMICAL CONTROL OF THE LEAFHOPPER (EMPOASCA FABAE (HARRIS)) ON SNAP BEANS
Studies on the Freezing of Green Plantains (Musa paradisiaca) II. Sulfitation to Control Browning
Authors: Sánchez Nieva F. , Bueso C. E. , Hernández I.
Published: October 2020

The SO2 content of green plantain slices sulfited in metabisulfite solutions increases with dipping time, but not in direct linear relationship. Increasing the concentration of the dipping solution resulted in a proportional increase in the SO2 content. Lowering the pH of the sulfiting solution resulted in higher SO2 uptake. Sulfurous acid solutions at pH 2.2 gave the higher SO2 content at a given clipping time. When sulfiting plantain slices in K2S2O5 solutions at pH 3.3, blanching increases the bisulfite absorption. Sulfiting in sulfurous acid solutions resulted in higher levels of SO2 in hand peeled unblanched slices and lowest in steam peeled and blanched slices. The SO2 content increased with the length of the blanching treatment for both water and steam blanching. Increasing the temperature during water blanching from 71.1° C (160° F) to 93.3° C 200° F) had no appreciable effect on the SO2 content. When slices were sulfited in K2S2O5 solutions, the loss of SO2 during frying was greater in blanched fruit, either hand- or steam-peeled. When the slices were sulfited in sulfurous acid solutions, the greater loss of SO2 during frying occurred in steam peeled fruit and neither the blanching method used nor the temperature had any effect on the SO2 loss. Sulfiting to levels of 100-150 p/m SO2 proved effective in controlling browning. The loss at this level during frying amounted to 50-60 percent, leaving a residue of SO2 which could not be detected by tasters, and did not affect the flavor of the product.
Studies on the Freezing of Plantains (Musa paradisiaca) III. Effect of Stage of Maturity at Harvest on Quality of Frozen Products
Authors: Sánchez Nieva F. , Bueso C. E. , Hernández I.
Published: October 2020

The stage of development of the fruit of plantain at harvest was found to affect the quality of fried products prepared from raw and prefried frozen green slices. When harvested from 48 to 125 days after shooting, with a pulp content ranging from 48 to 68 percent, tasters always selected as superior the fried slices prepared from fruit with a pulp content of 60 percent or over. The effect of the stage of development on quality was more pronounced on the attribute of appearance than on flavor. For commercial processing, products of acceptable quality can be prepared from plantains with a pulp content ranging from 55 to 65 percent.
ON THE CRYPTOBIOSIS OF LYMNAEA CUBENSIS, THE SNAIL VECTOR OF FASCIOLA HEPATICA IN PUERTO RICO
Authors: Chiriboga J. , Ritchie L. S. , De León D.
Published: October 2020

ON THE CRYPTOBIOSIS OF LYMNAEA CUBENSIS, THE SNAIL VECTOR OF FASCIOLA HEPATICA IN PUERTO RICO
Flours Made from Edible Yams (Dioscorea spp.) as a Substitute for Wheat Flour
Authors: Martin Franklin W. , Ruberté Ruth
Published: October 2020

Flours were prepared from peeled, sliced, dried, and ground tubers of several species and varieties of yam, Dioscorea spp. The flours were used in conventional cookery as a wheat flour substitute in pancakes, cupcakes, and breads. Differences were found among yam flours in color, odor, and in their suitability as a substitute for wheat flour. Acceptable products were made using 50 percent, or in some cases 100 percent, yam flour. Varieties that yield superior flours were selected. Yam flour prepared from appropriate varieties grown under advanced and economical methods could reduce need for imported wheat flour.
Nutritional Deficiencies of Yams (Dioscorea spp.) and Related Effects on Yield and Leaf Composition
Authors: Gastambide Socorro , Cibes Héctor R.
Published: October 2020

Deficiencies in the nutrition of the yam (Dioscorea rotundata) cultivar Habanero were studied in the greenhouse using sand culture. Symptoms were produced by the omission in the nutrient solution of one of each of the following elements: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, manganese, and boron. Lack of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, or sulfur restricted growth and tuber yield significantly. The most striking foliar symptoms were produced in plants lacking potassium. Necrotic spots, which appeared along the margins of well developed leaves, soon coalesced and produced rolling of margins and tips. In advanced stages, the whole plant showed a burnt appearance followed by shedding of foliage. Plants lacking magnesium showed an exhuberant growth despite developing a marked interveinal chlorosis in the older leaves on the bottom half of the plant and tuber formation was negligible. Lack of calcium caused deformation and severe damage to the skin of tubers which were rough and corky. Lack of iron, manganese, and boron resulted in significantly reduced growth and tuber formation. Mild chlorosis appeared in leaves of minus iron and manganese treatments. Lack of boron caused brown rot inside the tubers. Leaf analyses indicated that omission of some nutrient elements influenced the absorption of others and/or their accumulation in the leaves.
Título en español.
Authors: H. Kayongo-Male  , J. W. Thomas  , D. E. Ullrey  , R. J. Deans  , J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú
Published: October 2020

Ciento una muestras de yerbas tropicales de 30 días de edad se evaluaron con respecto a sus componentes químicos. Estas ya estaban establecidas en parcelas de 10 m.2 en la colección de gramíneas del Colegio de Ciencias Agrícolas de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, localizada en Mayagüez. Las yerbas se abonaron ligeramente con nitrato amónico a razón de 350 kg./Ha. El contenido de proteína cruda varió de 9.8 a 23.8% mientras que el de lignina varió de 2.6 a 7.9% Se obtuvieron variaciones amplias en contenidos de fibra neutrodetergente (45.7 a 79.2%), fibra ácidodetergente (30.9 a 45.3%), hemicelulosa (11.7 a 37.5%) y sílice (0.4 a 5.5%). Los estimados de digestibilidad obtenidos por el metodo de Tilley y Terry y la digestibilidad de la fibra neutrodetergente presentaron variaciones amplias: 42.6 a 66.0 y 22.0 a 62.0%, respectivamente. El coeficiente de desaparici6n de la materia seca total vari6 de 44.3 a 78.2%. Los estimados de digestibilidad a base de ecuaciones de predieción variaron de 74.0 a 94.5% para la materia seca digestible estimada, de 67.3 a 91.7% para la materia seca real digestible estimada y de 54.4 a 78.8% para la materia seca parente digestible estimada. El análisis de varianza presentó variaciones significativas entre y dentro de los géneros, indicando la posibilidad de mejoramiento genético por selección de ciertos géneros a base del alto valor nutritivo. La correlación de la sílice con la digestibilidad varió entre los géneros. La fibra ácidodetergente aparentemente es más importante que la lignina para determinar los valores de digestibilidad. La contribución de la razón lignina a fibra ácidodetergente al estimar la digestibilidad, incluyendo todos los datos, fue mucho menor para los estimados in vitro que para los estimados calculados de ecuaciones predictivas. Esto tiende a indicar que la lignificación de la celulosa tiene una menor influencia en la digestibilidad de los forrajes tropicales que en los de zonas templadas. Los coeficientes de digestibilidad basados en los componentes fibrosos no estuvieron bien correlacionados con los coeficientes de digestibilidad in vitro, lo cual indica que las ecuaciones de predicción desarrolladas para los forrajes de zonas templadas no son necesariamente las más adecuadas para los forrajes tropicales. Se observó una gran variación en los coeficientes de correlación obtenidos entre los correspondientes parámetros evaluados en cuatro géneros: Paspalum, Pennisetum, Digitaria y Panicum.
Título en español.
Authors: Fernando Abruña  , Jacinto Figarella  , Rubén Caro-Costas
Published: October 2020

Se determinó la eficacia de varios compuestos de urea y de cloruro de potasio recubiertos con azufre cuando se aplicaron a la yerba Estrella sembrada en un suelo Ultisol bajo condiciones típicas de los trópicos húmedos. La aplicación de nitrógeno en forma de urea en seis aplicaciones al año o una aplicación anual de los compuestos de urea recubiertos con azufre (T.V. 1415 y 1255) lograron una recuperación mayor de nitrógeno del forraje en contraste con la urea en una sola aplicación al año. La aplicación de potasio en forma de cloruro de potasio en seis aplicaciones al año arrojó un porcentaje mayor de potasio recuperable en el forraje, que cuando se aplicó todo de una sola vez. Los varios compuestos recubiertos con azufre en una aplicación no arrojaron porcentajes de recuperación de potasio en el forraje más elevados que el obtenido con cloruro de potasio en una aplicación.
Título en español.
Authors: A. Wahab  , H. Talleyrand  , M. A. Lugo-López
Published: October 2020

En este estudio se provee información de carácter fundamental para ayudar a clarificar las relaciones entre el crecimiento, los redimientos, la profundidad de penetración las raíces de maíz y la disponibilidad de agua en suelos Ultisols y Oxisols. El maíz se sembró a principios de enero de 1973 en Barranquitas y Corozal. Las parcelas experimentales se encalaron, se abonaron y se trataron con pesticidas. En Corozal hubo que resembrar en febrero por la baja germinación de la semilla. Se tomaron datos meteorológicos, de la humedad del suelo y la tensión con que esta se retenía, del crecimiento y los déficits hídricos de las plantas y de la profundidad de penetración de las raíces. Al cosechar, tanto el grano como el rastrojo se pesaron. En cada localidad, se regó una parcela cuantas veces fue necesario para mantener la tensión de agua del suelo a menos de l bar. Los resultados indican que: 1) durante una sequía prolongada y en la etapa en que esta llenándose el grano, el maíz sembrado en el Oxisol extrae agua hasta a 120 cm. de profundidad; las plantas sufren por falta de agua después que la tensión, a una profundidad de 90 cm., llega a 15 bares; 2) en el Ultisol, las plantas de maíz no pueden extraer agua del suelo eficazmente a profundidades mayores de 30 cm.; 3) el desarrollo de las plantas fue mayor en el Oxisol en Barranquitas que en el Ultisol en Corozal; 4) los rendimientos de maíz en el Oxisol se aproximaron a las 9.4 T/Ha.; y 5) la compactación relativa del Ultisol es mayor que la del Oxisol.
THE IMMATURE STAGES OF Copestylum vacuum (F.) (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE), A NEW RECORD FOR PUERTO RICO
Authors: J. Maldonado Capriles  , Angel Berrios
Published: October 2020

THE IMMATURE STAGES OF Copestylum vacuum (F.) (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE), A NEW RECORD FOR PUERTO RICO
Zeolitová mineralizace z Libé u Chebu (Česká republika)
Authors: Pauliš Petr , Svejkovský Jiří , Dolníček Zdeněk , Matys Petr , Vrtiška Luboš , Malíková Radana , Pour Ondřej
Published: October 2020

A new occurrence of zeolite mineralization with phillipsite-K, phillipsite-Ca, thomsonite-Ca, natrolite and gonnardite has been discovered in an active basalt quarry in the Libá village near Cheb (Czech Republic). Phillipsites in small cavities form druses of white or colourless crystals up to 1 mm in size. Chemical analyses of phillipsite-K correspond to the empirical formula (K1.85Na1.24Ca0.83Ba0.27Sr0.01)Σ4.20(Al6.28Si10.33O32)·12H2O and phillipsite-Ca to (Ca1.84K1.33Na0.14Ba0.06)Σ3.37(Al5.97Si10.20O32)·12H2O. The unit-cell parameters were refined from the powder X-ray data for phillipsite-Ca as: a 9.924(2), b 14.309(3), c 8.7414(14) Å, β 124.92(2)° and V 1017.8(5) Å3. Thomsonite-Ca forms transparent hemispheric radial aggregates up to 1 cm in size. Its unit-cell parameters refined from the powder X-ray data are a 13.105(5), b 13.857(5), c 13.247(6) Å and V 2266.7(6) Å3 and its chemical analyses correspond to the empirical formula Ca1.79Sr0.18Na1.05(Al4.81 Si5.15)O20·6H2O. Natrolite occurs as snow white hemispheric radial clusters. Its unit-cell parameters refined from the powder X-ray data are a 18.326(7), b 18.569(7), c 6.594(3) Å and V 2243.8(9) Å3 and empirical formula is Na1.60Ca0.05(Al2.08 Si3.02)O10·2H2O. Gonnardite forms colourless or white aggregates of flat acicular crystals up to 2 mm in size. Its unit-cell parameters refined from the powder X-ray data are a 13.221(8), c 6.6233(4) Å and V 1156.9 Å3 and empirical formula is (Na3.14Ca2.21Sr0.02)Σ5.37(Al8.92Si11.41)Σ20.33O40·12H2O.
Mn-nabohacené tetraedrity z rumunských ložisek Cavnic, Botești a Săcărâmb
Authors: Velebil Dalibor , Sejkora Jiří , Dolníček Zdeněk
Published: October 2020

Eight samples of members of tetrahedrite group from Romanian deposits were examined in terms of their chemical composition studied by means of electron microprobe; five samples from Cavnic, two from Botești and one from Săcărâmb. Mean composition of all samples is corresponding to tetrahedrite-(Zn) and most of them contain Mn. The three Cavnic tetrahedrites contain up to 0.17 apfu, the two Botești samples contain up to 0.42 apfu and the Săcărâmb sample up to 0.83 apfu Mn. Pb and Sn were present at levels up to 0.01 apfu but entering of Pb and Sn into the crystal structure of tetrahedrite group minerals is questionable. In spite of the significant presence of Te is characteristic for the Botești and Săcărâmb deposits, the studied tetrahedrites from these deposits are virtually Te-free (only locally contents of Te up to 0.05 apfu were detected in one sample).
Výskyty hydrotermálnej Sb-Au mineralizácie na lokalitách Lomnistá, Husárka a Suchá dolina pri Jasení (Nízke Tatry)
Authors: Čík Štefan , Chovan Martin , Majzlan Juraj
Published: October 2020

Ore mineralization in small Sb-Au occurrences Lomnistá, Husárka and Suchá dolina (Nízke Tatry Mts., Western Carpathians) was investigated by reflected-light microscopy, electron microprobe, fluid inclusion measurements, identification of host rock alteration and secondary minerals. Hydrothermal Sb-Au mineralization was formed during the arsenopyrite-pyrite-gold and stibnite-Pb-Sb-sulfosalts stages. The first stage of mineralization consists of arsenopyrite, pyrite, and quartz, but gold, typical for this stage in the Nízke Tatry Mts. is missing. Stibnite and zinkenite are dominant in the following stage in Lomnistá and Husárka. Berthierite and jamesonite are frequent in Suchá dolina. Other ore minerals identified here are sphalerite, chalcostibite, chalcopyrite, cinnabar, tetrahedrite-(Hg) at Lomnistá and Husárka and pyrrhotite, chalcostibite, tetrahedrite-(Fe), chalcopyrite, antimony, and gold in Suchá dolina. Identified secondary minerals are valentinite and stibiconite. Stibnite, gold, and other ore minerals were found in heavy-mineral fractions from alluvial sediments, pointing at short transport from the primary sources. Two quartz samples, thought to be related to stibnite or berthierite, contained two-phase fluid inclusions with salinity of 10 - 20 wt.% NaCl eq. The total homogenization temperatures are 230 - 330 ºC in Lomnistá and 200 - 260 ºC in Suchá dolina.
Intézményen belüli szakápolás a Nyíregyházi Szociális Gondozási Központ idősek otthonában
Authors: Szilvásiné Bojda Márta
Published: October 2020

Az integrált intézményként működő Nyíregyházi Szociális Gondozási Központ két telephelyen, 63 férőhellyel működteti Idősek Bentlakásos Intézményét. Az ellátottak átlagéletkora 85 év. A mindennapi gondozásuk, ápolásuk egyre összetettebb feladat, melyek egy része kórházi ellátást igényel. Tapasztalataink szerint az idős, estlegesen a betegségtől legyengült ellátottak kórházba szállítása, az ott, várakozással és ellátással töltött idő még inkább megviseli a szervezetüket, pszichés állapotukat. Az ellátottak és hozzátartozóik igényeihez igazodva a két telephelyen kiegészítő tevékenységként, egészségügyi szolgáltatást vezettünk be, mely kifejezetten a szociális ellátórendszerre épül, és legalizálja az intézményen belüli egészségügyi ellátást.
Összefoglaló - Help wanted? Poviding and Paying for Long term Care. The Impact of Caring on Family Carers
Authors: Patyán László
Published: October 2020

Az eredeti jelentést az OECD adta ki 2011-ben.Forrás: www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/47884865.pdf

A jelentésben az OECD a családtagok, rokonok, ismerősök, barátok, szomszédok által nem fizetésért végzett gondozási tevékenységek gazdasági és társadalmi jelentőségére hívja fel a figyelmet a szervezet.
POPULATION GROWTH AND PREFERENCE CHANGE IN A GENERALIZED SOLOW GROWTH MODEL WITH GENDER TIME DISTRIBUTIONS
Authors: Zhang Wei-Bin
Published: October 2020

he study builds a model of dynamic interactions between the birth rate, the mortality rate, the population, wealth accumulation, time distribution between work, leisure and children caring, habit formation and preference change. The production technology and markets are built on the Solow growth model. We base our modeling the population dynamics on the Haavelmo population model and the Barro-Becker fertility choice model. This study takes account of habit formation and preference change. Although it is influenced by the Ramsey growth theory with time preference and habit formation, it uses Zhang’s approach to the household with habit formation and preference change. We synthesize different dynamic forces in a compact framework, using the utility function proposed by Zhang. Analytically, we focus on transitional processes as well as economic equilibrium. As the economic system is given by autonomous nonlinear differential equations, it is not easy to analyze its behavior. We simulate the model to demonstrate the existence of an equilibrium point and plot the motion of the dynamic system. We examine the effects of changes in weights given to the habit stock of children, the wife’s wage rate having negative impact on the propensity to have children, the wife weighing less the habit stock of leisure time, the wife’s habit stock of leisure time having negative impact on the husband’s propensity to use leisure time, the wife’s wage rate having negative impact on the husband’s propensity to use leisure time, woman’s human capital being improved, a rise in the total factor productivity, and the mother spending more time on each child fostering.
BUDGET AND POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND BUDGETARY PERFORMANCE
Authors: Adegboye Abidemi C. , Edafe Joel , Iweriebor Samuel
Published: October 2020

In this study, the role of budget and political institutions in promoting the efficiency of the budget process in Nigeria is examined. Efficiency of the budget process is described as budget activities that aid fiscal policy to respond asymmetrically to the business cycle by contracting during booms and expanding during recession. The direct institutions guiding the budget process as well as politically motivated institutional influences are considered in the study in order to show their varied impacts. Descriptive and correlation analyses are employed in describing the relationships using budget data obtained from annual budget reports in Nigeria. The empirical results from the study compare well with both regional and international positions; the budgetary process in Nigeria is fraught with largescale inefficiencies in terms of preparation and allocations. Moreover, budget institutions in Nigeria are shown to be weak in terms of maintaining accelerated processes or efficient resource use. The institutions do not provide the expected formidable guard against inefficiency of budget outcomes in Nigeria. This is largely due to strong influences of political factors in fiscal operation which, in turn, is due to inconsistent oil price development overtime. Thus, more external factors appear to bear in on the budgetary processes in Nigeria. To ensure improved countercyclical fiscal performance based on budgetary provisions therefore, the institutional framework of budget processes has to be strengthened.
The Historical Retrospect of an Overlooked Business Opportunity Within the Aerospace Sector
Authors: Gohardani Amir S.
Published: October 2020

The aerospace sector is a dynamic, highly technology-driven industry with a remarkable societal impact. Partially fueled by air transportation and space exploration, the United States aerospace and defense industry generated 143 billion worth in exports in 2017. In light of conventional marketing and management practices pertaining to product development, traditional, non-adaptive product life-cycle management often falls short in this industry, explicitly under circumstances when the customer experience is neglected on a holistic level. Notably, such an approach could indeed result in overlooked business opportunities and strategic planning inconsistencies. In this paper, a specific overlooked aerospace business opportunity is dissected with objectives to depict the potential existence of secondary markets and to suggest a holistic approach to product life-cycle management.
Addressing the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals in Germany
Authors: Sorensen Jocelyn
Published: October 2020

This paper takes a critical look at the United Nations’ sustainable development goals in regard to Germany. This paper will further examine three of the seventeen goals laid out for 2030 focusing on determining what efforts and proposed solutions towards ending poverty, eradicating hunger and achieving gender equality are undertaken. The issues of poverty, hunger and gender equity are an additional source of tension for Germany as they seek to address these concerns domestically while acting as a responsible leader internationally.
Adult Learning and the Advantages of the Online Learning Experience
Authors: Hoon Stephanie , Wilkins Penny
Published: October 2020

This paper discusses several benefits of the online educational experience, specifically as it pertains to the adult learner. The paper focuses on the aspects of collaboration, flexibility, and cultural opportunities. The work concludes that online education is ideal for adult learners because of the aspects of collaboration, flexibility, and diversity it provides utilizing the constructivist approach.
The Quest for Managing Stroke through A Mobile Device Application: A Review Study of Innovative Technologies Related to Cerebrovascular Accident
Authors: Gohardani Amir S. , Sung Jin Woo
Published: October 2020

Stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), is the fifth leading cause of death for Americans, accounting for 140,000 lives each year (“Stroke facts,” 2017). CVA marks 1 out of every 20 deaths and nearly 75% of all strokes occur in people aged 65 years and above (Centers for disease control,” 2017). As a leading cause of long-term disability, stroke can have devastating effects on patients and their caregivers. Despite a number of emerging technologies that could potentially be helpful in the prevention, evaluation, and rehabilitation of strokes, typically, such technologies are limited and only considered for millennials. Similarly, at the present time, there is not a single platform designed specifically for stroke management. This makes access to relevant CVA information for baby boomers and the elderly challenging and the potential edification process rather inefficient. The key objective of this review is to identify and discuss effective technologies that can assist baby boomers, born between 1946 and 1964 in the United States, to manage CVA and further explore possible concerns of baby boomers associated with awareness and accessibility of the aforementioned technologies.
The Formal Deviant: The Innovative Features of E. E. Cummings’s ‘next to of course god america i’
Authors: Viner C.B
Published: October 2020

This article explores the modernist American poet, E. E. Cummings, and his experimentations with the traditional sonnet form in poetry. E. E. Cummings was an influenced by cubism and used the principles of this form to stylize his poetry. He changed the nature of the sonnet form, as seen in his political poem and satire, ‘Next of course god america i’, which this article will explore through close reading and literary analysis.