bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heliorhodopsin Helps Photolyase to Enhance the DNA Repair Capacity
Authors: Shim Jin-gon , Cho Shin-Gyu , Kim Se-Hwan , Chuon Kimleng , Meas Seanghun , Choi Ahreum , Jung Kwang-Hwan
Published: October 2022

This study reports a function for Heliorhodopsin working as a regulatory helper rhodopsin that with CPDII photolyase to broaden the spectrum and upregulating the DNA repair activity. Our results suggested that heliorhodopsin directly controls photolyase activity and coevolves to broaden the DNA repair capacity by protein-protein interaction.
Crystal plasticity enhances trace element mobility in garnet
Authors: Tacchetto Tommaso , Reddy Steven M. , Fougerouse Denis , Clark Chris , Saxey David W. , Rickard William D.A.
Published: October 2022

Chemical heterogeneities along grain boundaries in garnet occur across a wide range of metamorphic conditions, yet the processes underlying their development remain poorly understood. Here we integrate electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and atom probe tomography (APT) to evaluate the mechanisms driving nanoscale trace element mobility to deformation microstructures in a granulite-facies garnet. This approach shows that low-angle boundaries can be enriched in Ca, Ti, P, Cu, K, Na, Cl, and H. Based on the correlation between EBSD and APT data, we propose that solute ions (Ca, Ti, P, and Cu) were segregated to the interface during the migration of dislocation associated with ductile deformation of the grain. In contrast, elements such as K, Na, Cl, and H are interpreted to reflect diffusion along the low-angle boundary from an externally derived fluid source. These results provide the missing link between chemical heterogeneity and deformation-related microstructures in garnet. Our approach shows that a combination of microstructural and nanoscale geochemical analyses can provide unprecedented insights into mechanisms of element transfer within minerals.
Switches of Powerful Nanosecond Current Pulses Based on High-Voltage Units of Shock Ionized Dynistors
Authors: Korotkov S. V. , Aristov Yu. V. , Korotkov D. A.
Published: October 2022

Monounit and modular switches of high-power current pulses with an operating voltage of 12 kV, made on the basis of series-connected shock ionized dynistors, are described. The switching processes of these switches are studied. The dependence of switching energy losses on the control pulse power is determined. The possibility of switching nanosecond current pulses with an amplitude of several kiloamperes at a frequency of several hundred hertz is shown.
Gender-specific psychosocial stressors influencing mental health among women elite and semielite athletes: a narrative review
Authors: Pascoe Michaela , Pankowiak Aurélie , Woessner Mary , Brockett Camilla L , Hanlon Clare , Spaaij Ramón , Robertson Sam , McLachlan Fiona , Parker Alexandra
Published: October 2022

Elite and semielite athletes commonly experience mental health concerns and disorders. Compared with men athletes, women athletes are at greater risk of a range of psychological stressors that contribute to health concerns and mental health disorders, which can impact their career satisfaction and longevity. In order to address and improve the mental health of women athletes, it is necessary to simultaneously tackle the gender specific psychosocial stressors that contribute to mental health outcomes. This narrative review examines the gender-specific stressors that affect mental health and well-being in women athletes, some of which are modifiable. Psychosocial stressors identified include exposure to violence, be it psychological, physical or sexual in nature, which can result in a myriad of acute and long-lasting symptoms; and inequities as reflected in pay disparities, under-representation in the media, fewer opportunities in leadership positions and implications associated with family planning and motherhood. Strategies to promote mental health in women athletes should be considered, and where possible, should proactively address gender-specific stressors likely to influence mental health in order to maximise positive outcomes in women athletes.
Minimizing Convex Functions with Rational Minimizers
Authors: Jiang Haotian
Published: October 2022

Given a separation oracle SO for a convex function
f
defined on ℝ
n
that has an integral minimizer inside a box with radius
R
, we show how to find an exact minimizer of
f
using at most

O(n (n
log log
(n)/
log
(n)
+ log (
R
))) calls to SO and poly (
n
, log (
R
)) arithmetic operations, or

O(n
log
(nR)
calls to SO and exp (
O(n)
) ⋅ poly (log
(R)
) arithmetic operations.

When the set of minimizers of
f
has integral extreme points, our algorithm outputs an integral minimizer of
f
. This improves upon the previously best oracle complexity of
O(n
2
(
n
+ log (
R
))) for polynomial time algorithms and
O(n
2
log (
nR
) for exponential time algorithms obtained by [Grötschel, Lovász and Schrijver, Prog. Comb. Opt. 1984, Springer 1988] over thirty years ago. Our improvement on Grötschel, Lovász and Schrijver’s result generalizes to the setting where the set of minimizers of
f
is a rational polyhedron with bounded vertex complexity.

For the Submodular Function Minimization problem, our result immediately implies a strongly polynomial algorithm that makes at most
O(n
3
log log (
n
)/log (
n
)) calls to an evaluation oracle, and an exponential time algorithm that makes at most
O(n
2
log (
n
)) calls to an evaluation oracle. These improve upon the previously best
O(n
3
log
2
(
n
)) oracle complexity for strongly polynomial algorithms given in [Lee, Sidford and Wong, FOCS 2015] and [Dadush, Végh and Zambelli, SODA 2018], and an exponential time algorithm with oracle complexity
O(n
3
log (
n
)) given in the former work.

Our result is achieved via a reduction to the Shortest Vector Problem in lattices. We show how an approximately shortest vector of an auxiliary lattice can be used to effectively reduce the dimension of the problem. Our analysis of the oracle complexity is based on a potential function that simultaneously captures the size of the search set and the density of the lattice, which we analyze via tools from convex geometry and lattice theory.
Agile Acceleration of Stateful Hash-based Signatures in Hardware
Authors: Thoma Jan Philipp , Hartlief Darius , Güneysu Tim
Published: October 2022

With the development of large-scale quantum computers, the current landscape of asymmetric cryptographic algorithms will change dramatically. Today’s standards like RSA, DSA, and ElGamal will no longer provide sufficient security against quantum attackers and need to be replaced with novel algorithms. In the face of these developments, NIST has already started a standardization process for new Key Encapsulation Mechanisms (KEMs) and Digital Signatures (DSs). Moreover, NIST has recommended the two stateful Hash-Based Signatures (HBSs) schemes XMSS and LMS for use in devices with a long expected lifetime and limited capabilities for maintenance. Both schemes are also standardized by the IETF.

In this work, we present the first agile hardware implementation that supports both LMS and XMSS. Our design can instantiate either LMS, XMSS, or both schemes using a simple configuration setting. Leveraging the vast similarities of the two schemes, the hardware utilization of the agile design increases by 20% in LUTs and only 3% in Flip Flops (FFs) over a standalone XMSS implementation. Furthermore, our approach can easily be configured with an arbitrary number of hash cores and accelerators for the one-time signatures for different application scenarios. We evaluate our implementation on the Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA platform, which is the recommended target for PQC implementations by NIST. We explore potential tradeoffs in the design space and compare our results to previous work in this field.
Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Nickel–Titanium Rotary Instruments after Simulated Clinical Use
Authors: Ubaed Hana R. , Bakr Diyar Kh.
Published: October 2022

Objective. Cyclic fatigue occurred in the curved canal when the instrument freely rotated leading to repeated compressive and tensile stresses. This study aims to evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance (CFR) of new and used 2Shape and AF F-One rotary instrument systems by using an artificial stainless-steel canal. Methods. A total of 80 rotary nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments of two systems were used, 2Shape/TS2 and AF F-ONE/F5 (40 in each group). The instruments were subdivided into group A 20 instruments (10 per system) that remain unused, group B 20 instruments (10 per system) instrumented 20 root canals (each file prepared 1 canal for 2 minutes), group C 20 instruments (10 per system) instrumented 40 canals each for 2 minutes (each file prepared 2 canals), group D of 20 instruments (10 per system) prepared 60 canals each for 2 minutes (each file prepared 3 canals). After each canal instrumentation, the instruments were cleaned and sterilized by autoclave. Then, all the instruments underwent cyclic fatigue testing in an artificial stainless steel canal with a 50° canal curvature and a radius of curvature of 5 mm. The time and number of cycles to failure (NCF) were recorded. Data were analyzed using the Welch ANOVA test for intragroup comparison and the pairwise test for multiple comparisons. Results. The unused instruments of the AF F-One rotary system showed statistically higher CFR than clinically used instruments (

P
<
0.05

). 2Shape system was not affected by clinical use (

P
>
0.05

). The mean NCF of AF F-One instruments was significantly higher than the equivalent file group of 2Shape instruments (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. A reduction in the CFR for AF F-One instruments after use was observed when compared to the new unused file group. The 2Shape system was not affected by clinical use. AF F-One performed better in terms of NCF.
Criterion for Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Behavior at the Interface of a Coal Measure Composite Reservoir
Authors: Guo Yifeng , Zhang Runxu , Zhang Xinghua , Han Kangkang , Yan Fazhi , Deng Cunbao , Jin Zhixin
Published: October 2022

Regarding the three expansion modes of hydraulic fractures at the interface of a coal measure composite reservoir (arrested, deflection, and penetration), based on the coupling theory of fluid flow and solid elastic deformation, a criterion that considers the influences of the injection parameters (fracturing fluid injection rate and viscosity) is established to predict the propagation path of hydraulic fractures at the interface of a composite reservoir. The criterion judges the propagation behavior of the fractures by comparing the water pressure in the wellbore and the critical seam pressure of the penetration and deflection. The controlled variable method is used to analyze the influences of the various factors on the propagation behavior of hydraulic fractures at the interface between layers. The results show that the differences in in situ stress, the interface cohesion, and the included angle mainly affect the critical seam pressure of the fracture deflection. The differences in elastic modulus, fluid injection rate, and fracturing fluid viscosity directly affect the water pressure in the wellbore. The difference in the fracture toughness mainly affects the crack propagation path by affecting the critical seam pressure of the deflection. The smaller the difference in the in situ stress is, the more likely it is that the hydraulic fractures will penetrate the layer. Larger differences in the fracture toughness between layers, interfacial cohesion, fluid injection rate, and fracturing fluid viscosity are more conducive to the hydraulic fractures penetrating the layer. When the angle between the hydraulic fractures and the interface is 25–55°, the hydraulic fracture is more likely to expand along the interface. This criterion takes into account the influences of the injection parameters and is of great significance to gaining a better understanding of the propagation behavior of hydraulic fractures at an interlayer interface.
Clinical Features in Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase (AADC) Deficiency: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rizzi Susanna , Spagnoli Carlotta , Frattini Daniele , Pisani Francesco , Fusco Carlo
Published: October 2022

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare congenital autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by pathogenic homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in the dopa decarboxylase (DDC) gene. Adeno-associated viral vector-mediated gene transfer of the human AADC gene into the putamina has become available. This systematic review on PubMed, Scopus databases, and other sources is aimed at describing the AADC whole phenotypic spectrum in order to facilitate its early diagnosis. Literature reviews, original articles, retrospective and comparative studies, large case series, case reports, and short communications were considered. A database was set up using Microsoft Excel to collect clinical, molecular, biochemical, and therapeutic data. By analysing 261 patients from 41 papers with molecular and/or biochemical diagnosis of AADC deficiency for which individuality could be determined with certainty, we found symptom onset to occur in the first 6 months of life in 93% of cases. Hypotonia and developmental delay are cardinal signs, reported as present in 73.9% and 72% of cases, respectively. Oculogyric crises were seen in 67% of patients while hypokinesia in 42% and ptosis in 26%. Dysautonomic features have been revealed in 53% and gastrointestinal symptoms in 19% of cases. With 37% and 30% of patients reported being affected by sleep and behavioural disorders, it seems to be commoner than previously acknowledged. Although reporting bias cannot be excluded, there is still a need for comprehensive clinical descriptions of symptoms at onset and during follow-up. In fact, our review suggests that most of the neurological and extraneurological symptoms and signs reported, although quite frequent in this condition, are not pathognomonic, and therefore, ADCC deficiency can remain an underdiscovered disorder.
Landslide Displacement Prediction Based on Transfer Learning and Bi-GRU
Authors: Zheng Haiqing , Duan Mengfan , Sun Xiaoyun , Han Guang , Jin Qiang
Published: October 2022

Predicting slope deformation prediction is crucial for early warning of slope failure, preventing damage to properties, and saving human lives. However, in practice, equipment maintenance causes discontinuity in the displacement data, and the traditional prediction models based on deep networks do not perform well in this case. To solve the problem of prediction accuracy in case of discontinuous and inadequate data, we propose a combined displacement prediction model that integrates the bidirectional gated recurrent unit (Bi-GRU), attention mechanism, and transfer learning. The Bi-GRU is employed to extract the forward and backward characteristics of displacement series, and the attention mechanism is utilized to give different weights to the extracted information so as to highlight the critical information. Transfer learning is used to guarantee prediction accuracy in case of discontinuous and limited data. The model is then employed to predict the slope displacement of the JinYu Cement Plant in China. Finally, the modeling results excellently agree with measured displacement, especially in case of insufficient sample data.
Geochemical Characteristics of Formation Water in Carbonate Reservoirs and Its Indication to Hydrocarbon Accumulation
Authors: Sun Zhen , Yang Zhen , He Xiaoning , Wan Cixuan , He Gang , Ren Qiang , Zhao Shihu , Cheng Wei , Chen Sisi
Published: October 2022

The migration path of formation water plays an indispensable role in hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation. The hydrodynamic field controls the content of various ions in formation water and is an important participant in hydrocarbon evolution. Formation water can basically be used to judge the preservation status of oil/gas reservoirs, especially for carbonate reservoirs; the carbonate reservoirs are a typical example in the Gaoqiao area of the Ordos Basin, China. However, it is not easy to evaluate the sealing and integrity of the gas reservoir because hydrocarbon has experienced a multistage charging process and complicated later reconstruction. The geochemical characteristics of Ordovician formation water (100 brine samples from 67 wells in the Ma5 Member) are studied, and their chemical composition is analyzed in the Ordos Basin. The results show that formation water has high overall salinity and is the original sedimentary water of the carbonate reservoir, which is the sealing reservoir and can promote the accumulation of hydrocarbons. This is also associated with stronger water-rock reactions and diagenetic transformations, such as dolomitization. The main (TDS) range is from 40 to 150 g·L−1, with an average of 66.16 g·L−1; the Cl− content in the formation water samples is the highest, followed by Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, HCO3−, and SO42−. In addition, the (Cl−-Na+)/Mg2+ ratio, Na+/Cl− ratio, Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio, and

S

O

4

2
−

×
100
/
C

l

−

ratio are closely related to gas preservation. The indication function between chemical parameters of formation water and hydrocarbon dynamics can be better understood in carbonate reservoirs by analogy study, so as to improve the accuracy of discriminating favorable hydrocarbon accumulation areas.
Targeted Advertising in Social Media Platforms Using Hybrid Convolutional Learning Method besides Efficient Feature Weights
Authors: Ebadi Jokandan Seyed Mohsen , Bayat Peyman , Farrokhbakht Foumani Mehdi
Published: October 2022

Advertising has been one of the most effective and valuable marketing tools for many years. Utilizing social media networks to market and sell products is becoming increasingly prevalent. The greatest challenges in this industry are the high cost of providing content and posting it on social networks, maximizing ad efficiency, and limiting spam advertisements. User engagement rate is one of the most frequently employed metrics for measuring the effectiveness of social media advertisements. Previous research has not comprehensively analyzed the factors influencing engagement rate. To this end, it is necessary to investigate the impact of various factors (such as user characteristics, posts, emotions, relationships, images, and backgrounds, among others) on engagement rate because assessing these influential factors in different networks can increase the engagement of users with advertising posts and thereby increase the success rate of targeted advertising. To predict the user engagement rate, we extract the significant attributes of posts and introduce an adaptive hybrid convolutional model based on FW-CNN-LSTM. We cluster the selected data based on the weight and significance of their attributes using the FCM and XGBoost algorithms and then apply CNN- and LSTM-based methods to select similar features. Using accuracy, recall, F-measure, and precision metrics, we compared our algorithm to standard techniques such as SVM, Logistic regression, Naïve Bayes, and CNN. According to the findings, hashtag, brand ID, movie title, and actors achieve the highest scores, and the values for actual training time in various data ratios are relatively linear, which confirms the scalability of the proposed model for large datasets. The results also demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms others and can lead to targeted ads on social media.
Application Research of Partial Differential Equation Optimization Image Analysis in National Traditional Physical Education Teaching
Authors: Qin Xiaopeng , Yang Qiaoying
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the initial parameters of C-V level set image recognition are optimized by using the global optimization characteristics of cultural algorithm, and a cultural algorithm C-V level set image recognition model is proposed, which is abbreviated as the CC-V model. The initial population space of the cultural algorithm is used to set the initial recognition parameters in a large range, and the population evolution is continuously optimized and guided by the situation knowledge and normative knowledge of the reliability space, so as to realize the global optimization of the recognition parameters and to timely terminate by judging the change of the image entropy fitness value. Through the analysis and comparison of the experimental results, the CC-V model has a better recognition effect than the C–V model. The partial differential equation image recognition model is applied to the video image sequence for moving target recognition. The background model is constructed by the block statistical histogram. The background difference method is used to locate the video moving target, and the minimum circumscribed rectangle of the multitarget positioning is used as the initial outline of the model recognition. The research results show that the nonintellectual factors of each group of ethnic traditional sports have an obvious effect on the application value of people, and the application effect of nonintellectual factors produced by different groups will also vary. All ethnic traditional sports groups show higher application value to nonintellectual character factors. The comprehensive application value of nonintelligence factors of the combat confrontation item group, accuracy item group, and endurance item group is relatively higher than the comprehensive application value of nonintelligence factors of other item groups.
Research on Customer Perceived Value Evaluation of New Chinese-Style Clothing Based on PSO-BP Neural Network
Authors: Shu Yunfeng
Published: October 2022

In the current era that consumers pursue personalized experience, in order to optimize the customer experience of new Chinese-style clothing products and improve the evaluation procedures of new Chinese-style clothing products, based on the theory of customer perceived value, this paper constructs the evaluation index and evaluation model of new Chinese-style clothing customer perceived value. This study is divided into three stages: firstly, through literature research and interview, thirty-seven elements of the evaluation index of customer perceived value of new Chinese-style clothing are defined; secondly, through questionnaire survey and exploratory factor analysis, seven dimensions of the evaluation index of the customer perceived value of new Chinese-style clothing were extracted, which were cultural and educational value, aesthetic value, creative value, green value, engineering value, social value, and quality value, respectively; thirdly, we propose a PSO-BP neural network to evaluate the customer perceived value of new Chinese-style clothing, and we choose twenty-two and eight new Chinese-style clothing as training samples and test samples, respectively. The experimental results show that the PSO-BP neural network can accurately evaluate the customer perceived value of new Chinese-style clothing, and its error is controlled by 2.5% compared with the traditional BP neural network. The research results show that enterprises can improve the quality of product design through the new Chinese-style clothing customer perceived value evaluation indicators and models, and then improve their sustainable competitive advantage, so as to achieve the sustainable development of the new Chinese-style clothing industry ultimately.
Chaotic Dynamics in Joint Price QoS Game with Heterogeneous Internet Service Providers
Authors: Ait Omar Driss , Garmani Hamid , Es-Sabery Fatima , El Amrani Mohamed , Azougaghe Es-Said , Baslam Mohamed
Published: October 2022

This paper tries to investigate the complex characteristics of the communication market where Internet service providers (ISP) lease network access services and compete to serve a large pool of subscribers. For this purpose, we analyze the dynamics of a mixed duopoly game with two decision parameters: price and quality of service (QoS). We calculate and discuss the stability of each equilibrium solution by using the nonlinear system. A numerical simulation is used to show the flip bifurcation to chaos by the decisions of ISPs with different statuses. We discovered that the Nash equilibrium loses stability when the speed of adjustment and transmission fee increase. We show that the system parameter changes the stability of the communication market. In addition, we use a control method to keep the communication market in a stable state.
Single-Cell Analysis Reveals a CD4+ T-cell Cluster That Correlates with PD-1 Blockade Efficacy
Authors: Kagamu Hiroshi , Yamasaki Satoshi , Kitano Shigehisa , Yamaguchi Ou , Mouri Atsuto , Shiono Ayako , Nishihara Fuyumi , Miura Yu , Hashimoto Kosuke , Imai Hisao , Kaira Kyoichi , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Kanai Yae , Shibata Tatsuhiro , Horimoto Katsuhisa
Published: October 2022

CD4+ T-cell immunity helps clonal proliferation, migration, and cancer cell killing activity of CD8+ T cells and is essential in antitumor immune responses. To identify CD4+ T-cell clusters responsible for antitumor immunity, we simultaneously analyzed the naïve-effector state, Th polarization, and T-cell receptor clonotype based on single-cell RNA-sequencing data. Unsupervised clustering analysis uncovered the presence of a new CD4+ T-cell metacluster in the CD62Llow CD4+ T-cell subpopulation, which contained multicellular clonotypes associated with efficacy of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1) blockade therapy. The CD4+ T-cell metacluster consisted of CXCR3+CCR4−CCR6+ and CXCR3−CCR4−CCR6+ cells and was characterized by high expression of IL7 receptor and TCF7. The frequency of these cells in the peripheral blood significantly correlated with progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with lung cancer after PD-1 blockade therapy. In addition, the CD4+ metacluster in the peripheral blood correlated with CD4+ T-cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment, whereas peripheral Th1 correlated with local CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Together, these findings suggest that CD62Llow CCR4−CCR6+ CD4+ T cells form a novel metacluster with predictive potential of the immune status and sensitivity to PD-1 blockade, which may pave the way for personalized antitumor immunotherapy strategies for patients.

Significance:

The identification of a new CD4+ T-cell metacluster that corresponds with immune status could guide effective tumor treatment by predicting response to immunotherapy using peripheral blood samples from patients.
Endometriosis-Associated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Support Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma through Iron Regulation
Authors: Atiya Huda I. , Frisbie Leonard , Goldfeld Ester , Orellana Taylor , Donnellan Nicole , Modugno Francesmary , Calderon Michael , Watkins Simon , Zhang Rugang , Elishaev Esther , Soong Thing Rinda , Vlad Anda , Coffman Lan
Published: October 2022

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a deadly and treatment-resistant cancer, which arises within the unique microenvironment of endometriosis. In this study, we identified a subset of endometriosis-derived mesenchymal stem cells (enMSC) characterized by loss of CD10 expression that specifically support OCCC growth. RNA sequencing identified alterations in iron export in CD10-negative enMSCs and reciprocal changes in metal transport in cocultured OCCC cells. CD10-negative enMSCs exhibited elevated expression of iron export proteins hephaestin and ferroportin and donate iron to associated OCCCs, functionally increasing the levels of labile intracellular iron. Iron is necessary for OCCC growth, and CD10-negative enMSCs prevented the growth inhibitory effects of iron chelation. In addition, enMSC-mediated increases in OCCC iron resulted in a unique sensitivity to ferroptosis. In vitro and in vivo, treatment with the ferroptosis inducer erastin resulted in significant death of cancer cells grown with CD10-negative enMSCs. Collectively, this work describes a novel mechanism of stromal-mediated tumor support via iron donation. This work also defines an important role of endometriosis-associated MSCs in supporting OCCC growth and identifies a critical therapeutic vulnerability of OCCC to ferroptosis based on stromal phenotype.

Significance:

Endometriosis-derived mesenchymal stem cells support ovarian clear cell carcinoma via iron donation necessary for cancer growth, which also confers sensitivity to ferroptosis-inducing therapy.
Dormant SOX9-Positive Cells Facilitate MYC-Driven Recurrence of Medulloblastoma
Authors: Borgenvik Anna , Holmberg Karl O. , Bolin Sara , Zhao Miao , Savov Vasil , Rosén Gabriela , Hutter Sonja , Garancher Alexandra , Rahmanto Aldwin Suryo , Bergström Tobias , Olsen Thale Kristin , Mainwaring Oliver J. , Sattanino Damiana , Verbaan Annemieke D. , Rusert Jessica M. , Sundström Anders , Bravo Mar Ballester , Dang Yonglong , Wenz Amelie S. , Richardson Stacey , Fotaki Grammatiki , Hill Rebecca M. , Dubuc Adrian M. , Kalushkova Antonia , Remke Marc , Čančer Matko , Jernberg-Wiklund Helena , Giraud Géraldine , Chen Xingqi , Taylor Michael D. , Sangfelt Olle , Clifford Steven C. , Schüller Ulrich , Wechsler-Reya Robert J. , Weishaupt Holger , Swartling Fredrik J.
Published: October 2022

Relapse is the leading cause of death in patients with medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying recurrence could lead to more effective therapies for targeting tumor relapses. Here, we observed that SOX9, a transcription factor and stem cell/glial fate marker, is limited to rare, quiescent cells in high-risk medulloblastoma with MYC amplification. In paired primary-recurrent patient samples, SOX9-positive cells accumulated in medulloblastoma relapses. SOX9 expression anti-correlated with MYC expression in murine and human medulloblastoma cells. However, SOX9-positive cells were plastic and could give rise to a MYC high state. To follow relapse at the single-cell level, an inducible dual Tet model of medulloblastoma was developed, in which MYC expression was redirected in vivo from treatment-sensitive bulk cells to dormant SOX9-positive cells using doxycycline treatment. SOX9 was essential for relapse initiation and depended on suppression of MYC activity to promote therapy resistance, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and immune escape. p53 and DNA repair pathways were downregulated in recurrent tumors, whereas MGMT was upregulated. Recurrent tumor cells were found to be sensitive to treatment with an MGMT inhibitor and doxorubicin. These findings suggest that recurrence-specific targeting coupled with DNA repair inhibition comprises a potential therapeutic strategy in patients affected by medulloblastoma relapse.

Significance:

SOX9 facilitates therapy escape and recurrence in medulloblastoma via temporal inhibition of MYC/MYCN genes, revealing a strategy to specifically target SOX9-positive cells to prevent tumor relapse.
Why We Are Not Living in a Computer Simulation
Authors: Lim Abraham
Published: October 2022

Nick Bostrom considered a number of simulations and contended that the probability that we are living in one of them is high or at least nonzero. I present arguments to refute the claim that we are or might be in any one of them.
[RETRACTED] Comparative Aspects of the Codification of Labour Legislation in Ukraine and Leading European Countries
Authors: Lyubchik Oleksandr A. , Lytvynov Oleksandr M. , Kudinov Anton S. , Kryvonos Maksym V. , Revenko Olha I.
Published: October 2022

The urgency of the studied problem is due to the European integration of Ukraine and the presence in modern Ukrainian society of an acute need for codification of labour legislation. Ukraine has an extensive system of labour regulations that fail to correspond to one another and often lead to the violation of constitutional and human rights. This article aims to analyse the legislation of leading European countries in the field of codification of labour legislation in order to identify factors and problems of codification of labour legislation in Ukraine. Based on a comparative analysis of Ukrainian and European legislation in the field of codification of labour law, a list of recommendations will be presented aimed at improving the codification process of labour law in Ukraine. The materials of the article have practical value for everyone, who must participate in effective lawmaking in Ukraine.
Resolving two centuries of mistaken identity: Reinterpretation of Papilio marcus Fabricius, 1787 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Hesperiidae)
Authors: NAKAHARA SHINICHI , ZILLI ALBERTO , CALHOUN JOHN V. , ESPELAND MARIANNE , PADRÓN PABLO SEBASTIÁN , GRISHIN NICK V.
Published: October 2022

Here, we untangle an oversight surrounding the application of the name Papilio marcus Fabricius, 1787 (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae), currently in Troyus Warren & Turland, 2012, which has eluded taxonomists for nearly two centuries. First, we note that P. marcus is a junior primary homonym of Papilio marcus Schaller, 1785, a species currently in Morpho Fabricius, 1807 (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Second, we designate a lectotype for P. marcus Fabricius, 1787, and recognize it as conspecific with Papilio phyllus Cramer, 1777, a species currently in Vettius Godman, 1901. Therefore, P. marcus is also a junior subjective synonym of V. phyllus (new synonym). Third, aided by genomic sequencing of the lectotype of Vettius phyllides Röber, 1925, we find that this species is not conspecific with V. phyllus and represents instead a valid species of Troyus Warren & Turland, 2012, so that the relative epithet, currently considered as a junior subjective synonym of P. marcus, has to be reappreciated as Troyus phyllides (reinstated status, new combination). Moreover, T. phyllides is apparently the species that has been misidentified as P. marcus since 1832. As a result of this study, the name P. marcus Fabricius nec Cramer falls in synonymy with P. phyllus (currently in Vettius), and the species currently known as T. marcus becomes Troyus phyllides.
Joppeicus paradoxus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Joppeicidae): a new alien species in the European Union?
Authors: ROCA-CUSACHS MARCOS , KMENT PETR
Published: October 2022

Joppeicus paradoxus Puton, 1881 is the only representative of the family Joppeicidae. This tiny predaceous bug of around 3 mm long has a resemblance to members of the family Anthocoridae sensu lato. Herein we present an up-to-date distribution of the species, recording it for the first time in the Canary Islands (Fuerteventura Island) and in Yemen (Socotra Island). We provide pictures of the dorsal and lateral habitus of the species and discuss its current distribution. The collection circumstances suggest probably native occurrence in Socotra, but in Fuerteventura it was found in an urban environment with a fair chance it was introduced due to human activity. Details on the types of J. paradoxus are also provided.
A new report on the deep-sea sponge-associated Spongicoloides weijiaensis Xu, Zhou & Wang, 2017 (Decapoda: Spongicolidae) from the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge
Authors: RENGAIYAN PERIASAMY , PALAYIL JOHN KURIAN , INGOLE BABAN
Published: October 2022

The sponge-associated benthic shrimp Spongicoloides weijiaensis Xu, Zhou & Wang, 2017 is reported for the first time from the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). A single female specimen of S.weijiaensis was associated with the hexactinellid sponge belonging to Dictyaulus sp. that was collected using a benthic sledge from the southwest Indian Ridge at a water depth of 2358 m. The spongicolid shrimp is reported using both classical taxonomic and molecular tools (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1—COI). The S. weijiaensis specimen from the SWIR appears to represent a morphological variant that has pigmented eyes, telson with thirteen spines, and a broadly rounded setiferous posterior margin. This new report at a latitude of nearly 26° South on the seamount provides the first Mid Ocean Ridge sector record for stenopodidean shrimp known to date.
Microstructure of High Volume Rice Husk Ash Concrete
Authors: Liu Chun , Jiang Cong-Ying , Wang Deng-Deng , Chen Deng
Published: October 2022

Rice hush ash (RHA) is a promising supplementary cementitious material (SCM) and the application of concrete containing high volume SCMs is one of effective strategies to relieve the carbon emission from building industry. The effect of RHA contents up to 60% to replace cement on the
microstructure evolution of concrete has been experimentally investigated through the compressive strength, nanoindentation and scanning electron microscope methods. The results indicate that the utilization of RHA reduces the early compressive strengths of concrete, but less than 40% RHA
increases the later compressive strengths, the high volume RHA concrete showing the great development potentials of strengths. The utilization of less than 40% RHA improves the internal structures because of the active effect of RHA and the filling effect of unhydrated RHA. The utilization
of RHA increases the proportions of high density calcium silicate hydrate (HD C–S–H) and ultra-high density C–S–H (UHD C–S–H) due to the fact that C–S–H produced by RHA is mainly composed of HD C–S–H and UHD C–S–H, and
also improves the interfacial transition zone.
Stress–Strain Analysis of S-Shaped Welded Metal Bellows Under Axial Load Based on Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Validation
Authors: Li Heyuqiu , Dong Jie , Wang Jie , Mei Qi , Ma Yongmei , Wang Zihan
Published: October 2022

Welded metal bellows are commonly used in mechanical sealing devices. Its properties directly affect the sealing effect, and thus it is very important to study its stress–strain for a high reliability. In this study, to explore the stress–strain state of the diaphragm of
welded metal bellows under axial force, based on the elastic mechanics, S-shaped welded bellows of single-layer (SL) and double-layer (DL) with small diameters (D1, size 60 mm) and large diameter (D2, size 95 mm) were used as materials. ANSYS Workbench was used for simulation, and a digital
image correlation (DIC) method was carried out for experimental validation. The results of finite element analysis (FEA) showed that the greater the compression, the greater the strain. The DIC analysis showed that the strain increased with the increase of the amount of compression. However,
the diaphragm of DL metal bellows showed a lower stress than that of the SL metal bellows. Moreover, the strain of S-shaped welded bellows at larger-diameter was less than at small-diameter. This trend applied to single and double layers. In some layers, the strain showed abrupt changes. The
Principal strain was 0.02563 at P6 position of SL-D1 and 0.01333 at P8 position of DL-D1 with compression at 5 mm; while with compression at 4 mm, the Principal strain was 0.0841 at P8 position of SL-D2 and 0.00182 at P6 position of DL-D2. In conclusion, the resistance to elastic deformation
of double-layer S-shaped welded metal bellows is better than that of single-layer. Moreover, this study provides a new idea and method for the strain test of S-shaped welded metal bellows.
miR-24 Exerts Its Anticancer Effect by Inhibiting Protective Autophagy of Pancreatic Cancer Mediated by Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Lewei , Zhou Huanle , Chen Weidong , Yang Xiaomin , Wu Suna , Shi Wenhan , Lin Yan , Chen Lili , Xu Huanhai
Published: October 2022

Autophagy plays a key role in protecting cells against injury caused by foreign substances and maintaining the stability of cells. Nanomaterials easily cause cell autophagy, as foreign substances. In this experiment, we explored whether overexpressing miR-24 protects autophagy response
of pancreatic cancer mediated by silica nanoparticles. Silica nanoparticles were first characterized and then used to treat pancreatic cancer cells in a co-culture system. Pancreatic cancer cells were divided into blank group (no transfection), miR-24 group (miR-24 mimics transfection), and
control group (miR-24 inhibitors transfection). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunoblots were used to monitor the expression of autophagy gene Beclin-1 and LC3-II. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the formation of autophagosomes. The diameters of silica nanoparticles
were about 100 nm before and after modification, with uniform size, high dispersion, and a negative potential state. The silica nanoparticles caused fluorescence aggregation in many pancreatic cancer cells, significantly increasing the LC3-I and LC3-II, and promoted the cytoprotective autophagy
ability of pancreatic cancer cells. Transfection of miR-24 significantly inhibited Beclin-1 and LC3-II. Western blots also confirmed that the miR-24 significantly suppressed Beclin-1 and LC3-II. TEM results suggested that the miR-24 transfection significantly inhibited the release of autophagosomes.
Silica nanomaterials can cause the protective autophagy response of pancreatic cancer cells and increase LC3-I and LC3-II. miR-24 can significantly inhibit the protective autophagy of pancreatic cancer cells caused by silica nanoparticles and suppressed Beclin-1 and LC3-II. miR-24 can also
inhibited the release of autophagosomes in pancreatic cancer cells to inhibit the protective autophagy.
Propionyl-L-Carnitine-Delivering Wound Dressings for the Treatment of Diabetic Wounds: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Authors: Xu Fan , Wang Rou-Jun , Wang Xiao-Ling , Rohani Saeed
Published: October 2022

In the current study, a Propionyl-L-carnitine (PLC)-delivering porous wound dressing was developed using lyophilization method. PLC was added into the polymeric solutions at four different concentrations of 1 w/w%, 3 w/w%, 5 w/w%, and 10 w/w% and then lyophilized. Various experiments
were performed in order to characterize the developed wound dressings. Cell viability experiments showed that dressings containing 5 w/w% PLC had significantly higher cell viability under normal and oxidative stress conditions. For this reason, the healing activity of this formulation was
investigated In Vivo. Rat model of diabetic wound healing was used for the assessment of wound dressings healing activity. Wound healing assay showed that calcium alginate/CMC/5% PLC wound dressings had significantly higher rate of wound closure, epithelial thickness, and collagen deposition
compared with other groups. Gene expression studies showed that the developed wound dressings reduced the tissue expression level of Glutathione peroxidase and NFk-β genes. This preliminary study implies the potential application of calcium alginate/CMC/5% PLC to treat diabetic
wounds in clinic. However, study in larger animal models is required for its clinical translation.
On Synergy between Convective Equatorial Signals and Monsoon Intraseasonal Oscillations in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Valentín Jaynise M. Pérez , Fernando Harindra J. S. , Bhat G. S. , Wijesekera Hemantha W. , Phadtare Jayesh , Gonzalez Edgar
Published: October 2022

The relationship between eastward-propagating convective equatorial signals (CES) along the equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO) and the northward-propagating monsoon intraseasonal oscillations (MISOs) in the Bay of Bengal (BOB) was studied using observational datasets acquired during the 2018 and 2019 MISO-BOB field campaigns. Convective envelopes of MISOs originating from just south of the BOB were associated with both strong and weak eastward CES (average speed ∼6.4 m s−1). Strong CES contributed to ∼20% of the precipitation budget of BOB, and they spurred northward-propagating convective signals that matched the canonical speed of MISOs (1–2 m s−1). In contrast, weak CES contributed to ∼14% of the BOB precipitation budget, and they dissipated without significant northward propagation. Eastward-propagating intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs; period 30–60 days) and convectively coupled Kelvin waves (CCKWs; period 4–15 days) accounted for most precipitation variability across the EIO during the 2019 boreal summer as compared with that of 2018. An agreement could be noted between high moisture content in the midtroposphere and the active phases of CCKWs and ISOs for two observational locations in the BOB. Basin-scale thermodynamic conditions prior to the arrival of strong or weak CES revealed warmer or cooler sea surface temperatures, respectively. Flux measurements aboard a research vessel suggest that the evolution of MISOs associated with strong CES are signified by local enhanced air–sea interactions, in particular the supply of local moisture and sensible heat, which could enhance deep convection and further moisten the upper troposphere.

Significance Statement

Eastward-propagating convective signals along the equatorial Indian Ocean and their relationship to the northward-propagating spells of rainfall that lead to moisture variability in the Bay of Bengal are studied for the 2018 and 2019 southwest monsoon seasons using observational datasets acquired during field campaigns. Strong convective equatorial signals spurred northward-propagating convection, as compared with weak signals that dissipated without significant northward propagation. Wave spectral analysis showed CCKWs (period 4–15 days), and eastward ISOs (period 30–60 days) accounted for most of the precipitation variability, with the former dominating during the 2018 boreal summer. High moisture periods observed from radiosonde measurements show agreement with the active phases of CCKWs and ISOs.
Health Security, Vaccine Hesitancy and Post-Truth: A Case of COVID-19 in Pakistan
Authors: Arif Hajira , Bakare Najimdeen
Published: October 2022

Many existing studies and researches have shown the link between vaccine hesitancy and rurality. To test the validity of this assertion, this paper uses COVID-19 vaccine as a reference case and tries to understand vaccine hesitancy in urban communities through the conceptual lens of post-truth. The argument enunciated in the paper is based on data gathered through an online survey, conducted from May to October 2021. Thematically, this paper identified two themes: ‘mistrust’ and ‘misinformation’, revealing the coupling effect of the themes and the intersection of vaccine hesitancy and post-truth in two urban (Islamabad and Rawalpindi) communities of Pakistan. While the discussions were contextual, this paper epistemically shows that the reality of COVID-19 was blurred by misinformation which translated into cynicism, mistrust and hesitancy for COVID-19 vaccine and the outcome proved why health security must be taken seriously, especially in the post-truth era.
“Are We All in This Together?”: The Socioeconomic Impacts and Inequalities of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ghana’s Informal Economy
Authors: Nkansah-Dwamena Ernest , Fevrier Kesha
Published: October 2022

This paper examines the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic on the existing health inequalities disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations. It explores the impact of COVID-19 pandemic response measures to “curb the spread” on informal sector workers in Ghana. In Ghana, like many other developing countries, the informal sector was impacted by a higher risk of exposure to the COVID-19 infection and the slew of pandemic response measures, for example, lockdowns and stay-at-home orders, as well as guidelines around social distancing implemented by their governments. Given the high level of precarity that undergirds work in the informal sector and the intersectional forces that contribute to and maintain their marginality—class, race, ethnicity, gender, religion, and geographic location—this paper creates a space for dialogue about the unintended consequences of pandemic response measures on the livelihood security of informal sector workers.