bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Novel Human USP2 Inhibitor: Might Involve in SARS-CoV-2 Papain-Like (PLpro) Protease Deubiquitination Activity
Authors: Mirza Muhammad Usman , Ahmad Sarfraz , Abdullah Iskandar , Froeyen Matheus
Published: May 2020

The ubiquitin-specific protease 2 (USP) belongs to the family of deubiquitinases and plays a critical role in tumors cells’ survival and therefore signifies an important therapeutic target. Previous studies have indicated promising efficacies of potent human USP2 inhibitors including, thiopurine analogues against SARS-CoV papain-like proteases (PLpro). The PLpro have significant functional implications in the innate immune response during SARS-CoV-2 infection and considered an important antiviral target. Both proteases share strikingly similar USP fold with right-handed thumb–palm–fingers structural scaffold and conserved catalytic triad Cys-His-Asp/Asn. In this urgency situation of COVID-19 outbreak, there is a lack of in-vitro facilities readily available to test SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors in whole-cell assays. Therefore, we adopted an alternate route to identify potential USP2 inhibitor through integrated structure-based virtual screening efforts. After a subsequent virtual screening protocol, the best compounds were selected and tested. The compound Z93 showed significant IC50 value against Jurkat (9.67 µM) and MOTL-4 cells (11.8 µM). The binding mode of Z93 was extensively analyzed through molecular docking, followed by MD simulations, and molecular interactions were compared with SARS-CoV-2. The relative binding poses of Z93 fitted well in the binding site of both proteases and showed consensus π-π stacking and H-bond interactions with histidine and aspartate/asparagine residues of the catalytic triad. These results led us to speculate that compound Z93 might be the first potential chemical lead against SARS-CoV-2 PLpro, which warrants in-vitro evaluations.
The Clinical Manifestations and Chest Computed Tomography Findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in China: A Proportion Meta-Analysis
Authors: Park Joo-Hyun , Jang Wook , Kim Sang-Woo , Lee Jeongjun , Lim Yun-Sung , Cho Chang-Gun , Park Seok-Won , Kim Bo Hae
Published: May 2020

Objectives. The objectives of this study were to identify the clinical features and chest computed tomography (CT) findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and to compare the characteristics of patients diagnosed in Wuhan and in other areas of China by integrating the findings reported in previous studies.Methods. We conducted a proportion meta-analysis to integrate the results of previous studies identified in online databases, and subsequently compared the overlapping of 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between locations of diagnosis. The heterogeneity of the results of the included studies was also demonstrated.Results. Nine studies with level IV evidence were considered to be eligible for the meta-analysis, and a comparative analysis was only possible between patients diagnosed in Wuhan and outside of Wuhan in China. Fever (84.8%; 95% CI, 78.5% to 90.1%) was identified as the most common clinical manifestation in all COVID-19 patients, and signs of respiratory infection were also frequently present in these patients. When comparing the clinical features according to the location of diagnosis, fever and dyspnea were less frequent in patients diagnosed outside of Wuhan (fever: 78.1%; 95% CI, 73.2% to 82.7%; dyspnea: 3.80%; 95% CI, 0.13% to 12.22%) than in patients diagnosed in Wuhan (fever: 91.7%; 95% CI, 88.0% to 94.8%; dyspnea: 21.1%; 95% CI, 13.2% to 30.3%). The chest CT findings exhibited no significant differences between the groups.Conclusion. Fever was found to be the most common symptom in COVID-19, and respiratory infection signs were also commonly present. Fever and dyspnea were less frequently observed in the patients diagnosed outside of Wuhan, which should be considered in COVID-19 screening programs. These results may be attributable to the earlier diagnosis of the disease and the younger age of patients outside of Wuhan although further analysis is needed. The role of chest CT in COVID-19 diagnosis is inconclusive based on this study.
Using Machine Learning to Estimate Unobserved COVID-19 Infections in North America
Authors: Vaid Shashank , Cakan Caglar , Bhandari Mohit
Published: May 2020

Background:

The detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases remains a huge challenge. As of April 22, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to take its toll, with >2.6 million confirmed infections and >183,000 deaths. Dire projections are surfacing almost every day, and policymakers worldwide are using projections for critical decisions. Given this background, we modeled unobserved infections to examine the extent to which we might be grossly underestimating COVID-19 infections in North America.

Methods:

We developed a machine-learning model to uncover hidden patterns based on reported cases and to predict potential infections. First, our model relied on dimensionality reduction to identify parameters that were key to uncovering hidden patterns. Next, our predictive analysis used an unbiased hierarchical Bayesian estimator approach to infer past infections from current fatalities.

Results:

Our analysis indicates that, when we assumed a 13-day lag time from infection to death, the United States, as of April 22, 2020, likely had at least 1.3 million undetected infections. With a longer lag time—for example, 23 days—there could have been at least 1.7 million undetected infections. Given these assumptions, the number of undetected infections in Canada could have ranged from 60,000 to 80,000. Duarte’s elegant unbiased estimator approach suggested that, as of April 22, 2020, the United States had up to >1.6 million undetected infections and Canada had at least 60,000 to 86,000 undetected infections. However, the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering data feed on April 22, 2020, reported only 840,476 and 41,650 confirmed cases for the United States and Canada, respectively.

Conclusions:

We have identified 2 key findings: (1) as of April 22, 2020, the United States may have had 1.5 to 2.029 times the number of reported infections and Canada may have had 1.44 to 2.06 times the number of reported infections and (2) even if we assume that the fatality and growth rates in the unobservable population (undetected infections) are similar to those in the observable population (confirmed infections), the number of undetected infections may be within ranges similar to those described above. In summary, 2 different approaches indicated similar ranges of undetected infections in North America.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Hip Replacement or Hip Resurfacing with a Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene Acetabular Bearing
Authors: Pritchett James W.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Most surgeons strongly prefer total hip arthroplasty (THA) over hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA). However, it is unknown whether patients prefer the results of 1 procedure over the other. The purpose of this study was to answer 3 questions: (1) Do patients with an HRA on 1 side and a THA on the other notice a difference? (2) Do patients have a preference? (3) What are the reasons for their preference?

Methods:

Between 1998 and 2012, 332 patients underwent staged bilateral hip arthroplasties with cementless THA on 1 side and HRA on the other, with a highly cross-linked polyethylene acetabular component used for both. Patient preferences, Harris hip scores, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were recorded by blinded examiners. Patients provided reasons for their preference in semi-structured interviews using both quantitative and qualitative measures.

Results:

The mean follow-up was 11 years (range, 7 to 21 years). Of 324 patients with complete data, 279 (86%) preferred the HRA, 19 (6%) preferred the THA, and 26 (8%) had no preference. The most common reasons for preference for the HRA were better balance (n = 143), felt more normal (n = 141), better activity participation/more reliable hip during sports (n = 139), and stronger on stairs (n = 129). A fair or poor outcome was reported by the patient after 4 HRAs and 7 THAs. The remainder of the patients reported improved function and satisfactory pain relief and range of motion for both hips.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, most patients in this study preferred the side on which the HRA had been done. Since essentially all current hip prostheses perform well, a paired bilateral study may be the optimal way to determine patient preferences and values of HRA compared with THA.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Perfiles de consumo de sustancias y contextos recreativos en estudiantes universitarios argentinos
Authors: Pilatti Angelina , Fernández Calderón Fermín , Rivarola Montejano Gabriela , Michelini Yanina , Pautassi Ricardo Marcos
Published: May 2020

El policonsumo de sustancias psicoactivas está asociado a consecuencias negativas para la salud. Asimismo, diferentes contextos recreativos se asocian al consumo de determinadas sustancias. En Argentina, sin embargo, son escasas las investigaciones que examinen el policonsumo de sustancias y, además, su asociación con contextos recreativos particulares. Este trabajo examinó, en 382 estudiantes universitarios argentinos perfiles de consumidores de sustancias y su relación con la frecuencia de participación en diferentes contextos recreativos. Los estudiantes completaron una encuesta online sobre consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y frecuencia de asistencia a diferentes contextos recreativos. Mediante un análisis de clases latentes se identificaron tres perfiles de consumidores que difirieron en su probabilidad de exhibir consumo de sustancias legales o ilegales. Las clases con policonsumo, comparadas con la clase de consumo exclusivo de alcohol, asistieron con una frecuencia significativamente mayor a festivales de música, conciertos, fiestas de cuarteto-peña y a fiestas en casa. Los hallazgos destacan las características de consumo de esta población -ubicándola en un espacio de vulnerabilidad incluso superior al típicamente encontrado para este rango etario- y su relación con la asistencia a contextos recreativos específicos.
Psychosocial Syndemic of Suicidal Ideation: A Cross-sectional Study among Sexually Transmitted Infection Patients in Shanghai, China
Authors: Wang Suping , Ni Yang , Gong Ruijie , Shi Yuan , Cai Yong , Ma Jin
Published: May 2020

Background: We sought to verify whether psychosocial health problems among patients with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were associated with these patients’ suicidal ideation and to examine the syndemic effect of multiple psychosocial problems on suicidal ideation. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 519 STI patients at the Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital. Demographic, psychosocial, and suicidal ideation information about the participants was collected by questionnaire. Logistic regressions were performed to detect the association between demographic variables and suicidal ideation, as well as each individual psychosocial variable and suicidal ideation, and to verify the syndemic effect of psychosocial factors. Results: Of the participants, 25.0% (130/519) reported having suicidal ideation. In univariable analysis, low self-esteem, loneliness, depression, entrapment, defeat, and unsatisfied interpersonal needs were associated with suicidal ideation. Multivariable analysis found depression (odds ratio [OR]: 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3–7.2) and entrapment (OR: 2.1; 95%CI: 1.1–4.1) each had a more significant relation with suicidal ideation than the other psychosocial problems examined. STI patients who experienced two or more psychosocial health problems had approximately fourfold odds of suicide ideation (adjusted OR [AOR]: 4.2; 95%CI: 2.6–6.8) compared with those in the non-syndemic group, especially in the high-level (five or more psychosocial problems) group (AOR: 7.0; 95%CI: 3.9–12.5). Conclusions: The study found the participants had a high rate of suicidal ideation and suffered from severe psychosocial problems. These results show a syndemic effect of psychosocial problems on increasing the odds of suicidal ideation. Our findings suggest an urgent need for efforts to prevent suicidal ideation among STI patients toward improving the social and health conditions of this population.
Patients’ Perspectives on Health Information Seeking Throughout the Colorectal Cancer Experience: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Dau Hallie , Breau Genevieve , McTaggart-Cowan Helen , Loree Jonathan M. , Gill Sharlene , Vera Mary A. De
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND: With limited research on how patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) access and apply health information, our objective was to explore patients’ perspectives on health information seeking.METHODS: We invited participants from Canada, 18 years of age or over, to participate. Semi-structured, open-ended interviews were conducted over the telephone and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analyzed using an interpretive description approach.RESULTS: Among 34 participants with CRC, 18 were females (52.9%). Twenty (58.8%) were diagnosed with CRC on or after the age of 50 years and 14 (41.2%) before the age of 50 years. Sixteen (47.1%) were diagnosed with colon cancer, 12 (35.3%) with rectal cancer and 6 (17.7%) with cancer at both sites. We identified three themes that reflect participants’ health information seeking in terms of perspectives on sources primarily sought. These themes and specific sub-themes that suggest areas for improvement are: 1) perceived expectations of physicians – which included sub-themes of varied interactions and relationships with physicians and feeling abandoned after active treatment; 2) importance of personal and social connections – which included the sub-theme of experiencing gaps with current in-person cancer support groups; and 3) use of the Internet for information – which included the sub-theme of using credible Internet sources.CONCLUSION: Our study identified gaps with respect to availability, access to, or knowledge of resources for CRC. Understanding how individuals with CRC seek health information have implications for informing interactions with patients and developing resources across the continuum of CRC care.
Barriers to Menstrual Hygiene Management Faced by Adolescents and Young People with a Disability, and their Carers in the Kavrepalanchok District, Nepal
Authors: Wilbur Jane , Kayastha Shubha , Mahon Thérèse , Torondel Belen , Hameed Shaffa , Sigdel Anita , Gyawali Amrita , Kuper Hannah
Published: May 2020

Background Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is a recognised public health, social and educational issue, which must be achieved to allow the realisation of human rights. People with disabilities are likely to experience layers of discrimination when they are menstruating, but little evidence exists on this topic. Methods The study aims to investigate the barriers to MHM that people with a disability, and their carers, face in the Kavrepalanchok, Nepal, using qualitative methods. Twenty people with disabilities, aged 15 to 24, who menstruate and experience ‘a lot of difficult’ or more across one or more of the Washington Group functional domains were included, as well as 13 carers who provide menstrual support to these individuals. Two stages of purposive sampling and snowball sampling were applied to identify participants. We used different approaches to investigating barriers to MHM including: in-depth interviews, PhotoVoice and ranking, market survey of menstrual products and user preference with ranking, accessibility and safety audits of the water and sanitation facilities. We analysed data thematically, using Nvivo 11. Results Barriers to MHM experienced by people with disabilities differ according to the functional limitation. Inaccessible water, sanitation and hygiene facilities were a major challenge for people with mobility, self-care and visual limitations. People with intellectual impairments had difficulty accessing MHM information and their carers despaired when they showed their menstrual blood to others, which could result in abuse. No support mechanisms exist for carers for MHM and they felt overwhelmed and isolated. Menstrual discomfort was a major challenge; these were managed with home remedies, or not at all. Most participants followed menstrual restrictions, which were widespread and expected, for fear of being cursed if they did not. As disability is often viewed as a curse, this demonstrates the layers of discrimination faced. Conclusion Issues related to MHM for people with disabilities is more complex than for others in the population due to the additional disability discrimination and functional limitations experienced. Attention to, and resourcing for disability inclusive MHM must be prioritised for progress to be made towards the Sustainable Development Goals, which aims to ‘Leave No One Behind’.
Cataract Hospitalizations in 96 Grade ⅢA Hospitals in China
Authors: Zhu ZhiHong , Zheng Zhong , Zhang Ying , Ying Jun , Song Yanan , Li Wanyue
Published: May 2020

Background: To examine the demographic, medical care and financial characteristics of cataract inpatients in China, based on analysis of a large national database.Design: A multicenter, cross-sectional, 6-year period retrospective study.Subjects: This study included 185147 inpatients with a principal or secondary diagnosis of cataract, between 2009 and 2014, in China.Methods: All types of cataract-related hospitalization information from 96 grade ⅢA hospitals, over a 6-year period (from 2009 to 2014), were identified and the data from 230250 eyes (185147 inpatients) were retrospectively analyzed statistically.Main Outcome Measures: Age, sex, location, visit time, hospitalization duration, type of cataract surgery, medical costs.Result: The male to female sex ratio was 97.66:100, and the mean age was 64.50 ± 16.72 years (56.08% aged 60–79 years). Bilateral cataract accounted for 25.04% and age-related cataract was present in 68.85% of patients. The spatio-temporal distribution of hospitalization was concentrated in the northwest (23.14%) and southwest (25.29%) of China (P < 0.01). The estimated hospitalization rate was highest in the northwest (0.23%). Hospitalization peaked biannually, in the summer (27.96%) and winter (27.75%). Phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation was the most common surgery (97.15%) and was increasingly performed over the study period, doubling within 6 years. The overall average hospitalization stay was 6.72 ± 1.70 days. The average financial cost for treatment was ¥8861.81 ± 6818.04 per person. Specifically, the average operation cost was ¥2283.00 ± 2139.14, while the average medicine cost was ¥971.53 ± 2007.69. All-source social medical insurance covered 52.25% of the hospitalizations.Conclusion: These findings illustrate the status quo of cataract-related hospitalizations in China and reveal significant regional variations in the prevalence and medical service conditions, based on a population-scale analysis. Cataracts remain an important public health problem in China. Poverty-stricken areas, such as the northwest and southwest regions of the country, face more challenges. Continuing development and implementation of cataract surgery and further improvement of the medical security system and care level are needed to advance blindness prevention programs in China.
Poor Uterine Contractility as Maternal Predisposition to Postpartum Hemorrhage Among Low-Risk Women: An Analysis of Large-Scale Database
Authors: Nishida Keiko , Sairenchi Toshimi , Uchiyama Koji , Haruyama Yasuo , Watanabe Mariko , Hamada Hiromi , Satoh Toyomi , Miyashita Susumu , Fukasawa Ichio , Kobashi Gen
Published: May 2020

Background Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of maternal mortality. Even seemingly low-risk women may suddenly develop postpartum hemorrhage, and these cases are often unpredictable and threatens maternal life. We hypothesized that innate poor uterine contractility may be a risk factor of PPH. In this study, we examined the association between the innate poor uterine contractility, suggested by the characteristics of labor and PPH in obstetrically low-risk women.Methods We used the Japan Perinatal Registry database of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology registered in 2013–2016. With exclusion of women with well-known risk factors for PPH (maternal basal disease of hematologic disease, uterine leiomyoma, pregnancy by assisted reproductive technology, placenta abruption, placenta accrete, low-lying placenta, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, macrosomia, polyhydramnios, or epidural analgesia), we analyzed 174,082 primiparous women who had one live singleton birth via vaginal delivery in cephalic presentation at 37 weeks’ gestation. Information about abnormal labor patterns (hypotonic uterine dysfunction, prolonged labor, and arrest of labor) diagnosed by obstetricians were also used in this study. In order to focus on innate maternal poor uterine contractility, we classified subjects into four classes according to whether they were diagnosed with abnormal labor patterns and whether they had used uterotonics, and Odds ratios and their 95% CI were calculated as well.Results Among the enrolled women, 10,508 (6.0%) had PPH. Abnormal labor patterns, including hypotonic uterine dysfunction (adjusted OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.34), prolonged labor (adjusted OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.52) and arrest of labor (adjusted OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.78 to 2.29) were significantly associated with an increased risk of PPH. Compared to women who were not diagnosed any abnormal labor patterns and did not use any uterotonics, women who were diagnosed with abnormal labor patterns were at a significantly increased risk for PPH regardless of whether they had used uterotonics(adjusted OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.37) or not (adjusted OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.37).Conclusion Our study suggests that innate poor uterine contractility is a significant predisposing risk factor in otherwise low-risk women.Trial Registration: This study is retrospectively registered.
Music Therapy Reduced Nauseas and Pain Of The Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cells Transplantation Autologous (Randomized Clinical Trial)
Authors: DORO CARLOS ANTONIO , Neto Jose Zanis , Kowalski Sergio
Published: May 2020

Purpose: The autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT Aut) is a therapeutic medical treatment for various neoplastic hematologic, congenital, genetic or acquired disorders. In this procedure which combines high-dose chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and has a high degree of cytotoxicity, the patient experiences solitary confinement, which causes psychological distress, anxiety, mood, fatigue, nauseas, pain and can lead him/her to depression. Music therapy applied with the purpose of decreasing this social confinement. This is a randomized clinical trial. Method: n=45 patients were selected randomly. n=24 were selected for the Experimental Music Therapy Group (EMG) and n=21 received music therapy intervention for the Control Group (CG) who received the standard treatment. The intervention of live music was applied using music therapy methods and techniques. Assessment and quantification made using the visual analog scale (VAS). The dependent variables were nauseas and pain of patients. Results: The student t test applied, (p <0.05) considered statistically significant when comparing the groups, reducing nauseas and pain significantly Conclusion: Music therapy reduced nausea and pain of the patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cells transplantation autologous, providing bio-psychosocial welfare.
Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Nepal Richa , Sapkota Kalyan , Adhikari Kalidas , Paudel Pramod , Adhikari Bhojraj , Paudyal Nabin , Sapkota Kiran , Nepal Rhishikesh
Published: May 2020

Background

COVID-19 is a viral respiratory disease that was recently recognized in humans. The number of COVID-19 cases has been gradually increasing in Nepal. The objective of this study was to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Chitwan, one of the districts located in central Nepal.
Methods

It was a cross-sectional study conducted among healthcare workers from various health institutions located in Chitwan district of Nepal. A self-reported questionnaire was circulated online. Bivariate analyses were done using Spearman’s correlation coefficient, Pearson’s chi square test, and student’s t test as appropriate, whereas multivariate analyses were done using linear regression models.
Results

A total of 353 responses were analyzed, out of which 47% were nurses, 28.9% were doctors, 11.6% were health assistants, 2% were certified medical assistants, and the remaining 10.5% were categorized as others. The majorities were females (58.9%), were in the age group of 16–29 years (67.1%) and had work experience of less than 5 years (62%). The majority of healthcare workers obtained good to moderate knowledge and practice scores (n = 82.15%, 83.57%, respectively) and had positive attitude scores (n = 90.93%). Mean score values were 21.65 ± 4.71 out of 33 in knowledge section, 8.07 ± 1.49 out of 13 in attitude section and 13.89 ± 5.33 out of 20 in practice section. Mean knowledge and practice scores were significantly associated with job descriptions of healthcare workers (p value – 0.000, 0.007, respectively) with highest mean knowledge scores among doctors (23.70 ± 4.48) and highest mean practice scores among health assistants (15.10 ± 3.61). Higher practice scores (ß = 0.626) and infection prevention training (ß = 1.467) were significantly associated with higher knowledge scores; higher knowledge (ß = 1.366) and higher practice scores (ß = 0.110) were significantly associated with higher attitude scores; and higher knowledge scores (ß = 0.308) and higher attitude scores (ß = 0.265) were significantly associated with higher practice scores.
Conclusion

The majority of healthcare workers from Chitwan, Nepal, had good to moderate knowledge and practice scores and had a positive attitude toward COVID-19. There was a significant association between knowledge, attitude and practice scores regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers.
A comparison of sleep habits and electronic media usage among Japanese children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Horiuchi Fumie , Oka Yasunori , Kawabe Kentaro , Ueno Shu-ichi
Published: May 2020

Background Children are increasingly exposed to electronic media, which can potentially influence sleep habits. Few studies have investigated how children’s life patterns affect their sleep habits and electronic media usage. This study aimed to elucidate differences in sleep habits and electronic media usage among 18-month and 42-month old children attending nursery schools or kindergartens or staying at home.Methods We included 183 18-month-old children (boys, n = 93; girls, n = 90) and 215 42-month-old children (boys, n = 104; girls, n = 111) who underwent health check-ups. Data concerning sleep habits and electronic media usage time were obtained by caregivers and compared using the chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Bonferroni–Dunn post hoc analysis.Results At 18 months old, children attending nursery school had significantly earlier wake times on weekdays and shorter sleep duration on weekends than children staying at home, although there were no significant differences in electronic media usage. There were no significant differences in sleep duration among 42-month-old children attending nursery schools, kindergartens, or staying at home; however, children attending kindergarten demonstrated a higher use of portable and home video games.Conclusion Different life patterns affected electronic media usage in preschool children, especially those attending kindergarten. Particular attention should be paid to the higher usage of electronic media devices by kindergarten-attending children, although they slept for the same amount of time as other preschool children. Future studies are required to assess the content of electronic games and the ways in which preschool children use their time.
ANÁLISE JURÍDICA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO CONSTITUCIONAL COM ENFOQUE NO POVO INDÍGENA TAPEBA
Authors: OLIVEIRA Tiê Tófoli de , MELO FILHO Renato Luís
Published: May 2020

Atualmente o povo Tapeba encontra-se dividido em 12 aldeias, todas dentro da área demarcada pelo Relatório Circunstanciado de Identificação e Delimitação da Terra Indígena (RECID) de 2013, localizadas na região de Caucaia distrito do município de Fortaleza: Sobradinho; Ponte; Capoeira; Trilho; Jandaiguaba; Capuan, Jardim do Amor, Aldeia dos Cacos (Coité); Lagoa I; Lagoa II, Lameirão e Lagoa das Bestas. A área declarada é de 5,2 mil hectares, o que equivale a 4,31% do território total do município. De acordo com o último censo (2014), a população indígena se encontra com cerca de 6651 índios. Atualmente eles têm sua área declarada pelo estado brasileiro e aguardam a FUNAI (Fundação Nacional do Índio) fazer a licitação para executar a demarcação física da terra. Vale ressaltar que mediante a atual política do Governo Federal a FUNAI vem sofrendo constante processo de sucateamento. Neste momento o povo Tapeba aguarda a mobilização desta fundação para que o seu território seja devidamente demarcado conforme decreto nº1775/96. Processo que já dura mais de 30 anos, o que vai contra o disposto no artigo nº67 da constituição federal de 1988.
Landau theory for non-equilibrium steady states
Authors: Aron Camille , Chamon Claudio
Published: May 2020

We examine how non-equilibrium steady states close to a continuous phase transition can still be described by a Landau potential if one forgoes the assumption of analyticity. In a system simultaneously coupled to several baths at different temperatures, the non-analytic potential arises from the different density of states of the baths.
In periodically driven-dissipative systems, the role of multiple baths is played by a single bath transferring energy at different harmonics of the driving frequency.
The mean-field critical exponents become dependent on the low-energy features of the two most singular baths.
We propose an extension beyond mean field.
New Orodispersible Mini Tablets of Enalapril Maleate by Direct Compression for Pediatric Patients
Authors: Ortega Claudia A. , Favier Laura S. , Cianchino Valeria A. , Cifuente Diego A.
Published: May 2020

Background:

In many countries, hypertension in the pediatric population is considered a
serious risk of mortality and morbidity. In this respect, it is central to design and develop new pharmaceutical
forms for pediatric patients with hypertension. The development of Orodispersible Mini-Tablets
(ODMTs) for pediatric use has gained importance in recent years. Therefore, regulations for developing
suitable and palatable dosage forms for pediatric patients have been established by WHO authorities.

Objective:

This study aimed to design and develop orodispersible mini tablets of enalapril maleate
(EnM ODMTs) for pediatric use.

Methods:

Five pharmaceutical formulations (A, B, C, D and E, shown in Table 1) were designed. The
effects of different co-processed excipients and active pharmaceutical ingredients at different doses
were studied. Lactose co-processed excipients selected were the following: Tablettose® 80, Microce-
Lac® 100 and StarLac®. The micromeritic properties for all the physical mixtures were examined. The
mini tablets were obtained by direct compression. Quality control parameters were determined in accordance
with US Pharmacopeia.

Results:

Three OMDTs with StarLac® showed good results of hardness, flow ability and fast disintegration.
The formulation with 0.1 mg of enalapril maleate presented the best results for the official parameters
of hardness (4.0 kp), friability (< 1%), disintegration time (28 s), drug content uniformity (103.6
%), and wetting time (23 s).

Conclusion:

The three OMDTs with StarLac® showed good quality parameters, according to official
requirements. Formulation A exhibited the best wetting time, complying with the dose recommended
for pediatric patients. This formulation could be considered eligible for being manufactured at industrial
scale.
Analysis and Validation of Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs with their Target Genes Involved in GLP-1RA Facilitated Osteogenesis
Authors: Wang Na , Li Yukun , Liu Sijing , Gao Liu , Liu Chang , Bao Xiaoxue , Xue Peng
Published: May 2020

Background:

Recent studies revealed that the hypoglycemic hormone, glucagon-like
peptide-1 (GLP-1), acted as an important modulator in osteogenesis of bone marrow derived
mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to identify the specific microRNA (miRNA) using
bioinformatics analysis and validate the presence of differentially expressed microRNAs with their
target genes after GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) administration involved in osteogenesis of
BMSCs.

Methods:

MiRNAs were extracted from BMSCs after 5 days’ treatment and sent for highthroughput
sequencing for differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs analyses. Then, the expression
of the DE miRNAs was verified by the real-time RT-PCR analyses. Target genes were predicted,
and highly enriched GOs and KEGG pathway analysis were conducted using bioinformatics
analysis. For the functional study, two of the target genes, SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 5
(SOX5) and G protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84), were identified.

Results:

A total of 5 miRNAs (miRNA-509-5p, miRNA-547-3p, miRNA-201-3p, miRNA-201-5p,
and miRNA-novel-272-mature) were identified and differentially expressed among groups. The
expression of miRNA-novel-272-mature was decreased during the osteogenic differentiation of
BMSCs, and GLP-1RA further decreased its expression. MiRNA-novel-272-mature might interact
with its target mRNAs to enhance osteogenesis. The lower expression of miRNA-novel-272-
mature led to an increase in SOX5 and a decrease in GPR84 mRNA expression, respectively.

Conclusions:

Taken together, these results provide further insights to the pharmacological properties of GLP-1RA
and expand our knowledge on the role of miRNAs-mRNAs regulation network in BMSCs’ differentiation.
Repurposing of Alexidine Dihydrochloride as an Apoptosis Initiator and Cell Cycle Inhibitor in Human Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Kasikci Ezgi , Aydemir Esra , Yogurtcu Bekir M. , Sahin Fikrettin , Bayrak Omer F.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Highly aggressive and resistant to chemotherapy, pancreatic cancers are the fourth
leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the western world. The absence of effective chemotherapeutics is leading
researchers to develop novel drugs or repurpose existing chemicals. Alexidine Dihydrochloride (AD), an
orally bioavailable bis-biguanide compound, is an apoptosis stimulating reagent. It induces mitochondrial damage
by inhibiting a mitochondrial-specific protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTPMT1. The aim of this study was to
test AD as a novel compound to induce apoptosis in a human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, Panc-1,
MIA PaCa-2, AsPC-1, and Psn-1.

Methods:

After the IC50 value of the AD was determined by cytotoxicity assay, apoptosis was observed by a
variety of methods, including the detection of early apoptosis marker Annexin V and the proteomic profile
screening by apoptosis array. Multicaspase and mitochondrial depolarization were measured, and changes in the
cell cycle were analyzed.

Results:

AD is found to initiate apoptosis by activating the intrinsic pathway and inhibit the cell cycle in pancreatic
cancer cell lines.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, considering its anti-cancer properties and bioavailability, Alexidine dihydrochloride
can be considered as a potential candidate against pancreatic adenocarcinomas.
Pre-Chemistry Concepts and Medical Therapy among Ancient Physicians through the Pre-Socratic Philosophers
Authors: Santacroce Luigi , Bottalico Lucrezia , Haxhirexha Kastriot , Topi Skender , Charitos Ioannis A.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Chemistry as experimental science began in the seventeenth century, when it
began moving away from being one of the alchemical doctrines and toward analyzing matter and its
transformations using scientific methods. Previously, the ancient Pre-Socratic philosophy through observation
of nature was concerned with the laws that govern the natural world and the property of matter.
Later, the Hellenistic Alexandrian culture took possession of the Hermetic doctrines of the Egyptians,
mixing them with pre-Socratic thought and Gnosticism. At this historical moment, therefore,
there was a fusion of the Greek philosophical patrimony and the Hellenistic and Alexandrian influences
on medicine. The Hermetic gnosis evolved over time to become alchemy and then to usher in the
birth of chemical science. Many doctors were wandering philosophers who dealt with cosmogony to
understand the body and diseases and to discover new healing drugs for treatment, and thus they were
the first chemist therapists.

Methods:

The influence of ancient physicians through the pre-Socratic philosophy for these prochemical
theories and practice has been researched through ancient texts, so these texts have been referenced
to determine the legacy of paleo-chemicals doctrines.

Results:

The study of various texts in particular from the Pre-Socratic age and the eminent physicians
underline that, despite a different approach to the cosmogonic concepts of nature and the matter, the
medicine of that age had an important influence on chemistry as an experimental science, especially
concerning therapy with drugs.

Conclusions:

The Pre-Socratic philosophers have influenced the medical practice and guided it toward
the concept of the properties of matter for medical treatment and an understanding of the causes of
diseases.
Giemsa Staining of Some Nano-formulations on Neuroblastoma Cell Line
Authors: Nigam Kuldeep , Dang Shweta
Published: May 2020

Background:

Nano-formulations of various drugs and natural compounds are becoming
popular day by day. A number of cosmetic, medicinal and herbal products are formulated using
nano-carriers. However, one of the concerns using these carriers is the alteration in morphology of
cell by using such particles or droplets.

Methods:

In the present work, Giemsa staining was used to study the morphological changes on
mammalian Neuro-2a cell line upon treatment with prepared capsaicin loaded nanoemulsion
(Caps-NE), baclofen loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (Bcf-PLGA-NPs) and
lamotrigine loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (Ltg-PLGA-NPs). Caps-NE, Bcf-
PLGA-NPs and Ltg-PLGA-NPs, along with their respective aqueous drug counterparts, were
examined for visible morphological changes at their corresponding reported maximum plasma
concentration (Cmax) and 10xCmax values.

Results:

Microscopic images showed that drug loaded nanoemulsion/nanoparticles showed
comparable cell viability and exhibited lesser cytotoxicity than the available aqueous drug forms at
both the concentrations.

Conclusion:

The prepared formulations can be used as potentially safer option as compared to
their aqueous counterparts.
Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Anticancer Activity
of Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart): A Narrative Review
Authors: da Silva Marcos Antonio Custódio Neto , do Desterro Soares Brandão Nascimento Maria , de Carvalho João Ernesto
Published: May 2020

Background:

Euterpe oleracea Mart (açaí) is traditionally used as antidiarrheal, kidney and liver infections
and as antimalarial.

Methods:

A review on Euterpe oleracea Mart was carried out in different databases, such as PubMed, Medline, Scielo,
Herbal Medicine, as well as dissertations, theses, and books.

Results:

The literature shows the anticancer potential of açaí in different e cancer models. Regarding phytochemical
composition, the literature shows greater amount of polyphenols, especially anthocyanins.

Conclusions:

The different uses of Euterpe oleracea Mart have been demonstrated by pharmacological and
phytochemical studies, with the great amount of polyphenols, found in açaí, being pointed out as the main responsible
for its anticancer activity.
The value of communication and cooperation when servers are strategic
Authors: Fackrell Mark , Li Cong , Taylor Peter , Wang Jiesen
Published: May 2020

In 2015, Guglielmi and Badia discussed optimal strategies in a particular type of service system with two strategic servers. In their setup, each server can be either active or inactive and an active server can be requested to transmit a sequence of packets. The servers have varying probabilities of successfully transmitting when they are active, and both servers receive a unit reward if the sequence of packets is transmitted successfully. Guglielmi and Badia provided an analysis of optimal strategies in four scenarios: where each server does not know the other’s successful transmission probability; one of the two servers is always inactive; each server knows the other’s successful transmission probability and they are willing to cooperate.

Unfortunately, the analysis by Guglielmi and Badia contained some errors. In this paper we correct these errors. We discuss three cases where both servers (I) communicate and cooperate; (II) neither communicate nor cooperate; (III) communicate but do not cooperate. In particular, we obtain the unique Nash equilibrium strategy in Case II through a Bayesian game formulation, and demonstrate that there is a region in the parameter space where there are multiple Nash equilibria in Case III. We also quantify the value of communication or cooperation by comparing the social welfare in the three cases, and propose possible regulations to make the Nash equilibrium strategy the socially optimal strategy for both Cases II and III.

doi:10.1017/S1446181120000048
A semi-analytical pricing formula for European options under the rough Heston-CIR model
Authors: He Xin-Jiang , Lin Sha
Published: May 2020

We combine the rough Heston model and the CIR (Coxâ€“Ingersollâ€“Ross) interest rate together to form a rough Heston-CIR model, so that both the rough behaviour of the volatility and the stochastic nature of the interest rate can be captured. Despite the convoluted structure and non-Markovian property of this model, it still admits a semi-analytical pricing formula for European options, the implementation of which involves solving a fractional Riccati equation. The rough Heston-CIR model is more general, taking both the rough Heston model and the Heston-CIR model as special cases. The influence of rough volatility and stochastic interest rate is shown to be significant through numerical experiments.

doi:10.1017/S1446181120000024
The Pregnancy Experience Among Women With HIV: A Literature Review
Authors: Lellyawaty Lellyawaty
Published: May 2020

The 2018 UNAIDS data showed that 36.9 million people live with HIV. Of these, 4,400 cases found among adults (> 15 years old) and nearly 43% were women. In Sub-Saharan Africa, it was estimated that 24% of maternal deaths during prenatal or postnatal care were associated with HIV. Therefore, clinical attention is highly required during pregnancy and after delivery, particularly for those who are infected or at greater risk of HIV. This study aimed to determine pregnancy experience among women with HIV. PubMed and Proquest were used to search relevant articles from 2015-2018 by typing the keywords: "pregnant HIV" OR "pregnancy HIV" OR "HIV pregnancy" OR "HIV pregnancy" AND “experience”. The inclusion and exclusion criteria was determined through: Population, Exposure, Outcome and Study Design (PEOS) framework, PRISMA flow diagram, data extraction and CASP, and mapping the findings. Of 378 selected articles, 7 articles were found to be relevant with the study objective. Using qualitative designs, the articles discussed the disclosure of HIV status that remained hidden. This was due to lack of courage, high level of violence, negative stigma in community and lack of support from health practitioners in providing information about HIV during pregnancy. Support from family and peers can prevent HIV transmission from pregnant women to their fetus. Pregnant women with HIV can still expect that their pregnancy will be healthy and no HIV transmission to their newborn. Disclosure of HIV status remains be fear and concern. However, positive support from family, community and health practitioners can motivate pregnant women with HIV to improve their health.
The Effect Of Java Langgam Music Therapy As Adjuvant Therapy Towards Changes Blood Pressure In Hypertension Patients In Puskesmas Depok Ii Sleman Yogyakarta
Authors: Marti Eva , Estri Arimbi Karunia , Rahayu Margareta Hesti
Published: May 2020

The prevalence of hypertension in Sleman Regency in 2015 was 33.2%, where hypertension was ranked second from the top ten outpatient diseases in the Puskesmas in Sleman Regency. Hypertension requires regular and continuous treatment to prevent further complications. Therefore, it is necessary to have complementary therapies as adjuvants such as Javanese music therapy as a therapeutic choice. Langgam Javanese music is classical music that has been well known by the people in Yogyakarta. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Javanese style music therapy on changes in blood pressure in hypertension patients in the control group and intervention group. This study was a quasi-experimental study that compared changes in blood pressure in the intervention group and the control group. The sample used was hypertensive patients who routinely treated in Depok II Health Center, as many as 60 people, 30 people in the intervention group and 30 people in the control group. The results showed that there difference in systolic and dyastolic blood pressure significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group with a value of P = 0,000 (<0.05). Langgam Jawa music therapy can be chosen as an adjuvant therapy for hypertensive patients in DI Yogyakarta.
Association of BMI and Sport Activity Habits With Dysmenhorea
Authors: Khotimah Khusnul , Jauzak RR Rhetno Arobiatul , Nurunniyah Siti , Maharani Oktaviana , Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Pain during menstruation or primary dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological complaint and experienced by many women, especially in adolescence or puberty. On average more than 50% of women in each country experience primary dysmenorrhea. As many as 55% of productive age women in Indonesia experience dysmenorrhea. Although dysmenorrhea is a common complaint about adolescents, dysmenorrhea can disrupt the activities and productivity of adolescents, so that if it is not prevented or not handled properly it can result in a decrease in the quality of life and productivity of adolescents who are the next generation. Several factors that influence the incidence of dysmenorrhea are the age of the woman, age of menarche, nutritional status, stress and exercise habits. Based on these factors,  Body Mass Index (BMI) and sport activity habits are factors of the healthy habits that are very useful for improving health status in general and specifically reproductive health.  Knowing the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and sport activity habits and the incidence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents The study was an observational study with a cross-sectional approach. All respondents numbered 142 students, experiencing menarche at a normal age. The highest frequency of menarche (mode) is at the age of 12 years as many as 50 respondents (35.2%). A respondent with a normal BMI category there are 81 respondent (57%), 44 (31%) respondent have underweight BMI category and 17 (35%) was obese.  Ninety-three respondents or 69.5% have sport activity habits, 49 (34.5%) were not used to exercise. Respondents who experienced dysmenorrhea were 120 respondents (84.5%) and 22 respondents (15.5%) did not experience dysmenorrhea. BMI is not associated with dysmenorrhea incidence with P-Value = 0,07. While sport activity habits are significantly associated with dysmenorrhea in high school students with a p-value = 0.01 <α (0.05), CI = 95%, and a strong Contingency Coefficient with a value of 0.621.