bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptual design and construction of lightweight R-UHPFRC bridges
Authors: Brühwiler Eugen
Published: February 2021

This paper is addressed to structural engineers motivated to design and build R-UHPFRC structures as cost-effective lightweight structures of original aesthetic expression. Basic principles and essential UHPFRC properties are outlined first. The conceptual design is illustrated by means of two designs in precast segmental construction, one for a railway bridge and one for a footbridge. The footbridge has been built in Switzerland and is in service since 2015.
Strengthening of plain concrete beams using Strain Hardening Geopolymer Composites (SHGC) layers
Authors: Al-Majidi Mohammed Haloo , Lampropoulos Andreas , Cundy Andrew B.
Published: February 2021

In this paper the application of novel, environmentally friendly, Strain Hardening Geopolymer Composites (SHGC) for the structural upgrade of existing concrete elements has been examined. The binder of these cement-free materials (SHGC) is different from that used in conventional cement based systems. Ternary geopolymer binder is used instead of Portland cement, which is activated by a low concentration and content of alkaline liquids (Potassium Silicate). The addition of two types of fibres (steel and PVA) has been examined in order to provide enhanced ductility and energy absorption characteristics. These novel materials have been used for the strengthening of concrete prisms. SHGC layers have been applied to conventional concrete elements and composite prisms with 100 mm breadth and depth and 500 mm span length and have been tested through flexural tests. The experimental results indicate that the addition of SHGC layers to existing concrete elements can considerably improve the flexural response of normal concrete. The proposed technique can lead to significantly higher flexural loading carrying capacity, while at the same time the ductility can be considerably improved, especially by the addition of PVA fibres which can also provide strain hardening properties.
Bridge scour monitoring: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Farooq Mohammed , Azhari Faezeh , Banthia Nemkumar
Published: February 2021

Scour and related hydraulic causes have been identified as the reason for almost 60% of over-water bridge failures in the United States. Hundreds of millions of dollars have been spent in direct repair costs. With increased frequency of flooding due to erratic rainfall patterns, scour-related damage to bridges is expected to increase. In the last few decades, several periodic and real-time scour monitoring systems have been developed. This state-of-the-art review introduces various contact and non-contact methods of bridge scour monitoring along with their strengths and limitations. Next, the challenges in installation and performance of some of the scour monitoring techniques in field applications are discussed. Indirect methods of monitoring bridge scour based on ambient and forced vibration analysis of the structure are also reviewed. Finally, the paper also provides some thoughts on novel methods of conditions assessment hitherto not tried for scour monitoring.
Proof load testing of the viaduct De Beek
Authors: Lantsoght Eva , Koekkoek Rutger , Yang Yuguang , van der Veen Cor , de Boer Ane , Hordijk Dick
Published: February 2021

Proof load testing can be a suitable method to show that a bridge can carry the required loads from the code without distress. This paper addresses the preparation, execution, and analysis of a proof load test on a four-span reinforced concrete solid slab bridge, viaduct de Beek. The bridge has one lane in each direction, but was restricted to a single lane, since an assessment showed that the capacity is not sufficient to allow both lanes. For this proof load test, the bridge was heavily equipped with sensors, so that early signs of distress can be seen. The difficulty in this test was that, for safety reasons, only the first span could be tested, but that the lowest ratings were found in the second span. A direct approval of the viaduct by proof loading was thus not possible, and an analysis was necessary after the field test. The result of this analysis is that only by allowing 6.7% of plastic redistribution in the second span, sufficient capacity can be demonstrated.
Interações Discursivas entre Educadores Museais e Estudantes: Um Estudo de Caso em um Museu de Ciências a partir das Contribuições de Bakhtin e do Círculo
Authors: Lima Guilherme , Rocha Jéssica Norberto
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho, que se configura como um estudo de caso de carácter qualitativo, investigou as interações entre educadoras museais e uma turma de uma escola pública do estado de São Paulo em uma visita a um museu de ciências. O conceito de dialogia, proposto por Bakhtin e o círculo, foi utilizado como referência teórica para a análise. Os dados foram coletados em áudio e vídeo, por meio de observação não participante, e trechos foram selecionados e transcritos para as análises. Nas duas seções analisadas, o diálogo foi centrado e conduzido pelas educadoras museais e seus conhecimentos, e não nos estudantes, e houve dificuldades no estabelecimento de uma comunicação que considerasse diversas interpretações dos objetos enunciativos. Os resultados indicaram a recorrência de dois tipos de interação: discurso com mudança de locutores, controlado pela educadora museal, e discurso que silencia os estudantes, ambos classificados como monológicos. Nesse sentido, ainda existem desafios a serem explorados em estudos futuros e nas práticas de formação inicial e continuada desses profissionais.
Mathematical Modelling of the Relationship between Two Different Temperament Classifications: During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Abdul Rasheed Mohammed Aref , Farooque Murtaza M. Junaid , Acharya Haridas S. , Quadri Mohammed Sharique A.
Published: February 2021

In medicine, it is well known that healthy individuals have different physical and mental characteristics. Ancient Indian medicine, Ayurveda and the Persian-Arabic traditional Unani medicine has two distinct approaches for the classification of human subjects according to their temperaments. The individual temperament is an important foundation for personalized medicine, which can help in the prevention and treatment of many diseases including COVID-19. This paper attempts to explore the relationship of the utmost important concepts of these systems called individual temperament named as Prakruti in Ayurveda and Mizaj in Unani practice using mathematical modelling. The results of mathematical modelling can be adopted expediently for the development of algorithms that can be applied in medical informatics. For this, a significant literature review has been carried out. Based on the previous researchers' reviews the essential parameters have been identified for making the relationship and hypothesis were framed. The mathematical modelling was adopted to propose the existence of the relationship between the parameters of such an ancient and rich medicine systems. The hypotheses are validated through the mathematic driven model. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01258 Full Text: PDF
Explaining an Adoption and Continuance Intention to Use Contactless Payment Technologies: During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Puriwat Wilert , Tripopsakul Suchart
Published: February 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the lives of people and services, pushing them toward new technologies that are in step with the development of a “New Normal” way of life. Contactless technologies have been realized as a mechanism to reduce the risks of infection, accelerating the move to touchless behaviors. The purpose of this study is to develop an Integrated Expectation-Confirmation and Health Belief Model (ECHBM) to explain an adoption and continuance intention to use contactless technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand. Based on an empirical research survey of 142 samples, the proposed conceptual model was empirically validated using structural equation modelling (SEM). The study found that perceived usefulness, perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, and satisfaction significantly influenced continuance usage intention of contactless payment technologies, whereas perceived usefulness and confirmation were found to be significant determinants of consumer satisfaction. The effect of perceived susceptibility was found to be relatively higher than that of satisfaction, and confirmation was found to have an indirect effect on continuance usage intention through perceived usefulness and satisfaction. The integrated ECHBM model has strong explanatory power (56.8%) to predict customers’ continuance usage intention toward use of contactless payment technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study proposes a novel challenge to explain an adoption and continuance intention to use contactless payment technologies as a protective health behavior to mitigate risks of being infected by COVID-19. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01260 Full Text: PDF
Avaliação do consumo alimentar durante o covid-19
Authors: Bicalho Elton , Vieira Bianka
Published: February 2021

O atual contexto da pandemia causada pelo covid-19 trouxe impactos diretos nos hábitos alimentares e na prática de exercícios físicos, podendo ser um fator para o agravamento de doenças crônicas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar as mudanças nos hábitos alimentares de praticantes de atividade física durante a quarentena. Foi conduzido um estudo descritivo, com praticantes de musculação. Foi enviado por meio de aplicativo um questionário para coletar dados referentes ao perfil da amostra, questões referentes aos hábitos de vida, condições de saúde, alimentação e modificações corporais. Mudanças substanciais foram percebidas na alimentação e na ingestão hídrica, e 90,5% dos participantes relataram perceber mudanças corporais. Frente aos resultados obtidos foi possível verificar que o isolamento social foi responsável por uma diminuição na prática de atividades físicas e promoveu algumas mudanças nos hábitos alimentares.
ASSESSMENT ON SUITABILITY OF NORMALIZING AND PROBABILITY TYPE BENTHIC INDICES FOR PREDICTION OF BEHAVIOR OF INLAND WATER BODY
Authors: Gautam Gayatri
Published: February 2021

Natural variability in diversity of benthic macro invertebrate fauna or benthos has become a valuable tool in assessing, modeling and monitoring of water quality of inland water body with respect to its portability and of pollution level.  However, inappropriate use of these indices may leads to false interpretation or prediction of behavior of inland water body. In this study we have employed two normalizing (i.e Shannon-Wiener Index (H’), Pielou´s Evenness (J’)) and one probability type (HurlbertPIE Index(PIE)) indices to evaluate behavior of Baikona tank water body between Jan-2008 to Dec 2009.Sampling was carried out for period of 24 months at three different location and diversity of benthos for each location was tabulated.

It is observed that monthly variation these indices show same trend during observation period. Coefficient of correlation among normalizing indices is observed lesser degree when compared to correlation between normalizing and probability type index. Degree of correlation is equitable when samples in all three sampling stations are mapped as single for each sampling period. It can be summarized that to model the tank behavior (i)both normalizing type and probabilistic type indices to be considered.(ii)all samples taken at a time at different locations are to be mapped as single sample.
INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS – CONCEPT, ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES
Authors: Saxena Meenakshi
Published: February 2021

We live in a world where we are subject to environmental and economic effects that transcend national boundaries. Increasing globalization has led to a greater recognition of the need to address many of these issues through a global or a regional approach. Hence, International Environment Laws and their implementation are necessary to establish a consensus among the states and to realize the goal of sustainability. The broad category of "environmental law" may be broken down into a number of more specific regulatory subjects. While there is no single agreed-upon taxonomy, the core environmental law regimes address environmental pollution. A related but distinct set of regulatory regimes, now strongly influenced by environmental legal principles, focus on the management of specific natural resources, such as forests, minerals, or fisheries. Other areas, such as environmental impact assessment, may not fit neatly into either category, but are nonetheless important components of environmental law. Various international bodies organize conferences that assist decision makers with information, legal analysis, advisory services, legislative drafting, mentoring and capacity building at national, regional and global levels. They also provides the opportunity and the forum for governments, non-government organizations and others to network and to share information and discuss ideas.
REDUCTION OF RURAL POVERTY THROUGH SERICULTURE IN SPECIAL REFRENCE OF RURAL WOMEN
Authors: Jadhav Neeta , Yadav Ulka , Yadav Nishchhal
Published: February 2021

The contribution of rural women in sericulture in since ages, particularly in some of the critical areas is more of result of her innate attachment with the process of producing the best-the Queen of Textiles- and had been unarguably more than a cliché. We ought to learn from the past experiences that suggest devising a frame work of equitable and sustainable development of her participation on a consistent basis. Keeping in view the involvement of rural women in sericulture and silk industry, their present status in society and need for their empowerment, strategies to be incorporated in the various developmental initiatives are suggested.
SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Tiwari Neeta
Published: February 2021

With ever increasing social and environmental problems, the principles of Socio-Economic Sustainable development have gained prime importance. Human activities and their after-effects, direct and indirect, strongly influence nature and its resources. Keeping the huge role played by mankind in sustaining the glory of nature in mind, development goals need to be shaped in accordance with the parallel development and benefit of nature. India, as a developing nation, has a landmark role to play in future ecology conservation and management.
VEDIC SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Sharma Rekha
Published: February 2021

In the Veda’s natural elements play a pivot role but the international ship of creation was always within the context of its relationship with the creator. The Vedic sages believed that everything in this world stems from divine knowledge (the world) which was first revealed to the group of seers, who then passed this knowledge to successive generations of Vedic seers. The Gala-hypothesis postulates that planet earth is a living organism that adjusts and regulates itself like any other organism, and that for 3.5 billion years, microbes, plant and animals have co-evolved with the environment as one globally integrated super organism. In much the same vein, Deep ecology believes in the essential ecological equality of all species man and mouse, elephant and earthworm. In an interconnected indivisible ecosystem each part is as crucial as the next. The Vedas have categorically explains the role of nature, principle of food, life, intellect, and immortality. Earth, constellations and their roles are also defined in the Vedas. For sun and moon are celestial god air, water and sky, are aerial gods. Earth, river and fire are the terrestrial god. The universe is composed of five elements earth, sky, water, wind and fire. Vedic science urges people to pursue the path of ethical and sustainable economy, which coincides with the philosophy of ecological economics for sustainable development. The conventional economics always favours maximizing the material wealth so that individual will have a better quality of life. In the Vedic tradition, it is clearly stated that the life of each species is meant for well-being of all other species all of the 8,40,000 species on the planet live for each other except for one.
GREENHOUSE TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Pandey Shakuntala , Pandey Anil
Published: February 2021

Growing plants is both an art and a science. About 95% of plants, either food crops or cash crops are grown in open field. Since time immemorial, man has learnt how to grow plants under natural environmental conditions. In some of the temperate regions where the climatic conditions are extremely adverse and no crops can be grown, man has developed methods of growing some high. Value crop continuously by providing protection from the excessive cold, which is called as Greenhouse Technology. So, Greenhouse Technology is the technique of providing favorable environment condition to the plants. It is rather used to protect the plants from the adverse climatic conditions such as wind, cold, precipitation, excessive radiation, extreme temperature, insects and diseases. It is also of vital importance to create an ideal micro climate around the plants.

Greenhouses are framed or inflated structures covered with transparent or translucent material large enough to grow crops under partial or fully controlled environmental conditions to get optimum growth and productivity.

Agriculture is the backbone of India's economic activity and our experience during the last 50 years has demonstrated the strong correlation between agricultural growth and economic prosperity. The present agricultural scenario is a mix of outstanding achievements and missed opportunities. If India has to emerge as an economic power in the world, our agricultural productivity should equal those countries, which are currently rated as economic power of the world. We need a new and effective technology which can improve continuously the productivity, profitability, sustainability of our major farming systems. One such technology is the greenhouse technology. Although it is centuries old, it is new to India.
SWOT ANALYSIS OF ERICULURE
Authors: Vaidya Shubhangi
Published: February 2021

The reduction of rural poverty continues to be a paramount goal of the developing countries like India. So far various strategies (Sericulture is most appropriate out of them) have been pursued to address this concern and the rural employment creation is one of the major aspects. In India Sericulture is essentially village based industry providing employment to a sizable section of a population. Sericulture is not only a traditional, but also a living culture. It is an agro based labour intensive and commercially attractive economic activity falling under the cottage and small scale sector. India is the largest producer of Eri silk in the world as 96% of Eri silk is produced in India of the total Eri silk produced in the world (Rajesh Kumar and S.K.Gangwar 2010). Ericulture cannot progress unless it is thought out, planned and implemented in total perspective of the nation. No doubt, the central as well as the state government have their agencies in many places of the country and have been doing something. The aim of my SWOT analysis is to develop work plan for my research that takes into consideration many different internal and external factors and maximizes the potential of the strengths and opportunities while seeking minimize the impact of the weaknesses and threats.
ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION-LEGAL ISSUES AND IMLICATIONS
Authors: Jaiswal Ayush , Krishnani Madhuri
Published: February 2021

In the last few decades the large scale environmental degradation has caused global concern about the conservation and protection of life on the earth.

In the recent past we are hearing about environmental legislation which is no different from the goal set out in our constitution. It has become imperative to bring major change as far the enforcement mechanism is concerned. There is no doubt that the technological inventions and progress has over powered nature, it has also resulted in the thoughtless exploitation of nature. If man is able to transform deserts into oasis he is also leaving behind deserts in the place of oasis.
MUNICIPAL SOLID WET WASTE MANAGEMENT BY PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
Authors: Jain Shailendra , Jain Manjula
Published: February 2021

The municipal solid wet waste is an organic fraction that contributes to around 40% of total waste and it is biodegradable. In the present scenario, wet waste is generally mixed with other kinds of waste that is not bio-degradable. The foul smell is generated from the wet waste if not disposed within 24 hrs. This smell creates problem for people exposed to handling and management system. All biological treatment technologies applied to the wet (organic) waste treatment would require segregation of biodegradable and non-bio-degradable components. Once the waste of different categories is mixed it becomes very difficult to segregate them effectively. Many large size plants in the country are constructed to treat biodegradable waste with the objective to recover energy and produce organic manure but its smooth operation faces great challenge of accurate segregation resulting into plant break down and failures irrespective of robust technology. This research paper focuses on unique approach of public participation for segregation at source by deploying micro level biological treatment plants of capacity ranging from 1.0 MT/d to 5 MT/d. With the implementation of above approach and treatment technology, huge efforts that are presently put to segregate the waste will be eliminated. In addition to this, the energy and organic manure as end product obtained from the treatment plant makes it as self-sustainable.
DETECTION OFHEPATITIS ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY IN SERUM OF FEMALE HUMAN POPULATION
Authors: Khanna Rekha
Published: February 2021

Immunization with hepatitis B (HB) vaccine is highly effective; however, more needs to be learned about the duration of protection and the need of booster dose. Present study suggest that age of vaccination is very important also it is observed that there is waning effect of vaccine after a long period. Our study throw light on the reliability of qualitative and quantitative tests to observe seropositivity of HBs antibodies. Qualitative detection of HBsAg was done with the help of chromatographic Hepacard method. For HBsAb detection we have done Immunochromatographic assay (Westernblotting). In order to monitor successful vaccination, chemiluminescent method is used to determine quantitatively HBsAb in the serum. The chromatographic methods are sensitive for the presence of antibody titer in serum below 100 mIU/ml. Therefore Enzyme linked chemiluminiscent method is very sensitive for quantitative determination of HBsAb titre and thereby informative for the requirement of booster dose of vaccination.
REMOVAL OF TURBIDITY IN DAIRY WASTE WATER THROUGH AQUATIC MACROPHYTES
Authors: Bhutiani R. , Khanna D.R. , Tyagi Varun , Ahamad Faheem
Published: February 2021

Demand for milk and milk products caused vast growth of dairy industries in most countries of the world. Consequently, the amount of wastewater and waste material generated and discharged from these industries has also increased. Phytoremediation provides eco-friendly, low cost treatment approach for the waste water treatment. In the current study aquatic macrophytesEichornia and Lemna were taken in account individually and in combination. A wetland approach was used for the treatment of effluent (waste water) from Parag Dairy and Milk processing plant, Meerut. Effluent was then transferred to glass aquarium and analysed for Physico-chemical parameters viz. Temp., pH, Turbidity. The initial parameters of the raw waste water were recorded Temp 25.34oC, pH 5.8, Turbidity 648 NTU. After the treatment, 75 % removal of turbidity was recorded in case of Eichornia (486 NTU), while Lemna showed a potential of 54 % removal (350 NTU) of turbidity
DANGERS OF PESTICIDES ON WILDLIFE ECOLOGY
Authors: Lakhani Leena , Soni Dilip , Alune Brahmadeep
Published: February 2021

Wildlife includes plants, insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals and many other animals. Each species has certain niche for its specific food, shelter and breeding site. The place where specie has all of its living requirements becomes that species habitat. The wild life habitats include native and man-made, exist in urban settings, in agricultural fields and in the wilderness. Pesticides applied in many forms to forests, rangeland, aquatic habitats, farmland, urban turf and gardens. Pesticides poisoning to wildlife may result from acute or chronic exposure, via secondary exposure or through indirect effects to the animal.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND HUMAN SENTIMENT IN TODAY'S CONTEXTS
Authors: Sharma Seema , Tiiwari Abha
Published: February 2021

Human and nature complement each other. Man's life is not possible without nature i.e. environmental protection. He abandoned the idea of ​​conservation, exploiting nature due to the autism thinking of man. Felling trees, polluting rivers, drying wells, fumes and dusty dust, air filled with pesticide poison, are telling the story of man's dry sensation.We are all children of nature. Our body is made of five elements: land, air, water, sky and fire. These five elements are the environment. If one of them is polluted, then human life is also affected.

मानव एवं प्रकृति एक दूसरे के पूरक हैं। मनुष्य का जीवन प्रकृति अर्थात् पर्यावरण संरक्षण के बिना संभव नहीं है। मनुष्य की आत्मकेंद्रित सोच के कारण प्रकृति का दोहन करते हुए उसने संरक्षण का विचार त्याग दिया। कटते हुए वृक्ष, प्रदूषित होती हुई नदियाँ, सूखते हुए कुँए, धुँए और धूलका गुबार बनती हुई हवा, कीटनाशकों के जहर से भरी हुई खाद्य सामग्री, मनुष्य की सूखती हुई संवेदना की कहानी कह रहे हैं। हम सब प्रकृति की संतान है। पँचतत्वों से निर्मित है, हमारा शरीर: भूमि, वायु, जल, आकाश एवं अग्नि। ये पाँच तत्व ही पर्यावरण हैं। इनमंे से एक भी यदि प्रदूषित होता है तो मानव जीवन भी प्रभावित होता है।
SIMULASI MODEL PENGEMBANGAN GASIFIKASI LISTRIK BERBASIS BIOMASA HUTAN TANAMAN ENERGI
Authors: Yulianti Mira , Nurrochmat Dodik Ridho , Kuncahyo Budi
Published: February 2021

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan strategi kebijakan pengembangan model gasifikasi listrik berbasis biomasa di daerah-daerah pinggiran, melalui pembangunan Hutan Tanaman Energi (HTE).  Data primer dan sekunder diolah dengan regresi logit, gap analysis dan dirangkum dalam permodelan sistem dinamis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat sangat bergantung pada listrik dan produknya dan bersedia untuk membayar lebih akibat adanya listrik. Jika hutan tanaman dialokasikan untuk menyediakan biomasa yang akan digunakan untuk listrik maka strategi utama yang harus disiapkan adalah menjamin kepastian harga beli bahan baku biomasa sehingga menjamin kelayakan usaha pemegang ijin hutan tanaman.  Pengembangan biomasa terutama kaliandra dipandang penting karena mampu menyediakan energi primer yang berdasarkan kajian ini masih jauh antara rencana dengan realisasi.  Rasio elektrifikasi akan lebih cepat tercapai jika hutan tanaman energi dengan jenis kaliandra dikembangkan dengan serius. Untuk itu, strategi yang sesuai adalah menjamin harga bahan baku di angka Rp 400.000/ton dan pengaturan intensitas panen. Strategi pemungkin lain adalah subsidi untuk instalasi pembangkit listrik gasifikasi.
POTENSI TUMBUHAN LIAR DI SEMPADAN TERBANGUN SUNGAI CILIWUNG DI KOTA BOGOR SEBAGAI UPAYA RESTORASI EKOSISTEM SUNGAI
Authors: Mosyaftiani Amarizni , Kaswanto Regan L , Arifin Hadi Susilo
Published: February 2021

Tumbuhan liar di sempadan sungai dapat berupa tumbuhan asing/introduksi yang memiliki adaptasi yang tinggi untuk bisa tumbuh dan berkembang lebih cepat sehingga dapat mengganggu tumbuhan lokal. Di ekosistem perkotaan, tumbuhan asing/introduksi sering ditemukan tumbuh di sempadan sungai perkotaan sebagai ekosistem yang terganggu oleh aktivitas manusia. Tumbuhan tersebut mempunyai adaptasi dan ketahanan atau resiliensi untuk tumbuh di habitat yang berubah/terganggu/non-alami, baik akibat manusia atau alam.  Pada umumnya, tumbuhan liar di sempadan sungai tersebut kehadirannya tidak dipedulikan. Namun, tumbuhan tersebut dapat bermanfaat bagi ekosistem sungai, diantaranya sebagai input biomasa/energi, fitoremediasi polutan dan filtrasi air sungai.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji spesies tumbuhan liar yang ada di sempadan Sungai Ciliwung yang terbangun oleh tebing batu, semen/beton dan potensinya dalam mendukung restorasi Sungai Ciliwung di Kota Bogor.  Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode random sampling menggunakan plot untuk mengeksplorasi spesies dan tutupan (coverage) spesies di empat lokasi sempadan sungai perkotaan yang berbeton/semen dan terbangun oleh permukiman penduduk di Sungai Ciliwung, Kota Bogor.   Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tumbuhan liar yang ditemukan di sempadan terbangun Sungai Ciliwung Kota Bogor sebanyak 28 spesies: spesies introduksi/asing sebanyak 21 spesies dan spesies lokal sebanyak 7 spesies. Tiga spesies yang mempunyai tutupan terbesar berturut-turut yaitu Pogonatherum crinitum, Mikania micrantha, Chromolaena odorata. Spesies ini merupakan tanaman liar yang memiliki kemampuan fitoremediasi polutan di air sehingga dapat berfungsi untuk memperbaiki kualitas air dengan adanya pemulihan ekosistem sungai dengan melakukan rekayasa ekologi.
KELEMBAGAAN PROGRAM CITARUM HARUM DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUB DAS CIRASEA, CITARUM HULU
Authors: Nurysyifa Farhana , Kaswanto
Published: February 2021

Sub DAS Cirasea merupakan daerah hulu DAS Citarum. Area ini memiliki indeks erosi yang sangat buruk akibat masifnya aktivitas pertanian, sehingga landuse hutan semakin terancam dari tahun ke tahun. Padahal daerah hulu DAS memiliki peran strategis dalam menjamin kualitas air di daerah yang lebih rendah. Oleh karena itu, penempatan sektor Satgas Kodam III dalam menunjang program Citarum Harum terdapat di beberapa kecamatran di kawasan Sub DAS Cirasea. Namun, pelaksanaan program Citarum Harum yang hanya dibatasi 7 tahun justru menimbulkan persoalan baru terkait keberlanjutan pengelolaan. Kawasan yang menjadi prioritas dalam penempatan sektor khusus menangani ppermasalahan erosi memiliki beberapa kriteria, seperti status lahan sebagai hutan lindung dan atau hutan konservasi, luasnya area lahan kritis, elevasi diatas 1000 m, dan memiliki topografi curam. Motivasi ekonomi, sebagai salah satu faktor agar masyarakat memiliki inisiatif dalam mengelola sungai, dipengaruhi oleh seberapa pentingnya fungsi sungai sebagai penunjang kehidupan sehari-hari. Analisis SWOT menghasilkan beberapa prioritas rekomendasi, yaitu perlu adanya kepastian koordinasi antarprogram maupun antarsektor secara riil di lapangan dan kepastian pascapanen untuk meningkatkan motivasi petani dalam menanam kopi.
PERAMALAN DAN PENENTUAN TARGET PRODUKSI KEDELAI NASIONAL
Authors: Cahyadi Eko Ruddy
Published: February 2021

Kedelai merupakan salah satu bahan pangan yang banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat Indonesia dalam bentuk produk olahan seperti tempe, tahu, dan kecap.  Permintaan kedelai mentah sebagai bahan baku cenderung meningkat melampaui kapasitas produksi dalam negeri. Tercatat hanya sekitar 65% produksi lokal untuk memenuhi pasar kedelai domestik dan selebihnya berasal dari impor. Oleh karena itu, kebijakan dan program yang tepat untuk  peningkatan produksi lokal sangat dibutuhkan. Hal pertama yang perlu dilakukan adalah menentukan target produksi kedelai yang akan dicapai. Target ini akan menentukan alokasi sumberdaya dan program yang sesuai.. Dalam risalah ini dilakukan kajian penentuan target yang akuntabel dan realiastis melalui pendekatan peramalan kuantitatif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa metode peramalan weighted moving average untuk data produksi tahunan dan metode Holt's Winter (Multiplicative) untuk data produksi musiman adalah model peramalan terbaik dengan tingkat kesalahan terkecil. Kedua metode ini dapat diadopsi oleh Kementerian Pertanian dalam menentukan target produksi kedelai. Kisaran target produksi kedelai yang direkomendasikan untuk tahun 2019 adalah 971,489.45 ± 132,732.33 ton.
KONTRIBUSI PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR PANEN AIR TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI
Authors: Rejekiningrum Popi , Kartiwa Budi
Published: February 2021

Pembangunan infrastruktur panen air (embung dan bangunan air lainnya) merupakan upaya mengatasi permasalahan penyediaan air irigasi di lahan pertanian di Indonesia. Sesuai Direktif Presiden RI pada acara Rakernas Pembangunan Pertanian di Hotel Bidakara, Jakarta tanggal 5 Januari 2017 dan Pekan Nasional Petani Nelayan ke-15, di Aceh tanggal 6 Mei 2017, Presiden mengamanatkan untuk membangun embung dan penampung air lainnya  sebanyak 30.000 unit. Direktif tersebut ditindaklanjuti dengan rencana diterbitkannya Inpres tentang percepatan pembangunan embung kecil dan bangunan penampung air lainnya tahun 2017. Pembangunan ditujunan untuk tanaman padi sangat bermanfaat dan menguntungkan karena tidak membutuhkan investasi besar.   Pembangunan infrastruktur panen air  dengan layanan seluas 4 juta ha akan diperoleh keuntungan kotor Rp 81,7 T, sehingga pendapatan bersih mencapai Rp. 59,1 T. Sedangkan untuk tanaman jagung diperoleh keuntungan kotor Rp 72,96 T dan pendapatan bersih mencapai Rp. 50,37 T. Demikian pula manfaatnya untuk bawang merah akan menghasilkan penerimaan kotor sebesar Rp. 324,25 T sehingga pendapatan bersih mencapai Rp. 301,67 T.
Analisis Keaktifan Belajar Siswa kelas Tinggi di SDN 07 Sila pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Nurfatimah Nurfatimah , Hamdian Affandi Lalu , Syahrul Jiwandono Ilham
Published: February 2021

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keaktifan belajar siswa kelas tinggi di masa pandemi Covid-19, bentuk-bentuk keaktifan belajar siswa di kelas tinggi pada masa pandemi Covid-19 dan solusi guru dalam meningkatkan keaktifan belajar siswa kelas tinggi di masa pandemi Covid-19. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Informan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 15 orang dengan rincian 4 Orang Guru di kelas tinggi, Kepala Sekolah, 6 Siswa, dan 4 orang Tua. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik Analisis data menggunakan Analisis model Milles, Huberman dan Saldana yaitu mengumpulkan data, kondensasi data, penyajian data san penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan:  1) Proses belajar Siswa Kelas Tinggi Di SD Negri 07 Sila Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 dilaksanakan mulai 07:30-11:00. 2) Bentuk Keaktifan Siswa Kelas Tinggi pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 yaitu:Keaktifan Mendengarkan, Keaktifan membaca, Keaktifan menulis dan mencatat, Keaktifan mengerjakan soal, Keaktifan, keaktifan bertanya dan menjawab, Keaktifan emosi. 3) Cara guru untuk meningkatkan keaktifan Belajar Suswa Kelas Tinggi pada  Masa Pandemi Covid-19  yaitu: (a) Dalam memulai pembelajaran guru akan melakukan percakapan singkat dengan siswa, (b) Menggunkan metode pembelajaran dengan tepat, (c) Penggunaan media pada kegiatan pembelajaran yang dilakukan akan memberikan keefektifan sendiri dalam proses penyampaian materi, (d) Membuat meteri yang akan di ajarkan,( e) Memberikan motivasi belajar kepada siswa, (f) Melakukan diagnosa kesulitan belajar siswa.Keywords: keaktifan belajar, pandemi Covid-19
Pemanfaatan Limbah Organik (Kotoran Sapi) Menjadi Biogas dan Pupuk Kompos
Authors: Wardana Lalu Ali , Lukman Nizar , Mukmin Mukmin , Sahbandi Muhibban , Bakti Mario Sakti , Amalia Deninta Wasim , Wulandari Ni Putu Ayu , Sari Diana Afrianita , Nababan Cornelius Sopar
Published: February 2021

Masalah energi telah menjadi masalah yang cukup rumit dan sukar dihadapi terutama mengenai energi  tak terbarukan yang sangat diperlukan dalam kehidupan manusia. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sebuah inisiasi yang dapat mengurangi ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap energi tak terbarukan tersebut. Salah satunya energi yang yang suatu saat akan habis adalah gas, gas diperlukan sebagai bahan bakar tidak hanya di kehidupan rumah tangga melainkan seluruh aktifitas manusia. Maka adapun inisiasi untuk mengakali penggunaan gas bumi dengan memanfaatkan limbah kotoran sapi untuk dijadikan sebagai biogas yang dapat meringankan beban masyarakat serta menghemat energi. Selain itu limbah kotoran sapi pula dapat dijadikan pupuk kompos yang sangat berguna dalam meregenerasi tanah. Tentunya inisiasi ini sangat bermanfaat bagi kehidupan umat manusia.
PENGARUH PROPORSI DAMI NANGKA TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA, FISIK DAN ORGANOLEPTIK SELAI LEMBARAN NANAS
Authors: Parmiutari Ni Made Neni , Basuki Eko , Widyasari Rucitra
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

            This study aims to determine the chemical properties (moisture content, pH and total dissolved solid), physical properties (texture and color) and organoleptics (taste, color, aroma, texture) in the different formulation of slice jam from mixture straw jackfruit and pineapple. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 3 time replications and analyzed using Analysis of Variance at the 5% level and followed by Least Significant Difference test at the 5% level. These treatments include P0 (100 % pineapple), P1 (80% pineapple: 20% straw jackfruit), P2 (65% pineapple: 35% straw jackfruit), P3 (50% pineapple: 50% straw jackfruit), P4 (35% pineapple: 65% straw jackfruit), dan P5 (20% pineapple: 80% straw jackfruit). Observations made on moisture content, pH, total dissolved solid, texture, color and organoleptic taste, color, texture and aroma (scoring and hedonic). The results showed that the P3 treatment (50% straw jackfruit: 50% pineapple) was the preferred treatment for the panelists on the parameters of color, taste, and texture with the characteristics of moisture content 23.35%, pH 4.86, total dissolved solids 32,46oBrix, L value 44.79 and Hue value 70.67o and brownish yellow color, slightly pineapple taste, chewy texture and pineapple aroma and slightly jackfruit aroma.

Keywords: pineapple, slice jam, straw jackfruit

ABSTRAK

      Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat kimia (kadar air, pH dan total padatan terlarut), sifat fisik (tekstur dan warna) dan organoleptik (rasa, warna, aroma, tekstur) pada formulasi selai lembaran dari campuran dami nangka dan buah nanas yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis keragaman (Analysis of Variance) pada taraf 5% dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil pada taraf 5%. Perlakuan diantaranya P0 (100 % buah nanas), P1 (80% buah nanas: 20% dami nangka), P2 (65% buah nanas: 35% dami nangka), P3 (50% buah nanas: 50% dami nangka), P4 (35% buah nanas: 65% dami nangka), dan P5 (20% buah nanas: 80% dami nangka). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap kadar air, pH, total padatan terlarut, tekstur, warna dan organoleptik rasa, warna, tekstur dan aroma (skoring dan hedonik). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan P3 (50% dami nangka : 50% buah nanas) merupakan perlakuan yang agak disukai panelis pada parameter warna, rasa, dan tekstur dengan karakteristik kadar air 23,35%, pH 4,86, total padatan terlarut 32,46oBrix, nilai L 44,79 dan nilai Hue 70,67o serta warna kuning kecokelatan, agak berasa asam nanas, tekstur kenyal dan beraroma nanas dan sedikit beraroma nangka.

Kata kunci: buah nanas, dami nangka, selai lembaran
Evangelização das classes médias e solidariedade com os pobres
Authors: Morás Francisco
Published: February 2021

Neste artigo, depois de uma breve contextualização histórico-eclesial do Documento de Medellín, o autor oferece uma tríplice análise do Documento. Em primeiro lugar evidencia as principais componentes do projeto de evangelização presentes no documento, em seguida avalia como as classes médias, direta ou indiretamente, entram neste projeto de evangelização, e, por fim, tenta deduzir os níveis de solidariedade com os pobres que das classes médias se espera. Trata-se de uma análise movida pela suspeita de que a solidariedade com os pobres depende, em grande medida, da qualidade da evangelização que for ministrada às classes médias.

Abstract: After a brief historical-ecclesiastical contextualization of the document of Medellín, the author, in this article, offers a threefold analysis of the document. In the first place, it evidences the principal components ofthe project for evangelization present in the document, followed by an evaluation on how the middle classes, directly or indirectly, enter into this project of evangelization and, to sum up, a try at deducing the leveis of solidarity with the poor that we can expect from the middle classes. This is about an analysis motivated by the suspician that the solidarity with the poor depends, in great measure, upon the quality of the evangelization that was ministered to the middle classes.
O holocausto e a consciência cristã
Authors: Corrêa Lima Luís
Published: February 2021

O artigo analisa o documento do Vaticano sobre o Holocausto, situando-o na complexa história das relações cristão-judaicas. Quer mostrar como se deu a passagem do Cristo judeu à cristandade antijudaica, terreno fértil para outras formas de anti-semitismo que culminaram no nazismo e na Shoah. Em seguida analisa os pontos controvertidos do documento: a ação da Igreja nos anos 30 e na Segunda Guerra; a condenação do anti-semitismo, do nazismo e os pontos de ambiguidade e colaboração; e a atuação de Pio XII. Compara o documento da Santa Sé com os pronunciamentos dos bispos alemães (1995) e dos bispos franceses (1997) sobre o tema, investigando a eclesiologia subjacente. Por fim, contempla as perspectivas de diálogo entre judeus e cristãos.

Abstract: The article analizes the Vatican document on the Holocaust, putting it in the complex Christian-Jewish relationship throughout History. It tries to show how Christianity went out from the Jewish Christ to the unjewish Christendom, a good soil to otherforms of anti-Semitism that led to Nazism and the Shoah. Then, it focus on the controversial points of the document: the action of the Church in the 30’s and in the Second World War; the condemnation of anti-Semitism, of Nazism and the leveis of ambiguity and collaboration; as well as the action of Pius XII. It collates the Holy See s document with statements ofthe German bishops (1995) and the French bishops (1997) about that theme, investigating the ecclesiology that is behind thenu Eventually it points out the perspectives of Christian-Jewish dialog.
PENGOLAHAN RUMPUT LAUT (Eucheuma cottoni) MENJADI DAWET RUMPUT LAUT
Authors: Sholiha Illiyatus
Published: February 2021

Diversifikasi produk rumput laut jenis Eucheuma cottoni menjadi minuman khas daerah berupadawet. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menghasilkan dawet rumput laut Eucheuma cottoni sertamengetahui perbandingan jumlah rumput laut dalam adonan dawet yang menghasilkan tekstur,aroma, dan rasa dawet yang disukai. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara pembuatan bubur rumputlaut dan adonan dawet. Perlakuan digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbandinganrumput laut dan adonan agar mendapatkan dawet rumput laut yang paling disukai oleh panelis.Perlakuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan perbandingan antara buburrumput laut dan adonan dawet antara lain, P1 (0%): adonan dawet 500 gram, P2 (50%): adonandawet 500 gram dan bubur rumput laut 250 gram, P3 (70%): adonan dawet 500 gram dan buburrumput laut 350 gram, dan P4 (90%):adonan dawet 500 gram dan bubur rumput laut 450 gram.Selanjutnya masing-masing perlakuan dimasak hingga matang dan menjadi adonan dawet rumputlaut yang siap untuk dicetak. Adonan dicetak dalam keadaan panas menggunakan cetakan dawetdiatas air matang yang sudah diberi es.Produk akhir yang dihasilkan selanjutnya diuji organoleptikuntuk mengetahui kesukaan panelis terhadap tekstur, aroma, dan rasa dawet yang dihasilkan. Hasiluji organoleptik selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif dan analisis sidik ragam (Anova). Hasil analisiskesukaan panelis terhadap tekstur, aroma, dan rasa serta dawet rumput rumput laut secarakeseluruhan menunjukkan dawet rumput laut terbaik adalah P3 (70%). Hasil analisis sidik ragam(Anova) menunjukkan tidak ada beda yang nyata penambahan rumput laut terhadap tekstur, aroma,dan rasa dawet yang dihasilkan antara masing-masing perlakuan P1, P2, P3, dan P4.Kata kunci: dawet, Eucheuma cottoni, organoleptik, rumput laut
SPECIFIC TYPES OF RELATED PARTIES AND TRANSACTIONS WITH THEM IN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ON AUDITING 550: IMPACT ON THE ASSESSMENT OF RISK OF MATERIAL MISSTATEMENT AND ESTABLISHING THE ENTITY’S ACCOUNTING POLICY
Authors: Shalimova Nataliia , Klymenko Yana
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the study is to identify the impact of specific types of related parties, which are allocated in International Standards on Auditing 550 “Related Parties”, not only on the organization of the audit of financial statements in the context of assessing the risk of material misstatement, but also on the organization of accounting in enterprises. To achieve the goal set in the work, a complex of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction) and methodical techniques (systematization, generalization, review, comparison) based on the provisions of International Standards of Auditing was used. In the study of the essence of related parties transactions and elaboration their classification method of system analysis, logical method, and method of modeling were used. There are three major tasks within the overall responsibility of the auditor while fulfilling such engagement as audit of the financial statements have been determined. It is substantiated that two different phrases (“has a responsibility to perform audit procedures” and “needs to obtain an understanding”) which are used in International Standards on Auditing 550 “Related Parties” requires a separate approach to formation a set of optimal audit procedures. Specific types of related parties based on the International Standards 550 “Related Services” that should be considered when performing audit of financial statements has been identified. Classification of related parties transactions according to their riskiness and connection with the normal course of business into four different types has been elaborated. Two groups of inquiries concerning related parties transactions have been analyzed. It has been proved that making inquiries the auditor should provide as much information as possible in order to avoid misunderstandings, which may lead to difficulties in forming an opinion. It is noted that determining the characteristics of the dominant influence and significant transactions will allow effective communication and cooperation between auditors, management staff and those responsible for governance in formation inquires and answers for them. Using proposed classification in the process of audit of financial statements and in developing regulatory documents for accounting at the entity will allow appropriate assessing of risk of material misstatement and increasing the effectiveness of internal control at the entity. It has been substantiated that the objectives of accounting policy not only in terms of meeting the interests of the company as an entity that prepares financial statements and interacts with related parties, but also in terms of meeting the interests of the entity as a responsible party, interacting with the auditor, that seeks to establish an internal control system that will ensure reducing its own risks.