bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Queensland smoking care in adult acute mental health inpatient units: Supporting practice change
Authors: Plever Sally , McCarthy Irene , Anzolin Melissa , Emmerson Brett , Allan John , Hay Karen
Published: May 2020

Objective:

To review a clinical practice improvement approach to statewide implementation of smoking care in adult acute mental health inpatient units across public mental health services in Queensland.

Method:

Queensland public mental health services, with adult acute inpatient units, joined a statewide collaborative to work together to increase the routine screening of smoking and delivery of a Smoking Cessation Clinical Pathway brief intervention to identified smokers.

Results:

Over a 2-year period, statewide improvements were demonstrated in the recording of smoking status (88–97%) and in the provision of a brief smoking cessation intervention to smokers (38–73%). In addition, all individual mental health services increased the delivery of a brief intervention to identified smokers and the recording of smoking status either improved or remained at high levels.

Conclusion:

Smoking remains an ongoing challenge for mental health services and one of the most important physical health issues for people living with a mental illness. The ability to implement statewide smoking care in public mental health services is an important step in shifting poor health outcomes. The clinical practice change approach adopted in Queensland has demonstrated encouraging outcomes in improving the delivery of smoking care that has been sustained over a 2-year period.
Comparative consultation: The theory and practice of ‘sharing lessons’ between peace processes
Authors: Mitchell David
Published: May 2020

Exchanges of expertise and experience between personnel involved in different peace processes are now a common feature of peacemaking worldwide. However, the goals, methods and impact of such interactions have been subject to little research. This article is the first scholarly analysis of what is here called ‘comparative consultation’. The article begins by conceptualising this work as a unique form of Track Two unofficial diplomacy, sharing the practical format and theoretical grounding of other Track Two approaches but differing in content. The empirical section is based on semi-structured interviews with 16 practitioners – primarily conflict resolution non-governmental organisation personnel and academics – who have facilitated dialogues on peace process topics (such as negotiation, transitional justice, grassroots peacebuilding) between peace process actors at various levels and from many contexts. It also draws on the author’s participation in a series of comparative consultation events. The findings focus on aspects of the organisation, purpose and potential, and limitations and possible risks of the practice. The conclusion sets out a model of the dimensions and potential impacts of comparative consultation and argues for its recognition as a distinct peace methodology. Avenues for further research and practice are outlined.
Agroecology, Information and Communications Technology, and Smallholders’ Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Wei Cheng
Published: May 2020

As a bottom-up, grassroots paradigm for sustainable rural development, agroecology is particularly promising for smallholders in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. However, by adopting agroecology, smallholders will be challenged to take on new perspectives and compile and integrate different sourced information to innovate. Today’s fast evolving information and communications technology in sub-Saharan Africa represents great opportunities for rural populations to enhance the adoption and success of agroecology and to address their daunting challenges simultaneously while conserving, protecting and enhancing natural resources. Agroecology combined with information and communications technology will probably be smallholders’ “precision agriculture” in many developing countries to enhance their food security and livelihood.
Book review: Ankur Bisen, Wasted: The Messy Story of Sanitation in India, a Manifesto for Change
Authors: Kazim Rafia
Published: May 2020

Ankur Bisen, Wasted: The Messy Story of Sanitation in India, a Manifesto for Change. New Delhi: Macmillan, 2019, 573 pp., ₹699 (hardbound). ISBN: 978-93-89109-03-0.
Synthesis of nano-zinc oxide with different morphologies and its application on fabrics for UV protection and microbe-resistant defense clothing
Authors: Mousa MA , Khairy M
Published: May 2020

A liquid precipitation method was used to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles in three diverse media: water, methanol, and ethylene glycol. The studied materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction patterns showed a hexagonal Wurtzite structure of zinc oxide with a nanocrystalline size. Acquired powders showed different morphologies (rod, star, and spherical structures), which were affected by the nature of the solvent in the reaction. The different zinc oxide powders have varied optical band gaps. Scanning electron microscopy examinations confirmed the arrangement of nano-zinc oxide on the surfaces of the materials. The zinc oxide-covering procedure was carried out on cotton, polyester, and 50/50 wt% polyester/cotton blended fabrics using a simple dip and curing system. The cotton fabric treated with nanorod zinc oxide exhibited the highest ultraviolet protection factor with a value of 247.2. The antimicrobial properties of untreated and treated fabrics with nano-zinc oxide were measured against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and diploid fungus (Candida albicans). The results showed the antimicrobial action relies on the morphological structure and the particle size of zinc oxide and that it increases with a reduced particle size. The cotton fabric treated with 26 nm nonspherical zinc oxide particles showed the highest antimicrobial efficiency with values of 91.4%, 86.8%, and 84.7% for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, respectively. The mechanical properties of treated fabrics were studied. The results confirm that nano-zinc oxide is highly useful for improving the performance of defense textile products because of its biocompatibility, environmental friendliness, and nontoxicity.
Low vision evaluation training in Nigeria: Time to improve human resource in developing countries
Authors: Adio Adedayo , Bekibele Charles , Lewerenz David , Lawrence Linda
Published: May 2020

Routine low vision care is a rarity in Nigeria and in most developing countries. The reason for the widespread apathy and lack of human resource development in this area is myriad. The Center for Vision, The Lens Rehabilitation Center for the Blind located in Portharcourt, Nigeria sought to correct this by working to revive interest and thus improve human resource available through provision of quality hands on training with world renowned scholars and faculty . Records of all who registered for two separate Low vision training courses at TLEC re(Hab) Nigeria between 2018 and 2019 were audited. Number of courses taught, participating faculty, gender and age distribution of trainees, previous training accessed by trainees, pretest scores and post test scores were compared. Numbers actually practicing low vision after 3 months of conclusion of the training and outcome of feedback questionnaires were also evaluated using a simple calculator. Fifty eyecare workers (42 in one day training and 8 over 2 weeks) with mean age of 33.6years and gender ratio of 1:2.3 were trained in two batches. There were 26 faculty available to teach both online and physically. Previous exposure to training was absent in the one day group while the two week group had just one. The courses taught were mainly on low vision evaluation(50% in the one day , 44.29% in the 2 week course) with additional courses on early intervention, rehabilitation of the blind and evaluation in special kids with additional problems. The hands on sessions were significantly better in the two week training with a third of the periods available dedicated to stepwise approach in low vision evaluation.

A comparison of pretest and post test scores showed there was an exponential improvement in understanding between the one day and the two week training of up to 50 % increase which reflected in the numbers able to refer appropriately and evaluate low vision patients in the country when the one day and 2 week groups were compared. There was a general consensus that the two week training was more preferred. Empowerment with relevant low vision charts and device equipment significantly improved the numbers still practicing 3 months after training ended when compared with those who were not given any by as much as 400%. In conclusion, low vision needs dedicated and well trained staff who compulsorily need to be empowered to function with provision of required equipment especially in developing countries where the majority of the need for low vision aids and assistive devices appear to be.
What is חֶ֫סֶד‎? A frame-semantic approach
Authors: Ziegert Carsten
Published: May 2020

This article presents a new investigation of חסד‎, a much-discussed Biblical Hebrew lexeme. A short history of research reveals that the most influential studies of חסד‎ lack a sound linguistic methodology. Cognitive linguistics, particularly frame semantics, provides a methodology that deliberately takes cultural and social knowledge into account. The meaning of חסד‎ turns out to be an action or an event rather than an attitude. It can be described as ‘an action performed by one person for the benefit of another to avert some danger or critical impairment from the beneficiary’. This definition is then applied to some difficult passages which contain the lexeme חסד‎ including Hos. 6.6 and Isa. 40.6 and arguably produces better readings.
Bisexual Women’s Experiences of Stigma and Verbal Sexual Coercion: The Roles of Internalized Heterosexism and Outness
Authors: Salim Selime R. , McConnell A. Alex , Messman-Moore Terri L.
Published: May 2020

In the current study, we examined how bisexual women’s unique experiences of sexual identity stigma might elevate their risk for verbal sexual coercion. Online survey data were collected from 350 self-identified bisexual women. Hayes PROCESS macro was used to test moderated-mediation and mediation analyses. Results indicated that anti-bisexual experiences (from both heterosexual and lesbian/gay individuals) were associated with greater internalized heterosexism (i.e., internalization of negative societal attitudes and stereotypes about one’s minority sexual orientation), which in turn was associated with increased odds of experiencing verbal sexual coercion. We did not find moderating effects of outness, such that internalized heterosexism mediated the relation between anti-bisexual experiences and verbal sexual coercion regardless of bisexual women’s levels of outness. Findings suggest that anti-bisexual experiences and internalized heterosexism are associated with bisexual women’s elevated risk for experiencing verbal sexual coercion. There is a need for targeted sexual violence prevention and risk reduction efforts that take into account the unique experiences and vulnerabilities of bisexual women in victimization risk. Results also highlight the need for campaigns that reduce sexual orientation-related stigma at the population level in order to prevent negative health outcomes among bisexual women.
Petrochemical waste characterization and management at Pars Special Economic Energy Zone in the south of Iran
Authors: Ghazizade Mahdi Jalili , Koulivand Habib , Safari Edwin , Heidari Leila
Published: May 2020

Industrial waste management generated by different petrochemical complexes at Pars Special Economic Energy Zone, located in the south of Iran, was investigated. All 10 active petrochemical complexes were visited and generated wastes were identified by a checklist. Petrochemical plants were classified regarding feeds, process, and products and nine representative wastes were sampled. Physicochemical characteristics were analyzed and appropriate management approaches were proposed according to the literature review and the results of waste characterization. The generated wastes were classified as hazardous and non-hazardous according to the Basel Convention and Environmental Protection Agency lists of waste classification. Also, the concentrations of organic compounds and heavy metals were measured to classify wastes characteristically. Comparing concentrations of the most important heavy metals in sampled wastes illustrated that sandblast with Cu concentration of 4295 mg kg–1, spent activated carbon with Hg concentration of 127 mg kg–1, and spent catalyst with 25% Ni content can be categorized as hazardous wastes, due to the exceeding Total Threshold Limit Concentration levels. Based on laboratory results, all industrial waste generated in the petrochemical complexes were categorized into three groups, namely Organic Waste with High Calorific Value, Non-organic Recyclable Waste, and Non-organic Non-recyclable Waste. Finally, management approaches, including material recycling, energy recovery (through incineration), and landfilling, were proposed and a conceptual model was suggested in order to show different routes and final destination for each kind of waste generated in all similar petrochemical complexes.
Variable monsoons and human adaptations: Archaeological and palaeoenvironmental records during the last 1400 years in north-western India
Authors: Pokharia Anil K , Kharakwal Jeewan Singh , Sharma Shalini , Spate Michael , Tripathi Deepika , Dimri Ashok Priyadarshan , Liu Xinyi , Thakur Biswajeet , Basumatary Sadhan Kumar , Srivastava Alka , Mahar Kamalesh S , Singh Krishna Pal
Published: May 2020

We present the first systematic evaluation of the relationship between the archaeological and palaeoclimatic record from north-western India during the past millennium, from the urban site of Chandravati. The rarity of Medieval sites, systematic excavations and multi-disciplinary work in the subcontinent obscure the impact of two distinct climate anomalies − the ‘Medieval Warm Period’ (‘MWP’, 740 − 1150 CE), followed by the ‘Little Ice Age’ (‘LIA’, 1350 − 1850 CE). The finds from the archaeological site indicate the presence of winter and summer crops, suggesting the region was likely warm and mild humid during pre-Medieval period (ca. 600 − 800 CE). During Medieval times (between ca. 800 − 1300 CE), a diversification of the crop assemblage suggests that the region was under a warm and humid climate, corresponding to the ‘MWP’, driving increased monsoon precipitation. During the post-Medieval period (ca. 1350 − 1800 CE), drought-resistant millets and other summer pulse crops indicate the region probably experienced weak SW monsoon precipitation coinciding with globally recognised ‘LIA’. These interpretations are supported through phytolith data from the archaeological deposit broadly indicating two phases, the first being a period of diversified agricultural/anthropogenic activity (ca. 600 − 1350 CE), followed by a period dominated by drought-resistant crops (ca. 1350 − 1800 CE). Pollen data from a proximal lake corroborate the warm and humid phase ca. 800 − 1400 CE, with strong representation of warm−humid favouring tropical forest taxa, followed by non-arboreal indicators of a drier more open landscape ca. 1500 − 1800 CE. These environmental changes may have combined with other historic and institutional factors that led to the ultimate abandonment of the city. These changing cropping patterns, vegetation and cultural developments provide insight into past human response to climate change as well as important lessons for modern societies in exploring sustainable agricultural strategies to future climate change.
Foraging in Mind
Authors: Todd Peter M. , Hills Thomas T.
Published: May 2020

People and other animals can search for information inside their heads. Where does this ability come from, and what does it enable cognitive systems to do? In this article, we address the behavioral and cognitive similarities between search in external environments and internal environments (e.g., memory). These require both maplike representations and the means to navigate them, and the latter involves modulation between exploitation and exploration analogous to a foraging process called area-restricted search. These findings have implications for understanding a number of cognitive abilities commonly considered to be hallmarks of the human species, such as well-developed executive control and goal-directed cognition, autonoetic consciousness (i.e., self-awareness), deliberation, and free will. Moreover, this research extends our conception of what organisms may share these abilities and how they evolved.
Non-specific effects of acupuncture and sham acupuncture in clinical trials from the patient’s perspective: a systematic review of qualitative evidence
Authors: Ho Robin ST , Wong Charlene HL , Wu Justin CY , Wong Samuel YS , Chung Vincent CH
Published: May 2020

Background

Previous clinical trials have demonstrated that both acupuncture and sham acupuncture exert significant, non-specific effects on treatment outcomes when compared to no-treatment controls. A recently developed framework (mechanisms in orthodox and complementary and alternative medicine—MOCAM) suggests that the non-specific effects of acupuncture originate from multiple domains (e.g. patient characteristics, acupuncturist skill/technique, the patient–acupuncturist relationship, and the acupuncture environment). However, it remains to be determined precisely how these domains influence the non-specific effects of treatment among patients receiving acupuncture and sham acupuncture in clinical trials. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to synthesize existing qualitative evidence on how trial participants randomized to acupuncture and sham acupuncture groups experience non-specific effects, regardless of the types of medical condition investigated.

Methods

This systematic review included primary qualitative studies embedded in randomized controlled trials designed to investigate acupuncture or sham acupuncture interventions. Eligible studies published in English were derived from a search of five international databases. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. Using a framework synthesis approach, the identified MOCAM framework was adapted based on the synthesis of the available qualitative evidence.

Results

A total of 20 studies of high methodological quality were included. Our proposed model indicated that the effects of acupuncture may be increased by maintaining a professional status, applying a holistic treatment approach, practicing empathy, and providing patients with an appropriate explanation of the theory behind acupuncture and sham acupuncture. From the patient’s perspective, the efficacy of treatment can be increased by following the lifestyle modification advice provided by acupuncturists, maintaining a positive attitude toward treatment efficacy, actively engaging with acupuncturists during consultation, and making behavioral changes based on experience gained during the trial.

Conclusion

The results of this study may provide a basis for improving and standardizing key components of non-specific effects in acupuncture treatment, and for improving the isolation of specific effects in future clinical trials involving acupuncture and sham acupuncture.
Interaction between siloxane-hydrogel contact lenses and eye cosmetics: Aluminum as a marker of adsorbed mascara deposits
Authors: Zeri Fabrizio , Borghesi Alessandro , Acciarri Maurizio , Tavazzi Silvia
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the study was to investigate the presence of mascara deposits on polymeric siloxane-hydrogel contact lenses (CLs) after in vivo 8 h of wear and to compare the affinity to mascara of two siloxane-hydrogels through in vitro contamination tests. The siloxane-hydrogel CLs were the Filcon V monthly replacement OPEN30 and the Delefilcon A daily disposable DAILIES TOTAL1 showing a water gradient from the core to the outermost hydrophilic surface layer. The investigated cosmetic was a blue mascara. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were carried out on new CLs, CLs exposed in vitro to mascara, and CLs worn for 8 h by mascara wearers (after rinsing the CLs in sodium chloride solution). Images by an optical microscope were acquired and processed on new CLs and CLs treated in vitro. EDX analyses on mascara allowed to characterize its elemental composition including aluminum (Al), which is neither a tear nor a CL component, thus being a marker of the presence of mascara deposits on polymeric siloxane-hydrogels. Adsorbed deposits containing Al were observed by SEM/EDX on all worn CLs of both materials, which showed a special affinity for the mascara components, more marked than for the tear components. By processing the images taken by optical microscopy after in vitro tests, the presence of mascara deposits was found to be more than two times higher in Delefilcon A compared to Filcon V CLs.
Elements of assisted bodily care: Ethical aspects
Authors: Holmberg Bodil , Hellström Ingrid , Österlind Jane
Published: May 2020

Background:

Many frail older persons who die in Swedish nursing homes need assisted bodily care. They must surrender their bodies to the authority of assistant nurses, which may affect their autonomy and dignity of identity. While assistant nurses claim to support older persons’ wishes, older persons claim they have to adapt to assistant nurses' routines. The provider–receiver incongruence revealed here warrants investigation.

Aim:

To describe the elements of assisted bodily care, as performed in a nursing home.

Research design:

Data were collected through thirty-nine observations of assisted bodily care, analyzed with qualitative content analysis.

Participants and research context:

Seventeen older persons and twenty-two assistant nurses from a Swedish nursing home.

Ethical considerations:

The research was conducted in line with the Declaration of Helsinki, further approved by the regional ethics committee.

Findings:

Findings show that assisted bodily care consists of assistant nurses’ practical work, performed at a high tempo. Assistant nurses still attempt to adapt this work to the older persons’ wishes for self-determination, taking into account their day-to-day state of health. In spite of time pressure and occasional interruptions, there is room for consideration and affection in assisted bodily care.

Discussion:

Assistant nurses try to promote older persons’ dignity of identity, but sometimes fail, possibly due to lack of time. They nevertheless seem to know the older persons well enough to adapt the assisted bodily care according to their preferences and to support self-determination. This indicates that openness to older persons’ lifeworlds may be more important than the amount of time available.

Conclusion:

Nursing home contexts might benefit from adopting a person-centered palliative care perspective, highlighting the value of relationships and shared decision-making. If so, older persons and assisted nurses could agree on practices and goals in assisted bodily care beforehand. Such routines may be time-saving and beneficial to all.
A Study of Black–Scholes Model’s Applicability in Indian Capital Markets
Authors: Srivastava Anubha , Shastri Manjula
Published: May 2020

Derivative trading, started in mid-2000, has become an integral and significant part of Indian stock market. The tremendous increase in trading volume in Indian stock market has reflected into high volatility in the option prices. The pricing of options is very complex aspect of applied finance and has been subject of extensive research. Black–Scholes option model is a scientific pricing model which is applied for determining the fair price for option contracts. This article examines if Black–Scholes option pricing model (BSOPM) is a good indicator of option pricing in Indian context. The literature review highlights that various studies have been conducted on BSOPM in various stock exchange across the world with mixed outcome on its relevance and applicability. This article is an empirical study to test the relevance of BSOPM for which 10 most popular industry’s stock listed on National Stock Exchange have been taken. Then the BSOPM has been applied using volatility and risk-free rate. Furthermore, t-test has been used to test the hypothesis and determine the significant relationship between BS model values and actual model values. This study concludes that BSOPM involves significant degree of mispricing. Hence, this model alone cannot be adopted as an indicator for option pricing. The variation from market price is synchronised with respect to moneyness and time to maturity of the option.
Reassessing Conditions of “Prison” in Jamaica
Authors: Leslie Dacia Latoya
Published: May 2020

Jamaican maximum-security correctional facilities are largely identified by their extremely poor, anachronistic, and inhuman conditions of custody. This overriding identity shelves the positive influence of reforms that have taken place or are currently underway. By drawing on interviews conducted with 55 inmates and nine correctional staff, secondary analyses, and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR, 1966), this article examines the degree to which recommendations from the “Improving Prison Conditions in the Caribbean” Conference have been implemented in the Jamaican context. The results suggest that since the Conference, noticeable steps have been taken by the Jamaican state to improve the quality of the rehabilitation experience against the backdrop of challenges of size and competing priorities. However, such improvements are not necessarily the direct result of the implementation of the Conference recommendations. Despite the improvements evidenced, it is argued that more meaningful reforms are required if more inmates are to be enabled to lead crime-free and productive lives upon release. This article provides contemporary insights into the improved conditions of imprisonment in Jamaica and makes recommendations on how serious offenders in the care of Jamaica’s correctional service can be better enabled to experience effective (not successful) reintegration.
Christopher Seitz and the Priority of the Christ Event
Authors: Boersma Hans
Published: May 2020

While Seitz’s The Elder Testament: Canon, Theology, Trinity shows some sympathy for historical-critical readings of the Old Testament, he rightly insists on a theological starting point: he maintains that the Old Testament itself provides providentially inserted clues that demand a Trinitarian reading, and so he maintains that the Old Testament itself “pressures forth” a Christian reading of the text. We should keep in mind, however, that it is only through the acknowledgement of the ontological priority of the Christ event (and of the church’s identity within the Christ event) that the Spirit enables us to recognize the hidden, deeper meanings of the text.
Feasibility of Plasma-Methylated SFRP2 for Early Detection of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Miao Jin , Liu Yi , Zhao Guodong , Liu Xiaoyu , Ma Yong , Li Hui , Li Shiming , Zhu Yun , Xiong Shangmin , Zheng Minxue , Fei Sujuan
Published: May 2020

Gastric cancer (GC) is fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer and second leading cause of cancer in China. More than 80% of GC are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to low uptake rate of invasive screening method. The performance of methylated SFRP2 test was evaluated in 236 plasma samples, including 92 patients with GC, 16 intestinal metaplasia patients, 26 gastric fundic gland polyp patients, 13 small adenoma patients, 39 hyperplastic polyp patients, and 50 control patients. The sensitivity of plasma methylated SFRP2 was compared to serum CEA, CA72-4, CA19-9, and CA242 results in 79 patients with GC. The sensitivities for detecting GC and gastric intestinal metaplasia by methylated SFRP2 test were 60.9% and 56.3% with a specificity of 86.0%. Methylated SFRP2 test had significantly higher positive detection rate for patients with GC than gastric fundic gland polyp, small adenoma, and hyperplastic polyp patients. In 79 patients with GC, the sensitivities of CEA, CA72-4, CA19-9, and CA242 for detecting GC were 22.8%, 16.5%, 12.7%, and 11.4%. In comparison, the sensitivity of methylated SFRP2 test for detecting GC was 58.2%. Plasma methylated SFRP2 test may become a valuable tool for the noninvasive detection of GC and precursor lesions and showed higher sensitivity than serum tumor markers.
Listening to Customer Kansei for Restaurant Location Evaluation
Authors: Hsiao Yu-Hsiang , Chen Guan-Ting
Published: May 2020

Location plays a major role in outdoor atmospherics, which can provide an opportunity for the restaurant owner to create a strong first impression on consumers. This study investigated customer perspectives regarding the placement of cafés by employing a Kansei engineering–based approach. In this approach, the location-related features that are of concern to customers and Kansei words that are used by customers to express their impressions regarding a café’s outdoor atmospherics were identified through a customer survey and feature fatigue analysis. The associations between the location-related features and café impressions and their effects on customers’ visiting intention were also examined based on the stimulus–organism–response model. This approach achieved a customer Kansei–oriented location evaluation for cafés. The findings provide café proprietors a preliminary guideline for using location-related outdoor atmospherics as a strategy to produce the desired customer Kansei and reactions.
Mapping landscapes of movements: representing Indigenous space signification
Authors: Miranda Correa Melisa
Published: May 2020

This article explores the conceptualisation of intangible heritage through the placement of traditional practices, by providing a method for cultural heritage inventories on Indigenous territories. Landscapes of movements is the theory that allows the analysis of Indigenous cultures and territories in terms of context, inhabitants, heritage, policies, traditions, symbolism, landmarks and roads. The case study is Caspana, a Likan Antai community in the north of Chile, incorporated in the Inca roads. Through interviews over a tenure map built in co-labour with the community in study, it was possible to articulate a space signification in relation to people’s movement as a “ritual territory” and an “ancient territory”, one for the present and for past movement, respectively. This tenure map method becomes a tool for the Indigenous communities, who can now use it as argument for claiming their rights over land.
Clinical Characteristics, Management Strategies, and In-Hospital Outcomes of Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Low Socioeconomic Status Cohort: An Observational Study From Urban India
Authors: Sidhu Navdeep Singh , Rangaiah Sunil Kumar Kondethimmannahally , Ramesh Dwarikaprasad , Veerappa Kumaraswamy , Manjunath Cholenahally Nanjappa
Published: May 2020

Background:

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of mortality in India. There is scarcity of data on demographic profile and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in low socioeconomic status (SES) population of India.

Objectives:

This study was undertaken to determine the clinical presentation, management strategies, and in-hospital outcomes of ACS in low SES population.

Methods:

We conducted 1-year prospective observational cohort study of ACS patients admitted at Employees State Insurance Corporation unit of our tertiary care cardiac center. Clinical parameters, management strategies, and in-hospital outcomes of 621 patients enrolled during the study period from February 2015 to January 2016 were studied.

Results:

Mean age of patients was 56.06 ± 11.29 years. Majority (62%) of the patients had ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), whereas Non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) was seen in 38% of the patients. Median time from symptom onset to hospital admission was 285 min with wide range from 105 to 1765 min. Coronary angiography was performed in 81% of patient population. Single-vessel disease (SVD) was the most common pattern (seen in 43.3%) of coronary artery involvement with left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) being the most frequently involved vessel (62.8%). Pharmaco-invasive approach was the preferred strategy. Overall percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rates were 59.1% (62.1% in STEMI and 54.2% in NSTE-ACS). Overall in-hospital mortality was 3.2%, being significantly higher in STEMI (4.2%) as compared with NSTE-ACS (1.7%).

Conclusions:

With implementation of evidence-based pharmacotherapy and interventions, outcomes comparable with developed countries can be achieved even in low SES populations of developing world.
How actors move from primary agency to institutional agency: A conceptual framework and empirical application
Authors: Maier Florentine , Simsa Ruth
Published: May 2020

This article contributes to the understanding of actors and agency in the theorization of institutional work. We analyse institutional work as a specific kind of social action that involves exercising institutional agency (with an articulate awareness of institutions) as opposed to primary agency (taking institutions for granted). We propose a conceptual framework for combining a view of actors, who have agency and may engage in institutional work, with a view of actors as socially constructed, in line with critical-realist ontology. Applying this framework to the empirical case of the Spanish social movement 15M, we examine how actors moved from having primary agency to having institutional agency and how organization mattered for this process. We find that organizing by experienced organizers, the founding of new organizations and prefigurative organization were of crucial importance for the increase in institutional agency.
Exploring social justice pedagogies in health and physical education through Critical Incident Technique methodology
Authors: Philpot Rod , Smith Wayne , Gerdin Göran , Larsson Lena , Schenker Katarina , Linnér Susanne , Moen Kjersti Mordal , Westlie Knut
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we describe and reflect on the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) methodology used to explore how secondary school health and physical education (HPE) teachers address social justice in their teaching practice. The paper is informed by data generated as part of an ongoing three-year international research project involving eight physical education teacher education (PETE) researchers from three different countries. One of the general aims of the project was to develop teaching strategies to assist HPE teachers to refine and develop their practices so that they may become more inclusive and engaging for all students, thus helping contribute to more equitable educational outcomes. The specific aim of this paper is twofold: to describe the methodological framework of the research project and, secondly, to reflect on the challenges encountered in the research process along with the limitations and further potential of this research approach. We argue that the use of CIT methodology has allowed us to document rich descriptions of examples of teaching for social justice and to identify teacher practices that resonate with critical perspectives, or what we have come to call ‘social justice pedagogies’. We conclude by asserting that our use of CIT methodology in this project serves as a political quest to reaffirm the social justice agenda in HPE practice through providing teachers with examples of social justice pedagogies. It is not an attempt to espouse a one-size-fits-all social justice model for HPE since social justice teaching strategies are enabled and constrained by the contexts in which they are practised.
Biopolitical power and paradoxes in evaluation research with transnational migrant youth
Authors: Rodriguez Sophia , Acree Jeremy
Published: May 2020

In this article, the authors theorize the practice of evaluation as linked to truth-telling and organizing future societies. Drawing on Foucauldian notions of biopolitical governmentality, the authors examine the origins of the field of evaluation, theorize it as a truth-telling practice that aims to control populations and futures, and consider the implications of this for a current evaluation project with transnational newcomer migrant youth in the United States. The authors raise the following questions about evaluation as a social practice: Who/what knowledge is produced in the process? What mechanisms/technologies are deployed to reason, compare, and quantify migrant youth experiences, and at what cost? What are the ethical imperatives underlying this truth-telling process? The article offers a productive critique of current evaluation practices, providing theoretical and methodological implications of this analysis, arguing to expose the politics of governance embedded in evaluation.
From East Harlem to Cape Town: Tupac Shakur’s legacy as a globalised oppositional repertoire
Authors: Dziewanski Dariusz
Published: May 2020

For marginalised people living in Cape Town, South Africa, rapper Tupac Shakur represents a globalised oppositional repertoire that people draw on for strength and esteem. The study focused on 22 purposefully sampled interviews from township communities throughout Cape Town, which were conducted within a broader multi-year research project that focused on street culture and gangs in the city. Perhaps the most obvious narrative emerging from the research was that of male gang members connecting to the defiant masculine aggression often projected through Tupac’s music. But research also found that gang girls can also draw on the oppositional power he embodies as a street soldier, leveraging it in order to push back against their physical and material insecurity through performances of street culture. There are also ways that Tupac, as the globalised ghetto prophet, serves as a cultural resource for those trying to resist the streets and participation in gangs. The continued resonance of his legacy and image among township residents in Cape Town hints at the links they find in common with disenfranchised groups in American ghettos, and the myriad of similarly segregated urban spaces around the world. Many such groups pursue common cultural strategies to counter their shared experiences with disenfranchisement and disempowerment.
Getting respect: How minority boxers build a hybrid masculinity in a French Banlieue
Authors: Oualhaci Akim
Published: May 2020

Based on an ethnographic study using participant observations and interviews in a Thai boxing gym in a marginalized urban area in France, this article explores the modes of masculine socialization of young, minority boxers from the lower classes. The study’s findings demonstrate that while boxers embrace a “marginalized” masculinity, they also increasingly develop a “respectable” form of masculinity. This study illustrates a case in which minority youths from marginalized urban areas build not only one deviant masculinity but also different types of masculinities that become hybrid. This process of gender construction both reinforces and challenges “traditional” masculinity among marginalized social groups.
Creativity is for poets and pop singers, isn’t it? Academic perspectives on creativity in doctoral writing
Authors: Thurlow Steven
Published: May 2020

This paper investigates how eight academic research supervisors working in a Faculty of Arts at a research-intensive Australian university understand the notion of creativity in doctoral writing; both in relation to what it is and where it is found. This question was investigated qualitatively through interviews focusing on reader reception to three, short doctoral texts. A framework of indexicality and orientation ( Lillis, 2008 ) was then used to move beyond the text-level and focus on the contextual influences surrounding the writing as it was exposed to its critical readership. The findings reflect varying levels of awareness and receptivity to the presence of creativity in written doctoral work. The paper also explores the perceived location of creativity in these texts for academic readers; namely, whether it resides in the ideas (i.e., the creative thought/content) or whether it was more textually-based (i.e., the creative expression/form of the idea).
Lifestyle interventions after ablation for atrial fibrillation: a systematic review
Authors: Larsen Rasmus Tolstrup , Gottliebsen Christian Ryholm , Wood Kathryn A , Risom Signe Stelling
Published: May 2020

Background

Risk factors of atrial fibrillation include diabetes, obesity and physical inactivity. Positive effects such as decreased atrial fibrillation burden have been reported for atrial fibrillation patients who have participated in lifestyle changing interventions after atrial fibrillation ablation treatment.

Aim

The aim of this study was to assess the evidence on the benefits and harms of lifestyle and risk factor management interventions in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation.

Method

Our systematic review searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Psychinfo, Web of Science and CENTRAL using key terms related to atrial fibrillation and lifestyle, including interventional trials. The primary outcomes were mortality and serious adverse events. Random effects meta-analyses of outcomes were conducted when appropriate.

Results

Two randomised controlled trials and two non-randomised interventional trials with a total of 498 patients were included. Six primary events were reported for the intervention groups and five events for the control groups (relative risk of 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3 to 3.1, I2 0%, P = 0.537). Effects in favour of the intervention groups were found for atrial fibrillation frequency (0.82 points, 95% CI –1.60 to –0.03, I2 87.3%, P = 0.005), atrial fibrillation duration (–0.76 points, 95% CI –1.64 to 0.12, I2 89.1%, P = 0.002) and body mass index (–5.40 kg/m2, 95% CI 6.22 to –2.57, I2 83.9%, P = 0.013). Risk of bias in the four studies was judged to be low to moderate.

Conclusion

Lifestyle changing interventions seem to have a positive effect on outcomes relevant to patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation, but the included studies were small, interventions were inhomogeneous, and the quality of evidence was low to moderate. More studies are warranted.
Effectiveness of the nurse-led Activate intervention in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease in primary care: a cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Westland Heleen , Schuurmans Marieke J , Bos-Touwen Irene D , de Bruin-van Leersum Marjolein A , Monninkhof Evelyn M , Schröder Carin D , de Vette Daphne A , Trappenburg Jaap CA
Published: May 2020

Background

To understand better the success of self-management interventions and to enable tailoring of such interventions at specific subgroups of patients, the nurse-led Activate intervention is developed targeting one component of self-management (physical activity) in a heterogeneous subgroup (patients at risk of cardiovascular disease) in Dutch primary care.

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Activate intervention and identifying which patient-related characteristics modify the effect.

Methods

A two-armed cluster-randomised controlled trial was conducted comparing the intervention with care as usual. The intervention consisted of four nurse-led behaviour change consultations within a 3-month period. Data were collected at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Primary outcome was the daily amount of moderate to vigorous physical activity at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included sedentary behaviour, self-efficacy for physical activity, patient activation for self-management and health status. Prespecified effect modifiers were age, body mass index, level of education, social support, depression, patient provider relationship and baseline physical activity.

Results

Thirty-one general practices (n = 195 patients) were included (intervention group n = 93; control group n = 102). No significant between-group difference was found for physical activity (mean difference 2.49 minutes; 95% confidence interval -2.1; 7.1; P = 0.28) and secondary outcomes. Patients with low perceived social support (P = 0.01) and patients with a low baseline activity level (P = 0.02) benefitted more from the intervention.

Conclusion

The Activate intervention did not improve patients’ physical activity and secondary outcomes in primary care patients at risk of cardiovascular disease. To understand the results, the intervention fidelity and active components for effective self-management require further investigation.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02725203.
The Institutionalisation of Social Movements: Co-Optation and Democratic Policy-Making
Authors: Lima Valesca
Published: May 2020

Over the past 30 years, urban policy in Brazil has undergone a major transformation, both in terms of regulatory frameworks and the involvement of citizens in the process of policy-making. As an intense process of institutional innovation and mobilisation for decent public services took place, academics started to consider the impact of institutionalisation on the autonomy of social movements. Using empirical evidence from a city in the northeast of Brazil, this article addresses the wider literature on citizen participation and social movements to examine specifically the problem with co-optation. I examine the risks linked to co-optation, risks that can undermine the credibility of social movements as agents of change, and explore the tensions that go beyond the ‘co-optation versus autonomy’ divide, an issue frequently found in the practices of social movements, in their dealings with those in power. In particular, this article explores the learning processes and contentious relationships between mainly institutionally oriented urban movements and local government. This study found that the learning of deliberative skills not only led to changes in the objectives and repertoires of housing movements, but also to the inclusion of new components in their objectives that provide room for creative agency and which, in some cases, might allow them to maintain their autonomy from the state.
Responding to Crossover Youth: A Look Beyond Recidivism Outcomes
Authors: Wright Emily M. , Spohn Ryan , Campagna Michael
Published: May 2020

Crossover youth are involved in both child welfare and juvenile justice systems. The Crossover Youth Practice Model (CYPM) promotes collaboration between these systems to inform decision making between the two agencies and better serve these youth. Yet, few outcome evaluations of the CYPM exist, especially those that assess outcomes beyond recidivism, such as case dispositions, case closure, or placement or living situations. This study examined whether the CYPM ( n = 210) decreased recidivism and increased system/case responses and positive outcomes among youth within 9–18 months after the youth’s initial arrest relative to a comparison group of crossover youth ( n = 425) who were arrested 1 year before the CYPM was implemented. Overall, the findings suggest that the CYPM in the jurisdiction under study dismisses or diverts crossover youth more often, closes delinquency cases more often, and leads to more home placements than was previously done in the jurisdiction, but it does not significantly reduce recidivism.