bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feeding ecology of two filter feeding sharks in the northwestern Pacific Ocean
Authors: YU CHIJU , JOUNG SHOOUJENG , HSU HUAHSUN , LIU KWANGMING , YAMAGUCHI ATSUKO
Published: March 2024

This study examines the feeding information of two filtering shark species, the megamouth shark (Megachasma pelagios) and the whale shark (Rhincodon typus). Specimens were obtained through the mandatory catch and reporting system in Taiwan, providing stomach composition of M. pelagios and tissue samples for two species. A total of 19 stomachs were examined, with five found to be high digested or empty. Analysis of the remaining 14 stomachs revealed that M. pelagios primarily consumes zooplanktonic prey, including krill (Euphausiacea), jellyfish (Medusozoa), shrimp larvae (Dendrobranchiata), squat lobsters (Anomura), and crab larvae (Brachyura), indicating a low trophic level diet. Stable isotope analysis (SIA) of 91 M. pelagios and 90 R. typus specimens inferred distinct feeding strategies and diet compositions between the two species. M. pelagios is characterized as an inactive feeder employing engulfment feeding, whereas R. typus is an active suction-filter feeder capable of preying on small fish, squid, and displaying ontogenetic changes in diet. Both species are believed born in less productive waters and transition to more nutrient-rich habitats as they mature. Ontogenetic dietary shifts were observed in R. typus, attributed to enhanced swimming abilities and specialized gill-rakers facilitating more active suction feeding. Conversely, no significant diet shift during growth was noted in M. pelagios; however, differing stable isotope signatures between male and female specimens suggest sexual segregation. Further research involving individuals of various size classes for both M. pelagios and R. typus is needed to corroborate these findings.
IABHE: Identity and Attribute-based Honey Encryption Algorithm and Deep Learning-based Key Generation for Securing Big Data in Hadoop Framework
Authors: Siyal Reshma , Long Jun
Published: March 2024

Nowadays, Hadoop is considered promising to store and reliably process big data in the cloud computing platform, and it also provides low-cost and flexible services for large amounts of data. However, the possibility of malicious attacks on stored or processed data has increased due to the absence of inherent security mechanisms in Hadoop. In this approach, an Identity and Attribute-Based Honey Encryption Algorithm (IABHE) is developed for the encryption of data to offer security to the big data in the Hadoop framework. Here, the system model of the cloud is considered initially. Then, acquired input big data is applied to the MapReduce framework, where data encryption is performed by IABHE, which incorporates identity and attribute-based encryption with honey encryption. Moreover, a deep learning model, PyramidNet is utilized for the generation of secret keys used in encryption. Moreover, the encrypted data obtained in the mapper phase is aggregated by performing polynomial interpolation in the reducer phase. Finally, encrypted data is securely saved in the cloud. Here, the efficiency of IABHE is evaluated utilizing various performance metrics and it attained better values of encryption time at 17.756sec, decryption time at 8.767sec, and key complexity at 0.368.
A Numerical Study on the effect of Rotating Cylinder as Active Flow Control Device for NACA 23015 Airfoil
Authors: Ishrak Md. Shah , Akhter Syeda Mohsina , Shuvo Md. Adnan Nur Bhuiyan
Published: March 2024

Enhancing aerodynamic efficiency through the use of active and passive flow control methods with airfoils is one of the currently researched areas in the aerospace sector. This paper investigates the lift and drag characteristics of a NACA 23015 airfoil at low-velocity ratios using a rotating cylinder as a flow control device. To conduct this study ANSYS Fluent was utilized for simulation. The analysis involved placing the rotating cylinder at locations along the chord length of both the lower surfaces of the airfoil. Additionally, different cylinder diameters were tested for each scenario to assess performance. This study was carried out at Reynolds number Re = 1.5 x 105 corresponding to free stream velocity 15 m/s at seven Angle of Attack (0°,5°,10°,15°,20°,25° and 30°) The findings revealed that incorporating rotating cylinders can significantly enhance the performance of the airfoil. Moreover, it was noted that placing the cylinder at the lower surface improves the aerodynamic performance more compared to that when placed at the leading edge or upper surface at lower angles of attack.
The value of different machine learning radiomics based on DCE-MRI in predicting axillary lymph node status of breast cancer
Authors: Wang Han , Gong Li
Published: March 2024

Purpose The objective of this research was to investigate the significance of different machine learning models based on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) combined with clinicopathologic and radiological analysis in predicting axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) of primary breast cancer (BC).
Methods The clinical data of 605 patients with BC underwent preoperative DCE-MRI examination from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) publicly available dataset were retrospectively analyzed and casually seperated into training and test cohort at a ratio of 8:2. After dimensionality reduction and selection, a prediction model was established using machine learning algorithms. Clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify variables for constructing clinical models. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis was used to screen out the best radiomics and clinical models, and a combined model was established. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the clinical significance of the combined model.
Results The combined model exhibited superior diagnostic predictive capability in determining the presence or absence of ALNM. The training and test cohorts yielded area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.890 and 0.854, respectively.Additionally, a distinct combined model was developed to distinguish between the N1 group (1-3 ALNM) and the N2-3 group (≥4 ALNM), demonstrating promising efficacy with AUC values of 0.973 and 0.835 in the training and test groups, respectively. Furthermore, the integrated model discriminated between N0, N1, and N2-3, yielding a micro AUC of 0.861 and a macro AUC of 0.812.
Conclusion The integration of radiomics and clinicopathologic characteristics demonstrated outstanding predictive capability for ALNM, potentially offering a non-invasive and effective approach for clinical decision-making.
Cascading fault prevention strategy based on economic dispatch of AC-DC systems
Authors: DENG Huiqiong , XIE Pan , HUANG Hongyu , SHEN Junfu , PAN Dengwei
Published: March 2024

To achieve effective prevention of cascading faults in the economic dispatch of AC and DC systems, this paper proposes a preventive control strategy considering both safety and economy, and constructs a bi-level nonlinear optimization model. Initially, a mathematical criterion for discriminating cascading tripping is formulated based on the action characteristics of relay protection. Subsequently, a static safety margin index, using unit active output as the control variable, is established to measure the safety level of the AC/DC system. Then, an economic index is derived by integrating network loss, unit power supply cost, and environmental management cost. The inner-layer model aims to solve the static safety margin, while the outer-layer model utilizes the safety margin solved by the inner layer as a constraint to minimize the comprehensive cost of the grid.Furthermore, a two-layer particle swarm algorithm is proposed to solve the bi-level preventive control model. Additionally, a Jacobi matrix preprocessing method combined with sparse storage technology is employed to enhance computational efficiency during the power flow calculation process. Comparative analysis with other algorithms is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Finally, the proposed algorithm and model are simulated and analyzed using the improved IEEE39 node system to verify the feasibility of the proposed strategy.
Integrated machine learning reveals the role of tryptophan metabolism in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its association with patient prognosis
Authors: Li Fan , Hu Haiyi , Xu Zhehao , Ding Lifeng , Lu Zeyi , Mao Xudong , Wang Ruyue , Luo Wenqin , Lin Yudong , Li Yang , Chen Xianjiong , Zhu Ziwei , Lu Yi , Zhou Chenghao , Wang Mingchao , Xia Liqun , Li Gonghui , Gao Lei
Published: March 2024

Background
The application of precision oncology in clinical settings is currently constrained by limitations in tools for granular patient stratification and personalized treatment approaches. Dysregulated tryptophan metabolism has been identified as a key player in tumor development, including immune suppression, proliferation, metastasis, and metabolic reprogramming. Nonetheless, its exact function in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is yet to be fully understood, and there is a notable absence of predictive models or signatures derived from it.
Methods
The role of tryptophan metabolism on tumor cells was investigated using single-cell RNA sequencing data. Genes associated with tryptophan metabolism were identified across both single-cell and bulk cell dimensions through the application of weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and its single cell data variant (hdWGCNA). A signature related to tryptophan metabolism was subsequently developed utilizing an integrated machine learning approach. This signature was examined in multi-omics data for its associations with patient clinical features, prognosis, cancer malignancy-related pathways, immune microenvironment, genomic characteristics, and responses to immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Finally, genes within the signature were validated through experiments including qRT-PCR, Western blot, CCK8 assay, and transwell assay.
Results
The dysregulated tryptophan metabolism was identified as a potential contributor to the malignant transformation of normal epithelial cells. The tryptophan metabolism-related signature (TMRS) exhibited strong predictive ability for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in multiple datasets. Furthermore, elevated TMRS risk score was associated with increased tumor malignancy, significant metabolic reprogramming, an inflamed yet dysfunctional immune microenvironment, greater genomic instability, resistance to immunotherapy, and heightened sensitivity to specific targeted therapeutics. Experimental validation demonstrated differential expression of genes within the signature between RCC and adjacent normal tissues, with decreased expression of the gene DDAH1 linked to increased proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells.
Conclusion
This study explored the influence of abnormal tryptophan metabolism on clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and constructed a signature related to tryptophan metabolism that can accurately predict patient prognosis, evaluate tumor biological status, and guide patient personalized treatment, which is conducive to enabling more patients to benefit from precision oncology.
Evaluation of mortality among Marines, Navy personnel, and civilian workers exposed to contaminated drinking water at USMC Base Camp Lejeune: a cohort study
Authors: Bove Frank J.
Published: March 2024

Background
Drinking water at U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina was contaminated with trichloroethylene and other industrial solvents from 1953 to 1985.
Methods
A cohort mortality study was conducted of Marines/Navy personnel who, between 1975 and 1985, began service and were stationed at Camp Lejeune (N = 159,128) or Camp Pendleton, California (N = 168,406), and civilian workers employed at Camp Lejeune (N = 7,332) or Camp Pendleton (N = 6,677) between October 1972 and December 1985. Camp Pendleton’s drinking water was not known to be contaminated between 1972 and December 1985. Mortality follow-up was between 1979 and 2018. Survival analyses were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) comparing mortality rates between Camp Lejeune and Camp Pendleton cohorts and assess the effects of duration at Camp Lejeune. The ratio of upper and lower 95% confidence interval (CI) limits, or CIR, was used to evaluate the precision of effect estimates. The study focused on underlying causes of death with HRs ≥ 1.20 and CIRs ≤ 3. Results from contributing causes were also presented.
Results
Deaths among Camp Lejeune and Camp Pendleton Marines/Navy personnel totaled 19,250 and 21,134, respectively. Deaths among Camp Lejeune and Camp Pendleton civilian workers totaled 3,055 and 3,280, respectively. Compared to Camp Pendleton Marines/Navy personnel, Camp Lejeune had adjusted HRs ≥ 1.20 with CIRs ≤ 3 for cancers of the kidney (HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.54), esophagus (HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.54) and female breast (HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.73, 1.98). Causes of death with HRs ≥ 1.20 and CIR > 3, included Parkinson disease, myelodysplastic syndrome and cancers of the testes, cervix and ovary. Compared to Camp Pendleton workers, Camp Lejeune had adjusted HRs ≥ 1.20 with CIRs ≤ 3 for chronic kidney disease (HR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.13, 3.11) and Parkinson disease (HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.72, 2.04). Female breast cancer had an adjusted HR of 1.19 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.88). Sensitivity analyses indicated that confounding bias due to unmeasured risk factors (e.g., smoking) is unlikely to significantly impact the findings.
Conclusion
Marines/Navy personnel and civilian workers likely exposed to contaminated drinking water at Camp Lejeune had increased hazard ratios for several causes of death compared to Camp Pendleton.
A National Study Exploring the Association Between Fasting Duration and Mortality Among the Elderly
Authors: Zhang Zhixuan , Zhao Hang , Jiang Meng , Pu Jun
Published: March 2024

Background
Benefits from weight management have been widely accepted, and prolonged fasting duration has become a common method for weight control. The suitability of prolonged fasting duration for elderly individuals remains controversial. This study aims to examine the correlation between fasting duration and mortality within a nationally representative cohort of elderly individuals in the United States.
Methods
Data were extracted from a prospective cohort study conducted within the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2018. Individuals over 60 with complete data on dietary intake and mortality follow-up information were included. Fasting duration was assessed using two 24-hour dietary recalls. All participants were categorized into fasting duration quantiles. Mortality outcomes were ascertained through the National Death Index. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were utilized to analyze the association between fasting duration and mortality.
Results
The final analysis included a total of 9,826 elderly participants (mean age 70.03, 49.33% male), with 2408 deaths observed during a median follow-up of 6.82 years. Following adjustments for covariates, the longest fasting duration (> 12.5 hours) exhibited heightened cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (Hazard Ratios [HR], 1.30; 95% CI, 1.01–1.66) and mortality from other causes (HR, 1.52, 95% CI, 1.07–2.16) compared to those with the shortest fasting duration (< 10 hours). Notably, the CVD mortality was significantly increased in males and in individuals aged 60–69 with a fasting duration exceeding 12.5 hours (HR, 1.49 and 2.87; 95% CI, 1.00-2.20 and 1.32–6.23, respectively). A non-linear relationship was observed between fasting duration and all-cause mortality (P = 0.03), with a fasting duration of 11.89 hours linked to the lowest mortality.
Conclusions
Prolonged fasting periods are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and mortality from other causes. Fasting duration of 11.89 hours is associated with the lowest mortality rate. Caution should be exercised by clinicians when recommending time-restricted feeding for the elderly. Further research through randomized controlled trials should be conducted to comprehensively investigate the impact of TRF on mortality.
Study of the stampability of AISI 441 steel under different initial conditions
Authors: Neto Mozart Mesquita da Costa , Silva Gilmar Cordeiro , Matějka Michal , Corrêa Elaine Carballo Siqueira , Lopes Wellington
Published: March 2024

The deep drawing process in metallic materials has several limitations, such as a stamped depth, the occurrence of wrinkles, the fracture of the sheet before total deformation and the generations of solids with variations in wall thickness. Considering these variables, this work studies the formability of AISI 441 stainless steel under different initial conditions, namely, as-received and rolled to investigate the effect of these variables on the formability of this ferritic stainless steel. The mechanical characterization of AISI 441 steel involved tensile, shearing and Vickers microhardness tests followed by cold stamping, using a deep stamping die. The structural investigation was accomplished by optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction techniques. The mechanical behaviour after the stamping process was analyzed by shearing tests on the bottom and wall of the cup and correlated to the deformation limit of the material, and the respective texture characteristics. The shearing test results indicated the effect of the initial condition on the mechanical behaviour after the stamping of AISI 441 steel, which exhibited hardening of the wall and softening at the bottom of the cups. Change in misorientation grain and strengthening of γ-fiber texture component for the rolled condition of AISI 441 steel.
Developing Country External Audit Effectiveness: Ordinary least squares regressions analysis
Authors: Mebratu Agumas Alamirew
Published: March 2024

Countries which are administered in a democratic policy need to be accountable in their use of public money and to provide efficient, effective, and economical service delivery. In order to accomplish those government objectives, pertaining external audit function will be the main instrument for controlling and using of all scarce resources available in the public sectors organization. The main objective of this study was to investigate the determinants of external audit effectiveness in Ethiopia. 476 respondents' self-administered questionnaires and a quantitative methodology were taken into account. The ordinary least squares regressions analysis revealed that the five predictors (independenceof external audit, competency of auditors, audit quality, management supportand information technology used) have positive influence on external audit effectiveness under the study. It is recommended that functions and activities of external auditors shall be free from the interference of the management including and reporting all the critical findings; the external audit staffs need to collectively possess to develop their knowledge and skills through appropriate professional training and development program; leaders provide necessary material support; and the work of external audit should be performed with modern technology such as the using of computerized data tools and specific audit software.
An Analysis of Studentâ€™s Recount Text: An SFL Approach
Authors: Faradina Widya Nur , Emilia Emi
Published: March 2024

This paper reports on the results of a study aiming to investigate the studentâ€™s ability to write recount text of a university student in Bandung. The study was conducted using the theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), especially functional grammar, in terms of the Transitivity, Mood and Modality system. The study used a case study on text analysis. A text, which is a recount text written by a higher achiever university student, was analysed using the Transitivity, Mood and Modality system. In terms of the Transitivity system, the result indicates the writerâ€™s adequate syntactic compression and rich lexico-grammatical patterns. Moreover, in terms of the Mood and Modality system, the text shows the writerâ€™s ability to infuse, temper, negotiate, and constrain the experiential meanings in the Mood that is in focus. Hence, the writer is categorized as a mature and critical writer, and the text is appropriate to be used as a model text. Research on text analysis using SFL of different genres of text and how the teaching of writing should be conducted to help improve studentsâ€™ writing ability is recommended.
Enhancing urban flood resilience: interdisciplinary integration of climate adaptation, flood control, and land-use planning from 3PA to 4PA
Authors: Huang Cheng-Chia , Wang Chen-Ling
Published: March 2024

Flood risk profoundly impacts the world, threatening human life and property safety. Flood control infrastructure is pivotal in mitigating flooding impacts by reducing flood-prone area frequency, extent, and depth of inundation. However, climate change poses uncertainties that challenge the effectiveness of the existing flood prevention measures. In the current situation, effective urban flood management should involve multiple governing authorities, including water resource management and land-use planning units. Integrating local governments and regulatory bodies is crucial but is often overlooked in regulatory frameworks. This article discusses land restrictions and management strategies and presents suitable suggestions for water resource regulations. Then, this study proposes an extension concept from the Three Points Approach (3PA), which identifies technical optimization, spatial planning, and day-to-day value for water management, to the 4PA (Four Point Approach) strategy considering the design for failure concept. This study not only responds well to the future flooding situation under the climate change threats but also presents an adaptation toolkit for urban planning reference. To build resilient cities capable of withstanding climate-induced disasters while sustaining growth, the concept of ‘design for failure’ should be integrated into the urban planning core. This approach aims for sustainable development, emphasizing harmoniously integrating engineering solutions with land-use planning across administrative levels.
Analysis of dry and wet season water quality in the municipality of La Gomera, Guatemala
Authors: Caballero Alejandra , Garcia Margareth , Pérez-Sabino Francisco , Lickes Sergio , Guzmán-Quilo Carolina , Pérez-Folgar Jorge , Johnson Derek , Pouit Silvie , Gomez Diana , Rodriguez Darío , Arroyo Gerardo
Published: March 2024

There is a need for access to clean potable water worldwide. However, almost every source of surface water in Guatemala is contaminated. This study assesses the potential exposure to water contaminants in proximity to Medecins Sans Frontieres's (MSF) chronic kidney disease clinic population in La Gomera, Guatemala during wet and dry seasons. Five municipal wells and four artisanal wells (servicing approximately 18.9% of La Gomera) were selected for their proximity to MSF La Gomera clinic to determine the presence of coliforms, physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, and pesticide residues. Water samples were collected over 3 consecutive days during La Gomera's wet season and again during the dry season. Wet season 2022: Total coliforms and Escherichia coli exceeded the acceptable limits for several artisanal wells but were not detected in municipal wells. Mercury and arsenic were detected in all wells during at least one sampling period. Dry season 2023: Total coliforms exceeded the acceptable limits for all wells and E. coli was detected in all four artisanal wells. Lead and arsenic were detected in all wells. Our results suggest that water from artisanal wells does not meet COGUANOR or WHO microbiological criteria for human consumption.
Impact of PVC microplastics in photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA
Authors: Lima Alessandra Ramos , Sammarro Silva Kamila Jessie , Aguiar Antônio Sérgio Nakao , de Souza Mariana , Lima Thalita Hellen Nunes , Blanco Kate Cristina , Bagnato Vanderlei Salvador , Dias Lucas Danilo
Published: March 2024

Photodynamic processes have found widespread application in therapies. These processes involve photosensitizers (PSs) that, when excited by specific light wavelengths and in the presence of molecular oxygen, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), that target cells leading to inactivation. Photodynamic action has gained notable attention in environmental applications, particularly against pathogens and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) that pose a significant challenge to public health. However, environmental matrices frequently encompass additional contaminants and interferents, including microplastics (MPs), which are pollutants of current concern. Their presence in water and effluents has been extensively documented, highlighting their impact on conventional treatment methods, but this information remains scarce in the context of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) setups. Here, we described the effects of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microparticles in PDI targeting Staphylococcus aureus and its methicillin-resistant strain (MRSA), using curcumin as a PS under blue light. The presence of PVC microparticles does not hinder ROS formation; however, depending on its concentration, it can impact bacterial inactivation. Our results underscore that PDI remains a potent method for reducing bacterial concentrations in water and wastewater containing ARB, even in highly contaminated scenarios with MPs.
NADP+/NADPH in Metabolism and its Relation to Cardiovascular
Pathologies
Authors: Sun Yuanyuan , Wu Dan , Hu Qingxun
Published: March 2024

The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+/NADPH) redox
couple serves as a substrate or cofactor for many enzymes to maintain cellular redox
homeostasis as well as to regulate biosynthetic metabolism. The deficiency or imbalance
of NADP+/NADPH redox couple is strongly associated with cardiovascular-related
pathologies. An imbalance in the NADP+/NADPH ratio can lead to either oxidative or reductive
stress. Reductive stress complicates the cellular redox environment and provides
new insights into the cellular redox state. Newly discovered biosynthetic enzymes and
developed genetically encoded biosensors provide technical support for studying how
cells maintain a compartmentalized NADP(H) pool. NADP(H) plays an important role
in cardiovascular pathologies. However, whether NADP(H) is injurious or protective in
these diseases is uncertain, as either deficiency or excess NADP(H) levels can lead to imbalances
in cellular redox state and metabolic homeostasis, resulting in energy stress, redox
stress, and ultimately disease state. Additional study of the replicative regulatory network
of NADP(H) metabolism in different compartments, and the mechanisms by
which NADP(H) regulates redox state and metabolism under normal and pathological
conditions, will develop the targeted and novel therapies based on NADP(H)
metabolism.
Alterations in Adipocytokine Signaling Pathway and Pyroptosis in
Neonatal Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Ran Min , Yin Li , Guo Yatu , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2024

Aims::

The aims of this study are to discover dysregulated adipocytokine signaling
pathway and pyroptosis-related genes to predict neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
(HIE) occurrence.

Background::

HIE is an important cause of infant death and long-term neurological sequelae.
Current treatment options for HIE are relatively limited and the pathogenesis of
HIE remains to be fully explored. This study investigated the alterations of adipocytokine
signaling pathway and pyroptosis in neonatal HIE.

Objective::

To reveal the alterations of adipocytokine signaling pathway and pyroptosis
relevant to HIE occurrence.

Methods::

Data on neonatal HIE were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus
(GEO) database. Pathway analyses of single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ss-
GSEA) and GSEA were performed on the adipocytokine signaling pathway and pyroptosis.
Proportions of immune cells in a single sample were also calculated by ssGSEA and
CIBERSORT algorithm. The relationship between the adipocytokine signaling pathway
and pyroptosis was analyzed according to Pearson correlation analysis.

Results::

The activities of KEGG pathways changed after the occurrence of HIE, and
adipocytokine signaling pathway was activated with related overexpressed genes. For
the three energy metabolisms, carbohydrate metabolism was enhanced; lipid metabolism
showed increased fatty acids metabolism and decreased ability of fatty acids synthesis;
metabolic levels of phosphate and phenylalanine in amino acid metabolism were elevated.
Enhanced pyroptosis and relevant overexpressed genes were accompanied by increased
immune cells. A positive connection between adipocytokine signaling pathway
and pyroptosis was observed.

Conclusion::

These results indicated that the adipocytokine signaling pathway may promote
HIE occurrence by upregulating the expression of pyroptosis-related genes, providing
a novel mechanism for HIE.
Enhancing the Antiproliferative Activity of Perillyl Alcohol against
Glioblastoma Cell Lines through Synergistic Formulation with Natural Oils
Authors: Alharbi Waleed S. , Alshehri Abdullah A. , Ahmed Tarek A. , Md. Shadab , Almehmady Alshaimaa M. , Alshabibi Manal A. , Altamimi Reem M. , El-Say Khalid M.
Published: March 2024

Background::

Due to its volatility, photostability, and gastrointestinal toxicity, Perillyl Alcohol (POH),
a monoterpenoid component of various plant species, is a chemotherapeutic drug with insufficient efficacy.
Many naturally occurring bioactive compounds have well-known antiproliferative properties, including sefsol,
jojoba, tea tree, and moringa oils.

Objective::

This study sought to develop an oil-based Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS)
using tween 80 as the surfactant and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) or Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 400 as the cosurfactant;
the oils were used in a range of 10-20% to boost POH's anticancer efficacy.

Methods::

The formulations' size, charge, and impact on the viability of glioma cell lines, ANGM-CSS and
A172, were evaluated.

Results::

The developed SNEDDS formulations ranged from 3 nm to 362 nm in size, with electronegative surface
charges between 5.05 and 17.0 mV and polydispersity indices between 0.3 and 1.0.

Conclusion::

The findings indicated that the antiproliferative effect of POH-loaded Nanoemulsion (NE) could
be used as a possible anticancer therapy for glioblastoma in vitro, particularly when paired with the tested natural
oils. Before asserting that this delivery technique is appropriate for glioblastoma therapy, additional in vitro
and in vivo investigations are required.
Design of Nanodrug Delivery Systems for Tumor Bone Metastasis
Authors: Zhai Xiaoqing , Peng Shan , Zhai Chunyuan , Wang Shuai , Xie Meina , Guo Shoudong , Bai Jingkun
Published: March 2024

Tumor metastasis is a complex process that is controlled at the molecular level by numerous
cytokines. Primary breast and prostate tumors most commonly metastasize to bone, and the development of increasingly
accurate targeted nanocarrier systems has become a research focus for more effective anti-bone metastasis
therapy. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of bone metastasis and the principles and
methods for designing bone-targeted nanocarriers and then provides an in-depth review of bone-targeted nanocarriers
for the treatment of bone metastasis in the context of chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, gene therapy,
and combination therapy. Furthermore, this review also discusses the treatment of metastatic and primary
bone tumors, providing directions for the design of nanodelivery systems and future research.
A Serum Pharmacochemistry and Network Pharmacology-based Approach to Study the Anti-depressant Effect of Chaihu-Shugan San
Authors: Deng Man-Fei , Yan Yi-Zhi , Zhu Shan-Shan , Zhou Ke , Tan Si-Jie , Zeng Peng
Published: March 2024

Aims:

The aim of this study is to explore the anti-depressant mechanism of Chaihu-
Shugan San based on serum medicinal chemistry and network pharmacology methods.

Background:

Depression lacks effective treatments, with current anti-depressants ineffective in
40% of patients. Chaihu-Shugan San (CHSGS) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine
compound to treat depression. However, the chemical components and the underlying mechanisms
targeting the liver and brain in the anti-depressant effects of CHSGS need to be elucidated.

Methods:

The chemical components of CHSGS in most current network pharmacology studies
are screened from TCMSP and TCMID databases. In this study, we investigated the mechanism
and material basis of soothing the liver and relieving depression in the treatment of depression
by CHSGS based on serum pharmacochemistry. The anti-depressant mechanism of CHSGS was
further verified by proteomics and high-throughput data.

Results:

Through serum medicinal chemistry, we obtained 9 bioactive substances of CHSGS.
These ingredients have good human oral bioavailability and are non-toxic. Based on liver ChIPseq
data, CHSGS acts on 8 targets specifically localized in the liver, such as FGA, FGB, and
FGG. The main contributors to CHSGS soothing the liver qi targets are hesperetin, nobiletin,
ferulic acid, naringin and albiflorin. In addition, network pharmacology analysis identified 9
blood components of CHSGS that corresponded to 63 anti-depressant targets in the brain.
Among them, nobiletin has the largest number of anti-depressant targets, followed by glycyrrhizic
acid, ferulic acid, albiflorin and hesperetin. We also validated the anti-depressant mechanism
of CHSGS based on hippocampal proteomics. CHSGS exerts anti-depressant effects on
synaptic structure and neuronal function by targeting multiple synapse related proteins.

Conclusion:

This study not only provides a theoretical basis for further expanding the clinical
application of CHSGS, but also provides a series of potential lead compounds for the development
of depression drugs.
Gold Nanoparticle-based Biosensors for Point-of-Care Diagnostics: A Review of Sensing Nanoparticle Applications and Future Prospects
Authors: Chauhan Sakshi , Mittal Roopal , Kumar Manish , Mittal Amit , Kushwah Ajay Singh
Published: March 2024

:

Point of Care Diagnostics (POCD) is quintessential in hospitals and the healthcare
sector as the secants uplift the quality of medical care and the life of a patient by facilitating
quick identification of the underlying pathological condition. Nanotechnology can provide opportunities
and has potential in the development of new-age sensing/diagnostic tools. Owing to
extraordinary features (e.g., higher density, effective catalysis, good conduction, biocompatibility,
inertness, and greater surface-to-volume ratio), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are frequently
employed in POCT (Point-of-Care-Testing).

:

Gold nanoparticles-based colorimetric methods are widely used in the rapid, sensitive, and selective
detection of analytes/target molecules. AuNPs description is critical for their possible utility
in prophylaxis, diagnostics, and treatment of an ailment. AuNPs interact with organic/inorganic
target molecules to generate colorimetric shift that enables the accurate, precise, and subtle
recognition of biologicals (e.g., microorganisms, cellular components, and proteins) and metal
ions.

:

This review focused on the need for AuNPs-based colorimetric application in prophylaxis, diagnostics,
and treatment in healthcare and reviewed the future outlook of these AuNPs for biological
applications. Different synthesis methods of AuNPs, their morphology, and characterization,
including their surface functionalization, will be discussed in detail. AuNPs are very much preferable
nanomaterials owing to exclusive optical, electrical, and photothermal features. AuNPsbased
colorimetric biosensors are simple and possess great utility, yet these offer a robust technique
to enable visual, quantitative analysis.
Mendelian Randomization Highlights Gut Microbiota of Short-chain Fatty
Acids’ Producer as Protective Factor of Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Luo Shihang , Mao Rui , Li Yi
Published: March 2024

Background:

Recent research advancements have indicated a potential association
between gut microbiota and cerebrovascular diseases, although the precise causative pathways
and the directionality of this association remain to be fully elucidated.

Objective:

This study utilized a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) methodology
to explore the causal impact of gut microbiota compositions on the risk of cerebrovascular
disease.

Methods:

Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) data pertaining to gut microbiota were obtained
from the MiBioGen consortium. For Ischemic Stroke (IS), Transient Ischemic Attack
(TIA), Vascular Dementia (VD), and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH), GWAS summary data
were sourced from the FinnGen consortium, the IEU Open GWAS project, and the GWAS catalog,
respectively.

Results:

Our MR analyses identified that specific bacterial strains, notably those involved in the
production of Short-chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs), including Barnesiella, Ruminococcus torques
group, and Coprobacter, serve as protective factors against IS, TIA, and SAH. Linkage Disequilibrium
Score Regression (LDSC) analysis corroborated a significant genetic correlation between
these gut microbiota strains and various forms of cerebrovascular disease. In contrast, reverse
MR analysis failed to establish a bidirectional causal relationship between genetically inferred
gut microbiota profiles and these cerebrovascular conditions.

Conclusion:

This investigation has pinpointed particular strains of gut microbiota that play protective
or detrimental roles in cerebrovascular disease pathogenesis. These findings offer valuable
insights that could be pivotal for the clinical management, prevention, and treatment of cerebrovascular
diseases.
Relationship between Body Composition and Gait Characteristics in
Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Xie Hongyang , Xia Zhenxi , Xia Cuiqiao , Zhang Nan , Ding Yu , Zhao Hongyi , Huang Yonghua
Published: March 2024

Background:

This study aims to explore the correlation between body composition,
encompassing factors such as muscle mass and fat distribution, and gait performance during both
single-task walking (STW) and dual-task walking (DTW) in patients diagnosed with cerebral
small vessel disease (CSVD).

Methods:

The data of hospitalized patients diagnosed with CSVD, including cadence, stride
time, velocity and stride length, as well as information on variability, asymmetry and coordination
during both STW and DTW, were assessed. The number of falls reported by each participant
was also assessed.

Results:

A total of 95 CSVD patients were assessed, and the results showed that individuals with
low appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), which includes both the low ASM group and the
combination of low ASM and high body fat (BF) group, had reduced velocity or cadence, shortened
stride length, and prolonged stride time across all walking modalities compared to the control
group. Only the combination of the low ASM and high BF group exhibited a deterioration in
the coefficient of variation (CV) for all basic parameters and the Phase Coordination Index (PCI)
compared to the control group across all walking patterns. Conversely, patients in the high BF
group displayed a decline in basic parameters, primarily during cognitive DTW. Concurrently,
the high BF group showed a significant increase in the CV and the PCI compared to the control
group only during cognitive DTW. Furthermore, regardless of gender, both ASM and BF independently
correlated with the occurrence of falls.

Conclusions:

CSVD patients with varying body compositions could allocate different levels of
attention to their daily walking routines.
The Evaluation of Clinical and Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Parameters of
Primary Lesion in Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Meng Shuang , Chen Lihua , Wang Nan , Liu Yunsong , Liu Ailian
Published: March 2024

Background::

In the realm of cancer studies,the differences among the biological behavior of oligometastatic prostate cancer (OPCa), localized prostate cancer
(LPCa), and widely prostate cancer (WPCa) are still unclear.

Objectives::

The purpose of our study was to assess the clinical and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters of tumor burden in OPCa. In addition, the
correlation between clinical and IVIM parameters and the prostate-specific antigen nadir (PSAN) and time to nadir (TTN) during initial androgen
deprivation therapy (ADT) in OPCa was explored. It was found that the IVIM parameters could effectively differentiate LPCa and WPCa, as well
as LPCa and OPC. Moreover, Gleason score (GS) was positively correlated with PSAN, while prostate volume was positively correlated with
TTN.

Methods::

About 54 patients were included in this retrospective study (mean age=74±7.4 years). ADC, D, D*, and f were acquired according to the
biexponential Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) model. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to test the differences in clinical and IVIM parameters
among the three groups. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the discrimination abilities. The Area Under the
Curve (AUC) was compared using the DeLong test. Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis was performed to assess the correlation between
clinical and IVIM parameters of PSAN and TTN during initial ADT with OPCa.

Results::

There were significant differences among the three groups observed for age, PSA, GS, ADC, D and D* values (P<0.05). Multi-parameter pairwise
comparison results showed that significant differences between LPCa and WPCa were observed for the age, PSA, GS, ADC, D and D* values
(P<0.05). However, D* was different between the LPCa and OPCa groups (P=0.032). GS showed a significant positive correlation with PSAN
(Rho=0.594, P=0.042), and prostate volume showed a significant positive correlation with TTN (Rho=0.777, P=0.003).

Conclusions::

The IVIM parameters can effectively differentiate LPCa and WPCa, as well as LPCa and OPCa. Moreover, there was a certain trend in their
distribution, which could reflect the tumor burden of PCa.
Performance of the Iterative OSEM and HYPER Algorithm for Total-body PET
at SUVmax with a Low 18F-FDG Activity, a Short Acquisition Time and Small
Lesions
Authors: Zan Keyu , Duan Yanhua , Zhao Minjie , Li Hui , Cui Xiao , Chai Leiying , Cheng Zhaoping
Published: March 2024

Objective::

The primary objective of this comparative investigation was to examine the qualitative attributes of image reconstructions utilizing two distinct
algorithms, namely OSEM and HYPER Iterative, in total-body 18F- FDG PET/CT under various acquisition durations and injection activities.

Methods::

An initial assessment was executed using a NEMA phantom to compare image quality engendered by OSEM and HYPER Iterative algorithms.
Parameters such as BV, COV, and CRC were meticulously evaluated. Subsequently, a prospective cohort study was conducted on 50 patients,
employing both reconstruction algorithms. The study was compartmentalized into distinct acquisition time and dosage groups. Lesions were
further categorized into three size-based groups. Quantifiable metrics including SD of noise, SUVmax, SNR, and TBR were computed. Additionally,
the differences in values, namely ΔSUVmax, ΔTBR, %ΔSUVmax, %ΔSD, and %ΔSNR, between OSEM and HYPER Iterative algorithms were also
calculated.

Results::

The HYPER Iterative algorithm showed reduced BV and COV compared to OSEM in the phantom study, with constant acquisition time. In the
clinical study, lesion SUVmax, TBR, and SNR were significantly elevated in images reconstructed using the HYPER Iterative algorithm in
comparison to those generated by OSEM (p < 0.001). Furthermore, an amplified increase in SUVmax was predominantly discernible in lesions with
dimensions less than 10 mm. Metrics such as %ΔSNR and %ΔSD in HYPER Iterative exhibited improvements correlating with reduced
acquisition times and dosages, wherein a more pronounced degree of enhancement was observable in both ΔSUVmax and ΔTBR.

Conclusion::

The HYPER Iterative algorithm significantly improves SUVmax and reduces noise level, with particular efficacy in lesions measuring ≤ 10 mm and
under conditions of abbreviated acquisition times and lower dosages.
Application of a Green Deep Eutectic Solvent for Preconcentration and
Determination of Copper and Cadmium in Food, Cosmetic, and Water
Samples
Authors: Haghgoo Qezelje Hamidreza , Rajabi Maryam , Parsa Erfan , Ghanbari Adivi Sayeh , Shahi Mehrnaz , Asghari Alireza , Bazregar Mohammad , Hosseini-Bandegharaei Ahmad
Published: March 2024

Background::

Determination of environmental pollutants is important due to their harmful
effects on the health of living organisms. However, direct measurement of many of these pollutants
is not possible due to their low concentrations, which necessitates the need for sample preparation
methods. One of the rapid and simple sample preparation methods is the Air-Agitated Liquid-Liquid
Microextraction (AALLME) method, which requires toxic organic solvents that can lead to environmental
pollution. Therefore, finding green solvents like Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) to replace
them can be investigated.

Methods::

A novel Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) was synthesized from a combination of choline
chloride and 2-phenylethanol with a molar ratio of 1:4, and it was examined using FT-IR analysis.
This solvent was used in an AALLME method for measuring copper and cadmium heavy metal ions
in complex real samples with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS).

Results::

The influential parameters of this method, such as solution pH (5.4), extraction cycles (12),
and extraction solvent volume (440 μL), were optimized utilizing central composite design (CCD).
Underneath the optimized circumstances, the detection limits for Cu2+ and Cd2+ were 0.14 and 0.09
ng mL-1, and the linear dynamic range was 0.47-50.0 and 0.32-22.5 ng mL-1, respectively. The preconcentration
factors for these cations were 139.7 and 133.4, respectively.

Conclusion::

Combining this novel green solvent and rapid sample preparation method for the preconcentration
and determination of the studied heavy metal ions has shown promising results in
terms of enrichment factors and detection limit values.