bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Central Masturbation Fantasy in Heterosexual Males Across the Life Cycle
Authors: Colarusso Calvin A.
Published: October 2012

Moses Laufer described the central masturbation fantasy as an essentially adolescent phenomenon that leads to the final sexual organization. In this paper the central masturbation fantasy, formulated during the preoedipal and oedipal years, consolidated in adolescence, and in a process of continuous evolution across the life cycle, is considered an essential concept for understanding sexuality in heterosexual males. Sex and aggression, as posited in Freud’s dual theory of the drives, are core components of all masturbation fantasies, across the diagnostic spectrum, from the most normal/neurotic to the most criminally bizarre. Clinical examples illustrate both points. The tendency among clinicians, particularly clinical associates, to avoid analyzing all aspects of masturbation is discussed.
Predicting First-Time Sexual Offending Among Prisoners Without a Prior Sex Offense History
Authors: Duwe Grant
Published: October 2012

In an effort to reduce first-time sexual offending, this study focuses on the development of a risk assessment tool, the Minnesota Sexual Criminal Offending Risk Estimate (MnSCORE), designed for prisoners without any prior sexual offending history. Logistic regression modeling was used to develop the MnSCORE on a sample of 9,064 male offenders released from Minnesota prisons between 2003 and 2006. Bootstrap resampling was used to not only refine the selection of predictors but also internally validate the model. With an optimism-corrected area under the curve (AUC) of 0.763, the results showed the MnSCORE has moderately high predictive discrimination. Because the risk of first-time sexual offending was significantly lower for offenders who completed prison-based chemical dependency (CD) treatment, it is anticipated the MnSCORE may best be used as a trailer assessment to help better prioritize prisoners for CD treatment—both in prison and in the community following release.
Here to help? Western intervention and gender in the Palestinian public sphere
Authors: Sienkiewicz Matt
Published: October 2012

This article analyzes the impact of western funding projects on the place of women in the mediated Palestinian public sphere. Drawing upon archival evidence, it shows that – in an effort to avoid overt discussion of Israeli occupation – joint projects between foreign funders and outlets such as the Ma’an Network focused on issues of gender ‘conflict’. The article argues that these projects simultaneously played the disturbing role of reaffirming western resistance to the expression of Palestinian experience under occupation while nonetheless playing the laudable role of creating new opportunities for female media figures.
Transcriptome variation along bud development in grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.)
Authors: Díaz-Riquelme José , Grimplet Jérôme , Martínez-Zapater José M , Carmona María J
Published: October 2012

Background

Vegetative buds provide plants in temperate environments the possibility for growth and reproduction when environmental conditions are favorable. In grapevine, crucial developmental events take place within buds during two growing seasons in consecutive years. The first season, the shoot apical meristem within the bud differentiates all the basic elements of the shoot including flowering transition in lateral primordia and development of inflorescence primordia. These events practically end with bud dormancy. The second season, buds resume shoot growth associated to flower formation and development. Gene expression has been previously monitored at specific stages of bud development but has never been followed along the two growing seasons.

Results

Gene expression changes were analyzed along the bud annual cycle at eight different time points. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) revealed that the main factors explaining the global gene expression differences were the processes of bud dormancy and active growth as well as stress responses. Accordingly, non dormant buds showed an enrichment in functional categories typical of actively proliferating and growing cells together with the over abundance of transcripts belonging to stress response pathways. Differential expression analyses performed between consecutive time points indicated that major transcriptional changes were associated to para/endodormancy, endo/ecodormancy and ecodormancy/bud break transitions. Transcripts encoding key regulators of reproductive development were grouped in three major expression clusters corresponding to: (i) transcripts associated to flowering induction, (ii) transcripts associated to flower meristem specification and initiation and (iii) transcripts putatively involved in dormancy.Within this cluster, a MADS-box gene (VvFLC2) and other transcripts with similar expression patterns could participate in dormancy regulation.

Conclusions

This work provides a global view of major transcriptional changes taking place along bud development in grapevine, highlighting those molecular and biological functions involved in the main events of bud development. As reported in other woody species, the results suggest that genes regulating flowering could also be involved in dormancy regulatory pathways in grapevine.
Translational medicine as a permanent glue and force of clinical medicine and public health: perspectives (1) from 2012 Sino‐American symposium on clinical and translational medicine
Authors: Zhou Jiebai , Wu Duojiao , Liu Xinqing , Yuan Shuoqi , Yang Xiaoqiu , Wang Xiangdong
Published: October 2012

Abstracts

Health systems globally face challenges and opportunities in balancing quality, access, and cost, where clinical and translational medicine (CTM) should play more important and powerful roles in the identification, development and validation of solutions and strategies. Strategic collaboration can gather global strengths and resources and improve health systems, care delivery, regulations and policies. CTM‐driven innovation and development has the potential to achieve step‐change improvements across three dimensions. Thus, we have the reasons to believe that CTM will play even more roles in the development of new diagnostics, therapies, healthcare, and policies and SAS‐CTM will become more and more important platform to obtain the latest development in CTM internationally and explore new opportunities in the international collaborations.
Finding the undiscovered roles of genes: an approach using mutual ranking of coexpressed genes and promoter architecture-case study: dual roles of thaumatin like proteins in biotic and abiotic stresses
Authors: Deihimi Tahereh , Niazi Ali , Ebrahimi Mansour , Kajbaf Kimia , Fanaee Somaye , Bakhtiarizadeh Mohammad Reza , Ebrahimie Esmaeile
Published: October 2012

Regarding the possible multiple functions of a specific gene, finding the alternative roles of genes is a major challenge. Huge amount of available expression data and the central role of the promoter and its regulatory elements provide unique opportunely to address this issue. The question is that how the expression data and promoter analysis can be applied to uncover the different functions of a gene. A computational approach has been presented here by analysis of promoter regulatory elements, coexpressed gene as well as protein domain and prosite analysis. We applied our approach on Thaumatin like protein (TLP) as example. TLP is of group 5 of pathogenesis related proteins which their antifungal role has been proved previously. In contrast, Osmotin like proteins (OLPs) are basic form of TLPs with proved role only in abiotic stresses. We demonstrated the possible outstanding homolouges involving in both biotic and abiotic stresses by analyzing 300 coexpressed genes for each Arabidopsis TLP and OLP in biotic, abiotic, hormone, and light microarray experiments based on mutual ranking. In addition, promoter analysis was employed to detect transcription factor binding sites (TFBs) and their differences between OLPs and TLPs. A specific combination of five TFBs was found in all TLPs presenting the key structure in functional response of TLP to fungal stress. Interestingly, we found the fungal response TFBs in some of salt responsive OLPs, indicating the possible role of OLPs in biotic stresses. Thirteen TFBS were unique for all OLPs and some found in TLPs, proposing the possible role of these TLPs in abiotic stresses. Multivariate analysis showed the possibility of estimating models for distinguishing biotic and abiotic functions of TIPs based on promoter regulatory elements. This is the first report in identifying multiple roles of TLPs and OLPs in biotic and abiotic stresses. This study provides valuable clues for screening and discovering new genes with possible roles in tolerance against both biotic and abiotic stresses. Interestingly, principle component analysis showed that promoter regulatory elements of TLPs and OLPs are more variable than protein properties reinforcing the prominent role of promoter architecture in determining gene function alteration.
Introduction to this special section: TLE's 30th anniversary
Authors: Clark Dean
Published: October 2012

In 1981, the SEG Executive Committee, after the matter had been discussed by several predecessors, approved publication of a journal to complement Geophysics, SEG's peer-reviewed archival journal which had been in existence since 1936. It is interesting that the leaderships of two major sister societies, AAPG and EAGE (then EAEG), came to similar decisions almost simultaneously. The Explorer, The Leading Edge, and First Break were all launched within a few months of each other. The first issue of The Leading Edge appeared in June 1982. Some pretty simple arithmetic concludes that TLE is starting its fourth decade with this issue and that is the obvious reason for this special section.
The philosophy of top and bottom
Authors: Brown Alistair R.
Published: October 2012

Interpreting geologic information from seismic data involves the following: Data, their quality and signal-to-noise ratio; workstations, their manipulative capabilities; and people, their mental acumen and experience. Using all our high technology today and our capable workstations, it is easy for seismic interpreters to forget the basics of the reflection process. Reflections come from interfaces where the acoustic (and elastic) properties of the rocks change. Amplitude is thus a property of interfaces, more amplitude coming from more impedance contrast. We know this, of course, but we must think of the implications. A reservoir rock encased in some other rock, sand encased in shale for example, has an interface at the top (shale/sand) and an interface at the bottom (sand/shale). Thus there is a reflection at the reservoir top and a reflection at the reservoir bottom, as illustrated in Figure 1. Does every seismic interpreter realize this, and does every interpreter make full use of both these reflections?
What New Writing Teachers Talk About When They Talk About Teaching
Authors: Estrem Heidi , Reid E. Shelley
Published: October 2012

This article explores findings from a multiyear, multisite study of new college writing instructors. First, the authors describe the principles that guide new instructors’ teaching and reveal the number of resources that new instructors draw on beyond the pedagogy seminar. Second, they delineate how the kinds of classroom narratives these instructors choose to tell points to a range of understandings about what it means to teach writing. Finally, they argue that learning to teach writing is a complex process requiring sustained mentoring and support throughout the early years of teaching.
Students Creating Canons
Authors: Aull Laura L.
Published: October 2012

Rather than considering (or dismissing) classroom anthologies according to their author/text selection alone, this article underscores the anthology editorial apparatus as a key, tactical part of anthologies and their pedagogical use. The author outlines a pedagogical approach that asks students to analyze anthology apparatus texts and ultimately create their own, challenging students to consider the implications of constructing an American canon as well as the rhetorical challenge of defining and justifying it. The final part of the article includes example assignments, as well as student responses that show critical engagement with canon re/construction.
Interfaces and Infrastructures
Authors: Brown James J. , Engel Andrew , Hardin Whitney , Hillard Donora , Kahler Jason , McGinnis Michael , Risse Derek , Shaw-Draves Conor
Published: October 2012

This article describes a graduate seminar titled “Interfaces and Infrastructures” that took place at Wayne State University. The course engaged with new media scholarship while also taking a piece of software, Google Wave, as its central artifact. The seminar demonstrates a pedagogical approach in which new media objects act as both tools and objects of study in the English studies classroom.
Adaptation to different salinities exposes functional specialization in the intestine of the sea bream (Sparus aurata L.)
Authors: Gregório Sílvia F. , Carvalho Edison S. M. , Encarnação Sandra , Wilson Jonathan M. , Power Deborah M. , Canário Adelino V. M. , Fuentes Juan
Published: October 2012

In addition to high drinking rates, processing of intestinal fluid is essential for osmoregulation in marine fish. This study analyzed the long-term response of the sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) to relevant changes of external salinity 12, 35 and 55ppt focusing on the anterior intestine and in the less often studied rectum. Intestinal water absorption, epithelial HCO3- secretion and gene expression of the main molecular mechanisms (SLC26a6, SLC26a3, SLC4a4, atp6v1b, CFTR, NKCC1 and NKCC2) involved in Cl- and HCO3- movements were examined. The anion transporters SLC26a6 and SLC26a3 are several fold more expressed in the anterior intestine, while the expression of Atp6v1b (V-type H+-ATPase β subunit) several fold higher in the rectum. Prolonged exposure to altered external salinity was without effect on water absorption but associated with concomitant changes in intestinal fluid content, epithelial HCO3- secretion and salinity dependent expression of SLC26a6, SLC26a3 and SLC4a4 in the anterior intestine. However, the most striking response to external salinity was obtained in the rectum, where a 4-5-fold increase in water absorption was paralleled by a 2-3-fold increase in HCO3- secretion in response to 55 ppt. In addition, the rectum of high salinity acclimated fish shows a sustained (and enhanced) secretory current (Isc) identified in vitro in Ussing chambers, confirmed by the higher expression CFTR and NKCC1 and established by protein localization with immunohistochemistry. Taken together the present results suggest a functional anterior-posterior specialization with regards to intestinal fluid processing and subsequently to salinity adaptation of the sea bream. The rectum becomes more active at higher salinities and functions as the final controller of the intestinal function in osmoregulation.
Inter-leg coordination in the control of walking speed inDrosophila
Authors: Wosnitza Anne , Bockemühl Till , Dübbert Michael , Scholz Henrike , Büschges Ansgar
Published: October 2012

Legged locomotion is the most common behavior of terrestrial animals and it is assumed to have become highly optimized during evolution. Quadrupeds, for instance, use distinct gaits which are optimal with regard to metabolic cost and have characteristic kinematic features and patterns of inter-leg coordination. In insects, the situation is not as clear. In general, insects are able to alter inter-leg coordination systematically with locomotion speed, producing a continuum of coordination patterns. This notion, however, is based on the study of not one but several insect species. These species differ greatly in size and weight and each species tends to walk at a rather narrow range of speeds. We have addressed these issues and examined four strains of Drosophila, which are similar in size and weight, but tend to walk at different speed ranges. Our data suggest that Drosophila controls its walking speed almost exclusively via step frequency. At high walking speeds we invariably found tripod coordination the quality of which increased with speed as indicated by a simple measure of tripod coordination strength (TCS). At low speeds we also observed tetrapod coordination and wave gait-like walking patterns. These findings suggest not only a clear speed dependence of inter-leg coordination, but imply that inter-leg coordination is flex-ible. This was further supported by amputation experiments in which we examined walking behavior in animals after the removal of a hind leg. These animals show immediate adaptations in body posture, leg kinematics, and inter-leg coordination thereby maintaining their ability to walk.
Tribocharged Polymer Surfaces: Solvent Effect on Pattern Formation and Modification
Authors: Francisco Kelly R , Burgo Thiago A L , Galembeck Fernando
Published: October 2012

Commonly used liquids have a powerful effect on the tribocharge patterns formed by rubbing polyethylene (PE) and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) surfaces. Solvents previously absorbed on PE specifically suppress positive tribocharge deposition. When applied to previously tribocharged surfaces, they also behave as charge-suppressing agents or transfer media. All these unprecedented results verify a new mechanochemical model that was recently introduced to explain the hitherto challenging problem of triboelectricity formation.
Specific Chromatographic Retentions on Polymer Pore Surface of Macroporous Spongy Monoliths
Authors: Tanigawa Tetsuya , Kubo Takuya , Hosoya Ken
Published: October 2012

We examined chromatographic retention properties of macroporous spongy monolithic columns. Detailed chromatographic evaluations showed that planar compounds were strongly retained on poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)-based monoliths, whereas sterically bulky or hydrophilic compounds were weakly retained. The comparison results with commonly used columns suggested that the specific retention abilities were a result of the differences in the polymer-chain orientation on polymer pore surface.
Why No Electrostatic Attraction in DLVO Theory?
Authors: Ise Norio
Published: October 2012

The Fowler–Guggenheim–McQuarrie analysis of the Debye–Hückel theory shows that electrostatic Helmholtz and Gibbs free energies (Fel and Gel, respectively) are not equal. The difference term (Fel − Gel)/V (V: system volume) is the osmotic pressure pel. The DLVO theory is based on the assumption that Fel = Gel, suggesting that this theory can be justified only for small pel, namely for weakly charged systems. The experiments show that the DLVO theory provides seemingly satisfactory pictures for weakly charged colloidal systems but not for strongly interacting ones. The widely accepted view that the mean-field approach should predict only repulsion is not justified. The intrinsic reason why the DLVO theory has provided only repulsion seems to be due to the assumption Fel = Gel.
Ethical stress and performing real people
Authors: Luckhurst Mary
Published: October 2012

This article argues that actors playing real people find themselves subject to specific forms of ethical stress that they do not suffer from when playing fictional characters. It investigates particular aspects of ethical stress and examines what individual actors might mean by their
common claim to feel a greater ‘responsibility’ when playing a real person. Ethical quandaries and anxieties lead actors to modify their usual approaches and their experience is often one of imaginative and emotional containment. This article also exposes the difficulty actors
face in articulating their ethical dilemmas because of assumptions about their subordinate role in the production hierarchy. Lastly, this article makes a plea for ethics to be incorporated into actor-training courses and for acting theory to be revisited in respect of ethics.
Embodied Encounters: Ethics, Representation and Reiteration in Ten Years of The Laramie Project
Authors: Hopkins Boone J.
Published: October 2012

The Tectonic Theater Project (TTP) under the leadership of Moisés Kaufman began their ethnographic research in Laramie, Wyoming in November 1998, four weeks after the murder of Matthew Shepard. The impact of The Laramie Project is significant as an example of theatre for social
change; however the methods used by the TTP to gather and disseminate their research material for this project are often overlooked. Furthermore a full-length epilogue, published ten years after the original performance, reassesses the research and results, developing a complicated field of
ethical dilemmas in representation. This article maps the ways in which The Laramie Project is connected to and also how it significantly departs from the codes of ethics outlined by three leading anthropological organizations and considers the challenges inherent in performance as representation.
Documentary drama, like The Laramie Project, becomes a rich and useful space for rehearsing the ways in which ethics guide fieldwork in anthropology and performance, and how these disciplines might learn from and employ particular strategies inherent to each discipline.
More than a comic sidekick: Fat men in gay porn
Authors: Highberg Nels P.
Published: October 2012

How and where do fat gay men living in cultures that vilify them for both their weight and their sexual identity go to find affirming, constructive images of men like them engaging in acts of intimacy that run the gamut of kissing to engaging in ordinary sexual acts to expressing love?
Using Ann Cvetkovich's theory of the everyday life of queer trauma as a starting point, this article presents pornographic performances on websites, films and video as key sites where fat gay men can find such positive representations of themselves. Ultimately, this article argues for and
exemplifies scholarship in sexuality studies that considers pornography contextually and not monolithically, because it can do much good for viewers who cannot find their sexual and romantic lives depicted in many other places, satisfying the ethical necessity that adults of all body types
be taken seriously as sexual beings.
The Small-Strain Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Quartz and Volcanic Sands
Authors: Senetakis Kostas , Anastasiadis Anastasios , Pitilakis Kyriazis
Published: October 2012

The dynamic properties of soils in the region of very small strains are essential for any seismic design. This paper aims to investigate the dynamic small-strain shear modulus (GO) and damping ratio (DO) of reconstituted dry sands of variable mineralogy, shape, and grain-size distribution. In particular, the low-amplitude torsional resonant column test results of 31 specimens are synthesized, 19 specimens of natural and quarry sands predominately composed of quartz particles, and 12 specimens of volcanic sands composed of rhyolitic glassy rock of porous particles. It is concluded that the volcanic sands exhibit significantly lower GO values and slightly lower DO values in comparison to the quartz ones whilst the response of the quartz sands is significantly affected by the shape of the particles. The differences in the observed responses between quartz and volcanic sands are partially attributed to the variability in particles density, morphology, and mineralogy, as well as the higher void ratio and the lower dry density that the volcanic sands exhibit in comparison to the quartz ones. Overall, the effects of the mean effective confining pressure (σm′), the void ratio (e), and the grain-size distribution on the dynamic response of the volcanic soils follow a similar trend as in the quartz sands. Using the general form of available relationships presented in the literature, and after modifying the “constant” parameters, appropriate equations, stemming from the low-amplitude resonant column data test, are proposed that may be used for the estimation of the small-strain shear modulus and damping ratio separately for natural quartz sands, quarry quartz sands, and volcanic granular soils.
Precision Tool Condition Monitoring for Grinding Wheel in IC Manufacturing of Silicon Wafer
Authors: Hsu Ya-Chen , Pearn W. L. , Chuang Ya-Fei
Published: October 2012

In integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing industries, wafer grinding is an important step because it improves wafer flatness and thickness. The diamond-grinding wheel used for grinding the wafers is expensive. Inevitably, the diamond-grinding wheel wears gradually during the grinding process, and the wafer surface is contaminated by grinding chips. Consequently, the fraction of defectives gradually becomes significant. In this situation, cost reduction is important for silicon wafer suppliers in the global market. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the grinding wheel in order to reduce the manufacturing cost and minimize the fraction of defectives. In this paper, we consider the grinding-wheel replacement problem in IC factories with the aim of determining the optimal replacement time for the grinding wheels. In order to maintain high wafer process quality and minimize the production cost, we propose a tool condition monitoring procedure for assessing the true capability at each time period of the grinding process and then find the optimal time for tool replacement. The procedure can be used practically for the silicon wafer manufacturing industry.
MECHANICAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL EFFECTS ON MEDIUM CARBON STEEL WELD JOINTS WHEN A GMAW PROCESS IS USED TO REPAIR STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS USED IN THE MANUFACTURING OF HEAVY MINING EQUIPMENT
Authors: Valenzuela Eduardo , López Víctor
Published: October 2012

Meet the technical specifications defined by the designengineering department is a critical factor to haveof a good performance during the normal life cycle of heavy mining equipment. This study was done to determine how the repair process carried out in order to recover structuralcomponents that did not meet the proper quality criteria after the inspection process,can alter the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the product used in the construction of heavy miningequipment.

As the repair process can be donenot only once, but twice and until three times using a manual GMAW process, this study was carried out under controlled conditions and using similar process parameters as those used in the manufacturing process. A set of four specimens were prepared, one without any repair, and the other three with one, two and three repairs. In order to evaluate the sanity of the welded unions and also the materials behavior of each one of the specimens, tensile, microhardness, macroetch, charpy, and metallographic testswere carried out
Analysis of the Heat Generated by Welding Process for Solid State two dissimilar metals.
Authors: Rodríguez Ramos Ezequiel R. , Zambrano Robledo P. del C. , Juárez Hernández A. , Reyes Valdéz A.
Published: October 2012

This article presents an analysis of the heat generated by welding two different metals by friction. The welded samples were a DP600 steel and aluminum 6063. To perform this analysis it study the heat conducted in this system using Fourier’s Law and respective specific heat of each metal. We analyzed the integral equations that make up the model and the heat flow analysis to predict the optimal combination of alloys, in an ideal process.
Relações conjugais e familiares de adolescentes após o término da gestação
Authors: Maranhão Thatiana Araújo , Gomes Keila Rejane Oliveira , Oliveira Delvianne Costa de
Published: October 2012

OBJETIVO: Analisar as percepções de mães adolescentes a respeito das relações familiares e conjugais desenvolvidas, após o término da gestação. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 202 adolescentes, 3 meses após internação em uma das quatro maternidades de Teresina-PI, incluídas no estudo. RESULTADOS: A maioria das adolescentes entrevistadas percebeu mudanças positivas nas relações familiares (60,4%) e conjugais (50,5%), após o término da gestação. Observou-se associação estatística entre o desejo do pai pelo recém-nascido e a predisposição para cuidá-lo (p<0,01) e entre as modificações nas relações conjugais e o apoio paterno durante os cuidados do filho (p<0,01). CONCLUSÕES: Embora o estudo tenha mostrado relacionamentos predominantemente favoráveis entre as jovens e sua família e com o cônjuge após a gestação, espera-se que tais resultados norteiem os profissionais de saúde para que possam estimular o aumento do vínculo entre a mãe adolescente e as pessoas de seu convívio durante e após a gestação.
Associação entre gravidez não planejada e o contexto socioeconômico de mulheres em área da Estratégia Saúde da Família
Authors: Coelho Edméia de Almeida Cardoso , Andrade Maria Lindiane de Souza , Vitoriano Laís Vilanova Tavares , Souza Jussilene de Jesus , Silva Diorlene Oliveira da , Gusmão Maria Enoy Neves , Nascimento Enilda Rosendo do , Almeida Mariza Silva
Published: October 2012

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de gravidez não planejada e verificar a associação com fatores sociodemográficos de mulheres cadastradas na ESF - Estratégia Saúde da Família, no subúrbio sanitário de Salvador - BA. MÉTODOS: Estudo de natureza quantitativa, exploratório, transversal, com amostra de 191 mulheres grávidas, estratificada por unidades de saúde. A gravidez foi categorizada em planejada e não planejada, e as características sociodemográficas constituíram variáveis independentes. A magnitude das associações foi obtida pela razão de prevalência e respectivos intervalos de confiança (95%), estimada pela regressão de Poisson, sendo o nível de significância estatística, 5% (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de gravidez não planejada foi 66,5%; idade, situação conjugal, situação ocupacional e renda apresentaram diferenças proporcionais estatisticamente significantes com relação ao tipo de gravidez. Verificou-se associação positiva entre idade, situação conjugal e ocupação com gravidez não planejada. CONCLUSÕES: reafirma-se a associação entre gravidez não planejada e condições socioeconômicas, e a ESF parece não ter sido efetivo na garantia dos direitos reprodutivos das mulheres.
Familial nonsyndromic craniosynostosis with specific deformity of the cranium
Authors: Shimizu Azusa , Komuro Yuzo , Miyajima Masakazu , Arai Hajime
Published: October 2012

An otherwise healthy, developmentally normal 3-week-old male infant presented with complex multisuture craniosynostosis involving the metopic suture and bilateral coronal sutures with frontal prominence and hypotelorism. Frontal craniectomy and bilateral frontoorbital advancement remodeling were performed at the age of 5 months. The postoperative course was uneventful. The child's development was normal up to 8 months after the operation. His father and grandfather had similar specific deformities of the cranium, but no anomaly of the extremities was found, and conversation suggested that their intelligence was normal, excluding the possibility of syndromic craniosynostosis. A DNA analysis revealed large-scale copy number polymorphism of chromosome 4 in the patient and his family, which may include the phenotype of the cranium. Neither FGFR mutation nor absence of a TWIST1 mutation in the sequence from 291 to 1087, which includes DNA binding, Helix1, Loop, and Helix2, was identified. The patient apparently had a rare case of familial nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. The authors plan further genomic analysis of this family and long-term observation of the craniofacial deformity of this patient.
Analyse spatiale des différentes formes de pressions anthropiques dans la réserve de faune de l’Oti-Mandouri (Togo)
Authors: Dimobe Kangbéni , Wala Kpérkouma , Batawila Komlan , Dourma Marra , Woegan Yao A , Akpagana Koffi
Published: October 2012

La présente étude a permis de relever dans 126 placeaux 116 espèces ligneuses (dbh ≥ 10 cm) réparties en 84 genres et 33 familles. Les familles les plus représentées sont les Rubiaceae, les Mimosaceae et les Combretaceae. Cette aire protégée est soumise à de fortes pressions dues à l’influence des populations dont les principales sont : les installations liées aux activités agricoles et pastorales, le prélèvement illégal du bois, les feux de brousse. Eu égard à l’adoption de la nouvelle méthode de gestion, la réserve de l’Oti-Mandouri devrait être préservée au maximum pour ce qui reste, car sa proximité avec le complexe d’aires protégées appelé WAP (Parc W au Niger, le parc Arly au Burkina Faso et la réserve de biosphère de Pendjari au Bénin) laisse ouverte la possibilité d’un repeuplement ultérieur naturel depuis ces zones et la possibilité de maintenir un corridor vers le parc national d’Oti-Kéran.
Intérêt de l’approche systémique pour l’étude de formations végétales en milieux forestiers : l’exemple de la Forêt de Fontainebleau
Authors: Hotyat Micheline
Published: October 2012

Les forêts sont des systèmes complexes qui présentent des structures variées soumises à des modifications spatio-temporelles nombreuses selon des pas de temps variables. Un profil topographique et les couvertures végétales correspondantes, pris comme exemple en forêt de Fontainebleau, présentent une multitude de facettes, depuis les plateaux couverts de futaies de feuillus intégrant une réserve biologique intégrale, en passant par la dalle de grès tapissée de landes et les versants développés dans les sables parsemés de plages de fougères et de bruyères piquetées de bouleaux et de pins jusqu’à la dépression tapissée, ici et là, d’une pelouse rase. Cette véritable mosaïque paysagère est autant marquée par la structure géologique et les sols que par les actions anthropiques qui s’y sont exercées. Si ces paysages sont bien connus aujourd’hui, voire célèbres, il importe de comprendre comment ces diverses entités végétales se sont structurées, quel rôle ont joué les activités anthropiques passées sur la constitution actuelle des couverts végétaux? Comment faire la part relative entre les conditions du milieu, les données biologiques et les multiples interventions sociétales afin de construire des schémas dynamiques pour aider à une meilleure compréhension des « anthropo-sylvo-systèmes » afin de mieux appréhender leur évolution et de les gérer au mieux.
Transplantation et hybridation transculturelle dans la poésie d’Olive Senior
Authors: Moïse Myriam
Published: October 2012

Métaphore de la biodiversité caribéenne, le recueil poétique Gardening in the Tropics de l’écrivaine jamaïcaine Olive Senior est en fait une méditation créole sur le paysage caribéen et ses phénomènes d’hybridation, de prolifération et de reproduction. Mélanges de ‘patois’ jamaïcain et d’anglais, le langage poétique de Senior décrit la flore caraïbe qui est ainsi personnifiée à travers ses divers pigments, sa capacité à résister à l’humain et sa reconquête de l’espace postcolonial. L’environnement que Senior dépeint est en fait un paysage caribéen fragmenté et défloré par la colonisation et les plantes y sont à la fois des symboles de fécondité et de stérilité. La graine plantée devient l’allégorie de l’invasion spatiale et de la reterritorialisation tandis que sa semence hybride résiste et nourrit la mémoire des peuples des Caraïbes. Cette poésie de l’ambivalence anime l’imaginaire diasporique caribéen et contribue à la (re)construction des identités transculturelles qui prolifèrent au sein de l’espace diasporique.
Évolution de la place du végétal dans la ville, de l’espace vert a la trame verte
Authors: Mehdi Lotfi , Weber Christiane , Pietro Francesca Di , Selmi Wissal
Published: October 2012

La place attribuée aux espaces verts par les politiques urbaines depuis le XIXe siècle en France a connu plusieurs phases. Selon les tendances urbanistiques adoptées, trois périodes principales peuvent être identifiées : il s’agit de l’ère de l’urbanisme fonctionnaliste, de celle de l’urbanisme durable et enfin l’émergence de l’urbanisme écologique. Tout au long de ces périodes, de nouvelles pratiques de gestion et différentes typologies d’espaces verts sont apparues. Les espaces végétalisés urbains ont ainsi évolué par rapport à un « gradient de naturalité », allant des jardins privés à forte valeur ornementale à la trame verte urbaine multifonctionnelle. De nos jours, les études menées sur « la nature » en ville se structurent en fonction de deux orientations principales : (i) l’évaluation des services écosystémiques rendus par la biodiversité et (ii) la mise en connectivité des habitats particuliers. L’objectif de cet article est de proposer une synthèse de l’évolution de la place du végétal en ville à la fois dans les diverses théories urbanistiques et dans les pratiques urbanistiques.
An improved energy‐dispersive X‐ray microanalysis method for analyzing simultaneously carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and other cation and anion concentrations in single natural marine microplankton cells
Authors: Segura‐Noguera Mariona , Blasco Dolors , Fortuño José‐Manuel
Published: October 2012

Electron‐probe X‐ray microanalysis (XRMA) is a technique that can be used to simultaneously quantify C, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, and Ca present in single cells collected from the sea, with a minimal treatment of the samples. The technique has been used to determine elemental composition in plankton using scanning electron microscopes (SEM) or transmission electron microscopes (TEM). The methodologies used have shown some drawbacks. Here we present an improved methodology focusing on the analysis of the elemental concentration of marine microplankton cells, including light elements, based on the methodology of Norland et al. (1995). The most important modification is the use of a SEM microscope but reproducing TEM conditions by placing the sample grid at a distance from the holder bottom. This modification eliminates the interference of the SEM stub from the analysis of the cells, and improves the limit of detection of elements that are present in low concentrations. Experimental and theoretical data on the beam penetration depth using low incident beam energies (15 kV) are presented. The results show that a 15 kV accelerating voltage, invoked as a limitation in using XRMA for the analysis of samples thicker than 0.1 µm (Twining et al. 2008), is sufficient to analyze whole microplankton cells, and that there is no absorption of X‐rays during the analysis. The method has been applied to diatoms and dinoflagellates from the Western Mediterranean Sea. The cell elemental composition results fall within the range of historical data in the literature.
Estimate of climate sensitivity from carbonate microfossils dated near the Eocene-Oligocene global cooling
Authors: Asten M. W.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. Climate sensitivity is a crucial parameter in global temperature modelling. An estimate is made at the time 33.4 Ma using published high-resolution deep-sea temperature proxy obtained from foraminiferal δ18O records from DSDP site 744, combined with published data for atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) from carbonate microfossils, where δ11B provides a proxy for pCO2. The pCO2 data shows a pCO2 decrease accompanying the major cooling event of about 4 °C from greenhouse conditions to icecap conditions following the Eocene-Oligocene boundary (33.7 My). During the cooling pCO2 fell from 1150 to 770 ppmv. The cooling event was followed by a rapid and huge increase in pCO2 back to 1130 ppmv in the space of 50 000 yr. The large pCO2 increase was accompanied by a small deep-ocean temperature increase estimated as 0.59 ± 0.063 °C. Climate sensitivity estimated from the latter is 1.1 ± 0.4 °C (66% confidence) compared with the IPCC central value of 3 °C. The post Eocene-Oligocene transition (33.4 Ma) value of 1.1 °C obtained here is lower than those published from Holocene and Pleistocene glaciation-related temperature data (800 Kya to present) but is of similar order to sensitivity estimates published from satellite observations of tropospheric and sea-surface temperature variations. The value of 1.1 °C is grossly different from estimates up to 9 °C published from paleo-temperature studies of Pliocene (3 to 4 Mya) age sediments. The range of apparent climate sensitivity values available from paleo-temperature data suggests that either feedback mechanisms vary widely for the different measurement conditions, or additional factors beyond currently used feedbacks are affecting global temperature-CO2 relationships.
Influence of External Coagulant Water Types on the Performances of PES Ultrafiltration Membranes
Authors: He Jing , Ji Lingyun , Shi Baoli
Published: October 2012

In order to research the influence of cluster structure on the performances of membranes prepared through immersion precipitation phase inversion technique when water was used as external coagulant, in this paper, two types of water were prepared from distilled water and were used as external coagulant at room temperature. One type (water I) was prepared from boiled distilled water and another type (water II) was prepared from ice. Six polyethersulfone membranes were prepared by using polyvinylpyrrolidone as additive. Pure water flux, permeation flux of BSA solution and rejection to bovine serum albumin of the membranes were investigated. It was found that according to the statistically experimental results, the membranes prepared in water II always had larger pure water flux, permeation flux of BSA solution, rejection and swelling ratio than the membranes prepared in water I. Consequently, the types of water external coagulant had some influences on the separation performances of the prepared membranes but had no effects on the surface chemical groups. However, the present morphology characterization technology, such as SEM couldn’t detect the tiny difference in the pore structures.
A Polystyrene‐Supported, Highly Recyclable Squaramide Organocatalyst for the Enantioselective Michael Addition of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds to β‐Nitrostyrenes
Authors: Kasaplar Pinar , Riente Paola , Hartmann Caroline , Pericàs Miquel A.
Published: October 2012

A chiral squaramide has been supported onto a polystyrene (PS) resin through a copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction and used as a very active, easily recoverable and highly reusable organocatalyst for the asymmetric Michael addition of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds to β‐nitrostyrenes. The PS‐supported squaramide could be recycled up to 10 times.
Enantioselective Addition of Dialkylzincs to Aldehydes Catalyzed by (−)‐MITH
Authors: Cheng Ying‐Ni , Wu Hsyueh‐Liang , Wu Ping‐Yu , Shen Ying‐Ying , Uang Biing‐Jiun
Published: October 2012

An effective catalytic system that imparts high enantioselectivity has been disclosed for the synthesis of optically active alcohols, which may undergo further chemical transformations. The enantioselective alkylation of aldehydes with dialkylzincs to afford the corresponding optically active alcohols with excellent enantioselectvities has been achieved in the presence of 0.1–0.5 mol % of the camphor‐derived chiral ligand (−)‐2‐exo‐morpholinoisobornane‐10‐thiol (MITH) (1) at room temperature or at 0 °C.
Facile Synthesis of Well‐Dispersed Silver Nanoparticles on Hierarchical Flower‐like Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 with a High Catalytic Activity towards 4‐Nitrophenol Reduction
Authors: Jin Renxi , Xing Yan , Yu Xiaodan , Sun Shaolin , Yu Donghui , Wang Fangfang , Wu Wenbin , Song Shuyan
Published: October 2012

Layered nickel silicate nanoflowers (NSFs) with a hierarchical nanostructure have been successfully fabricated by a template‐free solvothermal method. The as‐prepared nanoflowers were composed of many interconnected edge‐curving lamellae with a thickness of about 15 nm and had a high specific surface area (279 m2 g−1) and large pore volume (0.67 cm3 g−1). The highly dispersed small silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were immobilized on the surface of NSFs through the in situ reduction of Ag+ by Sn2+. The AgNP/NSF nanocomposites showed a high performance in the catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol. In particular, there was no visible decrease in the catalytic activity of the reused catalysts even after being recycled four times. The as‐prepared AgNP/NSF nanocomposites might be an excellent catalyst owing to their availability, formability, chemical and thermal stability, and high specific surface area.
DNA Sequence and Ancillary Ligand Modulate the Biexponential Emission Decay of Intercalated [Ru(L)2dppz]2+Enantiomers
Authors: McKinley Andrew W. , Andersson Johanna , Lincoln Per , Tuite Eimer M.
Published: October 2012

The bi‐exponential emission decay of [Ru(L)2dppz]2+(L=N,N′‐diimine ligand) bound to DNA has been studied as a function of polynucleotide sequence, enantiomer, and nature of L (phenanthroline vs. bipyridine). The lifetimes (τi) and pre‐exponential factors (αi) depend on all three parameters. With [poly(dA‐dT)]2, the variation ofαiwith [Nu]/[Ru] has little dependence on L for Λ‐[Ru(L)2dppz]2+but a substantial dependence for Δ‐[Ru(L)2dppz]2+. With [poly(dG‐dC)]2, by contrast, the Λ‐enantiomerαivalues depend strongly on the nature of L, whereas those of the Δ‐enantiomer are relatively unaffected. DNA‐bound linked dimers show similar photophysical behaviour. The lifetimes are identified with two geometries of minor‐groove intercalated [Ru(L)2dppz]2+, resulting in differential water access to the phenazine nitrogen atoms. Interplay of cooperative and anti‐cooperative binding resulting from complex–complex and complex–DNA interactions is responsible for the observed variations ofαiwith binding ratio. [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+emission is quenched by guanosine in DMF, which may further rationalise the shorter lifetimes observed with guanine‐rich DNA.
Die chemische Formelsprache – (un‐)vermeidbare Hürden auf dem Weg zu einer Verständnisentwicklung?
Authors: Bernholt Sascha , Fischer Insa , Heuer Sandra , Taskin Vahide , Martens Jürgen , Parchmann Ilka
Published: October 2012

Die chemische Formelsprache prägt den Kompetenzbereich Kommunikation in einer besonderen, fachspezifischen Weise. Sie stellt einen eigenen Lerngegenstand dar, repräsentiert aber auch chemische Prozesse und Fachkonzepte nach präzisen Regeln. Für das Lernen und Kommunizieren in und über Chemie ist sie folglich unverzichtbar. Zahlreiche Untersuchungen zeigen jedoch nach wie vor, dass Schülerinnen und Schüler große Probleme in der Interpretation und Verwendung von Symbolen, Formeln und Reaktionsgleichungen haben. Dieser Beitrag knüpft zunächst an bekannte Ergebnisse aus der Lehr‐Lern‐Forschung an. Er hinterfragt weiterhin das Verständnis üblicher Darstellungen in Lehrbüchern. Aufbauend auf eine Querschnittsuntersuchung werden schließlich Anregungen für die Unterrichtspraxis gegeben, deren weitere Diskussion die Autoren mit diesem Beitrag anstoßen möchten.
Recent Advances in the Research of Heterocyclic Compounds as Antitubercular Agents
Authors: Yan Mi , Ma Shutao
Published: October 2012

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem, with approximately one‐third of the world′s population infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, eight million people in the active disease state, and two million dying annually. Furthermore, the prevalence of TB/HIV co‐infection, and the emergence of multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis (MDR‐TB) and extensively drug‐resistant tuberculosis (XDR‐TB) have further aggravated the spread of this disease and thus mortality by it. There is an urgent need for novel antitubercular agents with improved properties, such as lower toxicity, shortened duration of therapy, rapid bactericidal action, and enhanced activity against MDR strains. Fortunately, a number of new potential antitubercular candidate drugs with heterocyclic rings, which are most likely to be effective against resistant strains, have entered clinical trials in recent years. This review highlights recent advances in the research of novel heterocyclic compounds, with particular focus on their antimycobacterial activity, mechanisms of action, toxicity, and structure–activity relationships (SARs).