bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Summary report for the third international competition on computational models of argumentation
Authors: Bistarelli Stefano , Kotthof Lars , Santini Francesco , Taticchi Carlo
Published: January 2022

The Third International Competition on Computational Models of Argumentation (ICCMA'19) focused on reasoning tasks in abstract argumentation frameworks. Submitted solvers were tested on a selected collection of benchmark instances, including artificially generated argumentation frameworks and some frameworks formalizing real‐world problems. This competition introduced two main novelties over the two previous editions: the first one is the use of the Docker platform for packaging the participating solvers into virtual “light” containers; the second novelty consists of a new track for dynamic frameworks.
Creative Bilingualism in Late-Medieval Welsh Poetry
Authors: Hopwood Llewelyn
Published: January 2022

This article considers why bilingual poets from medieval Wales exploited their various languages as avenues of creativity. It discusses five poems from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries that synthesize Welsh and either English or Latin to varying degrees. The article untangles the
conscious and often complex linguistic integration, using the term 'extralinguistic bilingualism' to do so with two exclusively English poems that nonetheless use Welsh strict metre and 'orthography'. One of these is a series of once anonymous English englynion recently found to be
the work of prolific poet Tudur Aled, who flourished in the last quarter of the fifteenth century and the first quarter of the sixteenth century. By examining the poems in tandem and contextualizing their apparent isolation within Wales's contemporary linguistic landscape and within the phenomena
of multilingual poetry, Marian lyrics and 'aureate' diction, the impetus behind their curious hybridity is queried. It is argued that comedy, piety and literary craft are key considerations, and that all are connected by an overarching concern for relative linguistic prestige: the perceived
divergence between the social and literary status of each language.
Effect of esomeprazole on maternal serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and endoglin in patients with early-onset preeclampsia
Authors: Abbas Ahmed M , Othman Yousra M , Abdallah Mohamad M , Ellah Noura H. Abd , Azim Hanan G. Abdel , Shaamash Ayman H
Published: January 2022

Objective: This study evaluates the effect of esomeprazole on the maternal serum levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and soluble endoglin (sEng) in patients with early-onset preeclampsia.Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out in a tertiary University hospital between March 2018, and September 2019 (Clinical Trials.Gov: NCT03213639). The study included women between 28 and 31+6 weeks gestational age who had been diagnosed as preeclampsia without severe features. They were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio into an esomeprazole group, which received esomeprazole 40 mg orally once a day, and a placebo group, which received one placebo tablet daily. Blood samples were obtained to assess levels of serum sFlt-1and sEng using ELISA testing. The primary outcome was the difference between the mean serum level of sFlt-1 and sEng at the start of treatment and at the termination of pregnancy in both groups.Results: Eighty-eight patients were randomly assigned into both groups (44 in each). No statistically significant difference was found in the levels of sFlt-1 between both groups at admission and termination of pregnancy. The number of days of treatment for the esomeprazole group was slightly longer than the placebo group (11.4Â±9.4 vs. 10.3Â±6.3 days, P=0.515). No statistically significant difference in the rate of maternal and fetal complications occurred between the two groups. No side effects from the study medications were reported.Conclusions: Esomeprazole, at the dosage used in this study did not effectively lower the serum levels of sFlt-1 and sEng in patients with early-onset preeclampsia. Furthermore, it did not prolong the duration of pregnancy, nor did it decrease maternal or fetal complications.
Effects of hydrocortisone-presensitized sugammadex on recovery from neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium: a rodent in vivo study
Authors: Choi Hey-Ran , Yang Hong-Seuk , Choi Jae-Moon , Park Chungon , In Junyong , Kim Yong Beom
Published: January 2022

Background: Sugammadex is a specific antagonist of aminosteroidal neuromuscular blocking agents with 1:1 binding to guest molecules. Sugammadex can also bind to other drugs having a steroid component in its chemical structure. In this in vivo experiment, we investigated the differences in the recovery of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade using sugammadex pre-exposed with two different concentrations of hydrocortisone.Methods: The sciatic nerves and tibialis anterior muscles of 30 adult Sprague–Dawley rats were prepared for the experiment. The sciatic nerves were stimulated using a train-of-four (TOF) pattern with indirect supramaximal stimulation at 20 s intervals. After 15 min of stabilization, a 250 μg loading dose and 125 μg booster doses of rocuronium were serially administered until > 95% depression of the first twitch tension of TOF stimulation (T1) was confirmed. The study drugs were prepared by mixing sugamadex with the same volume of three different stock solutions (0.9% normal saline, 10 mg/ml hydrocortisone, and 100 mg/ml hydrocortisone). The recovery of rats from neuromuscular blockade was monitored by assessing T1 and the TOF ratio (TOFR) simultaneously until T1 was recovered to > 95% and TOFR to > 0.9.Results: In the group injected with sugammadex premixed with a high concentration of hydrocortisone, statistically significant intergroup differences were observed in the recovery progression of T1 and TOFR (P < 0.050).Conclusions: When sugammadex was pre-exposed to a high dose of hydrocortisone only, recovery from neuromuscular blockade was delayed. Delayed recovery from neuromuscular blockade is not always plausible when sugammadex is pre-exposed to steroidal drugs.
The System of Continuous Formation and Development of Entrepreneurial Skills
Authors: Sanina Liudmila , Mozulev Sergey , Mima Maria
Published: January 2022

In the new economic reality and global transformations, new scenarios of professions and jobs that are not taught anywhere are emerging. In the modern world, knowledge as well as some professions become obsolete very quickly. In this situation, the so-called "soft skills" such as the ability of problem solving with the comprehensive approach, critical thinking, initiative and creativity come to the fore. They are these skills that remain with a person for the rest of their life and help them retrain, find themselves in new professions, adapt to changing living conditions. In our opinion, these skills are formed successfully, when scientific researches in the course of training are conducted, various projects that form entrepreneurial skills are developed. The introduction of a research component and project-based training into educational programs will help those who are looking for a new job now, in the crisis, or in the future. Automation of production processes and robotization go on continuously and increase the role of people, forcing them to compete in creativity and mastering new skills. At the same time, it is important to understand that the formation of skills, and in particular soft skills, is a long process. Therefore, in this study, special attention is paid to the consistency and continuity of training programs for young entrepreneurs, starting from the age of 12. A systematic approach, the interrelated modules and the gradual deepening of knowledge will allow to form a professional with an entrepreneurial mindset. The directions of formation of key entrepreneurial skills are considered (formation and development of interest among young people in entrepreneurial activity; formation of basic skills aimed at creating their own entrepreneurial project; formation and development of entrepreneurial competencies among young people on the basis of an individual educational training; involvement of young people in entrepreneurial activity). The necessary conditions and obstacles to the implementation of the suggested system are justified.
Methods and Tasks Used Within the Communicative Approach to Teach Vocabulary at Language Lessons (Using the Example of Chinese Lessons)
Authors: Antipieva Irina
Published: January 2022

The current approach to teaching foreign languages draws particular attention to the issues of multileveled linguistic competence, its building-up and teacher’s choice of teaching methods and educational materials. The article examined a number of tasks both situation-dependent and truly communicative aimed at introduction, drilling and learning vocabulary. Collaborative learning and interactive learning methods outline the tasks to be used at language lessons to teach various aspects of lexis. Different variants of tasks including the ones with projects, presentations in small groups are under consideration. We also provided some examples and tips of making language tasks an integrative part of a lesson. The particular attention is drawn to the organizational aspect of practical tasks. Both creativity in fulfilling exercises and play-and-train forms of learning are studied through the orientation at building-up learner’s compensative competence and perspective thinking. We analyzed a teacher’s role was analyzed as a tutor in educational process. The study provides a number of variants of interactive tasks to be implemented at practical lessons in Chinese as well as possibilities of making them a part of any language class.
Features of Formation of Multinational Work Teams in Modern International Companies
Authors: Solodkov Michael
Published: January 2022

At the present time the role of management based on modern achievements of management theory and practice is constantly increasing. At the present stage of management development, one of the most promising directions is not only the improvement of personnel management, but also the development of practical models and management schemes that allow using individual propensities and qualities of the employee. Improving human resources management in international companies is becoming particularly important. These companies represent the basis of mechanism of modern global economy. International economic relations are constantly getting stronger which increases the need to foster international staff members within transnational corporations. At the same time most of such companies address these issues without any well-established models which would ensure positive results. The correct choice of human resources management strategy in an organization determines the company’s success in general. The article examined the experience of international companies in training personnel and creating multinational teams, defined the methods to systematize the work on the creation and development of multinational work teams in existing global companies regardless of the country and industry affiliation of such companies.
Formation and Implementation of a Tourist Destination Development Strategy Based on Territorial Marketing Conception
Authors: Polyakova Nina , Zaleshin Vitalii , Polyakov Vladimir , Wang Xu
Published: January 2022

The article examines and estimates the possibility of applying the conception of territorial marketing when planning and managing the development of tourist destination. In real terms, territorial marketing recognizes branding as a key element of territory promotion. Branding of destinations, being well-developed in theory, is widely applied. Since 2003, China has introduced a system of touristic sites classification that ranks destinations from the lowest A-level to the highest 5A. The latter marks a site as world famous landmark, which means a considerable increase in tourist flow. In the run-up to the Winter Olympics, winter sports and tourism are gaining popularity in China. International Tourism Investment Association operates a winter sports center in Heilongjiang Province. Following the increasing demand for winter tourism services, the company has decided to implement a development strategy for Finshuishan Mountain Winter Sports Center to raise the destination to 5A-level. The project involved working out a program of a complex territorial marketing strategy, and operationally, the goal has been achieved. However, due to formal reasons, namely, the COVID-19 pandemic, the Winter Sports Center cannot be classified as 5A.
Creative Economy as a Key Element of Sustainable Territorial Development
Authors: Astafyev Sergey , Khomkalov Gennadiy , Tolstoukhova Ilona
Published: January 2022

The structure of the revenue side of the budget in the Russian Federation has been undergoing changes in recent years. If earlier, during the Soviet Union, the budget was mainly funded through tax revenues from industrial enterprises and sale of various raw materials for export. Later for several decades in various regions of the country, most industrial enterprises did not function, and people who previously worked in them began to work for small business or moved to other regions. In these conditions, funding the budget and raising the standard of living of the public was only possible through the development of non-production sectors of the economy. The article used empirical research methods such as analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, etc. to review available research, and firsthand experience of the authors of the article who developed creative spaces within the framework of various competitions held by the Agency strategic initiatives to promote new projects. In the past few years, support for industries related to the so-called creative economy has been gaining weight at the federal level.
The article analyzed multiple publications on the topic and provided a rationale for the influence of non-productive creative sectors of the economy on the development of regions. In particular, due to the development of the tourism industry, the Baikal region has every chance of stable economic growth. As an example, there is project to develop rural tourism in the Republic of Buryatia as part of the competition for tourist and recreational territories, held in the Russian Federation in 2020 by the Agency for Strategic Initiatives, is given. Based on the study and the experience gained from participating in the development of tourist and recreational sector, we suggest that there is a possibility of increasing the budgetary, commercial and social efficiency of the development of territories by supporting creative industries.
Tourist Accommodation as a Special Type of Accommodation in Tourism
Authors: Suranova Oksana
Published: January 2022

Residential premises used for the tourist accommodation and temporary accommodation along with traditional accommodation facilities (hotels, hostels, etc.) form the infrastructure of tourist accommodation. The lack of a unified approach to the designation of these premises in international and Russian regulatory documents leads to the fact that different terminology is used in scientific and business turnover. A critical analysis of the terms allowed the author to identify three approaches to the designation of residential premises used for the tourist accommodation and temporary residence, which emphasize the contemporary aspects of the functioning of residential premises used for the tourist accommodation and temporary residence. Firstly, these residential premises are considered as facilities, objects of tourist accommodation, that is, «regularly or occasionally providing places for overnight stops», secondly, they are considered as residential premises, and thirdly, they are referred to as «airbnb objects», since most of these objects are presented on online booking platforms [1; 2]. The involvement of residential premises in the tourism sector allows us to speak about a special type of accommodation facilities for tourists for which the author proposes to use the term «tourist accommodation».
Empirical Research on Individual Psychological Characteristics of the Rehabilitation Capacity of People with Chemical Dependence in the Period of Youth and Adulthood
Authors: Karnakova Natalia , Vorontsova Evgeniya
Published: January 2022

The article reflects the ideas about the rehabilitation capacity and components as potentially important in overcoming the disease. Based on the analysis of theoretical and empirical studies, the components of the rehabilitation capacity were identified, revealing the features of the course of the disease of people with chemical dependence in different age groups. The study reflects the results based on the diagnosis of rehabilitators of two age groups: young and mature age, undergoing the social rehabilitation in five structural divisions of the regional state institution "Rehabilitation Center for Drug Addicts "Volya". On the basis of the obtained empirical data, the ratio of the components of the rehabilitation capacity in young and mature age is shown. The specificity of the rehabilitation capacity of chemical addicts in different age groups is noted. The analysis of age differences in the rehabilitation capacity is carried out, the features of the components depending on the age are revealed. It is shown that people with chemical dependence have a low and average level of rehabilitation capacity, therefore, a development program of the identified components is proposed.
Destructive Phenomena in the Youth Environment as an Object of Criminological Research
Authors: Aglyamova Gulnaz , Kharisova Elvira
Published: January 2022

The effectiveness of the prevention of destructive phenomena in the youth environment is impossible without conducting comprehensive criminological studies. This study analyzes the current situation with destructive phenomena in the youth environment, and the relationship of organized, recidivist crime with youth crime is under consideration. The article examines in detail the concepts of "destructive behavior", "destructive phenomena in the youth environment". The authors’ aim is to propose the ways to prevent destructive phenomena among young people. In addition the article examines the characteristics and structure of the personality of young people who are attracted to destructive phenomena. The questions of attracting young people to various terrorist, extremist and unauthorized organizations are investigated; the relationship of these phenomena with social negative background phenomena. The authors emphasize the need to strengthen educational measures, such as the prevention of destructive behaviors among young people.
By using the dialectical-materialistic methodology, the study on the processes of determination of destructive phenomena in the youth environment was carried out. In the course of the study, the main scientific methods are: system-structural, statistical, system analysis method. The regulatory legal acts, statistical data and opinions of the scientists have been analyzed in this area.
Application of Information Technologies in Students Individual Studies Management
Authors: Dovydenko Vera , Melgunova Anastasia
Published: January 2022

The topicality of the study is explained by the inevitability and necessity of including information and digital technologies in the process of education at all levels. The aim of the article was to analyze information and digital technologies as applied in students' individual studies management in general, and in teaching ESOL — in particular. The authors examined the role of individual study as part of the educational process, showed the importance of its correct and effective management, and identified the contemporary issues that teachers and students have to face. Having studied the most up-to-date information and digital technologies and analyzed their applicability in teaching ESOL, the authors proposed a ready-to-use list of the most interesting, effective and user-friendly resources, services, and software products as classified according to the levels of students’ individual study organization.
Improvement of the Adaptive Properties of the National Financial Market to Respond the Globalization Risks
Authors: Loktionov Vadim , Loktionova Elena
Published: January 2022

In the era of globalization the issues of ensuring economic and national security are still relevant for discussion. Financial markets, being one of the driving forces for the global economic development, are sensitive to changes in the socio-economic and political situations. In the rapidly changing world, the security of the national financial market can be ensured by increasing its adaptability, which is, in the general case, the market ability to adapt to stressful events, while working in adverse conditions. The article discusses the features of the national financial market in the context of financial globalization. Using the complex adaptive theory, the main ways of the national financial market development to enhance its adaptability are presented.
Keywords. Globalization, financial market, financial security, financial market adaptability, institutional environment.
Principles of Construction and Mathematical Models of the Formation of a Solidarity Fund in an Alternative Old-Age Pension System
Authors: Ovanesyan Sergey
Published: January 2022

The basic principles of the formation of a solidary fund in the suggested old-age pension system are to establish the minimum length of service according to which a citizen has the right to an old-age pension, the implementation into the pension calculation system of the indicator "share deducted to a solidary fund" from each transfer to the personal account of the employee, so that by retirement at the age of 60 and working experience of 38 years, the pension amount was exactly equal to the amount of wages used in calculations. With a decrease in the length of service, the pension amount is reduced according to a certain rule. To implement these principles, appropriate mathematical models have been built that allow to calculate the amount of accumulated pension capital, own pension, accumulated amounts in the solidary fund, the total amount in the pension fund, etc., with any work experience, the amount of wages. Complex calculations were performed using the parameters that have developed in the practice of today. The results of the calculations are presented in tables with the corresponding comments.
The Analytical Review of Foreign Studies on the Impact of Taxation on Corporate Investment
Authors: Belomyttseva Olga
Published: January 2022

The article provides an overview of foreign studies, mainly American ones, on the impact of tax policy on corporate investment. The research revealed the positive impact of maneuvering tax rates and tax incentives on investments in the corporate sector. At the macro level, special attention is paid to the Laffer curve and its modern applications. The possible use of the King - Fullerton model, as well as the active use of regression analysis in its various variations, are analyzed at the micro level. Besides, the taxation of income from investors' capital, including taxes on dividends, capital gains, and income from bonds are the ussies under analysis. The article also pointed out the complexity of tax systems in most countries, the importance of tax competition between different countries, the impact of tax policy on the structure as well as the cost of capital of companies. The authors identify the areas for further research at the macro and micro levels, emphasizing the lack of such research for developing countries and the need for the study of «natural experiments».
Русскоязычная версия Шкалы оценки самоэффективности психологов-консультантов и психотерапевтов
Authors: Кисельникова (Волкова Н.В. , Альмухаметова Т.Н. , Данина М.М. , Куминская Е.А. , Лаврова Е.В. , Крашенинников Д.Э. , Поджио В.А.
Published: January 2022

В литературе представлены данные о связи самоэффективности психолога-консультанта (психотерапевта) с его профессиональной и образовательной успешностью. При использовании имеющихся шкал оценки самоэффективности возникают проблемы, связанные с самооценкой навыков по решению консультативных задач разного уровня сложности специалистами разного уровня подготовки. Отсутствует русскоязычный инструмент оценки самоэффективности психолога-консультанта (психотерапевта). Авторы разработали русскоязычный инструмент по измерению самоэффективности в трех областях деятельности психолога-консультанта (психотерапевта): навыки предпрактической подготовки, навыки по управлению сессией, навыки по управлению сложными клиническими ситуациями. Исследование включало следующие этапы: 1) перевод и адаптацию опросника Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales (CASES — Шкала самоэффективности консультанта); 2) проверку надежности-согласованности и структуры шкал в переведенном опроснике при помощи методов математической статистики; 3) проверку валидности при помощи опросника эмоционального интеллекта Д.В. Люсина, опросника эмпатии Дэвиса в адаптации Т.Д. Ка­ря­гиной, Н.В. Кухтовой и шкалы позитивного и негативного аффекта (ШПАНА) в адаптации Е.Н. Осина. Выборку исследования составили 412 практикующих психотерапевтов и психологов-консультантов. Получен­ные результаты сопоставимы с данными по оригинальной версии опросника CASES и позволяют говорить о конструктной валидности русскоязычной Шкалы самоэффективности. Разработанный опросник может быть использован для оценки самоэффективности русскоязычных психологов-консультантов (психотерапевтов). Полученный опросник позволяет решать следующие практические и теоретические задачи: мониторинг естественного прогресса в консультировании обучающихся, изучение факторов, способствующих повышению самоэффективности психологов-консультантов (психотерапевтов), исследование степени варьирования оценок самоэффективности в зависимости от конкретных клиентских случаев.
Установки приверженности масочному режиму российских респондентов в период пандемии COVID-19
Authors: Падун М.А. , Белова С.С. , Нестик Т.А.
Published: January 2022

Статья представляет эмпирическое исследование установок российских респондентов в отношении масочного режима в начале второй волны пандемии COVID-19 (октябрь 2020 г.; N = 884). Представлен оригинальный опросник из 7 шкал установок приверженности, определяющих следование масочному режиму. Структура установок наилучшим образом описывалась иерархической моделью с общим фактором установки приверженности, тремя факторами установок второго порядка в отношении «дискомфорта в связи с масками», «угрозы COVID-19 для себя и других», «рациональной оценки пандемии COVID-19», 7 факторами частных установок по опроснику. Их составили: 1) про­со­циаль­ность; 2) толерантность к физическому дискомфорту; 3) страх за себя и близких; 4) ан­ти­конспи­рологи­ческая установка в отношении COVID-19; 5) комфортность общения в маске; 6) принятие огра­ничений индивидуальной свободы; 7) устойчивость самооценки. Выяв­лено, что частные установки значимо дифференцировали группы респондентов, различавшихся соблюдением масочного режима и мотивами его неустойчивого со­блюдения. Описаны социально-демографические различия в установках и приверженности масочному режиму. Показано, что на уровне установок мужчины менее ориентированы на соблюдение масочного режима: в сравнении с женщинами они менее просоциальны, ассоциируют ношение масок с проявлением слабости, приуменьшают угрозу COVID-19 для себя и близких, менее толерантны к физическому дискомфорту в связи с масками. В за­ключение обсуждается проблема одномерности самоотчетов об установках приверженности режиму ношения масок. Де­лается вывод о центральной роли просоциальности как установки на необходимость заботы о здоровье других людей. Обозна­ча­ются направления для разработки практических рекомендаций по поддержке приверженности ограничительным мерам при COVID-19 для отдельных групп респондентов.
Intracardial perfusion of the African turquoise killifish v1
Authors: Mariën Valerie , Van houcke Jolien , Arckens Lutgarde
Published: January 2022

This perfusion protocol is essential for preserving tissue morphology in order to perform good quality immunohistochemical stainings. Here, we show you how we perform our perfusions on the African turquoise killifish. This protocol was already used in the following publications: Aging impairs the essential contributions of non-glial progenitors to neurorepair in the dorsal telencephalon of the Killifish Nothobranchius furzeri - PubMed (nih.gov) Single-cell sequencing of the adult killifish (N. furzeri) brain identifies an atypical progenitor, glial and neuronal heterogeneity | bioRxiv
[RETRACTED] Cannaleafz CBD Gummies Canada Reviews [Risk Warnings] - Updated Price $39.97 Today v1
Authors: not provided health
Published: January 2022

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Test protocol v1
Authors: Frolova Monika
Published: January 2022

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[RETRACTED] Natura Supps Ultimate Keto – Melt all layers of soluble fat of the body! Review v1
Authors: Supps Ultimate Keto Natura
Published: January 2022

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Rapid, high throughput library preparation of SARS-CoV2 using Illumina’s DNA Prep Library Preparation Kit v1
Authors: Nguyen Jason , Hickman Rebecca , Lee Tracy , Prystajecky Natalie , Tyson John
Published: January 2022

This procedure provides instructions on how to prepare DNA libraries for whole genome sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq or NextSeq using Illumina’s DNA Prep Library Preparation Kit scaled to half reaction volumes with modifications to the post-PCR procedures; tagmentation stop buffer and associated washes are removed and libraries are pooled post PCR then a single size selection is performed.
The Road and Belt Initiative in Malaysia: Challenges and Recommendations
Authors:   History Section School of Distance Education Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Penang, Dar Ku Boon , Seng Tan Chee ,   History Section School of Distance Education Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Penang
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT In recent years, China has expanded its relations with other nations through the Belt and Road Initiative. This initiative was formally introduced after it was launched in 2013 by President Xi Jinping. It comprises two components, namely, the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative, both of which aim to stimulate the acceleration of economic growth in Asia, Africa and Europe. This research attempts to provide a detailed review of the execution of this initiative through empirical studies based on qualitative analysis, which are closely related to BRI implementation in Malaysia. The focus of this research, however, is not limited to studying the viewpoints of leaders and scholars on the initiative; rather, it will also attempt to discuss theBRI’s progress and the obstacles encountered to date from the political aspects of both China and Malaysia. By identifying the potential challenges to come, this research will prove to be significant, as it proposes some comprehensive measures to address and forestall any setbacks that may arise, which may affect the implementation of the BRI between the two nations. Keywords: Belt and Road Initiative (BRI); Malaysia–China relations; Silk Road; China–ASEAN relations; Maritime Silk Road A
RADIATION PROTECTION IN MEDICINE
Authors: Faraj Kharman
Published: January 2022

Ionizing radiation was used in medicine broadly after the X-ray detection by Roentgen in 1895 and now has the main rule in diagnosis and treatment. Using radiation in diagnostic and therapy is beneficial for many people every day in the world; on the other hand, the radiation can penetrate the human body then make biological effects, minimize its deleterious effects, and balance between the benefit of the radiation and the risk should exist. 

During the practices, patients and medical staff may expose to radiation. Many national and international organizations have been worked to avoid overdose exposure to the patients and the staff through the important three keys, justification, optimization, and limitations. However, in some countries, mostly in developing countries, the medical staffs have little or no training in radiation protection. It was estimated that more than 90% using of ionizing radiation in medicine done by radiographers and radiological technologists. Their expertise, skill, care, and information can help them determine the allowable amount of radiation to the patients and protect themselves. 

Despite all the rules established by all organizations, insistence and confirmation for applying the rules in all diagnostic and radiotherapy departments at hospitals are necessary, especially in developing countries, to avoid unnecessary exposure to the patients and the staff. In addition, education, knowledge on the effects of the radiation, and traineeship of the medical staff involved in the diagnostic and treatment procedures are essential for the patient and medical staffs’ protection.
INVESTIGATION OF COMMON CONSTITUENTS OF FERULAGO ABBREVIATA C.C. (TOWN)
Authors: Maaruf Fenk , Ahmed Firdus , Hassan Enas
Published: January 2022

Background 

Ferulago abbreviata C.C. (town) is one of 35 genus Ferulago (family of Apiaceae). The other species of this plant are used for different medical purposes in different countries because they have many components. Ferulago abbreviata grows and develops between June and August at the top of mountains.

Objectives 

To identify the common constituents of alcoholic extract of Ferulago abbreviata.

Materials and Methods

After collecting and preparing the plant extract, different reagents and HPLC techniques are used to identify the constituents of this plant.

Results

Many ingredients were identified, such as (phenolic acid, flavonoid, tannin, and glycoside); besides them also there is a percentage of components that were found in the volatile oil of the plant, similar to other studies. Ferulago abbreviata has many constituents, and some of them are found at a high percentage while others are found in a lower percentage compared to other species. 

Conclusion

Ferulago abbreviata C.C. (town) has many components that can be applied in medicine.
THE EFFECT OF TOPICAL STEROID AND ORAL GABAPENTIN IN THE TREATMENT OF CAPECITABINE INDUCE HAND FOOT SYNDROME AMONG CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Hassan Harez , Mohammed Mohammed
Published: January 2022

Background 

Cancer patients facing many complications during treatments, such as oral Mucositis, neuropathy, and chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea. Unique toxicities can accompany Specific routes of administration of colon cancer drugs such as hand-foot syndrome.

Objectives 

To study the effects of topical steroids and oral gabapentin in treating capecitabine induce hand-foot syndrome among cancer patients.

Patients and Methods

A total of 50 patients diagnosed with hand-foot syndrome attended in Hiwa cancer hospital in Sulaimani-Iraq, who met the inclusion criteria, were enrolled in the current study from august 2019-February 2020. patient’s characteristics, concomitant drugs Used, any other diseases were recorded in a questionnaire designed for the study. Grading of the hand-foot syndrome and its severity of presentation is done by Using NCI-CTCAE (National Cancer Institute - Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) and WHO (World Health Organization) and associated histologic findings. In addition, the quality of Life of the Patients was evaluated by using RAND 36-item short forming survey (SF36); The DN4 scale measured the neuropathy of Patients.

Results

The grades of the hand-foot syndrome after treatment were significantly improved compared to pretreatment (p-value; ≥0.001). Moreover, it changed the frequency of hand-foot syndrome by using topical steroids (clobetasol 0.05%), gabapentin, or both. 

Conclusion

The study showed a statistically significant improvement in grades of the hand-foot syndrome of participants and increasing quality of life through using topical Steroids and gabapentin.
FREQUENCY OF SEIZURE IN SURGICALLY MANAGED DEPRESSED SKULL FRACTURE IN SULAYMANIYAH CITY
Authors: Othman Zana , Nadhimd Ari , Salih Ari
Published: January 2022

Background 

Depressed skull fracture (DSF) is one of the conditions which results from various types of trauma in which the outer table of the depressed part lies beneath the line of the inner table. It can be treated conservatively or surgically according to some set of indications. One of its complications is a seizure.

Objectives 

Our study tried to find the frequency of seizures in patients who sustained a depressed skull fracture and were surgically treated.

Patients and Methods 

A retrospective observational study was conducted in Sulaymaniyah hospitals. Forty eight patients were enrolled in it with male to female ratio of 4.3:1. There were 7 patients who developed seizure, five had immediate seizure and 2 had late seizure. Those with late seizure were placed on antiepileptic drugs (AED).

Results

The position of depressed skull fracture (DSF), statistically, showed significant association with the time of seizure regardless of its type (P-value 0.009), there were also significant association between the presence of dural tear and associated brain injury with seizure type, (P- value= 0.041and 0.036) respectively.

Conclusion

The frequency of developing seizures after DSF was 14.59% regardless of its type.
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF MICROALBUMINURIA IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Abdulwahab Omed , Rasul Rasul
Published: January 2022

Background 

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Microalbuminuria is considered an early stage of diabetic nephropathy, as it is a predictor of cardiovascular disease among diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.

Objectives 

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients.

Patients and Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out at diabetes & endocrine clinic in Faruk Medical City - Sulaimanya from Feb. 2018 to Feb. 2019. Overall, 211 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included. The patients were investigated & assessed for presence or absence of microalbuminuria by using Urine- Albumin-Creatinine Ratio (ACR) and for associated risk factors including {Age, Gender, Duration of diabetes mellitus (DM), fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, presence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking, types of DM treatment and renal function}.

Results

The Prevalence of microalbuminuria was 27.01%. Significant differences were found regarding mean age (56.75 vs. 53.95) (P=0.05), duration of diabetes (9.44 vs. 7.10 years) (P=<0.002), hypertension (P=0.003), the mean serum triglyceride (TG) level, (223.05 vs. 167.72) (P= 0.001) and HbA1c (P=0.006) in patients with microalbuminuria as compared to patients with normoalbuminuria respectively. However, there was no significant statistical correlation with the other variables, including gender, BMI, smoking, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), type of DM treatment, and renal function.

Conclusion

Microalbuminuria is a common problem in type 2 diabetic patients. Advanced age, hypertension, poor glycemic control, long duration of diabetes, and serum triglyceride were risk factors for developing microalbuminuria.
QUALITY OF LIFE OF PEDIATRIC CANCER PATIENTS UNDERGOING CANCER THERAPY IN SULAIMANI CITY, IRAQ (PATIENT’S REPORT)
Authors: Tahir Bahez , Majeed Bahar
Published: January 2022

Background 

Assessing the quality of life has become an essential aspect in the treatment of pediatric cancer patients. Previously studies concerning this issue were limited but nowadays increased; the literature has shown that the quality of life of children and adolescents is negatively affected by cancer disease and its treatment.

Objectives 

To assess the quality of life of pediatric cancer patients receiving cancer therapy at Hiwa Cancer Hospital in Sulaimani City according to patients’ reports.

Patients and Methods

A Quantitative-descriptive design has been carried out on (110) pediatric patients who received cancer therapy. Data was collected using standard quality of life inventory 4.0. Data analyzed using statistical package of social science version (24).

Results

According to the patients’ report, the main findings in the present study are that the quality of life among pediatric cancer patients was at a reasonable level (64.54±10.02). The social function domain got the highest score with equaled (76.04 %); physical function domain (60.28 %), the emotional function domain (63.31%), and the lowest domain was school function (58.30 %).

Conclusion

The social and emotional function domains in the quality of life of pediatric cancer patients were good levels in which patients rarely have a problem. At the same time, physical and school functioning got an acceptable level in which patients sometimes have a problem.
CORRELATION OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIATIONS WITH STAGING OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA PATIENTS IN THE KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ
Authors: Safar Banaz , Abdullah Basil , Shamoon Rawand , Hassan Mohammed , Mohammed Akram , Yassin Ahmed , Khoshnaw Najmaddin
Published: January 2022

Background  Multiple myeloma is a malignant proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells that produces monoclonal proteins. It is one of the most frequently diagnosed haematological malignancies. Objectives  To explore the epidemiologic and demographic characteristics of multiple myeloma patients in this area and to study their relationship with the stage of the disease. Subject and Methods In this retrospective study, 176 multiple myeloma patients from the three governorates of the Iraqi Kurdistan region were diagnosed from June 2013 to December 2018. Their demographic and clinical characteristics and their laboratory and radiological results were analyzed and correlated with the disease stage. Results The patients’ median age at diagnosis was 61 years with a range of 35-89 years. The male to female ratio was 1.37:1. The majority of patients were of low social status from the urban areas. Bone pain was the most common presenting symptom encountered in 79% of patients. At the time of diagnosis, anaemia, pathological fractures, renal impairment, and infections were encountered in 62.55%, 21%, 19.9%, and 4.5%, respectively. At the time of diagnosis, 50.6% of the patients had stage II disease, 36.9% had stage III, and 12.5% had stages I disease. The demographic features did not have any significant relation with the stage of the disease. Conclusion Multiple myeloma patients in our locality are younger than what has been so far reported from the western world. Half of our cases presented with stage II disease.
SEVERE ENCEPHALITIS IN AN INFANT WITH COVID-19: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Sofijanova Aspazija , Jordanova Olivera , Hivi Khalaf
Published: January 2022

Encephalitis is a severe condition that consists of neurological dysfunction caused by inflammation of the brain tissue. Etiological factors for the occurrence of this condition include infectious and non-infectious causes.

CASE REPORT 

A nine-month-old infant was referred to the hospital in a convulsive state, fever, and disturbed consciousness to the hospital objectives. From anamnestic information, the infant has been febrile for two days with protracted vomiting started just before admission at the hospital. At admission, the infant looked toxic with fever, shortness of breath, weak reaction to painful stimuli, and generalized tonic-clonic convulsions. He was admitted to the Isolation Unit by the protocol of the hospital. Laboratory investigations were done. Due to the persistence of the seizure, a CT scan of the brain was performed. It was showing dilated lateral ventricles, with intraventricular masses and pronounced internal hydrocephalus. The results of SARS-COV-2 from the infant were positive as well as the grandmother. The infant was intubated immediately and put on mechanical ventilation SIPPV.

Conclusion

SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause severe clinical symptoms, neurological manifestations, and encephalitis in infants.
Evaluation of the Effect of Nitrofurantoin Paste as an Intracanal Medicament on the Chemical Structure of Radicular Dentine
Authors: Abdulrahman Mewan , Faraj Bestoon , Dizaye Kawa
Published: January 2022

Objective: To investigate the effects of a new intracanal medicament (nitrofurantoin paste) on radicular dentin's chemical structure compared with modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP).  

Methods: A total of 9 extracted human maxillary canine teeth were used. After cutting the crowns, the root length was standardized to 15 mm. Three 5 mm root cylinders (coronal, middle, and apical) thirds were obtained. Each cylinder was then sectioned longitudinally across the root canal's maximum diameter, resulting in six half-root specimens; two coronal halves, two middle halves, and two apical halves. Then each specimen was divided into three groups. Group 1: 25mg/mL Nit paste, Group 2: 25mg/mL MTAP, and Group 3: (Untreated). Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) with a diamond attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory was used to obtain infrared spectra to analyze dentin specimens. The data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test, and significant differences were used for statistical analyses.     

Results: Dentin thirds treated with MTAP had a lower phosphate/amide I ratio (p < 0.05) than Nit paste compared with the untreated group. Moreover, the phosphate/amide I ratio was highest in the apical third and decreased to the lowest value in the coronal third. The differences among all three-thirds were statistically significant.

Conclusions: According to the current study results, at the concentration of (25 mg/mL), nitrofurantoin paste minimizes the reduction of phosphate/amide I ratio of the radicular dentine compared with the 25mg/mL MTAP.
The predictive value indicators of first trimester biochemical screening in assessing unfavorable factors of pregnancy course in women with HIV as well as hepatitis B and C
Authors: Pseush S. Yu. , Zozulya L. V. , Mikhaleva L. L.
Published: January 2022

Aim: to find out the predictive value of blood serum biochemical parameters PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein A) and β-hCG (beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin) in the assessment of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes in women infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as viral hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV).

Materials and Methods. A retrospective study of the medical records from 52 women was carried out, including 19 HIV-infected women, 9 women with monoinfection HBV or HCV, 11 pregnant women who were co-infected (HIV/HBV or HIV/HCV) and 13 uninfected women. PAPP-A and β-hCG levels, expressed as MoM (multiple of median), were evaluated in all women.

Results. Our study revealed that only PAPP-A was prognostically significant for developing chronic placental insufficiency in women with HIV infection and co-infection of HIV together hepatitis B and C. None of the parameters examined were significant in women with HBV or HCV monoinfection. PAPP-A and β-hCG in pregnant women without infections were effective in predicting development of chronic placental insufficiency.

Conclusion. PAPP-A can be used as a diagnostic parameter of developing chronic placental insufficiency in pregnant women with monoinfection HIV and co-infection with HIV/HBV or HIV/HCV.