bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Event Structure vs. Stage Structure and Abstract Aspectual Relations
Authors: Caudal Patrick , Roussarie Laurent
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Aspect (2000)
From Imperfective to Progressive via Relative Present
Authors: Maslova Elena
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Aspect (2000)
Imperfective Aspect and Event Participants in English, Chinese, Korean and Japanese
Authors: Du Juliet Wai-hong
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Aspect (2000)
Linguistic vs. Metalinguistic Intuitions
Authors: Prince Ellen F.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Aspect (2000)
On the Topicalizing Nature of Multiple Left-dislocations
Authors: Casielles-Suárez Eugenia
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Aspect (2000)
Probability in Phonological Generalizations: Modeling French Optional Final Consonants
Authors: Bergen Benjamin K.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Aspect (2000)
The Distribution of French Raising Constructions
Authors: Achard Michel
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Aspect (2000)
What is American English /l/ Really?
Authors: Guenter Josh
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Aspect (2000)
Aleut Number Agreement
Authors: Sadock Jerrold M.
Published: July 2015

n/a
Argument Structure of Klamath Bipartite Stems
Authors: DeLancey Scott
Published: July 2015

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Demonstrative words in Passamaquoddy equative constructions
Authors: Ng Eve
Published: July 2015

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Gesture, Information Flow, and NP Form
Authors: Kumpf Lorraine E.
Published: July 2015

n/a
Modification of the Noun in Somali: Comparative Evidence from other Cushitic languages
Authors: Bendjaballah Sabrina , Cabredo Hofherr Patricia
Published: July 2015

No abstract available.
Prosodic and Gestural Cues for Navigations around Mental Space
Authors: Luchjenbroers June
Published: July 2015

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What Do Speech-Gesture Mismatches Reveal about Speech and Gesture Integration? A Comparison of English and Turkish
Authors: Özyürek Asli
Published: July 2015

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New Perspectives on the Cushitic Verbal System
Authors: Banti Giorgio
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: Special Session on Afroasiatic Languages (2001)
The Middle in Cushitic Languages
Authors: Mous Maarten
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: Special Session on Afroasiatic Languages (2001)
Segmental Effects on (De)gemination in Western Gurage
Authors: O’Bryan Todd , Rose Sharon
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: Special Session on Afroasiatic Languages (2001)
Contact Induced Variation and Syntactic Change in the Tsat of Hainan
Authors: Thurgood Graham , Li Fengxiang
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: Special Session on Tibeto-Burman and Southeast Asian Linguistics (2002)
Nominalization, Relativization, Genitivization in Thulung Rai
Authors: Lahaussois Aimée
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: Special Session on Tibeto-Burman and Southeast Asian Linguistics (2002)
Relativization and Nominalization in Bodic
Authors: DeLancey Scott
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: Special Session on Tibeto-Burman and Southeast Asian Linguistics (2002)
Phonological Contrast and Phonetics in Manchu Vowel Systems
Authors: Dresher B. Elan , Zhang Xi
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Rethinking ‘Thinking for Speaking’
Authors: Pourcel Stéphanie
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
The Causatives in Sun Hongkai’s Anong: Language Death and Rapid Restructuring
Authors: Thurgood Graham
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
The Meanings of Consonants
Authors: Kelly Barbara F. , Leben William R. , Cohen Robert H.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
The Status of the Morpheme in Georgian Verbal Morphology
Authors: Gurevich Olga
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
WANT TO/WANNA: Verbal Polysemy versus Constructional Compositionality
Authors: Desagulier Guillaume
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
A Bipartite Verb Stem Outlier in Eurasia: Nakh-Daghestanian
Authors: Nichols Johanna
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
A Study of the Speaking Fundamental Frequency Characteristics and Perceived Pitch Characteristics of Black and White Women
Authors: Gaskins Nicole
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Accepting Markednesslessness: How Non-Phonological Symbolic Computation Shapes Trends in Attested Phonological Systems
Authors: Reiss Charles
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Another Look at Australia as a Linguistic Area
Authors: Bowern Claire
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Children’s Unnatural Phonology
Authors: Buckley Eugene
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Constraints on Synaesthesia
Authors: Shibuya Yoshikata , Nozawa Hajme
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Differential Coding, Partial Blocking, and Bidirectional OT
Authors: Aissen Judith
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Functional Specialization in Tone Perception: Evidence from Dichotic Listening in Yalálag Zapotec
Authors: Avelino Heriberto
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Markedness and the Phonetic Implementation of Tone in North Kyungsang Korean
Authors: Idsardi William J. , Chang Woohyeok
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Morphologically Motivated Prosodic and Metrical Structures
Authors: Kim Eun-Sook
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Multiple Questions in Basque
Authors: Jeong Youngmi
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Nominal and Adjectival Roots in North Saami Verbs
Authors: Julien Marit
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Patterns of Semantic Harmonization in English: The Case of May Well
Authors: Shibasaki Reijirou
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Anti-Homophony Effects in Dakelh (Carrier) Valence Morphology
Authors: Gessner Suzanne , Hansson Gunnar Ólafur
Published: July 2015

In Dakelh (Carrier), as in many other Athapaskan languages, valence prefixes and “inner subject” prefixes interact in a complex pattern involving a combination of consonant deletion and/or fusion and, in certain conditions, what looks like epenthesis. In this paper we investigate this apparent epenthesis effect, which is otherwise unexpected in this environment in Dakelh and is problematic in several aspects (Gessner 2003). We propose that the epenthesis should be understood as an anti-homophony effect (Crosswhite 1999, Blevins 2004a, b) serving to systematically maintain a surface distinction between paradigmatically related forms differing in valence. We demonstrate how the anti-homophony effect is best understood in a diachronic-evolutionary context rather than a synchronicphonological one: “epenthesis” is really the blocking of syncope (as a regular historical sound change). The account constitutes a striking parallel to the explanation of so-called antigemination effects as the result of syncope blocking through homophony avoidance, as proposed by Blevins (2004a, b).
Conceptual Manipulation and Semantic Distinctions in Mandarin Verb Complements: The Contrast between shàng and dào
Authors: Hsiao Hui-Chen Sabrina
Published: July 2015

This study investigates the lexicalization of spatial and aspectual components incorporated in Mandarin verb complements (VCs hereafter) shàng ‘up’ and dào ‘arrive’. The verb complement in Mandarin is well-known as the second verbal element in VV construction. Traditionally, V-shàng and V-dào are categorized as ‘directional complements’ and ‘phase complements’ respectively (Chao 1968; Li and Thompson 1981). Both VCs shàng and dào, originally functioning as a main verb (Gao 1995), are similar to the counterpart ‘up/on/above/over’ and ‘arrive/ reach’ in English; they have various usages, such as in verb phrases, and prepositional phrases, for example. Although there is no doubt that shàng and dào are poly-functional, it seems that there is no agreement on to what extent particular uses are related to one another. Most of the previous studies focus on the spatial meanings lexicalized in noun phrases and postpositions; they provide explanations based on a metaphorical approach or cultural values. However, such accounts cannot entirely explain the main function of the post-verbal comple- ments shàng and dào in VV construction. In this paper, I explore the subtle distinctions between the satellites shàng and dào, and provide an explanatory account for their seemingly diverse functions from a cognitive approach. Moreover, this paper aims to offer another perspective on the conceptual properties of spatial and aspectual notions embodied in these two verb complements, and verify evidence that Mandarin treats five framing events as a single conceptual entity. The organization of this paper is as follows. A brief literature review and the theoretical framework are presented in section 1. In section 2, the data involved the verb complements shàng and dào are introduced. In section 3, based on Talmy’s (2000) framework and framing event types, I discuss several examples and account for how aspectual and spatial concepts are explicitly expressed in shàng and dào regarding different framing event types. Section 4 shows a summary of findings and conclusion.
Conceptual Manipulation and Semantic Distinctions in Mandarin Verb Complements: The Contrast between shàng and dào
Authors: Hsiao Hui-Chen Sabrina
Published: July 2015

This study investigates the lexicalization of spatial and aspectual components incorporated in Mandarin verb complements (VCs hereafter) shàng ‘up’ and dào ‘arrive’. The verb complement in Mandarin is well-known as the second verbal element in VV construction. Traditionally, V-shàng and V-dào are categorized as ‘directional complements’ and ‘phase complements’ respectively (Chao 1968; Li and Thompson 1981). Both VCs shàng and dào, originally functioning as a main verb (Gao 1995), are similar to the counterpart ‘up/on/above/over' and ‘arrive/ reach’ in English; they have various usages, such as in verb phrases, and prepositional phrases, for example. Although there is no doubt that shàng and dào are poly-functional, it seems that there is no agreement on to what extent particular uses are related to one another. Most of the previous studies focus on the spatial meanings lexicalized in noun phrases and postpositions; they provide explanations based on a metaphorical approach or cultural values. However, such accounts cannot entirely explain the main function of the post-verbal comple- ments shàng and dào in VV construction. In this paper, I explore the subtle distinctions between the satellites shàng and dào, and provide an explanatory account for their seemingly diverse functions from a cognitive approach. Moreover, this paper aims to offer another perspective on the conceptual properties of spatial and aspectual notions embodied in these two verb complements, and verify evidence that Mandarin treats five framing events as a single conceptual entity. The organization of this paper is as follows. A brief literature review and the theoretical framework are presented in section 1. In section 2, the data involved the verb complements shàng and dào are introduced. In section 3, based on Talmy’s (2000) framework and framing event types, I discuss several examples and account for how aspectual and spatial concepts are explicitly expressed in shàng and dào regarding different framing event types. Section 4 shows a summary of findings and conclusion.
Embodied Verbal Semantics: Evidence from a Lexical Matching Task
Authors: Narayan Shweta , Bergen Benjamin K. , Weinberg Zachary
Published: July 2015

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General Session and Parasession on Conceptual Structure And Cognition In Grammatical Theory
Authors: Ettlinger (ed.) Marc , Fleisher (ed.) Nicholas , Park-Doob (ed.) Mischa
Published: July 2015

The following authors also presented papers at the conference, though their work does not appear in this volume: Michael Barlow, Cedric Boeckx and Norbert Hornstein, Melissa Bowerman, Claire Bowern, Nancy Chang, Gail Coelho, Carrie Gillon, Bruce Hayes, Dan Jurafsky, Alec Marantz, Joyce McDonough, and Laura Siegel. We are pleased to present the proceedings of BLS 30, held at UC Berkeley in February 2004. We would like to thank the contributors to this volume and all those who attended and participated in the conference.
High and Low Applicatives: Evidence from Lai
Authors: Peterson David A.
Published: July 2015

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How Far Likeness Can Go: Grammaticalization of Kath- in Korean
Authors: Rhee Seongha
Published: July 2015

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Iconicity and Viewpoint in Determining Word Order in Japanese Dative Construction
Authors: Iwasaki Noriko , Sadler Misumi
Published: July 2015

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Long-Distance Voicing Agreement: An Evolutionary Perspective
Authors: Hansson Gunnar Ólafur
Published: July 2015

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Malagasy Control and Its Theoretical Implications
Authors: Polinsky Maria , Potsdam Eric
Published: July 2015

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Scope of Negation and Clause Structure in Japanese
Authors: Han Chung-hye , Storoshenko Dennis Ryan , Sakurai Yasuko
Published: July 2015

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The Emergence of Dorsal Stops after High Vowels in Huishu
Authors: Mortensen David
Published: July 2015

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The That’s X is Y Construction as an Information-Structure Amalgam
Authors: Ross-Hagebaum Sebastian
Published: July 2015

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‘We’ll be dead by then!’ – Comical Self-Disclosure by Elderly Japanese Women
Authors: Matsumoto Yoshiko
Published: July 2015

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Divergent Structure in Ogonoid Languages
Authors: Bond Oliver , Anderson Gregory D. S.
Published: July 2015

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Emai's Aspect-Causative Interaction
Authors: Schaefer Ronald P. , Egbokhare Francis O.
Published: July 2015

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Appositive Relatives in Discourse
Authors: Yarnall Emily
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the 4th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1978), pp. 651-657
Consonant Assimilation in Inupiaq Eskimo
Authors: Kaplan Lawrence D.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the 4th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1978), pp. 352-359
Denotative and Connotative Meaning of the ‘Preterite’ and ‘Perfect’ in Bulgarian and English
Authors: Chvany Catherine
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the 4th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1978), pp. 31-42
Grammatical Relations and Word Order in Italian Child Discourse
Authors: Fava Elisabetta
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the 4th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1978), pp. 512-523
Icelandic Word Order: In Support of Drift as a Diachronic Principle Specific to Language Families
Authors: Kossuth Karen C.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the 4th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1978), pp. 446-457
Impersonal Passives and the Unaccusative Hypothesis
Authors: Perlmutter David M.
Published: July 2015

In this paper I give one argument in favor of the advancement analysis of impersonal passives over the demotion analysis. The argument is based on the interaction of this phenomenon with an independently motivated hypothesis about linguistic structure, the Unaccusative Hypothesis.
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens and effects on its life cycle
Authors: Diener S. , Zurbrügg C. , Tockner K.
Published: July 2015

In developing countries, effective waste management strategies are constrained by high collection costs and lack of adequate treatment and disposal options. The organic fraction in particular, which accounts for more than 50% of the waste production, constitutes a great, yet mostly neglected, reuse potential. Concomitantly, the demand for alternative protein sources by the livestock feed industry is sharply increasing. A technology that effectively transforms organic waste into valuable feed is therefore a timely option. Larvae of the non-pest black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), may be used to reduce the mass of organic waste significantly. Concurrently, larval feeding converts organic waste into prepupae (last larval stage) which is high in protein. In combination with a viable market, this potential animal feed may cover the waste collection costs and thus promote innovative, small-scale entrepreneurs to establish a profitable business niche. Organic waste, however, often contains persistent pollutants, such as heavy metals, that may accumulate in the larvae and prepupae of black soldier flies and consequently in the food chain. In this study, we fed black soldier fly larvae chicken feed spiked with heavy metals (cadmium, lead and zinc at three concentrations each) to examine the extent of metal accumulation in the different life stages and the effect of heavy metal concentration in the feed on the life cycle determinants of the flies. The cadmium accumulation factor in prepupae (metal concentration in the body divided by metal concentration in the food) ranged between 2.32 and 2.94; however, the lead concentration remained well below its initial concentration in the feed. The bioaccumulation factor of zinc in prepupae decreased with increasing zinc concentration in the feed (from 0.97 to 0.39). None of the three heavy metal elements had significant effects on the life cycle determinants (prepupal weight, development time, sex ratio).
Being Seen, Being Good: How Observation Influences Driving Habits
Authors: Podjed Dan
Published: July 2015

The article discusses how supervision and observation encourage altruism and prosocial behavior. It focuses on several types of observation: surveillance, sousveillance, peerto-peer surveillance, and self-surveillance. These aspects are analyzed in more detail in a case study of various approaches to encouraging eco-driving.
***
Prispevek ugotavlja, kako nadzorovanje in opazovanje spodbujata altruizem in prosocialno vedenje. Posveti se različnim oblikam opazovanja, in sicer nadzoru od »zgoraj« in »spodaj«, vrstniškemu nadzoru in samonadzoru. Te vidike bolj podrobno obravnava na primeru različnih načinov za spodbujanje eko-vožnje.
Implications of Building Material Choice on Outdoor Microclimate for Sustainable Built Environment
Authors: Kannamma D. , Sundaram A. Meenatchi
Published: July 2015

The climatic conditions in a man-made urban environment may differ appreciably from those in the surrounding natural or rural environs.... each urban man-made buildings, roads, parking area, factories......creates around and above it a modified climate with which it interacts [1].Outdoor thermal comfort has gained importance in thermal comfort studies especially in tropical countries. In country like India, culturally the activities are spread both indoors and outdoors. Therefore the need for ambient outdoor environment gains importance. As there are many factors that contribute to outdoor thermal comfort (climatic factors and physical factors), this study aims in analyzing the impact of building material contribution, in an institutional courtyard. In order to understand the thermal contribution of various building materials and to suggest material choice to designers, ENVIMET is used for simulation purpose. The outdoor thermal comfort index employed in this study is PET (Physiological Equivalent Temperature), calibrated using RAYMAN.
Bacterial RNA: An Underestimated Stimulus for Innate Immune Responses
Authors: Eigenbrod Tatjana , Dalpke Alexander H.
Published: July 2015

Although DNA of bacterial and viral origin, as well as viral RNA, have been intensively studied as triggers of innate immune responses, the stimulatory properties of bacterial RNA and its role during infections have just begun to be deciphered. Bacterial RNA is a strong inducer of type I IFN and NF-κB–dependent cytokines, and it also can activate the Nlrp3 inflammasome. In this review, we focus on the receptors and signaling pathways involved in innate immune activation by bacterial RNA and analyze the physiological relevance of bacterial RNA recognition during infections. Furthermore, we present the concept that RNA modifications can impair RNA-dependent immune activation. RNA modifications differ between eukaryotes and prokaryotes; thus, they can serve to define the innate pattern that is recognized. In this regard, we discuss the role of ribose 2′-O-methylation as a potential immune-escape mechanism.
NEW INSIGHT ON EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF BACTERIAL BLOODSTREAM INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNACIES
Authors: Lo Menzo Sara , La Martire Giulia , Ceccarelli Giancarlo , Venditti Mario
Published: July 2015

Bloodstream infections (BSI) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in onco-hematologic patients. The Gram-negative etiology was the main responsible of the febrile neutropenia in the sixties and its impact declined due to the use of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis; this situation was followed by the gradual emergence of Gram-positive bacteria also following of the increased use of intravascular devices and the introduction of new chemotherapeutic strategies. In the last decade the Gram-negative etiology is raising again because of the emergence of resistant strains that make questionable the usefulness of currentstrategies for prophylaxis and empirical treatment. Gram-negative BSI attributable mortality is relevant and the appropriate empirical treatment significantly improves the prognosis; on the other hand the delayed adequate treatment of Gram-positive BSI does not seem to have an high impact on survival. The clinician has to be aware of the epidemiology of his institution and of colonizations of his patients in order to choose the most appropriate empiric therapy. Ina setting of high endemicity of multidrug-resistant infections, even the choice of a targeted therapy can be a challenge, often requiring strategies based on off-label prescriptions and low grade evidences.In this review we summarize the current evidences for the best targeted therapies for difficult to treat bacteria BSIs and future perspectives in this topic. We also provide a flow chart for a rational approach to the empirical treatment of febrile neutropenia in a multidrug resistant high prevalence setting.
DISTRIBUTION OF DNA DAMAGE REPAIR GENE POLYMORPHISM hOGG1, XRCC1 and p53 AMONG SICKLE CELL DISEASE PATIENTS IN INDIA
Authors: Nishank Sudhansu Sekhar
Published: July 2015

Background– Defect in DNA damage repair genes due to oxidative stress predispose the humans to malignancies. There are many cases of association of malignancies with sickle cell disease patients (SCD) throughout the world, the molecular cause of which has never been investigated. DNA damage repair genes such as  hOGG1, XRCC1 and p53 play significant role in repair of DNA damage during oxidative stress but the distribution and clinical effect of these genes are not known till date in SCD patients who are associated with oxidative stress related clinical complications.        Objective – The aim of the study was to characterize the distribution and clinical effect of DNA damage gene polymorphisms p53 (codon 72 Arg> Pro), hOGG1 (codon 326 Ser>Cyst) and XRCC1 (codons 194 Arg>Trp, codon 280 Arg> His, codon 399 Arg> Gln) among SCD patients of  central India. Methods- A case control study of  250 SCD patients and 250 normal individuals were investigated by PCR-RFLP techniques.     Result- The prevalence of mutant alleles of hOGG1 gene, XRCC1 codon 280 Arg>His  were found to be significantly high among SCD patients as compared to controls. However, SCD patients did not show clinical association with any of these DNA repair gene polymorphisms.  Conclusion- This indicates that hOGG1, p53  and XRCC1 gene polymorphisms  may not have any clinical impact among SCD patients in India.
CAPPARACEAE
Authors: Tölken H. R. , Killick D. J. B.
Published: July 2015

Notes  on Boscia
COMPOSITAE
Authors: Killick D. J. B. , Claasen C. G. T.
Published: July 2015

A New Species  of Schistostephium  from  the Natal Drakensberg
MALVACEAE
Authors: Leistner O. A.
Published: July 2015

A New Combination  in Pavonia
Some Members of the Sphaeropsidales from South Africa
Authors: Cejp Karel
Published: July 2015

Seventeen isolates of Sphaeropsidaceous fungi from South Africa are described. Of these, nine are described as new species:  Phyllosticta cussoniae, P. vannucriae,  Ascochyia grewiae, Septoria combretiana, S. eueleae,  S. lanneae,  S. selariae,  S. transvaaliana and S. triptcridis.
A New Species of Gonatobotryum from South Africa
Authors: Van Warmelo K. T.
Published: July 2015

An isolate of  Gonatobotryum from barley kernels is described as a new species, Gonatobotryum sclerotigenum.
A Note on the Acacia giraffae x A. haematoxylon Hybrid
Authors: Ross J. H.
Published: July 2015

Over twenty years ago the first specimens of a hybrid between  Acacia giraffae Willd.  and  A. haematoxylon Willd. were collected in the Hay district of the Cape Province.  From an examination of all available herbarium specimens the characteristics of  A. giraffae,  A. haematoxylon,  and the hybrid are tabulated. Some of the characters displayed by the hybrid, for example number of pinna pairs, are found to be intermediate between the values recorded for the parent species, while other characters, for example the degree of pubescence and the presence of glands, tend to be inherited from one parent species  only. It appears, therefore, that there is a marked tendency for certain characters associated together in a parent to be associated in the hybrid.
MYRSINACEAE
Authors: Dyer R. A. , Killick D. J. B.
Published: July 2015

A Note on Myrsine in Southern Africa
A Further New Species of Cycad from the Transvaal
Authors: Dyer R. A.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
New and Interesting Records of South African Fungi, Part VII
Authors: Marasas W. F. O. , Van der Westhuizen G. C. A.
Published: July 2015

Four species of fungi recorded for the first time in South Africa, are described and illustrated. These are:  Acremoniella verrucosa  Togn. from roots of  Medicago sativa; Coniella pulchella Hohn. from roots of pine-apple;  Periconia igniaria  Mason Ellis from seed of  Medicago sativa;  and  Stachybotrys subsimplex  Cooke from the cocoon of  Parastizopus armaticeps.
Acacia brevispica and A. schweinfurthii
Authors: Ross J. H.
Published: July 2015

Recently Brenan. in Kew Bull. 21 : 477-480 (1968). upheld  Acacia brevispica Harms and A. schweinfurthii Brenan Exell as distinct species and recognized two subspecies within A. brevispica. These conclusions differ from earlier results published by Ross Gordon- Gray in Brittonia 18: 44-63 (1966). Consequently it was considered necessary to re-examine these species in preparation for the account of  Acacia for the Flora of Southern Africa. Distribution maps of the two species are provided and the differences between the species tabulated and discussed. Despite certain difficulties in Natal. Brenan's taxonomic conclusions are adopted. A map showing the distribution of  A. schweinfurthii and  A. brevispica subsp. dregeana in Natal is provided and a selection of Natal specimens cited.
FLACOURTIACEAE
Authors: Thom J. E.
Published: July 2015

A New Species of Dovyalis
Marguerite Getrud Anna Henrici (1892-1971)
Authors: Gunn M. D.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
The Mycoflora of Wheat Field Debris, Part I
Authors: Papendorf M. C. , Jooste W. J.
Published: July 2015

Descriptions are given of five fungus species isolated from stubble of a wheat field in the Heibron district:  Acremonium strictum Gams,  Acremonium persicinun (Nicot) Gams,  Acremonium curvulumGams,  Tricellula curvata Haskins and  Ulocladium consortiale (Thum.) Simmons.
The taxonomy of Paspalum paspalodes and P. vaginatum as represented in South Africa
Authors: Loxton A. E.
Published: July 2015

The taxonomy and distribution of two species of the subgenus  Disticha of  Paspalum, as re­presented in South Africa, are presented. Two distinct, closely related species are recognized, namelyPaspalum paspatodes (Michx.) Scribn. (previously known as  P. distichum L., the name being rejected as a no men confusum), and  P. vaginatum Swartz.
Smodirignium dermatitis: the intercellular secretory canals of the aerial axis and their relationship to this toxicity
Authors: Ellis R. P.
Published: July 2015

Smodingium argutum E. Mey. ex Sond., closely related to the American poison-ivy,  Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze, is the only known indigenous member of the Anacardiaceae in South Africa causing dermatitis. The sap of the intercellular secretory canals of the stem, petiole and leaf of both plants, is responsible for this toxicity. These secretary canals are described, illustrated and compared for both species, and their formation and the function of the canals and sap, are briefly discussed.
A note on Dichrostachys cinerea in South Africa
Authors: Ross J. H.
Published: July 2015

The nature o f the morphological variation within  Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight  Arn. in the area delimited for the Flora o f Southern Africa is discussed. An attempt is made to evaluate thetaxonomic significance o f some o f the differential characters employed by Brenan Brummitt inBol. Soc. Brot., Sér. 2, 39: 61-115 (1965) in order to delimit the infraspecific taxa recorded from ourarea. Certain modifications to Brenan Brummitt’s treatment are proposed.
LEGUMINOSAE
Authors: Ross J. H.
Published: July 2015

TYPIFICATION OF SCHOTIA CAPITATA
POLYPODIACEAE
Authors: Vorster P.
Published: July 2015

PYRROSIA SCHIMPERANA,  A NEW FERN RECORD FOR SOUTH AFRICA
Notes on miscellaneous Acacia. species from Tropical Africa
Authors: Ross J. H.
Published: July 2015

Information relating to a number of miscellaneous  Acacia species from tropical Africa, is pre­sented. Two new species,  A. manubensis and  A. pseudonigrescens, are described.
Notes on Acacia species from north-east Tropical Africa
Authors: Ross J. H.
Published: July 2015

Information relating to a number of miscellaneous from north-east tropical Africa is presented.Acacia species described by E. Chiovenda
The typification of Mimosa farnesiana
Authors: Ross J. H.
Published: July 2015

The protologue of  Mimosa farnesiana L. in Species Plantarum ed.l: 521 (1753) was based on several elements. In the absence of a type specimen it was considered desirable to select a lectotype in order to preserve the current application of the name  M. farnesiana.
The genus Acacia in South Africa. IV. The Morphology of nature pod
Authors: Robbertse P. J.
Published: July 2015

The external morphology and the anatomy of the pods all the South African Acacia specoes are discussed. It was found that the South African Acacia species can grouped into a number of distinct categories on the basis of the anatomy of their pods. There is quite a marked difference in anatomy odfthe pod of the series Vulgares and that of the series Gummiferae.
ARALIACEAE
Authors: Strey R. G.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF CUSSONIA FROM THE SOUTHERN CAPE
The genus Syncolostemon (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

The genus  Syncolostemon E. Mey. ex Benth. is revised and its relationship with  Hemizygia (Benth.) Briq.f is discussed. A new species,  S. comptonii Codd is described and the following new combinations are made: S. parviflorus var. lanceolatus (Guerke) Codd  (= S . lanceolatus Guerke) and  S. latidens (N.E. Br.) Codd ( = Orthosiphon latidens N.E. Br.).
Studies in the Ericoideae. I. The genera Eremia and Eremiella
Authors: Oliver E. G. H.
Published: July 2015

A revision of the genus  Eremia, in which seven species are recognized, and of the monotypic genus Eremiella is presented. Both genera belong to the Ericaceae-Ericoideae and are endemic in the south-western part of the Cape Province. The revision necessitated the inclusion of the monotypic genus  Eremiopsis N.E. Br. under Eremia. This is the first in a series on the minor genera of the Ericoideae in Southern Africa.
ERICACEAE
Authors: Oliver E. G. H.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF  ERICA FROM THE BREDASDORP DISTRICT
LILIACEAE
Authors: Jessop J. P.
Published: July 2015

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE SOUTH AFRICAN SPECIES OF ASPARAGUS
LILIACEAE
Authors: Hardy D. S.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF ALOE FROM THE HUMANSDORP DISTRICT
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE
Authors: Tölken H. R.
Published: July 2015

NOMENCLATURE OF THE GENUS  AMPHIBOLIA
Notes on Veronaea including V compactci sp. nov
Authors: Papendorf M. C.
Published: July 2015

The genus  Veronaea is discussed and a new species,  V. compacta Papendorf described.
The soil my coflora of an Acacia karroo Community in the Western Transvaal
Authors: Papendorf M. C.
Published: July 2015

A survey of the composition and distribution of the soil mycoflora of an  Acacia karroo Community in the Potchefstroom area was undertaken. A total of 858 sporulating cultures representing 76 genera and 144 species was recovered from this soil. The majority belong in the Fungi Imperfecti and only a limited number of Zygomycetes and Ascomycetes and no Oomycetes or Basidiomycetes were recorded. Members of the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus were the most abundant. The greatest concentration of individuals and species occurred in the surface layers and a rapid decrease in numbers was noticeable with increasing depth. The nature of this flora suggests a close correlation with the natural plant cover and the existing ecological conditions.
The mycoflora of wheat field debris, Part II
Authors: Jooste W. J.
Published: July 2015

Descriptions are given of four fungus species isolated from stubble of a wheat field in the Heilbron district: Ascochyta hordei Hara, Ascochyta sorghi Sacc., Phoma pomorum Thiim. and Alternaria tenuissima (Fr.) Wiltshire.
A phytosociological classification of the Nylsvley Nature Reserve
Authors: Coetzee B. J. , Van der Meulen F. , Zwanziger S. , Gonsalves P. , Weisser P. J.
Published: July 2015

The vegetation of the Nylsvley Nature Reserve in the Transvaal Mixed Bushveld is classified hierarchically by the Braun-Blanquet Method of vegetation survey. The vegetation is seasonal grassland and deciduous savanna with four floristically distinct major groups of plant communities: (I) grasslands and broad-leaved savannas on non calcareous sandy soils on elevated sandstone and felsite areas; (2) microphyllous thorn savannas on calcareous, clayey, bottomland alluvial soils and termitaria thickets; (3) grassland and thorn savanna on calcareous self-mulching vertic soils; and (4) secondary communities on long abandoned native settlements and recently ploughed land. Seven primary communities with 12 community variations and 4 subvariations, and three secondary communities are described on the basis of 216 releves. The survey was carried out at two levels of detail, an ecosystem study area in the broad-leaved savanna being surveyed in more detail, floristically and structurally, than the rest of the Reserve.
Thuranthos: notes on generic status, morphology, phenology and pollination biology
Authors: Stirton C. H.
Published: July 2015

The generic status of Thuranthos C. H. Wr. is discussed. A key separating the two species is provided. The genus is reported to occur in Natal for the first time. Field studies in Natal have yielded additional information on the habitat, phenology, fruit morphology and pollination biology of  T. macranthum (Bak.) C.H. Wr. Phalaenophily is reported for the second time in the South African Liliaceae. The relationship of T. macranthum with the moth  Diaphone eumela (Cramer)—Noctuidae, Hadeniae, is discussed.
New taxa and a new combination in the genus Cotyledon
Authors: Tölken H. R.
Published: July 2015

Five new species and one variety are described and the combination  Cotyledon tomentosa Harv. subsp. ladismithiensis (V. Poelln.) Toelken is effected. The following new names are published; C. sulphurea Toelken, C. occultans Toelken, C. similis Toelken, C. viridiflorum Toelken, C. hallii Toelken and C. pygmaea Barker var. tenuis Toelken.
A note on the flowers of Halleria lucida
Authors: Stirton C. H.
Published: July 2015

Studies of sunbirds  (Cinnyris spp.) feeding on the nectar of flowers of  Halleria lucida L. suggest that partial protandry may be operative in the breeding system of this cauliflorous tree. Attention is drawn to certain anomalies depicted in published botanical drawings. These anomalies are discussed in relation to the sequential development of the androecium and gynoecium in live flowers.  Colins colius, the speckled coly, is reported to eat the fruits of Halleria lucida. This bird also feeds on nectar after piercing the base of the corolla tube.
ARACEAE
Authors: Obermeyer A. A.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF  GONATOPUS FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA
FRULLANIACEAE (HEPATICAE)
Authors: Vorster P.
Published: July 2015

TYP1FICATION OF  FRULLANIA SYLVESTRIS
THELYPTERIDACEAE
Authors: Vorster P.
Published: July 2015

NEW COMBINATIONS IN  THELYPTERIS
The taxonomic status of the genus Rubidgea
Authors: Kovács-Endrődy Éva
Published: July 2015

The genus Rubidgea Tate of the fossil family Glossopteridaceae was reduced to a synonym of Glossopteris by Seward (1907). Seward’s conclusion is now confirmed by a study of a wide range of imprints from a quarry near Hammanskraal, South Africa. The upper and lower surface imprints of a single leaf found on a split fragment of carbonaceous shale provides the main evidence presented. The finely striated upper surface imprint of the leaf could be identified with  Rubidgea, whereas the lower surface imprint represents the typical strong venation of a  Glossopteris. The type species of  Rubidgea is transferred to  Glossopteris as  G. mackayi (Tate) Kovacs comb. nov. The characteristics of upper and lower surface imprints of a number of  Glossopteris species are discussed.
Studies in the Hypoxidaceae. II. Floral morphology and anatomy
Authors: Thompson M. F.
Published: July 2015

The inflorescence and flowers of representatives of Spiloxene, Pauridia and  Empodium were studied. The inflorescence shows a reduction from a several-flowered umbel to a single flower. The anthers are non-versatile in all three genera, unlike those of Hypoxis and  Rhodohypoxis. In  Spiloxene and Pauridia the ovary is 3-locular with axile placentation, while in  Empodium it is unilocular with three parietal placentas. The floral vascular anatomy of the three genera is described and the generic differences pointed out. The close relationship between Spiloxene and  Pauridia is demonstrated and the inclusion of  Pauridia in the Hypoxidaceae is supported. Spiloxene is regarded as generically distinct from Hypoxis.
AMBLYSTEGIACEAE: THE TAXONOMIC POSITION OF AMBLYSTEGIUM AFRO-FLUITANS (MUSCI)
Authors: Magill Robert E.
Published: July 2015

THE TAXONOMIC POSITION OF AMBLYSTEGIUM AFRO-FLUITANS (MUSCI)
FABACEAE
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF MUNDULEA
Vergelyking tussen die plantegroei en habitatte van die gronde van die Estcourt- en Sterkspruitvorms in die suidoostelike Oranje-Vrystaat
Authors: Bosch O. J. H.
Published: July 2015

Sample stands of vegetation occurring on the Sterkspruit and Estcourt soil forms in the south-eastern Orange Free State were compared by means of an ordination technicque (principal components analysis). The habitats of the various grass communities were compared to determine whether communities corresponding to one other develop under similar habitat conditions. The floristic composition of the vegetation on soils of the Sterkspruit and Estcourt forms are often similar, although the soil form and other habitat conditions differ markedly. The results of these investigations have shown that this could be due to compensation effects, which are the result of reciprocal interactions mainly between the moisture-determining factors such as soil texture, topography, effective soil depth and degree of erosion.
Progress with vegetation studies in the Sourish Mixed Bushveld of the western Transvaal
Authors: Van der Meulen F.
Published: July 2015

The Sourish Mixed Bushveld of the western Transvaal is being studied using the Braun-Blanquet method. The vegetation includes: (a) woodland of cooler sites on crests and steeper south-facing slopes; (b) woodland of warmer sites on gentle north-facing slopes; and (c) grassland and woodland of plains with slight relief on calcareous substrata. Six vegetation types are provisionally described in terms of their main structure, floristic composition (dominant and characteristic species) and habitat. The syntaxonomic relationships between these types are mentioned briefly and the types are considered in terms of Acocks’s classification of South African veld types.
Karoo-fynbos biomass along an elevational gradient in the western Cape.
Authors: Rutherford M. C.
Published: July 2015

A short characterization of the vegetational gradient from two basic physiognomic forms of fynbos, through Renosterbosveld to arid Karoo vegetation of the south-western Cape, is given with reference to possible vegetational analogues within similar gradients in winter-rainfall areas elsewhere. Description is limited to some aspects affecting biomass and its measurement, as well as to consideration of community stability needed for valid comparison of community biomass. Live individuals, including single dominant species, all other shrubs, graminoids and other herbaceous species as well as dead individuals were harvested separately in each major community type within an elevational gradient corresponding to the vegetational gradient described. Greatest biomass (14311 kg ha-1) was found in a summit restionaceous community, while lowest biomass (7564 kg ha-1) was found in a low-lying succulent Karoo community. There was an inverse relationship between elevation and percentage dead material mass and a strongly positive relationship between elevation and percentage biomass of the graminoid group. Total biomass values appear to be in keeping with available data for analogue communities in different Mediterranean climate areas, although distinct differences sometimes occur in the relative biomass contributions of component groups.
Miscellaneous ecological notes
Authors: Morris J. W.
Published: July 2015

A FIRST SAVANNA DECOMPOSITION MODEL
A new species of Aneilema (Commelinaceae) from South Africa
Authors: Faden Robert B.
Published: July 2015

A new species, Aneilema longirrhizum Faden, is described from Transvaal and is contrasted with its closest relative, A. hockii De Wild.
AMARYLLIDACEAE
Authors: Dyer R. A.
Published: July 2015

A NEW COMBINATION IN  CYRTANTHUS
CLUSIACEAE
Authors: Killick D. J. B.
Published: July 2015

OMISSION OF  HYPERICUM OLIGANDRUM FROM THE FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA
CRASSULACEAE
Authors: Tölken H. R.
Published: July 2015

THREE NEW TAXA AND A NEW COMBINATION
IRIDACEAE
Authors: Obermeyer A. A.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF  GLADIOLUS FROM THE TRANSVAAL
A procedure for standardizing comparative leaf anatomy in the Poaceae. II. The epidermis as seen in surface view
Authors: Ellis R. P.
Published: July 2015

Descriptive “keys”, including definitions and explanatory diagrams, are given for the standardization and simplification of anatomical descriptions of the epidermides of grass leaf blades as seen in surface view. About 340 characters of the epidermis are included with ample room for expansion. Notes on variation and taxonomic importance of the characters are also included.
A vegetation map of the western Transvaal Bush veld
Authors: Van der Meulen F. , Westfall R. H.
Published: July 2015

On the basis of a map of land-types (complexes of terrain-form, soil and climate), plant community com­plexes of the western Transvaal Bushveld were inferred and mapped at a 1: 250 000 scale. The syntaxonomy and synecology of the communities are summarized.
Studies in the Ericoideae. III. The genus Grisebachia
Authors: Oliver E. G. H.
Published: July 2015

A revision of the genus Grisebachia Klotzsch in which eight species are recognized is presented. The genus belongs to the Ericaceae-Ericoideae and is endemic in the south-western part of the Cape Province. The work revealed a high degree of variability among the species, necessitating the reduction of seven species to infraspecific rank, seven species to synonomy and the rejection of one species as imperfectly known. One new species G. secundiflora E. G. H. Oliver is described.