bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPECIAL ASPECTS OF PRE‐INVESTIGATION CHECK AND INITIATION OF CRIMINAL CASE ON SEXUAL ASSAULT AGAINST MINORS
Authors: Халиуллина Айгуль , Зайнуллин Руслан
Published: November 2021

The legal regulation of activity to verify reports of sexual assault against minors at the stage of initiation of criminal case is discussed. The authors pay particular attention on problem areas of realization of characteristic for this stage ways of preliminary verification.
The books and booklets on librarianship published in post-Soviet Russia (1992–2020 bibliological review)
Authors: Karaychentseva S. A. , Sukhorukova E. M. , Sukhorukov K. M.
Published: November 2021

The publishing business in post-Soviet Russia differs a lot from that of the Soviet period. The number of books and brochures has significantly increased, though the circulations have drastically decreased, which is evidenced by the national press statistics without interpreting indicators related to the subject. After USSR’s collapsed, many complete and reliable resources have appeared to study librarianship publishing repertoire in various aspects, e. g.: target readership of publications, their target audience, publishing chronology, main publishers; circulations. With these criteria, expert assessment of key publishing repertoire components is made. The Russian Book Chamber databases based on acquired mandatory copies of publications, as well as Rosinforkultura, Institute of scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, largest library catalogs and several bibliographic catalogs and indexes on the subject under examination, make the main source of statistical and bibliographic information for the authors. The authors identify the main problems and trends in librarianship publishing so to change situation to the better. The authors also focus on publication identification elements, i. e. their imprint.
The Mediating Role of Organizational Happiness in the Relationship Between Work Engagement and Life Satisfaction: A Study on Teachers
Authors: ÇAYAK Semih
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of organizational happiness in the relationship between teachers' work engagement and life satisfaction. The research was carried out on a total of 767 teachers, 557 women (73%) and 210 men (27%). The data of the study were collected using the "Work Engagement Scale", "Organizational Happiness Scale" and "Life Satisfaction Scale". Descriptive statistics, Pearson moments product correlation coefficient, path analysis and bootstrapping procedure were used to test the significance of the mediating effect in the analysis of the data. As a result of the study, it was found that there is a positive significant relationship between work engagement, organizational happiness and life satisfaction. Bootstrapping result showed that organizational happiness has a partially mediating role in the relationship between work engagement and life satisfaction. It is thought that the results obtained can be used to increase the life satisfaction of teachers. In addition, it can be said that the results obtained from the research will be a guide for future studies.
Estimulação elétrica transcraniana nos transtornos depressivos: determinação de parâmetros para a prática clínica
Authors: Coêlho Carlos Batista , Rezende Danielle Piazzi , Santos Dayanne Rodrigues dos , Martins Isadora Laboriê Ferreira , Miranda Vivian Natália Mariano Nunes de , Araújo Angélica Rodrigues de
Published: November 2021

Introdução: A estimulação elétrica transcraniana (EET) é uma técnica de neuromodulação não invasiva, que tem sido utilizada como coadjuvante no tratamento de transtornos depressivos devido à sua capacidade de modificar a excitabilidade cortical. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos da EET nos transtornos depressivos e propor parâmetros para a prática clínica. Métodos: Estudo de revisão sistemática no qual foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados que utilizaram a EET no tratamento dos transtornos depressivos, publicados entre 2010 e junho de 2018, nas línguas inglesa e portuguesa. Resultados: Foram encontrados 14.775 estudos, sendo selecionados para a amostra apenas 15 trabalhos. Todos os estudos selecionados utilizaram a EET por corrente contínua e apresentaram semelhanças em relação aos demais parâmetros elétricos de tratamento e locais de aplicação dos eletrodos. Em 12 dos 15 estudos avaliados foi observada melhora significativa (p < 0,05) dos sintomas depressivos e, em relação aos efeitos adversos, constatou-se que são inferiores aos tratamentos convencionais. Conclusão: A EET apresenta eficácia no tratamento dos transtornos depressivos e que isto está diretamente relacionado ao uso adequado dos parâmetros e técnicas de aplicação da corrente elétrica.
Aplicação do gel crioterápico na lipodistrofia abdominal em mulheres
Authors: Jesus Josélia de Souza Neves de , Coelho Thaí­na Oliveira , Dias Deborah Silva , Sanz Michelle Cordeiro , Oliveira Fabí­ola Santos Dornellas
Published: November 2021

Introdução: A lipodistrofia localizada é o aumento na densidade e espessura do tecido adiposo da hipoderme. O gel crioterápico ativa o metabolismo causando resfriamento da pele, estimulando a termogênese para que aconteça a lipólise. Objetivo: Comparar o resultado do gel crioterápico na gordura localizada abdominal antes e após o tratamento. Métodos: O estudo foi composto por 30 mulheres entre 20 e 40 anos, sedentárias e com lipodistrofia abdominal, submetidas a 10 sessões de tratamento. Foi comparado o IMC, perimetria, adipometria, e bioimpedância, análise do perfil sociodemográfico e o grau de satisfação, por meio de frequências e percentuais, antes e após o tratamento. Resultados: Houve diferença significativa na satisfação corporal das pacientes entre o início e o final do tratamento (p < 0,05). Para as variáveis de bioimpedância, adipometria, IMC e perimetria não houve significância estatística (p > 0,05). Todavia, foi observado resultado positivo através de fotos comparativas ao final do tratamento. Conclusão: Foi identificada, através do perfil sociodemográfico, a prevalência da faixa etária de 20 a 30 anos, de cor parda, estudantes e residentes da cidade de Vitória e Serra. Para o IMC, perimetria, adipometria e bioimpedância não houve resultados satisfatórios. Contudo, para o questionário de satisfação, constatou-se melhora da satisfação corporal das participantes.
Síndrome de hipoventilação da obesidade e estratégia ventilatória mais eficaz: pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas ou ventilação mecânica não invasiva?
Authors: Paz Luana Pereira , Bayerl Rubia , Arsie Natalye Victoria da Costa , Motter Arlete Ana
Published: November 2021

Considerando a Síndrome de Hipoventilação da Obesidade (SHO) como potencialmente tratável, encontra-se dificuldade em comparar ensaios clínicos devido às diferentes titulações da ventilação mecânica não invasiva (VNI) e da pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas (CPAP). Objetivou-se realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura com utilização de pressão positiva como método terapêutico. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados, utilizando CPAP comparado a VNI como tratamento. A busca ocorreu nas bases de dados PubMed e Web of Science, incluindo-se estudos publicados entre 2008 e 2017. Foram selecionados 4 artigos, dois estudos comparando CPAP e binível. Apresentaram semelhança na melhora entre os grupos. O terceiro estudo comparou com grupo controle, sendo ambas eficientes em relação ao GC com melhora na PaCO2, Bic, sintomas clínicos, parâmetros polissonográficos e efeitos secundários. O quarto estudo apresentou para Suporte de Pressão Assegurada de Volume Médio (AVAPS-AE), eficácia de CPAP e binível na redução de surtos noturnos de pressão arterial. Dessa forma observa-se similar eficácia entre ambas as estratégias, e ambas são mais eficazes quando comparadas a um grupo controle.
AQUISIÇÃO EMERGENCIAL DO PNAE, NO RN, E SUA IMPORTÂNCIA PARA O FORTALECIMENTO DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR
Authors: Torres Janine Beatriz , Lima Alexandre de Oliveira , Dantas Ivi Aliana Carlos , Araújo José Edson de Albuquerque
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir os principais avanços decorrentes da compra do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) utilizando como referência a experiência da aquisição emergencial de produtos da agricultura familiar de base agroecológica do Rio Grande do Norte (RN), durante a pandemia do COVID-19. Por meio do levantamento bibliográfico sobre políticas públicas de compras governamentais da agricultura familiar e de dados levantados junto à Secretaria de Estado do Desenvolvimento Rural e da Agricultura Familiar (SEDRAF-RN) e da Secretaria da Cultura do Esporte e Lazer (SEEC), o artigo traz como resultado a compra de mais de 300 toneladas de produtos agroecológicos e a distribuição de 215 mil kits em mais 600 escolas da rede estadual. As políticas públicas de incentivo à agricultura familiar contribuíram para a valorização dos produtores familiares e dos produtos agroecológicos, mostrando que é possível um novo paradigma centrado no desenvolvimento sustentável.
ÁGUA E ALIMENTOS COMO COMUNS: AÇÕES URBANAS E QUILOMBOLAS PARA UMA TRANSIÇÃO PARADIGMÁTICA AGROECOLÓGICA
Authors: TAIT MARCIA MARIA TAIT , Águas Carla Ladeira Pimentel
Published: November 2021

Neste artigo analisamos como a Covid-19 expõe as fragilidades do paradigma hegemônico agroalimentar e em que medida este é um chamado à proposição de outros paradigmas que se apoiem em novas premissas epistêmicas. Propusemos a conexão entre terra e água, sublinhando a produção agroecológica de alimentos, que explora aspectos de sociabilidade e geração de conhecimentos a partir de dois contextos: as hortas urbanas de São Paulo e a relação água/agricultura nos quilombos de Capela e Moinho (Chapada dos Veadeiros-GO), cujas discussões são entrelaçadas pelas noções teórico-políticas de “comum” e Agroecologia. O diálogo entre conceitos e contextos mostra a potência de uma diversidade convergente para entender cenários complexos de crise socioambiental - e sua interface com alimentação - e apontar caminhos ainda pouco contemplados de gestão dos territórios. O “comum”, materializado em práticas comunitárias, aponta para um mundo pós-pandemia que supere a cisão vida/economia e humano/natureza.
La evaluación en la enseñanza de las artes: Dificultades, caminos y propuestas para comenzar una reflexión
Authors: Saiz Marcela
Published: November 2021

En este trabajo se dan a conocer las dificultades de carácter general a las que se enfrentan las prácticas de evaluación en el ámbito de la Educación Artística. Se distinguen las dificultades que nacen de la propia naturaleza del Arte, las que nacen de la vinculación del Arte con la Ciencia y las que provienen de las propias prácticas históricas de evaluación. Se revisan los modelos de enseñanza–aprendizaje que se han utilizado en el Arte y se integra el contexto educativo universitario para reflexionar sobre las dificultades y posibilidades que genera este modelo para la enseñanza de disciplinas artísticas. Finalmente, se propone una perspectiva sobre la Evaluación y el lugar del evaluador dentro del proceso educativo, y se muestran elementos que permiten avanzar en la reflexión sobre el establecimiento de criterios y herramientas de evaluación para la enseñanza de las Artes.
La pantalla como síntoma: La teleserie “Juegos de poder” y el 18 de octubre
Authors: Arenas Rodolfo
Published: November 2021

Se demuestra que varios de los rasgos que se esgrimieron posteriormente como posibles explicaciones del movimiento social del 18 de octubre se hallaban presentes, con nitidez, en la serie “Juegos de poder”, que se exhibía en la televisión abierta en forma paralela a estos acontecimientos.

De esta manera se valida la necesidad de ejercer la crítica cultural, ya que los productos de nuestra entretención masiva, especialmente la audiovisual, constituyen el espacio donde se construye, se valida y se difunde la realidad social.
Las Pymes frente a la pandemia: El necesario desarrollo del pensamiento estratégico y de la planificación estratégica
Authors: Casanueva Galvarino
Published: November 2021

El presente artículo constituye un estudio y análisis comparativo de los conceptos de pensamiento estratégico y planificación estratégica, basado en estudios de diferentes autores, que posibilita comprender la importancia de ambos términos y de la correcta aplicación en las empresas y que permite, fundamentalmente, a los directivos y/o dueños de las pymes y a emprendedores en general, proyectar a las organizaciones (o futuros emprendimientos) en forma sostenible en el tiempo y a evitar la mortandad en el valle de la muerte, sobre todo en la época de pandemia (Covid19) que estamos viviendo, a partir del desarrollo de innovaciones tecnológicas planeadas desde la filosofía empresarial y que involucre, como gran desafío para las pymes (pequeñas y mediana empresas), la construcción e implementación de planes de acción correctamente articulados y de la construcción de escenarios adecuados de crecimiento y desarrollo que beneficien a todos los agentes involucrados, mediante la generación de ventajas competitivas. Es decir, tiene por finalidad orientar el diseño de estrategias que permitan a las pymes ver y materializar, desde el pensamiento estratégico y de la planificación estratégica, una innovación tecnológica, que les posibilite el logro de la meta básica financiera de crecer y ser competitivas en el mercado.
Este trabajo de investigación es una parte de la tesis doctoral de su autor, doctorado en Administración Gerencial por la Universidad Benito Juárez G., que busca explicar la alta tasa de mortandad de la pequeña y mediana empresa (pyme) en la localidad de Melipilla – Chile y, asimismo, fomentar el nacimiento y desarrollo de este tipo de organizaciones mediante una: “Propuesta de valor: Un modelo de solución de negocios para las pymes chilenas”.
Current Status of Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting by the Physicians in A Medical College Hospital
Authors: Ata Maliha , Hoque Rozina , Mostafa Asma , I Shakil Md Rakibul , Roy Biswas Rajat Sanker , Akhter Salma , B Mannan Shamsunnahar
Published: November 2021

Background: In order to improve the spontaneous Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting practice by the physicians, there is an obligatory need to investigate the current situation of ADR reporting by them. The study was conducted to observe the ADR reporting pattern among physicians in a tertiary medical college hospital.

Materials and methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study carried out in a tertiary medical college hospital during the study period of March 2020 to October 2020. Data were collected from 100 physicians working on different departments using self designed pretested questionnaire by convenient sampling technique.

Results: Among the 100 respondents 70 provided response to questionnaire giving a response rate 70%. Most of the respondents (61.43%) had adequate knowledge on ADR reporting. A good number of respondents showed positive attitude but there is no practice of ADR reporting though most of the respondents (84.3%) had experienced it in last 1 year. Most of the respondents experienced ADR with antibiotic (81.35%), NSAIDs (33.89%) & anticonvulsants (15.25%) and maximum (44.06%) experienced ADR was with skin, 30.50% with GIT and 23.03% with respiratory system involvement. The cause of under reporting was mainly due to inaccessible ADR form, busy schedule, unaware of how and whom to report and lack of motivation to report. The respondents would be encouraged to report ADR if they were provided with simple & available reporting form, regular guideline & bulletin.

Conclusion: There is an urgent need for educational training & seminar regarding our national online reporting system to emphasizing ADR reporting.

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (2); July 2021; Page 8-13
Estresse no trabalho em professores universitários
Authors: Pinto Anderson Passos , Menta Sandra Aiache , Santiago Diego dos Passos
Published: November 2021

O professor realiza, na maioria das vezes, um trabalho solitário, em meio a condições inadequadas para o desenvolvimento do seu trabalho, criando situações favoráveis ao estresse em que compromete seu aspecto biopsicossocial. Com o objetivo de identificar a incidência do nível de estresse no trabalho em professores universitários foi realizado um estudo transversal observacional descritivo. O estresse no trabalho foi aferido por meio da versão adaptada por Theorell do questionário JCQ (modelo demanda-controle) de Karasek, contendo questões para avaliar a Dimensão de Demanda Psicológica e de Controle, composta por 11 itens, e a Dimensão Apoio Social com 6 itens. Nos resultados encontrados dos 102 docentes pesquisados, 72,9% são do sexo feminino, 40% estão na faixa etária menor de 34 anos, 57,1% afirmaram não ter filhos e 58,6% se declararam brancos. Diante do que foi encontrado no questionário JCQ, 48,6% dos professores encontram-se no quadrante de Baixa exigência (baixa demanda e alto controle). Em vários estudos foram encontrados como resultados que os professores possuem alto nível de estresse no trabalho, sobretudo indivíduos do sexo feminino, sendo que as mulheres, quando comparadas aos homens, apresentaram médias maiores de desenvolvimento de doenças associadas ao trabalho. Ficou evidente que a maioria dos professores é do sexo feminino as quais se tornam um público diretamente exposta ao estresse, mostrando que essa população merece uma pouco mais de atenção.
Jezikoslovno
nazivlje u Frinihovu djelu Izbor atičkih glagola i imenica
Authors: Matović Petra , Kovačević Beata
Published: November 2021

U radu se analizira antičko jezikoslovno nazivlje u Frinihovu djelu Izbor atičkih glagola i imenica, antičkom jezičnom savjetniku pisanom u duhu aticizma. Nazivlje je podijeljeno
prema razinama jezičnoga opisa (fonološko, morfološko, sintaktičko i semantičko). Unutar svake od četiriju skupina nazivlje se dalje analizira prema učestalosti, jezičnim pojavama koje opisuje i vrstama riječi te se pokušavaju utvrditi izvori iz kojih je nazivlje preuzeto.
Specifičnosti
studije izvodljivosti projekta ANUBIH Opća enciklopedija Bosne i Hercegovine
Authors: Trifković Miloš
Published: November 2021

Objavljivanje prvih dvaju tomova, u nacionalnom ili teritorijalnom
smislu, partikularnih enciklopedija, Hrvatske enciklopedije Bosne i
Hercegovine i Enciklopedije Republike Srpske, u intelektualnoj je
javnosti otvorila pitanje stvaranja Opće enciklopedije Bosne i Hercegovine. Ta
bi enciklopedija morala posmatrati BiH kao cjelovitu, jedinstvenu i zasebnu
historijsku, socijalnu i državnu tvorevinu isključivo na osnovu naučno
utvrđenih činjenica. Predsjedništvo je odlučilo da se ANUBiH angažuje na ovom
projektu. Nakon faze pripremnih radnji Akademija je zaključila da se u
postojećim društvenim uslovima najprije mora sačiniti iscrpna studija
izvodljivosti za cijeli izdavački poduhvat državne opće enciklopedije. Ovaj rad
je prvi odgovor na taj zahtjev. U njemu se na bazi postojećih saznanja o
studijama izvodljivosti i enciklopedistici, te sadašnjih i predvidljivih
društveno-političkih prilika, utvrđuju najvažniji elementi buduće studije izvodljivosti
projekta ANUBiH Opća enciklopedija Bosne i Hercegovine.
Skateboarders’ Representations of Materiality: A Case Study of Rodney Mullen and Spike Jonze
Authors: Geckle Bethany
Published: November 2021

Physical activity is commonly conceived of in terms of its human involvement – as a test of, and testament to, human ability. However, physical activity does not exist without the contributions of countless non-human agencies, such as equipment and environments, with which the athletes work closely and form relationships. As such, athletes have a unique understanding of non-human agency. In this article I analyse the power of non-human agency in skateboarding through the representations of the professional skateboarder Rodney Mullen and filmmaker Spike Jonze. I examine their lectures, interviews, and films to show the ways in which skateboarders experience, practice, and represent the principles of actor-network theory (ANT). Skateboarders utilise and manipulate the often-unanticipated potential of non-human tools and urban landscapes and translate them into a collaborative result. Skateboarding is a trial-and-error experiment of testing, innovating, and adapting possibilities and limitations set by a network of mediators including people and ‘things’. Mullen and Jonze commonly depict skateboarding as the product of networks rather than independent human action. Their representations reveal how skateboarders perceive and act out their role as humans within networks alongside non-human agencies such as skateboards and obstacles, and which combine to produce skateboarding.
Combined Analysis of Expression Profiles in a Mouse Model and Patients Identified BHMT2 as a New Regulator of Lipid Metabolism in Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Ma Yongqiang , Tan Zhi , Li Qiang , Fan Wenling , Chen Guangshun , Bin Yangyang , Zhou Yi , Yi Junfang , Luo Xiaohua , Tan Jieqiong , Si Zhongzhou , Li Jiequn
Published: November 2021

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and other metabolic syndromes. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) plays a prominent role in hepatic lipid metabolism. This study combined the expression of liver genes in FXR knockout (KO) mice and MAFLD patients to identify new pathogenic pathways for MAFLD based on genome-wide transcriptional profiling. In addition, the roles of new target genes in the MAFLD pathogenic pathway were also explored. Two groups of differentially expressed genes were obtained from FXR-KO mice and MAFLD patients by transcriptional analysis of liver tissue samples. The similarities and differences between the two groups of differentially expressed genes were analyzed to identify novel pathogenic pathways and target genes. After the integration analysis of differentially expressed genes, we identified 134 overlapping genes, many of which have been reported to play an important role in lipid metabolism. Our unique analysis method of comparing differential gene expression between FXR-KO mice and patients with MAFLD is useful to identify target genes and pathways that may be strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of MAFLD. The overlapping genes with high specificity were screened using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Through comparison and analysis with the GEO database, we determined that BHMT2 and PKLR could be highly correlated with MAFLD. Clinical data analysis and RNA interference testing in vitro confirmed that BHMT2 may a new regulator of lipid metabolism in MAFLD pathogenesis. These results may provide new ideas for understanding the pathogenesis of MAFLD and thus provide new targets for the treatment of MAFLD.
Bismuth Vanadium Oxide Can Promote Growth and Activity in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Gao Cong , Lu Shuai , Wang Yongzhou , Xu Hao , Gao Xiaoxiao , Gu Yiwen , Xuan Hongyun , Wang Baohua , Yuan Huihua , Cao Yunying
Published: November 2021

The excellent properties of nanomaterials have been confirmed in many fields, but their effects on plants are still unclear. In this study, different concentrations of bismuth vanadate (BV) were added to the growth medium to analyze the growth of seedlings, including taproots, lateral roots, leaf stomata, root activity, and superoxide anion O2.- generation. Gene expression levels related to root growth were determined by quantitative PCR in Arabidopsis thaliana. The results showed that BV promoted the growth of taproots and the development of lateral roots, enhanced the length of the extension zone in roots, increased the number and size of leaf stomata and root activity, reduced the accumulation of ROS in seedlings, and changed the expression levels of genes related to polyamines or hormones. At the same time, we investigated the antibacterial activity of BV against a variety of common pathogens causing crop diseases. The results showed that BV could effectively inhibit the growth of Fusarium wilt of cotton and rice sheath blight. These results provide a new prospect for the development of nanomaterial-assisted plants, which is expected to become one of the ways to solve the problem of controlling and promoting the development of plants. At the same time, it also provides a reference for the study of the effect of BV on plants.
A Genetically Encoded Picolyl Azide for Improved Live Cell Copper Click Labeling
Authors: Meineke Birthe , Heimgärtner Johannes , Craig Alexander J. , Landreh Michael , Moodie Lindon W. K. , Elsässer Simon J.
Published: November 2021

Bioorthogonal chemistry allows rapid and highly selective reactivity in biological environments. The copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) is a classic bioorthogonal reaction routinely used to modify azides or alkynes that have been introduced into biomolecules. Amber suppression is an efficient method for incorporating such chemical handles into proteins on the ribosome, in which noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) are site specifically introduced into the polypeptide in response to an amber (UAG) stop codon. A variety of ncAA structures containing azides or alkynes have been proven useful for performing CuAAC chemistry on proteins. To improve CuAAC efficiency, biologically incorporated alkyne groups can be reacted with azide substrates that contain copper-chelating groups. However, the direct incorporation of copper-chelating azides into proteins has not been explored. To remedy this, we prepared the ncAA paz-lysine (PazK), which contains a picolyl azide motif. We show that PazK is efficiently incorporated into proteins by amber suppression in mammalian cells. Furthermore, PazK-labeled proteins show improved reactivity with alkyne reagents in CuAAC.
Carbapenem-Resistant Citrobacter spp. as an Emerging Concern in the Hospital-Setting: Results From a Genome-Based Regional Surveillance Study
Authors: Yao Yancheng , Falgenhauer Linda , Falgenhauer Jane , Hauri Anja M. , Heinmüller Petra , Domann Eugen , Chakraborty Trinad , Imirzalioglu Can
Published: November 2021

The rise of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) represents an increasing threat to patient safety and healthcare systems worldwide. Citrobacter spp., long considered not to be a classical nosocomial pathogen, in contrast to Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, is fast gaining importance as a clinical multidrug-resistant pathogen. We analyzed the genomes of 512 isolates of 21 CRE species obtained from 61 hospitals within a three-year-period and found that Citrobacter spp. (C. freundii, C. portucalensis, C. europaeus, C. koseri and C. braakii) were increasingly detected (n=56) within the study period. The carbapenemase-groups detected in Citrobacter spp. were KPC, OXA-48/-like and MBL (VIM, NDM) accounting for 42%, 31% and 27% respectively, which is comparable to those of K. pneumoniae in the same study. They accounted for 10%, 17% and 14% of all carbapenemase-producing CRE detected in 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. The carbapenemase genes were almost exclusively located on plasmids. The high genomic diversity of C. freundii is represented by 22 ST-types. KPC-2 was the predominantly detected carbapenemase (n=19) and was located in 95% of cases on a highly-conserved multiple-drug-resistance-gene-carrying pMLST15 IncN plasmid. KPC-3 was rarely detected and was confined to a clonal outbreak of C. freundii ST18. OXA-48 carbapenemases were located on plasmids of the IncL/M (pOXA-48) type. About 50% of VIM-1 was located on different IncN plasmids (pMLST7, pMLST5). These results underline the increasing importance of the Citrobacter species as emerging carriers of carbapenemases and therefore as potential disseminators of Carbapenem- and multidrug-resistance in the hospital setting.
Association of Apoptosis-Mediated CD4+ T Lymphopenia With Poor Outcome After Type A Aortic Dissection Surgery
Authors: Luo Wei , Sun Jing-Jing , Tang Hao , Fu Di , Hu Zhan-Lan , Zhou Hai-Yang , Luo Wan-Jun , Xu Jun-Mei , Li Hui , Dai Ru-Ping
Published: November 2021

Background: Many patients with type A aortic dissection (AAD) show low lymphocyte counts pre-operatively. The present study investigated the prognostic values of lymphopenia and lymphocyte subsets for the postoperative major adverse events (MAEs) in AAD patients undergoing surgery, and explore mechanisms of lymphopenia.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed pre-operative lymphocyte counts in 295 AAD patients treated at two hospitals, and evaluated their correlation with MAEs. We prospectively recruited 40 AAD patients and 20 sex- and age-matched healthy donors (HDs), and evaluated lymphocyte subsets, apoptosis, and pyroptosis by flow cytometry.

Results: Multivariable regression analysis of the retrospective cohort revealed pre-operative lymphopenia as a strong predictor of MAEs (odds ratio, 4.152; 95% CI, 2.434–7.081; p < 0.001). In the prospective cohort, lymphocyte depletion in the AAD group was mainly due to loss of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as compared with HDs (CD4+ T cells: 346.7 ± 183.6 vs. 659.0 ± 214.6 cells/μl, p < 0.0001; CD8+ T cells: 219.5 ± 178.4 vs. 354.4 ± 121.8 cells/μl, p = 0.0036). The apoptosis rates of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in AAD patients relative to HDs (both p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the pre-operative CD4+ T cells count at a cut-off value of 357.96 cells/μl was an effective and reliable predictor of MAEs (area under ROC curve = 0.817; 95% CI, 0.684-0.950; sensitivity, 74%; specificity, 81%; p < 0.005). Pre-operative lymphopenia, mainly due to CD4+ T cells exhaustion by apoptosis, correlates with poor prognosis in AAD patients undergoing surgery.

Conclusion: Pre-operative lymphopenia in particular CD4+ T lymphopenia via apoptosis correlates with poor prognosis in AAD patients undergoing surgery.
Loss of Hepatic Surf4 Depletes Lipid Droplets in the Adrenal Cortex but Does Not Impair Adrenal Hormone Production
Authors: Chang Xiaole , Zhao Yongfang , Qin Shucun , Wang Hao , Wang Bingxiang , Zhai Lei , Liu Boyan , Gu Hong-mei , Zhang Da-wei
Published: November 2021

The adrenal gland produces steroid hormones to play essential roles in regulating various physiological processes. Our previous studies showed that knockout of hepatic Surf4 (Surf4LKO) markedly reduced fasting plasma total cholesterol levels in adult mice, including low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Here, we found that plasma cholesterol levels were also dramatically reduced in 4-week-old young mice and non-fasted adult mice. Circulating lipoprotein cholesterol is an important source of the substrate for the production of adrenal steroid hormones. Therefore, we investigated whether adrenal steroid hormone production was affected in Surf4LKO mice. We observed that lacking hepatic Surf4 essentially eliminated lipid droplets and significantly reduced cholesterol levels in the adrenal gland; however, plasma levels of aldosterone and corticosterone were comparable in Surf4LKO and the control mice under basal and stress conditions. Further analysis revealed that mRNA levels of genes encoding enzymes important for hormone synthesis were not altered, whereas the expression of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase was significantly increased in the adrenal gland of Surf4LKO mice, indicating increased de novo cholesterol biosynthesis and enhanced LDLR and SR-BI-mediated lipoprotein cholesterol uptake. We also observed that the nuclear form of SREBP2 was increased in the adrenal gland of Surf4LKO mice. Taken together, these findings indicate that the very low levels of circulating lipoprotein cholesterol in Surf4LKO mice cause a significant reduction in adrenal cholesterol levels but do not significantly affect adrenal steroid hormone production. Reduced adrenal cholesterol levels activate SREBP2 and thus increase the expression of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, which increases de novo cholesterol synthesis to compensate for the loss of circulating lipoprotein-derived cholesterol in the adrenal gland of Surf4LKO mice.
Case Report: A Tale of a Cardiac Mass: Looks Like a Papillary Fibroelastoma, Acts Like a Non-bacterial Thromboendocarditis
Authors: Ahmad Ali , Arghami Arman , El-Am Edward A. , Foley Thomas A. , Kurmann Reto D. , Klarich Kyle W.
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Benign cardiac tumors and tumor like conditions are a heterogeneous collection of mass lesions that vary widely in their characteristics, such as presentation, size, and location. In some instances, these tumors are found incidentally, and therefore a broad differential diagnosis should be considered.

Case: An elderly male with significant unintentional weight loss and a high risk for cancer presented with an incidental valvular cardiac mass. The mass was thought to be a non-bacterial thromboendocarditis on initial clinical evaluation. After multiple imaging modalities, the mass was suspected to be a papillary fibroelastoma (PFE), which was resected due to high stroke risk and multiple previous chronic infarcts on brain MRI.

Conclusion: This case highlights the need for a comprehensive cardiac evaluation of a valvular tumor to discern the etiology and rule out other underlying pathophysiological processes that may require alternative interventions to cardiac surgery.
Dentists as Primary Care Providers: Expert Opinion on Predoctoral Competencies
Authors: Gordon Sara C. , Kaste Linda M. , Mouradian Wendy E. , Beemsterboer Phyllis L. , Berg Joel H. , Murdoch-Kinch Carol Anne
Published: November 2021

Dentistry and medicine traditionally practice as separate professions despite sharing goals for optimal patient health. Many US residents experience both poor oral and general health, with difficulty accessing care. More efficient collaboration between these professions could enhance health. The COVID-19 pandemic disclosed further disparities while underscoring concerns that physician supply is inadequate for population needs. Hence, enhancing healthcare provider education to better meet the public's health needs is critical. The proposed titles “Oral Physician” or “Oral Health Primary Care Provider” (OP-PCP) acknowledge dentist's capacity to diagnose and manage diseases of the orofacial complex and provide some basic primary healthcare. The US Surgeon General's National Prevention Council and others recommend such models. Medical and dental education already overlap considerably, thus it is plausible that dental graduates could be trained as OP-PCPs to provide primary healthcare such as basic screening and preventive services within existing dental education standards. In 2018, 23 dental and medical educators participated in an expert-opinion elicitation process to review educational competencies for this model. They demonstrated consensus on educational expansion and agreed that the proposed OP-PCP model could work within existing US Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) standards for predoctoral education. However, there were broader opinions on scope of practice details. Existing CODA standards could allow interested dental programs to educate OP-PCPs as a highly-skilled workforce assisting with care of medically-complex patients and to helping to reduce health disparities. Next steps include broader stakeholder discussion of OC-PCP competencies and applied studies including patient outcome assessments.
Spatial and Temporal Variations of Freezing and Thawing Indices From 1960 to 2020 in Mongolia
Authors: Dashtseren Avirmed , Temuujin Khurelbaatar , Westermann Sebastian , Batbold Altangerel , Amarbayasgalan Yondon , Battogtokh Dorjgotov
Published: November 2021

Mongolia is one of the most sensitive regions to climate change, located in the transition of several natural and permafrost zones. Long-term trends in air freezing and thawing indices can therefore enhance our understanding of climate change. This study focuses on changes of the spatiotemporal patterns in air freezing and thawing indices over Mongolia from 1960 to 2020, using observations at 30 meteorological stations. Our results shows that the freezing index ranges from −945.5 to −4,793.6°C day, while the thawing index ranges from 1,164.4 to 4,021.3°C day over Mongolia, and their spatial patterns clearly link to the latitude and altitude. During the study period, the trend in the thawing index (14.4°C-day per year) was larger than the trend in the freezing index (up to −10.1°C-day per year), which results in the net increase of air temperature by 2.4°C across Mongolia. Overall, the increase in the thawing index was larger in the low latitudes and altitudes (e.g., the Gobi-desert, steppes, the Great lake depression and major river valleys) than in high latitudes and altitudes (mountain regions), while it was the opposite for the freezing index. The highest values for both thawing index and freezing index (i.e. the least negative values) have occurred during the last 2 decades. As the trends in the freezing and thawing indices and mean annual air temperature confirm intensive climate warming, increased permafrost degradation and shallower seasonally frozen ground are expected throughout Mongolia.
Case Report: A Case of Moyamoya Syndrome Associated With Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A
Authors: Matano Fumihiro , Murai Yasuo , Watanabe Atsushi , Shirokane Kazutaka , Igarashi Takehito , Shimizu Kazuo , Shimada Takashi , Morita Akio
Published: November 2021

To the best of our knowledge, we report a case of MEN2A complicated by moyamoya syndrome. A 52-year-old woman presented with vertigo. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed bilateral supraclinoid stenosis of the internal carotid artery and abnormal moyamoya-like vessels around the basal ganglia. She had a heterozygous variant of RNF213, which is the susceptibility gene for moyamoya disease. She had also previously received diagnoses of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) at age 23 and left-sided pheochromocytoma (PHEO) at age 41. Genetic testing revealed heterozygosity for a mutation at codon 634 in exon 11 (TGC-TTC mutation; p.Cys634Phe) of the Ret gene. Intracranial vascular stenosis may have been caused by a genetic mutation of RNF213 and hypersecretion of catecholamines by MEN2A. Physicians should recognize that MEN2A can be present with moyamoya syndrome.
Circulating CTRP7 Is a Potential Predictor for Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Hu Wenjing , Zhan Bin , Li Qinge , Yang Gangyi , Yang Mengliu , Tan Minghong , Geng Shan , Liu Hua , Chen Chen , Liu Dongfang , Li Ling
Published: November 2021

Background

Previous animal studies have revealed that CTRP7 is related to energy metabolism. However, little is known regarding the relationship between CTRP7 and metabolic diseases in humans. Hence, this study was designed to explore the association between CTRP7 and MetS through a cross-sectional study and multiple intervention studies.

Methods

A total of 624 individuals were enrolled in this study. The levels of CTRP7 and APN were determined by ELISA kit. HEC, OGTT and lipid infusion were performed in heathy individuals to investigate the association of CTRP7 and glucose, insulin and FFA. Bioinformatics analysis was then undertaken to identify genes and signaling pathways associated with CTRP7. The relationship between CTRP7 with MetS components was also evaluated.

Results

In MetS patients, serum CTRP7 concentrations were significantly higher than in healthy controls, and was positively correlated with WC, BP, FBG, 2h-BG and TG, but negatively correlated with HDL-C and APN. Multivariate logistic regression analysis uncovered that CTRP7 was strongly correlated with the occurrence of MetS. In addition, circulating levels of CTRP7 in patients with two or more MetS components were higher than those with one MetS component. In the intervention studies, OGTTs resulted in a significant reduction in serum CTRP7 concentration. However, the increase in insulin levels caused by EHC and the increase of FFA caused by lipid-infusion led to the significant increase of serum CTRP7 concentration. Meanwhile, bioinformatics analysis revealed that CTRP7 was strongly associated with metabolism-related genes and signal pathways, which further illustrate the association of CTRP7 with whole-body metabolism.

Conclusions

Serum CTRP7 is increased in MetS patients, which may be a biomarker related to metabolic diseases.

Clinical Trial Registration Number

ChiCTR2000032878
Effects of Temperature and Additives on NOx Emission From Combustion of Fast-Growing Grass
Authors: Liu Haili , Hong Qingchao , Liu Heyun , Huang Zhen , Zhang Xu , Chen Wang , Zeng Xi , Pan Shulin
Published: November 2021

Fast-growing grass, as a popular renewable energy, is low in sulfur content, so NOx is the major pollutant during its combustion. To study the emission characteristics of NOx and obtain the data of controlling NOx emission, the effects of combustion temperature as well as the additive type and mass fraction were investigated on the emission characteristics of NOx from the combustion of fast-growing grass. Results revealed that the first peak for NOx emission from this combustion gradually increases with an increase in temperature. Moreover, the additives were found to dramatically impact the amount of NOx emission and its representative peak. The optimal additives and their optimal mass fractions were determined at various specific temperatures to reduce NOx emission. At combustion temperatures of 600, 700, 750, 800, and 850°C, the optimal conditions to limit NOx emissions were 5% SiO2, 3% Al2O3, 3% Ca(OH)2, 15% Al2O3, and 3% SiO2 (or 3% Al2O3), respectively; the corresponding emission peaks decreased by 43.59, 44.21, 47.99, 24.18, and 30.60% (or 31.51%), with denitration rates of 63.28, 50.34, 57.44, 27.05, and 27.34% (or 27.28%), respectively.
Nitrous Oxide Consumption Potential in a Semi-Arid Agricultural System: Effects of Conservation Soil Management and Nitrogen Timing on nosZ Mediated N2O Consumption
Authors: McDonald Mark D. , Lewis Katie L. , DeLaune Paul B. , Boutton Thomas W. , Reed Jacob D. , Gentry Terry J.
Published: November 2021

Agricultural soils account for less than 10% of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States but about 75% of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Soil conservation practices, such as no-tillage, have the potential to mitigate GHG emissions. We examined the short-term consequences of no-tillage with a winter wheat cover crop (NTW) and no-tillage winter fallow (NT) on N2O emissions, N2O reducing bacterial populations, and overall soil bacterial abundance during the summer growing season in the southern Great Plains, United States. Conservation practices were coupled with nitrogen (N) fertilizer application timing (100% pre-plant, 100% mid-season, 40% pre-plant 60% mid-season, 100% pre-plant with N stabilizer). In addition, N2O emissions were measured to determine any functional effects of altering N fertilizer timing and changing bacterial populations. The combination of N treatment and conservation practice affected nosZ clade II abundance in the second year of the study. Diversity of nosZ clade II was evaluated to determine effects on non-typical N2O reducers which were highly abundant in this study. No nosZ clade II diversity effects were determined, although some clustering of conservation system and N treatments was observed in the second year. Nitrogen treatment affected N2O-N emissions during the summer of both years, likely related to overall increased microbial activity and N fertilizer application. Negative fluxes (consumption) of N2O-N were observed in every treatment and tillage combination and were most pronounced in the control (0 kg N ha−1). Negative fluxes are likely due to a combination of low inorganic-N concentrations at various points during the year and a robust clade II population driving N2O consumption. Altering conservation system and the timing of N fertilizer application affects the microbial community and will likely continue to select for unique communities as the system matures. This will also likely further impact N2O emissions from the system and may increase the rate and frequency of N2O consumption.
Inferring Differential Networks by Integrating Gene Expression Data With Additional Knowledge
Authors: Liu Chen , Cai Dehan , Zeng WuCha , Huang Yun
Published: November 2021

Evidences increasingly indicate the involvement of gene network rewiring in disease development and cell differentiation. With the accumulation of high-throughput gene expression data, it is now possible to infer the changes of gene networks between two different states or cell types via computational approaches. However, the distribution diversity of multi-platform gene expression data and the sparseness and high noise rate of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data raise new challenges for existing differential network estimation methods. Furthermore, most existing methods are purely rely on gene expression data, and ignore the additional information provided by various existing biological knowledge. In this study, to address these challenges, we propose a general framework, named weighted joint sparse penalized D-trace model (WJSDM), to infer differential gene networks by integrating multi-platform gene expression data and multiple prior biological knowledge. Firstly, a non-paranormal graphical model is employed to tackle gene expression data with missing values. Then we propose a weighted group bridge penalty to integrate multi-platform gene expression data and various existing biological knowledge. Experiment results on synthetic data demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in inferring differential networks. We apply our method to the gene expression data of ovarian cancer and the scRNA-seq data of circulating tumor cells of prostate cancer, and infer the differential network associated with platinum resistance of ovarian cancer and anti-androgen resistance of prostate cancer. By analyzing the estimated differential networks, we find some important biological insights about the mechanisms underlying platinum resistance of ovarian cancer and anti-androgen resistance of prostate cancer.
Metformin Suppresses Monocyte Immunometabolic Activation by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Subunit 1
Authors: Cory Theodore J. , Emmons Russell S. , Yarbro Johnathan R. , Davis Kierstin L. , Pence Brandt D.
Published: November 2021

A hallmark of COVID-19 is a hyperinflammatory state associated with severity. Monocytes undergo metabolic reprogramming and produce inflammatory cytokines when stimulated with SARS-CoV-2. We hypothesized that binding by the viral spike protein mediates this effect, and that drugs which regulate immunometabolism could inhibit the inflammatory response. Monocytes stimulated with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit 1 showed a dose-dependent increase in glycolytic metabolism associated with production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This response was dependent on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, as chetomin inhibited glycolysis and cytokine production. Inhibition of glycolytic metabolism by 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) or glucose deprivation also inhibited the glycolytic response, and 2-DG strongly suppressed cytokine production. Glucose-deprived monocytes rescued cytokine production by upregulating oxidative phosphorylation, an effect which was not present in 2-DG-treated monocytes due to the known effect of 2-DG on suppressing mitochondrial metabolism. Finally, pre-treatment of monocytes with metformin strongly suppressed spike protein-mediated cytokine production and metabolic reprogramming. Likewise, metformin pre-treatment blocked cytokine induction by SARS-CoV-2 strain WA1/2020 in direct infection experiments. In summary, the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces a pro-inflammatory immunometabolic response in monocytes that can be suppressed by metformin, and metformin likewise suppresses inflammatory responses to live SARS-CoV-2. This has potential implications for the treatment of hyperinflammation during COVID-19.