bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RAFTS AND TRADES RELATED TO WOOD PROCESSING IN RUSSIAN VILLAGES OF STANS 3 AND 4 OF ZLATOUSTOVSKY DISTRICT OF UFA PROVINCE
Authors: Nechvaloda Е Е
Published: June 2019

The article is based on the data of the field researches carried out by the author in the north-eastern regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Duvansky, Mechetlinsky and Belokotaysky Districts) in 2011-2014. In late 19th - early 20th centuries, this territory was part of stans 3 and 4 of the Zlatoustovsky District of the Ufa Province. Most of the Russian population of this area were the “Kunguryaks”, the descendants of immigrants from the northern lands (the former Perm and Vyatka Provinces). The author of the article considers the traditions of wood processing that existed in the Russian villages within the area under study in late 19th - early 20th centuries. Most objects required in the household and in everyday life were made from wood: there were many carved, chiselled, bent objects as well as those braided from rod, birch bark, and bast in the peasant’s house, they were daily used in all spheres of life. Many crafts and trades were connected with wood processing: carpentry, cooperage, joinery, etc. In the villages, there were wood carvers and “painters”, who turned wooden objects into pieces of decorative and applied arts. The traditions of wood processing were brought by the “Kunguryaks” from their historical homeland and they have much in common with the traditions of the Russian North. Among the artistic images of wood carving, there are both ancient amulets - images of ducks, horses, the sun, and Christian symbols - images of a cross, a chalice with grape bunches. In the painting on wood, both the Ural and Vyatka traditions are notable. The article fills in the gaps in the studies of the traditional culture of the Russian ethnos that for now is investigated unevenly in various regions, and the author introduces new material on its material culture into scientific use.
POLYGYNY AMONG BASHKIRS AS ETHNOSOCIAL EVENT IN THE PAST AND PRESENT
Authors: Galieva F G
Published: June 2019

Basing on the analysis of archival documents, field ethnographic sources, government documents, press materials of the post-revolutionary period and literary sources, the author of the article considers the actual phenomenon of the past and the present - polygyny. The object of the investigation is the development of this phenomenon among the Bashkirs in the historical perspective. It is shown that polygyny among the Bashkirs was the way to solve social problems related to providing future generations, survival during the years of poverty and hunger, demographic imbalance as a result of numerous wars rather than the indicator of prosperity and status of the man. It was most often practiced among semi-nomadic Bashkirs in undivided families. According to statistics, polygyny among the Bashkirs in the 18th - 19th centuries did not significantly influence the growth of the Bashkir population. In the post-revolutionary years, when the Soviet state began the struggle against the “survivals of times past”, the Bashkir women themselves appealed to the government structures with the request to let them continue their previous life as they had no place to go, bridewealth had been paid for them, and the religious rite nikah had been conducted. Men-polygamists officially completed a divorce, but continued to live with several wives. Among polygamists there were party officials. They were expelled from the party, but the custom was preserved, especially in the areas of traditional existence of polygyny (Zilairsky, Tamyan-Kataisky, Mesyagutovsky and Argayashsky cantons of the Bashkir Republic). Polygyny became widespread after the Great Patriotic War due to gender disproportion. Most contemporaries do not disapprove polygyny, some appeal to legalize this custom, justifying it by the need to solve demographic problems. Nowadays polygyny is common among urban Bashkirs.
Buckling Behavior of Steel Plates and Concrete Filled Composite Shear Walls Related Nuclear Power Engineering
Authors: Li XiaoHu , Yuan Yan
Published: June 2019

Based on the program of nuclear power engineering, the in-plane buckling behavior of Steel plates and concrete filled composite shear wall (SCSW) was investigated. 9 1/5 scaled specimens were conducted under horizontal cyclic load and constant vertical load. The parameters such as the space of studs, the vertical load, the form of connectors, and the thickness of the steel plate were designed to research the affection on the buckling of the steel plate. According to the results of tests, it can be seen that the bulge of the steel plate occurred at about 50mm above the top of the foundation beam. The bulge can be connected as a whole in the specimens with studs only, but not in the specimens with stiffeners. Finite element models were performed to simulate the buckling behavior of the steel plate, and the results were found to be in good agreement with the test results. The buckling stress of the steel plate was calculated by equations based on the measuring data. It was found that they were smaller than that of finite element analysis. The more accurate simulation was needed.
Bases conceptuales del Derecho a la información
Authors: Arroyo Kalis Juan Ángel
Published: June 2019

En el presente ensayo, el autor se plantea como objetivo exponer la relevancia que para la democracia posee el derecho a la información. En este sentido, se analiza tal derecho a partir de la descripción de los principales elementos conceptuales que el mismo comprende, tales como su carácter de derecho autónomo, concepto, objeto y contenido; lo anterior, sin ignorar la situación que prevalece en México con relación al referido derecho fundamental.
Tumores mamarios y mamoglogina humana
Authors: Aristizabal Pachón Andrés Felipe
Published: June 2019

Este documento de trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar un breve y claro panorama desde una visión molecular del carcinoma mamario y de los nuevos marcadores tumorales, como la mamoglobina humana. Este tipo de cáncer en especial, ha tomado gran relevancia en los últimos años, ya que ha venido incrementando su incidencia, sobre todo en países en vía de desarrollo, lo que hace necesario continuar en la búsqueda de nuevos marcadores moleculares, para un diagnóstico precoz. A lo largo del texto, se presenta el panorama actual del carcinoma mamario a nivel mundial y profundizando en el ámbito nacional, siguiendo por los factores asociados al aumento de la susceptibilidad a su aparición y desarrollo, enfocando en los genes y vías moleculares, recientemente estudiadas, que pueden ser blancos de estudio, para el desarrollo de nuevos marcadores tumorales. En este sentido, se profundiza en una interesante molécula, la mamoglobina humana, que es expresión exclusiva del epitelio mamario y que tiene un gran potencial clínico. En este documento presentamos algunas moléculas involucradas en la aparición y desarrollo tumoral, las cuales puedes convertirse en valiosas herramientas de pronóstico y merecen ser objeto de proyectos de investigación en nuestra población.
Guía de arreglo y aseo de unidad
Authors: Suárez Gaviria Lina Marcela
Published: June 2019

La Unidad del paciente o del usuario, es aquella que está compuesta por el espacio de la habitación, el mobiliario y los elementos que utiliza durante su estancia hospitalaria. Cuando encontramos habitaciones con varias camas, cada unidad debe estar aislada de la otra con cortinas o biombos (en material lavable), con el fin de velar y asegurar la intimidad de cada usuario. Cuando las habitaciones son de tipo individual, no solo el mobiliario sino el espacio físico, son considerados como la unidad del paciente.La limpieza o el aseo diario de la unidad, juega un papel muy importante en el estado de ánimo, recuperación y comodidad del paciente, debido a que si hay un ambiente adecuado y un óptimo estado de limpieza y aseo, van a favorecer y a agilizar la recuperación del paciente, por lo tanto, el personal de enfermería, es el responsable de mantener no sólo al paciente sino a la unidad en las mayores condiciones higiénicas, con el fin de prevenir el riesgo de complicaciones por otras enfermedades e infecciones.Por lo anterior, es de gran importancia que el estudiante de enfermería conozca la manera adecuada de realizar un óptimo aseo y desinfección de la unidad del paciente, de acuerdo al tipo de aseo que se requiera (diario y/o terminal).
Guía de Oxigenoterapia
Authors: Suárez Gaviria Lina Marcela
Published: June 2019

El oxígeno (O2) es un elemento químico inoloro, incoloro, poco soluble que constituye un 21% del aire e imprescindible para el desarrollo de celular. Es introducido hasta los alveolos donde se realiza el intercambio gaseoso con el dióxido de carbono (CO2). La oxigenoterapia es la modalidad terapéutica más usada y eficaz para el tratamiento de la hipoxemia. Consiste en la administración de aire enriquecido con oxígeno a mayor concentración que la del aire ambiente. Su eficacia está determinada por el dispositivo de suministro seleccionado. Se debe conseguir un equilibrio perfecto entre la comodidad y tolerancia del paciente y la eficacia de la interfase. El uso de oxígeno, no está exento de riesgos asociados por lo que su manipulación debe estar a mano de profesionales, actualmente siendo enfermería el colectivo responsable. La capacitación de este grupo resulta determinante.Es de suma importancia que el estudiante conozca y maneje los diferentes sistemas de suministro de oxígeno al paciente, y con ello brindarle la comodidad y seguridad que necesita para mejorar su estado de salud.
Paciente diabético: un riesgo de infección del sitio quirúrgico
Authors: Trujillo Pedroza Paula Melissa , Serrato Zapata Katherine , Acevedo Osorio Germán Oved
Published: June 2019

Los pacientes con diabetes a menudo requiere algún  procedimiento quirúrgico en el que se les realice un proceso diagnóstico invasivo, e incluso puede ser llevado a cabo si se requiere de emergencia. Actualmente, los riesgos que pueden haber en cirugía con una persona diabética han disminuido gracias a los avances que se han presentado en los procedimientos  anestésicos y al control metabólico perioperatorio; no obstante, las posibles complicaciones siguen siendo frecuentes, y estas pueden ocasionar una hospitalización bastante prolongada con un porcentaje mayor de invalidez. Entendiendo que la Diabetes Mellitus (DM) se presenta como uno de los principales factores de riesgo para infección de sitio quirúrgico (ISQ) y que las complicaciones que se presenten pueden llevar a riesgos potenciales en la calidad de vida de los pacientes, principalmente cuando son sometidos a cirugía. Esto es justificado tratando de entender cómo la diabetes contribuye en la incidencia de infecciones de pacientes a quienes se les realizó una cirugía. Metodología de Búsqueda: Se realizó búsqueda minuciosa en las bases de datos PUBMED, MEDLINE Y SCIELO, a través un gestor de búsqueda utilizando varios términos como: “infecciones”, “heridas quirúrgicas”, “Diabetes mellitus”, en el cual se obtuvo un total de 50 artículos de revistas en línea, de los cuales fueron seleccionados 30. Resultados: Al realizar esta búsqueda se pudo evidenciar que la DM puede causar grandes alteraciones en las respuesta inflamatorias, disfunciones microvasculares y un mayor porcentaje de estrés oxidativo, lo cual es evidenciado en procesos de cicatrización anormal y prolongado, ocasionando altas tasas de infección e inclusive, pérdidas de colgajos; y que lo principal es un preciso manejo preoperatorio, encaminado a lograr disminuir la incidencia de complicaciones y aumentar así el éxito quirúrgico.
Tecnologías de acceso a la información para personas con discapacidad visual
Authors: Beltrán Chamorro Edwin
Published: June 2019

En Colombia son grandes los avances frente a lo normativo y tecnológico para garantizar el acceso a la información de la ciudadanía en general, sin embargo para quienes acceden a ella de formas diferentes ya sea porque tienen una discapacidad o porque sus condiciones tecnológicas no son las mejores, se requiere de un gran esfuerzo desde las entidades y desde las personas para un cambio en el paradigma de la publicación de contenidos en diferentes formatos, el desarrollo de software y todas aquellas herramientas que intervienen en el acceso a la información. Todo lo anterior se podría lograr a través de la utilización de estándares basados en el diseño universal, teniendo en cuenta que todas las personas tienen condiciones particulares.
Campo visual central y amsler
Authors: Pava Eduardo
Published: June 2019

La atención de la discapacidad visual está protegida por la constitución Colombia de 1991 y reglamentada por las leyes de educación, salud y trabajo entre otras, pero la operativización del servicio aún continúa limitada por la capacitación y cualificación de los diferentes profesionales para la prestación de los servicios en beneficio de la población con limitación visual. El simple desarrollo de la habilidad de un test como la rejilla de Amsler ayudara a desarrollar una habilidad funcional del campo visual central de las personas con baja visión. Alteración que platea la Organización Mundial de la Salud como la más prevalente en el cono suramericano.
Plan de mejoramiento del grupo de investigación Proyecta
Authors: Quilaguy Ayure Diana Milena , Ruiz Joya William Bernardo
Published: June 2019

Este documento presenta un plan de mejoramiento para el grupo de investigación Proyecta, el cual está vinculado a la Facultad de Diseño, Comunicación y Bellas Artes de la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina - sede Bogotá. Antecediendo al plan de mejoramiento, se incluyen los objetivos, los antecedentes del grupo, el estado del grupo (a octubre de 2018), y su proyección frente a la siguiente convocatoria de medición de grupos por parte del Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación - Colciencias. Con respecto al plan de mejoramiento, se incluyen algunas consideraciones a tener en cuenta, entre ellas, la obtención de productos resultados de actividades de generación de nuevo conocimiento, las líneas y los proyectos de investigación, el tiempo de dedicación de los investigadores a la actividad del grupo y la formación de cada uno de sus integrantes. Por otro lado, se presenta el tema de la actualización de la información registrada en el GrupLAC, las estrategias para el mejoramiento del grupo, tanto las acciones de sostenibilidad como las acciones proyectadas y el plan de acción establecido. La construcción de este documento partió de un ejercicio académico, el cual, una vez consolidado, se propuso publicarlo como un documento de trabajo con el cual se espera contribuir al conocimiento de la trayectoria del grupo Proyecta, especialmente para los integrantes del mismo, y así mismo aportar información útil para la formulación de acciones concretas que conlleven al fortalecimiento del grupo de investigación.
Debido proceso en los regímenes penitenciarios de Colombia, Chile y Mexico, según el Derecho comparado
Authors: Agudelo Salazar Bibiana , Núñez Guzmán Claudia , Castañeda Ceballos William Dagnover , Jiménez Villarraga Cesar
Published: June 2019

El presente trabajo de investigación académica de derecho comparado, consiste en la descripción y análisis de los diferentes regímenes disciplinarios de los internos de acuerdo con el debido proceso entre los países Colombia, Chile y México, enfocado en tres fuentes jurídicas, la normatividad, la jurisprudencia y la doctrina, a través de los cuales se pudo establecer las diferencias y semejanzas entre los tres países que comparten una misma tradición jurídica.
Comparación del Derecho de Petición de la población carcelaria entre Colombia, Chile y Nicaragua
Authors: Betancur Duque Edna Victoria , Eusse Palacio Erika Yurany , Ossa García Gustavo Adolfo , Perea Mena Yirfa Mercedes
Published: June 2019

Este  trabajo tiene como propósito  abordar como  tema central el Derecho de petición en los países de Colombia, Chile y Nicaragua,  con la cual se pretende, mediante una investigación, la identificación de cómo el mecanismo del derecho de petición ha permitido que la población carcelaria pueda acceder de manera oportuna al grupo de derechos, especialmente los que son catalogados como fundamentales, analizando las similitudes y diferencias sustanciales con los países analizados.
Signos vitales e índice de masa corporal
Authors: Suárez Gaviria Lina Marcela
Published: June 2019

Es importante que el estudiante de enfermería desarrolle las destrezas y habilidades necesarias  de manera temprana que lo guíen hacia una buena toma de signos vitales, siendo inevitable realizar el aprestamiento de una manera efectiva, integrando los saberes teórico-prácticos en la atención directa de los pacientes.Los signos vitales son unas de las actividades más frecuentes realizadas por los prestadores de salud realizadas en el día a día entre cada paciente como signos de estabilidad hemodinámica. Los signos vitales, temperatura, respiración, pulso y tensión arterial son parámetros a través de los cuales es posible evaluar la salud de un individuo, pues sus valores se mantienen constantes dentro de ciertos límites, en estado de normalidad. La valoración de los signos vitales es una de las funciones del personal de enfermería que permite detectar alteraciones potenciales o reales, modificatorias del equilibrio bio-físico del individuo. Esta valoración constituye el punto de partida en la toma de decisiones objetivas que determinan un cuidado reflexivo e individualizado al paciente.Otro parámetro importante, es el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), valorado también por el profesional de enfermería, cuya relación entre el peso y la talla o estatura, permiten determinar si una persona está por encima o por debajo del peso ideal de acuerdo a su talla.
2550m3高炉冷却壁治理提高产量降低燃料比实践
Authors: 袁 国银
Published: June 2019

南钢2号高炉（2550m3）连续生产已近13年，炉内冷却壁漏水严重，影响高炉操作炉型，通过查水方法的优化，炉内操作制度的优化实现了炉役后期高炉的低成本、高效率生产。
关于对建筑工程中混凝土施工技术的质量控制
Authors: 傅 子龙
Published: June 2019

混凝土，是建筑工程施工中最常见的，也是颇为重要的施工材料之一。混凝土的真实质量，对于整个工程的质量都是有着非常显著的影响的。如今，国内正在大力开展经济建设，工程建筑项目也是层出不穷，混凝土施工作为工程施工最为关键的部分，对于工程的质量具有非常重要的影响，针对建筑工程建筑混凝土的施工过程中存下的问题分析，并提出一些建议。
浅谈对5G核心网演进方向的展望
Authors: 党 信进 , 王 谊
Published: June 2019

对于4G核心网EPC的局限性。毫无疑问的是，未来5G核心网应该且克服EPC的这些缺陷，才能够面对越来越多样化的需求，从而实现广泛且长久的应用。核心网的连接具有一定的单独性，所有的各种类型的线路的连接，核心网应该具备较强的集合性，这样才可以确保连接无关，进而能够有效的提升整个系统的运行的高效性，减少资源的损失。
全过程工程造价在建筑经济管理中的重要性探讨
Authors: 羊 鹏
Published: June 2019

建筑行业快速发展对社会经济会产生重要影响，近些年相关部门对建筑经济管理中全过程造价关注度在不断提升。但是建筑工程管理中各项问题复杂程度较高，造价管理与控制方面存在诸多问题，对建筑经济发展具有较大限制性。在建筑管理中工程造价是重要内容，对项目建设整体资金投入与控制具有重要作用。
探研公路桥梁隧道工程项目建设管理
Authors: 杨 志
Published: June 2019

在制定公路桥梁隧道工程施工方案时应充分的结合施工地点的自然条件、地基要求等，并根据需求对方案进行完善，在此基础上保证工程的建设质量与安全，提升其使用效率。同时在进行公路桥梁隧道工程建设管理工作时应做好各个部门间的协调工作，保证施工中所使用的资源、材料等可以得到合理的配置，并合理的控制建设速度，提升建设管理的效率，为公路桥梁隧道工程质量奠定基础。
Analyzing Students' Toefl Test Of English Education Deparment Of STKIP Muhammadiyah Enrekang
Authors: Jabri Umiyati
Published: June 2019

This study aims to show students’ TOEFL score, sixth and eight semester  of English Education Department at  STKIP Muhammadiyah Enrekang. The research used descriptive design by quantitative approach. The sample is 40 students of English Education department. The research instrument used TOEFL  like test. Descriptive statistics showed the data analysis technique, mean and percentage. . For this study , students got problems in acquiring a TOEFL score with an average score 365 which was still at the basic  proficiency  category  (elementary).  From the data analyzing, the researcher found that  the highest problem faced by the studentsis is listening section where students got correct answers only 27%. The students got the lowest score is in the short dialogue with the percentage 35%. Then the structure and written expression,   students   got   average   score   lowest   in   the   aspect   of structure (completion) with  a  percentage  34%.  From  all  parts  of  the TOEFL test, none of the students got average score more than 50%.
Teaching Methods Used by Teachers in Primary Schools Inclusive
Authors: Veronika Veronika
Published: June 2019

This study aims that all children with special needs get the same rights to receive equal education in class together with their age friends. This research is a descriptive study, which seeks to describe the events that exist in the world of education, especially in terms of channeling knowledge to students. The type of research used in this study is qualitative research. The techniques used in collecting data are interview techniques and direct observation in schools. Education and diversity cannot be separated, what needs to be known is how education is able to unite differences by providing good educational equality. Good for normal children and those with special needs. The purpose of education is to encourage good change, both for individuals, groups and even groups. Inclusive education is child-friendly education, which means that from every system that services are provided to students who have learning disabilities or special needs to learn in ordinary class schools along with their friends.
Implementation of the Student Facilitator and Explaining Model in Learning Skills of Reading Skills in SD
Authors: Sri Maruti Endang
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the implementation of the Student Facilitator Model and Explaining learning model through the media of illustrated story books in improving initial reading skills for first grade students of SDN 01 Taman Kota Madiun 2018/2019 Academic Year. This research includes descriptive qualitative research. By using the phenomenology approach. Data collection techniques are based on data sources, namely RPP, syllabus, observation, interviews. Closed questionnaire. Documentation. The data analysis technique used is the data analysis model of Miles and Huberman. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that in the Implementation of the Student Facilitator and Explaining learning model using media illustrated storybooks in Indonesian language lessons are innovative. Based on the results of interviews, documentation, observation and giving questionnaires. Student responses are categorized as good, students' enthusiasm in learning Indonesian language lessons is increasing. Students become fond of learning and student collaboration is also formed in group activities so as to be able to foster a positive attitude towards students in their social interactions.
INCREASING THE MATHEMATICIS LEARNING THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF VOCATIONAL MATHEMATICS MODULES OF STKIP MUHAMMADIYAH ENREKANG
Authors: Djafar Suarti , Nadar Nadar , Arwan Arwan
Published: June 2019

This research is Classroom Action Research which will be carried out in two cycles and through several stages in each cycle, namely planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in mathematics learning outcomes of STKIP Muhammadiyah Enrekang students through the development of vocational mathematics modules. The subjects of this study were the fourth semester students of the 2018/2019 academic year study program in mathematics, totaling 10 people. The data collection technique that will be used is a test of student learning outcomes conducted at the end of each cycle, observation, reflection and student responses. The implementation plan begins with asking questions, thinking together and answering; 2) Application of the development of vocational mathematics modules about improving the learning outcomes of the mathematics education study program STKIP Muhammadiyah Enrekang. The goals and objectives of education held at the mathematics education study program of STKIP Muhammadiyah Enrekang can be achieved well, in order to produce vocational math modules for mathematics education study programs.
Comparison of Primiparas Using Non-painless and Painless Resulting in Physical Symptoms and Apgar Score
Authors: Lee Hsiao Lu , Ching-lan Lee
Published: June 2019

Comparison of primiparas using non-painless and painless resulting in physical symptoms and Apgar score background Using painless methods for childbirth can indeed help mothers relieve pain, blocking sensory nerves that cause labor pain. However, primiparas would not be able to feel uterine contractions at the same time, or difficultly put a lot of strength into labor, sometimes even applying forces incorrectly during the second stage of labor, leading to extended labor time. Another study showed the opposite result – reduction in labor time. Due to less painless labor studies conducted on Asian women, this study aims to explore the impact painless labors have on maternal Asians.
Antimicrobial Drug Administration and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolates Originating from the Broiler Production Value Chain in Nigeria
Authors: Oloso Nurudeen Olalekan , Adeyemo Ismail Adewuyi , van Heerden Henriette , Fasanmi Olubunmi Gabriel , Fasina Folorunso Oludayo
Published: June 2019

Salmonella is among the pathogens on the high global priority lists for monitoring for studies on the discovery of new antimicrobials and understanding of how antimicrobial resistance (AMR) develops. AMR in connection with antibiotic usage patterns has been considered as a strong factor and contributor to the AMR pool. The purposes of use, pattern of antimicrobial drug administration, as well as the prevalence of AMR in Salmonella originating from the Nigeria broiler production value chain (NBPVC) was explored. A well-structured questionnaire on antimicrobial usage (n = 181) was used for sampling that focused on 21 antimicrobials from 151 locations. Simultaneously, AMR testing for 18 commonly used antimicrobials on Salmonella in humans was also carried out. Antimicrobial resistance Salmonella spp. were isolated in 23% of the samples (261 of 1135 samples from the broiler input, products, and the environment) using modified ISO 6579 and invA PCR protocols. Over 80% of the antimicrobials used in the NBPVC were administered without a veterinarian prescription. Prevalence of antimicrobial administration without prescription were as follows: live-bird-market (100%), hatchery (86.7%), grow-out-farm (75%), and breeder (66.7%). Widespread prophylactic and metaphylactic use of antimicrobials were recorded with the highest use seen for enrofloxacin (63% and 24%), tetracycline (58% and 33%), and erythromycin (50% and 17%). Antimicrobial resistance was highest for flumequine (100%), penicillin (95%), and perfloxacin (89%). High levels of use without laboratory support of a newer generation of a class of antibiotics suspected to confer high resistance on older generations of the same class (quinolones) was observed.
Analysis of Aerodynamic Noise Characteristics of High-Speed Train Pantograph with Different Installation Bases
Authors: Yao Yongfang , Sun Zhenxu , Yang Guowei , Liu Wen , Prapamonthon Prasert
Published: June 2019

The high-speed-train pantograph is a complex structure that consists of different rod-shaped and rectangular surfaces. Flow phenomena around the pantograph are complicated and can cause a large proportion of aerodynamic noise, which is one of the main aerodynamic noise sources of a high-speed train. Therefore, better understanding of aerodynamic noise characteristics is needed. In this study, the large eddy simulation (LES) coupled with the acoustic finite element method (FEM) is applied to analyze aerodynamic noise characteristics of a high-speed train with a pantograph installed on different configurations of the roof base, i.e. flush and sunken surfaces. Numerical results are presented in terms of acoustic pressure spectra and distributions of aerodynamic noise in near-field and far-field regions under up- and down-pantograph as well as flushed and sunken pantograph base conditions. The results show that the pantograph with the sunken base configuration provides better aerodynamic noise performances when compared to that with the flush base configuration. The noise induced by the down-pantograph is higher than that by the up-pantograph under the same condition under the pantograph shape and opening direction selected in this paper. The results also indicate that, in general, the directivity of the noise induced by the down-pantograph with sunken base configuration is slighter than that with the flush configuration. However, for the up-pantograph, the directivity is close to each other in Y-Z or X-Z plane whether it is under flush or sunken roof base condition. However, the sunken installation is still conducive to the noise environment on both sides of the track.
Pedestrian and Cyclist Detection and Intent Estimation for Autonomous Vehicles: A Survey
Authors: Ahmed Sarfraz , Huda M. Nazmul , Rajbhandari Sujan , Saha Chitta , Elshaw Mark , Kanarachos Stratis
Published: June 2019

As autonomous vehicles become more common on the roads, their advancement draws on safety concerns for vulnerable road users, such as pedestrians and cyclists. This paper presents a review of recent developments in pedestrian and cyclist detection and intent estimation to increase the safety of autonomous vehicles, for both the driver and other road users. Understanding the intentions of the pedestrian/cyclist enables the self-driving vehicle to take actions to avoid incidents. To make this possible, development of methods/techniques, such as deep learning (DL), for the autonomous vehicle will be explored. For example, the development of pedestrian detection has been significantly advanced using DL approaches, such as; Fast Region-Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) , Faster R-CNN and Single Shot Detector (SSD). Although DL has been around for several decades, the hardware to realise the techniques have only recently become viable. Using these DL methods for pedestrian and cyclist detection and applying it for the tracking, motion modelling and pose estimation can allow for a successful and accurate method of intent estimation for the vulnerable road users. Although there has been a growth in research surrounding the study of pedestrian detection using vision-based approaches, further attention should include focus on cyclist detection. To further improve safety for these vulnerable road users (VRUs), approaches such as sensor fusion and intent estimation should be investigated.
Microbial Beta Glucosidase Enzymes: Recent Advances in Biomass Conversation for Biofuels Application
Authors: Srivastava Neha , Rathour Rishabh , Jha Sonam , Pandey Karan , Srivastava Manish , Thakur Vijay Kumar , Sengar Rakesh Singh , Gupta Vijai K. , Mazumder Pranab Behari , Khan Ahamad Faiz , Mishra Pradeep Kumar
Published: June 2019

The biomass to biofuels production process is green, sustainable, and an advanced technique to resolve the current environmental issues generated from fossil fuels. The production of biofuels from biomass is an enzyme mediated process, wherein β-glucosidase (BGL) enzymes play a key role in biomass hydrolysis by producing monomeric sugars from cellulose-based oligosaccharides. However, the production and availability of these enzymes realize their major role to increase the overall production cost of biomass to biofuels production technology. Therefore, the present review is focused on evaluating the production and efficiency of β-glucosidase enzymes in the bioconversion of cellulosic biomass for biofuel production at an industrial scale, providing its mechanism and classification. The application of BGL enzymes in the biomass conversion process has been discussed along with the recent developments and existing issues. Moreover, the production and development of microbial BGL enzymes have been explained in detail, along with the recent advancements made in the field. Finally, current hurdles and future suggestions have been provided for the future developments. This review is likely to set a benchmark in the area of cost effective BGL enzyme production, specifically in the biorefinery area.
Flexibility in Metal–Organic Frameworks: A Basic Understanding
Authors: Aljammal Noor , Jabbour Christia , Chaemchuen Somboon , Juzsakova Tatjána , Verpoort Francis
Published: June 2019

Much has been written about the fundamental aspects of the metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Still, details concerning the MOFs with structural flexibility are not comprehensively understood. However, a dramatic increase in research activities concerning rigid MOFs over the years has brought deeper levels of understanding for their properties and applications. Nonetheless, robustness and flexibility of such smart frameworks are intriguing for different research areas such as catalysis, adsorption, etc. This manuscript overviews the different aspects of framework flexibility. The review has touched lightly on several ideas and proposals, which have been demonstrated within the selected examples to provide a logical basis to obtain a fundamental understanding of their synthesis and behavior to external stimuli.
Pediatric Massage Therapy Research: A Narrative Review
Authors: Field Tiffany
Published: June 2019

This narrative review on pediatric massage literature from the last decade suggests that massage therapy has positive effects on several pediatric conditions. These include preterm infant growth, psychological problems including aggression, gastrointestinal problems including constipation and diarrhea, painful conditions including burns and sickle cell, muscle tone disorders including cerebral palsy and Down syndrome, and chronic illnesses including diabetes, asthma cancer, and HIV. Potential underlying mechanisms for the massage therapy effects include increased vagal activity and decreased stress hormones. Limitations of the literature include the need for more randomized controlled trials, longitudinal studies, and underlying mechanism studies.
Performance Analysis of Hard-Switching Based Hybrid FSO/RF System over Turbulence Channels
Authors: Khalid Hira , Muhammad Sajid Sheikh , Nistazakis Hector E. , Tombras George S.
Published: June 2019

The hybrid system of free space optic (FSO) and radio frequency (RF) has come forth as alternative good solution for increasing demand for high data rates in wireless communication networks. In this paper, wireless networks with hard-switching between FSO and RF link are analyzed, assuming that at a certain time point either one of the two links are active, with FSO link having higher priority. As the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of FSO link falls below a certain selected threshold, the RF link is activated. In this work, it is assumed that the FSO link follows Gamma-Gamma fading due to the atmospheric turbulence effect whereas RF link experiences Rayleigh fading. To analyze the proposed hybrid model, analytical expressions are derived for the outage probability, bit error rate and ergodic capacity. A numerical comparison is also done between the performances of the proposed hybrid FSO/RF model and the single FSO model.
Eco-design and Eco-efficiency Competencies Development in Engineering and Design Students
Authors: Neto Victor
Published: June 2019

The development of vital competencies and a mindset to rethink products, production, and business models in engineering and design students is presently of great importance. These future professionals will play a key role in the development of sustainable products. Within Eco-design and Eco-efficiency curricular unit, an assignment was developed that consisted of the development of an eco-design and eco-efficiency study of a given product, provided by a real industrial company. In this paper, the challenge description and application are reported, as well as the key conclusions.
A Compact Crossed Inverted-V Antenna with a Common Reflector for Polarization Diversity in the IoT
Authors: Park Kibeom , Joung Jingon , Lim Sungjoon , Lee Han Lim
Published: June 2019

This article presented a compact and high gain antenna with reconfigurable polarization based on two inverted-V dipoles fabricated in a crossed configuration, and with a common planar reflector. The proposed antenna could generate four different types of polarizations, such as vertical polarization (VP), horizontal polarization (HP), right-hand circular polarization (RHCP), and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP). A pair of inverted-V dipoles drove the polarization diversity, where each dipole had an integrated matching circuit and a microstrip balun. Using a crossed inverted-V configuration with a ground plane as the common reflector, we could achieve compactness in size, high directivity, and a wider beamwidth than a normal dipole antenna. To verify the performance of the proposed antenna, we fabricated a sub-6GHz antenna with a Taconic TLX-9 substrate, which had a relative permittivity of 2.5. The proposed antenna showed a measured 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 752 MHz (5.376 GHz to 6.128 GHz). The peak gains for the VP, HP, RHCP and LHCP operations at 5.8 GHz were about 5.2 dBi, 4.61 dBi, 5.25 dBic, and 5.51 dBic, respectively. In addition, the half-power beamwidth (HPBW) for all the polarizations were greater than 78° in the operation band.
A Wide-Frequency Constant-Amplitude Transmitting Circuit for Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Detection Transmitter
Authors: Wang Xiujuan , Fu Zhihong , Wang Yao , Wang Wendong , Liu Wei , Zhao Junli
Published: June 2019

In this paper, a novel AC magnetic transmitter current source circuit is proposed for application of frequency domain electromagnetic method (FEM) prospecting. The proposed current source circuit is capable of generating high frequency and high constant amplitude currents, which are key technical problems for FEM. It is suitable for very wide frequencies. The main circuit of the proposed current source consists of a rising-edge enhancing unit, a constant current control unit, and a high voltage clamping unit. Large constant clamping voltage is applied during the rising edge and the falling edge of the alternating square current to obtain a high frequency and high linearity current source. On the current flat stage, the constant current unit provides the energy to the load to ensure the constant amplitude of the output current. Detailed operations of the proposed magnetic current source are given. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed circuit achieves short reversal time, the linearity of the rising/falling edge, constant amplitude and low power loss. These are the desired characteristics of the ac square current source probing transmitter for the magnetic FEM applications.
High-Isolation Leaky-Wave Array Antenna Based on CRLH-Metamaterial Implemented on SIW with ±30o Frequency Beam-Scanning Capability at Millimetre-Waves
Authors: Alibakhshikenari Mohammad , Virdee Bal Singh , See Chan H. , Abd-Alhameed Raed A. , Falcone Francisco , Limiti Ernesto
Published: June 2019

The paper presents a feasibility study on the design of a new metamaterial leaky-wave antenna (MTM-LWA) used in the construction of a 1 × 2 array which is implemented using substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology for millimetre-wave beamforming applications. The proposed 1 × 2 array antenna consists of two LWAs with metamaterial unit-cells etched on the top surface of the SIW. The metamaterial unit-cell, which is an E-shaped transverse slot, causes leakage loss and interrupts current flow over SIW to enhance the array’s performance. The dimensions of the LWA are 40 × 10 × 0.75 mm3. Mutual-coupling between the array elements is suppressed by incorporating a metamaterial shield (MTM-shield) between the two antennas in the array. The LWA operates over a frequency range of 55–65 GHz, which is corresponding to 16.66% fractional bandwidth. The array is shown to exhibit beam-scanning of ±30° over its operating frequency range. Radiation gain in the backward (−30°), broadside (0°), and forward (+30°) directions are 8.5 dBi, 10.1 dBi, and 9.5 dBi, respectively. The decoupling slab is shown to have minimal effect on the array’s performance in terms of impedance bandwidth and radiation specifications. The MTM-shield is shown to suppress the mutual coupling by ~25 dB and to improve the radiation gain and efficiency by ~1 dBi and ~13% on average, respectively.
A Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Method Based on GIS Technology and an AHP-Weighted Information Content Method: A Case Study of Southern Anhui, China
Authors: He Handong , Hu Di , Sun Qun , Zhu Lei , Liu Yanrong
Published: June 2019

Based on geographic information system (GIS) technology in conjunction with two methods for assessing landslide susceptibility (LS)—namely, a method using experts’ knowledge and experience, and a mathematical/statistical method—the LS of southern Anhui, China is assessed using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) via an AHP-weighted information content method. Landslide-affecting factors are categorized into three main types and 10 subtypes. The values of spatial characteristics of the landslide-affecting factors are obtained using GIS technology. The AHP method is then employed to compare the importance and weights of landslide-affecting factors. The information content method is used to convert the measured values of the landslide-affecting factors in the study area to data reflecting regional stability. The closeness of the relationships between the classification levels of each landslide-affecting factor and landslide occurrence are calculated. The LS of the study area is assessed using the proposed method. The LS assessment shows that high LS, relatively high LS, moderate LS, relatively low LS and low LS regions account for 21.3%, 20.6%, 20.1%, 11.7% and 26.3% of the study area, respectively. Finally, the accuracy of the LS assessment results is analyzed using two methods: the assessment, including an analysis of random landslide sites for the validating models; and the area below a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of area under curve (AUC) value. The results show that the proportion of landslide sites in the regions of each LS level determined using the AHP-weighted information content method increases as the LS level increases, and that the accuracies of the AHP-weighted information content method were 8.1% and 5.7% higher than those of the AHP method and information content method, respectively.
Spelling Correction of Non-Word Errors in Uyghur–Chinese Machine Translation
Authors: Dong Rui , Yang Yating , Jiang Tonghai
Published: June 2019

This research was conducted to solve the out-of-vocabulary problem caused by Uyghur spelling errors in Uyghur–Chinese machine translation, so as to improve the quality of Uyghur–Chinese machine translation. This paper assesses three spelling correction methods based on machine translation: 1. Using a Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) score; 2. Using a Chinese language model; 3. Using a bilingual language model. The best results were achieved in both the spelling correction task and the machine translation task by using the BLEU score for spelling correction. A maximum F1 score of 0.72 was reached for spelling correction, and the translation result increased the BLEU score by 1.97 points, relative to the baseline system. However, the method of using a BLEU score for spelling correction requires the support of a bilingual parallel corpus, which is a supervised method that can be used in corpus pre-processing. Unsupervised spelling correction can be performed by using either a Chinese language model or a bilingual language model. These two methods can be easily extended to other languages, such as Arabic.
Profiling Murchison Soluble Organic Matter for New Organic Compounds with APPI- and ESI-FT-ICR MS
Authors: Hertzog Jasmine , Naraoka Hiroshi , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe
Published: June 2019

The investigation of the abundant organic matter in primitive meteorite such as carbonaceous chondrites is of major interest in the field of origin of life. In this study, the soluble organic fraction of the Murchison meteorite was analyzed by atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), in both detection modes. Such an approach ensured that we obtained an extensive description of the organic matter of the CM2 meteorite. Indeed, while in total close to 16,000 unique features were assigned, only 4% are common to all analyses, illustrating the complementarity of both the detection modes and the ionization sources. ESI FT-ICR MS analysis, in negative-ion mode, ensured to observe specifically CHOS and CHNOS species, whereas the positive-ion mode is more dedicated to the detection of CHNO and CHN species. Moreover, new organomagnesium components were observed in (+) ESI. Eventually, (+) APPI FT-ICR MS analysis was a preferred method for the detection of less polar or nonpolar species such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons but also heteroatom aromatic species composing the organic matter of Murchison.
Investigating Prebiotic Protocells for a Comprehensive Understanding of the Origins of Life: A Prebiotic Systems Chemistry Perspective
Authors: Lopez Augustin , Fiore Michele
Published: June 2019

Protocells are supramolecular systems commonly used for numerous applications, such as the formation of self-evolvable systems, in systems chemistry and synthetic biology. Certain types of protocells imitate plausible prebiotic compartments, such as giant vesicles, that are formed with the hydration of thin films of amphiphiles. These constructs can be studied to address the emergence of life from a non-living chemical network. They are useful tools since they offer the possibility to understand the mechanisms underlying any living cellular system: Its formation, its metabolism, its replication and its evolution. Protocells allow the investigation of the synergies occurring in a web of chemical compounds. This cooperation can explain the transition between chemical (inanimate) and biological systems (living) due to the discoveries of emerging properties. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of relevant concept in prebiotic protocell research.
Half-Metallic Property Induced by Double Exchange Interaction in the Double Perovskite Bi2BB′O6 (B, B′ = 3d Transitional Metal) via First-Principles Calculations
Authors: Lin Hong-Zong , Hu Chia-Yang , Lee Po-Han , Yan Albert Zhong-Ze , Wu Wen-Fang , Chen Yang-Fang , Wang Yin-Kuo
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we identify three possible candidate series of half-metals (HM) from Bi-based double perovskites Bi2BB′O6 (BB′ = transition metal ions) through calculations utilizing the density functional theory (DFT) and full-structural optimization, in which the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the strong correlation effect (GGA + U) are considered. After observing the candidate materials under four types of magnetic states, i.e., ferromagnetic (FM), ferrimagnetic (FiM), antiferromagnetic (AF), and nonmagnetic (NM), we found eight promising candidates for half-metallic materials. Under the GGA scheme, there are three ferromagnetic-half-metal (FM-HM) materials, Bi2CrCoO6, Bi2CrNiO6 and Bi2FeNiO6, and three FiM-HM materials, Bi2FeZnO6, Bi2CrZnO6 and Bi2CoZnO6. With implementation of the Coulomb interaction correction (GGA + U), we find two stable half-metallic materials: Bi2CrNiO6 and Bi2CrZnO6. We determine that the stability of some of these materials are tied to the double exchange interaction, an indirect interaction within the higher powers of localized spin interaction among transition metals via oxygen ions. Found in half-metallic materials, and especially those in the ferromagnetic (FM) state, the double exchange interaction is recognized in the FM-HM materials Bi2CrCoO6 and Bi2FeNiO6.