bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can we detect regional differences in econometric analyses of the Norwegian timber supply?
Authors: Rørstad Per , Solberg Birger , Trømborg Erik
Published: January 2022

Forestry and forest industries are important for regional income and employment in Norway as well as in most North European countries, but few studies exist about factors affecting the timber supply at regional level. The main objective of this study is to estimate aggregated regional timber supply elasticities for six regions in Norway. Thereby we also test for regional differences, focusing on wood prices, standing stock volume and interest rate as explanatory variables. We have used three different statistical models (fixed and random effects panel models and first difference models) on regional data from the Norwegian forest inventory on standing volume and official statistics on harvested volumes, interest rate and prices of sawlogs and pulpwood for the period 1996â2016. Statistically significant different price elasticities are found in 12 out of total 15 pairs of regions. The price elasticity was lower and the volume elasticity higher in the western region compared to the other regions. The first difference models are best with respect to specification tests. The use of region specific price elasticities gives slightly better fit for the panel data models than using a uniform price parameter. The results show that the econometric specification influence the parameter values, and it is thus complicated to directly compare results in different timber supply studies. Regional differences in timber supply are important to consider.
A adição com números naturais em materiais de apoio para professores primários paulistas (1981–1988)
Authors: Silva Angelica da Fontoura Garcia , Duarte Aparecida Rodrigues Silva , Silva Valdir Amâncio da
Published: January 2022

Este artigo examina como a adição com números naturais para a primeira série do Ciclo Básico do Ensino Fundamental está proposta no material de apoio ao currículo intitulado Atividades Matemáticas, publicado em 1981 e na Proposta Curricular para o Ensino de Matemática, 1º Grau do Estado de São Paulo de 1988, com o propósito de identificar elementos de aproximações e distanciamentos sobre o ensino da adição presentes nesses manuais.  Foi possível constatar que, embora com finalidades diferentes, notam-se pontos comuns nessas obras, em especial, a sugestão para que o professor oferecesse condições para que os alunos pudessem vivenciar situações que permitissem a compreensão e memorização dos procedimentos de cálculo por meio de materiais manipuláveis, incorporando experiências do cotidiano dos alunos antes da formalização. As reflexões aqui apresentadas podem representar uma base de trabalho para prosseguimento de estudos relativos às orientações didático-metodológicas sobre o ensino das outras operações com números naturais presentes nestes documentos.
Educação municipal e a escola em tempo integral
Authors: Neto Alfredo Alcure , Nossa Silvania Neris , Teixeira Aridelmo , Moreira Nadia Cardoso
Published: January 2022

O estudo se propôs verificar a associação entre I-Educ, indicador que compõe uma das dimensões do IEGM, com indicadores que acompanham o aprendizado dos alunos e as matrículas em tempo integral. Adotou-se como período de análise os anos de 2015 e 2017 nos municípios dos Estados brasileiros, totalizando 7.852 observações. Metodologicamente, foi proposto um modelo no qual o I-Educ atua como variável dependente, e a Prova Brasil, TRM, ETI e IRD como variáveis independentes, foram utilizados testes estatísticos para estimar a relação estudada, inclusive foi utilizada a análise de regressão probit e efeito marginal. Os resultados mostram uma relação positiva e significativa entre o I-Educ e as variáveis independentes Prova Brasil, TRM e ETI, não alcançando significância com o IRD. Este estudo avançou na literatura em direção à validação de um modelo de acompanhamento da política pública educacional municipal com foco no impacto gerado das ações de governo, auxiliando no monitoramento da política pública educacional. A contribuição prática desta pesquisa está em conferir aos Tribunais de Contas, gestores públicos e sociedade civil, embasamento estatístico da capacidade do I-Educ em avaliar a efetividade dos atos de gestão educacional, demonstrando que os quesitos aplicados, decorrente do monitoramento de infraestrutura e práticas administrativas, possibilitam o acompanhamento do aprendizado do aluno da rede pública municipal.
A internacionalização do ensino superior e a educação como serviço
Authors: Pessoni Rosemeire Aparecida Bom , Pessoni Arquimedes
Published: January 2022

A internacionalização do ensino, no contexto da globalização e como um serviço educacional é o foco desse artigo. A partir da década de 1990 tem-se uma visão da educação como serviço, regulamentada pela Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC) e o da concepção de transnacionalização frente à da soberania do Estado-nação. Nesse processo, as universidades têm sido direcionadas a se integrarem às demandas da reestruturação produtiva do capital, reguladas pela lógica de mercado na gestão dos sistemas de ensino superior. Os processos de internacionalização e globalização, bem como alguns aspectos da Educação Superior no Brasil, foram destacados, tendo como suporte teórico os seguintes autores, que, também têm se dedicado ao assunto e foram utilizados para a discussão: Azevedo (2015, 2016); Carvalho e Gonçalves Neto (2004); Dias (2012); Ferreira (2012); Fonseca, Esteves e Iorio (2015); Lombas e Sobral (2016); Morosini (2014) e Sguissardi (2008). Em última análise, o que se espera do desafio imposto à educação é que se consiga desenvolver nos estudantes competências para participar e interagir num mundo global, altamente competitivo que valoriza o ser flexível, criativo, capaz de encontrar soluções inovadoras para os problemas de amanhã. Nesse sentido, as políticas educacionais também têm sido alvo de acalorados debates e caminhado numa estreita relação com as transformações da sociedade do conhecimento.
A magia da realidade: mitos, ficção e ciência
Authors: Santos José Douglas Alves dos
Published: January 2022

Resenha de:
DAWKINS, Richard. A magia da realidade: como sabemos o que é verdade. Ilustrações de Dave McKean. Tradução de Laura Teixeira Motta. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2012.
Estratégias matemáticas de estudantes com síndrome de Down diante de situações do Campo Conceitual Aditivo
Authors: Tabaka Neusa Eliana Wollmann , Borges Fábio Alexandre , Nogueira Clélia Maria Ignatius , Moran Mariana
Published: January 2022

Este artigo apresenta uma investigaçãosustentada na teoria de Gérard Vergnaud por meio da qual se buscou analisar as estratégias matemáticas usadas por estudantes com Síndrome de Down (SD) frente a situações do campo conceitual aditivo e apresentadas com materiais multissensoriais. As situações foram desenvolvidas com cinco estudantes com SD de quatro escolas diferentes (uma Especial e as demais regulares) e de diferentes anos escolares: três dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental; um dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental e um do Ensino Médio. O trabalho foi organizado em etapas, sendo que as cinco primeiras foram destinadas a identificar os conhecimentos que os estudantes possuiam relacionados à Aritmética e a etapa 6 apresentou situações que possuiam tipologias diferentes. Os materiais para essa proposta foram desenvolvidos considerando uma perspectiva multissensorial. Cada participante desenvolveu as atividades individual e isoladamente, em dias e locais diferentes. A aplicação das atividades foi registrada em vídeo com posterior análise das ações dos participantes da pesquisa. Dentre os resultados, destaca-se a importância dos materiais multissensoriais no ensino e aprendizagem de Matemática para todos os estudantes, com destaque para aqueles com SD, evidenciando que é possível esses últimos resolverem situações do campo conceitual aditivo, desde que adaptadas às suas especificidades.
E daí? O ENEM não pode parar: concepções de avaliação do MEC durante a pandemia
Authors: Nazareth Henrique Dias Gomes de , Souza Renata da Silva
Published: January 2022

Durante o período de pandemia de COVID-19 que obrigou o fechamento das escolas em todo o país, o Ministério da Educação (MEC) se apressou para publicar o edital do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) mantendo as datas iniciais das provas. Assim, o governo federal tentava incutir no exame a defesa do presidente Jair Bolsonaro (sem partido) a favor da manutenção de uma normalidade artificial, contrária à recomendação de isolamento social. Após o anúncio, muitos setores se manifestaram contrários e o Senado aprovou um projeto de lei determinando o adiamento. Buscando compreender esse cenário, este artigo tem o objetivo de desnudar as concepções de avaliação presentes nos documentos e nas manifestações públicas do MEC. Entre as questões que guiam o artigo, estão: quais as concepções de avaliação que permeiam o caso em tela? O que significaria a decisão de manutenção das datas? E de que formas esse caso privilegia a manutenção de uma cultura de provas onde o desempenho se apresenta como objetivo final do ensino? Nesse caminho, foi realizada uma análise documental do edital, portarias relacionadas ao exame, peças publicitárias e pronunciamentos do ministro de educação. A partir das análises foi possível elucidar muitas contradições, como o fato do posicionamento do MEC atentar contra as finalidades do exame e ter o potencial de causar distorções que impossibilitariam o uso dos dados para avaliação da educação. Além disso, a disparidade nas condições de acesso tende a tornar a prova ainda menos equitativa, podendo acarretar o aumento da desigualdade no acesso ao ensino superior.
Portrait of Regional Trends in Liver Transplantation for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in the United States
Authors: Yuan Liyun , Hanlon Courtney L. , Terrault Norah , Alqahtani Saleh , Tamim Hani , Lai Michelle , Saberi Behnam
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the most common etiologies of liver transplantation (LT) in the United States. We investigated regional trends in waitlist candidates, LT rates, and recipient survival among patients with NASH.

METHODS:

Using the United Network for Organ Sharing database by Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network regions, we investigated waitlist registration, LT rates, and survival for NASH between January 2004 and December 2019.

RESULTS:

The absolute number and percentage of total LT performed for NASH increased substantially in all Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network regions. In 2019, region 11 had the highest percentage of NASH-related LT with 31.4% followed by region 10 (25.3%) and region 8 (23.1%). Between 2015 and 2019, region 5 had the highest rising percentage in LT for NASH at 208%, followed by region 1 (194%) and region 4 (183%). The proportion of NASH hepatocellular carcinoma (NASH-HCC) was the highest in region 9 at 37.7% and lowest in region 10 (19.2%), region 3 (20.6%), and region 11 (20.8%). In multivariate analysis, diabetes (HR 1.18, P < 0.001), dialysis before LT (hazard ratio [HR] 1.53, P < 0.001), HCC (HR 1.19, P < 0.00), portal vein thrombosis (HR 1.24, P < 0.001), donor age (HR 1.026, P = 0.03), and recipient age (HR 1.24, P = <0.001) were associated with worse survival.

DISCUSSION:

LT for patients with NASH has dramatically increased across all regions since 2004, but with substantial heterogeneity among regions in the proportion with HCC and post-LT survival. Identifying contributing factors to these regional differences is warranted.
Floodplain wetlands of eastern India in a changing climate: Trophic characterization, ecological status, and implications for fisheries
Authors: Puthiyottil M. , Sarkar U.K. , Lianthuamluaia L. , Karnatak G. , Hassan M.A. , Kumari S. , Ghosh B.D. , Das B.K.
Published: January 2022

India is endowed with vast floodplain wetland resources (0.5 million ha), which provide both livelihood and nutritional security to much of the rural populace. These biologically sensitive ecosystems are threatened by a range of anthropogenic and climatic factors. Assessment of their ecological vulnerability, and of the environmental threats that they face, is essential both in evaluating the health of these ecosystems and in developing sustainable management strategies for conservation and fisheries enhancement. In this context, eight wetlands in the Ganga basin were studied for two consecutive years across the seasons and were characterized ecologically based on chlorophyll a, primary productivity, and trophic state index. A warming temperature (+0.20 – +0.47 °C) and a decreasing total annual rainfall (257–580 mm) have been observed along the Ganga basin in the last three decades. The chlorophyll a (mean ± S.E.) content of the water varied from 4.08 ± 1.04 to 38.0 ± 14.11 µg l-1. The high primary productivity, gross primary productivity/plankton respiration ratio and trophic state index correlated positively with the high fish yield in the wetlands. Analysis of data based on Carlson's method revealed five wetlands in the eutrophic category, whereas based on Lamparelli's method, two wetlands fall into the eutrophic category. The Lamparelli TSI value ranged from 54.1 in Majharia to 65.8 in Kararia among the wetlands. The Bishnupur wetland in West Bengal and Kararia wetland in Bihar were found to be eutrophic due to cascading sewage incursion from nearby towns. These altered ecosystems with high TSI values were prudently exploited by selecting suitable fish species for high fish production, and a fish yield of 1200 kg ha-1 yr-1 was achieved in Bishnupur. The study revealed that eutrophic wetlands can be strategically managed for maintaining both ecosystem services and fish production. Careful selection of suitable fish species and stocking rate is crucial. The planned disposal and treatment of sewage is recommended to maintain the ecological health of floodplain wetlands for sustainable fisheries management in the context of a changing climate.
Enhancing adaptive capacity of wetland fishers through pen culture in the face of changing climate: A study from a tropical wetland, India
Authors: Karnatak Gunjan , Sarkar Uttam Kumar , Puthiyottil Mishal , Lianthuamluaia Lianthuamluaia , Ghosh Bandana Das , Bakshi Snigdha , Das Archan Kanti , Das Basanta Kumar
Published: January 2022

Wetlands are among the most productive of all aquatic ecosystems. In developing countries, millions of marginal fishers rely solely on wetlands for security of both nutrition and livelihood. The decline in wetland fisheries owing to anthropogenic and climatic changes has made fishers increasingly vulnerable. Pen culture can be an effective climate-resilient technology for enhancing fish production in shallow, macrophyte-choked, and multi-stake floodplain wetlands, especially in eastern and north-eastern India. In this context, pen culture was implemented as an adaptive measure in a tropical Gangetic wetland (Mathura) to enhance fish production and increase the adaptive capacity of fishers. Indian Major Carps, Gibelion catla, Labeo rohita, and Cirrhinus mrigala of initial size 10.4±.21g, 8.2 ± 0.48g, and 6.5 ± 0.23g respectively, were stocked at the ratio of 4:4:2 and at the rate of 30 fish m-2 each in pens of 100 m2 in duplicate. For purposes of conservation, Labeo bata and Gudusia chapra, 4.3 ± 0.18g and 3.8±.34g initial size, respectively, were stocked at the rate of 20 Nos.m-2 each at the ratio of 1:1. The fish were fed with commercial feed at the rate of 4% of body weight. A net survival of 82%, 87%, and 75% was recorded in Indian Major Carps, L. bata and G. chapra. A production of 380 kg IMC was achieved during 120 days of the culture period. L. bata achieved an average weight of 21.40 ± 0.34g during the 90-day culture period, with a survival rate of 87%. G. chapra attained an average weight of 16.5 ± 0.42g during the culture period, with a recorded survival rate of 75%. G. chapra was observed to spawn in the pen. The water quality inside pens and reference sites did not differ significantly (p >0.05). The produced fish were released in the wetland for fisheries enhancement. The present communication discusses the technological suitability and economic feasibility of adopting climate-resilient pen culture as an adaptation measure for enhancing the adaptive capacity of wetland fishers in the face of a changing climate.
ANALYSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS DYNAMICAL MODEL WITH DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF TREATMENT
Authors: Permatasari Anindita Henindya , Utomo Robertus Heri Soelistyo
Published: January 2022

A tuberculosis model that integrates pre-infection and active infection stages along with two treatment parameters was studied. The model also considered the death rate due to pre-tuberculosis infection. The basic reproduction ratio was used to investigate the local and global stability of the equilibrium point. The local stability of uninfected equilibrium was analysed using Routh Hurwitz criteria. The existence of endemic equilibrium was given. After we achieved the endemic equilibrium, the global stability of the endemic equilibrium was analyzed using the Lyapunov function. A numerical simulation was studied to illustrate the effect of the treatment on the spread of the tuberculosis disease.
Divergences entre les données administratives sur les infections associées aux soins de santé et les données issues de la surveillance active au Canada
Authors: Boulanger Virginie , Poirier Étienne , MacLaurin Anne , Quach Caroline
Published: January 2022

Contexte : Bien que le Canada dispose à la fois d’un système national de surveillance active et de données administratives pour la surveillance passive des infections associées aux soins de santé (IASS), chacun des deux systèmes présente des forces et des faiblesses au niveau de la collecte et de la communication des données. La surveillance active et la surveillance passive fonctionnent de manière indépendante, ce qui donne parfois des résultats divergents. Pour comprendre les divergences qui existent entre les données administratives sur la santé et les données issues de la surveillance active, un examen de la portée a été réalisé. Méthodes : Des recherches ont été menées dans les bases de données Medline, Embase et Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ainsi que dans la littérature grise pour trouver des études en anglais et en français évaluant l’utilisation de données administratives, seules ou en comparaison avec les données issues de la surveillance traditionnelle et réalisées au Canada entre 1995 et le 2 novembre 2020. Après avoir extrait les renseignements pertinents des articles sélectionnés, un résumé descriptif des résultats a été présenté, accompagné de suggestions pour améliorer les systèmes de surveillance, dans le but d’optimiser la qualité globale des données. Résultats : Seize articles répondaient aux critères d’inclusion, dont douze études observationnelles et quatre revues systématiques. Ces études ont démontré que l’utilisation d’une seule source de données administratives n’était pas assez précise pour la surveillance des IASS, par rapport à la surveillance active traditionnelle. Cependant, la combinaison de différentes sources de données ou la combinaison de données administratives et de données issues de la surveillance active en améliore la précision. Les systèmes de surveillance électronique peuvent également renforcer la surveillance en augmentant la capacité à détecter les IASS potentielles. Conclusion : Bien que la surveillance active des IASS ait produit les résultats les plus précis et demeure la norme d’excellence en la matière, l’intégration des données issues de la surveillance active et passive peut être optimisée. Les données administratives peuvent être utilisées pour renforcer la surveillance active traditionnelle. De futures études sont nécessaires pour évaluer la faisabilité et les avantages des solutions potentielles proposées pour l’utilisation des données administratives pour la surveillance et la déclaration des IASS au Canada.
The Yukon’s experience with COVID-19: Travel restrictions, variants and spread among the unvaccinated
Authors: McPhee-Knowles Sara , Hoffman Bryn , Kanary Lisa
Published: January 2022

The Yukon’s experience with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been an interesting one; the territory successfully implemented travel restrictions to limit importing the virus and rolled out vaccines quickly compared to most Canadian jurisdictions. However, the Yukon’s first wave of COVID-19 in June and July 2021 overwhelmed the healthcare system due to widespread transmission in unvaccinated children, youth and adults, despite high vaccination uptake overall and mandatory masking. This experience highlights the importance of continued support for public vaccination programs, widespread vaccine uptake in paediatric populations, and the judicious relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions in all Canadian jurisdictions as they reopen while more contagious variants emerge.
National FluWatch mid-season report, 2021–2022: Sporadic influenza activity returns
Authors: Bancej Christina , Rahal Abbas , Lee Liza , Buckrell Steven , Schmidt Kara , Nathalie Bastien Nathalie
Published: January 2022

Surveillance for Canada’s 2021–2022 seasonal influenza epidemic began in epidemiological week 35 (the week starting August 29, 2021) during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global public health emergency. In the 2021–2022 surveillance season to date, there has been a return of persistent sporadic influenza activity, and the first influenza-associated hospitalizations since mid-2020 have been reported. However, as of week 52 (week ending 01/01/2022) activity has remained sporadic, and no influenza-confirmed outbreaks or epidemic activity have been detected. There has been a delay or absence in several traditional seasonal influenza milestones, including the declared start of the influenza season, marked by a threshold of 5% positivity, which historically has occurred on average in week 47. The 429 sporadic detections reported in Canada to date have occurred in 31 regions across seven provinces/territories. Nearly half (n=155/335, 46.3%) of reported cases have been in the paediatric (younger than 19 years) population. Three-quarters of the cases were influenza A detections (n=323/429, 75.3%). Of the subtyped influenza A detections, A(H3N2) predominated (n=83/86, 96.5%). Of the 12 viruses characterized by the National Microbiology Laboratory, 11 were seasonal strains. Among the seasonal strains characterized, only one was antigenically similar to the strains recommended for the 2021–2022 Northern Hemisphere vaccine, though all were sensitive to the antivirals, oseltamivir and zanamivir. Until very recently, seasonal influenza epidemics had not been reported since March 2020. Evidence on the re-emergence of seasonal influenza strains in Canada following the A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic shows that influenza A(H3N2) and B epidemics ceased through the 2009–2010 season and second wave of A(H1N1)pdm09, but then re-emerged in subsequent seasons to predominate causing epidemics of higher intensity than in the pre-pandemic seasons. When and where seasonal influenza epidemic activity resumes cannot be predicted, but model-based estimates and historical post-pandemic patterns of intensified epidemics warrant continued vigilance through the usual season and for out-of-season re-emergence. In addition, ongoing population preparedness measures, such as annual influenza vaccination to mitigate the intensity and burden of future seasonal influenza epidemic waves, should continue.
Nation Building and Alevis During the Late Ottoman and Early Republican Periods: Within and Beyond the “National”
Authors: Elhan Nail
Published: January 2022

Alevism emerged as a political problem during the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century and was handled within the scope of modernisation, nationalism, and nation-building in the 19th and 20th centuries. Land losses of the Ottoman Empire and the loss of superiority against Europe pushed the state elites to make reforms and build a homogeneous structure from the population in the remaining lands. This situation gained different aspects and continued in the period of reforms and under the rule of the Committee of Union and Progress. During these periods, Alevis were seen as an internal threat while trying to be kept as a part of the whole. The new republican regime, which were built after the collapse of Ottoman Empire continued these policies that aimed at the Islamization and nationalisation of Alevis and their inclusion into the national community. Alevism became the target of different political movements, from Islamism to Turkism, of several governments during this period. This study identifies the approaches to Alevism during this period within the context of John Breuilly’s understanding of nationalism. In this regard, the late Ottoman and early Republican period nationalism policies and their attitudes toward Alevis will be the focal point of this study. The study will claim that different power centers during the late Ottoman and early Republican periods defined Alevis as within the national body but perceived them as a domestic threat. The study contributes to the literature as it applies Breuilly’s views on nationalism to the late Ottoman and early Republican periods. The study also claims to contribute to the literature on Alevism, as it discusses Alevism within the context that Breuilly draws.
SIW-based dual-beam conical conformal slot array antenna for X-band applications
Authors: Khalil Hisham , Rafique Umair , Ahmed M. Mansoor
Published: January 2022

A design of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) based conical conformal slot array antenna is presented for X-band applications. The proposed design consists of two SIW arrays of 1 × 6 slot radiators located atϕ = 0° andϕ = 180°. The slotted arrays are fed using a rectangular waveguide (RWG) to SIW 1 × 2 T-junction power divider. The arrays are projected in the longitudinal direction on a conical surface having a lower and upper radius of 1.66λ0and 1.33λ0, respectively. The power divider and SIW arrays are designed and simulated in full-wave EM simulation software. It is observed from the results that the proposed array has two main beams in the H-plane located atθ = ±${\pm}$90°, and have sidelobe levels (SLLs) of −23 dB and −20 dB, respectively. For the validation of simulation results, the proposed array is fabricated and measured, and a reasonable agreement is observed between both results.
The weak eigenfunctions of boundary-value problem with symmetric discontinuities
Authors: Olğar Hayati , Mukhtarov Oktay S. , Muhtarov Fahreddin S. , Aydemir Kadriye
Published: January 2022

The main goal of this
study is the investigation of discontinuous boundary-value problems
for second-order differential operators with symmetric transmission
conditions. We introduce the new notion of weak functions for such
type of discontinuous boundary-value problems and develop an
operator-theoretic method for the investigation of the spectrum and
completeness property of the weak eigenfunction systems.
In particular, we define some self-adjoint compact operators in
suitable Sobolev spaces such that the considered problem can be
reduced to an operator-pencil equation. The main result of this
paper is that the spectrum is discrete and the set of eigenfunctions
forms a Riesz basis of the suitable Hilbert space.
Geometric quality control for bio-based building elements: Study case segmented experimental shell
Authors: Kerekes Gabriel , Petrš Jan , Schwieger Volker , Dahy Hanaa
Published: January 2022

This contribution presents the prerequisites in the construction process of a bio-based experimental pavilion. A first challenge, is to define tolerances and implicitly measurement tolerances for these materials. After defining them, the focus is set on what can be achieved if geometric quality control is only conducted during the assembly process. Despite using high-end total stations and terrestrial laser scanners in this process, the final pavilion showed discrepancies to its model. In some cases, these were larger than the given tolerances, showing on one side what tasks can be achieved with these instruments and on the other, drawbacks that remain a challenge in bio-based segmented experimental buildings. Finally, an improved workflow is suggested.
Evaluation of patients with phenylalanine metabolism disorder: a single center experience
Authors: Erdol Sahin , Bilgin Huseyin
Published: January 2022

Aim

The aim is to evaluate the clinical, demographic and laboratory data of the patients we followed up with phenylalanine metabolism disorder.

Materials and methods

In this study, patients with phenylalanine metabolism disorder who applied to Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Metabolism Department between 2011 and 2021 were retrospectively examined. The files of 397 patients who were followed up in our pediatric metabolism outpatient clinic and were found to have phenylalanine metabolism disorder by plasma phenylalanine level and molecular genetic analysis were evaluated.

Results

According to the highest plasma phenylalanine levels at admission, mild hyperphenylalaninemia phenotype constituted the largest group of 397 patients with 282 cases (71.1%), while the least common phenotype was malignant phenylketonuria (BH4 metabolism disorder) with four patients (1.0%). The number of patients with classical phenylketonuria was 90 (22.6%). 61 (62.8%) of 97 phenylalanine metabolism disorder cases who underwent BH4 loading test had a response. The mean phenylalanine level of the patients was 3.62 ± 1.31 mg/dL in mild hyperphenylalaninemia, 7.98 ± 3.99 mg/dL in mild phenylketonuria and 11.71 ± 4.39 mg/dL in classical phenylketonuria. While 241 (76%) of 317 patients younger than 8 years old were in the well-controlled group, 76 (24%) were in the poorly-controlled group. While 41 (53.9%) of 76 patients older than 8 years of age were in the well-controlled group, 35 (46.1%) were in the poorly-controlled group.

Conclusions

In our study, the largest patient group consisted of patients with mild hyperphenylalaninemia, and the least common phenotype was mild phenylketonuria.
Preparation of O-HACC/HEC-acrylate emulsion and its application in paper protection
Authors: Yang Hanhan , Zhang Jinjie , Qi Yingping , Shen Yongfeng , Li Hua
Published: January 2022

To enhance the strength of paper cultural relics and prolong the life of paper cultural relics, it is an urgent need to prepare new material for preservation and protection of paper. In this paper, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt/HEC-acrylate was synthesized with O-hydroxypropyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt chitosan (O-HACC) and Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC)-acrylate emulsion, the synthesized materials has multiple functions, such as deacidification, reinforcement, anti-mildew and antibacterial etc. The synthesized new materials were applied on paper, and their protective effect was evaluated by testing the mechanical and optical properties and antibacterial properties of the paper. The results showed that when the mass concentration of O-HACC was 0.6 %, the tensile strength, folding times and tearing strength of the paper coated with protective solution were improved to a certain extent, while the optical properties and appearance of the paper remained basically unchanged. Meanwhile, the paper also had certain anti-mildew and bacterial resistance.
Organocatalysts based on natural and modified amino acids for asymmetric reactions
Authors: Kamanna Kantharaju
Published: January 2022

Small organic molecules predominantly containing C, H, O, N, S and P element are found promising molecule to accelerate chemical reactions and are named organocatalysis. In addition, these organocatalysts are easy availability, stable in water and air, inexpensive, and low toxicity, which confer a huge direct application in organic synthesis when compared to transition metal catalyzed reactions and becoming powerful tools in the construction of a selective chiral product. Interest on organocatalysis is spectacularly increased since last two decades, due to the novelty of the concept and selectivity. Based on the nature of the organocatalysts used, they are classified in to four major classes, among them one of the types is amino acids derived organocatalysts. Natural amino acids are playing important role in building blocks of protein construction, and also intermediate products of the metabolism. α-Amino acid is a molecule, that contains both amine and carboxyl functional group. Their particular structural characteristic determines their role in protein synthesis, and bifunctional asymmetric catalysts for stereoselective synthesis. Two functional groups present on a single carbon acting as an acid and base, which promote chemical transformations in concert similar to the enzymatic catalysis. The post translational derivatives of natural α-amino acids include 4-hydroxy-L-proline and 4-amino-L-proline scaffolds, and its synthetic variants based organocatalysts, whose catalytic activity is well documented. This chapter discussed past and present development of the organocatalysts derived from natural and modified amino acids for various important organic transformations reviewed.
Pathogenic Mechanisms of Cytosolic and Membrane-Enriched α-Synuclein Converge on Fatty Acid Homeostasis
Authors: Tripathi Arati , Alnakhala Heba , Terry-Kantor Elizabeth , Newman Andrew , Liu Lei , Imberdis Thibaut , Fanning Saranna , Nuber Silke , Ramalingam Nagendran , Selkoe Dennis , Dettmer Ulf
Published: January 2022

α-Synuclein (αS) plays a key role in Parkinson's disease. Although Parkinson's disease is typically “sporadic,” inherited αS missense mutations provide crucial insights into molecular mechanisms. Here, we examine two clinical mutants, E46K and G51D, which are both in the conserved N-terminus that mediates transient αS-membrane interactions. However, E46K increases and G51D decreases αS-membrane interactions. Previously, we amplified E46K via the 11-residue repeat motifs, creating “3K” (E35K+E46K+E61K). Here, we engineered these motifs to amplify G51D (V40D+G51D+V66D = “3D”) and systematically compared E46K/3K versus G51D/3D. We found that G51D increased cytosolic αS in neural cells and 3D aggravates this. G51D, and 3D even more, reduced αS multimer-to-monomer (αS60:αS14) ratio. Both amplified variants caused cellular stress in rat primary neurons and reduced growth in human neuroblastoma cells. Importantly, both 3K- and 3D-induced stress was ameliorated by pharmacologically inhibiting stearoyl-CoA desaturase or by conditioning the cells in palmitic (16:0) or myristic (14:0) acid. SCD inhibition lowered lipid-droplet accumulation in both 3D- and 3K-expressing cells and benefitted G51D by normalizing multimer:monomer ratio, as reported previously for E46K. Our findings suggest that, despite divergent cytosol/membrane partitioning, both G51D and E46K neurotoxicity can be prevented by decreasing fatty-acid unsaturation as a common therapeutic approach.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTα-Synuclein (αS) dyshomeostasis is linked to Parkinson's disease. Here we focus on two contrasting familial-Parkinson's disease αS mutants, E46K and G51D, that alter αS membrane association in opposite directions (E46K increases, G51D decreases it). Taking advantage of αS repeat structure, here we designed αS “3D,” an amplified G51D variant (V40D+G51D+V66D). αS 3D further enhanced G51D's cytosolic enrichment. Systematic comparison of G51D/3D with membrane-enriched E46K/its amplified variant 3K revealed that both can elicit stress in human neural cells and primary rodent neurons. This toxicity can be ameliorated by inhibiting stearoyl-CoA desaturase or by saturated fatty acid conditioning. Thus, despite divergent membrane binding, both G51D and E46K αS dyshomeostasis are mitigated by altering fatty acid saturation as a shared target.
Density of states and interband light absorption in Y2O3 and Sc2O3 thin films
Authors: Bordun O.M. , Bordun I.O. , Kofliuk I.M. , Kukharskyy I.Yo. , Medvid I.I.
Published: January 2022

The long-wavelength edge of the fundamental absorption band of thin Y2O3 and Sc2O3 films obtained by the method of discrete evaporation in vacuum is investigated. On the basis of its temperature dependence, the excitons - phonon interaction is investigated, which made it possible to interpret the absorption edge as the absorption of self-trapped excitons. To analyze the experimental results, we used a model of a heavily doped or defective semiconductor in the quasi-classical approximation. The use of this model made it possible to estimate the radius of the ground electronic state a and the screening radius rS  and the concentration of free charge carriers N in the films under study.
Das Bildzitat – Fotos und Abbildungen richtig zitieren
Authors: Verch Ulrike
Published: January 2022

In welchem Referat oder auf welcher Website werden keine Fotos gezeigt? Im Studium nutzen Studierende regelmäßig fremdes Bildmaterial, um ihre Vorträge oder die eigenen Ausführungen in der Abschlussarbeit zu illustrieren, denn bekanntlich sagt ein Bild mehr als tausend Worte. Doch wie sind die Voraussetzungen, um Abbildungen richtig zu zitieren, und wann besteht die Gefahr, dass Plagiatsvorwürfe erhoben werden?Der Beitrag bietet eine Übersicht über die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen der Zitierfreiheit im Allgemeinen und die genauen Voraussetzungen, die beim Zitieren von Abbildungen im Speziellen zu beachten sind. Auch die gesetzlichen Neuregelungen im Urheberrecht zur Zitierung von Reproduktionen sowie zur Nutzung von Karikaturen und Parodien werden neben einem aktuellen Hamburger Fallbeispiel erläutert.
Corona als Herausforderung im Studierendenalltag
Authors: Baghiana Jasmin
Published: January 2022

Über das Leben und Zurechtfinden an der Hochschule zu Zeiten der Corona-Pandemie. Dieser Beitrag ist eine Zusammenstellung aus Beobachtungen und Einschätzungen der derzeitigen Studierendenrealität und einigen daraus resultierenden persönlichen Gedanken und Gefühlen. Wie das Leben mich derzeit herausfordert und was es mit sich bringt.
Exkursionsbericht Bibliothek des Archäologischen Museums Hamburg und des Stadtmuseums Harburg
Authors: Wienert Frauke
Published: January 2022

Die Bibliothek des Archäologischen Museums und der Stadt Harburg ist mit 60.000 Bänden eine der größten auf ihrem Gebiet. Sie ist eine reine Präsenzbibliothek und befindet sich im Zentrum von Harburg. Hier werden die Publikationen fast zur Gänze als Magazinbibliothek aufgestellt und von einer einzigen Person betreut. Im Rahmen des Kurses „Buch- und Bibliotheksgeschichte“ haben wir die Bibliothek besucht und durften gemeinsam mit der Bibliothekarin ein wenig hinter die Kulissen schauen.
Nach dem Master zum Dr.? Wege in die Promotion an Hochschulen für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Authors: Häußler Helena
Published: January 2022

Nach dem Masterabschluss an der Hochschule bleiben? Ist eine Promotion an einer Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaft überhaupt möglich? Der Beitrag zeigt Wege in die Promotion auf und geht dabei auf die besonderen Rahmenbedingungen kooperativer Verfahren ein. Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Debatten um die Arbeitsbedingungen in der Wissenschaft wird ein kritisches Fazit gezogen. Schließlich werden Empfehlungen gegeben, die Promotionsinteressierte in ihrer Entscheidung unterstützen können.
HOW DO DIFFERENT SOURCES CONTRIBUTE TO POPULATION EXPOSURE TO KEY AIR POLLUTANTS IN BULGARIA
Authors: Tsanova D. , Vekov T. , Seizov A. , Statev K.
Published: January 2022

Air pollution is an important risk factor that has a significant impact on public health, especially in urban areas. The study aims to analyse the air pollution in Bulgaria and the main sources of pollution. Descriptive epidemiologic study design has been used to analyse the trends in air pollution in Bulgaria. Available data from the world and national databases were used. The data provided by EEA show that fewer and fewer Bulgarians live in areas with concentrations higher than European standards, but the proportion of the population exposed to air pollution is still quite high. The trend is to decrease the proportion of the Bulgarian population using solid fuel but still, it is five times higher than European Union. In Bulgaria Agriculture is a serious source of PM as ammonia can be a reason for the formation of secondary particulates. Energy and transport are the biggest cause of air pollution in cities but the agricultural sector is also a significant source. The comparative analysis of leading causes of years of life lost due to premature death or disability, expressed with Disability-adjusted live years (DALY) between 2009 and 2019 shows a slight improvement - the air pollution changes its position and falls to the eighth place among the tenth leading risk factors. Reducing the burden of disease due to poor air quality is an important goal for Bulgaria to achieve.
STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE BONDS DEFAULT RISK BY EXAMPLE PJSC “SOLOMENSKII LESOZAVOD”
Authors:   Samara National Research University named after S.P. Korolev, Duplyakin Vyacheslav , Boldyrev Maxim ,   ANO HE University «MIR»
Published: January 2022

The application of the previously proposed methodology for the formation of models for quantitative assessment of the risk of default of companies’ securities, taking into account the characteristics of the financial condition of issuing companies in the reporting and previous periods, is considered. The methodology includes a three-stage selection of working variables using statistical hypothesis testing (Student t-test and Fisher test are applied), correlation and one-way regression analysis. The probability of multicollinearity of variables in a developed model is also monitored. The logit-model and probit-model for assessing the risk of default of Russian companies by bonds, developed using the proposed methodology, are presented. A sample of 96 Russian companies that placed bonds on the stock market was used, 48 of which did not fulfill financial obligations on securities was used for developing the models. The results of a comparative analysis of the reliability of the constructed models and well-known models of other Russian and foreign authors, applied to assessing the risk of default of Russian companies on bonds, are also presented. When conducting a comparative analysis of the reliability of the models, the Student t-test, the Mann-Whitney test, the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Wilcoxon test, as well as the modeling efficiency index, are used. An example of applying the logit-model and probit-model to assessing the risk of default of PJSC "Solomenskiy lesozavod" on bonds is demonstrated.
URBAN HEATING SYSTEM VIRTUAL STAND UNDER DATA INCOMPLETE CONDITIONS
Authors: Bannikov Ruslan
Published: January 2022

The problem of heat load optimal regulation in a boiler house considered to provide heat carrier to end users, taking into account the permissible temperature deviations according to the temperature schedule, is relevant for a heat supplying organization. Regulation in a boiler house that feeds a heating network with unknown thermophysical characteristics is a problem that belongs to the class of poorly formalized problems. This is due, not least, to the specific features of heating system exploitation. The problem relatively easily solved at different ambient temperatures and at different times in the data completeness case on the above specific features. Unfortunately, collecting such information is almost impossible. We have to pose and solve the problem under conditions of uncertainty. Therefore, decided to develop an urban heating system virtual stand under data incomplete conditions, which will allow creating a heating system models with various conditions of heat loss, with heat consumers of different categories and different heat energy consumption. It will allow to simulate a changes made without making factual changes in an urban heating system structure. The object of the study is a closed urban heating system with a complex topology, and the subject is calculation models of a heating system, which allow determining the temperature loss of the coolant in the sections of the heating system based on data processing from general house metering devices (GHMD). The aim of the work is to improve the efficiency of an urban heating system management based on data obtained using a virtual stand. A conceptual model developed and the main functionality of the virtual stand implemented. Based on a number of numerical experiments carried out, an algorithm formulated and implemented within the framework of a virtual stand, which makes it possible to determine total thermal resistances values at each section of the heating system from GHMD data. The stand tested on the urban heating system of the Lysva city. The deviation of the temperature values calculated within the framework of the model implemented in the virtual stand from the temperatures obtained from the GHMD did not exceed 5 %. Consequently, this virtual stand can used for more efficient urban heating system management, taking into account the calculation error.
Memória na Música Digital: O Sampling da Obra de Arthur Verocai
Authors: Nogueira Deivison Brito
Published: January 2022

O artigo pretende discutir a maneira como disco homônimo do maestro e arranjador brasileiro Arthur Verocai (Continental, 1972) foi rejeitado pela gravadora, esquecido por mais de 30 anos e depois redescoberto e aclamado por DJs e rappers nacionais e estrangeiros que começaram a utilizar seus arranjos musicais como samples. Dois aspectos são importantes: o ressurgimento do disco em outro contexto cultural, procedimento da fruição da obra de arte como “obra aberta” e a característica hibrida que disco ganha na produção de novas linguagens pelo uso do sample. Os artigo busca: compreender como o disco ficou esquecido durante anos; verificar quais novos contornos a obra ganha pelo uso do sampling fora de seu contexto de criação e analisar como a transposição e a hibridização sonora gera inovações musicais. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluem pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Utilizamos como referencial teórico de análise a semiótica da cultura, via Iuri Lotman, o conceito de obra aberta em Umberto Eco e o hibridismo cultural em Néstor García Canclini.
ESPIRITUALIDADE NA PERSPECTIVA DE TRABALHADORES E FUTUROS TRABALHADORES: ANÁLISE DOS NÍVEIS DE DOMÍNIO POR PARTE DE ESTUDANTES AMAZONENSES
Authors: Damião Wanderson Da Silva , Oswaldo Yeda Cicera , Vieira Almir Martins
Published: January 2022

O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar os níveis de domínio da inteligência espiritual (QS) por parte de estudantes que participaram de evento acadêmico na Universidade Federal do Amazonas, envolvendo matriculados no ensino médio e no ensino superior, por meio da utilização da Escala de Inteligência Espiritual Integrada (ISIS), desenvolvida por Amram e Dryer (2008). Por meio de abordagem quantitativa, obteve-se participação de 197 respondentes durante o mencionado evento, que responderam questionário elaborado com base na ISIS. Os resultados apontaram predomínio de QS na perspectiva intrínseca, com média classificada como razoável. Houve destaque para três variáveis sociodemográficas no tocante à elevação dos níveis dos domínios da QS entre os respondentes, sendo a idade, a religiosidade e a escolaridade. Concluiu-se que o fator escolaridade proporciona elevação do QS, pois, nos domínios com médias menores (Significado e Graça), os indivíduos com maior escolaridade apresentaram altos níveis nesses domínios.