bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Azmari Tradition in Addis Ababa: Change and Continuity
Authors: Gebremariam Simeneh Betreyohannes
Published: August 2019

Issues in history, politics, or linguistics have been dominant themes in Ethiopian studies. Social and cultural phenomena are not given enough emphasis and attention in the academic discourse. The azmari tradition in Addis Ababa is one example of the type of experience that has been neglected in academic investigation. The existing literature and popular discussion on this topic exhibit various shortcomings, mostly stemming from a lack of a comprehensive social and historical context. The study of the azmari tradition and the sociocultural context in which it operates provides an understanding of the ways in which azmari music and azmariwoč (pl.) adapted to the rapid urbanization process and the political, institutional, and technological changes the city has undergone. The article provides information about the origin, development, and institutionalization of the azmari tradition, shedding light on the changes and continuities of azmari music in the twentieth century. The study employs an historical approach integrated with ethnographic methods to reconstruct the story of the azmari tradition.
History through Oral Poetry: Rural Responses to Land Reform and Land Redistribution in Gondär Province, 1975–1982
Authors: Alyou Ebrahim Damtew
Published: August 2019

History witnesses that oral expression among the people of Ethiopia is part of their cultural heritage and among other things a form of commentary in response to larger events that affect them. Peasants who are often regarded as illiterate nonetheless find ways to depict their sentiments in matters of social, political, and cultural importance. The aim of this article is to investigate popular reactions to land reform and land redistribution from 1978 to 1982, drawing on forms of communication and self-expression found in the “local press” (i.e., oral poetry) of both the peasants and former landowners of Gondär Province. Data was collected from primary and related secondary sources to obtain substantive evidence on the subject. By employing oral poetry, the people of Gondär voice their inner feelings, grievances or support for the state’s land reform as well as towards the actions of local officials. Because land has long been the center of life and livelihoods in the rural history of Ethiopia, much oral tradition touches on the issues of land, peasant survival, and state actions as well as on peasant–peasant relations in line with the prevailing social, political and economic context. The continuity of peasant poetic tradition is also celebrated in the content of the poems.
Governing Nature and Ethiopia: Struggles around World Heritage, Nation-Building and Ecologies (1963–2012)
Authors: Blanc Guillaume
Published: August 2019

Through an analysis of sources produced from the 1960s to the present by the managers of the Ethiopian Simien mountains national park, this article examines the origins, manifestations, and outcomes of a struggle rooted in the transnational shaping of a “natural” landscape. On the one hand, representatives of international institutions of conservation sought to protect the vestiges of an African Eden threatened by its inhabitants. On the other hand, Ethiopian state leaders used this Western ecological ethic to gain international recognition and through it, to better enforce their power over the national territory. Thus, at the local level this governance of nature resulted in the use of both material and symbolic violence against the resident populations, who were found guilty of degrading a “National Park” classified as “World Heritage.”
The Orientalist on Trial: Enrico Cerulli and the United Nations War Crimes Commission
Authors: De Lorenzi James
Published: August 2019

This article examines the United Nations War Crimes Commission’s ruling against Enrico Cerulli, the distinguished Italian scholar and senior colonial administrator. It reconstructs the UNWCC debate concerning jurisdiction over Italian crimes in Ethiopia, set against the backdrop of postwar decolonization, and then outlines the specific case against Cerulli, the committee and extra-committee deliberations, and the inconclusive aftermath of these events. The conclusion critiques Cerulli’s conception of colonial guilt and briefly considers the implications of Ethiopia’s experience at the Commission for current debates about the International Criminal Court.
“Peace Is Not a Free Gift”: Indigenous Conceptions of Peace among the Guji-Oromo in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Debelo Asebe Regassa , Jirata Tadesse Jaleta
Published: August 2019

Indigenous African knowledge of building and maintaining peace is not well known and has not been much used in the dominant modern mechanisms of conflict resolution. With the aim of addressing this limitation, this article analyzes the broader conceptualization of peace and peace building among the Guji-Oromo in southern Ethiopia. The Guji-Oromo are keenly aware that their existence as a society depends on the maintenance of peace (nagaa) among them as a community and between them and God as well as between them and their natural and human environments. They believe that peace is not a free gift, because maintaining it requires continuous and earnest negotiation, social actions, and cooperation among many stakeholders who possess political, cultural, and spiritual powers. The article further argues that the Guji-Oromo conceptualize peace beyond the conventional understandings that position it as the absence of conflict or warfare. Rather, for the Guji, peace is broadly understood as a continuous flow of relationships between the people and their human and nonhuman environments. The article shows that Guji’s conceptions of peace are not static; rather, they are subject to internal and external influences that shape how different members of the society conceptualize it and the way it is maintained.
Against All Odds: The History of Archaeological Research in Somaliland and Somalia
Authors: Rodríguez Jorge de Torres
Published: August 2019

This article presents an overview of the history of archaeological work in Somaliland and Somalia from the late nineteenth century to the present, situating that work within its ever-changing social and political contexts. It also assesses the current challenges and opportunities that archaeological practice faces in both regions. Despite numerous obstacles—including political instability, a fragmented academic community, and deficiencies in the publication and dissemination of findings in multiple research languages—the article contends that the extensive data from previous and current archaeological studies, if assembled and properly utilized, can shed light on a range of key questions in the prehistory and history of the Horn of Africa. Finally, the article notes the growing threats to the archaeological and historical heritage in the region, and suggests how institutions, academics and the Somali community can join efforts to protect and preserve the remains of one of the most impressive African heritages.
Breaking through unravel problems in ERP implementation using agile
Authors: Fernandi Wijaya Santo , Ervina Jeanette Egeten Angelina
Published: August 2019

Demand for the industry to enhance competitive advantage. For that, the industry is required to make a breaking through in order to enhance the organizational performance. This is a reason for addressing the inefficiencies in managing people, processes, organizations, and technology. One of the efforts in improving organization performance is the development in the field of Information Systems as an effort to improve the agility of the organization. ERP system is one solution that can be employed in order to improve organization performance. However, in reality, industrial companies face problems in ERP implementation. This is a challenge to solve the problems of implementing an ERP system for industry. In this opportunity, researchers intend to conduct a re-search to identify the problems of factors in the ERP implementation, namely by proposing agile methods as one of the new methodologies in the effort to solve the problems in the ERP implementation for an industry. The results of this study will result in an agile model of implementing ERP for improving the capacity of ERP systems. This study idea is to analyze the agile method as a solution alternative to make changes for the ERP implementation success. This study is using Structural Equation Modeling as a quantitative data analysis approach of an industry as a case study.Â Â Â
Taxonomy of bio-inspired optimization algorithms
Authors: M. Almufti Saman , Boya Marqas Ridwan , Ashqi Saeed Vaman
Published: August 2019

Bio-Inspired optimization algorithms are inspired from principles of natural biological evolution and distributed collective of a living organism such as (insects, animal, â€¦. etc.) for obtaining the optimal possible solutions for hard and complex optimization problems. In computer science Bio-Inspired optimization algorithms have been broadly used because of their exhibits extremely diverse, robust, dynamic, complex and fascinating phenomenon as compared to other existing classical techniques.This paper presents an overview study on the taxonomy of bio-inspired optimization algorithms according to the biological field that are inspired from and the areas where these algorithms have been successfully applied
Communicating in Three Dimensions
Authors: Rabinowitz Adam
Published: August 2019

After excavating the Praedia of Iulia Felix at Pompeii in 1755, architect Karl Weber published the building with an axionometric illustration that showed the remains in three-dimensional perspective. In doing so, Weber communicated additional information about the form of the building in a manner that was both visually accessible to a lay audience and sufficiently “scientific” for a scholarly one. By contrast, digital 3D documentation methods in current archaeological practice can reinforce a division between “scientific” models intended for internal consumption by the project that produces them, and external communication in the form of lower-quality online digital displays. Using recent fieldwork at the Greek colonial site of Histria in Romania as a case-study, this paper explores the space between high-resolution contextualized 3D documentation used only by an internal audience and down-scaled, decontextualized 3D content designed for public consumption. In particular, it explores whether measurable 3D models derived from photogrammetrical capture are useful in communicating excavation results to non-specialists – and if so, in what ways. It presents several scenarios for the role of high-quality 3D documentation in both formal and informal scholarly communication, and discusses the potential for the reuse of such documentation to answer new research questions.
Digital Reconstruction of the Akhenaten Torso in the Brooklyn Museum
Authors: Tichindelean Matei Traian
Published: August 2019

The Torso of Akhenaten in the Brooklyn Museum is an excellent example of Amarna style sculpture—an artistic technique employed during the reign of the “heretic” pharaoh Akhenaten. This study uses photogrammetry to render an accurate 3D state model and a subsequent reconstruction model intended to help address questions regarding the nature of worship centered on the Aten. The reconstruction is based on theological and royal iconography specific to the Amarna period. It sheds light on the religious reorganization of the New Solar Theology and aims to facilitate a better understanding of the role of royal statuary in the context of an Egyptian temple.
Genetic Diversity and Demography of Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) In Southern and Western Part of Indonesian Waters
Authors: Jatmiko Irwan , Zedta Raymon Rahmanov , Agustina Maya , Setyadji Bram
Published: August 2019

Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) is highly migratory species that spread from trophic and sub trophic waters. This species can be found in Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. The genetic information of highly migratory species like skipjack tuna is important to support the sustainability of the fisheries. The objectives of this study are to gain information genetic diversity and population structure of exploited species and to understand the population kinship in Indonesian waters. Tissue samples were collected from six locations, i.e.: Sibolga (North Sumatera), Padang (West Sumatera), Binuangeun (Banten), Pacitan (East Java), Lombok (West Nusa Tenggara) and Kupang (East Nusa Tenggara). Microsatellite analysis was done in this study consisting of extraction, purification, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and electrophoresis. Three loci used for the analysis i.e.: UTD 172, UTD 523 and UTD 535. The results showed that there are two groups from six locations i.e.: group 1: Sibolga and Padang; group 2: Binuangeun, Pacitan Lombok and Kupang. The variance among these two groups is 0.066 with variance 5.441%. This finding in line with Indonesian Fisheries Management Area of 572 (west of Sumatera waters) and 573 (south of Java waters). However, as highly migratory species across nations, the management strategy for skipjack tuna needs collaboration among countries through regional fisheries management authority like Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC).
Coral Recruitment Spatial Distribution in its Relation With Coral Cover and Herbivorous Fish Abundance Within Conservation Area
Authors: Afandy Zulfikar , Damar Ario , Agus Syamsul Bahri
Published: August 2019

The continuity of coral reef ecosystem highly depends on the new coral larvae recruitment process. Hence, the information regarding distribution, the abundance of corals, and its relation to other variables are highly important in that ecosystem management. Research was conducted at nine stations represented each zone at the conservation area of Kapoposang Marine Tourism Park (TWP Kapoposang). This research aims at seeking for spatial variations of the abundance of coral recruitment at three primary zones monitored (core zone, sustainable fishing zone and utilization zone) and we further identified its relations with spatial variation of herbivorous fishes abundance and  coral cover’s condition at those zones. The coral recruitment observation employed transect quadrat sampling method with size of 1x1 meter and 10 times repetition at a similar depth, and the coral recruitment abundance measurement in natural habitat based on the amounts of juvenile corals has been defined as coral colony with size of ≤10 cm. Overall, this research has found 534 coral juveniles consisted of 19 genera and 7 families, and the average of juvenile coral density stood at 5.34±4.45 SE.m-2. The coral reef recruitment category at TWP Kapoposang could be classified as high and its abundance spatial distribution showed no significant differences between each zone, as well as not influenced by either herbivorous fish abundance variable or the percentage of live coral cover.
PENILAIAN KAWASAN KOTA SEMARANG MENGGUNAKAN KPI INFRASTRUKTUR DAN PELAYANAN PERMUKIMAN PERKOTAAN
Authors: Anjani Nabila , Mardiansjah Fadjar Hari
Published: August 2019

Kawasan metropolitan adalah kawasan yang sangat berpengaruh baik untuk perekonomian suatu daerah maupun pusat pergerakan aktivitas dari daerah satu dan terhubung satu sama lain. Kawasan metropolitan juga merupakan sebuah kawasan yang di desain sebagai teritori untuk satu atau lebih pusat kota tergantung fungsi masing-masing kota tersebut yang saling satu sama lain baik oleh jalan maupun fasilitas transportasi lainnya. Infrastruktur yang ada pun harus mendukung kawasan ini guna menunjang kegiatan yang berjalan didalamnya. Sebuah kota metropolitan merupaka kota dengan beberapa pusat yang menjalani masing-masing peranan guna menunjang kinerja pelayanan sebuah kota metropolitan tersebut. Guna menilai kinerja sebuah kota maka dibutuhkan indikator yang didapatkan dar turunan KPI dan SDGs. Penilaian kawasan kota ini dilihat dari empat aspek yaitu infrastruktur, pendidikan, ekonomi dan kesehatan. Kota Semarang dibagi menjadi empat kawasan yaitu kawasan pusat kota, kawasan pinggiran selatan, kawasan pinggiran timur dan kawasan pinggiran barat. Penilaian kinerja kota akan menggunakan Key Performance Indicator yang akan distandarisasi sehingga dapat ditotal dengan bobot yang diperhitungkan. Hasil dar KPI total dibandingkan antar kawasan sehingga dapat terlihat kawasan yang tidak mendapat pelayanan dasar permukiman perkotaan secara adil serta hasil KPI dilihat antar waktu untuk melihat perkembangan pelayanan dasar. Setiap masyarakat kota memiliki hak yang sama untuk mendapatkan pelayanan dasar guna menunjang kehidupan mereka. Tetapi, pada kenyataannya berbanding terbalik dimana masyarakat yang bergolong tidak berdaya sulit untuk mendapatkan pelayanan dasar untuk menunjang kualitas kehidupan mereka. Keadilan pelayanan juga masih sulit diterapkan mengingat definisi keadilan itu sendiri masih memiliki multi definisi.
KETIMPANGAN PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH (KAJIAN PADA KABUPATEN KOTAWARINGIN TIMUR DAN PEMEKARANNYA)
Authors: Sanjaya Luthfian Riza , Soetarto Endriatmo , Pravitasari Andrea Emma
Published: August 2019

Inequality of regional development is a common problem faced by all provinces in Indonesia, not least the Province of Central Kalimantan. Regional inequality stems from factors that should be minimized. The aims of this research were  1)to tanalyze the trend of regional development inequality in Central Kalimantan Province and the factors that influence it 2) to analyze the hierarchy of regional development in Kotawaringin Timur (Kotim) Regency and developing area  3) to analyze regional development inequality and influenced factors using Geographical Weighted Regression (GWR).4) to prepare regional directives and policy development plans. The method used are Williamson's Index, Multiple Regression with Unbalanced Panel, weighted Skalogram, and GWR. The results of this study indicated  that the level of inequality in Central Kalimantan Province tends to decrease with RHGU as the most dominant factor. The regional development of the area at the sub-district level showed spatial patterns which indicated an imbalance between the northern and southern regions. The GWR resulted also shows that RHGU is still the dominant factor with the same influence throughout the research area. Thus, the urgency of agrarian reform in plantation areas is important to be implemented immediately.
TIPE WISATAWAN BERDASARKAN KORELASI MOTIVASI DAN KEGIATAN DI TEMPAT WISATA (STUDI KASUS: INDONESIA)
Authors: Wiyono Bakri Prakarso Andi , Kusuma Hanson E. , Sinatra Fran , Tampubolon Angela Christysonia
Published: August 2019

Tourism has become a major contributing sector in the economies of many countries in the world, especially Indonesia. The attractiveness of Indonesia comes from a variety of potential such as nature, local wisdom, or artificial. Those attractions make tourist can be defined as many types based on their motives and activities. This research used mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) with sequential procedure strategy. The purpose of this study is to determine the type of tourists based on the correlation between the motivation of travel with tourism activities. Data collection was done through an online questionnaire and distributed to several groups (nonprobability-convenience sampling). The collected data were then analyzed qualitatively using content analysis and quantitatively using principal component analysis, factor analysis, and multivariate correlation analysis. The results of the analysis revealed that there are six tourism motivations namely contemplation, social-exploration, restorative, culinary, opportunity, and novelty. In addition, there are four tourism activities namely physical activity, cognitive, affective, and adventure. The results of the correlation of motivation and tourism activities then form a pattern that shows three types of tourists such as explorer, pleasure seeker, and adventurer.
General, Interpersonal, and Gender Role Specific Risk Factors of Postpartum Depressive Symptoms in Fathers
Authors: Fentz Hanne N⊘rr , Simonsen Marianne , Trillingsgaard Tea
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Paternal postnatal depression has significant negative consequences for the family and child. Still, only little attention has been paid to potential unique risk factors of depression in fathers and the theoretical grounding of such research is sparse.

Method: This study examined prenatal risk factors derived from three theoretical models: the cognitive vulnerability-stress model, the interpersonal model, and the gender role risk model of paternal postnatal depression. The sample consisted of 211 expectant fathers, of whom 5.7% scored above the clinical cut-off on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and 235 mothers were included as a reference group. Participants filled in questionnaires during pregnancy and four months postpartum.

Results: The study results suggest that prenatal depressive score is the strongest risk factor for both paternal and maternal postnatal depressive symptoms. In addition, childhood separation from parents, unemployment, financial strain, and doubts about having the child were unique risk factors for paternal depressive symptoms, while lower marital satisfaction was a unique risk factor for maternal depression.

Discussion: These findings highlight that beyond the strong role of prenatal depressive symptoms for both genders, specific risk factors for father depression exist. This may be informative to health care professionals in increasing the reach and prevention of depression in new fathers.
The Experience of New Public Management and New Public Governance in Selected Arab Countries
Authors: Mansour Ahmed M. E.
Published: August 2019

The major objective of this article is to discuss briefly the roots of the new public management (NPM) and public governance (PG) movements. To achieve this, it develops a theoretical framework to analyze the experiences of a selected set of Arab countries to explain critically the factors that influence the application of these two modern approaches to publicsector management in these Arab countries. Specifically, the article discusses critically the response of selected Arab world countries to the NPM and PG, and the impact of such factors on the influence of international organizations, their different colonial heritage, types of government systems, and politico-economic philosophies.
Relations Between Qatar and Saudi Arabia After the Arab Spring
Authors: Bilgin Abdul Rezak
Published: August 2019

The Arab Spring initiated a new era in the history of the Middle East and significantly shifted regional dynamics. It profoundly marked the history of the region and affected relations between Middle Eastern countries. Qatar–Saudi Arabia relations have likewise been profoundly impacted by it. This study focuses on how the Arab Spring affected relations between Qatar and Saudi Arabia, and on how the regional power struggle and rivalry between Riyadh and Doha were exacerbated during that period when disagreements and clashes escalated and deepened between both countries. It also emphasizes the causes of tensions that emerged during the period of the Arab Spring between both states. Using classical realism as a theoretical framework in approaching the issues at hand, the study begins by outlining the historical background to Qatar–Saudi Arabia relations. It then describes the policies of Qatar and Saudi Arabia towards the Arab Spring and explores the problem areas in their bilateral relations. Finally, the sanctions imposed against Qatar are also discussed.
Haemodynamic Balance in Acute and Advanced Heart Failure: An Expert Perspective on the Role of Levosimendan
Authors: Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Farmakis Dimitrios T , García-Pinilla Jose M , Harjola Veli-Pekka , Karason Kristjan , von Lewinski Dirk , Parissis John , Pollesello Piero , Pölzl Gerhard , Recio-Mayoral Alejandro , Reinecke Alexander , Yerly Patrik , Zima Endre
Published: August 2019

Acute and advanced heart failure are associated with substantial adverse short- and longer-term prognosis. Both conditions necessitate complex treatment choices to restore haemodynamic stability and organ perfusion, relieve congestion, improve symptoms and allow the patient to leave the hospital and achieve an adequate quality of life. Among the available intravenous vasoactive therapies, inotropes constitute an option when an increase in cardiac contractility is needed to reverse a low output state. Within the inotrope category, levosimendan is well suited to the needs of both sets of patients since, in contrast to conventional adrenergic inotropes, it has not been linked in clinical trials or wider clinical usage with increased mortality risk and retains its efficacy in the presence of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade; it is further believed to possess beneficial renal effects. The overall haemodynamic profile and clinical tolerability of levosimendan, combined with its extended duration of action, have encouraged its intermittent use in patients with advanced heart failure. This paper summarises the key messages derived from a series of 12 tutorials held at the Heart Failure 2019 congress organised in Athens, Greece, by the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology.
Are sports bettors looking at responsible gambling messages? An eye-tracking study on wagering advertisements
Authors: Lole Lisa , Li En , Russell Alex M. , Greer Nancy , Thorne Hannah , Hing Nerilee
Published: August 2019

Background and aims

The broadcast of wagering advertisements during televised sports matches has been associated with various adverse outcomes. In order to counter these effects, legislative bodies require wagering operators to include responsible gambling messages in their advertisements; however, the effectiveness of these messages is unclear. This study sought to examine the extent to which responsible gambling messages are looked at, in the wider context of gambling advertisements.

Methods

Forty-nine regular sports bettors and 10 non-gamblers viewed a series of sports betting advertisements, while an eye-tracker recorded the number of fixations placed on responsible gambling messages, as well as other text-based wagering content.

Results

Responsible gambling messages were, generally, presented in a non-conspicuous manner. Eye-tracking data revealed that significantly fewer fixations were placed on responsible gambling messages, compared to wagering information (p < .001); however, this effect did not differ according to level of gambling risk (p = .169). The number of fixations placed on the different types of responsible gambling messages was found to vary, based on gambling risk (p = .006), as well as, what appears to be, the physical characteristics of these messages.

Discussion

Very few fixations were placed on, or near, responsible gambling messages, compared to other wagering information, meaning that, in their current form, they are unlikely to be effective in protecting against gambling harm. Preliminary evidence shows that presenting messages on a high-contrast/block-color background increases the number of fixations on these.

Conclusion

Further research is needed to identify ways of increasing the effectiveness of responsible gambling initiatives in the sports betting context.
Gaussian Transformer: A Lightweight Approach for Natural Language Inference
Authors: Guo Maosheng , Zhang Yu , Liu Ting
Published: August 2019

Natural Language Inference (NLI) is an active research area, where numerous approaches based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and self-attention networks (SANs) has been proposed. Although obtaining impressive performance, previous recurrent approaches are hard to train in parallel; convolutional models tend to cost more parameters, while self-attention networks are not good at capturing local dependency of texts. To address this problem, we introduce a Gaussian prior to selfattention mechanism, for better modeling the local structure of sentences. Then we propose an efficient RNN/CNN-free architecture named Gaussian Transformer for NLI, which consists of encoding blocks modeling both local and global dependency, high-order interaction blocks collecting the evidence of multi-step inference, and a lightweight comparison block saving lots of parameters. Experiments show that our model achieves new state-of-the-art performance on both SNLI and MultiNLI benchmarks with significantly fewer parameters and considerably less training time. Besides, evaluation using the Hard NLI datasets demonstrates that our approach is less affected by the undesirable annotation artifacts.
Read + Verify: Machine Reading Comprehension with Unanswerable Questions
Authors: Hu Minghao , Wei Furu , Peng Yuxing , Huang Zhen , Yang Nan , Li Dongsheng
Published: August 2019

Machine reading comprehension with unanswerable questions aims to abstain from answering when no answer can be inferred. In addition to extract answers, previous works usually predict an additional “no-answer” probability to detect unanswerable cases. However, they fail to validate the answerability of the question by verifying the legitimacy of the predicted answer. To address this problem, we propose a novel read-then-verify system, which not only utilizes a neural reader to extract candidate answers and produce no-answer probabilities, but also leverages an answer verifier to decide whether the predicted answer is entailed by the input snippets. Moreover, we introduce two auxiliary losses to help the reader better handle answer extraction as well as no-answer detection, and investigate three different architectures for the answer verifier. Our experiments on the SQuAD 2.0 dataset show that our system obtains a score of 74.2 F1 on test set, achieving state-of-the-art results at the time of submission (Aug. 28th, 2018).
Understanding Actors and Evaluating Personae with Gaussian Embeddings
Authors: Kim Hannah , Katerenchuk Denys , Billet Daniel , Huan Jun , Park Haesun , Li Boyang
Published: August 2019

Understanding narrative content has become an increasingly popular topic. Nonetheless, research on identifying common types of narrative characters, or personae, is impeded by the lack of automatic and broad-coverage evaluation methods. We argue that computationally modeling actors provides benefits, including novel evaluation mechanisms for personae. Specifically, we propose two actor-modeling tasks, cast prediction and versatility ranking, which can capture complementary aspects of the relation between actors and the characters they portray. For an actor model, we present a technique for embedding actors, movies, character roles, genres, and descriptive keywords as Gaussian distributions and translation vectors, where the Gaussian variance corresponds to actors’ versatility. Empirical results indicate that (1) the technique considerably outperforms TransE (Bordes et al. 2013) and ablation baselines and (2) automatically identified persona topics (Bamman, O’Connor, and Smith 2013) yield statistically significant improvements in both tasks, whereas simplistic persona descriptors including age and gender perform inconsistently, validating prior research.
Dynamic Compositionality in Recursive Neural Networks with Structure-Aware Tag Representations
Authors: Kim Taeuk , Choi Jihun , Edmiston Daniel , Bae Sanghwan , Lee Sang-goo
Published: August 2019

Most existing recursive neural network (RvNN) architectures utilize only the structure of parse trees, ignoring syntactic tags which are provided as by-products of parsing. We present a novel RvNN architecture that can provide dynamic compositionality by considering comprehensive syntactic information derived from both the structure and linguistic tags. Specifically, we introduce a structure-aware tag representation constructed by a separate tag-level tree-LSTM. With this, we can control the composition function of the existing wordlevel tree-LSTM by augmenting the representation as a supplementary input to the gate functions of the tree-LSTM. In extensive experiments, we show that models built upon the proposed architecture obtain superior or competitive performance on several sentence-level tasks such as sentiment analysis and natural language inference when compared against previous tree-structured models and other sophisticated neural models.
Neural Machine Translation with Adequacy-Oriented Learning
Authors: Kong Xiang , Tu Zhaopeng , Shi Shuming , Hovy Eduard , Zhang Tong
Published: August 2019

Although Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models have advanced state-of-the-art performance in machine translation, they face problems like the inadequate translation. We attribute this to that the standard Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) cannot judge the real translation quality due to its several limitations. In this work, we propose an adequacyoriented learning mechanism for NMT by casting translation as a stochastic policy in Reinforcement Learning (RL), where the reward is estimated by explicitly measuring translation adequacy. Benefiting from the sequence-level training of RL strategy and a more accurate reward designed specifically for translation, our model outperforms multiple strong baselines, including (1) standard and coverage-augmented attention models with MLE-based training, and (2) advanced reinforcement and adversarial training strategies with rewards based on both word-level BLEU and character-level CHRF3. Quantitative and qualitative analyses on different language pairs and NMT architectures demonstrate the effectiveness and universality of the proposed approach.
A Human-Like Semantic Cognition Network for Aspect-Level Sentiment Classification
Authors: Lei Zeyang , Yang Yujiu , Yang Min , Zhao Wei , Guo Jun , Liu Yi
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we propose a novel Human-like Semantic Cognition Network (HSCN) for aspect-level sentiment classification, motivated by the principles of human beings’ reading cognitive process (pre-reading, active reading, post-reading). We first design a word-level interactive perception module to capture the correlation between context words and the given target words, which can be regarded as pre-reading. Second, to mimic the process of active reading, we propose a targetaware semantic distillation module to produce the targetspecific context representation for aspect-level sentiment prediction. Third, we further devise a semantic deviation metric module to measure the semantic deviation between the targetspecific context representation and the given target, which evaluates the degree we understand the target-specific context semantics. The measured semantic deviation is then used to fine-tune the above active reading process in a feedback regulation way. To verify the effectiveness of our approach, we conduct extensive experiments on three widely used datasets. The experiments demonstrate that HSCN achieves impressive results compared to other strong competitors.
Knowledge-Driven Encode, Retrieve, Paraphrase for Medical Image Report Generation
Authors: Li Christy Y. , Liang Xiaodan , Hu Zhiting , Xing Eric P.
Published: August 2019

Generating long and semantic-coherent reports to describe medical images poses great challenges towards bridging visual and linguistic modalities, incorporating medical domain knowledge, and generating realistic and accurate descriptions. We propose a novel Knowledge-driven Encode, Retrieve, Paraphrase (KERP) approach which reconciles traditional knowledge- and retrieval-based methods with modern learning-based methods for accurate and robust medical report generation. Specifically, KERP decomposes medical report generation into explicit medical abnormality graph learning and subsequent natural language modeling. KERP first employs an Encode module that transforms visual features into a structured abnormality graph by incorporating prior medical knowledge; then a Retrieve module that retrieves text templates based on the detected abnormalities; and lastly, a Paraphrase module that rewrites the templates according to specific cases. The core of KERP is a proposed generic implementation unit—Graph Transformer (GTR) that dynamically transforms high-level semantics between graph-structured data of multiple domains such as knowledge graphs, images and sequences. Experiments show that the proposed approach generates structured and robust reports supported with accurate abnormality description and explainable attentive regions, achieving the state-of-the-art results on two medical report benchmarks, with the best medical abnormality and disease classification accuracy and improved human evaluation performance.
Differentiated Distribution Recovery for Neural Text Generation
Authors: Li Jianing , Lan Yanyan , Guo Jiafeng , Xu Jun , Cheng Xueqi
Published: August 2019

Neural language models based on recurrent neural networks (RNNLM) have significantly improved the performance for text generation, yet the quality of generated text represented by Turing Test pass rate is still far from satisfying. Some researchers propose to use adversarial training or reinforcement learning to promote the quality, however, such methods usually introduce great challenges in the training and parameter tuning processes. Through our analysis, we find the problem of RNNLM comes from the usage of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) as the objective function, which requires the generated distribution to precisely recover the true distribution. Such requirement favors high generation diversity which restricted the generation quality. This is not suitable when the overall quality is low, since high generation diversity usually indicates lot of errors rather than diverse good samples. In this paper, we propose to achieve differentiated distribution recovery, DDR for short. The key idea is to make the optimal generation probability proportional to the β-th power of the true probability, where β > 1. In this way, the generation quality can be greatly improved by sacrificing diversity from noises and rare patterns. Experiments on synthetic data and two public text datasets show that our DDR method achieves more flexible quality-diversity trade-off and higher Turing Test pass rate, as compared with baseline methods including RNNLM, SeqGAN and LeakGAN.
Towards Personalized Review Summarization via User-Aware Sequence Network
Authors: Li Junjie , Li Haoran , Zong Chengqing
Published: August 2019

We address personalized review summarization, which generates a condensed summary for a user’s review, accounting for his preference on different aspects or his writing style. We propose a novel personalized review summarization model named User-aware Sequence Network (USN) to consider the aforementioned users’ characteristics when generating summaries, which contains a user-aware encoder and a useraware decoder. Specifically, the user-aware encoder adopts a user-based selective mechanism to select the important information of a review, and the user-aware decoder incorporates user characteristic and user-specific word-using habits into word prediction process to generate personalized summaries. To validate our model, we collected a new dataset Trip, comprising 536,255 reviews from 19,400 users. With quantitative and human evaluation, we show that USN achieves state-ofthe-art performance on personalized review summarization.
Exploiting the Ground-Truth: An Adversarial Imitation Based Knowledge Distillation Approach for Event Detection
Authors: Liu Jian , Chen Yubo , Liu Kang
Published: August 2019

The ambiguity in language expressions poses a great challenge for event detection. To disambiguate event types, current approaches rely on external NLP toolkits to build knowledge representations. Unfortunately, these approaches work in a pipeline paradigm and suffer from error propagation problem. In this paper, we propose an adversarial imitation based knowledge distillation approach, for the first time, to tackle the challenge of acquiring knowledge from rawsentences for event detection. In our approach, a teacher module is first devised to learn the knowledge representations from the ground-truth annotations. Then, we set up a student module that only takes the raw-sentences as the input. The student module is taught to imitate the behavior of the teacher under the guidance of an adversarial discriminator. By this way, the process of knowledge distillation from rawsentence has been implicitly integrated into the feature encoding stage of the student module. To the end, the enhanced student is used for event detection, which processes raw texts and requires no extra toolkits, naturally eliminating the error propagation problem faced by pipeline approaches. We conduct extensive experiments on the ACE 2005 datasets, and the experimental results justify the effectiveness of our approach.
DialogueRNN: An Attentive RNN for Emotion Detection in Conversations
Authors: Majumder Navonil , Poria Soujanya , Hazarika Devamanyu , Mihalcea Rada , Gelbukh Alexander , Cambria Erik
Published: August 2019

Emotion detection in conversations is a necessary step for a number of applications, including opinion mining over chat history, social media threads, debates, argumentation mining, understanding consumer feedback in live conversations, and so on. Currently systems do not treat the parties in the conversation individually by adapting to the speaker of each utterance. In this paper, we describe a new method based on recurrent neural networks that keeps track of the individual party states throughout the conversation and uses this information for emotion classification. Our model outperforms the state-of-the-art by a significant margin on two different datasets.
Strategic Factors Affecting Green Building Industry: A Macro-Environmental Analysis Using PESTEL Framework
Authors: ULUBEYLİ Serdar , KAZANCI Oğuzhan , KAZAZ Aynur , ARSLAN Volkan
Published: August 2019

For the last decade, green buildings have created a new industry of ecological
buildings. However, this industry is still newly developing and finds limited
implementation opportunities when compared to the traditional building
industry. Therefore, for a more preferable green building industry, strategic
factors that can have significant effects on the industry should be
comprehended. Based on this argument, the present study aims (i) to identify
these factors, (ii) to determine their importance levels, and lastly (iii) to
find out their current levels of impact on the industry. To achieve this, a
questionnaire survey was conducted for the Turkish green building industry
through 32 industrial practitioners who have an official LEED Credentials. The
results obtained were evaluated via the relative importance index method. Consequently,
a total of 30 strategic factors were identified. Out of them, 28 were found to
be significant while only 16 currently have a significant impact on the
industry.
Karyotype features based on diploid number and sex chromosome system of Steatoda grossa (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Turkey
Authors: Kumbıçak Zübeyde
Published: August 2019

In
this study, karyotypic investigation of Steatoda
grossa belonging to the family, Theridiidae was carried out to contribute
cytogenetic relationships of the family. A standard air-drying method was used
to obtain chromosome slides including three main steps as hypotonisation,
fixation and staining. As a result, the diploid number and sex chromosome
system was determined as 2n♂=22 (X1X2). All chromosomes
were telocentric and gradually decreased in size. Sex chromosomes were
positively heteropycnotic in the stages of meiosis I, and isopycnotic in
meiosis II. The results showed the similarity with the previous investigations
obtained from different populations.
Psikolojik Danışman Adaylarının Psikolojik Danışma Özyeterliklerinin Çeşitli Betimsel Özellikleri Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: BAKİOĞLU Fuad , TÜRKÜM Ayşe Sibel
Published: August 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı,
psikolojik danışman adaylarının psikolojik danışma özyeterliklerinin çeşitli
betimsel özellikleri açısından incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya Türkiye’de
14 farklı devlet üniversitesi psikolojik danışmanlık ve rehberlik programının
son sınıfında öğrenim gören 431 psikolojik danışman adayı katılmıştır. Çalışma
grubunun %71’i (N=306) kadın ve %29’u (N=125) erkektir. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması
22.16, yaş standart sapması .99’dur. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında
Psikolojik Danışma Özyeterlik Ölçeği ve araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan
kişisel bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada tek yönlü varyans analizi
(ANOVA) ve bağımsız örneklem t-testi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi için IBM
SPSS Statistic 22 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre, psikolojik danışman adaylarının psikolojik
danışma özyeterlikleri psikolojik danışma uygulaması öncesi aldıkları mesleki
derslere ve psikolojik danışma uygulamalarına ilişkin değerlendirmelerine göre
farklılaşmaktadır. Kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışma dersi almış olanların
psikolojik danışma özyeterlikleri, dersi almayanlarınkinden anlamlı düzeyde
yüksek bulunmuştur. Psikolojik danışman adaylarının aldıkları mesleki
dersler, psikolojik danışma uygulamaları ve kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışma
dersini almaları psikolojik danışma özyeterliklerinin artmasına katkı sağladığı
sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Ortaöğretim Kurumu Öğretmenlerinin Web 2.0 Uygulamaları İçin Haberdarlıklarının, Yeterlilik Düzeylerinin, Kullanım Sıkılıklarının ve Eğitsel Amaçlı Kullanım Biçimlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KARACA Feride , AKTAŞ Niyazi
Published: August 2019

Ortaöğretim kurumu öğretmenlerinin Web 2.0 uygulamalarını ne
sıklıkta ve öğretim süreçlerinde hangi amaçlar doğrultusunda kullandıklarının
incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada araştırmacılar tarafından
geliştirilmiş olan tarama türü anket ile ortaöğretim kurumlarında görev
yapmakta olan toplam 168 öğretmenden veriler toplanmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları
incelendiğinde Sosyal Ağlar ve Video Paylaşım Siteleri öğretmenler tarafından
en çok haberdar olunan, kullanılan ve öğretmenlerin kendilerini en yeterli
gördükleri Web 2.0 uygulamaları olurken, Podcast ve RSS ‘in en az kullanılan
uygulamalar oldukları bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, çalışma sonuçlarına göre
Web 2.0 uygulamalarının en çok iletişim, derslerle ilgili araştırma yapmak ya
da dersleri destekleyici kaynak materyallere erişmek amacı ile kullanıldıkları
görülmektedir. Çalışma sonuçları Web 2.0 araçlarının eğitim ortamlarında etkili
bir şekilde kullanılması için neler yapılması ve hangi tedbirlerin alınması gerektiği
konusunda yol gösterici olacaktır.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Eğitim Programına İlişkin Bilgi Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KIZILASLAN TUNÇER Berfu , ŞAHİN Çavuş
Published: August 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı, öğretmen adaylarının
eğitim programlarına ilişkin bilgi düzeylerini belirleyerek, öğretmen
adaylarının eğitim programlarına ilişkin bilgi düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenlere
göre farklılaşma düzeylerini açıklamaktır. Eğitim programları öğretim sürecinin
önemli bir parçası olduğundan, eğitim programlarının uygulayıcısı olacak
öğretmen adaylarının programa ilişkin bilgi düzeylerini belirlemek önem
taşımaktadır. Araştırma betimsel türde bir araştırma olup, tarama modelinde
desenlenmiştir. Bu araştırmanın evrenini 2017-2018 öğretim yılı bahar
yarıyılında Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Temel Eğitim
Bölümü Sınıf Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı ve Okul Öncesi Eğitimi Anabilim Dalında
öğrenim gören öğretmen adayları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi ölçüt
örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Ölçüt ise öğretmen adaylarının eğitim
programlarına ilişkin bilgileri yoğunluklu olarak aldıkları “Öğretim İlke ve Yöntemleri”
dersini almış olmalarıdır. Araştırmada “Eğitim Programı Başarı Testi” ve
“Kişisel Bilgiler Formu” kullanılmıştır. Bu testler araştırmacılar tarafından
hazırlanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 22.0 paket programı kullanılarak
bulgular belirlenmiş ve elde edilen bulgular yorumlanmıştır. Ayrıca öğretmen
adaylarının eğitim programlarına ilişkin bilgi düzeylerinin cinsiyet, öğrenim
görülmekte olan anabilim dalı, Öğretim İlke ve Yöntemleri dersi başarı notu,
sınıf ve genel not ortalaması değişkenleri ile ilişkisi belirlenmiştir.