bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feminine farm operational methods, involvement, hardships and sensitivity in farming systems analysis
Authors: VERMA NISHA , SINGH M P , NATH AMIT , KASHYAP POONAM , SINGH S P , PANWAR A S
Published: November 2022

The present study has been conducted to identify the sensitivity in the pre-dominant farming systems of Western plain zone of Uttar Pradesh (WPZ) considering the importance of gender specific technologies much needed for better efficiency and productivity of farming systems. Four pre-dominant farming systems have been identified in WPZ of Uttar Pradesh with the highest area share (57.1%) and highest farmer distribution (62.9%) in FS1: Crop + Dairy (1C+1-2B). The highest net return was found in FS2: Crop + Horticulture (Fruits) + Dairy (2C+ 1-2 B), whereas the lowest net return was noticed in FS3: Crop + Horticulture (Vegetables) + Dairy (1C + 1B). Load carrying through head load was found extensively performed by the women of FS3 followed by FS4: Horticulture + Crop + Dairy (1C+1B) and FS2 respectively. Chopper (hand tool) for chaff cutting, winnowing through natural wind, power operated winnowing without safety gadgets was performed in FS4 (33%), FS3 (22.8%) and FS4 (17%) respectively by family female workers. Threshing through hand beating was maximally performed by FS2 (81%) as hired female labour. Work involvement in farming system studies shows that female workers (family and hired) of FS3 contributed maximum (44.7%) followed by FS1 (41.5%). Also, the women participation index on drudgery prone activities was found highest amongst female workers (family and hired) of FS3 (87.8%) followed by FS1 (83.21%). The results indicate that FS3 may be tagged as sensitive farming system with respect to maximum number of female headed households contributing maximum work and hardships followed by FS1.
Soil carbon dynamics, carbon budget and its relationship with crop yield under different cropping systems in Vertisols of Central India
Authors: COUMAR M VASSANDA , KUNDU S , SAHA J K , RAJENDIRAN S , DOTANIYA M L , KARTHIKEYAN K , PATRA A K
Published: November 2022

The present study was carried out in the farmers’ field during 2014–15 in the agro-ecological sub-region 10.1, covering Sehore and Vidisha of Madhya Pradesh, India. The study was aimed to quantify the annual biomass carbon addition and carbon loss from cultivated Vertisols under different cropping systems and its impact on crop yield. The result indicates that loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) due to intensive crop cultivation was 31.03% and 46.31% as compared to pristine soils of Sehore and Vidisha district, respectively. Among the cropping systems, SOC pool values are relatively higher under legume based cropping system (soybean-wheat and soybean-chickpea) than cereal-cereal cropping system (rice-wheat). The loss of carbon from passive pools was considerably lower (15.72–23.53%) under legume based cropping system as compared to cereal based cropping system (30.20%). The C balance sheet in Sehore and Vidisha districts indicates that the annual loss of C from soil was much less than the annual input of biomass C into the soil, thereby, maintaining a positive C balance in soil to the tune of 1666 (soybean- chickpea system in Sehore) to 2008 kg C (soybean-wheat system in Vidisha) in the soil. Thus, the study concludes that legume based cropping system in Vertisol are soil carbon restorative process as compared to cereal-cereal based cropping system.
Minimum till lentil (Lens culinaris): an efficient way for rice fallow utilization and income enhancement in subtropical Tripura
Authors: YADAV GULAB SINGH , DEVI A GANGARANI , KANDPAL BASANT , DAS ANUP , BARMAN K K , BABU SUBHASH
Published: November 2022

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) can be a potential crop to intensify the rice (Oryza sativa L.) fallow land of Tripura to meet out the pulses requirement of the state. Thus, five lentil varieties, i.e. HUL-57, WBL-77, WBL-58, PL-06 and NDL-1 were demonstrated under three establishment methods, i.e. minimum till (MT), no-till (NT) and paira cropping (PC) on 75 farmers’ field at Moracherra, Dhalai, Tripura during winter seasons of 2012–14 in a participatory mode to gear up the pulse production in the state. Study revealed that the cultivation of lentil under MT and NT systems resulted in more number of branches/plant, pods/plant, seeds/pod and seed yield than those planted under PC. Hence, the farmers planted lentil under MT obtained more gross and net returns than those planted lentil under NT and PC. However, benefit to cost (B:C) ratio was significantly higher under PC than the other establishment methods. Lentil variety HUL-57 outperformed other varieties with respect to number of branches/plant, pods/plant, seeds/pod, seed yield and also recorded the highest gross and net returns and B:C ratio followed by WBL-77, WBL-58. Therefore, study recommended the cultivation of lentil varieties HUL-57, WBL-77 and WBL-58 under minimum tillage system for intensifying the rice fallows of Tripura to boost up the pulses production in the state.
Alleviation of enzymatic browning and maintenance of postharvest quality of litchi (Litchi chinensis) fruit with packaging films
Authors: SHILPA SHILPA , MAHAJAN B V C , SINGH NAVPREM , SHARMA SUCHETA , KAUR SUMANJIT
Published: November 2022

The present study was carried out during the years 2016–17 and 2017–18 to evaluate the effect of different packaging films for control of pericarp browning and maintenance of postharvest quality of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruits during cold storage. Litchi fruits of cultivar Dehradun were harvested at physiological mature stage and de-stalked. The fruits were packed in low density polyethylene film (LDPE, 25 μ), high density polyethylene film (HDPE, 10 μ) and heat shrinkable film (15 μ). The control fruits were packed with in gunny sack with litchi leaves as per traditional technique.The fruits were then stored in walk-in-cold store (2-3°C and 90-95% RH) for 4 weeks. The results revealed that LDPE packaging film proved to be the most effective in minimizing the pericarp browning of litchi fruits. LDPE film resulted in reducing the weight loss, browning index and maintained, organoleptic quality, TSS, acidity, ascorbic acid and gave the best browning inhibition during the storage by reducing the activities of polyphenol oxidase and maintained a higher level of total anthocyanin. The data revealed that litchi fruits packed in LDPE films can be stored successfully up to three weeks with acceptable marketable quality.
Influence of selenium and chitosan on physico-chemical properties of guava (Psidium guajava) under storage
Authors: Choudhary Poonam , Kumari Nisha , Jain Veena
Published: November 2022

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is an important fruit cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Being a climacteric fruit it has very high respiration and deterioration rates (shelf-life 3-4 days), making a challenge for storage. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted during 2016–17 to reduce the post-harvest losses and extension of shelf-life of guava fruits var. Hisar Surkha using the combination of selenium and chitosan treatments. The mature green freshly harvested guava fruits were treated with selenium solutions (0.01 ppm, 0.02 ppm, and 0.05 ppm) in combination with 1.5% chitosan containing 0.5% acetic acid for 5 min and stored at room temperature (20±2°C, 82±5% RH). The fruits were analyzed for physico-chemical attributes (physiological weight loss, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity) and biochemical characteristics (total phenolic, flavonoid contents, and total antioxidant activity) at three days interval. The combined treatments of selenium and chitosan helped in delaying weight loss (9.66%), lower disease incidence, better retention of fruit firmness (4.70 kg/cm2), soluble solids (13.03 ºBrix), titratable acidity (0.38%) compared to control on 12th day of storage. Treatment of guava fruits with selenium and chitosan also maintained higher total phenols (24.99 mg GAE /g dry wt.), flavonoids (3.51 mg CE/g dry wt.) and exhibited higher antioxidant activity (54.32%) throughout storage. The present study showed that combination of Se (0.02 ppm) and chitosan (1.5%) was most effective in maintaining post-harvest quality and enhance the shelf life of guava fruits up to 12 days during storage at room temperature.
Seed quality differences in diverse seed colored Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) genotypes
Authors: Yadav Sangita , Yadav Shiv K , Swami Sunil , Saini NAVINDER , Hussain Zakir , Vasudev Sujata , Yadava D K
Published: November 2022

‘Canola quality’ Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) with varying seed color are a new kind of breeding resources with single zero genotypes having low level of erucic acid (<2%) while double zero genotypes have both low erucic and glucosinolate content (<30 μmole/g defatted meal). In order to know the variation in seed quality of different types of Indian mustard, in the present study nine genotypes consisting of conventional as well as ‘canola quality’ having either black or yellow seed testa colour were subjected to multivariate analysis including principal component (PCA) and cluster analysis of physiological and biochemical parameters. Data for physiological, biochemical and seed vigour trait was recorded and analysed during 2017–18 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The first three axes of the PCA captured 85% of the total variation encountered and identified water uptake ratio, electrical conductivity (EC), PUFA/MUFA ratio and Malondialdehyde (MDA) values positively contributing to most of variation while melanin content, total phenol content, germination percentage, vigour indices and glucosinolate content contributed negatively. Cluster analysis classified these genotypes into two distinct groups based on seed testa colour. Black seeded genotypes clustered in group 1 and yellow seeded genotypes clustered in groups II. Moreover, these techniques also differentiated canola from conventional genotypes among their testa groups. The majority of yellow-seeded genotypes had low melanin and total phenol content in testa causing rapid water uptake and higher leakage than the black-seeded genotypes, which led to imbibition damage resulting in lower germination percentage and seed vigour indices.
Amelioration of lodging in barley (Hordeum vulgare) using plant growth regulators
Authors: KUMAR SUDESH , YADAV M R , GUPTA K C , SAXENA RANI , MEENA O P , SINGH JOGENDRA , RAJPUT S S , YADAV K C , KHRUB A S
Published: November 2022

The present study with aim to evaluate the efficacy of plant growth retardants to enhance productivity of barley by reducing lodging behaviour under high nitrogen supply was carried during rabi 2016–17 and 2017–18 at Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur. Results revealed that application of 125% and 150% RDN recorded significantly higher periodic plant height and dry matter accumulation over 100% RDN. The combined application of Chlormequat Chloride fb Cerone reduced the plant height by 6.65, 4.49 and 2.93% at 60 DAS, 12.19, 8.58 and 3.57% at 90 DAS and 11.46, 8.50 and 4.63% at harvest, thus, reduced the lodging score by 70.05, 52.01 and 29.40% over water spray, CCC and Cerone, respectively. The significantly maximum lodging score (10.23), number of effective tillers/m2 (318.69), spike length (12.03 cm) and number of grains/spike (44.67) were registered with 150% RDN. The combined spray of Chlormequat Chloride fb Cerone increased the effective tillers by 14.97, 10.12 and 5.11% and test weight by 8.90, 5.72 and 2.88% over water spray, Chlormequat Chloride and Cerone used alone, respectively. The grain, straw and biological yield of wheat with 150% RDN were 10.98, 5.17 and 7.90% higher compared to 100% RDN, respectively. However, 125% RDN was found statistically at par with 150% RDN. The application of 125 and 150% RDN increased the gross return by 5.72–9.48% and net returns by 7.47–12.02% and B:C ratio by 5.74- 8.66% over 100% RDN. The combined application of CCC fb Cerone increased gross by 9.65, 6.01 and 2.37% and net returns by 10.31, 7.98 and 2.70% over water spray, Chlormequat Chloride and Cerone used alone, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that use of plant growth regulators i.e. Chlormequat Chloride fb Cerone under higher use nitrogen (125% RDN) can be advocated as sustainable strategy to manage the problem of lodging and enhancing productivity and profitability of barley cultivation.
Fragmentarisk partnerskap i lærerstudenters FoU-veiledning: En studie av studenter og lærerutdanneres erfaringer
Authors: Olsen Rigmor , Bjørndal Cato
Published: November 2022

Samhandlingen mellom campus- og skoledelen av lærerutdanningen har tradisjonelt vært svak. Derfor hevdes det internasjonalt at utvikling av partnerskap mellom universiteter og skoler er avgjørende for å styrke lærerutdanningens kvalitet, og i senere tiår er det lansert mange intervensjoner for å utvikle partnerskap. En av disse er den nylig innførte «FoU-oppgaven» i norsk lærerutdanning, der studentene veiledes av lærerutdannere fra begge kontekster. Det er behov for kunnskap om hvordan samhandlingen mellom partene i denne veiledningen fungerer, og denne undersøkelsens formål er å bidra med dette.

Gjennom studien i en grunnskolelærerutdanning undersøkes det hvordan lærerstudenter, praksislærere og universitetslærere opplever samhandlingen med hverandre i FoU-veiledningen. Fokusgrupper ble gjennomført med hver av partene, og dette gav materiale til en tematisk analyse. Studien viser at samhandlingen karakteriseres av et begrenset utviklet partnerskap, preget av avstand mellom intensjoner og opplevde realiteter, uklarhet mht. partenes roller og oppgaver, samt varierende samhandling og engasjement.

Studien gir spesifikk kunnskap om utfordringene ved triadisk FoU-veiledning som involverer parter fra begge lærerutdanningskontekstene. Mer generelt viser studien behovet for å klargjøre felles forståelse i samarbeidstiltak, og å belyse forholdet mellom ambisiøse partnerskapsintensjoner og begrensede ressurser i lærerutdanning.
The Complete Genome Sequence of Chlorophytum comosum (Asparagaceae, Asparagales), the Spider Plant
Authors: Idrissi Azami Abdellah , O'Neill Kathleen , Pirro Stacy , Ghazal Hassan
Published: November 2022

Chlorophytum comosum is a species of evergreen perennial flowering plant native to tropical and southern Africa but has become naturalized in other parts of the world, including western Australia and Bangladesh. We present the whole genome sequence of Chlorophytum comosum. Illumina paired-end reads were assembled by a de novo method followed by a finishing step. The raw and assembled data are publicly available via GenBank: Sequence Read Archive (SRR11638255) and assembled genome (GCA_025212335).
Fun and Games: Investment Gamification and Implications for Capital Markets
Authors: Ramachandran Sivananth
Published: November 2022

Gamification and other behavioral techniques have many positive uses, such as education, but these methods could also be exploited to promote excessive trading. This paper analyzes the main issues and recommends reforms to prevent abuses.
El régimen de las indemnizaciones por las privaciones singulares derivadas de la legislación de conservación de la biodiversidad
Authors: López Ramón Fernando
Published: November 2022

El autor aborda la problemática planteada en torno al reconocimiento y alcance de la indemnización a propietarios y titulares de otras situaciones patrimoniales que se ven afectados por los espacios naturales protegidos.

Hacer frente a este problema exige cuestionarse la naturaleza de los efectos que proyectan la declaración de un espacio natural protegido y su régimen especial sobre las situaciones patrimoniales afectadas por los espacios naturales, o lo que es lo mismo, determinar si la privación o menoscabo patrimonial ocasionado por la normativa que declara y regula régimen de un espacio natural protegido puede equipararse a una situación expropiatoria o a una mera delimitación de la función social de la propiedad. En el artículo se plantea esta cuestión, se exponen los criterios legales y las líneas jurisprudenciales vigentes en relación con las privaciones singulares requeridas de indemnización y se proponen soluciones de lege ferenda para hacer frente a la problemática indemnizatoria.
التراث العلمي العثماني
Authors: أوغلى أكمل الدين إحسان
Published: November 2022

كتاب التراث العلميّ العثمانيّ مرجعٌ تاريخيّ، ومصدرٌ لا غنى عنه، وإضافةٌ نوعيةٌ كبرى؛ ولعلّنا لا نبالغ إذا قلنا إنّه درّة من دُرر منشورات مؤسّسة الفرقان للتراث الإسلامي، إذ يُغطّي فترةً مهمّةً من تاريخ التراث الإسلامي، أهملها جلُّ المؤرّخين في تاريخ العلوم. ويضمّ الكتاب في طياته زُبدة التراث العلميّ العثماني، من خلال الكشف عن الإنجازات العلمية والحضارية التي تمّت في رحاب الدولة العثمانية طوال تاريخها الممتدّ لستّة قرونٍ، وإسهامها في الجهد التراكمي للتراث البشري. يتكوّن الكتاب من مجلدين. يحتوي المجلد الأوّل على تحليلٍ ودراسةٍ مستفيضةٍ حول التراث العلمي العثماني: التاريخ، المفهوم والنشأة، والانتشار، إضافة إلى حركة الترجمة، وتعليم العلوم العقلية؛ كما يتناول مرحلة الحداثة والعصرنة، وبداية ظهور المؤسّسات العلمية الجديدة، نتيجة الاتصال بأوربا خصوصًا، وبالغرب عمومًا. أمّا المجلّد الثاني، الذي يتكوّن من جزئين، فيعرض بالتفصيل المصنّفات العلمية الكاملة لـ 370 عالمًا من كبار العلماء، تمّ انتقاؤهم على امتداد الجغرافيا العثمانية، كما يعرض 92 عملًا مهمًّا من بين 7145 عمَلاً غير معروف المُؤلّف. ونظرًا للأهميّة البالغة لهذا المرجع الكبير، ارتأت مؤسّسة الفرقان للتراث الإسلامي أن تنهض بترجمته من اللغة التركية إلى اللغة العربية، لتعمّ فوائده، وتُجتنى عوائده، بالإضافة إلى أنّ الحاجة إليه أصبحت ضرورية وماسّة. و علاوة على أنّ الكتاب سيسدّ فراغًا كبيرًا في المجال الببليوغرافي، إلا أنّه - بالإضافة إلى ذلك - كتابٌ جامعٌ لجُملة من العلوم والمعارف والفنون، كالرياضيات، والفلك والفيزياء والكيمياء، وفنون الحرب والأسلحة، والطِّب والصيدلة والبيطرة، والجغرافيا ورسم الخرائط والجيولوجيا، وعلوم الزراعة، وهندسة الغابات، والعمارة، والموسيقى، التي تمّ تأليفها باللّغات العربية أو التركية أو الفارسية، أو بعض اللغات الأوربية، في القرن الثامن عشر والتاسع عشر. إنّ خروج هذا الكتاب إلى النُّور هو فتحٌ جديدٌ، وإنجازٌ هائلٌ، ومفتاحٌ ثمينٌ، ونقطة تحوّلٍ، ستفتح البابَ لعملِ بحوثٍ مبتكرةٍ ومهمّةٍ في أبحاث تاريخ العلوم عند المسلمين، كما سيكون أفضلَ الشواهد الساطعة على استمرار تقدّم العلم الإسلامي في الفترة العثمانية.
مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية في ضوء السنة النبوية الشريفة (3)
Authors: البشير عصام أحمد
Published: November 2022

سيجد القارئ بين طيّات هذا الكتاب بحوثا علمية متعلقة بفعاليات الدورة العلمية الثالثة في موضوع «السنة النبوية الشريفة في ضوء مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية: من خلال مقامات التصرفات النبوية»، وذلك تتميما للدورتين السالفتين في نفس الموضوع، والتي نظّمها مركز دراسات مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية بمؤسسة الفرقان للتراث الإسلامي. وكان الهدف من هذه الدورة العلمية هو التأسيس لحسن فهم مقاصد السنة النبوية من خلال مقامات التصرّفات النبوية واستيعابها؛ وهو عمل لا يقدر عليه إلّا أفذاذُ أهل العلم، ممن لهم الخبرةُ الطويلةُ بعلم المقاصد، تنظيرًا واستقراءً وتنزيلًا؛ ذلك لأنّ فهم الأحكام ومقاصد الشرع دون الرجوع إلى التصرّفات والمقامات النبوية هو سبيلٌ مفضيةٌ إلى الخلل. وكان من أهداف هذه الدورة أيضًا التشجيع على الاستلهام من السنة النبوية الشريفة لإيجاد حلول لأوجه الاعوجاج في التديّن، ومظاهر الخلل في التمدّن، في أوقاتنا المعاصرة بالخصوص. كما تكمن أهمية هذه الدورة في إحداث التواصل بين طلبة العلم والعلماء، وتمكينهم من حسن النظر في مستجدات العصر. وسيجد القارئ الكريم ‏بين دفتي هذا الكتاب بحوثًا أكاديميةً محكّمةً قيّمةً، تشكّل إسهامًا جديدًا ذا قيمةٍ في المجال العلميّ والمعرفيّ، لثلّة من العلماء من أهل التخصّص في مجال مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية، اتّسمت أوراقهم بالتجديد والإضافة النوعية، وعمقِ النظر، وسدادِ الرأي، ودقيقِ الفكر، وقويمِ المنهج؛ وقد تمحورت حول: مقاصد التصرفات النبوية بالإمامة، والتمييز بين مقاماتها، ومقاصدها في الفتاوى النبوية والقضاء والصلح، إضافة إلى التطرّق إلى هدفها السامي المتمثّل في تكميل النُّفوس: تأصيلًا وتقصيدًا، وملخَّصات لأربعة كتب معاصرة في السنة النبوية ومقاصدها.
Effect of Radiation-modified Kappa-carrageenan on the Morpho-agronomic Characteristics of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek]
Authors: Gatan Mary Grace , Montefalcon Djowel Recto , Aurigue Fernando , Abad Lucille
Published: November 2022

Initially, the effects of radiation-modified kappa-carrageenan (RMKC) at different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/L or ppm) as plant growth promoter were determined on plants of mungbean variety NSIC 2002 Mg 13 (Pagasa 21). RMKC at 60 ppm proved to be the most effective in inducing plants to flower, promoting plant height, and increasing seed yield by enhancing the length of pod and number of seeds produced. In a second experiment, the effectivity of RMKC was compared with those of an inoculant (I), inoculant and inorganic fertilizer (I + F), and a seaweed-based commercial foliar fertilizer using the variety NSIC 2004 Mg 14 (Kulabo). Likewise, in a third experiment comparing RMKC with seaweed extract (SE) irradiated at increasing dose levels, RMKC also enabled the production of higher yield on Kulabo by increasing the length of pod, number of seeds/pod, and 100-seed weight even in the absence of an inoculant. It has been found to be more effective than a seaweed-based commercial foliar fertilizer as well as SEs that have been irradiated with 10, 20, and 30 kGy of gamma radiation probably due to the availability and stability of low molecular weight (Mw) fractions of κ-carrageenan and the micro-nutrients present in it. The use of RMKC as seed treatment and foliar application for Labo, Pagasa 7, and Pagasa 19 at 1 wk, 3 wk, and 5 wk after seedling emergence produced taller plants and gave higher yield. The increase in pod and seed yields are attributed to more flowers that become fruits (higher number of pods), longer pods with more seeds, and extended flowering and fruiting so there was longer harvesting time (number of priming doubled from 3 to 6). Seed yield of mungbean plants grown after rice or corn can be increased by application of 100 ppm RMKC as foliar spray three times – at 1, 3, and 5 wk after germination – with or without the use of a seed inoculant.
Gamma Radiation and In Vitro Induced Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV) Resistant Mutant Lines of Banana cv ‘Lakatan’ (Musa sp., AA)
Authors: Damasco Olivia , Dela Cueva Fe , Descalsota Jonathan , Tayobong Ryan Rodrigo
Published: November 2022

Gamma irradiation coupled with in vitro technology was used to develop BBTV resistance in banana cv ‘Lakatan.’ Ten (10) resistant lines were selected after several generations of evaluation and selection. The selected lines (M1V3–M1V4) showed low disease incidence in the field under high disease pressure and, likewise, low disease incidence with aphid inoculation of the virus. Further disease evaluation (M1V4–M1V5) on these lines consistently showed low BBTV disease incidence (11.62–28.57%) 30 mo from planting (MAP). The genetic variability in morpho-agronomic traits derived from SHAN cluster analysis grouped the selected lines into four major clusters for qualitative traits at 0.636 coefficient of similarity and three clusters for quantitative traits at 0.11 Euclidian distance coefficient. Selections based on agronomic traits showed significantly earlier flowering in three mutant lines and shorter stature in two mutant lines. Short strand repeat (SSR) analysis using 11 primers detected a high level of polymorphism in mutant lines. Mutant lines were differentiated from the ‘Lakatan’ control by the absence of one or few alleles in mutant lines with four primers and/or addition of one or few alleles in mutant lines with two primers. SSR analysis revealed genetic differences among mutant lines and between mutant lines and ‘Lakatan' control. The results of the study further affirmed stable BBTV resistance in advanced generation evaluation (M1V4M1V5). Five out of ten resistant lines were selected for further evaluation in multi-location field trials as a requirement for registration and release of new BBTV resistant mutant variety of ‘Lakatan.’
Economic Growth and Credit in India
Authors: Singh Charan , Pemmaraju Subhash , Das Rohan
Published: November 2022

The interdependence between credit expansion and economic growth has been a subject of some debate. While some economists contest that the development of the financial system is a byproduct of economic growth others assert that credit expansion is critical for growth itself. India’s impetus on expanding its banking reach and recent changes in the way transactions are being done begs the question whether such changes directly affect the growth trajectory. This paper aims to examine and understand the relationship between credit and growth in India in the last few decades. Different metrics for credit and output is used to test the relationship at an overall as well as sectoral level. The findings indicate a strong relationship between the two variables.
A Bioethics Framework for At-risk Child/Adolescent Access to Key Reproductive Health Services Without Parental Consent
Authors: Akrami Forouzan , Zali Alireza , Abbasi Mahmoud
Published: November 2022

Context: Access of adolescents to key reproductive health services (KRHS) has been emphasized; however, how to provide it has not been addressed. This study aimed to propose a bioethics framework to justify at-risk child/adolescent access to KRHS without parental consent. Evidence Acquisition: First, articles and documents were searched using the age of consent laws, reproductive health, and ethical/legal standards phrases with AND/OR separators in PubMed and Web of Science and also using the Google Scholar search engine in English. After a concise review of the age of consent in child/adolescent-related laws, at-risk child/adolescent access to KRHS without parental consent was justified using major ethical and legal principles and standards. Results: Given the different purposes and nature of harm preventive services, in the first part, the authors argue that considering the age of consent for at-risk adolescents’ access to KRHS is a limiting and inefficient factor, and KRHS could be provided for the at-risk adolescent with his/her own assent. In the second part, the authors argue that in decision-making for at-risk adolescents’ access to KRHS, the best interest standard is applicable on the ground of harm standard. Regarding the sociocultural context of the community, after assessing the seriousness of the harm and the threshold of intervention, practical steps are taken toward reducing or removing harm and choosing the option that best promotes adolescents’ interests. Conclusions: Regarding the existence of restrictive laws, the suggested framework can be applied in different communities as a bioethics policy guide for legislation and appropriate actions of adolescents’ healthcare professionals.
Uso del software educativo Smart notebook y su influencia en la actividad didáctica interactiva de los docentes
Authors: Aguilar-Alarcon Eliott
Published: November 2022

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo general determinar la influencia del software educativo Smart Notebook en la Actividad didáctica interactiva de los docentes del nivel secundario de la Institución Educativa Mariscal Domingo Nieto de la provincia General Sánchez Cerro, región Moquegua – 2019, se aplicó a 34 docentes quienes fueron la población del estudio y la muestra seleccionada por el método no probabilístico. Se basa el método en el método científico, por lo cual la metodología utilizada tiene un diseño no experimental – transversal, el tipo de investigación es correlacional con un nivel descriptivo, las técnicas utilizadas para ambas variables es la encuesta y su instrumento es el cuestionario. Los resultados evidenciaron una influencia directa del uso software educativo Smart Notebook con un 74% de docentes que usan y conocen lo suficiente, en la Actividad didáctica interactiva con un 85% de docentes con un nivel eficiente, así mismo, comprobando estos resultados con la prueba de hipótesis con un nivel de significancia de 0.000, lo que demuestra una relación directa y significativa
LA DETENCIÓN/PRISIÓN INCOMUNICADA: ANÁLISIS DE LA STEDH ATRISTAIN GOROSABEL VS ESPAÑA Y DE LAS PRIMERAS RESOLUCIONES DE LA AUDIENCIA NACIONAL DICTADAS TRAS LA PUBLICACIÓN DE LA SENTENCIA.
Authors: Liñán Lafuente Alfredo
Published: November 2022

La detención o la prisión incomunicada se establece como un régimen excepcional de limitación temporal de derechos. El TEDH en la sentencia Atristain Gorosabel vs. España exige que existan motivos pertinentes y suficientes para adoptarla. Al no apreciarlos, en este caso concreto, condena España por vulneración del artículo 6 del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos. La aplicación de esta doctrina jurisprudencial produce determinados efectos indirectos en la práctica procesal. En este artículo se presentan algunos ejemplos y se valora el posible desarrollo que tendrá en un futuro.
A complicated relationship: Examining the relationship between flexible strategy use and accuracy
Authors: Garcia Coppersmith Jeannette , Star Jon R.
Published: November 2022

This study explores student flexibility in mathematics by examining the relationship between accuracy and strategy use for solving arithmetic and algebra problems. Core to procedural flexibility is the ability to select and accurately execute the most appropriate strategy for a given problem. Yet the relationship between strategy selection and accurate execution is nuanced and poorly understood. In this paper, this relationship was examined in the context of an assessment where students were asked to complete the same problem twice using different approaches. In particular, we explored (a) the extent to which students were more accurate when selecting standard or better-than-standard strategies, (b) whether this accuracy-strategy use relationship differed depending on whether the student solved a problem for the first time or the second time, and (c) the extent to which students were more accurate when solving algebraic versus arithmetic problems. Our results indicate significant associations between accuracy and all of these aspects— we found differences in accuracy based on strategy, problem type, and a significant interaction effect between strategy and assessment part. These findings have important implications both for researchers investigating procedural flexibility as well as secondary mathematics educators who seek to promote this capacity among their students.
Mechanism of multiphase coupling transport evolution of free sink vortex
Authors: Li Lin , Lu Bin , Xu Wei-Xin , Gu Ze-Heng , Yang Yuan-Shan , Tan Da-Peng ,   Key Laboratory of E & M, Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China,   State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Published: November 2022

In the evolution of confluence sink vortex with a free surface, there exists some physical processes , such as multiphase coupling, mass transfer, and intensive energy exchange. Here, the transport mechanism of multiphase coupling is a complex dynamic problem with highly nonlinear characteristics. The mechanical modeling and numerical solution of multiphase viscous coupled transport are facing a significant challenge. To address the above problem, a method of modeling and solving multiphase coupling transport of the free sink vortex is proposed. Based on the coupled level set and volume-of-fluid (CLSVOF) method, a multiphase coupling transport model of the free sink vortex is set up with a continuous surface tension model and a realizable (k-ε) turbulence model. By using an effective volumetric correction scheme, the high-speed rotating flow is calculated, and the mass conservation of flow field and the velocity field without divergence are ensured. Then, an interphase coupling solution approach accurately traces the multiphase fluid distribution and multiphase interface. The multiphase coupling interface and cross-scale vortex cluster transport laws are obtained according to the multi-characteristic physical variables. The interaction mechanism between the multiphase coupling transport process and the pressure pulsation characteristics is revealed. The results show that the multiphase coupling transport is the critical state of the fluid medium transition. The vortex microclusters are subjected to different spatiotemporal disturbance modes and form the layered threaded waveforms at the interface. With the increase of the nozzle sizes, the multiphase coupling process is strengthened, and the coupling energy shock causes nonlinear pressure pulsation. This study can offer valuable references to the researches of the vortex transport mechanism, cross-scale solution of vortex cluster, and flow pattern tracking.
Chimpanzee play sequences are structured hierarchically as games
Authors: Mielke Alexander , Carvalho Susana
Published: November 2022

Social play is ubiquitous in the development of many animal species and involves players adapting actions flexibly to their own previous actions and partner responses. Play differs from other behavioural contexts for which fine-scale analyses of action sequences are available, such as tool use and communication, in that its form is not defined by its function, making it potentially more unpredictable. In humans, play is often organised in games, where players know context-appropriate actions but string them together unpredictably. Here, we use the sequential nature of play elements to explore whether play elements in chimpanzees are structured hierarchically and follow predictable game-like patterns. Based on 5,711 play elements from 143 bouts, we extracted individual-level play sequences of 11 Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) of different ages from the Bossou community. We detected transition probabilities between play elements that exceeded expected levels and show that play elements form hierarchically clustered and interchangeable groups, indicative of at least six games that can be identified from transition networks, some with different roles for different players. We also show that increased information about preceding play elements improved predictability of subsequent elements, further indicating that play elements are not strung together randomly but that flexible action rules underlie their usage. Thus, chimpanzee play is hierarchically structured in short games which limit acceptable play elements and allow players to predict and adapt to partners’ actions. This “grammar of action” approach to social interactions can be valuable in understanding cognitive and communicative abilities within and across species.
The extended day length promotes earlier flowering of bermudagrass
Authors: Ji Mingxia , Wang Guangyang , Liu Xiaoyan , Li Xiaoning , Xue Ying , Amombo Erick , Fu Jinmin
Published: November 2022

Day length is a very critical environmental factor affecting plant growth and development. The extension of light application time has been shown to promote flowering in the long-day plant and to shorten breeding time in some crops. However, previous research on the regulation of bermudagrass flowering by light application time is scarce. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of day length on the growth and flowering of bermudagrass by prolonging the light application time in a controlled greenhouse. Three different light application times were set up in the experiment: 22/2 h (22 hours light/2 hours dark), 18/6 h (18 hours light/6 hours dark), 14/10 h (14 hours light/10 hours dark). Results showed that extending the light application time not only promoted the growth of bermudagrass (plant height, fresh weight, dry weight) but also its nutrient uptake (nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) content). In addition, daily light integrals were different when flowering under different light application times. Most importantly, under the 22/2 h condition, flowering time was successfully reduced to 44 days for common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] pers) genotype A12359 and 36 days for African bermudagrass (Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy) genotype ABD11. This study demonstrated a successful method of bermudagrass flowering earlier than usual time by manipulating light application time which may provide useful insights for bermudagrass breeding.
Astemizole-Methylene Blue Combination Therapy Reduces Monotherapy Adverse Effects in Balb/C Mice
Authors: Nyirongo Joyce , Onditi Faith , Simbauni Jemimah , Kamau Lucy , Mwangi Victor , Kagasi Esther , Ozwara Hastings
Published: November 2022

Aims: To determine the toxicity of astemizole-methylene blue combination therapy as effective candidates for therapeutic repurposing against malaria.

Study Design: Randomized block study design.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, between July and December, 2019.

Methodology: The Lorke’s technique was used to evaluate the toxicity of the drug combinations in

Balb/c mice (N=25). The mice were monitored for clinical signs at 2-hour intervals. After 48 hours, the mice were euthanized, and their tissues collected, weighed and grossly examined. Biochemistry and hematological tests were performed after blood samples were collected. Analysis of Variance and the t-test were used for statistical analysis; differences were considered significant if P values were less than 0.05 (p˂ 0.05).

Results: The findings revealed that mice treated with methylene blue alone experienced a decrease of appetite, while mice treated with astemizole alone experienced slight tremors, which were not observed in the medication combined groups. When compared to the negative controls, the astemizole-methylene blue 3:1 combination group exhibited reduced heart (p=0.007) and liver (p=0.0001) mean weights. Platelet levels in the astemizole-methylene blue 3:1 group were lower in comparison to the other groups (p=0.005), according to the hematological data collected.

Conclusion: When delivered in ratios with less astamizole, astemizole-methylene blue combination therapy showed better results in terms of safety than monotherapy with either drug alone.
Primary Prevention Management of Elevated Lipoprotein(a)
Authors: Agarwala Anandita , Ballantyne Christie , Stone Neil J.
Published: November 2022

A male individual in his 40s with a strong family history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease including premature cardiovascular events in multiple family members presents to your clinic to establish care for cardiovascular risk stratification. What would you do next?
Cutaneous Intestinal Metaplasia With Adenocarcinoma Treated With Intralesional Fluorouracil
Authors: Tao Joy , Joseph Mathew X. , Vaudreuil Adam , Dahiya Madhu , Eilers David
Published: November 2022

This case report describes a patient with cutaneous intestinal metaplasia with invasive adenocarcinoma treated successfully with intralesional fluorouracil.
15-Year Diversity Trends Among Dermatology Resident Trainees Compared With Other Specialties
Authors: Williams Jazzmin C. , Valladares Herbert Castillo , Waul Michael A. , Pandya Amit G. , Mathes Erin , Amerson Erin Huiras
Published: November 2022

This cross-sectional study examines racial and ethnic diversity trends among dermatology resident trainees and applicants compared with other specialties.
Characterization of Oncology Clinical Trials Using Germline Genetic Data
Authors: Kammula Ashwin V. , Schäffer Alejandro A. , Rajagopal Padma Sheila
Published: November 2022

Importance

The recent successes of poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and belzutifan support germline genetic data as an exciting, accessible source for biomarkers in cancer treatment. This study hypothesizes, however, that most oncology clinical trials using germline data largely prioritize BRCA1/2 as biomarkers and PARP inhibitors as therapy.

Objective

To characterize past and ongoing oncology trials that use germline data.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cross-sectional study of oncology trials used the Informa Trialtrove database to evaluate trial attributes. Trials using germline information (including the terms germline, hereditary, or inherited in the title, treatment plan, interventions, end points, objectives, results, or notes) and conducted globally between December 1, 1990, and April 4, 2022 (data freeze date), were included.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Trials by cancer type, phase, participants, sponsor type, end points, outcomes, and locations were described. Associated biomarkers and mechanisms of action for studied therapeutic interventions were counted. How germline data in trial inclusion and exclusion criteria are associated with end points, outcomes, and enrollment were also examined.

Results

A total of 887 of 84 297 (1.1%) oncology clinical trials in the Trialtrove database that use germline data were identified. Most trials were conducted in cancer types where PARP inhibitors are already approved. A total of 74.8% (672) of trials were performed in the phase 2 setting or above. Trials were primarily sponsored by industry (523 trials [59.0%]), academia (382 trials [43.1%]), and the government (274 trials [30.9%]), where trials may have multiple sponsor types. Among 343 trials using germline data with outcomes in Trialtrove, 180 (52.5%) reported meeting primary end points. Although BRCA1/2 are the most frequent biomarkers seen (BRCA1, 224 trials [25.3%]; BRCA2, 228 trials [25.7%]), trials also examine pharmacogenomic variants and germline mediators of somatic biomarkers. PARP inhibitors or immunotherapy were tested in 69.9% of trials; PARP inhibition was the most frequently studied mechanism (367 trials [41.4%]). An overwhelming number of trials using germline data were conducted in the US, Canada, and Europe vs other countries, mirroring disparities in cancer genetics data. Germline data in inclusion and exclusion criteria are associated with altered end point, outcomes, and enrollment compared with oncology trials with no germline data use. Examples of inclusion and exclusion criteria regarding germline data that may unintentionally exclude patients were identified.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that for germline biomarkers to gain clinical relevance, trials must expand biomarkers, therapies, and populations under study.
Interviewing to detect omission lies
Authors: Leal Sharon , Vrij Aldert , Deeb Haneen , Fisher Ronald P.
Published: November 2022

Interviewees sometimes deliberately omit reporting some information. Such omission lies differ from other lies because all the information interviewees present may be entirely truthful. Truth tellers and lie tellers carried out a mission. Truth tellers reported the entire mission truthfully. Lie tellers were also entirely truthful but left out one element of the mission. In truth tellers' statements, only the parts that lie tellers were also asked to recall were analysed. Interviews were carried out via the Cognitive Credibility Assessment, Reality Interview, or standard interview protocol. Dependent variables were the details, complications and verifiable sources interviewees reported. A questionnaire measured three deception strategies: ‘Tell it all’, ‘keep it simple’ or ‘paying attention to demeanour’. Lie tellers reported fewer details, complications and verifiable sources than truth tellers and reporting these variables was negatively correlated with the ‘keep it simple’ and ‘demeanour’ strategies. The type of interview protocol did not affect the results.
Enabling Durable Ultralow‐k Capacitors with Enhanced Breakdown Strength in Density‐Variant Nanolattices
Authors: Kim Min‐Woo , Lifson Max L. , Gallivan Rebecca , Greer Julia R. , Kim Bong‐Joong
Published: November 2022

Ultralow‐k materials used in high voltage devices require mechanical resilience and electrical and dielectric stability even when subjected to mechanical loads. Existing devices with organic polymers suffer from low thermal and mechanical stability while those with inorganic porous structures struggle with poor mechanical integrity. Recently, 3D hollow‐beam nanolattices have emerged as promising candidates that satisfy these requirements. However, their properties are maintained for only five stress cycles at strains below 25%. Here, we demonstrate that alumina nanolattices with different relative density distributions across their height elicit a deterministic mechanical response concomitant with a 1.5–3.3 times higher electrical breakdown strength than nanolattices with uniform density. These density‐variant nanolattices exhibit an ultralow‐k of ≈1.2, accompanied by complete electric and dielectric stability and mechanical recoverability over 100 cyclic compressions to 62.5% strain. We explain the enhanced insulation and long‐term cyclical stability by the bi‐phase deformation where the lower‐density region protects the higher‐density region as it is compressed before the higher‐density region, allowing to simultaneously possess high strength and ductility like composites. This study highlights the superior electrical performance of the bi‐phase nanolattice with a single interface in providing stable conduction and maximum breakdown strength.
Hierarchical Asymmetric Complementary Bionic Structure for Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensor
Authors: Wu Fengming , Su Erming , Li Yeti , Hu Runcheng , Deng Chenghao
Published: November 2022

Bionic structures are widely concerned in flexible sensors. However, there is a lack of research on the optimization of structure to improve the performance. Herein, two types of plant leaves with quite different surface structures, rose petal (RP) and paper mulberry (PM) leaf, are used to fabricate an asymmetric complementary structure. Under pressure, the microcones of PM can insert into the grooves of the RP microdome structures and can be bended under high pressure. Compared to that of PM–PM and RP–RP structures, the space for increasing the internal contact area of PM–RP structure is greatly enhanced, which improves the sensitivity and detection range of the sensor simultaneously. The hierarchical combination of stacked Ti3C2Tx MXene film with nanoscale surface roughness and the micro PM–RP structure further improves the performance. The prepared sensor shows a sensitivity up to 84.79 kPa−1 (0–10 kPa), a wide pressure detection range of 0–100 kPa, and a short response time of 11 ms. It shows great application potential in wearable electronics. Meanwhile, a universal principle for the design of micro‐structure in pressure sensors is proposed, that is, reducing the initial contact resistance and enriching the approach for increasing the contact area.
Optical Properties and Ultrafast Near‐Infrared Localized Surface Plasmon Dynamics in Naturally p‐Type Digenite Films
Authors: Villa Andrea , Telkhozhayeva Madina , Marangi Fabio , Teblum Eti , Ross Aaron M. , Prato Mirko , Andena Luca , Frassine Roberto , Scotognella Francesco , Nessim Gilbert Daniel
Published: November 2022

Copper chalcogenides are materials characterized by intrinsic doping properties, allowing them to display high carrier concentrations due to their defect‐heavy structures, independent of the preparation method. Such high doping enables these materials to display plasmonic resonances, tunable by varying their stoichiometry. Here, plasmonic dynamics is studied in drop‐cast Cu9S5 (digenite) nanocrystals (NCs) film using ultrafast pump–probe spectroscopy. The NCs are synthesized by thermal annealing of copper foil using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), followed by sonication and drop‐casting of the isolated few‐layered flakes on different substrates. The samples display a broad localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the near‐infrared (NIR), peaking at 2100 nm. The free carrier response is further confirmed by fitting the linear absorption with a Drude–Lorentz effective medium approximation model. The high temporal resolution allows to measure the relaxation dynamics of the photo‐excited holes, which are dominated by a fast decay (τ1 = 360 ± 20 fs) and correspond to hole–phonon scattering processes, followed by a long‐lived (τ2 > 1 ns) signal associated with phonon–phonon scattering relaxation. These results confirm the possibility of fabricating Cu9S5 films retaining the plasmonic properties of individual NCs, anticipating integrating these films into heterojunctions with suitable hole acceptor materials to build hot‐hole‐transfer‐based optoelectronic devices.