bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frederick Douglass’s Political Theory of the Powerless: Natural Rights from Below
Authors: LESCH CHARLES H. T.
Published: February 2025

This article draws from Frederick Douglass’s antebellum and wartime writings to reconstruct his approach to natural rights. Douglass admired many elements of the Enlightenment legacy. Yet in the same motion that he echoes European and American thinkers, he subtly qualifies, corrects, and revises their ideas, sometimes in radical ways. In his depictions of slavery, natural rights cease to be metaphysical abstractions and instead become embodied in our social relations. While they persist in outline, their substance is transformed to account for racialized power and structural violence. In this way, Douglass redefines a number of liberalism’s key moral and political concepts, including freedom, reason, dignity, and moral responsibility. He develops a political theory designed to reinforce the Enlightenment’s bare foundations with social insights of the oppressed: a philosophy of natural rights, told from below.
The (un)changing face of ICJ advocacy
Authors: Vagle Iben
Published: February 2025

Despite the growing recognition of representation as a fundamental principle in global governance, the ICJ Bar continues to exhibit pronounced gender imbalances. This study adopts an empirical frame of reference to scrutinise the gender and professional composition of legal teams appearing before the ICJ over the last decade. It involves a systematic examination of oral proceedings in contentious cases before the Court between 2013 and 2023, breaking down the gender and professional role of counsel for each party in every case. The manifest invisibility of women in international courtrooms challenges the perceived neutrality of the international legal system and raises the question; is international law gendered? This article posits that the predominance of male and academic perspectives delimits the interpretation and application of international law as issues and viewpoints that could strengthen the adjudicatory process are at risk of being overlooked. Thus, the findings herein seek to contribute to a nuanced and holistic discourse that not only informs academic scholarship, but also empowers practitioners to navigate the complexities of the ever-evolving international legal order. The integration of representative voices and heterogeneous perspectives in representations to the Court is a cornerstone of a legitimate, equitable, and effective international system. This article calls for a concerted effort by the international community to diversify the faces of ICJ advocacy.
Norm Localization and Democratic Backlash: Taiwan Marriage-Equality Debates in 2017–2019
Authors: Lai Christina
Published: February 2025

Taiwan’s achievement in passing a marriage-equality law in 2019 and the democratic backlash against LGBTQ+ rights deserve scholarly attention in Asia and beyond. Specifically, Taiwan’s road to marriage equality led to these empirical puzzles: What explains the conservative shift in Taiwan’s public perceptions toward LGBTQ+ rights? How would the backlash against LGBTQ+ rights impact Taiwan’s democracy? What does Taiwan’s experience inform us about norm localization and LGBTQ+ politics in Asia and beyond?

The strategic framing of the Christian right—that is, the symbolic use of family and its localization of conservative values using Confucian norms—enabled them to couch their religious beliefs and facilitate collective action among different groups. This study offers a culture-based explanation of how the Christian right successfully established a single-issue coalition against LGBTQ+ rights. The article is organized as follows. First, it engages current literature on discourse analysis, norms contestation, and contentious politics. Second, the study proposes a two-part framework for understanding how the Christian right effectively constructs their conservative claims to gain public support. A comparative analysis of the discourse from the conservative and progressive sides sheds light on how their narratives shaped the marriage-equality debate. Third, it addresses how this countermovement impacts Taiwan’s democracy and human rights.
ON DEFORMATION THEORY IN HIGHER LOGARITHMIC GEOMETRY
Authors: Lundemo Tommy
Published: February 2025

We initiate the study of deformation theory in the context of derived and higher log geometry. After reconceptualizing the ‘exactification’-procedures in ordinary log geometry in terms of Quillen’s approach to the cotangent complex, we construct an “tangent bundle’ over the category of log ring spectra. The fibers recover the categories of modules over the underlying ring spectra, and the resulting cotangent complex functor specializes to log topological André–Quillen homology on each fiber. As applications, we characterize log square-zero extensions and derive a log variant of étale rigidity, applicable to some tamely ramified extensions of ring spectra.
Match made in Heaven (or Hell?): Understanding the High Incidence of Tinder Rapes in Spain
Authors: Sayeras Josep , Rueff-Lopes Rita
Published: February 2025

A recent report revealed that 21.7% of women in Spain who went on a Tinder date were raped. These findings suggest that the incidence of sexual violence on Tinder dates in Spain may be higher than in other social contexts. This study explores the experiences of Tinder users in Spain to understand the factors contributing to this phenomenon and to propose measures for enhancing user safety. We conducted four focus groups separated by sociodemographic characteristics that replicated the typical victims’ and perpetrators’ profile (age and gender). Male participants initially expressed disbelief and attributed the phenomenon to Tinder’s environment, pathological behavior, pornography, and women’s actions. In contrast, female participants accepted the statistic as reflective of real-world issues, dismissing pathological explanations and highlighting systemic victim-blaming, fear-induced paralysis, and the impact of pornography as key factors. The findings underscore a significant disparity in perceptions between genders, with males often minimizing or misattributing the problem, while females recognizing deeper systemic issues. These insights suggest a need for targeted interventions and policies that address both the behavioral and perceptual factors contributing to sexual violence on dating platforms.
Ornamental Plant Safety and Weed Control with Indaziflam
Authors: Aulakh Jatinder S , Witcher Anthony , Kumar Vipan
Published: February 2025

Indaziflam was evaluated in Connecticut and Tennessee, USA, for weed control and safety of container-grown ornamental plants. Indaziflam was applied at 49, 98, or 196 g ha-1 to container-grown ornamental plants on an outdoor gravel pad and preemergence or early postemergence to weeds in greenhouse. Ornamental plants were treated twice annually in 2020 and 2021 in Connecticut, and in 2019 and 2020 in Tennessee, with approximately six weeks between applications. Chinese pyramid juniper, common juniper, eastern hemlock, eastern white pine, and Norway spruce in Connecticut, USA, and 'Andorra Compacta’ creeping juniper and 'Black Dragon’ Japanese cedar, ‘Blue Rug’ creeping juniper, and ‘Blue Pfitzer’ Chinese pyramid juniper in Tennessee, USA, were not injured with indaziflam regardless of rate applied. Preemergence application of indaziflam reduced densities of creeping woodsorrel, hairy bittercress, giant foxtail, and large crabgrass 72 to 100%, depending upon the indaziflam rate applied, by 28 d after treatment (DAT). When applied early postemergence, indaziflam provided 97 to 99% control of creeping woodsorrel (1- to 2-leaf), fringed willowherb (4- to 6-leaf), hairy bittercress (cotyledon to 1-leaf), and mouse-ear chickweed (2- to 4-leaf) by 28 DAT. Compared with the nontreated control, the total fresh shoot biomass reduction was 86 to 100% and 78 to 100% following preemergence or postemergence applications. Indaziflam offers a new site-of-action with excellent safety and weed control in the tested ornamental plants.
Rice cultivar tolerance to preemergence- and postemergence-applied fluridone
Authors: Souza Maria C.C.R. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Carvalho-Moore Pâmela , Godar Amar , Fernandes Samuel B. , Butts Thomas R.
Published: February 2025

Fluridone was registered for use in rice in 2023, offering a new herbicide site of action for growers. However, little information is available on rice tolerance to this herbicide. Field experiments conducted in 2022 and replicated in 2023 near Colt, AR, evaluated the tolerance of twelve rice cultivars to fluridone, applied preemergence or at the 3-leaf growth stage, in separate experiments. Each experiment consisted of one cultivar. Fluridone rates were 0, 168 (1× label rate), and 336 (2× label rate) g ai ha⁻¹ in all experiments. Visible injury varied between years in all experiments, likely due to different environmental conditions. In 2022, injury following preemergence applications of fluridone was below 25% across cultivars. In contrast, in 2023, injury ≥ 30% occurred to five cultivars, with a maximum of 58% observed for the cultivar ‘DG263L’. Across both years, only three cultivars achieved injury ≥ 20% following fluridone applications at the 3-leaf rice. Fluridone negatively affected shoot density, groundcover, chlorophyll content, and days to 50% heading in most cultivars when applied preemergence. When fluridone was applied to 3-leaf rice, at least one of the variables evaluated was negatively affected in two and nine cultivars in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Grain yield reductions of at least 18% were observed in eight cultivars in 2022, and a grain yield decrease from 9% to 49% in eight cultivars occurred in 2023 in the preemergence experiments. Fluridone applied at the 3-leaf rice did not cause a yield penalty to any cultivar in 2022, whereas in 2023, eight cultivars had a yield loss. Yield loss in ‘DG263L’ occurred at the 1× rate in both experiments, indicating this cultivar appears sensitive to fluridone, regardless of the application timing. Based on these findings, fluridone tolerance is cultivar-dependent. Furthermore, preemergence applications of fluridone in rice should be avoided.
Hollows on Mercury: Global Classification of Degradation States and Insight Into Hollow Evolution
Authors: Deutsch Ariel N. , Bickel Valentin T. , Blewett David T.
Published: February 2025

Hollows are small, shallow, irregularly shaped landforms, widespread across Mercury, interpreted to have formed via loss of volatiles. Here, we present the first global analysis of hollow degradation states using a new machine learning‐derived global catalog. We define three classes, grading from younger/potentially active “Stage 1” (sharp morphology, high visible reflectance) to older/potentially expired “Stage 3” (softened morphology, reflectance similar to that of surroundings). Most analyzed hollows are Stage 1 (N = 1,545 individual hollows), which are more common than Stage 2 (N = 1,111) or Stage 3 (N = 10) hollows near the equator, consistent with the idea that insolation is a primary driver for hollow initiation/growth. Areas where Stage 2 hollows are more common than Stage 1 hollows may indicate regions of relative volatile depletion. Stage 3 hollows are rare, suggesting they are systematically missed during image review, or that hollows on Mercury are mostly young, have been recently reactivated, or are quickly erased once they become inactive. Temperature may limit hollow growth, given that only small hollows are identified in the coldest terrains. There is no meaningful difference in the distribution of hollow sizes between stages, suggesting that their morphological and reflectance properties are not substantially muted until they are fully grown. Stage 1 hollows are more commonly found on steeper slopes than nearby Stage 2 hollows, suggesting that slopes may be an important control on how long hollows remain active. Our hollow classifications are openly available and can help to inform global‐scale studies of hollow evolution, and upcoming targeting efforts by the ESA/JAXA BepiColombo mission.
MAPK13 phosphorylates PHGDH and promotes its degradation via chaperone-mediated autophagy during liver injury
Authors: Xing Ru , Liu Ruilong , Man Yongxiao , Liu Chen , Zhang Yajuan , Gao Hong , Yang Weiwei
Published: February 2025

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the leading cause of acute liver failure and poses a significant clinical challenge in both diagnosis and treatment. Serine synthesis pathway (SSP) links glycolysis to one-carbon cycle and plays an important role in cell homeostasis by regulating substance synthesis, redox homeostasis and gene expression. However, the regulatory mechanism of SSP in DILI remains unclear. Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in SSP. Here we show that during DILI, mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 (MAPK13) is activated and then phosphorylates PHGDH at serine 371 upon oxidative stress, which triggers PHGDH protein degradation via chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) pathway. PHGDH degradation suppresses SSP and glutathione production, thereby exacerbating DILI and cholestatic liver injury. Importantly, both MAPK13 inhibition and dietary serine supplementation ameliorates these liver injuries. Our finding demonstrates a unique regulatory mechanism of SSP, in which MAPK13 phosphorylates PHGDH and promotes its CMA degradation, establishes its critical role in DILI and cholestatic liver injury, and highlights the therapeutic potential of MAPK13 inhibitor or dietary serine to treat these liver injuries.
Blood pressure elevations post-lenvatinib treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma: a potential marker for better prognosis
Authors: Shibata Keisuke , Akasaki Yuichi , Tokushige Akihiro , Nitta Mina , Kawasoe Shin , Kubozono Takuro , Oda Kohei , Kumagai Kotaro , Mawatari Seiichi , Ohishi Mitsuru
Published: February 2025

Lenvatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that effectively inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor signaling and is used for treating hepatocellular carcinoma. However, angiogenesis inhibitors often cause hypertension. Although lenvatinib-induced hypertension has been proposed as a potential surrogate marker for better prognosis, studies on blood pressure elevations and outcomes following lenvatinib initiation are limited. This study included 67 patients who underwent lenvatinib therapy at the Department of Gastroenterology, Kagoshima University Hospital, between May 2018 and December 2023. The median age of the cohort was 71 years, and 82.1% of the patients were male. The median blood pressure at admission was 128/73 mmHg, which significantly increased to 136/76 mmHg the day after lenvatinib administration. Grade 3 hypertension (≥160/100 mmHg) occurred in 37.3% of patients during hospitalization. The median increase in systolic blood pressure from admission to its peak during hospitalization was 26 mmHg. Patients who experienced an increase in blood pressure of ≥26 mmHg were classified into the blood pressure elevation group, which showed a significantly lower mortality rate than that of the blood pressure non-elevation group (35.3% vs. 81.8%, log-rank p = 0.007), even after adjusting for age, sex, disease stage, performance status, and liver reserve function. This study demonstrated that patients who experienced earlier blood pressure elevation after lenvatinib administration had lower overall mortality rates. These findings suggest that blood pressure elevations after lenvatinib initiation may serve as valuable prognostic indicators in patients with cancer undergoing lenvatinib therapy.
Strong and early monkeypox virus-specific immunity associated with mild disease after intradermal clade-IIb-infection in CAST/EiJ-mice
Authors: Meyer zu Natrup Christian , Clever Sabrina , Schünemann Lisa-Marie , Tuchel Tamara , Ohrnberger Sonja , Volz Asisa
Published: February 2025

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a zoonotic poxvirus long endemic in West and Central Africa. Outbreaks, first the global spread of clade II outside Africa in 2022, and since 2023 the accelerating spread of clade I in central Africa, point to MPXV adaptations that pose the risk of it becoming more transmissible in humans. Animal models mimicking the clinical disease outcome in humans are important to better understand pathogenesis, host tropism, and the contribution of genetic mutations. Here, we demonstrate that MPXV infection via tail scarification in CAST/EiJ mice is an appropriate animal model to mimic human mpox. In our study, disease outcome is milder in clade IIb than clade IIa-infected mice, which is associated with enhanced immunogenicity early during infection. This suggests that clade IIb more efficiently activates host immune responses, highlighting how this animal model could facilitate studying new MPXV variants to help develop efficient antivirals and preventive measures.
Jointly exploring client drift and catastrophic forgetting in dynamic learning
Authors: Babendererde Niklas , Fuchs Moritz , Gonzalez Camila , Tolkach Yuri , Mukhopadhyay Anirban
Published: February 2025

Federated and Continual Learning have emerged as promising paradigms for the privacy-aware use of Deep Learning in dynamic environments by addressing spatial and temporal constraints on data availability. However, Client Drift and Catastrophic Forgetting are fundamental obstacles to ensuring robust performance. Existing work only addresses these problems separately, neglecting the fact that the root cause behind them, namely an unexpected shift in the data distribution, is connected. We propose a unified analysis framework for building a controlled test environment where we can jointly model spatial and temporal shifts, more closely emulating real dynamic settings. By generating a 3D landscape of the combined performance impact, we show that a moderate combination of both shifts can even improve the performance of the resulting model (“Generalization Bump”). We apply a simple and commonly used method from continual learning in the federated setting and observe this reoccurring phenomenon.
Memristive behaviour of PANI/Au hybrid nanocomposites synthesized via various routes
Authors: Zotti Aldobenedetto , Aprano Salvatore , Rafiq Asma , Zuppolini Simona , Zarrelli Mauro , Maglione Maria Grazia , Tassini Paolo , Cassinese Antonio , Borriello Anna
Published: February 2025

Typical non-linear current–voltage curves with a closed hysteresis loop (memristive-like behavior) were observed in aPS/PANI/Au hybrid nanocomposite devices.
Tuning polariton hybridization in hyperbolic hetero-bicrystals by twist angle engineering
Authors: Wang Yaohong , Ma Guolong , Li Zhiqiang , Wen Lu
Published: February 2025

Unlock new possibilities in polariton engineering with hetero-bicrystals, offering spectral gap manipulation, on–off switching for advanced nanophotonics.
Elucidation of the nano-sized molecular structure of methylaluminoxane using synchrotron X-ray total scattering
Authors: Wada Toru , Taniike Toshiaki
Published: February 2025

The molecular structure of methylaluminoxane was elucidated by synchrotron X-ray total scattering. A fitting study revealed that sheet models provided comparably better fits consistent with the observed molecular weight and its distribution.
High-throughput screening of high-activity oxygen carriers for chemical looping argon purification via a machine learning – density functional theory method
Authors: Teng Shenglong , Song Yiwen , Qiu Yu , Li Xinyu , Hong Yixia , Zuo Jian , Zeng Dewang , Xu Kai
Published: February 2025

A new method based on machine learning and DFT calculations for screening oxygen carriers during chemical looping argon purification is proposed in this study.
Light-Driven Electron Transfer in a Lipid Bilayer with Mixed Valence Molecular Wires
Authors: Sinambela Novitasari , Nau Moritz , Haug Gernot , Linseis Michael , Koblischek Philip , Winter Rainer R.F. , Pannwitz Andrea
Published: February 2025

Triarylamines (TAA) are one of the most important classes of redox-active organic compounds, which are readily available from modular synthesis, thereby offering the possibility to easily adjust their intrinsic redox...
Tunable Stimuli-Responsive Module Based on α-Hydroxymethyl-α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Scaffold
Authors: Shen RuiPeng , Zhang Baoxin , Zhao Lanning , Chang Bingbing , Zhang Fang , Chen YaTing , Fang Jianguo
Published: February 2025

The α-hydroxymethyl-α, β-unsaturated carbonyl (HMUC) scaffold represents a valuable framework for constructing nucleophile-responsive materials. However, nucleophiles are largely limited to thiols and amines. Given the ubiquity of thiols and amines...
Biomimetic NIR-II Aggregation-Induced Emission Nanoparticles for Targeted Photothermal Therapy of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Jiang Ting , Guo Chunlei , Zhang Zhiwei , Li Chao , Xiang Chunbai , Xiang Jingjing , Yang Xing , Liu Yu , Cai Lintao , Gong Ping , Hu Yan , Li Changzhong
Published: February 2025

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a cutting-edge technique that harnesses light energy and converts it into heat for precise tumor ablation. By employing photothermal agents to selectively generate heat and target...
A dynamic solvent-modulated single component emissive system for information encryption
Authors: Li Lidong , Zhang Hean , Han Lu , Qiu Ming , Cui Qianling , Qin Xiaona
Published: February 2025

The development and fabrication of advanced fluorescence materials is essential for the increasing demand of information encryption with high security. Herein, a smart dynamic single-component system with novel orthogonal and...
Covalent Organic-Inorganic Layered 2D CdCl2(n-hexylamine)2 and Not Cd2S2(n-hexylamine)
Authors: Parthiban Pavithra , Makhija Urmila , Pratham Rachit , Swain Diptikanta , Nag Angshuman
Published: February 2025

The organic ammonium cations (A+) and the inorganic [PbX4]2- (X: Cl, Br, I) anions bind to each other through electrostatic interactions forming the layered two-dimensional (2D) A2PbX4 hybrid perovskites. So,...
Study on impurity removal from black powder of lithium iron phosphate cathode materials
Authors: Zhou Yajie , Zhang Yuezhi , Gong Shuaiqi , Zhao Xin , Min Yulin , Shi Penghui
Published: February 2025

Under the conditions of acid–base leaching, a variety of metal impurities are removed simultaneously, the stripping step is omitted, and the cathode materials of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries are recycled.
Expression of Concern: Facile synthesis and investigation of 1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthene derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution
Authors: Maleki Behrooz , Davoodi Ali , Azghandi Mojtaba Vakili , Baghayeri Mehdi , Akbarzadeh Elahe , Veisi Hojat , Ashrafi Samaneh Sedigh , Raei Massomeh
Published: February 2025

Expression of Concern for ‘Facile synthesis and investigation of 1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthene derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution’ by Behrooz Maleki et al., New J. Chem., 2016, 40, 1278–1286, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NJ02707A.
General strategy for the synthesis of unsaturated carbasugars via a diastereoselective seleno-Michael/aldol reaction
Authors: Banachowicz Piotr , Buda Szymon
Published: February 2025

Simple and efficient carbasugar synthesis from d-aldopentoses via temporary protection of the hydroxyl moieties with TMS groups followed by consecutive intramolecular tandem Michael/aldol cyclisation.
Testing Feasibility of a Self-Administered Hearing Test for Patients With Progressive Apraxia of Speech and Aphasia
Authors: Utianski Rene L. , Meade Gabriela , Meyer Megan J. , Duffy Joseph R. , Clark Heather M. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A. , Poling Gayla L.
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives:

Hearing loss is relatively common in older individuals, and individuals with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are no exception; this can exacerbate communication difficulties stemming from speech-language impairments. The co-occurrence of these symptoms can contribute to increased frustration and isolation for patients and their communication partners. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of self-administered hearing testing. Ultimately, this could be administered remotely, which would increase access to assessment and inform management for this population.

Method:

Seventeen patients with underlying FTLD, clinically presenting with progressive apraxia of speech with and without agrammatic aphasia, independently completed the Home Hearing Test supervised while in office.

Results:

Three patients self-reported hearing loss, but results for 100% recommended formal evaluation. Eleven patients demonstrated good test accuracy. Six patients had “poor” or not computable accuracy; among them, five had evidence of cognitive impairment and/or behavioral changes, and one had known severe hearing loss, although differences between those with good and poor test accuracy were not significant. Patients with poor test accuracy had more difficulty with limb praxis.

Conclusions:

Most participants independently completed the test, though some had reduced test accuracy that may have been associated with cognitive impairment and/or limb apraxia. This study supports the need for hearing screenings in all patients with progressive apraxia of speech and aphasia and highlights both the feasibility and caution required in implementing self-administered testing protocols. Further work should evaluate the feasibility of in-home hearing screenings in a broader range of FTLD phenotypes and directly compare sensitivity and specificity of hearing loss detection with in-clinic administration.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28306613
Die Unsichtbaren sehen: Menschenhandel im geburtshilflichen Kontext
erkennen und richtig handeln
Authors: Richter Sahar , Lavignac Angèle
Published: February 2025

Es erscheint wie ein Problem, das in eine andere Welt gehört – doch dem ist nicht
so: Menschenhandel ist auch in Deutschland, Österreich und in der Schweiz
grausame Realität. Und tritt nicht selten im medizinischen Kontext ans
Tageslicht. Gesundheitsfachpersonen, insbesondere Hebammen, die einen engen und
vertrauten Austausch mit betreuten Personen pflegen, können eine wichtige Rolle
bei der Erkennung von Menschenhandel spielen. An welchen Anzeichen Hebammen
Menschenhandel erkennen und wie sie in diesen Fällen richtig handeln können,
zeigt dieser Artikel.
How do Clinicians Use Electronic Health Records for Respiratory Support Decisions? A Qualitative Study in Critical Care
Authors: Zhang Tianyi , Mosier Jarrod , Subbian Vignesh
Published: February 2025

Objectives Selecting appropriate respiratory support in critical care is complex, and some decisions require information that may be unknown when the treatment assignment is necessary. Digital technologies such as electronic health records (EHR) are essential components in critical care medicine to support respiratory support care delivery and management of patients with respiratory failure. However, there are limited studies on EHR use that enable clinical decisions related to respiratory support. The objective of this study is to understand how clinicians use EHRs for their decision-making related to respiratory support in intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods Using a socio-technical systems approach, we conducted nine observations with nine different care teams for 35 hours at two ICUs within a large academic hospital system. We created a journey map to illustrate clinicians' respiratory support decision-making processes. We identified barriers related to decision-making processes within the ICU socio-technical work context and characterized them based on macro-cognitive functions to derive themes that can capture the decision-making patterns associated with EHR use.

Results Our analysis identified three overarching themes that represent clinicians' use of EHR for their respiratory support decisions: (1) fragmented information and tasks for individual sensemaking; (2) EHR workarounds for collaborative decision-making; and (3) interruptive order entry and order execution. These three themes represent three major sequential stages (i.e., before, during, and after morning rounds) related to clinicians' respiratory support decision-making processes, and their interaction with EHR significantly varies between stages.

Conclusion Our findings reflected different EHR use patterns before, during, and after morning rounds for decision-making related to respiratory support. These findings indicated potential opportunities for diagnostic clinical decision support (CDS) to facilitate respiratory support decisions.
Liouville-space response theory in the self-consistent field approximation
Authors: Ringholm Magnus , Norman Patrick
Published: February 2025

We present a second-quantization based Liouville-space formulation of response theory for non-eigenstates of unperturbed Hamiltonian in the single-determinant self-consistent field framework, where we include a time-independent relaxation superoperator in the Liouville equation of motion. This density-based formulation uses quantities and concepts similar to those introduced in established wave function-based forms of approximate-state response theory, and we discuss how the wave function-based class of theory relates to the present more general treatment. We also discuss various aspects of the present methodology, including its opportunities and limitations/challenges, and outline future work.
On Heisenberg-Virasoro pseudoalgebras
Authors: Gai Botong , Wang Shuanhong
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we introduce and study a class of neither simple nor semi-simple Lie H-pseudoalgebras which can be seen as an extension of the primitive pseudoalgebras of vector fields H(δ, χ, ω) or K(δ, θ). In particular, we investigate the rank one modules, derivations and cohomology groups on Heisenberg-Virasoro pseudoalgebras, a class of special cases of Lie H-pseudoalgebras.
Relating stress fluctuations to rheology in model biopolymer networks
Authors: Anjali  , Shahin P K Rafma , Mishra Ompriya , Singh Chamkor
Published: February 2025

Cross-linked networks of semiflexible biopolymers are one of the essential building blocks of life as they are the scaffolds providing mechanical strength to biological cells to handle external stress and regulate shape. These protein structures experience strain at different rates often under confinement such as a membrane. Here, we compute the steady-state dynamics of stress and stress fluctuations in a wall-confined, continuously sheared, reversibly cross-linked, sticker–spacer model of a semiflexible biopolymer network. We find that the averages and fluctuations of shear stress and pressure increase by orders of magnitude when the strain rate is increased above a certain regime. The shear viscosity decreases with increasing strain rate except near the critical strain rate regime where it exhibits an inflection. Upon increasing the strain rate, we note a shift from a long time autocorrelation to an oscillatory and then to a sharply dropping autocorrelation function, endorsed by corresponding changes in the power spectrum of the stress. These outcomes indicate a transition from stick to stick-slip (stress buildup and relaxation) and then to slip upon increasing the strain rate, and we posit that this has to be a hallmark intermittent response of a dynamically cross-linked network under continuous shear deformations. We suggest that a fluctuation–dissipation type framework, where the stress is a stochastic process and “resistance to stress” is a function of strain rate, can help us understand the stress dynamics in biopolymer networks.
An improved in-plane dynamics analysis of auxetic star structures enhanced with self-similar inclusions
Authors: Guang Xinlong , Huang Huilan , Deng Xiaolin , Wang Guangxiang
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an extensive mechanical and deformation characterization of the stiffness and energy harvesting of the proposed modified star-shaped auxetic honeycomb structure (MAHS), reinforced with self-similar inclusions (SSIs). The consequences of two SSI arrangements (MAHS-I and MAHS-II) on the crashworthiness and auxetic performance of the MAHS are systematically investigated in a comparative manner. Quasi-static uniaxial compression tests were conducted to verify the theoretical models of the MAHS, and the experimental results were in good agreement. A series of parametric studies revealed that the MAHS-I exhibits better auxeticity at high speeds, while the opposite is true for stiffness. The apex angle of the star-shaped honeycomb and the apical angle of the SSI show facilitating and weakening actions, respectively, on the auxeticity of the MAHS. Compared to the conventional star-shaped auxetic structure, both the stiffness and the consistent auxeticity were greatly promoted. This study provides an effective and feasible solution for the design of new auxetic structures and contributes to the application of auxetic metamaterials in shielding engineering.
Direct frequency comb cavity ringdown spectroscopy: Enhancing sensitivity and precision
Authors: Dubroeucq Romain , Charczun Dominik , Masłowski Piotr , Rutkowski Lucile
Published: February 2025

We present a novel approach to cavity ringdown spectroscopy utilizing an optical frequency comb as the direct probe of the Fabry–Pérot cavity, coupled with a time-resolved Fourier transform spectrometer for parallel retrieval of ringdown events. Our method achieves a high spectral resolution over a broad range, enabling precision measurements of cavity losses and absorption line shapes with enhanced sensitivity. A critical advancement involves a stabilization technique ensuring complete extinction of comb light without compromising cavity stabilization. We demonstrate the capabilities of our system through precision spectroscopy of carbon monoxide rovibrational transitions perturbed by argon.
High-energy irradiation of matrix isolated acetic acid yields a ·CH3⋯CO2 complex: A spectroscopic and ab initio study
Authors: Zasimov Pavel V. , Tyurin Daniil A. , Mirskoi Georgii A. , Sanochkina Elizaveta V. , Feldman Vladimir I.
Published: February 2025

The mechanism of the chemical transformations of isolated small organic molecules induced by high-energy radiation is of basic interest for astrophysics and astrochemistry. In this work, we first applied a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to identify the products of the radiation-induced transformations of isolated CH3COOH and CD3COOH molecules. As revealed by EPR, ·CH3 (or ·CD3) is the principal primary radical generated from acetic acid in solid argon and xenon, while the FTIR results suggest that this radical is trapped mainly in the form of the ·CH3⋯CO2 radical–molecule complex. The assignment of this previously unknown complex was based on the complexation-induced shifts of the absorption bands corresponding to CH3OPLA and CO2bend vibration modes, confirmed by analysis of the kinetic curves, photochemical behavior, and comparison with the results of ab initio computations at the spin-unrestricted coupled-cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triples level of theory. Most likely, the complex in matrices adopts the geometry close to the theoretically predicted structure with Cs symmetry stabilized by the C⋯C and O⋯H interactions. It was suggested that the complex could be produced via the intermediate formation of a CH3COOH+· radical cation deprotonating to the CH3COO· radical, which promptly decomposed to ·CH3 + CO2 fragments. We believe that the results obtained in this study may contribute to a better understanding of the processing of acetic acid molecules in astrophysically relevant ices under high-energy irradiation and give a valuable insight into the understanding of weak intermolecular interactions involving radicals relevant to atmospheric chemistry, combustion, and carbon dioxide conversion.
Direct numerical simulation of turbulent mixing in supersonic coflow jets
Authors: Tian Yulin , Bai Yuping , Zhao Quanbin , Chong Daotong , Yan Junjie
Published: February 2025

The complexity of fuel mixing in a supersonic stream within a scramjet combustor arises primarily from the inherently short residence time. Efficient fuel injection is crucial to enhance mixing and improve combustion efficiency. This study employs direct numerical simulations to explore the mixing characteristics of supersonic coflow jets at convective Mach numbers between 0.48 and 0.78. The results show that the jet mixing layer thickness increases with higher convective Mach numbers, progressing through three distinct growth phases. The highest growth rate is observed in the rapid growth region. As the convective Mach number intensifies, turbulence in the flow field becomes more pronounced, thereby enhancing mixing. At higher convective Mach numbers, stronger turbulence and a greater presence of small-scale vortex structures emerge, driving the further growth of the jet mixing layer. Dynamic mode decomposition analysis highlights that at elevated convective Mach numbers, modal energy becomes more concentrated. Additionally, high-frequency modes promote jet mixing in the fully developed region, leading to a 12.7% increase in average jet mixing layer thickness.
Adsorption of methanol on cationic cobalt clusters in the gas phase
Authors: Yang Sijie , Li Ya-Ke , Ji Chenchen , Ferrari Piero , Yang Shengchun , Janssens Ewald , Hou Gao-Lei
Published: February 2025

Knowledge about the adsorption and activation of methanol on metal catalysts is essential to obtain insights into the conversion of methanol to sustainable chemicals. In this work, the adsorption of methanol on Con+ (n = 1–60) clusters is investigated using low-pressure collision cell experiments in combination with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Experiments are conducted using both methanol and deuterated methanol in order to examine potential isotope effects and to gain insights into the reaction mechanism. Kinetic data and Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus calculations indicate the absence of methanol desorption for n < 10 cluster sizes, suggesting dissociative chemisorption of methanol for those sizes. For larger clusters, the reaction involves a combination of association and desorption, with a pronounced size dependence of the corresponding reaction rates. This size dependence is anti-correlated with the promotion energy of an electron from an occupied frontier orbital to the lowest unoccupied d-state.
Rubber wear: Experiment and theory
Authors: Persson B. N. J. , Xu R. , Miyashita N.
Published: February 2025

We study the wear rate (mass loss per unit sliding distance) of a tire tread rubber compound sliding on concrete paver surfaces under dry and wet conditions, at different nominal contact pressures of σ0 = 0.12, 0.29, and 0.43 MPa, and sliding velocities ranging from v = 1 μm s−1 to 1 cm s−1. We find that the wear rate is proportional to the normal force and remains independent of the sliding speed. Sliding in water and soapy water results in significantly lower wear rates compared to dry conditions. The experimental data are analyzed using a theory that predicts wear rates and wear particle size distributions consistent with the experimental observations.
Guide vane geometric parameter on reactor coolant pump performance
Authors: Wu Mengke , Ye Daoxing , Zhai Fengli , Liu Binhao , Deng Rui , Zhang Junyu , Han Jiaming , Wen Tian
Published: February 2025

In order to study the influence of guide vane leading angle, trailing angle, and guide vane wrap angle on the hydraulic performance of the reactor coolant pump (RCP), a mixed-flow reactor coolant pump is taken as an object to study the influence of guide vane geometric parameters on pump hydraulic performance. The results show that the change in the guide vane leading angle has little effect on head but has significant effect on efficiency. Whether the guide vane leading angle is reduced or increased, the efficiency will be reduced. Compared with the prototype model, the change in the guide vane angle at over-load flow condition will lead to a significant reduction in the efficiency of the RCP. The change in the guide vane trailing angle has a significant effect on the efficiency of the RCP. Compared with the large flow condition, it has a slight influence on the head at low flow conditions. When the guide vane leading angle is reduced to 21.9°, the change range of head and efficiency compared with the prototype model is greater than that of increasing the guide vane trailing angle. The hydraulic loss of the guide vane and the volute in nearly every flow condition exceeds that of the other two models. The change in the guide vane wrap angle has a great influence on the head and efficiency of the RCP. When the wrap angle is reduced to 35°, the difference in head and efficiency is smaller than that of the original model. When the wrap angle increases to 55°, the change amplitude of head and efficiency is the largest. At the design condition, the head and efficiency decrease by 7.48 m and 8.36%, respectively, compared with the original model.
New insights into tackling large amplitude oscillatory shear from an analytic perspective
Authors: Wang Pengguang , Xu Jiatong , Zhou Ziyu , Liao Qinyu , Ren Huimin , Du Xu , Zhang Hongbin
Published: February 2025

Large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) has been widely applied for performing rheological analysis of complex fluids, especially yield stress fluids (YSFs) encountered in nature, daily life, or industry. The Fourier transform (FT) rheology is considered one of the mainstays in LAOS since FT is an essential mathematic tool applied in numerous signal analysis fields. However, the challenge of understanding FT, diverse mathematical frameworks, and complicated data processing impede the intuitive accessibility and efficient implementation of the existing, even admirably successful LAOS methods. Thus, developing novel LAOS methods and simplifying methodology remain an unmet need. In this context, motivated by analytic geometry using coordinates instead of geometries, an analytical perspective in LAOS was highlighted by abstracting Fourier coefficients from stress/strain waveforms and substituting them into analytical solutions of LAOS methods, thereby proposing a new analytic LAOS (aLAOS) approach to tackle LAOS by reversely using the methodology of FT rheology. More specifically, the rheological signals and measures can be precisely reconstructed using Fourier coefficients instead of processing stress/strain waveforms. The influences of even harmonics on LAOS methods were described. Furthermore, considering the acquired results from the LAOS tests on the various typical YSFs, it was demonstrated that the aLAOS method yielded the same results as other methods and could visually distinguish the contribution of arbitrary higher harmonics. Consequently, this approach was potentially an alternative for a non-trivial candidate for the convenient treatment of LAOS, thus utilizing it as a tool to assist in the calculations of existing methodologies.
Parametric pumping of coherent spin waves by surface acoustic waves
Authors: Jander Albrecht , Dhagat Pallavi , Rivard Carson
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the parametric pumping of coherent forward volume spin waves using traveling surface acoustic waves in thin-film yttrium iron garnet. Theoretical analysis, micromagnetic modeling, and experimental validation of the nonlinear three-wave mixing interaction are presented. The energy and momentum imparted by the acoustic pump enable frequency translation and angular deflection of the idler spin waves generated, providing a mechanism for the spectral and spatial separation of signals in magnonic devices. Experimental results demonstrate bilinear parametric interactions, frequency conversion, and angular separation of spin waves under degenerate and non-degenerate conditions and provide evidence of the possibility of parametric amplification of signal spin waves below the instability threshold for generation from the thermal background. The results align qualitatively with theoretical predictions and micromagnetic simulations and lay a path toward developing magnonic signal processing and computing devices utilizing acoustic parametric pumping of spin waves.
Computational modeling of the fluid dynamics in a tubular reactor equipped with different static element configurations
Authors: Murillo-Rincón Jairo , Maluta Francesco , Alberini Federico , Paglianti Alessandro , Montante Giuseppina
Published: February 2025

A Reynolds average Navier Stokes (RANS) modeling approach is employed in the description of the single-phase turbulent fluid dynamics in a pipe equipped with Kenics static elements (KSEs). The uncertainties related to the domain discretization are quantified to allow a robust validation of the computational model with experiments. The local flow fields and the pressure drop as predicted by different turbulence models adopted in the literature are compared with purposely collected particle image velocimetry and pressure transducer data. The computational model is employed for studying the local fluid dynamics produced by different configurations of the KSEs, in terms of mean and turbulent flow variables, and mean age of the flow. The results are discussed from the perspective of a carbon mineralization process run in a proposed novel reactor configuration, where phenomena such as the multiphase fluid dynamics and interphase mass transfer are fundamental. The computational model identified for the simulation of such system is based on the transient solution of the RANS equations with the k−ω SST (shear stress transport) turbulence model. The alternating Kenics configuration can be employed to enhance the turbulent dissipation rate, and therefore, the bubble breakup and interphase mass transfer coefficient. On the contrary, the configuration with KSEs in the same orientation can be exploited for inline gas separation due to the strong angular accelerations, producing phase segregation based on the density difference between the phases. Indeed, this work lays the foundations to extend the computational approach to multiphase gas–liquid simulations.
Significance of radial magnetic field and Hall current on magnetic nanoparticle-assisted drug delivery and therapeutics in cylindrical vessels with bioconvection effects
Authors: Kumar Sukariya Vijay , Anurag  , Kumar Anand
Published: February 2025

Blood flow patterns are crucial for diagnosing circulatory disorders such as arteriosclerotic disease, promoting bioengineers and medical scientists to focus on analyzing blood flow dynamics within the circulatory system. In this study, we examined the influence of a radial magnetic field on blood flow mediated by magnetic nanoparticles in the presence of Hall current and ion-slip effects. Also, we explored the impact of critical phenomena, which include viscous dissipation, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and bioconvection caused by micro-organisms. A system of partial differential equations mathematically represents the considered model, and the resulting dimensionless equations were solved using numerical techniques. The physical quantities, including velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions of blood, density profiles of organisms, surface drag force, volume flow rate, heat transfer coefficient, mass transfer, and micro-organism mass transfer coefficients, are calculated and presented by graphical and tabular perspectives. It is remarked that the magnetite nanoparticles are more effective than zinc oxide for controlling blood flow under a radial magnetic field. In addition, the blood velocity at the center of the vessel increased by 14.65%, and 11.74% as the Hall parameter rose from 0.2 to 1.0 for magnetite-infused and zinc oxide-infused blood, respectively. Moreover, the blood concentration and mass transfer rates along the vessel were enhanced by advancing Brownian motion parameters. The results of this research hold substantial potential for applications in targeted drug delivery, magnetic therapy, and therapeutic hyperthermia treatments.