bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constitutional Features of the Federal Territory Status: Issues of Theory and Practice
Authors:   Penza State University, Zernov I.V.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the federal territory organization constitutional and legal foundations. The article analyzes the constitutional acts of Russia on the issues of formation and functioning of the federal territory as a separate type of public law entities. It is established that in legal science there are different approaches to the definition of the concept «federal territory». In this connection the position of applying this term only in the political sense is justified. The author formulates the main characteristics of the federal territory as a public law entity, and examines the provisions of the Federal Law «On the Federal Territory "Sirius"», which defines the status, territorial structure, as well as the order of public power organization in the federal territory. It is indicated that the federal territory in Russia is a public law entity «with a special status», since public authorities are created and operate within its borders, with separate powers of federal, regional and municipal importance. Based on the results of the analysis of Russian legislation and legal literature, the content of the federal territory constitutional legal personality is shown, which has certain differences from other public legal entities (state subjects and municipalities).It is stated that the creation of federal territories is associated with the consistent implementation of the administrative reform stages aimed at improving the efficiency of the executive power in our country. In the study of the federal territory as a new constitutional and law institution, the author uses methods of analysis, synthesis, as well as formal legal, dialectical and systematic methods of scientific research, the combination of which made it possible to determine the constitutional and legal content of the federal territory as a new type of a public law entity.
Antitrust Regulation of IT Giants` Activities: Main Trends of Foreign and Russian Legislation
Authors:   Irkutsk Institute (Branch), All-Russian State University of Justice, Shram D.V.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the antimonopoly regulation of IT giants` activities. The author presents an overview of the main trends in foreign and Russian legislation in this area. The problems the antimonopoly regulation of digital markets faces are the following: the complexity of determining the criteria for the dominant position of economic entities in the digital economy and the criteria for assessing the economic concentration in the commodity digital markets; the identification and suppression of cartels; the relationship between competition law and intellectual property rights in the digital age. Some aspects of these problems are considered through the prism of the main trends in the antimonopoly policy in the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom and Russia. The investigation findings of the USA House of Representatives Antitrust Subcommittee against Apple, Google, Amazon and Facebook are presented. The author justifies the need to separate them, which requires the adoption of appropriate amendments to the antimonopoly legislation. The article analyzes the draft law of the European Commission on the regulation of digital markets – Digital Markets Act, reveals the criteria for classifying IT companies as «gatekeepers», and notes the specific approaches to antimonopoly regulation in the UK and the US. The article describes the concepts «digital platform» and «network effects», presented in the «fifth antimonopoly package of amendments», developed in 2018 by the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Russian Federation, and gives an overview of the comments of the Ministry of Economic Development regarding these concepts wording in the text of the draft law, which formed the basis for the negative conclusion of the regulator. It is concluded that in the context of the digital markets’ globalization, there is a need for the international legal nature antitrust norms formation, since regional legislation obviously cannot cope with the monopolistic activities of IT giants.
Türkiye’deki Eğitim Harcamalarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: MART Özlem Akın , KARTAL Sadık
Published: April 2021

Bu araştırmada, Türkiye’deki eğitim harcamalarının incelenmesi, Ekonomik
İşbirliği ve Kalkınma Teşkilatı (OECD) ülkeleri ile Türkiye’deki eğitim harcamalarının karşılaştırılarak analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın analizinde, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) ve OECD (2019) verilerinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın analizinde, eğitim harcamalarına ilişkin ülkelerarası karşılaştırma yapılmış ve yıllara göre değişimi incelenmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma türünde olan bu araştırmanın modeli, tarama modelidir. Verilerin analizinde, doküman incelemesinden yararlanılmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen analizin sonucunda; Türkiye’deki eğitim harcamalarının son yıllarda, eğitim hizmetlerinin nitelik ve nicelik açısından değerlendirilmesine olanak sağlayan toplam eğitim harcamaları, eğitim kurumlarına yapılan harcamaların gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla (GSYH) içindeki oranı, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Yükseköğretim Kurumu ve üniversitelere ayrılan kaynakların GSYH ve merkezi yönetim bütçesi içindeki payı açısından düzenli artış gösterdiği görülmüştür. Ancak eğitim harcamaları açısından OECD ülkeleri ile kıyaslandığında; öğrenci başına düşen harcamada Türkiye’nin diğer ülkelerin gerisinde kaldığı, eğitim kurumlarına yapılan harcamaların GSYH’ya oranı açısından ise orta seviyelerde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Ortaokul Düzeyinde Yenilenebilir Enerji Konusunda Öğretim Tasarımı Geliştirmenin İlk Basamağı: İhtiyaç Belirleme
Authors: GÜVEN Gökhan , GÖÇEN KABARAN Güler
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı ortaokul öğrencilerinin ve fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin yenilenebilir enerji konusunda geliştirilecek olan bir öğretim tasarımına yönelik ihtiyaçlarını belirlemektir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılında 10 fen bilimleri öğretmeni ve 109 ortaokul öğrencisi katılmıştır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme formu” ve “Yenilenebilir enerji öğretimine ilişkin açık-uçlu soru formu” kullanılmıştır. Öğretmenlerden elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemi ile ortaokul öğrencilerinden elde edilen veriler ise betimsel analiz yöntemi ile çözümlenmiştir. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin ve öğrencilerin görüşlerini çarpıcı bir şekilde yansıtmak amacıyla doğrudan alıntılara yer verilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin yenilenebilir enerji eğitimine yönelik öğrenme ortamlarında yapılanları, eksiklikleri ve olması gerekenleri ayrıntılı bir şekilde ifade ettikleri belirlenmiştir. Ortaokul öğrencileri de yenilenebilir enerji eğitiminde özellikle kullanılması gereken çeşitli dijital materyal ve teknolojik uygulamalara yönelik yanıtlar verdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada ortaokul düzeyinde etkili bir yenilenebilir enerji eğitiminin gerçekleştirilmesine yönelik çeşitli öneriler verilmiştir.
Metallic Nanomaterials with Mimic Oxidoreductase Enzyme Activity: New
Insight for Sensing and Biosensing
Authors: Huang Xuemin , Qiu Bin , Guo Longhua , Lin Zhenyu
Published: April 2021

:

It has been found that the metallic nanomaterials with mimetic enzyme activity have multiple
oxidoreductase-like enzyme activities, such as horseradish peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase,
oxidase, glucose oxidase, etc. In recent years, many applied researches based on these nanozymes
have been reported. This review summarizes three kinds of representative nanozymes, including metal
nanomaterials, MOFs, metal oxide nanomaterials, and their corresponding applications in sensing and
biosensing.
Evaluation of Consumer Sensory Acceptability and Shelf Life of Orangefleshed Sweet Potato-enriched Mozzarella Cheese
Authors: Kebeya Nixon , Nduko John M. , Muliro Patrick S.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Consumer interest in convenience foods is a new trend worldwide that is
expected to increase due to busy lifestyles. Studies have shown that sweet potato has unique
nutrients, which if incorporated into cheese, can make it a functional food. Food product
development process requires that before a product is commercialized, it is subjected to consumer
acceptability and shelf-life tests.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to determine the sensory acceptability and shelf life of
mozzarella cheese that was enriched with orange-fleshed sweet potato to improve fiber content.
Methods: Mozzarella cheese was prepared with orange-fleshed sweet potato powder at 0% up to
5.5% at intervals of 0.5% and a seven-point hedonic scale was used to evaluate product
acceptability based on colour, aroma, acidity, texture, and fibrousness. Cluster analysis and
principal component analysis were carried out using Minitab® software. For shelf life, total
coliform count, E. coli, and yeasts and moulds counts were used.

Methods:

Mozzarella cheese was prepared with orange-fleshed sweet potato powder at 0% up to
5.5% at intervals of 0.5% and a seven-point hedonic scale was used to evaluate product
acceptability based on colour, aroma, acidity, texture, and fibrousness. Cluster analysis and
principal component analysis were carried out using Minitab® software. For shelf life, total
coliform count, E. coli, and yeasts and moulds counts were used.

Result:

Hedonic scores for all sensory attributes except color were not significantly (p>0.05)
different between control and treatments. Cluster analysis grouped the sensory attributes into 3
clusters (1-color; 2-aroma, texture and fibrousness; 3-taste and acidity). All the sensory attributes
loaded positively on component 1, while taste, acidity, and fibrousness loaded negatively on
component 2 of principal component analysis. Fresh cheese had no coliforms, E. coli, yeasts and
molds. The yeasts and molds were used to predict shelf life and their numbers were directly
proportional with the cheese storage period. The control samples had the longest predicted shelf
life of 42 days and the shelf life decreased with increase in orange-fleshed sweet potato
incorporation with a treatment of 5.5% orange-fleshed sweet potato having 29 days.

Conclusion:

: Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP)-enriched mozzarella cheese had similar
sensory acceptability as the control without OFSP. It should therefore be promoted as a
functional food with a possibility of using food grade anti-mold agents for extended shelf life.
Evaluation of the Role of Ghrelin and Leptin as Biochemical Markers in
Female with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Ibrahim Mahmod Khalil , Alobaidi Amina Hamed Ahmed
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder
in women of reproductive age. PCOS is a heterogeneous complex disorder of defined aetiology.
Some studies report its association with various endocrine, metabolic and immunological abnormalities.
The hunger hormones ghrelin and leptin affect the pathogenesis of PCOS and might lead
to the development of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) in obese women.

Aim:

The study aims at evaluating the role of ghrelin and leptin level in females with polycystic
ovary syndrome as a biochemical marker for the diagnosis and monitoring progression.

Subjects and Methods:

The study included one hundred PCOS patients and fifty apparently
healthy subjects with regular menstrual cycle, visiting gynecology outpatient clinic of Kalar General
Hospital, from the beginning of February 2015 to the end of June 2015. Body Mass Index (BMI)
along with serum ghrelin, leptin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
and testosterone levels were measured for both groups. Serum leptin was determined using sandwich
ELISA, while serum ghrelin was determined using competitive ELISA. Differences between
patient and control groups were assessed by using a t-test. Also, one-way Anova was used to test
the relationships among different groups.

Results:

A significant decrease in ghrelin level and an increase in leptin levels in women with
PCOS were observed compared to the control group. Also, a significant elevation in serum levels
of LH, Testosterone, Prolactin, and a decrease in serum FSH in PCOS patients were observed,
when compared to the control group. Additionally, serum ghrelin decreased and serum leptin level
increased significantly in women with PCOS compared to controls in all age and BMI groups.

Conclusion:

A significant decrease in ghrelin and an increase in leptin in PCOS patients were observed
than in controls, indicating that they are at high risk for metabolic syndrome development.
Performance of Shallow Building Foundations under Infrequent Rainfall Patterns at Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Farooq Qazi U. , Naqash Muhammad T.
Published: April 2021

Objective:

This research mainly emphasizes the sustainability of midrise buildings in the holy city of Al-Madinah under varying rainfall patterns.

Background:

Western Saudi Arabia is usually a dry region, and most of the buildings are designed considering unsaturated soil conditions. However, high-intensity unexpected rainfall events have been observed in recent times. This scenario alters the soil moisture conditions and exhibits a risk to the structural stability.

Methods:

In this study, Madinah Al-Munawara soil conditions are considered to analyse the isolated shallow foundation system. Finite element models are generated for dry and wet soil conditions by using the COMSOL Multiphysics program. The numerical analysis results indicate the possibility of higher settlements under saturated conditions. Simple 1-D experimental element model tests have also been conducted to analyze the effects of the moisture change on the pre-loaded shallow foundations.

Results:

The experimental results are qualitatively compared with numerical models to observe soil moisture's overall effects on the substructure. The research will contribute to the safety of existing structures and recommend parameters for future design projects.

Conclusion:

Shallow foundations on loose granular soils are vulnerable to moisture variations, and geotechnical conditions are critical to incorporate in the prospective design projects considering the changing climatic conditions.
Measuring the Quality of Clinical Skills Mobile Apps for Student Learning: Systematic Search, Analysis, and Comparison of Two Measurement Scales
Authors: Gladman Tehmina , Tylee Grace , Gallagher Steve , Mair Jonathan , Grainger Rebecca
Published: April 2021

Background

Mobile apps are widely used in health professions, which increases the need for simple methods to determine the quality of apps. In particular, teachers need the ability to curate high-quality mobile apps for student learning.

Objective

This study aims to systematically search for and evaluate the quality of clinical skills mobile apps as learning tools. The quality of apps meeting the specified criteria was evaluated using two measures—the widely used Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS), which measures general app quality, and the Mobile App Rubric for Learning (MARuL), a recently developed instrument that measures the value of apps for student learning—to assess whether MARuL is more effective than MARS in identifying high-quality apps for learning.

Methods

Two mobile app stores were systematically searched using clinical skills terms commonly found in medical education and apps meeting the criteria identified using an approach based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A total of 9 apps were identified during the screening process. The apps were rated independently by 2 reviewers using MARS and MARuL.

Results

The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the 2 raters using MARS and MARuL were the same (MARS ICC [two-way]=0.68; P<.001 and MARuL ICC [two-way]=0.68; P<.001). Of the 9 apps, Geeky Medics-OSCE revision (MARS Android=3.74; MARS iOS=3.68; MARuL Android=75; and MARuL iOS=73) and OSCE PASS: Medical Revision (MARS Android=3.79; MARS iOS=3.71; MARuL Android=69; and MARuL iOS=73) scored highly on both measures of app quality and for both Android and iOS. Both measures also showed agreement for the lowest rated app, Patient Education Institute (MARS Android=2.21; MARS iOS=2.11; MARuL Android=18; and MARuL iOS=21.5), which had the lowest scores in all categories except information (MARS) and professional (MARuL) in both operating systems. MARS and MARuL were both able to differentiate between the highest and lowest quality apps; however, MARuL was better able to differentiate apps based on teaching and learning quality.

Conclusions

This systematic search and rating of clinical skills apps for learning found that the quality of apps was highly variable. However, 2 apps—Geeky Medics-OSCE revision and OSCE PASS: Medical Revision—rated highly for both versions and with both quality measures. MARS and MARuL showed similar abilities to differentiate the quality of the 9 apps. However, MARuL’s incorporation of teaching and learning elements as part of a multidimensional measure of quality may make it more appropriate for use with apps focused on teaching and learning, whereas MARS’s more general rating of quality may be more appropriate for health apps targeting a general health audience. Ratings of the 9 apps by both measures also highlighted the variable quality of clinical skills mobile apps for learning.
Machine Learning–Based Prediction of Growth in Confirmed COVID-19 Infection Cases in 114 Countries Using Metrics of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions and Cultural Dimensions: Model Development and Validation (Preprint)
Authors: Yeung Arnold YS , Roewer-Despres Francois , Rosella Laura , Rudzicz Frank
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

National governments worldwide have implemented nonpharmaceutical interventions to control the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigate its effects.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the prediction of future daily national confirmed COVID-19 infection growth—the percentage change in total cumulative cases—across 14 days for 114 countries using nonpharmaceutical intervention metrics and cultural dimension metrics, which are indicative of specific national sociocultural norms.

METHODS

We combined the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker data set, Hofstede cultural dimensions, and daily reported COVID-19 infection case numbers to train and evaluate five non–time series machine learning models in predicting confirmed infection growth. We used three validation methods—in-distribution, out-of-distribution, and country-based cross-validation—for the evaluation, each of which was applicable to a different use case of the models.

RESULTS

Our results demonstrate high R2 values between the labels and predictions for the in-distribution method (0.959) and moderate R2 values for the out-of-distribution and country-based cross-validation methods (0.513 and 0.574, respectively) using random forest and adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) regression. Although these models may be used to predict confirmed infection growth, the differing accuracies obtained from the three tasks suggest a strong influence of the use case.

CONCLUSIONS

This work provides new considerations in using machine learning techniques with nonpharmaceutical interventions and cultural dimensions as metrics to predict the national growth of confirmed COVID-19 infections.
Protected Health Information and the Social media: Walking the tight rope
Introduction (Preprint)
Authors: Anderson Martin
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Healthcare is changing rapidly, and consumer focus has become a priority for most organizations. In fact, found that 81% have identified “improving consumer experience” as a high priority for their organization. But only 11% of healthcare executives feel that their organization has the capabilities to deliver positive consumer experience.

It’s important to understand that social media has the potential to be both enhancing and damaging, during or after a crisis. There will be numerous rumours and misinformation spreading during a crisis, creating panic among the public, with the aim of making the information ‘go viral.’ Population education or empowerment is important to ensure that the general population doesn’t fall victim to such rumours. Healthcare organisations have a duty to prevent damage in this way, by creating awareness. People should be educated to distinguish between trustworthy and misleading information. For example, we published an article on how misleading information on anorexia is promoted on YouTube, stating that “the illiterate in this ICT era will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot distinguish between trustworthy and misleading information available online” (Syed-Abdul et al. 2013).

OBJECTIVE

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METHODS

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CLINICALTRIAL

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Understanding and Overcoming the Challenges Related to Cardiovascular Trials Involving Patients with Kidney Disease
Authors: Ishida Julie H. , Chauhan Cynthia , Gillespie Barbara , Gruchalla Ken , McCullough Peter A. , Quella Susan , Romero Alain , Rossignol Patrick , Wheeler David C. , Malley Meaghan A. , West Melissa , Herzog Charles A.
Published: April 2021

Cardiovascular disease is a prevalent and prognostically important comorbidity among patients with kidney disease, and individuals with kidney disease make up a sizeable proportion (30%–60%) of patients with cardiovascular disease. However, several systematic reviews of cardiovascular trials have observed that patients with kidney disease, particularly those with advanced kidney disease, are often excluded from trial participation. Thus, currently available trial data for cardiovascular interventions in patients with kidney disease may be insufficient to make recommendations on the optimal approach for many therapies. The Kidney Health Initiative, a public-private partnership between the American Society of Nephrology and the US Food and Drug Administration, convened a multidisciplinary, international work group and hosted a stakeholder workshop intended to understand and develop strategies for overcoming the challenges with involving patients with kidney disease in cardiovascular clinical trials, with a particular focus on those with advanced disease. These efforts considered perspectives from stakeholders, including academia, industry, contract research organizations, regulatory agencies, patients, and care partners. This article outlines the key challenges and potential solutions discussed during the workshop centered on the following areas for improvement: building the business case, re-examining study design and implementation, and changing the clinical trial culture in nephrology. Regulatory and financial incentives could serve to mitigate financial concerns with involving patients with kidney disease in cardiovascular trials. Concerns that their inclusion could affect efficacy or safety results could be addressed through thoughtful approaches to study design and risk mitigation strategies. Finally, there is a need for closer collaboration between nephrologists and cardiologists and systemic change within the nephrology community such that participation of patients with kidney disease in clinical trials is prioritized. Ultimately, greater participation of patients with kidney disease in cardiovascular trials will help build the evidence base to guide optimal management of cardiovascular disease for this population.
TRI NARODA I DVA ENTITETA – TRENUTNI ODNOSI SNAGA
Authors: Stankovic Vladan
Published: April 2021

Tema ovog naučnog rada je politička situacija u složenoj državnoj tvorevini Bosni i Hercegovini (u daljem tekstu: BiH). Autor polazi od polazne pretpostavke prema kojoj je politička stvarnost u BiH uslovljena arhitektonikom Dejtonskog mirovnog ugovora za tri naroda i dva entiteta, pa se u skladu sa tim pošlo od Osnovne hipoteze da političke odnose u BiH prvenstveno diktiraju upravo odnosi između tri naroda i dva entiteta. Stoga je za predmet istraživanja odabrana politička analiza odnosa između tri naroda u BiH (Bošnjaka, Srba i Hrvata), i između dva entiteta (Republike Srpske i Federacije BiH). Produbljujući istraživanje autor je u analizu uveo i spoljnopolitičke faktore, koji kao značajan korekcioni činilac utiču na relacije i upotpunjuju sliku. Istraživački zahvat obuhvata prostor BiH, u vremenskom opsegu kraja druge i početka treće decenije XXI veka, sa značajnim osvrtima na period od Dejtonskog mirovnog ugovora do danas. Cilj istraživanja svodi se na analizu trenutnih odnosa političkih snaga između tri naroda i dva entiteta. Naučni značaj istraživanja političko-institucionalnih uslovljenosti tri nacionalne zajednice i dva entiteta i njihove refleksije u međunarodnim odnosima ima za društvenu opravdanost analitička saznanja o poziciji srpskog naroda u trenutnom odnosu snaga u BiH. Autor je u istraživanju ukrstio više metoda: analitički pristup, uporedni metod, metoda posmatranja, institucionalni pristup, statistički metod, analizu sadržaja, ciljno tumačenje…
VODNI SAOBRAĆAJ I KVALITET ŽIVOTNE SREDINE: ODNOSI DVA PRAVNA REŽIMA
Authors: Todic Dragoljub
Published: April 2021

U uvodnom delu rada se daje pregled ključnih pitanja koja određuju opšti kontekst rasprave. Ukazuje se na kritično stanje vodnih resursa i različite dimenzije mogućih problema u ovoj oblasti. Posebno se skreće pažnja na vodni saobraćaj kao činilac koji doprinosi pogoršanju stanja vodnih resursa i stanja životne sredine u celini. Na primeru propisa u oblasti saobraćaja na unutrašnjim vodama i propisa u oblasti životne sredine Republike Srbije (RS), ukazuje se na otvorena normativna pitanja koja predstavljaju prepreku unapređenju stanja vodnih resursa. Analiziraju se propisi kojima se reguliše saobraćaj na unutrašnjim vodama sa stanovišta načina kako je regulisana zaštita životne sredine. Posebno se ukazuje na odredbe kojima se regulišu obaveze i prava različitih subjekata u pogledu mera za sprečavanje zagađivanja životne sredine, uključujući i upravljanje otpadom. Istovremeno, ukazuje se i na propise u oblasti životne sredine koji su od značaja za saobraćaj na unutrašnjim vodama. Takođe, daje se pregled najznačajnijih međunarodnih ugovora kojima se reguliše saobraćaj na unutrašnjim vodnim putevima i zaštita životne sredine. Osnovni cilj rada je sagledavanje načina kako je regulisana zaštita životne sredine u propisima koji regulišu saobraćaj na unutrašnjim vodama. Identifikuju se tačke preplitanja dva pravna režima (vodni saobraćaj i životna sredina) i ukazuje na otvorena pitanja i moguće slabosti u postojećem sistemu normi.
ISTRAŽIVANjE O ZASTUPLJENOSTI ŽENA NA ZNAČAJNIM DRUŠTVENIM POLOŽAJIMA U REPUBLICI SRBIJI
Authors: Arezina Vera , Spasojevic Nenad
Published: April 2021

Položaj žene u Srbiji menjao se tokom decenija, od njene prvobitne uloge majke i domaćice unutar domaćinstava. Danas se žene u Srbiji nalaze na značajnim položajima, teže ostvarivanju svojih karijera, odavno imaju i pravo glasa i odlučivanja, ali su ujedno i dalje stub domaćinstava. Cilj ovog rada je da prikaže i objasni koliko se uloga žene u Srbiji zaista promenila i da li žene danas uživaju veća prava nego što su ih pre imale. U radu je korišćen aksiološki teorijsko-metodološki pristup, kao i kombinovane metode. Takođe, kroz rezultate istraživanja koje su sproveli studenti druge godine studija i akademsko osoblje Fakulteta političkih nauka u Beogradu u aprilu 2020. godine, biće predstavljeni i stavovi 710 građanki i građana Srbije po pitanju položaja žena na značajnim društvenim položajima. Pored toga, biće analizirani i njihovi stavovi i o drugim aspektima koji su ključni kada se govori temi zastupljenosti žena na značajnim društvenim položajima.
La transición energética mexicana en una comunidad maya: el caso de San José Tipceh, Yucatán
Authors: El Mekaoui Amina , Baños Ramírez Othón
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: ilustrar el ejercicio de poder y sus contrapesos entre los actores involucrados —la empresa promotora del proyecto, el gobierno federal y los miembros de la comunidad, en especial los ejidatarios— durante la implementación de un megaproyecto de energías renovables en la comunidad maya de San José Tipceh, Muna, Yucatán. Metodología: durante seis meses se realizó una etnografía multifocal y multitécnica que recogió el testimonio de diversos participantes: figuras clave de la comunidad, ejidatarios con derechos agrarios y residentes que no conformaban el núcleo ejidal. Resultados: el tema de las tierras ejidales estaba devaluado y manejado a espaldas de la comunidad hasta que el gobierno federal intervino para aplicar la ley correspondiente. El proceso legal dio pie a la defensa del medio ambiente y al empoderamiento de los residentes de la comunidad. Limitaciones: puesto que cada experiencia de implementación presenta variantes y matices diferentes, es necesario decir que el caso analizado no es una muestra representativa. Valor: el caso de San José Tipceh permite entender las bondades y las limitaciones de la transición energética mexicana a escala local. Conclusiones: en el futuro se debe procurar que la implementación de este tipo de proyectos sea sustentable, tomando en cuenta el bienestar de los actores involucrados y que éstos se encuentren en una posición igualitaria de poder.
Las pandemias precedentes a la COVID-19: de la peste de Atenas a la peste rosa
Authors: Ceberio Marcelo R.
Published: April 2021

Las grandes epidemias de la historia no solo ocasionaron muertes, sino crisis emocionales, psicosociales y económicas. Pero al final de cuentas la resiliencia ganó terreno, generando un gran aprendizaje y el incremento de la capacidad de adaptación y supervivencia. El presente artículo es el primero de dos, que categorizan a las grandes epidemias que azotaron al mundo en diversos períodos de la historia. Se describen sus síntomas y su etiología enmarcados en su contexto histórico. Epidemias y pandemias son el resultado de variables como la pobreza, la falta de higiene, una grave tendencia al individualismo, entre otras; además del factor de estrés, producto de un ritmo de vida acelerado, todos estos factores perviven hasta nuestros días.
Biofertilizer potential of digestates from small-scale biogas plants in the Cuban context
Authors: Odales Leyanet , López Edelbis , López Lisbet Mailin , Jiménez Janet , Barrera Ernesto Luis
Published: April 2021

The residual sludge from anaerobic digestion known as digestate has been used as a valuable biofertilizer, but the effect of the substrate, the configuration of the reactor and the operating parameter changes the quality and amounts of nutrients in it. Therefore, it is necessary to know its potential characteristic of fertilizer to apply it correctly in crops of national interest. The aim of this work was to characterize the digestate generated from three biodigester technologies (fixed dome, floating drum and tubular) and three substrates: swine manure, cow manure, and co-digestion of swine and cow manure obtained in the province of Sancti Spíritus, Cuba, in terms of nutrient and matter content. For this purpose, stratified statistical sampling was carried out to ensure representative samples and descriptive statistical techniques were used to process the analyses. The digestate was divided into liquid and solid fractions according to the dry matter content (15%). The content of organic matter and ash represented around 50% for both fractions, which enhances its value as a soil conditioner. The nutrient content of both fractions showed good fertilizing properties, having a nutrient ratio (NH4+:PO43-:K+:SO42-:Mg2+:Ca2+) in the liquid (0.002:0.80:0.10:1.00:0.89:0.93) and solid (0.0003:0.96:0.002:1.00:0.52:0.50) fractions, that would contribute to the return nutrients to the soil. The quality of the liquid fraction as irrigation water was assessed as good, according to the relationship between the concentration of the nutrients (Ca, Mg, Na and K) and hardness. Further research is needed on the appropriate dosage for the different crops, and its contribution to sustainable agriculture in the Cuban context.
Application of the Bispectral Wavelet Analysis forSearching Three-Wave Interactions in the Spectrum of Internal Waves
Authors: Zhegulin G. V. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zimin A. V. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

Purpose. The aim of the work is to test the bispectral wavelet analysis being applied as a tool for studying resonance interactions between the frequency components in the spectrum of internal waves (based on the example both of the model signals, the shape of which is similar to that of the solitons and boras, and the field observations data on temperature fluctuations resulted from the internal waves in the Gorlo Strait of the White Sea). Methods and Results. The paper represents a technique for detecting three-wave interactions in the internal waves’ spectrum. The method is based on the bispectral wavelet analysis. It permits to identify the interharmonic correlation and the magnitude of the quadratic phase relationship arising as a result of nonlinear interactions between the signal frequency components. In the first part of the paper, efficiency of the applied method was evaluated using the example of various artificial signals with quadratic nonlinearity in order to demonstrate the method features and advantages. In the second part, the method was used to analyze the temperature profiles obtained by scanning thermohaline sounding, in which the oscillations related to passing of the internal wave groups were recorded. It is shown that the waves with the 40 min period are generated due to quadratic nonlinearity. The auto-bicoherence function values confirm the fact that the higher harmonics are formed in the 60–120 min range as a result of the three-wave interactions. They change synchronously in time, and their amplitudes are proportional, that is typical of the initial stage of the waves’ nonlinear transformation. Absence of a periodic change in the biphase sign in the considered range indicates insignificant influence of the dispersion effects upon the short-period internal waves’ structure. Conclusions. The example of observations in the Gorlo Strait of the White Sea shows that the recorded asymmetric structure of the isotherm oscillations was formed being influenced by the three-wave interaction. Possibility of further application of the method for studying the processes of the internal waves’ nonlinear transformation and breaking is discussed.
Distribution of 137Cs and 40K in the Bottom Sediments of the Balaklava Bay (the Black Sea)
Authors: Kremenchutskii D. A. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Gurov K. I. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
Published: April 2021

Purpose. The aim of the work is to study spatial variability of the 137Cs and 40K concentrations in the bottom sediments of the Balaklava Bay, and to estimate the sedimentation rate and relative content of the biogenic fraction. Methods and Results. The results of the 137Cs and 40K concentration measurements in 5 columns of the bottom sediments sampled in various parts of the Balaklava Bay are represented. Activity of 137Cs and 40K in the samples was determined by the gamma spectrometric analysis. Based on the measurement data, spatial variability of the 137Cs and 40K concentration fields in the bottom sediments was studied, and the sedimentation rate was quantitatively estimated. Application of the balance equation provided quantitative estimates of the relative biogenic fraction content; its spatial variability was described. Quantitative estimates of the relationship between the biogenic fraction estimates resulted from use of the direct and indirect methods are represented. Conclusions. According to the obtained results, the 137Cs and 40K concentrations in the upper 5 cm layer of bottom sediments varied in space from 11 to 62 and from 155 to 562 Bq/kg, respectively. The maximum radionuclide concentrations were characteristic of the northern part of the bay, the minimum ones – of its southern part. The sedimentation average rate was 0.51 ± 0.06 cm/year. Relative biogenic fraction content in the sediments varied in space from 30 to 89% and averaged 46 ± 25%. The maximum values were observed in the southern part of the bay, the minimum ones – in the northern part.
Numerical Study of the Process of Salt Water Inflow to the Don Mouth from the Taganrog Bay
Authors: Chikin А. L. ,   Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Chikina L. G. ,   Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Published: April 2021

Purpose. Numerical study based on the model example is aimed at examining the process of the salt water inflow to the Stary Don sleeve from the Taganrog Bay due to the wind water surge. Methods and Results. Complex mathematical model of the flow and salt distribution in the open riverbed is described. The section of the River Don, consisting of the Stary Don sleeve and a part of the main channel was considered. Salt is delivered through the host reservoir – the Taganrog Bay. The model is described by the system of Saint-Venant equations and the convection-diffusion equation. The problem is solved by the finite-difference methods. The results of the numerically studied influence of the sea surface level in the Taganrog Bay both on the flow nature in the Don Delta area and the degree of salt penetration upstream of the river are obtained. It was numerically established that the flow rate did not significantly affect salt concentration in the Don main channel. Conclusions. The computational experiments showed that the decisive factor in the process of the salt water inflow to the Don Delta from the Taganrog Bay consisted in the sea level significant increase resulting from extreme wind surges; and the preceding runoffs enhanced this effect even greater. The represented model gives an idea of the general trend in the process of the Don Delta possible salinization as a result of the surge phenomena
Improvement of the SIGMA-1 Measuring Complex for Studies of Langmuir Circulations and Surface Wave Breaking in the Black Sea
Authors: Pavlov M. I. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Chukharev A. M. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this article is to describe modernization of SIGMA-1 measuring complex. The modernization was performed to improve the quality of research of the wave breaking mechanisms and Langmuir circulations at the stationary oceanographic platform MHI. The article deals with the effects of natural oscillations of the device and changes in the housing position on the measured components of the flow velocity vector. The device natural oscillations are recorded by a position monitoring system consisting of a set of sensors: accelerometers and a magnetometer. A model study of permissible rotations and maximum tilt angles showed that in the absence of an angular velocity sensor, the uncorrected measured components of the flow velocity vector can differ significantly from the actual ones. To solve this problem, MPU-9250 module with an accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer was chosen; Arduino Nano was used as a microcontroller system. Based on the theory of calculating spatial angles, a program for correcting the measured components of velocity pulsations for the new module was developed in Arduino IDE programming environment. The optimal program (Magneto) for calibrating the magnetometer was selected as the most accurate and satisfying the conditions of use at the oceanographic platform. The main stages of sensor calibration are described. The flow velocity components measured in the device coordinate system are adjusted for the values of tilt angles, angular and linear velocities, the calculation is performed using the eddy correlation method. The developed system has been tested on specialized equipment in laboratory setting and has the following characteristics: within the range –30…+30° the maximum pitch error is 0.31°; the maximum roll error is 0.42°; the maximum magnetometer error is 2.09°. The achieved characteristics allow significant increase in the accuracy of measuring the velocity vector and reliability estimate of influence of various physical processes on the vertical exchange.
Numerical Experiments to Identify Suspended Matter Flow Rate over the Seabed in a Model of Impurity Transport
Authors: Kochergin V. S. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Kochergin S. V. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
Published: April 2021

The paper deals with variation assimilation of model data on the concentration of suspended matter in the upper layer of the Sea of Azov. Such information is used during practical evaluation of identification algorithms to test the assimilation of concentration values derived from satellite information. Combined use of surface concentration estimates and modeling results based on the transport model is of interest for determining the strength of sources of suspended matter inflow. The test problem has been solved of determination of the required parameter in the sea bottom boundary condition when parameterizing the sediment inflow (agitation) from bottom sediments due to dynamic processes in the sea bottom layer. Two approaches to search for the required constant for the parameterization used in the calculations are implemented. A variational identification algorithm based on adjoint problem solving is used in determining the spatially variable flow of suspended matter on the seabed. The assimilation of measurement data into a model of passive admixture transport allows to determine the spatial structure of such flows at a given time interval. When implementing the variational identification algorithm, gradient methods are used to find optimal estimates by minimizing the quadratic functional of the prognosis quality. The solution of the adjoint problem is used to construct the gradient of the prognosis quality functional. Descent is performed in the direction of this gradient. During realization of variational procedure the main problem, the adjoint problem and the problem in variations, which is necessary to determine an iteration parameter, are solved. The flow fields and turbulent diffusion coefficients used in the calculations were obtained using a dynamic model of the Sea of Azov in sigma coordinates under exposure to intense easterly wind.
LABORATOIRE DU VÉCU: L’EXPÉRIENCE THÉÂTRALE EN GROUPE, ATELIER FAN AL-HAYAT [L’ART DE LA VIE]
Authors: Reyad-Mamdoh Samir
Published: April 2021

Cette recherche propose d’étudier une expérience théâtrale menée en groupe pour explorer les potentialités du travail théâtral. Un protocole de travail a été mis en place : trainings visant à travailler sur les positions dynamiques, le contact et la plasticité du corps, et préparation au jeu théâtral, mené dans le but d’établir une distance entre les comédiens et les événements qui les ont traumatisés afin de les dépasser. L’action théâtrale a été source de découverte, de travail sur soi, un moyen efficace pour les aider à se libérer, à partager leurs sentiments, à maîtriser leur fragilité en retrouvant une capacité à agir jusqu'à présent ignorée. Ils se sont reconstruits, en retrouvant confiance en eux et en se réappropriant d’autres aptitudes et d’autres attitudes. C’est une voie qui peut mener à la résilience. Notre étude empirique allie deux dimensions intrinsèques : la théorie, permettant de penser notre démarche et de l'inscrire dans un processus réflexif ; et la pratique qui nous offre la possibilité de réaliser sur scène l'expérience d'un travail sur soi, sur l’exploration des obstacles et des inhibitions personnelles. Mots ClésRésilience. Reviviscence. Potentialités Théâtrales. Création Collective. Expérience Scénique.
The impact of investors on transfer fees in the English Premier League: A study of the ownership structures
Authors: Richau Lukas , Follert Florian , Frenger Monika , Emrich Eike
Published: April 2021

Transfer fees in European football have experienced a rapid increase in the past years. Simultaneously, an increasing number of domestic and recently foreign investors — who are assumed to further increase team spending in European football — have entered the football market by becoming club owners. In light of these developments, fears associated with an increasing influence of foreign (majority) investors from the financial as well as the emotional fan perspective have increased. Given the rather limited number of empirical studies focusing on the impact of investors on transfer fees, we shed further light on this topic. Based on a data sample including transfer fees, player characteristics, player performance and team performance from 2012–2013 to 2018–2019 for the English Premier League, we estimate OLS regressions and quantile regressions to analyze the effects of ownership concentration and investor origin on the amount of individual transfer fees. While we do not find strong evidence that ownership concentration increases the willingness to pay, we find fairly consistent results that foreign investors are willing to pay a premium compared to domestic investors. Our results also indicate that especially foreign investors who own a majority share of a club have a positive effect on transfer fees for the upper quantiles.
The Epidemic Volatility Index: an early warning tool for epidemics
Authors: Kostoulas Polychronis
Published: April 2021

The objective of this work is to present the Epidemic Volatility Index
(EVI), an early warning tool for upcoming epidemic waves. EVI is based
on the volatility of the newly reported cases per unit of time, ideally
per day, and issues an early warning if the rate of the volatility
change exceeds a threshold. EVI is simple and its application on data
from the current COVID-19 pandemic, revealed a consistent and stable
performance in predicting the waves of the COVID-19 epidemic for each
one of the world countries. The application of EVI in the case of other
epidemics and syndromic surveillance is straightforward and its
combination with existing alarm systems will promote the early
implementation of appropriate interventions and the successful
containment of outbreaks.