bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
برصغیر کا خود مختار مسلم ریاستی دور اور مسلم وغیر مسلم تعلقات: دکن, بنگال, جونپور اور کشمیر کا خصوصی جائزہ
Authors: حیات منزہ
Published: September 2021

Whenever a major empire collapses in a region, small governments arereplaced, as when the Abbasid regime began to weaken in Baghdad, so manygovernments were formed in the wider region that included the Khilafah Abbasi.When the Umayyad Empire ended in Andalusia, the country was divided into severalsmaller governments. Similarly, when the great central empire of Delhi fell in thesubcontinent, independent governments were established everywhere. But since thesubcontinent is a relatively large region, the independent governments that wereformed here were far larger than the smaller Andalusian governments, the Deccan,Bengal and Kashmir governments were equal to the Umayyad regime of Andalusia.Within Muslim governments, the importance of harmony and reconciliation inMuslim-non-Muslim relations has often been very important. Prevailed, Muslimsgradually became permanent citizens of the subcontinent. They not only influencedthe culture of the area and expanded it by narrowing it down, but also welcomedsome local influences. As a whole, Hinduism was certainly influenced by newinfluences and India's Islam also became somewhat different from other countries'Islam. The monotheism of Islam influenced the Hindu religion and the belief in theunity of the Hindus influenced the Indian Muslims. There were many HinduMuslims at that time who were new Muslims and who were raised in the Hindutradition. There were relatively few who came from outside, so Islamic Sufism,whose source is elite, began to develop. The article under consideration includes aspecial review of the treatment of non-Muslims in the periods of Muslim-dominatedstates of Deccan, Bangla, Jaunpur and Kashmir.
Rights of Women in Islamic and Pakistan Law and Constitution
Authors: Rana Muhammad Akram
Published: September 2021

Men and women are two important groups universally inhabiting all thesocieties. Pakistan is a patriarchal society where men dominate women in all aspectsof life. Pakistani women’s education, health and working condition lead to theirsubordinate status making them vulnerable to violence and crime. It further reduceswomen’s chances to reach the decision making and authoritative positions in society,like head of the state.In this article we will focus on rights of women in Islamic and Pakistani lawand constitution. i.e● What sort of law has been introduced in Pakistan, whether it is compatible toIslamic law or not?● Family law ordinance 1961● Hudood ordinance● Zina ordinance● Law of evidence● The Honor killing Act 2004● The Protection of Women Act 2006● Laws of sexual Harassment● Law to curb Acid attacks 2011● The Anti Women Social Protection Act 2011● Law on Domestic Violence● The law on Child MarriageKeeping in view all the laws and ordinances it will be assessed whetherwomen’s rights are protected and they are satisfied with their position in the society.It is also said that the laws are mainly formulated by men dominated politicaland legislative institutions. The study of laws and legislative procedures and justicesystems for impact on women will also help to improve the status of women.This paper will discuss laws in Islam and Pakistan, whether they haveimproved the condition of women or otherwise.
ASSESSMENT OF HIDDEN CURRICULUM DURING CLINICAL ROTATIONS OF YEAR 4 MBBS STUDENTS USING HIDDEN INFORMAL CURRICULUM ASSESSMENT TOOL (HICAT)
Authors: Afridi Ambreen , Sethi Ahsan , Ahmed Farooq , Kashif Lubna
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction: This study was aimed to assess the hidden curriculum for year-4 undergraduate medical students during one of their clinical rotation using Hidden Informal Curriculum Assessment Tool (HICAT).

Methods: This cross sectional survey was conducted amongst two hundred, year 4 medical students (using HICAT questionnaire ) who had undergone clinical rotation in the department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar over a period of three months (January to march 2020).

Results: Two hundred students participated in the survey. Out of those 110 were males and 90 were female with mean age 22 ± 1.Highly valued items in the minds of students included positive doctor patients skills development inspiration, exhibiting high professional standards and exhibiting positive role modeling. The negative experience which was the commonest and also had a significant influence on the students was the competition with peers, lack of confidence and experience of being disadvantaged due to gender. Males felt more disadvantaged.  Also students belonging to rural areas felt more disadvantaged than the students of urban areas.

Conclusion: Incorporating the concepts of hidden curriculum into the explicit curriculum and training the faculty as well as students about the concepts will go a long way in producing medical professionals exhibiting highest professional standards and proper attitudes during patient and students encounter.
CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF AZITHROMYCIN VERSUS CIPROFLOXACIN IN THE TREATMENT OF UNCOMPLICATED ENTERIC FEVER IN CHILDREN;
Authors: Hussain Iqbal , Faisal Muhammad Saleh , Khan Arshad , Jamal Arif , Hayat Waqar
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective: To compare the clinical effectiveness of oral azithromycin with oral ciprofloxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever in children.

Material and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out in the Pediatric department of Khyber Teaching Hospital for which a sample size of 282 patients was determined using WHO calculator with 5% level of significance and 80% power of test (Two sided). Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used for selection of children age 6 to 18 years and either gender. They were divided into two groups (141 in each) where Group A was treated with oral azithromycin while Group B with ciprofloxacin for 7 days. Clinical effectiveness was determined when the patient remained afebrile for more than 48 hours without antipyretics.

Results: In group A, 128 children (90.78%) while in Group B, 105 (74.46%) children become clinically cure.

Conclusion: Oral Azithromycin is more effective than oral Ciprofloxacin in the treatment of typhoid fever in children.
CLINICAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL FEATURES OF LEISHMANIASIS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF PESHAWAR
Authors: Batool Zufishan , Basharat Shifa , Khan Maria , Ali Nosheen , Khattak Maria Tasneem , Sohail Gulrukh
Published: September 2021

Objective: To evaluate the hematological and clinical features of Visceral and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.

Materials and Methods: This was hospital-based retrospective study which included all cases of Cutaneous leishmaniasis and Visceral leishmaniasis that were diagnosed from Jan 2018 till December 2019 at Pathology Department, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar. The diagnosed cases were analyzed for clinical and laboratory profile in details, results of CBC, demographic information and physical signs at presentation were noted as well as bone marrow aspirations were performed for LD bodies.

Results: Out of 104 cases, 36 (34.61%) visceral leishmaniasis and 68 (65.38%) cutaneous leishmaniasis were observed during the study period, in which 82 (78.85%) were male and 22 (21.15%) were females. Age range was from 03-40 years with mean of 23 + 4.21 years. Intermittent fever was observed in almost all the cases of visceral leishmaniasis and 52 (76.47%) of cutaneous leishmaniasis. All patients with visceral leishmaniasis had hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Patients with CL presented as lesions on face and foot region.  In VL all patients were male, while in CL 46 were males and only 22 were females. Majority (83.33%) of patients in VL were children (age group 1-10 years), in cutaneous leishmaniasis 34 (50%) were in age group 31-40 years.

Conclusion: Our study concludes that leishmaniasis mainly affecting age group 10-20 years. Patients with visceral Leishmaniasis presented with pallor, weight loss fever and splenomegaly while those with cutaneous leishmaniasis presented with lesions on the foot and face especially nose. Anemia and thrombocytopenia were most common hematological parameters. It is essential that the Public Health authorities be more aware of the condition in order to improve environmental sanitation and personal protective measures and to establish diagnostic laboratories for early and correct diagnosis and treatment.
PLEOMORPHIC LIPOSARCOMA PRESENTING AS EXTRACARDIAC MEDIASTINAL MASS LEADING TO CARDIAC COMPRESSION
Authors: Badshah Aliena , Khattak Zoia Ehsan , Khan Israr , Naeem Arooba , Humayub Mohammad
Published: September 2021

A 45-year-old male presented with a 3-month history of fever associated with dyspnea, orthopnea, weight loss, chest pain, and anorexia.  Past history was notable for cigarette smoking of 5 packs per year. Examination findings suggested clubbing, raised jugular venous pulse and pedal edema. Characteristic findings on systemic examination were displaced apex beat, sternal heave, bibasilar crepitations, distended abdomen, and presence of shifting dullness. Echocardiography revealed an extracardiac mass collapsing mostly the right side of the heart. Later, multidetector computed tomography scan (MDCT) was done which detected a mediastinal mass crossing midline, significantly compressing right sided cardiac chambers, adjacent segments of major arteries and veins, and displaced esophagus to the left. An ultrasound guided biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of pleomorphic liposarcoma. Although it turned out to be a surgical case, but the objective of reporting this case of pleomorphic liposarcoma is to keep our differentials broad when we get cases with typical cardiac symptoms. Sometimes the etiology could be extracardiac.

Key words: Pleomorphic liposarcom; Mediastinal mass; Extracardiac mass; MDCT
Investigation on the use of chloramphenicol and amoxicillin in snakehead fish (Channa maculata) farming and analysis of those antibiotic residue in muscle samples
Authors: Ngo Thao V.
Published: September 2021

The use of drugs and chemicals in aquaculture has been increased surprisingly due to the fact that it has been moving from low to high level of intensification. However, there is lack of information in snakehead fish farming. The study was conducted by interviewing 65 farmers in Dinh Quan, Trang Bom, and Bien Hoa, Dong Nai province to provide sufficient information on the use of chloramphenicol (CAP) and amoxicillin (AMX) in snakehead fish farming. Interview results showed that no employment of the 2 antibiotics in prevention of diseases. However, CAP was currently applied to treat diseases at a concentration of 50.04 and 100.0 g/ton of fish in Bien Hoa and Trang Bom, respectively despite it was banned in aquaculture according to the law. AMX restricted to use was employed when fish got sick at 59.62, 91.49, and 89.58 g/ton of fish in Dinh Quan, Bien Hoa and Trang Bom, respectively. In contrast to field survey result, LC-MS/MS analysis of 3 fish muscle samples randomly collected at each place around 14 days before and on the day of harvesting indicated that no residue of concerned antibiotics was detected. The present study suggests that farmers currently apply antibiotics including banned antibiotics in fish but have initially raised awareness of the use of antibiotics, evidenced by the fact that they were only used when needed. Hence, the management and extension should be intensively promoted for a legal use of antibiotics and other chemicals.
The effects of plant spacing and frequency of aeration on the growth and yield of water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC.) in hydroponic system
Authors: Nguyen Hoang T.
Published: September 2021

Water dropwort is an aquatic perennial plant of the Apiaceae family and is a wild vegetable originating in the tropics of Asia. The plant prefers moist soil and growing in partial shading 60 - 70% conditions. The two factor experiments were arranged in randomized complete design (RCD) with three replications. Factor A was four planting spaces (4 × 2 cm; 4 × 3 cm; 4 × 4 cm and 4 × 5 cm). Factor B was frequency of aeration (every two days; every four days and every six days). Results showed that water dropwort planted in watercress nutritious solution at different planting spaces and frequency of aeration had no statistically significant effect on height, number of leaves/plant, average plant weight as well as quality indicators. However, water dropwort planted in watercress nutritious solution with 4 × 2 cm spacing and aerating for highest theoretical yield, actual yield and commercial yield are 3,408 kg/1,000 m2; 2,504 kg/1,000 m2 and 1,979 kg/1,000 m2.
"Not a new pattern": Black farmers' perspectives on barriers to participating in federal farm programs
Authors: Russell Kelli , Hossfeld Leslie , Rico Mendez Gina
Published: September 2021

Although there are more opportunities and re­vamped avenues for socially disadvantaged farmers to participate in federal agricultural program since Pigford v. Glickman, the first Black farmer class action lawsuit against USDA and subsequent billion dollar settlement, there is not a lot of scholarly research on Black farmers’ perspectives and experiences in accessing and using these programs today. Using data from nine focus groups in Mississippi with 89 Black farmers, we find that Black farmers and ranchers identify several barriers to program participation, namely communication about programs and problems with the application and approval process, including a lack of standardization and transparency. Inter­woven throughout the discussions of barriers were conversations about racial and gender discrimina­tion, with producers soundly in agreement that the former persists, and the latter is an issue. This research informs our understandings of Black farmers’ experiences of how racial hierarchies and networks continue to shape their ability to access and participate in federal farm programs; policy recommendations are provided.
Potential application of Colonic drug delivery system in prevention and treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ansari Mudassir , Singh Kavita
Published: September 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in USA. The current regimen used to treat colorectal cancer has many side effects and have higher drug distribution in other tissues. Physical activity and diet play major role in prevention of Colon cancer which is briefly discussed in this paper. Colon targeted drug delivery system (CoDDS) is found to be a promising approach to target the drug specifically to colon. This review provides the description of various colon targeted approaches that can be used to treat CRC. Factors to be consider while designing CoDDS include pH of GIT, Transit time of GI tract and Microbiota of colon. This review will discuss the staging and standard treatments modalities for CRC.
The Louis Sheaffer Collection of Eugene O'Neill at Connecticut College
Authors: Panciera Benjamin
Published: September 2021

The Louis Sheaffer Collection of Eugene O'Neill or Sheaffer-O'Neill Collection has been at Connecticut College since 1992. Encompassing sixty linear feet of original and photocopied manuscripts, clippings, notes, photographs, and ephemera and approximately 300 editions and secondary works, it is among the crown jewels of the College's special collections. This article provides an introduction to the organization and history of the collection and notes some of its highlights.
A Campanha Mundial de Erradicação da Febre Amarela da Fundação Rockefeller
Authors: Da Silva Magalhães Rodrigo Cesar
Published: September 2021

A Campanha Mundial de Erradicação da Febre Amarela foi lançada pela Comissão de Saúde Internacional (CSI) da Fundação Rockefeller (FR) em 1918. Primeiro programa internacional de saúde destinado a eliminar uma doença em escala planetária, ela se constituiu em um experimento decisivo para testar os limites e possibilidades da saúde global. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a implementação da Campanha nas Américas e na África, destacando os principais pressupostos práticos e epidemiológicos que orientaram as suas atividades. O foco da análise também recairá sobre os intercâmbios médico-científicos mantidos entre os especialistas da FR, a produção de novos conhecimentos sobre a doença, bem como o impacto de alguns acontecimentos e descobertas que abalaram os pilares de sustentação da campanha e colocaram em xeque a sua continuidade.
O “Viveiro” de Baeta Vianna
Authors: Marques Rita De Cássia
Published: September 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar o contexto de formação dos alunos do Prof. José Baeta Vianna (1894-1967), na Faculdade de Medicina de Belo Horizonte, de 1925 a 1949. Esse é considerado o primeiro ciclo do laboratório de Baeta Vianna, compreendido entre a volta dos Estados Unidos (EUA), onde foi bolsista da Fundação Rockefeller, até se licenciar para ser Secretário de Saúde de Minas Gerais. Do estágio, trouxe os fundamentos para a constituição do laboratório, também conhecido por “de Baeta Vianna”. Para entender a fama recebida pelo laboratório, serão analisados documentos orais e escritos, especialmente de ex-alunos de Baeta Vianna relatando a importância do laboratório na sua formação de médicos e cientistas.
“Proyecto de investigación: El método de casos como herramienta de enseñanza. Sus resultados y reflexiones en épocas de pandemia”.
Authors: CALPANCHAY SUAREZ PATRICIA CARINA
Published: September 2021

El proyecto “El método de casos como herramienta de enseñanza; formación y transmisión jurídico-social para docentes y estudiantes” aprobado por resolución rectoral N° 1362/18 de la Universidad Católica de Salta (UCASAL), surgió a partir de la reflexión sobre la “propia práctica docente” de la cátedra de “Introducción al Derecho” comisión B3 (primer año de la carrera de abogacía) de la facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas. Dicha reflexión denota un compromiso del docente con la calidad de la educación, en este caso, con la educación superior. La cátedra mencionada ha venido trabajando durante varios años con casos prácticos y jurisprudencia. Este aporte tiene por propósito dar cuenta de pequeños hallazgos encontrados durante el trabajo de campo. La investigación se realizó, epistemológicamente, desde las ciencias de la educación y el derecho y, específicamente, desde la pedagogía jurídica.
Adaptação parental ao filho com deficiência: revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Londero Angélica Dotto , De Souza Ana Paula Ramos , Rechia Inaê Costa , Van Hoogstraten Antônia Motta Roth Jobim , Franco Vítor Daniel
Published: September 2021

Quando nasce uma criança com deficiência, é necessária a reidealização do filho para que os pais possam lidar com as suas limitações e atender as suas demandas, resultando em uma adaptação parental adequada ao filho real. O presente artigo objetivou realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre a adaptação parental. Para tanto, investigaram-se as bases de dados Pubmed, BVS, Scopus e Cochrane, utilizando os termos Family adaptation, family impact, disabled children, no período de agosto a setembro de 2017. Foram analisados 21 artigos completos. Os resultados apontam que as famílias com um(a) filho(a) com alguma deficiência enfrentam inúmeros desafios, afetando diretamente a adaptação familiar e as estratégias de enfrentamento. Foram elaboradas três categorias para apresentar os resultados: impacto familiar ante o diagnóstico da deficiência; estados emocionais parentais e consequências sociais; fatores que interferem na adaptação familiar e nas estratégias de enfrentamento. Foi possível concluir que são aspectos centrais na adaptação parental: a) a identificação precoce de fatores positivos e negativos que impactam no processo de reidealização do filho; b) a abordagem interventiva precoce centrada na família, que considere esses fatores objetivando a busca de um enfrentamento focado na resolução de problemas; c) a criação de condições sociais de apoio às famílias.
Elaborações em retrospectiva: afeto deprimido na gestação e posterior separação
Authors: Barcellos Mariana Reis , Machado Rebeca Nonato , Féres-Carneiro Terezinha
Published: September 2021

Este artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa mais ampla sobre separação ocorrida durante a transição para a parentalidade a partir da vivência feminina. Teve como objetivo investigar os afetos vivenciados durante a gestação por mulheres que, posteriormente, se separaram. Como referencial teórico, nos embasamos na psicanálise, na abordagem sistêmica e em estudos psicossociais, de modo a abarcar o fenômeno em suas dimensões psicodinâmicas, relacionais e sociais. Foram realizadas 12 entrevistas, que tiveram como base um roteiro oculto semiestruturado, com mulheres das camadas médias da população carioca, entre 30 e 40 anos de idade que se separaram há, no mínimo, dois anos, no período de zero a dois anos de idade do primeiro filho. Os resultados evidenciaram a presença de tristeza e rejeição das participantes em relação à gestação e à relação conjugal. Observamos que a depressão gestacional foi vivenciada por muitas delas, havendo um luto intenso relacionado à passagem da mulher-filha para a mulher-mãe, concomitantemente ao luto pela conjugalidade posteriormente desfeita.
Fatores facilitadores e dificultadores reportados por filhas ao lidarem com a doença e o tratamento oncológico das mães
Authors: Gil Mariana , Santos Manoel Antônio dos
Published: September 2021

O câncer de mama é causa relevante de morbimortalidade feminina. Embora as repercussões na família sejam alvo de inúmeros estudos, os impactos psicológicos sobre as filhas permanecem pouco explorados. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os fatores que facilitam ou dificultam o enfrentamento de filhas de mulheres acometidas pelo câncer de mama na situação de doença e tratamento oncológico de suas mães. Participaram 11 filhas de mulheres que cuidaram de suas mães adoecidas. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais, audiogravadas e transcritas na íntegra. Os relatos foram submetidos à análise temática indutiva. Foram identificados fatores facilitadores e dificultadores. Em relação aos primeiros, as filhas destacaram a fé inspirada por alguma força maior ou religião, o apoio recebido de familiares e a percepção da força e coragem materna na luta pela sobrevivência. Por outro lado, a falta de apoio por parte de alguns membros da família e dos serviços médicos e oncológicos fragilizou o processo de enfrentamento. Os resultados destacam a importância da oferta de apoio social e cuidado especializado às filhas cujas mães são acometidas por uma doença carregada de estigmas e preconceitos, e que ainda apresenta altas taxas de letalidade em países em desenvolvimento como o Brasil.
Inteligencia emocional: evaluación y estrategias en tiempos de pandemia
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Ortiz Mancero Mateo Fabián , Núñez Naranjo Aracelly Fernanda
Published: September 2021

Este trabajo presenta un análisis de las estrategias metodológicas en función de la inteligencia emocional frente al rendimiento académico de estudiantes de educación superior durante la pandemia por covid-19. La población de estudio se conformó por 110 estudiantes. Tuvo un enfoque mixto, se realizó una investigación bibliográfica de las características y dinámica entre inteligencia emocional y rendimiento académico, se efectuó la recolección y análisis de datos mediante una batería psicológica Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS) y boletines de calificaciones que permitieron describir, comprender e interpretar los fenómenos a través de las percepciones y significados producidos por las experiencias de los participantes, se aplicó la lógica deductiva de lo general a lo particular. Con los resultados obtenidos en el TMMS, se determinó que las estrategias metodológicas se centran en el desarrollo de habilidades emocionales, como un factor incidente el éxito y estabilidad social a través de la percepción, comprensión y manejo de emociones mismo que dan como resultado una apropiada relación entre el medio social y educativo. Se concluye que el contexto emocional del estudiante requiere de encontrar estabilidad emocional lo que conlleva a una mejora de su rendimiento académico. Palabras clave: inteligencia emocional, conducta emocional, rendimiento académico.
Atherosclerosis in Cardiovascular Disease: An Overview
Authors: Ta Quang ,   School of Biotechnology, Tan Tao University, Duc Hoa, Long An, 850000, Viet Nam
Published: September 2021

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is often referred to several different diseases and disorders of the heart and blood vessels that constitute cardiovascular or heart disease. CVD is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the most common pathological process leading to CVD, a disease of medium to large arteries that majorly causes heart attacks and strokes. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis lesion is a very complex process that is associated with thickening of the intima layer, weakening of underlying intima. Many components of the vascular, metabolic, and immune systems are involved in this process. These lesions have been presented even in teenagers and young adults and although not clinically signiﬁcant at this stage, these lesions possess the potential to develop into clinically relevant lesions later on in over decades of life. This article will give an overview relationship between atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Effect of co-administration of atelocollagen and hyaluronic acid on rotator cuff healing
Authors: Jeong Jeung Yeol , Khil Eun Kyung , Kim Tae Soung , Kim Young Woo
Published: September 2021

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the co-administration effect of atelocollagen combined with hyaluronic acid (HA) injections for treatment of full-thickness rotator cuff tear (RCT).Methods: Eighty patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair for full-thickness RCT from March 2018 to November 2019 were enrolled. The patients were randomly allocated to the following groups: combined atelocollagen and HA injection (group I, n=28), only HA injection (group II, n=26), and no injection (group III, n=26). Clinical outcomes were assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, visual analog scale pain, functional scores (pain visual analog scale, function visual analog score), and range of motion. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed 12 months after surgery to evaluate rotator cuff integrity.Results: Preoperative demographic data and postoperative clinical outcomes did not differ significantly among the three groups (p>0.05). However, in group I, the number of steroid injections after surgery was significantly lower than that in the other groups (p=0.011). The retear rate on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging was significantly higher in group II (9.5%, n=2) and group III (13.6%, n=3) than in group I (0%) (p=0.021).Conclusions: Co-administration of atelocollagen and HA improves healing of the rotator cuff and increases the integrity of the rotator cuff repair site. This study provides encouraging evidence for use of combined atelocollagen-HA injections to treat patients with full-thickness RCT.
Switching Costs and Customer Loyalty: A Review of literature
Authors: Ganaie Tawseef Ahmad , Bhat Mushtaq Ahmad
Published: September 2021

Retaining customers in a competitive-value driven era is seen as a herculean task. Retaining customers for a longer time and reaping the benefit of customer lifetime value is seen as a major business activity that has a manifold influence on profitability, customer base, share of wallet, free word of mouth besides customer suggestions and feedback. In this direction, switching costs play an important role in influencing the customer loyalty. Switching cost acts as switching barrier which forces the customer to remain with the existing company and strengthens the customer-company longevity relationship. In view of the growing importance of switching costs and its influence on customer loyalty, this paper attempts to review switching costs and customer loyalty with a view to make switching costs barrier an effective tool to maintain a loyal customer base.
Analysing the Sway of Cash Instruments in the Indian Financial Market Context
Authors: Mehta Bhumi
Published: September 2021

There are basically four types of financial instruments viz. a bank deposit, a bill of exchange, a bond, and equity. As a result of a steady stream of financial innovations in today’s time, the market landscape is far less sparse-and far more complex to evaluate. Financial instruments are termed as the financial products which are tradable as packages of capital, each having their own unique characteristics and structure. The wide collection of financial instruments in today's marketplace allows for the efficient flow of capital amongst the world's investors. Financial instruments are legal documents that embody monetary value. There are a number of different types of documents that are properly identified as a financial instrument. There are different types of financial instrument, like cash instruments or derivative instruments.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH SELAMA PANDEMI COVID19 MENGGUNAKAN PLATFORM JITSI PADA INSTITUSI PENDIDIKAN MENGGUNAKAN SERVER UBUNTU
Authors: Walilu Raditya Faisal , Laim Bernard Ferdinan Nugroho , Mariasa I Made , Riki Riki , Alberto Alberto
Published: September 2021

Kebijakan pelaksanaan pendidikan daring yang dilakukan oleh sekolah dan juga perguruan  tinggi  di  Indonesia  adalah  menyikapi  pandemi  Covid-19 ­­yang  melanda hampir   seluruh   dunia.   Kementrian   Pendidikan   dan   kebudayaan   RI   mendorong penyelenggaraan proses pembelajaran dilakukan dengan daring. Hal ini sesuai dengan Surat  Edaran  Mendikbud  RI  nomor  3  tahun  2020  tentang  Pencegahan  Corona  Virus Disease  (COVID-19)  pada  Satuan  Pendidikan,  dan  Surat  Sekjen  Mendikbud  nomor 35492/A.A5/HK/2020  tanggal  12  Maret  2020  perihal  Pencegahan  Penyebaran Corona Virus  Disease (Covid-19).  Disamping  juga  mengikuti  edaran  dan  himbauan  dari masing-masing Pemerintah Daerah domisili Perguruan Tinggi.Hal ini menyebabkan maju pesatnya perkembangan media komunikasi WEBRTC, sebuah media teknologu realtime audio/video secara live. Hal ini digunakan bersama dalam sebuah room hingga menjadi teleconference.Penelitian ini membahas teleconference jitsi sebagai fasilitator opensource software. Penggunaan ini diterapkan dengan menggunakan konfigurasi default jitsi meliputi proxy server dan socket.Penerapan dilakukan pada tiga tempat berbeda didaerah kota/kabupaten sorong. Diantaranya diujung kota sorong, daerah saoka; kabupaten sorong, aimas dan kepulauan rajaampat, waisai. Didapatkan hasil yang signifikan sesuai dengan kecepatan internet yang didapatkan. Koresponden menggunakan paket data dan wifi telekomunikasi
ANALISIS RESPON TANTANGAN YANG DIHADAPI PENGAJAR TERHADAP E-LEARNING DI POLITEKNIK PELAYARAN SORONG
Authors: YULIANINGSIH LILIK , HENDRIAWAN ARIZAL , BHAHRI ARIANDY SYAMSUL , RISYAL MUHAMMAD
Published: September 2021

This Research Focused On The Findings Of The Questions On The Problem Research, Namely "What Are The Challenges Faced By The Teacher Toward E-Learning?". This Research Used The Social Constructivism Pattern Model (The Social Constructivism Paradigm) As A Qualitative Research Framework To Interpret The Issues Related To This Research (Crotty, 1998). Then, The Researcher Used The Question-List Model (Questionnaire) As A Tool For Data Collection, As Suggested By Sugiyono (2010). Therefore, Data Analysis That Used In This Study Is By Reducing Data (Data Reduction), Displaying Data (Data Display), And Concluding, As Suggested By Miles & Huberman (1994). Therefore, Researchers Provided Several Solutions To Overcome The Difficulties Faced By Teachers As Challenges To E-Learning In The Discussion And Conclusions Of This Research.
ANALISIS PEMANFAATAN E-LEARNING SEBAGAI MEDIA STUDENTS CENTER LEARNING (SCL) DALAM MENDUKUNG PROSES PEMBELAJARAN SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI POLITEKNIK PELAYARAN SORONG
Authors: Hafita Yuniar Ayu , Sulistiono Agus , Suroyo Suroyo , Muhammad Fadel
Published: September 2021

Pembelajaran yang berpusat pada peserta didik (student centered-learning/SCL)  diharapkan dapat mendorong mereka untuk terlibat secara aktif dalam membangun pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku. Dalam proses pembelajaran perguruan tinggi vokasi, SCL berperan penting sebagai model pembelajaran yang efektif. Hal tersebut dikarenakan oleh pembelajaran praktek lebih dominan daripada pembelajaran teori. Namun demikian, pembelajaran jarak jauh (e-learning) berlangsung di Politeknik Pelayaran Sorong selama masa pandemik Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19). Pemanfaatan pembelajaran e-learning sebagai media SCL diharapkan dapat membuat pembelajaran efektif selama masa pandemik Covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemanfaatan e-learning sebagai media Students Center Learning (SCL) dalam mendukung proses pembelajaran selama masa pandemi covid-19 di Politeknik Pelayaran Sorong. Lokasi penelitian adalah Politeknik Pelayaran Sorong dengan subjek para taruna/I dan pengajar. Metode yang akan digunakan adalah kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Instrumen yang akan digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data yaitu kuesioner dan wawancara. Dalam menganalisa data hasil penelitian, penuis akan menggunakan skala likert dalam kuesioner dan interpretasi hasil wawancara untuk menarik kesimpulan.Student Centered- Learing (SCL)
Can Laughter Lead to Learning?: Humor as a Pedagogical Tool
Authors: Chowdhury Faieza
Published: September 2021

The word humor can be defined as something which is perceived to be funny, comical, or amusing. However, in the case of humor perception plays a key role. This is mainly because what is regarded as humorous by one person may not be funny to another person. Hence, humor like beauty lies in the eyes (ears) of the beholder. The potential of humor as a pedagogical tool is not a new concept in education. Teachers around the world have a mixed attitude towards the use of humor in the classroom as a pedagogical tool. Thus, in this study we sought to investigate the perceptions of students towards the use of humor as a teaching tool at higher education institutions in Bangladesh. For this purpose, we have performed both quantitative and qualitative analysis. In the quantitative part of the study, we collected data from 300 students and performed a binary logistic regression. On the other hand, for the qualitative analysis we have undertaken interviews of 30 selected students at a higher academic institution in Bangladesh. Overall, the results of this study indicate that most of the students considered humor as a positive and beneficial teaching tool in the classroom.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Use in the Treatment of Tendon Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Clinical Studies
Authors: Cho Woo Sup , Chung Sun Gun , Kim Won , Jo Chris H. , Lee Shi-Uk , Lee Sang Yoon
Published: September 2021

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy in patients with tendon disorders enrolled in prospective clinical studies.Methods We systematically searched prospective clinical studies that investigated the effects of MSC administration on human tendon disorders with at least a 6-month follow-up period in the PubMed-MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. The primary outcome of interest was the change in pain on motion related to tendon disorders. Meta-regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between MSC dose and pooled effect sizes in each cell dose.Results Four prospective clinical trials that investigated the effect of MSCs on tendon disorders were retrieved. MSCs showed a significant pooled effect size (overall Hedges’ g pooled standardized mean difference=1.868; 95% confidence interval, 1.274–2.462; p<0.001). The treatment with MSCs improved all the aspects analyzed, namely pain, functional scores, radiological parameters (magnetic resonance image or ultrasonography), and arthroscopic findings. In the meta-regression analysis, a significant cell dose-dependent response in pain relief (Q=9.06, p=0.029) was observed.Conclusion Our meta-analysis revealed that MSC therapy may improve pain, function, radiological, and arthroscopic parameters in patients with tendon disorders. A strong need for large-scale randomized controlled trials has emerged to confirm the long-term functional improvement and adverse effects of MSC therapies in tendon disorders.
Influence of the correctness of prosthetic equipment in a person with a motor organ dysfunction in relation to its mobility – pilot studies
Authors: Zaczyk Marcin
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Movement organ dysfunctions generate a number of deficits in the physical, mental and social spheres, making it difficult to fulfill selected roles in social and professional life. The work focuses on the acquired motor organ dysfunction with a directly damaged motor apparatus as a result of an accident. The technical possibility of returning to professional activity of people after lower limb amputation was analyzed.

Materials and methods: The research involved a test of the gait process in relation to the correctness of the gait cycle and the measurement of oxygen saturation in blood and pulse as indicators of the organism's involvement in the implementation of the locomotion process. Two people participated in the study. The first statistically represented a person (without amputation) aged 30-35. The second person represented a person after lower limb amputation at the level of the thigh equipped with an artificial lower limb prosthesis. Pilot tests were carried out in a laboratory using a sports treadmill on which locomotor activity was carried out in the form of walking at selected speeds. The load distribution in the foot as well as the heart rate and blood oxygen saturation with SpO2 were recorded. The study allowed to determine the correctness of gait during the implementation of the motion function of a person having a direct impact on their mobility.

Results: The loads occurring in individual limbs for a healthy person showed a slight dispersion in relation to each other. The values of this dispersion did not exceed 4% for both mean and peak values. During the dynamic gait of the person wearing the prosthesis between the limbs, a 30% spread was recorded for the load. Observation of the participants' performance parameters were similar. In the process of realizing the longest gait cycle, the heart rate did not exceed 112 in a healthy person and 120 in a person with a motor organ dysfunction. An increase in the degree of blood oxygen saturation (saturation) was recorded in a healthy person at the SpO2 level of 1% and in a person with motor organ dysfunction at the SpO2 level of 3%.

Conclusions: The conducted research has shown that a person with a motor organ dysfunction properly equipped with a prosthesis, according to his own level of activity, slightly increases the organism's involvement in the locomotion process. The results of the pilot studies showed that a correctly selected prosthesis together with a correctly re-learned gait can perform all the processes of locomotion at a similar energy expenditure as a healthy person. Properly selected prosthetic equipment for a person with a motor dysfunction means that the inconvenience of having an artificial lower limb does not significantly affect its mobility and the possibility of undertaking professional activity.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RATIONALITY AND SPIRITUALITY INTEGRATION IN ITB SPIRITUAL COCUURICULAR CAMP TO INCREASE RELIGIOUS SPIRIT AND CREATE STUDENTS WITH NON-RADICAL MILITANT WISDOM
Authors: Zaenal Ausop Asep
Published: September 2021

ITB Spiritual Camp adalah sebuah model Kokurikuler Pendidikan Agama Islam yang dilaksanakan di Salman, masjid kampus ITB. Tujuannya adalah untuk membangunkan spiritualitas mahasiswa peserta kuliah agama yang mungkin masih “tidur” sehingga terjadi keseimbangan antara rasionalitas sains dan filsafat yang diperoleh dari kegiatan intrakurikuler di dalam kelas, dengan spritualitas esoteric agama yang diperoleh dari kegiatan kokurikuler ITB SC. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan kegiatan ITB Spiritual Camp dalam menyeimbangkan aspek rasionalitas dengan aspek spiritualitas esoteric agama mahasiswa guna meningkatkan gairah keberagamaan, dan menopang perwujudan mahasiswa berkepribadian bijaksana, militant, non-radikal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dekriptif ekplanatoris Pendekatan analisis adalah pendekatan sainstific psikologi Pendidikan, pendekatan teologis, dan pendekatan filosofis. Sumber data berasal dari Pembina masjid Salam, dosen Pembina, para mentor, dan mahasiswa peserta ITB SC. Instrumen penelitian adalah wawancara mendalam observasi partisipan, dan angket.

Keyword: ITB Spiritual Camp; Rasionalitas; Spiritualitas; gairah keberagamaan; bijaksana
MEMAHAMI PENGEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI DAN PRODUK INDUSTRI PROSES DARI TAHAP RISET KE TAHAP KOMERSIAL: STUDI KASUS PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI FERCAF
Authors: Kresnowati Made Tri Ari Penia , Bindar Yazid
Published: September 2021

Technology and products are developed based on innovation, through sequential stages from basic research tocommercialization. The concept of Technology Readiness Level (TRL) defines technology development into nine stages,from idea generation (TRL 1) to the development of technology and products for commercialization (TRL 9). Leaping fromone implementation stage to another in technology development may result in technological valley of death. The processindustry is a group of industries that involve chemical processes in converting raw materials into products via series ofunit processes. Technology development for the process industry can also be defined in stages of technology readinesslevels, by using adapted specific targets for each stage. This paper presents a concept for assessing the development oftechnology for the process industry. A case study on analyzing technology readiness level for the technology developmentfor the Fercaf industry is presented along with factors involved.
COLLABORATION OF THREE STAKEHOLDERS ‘TRISULA’ IN REALIZING THE COMPLETE VILLAGE MAP
Authors: Utami Westi Utami , Permadi Fajar Buyung , Rokhman Taufik Nur
Published: September 2021

The Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN) is targeting the realization of thevalid complete village map. This strategic program is carried out by mapping all land parcels including physical and juridical data so that an accurate land database can be created. This study aimed to analyze collaborations of three stakeholders: Land Office, City/Regency Government, and Village Government in realizing the complete village map. This study was conducted using a qualitative-descriptive method. Data collection was conducted in three ways: interview, secondary data, and observation field. Data analysis was carried out spatially on the main data and supporting data for the complete village map. The results of the study show that collaboration and data sharing (land registration maps, land value zone map, PBB block map, Regional Spatial Planning (Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah - RTRW) map, and detailed Village Letter C map) between the three stakeholders are important variables for building the complete village. This study proves that the collaboration of the three stakeholders is able to accelerate the realization of a complete village database with results that match the requirements and criteria set by the Ministry of ATR/BPN. In addition, the data integration that was carried out can be used to create a one data village, which is expected to be able to provide input for the government in formulating policies.
Three new species of Patrus Aubé with additional records of Gyrinidae from China (Coleoptera, Gyrinidae)
Authors: Liang Zulong , Angus Robert B. , Jia Fenglong
Published: September 2021

Three new species of Patrus Aubé, 1838 are described from China: Patrus hainanensis sp. nov. from Hainan; Patrus jiangxiensis sp. nov. from Jiangxi; Patrus shangchuanensis sp. nov. from Guangdong. Eight species / subspecies of Gyrinidae are recorded from China for the first time: Metagyrinus vitalisi (Peschet, 1923), Orectochilus argenteolimbatus Peschet, 1923, Orectochilus murinus Régimbart, 1892, Patrus haemorrhous (Régimbart, 1892), Patrus marginepennis angustilimbus (Ochs, 1925) from Yunnan; Patrus coomani (Peschet, 1925) from Guangdong; Patrus procerus (Régimbart, 1884) from Guangxi; Patrus annandalei (Ochs, 1925) from Hainan. Additional faunistic data of Gyrinidae from China are provided. A key to Chinese species of Patrus Aubé based on examined specimens from China is given.
Desenvolvimento de dispositivo assistivo para higiene oral baseado em metodologia de projeto participativo
Authors: Martinez Luciana Bolzan Agnelli , Santos Maraísa Alves dos , Silveira Zilda De Castro
Published: September 2021

A Tecnologia Assistiva apresenta impacto positivo no desempenho ocupacional de pessoas com deficiência, incluindo crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral, com evidências de melhora na independência e inclusão social, em contextos de educação, trabalho, lazer e domicílio. Muitos desafios acompanham o desenvolvimento e a implementação de produtos assistivos, sendo que o envolvimento do usuário final é importante para minimizar o abandono e melhorar a usabilidade e funcionalidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um dispositivo assistivo para higiene oral e teste dos protótipos funcionais resultantes junto ao usuário final, a fim de avaliar sua satisfação e propor melhorias a partir de sua opinião. Foi adotada uma metodologia de projeto participativo, denominada Projet8-TA, que apresenta três macroetapas, nas quais há um conjunto de tarefas apoiadas por técnicas de projeto. Para sua aplicação houve parceria entre profissionais da engenharia e da área da saúde e foi selecionada uma adolescente com alterações neuromotoras decorrentes de paralisia cerebral, que participou ativamente do desenvolvimento e teste dos protótipos. A satisfação da participante foi avaliada através da versão brasileira do instrumento padronizado Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfacion with Assistive Tecnology (B-QUEST – 2.0). Os resultados demonstraram potencialidade da metodologia utilizada em relação a: tempo de projeto reduzido, maior interação entre equipe e usuário e maior assertividade na solução técnica do dispositivo assistivo. Além disso, a participação do usuário final foi fundamental para o andamento do projeto e para o desenvolvimento da versão final do dispositivo assistivo.
Educação Especial e Projetos Pedagógicos Curriculares dos cursos de licenciaturas da Universidade Federal do Acre
Authors: Batista Geisa Cristina , Rodrigues Marlene , Denari Fátima Elisabeth
Published: September 2021

Os Projetos Pedagógicos Curriculares das licenciaturas pressupõem formações inspiradas em concepções inclusivas, conforme a legislação vigente. Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar os projetos dos cursos de licenciaturas da Universidade Federal do Acre, quanto aos aspectos facilitadores da formação para o trabalho, com base nos pressupostos da Educação Especial. Seis projetos foram analisados, por meio de estudos descritivos e bibliográficos. Os resultados evidenciaram concepções e perspectivas de práticas inclusivas nos componentes curriculares, nas referências básicas e complementares, bem como nos estágios supervisionados, realizados após a formação em componentes curriculares de Fundamentos da Educação Especial e da Língua Brasileira de Sinais. A formação docente foi uma proposta advinda dessas análises, visando à incorporação dos pressupostos da Educação Especial às práticas educativas dos professores da Educação Superior. Os documentos legais que davam suporte a alterações nesse sentido datam de 2015. Entretanto, em 2019, o advento de alterações nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a formação docente constitui um desafio para outras alterações nos projetos desses cursos.