bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bias and error in modelling thermochronometric data: resolving a potential increase in Plio-Pleistocene erosion rate
Authors: Willett Sean D. , Herman Frédéric , Fox Matthew , Stalder Nadja , Ehlers Todd A. , Jiao Ruohong , Yang Rong
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Thermochronometry provides one of few methods to quantify rock exhumation rate and history, including potential changes in exhumation rate. Thermochronometric ages can resolve rates, accelerations, and complex
histories by exploiting different closure temperatures and path lengths
using data distributed in elevation. We investigate how the resolution of an exhumation history is determined by the distribution of ages and their
closure temperatures through an error analysis of the exhumation history
problem. We define the sources of error, defined in terms of resolution,
model error and methodological bias in the inverse method used by Herman et
al. (2013) which combines data with different closure temperatures and
elevations. The error analysis provides a series of tests addressing the
various types of bias, including addressing criticism that there is a
tendency of thermochronometric data to produce a false inference of faster
erosion rates towards the present day because of a spatial correlation bias. Tests based on synthetic data demonstrate that the inverse method used by Herman et al. (2013) has no methodological or model bias towards increasing erosion rates. We do find significant resolution errors with sparse data, but these errors are not systematic, tending rather to leave inferred erosion rates at or near a Bayesian prior. To explain the difference in conclusions between our analysis and that of other work, we examine other approaches and find that previously published model tests contained an error in the geotherm calculation, resulting in an incorrect age prediction. Our reanalysis and interpretation show that the original results of Herman et al. (2013) are correctly calculated and presented, with no evidence for a systematic bias.
The approximate calculation of the natural frequencies of a Stockbridge type vibration damper and analysis of natural frequencies' sensitivity to the structural parameters
Authors: Yin Qing , Zhao Jianli , Liu Yong , Zhang Yisheng
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Vibration damper is widely used in overhead transmission lines to alleviate aeolian vibration. Its natural frequencies are important parameters for a vibration damper. In this paper, the approximate calculation formulas of natural frequencies of the one-side subsystem of a Stockbridge type vibration damper were derived and the design sensitivity analysis of the natural frequencies was studied using partial differential equations with respect to each concerned parameter including the length of the steel strand, the mass of the counterweight, the eccentric distance, and the radius of gyration of the counterweight. Through a case study that considered a variation of up to ±30 % in the values of the design parameters, the exact calculation and approximate calculation results of the natural frequencies were analysed, and the sensitivity of the vibration damper's natural frequencies to the design parameters was studied. The results show that, within the range of the parameters used in this study, the approximately calculated first-order frequency is lower than the exact values, whereas the approximately calculated second-order frequency is larger than the exact values. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the first-order frequency is highly sensitive to the steel strand's length, whereas it is moderately sensitive to the counterweight's mass and slightly sensitive to the eccentric distance and the gyration radius of the counterweight; the second-order frequency is highly sensitive to the steel strand's length and the gyration radius of the counterweight, moderately sensitive to the counterweight's mass, and slightly sensitive to the eccentric distance. It will provide theoretical guidance and approximate analysis method in engineering for the design of the vibration damper.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kepatuhan Menggunakan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) pada Pekerja Proyek Pembangunan PLTGU Muara Tawar (Persero)
Authors: Azizah Dhesti Nisrina , Pulungan Rafiah Maharani , Utari Dyah , Amrullah Afif Amir
Published: September 2021

Abstrak

Latar belakang: Faktor perilaku merupakan salah satu permasalahan dalam kepatuhan menggunakan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) yang dapat mencegah terjadinya kecelakaan kerja. Teori Lawrence Green menjelaskan bahwa perilaku terdiri atas faktor predisposisi, pendukung, dan pendorong. Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) sudah menjadi sebuah pakaian wajib bagi pekerja, terutama bagi pekerja yang bekerja pada wilayah dengan risiko yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memiliki hubungan dengan kepatuhan penggunaan APD pada pekerja Proyek pembangunan PLTGU Muara Tawar PT. Hutama Karya (Persero).

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan analitik kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang. Populasi penelitian ini pekerja Proyek PLTGU Muara Tawar PT Hutama Karya yang berada di area STG dan HRSG sebanyak 349 pekerja.

Hasil: Hasil yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 9 pekerja tidak patuh dalam menggunakan APD. Hasil analisis statistik menyimpulkan hubungan pada faktor predisposisi  pengetahuan (P=0,005), faktor pemungkin ketersediaan APD (p=0,003), faktor pendorong pengawasan (p=0,11), sementara itu tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan antara variabel usia (p=0,474), sikap (p=0,157), pendidikan (p=1,000) dengan kepatuhan penggunaan APD

Kesimpulan:  Disarankan agar perusahaan dapat konsisten memberikan pemahaman mengenai APD dan tegas dalam kepatuhan penggunaan APD

Kata kunci: kepatuhan APD, Pekerja, APD pada pekerja

Abstract

Background: Behavioral factor is one of the problems in compliance with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) usage which can prevent work accidents. Lawrence Green's theory explains that behavior consists of 3 factors such as predisposing, supporting and driving factors. Personal protective equipment (PPE) has become a mandatory attire for workers, especially for workers who work in high risk areas.

Methods: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that related to the compliance to wear PPE on the workers of the Muara Tawar PT. Hutama Karya (Persero) project. This research type was quantitative analytic with cross sectional design. The population of this study were 349 workers of the Muara Tawar PLTGU PT Hutama Karya project in the STG and HRSG areas.

Result: The results showed that 9 workers (questionnaire) and 32 workers (observation sheets) did not comply to wear PPE. The results of statistical analysis showed a connection to the predisposing factors of knowledge (P = 0.005), the enabling factors for the availability of PPE (p = 0.003), and the driving factors for supervision (p = 0.11) and there was no connection between the variables of age (p = 0.474), attitude (p = 0.157), education (p = 1,000) with compliance to wear PPE.

Conclusion: suggested that companies can consistently provide an understanding PPE and be firm in compliance to wear PPE.

Key Words: compliance PPE, Workers, PPE on Workers
Hubungan Sanitasi Rumah dengan Kejadian Penyakit Common Cold di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bandar Kabupaten Bener Meriah
Authors: Magfirah Afdalul Aan , Muslima Lia , Sabdi M
Published: September 2021

Abtrak

Latar Belakang: Common Cold adalah infeksi yang terjadi di nasofaring dan hidung, salah satu upaya untuk mencegah penyakit Common Cold adalah kebersihan lingkungan rumah atau sanoitasi. Di Aceh jumlah penyakit common cold masuk dalam peringkat pertama dari 10 besar penyakit terbanyak.

Metode: Jenis penelitian ini bersifat diskriptif analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pengujung puskesmas berobat di puskesmas Bandar Kabupaten Bener Meriah sebanyak 138 KK. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling dimana jumlah sampel 58 responden. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 58 responden mayoritas sanitasi rumah responden Tidak Memenuhi Syarat sebanyak 43 responden (74,1%), dan mayoritas kejadian Common Cold sebanyak 40 responden (69,0%). Uji statistik Chi Square dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan sanitasi rumah dengan kejadian common cold diperoleh  p- value  0,000 (P ≤ 0,05). Kesimpulan: Hal ini menunjukkan secara statistis bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara sanitasi rumah dengan kejadian common cold, Disarankan kepada responden agar dapat meningkatkan atau menjaga sanitasi rumah yang sehat sehingga terhindar dari kejadian penyakit common cold.

Kata kunci: Common Cold ,Perilaku Merokok, Sanitasi

 

Abstract

Background: Common cold is a primary infection of the nasopharynx and nose Sanitation is an effort to prevent disease that focuses on activities for the health of the human environment.This type of research is analytic descriptive with cross sectional design.

Method: The population in this study were all patients seeking treatment at the Puskesmas Bandar, Bener Meriah Regency, as many as 138 families. Sampling was carried out using the Slovin formula where the number of samples was 58 respondents. The study was conducted from 25 November to 5 December 2020 using a questionnaire.

Result: The results of this study indicate that of the 58 respondents the majority of respondents' home sanitation does not meet the requirements as many as 43 respondents (74.1%), and the majority of common cold incidents are 40 respondents (69.0%). Based on the results of the Chi Square statistical test and at the 95% level of confidence, it was carried out to determine the relationship between home sanitation and the incidence of common cold, the P value was obtained (P ≤ 0.05).

Conlusion: This shows statistically that there is a significant relationship between home sanitation and common cold.

Key Words: common cold,Smoking Behavior, sanitation.
El trienio criollo bonaerense en perspectiva transatlántica
Authors: Ternavasio Marcela
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo analiza el experimento reformista desplegado en Buenos Aires entre 1821 y 1824, conocido en la historiografía argentina como la “feliz experiencia”. El caso seleccionado formó parte del clima de ideas extendido a escala transatlántica en el marco de las revoluciones liberales europeas. En las reformas aplicadas durante aquel trienio confluyeron diversas vertientes del liberalismo con discursos republicanos e ilustrados. Sus principales objetivos eran modernizar el espacio político, social, económico y cultural y establecer un orden legítimo y estable. Desde una perspectiva de historia política e intelectual, este estudio se concentra en dos focos de análisis. El primero se detiene en la cuestión constitucional y en los lenguajes políticos disponibles en los que se asentó la experiencia reformista rioplatense; el segundo explora los modos de concebir los vínculos entre sociedad y poder político. Ambos focos habilitan a recuperar las íntimas conexiones que exhibió en esos años el gran laboratorio de experimentación que fue el mundo Atlántico y las variaciones que podían adoptar en cada caso los principios revolucionarios, constitucionales y liberales.
Libertad y prohibición. Las oscilaciones de la política comercial española en el Pacífico bajacaliforniano, 1768-1787
Authors: Altable Francisco
Published: September 2021

La península de California fue, durante las décadas finales del siglo XVIII, escenario de una histórica aunque resoluble contradicción: las reformas librecambistas, inauguradas en 1768 por José de Gálvez (visitador general de la Nueva España) en las antiguas provincias que rodeaban el Mar de Cortés, coincidieron en tiempo y espacio con el régimen prohibicionista que impedía cualquier trato comercial con los galeones de Filipinas durante su estratégica escala en territorio californiano, después de la larguísima travesía desde Manila hasta el puerto de Acapulco. La revisión de dicho proceso en el presente artículo, y en particular del paradigmático caso de la fragata San José de Gracia, pone a la vista cómo, al lado de los esfuerzos modernizadores de la corona borbónica en lo relativo a la liberalización del comercio, permanecieron prácticamente intactas otras de naturaleza restrictiva, ligadas a la vieja tradición monopolística de cuño mercantilista.
Dinámicas de construcción temprana de la ciudadanía de la población afrodescendiente en Costa Rica, 1880-1924
Authors: Menjívar Ochoa Mauricio
Published: September 2021

En el artículo se analiza la participación de hombres afrocaribeños como funcionarios en la estructura burocrática del Estado en la provincia de Limón, Costa Rica, en diferentes cargos locales, con el fin de discutir la relevancia de este fenómeno como un antecedente de la construcción de la ciudadanía de los afrodescendientes en dicha provincia en el período 1880-1924. Esto es relevante dado que la normativa impedía a los extranjeros desempeñarse como funcionarios públicos y, sin embargo, en una sociedad racista como la costarricense, hombres afrodescendientes de origen jamaiquino ocuparon dichos cargos. La investigación procura comprender este fenómeno analizando la legislación de la época que regulaba los puestos públicos estudiados, la participación de esta población en dichos puestos, así como el papel que jugaron sus comunidades en el acceso a dicha institucionalidad. A partir de las fuentes disponibles se concluye, preliminarmente, que la incorporación de hombres afrocaribeños a la función pública en Limón corrió de la mano de un doble mecanismo: los esfuerzos comunales por su contratacion, por una parte, y el interés del Estado por contratarles, por otra. También concluye que, si bien la incorporación como funcionarios del Estado no devino automáticamente en la ciudadanía formal, sí abrió espacios para el ejercicio de ciertos derechos destinados, en principio, solamente a los costarricenses.
Misiones católicas, representaciones y fotografía. Claretianos y carmelitas descalzos en el Chocó y Urabá, Colombia (1908-1952)
Authors: Díaz Baiges David
Published: September 2021

En las últimas décadas del siglo XIX y primeras del XX se produjo una importante reactivación de la actividad misional en América Latina. Colombia fue uno de los países en los que, los grupos dirigentes recurrieron a las misiones católicas para la ocupación y control de los territorios que hasta entonces habían escapado al control estatal. Las regiones del Chocó y Urabá del noroccidente colombiano fueron encomendadas a dos órdenes religiosas de origen español, los claretianos y carmelitas descalzos, sobre quienes recayó la tarea de integrar esos territorios y a sus habitantes al cuerpo de la nación. Para ello, debían emprender una tarea “civiliza-dora” que permitiría incorporar a estos territorios y poblaciones, consideradas y representadas como “salvajes” y “primitivas”, al tiempo de la modernidad. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las representaciones que estos religiosos construyeron de la actividad misional, de los territorios de misión y de sus habitantes. Consideramos que, a través de estas representaciones, los religiosos se identificaron como miembros de una “vanguardia civilizadora” frente a unos pueblos y un territorio que necesitaban su accionar para “progresar”. De este modo, a los indígenas los clasificaron como a unos “otros internos” en base a distinciones culturales que los situaban en las antípodas de lo que representaban ser los misioneros, la “civilización”. El análisis lo abordaremos a partir de las fotografías publicadas en distintos medios de propaganda misional durante la primera mitad del siglo XX.
Fogyatékos személyek médiareprezentációja a reklámokban - egy célzott, rövid kutatás bemutatása
Authors: Nagy Zoltána Gréta , Kármán Bianka
Published: September 2021

Háttér és célok: A kutatás során a fogyatékos személyek reklámokban történő megjelenítését vizsgáltuk. A téma aktuális és jelentőségteljes, ugyanis a fogyatékossággal élő személyek reprezentációi egyszerre tükrözik és befolyásolják az érintett populáció adott korban fennálló társadalmi integrációját, felfedik a sztereotípiákat és alakítják azokat (Fraser, 2018).

Módszer: A kutatás során a tartalomelemzés módszerét alkalmazva egy vezető hazai kereskedelmi televíziós csatorna, a TV2 két héten keresztül, főműsoridőben sugárzott reklámanyagát monitoroztuk 2020 januárjában. Kutatási kérdéseink arra irányultak, hogy milyen gyakorisággal, szerepben és milyen típusú fogyatékosság esetén jelennek meg a fogyatékos személyek ezen időszak reklámblokkjaiban az említett csatornán.

Eredmények: A kutatás során összesen megfigyelt, 789 perc 33 másodperc időtartamú reklámanyagban 6 alkalommal, összesen 4 másodperc 48 századmásodperc időtartamban szerepelt fogyatékossággal élő személy. Mindkét reklám kerekesszékes személyt jelenített meg, akik segítségre és gondoskodásra szoruló személyekként szerepeltek a látott reklámokban.

Következtetések: A megfigyelt csatornán és időszakban fogyatékos emberek elenyésző mértékben jelentek meg a sugárzott reklámokban. Ezalatt a kis számú megjelenés alatt is szentimentális retorikában jelentek meg a fogyatékos személyek, mint segítségre szoruló emberek.

Kulcsszavak: a fogyatékosság megjelenítése; fogyatékosság a reklámokban; média és fogyatékosság; médiareprezentáció; fogyatékoskép
Analysis of the taxonomic composition of hydrobionts of several reservoirs of Aksu district, Pavlodar region
Authors: Gabdullin E. , Abrayeva D.
Published: September 2021

Павлодарская область обладает обширным фондом рыбохозяйственных водоемов. Объекты исследований: гидробионты и гидробиоценозы водоемов местного значения Аксуского района, Павлодарской области. Было обследовано 6 водоемов: Озеро Мултак, Озеро Карасевое, Озеро Подкова, Озеро Курекен, Озеро Матень и Протока Жолпак. Было собрано 12 проб зоопланктона, зафиксированого в 10% формалине и 12 проб макрозообентоса зафиксированного в 96 % спирте. Проанализировав собранные материалы можно выявить по зоопланктону в обследованных водоемах встречались представители 9 таксонов, трёх основных групп (Rotifera, Copepoda, Cladocera). По макрозообентосу попадались виды групп личинки двукрылых, моллюски, пиявки, личинки ручейников, личинки поденок, личинки стрекоз, полужесткокрылые. В среднем водоемы соответствуют водоема со средней трофностью по шкале С.П. Китаева.
Pengaruh Pemberian Biochar dan Pupuk Hayati Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)
Authors: Nafi’ah, S.P.,M.P Hanny Hidayati , Ansori Irpan , Nurdiana Dadi
Published: September 2021

Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) merupakan salah satu jenis sayuran yang digemari oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Terdapat banyak jenis makanan di Indonesia banyak yang menggunakan daun pakcoy sebagai bahan makanan utama maupun sebagai pelengkap. Banyaknya kebutuhan pakcoy mengakibatkan harus ditingkatkan produksinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis biochar dan pupuk hayati yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman pakcoy. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Kampung Baruparos Desa Sirnajaya, Kecamatan Tarogong Kaler, Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai dengan Juni 2021. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial 4 x 4 yang diulang sebanyak dua kali. Faktor pertama dosis biochar (B) yang terdiri dari 4 taraf perlakuan, yaitu: b1 = 0 ton/ha, b2 = 3 ton/ha, b3 = 6 ton/ha, dan b4 = 9 ton/ha. Faktor kedua yaitu pemberian konsentrasi pupuk hayati (H) terdiri dari 4 taraf, yaitu: h0 = 0 ml/l air, h1 = 5 ml/l air, h2 = 10 ml/l air, dan h3 = 15 ml/l air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat interaksi antara biochar dan pupuk hayati terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman pakcoy. Secara mandiri, dosis biochar 6 dan 9 ton/ha dan konsentrasi pupuk hayati 15 ml/l memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman pakcoy.
Cepillando la historia a contrapelo: un análisis decolonial de la lucha indígena misak
Authors: Dávila Carlos Alberto
Published: September 2021

La lucha indígena en el departamento del Cauca (Colombia) ha significado el mayor proceso de resistencia étnica que se ha generado en la historia del país. Es por ello que este artículo muestra una realidad geosociohistórica que sigue transformando el orden estatal, confrontando y tensionando el viejo orden moderno que desde el siglo XIX se constituyó en cimiento de la realidad de la nación colombiana. A raíz de lo anterior, esta experiencia investigativa tiene un enfoque etnográfico hermenéutico, permitiéndose con ello acercarse a la comunidad indígena misak, ubicada en dicho departamento y la cual ha hecho parte de la resistencia indígena con el fin de recuperar la tierra, el territorio, así como derrotar el colonialismo y la colonialidad, fenómenos que determinaron de manera histórica la inferioridad, la opresión y la subalternización de esta comunidad.
Calculation of the cost-effectiveness
of subcutaneous administration
of trastuzumab
Authors: Omarova I. M. , Nurketaeva J. O. , Dorogan D. D.
Published: September 2021

Rational selection of medicines with an assessment of

their pharmacoeconomic effectiveness is the most effective

way to ensure safe and efficient treatment and economical

use of budget funds allocated for drug therapy, as well as to

reduce the time of hospitalization and treatment of patients.

The purpose of the research was to evaluate the pharmacoeconomic effectiveness of using the subcutaneous and

intravenous forms of drug Trastuzumab.

Research tasks:

1. Estimate costs when using subcutaneous trastuzumab in an outpatient chemotherapy room (OCR).

2. Estimate costs when using intravenous trastuzumab

in a day patient department (DPD)

3. Estimate costs when using intravenous trastuzumab

in a round-the-clock hospital

Results: The paper presents the pharmacoeconomic

analysis of targeted therapy with trastuzumab in two forms

for intravenous (IV) administration and trastuzumab emtansine for subcutaneous (SC) administration in breast cancer

by cost minimization method.

The costs include the cost of used drugs according to the

price-list of the unified national distributor SK Pharmacia as

of January 1, 2018.

At comparable efficacy and toxicity, the estimated

cost-effectiveness of trastuzumab per 100 patients per year

is KZT16,939,600 ($50,972) for SC administration in OCR and

IV administration in DPD vs. KZT41,783,200 ($125,728) for SC

administration in OCR and IV administration in a round-theclock hospital.
The use of in vivo dosimetry within the
combined treatment of uterine body
cancer
Authors: Sukhina O. M. , Sukhin V. S. , Radzishevska Y. B. , Sіmbіrova A. S.
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Radiotherapy is the standard post-surgery

treatment in patients with uterine cancer. However, radiotherapy affects 90.0–100.0% of the volume of risk organs. Information on the actual dose delivered to critical structures is needed

to ensure the quality of radiotherapy.

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact

of the type of ionizing radiation on the dose load on the rectal

mucosa using in vivo dosimetry.

Results: At the first and tenth sessions of treatment using a

cobalt apparatus, the in vivo dosimetry showed that the minimum value of the dose received during the tenth cycle was

higher by 0.1 Gy. That is, the deviations from the planned dose

were less at the same maximum values. Both the average value

and the median during the tenth cycle were also moderately

higher. The relative difference between the dose planned and

received during the tenth cycle was higher than during the first

cycle by an average of 1.12575%, with a median of 0.82214.

When conducting radiotherapy using a linear accelerator, the

average and median values were higher in the second measurement despite almost identical minimum and maximum

values. The relative difference between the planned and received doses during the tenth cycle was higher than during

the first cycle by an average of 0.55619%, with a median of

0.42948.

Conclusion: The conducted study showed an intro- and

interindividual variability of in vivo dosimetry results during

radiotherapy of genital cancer patients. In vivo dosimetric

control showed that the relative difference between the doses

calculated and received by the rectal mucosa upon reaching of

20.0 Gy dose in comparison to the first irradiation cycle were

twice higher on the ROCUS-AM cobalt apparatus vs. the Clinac

600 C linear accelerator.

The data obtained during the investigation indicates the

need to develop innovative approaches to topometric preparation of genital cancer patients and to continue their dosimetric monitoring to establish the causes of discrepancies in the

results.
Lung cancer in Kazakhstan:
age-gender features
Authors: Kaidarova D. R. , Shatkovskaya O. V. , Zholdybay Zh. Zh. , Zhylkaidarova A. Zh. , Panina A. S.
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Over the years, lung cancer (LC) remains

the leading cause of cancer deaths in Kazakhstan. In

2018, LC was diagnosed in 3741 people in the RK, and

2377 dies from LC.

The purpose of this study was to assess the age-gender characteristics of morbidity and mortality from LC in

Kazakhstan based on statistical and literature data.

Results: The conducted analysis by gender and age

showed a consistent and significant increase in LC mortality in the RK, starting from the age of 40-44 years. The

highest incidence and mortality were registered in the age

groups of 65-69 years and 70+ years. In general, in all age

categories, the incidence and mortality in men exceeded

the incidence and mortality in women by 4.5–5.3 times.

The highest mortality in men and women of all ages was

registered in 2009 (34.3‰₀₀ and 6.9‰₀₀, respectively), the

lowest – in 2019 (20.8‰₀₀ in men and 4.6‰₀₀ in women).

Conclusions: The results of the assessment can be

used to improve early diagnosis of LC and in the preparation of national screening programs and regional pilot

projects for LC prevention and the identification of risk

groups. The use of the results will contribute to increasing

the effectiveness of treatment, improving the five-year

survival of patients, reducing the level of neglect and mortality from LC.
The role of A.N. Syzganov
and N.F. Kramchaninov
in the study of epidemiology, etiology,
and prevention of cancer
Authors: Dynjak А. К.
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Many issues of cancer epidemiology are not

resolved, the incidence remains high. In 1960, Kazakhstani scientists studied the regional features of skin cancer. Many questions and conclusions which modern scientists have come to in

the world have been previously studied and resolved in detail by

domestic researchers. It is worth to analyze this data, expand its

academic circulation, use it in science and practice, and specify

the possibilities for resolving cancer prevention issues.
Diagnostics and treatment of hemodynamic
disorders in cancer patients:
current trends and own experience
Authors: ARYNOV A. A. , SHAPATOVA N. Z. , SMAGINA I. М.
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Hemodynamic disorders occupy a central position among pathological syndromes in patients receiving intensive care. Still, their diagnostics and treatment are sometimes delayed, and hemodynamic parameters and types of blood

circulation are misinterpreted. This adds to the severity of such disorders and increases mortality.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the diagnostics and treatment of hemodynamic disorders in cancer patients.

Results: The applied methods of clinical diagnostics and non-invasive monitoring of hemodynamic parameters correlated

well with invasive monitoring methods and have proven useful in the everyday practice of intensive care.

Conclusion: A combination of methods of clinical diagnosis of hemodynamic disorders and with modern non-invasive

methods of measuring central hemodynamics parameters allows for earlier and more accurate diagnostics and correction of

hemodynamic disorders in the perioperative period in cancer patients.
The role of A.N. Syzganov and
N.F. Kramchaninov in the study of epidemiology,
etiology, and prevention of cancer
Authors: DYNYAK А. К.
Published: September 2021

Many issues of cancer epidemiology are not resolved; the incidence remains high. In 1960, Kazakhstani scientists studied

the regional features of skin cancer. Many questions and conclusions which modern scientists have come to in the world have

been previously studied and resolved in detail by domestic researchers. It is worth to analyze this data, expand its academic

circulation, use it in science and practice, and specify the possibilities for resolving cancer prevention issues.
Immediate results of electrochemotherapy for
malignant tumors of the skin and soft tissues,
cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases
of melanoma
Authors: TULEUOVA D. A. , SERIKBAEV G. A. , KURMANALIEV A. K. , PYSANOVA J. U. , NAJIBULO Sh. P. , VOSKANYAN E. A.
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Surgical removal of locally advanced forms of skin cancer and multiple cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases of melanoma does not always provide satisfactory aesthetic, functional, and long-term results. The treatment outcomes

depend on the size, shape, location, and some other characteristics of the tumor. The relapse rate after surgical removal of

locally advanced skin cancer is 12.5-34%, and the long-term survival of patients with cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases

of melanoma does not exceed 30%. Cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases of melanoma and some superficial tumors are

usually initially inoperable. Their complications such as bleeding, infection, pain, and pitting cause serious clinical problems

and often require local therapy even at the 4th stage of the disease.

Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is one of the modern treatment methods for skin cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, and metastatic

melanoma. ECT is a treatment of choice in the presence of contraindications to surgical and radiation therapy. ECT combines

the physical properties of current-induced electroporation with the chemical properties of chemotherapeutic drugs. In this

method, an electric current affecting the tissue causes a temporary increase in cell membrane permeability, thereby providing

free access to the cell of large molecules, including cytostatic drugs, which are not initially transferred to the cytosol. This significantly increases the potential toxicity of cytostatic drugs.

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the immediate results of ECT in patients with malignant tumors of the skin,

soft tissue, cutaneous, and subcutaneous melanoma metastases.

Results: Since 2017, 27 patients were treated by ECT at the Centre for bone and soft tissue tumors and melanomas of Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology (Almaty, Kazakhstan). After two months, 67% of patients had a complete response

(CR), 26% – a partial response (PR), and 7% had progression of the tumor. Side effects included local edema (n=13, 40%)

which independently disappeared within several days to 2 weeks, local pains (12%) which disappeared within six months in 3%

and within a month after treatment in 11%, and hyperthermia in the early postoperative period in 6% of patients which was

stopped within 10-15 min after the procedure.
Kidney cancer epidemiology in Kazakhstan,
2010-2019
Authors: UMURZAKOV K. , KAIDAROVA D. , APSALIKOV B. , SHALGUMBAYEVA G.
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Kidney cancer is among the most common oncourological malignancies, which incidence is currently growing.

Risk factors for kidney cancer include tobacco smoking, overweight, and a history of hypertension and chronic kidney diseases.

Kidney cancer is twice more often in men than in women.

The purpose was to study the epidemiological trends in Kazakhstan in 2010-2019 years.

Results: In the study period, the kidney cancer incidence increased from 5.64 to 6.74, and mortality decreased from 2.65 to

1.96 per 100 000 population. Both unadjusted and standardized incidence was high at the age of 50-69 years in both sexes.

The incidence decreased in the age group below 29, was stable at the age of 30-49, was unstable at the age of 50-69, and was

growing at 70 years and above. Unadjusted mortality was high at the age of 70 and above. Standardized mortality was high

at the age of 50-69.

Conclusion: In Kazakhstan, in 2010-2019, there was an increase in kidney cancer incidence against the background of a

decrease in mortality from this disease. The most unfavorable in terms of incidence was the age group of 50-69 years in both

sexes. The highest absolute mortality was registered at the age of 70 and above, while standardized mortality rates were the

highest at 50-69.
The peculiarities
of emotional and mental resources
of the Republic of Kazakhstan
cancer service medical workers
Authors: KHUSAINOVA I. , NADIRBEKOVA A. , BAIBATYR N.
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Medical workers render assistance in conditions of constant increased emotional stress. They experience various psychological problems, a decrease in emotional and mental resources. A marked decrease in medical workers’ emotional

resources makes it difficult to establish psychological contact with the patient, complicates patient interaction and providing

the necessary emotional support, and adversely affects the preservation of medical workers’ emotional stability, psychological

reliability, and professional image.

The study aimed to reveal the peculiarities of emotional and mental resources of cancer clinic medical workers.

Results: The study showed that a successful professional activity of a medical worker requires such psychic features as a

high level of communicative competence in dealing with patients and their relatives; a medical worker’s independence and

autonomy, self-confidence, and stability in various situations, combined with flexible behavior in changing non-standard professional situations; a high degree of resistance to stress, emotional and informational overload; the presence of developed

adaptation and compensation mechanisms.

Conclusion: The formedness of a medical worker’s mental self-regulation methods and techniques, mastering psychological and emotional adaptation and compensation mechanisms contribute to the development and formation of high emotional stability, the ability to withstand stress, and increase job satisfaction.
Radiation diagnostics of peripheral primitive
neuroectodermal tumors (PNET)
in children at the Scientific Center
of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery
(Almaty, Kazakhstan)
Authors: IBRAGIMOV U. , SARGELOV S. , ENSEPBAEV M. , TAYNEKOVA A.
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (primitive neuroectodermal tumor – PNET) belongs to the group

of malignant tumors that develop from migrating embryonic neural crest cells. PNET includes several nosological forms: Askin’s

tumor, esthesioneuroblastoma, the very peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and Ewing’s sarcoma. PNET accounts for

3–9% of all soft tissue tumors and 19% of all soft tissue sarcomas in children. In Europe and the US, PNETs account for 3.4 cases

per year per 1 million children below 15 years; in Kazakhstan – 0.6-1.2 cases per 1 million child population. Rapid tumor growth,

malignancy, and early metastasis to other organs and systems predetermine the PNET’s specific role in oncology.

The purpose of the study was to improve the quality and availability of early sarcoma diagnostics in children at medical

institutions of the general medical network.

Results: 35 cases of peripheral PNET in children were analyzed. The age of the patients was 1.5 to 17 years, the average age –

9.3 years. Boys were 1.3 times more than girls. One patient (3.6%) had extra-skeletal tumor localization. Children with stage IIB

prevailed – 46.4% of cases (13 children).

Radiographical differentiation between Ewing’s sarcoma and primary chronic or “healed” (antibiotic) acute hematogenous

osteomyelitis in the initial phase of the process is almost impossible before the extraosseous soft tissue component is formed.

The bone damage process is more often localized in the bone diaphysis and subsequently spreads to its metaphyses.

Conclusion: PNET is more likely to come from the chest wall, so it is advisable to start the X-ray examination from the chest.

In terms of radiation semiotics, PNET is similar to Ewing’s sarcoma and Askin’s tumor; therefore, an additional immunohistochemical study of the tumor tissue is required. An important indirect diagnostic criterion in Ewing’s sarcoma is the predominance of the soft tissue component over the bone manifestations. Extended CT and MRI studies with contrast enhancement

(chest, abdominal cavity, pelvis, and the primary lesion area) and skeletal scintigraphy are required to clarify the extent of

changes, stage the tumor accurately, and assess the tumor dynamics after treatment. The above conclusions generally confirm

the available literature data.
Retorisk praksis
Authors: Kock Christian
Published: September 2021

”Det vi kan opnå med argumenter i politisk debat, er alene at kaste lodder i en vægtskål, sådan at vor sag – i hvert fald hos nogle af dem vi taler til – virker mere tungtvejende end modpartens.” Retorisk praksis handler om retorik som praktisk udøvelse af sproget. Fordi retorikken handler om frembringelse – ikke kun beskrivelse – af tekster til brug i praksis, er den retoriske argumentationsteori ikke kun deskriptiv, men også normativ; den er et bud på en utopisk norm for samfundsdiskurs. Retorisk praksis er en antologi med artikler – fra forskningsartikler over aviscauserier til humoristiske foredrag – om retorik, om tekstkvaliteter, om at arbejde med tekster, om at undervise i tekster og ikke mindst om retorikkens plads og rolle i den offentlige debat og i medierne.
Host spectrum, reproduction, and survival of Neochetina eichhorniae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) - A potential natural enemy for controlling water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)
Authors: Nguyen Dat T.
Published: September 2021

Neochetina eichhorniae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a natural enemy of water hyacinth and its morphology as well as biology has been investigated previously. In this study, the host range of N. eichohorniae was examined using the following 7 groups of plants: Pontederiaceae (water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes; hastate-leaf pondweed, Monochoria hastata); food crops (rice, Oryza sativa; maize, Zea mays; sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas and cassava, Manihot esculenta); vegetables (cucumber, Cucumis sativus; mustard greens, Brassica juncea; turnip, Raphanus sativus; water spinach, Ipomoea aquatica; pepper elder, Peperomia pellucida; cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. capitata); herbaceous (boat lily, Tradescantia discolor, gotu kola, Centella asiatica, purple-heart, Tradescantia pallida); fruits (mango, Mangifera indica; longan, Dimocarpus longan; rambutan, Nephelium lappaceum); water plants (sacred lotus, Nelumbo nucifera; red water lily, Nymphaea rubra, yellow bur-head, Limnocharis flava) and industrial plants (sugarcane, Saccharum ssp.; peanut, Arachis hypogaea). The N. eichohorniae was found to be the only survivor that developed and completed its life cycle on water hyacinth. The N. eichohorniae caused only minimal damage to hastate-leaved pondweed and its life cycle was not completed on this weed. When fed with water hyacinth, N. eichohorniae female produced 358.9 eggs on average and the egg-laying period was 16 weeks. Forty three percent of eggs were laid from the 5th to the 8th weeks after females emerged from cocoons. The hatchability of N. eichohorniae eggs was 75.2% and 66.8% of the larvae could survive and became pupae. Approximately 79.1% of the pupae emerged as adults. Among the adults, the female ratio was 48.7%. These results indicated that N. eichohorniae could be considered as a natural enemy to be used for biological control of water hyacinth.
Survey and identification of palm tree species at some ornamental plant stores and nurseries in Ho Chi Minh City and using palm trees in garden design
Authors: Duong Tien. T. M.
Published: September 2021

The study was conducted from June to September 2020 in Ho Chi Minh City. This research aimed to identify the palm species and incorporate them into the garden design. To investigate the species, 85 ornamental plant stores and nurseries were surveyed in Go Vap district, District 7 and at Highway 22. Then, morphological comparison method was used for plant species classification. According to the analyses, this region had 25 species belonging to 22 genera in the Arecaceae family. Twenty two of the 25 species surveyed were imported and 03 being native to the area. The majority (68%) was solitary-stemmed palms, with the remaining 08 species having clustered trunks (32%). To incorporate palm trees into the garden design, Sketch-up, Lumion, and Photoshop software were used.
Integration of GIS and Markov chain model for land use change assessment: A case study in the upstream Ba river basin, Gia Lai province
Authors: Nguyen Huyen T.
Published: September 2021

Ba river is the biggest river system in the South-Central Coast of Vietnam and plays a significant role in the socio-economic development of the region. Recently, land-use changes in Gia Lai province have been significantly transformed. Hence, to provide the information for land-use planning, there is an urgent need for land-use change assessment in the upstream Ba river basin. This study employed the Markov chain coupled with GIS to assess land-use changes between 2010 - 2015 and 2015 - 2020 periods. The results showed that during the period 2010 - 2015, there was no significant conversion of agricultural and reserve forest land. Meanwhile, a large proportion of unused (86%) and water and aquacultural land (57.5%) was converted into the other land-use types. Between 2020 and 2015, unused land decreased while the surface water and aquacultural land increased. The forest land accounted for a significant area (51.16%) during the 2015 - 2020 period. In addition, the driving forces leading to these changes were also analyzed, providing a more comprehensive of land-use change in the study area. In general, GIS and Markov were suitable for assessing land-use change. This study outcomes provide a general framework for land-use planning in Gia Lai province.
Estructura de la Regla de San Agustín (IX)
Authors: Luis Vizcaíno Pío de
Published: September 2021

.
Sobre la licitud de la venta de mercancías a los infieles
Authors: Jericó Bermejo Ignacio
Published: September 2021

.
Estructura de la Regla de San Agustín (XII)
Authors: Luis Vizcaíno Pío de
Published: September 2021

.
Ecología ¿ciencia o aguafiestas? (II)
Authors: Rubio Carracedo Florentino
Published: September 2021

.
Comentario a la Genealogía de la Moral de Nietzsche
Authors: Maza Bazán Pedro
Published: September 2021

.
La amistad en Epicuro
Authors: Antolín Sánchez Javier
Published: September 2021

.
La pertinacia del hereje
Authors: Jericó Bermejo Ignacio
Published: September 2021

.
El “Yo no condicionado" y el “Yo condicionado”= “Natura” y “Natura Vitiata”
Authors: Morán Fernández José
Published: September 2021

.
La Iglesia no juzga las interioridades
Authors: Jericó Bermejo Ignacio
Published: September 2021

.
La censura de los libros de Saturnino Calleja
Authors: Resines Llorente Luis
Published: September 2021

.
Design and Stability Analysis of a proposed Microgrid for on Campus Diesel and Photovoltaic Power Sources
Authors: Khan Muhammad Iftikhar , Amir Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Pakistan is currently facing an energy crisis that is detrimental to its growth. Due to persistent load shedding by the National Grid throughout the country, the latest trend is tilting towards generating power at localized level through a mix of renewable and conventional energy sources. Such a mixture is referred to as Distributed Energy Resource (DER). Part of such a DER (i.e. solar energy) is free as naturally and mostly available in Pakistan having no degradation problem while providing benefit to the locality. The idea of using a Microgrid for our local power needs morphed accordingly. In this paper, a Microgrid design for our local campus i.e. University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar, KPK is proposed. Our campus generators are not interconnected. Consequently, even while servicing small load periods, all of our campus’s diesel generators run at full capacity at the same time. Such a behavior is uneconomical, unacceptable and the generators run at low efficiency during islanding from the main utility grid. It is seen that behavior as such is endemic throughout Pakistan. Through design and analysis, it is proposed that if a Microgrid of such unconnected resources on campus is formed then during islanding, all generators and our Photovoltaic (PV) systems will economically and efficiently feed their common loads through load sharing. Synchronization, load flow analysis, short circuit analysis, harmonic analysis, transient stability, cost and reliability of our proposed Microgrid is analyzed using ETAP (Electrical Transient Analyzer Program) in this paper.
Islamic Injunctions on Prisoner’s Immunity and Termination of captivity in War: The Case Study of Afghanistan
Authors: Ramzan Muhammad Tariq , Hayat Amir , Rabia Hafiza Sumera
Published: September 2021

Afghanistan remained an arena for international powers for the last two centuries. The climax period of the militant activities in this soil was from September 2001 to August 2021. Millions of human entities took part in this escalation and a large number of human fabric became captive by the detaining powers during this period. At the end of the armed climax, the emerging political & military coalition on this soil declared its stance about the method of governance after 15 August 2021 which would be based upon Islamic resources. In the perspective of this armed conflict, the question of prisoner’s immunity and termination of captivity in war attracted the attention of global powers. What options be available to prisoners of war about termination of war captivity under Islamic International Humanitarian Law (IIHL) and Conventional International Humanitarian Law (CIHL), is the mainstay of this paper. To answer the question, Islamic jurisprudence provides five methods to dissolve the detention and captivity in war. These methods are respectively freedom gratis, ransom, exchange of prisoners of war, execution, and enslavement. According to Islamic military guidance, freedom gratis remains the general practice in entire Islamic military history. Contrary to it, Ransom and exchange of prisoners of war were occasionally utilized and not the general practice in the entire military history of Islam. The execution and enslavement were pre-Islamic methods and practices. A set of Islamic injunctions were revealed to reform them (Execution & Enslavement) and hence they have been invoked as the source of reference in Islamic prudential literature. Along with, principles of conventional international humanitarian law are also associated with this discourse. Under these facts, this paper is a strenuous effort to embark on the solution of the matter which would be acceptable to all stakeholders regarding Afghanistan.
Relações Terapêuticas da Iluminação
Authors: Cristina Lott Daré Ana
Published: September 2021

O ser humano precisa de luz por todo lado. Luz que desperte as forças positivas e influencie o ritmo circadiano. A escuridão deprime. A luz é importante para ver e perceber. Produz um efeito biológico que tem sido estudado cientificamente, sendo implementado em projetos reais, visto ser um estímulo que mais influencia a percepção humana, mas também o bem-estar psicofísico do indivíduo na sua vida cotidiana. Este paper analisa a utilização do efeito de céu estrelado com a tecnologia da fibra ótica, em espaços de saúde no Brasil, investigando as relações entre emoções e comportamentos baseados na luz e nos aspectos psicofísicos de respostas ao ambiente iluminado em diferentes contextos. O resultado obtido foi a mudança de comportamento dos utilizadores do espaço que demonstraram uma melhoraria na saúde e bem-estar, quando expostos à luz num determinado ambiente (iluminação saudável), conseguindo definir uma abordagem "ecológica" da percepção de luz e da iluminação na vida humana.