bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of RAPD Marker Linked to Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus Resistance in French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Ravishankar K V , Aghora T S , Mohan N , Naveen A H , Krishnareddy M
Published: August 2023

Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) causes yield loss up to 80 % and is becoming problematic in French bean growing areas. Molecular marker linked selection to MYMV resistance is helpful in rapid identification of genotypes carrying resistant genes. Hence, the present study was undertaken to identify the RAPD marker associated with MYMV resistance in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) was used to identify RAPD marker linked to MYMV resistance. More than 140 random decamers were surveyed for identification of polymorphic markers between the DNA bulks of resistant and susceptible F2 individuals and their contrasting parents. Ninety eight per cent of these primers amplified DNA in both parents and bulks. Twenty two primers produced specific bands for resistant parent which was absent in the susceptible parent. Out of 22 primers, four primers produced specific fragments viz., OPG 13458, OPX 5670, OPW 17380 and OPP 07730, respectively in resistant parent and bulk, which were absent in susceptible parent and bulk. Amplification of individual DNA samples of segregating F2 resistant individuals using putative marker, OPP 07730, a decamer revealed polymorphism in all four resistant and four susceptible F2 segregants, indicating that the marker OPP 07730 was associated with MYMV resistance in IC-525260, a resistant genotype.
Studies on Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Chrysanthemum
Authors: Baskaran V , Jayanthi R , Janakiram T , Abirami K
Published: August 2023

Studies on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance were carried out among ten genotypes of chrysanthemum for characters to identify elite genotypes to be used in breeding programme. The results showed high phenotypic and genotypic co-efficient of variation for traits like number of suckers per plant (GCV=90.13; PCV=95.67) and flower disc diameter (GCV=63.19; PCV=66.76). High heritability values were obtained for all the characterister except number of sprays per plant and plant spread. In high heritability estimate coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for number of suckers per plant (174.91), flower disc diameter (123.23) and number of flowers per plant (114.81). It was observed that heritable variability in the breeding materials characters like number of suckers per plant, flower disc diameter, number of flowers per plant, flower weight, yield per plant and number of ray florets could be exploited for improvement through crop breeding programme.
Genetic Variability in Gladiolus for Growth and Flowering Characters (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.)
Authors: Kumar P Hemanth , Kulkarni B S
Published: August 2023

Gladiolus Sylvia x Melody exhibited early corm-sprouting (6.82 days). The hybrid Melody x Summer Sunshine (84.63 cm), followed by American Beauty x Pricella (84.12 cm) were tall. Maximum stem girth was observed in American Beauty x Summer Sunshine (35.31 mm), followed by Vedanapoli x Magic (33.71mm) and American Beauty x Melody (33.47 mm). Number of leaves per plant was higher in Melody x Magic (9.62), followed by Salvia x Magic (9.49) and Melody x Vedanapoli (9.42). The length was maximum (67.32 cm) in Melody x Summer Sunshine followed by Summer Sunshine x Pricella (67.57 cm), American Beauty x Vedanapoli (67.00 cm) and Vedanapoli x Pricella (66.06 cm). The hybrid Salvia x Melody was earliest to initiate flower bud (60.58 days) and first floret opening (69.04 days). The total duration of flowering was maximum in Vedanapoli x Magic.
Characterization and Evaluation of a Rare Orchid Renanthera imschootiana Rolfe from Manipur & Nagaland
Authors: Devadas R , Upadhyaya R C , Khatiwara P
Published: August 2023

The orchid Renanthera imschootiana Rolfe is the only species under the genus available in India at Manipur and Nagaland, which is a part of Indo-Burma mega diversity hot-spot. The only collection, NRCO-Coll-77 (1998)/IC 566525 of this species available with us was evaluated and characterized as per 'Common Descriptors of Orchids' developed at this center. Monopodial nature in habit, un-branched raceme with a length of 32.2 cm having attractive dominant red-purple (RHS-60A) flowers and petals coloured grayed orange (RHS-164C) with shade is typical of this species. Broad, lateral sepals with attractive dominant crimson/red purple colour flower having medium-range vase life of 23.7 days, imparts high breeding value to this species for developing new hybrid derivatives.
Evaluation of Annual Statice (Limonium sinuatum L.) Cultivars
Authors: Nataraj S K , Gangadharappa P M , Reddy B S , Naik K B , Prashanth S J , Prakash D P
Published: August 2023

A field study was conducted during rabi season of 2003-2004 to evaluate the potential of statice cultivars as cut flower crop in the field of Department of Floriculture and Landscape Gardening, K.R.C. College of Horticulture, Arabhavi. The experiment was laid out as a Randomised Block Design with four replications. The panicles of each variety were harvested when calycys of individual flower have mostly opened and showing colour. The cultivar Turbo White recorded maximum plant height (21.78 cm), panicle length (80.94 cm), stem diameter (0.61 cm), no. of leaves (186.60), maximum fresh weight of panicles (530.09 g/plant), plant spread 62.15 cm2 and remained superior over others. The results are in agreement with the findings of Angadi (2000) in China aster. Maximum panicle production per plant (25.64) was recorded in cv. Turbo White, which was on par with the cultivar Turbo Carmine (22.54). The results were in line with the findings of Kumar et al. (1998) in annual statice Turbo White. The cultivar Turbo White was good in quality parameters by recording maximum panicle length, girth and number of branches per panicle. It was also vigorous in vegetative growth. Therefore, the cultivar could produce better quality panicles and found to be suitable for semi arid regions.
Assessment of Post Harvest Losses in Banana Grown in Gujarat
Authors: Davara P R , Patel N C
Published: August 2023

The present investigation was undertaken to assess post harvest losses (at field, traders' and processors' level) in Gujarat. The effect of various ripening methods on post harvest losses in five varieties viz., Robusta, Grande Naine, Sona, Mahalaxmi and Shreemanthi were determined. The study revealed that overall post harvest loss in banana after harvesting till ripening was found to be 15.43%, which included losses at field level (0.77%), at trader's level comprising of transportation and handling losses (5.86%) as well as ripening losses (8.80%). Only negligible losses were observed during processing of banana. The highest loss (16.00%) was observed in the case of smoking + room temperature method of ripening, while the lowest (4.66%) was observed under ethephon + air-cooled chamber method. Ethephon + ice treatment method resulted in ripening loss to the tune of 7.43%, but the method was most widely adopted in Gujarat owing to its convenience and better appearance of bananas after ripening.
Varietal Evaluation for Yield and Yield Parameters of Ber under Semi-Arid Region of West Bengal
Authors: Tarai R K , Ghosh S N
Published: August 2023

An experiment was conducted in a private orchard 5 km away from Regional Research Station, Bidhan Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, during 2004-2005 to study fruit drop, retention, maturity and fruit yield of ten cultivars of ber. Among ten cultivars studied, cv. Kaithali took a minimum of 6 days to attain flower bud development while, in cv. Jogia, it was 13 days. Period from fruit-set to fruit maturity in different cultivars varied from 130 to 160 days. The time of harvest in different cultivars of ber was from third week of December to third week of March. Maximum fruit-drop occurred at 15 and 30 days after fruit-set and, subsequently, decreased up to maturity. The total fruit-drop percentage varied from 66.5 (cv. Gola) to 92.5 (cv. Illaichi). Similarly, final fruit-retention in different cultivars varied from 7.5 in cv. Illaichi to 33.5% in cv. Gola. Cultivar Jogia produced highest fruit yield (111.4 kg plant1), followed by cv. Gola (90.0 kg plant-1) and cv. Seb (81.5 kg plant-1). Lowest average yield was recorded in cv. Mundia (35.3 kg plant-1).
Variability for Qualitative and Quantitative Traits in Glory Lily (Gloriosa superba L.)
Authors: Chitra R , Rajamani K , Jawaharlal M
Published: August 2023

Glory lily (Gloriosa superba L.) is one of the major medicinal plants of India cultivated for its seeds which are exported to developed countries for pharmaceutical use. Identifying germplasm is an important component for efficient and effective management of plant genetic resources. Variability for qualitative and quantitative traits was investigated in 18 genotypes of G. superba collected from different regions of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. For qualitative traits, these genotypes were subjected to diversity analysis based on NBPGR descriptors. Fourteen qualitative and twenty quantitative traits of G. superba were evaluated to assess morphological variations among the genotypes collected. In qualitative traits, a large number of genotypes of the 18 clustered together, at 77% similarity in two clusters. Dendrogram constructed on the basis of twenty quantitative traits for the same set of genotypes did not reveal any clear pattern in grouping, and the genotypes were grouped into seven different clusters. Cluster analysis based on qualitative and quantitative traits revealed a different group of genotypes for each of the data-set. This clearly indicated that less variation existed between genotypes with respect to morphological traits. These easily observable morphological traits are useful tools for preliminary evaluation, because, they offer a fast and reliable approach for assessing extent of diversity in G. superba genotypes.
Effect of Stem Length and Stage of Harvest on Vase-Life of Cut Flowers in Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) Cv. Double
Authors: Varu D K , Barad A V
Published: August 2023

A study was carried out to explore the effect of length of stem and stage of harvest on vase life and display quality of tuberose. As regards stem length, 90 cm stem length (L4) had longest vase life, maximum uptake of water, minimum loss-uptake ratio, maximum fresh weight and percentage of opened florets, and, lowest percentage of abscised floret; whereas, 60 cm stem length (L2) enhanced longevity of individual florets. In the case of stage of harvest, significantly high vase life, least loss of water, minimum loss-uptake ratio and lowest physiological loss of weight were recorded in two-florets open stage (S3). Maximum percentage of opened florets and lowest percentage of abscised florets were observed in three-florets open stage (S4), whereas, maximum uptake of water and fresh weight of spike were seen in one-floret open stage (S2). Interaction effect of stem length and harvest stage was also found to be significant showing that 75 cm of stem length with one-floret open stage (L3S2) was superior for maximum vase life of spike as well as lowest physiological loss of weight.
Enhancing Fruit Yield in 'Ney Poovan' Banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) by De-Navelling and Feeding N, K and S through Distal Stalk-End of the Bunch
Authors: Kotur S c , Keshava Murthy S v
Published: August 2023

De-navelling and feeding ammonium sulphate (AS) (5-25 g/plant) with or without potassium sulphate (2.5-12.5 g/ plant) blended in 500 g of fresh cow-dung and applied to the distal stalk-end of the bunch of 'Ney Poovan' banana (Musa sp. L., AB) showed that the nutrients moved from the blend into the bunch and significantly enhanced weight of the fruits and of the bunch, compared to retention of flower, de-navelling (removal of male inflorescence) and application of 500 g cow-dung only to the excised distal stalk- end of the bunch. De-navelling caused 7.1% (5623 g) higher bunch yield, which increased to 13.9% (5980 g) when cow dung alone was applied after de-navelling. When cow dung was blended with 5 g of AS and 2.5 g of Sulphate of Potash, the response was 66.5% (9362 g) over de-navelling and application of cow dung alone and 78.3% (9362 g) over retention of male bud throughout (5250 g). A significantly higher N content, N uptake, Ndff (nitrogen derived from fertilizer), fertilizer N uptake, utilization of fertilizer and K and S content were observed when cow-dung enriched with AS and SOP was applied. Nitrogen content and all the parameters of N use were distinctly higher in the basal portion of the bunch indicating the flow of the applied nutrients upward from the de-navelled end. Results showed that application of 5 g ammonium sulphate and 2.5 g sulphate of potash blended in 500 g of fresh cow dung to the distal stalk-end of the bunch of 'Ney Poovan' banana was the most promising in boosting the yield, improving the nutritional composition in respect of N, K and S without adversely affecting the fruit quality.
Response of Beet Root Tubers to Gypsum, P Levels, Boron and Iron Sulphate in Salt-Affected Soils
Authors: Sunitha N , Basavaraja P K , Dhananjaya B N
Published: August 2023

A field-experiment was conducted in salt-affected soils of Dodda Seebi tank command area of Tumkur district, Karnataka during rabi season of 2007 to study effect of gypsum, P level, borax and iron sulphate on beet root tuber yield and nutrient uptake. Treatments included two main-plot treatments, viz., M0: Control (without gypsum) and M1: gypsum application @ 9.0 t ha-1 and eight sub-plot treatments, viz., S1: Phosphorus @ 100 kg P2O5 ha-1, S2: Phosphorus @ 150 kg P2O5 ha-1, S3: S1 + Borax @ 5 kg ha-1, S4: S2 + Borax @ 5 kg ha-1, S5: S1 + FeSO5 @ 25 kg ha-1, S6: S2 + FeSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1, S7: S3 + FeSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 and S8: S4 + FeSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1. Recommended N and K were applied to all treatments. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Beet root, a salt-tolerant crop, was sown for testing its performance in salt-affected soils. Significantly higher tuber yield of 12.70 t ha-1 was realized when the crop received gypsum @ 9.0 t ha-1 compared to control (7.73 t ha-1), besides higher nutrient uptake by the tubers. Among the nutrients, application of P at higher level (150 kg P2O5 ha-1) plus recommended NK along with borax and iron sulphate realized higher tuber yield (15.72 t ha-1) as well as nutrients uptake by tubers. Crop that received gypsum in combination with P at a higher level plus recommended NK, along with borax and iron sulphate, resulted in highest tuber yield (19.72 t ha-1) and nutrient uptake.
Long-Term Seed Storage Studies in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
Authors: Doijode S D
Published: August 2023

Radish is an important root vegetable crop widely cultivated for its tender roots as well as for succulent foliage and immature pods which are used largely in salad and in culinary purposes and propagated through seeds. The information on storability as well as on extent of recovery of quality seeds upon conservation is inadequate. Seeds of radish cv. Pusa Reshmi were stored in moisture permeable, semi-impermeable and impermeable containers under different storage conditions for 25 years. Seed longevity was significantly improved from 2 to 25 years with controlled storage condition and it enabled to maintain high seed quality for 25 years. The percentage of seed germination was 88 in seeds stored in moisture impervious container at 5°C and -20°C storage. Seeds stored in moisture semi-impermeable containers also showed fairly high viability (79%) at 5°C storage, while seeds were succumbed to chilling injury when stored in moisture permeable containers. The extent of recovery of viable seeds was 89 per cent at 5°C and 88 per cent at -20°C after 25 years of storage. Seedlings from stored seeds were normal, healthy vigorous and free from morphological variations. Seed storage in radish in laminated aluminium foil pouches at 5°C was effective as well as cost effective in maintaining high viability (89%) for longer period (25 years) and useful in germplasm conservation avoiding thereby frequent growing of crop and genetic erosion.
Incidence of Rodent Pests in Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) and their Management
Authors: Chaudhary Vipin , Tripathi R S
Published: August 2023

Infestation pattern and extent of damage by rodent pests and their management in cumin crop using secondgeneration anticoagulant rodenticides were studied at farmers' fields in Jodhpur district. Monthly trapping throughout the crop season revealed presence of four species, viz., Tatera indica (45.16%), Meriones hurrianae (29.03%), Gerbillus gleadowi and, an arboreal species, Funambulus pennanti (25.81%). Damage to cumin crop was almost on par at the vegetative growth stage and flowering stage, recording 11.00 and 13.50% reduction in plant stand, respectively. Efficacy of two anticoagulant rodenticides viz., difethiaone (0.0025%) and bromadiolone (0.005%) was evaluated by two census methods simultaneously, viz., live burrow count (LBC) and census baiting (CB). Two treatments of either of the anticoagulants, one at vegetative growth and another at flowering stage, resulted in >80% reduction in pest rodent population. Cost:benefit ratio obtained with bromadiolone (0.005%) baiting was 1:10.8. Thus, poison baiting with anticoagulant rodenticides may be practiced twice at (i) vegetative growth and (ii) flowering stage, for effective rodent management in cumin.
Effect of Fertigation on Growth and Yield of Turmeric Cv. Mydukur
Authors: Sadarunnisa Syed , Madhumathi C , Rao G Srinivasa , Sreenivasulu B
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Anantharajupet, to study the effect of fertigation on growth and yield of turmeric to standardize the quantum of fertilizers to be given through fertigation for improving the productivity of turmeric. This experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with 4 replications. The treatments consisted of T1 (100% RDF through drip), T2 (75% RDF through drip), T3 (50 % RDF through drip), T4 (100 % RDF through soil and drip irrigation) and control (100 % RDF through soil and conventional irrigation). RDF, i.e., recommended dose of fertilizers comprised of 180 Kg N, 60 Kg P2 O5 and 120 Kg K2O ha-1. In the case of T1-T3, N and K alone was applied through drip, while, phosphorus was applied as basal dose. Data of three seasons showed that, there was significant difference between farmers' practice and fertigation treatments and it was observed that the treatment in which 100% fertilizers was applied through drip recorded the maximum plant height (99.36 cm), number of tillers per plant (3.41) and fresh rhizome yield (12.24 t acre-1) this was on par with the treatment in which 75% fertilizers were applied through drip. The B:C ratio was highest (1.49) in plants supplied with 75% RDF through drip. This shows that, fertigation with 75% RDF through drip in turmeric is profitable.
Evaluation of Post Harvest Quality of some Cultivars of Chrysanthemum
Authors: Baskaran V , Jayanthi R , Janakiram T , Abirami K
Published: August 2023

A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of ten chrysanthemum cultivars for better post harvest quality under open field condition at University of Agricultural Sceinces, Bangalore. Flowers were harvested at fully open stage or nearly so. The results showed that the maximum stalk girth (0.32 cm) was recorded in Cv. Cassa and the maximum flower diameter (8.14 cm) was recorded in cv. Ravikiran, Cultivar Cassa recorded the maximum flower weight (3.59 g). Maximum number of ray florets were recorded by cv. Nilima (253.2). The maximum length of ray florets were recorded in cv. Ravikiran (3.96 cm). Maximum fresh weight, final weight and water loss (88.33, 40.63 and 47.67g respectively) from the spray type flowers were recorded in cv. Arka Swarna. Longer vase life of 16 days was also recorded in cv. Arka Swarna. Based on the performance studies it was observed that Arka Swarna, Ravikiran, Red gold, Nilima and Arka Ravi performed better post harvest quality and may be selected for cut flower production.
Variability Studies in Palayankodan Ecotypes (AAB Genomic Group) of Banana (Musa Spp.)
Authors: Rajamanickam C , Rajmohan K
Published: August 2023

Six Palayankodan ecotypes of banana belonging to AAB genomic group were evaluated for genetic variability among quantitative traits. Genetic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance were estimated for eighteen traits that included plant height, pseudostem girth, number of leaves per plant, leaf width, number of suckers per plant, days taken from planting to shooting, total crop duration; length, girth, weight and volume of finger; hand weight, bunch weight, number of fingers per bunch, number of fingers per hand, ripe-fruit weight, sugar/acid ratio and pulp weight. Remarkable variability was observed among the collections for these characters. Bunch weight, number of fingers per bunch and number of suckers per plant with very high value of PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance makes it prime traits for direct selection. Plant height, pseudostem girth, total crop duration, sugar:acid ratio, finger length and days taken from planting to shooting with high value of heritability and moderate value of genetic advance. PCV are other important traits which need to be considered for selection. The volume of finger with low values for GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean implies that it is highly influenced by environment and should not be taken as a criterion for selection. Plant height, total crop duration, sugar:acid ratio, finger length, pseudostem girth, number of fingers per bunch and days taken from planting to shooting showed high genetic advance and heritability and important characters to be considered for selection of ecotypes.
Comparative Performance of Mango Varieties Grafted on Vellaikolamban and Mixed Rootstock
Authors: Gawankar M S , Salvi B R , Chavan S A , Dalvi N V
Published: August 2023

Research on rootstock in mango is very limited in our country. Kalapady was reported to be a dwarfing rootstock. Recent trend among mango growers is to high density orcharding with dwarfening nature of the varietie. Efforts were made at Agriculture Research Station, Mulde, to study comparative performance of Ratna, Alphonso and Kesar mango on Vellaikolamban and mixed rootstock i.e., heterozygous seedling stock and the effect of rootstock on a scion under high density of 5m x 5m spacing. Results indicated that use of Vellaikolamban rootstock reduced plant volume in scion cv. Alphonso by 39.1%, followed by 24.9% in Ratna and 26.5% in cv. Kesar. As volume of the canopy was reduced, it directly influenced fruit yield cvs. Alphonso and Ratna. However, reduction in canopy volume had a positive influence on yield in cv. Kesar. Net returns of Rs.38,629/- per ha were maximum for Kesar with the rootstock Vellaikolamban.
High Density Planting in Mango cv. Alphonso
Authors: Dalvi N V , Salvi B R , Chavan S A , Kandalkar M P
Published: August 2023

A trial was conducted to optimize spacing for high density planting in mango cv. Alphonso to obtain higher yield/ unit area at the Agriculture Research Station, Mulde, during 2006-07 to 2008-09 with four close spacings and one normal spacing as control. Highest yield (6.4 MT/ha) was recorded with a spacing of 5 m x 5 m without reduction in fruit size in 10 year old plants compared to the mean yield of 1.12 MT/ha in 10m x 10m normal spacing. High density plantation helped to get significantly higher yield per unit area compared to the normal spacing, without affecting size and quality of mango fruits. The highest cost:benefit ratio (2.33) was recorded in high density plantation of 5m x 5m, with maximum net returns of Rs.1,12,000/- per hectare. The present findings show promise for more yield and returns per unit area during the initial years of mango plantation by adopting 5m x 5m high density planting.
Effect of Organic Nutrition Practices on Papaya (cv. Surya) Fruit Yield, Quality and Soil Health
Authors: Reddy Y T N , Kurian Reju M , Ganeshamurthy A N , Pannerselvam P
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 2005-07 at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, on papaya cv. Surya with six organic treatments along with recommended dose of fertilizers and no manure/fertilizer application. Results indicated that crop growth and fruit yield were higher in inorganic fertilizer treatment (55 t ha1) compared to organic treatments (26.9 to 38 t ha-1). There was no significant variation in average fruit weight and TSS, but shelf life of the fruit was significantly higher in organic treatments (6.2 to 7.9 days) as compared to inorganic fertilizer treatment (5.1days). Among the treatments, application of 7 kg urban compost plant-1 or 10 kg FYM plant-1 was found to be ideal for improving soil health in terms of microbial population, and biochemical reaction compared to other treatments.
Role of Paclobutrazol and Ethephon in Reproductive Growth of 'Allahabad Safeda' Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Plants at Different Spacing
Authors: Brar J S , Bal J S
Published: August 2023

A study on 4-year 'Allahabad Safeda' guava plants was made to assess the influence of Paclobutrazol (PP 333), [(2RS, 3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4 triazol-1-yl) pentan-3-ol], a gibberellin-inhibitor, and Ethephon [(2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid], a vegetative growth inhibitor and a ripening promoter, on reproductive growth of plants. Treatments in the form of foliar application at 500 and 1000 ppm were applied consecutively during March 2007 and 2008 on plants at 6m x 2m, 6m x 3m, 6m x 4m and 6m x 5m spacing. Maximum flowering and fruit set was recorded in paclobutrazol treated plants in both rainy and winter crops. Ethephon reduced flower bud density (FBD) and fruit set during both the cropping seasons. However, Ethephon treated plants exhibited slightly higher fruit retention. Ethephon advances fruit maturity by upto a week during rainy season and two weeks during winter season. Paclobutrazol treated plants exhibited significantly higher fruit number, fruit yield, yield efficiency, fruiting density compared to Ethephon treated and control plants. Reproductive growth of plants at wider spacing of 6m x 5m and 6m x 4m significantly improved compared to closer spacings of 6m x 2m and 6m x 3m during both cropping seasons. Plants at wider spacing responded better to Paclobutrazol applications with respect to flowering and fruiting.
Effect of Drip Irrigation and Polythene Mulch on the Fruit Yield and Quality Parameters of Mango (Mangifera indica L.)
Authors: Panigrahi Hemant Kumar , Agrawal Narendra , Agrawal R , Dubey Saket , Tiwari S P
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was carried out at Horticultural Research Farm, Precision Farming Development Centre, Department of Horticulture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh during the year 2009- 2010 in Randomized Block Design with three replications and ten treatment combinations ( 100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% water through drip irrigation system with and without polythene mulch + Basin irrigation with and without mulch). Fruits characters, yield and yield attributing parameter were higher under drip irrigation with 0.6 V volume of water + polythene mulch (T8) and the same characters were lowest under control (Basin irrigation with V- volume of water). Application of black plastic mulch with drip irrigation system can conserve moisture, check the growth of weeds and improve the fruit yield and quality. Water use efficiency was higher under drip irrigation with 0.6 V volume of water + polythene mulch and low under basin irrigation with V volume of water. The net income and benefit cost ratio was also higher under the treatment T8 as compared to surface method of irrigation.
Interspecific Hybrid Developed in Epidendrum Orchid from the Cross E. radicans Pav. Ex. Lindl. X E. xanthinum Lindl.
Authors: Devadas R , Medhi R P , Das S P
Published: August 2023

An interspecific Epidendrum hybrid was developed using E. radicans (known as 'fire star orchid', 'ground-rooted orchid') as female parent and E. xanthinum known as 'yellow orchid' as male parent. The selected line (NRCO Epidendrum cross/2005-01) was characterized for morphological and floral traits. Flower size (3.5 cm x 3.4 cm) of selected line was bigger than both parents, with bright saffron-orange colour (RHS 44A). Dorsal sepal size (1.8 cm x 0.6 cm), lateral sepal size (1.9 cm x 0.7 cm), petal size (1.8 cm x 0.6 cm), lip size (2.3 cm x 2 cm) and column size (1.1 cm x 0.2 cm) were bigger than in parents. Shape and fimbriated side lobes of lip with deep cleft of anterior margins was similar to the male parent (E. xanthinum), except colour. The F1progeny of 'NRCO-Epidendrum cross/2005-01' flowered with different red-orange to yellow shades is categorized broadly into three types: Red-orange, Orangeyellow and Yellow. Epidendrums are popularly known as 'Crucifix orchid' and 'Poor man's orchid', have a long flowering period with 2-3 flowerings in a year, and are easy to multiply. These attributes are ideal for popularizing this plant in India as a potted plant as well garden plant.
Studies on Effect of Chemical Preservatives on Physico-Chemical Changes of Beverages in Lime and Ginger Juice with their Combinations
Authors: Lanjhiyana Ravishankar , Sharma Pravin Kumar , Shukla N
Published: August 2023

The physico-chemical character of lime and ginger RTS and blended RTS were evaluated after addition of potassium meta-bi-sulphite (KMS) and sodium benzoate stored at ambient temperature up to 150 days. Lime and ginger RTS preserved with KMS (0.1%) retained more ascorbic acid and acidity as compared to other treatments. During storage, total soluble solids, reduction and total sugars showed an increasing trend with increasing period of storage under ambient condition in KMS (0.1%) as compared to other treatments. Among the various treatment RTS prepared from ginger juice with KMS 0.1% could be stored for extended period of time for sensory characteristics.
Irrigating Horticultural Crops with Recycled Water: An Australian Perspective
Authors: Bolan Nanthi S , Bell Kerrie , Krishan Anitha Kunhi , Chung Jae-Woo
Published: August 2023

Access to water has been identified as one of the most limiting factors in economic growth of Australia's horticultural sector. Water reclaimed from wastewater (sewage) is being increasingly recognized as an important resource and agricultural sector is currently the largest consumer of this resource. An overview of the Australian experience of using reclaimed wastewater to grow horticultural crops is presented in this paper: from regulations governing it and treatment processes, to management and risk-minimization practices that ensure this resource is used in a sustainable manner, not impacting adversely human health or environment. A case study covering socio-economic and environmental implications of recycled-water irrigation is also presented.
Genetic Diversity in Early Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea Var. botrytis L.) Germplasm
Authors: Santhosha H M , Varalakshmi B , Gowda N C Narase
Published: August 2023

An experiment was conducted to study genetic divergence in 51 genotypes of cauliflower. Data was recorded for 16 quantitative characters. The genotypes were grouped into 14 clusters. A majority of the genotypes grouped together in Cluster 14 (with 14 genotypes), followed by Cluster 12 (with 8 genotypes). Intra-cluster value was maximum in Cluster 8 and minimum in Cluster 2. Maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between Clusters 8 and 10, followed by that between Clusters 10 and 13 and between Clusters 8 and 12. Hence, genotypes IIHR-323-13, IIHR-214- 5 and IIHR-277-14 of Cluster 8, and genotypes IIHR-263 and IIHR-272 of cluster 10 present the best choice for hybridization. Highest mean value for plant weight, leaf number, curd diameter, curd size, net curd-weight , net plot yield, yield per hectare and marketable curd-weight was also observed in Cluster 10, which indicates that genotypes included in this cluster are potential parents for hybridization programmes aimed at increasing cauliflower yields.
Effect of Growth Regulators on Growth and Harvest Maturity in Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)
Authors: Banyal Sanjeev Kumar , Sharma Shashi Kumar
Published: August 2023

The present study was conducted in the experimental farm of Department of Pomology, UHF, Solan. Three plant growth regulators, viz., NAA, 2,4,5-T and Ethrel were sprayed at different concentrations at stage II of fruit growth to study their effect on growth pattern, maturity and quality of fruits. None of the treatments were found to be effective in hastening harvest maturity (by slashing the period of slow-growth) although, size of the fruits increased with some treatments. Quality parameters like TSS, ascorbic acid, and sugar content increased in all treatments, while titratable acidity and flesh firmness decreased. Physical and biochemical analysis of fruits revealed that the fruits attained optimum maturity at 190 days after full bloom.
in Silico Microsatellite Development in Arum Lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica)
Authors: Radhika V , Aswath C , Reddy D C Lakshman , . Shweta , Bhardwaj A
Published: August 2023

Microsatellites are an important class of molecular markers having wide application in genetic research. Development of microsatellites using conventional methods is laborious and expensive. Alternatively, in silicoapproach can be followed to detect simple sequence repeats (SSRs) from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) available in public biological databases. The in silico developed EST-SSRs have been found to be transferrable across species and genera. A study was undertaken to mine simple sequence repeats (SSRs) from the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of arum lily, Zantedeschia aethiopica, belongs to the family Araceae. A total of 4283 ESTs of Zantedeschia aethiopica, downloaded from dbEST of NCBI, were pre-processed and subjected to clustering and assembly. In all, 1968 clusters (800 contigs and 1168 singletons) were obtained, resulting in 54 % reduction in ESTs. In addition, 1936 SSRs were obtained, which included 617 mono, 101 di-, 201 tri-, 80 tetra-, 23 penta- and 898 hexa-nucleotide repeats. The plant has an abundance of 0.70 SSRs/ kb. We designed 1091 primers for these SSRs. A few in silico designed SSR primers were tested for polymorphism in Anthurium, belonging to the Araceae family, resulting in 40% amplification success.
Stability Analysis for Earliness and Corm Characters in Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.)
Authors: Kirtimala Naik , Nataraj S K , Kulkarni B S , Reddy B S
Published: August 2023

A field study was conducted in gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.) in the floriculture field of Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, KRCCH (University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad) during 2005-2006. Fourteen promising cultivars were planted under three environments, viz, shade-house, polyhouse and the open condition, and tested for various characters related to earliness. Genotypes x Environment interactions were significant for days to spike emergence and days from first floret to last floret opening. For days to corm sprouting, genotypes Sylvia (4.24), American Beauty (7.87), Candiman (9.6), White Prosperity and Priscilla (12.09) showed low mean values, i.e., early sprouting. For days taken from first to last floret opening, genotypes Eighth Wonder (15.87), Melody (14.51), Friendship (14.49), Pricilla (14.29), Pacifica (13.80), White Prosperity (13.80) and Vedanapoli (13.56) were stable, with high mean values. On the basis of mean performance, the genotype Vedanapoli was stable for number of daughter corms per plant (2.22). Genotypes Pacifica (6.13cm) and Eighth Wonder (6.09cm) were stable for corm diameter, with high mean values. Though 'Vedanapoli' showed unpredictable performance for average weight of corm, ten cormel weight and number of cormels per plant, it gave the highest corm yield per plant and showed predictable performance for corm diameter, exhibiting a great promise for hybridization with consistent corm yield outcome.
Effect of Pre-harvest Application of Calcium Chloride and Gibberellic Acid on Shelf-Life and Post-Harvest Quality of Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Cv. Harcot
Authors: Lal S , Kumar D , Singh D B , Ahmed N , Kumar R , Dar G A
Published: August 2023

Pre-harvest application of calcium chloride (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 %) and gibberellic acid(10, 20 and 30 ppm) at 80% blooming, fruit-set and at 15 days before harvest were carried out on 5-year old trees of apricot cv. Harcot. All the treatments significantly reduced physiological loss in fruit weight, fruit diameter and spoilage percentage during storage. However, CaCl2 @ 1.5% was found to be most effective in minimizing weight loss in fruits during storage compared to Control. Fruits quality (TSS, titrable acidity, TSS/TA, ascorbic acid, total sugar, etc.) was also found to be better (even at 8 days of storage at ambient condition with this treatment) compared to Control. Hence, it can be concluded that pre-harvest foliar application in apricot cv. Harcot with CaCl2 @ 1.5% at three stages, i.e., 80% blooming, at fruit-set and 15 days before harvest, enhances shelf-life of the fruit from 3-5 days storage to 8 days storage, and can maintain good fruit quality under ambient storage-condition for up to 8 days.
Diversity of Bee Pollinators and Flora in Cashew
Authors: Sundararaju D
Published: August 2023

Seven species of bee that maintained constancy on cashew flowers were identified from coastal Karnataka [(Pseudapis oxybeloides (Smith), Lasioglossum sp. and Halictus sp., Halictidae; Braunsapis sp., Ceratina smaragdula (F.) and Ceratina sp., Apidae)] and four species from coastal Tamil Nadu [(Ceratina (Pithitis) binghami Cockerell, C. smaragdula, Braunsapis sp. and P. oxybeloides)]. Time spent by bees for visiting the flowers ranged from 0.8 to 25.1 seconds per flower. Diversity of flora recorded during 2003-08 as floral resources for nectar for all the above bee species during lean and flowering periods of cashew - both at coastal Karnataka and Tamil Nadu - is presented in this paper.
Nursery Output Maximization in Mango under Low-Hill Conditions of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Sharma Shashi Kumar , Banyal Sanjeev Kumar
Published: August 2023

Studies to standardize nursery production techniques in mango for output maximization were conducted during 2004-2009. Three separate experiments were laid out to work out optimum spacing, fertilizer level and time of transplant of mango seedlings. Best result in terms of nursery output per unit area was observed in seedlings transplanted at a spacing of 30cm x 20cm during mid-August to mid-September. It was also observed that a higher proportion of early-transplanted seedlings became graftable by March. Thus there exists a wide scope for raising greater number of mango grafts in a year, as, these grafts attain saleable size by July-August, if suitable irrigation and nutrition is provided. Seedling survival improved with different levels of manure and fertilizer application. Overall saleable plant material generated was highest with application of 10kg FYM + 25g N + 16g P2O5 + 60g K2O per m2 bedarea.
Studies on Training Systems and NAA Application on Bell Pepper Production in Polyhouse
Authors: Shukla Y R , Sharma Deepa , Tegta Upasna
Published: August 2023

Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important off-season vegetable crops grown in the mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh. Production and productivity of this crop is low because of high flower and fruit drop. The present investigation was carried out to find out the best training system and an appropriate concentration of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Two-stem training system was the best for most traits except, number of flowers per plant and days to first picking which were best under control, i.e., on plants not trained at all. Two sprays of NAA @ 15 ppm proved best for plant height, total number of flowers per plant, per cent flower drop, per cent fruit set, days to first picking, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight and total yield per plant.
Productivity in Chilli (cv. LCA 334) as Influenced by Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Management in Vertisols
Authors: Bharathi S , Kumari S Surya , Jyothi K Uma
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur during the kharif season of 2003-04 and 2004-05 in vertisols with an objective to assess effectiveness of organic nutrient package for yield sustainability and to assess inorganic nutrient management package vis-a-vis organic package for yield and quality in chilli cv. LCA 334. Farmers of this region generally use very high doses of inorganic fertilizers with improper nutrient balance which has led to deterioration of productivity and quality of both the produce soil. The experiment was carried out in randomized block design with ten treatments, in combinations of organic and inorganic sources. The organic sources used were: green manure (incorporation of pillipesara), neem cake, Azospirillum, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, VAM and burnt ash, and integrated with 50%, 75% and 100% recommended nitrogen in the form of chemical fertilizer. Results revealed that maximum dry chilli yield ( 5397kg ha-1) was recorded in combined application of green manure, neem cake, Azospirillum, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, burnt ash along with 100% recommended nitrogen.
Effect of Microsprinkler Fertigation on Growth and Yield of Rabi Onion
Authors: Prabhakar M , Hebbar S S , Nair A K
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2005-2006 at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, to study the performance of onion cv. Arka Niketan as influenced by microsprinkler fertigation using different sources and levels of fertilizers. Results indicated that crop growth in terms of leaf production, plant height, radial and equatorial diameter was not significantly influenced by the treatments. Fertigation treatments were superior for marketable bulb yield as compared to soil application of fertilizer. Also bulb yield through soil application of fertilizer increased by changing over from surface-irrigation to microsprinkler irrigation. However, bulb yield did not significantly decrease by applying just 75% of the recommended NPK fertilizers, using common or water soluble fertilizers supplied through fertigation. For achieving maximum yield, however, it is recommended to apply 100% recommended dose of fertilizers through sprinkler fertigation using water soluble fertilizers.
Effect of Pre-Storage GA3 Pulsing on Keeping Quality of Gladiolus Spikes
Authors: Singh Kushal , Singh Ranjit , Kumar Ramesh
Published: August 2023

Pre-storage pulsing of gladiolus spikes with a solution containing 20% sucrose and 400 mg/l aluminium sulphate [Al2(SO4)3.16H2O] significantly improved vase life, floret size and per cent opening of florets. The effect was significantly enhanced with addition of GA3 @ 100 mg/l. Spikes pulse-treated with GA3 could be stored for 14 days with an acceptable vase life of 5.44 days. These spikes also exhibited 49.65 per cent opening of florets even at 21 days from onset of storage. On the other hand, spikes pulse-treated with a solution containing 20% sucrose and aluminium sulphate [Al2(SO4)3.16H2O] @ 400 mg/l or water (Control) showed no opening of florets after 21 days of storage.
First Report of Meloidogyne javanica on Ginger and Meloidogyne incognita on Coriander in Jammu and Kashmir (India)
Authors: Singh V K , Gupta R K
Published: August 2023

Heavy infestation of root-knot nematode was observed on ginger and coriander grown in Gharana village and SKUAST-J Chattha farm of Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir state. Identification of the species revealed that this is the first observed occurrence of Meloidogyne javanica on ginger and M. incognita on coriander from Jammu and Kashmir.
Market Information System for Horticultural Crops:Web Application Development for Interactive Graphs
Authors: Prakash M K Chandra , Thomas Reena Rosy , Mysore Sudha , Vadivel G , Thaker Rasika
Published: August 2023

Marketing information service has been recognized as key for success in marketing of perishable commodities. Effort has been made to improve access to market information to all stakeholders involved in marketing of horticultural crops. Current study is an attempt in this direction to review various modes of such information support and also to highlight the effort made by premier institution like Indian Institute of Horticultural Research.
Web application has been developed for Market information to display the data as Interactive graphs. Data for the study includes the month-wise arrival and price information of different horticultural commodities from different markets for a period of ten years. This is collected from primary sources such as District -wise, Marketwise and secondary sources such as NHB, NHRDF etc., the data were tabulated and uploaded to Microsoft SQL server database through customized CMS module. Further, the price arrival data has been translated to the Interactive Charts by programs developed using Microsoft Visual studio. NET technologies, which is a relatively new addition to IIHR website.
Interactive Charts are used for drilling down for more information on price and arrivals. It consists of several interactive components like zoom, compare etc. Zoom component of the chart enables the user to zoom the graph to read the price trend prevailed in market in detail, which cannot be possible on Basic Chart. The Compare option allows user to compare price data with several other markets. The farmers and traders will get the advantage of taking precise decisions regarding choice of time and place for sale of their produce using this information system. Further, lean, peak stabilization periods prevailing in various markets enable farmers to schedule the cultivation plans.
Genetic Correlation and Cluster Analysis in Sapota (Manilkara zapota)
Authors: Rekha A , Dinesh M R , Venugopalan R , Murthy B N S
Published: August 2023

Sapota is classified into two main types based on fruit shape as 'round' and 'oval'. However, there are several intermediates, as, it is a heterozygous tree crop. In this study, an effort was made to group available variability in sapota based on fruit characters and to analyze it. This helps in selection of parents for use in further breeding programmes. Cluster analysis revealed four definite clusters. High variability was observed for fresh-fruit weight, fruit length, fruit girth, fruit weight at ripening, pulp weight, peel weight, number of seeds and TSS. Correlation studies among fruit parameters indicated positive relationship between all the parameters studied, except TSS which had negative relationship with the rest of the fruit parameters. Selection of distantly placed cultivars in breeding programs stands to result in better progeny for further evaluation.
Management of Thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, on Rose under Open-Field and Protected Conditions
Authors: Hegde Jayalaxmi Narayan , Chakravarthy A K , Nagamani M K , Prabhakar M S
Published: August 2023

Investigation on management of thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood on roses under open-field and protected conditions was conducted during 2008-10 at Bengaluru. Clothianidin 50 WDG 20g a.i./ha proved best in terms of efficacy and cost. Vertimac, spinosad and Garlic Barrier agriculture (GB Ag ) were comparable in efficacy. GB Ag was on par with clothianidin besides being eco-friendly. GB Ag was found effective as a new molecule. Neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) proved to be superior to neem oil, pongamia oil and the commercial neem product, Nimbecidine. NSKE was also found to reduce thrips density to the extent of 64% - 88%. In rose fields where pest suppression measures are hardly practised, farmers can apply NSKE, monocrotophos or imidacloprid. Based on the cost of vertimac and spinosad, these can be recommended where cost-effective, as in commercial polyhouses growing roses.