bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Training on Fine Motor Skills in Patients of Chronic
Authors: Munawar Aisha , Seemal Pakeeza , Afzal Hamna , Yaseen Amna , Ashraf Tooba , Amjad Ayesha
Published: December 2022

Aim: To determine the effects of Hand-arm Bimanual Intensive Training on fine motor skills of chronic stroke patients. Methods: A randomized control trail was conducted at District Head Quarter Hospital Sargodha. Twenty-eight stroke patients were randomized into 2 groups. All patients were examined by using Questionnaire of Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT). Control group was treated with Conventional Physical Therapy and experimental group with Hand Arm Bimanual Intensive Training. There were 3 sessions every week for a total of 12 sessions over the course of 4 weeks. At the beginning of the intervention, two weeks later, and four weeks later, all outcomes were evaluated. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 21. Results: Intra group analysis showed statistically significant results (p<0.001) in each group after 4 weeks of treatment indicating improvement in Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) of both groups. However, based on their mean differences, experimental group demonstrated greater progress across all outcome measures which is indicated through Inter group analysis that statistically significant difference was present between two groups in DASH, ARAT and WMFT with p-values 0.045, 0.046 and 0.043 respectively at end of treatment. Practical implications: HABIT pays attention to bimanual training which is highly related to most ADL tasks so there is need to evaluate the effectiveness of HABIT-related interventions. This will help to promote improvements in upper extremity functions and to enhance the level of independence among stroke patients. Conclusion: Study concluded that both conventional physical therapy and hand arm bimanual intensive training (HABIT) are helpful in improving upper extremity fine motor abilities in chronic stroke patients, but HABIT is more beneficial as compared to usual conventional and routine rehab treatments. Keywords: HABIT, fine motor skills, physical therapy, upper extremity, stroke.
Effect of Antiepileptics on Retinal Blood Flow in Adults Wister Rats
Authors: Shakoor Shumaila , Zehra Uruj , Zulfiqar Sabahat , Baloch Muhammad Bahadur , Siddiqui Rahat Bano , Athar M. Muneeb , Ejaz Shamaila
Published: December 2022

Background: Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an effective antiepileptic drug (AED) used as first line of drug for of partial and convulsive generalized epilepsy in all age groups. Most common clinically reported side effect of CBZ is blurry or double vision. How it affects retinal histological architecture has not been explored yet. Aim: To observe the light microscopic retinal changes in adult Wistar albino rats after administration of CBZ. Methods: The experiment was conducted in University of Health Sciences, Lahore after the approval of ethical review committee. 18 Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of 6 rats each. Group A served as control and was given 1ml saline alkalinized with 0.1N NaOH, Group B&C were given CBZ 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg respectively dissolved in 1ml saline alkalinized with 0.1N NaOH in 3 divided doses intraperitoneally for 7 days. Animals were sacrificed on 8th day, and retinal tissue sections of 5µm were stained for H& E to look for vascular congestion in retinal layers (yes/no). Chi2 was applied for statistical analysis using SPSS v 20. Practical implications: ophthalmic examination mandatory for epileptic patients on long term use of AED. Results: vascular congestion was seen among layers of retina in dose dependent manner in experimental groups (p=0.006) Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicates that CBZ affects retina blood flow, can impose a potential risk to visual disturbances. Key words: vascular congestion, epilepsy, carbamazepine (CBZ)
Evaluation of Direct-acting Antiviral Drugs for Hepatitis C patients below 30 years age in Sialkot, Pakistan
Authors: Waqas Kashif , Noreen Bushra , Muzaffar Zoya , Sabir Furqan , Naqvi S. Z. Haider , Qureshi J. Anver , Hadi Faheem , Abbas M. Khawar
Published: December 2022

Background: Infection of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is major contributor in liver problems, affecting nearly more than 70 million people all over the world. Top ten countries which are affected by Hepatitis, also include Pakistan. Medical science has entered a new era of HCV therapy in elimination of infection and disease is a real possibility. In Asia, Genotype 3 is chronic hepatitis C genotype as compared to other genotypes. Direct-acting antiviral drugs are famous for their high efficacy rate, but less work has done in Asia. Methods: A follow up research was performed to evaluate 3 months treatment outcome of some direct acting antiviral drugs in 35 patients (26 patients of HCV genotype 3) below 30 years of age using some relevant biological parameters. Results: A total of 30 patients yielded a pooled SVR of more than 85% after twelve weeks outcome of commonly used antiviral drugs evaluation. Conclusion: Commonly used antiviral drugs in Sialkot, Pakistan showed effectiveness in HCV patients having genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 5. Keywords: Hepatitis C virus, genotype 3, direct acting antiviral drugs, liver function tests, renal function tests
To compare the efficacy of Gabapentin with Paracetamol for Preemptive Analgesia in children undergoing Tonsillectomy.
Authors: Zeb Anum , Butt Muhammad Muazzam , Ahmad Aqeel , Zia Rifah , Rehman Abaid-Ur- , Khan Dawood Ahmad
Published: December 2022

Aim: To compare the mean time for first rescue analgesia after preemptive gabapentin versus paracetamol for pain control after tonsillectomy in children. Method: This random controlled trial was conducted by Anesthesia team in ENT OT in Jinnah Hospital, Lahore from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2018. After taking informed consent, 60 patients fulfilling the selection criteria were recruited and after obtaining demographic information, two groups were formed using lottery method Group G and Group P each having 30 patients. Patients were given oral Paracetamol 20 mg/kg and oral Gabapentin 10 mg/kg 120 minutes before induction of anesthesia in Group P and Group G respectively. Post-operatively, patients’ pain was monitored with VAS after every 30 minutes. When VAS exceeded 3, it marked the demand of first post-operative rescue analgesia was given and time was noted. Injection Ketorolac 0.5mg/kg was given as rescue analgesia. Mean time of first rescue analgesia was compared in between 2 groups via SPSS 19 Results: There were no significant differences for variables such as age and BMI in between two groups. The main result of study is that mean time for first rescue analgesia in group G and group P found to be 468.00± 57.14 & 377.00±51.47 minutes respectively. The calculated p-value was P < 0.0001 proving significant difference in duration for first analgesia in between two groups. Conclusion: There is significant difference in mean time for first rescue analgesia after preemptive gabapentin versus paracetamol for pain control after tonsillectomy in children. Keywords: Preemptive Analgesia, Gabapentine, Paracetamol, Post-operative pain control
Determination of Anatomical Variation of Mental Foramen and Evaluation of Anterior Loop in Karachi Population Using CBCT
Authors: Shaikh Shaharyar Hamid , Ali Anwar , Sultan Daud , Iqbal Syeda Noureen , Shaikh M. lyas , Shaikh Saher , Kandhro Rehmatullah
Published: December 2022

Aim: To determine the anatomical variation in mental foramen and to evaluate the anterior loop in the population of Karachi with the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Study Design: Prospective Study Place and duration: Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ibad Khan Institute of Oral Health and Sciences Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi during September 2021 and February 2022. Methodology: A group of 160 subjects were included in this study and the simple convenient sampling technique was used to obtain data for the research. CBCT images of all patients were obtained. Results: 160 CBCT scans were obtained for this study, 76 females and the remaining 84 were males. Mental foramen was present below the second premolar and between the first and the second premolars most commonly, respectively. On the right side the mental foramen was 67.5% and 68.1% on the left. The most common shape of the anterior loop was Type-I, where Anterior Loop (AL) is unnoticeable and the anatomy is Y shaped as classified by solar et al. The AL was present more commonly on the left side 65% compared to the right side which was 59.4%. No correlation was found between anterior loop presentation and incisive canal of the mandibular region according to the Shapiro Wilk normality test (P≥0.05). Conclusion: It is evident in this study that the location of the anterior loop and mental foramen is variable in our study population. Therefore it is mandated that CBCT images should be used before any invasive procedure is undertaken in the MF region. Keywords: Anatomical variation, Mental foramen, Anterior loop, Mental Nerve, Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).
Distribution Pattern of Trachoma in Pakistan and Monitoring the Effects of Water Availability upon Disease prevalence
Authors: Wazir Junaid Faisal , Nargus Shumaila , Rana Saleem
Published: December 2022

Background: Trachoma is the current most crucial infectious disease and one of the big vectors leading to global preventable blindness. After cataracts and glaucoma, being the most prevalent disease, trachoma acquired a third place among the most common ocular disease. It is among the seven most neglected tropical diseases and is accounted for 0.006 to 0.008 billion people (mostly women) living with optical deterioration predominantly in poor resource habitats. Aim: To estimate pervasiveness of active trachoma and measure its burden in four districts of KPK. Additionally, it is aimed to determine the distribution patterns of the infection while considering factors such as, age, gender, and dwellings. Methodology: The sample size (n=3036) estimation is undertaken while considering the past minimal prevalence of trachoma in the country. The data on the basis of structured questionnaire and observations study collected from four districts of KPK. Detailed analysis was conducted using SPSS 24.0 by using descriptive analysis, correlation and Chi Square test of independence. Results and conclusion: The first thing done is testing normality of data using Shiparo Wilk test, and it is found that all the variables are non-normal. It is found that in most of the cases, the use piped water strongly influence the contamination and lead to increment in disease. The correlation result shows significant results stating the effect of decrease of animals in house improved trachoma grading. Keywords: Trachoma, Blindness, KPK, Semi-Structural Interviews
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Malaria among Mothers of patients between 5 and 15 Years of age
Authors: Rehan Muhammad , Nargus Shumaila , Ahmad Saleem , Saddique Sana , Rana Saleem
Published: December 2022

Background: Malaria continues to be a serious global public health and development issue. Plasmodium falciparum, the most lethal type of the malaria parasite, is responsible for the great majority of malaria-related death and morbidity in children. Aim: To ascertain malaria knowledge, attitudes, and practices among mothers of patients aged 5 to 15 in Bahawalgar District, Pakistan. Methods: The Cross sectional Descriptive study was done at District health quarter hospital Bahawalnagar. A questionnaire was used to collect the data from mothers of patients visiting medical OPD. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 25. Results: Findings of the study showed that a total of 241 malaria infected children were studied, to observe their plasmodium prevalence and their parental KAP of malaria. Most common age group of children was 13-15 years among 56.0%. Female’s children were commonest as 63.9%. Most of parents 46.1% were found with intermediate education. P-vivax was P-vivax was mostly seen among 66.4% children followed by p-falciparum 17.4%, p-malariae 3.3% and Plasmodium Vivax + falciparum 12.9%. The prevalence of plasmodiums was insignificantly related to demographic characteristics, with p-values that were relatively low. Conclusion: The study concluded that plasmodium vivax was the most prevalent malarial parasite. Parents had partial knowledge regarding malaria and its treatment. Parents had good attitude and agreed to participation in its prevention. Key words: Malaria, parents, knowledge, practice, children’s mothers
Effect of Honey on levels of BMP-2 in post-extraction tooth sockets in Humans
Authors: Khalid Momina , Zaffar Sehrish , Mehdi Muhammad Mutahir , Riaz Mobin , , Ikram Fatima , Saqib Maryam
Published: December 2022

Background: In Pakistan, many people undergo tooth extractions every year due to various causes such as dental caries, periodontitis, and trauma. For a healthy alveolar bone after tooth extraction, some kind of intervention is always required. Honey can possibly help to improve bone healing after tooth extractions. Aim: To observe the effects of honey on bone healing of alveolar sockets after tooth extraction in humans. Method: It was an experimental study, conducted at Lahore general hospital over the period of 6 months. Twenty-four participants were included in the study through simple random sampling technique. After tooth extractions in both groups, honey was injected into extracted sockets of the experimental group while the control group was left as it was. Levels of BMP-2 were tested in saliva through the ELISA technique on days 1, 3, and 7 of tooth extraction. Results: In the control group, mean BMP-2 levels were 485.5± 52.63, 623.7 ±47.16 and 692.5± 11.86 while in the experimental group the mean values of BMP-2 were 494.3 ± 49.89, 703.6 ± 39.31 and 812.9 ± 34.40 at day 1, 3 and 7 respectively. The mean difference was calculated to be 8.75, 79.9, and 120.5. A significant difference (p-value <0.001) was noted in levels of BMP-2 between the experimental and control group on days 3 and 7. Conclusion: Raise in levels of BMP-2 in the experimental group when compared with the control group confirmed better bone healing. Hence, honey can be used to promote bone healing in post-extraction tooth sockets. This study can be used in future to improve bone quality and minimize ridge resorption after tooth extractions. Keywords: Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), Honey, Extracted Tooth sockets, bone healing, ELISA.
Prediction of the Outcome of Pakistani Heart Failure Patients by Various Supervised Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Saeed Sana , Faheem Maham , Saleem Kanwal , Ishaq Nimra
Published: December 2022

Aim: To foresee the outcome of heart failure(HF) in Pakistani patients with potential predictors and through various machine learning (ML) methods. Study design:The secondary data of Pakistani patients is taken from the UCI repository in which a cross-sectional, analytical study was planned. Place and duration: This data was collected in April-December, 2015 at the Institute of Cardiology and Allied hospital Faisalabad-Pakistan. Methodology: The data set consisted of299 patients distributed among male (194) and female patients (105). Ages, serum sodium (SS), serum creatinine (SC), gender, smoking, high blood pressure (HBP), ejection fraction (EF), anemia, platelets, Creatinine Phosphokinase (CPK), and diabetes were considered as the potential predictors for predicting the outcome of HF.The data set was analyzed with the help of various machine learning (ML) predictive models including Logistic regression (LR), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and Decision trees (DT). Results: The ages of the patients were within 60.833±11.894 years. Out of 299 patients, 129 were anemic, 105 had high blood pressure (HBP), and 96 had a smoking history. A statistical model was estimated by applying LR which assisted us in identifying the significant predictors. The sensitivity of the LRwas observed to be 92.1%, whereas 85.6% of the outcome of HF patients was correctly predicted by this model (LR) and DT achieved89.6% prediction accuracy. Conclusion:Since HF is a substantial reason for deaths in Pakistan. Therefore, the identification of its potential risk factors and its accurate prediction by some modern tools are highly demanded. This study applied ML tools for the said task and concluded that among all the fitted ML models, DT predicted the correct outcome for HF patients proficiently. Keywords: Heart failure, machine learning, logistic regression, k-nearest neighbor, decision trees
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TENTANG ADAT PITI RAMBANG DAERAH SUMBA
Authors: Pambudih Tollif Adih , Soeskandi Hari
Published: December 2022

Discussion about the Sumba regional custom, which custom is this In an era that is increasingly developing with many laws and increasingly globalization, Indonesia is famous for its various tribes and customs, from Sabang to Merauke, its cultural culture and also the different regional languages, so sometimes there is also a custom that forces its citizens to continue to follow customary rules, the custom is a marriage that requires a man to take or marry a woman, after the traditional ceremony is over, marrying or marrying the woman is not good according to some people, but instead of meeting a woman either on the street in front of the house or at the market, then the woman is immediately pulled and even carried to be brought to the man's house, even though it was without the knowledge of the female guardian, after arriving at the woman's house, the new woman was given know. That the child or family is living in a man's house is due to the piti ramban (forced marriage) custom. From the little picture above, the custom has violated various existing rules, namely human rights (human rights), marriage law, as well as criminal law and the laws that apply in Indonesia
KEWENANGAN JAKSA PENUNTUT UMUM DALAM UPAYA HUKUM PENINJAUAN KEMBALI
Authors: Damayanti Fitria Indah , Soeskandi Hari
Published: December 2022

A review by the prosecutor in a criminal case is a paradox that occurs in the criminal law system, where the legal practice is contrary to the values and legal norms as regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code. However, in practice, judicial review is often carried out by prosecutors on the grounds that there is court jurisprudence that decides the case, as a result the law does not reflect justice and certainty and even tends to conflict with the legal interests of the convict and his heirs. The research method uses a normative juridical method with an emphasis on literature study. analysis is carried out on legal norms, both the law in statutory regulations and the law in court decisions). The conclusions drawn are that the submission for judicial review is solely for the benefit of the convict and his heirs, the law and the constitution do not authorize the prosecutor to conduct a review, that the review carried out by the prosecutor is not a legal discovery but only an interpretation of the law, the submission of a judicial review by the prosecutor is a form of court error which indicates that there is a logical fallacy in the practice of criminal law in Indonesia. Suggestions for developing the theme of this paper is that the Supreme Court should issue a circular containing prohibitions and restrictions for prosecutors to apply for a review or conduct a judicial review and annulment of cases that are submitted for review by the prosecutor
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI KONSUMEN YANG MELAKUKAN IZIN PENUNDAAN PEMBAYARAN ANGSURAN
Authors: Soraja Alga , Prasetyawati Endang
Published: December 2022

One itype of financing business in a financial institution is consumer financing. Consumer financing is a business entity that carries out financing activities for the procurement of goods based on consumer needs with an installment or periodic payment system by consumers. This situation encourages the importance of the existence and development of consumer finance institutions. The public's choice of consumer financing institutions is due to the need for fast service, uncomplicated procedures, and easy-to-fulfill requirements.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PEMILIK MEREK TERDAFTAR TERHADAP PRAKTEK USAHA CURANG
Authors: Rofikhok Siti , Rosando Abraham Ferry
Published: December 2022

In commerce, the brand as an intellectual work is important for the smoothness and improvement of trade. A mark has a function as an identifier to distinguish the products of a person or legal entity from those of other people or other legal entities. This is the reason why disputes over trademarks often occur and the need for legal protection for registered trademark owners.              Through these legal problems, two formulations of the problem were found, namely how the legal protection of registered trademark owners against fraudulent business practices and what the legal consequences for fraudulent business practices are. This research method uses normative legal research using three approaches, namely: the legal approach, the conceptual approach, and the case approach.              The findings of this study are that legal protection for brand owners is only for brand owners who have registered through law number 20 of 2016 concerning trademarks and geographical indications. Mark protection starts from trademark registration, trademark protection for a period of 10 (ten) years and can be extended for the same period of time, taking action against both civil lawsuits, criminal prosecution and administrative steps in the form of rejection of trademark registration and removal of trademarks
AKIBAT HUKUM PERBEDAAN PENYELESAIAN PERSELISIHAN HUBUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP UNDANG-UNDANG CIPTA KERJA
Authors: Jatmiko Bayu Priyo
Published: December 2022

Disputes or dispute cases often occur between workers/laborers and employers. So the government established the Industrial Relations Court (PHI) as the main institution for resolving disputes between workers and liberal employers. The course of the problem is entirely in the hands of the litigants.
So the purpose of this research is for workers/labourers, trade unions, and employers to know the differences from the Termination of Employment. Policies according Constitution number 13 year of 2003 concerning Emploiment and constitution number 11 year of 2020 in a precise and binding manner. Using normative research with the aim of answering scientifically based issues. From this research, the researcher offers results for workers/laborers of legal protection from the labor system. 1) protection of wages, 2) protection of workers' safety and health, 3) and protection of workers' basic rights
PENGEMBANGAN DIGITALISASI DAN PENATAAN ARSIP KEPENDUDUKAN DI KANTOR DINAS KEPENDUDUKAN DAN PENCATATAN SIPIL KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Aziz Ronan Agung Ramadita , Putra Rendy Dwi Adi
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine the innovations developed in the implementation of archiving birth certificates at the Department of Population and Civil Registration of the City of Surabaya. Electronic archives have an important role in the administrative system, besides that they are also legal evidence based on Law Number 11 article 5 paragraph (1) of 2008. The development of information technology requires records to be processed electronically. In this study, the author uses an exploratory method. This method is used because the author does not yet know a clear picture of the problem situation that occurs in the field. The method of implementing the activities carried out are Observation, and Documentation. The results showed that the archive arrangement system was still not good and still conventional. It is very necessary to make improvements, so that documents can be neatly organized, and not messy and if needed at any time are easy to find again
SENGKETA AKIBAT PEMUTUSAN KERJA SAMA ANTARA PT. SARANA INVESTAMA MANGGABAR DENGAN PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Keban Angelina Bernadina Linojawa
Published: December 2022

Basically, humans are social creatures (zoon politicon) who interact with each other. The increasingly rapid interaction of the community often leads people to bind themselves with other communities, resulting in making an agreement. Agreement is one of the legal studies that is always evolving, along with the development of society. Onong Uchana Effendy in his book Communication Science Theory and Practice reveals that "Humans as social beings need interaction with each other to share feelings, exchange thoughts and desires, either directly or indirectly, verbally and nonverbally. This is naturally ingrained in every individual, and is naturally done from birth. After the occurrence of an agreement between the two parties then an agreement appears between them. From this agreement, there was cooperation between the two parties, namely PT. Sarana Investama Manggabar and East Nusa Tenggara Province. In the cooperation that is built between the two parties who work together, problems often occur, namely defaults between them or it can be said that the employment relationship is unilaterally terminated
KEKERASAN TERHADAP ORANG TUA DALAM RUMAH TANGGA YANG DILAKUKAN ANAK KANDUNG DITINJAU DARI HUKUM ISLAM DAN UNDANG-UNDANG NO 23 TENTANG PENGHAPUSAN KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Alisyah Salsa Chintya , Ahmad Muh. Jufri
Published: December 2022

Domestic violence (KDRT) is a criminal act that must be carried out at the investigation level to prove that a child is a victim of violence against parents who have experienced or actually experienced the violence. This research is a normative legal research. The research approach uses a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The results of this study are in Law Number 23 of 2004 it is expressly stated that in article 5 is an act that results in fear, loss of self-confidence, loss of ability to act, feeling helpless, and/or severe suffering to family members. In this case, there was domestic violence by children against their parents which resulted in depression and physical injury. The causes of violence against biological parents by their own biological children are caused by family economic factors, social environment where they live, low education of perpetrators and lack of religious education. With the teachings of Islam strictly prohibits the occurrence of domestic violence. This is evidenced by the many verses in the Qur'an and hadith that command children to respect both people well
PENERAPAN SANKSI PIDANA TERHADAP WAJIB PAJAK YANG MELAKUKAN TINDAK PIDANA PERPAJAKAN
Authors: Ohoiwirin Valentino , Ruslie Ahmad Sholikhin
Published: December 2022

The highest tax legal basis is Article 23A of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia was reads that "taxes and the other levies that are coercive for the state by law". Specifications for tax crimes and the mechanism for applying criminal sanctions. The tax system that uses a self-assessment system softens the coercive nature of this tax, with the prospect that people will fulfil their tax obligation properly. However, the problem that occurs is, on the contrary, it's a good system to use by the community to make deviations because people think that taxes are a burden that will reduce their income. So they do tax avoidance which aims to minimize the tax burden. The threat of criminal sanctions against tax crimes is quite heavy and clear. If both of them regulate criminal acts that "may cause losses to state revenues" or "may harm state finances or the state economy" and follow the principle of applying criminal law to laws governing criminal acts with the same object, they will be enforced. Law that specifically regulates the subject matter of the crime
STUDI ANALISIS FATWA TARJIH MUHAMMADIYAH TENTANG ROKOK DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP COVID-19
Authors: Abas Mohamad Ilyas , Pakaya Salahudin , Syahrial Syahrial
Published: December 2022

In essence, according to the fatwa and Islamic views that cigarettes are included in the haram category. Some views say that smoking is makruh and even permissible. But the strongest opinion is that smoking is forbidden in Islam, especially in the fatwa tarjih Muhammadiyah which strictly forbids smoking because smoking is an act that can harm oneself and others. In this study, the researcher wanted to analyze the study on the compliance of tarjih prohibition of smoking in Muhammadiyah environment to student organizations in Muhammadiyah. This research uses quantitative methods, the quantitative method was chosen because it is an approach whose specifications are systematic, planned and clearly structured from the beginning to the making of the research design. The purpose of this study was to obtain an analysis study of the compliance of Muhammadiyah members with Muhammadiyah tarjih on cigarettes. The results of the study will display statistics on the compliance of Muhammadiyah members as well as statistics on Muhammadiyah members who still smoke so that it is contrary to the tarjih and smoking laws in Islam, which are haram. The benefit of this study is that it can display data in clusters of smokers who are in the Muhammadiyah environment. The results of the study indicate that in fact, according to knowledge, everyone agrees that cigarettes are haram and adherence to tarjih is indeed quite high, but it is not accompanied by obedience to leave the smoking habit.
PEMBERIAN REMISI BAGI PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI
Authors: Maesty Alfiana Dwi Putri , Soeskandi Hari
Published: December 2022

The Corruption Eradication Law specifically regulates its own procedural law for law enforcement perpetrators of criminal cts of corruption. Broadly, the handling of corruption is distinguished from the handling of other special crimes. This type of research is normative legal research, namely research conducted by reviewing legal materials obtained through library research. In normative research, the written law is studied from several spects such s philosophical theory, comparison, structure or composition, consistency, general explanation nd explanation of each rticle, formality, nd binding power of  law nd the language used is legal language. In the end, the criminal verdicts handed down by judges on corruption convicts will not be right on target, because the deterrent effect that was intended to be given to the corruption convicts to carry out self-improvement has not been chieved, because the convict can continue to experience  reduction in his prison term nd the purpose of the sentence is not chieved. This lso pplies to prospective corruptors who see that remission will be  tool to get out of prison easily so that the element of punishment, which is useful for scaring someone from committing  crime will be reduced nd in the end it is feared that the increase in corruption will be difficult to contain. . In ddition, the Indonesian Correctional System ctually means fostering prisoners who have integrity with the community nd lead to the integrity of life nd livelihood. Correctional s  process of moving by stimulating the emergence nd development of self-propelling djustment towards personal development through its own ssociations djusting to the integrity of life nd livelihood. Reducing the period of detention which will reduce the effect lso reduces the important essence of the penitentiary system, namely the period of detention is  period of development, given the characteristics of this extraordinary crime of corruption
PRINSIP KE HATI-HATIAN DALAM PERJANJIAN KREDIT MELALUI E-COMMERCE (AKULAKU)
Authors: Ayu P Dwi Ajeng , Wahyoeono Dipo
Published: December 2022

Along with current developments, providing support in a wider variety of business networks without limits, accessing the internet is not limited to accessing information only through available media, but can also be used as a means of trading sales transactions with various existing market place platforms, as well as a network that wide to no limit of time and place. In its implementation of online applications, there are still many obstacles and problems that occur, as a result of the occurrence of a bad system from the banking system, namely superiors or actors who often behave badly and pay less attention to the principle of prudence in doing business. The fundamental statement that is used as a benchmark by a person or group of people is the principle in carrying out an action and a statement of their thoughts, one of the principles contained in the law is the principle of prudence which is the principle of environmental law that regulates which behavior should be avoided. Then the formulation of the problem that will be used is 1. How to apply the precautionary principle in the e-commerce credit system (Akulaku)? 2. What are the legal consequences if you do not apply the principle of prudence in credit agreements? The research method used is normative legal research in order to find legal rules by carrying out 2 (two) approaches, namely the statutory approach and the conceptual approach. 5 C, Character Value, Ability Value, Capital Value, Collateral Value and Value on the debtor's business prospects, in making a credit purchase if there is a violation, it will result in legal consequences and the party who violates it will be subject to a maximum fine of Rp. 100,000,000,000
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM ATAS KEKERASAN SEKSUAL BAGI KAUM PENYANDANG DISABILITAS TUNA NETRA
Authors: Rizky Rama Yanuar , Mahyani Ahmad
Published: December 2022

So far, people with disabilities have experienced various kinds of discrimination, especially women. Women with disabilities are very vulnerable to being victims of violence, including sexual violence. Various reports in the media show that there are many women with disabilities. Over time, we are often surprised by the emergence of several cases involving persons with disabilities. One of the cases experienced by persons with disabilities is being a victim of rape. The situation of disabled people who are victims of sexual violence is worrying, not only because they are a vulnerable group, but also because many do not receive legal protection. From 2015 to 2016, there were 74 cases of sexual violence in Yogyakarta, of which 3 were handled through legal channels and other cases were medical, psychological and even medical, psychological and even the same way, the Advocacy Center for Women and Children with Disabilities (Advocacy Center for Women and Children with Disabilities). Persons with Disabilities). SAPDA) DIY published a study in 2016 which found that 84.5% of violence against women with disabilities did not have legal protection. Since the enactment of Law No. 8 of 2016 concerning Disabilities which was ratified by President Joko Widodo on April 15, 2016, there is no longer any mention of the term "disability" for people with physical limitations. The Disability Policy is the commitment of the Indonesian government to regulate the protection and fulfillment of the rights of people with disabilities in Indonesia
PENCEGAHAN PEMBAJAKAN ATLET E-SPORTS MELALUI PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM KEPADA TIM E-SPORTS
Authors: Maulidea Cantika , Mahyani Ahmad
Published: December 2022

E-sports is a modern sport that is currently quite popular and promising in Indonesia. In competitive sports, unsupportive things often happen, one of which is poaching. Poaching is considered unsupportive because it can cause losses to E-sports teams whose athletes are illegally captured. Because of this, there needs to be legal protection to limit the actions of the parties involved in the E-sports ecosystem. This research uses normative legal research methods as a method to find out what are the legal consequences of the existence of poaching and to analyze how forms of legal protection can be applied to E-sports teams as a form of prevention or rule over poaching practices. The results of this study found that the result of the poaching was the emergence of sanctions in the form of compensation, and legal efforts to protect the E-sports team from the poaching are through PBESI regulations and the arrangement of specific clauses in employment agreement contracts
PEMENUHAN HAK RESTITUSI KEPADA KORBAN TINDAK PIDANA
Authors: Ramadhani Ahmad Rizal Awwalludin
Published: December 2022

The concept of restitution is for the protection of victims of criminal acts as victims who are ignored in terms of fulfilling the rights that should be obtained. The problem that will be discussed in this research is how to regulate the concept of restitution regarding protecting victims of criminal acts in Indonesia. This study uses an informative juridical method. the institution is a compensation given to the victim by the perpetrator where it is a protection for the victim to fulfilling the rights of the victim. regulations regarding the restitution mechanism have not been fully regulated in the laws and regulations iso that it will be difficult for victims of criminal acts who will apply for restitution
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP SERIKAT PEKERJA BERDASARKAN UNDANG UNDANG NO 21 TAHUN 2000 DAN UNDANG UNDANG KETENAGAKERJAAN
Authors: Mulyono Yanu Ferry , Purnomo Sugeng Hadi
Published: December 2022

In carrying out and carrying out the development of a company there must be several factors such as capital, nature, and labor factors. In the course of history, it has been proven that the role of trade unions/labor unions in fighting for the rights of their members is very large, so that workers/labourers have felt the benefits of an independent and consistent trade union/labor union organization in fighting for workers' rights. In this paper, the author uses a normative research method that examines law from an internal perspective with the object of research being legal norms. One form of protection for workers is a trade union or labor union. Another function of the trade/labor union is as a party to the settlement of industrial disputes, namely differences of opinion which result in a conflict between the entrepreneur or a combination of employers and workers/labor or a trade/labor union due to disputes over rights, disputes over interests, and disputes over termination of employment. and disputes between trade unions/labor unions in only one company. Here the existence of law is only as a tool to secure the power of the owners of capital under the guise of moralists. It is not only the law that is used as a mere tool, but the role of the government, which should carry out the functions of supervision, prosecution, and the function of setting policies, cannot act as it should. It seems that the law which was originally used as a means of control cannot be used optimally in serving the interests of the community, and especially for workers who want to uphold the law (the rule of law). Here the effectiveness (enforcement) of the law begins to be questioned, and in particular the level of success in providing services to the industrial community
TINJAUAN YURIDIS PENERAPAN SANKSI PIDANA TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PEMALSUAN SERTIFIKAT VAKSIN COVID-19
Authors: Isnaini Rani Nur
Published: December 2022

The development of the increasing number of positive cases of the Covid-19 virus in various regions has had an impact on several sectors. To prevent the spread of this virus, a vaccination policy has been established by the Government. The position of the covid-19 vaccination is one of the efforts to make a person less susceptible to contracting the covid virus while also prioritizing health protocols. It becomes a problem if the proof of vaccination has been carried out using a writing or certificate that can be misused by other parties by means of forgery. The formulation of the problem proposed by the author is what is the legal basis that can be applied to perpetrators of counterfeiting covid-19 vaccine certificates and what are the forms of prevention against counterfeiting of covid-19 vaccine certificates. The research conducted by the author uses normative legal research using a statutory approach and a case approach. The results of the discussion are the legal basis that can be applied by law enforcement to the perpetrators of the crime of counterfeiting the covid-19 vaccine certificate referring to the provisions of Article 263 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code while the form of prevention of the crime of counterfeiting the covid-19 vaccine certificate is by preventive and repressive prevention using law enforcement
GC-FID and GC-MS profiling and in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of Chenopodium ambrosioides L.
Authors: Kasali Félicien , Ali Muhammad , Kadima Justin , Tusiimire Jonans , Lateef Mehreen , Omole Ruth , Tabakam Gaétan , Agaba Amon
Published: December 2022

Chenopodium ambrosioides is widely used in traditional medicines to manage several health conditions. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of the n-hexane fraction and the in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of C. ambrosioides L. The chemical composition was determined using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. In vitro evaluations were assessed by evaluating the inhibitory potentials on the activities of α-glucosidase and antioxidants. A total of 58 phytochemicals were identified belonging to 11 classes of substances, of which aliphatic hydrocarbons (38.25%), diterpenes (20.54%), esters (16.33%), triterpenes (11.91%), diverse functional groups (3.74%), aromatic hydrocarbons (2.64%), sesquiterpenes (2.31%), alcohols (1.41%), ketones (0.29%), monoterpenes (0.16%), and fatty acids (0.14%). The major compounds were heptacosane (30.48%) (46), phytol (20.94) (35), and squalene (11.07%) (56). The methanol extract and its fractions showed moderate α-glucosidase activity, but their IC50 values were lower than the positive control 1-deoxynojirimycin. However, the methanol and methanol-water fractions exhibited more scavenging activity on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl with IC50 values similar to butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). The plant is rich in various phytoconstituents, and its α-glucosidase and antioxidant status may justify its use in traditional medicine, especially for preventing complications of diabetes.
Hesitancy and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among Iraqi medical students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hamed Roaa Mokram , Ali Rihab Abbas , Nori Wassan
Published: December 2022

Background: Vaccine development against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is vital for pandemic containment. Reluctance or fear of taking the vaccine is a significant impediment to achieving full population immunity coverage. Medical students’ knowledge and education about vaccination are essential, as they will serve as healthcare providers.

Objectives: This study aimed to verify the major factors and barriers affecting vaccine acceptance.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in four of the main medical universities in the middle of Iraq. The survey was achieved via an online questionnaire in December 2021 from 638 medical students.

Results: Out of 4500 medical students, there were 638 participant respondents to the survey with a response rate of 14.2%. The main factor affecting vaccine acceptance is the probability of getting infected. The vaccination rate was significantly higher in those vulnerable to infections (p-value = 0.03). Most students (50.3%) believe that the vaccine was safe, and the vaccination rate was statistically significant in those groups (p-value = 0.0001). About 46.2% of the students believe that the vaccine is effective against the infection of COVID-19 (p-value = 0.0001), 44.8% of students were sure that the vaccine did not have major complications (p-value = 0.00001), and 41% (n = 262) of participants thought that the immunity acquired after SARS-CoV-2 infection is better than the immunity acquired by vaccination (p-value = 0.00001).

Conclusion: Vaccine efficacy and beliefs in immunity following COVID-19 were the most influential factors in vaccine intake. The concept of vaccination is widely accepted among medical students, and there is raised awareness about how important to get vaccinated.
Risk factors for the development of hepatic manifestations in COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms
Authors: Wahab Shaima Saadallah Abdel , Khalil Mothana A. , Majeed Yasin H.
Published: December 2022

Background: Abnormalities in liver function tests (LFTs) are found in 14%–53% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. These could occur in patients with or without previous chronic liver diseases. Knowing the risk factor of liver manifestations in COVID-19 subjects is crucial for the proper management of these patients.

Objectives: We aimed to identify the risk factors for liver manifestations as well as other risk factors in COVID-19 subjects who complained of digestive manifestations.

Materials and Methods: COVID-19 patients with and without liver manifestations at the Emergency Department of Al Fallujah Teaching Hospital were enrolled in this study. This study covered a period from September 15, 2022, to April 22, 2022. Comparisons between patients with or without abnormal LFTs were made. The possible risk variables connected to abnormal LFTs and hepatic manifestation were investigated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results: Out of 100 COVID-19 patients, there were 64 suffering from mild gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. There were 26 mild cases with abnormal LFTs (40.6%). Although there were nine (total number 22) and seven (total number 14) of the moderate and severe cases with liver involvement, there was no statistically significant difference between the digestive manifestations severity and liver involvement. Increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were linked to a greater incidence of LFTs, according to multivariable analysis (odds ratio [OR]: 45.05; P < 0.0001), elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST; OR: 3.462; P = 0.00041), elevated direct bilirubin (DBIL) (OR: 3.643; P < 0.001), and elevated d-dimer levels [OR]: 2.690; P < 0.0137) in liver involvement group compared with non-involvement patients.

Conclusions: Elevated ALT, AST, DBIL, and d-dimer are potential risk factors for liver manifestations in COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms.
Prevalence of hypertension among intermediate school children in Ramadi city, west of Iraq
Authors: Saeed Noor Yaseen , Al-Ani Mohammed Maher , Khudhur Warqaa Y.
Published: December 2022

Background: Adolescent hypertension is associated with significant health problems and can be progressive into adulthood.

Objective: The study was conducted to assess the prevalence of hypertension among intermediate school children (12–15 years) in Ramadi city and identify some of the possible associated factors.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was done on a sample of students who attended governmental intermediate schools in Ramadi city during the first school term (between October 1, 2019, and January 31, 2020). A total of 1817 pupils from different schools were included in this study. Blood pressure was measured for every child to obtain blood pressure percentile. Blood pressure percentile was derived from the blood pressure table in “THE FOURTH Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood pressure in children and Adolescents”. Weight and height were measured for every child to obtain the body mass index. Associated factors (age, gender, residence, physical activity, sleeping hours per day, and family history of hypertension) were assessed by a questionnaire specially prepared for this purpose.

Results: In this study, the prevalence of hypertension was 87 (5.7%), and prehypertension was 148 (9.8%) among intermediate school children in Ramadi city. The prevalence was nearly the same for males and females: without significant association with increasing age. Blood pressure was significantly influenced in children whose parents were hypertensive, a child who was obese, physically inactive, sleep for more than 10 hours per day.

Conclusion: Hypertension prevalence was found among adolescents in Ramadi city, west of Iraq. Efforts are needed to diagnose those cases and to explain the expected risk factors to their families.