bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inventory of medium-sized and large mammals in La Encrucijada Biosphere Reserve and Puerto Arista Estuarine System, Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Hernandez-Hernandez Julio C. , Chavez Cuauhtémoc
Published: August 2021

La Encrucijada Biosphere Reserve (REBIEN) and Puerto Arista Estuarine System (SEPA) are natural protected areas and Ramsar sites in Chiapas, Mexico. In this study, we conducted an inventory of medium-sized and large mammals using camera trapping. We recorded 23 species in the REBIEN and 13 species in the SEPA. In addition, 35% of the species recorded in the two sites are at some category of risk of extinction at the national or international level. The most abundant species in the REBIEN were Northern Raccoon (Procyon lotor (Linnaeus, 1758)) and White-Nosed Coati (Nasua narica (Linnaeus, 1766)). In the SEPA, White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)), Collared Peccary (Dicotyles crassus (Merrian, 1901)), and White-Nosed Coati (Nasua narica). Our results highlight the importance of both study sites in the conservation of medium-sized and large mammals and underline the urgent need to develop conservation strategies for these areas.
A metabolic lens on phytoplankton physiology
Authors:   , McLean Craig
Published: August 2021

hytoplankton are communities of diverse groups of prokaryotic and eukaryotic single-celled organisms responsible for nearly 50% of global primary production. The relative abundance of individual groups changes dynamically in response to environmental perturbations. Recent studies suggest that such changes are primarily driven by the distinct physiological responses employed by each group towards a particular perturbation. Although knowledge of some of these responses has come to light in recent years, many aspects of their metabolisms remain unknown. We attempt to address this gap by studying the metabolism of several phytoplankton groups using metabolomics. Firstly, we developed a method to enhance the analysis of untargeted metabolomics data. Secondly, we constructed two conceptual models describing how metabolism of the raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo responds to phosphorus and nitrogen stress. These conceptual models revealed several new stress response mechanisms not previously reported in other phytoplankton. Finally, we compared the metabolic changes of several distinct phytoplankton groups to uncover possible adaptation and acclimations that distinguish them. This analysis revealed several pathways and metabolites that represent the studied groups. The contributions of these pathways and metabolites towards physiology may support the ecological fitness of these organisms.
Determination & expression of chimeric protein in colorectal cancer: A bioinformatics Approach
Authors: Bhattacharyya Gargi , Chattopadhay Amit
Published: August 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for about 10% of cancer-related mortality in western countries. Increasing ageing population, undesirable modern dietary and high-risk factors like smoking, obesity and low exercise. Chromosomal instability (CIN), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP),
and microsatellite instability are the three different mechanism that give rise to CRC. It often grow slowly, and customarily doesn’t produce symptoms until reaching a substantial size of several centimeters, which can block the passage of feces and cause cramping, pain, or bleeding
which can present as visible bleeding with bowel movements or, rarely, dark “tarry” stools. Most colon tumors develop via a several different processes involving a series of histological, morphological, and genetical changes that accumulate over time to time. New treatments for
primary and metastatic colorectal cancer have emerged, like in variety of therapeutic process by preparing chimeric proteins that triggers the cells and stop it from getting severe.
A influência das Práticas Pedagógicas Docentes na Evasão Discente no Curso Técnico
Authors: Barbosa Nunes Everton , Silvano Antônio Marcos da Costa
Published: August 2021

A Educação Profissional e Tecnológica brasileira, nos últimos anos, principalmente de 2000 a 2016, vem passando por transformações oriundas de políticas públicas elaboradas visando a sua expansão e reestruturação. Frente a essas transformações, as escolas profissionalizantes são desafiadas a repensar e ressignificar a forma como mantêm elo com a sociedade. Vários aspectos precisam ser observados e questionados no sentido de contribuir para a permanência e sucesso dos discentes nas escolas profissionais. A evasão discente é um dos problemas enfrentados no ensino profissional, influenciada por diversos fatores que pesam na decisão do aluno em permanecer ou não no curso. Dentre esses elementos, destacam-se as práticas pedagógicas e sua relação com a aprendizagem e a motivação dos alunos, proporcionando um maior envolvimento com a instituição de ensino. O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as influências das práticas pedagógicas docentes na evasão dos discentes no Curso Técnico de Eletromecânica do IFCE/ Campus Avançado do Pecém. A referida pesquisa foi classificada, metodologicamente, como aplicada, com uma abordagem qualitativa, com características exploratórias e desenvolvida por meio de levantamento bibliográfico, estudos de casos e relatos de experiência. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram uma melhor compreensão da ocorrência da evasão no referido curso, elencando as suas possíveis motivações. Foi verificada a grande importância das práticas pedagógicas para a permanência dos discentes no curso, pois contribuem de forma significativa para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem.
Yükseköğretim Kurumlarının Finansmanı: Dünyadaki Uygulamalar İle Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz
Authors: YAKUT ÖZEK Bahar , AKBAŞLI Sait
Published: August 2021

Ülkelerin yükseköğretimi kültürel kalkınma, toplumsal kalkınma ve ilerleme için itici bir güç olarak görmesi yükseköğretime katılımı evrenselleştirmiştir. Yükseköğretime katılımın evrenselleşmesiyle toplumun her kesiminden erişim sağlanması sistemde nicel büyümeyi tetiklemiş, bu büyüme ile birlikte kamu harcamaları da artmıştır. Kamu harcamalarındaki artış finans sorununu da beraberinde getirmiştir. Ülkeler bir taraftan yükseköğretim talebini karşılayabilmek için büyümeyi sürdürürken diğer taraftan finans sorununu çözmek amacıyla finans kaynaklarının çeşitlenmesine yönelik alternatif uygulamalar üretmişlerdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da Türkiye’de yükseköğretimin finansmanı konusunda oluşan mali güçlükleri aşmak, kamu dışı kaynak bulmak ve kaynakları çeşitlendirmek adına yükseköğretim finans sistemi açısından farklılıklar gösteren ülkelerin finans modellerini incelemek ve Türkiye için önerilerde bulunmaktır. Bu kapsamda yükseköğretim finans sistemi açısından farklılıklar gösteren dört farklı sistem parametresi ölçüt alınmıştır. Bu parametreler doğrultusunda da Amerika, İngiltere, Japonya ve Türkiye’nin finans modelleri ve kaynakları incelenerek mevcut durumları ortaya konmuş ve Türkiye yükseköğretim finans sistemi için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Psikolojik Sermaye ve Örgütsel Güvenlerine İlişkin Bir Çalışma
Authors: ÖĞDEM Zeki , KARAKAŞ Ahmet , BEKTAŞ Fatih
Published: August 2021

Araştırmada, öğretmenlerin örgütsel psikolojik sermaye düzeyleri ile örgütsel güven düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin ve örgütsel psikolojik sermayenin örgütsel güvene etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Kilis ilinde görev yapan 220 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri t testi, ANOVA, korelasyon ve regresyon analizlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Yapılan analizler sonucunda örgütsel psikolojik sermayenin cinsiyet, mesleki kıdem ve mevcut okulda kıdem değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılaşmadığı; medeni durum değişkenine göre ise anlamlı farklılaştığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Örgütsel güvenin ise cinsiyet, medeni durum, mesleki kıdem ve mevcut okulda kıdem değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılaşmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Örgütsel psikolojik sermaye ve örgütsel güven arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan regresyon analizi sonucunda ise örgütsel psikolojik sermayenin örgütsel güvenin anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu anlamda örgütsel psikolojik sermayeye yapılacak katkıların örgütsel güven üzerinde de olumlu etki göstereceği göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.
Öğretmenlik Mesleğinin Statüsüne Yönelik Algı Ölçeği: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması
Authors: MEİRKULOVA Aida , GELİŞLİ Yücel
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğretmen ve aday öğretmenlerin öğretmenlik mesleğinin statüsünü nasıl algıladığını belirlemeye yönelik Likert tipli bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Araştırma tarama modelinde betimsel bir özellik göstermektedir. Araştırmanın örneklemini Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) için 319 katılımcı, Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) 960 katılımcı oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada ölçeğin kapsam geçerliği (KGO) için uzman görüşüne başvurulmuş, ikinci aşamada ölçeğin yapı geçerliği için Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) ve ölçeğin faktör yapısını doğrulamak için Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) uygulanmıştır. AFA sonucunda toplam varyansın % 39,298’ini açıklayan, 25 madden oluşan ve 3 faktörden oluşan bir yapı elde edilmiştir. Ortaya çıkan faktörler; «Öğretmen ve Öğretmenlik Mesleğinin Değeri» (ÖÖMD), «Öğretmenlik Mesleğine Verilen Önem (ÖMVÖ)», «Öğretmenlik Mesleğini Etkileyen Hususlar» (ÖMEH) olarak adlandırılmıştır. Ölçeğin genel Cronbach Alpha güvenirlik katsayısı .855 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca ölçeğin güveniliği için bağımsız gruplar t-testi sonucunda, alt-üst %27’lik gruplar arasında madde ve faktörlerin ayırt edici olduğu; madde toplam ve madde kalan korelasyon değerlerinin anlamlı olduğu saptanmıştır. Faktörler arasındaki korelasyon katsayısı, ölçeğin tümü için anlamlı bulunmuştur. AFA ile elde edilen üç faktörlü yapı, DFA ile test edilmiştir. Uyum indeksine göre önerilen üç faktörlü yapı doğrulanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen analizlere göre ölçeğin gerekli psikometrik özelliklere sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Critical Thinking Skills of Environmental Changes: A Biological Instruction Using Guided Discovery Learning-Argument Mapping (GDL-AM)
Authors: RISTANTO Rizhal , SABRİNA Arin , KOMALA Ratna
Published: August 2021

Based on the development of education in Indonesia today, teachers still teach in ways that make students memorize lessons. A learning model is needed that can support students to think critically. One of the learning models that can support students to think critically is through guided discovery learning model with argument mapping. This study aims to find out the influence of guided discovery learning models with an argument mapping to develop critical thinking skills. The research method used was quasi experimental and pretest-posttest control group design, the sample of the study consisted of 66 students drawn from 89 Senior High School Jakarta. This sample was divided into two groups to assign the experimental and control group. The experimental group was exposed to guided discovery learning and argument mapping, while the control group with conventional learning. The result of independent sample t-test with a significance level of α = 0.05 experimental group showed that p-value was 0.000. It can be concluded that there is the influence of the guided discovery learning with argument mapping on senior high school students’ critical thinking skills. The result of Normalized gain also show that the experimental group was effective to develop critical thinking skills (N-gain = 0.45). Furthermore, the study found out that N-gain for each indicator of critical thinking skills in the experimental group was higher than the control group. Basic clarification (N-gain = 0.31), bases for decision (N-gain = 0.68), inference (N-gain = 0.19), and advance clarification (N-gain = 1.2) were reported. Guided discovery learning with argument mapping should be an alternative learning medium to develop critical thinking skills.
Systematic analysis of digital reading studies in the digital age
Authors: ÇELİKTÜRK SEZGİN Zuhal
Published: August 2021

Digitalization has led to significant changes in reading like it does in almost every field. When traditional print reading is considered together with digital reading, it can be argued that digital reading differs from printed reading in many respects. Given the complex nature of reading, it is predictable that an in-depth examination of digital reading is needed. In this context, this research aims to determine the trends and prominent concepts/topics by examining the studies on digital reading in a systematic and holistic manner. In the research, peer reviewed articles related to the concept of digital reading indexed in the Web of Science database were analyzed. Data analysis methods such as content analysis, descriptive analysis and bibliometric analysis were used in the research. As a result of the research, it was seen that there was a significant increase in digital reading studies especially in recent years. It is also determined that digital reading studies are concentrated in developed countries. The data on the participants were also examined in the studies. Accordingly, it was identified that the highest number of studies took place at the K-12 level, and the participants generally had a lower-to-medium socioeconomic status. The sampled papers were also analyzed in terms of reading methods and it was seen that digital shared reading was used more than other reading methods. When the most commonly used variables, the most used concepts in the abstract sections or the most used keywords are examined, it is noticeable that the concept of reading comprehension comes to the fore. When the authors/references that received the most references in the field were analyzed, it was determined that OECD reports were referenced the most. In line with the findings obtained, results were discussed mutually with the literature and various inferences were made.
Teachers' attitudes and the challenges they experience concerning individualized education program (IEP): A mixed method study
Authors: KOZİKOĞLU İshak , ALBAYRAK Ezgi Nur
Published: August 2021

In this study, it was aimed to examine teachers' attitudes and challenges they experience concerning Individualized Education Program (IEP). Explanatory sequential design, one of the mixed methods, was used in this study. The study group of this study consists of 100 teachers working in the central districts of Van, Turkey within 2019-2020 academic year. In data collection, the scales of “Determining the Attitudes towards IEP Preparation Process”, “Determining the Challenges Concerning IEP Preparation Process” and a semi-structured interview form were used. Findings demonstrated that teachers have positive views about the IEP process, and the implementation of IEP is useful and essential. Concerning the challenges they experience during the IEP process, the teachers think that they do not have sufficient information about the planning, implementation and assessment/evaluation processes of IEP, the school/classroom is physically inadequate, and the classes are crowded in the implementation of IEP. In addition, it was found that as the positive attitudes of the teachers towards IEP increased, the challenges they encountered during the IEP process decreased. Based on the results of this study, it can be suggested that teachers should receive in-service training, physical conditions should be improved, the class size should be reduced, and cooperation should be provided between the family, classroom teachers and guidance counselor in order to conduct IEP in a healthier way.
Ultrasound- guided serratus posterior superior muscle plane block effectively treats interscapular pain To the editor v1
Authors: Mei Yang
Published: August 2021

There is no abstract in this article.
A method for assessing of ship fuel system failures resulting from fuel changeover imposed by environmental requirements
Authors: Kowalak Przemysław , Myśków Jarosław , Tuński Tomasz , Bykowski Dariusz , Borkowski Tadeusz
Published: August 2021

Environmental regulations instigated the technological and procedural revolution in shipping. One of the challenges has been sulfur emission control areas (SECA) and requirement of fuel changeover. Initially, many reports anticipated that new grades of low sulfur fuels might increase various technical problems in ship operation. This research develops a simple and easy to use method of the failure severity and intensity assessment in relation to fuel changeover. The scale of failure rate in the ship’s fuel system was evaluated qualitatively and quantitively, using developed failure frequency indicator and the time between failure. Based on 77 records of fuel system failures collected on seven ships, it has been found that frequency of failures related to SECA fuel changeover is on average nearly three times higher compared to the rest of sailing time. Their severity did not significantly change, but the structure of failures changed considerably. The method and presented results may help in improvement of ship’s systems design and on-board operational procedures.
Missing Hero: Co‐Producing Change in Social Housing Programmes
Authors: Knutagård Marcus , Heule Cecilia , Kristiansen Arne
Published: August 2021

The aim of this article is to develop theory and generate knowledge about the challenges and possibilities of co‐producing change in a social housing programme. The purpose of the project was to implement the Housing First philosophy in the social housing programme in the city of Helsingborg, Sweden. The aim was also to create opportunities for service user involvement. Several innovative measures were implemented in order for these changes to occur from autumn 2016 to summer 2017. The social services commissioned a university course on which social workers and their clients studied together on equal terms to create project plans for the further development of their own workplace. A “Future” workshop was held by the researchers with representatives from all the different housing options (the shelter, transitional housing, category housing, Housing First apartments), both clients and social workers. Repeated dialogue meetings were conducted at the different housing options to discuss how service user involvement could be developed and to discover new ways of participation. This article is based on a strengths‐based perspective using the theoretical discussions on social traps, as well as the concepts of enabling and entrapping niches. We show the importance of social workers identifying and supporting missing heroes—service users who want to participate and be involved in co‐producing change. We also show that if an organisation is not prepared for the initiated changes, there is a risk of disappointment due to awakened expectations that are not fulfilled. Building trust is also an important component to emerge from the material, but we also found that change processes can be initiated that continue and have impact beyond the initial project’s goals.
Language Mask of a Social Network User as a Tool for Constructing a Multiple Identity
Authors: Sukharevska Hanna
Published: August 2021

The main objective of the article is to analyse significance of the language mask for communications practices in social networks, its role in transformation of personal identity under the influence of network communication. In the study, we applied sociocultural and psycholinguistic analysis in the context of an interdisciplinary approach, as a synthesis of knowledge of social communication, psycholinguistics and cultural theory. In addition, critical analysis of media narratives and typology method have become an important toolkit. Summing up the study results, it should be noted that fulfilment of the universal human need for self-expression in anonymous conditions of network communication leads to a variety of different narrative masks in virtual discourse, which makes it difficult to create their unambiguous unified typology. However, it can be stated that creation of a linguistic mask is one of the important tools for constructing the identity of the author, who simultaneously appears as a marker of this identity. Today the existing typology of language strategies (event, analytical and artistic), in our opinion, should be supplemented by a visually oriented strategy, which is associated with the tendency of minimization of text formats and an increase of emphasis on the visual component. It is difficult to identify a separate strategy among ones that dominate in the modern network space, rather it is hybridity and a mixture of different strategies that generally corresponds to postmodern paradigm. In that regard, the interest in the phenomenon of multiple identity, when the network user creates not one but many language masks, becomes topical and relevant to the contemporary postmodern areas of research (actor-network theory). In this sense, identification of discursive levels (psychological, communication, philological) as meaningful discursive embodiments of narrative masks is relevant for future analysis, which different options of interaction can be used by the author to build a particular mask.
Modulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication by mu-opioid and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathways in human bone marrow progenitor cells
Authors:   , Banerjee Anupam , Wigdahl Brian , Nonnemacher Michael R.
Published: August 2021

Although studies have shown that human progenitors cells (HPCs) express the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) receptor CD4 and the co-receptor CXCR4 at mRNA and protein levels, attempts for detecting in vitro and in vivo infection of these cells have been inconsistent. In light of several recent reports suggesting that the bone marrow (BM) might serve as a potential long-lived reservoir for HIV-1, we sought to define conditions which might increase infection of undifferentiated HPCs. We utilized the CD34+/CD38+ human BM progenitor cell line TF-1 for our studies which has been shown to express CD4, CXCR4 and CCR5, consequently supporting productive infection by the 'CXCR4-utilizing' HIV-1 IIIB and the 'CCR5-utilizing' BaL strains. Since prolonged [mu]-opioid exposure has been reported to enhance HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, efforts to recapitulate it in TF-1 cells yielded a replication-inhibitory effect, emphasizing cell-type specific differences. Utilizing the specific adenyl cyclase activator forskolin to enhance cyclic-AMP (cAMP) response in these cells revealed the importance of the Protein Kinase A (PKA) pathway and the downstream transcription factor cyclic-AMP response element binding protein-1 (CREB-1) in enhancing CXCR4 and CCR5 transcription, HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) activity and IIIB replication. Furthermore, identification of cAMP response elements (CREs) in both the CXCR4 5' untranslated region (UTR) and the HIV-1 LTR pointed towards a common molecular mechanism behind these physiological effects. Given that patients in late stage HIV-1 disease have elevated levels of Prostaglandin E2, a natural cAMP inducing ligand, our studies highlight a critical and likely contribution of cAMP signaling in enhancing HIV-1 infection of HPCs in vivo.
Performa Pertumbuhan Ayam IPB-D1 pada Perlakuan Pakan dan Manajemen Pemeliharaan yang Berbeda
Authors: Al Habib Muhammad Fikri , Murtini Sri , Cyrilla Luci , Arief Irma Isnafia , Mutia Rita , Sumantri Cece
Published: August 2021

ABSTRAK. Pelepasan ayam IPB-D1 sebagai rumpun baru yang disebar di masyarakat maka sistem pemeliharaannya secara umum bersifat ekstensif dan pakan yang diberikan memanfaatkan pakan lokal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui performa ayam IPB-D1 dengan perlakuan pemeliharaan P1 (sistem kandang Closed House dan penggunaan 100% pakan komersil) serta perlakuan P2 (sistem kandang umbaran dan pencampuran pakan lokal hingga 70%). Penelitian ini menggunakan ayam IPB-D1 berjumlah 503 ekor DOC yang dipelihara hingga umur 12 minggu. Performa ayam diukur berdasarkan bobot badan, laju pertumbuhan, konsumsi pakan, konversi pakan serta tingkat kematian ayam pada umur DOC-12 minggu. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menyajikan rataan, simpangan baku, koefisien keragaman dan analisis statistik menggunakan uji T. Hasil penelitian performa ayam IPB-D1 pada perlakuan P1 diperoleh bobot badan jantan 1378.26±94.56 g dan betina 1178.33±119.33 g, sedangkan pada perlakuan P2 diperoleh bobot badan jantan 1173.8±260.1 g dan betina 957±201.7 g. Laju pertumbuhan pada kedua perlakuan bersifat positif, serta konversi pakan pada perlakuan P1 (2.88) dan P2 (3.44) cukup baik. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ayam IPB-D1 diperoleh performa yang sangat baik pada perlakuan P1 dan mampu beradaptasi pada perlakuan kandang sistem umbaran serta mampu memanfaatkan campuran pakan lokal yang baik pada perlakuan P2.  (The growth performance of IPB-D1 chickens in different feed treatments and production systems) ABSTRACT. The release of the IPB-D1 chicken as a new breed that is spread in the community, the production system is generally extensive and the feed provided utilizes local feed. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of IPB-D1 chicken with production treatment P1 (Closed House cage and use of 100% commercial feed) and P2 treatment (outdoor cage and use local feed mixing up to 70%). This study used 503 DOC IPB-D1 chickens which were maintained until 12 weeks of age. Chicken performance was measured based on body weight, growth rate, feed consumption, feed conversion and chicken mortality at 1-12 weeks. Data were statistically analyzed using the T test and descriptive analysis with means, standard deviations, and coefficient of diversity. The results of the study of the performance of IPB-D1 chickens in P1 treatment obtained male body weights 1378.26 ± 94.56 g and females 1178.33 ± 119.33 g, while in P2 treatment obtained male body weights 1173.8 ± 260.1 g and females 957 ± 201.7 g. Growth rates in both treatments were positive, and feed conversion was good in P1 treatments (2.88) and P2 treatments (3.44). The conclusion is that the IPB-D1 chicken obtained a very good performance in the P1 treatment and was able to adapt to the treatment of outdoor cages and was able to utilize the local feed mixture in the P2 treatment.
Blood Transfusions and Palliative Care: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ibáñez Marta , Vicuña María , Málaga Luis , Vega Diana
Published: August 2021

Anemia is an important condition related with symptoms in the later stages of disease; according to World Health Organization its prevalence is between 68-77% in patients with advanced cancer. There is no specific clinical guideline and we do not have clear evidence of the effect of blood transfusions in palliative care. Objective: Understand indicators and complications of the transfusions on advanced cancer patients. Methodology: In 2019 a systematic review on PubMed and Cochrane took place, using the key words: Palliative care AND Blood transfusion; analyzing: Type of study; sample size; Pathologies; transfusion criterion; Transfusions benefits; side effects; Survival; and amount of transfused concentrates. Results: 81 articles selected, adding 6 after a full text reading. For the most part, patients with solid tumors are described and some with no oncology pathology. The symptoms indicated by the transfusion are: Fatigue, dyspnea, asthenia, headache and/or brisk bleeding. Transfused unit’s average was 2 units. Only two studies present a post-transfusion recovery and less than half display information as to associated mortality. Conclusions: There is no consensus regarding the transfusion indication. The asthenia recovery, well-being, and quality of life based on subjective criteria, are the main effects described. More studies are required.
The First Dive into the Ocean of Non-Face-to-Face Learning
Authors: Akram Ashfaq , Sheikh Saeed , Fuad Maher , Aziz Qamar , Ahmed Asif
Published: August 2021

Introduction Students’ self-learning time that takes place outside of the classroom is an unmeasured learning time. In medical education, students’ learning in the presence and the absence of a teacher are ‘Face-to-Face’ (F2F) and ‘Non-Face-to-Face’ (NF2F) learning, respectively. Traditionally, the content of a topic delivered by a teacher in a one-hour lecture is recognized as F2F learning time. However, its mirror NF2F learning time that is students’ self-learning remains unknown. The objective of this study was to reckon the NF2F learning time for pharmacology topics taught by F2F one-hour lecture method. Methods In a cross-over study, following convenience sampling, two cohorts of undergraduate medical students (N=200) were randomly divided into two equal subgroups; group I and group II. For data purposes, novice and expert faculty categorized based on their teaching experience taught two pharmacology topics (Aminoglycosides drugs and Estrogen drugs) by lecture method. Respondents gave their perceived NF2F (self-learning) time on a Five-point Likert scale. The association of teaching experience and NF2F learning time of students was observed by applying the chi-square test. Results For contents delivered in a one-hour lecture, the NF2F learning time by most students was ≥ 3 hours. There was a significant statistical association between students NF2F learning time and teachers’ experience for ‘Aminoglycosides drugs’ [X2, 95% CI: 4.985, 2.062 (1.087, 3.193), p 0.026]. It was noted that the NF2F learning time had no association with gender (P> 0.05). Conclusion Mostly, the required NF2F learning time is more than double the time of F2F time. The implication of this study suggests that the estimation of students’ NF2F learning time may likely be estimated for other topics of pharmacology in a controlled manner.
Recreational Activities and d-Amphetamine Effects in High and Low Sensation Seekers
Authors: Kelly Thomas , Klebaur Jennifer , Perry Andrea , Martin Catherine , Lynam Donald , Bardo Michael
Published: August 2021

This study examined the behavioral effects of d-amphetamine and recreational activities, alone and in combination, in high and low impulsive sensation seekers. Healthy 18-27 year-old participants, scoring in the upper (N=8) or lower (N=8) third of college students on the impulsive sensation-seeking scale of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire, completed eight test days in which sessions were completed before (i.e., baseline) and 60, 120 and 180 minutes after d-amphetamine (0, 10 mg/70 kg) administration. Between sessions, subjects completed recreational activities (movies, music, reading, videogames) identified as high or low in sensation value. Each of four conditions (low and high sensation value activities combined with placebo and active drug) was administered under double-blind conditions on 2 days according to a randomized-block design. Typical stimulant-like cardiovascular and task performance effects were engendered by d-amphetamine; consistent with previous research, the magnitude of drug effects were greater among high sensation seekers. High sensation value activities engendered independent stimulant-like effects on subject ratings. These results suggest that d-amphetamine and high sensation stimulus materials may activate a common neurobiological substrate, likely the mesolimbic dopamine system, and that individual differences in sensation seeking status play a role in vulnerability to stimulant drug abuse.
The Weddinger Modell – A Systematic Review of the Scientific Findings to Date and Experiences from Clinical Practice
Authors: Oster Anna , Cole Celline , Mahler Lieselotte
Published: August 2021

Establishing a stable and trusting therapeutic relationship is of particular relevance in the treatment of people with (severe) mental disorders and plays a crucial role in preventing escalations and avoiding coercive measures. However, rigid ward structures and rules leave little room and flexibility for the individual needs and explanatory models of persons in acute crises. Considering this background and based on practical experience, a new recovery-oriented treatment concept, the Weddinger Modell, was developed and implemented in 2010 at the Department of Psychiatry of the Charité at the St. Hedwig Hospital (PUK SHK) in Berlin. After having worked with the Weddinger Modell for over 10 years, the model’s effectiveness for promoting treatment quality and therapeutic relationship and preventing coercion has been proven in numerous scientific studies and in daily clinical practice. This literature review aims at providing a systematic overview of the scientific findings to date on mechanisms and effects of the Weddinger Modell. For this purpose, a literature search was conducted in all relevant bibliographic databases. Overall, eight studies examining the Weddinger Modell, either as a whole model or focusing on specific parts of the model, were included in this study and systematically analyzed with regard to the following variables: aim of the study, sample, evaluated aspect of the Weddinger Modell, measured variable (method used), date of evaluation, and outcome. Three main dimensions of effects (promotion of treatment quality, prevention of coercion, reduction of negative effects after coercion) of the Weddinger Modell were found. The findings of this review are presented with regard to the specific requirements in the treatment of people in acute psychiatric crises and linked with different phases in the course of psychiatric treatment (Fig. 2). Furthermore, the findings are considered in light of their practical relevance and the flexible and resource-efficient implementation of the Weddinger Modell in (acute) psychiatric settings is discussed.
Body composition, fitness, and eating behaviors deteriorate during the COVID-19 pandemic in at-risk pediatric patients
Authors: Vanderwall Cassandra , Eickhoff Jens , Clark R , Carrel Aaron
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered children's daily routines. The health impacts of our obesogenic environment are exacerbated by COVID-19. Many clinicians have concerns that the lack of structured activity, increased stress and altered eating behaviors would lead to increases in adiposity in children. The present study examined changes in body composition as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in pediatric patients in larger bodies and demonstrates significant increases in total body fat, percent body fat (%fat), and BMI z-score, as well as markers of insulin resistance. In this retrospective, longitudinal study, body composition was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) within a multidisciplinary pediatric fitness clinic at an academic medical center. Visit dates were categorized into Pre-COVID-19 (before 4/1/2020) and Peri-COVID-19 (on or after 4/1/2020). Linear mixed effects modeling was conducted to evaluate changes in clinical and laboratory outcomes from Pre- to Peri-COVID-19. Baseline assessment was obtained from 650 patients with higher BMI scores (52% male) with a mean (SD) age of 12.3 (3.2) years. The adjusted mean BMI z-score (BMIz) was significantly higher in the Peri-COVID-19 sample when compared to the Pre-COVID-19 samples (2.31 vs. 2.25, P < 0.0001) which can be attributed to greater total fat mass (TFM) of 93.0 (90.0-96.4) lbs. (P = 0.007) and %FAT of 40.2% (39.2-41.2) as compared to the Pre-COVID-19 patients. The COVID-19 pandemic influenced social determinants and lifestyle factors. Most notable changes observed were negative changes in physical activity and screen time. The need for social isolation in a pandemic has resulted in worsening obesity and its comorbidities, and pediatricians need to be aware of this issue. The COVID-19 pandemic exerts disproportionate burden on children and families, magnifying their vulnerability to changes in body composition and chronic disease risk.
Determination of ELISA reactive mumps IgG antibodies in MMR vaccine recipients in comparison with MMR vaccine naïve children: a cross sectional study
Authors: Bhargava Riya , Saxena Naveen , Gupta Parul , Bhargava Abhishek
Published: August 2021

Background: Mumps is a vaccine preventable infectious disease characterized by parotitis. In India mumps vaccines are not currently used under NIP. Waning of vaccine-induced immunity is considered to play a central role in the reemergence of mumps. The comprehensive data on the seroepidemiology of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) as well as studies which compare the antibody titer among mumps vaccine naïve with mumps vaccinated children are lacking. The aim of our study is to estimate and compare Mumps specific antibody titer in children with and without MMR vaccine. Current study is a cross sectional observational study.Methods: In 2019/2020, blood samples were collected from 100 healthy children attending immunization clinic in government medical college Kota and associated J. K. Lon maternal and child care hospital Kota. The samples were investigated for MMR IgG antibodies using ELISA.Results: Out of total 100 children included in the study 32.27% vaccinated and 4.83% Non-vaccinated were positive for Mumps IgG antibody in the age group of 6m to 6 year. While in the age group of 6year to 12 year there was 31.57% and 26.57% positivity respectively. The seroprevalence of measles, mumps and rubella antibodies among 50 MMR vaccinated children was 94%, 64%, and 96% respectively. A high measles and rubella seroprevalence was observed among all children age groups, suggesting an effective control program, while the mumps seroprevalence decreased significantly with age.Conclusions: The maximum vaccine effectiveness against mumps for 2 doses of MMR vaccine is≈96% therefore the herd immunity threshold to block mumps virus transmission is ≥86%. As per our study only 64% of the vaccinated children were found to have IgG Mumps Ab. In view of morbidity following mumps infection there is a need to incorporate mumps vaccine along with measles and rubella vaccine in the NIP instead of MR.
Evaluation of chronic gastritis with Helicobacter pylori using updated Sydney system
Authors: L. Anjana M. , Yevoor Kavitha
Published: August 2021

Background: Helicobacter pylori has been established as a major etiological factor in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis. The aim of the study was to interpret the histopathological changes in chronic gastritis using updated Sydney system and the association with H. pylori infection.Methods: This was a 3 years study in which 62 gastric endoscopic mucosal biopsies taken from patients presenting with dyspepsia were included. Slides were stained with routine H and E and Giemsa for H. pylori detection in chronic gastritis cases. Grading of the variables were done with reference to Sydney system of classification.Results: Out of 62 gastric biopsy specimens, 55 cases (88.7%) were histopathological diagnosed as chronic gastritis. Among chronic gastritis, 21 (38%) cases showed H. pylori and majority of these being moderately (2+) positive. 27 (49%) cases showed neutrophilic activity with most of them showed mild (1+) activity. Chronic inflammation was seen 52 (94.5%) with majority of these graded as moderate (2+). Intestinal metaplasia was seen in 8 (14.5%) of cases with majority being mild (1+). Atrophy was seen only in 3 (5.4%) of cases with majority being mild (1+). Significant statistical association was found between H. pylori and neutrophilic activity (p<0.001).Conclusions: Histological evaluation of chronic gastritis using updated Sydney system of classification helps in detection of H. pylori infection and prevents further progression of the disease.
IgG4-related disease: a review with an Indian perspective
Authors: Duggal Lalit , Jain Neeraj , Singh Bhandari Gurbir , Patel Jeet Hemant Kumar , Goyal Vishal , Gupta Disha
Published: August 2021

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a recently discovered (2003) complex disease, manifesting in various organs with symptoms mimicking other diseases. Progression of the disease leads to organ failure and hence early diagnosis is an urgent requirement in these patients. There is scarcity in reporting of IgG4-RD globally and in India. The aim of the study was to generate awareness on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and practice trends for IgG4-RD in India and globally, and to aid Indian physicians in early diagnosis of IgG4-RD in patients. Additionally, the evidence currently available in the Indian subpopulation has been evaluated. A preliminary literature search was performed using the PubMed database with the keywords including ‘IgG4-related disease’ in the title and abstract to obtain the relevant data. In total, PubMed identified 2071 publications comprising world-wide studies published in the English language before 30 April 2021. Studies were filtered region-wise by adding ‘India’ to the search strategy and total 60 publications were identified. The relative newness of IgG4-RD and the ensuing paucity in literature limits diagnosis by clinicians. Awareness of the disease among Indian clinicians would improve understanding of the disease and development of a country-specific consensus-based management guideline might lead to better prognosis in Indian patients with IgG4-RD.
Knowledge of yoga among cancer patients and their attendants: a survey in a tertiary cancer centre in North East India
Authors: Boro Sumanjit S. , Kakati Kaberi , Kataki Amal Chandra
Published: August 2021

Yoga is an ancient Indian science that has evolved over thousands of years. Yoga deals with the physical, mental, moral and spiritual well-being of an individual.1 We have conducted an electronic survey amongst the cancer patients and attendants of our hospital about their knowledge of yoga. It’s a survey of 62 participants from 15/06/2021 to 18/06/2021 (before international yoga day on 21/06/21), 46.8% of the participants are male and 53.2% are female in the survey. The age of the participants ranges from 9 to 69 years. We have designed a set of ten questions, first six questions are designed to know their knowledge about the beneficial effects of the yoga, next two questions are about the misconceptions, cautions and guidance needs while performing yoga and the last two questions about the possibility of the practical application of it in their life. In our survey, we find that 93.5% of the participants think yoga reduces stress, 96.8% think yoga reduces fatigue, 95.2% opine yoga improves sleep, 93.5% feel yoga improves posture-related dysfunctions in cancer patients. Regarding chances of recurrence in cancer patients, 75.8% of patients think it has a negative impact on recurrence, 40.3% of participants have an opinion that yoga can cure cancer (no study till now proves that yoga cures cancer), and 90.3% feels that unguided yoga can cause injuries. At last, 93.5% patients feel yoga improve quality of life in cancer patients and 93.5% want to implement yoga in their daily life. From our survey, it seems participants have a fair idea of the benefits of yoga in cancer.
Systemic enzyme therapy with trypsin, bromelain and rutoside in the management of arthritis: an overview
Authors: Kulkarni Abhay P. , Bendrey Himanshu A.
Published: August 2021

Chronic arthritis, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, is a growing major public health problem leading to disability and reduced quality of life. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs form the mainstay of treatment for chronic arthritis. The protracted use of the conventional medications for their management is fraught with shortcomings, including safety concerns. Proteolytic enzymes and antioxidant combinations have been used empirically, since ages, in many of these conditions. There is a growing body of evidence indicating the beneficial effects exerted by the individual ingredients and their combinations on the pathophysiology of arthritis. The analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous, anti-thrombotic and anti-oxidant properties of these substances have been demonstrated in multiple in vitro and animal models. Furthermore, the therapeutic use of proteolytic enzyme-antioxidant combination is also supported by clinical trials in arthritis and related disorders. Such studies have mostly been carried out on preparations consisting of combinations of trypsin, bromelain and rutoside. The results of various studies (placebo-controlled and comparisons with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) drugs) in patients with arthritis suggest that oral therapy with such enzyme-antioxidant combination produces improvement in all major clinical parameters like swelling, pain and joint stiffness and have comparable efficacy to NSAIDs. Some clinical studies also evaluated their effect on biochemical markers like cytokines, interferons and prostaglandins and reported remarkable improvements. The overall data also indicates that the tolerability of the enzyme-antioxidant combination is better than conventional therapies.
A prospective clinico-etiological study of 100 cases of pancytopenia in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Sabita Palai , Kumar Swain Santosh , Kumar Nayak Rajeeb , Majha Majhi , Kumar Padhi Prabhat , Manoranjan Behera
Published: August 2021

Pancytopenia is a hematological entity which is relatively common. Its evaluation is important for arriving at an early and correct diagnosis, to aid in appropriate management.

It was an observational study conducted in the Department of General Medicine and Clinical Hematology of our institute from June 2019 to May 2020. Clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters of 100 pancytopenic patients were evaluated and descriptive statistics was used.

The age ranged from 18-75 years. The commonest presentation was easy fatigability and fever. Besides pallor, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly were the presenting signs. Megaloblastic anaemia was detected in 64% followed by aplastic anaemia in 12% and acute leukemia in 6% patients. Among infective etiologies, two cases of malaria (P. falciparum). And each case of HIV, tuberculosis and dengue were seen.

Lowest Hb% of 1.8 gm/dl, lowest total leucocyte count (TLC) of 500cells/cmm and lowest total platelet count (TPC) of 4000 cells/cmm was noted in a case of aplastic anemia. Macrocytic anemia was predominant blood picture. Hypercellular marrow was noted in 70(70%) cases and common cause was megaloblastic anemia, followed by leukaemia. Hypocellular marrow was noted in 12(12%) patients with aplastic anemia being commonest cause.

In our study diagnosis of pancytopenia and its causes were ascertained by hematological investigations. An early and prompt treatment was given according to the cause and severity. Most of the cases had good prognosis due to a treatable cause.
Evaluation of results of fracture head and neck of radius managed by varius methods
Authors: Kumar Panda Sambit , Soren Surai , Kumar Nayak Ashok , Kumar Nayak Rabindra , Ranjan Parida Pravash
Published: August 2021

Radial head fractures are the most frequent fracture type reported around the elbow. Fractures have been documented to occur in isolation or with other associated osseous and soft tissue injuries. However, despite intensive research into these injuries, controversies still exist regarding the role of further imaging modalities, the use of non-operative management, as well as the indication and technique for operative intervention.

To analyses the clinical and functional outcome of patients with head and neck fracture of radius managed by conservative method, open reduction and internal fixation, radial head prosthesis and radial head excision.

This study “evaluation of results of fracture head and neck of radius managed by various methods” was carried out in M.K.C.G Medical College, Berhampur from September 2017 to October 2019. Eighty patients of radial head and neck fractures were treated and hereby included in our study. We collected records of the patients by asking the patients history and examining the patients. Essential investigations of all the patients were done. The primary outcome measures were the surgeon reported Mayo Elbow Score (MES) and the patient reported Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA).

Current evidence supports open reduction and internal fixation of simple Mason type II fractures. For Mason type III fractures, controversy still exists regarding the optimal treatment. Studies currently show good to excellent results with radial head replacement in the majority of patients with Mason type III fractures with three or more fracture fragments.