bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progressive osseous heteroplasia, as an isolated entity or overlapping with Albright hereditary osteodystrophy
Authors: Lin Maria H. , Numbenjapon Nawaporn , Germain-Lee Emily L. , Pitukcheewanont Pisit
Published: July 2015

Progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH) is a condition of invasive heterotopic ossification. Reports of patients with mild POH with Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO), specifically pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ia (PHP Ia) with hormonal resistance, suggest the possibility of a common molecular basis.

A 4-year-old boy with obesity, speech delay, and expanding subcutaneous masses on buttock/forearm. Physical exam revealed round facies and brachydactyly. Blood tests showed normal Ca, P, Mg, 25-OH vitamin D levels but elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed areas with calcifications in the subcutaneous tissue, fat, and muscle. Pathology of excised tissue revealed ossifications. Genomic study revealed no

A 3-year-old boy with painful ossifications in the left lower extremity. Lab tests were notable for elevated PTH and high-normal TSH. The CT-scan showed subcutaneous/intramuscular calcifications. Genetic testing showed

A 9-year-old boy with knee pain and subcutaneous ossifications in back and upper/lower extremity, causing significantly limited joint mobility. Lab tests were normal. The CT-scan showed areas corresponding to subcutaneous/intramuscular ossifications throughout torso and extremities, consistent with POH. There was no

Patients with heterotopic ossifications present with a wide spectrum of disease. Although
Monitoring gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) treatment in girls with central precocious puberty: a comparison of four methods
Authors: Zung Amnon , Burundukov Ella , Ulman Mira , Glaser Tamar , Zadik Zvi
Published: July 2015

The objective of this study was to validate basal, post-gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (post-GnRHa) and first-voided urinary LH (ULH) as alternatives to an LHRH stimulation test in monitoring treatment efficacy in central precocious puberty (CPP).

Seventeen girls with CPP were followed over 22.5±9.1 months during GnRHa (triptorelin) treatment. ULH and post-GnRHa LH levels were obtained every 4 months before and 24 h after GnRHa administration, respectively, along with clinical and bone age (BA) evaluation. LHRH stimulation tests were performed annually.

A total of 36 LHRH stimulation tests demonstrated adequate suppression with a peak LH of 0.57±0.33 IU/L. The corresponding basal LH was 0.27±0.16 IU/L. Ninety post-GnRHa LH measurements were similar to LHRH-stimulated LH levels (0.56±0.31 IU/L), whereas 8% of ULH levels were above prepubertal threshold. Fourteen episodes of growth acceleration and ten episodes of BA advancement resolved without treatment modification.

Suppressed basal and post-GnRHa LH levels indicate adequate suppression of puberty. Clinical breakthroughs during treatment are transient and resolved spontaneously.
Playing on artificial turf may be an advantage for Norwegian soccer teams
Authors: Hvattum Lars Magnus
Published: July 2015

Soccer is as popular as ever, and the sport attracts significant attention from spectators, sponsors, media, and academics. One aspect of the sport that has received relatively little attention, is the effect of the playing surface on the sporting performance of a team. In particular, this paper is concerned with measuring the performance of teams that switch from playing their games on natural grass to playing their games on artificial turf. It is shown that teams, on average, achieve improved results after switching, and that this, at least in part, can be explained by an increased home field advantage.
The Relevance of the principle of Relevance for Word Order Variation in Complex Referring Expressions in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Chen Liang , Ming Tao , Jiang Xiangyu
Published: July 2015

Word order variation in Mandarin Chinese results in two constructions consisting of a noun phrase (NP), a cluster of a demonstrative and a classifier (DM), and a relative clause (RC): the OMN with the RC+DM+NP order and the IMN with DM+RC+NP order. This study used corpus data to show correlational patterns of constructional choices. Specifically, OMN is associated with new and inanimate NPs serving the grammatical role of object in the relative clause that serves the discourse function of identification. By contrast, for IMN, the head NP tends to carry given information, tends to be an animate entity, tends to serve the grammatical role of subject in the relative clause, and tends to have an RC that serves the discourse function of characterization. We suggest that the usage patterns can be interpreted in terms of the cognitive and communicative principles of relevance (Sperber and Wilson 1995).
“No Fats, Femmes, or Asians”
Authors: Liu Xiaofei
Published: July 2015

A frequent caveat in online dating profiles – “No fats, femmes, or Asians” – caused an LGBT activist to complain about the bias against Asians in the American gay community, which he called “racial looksism”. In response, he was asked that, if he himself would not date a fat person, why he should find others not dating Asians so upsetting. This response embodies a popular attitude that personal preferences or tastes are simply personal matters – they are not subject to moral evaluation. In this paper, I argue, against this popular attitude, that a personal preference like racial looksism is indeed wrong. A preference like racial looksism is wrong because it is an overgeneralization that disrespects individuality by treating people as exchangeable tokens of one type, and such disrespect denies its objects appreciation that their dignity entitles them to. As it turns out, there is on my account a relevant moral difference between racial looksism and simple looksism.
Hybrid practices meet nation-state language policies: Transcarpathia in the twentieth century and today
Authors: Csernicskó István , Laihonen Petteri
Published: July 2015

From the early twentieth century to the present day, Transcarpathia has belonged to several states: the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy, Czechoslovakia, the Hungarian Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and finally to Ukraine. The status of what counts as a minority and a majority language has changed each time the state affiliation has been changed. Based on the long term research by Csernicskó, and on the one-month fieldwork carried out by Laihonen in 2012, our goal is to provide an autonomous critical account and discourse analysis of the linguistic situation in Transcarpathia. We draw examples especially from the linguistic landscape, which documents the hybrid practices difficult to catch with other means. Different nation states have aimed to evaluate certain languages over others. However, Transcarpathia has been too far away from different national centers and it has therefore remained a periphery. In the everyday life of Transcarpathians, ironies around language repertoires, standardization and heteroglossia come into the fore, especially in the current context. Such unexpected linguistic practices or “pre-nationalist” and “non-purist” ideologies offer a change to see how certain categories, such as language, have remained in their hybrid forms and are still clearly “in the making”.
Overcoming Eurocentrism in Human Rights: Postcolonial Critiques – Islamic Answers?
Authors: Bonnet Sebastian
Published: July 2015

Human rights are a contested concept. One important strand of criticism concerns the charge of their Eurocentrism, formulated in particular by postcolonial theorists and scholars. Although postcolonial perspectives are now increasingly acknowledged, attempts to incorporate non-Western approaches into the discourse on human rights are still rare. This article considers whether Islamic human rights concepts can address the postcolonial critiques and decenter human rights discourse and politics from the West. Working within the methodological framework of comparative political thought, the article regards Islamic approaches not simply as counter-discourses but analyzes their potential to supplement the dominant theory and practice of human rights and correct some of its inherent flaws. Informed by the critical analysis of Makau Mutua and Gayatri C. Spivak, the primary focus is on alternatives to the liberal individualist framework of human rights as evident in the concept of the autonomous individual subject of rights, and the balancing of individual rights with ethics and notions of responsibility in particular.
Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 in seasonal affective disorder: underestimated perspectives?
Authors: Kulikov Alexander V. , Popova Nina K.
Published: July 2015

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is characterized by recurrent depression occurring generally in fall/winter. Numerous pieces of evidence indicate the association of SAD with decreased brain neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) system functioning. Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) is the key and rate-limiting enzyme in 5-HT synthesis in the brain. This paper concentrates on the relationship between TPH2 activity and mood disturbances, the association between human
Electric foot shock stress: a useful tool in neuropsychiatric studies
Authors: Bali Anjana , Jaggi Amteshwar Singh
Published: July 2015

Electric foot shock is a complex stressor with both physical and emotional components. It has been employed as an important tool to develop diverse animal models in the field of psychopharmacology. The electric foot shock paradigm includes acute or chronic exposures of shocks of varying intensity and duration on an electrified grid floor in an electric foot shock apparatus. Research evidence reveals that foot shocks of varying intensity produce behavioral and neurochemical changes reflecting depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in humans. Animals generally do not habituate to foot shocks in comparison to other stressors, including loud noise, bright light, and hot and cold temperatures. Additionally, it offers an experimental advantage of control over intensity and duration; therefore, by varying its application parameters, different disorder models have been created. Electric foot shock fear conditioning-induced ultrasonic vocalization and fear-potentiated startle have been explored to develop models of anxiety and panic. Similarly, fear conditioning in the form of foot shock exposure followed by situational reminders has been used to develop a model of PTSD. Electric foot shock-induced conflict has been explored to develop operant conflict models (Geller-Seifter and Vogel tests), which in turn are pharmacologically validated to screen potential anti-anxiety agents. Inescapable electric shock-induced ‘learned helplessness’ mimics the symptomology of depression, and this phenomenon has been employed to develop the model of depression. The present review describes the pharmacologically validated models of anxiety, depression, and PTSD involving electric foot shock as an aversive stimulus.
A General Approximate Solution for Stretching Problems in Viscous Fluid
Authors: Asghar Saleem , Jalil Mudassar , Alsaedi Ahmed
Published: July 2015

In this study, we propose a boundary value problem that contains two arbitrary parameters in the differential equation and show that the results of a number of existing stretching problems (linear, power law, and exponential stretching) are the special cases of the proposed boundary value problem. A two-term analytic asymptotic solution of this problem is developed by introducing a small parameter in the differential equation. Interest lies in the finding of rare exact analytical solutions for the zeroth and first order systems. Surprisingly, only a two-term closed form of analytical solution shows an excellent match with the existing literature. The solution for second-order system is found numerically to improve the accuracy of the approximate solution. The generalised analytic solution is tested over a number of stretching problems for the velocity field and skin friction coefficient showing an excellent match. In conclusion, various stretching problems discussed in literature are special cases of this study.
Femtosecond Infrared Spectroscopy of Aroylperoxide Photofragmentation – Site Selective Decarboxylation
Authors: Vennekate Hendrik , Reichardt Christian , Walter Arne , Fuest Harald , Schroeder Jörg , Schwarzer Dirk
Published: July 2015

The ultrafast photofragmentation of acetyl-benzoyl peroxide (ABPO) and
2-naphthoyl-benzoyl peroxide (NBPO) after UV excitation at
266 nm is studied by mid-infrared transient absorption
spectroscopy. 13C-isotopic labelling is employed to unravel
the primary fragmentation paths. For NBPO it appears that excitation
of the benzoyloxy part causes decarboxylation exclusively at that
site. In ABPO the acetyloxy part completely decarboxylates upon
266 nm excitation while only 80% – 85% of the
benzoyloxyl radicals formed decarboxylate. The remaining radicals
either combine with methyl radicals to methylbenzoate within about
30 ps or survive on the time scale of the experiment
(1.5 ns). Photofragmentation of ABPO occurs from the
S1-state whose lifetime is about 200 fs. All
fragmentation products including CO2 also appear on this time
scale.
The “Genetic Program”: Behind the Genesis of an Influential Metaphor
Authors: Peluffo Alexandre E
Published: July 2015

The metaphor of the “genetic program,” indicating the genome as a set of instructions required to build a phenotype, has been very influential in biology despite various criticisms over the years. This metaphor, first published in 1961, is thought to have been invented independently in two different articles, one by Ernst Mayr and the other by François Jacob and Jacques Monod. Here, after a detailed analysis of what both parties meant by “genetic program,” I show, using unpublished archives, the strong resemblance between the ideas of Mayr and Monod and suggest that their idea of genetic program probably shares a common origin. I explore the possibility that the two men met before 1961 and also exchanged their ideas through common friends and colleagues in the field of molecular biology. Based on unpublished correspondence of Jacob and Monod, I highlight the important events that influenced the preparation of their influential paper, which introduced the concept of the genetic program. Finally, I suggest that the genetic program metaphor may have preceded both papers and that it was probably used informally before 1961.
Adaptation and Validation of the Motivation Scale in Physical Education Classes/Adaptacija i validacija upitnika motivacije u nastavi Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture
Authors: Milavić Boris , Milić Mirjana , Jurko Damir , Grgantov Zoran , Marić Kristijan
Published: July 2015

AbstractWith the purpose of adapting the sport motivation scale (Pelletier, Fortier, Vallerand, Tuscon, Briere, & Blais, 1995) to the population of students in the final grades of elementary school, that is, with the purpose of measuring their motivation in physical education classes, 305 female and male students of finishing grades were examined. All scales had good metric characteristics, except the unsatisfactory reliability of the external motivation – introjected variable. For both genders, measures of motivation are projected in two components, interpreted as intrinsic motivation, and as amotivation and external regulation. Male students expressed significantly higher values in both scales defining the second factor. The percentage of good and less cumulative grade point average was significantly higher for male students, whereas the percentage of very good and excellent cumulative grade point average was higher for female students. Discriminant analysis has shown that female students with a lower cumulative grade point average (good and satisfactory) were characterized by higher values of external regulation and of amotivation for participating in physical education classes. There were no significant differences found in either gender regarding the motivation in physical education classes in groups differing in their physical education grade point average.Keywords: exercise; external motivation; internal motivation; metric characteristics; students  ---  SažetakS ciljem prilagodbe upitnika motivacije za sport (Pelletier, Fortier, Vallerand, Tuscon, Briere i Blais, 1995) populaciji završnih razreda osnovne škole, odnosno s ciljem mjerenja njihove motivacije u nastavi Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture, 305 učenica i učenika završnih razreda osnovnih škola popunilo je prilagođeni upitnik. Sve ljestvice imaju dobre mjerne karakteristike, osim nezadovoljavajuće pouzdanosti varijable eksternalne motivacije – introjicirane. U oba spola mjere motivacije za izvedbu nastave Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture projiciraju se u dvije komponente interpretirane kao unutrašnja motivacija, amotivacija i eksternalna regulacija. Učenici imaju značajno više vrijednosti u obje ljestvice koje definiraju drugi faktor. Kod učenika je znatno veći postotak općeg uspjeha dobar i manji, a kod učenica je veći postotak vrlo dobrog i izvrsnog općeg uspjeha. Diskriminacijska analiza pokazala je kako učenice s nižim općim uspjehom (dobar i manji) karakterizira viša izraženost eksternalne regulacije i više izražena amotiviranost u izvedbi nastave tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture. U oba spola nisu dobivene razlike u motivaciju u nastavi tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture kod skupina različitih po uspjehu iz nastavnog predmeta Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture. Ključne riječi: eksternalna motivacija, internalna motivacija, mjerne karakteristike, učenici, vježbanje
Online Learning Students` Perceptions of the Community of Inquiry Based on Learning Outcomes and Demographic Variables / Opažanje istraživačke zajednice polaznika online tečaja utemeljeno na ishodima učenja i demografskim varijablama
Authors: HORZUM Mehmet Baris
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe aim of the study is to investigate online learning students’ perceptions of the community of inquiry according to learning outcomes such as perceived learning, willingness to participate in online learning and satisfaction, demographic variables such as age, gender, department, previous online learning experience and learning approach. In the research cross-sectional survey method was used. The sample consisted of 277 undergraduate online learning students. The result showed a high level of positive correlation between social and cognitive (r=.751) and cognitive and teaching (r=.738) presence, and a medium level of positive correlation between social and teaching presence (r=.683) for online learning students. Teaching and cognitive presences were found to be important factors in terms of perceived learning, satisfaction and willingness to participate in online learning among online learning students. There were no significant differences between social, cognitive and teaching presence scores according to students’ gender, age, department and previous online learning experience.Key words: cognitive presence; perceived learning; satisfaction; social presence; teaching presence.---SažetakCilj je studije istražiti opažanje istraživačke zajednice polaznika online tečaja utemeljeno na ishodima učenja poput perceptivnog učenja, voljnosti i zadovoljstva, demografskih varijabli kao što su starosna dob, spol, odjel, prethodna iskustva s online učenjem, pristup online tečaju i pristupima učenju. U istraživanju je korištena presječna studija putem ankete. Sudionike istraživanja činilo je 277 online polaznika dodiplomskog studija. Kao rezultat je utvrđena visoka razina pozitivne korelacije između socijalne i kognitivne prisutnosti (r = .751), između kognitivne i nastavne prisutnosti (r = .738) i srednje razine pozitivne korelacije između socijalne i nastavne prisutnosti (r = .683) kod online polaznika. Ustanovljeno je da su podučavanje i kognitivna prisutnost online polaznika važni čimbenici u smislu perceptivnog učenja, zadovoljstva i voljnosti sudjelovanja u online učenju s ostalim učenicima. Prema spolu, odjelu i pristupu online tečaju nije bilo značajne razlike među rezultatima socijalne, kognitivne i nastavne prisutnosti.Ključne riječi: kognitivna prisutnost; nastavna prisutnost; perceptivno učenje; socijalna prisutnost; zadovoljstvo.
Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation Model in Action: Individual Innovativeness Profiles of Pre-service Teachers in Turkey / Rogersov model difuzije inovacije u praksi: pojedinačni profili inovativnosti budućih nastavnika u Turskoj
Authors: Yuksel Ismail
Published: July 2015

The purpose of the study was to determine adopter categories and individual innovativeness levels of pre-service teachers. Four hundred and twenty pre-service teachers from five different departments participated in the study. The application of Rogers’ adopter measurement scale revealed that early pre-service teachers dominated the group of participants in the study. The study also revealed that department and gender of the participants made a significant difference in their innovativeness level. The majority of female participants were early majority whereas the majority of male participants were early adopters. The analysis showed that male participants were highly innovative as opposed to female participants. The study indicated that unlike Rogers’ bell shaped, normal distribution of the adopter categories, the distribution in this study was positively skewed. The results support the idea that pre-service teachers, especially in some departments, need change in their perception of innovation. Evidence also suggests that Rogers’ model of innovation decision process should be taken into consideration while planning the course objectives.Key words: adopter categories; adoption of innovation; innovation; teacher training---Svrha ovoga istraživanja bila je odrediti kategorije usvajanja i pojedinačne razine inovativnosti budućih nastavnika. 420 budućih nastavnika iz pet različitih odjela sudjelovalo je u ovome istraživanju. Primjena Rogersove skale za mjerenje usvajanja otkrila je da kod budućih nastavnika u uzorku ispitanika u istraživanju dominiraju rani usvojitelji. Istraživanje je također otkrilo da odjel i spol ispitanika čine značajnu razliku u razini njihove inovativnosti. Većina ispitanika – žena bili su rani usvojitelja, a većina muških ispitanika bila je u skupini ranih usvojitelja. Analizom je otkriveno da su muški ispitanici visoko inovativni za razliku od ispitanica. Istraživanje je također ukazalo na to da je za razliku od Rogersove normalne distribucije (zvonastog oblika) kategorija usvojitelja, distribucija u ovome istraživanju pozitivno zakrivljena. Rezultati podupiru ideju da budući nastavnici, posebno u nekim odjelima, moraju promijeniti svoju percepciju inovacije. Dokazi također upućuju na to da se Rogersov model odlučivanja o inovaciji mora uzeti u obzir za vrijeme određivanja ciljeva kolegija.  Ključne riječi: kategorije usvojitelja; inovacija; obuka nastavnika; usvajanje inovacije
Una nueva especie de Elaphoglossum sección Elaphoglossum (Lomariopsidaceae) en Costa Rica
Authors: Rojas Alvarado Alexander Francisco
Published: July 2015

Se describe la nueva especie Elaphoglossum lenticulatum de la sección Elaphoglossum subsecc. Pachyglossa. Se diferencia de E. proximum (J. Bommer) H. Christ por escamas del rizoma enteras (vs. ciliadas), persistentes (vs. deciduas) y más grandes, lámina foliar lanceolada (vs. lanceolado-oblonga) y escamas de la lámina menos densas y más grandes.
Pleodendron costaricense (Canellaceae), a new species for Costa Rica
Authors: Hammel Barry , Zamora Nelson
Published: July 2015

Se describe e ilustra Pleodendron costaricense, una especie de árboles muy rara en el bosque lluvioso de bajura del Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica. La única otra especie congenérica, P. macranthum, se encuentra ca. 2000 km al nordeste, en Puerto Rico. Hasta ahora, la única especie de Canellaceae conocida en Centroamérica era Canella winterana, principalmente de las Antillas, que llega a la Península de Yucatán en México.
Un herbario de Costa Rica llega a 75 años
Authors: Morales Carlos
Published: July 2015

Desde diciembre de 2005, el Herbario de la Universidad de Costa Rica (USJ) lleva el nombre de uno de sus fundadores: el Dr. Luis A. Fournier. En 2006 este herbario cumple 75 años de contribuir con la investigación botánica en Costa Rica. Se incluye una actualización del catálogo de tipos de plantas vasculares de USJ.
Semblanza sobre Luis Fournier Origgi
Authors: León Arguedas Jorge
Published: July 2015

[N. del E.: Conferencia del Dr. Jorge León Arguedas en el acto de develización de una placa al Dr. Luis A. Fournier Origgi en el Herbario de la Universidad de Costa Rica (USJ), Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, miércoles 14 de diciembre de 2005. A partir de esta fecha, USJ lleva el nombre del Dr. Fournier.]
Palmeras, palmas y mirtos en monedas de Costa Rica (1825-1951)
Authors: Vargas-Zamora José , Gómez-Laurito Jorge
Published: July 2015

Las monedas de Costa Rica incluyen una variedad de ilustraciones de plantas. El medio escudo de oro de 1825, incluye una palmera. La palmas fueron frecuentemente grabadas como coronas en monedas. La palma y el mirto (Myrtus communis) también fueron usados como coronas rodeando el valor de la moneda o bajo el escudo de armas, o ambos. La palmera grabada tradicionalmente en monedas desde los fenicios es la datilera, Phoenix dactylifera, a la cual se le atribuyen simbolismos como la rectitud, la firmeza y la utilidad. La palma fue un símbolo de victoria para los griegos y romanos. Los romanos del siglo I D.C. asociaban la palmera con Judea. En este escrito incluimos ejemplos del uso de palmeras de diferentes especies y palmas, en monedas y boletos de Costa Rica y otros países. También damos ejemplos del uso de la palma y el mirto como coronas en monedas.
Epiphyte orchid diversity in a Yungas montane forest in the Cotapata National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area, La Paz – Bolivia
Authors: Jiménez Ivan , Miranda Fabricio
Published: July 2015

In Bolivia the works focused on the study of the epiphyte vegetation are few and recent. This lack of knowledge is being filled by investigations like those of Ibisch (1996) about the flora and epiphyte vegeta- tion; Acebey & Krömer (2001), Acebey et al. (2003), Altamirano & Fernandez (2003) and Miranda (2005), who worked in the diversity and ecology of vascular and not vascular epiphytes.
Diversidad de Orquídeas en el “Parque Nacional Iztaccíhuatl-Popocatépetl” (México) y sus áreas de influencia
Authors: Luna-Rosales Bárbara , Barba-Álvarez Amadeo , Romero-Tirado Rodrigo , Pérez-Toledano Eric , Perea-Morales Olga , Padrón-Hernández Susana , Sierra-Jiménez Hugo , De la Cruz Rosa , Jardón-Sánchez Diana
Published: July 2015

Iztaccíhuatl and Popocatépetl National Park is 25,679 ha in size and it comprises the Transmexican Neo-volcanic strip. The floristic wealth of the Park approximately represents 4% of the flora of the country and the Orchidaceae is one of the families of this flora. Mexico has 1400 orchid species including in 159 genera; the importance at a world-wide level of this flora increases when around 900 species exist only in Mexico. In 1996, 25 orchid species were reported for the Park without a field register. These species and their populations can drastically have varied and in some cases disappeared due to the alterations of the habi- tat and to the extraction of the plants of the last decades. In June of 2001 we started the present project which the main objective has been to obtain by means of work in field, the updated listing of the orchid flora of this Park at different seasons of the year, as well as to determine the diversity of species, plant development stage, their altitudinal distribution and abundance. After 5 years of work 39 species have been located, 25 species are new registers to the Park and there were confirm only 14 species of the 1996 listing.
An orchid inventory and conservation project at Bosque de Paz Biological Reserve, upper Río Toro Valley, Alajuela, Costa Rica
Authors: Muñoz Melania , Kirby Stephen
Published: July 2015

El Jardín de Orquídeas de la reserva fue creado en el año 2000. Allí, las orquídeas caídas de los árboles del bosque son rescatadas, reubicadas y conservadas en árboles vivos (principalmente güitite, jaul y poró). Los objetivos del proyecto son: aumentar el conocimiento de la diversidad de orquídeas de la Cuenca del Río Toro mediante un inventario, respaldado por fotografías y material de herbario seco y en líquido, de las orquídeas rescatadas del bosque y cultivadas en el Jardín de la reserva y dar a conocer dicha reserva como ejemplo de ecoturismo educativo y sitio de gran importancia para la investigación orquideológica. El inventa- rio se ha llevado a cabo desde junio del 2004. Se han identificado 47 géneros y 163 especies; 12 de éstas son endémicas de Costa Rica. En promedio, se observan 40 especies en floración cada mes. El hecho de que el Jardín de Orquídeas está situado junto a una reserva de vegetación natural, es una ventaja que puede aprove- charse para investigar sobre taxonomía y ecología de orquídeas de la región. Además de las opciones de investigación, Bosque de Paz realiza una importante labor en educación ambiental. Este inventario y la colec- ción de herbario resultante son herramientas importantes para la investigación en orquideología. Consultar una colección de este tipo es de mucha utilidad tanto para estudios taxonómicos como ecológicos, en vista de que pocas veces se cuenta, como en este caso, con observaciones de plantas vivas, datos fenológicos, fotogra- fías y material preservado, al mismo tiempo.
Distribución de poblaciones silvestres y descripción del hábitat de Phragmipedium en Costa Rica
Authors: Muñoz Melania
Published: July 2015

Las orquídeas de género Phragmipedium (Pfitz.) Rolfe pertenecen a la subfamilia Cypripedioideae y son comúnmente llamadas zapatillas o “slipper orchids” (Atwood 1984). Según Dressler (2003), en Costa Rica se encuentran dos especies: P. humboldtii (Warsz. ex Rchb.f.) J.T. Atwood & Dressler, la cual se encuentra también en México, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panamá y Perú (UNEP- WCMC 2004); y P. longifolium (Warsz. & Rchb.f.) Rolfe, que se distribuye en Costa Rica, Panamá, Colombia y Ecuador (UNEP-WCMC 2004).
Hotspots of narrow endemisms: adequate focal points for conservation in Dendrochilum (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Pedersen Henrik
Published: July 2015

The general aim of conservation is to ensure persi- stence of biodiversity value. Given certain measures (financial, logistic, etc.) the specific goal must be to maximize the amount of biodiversity value to be secured by these means. Several area selection met- hods are available for such purpose, and they repres- ent very different conservation philosophies (Williams et al. 1996; Humphries 2006). Two funda- mentally different approaches exist: (1) locating hot- spots of species richness or narrow endemism, and (2) designating conservation areas according to com- plementarity methods.
Richness, distribution and important areas to preserve Bulbophyllum in the Neotropics
Authors: Smidt Eric , Silva-Pereira Viviane , Borba Eduardo , Van den Berg Cassio
Published: July 2015

Bulbophyllum is probably one of the largest genera in the orchids with Pantropical occurence, but the dis- tribution is not homogeneous across the world. The Paleotropics is the richest area and there are hundreds of species in Asia (Vermeulen 1991). The genus was described by Thouars in 1822, and the first Neotropical species was described only in 1838 (B. setigerum Lindl.) from a plant collected in Guayana by George Loddiges and sent to John Lindley. Until today, one hundred and ten species names were pub- lished for the Neotropics, however only ca. 70 species could be recognized in five sections supported by phy- logenetic studies based on nuclear and chloroplast genome sequence data (Smidt unpubl. data).
Inventory of the orchids in the humid tropical premontane forest on Uchumachi Mountain, nor Yungas region of La Paz, Bolivia
Authors: Vergara Cassas Carlos
Published: July 2015

Para conocer la diversidad e importancia de las orquídeas en el bosque húmedo tropical premon- tano del Cerro Uchumachi (Nor Yungas, La Paz, Bolivia), se realizó un inventario de orquídeas durante 8 meses (febrero a septiembre de 2006) en un área aproximada a 80 ha, utilizando transectas lineales que ubican la principal en el camino carretero comprendido entre dos comunidades. Se establecieron 95 parcelas de 20 m x 20 m, en las que se efectuaron la recolección, herborización, descripción botánica y taxonomía de las mis- mas. La búsqueda y recolección de orquídeas en las transectas dieron como resultado valores de: densidad absoluta, densidad relativa, y frecuencia. Se encontraron un total de 2159 orquídeas de 16 géneros y 31 especies, pero se crea que existen más que no han sido identificados por la falta de floración durante el tiempo del estudio. La especie de mayor densidad fue Epidendrum funckii con una densidad relativa de 33.72%. Asimismo la especie que se presentó con más frecuencia en las parcelas fue Pleurothallis xantochlora con 22.11%.
El sistema Lankester
Authors: Dressler Robert
Published: July 2015

En muchas de las charlas, el ponente presenta su charla en inglés para favorecer a los visitantes extran- jeros. En este caso, creo que el material que quiero presentar es de más interés para los visitantes de América Tropical que para los de habla inglesa. En mi experiencia, todos los jardines botánicos, tal vez con excepción de Longwood, hallan que no tienen los recursos suficientes para para hacer lo que deben hacer. En la realidad, la mayoría de los jardines botánicos en los Estados Unidos y Europa tienen más apoyo y más recursos que la mayoría de los jardines botánicos en los trópicos. Para que un jardín sea un jardín botánico, creo que el elemento más crítico es un sistema de datos. En el Jardín Botánico Lankester (JBL) ya tenemos un sistema que funciona con poca plata, y creo que les puede ser de interés. Normalmente, lo llamamos “el sistema Lankester,” pero igualmente lo podríamos llamar el sistema Pupulin.
Tropical orchids in the North, Montréal Botanical Garden, Québec, Canada
Authors: Gobeille Lise
Published: July 2015

The Montréal Botanical Garden was founded, in 1931, by the remarkable botanist and scientist, catholic brother Marie Victorin. Since its foundation the garden has three missions : conservation, educa- tion and research. Certainly 76 years old is still young for a botanical garden, but it has accomplished a maturity and dynamism that is admired by many. The tropical collections are presented to the public by family and theme in ten public greenhouses. Behind the scene, more than 40 greenhouses serve for conser- vation of our collections, for production and for research. Situated on 75 hectares, 27 thematic gar- dens present the different collections while three gar- dens have a cultural vocation: the Chinese Garden, the Japanese Garden and the American Indian Garden. A total of 22,000 taxons are presented in our collections.
The conservation dilemma
Authors: Higgins Wesley , Gann George
Published: July 2015

Aunque el Estado de Florida (Estados Unidos) ha adoptado las directrices de la UICN en cuanto a la aplicación de los criterios de conservación relacionados a su fauna, existe un vacío en términos de que ciertas especies pueden ser protegidas a pesar de no encontrarse en la lista de especies amenazadas y recibir algún nivel de protección. El Parque Nacional Everglades (Florida) es un hábitat crítico para un número de especies raras y otras varias docenas enlistadas como En Peligro o Amenazadas. Sin embargo, un dilema es la interacción entre especies. En este caso, la mosca endémica Melanagromyza miamensis oviposita sus huevos en la inflorescencia de la orquídea Trichocentrum undulatum. En ella, las larvas se desarrollan gen- eralmente matando al tallo. Este es un ejemplo de la interacción entre dos especies, una ampliamente dis- tribuida pero localmente incluida bajo la categoría de Críticamente Amenazada (CR) (T. undulatum) y la especie endémica (M. miamensis). De esta manera, se utiliza este ejemplo para demostrar la complejidad en el desarrollo de un plan de manejo.
The important role that the Botanical Garden of the National Autonomous University of Mexico plays in the conservation of mexican orchids
Authors: Téllez Velasco Aida
Published: July 2015

la Ciudad de México, México; asentado en terrenos de origen volcánico en un matorral xerófito; tiene el propósito de mantener colecciones de plantas vivas representativas de la diversidad vegetal de México, que sirven de apoyo a la investigación, conservación, educación y Divulgación de la diversidad botánica. El Jardín posee una colección Viva de Orquídeas, tanto epífitas como terrestres, en la que se han llevado a cabo diferentes actividades. Con este trabajo se enfatiza el papel que juega el Jardín Botánico de la UNAM, en la conservación de la familia Orchidaceae de México.
Allotetraploid evolution in Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Chase Mark , Fay Michael , Bateman Richard , Hedrén Mikael , Pillon Yohan
Published: July 2015

One of the most perplexing problems in Western European terrestrial orchid taxonomy has been how to deal with the large numbers of taxa that have been described for the allopolyploid taxa, which are the products of hybridization between taxa in the Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó group and the D. incarnata (L.) Soó group.
Finding a suitable DNA barcode for Mesoamerican orchids
Authors: Gigot Guillaume , Van Alphen-Stahl Jonathan , Bogarín Diego , Warner Jorge , Chase Mark , Savolainen Vincent
Published: July 2015

Recently, DNA barcoding has emerged as an effec- tive tool for species identification. This has the poten- tial for many useful applications in conservation, such as biodiversity inventories, forensics and trade sur- veillance. It is being developed as an inexpensive and rapid molecular technique using short and standard- ized DNA sequences for species identification.
Evolution in small populations: evidence from the literature and experimental results
Authors: Tremblay Raymond , Ackerman James
Published: July 2015

The great taxonomic diversity of the Orchidaceae is often attributed to adaptive radiation for specific polli- nators driven by selection for outcrossing. However, when one looks beyond the product to the process, the evidence for selection is less than overwhelming.
Density induced rates of pollinaria removal and deposition in the Purple Enamel-orchid, Elythranthera brunonis (Endl.) A.S. George
Authors: Tremblay Raymond , Bateman Richard , Brown Andrew , Hachadourian Marc , Hutchings Michael , Kell Shelagh , Koopowitz Harold , Lehnebach Carlos , Wigham Dennis
Published: July 2015

La distribución y densidad de los individuos dentro de las poblaciones de plantas pueden afectar el éxito reproductivo de sus integrantes. Luego de describir la filogenia de las orquideas del grupo de las Caladeniideas y su biología reproductiva, evaluamos el efecto de la densidad en el éxito reproductivo de la orquídea terrestre Elythranthera brunonis, endémica de Australia del Oeste. El éxito reproductivo de esta orquídea, medido como la deposición y remoción de polinios, fue evaluado en seis poblaciones de diferentes densidades. Se consideró como baja densidad aquellas poblaciones en las cuales se observó al menos una planta en flor en un radio de 2.5 m alrededor de una planta focal y como alta densidad a aquellas pobla- ciones con mas de una planta en un radio de 2.5 m alrededor de la planta focal. El éxito reproductivo de las plantas focales no fue afectado por la densidad de individuos en ninguna de las 6 poblaciones estudiadas. Sin embargo, cuando se evaluó la suma de las poblaciones en un conjunto, se observó que las plantas focales en poblaciones de mayor densidad tienen una mayor probabilidad de recibir polen. El número de flores por inflorescencia no afectó el éxito reproductivo de los individuos. Al contrario, el numero de flores total en un area de 2.5 m tenía un mayor éxito reproductivo en el componente de polinios removidos y depositados.
Vanda tricolor Lindl. conservation in Java, Indonesia: genetic and geographic structure and history
Authors: Gardiner Lauren
Published: July 2015

Vanda tricolor Lindl. is widespread in cultivation in South East Asia, being relatively easily cultivated in the garden, and is often seen growing floriferously on garden trees, fence posts and verandas. Whilst the species is widespread in cultivation in its native regions of Java and Bali, wild populations are small and highly fragmented. The author’s recent field trip to Java and Bali found few wild examples of the species, and the few plants found were in the most inaccessible trees, due to massive over-collection, often with no other V. tricolor plants to be found in the area.
Area recovery and characteristic orchids conservation “in situ” at San Angel stony terrain, Mexico, D. F: reservoir area and ecological pathway at South Sciences and Humanities Educational Center (SSHEC) within the National Autonomous University of Mexico
Authors: Garduño Cecilia , García Sonia , Ramos Maricela , Téllez Aida
Published: July 2015

Este trabajo pretende contribuir a la conformación de una Estrategia Global para la Conservación de Orquídeas, a través de una experiencia concreta desarrollada en un Plantel Educativo ubicado al sur de una de las ciudades más grandes y pobladas del planeta, la Ciudad de México, proponiendo como elemento básico el rescate de las áreas verdes que están desaprovechadas y deterioradas y su uso para la conservación “in situ” de especies de orquídeas características del lugar. Este Plantel fue construido en la zona denomi- nada “ Pedregal de San Ángel”, producto del derrame de lava del volcán Xitle, misma que alberga a un ecosistema de matorral xerófito considerado único en el mundo, tanto por su diversidad como por su número de especies endémicas; en el mismo han sido reportadas 22 especies de orquídeas terrestres. Para el año 2000 este ecosistema se había reducido en más del 90%. El Plantel cuenta con 39,039 m2 de áreas verdes, algunas de las cuales aún conservan especies características de este matorral. En el año 2000 se logró que al interior del mismo se decretara como área de Reserva Ecológica a una superficie de 2710 m2 que estaba deteriorada; se rescató y se construyó un Sendero Ecológico y se han detectado, estudiado y protegido a 6 especies de orquídeas (Bletia campanulata, Brachystele polyantha, Deiregyne pyramidalis, Dichromanthus aurantiacus, Habenaria novemfida y Sarcoglottis schaffneri ), e incluso se han introducido ejemplares de la especie Malaxis myurus, provenientes de rescates realizados en zonas aledañas, en los que se ha involucrado a profesores y alumnos del Plantel, obteniéndose excelentes resultados. Asimismo se han diseñado y aplica- do Estrategias Didácticas para el conocimiento, valoración y conservación de estas especies de orquídeas.
An expanded role for in vitro symbiotic seed germination as a conservation tool: two case studies in North America (Platanthera leucophaea and Epidendrum nocturnum)
Authors: Massey Emily , Zettler Lawrence
Published: July 2015

Interest in using mycorrhizal fungi to cultivate orchids from seed in vitro (=symbiotic seed germina- tion) has intensified in recent years and this approach is now an important conservation tool worldwide. In North America, symbiotic germination has been attempted for a growing number of orchid species in peril as a means to acquire seedlings suitable for reintroduction.
Efforts to conserve endangered terrestrial orchids in situ and ex situ at two natural reserves within Central Mexico
Authors: Rangel-Villafranco Mónica , Ortega-Larrocea Pilar
Published: July 2015

The natural vegetation in and around Mexico City once harbored an unusually high number of plant and animal (insect) species, including endemics (Vázquez 1973, Ceballos & Galindo 1984, Rzedowski 1991). The high diversity in this region has been attributed to the unusual topography resulting from a series of volcanic eruptions that ended ca. 1800 years ago (Siebe et al. 2004). In addition, two phyto-geographic regions overlap within Central Mexico that support diverse vegetation types (e.g., shrubs, mature pine forests).
The effect of the light environment on population size of the epiphytic herb, Lepanthes rupestris (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Ruiz-Canino Francheska , Fernández Denny , Meléndez-Ackerman Elvia , Tremblay Raymond
Published: July 2015

The demographic dynamics of plant populations will depend on the relative role of density-dependent versus density-independent factors on population reg- ulation. Density-independent factors (i.e. changes in climate, fire, hurricanes) will affect plant survival and reproduction within a population in a manner that is independent of the density of individuals.
Comparación de los problemas fitosanitarios en orquídeas de poblaciones silvestres y de cultivo, como evaluación de riesgos de plagas o epidemias
Authors: Salazar-Casasa Willy , Rivera-Coto German , Corrales-Moreira Gilberto
Published: July 2015

Los ecosistemas naturales mantienen un autocon- trol de poblaciones, que es afectada por factores exó- genos. Mientras que en sistemas alterados se necesi- tan controladores exógenos para mantener un cierto tipo de equilibrio (p.e. prácticas culturales, uso de agroquímicos, subsidios de materia y energía, etc).
Production of Cypripedium montanum seedlings for commercial value and reintroduction into restoration projects: phase II
Authors: Smith Roger , Smith Jane , Liebler Scott
Published: July 2015

The mountain lady’s slipper (Cypripedium mon- tanum Douglas ex Lindl. is a large and charismatic perennial orchid once widely distributed in montane regions of the northwestern United States. This native North American orchid is a member of a genus that has been highly prized by collectors worldwide. Cypripedium is now among the most endangered plant genera in the world. As evidence of threats to its survival, a decade ago
Orchid conservation in the Americas - lessons learned in Florida
Authors: Stewart Scott , Kane Michael
Published: July 2015

Conservation can be a difficult concept to define, let alone apply. For some, plant conservation can simply mean the survey and cataloging of plant diver- sity within a defined conservation area. Others may define plant conservation as the collection and propa- gation of germplasm from one, or many, areas within a species’ range.
Site amelioration for direct seeding of Caladenia tentaculata improves seedling recruitment and survival in natural habitat
Authors: Wright Magali , French Garry , Cross Rob , Cousens Roger , Andrusiak Sascha , McLean Cassandra
Published: July 2015

The genus Caladenia contains the largest number of threatened orchid species in Australia and improv- ing the success of re-introductions would allow exist- ing populations to be strengthened and new popula- tions to be established. Batty et al. (2006) showed that direct seeding of C. arenicola Hopper & A.P. Br. into habitat soil inoculated with mycorrhizal fungus resulted in a good in situ germination rates.
The Orchidaceae of “Parque Municipal de Mucugê”, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Azevedo Cecilia , Van den Berg Cassio
Published: July 2015

The Orchidaceae are one of the largest families of flowering plants, with around 20.000 species in approximately 850 genera (Atwood 1986, Dressler 1993). It is well represented in Brazil, with about 2.350 species and 200 genera (Pabst & Dungs 1975, 1977). In Bahia were registered 285 species (Pabst & Dungs 1975, 1977, Harley & Mayo 1980, Harley & Simmons 1986, Toscano-de-Brito 1995, 1998, Toscano-de-Brito & Queiroz 2003).
Oncidium surprises with deoxyribonucleic acid
Authors: Zelenko Harry
Published: July 2015

There is an armchair taxonomist I know that wrote that the taxonomy of the Oncidium alliance was a mess. I’d been thinking that the remark was based on lack of knowledge. In my opinion, he is way off base. Know that I am not a taxonomist... only a grower and an artist. But I do believe that the Oncidium alliance is a reasonably well organized taxonomy.