bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Adenosine deaminase specific activity in serum and saliva of patients with chronic gingivitis
Authors: Khalil Hazema Mossa , Kadri Zahraa Hussein M. , Rahman Hadeel Khlil
Published: November 2021

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of adenosine to inosine. The enzyme is widely distributed in human tissues and work as a marker of cellular immunity, and its activity is found to be elevated in those diseases in which there is a cell-mediated immune response. The aim of this study was to explore the usefulness of ADA specific activity in serum and saliva as a biomarker of chronic gingivitis (CG). Thirty CG patients and 15 CG-free controls were enrolled in the study, and they were attendant of the Dental Clinic at the College of Dentistry Medicine (University of Baghdad) during the period January-March 2013. The results demonstrated that the ADA mean specific activity was significantly (P ≤ 0.001) increased in serum (17.58 ± 0.81 vs. 0.75 ± 0.03 U/mg protein) and saliva (85.43 ± 2.43 vs. 0.11 ± 0.03 U/mg protein) of CG patients as compared with controls. Accordingly, it is possible to conclude that ADA specific activity might be a good biomarker for CG, especially in saliva, and can reflect inflammatory and destruction processes in the periodontal tissue.
Effect of Using Probiotics with Prebiotics in Growth Indicia and Some Physiological Characters for Fingerlings Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L.
Authors: Al-Asha'ab M. H. , Mohammad S. D. , Al-fathly M. K. , Neamah Y. J.
Published: November 2021

A total of 120 common carp Cyprinus carpio L. with average weight 20.45±1.24 gm/fish were assigned randomly into five groups of three replicates for each group, each replicate included 8 fishes. The fish were fed for 90 days on five diets that equal in isonitroenons 24.16% and isocaloric 1408.88 MJ/kg. Diet for control T1, local probiotic Iraq probiotic added at levels 5g/kg for diet T2, local probiotic added at 5g/kg from diet+5g/kg prebiotic which include fructo-Oligosacchardes FOS for diet T3, imported probiotic which include Enterococcus faecium added at 2g/kg diet for diet T4, imported probiotic which include E. faecium added at 2g/kg diet+2g/kg per diet prebiotic which include FOS for diet T5. The results showed there were significant distinction for T5 p<0.05 in growth parameter and food conversion and sufficiency rate FCR and FER and apparent coefficient digestibility ACD, there were no significant different between T5 and T4. The results of blood biochemical examination showed significant distinction for T4 from T1 and T2 in packed cell volume (PCV) and Hemoglobin Hb, there were no significant different between all treatment in erythrocyte and leukocyte count RBC and WBc.
Laboratory Study to Limitation Degree-Days Which Prerequisite for Stages Development of Waterhyacinth Chevroune weevil Neochetina bruchi (Hustache) Coleoptera: Curculiondeae and the Lowest Developmental Threshold
Authors: AL-Shammary Ahmed J. M.
Published: November 2021

The results of this study showed that the lowest developmental threshold of eggs, larvae and pupae of N. bruchi was 12, 12 and 11°C respectively at 20,25 and 30°C. While there were no hatching and development of larvae and pupae at 15°C ,While 35°C killed all the stages were tested. The results also showed that the lowest developmental threshold of male and female was 15 and 14°C respectively at 15,20,25 and 30°C While 35°C killed these stages tested too. The accumulated days degree for the development of egg, larvae and pupae was 143, 500 and 500 thermal units at 20,25 and 30˚C.While it was 333, and 333 thermal units of male and female respectively at 15,20,25 and 30°C. So there are no accumulated days degree for the development of egg, larvae, pupae, male and female at 35°C because it was killer for these stages. While there are no accumulated days degree for the development of egg, larvae and pupae at 15°C because there are no developing for these stages.
Micropropagtion of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum)
Authors: Shahatha Eltifat Fadhil , Ibrahim Kadhim M. , Al-Musawi Ali Hashim
Published: November 2021

This study was aimed to micropropagate Lisianthus Eustoma grandiflora plant which is one of the important cut flowers. The study included many experiments, at the initiation stage, the effect of the two auxins Indole butyric acid (IBA) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) supplemented to Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) containing 0.3 mg/l of Benzyladenine (BA) were investigated for their effect on mean number of initiated shoots and length. type of explant were used namely, leaf discs. The effect of different strengths of MS and B5 media on mean number of multiplied shoots was also studied. During acclimatization, different mixture ratios of peat moss and river sand were examined in their effect on plantlets survival. Results showed that IBA achieved the highest mean shoot number formed on the three explants types under investigation reached 6.8 shoots with a mean length of 2.75 cm. Maximum mean shoot number reached 7.3 at the concentration 0.1 mg/l of IBA while maximum mean shoot number reached 6.4 at the concentration 0.0 mg/l of NAA. Results also revealed that MS medium was better than B5 medium in sustaining shoots yielding 8.8 and 6.6 for both media respectively. A significant reduction in mean number of shoots occurred with reducing the medium salt strength. Shoots transferred to MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l of IBA produced the highest mean root number, length and rooting percentage reached 5.5 roots, 2.5 cm and 70% respectively while rooting percentage did not exceed 20% when the same medium was supplemented with 1.0 mg/l of NAA. Plantlets were successfully acclimatized achiving 90% survival when grown on agricultural medium consisted of river sand : peat moss (2:1)v/v.
Assessment of genotoxic effects of copper on Cucumber Plant (Cucumis sativus L.) using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) markers
Authors: AL-Assie Akeel H. Ali
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of copper on Cucumis sativus L., fife levels of copper sulfate as aqueous solutions were added as a total concentrate of the soil using the concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400, 500) milligrams per one kilogram of soil, the control soil were using without additional copper sulfate. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used for detection of genotoxic produced by this metal. Twenty one primers were used, of which three did not amplify, three gave extremely faint and ambiguous bands and the rest of fifteen primers generated single and polymorphic bands. All genomic DNA of Cucumis sativus L. exposed to copper sulfate solutions displayed polymorphic fragments which were not detectable in DNA of unexposed plants, but high concentration (500 mg/kg soil) of copper sulfate had the strongest effect on genomic DNA of Cucumis sativus L. when compared with other concentrations. Thus, this study confirmed that RAPD markers, as a fast, and simple technique can be used for detection of genotoxic effects of copper on Cucumis sativus L. plants which are growing in heavy metal polluted soils.
Induced systemic resistance in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. to root knot nematodes by Benzothiadiazole
Authors: Mutar Shamaal S. , Fattah Farkad A.
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of Benzol thaidazole-7carbothioic acid-S-methyl ester (BTH or Bion) to induce systemic resistance in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. to root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp in tomato plants 30d after treatments. Results showed that Bion was efficient in inducing systemic resistance to root knot nematodes in tomato plants. Foliage spraying or soil drenching at 50 mgL-1 were superior over the other test concentrations and seed soaking treatments. At this concentration gall index was 2.11 compared with 5 in control. Root fresh weight and root dry weigh were 6.25 and 0.62, 8.40 and 0.70g for treated and control plants respectively. Shoot fresh weight and dry weight recorded 23.60, 2.29, 17.42 and 1.42g for treated and control plants respectively. The number of second stage juveniles penetrating the roots was 51.33 and 114.88 in treated and control plants respectively. Application of Bion at this concentration also reduced gall index to 2.88 compared with 5 in control. At 50 mgL-1 of Bion root fresh and dry weight was 4.68, 0.44 and 21.40, 2.52g compared with 8.58, 0.69, and 26.21, 4.45g in control plants respectively. At this treatment also a significantly less juveniles, 75.55 entered the roots of treated plants compared with 116.66 juveniles in control.
Role of Gibberellic acid in mitigating the adverse effect of sodium chloride on some grow parameters of fenugreek plant Trigonellafoenum-graecum L. by using Hydroponic Technique
Authors: El-Saedi Abbas, J.H. , Al-Jalaly SuadAbd Said , Al-Kazzaz Amel Ghanim M. , Nasser Raghad Hamed
Published: November 2021

An experiment was conducted by using the nutrient solution unit in the green house of the Biology Department, College of Education Ibn Al- Haitham/ Baghdad University during the growing season of 2008-2009 by using fenugreek plant under effect of three concentrations 0,50,100 mM. Lˉ¹ of sodium chloride and four concentrations 0,25,50,100ppm of giberellic acid of studied some growth parameters of plant diameter of root, leaf chlorophyll content, number of flower and pud's,sodium and chloride concentrations in shoot The experiment was accomplished as a completely randomized design(CRD) by using three replicates including 36 plastic pots in nutrient solution unit, the results showed the increase in sodium chloride concentration from 0_100Mm.L ̄1 in nutrient solution negative effects in mentioned parameters growth above. Results also that giberellic acid showed role in decreasing the harmful effects of sodium chloride in studied parameters.
Evaluation of Some Cytogenetic Effects of Hexane Extract from Tribulus terrestris in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Mamdouh Russul Ridha , Shahab Batool Ali , Ad'hiah Ali Husain
Published: November 2021

The present study was carried out to evaluate the cytogenetic effects of the hexane extract of the plant Tribulus terrestris fruits. The cytogenetic evaluations involved mitotic index of bone marrow and spleen cells in albino male mice, micronucleus formation and sperm-head abnormalities. The micronucleus evaluations were further explored in blood lymphocyte cultures of healthy donors through an in vitro study. The search was carried out through three stages. In the first, the cytogenetic effects of three doses 5,10 and 20 mg/kg) of the plant extract were evaluated, while in the second stage, interactions Pre- and Post-treatments between the ideal dose 5 mg/kg of the plant extract and the drug Mitomycin-C (MMC). In stage three, the micronucleus formation was evaluated in the lymphocyte cultures of healthy individuals after treatment with three concentrations (5, 10 and 20 µg/ml) of the plant extract, in addition to interactions with the drug MMC which revealed significant mutagenic actions as judged by the investigated parameters. Reduced mitotic index, and increased frequencies of micronucleus formation (in vivo and in vitro) and sperm-head abnormalities were observed. The first stage revealed that the plant extract reduced the spontaneous formation of micronuclei and sperm-head abnormalities. The ideal dose 5 mg/kg of the plant extract was effective in modulating the mutagenic effects of the drug MMC. In this regard, the pre-treatment was more effective than post-treatment. The stage three showed that the plant extract was effective in reducing the spontaneous, as well as, MMC induced formation of micronuclei in lymphocyte cultures.
Detection of Epstein-Barr virus in autoimmune and Thalassemia patients using new Immunoblot assay
Authors: Al-Hamadany Alaa Younis Mahdy Al-Hamadany , Abdullah Basima A. Abdullah
Published: November 2021

A new immunoblot assay, composed of five Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded recombinantproteins virus capsid antigen [VCA] gp125, p19, p22, early antigen [EA], and EBNA-1 IgG, wasused to manifest the EBV infection and look at the antibody pattern to EBV proteins in the serumof both autoimmune disorders and Thalassemia patients and compare the observations with thosein normal healthy controls. Serum samples from 35 rheumatoid arthritis patients, 20 SLE, 20autoimmune hypothyroid diseases, 35 Thalassemia patients and 20 healthy controls were testedfor EBV IgG antibodies by an immunoblot assay (Euroline). The results showed that the highpercentage recorded was 50% in acute infection. Followed by 30% at late infection, while latephase with loss EBNA-1 and reactivated infection were 10% compared to the normal healthycontrols. Our study showed an increased EBV activation among the autoimmune patient groupscompared to the normal healthy controls. Further studies are required to delineate the associationbetween the etiology of autoimmune disorders and EBV.
تاثير رش البنزيل ادنينوالزنك في حاصل الباقلاء ومكوناته
Authors: Alag Makkiyah K. Alag , Abdul-Razak M. Mubarak A. Abdul-Razak , Ahmed Shatha A.H. Ahmed , Hamzah Ibrahim A. Hamzah
Published: November 2021

نفذت تجربتين حقليتين في حقل قسم المحاصيل الحقلية - كلية الزراعة - جامعة بغداد خالل الموسمين الشتويين 0202/0200و0200/0200 لدراسة تأثير الرش بمنظم النمو البنزل ادنين )BA )وعنصري الزنك والبورون بشكل منفردة أو مجتمعة خاللمراحل مهمة من عمر نبات الباقالء صنف otone De Luz اإلسباني في الحاصل ومكوناته. استخدم تصميم األلواح المنشقة-المنشقة Design Plot Split-Split في قطاعات كاملة المعشاة وبثالثة مكررات. وقد اشتملت األلواح الرئيسة على مستويات منظم-0 النمو البنزل ادنين 2 و57 و 072 ملغم.لتر ويرمز لها BA0 وBA1 و BA2 بالتتابع. بينما اشتملت األلواح الثانوية على مستويات-0 من الزنك وهي 2 و07 و72 ملغم.لترويرمز لها Zn0 و Zn1و Zn2 . في حين اشتملت تراكيز البورون 2 و 072 و 022 و 072-0 ملغم.لترويرمز لها B0 و B1 و B2 و B3 األلواح تحت الثانوية، أظهرت النتائج أن رش النباتات بمنظم النمو البنزل أدنين)072 ملغم.لتر بتركيز BA20--0 ) أو الزنك بتركيز Zn2( 72 ملغم.لتر-0 ) أو البورون بتركيز B3( 072 ملغم.لتر( أدى الى زيادة-0 معنوية في الصفات المدروسة لكال الموسمين، اذ تفوقت النباتات المعاملة بإعطاء أعلى نسبة للخصوبة وعدد القرنات .نباتوعـدد-0 البذور. قرنةوحاصل البذور الكلي. اما بالنسبة لوزن 022 بذرة تفوقت معنويا ًعند الرش بالبنزل ادنين بتركيز BA1( 57-0 ملغم.لتر-0 ) أو الزنك بتركيز Zn2( 72 ملغم.لتر-0 ) أو البورون بتركيز B2( 022 ملغم.لتر( ، مقارنة بأدنى القيم التي نتجت منمعاملة المقارنة )الرش بالماء المقطر فقط( ، كما كان هنالك تداخل معنوي بين عوامل الدراسة في جميع الصفات المدروسة ولكال-0 الموسمين. أظهرت نتائج هذه الدراسة أن افضل توليفـة للمعامالت كانت عند معاملة النباتات بالبنزل أدنين تركيز 072 ملغم.لتر-0 والزنك 72 ملغم.لتر-0 والبورون 072 ملغم.لترللحصول على زيادة في حاصل البذور بنسبة 00 %كمعدل لكال الموسمين.
Targeting Mice Mammary Adenocarcenoma Cells with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Tawfeeq Amer Talib Tawfeeq , Kadhim Husam Al-Deen Mohammed Kadhim , Yseen Nahi Yusif Yseen , Kalil Saba K. Kalil , Jafar Teaba H. Jafar , Ghedan Aseel F. Ghedan , Hussein Rasha A. Hussein
Published: November 2021

The cytotoxic effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles against mice mammary adenocarcenoma cells wascarried out in vitro. The used nanoparticles were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquidmethods; the used liquid was deionized water. Colloidal suspension of zinc oxide nanoparticles wassynthesized by Q-switched Nd: YAG pulse laser device (1064 nm) laser energy was 600 mJ and pulseduration was 10 nanosecond. High purity metallic zinc plate was submerged in 10 ml deionizedwater in 50 ml glass baker and ablated with 1000 pulse at room temperature. The nanospecificitiesof the synthesized nanoparticle colloidal were characterized with UV-Vis scanningspectrophotometer. Atomic force microscope was used to determine the particle size distribution andparticles shape. The ZnO crestless formation was characterized by X-ray diffraction.Mice mammary adenocarcenoma cells was treated with 25, 50, 100 ppm of ZnO nanoparticles.Results indicated a significant toxicity of the ZnO nanoparticles toward cancer cells, this toxicitycorrelated directly with ZnO nanoparticles elevated concentrations. These result need to be furtherinvestigated and the molecular mechanism of ZnO nanoparticles effect should be more clarify.
Genetic Variation of Sinorhizobium meliloti Isolates Differing in Their Ability to Drought Tolerance
Authors: Hameed Rana A. Hameed , Hussain Nidhal N. Hussain , Aljibouri Abed aljasim M. Aljibouri
Published: November 2021

Soil bacteria Sinorhizobium meliloti had enormous agricultural value, due to their ability infixing nitrogen symbiotically with an important forage crop legume- alfalfa. The aim of thisstudy (i) isolate indigenous S. meliloti from different field sites in Iraq, (ii) evaluate the isolatestolerance to induce drought using polyethylene glycol-6000, (iii) assessing genetic diversity andgenetic relationships among isolates of natural population with drought tolerant abilities.Drought tolerance study revealed vast variations between Sinorhizobium isolates, the highesttolerant isolates to drought were twelve from total thirty 40%, tolerated from -3 up to -4 Mpa(mega pascal), while the drought sensitive isolates tolerated upto – 1.5 Mpa, except isolate Bs58which tolerated upto -1 Mpa water potential. The growth declined with the increase of droughtstress. Cluster analysis based on RAPD-PCR showed significant differences among S. melilotiisolates, and the results gave almost identical grouping of isolates in regards to droughtexperiment. Among indigenous isolates two divergent groups could be determined, the first majorgroup included drought tolerant isolates and the second major group comprised all droughtmoderate and sensitive isolates with 40% similarity between the two major groups.
Effect of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Seeds Treatment by Diode Laser Radiation in Seedlings and Calli Growth
Authors: Ghanem Sara N. Ghanem , Abood Sajida A. Abood
Published: November 2021

The effect of the exposure of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds to red light laser radiationwith 650 nm 50 mw/cm2by diode laser in germination and growth of seedlings and calli had beenstudied. Seeds were irradiated with red light for different periods of time 5, 10, 15 and 20minutes. The percentage of seeds germination and the average of roots length were differentaccording to exposure time used. Increasing the time of exposure led to the best results in seedgermination percentage (100%), rooting and shooting behavior and flowering accelerationcompared with control. Initiation of calli from explants (roots, stems and leaves) of sunflowerseedlings on Murashige and Skoog media containing 1.0 mg/l of Benzyl adenine and 0.5 mg/l ofNaphthalene acetic acid were succeeded very well from the irradiated seeds. The best irradiationtime was 20 minutes for growth and durability of leaf calli. The fresh weight, protein, DNA, RNAcontents and the specific activity of dihydrofolate reductase of calli of different explants wereincreased with increasing the duration of seeds exposure to red light at 30 and 60 days of growthon media. Results also illustrate increases in protein and oil contents in the irradiated seeds overcontrol seeds, specially at 20 minutes. Using red laser rays for 5 and 20 minutes, resulted in rootsand shoots production from calli of stem and leaf respectively
Polymorphism of The Promote Region of Chicken Insulin like Growth Factor-1 and Association With Bone Abnormalitiesالتغ
Authors: Abdullah Farah Thamer
Published: November 2021

The insulin like growth factor-1(IGF-1) is important regulators in stimulating growth, proteinsynthesis, cell proliferation and differentiation in a variety of cell types. To achieve this goal,blood samples were collected from 50 Gallus gallus affected from bone abnormalities (distortion)and 50 samples a control group from the Animal farm/ College of Veterinary medicine/University of Baghdad. DNA was isolated and the IGF-1genewas amplified by using specificprimers for promoter region and 5' UTR of this genes, then DNA sequencing was performed byusing AB13730XL, (Applied Bio system, Macro Gen company, USA). The DNA sequencingresults of flank sense of IGF-1gene from a control group was found to be compatible 100% withwild type of Gallus gallus from the Gene Bank. On the other hand, sequencing results of the samegene from 35cases abnormalities (distortion) revealed of 99% compatible and score 1351 andexpect 0.0 with the wild type sequences of gene bank. The minor differences could be attributedto two transversion substitutions of (G>T,T>G) and (C>T) on locations 404, 104, and 249 nucleicacid respectability. Fifteen cases of bone abnormalities (Distortion) of Gallus gallus, 99%compatibility have one Transversion substitution G>T on position 404 andone transitionsubstitution (C>T) on 249 positions, under number Sequence ID: gb|JX414253.1|. In conclusion,our case study suggests that polymorphisms of IGF-1gene are strongly associated with vertebrategrowth and development of some chicken breeds in Iraq. The aim of this study is to identify thegenetic polymorphisms of IGF-1gene and its association with vertebrate growth and developmentof some chicken breeds in Iraq.
Purification and Identification of Flavonoids Extracted from Loranthus Eurpaeus Fruits
Authors: Rajab Eslah S. , Abood Khlood W. , Hassn Zaynab Y. Muhammed
Published: November 2021

Loranthus eurpaeusis an important medicinal plant, which contains a lot of bioactive compounds. The dried plantfruits were extracted overnight with 80% methanol by maceration using shaker incubator 25c◦. Chemicaldetection of crud plant extracts was performed. The total flavonoids was isolated from the extract using reflux,and subjected to thin layer chromatography (TLC) using different mobile systems. The purified material wasaugmented by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The aglycon moiety was extracted byethyl acetate, and then evaporated to dryness. The dried residue then redissolved in 50% ethanol. Purificationprocedures of flavonoid were fully described in this study. The aims of this study was to detect the activecompounds present in L. eurpaeus methanolic extract then quantitative and qualitative estimation of the totalflavonoids isolated from the plant fruits.
تاثير المضاد الفايروسي على انقسام الخلايا اللمفية البشرية
Authors: سلمان اسماء محمود , العبيدي لمى
Published: November 2021

الاسايكلوفير هو احد المضادات الفايروسية يستحدم بشكل خاص لعلاج مرض الهربس البسيط والهربس النطاقي وهو من مضاهيات النيوكايوسيدات البيورينية هدفت الدراسة الى التعرف على تاثير الاسكايلوفيرعلى انقسام الخلايا اللمفية وجدتالدراسة ان تاثير الاسكايلوفير ادى الى تثبيط انقسام الخلايا عند التركيز الواطئغير المعاملة بالفايروس
Investigation and Detection Algae Growth of Al-Rashed Water Supply/Baghdad
Authors: Kamel Roeda Fahem , Al- Hussieny Ahmed Aidan , Abdulsalam Adawiya
Published: November 2021

Diagnosed algae present in drinking water for the liquefaction plant Rasheed located in the city of Baghdad on the Tigris River next to the Rusafa. The results are significant demonstrated growth of algae in various filtering stages of the river outlet sedimentation basin and the first basin filters ultimate reservoir of drinking water after the sterilization process, existed algae in the final basin for three algal species classified greens algae and vegetables blue and Diatom classes year, summer, spring, winter and autumn, and the number of vital reached 4937 and 3744 and 3743 and 4027 cells / liter, respectively, to varieties of algae mentioned. While rates of algal species reached basin sedimentation first for the summer, spring, winter and fall to 29 561 and 9811 and 6717 and 6534 cells / L, respectively, and the number of races and got to 39, 22, 25 and 28 genus respectively in different rows, and rates of types of algae basin filters for the same chapters to 8390 and 8465 and 3137 and 3143 cells / l, respectively, and the number of races arrived 33, 20, 16 and 20 genus respectively various Elsafov.as the results of chemical tests height of turbidity, which amounted to 57.0 and 19, 16 and 11.5 NTU respectively classes year compared to the specification of the Iraqi drinking water, amounting to 5 NTU. With the increasing electrical conductivity in the summer, this reached 1033 Sµ / cm season. With a high concentration of calcium by 11.6 and 77, 119 and 103 mg / L, respectively, compared to the classroom specification of drinking of 50 mg / L. The current study also observed the presence of toxin-producing algae in drinking water station liquefaction Rasheed represented algalMicrocystis sp and Lyngbya connectens and Nostoc carneum and Oscillatoriasp, belonging to the Division of blue algae vegetable-producing toxins produced by Global Sources types of toxins and Saxitoxins Microcystins and Anatoxin-a.
تشخيص بكتريا Pseudomonas aeruginosa من عينات سريرية باستخدام جين 16S rDNA
Authors: Abdullah Rana M. , Mehdi Abbas F
Published: November 2021

تم الحصول على 75 عزلة تعود الى بكتريا Pseudomonas aeruginosa  من اصل  100 عزلة جمعت من حالات مرضية مختلفة. كشف عن وجود جين  16S rDNA وباستعمال تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل ( PCR) ووجد ان 100 % من العزلات تمتلك هذا الجين والذي بلغ حجمه 956 زوج قاعدة. اجري فحص الحساسية للمضادات الحيوية المختلفة حيث كانت جميع العزلات مقاومة لمضاد Kanamycin  بنسبة 100%، فيما اظهرت مقاومة اقل لكل من مضادات Ceftazidime بنسبة 81.33%، ولمضاد Gentamicin  46.66% ولمضاد Tobramycin  38.66% ولمضادات Piperacillin  و Ofloxacin  بنسبة 37.33 % لكل منهما، واظهرت العزلات مقاومة بنسبة 34.66 %  لكل من مضادي Ciprofloxacin و Norfloxacin، واظهرت العزلات اقل مقاومة لمضاد Aztreonam بنسبة 22.66% ولمضاد Imipenem بنسبة 17.33%. تم التحري عن بعض عوامل الضراوة التي تمتلكها البكتريا، واظهرت النتائج ان جميع العزلات تمتلك الانزيم الحال للدم  Hemolysin  بنسبة  100%، في حين اظهرت 61 عزلة 1.33% قابليتها على انتاج انزيم المحلل للبروتينProtease ، وكانت اغلب العزلات لها قابليه لانتاج صبغة البايوسيانين Pyocyanin   بنسبة 78.66% وبلغت نسبة العزلات التي اثبتت قدرتها على انتاج انزيم المحلل للنشا Amylase   78.66 %، اظهرت 54 عزلة 72%  قابليتها على انتاج  Biofilm.
Serum High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Endogenous Sex Hormones in Diabetic Men
Authors: Al-Aaraji Shakir F.T.
Published: November 2021

The objective of this cross sectional study was to assess the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2  in men on endogenous sex hormones: estradiol (E2) and  total testosterone (TT); pituitary gland hormones: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)  as well as high sensitive C-Reactive protein (hs-CRP) in men. This study comprised a total of (80) subjects out of which (40) were normal and (40) were diabetic males. The results obtained indicated a significant increasing (p≤ 0.05) of serum hs-CRP and E2 in men with DM type 2 comparison to non-diabetics, while a significant reduction (p≤ 0.05) of  serum testosterone in men with DM type 2 comparison to non-diabetics, and non-significant reduction of serum LH, FSH in men with DM type 2 comparison to non-diabetics were observed. The data from this study show the role of endogenous sex hormones and hs-CRP in diabetes risk. Testosterone levels are partly influenced by insulin resistance, which may represent an important avenue for intervention
Role of Sex Chromatin on Performance in the Crossbred Cows
Authors: Raoof Salim Omar , بيرخدر دلياك , SheakhMohamad Younis Ahmad
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted on a total of 67crossbred  cows in Erbil plain during the period from July/ 2014 to April / 2015, to study the role of sex chromatin shapes (Drum stick, Sessile nodule, Tear drop and Small club) on  Daily Milk Yield (DMY), Lactation Period(LP), fertility rate and fertilize estrous sequences. We also study the effect of age of cows on the DMY, LP, and fertility and fertilize estrous sequences. The overall means of sex chromatin shapes drum stick, sessile nodule, tear drop shape and small club were 25.0 %, 35.0 %, 22.0 % and 18.0%, respectively. While the overall means of (DMY), LP, fertility rate and fertilize estrous sequences were 23.99kg, 197.46 days, and 87.13% and 1.54, respectively. The results showed that there is a significant (p≤0.05) different in relation to DMY, the highest rate of DMY showed among the cow, arise sex chromatin drum stick (28.86kg), lactation period (203.57), the small rate of DMY was low rate among the cows which arise sex chromatin tear drop and LP (192.63days). Significant effect of ages of cows on the patterns of sex chromatin had been observed. It was concluded from this study that the prediction of production milk production and reproduction (fertility rate and fertilize estrous sequences) performance of crossbred cows from shapes and percentage of sex chromatin distribution and measurements. The sex chromatin shapes in doing early selection the elite individuals on the linkage between sex chromatin shapes and performance production.
تقويم كفاءة البكتريا Pseudomonas fluorescens والفطر Trichoderma viridiفي مكافحة الفطرين Rhizoctonia solani وMacrophomina phaseolina في نباتات السمسم تحت ظروف المختبر والبيت الزجاجي
Authors: Jdyea I.A. , Al-azawy Ayad q.
Published: November 2021

اجريت هذه الدراسة لتقويم كفاءة عاملي المكافحة الاحيائية الفطرTrichoderma viridi (Tv) والبكتريا Pseudomonas fluorescens    (Pf)ضد الفطرين الممرضين Rhizoctonia solani وMacrophomina   phaseolina في نباتات السمسم تحت ظروف المختبروالبيت الزجاجي. ففي اختبار القدره الامراضيه لعزلات من الفطريين الممرضين على بادرات السمسم , اعطت العزله Rs-1 للفطر R.solani  نسبه اصابه 100% و80% والعزله Mp-8  للفطر M. phaseolina نسبه اصابه 100% و90% في المختبر والبيت الزجاجي على التوالي . في اختبار القدره التضاديه اعطت العزله Tv-4 درجه تضاد 1.2 و1.3 ضد العزلتين Rs-1 وMp-8 على التوالي . ادت العزله   Pf-6 الى تثبيط عزلتي الفطرين الممرضين اذ بلغت 100% .عند دراسه تاثير عاملي المكافحه الاحيائيه ضد عزلتي الفطرين الممرضين بطريقه معامله البذور تحت ظروف البيت الزجاجي, اظهرت النتائج تفوق معنوي لكلا العاملين في خفض نسبه الاصابه من 80% في معامله الشاهد الملوث الى 40 و45% لمعاملتي  الPf  وال Tv  على التوالي وذلك بعد 60 يوم من الزراعه. انعكس ذلك على معايير النمو الخضري والحاصل اذ ادت الى زياده معنويه في عدد القرنات (3.5 قرنه/نبات) لكلا عاملي المكافحه مقارنه بمعامله الشاهد الملوث (1.8 قرنه/نبات). ادت معاملات عاملي المكافحه الى خفض الكثافه السكانيه للفطرين الممرضين في التربه المعامله بهما.
تحديد الظروف المثلى لانتاج انزيم L-Asparaginase من عزلة محلية من caratovora AH88 Erwinia
Authors: Jebur Hameed Abbood , فيصل انفال خالد
Published: November 2021

هدفت هذه الدراسة الى تحديد الظروف المثلى لانتاج انزيمL- asparaginase   من عزلة محلية من بكتريا Erwinia Caratovora AH88   (تم الحصول عليها من دراسة سابقة) وباستخدام تقنية المزارع المغمورة.  أظهرت نتائج هذه الدراسة ان الظروف المثلى لانتاج انزيم L- asparaginas  من العزلة المحلية  المذكورة اعلاه   تضمنت استخدام اللاكتوز بتركيز 1% مصدرا للكاربون وخلاصة الخميرة بتركيز 1 % مصدرا للنتروجين فضلا عن  وجود الاسبارجين كمادة حاثة وبتركيز%0.19 .  كما ان  الرقم الهيدروجيني الامثل لوسط الانتاج هو 7 ودرجة الحرارة المثلى 30مْ وسرعة التهوية 150 دورة / دقيقة  وان حجم اللقاح الامثل كان مساويا الى 2 %  (محتويا على 3x 10 6 وحدة تكوين مستعمرة / مل)  وفترة الحضن المثلى كانت 24 ساعة.  وتحت الظروف المثلى لانتاج انزيم L- asparaginase   فان الفعالية الانزيمية والنوعية للانزيم بلغت  71.0 وحدة / مل   و17 وحدة / ملغم على التوالي.
Cytarabine Induced Reproductive Histopathological Changes in Albino Male Mice
Authors: Ibrahim Niran A. , Al-Shmgani Hanady S. , Ibrahim Ruqaya
Published: November 2021

Cytarabine (Ara-C) is widely used as an effective chemotherapeutic agent, essentially in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Albino male mice (Mus musculus) are used in this study to determine in vivo toxicity of the drug on spermatogenesis and sperm abnormality. Mice are divided into two groups; the experimental group received a dose of 0.33 mg/kg/day Ara-C for seven days, while the control group received normal saline for 7 days. Results indicated a significant increase in head abnormalities percentage (p≤ 0.05) in comparison to control group. Testosterone hormone concentration was significantly decreased (1.14 ± 0.12) ng/ml in treatment group in comparison with control group (2.41± 0.22) ng/ml. Histopathological changes revealed detectable spermatogenesis degeneration. Treatment caused spermatocytes disruption, presence of necrotic cells and appearance of spermiophages with slought cells in several seminiferous tubules. Leydig cells morphology are mostly intact; however, interstitial area appeared hypercellular. It is concluded that Ara-c exposure highly destructive to seminiferous tubule epithelium, which may lead in depressed mice fertility.
Studying some Cytotoxic Parameters of Aspartame (Diet sweet) on Mature Albino Male Mice
Authors: Abdulfattah Shaimaa yousif
Published: November 2021

The present study was planned to evaluate some cytotoxic effect of aspartame intake trough determining the apoptosis cells from peripheral blood and sperm head abnormality from cauda epididymis. After one week of administration of various doses of asparatame (3.5,35,350 mg/kg) to mature albino male mice and distilled water treated group was served as control. The results were statistically analyzed to compare the data of individual dose with that of the control, apoptotic and necrotic cells as well as sperm head are determined. The results showed that induce apoptosis cells in all concentrations (3.5,35,350 mg/kg) and necrotic cells in doses (35, 350 mg/kg) while late apoptosis in doses (35, 3.5 mg/kg) on the other hand, asparatame is increased in sperm head abnormality in (350, 35 mg/kg) dose. According to these results, it was possible to conclude that aspartame have a cytotoxic risk. Therefore, it is necessary to be careful when using such materials in food and beverages as a sweetener.
تحديد الظروف المثلى لأنتاج الكايتوسان من الفطر Aspergillus oryzae SU-B2 بطريقة تخمرات الحالة السائلة
Authors: Abdullateef Aya , Jaber Hameed Abbood , Thabit Zaid A.
Published: November 2021

الكايتوسان الذي يمكن الحصول عليه بعد ازالة مجاميع الاستيل من الكايتين، هو سكر متعدد يتشكل اساسا من وحدات متعددة من الدي كلوكوز امين. هو بوليمر حيوي متعدد الاستعمالات واظهر خصائص بايولوجية مختلفة فريدة من نوعها ولذلك له تطبيقات واسعة في الغذاء والطب الحيوي والصناعات الكيميائية.  هدفت هذه الدراسة الى تحديد الظروف المثلى لأنتاج الكايتوسان من الفطر Aspergillus oryzae SU-B2 اظهرت النتائج أن أفضل تلك الظروف تتمثل بأستخدام سكر الكلوكوز بتركيز 2% كمصدر للكربون وكلا من كبريتات الامونيوم بتركيز %0. 5 ومستخلص الخميرة بتركز 0. 1% والببتون بتركيز1% كمصدر للنتروجين والرقم الهيدروجيني 5.5 ودرجة الحرارة 30م ومدة 120ساعة وحجم اللقاح 15 مل محتويا على 710x1 بوغ/ مل وبسرعة تهوية 150دورة/ دقيقة حيث بلغت انتاجية الكايتوسان 10200 ملغم/ لتر وبمعدل زيادة بلغت207.2 %.
New Record of Penicillium vanoranjei in Iraq
Authors: Al-mansour Wafaa khalaf , Hamoody Abdulhanmed. M. , Dheeb Batol  I. , Al-Samarai Ghassan
Published: November 2021

The present study aimed to identification of P. vanoranjei based on microscopical and cultural method as a new record isolate in Iraq. Penicillium vanoranjei is a new species in Iraq  that  produce an orang production pigment after compelet growth on the culure medium. Location, the spesmen collected from women patient  admitted to Al Jimhory Hospital in Samaraa city and lived in Al Jilam township during December/ /2016  in Salah Al Deen Governorate- Samaraa City. Morphological and microscopichal charecterstic  appeared that the top view of the culture slightly raised in the center; mycelia was white near the margins, the reversed view appeared Dark brown. Microscopic examination illustrates that the Conidiophores were monoverticillate (unbranched) Penicillium vanoranjei .
A Comparison Between the Effects of Global Sperm Washing® and FertiCult Flushing TM Media on Certain Sperm Function Parameters of Asthenozoospermic Men
Authors: Al-Dujaily Saad S. , Al-Azzawi Khalid , Hussein Zena , Al-Anii Ban
Published: November 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) and many studies considered the infertility as a disease and so many couples complaining from unsuccessful assisted reproductive technologies procedures to overcome their problem. One of the reasons of this dilemma is the sperm preparation method when no optimum result obtained even by using any of media found globally. However Global sperm washing®, and FertiCult flushingTM media were proved their capability to obtain good results of certain sperm function parameters. Nevertheless, the studies that compare between these media were rare. Therefore, this study aimed to compare between Global sperm washing medium®, FertiCult flushing TM media that used for sperm washing before using the partner sperm for ART procedure. After detecting asthenozoospermia in sixty semen samples, they were divided into two groups according to medium used for sperm activation in vitro Global sperm washing medium ® (n=31) and FertiCult flushing mediumTM (n=29) groups.The semen analysis was done after 3-5 days of abstinence as recommended by the manual of WHO (1999). Certain sperm function parameters were recorded. Semen fluid samples were treated with sperm activation media (Global sperm washing medium and FertiCult flushing medium TM) by using direct swim-up technique for in vitro sperm activation test. A significant (P<0.05) improvement was noticed between the two media regarding active sperm motility grades A and  B when using FertiCult flushing mediumTM compared to Global sperm washing medium®. Whereas no significant (P>0.05) differences were detected between the two media regarding sperm motility grades C and D. There was no significant (P>0.05) differences in morphologically normal sperm  following in vitro activation by using the two media. It is concluded that FertiCult flushing mediumTM was better than Global sperm washing medium®  in improving active sperm motility of asthenozoospermic men which can be utilized in future for successful of assisted reproduction.
Evaluation of Minitubers Yield and Scaling which Produced from Microtubers Transplanting Using Soilless Culture Technique
Authors: Issa Falah Hassan
Published: November 2021

The results of the experiment showed that the variety Santa was significant superior than Draga in leaf area, mean number of tubers.Plant-1, total yield. Plant-1 and the percentage of number of tubers with the size 1.5- 2 cm, which reached 9.3, 26.56, 6.34 % and 47% respectively there were no differences between them in the tuber sizes of 2-3 cm. The Draga variety significantly differ than Santa on the tubers size 0.7-1.5 and 3-5 cm and the ratio was 2.5% and 79.8%, respectively. The growing media M1 significantly superior than M2 and M3 in leaves area, numbers of minitubers and total yield.Plant-1 reached 26.26Dcm2, 19.69 minitubers and 427.37g .plant-1 respectively. The media M3 significantly differed from M2 and M1 in the tubers size 3-5cm and their ratio were 19.0%, 15.8% and 15.2% respectively. The Draga variety in M2 media significantly differed than Santa in M1 media in differed from tubers size and the ratio reached 20.5% and 10.1% respectively.
دراسات مختبرية حول تأثير الكثافات السكانية للحشرة القشرية Parlatoria blanchardi في الاداء الحياتي للمفترس Chilocorus bipustulatus
Authors: Kamil Shaimaa Hameed
Published: November 2021

نفذت هذه الدراسة لغرض تسليط الضوء على تأثير الكثافات السكانية  للحشرة القشرية Parlatoria blanchardi  في الاداء الحياتي للمفترس  Chilocorus bipustulatu . اوضحت النتائج أن مدة الدور اليرقي تناسبت عكسيا مع الكثافات السكانية للحشرة القشرية أذ بلغت 20 يوما كمعدل  عند الكثافة السكانية 80  حورية بينما أزدادت لتبلغ  33.5  يوما كمعدل عند الكثافة السكانية 25 حورية وبفروق معنوية عند مستوى احتمال 0.05 فيما لم تستطع  اليرقات أكمال عمرها اليرقي الاول عند تربيتها على الكثافة السكانية 10  حورية .بينما تناسبت الكفاءة الافتراسية للدور اليرقي  ونسب البقاء للمفترس طردياً  مع الكثافات السكانية للحشرة القشرية  اذ بلغت 634.6  حورية / يوماً كمعدل  ونسب البقاء 40  %عند الكثافة السكانية25  حورية وازدادت لتبلغ معدل 1530.3  حورية / يوماً  ونسبة البقاء  60 وبفارق معنوي. وأوضحت النتائج بأن احسن كثافة للفريسة يمكن أن تربى عليها اليرقات المفترس هي 65  حورية لان طول مدة الدور اليرقي هي اقل مايمكن  وبأعلى نسبة بقاء وعدم فرقها معنوياً عن تربيتها بالكثافة السكانية  80  حورية.
Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Total flavonoids Extracted from Mentha arvnesis Aerial Parts
Authors: Mutar Muna Abd , Hassan Zaynab Y. Muhammed , Naser Najy swady
Published: November 2021

Mentha arvnesis is an important medicinal plant that contains many groups of secondary metabolites that have extensive biological activity. The flavonoids were extracted from the aerial parts of the mature plant by using reflex extraction, and the aglycan fraction was isolated with ethyl acetate. The flavonoids of the extract were detected qualitatively with TLC technique. The total amount of flavonoids derived from the plant was estimated using a colorimetric method and the total value was calculated using the straight line equation of the standard flavonoid curve (Rutin). The plant was found to be rich in flavonoids, especially rutin, quarrecetin, kaempferol, luteolin and low concentration of coumarin. Total flavonoids were about 0.78 mg for each gm. powdered aerial parts.
Polymorphism of P-selectin (- 2123C/G, rs1800807 C/G) and IL-4 -1098 in a sample of Iraqi Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Authors: Al-mohaidi Asmaa M.
Published: November 2021

Diabetes is a major public health problem because it is world’s sixth cause of death. An inflammatory disease that associated with many inflammatory markers, which is a key for complications of vascular endothelial system, literally for high risk populations. Some adhesion molecules were studied in the sera of Iraqi Arab female as P-selectin associated with inflammatory disease and Cytokines. This work tend to evaluate the association between soluble P-selectin level, polymorphism for mutation site 2123C/G (rs1800807) and the role of P-selectin and IL-4  polymorphism in the developing of  Diabetes Mellitus type 2. Genetic polymorphism of P-selectin gene was investigated at the position -2123C/G, Present study illustrated three genotypes (GG, GC, CC), with the significant protective effect for G allele and Etiological effect for C allele. The Polymorphism of IL-4- gene at the position IL-4 -1098 was presented with three genotypes (TT, TC and CC), Furthermore the result of C allele frequency (RR=1.45 with EF=0.312) reflect an Etiological effect for C allele with positive association with disease. All present factors in the first view  may occur as  independent risk factors but after a deeply focusing on results, it seems as if there’s a sequence functions among them, the result in a synergist effect  interfere with Diabetes Mellitus type 2
First report of citrus bacterial canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in iraq
Authors: Al-Dulaimi Firas , AL-Kaisse Asmaa A. , Al-rubaye Laith , Abdulwadood Mahl
Published: November 2021

Collected citrus leaves, with erumpent, callus – like lesions with a water-soaked margin of Tangerine (Citrus reticulate Blance), Mexican lemon (Citrus limon), and Sweet orang (Citrus sinensis Osbec) from different orchards in Diyala, Baghdad and Babylon Governorate of Iraq. Pathogenicity of different isolates was confirmed along with symptoms under laboratory condition on detached leaf using pin prick method, observed that 21 (60 %) isolate Xac. was highly virulent to initiate water soaked lesion and fully developed symptoms within 10 to15 days, 14 (40 %) isolate Xac. were less virulent. The results of morphological (shape, colony and color) and biochemical characteristic (gram reaction, starch hydrolysis, gelatein liquefaction, KOH test, Indole production, oxidase reaction, acid and gas production, catalase reaction, fluorescent pigmentation test and NaCl tolerant). Molecular identification was performed by PCR using specific primer J-pth1̸ J-pth2 amplicon 198 bp indicated the occurrence of CBC in Iraq.  All isolates 35(100%) were harbor  pthA gene. These represent the first report of CBC in Iraq.
The activity of extracts chara vulgaris against promastigotes of leishmania tropica.
Authors: Ali Ban Hussein , Saleh Thaer A. , Al-Halbosiy Mohammed M.
Published: November 2021

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by Leishmania parasite, this disease considers as a major health problem worldwide. The available therapy is unsatisfactory expensive with a cytotoxic side effects. Studies of marine algae as a source of pharmacological active compounds have increased worldwide.  This study was aimed to investigate the effect of a type of green algae (Chara vulgaris) on promastigotes of L. tropica, by using. various concentrations (500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.6 µg/mL) in vitro by MTT assay [3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2.5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide)], to investigate its effect on the proliferation of promastigotes, by three incubation periods (24, 48, 72 hr.) The results showed a significant (p< 0.05)   decrease in survived of promastigotes in treatment groups with concentrations that ranged between 15 to 500 μg/ ml.  This study revealed a major growth inhibition effect of the organic extract of C. vulgaris against L. tropica promastigotes, and the extract of ethyl acetate showed potential activity is better than the aqueous extract.
Effect of maca(Lepidium meyenii) aqueous extract on the epididymal sperms quality and the DNA normality of vasectomized mature mice:model forobstructive azoospermia in men
Authors: Al-Dujaily Saad S. , Al-Arak Jwad K , Ethawi Jasim M. , Al-Ebrahimi Haider , Yosif Muna
Published: November 2021

This study was aimed to found out the effect of Maca extract on certain sperm function characters and sperm DNA normality in vasectomized and healthy adult mice as a model for men complaining from obstructive azoospermia. Twenty adult male mice were randomly divided into four groups (5males per each group).The first group(GI) was regarded as a negative control that treated with distilled water. Whereas group II  was gavage maca extract daily  with 1mg/100gm.GropIII,and IV were vasectomized . Mice in GIII were vasectomized without treatment while the mice in group GIV were vasectomized and orally administrated maca dose(1mg/100gm).At the last of experiment(35 days), all the mice were scarified for assessment of  certain sperm function parameters . The results revealed that a significant (P<0.05)improvement of  grade (A and B) of active sperm motility in mice treated  orally with  Maca extract was recorded compared with other groups, while grade (C) was significantly increase in vasectomized mice (GIIIgroup) as compared with other healthy mice . DNA fragmentation resulted from fertile mice gavages with maca  were reduced compared to healthy non-treated group and other  treated and non-treated vasectomized mice (GIII and GIVgroup).Orally administration of animals with Maca extract caused  a significant (p<0.05) improvement in  the percentage of  morphologically normal sperm compared with vasectomized  treated and non treated groups.

It is concluded that oral administration of  Maca extract caused a  significant increment in  certain sperm function parameters of vasectomized mice in turn this result can be utilized for  obstructive azoospermic men.