bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A star-shaped polyimide covalent organic framework for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Gu Shuai , Hao Rui , Chen Jingjing , Chen Xi , Liu Kun , Hussain Iftikhar , Liu Guiyu , Wang Zhiqiang , Gan Qingmeng , Guo Hao , Li Muqing , Zhang Kaili , Lu Zhouguang
Published: July 2022

A novel star-shaped polyimide COF is synthesized and exhibits the highest work voltage among the COF electrode materials.
Preparation and photodynamic antibacterial/anticancer effects of ultralong-lifetime room-temperature phosphorescent N-doped carbon dots
Authors: Miao Yanming , Zhang Xinhao , Li Jinyao , Yang Wenli , Huang Xiaomin , Lv Jinzhi
Published: July 2022

The URTP CNDs largely extends the collision time between T1 state exciton and O2, which improve quantum yield of singlet oxygen (1O2) in solutions, facilitating the photodynamic antibacterial and anticancer effects.
Evolution of the oxidation behaviors of highly oxidation-resistant (Ti0.8Nb0.2)C in 1000–1200 °C steam
Authors: Yu Dan , Tan Yongqiang
Published: July 2022

The evolution of the oxidation behaviors of (Ti0.8Nb0.2)C reveals that the outward diffusion of the metal elements plays a decisive role during oxidation and the diffusion rate disparity gives rise to diverse oxidation behaviors.
Preparation and research of epoxy modified by carboxyl-terminated polybutylene adipate at room temperature
Authors: Luo Xu , Li Yu , Sun Zhaoyi , Wang Guorong , Xin Jie
Published: July 2022

In this study, carboxyl-terminated poly(butylene adipate) (CTPBA) was synthesized, which was terminated with epoxy and used as a toughening agent to modify the epoxy resin, and the modified epoxy resin was cured at room temperature.
Catalytic N-methyl amidation of carboxylic acids under cooperative conditions
Authors: Yingxian Li , Wei Chen , Linchun Zhao , Ji-Quan Zhang , Yonglong Zhao , Chun Li , Bing Guo , Lei Tang , Yuan-Yong Yang
Published: July 2022

The generation of N-methyl amides using simple acids with high atom economy is rare owning to the volatile nature of methyl amine. Herein, an atom economic protocol was disclosed to prepare this valuable motif under DABCO/Fe3O4 cooperative catalysis.
Cation–π and hydrophobic interaction controlled PET recognition in double mutated cutinase – identification of a novel binding subsite for better catalytic activity
Authors: James Anjima , De Susmita
Published: July 2022

Molecular recognition and binding of PET on cutinase controlled by switching between π–π and cation–π interactions.
Detecting polystyrene nanoplastics using filter paper-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Kihara Shinji , Chan Andrew , In Eugene , Taleb Nargiss , Tollemache Cherie , Yick Samuel , McGillivray Duncan J.
Published: July 2022

This work presents a novel filter paper-based method using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), for detecting polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs).
Base-promoted direct amidation of esters: beyond the current scope and practical applications
Authors: Slavchev Ivaylo , Ward Jas. S. , Rissanen Kari , Dobrikov Georgi M. , Simeonov Svilen
Published: July 2022

A new method for direct amidation of unactivated esters with unprecedented substrate scope is developed.
Enantioselective synthesis of α-tetrasubstituted (3-indolizinyl) (diaryl)methanamines via chiral phosphoric acid catalysis
Authors: Zhong Jialing , Pan Rihuang , Lin Xufeng
Published: July 2022

Chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of α-tetrasubstituted (3-indolizinyl) (diaryl)methanamines has been developed.
Three-dimensional microporous and mesoporous covalent organic frameworks based on cubic building units
Authors: Liao Li , Guan Xinyu , Zheng Haorui , Zhang Zerong , Liu Yaozu , Li Hui , Zhu Liangkui , Qiu Shilun , Yao Xiangdong , Fang Qianrong
Published: July 2022

Two unusual cubic (8-connected) building units and their derived 3D imine-linked COFs based on bcu nets have been designed and synthesized, which demonstrates highly crystalline structures, excellent surface areas, and large pore sizes.
A hexacoordinated Bi3+-based ellagate MOF with acid/base resistance boosting carbon dioxide electroreduction to formate
Authors: Li Junjun , Wang Congyong , Wang Dingjia , Yang Chenhuai , Cui Xiaoya , Gao Xuejiao J. , Zhang Zhicheng
Published: July 2022

Rod-shaped SU-101 catalysts exhibited a high HCOO−Faraday efficiency of 93.66% at −1.10 Vvs.RHE due to the unique hexacoordinated Bi3+site of SU-101.
Interface coupling induced built-in electric fields boost electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia over CuO@MnO2 core–shell hierarchical nanoarrays
Authors: Xu You , Sheng Youwei , Wang Mingzhen , Ren Tianlun , Shi Keke , Wang Ziqiang , Li Xiaonian , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing
Published: July 2022

CuO@MnO2 core–shell hierarchical nanoarrays with built-in electric field effects could trigger interfacial accumulation of nitrate ions and accelerate nitrate electroreduction kinetics.
Developing highly reducing conjugated porous polymer: a metal-free and recyclable approach with superior performance for pinacol C–C coupling under visible light
Authors: Lan Feng , Liu Cheng-Song , Zhou Cen , Huang Xiaozhou , Wu Jun-Yan , Zhang Xiao
Published: July 2022

A highly reducing conjugated porous polymer enables pinacol C–C coupling with superior performance in a metal-free and recyclable fashion under visible light.
Remarkably high proton conductivity in cubic perovskite-related Ba3WO6
Authors: Yang Jian , Lv Yun , Xu Xiangyu , Song Xingping , Wei Huina , Tian Man , Xu Jungu
Published: July 2022

Remarkably high proton conductivity was identified in a cubic Ba3WO6 polymorph with a 4 × 4 × 4 superstructure of a simple perovskite structure.
A waterbomb origami tower for convertible photothermal evaporation
Authors: Liu Xiaojie , Tian Yanpei , Chen Fangqi , Mu Ying , Caratenuto Andrew , Minus Marilyn L. , Zheng Yi
Published: July 2022

A portable waterbomb origami pattern-based tower-like structure, named an “origami tower”, works as a convertible photothermal evaporator floating on water for efficient solar-driven interfacial desalination under one sun illumination.
3D-printed flexible supercapacitors with multi-level bonded configuration via ion cross-linking
Authors: Yang Jiayu , Wang Yuxuan , Du Junjie , Bu Fan , Cao Qinghe , Meng Ting , Xu Xi , Guan Cao
Published: July 2022

Integrated stretchable supercapacitors with a multi-level bridged configuration are constructed through in situ crosslinking of alginate chains. The strategy results in high interface charge transfer efficiency and ultra-stable electrochemical performance.
A decellularized spinal cord extracellular matrix-gel/GelMA hydrogel three-dimensional composite scaffold promotes recovery from spinal cord injury via synergism with human menstrual blood-derived stem cells
Authors: He Wenhua , Zhang Xuanxuan , Li Xiangzhe , Ju Dingyue , Mao Tiantian , Lu Yan , Gu Yu , Qi Longju , Wang Qinghua , Wu Qinfeng , Dong Chuanming
Published: July 2022

The DSCG, GelMA, and MenSCs were cross-linked by photoinitiators under UV irradiation to make composite scaffolds. The MenSC-encapsulated composite scaffolds were then transplanted into a rat model with complete spinal cord transection.
Benign solution-processed (BixSb1−x)2Se3 alloys for short-wavelength infrared mesoporous solar cells
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Vana Omer , Balakrishnan Subila Kurukkal , Edri Eran
Published: July 2022

The short wavelength infrared (SWIR) region of the solar spectrum is underutilized, partly due to the limited availability of light absorbers for this region.
WNT signaling and cancer stemness
Authors: Katoh Masuko , Katoh Masaru
Published: July 2022

Cancer stemness, defined as the self-renewal and tumor-initiation potential of cancer stem cells (CSCs), is a cancer biology property featuring activation of CSC signaling networks. Canonical WNT signaling through Frizzled and LRP5/6 receptors is transmitted to the β-catenin-TCF/LEF-dependent transcription machinery to up-regulate MYC, CCND1, LGR5, SNAI1, IFNG, CCL28, CD274 (PD-L1) and other target genes. Canonical WNT signaling causes expansion of rapidly cycling CSCs and modulates both immune surveillance and immune tolerance. In contrast, noncanonical WNT signaling through Frizzled or the ROR1/2 receptors is transmitted to phospholipase C, Rac1 and RhoA to control transcriptional outputs mediated by NFAT, AP-1 and YAP-TEAD, respectively. Noncanonical WNT signaling supports maintenance of slowly cycling, quiescent or dormant CSCs and promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition via crosstalk with TGFβ (transforming growth factor-β) signaling cascades, while the TGFβ signaling network induces immune evasion. The WNT signaling network orchestrates the functions of cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and fine-tunes stemness in human cancers, such as breast, colorectal, gastric and lung cancers. Here, WNT-related cancer stemness features, including proliferation/dormancy plasticity, epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity and immune-landscape plasticity, will be discussed. Porcupine inhibitors, β-catenin protein–protein interaction inhibitors, β-catenin proteolysis targeting chimeras, ROR1 inhibitors and ROR1-targeted biologics are investigational drugs targeting WNT signaling cascades. Mechanisms of cancer plasticity regulated by the WNT signaling network are promising targets for therapeutic intervention; however, further understanding of context-dependent reprogramming trajectories might be necessary to optimize the clinical benefits of WNT-targeted monotherapy and applied combination therapy for patients with cancer.
Optimising the electroluminescence performance of ZnS: Cu/epoxy composites via exploring the relationship between electroluminescence intensity and filler intrinsic attributes
Authors: Qi Wen , Liu Miao , Chen Siqi , He Kun , Zhao Luxing , Shen Boyang , Bian Xingming
Published: July 2022

Electroluminescent composites have considerable potential for applications in photoelectric display, electric field measurement and other fields due to their advantages of simple preparation and uniform luminescence. However, high voltage required by the operation of electroluminescent composites hinders their applications in the electric domain, and research on the relationship between electroluminescence principle of composites and filler intrinsic attributes is insufficient. In this paper, the effects of electric field strength, filler mass fraction and voltage frequency on the electroluminescence intensity of ZnS:Cu/epoxy composites are studied, which are majorly used as the luminescent layer of electroluminescent devices. To enhance the electroluminescence intensity of composites, high‐temperature sintered BaTiO3 and zinc oxide whiskers (ZnOw) particles are introduced in the base matrix. The finite element method is applied to verify that the matrix of high dielectric constant is in favour of improving the electroluminescence intensity of composites. The band structure of the ZnS:Cu particle is calculated based on the density functional theory + U method to analyse the intrinsic relationship between electroluminescence and particle electronic structure. This paper provides a basis for the research of high electroluminescence intensity devices and will be conducive to better understanding on the relationship between electroluminescence principle and filler intrinsic attributes.
Fault‐tolerant modular multilevel converter for a seamless transition between stand‐alone and grid‐connected microgrid
Authors: Mahmoud Alaa A. , Hafez Ahmed A. , Yousef Ali M. , Gaafar Mahmoud A. , Orabi Mohamed , Ali Alaa F.M.
Published: July 2022

Recently, renewable distributed generation (DG) systems have emerged to improve the power system security and reliability while reducing the environmental incompatibility of fossil fuel power plants. DG could operate either as a standalone and/or as a grid‐connected power system. The interfacing circuits of DG and their controls have to comply with utility quality regulations and afford a seamless transition from online to offline and vice versa. This article advises a simple and robust control scheme for a modular multilevel converter (MMC) that interfaces with a photovoltaic (PV) generator. The proposed control method ensures high‐quality output voltage/current waveform in online and/or offline operating modes. Moreover, the proposed control provides a seamless and swift transition from standalone to grid‐connected and vice versa. The exhibited control scheme is simulated with MATLAB/Simulink. Real‐time simulator OPAL‐RT OP4510 is used to verify the displayed simulation results. The simulation results determine the accomplishment of the proposed control technique for a seamless transition from the grid‐connected mode to the standalone mode and vice versa via MMC.
ShapePipe: A new shape measurement pipeline and weak-lensing application to UNIONS/CFIS data
Authors: Guinot Axel , Kilbinger Martin , Farrens Samuel , Peel Austin , Pujol Arnau , Schmitz Morgan , Starck Jean-Luc , Erben Thomas , Gavazzi Raphael , Gwyn Stephen , Hudson Michael J. , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Tobias Liaudat , Miller Lance , Spitzer Isaac , Van Waerbeke Ludovic , Cuillandre Jean-Charles , Fabbro Sébastien , McConnachie Alan , Mellier Yannick
Published: July 2022

Context.The Ultraviolet Near-Infrared Optical Northern Survey (UNIONS) is an ongoing collaboration that will provide the largest deep photometric survey of the northern sky in four optical bands to date. As part of this collaboration, the Canada-France Imaging Survey (CFIS) is observingr-band data with an average seeing of 0.65 arcsec, which is complete to magnitude 24.5 and thus ideal for weak-lensing studies.

Aims.We perform the first weak-lensing analysis of CFISr-band data over an area spanning 1700 deg2of the sky. We create a catalogue with measured shapes for 40 million galaxies, corresponding to an effective density of 6.8 galaxies per square arcminute, and demonstrate a low level of systematic biases. This work serves as the basis for further cosmological studies that will use the full UNIONS survey of 4800 deg2when completed.

Methods.Here we present SHAPEPIPE, a newly developed weak-lensing pipeline. This pipeline makes use of state-of-the-art methods such as NGMIXfor accurate galaxy shape measurement. Shear calibration is performed with metacalibration. We carry out extensive validation tests on the point spread function (PSF) and on the galaxy shapes. In addition, we create realistic image simulations to validate the estimated shear.

Results.We quantify the PSF model accuracy and show that the level of systematics is low as measured by the PSF residuals. Their effect on the shear two-point correlation function is sub-dominant compared to the cosmological contribution on angular scales < 100′. The additive shear bias is below 5 × 10−4, and the residual multiplicative shear bias is at most 10−3as measured on image simulations. Using complete orthogonal sets ofE-/B-mode integrals (COSEBIs), we show that there are no significantB-modes present in second-order shear statistics. We present convergence maps and see clear correlations of theE-mode with known cluster positions. We measure the stacked tangential shear profile aroundPlanckclusters at a significance higher than 4σ.
Exploring compact binary populations with the Einstein Telescope
Authors: Singh Neha , Bulik Tomasz , Belczynski Krzysztof , Askar Abbas
Published: July 2022

The Einstein Telescope (ET), a wide-band, future third generation gravitational wave detector, is expected to have detection rates of ∼105 − 106 binary black hole (BBH) detections and ∼7 × 104 binary neutron star (BNS) detections in one year. The coalescence of compact binaries with a total mass of 20–100 M⊙, typical of BH-BH or BH-NS binaries, will be visible up to redshift z ≈ 20 and even higher, thus facilitating the understanding of the dark era of the Universe preceding the birth of the first stars. The ET will therefore be a crucial instrument for population studies. We analysed the compact binaries originating in stars from (i) Population (Pop) I+II, (ii) Pop III, and (iii) globular clusters (GCs), with the single ET instrument, using the ET-D design sensitivity for the analysis. We estimated the constraints on the chirp mass, redshift, and merger rate as function of redshift for these classes of compact object binaries. We conclude that the ET as a single instrument is capable of detecting and distinguishing different compact binary populations separated in chirp mass – redshift space. While compact binaries originating in stars from Pop III are clearly distinguishable, owing to the separation in chirp mass – redshift space, the other two populations, Pop I+II, and GCs, can be distinguished with just 500 detections, corresponding to an observation time of ∼1 h. The mass distribution characteristics of such different compact binary populations can also be estimated with the single ET instrument.
An adaptive stochastic Galerkin method based on multilevel expansions of random fields: Convergence and optimality
Authors: Bachmayr Markus , Voulis Igor
Published: July 2022

The subject of this work is a new stochastic Galerkin method for second-order elliptic partial differential equations with random diffusion coefficients. It combines operator compression in the stochastic variables with tree-based spline wavelet approximation in the spatial variables. Relying on a multilevel expansion of the given random diffusion coefficient, the method is shown to achieve optimal computational complexity up to a logarithmic factor. In contrast to existing results, this holds in particular when the achievable convergence rate is limited by the regularity of the random field, rather than by the spatial approximation order. The convergence and complexity estimates are illustrated by numerical experiments.
A new traction device (S-O clip) facilitating the endoscopic submucosal dissection of tumors in the ileocecal valve region
Authors: Yu Shangrui , Wang Pengfei , Feng Yanhu
Published: July 2022

Background Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a method that can be used for en bloc resection, regardless of the size and form of the lesion. The special location of ileocecal tumors leads to insufficient counter-traction and poor field of vision, making ESD difficult. An S-O clip has been developed to simplify the attachment procedure, eliminating interference with the endoscope and improving accessibility.

Case presentation The patient was a 70-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain and bloating. A colonoscopy revealed a flat-elevated-type lesion on the ileocecal valve, with the oral side of the lesion having progressed to the terminal ileum. The traction direction was adjusted from distal to proximal during the procedure using the S-O clip. Finally, with the help of the S-O clip, the tumor was safely removed and collected.

Conclusion The S-O clip was successful in ESD of a colorectal tumor. By removing and re-anchoring the loaded ring, the S-O clips allowed the adjustment of traction direction from distal to proximal during ESD.
EUS-guided biliary drainage with a novel electrocautery-enhanced lumen apposing metal stent as first approach for distal malignant biliary obstruction: a prospective study
Authors: Mangiavillano Benedetto , Moon Jong Ho , Facciorusso Antonio , Di Matteo Francesco , Paduano Danilo , Bulajic Milutin , Ofosu Andrew , Auriemma Francesco , Lamonaca Laura , Yoo Hae Won , Rea Roberta , Massidda Marco , Repici Alessandro
Published: July 2022

Background and study aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) represents the gold standard for jaundice palliation in malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) patients. Biliary drainage using electrocautery lumen apposing metal stent (EC-LAMS) is currently a well-established procedure when ERCP fails. We aimed to assess the technical and clinical success of a new EC-LAMS as the first approach to the palliation of malignant jaundice due to MBO in patients unfit for surgery.

Patients and methods Twenty-five consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic-guided biliary drainage with the new EC-LAMS were prospectively enrolled. Clinical success was defined as bilirubin level decrease > 15 % 24 hours after EC-LAMS placement.

Results Mean age was 76.6 ± 11.56 years, and male patients were 10 (40 %). EC-LAMS placement was technically feasible in 24 patients (96 %) and clinical success rate was 100 %. Only one patient (4 %) experienced a misplacement rescued by an immediate second EC-LAMS placement. The mean duration of hospital stay was 4.66 ± 4.22 days. The median overall survival was 7 months (95 % CI 1–7).

Conclusions In this preliminary study, the new EC-LAMS seems to allow a single-step palliative endoscopic therapy in patients affected by jaundice due to MBO, with high technical and clinical success and low adverse events. Further large prospective studies are warranted to validate these results.
Gesundheitliche Lage in der Ukraine vor Kriegsbeginn und ihre
Relevanz für die Versorgung ukrainischer Geflüchteter in
Deutschland: Literaturdurchsicht, Risikoanalyse und
Prioritätensetzung
Authors: Butenop Joost , Brake Tessa , Mauder Sieglinde , Razum Oliver
Published: July 2022

Hintergrund Die gesundheitlichen Bedarfe Geflüchteter ergeben sich
nicht nur aus Expositionen während Krieg und Flucht. Auch Determinanten
aus dem Lebenslauf und etabliertes Gesundheitsverhalten spielen eine Rolle. Wir
untersuchten daher die gesundheitliche Lage in der Ukraine vor der russischen
Invasion 2022 und ihre Relevanz für die Versorgung ukrainischer
Geflüchteter in Deutschland aus Sicht des Öffentlichen
Gesundheitsdienstes (ÖGD).

Methode Rapid Review in der Medline-Datenbank sowie Suche in
einschlägigen ukrainischen und internationalen Gesundheitsdatenbanken.
Narrative Synthese der Ergebnisse, gefolgt von einer Priorisierung der
Gesundheitsprobleme und Maßnahmen durch zwei Mediziner mithilfe des
Risikomatrix-Ansatzes.

Ergebnisse Niedrige Impfquoten bestehen bei Covid-19 und führen zu
Ausbrüchen in Unterkünften. Bei Masern und anderen
Grundimmunisierungen bestehen Impflücken überwiegend bei
älteren Kindern; 2–5-Jährige haben die zweite
Masernimpfung noch nicht erhalten. HIV- und Tuberkulose-Therapien können
durch die Flucht unterbrochen sein. Kommen zunehmend ältere
Geflüchtete, so stehen aufgrund der Flucht unzureichend behandelte
Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen und vorbestehende psychische Traumatisierung sowie
ggf. akut therapiebedürftige Krebserkrankungen im Vordergrund. Bei
ukrainischen Geflüchteten kann ein Misstrauen gegenüber mit dem
Staat assoziierten Gesundheitsmaßnahmen bestehen, wie die
Impflücken zeigen.

Schlussfolgerung Der Zugang Geflüchteter zu kurativer und
präventiver Gesundheitsversorgung sollte ohne bürokratische
Hürden und Einschränkungen gewährleistet werden. Durch
die Analyse von Gesundheitsstatistiken der Ukraine sowie wissenschaftlicher
Publikationen können Angebote des ÖGD besser angepasst und ein
Fehleinsatz von Ressourcen vermieden werden.
What Is the Cost of Off-Axis Insertion of Locking Screws? A Biomechanical Comparison of a 3.5 mm Fixed-Angle and 3.5 mm Variable-Angle Stainless Steel Locking Plate Systems
Authors: Kaczmarek Jakub , Bartkowiak Tomasz , Paczos Piotr , Zawadzki Paweł , Łączna Daria , Gapiński Bartosz
Published: July 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of screw insertion angle and insertion torque on the mechanical properties of a 3.5 fixed-angle locking plate locking compression plate (LCP) and 3.5 variable-angle locking plate polyaxial locking system (PLS).

Methods In the LCP group, screws were placed abaxially at 0, 5 and 10 degrees. In the PLS group, screws were placed at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 degrees abaxially. The insertion torque was set to 1.5 and 2.5 Nm in the LCP and PLS groups respectively. A load was applied parallel to the screw axis, and the screw push-out force was measured until the locking mechanism was loosened.

Results The 3.5 LCP showed higher push-out strength than the 3.5 PLS when the screws were placed at 0 degree regardless of the insertion torque. The off-axis insertion of 3.5 LCP locking screws resulted in a significant decrease in push-out strength (p < 0.05). A higher insertion torque value significantly increased the screw holding strength for the 3.5 LCP (p < 0.05). The 3.5 PLS system had a significantly higher push-out force when the screws are at 0 degree than at 5, 10 and 15 degrees, and 20 degrees (p < 0.05) at any given insertion torque. An increase in the insertion torque did not have a significant effect on the push-out strength of the 3.5 PLS locking system.

Conclusion The 3.5 PLS is more sensitive to the screw insertion angle than to the insertion torque, whereas the 3.5 LCP is affected by both factors. Placing 3.5 LCP locking screws off-axis significantly reduces the screw holding strength; therefore, this approach has to be avoided. The findings of our research indicate that a 1.5 Nm torque can be used for a 3.5 PLS.
The buzz about machine learning and pesticide toxicity
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: July 2022

Representing pesticides by random walks on their molecular graphs allows a support vector machine to predict their toxicity to bees.
Trifold technique could improve breast cancer screening
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: July 2022

Combination of photoacoustic imaging, ultrasound, and shear wave elastography may produce three-dimensional images of breast tissue vascularity and stiffness.
Pinching arc plasmas by high-frequency alternating longitudinal magnetic field
Authors: Wang Xiaoliang , Harrison Andrew , Chang Yunlong , Liu Jian
Published: July 2022

Arc plasmas have promising applications in many fields, and exploring their properties is of interest. This research paper presents detailed pressure-based finite volume simulations of an argon arc. Simulations of the free-burning argon arc show good agreement with experiment. We observe an interesting phenomenon that an argon arc concentrates intensively in a high-frequency alternating longitudinal magnetic field. This is different from existing constricting mechanisms, as here the arc is pinched through continuous dynamic transitions between shrinking and expansion. The underlying mechanism is that via working together with an arc's motion inertia, the applied high-frequency alternating magnetic field is able to effectively play a “plasma trap” role, which leads the arc plasma to be confined to a narrower space. This finding may provide a new approach to constrict arc plasmas.
Selective amorphization of SiGe in Si/SiGe nanostructures via high energy Si+ implant
Authors: Turner Emily M. , Campbell Quinn , Avci Ibrahim , Weber William J. , Lu Ping , Wang George T. , Jones Kevin S.
Published: July 2022

The selective amorphization of SiGe in Si/SiGe nanostructures via a 1 MeV Si+ implant was investigated, resulting in single-crystal Si nanowires (NWs) and quantum dots (QDs) encapsulated in amorphous SiGe fins and pillars, respectively. The Si NWs and QDs are formed during high-temperature dry oxidation of single-crystal Si/SiGe heterostructure fins and pillars, during which Ge diffuses along the nanostructure sidewalls and encapsulates the Si layers. The fins and pillars were then subjected to a 3 × 1015 ions/cm2 1 MeV Si+ implant, resulting in the amorphization of SiGe, while leaving the encapsulated Si crystalline for larger, 65-nm wide NWs and QDs. Interestingly, the 26-nm diameter Si QDs amorphize, while the 28-nm wide NWs remain crystalline during the same high energy ion implant. This result suggests that the Si/SiGe pillars have a lower threshold for Si-induced amorphization compared to their Si/SiGe fin counterparts. However, Monte Carlo simulations of ion implantation into the Si/SiGe nanostructures reveal similar predicted levels of displacements per cm3. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the total stress magnitude in Si QDs encapsulated in crystalline SiGe is higher than the total stress magnitude in Si NWs, which may lead to greater crystalline instability in the QDs during ion implant. The potential lower amorphization threshold of QDs compared to NWs is of special importance to applications that require robust QD devices in a variety of radiation environments.
Metal-assisted chemically etched silicon nanopillars hosting telecom photon emitters
Authors: Hollenbach Michael , Jagtap Nagesh S. , Fowley Ciarán , Baratech Juan , Guardia-Arce Verónica , Kentsch Ulrich , Eichler-Volf Anna , Abrosimov Nikolay V. , Erbe Artur , Shin ChaeHo , Kim Hakseong , Helm Manfred , Lee Woo , Astakhov Georgy V. , Berencén Yonder
Published: July 2022

Silicon, a ubiquitous material in modern computing, is an emerging platform for realizing a source of indistinguishable single photons on demand. The integration of recently discovered single-photon emitters in silicon into photonic structures is advantageous to exploit their full potential for integrated photonic quantum technologies. Here, we show the integration of an ensemble of telecom photon emitters in a two-dimensional array of silicon nanopillars. We developed a top-down nanofabrication method, enabling the production of thousands of nanopillars per square millimeter with state-of-the-art photonic-circuit pitch, all the while being free of fabrication-related radiation damage defects. We found a waveguiding effect of the 1278 nm-G center emission along individual pillars accompanied by improved brightness compared to that of bulk silicon. These results unlock clear pathways to monolithically integrating single-photon emitters into a photonic platform at a scale that matches the required pitch of quantum photonic circuits.
Multi-sensor signals with parallel attention convolutional neural network for bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Xing Zhikai , Liu Yongbao , Wang Qiang , Li Jun
Published: July 2022

Rolling bearing fault signals are non-smooth, non-linear, and susceptible to background noise interference. A feature layer fusion model combining multi-sensor signals and parallel attention convolutional neural networks is proposed and applied to the fault diagnosis work of rolling bearings. First, a multi-channel parallel convolutional neural network model is constructed according to the number of sensors, and the multi-sensor signals are fed to each parallel channel separately. Second, due to the different strengths of shock features within each channel and signal, the attention mechanism is introduced into each parallel channel, the fault features with strong shock characteristics are extracted, and the feature extraction capability for different sensor signals is improved. Finally, the extracted feature information is fused in the concatenate layer, the fused features are input to the fully connected layer, and the diagnosis results are output through the Softmax layer. The experimental results show that the model can effectively fuse multi-sensor signal features, and its recognition accuracy is greatly improved over that of the single sensor, providing a feasible method for bearing fault diagnosis.
Analysis of working characteristics of giant magnetostrictive actuator for direct-drive fuel injector
Authors: Zhou Zhaoqi , He Zhongbo , Xue Guangming , Zhou Jingtao , Rong Ce , Liu Guoping
Published: July 2022

Based on the structure of direct-drive injectors, the giant magnetostrictive actuator (GMA) for direct-drive injectors designed with giant magnetostrictive materials (GMMs) shows great application prospects in the field of fuel injection. This paper establishes the mathematical model of GMA for direct-drive fuel injector. The numerical model of the GMA is built by means of the Advanced Modeling Environment for performing Simulation of engineering systems (AMEsim) simulation platform combined with the working process of the actuator. A prototype was fabricated, and the correctness of the numerical model was verified by experiments. Through AMEsim, the magnetic potential distribution law, unit step response, and frequency characteristics were analyzed, it is found that the relationship between the magnetic potential and the current on the GMM is approximately linear, and the ratio of the magnetic potential to the total magnetic potential of the magnetic circuit is about 0.9; the unit step response shows that the actuator has a fast response speed, the rise time is about 240 µs, and when the output displacement enters the 5% and 2% error bands, the adjustment time is 540 and 810 µs, respectively; by inputting the sweep signal, it is obtained that the natural frequency of the actuator is about 700 Hz, and the output amplitude is relatively “smooth” with a bandwidth of 0–250 Hz. This research enriches the research methods of GMAs and provides a novel idea for the development of high-performance fuel injectors.
Effects of interface diffusion and shock strength on shock-accelerated SF6 cylinder
Authors: Li Dongdong , Guan Ben , Wang Ge
Published: July 2022

The effects of interface diffusion and incident shock strength on the evolution of a shock-accelerated SF6 cylinder are numerically instigated. These two effects are manifested by measuring two essential issues that determine the material mixing of a shock–cylinder interaction (SCI), namely, the variations of the cylinder area and the material line length. Three interface types (with one sharp interface and two diffuse interfaces) and five incident shock strengths (Mach number ranges from 1.21 to 2.00) are examined. The numerical results provided in the present study show that both these effects play important roles in deforming the SF6 cylinders and the corresponding cylinder area and material line stretching. The cylinder area variation histories of the present results prove that the one-dimensional theoretical prediction of Giordano and Burtschell [“Richtmyer–Meshkov instability induced by shock–bubble interaction: Numerical and analytical studies with experimental validation,” Phys. Fluids 18, 036102 (2006)] applies not only to those sharp interface cylinders but also to these diffuse interface cylinders. The material line stretching histories prove that the exponential law of Yang et al. [“Applications of shock-induced mixing to supersonic combustion,” AIAA J. 31, 854 (1993)] applies well for diffuse interfaces but not for sharp interfaces. It is found that the exponential growth of the material line for the diffuse cylinders is dominated by the mass transport, and that the secondary instabilities only play their role in the primary vortex region. Finally, a predictive law of the development of material line length on the basis of circulation prediction theory is built. It is interesting that the use of the original circulation prediction model can be extended in such a way.
Mason–Weaver theory: Revised and extended for a semi-infinite domain
Authors: Chen Ziqiu , Peters Baron
Published: July 2022

Mason and Weaver developed equations to describe small particles settling under the influence of gravity and Brownian motion, including the limiting case for an infinitely deep suspension. We encountered this common convection–diffusion equation and no-flux boundary conditions in a model for dynamics of adsorbed polymers in dead end pores of a depolymerization catalyst. Close examination reveals that the Mason–Weaver solution is not correct for the infinite domain with a non-uniform initial condition. In this paper, we obtain the time dependent Green’s function for the no flux boundary condition and also for a more general reactive boundary condition. We demonstrate how the results provide solutions, via superposition, which provide solutions for several boundary conditions and all initial conditions.
Zero Poynting vector E∥H Beltrami field cylindrical cavity resonators
Authors: Mochizuki Ryo , Shinohara Naoki , Sanada Atsushi
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we present novel cylindrical cavity resonators accommodating spatially and temporally zero Poynting vector Beltrami standing waves with the parallel electric and magnetic fields (E∥H). We introduce the special boundary conditions, i.e., longitudinal electromagnetic conductor (LEMC) on which zero longitudinal electromagnetic components are enforced and circumferential electromagnetic conductor (CEMC) on which zero circumference electromagnetic components are enforced in an axisymmetric waveguide system, and show that the zero Poynting vector E∥H Beltrami standing wave is generated as a superposition of dual degenerated axisymmetric TM and TE standing waves in a cylindrical resonator using the LEMC and CEMC boundary conditions. We present physical implementation methods of the LEMC and CEMC boundary conditions composed of the circumferentially arranged corrugations and the concentrically aligned cylindrical thin fins, respectively. In addition, we numerically demonstrate the Beltrami standing field generation and reveal its peculiar electromagnetic properties: the spatially and temporally E∥H with zero Poynting vector distribution, identical electric and magnetic energy density distributions, and zero local reactive energy flow.
Feeding extruded linseed or soybean and hay free-choice to Rubia Gallega young heifers does not substantially alter health-enhancing fatty acids in meat
Authors: González Laura , Moreno Teresa , Bispo Esperanza , Dugan Michael E. R.
Published: July 2022

Context A common strategy to try and improve the fatty acid (FA) composition of meat and fat from cattle has been to feed protected oil or oilseeds. Aims Concentrate containing 4.5% fat from vegetable oil, extruded linseed or extruded soybean were fed free-choice with hay to Rubia Gallega heifers to examine the effects on meat (Longissimus thoracis (LT)) and subcutaneous fat (SCF) FAcompositions, and effects on meat and carcass quality. A secondary aim was to assess treatment effects on levels of specific desirable FAs in meat and fat. Methods Twenty-four 7-month-old Rubia Gallega heifers were assigned to three experimental diets: control concentrate (with palm oil) or concentrates containing either extruded linseed (LS) or extruded soybeans. Concentrates and hay were fed for 90 days before slaughter at an average age and weight of 300 days and 350 kg, respectively. Key results Minor treatment effects on animal performance, carcass traits and meat quality were noted. Relative to the control concentrate diet, feeding the linseed diet led to a slight increase in α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) in SCF (P < 0.001), no change in 18:3n-3 in LT, reduced n-6/n-3 ratios in both LT and SCF (LT, P < 0.01; SCF, P < 0.001), and avoided ∑(t6- to t10-)18:1 accumulation in either tissue (LT, P = 0.017; SCF, P < 0.05). Conclusions Although FA improvements when feeding linseed could be viewed as positive for human health, quantitatively, feeding extruded oilseeds and hay free-choice were ineffective at creating rumen conditions needed to substantially enrich n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFA) or desirable biohydrogenation intermediates in LT. Implications To produce high-quality Rubia Gallega meat with meaningful and consistent enrichments of polyunsaturated FAs and beneficial biohydrogenation products will require more efficient methods for ruminal protection of PUFA, and further investigations into the timing and amounts of PUFA-enriched concentrate feeding.
Effect of pre- and post-weaning supplementation on performance, nutritional, and metabolic characteristics in Nellore heifers under grazing
Authors: de Paula Camila , Rennó Luciana Navajas , Ferreira Matheus Fellipe de Lana , Silva Ághata Elins Moreira da , Moreira Samira Silveira , Assis Gutierrez José de Freitas , Detmann Edenio , Valadares Filho Sebastião de Campos , Fonseca Paulino Mário , Santos Giancarlo Magalhães dos
Published: July 2022

Context Supplementation during the pre- and post-weaning periods is essential to improve the development of beef heifers in tropical pastures. Especially during the dry period, performance of heifers is limited due to low forage yield and poor nutritional value. Aim Evaluate the effect of supplementation during pre- and post-weaning periods on performance, nutritional, and metabolic characteristics in Nellore heifers under grazing. Methods Fifty-four Nellore heifers were randomly divided between the following four supplementation plans, with two replicates: NN, not supplemented in the pre- and post-weaning dry period; NS, not supplemented in the pre-weaning period and supplemented in the post-weaning dry period; SN, supplemented in the pre-weaning period and not supplemented in the post-weaning dry period; and SS, supplemented in the pre- and post-weaning dry periods; with 14, 13, 13 and 14 calves in each treatment respectively. In the post-weaning dry-to-rainy transition period, all heifers were supplemented. Key results Supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the intake of dry matter and crude protein on Day 56 (pre-weaning phase) and Day 168 (post-weaning dry period). Heifers supplemented during the pre-weaning phase had a higher final body weight (fBW) and average daily gain (ADG) on Day 112 (P < 0.05). Heifers NS and SS had higher fBW and ADG on Day 224 (P < 0.05). On Day 280, fBW were higher (P < 0.05) for heifers NS and SS. Insulin-like growth factor 1 was higher for heifers supplemented in the pre-weaning period on Day 112, and higher for NS and SS heifers on Day 224 (P < 0.05). Albumin concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) for heifers NS and SS on Day 280. Supplementation had no effect on either corpus luteum presence or concentration of progesterone (P > 0.05). Conclusions Supplementation during either pre- or post-weaning phases improved multiple performance, nutritional, and metabolic characteristics. The results due to supplementation post-weaning were independent of supplementation pre-weaning. However, supplementation did not result in an improved response to the puberty induction protocol used in this experiment. Implications For replacement heifers, it is important to maintain high weight gains at all stages of growth.
New red-emitting phosphor of Eu3+-doped Ba2Gd0.67W1−xMoxO6 for solid state lighting
Authors: Jiang Yitong , Liu Wenhao , Liu Jie , Yu Xibin
Published: July 2022

In recent years, white light emitting diodes (LEDs) as a typical green lighting source have attracted great attention. A promising red phosphor for LEDs, (Ba0.8Eu0.1Li0.1)2Gd0.67W1 − x Mo x O6 solid solution, was synthesized by a high-temperature solid-state reaction. The excitation spectra of phosphors can be broadened by substituting Mo for W, which has good absorption in the near ultraviolet region. We measured the X-ray diffraction, absorption spectra, excitation spectra and emission spectra of these solid solutions, and analyzed their crystal structures. This series of phosphors present a relatively effective excitation band in the near-UV region (370–425 nm) from the charge transfer state of MoO6 and orange-red luminescence at 596 nm from the 5D0 → 7F1 transition. With increasing molybdate content, the luminescence intensity of (Ba0.8Eu0.1Li0.1)2Gd0.67W1−x Mo x O6 (x = 0.15–0.6), increases first and then decreases, and reaches a maximum at x = 0.4. The red phosphor excited by near ultraviolet light provides a reference value for white LEDs.
Reproductive biology research down under: highlights from the Australian and New Zealand Annual Meeting of the Society for Reproductive Biology, 2021
Authors: Dunleavy Jessica E. M. , Dinh Doan Thao , Filby Caitlin E. , Green Ella , Hofstee Pierre , Pini Taylor , Rivers Nicola , Skerrett-Byrne David A. , Wijayarathna Rukmali , Winstanley Yasmyn E. , Zhou Wei , Richani Dulama
Published: July 2022

Against the backdrop of a global pandemic, the Society for Reproductive Biology (SRB) 2021 meeting reunited the Australian and New Zealand reproductive research community for the first time since 2019 and was the first virtual SRB meeting. Despite the recent global research disruptions, the conference revealed significant advancements in reproductive research, the importance of which span human health, agriculture, and conservation. A core theme was novel technologies, including the use of medical microrobots for therapeutic and sperm delivery, diagnostic hyperspectral imaging, and hydrogel condoms with potential beyond contraception. The importance of challenging the contraceptive status quo was further highlighted with innovations in gene therapies, non-hormonal female contraceptives, epigenetic semen analysis, and in applying evolutionary theory to suppress pest population reproduction. How best to support pregnancies, particularly in the context of global trends of increasing maternal age, was also discussed, with several promising therapies for improved outcomes in assisted reproductive technology, pre-eclampsia, and pre-term birth prevention. The unique insights gained via non-model species was another key focus and presented research emphasised the importance of studying diverse systems to understand fundamental aspects of reproductive biology and evolution. Finally, the meeting highlighted how to effectively translate reproductive research into policy and industry practice.
Structural basis and molecular mechanism of biased GPBAR signaling in regulating NSCLC cell growth via YAP activity
Authors: Ma Lijuan , Yang Fan , Wu Xiang , Mao Chunyou , Guo Lulu , Miao Tianshu , Zang Shao-Kun , Jiang Xiaoyu , Shen Dan-Dan , Wei Tianhui , Zhou Hengxing , Wei Qin , Li Shiyang , Shu Qiang , Feng Shiqing , Jiang Changtao , Chu Bo , Du Lutao , Sun Jin-Peng , Yu Xiao , Zhang Yan , Zhang Pengju
Published: July 2022

The G protein–coupled bile acid receptor (GPBAR) is the membrane receptor for bile acids and a driving force of the liver–bile acid–microbiota–organ axis to regulate metabolism and other pathophysiological processes. Although GPBAR is an important therapeutic target for a spectrum of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, its activation has also been found to be linked to carcinogenesis, leading to potential side effects. Here, via functional screening, we found that two specific GPBAR agonists, R399 and INT-777, demonstrated strikingly different regulatory effects on the growth and apoptosis of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells both in vitro and in vivo. Further mechanistic investigation showed that R399-induced GPBAR activation displayed an obvious bias for β-arrestin 1 signaling, thus promoting YAP signaling activation to stimulate cell proliferation. Conversely, INT-777 preferentially activated GPBAR-Gs signaling, thus inactivating YAP to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. Phosphorylation of GPBAR by GRK2 at S310/S321/S323/S324 sites contributed to R399-induced GPBAR–β-arrestin 1 association. The cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the R399-bound GPBAR-Gs complex enabled us to identify key interaction residues and pivotal conformational changes in GPBAR responsible for the arrestin signaling bias and cancer cell proliferation. In summary, we demonstrate that different agonists can regulate distinct functions of cell growth and apoptosis through biased GPBAR signaling and control of YAP activity in a NSCLC cell model. The delineated mechanism and structural basis may facilitate the rational design of GPBAR-targeting drugs with both metabolic and anticancer benefits.