bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of the Maslach Burnout Inventory in public healthcare professionals: a scoping review protocol (Preprint)
Authors: Soares Juliana , Lopes Rayssa Horacio , Mendonça Paula Beatriz de Souza , Silva Cícera Renata Diniz Vieira , Rodrigues Cláudia Cristiane Filgueira Martins , Castro Janete Lima de
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

Burnout syndrome is a chronic response to interpersonal stressors in the workplace. It is characterized by emotional exhaustion and physical and mental burnout and may lead to high employee turnover, work abstention, and increased occupational accidents. Most studies use the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to identify burnout and implement preventive actions and treatments.

OBJECTIVE

This study presents a scoping review protocol, developed following the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual, to map studies using MBI and identify burnout syndrome in healthcare professionals working in public health services.

METHODS

We will conduct searches on Embase, Lilacs, Pub-Med/MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Web of Science databases, and grey literature. Inclusion criteria will comprise qualitative and quantitative studies using MBI to identify burnout syndrome in healthcare professionals working in public health services; studies published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish; and no publication date restriction. Data will be extracted using a spreadsheet adapted from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Quantitative and qualitative data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, respectively.

RESULTS

The first results of this review may be sent for publication in January 2023. They may also be useful to public health professionals, managers, policymakers, and the general population since they will help understand the validated, translated, and adapted versions of the MBI and domains, number of items, Likert scales, and cut-off points most used in the literature. Furthermore, possible research gaps may be identified to guide future studies.

CONCLUSIONS

May standardize the assessment of burnout syndrome in healthcare professionals working in public health services and contribute to the discussion and knowledge dissemination about burnout syndrome and mental health in this population.
Inteligencia financiera contra el lavado de dinero
Authors: Flores Pérez Carlos Antonio
Published: September 2022

Este artículo expone características generales del lavado de dinero como actividad ilícita que evita la identificación del origen ilegal de los recursos obtenidos, la pérdida de su rastro y su integración final en la economía legal; asimismo, la evolución del régimen en su contra en el mundo y en México, con énfasis en la inteligencia financiera, que ofrece opciones para enfrentar la crisis de seguridad e impunidad que afecta al país. Muestra la manera en que ésta se realiza, sus sinergias con otras instituciones de aplicación de la ley y las potencialidades que reviste para el desmantelamiento de redes criminales.
Andares peligrosos
Authors: López-Hernández Olga Nacori , Hernández-Hernández Oscar Misael
Published: September 2022

Nuestro propósito en este trabajo es reexplorar la violencia criminal en dos ciudades de la frontera norte de México, específicamente en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, y Matamoros, Tamaulipas. Partimos de un enfoque relacional y una dimensión fenomenológica de la violencia criminal,  efiniéndola como un campo de poder procesual, multicausal y multidireccional, pero también como un campo de poder vivido y significado por quienes la ejercen y quienes la padecen en la vida cotidiana. Metodológicamente utilizamos la autoetnografía como una herramienta útil para comprender el contexto social y subjetivo de la violencia criminal que nosotros vivimos en ciudades de esta región fronteriza.
México: bienestar subjetivo y movilidad social
Authors: Millán Henio
Published: September 2022

El objetivo es examinar la influencia de la movilidad social sobre el bienestar subjetivo. La metodología consiste en un grupo de modelos de regresión aplicados a varios escenarios. Los principales  resultados son: a) en un contexto de pobreza, la gente está satisfecha con su vida si, al menos, conserva la situación económico-social de sus padres; el escalamiento social no forma parte de su función de bienestar; b) un perfil moderno con alta satisfacción con los logros, el nivel de vida y las  expectativas de futuro, anula cualquier influencia de la movilidad sobre el bienestar subjetivo.
Recreating Exile: Multimedia as Effecting Reader Destabilization in Theresa Hak Kyung Cha’s DICTEE
Authors: Kim Louise Suyeon
Published: September 2022

Korean-American writer, filmmaker, and performance artist Theresa Hak Kyung Cha’s DICTEE, first published in 1982, is an avant-garde, multimedia work. Its key themes are exile and dislocation, primarily that of the Korean diaspora as its members navigate (post)colonial violence and trauma. This paper explores Cha’s usage of diverse and unconventional mediums — namely, uncaptioned images, fragmented prose, and letters, and how they contribute to the work’s exile effect. DICTEE, through its intentional lack of context, simulates an exile from familiarity. The symbolic erasure forces the reader to experience and understand the discomfort of those who are exiled from their homeland. The reader is faced with a choice: one can give up on trying to understand the text due to their discomfort with foreign language and references, or one can grapple with the exile effect and emerge from DICTEE having a greater understanding of the painful feeling of exile and capacity to empathize with those who experience it physically in their lives. Though Cha’s approach may perhaps be viewed as counterintuitive to the purpose of writing as dissemination of ideas to the mainstream, she is more interested in the maximum potential of a textual work to impact the reader. Readers who explore their discomfort rather than turn from it embrace the position of the exiled and shed light on what Cha obscures and evokes.
Disquisición en torno a la extinción del derecho del arrendador
Authors: Viada Lozano Alberto
Published: September 2022

Ocurre, con más frecuencia que la deseada, que algunos comerciantes se ven obligados a restituir el local en que funciona su establecimiento de comercio, pues el arrendador propietario lo vende a un tercero y éste reclama judicialmente dicho inmueble alegando la extinción del derecho del arrendador. Ello porque, según el texto expreso del artículo 1950 del Código Civil, "el arrendamiento de cosas expira de los mismos modos que los otros contratos, y especialmente:... 3° Por la extinción del derecho del arrendador, según las reglas que más adelante se expresarán".
Theoretical Study of Solar Dryer with Different Shapes of Absorber Plate
Authors: N Durairaj. , A. K. Karthikeyan , M. S Praveen , B Karthi , S Dhivakaran
Published: September 2022

Abstract: This paper presents a theoretical to implemented different shapes of two types of absorber plate (twisted shaped, uniformly increase v-shaped) in solar flat plate collector. Using different shapes noted and tested, which one get more drying efficiency, thermal efficiency with the help of theoretical using formulation and compared to the analytical results. Lets also discussed advantages of the shape of absorber plate.
A monogamy-of-entanglement game for subspace coset states
Authors: Culf Eric , Vidick Thomas
Published: September 2022

We establish a strong monogamy-of-entanglement property for subspace coset states, which are uniform superpositions of vectors in a linear subspace of F2n to which has been applied a quantum one-time pad. This property was conjectured recently by [Coladangelo, Liu, Liu, and Zhandry, Crypto'21] and shown to have applications to unclonable decryption and copy-protection of pseudorandom functions. We present two proofs, one which directly follows the method of the original paper and the other which uses an observation from [Vidick and Zhang, Eurocrypt'20] to reduce the analysis to a simpler monogamy game based on BB'84 states. Both proofs ultimately rely on the same proof technique, introduced in [Tomamichel, Fehr, Kaniewski and Wehner, New Journal of Physics '13].
The History of the Bulgarian Prince Ferdinand of Coburg’s Visits to Russia at the Late 19th Century in the Right Official Press
Authors: Demyanenko Nikolay N.
Published: September 2022

This article, for the first time in domestic and foreign historiography, examines the coverage by the domestic press of the visits of the Bulgarian prince Ferdinand of Coburg to Russia at the end of the 19th century. After the death of Alexander III, Bulgaria began to take steps in order to restore relations with Russia. Personal diplomacy was of great importance in such situations. After the baptism of Prince Boris into the Orthodox faith, the first visit to St. Petersburg of the Bulgarian prince Ferdinand I took place. The main feature of the coverage of this visit in the press was that many publications had to rebuild their attitude towards yesterday's "false prince" and cover the arrival of Ferdinand of Coburg in the pages of their publications, taking into account the changed political realities. The first visit was followed by an invitation to the coronation of Nicholas II in Moscow in May 1896. The arrival in Russia in July 1898 of the Bulgarian prince with his wife Maria Luisa and the heir to the Bulgarian throne, the godson of Nicholas II, Prince Boris, became the apotheosis of these visits. Therefore, by the end of the 19th century, it seemed that an idyll had begun in Russian-Bulgarian relations. The article examines the very course of the visits, the main participants, as well to the Bulgarian prince (in particular on the basis of the diary entries of Nicholas II).
Baptism of Adepts of Judaism in the Turkestan Krai in the Second Half of the 19th - Early 20th Century: Scope and Motivation
Authors: Litvinenko Pavel V.
Published: September 2022

The author considers the study of the issue of the Jewish population conversion to Christianity in the Turkestan Krai. The article reveals the religious situation in tsarist Russia related to the problems of Jews’ conversion, provides reliable facts of the conversion with regard to the most important Islamic outskirts of the empire - Turkestan, where the overwhelming majority of the population belonged to Islam - over 95%. The author examines the reasons for the conversion of regional Jews to Christianity and the real consequences of this process. The peculiarity of Turkestan made a significant impact on the spiritual life of Jews, on the nature and motives for the adoption of Christianity. In the Central Asian region, Jews were not a homogeneous group; they often had different features of culture and traditions. There were several Jewish communities there: the so-called “European” Jews (who arrived from Russia) led by their own chief rabbi; besides, in Central Asia there lived “native” Jews who got the status of Russian citizens and had their own rabbi. In this regard, it seems interesting to trace the conditions of the conversion of these different groups of Jews to Christianity, their motives and the attitude of official authorities towards them. It is important to note that the Jews of the Turkestan Krai converted not only to Orthodoxy, but also Catholicism, Lutheranism, Armenian-Gregorianism, and other faiths. However, the tsarist authorities believed that the conversion of Jews to non-Orthodox confessions was not enough to free them from the imposed legislative restrictions. In general, the example of the situation in Turkestan allows us to see that the features of the adoption of Christianity and the change in the legal status of Jews often depended on the region in which they were baptized. In addition, it was the factor of belonging to a certain Jewish community that played an important role.
Assigning Numbers in Nazi Concentration Camps as a Factor of Dehumanization: As Remembered by Soviet Rrisoners
Authors: Iakemenko Boris G.
Published: September 2022

The author considers the semantic and semiotic meaning of assigning numbers to prisoners of the concentration camps of Nazi Germany. These concentration camps were formally designed to exterminate the enemies of the state, but in fact, in addition, they defined the limits of the possibilities of turning a person into a part of the total state. Assigning a number to a prisoner in a camp was the key factor in annihilating a person, transforming him into a sign, depriving a person of the most important anthropological properties, which ultimately facilitated the elimination of a prisoner. As a result of assigning a number to a prisoner, while staying in a camp, it became increasingly difficult for a prisoner to remember his own name; his inner essence "merged" with the number; his real name was forgotten. The reduction of a person to a number entrenched the deprivation of a prisoner of human status; it became the highest degree of degradation; it turned a prisoner from a person into a typical specimen with the sign of a person whose number correlated and entrenched the symbolic authenticity of the object into which a prisoner was turned. The assignment of a number took all the actions of the SS men regarding prisoners beyond any moral and ethical assessments. A person without a name, deprived of realizing his personal uniqueness and image - the necessary conditions for self-perception as a thinking, living being, merged with similar people; he was doomed to silence; he was turned into an object of influence.
Hubungan Motivasi Belajar Dengan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Biologi Kelas IX MTS Alkhairaat Palapi
Authors: Safrianti Nur Fahmi , Alibasyah Lestari MP , Lilies Lilies , Jamhari Mohammad
Published: September 2022

Motivasi adalah salah satu hal yang berpengaruh pada aktivitas pembelajaran siswa. Tanpa motivasi, proses pembelajaran akan sulit mencapai hasil yang optimal. MTs Alkhairaat Palapi merupakan salah satu Madrasah Tsanawiyah yang berada di Jalan Trans Sulawesi Desa Palapi, Kecamatan Taopa, Kabupaten Parigi Moutong dengan jumlah ruang kelas 7 dan pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan pada bulan November 2020. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan bagaimana hubungan motivasi belajar dengan prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA Biologi kelas IX MTs Alkhairaat Palapi. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian deskriptif. Tehnik pengambilan sampel dengan cara purposive sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan teknik presentase, sedangkan untuk menguji hipotesis menggunakan rumus korelasi Product moment. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX yang berjumlah 50 orang siswa. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan angket, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 50 siswa kelas IX MTs Alkhairaat Palapi ada 49 orang siswa atau 98% yang memiliki motivasi belajar tinggi dan 1 orang siswa atau 2% yang memiliki motivasi sedang. Berdasarkan analisis inferensial, diperoleh rhitung yaitu 0,167 jika nilai rhitung ini di konsultasikan ke rtabel dengan jumlah sampel penelitian 50 dan taraf kepercayaan 5%, maka diperoleh nilai rtabel yaitu 0,279. Sehingga rhitung < rtabel atau 0,167 < 0,279 berdasarkan kelaziman data penelitian kuantitatif, jika rhitung < rtabel maka Ho diterima dan Ha ditolak. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ha yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini ditolak, dan Ho diterima atau dapat dikatakan bahwa tidak ada hubungan motivasi belajar dengan prestasi belajar siswa MTs Alkhairaat Palapi.
Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Kandang Ayam terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kangkung Darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) dan Pemanfaatannya sebagai Media Pembelajaran
Authors: Nadila Andi , Shamdas Gamar B.N. , Alibasyah Lestari MP , Masrianih Masrianih
Published: September 2022

Kotoran ayam merupakan limbah buangan yang dapat digunakan untuk memperbaiki sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologi tanah. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk menentukan pengaruh dosis pupuk kandang ayam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kangkung darat, memperoleh dosis pupuk kandang ayam optimal untuk pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kangkung darat, dan menghasilkan media pembelajaran berupa modul pembelajaran flipbook. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen rancangan acak lengkah (RAL). Dalam penelitian ini ada 5 perlakuan pupuk kandang ayam P0 (tanpa pupuk), P1 (480 g), P2 (640 g), P3 (800 g) dan P+ (NPK 3,6 g kontrol Positif) dengan 3 kali ulangan. Variabel yang diamati yaitu tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, luas daun dan berat basah yang diukur pada10 HST, 20 HST, dan 30 HST. Analisis data menggunakan analisis varian (ANOVA) dengan program SPSS versi 25. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikansi ≥ 0,05 pada taraf 5% pada semua waktu pengamatan dan pada semua parameter pertumbuhan dan hasil yang diamati. Hasil yang diperoleh dapat menjawab hipotesis bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh dari pemberian pupuk kandang ayam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kangkung darat. Implementasi kajian penelitian ini dalam bentuk modul pembelajaran elektronik flipbook dengan kriteria sangat layak dijadikan sebagai media pembelajaran.
EFEK LAMA FERMENTASI TEMPE KEDELAI (Glycine max L.) RUMPUT LAUT TERHADAP KANDUNGAN PROTEIN DAN PEMANFAATANNYA SEBAGAI BAHAN AJAR
Authors: Annisa Annisa , Laenggeng Abd Hakim , Alibasyah Lestari MP , Lilies Lilies
Published: September 2022

Tempe kedelai rumput laut merupakan olahan produk yang berbahan dasar kedelai dan rumput laut yang difermentasi menggunakan Rhizopus oligoporus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan protein terbaik pada tempe kedelai rumput laut berdasarkan waktu fermentasi dengan konsentrasi dan menjadikan hasil penelitian sebagai media pembelajaran. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu eksperimen laboratorium, dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu konsentrasi kedelai dengan rumput laut dan lama waktu fermentasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan anava kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji duncan. Uji kandungan protein menggunakan metode spektrofotometri. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan rata-rata kandungan protein yaitu pada sampel bahan 100g. Lama fermentasi 34 jam diperoleh nilai rata-rata yaitu 100%= 13,313%, 80:20= 11,386%, 70:30= 10,592%, 60:40= 9,554%. Lama fermentasi 44 jam 100%= 15,598%, 80:20= 14,648%, 70:30= 13,267% 60:40= 12,093%. Lama fermentasi 54 jam 100%= 21,440%, 80:20= 18,751%, 70:30= 16,634%, 60:40 = 15,564%. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan kandungan protein terbaik yaitu pada fermentasi 54 jam konsentrasi 80:20 dan kandungan protein yang terendah pada fermentasi 34 jam dengan konsentrasi 60:40. Selanjutnya berdasarkan uji validasi yang diujikan olehh tim ahli isi, ahli desain, ahli media dan 20 mahasiswa, hasil penelitian ini layak digunakan sebagai bahan ajar dalam bentuk modul praktikum dengan persentase kelayakan 80,8%.
Analisis Kinerja Ruas Jalan Terhadap Pusat Kuliner Kalimadu Kota Gorontalo
Authors: Masuara E.P. , Kadir Y. , Patuti I.M.
Published: September 2022

The development of traffic activities in the Kalimadu culinary center area is expected to attract vehicle movement in the area, causing generation and attraction. The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of the road segment during the existing condition, during the operational period and in the post-operational period for the next 5 years. This research is located on Jalan Madura, Jalan Kalimantan, Jalan Irian, and Jalan Palu, Gorontalo City, which was carried out for three days of observation, namely Saturday, October 16 2021; Monday, October 18 2021; Thursday, October 21 2021 for 14 hours. starting at 06.00-20.00 WITA with time intervals of 15 minutes. Primary data is geometric data of roads, traffic volume, while secondary data is DED of Kalimadu culinary center and data on population of Gorontalo City. Road performance was analyzed using MKJI (1997). Based on the analysis of the performance of the road in the existing condition, the value of DS< 0.75 is obtained which indicates that the road segment can accommodate passing vehicles well where the ITP value is obtained "A", while during the operational period it causes trip generation and attraction due to activities from the central area. Kalimadu culinary delights which have an impact on the four roads, the results of the total towing trips are 189 vehicles/hour with ITP “A” on Jalan Palu and Jalan Irian, on Jalan Madura and Jalan Kalimantan, ITP “B” is obtained. In the post-operational period the results Analysis of the performance of Jalan Madura and Jalan Kalimantan there is an increase in traffic volume which affects the DS, where ITP is obtained "C".
Kinerja Persimpangan Jalan Emmy Saelan – Jalan Maluku, Jalan Wolter Monginsidi – Jalan Tj. Karang dan Jalan Emmy Saelan – Jalan Tj. Manimbaya
Authors: Ismadarni I. , Sutrisno M. , Lestari S.P. , Rochmad R.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the performance of intersections and provide solutions to problems that occur at the intersection of Emmy Saelan – Maluku street, and Wolter Monginsidi street – Tj. Karang street and Emmy Saelan street – Tj. Manimbaya street. The analysis included road performance, existing conditions and predictions over the next 5 years by calculating the average crossing delay based on the Indonesian Road Capacity Manual (MKJI)1997. From the results of research on the existing conditions DS = 1.24 crossing delay of Emmy Saelan street – Maluku street 55,89 det/smp that is in LOS E, intrection of Wolter Monginsidi – Tj. Karang street value of DS = 1.09 and corssing delay = 24.32 det/smp that is in LOS C and intersection of Emmy Saelan street – Tj. Manimbaya value of DS = 1.06 and crossing delay = 22.60 det/smp that is in LOS C. So it requires handling of the problem of intersections in the future, the first solution is to make the road median from intrection service levelof W. Monginsidi street – Tj. Karang street up to intrection of Emmy Saelan street – Anoa II street, with a median opening at the point before the bridge. Value of DS = 0.57 dan crossing delay of Emmy Saelan street – Maluku street = 10,16 det/smp that is in LOS B, intrection of Wolter Monginsidi street – Tj. Karang street value of DS = 0.76 dan crossing delay = 12.29 det/smp that is in LOS B and intrection of Emmy Saelan – Tj. Manimbaya street value of DS = 0.41 and crossing delay = 8.12 det/smp that is in LOS B.
Rynek wieprzowiny w ujęciu globalnym i krajowym
Authors: Pasińska Dorota
Published: September 2022

W artykule podjęto próbę wskazania najważniejszych zmian na krajowym i światowym rynku wieprzowiny i trzody chlewnej po wstąpieniu Polski do UE. Ponad 80% światowej produkcji wieprzowiny dostarczają Chiny, UE i Stany Zjednoczone. W 2013 r. Polska była 4-tym producentem wieprzowiny w UE. Pomimo relatywnie dużej polskiej produkcji trzody chlewnej, sektor ten nie jest konkurencyjny. Wejście Polski do UE przyczyniło się do zdynamizowania obrotów handlowych wieprzowiną. W badanym okresie z eksportera netto Polska stała się importerem netto produktów wieprzowych.
Klasyfikacja krajów Unii Europejskiej pod względem podobieństwa struktury agrarnej
Authors: Bożek Jadwiga
Published: September 2022

Struktura agrarna krajów Unii Europejskiej jest bardzo silnie zróżnicowana. W oparciu o klasyfikację rozmytą, na podstawie danych Eurostatu odnoszących się do roku 2013, przeprowadzono grupowanie krajów podobnych pod względem udziałów liczby gospodarstw z następujących grup obszarowych: do 5 ha, 5-20 ha, 20-50 ha, 50 i więcej ha w ogólnej liczbie gospodarstw w danym kraju. Wyodrębniono 4 grupy krajów o wysokim zróżnicowaniu międzygrupowym. Przeprowadzono również klasyfikację krajów UE pod względem odsetka powierzchni użytków rolnych będących w użytkowaniu gospodarstw z poszczególnych grup obszarowych. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych grupowań zostały określone typy struktury agrarnej w krajach UE.
Ocena korzystania z usług w gospodarstwach rolnych krajów Unii Europejskiej – analiza typologiczna
Authors: Kołodziejczak Małgorzata
Published: September 2022

Celem artykułu była ocena korzystania z usług w gospodarstwach rolnych w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Badanie wykonano z zastosowaniem metody analizy porównawczej, a grupy typologiczne krajów Unii Europejskiej, zbliżonych ze względu na poziom korzystania z usług przez gospodarstwa rolne, wyodrębniono metodą Warda. Na podstawie analizy wartości zmiennych opisujących stopień korzystania z usług utworzono sześć grup typologicznych (typy) państw Unii Europejskiej. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają przypuszczać, że na zakres korzystania z usług w większym stopniu niż zmienne ilościowe oddziałują zaszłości historyczne i regulacje związane z polityką UE, jednak to zagadnienie wymaga dalszych badań.
Effect of storage process on nutritive properties of preterm human milk
Authors: Lugonja Nikoleta , Marinkovic Vesna , Milicic Biljana , Avdalovic Jelena , Vrvic Miroslav , Spasic Snezana
Published: September 2022

Freeze storage and pasteurization of human milk are common treatments in milk banks. However, thermal treatment changes milk quality for preterm infants? nutrition. Therefore, this paper aimed to examine preterm human milk's nutritional profile and antioxidant potential after storage, pasteurization, and after supplementation with a fortifier. The effects of storage processes were estimated on the mature preterm milk of 30 breastfeeding women. Total proteins, lipids, and lactose were determined after thermal processing and supplementing mature preterm milk with a fortifier. The ferric-reducing antioxidant potential method and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay determined the antioxidant capacity. Protein concentration decreased after frozen storage and pasteurization (p<0.05). Pasteurization further reduced the lipid concentration after freezing. The ferric-reducing antioxidant potential decreased after thermal treatments (p<0.05). Supplementing mature milk with a fortifier increased the concentration of proteins, lipids, and lactose. Our findings demonstrated that storage and pasteurization processes affect preterm human milk's basic nutritional composition and antioxidant capacity. To ensure adequate nutrition for preterm infants with preterm human milk, supplementation, especially with high concentrations of proteins and lipids, is necessary after thermal treatments.
Labour migration in the European Union: The case of Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Schneider Ondřej
Published: September 2022

This paper examines migration trends in the European Union since the
enlargements of 2004-2007, which brought 100 million citizens of 11 Central
and Eastern European countries into the EU. We examine country- and
regional-level data on migration trends and show how European integration
depleted the labour force in the new member countries. Several of them have
lost 10% of their population since 2006, most of it via negative net
migration. In 2019, 18% of Romanians, 14% of Lithuanians, 13% of Croats, and
13% of Bulgarians lived in another EU country. The quantitative analysis
shows that migration contributed positively to regional convergence, as
every percentage point of net migration increased GDP per capita by roughly
0.01% and reduced unemployment by 0.1-0.2 percentage points. To disentangle
aggregate migration effects, further analysis will be needed to quantify its
impact on regions that lose their population via migration.
Does foreign direct investment spur economic growth? New empirical evidence from sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Odhiambo Nicholas
Published: September 2022

In this study we re-examine the relationship between foreign direct
investment (FDI) and economic growth in 27 sub-Saharan African (SSA)
countries during the period 1990-2019. Unlike some previous studies, we
clustered SSA countries into two groups, namely low-income and middle-income
countries. We also employed three panel data techniques in a stepwise
fashion, namely the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), the fully
modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), and heterogeneous Granger
non-causality approaches. Our results show that while the positive impact of
FDI on economic growth is supported by both DOLS and FMOLS techniques in
low-income countries, in middle-income countries only the DOLS technique
supports this finding. This shows that the impact of FDI may be sensitive to
the level of income of the recipient country. Overall, the results show that
FDI inflows play a larger role in stimulating economic growth in low-income
SSA countries than in middle-income SSA countries. These findings are also
corroborated by heterogeneous Granger non-causality results. However, these
findings are not surprising, given that many low-income countries tend to be
more dependent on inward FDI inflows to stimulate their economic growth than
middle- income countries. Policy recommendations are discussed.
Effect of strain energy on corrosion behavior of ultrafine grained copper prepared by severe plastic deformation
Authors: Rifai M. , Mujamilah M. , Bagherpour E. , Miyamoto H.
Published: September 2022

Effect of strain energy on corrosion behavior of ultrafine-grained (UFG) copper prepared by severe plastic deformation (SPD) was investigated in terms of microstructural evolution. The SPD processed material showed an ultrafine-grained (UFG) structure after grain refinement for several time processes, which will affect mechanical and corrosion behavior Homogeneity can be obtained efficiently through the pressing process commonly known as simple shear extrusion (SSE), which is one of the SPD techniques. Pure copper was processed by SSE for two, four, eight, and twelve passes. The structure of SSE treated sample was observed by laser microscope and transmission electron microscope as well as X-ray diffraction. The corrosion behavior by potentiodynamic polarization curve was observed in modified Livingstone solution, 1 M NaCl, and sulphuric solution. The structure of SSE processed sample showed that the first pass of the SSE processed sample displayed large deformation by developing the elongated grain and sub-grain structure. By increasing the SSE pass number, the grain shape became equiaxed due to excessive strain. The X-ray broadening related to ultrafine-grained (UFG) structure processed SSE on the copper sample, leading to smaller crystallite size, higher microstrain, and higher dislocation density. More homogeneous passive film was developed on the material with UFG structure appearance. However, the current density in 1 M NaCl was decreased by an increment of pass number due to the dissolution of copper metal. The UFG structure has more boundaries than coarse grain structure, and these phenomena show why Cu dissolve ability influences the current density. The grain boundary behaves as the cathodic site.
Measurement and Validation of the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) in a Population With Diabetes
Authors: Patel Minal R. , Zhang Guanghao , Heisler Michele , Song Peter X.K. , Piette John D. , Shi Xu , Choe Hae Mi , Smith Alyssa , Resnicow Kenneth
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE

The Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity–Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (COST-FACIT) is a validated instrument measuring financial distress among people with cancer. The reliability and construct validity of the 11-item COST-FACIT were examined in adults with diabetes and high A1C.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We examined the factor structure (exploratory factor analysis), internal consistency reliability (Cronbach α), floor/ceiling effects, known-groups validity, and predictive validity among a sample of 600 adults with diabetes and high A1C.

RESULTS

COST-FACIT demonstrated a two-factor structure with high internal consistency: general financial situation (7-items, α = 0.86) and impact of illness on financial situation (4-items, α = 0.73). The measure demonstrated a ceiling effect for 2% of participants and floor effects for 7%. Worse financial toxicity scores were observed among adults who were women, were below the poverty line, had government-sponsored health insurance, were middle-aged, were not in the workforce, and had less educational attainment (P < 0.01). Worse financial toxicity was observed for those engaging in cost coping behaviors, such as taking less or skipping medicines, delaying care, borrowing money, “maxing out” the limit on credit cards, and not paying bills (P < 0.01). In regression models for the full measure and its two factors, worse financial toxicity was correlated with higher A1C (P < 0.01), higher levels of diabetes distress (P < 0.01), more chronic conditions (P < 0.01), and more depressive symptoms (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Findings support both the reliability and validity of the COST-FACIT tool among adults with diabetes and high A1C levels. More research is needed to support the use of the COST-FACIT tool as a clinically relevant patient-centered instrument for diabetes care.
Accuracy of telephone triage for predicting adverse outcomes in suspected COVID-19: An observational cohort study linking NHS 111 telephone triage, primary and secondary healthcare and mortality records.
Authors: Marincowitz Carl , Stone Tony , Bath Peter , Campbell Richard , Turner Janette , Pilbery Richard , Thomas Benjamin , Sutton Laura , Bell Fiona , Biggs Katie , Hopfgartner Frank , Hussein Madina , Mazumdar Suvodeep , Petrie Jennifer , Goodacre Steve
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesSettings in identifying need for emergency care amongst those with suspected COVID-19 infection and identify factors which affect triage accuracy.
ApproachAn observational cohort study of adults who contacted the NHS 111 telephone triage service provided by Yorkshire Ambulance Service between March and June 2020 with symptoms indicating possible COVID-19 infection. Patient-level data encompassing  triage call, primary care, hospital care and death registration records relating to 40,261 adults were linked.
The accuracy of triage outcome (self-care/non-urgent assessment versus ambulance/urgent assessment) was assessed for death or organ support 30 days from first contact. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with risk of false negative or false positive triage.
ResultsCallers had a 3% (1,200/40,261) risk of serious adverse outcomes. Telephone triage recommended self-care or non-urgent assessment for 60% (24,335/40,261), with a 1.3% (310/24,335) risk of adverse outcomes 30 days from first contact. Telephone triage had 74.2% sensitivity (95% CI: 71.6 to 76.6%) and 61.5% specificity (61% to 62%) for the primary outcome. Analysis suggested respiratory comorbidities may be over-appreciated and diabetes under-appreciated as predictors of deterioration. Repeat contact with triage service appears to be an important under-recognised predictor of deterioration.
ConclusionPatients advised to self-care or receive non-urgent clinical assessment had a small but non-negligible risk of serious clinical deterioration. Repeat contact with telephone services needs recognition as an important predictor of subsequent adverse outcomes.
To what extent are the mental health needs of children and young people (aged 11-18) in care being supported?
Authors: Cummings Aimee
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThe objective of this research is to provide updated data regarding the prevalence of mental health disorders within the population of care-experienced young people (aged 11-18) in Wales. Furthermore, pathways to referrals to specialist mental health services will be investigated, as well as subsequent engagement with these services.
ApproachTen years of population-level routinely collected data that is available within an anonymised, information linkage databank will be used. Eight datasets will be examined; one that will provide information on the population of interest, three comparison groups, and four that contain clinical data.
Statistical analyses will be conducted to investigate the prevalence of mental health disorders among care-experienced young people. Read codes, which are used to record clinical summary information, will be used to identify poor mental health.
Free-text searches will also be conducted on all health-related datasets to improve identification of outcomes.
ResultsExpected results include revised data of the mental health needs of care-experienced young people, with prevalence in this group compared to children and young people receiving professional support in the general population. Prevalence will be looked at in relation to changes across time, as well as across demographic characteristics, including gender, age, ethnicity, local authority, placement type, and number of moves within care.
Outcomes after diagnosis of a mental health disorder will be analysed and, if an onward referral is made, the time from referral to service access will be shown, both at a national level and for local authorities. Number of referrals made at each local authority will also be shown. Lastly, young people’s engagement with mental health services will be studied.
ConclusionIt is anticipated that findings will highlight the specific mental health needs of this group including contextual information about and in response to these needs. Findings are likely to have policy relevance by informing mental health inequality targets and strategic planning for improving outcomes for care-experienced young people.
Applying the British Columbia Health System Matrix (BCHSM) population segmentation framework to support integrated care in Ontario, Canada.
Authors: Hall Ruth , Mondor Luke , Wodchis Walter
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo adapt the BCHSM population segmentation methodology to Ontario’s health administrative data to  identify mutually exclusive segments with similar health care needs to support integrated care efforts and population health management in Ontario, Canada. To compare health system related costs across derived segments to identify opportunities for better integrated care.
ApproachWe identified Ontarians alive with valid health card numbers as of April 1, 2020 (n =14,358,565) and created a matrix of prior utilization, cost and diagnoses using linked health administrative databases. Using a hierarchical technique, we assigned individuals into one of 14 BCHSM segments based on the greatest health care needs.  Segments of need range from non-users (low need) to end-of-life patients (greatest need). We report the distribution of individual characteristics, average monthly costs across segments and further stratified health care costs by quintile of material deprivation within segments.
ResultsThe largest segment was the healthy (low) users (43%) followed by low chronic conditions (28%) and non-users (10%). Five segments comprised <1% of the total population: end-of-life, frail in care, cancer, frail in the community and child and youth major. Average costs per month alive increased from $28 for the non-user segment to $5,100 for the end-of-life segment (0.5% of the population). Costs in the Frail with high chronic conditions segment ($2,740/mo) were 3-times higher than costs in the high chronic conditions segment ($930/mo),  6-times higher than costs in the medium chronic conditions segment ($450/mo), and 14-times higher than costs in the low chronic conditions segment ($193/mo). Results were generally more favourable in areas of low (vs high) material deprivation overall and within population segments.
ConclusionUsing Ontario’s linkable health administrative data we have created an Ontario adaptation of the BCHSM needs-based population segmentation approach. Segmentation supports population health management as well as helping  identify opportunities for improvement to strengthen integrated care and potential cost savings.
The Clerical Resolution Online Widget (CROW): creating open-source software to make clerical review easier.
Authors: O'Dair Hannah , Edwards Anthony G , Scott Craig
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesQuality assessment is an integral part of linkage, often involving clerical (manual) review of records. Excel spreadsheets are commonly used to review record pairs, which can be difficult to read across the screen. We decided to create an adaptable piece of software that improved the user experience.
ApproachOur approach was to utilise tkinter, a pythonic graphical user interface (GUI) package. Tkinter is easy to use and has simple syntax, making it a good choice for open-source code. The software takes in wide format datafiles and displays record pairs one at a time in an easy-to-compare format, allowing a user to select whether the items are a ‘match’ or a ‘non-match’. By adapting parameters in a configuration file, a user can very easily adapt the CROW to the variables available in each dataset. We have also developed capability for highlighting differences between record pairs.
ResultsFeedback from users indicates that as a result of using CROW, the clerical matching experience has improved vastly. Users reported that CROW increased accessibility, reducing eye strain and fatigue. CROW also increases efficiency, allowing projects to complete earlier than planned. On one key Labour Market Survey based linkage, the CROW led to an estimated 25% time saving. The ability to highlight the differences in records increases the accuracy and efficiency of decision making. We were successful in building adaptable software, that can be transferred to different datasets. It has been used in a wide range of projects across the ONS including key Covid-19 and Census 2021 linkage projects. The open-sourced nature of this software means it is freely available for use.
ConclusionIn conclusion, CROW is an open-sourced piece of software for clerical review that is easy to use and adapt; it makes the experience of clerical review more pleasant as well as saving resources. It is a useful tool that enables quality assurance to be broadly implemented across the linkage domain.
A national cohort of children born after assisted conception in the UK (1992-2009).
Authors: Purayastha Mitana , Roberts Stephen , Gardiner Julian , Brison Daniel , Nelson Scott , Lawlor Deborah , Sutcliffe Alastair
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo establish a cohort of children consisting of those born after assisted reproductive technology (ART) in the UK between 1992 and 2009, their naturally conceived siblings (NCS) and matched naturally conceived population controls (NCP) and linking this to postnatal health records up to 2015.
MethodsDeterministic record linkage between the Human Fertilization & Embryology Authority (HFEA) register and Office for National Statistics (ONS) birth registration datasets was carried out to identify a cohort of children born after ART between 1992 and 2009, their NCS, and matched NCP controls (HFEA-ONS linkage). This cohort was linked to the UK Hospital Episode Statistics database to allow monitoring of the child’s post-natal health outcomes up to 2015 (HFEA-ONS-HES linkage). Birthweight and health outcomes were compared between groups and by treatment type.
ResultsThe HFEA-ONS linkage consisted of 75348 children born after non-donor ART carried out in the UK between 1st April 1992 and 31st July 2009, 14763 NCS and 164823 matched NCP controls. Of these, 63877 ART, 11343 NCS, and 127544 matched NCP controls were linked to hospital admissions and outpatient data (HFEA-ONS-HES sub-cohort). The study had 1.6-million-person years of follow-up (mean: 12.9 years; range 0-19 years). Children born after fresh embryo transfers were lighter and those born after frozen embryo transfers were heavier than the NCP controls. The within-sibling analyses were directionally consistent with the NCP analyses, but attenuated for the fresh vs NC and increased for the frozen vs NC analyses. ART singletons had increased risk of hospital admission as well as higher admission rates compared to NCP but not NCS.
ConclusionBespoke record linkage was carried out to generate a new child cohort for use in exploring the relationship between conception via ART and short- and long-term health outcomes in offspring. Identification of NCS as well as matched NCP controls allows exploration of the association of ART with adverse offspring outcomes while accounting for parental factors related to sub-fertility which may confound these associations.
Long-term Exposure to Ambient PM2.5 and Self-Reported Health: Evidence from Longitudinally-linked Census Data.
Authors: Rowland Neil , McVicar Duncan , Jahanshahi Babak , McGovern Mark , O'Reilly Dermot
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThis paper estimates associations between long-term exposure to ambient particulate air pollution and 13 self-reported health outcomes including poor general health, chronic illness, experiencing long-running difficulties with breathing, and experiencing frequent periods of confusion or memory loss. It examines the extent to which these associations are explained by confounding factors.
ApproachLongitudinally-linked Census data from the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study linked to data on annual average particulate (PM2.5) concentrations at the 1km grid-square level over the period 2002-2010, exploiting complete residential histories, are used. The paper controls for potentially confounding factors at the neighbourhood, household and individual level, including for prior health, in a multivariate regression framework. Robustness to the presence of remaining unobserved confounders is assessed in two extensions, first by assuming selection on unobservables is proportional to selection on observables, and second through inclusion of an extensive set of fixed effects in the model.
ResultsThere are strong statistical associations between long-term exposure to ambient particulate pollution and all 13 health outcomes measured by the 2011 Northern Ireland Census. Most of these estimated associations survive conditioning on an extensive set of observable controls. Of these, however, only two associations – with chronic illness and with long-running breathing difficulties, where we might expect the strongest causal effects – survive further analysis designed to elicit robustness to selection on unobservables. The estimated magnitudes of these remaining effects are non-trivial. For example, a 5 µg/m3 difference in particulate exposure averaged over 9 years has a similar magnitude effect on the probability of reporting long-running breathing difficulties as the difference between those aged in their 20s and those in their 40s.
ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of substantial effects of long-term exposure to ambient particulates on the probabilities of experiencing chronic illness and long-running breathing difficulties. These are qualitatively robust to both observed and unobserved confounders. Associations between particulate exposure and other health outcomes in the study are shown to reflect confounders.