bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic emission dispatch on unit commitment-based microgrid system considering wind and load uncertainty using hybrid MGWOSCACSA
Authors: Dey Bishwajit , Bhattacharyya Biplab , Raj Saurav , Babu Rohit
Published: October 2020

Economic emission dispatch (EED) of a three-unit stand-alone microgrid system supported by a wind farm is percolated in this paper. The adverse effects of stochastic and uncertainty nature of wind energy in raising the generation cost of the microgrid system are studied in this article. Unit commitment (UC) of the generating units is taken into account which helps in reducing the generation cost and provides relaxation time to the generation units. Three cases are contemplated for the study. For the first two cases, the generation cost of the test system was minimized without and with the involvement of wind power, respectively. The third case considered the involvement of wind power along with the UC of the conventional generation units. A novel hybrid of recently developed superior optimization algorithms, viz. grey wolf optimizer (GWO), sine–cosine algorithm (SCA) and crow search algorithm (CSA), is implemented to perform EED, and the results are compared with basic GWO and other hybrid algorithms. Results are then analysed to compare and contrast among these cases and justify the reliable and profitable one. Statistical analysis claims the superiority of the proposed hybrid MGWOSCACSA over other hybrids and GWO.
Cross-streamer wavefield reconstruction through wavelet domain learning
Authors: Larsen Greiner Thomas Andre , Hlebnikov Volodya , Lie Jan Erik , Kolbjørnsen Odd , Kjelsrud Evensen Andreas , Harris Nilsen Espen , Vinje Vetle , Gelius Leiv-J
Published: October 2020

Seismic exploration in complex geologic settings and shallow geologic targets has led to a demand for higher spatial and temporal resolution in the final migrated image. Conventional marine seismic and wide-azimuth data acquisition lack near-offset coverage, which limits imaging in these settings. A new marine source-over-cable survey, with split-spread configuration, known as TopSeis, was introduced in 2017 to address the shallow-target problem. However, wavefield reconstruction in the near offsets is challenging in the shallow part of the seismic record due to the high temporal frequencies and coarse sampling that leads to severe spatial aliasing. We have investigated deep learning as a tool for the reconstruction problem, beyond spatial aliasing. Our method is based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) approach trained in the wavelet domain that is used to reconstruct the wavefield across the streamers. We determine the performance of the proposed method on broadband synthetic data and TopSeis field data from the Barents Sea. From our synthetic example, we find that the CNN can be learned in the inline direction and applied in the crossline direction, and that the approach preserves the characteristics of the geologic model in the migrated section. In addition, we compare our method to an industry-standard Fourier-based interpolation method, in which the CNN approach shows an improvement in the root-mean-square (rms) error close to a factor of two. In our field data example, we find that the approach reconstructs the wavefield across the streamers in the shot domain, and it displays promising characteristics of a reconstructed 3D wavefield.
A new look at the causes of “polarization” horns in electromagnetic well logging
Authors: Régis Cícero , de Carvalho Paulo Roberto , da Silva e Silva Valdelírio
Published: October 2020

So-called polarization horns appear in electromagnetic well logs when the sondes move through the interface between formations of different conductivities. Since the early 1990s, peaks in the logs have been attributed to the influence of surface charges due to the presence of electric field components perpendicular to the interfaces. A new analysis finds that surface charges should not be pinpointed as the immediate cause for the appearance of interface peaks in electromagnetic logs from any tool operating in any frequency range. This is accomplished by calculating the derivatives of the magnetic field components with respect to the sonde’s vertical position as it crosses the interface between two homogeneous isotropic media. The mathematical expressions reveal the components with smooth transitions and the ones with discontinuities in their rates of change across the interface. The analysis is applied to the four components needed to simulate the responses of coaxial and coplanar coil configurations in dipping logs. The results show that only the horizontal field from a horizontal dipole source suffers an influence from the current density field perpendicular to the interface between the two media, which gives rise to surface charges, but even for this component, the nonsmooth transitions are not associated with the perpendicular current. An anisotropic example gives further support to the conclusion that the polarization horns are associated with the discontinuous current density field parallel to the interface rather than with the continuous current across the interface.
Influence of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) on PVA-Poly-N-hydroxyethyl-aspartamide (PVA-PHEA) Microcrystalline Solid Dispersion Films
Authors: Al-Sahaf Zahra , Raimi-Abraham Bahijja , Licciardi Mariano , de Mohac Laura Modica
Published: October 2020

This study was conducted to formulate buccal films consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly-N-hydroxyethyl-aspartamide (PHEA), to improve the dissolution of the drug through the oral mucosa. Ibuprofen sodium salt was used as a model drug, and the buccal film was expected to enhance its dissolution rate. Two different concentrations of PVA (5% w/v and 7.5% w/v) were used. Solvent casting was used to prepare films, where a solution consisting of drug and polymer was cast and allowed to dry. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the properties of films. In vitro dissolution studies were also conducted to investigate drug release. SEM studies showed that films containing a higher concentration of PVA had larger particles in microrange. FTIR studies confirmed the presence of the drug in films and indicated that ibuprofen sodium did not react with polymers. DSC studies confirmed the crystalline form of ibuprofen sodium when incorporated within films. In vitro dissolution studies found that the dissolution percentage of ibuprofen sodium alone was increased when incorporated within the film from 59 to 74%. This study led to the development of solid microcrystalline dispersion as a buccal film with a faster dissolution rate than the drug alone overcoming problem of poor solubility.
A protocol for a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines for recurrent miscarriage
Authors: Hennessy Marita , Dennehy Rebecca , Meaney Sarah , Devane Declan , O'Donoghue Keelin
Published: October 2020

Recurrent miscarriage (RM) was recently re-defined by the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) as the loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies. Before this, and indeed still in some countries, RM was defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses. While the incidence of RM depends on the definition employed and population studied, it is generally accepted to affect 1-6% of women of reproductive age. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for RM have been published by some professional organisations. While there are CPGs on miscarriage in Ireland, there are none concerning RM specifically. The aim of this systematic review is to identify, appraise and describe published CPGs for the management, investigation and/or follow-up of RM within high-income countries. Electronic databases (MEDLINE (Ovid®; 1946), Embase®(Elsevier; 1980), CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost; 1994), Web of Science™ (Thomson Reuters), Scopus (Elsevier; 2004), and Open Grey (INIST-CNRS; 2011)), selected guideline repositories, and the websites of professional societies will be searched to identify CPGs, published within the last 20 years, for potential inclusion. Two reviewers will review abstracts and full texts independently against the eligibility criteria. Characteristics and recommendations of included CPGs will be extracted by one reviewer and double-checked by another. Two reviewers will use the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation version 2 (AGREE II) instrument independently to assess the quality of the included CPGs. Narrative synthesis will be conducted to appraise and compare CPGs and their recommendations or guidance therein. The identification, appraisal and description of published CPGs in other high-income countries will be a valuable first step in informing efforts to promote the optimisation and standardisation of RM care.
Prioritising key motivators and challenges influencing informal carers’ decisions for participating in randomised trials: An embedded Study Within A before and after Trial (SWAT 55)
Authors: Smith Valerie , Corry Margarita , Devane Declan , Treweek Shaun , Hunter Andrew , Grylka-Baeschlin Susanne , Hannon Kathleen
Published: October 2020

Background: Family members, or others, often assume the role of informal (unpaid) carers of people with chronic illnesses. Care-giving, however, can impact profoundly on the quality of life of carers and can cause carer worry, stress and guilt. Implementing interventions that positively affect the lives of carers is important; however, carers as a group are often difficult to reach. We embedded a study within a pilot-feasibility trial of a mindfulness based intervention to determine and prioritise the key motivators and challenges influencing informal carers’ decisions for participating in a trial.

Methods: We used a multi-method approach involving interviews with participants from a ‘host trial’ and data from systematic reviews to develop a survey that was distributed to informal carers in Ireland. The survey consisted of 28 motivator and 17 challenge statements. Participants rated how important they thought each statement was when deciding to take part in a trial on a 5-point Likert Scale. Mean scores and standard deviations were calculated for each statement and arranged in descending order to provide the priority lists.

Results: Thirty-six carers responded to the survey. Helping to create awareness about carers was the top ranked motivator, followed by four study design statements related to the time at which the study occurs, the study location, format of delivery and venue. The least important motivator related to how carers were invited to take part in a study. Difficulties in planning due to the caring role emerged as the most important challenge, followed by being unable to leave the care recipient on his/her own.

Conclusions: Insight into decision-making for research participation will assist trial developers tailor trial processes for informal carer populations. We recommend that trialists should consider these motivators and challenges when designing future trials involving informal carers so as to enhance trial feasibility and success.
Dietary interventions with or without omega-3 supplementation for the management of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Raad Tala , George Elena , Griffin Anne , Larkin Louise , Fraser Alexander , Kennedy Norelee , Tierney Audrey
Published: October 2020

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterised by swollen and painful joints. It is hypothesised that changes in lifestyle factors such as consuming a healthier diet may  reduce the severity of RA symptoms. People living with RA commonly make alterations to their dietary intake with the hope of improving their symptoms. This systematic review aims to discuss the effects of dietary interventions with and without omega-3 supplementation for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods:A systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised controlled trials (NRCTs) will be conducted. MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Methodology Register) and CINAHL will be searched from inception without using date restrictions. Primary outcomes will include measures of disease activity, inflammation and quality of life among adults living with RA. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the methodological appraisal of the studies will be assessed independently by two different reviewers (TR and AG) using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for RCTs, and Risk-of-Bias In Non-Randomised Studies Tool for NRCTs.

Ethics and dissemination:Ethical approval is not required for this systematic review. Only publically available data from previously published studies will be used. The findings of this systematic review will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences.

PROSPERO registration:CRD42020147415(11/02/2020).
Commercial logistics
Authors: Nagapet'yanc Rafael' , Kameneva Nina , Polyakov Vladimir , Sinyaev Vasiliy , Ketner Inna
Published: October 2020

The textbook introduces future bachelors to the theoretical foundations and content of the discipline "Commercial logistics". The basics of organization and management of material flows in industrial enterprises and in the sphere of circulation are revealed. The theoretical foundations of commercial logistics are given, the conceptual framework and functional areas of commercial logistics application are considered.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For bachelors studying in the fields of "Economics" and "Management", as well as logistics specialists.
Furniture and joinery design
Authors: Bartashevich Aleksandr
Published: October 2020

The textbook discusses the types, classification of furniture, joinery and requirements for them; the methodology and process of furniture design, its organizational forms; the basics of design design: functional, ergonomic, technological, composite; General technical conditions for furniture, fittings, joinery, etc. Types of product quality control are described. The basics of automating the design of Cabinet furniture are described.
For students of institutions that implement educational programs of secondary vocational education in the specialty "woodworking technology".
The effect of yoga practice on muscular strength improvement in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Sarbaz Yashar , Beni Kamran Naderi , Hosseininejad Azar , Eftekharsadat Bina , Jahanjoo Fatemeh
Published: October 2020

Background/Aims

Multiple sclerosis is a common condition in the central nervous system where patients experience many issues, including muscle weakness. This study offers an investigation of continuous hatha yoga exercises on patients with multiple sclerosis.

Methods

A total of 22 participants with multiple sclerosis were selected, 11 were allocated to the intervention group, and 11 to the control group. In both groups, surface electromyography and dynamometer were performed at the beginning and the end of the study. The intervention group undertook 90-minute sessions of hatha yoga training three times a week for 6 months and the control group did not do any particular exercise during this period.

Results

Dynamometer results indicated that yoga significantly improved the muscle strength of the participants with multiple sclerosis (before the intervention: 40.00 Nm ± 14.66 Nm vs 56.82 Nm ± 20.28 Nm after the intervention, P=0.037). However, there was no significant difference in muscle strength changes between the intervention and control groups (16.82 Nm ± 23.26 Nm vs -2.86 Nm ± 23.36 Nm, P=0.171). Yoga significantly increased participants muscle strength according to the surface electromyography signals (before the intervention: 39.91 V ± 8.86 V vs 54.09 v ± 8.95 V after the intervention, P=0.007). The muscle strength of the control group participants with multiple sclerosis decreased after 6 months, however it was not statistically significant (41.55 Nm ± 9.3 Nm vs 34.55 Nm ± 8.36 Nm, P=0.073). The comparison of changes showed that the surface electromyography signals in the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P=0.001).

Conclusions:

Yoga exercises, in addition to common multiple sclerosis treatment methods, can be considered as a complementary therapy to improve the physical aspects of multiple sclerosis symptoms.
Πῶς ἀξιολογεῖται: entorn dels enfocaments teòrics en l'avaluació de les llengües clàssiques
Authors: Clúa Josep Antoni
Published: October 2020

Per als professors de llengües clàssiques, la qualitat de la pedagogia lingüística emprada afecta directament el resultat de l’ensenyament de la llengua. Fins i tot hi ha una broma entre els classicistes segons la qual la proporció de gramàtiques gregues clàssiques per professors és de 10:9, i semblantment podríem dir de l’enfocament triat d’avaluació. Aquest article exposa algunes reflexions generals sobre l’avaluació del grec i del llatí. L’autor parteix d’un tema evident: en el mètode tradicional l’avaluació es limitava a un examen final (en la major part dels casos, només escrit) que verificava els coneixements de llengua adquirits per l’estudiant (per exemple, el coneixement de les regles gramaticals). En la mesura que es tracta d’una mena d’educació que ofereix un model de gramàtica normativa i en què la llengua esdevé un fi en si mateix, que exigeix una reflexió metalingüística i que sovint és exemplificada per models literaris, no és d’estranyar que el “test” tingui en compte criteris morfològics i sintàctics i que inclogui proves de traducció per verificar que s’han après el vocabulari i les normes d’ortografia. Aquest article, que parteix de la revisió de l’etern problema de l’objectivitat a l’hora d’avaluar el llatí i el grec, proposa alguns possibles enfocaments teòrics per millorar-ho i prova de donar algunes breus propostes concretes de millora o de canvi de paradigma. El nostre punt de partida ha estat el nou model de docència universitària que s’esdevé amb la implantació de l’Espai Europeu d’Educació Superior. De totes les implicacions associades al procés de convergència europea, aquest document se centra també en el procés d’adquisició i avaluació de les competències transversals, per poder-lo abordar des de qualsevol ensenyament universitari i a la secundària.
Ludificació a les llengües clàssiques: propostes d’adaptació de tres jocs "clàssics" per a la consolidació de l’aprenentatge i l’avaluació
Authors: Muñoz Cuadrillero David
Published: October 2020

En aquest treball es comparen els termes ‘ludificació’ i ‘gamificació’, aportant arguments lèxics per a l’ús del primer. D’altra banda, després d’un breu repàs a la teoria antiga i moderna sobre el joc aplicat a l’educació, es presentaran tres propostes de repàs de coneixements i/o d’avaluació mitjançant la ludificació, adaptant tres cèlebres jocs de taula a la cultura clàssica.
Els tres complexos de la Filologia Clàssica
Authors: Mut i Arbós Joan
Published: October 2020

L’article suposa una breu dissertació sobre la interrelació entre el ‘com’ i el ‘què’ en l’ensenyament de les llengües clàssiques, així com sobre algunes confusions que de vegades es donen entre l’un i l’altre. Partint de l’exposició –volgudament provocativa– d’alguns dels factors que en condicionen l’ensenyament avui dia (allò que anomenem ‘els tres complexos de la Filologia Clàssica’), es planteja una reflexió al voltant de la finalitat de la nostra tasca docent, amb una reivindicació del mètode anomenat ‘tradicional’ en l’ensenyament de les llengües clàssiques. Finalment, es fa una reivindicació, també, del llatí i el grec com a factors estimuladors d’algunes competències que són absolutament necessàries i ‘útils’ per a l’alumnat del segle XXI.
Optimization of the optical particle counter for online particle measurement in pressure-changing natural gas
Authors: Song Xuan , Wu Xiaolin , Ji Zhongli , Wang Deyu , Liu Zhen
Published: October 2020

Online measurement of particulate matter in high-pressure natural gas is of great significance to the purification process and safe operation of long-distance pipelines. However, pressure changes in high-pressure natural gas pipelines are complicated. The optical particle counter (OPC) is affected by the change in the refractive index of natural gas, which causes an error of the measured particle size. In order to solve this problem, based on the theory of geometric optics, an optimization model of the aerosol tube spherical window regarding the refractive index was established. This optimization basically eliminates the influence of gas refractive index on the OPC beam characteristics, so that OPC has the same performance under any high-pressure conditions as under normal pressure. The problem of the optical sensor being unsuitable for high-pressure conditions in which it is difficult to be calibrated in atmospheric air is solved, and the accuracy of the online particle test in the high-pressure natural gas pipeline is greatly improved. The influence of window thickness and installation error on the optimization model is analyzed, which provides references for improving the accuracy of optical sensors and application design in higher-pressure environments. Finally, the feasibility, reliability, and accuracy of the method are analyzed and verified by experiments.
Ultra-broadband large-angle beam splitter based on a homogeneous metasurface at visible wavelengths
Authors: Li Jing , Ye Han , Wu Tiesheng , Liu Yumin , Yu Zhongyuan , Wang Yu , Sun Yuhang , Yu Li
Published: October 2020

Metasurface-based beam splitters with high efficiency, large split angle, wide bandwidth and easy fabrication are highly desirable and still in pursuit. In this paper, we propose a heuristic scheme for designing an ultra-broadband high-efficiency power beam splitter based on a homogeneous metasurface. The conversion efficiency and total transmission intensity of the power splitter stays higher than 95% and 0.66 within the wavelength region from 604 nm to 738 nm, respectively. Particularly, the conversion efficiency can maintain greater than 99% in 58 nm bandwidth. The angle between two split beams can reach a maximum of 157.82° at the wavelength of 738 nm. In addition to simplified design and easy fabrication, the proposed power beam splitter possesses high robustness as well. We expect that our design can pave a new way for realizing high-performance metasurface-based beam splitters.
Is laser repetition rate important for two-photon light sheet microscopy?
Authors: Gasparoli Federico M. , Escobet-Montalbán Adrià , Early Jason , Bruce Graham D. , Dholakia Kishan
Published: October 2020

We demonstrate the thermal advantages of using low repetition rate, high peak power lasers for imaging in two-photon light sheet microscopy using a Bessel light beam. We compare the use of two ultrashort pulsed lasers in such an imaging system: a high repetition rate source operating at 80 MHz and a low repetition rate source operating at 1 MHz. The low repetition rate laser requires approximately one order of magnitude lower average power than the high repetition rate source to yield the same fluorescent signal. These lasers are used to image Zebrafish larvae and record their heart rates. The data show heart rate values 30% in excess of the ground truth baseline value when imaged with the high repetition rate source due to deleterious heating, whereas the low repetition rate source yields data only a few percent above this ground truth value.
Landare eta arrainen ekoizpen jasangarrirako akuaponia sistema baten garapena Tenebrio molitor intsektuaren larbak erabiliz
Authors: Arregi Maite , Subinas Beñat , Elissalt Oier , Arrieta Oihane , Oreja Leire , Barriola Maria Jose , Saralegi Ainara
Published: October 2020

Akuaponia akuikultura eta hidroponiaren konbinaketaren bidez arrainak zein landareak ekoizteko birzirkulazio-sistema bat da, non bakterio nitrifikatzaileek arrainek iraitzitako hondakin metabolikoak landareentzat ezinbertzekoak diren mantenugai bihurtzen dituzten. Akuikultura zein hidroponia sistema konbentzionalekin alderatuta, akuaponia sistemak ingurumen-inpaktu zein uraren erabilera murritzagoa aurkezten du. Hala eta guztiz ere, akuaponia sistemak arrain-irinarekiko daukan menpekotasuna nabarmentzekoa da. Hori dela eta, lan honetan, Tenebrio molitor (TM) intsektu espeziearen larbak arrainen dietan proportzio ezberdinetan gehitu dira (% 0, % 25 eta % 50), honek arrain-irina ordezkatzeko duen gaitasuna zehazteko ortzadar-amuarrainez (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eta letxugez (Lactuca sativa) osaturiko akuaponia sistema batean. Horretarako, dieta ezberdinekin elikaturiko akuaponia sistemetan uraren propietate fisiko-kimikoak (tenperatura, pHa, eroankortasun elektrikoa, eta nitrogeno konposatuen kontzentrazioa) eta ortzadar-amuarrainen zein letxugen hazkuntza ebaluatu dira. Uraren parametroei dagokienez, nahiz eta parametro batzuk maila optimoa gainditu, ez dute amuarrainen zein letxugen hazkuntzan eragin, sistema oro har orekan mantendu baita. Aipatzekoa da TM larbak gehitu ez diren tangetan letxugen hazkuntza handiagoa izan dela, baina TM larbak % 25ean gehitu direnean amuarrainen hazkuntzan hobekuntza nabarmen bat ikusi dela, eta horrela, egiaztatu da TM espeziearen larbek arrain-irinean oinarritutako pentsua ordezkatzeko duten ahalmena.
Olefina arinen ekoizpena: egungo egoera eta aurreikuspenak
Authors: Epelde Eva , Tabernilla Zuria , Iriarte Unai , Sierra Irene
Published: October 2020

Olefina arinak (bereziki, etilenoa eta propilenoa) industria petrokimikoko oinarrizko lehengaiak dira eta poliolefinak (polietilenoa eta polipropilenoa) ekoizteko erabiltzen dira nagusiki. Gaur egun, olefinen eskaria handituz doa: etilenoaren eskariak urteko % 3-5eko igoera izan du, eta propilenoak, aldiz, % 5-7koa. Etilenoaren eskaria bermatuta dago etanoaren ur-lurrun bidezko cracking termiko (SC) prozesuaren bitartez, baina propilenoaren eskaria betetzeko, ohiko prozesuek (SC eta cracking katalitikoa ohantze fluidizatuan (FCC)) eskaintzen duten hautakortasuna hobetu beharra dago. Gainera, industria-mailan ezarritako teknologiek erregai fosilen mendekotasun eta energia-kontsumo handia dute. Beraz, ohiko teknologiak hobetzea eta iturri berriztagarriak erabiltzen dituzten prozesuak garatzea dira gaur egungo findegiaren eta industria petrokimikoaren erronka nagusiak. Artikulu honetan, lehendabizi, olefina arinen erabilerak eta haien eskaria mundu-mailan aztertuko dira. Jarraian, ohiko teknologiak deskribatuko dira (iturri fosiletik abiatuz) eta, azkenik, bestelako teknologia berriztagarriak aurkeztuko dira, biomasaren eta hondakinen balorizazioan oinarritzen direnak.
La conformación de un icono genérico y su contexto: Augusto César Sandino y la opinión pública española (1928-1934)
Authors: Andrés García Manuel
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es la revisión de la figura de Augusto César Sandino y su impacto sociopolítico en la opinión pública española. Partiendo de un análisis de los acontecimientos que impulsaron la figura del líder guerrillero a la escena internacional, examinaremos la repercusión de sus actuaciones dentro de una coyuntura intervencionista como la planteada por los Estados Unidos en Centroamérica y el Caribe en las primeras décadas del XX, al igual que la reacción de los países hispanohablantes respecto a las injerencias de Washington. Será a partir de dicho contexto que abordaremos la repercusión de Sandino en la intelectualidad y medios peninsulares, tomando como referencia diarios de todo el arco ideológico para confirmar cómo, aun desde perspectivas diferenciadas – y en un marco temporal de apenas siete años – el nicaragüense acabaría convertido en un icono compartido, pero de disímil significación.
"Eminentísimo Señor", "Querida amiga y hermana": La estrategia de protección de Acción Católica femenina a través de su correspondencia en la Guerra Civil y la posguerra.
Authors: Perez del Puerto Angela
Published: October 2020

Este trabajo hace una aproximación a las ramas femeninas de Acción Católica española a través de su correspondencia oficial durante la Guerra Civil y la posguerra. Mediante el análisis de sus cartas, se demuestra que las seglares se organizaron para para proteger la asociación ante las nuevas circunstancias bélicas y de posguerra. Las socias de Acción Católica aprovecharon estos intercambios epistolares para crear una plataforma de difusión de los principios de autonomía y apoliticismo que debían regir el funcionamiento de su institución. El objetivo final era preservar Acción Católica femenina como un espacio privilegiado y autónomo para las católicas, y protegerlo contra el intrusismo de autoridad del nuevo régimen franquista y la politización de Falange.
Antimicrobial resistance of commensal Escherichia coli from food-producing animals in Russia
Authors: Makarov Dmitry A. , Ivanova Olga E. , Karabanov Sergey Yu. , Gergel Maria A. , Pomazkova Anastasia V.
Published: October 2020

Background and Aim: Commensal Escherichia coli is an important indicator of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animals and food of animal origin. Therefore, it was recommended by the World Health Organization and OIE for inclusion in resistance surveillance programs. At the same time, the data on E. coli isolates from animals in Russia are scarce. The aim of this work was to determine the current prevalence of resistance and genetic markers of non-pathogenic commensal E. coli collected from major food-producing animals (poultry, pigs, and cows) in different regions of Russia and to compare these data with data from other countries to prioritize antimicrobials for limiting their use according to the National Action Plan.

Materials and Methods: Samples (n=306) were collected from biomaterial of chicken, turkey, cows, and pigs raised on 11 farms in the European part of Russia, Siberia, and North Caucasus. Isolates (n=306) of E. coli were tested for resistance to 11 antimicrobials from ten classes using the broth microdilution method. MICs were interpreted against EUCAST microbiological and clinical breakpoints. For data analysis and statistical processing, the AMRcloud online platform was used. The data are presented in comparison with other countries.

Results: In Russia, higher levels of microbiological and clinical resistance of E. coli to critically important antimicrobials, including colistin, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin, were found compared to other countries, especially in poultry: About 30% of isolates from chicken were resistant to colistin, 8% to cefotaxime, and 88% to ciprofloxacin according to EUCAST ECOFFs. Only 10% of isolates from cows were resistant to cefotaxime. About 47% of isolates of E. coli from chicken had a moderate relative resistance for ampicillin and 56% for tetracycline. For most antimicrobials, isolates from cows demonstrated a lower resistance than isolates from poultry and pigs. All tested isolates from chicken, turkey, and pigs showed a simultaneous microbiological resistance to at least three classes of antimicrobials. No pan-resistant isolates were found.

Conclusion: High levels of AMR of commensal E. coli from poultry, especially for critically important drugs, are a matter of concern and should be taken into account when choosing antimicrobials to be restricted for use in animal husbandry according to the National Action Plan.
CLASSIFICAÇÃO E ANÁLISE DAS UNIDADES DE PAISAGENS NO DISTRITO DE TAPERUABA, SOBRAL, CEARÁ
Authors: Rodrigues Jose Marcos Duarte , Lima Ernane Corteza , Claudino-Sales Vanda , Tatumi Sonia
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo classifica e analisa e as unidades de paisagem do distrito de Taperuaba, Sobral, Ceará, através da realização de uma análise ambiental e tipológica. Para tanto, foram determinadas três unidades de paisagem: a planície fluvial do Rio Bom Jesus; as serras secas; os sertões e pés de serra de Taperuaba. Foram analisadas as potencialidades e limitações, identificados os impactos ambientais, diagnostificada a vulnerabilidade e sustentabilidade ambiental, e por último, estabelecidas diretrizes mitigadoras, através de pesquisa bibliográfica, levantamentos de campo e mapeamentos temáticos. A planície fluvial foi considerada como apresentando vulnerabilidade e sustentabilidade moderada. As serras secas e os sertões e pés de serra foram diagnosticadas como área de alta vulnerabilidade e baixa sustentabilidade ambiental. Os principais impactos ambientais de ordem antrópica identificados foram desmatamento, queimadas, assoreamento, poluição dos recursos hídricos e diminuição de espécies vegetal e animal. De ordem natural cita-se as inundações periódicas e a erosão do solo. Quanto às diretrizes, propõe-se sobretudo a implantação de APPs, manutenção e/ou recuperação da vegetação, controle das práticas agrícola; práticas de controle de erosão e desenvolvimento do ecoturismo e geoturismo.
Novel Labour-related Clauses in a Trade Agreement: From NAFTA to USMCA
Authors: Scherrer Christoph
Published: October 2020

The renegotiated North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), now called the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA), contains two interesting innovations: the requirement of aminimum average wage in the manufacturing of motor vehicles (the Labour Value Content clause)and a detailed prescription for the reform of Mexican labour law. Both could serve as models forfuture labour chapters in trade agreements. The assessment contained in this article is based on theviews of those who demanded renegotiation of the labour-related provisions of NAFTA, expertson labour rights in free trade agreements (FTAs) and ethics criteria. The assessment results in asplit picture. The labour-related provisions came about under ethically problematic circumstancesand their complexity leaves much room for criticism. Yet, the idea of inserting a wage floor in anFTA, as well as monitoring and sanctioning mechanisms for ensuring internationally recognisedlabour rights, merits further consideration for future trade agreements.KEYWORDS: globalisation; industrial relations; competitiveness; trade agreements; outsourcing
Physical Fitness, Sex Considerations, and Academy Graduation for Law Enforcement Recruits
Authors: Lockie Robert G. , Dawes J. Jay , Dulla Joseph M. , Orr Robin M. , Hernandez Erika
Published: October 2020

Lockie, RG, Dawes, JJ, Dulla, JM, Orr, RM, and Hernandez, E. Physical fitness, sex considerations, and academy graduation for law enforcement recruits. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3356–3363, 2020—This study investigated the influence of fitness on academy graduation, and any between-sex differences, in law enforcement recruits. Data collected at the start of 4 training academies were retrospectively analyzed, including age, height, and body mass; waist circumference; waist-to-hip ratio; grip strength; vertical jump (VJ); 75-yard pursuit run; 2-kg medicine ball throw (MBT); push-ups, sit-ups, and arm ergometer revolutions in 60 seconds; and 20-m multistage fitness test (20MSFT) shuttles. Recruits were categorized into graduated (GRAD = 269) and separated (did not graduate; SEP = 42) groups. SEP recruits were not split according to separation reasons, just whether they did or not. This categorization also occurred for male subjects (GRAD = 228; SEP = 32) and female subjects (GRAD = 41; SEP = 10). Independent samples t-tests calculated between-group differences for all recruits combined, male subjects, and female subjects. Correlations and stepwise linear regression calculated relationships between the data and graduation. The t-test (p ≤ 0.016) and correlation (r = ±0.137–0.296; p < 0.05) data indicated that SEP recruits (both sexes combined) were older and performed poorer in every fitness test except grip strength and VJ. SEP male subjects were older and performed poorer in all tests except grip strength (p ≤ 0.009). SEP female subjects scored lower in the arm ergometer (p = 0.008). The regression equation for all recruits found that age, 20MSFT (aerobic fitness), MBT (upper-body power), and arm ergometer (upper-body endurance) were academy graduation predictors (r
2 = 0.169; p < 0.001). For the male recruits, the predictors were age, MBT, and 20MSFT (r
2 = 0.182; p ≤ 0.001), and for female recruits, arm ergometer and 20MSFT (r
2 = 0.213; p ≤ 0.003). Recruits should improve multiple fitness aspects, including muscular endurance, power, and aerobic fitness, to enhance graduation potential.
Perspectives of land evaluation of floodplains under conditions of aridification based on the assessment of ecosystem services
Authors: Lóczy Dénes , Tóth Gergely , Hermann Tamás , Rezsek Marietta , Nagy Gábor , Dezső József , Salem Ali , Gyenizse Péter , Gobin Anne , Vacca Andrea
Published: October 2020

Global climate change has discernible impacts on the quality of the landscapes of Hungary. Only a dynamic and spatially differentiated land evaluation methodology can properly reflect these changes. The provision level, rate oftransformation and spatial distribution of ecosystem services (ESs) are fundamental properties of landscapes and have to be integral parts of an up-to-date land evaluation. For agricultural land capability assessment soil fertility is a major supporting ES, directly associated with climate change through greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration as regulationg services. Since for Hungary aridification is the most severe consequence of climate change, water-related ESs, such as water retention and storage on and below the surface as well as control of floods, water pollution and soil erosion, are of increasing importance. The productivity of agricultural crops is enhanced by more atmospheric CO2 but restricted by higher drought susceptibility. The value of floodplain landscapes, i.e. their agroecological, nature conservation, tourism (aesthetic) and other potentials, however, will be increasingly controlled by their water supply, which is characterized by hydrometeorological parameters. Case studies are presented for the estimation of the value of two water-related regulating ESs (water retention and groundwater recharge capacities) in the floodplains of the Kapos and Drava rivers, Southwest Hungary. It is predictable that in the future land evaluation techniques based on the FAO framework will be more dynamic and integrated with the monetary valuation of ESs. The latter task, however, still involves numerous methodological problems to solve.
Ethnic Politics in Minority Dominant Regimes
Authors: Hassan Miaad
Published: October 2020

This article attempts to answer the question of why ethnic identity rather than national identity is more likely to be salient after an ethnic majority overcomes a dominant minority rule? Does an ethnic majority succeeding a dominant minority pursue an authentic representative government or does it reinvigorate its own ethnic identity through the pursuit of ethnic politics? Ethnic minority governance inevitably raises questions of legitimacy and inclusivity. Even in secular democracies, where courts protect citizen rights, democracy is far from perfect, but in countries that divide along ethnicity, religion, sector, or tribal loyalty, the history of all-inclusive governance is not encouraging. Typically, minority rule in non-democratic countries tends to despotism and autocracy. Therefore, the policies of dominant minority regimes scarcely differ from those of majoritarian governments, and outcomes can also vary dramatically. By comparing dominant minority rule in three cases—Iraq, Syria, and Bahrain1—I analyze how ethnic conflict is prevalent and prolonged in countries where ethnic minorities rule and how the outcome ultimately impacts state national identity. I maintain that ethnic identity issues and ethnic conflict do not resolve with majoritarian rule. In fact, if a majoritarian party assumes power after a dominant minority government, it will likely consolidate its own identity and pursue ethnic politics by way of an ethnocultural form of self-determination. Theoretically, this article contributes to the debate on the incompatibility of ethnicity and nationalism on the one hand, and with nation and state building on the other.
Nomadic Migration and Rural Violence in Nigeria
Authors: Lenshie Nsemba Edward , Jacob Patience Kondu
Published: October 2020

The relationship between Fulani herdsmen and farmers has in recent years become hot-tempered motivated by competitive control of land resources, particularly in central and north-east Nigeria. In Taraba State, the ongoing nomadic migration pattern from the Sahel in quest of pastures has led to violent confrontation between Fulani herdsmen and farming indigenous natives. Using a descriptive approach consisting of documented evidence, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions, the analysis revealed that conflicts between Fulani herdsmen and indigenous native farmers have culminated in population displacement and destruction of life and property in numerous rural enclaves in Taraba State. Despite the consequences of the conflicts, the Taraba State government was unable to act proactively because of the centralization of command over Nigerian security agencies. Accordingly, the study suggests decentralization of security agencies in Nigeria, especially the police, as the way forward for effective security governance in Nigeria.
The Technological Basis of Egalitarian Economic Growth
Authors: Cohn Samuel , Upchurch Michael
Published: October 2020

This paper offers an alternative to the view that high technology promotes development and low technology inhibits development. We differentiate between monopoly technology and accessible technology. Monopoly technology produces growth by producing monopoly rents. As a byproduct, it also produces substantial inequality, both within nations and globally. Accessible technology produces growth without monopoly simply by increasing the volume of production in a lucrative business. We illustrate this first with a consideration of successful agrarian-based development in the global North that was based on agricultural products that were not particularly monopolized. We then move to a detailed consideration of fishing in nineteenth-century Norway. Norway’s economic development depended on proceeds from fishing exports. Norwegian fishing had a distinctive technology that made it particularly low-tech and egalitarian. It produced substantial wealth for the nation while producing very little social inequality.
Not as It Is Written
Authors: Houston Benjamin
Published: October 2020

This article discusses an international exhibition that detailed the recent history of African Americans in Pittsburgh. Methodologically, the exhibition paired oral history excerpts with selected historic photographs to evoke a sense of Black life during the twentieth century. Thematically, showcasing the Black experience in Pittsburgh provided a chance to provoke among a wider public more nuanced understandings of the civil rights movement, an era particularly prone to problematic and superficial misreadings, but also to interject an African American perspective into the scholarship on deindustrializing cities, a literature which treats racism mostly in white-centric terms. This essay focuses on the choices made in reconciling these thematic and methodological dimensions when designing this exhibition.
The APC gene rs41115 polymorphism is associated with survival in Iranian colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Mir Najd Gerami Sousan , Hossein Somi Mohammad , Vahedi Leila , Farassati Faris , Dolatkhah Roya
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The onset of colorectal cancer is a complex process caused by numerous genetic pathways. APC functions as a ``"gatekeeper" and its mutations occur at the initiation stage of the colorectal tumorigenesis. The main aim of this study was to investigate common somatic mutations of exon 15 APC genes in patients with colorectal cancer in East Azerbaijan, Iran.

Methods: This study was designed and performed as a cross-sectional and case-only study. Tissue biopsies were obtained during colonoscopy and confirmed colorectal carcinoma cases were evaluated. Two hotspot regions of exon 15 for APC mutations were evaluated using PCR amplification and Sanger sequence analysis.

Results: The synonymous (p.Thr1475Thr) polymorphism was observed in all patients; 35 patients (61.4%) had AG genotype and 22 patients (38.6%) had AA genotype. Also, a missense mutation and two deletions were found. Pearson's correlation test showed a significant correlation between the stage of the disease (rho = 0.23, P =< 0.05), and anatomical subsite of the tumor with rs41115 polymorphism (rho = 0.31, P =< 0.05). Overall comparison of survival function in the different genotypes of the APC gene showed significant differences between groups, and CRCs with AG genotype had 3.24-fold higher hazard of mortality than CRCs with AA genotype (HR = 3.24; 95% CI: 1.21 - 8.68, P = 0.020).

Conclusion: APC mutation plays an important predictive role in overall survival. However, the pattern and type of APC gene have a diverse impact on clinical outcomes in the Asian population. Moreover, in CRC patients the APC mutations were reported to be diverse variants.
Richness and abundance of caterpillars on Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) species in an are of cerrado vegetation in Central Brazil
Authors: Andrade Isabel , Morais Helena C , Diniz Ivone R , Van den Berg Cássio
Published: October 2020

Hicimos un registro cuantitativo de larvas de Lepidoptera que se alimentán de tres espécies de By/"sonima (Malpighíaceae) que ocurren en el Brasil Central: B. crassa Nied, B. verbascifolia L. Rich and B.coccolobifolia ( Spr.) Kunth. Nuestro principal objetivo fué estimar la abundancia y riqueza de orugas en cada una de las espécies de planta. Encontramos un patrón de baja abundancia y alta riqueza de espécies de orugas asociadas a las espécies de Byrsonima. Velificamos, todavía, que la similaridade entre la fauna de B. crassa y B. verbascifolia fué más alta que entre estas espécies y B. coccolobifolia. Una vez que se sabe que hojas con mayor cantidad de vellos pueden afectar la colonización y estratégias de forrageo de herbívoros. sugerimos que las diferencias en la comunidade de orugas asociadas a las distintas espécies de Byrsonima están reíacionadas con los diferentes niveles de vellosidad apresentados por cada una de las espécies de plantas. Esta tendenCIa en Byrsonima es apoyada por el bajo número de orugas encontradas en hojas jóvenes de B. crassa y B. verbasCÍfolia que tienen muchos pelos.
White-nosed coati Nasua narica (Carnivora: Procyonidae) as a potential poUinator of Ochroma pyramidale (Bombacaceae)
Authors: Mora José M , Méndez Vivian V , Gómez Luis D
Published: October 2020

White-nosed coati Nasua na rica (Carnivora: Procyonidae) as a potentialpoUinator of Ochroma pyramidale (Bombacaceae)