bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust Fault Estimation and Tolerant Control for Uncertain Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy Systems
Authors: Dhahri Slim , Naifar Omar
Published: October 2023

This research addresses the intricate challenges of fault estimation (FE) and fault-tolerant control (FTC) within a specific subset of T-S fuzzy systems. These systems are characterized by their localized nonlinear models, the presence of unknown inputs, actuator imperfections, and disruptive output disturbances, making them fertile ground for exploration in this study. The contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows: (1) First, we employ coordinate transformation matrices to convert the T-S fuzzy model. This transformation separates the unknown inputs and disturbances at the output. Subsequently, we equip the modified system with a T-S fuzzy adaptive sliding mode observer (ASMO) that serves the dual purpose of fortifying resilience against disruptions and adeptly deducing an extensive spectrum of fluctuating actuator failure signals. (2) In the next step, the insights gained from FE are harnessed to craft a dynamic fuzzy output feedback fault-tolerant controller (DOFFTC). This controller aims to mitigate the effects of actuator errors to maintain the stability of the closed-loop system. The article creates the necessary conditions for the presence of the required ASMO and DOFFTC using H-infinity filtering methods. To address the optimization issue posed by these criteria, we utilize linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and calculate the required gains for implementation using convex optimization techniques. (3) The study concludes by illustrating the applicability of the proposed techniques with an example employing an inverted pendulum. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to overcoming the challenges of FE and FTC within T-S fuzzy systems. It leverages precise mathematical formulations and optimization strategies to achieve resilient and dependable control, even when confronted with intricate system dynamics.
Baseline Susceptibility of the Field Populations of Ostrinia furnacalis in Indonesia to the Proteins Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 of Bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Trisyono Y. Andi , Aryuwandari Valentina E. F. , Rahayu Teguh , Martinelli Samuel , Head Graham P. , Parimi Srinivas , Camacho Luis R.
Published: October 2023

Genetically modified MON 89034 corn (Zea mays L.) expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins, viz. Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2, is a biotechnological option being considered for the management of the major corn pest in Indonesia, the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)). As a part of a proactive resistance-management program for MON 89034 corn in Indonesia, we assessed the baseline susceptibility of field-collected populations of O. furnacalis to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins. Dose–response bioassays using the diet-dipping method indicated that the lethal concentration (LC50) values of Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in 24 different field populations of O. furnacalis ranged from 0.006 to 0.401 µg/mL and from 0.044 to 4.490 µg/mL, respectively, while the LC95 values ranged from 0.069 to 15.233 µg/mL for Cry1A.105 and from 3.320 to 277.584 µg/mL for Cry2Ab2. The relative resistance ratios comparing the most tolerant field populations and an unselected laboratory population were 6.0 for Cry1A.105 and 2.0 for Cry2Ab2 based on their LC50 values. Some field populations were more susceptible to both proteins than the unselected laboratory population. The LC99 and its 95% fiducial limits across the field populations were calculated and proposed as candidate diagnostic concentrations. These data provide a basis for resistance monitoring in Bt Corn and further support building resistance-management strategies in Indonesia.
Ideal Injection Points for Botulinum Neurotoxin for Pectoralis Minor Syndrome: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Lee Ji-Hyun , Lee Hyung-Jin , Yi Kyu-Ho , Lee Kang-Woo , Gil Young-Chun , Kim Hee-Jin
Published: October 2023

Pectoralis Minor Syndrome (PMS) causes significant discomfort due to the compression of the neurovascular bundle within the retropectoralis minor space. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections have emerged as a potential treatment method; however, their effectiveness depends on accurately locating the injection site. In this study, we aimed to identify optimal BoNT injection sites for PMS treatment. We used twenty-nine embalmed and eight non-embalmed human cadavers to determine the origin and intramuscular arborization of the pectoralis minor muscle (Pm) via manual dissection and Sihler’s nerve staining techniques. Our findings showed the Pm’s origin near an oblique line through the suprasternal notch, with most neural arborization within the proximal three-fourths of the Pm. Blind dye injections validated these results, effectively targeting the primary neural arborized area of the Pm at the oblique line’s intersection with the second and third ribs. We propose BoNT injections at the arborized region within the Pm’s proximal three-fourths, or the C region, for PMS treatment. These findings guide clinicians towards safer, more effective BoNT injections.
Regulated and Emerging Mycotoxins in Bulk Raw Milk: What Is the Human Risk?
Authors: Leite Marta , Freitas Andreia , Barbosa Jorge , Ramos Fernando
Published: October 2023

Mycotoxins are abiotic hazards whose contamination occurs at the pre- and post-harvest stages of the maize value chain, with animal exposure through contaminated feed leading to their excretion into milk. Currently, only aflatoxin M1 is regulated in milk products. Since feed materials and complete feed present a multi-mycotoxin composition and are the main mycotoxin source into milk, it is important to recognize the occurrence of multiple toxins and their co-occurrence in this highly consumed food product. The aim of this study was to determine the content of regulated and emerging mycotoxins in milk samples, which allowed for evaluating the occurrence and co-occurrence patterns of different mycotoxins known to contaminate feed materials and complete animal feed. Human exposure considering the occurrence patterns obtained was also estimated. Aflatoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, and emerging mycotoxins were among the mycotoxins found to be present in the 100 samples analyzed. Concentrations ranged from 0.006 to 16.3 μg L−1, with no sample exceeding the AFM1 maximum level. Though several mycotoxins were detected, no exceeding values were observed considering the TDI or PMTDI. It can be concluded that the observed exposure does not pose a health risk to milk consumers, though it is important to recognize vulnerable age groups.
Deep Brain Stimulation for Focal or Segmental Craniocervical Dystonia in Patients Who Have Failed Botulinum Neurotoxin Therapy—A Narrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Odorfer Thorsten M. , Volkmann Jens
Published: October 2023

(1) Background: The first-line treatment for patients with focal or segmental dystonia with a craniocervical distribution is still the intramuscular injection of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). However, some patients experience primary or secondary treatment failure from this potential immunogenic therapy. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) may then be used as a backup strategy in this situation. (2) Methods: Here, we reviewed the current study literature to answer a specific question regarding the efficacy and safety of the use of DBS, particularly for cervical dystonia (CD) and Meige syndrome (MS) in patients with documented treatment failure under BoNT. (3) Results: There are only two studies with the highest level of evidence in this area. Despite this clear limitation, in the context of the narrowly defined research question of this paper, it is possible to report 161 patients with CD or MS who were included in studies that were able to show a statistically significant reduction in dystonic symptoms using DBS. Safety and tolerability data appeared adequate. However, much of the information is based on retrospective observations. (4) Conclusions: The evidence base in this area is in need of further scientific investigation. Most importantly, more randomized, controlled and double-blind trials are needed, possibly including a head-to-head comparison of DBS and BoNT.
Nothing into Something and Vice Versa: A Cosmological Scenario
Authors: Marochnik Leonid
Published: October 2023

In the almost empty universe (with almost no matter in it), stochastic gravitational waves (SGW) of finite amplitude produce a de Sitter regime as a solution, which is invariant with respect to the Wick rotation. Asymptotically, super horizon SGWs do not “feel” difference between Lorentzian and Euclidean spacetime and belong simultaneously to both of them. The universe is finishing its evolution in Euclidean spacetime, i.e., it disappears into nothing. Quantum fluctuations of the gravitational field (gravitons) produce a de Sitter regime again in Euclidean spacetime where the current universe finished its existence, and due to the invariance of the de Sitter regime with respect to Wick rotation, the next universe starts its life with de Sitter inflation in Lorentzian spacetime. Such a scenario assumes that a permanent process of birth, death and rebirth of an infinite sequence of universes takes place on an infinite time axis.
African Swine Fever Vaccine Candidate ASFV-G-ΔI177L Produced in the Swine Macrophage-Derived Cell Line IPKM Remains Genetically Stable and Protective against Homologous Virulent Challenge
Authors: Borca Manuel V. , Rai Ayushi , Espinoza Nallely , Ramirez-Medina Elizabeth , Spinard Edward , Velazquez-Salinas Lauro , Valladares Alyssa , Silva Ediane , Burton Leeanna , Meyers Amanda , Gay Cyril G. , Gladue Douglas P.
Published: October 2023

ASFV vaccine candidate ASFV-G-ΔI177L has been shown to be highly efficacious in inducing protection against challenges with the parental virus, the Georgia 2010 isolate, as well as against field strains isolated from Vietnam. ASFV-G-ΔI177L has been shown to produce protection even when used at low doses (102 HAD50) and shows no residual virulence even when administered at high doses (106 HAD50) or evaluated for a relatively long period of time (6 months). ASFV-G-ΔI177L stocks can only be massively produced in primary cell macrophages. Alternatively, its modified version (ASFV-G-ΔI177L/ΔLVR) grows in a swine-derived cell line (PIPEC), acquiring significant genomic modifications. We present here the development of ASFV-G-ΔI177L stocks in a swine macrophage cell line, IPKM, and its protective efficacy when evaluated in domestic pigs. Successive passing of ASFV-G-ΔI177L in IPKM cells produces minimal genomic changes. Interestingly, a stock of ASFV-G-ΔI177L obtained after 10 passages (ASFV-G-ΔI177Lp10) in IPKM cells showed very small genomic changes when compared with the original virus stock. ASFV-G-ΔI177Lp10 conserves similar growth kinetics in primary swine macrophage cultures than the original parental virus ASFV-G-ΔI177L. Pigs infected with 103 HAD50 of ASFV-G-ΔI177Lp10 developed a strong virus-specific antibody response and were completely protected against the challenge with the parental virulent field isolate Georgia 2010. Therefore, IPKM cells could be an effective alternative for the production of ASFV vaccine stocks for those vaccine candidates exclusively growing in swine macrophages.
Identification of Multiple Novel Viruses in Fecal Samples of Black-Necked Cranes Using Viral Metagenomic Methods
Authors: Zhao Qifan , Zhao Ran , Sun Yijie , Ji Li , Xi Yuan , Wang Xiaochun , Shen Quan , Ji Likai , Wang Yan , You Zhenqiang , Yang Shixing , Zhang Wen
Published: October 2023

The black-necked crane is the only species of crane that lives in the high-altitude region of the Tibet Plateau. At present, there is little research on viral diseases of the black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis). In this study, a viral metagenomic approach was employed to investigate the fecal virome of black-necked cranes in Saga County, Shigatse City, Tibet, China. The identified virus families carried by black-necked cranes mainly include Genomoviridae, Parvoviridae, and Picornaviridae. The percentages of sequence reads belonging to these three virus families were 1.6%, 3.1%, and 93.7%, respectively. Among them, one genome was characterized as a novel species in the genus Grusopivirus of the family Picornaviridae, four new parvovirus genomes were obtained and classified into four different novel species within the genus Chaphamaparvovirus of the subfamily Hamaparvovirinae, and four novel genomovirus genomes were also acquired and identified as members of three different species, including Gemykroznavirus haeme1, Gemycircularvirus ptero6, and Gemycircularvirus ptero10. All of these viruses were firstly detected in fecal samples of black-necked cranes. This study provides valuable information for understanding the viral community composition in the digestive tract of black-necked cranes in Tibet, which can be used for monitoring, preventing, and treating potential viral diseases in black-necked cranes.
High-Performance Catalytic Wet Oxidation of Excess Activated Sludge Derived from Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment Process over a Cu/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Chu Shangye , Zeng Xu , Lin Hai , Zhu Yuting
Published: October 2023

The performance of catalytic wet oxidation of excess activated sludge derived from pharmaceutical wastewater treatment over a Cu/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was investigated. The experiments were performed with a stainless steel autoclave reactor by using the prepared Cu/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. The effects of reaction conditions were examined, including additional catalyst amount, reaction temperature, time, and initial oxygen pressure. Results demonstrated that the catalyst, fabricated via co-precipitating method, has excellent catalytic performance. Through the study on condition optimization, the highest removal rates of volatile suspended solids (VSS, 93.6%) and total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD, 76.5%) were acquired with the reaction temperature 260 °C, time 60 min, initial oxygen pressure 1.0 MPa, and the prepared catalyst 5.0 g/L. The volatile fatty acids (VFAs) produced from the wet oxidation of sludge included acetic (mainly), propanoic, isobutyric, and isovaleric acids, which have great potential for the utilization as organic carbon sources in biological wastewater treatment plant. These results demonstrated that the proposed method, catalytic wet oxidation over Cu/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, is effective for treating excess activated sludge and resource utilization of organic carbon in the sludge.
Applying Multivariate Analysis and Machine Learning Approaches to Evaluating Groundwater Quality on the Kairouan Plain, Tunisia
Authors: Salem Sarra , Gaagai Aissam , Ben Slimene Imed , Moussa Amor , Zouari Kamel , Yadav Krishna , Eid Mohamed , Abukhadra Mostafa , El-Sherbeeny Ahmed , Gad Mohamed , Farouk Mohamed , Elsherbiny Osama , Elsayed Salah , Bellucci Stefano , Ibrahim Hekmat
Published: October 2023

In the Zeroud basin, a diverse array of methodologies were employed to assess, simulate, and predict the quality of groundwater intended for irrigation. These methodologies included the irrigation water quality indices (IWQIs); intricate statistical analysis involving multiple variables, supported with GIS techniques; an artificial neural network (ANN) model; and an XGBoost regression model. Extensive physicochemical examinations were performed on groundwater samples to elucidate their compositional attributes. The results showed that the abundance order of ions was Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ and SO42− > HCO3− > Cl−. The groundwater facies reflected Ca-Mg-SO4, Na-Cl, and mixed Ca-Mg-Cl/SO4 water types. A cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA), along with ionic ratios, detected three different water characteristics. The mechanisms controlling water chemistry revealed water–rock interaction, dolomite dissolution, evaporation, and ion exchange. The assessment of groundwater quality for agriculture with respect IWQIs, such as the irrigation water quality index (IWQI), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (Na%), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), potential salinity (PS), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC), revealed that the domination of the water samples was valuable for agriculture. However, the IWQI and PS fell between high-to-severe restrictions and injurious-to-unsatisfactory. The ANN and XGBoost regression models showed robust results for predicting IWQIs. For example, ANN-HyC-9 emerged as the most precise forecasting framework according to its outcomes, as it showcased the most robust link between prime attributes and IWQI. The nine attributes of this model hold immense significance in IWQI prediction. The R2 values for its training and testing data stood at 0.999 (RMSE = 0.375) and 0.823 (RMSE = 3.168), respectively. These findings indicate that XGB-HyC-3 emerged as the most accurate forecasting model, displaying a stronger connection between IWQI and its exceptional characteristics. When predicting IWQI, approximately three of the model’s attributes played a pivotal role. Notably, the model yielded R2 values of 0.999 (RMSE = 0.001) and 0.913 (RMSE = 2.217) for the training and testing datasets, respectively. Overall, these results offer significant details for decision-makers in managing water quality and can support the long-term use of water resources.
Minimally Active Neutralization of Acid Mine Drainage through the Monte Carlo Method
Authors: Castro Huaman Kevinstiv , Vasquez Olivera Yaneth , Aramburu Rojas Vidal , Arauzo Luis , Raymundo Ibañez Carlos , Dominguez Francisco
Published: October 2023

The necessity of mining valuable metals must be balanced with the safe and effective disposal or remediation of the resulting waste. Water, one of our most valuable resources, is a major component of the mining process, and its post-operation storage often results in acid mine drainage. While many remediation methods have been studied, they have low economic feasibility, as minimally active methods alone were inadequate, and thus required additional, costly active methods for effective neutralization. This study looks to neutralize acid mine drainage with only minimally passive methods, through an optimized dosage of lime, fly ash, and aluminum hydroxide. Wastewater samples of pH 3.62 and 5.03, containing 1.36 and 2.21 percent sulfides, respectively, were experimentally treated, with the utilized dosage parameters generated using the Monte Carlo method for neutralizing acidity. The remediated water samples presented 0.01% and 0.16% sulfur content values, which corresponds to 99.3% and 92.8% reductions, respectively. These results present, for the first time, that minimally active methods could achieve a pH of 8.5 without active methods. While future studies should validate these results and provide a more complete characterization of the water samples, the major challenge of neutralization was addressed, and, thus, these results contribute process incentives for mining companies to economically remediate their waste water in order to safeguard their surrounding communities and return valuable water back to the water cycle.
Discovery of Environmental Nanoparticles in a Mineral Water Spring from Yiyuan County, Shandong Province, Eastern China: A New Form of Elements in Mineral Water
Authors: Liu Rui , Zhao Zhiqiang , Lv Minghui , Wang Hongwei , Li Lixia , Gang Shenting , Zuo Lei , Zhang Peng , Wang Yaqin , Li Changsuo , Lu Qianqian
Published: October 2023

Environmental nanoparticles are known to be present in various aquatic environments, exerting significant influences on water quality, particularly in water distribution systems. However, there has been a notable dearth of research on the presence and impact of environmental nanoparticles in mineral water, a unique water resource. In this study, we employed Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) and conducted High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) to address this research gap. This groundbreaking study represents the first comprehensive exploration of environmental nanoparticles within natural mineral water from Zibo City, Shandong Province, China. The results of the NTA showed that the concentration of the particles was 5.5 × 105 particles/mL and the peak diameter of the size distribution was 180 nm. The HRTEM showed that the nanoparticles were granular, pinniform, rodlike, and flakey in shape, and some of the nanoparticles existed in aggregation. The energy-dispersive spectrometry results showed that most of the nanoparticles contained O, Mg, Ca, Si, Fe, Ti, and P, and some of them also contained F, V, S, and Mn. When combined with the characteristics of the selected area electron diffraction pattern, the nanoparticles were confirmed to be Ca-bearing nanoparticles, attapulgite nanorods, MnO2 nanosheets, and TiO2 nanoparticles. These findings shed light on a novel manifestation of elemental compositions in mineral water. Furthermore, considering the chemical and physical attributes of both the nanoparticles and mineral water, it is highly plausible that these environmental nanoparticles result from the weathering of minerals. The presence of these nanoparticles within mineral water offers a unique opportunity to advance our comprehension of nanoparticle behavior across diverse systems. Significantly, the realm of environmental nanoparticle science holds paramount importance for ongoing endeavors in ensuring water safety, enhancing treatment processes, and facilitating effective remediation procedures.
Sorption of Selenium(IV) and Selenium(VI) onto Iron Oxide/Hydroxide-Based Carbon Materials: Activated Carbon and Carbon Foam
Authors: López-Toyos Lucia , Rodríguez Elena , García Roberto , Martínez-Tarazona Maria Rosa , López-Antón Maria Antonia
Published: October 2023

Selenium pollution in water is a worldwide issue. Se(IV) and Se(VI) are mainly found in contaminated water due to their high solubility and mobility; their presence poses a serious risk as they can severely harm human health. Although iron oxide and hydroxide nanoparticles can be efficient candidates for the removal of selenium oxyanions due to their high adsorption capacity, the role of each iron species has not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, iron species are often found to be less effective for Se(VI) than Se(IV). The challenge and novelty of this study was to develop a carbon material impregnated with different iron phases, including oxides (magnetite/hematite) and hydroxides (goethite/lepidocrocite) capable of removing both Se(IV) and Se(VI). Since the phase and morphology of the iron nanoparticles play a significant role in Se adsorption, the study evaluated both characteristics by modifying the impregnation method, which is based on an oxidative hydrolysis with FeSO4 7H2O and CH3COONa, and the type of carbonaceous support (activated carbon or sucrose-based carbon foam). Impregnated activated carbons provide better removal efficiencies (70–80%) than carbon foams (<40%), due to their high surface areas and point zero charges. These results show that the adsorption of Se(VI) is more favorable on magnetic oxides (78%) and hydroxides (71%) than in hematite (<40%). In addition, the activated carbon decorated with magnetite showed a high adsorption capacity for both selenium species, even in alkaline conditions, when the sorbent surface is negatively charged. A mechanism based on the adsorption of inner-sphere complexes was suggested for Se(IV) immobilization, whereas Se(VI) removal occurred through the formation of outer-sphere complexes and redox processes.
Ground Penetrating Radar Image Recognition for Earth Dam Disease Based on You Only Look Once v5s Algorithm
Authors: Xue Binghan , Gao Jianglin , Hu Songtao , Li Yan , Chen Jianguo , Pang Rui
Published: October 2023

The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method is a commonly used method for earth dam disease detection. However, the major challenge is that the obtained GPR image data of earth dam disease mainly relies on human judgment, especially in long-distance earth dam disease detection, which may lead to misjudgments and omissions. The You Only Look Once v5s (YOLOv5s) algorithm is innovatively employed for GPR image recognition to address the current challenge. The YOLOv5s neural network model has advantages over the traditional convolutional neural network in terms of object detection speed and accuracy. In this study, an earth dam disease detection model was established based on YOLOv5s. Raw images from actual earth dam disease detection and GPR forward simulation images were used as the initial dataset. Data augmentation techniques were applied to expand the original dataset. The LabelImg annotation tool was employed to classify and label earth dam disease, thereby creating an object detection dataset that includes earth dam disease features. The model was trained within this dataset. The results indicate that the total loss function of the model trained on the custom dataset initially decreases and then stabilizes, showing no signs of overfitting and demonstrating good generalizability. The earth dam disease detection model based on YOLOv5s achieved average precision rates of 96.0%, 95.5%, and 93.9% for voids, seepage, and loosening disease, respectively. It can be concluded that the earth dam disease detection model based on YOLOv5s may be an effective tool for intelligent GPR image recognition in identifying earth dam disease.
Chemical Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Shallow Groundwater in the Lower Reaches of Changhua River Basin, Hainan Island, China
Authors: Wang Dun , Zhang Lizhong , Pei Lixin , Li Xiwen , Yang Yamin , Chen Zeheng , Liang Linde
Published: October 2023

In order to ensure a sustainable water resource for residents of the lower reaches of the Changhua River on Hainan Island, it is crucial to understand the chemical characteristics and formation mechanisms of their shallow groundwater. To achieve this, we collected and analyzed 100 groundwater samples using various methods. Our findings indicate that the groundwater is generally near-neutral to weakly alkaline, suggesting an oxidized environment. We identified 56 chemical types, with Ca•Na-HCO3 and Ca-HCO3 being the most common. Water–rock interactions—particularly with silicate rocks—are the primary factor influencing the water’s chemical characteristics, with Na+ and K+ coming from the leaching of silicate rocks, and Ca2+ and Mg2+ originating from the dissolution of carbonate rocks. Unfortunately, human activities such as agricultural practices and domestic sewage have had a significant impact on the groundwater, with NO3− levels surpassing SO42− in most samples. These findings provide valuable insights into the development and protection of the shallow groundwater in this area.
Assessing Flood Risk: LH-Moments Method and Univariate Probability Distributions in Flood Frequency Analysis
Authors: Ilinca Cornel , Stanca Stefan Ciprian , Anghel Cristian Gabriel
Published: October 2023

This study examines all of the equations necessary to derive the parameters for seven probability distributions of three parameters typically used in flood frequency research, namely the Pearson III (PE3), the generalized extreme value (GEV), the Weibull (W3), the log-normal (LN3), the generalized Pareto Type II (PG), the Rayleigh (RY) and the log-logistic (LL3) distributions, using the higher-order linear moments method (LH-moments). The analysis represents the expansion of previous research whose results were presented in previous materials, and is part of hydrological research aimed at developing a standard for calculating maximum flows based on L-moments and LH-moments. The given methods for calculating the parameters of the examined distributions are used to calculate the maximum flows on Romania’s Prigor River. For both methods, the criterion for selecting the most suitable distribution is represented by the diagram of the L-skewness–L-kurtosis and LH-skewness–LH-kurtosis. The results for Prigor River show that the PG distribution is the best model for the L-moments method, the theoretical values of the statistical indicators being 0.399 and 0.221. The RY distribution is the best model for the LH-moments technique, with values of 0.398 and 0.192 for the two statistical indicators.
Integrated Modeling of Hybrid Nanofiltration/Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant Using Deep Learning-Based Crow Search Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Abba Sani. I. , Usman Jamilu , Abdulazeez Ismail , Lawal Dahiru U. , Baig Nadeem , Usman A. G. , Aljundi Isam H.
Published: October 2023

The need for reliable, state-of-the-art environmental investigations and pioneering approaches to address pressing ecological dilemmas and to nurture the sustainable development goals (SDGs) cannot be overstated. With the power to revolutionize desalination processes, artificial intelligence (AI) models hold the potential to address global water scarcity challenges and contribute to a more sustainable and resilient future. The realm of desalination has exhibited a mounting inclination toward modeling the efficacy of the hybrid nanofiltration/reverse osmosis (NF–RO) process. In this research, the performance of NF–RO based on permeate conductivity was developed using deep learning long short-term memory (LSTM) integrated with an optimized metaheuristic crow search algorithm (CSA) (LSTM-CSA). Before model development, an uncertainty Monte Carlo simulation was adopted to evaluate the uncertainty attributed to the prediction. The results based on several performance statistical criteria (root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE)) demonstrated the reliability of both LSTM (RMSE = 0.1971, MAE = 0.2022) and the LSTM-CSA (RMSE = 0.1890, MAE = 0.1420), with the latter achieving the highest accuracy. The accuracy was also evaluated using new 2D graphical visualization, including a cumulative distribution function (CDF) and fan plot to justify the other evaluation indicators such as standard deviation and determination coefficients. The outcomes proved that AI could optimize energy usage, identify energy-saving opportunities, and suggest more sustainable operating strategies. Additionally, AI can aid in developing advanced brine treatment techniques, facilitating the extraction of valuable resources from the brine, thus minimizing waste and maximizing resource utilization.
Combining Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses to Investigate the Acute Effects of Microcystin-LR and Nanoplastics of Asian Clams
Authors: Zhang Jiahua , Wang Jie , Liu Shikun , Zhou Yin , Liu Xingguo
Published: October 2023

In agricultural and fishery production, the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms and the contamination of freshwater systems with microplastics have become increasingly important research focuses. However, the individual and combined toxic mechanisms of these two pollutants are not yet fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the effects of these two stressors, microcystins (MC) and nanoplastics (NP), on the transcriptome and metabolome of the hepatopancreas of river clams. RNA and metabolites extracted from river clams treated with MC, NP, and a combination of MC and NP were used to construct standardized cDNA libraries, which were then subjected to integrated analysis. Significant enrichment of 49 pathways, 34 pathways, and 44 pathways was observed in the MC group compared to the control group, NP group compared to the control group, and NP-MC group compared to the control group, respectively. In these three experimental groups, we found that the lysosome pathway, which affects immune function and cell apoptosis, was enriched with numerous differentially expressed genes and metabolites. Changes in ATP6N and ADP may impair lysosomal acidification and disrupt normal lysosomal degradation processes, indicating interference with the hepatopancreatic metabolism of pollutants. Interestingly, we observed significant alterations in the cathepsin family, and the downregulation of cathepsin genes, along with the downregulation of ATP6N, implies a potential disruption in lysosomal proteolysis. In the NP-MC group, the downregulation of purine expression levels suggests an impact on the immune system of river clams by NP-MC. In conclusion, while there is some overlap in the damage caused to the hepatopancreas of river clams by MCs, MPs, and the combination of NP-MC, further research is necessary to fully understand their effects.
Monitoring Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Yellow River Estuary and Its Vicinity Waters on the Basis of SDGSAT-1 Multispectral Imager
Authors: Hou Yingzhuo , Xing Qianguo , Zheng Xiangyang , Sheng Dezhi , Wang Futao
Published: October 2023

Suspended sediments have profound impacts on marine primary productivity and the ecological environment. The Yellow River estuary and its vicinity waters, with a high dynamic range of suspended sediment concentration (SSC), have important eco-environmental functions for the sustainable development in this region. The multispectral imager (MI) on board China’s first Sustainable Development Goals Science Satellite 1 (SDGSAT-1) features seven high-resolution bands (10 m). This study employs multispectral imagery obtained from SDGSAT-1 with single-band and band-ratio models to monitor the SSC in the Yellow River estuary and its vicinity waters. The results show that SDGSAT-1 images can be used to estimate the SSC in the Yellow River estuary and its vicinity waters. The overall pattern of the SSC exhibits a notable pattern of higher concentrations in nearshore areas and lower concentrations in offshore areas, and the retrieved SSC can attain values surpassing 1000 mg/L in nearshore areas. The R2 values of both the single-band and the band-ratio models for SSC inversion exceed 0.7. The single-band model R(854) demonstrates superior performance, achieving the highest R2 value of 0.93 and the lowest mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 44.04%. The single-band model based on SDGSAT-1 R(854) tends to outperform the band-ratio models for waters with algal blooms, which may be used for inversions of SSC and/or suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the waters full of algal blooms and suspended sediments. The monitoring results by SDGSAT-1 suggest that the complex SSC distributions in the Yellow River estuary and its vicinity waters were highly impacted by the river sediments discharge, tide, currents and wind-induced waves.
The Synergy of Water Resource Agglomeration and Innovative Conservation Technologies on Provincial and Regional Water Usage Efficiency in China: A Super SBM-DEA Approach
Authors: Yasmeen Rizwana , Hao Gang , Ye Yusen , Shah Wasi Ul Hassan , Tang Caihong
Published: October 2023

China is currently facing the significant task of effectively managing its water resources to satisfy the rising needs while grappling with the growing worries of water shortage. In this context, it becomes crucial to comprehend the importance of resource agglomeration and technological adoption. Thus, this research examines the relationship between water resource agglomeration and the adoption of innovative conservation technologies in enhancing water usage efficiency at provincial and regional levels in China (2006–2020). In the first stage, the study utilizes a super SBM-Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology to evaluate the water usage efficiency of China’s provinces and regions. In the second stage, we find the dynamic nexuses between water resources, water technologies (recycling, sprinkler irrigation) and water usage efficiency by applying a systematic econometric approach. SBM-DEA analysis revealed that Beijing (1.08), Shaanxi (1.01), Shanghai (1.23) and Tianjin (1.01) remained the higher efficient over the years. Six provinces (Guangdong, Shandong, Jiangsu, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, and Zhejiang) are in the middle ranges (0.55–0.83). In contrast, nineteen provinces have the lowest water usage efficiency (0.21–049). Qinghai and Ningxia are on the lowest rank (0.21) and (0.22), respectively. The findings recommended that the water resources impact is negative. In comparison, the impact of water-saving mechanisms on the efficiency of water usage seems to be positive, as recycling technology significantly enhances the water usage efficiency in China’s province. The study found that GDP growth has a negative impact on water usage efficiency in the early stages of economic development. Still, as economies mature, this negative impact diminishes, indicating a tendency to allocate more resources to water conservation and efficiency. Water recycling technology, the modernization of irrigation methods, and water resource management can enhance water efficiency.
Clinical Features of BoDV-1 Encephalitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Riccò Matteo , Corrado Silvia , Marchesi Federico , Bottazzoli Marco
Published: October 2023

Human cases of fatal encephalitis caused by Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) have been increasingly reported. We envisaged the present systematic review in order to provide a comprehensive summary of clinical features associated with BoDV-1 encephalitis. Systematic research of four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, MedRxiv, BioRxiv) was performed during July 2023, and corresponding clinical and epidemiological data were collected and analyzed. A total of 37 BoDV-1 encephalitis cases from 15 different study cases and two countries (Germany, No. 35; France, No. 2) were detected, and their features were summarized (case fatality ratio, 91.9%). Age distribution followed a “U-shaped” distribution, with a first peak in individuals younger than 14 years (18.9%) and the second one in subjects older than 50 years (43.2%). Environmental risk factors were irregularly reported, but 17 out of 37 cases either lived in rural areas or reported repeated outdoor activities (45.9%). Interaction with pets and livestock was reported in eight cases (21.6%), stressing the zoonotic potential of BoDV-1 infections. Moreover, 16.2% of cases were reported among recipients of solid organ transplantations (five kidneys; one liver). Overall survival in children/adolescents vs. adults (≥18 years) was not significantly different (Hazard Ratio 0.878; 95% Confidence Interval from 0.366 to 2.105). Magnetic Resonance Imaging identified the involvement of basal ganglia, mostly of the caudate nucleus (42.4%) and thalamus (33.3%). Cerebrospinal fluid was often characterized by pleocytosis (78.4%). On the other hand, no distinctive clinical features were identified: initial symptoms were specific and included headache, fever, and confusion. In conclusion, BoDV-1 infection can result in fatal encephalitis, whose actual burden still remains unascertained. As the epidemiology of BoDV-1 is similarly elusive, encephalitis cases of unclear cause should be routinely tested for bornaviruses.
Western carrot and whip Diplomacy for Serbia
Authors:   Information Center for International Security Issues, Moscow, Academy of Military Sciences, League of Military Diplomats., Bartosh A. A.
Published: October 2023

The multi-vector policy of the Serbian leadership makes it possible to maintain a delicate balance of relations with the West and the East — the European Union and Russia. Serbia, as a key country in the Balkan region, is experiencing tremendous pressure from Euro-American "well-wishers" to join the anti-Russian sanctions and sign the peace plan proposed by France and Germany to normalize the situation in Kosovo and Metohija. Serbia is successfully diversifying its relations with Russia and with other countries outside the Western bloc. At the same time, Belgrade in certain areas is forced to follow the policy of the collective West. This is done largely in connection with pragmatic goals — obtaining economic benefi ts from ties with EU countries and the West in general, adhering to such values and actively promoting them. At the same time, in order to speed up the process of subordinating Belgrade to the demands of Washington and Brussels, a hybrid war is already being waged against Serbia today with the threat of unleashing a proxy war and a color revolution. The eff orts of external and internal opponents of the current leadership of Serbia and its political line to preserve the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country form the necessary and suffi cient conditions for the use of modern strategies and technologies of interstate confrontation. The proxy war strategy provides for the possibility of using the self-proclaimed “Republic of Kosovo” as a proxy agent for the US and NATO for a military attack on Belgrade. At the same time, preparations are underway for a coup d'état in the course of a color revolution in order to bring to power a government manipulated by the West. Practical recommendations are given for organizing a rebuff to hybrid aggression.
Spitsbergen in the modern foreign affairs of Russia
Authors:   State company Trust Arktikugol, Moscow, Slyunyaeva D. E.
Published: October 2023

Spitsbergen as a part of Arctic plays an important role in the strengthening of Russia’s positions in the region. Arctic is one of regional priorities of Russia’s foreign policy. The Strategy for development of Russian Arctic Zone 2035 says «presence on Spitsbergen on condition of equal and mutually beneficial cooperation with Norway and other signatories of Spitsbergen Treaty 1920» is a measure for development of international relations. Today signatories to the Treaty interpret differently a unique regulatory framework, which secures Norway’s sovereignty and allows other nations conduct economic activities. Nowadays, the Spitsbergen problem is that Norway attempts to establish an absolute and full sovereignty over archipelago by imposing restrictions and avoiding discussions with other signatories. In the light of changing world order Norway may initiate revision or cancelation of the Treaty 1920 which is a rudiment of Versailles-Washington system. Back then the document was signed in the context of changing world order. Thus, Russia is going to strengthen its presence on archipelago both politically and economically.
APPLICATION OF DATA ANALYSIS IN ENSURING ROAD SAFETY IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Authors:   Don State Technical University, ZIMING JIN
Published: October 2023

This article examines the methods of ensuring road safety using in-depth data analysis, including the analysis of factors affecting car accidents, as well as innovative approaches to the application of deep data analysis technology in the field of road safety. These studies provide new directions and research methods for transportation safety management and the protection of life and property of the public.
PROBLEMS OF THE IMPACT OF MOTOR TRANSPORT ON THE ECOLOGY OF THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM
Authors:   Kuban State Technological University, KONOVALOVA T.V. , MIROTIN L.B. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road State  Technical University, LEBEDEV E.A. ,   Kuban State Technological University, NADIRYAN S.L. ,   Kuban State Technological University, SOSKOVA V.V. ,   Kuban State Technological University
Published: October 2023

The results of scientific and applied research of transport support for the economic activity of the Krasnodar Territory, as a tourist and agricultural region and a transport hub in the south of Russia, which has the infrastructure of all types of transport, are presented. The problems of the negative impact of the transport complex on the sanatorium-resort and tourist territory of the region are shown. Ways to reduce the environmental, social and transport burden on its densely populated and coastal territories are proposed
Avaliação da exposição e do risco toxicológico ocupacional na fabricação de medicamento
Authors: Dos Santos Andresa Gomes , Colombo Karina Graziella Fiametti
Published: October 2023

Os limites de exposição ocupacional ambientais são estabelecidos tendo por base informações provenientes de experiências em indústrias, estudos em humanos ou em animais e, sempre que possível, a combinação destas três experiências. Ao estabelecer os limites, levam-se em conta tão somente os dados referentes à ciência da saúde (e não à viabilidade técnica e econômica). O objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer um monitoramento para o limite de exposição ocupacional (LEO) aos ingredientes farmacêuticos ativos (IFA) nas instalações de fabricação de medicamentos de uma empresa na região oeste do Paraná. Através de uma revisão de literatura relativa à exposição ocupacional a substâncias químicas, referentes a: conceituação de risco; toxicologia; conceitos de exposição; monitoração ocupacional, obeteve-se um valor de exposição ocupacional seguro através de uma avaliação toxicológica baseado em saúde, para determinação do limite de exposição ocupacional (LEO) para o ingrediente farmacêutico ativo de interesse Amoxicilina. O objetivo é avaliar dados farmacológicos e toxicológicos da substância ativa Amoxicilina para determinar o seu LEO específico, ou seja, o limite de exposição ocupacional por parte de um trabalhador, exposto (via respiratória) de 8 horas (média de 10 m3 de ar respirado/8h) em uma semana de trabalho de 40 horas à referida substância (Amoxicilina), que improvavelmente causarão efeitos adversos, considerando-se que os LEOs protegem trabalhadores saudáveis, com idades entre 18 e 65 anos e expostos ao longo de 40 anos de vida profissional. O limite de LEO estabelecido será usado como um gerenciamento de risco que é garantir que a exposição de um trabalhador por contato direto/inalação é mantida abaixo do limite aceitável baseado na saúde. O cenário ideal para se ter um ambiente de trabalho seguro, seria a somatória das ações: obtenção do limite de exposição ocupacional (LEO), a execução das normas regulamentadoras vigentes e obrigatórias, a aplicação da avaliação qualitativa, quantitativa e procedimentos operacionais padrão e, por fim, o investimento no desenvolvimento de metodologia de amostragem e analítica são ações necessárias para se ter um ambiente seguro de trabalho.
Photodetectors Based on Graphene–Semiconductor Hybrid Structures: Recent Progress and Future Outlook
Authors: Fu Jintao , Nie Changbin , Sun Feiying , Li Genglin , Wei Xingzhan
Published: October 2023

The integration of graphene and semiconductor leverages the distinct advantages of different materials and unleashes promising photoresponse generation phenomena, thereby facilitating the advancement of high-performance photodetectors. Notably, the van der Waals interaction enables the combination of graphene with diverse semiconductors, transcending epitaxial lattice matching limitations and offering unprecedented degrees of freedom in materials selection. Moreover, the ongoing development of growth and transfer techniques has also allowed graphene to be merged into existing mature semiconductor processes for large-area image sensors. Here, a review of graphene–semiconductor hybrid photodetectors is presented, aiming to contribute to the broader understanding of these intriguing devices and inspire further research in this exciting field. Firstly, the working principles and device configurations of the graphene–semiconductor hybrid photodetectors are introduced. Subsequently, recent progress in photodetectors featuring graphene–semiconductor hybrid structures is summarized, which showcases the cutting-edge achievements and breakthroughs. Finally, the remaining challenges in this type of device are analyzed, and future development prospects are also highlighted.