bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Genesis of Corruption—the Dominant Features of Contemporary Societies of the Colonial Past Inheritance
Authors: Kuka Miroslav
Published: August 2021

One of the most significant characteristics of the contemporary society is the continuous and an intense social change. This continuous social change initiates a special subject of research into social practice, which envisages in social innovations, influencing to change the life style of citizens of a society. Social innovations are encouraged through the interaction of the institutional networks and individuals and changes can be visible in practice, processes, business models, and organizational forms, all in order to respond to a social problem. In addition to historical and political conditions, social innovations are also determined through cultural patterns, in a manner that not every social innovation will aim to develop potential and seek to answers to social problems. In contemporary societies of the 21st century with a colonial past (inheritance), the inherited cultural and historical patterns are just the crucial components which creating social problems, by developing organizational models of corruption, as a parallel form of functioning of the rule of law. The institutional practice within the Serbian institutions through a direct research in the form of this paper, considering period from 2009 to 2021, serves to analyze the genesis of the emergence and development of corruption, i.e., an illegal use of the system of positions (status) for the purpose of gaining one's own benefit and collapsing the rule of law. Simultaneously, the paper provides with a hypothetical answer to explain how corruption, as the primary form of a social innovation in the countries of “colonial democracy inheritance”, can potentially suppress.
Groundwater quality evaluation for irrigation, Modjo River catchment, a wash basin, Central Ethiopia
Authors: Negash Bedaso Dalecha
Published: August 2021

Irrigated agriculture is dependent on an adequate water supply of usable quality. Water containing impurities, which are injurious to plant growth, are not satisfactory for irrigation. Water quality for agricultural purposes is determined on the basis of the effects of the water on the quality and yield of the crops, as well as the effects on drainage efficiency and characteristic changes in the soil [16]. This study aims to assess the quality of groundwater in Modjo river catchment for irrigation. Hence, the groundwater samples were collected from well and borehole situated at different site within the catchment to analyze for necessary parameters. Consequently, in-situ measurements such as; EC, pH and TDS were carried out in the field inventory using portable ( pH) meters, whereas major ions are analyzed in Sinana Agricultural Research Center Soil laboratory. The chemical analysis of the samples shows that Na-Ca-HCO3 water type in the recharge area, intermediate water type Ca-Mg-Na HCO3 in northern and central part of the area and Ca-Mg-HCO3 water type towards the east of the subbasin. Most of the water in the study area is clustered as Calcium-Sodium-Magnesium-Bicarbonate type, which is characterized by a high concentration of HCO3 and Ca. Generally water quality analysis shows that as the concentrations in the water sample is below the maximum allowable limits for irrigation (i.e.EC<2000 µS/cm and SAR<9) and therefore the groundwater could be used safely for irrigation.
The Map and the Territory
Authors: Munro Michael
Published: August 2021

“I didn’t even know that was a question I could ask.” That remark from a student in an introductory philosophy course points to the primary body of knowledge philosophy produces: a detailed record of what we do not know. When we come to view a philosophical question as well-formed and worthwhile, it is a way of providing as specific a description as we can of something we do not know. The creation or discovery of such questions is like noting a landmark in a territory we’re exploring. When we identify reasonable, if conflicting, answers to this question, we are noting routes to and away from that landmark. And since proposed answers to philosophical questions often contain implied answers to other philosophical questions, those routes connect different landmarks.

The result is a kind of map: a map of the unknown.

Yet when it comes to the unknown, and all the more so to its cartography, might it not make sense to take our orientation from Borges: What’s in question here, with respect to philosophical questions, is an incipient, unlocalizable threshold—a terrain neither subjective, nor entirely objective, one neither of representation, nor finally of simple immediacy—there where the map perceptibly fails to diverge from the territory. Amid Inclemencies of weather and fringed, as per Borges, with ruin and singular figures—with Animals and Beggars—what’s enclosed is an attempt to chart the contours of this curious immanence.
Frequency of Neonatal Hypoglycemia Among Women Diagnosed with Maternal Hyperglycemia
Authors: Ashraf Humaira , Rana Mehreen Yousaf , Rehman Afra , Mahmood Anila
Published: August 2021

Objective: To determine frequency of neonatal hypoglycemia, in maternal hyperglycemia Subject and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at department of Pathology with collaboration of gynae and OBS department of PNS SHIFA Karachi. Study duration was six months from March 2015 to August 2015. All pregnant women who reported at antenatal clinics of PNS SHIFA Hospital and diagnosed as the cases of hyperglycinemia were included in the study. Maternal blood glucose testing was done according to WHO guidelines i.e. fasting sample, ingestion of 75 g glucose, 01 h and 02 h sample for plasma glucose estimation. Neonatal blood glucose was checked immediately after birth by glucometer. All the data was collected via study proforma. Results: A total of 157 pregnant women were studied their average age was 28.20±4.67 years. Caesarean section was done in 62.4% cases and 58.6% babies were males. Neonatal hypoglycemia was observed among 24.8% of the cases. Neonatal hypoglycemia was statistically significant according to gestational age (p- 0.012), while statistically insignificant according to parity (p-0.184). Conclusion: As per study conclusion, the neonatal hypoglycemia was observed to be highly prevalent among neonates of diabetic mothers as 24.8%. It was found to be statistically significant according to gestational age. Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Neonates, Hypoglycemia
The Effect of an Educational Program on Fatigue Level Among Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Abdel-Azem Dalia Ibrahem Mustafa , Fouad Nawal Abdel Monem , Ibrahim Afaf
Published: August 2021

Background: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease that affect all aspects of the patients’ life causing multiple progressive symptoms; most common fatigue which leads to dependency of patients on their family for carrying out their daily routine activities. Aim: The present study aims at evaluating the effect of an educational program on fatigue level among multiple sclerosis patients. Design: A quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest was used. Setting: the study was conducted in multiple sclerosis outpatient clinic in El-Kasr El-Eini University Hospital. Sample: A convenient sample of (250) multiple sclerosis patients. Tools: Two tools were used: first tool was Structured MS patient dietary knowledge questionnaire, second tool was The Arabic Version of Modified Fatigue Impact Scale. Results: Showed a highly statistical negative correlation between dietary knowledge and cognitive, psychosocial fatigue among MS patients in pre, post and 3 months after implementation of the program. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that MS patients' dietary knowledge improved after application of the educational program as well as there was a decline in MS patients' fatigue level with statically significance differences between pre, post and 3 months after application of the program. Recommendation: Dissemination of dietary knowledge program among other multiple sclerosis patients. Keywords: Multiple sclerosis patients, dietary knowledge, fatigue
Correlation between selective motor control and upper extremity function in children with hemiparesis
Authors: Said Radwa Gomaa Abd El-Aziz , Elmonem Amira M. Abd- , Aly Maya G.
Published: August 2021

Background: Impairedselective motor control is a common problem in children with hemiparesis; it interferes with upper extremity function and grip strength of the affected side. Aim: To study the relationship between selective motor control and upper extremity function in children with hemiparesis. Methods: This study included a convenient sample of 48 children with hemiparesis (age; four to eight years). The test of arm selective control, quality of upper extremity skill test, and hand held dynamometers were used to assess the selective motor control, upper extremityfunction and hand grip strength respectively. Results: The results showed positive significant correlation (p> 0.05) between test of arm selective control with upper extremityfunction (r=0.85) and hand grip strength (r=0.77). Moreover, there was positive significant correlation between upper extremityfunction and hand grip strength (r=0.72). Conclusion: Selective motor control is positively correlated with upper extremityfunction and hand grip strength in children with hemiparesis. The results help in the development of appropriate treatment programs for the rehabilitation of children with hemiplegia. Keywords: Cerebral palsy; Hand grip strength; Selective motor control; Unilateral cerebral palsy; Upper extremity function.
A comparative study on the effects of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine on hemodynamic changes in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery in Al-Zahra Hospital in 2017
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Taghi , Masoudifar Mehrdad , Rahimi Zohreh
Published: August 2021

Background: Considering the importance of maintaining hemodynamic stability in the patient undergoing brain tumor surgery, this study aimed to compare the effects of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine on hemodynamic changes in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery. Methods: In a clinical trial study, 70 patients undergoing brain surgery were distributed in two groups of 35. The first group received 5 mg / kg fentanyl, and the second group received 1 mg / kg dexmedetomidine immediately after induction of anesthesia. During the operation, the patients were evaluated for hemodynamic parameters, blood gas levels and coagulation profile during operation and recovery and compared between the two groups. Findings: The mean changes of hemodynamic parameters was not differ between the two groups. Among blood gases HCO3had a higher level of in the dexmedotomidine group before, during and after surgery, and its changes during the study period were significant between the two groups (P <0.001). Also, PT level was higher in the dexmedmotidine group before surgery (P = 0.007), but its change was not significantly different during the study period (P = 0.14). Discussion: Our findings showed that the use of dexmeditomidine with more favorable hemodynamic stability, shorter hemodynamic presentation, and shorter duration of stay of patients undergoing cerebral surgery. Considering the serious side effects of doxedetomidine administration, it seems that the use of Dexmedetomidine is preferred in patients undergoing brain surgery than fentanyl. Keywords: Brain tumor, Dexmedmotidine, Fentanyl, Hemodynamic
Investigating the factors affecting exposure to catastrophic health expenditures among Lorestan households with cancer patients
Authors: Rezapour Aziz , Motlagh Soraya Nooraee , Teli Banafsheh Darvishi , Zadeh Negar Yousef , Fard Payam Haghighat
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The present study aims at investigating the most important factors affecting exposure to catastrophic health expenditures among Lorestan households with cancer patients. Methods: Data were collected from 220 households with cancer patients using a questionnaire of the World Health Organization entitled “Global Health Survey”. The research samples were selected through a convenience random sampling method and the researcher randomly interviewed patients who met the inclusion criteria and were willing to participate in the study. Excel software was used to clean data and Eviews and STSA14 software was used for estimation. Results: Based on the results of the study, 70% of households with cancer patients in the study population were exposed to catastrophic health expenditures. The values of Gini coefficient of income, health expenditure concentration index were estimated at 0.16 and 0.26 respectively. The Kakwani index value was estimated to be about 0.1, which showed a progressive trend in financing health expenditures. There was a significant relationship between the exposure to catastrophic health expenditures and the variables of household income status, age, household size, presence of people over 65 years in the household, employment status of the head of household, and type of treatment and cancer type. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, the rate of exposure to catastrophic health expenditures services in households with cancer patients is high. Thus, these households need more financial support and health system policymakers should increase their supportive policies for these patients by increasing insurance coverages, defining specific health care packages for people with cancer and thus reducing the expenditures of treating these patients. Keywords: Cancer, Household, Catastrophic Health Expenditures, Out-of-Pocket Payments
Antibiotic Prescribing in Outpatient Before and After Implementation of the Urban Family Physician and Referral System
Authors: Nabovati Ehsan , Mahmoudi Hamed , Abbasi Reza , Barzegari Saeed , Akbari Hossein , Farzandipour Mehrdad
Published: August 2021

Background The Family Physician and Referral System was piloted in Mazandaran and Fars provinces, Iran in 2012. The goal of this program was to improve the provision of health services including medication prescription. Objective This study aimed to determine the trends in antibiotic prescribing in outpatient before and after implementation of the Family Physician and Referral System in Babol, Iran from 2010 to 2018. Methods In this retrospective study, all prescriptions of urban family physicians in Babol, which were registered in the database of the Health Services Insurance Organization of Mazandaran province, were included. The trends of average number of items per prescription, percentage of antibiotics per prescription, frequency of antibiotic groups, and cost of antibiotics were calculated using SQL Server and IBM SPSS version 22. Results The average number of items per prescription was found to be 3.4±1.82, and 2.8±1.60, and percentage of antibiotics per prescription was 49% and 32% in 2010 and 2018, respectively. The most prescribed antibiotic groups were penicillin (54.8%) and cephalosporin (39.9%). Amoxicillin 500mg capsules (13.1%), metronidazole 250 mg (10.2%), and ciprofloxacin 500 mg (8.2%) were the most prescribed antibiotics. Also, the mean cost of prescriptions containing antibiotics compared to the total prescriptions had decreased from 22% in 2010 to 5.5% in 2018. Conclusion The pattern of medication prescription especially antibiotics, improved after the implementation of the Family Physician and Referral System. Due to the positive impact of the Family Physician and Referral System on medication prescription by physicians, we recommend the implementation of this program in low and middle-income countries. Keywords: Antibiotic, medication prescribing, Health system reform plan, Family physician, Trend
Associations Between Family Communication, Perceived Stress and Resilience with Life Satisfaction Among UPM Pre-University Students
Authors: Pour Manoochehr Taghi , Ismail Asmah , Jaafar Wan Marzuki Wan , Rajabi Gholamreza
Published: August 2021

Background: Alfred W. Adler (1870-1937), psychotherapist and founder of the school of individual psychology, believed that education, marriage, and job play important role in human development. Higher learning is a demanding and challenging period for students that can result in high rates of psychological distress affecting their life satisfaction. Aim: The research is to study the links between family communications, perceived stress and resilience with life satisfaction among pre-university students in UPM. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 310 (females 158 and 152 males) pre-university students from a public university in Malaysia. Four instruments were used in this research namely the Family Communication Scale (FCS, Olson et al., 2004), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS, Cohen et al., 1983) Resilience Scale (CD-RISC, Connor-Davidson, 2003) & The Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al. 1985). The data were analyzed using independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regressions. Results: The finding of this study revealed that there are simple and multiple relationships between family communications, perceived stress and resilience with life satisfaction among pre-university students. Conclusion: The research may guide university counselors to view adolescents’ life satisfaction holistically and assist them in developing preventive and intervention plans for the university new enrolled students. Also, the results will provide students with some knowledge on their life satisfaction and its effects on their future accomplishments. Keyword: Family Communication; Perceived Stress; Resilience; Life Satisfaction; Pre-University Students
Data Mining Approach to Analyze COVID-19 Clinical Dataset
Authors: Yazdani Azita , Ravangard Ramin , Sharifian Roxana
Published: August 2021

The new coronavirus has been spreading since the beginning of 2020 and many efforts have been made to develop vaccines to help patients recover. It is now clear that the world needs a rapid solution to curb the spread of COVID-19 worldwide with non-clinical approaches such as data mining, enhanced intelligence, and other artificial intelligence techniques. These approaches can be effective in reducing the burden on the health care system to provide the best possible way to diagnose and predict the COVID-19 epidemic. In this study, data mining models for early detection of Covid-19 in patients were developed using the epidemiological dataset of patients and individuals suspected of having Covid-19 in Iran. C4.5, support vector machine, Naive Bayes, logistic regression, Random Forest, and k-nearest neighbor algorithm were used directly on the dataset using Rapid miner to develop the models. By receiving clinical signs, this model diagnosis the risk of contracting the COVID-19 virus. Examination of the models in this study has shown that the support vector machine with 93.41% accuracy is more efficient in the diagnosis of patients with COVID-19 pandemic, which is the best model among other developed models. Keywords: COVID-19, Data mining, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Classification
Investigating the cytotoxicity of four types of freshly prepared root canal sealers using human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Mostajeran Ehsan , Asgarani Shirin , Razavian Hamid
Published: August 2021

Introduction: One of the most important characteristics of endodontic treatment seals is their biocompatibility. The aim of present study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of four types of freshly prepared root canal sealers using human gingival fibroblasts. Materials and Methods: In this experimental laboratory study, freshly prepared sealers were investigated. To investigate the cytotoxicity, each sample was extracted separately in RPMI-1640 (Sigma Aldrich-USA). Then, the resulting extracts were exposed to C165 fibroblast cells in culture medium for 1, 3 and 7 days. Then, the level of cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT colorimetric method based on the level of light absorption. In the present study, multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that the cytotoxicity of AH 26 and tgsealer sealers decreased and MTA Fillapex sealer increased over time. Also, Adseal sealer did not follow a logical trend but, in general, its cytotoxicity increased over time. In addition, based on mean of all data obtained from each sealer, MTA Fillapex had the lowest cytotoxicity and Adseal had the highest cytotoxicity, and AH 26 cytotoxicity was higher than that of tgsealer. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the MTA-based sealer of MTA Fillapex has the lowest cytotoxicity. Keywords: Root canal sealers, fibroblasts, freshly prepared roots
A Study on Frequency of Development of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Among Undergraduate Doctor of Physical Therapy Students
Authors: Riaz Saima , Zahra Anfal , Hashmi Zeest , Rashid Sajid , Khan Rehan Ramzan , Shabbir Amber
Published: August 2021

Objective: To find out the frequency of development of polycystic ovarian syndrome among undergraduate Doctor of Physical Therapy students. Methodos: It was a cross-sectional study. Data was collected from Riphah International University, Lahore. The study was conducted on 350 undergraduate doctor of physical therapy students. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was used. Sample collection was done based on pre defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Polycystic ovarian syndrome self-assessment form based on WHO guidelines was used. Collected data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 21. Results: The target population of research comprises of 350 participants. The mean age of students was 21.28 +2.35. Out of which 35.71% were hostilities and 64.29% were day scholars. Among hostellites 49.6% (n=62) were at risk of unpredictable PCOS, 39.2% (n=49) were at chance of getting PCOS and 11.2% (n=14) were at high risk to get PCOS. In day scholars 52.9% (n=119) were at risk of unpredictable PCOS, 39.6% (n=89) were at chance of getting PCOS and 7.6% (n=17) were at high risk of PCOS Conclusion: The current study concludes that polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is more prevalent among female adolescents which may cause obstacles in their lifestyle ultimately leading to infertility. This negative effect is due to the unhealthy stressful lifestyle of teenager female adolescents. The unpredictable polycystic ovarian syndrome is more frequent in day scholars than hostilities among Doctor of Physical Therapy Students. Keywords: Polycystic ovary syndrome, Hyperinsulinism, Hirsutism
Teaching Professionalism in undergraduate Medical Education
Authors: Ali Amjad , Shafi Asim , Siddiq Arif , Siddiq Muhammed Salman , Malik Rab Nawaz , Khalid Kanwal
Published: August 2021

For the last many years, there have been speedy and far-reaching changes in health teaching. [1] Numerous innovative approaches of teaching professionalism have been established and executed since 1950’s and engrossed on medical expertise. In this paper, we will observe teaching professionalism in health teaching, detailing the usages and tasks associated with diverse methods. The developments in bio medical technologies and skills have been primed to advance of teaching professionalism tools that expand the assessment of expertise. Objective: To observe the Teaching Professionalism in undergraduate medical education in BADMC Multan Methodology: A cross sectional survey was conducted at BAMDC Multan from January 2020 to June 2020 after obtaining ethical approval from ECB. The data was collected through convenience sampling technique from 50 health educators teaching anatomy, medicine, Surgery and Gyane & Obs. to undergraduate students by using unidentified questionnaire. Consent was taken from all participants before data collection. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS 21. Results: Of the 50 health educators, 46 (92%) reacted to the main phase of the overview, 48 (96%) of medical educators have sound mentalities about their jobs and responsibilities, 42 (84 %) having disintegration of clinical polished methodology, 44 (80 %) have clinical instructors ethicists- subjecting one's personal responsibility to the interest of patients, 50 (100 %) sticking to high moral and good guidelines, 40 (80 %)responding to cultural necessities, 48 (96%) displaying center humanistic qualities (e.g., compassion, uprightness, benevolence, dependability), 50 (100%) can design demonstrable, 46 (92 %) have duplicates of educational plan materials utilized in courses identified with polished skill, 48 (96 %) use Simulations ,22 (44 %) can use Computer-based simulation, 40 (80 %) can create case generation techniques. Conclusion & Recommendations: From this study, it is concluded that only 22 health educators (44 %) can use Computer-based simulation, 40 (80 %) can create case generation techniques, 40 (80 %) responding to cultural necessities, 42 (84 %) having disintegration of clinical polished methodology that is very low bench mark in teaching professionalism. Extra exploration is needed, mainly if the teaching professionalism is used to make high stick verdicts (e.g., elevation and authorization). Key Words: Health Educators, Ethical Committee Board, Bakhtawar Amin Medical & Dental College, Multan
دور الإيرادات المحلية في تمويل الموازنة العامة للسلطة الفلسطينية 2000-2010
Authors: أبو مدللة سمير , أبو زعيتر أحمد
Published: August 2021

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على الموازنة العامة للسلطة الفلسطينية ومراحلها المختلفة، وتحليل إيراداتها ونفقاتها العامة، وتبيان دور إيراداتها العامة في تمويل موازنتها العامة بشكل عام، والتعرف على مدى قدرة الإيرادات المحلية في تغطية النفقات الجارية لها بشكل خاص، وركزت كذلك على تحليل الإيرادات المحلية في الفترة 2000 - 2010 بالاعتماد على استخدام أسلوب التحليل الوصفي المقارن بدراسة الواقع ووصفه من خلال تحليل الموازنات العامة والتقارير المالية الفعلية الصادرة عن الجهات الرسمية. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن اتفاقية باريس الاقتصادية هي المأزق الحقيقي للوضع المالي الفلسطيني، وأن النفقات الجارية بلغت 77% بالمتوسط، أكثر من 60% منها متعلقة بالرواتب والأجور، وخلصت الدراسة أيضاً إلى أن إسرائيل تتحكم في أكثر من 64% من الإيرادات المحلية للسلطة الفلسطينية، وأن 53% من متوسط إجمالي الإيرادات العامة هي إيرادات محلية وتساهم في تمويل 65% من متوسط النفقات الجارية، وأظهرت الدراسة أن 75% من متوسط المنح والمساعدات الخارجية خصص لدعم الموازنة الجارية، و25% فقط لتمويل النفقات التطويرية، كما خلصت الدراسة إلى عدم تمكن السلطة من الاستغناء التام عن المساعدات الخارجية لدعم الموازنة الجارية في موازنة العام الجاري 2013 كما وعدت في مشروع موازنة العام 2011 وذلك لعدم اتخاذ الإجراءات التقشفية الكافية لخفض نفقاتها الجارية وزيادة إيراداتها المحلية.  وقد أوصى الباحثان بضرورة سعي السلطة لتعديل اتفاقية باريس الاقتصادية، والانتقال من موازنة البنود إلى موازنة البرامج والأداء لضمان توزيع الإيرادات المالية المتاحة للسلطة الفلسطينية توزيعاً أمثلاً بما يتوافق مع الأهداف الأساسية للحكومة، وترشيد النفقات الجارية وعلى وجه الخصوص فاتورة الرواتب والأجور ومعالجة التهرب الجمركي والتسرب المالي من خزينة السلطة إلى خزينة الجانب الإسرائيلي فيما يتعلق بإيرادات المقاصة، وتعديل قوانين الضريبة الموروثة من الاحتلال الإسرائيلي.
الاغتراب النفسي وعلاقته بالتوافق النفسي الاجتماعي لدى المسنين المقيمين مع أسرهم في محافظة طولكرم
Authors: Awad Husni , Nabil Souad
Published: August 2021

هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى الاغتراب النفسي، وعلاقته بالتوافق النفسي الاجتماعي لدى المسنين المقيمين مع أسرهم في محافظة طولكرم، والذين تزيد أعمارهم عن (60) عاما، في ضوء بعض المتغيرات الديموغرافية ،وتكونت العينة الفعلية للدراسة من(300) مسن ومسنه . ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة قام الباحثان بإعداد استبانتان لقياس متغيرات الدراسة وهي: استبانة الاغتراب النفسي. واستبانة التوافق النفسي الاجتماعي تم التأكد من صدقها وثباتها. واستخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي.وقد أظهرت نتائج هذه الدراسة أن متوسط درجة الاغتراب النفسي لدى المسنين المقيمين مع أسرهم في محافظة طولكرم قد بلغت (3.09)، كما بلغ متوسط درجة التوافق النفسي (2.42). وأظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباط عكسية سالبة، ودالة إحصائياً، بين الاغتراب النفسي والتوافق النفسي الاجتماعي ككل. كما أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق في درجة التوافق النفسي والاجتماعي للمسنين، بين المستجيبين حسب متغير الحالة الاجتماعية ومكان السكن، وذلك بين أعزب ومتزوج ، ولصالح المتزوج وبين قرية ومدينة لصالح القرية، ,وأظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق جوهرية في متوسطات التوافق النفسي والاجتماعي لدى المسنين، بحسب متغيرات الجنس، المستوى التعليمي ، مكان الإقامة الحالي، بينما وجدت فروق معنوية في متوسطات المتوسطات الحسابية للاغتراب النفسي لدى المسنين، بحسب متغير المستوى التعليمي ؛لصالح بكالوريوس فأعلى ، ومتغير مكان السكن، لصالح القرية. ومتغير الحالة الاجتماعية، لصالح المتزوجين. وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة ومناقشتها أوصى الباحثان بضرورة تصميم برامج إرشادية تستهدف المسننين المقيمين مع أسرهم ،وتوفير الرعاية النفسيةِ والاجتماعية لهم .
واقع استخدام النظرية البنائية في التعليم لدى معلمي الرياضيات في محافظة طولكرم
Authors: Tawfeeq Herzallah Husam
Published: August 2021

هدفت هذه الدراسة التعرف إلى واقع استخدام النظرية البنائية في التعليم لدى معلمي الرياضيات في محافظة طولكرم، كما هدفت إلى معرفة أثر متغيرات (الجنس، ومكان المدرسة، وسنوات الخبرة، وعدد الدورات أثناء الخدمة)  في استجابات معلمي الرياضيات نحو استخدام النظرية البنائية في المدارس الحكومية في محافظة طولكرم. تكونت عينة الدراسة من (91) معلماً ومعلمة من معلمي الرياضيات في المدارس الحكومية في محافظة طولكرم، وبتحليل البيانات التي جمعت باستخدام المنهج الوصفي أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن مستوى استخدام التعليم البنائي كان عالياً، كذلك أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائيا في متوسطات استجابات معلمي الرياضيات في المدارس الحكومية في محافظة طولكرم في استخدام النظرية البنائية تبعا لمتغيرات( الجنس والمؤهل العلمي وعدد الدورات)، في حين وجدت فروق دالة إحصائياً تبعاً لمتغير المرحلة الدراسية لصالح المرحلة الأساسية، ولمتغير الخبرة لصالح الخبرة التي تزيد عن 10 سنوات. وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة فقد أوصت بعدد من التوصيات منها: إعادة النظر في تقييم المعلمين وتأهيلهم استناداً لاستخدامهم للنظرية البنائية في التعليم.
درجة توافر مهارات التواصل بلغة الجسد لدى معلمي المدارس الحكومية الأساسية في شمال الضفة الغربية من وجهة نظرهم.
Authors: Mohamad Nada Yahia , Mostafa Dweka Fakhri
Published: August 2021

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تعرفِ درجةِ توافرِ مهارات التواصل بلغةِ الجسدِ لدى معلمي المدارس الحكومية الأساسيةِ في شمال الضفة الغربية من وجهة نظرهم، وفحص تأثير كل من متغيرات (الجنس، المؤهل العلمي، الخبرة العملية، التدريب المسبق) في استجابات معلمي المدارس الحكومية الأساسية في شمال الضفة الغربية نحو درجة توافر مهارات التواصل بلغة الجسد لديهم، تكوّن مجتمع الدراسة من معلمي المدارس الحكومية الأساسية في شمال الضفة الغربية، اختير منهم عينةً عشوائيةً تتكون من (164) معلماً ومعلمةً، واستخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي. بينت نتائجُ الدراسةِ توافر مهارات التواصل بلغة الجسد لدى معلمي المدارس الحكومية الأساسية في شمال الضفة الغربية بدرجةٍ مرتفعةٍ، وعدم وجود فروقٍ ذات دلالةٍ إحصائيةٍ في استجابات معلمي المدارس الحكومية الأساسية في شمال الضفة الغربية نحو درجة توافر مهارات التواصل بلغة الجسد لديهم تعزى لمتغير الجنس، والمؤهل العلمي، والخبرة العملية، ووجود فروقٍ تعزى لمتغير التدريب السابق. وقد تقدم الباحثان بعددٍ من التوصيات منها: تدريب المعلمين على آليات توظيف هذه المهارات وكيفية اختيار المواقف التعليمية الملائمة لذلك.
أثر هيكل أنظمة الرقابة الداخلية وفقا لنموذج كوسو 2013 على تحسين جودة أداء التدقيق الخارجي دراسة تحليلية لآراء مدققي الحسابات الخارجيين في الضفة الغربية فلسطين
Authors: Naem Mayalah Souhil
Published: August 2021

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على أثر هيكل أنظمة الرقابة الداخلية وفقا لنموذج COSO 2013 على تحسين جودة أداء التدقيق الخارجي، ولتحقيق أهداف الدارسة فقد استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي، وتم تصميم استبانة تتناسب مع موضوع الدراسة وأهدافها وزعت على الممارسين لمهنة تدقيق الحسابات. وقد تم توزيع (110) استبانة  وقد استرد منها عدد (90) استبانة بنسبة 81 % من الاستبيانات، ولاختبار فرضيات الدراسة تم استخدام  تحليل الانحدار (Regression ). وكان من أهم نتائج الدراسة وجود أثر لهيكل أنظمة الرقابة الداخلية وفقا لنموذج COSO 2013 على تحسين جودة أداء التدقيق الخارجي، كما أشارت النتائج إلى درجة التزام كبيرة من قبل الشركات المساهمة العامة المدرجة في بورصة فلسطين بهيكل أنظمة الرقابة الداخلية بمجالاتها (البيئة الرقابية ، تقييم المخاطر، الأنشطة الرقابية، المعلومات والاتصالات، المراقبة والمتابعة)، وكذلك أشارت النتائج الى  درجة التزام كبيرة من قبل مدققي الحسابات الخارجيين بمتطلبات جودة أداء عملية التدقيق. وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى عدد من التوصيات أهمها قيام الشركات المساهمة العامة بمتابعة تقييم وتحسين هياكل أنظمة الرقابة الداخلية مما يسهم في زيادة فعاليتها وكفاءتها بما يضمن تحقيق الأهداف المرجوة منها.
Evaluation and predictability of performance Sector portfolio’s and Al-Quds Index / Evidence from Palestine Exchange
Authors: Kamal Abu Amsha Mohamad
Published: August 2021

This paper aimed to evaluation and prediction the portfolios sectors (banking and financial services, industry, insurance, investment, services, market portfolio) in Palestine Stock Exchange (PSE) from January 2013 - December 2016, we had been used, Sharpe index, Treynor, and Jensen index, to evaluate the performance of the portfolios sectors, and Model was used, (Box - Jenkins), to Prediction the performance of the portfolios sectors. The main results of this study to outweigh the performance of the banking portfolio, the performance of other portfolios. The study also found, according to different methods and tests, the autoregressive model of degree one is the best model fitting the data. The seasonal pattern of the series has little effects on the model.
The impact of applying the criteria of governance on the development of human resources in the big local organizations in Qalqilya
Authors: Alaqra Noor
Published: August 2021

The study aims at finding the results of applying the criteria of governance on the development of human resources in the big local organizations in Qalqilya. It also attempts to find the importance, criteria and indications of governance and requirements to measure their effects on human resources development. The researcher used the analytical descriptive method to achieve the aims using a questionnaire designed for the purpose. It was distributed to a random sample of 20% of local organizations’ workers in Qalqilya, Azzoun, Hablah, Kufr-Thulth and Jayyous. The results of the study assured the positive effective role of applying the governance on the human resources development in the local organizations in Qalqilya without being affected by the variables of gender, organization’s location, nature of position, qualifications and experience. The researcher recommended the necessity of adopting the concept of governance by the local organizations and applying its principles and criteria there, in addition to consolidating the tasks of censorship by following, practising and implementing the criteria of governance in the big local organizations.
Breaking the F-barrier: How the use of a visual representation of Fisher’s F-ratio can aid student comprehension of orthodox statistics
Authors: Allen Rory
Published: August 2021

Universal laws are notoriously hard to discover in the social sciences, but there is one which can be stated with a fair degree of confidence: “all students hate statistics”. Students in the social sciences often need to learn basic statistics as part of a research methods module, and anyone who has ever been responsible for teaching statistics to these students will soon discover that they find it to be the hardest and least popular part of any social science syllabus. A typical problem for students is the use of Fisher’s F-test as a significance test, which even in the simple case of a one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) presents difficulties. These are two in number. Firstly, the test is presented as a test of the null hypothesis, that is, that there is no effect of one variable (the independent variable, IV) on the other, dependent variable (DV). This highlights the opposite of what one generally wants to prove, the experimental hypothesis, which is usually that there is an effect of the IV on the DV. Students, if they think about the question at all, may be tempted to ask “why not try to prove the experimental hypothesis directly rather than using this back-to-front approach?” Secondly, the F-ratio itself is presented in the form of an algebraic manipulation, involving the ratio of two mean sums of squares, and these means are themselves moderately complicated to understand. Even students specializing in mathematics often find algebra difficult, and to non- athematicians this formula is simply baffling. Instructors do not usually make a serious attempt to remedy this confusion by attempting to explain what the F-ratio is attempting to measure, and when they do, the explanation is not usually very enlightening. Students may struggle with the statement that the F-ratio is the ratio of “two different estimates of the variance of the population being sampled from, under the null hypothesis”. So what? The result is that students frequently end up applying statistical analysis programs such as SPSS and R, without having the faintest understanding of how the mathematics works. They use the results in a mechanical way, according to a procedure learned by rote memory, and may overlook different tests which might be more appropriate for their data. This might be called the cookbook approach to data analysis, and it is the opposite of the ultimate aim of high quality teaching, which is to provide a deep understanding of principles, which will allow the student to use these principles flexibly in real life challenges, without violating the assumptions of the statistical tests being employed.
Bioclimate of Jericho in Palestine
Authors: Ighbareyeh Jehad
Published: August 2021

Jericho is an ancient Canaanite Palestinian city and one of the oldest cities in history, which dates back to more than 10.000 BC (Stone Age). It is located near to the Jordan River, north of the Dead Sea, and north of Jerusalem. Moreover, it considered the lowest area in the earth and has a unique climatic zone. during the study period (1975-1995), was utilized the Salvador Rivas Martinez scale to classify the bioclimate of the earth to analysis the climate and bioclimate data, which was obtained from one station from Palestinian Meteorology Department (Jericho station). The results revealed that the mean monthly temperature was 22.4 0C, mean maximum temperature was 34.8 0C, mean monthly minimum temperature was 15.3 0C, the value of the annual ombrothermic index was 0.6, the compensated thermicity index is very high around 1209/1209 and the simple continentality index was 16.7. The bioclomate of Jericho is located within the zones of the thermal model under the inframediterranean basin, the dry and arid regions. Jericho is belong to Mediterranean desertic-oceanic, the latitudinal belt as subtropical, while continentality is oceanic-low eu-oceanic.
درجة تحقق الدور المستقبلي للطلبة المعلمين بالجامعات الفلسطينية المعتمد على توظيف المستحدثات التكنولوجية المعاصرة
Authors: Mohamad S. Awad Rafat
Published: August 2021

هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى درجة تحقق الدور المستقبلي للطلبة المعلمين بالجامعات الفلسطينية المعتمد على توظيف المستحدثات التكنولوجية المعاصرة من وجهة نظرهم، وقد تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في هذه الدراسة، حيث استخدم من خلاله استبانة تحتوى على (32) فقرةً بحسب تدريج خماسي، تم تطبيقها على عينة عشوائية مكونة من (794) طالباً وطالبة من طلبة الجامعات الفلسطينية، واستعان الباحث بالرزمة الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS) في اجراء التحليلات الاحصائية اللازمة للدراسة. توصلت الدراسة إلى أن درجة تحقق الدور المستقبلي للطلبة المعلمين بالجامعات الفلسطينية المعتمد على توظيف المستحدثات التكنولوجية المعاصرة من وجهة نظر الطلبة (3.52)، وبنسبة مئوية (70.3%) بدرجة كبيرة. كشفت النتائج عن عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (α≤0.05) في درجة تحقق الدور المستقبلي للطلبة المعلمين بالجامعات الفلسطينية المعتمد على توظيف المستحدثات التكنولوجية المعاصرة كما يراها طلبة جامعات قطاع غزة تعزى لمتغير الجنس (ذكور، إناث)، ومتغير الجامعة (الأزهر، الأقصى)؛ في حين توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لمتغير التقدير الجامعي، ولصالح الطلبة المعلمين (ممتاز/ جيد جداً). وقدمت الدراسة عدد من التوصيات والمقترحات.
Contribution of selected anthropometric, physical and physiological measures in running 1500 meter performance among male physical education majors
Authors: Salameeh Hameed , Jarad Maha , Alqadomi Ali , Abualia Motasim
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of some anthropometric and physical measurements in the performance in running 1500 meter performance among male physical education majors. To achieve that, the study was conducted on a random sample that consisted of (50) students, their mean age was (19.22) years. The researcher used the descriptive approach in its method "correlational study" for its suitability to the study targets. Anthropometric measurements included the (lengths, circumferences), The physical measurements consisted of (mile run, , 200m sprint,  push up (10) s, sit up (10) s, five hops test, vertical jump , and Cooper test- 12 minutes run,). The physiological variables included ( resting pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures during rest, pulse after effort, systolic and diastolic blood pressures after effort and maximal oxygen uptake VO2 max). SPSS program was used in data analysis.        The results of stepwise regression revealed that the the anthropometric measurements of abdomen circumference contributed in explaining (18.6%) of the performance. Also, the physical measurements of mile run and 200m sprint contributed in explaining (89 %) of the performance. Finally, the physiological measurements of VO2 max explained (39.7 %) of 1500m running performance.  Based on the study finding the researchers recommend the need to construct norms of anthropometric and physical measurements for PE students, athletic elites in the universities and national athletes in track and field events. These norms could be used as reference values for selecting athletes, evaluating the achievement of PE students and the acceptance of students in physical education departments at the Palestinian universities.
" Management of human talent and its relationship to enhance the competitive advantage of some sports federations in the Egyptian and Bahraini societies "
Authors: Ahmad Alshafea Hasan , Ahmad Saear Abdelrahman , Mohamad Megahed Abdelrahman
Published: August 2021

The study aimed to identify the relationship between talent management and enhancing the competitive advantage of some sports federations in the Egyptian and Bahraini societies, in addition to the difference in this according to the variables of both experience and level of employment. To achieve this, the researchers used both Talent Management and Competitive Advantage quetionair as a tool to collect data and information from a sampling sample of (50) and a core sample of (247) board members and employees of Egyptian and Bahraini sports federations. The results of the study showed that there is no relationship between the methods of managing human talent between the Egyptian and Bahrain sports federations. There is a positive relationship in the quality of talent in the Bahraini unions and creativity in the Egyptian and Bahraini federations. The results also indicate that there is no difference between the Bahraini and Egyptian federations in the management of sports talents and the promotion of competitive advantage due to the variables of experience and level of employment. Researchers have recommended that specific criteria be used to attract sports talent and retain competencies to reduce the cost of spending on sports talent.
Reality of communication between parents and the schools of their children at the basic elementary stage in Nablus Directorate /Palestine and their attitudes towards using the Internet to enhance such communication
Authors: Mohammed Rashid Hinnawi Majdi , Jamal Halawa Nariman , Ezz El Din Fakih Amina
Published: August 2021

This study aimed at exploring the reality of  communication between parents and the schools of their children in addition to investigating the parents’ attitudes towards using the Internet services  to  communicate with the schools at the basic elementary stage in Nablus Directorate /Palestine. Furthermore, the study aimed at examining the effect of  some variables on these attitudes. To achieve these objectives, the descriptive method was employed by means of a questionnaire used to collect data. The sample of the study consisted of 120 parents chosen through the cluster-regional-randomized design. Results indicated that all parents support the importance of communication with the schools of  their children, and that (61.7%) of them strongly support this communication, while (42.5%) of the parents’ responses showed that they “sometimes “ communicate with the schools because of  some obstacles revealed in this study. The study results also showed that the most common way of communication with school was the personal face-to –face visit which scored (84.2%) among the parents . Only (1.7%) of the parents  revealed that they do not communicate with the school. On the other hand, (93.3%) indicated that they want to increase the extent of their communication with the schools through providing more effective and easier means of communication. The results also revealed that parents’ attitudes towards using the Internet services  to  communicate with the schools of their children were high (82.4%),  and there were no statistically significant differences  in their attitudes due to the variables of  gender, age and the daily use of  Internet services among the parents, while there were statistically significant differences  in these attitudes that can be attributed to the differences between the parents with regard to their estimation of the importance of communication with schools in addition to the differences between them with regard to their desire to increase the extent of their communication by using more effective and easier means.
Synthesis,Characterization and Evaluation of Biological Activity of Sulfonylhydrazide-Schiff Base" (E)- N’-(2,5-dimethoxybenzalidene) naphthalene-2-sulfonohydrazide"
Authors: Amereih Sameer , Daraghmeh Abd , Warad Ismail , Al-Nuri Mohammed
Published: August 2021

Condensation reaction of naphthalene -2-Sulfonylhydrazide, as starting material with 2,5-dimethoxy benzaldehyde was used to produce (E)-N’-(2,5-dimethoxybenzalidene)naphthalene-2-sulfonohydrazide. The Schiff base product was isolated, purified and then spectrally characterized via UV-Vis, GC/MS, FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR analysis, where strong evidences confirmed the formation of the desired product. Antimicrobial activity of Schiff base product was evaluated in vitro against several types of bacteria such as: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and MRSA by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test using tetracycline (TE) as a standard antibiotic. The tests showed a promising bacteriostatic effect of this compound against gram negative bacteria such as P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae, such character is valuable for biological applications.
اتجاهات طالبات جامعة فلسطين التقنية خضوري فرع رام الله نحو ممارسة الأنشطة الرياضية
Authors: Zbeedi Firas , Frehat Raed
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of Khadori students towards participation in physical activities. Furthermore, determine the differences in these attitudes according to education program, section, specialization, academic level, living place and social status. To achieve that, the researchers used the questionnaire as the instrument of this study, and which was applied on purpose sample of (96) female students. A modified questionnaire was applied from (Abdullah, 2012) scale to measure the trend towards exercise. After data collection, SPSS was used to analyze the results, and the results revealed low positive attitudes as the percentage of response for the total score was (64.4%), The results also indicated that there were no signiﬁcant differences in students attitudes due to education program, section, specialization, academic level, living place and social status .The researcher recommends to investing and reinforce students attitudes towards physical activities.