bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Individual’s Activity Space Based on the Cellular Signaling Data
Authors: Song Shaofei , Li Weifeng , Yu Qing , Yang Dongyuan
Published: May 2021

In the overall planning of a city, it is important to formulate the reasonable structure of urban space which needs lots of research studies as strong supports. One of these supports is the relationship between the urban built environment and human behavior, and this has been of interest to the field of urban transportation planning. The essential element in this research field is the development of appropriate measures for individual’s activity space based on the collected data. This study introduced a new dataset, the cellular signaling data (CSD), and corresponding measures to analyze the relationship between the urban built environment and individual’s activity space. The CSD have more detailed time-space stamps of individual’s activities compared with traditional surveys, questionnaires, and even call detailed record (CDR) data. The individual’s activity space is defined based on the anchor point theory. The convex polygon approach was used to describe the geometrical shape of individual’s activity space. The proposed methodology was verified with the CSD collected in Shanghai. The results show that the total number of the cellphone users investigated in this study can be categorized into three different groups with specific characteristics of activity spaces. The results may benefit for related urban agencies to implement customized policy for the purpose of transportation demand management.
Influence of External Jet on Hydraulic Performance and Flow Field Characteristics of Water Jet Propulsion Pump Device
Authors: Wu Jinxin , Cheng Li , Luo Can , Wang Chuan
Published: May 2021

Water jet propulsion technology has broad application prospects in the field of ships, and water jet technology is a kind of high and new technology that is booming and has a wide range of applications. However, there are a few studies on the effect of the external jet on the performance of the water jet propulsion pump, and it is urgent to carry out this research. In this paper, the standard k‐ε turbulence model is used to carry out the numerical simulation study of the influence of the external jet on the hydraulic performance and flow field characteristics of the water jet propulsion pump device. This paper discusses the selection of calculation models, the division of grids and the setting of turbulence models, and an in‐depth analysis of the calculation results. The research results show that when a high‐speed water jet enters a moving water body, it will cause turbulence in the moving water body. With the increase of jet flow, the turbulence phenomenon will be improved. The average velocity of the outlet section of the nozzle is consistent with the change of the total pressure. The average vortex gradually decreases, the turbulent kinetic energy changes little, the turbulence dissipation first decreases and then increases, and the nozzle axial force changes more and more. The axial force and thrust of the device will obviously increase when the two water streams merge and spray, and they will increase with the increase of the jet flow rate. By revealing the influence mechanism of the external jet on the water jet propulsion pump device, it can provide a theoretical basis and guiding direction for further optimizing the hydraulic performance of the entire device.
Design Low-Order Robust Controller for Self-Balancing Two-Wheel Vehicle
Authors: Vu Ngoc Kien , Nguyen Hong Quang
Published: May 2021

When there is no driver, balancing the two-wheel vehicle is a challenging but fascinating problem. There are various solutions for maintaining the balance of a two-wheel vehicle. This article presents a solution for balancing a two-wheel vehicle using a flywheel according to the inverted pendulum principle. Since uncertainties influence the actual operating environment of the vehicle, we have designed a robust controller RH∞ to maintain the vehicle equilibrium. Robust controllers often have a high order that can affect the actual control performance; therefore, order reduction algorithms are proposed. Using Matlab/Simulink, we compared the performance of the control system with different reduced-order controllers to choose a suitable low-order controller. Finally, experimental results using a low-order robust controller show that the vehicle balances steadily in different scenarios: no-load, variable load, stationary, and moving.
Insights into Enhanced Oil Recovery by Polymer-Viscosity Reducing Surfactant Combination Flooding in Conventional Heavy Oil Reservoir
Authors: Chen Yuqiu , He Hong , Yu Qun , Liu Huan , Chen Lijun , Ma Xiaorui , Liu Wenzheng
Published: May 2021

Polymer flooding has a significant potential to enhance oil recovery in a light oil reservoir. However, for polymer flooding in a conventional heavy oil reservoir, due to unfavorable mobility ratio between water and oil, the improvement of sweep efficiency is limited, resulting in a low incremental oil recovery and failure to achieve high-efficiency development for polymer flooding in a conventional heavy oil reservoir. Inspired by the EOR mechanisms of the surfactant-polymer (SP) flooding process, the polymer-viscosity reducing surfactant flooding (P-VRSF) system was proposed to enhance conventional heavy oil recovery. Thus, to gain an insight into enhancing oil recovery by P-VRSF in a conventional heavy oil reservoir, the viscosity property, oil-water interfacial tension property, and oil viscosity reduction property were investigated. A series of parallel sand pack experiments were conducted to investigate enhanced oil recovery ability of polymer flooding and P-VRSF in a heterogeneous reservoir. Then, the 2D micromodel flooding experiments were conducted to investigate the EOR mechanism from porous media to pore level. Results demonstrated that polymer could increase the viscosity of injection water and improve the sweep efficiency. The emulsifying stability of surfactant with ultralow IFT (10-3 mN/m) was worse than that of the surfactant with higher IFT (10-2 mN/m). The viscosity reduction rate of the surfactant with higher IFT was higher than 80% at different oil-water volume ratios. The incremental oi recovery of P-VRSF was higher than that of polymer flooding. Moreover, the polymer-viscosity reducing surfactant with higher IFT could have higher incremental oil recovery. The 2D micromodel flooding results showed that the swept area of polymer flooding and P-VRSF was larger than that of water flooding. Moreover, the swept area of the surfactant with good emulsifying stability was larger than that of the surfactant with ultralow IFT. These findings could provide insights into enhancing oil recovery by P-VRSF in the conventional heavy oil reservoir.
Improvement and Analysis of Semantic Similarity Algorithm Based on Linguistic Concept Structure
Authors: Xiao Shan , Di Cheng , Li Pei
Published: May 2021

With the rapid development of information age, various social groups and corresponding institutions are producing a large amount of information data every day. For such huge data storage and identification, in order to manage such data more efficiently and reasonably, traditional semantic similarity algorithm emerges. However, the accuracy of the traditional semantic similarity algorithm is relatively low, and the convergence of corresponding algorithm is poor. Based on this problem, this paper starts with the conceptual structure of language, analyzes the depth of language structure and the distance between nodes, and analyzes the two levels as the starting point. For the information of a specific data resource description frame type, the weight of interconnected edges is used for impact analysis so as to realize the semantic similarity impact analysis of all information data. Based on the above improvements, this paper also systematically establishes the data information modeling process based on language conceptual structure and establishes the corresponding model. In the experimental part, the improved algorithm is simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional algorithm, the algorithm has obvious accuracy improvement.
Collaborative Learning Based Straggler Prevention in Large-Scale Distributed Computing Framework
Authors: Deshmukh Shyam , Thirupathi Rao Komati , Shabaz Mohammad
Published: May 2021

Modern big data applications tend to prefer a cluster computing approach as they are linked to the distributed computing framework that serves users jobs as per demand. It performs rapid processing of tasks by subdividing them into tasks that execute in parallel. Because of the complex environment, hardware and software issues, tasks might run slowly leading to delayed job completion, and such phenomena are also known as stragglers. The performance improvement of distributed computing framework is a bottleneck by straggling nodes due to various factors like shared resources, heavy system load, or hardware issues leading to the prolonged job execution time. Many state-of-the-art approaches use independent models per node and workload. With increased nodes and workloads, the number of models would increase, and even with large numbers of nodes. Not every node would be able to capture the stragglers as there might not be sufficient training data available of straggler patterns, yielding suboptimal straggler prediction. To alleviate such problems, we propose a novel collaborative learning-based approach for straggler prediction, the alternate direction method of multipliers (ADMM), which is resource-efficient and learns how to efficiently deal with mitigating stragglers without moving data to a centralized location. The proposed framework shares information among the various models, allowing us to use larger training data and bring training time down by avoiding data transfer. We rigorously evaluate the proposed method on various datasets with high accuracy results.
Wireless Localization Method Based on AHP‐WKNN and Amendatory AKF
Authors: Pan Su , Hua Sheng , Pan Duowei , Sun Xixia
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we propose an AHP‐WKNN method for indoor localization which combines the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique and the Weighted K‐nearest Neighbor (WKNN) algorithm. AHP serves to assign weights when WKNN is employed to select fingerprints for indoor positioning. The AHP technique can reasonably enlarge the influence that the received signal strength (RSS) gap between reference points has on the weights, achieving better performance in positioning. This paper also modifies the adaptive Kalman filter (AKF) noise reduction method by correcting the output based on the error between the RSS measurement and the expected output. The modified AKF can track the changes of RSS more effectively and achieve better performance of noise reduction. The simulation result shows that the proposed AHP‐WKNN method and the modified AKF can improve positioning accuracy effectively.
Toll-Like Receptor-Based Strategies for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Pahlavanneshan Saghar , Sayadmanesh Ali , Ebrahimiyan Hamidreza , Basiri Mohsen
Published: May 2021

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed and play multiple functional roles in a variety of immune cell types involved in tumor immunity. There are plenty of data on the pharmacological targeting of TLR signaling using agonist molecules that boost the antitumor immune response. A recent body of research has also demonstrated promising strategies for improving the cell-based immunotherapy methods by inducing TLR signaling. These strategies include systemic administration of TLR antagonist along with immune cell transfer and also genetic engineering of the immune cells using TLR signaling components to improve the function of genetically engineered immune cells such as chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells. Here, we explore the current status of the cancer immunotherapy approaches based on manipulation of TLR signaling to provide a perspective of the underlying rationales and potential clinical applications. Altogether, reviewed publications suggest that TLRs make a potential target for the immunotherapy of cancer.
Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway on Polarity Formation of Utricle Hair Cells
Authors: Deng Di , Qian Xiaoqing , Chen Binjun , Yang Xiaoyu , Wang Yanmei , Chi Fanglu , Huang Yibo , Zhao Yu , Ren Dongdong
Published: May 2021

As part of the inner ear, the vestibular system is responsible for sense of balance, which consists of three semicircular canals, the utricle, and the saccule. Increasing evidence has indicated that the noncanonical Wnt/PCP signaling pathway plays a significant role in the development of the polarity of the inner ear. However, the role of canonical Wnt signaling in the polarity of the vestibule is still not completely clear. In this study, we found that canonical Wnt pathway-related genes are expressed in the early stage of development of the utricle and change dynamically. We conditionally knocked out β-catenin, a canonical Wnt signaling core protein, and found that the cilia orientation of hair cells was disordered with reduced number of hair cells in the utricle. Moreover, regulating the canonical Wnt pathway (Licl and IWP2) in vitro also affected hair cell polarity and indicated that Axin2 may be important in this process. In conclusion, our results not only confirm that the regulation of canonical Wnt signaling affects the number of hair cells in the utricle but also provide evidence for its role in polarity development.
Study on Response Characteristics of Surrounding Rock Rupture Microseismic Events during Coal Roadway Excavation
Authors: Wang Yajuan , Lei Dongji , Zheng Yuanyuan , Ma Tao
Published: May 2021

In order to solve the problems such as coal burst and abnormal gas overrun caused by the fracture of surrounding rock in the process of mining in the coal roadway, the ESG microseismic monitoring system is built on the driving face of 8005 transportation roadway of Wuyang Coal Mine to carry out a real‐time, continuous, and omnidirectional dynamic state monitoring. In this way, the characteristics of time‐frequency evolution and energy distribution of the acquired signals are systematically analyzed, and the location of the roadway microseismic events is studied. The results show the following: (1) influenced by mining activities, the localized microseismic events are mostly distributed in front and on both sides of the working face. Due to mining activities and geological changes, the equilibrium of original stress in coal and rock mass is broken. The stress thus is released accompanied by fracture before reaching a new equilibrium. (2) By comparing the coal and rock fracture signals with the interference signals, it is found that the fracture signals have short duration and large amplitude with obvious abrupt change characteristics. The interference signals have long duration and relatively small amplitude with less obvious change. (3) Fourier transform analysis shows that the main frequency of coal rock fracture signals is 100–200 Hz with large total energy concentrated in the first frequency band, while that of interference signals is mostly less than 100 Hz with small total energy. The research results can effectively identify the coal and rock dynamic disasters, provide technical support for the prediction and early warning of hidden danger, and guide the safe and efficient production.
Investigation on the Status Quo of Self-Health Management of Patients with Bipolar Disorder and Analysis of Influencing Factors
Authors: Cai Shan , Zhou Lin , Yang Xiao , Ma Chenyu , Xu Liuliu , Qian Ruilian
Published: May 2021

In this study, we aim to explore the status quo of self-health management of patients with bipolar disorder and influencing factors. A total of 80 patients with bipolar disorder were included and assigned into the observation group and the control group, with 40 cases per group. The patients in the control group were given general health education, and those in the observation group were given personalized education combined with peer support. It was found that there was no significant difference in gender, age, educational degree, marital status, and living state between the observation group and the control group (P>0.05). There are significant differences with regard to self-management between the two groups. The observation group showed stronger self-care ability, health education level, self-protection ability, and emotional control ability than the control group (P<0.05). Before the intervention, no significant difference in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores was observed between the observation group and the control group (P>0.05). After the intervention, the HAMD scores were lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05), suggesting an alleviation in manic and depressive episodes in the observation group. It was also revealed that the observation group exhibited lower Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) scores in all aspects than the control group, suggesting personalized education combined with peer support could significantly improve the quality of life of patients with bipolar disorder. Self-health management ability of the patients was regarded as the dependent variable and healthy education level, health literacy, and objective support as the independent variables, and the regression model was performed. The results show that information acquisition ability, communication and interaction ability, objective social support, subjective social support, and utilization of social support can all affect the self-health management ability of patients. Personalized education combined with peer support can effectively alleviate the condition of patients with bipolar disorder, improve the degree of overall functional impairment, enhance the patient’s self-management ability, and promote their recovery. It is worthy of promotion and application. In conclusion, information acquisition ability, communication and interaction ability, objective social support, subjective social support, and utilization of social support can all affect the self-health management ability of patients.
A Novel Topical Fluorescent Probe for Detection of Glioblastoma
Authors: Kitagawa Yosuke , Tanaka Shota , Kamiya Mako , Kuriki Yugo , Yamamoto Kyoko , Shimizu Takenori , Nejo Takahide , Hana Taijun , Matsuura Reiko , Koike Tsukasa , Yamazawa Erika , Kushihara Yoshihiro , Takahashi Satoshi , Nomura Masashi , Takami Hirokazu , Takayanagi Shunsaku , Mukasa Akitake , Urano Yasuteru , Saito Nobuhito
Published: May 2021

Purpose:

Five-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is widely used as an intraoperative fluorescent probe for radical resection of high-grade glioma, and thus aids in extending progression-free survival of patients. However, there exist some cases where 5-ALA fails to fluoresce. In some other cases, it may undergo fluorescence quenching but cannot be orally readministered during surgery. This study aimed to develop a novel hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (HMRG)-based fluorescence labeling system that can be repeatedly administered as a topical spray during surgery for the detection of glioblastoma.

Experimental Design:

We performed a three-stage probe screening using tumor lysates and fresh tumor tissues with our probe library consisting of a variety of HMRG probes with different dipeptides. We then performed proteome and transcript expression analyses to detect candidate enzymes responsible for cleaving the probe. Moreover, in vitro and ex vivo studies using U87 glioblastoma cell line were conducted to validate the findings.

Results:

The probe screening identified proline-arginine–HMRG (PR-HMRG) as the optimal probe that distinguished tumors from peritumoral tissues. Proteome analysis identified calpain-1 (CAPN1) to be responsible for cleaving the probe. CAPN1 was highly expressed in tumor tissues which reacted to the PR-HMRG probe. Knockdown of this enzyme suppressed fluorescence intensity in U87 glioblastoma cells. In situ assay using a mouse U87 xenograft model demonstrated marked contrast of fluorescence with the probe between the tumor and peritumoral tissues.

Conclusions:

The novel fluorescent probe PR-HMRG is effective in detecting glioblastoma when applied topically. Further investigations are warranted to assess the efficacy and safety of its clinical use.
Fate and State of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Miano Joseph M. , Fisher Edward A. , Majesky Mark W.
Published: May 2021

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have long been associated with phenotypic modulation/plasticity or dedifferentiation. Innovative technologies in cell lineage tracing, single-cell RNA sequencing, and human genomics have been integrated to gain unprecedented insights into the molecular reprogramming of VSMCs to other cell phenotypes in experimental and clinical atherosclerosis. The current thinking is that an apparently small subset of contractile VSMCs undergoes a fate switch to transitional, multipotential cells that can adopt plaque-destabilizing (inflammation, ossification) or plaque-stabilizing (collagen matrix deposition) cell states. Several candidate mediators of such VSMC fate and state changes are coming to light with intriguing implications for understanding coronary artery disease risk and the development of new treatment modalities. Here, we briefly summarize some technical and conceptual advancements derived from 2 publications in
Circulation
and another in
Nature Medicine
that, collectively, illuminate new research directions to further explore the role of VSMCs in atherosclerotic disease.
Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study on the Histopathology, Genotype, and Postsurgical Outcomes of Patients With Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Meyer Lucie S. , Handgriff Laura , Lim Jung Soo , Udager Aaron M. , Kinker Isabella-Sabrina , Ladurner Roland , Wildgruber Moritz , Knösel Thomas , Bidlingmaier Martin , Rainey William E. , Reincke Martin , Williams Tracy Ann
Published: May 2021

Unilateral forms of primary aldosteronism are usually surgically treated to remove the source of aldosterone excess. After adrenalectomy, aldosteronism persists in some patients indicating abnormal aldosterone production from the unresected gland. Our objective was to investigate histopathology, genotype, and postsurgical outcomes in a 3-year prospective cohort of surgically treated patients for primary aldosteronism (from 2016 to 2018). The cohort comprised 60 consecutively operated patients categorized with classical or nonclassical histopathologic findings of unilateral primary aldosteronism. In the classical group were 45 solitary aldosterone-producing adenomas or dominant aldosterone-producing nodules; in the nonclassical group were 15 cases of multiple aldosterone-producing micronodules or nodules (12 cases) or aldosterone-producing diffuse hyperplasia (3 cases). The classical group displayed higher baseline plasma aldosterone concentrations (262 versus 155 pg/mL,
P
=0.008) and an increased aldosterone-to-renin ratio (81 versus 42,
P
=0.002). A high proportion of the classical group achieved complete biochemical success (97.6% versus 66.7% in the nonclassical group,
P
=0.002). The nonclassical versus classical group displayed an increased ratio of absolute aldosterone concentration in the contralateral adrenal vein to peripheral vein at adrenal venous sampling (3.8 versus 2.0,
P
=0.004). Variants in aldosterone-driver genes were identified in 85% of 41 aldosterone-producing adenomas and were excluded in the remaining 15% by CYP11B2 guided next-generation sequencing. There were no differences in clinical or biochemical outcomes in patients with a solitary aldosterone-producing adenoma categorized by
KCNJ5
mutation status. In conclusion, adrenals with a nonclassical histopathology of unilateral primary aldosteronism are associated with a higher incidence of postsurgical disease persistence and increased aldosterone production from the unresected adrenal.
Few-shot Learning for Named Entity Recognition Based on BERT and
Two-level Model Fusion
Authors: Gong Yuan , Mao Lu , Li Changliang
Published: May 2021

Currently, as a basic task of military document information extraction, Named Entity Recognition (NER) for military documents has received great attention. In 2020, China Conference on Knowledge Graph and Semantic Computing (CCKS) and System Engineering Research Institute of Academy of Military Sciences (AMS) issued the NER task for test evaluation, which requires the recognition of four types of entities including Test Elements (TE), Performance Indicators (PI), System Components (SC) and Task Scenarios (TS). Due to the particularity and confidentiality of the military field, only 400 items of annotated data are provided by the organizer. In this paper, the task is regarded as a few-shot learning problem for NER, and a method based on BERT and two-level model fusion is proposed. Firstly, the proposed method is based on several basic models fine tuned by BERT on the training data. Then, a two-level fusion strategy applied to the prediction results of multiple basic models is proposed to alleviate the over-fitting problem. Finally, the labeling errors are eliminated by post-processing. This method achieves F1 score of 0.7203 on the test set of the evaluation task.
The Failure to Protect in Myanmar: A Reflection on National Protection of Rohingya against Mass Atrocity Crimes and Prospects for the Responsibility to Protect
Authors: Diamond Nickey
Published: May 2021

Impunity has been a major cause of the atrocity crimes committed by the Myanmar military, and accountability is generally seen as a central component of R2P. This article traces the changes of attitudes towards R2P-related measures in Myanmar. After 2017, voices gradually emerged from within Myanmar civil society in support of R2P, influenced by international efforts to ensure accountability and documentation. However, this support mostly came from ethnic minority groups. In the broader population and political leadership, calls for R2P were met with general hostility. Since the February 2021 coup, there has been a dramatic change of attitudes towards R2P, at least within the protest movement. However, the growing calls for R2P often reflect a desire for international military intervention that is unlikely to happen. Moreover, domestic efforts to hold the military accountable are now even more unlikely. International action to push for accountability is therefore still needed.
A new species of Tremella s.s. (Tremellaceae, Basidiomycota) from southeastern China

Authors: FAN LONG FEI , PU JIN BAO , WU FANG , DAI YU CHENG
Published: May 2021

A new species Tremella zhejiangensis is described from southeastern China based on phenotypic and molecular evidence. The species is characterized by soft gelatinous, yellowish brown to brownish orange, cerebriform basidioma when fresh, thin-walled, globose to subglobose or broadly ellipsoid basidia with a basal clamp connection, globose to subglobose basidiospores measuring 15.0–19.0 × 14.0–17.5 µm with obvious apiculus, and growth on rotten wood of Liquidambar formosana. The phylogeny of Tremella s.s. is constructed using methods of Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses based on the combined internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and the large subunit (nLSU) dataset. The results indicate that T. zhejiangensis forms a lineage independent of other species of Tremella s.s. An illustrated description of the new species is provided and related species are discussed.
Future changes in the frequency of extreme droughts over China based on two large ensemble simulations
Authors: Li Wei , Pan Rongyun , Jiang Zhihong , Chen Yang , Li Laurent , Luo Jing-Jia , Zhai Panmao , Shen Yuchen , Yu Jinhua
Published: May 2021

Future changes in the frequency of extreme drought events are of vital importance for risk assessment and relevant policy making. But a reliable estimation of their probability is intrinsically challenging due to limited available observations or simulations. Here, we use two large ensemble simulations, 50 members from CanESM2 and 40 members from CESM1 under the future RCP8.5 scenario, to elaborate a reliable projection of the 100-year drought events (once in a century) under different warming levels. It is however necessary to firstly remove systematic biases for the simulated temperature and precipitation through a bias-correction method based on quantile mapping. Droughts are diagnosed with the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), which considers both precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET, involving temperature). The results show that the frequency of extreme droughts increases with the continued global warming. Some differences between the two ensembles are also observed, especially for high warming levels. The China-averaged probability of 100-year droughts that occur once in a century in the current climate increases by factors of 1.52 (1.90) and 1.44 (2.02) in the two ensembles under 1.5°C and 2°C warming levels, respectively. A simple statistical scheme shows that the increasing future risk of extreme droughts is mainly due to the increasing effect of PET on the occurrence of extreme drought events, while the effect of precipitation almost keeps constant with global warming.
Factors Controlling the Diversities of MJO Propagation and Intensity
Authors: Wang Tianyi , Li Tim
Published: May 2021

The diversity of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) in terms of its maximum intensity, zonal extent and phase speed was explored using a cluster analysis method. The zonal extent is found to be significantly correlated to the phase speed. A longer zonal extent is often associated with a faster phase speed.

The diversities of zonal extent and speed are connected with distinctive interannual sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) distributions and associated moisture and circulation patterns over the equatorial Pacific. An El Niño–like background SSTA leads to enhanced precipitation over the central Pacific, allowing a stronger vertically overturning circulation to the east of the MJO. This promotes both a larger east-west asymmetry of column-integrated moist static energy (MSE) tendency and a greater boundary-layer moisture leading, serving as potential causes of the faster phase speed. The El Niño–like SSTA also favors the MJOs intruding further into the Pacific, causing a larger zonal extent.

The intensity diversity is associated with the interannual SSTA over the Maritime Continent and background moisture condition over the tropical Indian Ocean. An observed warm SSTA over the Maritime Continent excites a local Walker cell with a subsidence over the Indian Ocean, which could decrease the background moisture, weakening the MJO intensity. The intensity difference between strong and weak events would be amplified due to distinct intensity growth speed. The faster intensity growth of a strong MJO is attributed to a greater longwave radiative heating and a greater surface latent heat flux, as both of which contribute to a greater total time change rate of the column-integrated MSE.
Improving Signal Statistics Using a Regression Ground Clutter Filter. Part 1: Theory and Simulations
Authors: Hubbert J.C. , Meymaris G. , Romatschke U. , Dixon M.
Published: May 2021

Ground clutter filtering is an important and necessary step for quality control of ground-based weather radars. In this two-part paper ground clutter mitigation is addressed using a time-domain regression filter. Clutter filtering is now widely accomplished with spectral processing where the times series of data corresponding to a radar resolution volume are transformed with a Discrete Fourier Transform after which the zero and near-zero velocity clutter components are eliminated by setting them to zero. Subsequently for reectivity, velocity and spectrum width estimates, interpolation techniques are used to recover some of the power loss due to the clutter filter, which has been shown to reduce bias. The spectral technique requires that the I (in-phase) and Q (quadrature) time series be windowed in order to reduce clutter power leakage away from zero and near-zero velocities. Unfortunately, window functions such as the Hamming, Hann and Blackman attenuate the time series signal by 4.01, 4.19 and 5.23 dB for 64-point times series, respectively, and thereby effectively reduce the number of independent samples available for estimating the radar parameters of any underlying weather echo. Here in Part 1 a regression filtering technique is investigated, via simulated data, which does not require the use of such window functions and thus provides for better weather signal statistics. In Part 2 (Hubbert et al. 2021) the technique is demonstrated using both S-Pol and NEXRAD data. It is shown that the regression filter rejects clutter as effectively as the spectral technique but has the distinct advantage that estimates of the radar variables are greatly improved. The technique is straightforward and can be executed in real time.
Sediment resuspension and transport from a glider integrated Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry (LISST) particle analyzer
Authors: Miles Travis , Slade Wayne , Glenn Scott
Published: May 2021

Suspended particle size and concentration are critical parameters necessary to understand water quality, sediment dynamics, carbon flux, and ecosystem dynamics among other ocean processes. In this study we detail the integration of a Sequoia Scientific, Inc., Laser In situ Scattering and Transmissometry (LISST) sensor into a Teledyne Webb Research Slocum autonomous underwater glider. These sensors are capable of measuring particle size, concentration, and beam attenuation by particles in size ranges from 1.00 to 500 μm at a resolution of 1 Hz. The combination of these two technologies provides the unique opportunity to measure particle characteristics persistently at specific locations, or survey regional domains from a single profiling sensor. In this study we present the sensor integration framework, detail quality assurance and control (QAQC) procedures, as well as provide a case study of storm driven sediment resuspension and transport. Specifically, Rutgers glider RU28 was deployed with an integrated LISST-Glider for 18 days in September of 2017. During this time period it sampled the nearshore environment off of coastal New Jersey, capturing full water column sediment resuspension during a coastal storm event. A novel method for in situ background corrections is demonstrated and used to mitigate long-term bio-fouling of the sensor windows. Additionally, we present a method for removing Schlieren contaminated time periods utilizing coincident conductivity temperature and depth, fluorometer, and optical backscatter data. The combination of LISST sensors and autonomous platforms has the potential to revolutionize our ability to capture suspended particle characteristics throughout the world’s oceans.
The virtues of truth: On democracy’s epistemic value
Authors: Tong Zhichao
Published: May 2021

Drawing on Bernard Williams's Truth and Truthfulness and Miranda Fricker's Epistemic Justice, this article presents an epistemic argument for democracy on the basis of its ability to incentivize more people to display the virtues of truth required for the social production and aggregation of knowledge. In particular, the article compares democracy respectively with autocracy and epistocracy, showing that it is likely to be, within the context of a modern pluralistic society, an epistemically superior regime in the sense that it creates more favourable conditions for the pooling of epistemic resources. The article concludes with a multi-dimensional framework of democratic legitimacy, where democracy's epistemic value is directly tied with both the safeguard against elite domination and the development of citizens' ethical and intellectual capabilities. In this regard, the article also helps to bridge the gap between epistemic and non-epistemic approaches in democratic theory and unite what might be called the wisdom, power, and virtue of the multitude.
Who, the people? Rethinking constituent power as praxis
Authors: van Asseldonk Maxim
Published: May 2021

Modern thinking about democracy is largely governed by the concept of constituent power. Some versions of the concept of constituent power, however, remain haunted by the spectre of totalitarianism. In this article, I outline an alternative view of the identity of the people whose constituent power generates democratic authority. Broadly speaking, constituent power signifies the idea that all political authority, including that of the constitution, must find its source in some idea of ‘the people’, whose authority is never exhausted by constituted power. The deficiency I seek to address is that of asking who the people is to whom any claim of authority refers, while avoiding the pitfalls of totalitarianism. I show the most famous totalitarian view of constituent power – advanced by Carl Schmitt – to be not only politically unsavoury but also ontologically unjustified. To outline my alternative view, I draw on Jacques Derrida’s concept of just decisions to argue that the undecidable inaugurates collective responsibility by demanding a response. This suggests a view of ‘the people’ as a doing rather than a being. I conclude by showing how this avoids totalitarian views of popular sovereignty by demonstrating its congruency with Claude Lefort’s democratic theory as opposed to totalitarianism.
“We Have All the Data in One Place”: Examining Principals’ Use of a Data Warehouse During an Academic School Year
Authors: Drake Timothy A.
Published: May 2021

In this article, I describe how principals accessed teacher and student data on a centralized data warehouse (DWH) during an academic school year. I found that principals did not use the DWH very often during the year. When logged on, principals most often looked at reports on student achievement, teachers’ performance, or student demographics. Principals’ use also seemed to be influenced by the school calendar and the release of student and teacher data, along with personal and organizational characteristics.
Parenting with a smile: Display rules, regulatory effort, and parental burnout
Authors: Lin Gao-Xian , Hansotte Logan , Szczygieł Dorota , Meeussen Loes , Roskam Isabelle , Mikolajczak Moïra
Published: May 2021

Positive parenting prescriptions prevailing in Western countries encourage parents to regulate their emotions and, more specifically, to show more positive emotion to their children and control negative emotions while parenting. The beneficial effect of this practice on child development has been much documented, but its possible costs for parents have been much less researched. The current study borrowed the well-known emotional labor framework from organizational psychology to examine this issue. We sought to answer five questions in particular: (1) Do parents perceive display rules? (i.e., do they feel pressured to up-regulate positive emotions and down-regulate negative emotions while parenting?) (2) Do parents make regulatory efforts to comply with these rules? (3) Is this costly? (4) Is it possible that these regulatory efforts are associated with higher risk of parental burnout? (5) Are there strategies that render this effort less costly? We investigated these questions in a sample of 347 parents. The results revealed that parents perceive emotional display rules, which were associated with more regulatory efforts and then a higher vulnerability to parental burnout. How parents meet display rules also matters, in that regulating emotions superficially (i.e., surface acting) is more detrimental than regulating genuinely (i.e., deep acting). Overall, these results support the translation of the emotional labor framework to the parenting context, which helps us understand how external pressures on parents may increase parental burnout.
Law and Emotion in Moral Repair: Circumscribing Infringement
Authors: Kazen Thomas
Published: May 2021

The reciprocal relationship between law and emotion is a question about the relationship between culture and nature, or the evolutionary underpinnings of human social interaction. Behaviours originating as functional survival strategies have become dysfunctional social infringements, out of context, in need of moral repair. Law as a cultural construct attempts to regulate interaction, infringement, and repair, so as to ensure continued cooperation within a hierarchical social structure, and based on our emotional capacity. The article focuses on sexual infringements and property infringements, conceptualised by the metaphorical frameworks of MEASURE and SIZE, and appraised by various emotions. I trace the influence of emotions in biblical legal texts and their interaction with legal reasoning and moral exhortation. I discuss how law regulates and balances moral emotions, curbing excess and avoiding disproportionate revenge. I point to the rhetorical function of law to direct emotions in the service of moral values and social cohesion.
Social impact scaling strategies in social enterprises: A systematic review and research agenda
Authors: Islam Syrus M
Published: May 2021

Social enterprises have attracted increased attention from both researchers and practitioners around the world. In the social enterprise context, scaling social impact is considered the main currency or key performance metric. Two overarching social impact scaling strategies are organizational growth strategy and ecosystem growth strategy. However, to date, little cumulative knowledge exists on these two social impact scaling strategies. To address this issue, this article conducts a systematic review of 111 peer-reviewed articles. It identifies and discusses key insights into organizational growth strategy and ecosystem growth strategy as a means to scale social impact in social enterprises. Based on these findings, the current article also develops a framework to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of social impact scaling strategies in social enterprises. Finally, the review identifies gaps in the existing literature and discusses a comprehensive agenda for future research.

JEL Classification: L26, L31, O35, M13
Exploring Mechanisms of Mental Illness Stigma Reduction in Asian Canadian Men
Authors: Fung Kenneth Po-Lun , Liu Jenny Jing-Wen , Wong Josephine Pui-Hing
Published: May 2021

Objective:

Although there is evidence of effective stigma reduction by various psychological and educational interventions, the mechanisms of change remain unclear. In this article, we examine hypothesized processes that might have mediated reductions in stigma observed among Asian men who had received in mental health promotion interventions in Greater Toronto Area, Canada.

Method:

Our sample consisted of 495 Asian men, who received either acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT; n = 133), contact-based empowerment education (CEE; n = 149), combination of ACT and CEE ( n = 152), or psychoeducation ( n = 61). Group differences on intervention outcomes, including stigmatizing attitudes (Community Attitudes toward the Mentally Ill), internalized stigma (Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness), valued living (Valued Living Questionnaire), and attitudes to engage in social change (Social Justice Scale) were hypothesized to be due to the impact of the different interventions and mediated by changes in specific underlying psychological processes. These process-related changes were modelled using measures of mindfulness (Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory), psychological flexibility (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire version II), and empowerment (Empowerment Scale [ES]). Their pre- and post changes were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance, and mediational analyses were performed.

Results:

Findings from mediational analyses suggest that empowerment (ES) mediated a significant portion of the effects observed in reduction in stigmatizing attitudes and internalized stigma across intervention groups ( t = 3.67 to 3.78 for CEE groups, and t = 4.32 to 4.56 for ACT groups). For the ACT groups, reduction in internalized stigma might also have been partly mediated by psychological flexibility, an intervention-specific psychological process.

Conclusions:

Results from the current study suggest that different stigma reduction interventions may be mediated by increased empowerment as a common mechanism of change, while intervention-specific mechanism of change, improved psychological flexibility through ACT, may also contribute to improvement in internalized stigma.
An ultrasound method for characterization of viscoelastic properties in frequency domain at small deformations
Authors: Sakhnevych A , Genovese A , Maiorano A , Timpone F , Farroni F
Published: May 2021

Background

The ultrasound technique, usually based on the transmission mode, is capable of providing the viscoelastic properties of polymers. Further techniques involving pulse-echo methods were also described in literature, but they still exhibit inaccuracies in the evaluation of the acoustic properties.

Objective

The manuscript focuses on an innovative approach for the characterization of the viscoelastic behavior of polymers employing the ultrasound methodology. The proposed procedure is based on the pulse-echo method in order to overcome possible inaccuracies in acoustic properties evaluation and in issues related to transmitter mode applications.

Methods

Starting from the pulse-echo method adopted for the acquisition, a novel formulation for data processing has been developed and described, allowing to determine the wave attenuation coefficient, in comparison to the commonly employed procedures involving ultrasound in polymers characterization, based on transmitter mode inspections. To carry out the study, a specifically designed ultrasound bench has been set up and three different polymers have been tested in the temperature range of interest.

Results

According to the proposed methodology, the loss factor towards the temperature is determined starting from the data acquired considering the identified attenuation coefficient and the measured sound velocities. The trustworthiness of the novel procedure has been proved comparing the obtained viscoelastic loss factor quantities to the reference master curves obtained by the standard Dynamic Mechanical Analysis characterizations carried out on the same polymer specimens.

Conclusions

A novel methodology involving ultrasound technology aiming to evaluate the viscoelasticity of the polymers using non-destructive approach has been developed. The results obtained are agreement with the standard viscoelastic master curves determined through the DMA.
Effective wind speed estimation based on a data-driven model of wind turbine tower deflection
Authors: Nasrabad Vahid Saberi , Hajnayeb Ali , Sun Qiao
Published: May 2021

The deflection of the wind turbine tower can provide us with rich information about the effective wind speed. In this paper, a new method for effective wind speed estimation is proposed based on tower deflection. The tower vibration model is derived and a subspace identification method is used to identify the model parameters. An online estimator of aerodynamic thrust force based on the identified tower model is designed and then implemented using a Kalman filter together with a recursive least squares algorithm. The estimated aerodynamic thrust force is then used as an input to a neural network estimator, which is trained to invert the aerodynamic thrust force equation and estimate the effective wind speed. In order to show the performance of the proposed estimator, the estimated thrust force and wind speed are compared and verified with a third-party simulation data of a 1.5 MW wind turbine. The comparison shows close agreement between their values.