bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internal Determinant Of Firm’s Security Returns On Commercial Banks Listed On Nairobi Securities Exchange
Authors: Mutua Wambua Mumanthi , Olweny Tobias , Weda Charles
Published: April 2024

The market for securities improves the exchange of shares of public firms. Companies utilize the essential market to float shares to the public through an initial public offer in return for financed capital. A firm’s performance concerning equities is a solid marker of how it is fairing financially and its contribution to the macroeconomy. The equity market records are a sign of the monetary solidness of the economy. Thus, the current study sought to establish the influence of market determinants on stock market returns among listed commercial banks at Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya. In Kenya, such risks as liquidity risks, non-performing loans (NPLs), and poor performance, among others, have been of significant concern for quite some time. Many studies have been carried out in Kenya concerning the stock market performance of the banking sector. While there may be several factors, such as favorable government policies, explaining these performances, there is a shortage of information on the justification of strategic bank factors influencing the financial performance of these banks. Hence, the research sought to address hypothesis around the influence of the determinants such as capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency and influence of liquidity on stock market returns among Commercial Banks listed in Nairobi Securities Exchange. The research adopted credit risk theory, liquidity risk theory transaction cost theory, capital structure theory and signaling hypothesis theory. The study also applied panel data analysis and survey design on 10-year primary and secondary data from from 2013 to 2022. The target population constituted 11 commercial banks listed on Nairobi Securities Exchange. The study used quantitative data sorted and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The descriptive analysis results were in the form of mean, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentage forms. Tables, diagrams, and charts were adopted. From the study findings, asset quality and management efficiency ratios had a negative and significant association with stock market returns respectively. On the other hand, capital adequacy and liquidity had a positive and significant relationship with stock market returns respectively. Based on the study results, the study recommends that banks should balance asset quality and lending stringency due to its negative correlation with stock returns. Strengthening capital adequacy and maintaining optimal liquidity positively impact stock market returns. In addition, a focus on service quality and employee morale is recommended for indirect benefits on stock performance.
INTRICACIES OF REVENGE PORN: AN ANALYSIS OF LEGAL PROVISIONS
Authors: Mishra Dr. Sandeep
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Now a days it is very well known fact that online platforms like YouTube, WhatsApp and Google are used by people to share contents of sexual nature. These sexually explicit contents are used to influence, manipulate and shame a person. Here, people are more interested in knowing what is going in other person’s life. People, with utmost interest, look into the intimate relationship of others. This is the dark truth of the society that videos of sexual harassment and other intimate clips are intensely browsed by people. It is a source of great pleasure for them. There is even a very big market for these kinds of images and videos. Quite often, girls of even tender age fall in traps of these bad guys whose only aim is to satisfy their sexual desires. Also nowadays, it has become essential to share nudes to prove love and affection to the partner. Often, the victim is not able to raise her voice against this injustice happening to them. 
Today’s time when internet has become lifeline for every human, this act has drastically increased. This has also resulted in a sudden rise of Revenge pornography. Revenge Pornography is rapidly growing in India. Battling against internet disgracing is anything but something straightforward maybe a solid fight. The casualty faces disgrace deeply and it is a reasonable and careful issue to manage.
HARMONIZING DHARMA AND DEMOCRACY:
Authors: Kaundinya Nivedita
Published: April 2024

We Humans are the finest creation of the ultimate creator and thus the most complex. We have emotions, strength, intellect, ambitions and various other attributes. With Civilizations, came our greed for power, to attain supremacy and gradually the world became an interconnected, interdependent and interdisciplinary whole, where existence is more about the way one has carved their position in the society rather than how he survives. This tendency of human beings has created various nations, various powers and organizations with their rules, principles and procedures. The supreme laws of the countries represent the very principles which the citizens of that nation believe in. Likewise, in India, the Constitution; even though inspired by various other constitutions of world, is embodiment of those fundamental principles which Bharat as a nation has practiced since time immemorial. When we discuss the principles of ancient Bharat, (which ultimately became India of today) Bhagwad Gita stands in the forefront being the soul and spirit of all the prominent scriptures of ancient Bharat which forms the foundation of the ever-living Sanatan Dharma. This paper, therefore, attempts to discuss all such aspects of human life, where the principles of Gita are either applied to or should be applied for upliftment. It deals with the basic principles which Gita proposes, one among them is ‘Nishkamkarmyog’ or the principle of ‘Sthitpragya’ individual who doesn’t get affected by the everyday incidents of sorrow, pleasure or pain, but focuses on his/her goal understanding the true meaning of life which uplifts one from materialistic approach to a higher approach. How relevant these principles are to the legal fraternity, to the other dimensions of human lives, what principles our Constitution embodies? All such questions have been addressed through this paper.
India's cybercrime problem and the need for legal system reform
Authors: Kumar Singh Vivek
Published: April 2024

Law is necessary to prevent crime; if the law is weak, justice will be unable to serve its purpose; and if the law is just and proper, but the institutions charged with enforcing it are weak, results will not be realized. To address crimes that are constantly evolving with the times, it is occasionally necessary to make adjustments to institutions and regulations. One such instance is cybercrime, which is currently a major issue for the nation. Currently, changes are an imperative necessity.
Molecular Docking Study of Binding of Perylene Di-imide to a Bio Molecular Human Telomeric G-quadruplex
Authors: Mishra Vandana , Tiwari Rakesh Kumar
Published: April 2024

Human telomeres are comprised of d(TTAGGG) repeats involved in the formation of G-quadruplex DNA structures. Ligands stabilizing these G-quadruplex DNA structures are potential inhibitors of the cancer cell-associated enzyme telomerase. In human cells , telomerase adds multiple copies of the 5’-GGTTAG-3’ motif to the end of the G-strand of the telomere and in the majority of tumor cells it results over-expressed. Several structural studies have revealed a diversity of topologies for telomeric quadruplexes, which are sensitive to the nature of the cations present, to the flanking sequences, and probably also to concentration, as confirmed by the different conformations deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The existence   of   different polymorphism   in the DNA quadruplex and the absence of a uniquely precise binding site give rise to check docking approach . As target we have selected six different experimental models of the human telomeric sequence d[AG3(T2AG3)3] based on three G-tetrads and as ligands the   perylene  di-imide . We checked out molecular docking simulation of binding of perylene di-imide to a slected G-quadruplex using dock 6.9 to examine whether or not to reproduced the loop binding mode of perylene di-imide.
The simulation gave the two highest rank docking pose of perylene di-imide and the binding mode were external stacking on the terminal guanine tetrade and the groove binding.
Aula a Media Luz en Preescolar, La Integración y Desarrollo Armónico de un Menor con Retinopatía del Prematuro Durante Dos Trimestres del Ciclo Escolar 2023-2024 En La Ciudad de Chihuahua
Authors: Rivera Ayala Azucena
Published: April 2024

El presente artículo de investigación surge por la necesidad de hacer visible la fortaleza de la vinculación educativa, un caso que causó conflicto con algunas figuras de autoridad, y un derecho que debía ofertarse, con la calidez humana y el rigor que las leyes estipulan. En un desconocimiento del tema: la retinopatía del prematuro, el preescolar regular en el cual se desarrolló la investigación, derivada de la vinculación con el Centro de Atención Múltiple (CAM) pretendía construir un aula a media luz, con la iluminación necesaria para brindar al menor de 6 años las herramientas que le permitieran su desarrollo armónico en este primer acercamiento a la escuela regular, siendo este el objetivo principal de la investigación desarrollada con enfoque cualitativo y de tipo fenomenológico descriptivo y participativo, para que desde la percepción de la población de estudio, caracterizar las cualidades de un colectivo integrador e identificar y valorar los avances adquiridos por el menor, a través de las adecuaciones pertinentes para la integración y desarrollo del estudiante. Se describen las estrategias implementadas para realizar los ajustes razonables, se valora y determina que hubo avances significativos en distintas áreas del desarrollo del menor, principalmente en su lenguaje. El trabajo colaborativo del colectivo hace diferencia en los resultados, al asumir en conjunto un compromiso de apertura y auténtica inclusión educativa.
Adopting Sustainable Practice: the Benefits to the Nigerian Construction Industry
Authors: Adejumo Adepoju Moses , Duyile Adedamola Salus , Agbaje Doyin Hellen , Olorunlogbon Olayemi Olamide , Asa Damilola Oluwatosin
Published: April 2024

The negative impacts of construction activities on the environment have become a global concern, which has caught the attention of researchers worldwide. One medium to encourage the adoption of sustainable construction practices and curb this global menace is the identification of their benefits. Thus, this research seeks to explore the benefits of adopting sustainable practices in the Nigerian construction industry. A total of (26) benefits were extracted from an extensive review of relevant literature which was then used to formulate a well-structured questionnaire distributed to construction professionals in Lagos State, Nigeria. A total of 216 responses were received and found usable for analysis. The responses were analyzed using mean scores, factor analysis, and reliability tests. The findings showed that the major benefits of adopting sustainable construction practices in Nigeria are improved environment, clients and user satisfaction, enhanced quality of life, improved productivity, and reduced cost. The study concluded that, when the project lifecycle is taken into account, sustainable construction tends to save 18% of the total project cost, making it less expensive than conventional construction. Therefore, it is proposed that governments and construction stakeholders educate clients about the benefits of sustainable practices during building operations, as highlighted in this study, in order for them to be implemented effectively.
KEPEMIMPINAN YANG BERSAHABAT
Authors: Mofun Costantinus Ponsius Yogie
Published: April 2024

Dalam berbagai gereja di Indonesia masih belum terlalu banyak melakukan pola pelayanan yang bersifat intergenerasional. Hal ini disebabkan karena dalam sistem bergereja hubungan antargenerasi belum terlalu kuat. Ada beberapa generasi yang selalu mendominasi di dalamnya dan menyebabkan generasi-generasi lain tidak terlibat aktif dalam gereja. Proses tersebut juga terjadi di dalam kepemimpinan gereja. Kepemimpinan dalam gereja di Indonesia selalu menempatkan posisi mereka sebagai kepemimpinan yang menghamba. Hal ini dilihat dari konsep pemahaman bahwa para pemimpin gereja sebagai hamba dari Tuhan. Kepemimpinan yang menghamba ini juga sering dilihat sebagai kepemimpinan yang dilakukan dengan hal yang dominan sehingga pelayanan tidak dapat berjalan dengan efektif. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan kepemimpinan yang bersahabat dalam menjawab persoalan yang terjadi.
SPIRITUALITAS BISNIS
Authors: Anwar Three Millenium Waruwu
Published: April 2024

Pengembangan entrepreneurship berlandaskan nilai-nilai Alkitabiah menjadi semakin krusial di tengah masyarakat modern yang dihantui oleh ketidaksetaraan sosial dan ketidakstabilan ekonomi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki kontribusi entrepreneurship Alkitabiah sebagai solusi terhadap permasalahan tersebut. Dengan menyorot penurunan tingkat kemiskinan namun meluasnya ketimpangan ekonomi di Indonesia, penelitian ini mendemonstrasikan bahwa usaha mikro dan kecil berbasis nilai-nilai Alkitabiah dapat memperbaiki disparitas sosial dan memajukan kesejahteraan. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka digunakan untuk menggali pemahaman mendalam terkait implementasi nilai-nilai Alkitabiah dalam entrepreneurship serta dampaknya terhadap keberlanjutan bisnis dan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengusaha Alkitabiah, melalui nilai-nilai seperti kejujuran dan keadilan, mampu menciptakan lingkungan bisnis yang adil, inklusif, dan berkelanjutan. Selain itu, tanggung jawab sosial menjadi integral dalam model bisnis ini, dengan fokus pada pemberdayaan komunitas dan kontribusi positif kepada masyarakat. Penelitian ini merinci bagaimana nilai-nilai Alkitabiah dapat menjadi landasan untuk membangun solusi entrepreneurship yang berdampak positif pada kesejahteraan bersama dalam konteks ekonomi yang kompleks.
 
Kata Kunci: Entrepreneurship Alkitabiah, Ketidaksetaraan Sosial, Keberlanjutan Bisnis, Tanggung Jawab Sosial.
KEPEMIMPINAN PENDETA YANG ADAPTIF
Authors: Sitorus Gideon Hasiholan
Published: April 2024

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan serta mengembangkan suatu model kepemimpinan pendeta yang responsif ditengah fenomena hustle culture saat ini yaitu dengan tawaran model kepemimpinan situasional. Hal tersebut didasarkan pada realitas kepemimpinan pendeta yang identik dengan penerapan model kepemimpinan operasional yang berorientasi pada pengawasan kuantitas kehadiran jemaat dalam kebaktian setiap minggunya. Realitas tersebut mengawali kegelisahan penulis untuk melakukan konstruksi terhadap model kepemimpinan pendeta dari operasional ke situasional, terutama jika diperhadapkan dengan fenomena hustle culture saat ini. Melalui metode penelitian kualitatif serta pendekatan studi pustaka, tulisan ini menemukan hasil bahwa pendeta sebagai pemimpin umat Alah harus mampu mengesampingkan sikap atau sistem kepemimpinan yang otoritatif. Dengan mengejawantahkan model kepemimpinan situasional yang mampu mendialogkan situasi jemaat yang dipenuhi kompleksitas kehidupan sehari-hari dengan degradasi kehadiran jemaat di gereja.
Examining the Impact of Renewable Energy on the Economy Using the ARDL Method
Authors: Ziya Amin , Sotoudenia Karani Salman
Published: April 2024

Objective: With the continual increase in the global population and the limited availability of energy resources, energy consumption has become a concern for all countries. Today, renewable energies have made it possible to utilize all natural potentials for energy production. However, a comprehensive examination in this field must be conducted to meet the country's energy needs and identify all areas for exploiting renewable energies. Subsequently, the creation of infrastructure and suitable environments for the exploitation, development, and provision of energy becomes significantly important. The results indicate that there is an asymmetric relationship between economic growth, energy consumption, and financial development, such that in the long and short term, a positive shock in energy consumption and financial development has led to a decrease in economic growth. The positive shock in energy consumption shows that producers' efforts to reduce energy consumption cause a reduction in economic growth in the short term. Methodology: This research investigates the impact of renewable energies on the economy using the ARDL method. Findings: The first objective of this issue is to minimize the construction costs of regional warehouses in Tehran under various scenarios, and the second objective is to minimize the costs of supply, maintenance of goods in regional warehouses; minimize the costs of sending and maintaining goods in the central warehouse; minimize the costs related to sending goods to demand points, and minimize the costs related to leftover goods in each region at the end of each period. Conclusion: The results show that the designed model optimizes the logistics costs of relief and rescue.
Structural Model Presentation for Readiness to Change Based on Achievement Motivation and Psychological Capital with Problem-Solving Mediation in Islamic Azad University of Roudehen Students
Authors: Salehi Roodposhti Leila , Behboodi Masoumeh
Published: April 2024

Objective: The current research aimed to present a structural model for readiness to change based on achievement motivation and psychological capital with problem-solving mediation in students of Islamic Azad University, Roudehen. Methods and Materials: The research method was correlational using structural equation modeling, and the population included all undergraduate students at Islamic Azad University, Roudehen branch, in the academic year 2022-2023. The sample size comprised 220 individuals selected via multi-stage cluster random sampling and responded to the Readiness for Change Questionnaire by Sloo (2006), Hermans' Achievement Motivation (1970), and Cassidy and Long's (1996) Problem-Solving Styles questionnaire. Findings: The findings from the structural equation modeling using AMOS software indicated that the structural model of the study fits the collected data. Moreover, achievement motivation positively and significantly predicts readiness for change in students. Psychological capital also predicts readiness for change positively and significantly in students. Adaptive problem-solving strategies positively and maladaptive strategies negatively and significantly predict readiness for change in students. Conclusion: Both adaptive and maladaptive problem-solving strategies significantly mediate the relationship between achievement motivation and readiness for change, as well as between psychological capital and readiness for change in students.
Design and Validation of a Model for Developing Creative Thinking Skills in Educational Managers
Authors: Ghahremani Ali , Shafizadeh Hamid , Solimani Naderian
Published: April 2024

Objective: Recognizing the factors that influence creativity and enhancing creative skills is essential to facilitate the enhancement of creativity in environments such as schools. Therefore, the current research aims to examine the role of individual and social variables in predicting students' creative progress. Methods and Materials: This applied research was conducted with a mixed-method approach and an exploratory design. The qualitative sample consisted of 25 professors from the educational management departments of universities in Mashhad, selected through purposive sampling and considering the saturation rule. The quantitative sample included all school managers working in middle and high schools in the sacred city of Mashhad, with a sample size of 172 individuals, calculated based on Cochran's formula. In the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews were used, while in the quantitative section, a researcher-developed questionnaire was employed. Findings: The qualitative results identified two main categories: intra-personal skills and inter-personal skills, along with six subcategories: technical skills, problem-solving skills, ethical skills, emotional competencies, cognitive competencies, and social competencies derived from the interviews. Structural equation modeling results indicated that creative self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation are significant predictors of creative advancement. Wisdom did not significantly predict creativity, while general self-efficacy indirectly predicted creativity through its impact on creative self-efficacy. The university environment also had a significant role in predicting students' creative advancement. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the current research, considering social factors alongside individual factors provides a clearer and more comprehensive understanding of students' creativity.
Examining the Effects of Impulsivity, Intolerance of Uncertainty, and Smartphone Management Styles on Smartphone Addiction with the Mediating Role of Warm Executive Functions
Authors: Asheri Maryam , Ghodsi Parvaneh , Ghasemi Masoud
Published: April 2024

Objective: The increasing use and influence of mobile phones on individuals' daily habits, behaviors, and lifestyles have brought significant changes and may cause serious and important problems in people's lives. This study investigated the impact of variables such as impulsivity and intolerance of uncertainty, along with smartphone management styles on smartphone addiction, mediated by warm executive functions. Methods and Materials: The current study was descriptive and correlational. The sample consisted of 722 high school students selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Bianchi and Phillips (2005) Mobile Phone Addiction Questionnaire, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (1997), the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale by Dugas et al. (1998), the Hsieh, Jen, and Chou (2019) Smartphone Management Styles Questionnaire, and the BRIEF Executive Functions Questionnaire (Parent Form) by Gerard et al. (2000). Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through AMOS software version 25. Findings: Results indicated significant inverse relationships between impulsivity and warm executive functions (β = -0.74, p < 0.001), impulsivity and smartphone addiction (β = -0.56, p < 0.001), and warm executive functions and smartphone addiction (β = -0.51, p < 0.001). Direct and significant relationships were found between intolerance of uncertainty and warm executive functions (β = 0.66, p < 0.001), intolerance of uncertainty and smartphone addiction (β = 0.73, p < 0.001), and warm executive functions and smartphone addiction (β = -0.51, p < 0.001). Significant inverse relationships existed between management styles and warm executive functions (β = -0.83, p < 0.001), and management styles and smartphone addiction (β = -0.71, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that there are relationships between impulsivity, intolerance of uncertainty, and smartphone management styles with smartphone addiction mediated by warm executive functions.
Development of an Emotion Regulation Training Protocol and Evaluation of its Effectiveness on Internet Addiction in Female Students
Authors: Kheiripour Fataneh , Bahrami Hidaji Maryam , Mohammadi Shirmahaleh Fatemeh , Rafezi Zohreh , Asgharpour Mania
Published: April 2024

Objective: The present study aimed to develop a protocol for emotion regulation training and to examine its effectiveness on internet addiction among female students. Methods and Materials: The methodology of this study was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, control group, and follow-up period. The study population consisted of all female internet-using high school students in Islamshahr in the year 2021 (ages 15 to 18). The sample size was 100 participants who were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaires (1972) and Jackson’s Sensitivity to Reinforcement Questionnaires (2009) were administered before and after the training sessions to the relevant groups. The findings were analyzed using a mixed-methods approach. Findings: The analysis showed that emotion regulation training led to a reduction in internet addiction (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Consequently, it can be stated that employing an emotion regulation approach can effectively reduce internet addiction among students.
Structural Modeling of Risk-Taking Behaviors Based on Attention Systems with the Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation in Substance Users
Authors: Rezaei Kachi Vahid , Foroozandeh Elham , Tabatabaei Nejad Fatemeh Sadat , Banitaba Seyed Mostafa
Published: April 2024

Objective: The aim of the current study was to determine the structural model of risk-taking behaviors based on the attention system with the mediating role of emotion regulation among substance users. Methods and Materials: This research was a descriptive-correlational study using structural equation modeling. The population included all marijuana users in Isfahan who visited addiction treatment centers in 2023. The sample comprised 250 marijuana users selected via convenience sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using cognitive training software for attention and memory, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), and a risky behavior questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation were used to organize, summarize, and describe the data on participant characteristics and research variables. In the inferential statistics section, structural equation modeling and Pearson correlation methods were employed to analyze the data using SPSS 22 and AMOS 22. Findings: The model fit indices PCFI = 0.599, PNFI = 0.611, CMIN/DF = 2.88, RMSEA = 0.072, IFI = 0.913, CFI = 0.920, and GFI = 0.909 indicated a good fit of the proposed model with the data. Thus, the proposed model exhibited satisfactory fit. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the structural model of risk-taking behaviors based on the attention system with the mediating role of emotion regulation is appropriate for substance users.
Comparison of Behavioral Systems and Thought Control in Individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Major Depression, Panic Disorder, and Healthy Individuals
Authors: Sabokbar Zahra , Abolghasemi Shahnam , Farhangi Abdolhassan
Published: April 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare behavioral systems and thought control among individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depression, panic disorder, and healthy individuals. Methods and Materials: The method of the current research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-post-event in terms of implementation. The study population included all individuals attending neurology and psychiatry clinics in Qom during 2021-2022. In this study, a total of 200 individuals were selected as the sample (individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder: 50, individuals with major depression: 50, individuals with panic disorder: 50, and healthy individuals: 50) using a non-random and convenient sampling method. The research tools included the Carver and White (1994) Behavioral Systems Questionnaires and the Wells and Davies (1994) Thought Control Questionnaire. The research data were analyzed using the SPSS-24 statistical software, through descriptive and inferential statistics, specifically the multivariate analysis of variance. Findings: The results of the analysis indicated that behavioral systems and thought control vary among individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depression, panic disorder, and healthy individuals. Conclusion: Therefore, in the current study, thought control varies among individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depression, panic disorder, and healthy individuals.
Effectiveness of the Self-Harmonization Counseling Model Based on the Sharing Approach in Reducing Mother-Adolescent Conflicts: A Case Study
Authors: Shadabmehr Fahimeh , Esmaeily Masoumeh , Naimi Ebrahim , Rezapour Mirsaleh Yaser
Published: April 2024

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the self-harmonization counseling model based on the sharing approach in reducing mother-adolescent conflicts. Methods and Materials: The research method was quasi-experimental, employing case studies. For this purpose, three mother-adolescent pairs, characterized by non-sharing, high-conflict mothers, were selected in 2022 from Tehran using purposive sampling based on entry criteria. Over the course of eight 60-minute sessions, they underwent counseling using a sharing-focused self-harmonization model. Mothers and adolescents completed the Parent-Adolescent Conflict Questionnaire by Asadi Younesi et al. (2011) at baseline and intervention stages, while only mothers responded to the Sharing Lifestyle Questionnaire by Esmaeili et al. (2022) during these phases. Additionally, before treatment, both mothers and adolescents filled out the General Health Questionnaire GHQ-28 (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979). Data were analyzed using visual plotting, reliable change index, and percentage of improvement formula. Findings: The results indicated that the overall percentage of improvement in conflict post-intervention from the perspectives of parents and adolescents was 58.11% and 42.17% for the first participant, 47.01% and 37.13% for the second participant, and 28.29% and 27.75% for the third participant, respectively. Also, the increase in sharing by mothers was 62.23%, 51.88%, and 34.76% for the first, second, and third participants, respectively. These values represent successful short-term counseling outcomes. Conclusion: Therefore, the self-harmonization model based on the sharing approach provides an opportunity for mothers to foster self-harmonization across various dimensions by adopting a sharing attitude and implementing productive strategies, thereby experiencing reduced conflicts with their adolescents. The findings can be utilized by counselors in the fields of family and adolescent.
Comparison of Intra-Articular and Intravenous Tranexamic Acid for Loss of Blood in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Jamal Kashif , Shiraz Hafiz Muhammd , Uddin Shuja , Gill Usman Nazeer , Khalid Namra , Aslam Usman
Published: April 2024

Background: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is widely used in orthopedic surgeries to minimize blood loss, traditionally administered intravenously. Recent studies have explored intra-articular (IA) administration as a potentially more effective method due to its localized application and reduced systemic absorption.
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of IA and IV TXA in reducing blood loss in patients undergoing total hip replacement (THR).
Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, from August 30, 2019, to February 29, 2020, with approval from the Ethical Review Board. Seventy patients undergoing THR were enrolled and divided into two groups using a lottery system. Group A (n=35) received 1500 mg of IA TXA diluted in 100 ml of saline after implantation of THR components, while Group B (n=35) received 15 mg/kg of IV TXA five minutes before incision. Both groups were operated on using a lateral approach by the same surgeon. Postoperative blood loss was measured, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 20, with a p-value of <0.05 considered significant.
Results: The mean total blood loss in Group A was significantly lower at 446.23 ± 33.81 ml compared to Group B, which had a mean of 928.23 ± 43.93 ml (p-value = 0.0001). The results highlighted a marked reduction in blood loss with IA administration compared to IV.
Conclusion: IA administration of TXA during THR is more effective than IV administration in reducing total blood loss. This study supports the use of IA TXA as a safer, more efficient method for managing blood loss during hip replacement surgeries.
Oral Hygiene Awareness and Practice amongst Patients Visiting Locum Dentist at Private Clinic
Authors: Baig Iman , Mushtaq Talha Bin , Shehzadi Kanwal
Published: April 2024

Background: Oral hygiene is a fundamental aspect of general health, yet its importance is often overlooked. In regions like Pakistan, there is a notable deficiency in the awareness and practice of oral health maintenance, influenced by cultural norms and varying levels of education.
Objective: The study aimed to assess the oral hygiene awareness and practices among patients visiting a private clinic, focusing on the usage of toothbrushes, secondary cleaning methods, the incidence of halitosis, and patterns in dental visits.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample size of 384 patients selected via convenient sampling. Data were gathered using a pre-validated questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 22. The statistical analysis included descriptive statistics to report frequencies, percentages, and a comparison of oral hygiene practices based on educational level and gender.
Results: The majority of participants (59%, n=236) possessed a Bachelor's degree, while 32% (n=128) held a Masters/PhD. Toothbrushing twice a day was reported by 48% (n=192) of the sample, with medium bristles being the most popular choice. Secondary cleaning methods were less frequently employed, with flossing being the most common (39%, n=150). About 27% (n=104) of patients experienced halitosis, and only 40.5% (n=162) practiced tongue cleaning. Dental visits were primarily need-based, with 46.3% (n=178) of participants visiting a dentist only when required.
Conclusion: There is a pressing need for public health interventions to enhance the understanding and implementation of oral hygiene practices in Pakistan. The study indicates a critical link between educational initiatives and improved oral health behaviors.
Prevalence of Low Back Pain in Pregnant Females
Authors: Cheema Zainab Rashid , Akhtar Muhammad Waseem , Alam Muhammad Mahmood , Saeed Sameen , Burhan Muhammad , Rizwan Maira
Published: April 2024

Background: Low back pain (LBP) during pregnancy is a common condition that affects a significant number of women, impacting their daily activities and overall quality of life. Various studies have documented the prevalence and severity of LBP among pregnant women, highlighting the need for more focused healthcare strategies.
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, onset, and severity of LBP in pregnant women, and to evaluate the impact of LBP on their daily activities, with a view to enhancing prenatal care and management approaches.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over six months at two hospitals in Lahore, involving 181 pregnant women selected through non-probability convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire and the Numeric Pain Index Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, focusing on descriptive statistics to calculate means, standard deviations, and prevalence percentages. Ethical considerations followed the Helsinki Declaration guidelines, with informed consent obtained from all participants.
Results: The prevalence of LBP among the participants was 76.8%. The pain onset was most frequently reported in the second trimester (38.1% of cases). Severity assessments revealed 36.5% of participants experienced moderate pain and 40.3% severe pain. LBP significantly impaired daily functions, with many women reporting difficulties in walking, sitting, and engaging in other routine activities.
Conclusion: LBP is highly prevalent among pregnant women and begins primarily in the second trimester, with a considerable impact on daily activities. This study emphasizes the necessity for routine prenatal assessment and targeted interventions to manage LBP, which could improve pregnancy outcomes and maternal health.
Awareness of Medical Ethics Among Undergraduates of Physical Therapy
Authors: Jamal Sidra , Anwar Samra , Anwar Faiza , Afraz Nighat , Idrees Huma , Manzoor Isha , Fayaz Salma , Majeed Aqsa , Rafique Hira , Aslam Intsam
Published: April 2024

Background: Ethical awareness is fundamental to the practice of healthcare professionals, including physical therapists. With the evolving landscape of healthcare, an understanding of medical ethics becomes crucial for ensuring quality patient care and adherence to professional conduct.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the awareness and attitudes towards medical ethics among undergraduate students in Doctor of Physical Therapy programs in Lahore, assessing both gender differences and the impact of educational exposure on ethical understanding.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 undergraduate physical therapy students from both private and government universities over a six-month period following research synopsis approval. The sample size was calculated based on confidence level, predicted proportion, and desired accuracy. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyze data, focusing on frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations.
Results: The study revealed that 34.5% of participants considered ethical issues to be very important, and 19.5% regarded them as extremely important. Lecture classes were the primary source of ethical knowledge for 47.0% of the students, while 23.5% relied on ethical books, and smaller percentages used seminars, workshops, and clinical training. There was a slight, non-significant difference in ethical awareness scores between male (52.5%) and female (47.5%) students. The duration of study was positively correlated with an increase in ethical awareness levels.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that while there is a high regard for the importance of medical ethics among physical therapy students, there are variations in the sources of their ethical knowledge and the depth of their understanding. Enhancing ethics education through diversified methods and increased practical applications may further improve ethical awareness and application in clinical settings.
Ways of Maintaining Pulp Vitality: Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Baig Iman , Mushtaq Talha Bin
Published: April 2024

Background: Dental caries is a prevalent global health issue, affecting a significant portion of the population and impacting social and personal well-being. Traditional methods focused on aggressive caries removal, but recent advances emphasize the importance of preserving pulp vitality through minimal invasive techniques.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of various vital pulp therapy techniques including indirect and direct pulp capping and pulpotomy, and to analyze the effectiveness of new biomaterials in preserving dental pulp vitality in teeth affected by caries or trauma.
Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using the Islamabad Medical and Dental College library and online databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. The review included peer-reviewed articles that discussed vital pulp therapy, materials used in pulp capping, and their outcomes. Articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria with no date restrictions, focusing solely on literature published in English.
Results: The review identified 32 relevant studies, indicating a shift towards less invasive procedures that prioritize dental pulp preservation. Innovations in biomaterials such as Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Biodentin, and resin-based MTA have shown to enhance healing outcomes and are increasingly preferred over traditional materials like Calcium Hydroxide due to their superior properties and clinical results.
Conclusion: Vital pulp therapies are crucial for managing teeth with deep carious lesions or trauma, offering a conservative alternative to more invasive treatments. These therapies are instrumental in maintaining the structural integrity and health of natural teeth, thus reducing the need for extensive dental procedures and promoting overall oral health.
Exploring the Impact of Cationic Surfactant Ctab on Bleu Brilliant G 250 De Cosmassie: Implications for Health Management and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Naz Asma , Akhtar Muhammad Hasnat , Hassan Waheed Ul , Ashraf Fatima , Bukhari Syed Waqas , Qaiser Muhammad , Abid Hafiz Muhammad Usman , Akhter Farah , Qureshi Muhammad Saleem , Aziz Abdul
Published: April 2024

Background: Surfactants are ubiquitous in both natural and industrial processes due to their unique ability to reduce surface tension and facilitate interactions between hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. Cationic surfactants like cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) are of particular interest because of their widespread applications in areas such as healthcare and environmental management. The interaction between surfactants and dyes, such as Bleu Brilliant G 250 de Cosmassie, is critical in industrial processes, especially in the textile industry where wastewater treatment poses significant environmental challenges.
Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the thermodynamic behavior of CTAB when combined with Bleu Brilliant G 250 de Cosmassie in aqueous solutions at room temperature. It sought to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the degree of counter-ion dissociation (α), and to calculate the changes in Gibbs free energy (ΔGm), enthalpy (ΔHm), and entropy (ΔSm) of the system.
Methods: The study employed conductometric and spectrophotometric techniques to analyze the CTAB-dye interactions. Solutions were prepared with varying concentrations of CTAB and Bleu Brilliant G 250 de Cosmassie in deionized water, ensuring solvent purity through stringent conductivity and pH monitoring. Electrical conductance was measured at different temperatures to determine the CMC, while absorbance spectra were recorded to observe changes in the interaction between the surfactant and dye. The degree of counter-ion dissociation was calculated by the slope ratio method, and thermodynamic parameters were computed using established equations.
Results: The conductometric studies revealed an increase in CMC with temperature, indicating a stabilization of surfactant monomers at higher temperatures. For CTAB and Bleu Brilliant system 1, the CMC was found to be 0.8 with α valued at 0.83. For system 2, the CMC values were 1.55 and 1.6 with α values of 1.01 and 0.91, respectively. Thermodynamically, the system displayed a Gibbs free energy of micellization of -33.09 KJ/mol, an enthalpy change of -6.53, and an entropy change of 0.1325 JK^-1 mol^-1.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the interaction between CTAB and Bleu Brilliant G 250 de Cosmassie is influenced significantly by temperature, which affects the micellization behavior and thermodynamic properties. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the fundamental thermodynamic parameters influencing surfactant-dye interactions, providing insights that may improve industrial processes and environmental sustainability.
Dietary Modifications for the Malnourished Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Fatima Rimsha , Fatima Ieaman , Fizza Yousaf  , Kaynat Wajeeha , Ikram Nimra , Ansar Sadia , Khan Moha Akram
Published: April 2024

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder that often results in physical disability, particularly affecting movement and posture. Children with CP are particularly susceptible to malnutrition due to various factors including difficulties with feeding, altered metabolism, and increased nutritional needs related to their condition.
Objective: The primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of tailored dietary interventions on the health outcomes of malnourished children with CP, focusing on weight, height, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and biochemical parameters such as hemoglobin and vitamin D levels.
Methods: This quantitative study involved 20 malnourished children with CP, aged 2-14 years, selected via random sampling in Lahore, Pakistan. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was secured from all participants' guardians. Participants were assigned to one of five dietary treatment plans varying in composition of protein, calcium, and micronutrients. Key assessments included anthropometric measurements (weight, height, WHR) and biochemical analyses (hemoglobin, RBC, WBC, platelets, vitamin D, calcium levels), conducted at baseline and every 30 days for a 90-day period. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with significance set at α=0.05.
Results: Dietary modifications led to significant improvements in average weight gain (p=0.05), with specific increases noted in height and WHR, also at the significance level of α=0.05. Biochemical markers showed notable improvements, with hemoglobin levels increasing by an average of 12%, and vitamin D levels rising significantly, demonstrating the effectiveness of the dietary interventions in addressing nutritional deficiencies in the CP population.
Conclusion: The study confirms that dietary interventions tailored to the specific needs of children with CP can substantially improve their growth metrics and biochemical profiles, underlining the necessity of integrating personalized nutrition strategies into routine care for these patients to enhance their overall health outcomes.
Association Between Knee Pain and Patellofemoral Syndrome (PFS) In Football Players
Authors: Haris Muhammad , Hayat Muhammad Khizer , Noreen Samiya , Majeed Aqsa , Khurshid Azfar , Azfar Hanan , Hashim Adnan
Published: April 2024

Background: Knee pain and patellofemoral syndrome (PFS) are common among athletes, particularly in sports requiring extensive lower limb use such as football. These conditions can significantly impair performance and quality of life.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of knee pain and patellofemoral syndrome among football players, and to explore the association between these conditions.
Methods: The study was conducted with 145 football players who provided informed consent, in alignment with the Declaration of Helsinki. Data were collected using structured surveys that included the Numeric Pain Rating Scale and the Kujala Scoring questionnaire. The analysis utilized SPSS software (version 25) to conduct descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data were assessed by frequencies and percentages, while quantitative data analysis involved computing means and standard deviations. The association between knee pain and PFS was examined using a Pearson Chi-Square test.
Results: The average age of participants was 22.95 years (SD = 2.83), ranging from 19 to 28 years. Regarding knee pain, 8.3% reported no pain, 26.2% mild pain, 32.4% moderate pain, and 33.1% severe pain. For PFS symptoms, 10.3% of players had no symptoms, 27.6% mild, 31.7% moderate, and 30.3% severe symptoms. The Pearson Chi-Square test yielded a p-value of less than 0.05, indicating a significant association between knee pain and the presence of PFS.
Conclusion: The study confirmed a significant correlation between knee pain and PFS among football players, highlighting the need for targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies in sports settings to enhance player health and performance.