bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy Flux Paths in Lakes and Reservoirs
Authors: Guseva Sofya , Casper Peter , Sachs Torsten , Spank Uwe , Lorke Andreas
Published: November 2021

Mechanical energy in lakes is present in various types of water motion, including turbulent flows, surface and internal waves. The major source of kinetic energy is wind forcing at the water surface. Although a small portion of the vertical wind energy flux in the atmosphere is transferred to water, it is crucial for physical, biogeochemical and ecological processes in lentic ecosystems. To examine energy fluxes and energy content in surface and internal waves, we analyze extensive datasets of air- and water-side measurements collected at two small water bodies (<10 km2). For the first time we use directly measured atmospheric momentum fluxes. The estimated energy fluxes and content agree well with results reported for larger lakes, suggesting that the energetics governing water motions in enclosed basins is similar, independent of basin size. The largest fraction of wind energy flux is transferred to surface waves and increases strongly nonlinearly for wind speeds exceeding 3 m s−1. The energy content is largest in basin-scale and high-frequency internal waves but shows seasonal variability and varies among aquatic systems. At one of the study sites, energy dissipation rates varied diurnally, suggesting biogenic turbulence, which appears to be a widespread phenomenon in lakes and reservoirs.
Modeling the Soil Erosion Regulation Ecosystem Services of the Landscape in Polish Catchments
Authors: Istanbuly Mustafa Nur , Dostál Tomáš , Jabbarian Amiri Bahman
Published: November 2021

In this study, the soil erosion regulation ecosystem services of the CORINE land use/ land cover types along with soil intrinsic features and geomorphological factors were examined by using the soil erosion data of 327 catchments in Poland, with a mean area of 510 ± 330 km2, applying a multivariate regression modeling approach. The results showed that soil erosion is accelerated by the discontinuous urban fabric (r = 0.224, p ≤ 0.01), by construction sites (r = 0.141, p ≤ 0.05), non-irrigated arable land (r = 0.237, p ≤ 0.01), and is mitigated by coniferous forest (r = −0.322, p ≤ 0.01), the clay ratio (r = −0.652, p ≤ 0.01), and the organic content of the soil (r = −0.622, p ≤ 0.01). The models also indicated that there is a strong relationship between soil erosion and the percentage of land use/land cover types (r2 = [0.62, 0.82, 0.83, 0.74]), i.e., mixed forest, non-irrigated arable land, fruit trees and berry plantations, broad-leaf forest, sport and leisure facilities, construction sites, and mineral extraction sites. The findings show that the soil erosion regulation ecosystem service is sensitive to broadleaf forests, rainfed agriculture, soil water content, terrain slope, drainage network density, annual precipitation, the clay ratio, the soil carbon content, and the degree of sensitivity increases from the broadleaf forest to the soil carbon content.
The Spatiotemporal Relationship between Landslides and Mechanisms at the Heifangtai Terrace, Northwest China
Authors: Gu Tianfeng , Wang Jiading , Lin Henry , Xue Qiang , Sun Bin , Kong Jiaxu , Sun Jiaxing , Wang Chenxing , Zhang Fanchen , Wang Xiao
Published: November 2021

Landslide disasters have occurred frequently in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) due to increased agricultural irrigation. To explore the spatiotemporal relationship between landslides and mechanisms at the Heifangtai terrace, the HFT irrigated area was selected as a typical case study to investigate the fundamental mechanism of the irrigation-induced landslide in the CLP. Multi-temporal remote sensing images, topographic maps, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry data were used to investigate the evolution progress of landslides. Moreover, the evolution mechanism was discussed through topographic analysis, field monitoring, and laboratory testing. The results showed that erosion, collapse, and sliding had occurred at different scales and at different locations in the past 50 years. With an average retrogressive speed of 9.6 × 103 m2 per year, the tableland decreased by 4.9 × 105 m2 from 1967 to 2018, accounting for about 4.5% of its total area. Over 20 landslides and collapses were extracted in the Dangchuan section in the past four years. More than 5.48 × 105 m3 of loess slipped with an average volume of 381 m3 per day. The evolutionary process of the irrigation-induced landslide, which features retrogression, lateral extension, and clustering, began with local failure and ended in a series of slidings. The increase of groundwater level was a slow process, which is the reason for the lagged occurrence of the landslide. The influence of rainfall and irrigation on slope stability was greater than that of the periodic change of the groundwater level. The triggering effect of irrigation and rainfall on the landslide had a time lag due to slow loess infiltration, and the time response among irrigation, rainfall, and groundwater level was 4–6 months. Our findings provide guidance, concerning the planning and controlling of landslide disasters, which is of critical value for human and construction safety.
Effects of Imazapyr on Spartina alterniflora and Soil Bacterial Communities in a Mangrove Wetland
Authors: Mo Xue , Dong Panpan , Xie Lumeng , Xiu Yujiao , Wang Yanqi , Wu Bo , Liu Jiakai , Song Xiuhua , Zhang Mingxiang , Zhang Zhenming
Published: November 2021

The invasion of Spartina alterniflora (S. alterniflora) has caused serious damage to coastal wetland ecosystems in China, especially the mangrove wetlands in South China. This study aimed to validate the effect of imazapyr on S. alterniflora and soil. The controlled experiment was conducted in May 2021 at the Zhangjiangkou Mangrove Wetland Reserve. In the experiment, 25% (W) imazapyr was used, and six treatments were set up: 3035, 6070, and 9105 mL/acre 25% imazapyr and 1299, 2604, and 5202 mL/acre of AGE 809 + 6070 mL/acre 25% imazapyr. The results showed no side effects on mangrove plants in the spraying area. The highest control efficiency (95.9%) was given by 2604 mL/acre of AGE 809 + 6070 mL/acre 25% imazapyr. The residues of imazapyr in different soils were reduced to 0.10–0.59 mg/kg. The sequencing results showed no significant difference in the overall bacterial communities under different treatments (p > 0.05). The soil bacterial diversity in the samples with adjuvant was higher than that in the samples without adjuvant, while the abundance values were the opposite. There were 10 main communities (>0.3%) at phylum level in all soil samples, among which Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Chloflexi, and Actinobacteria were the dominant communities, and the latter four’s abundance changed significantly (p < 0.05). There were significant abundance differences between the groups of oligotrophic and eutrophic bacteria. The redundancy analysis and Monte Carlo tests showed that the total organic carbon (TOC), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), ammonia nitrogen, and total nitrogen were the main factors affecting soil bacterial diversity. At the same time, TOC, AP, and TP were the most critical factors affecting the overall characteristics of soil bacterial communities in different treatments, while soil residues had no significant effect on bacteria. This might be due to the addition and degradation of imazapyr and the coverage of S. alterniflora. The best recommendation is 2604 mL/acre of AGE 809 + 6070 mL/acre 25% imazapyr to be applied in China’s mangrove wetland reserves and coastal wetlands.
PRIORITY PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL REGULATION OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY OF UKRAINE
Authors: PELEKH Oksana
Published: November 2021

The article defines the principles of structural regulation of the national economy in the near future in the form of restructuring. The tasks of structural policy actors at the micro-, macro- and meso- levels are considered. According to the results of structural and temporal analysis conducted in the previous works of the author, four target areas are identified: general indicators, sectoral development and development of productive forces, export-import of goods and services, wages and international labor migration. The formed goals are generalized in the form of three dominants of development: focus on economic growth, stabilization of structural, spatial and temporal development, equalization of levels of development. It was noted that in the short term and medium term, Ukraine should benefit from its competitive advantages and, above all, develop industries in which it already has some achievements and can successfully compete in the domestic and global markets. These are primarily agriculture and the processing industry, light and furniture industries, information technology and the production and sale of weapons. It is proposed to develop and implement targeted comprehensive programs, similar to those implemented for regional structural development of the community in European Union (EU) member states: national programs, namely, «Intellectual Development», «Infrastructure and Environment», support of regions, «Development of knowledge education»; a number of regional programs ‒ support for research, entrepreneurship, activities related to road and railway infrastructure, municipal government, revitalization, health care infrastructure and social services, etc. To implement programs and goals, it is proposed to use the tools of «soft» and «hard» influence.
PROSPECTS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE MODEL OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE’S ECONOMY
Authors: HORBACHENKO Stanislav
Published: November 2021

The theoretical basis of innovative development is analyzed in the article. Global trends that motivate countries to use models of innovative development are determined. Requirements to the model of innovative development are formulated: flexibility (possibility of adaptation to concrete management systems); scientific (use of modern achievements of management science and involvement of external consultants), adequacy (response to changes in the external environment); creativity (focus on the creative potential of managers); rationality (optimization of organizational relations); reliability (proper information support); efficiency (cost savings); multivariate (availability of alternative management decisions in each situation). The models of innovative development, which are effectively used abroad, are analyzed, in particular: orientation towards leadership in science and implementation of large-scale projects; focus on creating a favorable innovation environment and rationalizing the structure of the economy; focus on creating an innovative infrastructure and society’s acceptance of the role of scientific and technological innovations. It is proved that the classical format of «Asian» model is inappropriate for Ukraine, but it is possible to form its domestic modification with the active participation of universities. A model for managing innovative development consisting of two subsystems is proposed: managing and managed. It is substantiated that the control subsystem in this model is the state and regional government, and the managed subsystem is, first of all, a set of business entities and their associations within which the managerial influence on goods and services, personnel, finance, technology, marketing, etc. It is specified that the model of innovative development of the national economy constantly provides new opportunities for the management system and creates an intellectual foundation for the effective implementation of innovations.
Implementasi Protokol Kesehatan CHSE dalam Meningkatkan Kepercayaan Tamu di Hotel
Authors: Aprilia Lu'luwatin Rosdiana , Marini Sri , Yahya Antonius Iskandar
Published: November 2021

Dampak covid-19 telah memberikan perhatian lebih kepada sektor pariwisata. Tingkat ancaman dan resiko dari pandemi Covid-19 secara signifikan mengurangi niat wisatawan untuk menginap di hotel.
CHSE merupakan kebijakan yang diterapkan oleh pemerintah khususnya oleh Kemenparekraf RI dalam mencegah meluasnya pandemic Covid - 19 di Indonesia. CHSE mengusung bersih, sehat, aman dan lingkungan yang ramah. Tren tamu saat ini adalah memilih tempat yang bersih dan aman dari covid-19. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi protokol Kesehatan CHSE di hotel, untuk mengetahui tingkat kepercayaan tamu untuk menginap dan mengetahui factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi implementasi CHSE. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif.
Informan dalam Penelitian ini adalah 3 General Manager dari Hotel yang dipilih, 15 tamu dari masing- masing Hotel serta studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data kualitatif yang dilakukan secara interaktif melalui prosesdata reduction, data display, dan verification. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  implementasi protocol kesehatan CHSE sudah cukup berhasil dalam meningkatkan kepercayaan tamu untuk menginap. Tamu memiliki kepercayaan dengan adanya sertifikat CHSE yang dipajang di hotel dan media promosi lainnya menjadi satu jaminan penularan covid-19 dapat dieliminir. Faktor internal seperti dukungan sarana dan prasarana Kesehatan dan faktor eksternal yaitu adanya kerjasama dan koordinasi antar pihak terkait, kebijakan publik dan kesadaran pelanggan sangat mempengaruhi implementasi protocol Kesehatan CHSE
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT REFORMS IN THE XIX CENTURY IN RUSSIA
Authors: Zolotareva M.
Published: November 2021

The article is a continuation of the study of the management of the construction sector in the Russian Empire. XIX century is a time of fundamentally new approaches in this industry. Transformations are taking place in the field of construction production and in its regulatory framework. Architectural science is developing, new building materials and structures are being introduced, new branches of construction production are emerging (construction of railways, erection of buildings using large-span structures). The Construction Charter is prepared and issued, which is repeatedly reissued at this time - the main regulatory document governing the design of construction and the management of these processes. The Timed Provisions defining the standardization of construction production are being introduced and improved. At the same time, there is a search for the most rational management system for the architectural and construction complex. It is no coincidence that during the 19th century the head organization of construction management, as well as the territorial and local bodies of control and management subordinate to it, are changed three times. Management issues are transferred to the Ministries and equivalent institutions. The first state body for managing the architectural and construction complex was the Ministry of Internal Affairs. However, by the 1830s need to organize a specialized construction management arose, which will become the Main Directorate of Railways and Public Buildings. In the 1860s, construction management changed again - the Technical and Construction Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs became the head organization. All these transformations are accompanied by corresponding reforms in the field.
MODERN TRENDS OF FUNCTIONAL-PLANNING FORMATION OF ICE FACILITIES
Authors: Tryuhan M. , Barabash M.
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the development of ice sports facilities. The current trends in the development of the architecture of ice arenas and sports facilities in the world are described. The functions of modern ice sports facilities and their transformation from the beginning of the appearance of the first indoor ice arenas are considered. Changes in the typology of ice arenas are considered in connection with the modern conditions of urban life and with the development of construction and engineering technologies. The conditions for the architectural formation of sports facilities with artificial ice are presented. The analysis of domestic and foreign experience in the design of modern sports ice facilities reveals the features of the space-planning structure of urban planning conditions. The prospects for the development of ice sports facilities from the point of view of the multifunctionality and universality of buildings are described. Possible measures aimed at improving the energy efficiency of sports ice arenas and complexes are presented. The article touches upon the issue of ensuring the safety of people in the conditions of their mass congestion at sports events through the architectural and spatial organization of the building and the adjacent territory. Multifunctionality, all-season nature, as well as the growing trend of filling sports ice facilities with public entertainment functions will attract a large number of people to visit ice arenas, as well as raise the level of public interest in sports
Rational Design of Thermosensitive Hydrogel to Deliver Nanocrystals with Intranasal Administration for Brain Targeting in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Tan Yun , Liu Yao , Liu Yujing , Ma Rui , Luo Jingshan , Hong Huijie , Chen Xiaojia , Wang Shengpeng , Liu Chuntai , Zhang Yi , Chen Tongkai
Published: November 2021

Mitochondrial dysfunction is commonly detected in individuals suffering from Parkinson’s disease (PD), presenting within the form of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as well as energy metabolism. Overcoming this dysfunction within brain tissues is an effective approach to treat PD, while unluckily, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) substantially impedes intracerebral drug delivery. In an effort to improve the delivery of efficacious therapeutic drugs to the brain, a drug delivery platform hydrogel (MAG-NCs@Gel) was designed by complexing magnolol (MAG)-nanocrystals (MAG-NCs) into the noninvasive thermosensitive poly(
N
-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) with self-gelation. The as-prepared MAG-NCs@Gel exhibited obvious improvements in drug solubility, the duration of residence with the nasal cavity, and the efficiency of brain targeting, respectively. Above all, continuous intranasal MAG-NCs@Gel delivery enabled MAG to cross the BBB and enter dopaminergic neurons, thereby effectively alleviating the symptoms of MPTP-induced PD. Taking advantage of the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior of this delivery platform increases its viscoelasticity in nasal cavity, thus improving the efficiency of MAG-NCs transit across the BBB. As such, MAG-NCs@Gel represented an effective delivery platform capable of normalizing ROS and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the mitochondria of dopaminergic neurons, consequently reversing the mitochondrial dysfunction and enhancing the behavioral skills of PD mice without adversely affecting normal tissues.
English travelers in early modern Cyprus: Piety, commerce and anti-Ottoman sentiment
Authors: Ruiz Mas José
Published: November 2021

English travelers in Lusignan and Venetian Cyprus saw the island as the last obligatory stop on their maritime pilgrimage route to the Holy Land. After the Ottoman conquest of Cyprus (1571) the island was visited almost exclusively by English merchants on the lookout for the construction of factories on Eastern Mediterranean shores. They were attracted by Cyprus’s famed fertility and by the abundance of much-valued products to trade with. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries English traders were nevertheless issued with warnings by English travel accounts. These dealt with the danger of over-trusting the paradise-like prospects of the island and remaining there for good, with the subsequent risk of “turning Turk.” In order to discourage English travelers and residents from becoming renegades in Cyprus, travel accounts included abundant morbid information on the brutal repression applied by the Great Turk upon Cypriot cities in the Wars of Cyprus and upon other anti-Ottoman Christian insurrections.
Quality assessment of open urban spaces based on the integral indicator of comfort in the urban environment.
Authors:   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov A. E.
Published: November 2021

The paper presents a method of point automated assessment of a person’s comfort in an urban environment. A distinctive feature of the developed method is that the peculiarities of the individual’s perception of the main factors that determine the comfort level at each of the given urban space points are taken into account when evaluating the indicators of the comfort of the urban environment. This approach makes it possible to increase the correspondence of the obtained estimates to the goals and objectives of urban environment development and the significance of their use in managing the development of territories. The use of open data within the proposed method ensures the promptness of calculating urban space quality indicators. The implementation of the developed method is based on open source software. In the framework of testing the proposed method, the integral indicator of comfort was calculated and visualized for the territory of Vasilievskiy Island in St. Petersburg.
Hierarchical model of life quality indicators and the national projects implementation.
Authors:   ICM SB RAS, Korobko A.V. , Nicheporchuk V.V. , Metus A.M.
Published: November 2021

The structural characteristics and features of the implementation of activities of regional programs in the context of national projects have been investigated in this paper. A hierarchical model of assessing the life quality of population based on the target indicators of socio-economic development of territories is proposed.
Basic requirements for television communications with laser illumination when creating integrated underwater vehicle search systems.
Authors:   Admiral Makarov SUMIS, Martynov V.L. , Ksenofontov Yu.G. , Shimanskaya M.S. , Krechetova E.V. , Brodov M.B.
Published: November 2021

The intensive development of autonomous underwater robotic systems is of great importance for the development of the world’s oceans. One of the main problems of using underwater robotic systems is to increase the search performance of underwater vehicles based on the integration of the capabilities of onboard radio-electronic systems for obtaining information in various physical fields. Analyzing the physical basis of the search, including consideration of the environment of its conduct, objects, as well as means of detection, it can be noted that the result of conducting search operations of the same objects in the same water areas for different underwater robotic complexes depends on what means of detection they are equipped with. The presence of a certain composition of technical means will dictate the development of an optimal sequence of actions that make up the search algorithm. The creation of such algorithms in relation to the task of increasing the search potential of underwater robotics will determine the direction of scientific research that ensures the formation of an optimal underwater search system on it. The effective use of search resources justifies the conclusion that the radio-electronic means of underwater vehicles that form the underwater search system, in total, are a set of devices that are functionally combined with each other for its effective implementation. This association is aimed at forming the so-called integrated search system, which provides for the exchange of information between different search tools about all the objects found by them. The article presents the requirements for the creation of integrated search systems, taking into account practical experiments and experience in the design of underwater vehicles capable of implementing an optimal underwater search system based on laser technologies.
Research and development of a quantum computing system as an information process.
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Potapov V.S. , Gushansky S.M.
Published: November 2021

Over the past few decades, there has been a significant breakthrough in the field of quantum computing. Research is attracting growing interest, which has recently led to the development of quantum information systems prototypes and methods for their development. The paper describes the characteristics of the information system as an object of architecture and the representation of quantum gates using quantum circuits. A functional-component structure of a quantum information system has been built and a software implementation of a quantum information system has been made on its basis.
Exploring the Boundaries Between Visual Anthropology and Visual Communication Design Research
Authors: Bessemans Ann , Pérez Mena María
Published: November 2021

Researchers and/or designers in visual anthropology and visual communication share the visual aspect or visual study as a common interest. However, their views are different. Visual anthropologists consider the social impact and/or meaning of the visual communication within a culture. They are also interested in ways to present anthropological data by means of visual techniques.

Visual communication design researchers create visual communication, and are interested in how participants respond to visual matter in order to enhance the human experience. In a way, they are (partly) producing the visual culture visual anthropologists are reflecting upon.

In order to find out how and whether such disciplinary exploration might be fruitful, we were assigned three articles from Visual Anthropology Review within the category “Deaf Visual Culture.” As typographic legibility researchers within READSEARCH this felt familiar, since we have conducted several design studies (published and in preparation)—more specifically, practical legibility research—for the deaf and hard of hearing community.

As design researchers in legibility studies, we do see possibilities to build bridges among the disciplines of visual anthropology and visual communication. A remarkable resemblance between the different fields of study within a deaf culture, in our eyes, is the approach of trying to capture legibility/illegibility within language (spoken, signed, and/or written) by means of visual properties. Therefore, we would like to highlight differences and similarities between anthropology versus visual communication, drawing conclusions about why both disciplines should keep a close eye on each other. Implementing insights into their research practices and/or visual communication design artifacts may open horizons within innovative or even collaborative research projects. Both fields, visual anthropology and visual communication, are trying to contribute to a specific common concern in deaf education—namely, the educational context of language practice.
Re reading the Borderland Imaginary from 2021
Authors: Griffin Dori
Published: November 2021

This essay re-reads Margaret E. Dorsey and Miguel Diaz-Barriga’s “Beyond surveillance and moonscapes: An alternative imaginary of the U.S.–Mexico border wall” (2010) from the position of a design educator engaged with horizontal co-design methods for social and disciplinary change. The essay brings Dorsey and Diaz-Barriga’s ideas into conversation with a selection of relevant visual communication design outcomes and scholarship produced around the same time. It then rereads the value of that transdisciplinary conversation from within the present moment—one complicated, morally charged, and visually saturated by domestic immigration policy.
Drawing to Tell Versus Drawing to Intrigue?
Authors: Renner Michael
Published: November 2021

The article “Drawing It Out” by Haidy Geismar (2014) in Visual Anthropology Review (Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 97–113) focused on the use of images in early anthropology. The drawings by Arthur Bernard Deacon (1903–1927), which he made during his field studies in Vanuatu, New Hebrides from 1926 until his sudden death caused by blackwater fever in 1927, are the starting point of Geismar’s inquiry.

The author discusses Deacon’s drawings and infers the potential of drawing as a methodology for anthropology. Deacon was a young PhD candidate who was sent to Vanuatu from the University of Cambridge. It was his intention to continue the studies of the indigenous culture of the New Hebrides at the time, which had been started by the Department of Anthropology at the University of Cambridge. In contrast to his expectations, Deacon found a culture in the process of decay. The subject of his study, the indigenous culture, had been threatened by diseases and cultural influences that settlers, missionaries, and traders imported with them since they landed in the middle of the nineteenth century. Deacon described the impossibility of protecting the indigenous culture and critically reflected on his role as an anthropologist (Geismar 2014, p. 102).
Introduction: The makers and the made
Authors: Zender Mike
Published: November 2021

Academic disciplines are a help and a hindrance. While they advance knowledge by focusing disciplinarians on a coherent set of related issues, those same boundaries that define and focus, also delimit and inhibit expansion of universal knowledge for the broad benefit of humanity. Such are Communication Design and Visual Anthropology.
Comparison of Hot-rolled Unalloyed Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys in terms of Biodegradability and Mechanical Properties
Authors: İNCESU Alper , GÜNGÖR Ali
Published: November 2021

In this study, hot rolling is properly performed on pure magnesium and two of Zn, Ca and Mn containing magnesium alloys. Biodegradability and mechanical properties are investigated comparatively in their rolled state. While the average grain sizes of the two alloys were close to each other, it was observed that the Mg-1.01Zn-1.63Ca-0.30Mn alloy had higher hardness (61.5 ± 0.2 HV) at hot rolled state. The lowest corrosion rate in electrochemical corrosion test on Mg-1.07Zn-0.21Ca-0.31Mn alloy is observed to be 1.772 mm/yr. As for the immersion corrosion test on the same alloy, the lowest corrosion rate is detected to be 0.054 mm/yr. Moreover, Mg-1.07Zn-0.21Ca-0.31Mn alloy has the highest tensile strength. Based on the results, it is ascertained that hot-rolled Mg-1.07Zn-0.21Ca-0.31Mn alloy possesses a better biodegradability and mechanical properties compared to hot rolled commercially unalloyed Mg and 1.01Zn-1.63Ca-0.30Mn alloy.
Islam and the Creative Imagination in Senegal
Authors: Cham Mbye B.
Published: November 2021

In few other places in the creative traditions of sub-Saharan Africa isthe factor of Islam more prominent and influential than in Senegal.Manifested on the level of form and subject-matter and spanning a widecross-section of talent in both the traditional and modern media ofcreative expression, this prominence and influence can be attributed toanumber of factors ranging from the artistic maturity, religioussensibility, intellectual astuteness and ideological orientation ofindividual artists to the more general impact that Islam, as a dominantreligious force, is perceived to have had on secular life in Senegal. Thesefactors, to a large extent, determine the various ways in which individualSenegalese artists define themselves and their art vis-a-vis Islam, inparticular, and society, in general, definitions which creatively translateinto formal choice, thematic focus and, to use a cliche, “message”.Two opposite sets of equally militant attitudes constitute the polarextremes that bracket the range of Senegalese artists’ creative responseto Islam, thus paralleling or ‘reflecting’ similar patterns that obtain inthe society at large. This is hardly surprising, given the conception thatSenegalese, and indeed, most African artists, have of the nature andfunction of art in society. On one pole is that ensemble of attitudes shapedby a zealous embrace and vigorous advocacy of the primordiality ofIslam as the most, indeed, the only, legitimate and effective vehicle forthe totalization of the individual and the society. Art in the hands ofindividuals on this end of the creative spectrum becomes an instrumentof propagation of religious ideals, in this case Islamic religious ideals.But beyond this religious vision or in conjunction with it, cultural and ...
The Role of Pakistan in the Organization of Islamic Conference
Authors: Nyang Sulayman S.
Published: November 2021

The rise of Western naval power in the world was the consequence ofthe earlier Iberian discovery of peoples, societies and cultures beyond theseas known to the Europeans of the early fifteenth century. It was indeedthese forays and adventures that gradually led to the imposition ofWestern colonial and imperial rule over what were previouslyindependent societies and cultures in Asia and Africa. The Muslimsocieties, along with Buddhist, Hindu, Eastern Christian and traditionalAfrican peoples, were all brought under one European imperial roof,and their societies exposed to the transforming powers of Westernindustrial might.It was of course this rise of the West and the decline of the East that ledto the parcelling out of Muslim lands and to the alteration in the directionand flow of cultural and intellectual exchanges between the Muslims ofthe Indian subcontinent and their brethren elsewhere in Dam1 Islam.With such a division of the Muslim lands, each Muslim people livingunder a given colonial power tried to maintain its Islamic identityagainst whatever odds there were in that colonial system. Pakistaniswere part of this global phenomenon and the creation of their country in1947 dramatized the Muslim feeling of loss of unity and the urgent needto recover the universal feeling of Islamic solidarity which colonial ruleseemingly derailed from the tracks of human history.In this paper I intend to examine and analyze the role of Pakistan inthe Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC). Working on theunderstanding that Pakistan at the time of the formation of the OIC in1969, was the most populous Islamic state in the world and that its verycreation was occasioned by the Islamic sentiments of the Muslim ...
The Tijaniyya Sufi Brotherhood Amongst the Idaw ‘Ali of the Western Sahara
Authors: Johnson Winifred Marie
Published: November 2021

ORIGINS OF THE IDAW ALIThe Idaw ‘Ali are one of the two most prominent and influentialzuwaya groups in Mauritania, the other being the Kunta, disseminatorsof the Qadiriyya tariqa in West Africa who claim to be descendants ofthe great Arab hero and conqueror of North Africa, Uqba b. Nafi. Thebasis of the prestige of the Idaw ‘Ali rested in part on their widelyrecognized sharifian origin. Another basis of their prestige was theirintroduction of the Tijaniyya tariqa in Mauritania As descendants ofProphet Muhammed, the Idaw ‘Ali occupied a noble and privilegedposition in the society that placed them above the other zawaya and laygroups in Mauritania.The Idaw ‘Ali traditions, as reported by Sidi Abd-allah b. al-HajjIbrahim al-‘Alawi (d. 1818) in his treatise, “Sahihat al-Naql fi AlawiyatIdaw ‘Ali wa Bakriyat Muhammed Ghull” (The Authenticity of theDescee Idaw ‘Ali from Caliph ‘Ali and that of Muhammed Ghull fromCaliph ‘Abu Bakr al-Siddiq), state unequivocally that the Idaw ‘Alidescended from ‘Ali b. ‘Abu Talib (d. 661), son-in-law of the Prophet andfourth Caliph, through an eponymous ancestor ‘Ali b. Yahya. SidiAbdallah maintains that:. . .the Idawa ‘Ali are the descendants of ‘Ali b. Yahya and to bereckoned the progeny of ‘Ali b. ‘Abu Talib (May God bepleased with him). We know of no disagreement between thosewho are learned in that which has been handed down, bothwritten and spoken, and those who have been favored withspiritual illumination regarding it.This genealogy is said to have been examined and declared sound by SidiMukhtar al-Kunti, the founding father of the Qadiriyya-Mukhtariyyabrotherhood in West Africa. Furthermore, the author of “Sahihat al-Naql” adduced numerous quotations which he related to genealogistsand scholars of Mauritania and the Orient to prove the validity of theIdaw ‘Ali’s claim to shar(fian ancestry.Sidi Abdallah relates in “Sahihat al-Naql” that he was informed bySidi Ahmed al-Daymani, the famed scholar of the Awlad Daymanzawaya group, that the Idaw ‘Ali descended from the house of theProphet. According to al-Daymani, the Idaw ‘Ali. . .are the progeny of ‘Ali and.. . both their young and their oldcontinue to trace their lineage to him in spite of the paucity ofthat which God has allotted to them in support of their claim.Sidi Abdallah also relates that a member of the Idaw ‘Ali made thepilgrimage to Mecca where he met Sidi Ahmed al-Habib of the Idaw‘Ali. Sidi Ahmed is said to have told the pilgrim:If you are in straightened circumstances, then say-ohforefather, oh Messenger of God-for in truth you are hisdescendant.The pilgrim asked Sidi Ahmed how he acquired this informationconcerning the lineage of the Idaw ‘Ali, and Sidi Ahmed replied:I saw that in a book in Cairo, but if you return there, askSheikh al-Murtada about the lineage of the people of Shinqit.Sheikh al-Murtada is the saint of Egypt and its sun . . .On the pilgrim’s return journey he passed through Cairo and asked ...
The Balance Sheet of Western Philosophy in This Century
Authors: Garaudy Roger
Published: November 2021

Today, Western philosophy is all too close to its origins because it has neverreally answered the questions that brought about its birth. These questionsare: What is the meaning of life and death? What is the source and what isthe vocation of our freedom? How to act in order to fulfill the patterns ofGod? Such essential questions of philosophy are raised only by man, and properlyso. For only man cannot live without raising them.In nature, every being has a place and a function which are not of his ownchoosing. Every creature is subject to the law of God: a stone must fall whenreleased, a plant must grow when nourished; an animal must follow its instinct.All of them obey and fulfill this divine law without choice or questioning.With man, however, a new realm begins. He is the only creature that Godhas endowed with the choice of either disobeying or fulfilling that law aftera free, deliberate, and responsible decision.The Holy Qur’an says: “We have offered Our trust to the heavens, to earthand mountains. But they all rejected it in fear and trembling. Only man aroseto accept and carry that trust. He alone is unjust and ignorant (33:72).It was thus that human history began, a history which man himself makes,unlike all other creatures which fulfill the law of necessity.In order to regain this lost unity, that is to say, in order to integrate himinto the whole of creation, and thus give his life and death their place andmeaning in the divine order, man created all sorts of myths. But he also receiveddivine assistance through the revelations brought by the prophets of everypeople.In the sixth century after Christ, throughout Asia, the great myths ofMesopotamia and Egypt, the wise sayings of the Upanishads of India, andthose of Chinese Taoism raised and considered the basic problems of theultimate reality of this world, its meaning and significance, our role in it, ...
responsabilidade do Estado no caso da Boate Kiss
Authors: Bastos Michelli Linhares de , Vieira Milena dos Santos , Dutra Cristiane Feldmann
Published: November 2021

O incêndio ocorrido na Boate Kiss foi um desastre químico que deixou 242 mortos e 623 feridos. Este artigo apresenta o direito dos desastres no sistema jurídico brasileiro e como o fato ocorrido na Boate Kiss enquadra-se nessa teoria. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as responsabilidades do Estado, no caso concreto, por meio da teoria dos Sistemas Sociais. Utilizou-se do método hipotético-dedutivo com suporte racional de obras de Niklas Luhmann, dissertações e teses sobre os temas e as fases do direito do desastre estudada por Daniel Farber, cotejando-as com as ações do desastre. Os resultados desta pesquisa revelam uma responsabilização do Estado apenas na esfera cível, mas ainda parciais, tendo em vista que há processos em andamento.
grande desastre esquecido
Authors: Silva Lélia Santiago Custódio da , Picanço Jefferson de Lima , Calil João Guilherme Soares
Published: November 2021

A ocorrência de manchas de óleo no litoral brasileiro entre agosto/2019 e março/2020 provocou um grande desastre ambiental. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e identificar, de maneira preliminar, o impacto da contaminação do derramamento de óleo no litoral da Bahia, uma das regiões mais impactadas. As fontes de dados foram os boletins do Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis. Nos 31 municípios afetados, a contaminação com vestígios/esparsos de óleo representou 66,47% das ocorrências. As demais, 33,53% do total, foram manchas de óleo. Ainda são necessárias estratégias para minimizar os danos do maior desastre ambiental em termos de extensão geográfica do país.
Improving Cancer Survivorship Care for Latino Adolescent, Young Adult Survivors Through Community-Partnered Participatory Research
Authors: Casillas Jacqueline N. , Ganz Patricia A. , Kahn Katherine , Stuber Margaret , Bastani Roshan , Schwartz Lindsay F. , Morales Sonia , Macadangdang Joshua , Lidington Emma K. , Quintana Karla , Gonzalez Amri , Casas Esther , Barboa Elvia
Published: November 2021

Background

Minority adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors experience disparities in receipt of survivorship care.

Objective

This study describes the infrastructure of a community-partnered participatory research (CPPR) project between a community-based organization and a National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer center to develop culturally-tailored interventions to improve Latino AYA cancer survivor knowledge regarding their need for survivorship care.

Methods

Research team participants included the community organization and NCI cancer center directors, research coordinators, a community liaison, and cross-training program interns. Through use of Jones’ theoretical framework, additional stakeholders from academic and community settings were identified and invited to participate in the research team. A process evaluation and qualitative interviews were conducted to assess equal partnership between community and academic stakeholders and determine if the infrastructure followed the five core principles of CPPR. A grounded theory approach was used to analyze qualitative data.

Conclusions

CPPR between an NCI-designated cancer center and a community-based organization is a new research model for conducting minority AYA cancer survivor outreach. Open communication was critical in engaging the Latino community to discuss their survivorship needs. Community stakeholders were key to infrastructure success through fostering a cohesive partnership with and acting as the voice of the Latino community. Implementing a cross-training program promoted continued engagement of community members with academic partners. Proper infrastructure development is critical to building successful research partnerships in order to develop culturally-tailored interventions to improve survivorship care knowledge.
ViTaL: Verifying Trojan-Free Physical Layouts through Hardware Reverse Engineering
Authors: Ludwig Matthias , Bette Ann-Christin , Lippmann Bernhard
Published: November 2021

The semiconductor industry is heavily relying on outsourcing of design, fabrication, and testing to third parties. The threat of possibly malicious actors in this ramified supply-chain poses a risk for the integrity of integrated circuits (ICs) and hardware Trojans (HTs) are a heavily discussed topic in academia and the industry. A variety of pre- and post-silicon HT prevention and detection techniques has been suggested in prior works. Hardware reverse engineering has the potential to detect potential modification in physical layouts. Yet, there is no model to qualitatively and quantitatively rate the complex and expensive reverse engineering (RE) process addressing its inherent process aberrations and consequently provide a tool for layout verification. The ViTaL framework introduces a statistical validation technique, based on physical layout verification through RE and considers all potential sources of errors. The golden-model based framework is technology-agnostic, scaleable, and user input is optional. For the first time, results of fine pitch metallization layers of a CMOS 40nm process node IC are presented quantitatively and the limitations and possibilities are discussed.
An Event-by-Event Feature Detection and Tracking Invariant to Motion Direction and Velocity
Authors: Dardelet Laurent , Benosman Ryad , Ieng Sio-Hoi
Published: November 2021

Contour velocity estimation and tracking from a fully event-based perspective.
Passive Decoupled Multi-Task Controller for Redundant Robots
Authors: Wu Xuwei , Ott Christian , Albu-Schäffer Alin , Dietrich Alexander
Published: November 2021

Kinematic redundancy in robots makes it possible to execute several control tasks simultaneously. As some tasks are usually more important than others, it is reasonable to dynamically decouple them in order to ensure their execution in a hierarchical way or even without any interference at all. The most widely used technique is to decouple the system by feedback linearization. However, that requires to actively shape the inertia and consequently modify the natural dynamics of the robot. Here we propose a passivity-based multi-task tracking controller that preserves these inertial properties but fully compensates for task-space cross-couplings using external force feedback. Additionally, three formal proofs are provided: uniform exponential stability for trajectory tracking, passivity during physical interaction, and input-to-state-stability. The controller is validated in simulations and experiments and directly compared with the hierarchical PD+ approach and the feedback linearization. The proposed approach is well suited for safe physical human-robot interaction and dynamic trajectory tracking if measurements or estimations of the external forces are available.
Fabrication techniques for the integration of 2D materials
Authors: Moss David
Published: November 2021

With compact footprint, low energy consumption, high
scalability, and mass producibility, chip-scale integrated devices are an indispensable
part of modern technological change and development. Recent advances in two-dimensional
(2D) layered materials with their unique structures and distinctive properties have
motivated their on-chip integration, yielding a variety of functional devices
with superior performance and new features. To realize integrated devices incorporating
2D materials, it requires a diverse range of device fabrication techniques,
which are of fundamental importance to
achieve good performance and high reproducibility. This
paper reviews the state-of-art fabrication techniques for the on-chip integration
of 2D materials. First, an overview of the material properties and on-chip
applications of
2D materials is provided. Second, different approaches used for integrating 2D materials
on chips are comprehensively reviewed, which are categorized into material
synthesis, on-chip transfer, film patterning, and property tuning /
modification. Third, the methods for integrating 2D van der Waals heterostructures
are also discussed and summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future
perspectives are highlighted.
KOLONIALISME MENCENGKRAM TELLU LIMPOE: PERUBAHAN POLITIK DAN TATANAN BIROKRASI PEMERINTAHAN DI SINJAI, SULAWESI SELATAN, 1861-1942
Authors: Amri Khaerul
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini akan membahas tentang Perubahan politik di wilayah Ooster Districten pada masa kekuasaan kolonial. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah metode sejarah, yang menjelaskan persoalan penelitian berdasarkan perspektif sejarah. Prosedurnya meliputi empat tahapan, yaitu pencarian dan pengumpulan sumber (heuristik), kritik sumber (seleksi data), interpretasi (penafsiran), dan penyajian atau penulisan sejarah (historiografi). Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa kolonialisme telah merubah wajah Tellu Limpoe. Sistem kerajaan serta wilayahnya diubah menjadi lebih modern ala Belanda yang kemudian diikuti dengan hilangnya kedudukan kaum pribumi. Keadaan ini berlangsung hingga berakhirnya kekuasaan Belanda di Sinjai.