bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of alteplase and urokinase for pharmacomechanical thrombolysis of clotted hemodialysis access
Authors: Tan Ru Yu , Pang Suh Chien , Teh Swee Ping , Lee Kian Guan , Chong Tze Tec , Gogna Apoorva , Tan Chieh Suai
Published: December 2018

Background:

Percutaneous pharmacomechanical thrombolysis is increasingly used to salvage thrombosed hemodialysis access. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of alteplase compared to urokinase in percutaneous pharmacomechanical thrombolysis clotted access.

Methods:

Records of patients who underwent pharmacomechanical thrombolysis at Interventional Nephrology Suite in a tertiary teaching hospital from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2016 were reviewed. Technical and clinical success rates, thrombosis-free and cumulative survivals, procedure time, and radiation dose imparted to patients were compared for pharmacomechanical thrombolysis with urokinase versus alteplase.

Results:

A total of 122 incident patients underwent pharmacothrombolysis (n = 53 for urokinase, n = 69 for alteplase) during the study period. The mean dose of urokinase and alteplase used was 176,897 ± 73,418 units and 3.7 ± 0.8 mg, respectively. Pharmacomechnical thrombolysis using urokinase versus alteplase has similar technical success rate (98.1% vs 97.1%, p = 0.599), clinical success rate (88.7% vs 97.1%, p = 0.068), complication rate (9.4% vs 13.0%, p = 0.373), and primary patency rates at 3 months (57.1% vs 70.1%, p = 0.106). Thrombosis-free survivals of the vascular access were 113.2 (35.3, 196) days versus 122 (84, 239) days (p = 0.168). Cumulative survivals were 239 (116, 320) vs 213 (110.5, 316.5) days (p = 0.801). Procedure time, fluoroscopy time, skin dose, and dose were significantly lower for pharmacomechanical thrombolysis using alteplase compared to urokinase (p = 0.045, p < 0.0001, p = 0.006, p = 0.001, respectively). Stenting was found to be associated with successful dialysis following thrombolysis on univariate analysis (odds ratio: 9.167, 95% confidence interval: 1.391–19.846, p = 0.021), although this was no longer significant in multivariate analysis (p = 0.078).

Conclusion:

Alteplase is an effective and safe alternative to urokinase for pharmacomechanical thrombolysis of clotted vascular access.
Assessment of Improvement in Oxidative Stress Indices with Resocialization in Memory Retrieval in Y-Maze in Male Rats
Authors: Famitafreshi Hamidreza , Karimian Morteza
Published: December 2018

Introduction:

Memory deficit is an important issue in some psychiatric diseases either as a primary symptom or as a comorbid symptom. Factors that determine the decline or improvement of memory are an important subject to reduce the severity of these diseases.

Methods and materials:

In this study, 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups: social (control), isolation, resocialization for 3 days, and resocialization for 7 days. Isolation occurred for 14 days. Resocialization groups were resocialized for 3 or 7 days after isolation. In the social group, there was no intervention with normal socializing among the rats. In the isolation group, rats were isolated with no resocialization. In all 4 groups, after performing the Y-maze, the rats’ brains were removed to assess oxidative stress status in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.

Results:

Y-maze performance improved after 3 and 7 days of resocialization. However, oxidative stress status for malondialdehyde, glutathione and nitrite/nitrate returned to normal levels except in 2 experiments after 7 days of resocialization. In addition, in 2 experiments, just glutathione in the prefrontal cortex and nitrite/nitrate in the hippocampus after 3 days of resocialization improved.

Conclusions:

A return to normal levels in all types of antioxidant markers in the resocialization groups is not the only factor for improving memory deficits resulting from isolation. Resocialization may also be activating other regulatory mechanisms besides an antioxidant defense.
Cigarettes and Water Pipe Smoking Prevalence, Knowledge, and Attitudes Among the Palestinian Physicians in the West Bank
Authors: Zabadi Hamzeh Al , Musmar Samar , Hassouna Ayah , Shtaiwi Doa’a
Published: December 2018

Background:

Tobacco use is one of the major public health threats nowadays. Smoking can affect everybody organ. Health professionals should play pivotal roles in tobacco control, and their attitude and practice toward tobacco use can affect the health of the community. Therefore, assessing and influencing physicians’ attitudes and practice are one of the alternatives to reduce smoking prevalence in the community. We aimed to assess smoking status among medical physicians in the West Bank, Palestine to better understand their future role in any smoking cessation program.

Material and methods:

A cross-sectional study using the World Health Organization Global Health Professional Survey questionnaire was conducted. A non-probability sampling technique from a total of 6500 physicians registered in the Palestinian Medical Association in the West Bank was used.

Results:

The age ranged from 23 to 78 years with a mean of 34.92 years. Current smokers represented 60.3%. Of them, 18.5% were both cigarettes and water pipe smokers. The main reason that motivates the physician to smoke is experimenting (57.9%). Also stress (31.8%) and social pressure (26.4%) were of the most common causes to start smoking. Almost all medical doctors have a high level of knowledge regarding the health consequences of smoking. Smokers were less likely to hold favorable attitudes toward smoking cessation and support tobacco control policy compared with non-smokers ( P-values < .05).

Conclusions:

Physicians’ degree of awareness and knowledge about their role in aiding patients to quit smoking are high. However, smokers’ attitudes toward smoking cessation programs need to be improved to increase their involvement in such interventional programs.
Structural health–monitoring system for roof structure of the Dalian gymnasium
Authors: Li Hongnan , Yuan Chaolin , Ren Liang , Jiang Tao
Published: December 2018

The roof of Dalian gymnasium was designed in the form of suspen-dome structure. A structural health–monitoring system has been developed for the roof structure to guarantee the safety condition during construction process as well as in future service. In this article, a monitoring scheme was proposed in detail according to the mechanical characteristics of the roof structure. Fiber Bragg grating sensors, inclinometers, and accelerometers were applied to measure necessary structural information. In order to interrogate different types of sensors, a novel data acquisition device of the structural health–monitoring system was also introduced and has achieved multitudinous physical variable synchronization acquisition. By analyzing the data obtained during the construction and normal operation of the gymnasium, the structural health condition was evaluated and the structural damage could subsequently be located.
An iterative calculation method for hanger tensions and the cable shape of a suspension bridge based on the catenary theory and finite element method
Authors: Zhang Wen-ming , Li Tao , Shi Lu-yao , Liu Zhao , Qian Kai-rui
Published: December 2018

Construction of suspension bridges and their structural analysis are challenged by the presence of elements (chains or main cables) capable of large deflections leading to a geometric nonlinearity. For an accurate prediction of the main cable geometry of a suspension bridge, an innovative iterative method is proposed in this article. In the iteration process, hanger tensions and the cable shape are, in turns, used as inputs. The cable shape is analytically predicted with an account of the pylon saddle arc effect, while finite element method is employed to calculate hanger tensions with an account of the combined effects of the cable-hanger-stiffening girder. The cable static equilibrium state is expressed by three coupled nonlinear governing equations, which are solved by their transformation into a form corresponding to the unconstrained optimization problem. The numerical test results for the hanger tensions in an existing suspension bridge were obtained by the proposed iterative method and two conventional ones, namely, the weight distribution and continuous multiple-rigid-support beam methods. The latter two reference methods produced the respective deviations of 10% and 5% for the side hangers, respectively, which resulted in significant errors in the elevations of the suspension points. To obtain more accurate hanger tensile forces, especially for the side hangers, as well as the cable shape, the iterative method proposed in this article is recommended.
Max Weber’s Verstehende Soziologie
Authors: Adair-Toteff Christopher
Published: December 2018

This is one of the final volumes in the Max Weber Gesamtausgabe and is entitled Verstehende Soziologie und Werturteilsfreiheit. It is ostensibly on Weber’s methodological writings but most of the contents appear to be rather minor pieces— a large number of conference comments, small contributions, and several book reviews. Yet, this is an important work because of those pieces as well as the two major essays on methodology: “Über einige Kategorien der verstehende Soziologie” (1913) and “Der Sinn der ‘Wertfreiheit’ der soziologischen und ökonomischen Wissenschaften” (1917), both of which were originally published in the journal Logos. As with all of Weber’s writings on methodology, these two essays are difficult to comprehend; yet, they are critical for grasping Weber’s sociology. The first one sets out Weber’s conception of “understanding” in history while the second explains why he believes his distinction between facts and values is critical for scholars. He suggests that we may not understand everything that occurred in history but we can understand enough; if we did not, then there would be no historical discipline. His words concerning the need for intellectual honesty are as important today as when he wrote them more than one hundred years ago. This book is a worthy companion to the forthcoming volume Zur Logik und Methodik der Sozialwissenschaften and is crucial for understanding Weber’s path to sociology. It is a worthy final addition to the Max Weber Gesamtausgabe. And, it is a worthy successor to the Gesammelte Schriften zur Wissensschaftslehre. For anyone hoping to understand how Weber became the famous sociologist, this book is necessary reading.
Risk for Mental Disorders Associated With Sexual Assault: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dworkin Emily R.
Published: December 2018

Sexual assault (SA) is a common form of trauma that is associated with numerous deleterious outcomes. Understanding the relative prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses in people who have been sexually assaulted versus people who have not been assaulted could help to prioritize assessment and intervention efforts, but there has been no quantitative review of this topic. A search of PsychINFO, ProQuest Digital Dissertations and Theses, and Academic Search Premier for articles dated between 1970 and 2014 was conducted, and unpublished data were obtained. Eligible studies used diagnostic interviews to assess Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diagnoses in both individuals experiencing adolescent/adult and/or lifetime SA and unassaulted individuals. The search yielded 171 eligible effects from 39 studies representing 88,539 participants. Meta-regression was used to aggregate the prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses in sexually assaulted and unassaulted samples as well as calculate odds ratios reflecting the difference between these prevalence estimates. Results indicated that most disorders were more prevalent in survivors of SA, and depressive disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were especially prevalent. Disorder-specific differences in odds ratios were observed as a function of sample type, type of comparison group, and time frame of SA. Service providers should be prepared to address depressive disorders and PTSD in survivors of SA, and interventions that prevent the development of these disorders are especially needed.
Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire as a Tool to Evaluate the Quality of Life in Liver Transplant Candidates
Authors: Kawashima Vasconcelos Marianna Yumi , Lopes Ana Rafaela Felippini , Mente Ênio David , Castro-e-Silva Orlando , Galvão Cristina Maria , Dal Sasso-Mendes Karina
Published: December 2018

Introduction:

The advanced stage of liver disease causes impairments in the quality of life due to the physiological symptoms, besides the social and emotional stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of candidates for liver transplantation in specialized center in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods:

An observational study was carried out, with a quantitative approach. The sample was of convenience with the participation of 50 candidates for liver transplantation. Demographic characterization data, clinical data, and the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire were used to evaluate the quality of life.

Results:

The majority of the participants were male (68%), married (76%), with an average age of 55.7 years and average income of 2 to 3 minimum wages (42%). The main cause of liver disease was alcoholism (34%), mean time on the waiting list was 247.8 days, and mean model for end-stage liver disease was 20.5 points. The mean quality of life score was 2.9 points (standard deviation = 1.0) and the analysis of the 6 domains showed greater impairment of fatigue (2.2), activity (2.7), and concern (2.9) and better evaluation of systemic symptoms (3.4) and emotion (3.3).

Conclusion:

Quality of life is impaired in most of the participants, indicating the need for greater attention and evaluation in the physical, mental, and social scope of this clientele.
Exploring the Reliability of Curriculum-Based Measurement as a Formative Assessment in a College Classroom
Authors: Conoyer Sarah J. , Goran Lisa , Allen Abigail A. , Hoffman Katie E.
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this preliminary study was to explore the reliability of Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) vocabulary-matching forms with students in an introduction to special education course in a college setting. Data from 84 students enrolled in a teacher preparation program across three semesters were examined. Results suggest low to moderate alternate form reliability with adjacent forms ( r = .49) compared to the mean of two weekly forms (r = .65). Future directions on form development to strengthen reliability are discussed as well as implications for CBM use in college classrooms as a formative assessment tool.
Exploring Ethical Concerns About Human Challenge Studies: A Qualitative Study of Controlled Human Malaria Infection Study Participants’ Motivations and Attitudes
Authors: Kraft Stephanie A. , Duenas Devan M. , Kublin James G. , Shipman Kelly J. , Murphy Sean C. , Shah Seema K.
Published: December 2018

Controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) studies deliberately infect healthy participants with malaria to test interventions faster and more efficiently. Some argue the study design and high payments offered raise ethical concerns about participants’ understanding of risks and undue inducement. We conducted baseline and exit interviews with 16 CHMI study participants to explore these concerns. Participants described themes including decision-making tension with friends and family, mixed motivations for participating, low study risks but high burdens, fair compensation, sacrificing values, deceiving researchers, and perceived benefits. Our findings do not support concerns that high payments limit understanding of study risks, but suggest participants may lack appreciation of study burdens, withhold information or engage in deception, and experience conflict with others regarding study participation.
The effect of Sr on the microstructure and wear properties of AlSi5Cu1Mg alloy
Authors: Zhu Jianbin , Luo Zhongmin , Wu Shuo , Yan Hong
Published: December 2018

The effect of different amounts (0 wt%, 0.02 wt%, 0.04 wt%, 0.06 wt%) of Sr modification on the microstructure of AlSi5Cu1Mg alloy was investigated. The wear resistances of the alloys were tested using an MMD-1 pin-on-disk wear-testing apparatus. Worn surfaces were examined using a scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy-dispersive spectrometer. The relationship between the microstructure and wear properties of the alloy was discussed. The results show that the addition of Sr caused the grain refinement and AlSi5Cu1Mg with 0.04 wt% Sr has short rod-like Fe-rich intermetallic, minimal size of α-Al phase and secondary dendrite arm spacing, and granular or fibrous eutectic Si phase distributed uniformly at grain boundaries. Compared to the matrix alloy, the tensile strength, Brinell hardness, and elongation of the AlSi5Cu1Mg with 0.04 wt% Sr increased by 15%, 48%, and 73%, respectively. Both the lowest friction coefficient and the best wear resistance were achieved by the AlSi5Cu1Mg with 0.04 wt% Sr. Compared to the matrix alloy, the wear mass loss and friction coefficient of the AlSi5Cu1Mg with 0.04 wt% Sr increased by 42% and 18%, respectively. The adhesive wear and abrasive wear are the main wear mechanisms.
Stability and nonlinear controllability analysis of a quadrotor-like autonomous underwater vehicle considering variety of cases
Authors: Kou Liwei , Xiang Ji , Li Yanjun , Bian Jingwei
Published: December 2018

A quadrotor-like autonomous underwater vehicle that is similar to, yet different from quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles, has been reported recently. This article investigates the stability and nonlinear controllability properties of the vehicle. First, the 12-degree-of-freedom model of the vehicle deploying an X shape actuation system is developed. Then, a stability property is investigated showing that the vehicle cannot be stabilized by a time invariant smooth state feedback law. After that, by adopting a nonlinear controllability analysis tool in geometric control theory, the small-time local controllability of the vehicle is analyzed for a variety of cases, including the vertical plane motion, the horizontal plane motion, and the three-dimensional space motion. Finally, different small-time local controllability conditions for different cases are developed. The result shows that the small-time local controllability holds for vertical plane motion and horizontal plane motion. However, the full degree of freedom kinodynamics model (i.e. 12 states) of the vehicle does not satisfy the small-time local controllability from zero-velocity states.
Unwanted appearances and self-objectification: The phenomenology of alterity for women in leadership
Authors: O’Neill Claire
Published: December 2018

This paper introduces the concept of dys-appearance ( Leder, 1990 ) as a way of conceptualising the lived experience of alterity (or Otherness) of women’s bodies in leadership. Drawing on an in-depth qualitative study (using interviews and photo-elicitation) it contributes towards growing bodies of literature that emphasise the corporeal and highlight the Othering of the female body in the masculine discourse of leadership. Contemporary leadership scholars have drawn on Merleau-Pontian phenomenology to conceptualise the fundamental reversibility of embodied perception between the leader and the follower, but this analysis has not extended to a consideration of the sexed and gendered body. By focusing on the subjective experiences of women leaders this paper demonstrates the phenomenon of dys-appearance ( Leder, 1990 ) in which the female body, which signifies a socially problematic presence in this context, appears to the subject in a disruptive or unwanted manner within their self-perception. The self-objectification and dys-appearance of the recalcitrant body exerts a telic demand upon the self to rectify its problematic presence and return it to a state of undisruptive normality. This analysis contributes novel insights on the unique or different experiences of leadership for women, and the impact of the problematizing of the female body on their self-perceptions.
Quality factor assessment of finite-size all-dielectric metasurfaces at the magnetic dipole resonance
Authors: Warne Larry K , Jorgenson Roy E , Campione Salvatore
Published: December 2018

Recently there has been a large interest in achieving metasurface resonances with large quality factors. In this article, we examine metasurfaces that comprised a finite number of magnetic dipoles oriented parallel or orthogonal to the plane of the metasurface and determine analytic formulas for their resonances’ quality factors. These conditions are experimentally achievable in finite-size metasurfaces made of dielectric cubic resonators at the magnetic dipole resonance. Our results show that finite metasurfaces made of parallel (to the plane) magnetic dipoles exhibit low quality factor resonances with a quality factor that is independent of the number of resonators. More importantly, finite metasurfaces made of orthogonal (to the plane) magnetic dipoles lead to resonances with large quality factors, which ultimately depend on the number of resonators comprising the metasurface. In particular, by properly modulating the array of dipole moments by having a distribution of resonator polarizabilities, one can potentially increase the quality factor of metasurface resonances even further. These results provide design guidelines to achieve a sought quality factor applicable to any resonator geometry for the development of new devices such as photodetectors, modulators, and sensors.
Peptide-coated palladium nanoparticle for highly sensitive bioanalysis of trypsin in human urine samples
Authors: Zhou Guohua , Jiang Huimin , Zhou Yanfang , Liu Peilian , Jia Yongmei , Ye Cui
Published: December 2018

In recent years, palladium nanoparticles have been proved as energy acceptor candidates in fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based sensors for analytical and biological purposes. In this article, peptide-coated palladium nanoparticles were prepared using a simple one-step preparation method. The peptide Cys-Ala-Leu-Asn-Asn was used as a ligand, whereas hydrazine hydrate was used as a reductant to obtain water-soluble and stable peptide-coated palladium nanoparticles. Additionally, peptide-coated palladium nanoparticles were functionalized by adding the functional peptide CALNNGGARK(FITC) in combination with Cys-Ala-Leu-Asn-Asn during the preparation process. The prepared functionalized peptide-coated palladium nanoparticles were used for trypsin detection based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer approach. Under optimized conditions, the proposed method can be used for the detection of trypsin concentrations in the range of approximately 0.2–8-μg/mL with a limit of detection of 0.18-μg/mL. The functionalized peptide-coated palladium nanoparticles were successfully applied for the detection of trypsin in urine samples. Our findings also indicated that peptide-coated palladium nanoparticles can highly quench fluorophores and are suitable for the manufacture of off–on state fluorescent sensors. We anticipated that the peptide-coated palladium nanoparticles proposed in this article will have great potential for the detection of trypsin in urine and other analytical, biological, and clinical applications.
A theory-based self-report measure of health literacy: The Calgary Charter on Health Literacy scale
Authors: Pleasant Andrew , Maish Caitlin , O’Leary Catina , Carmona Richard H
Published: December 2018

We set out to test a theory-based measure of health literacy. To do so, we included the newly developed Calgary Charter on Health Literacy scale in Pre- and Post-evaluation of the Life Enhancement Program at multiple sites. The program focusing on health literacy and the prevention of chronic disease is conducted with health-care provider organization partners across the United States. In testing the reliability and validity of the new measure of health literacy, Cronbach’s alpha is very acceptable level at 0.80. There are numerous statistically significant correlations between the change in health literacy and participants’ changes in knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and health status. Data and analysis indicate that the Calgary Charter on Health Literacy Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool in the contexts and with the populations they were tested within. More testing is necessary and warranted in a wider variety of contexts and populations—ideally to include large representative random samples and comparison groups. We recommend that policymakers increase focus on advancing health literacy as an evidence-based approach to reach the goals of improved individual and public health at a lower cost.
ESPN’s Coverage of Intimate Partner Violence in the National Football League
Authors: Spencer Elizabeth A. , Limperos Anthony M.
Published: December 2018

On September 8, 2014, a graphic video showing Ray Rice punch and render his fiancée unconscious was released to the public. This event was a catalyst for discussion into how the media cover intimate partner violence (IPV) committed by National Football League (NFL) players. Media frames can shape the way audiences make sense of an issue. As the “Worldwide Leader in Sports,” Entertainment and Sports Programming Network (ESPN) has a journalistic responsibility to frame and address sociocultural issues related to sports, especially those involving crime, health, and safety. IPV is a pervasive sociocultural issue affecting millions of people in the United States, and media frames can shape the way audiences understand the subject matter and the themes surrounding IPV. This research used qualitative textual analysis to examine ESPN’s website coverage of IPV incidents committed by NFL players 2 years prior to and after the Ray Rice incident. Our findings show that instances of IPV were more episodically than thematically framed before the Ray Rice incident. Framing of IPV was revealed in four themes: focus on the individual player, problem for the team, the NFL’s problem, and missing the point. Further analysis and theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Injury Surveillance and Evaluation of Medical Services Utilized During the 2016 Track and Field Olympic Trials
Authors: Bigouette John Paul , Owen Erin C. , Greenleaf Jonathan , James Stanley L. , Strasser Nicholas L.
Published: December 2018

Background:

Injury surveillance systems have been implemented at world championships, yet no previous work has determined the burden of injuries during the United States Track and Field Olympic Trials. Additionally, the type of medical service providers utilized throughout the meet has not been reported, leaving it unclear whether optimal staffing needs are being met.

Purpose:

To describe the incidence of injuries presenting to the medical team at the 2016 US Track and Field Olympic Trials (Eugene, Oregon) by event type and competitor demographics.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

A retrospective review was performed of all documented injuries and treatments recorded from June 28 through July 10, 2016. Descriptive statistics and the prevalence of newly incurred injuries were calculated for registered athletes and nonathlete (ie, support) staff. The incidence of acute injuries was analyzed for registered athletes, as stratified by athlete sex and event type.

Results:

A total of 514 individuals were seen during the trials: 89% were athletes and 11% were supporting staff. Physicians treated 71 injuries and 14 illnesses. Of diagnosed injuries, 85% (n = 60) occurred among athletes, with hamstring strains (16.7%, n = 10) being the most prevalent. A mean of 124 medical services (median, 137; interquartile range, 65.5-179.5) were provided each day of the trials. Among medical services, 41.8% were attributed to massage therapists for athletes, while chiropractic services were the most utilized service (47.1%) by the support staff. There was an overall incidence of 59.7 injuries per 1000 registered athletes, with jumpers (109.4 per 1000) and long-distance athletes (90.4 per 1000) being the most commonly seen athletes.

Conclusion:

Throughout the trials, athletes participating in jumping and long-distance events were the most commonly seen by physicians, creating the potential need for an increase in staffing of physicians during meet periods when these events occur. The provided medical services appeared to follow the number of athletes competing during the trials and the need for recovery treatments after competition. Findings from this study should inform future strategy for staffing and policy development at Olympic Trials and other elite-level track and field events in the United States.
Exploring Teachers’ Emotions via Nonverbal Behavior During Video-Based Teacher Professional Development
Authors: Chang Chiung-Fang , Gröschner Alexander , Hall Nathan C. , Alles Martina , Seidel Tina
Published: December 2018

Increasing research on teacher professional development (TPD) has found teachers’ self-reflection to be key for improving teaching effectiveness. Although video methodology, as often used in TPD, provides crucial insight concerning situated learning, teachers are often reticent to participate in TPD protocols due to discomfort over being videotaped. This longitudinal study explored emotion-related behaviors by assessing the nonverbal expressions exhibited by teachers during a 1-year video-based TPD program highlighting salient contributors to productive classroom dialogue. Six teachers were observed regarding bodily motion, facial expression, and eye contact, with results obtained across four workshops coded according to five types of emotions. The emotions of shame, defensiveness, and distraction appeared more often than did laughter and surprise, with the negative emotions found to decrease over time. This study highlights the importance of longitudinally evaluating teachers’ emotional expressions during video-based TPD activities and continued efforts to encourage teacher participation in these pedagogical training opportunities.
Imatinib is still recommended for frontline therapy for CML
Authors: Hantel Andrew , Larson Richard A.
Published: December 2018

This article has a companion Counterpoint by Cortes.
Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Once Weekly or Once Every Two Weeks Administration of High-Dose Sunitinib in Patients With Refractory Solid Tumors
Authors: Rovithi Maria , Gerritse Sophie L. , Honeywell Richard J. , ten Tije Albert J. , Ruijter Rita , Peters Godefridus J. , Voortman Jens , Labots Mariette , Verheul Henk M.W.
Published: December 2018

PURPOSE

Dose and schedule optimization of treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors is of utmost importance. On the basis of preclinical data, a phase I clinical trial of once weekly or once every 2 weeks administration of high-dose sunitinib in patients with refractory solid malignancies was conducted.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients with advanced cancer refractory to standard treatment were eligible. With use of a standard 3 + 3 phase I design, patients received escalating doses of sunitinib, in 100 mg increments, starting at 200 mg once weekly. In both the once weekly and once every 2 weeks cohorts, 10 more patients were included at the maximum tolerated dose level. Primary end points were safety and tolerability.

RESULTS

Sixty-nine patients with advanced cancer, predominantly colorectal cancer (42%), were treated with this alternative dosing regimen. Maximum tolerated dose was established at 300 mg once weekly and 700 mg once every 2 weeks, resulting in nine- and 18-fold higher maximum plasma concentrations compared with standard dose, respectively. Treatment was well tolerated, with fatigue (81%), nausea (48%), and anorexia (33%) being the most frequent adverse events. The only grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse event in 5% or more of patients was fatigue (6%). Sixty-three percent of patients had significant clinical benefit, with a 30% progression-free survival of 5 months or more.

CONCLUSION

Sunitinib administered once weekly at 300 mg or once every 2 weeks at 700 mg is feasible, with comparable tolerability as daily administration. Administration of 700 mg once every 2 weeks can be considered as the most optimal schedule because of the highest maximum plasma concentration being reached. The promising preliminary antitumor activity of this alternative schedule in heavily pretreated patients warrants further clinical evaluation and might ultimately indicate a class characteristic of tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Bipartite promoters and RNA editing of paramyxoviruses and filoviruses
Authors: le Mercier Philippe , Kolakofsky Daniel
Published: December 2018

A primary property of paramyxovirus bipartite promoters is to ensure that their RNA genomes are imprinted with a hexamer phase via their association with nucleoproteins, in part because this phase as well the editing sequence itself controls mRNA editing. The question then arises whether a similar mechanism operates for filoviruses that also contain bipartite promoters that are governed by the “rule of six,” even though these genomes need not, and given Ebola virus biology, cannot always be of hexamer genome length. This review suggests that this is possible and describes how it might operate, and that RNA editing may play a role in Ebola virus genome interconversion that helps the virus adapt to different host environments.
A student of the University: technology and training
Authors: Резник Семен , Reznik Semen , Игошина Ирина , Igoshina Irina
Published: December 2018

The technologies that allow students of Junior courses to actively participate in the educational process and practical activities, to get a job in the specialty during the period of study at the University. Special attention is paid to modern technologies of education at the University, the effective use of their abilities and time, the formation of personal competitiveness.
For students of Junior courses of higher educational institutions. The book is also of interest to teachers, heads of departments, deans and rectors of higher educational institutions.
Production, Utilization and Nutritional benefits of Orange Fleshed Sweetpotato (OFSP) Puree Bread: A Review
Authors: OWADE JOSHUA OMBAKA , ABONG GEORGE OOKO , OKOTH MICHAEL WANDAYI
Published: December 2018

Bread though an exotic food product in sub-Saharan Africa, has been an important cereal product consumed by most individuals among the vast Sub-Saharan African population. Bread formulations in both the local and industrial production have evolved. The latest and emerging technology in bread formulation involve the incorporation of orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) puree. OFSP puree-based bread is commercially available across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and is being promoted due to the potential nutritional benefits that it possesses. Together with OFSP flour based bread, OFSP puree based bread serves as a good food vehicle for β-carotene; this serves to alleviate vitamin A deficiency (VAD) especially among the vulnerable population in SSA. The production of OFSP puree based bread has so far been relying on fresh OFSP puree or cold-chain stored OFSP puree. However, this has presented economic challenges and problems to the sustainability and expansion in OFSP puree bread production. Cold chain stored OFSP puree is capital intensive and has inconsistent supply. With the development of shelf-storable preservative treated OFSP puree, most of these challenges will be overcome without undoing the currently harnessed benefits. The use of OFSP puree in bread baking can then be expanded easily at minimal production costs and maximum retention of nutritional quality. Therefore, the use of the shelf-storable OFSP puree in bread baking needs to be evaluated further to present a substantiated case for its use. The current review has been developed with focus on the scientific advances in the production of OFSP puree based bread from both historical and a forecast perspective. The scientific progress and breakthroughs in the use of OFSP puree in bread are critically reviewed.
Benefits of Community Gardening Activity in Obesity Intervention: Findings from F.E.A.T. Programme
Authors: MOHAMED WIRDAH , AZLAN ARIF , TALIB RUZITA ABD
Published: December 2018

This study determines the beneficial effect of community gardening activity in obesity intervention among overweight and obese adults in semi-urban area. The study was one of the activities in Arus Perdana Research Grant for obesity intervention, The Fit, Eat, Active and Training (F.E.A.T) programme. The study employs a pre-post quasi experimental design assigned into intervention (n=31) and control (n=30) group respectively. The intervention group followed a series of activities for 12 weeks of intervention. In one of the activities, subjects received a nutrition counselling session with nutritionist on daily vegetables intake, while agriculture officers demonstrated the procedure of producing fertilizers from household waste and vegetable gardening techniques. The subjects were divided into groups which planted their own vegetables at the space around community hall and in the pot during the intervention period. There was significant difference (p<0.05) for vegetable intake after 12-week intervention, when 1.8 ± 0.7 serving size for the intervention group is compared to 0.7 ± 0.5 serving size for the control group. The results reported noteworthy reductions (p<0.05) in body weight with -3.5% reduction for the intervention group which was involved in gardening as compared to -0.4% reduction for the control group. Moreover, BMI reductions were observed to be -4.1% and -0.9% and waist circumference reductions were -9.9% and -4.0% for intervention group and control group respectively. In conclusion, the community gardening program is fund to be a successful activity in improving daily vegetable intake, as well as reducing the BMI and waist circumference among obese adults in semi-urban community.
Acceptability of a High Protein Snack Using Artificial Sweeteners for People Living with HIV with Oral Problems
Authors: SINGHATO ALONGKOTE , BOORANASUKSAKUL URAIPORN , KHONGKHON SOMJET , RUEANGSRI NARISA
Published: December 2018

People living with HIV (PLHIV) with oral problems usually suffer from malnutrition due to difficulties in chewing and swallowing, which lead to under nutrition. In addition, hyperglycemia is one of the major problems among PLHIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).Up to now, in Thailand there is still a lack of specialized food products for PLHIV with oral problems that can be easily chewed and swallowed to prevent their malnutrition.This study aimed to develop high protein food products in the form of snack with artificial sweeteners, and to determine the levels of acceptance (taste, flavor, color, texture and overall satisfaction) by PLHIV with oral problems. Soybean milk pudding was selected as the food product since it is the most favored snack among PLHIV. All 3 high protein snacks (containing sugar, sucralose, and stevioside) were developed for 30 PLHIV with oral problems, and their sensory perceptions were evaluated. Results revealed there were no significant differences in all aspects of sensory perceptions between the 3 high protein snacks, except for color (p<0.05). In addition, overall satisfaction scores of all 3 high protein snacks were deemed to be acceptable by all PLHIV participants
Effect of Fortification of De-Oiled Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria Siceraria) seed on the Functional and Chemical Characteristics of the Biscuit: A Nutritional Assessment
Authors: PATEL AVINASH SINGH , PRADHAN RAMA CHANDRA , KAR ABHIJIT , MOHAPATRA DEBABANDYA
Published: December 2018

De-oiled bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) seed is a highly nutritious by-product of edible oil industries. The seed contains a substantial amount of quality protein, dietary fiber, minerals, and essential amino acids. The present study is undertaken to improve the quality of commercial biscuit through replacement traditional wheat flour with de-oiled bottle guard seed cake powder. Response surface methodology was used to carry out experimental layout with two independent variables viz; de-oiled bottle guard seed coded as bottle guard seed cake powder (BGSCP) and whole wheat flour (WWF) against five dependent responses viz., swelling capacity (SC), water absorption capacity (WAC), oil absorption capacity (OAC), protein, insoluble and soluble fiber. The most desirable (R2 - 0.899) solution was found at the formulation level of 50g BGSCP and 40g WWF. Nutritional assessment of optimized biscuit heightened a significant (p<0.05) rise in the amount of crude protein, ash content, and soluble fiber as in comparison with the control group sample. BGSCP fortification revealed significant improvement (43.22) in terms of essential amino acid availability as compared to control biscuit. However, the fatty acid compositions of optimized biscuit were insignificantly (p>0.05) different.
The Efficacy of the Gluten-Free Casein-Free Diet for Moroccan Autistic Children
Authors: HAFID AFAF , AHAMI AHMED OMAR TOUHAMI
Published: December 2018

The aims of this study are to verify the efficiency of gluten-free casein-free diet for children with autism spectrum disorder and to evaluate its impact on their nutritional profiles.30 children with autism spectrum disorder, between 6 and 12 years old, had been identified for the study. An analysis of biological matrixes was performed to detect the level of urinary peptides and essential elements. A gluten-free casein-free diet was administered for children with high urinary peptides level during one year, quarterly followed-up. The scale of autism was assessed by the “Childhood Autism Rating Scale” questionnaire. The findings, before the gluten-free casein-free diet, show that 20 children had high levels of urinary peptides and unnatural essential elements concentrations. At the end of the sixth diet month, the results show a large decrease in essential elements concentrations for the majority of children. After identifying these deficiencies, the diet was modified and fortified in a way that made it a supervised diet. We could, then, decrease the urinary peptides level for 40% of children, improve essential elements concentrations for 30% and decrease the autism severity for 30% of them. Our study has shown that only autistic children that present both very high urinary peptide and gastrointestinal problems respond positively to a gluten-free casein-free diet. This type of died should not therefore be systematic administered to all autistic children. On the other hand, the elimination diets run risk of having deficiencies which makes the supervision of a specialist required.
Design and Validation of Short-Amplicon Length PCR Assay for the Detection of Porcine Gelatin in Commercial Candy and Marshmallow Products
Authors: OMAR SHARAF , HASAN MAEN , ABU-ROMMAN SAEID , RAMADAN HEBA , QATATSHEH ALA A. , AL-DMOOR HANEE
Published: December 2018

Porcine gelatin has been used in many food products. To ensure the compliance of food products with halal regulations and label description, reliable analytical methods are required. In this study, Porcine-specific short amplicon-size for conventional PCR assay was developed for the detection of gelatin in commercial candy and marshmallow products. A pair of porcine-specific primers defining a 74 bp region of the mitochondrial D-loop sequence were designed. One hundred and three samples including seventy six samples from candies and twenty seven samples from marshmallow were purchased from local market in Amman, Jordan. The results revealed that seventeen samples were found to contain porcine gelatin ingredients and the rest 86 were found to be negative. Nine of the positive samples were Gelatin labeled, and eight were not identified to contain gelatin. Of these samples. Five were also labeled as Halal. So, we demonstrated that the authentication of commercial sweet ingredients using PCR assay is effective and protect consumers from being mislead due to mislabels.
Trans-Fats Declaration, Awareness and Consumption in Saudi Arabia
Authors: KAMEL SAHAR , AL OTAIBI HALA
Published: December 2018

Hydrogenatedoil(HO) has been considered one of the major sources of artificial trans-fats that is associated with various public health problems. In the present work, a cross-sectional survey was conducted tomonitortrans- fats recording approaches in some food package(N=181) collected from some Saudi markets, 2014-2016. Assessment of participants awareness of HO and consumption frequencies of selected products that listed trans-fats in their package were also conducted based on interview questionnaires (N=302).Data collected from information existing on food package, such as ingredients list, and nutrition facts label as well as nutrition claims showed that 30.39% of the products listed ingredients containing trans-fat such as hydrogenated oil, partially hydrogenated oil, margarine and hydrogenated fats. Questionnaire data analysis showed that only 35.1% of the participants heard of HO and 4% thought that HO is unhealthy. Significant positive correlation was found between participant’s education level and hearing about HO (0.69 at 0.01 level) as well as reading the food label (0.87 at 0.01 level). Cakes, wafers and pastries were highly consumed (two-three times per day)by 37.4%, 24.5%and 44.4 %, respectively by participants. Although, one third of collected packaged food products recording ingredients containing trans-fats in the ingredients list such as vegetable fat, HO, margarine and partially HO, only 20% of these products reported trans-fats content. Therefore, more attention should be payed to reevaluate the food label legalization. Furthermore, health education programs about trans-fats sources and related disease are strongly recommended.
Development of Chia (Salvia hispanica, L.) and Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, L.) Seed Flour Substituted Cookies- Physicochemical, Nutritional and Storage Studies
Authors: GOYAT JYOTI , PASSI SJ , SURI SUKHNEET , DUTTA HIMJYOTI
Published: December 2018

Cookie is a popular food medium for nutrient fortification. They are easy to prepare and carry, ready to eat products consumed by people of all age groups. Chia and quinoa seeds have attained recent scientific attention amongst consumers due to their potential health promoting effects. In this study, chia and quinoa seed flours were used to substitute refined wheat flour in cookie doughs at 5%, 10% and 15% substitution levels. Six composite cookies, coded as C-5%, C-10%, C-15%, Q-5%, Q-10% and Q-15% were prepared. Significant differences in physical, physicochemical and nutritional properties were observed. Diameter and spread ratio decreased due to increased fiber and protein content causing flour granulation. This also increased cookie hardness. Rise in the level of omega-3 fatty acid was evident from gas chromatography analyses. The developed cookies were rich in phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidants. Sensory analysis data indicated overall acceptability of all the substituted cookie samples to be above the level of 6 in a 9-point hedonic scale. Based on the identified sensory and nutritional attributes, C-10% and Q-15% were considered to be the best substituted samples. Both the cookies could be stored in sealed polypropylene pouches at room temperature for 60 days without any significant alteration in texture. Rancidity development was inhibited by chia and quinoa antioxidants. No microbial load was recorded in aqueous extracts of freshly prepared and after storage. Analysis of significant difference between all the results was carried out by Duncan’s multiple range tests at a significance level of 0.05. The present study indicated that chia and quinoa substituted cookies can be used as a protein, FFA and antioxidant enriched commercial product with better than average sensory properties.