bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Mobile-based Interactive Multimedia on Thinking Engagement and Cooperation
Authors:   Ecole Normale Supérieure de Laghouat, Algeria, m.rogti@ens-lagh.dz, Rogti Maroua
Published: December 2023

Recent studies show limited research in the Algerian context on the development of learning multimedia that effectively addresses 21st century skills such as critical thinking, communication, cooperation, and creativity. However, with the continuous growth of digital multimedia and information technologies, there is an urge for utilizing 21st century skills and interacting with others through interactive multimedia tools. This study aims to investigate the effect of mobile-based interactive multimedia on developing students of English as a foreign language thinking engagement, cooperation, in higher education. A convenient sampling method was used to select one sample of students (n= 60) who received a post-treatment test. Data were analyzed through performing descriptive statistics and one sample t-test. Findings assured that mobile-based interactive multimedia has persistently shaped the education setting, and it can afford the potential to positively promote students’ thinking engagement and cooperation. Keywords: integrative multimedia, thinking skills, EFL students, cooperation, Algeria
Learners’ Expectations towards Virtual Learning and its Effect on Mathematics Performance
Authors:   Mahendra Ratna Campus Tahachal, Tribhuvan University, Nepal, dirgharaj.joshi@mrc.tu.edu.np, Joshi Dirgha Raj , Khadka Jiban ,   Faculty of Social Science and Education, Nepal Open University, Nepal, jiban@nou.edu.np, Khanal Bishnu ,   Mahendra Ratna Campus Tahachal, Tribhuvan University, Nepal, bishnu.khanal@mrc.tu.edu.np, Adhikari Krishna Prasad ,   Corresponding author, Central Department of Education, Tribhuvan University, Nepal, krishna.adhikari@cded.tu.edu.np
Published: December 2023

The demands for virtual learning have exponentially increased because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the research was to explore learners’ expectations towards virtual learning and its effect on mathematics achievement. A total of 2,350 students from basic to university levels in Nepal participated in the cross-sectional survey. T-test, ANOVA, and SEM were employed for data analysis. The findings indicate that the expectation of learners towards virtual learning from the government, educational institutions, teachers, and parents found to be significantly high. Parents’ level of education, gender, and the types of educational institutions are key predictors of the expectation of learners. Expectations of learners towards virtual learning from government, institutions, and parents have negative and expectations from teachers have a positive effect on mathematics performance. Keywords: achievement, expectation, mathematics, Nepal, virtual learning
Comparison of Complex Thinking Skills between Students from Public and Private Institutions in Mexico
Authors:   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico, edlopez@tec.mx, López-Caudana Edgar Omar , Vázquez-Parra José Carlos ,   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico, jcvazquezp@tec.mx, Cruz-Sandoval Marco ,   Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico, cruzsandovalmarco@tec.mx, Baena-Rojas Jose Jaime ,   Institucion Universitaria CEIPA, Colombia jose.baena@ceipa.edu.co
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this article is to present the results of a study conducted on a population of students from two technological universities in Mexico. The intention was to contrast the perceived achievement of the complex thinking competency and its sub-competencies among students in the last levels of their training. Then, to identify areas of opportunity for developing professional competencies it was applied a sample of 551 Engineering and Business school students from two higher education institutions in this Latin American country. In this manner, 60,61% corresponded to public universities while 39,39% remaining corresponded to private universities. Methodologically, a statistical descriptive analysis was carried out. The study was conducted with a convenience sample answered by students from technological universities located in western Mexico through Google Forms. After analyzing the results, it was possible to identify a gap in the students' perceived achievement in both institutions, with the private institution having a significantly higher mean. This study raises the importance of guaranteeing the development of professional competencies equitably among all students, intending to avoid differences that impact their perceptions of their abilities. All of this considering that complex thinking as a set of disciplinary and meta-competences should be similarly taught indifferent the type of university or higher education institution. Keywords: professional education, educational innovation, future of education, complex thinking, public, private universities
Cultural Context as the Basis for Developing Reading Game Applications
Authors:   Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palopo, Indonesia, edhy_rustan@iainpalopo.ac.id, Rustan Edhy , Rachmat Syela ,   Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palopo, Indonesia, syelarachmat@gmail.com
Published: December 2023

This research aimed to determine the outcomes of concept analysis and to create and assess the viability of game applications for enhancing reading skills. This is R&D (Research and Development) utilizing the MLDC (Multimedia Development Life Cycle) model. This study was conducted in several elementary schools in Palopo City. The data for the needs analysis was collected from 10 students and two teachers in fourth grade. The number of participants in the effectiveness test phase was 268 students. Observation sheets, documentation, interview guidelines, product validation questionnaires, practicality, and product efficacy were among the data collection instruments. The method of analysis employed is the mixed sequential exploratory technique. The results of the concept analysis determine the type of game application to be developed using contextual media based on local culture and android-based interactivity that promotes independent reading achievement indicator learning. The development of a video game included character introduction features, learning features based on curriculum-based reading, and playing features based on adopting ethnic characters, skin color, clothing, and local genre instrumental music. Through Blackbox testing, the product's feasibility is determined. Practicality test results obtained on average are convenient. The effectiveness test results showed an increase in reading ability by using the developed game product. Keywords: educational game, media development, reading skills, cultural context, elementary school
Effectiveness of Interreligious Literacy in Preventing Radical Views in Higher Education: Narrative Inquiry Research
Authors:   Correspondent author, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris Samarinda, Kalimantan, Indonesia. m.tahir@uinsi.ac.id, Tahir M. , Wijaya Ida Suryani ,   Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris Samarinda, Kalimantan, Indonesia. idasuryaniwijaya@uinsi.ac.id
Published: December 2023

The notion of radicalism or extremism is currently a problem faced in the world. Many organizations or institutions adhere to this ideology with the aim of their own interests on behalf of the Islamic religion. In dealing with these problems, various efforts have been made by the government, one of which is implementing interfaith literacy at the tertiary level to suppress radical views. Universities are the target of this organization because students are considered to have souls that are still unstable and volatile. This research aims to study the effectiveness of this interreligious literacy in suppressing radicalism in several universities. This study used a qualitative approach with a narrative inquiry design as its research methodology. This study involves students and stakeholders who play an important role in this interfaith literacy. The research findings show that this interreligious literacy program can prevent and suppress radical understanding among students by changing the pattern of religious education from a closed doctrinal pattern to shifting to using a functional humanistic approach. The increase in students' interfaith literacy skills can be seen from the change in their perspective or mindset towards the teachings of Christianity and other religions. It can be concluded that interreligious literacy is effective in counteracting and preventing the spread of radicalism in the campus environment. The implication of this research is that this inter-religious literacy program provides an alternative to revitalizing religious education and its models in increasing students' religious knowledge and socializing religious values in an inclusive and humanistic manner. Keywords: interreligious literacy, radicalism, education, Islamic, higher education
Models of conceptualizing and measuring statistical knowledge for teaching: A critical review
Authors: Ozturk Aslihan Batur , Baki Adnan
Published: December 2023

Since it has become necessary for each individual to be statistically literate, statistical education research has taken teachers’ competencies into its agenda. The knowledge needed to teach statistics differs from the knowledge needed to teach mathematics since statistics is different from mathematics. Teachers and researchers need to consider these differences and be aware of the challenges of statistics teaching. This article focuses on the nature of statistical knowledge for teaching (SKT). Models of conceptualizing and measuring SKT from research literature were reviewed critically. The strengths and weaknesses of models were discussed. The article concludes with some implications for teacher education and research.
Prognostic factors influencing regorafenib treatment outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: KARABOYUN Kubilay , YOLCU Ahmet
Published: December 2023

Aim: We aimed to determine the efficacy and prognostic factors of Regorafenib in advanced colorectal cancer patients.
Materials and Methods: This study was designed as single-center and retrospective. The study included 72 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with Regorafenib. Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors affecting survival were generated by Cox Regression Models.
Results: Twenty-three (31.9%) of the patients were female, the median age was 65 years. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 4.13 and 8.7 months, respectively. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (p=0.001), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score (p<0.001) were found to be prognostic in the multivariate model for PFS. ECOG (p<0.001), CEA level (p<0.001), dose reduction (p=0.003), and side of the primary tumor (p=0.037) were prognostic for OS.
Conclusion: Our study revealed that ECOG, requiring dose reduction during the treatment, and lower baseline CEA levels were found to be prognostic.
Patient attitude towards disease as a predictor of its course and outcome
Authors: Zakharyan E. A. , Cherniy E. V.
Published: December 2023

According to a significant amount of scientific research, it is known that the deterioration of public health and the tendency  towards certain types of disease cannot be explained only by conventional factors. It has been proven that a patient’s attitude towards their disease determines their response to the pathology and their adaptation to their new condition. The aim of this  work is to analyze research, views, and beliefs of doctors and psychologists on the influence of a patient’s perception of their  own illness and their attitude towards it on the course of the disease. This review presents an analysis of numerous scientific  works aimed at identifying types of attitudes towards disease that are characteristic of various nosological forms, both mental and somatic. As a result of the literature analysis, a set of conditions and factors that determine the nature and intensity of the influence of attitudes towards disease on its course and outcome were identified. These include the volume and nature  of information about a specific disease, which is understood by the patient according to their intellectual and psychological  readiness to perceive and interpret it; the way in which a doctor provides information about the course of the disease, possible  outcomes, and planned treatment methods; age and gender; the nature and severity of the disease itself, as well as the mental  health of patients.
Features of external respiration in individuals using various methods of psychoactive substance consumption
Authors: Urunova G. R.
Published: December 2023

The study of the influence of inhalation psychoactive substances (PAS) on the respiratory system is an important issue, given the  speed and trend of the spread of various inhalation devices. Hookah is a device for smoking tobacco, the essence of which is  the passage of tobacco smoke through a container with water or other liquids (milk, alcohol). The study was conducted among  students of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov (SAFU), and the population permanently  residing in the city of Arkhangelsk. The study was conducted from 2020 to 2022. The aim of this article is to compare the  indicators of external respiration in individuals using PAS in different ways. Material and methods. External respiration was  assessed by spirometry. Spirometry is a fairly simple, non-invasive and informative method for measuring airflows and volumes.  The article presents an analysis of spirometry data from 155 people. Group I included individuals not using tobacco products,  Group II included cigarette smokers only, and Group III included individuals using tobacco with a hookah. Results. Volume  indicators (FVC, FEV1) in Group I were significantly higher than in representatives of Groups II and III (p > 0.01); Also, in  Group I, speed indicators were significantly higher. A significant decrease in the FEV indicator was found in Group III compared  to Group II (p > 0.01). Also, members of Groups II and III had a significant decrease in speed indicators compared to Group I.
Kidney damage in hypertension disease
Authors: Murkamilov I. T. , Aitbaev K. A. , Fomin V. V. , Murkamilova Zh. A. , Astanin P. A. , Yusupova T. F. , Yusupov F. A.
Published: December 2023

Essential hypertension (EH) is the most common cardiovascular disease and the leading cause of chronic kidney disease  (CKD) worldwide. The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency and nature of kidney damage in hypertension. 189  patients (69 men and 120 women) with hypertension (stages I, II, and III) aged 43 years and older were examined. The average age of the patients was 61.2 ± 8.7 years. Clinical and biochemical tests were conducted on all patients, including red blood  cell indices, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid profile, fibrinogen, electrolytes, glucose, uric acid, creatinine, and cystatin C. The  duration of hypertension was also recorded for each patient. Kidney function was assessed using serum creatinine (CKD-EPI)  and cystatin C (F. Houcke). Patients were categorized according to the degree of decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR)  based on the recommendations of the Russian Nephrology Society. Patients with kidney damage were divided into two groups:  Group 1 consisted of patients with hypertension without signs of CKD (GFR calculated by cystatin C ≥ 60 ml/min), while  Group 2 consisted of patients with hypertension complicated by CKD. The results showed that hypertension was accompanied  by target organ damage in 70.8% of cases. The prevalence of CKD among patients with hypertension was 28.5%. Proteinuria  was mainly detected in patients with renal insufficiency. The frequency of GFR categories according to CKD-EPI and F.  Houcke formulas was as follows: G1 — 54.4% and 13.7% (p < 0.05); G2 — 35.9% and 57.6% (p < 0.05); G3a — 5.2% and  19.5% (p < 0.05); G3b — 3.1% and 5.2% (p < 0.05); G4 — 0.5% and 3.1% (p < 0.05) and G5 — 0.5% and 0.5%, respectively.  There was a strong correlation between GFR and serum creatinine (r = –0.439; p < 0.05) and cystatin C (r = –0.866;  p < 0.0001). Patients in Group 2 (hypertension with kidney damage) had significantly higher levels of CRP, low-density  lipoprotein cholesterol, cystatin C, and longer duration of hypertension, but lower levels of total calcium than patients in  Group 1. In conclusion, CKD was present in 28.5% of patients with hypertension, and proteinuria was mainly detected in  patients with renal insufficiency. Serum cystatin C levels most accurately reflect kidney filtration function.
Mirror therapy as a method of rehabilitation for stroke patients
Authors: Motriy E. V. , Shepel I. S. , Neustroeva T. E.
Published: December 2023

Mirror therapy as a rehabilitation method for stroke patients. Stroke claims millions of lives every year worldwide. Its severity is  associated with the damage to important brain structures and severe disruptions of various physiological functions in patients, making the investigation of methods to alleviate the consequences of stroke relevant. The aim of this study is to highlight  the methods of mirror therapy, their effectiveness, and to examine some possible mechanisms underlying the positive effects  of mirror therapy on the recovery of limb functions. Materials and Methods. A review and analysis of literature data were  conducted. Literature search was carried out in Scopus and Pubmed databases. Technical implementation of mirror therapy.  Various three-dimensional structures are used to implement the method of mirror therapy, allowing the patient to perceive the  work of the working limb as the work of an immobilized leg or arm, which has a positive effect on the rehabilitation process.  In many studies, the effectiveness of mirror therapy has been demonstrated both in the chronic and acute phases after stroke.  Several hypotheses have been put forward by scientists about the mechanisms of the effectiveness of mirror therapy, suggesting  the activation of motor neuron centers and zones in the brain cortex. Conclusion. According to the results of numerous studies,  mirror therapy shows a sufficiently high effectiveness in the rehabilitation of stroke patients and improves their quality of life.
Retrospective Analysis of Spontaneous Reports of Fatal Adverse Reactions Associated with Lidocaine
Authors: Matveev A. V. , Konyaeva E. I. , Egorova E. A. , Beitullaev A. M.
Published: December 2023

SCIENTIFIC RELEVANCE. Pain and pain relief are among the most important problems that arise during medical procedures. Lidocaine is used not only as an anaesthetic during interventions but also as a diluent for other medicinal products. Analysis of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with lidocaine contributes to studying lidocaine toxicity and, as a result, developing measures to reduce side effects.

AIM. The authors aimed to conduct a retrospective analysis of spontaneous reports of fatal ADRs associated with lidocaine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study analysed spontaneous ADR reports of fatal outcomes associated with lidocaine submitted to the federal ADR database in the Automated Information System of the Federal Service for Surveillance in Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Pharmacovigilance, versions 1.0 and 2.0) from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2020.

RESULTS. The ADR reports included 102 fatal outcomes associated with lidocaine. Most often, lidocaine was prescribed as a local anaesthetic or as a diluent for antibacterials. Studying the administered lidocaine doses, the authors identified several overdose cases. Most life-threatening conditions were due to hypersensitivity reactions of anaphylactic shock (54 cases, 52.9%). Lidocaine administration was accompanied by loss of consciousness, respiratory failure, and cardiac arrest in 10 cases (9.8%). Convulsions were a significant clinical sign in 9 cases (8.8%).

CONCLUSIONS. Awareness of the risks of systemic toxic effects of local anaesthetics, including lidocaine, necessitates the practical implementation of certain safety measures, such as allergy skin tests before administration and mandatory monitoring of doses and patients’ well-being after administration.
Application of Geoinformatics in Civil Engineering Design and Construction: A Case Study of Ile Oluji, SW Nigeria
Authors: Falowo Olumuyiwa
Published: December 2023

Subsoil engineering site condition and modeling of engineering parameters has been carried out in Ile Oluji, Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria, using geotechnical investigation, geophysical method, borehole logging, groundwater level measurement, and laboratory studies. Findings revealed that the soils are clayey of low-high plasticity/compressibility, with AASHTO classification of A-7-6. Based on average values of cohesion (48.4 KN/m2), angle of friction (17.4°), unconfined compressive strength (186.8 KN/m2), coefficient of permeability (2.13E-06 cm/s), activity (0.48), soaked CBR (7 %), MDD/OMC (1980 kg/m3/14.8 %), plasticity index (20.2 %), group index (6 %), compression index (0.0443), coefficient of volume compressibility (0.2041 m2/KN), depth to basement rock (22.2 m), static water levels 5.5 m (in well) and 21.8 m (in borehole), the soil is unsuitable for highway subgrade, subbase, and base courses. Thus, if it is expedient to use it as subgrade soil, the minimum recommended thickness is 241 – 513 mm (avg. 395 mm). The average allowable bearing capacity of the soil for square and round foundations are 268.4 KN/m2 and 267.95 KN/m2 respectively, with average total settlement of 18.3 mm for structural pressure of 100 KN/m2. For embankment, the suitability index (1.21) of the soil suggests a fair/expanding not collapsible construction material. The rock units in the area have high compressive/shear strength, modulus of elasticity, high crushing strength, low deformability; and presumable bearing capacity of 8, 000 – 10, 000 KPa when fresh, and 5000 – 7000 KPa when partly or slightly weathered. Thus are valuable as foundation constructions, aggregate in pavement, building stone, and armourstones. The correlation coefficient of the parameters are: MDD/PI vs. CBR (0.0043), LL vs. coefficient of consolidation (0.0608), PI vs. undrained shear strength/effective overburden (0.2706), PI vs. angle of shearing (0.0117), dry density vs. angle of shearing (0.0058), suitability index vs. CBRs (0.3644), clay contents vs. PI (0.1355).
Performance evaluation of alternate wetting and drying irrigation for rice cultivation
Authors: MORSHED Md. Mahadi
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the 2009-2010 Boro season at the Shahjalal Science and Technology University campus, Sylhet, Bangladesh, to investigate the impact of alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWDI) on rice production. Using a randomized complete block design (RCBD), four irrigation treatments were applied to a modern variety (MV) of rice (BRRIdhan 28). One control treatment, T0, maintained a continuous standing water depth of 1-5 cm. Water was irrigated to three AWD treatments, T1, T2, and T3 when the water level dropped 10, 20, and 30 cm below ground level, respectively. In spite of the fact that treatment T0 produced the highest grain yield (4.90 t/ha), its water use efficiency was 38.64 kg/ha/cm. Compared to treatment T1, which produced 4.68 t/ha, treatment T1 had a water use efficiency of 41.86 kg/ha/cm. Treatments T2 and T3 yielded 3.96 t/ha and 3.63 t/ha, respectively. When water levels fall below 10 cm below ground level, treatment T1 may be the best option for rice cultivation in conditions of limited water availability.
Lectotypification of the name Krascheninikovia rigida (Pseudostellaria rigida; Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: Prokopenko S. V.
Published: December 2023

The article represents a description of original material of the name Krascheninikovia rigida Kom. (≡ Pseudostellaria rigida (Kom.) Pax), which is absent from the «Catalogue of the type specimens of the vascular plants from Siberia and the Russian Far East kept in the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE)». The second-step lectotype of the name Krascheninikovia rigida is designated.
A systematic review on near-peer teaching in higher education: Training, types of instruction, and outcomes
Authors: Dekker Izaak , Thurlings Marieke , Delnoij Laurie , van der Veen Jan
Published: December 2023

This comprehensive study reviewed the literature on near-peer teaching (NPT) in higher education, synthesizing what is known from 111 empirical, peer-reviewed studies describing how near-peer teachers (NPTs) were trained, what instruction they provided, and the outcomes this yielded for students and NPTs. The vast majority of the studies was conducted in medical or science education and was often called peer-assisted learning, while a minority used supplemental instruction or peer-assisted study sessions. The training for NPTs focused on didactic skills, subject-matter knowledge, or both and was mostly offered before or before and during teaching. The instruction that NPTs provided was problem/case-based, practical, metacognitive, or a combination thereof, and was mostly part of a course. Both students and NPTs consistently evaluated the provided instruction and their experience as positive. The training and the instruction consistently resulted in improved learning outcomes for students and confidence in teaching skills, communication, and leadership for NPTs. The results indicate that NPT is a valued and promising practice in higher education, but a common theoretical model that structures and explains how specific combinations of training, instruction, and outcomes are related is noticeably absent. The current body of literature includes many descriptive and exploratory studies with a myriad of unstandardized outcomes. We present a theoretical model to explain the mechanisms of NPT and formulate practical guidelines for preparing and training NPTs.
The Deep Mystery of the Universe Behind Zeno’s Paradox
Authors: Tadesse Henok
Published: December 2023

Zeno’s paradoxes of motion are four related paradoxes created by an ancient Greek philosopher in 500 B.C. In one of the well-known paradoxes, Achilles, who is a fast runner, chases a tortoise who is initially at a point P ahead of him and moving slowly forward. Zeno argued that, by the time Achilles arrives at point P, the tortoise will have moved forward to another point P1. Although Achilles is now closer to the tortoise, he will not catch up on the second try again because by the time Achilles arrives at point P1, the tortoise will have moved to another point P2 and so on. Therefore, Achilles will never catch up with and overtake the tortoise. But we know that a fast runner overtakes a slow runner in reality. This paradox has puzzled philosophers, mathematicians and scientists for millennia. This paper reveals the mystery of the universe behind Zeno’s paradoxes. There is no entity called an electron or a proton moving from one point to another point in space as we know it. It is profound that philosophers were able to probe the deep mystery of the universe by logic alone 2500 years ago!
Upper Limit for the Energy of Motion
Authors: Annamalai Chinnaraji
Published: December 2023

The Sun is the main source of natural light on the Earth. Light waves are electromagnetic in general and they do not require a medium for their propagation. Thus, the light can travel in a vacuum. Quanta of light are the smallest discrete packets of electromagnetic energy. A quantum of light that has no mass is called a photon. The relativistic motion [1-5] of a particle is concerned with the motion of the particle whose velocity approaches the speed of light.
Multiple imputation of missing data in large studies with many variables: A fully conditional specification approach using partial least squares
Authors: Grund Simon , Lüdtke Oliver , Robitzsch Alexander
Published: December 2023

Multiple imputation (MI) is one of the most popular methods for handling missing data in psychological research. However, many imputation approaches are poorly equipped to handle large numbers of variables, which are a common sight in studies that employ questionnaires to assess psychological constructs. In such a case, conventional imputation approaches often become unstable and require that the imputation model be simplified, for example, by removing variables or combining them into composite scores. In this article, we propose an alternative method that extends the fully conditional specification (FCS) approach to MI with dimension reduction techniques such as partial least squares (PLS). To evaluate this approach, we conducted a series of simulation studies, in which we compared it with other approaches that were based on variable selection, composite scores, or dimension reduction through principal components analysis (PCA). Our findings indicate that this novel approach can provide accurate results even in challenging scenarios, where other approaches fail to do so. Finally, we also illustrate the use of this method in real data and discuss the implications of our findings for practice.
Attention Control Measures Improve the Prediction of Performance in Navy Trainees
Authors: Burgoyne Alexander P. , Mashburn Cody Anthony , Tsukahara Jason S. , Pak Richard , Coyne Joseph T. , Foroughi Cyrus , Sibley Ciara , Drollinger Sabrina M. , Engle Randall W
Published: December 2023

We present a theoretical framework and empirical data from a sample of 490 U.S. Navy trainees (air traffic controllers, student naval aviators, and student naval flight officers) exploring the use of attention control tests in personnel selection. Current military selection tests leave room for improvement when predicting individual differences in work-relevant outcomes and reducing adverse impact. We tested whether measures of attention control, working memory capacity, and fluid intelligence improved the prediction of training success above and beyond composite scores currently used by the U.S. Military. For air traffic controllers in training, commonality analyses revealed that attention control explained 9.1% of the unique variance in academic performance, whereas the Armed Forces Qualification Test explained 5.2% of the unique variance. For student naval aviators, incremental validity estimates were generally small and non-significant. For student naval flight officers, commonality analyses revealed that attention control measures explained 11.8% of the unique variance in aviation preflight indoctrination training performance and 4.3% of the unique variance in flight performance. Although these point estimates are based on relatively small samples, they provide preliminary evidence that attention control measures might improve training outcome classification accuracy in real-world samples of military personnel.
Surfing the OCEAN: The Machine Learning Psycholexical Approach 2.0 to Detect Personality Traits in Texts
Authors: Giannini Federico , Marelli Marco , Stella Fabio , Monzani Dario , Pancani Luca
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE – We aimed to develop a machine-learning model to infer OCEAN traits from text.BACKGROUND – The psycholexical approach allows retrieving information about personality traits from human language. However, it has rarely been applied because of methodological and practical issues that current computational advancements could overcome.METHOD – Classical taxonomies and a large Yelp corpus were leveraged to learn an embedding for each personality trait. These embeddings were used to train a feedforward neural network for predicting traits values. Their generalization performances have been evaluated through two external validation studies involving experts (N=11) and laypeople (N=100) in a discrimination task about the best markers of each trait and polarity.RESULTS – Intrinsic validation of the model yielded excellent results, with R2 values greater than .75. The validation studies showed a high proportion of matches between participants’ choices and model predictions, confirming its efficacy in identifying new terms related to the OCEAN traits. The best performance was observed for agreeableness and extraversion, especially for their positive polarities. The model was less efficient in identifying the negative polarity of openness and conscientiousness.CONCLUSIONS – This innovative methodology can be considered a “psycholexical approach 2.0,” contributing to research in personality and its practical applications in many fields
Cultural Contexts and Moral Judgments in AI
Authors: Du Mark
Published: December 2023

This paper explores the influence of cultural context on the moral judgments made by artificial intelligence systems. As AI increasingly pervades various aspects of human life, understanding how it aligns with or diverges from human ethical standards becomes crucial. We first review the theoretical underpinnings of moral judgments in AI, drawing upon literature from moral philosophy, machine learning, and cross-cultural psychology. We then present a comparative analysis of AI systems trained on data sets from different cultural backgrounds, focusing on how these systems navigate moral dilemmas.Our methodology involves training machine learning models on moral dilemma scenarios, each annotated according to the dominant ethical perspectives of distinct cultural groups. The study assesses how AI's moral judgments align with the values and norms of these groups, using a combination of quantitative measures and qualitative analysis. Our findings indicate significant variance in the moral judgments made by AI systems based on the cultural context of their training data. For instance, AI trained on data from individualistic cultures showed a propensity for prioritizing individual rights, while those trained on collectivist culture data emphasized communal well-being.The paper discusses the implications of these findings for the development of culturally sensitive AI, emphasizing the need for a pluralistic approach in AI ethics. We argue that understanding and integrating diverse cultural perspectives into AI's ethical framework is not only a technological challenge but also a moral imperative. Finally, we propose future research directions, including the exploration of hybrid models that can adapt to diverse cultural contexts and the development of AI systems capable of recognizing and respecting cultural nuances in their decision-making processes.
The working memory advantage for meaningful stimuli persists under high levels of proactive interference
Authors: Williams Lauren , Störmer Viola S. , Brady Timothy F.
Published: December 2023

Previous work has shown that visual working memory performance is higher for recognizable and meaningful stimuli relative to meaningless, but physically matched, stimuli (e.g., Asp et al., 2021). Here, we test whether the benefit for meaningful stimuli arises due to active storage in working memory or can, at least in part, be explained by reliance on other more durable memory traces, such as long-term memory. We manipulated meaningfulness using ambiguous Mooney faces (Exp. 1) and objects (Exp. 2) vs. scrambled versions of the same stimuli. Although items were repeated 10x more often in the high interference condition than the low interference condition, we found equivalent objective and subjective effects of meaningfulness at high levels of proactive interference, suggesting that persistent passive long-term memory traces do not play a critical role for the meaningfulness advantage in working memory tasks.
A Matter of Timing? Effects of Parent-Adolescent Conflict on Adolescent Negative Affect and Depressive Symptoms on Six Timescales
Authors: Bülow Anne , Boele Savannah , Lougheed Jessica P. , Denissen Jaap J. A. , van Roekel Eeske , Keijsers Loes
Published: December 2023

Development is an iterative dynamic process that unfolds over time. Few theories, however, discuss the speed of developmental processes. Therefore, decisions about measurement timing often rely on arbitrary or practical choices, disregarding the timescale dependency of results. As an exemplary case, this preregistered study assessed reciprocal associations between parent-adolescent conflict and ill-being (i.e., negative affect and depressive symptoms) with daily, weekly, biweekly, monthly, bimonthly, and three-monthly intervals. A 100-day diary study (N=159, M=13.31 years, 62% girls, 89% Dutch, Data collection: 2020-21) and a 26-wave biweekly study (N=253, M=14.37 years, 72% girls, 96% Dutch, Data collection: 2019-20) were used. By aggregating measurements multiple timescales could be assessed within the same dataset. Multilevel structural equation modelling revealed that conflict predicted depressive symptoms one month (β=.09) and three months later (β=.13). Reversely, negative affect predicted conflict one week later (β=.07) and depressive symptoms predicted conflict two weeks later (β=.08). Thus, transactional processes may function differently at different timescales, which has implications for expanding developmental theories about the timescales of relevant processes.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Uses in Supply Chain Risk Management
Authors: Yassin Mohamed
Published: December 2023

Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) is an ever growing field that attracts much attention for research and development due to its increasing size and complexity that resulted in having risks occurring frequently, these risks need to be identified, predicted, and mitigated since they tend to happen unexpectedly. Some supply chain industries are still struggling to mitigate these risks, that has emphasized the importance of predictions and decision making which researchers are trying to solve using mathematical techniques. This makes Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques a great approach to solve these problems with their prediction and problem solving abilities. This paper focuses on the application of AI and ML effect on improving SCRM along with data mining importance and discusses the gaps and limitations of such technologies.
A cognitive pathway to persistent, maladaptive choice
Authors: McNally Gavan P. , Jean-Richard-dit-Bressel Philip
Published: December 2023

Correctly recognising that alcohol or other substances are causing problems is a necessary condition for those problems to spur beneficial behaviour change. Yet such recognition is neither immediate nor straightforward. Recognition that one’s alcohol or drug use is causing negative consequences often occurs gradually. Contemporary addiction neuroscience has yet to make progress in understanding and addressing these recognition barriers, despite evidence that lack of problem recognition is a primary impediment to seeking treatment. Based on our recent empirical work, this article shows how recognition barriers can emerge from dual constraints on how we learn about the negative consequences of our actions. One constraint is imposed by the characteristics of negative consequences themselves. A second constraint is imposed by the characteristics of human cognition and information processing. In some people, the joint action of these constraints causes lack of correct awareness of the consequences of their behaviour and reduced willingness to update that knowledge and behaviour when confronted with counterevidence. This ‘cognitive pathway’ can drive persistent, maladaptive choice.
In Praise of Empathic AI
Authors: Inzlicht Michael , Cameron Daryl , D'Cruz Jason , Bloom Paul
Published: December 2023

We investigate the societal implications of empathic AI, asking how its seemingly empathic expressions make people feel. We highlight AI's unique ability to simulate empathy without the same biases that afflict humans. While acknowledging serious pitfalls, we propose that AI expressions of empathy could increase human welfare.
Commentary on “Consumed by Creed”
Authors: Fillon Adrien Alejandro , Larigaldie Nathanael , Brown Nicholas John Laird
Published: December 2023

“Consumed by Creed” (Adam-Troian & Bélanger, 2023) is a research article that suggests a link between Obsessive-Compulsive symptoms and support for political violence. Analysing the article and the dataset provided by the authors, we found errors in their methodology and procedures, accompanied by a high number of researcher degrees of freedom that could have led to the finding of false-positive results. Given the important political and psychological implications of the claimed findings and the weakness of the evidence presented, we recommend substantial caution in interpreting the results reported in the article, and we urge researchers to drastically improve current research practices in the field of radicalization to ensure that policy decisions are based on valid and reliable evidence.
Overcoming biases of individual level shopping history data in health research
Authors: Skatova Anya
Published: December 2023

Novel sources of population data, especially administrative and medical records, as well as the digital footprints generated through interactions with online services, present a considerable opportunity for advancing health research and policymaking. An illustrative example is shopping history records that can illuminate aspects of population health by scrutinizing extensive sets of everyday choices made in the real world. However, like any dataset, these sources possess specific limitations, including sampling biases, validity issues, and measurement errors. To enhance the applicability and potential of shopping data in health research, we advocate for the integration of individual-level shopping data with external datasets containing rich repositories of longitudinal population cohort studies. This strategic approach holds the promise of devising innovative methodologies to address inherent data limitations and biases. By meticulously documenting biases, establishing validated associations, and discerning patterns within these amalgamated records, researchers can extrapolate their findings to encompass population-wide datasets derived from national supermarket chain. The validation and linkage of population health data with real-world choices pertaining to food, beverages, and over-the-counter medications, such as pain relief, present a significant opportunity to comprehend the impact of these choices and behavioural patterns associated with them on public health.
The Prevalence of Direct Replication Articles in Top-Ranking Psychology Journals
Authors: Clarke Beth , Lee Pui Yu , Schiavone Sarah R. , Rhemtulla Mijke , Vazire Simine
Published: December 2023

Despite lip service about replication being a cornerstone of science, replications have historically received little real estate in the published literature. Following psychology’s recent replication crisis, we assessed the prevalence of one type of replication contribution: direct replication articles — articles where a direct or close replication of a previously published study is one of the main contributions of the article. This prevalence provides one indicator of how much the field values and incentivizes this type of self-correction. We used a keyword search combined with manual checking to identify direct replication articles that were published from 2010 – 2021 in the 100 highest-impact psychology journals. In total, only 0.2% of articles (169 articles out 84,834) were direct replication articles. There was a small suggestive increase in the prevalence of direct replication articles over time. Additionally, journals with a stated policy of considering replication submissions (31% of journals) were 7.85 times more likely to publish direct replication articles than those without such a policy. Fifty-four out of 88 journals did not publish any direct replication articles in the eleven years surveyed. Our estimate is not the same as the prevalence of direct replication studies overall (direct replication results can be shared in many ways other than as direct replication articles in top journals). Ultimately, direct replication articles are still rare, with a few journals doing most of the heavy lifting. Based on these findings, we argue it would be premature to declare that psychology’s replication crisis is over.
What We Mean When We Say Semantic: A multidiscilpinary semantic glossary
Authors: Reilly Jamie , Shain Cory , Borghesani Valentina , Kuhnke Philipp , Vigliocco Gabriella , Peelle Jonathan E. , Mahon Bradford , Buxbaum Laurel , Majid Asifa , Brysbaert Marc , Borghi Anna M. , De Deyne Simon , Dove Guy , Papeo Liuba , Pexman Penny M. , Poeppel David , Lupyan Gary , Boggio Paulo , Hickock Gregory , Gwilliams Laura , Fernandino Leonardo , Mirman Daniel , Chrysikou Evangelia G. , Sandberg Chaleece , Crutch Sebastian J , Pylkkanen Liina , Yee Eiling , Jackson Rebecca L. , Rodd Jennifer M , Bedny Marina , Connell Louise , Kiefer Markus , Kemmerer David , de Zubicaray Greig Ian , Jefferies Beth , Lynott Dermot , Siew Cynthia S. Q. , Desai Rutvik H. , McRae Ken , Diaz Michele T , Bolognesi Marianna , Fedorenko Evelina , Kiran Swathi , Montefinese Maria , Binder Jeffrey R , Yap Melvin Ju-min , Hartwigsen Gesa , Cantlon Jessica , Bi Yanchao , Hoffman Paul , Garcea Frank , Vinson David
Published: December 2023

Tulving (1972) characterized semantic memory as a vast repository of meaning that underlies language and many other cognitive processes. This perspective on lexical and conceptual knowledge galvanized a new era of research undertaken by numerous fields, each with their own idiosyncratic methods and terminology. For example, ‘concept’ has different meanings in philosophy, linguistics, and psychology. As such, many fundamental constructs used to delineate semantic theories remain underspecified and/or opaque. Weak construct specificity is among the leading causes of the replication crisis now facing psychology and related fields. Term ambiguity hinders cross-disciplinary communication, falsifiability, and incremental theory-building. Numerous cognitive subdisciplines (e.g., vision, affective neuroscience) have recently addressed these limitations via the development of consensus-based guidelines and definitions. The project to follow represents our effort to produce a multidisciplinary semantic glossary consisting of succinct definitions, background, principled dissenting views, ratings of agreement, and subjective confidence for 17 target constructs (e.g., abstractness, abstraction, concreteness, concept, embodied cognition, event semantics, lexical-semantic, modality, representation, semantic control, semantic feature, simulation, semantic distance, semantic dimension). We discuss potential benefits and pitfalls (e.g., implicit bias, prescriptiveness) of these efforts to specify a common nomenclature that other researchers might index in specifying their own theoretical perspectives (e.g., They said X, but I mean Y).
THIS BORDER CALLED MY SKIN
Authors: Ramji-Nogales Jaya
Published: December 2023

Immigration law in the United States constructs and perpetuates racist imaginaries of national security that locate the border on people of color, including and extending beyond migrants. This chapter engages with the concept of “foreignness,” a label that contains within it race, religion, and language, enabling and obscuring their use as mechanisms of control. Immigration law performs the work of racial, religious, and linguistic discrimination through distinctions facially based on nationality. This exclusion based on foreignness is amplified through the invocation of national security. Examining several points in the historical development of the concept of national security in immigration law, the chapter illustrates the work that foreignness performs in defending white supremacy and justifying the unequal distribution of political and economic power. By recovering that history and surfacing the roles of foreignness and national security, this chapter aims to begin unraveling the power of these concepts and the harm that they inflict on people of color.