bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Streamflow and Baseflow Responses to Land-Use and Climate Change Using SWAT
Authors: Aboelnour Mohamed , Gitau Margaret W. , Engel Bernard
Published: November 2019

Alteration of land use and climate change are among the main variables affecting watershed hydrology. Characterizing the impacts of climate variation and land use alteration on water resources is essential in managing watersheds. Thus, in this research, streamflow and baseflow responses to climate and land use variation were modeled in two watersheds, the Upper West Branch DuPage River (UWBDR) watershed in Illinois and Walzem Creek watershed in Texas. The variations in streamflow and baseflow were evaluated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model. The alteration in land use between 1992 and 2011 was evaluated using transition matrix analysis. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was adopted to investigate changes in meteorological data from 1980-2017. Our results indicated that the baseflow accounted for almost 55.3% and 33.3% of the annual streamflow in the UWBDR and Walzem Creek watersheds, respectively. The contribution of both land use alteration and climate variability on the flow variation is higher in the UWBDR watershed. In Walzem Creek, the alteration in streamflow and baseflow appears to be driven by the effect of urbanization more than that of climate variability. The results reported herein are compared with results reported in recent work by the authors in order to provide necessary information for water resources management planning, as well as soil and water conservation, and to broaden the current understanding of hydrological components variation in different climate regions.
Identification of Cryptic Species of Four Candida Complexes in a Culture Collection
Authors: Fontecha Gustavo , Montes Kathy , Ortiz Bryan , Galindo Celeste , Braham Sharleen
Published: November 2019

Candida spp. are the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide. The taxonomy of Candida is controversial and has undergone recent changes due to novel genetically related species. Therefore, some complexes of cryptic species have been proposed. In clinical settings, the correct identification of Candida species is relevant since some species are associated with high resistance to antifungal drugs and increased virulence. This study aimed to identify the species of four Candida complexes (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. haemulonii) by molecular methods. This is the first report of six cryptic Candida species in Honduras: C. dubliniensis, C. africana, C. duobushaemulonii, C. orthopsilosis, and C. metapsilosis, and it is also the first report of the allele hwp1-2 of C. albicans sensu stricto. It was not possible to demonstrate the existence of C. auris among the isolates of the C. haemulonii complex. We also propose a simple method based on PCR-RFLP for the discrimination of the multi-resistant pathogen C. auris within the C. haemulonii complex.
On-Farm Evaluation of Prescription Map-Based Variable Rate Application of Pesticides in Vineyards
Authors: Campos Javier , Gallart Montserrat , Llop Jordi , Ortega Paula , Salcedo Ramón , Gil Emilio
Published: November 2019

Canopy characteristics are crucial for accurately and safely determining the pesticide quantity and volume of water used for spray applications in vineyards. The inevitably high degree of intra-plot variability makes it difficult to develop a global solution for the optimal volume application rate. Here, the design procedure of, and the results obtained from, a variable rate application (VRA) sprayer are presented. Prescription maps were generated after detailed canopy characterization, using a multispectral camera embedded on an unmanned aerial vehicle, throughout the entire growing season in Torrelavit (Barcelona) in four vineyard plots of Chardonnay (2.35 ha), Merlot (2.97 ha), and Cabernet Sauvignonn (4.67 ha). The maps were obtained by merging multispectral images with information provided by DOSAVIÑA®, a decision support system, to determine the optimal volume rate. They were then uploaded to the VRA prototype, obtaining actual variable application maps after the application processes were complete. The prototype had an adequate spray distribution quality and exhibited similar results in terms of biological efficacy on powdery mildew compared to conventional (and constant) application volumes. The VRA results demonstrated an accurate and reasonable pesticide distribution, with potential for reduced disease damage even in cases with reduced amounts of plant protection products and water.
MEWUJUDKAN WORLD CLASS PROFESSIONALISM OF LIBRARIANS DI ERA LIBRARY MOBILE
Authors: Nurjanah Yuni
Published: November 2019

At the century, library has offered exceptional service via mobile web users. This concept refers to the components of the mobile web - Ellyssa Kroski: users, devices, operating systems, services, content. The device not only machines, including human resources (librarian). Course professional librarians, brave move on, becoming a greater. It leads to the aspect of librarian professionalism - Steers & Porter (1991) that professional librarians are not different from other professions. Its benchmarks 1) the skills, abilities, and knowledge; 2) psychological maturity. The professionalism of this
century was also characterized by a global culture which is full of competition and fast-paced change. Not just the usual professionalism, but world-class professionalism that will enable us to dominate the Mobile Library and align us with other professional organizations worldwide. These has become the premise to realize a world class professionalism of librarians in the era of the mobile library. How to? These will be discussed in this article.

Keywords: mobile web, web libraries, professional librarian
REVITALISASI PERAN PERPUSTAKAAN UMUM BAGI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Widuri Noorika Retno
Published: November 2019

The positive development of the various plans of the central government and local government in revitalizing the function of the library in the middle of the community deserve an immediate response by the relevant stakeholders in librarianship. This avoids the loss of state spending because of the development budget of the library, while the library can not be used optimally by the community. In addition to causing harm to the state budget, the failure of the revitalization of the public library functions have an impact on the loss of public confidence in the library. See some interesting phenomenon, the author argues that it is time the library needs to revitalize its role for the community. The issue raised is how the shape of revitalizing the role of the public library for the community.

There are several factors driving the revitalization of the role of libraries, namely
the advancement of information and communication technologies, the increasing
mobility of educated people and high society. The revitalization of the role of public libraries include the library as a social change agent, the agent of human development and cultural agents. Revitalization activities the library’s role as change agents are providing a variety of programs that present a public library, according to the dynamics of today’s society, setting up community-based public library. Revitalize the role of the public library into a public space as a catalyst for social activities, recreation, and culture of the citizens, and to make the library more dynamic, practical and humane. Revitalizing the role of the public library as part of a public service by applying the standard ISO 9008: 2008 in libraries, innovation bureaucracy and library services, as well as professional certification library manager.

Keywords: revitalization of the library; the role of the library; public Library;
agents of social change; public service
Kontribusi Minat Belajar terhadap Hasil Belajar pada Mata Pelajaran IPS Siswa Kelas IV SD Negeri Bulusidokerto Sidoarjo
Authors: Hermanto Didik
Published: November 2019

The study aims to determine the contribution and analyze the level of contribution of interest in learning to the learning outcomes of social studies students of fourth grade SD Negeri Bulusidokare Sidoarjo. The design of the study used quantitative correlation type research. Research sample of grade IV students of SD Negeri Bulusidokare Sidoarjo. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis techniques using product moment correlation test to reveal the contribution and test the determination to reveal the level of contribution. Based on the presentation and analysis of the data, it can be concluded: 1) there is a contribution of interest in learning to the learning outcomes in social studies of fourth grade students of SD Negeri Bulusidokare Sidoarjo of 0.97, meaning that interest in learning has a very strong correlation to student learning outcomes and 2) there is a contribution the high between interest in learning towards learning outcomes in subjects of class IV IPS of SD Negeri Bulusidokare Sidoarjo is 94%.
Pengaruh Model Kooperatif Tipe TGT (Teams Games Tournament) Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas 2 Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Mustofiyah Lilis
Published: November 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of the TGT type cooperative model (Teams Games Tournament) on student learning motivation. Researchers conducted research at SDN Cangkring Turi Prambon. The type of research used is a quantitative approach to experimental methods with Pre Experimental design. The type used is One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The subjects taken were 21 grade II students at SDN Cangkring Turi Prambon. TGT learning model is used to find out the effect of the TGT learning model on the learning motivation of class II students of SDN Cangkring Turi Prambon. The results of this study indicate that the analysis of the data obtained is tcount of 20.80 and ttable of 1.725. Thus tcount > ttable, namely 20.80> 1.725, there is the effect of the TGT model on the learning motivation of class II students of SDN Cangkring Turi Prambon. While the results of the eta squared test obtained 0.955 ≥ 0.14 has the meaning of great influence.
Hubungan Ketuban Pecah dengan Kejadian Asfiksia Neonatorum di RSUD Kabupaten Kediri Tahun 2016
Authors: Lestariningsih Yanu Yufita
Published: November 2019

Premature rupture of  membranerevolves 5-10% from all birth. Impact a birth premature that espoused broken fetal membrane early causess 12-15% asphyxia neonatorum. The purpose of the study to determine the correlation between premature rupture of  membrane with the incidence of asphyxia neonatorum. The research method used is analytic with retrospective cohort approach with independent variable of premature rupture of membrane, dependent variable asphyxia neonatorum. The study was conducted on 7 June to 12 July 2017. The population of 1519 mothers inregional public hospital of Kediri regency 2016. Sample 139 respondents, taken by simple random sampling, was analyzed by Chi Square test with a significant of 0.05. Result of research most of respondent with rupture of membrane counted 46 respondents, almost all respondents that is 82.6% gave birth baby with asphyxia. From result of Chi Square test obtained by result of p-value equal to 0.000 (<0.05), result of coefficient of contingency (C) equal to 0.639 with closeness strong relation, so H1 received H0 rejected which means there is significant relation with closeness strong between premature rupture of membrane with asphyxia neonatorum inregional public hospital of Kediri regency 2016. Relative Risk (RR) 1.65 which means the possibility of a baby experiencing asphyxia neonatorum of 1.65 times in maternal who experience premature rupture of membranes compared to mothers who did not experience premature rupture of membranes.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil tentang HIV dengan Minat Untuk Periksa HIV (PMTCT)
Authors: Wardhani Ratih Kusuma , Dinastiti Vide Bahtera , Azizah Eva Nur
Published: November 2019

This is due to the discovery of potent and safe vaccines against HIV infection and AIDS. The purpose of this study to determine the relationship of knowledge about HIV pregnant women with an interest to check HIV (PMTCT) in Health Center  Gurah Kediri district. The research design used was cross sectional. The research site was conducted at Gurah Community Health Center, Gurah District, Kediri Regency and conducted in May - June 2017. The research samples were 30 respondents. It used Purposive sampling. The independent variable in this study is the knowledge of pregnant women about HIV. The dependent variable in this study is the interest of pregnant women to check for HIV. The instrument in this study used a questionnaire. The data analysys method was Spearman Rank by using SPSS. Knowledge of pregnant women about HIV most 17 respondents (56.7%) and a fraction less 5 respondents (16.7%) enough. Interest of the respondent to check HIV (PMTCT) do not interest most of 13 respondents (43.3%) and a small 8 respondents (26.7%) less interest. There is a relationship between knowledge of HIV pregnant women with an interest to check HIV (PMTCT) with Spearman Rank analysis value is 0.645 with a positive figure shows a strong relationship level. Knowledge greatly affect the interest in performing HIV (PMTCT). Pregnant women are expected to increase the knowledge by attending counseling given by health workers, especially tentag HIV so that it will increase the interest to check HIV (PMTCT).
Factors, Affecting Students’ Decision to Enroll in a University
Authors: Popov Klim
Published: November 2019

Therefore, a university should be able to distinguish itself by focusing on factors which students consider locally, instead of known common aspects which over universities overseas consider for their students. Two surveys were conducted highlighting the decision factors. Secondary research created the foundation for the primary research targeting Dubai-based students. In total, 75 current and 220 potential students participated in the survey, where demographics, factors, and preference of university location were examined. To analyze the data, the mean analysis and MANOVA were used. Also, an integrated marketing communication (IMC) analysis of the brand was conducted. The researchers observed a significant difference between Dubai and the global market. Results reveal that majority of the students consider degree recognition as the most important aspect of their education, followed by career after graduation, academic excellence, and practical approach. There was no direct correlation between the location and a final decision to join. The list of recommendations was created to enhance the IMC practices in the niche market, including conventional and digital marketing, events and PR. One of the limiting factors of this research can be considered the diverse sample of respondents (nationality, curriculum, residency location). This research serves as a foundation for marketing campaigns for Dubai universities and can contribute to the strategic roadmap by focusing on prime factors affecting students’ decision.
Key Success Factors to Increase Value Proposition in the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Kleber Daniel Marco Stefan , Volkova Tatjana
Published: November 2019

Purpose of this conceptual study is the identification and analysis of key success factors to increase value proposition based on design thinking of hotel executives and value co-creation with customers in the hospitality industry. Globalized dynamic markets and ever-changing customer needs and demands require ongoing experimentation and communication to steadily identify customer needs and wants in order to adjust products and services to ensure an increase of value proposition. In this research article, the two-fold role of customers and hotel executives in value co-creation processes leading to an identification of key success factors of value proposition increase is analyzed. The article emphasizes the essential role of customers as contributors to value co-creation processes and hotel executives as contributors to the creation and delivery of value proposition. Superior value proposition can be achieved by understanding actual needs and demands of customers based on design thinking and comparing them to value proposition elements that are perceived as being important by customers. Following this approach, key success factors for enhancing value proposition are analyzed.
Characteristics, Controlling Factors, and Formation of Shallow Buried Karst in Eastern China: A Case Study in the Wuxi Metro Areas, Jiangsu Province
Authors: Guo Shulan , Yan Changhong , Yu Liangchen , Liu Yang , Zhou Yinkang , Shi Xiaozhong
Published: November 2019

Karst-related geo-disasters often occur in karst regions during underground construction. In recent years, a number of shallow buried karst features have been discovered in eastern China. Survey boreholes show that karst caves exist at depths of 26–30 m and 33–36 m, which are typical of shallow buried karst. Using cross-hole seismic computed tomographic techniques, 36 geological anomalies consisting of 26 mud-filled caves, three empty caves, and seven fissure zones/loose lens bodies were detected. Most of the karst caves were oblate or oval. After determining the scale of and the connection between the caves, the study area was divided into two areas to provide advice on the treatment of caves during construction. An analysis of the development characteristics of the karst suggests that karst is controlled by several key factors, including topography, structural features, groundwater conditions, and human activities. Following an analysis of these factors and field studies of the process of formation of the shallow buried caves, solutions are proposed to prevent karst-related geo-hazards. The research results can be used in the design of foundations for buildings that are located in regions that include shallow buried karst in eastern China.
Technology Focus: Water Management (December 2019)
Authors: Swartwout Rosa
Published: November 2019

Technology Focus

Recent trends in water management have taken a more-comprehensive and holistic approach toward the stewardship of water as a critical resource. The industry has broadened its view to address the complete life cycle of water, from the effect of water use, to the reuse or recycling of water, to the final disposal of•water.

In unconventional reservoirs, the use of fresh water for fracturing fluids has been reduced greatly by the development of chemistries that facilitate the use of nonfreshwater sources and flowback fluids. In recent years, the participation of midstream water companies has changed the dynamics of water management, improving the processes by which water is conveyed and increasing the use of flowback or produced water. These companies are playing an increasing role in the infrastructure and operation of water management, sometimes owning and operating water pipelines and water-storage, produced-water-treatment, and produced-water disposal facilities.•

Operators such as Southwestern Energy are taking a progressive approach in an effort to become freshwater-neutral, as outlined in paper SPE 187123.• This company, as an example, defines “freshwater-neutral” as a status in which the total water used is less than the sum of the alternative water and offsets. This company is using a combination of water-treatment technologies, aggressive water-reuse strategies, and conservation projects in local communities to achieve this goal.

Technological advances have enabled a better understanding of the potential environmental impact of final disposal of produced water. This understanding derives from improved modeling and a deeper understanding of the relationship between water-disposal techniques and the environment, including the potential effect of injection wells on induced seismicity. Similarly, operators on the Norwegian Continental Shelf are using an environmental impact factor (EIF) to identify potential risks from specific produced-water discharges. The goal is to achieve an EIF known as “zero effects release.” The EIF can also be used to quantify the beneficial effects of different water-treatment methods.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 194575 A Case Study on Treating•Oil Contaminants and Heavy•Metal of Produced Water Through•Phytoremediation Using Reed-Bed Technology: A Success Story•of•15 Years of Operation of Heglig•Oil•Field•of Sudan by•Ajay Kumar, GNPOC Sudan, et al.

SPE 191529 Fit-for-Purpose Water Treatment in Permian Shale—Field Data,•Laboratory Data, and Comprehensive•Overview by John Walsh,•CETCO Energy Services, et al.

OMC 2019 1101 Analysis and Comparison•of Different Solutions for•Produced-Water Management—LCA•and Biodiversity Impact Assessment•by•Martino Pedullà, RINA•Consulting, et al.
Forced Treadmill Running Reduces Systemic Inflammation Yet Worsens Upper Limb Discomfort in a rat model of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Smith Tianqi Tenchi Gao , Barr-Gillespie Ann E , Klyne David M , Harris Michelle Y , Amin Mamta , Paul Ryan W , Cruz Geneva E , Gallagher Sean , Zhao Huaqing , Barbe Mary Frances
Published: November 2019

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders can result from prolonged repetitive and/or forceful movements. Performance of an upper extremity high repetition high force task increases serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and upper extremity sensorimotor declines in a rat model of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Since one of the most efficacious treatments for musculoskeletal pain is exercise, this study investigated the effectiveness of treadmill running in preventing these responses.
Methods: Twenty-nine young adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Nineteen were trained for 5 weeks to pull a lever bar at high force (15 min/day). Thirteen went on to perform a high repetition high force reaching and lever-pulling task for 10 weeks (10-wk HRHF; 2 hrs/day, 3 days/wk). From this group, five were randomly selected to undergo forced treadmill running exercise (TM) during the last 6 weeks of task performance (10-wk HRHF+TM, 1 hr/day, 5 days/wk). Results were compared to 10 control rats and 6 rats that underwent 6 weeks of treadmill running following training only (TR-then-TM). Voluntary task and reflexive sensorimotor behavioral outcomes were assessed. Serum was assayed for inflammatory cytokines and corticosterone, reach limb median nerves for CD68+ macrophages and extraneural thickening, and reach limb flexor digitorum muscles and tendons for pathological changes.
Results: 10-wk HRHF rats had higher serum levels of IL-1α, IL-1β and TNFα, than control rats. In the 10-wk HRHF+TM group, IL-1β and TNFα were lower, whereas IL-10 and corticosterone were higher, compared to 10-wk HRHF only rats. Unexpectedly, several voluntary task performance outcomes (grasp force, reach success, and participation) worsened in rats that underwent treadmill running, compared to untreated 10-wk HRHF rats. Examination of forelimb tissues revealed lower cellularity within the flexor digitorum epitendon but higher numbers of CD68+ macrophages within and extraneural fibrosis around median nerves in 10-wk HRHF+TM than 10-wk HRHF rats.
Conclusions: Treadmill running was associated with lower systemic inflammation and moderate tendinosis, yet higher median nerve inflammation/fibrosis and worse task performance and sensorimotor behaviors. Continued loading of the injured tissues in addition to stress-related factors associated with forced running/exercise likely contributed to our findings.
Dementia assessment and diagnostic practices of healthcare workers in rural southwestern Uganda: a cross-sectional qualitative study
Authors: Kamoga Ronald , Rukundo Godfrey Z. , Wakida Edith K. , Nakidde Gladys , Obua Celestino , Buss Stephanie S.
Published: November 2019

Background:
An estimated 50 million people worldwide have Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), and this number is projected to increase with the growth of the aging population, with the largest growth occurring in low and middle income countrie . Diagnostic coverage for dementia is estimated to be only 5-10% in low- and middle-income countries. Timely diagnosis of ADRD could prompt early access to information, medical treatments, and support for caregivers. The aim of this study was to assess how healthcare workers in rural southwestern Uganda assess for and diagnose ADRD.
Methods:
We used in-depth interviews to investigate the medical knowledge and clinical practices surrounding ADRD diagnoses among 42 healthcare workers employed at mid-tier health facilities in southwestern Uganda. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify distinct categories and themes.
Results:
Our findings show that healthcare workers without specific mental health training assessed and diagnosed dementia based on history and physical examination alone. On the other hand, healthcare workers with some specialized training in mental health were more likely to use neuropsychological tests, blood tests, urine tests, and brain imaging in the diagnosis of dementia. Collateral history from caregivers was noted to be very important in proper assessment and diagnosis of dementia among all categories of healthcare workers. The majority of healthcare workers regarded memory loss as part of the normal aging process and reported that it does not need any specific treatment. Other healthcare workers could recognize signs and symptoms of dementia, but focused on managing other medical problems at the expense of assessing cognitive decline and mental health. Diagnostic practices did not differ based on age, years of experience, or gender of the healthcare workers.
Conclusion:
These results indicate that specialized training in mental health among healthcare workers is crucial for the assessment and diagnosis of ADRD in rural southwestern Uganda.
Linc01234 promotes cell proliferation and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma via miR-433/PAK4 axis
Authors: LIU Deyu , jian xinchun , XU PU , ZHU Rong , WANG Yuan
Published: November 2019

Background: Mounting studies demonstrate long non-coding RNA s ( lncRNAs ) play an important role in tumor progression. However, the potential biological functions and clinical importance of Linc01234 in oral squamous cell carcinoma ( OSCC ) still remain unclear.
Methods: We evaluated the expression profile and prognostic values of Linc01234 in OSCC tissues via RT-qPCR. Then, functional experiments in vitro were performed to investigate the effects of Linc01234 on tumor growth, migration and invasion in OSCC. Mechanistically, RT-qPCR, bioinformatic analysis and dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to identify a competitive endogenous RNA s ( ceRNA s) among Linc01234, miR-433-3p and PAK4.
Results: We found that Linc01234 was evidently upregulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines, and its level was positively associated with T stage, lymphnode metastasis, differentiation and poor prognosis of patients with OSCC. Our results found that Linc01234 inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis abilities in CAL27 and SCC25 cells following its deletion. Mechanistic analysis indicated that Linc01234 may act as a ceRNA (competing endogenous RNA) of miR-433-3p to relieve the repressive effect of miR-433-3p on its target PAK4.
Conclusions: Our results indicated that Linc01234 promotes OSCC progression through Linc01234/miR-433/PAK4 axis and might be a potential therapeutic target for OSCC.
Icotinib is as efficacious as gefitinib for brain metastasis of EGFR mutated non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Liu Kejun , Jiang Guanming , Zhang Ailing , Li Zhuanghua , Jia Jun
Published: November 2019

Background: The prognosis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with brain metastases is very poor. Currently, therapeutic methods for this patient population include whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT), surgery, radiosurgery and systemic treatment. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) could be effective on cerebral metastases of mutated NSCLC. However, which EGFR-TKIs is more appropriate is still unknown.
Methods: A total of 43 patients were recruit in this study. Among them, 21 cases received icotinib (125 mg, thrice a day) and 22 received cases geﬁtinib (250 mg, once a day) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point of this study was intracranial PFS (iPFS). The relationships between therapeutic arms and patients characteristics were performed using Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. The differences in PFS among the two arms were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and log rank tests.
Results: There was no significant difference of intracranial ORR (66.6% versus 59.1%, P =0.62) and DCR (85.7% versus 81.8%, P =0.73) between the two arms. The median intracranial PFS (iPFS) for icotinib and gefitinib arms were 8.4 months (95% CI, 5.4 to 11.3 months) and 10.6 months (95% CI, 6.3 to 14.8 months), respectively (P =0.17). Adverse events of the two study arms were generally mild. None of the patients experienced dose reduction of EGFR-TKIs.
Conclusions: Our study showed that icotinib and geﬁtinib had similar efficacy for brain metastasis of EGFR mutated NSCLC. Large randomized studies are suggested to further illuminate the effect of these two EGFR-TKIs on cerebral lesions of NSCLC.
Incidence, clinical implications and impact on public health of infections with Shigella spp. and entero-invasive Escherichia coli (EIEC): results of a multicenter cross-sectional study in the Netherlands during 2016-2017
Authors: Beld Maaike van den , Warmelink Esther , Friedrich Alexander W. , Reubsaet Frans A.G. , Schipper Maarten , de Boer Richard F. , Notermans Daan W. , Petrignani Mariska W. F. , Zanten Evert van , Rossen John W.A. , Friesema Ingrid H.M. , Kooistra A.M.D. (Mirjam)
Published: November 2019

Background: Shigella spp. and entero-invasive E. coli (EIEC) use the same invasive mechanism to cause diarrheal diseases. Public health regulations apply only to Shigella spp. infections, but are hampered by the lack of simple methods to distinguish them from EIEC. In the last decades, molecular methods for detecting Shigella spp. and EIEC were implemented in medical microbiological laboratories (MMLs). However, shigellosis cases identified with molecular techniques alone are not notifiable in most countries. Our study investigates the impact of EIEC versus Shigella spp. infections and molecular diagnosed shigellosis versus culture confirmed shigellosis for re-examination of the rationale for the current public health regulations.

Methods: In this multicenter cross-sectional study, fecal samples of patients suspected for gastro-enteritis, referred to fifteen MMLs in the Netherlands, were screened by PCR for Shigella spp. or EIEC. Samples were cultured to discriminate between the two pathogens. We compared risk factors, symptoms, severity of disease, secondary infections and socio-economic consequences for (i) culture-confirmed Shigella spp. versus culture-confirmed EIEC cases (ii) culture positive versus PCR positive only shigellosis cases.

Results: In 2016-2017, 777 PCR positive fecal samples with patient data were included, 254 of these were culture-confirmed shigellosis cases and 32 were culture-confirmed EIEC cases. EIEC cases were more likely to report ingestion of contaminated food and were less likely to be men who have sex with men (MSM). Both pathogens were shown to cause serious disease although differences in specific symptoms were observed. Culture-negative but PCR positive cases were more likely report travel or ingestion of contaminated food and were less likely to be MSM than culture-positive cases. Culture-negative cases were more likely to suffer from multiple symptoms. No differences in degree of secondary infections were observed between Shigella spp. and EIEC, and culture-negative and culture-positive cases.

Conclusions: No convincing evidence was found to support the current guidelines that employs different measures based on species or detection method. Therefore, culture and molecular detection methods for Shigella spp. and EIEC should be considered equivalent for case definition and public health regulations regarding shigellosis. Differences were found regarding risks factors, indicating that different prevention strategies may be required.
Co-infection of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia in Hedgehogs from China.
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Han Hui-Ju , Qi Rui , Gong Xiao-Qing , Lei Si-Cong , Liu Jian-Wei , Qin Xiang-Rong , Zhou Chuan-Min , Fang Li-Zhu , Ma Xiao-Juan , Chu Min , Yu Xue-Jie
Published: November 2019

Hedgehogs ( Erinaceus amurensis ) is an insectivorous mammal frequently observed in the wild and around the residential areas. However, information about tick-borne diseases in this species is not well known. We investigated tick-borne rickettsial pathogens including Anaplasma , Ehrlichia, Candidatus . Neoehrlichia and Rickettsia in hedgehogs collected in central China. Hedgehogs were captured from Hubei and Jiangxi Province with living traps. PCR amplification and DNA sequencing showed that 26% (19/73) hedgehogs were positive to Anaplasma bovis, 20.5% (15/73) were positive to a tentative new Ehrlichia species; in addition, 13.7% (10/73) hedgehogs were positive to A. bovis and Ehrlichia simultaneously. Ca . Neoehrlichia and Rickettsia species was not detected among the 73 hedgehogs. We concluded that hedgehogs from central China were widely infected with Anaplasma and Ehrlichia , suggesting hedgehogs may play a role in the ecology of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia .
A comparative gene co-expression networks analysis of two congener filmy ferns identifies specific desiccation tolerance mechanisms associated to their microhabitat preference.
Authors: Ostria-Gallardo Enrique , Larama Giovanni , Berríos Graciela , Fallard Ana , Gutierrez Ana , Ensminger Ingo , Bravo León A.
Published: November 2019

Background Filmy-ferns (Hymenophyllaceae) are poikilohydric, homoiochlorophyllous desiccation-tolerant (DT) epiphytes. They can colonize lower and upper canopy environments of humid forest. Filmy-ferns desiccate rapidly (hours), contrasting with DT angiosperms (days/weeks). We hypothesized that desiccation tolerance in filmy-ferns would be associated mainly with constitutive features rather than induced responses during dehydration. Hence, the inter-specific differences in vertical distribution would be associated with different dynamics of gene expression within the dehydration or rehydration phases. A comparative transcriptomic analysis with an artificial neural network was done on Hymenophyllum caudiculatum (restricted to lower canopy) and Hymenophyllum dentatum (reach upper canopy) during a desiccation/rehydration cycle.Results Raw reads were assembled into 69,599 transcripts for H. dentatum and 34,726 transcripts for H. caudiculatum . Few transcripts showed significant changes in differential expression (DE). H. caudiculatum had ca. twice DE genes than H. dentatum and higher proportion of increased-and-decreased abundance of genes occurs during dehydration. In contrast, the abundance of genes in H. dentatum decreased significantly when transitioning from dehydration to rehydration. According to the artificial neural network results, H. caudiculatum enhanced osmotic responses and phenylpropanoid related pathways, whilst H. dentatum enhanced its immune system responses and protection against high light stress.Conclusions Our findings provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the desiccation tolerance responses of two filmy ferns and the relationship between the species-specific response and the microhabitats these ferns occupy in nature.
Risk Factors of Brain Metastasis in Patients with EGFR-Mutated Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ouyang Wen , Yu Jing , Zhou Yan , Hu Jing , Huang Zhao , Zhang Junhong , Xie Conghua
Published: November 2019

Purpose NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation was associated with higher incidence of developing brain metastasis (BM). BM is associated with high mortality. Reducing risk of BM becomes increasingly significant for achieving prolonged survival. The aim of the study was to explore the possible risk factors of developing BM during EGFR-TKIs treatment, and to identify the potential candidates for prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) or the first-line osimertinib treatment.Methods A total of 157 consecutive EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC patients without BM at initial diagnosis in our institute between 2014 and 2018 were included. Comparisons of OS were performed based on BM status. The cumulative incidence of secondary BM was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the independent risk factors of secondary BM were investigated by multivariate analysis.Results Patients with secondary BM had worse survival (mOS: 28.6 months) than patients not-developing BM (mOS: 44.8 months). Moreover, the multivariate analysis indicated that age ≤ 49 years (P=0.035), number of extracranial metastases (P=0.013), and malignant pleural effusion (P =0.002) were independent risk factors of secondary BM. Furthermore, the 1-year actuarial risk of developing secondary BM in patients with no risk factor (n =101), 1 risk factor (n =46), and 2 risk factors (n =10) were 7.01%, 14.61%, and 43.75%, respectively (P<0.001).Conclusions Patients developing secondary BM during EGFR-TKIs treatment have worse outcomes. Our results suggested that EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC patients with ≥ 1 risk factors were candidates for PCI or the first-line osimertinib treatment.
A Tunisian version of the Confusion Assessment Method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU): translation and validation
Authors: Saida Imen Ben , Kortli Saiid , Amamou Badii , Kacem Nawres , Ghardallou Mariem , Ely Eugene Wesley , Saad Helmi Ben , Boussarsar Mohamed
Published: November 2019

Background Delirium is common in critically ill patients and is associated with poor outcomes. In Tunisia, it remains however underdiagnosed, lacking a validated screening tool. The CAM-ICU is one of the most commonly used tools for detecting delirium in ICUs. The aim of the present study was to translate and validate a Tunisian version of the CAM-ICU. Methods A forward and backward translation was performed according to the guidelines suggested by the translation and cultural adaptation group. For the validation and inter-rater reliability assessment of the Tunisian CAM-ICU, two trained intensivists independently evaluated delirium in ICU patients admitted between October 2017 and June 2018. The results were compared with the reference evaluation carried out by a psychiatrist using the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The inter-rater reliability was calculated using the kappa statistic. Results The related material of the Tunisian translated version of the CAM-ICU is currently available at the website www.icudelirium.org (last access: October 19, 2019). The study enrolled 137 patients. The Tunisian CAM-ICU showed a very high inter-rater reliability for both intensivists in terms of assessing delirium (Kappa=0.844, p<0.001). Using the DSM-5 rater as the reference standard, the sensitivity of the two intensivists’ evaluations were 80.4% vs. 95.7%. Specificity was 98.9% for both respectively. Conclusions The Tunisian version of the CAM-ICU showed excellent validity and reliability in detecting delirium in critically ill patients. It could therefore be used in Tunisian ICUs or where Tunisian translators are available following appropriate training. Trial registration: Not applicable.
The use of online health related information by medical students and their trust in the retrieved information
Authors: Khajouei Reza , Karbasi Zahra , Mirzaee Moghaddameh , Ameri Arefeh , Ahmadian Leila
Published: November 2019

Background The Internet plays an important role in attaining health related information and its importance is growing worldwide. The majority of Internet users are university students. However, their use of the Internet for health information has not been well studied. The objective of this study was to examine the use of the Internet by medical students to search for health information. Methods This cross-sectional survey was performed on a sample of 400 Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacology students selected from three faculties. The data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire designed based on the review of the published literature and advice of a panel of experts. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 using Chi-square and Logistic regression.Results In this study 261 (65.2%) students used the Internet to search for health information. Most of them (n=175, 67%) somewhat trusted the reliability of information on the Internet. Women used the Internet to search for health information 1.74 times than men (p=0.016) and Medicine students 1.7 times than Pharmacology students (p=0.04). The majority of 20-30 years old students believed that using Internet had no effect on their visits to physicians(p=<0.0001). It reduced the number of visits in all students older than 30. Conclusions The content of online resources needs to be monitored in terms of its credibility for using by students especially those involved in health care domain. Based on our findings most students somewhat trusted the online health information. This is promising for the universities to plan for investment on online education and materials.
Pattern and Timing of Diversification in the African Freshwater Fish Genus Distichodus (Characiformes: Distichodontidae)
Authors: Arroyave Jairo , Denton John S. S. , Stiassny Melanie L. J.
Published: November 2019

Background: Distichodus, the type genus of the endemic African characiform family Distichodontidae, is a clade of tropical freshwater fishes currently comprising 25 named species distributed continent-wide throughout the Nilo-Sudan and most Sub-Saharan drainages. This study investigates the phylogenetic relationships, timing of diversification, and biogeographic history of the genus from a taxonomically comprehensive mutilocus dataset analyzed using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods of phylogenetic inference, coalescence-based species-tree estimation, divergence time estimation, and inference of geographic range evolution. Results: Analyses of comparative DNA sequence data in a phylogenetic context reveal the existence of two major clades of similar species-level diversity and provide support for the monophyletic status of most sampled species. Biogeographic reconstruction on a time-scaled phylogeny suggest that the origins of the genus date back to the late Oligocene and that current geographic distributions are the result of a Congo Basin origin followed by dispersal and range expansion into adjacent ichthyofaunal provinces at different times during the evolutionary history of the group.Conclusions: We present the most comprehensive phylogenetic, chronological, and biogeographic treatment ever conducted for the genus. The few instances of species paraphyly (D. teugelsi, D. fasciolatus) revealed by the resulting phylogenies might be a consequence of deep coalescence and recent speciation. Historical biogeographic findings are both in agreement and conflict with previous studies of other continent-wide African freshwater fish genera, suggesting acomplex scenario for the assemblage of Africa’s continental ichthyofaunal communities. Keywords: Distichodontidae, Distichodus, Congo Basin, molecular phylogeny, African fishes, geographic range evolution, molecular dating.
Genetic diversity and population structure of Amorphophallus albus, a plant species with extremely small populations (PSESP) endemic to dry-hot valley of Jinsha River
Authors: Tang Rong , Liu Erxi , Zhang Yazhou , Schinnerl Johann , Sun Weibang , Chen Gao
Published: November 2019

Background Amorphophallus albus P. Y. Liu & J. F. Chen (Araceae) is a plant species with extremely small populations (PSESP) and important economic crop endemic to dry-hot valleys along the Jinsha River. In order to gain information for sustaining the development and conservation of A. albus , we studied the genetic diversity and population structure of this species using microsatellite markers (SSR). In this study, we analyzed 364 individuals belonging to 24 populations, including four wild populations and three ex-situ cultivated populations, collected in the provinces Yunnan, Sichuan and Hubei.Results The population genetic analyses indicated that A. albus possesses moderate genetic diversity with the percentage of polymorphic loci ( PPL ) from 69.23% to 100%, an expected heterozygosity ( He ) of 0.504 and an average Shannon's Information Index ( I ) 0.912. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that most of the variance (71%) resided within populations and the estimated gene flow ( Nm ) was 0.61. The results of UPGMA cluster tree, STRUCTURE analyses together with the Mantel test (R 2 = 0.352, P < 0.01) indicated that geographically closely located populations are cluster together with some exceptions.Conclusions Our results showed that A. albus still possesses moderate genetic variation in most of the studied populations, and for now, most cultivated populations were naturally distributed but still some reintroduction exists. For sustaining the present genetic variation, some protections measures are necessary for the wild populations and also for the cultivated ones with high genetic diversity.
TeamMate: A longitudinal study of New Zealand working farm dogs. I. Methods, population characteristics and health on enrolment.
Authors: Isaksen Katja Elisabeth , Linney Lori , Williamson Helen , Cave Nick J , Beausoleil Ngaio J , Norman Elizabeth Jane , Cogger Naomi
Published: November 2019

Background Working farm dogs are invaluable on New Zealand sheep and beef farms. To date no study describing farm dog population and health has included information about incidence of illness and injury, or risk factors affecting health and career duration. This paper describes the methodology and initial results from TeamMate, a longitudinal study that was designed to address this gap. We describe the study population, husbandry practices, and prevalence of clinical abnormalities on enrolment. Methods Data about the farms, owners, husbandry practices and dogs were collected on farm at approximately 6-month intervals. All dogs over 18 months old and in full work were enrolled. Dogs were given physical examinations by veterinarians. On examination all abnormalities were noted, regardless of clinical significance. Results Six hundred forty-one working farm dogs and 126 owners were enrolled from the South Island of New Zealand. Forty-nine percent of dogs were Heading dogs (314 of 641) and 48% Huntaways (308 of 641). Median age of dogs was four years (range 1.5 – 14) and median body condition score (BCS) was four on a 9-point scale (interquartile range (IQR) 3 – 5). Fifty-four percent of dogs were male (345 of 641), and 6% (41 of 641) were neutered. Eighty-one percent of owners (102 of 126) fed dogs commercial biscuits and meat sourced on farm. Forty-four percent of dogs (279 of 641) had bedding in their kennel, 14% (55 of 393) had insulated kennels, 69% (442 of 641) had been vaccinated and 33% (213 of 641) were insured. Clinical abnormalities were found in 74% of dogs (475 of 641). Common abnormalities involved the musculoskeletal system (43%, 273 of 641), skin (including scars and callouses; 42%, 272 of 641), and oral cavity (including worn and broken teeth; 35%, 227 of 641). Conclusions Our results expand on those from previous surveys and indicate that musculoskeletal illness and injury, and skin trauma are the most commonly seen clinical abnormalities in working farm dogs. These results will provide a baseline for investigation of incidence and risk factors for illness, injury, retirement and death in New Zealand working farm dogs.