bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Nanoporous Mondispersed Silica Nanoparticles Films Using Poly(styrene)- Block-Poly( 2-Vinyl Pyridine) as Template
Authors: Yu Yang Yen , Chien Wen Chen , Chen Shih Ting
Published: March 2009

Nanoporous silica films were prepared through the templating of amphiphilic block
copolymer, poly(styrene-2-vinyl pyridine) (PS-b-P2VP), and colloidal silica nanoparticles. The
experimental and theoretical studies suggested that the intermolecular hydrogen bonding was
existed between the colloidal silica nanoparticles and PS-b-P2VP. The miscible hybrid and the
narrow thermal decomposition of the PS-b-P2VP led to nanopores in the prepared films from the
results of TGA, AFM, and TEM. The effects of the loading ratio and P2VP chain length on the
morphology and properties of the prepared nanoporous silica films were investigated. The TEM and
AFM studies showed that the uniform pore morphology with pore size 10-15nm was prepared from
a modest porogen loading level for the optimum intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The refractive
index and dielectric constant of the prepared nanoporous films decreased with an increase in
PS-b-P2VP loading. On the other hand, the porosity increased with an increasing PS-b-P2VP
loading. This study demonstrated a methodology to control pore morphology and properties of the
nanoporous silica films through the templating of PS-b-P2VP.
Influence of Radialization Dosage on Shape Memory Effect of Polystyrene Copolymer
Authors: Zhang Da Wei , Leng Jin Song , Liu Yan Ju
Published: March 2009

This paper is concerned about the synthesis of shape memory styrene copolymer and the
investigation of the influence of radialization dosage on its shape memory effect. As one of novel
actuators in smart materials, shape memory polymers (SMPs) have been investigated intensively.
Styrene copolymer with proper cross-linking degree can exhibit shape memory effect (SME). In this
paper, the influence of radialization on shape memory effect of styrene copolymer was investigated
through altering the dosage of radialization. The radialization dosage of styrene copolymer was
determined by changed radicalization time. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of styrene
copolymerwas measured by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). The shape memory performance
of styrene copolymer with different radiated dosage was also evaluated. Results indicated that the
shape memory polymer (SMP) was synthesized successfully. The Tg increased from 60°C to 65°C
followed by increasing the radialization dosage. Moreover, the SMP experienced good SME and the
largest reversible strain of the SMP reached as high as 150%. When heating above Tg+30°C (different
copolymers performed different Tg), the shape recovery speed of the copolymers increased with
increasing the radialization dosage. However, the recovery speed decreased with increasing the
radialization dosage at the same temperature of 95°C.
Wear Behaviors of Nano Grained Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Lee Won Sik , Song Keun , Jang Jin Man , Ko Se Hyun , Kim Il Ho
Published: March 2009

Some nano grained Al materials were produced by mechanical milling/alloying followed
by vacuum hot pressing: nano grained pure Al, Al-1.5Mg and Al-0.7Mg-1.0Cu alloys in wt%. The
nano bulk materials had average grain sizes of 90-150 nm and ball-on-disk wear equipment was used
to investigate the effects of grain size comparing to coarse grained pure Al and T6-treated Al 6061
alloy. In comparison of coarse and nano grained pure Al materials, nano grained specimens showed
much higher wear resistance and size of wear debris was very fine as much as 100 nm at applied load
of 100g. Wear in nano grained materials proceeded by micro fracturing mechanism like abrasion in
low applied and sliding velocity and the mechanism resulted in high wear resistance. Nano grained
Al-1.5Mg and Al-0.7Mg-1.0Cu alloys showed much superior wear characteristics due to nano grains
and high hardness. As a result, size of grains was a predominant factor for high resistance at low
applied load and/or sliding velocity, while hardness at higher applied load or velocity.
Investigate of Electrical Conductivity of Shape-Memory Polymer Filled with Carbon Black
Authors: Lan Xin , Leng Jin Song , Liu Yan Ju , Du Shan Yi
Published: March 2009

A new system of thermoset styrene-based shape-memory polymer (SMP) filled with carbon
black (CB) is investigated. To realize the electroactive stimuli of SMP, the electrical conductivity of
SMP filled with various amounts of CB is characterized. The percolation threshold of electrically
conductive SMP filled with CB is about 3% (volume fraction of CB), which is much lower than many
other electrically conductive polymers. When applying a voltage of 30V, the shape recovery process
of SMP/CB(10 vol%) can be realized in about 100s. In addition, the thermomechanical properties are
also characterized by differential scanning calorimetery (DSC).
Small Punch Test of Advanced In Situ Synthesized Ti Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Mak Jonathon , Wuhrer Richard , Heness Greg , Yeung Wing Yiu , Callaghan M. , Wei Tao , Qin J. , Lu W. , Zhang D.
Published: March 2009

Particulate reinforced 10 vol.% (TiB+TiC)/Ti-6Al-4V metal matrix composites (MMCs)
were produced by in-situ synthesis using vacuum arc re-melting process, and the mechanical
properties of the metal matrix composites were assessed by the small punch testing (SPT).
Mechanical properties of the in-situ synthesized Ti MMCs were studied and compared with the Ti
base alloy. From the test data, the fracture properties and equivalent fracture strain of the test
materials were characterised. The fracture mechanism of the test samples was examined using
scanning electron microscopy.
Synthesis of Locally-Ordered Carbon Nanotube Arrays from Patterned Catalyst by Self-Assembly Technique
Authors: Zou Xiao Ping
Published: March 2009

Site-selective growth of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) from an iron oxide
nanoparticle catalyst patterned by drying-mediated self-assembly technique is present. The ethanol
solution of the iron nitrate was employed as catalyst precursor. The silicon wafer was mounted
catalyst precursor by dip-coating. After solvent evaporation at room temperature, the catalyst
pattern formed. The catalyst pattern was subjected to chemical vapor deposition of ethanol vapor
after oxidation of iron nitrate. The patterned array of MWCNTs was obtained with a dot size of
around 5 (m and the distance between dots of about 25 (m. The locally-ordered patterns of
MWCNTs were found. The present method offers a simple and cost-effective method to grow
carbon nanotubes with self-assembled patterns.
A Kinetic Study on the Electrodeposition of Ni-Cr Alloy on Copper for Embedded Resister Layer in PCB
Authors: Son Seong Ho , Chung Do Won , Kwon Dae Chol , Lee Hong Kee
Published: March 2009

The thin film resistors such as Ni-Cr alloy could be formed by the electrodeposition
method for embedded passive device in printed circuit board. A kinetic study on the electrodeposition
of nickel-chromium alloy on copper has been performed using a rotating disk geometry. Activation
energies of nickel and chromium in the temperature range between 15°C and 35°C were 8.9kcal/mole
and 3.5kcal/mole, respectively. The electrodeposition rate of nickel seems to be controlled partly by
electrochemical reaction and partly by mass transport, namely mixed controlled. However, that of
chromium seems to be controlled by mass transport. As the amount of chromium in deposit increased,
the electric resistance of deposit surface increased. The maximum electric resistance of
nickel-chromium alloy deposit was 78.6Ω /□.
Characteristics of Silver Electrodeposition Solution and Silver Film Fabricated by Electrodeposition with Additives for Interconnection
Authors: Son Seong Ho , Kwon Dae Chol , Lee Hong Kee
Published: March 2009

As the electrodeposition reaction is a heterogeneous reaction including both material
transfer and electrochemical reaction, this study tries to find out the reaction mechanism about Ag
electrodepostion used as semiconductor interconnection using rotating disk electrode system (RDE
system). Considering the environmental problem, non-cyanide Ag electrodeposition solution has
been carried out. With varying the process conditions of a certain range including the rotating speed
of RDE, applied voltage, and temperature etc., obtained the electrodeposition rate of Ag according
to the reaction time. The rate determining step was clarified with the activation energy(Ea) of the
electrodeposition reactions for the each process conditions estimated from Arrhenius Plot.
Activation energy of Ag in the temperature range between 18°C and 32°C was 3.2kcal/mole. The
electrodeposition rate of Ag seems to be controlled mass transport. With the electrodepositon
solution mentioned above, the characteristics of silver thin film and bottom-up filling capability
were investigated by DC or pulsed electrodeposition method. Especially, the effects of additives on
the properties of bottom-up filling of Ag were studied.
Self-Protection Multi-Ring-Architecture Fiber Sensing System
Authors: Wang C.H. , Yeh C.H. , Shih F.Y. , Chow C.W. , Hsu K.C. , Lai Y. , Chi S.
Published: March 2009

In this investigation, we propose and experimentally investigate a simply self-restored
ring-based fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based sensor system. This proposed multi-ring passive sensing
architecture is without any active components in the entire network. In this experiment, the network
survivability and capacity for the multi-point sensor systems are also enhanced. Besides, the tunable
laser source (TLS) is adopted in central office (CO) for FBG sensing. The survivability of a
eight-point FBG sensor is examined and analyzed. Due to the passive sensor network, the
cost-effective and intelligent sensing system is entirely centralized by CO. As a result, the
experimental results show that the proposed system can assist the reliable FBG sensing network for a
large-scale and multi-point architecture.
The Fabrication of Nanoporous Hydroxyapatite Ceramics
Authors: Ruksudjarit A. , Pengpat Kamonpan , Rujijanagul Gobwute , Tunkasiri Tawee
Published: March 2009

Nanoporous hydroxyapatite ceramic was simply fabricated from nano hydroxyapatite
powder and polyvinyl alcohol (as a pore former). The vibro-milling method was used to produce the
nano hydroxyapatite composite powder. The powder was then sintered at 1200°C for 3 h. It was
found that average porosity of the final product of 64.6±1.4% could be achieved. Open and
interconnected pores were obtained with average pore size of less than 100 nm, indicating a
nanostructure occurring in the ceramic. In addition, the bending strength of the nanoporous ceramic
was measured to be 14.7±3.2 MPa which is practically high for bone repairing applications.
Carbon Nanotube Composites for Vibration Damping
Authors: Dai R.L. , Liao W.H.
Published: March 2009

It has been found that the composites of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and epoxy resin could
greatly enhance damping ability while the stiffness is kept high. In this paper, carbon nanotube
enhanced epoxy resin is fabricated. A testing apparatus for obtaining composite dynamic properties is
set up. In particular, the loss factors are measured. Experimental results show that CNT additive can
provide the composite with several times higher damping as compared with pure epoxy. A finite
element model is built to simulate the composite damping. CNT diameter and segment length are
investigated using the developed model. Results show that composite damping is insensitive to CNT
segment length while the effect of CNT diameter on composite damping is significant.
Monitoring Vibrating Structures Using PZT Impedance Transducers
Authors: Miao Ai Wei , Yang Yao Wen
Published: March 2009

Electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique using lead zirconate titanate (PZT)
transducers has been increasingly applied to structural health monitoring (SHM) of aerospace, civil
and mechanical structures. The PZT transducers are usually surface bonded to or embedded in a
structure and subjected to actuation so as to interrogate the structure at the desired frequency range.
The interrogation results in the electromechanical admittance (inverse of EMI) signatures which can
be used to estimate the structural health or integrity according to the changes of the signatures. In
the existing EMI method, the monitored structure is only excited by the PZT transducers for the
interrogating of EMI signature, while the vibration of the structure caused by the external
excitations other than the PZT actuation is not considered. However, in real situation many
structures work under vibrations. To monitor such structures, issues related to the effects of
vibration on the EMI signature need to be addressed because these effects may lead to
misinterpretation of the structural health. This paper develops an EMI model for beam structures,
which takes into account the effect of beam vibration caused by the external excitations. An
experimental study is carried out to verify the theoretical model. A Lab sized specimen with
external excitation is tested and the effect of excitation on EMI signature is discussed.
Nonlinear Model on Torsional Behaviors of CFRP Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Raongjant Werasak , Jing Meng
Published: March 2009

In this paper, a reasonable three dimensional finite element beam model was developed
to predict the mechanical behaviors of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthened RC
box beam under combined bending, shear and torque. The comparison of calculated results with the
experiment results of torque-twist relationship, the strain developments in steels and CFRP strips
and the force of non-linear string element indicates that the finite element method presented in this
study can simulate the behavior of beams well.
Pseudoelastic Behavior of Cu–Al–Be Shape Memory Wires Subjected to Varied Loading and Unloading Cycles
Authors: Lu Sheng , Chen Jing , Chen Liu Qiao
Published: March 2009

Cyclic loading and unloading tensile tests were carried out for Cu-11.30wt. %Al-0.32wt. %
Be Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) wires to investigate the effect of temperature and cyclic condition on
the pseudoelastic behavior. It is shown that σc increases with the isothermal external temperature in
single cycle tests and loading stress in constant stress increment tests while tends to a stable level
after the 1st cycle in constant maximum strain tests. Both modes of loading and unloading improve
the pseudoelasticity obviously.
Precise Quantitative Evaluation of Nano-Ordered Intermetallic Compounds in Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu Lead-Free Solder Bump by Using TEM
Authors: Lee Chang Woo , Shin Y.S. , Kim J.H.
Published: March 2009

The growth behaviour of the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in Pb-free solder
bump is investigated. The Pb-free micro-bump, Sn-50%Bi, was fabricated by binary electroplating
for flip-chip bond. The diameter of the bump is about 506m and the height is about 60 6m. In order
to increase the reliability of the bonding, it is necessary to protect the growth of the IMCs in
interface between Cu pad and the solder bump. For control of IMCs growth, SiC particles were
distributed in the micro-solder bump during electroplating. The thickness of the IMCs in the
interface was estimated by FE-SEM, EDS, XRF and TEM. From the results, The IMCs were found
as Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn. The thickness of the IMCs decreases with increase the amount of SiC
particles until 4 g/cm2. The one candidate of the reasons is that the SiC particles could decrease the
area which be reacted between the solder and Cu layer. And another candidate is that the particle
can make to difficult inter-diffusion within the interface.
Influence of Carbon Sources and Catalytic Precursors on the Products Prepared by Catalytic Combustion
Authors: Wang Mao Fa , Zou Xiao Ping , Cheng Jin , Zhu Guang , Su Yi
Published: March 2009

It is very important to study the effects of various factors on synthesis of carbon
nanofibers for controlled synthesis, which plays a significant role in realizing desired nanostructures
or nanodevices for applications. In this report, we employed different carbon source and different
catalyst precursor solution, respectively, and studied the effects of those on carbon nanofibers that
were synthesized by catalytic combustion process. We have characterized the as-grown carbon
nanofibers by employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for deep understanding.
Porous Barium Strontium Titanate-Titania Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Zhang Guo Ge , Huang Hai Tao , Chan Helen Lai Wah , Zhou Li Min
Published: March 2009

Porous barium strontium titanate−titania (BST−TiO2) nanocomposite was developed by
the combination of electrochemical anodization and hydrothermal synthesis. Self organized titania
nanotube arrays were first fabricated by electrochemical anodization of titanium foil in 0.2 wt.% HF.
The as-anodized titania was then used as a template and was subject to a hydrothermal treatment in
the solution mixture of barium hydroxide and strontium hydroxide with different molar ratios. Well
crystallized barium strontium titanate was developed directly from the titania nanotubes. Annealing
was carried out to transform residual amorphous titania to crystallized anatase, resulting in the porous
BST−TiO2 nanocomposite. The surface morphology and structure of the nanocomposite were
characterized. The photoelectrochemical response of the BST−TiO2 composite was investigated and
the photocatalytic property was evaluated through the photo-decomposition of an organic dye
solution. The effect of hydrothermal parameters on the surface morphology and the photocatalytic
activity of the nanocomposite was studied.
Development of Novel Environment-Friendly Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Lee Jin Kyu , Kim Shae K.
Published: March 2009

Novel environment-friendly magnesium alloys have been developed by alkaline earth
metal oxides addition without increasing cost and damaging process-ability. They can establish
simultaneously ① cleaner processing routes with reduced or without SF6 gas, ② melt cleanliness in
furnace and during transfer and pouring, ③ improved process abilities of casting, forming, welding
and powder metallurgy such as fluidity, hot tearing susceptibility, inclusion and eutectic phase, ④ cost
reduction with low-cost elements as well as by reducing or eliminating high-cost protective gas like
SF6 gas, ⑤ original process abilities, ⑥ improved mechanical properties by grain refinement and
internal soundness, ⑦ improved welding performance and joint properties, ⑧ safety during
applications by improving oxidation and flame resistance and ⑨ improved remelting and recycling
abilities. CaO, one of alkaline earth metal oxides, added Mg alloys can be well manufactured by
conventional melting and casting without protective gas. This paper will discuss the effect of CaO on
optimum protective gas usage, oxidation resistance and flame behavior of magnesium alloys.
Microstructures and Oxygen Reduction of Recycled TiH2 Powders during Sintering
Authors: Jang Jin Man , Lee Won Sik , Ko Se Hyun , Kim Il Ho , Son Seong Ho , Jung Do Won
Published: March 2009

Using commercial Ti powders and recycled TiH2 powders made from titanium turning
chips, the effects of hydrogen on microstructures and oxygen reduction were investigated. Each
powder was hot-pressed at 750oC and 1100oC, which are below and above β-transition temperature
(880oC), respectively. The TiH2 and Ti samples of sintered at 1100oC showed equiaxed α phase.
However, TiH2 sample sintered at 750oC consist of primary α phase, secondary α phase and titanium
hydride (TiH2), though Ti sample represented single α phase. The formation of complex
microstructure in TiH2 sample sintered at 750oC is due to hydrogen remained after sintering. The
oxygen contents after sintering in TiH2 samples were relatively lower than Ti samples, although those
before sintering were higher than Ti. This result can be explained that hydrogen gas generated from
dehydrogenation of TiH2 leads to the reduction of oxygen contents and protection of re-oxidation
during sintering.
Development of Heat-Resisting Aluminum Alloy Material for Pistons
Authors: Lei Jian , Li Nan , Rao Mu Cheng
Published: March 2009

That the main invalidation of high-powered engine pistons is thermal fatigue failure has
been confirmed through analyzing auto piston invalidation. And a solution has been proposed to use
heat-resisting aluminum alloy material in place of conventional piston material ZL109.
Comparative trials for both materials have been conducted on their mechanical performances at
normal and high temperatures as well as casting properties. The result indicates that they have close
room temperature mechanical performance and casting properties. But at 350°C, high temperature
performance is raised by 30~40 MPa.
Silver Diffusion in La-Si-B-O-M Glass Ceramics Controlled by Interfacial Pitting
Authors: Chang Chih Yuan S. , Wei Wen Cheng J.
Published: March 2009

This work proposes three diffusion models used to simulate the reaction layer produced
from silver electrode, which has been cofired with La-Si-B-O-mullite (LSBM) glass ceramic
composites. In the beginning of the cofiring, the interface connection between Ag electrolyte and
LSBM glass ceramic composites was full matched, and the curve of diffusion pattern fitted one of the
general cases of diffusion model well. However, the interface became gradually and partially
separated during the process of cofiring. As a result, the original concentration of Ag at the surface
could not be maintained, and new diffusion model must be proposed. At a later stage of the
experiment, the gradient of diffusion curve became smooth. The final distribution of Ag
concentration didn’t reflect a general diffusion phenomenon. Total delaminated case and interfacial
pitting case were considered in this research, respectively.
Effects of Al2O3 Nanoparticle on the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Co/Al2O3 Coatings Prepared by Composite Plating
Authors: Wang Sheng Chang , Tseng Chih Hsiung
Published: March 2009

Nanocomposite Co/Al2O3 coatings were fabricated by composite electrodeposition. The
nanosized Al2O3 particles were suspended in aqueous cobalt sulfamate solution and subsequently
co-deposited on a Cu substrate. The samples were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy
and Atomic force microscopy for determination of surface morphology. X-ray diffraction technique
concomitant with Transmission electron microscopy were utilized to identify the phases and
emanation of microstructure while magnetic properties of the Co/Al2O3 nanocomposite coatings
were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometer. The results indicated that, the Al2O3
nanoparticles suspended in the plating solution acquired a positively charge due to the presence of
Co ions. These positively charged Al2O3 particles drift towards the cathode by electrophoresis and
are reduced by Co ions to form the Co/Al2O3 composite film. The Co grains in the films show hcp
structure with (11 2 0) preferred orientation. The grain size and surface roughness of the Co/Al2O3
compositesis found to decrease with increasing Al2O3 volume fraction while the magnetization of
the composite films decreases with increasing concentration of Al2O3 nanoparticles. However the
coercivity of the coatings was found to increase with increasing Al2O3 content. It could be
delineated from the TEM micrographs that the Al2O3 nanoparticles dispersed in the Co matrix
inhibited the grain growth of Co matrix resulting in pinning of the magnetic domains due to which
the coercivity of the composite layers was found to increase.
The Carbon Source Analysis for Diamond Crystal Growth from Fe-C System at High Pressure-High Temperature
Authors: Xu Bin , Li Li , Li Mu Sen , Gao Cai , Guo Ren Hong
Published: March 2009

Despite many studies have been carried, there is no clear understanding of the growth
mechanism involved in the high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) diamond synthesis with
metal catalyst, especially the problem about carbon source. In this paper, the lattice constants of
diamond, graphite and Fe3C at HPHT were calculated with the linear expansion coefficient and elastic
constant. Then based on the empirical electron theory of solids and molecules (EET), the valence
electron structures of them and their common crystal planes were calculated, and the boundary
condition of electron movement in the Thomas-Fermi-Dirac theory modified by Cheng (TFDC) was
applied to analyzing the electron density continuity of the interface. It was found that the relative
electron density differences across graphite/diamond interfaces are great and discontinuous at the first
order of approximation, while the relative electron density differences across Fe3C/diamond
interfaces were continuous. The results show that the carbon atom cluster is easier to decompose from
Fe3C than from graphite and to transform into diamond structure, so the carbon source for diamond
crystal growth may come from the decomposition of Fe3C instead of graphite. Accordingly, the
diamond growth mechanism was analyzed from the viewpoint of valence electron structure.
Crystallization Behavior and Microstructure of B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 Glass-Ceramics
Authors: Xiao Han Ning , Sun Tao , Liu Hua Bin , Cheng Yin
Published: March 2009

The influences of B2O3/SiO2 ratio and different alkali earth metal oxides MO (M= Ba, Mg,
Ca) on the crystallization behavior of B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 (BAS) glass were investigated by means of
DSC, XRD and SEM. With the reduction of B2O3/SiO2 ratio, the crystallization activation energy
increases at first and then decreases, reaching the minimum value of 375.4 kJ·mol-1 when the
B2O3/SiO2 ratio is 2.2. The crystalline indices (n) are all more than 4, which indicates that the glass is
in bulk crystallization. When the glass was heated to 800°C, the primary precipitated crystalline phase
was Al4B2O9. With the increase of temperature up to 1100°C, Al18B4O33 and Al5BO9 appeared and
became the major crystalline phases in BAS glass-ceramics.
Development and Application of High Strength Ultra-Thin Hot-Rolling Steel Sheet
Authors: Tang Xin Min , Zhou Xian Liang , Tang Yong Jin , Yan Jian Wu
Published: March 2009

In this paper, using high tensile strength and yield strength of hot-rolling acid washing
thin steel sheet instead of cold-rolling steel sheet as the vehicle frame is investigated. The high pure
and finer grain steel can be obtained by deep deoxidation technology, deep desulfurization
technology, low nitrogen and microalloy-technology of Boron/Niobium/Titanium. High yield
strength (σs>340 MPa) and high specific elongation hot-rolling thin steel sheet have been produced
in the EAF-CSP short flow product line. The mechanical property, shape, surface quality and
tolerance of steel sheet after hot-rolling can be controlled by optimizing joining-casting-rolling and
controlling-rolling-cooling technology. Based on the forming test, cold-bending test, welding test
and fatigue test results, it can be seen that cold-bending property, forming ability and fatigue
strength of hot-rolling acid washing steel sheet is better and meet the product requirement of vehicle
frame. This investigation can resolve the fracture problems of QUANSHUN vehicle, improve the
working life, provide reliable automobile and reduce the production cost.
Mg65Cu25Gd10 BMG Rod and Ribbon and Composite Synthesized via Spray Forming
Authors: Chang K.F. , Chen F.H. , Fan S.K. , Tsao Chi Y.A.
Published: March 2009

Mg bulk metallic glass rod, ribbon and composite plate were synthesized via injection
casting, melt spinning, and spray forming, respectively. The BMG composite plate has various
microstructure combinations, from fully amorphous phase to mixture of nanocrystals, crystals and
amorphous phase. XRD analyses were done on the rod and ribbon and throughout the vertical
locations of the plates at the maximum thickness. Glass transition temperature (Tg) and onset
crystallization temperature (Tx) were measured with DSC, and GFA (Glass Forming Ability) was
estimated with various GFA models. The microhardness of the spray-formed Mg-Cu-Gd layered
composite plate at various positions and Mg-Cu-Gd rod and ribbon were measured.
The Crystal Structure and Mechanical Property of AZ80-2%Li Mg Alloy
Authors: Wang P.C. , Lin Chung Chieh , Huang T.Y. , Lin H.C. , Yeh M.T. , Lin K.M.
Published: March 2009

In this study, the crystal structure and mechanical property of AZ80-2%Li Mg alloy are
investigated. Experimental results show that the density of AZ80 Mg alloy can be reduced to be 1.71
g/cm3 by addition of 2wt% Li. The as-extruded AZ80-2%Li Mg alloy exhibits a two-phase
microstructure of α and β phases, with fine strips along the extrusion direction. The fracture strain
increases significantly with increasing deformation temperature, and the tensile strengths hardly
change at below 100oC. The tensile strength increases, but fracture strain decreases, with increasing
strain rate. The 400°C solid-solution treated AZ80-2%Li Mg alloy will produce the AlLi precipitate
after aging at 170°C, and produce the Mg17Al12 precipitate after aging at 250°C. The AZ80-2%Li Mg
alloy with aging at both 170°C and 250°C will exhibit the phenomenon of precipitation hardening.
A New Method of Fabricating the Anode Powder for the Application of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Tien Wei Hsin , Lian Shuang Shii , Li Chia Ying , Shong Wei Ja , Lee Ruey Yi
Published: March 2009

This paper presents the development of anode substrates of solid oxide fuel cells
(SOFCs), prepared by rotating electrode powder-making equipment to improve the efficiency of
cells and the coking issue that appears in traditional Ni-YSZ composite anodes when operated with
hydrocarbon fuel.
Combining the advantage of good electronic conductivity, leading less carbon residue of copper
and high temperature oxidation resistance of Cr or Ni, the anode substrate is designed with Cu-Ni
and Cu-Cr alloys so that the cells are able to work within the service temperature of 800-1000 C.
To optimize the properties of conductivity, less carbon deposition and heat resistance, this
research has invented substrates of copper-based dual metal composite alloys which are different
from ordinary anode cermet powder made of nickel-ceramic composites. This new anode powder of
dual metal alloys is made by rotating electrode powder-making equipment, with the powders being
sintered to porous substrates. Experimental results show that the substrate has a good porosity and
an electrical conductivity.
Influence of Contacting Pressure on Current Stability and Tribological Properties of CPMM Collector Materials against Cu/Cr Alloy under High Sliding Speed with Electric Current
Authors: Li Jian , Zhang Yong Zhen , Li Peng , Shangguan Bao , Du San Ming
Published: March 2009

Dry sliding tests with electric current were carried out on a pin-on-disc system tribometer
in this study, where copper-base powder metallurgy material and copper alloy QCr0.5 were used as
the pin and the disc respectively. The researches were aimed at exploring relation between
tribological properties and current stability of the couple under different loads. The results indicate
that the current stability and friction coefficient increases with current and load. Moreover, co-effect
between the current stability and tribological behavior has been found, which behaves in the way that
the higher the current stability, the higher dynamic current collection capability and tribological
properties.
Effect of Stress Relaxation on Quenched NiFeAl Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Kanth Rajini B. , Mukhopadhyay P.K. , Kaul S.N.
Published: March 2009

In this paper, we report on the effect of stress on the mechanical relaxation in the
quenched Ni55Fe20Al25 Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy (FSMA). The sound velocity and
internal friction measurements were carried out using a vibrating reed setup. The results of such
measurements on this system with varying stress amplitudes are presented. The present study
provides a new insight into the stress amplitude and temperature dependence of the damping
process and their bearing on the structural changes in the FSMAs.
A Charge Compton Profile Study of Ni2MnGa: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Ahmed G. , Ahuja B.L. , Heda N.L. , Sharma Vinit , Rathor A. , Sharma B.K. , Itou M. , Sakurai Y. , Banik Soma
Published: March 2009

We present the first ever theoretical and experimental charge Compton profiles of Ni2MnGa
Heusler alloy. The measurements have been made using magnetic Compton spectrometer at
SPring8, Japan. The Compton profiles and energy bands have been computed using Hartree-Fock,
density functional theory with local density and generalized gradient approximations. It is seen that
the Hartree-Fock based Compton profile is relatively in better agreement with the experimental
profiles. In addition, we also report the energy bands, density of states and valence charge densities
using full potential linearized augmented plane-wave method.
Magnetic Investigations on Ni-Mn-Sn Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Chatterjee Subham , Giri S. , De S.K. , Majumdar S.
Published: March 2009

Ferromagnetic shape memory alloy of nominal composition Ni50Mn35Sn15 has been
investigated by magnetic and transport measurements. Clear signature of first order martensitic
transition is observed over a region around 180 K in resistivity, dc magnetization and ac
susceptibility data. Field-cooled and zero-field-cooled magnetizations diverge below the martensitic
transition, signifying magneto-thermal irreversibility originating from pinning by variants. The
sample shows large negative magneto-resistance (-25% at 90 kOe) in the region of martensitic
transition, which was found to be highly irreversible. A clear correspondence between magnetoresistance
and dc magnetization is observed above the field of technical saturation.
Influence of Annealing Temperature on the Properties of Co-Ni-Ga Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Sarma Sidananda , Srinivasan A.
Published: March 2009

Polycrystalline ingot of Co47Ni23Ga30 alloy was prepared by arc melting constituent
elemental powders under argon atmosphere. The alloy ingot was then vacuum sealed in a fused
silica ampoule, homogenized at 1230 °C for 24 hours and quenched in liquid nitrogen. X-Ray
diffraction patterns of the as-quenched samples revealed single-phase tetragonal structure. The
quenched alloy was then separately annealed at 900 °C, 1000
°C and 1150
°C for 6 hours and
subsequently quenched in ice water. The alloys annealed at 1150 °C and 1230 °C exhibited a singlephase
martensite structure (β′-phase) at room temperature, whereas, presence of a face centred cubic
(γ) phase along with the martensite phase was observed in alloy pieces annealed at 900 °C and 1000
0C, respectively. The martensite-austenite structural phase change in this alloy was observed using a
Differential Scanning Calorimeter. It was found that the martensite-austenite and austenitemartensite
transition temperatures (As, Af, Ms and Mf) shifted to higher temperatures when the
annealing temperature was increased. The Curie temperature shifted towards lower temperatures as
the percentage of γ-phase increased in the alloy. The saturation magnetization did not show any
appreciable change when the annealing temperature was changed. Presence of the additional γ-
phase in the alloy annealed below 1150 °C was confirmed by Optical Microscopy and Scanning
Electron Microscopy analysis. The influence of the annealing temperature on the properties of this
ferromagnetic shape memory alloy composition is discussed in the paper.
Friction-Based In Situ Endpoint Detection of Copper CMP Process
Authors: Xu Chi , Guo Dong Ming , Kang Ren Ke , Jin Zhu Ji , Huo Feng Wei
Published: March 2009

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has been extensively used in the integrate circuit
(IC) manufacturing industry as a widely accepted global planarization technology, accurate in situ
endpoint detection of CMP process can reduce the product variance, significantly improve yield and
throughput. A CMP in situ endpoint detection system, which measured the friction and downforce
during CMP process using a specially designed three-axis strain gauge force sensor, was developed.
The frictional transition from copper (Cu) to tantalum (Ta) barrier as well as Ta barrier to silicon
dioxide (SiO2) dielectric was detected during CMP process. The experimental results showed that
the change of friction could be detected when the polished material changed. The developed CMP in
situ endpoint detection system is feasible for 300 mm and 450 mm copper CMP process.
Surface Lapping by Semi-Bonded Abrasive Grinding Plate for Copper Substrates of Amorphous Ni-Pd-P Alloy Films
Authors: Yuan Ju Long , Tao Li , Wang Zhi Wei , Deng Qian Fa , Chen Feng , Zhao Ping
Published: March 2009

The amorphous Ni-Pd-P alloy films with superior property have good heat conductivity
and wear performance. They are widely used in the protecting coating. Copper has been chosen to
be a substrate material of the produce of amorphous Ni-Pd-P alloy films with its unique electrical
properties. The precision lapping technology for the copper substrate using semi-bonded abrasive
grinding plate is studied in this paper. The influences of the different lapping parameters on the
surface roughness, material removal rate on copper substrate surface formation in the precision
lapping process are both discussed. Experimental results indicate that the copper substrate can be
efficiently processed by 800# SiC semi-bonded abrasive grinding plate of, and the initial roughness
of a machined surface could be improved from 0.553μm Ra to 0.28μm in 10min, yielding a ideal
rarely scratch surface.
Experimental Validation of the ‘Trap’ Effect of the Semibonded Abrasive Grinding Plate
Authors: Yuan Ju Long , Yu Dong Qiang , Wang Zhi Wei , Yang Yi , Qian Miao , Lv Bing Hai
Published: March 2009

The semibonded abrasive machining technique is expected to get high surface integrity and
processing efficiency attributed to the „trap‟ effect which can reduce or even eliminate the surface
damage induced by the larger particles. The goal of the work is to validate the „trap‟ effect by the
experiments of semibonded and loose abrasive machining under the conditions of adding and not
adding the larger particles. Free surface damage monocrystal silicon wafers after polishing are
adopted as workpieces, and 1000# SiC as abrasive particles while 180# SiC as the larger particles.
The cast iron plate is used as grinding plate in the loose abrasive machining and different bond
concentration semibonded abrasive grinding plate SSB-1 and SSB-2 are used as grinding plates in
semibonded abrasive machining. The roughness Rv and SEM photos of workpieces surface are
tested to evaluate the extent of „trap‟ effect. The result shows that the semibonded abrasive grinding
plate has the „trap‟ effect. The shore hardness value of the semibonded abrasive grinding plate can
be used to be one parameter to evaluate the degree of the ‟trap‟ effect of the semibonded abrasive
grinding plate.
Study on the Database about Floating Polishing Technological Parameters
Authors: Xu Xiao Cun , Zheng Wen Bing , Jiang Bin , Yang Shu Cai
Published: March 2009

Polishing is usually the last working procedure of making die surface. The roughness of die
surface affects using performance of die directly; therefore, surface roughness is a key factor to scale
quality of die surface. The paper focuses on affecting factors of polishing surface roughness,
including the rotation speed of polishing head, floating force on polishing head, pass of polishing
head movement, feeding rate of polishing head, and size of abrasive particles. Then, establish the
parameters database in order to select appropriate technological parameters expediently. These results
are used as operating guides for applications of die polisher.
Experimental Research on the Cooling Effects of a New High Efficiency Green Cooling Method
Authors: An Qing Long , Fu Yu Can , Xu Jiu Hua
Published: March 2009

With more attention paying to the environment, green manufacturing (GM) has become
inevitable trends in 21st century. Green cooling technology as one branch of GM always was one
research hotspot in manufacturing. In this paper, a new high efficiency cooling technology based on
GM is proposed, called as CPMJ. In this technology, a little quantity of 0 °C water is carried by high
pressure cryogenic air (–20 °C) and reaches the grinding zone in the form of high speed mist jet to
enhance heat transfer and gain the best cooling effect. Heat transfer experiments and grinding
experiments were carried out to evaluate the cooling effects of CPMJ. Experimental results indicated
that CPMJ can offer better cooling effects compared with cold air jet and flood cooling method.
Grinding temperature was effectively reduced during grinding of titanium alloys with CPMJ.
Surface Integrity and Fatigue Property of a High Speed Milled Titanium Alloy
Authors: Geng Guo Sheng , Xu Jiu Hua
Published: March 2009

Surface integrity has a great effect on the fatigue property of titanium alloy. The surface
integrity and fatigue property of a high speed milled Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V (TA15) titanium alloy
were investigated in this research. The main objective of this paper is to study the influence of milling
speed on the surface integraty and fatigue property of the machined part. The surface roughness, work
hardening, metallurgical structure and residual stress of the machined surface were studied in a
cutting speed range of from 50m/min to 300m/min. To verify the relationship between cutting speed
and the surface integrity of machined surface, the fatigue property of titanium alloy specimens milled
at four different cutting speeds ranging from 50 to 200m/min were compared at two stress levels. This
research shows that the cutting speed has little effect on the work hardening, metallurgical structure
and residual stress, but the surface roughness decreases with the increasing cutting speed. Therefore,
increasing milling speed has a positive effect on the surface integrity and fatigue property of the
machined surface.
Cone-Shaped Hard Carbon Films Grown by Inductively Coupled RF Plasma with RF or DC Bias Voltage
Authors: Zhang G.F. , Ren N. , Ren Y. , Hou X.D. , Buck Volker
Published: March 2009

A simple method capable of producing uniform, large-area cone arrays of carbon films
was found in a planar inductively coupled RF plasma source. The technique employs a DC or RF
bias to substrate holder. Si substrates were mechanically pretreated using diamond paste.
Cone-shaped carbon crystals preferentially nucleate and grow on the scratches using relatively low
bias. Variation of the depositing conditions enables control of the cone density, geometry, and
height. The cone arrays are believed to can significantly improve the field emission properties and
have a tempting perspective in the microelectromechanical system (MEMS).
2D Simulation of the Gas-Solid Two Phase Flow inside the Abrasive Jet (AJ) Nozzle
Authors: Hou Rong Guo , Huang Chuan Zhen , Feng Y.S. , Liu Y.Y.
Published: March 2009

The simulation of the gas-solid two phase flow inside the abrasive jet nozzle is studied by
the computed dynamic software (CFD)-FLUENT, the velocity field of the two phase flow and the
trajectory of the abrasive inside the nozzle are obtained. The Eulerian multiphase model and the
DPM model have been used to compute the two-phase flow field. The simulation results express
that the velocity of the jet is slow at the inlet, while it will be increased with the area of the section
decreasing, the cone angle of the nozzle affects the flow field very much, the flow has low
turbulence and the gradient of the velocity is small when the cone angle is small, while the velocity
of the flow increased rapidly and the gradient of the velocity is big when the cone angle increasing.
The simulation results also express that the arc radius affects the flow field greatly, the flow will
move more smoothly when the arc radius is large. The pressure field of the wall expresses that the
nozzle will wear rapidly at the corner of the nozzle, the reason is that the pressure is big or changed
greatly, the fatigue wear and the blast wear will happen at those place.
Temperature Dependence and Effect on Surface Roughness in Abrasive Flow Machining
Authors: Song Gui Zhen , Li Yuan Zong , Ya Gang
Published: March 2009

In this paper we discuss the temperature dependence and its effect on surface roughness.
In abrasive flow machining (AFM) process the temperature of media rises drastically due to
procedure of being sheared. To examine the effect of media temperature on surface roughness, an
experiment system with the functions of controlling, measuring and recording temperature is set up.
The variable trend of media temperature is revealed during AFM. Experiments are performed at
different temperatures. Experimental results show that the media at high temperature results in less
improvement in surface roughness. Therefore the media can have good machining performance in
the first few cycles and the media temperature rise rapidly. Finally we conclude that the best
workable temperature should be below 25 °C during the AFM.
A Study on Abrasion-Assisted Electrodeposition of Bright Nickel
Authors: Li X.L. , Zhu Di , Zhu Z.W. , Yu Sheng Dong
Published: March 2009

A novel abrasion-assisted electroforming technique with the orbital motion of cathode is
developed. The related theories are studied and experiments of nickel electroforming are carried out.
It is confirmed that the hard particles can effectively remove the hydrogen bubbles and nodules by
polishing the mandrel surface. A bright, smooth and compact deposit with the average surface
roughness of about 0.12m is produced on a polyhedral mandrel.
Computer Simulation on Centrifugal Barrel Surface Finishing Based on Discrete Element Method
Authors: Song C.H. , Yang Shi Chun , Wang J.M. , Zhang Y.Q.
Published: March 2009

According to the motion features of abrasive particles and workpieces in centrifugal roller,
considering the abrasive particles and workpieces as two kinds of ball particles with different
materials and sizes, 3-Dimensional Discrete Element Method (DEM) was used to build the dynamics
model of single abrasive particles and workpieces motion. Based on such model, in this paper, the
influence of rotation-revolution ratio on medium movement was mainly analyzed. Supposing filling
ratio as 20%, mixing ratio as 1.5:1 and revolution speed as 180r/min, the movement procedure of
medium within centrifugal roller was respectively simulated under the different cases of
rotation-revolution ratio as -0.13, -1 and -2, then the velocity variation diagram and the average
contact forces diagram for abrasive particles or workpieces under different rotation-revolution ratio
were obtained, the simulation results are basically coincident to the experimental results. Both results
have proved that rotation-revolution ratio is the main parameter that changes medium motion law,
which provides a very efficient way to further optimize design parameters and process parameters, as
well as to improve production efficiency.
Material Removal Mechanism in Vibration-Assisted Magnetic Abrasive Finishing
Authors: Yin Shao Hui , Wang Yu , Shinmura Takeo , Zhu Yong Jian , Chen Feng Jun
Published: March 2009

This paper proposed a viewpoint to explain why vibration assistance may increase material
removal rate (MRR) in vibration-assisted magnetic abrasive finishing process. A series of
experiments on vibration-assisted finishing have been carried out. On the basis of these experiments,
the finishing characteristics are represented summarily. It was shown that the increase in material rate
is mainly due to an increase in material removal per unit working distance.