bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pentacycloundecylamines and Triquinylamines as Voltage‐Gated Calcium Channel Blockers
Authors: Young Lois‐May , Geldenhuys Werner J. , Domingo Olwen C. , Malan Sarel F. , Van der Schyf Cornelis J.
Published: February 2016

Preclinical studies for neurodegenerative diseases have shown a multi‐targeted approach to be successful in the treatment of these complex disorders with several pathoetiological pathways. Polycyclic compounds, such as NGP1‐01 (7a), have demonstrated the ability to target multiple mechanisms of the complex etiology and are referred to as multifunctional compounds. These compounds have served as scaffolds with the ability to attenuate Ca2+ overload and excitotoxicity through several pathways. In this study, our focus was on mitigating Ca2+ overload through the L‐type calcium channels (LTCC). Here, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of several novel polycyclic compounds. We determined the IC50 values for both the pentacycloundecylamines and the triquinylamines by means of a high‐throughput fluorescence calcium flux assay utilizing Fura‐2/AM. The potential of these compounds to offer protection against hydrogen peroxide‐induced cell death was also evaluated. Overall, 8‐benzylamino‐8,11‐oxapentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]undecane (NGP1‐01, 7a) had the most favorable pharmacological profile with an IC50 value of 86 µM for LTCC inhibition and significant reduction of hydrogen peroxide‐induced cell death. In general, the triquinylamines were more active as LTCC blockers than the oxa‐pentacycloundecylamines. The aza‐pentacycloundecylamines were potent LTCC inhibitors, with 8‐hydroxy‐N‐phenylethyl‐8,11‐azapentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]undecane (8b) also able to offer significant protection in the cell viability assays.
Replication of Associations of Genetic Loci Outside the HLA Region With Susceptibility to Anti–Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide–Negative Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Viatte Sebastien , Massey Jonathan , Bowes John , Duffus Kate ,   arcOGEN Consortium, Eyre Stephen , Barton Anne , Worthington Jane
Published: February 2016

Objective

Genetic polymorphisms within the HLA region explain only a modest proportion of anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP)–negative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) heritability. However, few non‐HLA markers have been identified so far. This study was undertaken to replicate the associations of anti‐CCP–negative RA with non‐HLA genetic polymorphisms demonstrated in a previous study.

Methods

The Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium International densely genotyped 186 autoimmune‐related regions in 3,339 anti‐CCP–negative RA patients and 15,870 controls across 6 different populations using the Illumina ImmunoChip array. We performed a case–control replication study of the anti‐CCP–negative markers with the strongest associations in that discovery study, in an independent cohort of anti‐CCP–negative UK RA patients. Individuals from the arcOGEN Consortium and Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium were used as controls. Genotyping in cases was performed using Sequenom MassArray technology. Genome‐wide data from controls were imputed using the 1000 Genomes Phase I integrated variant call set release version 3 as a reference panel.

Results

After genotyping and imputation quality control procedures, data were available for 15 non‐HLA single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in 1,024 cases and 6,348 controls. We confirmed the known markers ANKRD55 (meta‐analysis odds ratio [OR] 0.80; P = 2.8 × 10−13) and BLK (OR 1.13; P = 7.0 × 10−6) and identified new and specific markers of anti‐CCP–negative RA (prolactin [PRL] [OR 1.13; P = 2.1 × 10−6] and NFIA [OR 0.85; P = 2.5 × 10−6]). Neither of these loci is associated with other common, complex autoimmune diseases.

Conclusion

Anti‐CCP–negative RA and anti‐CCP–positive RA are genetically different disease subsets that only partially share susceptibility factors. Genetic polymorphisms located near the PRL and NFIA genes represent examples of genetic susceptibility factors specific for anti‐CCP–negative RA.
Interleukin‐9 Overexpression and Th9 Polarization Characterize the Inflamed Gut, the Synovial Tissue, and the Peripheral Blood of Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Ciccia Francesco , Guggino Giuliana , Ferrante Angelo , Raimondo Stefania , Bignone Rodolfo , Rodolico Vito , Peralta Sergio , Van Tok Melissa , Cannizzaro Alessandra , Schinocca Claudia , Ruscitti Piero , Cipriani Paola , Giacomelli Roberto , Alessandro Riccardo , Dieli Francesco , Rizzo Aroldo , Baeten Dominique , Triolo Giovanni
Published: February 2016

Objective

To investigate the expression and tissue distribution of Th9‐related cytokines in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods

Quantitative gene expression analysis of Th1, Th17, and Th9 cytokines was performed in intestinal biopsy samples obtained from patients with PsA, HLA−B27−positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), patients with Crohn's disease (CD), and healthy controls. Expression and tissue distribution of interleukin‐23 (IL‐23), IL‐17, IL‐22, IL‐9, and IL‐9 receptor (IL‐9R) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. Flow cytometry was used to study the frequency of Th9 cells among peripheral blood, lamina propria, and synovial fluid mononuclear cells. The functional relevance of IL‐9R expression on epithelial cells was assessed in functional in vitro studies. Th9 cells in synovial tissue from patients with PsA were also studied.

Results

Subclinical gut inflammation in PsA patients was characterized by a clear Th17 and Th22, but not Th1, polarized immune response. Unlike AS and CD, a strong and significant up‐regulation of IL‐9 was observed in PsA gut, especially among infiltrating mononuclear cells, high endothelial venules, and Paneth cells. IL‐9−positive mononuclear cells were demonstrated to be in large part Th9 cells. IL‐9 overexpression was accompanied by significant Paneth cell hyperplasia. Paneth cells strongly overexpressed IL‐9R, and stimulation of epithelial cells, isolated from PsA patients, with IL‐9 resulted in overexpression of α‐defensin 5 and IL‐23p19. Peripheral and synovial expansion of α4β7+ Th9 cells was also observed in patients with PsA. Increased expression of IL‐9 and IL‐9R was also found in synovial tissue.

Conclusion

Strong IL‐9/Th9 polarization seems to be the predominant immunologic signature in patients in PsA.
Caution! Warnings as a Useless Countermeasure to Reduce Overconfidence? An Experimental Evaluation in Light of Enhanced and Dynamic Warning Designs
Authors: Schall Dominik L. , Doll Dominik , Mohnen Alwine
Published: February 2016

People often display excessive overconfidence when providing interval estimates, which biases decision‐making. Research has investigated the various measures to effectively reduce overconfidence, and the use of warnings has subsequently been considered to have a negligible reduction effect. We demonstrate with two separate experiments that the impact of warnings has to be reviewed in light of dynamic warning designs and cognitive warning process models. In experiment 1, in contrast to previous studies that only used unstructured warnings, we implement a warning incorporating some core elements of a structured warning design based on research in the fields of human factors and ergonomics. Furthermore, accounting for recent developments in the warning literature, we distinguish between static and dynamic warning design. In experiment 2, we examine the effectiveness of different elements of dynamic warnings. We show that a significantly higher reduction of overconfidence can be achieved by combining a structured warning content with a dynamic stimulus change to increase the warning's noticeability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tissue repair in myxobacteria: A cooperative strategy to heal cellular damage
Authors: Vassallo Christopher N. , Wall Daniel
Published: February 2016

Damage repair is a fundamental requirement of all life as organisms find themselves in challenging and fluctuating environments. In particular, damage to the barrier between an organism and its environment (e.g. skin, plasma membrane, bacterial cell envelope) is frequent because these organs/organelles directly interact with the external world. Here, we discuss the general strategies that bacteria use to cope with damage to their cell envelope and their repair limits. We then describe a novel damage‐coping mechanism used by multicellular myxobacteria. We propose that cell‐cell transfer of membrane material within a population serves as a wound‐healing strategy and provide evidence for its utility. We suggest that – similar to how tissues in eukaryotes have evolved cooperative methods of damage repair – so too have some bacteria that live a multicellular lifestyle.
Influence of complications following immediate breast reconstruction on breast cancer recurrence rates
Authors: Beecher S M , O'Leary D P , McLaughlin R , Sweeney K J , Kerin M J
Published: February 2016

Background

The rate of immediate breast reconstruction is rising. Postoperative infections are more frequent in patients who undergo reconstruction. The inflammatory response to a postoperative infection can increase the risk of tumour recurrence in other forms of cancer through the release of proinflammatory mediators. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between complications and breast cancer recurrence in patients undergoing immediate reconstruction.

Methods

This was a review of a prospectively maintained database of all patients who had immediate breast reconstruction between 2004 and 2009 at Galway University Hospital, a tertiary breast cancer referral centre serving the west of Ireland. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Outcomes assessed included the development of wound complications and breast cancer recurrence. The data were evaluated by univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis.

Results

A total of 229 patients who underwent immediate reconstruction were identified. The overall 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 85·6 per cent. Fifty-three patients (23·1 per cent) had wound complications, of whom 44 (19·2 per cent) developed a wound infection. There was a significantly greater risk of developing systemic recurrence among patients who experienced a postoperative wound complication compared with those without a complication (hazard ratio 4·94, 95 per cent c.i. 2·72 to 8·95; P < 0·001). This remained significant after adjusting for Nottingham Prognostic Index group in the multivariable analysis. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate for patients who had a wound complication was 64 per cent, compared with 89·2 per cent in patients without a complication (P < 0·001).

Conclusion

This study has demonstrated that wound complications after immediate breast reconstructive surgery have significant implications for patients with breast cancer. Strategies are required to minimize the risk of postoperative wound complications in patients with breast cancer undergoing immediate reconstruction.
Effect of ischaemic preconditioning on recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in an experimental model of liver steatosis
Authors: Orci L A , Lacotte S , Oldani G , Slits F , De Vito C , Crowe L A , Rubbia-Brandt L , Vallée J-P , Morel P , Toso C
Published: February 2016

Background

Livers with parenchymal abnormalities tolerate ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) injury poorly. IR injury is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence. This study assessed the link between liver parenchymal abnormalities and HCC recurrence, and evaluated the protective effect of ischaemic preconditioning.

Methods

C57BL/6 mice were fed a choline-deficient diet for 6 and 12 weeks, or standard chow. Hepatic IR and ischaemic preconditioning were achieved by clamping liver blood inflow. Hepa 1–6 HCC cells were inoculated through the spleen. Thereafter, tumour burden, serum α-fetoprotein and cancer cell aggressiveness were compared among groups.

Results

Hepatocellular damage and expression of inflammatory genes (encoding interleukin 6, tumour necrosis factor α, hypoxia inducible factor 1α and E-selectin) were exacerbated after IR injury in mice with severe steatosis. Compared with control livers or those with minimal steatosis, livers exposed to a prolonged choline-deficient diet developed larger tumour nodules and had higher serum α-fetoprotein levels. Non-ischaemic liver lobes from mice with steatosis were not protected from accelerated tumour growth mediated by IR injury. This remote effect was linked to promotion of the aggressiveness of HCC cells. Ischaemic preconditioning before IR injury reduced the tumour burden to the level of that in non-ischaemic steatotic controls. This protective effect was associated with decreased cancer cell motility.

Conclusion

Livers with steatosis tolerated IR poorly, contributing to more severe HCC recurrence patterns in mice with increasingly severe steatosis. IR injury also had a remote effect on cancer cell aggressiveness. Ischaemic preconditioning before IR injury reduced tumour load and serum α-fetoprotein levels. Surgical relevanceLiver ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) injury is associated with organ dysfunction and surgical morbidity. Livers with steatosis tolerate IR injury poorly in the setting of both liver resection and liver transplantation. Ischaemic preconditioning is a simple method to mitigate IR injury.This study shows that ischaemic preconditioning of mouse livers with steatosis reduces ischaemia-mediated tumour growth acceleration.Liver parenchymal abnormalities such as warm IR injury and liver steatosis should be taken into account to predict accurately the risk of liver cancer recurrence after surgical management. Ischaemic preconditioning strategies may hold therapeutic potential not only to mitigate surgical morbidity but also to reduce postoperative recurrence of liver cancer.
Electrochemical Detection of TNT by Differential Pulse Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry at Carbon Paste Electrode Modified by 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate
Authors: Vu Ha Thi Thu , Le Hanh Thi Vinh , Pham Yen Thi Hai , Le Hung Quoc , Pham Phong Hong
Published: February 2016

Different kinds of materials for electrodes based on glassy carbon, carbon fibers, and modified by an ionic liquid (BMIMBF4
) were used to determine 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) in water environment by differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry. The modified electrode based on BMIMBF4
showed a better performance than those based on the microelectrode and glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in term of sensitivity. The best performance was obtained with the ionic liquid‐modified electrode with 80:10:10 (w/w/w) of the graphite powder/paraffin oil/BMIMBF4
composition in PBS, pH 8. The TNT concentration was linear in the range 1.5 to ~30 ppm for all studied electrodes (r = 0.9978) with a detection limit of 88.6 ppb using IL‐CPE (ionic liquid‐modified carbon paste electrode). This latter electrode was used to measure real samples taken from Red River, Vietnam. The recovery study for TNT in natural samples gave values from 99.7% to 103.3%. IL‐CPE demonstrated long‐term stability and reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of 1.67%.
Using optimal combination of teaching–learning methods (open book assignment and group tutorials) as revision exercises to improve learning outcome in low achievers in biochemistry
Authors: Rajappa Medha , Bobby Zachariah , Nandeesha H. , Suryapriya R. , Ragul Anithasri , Yuvaraj B. , Revathy G. , Priyadarssini M.
Published: February 2016

Graduate medical students of India are taught Biochemistry by didactic lectures and they hardly get any opportunity to clarify their doubts and reinforce the concepts which they learn in these lectures. We used a combination of teaching–learning (T–L) methods (open book assignment followed by group tutorials) to study their efficacy in improving the learning outcome. About 143 graduate medical students were classified into low (<50%: group 1, n = 23), medium (50–75%: group 2, n = 74), and high (>75%: group 3, n = 46) achievers, based on their internal assessment marks. After the regular teaching module on the topics “Vitamins and Enzymology”, all the students attempted an open book assignment without peer consultation. Then all the students participated in group tutorials. The effects on the groups were evaluated by pre and posttests at the end of each phase, with the same set of MCQs. Gain from group tutorials and overall gain was significantly higher in the low achievers, compared to other groups. High and medium achievers obtained more gain from open book assignment, than group tutorials. The overall gain was significantly higher than the gain obtained from open book assignment or group tutorials, in all three groups. All the three groups retained the gain even after 1 week of the exercise. Hence, optimal use of novel T–L methods (open book assignment followed by group tutorials) as revision exercises help in strengthening concepts in Biochemistry in this oft neglected group of low achievers in graduate medical education. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44(4):321–325, 2016.
Metadiscourse markers in biological research articles and journal impact factor: Non‐native writers vs. native writers
Authors: Gholami Javad , Ilghami Roghayeh
Published: February 2016

Metadiscourse markers (MDMs) are lexical resources that writers employ to organize their discourse and state their stance towards the content or the reader. This study investigated the frequency with which interactive and interactional MDMs were employed in biological research articles (RAs). It also explored the possible relationship between the frequency of these markers and Impact Factor (IF) of journals as an index of quality. Moreover, it aimed at finding out the difference(s) between two groups of authors (Iranian and American) in their use of these markers. Forty biological RAs published in years 2008‐2011 written by Iranian non‐native authors and published in four ISI journals with different IFs and 40 articles with the same characteristics published by American native authors were selected and examined for the use of the markers. The results showed that there was a strong positive correlation between the frequency of MDMs and IF of the journals. Regarding the frequency of MDMs, it was observed that Iranian authors employed interactive and interactional markers slightly more than their American counterparts. These results may provisionally confirm the considerable role of MDMs in enhancing the coherence and organization of articles for possible publication in high‐impact journals. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44(4):349–360, 2016.
Suppression of prostate cancer progression by cancer cell stemness inhibitor napabucasin
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Jin Zhong , Zhou Huimin , Ou Xueting , Xu Yawen , Li Hulin , Liu Chunxiao , Li Bingkun
Published: February 2016

A small population of cells with stem cell‐like properties in prostate cancer (PCa), called prostate cancer stem cells (PrCSCs) or prostate stemness‐high cancer cells, displays highly tumorigenic and metastatic features and may be responsible for the therapy resistance. A small molecule, napabucasin (BBI608), recently have been identified with suppression of stemness‐high cancer cells in a variety of cancers. However, the effects of napabucasin on PCa cells as well as PrCSCs isolated from PCa cells have not yet been defined. The effect of napabucasin on PCa cells in cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell migration in vitro were measured by MTS, colony formation assay, and Transwell, respectively. Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate cell cycle and cell apoptosis, and the effect on tumorigenesis in vivo was examined by tumor growth assays. Furthermore, the role of napabucasin on self‐renewal and survival of PrCSCs was evaluated by their ability to grow spheres and cell viability assay, respectively. Western Blot and qRT‐PCR were used to determine the effect of napabucasin on the expressions of stemness markers. Decrease in cell viability, colony formation, migration, and survival with cell cycle arrest, higher sensitivity to docetaxel in vitro, and repressed tumorigenesis in vivo was observed upon napabucasin treatment. More importantly, napabucasin can obviously inhibit spherogenesis and even kill PrCSCs in vitro. Downregulation of stemness markers was observed after PrCSCs were treated with napabucasin. This study demonstrates that napabucasin may be a novel approach in the treatment of advanced PCa, specifically for castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
New p32/gC1qR Ligands for Targeted Tumor Drug Delivery
Authors: Paasonen Lauri , Sharma Shweta , Braun Gary B. , Kotamraju Venkata Ramana , Chung Thomas D. Y. , She Zhi‐Gang , Sugahara Kazuki N. , Yliperttula Marjo , Wu Bainan , Pellecchia Maurizio , Ruoslahti Erkki , Teesalu Tambet
Published: February 2016

Cell surface p32, the target of LyP‐1 homing peptide, is upregulated in tumors and atherosclerotic plaques and has been widely used as a receptor for systemic delivery of payloads. Here, we identified an improved LyP‐1‐mimicking peptide (TT1, CKRGARSTC). We used this peptide in a fluorescence polarization‐based high‐throughput screening of a 50 000‐compound chemical library and identified a panel of compounds that bind p32 with low micromolar affinity. Among the hits identified in the screen, two compounds were shown to specifically bind to p32 in multiple assays. One of these compounds was chosen for an in vivo study. Nanoparticles surface‐functionalized with this compound specifically adhered to surfaces coated with recombinant p32 and, when injected intravenously, homed to p32‐expressing breast tumors in mice. This compound provides a lead for the development of p32‐targeted affinity ligands that circumvent some of the limitations of peptide‐based probes in guided drug delivery.
Social networking sites and digital identity: The utility of provider‐adolescent communication
Authors: Chandra Anjali
Published: February 2016

Social media has become a staple for American adolescents. Participation in social networking sites (SNSs) has gained immense popularity via platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, Tumblr, and Vine. According to a Pew Research Center survey in 2015, 89% of teenagers reported using at least one social networking site, with 71% of adolescents reporting using more than one SNS. It is fair to say that, as a multibillion‐dollar industry, social media, in one form or another, will continue to be of interest to our adolescents and a part of our future. The goal of this article is to describe how providers may use discussions of SNSs to communicate with adolescents in care.
Keep your eye on…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2016

How teen ambivalence is related to response to motivational interviewing

How maternal anxiety before birth can affect offspring

the link between callous unemotional traits in childhood and behavior disorders in adolescence
Association between health status and long‐term mortality after percutaneous revascularization of peripheral artery disease
Authors: Bunte Matthew C. , House John A. , Spertus John A. , Cohen David J. , Marso Steven P. , Safley David M.
Published: February 2016

Objectives

To explore the association of health status change and long‐term survival among patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD).

Background

Early gains in health status after successful endovascular therapy (EVT) for symptomatic PAD can be maintained up to 1 year. Whether such health status improvements are associated with long‐term survival benefits is unknown.

Methods

Between February 2001 and August 2004, 258 patients with symptomatic PAD treated with EVT participated in a prospective study evaluating baseline and 1 year health status using the Peripheral Artery Questionnaire (range 0–100, higher scores = better). All‐cause mortality was assessed for all patients at a median of 9.4 years following EVT.

Results

The mean age at enrollment was 68 ± 11 years; 61% were male, 97% were Caucasian, and 38% had diabetes. Patients with a clinically meaningful health status improvement (≥8 points) 1 year after their index procedure (79%) were identified as responders. Responders had a significantly better 10 year survival compared with nonresponders (60% vs 38%, p = 0.025). Responder status was associated with a survival advantage that persisted in risk‐adjusted analysis (adjusted hazard ratio for long‐term mortality, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.45–0.97]; p = 0.036).

Conclusions

Among patients with symptomatic PAD undergoing EVT, improvement of PAD‐specific health status at 1 year follow‐up was associated with improved long‐term survival. Whether additional treatment for patients with poor response to EVT could improve long‐term survival warrants further investigation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Angiographic patterns of drug‐eluting stent restenosis after treatment with drug‐coated balloon versus balloon angioplasty: Late lumen loss subgroup analyses of the PEPCAD‐DES study
Authors: Rittger Harald , Wöhrle Jochen , Brachmann Johannes , Hohenforst‐Schmidt Wolfgang , Schlundt Christian , Lonke Sandra , von Cranach Moritz , Markovic Sinisa , Achenbach Stephan , Waliszewski Matthias
Published: February 2016

Objectives

This report provides the results of additional late lumen loss (LLL) analyses the predefined subgroup of diabetics and post hoc analyses of selected lesion morphologies to further elucidate the efficacy of paclitaxel coated balloon (PCB) angioplasty (clinical trials identifier NCT00998439).

Background

The PEPCAD‐DES trial revealed that in lesion LLL and the target lesion revascularization rate (TLR) were significantly reduced with PCB angioplasty as compared with plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) in patients with drug‐eluting stent restenosis (DES‐ISR).

Methods

A total of 110 patients with restenosis of Sirolimus‐ (SES), Everolimus‐ (EES), or Paclitaxel‐eluting (PES) stents in native coronary arteries were randomized 2:1 to receive treatment with PCB (72 patients) or POBA (38 patients).

Results

In the PCB group, LLL did not differ for PES versus non‐PES lesions (0.46 ± 0.55 mm vs. 0.41 ± 0.65 mm, P = 0.81). Moreover, there was no difference in LLL when PCB's were used in single and multiple layer DES‐ISR (0.35 ± 0.60 mm vs. 0.51 ± 0.63 mm, P = 0.31). In contrast, patients treated with POBA for multilayer DES‐ISR were more likely to have significantly higher LLL as compared with single layer DES‐ISR (1.29 ± 0.76 mm vs. 0.65 ± 0.60 mm, P = 0.02). There was no LLL difference between diabetics and non‐diabetics when treated with PCB angioplasty (0.46 ± 0.76 mm vs. 0.43 ± 0.54 mm, P = 0.83).

Conclusion

Our hypothesis generating results indicated that there were no differences in terms of LLL when PCB angioplasty was applied in subgroups of single versus multiple layer DES‐ISR and PES‐ISR versus non‐PES ISR. LLL was not higher in diabetic patients as compared with the their non‐diabetic counterparts when treated with PCB's. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Status epilepticus due to brain tumor during pregnancy
Authors: Kasai Michi , Aoki Shigeru , Kobayashi Natsuko , Hirahara Fumiki , Takahashi Tsuneo
Published: February 2016

Key Clinical Message

There is no consensus on the timing of delivery of an infant with nonreassuring fetal status that is associated with maternal status epilepticus. We herein describe a case of status epilepticus due to brain tumor at 28 weeks of gestation.
Glucose to Fructose Isomerization in Aqueous Media over Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Marianou Asimina A. , Michailof Chrysoula M. , Pineda Antonio , Iliopoulou Eleni F. , Triantafyllidis Kostas S. , Lappas Angelos A.
Published: February 2016

Isomerization of glucose to fructose is an important reaction with numerous applications in terms of biomass valorization. The reaction is catalyzed enzymatically but may also proceed under alkaline conditions, in which case it is accompanied by low selectivity and formation of byproducts. Solid Lewis acid and basic catalytic materials are being studied as alternative catalysts. In this work, the isomerization of glucose to fructose in aqueous media over homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts has been investigated. The effect of polar aprotic solvents and their mixtures with water on glucose conversion and fructose selectivity was also studied. Sodium aluminate (NaAlO2) has been proven to be very effective, resulting in high fructose yield (52.1 %) and high selectivity (84.8 %). Among the various solid catalysts tested, MgO afforded glucose conversion of 44 %, with 75.8 % and 33.4 % fructose selectivity and yield, respectively, when the isomerization reaction was conducted in neat H2O.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Aromatic Substitution Reactions of Cyanoarenes with 4‐Alkyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines through Double Carbon–Carbon Bond Cleavage
Authors: Nakajima Kazunari , Nojima Sunao , Sakata Ken , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki
Published: February 2016

Novel aromatic substitution reactions of cyanoarenes with 4‐alkyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines as alkylating reagents in the presence of a catalytic amount of a photoredox catalyst proceed smoothly to give the corresponding alkyl‐substituted arenes in good to high yields. The present reaction system realizes a novel C−C bond‐forming reaction between two fragments generated from the C−C bond‐cleavage reactions of two independent substrates.
Gas‐Liquid Mass Transfer Characteristics with Microbubble Aeration – I. Standard Stirred Tank
Authors: Li Xiangyang , Li Pingping , Zu Liangzhu , Yang Chao
Published: February 2016

More knowledge has to be acquired on the gas‐liquid mass transfer characteristics with microbubble aeration before an efficient bioreactor is designed. Experiments about this subject have been conducted in a stirred reactor. Some valuable conclusions were obtained: the shaft power consumption is little affected by the superficial gas velocity (vs) and the power consumption of the microbubble generator is rather high; the dispersion of microbubbles is more uniform compared to sparger aeration; surface aeration leads to a reduced microbubble number and the diameter of the microbubble increases with higher superficial gas velocity; when surface aeration happens, the kLa–vs curves turn quite abnormally different from that in the case of sparger aeration, and correlation‐based calculations fit well with the measurements.
Electrodeposition of Protocrystalline Germanium from Supercritical Difluoromethane
Authors: Cummings Charles Y. , Bartlett Philip N. , Pugh David , Reid Gillian , Levason William , Hasan Mahboba M. , Hector Andrew L. , Spencer Joe , Smith David C. , Marks Samuel , Beanland Richard
Published: February 2016

We report results for the electrochemistry of the germanium(II) tri‐halide anions, [GeCl3]−, [GeBr3]− and [GeI3]−, in supercritical difluoromethane containing 60 mm [NnBu4][BF4] at 19.1 MPa and 358 K. The voltammetry shows mass‐transport‐limited currents for reduction to germanium at gold on the first scan. There is no evidence of a germanium stripping peak and, on subsequent scans, the electrode slowly passivates with the deposition of approximately 0.4 μm of material. The redox potentials for the reduction of the three tri‐halides are in the order [GeCl3]− <[GeBr3]− <[GeI3]−, with the iodide being the most easily reduced complex. Electrodeposition of germanium onto TiN electrodes from supercritical difluoromethane at 19.1 MPa and 358 K, using either 16 mm [EMIM][GeI3] with 60 mm [EMIM][BF4] or 16 mm [NnBu4][GeI3] with 60 mm [NnBu4][BF4], gave deposition rates of 2–3 μm h−1. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that the resulting germanium films were protocrystalline, containing nanocrystals of germanium embedded in an amorphous germanium matrix.
Stereoselective Ag‐Catalyzed 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Activated Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Azomethine Ylides
Authors: Ponce Alberto , Alonso Inés , Adrio Javier , Carretero Juan C.
Published: February 2016

A silver‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of fluorinated azomethine ylides and activated olefins is reported. The reaction offers a straightforward and atom‐economical procedure for the preparation of fluorinated pyrrolidines. Broad scope and high levels of diastereoselectivity have been achieved simply by using AgOAc/PPh3 as the catalyst system. The high efficiency of the cycloaddition relies on the presence of a metal‐coordinating group on the imine moiety, such as an ester or heteroaryl group. The asymmetric version of the cycloaddition has been developed by using Taniaphos as a chiral ligand.
Gas‐Phase Studies of Formamidopyrimidine Glycosylase (Fpg) Substrates
Authors: Kiruba G. S. M. , Xu Jiahui , Zelikson Victoria , Lee Jeehiun K.
Published: February 2016

Gas‐phase thermochemical properties (tautomerism, acidity, and proton affinity) have been measured and calculated for a series of nucleobase derivatives that have not heretofore been examined under vacuum. The studied species are substrates for the enzyme formamidopyrimidine glycosylase (Fpg), which cleaves damaged nucleobases from DNA. The gas‐phase results are compared and contrasted to solution‐phase data, to afford insight into the Fpg mechanism. Calculations are also used to probe the energetics of various possible mechanisms and to predict isotope effects that could potentially allow for discrimination between different mechanisms. Specifically, 18O substitution at the ribose O4′ is predicted to result in a normal kinetic isotope effect (KIE) for a ring‐opening “endocyclic” mechanism and an inverse KIE for a direct base excision “exocyclic” pathway.
Highly Dispersible and Stable Anionic Boron Cluster–Graphene Oxide Nanohybrids
Authors: Cabrera‐González Justo , Cabana Laura , Ballesteros Belén , Tobias Gerard , Núñez Rosario
Published: February 2016

An efficient process to produce boron cluster–graphene oxide nanohybrids that are highly dispersible in water and organic solvents is established for the first time. Dispersions of these nanohybrid materials in water were extraordinarily stable after one month. Characterization of hybrids after grafting of appropriate cobaltabisdicarbollide and closo‐dodecaborate derivatives onto the surface of graphene oxide (GO) was done by FT‐IR, XPS, and UV/Vis. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) clearly shows a higher thermal stability for the modified‐GO nanohybrids compared to the parent GO. Of particular note, elemental mapping by energy‐filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) reveals that a uniform decoration of the graphene oxide surface with the boron clusters is achieved under the reported conditions. Therefore, the resulting nanohybrid systems show exceptional physico‐chemical and thermal properties, paving the way for an enhanced processability and further expanding the range of application for graphene‐based materials.
Copper‐Catalyzed S−C/S−N Bond Interconversions
Authors: Wen Jian , Cheng Hanchao , Dong Shunxi , Bolm Carsten
Published: February 2016

Under an atmosphere of dioxygen, copper‐catalyzed de‐alkylation/amination sequences provide sulfonimidamides from unprotected sulfoximines in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic studies suggest the involvement of radicals in both the C−S bond cleavage and the formation of the new N−S bond.
ChemInform Abstract: LUMINESZENZ UND TRIPLETTENERGIEUEBERTRAGUNG IN MISCHKRISTALLEN 2. MITT. DREIKOMPONENTENSYST.
Authors: ADAM K. R. , O'DWYER M. F.
Published: February 2016

In Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur und der Konzentration der Donomebenkomponente wird die Phosphoreszenz in den Dreikomponentenkristallen (I) und (II) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: UEBERGANGSMETALL‐KOMPLEXE MIT SCHIFFSCHEN BASEN 5. MITT. SPINGLEICHGEWICHTE IN EISENMONONITROSYLEN
Authors: EARNSHAW A. , KING E. A. , LARKWORTHY L. F.
Published: February 2016

Durch Reaktion der High‐Spin‐Eisenkomplexe (I) mit Stickstoffoxid werden die neuen, scheinbar 5fach koordinierten Mononitrosyle (II) dargestellt, die bei Zimmertemperatur 3 ungepaarte Elektronen besitzen.
ChemInform Abstract: KRISTALLSTRUKTUR UND SCHWINGUNGSSPEKTRUM VON TETRACHLOROZINN(IV)‐BIS‐(ACETONITRIL)
Authors: WEBSTER M. , BLAYDEN H. E.
Published: February 2016

Nach Einkristallaufnahmen hat die Titelverbindung (I) monokline Struktur.
ChemInform Abstract: KRISTALL‐ UND MOLEKULARSTRUKTUR DER DIMEREN 1/1 ADDITIONSVERBINDUNG AUS QUECKSILBER(II)‐CHLORID UND TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINSELENID
Authors: GLASSER DENT L. S. , INGRAM LORNA , KING M. G. , MCQUILLAN G. P.
Published: February 2016

Die Titelverbindung, bei der eine Elementarzelle zwei getrennte dimere zentrosymmetrische Moleküle (I) enthält, kristallisiert monoklin.
ChemInform Abstract: MISCHUNGSENTHALPIEN UND KOMPLEXBILDUNG VON TETRACHLORKOHLENSTOFF MIT EINIGEN METHYLSUBSTITUIERTEN BENZOLEN 2. MITT.
Authors: HOWELL P. J. , STUBLEY D.
Published: February 2016

Die Mischungsenthalpien der drei Xylole, des Mesitylens und des Pseudocumols mit Tetrachlorkohlenstoff werden mit den in der 1. Mitt. gewonnenen Ergebnissen verglichen.
ChemInform Abstract: NEUES KAEUFLICHES METALLORGANISCHES HYDRID
Authors: ‐ ‐
Published: February 2016

Als neues Reduktionsmittel, das die Lücke zwischen Lithiumaluminiumhydrid und Natriumborhydrid schließen soll, ist Natrium‐bis‐(2‐methoxyäthoxy)‐aluminiumhydrid (I), ("SDMA") auf den Markt gekommen.
ChemInform Abstract: DIREKTE FLUORIERUNG SUBSTITUIERTER CARBAMINATE
Authors: GRAKAUKAS V. , BAUM K.
Published: February 2016

Bei der direkten Fluorierung von Carbaminaten (I) entstehen über die N‐ Fluor‐Verbindungen (II) unter Substitution der Carbalkoxygruppe durch Fluor die Difluoramine (III).
ChemInform Abstract: EIKOSAEDRISCHE CARBORANE 13. MITT. HALOGENIERUNG VON P‐CARBORAN
Authors: SIECKHAUS JOHN F. , SEMENUK NICK S. , KNOWLES THOMAS A. , SCHROEDER HANSJUERGEN
Published: February 2016

p‐Carboran von 99%iger Reinheit wird in 25%iger Ausbeute dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON HETEROCYCLEN 136. MITT. RK. MIT SALICYLSAEURECHLORID
Authors: KOLLENZ G. , ZIEGLER E. , KAPPE TH.
Published: February 2016

Die Isothioharnstoffe (II) reagieren mit Salicylsäurechlorid (I) zu den Pentacyclen (III) (30 bzw. 15% Ausbeute).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOBROMIERUNG VON ALKYLTRICHLORSILANEN
Authors: MICHAEL K. W. , BANK H. M. , SPEIER J. L.
Published: February 2016

Bei Butyl‐trichlorsilan (I) verläuft eine Bromierung aufgrund gleicher Aktivierung durch Methyl‐ und Trichlorsilylgruppen zu gleichen Anteilen in 2‐ und 3‐Stellung zu (II) bzw. (IIIa), während die Chlorierung (IIIb) gibt.
ChemInform Abstract: DEHYDROXYLIERUNG VON PHENOLEN
Authors: PAILER M. , GOESSINGER E.
Published: February 2016

Der Austausch phenolischer Hydroxylgruppen gegen Wasserstoff durch Hydrogenolyse der Phenoläther mit stickstoffhaltigen Heterocyclen wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: AUTOX. VON 1‐OCTEN MIT TERT.‐BUTYLHYDROPEROXID UND CHROM(III)‐ACETYLACETONAT 2. MITT. LOESUNGSMITTELEFFEKTE UND RADIKALISCHE INHIBITOREN
Authors: INDICTOR N. , JOCHSBERGER T. , KURNIT D.
Published: February 2016

l‐Octen wurde in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln (Halogenaliphaten, Aromaten, Phenyläther, Naphthalin, Alkylaromaten, Eisessig, Essigester, Dimethylformamid oder Dioxan) unter Zusatz von Cr(III)‐acetylacetonat und tert.‐Butylhydroperoxid der Autoxydation unterworfen.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. MIT DIMETHYLFORMAMID 3. MITT. UMSETZUNG VON ARYLSULFOCHLORIDEN UND ARYLSULFONSAEUREN MIT DIMETHYLFORMAMID
Authors: SCHINDLBAUER HELLMUTH
Published: February 2016

Reaktion der Sulfochloride (I) mit Dimethylformamid (II) im Molverhältnis 1:2 führt in 40‐59%iger Ausbeute zu den Formamidiniumsulfonaten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SCHWEFEL‐STICKSTOFFVERBINDUNGEN 22. MITT. SYNTH. NEUER FLUORSULFONYLVERBINDUNGEN
Authors: ROESKY HERBERT W. , GIERE HORST‐H.
Published: February 2016

Fluorsulfonylisocyanat (I) reagiert mit den Carbonsäuren (II) unter Decarboxylierung zu den Säureamiden (III) (2l‐92% Ausbeute), die mit PCl5 die Acetimidsäurechloride (IV) (43‐70% Ausbeute) bilden.
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. VERSCHIEDEN SUBSTITUIERTER 1‐BENZOLAZO‐ALKENE
Authors: BRODKA SIEGHART , SIMON HELMUT
Published: February 2016

Die Azoverbindungen (III) lassen sich in 72‐80%iger Ausbeute aus dem Keton (I) und den Hydrazinen (II) in Gegenwart von Pyridin darstellen, wobei als Zwischenprodukte die Pyridiniumionen entsprechend (IV) gebildet werden.
ChemInform Abstract: OX. VON ACETON‐2‐PHENYLSEMICARBAZON
Authors: SCHANTL J.
Published: February 2016

Die Titelverbindung (I) wird durch HgO, Pb‐Tetraacetat oder Jod zum Isocyanat (II) (71% Ausbeute) oxydiert, das in Methanol‐Na‐methylat in 95%iger Ausbeute zum Ester (III) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: ′KONJUGIERTE′ NITRONYL‐NITROXID‐ UND IMINO‐NITROXID‐RADIKALE
Authors: ULLMAN E. F. , BOOCOCK D. G. B.
Published: February 2016

Das unsubstituierte Nitronyl‐nitroxid (I) ionisiert mit Kalium‐tert.‐butylat in Dimethylsulfoxid in das Radikalanion (II).
ChemInform Abstract: NITRO‐1.2.4‐TRIAZOLE
Authors: BROWNE E. J.
Published: February 2016

Durch Diazotierung der Amine (Ia) und (Ib) werden die Triazole (IIa) und (IIb) (58 bzw. 61% Ausbeute) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON HETEROCYCLEN 135. MITT. CHINOLIZINE UND INDOLIZINE 6. MITT. SYNTH. VON 2‐HYDROXY‐BENZO(A)CHINOLIZIN‐4‐ONEN
Authors: KAPPE THOMAS , LINNAU YENDRA
Published: February 2016

Durch Kondensation der Dihydroisochinoline (I) mit den Malonsäureestern (II) werden die Benzochinolizinone (III) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON BENZALBENZAMIDIN MIT ACETYLENDICARBONSAEUREDIMETHYLESTER
Authors: CERKASOV V. M. , KAPRAN N. A. , ZAVACKIJ V. N.
Published: February 2016

Benzalbenzamidin (I) reagiert beim Erhitzen mit Acetylendicarbonsäureester (II) in Benzol zu (III) (40%).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON IN 4‐STELLUNG UNSUBSTITUIERTEN PTERIDINEN AUS PYRAZINEN UEBER DIE 3,4‐DIHYDROPTERIDINE
Authors: ALBERT A. , OHTA K.
Published: February 2016

2‐Aminopyrazin‐3‐carboxyamid (Ia), das aus Aminomalonamidamidin und Glyoxal zugänglich ist, wurde durch Umsetzung mit Phosphorylchlorid in Dimethylformamid in das 2‐Amino‐3‐cyanopyrazin (II) übergeführt (75%), über Raney‐Nickel zu (III) (87%) hydriert und mit Triäthylorthoacetat in der Siedehitze zu 3,4‐Dihydro‐2‐methyl‐pteridin (IVa) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: BENZOKONDENSIERTE 7‐RING‐HETEROCYCLEN 3. MITT.SYNTH. UND CYCLISIERUNG VON N‐ARYL‐N′‐AROYL‐AETHYLENDIAMINEN
Authors: WUENSCH KARL‐HEINZ , DETTMANN HARTMUT , SCHOENBERG SOLVEIG
Published: February 2016

Durch Ringspaltung von 1‐Aroyl‐aziridinen mit prim. oder sek. aromatischen Aminen werden in guter Ausbeute N‐Aryl‐N′‐aroyl‐äthylendiamine erhalten, die in Gegenwart von Polyphosphorsäureäthylester bei ca. 150°C in Abhängigkeit vom eingesetzten Amin zu l.2‐Diaryl‐Δ2‐imidazolinen oder 2.3‐Dihydro‐1H‐l .4‐benzodiazepinen cyclisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. UND UNTERSUCHUNG VON LEWISSAEUREKOMPLEXEN 5. MITT. TITANTETRACHLORIDKOMPLEXE DER ACETATE VON CYCLISCHEN ZWEI‐ UND DREIWERTIGEN ALKOHOLEN
Authors: CSUEROES Z. , DEAK GY. , HOLLY S. , TOEROEK‐KALMAR A. + , ZARA‐KACZIAN E.
Published: February 2016

Die Acetate (I) sowie (III) bis (VII) reagieren mit äquimolaren oder Überschußmengen von Ti‐tetrachlorid zu 1:1‐, l:2‐ oder 2:3‐Komplexen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. KOVALENTER ZINN‐STICKSTOFF‐VERBINDUNGEN
Authors: LORBERTH J.
Published: February 2016

Aus Trimethylstannyllithium (II) und N‐Bromsuccinimid wird bei 0°C in Tetrahydrofuran lediglich das Bromid (I), aber keine Verbindung mit einer kovalenten Zinn‐Stickstoff‐Bindung erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOZINNISOTHIOCYANAT‐KOMPLEXE, RK. VON ALKYLZINNISOTHIOCYANATEN MIT LIGANDEN, DIE SAUERSTOFF ODER STICKSTOFF ALS DONATORATOM ENTHALTEN
Authors: HOLLOWAY J. H. , MCQUILLAN G. P. , ROSS D. S.
Published: February 2016

Alkyl‐Sn‐isothiocyanate VIII bzw. X reagieren mit den Nucleophilen (I‐V) und (VII) zu den 6‐fach koordinierten Addukten IX bzw. XI.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOPENTADIENYL‐BIS‐(TRIARYLPHOSPHIN)‐KOBALT(I)
Authors: RINZE P. V. , LORBERTH J. , NOETH H. , STUTTE B.
Published: February 2016

Aus Cyclopentadien (I) und den Tris‐(triarylphosphin)‐stickstoffkobalt(I)‐ hydriden (IV) werden in Benzol oder Toluol unter Stickstoff‐ und Phosphinabspaltung sowie Cyclopentenbildung die diamagnetischen Komplexe (III) erhalten (67 ‐ 81% Ausbeute).
ChemInform Abstract: MAGNETISCHE EIGENSCHAFTEN EINIGER 8‐HYDROXYCHINOLINATO‐KUPFER(II)‐KOMPLEXE
Authors: FRAZER M. J. , ROBINS G. V. , TAYLOR F. B.
Published: February 2016

Die Messungen der Suszeptibilität für die Cu(II)‐Komplexe (I) von 90 bis 370°K zeigen, daß die Komplexe magnetisch konzentriert sind.
ChemInform Abstract: DONOREIGENSCHAFTEN VON POSITIV GELADENEN LIGANDEN, 5‐FACH KOORDINIERTE UEBERGANGSMETALLKOMPLEXE, DIE EIN MONOQUATERNISIERTES TERT. AMIN ENTHALTEN
Authors: GOEDKEN V. L. , QUAGLIANO J. V. , VALLARINO L. M.
Published: February 2016

Durch Reaktion des Liganden mit dem Metallsalz in Gegenwart von Wasser oder Ammoniak werden die kristallinen high‐spin‐Komplexe (I) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: MONOSACCHARIDE MIT STICKSTOFFHALTIGEM RING 25. MITT. DARST. N‐SUBSTITUIERTER DERIVATE V. 5.6‐DIAMINO‐1,6‐ANHYDRO‐5.6‐DIDESOXY‐BETA‐L‐IDOPYRANOSE
Authors: PAULSEN HANS , GRAGE ULRICH
Published: February 2016

Die Idopyranose (I) reagiert mit NaOCl zur N,N′‐Dichlorverbindungen (II) (17% Ausbeute) neben geringen Mengen der Monochlorverbindungen (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: GLYKOSIDE UND AGLYKONE 319. MITT. GOMPHOGENIN‐TEILSYNTH. UND STRUKTUR DES CALOTROPAGENINS
Authors: LARDON A. , STOECKEL K. , REICHSTEIN T.
Published: February 2016

Uzarigenon (I) wurde mit Pb‐Tetraacetat in die Acetoxyverbindung (II) und dann in Gomphogenin (III) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: PEPTIDE 72. MITT. SYNTH. DER TEILSEQUENZ 42‐49 DES HUELLPROTEINS VOM PHAGEN FD
Authors: KLOSTERMEYER HENNING
Published: February 2016

Die Oktapeptidsequenz der Titelverbindung wurde als geschütztes Derivat (III) durch Azidkupplung des Tripeptids (I) und des Pentapeptids (II) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: SCHWINGUNGSFEINSTRUKTUR UND FORMAL VERBOTENE UEBERGAENGE IM ZIRKULARDICHROISMUS
Authors: GILLARD R. D. , MITCHELL P. R.
Published: February 2016

Die UV‐ und CD‐Maxima der aromatischen Verbindungen (I)‐(V) , die bei 260 nm eine Feinstruktur aufweisen, weichen in Lage und Intensität voneinander ab.
ChemInform Abstract: TRIBENZYLBORANE, EIN LADUNGSUEBERTRAGUNGSMODELL FUER ELEKTRONENUEBERGAENGE IN BENZYLVERBINDUNGEN DER NICHTMETALLE DER GRUPPE VA UND FUER DEN UEBERGANGSZUSTAND VON PHENONIUMIONEN
Authors: RAMSEY BRIAN G. , DAS NIRMAL K.
Published: February 2016

Aus den UV‐Spektren der Borverbindungen (I) ergibt sich ein zusätzlicher Übergang im Bereich 240‐300 nm.
ChemInform Abstract: RAMANFREQUENZEN UND METALL‐METALL KRAFTKONSTANTEN FUER M2(CO)10‐SPEZIES
Authors: QUICKSALL CARL O. , SPIRO THOMAS G.
Published: February 2016

Für die Mn‐ und Re‐Dekacarbonyle sowie für MnRe(CO)10 werden die Ramanspektren bei niedrigen Frequenzschwingungen untersucht und die Metall‐Metall‐Kraftkonstanten bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: LOESUNGSSPEKTREN 28. MITT. NMR‐UNTERSUCHUNGEN VON WASSER‐TERT.‐BUTANOL‐GEMISCHEN UND DES EINFLUSSES VON VERSCHIEDENEN ZUSAETZEN
Authors: ANDERSON R. G. , SYMONS C. R.
Published: February 2016

Die in wäßrigem tert.‐Butanol auftretenden Verschiebungen der NMR‐Signale der Hydroxyl‐ und Methylnprototonen, der F‐Kerne von zugesetztem Fluorid sowie der Ringprotonen von zugesetztem 1,4‐Diäthyl‐pyridiniumbromid werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ELEKTRONENSPINRESONANZ VON ALKYLRADIKALEN VON ORGANOMETALLVERBINDUNGEN DER IV GRUPPE IN LOESUNG
Authors: KRUSIC PAUL J. , KOCHI JAY K.
Published: February 2016

ESR‐spektroskopisch wird die Bildung der Radikale (III) durch Wasserstoffentzug aus den Alkylverbindungen (I) mit Hilfe von photochemisch erzeugten tert.‐Butoxyradikalen (II) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: MOESSBAUER‐SPEKTREN, STRUKTUR UND BINDUNG VON EISENCARBONYL‐DERIVATEN
Authors: GREATREX R. , GREENWOOD N. N.
Published: February 2016

Bei Komplexen, wie z.B. (I), fällt die chemische Verschiebung der Mössbauer‐Spektren mit dem Ansteigen der Ladung des Anions und steigt systematisch mit der Koordinationszahl.
ChemInform Abstract: BESTIMMUNG DER BINDUNGSSTAERKE UND DES GRADES DER ABWEICHUNG VON DER OKTAEDERSYMMETRIE DURCH MOESSBAUER‐SPEKTROSKOPIE
Authors: GOLDING R. M. , JACKSON FAY , SINN E.
Published: February 2016

Die Grenzen in der Anwendung der Mössbauer‐Quadrupol‐Aufspaltung in der Differentialanalyse von Fe(II) und Fe(III) in Komplexen mit starken Feldern werden untersucht.