bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sphingomonas paucimobilis an unusual cause of subdural empyema in pediatric: a case report
Authors: Annisa Muhyi  , Amalia Aswin
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Acute bacterial meningitis continues to be a neurological emergency with high mortality and morbidity

Case: We report the case of a pediatric patient with subdural empyema due to Sphingomonas paucimobilis. A 2-month-old infant developed fever, generalized seizures, and worsening general status.  He had a cough for two weeks, and a chest X-ray showed pneumonia. Laboratory tests reveal marked leukocytosis, a white blood cell count of 28.500/mL, and an elevated platelet level of 654.000 mg/dL. A computerized brain tomography revealed an empyema subdural. A cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed unclear fluid, revealed cell count 3560 cells, 90% mononuclear and 10% polymorphonuclear, red blood cell count of 0/mm3, protein of 370 mg/dL, and glucose of 35 mg/dL. His cerebrospinal fluid culture showed Sphingomonas paucimobilis sensitive to cephalosporin, levofloxacin, meropenem, imipenem, gentamycin, tobramycin and amikacin.  He was treated empirically with meropenem. The patient had a rapid recovery from the seventh day of treatment and was discharged on hospital day 14.

Conclusion: We highly recommend raising awareness about subdural empyema as a complication for acute bacterial meningitis caused by S. paucimobilis in community-acquired infection.
Stroke in pediatric: a review
Authors: Nugroho Danu  , Melinda  , Astarini Hidayah
Published: February 2022

Stroke in children was defined as the clinical and radiological manifestation of stroke, with radiological evidence of cerebral infarction or hemorrhage. Pediatric stroke can be divided into ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. The etiology is very different, and diagnostic procedures are often more in-depth to look for etiology. Stroke is classically characterized by acute focal neurologic deficits such as hemiplegia, speech, or gait disturbances; presentation is highly dependent on the child’s age and may be non-specific. When acute focal neurologic deficits are found in childhood, one should think about stroke until proven otherwise. There is no standard therapy based on a systematic review of a randomized clinical trial. Therapeutic recommendations are the consensus of experts, extrapolated from the recommendations for stroke therapy for the adult population. Understanding stroke in children is complicated because it has broad differential diagnosis, and complications that occur. Therefore, early recognition of childhood stroke by pediatricians is very important with the implementation of targeted and neuroprotective therapies.
AS CÔNICAS E SUAS CONSTRUÇÕES GEOMÉTRICAS
Authors: Silva Sarley de Araújo , Carvalho Josimauro Borges de
Published: February 2022

A Geometría das cónicas  está presente em diversas áreas do conhecimento, seja nas engenharías, nos elementos da natureza em objetos geométricos do cotidiano. O objetivo deste trabalho e confeccionar figuras geométricas com materiais concretos como recurso pedagógico a partir da definição, com o intuito de tornar mais significativa e presente as cônicas geométricas: parábola, elipse e hipérbole na sala de aula, valorizando os saberes anteriores dos educandos, proporcionando-lhes o raciocínio geométrico e matemático. Na realização desta temática foi utilizado o método dedutivo e a pesquisa-ação. Os resultados mostram que o uso de material concreto como recurso pedagógico facilita o processo de ensino e aprendizagem em geometria das cônicas promovendo o raciocínio e o desenvolvimento do aluno. Portanto, concluí-se que as atividades com materiais manipuláveis seguindo regras matemáticas contribui na construção do conhecimento.
The Fires, Asian, and Stratospheric Transport–Las Vegas Ozone Study (FAST-LVOS)
Authors: Langford Andrew O. , Senff Christoph J. , Alvarez II Raul J. , Aikin Ken C. , Baidar Sunil , Bonin Timothy A. , Brewer W. Alan , Brioude Jerome , Brown Steven S. , Burley Joel D. , Caputi Dani J. , Conley Stephen A. , Cullis Patrick D. , Decker Zachary C. J. , Evan Stéphanie , Kirgis Guillaume , Lin Meiyun , Pagowski Mariusz , Peischl Jeff , Petropavlovskikh Irina , Pierce R. Bradley , Ryerson Thomas B. , Sandberg Scott P. , Sterling Chance W. , Weickmann Ann M. , Zhang Li
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The Fires, Asian, and Stratospheric Transport–Las Vegas Ozone Study (FAST-LVOS) was conducted in May and June of 2017 to
study the transport of ozone (O3) to Clark County, Nevada, a marginal
non-attainment area in the southwestern United States (SWUS). This 6-week (20 May–30 June 2017) field campaign used lidar, ozonesonde, aircraft, and
in situ measurements in conjunction with a variety of models to characterize
the distribution of O3 and related species above southern Nevada and
neighboring California and to probe the influence of stratospheric
intrusions and wildfires as well as local, regional, and Asian pollution on surface
O3 concentrations in the Las Vegas Valley (≈ 900 m above sea level, a.s.l.). In this paper, we describe the FAST-LVOS campaign and present
case studies illustrating the influence of different transport processes on
background O3 in Clark County and southern Nevada. The companion paper
by Zhang et al. (2020) describes the use of the AM4 and GEOS-Chem global
models to simulate the measurements and estimate the impacts of transported
O3 on surface air quality across the greater southwestern US and
Intermountain West. The FAST-LVOS measurements found elevated O3 layers above Las Vegas on more than 75 % (35 of 45) of the sample days and show that entrainment of these layers contributed to mean 8 h average regional
background O3 concentrations of 50–55 parts per billion by volume
(ppbv), or about 85–95 µg m−3. These high background
concentrations constitute 70 %–80 % of the current US National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 70 ppbv (≈ 120 µg m−3 at 900 m a.s.l.) for the daily maximum 8 h average (MDA8) and will make attainment of the more stringent standards of 60 or 65 ppbv currently being considered
extremely difficult in the interior SWUS.
Limitations of assuming internal mixing between different aerosol species: a case study with sulfate geoengineering simulations
Authors: Visioni Daniele , Tilmes Simone , Bardeen Charles , Mills Michael , MacMartin Douglas G. , Kravitz Ben , Richter Jadwiga H.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Simulating the complex aerosol microphysical processes in a comprehensive Earth system model can be very computationally intensive; therefore many models utilize a modal approach, where aerosol size distributions are represented by observation-derived lognormal functions, and internal mixing between different aerosol species within an aerosol mode is often assumed. This approach has been shown to yield satisfactory results across a large array of applications, but there may be cases where the simplification in this approach may produce some shortcomings. In this work we show specific conditions under which the current approximations used in some modal approaches might yield incorrect answers. Using results from the Community Earth System Model v1 (CESM1) Geoengineering Large Ensemble (GLENS) project, we analyze the effects in the troposphere of a continuous increasing load of sulfate aerosols in the stratosphere, with the aim of counteracting the surface warming produced by non-mitigated increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations between 2020–2100. We show that the simulated results pertaining to the evolution of sea salt and dust aerosols in the upper troposphere are not realistic due to internal mixing assumptions in the modal aerosol treatment, which in this case reduces the size, and thus the settling velocities, of those particles and ultimately changes their mixing ratio below the tropopause. The unnatural increase of these aerosol species affects, in turn, the simulation of upper tropospheric ice formation, resulting in an increase in ice clouds that is not due to any meaningful physical mechanisms. While we show that this does not significantly affect the overall results of the simulations, we point to some areas where results should be interpreted with care in modeling simulations using similar approximations: in particular, in the evolution of upper tropospheric clouds when large amounts of sulfate are present in the stratosphere, as after a large explosive volcanic eruption or in similar stratospheric aerosol injection cases. Finally, we suggest that this can be avoided if sulfate aerosols in the coarse mode, the predominant species in these situations, are treated separately from other aerosol species in the model.
Comment on “Short-cut transport path for Asian dust directly to the Arctic: a case Study” by Huang et al. (2015) in Environ. Res. Lett.​​​​​​​
Authors: Ranjbar Keyvan , O'Neill Norm T. , Aboel-Fetouh Yasmin
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The suggestion of Huang et al. (2015) on the climatological-scale transport
of Asian dust to the Arctic appears to be an important and worthwhile
assertion. It is unfortunate that the authors undermined, to a certain
degree, the quality of that assertion by a misinterpretation of the critical
24 March 2010​​​​​​​ Arctic event (which was chosen by the authors to illustrate
their generalized, climatological-scale Arctic transport claim). They
attempted to characterize that key event using AERONET/AEROCAN retrievals
taken a day later and misinterpreted those largely cloud-dominated
retrievals as being representative of Asian dust while apparently not
recognizing that the coarse-mode aerosol optical depth retrievals on the previous day were actually coherent with their Arctic transport hypothesis.
Co-evolution of the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem in the Holocene Baltic Sea
Authors: Weiss Gabriella M. , Lattaud Julie , van der Meer Marcel T. J. , Eglinton Timothy I.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The Baltic Sea experienced changes in marine input throughout the Holocene as
substantial regional ice retreat led to isostatic adjustment, eustatic sea
level change, and periodic isolation from the North Sea. Here, we determine
the distributions and isotopic signatures of organic compounds preserved in a
sediment record spanning the last ∼11 kyr to reconstruct
environmental change under these dynamic conditions. Carbon and hydrogen
isotope ratios of short-, mid-, and long-chain n-alkanes, along with
long-chain diol and glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether abundances, were
analyzed in sediments sampled from the Arkona Basin in the southwestern Baltic
Sea. In the earlier part of the record (specifically 10–8.2 ka),
hydrogen isotope values of higher plant-derived n-alkanes revealed a change
in dominant water source from an ice-melt-derived to a precipitation-dominated
hydrological regime. Following this shift in water source, carbon isotope
values of n-alkanes suggest diversification of vegetation. Shifts in
hydrology and vegetation did not coincide with established phase boundaries
but instead occurred mid-phase or spanned phase transitions. For this reason,
we suggest describing the Ancylus Lake in two phases: a meltwater phase (10.6
to 9.2 ka) and a precipitation phase (9.2 to 7.7 ka). Our
results highlight the utility of using C and H isotope ratios in conjunction
with other compound abundance proxies to better understand the complex
environmental change recorded in paleoarchives.
Homogenized century-long surface incident solar radiation over Japan
Authors: Ma Qian , Wang Kaicun , He Yanyi , Su Liangyuan , Wu Qizhong , Liu Han , Zhang Youren
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Surface incident solar radiation (Rs) plays a key role in climate change on Earth. Rs can be directly measured, and it shows substantial variability on decadal scales, i.e. global dimming and brightening. Rs can also be derived from the observed sunshine duration (SunDu) with reliable accuracy. The SunDu-derived Rs has been used as a reference to detect and adjust inhomogeneity in the observed Rs. However, both the observed Rs and SunDu-derived Rs may have inhomogeneity. In Japan, SunDu has been measured since 1890, and Rs has been measured
since 1961 at ∼100 stations. In this study, the observed Rs and SunDu-derived Rs were first checked for inhomogeneity independently using the statistical software RHtests. If confirmed by the metadata of these observations, the detected inhomogeneity was adjusted based on the
RHtests quantile-matching method. Second, the two homogenized time series
were compared to detect further possible inhomogeneity. If confirmed by the
independent ground-based manual observations of cloud cover fraction, the
detected inhomogeneity was adjusted based on the reference dataset. As a
result, a sharp decrease of more than 20 W m−2 in the observed
Rs from 1961 to 1975 caused by instrument displacement was detected and adjusted. Similarly, a decline of about 20 W m−2 in SunDu-derived
Rs due to steady instrument replacement from 1985 to 1990 was detected and adjusted too. After homogenization, the two estimates of Rs agree well. The homogenized SunDu-derived Rs show an increased at a rate of 0.9 W m−2 per decade (p<0.01) from 1961 to 2014, which was
caused by a positive aerosol-related radiative effect (2.2 W m−2 per decade) and a negative cloud cover radiative effect (−1.4 W m−2 per decade). The brightening over Japan was the strongest in spring, likely due to a significant decline in aerosol transported from Asian dust storms. The observed raw Rs data and their homogenized time series used in this study are available at https://doi.org/10.11888/Meteoro.tpdc.271524 (Ma et al., 2021).
Computation of backwater effects in surface waters of lowland catchments including control structures – an efficient and re-usable method implemented in the hydrological open-source model Kalypso-NA (4.0)
Authors: Hellmers Sandra , Fröhle Peter
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Backwater effects in surface water streams and on
adjacent lowland areas caused by mostly complex drainage and flow control
structures are not directly computed with hydrological approaches yet. A
solution to this weakness in hydrological modelling is presented in this
article. The developed method enables transfer of discharges into water
levels and calculation of backwater volume routing along streams and adjacent
lowland areas by balancing water level slopes. The implemented and evaluated
method extends the application of hydrological models for rainfall–runoff
simulations of backwater-affected catchments with the advantages of (1)
modelling complex flow control systems in tidal backwater-affected lowlands,
(2) less effort to parameterise river streams, (3) directly defined input
factors of driving forces (climate change and urbanisation) and (4) runtime
reduction of 1 to 2 orders of magnitude in comparison to coupled
hydrodynamic models. The developed method is implemented in the open-source
rainfall–runoff model Kalypso-NA (4.0). Evaluation results show the
applicability of the model for simulating rainfall–runoff regimes and
backwater effects in an exemplary lowland catchment (Hamburg, Germany) with
a complex flow control system and where the drainage is influenced by a
tidal range of about 4 m. The proposed method is applicable to answer a wide
scope of hydrological and water management questions, e.g. water balances,
flood forecasts and effectiveness of flood mitigation measures. It is
re-usable to other hydrological numerical models, which apply conceptual
hydrological flood-routing approaches (e.g. Muskingum–Cunge or
Kalinin–Miljukov).
Integration-based extraction and visualization of jet stream cores
Authors: Bösiger Lukas , Sprenger Michael , Boettcher Maxi , Joos Hanna , Günther Tobias
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Jet streams are fast three-dimensional coherent air flows that interact with other atmospheric structures such as warm conveyor belts (WCBs) and the tropopause.
Individually, these structures have a significant impact on the midlatitude weather evolution, and the impact of their interaction is still a subject of research in the atmospheric sciences.
A first step towards a deeper understanding of the meteorological processes is to extract the geometry of jet streams, for which we develop an integration-based feature extraction algorithm. Thus, rather than characterizing jet core line purely as extremal line structure of wind magnitude, our core-line definition includes a regularization to favor jet core lines that align with the wind vector field.
Based on the line geometry, proximity-based filtering can automatically detect potential interactions between WCBs and jets, and results of an automatic detection of split and merge events of jets can be visualized in relation to the tropopause.
Taking ERA5 reanalysis data as input, we first extract jet stream core lines using an integration-based predictor–corrector approach that admits momentarily weak air streams. Using WCB trajectories and the tropopause geometry as context, we visualize individual cases, showing how WCBs influence the acceleration and displacement of jet streams, and how the tropopause behaves near split and merge locations of jets. Multiple geographical projections, slicing, as well as direct and indirect volume rendering further support the interactive analysis. Using our tool, we obtained a new perspective on the three-dimensional jet movement, which can stimulate follow-up research.
FEATURES OF HERITAGE BIM MODELING BASED ON LASER SCANNING DATA
Authors: Gorkovchuk J. , Gorkovchuk D.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. BIM modeling technologies are gradually becoming mandatory and necessary in a life cycle of a building or structure. The main difference between BIM and other types of design is the collection and comprehensive processing of all architectural, technological, economic, operational and other information about the building in a single informational environment. Moreover, all elements of the model are interconnected and interdependent, which ensures the maximum proximity of the model to the real situation. The advantages of BIM technology for cultural heritage sites are operational guidance and quality control of restoration and construction works, minimizing the probability of errors in projects, cost reduction and optimization at operation phase. Technological scheme of high-precision information modeling of cultural heritage objects includes data acquisition, modelling of structural elements and accumulation of attributive information in a specialized software environment, quality control, visualization. The data acquisition stage is based on analysis of existing data and documentation, executive surveys. For this purpose, terrestrial laser scanning is a perfect surveying tool due to its speed, accuracy, completeness of data and level of detail. The difficulty of determining the technical characteristics of the elements and their physical properties, can be partially solved with excessive information provided from laser scanning, and the complexity of modeling deformations and deviations, restricts the level of development and detail (LOD) of the BIM model but define use of mixed LOD (LOD200-500) for a cultural heritage object. The factors that determine the LOD of BIM modeling are: the current state of the object, surveying accessibility, availability of documentation etc. Considering such modeling features provides the creation of a informational model that determines the functionality of the object, in respect with its cultural, historical and architectural value.
Korelasi Salat dan Akhlak dengan Kedisiplinan Peserta Didik
Authors: Ilis Ai
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai pelaksanaan salat dan akhlak terhadap kedisiplinan peserta didik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana korelasi antara pelaksanaan salat dan akhlak dengan kedisiplinan di kalangan peserta didik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik SMP Negeri 2, SMP Negeri 4 dan SMP Negeri 21 Kota Samarinda tahun pelajaran 2017/2018, sejumlah 2.745 responden. Sampel yang diambil dengan teknik klaster berdasarkan letak daerahnya sebesar 96 peserta didik dengan menggunakan rumus Taro Yamane. Teknik pengumpulan data digunakan dengan teknik angket, dokumentasi dan observasi. Analisa data menggunakan analisis statistik dengan teknik regresi. Berdasarkan penelitian, pelaksanaan salat dan akhlak secara simultan memiliki korelasi yang kuat dengan kedisiplinan peserta didik. Melaksanakan salat dengan tepat waktu akan menumbuhkan kedisiplinan, begitupun dengan akhlak yang baik akan menumbuhkan kedisiplinanka. Oleh karena itu tegakkan salat dengan sebaik-baiknya dan terapkan akhlak yang baik dalam kehidupan.
Por uma Educação Física antirracista: o protagonismo da Ceafro de Vitória e de Cariacica no Espírito Santo
Authors: Monteiro Pamela Tavares , Anjos José Luiz dos
Published: February 2022

Este estudo analisa os programas educacionais étnico-raciais dos últimos dez anos nos municípios de Vitória e de Cariacica, no estado do Espírito Santo. Especificamente, analisa as ações e a sua efetividade e busca identificar a intervenção da Educação Física no contexto desses programas. A metodologia percorreu dois caminhos: a) estudos dos documentos institucionais com as propostas étnico-raciais; b) entrevista semiestruturada com os agentes da Comissão de Estudos Afro-Brasileiros (Ceafro) das Secretarias de Educação dos municípios supracitados. O estudo revelou que os elementos da cultura corporal não constituem instrumentos para a superação dos conflitos raciais no contexto escolar; existem estreitas relações entre a Ceafro e as instituições organizadas da sociedade; e os professores que aderem aos programas são militantes e/ou participantes nas causas étnico-raciais.
O que é agenciamento de políticas?
Authors: Savage Glenn C.
Published: February 2022

A teoria sobre agenciamento explodiu na pesquisa sobre políticas, especialmente entre os pesquisadores que trabalham na área de mobilidade e buscam aproveitar o potencial dessa abordagem para entender como as políticas se movem, mudam e se manifestam em contextos cada vez mais transnacionais. A ubiquidade do agenciamento, no entanto, nem sempre o torna preciso, sendo o conceito definido de forma variada e, às vezes, carente de força conceitual e poder explicativo. Este artigo busca conceituar e defender uma abordagem sobre o agenciamento para análise de políticas. Ao sintetizar os eixos centrais da literatura existente, identifica três fundamentos teóricos e conceituais centrais para uma abordagem sobre o “agenciamento de políticas”: (1) relações de exterioridade e emergência; (2) heterogeneidade, relacionalidade e fluxo; e (3) atenção ao poder, política e agência. Juntos, esses fundamentos sinalizam uma coerência para a teoria do agenciamento e sugerem uma abordagem com um poderoso potencial, permitindo que os pesquisadores vejam e expliquem as coisas de maneiras que muitas tradições estabelecidas na pesquisa de políticas não conseguem. Ao identificar os fundamentos e oferecer exemplos de como cada um pode ser mobilizado, o artigo fornece o início de um arcabouço teórico ainda não articulado de forma sistemática para a pesquisa sobre agenciamento de políticas, convidando, assim, a uma discussão mais aprofundada sobre o que significa realizar este tipo de trabalho.
Implications of constructivist theories in the reorientation of learning activities
Authors:   Institute of Educational Sciences, Republic of Moldova, Petrovschi Nina , Sbîrciu Călin ,   Ion Creanga Pedagogical State University of Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Published: February 2022

The articleexamines constructivist theoriesandtheirinfluences on thelearningprocess
Integrative Literature Review on Constipation Assessment Methods in Pediatric Cancer Patients
Authors: Strini Veronica , Prendin Angela
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Constipation is a common problem experienced by many pediatric cancer patients, as a side-effect of opioid therapy, chemotherapy drugs and lifestyle changes secondary to the disease process. Aim: The aim of this study is analyze the available knowledge on the constipation assessment methods in pediatric oncology to understand which ones are the advantages from each scale reported in the literature, and to find out if there is a shared method. Methods: An integrative review was performed. The electronic databases MEDLINE, CINHAL, and COCHRANE (The Cochrane Database) were searched for articles that explored assessment methods for constipation in pediatric cancer patients. Then both the bibliographies and related citations of the whole articles selected have been analyzed. There was no limitation by language or publication dates, but there was age limitation (Child: birth – 18 years) in PUBMED database. The literature search was performed in September 2020. Results: Seventeen articles have been selected, all in English. Seven of those were concerned with the pediatric population, while the other ten did not specify an age, relating to both adults and pediatrics alike. All the assessment methods proposed were compared, and those developed for pediatrics have been analyzed. Conclusion: What emerges from the review of the literature is the current lack of a shared method that allows for the assessment of constipation in pediatric oncology patients, there being, as yet no univocal and concurring opinions on the method for the evaluation of constipation. The review showed the need for further studies in this field to raise awareness and increase knowledge.
Predisposing Factors of Burnout in Nurses Working in Palliative Care Units An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Ventura Ana , Chaves Catarina , Guerreiro Inês , Carriço Jéni , Marques Magda , Laranjeira de Almeida Assunção
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Burnout is a multifactorial state of exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of personal fulfilment, frequent between nurses working in palliative care units due to daily physical and emotional demands. Therefore, it is relevant to identify which factors predispose burnout in order to elaborate strategies to prevent and overcome this syndrome. Aim: Identify which factors predispose burnout among nurses working in Palliative Care Units. Methodology: This Integrative Literature Review is based on the detailed analysis of a set of publications relevant to the research field 10, promoting Evidence-Based Practice. The research question which undertook the study is “What are the predisposing factors to burnout among nurses working in Palliative Care Units?”. To answer this the inclusion criteria defined were “articles published between January 2010 and December 2020” and “articles in Portuguese, Spanish and English” and the exclusion criteria were “systematic literature reviews and integrative literature reviews”, “articles that do not address the topic under study” and “paid articles or that do not allow access to the full text”. Results: The predisposing factors were grouped in 4 dimensions. Within the personal factors, reduced personal satisfaction, quality of life and self-care were identified; within the sociodemographic factors, age over 50, living alone and not having children; within the professional factors, unsatisfactory work situation, non-effective communication, having conflicts with coworkers and patients and night shifts; within the institutional factors, low salary, inadequate physical environment and unsatisfaction with leadership, management and supervision. Conclusions: The predisposing factors were grouped into dimensions that affect nurses’ quality of life. Its’ early recognition allows to act preventively, reducing the burnout incidence.
BAOD: Budget-Aware Object Detection
Authors: Pardo Alejandro , Xu Mengmeng , Thabet Ali , Arbelaez Pablo , Ghanem Bernard
Published: February 2022

We study the problem of object detection from a novel perspective in which annotation budget constraints are taken into consideration, appropriately coined Budget Aware Object Detection (BAOD). When provided with a fixed budget, we propose a strategy for building a diverse and informative dataset that can be used to optimally train a robust detector. We investigate both optimization and learning-based methods to sample which images to annotate and what type of annotation (strongly or weakly supervised) to annotate them with. We adopt a hybrid supervised learning framework to train the object detector from both these types of annotation. We conduct a comprehensive empirical study showing that a handcrafted optimization method outperforms other selection techniques including random sampling, uncertainty sampling and active learning. By combining an optimal image/annotation selection scheme with hybrid supervised learning to solve the BAOD problem, we show that one can achieve the performance of a strongly supervised detector on PASCAL-VOC 2007 while saving 12.8% of its original annotation budget. Furthermore, when 100% of the budget is used, it surpasses this performance by 2.0 mAP percentage points.
Existence results for perturbed fourth-order Kirchhoff type elliptic problems with singular term
Authors: Ghazvehi Ahmad , Afrouzi Ghasem A.
Published: February 2022

Under appropriate growth conditions on the nonlinearity, the existence of multiple solutions for a perturbednonlocal fourth-order Kirchhoff-type problem involving the Hardy term:$$\Delta_p ^2 u-\big[M(\int_{\Omega}|\nabla u|^{p}dx)\big]^{p-1}\Delta_{p}u-\mu\frac{|u|^{p-2}u}{|x|^{2p}}= \lambda f(x,u),$$is established. Our main tools are based on variational methods and some critical pointstheorems. We give some examples to illustrate the obtained results.
On a class of Ikeda-Nakayama rings
Authors: El Maalmi Mourad , Mouanis Hakima
Published: February 2022

In this work we introduce the notion of P-Ikeda-Nakayama rings (\P-IN-rings") which is in some way a generalization of the notion of IkedaNakayama rings (\IN-rings"). Then, we study the transfer of this property to trivial ring extension, localization, homomorphic image and to the direct product.
Complexity analysis of interior point methods for convex quadratic programming based on a parameterized Kernel function
Authors: Boudjellal Nawel , Roumili Hayet , Benterki Djamel
Published: February 2022

The kernel functions play an important role in the amelioration of the computational complexity of algorithms. In this paper, we present a primal-dual interior-point algorithm for solving convex quadratic programming based on a new parametric kernel function. The proposed kernel function is not logarithmic and not self-regular. We analysis a large and small-update versions which are based on a new kernel function. We obtain the best known iteration bound for large-update methods, which improves signicantly the so far obtained complexity results. Thisresult is the rst to reach this goal.
A maximization algorithm of pseudo-convex quadratic functions
Authors: Jabri Youssef , Jaddar Abdessamad , Taj Mourad
Published: February 2022

We give an algorithm to find maxima of pseudo-convex quadratic functions on closed convex sets and show its  convergence.  Some computational results are given at the end.
DİJİTAL DÖNÜŞÜM VE DENETİMİN GELECEĞİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: KÖSE Hacı Ömer , POLAT Nihan
Published: February 2022

Bir paradigma değişimi ve teknolojik devrim olarak nitelenen dijital dönüşüm, birçok alanda olduğu gibi denetimde de köklü bir değişimi kaçınılmaz kılmakta ve önemli
fırsatlar sunmaktadır. Denetim metodolojisinin, yaklaşımlarının, standartlarının yeniden şekillenmesini gerektiren dijital dönüşüm, denetime tabi kurumların da yönetim ve bilgi
sistemlerini, iş yapma yöntemlerini ve üretimden iletişime kadar tüm süreçlerini büyük ölçüde etkileyecektir. Dolayısıyla denetimin geleneksel teknoloji, yapı ve süreçler üzerinden
yürütülmesi ve mali tablolara güvence vermek gibi klasik amaçlarla yetinmesi mümkün olmayacaktır. Yeni dijital teknolojilerle daha hızlı, verimli ve etkin yürütülecek denetimlerin
kurumlara kattığı değer ve bunun da ötesinde ulusal yönetişim kapasitesine ve mali ve ekonomik istikrara katkısı önemli ölçüde artacaktır. Bu çalışma, yeni dijital teknolojilerin
denetimi ne ölçüde dönüştürebileceğini mevcut literatür üzerinden analiz ederek, denetim kurumlarının daha yüksek katma değer üretme koşullarını ve dijital çözümler üzerine
kurulu geleceğin dünyasında denetimin rolünü değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Intercultural Managerial Ability and Leadership: Challenges, Controversies, and Prospects
Authors: Andrikopoulos Vasilios
Published: February 2022

This study attempted to present, conceptualize and recontextualize intercultural managerial ability and leadership through the examination of the relevant discourse on the topic. Data analysis revealed that the two concepts are inextricably linked to each other constituting a holistic approach to school managers and leaders’ performing their tasks successfully in intercultural settings. Moreover, the numerous challenges posed, and the prospects arisen were discussed and analyzed, so as to shed light to the dimensionality and differentiation that characterize the multiple models of intercultural competence along with managerial and leadership skills having to be nurtured, maintained as well as upgraded through initial and continuous professional development upon preparation of new, potential and proactive school leaders. In a nutshell, the present study enriches our understanding about managerial ability and leadership that is to be exercised in an intercultural school context, giving impetus to other studies in this field.
Distance teaching and learning of physics. „Oscillations and oscillatory phenomena" section
Authors:   Ion Creanga Pedagogical State University, Republic of Moldova, Balmus Nicolae , Andronic Ion ,   Centrul de Tehnologii Informaționale și Comunicare în Educație „ProIntelect”, Republica Moldova, Tincu Radu ,   Centrul de Tehnologii Informaționale și Comunicare în Educație „ProIntelect”, Republica Moldova
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the authors propose for the educational system a version of an interactive digital textbook in the chapter „Oscillations and oscillating phenomena". Interactivity is provided by about 28 virtual experiments and laboratory works. The textbook is provided for teaching - learning this chapter both in classes and at distance. The advantages of the interactive digital textbook over the classic printed textbook are shown. There are given examples of studying the oscillations and their composition on the computer. The proposed applications are created based on a scientific (mathematical) model and allow measurements, which give virtual experiments a finality.
The First-Century Inscription of Quintus Sulpicius Maximus: An Initial Catalog of Lexical Parallels with the New Testament
Authors: Wright Brian J.
Published: February 2022

This study is an examination of a first-century funerary monument. The study begins by describing the monument, supplying the bilingual inscription, and offering an English translation. From there, the study examines the monument in relation to the NT by way of lexical parallels. I argue that the broad lexical overlap between this inscription and the NT enhances our understanding of lexicography in the first century AD, while possibly shedding light on many important words, passages, and larger portions of the canonical NT. By offering a modest collection of parallels, this study also highlights the importance of incorporating additional types of evidence for understanding the socioreligious environment during the time of the NT.
Did Jehu Destroy Baal from Israel? A Contextual Reading of Jehu's Revolt
Authors: King Andrew M.
Published: February 2022

2 Kings 10:28 says unequivocally, “and so Jehu destroyed Baal from Israel.” This declaration has factored significantly into several reconstructions of Israelite religion in the 9th-8th centuries BCE. Some scholars argue that an established Baal cult was wholly absent from Israel following Jehu's purge. These scholars must then reinterpret the Baal polemics of Hos 2 as indicating something other than religious defection. This approach, however, misses important contextual data when considered within a broader ancient Near Eastern setting. This article argues that the Jehu narrative employs several stereotyped motifs present in Assyrian Royal Inscriptions (divine election, characterization of the enemy, chaos vs. order, exaggerated rhetoric and violence) as an understood means of legitimizing Jehu's reign. When these factors are identified, the rhetorical nature of the biblical author's language comes into focus. Thus, a face-value reading misses important textual indicators. Though Jehu dealt a major blow to the established Baal cult in the 9th century BCE, the language of the text accounts for its continuation.
The Past as Threat and Hope: Reading Joshua with Numbers
Authors: Wray Beal Lissa M.
Published: February 2022

In the narrative of the Transjordanian altar in Josh 22, a perceived threat against Israel is presented and overcome. The chapter is literarily connected to Num 13–14 and 32. While historical-critical methods might attribute such connections to a Priestly source, this article works with the canonical text and a literary method to explore these intertextual connections. Extending the exploration throughout the book of Joshua, it demonstrates these literary resonances contribute to significant themes in Joshua. This article addresses two questions: how Num 13–14 and 32 shape the message of Josh 22 and the book's epilogue (chs. 22–24) and whether Num 13–14 and 32 function similarly in Joshua as they do in Numbers. It concludes that Num 13–14 and 32 profoundly shape the message of Josh 22 and Joshua's epilogue, showing Israel's future is open to hope of promises fulfilled, as well as the possibility of failure and sin.
How Facilitating Trade would Benefit Trade in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Seck Abdoulaye
Published: February 2022

Despite a significant trade expansion that has been above the world average in the recent period, Sub-Saharan Africa still remains relatively marginalized in the world trading system. This paper sets out to analyze the extent to which various elements of the trade cost landscape in the sub-continent may have contributed to shape trade patterns both within the region and with the outside world. Different trade facilitation measures such as border efficiency, physical infrastructure, regulatory environment, information and communication technology, and the World Bank's Logistics Performance Index are related to bilateral trade flows in a gravity framework. The study finds, based on the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood estimation, that raising (raising) the quality of the trading environment of (the subcontinent) the sub-continent to the level of the world average would generate significant export gains that amount to reducing bilateral geographical distance by between 1.7 to 10.1 percent or cutting ad valorem tariff by between 1.4 and 10.2 percentage-points. The extent of the gains varies greatly across the trade facilitation measures, commodity sectors, export destinations, as well as which trading partner undertakes the corresponding reforms. These results offer a strong basis for designing targeted trade facilitation reforms that would improve Africa's international trade position in the wake of the recent success of WTO's trade negotiations.
The Comparative African Economics of Inclusive Development and Military Expenditure in Fighting Terrorism
Authors: Asongu Simplice , Tchamyou Vanessa , Asongu Ndemaze , Tchamyou Nina
Published: February 2022

This study investigates the role of inclusive human development and military expenditure in fighting terrorism in 53 African countries for the period 1998-2012. The empirical evidence is based on contemporary, non-contemporary and instrumental variable Fixed Effects regressions. Inclusive development is not a sufficient condition for the fight against terrorism whereas military expenditure can be effectively employed to mitigate the phenomenon. Significant negative effects are established only when endogeneity is accounted for by means of non-contemporary and instrumental-variables approaches. Hence, the policy effectiveness of employed tools is contingent on whether they are engaged proactively (i.e. non-contemporarily) or not. From the findings, the propensity of military expenditure to fight transnational terrorism is higher in: (i) middle income countries vis-à-vis their low income counterparts; (ii) oil-rich countries compared to oil-poor countries and (iii) Christian-dominated countries vis-à-vis their Islam-oriented counterparts. Furthermore military expenditure is also more effective at combating domestic and transnational terrorism in: (i) North African countries vis-à-vis their sub-Saharan Africa counterparts; (ii) landlocked countries compared to countries that are open to the sea and (iii) politically-stable countries vis-à-vis their politically-unstable counterparts. Contributions to the comparative economics are discussed. Practical and theoretical contributions are also provided.
The Cost Effectiveness of Family Planning Services in Uganda
Authors: Ssewanyana Sarah , Kasirye Ibrahim
Published: February 2022

Although Uganda has devoted an increasing amount of resources to health interventions, funding for reproductive health services as well as general health sector remains inadequate. This study examines the cost effectiveness of four family planning interventions, namely, oral contraception, female sterilization, injectables, and condoms. Using the 2006 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey and the Uganda National Household Survey data we estimate cost effectiveness ratios in relation to the number of births averted for women aged 15-49 years. We find that only one out of five women using some form of contraceptive and a quarter of the women using contraceptives rely on traditional methods that are less effective in preventing child births. With regard to efficiency, we find that injectables are the most cost effective intervention. Nonetheless, we do not recommend solely targeting women in the reproductive age category with this particular method of contraception without due regard to differences in physiology and socioeconomic characteristics.
Household Economic Well-being and Child Health in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Mwisha-Kasiwa Janvier
Published: February 2022

This paper investigates the effects of economic wellbeing of households on child health in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) using data from the Demographic and Health Survey for 2014. A series of econometric tools are used to estimate the effects. The control function approach is shown to be the most appropriate estimation method. The results show that an increase in household economic wellbeing reduces child malnutrition. It is also found that younger children are more likely to be underweight, and that birth weight is a significant determinant of nutritional status up to age five. The main policy implication of the paper is that creation of jobs and other economic opportunities would enhance child health in DRC via improvements in living conditions.
Determinants of Neonatal and Under-five Mortality in Kenya: Do Antenatal and Skilled Delivery Care Services Matter?
Authors: Machio Phyllis Mumia
Published: February 2022

Kenya lags behind its East Africa partners in reducing childhood mortality. Childhood mortality can be prevented or reduced if women have access to quality care during conception, pregnancy, and in intra-partum and post-natal periods. In Kenya, few women use adequate antenatal care services and many still deliver at home. Using the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey data, this study investigates the effects of adequate use of antenatal and skilled delivery care services on neonatal and under-five mortality. Two-stage residual inclusion and control function approaches are used. The main finding is that adequate antenatal care and skilled assistance during delivery reduce neonatal and under-five mortality. Thus, policies that promote use of maternal health services such as increasing women's education and reducing average distances to health facilities should be implemented.
Persistence of Child Malnutrition in Malawi: Explanations from Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Kumchulesi Grace
Published: February 2022

Although improvement of children's nutrition in Malawi has long been a key policy issue, child malnutrition problem in the country remains serious. This paper set out to understand why child malnutrition in Malawi has remained persistently high over the years. The study focuses on child stunting and underweight. Datasets from Malawi's DHS for 1992, 2000, 2004 and 2010 were used to investigate this problem. The main finding is that stunting was most prevalent in 2000 and 2004 but child underweight was prominent throughout the period. The reason for this persistence is that the factors that contribute to child malnutrition did not change significantly since 1992. Policies that can change this situation are suggested.
A Model for Gender Analysis with Informal Production and Financial Sectors
Authors: Bayraktar Nihal , Fofack Hippolyte
Published: February 2022

This paper presents an Overlapping Generations Model of economic development for gender and growth analysis in a low-income country environment. In addition to the formal sector the model considers informal production, which in the absence of barriers to entry, accounts for an increasingly large share of aggregated output in Sub-Saharan Africa. The model also accounts for financial market imperfections and its disproportionately larger adverse effects on women's access to credit. Policy experiments derived from an application of the model to Burkina Faso yield interesting results. In particular, a reduction in the cost of borrowing, increased women's bargaining power and higher public spending on education are growth-enhancing. Empirical evidence from the model shows that these policies are also welfare-enhancing and growth-inclusive as they tend to narrow gender gaps in economic well-being and strengthen women's economic empowerment.
Gender Inequality and Access to Microfinance: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Mannah-Blankson Theresa
Published: February 2022

This paper draws on the qualitative and quantitative evidence from a dataset generated from a survey of 499 households in Ghana to explore the implications of access to microfinance for the gender asset gaps. Two sets of statistical analysis are undertaken. The first is a cross-sectional regression analysis that examines the importance of microfinance for intra-household gender wealth inequality. The second uses the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method to examine the gaps in wealth between female-headed and male-headed households. The results show that higher access to microfinance is associated with lower gender asset gaps within and across households. The evidence suggests that targeting credit to financially constrained households, and in particular to women, can contribute to reducing poverty and gender inequality.
Hearing Voices: Reading the Gospels in the Echo Chamber of Scripture
Authors: Thompson Marianne Meye
Published: February 2022

This essay engages Richard Hays's recent monograph, Echoes of Scripture in the Gospels, through three sets of questions regarding the book's method, its utilization of the category “divine identity” in portrayals of Jesus in the Gospels, and its minimal appeal to Jewish interpretive traditions in sketching the Gospels' readings of OT Scripture. First, given that the book locates the “hermeneutical lens” from which the Gospels' use of the OT is considered in varying places, including with the original author, the first readers, and the contemporary reader, one may ask whether there are stable criteria for adjudicating between good and bad readings. Second, Hays's characterization of Jesus in terms of “divine identity”—a phrase introduced by Richard Bauckham into discussion of NT Christology but here employed somewhat differently—raises questions about its meaning and utility. Finally, although Hays acknowledges the existence of other first-century interpretive traditions, he less frequently engages them, leading one to question whether he has adequately described the “encyclopedia of production” of the Gospels or the “encyclopedia of reception” of their initial readers.