bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Bio, Nano and Conventional Fertilizers on the Growth Features of a French Black Grape Variety
Authors: Al-Waeli Nour Hamid Jaafar , Al-Janabi Ali Saeed Attia
Published: December 2023

A French black grape cultivar was tested in a Babylon province/Al-Hamzah Al-Gharbi district private orchard using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) three-factor factorial configuration. The first is applying biofertilizer, which includes Bacillus megaterium and Mycorrhiza glomus fungus, to the soil at two concentrations (0 and 10 ml L-1), the second is applying liquid organic fertilizer at three concentrations (0, 15, and 30 ml L-1), and the third is applying organic fertilizer via foliar spraying. Nanofluid concentrations will be 0.1 and 3 ml L-1 in 2020 and 2021. Most biofertilization vegetative growth metrics showed that excelled in the leaf area per cluster was 9.42 cm cluster-1 in both seasons, while organic nano-fertilization at 3 ml L-1 boosted most vegetative growth indicators. Most vegetative development metrics responded significantly to bidirectional research parameter interactions, the bi-interaction between organic nano-fertilizer at a concentration of 3 ml L-1 and organic fertilizer at a concentration of 30 ml L-1 significantly affected the leaf area, the total leaf area, and the leaves’ content of total chlorophyll. 10 ml L-1 biofertilizer and 30 ml L-1 organic fertilizer achieved the heist values in leaf area, total leaf area, and leaf content. The interaction between the bio fertilizer at a dosage of 10 ml L-1 and the organic nano fertilizer at a concentration of 3 ml L-1 considerably altered the content of total chlorophyll in leaves.
Effect of Spraying with Humic Acid and Active Yeast Suspension on the Growth Indicators and Active Substances of Calendula officinalis L.
Authors: Essaa Wageeha M.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of spraying C. officinalis L. with Humic acid and active yeast suspension on growth indicators for both the vegetative and floral stages of development. Humic acid was sprayed on the plants in varying quantities (0, 2, or 4 g) in a factorial experiment with 9 treatments (two factors overlapped). and a suspension of live yeast at 3, 6, or 0 mg/L-1, and the treatment consisted of three sprays, with a 15-day gap between each application. Using a Factorial Experiment with three replicates and three plants per experimental unit, I compared means at the 5% probability level using the Revised Least Significant Differences (R.L.S.D.) test. The most significant findings, in her opinion, are as follows: Humic acid spraying at a dosage of 4 mg/L-1. While this concentration greatly slowed flowering, L-1 significantly increased plant height, number of lateral branches, percentage of dry matter of shoot, number of flowers, number of petals, flower diameter, flower stand length, and percentage of dry matter in flowers. The greatest concentration, 6 mg.L-1, was achieved through spraying with an active yeast suspension. Although this concentration greatly slowed flowering enhanced plant height, lateral branching, leaf count, flower count, petal count, flower diameter, and floral dry matter percentage. There was a statistically significant impact on all attributes measured by the binary interactions.
Response of Rose Growth and Flowering to NPK and Potassium Silicates Application and Spraying with Magnesium
Authors: Jawad Rana Moussa , Khalil Nazik H.
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted in a lath house, Dept. Of Hort. and Landscape, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Univ. Baghdad, Al-Jadriya during 2022 growing season to investigate influence of mineral fertilizers NPK, potassium silicate and spraying with magnesium (Disper Mg) on some vegetative growth characteristics and flowering of one year’s old of Wiener Charme rose cultivar. Factors of study experiment included addition of two levels of mineral fertilizers NPK (without addition (C0) and 5 g.transplant-1 (C100), while potassium silicate was added with three levels; without added (S0), adding at 200 mg.L-1 (S200) and adding at 300 mg.L-1 (S300), As for magnesium fertilizer treatments, they were sprayed in three levels (0, 7.5, and 15 g.L-1), which are denoted by symbols M0, M7.5, and M15, respectively. Treatments were replicated three times (four plants in experimental unit) at factorial experiment in a RCBD and thus number of plants used was 216 plants. The experimental results showed that chemical fertilizers at 5 g.L-1(C100) significantly increased in plant height of 16.24 cm, leaf nitrogen content of 1.287 %, leaf phosphor content of 0.349 %, flowers number of 17.64 flower.plant-1 and floral stem length of 20.33 cm. Results also showed that potassium silicate application, showed significant superiority in increased in plant height of 18.66 cm, leaf nitrogen content of 1.286 %, leaf phosphor content of 0.374 %, flowers number of 17.25 flower.plant-1 and floral stem length of 20.04 cm. Magnesium spray especially spraying at 15 g.L-1 excelled in increasing of plant height of 16.07 cm, leaf nitrogen content of 1.289 %, leaf phosphor content of 0.367 %, flowers number of 17.08 flower.plant-1 and floral stem length of 20.62 cm. Twice and triple interactions between study factors significantly affected in all studied traits.
Molecular and Phenotypic Markers from Many Okra Genotypes were Used to Estimate the Genetic and Phenotypic Distances
Authors: Habib Maha M. , Al-Jubouri Kadhim D. H.
Published: December 2023

The experiment was conducted in the spring of 2021 in an open field in the Al-Mahmudiya district/Baghdad to study the genetic and phenotypic distance of a number of genotypes in okra using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and three replications. As replication contained 18 genotypes of okra, distributed randomly on 18 experimental units, with ten cultivars giving the symbols (O1-O10) and eight hybrids giving the symbols (O11-O18), and at the third true leaf Samples were taken from (18 genotypes) extract DNA and the ISSR method was used to estimate the genetic distance, and the plants agricultural service operations continued and traits of vegetative, flowering and yield growth of genotypes were studied to study the phenotypic distance between them. The results of the genetic distance based on ISSR technology demonstrated that there is a genetic distance between the genotypes of okra under study, with the highest genetic distance between the two genotypes O6 and O15 reaching 0.735. The O6 cultivar displayed a high genetic distance with the most of the other genotypes, as the O10 cultivar which displayed a high genetic distance with most of the other genotypes, which advises plant breeders to use them to create development single hybrids. The hybrids O11, O12, O13, O14, O15, O16, and O17 also demonstrated a high genetic distance with the cultivars O6, O7, O8, O9, and O10, which plant breeders can use it in breeding program to development three-way hybrids. The ISSR results divided into two groups A and B in the genetic Cluster dendogram. the findings of the statistical analysis of the phenotypic variables also revealed that there were significant differences between the genotypes in the measured traits. As the O4 cultivar produced the greatest values for plant height and leaf number, flowers number, pods number (169 pods ) and pod set percentage, The O10 cultivar produced the highest pod weight (5.29 g) and yield per plant (691 g), and the results of the genetic distance based on phenotypic traits demonstrated that there is a phenotypic distance between the genotypes, with the two genotypes O10 and O15 exhibiting the highest genetic distance based on phenotypic traits (371.96 ).as The genotypes were divided into two groups within the cluster analysis depended on phenotypic traits.
The Impact of Spraying Marine Algae Extract, Arginine, and Brassinolide on Vegetative Growth Traits of Albion Strawberry Saplings
Authors: Al-Ealayawi Zeyad A. , Al-Dulaimy Ahmed F. Z.
Published: December 2023

The study was done in two plastic greenhouses. The first location was the University of Anbar College of Agriculture research station. The second site was in Dolab village during the 2022-2023 growing season to study the effects of spraying Albion strawberry seedlings with marine algae extract, amino acid (arginine), and growth regulator (Brassinolide) in protected environments. The experiment looked at three things: spraying with marine algae extract at 2 and 4 ml L-1, the amino acid “arginine” at 100 and 200 mg L-1, and the growth regulator “Brassinolide” at 0.05 and 0.10 mg L-1, as well as just spraying with distilled water. A randomized full-block design was used for a three-factor factorial experiment. The experiment has 27 treatments in three blocks, with five plants per unit. The experiment utilized 405 plants per location. The means were compared using the least significant difference (LSD) test at 5% significance. The data was examined using Genstat. All growth characteristics were significantly affected by seaweed extract spraying. The characteristics (number of leaves, leaf area, crowns, dry weight of the vegetative system, leaf chlorophyll, and carbohydrate content) performed best at 4 ml/L. The results were 69.0 and 72.0 leaves plant-1, 59.16 and 56.79 cm2 plant-1, 7.02 and 6.64 crowns plant-1, 32.40 and 24.96 g, 13.15 and 12.67 g, 11.13 mg g-1, 13.82 and 12.83%). However, spraying with arginine affected all sapling development parameters. With the 200 mg L-1 treatment, the study sites had the most leaves, the most leaf area, the most crowns, and the most vegetative dry weight (68.1 and 70.7 leaves per plant, 59.39 and 57.61 cm2 per plant, 6.67 and 6.25 crowns per plant, 32.21 and 24.72 g). The best leaf chlorophyll and carbohydrate values were obtained with 100 mg L-1 arginine. The results for both research locations were 11.68 and 10.69 mg g-1, 13.91 and 12.53%). Spraying Brassinolide at 0.10 mg L-1 produced the greatest results for leaf number, leaf area, crowns, vegetative dry weight, leaf chlorophyll, and glucose content. The first and second sites had (68.1 and 70.7 leaves plant-1, 58.95 and 56.23 cm2 plant-1, 6.62 and 6.27 crowns plant-1, 31.20 and 24.20 g, 11.87 and 10.71 mg g-1, 13.30 and 12.10%).
Evaluation of Cotton Genotypes Through the Selection Index Technique
Authors: Omar Abdullah Moayad , Al-Zubaidy Khalid Mohammed Dawod , Al-Taweel Muhammed Subhi
Published: December 2023

Eight upland cotton genotypes introduced from different origins (BA440, FLASH, EDESSA, SPERO, IK259, W888, MONTANA and CANDIA) in addition to the two local cultivars (Coker 310 and Lachata) were cultivated on April 22 and 23, 2022 in the Rahmaniyah region at levels (0, 1, 2, and 3 g/liter). l) of nano-chelated NPK 20-20-20 under drip irrigation conditions, and using a randomized complete block design with three replications, in order to evaluate it by creating multiple selection indices and to estimate the expected increase in seed cotton yield. The results of the analysis of variance for the studied traits (seed cotton yield, plant height, number of fruiting per plant, number of bolls per plant, average boll weight, seed index, and lint index) showed that the mean square of genotypes and levels of nano-fertilizer and their interaction was highly significant for all traits except seed index in case of nano-fertilizer levels. The selection index that included the two traits of plant height and number of bolls per plant was characterized by a high increase in efficiency compared to direct selection of the seed cotton yield, indicating the importance of selection by adopting the selection index for several traits. This selection index in the current study was considered the best due to its high efficiency, and by adopting it in evaluating the genotypes, it was found that the highest mean of the index was 7.689 for the CANDIA genotype, with a significant difference from most other genotypes, followed by the FLASH and BA440 genotypes. The sequence of local varieties adopted in the study (Coker 310 and Lachata) in terms of performance was 10 and 7, respectively. It appeared that six introduced genotypes were superior to the best local cultivars (Lachata), and all introduced genotypes were higher than the least performing local variety (Coker 310).
Chemotaxonomy Significant in Delimitation of Six Taxa of Euphorbia L. in Iraq
Authors: Jassim Adil Humood , Al-Newani Hadeel Radawi Hussein
Published: December 2023

Six taxa of Euphorbia L. (E. hirta L., E. milii var. milii, E. milii cv. White, E. prostrata Aiton, E. hypericifolia L. and E. serpens Kunth) collected from different location in Baghdad were extracted and the phytochemical screening of hexane crude extracts of six taxa of Euphorbia revealed that the most distributed phytochemical compounds were saponins in all taxa except E. prostrata, however, alkaloids have been reported in E. hypericifolia, E. milii cv. White and E. milii var. milii, on the other hand, glycosides have been stated in E. prostrata and E. serpens. Flavonoids and phenols have been noticed in E. serpens only, while terpenes and tannins found in E. prostata and E. hirta respectively. However, the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum of methanol extract of six taxa of Euphorbia analysis explained the presence of twenty seven different chemical compounds and two new terpenoids (trans-Geranylgeraniol and Squalene) from E. milii cv. White. Agglomerative Hierarchical cluster analysis (AHC) stated close chemical relations between all the studied species, the first group comprises E. hirta and E. hypericifolia showed close relationship due to the presence of natural compounds as fatty acids, esters and aromatic alcohols However, E. prostata and E. serpens were close correlated in one group together which characterized by presence of phenols, esters and fatty acids. The anthor group contains E. milli var. milli and E. milli cv. White characterized by the abundance of di- and tri-terpenoids in addition to other natural chemical products.
Response of Growth and Forage Yield of some Oat (Avena sativa L.) Cultivars to Nitrogen Spraying and Cutting Time
Authors: Yahya Ahmed M. , Abood Nihad M.
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted during winter season of 2021-2022 at the Field Crops research station - College of Agriculture - University of Anbar to study the response of growth characteristics and forage yield for some oats cultivars under the influence of nitrogen spraying and cutting times. A split-split plots arrangement according to randomized complete block design at three replications was used. The results showed that the nitrogen spraying had a significant effect on all studied traits, as the spraying of nitrogen at a concentration of 6 g N L-1 recorded the highest means of plant height (63.03 cm), stem diameter, number of leaves per plant and green forage yield (64.43 ton ha-1). The mowing dates had a significant effect on the studied traits, as the mowing date after 60 days of planting achieved the highest means of plant height (74.34 cm) and green forage yield (73.87 ton ha-1). The cultivars was significantly differed in the studied traits, as the Carlop cultivar gave a highest green forage yield (58.11 tons ha-1). The di-interactions and tri-interaction between studied factors had a significant effect on the most studied traits.
Effect of Seed Priming Duration with Bio-Stimulator (Appetizer) on Germination Characteristics and Seedling Emergence of Sorghum
Authors: Saudi A. H. , Al-Rawi Adawiya.Sajid.Mustafa.
Published: December 2023

Two factorial experiments were conducted. One of them was laboratory experiment which was carried out at the Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering Sciences College, University of Baghdad during 2023. The other was conducted at the lath house with used the pots during spring season of 2023. The aim was to investigate the effect of seed priming duration with bio-stimulator (Appetizer) on germination characteristics and seedling emergence of Sorghum. The design of Lab. experiment was (CRD) while for the other experiment was (RCBD) with four replications. Each experiment consisted of two factors. The first factor included seeds priming treatments with bio-stimulator (Appetizer) concentrations (1, 2 and 3) ml l-1 and seeds soaking in distilled water, in addition to unsoaked seeds treatment (dry seed). The second factor was included seeds priming periods that is (8,16 and 24) h in room temperature. The results of Laboratory experiment showed that sorghum seeds primed with appetizer concentrations 3 ml l-1 gave highest averages of germination percentage in the first count, germination percentage in the final count, radical length, plumule length, seedling dry weight and seedling vigour index. While the comparision treatment (dry seed) gave the lowest averages for these characteristics and the priming period (24h) gave highest averages of germination percentage in the first count, germination percentage in the final count, radical length, plumule length, seedling dry weight and seedling vigour index. The results showed that iteration between the factors (seeds priming treatments with Appetizer and seed priming duration ) has significant effect in most characterstics. The results of pots experiment showed that sorghum seeds primed with appetizer concentrations 3 ml l-1 gave highest averages of emergence percentage in the first count and emergence percentage in the final count. The priming period (24h) gave highest averages of emergence percentage in the first count and emergence percentage in the final count.
Study of some Physiological and Molecular Indicators of Bread Wheat Treated with Colchicine
Authors: Al-Khalidi Noor Abdul Wahid Kazem , Al-Burki Fouad Razzaq
Published: December 2023

During the winter agricultural season of 2022-2023, a field experiment was carried out in the Al-Basatin Al-Sharqiya, located 4 km away from the center of Al-Muthanna governorate. The objective of this study was to investigate various anatomical and genetic parameters of wheat varieties under the influence of the mutagenic alkaloid colchicine at concentrations of 0, 250, 500, and 750 mg L-1. The study employed a split plot design with three replications. The main plots consisted of different concentrations of the colchicine compound, while the secondary plots comprised four varieties (Ibaa99, Mawadah, Bohuth 22, Babel). The statistical analysis yielded significant variations in the anatomical and molecular traits among the cultivars. Notably, the cultivar Mawada demonstrated superior performance in terms of stoma density on the upper leaf surface, with an average of 118.15 stomata mm-2. Conversely, the Babel variety exhibited the highest average stoma density of 113.70 stomata mm-2 on the lower leaf surface. Regarding Bohuth 22, it demonstrated notable proficiency in terms of stoma length, exhibiting an average measurement of 3.82 μm for both the upper and lower leaf surfaces. Additionally, it displayed the highest average stoma width for the lower surface, measuring at 2.66 μm. The highest mean stomatal density for both the upper and lower leaf surfaces (114.1, 104.44 stomata mm-2) was observed at a colchicine concentration of 750 mg L-1. Regarding the intersection of the treatments, it was observed that treatment C1V3 exhibited superior performance in terms of the dimensions of the stoma, specifically the length and width on the lower surface of the leaf. The average difference between the measurements was found to be 4.40-2.96 μm, consecutively. The C2V2 treatment demonstrated superior performance in relation to the stomatal density observed on the upper surface of the leaf, exhibiting an average of 132.6 stomata mm-2. The treatment labelled as C2V4 exhibited the highest average stomata density (131.85 stomata mm-2) on the lower surface of the leaf. The molecular analysis conducted using RAPD-PCR technology revealed that the primer OPA 9 exhibited a total of 37 bands. Among these bands, 6 were found to be unique, while the remaining 31 bands displayed divergence. The OPA12 primer exhibits a minimum total of 29 bands, consisting of 24 distinct bands and 5 unique bands. Notably, all primers demonstrate a 100% occurrence of differentiated bands.
Effect of Combinations of Chemical, Nano-Fertilizer and Bio-Fertilizer NPK on Yield and Quality Traits of some Bread Wheat Cultivars Triticum aestivum L.
Authors: Al-Ghazali Zahra Abdul Kadhim , Al-Zubaidy Safaa Abd Al-Hassan
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the agricultural season 2022-2023 in the fields of the College of Agriculture - Al-Qasim Green University, located at latitude 32.33 north and longitude 42.45 east, in soil with a mixture of clay textures in order to study the effect of chemical and nano fertilizer NPK and bio-fertilizer on yield and quality traits of wheat cultivars. the bread. The experiment was applied according to split-plots arrangement using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Three cultivars of bread wheat occupied IPA-99, Bahouth-22 and Baghdad, and were given the symbols V1, V2, and V3 on the main plots, while fertilizer combinations occupied the sub plots, which are fully recommended compound fertilizer and fully recommended compound fertilizer + biofertilizer and compost. Full compound recommendation + nano fertilizer and 50% compound fertilizer only and 50% compound fertilizer + 50% biofertilizer and 50% compound fertilizer + 50% nanofertilizer and 50% complex fertilizer + 50% biofertilizer + 50% nanofertilizer and the codes were given F1 and F2 and F3, F4, F5, F6, and F7, respectively. The results of the study showed the superiority of cultivar IBA-99 over the other two cultivars by giving the highest average percentage of protein in grains and the ratio of wet and dry gluten, which amounted to 12.73%, 36.13% and 13.54%, respectively. Baghdad cultivar achieved a significantly excelled by giving the highest average of grain yield, biological yield and harvest index, which amounted to 4.60 tons ha-1 and 13.55 tons ha-1 and 33.04%, respectively. The plants treated with the fertilizer combination 50% compound fertilizer + 50% bio-fertilizer + 50% nano-fertilizer excelled in most of the studied traits (grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, protein percentage in grains, carbohydrates in grains, and the ratio of wet and dry gluten), which amounted to 5.15 tons ha-1 and 15.89 ton ha-1, 35.70%, 13.87%, 60.46%, 38.24%, and 14.71%, respectively.
Effect of Adding Different Levels of Potassium on Some Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Maize Under Water Stress Conditions
Authors: Al-Gharawi Firas Abdul Karim Makki , Al-Dulaimi Hamza Nouri , Matar Naim Shteiwi
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted for the autumn season in 2022 in an agricultural land in the province of Raranjia (Hamzawiyah), 10 km south of Babylon Governorate, the center of Hilla, in soil with sandy clay mixed texture to improve the growth efficiency of the Maize plants (Zea mays L.) Fajr 1 cultivar under water stress conditions by the effect of irrigation durations and the addition of different amounts of potassium sulfate. The experiment was designed in randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates. in a split - plots arrangement, as the irrigation periods included four levels, namely irrigation every (6, 8, 10 and 12) days as a main factor, while potassium sulfate included four levels (0, 150, 200 and 250) kg.h-1. The results achieved the duration of irrigation every 8 days significant superiority in the average on the highest, leaf area, leaves content of chlorophyll and the dry matter of plant, which amounted to 177.8 cm, 519.3 cm 2, 47.9 SPAD and 428.5 g, while the duration of irrigation every 12 days was significantly reduced in reducing some vegetative growth characteristics, as the average yield of dry matter reached 341.9 g and the level of potassium sulfate added significantly affected the increase in vegetative of growth indicators such as plant height, leaf area, dry weight and leaf content of chlorophyll, and the potassium level of 250 kg.h-1 achieved the highest values among other potassium levels for the same traits, reaching 180.3 cm, 522.9 cm2, 432.1 g and 47.9 SPAD respectively, while the interaction between the two factors had a significant impact on most of the studied traits and gave interference Irrigation periods 8 days and potassium addition 250 kg.ha -1.
Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Induced Changes in Germination, Seedling Growth, Water Relation and α-β Amylase of some Hungarian Wheat Landraces Varieties
Authors: Abido W. A. E. , Altai Dhurgham S. K. , Idan Wurood Jabbar , Allem A. , Dulái S. , Hadházy Á. , Al-Farhan Ilham M. H. , Zsombik L.
Published: December 2023

Wheat productivity has been steadily declining over the past few years, and abiotic stresses are responsible for more than half of all yield losses. Stress from drought is one of the most significant factors that can impede plant growth and production wherever in the world. The main goal of this study was to examine how low water potential, which was caused by polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000), on the germination and biochemical parameters of Hungarian wheat landraces. Seven Hungarian wheat landraces varieties (Szentesi; Nyirádi; Kiszombori; Háromfai; Tapiószelei; Nagykállói, and Szajlai) were tested for germination characteristics; seedling parameters; water relative content; tolerance index; and enzyme activities in the presence of different five concentrations of water stress (0; 5; 10; 15 and 20%) of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000). At the Research Institute of Nyiregyhaza in Hungary, a laboratory experiment using Factorial Experiment in Randomized Completely Design (RCD) was carried out in four replicates. According to the data, the Háromfai landrace outperformed all other landraces under research and recorded the highest values of all analyzed features, followed by Tapiószelei; Kiszombori; Szajlai; Nyirádi; Szentesi and Nagykállói landraces varieties. All characteristics under study were significantly decreased as water stress concentrations (PEG 6000) were increased from 0 up to 20%. In comparison to other wheat landraces, Háromfai and Tapiószelei landraces varieties had the highest water relative content (WRC), tolerance index (TI), and α as well β-amylase amylase activities, and were able to induce better drought tolerance. These results suggest that these landraces could be a good resource for breeding programs and cultivation under drought stress conditions. Furthermore, the results of correlation analysis did not neither positive nor negative correlation between the Hungarian wheat landraces varieties and all of analyzed traits. On contrary, the correlation analysis results show negative correlation between the drought stress levels and studied traits.
Isolation and Identification of Staphylococcus-aureus Bacteria from Local Meat Samples and Study of their Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Hamed Ammar H. , Alnazzal Ahmed I.
Published: December 2023

The study included the collection of (50) samples of local red meat in the Iraqi markets, to isolate and diagnose the s-aureus bacteria contaminated with them. Several microscopic, morphological and biochemical tests were conducted on the bacteria, including the catalase and oxidase test, the urea test, the mannitol sugar fermentation test, and the plasma coagulation test, then confirmed the final bacterial diagnosis using the Vietek2 technique. The results showed positive bacteria for catalase, urea production, ability of bacteria to ferment mannitol sugar and plasma coagulation, but it was negative for oxidase test. A bacterial resistance test was conducted for a number of antibiotics, as the bacteria showed high resistance to many of the following antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Amoxicillin\Clavulanic acid, Pipepracillin, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxon), and the bacteria showed high sensitivity by bacteria to many antibiotics, namely (Amikacin, Vancomycin, Imipenem, meropenem).
Production of Dextran from Domestic Weissella cibaria Isolated
Authors: Suheil Saad Shalawy , Ahmaed Asmaa Sabah
Published: December 2023

Dextran is an exopolysaccharide (EPS) of bacterial origin that is readily available in the commercial market. that is used in various industrial applications as an adjuvant, emulsifier, carrier, and stabilizer in the food and biomedical industries. Industrial production of dextran is carried out by fermentation in sucrose-rich media. Studies to optimize dextran production have shown that dextran yield varies depending on specific production conditions. This study aimed to generate dextrans Lactobacillus species were obtained from the vaginal and stool samples of healthy infants. The mucosal technique was employed to determine the biosynthesis of dextran from various isolates of Lactobacillus spp. colony assay and confirmed by isopropanol precipitation. The effects of various parameters such as sucrose concentration, nitrogen concentration, temperature, incubation time, pH, and inoculum size were studied to optimize the maximum dextran yield. In the present study, Weissella cibaria may produce dextran. Optimal conditions for dextran production are a 48-hour incubation at The experimental conditions involved maintaining a temperature of 37°C, with a sugar concentration of 10%, and a yeast extract concentration of 0.5%. The inoculum volume was set at 4%, and the pH level was maintained at 6.5. The experiment was conducted under aerobic conditions. The obtained value for dextran dry weight was 520 mg/100 ml.
Characterization Chitosan Nanoparticles Prepared from the Stalks of Agaricus bisporus Brown and its Effect on Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus and Reducing Aflatoxin B1 Production
Authors: Shahadha Abbas F. , Merzah Nazar R. , Al-Aubadi I.
Published: December 2023

Chitosan nanoparticles have been prepared from the stalks of Agaricus bisporus mushroom via ionic gelation according to the connection between positive chitosan and negative tripolyphosphate (TPP). chitosan nanoparticles diagnosed via Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR); the size and shape of chitosan nanoparticles are tested by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). chitosan nanoparticles have been tested in inhibiting Aspergillus flavus in the concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2) %. The chitosan nanoparticles inhibition rate of the fungus has reached (35, 100, 100, 100) % respectively. tested The effectiveness chitosan nanoparticles in preventing A. flavus from producing Aflatoxin B1 in the concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5) %. The rate of Aflatoxin B1 production inhibition by chitosan nanoparticles has reached (75.7, 100, 100) % respectively after 21 days of incubation at 28 degrees after estimating Aflatoxin B1 via HPLC. The study has proven that the effectiveness of chitosan nanoparticles in inhibiting the growth of A. flavus and inhibiting the production of Aflatoxin B1 from the fungus.
Effect of Pasteurization and Sampling Time on Some Immunological and Microbial Properties of Bovine Colostrum
Authors: Ali Shaimaa A. M. , Ibrahim Ahmed S.
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted in the laboratory of the Ministry of Science and Technology to estimate the immunological characteristics (IgG, IgA, and IgM) and microbial content in bovine colostrum samples on the first, third, and fifth day of birth, and the effect of pasteurization treatments {pasteurization at 63° C / 30 minutes (LTLT) and pasteurization, at 72° C. / 15 second (HTST)}. Also, to determine the antibacterial activity of colostrum against pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Klebsiella oxytoca. The results showed that the HTST pasteurization was the most effective in colostrum samples. The results also showed that the immune globulins in colostrum were high on the first day of birth, then gradually decreased with the increase in the period from birth, and the concentration of IgG immune-globulins was highest in bovine colostrum, followed by IgM and then IgA, which reached 475.24, 185.70 and 162.00 ng ml-1 respectively. Also, the pasteurization treatments led to a significant decrease in the concentration of immune globulins compared with the control treatment (un paseurization). As for microbial content in colostrum, the results showed that the total number of bacteria and the number of coliform bacteria were low on the first day of birth and then increased on the third and fifth day of birth, while the average number of lactic acid bacteria was 2.12, 2.23, and 2.04 log CFU ml-1 respectively, and the pasteurization treatments led to a significant decrease in the microbial content in all samples, the results also showed that the colostrum samples were free of S. aureus, E. coli, and S. typhi bacteria. Regarding testing the antibacterial efficacy of colostrum against pathogenic bacterial isolates, the results showed that the highest inhibition of colostrum was on the first day of birth against S. aureus bacteria at a zone diameter of inhibition of 14 mm, followed by E. coli, then S. typhi and K. oxytoca.
Identification of some Phenolic Compounds of Purslane Extracts (Portulaca Oleraceae L.) and Evaluation its Content from vit.E and vit.C and its Antioxidant Activity in Iraq
Authors: Al-Sultani Hind Abdulabbas Faris , Ajeena Saba J.
Published: December 2023

The phenolic compounds present in the four extracts of both stems and leaves of the Portulaca Oleraceae L. were diagnosed using HPLC, and the following observations were made: In the alcoholic extract of the leaves, the highest concentration was found in Gallic acid at 77.89 ppm, followed by other phenolic compounds represented by Quercetin, chlorogenic acid, Ferulic acid, Kemopferol, and p-Coumaric at concentrations of 55.8, 50.22, 40.25, 24.15, and 19.25 ppm, respectively. In the aqueous extract of the leaves, the highest concentration was found in Gallic acid at 62.59 ppm, followed by other phenolic compounds Quercetin, chlorogenic acid, Ferulic acid, p-Coumaric, and Kemopferol at concentrations of 41.25, 40.23, 29.58, 16.25, and 16.22 ppm, respectively. In the alcoholic extract of the stems, it was found to contain four phenolic compounds with Gallic acid having the highest concentration at 40.56 ppm, followed by chlorogenic acid, Quercetin, and Kemopferol at concentrations of 33.65, 30.25, and 14.25 ppm, respectively. In the aqueous extract of the stems, it was found to contain four phenolic compounds with Gallic acid having the highest concentration at 33.69 ppm, followed by Quercetin, chlorogenic acid, and Kemopferol at concentrations of 21.45, 20.58, and 11.48 ppm, respectively. The vitamin C and vitamin E contents were evaluated in the extracts. The highest concentration of vitamin E was found in the aqueous extract of the leaves, followed by the alcoholic extract of the leaves, the aqueous extract of the stems, and the alcoholic extract of the stems, with concentrations of 54.1, 33.5, 31.5, and 25.9 ppm, respectively. As for vitamin C concentration, it was found to be highest in the aqueous extract of the leaves, followed by the aqueous extract of the stems, the alcoholic extract of the leaves, and finally the alcoholic extract of the stems, with concentrations of 85.6, 66.5, 52.8, and 35.6 ppm, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the leaves and stems of Portulaca Oleraceae L. was measured by assessing the removal percentage using the FeCl2 and H2O2 methods. The alcoholic extract of the leaves showed the highest removal percentage of 94.73% at a concentration of 150 mg/ml using the FeCl2 method, and the highest DNA protection percentage of 92.73% at a concentration of 150 mg/ml using the H2O2 method.
Isolation, Purification and Characterization of a-Lactalbumin from Camel Milk and Study its Antioxidant Activity in Oils
Authors: Haddad Zaid A. , Doosh Kifah Saed
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this research was to examine the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of a-lactalbumin (α-Lac) isolated from camel milk. Ion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE cellulose column and gel-filtration chromatography on a Sephadex G-100 column were used for the purification process. (α-Lac) purity was confirmed using a single-bond polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) assay and a further step using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay. Antioxidant activity of (α-Lac) in food systems compared with chemical Antioxidants (BHT) activity at Prevent oxidation of vegetable oils (Flaxseed oil and sunflower) showed significant Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), linoleic acid system (LAS), radical scavenging activity (DPPH).
Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Selenium and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Extract
Authors: Abdullah Emad Abdulsattar , Badawi Sumyia Khalaf , Jafar Nehan Bahaaldden
Published: December 2023

The aim of the present study is to synthesize selenium (SeNPs) and copper oxide (CuONPs) nanoparticles utilizing aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. as a reducing agent. The green synthesized Hibiscus sabdariffa L. selenium and copper oxide nanoparticles were identified by color change. The characterization of SeNPs and CuONPs was achieved by Ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Atomic force microscope (AFM), X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These tests are utilized for detecting stability, morphology, size, crystalline nature and functional groups on nanoparticles surface prepared. The outcomes revealed appearance of the prick-red and green color, indicating a specific color of selenium and copper oxide nanoparticles respectively. It also disclosed that UV-VIS spectroscopy indicated band absorbance at 234 and 274 nanometer of intense surface Plasmon resonance, manifesting the formation and stability of prepared SeNPs and CuONPs. The FESEM image displayed mulit-shapes between spherical and vaulted for selenium and copper oxide nanosized. XRD at 2 theta revealed crystalline selenium and copper oxide nanoparticles, with (54.92-57.79) nm average size. FTIR revealed the presence of functional groups of the plant that act as stabilizing and reducing agents. The antibacterial activity of synthesized nanoparticles was studied against five different bacteria causing food spoilage.
Rice Genotypes and DNA Markers: A Review
Authors: Abed Ashwaq S. , Ismail Eman N. , Alagely Huda S. , Majeed D. M. , Namaa Dhuha S.
Published: December 2023

This review provides an overview of the progress made in the field of rice genotypes and DNA markers. Rice is a crucial food source globally, and enhancing its nutritional value and resilience to stresses is of significant interest. The availability of high-quality rice genome sequences and functional genomic resources has accelerated genetic research, leading to the identification of genes that influence yield, grain quality, and stress tolerance. Rice genotypes are classified based on various factors, such as their response to salt stress, grain type, ionomic profile, arsenic accumulation, and appearance. DNA markers, including SSRs, SNPs, RAPD, RFLP, and AFLP, are used to study genetic variations and traits inheritance. DNA marker analysis has applications in studying genetic diversity, improving abiotic stress tolerance, developing salt-resistant germplasm, enhancing grain quality, developing resilient cultivars, and increasing crop yield. The review also includes case studies from Iraq, where DNA markers have been used to analyse genetic diversity and relationships among rice varieties. Overall, DNA markers play a crucial role in advancing rice research and breeding programs for improved productivity and food security.
Estimation of the Production Function of some (Modern) Wheat Cultivars in Salah Al-Din Governorate for the Agricultural Season (2020-2021)
Authors: Sharif S. S. , Bakr Y. T.
Published: December 2023

The study aims to measure the effect of using modern varieties on increasing the productivity of a dunum of wheat crop, and to study the economic impact of cultivar change on the transmission of the supply function of the wheat crop, and to determine the amount of increase in production by replacing high-producing varieties with low-yielding varieties, and the study used Harry’s model Ir_Edward Shaw in estimating the transfer coefficients in the resulting supply of the different varieties of the wheat crop for the districts and sub-districts of Salah al-Din Governorate (Tikrit, Samarra, Al-Alam, Al-Dur), according to a questionnaire form, where the sample size included (160) farmers for the wheat crop, as it was found that the use of modern technologies led to shift the supply function to the right by (1.192 ‘1.510 ’ 1.351) % respectively, which means an increase in the quantity supplied of wheat and the trend towards self-sufficiency of this crop, and from the estimation of the joint production function for farms applied to modern technologies, the results of the imaginary variable parameter (X8) became clear. Its value was (0.811) and its sign was positive and it is significant at the level of (1%), and this means that the use of modern technologies has a positive effect by raising the productivity of farms applying modern technologies.
Effectiveness of Pumpkin Juice and Butylated Hydroxyanisole Supplemented to Yogurt on Lipid Profile for Hypercholesterolemia Rats
Authors: Shihab Oroba Bahjat , Ahmed Inas Khaled , Jassim Mohammed Ahmad
Published: December 2023

Experimental animals with hypercholesterol will be fed yogurt fortified with concentrated pumpkin juice and the industrial antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and their health will be monitored. Rats were fed either a standard diet (T1), a high-fat diet (T2), or a high-fat diet (T3) supplemented with 2 ml of yogurt per day. Rats were also fed either a high-fat diet (T4) supplemented with 2 ml of yogurt per day fortified with concentrated pumpkin juice (T4), or a diet high in fat (T5) supplemented with 2 ml of yogurt per day fortified with the synthetic antioxidant Hypercholesterolemia in male rats as measured by plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and liver enzymes. Adult rats were fed by tube feeding and weighed, then randomized into five groups. One of the most notable findings was that hypercholesterolemia in animals resulted in a statistically significant increase (p0.05) in cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-C concentrations compared to the control group, and a statistically significant decrease (p0.05) in HDL-C concentration. The experimental results showed that the groups given yogurt supplemented with pumpkin juice had significantly higher HDL concentrations and lower levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, AST, and ALT compared to the control group.
Study of the Level of Lead and Zinc in Five Species of Fish in Tigris River
Authors: Mahidi Ammar Anzi , Albashr Tariq Kh. M.
Published: December 2023

The research was carried out in the Tigris River, specifically in two distinct areas, namely Tikrit and Samarra within the Salah al-Din province, during the period of May 1, 2022, to January 9, 2021. The selection of these two stations was made with the intention of collecting fish samples for the purpose of assessing the presence of heavy element contamination in the fish population. This study was conducted at the laboratories of the Department of Food Sciences in the College of Agriculture, and the Department of Chemical Engineering in the College of Engineering at the University of Tikrit. The objective of the study was to assess the extent of heavy metal contamination, specifically lead and zinc, in various parts of fish including meat, liver, gills, and intestines. The study focused on five species of fish commonly found in the Tigris River, namely Zori, Nile tilapia, Aspius vorax, Silurus triostegus, and Carrasobarbus luteus. Additionally, the study encompassed two regions, Tikrit and Samarra, located in Salah al-Din province. The bi-interaction recorded a significant difference in the lead element, the highest value of which was (5.14 PPM) in the Nile tilapia muscles, and the lowest value (0.001 PPM) in the Nile tilapia gills, where the bi-interaction between the type of fish and the location was not recorded in the zinc element in the Samarra location, it reached the highest level The zinc element in the average of the sample type was (37.17 PPM) in the liver of the studied fish, and the lowest value was (8.82 PPM) in the intestines of the studied fish.
The Effect of Iraqi Jasmine Leaf (Lonicera Japonica) Aqueous and Alcoholic Extract on the Productive Performance of Broiler Ross 308 Chickens
Authors: Al-Shemery Najeh Jabir , Ali Nihad Abdul-Lateef , Zangana Bushra S. R.
Published: December 2023

This study was carried out at Al-Anwar Poultry Company in the Babil Governorate of Iraq. The objective of the study was to investigate the results of adding an aqueous and alcoholic extract of Iraqi jasmine leaves (Lonicera Japonica L.) to the drinking water of broiler chickens in order to see what kind of effects it would have. There were a total of seven different treatments, and each replication had three copies of ten birds. The following experimental procedures were carried out on the birds while they were being observed in the floor rising hall for a period of 35 days: In treatments 2–4, the aqueous extract of Iraqi jasmine leaves was added to the drinking water at a dose of 10 ml/litre, with concentrations of 15%, 30%, and 45%, respectively. In treatments 5–7, the alcohol extract of Iraqi jasmine leaves was added to the drinking water at a dose of 10 ml/litre, with concentrations of 15%, 30%, and 45%, respectively. Where it was determined that the seventh treatment was statistically (p0.05) superior to the first treatment (control) in terms of average live body weight in week five and total weight gain, and where it was determined that the second and seventh treatments recorded the best food conversion coefficient relative to the first treatment. While neither the aqueous nor the alcoholic extract of Iraqi jasmine leaves had any effect on the feed intake of grilled chickens, the flavour of the chicken was significantly altered.