bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study on differentiation of cervical-loop cells and Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath cells under the induction of dental follicle cells in rat
Authors: Guo Yongwen , Guo Weihua , Chen Jie , Tian Ye , Chen Guoqing , Tian Weidong , Bai Ding
Published: April 2018

Cervical loop cells (CLC) and Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells are believed to play critical roles in distinct developmental patterns between rodent incisors and molars, respectively. However, the differences in differentiation between CLC and HERS cells, and their response to inductions from dental follicle cells, remain largely unknown. In present study, CLC and HERS cells, as well as incisor dental follicle (IF) cells and molar dental follicle (MF) cells were isolated from post-natal 7-day rats. IF and MF cell derived conditioned medium (CM) was obtained for induction of CLC and HERS cells.In vitroexperiments, we found that, under the induction of dental follicle cell derived CM, CLC cells maintained the epithelial polygonal-shapes and formed massive minerals, while part of HERS cells underwent shape transformation and generated granular minerals. CLC cells expressed higher enamel-forming and mineralization related genes, while HERS cells showed opposite expression patterns of BMP2, BMP4, AMBN and AMGN.In vivo, CLC cells generated enamel-like tissues while HERS cells formed cementum-periodontal ligament-like structures. Taken together, CLC and HERS cells present distinct differentiation patterns under the inductions from dental follicle cells.
Novel Type III Polyketide Synthases Biosynthesize Methylated Polyketides in Mycobacterium marinum
Authors: Parvez Amreesh , Giri Samir , Giri Gorkha Raj , Kumari Monika , Bisht Renu , Saxena Priti
Published: April 2018

Mycobacterial pathogenesis is hallmarked by lipidic polyketides that decorate the cell envelope and mediate infection. However, factors mediating persistence remain largely unknown. Dynamic cell wall remodeling could facilitate the different pathogenic phases. Recent studies have implicated type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) in cell wall alterations in several bacteria. Comparative genome analysis revealed several type III pks gene clusters in mycobacteria. In this study, we report the functional characterization of two novel type III PKSs, MMAR_2470 and MMAR_2474, in Mycobacterium marinum. These type III pkss belong to a unique pks genomic cluster conserved exclusively in pathogenic mycobacteria. Cell-free reconstitution assays and high-resolution mass spectrometric analyses revealed methylated polyketide products in independent reactions of both proteins. MMAR_2474 protein exceptionally biosynthesized methylated alkyl-resorcinol and methylated acyl-phloroglucinol products from the same catalytic core. Structure-based homology modeling, product docking, and mutational studies identified residues that could facilitate the distinctive catalysis of these proteins. Functional investigations in heterologous mycobacterial strain implicated MMAR_2474 protein to be vital for mycobacterial survival in stationary biofilms. Our investigations provide new insights into type III PKSs conserved in pathogenic mycobacterial species.
Oligoacetylacetones as shapable carbon chains and their transformation to oligoimines for construction of metal-organic architectures
Authors: Uesaka Mitsuharu , Saito Yuki , Yoshioka Shota , Domoto Yuya , Fujita Makoto , Inokuma Yasuhide
Published: April 2018

Flexible chain-like molecules can adopt various conformations, but fabrication of complex and higher-order architectures by chain networking or coiling is still a difficult task in organic chemistry. As the degree of freedom increases, the large entropy loss impedes conformation and orientation fixing. Here we report oligo (3,3-dimethylpentane-2,4-dione)s as flexible and shapable carbon chains with many carbonyl groups for chemical modification. Polycarbonylated chains of various lengths are synthesized by terminal-selective silylation and oxidative coupling reactions using silver(I) oxide. We use reactions of 1,3-diketones and 1,4-diketones to reduce the chain length and to induce favourable conformations. When the chains are treated with hydrazine, all the carbonyl groups are converted to imine groups, resulting in the formation of multidentate ligands. Finally, a two-dimensional sheet-like structure and a cylindrical assembly are generated by respectively networking and coiling the carbon chains, with the aid of metal coordination.
Reversible control of triplet dynamics in metal-organic framework-entrapped organic emitters via external gases
Authors: Mieno Hiroyuki , Kabe Ryota , Adachi Chihaya
Published: April 2018

Triplet excitons play an important role in the physics of organic emitters used in organic light-emitting diodes, bio-imaging, and security inks. Triplet exciton dynamics is influenced by the emitters and the environment surrounding them, but there is no effective way to alter triplet dynamics using external triggers. Here we demonstrate rapid and reversible control of the triplet dynamics of the emitter coronene via an external heavy-atom effect induced by external gases. Strong interaction between the emitter molecule and gases is achieved by encapsulating the emitter in a metal organic framework. Exposure to xenon, which has a large spin-orbit coupling, accelerates the radiative decay of triplets, leading to a stronger phosphorescence that decays more quickly than under vacuum. By contrast, excitons can be non-radiatively quenched through exposure to oxygen. This fast and reversible regulation of triplet dynamics may provide a new platform for responsive photo-switches, optical storage, and molecular computers.
Graphene analogues in aquatic environments and porous media: dispersion, aggregation, deposition and transformation
Authors: Ren Xuemei , Li Jie , Chen Changlun , Gao Yang , Chen Diyun , Su Mianhua , Alsaedi Ahmed , Hayat Tasawar
Published: April 2018

The potential extensive application of graphene analogues (GAs), such as graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide, in various fields results in the possibility of their release into the natural environment with negative impacts on humans and the ecosystem.
Desalination as a negative emissions technology
Authors: Davies P. A. , Yuan Q. , de Richter R.
Published: April 2018

We propose to treat desalination reject brine by electrolysis to form Mg(OH)2and thus absorb CO2viathe oceans.
Preparation and properties of room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber based on rosin-grafted polydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Li Qiaoguang , Huang Xujuan , Liu He , Shang Shibin , Song Zhanqian , Song Jie
Published: April 2018

Rosin-grafted polydimethylsiloxane (RGSO) was preparedviaring-opening reaction of glycidyl ester of rosin acid (ER) with hydroxy-terminated amino polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
Impedance spectroscopic detection of binding and reactions in acid-labile dielectric polymers for biosensor applications
Authors: Dailey Jennifer , Fichera Michelangelo , Silbergeld Ellen , Katz Howard E.
Published: April 2018

We synthesized previously unreported copolymers with cleavable acid-labile side chains for use as electrochemical sensing layers in order to demonstrate a novel architecture for a one-step immunosensor.
Ultrafast photochemistry of free-base porphyrin: a theoretical investigation of B → Q internal conversion mediated by dark states
Authors: Falahati Konstantin , Hamerla Carsten , Huix-Rotllant Miquel , Burghardt Irene
Published: April 2018

Ultrafast B → Q internal conversion in free-base porphyrin is mediated by dark states, necessitating a description beyond Gouterman's four-orbital model.
Assessing the scalability of low conductivity substrates for photo-electrodesviamodelling of resistive losses
Authors: Holmes-Gentle Isaac , Agarwal Harsh , Alhersh Faye , Hellgardt Klaus
Published: April 2018

In order to scale up photo-electrochemical water splitting, ohmic losses within the substrate must be assessed with a model which captures the behaviour of the photo-electrode.
High transport and excellent optical property of a two-dimensional single-layered hybrid perovskite (C4H9NH3)2PbBr4: a theoretical study
Authors: Lei Jun-Hui , Zhao Yu-Qing , Tang Qiong , Lin Jian-Guo , Cai Meng-Qiu
Published: April 2018

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites are developed to pursue high charge carrier mobility and light absorption coefficient.
U- to Z-shape isomerization in a Pt2Ag2 framework containing pyridyl-NHC ligands
Authors: Horiuchi Shinnosuke , Moon Sangjoon , Sakuda Eri , Ito Akitaka , Arikawa Yasuhiro , Umakoshi Keisuke
Published: April 2018

A highly twisted U-shaped Pt2Ag2 complex bearing pyridyl–NHC ligands showed isomerization to Z-shaped conformations via an intermolecular process. 1H NMR experiments revealed that the isomerization reached U : Z = 2 : 1 ratio in a thermodynamic equilibrium state.
Identification and characterization of small organic compounds within the corona formed around engineered nanoparticles
Authors: Pink Mario , Verma Nisha , Kersch Christian , Schmitz-Spanke Simone
Published: April 2018

The biological identity of nanoparticles depends on the organic compounds bound to the surface; however, compounds other than proteins are largely uninvestigated. This study highlights the presence of unique compound profiles within the corona of the tested nanoparticles.
Experimental and theoretical investigations on Se(iv) and Se(vi) adsorption to UiO-66-based metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Wei Jingmiao , Zhang Wei , Pan Weiyi , Li Chaoran , Sun Weiling
Published: April 2018

HSeO3−/SeO32− bonds to UiO-66 on Zr mainly through Lewis acid/base complexation and H2SeO3 bonds on Zr–O–C mainly through hydrogen bonding.
Potential for manganese biofouling in water transmission lines using model reactors
Authors: Allward Nicole E. , Gregory Brittany S. , Sotddart Amina K. , Gagnon Graham A.
Published: April 2018

Biologically mediated manganese oxide accumulation was observed in a water supply plant transmission line. A novel, putative manganese oxidizing bacterium,Candidatus Koribacter, was identified.
Crystallographic snapshots of host–guest interactions in drugs@metal–organic frameworks: towards mimicking molecular recognition processes
Authors: Mon Marta , Bruno Rosaria , Ferrando-Soria Jesús , Bartella Lucia , Di Donna Leonardo , Talia Marianna , Lappano Rosamaria , Maggiolini Marcello , Armentano Donatella , Pardo Emilio
Published: April 2018

We report a novel highly crystalline MOF, featuring hydroxyl-decorated channels, capable of distinctly organizing guest organic molecules within its pores.
Facile Cu(ii)-mediated conjugation of thioesters and thioacids to peptides and proteins under mild conditions
Authors: Sun Yao , Lyu Zhenbin , Wang Zhiqiang , Zeng Xiaodong , Zhou Hui , Xu Fuchun , Chen Ziyang , Xu Yuling , Xu Ping , Hong Xuechuan
Published: April 2018

The bioconjugation of peptide derivatives such as polypeptides, peptide-based probes and proteins is a vibrant area in many scientific fields.
The role of amino acids on supramolecular co-assembly of naphthalenediimide–pyrene based hydrogelators
Authors: Nelli Srinivasa Rao , Chakravarthy Rajan Deepan , Mohiuddin Mohammed , Lin Hsin-Chieh
Published: April 2018

The importance of side chains of amino acids for NDI–Py co-assembled hydrogelation is described.
Synthesis and retarder mechanism study of a novel amphoteric composite high temperature-resistant retarder for oil well cement
Authors: Zhigang Peng , Jian Zhang , Qian Feng , Changjun Zou , Yong Zheng , Bojian Zhang , Jinhua Huo
Published: April 2018

An amphoteric composite polymer (hereinafter referred to as PAADM) as high temperature-resistant cement retarder was prepared byin situintercalated polymerization method with AMPS, AA and DMDAAC as monomers, and modified montmorillonite as an active polymerization filler.
High-throughput metabolomics enables metabolite biomarkers and metabolic mechanism discovery of fish in response to alkalinity stress
Authors: Sun Yan-chun , Wu Song , Du Ning-ning , Song Yi , Xu Wei
Published: April 2018

High throughput mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics is a popular platform for small molecule metabolites analyses that are widely used for detecting biomarkers in the research field of environmental assessment.
A novel phosphoester-based cationic co-polymer nanocarrier delivers chimeric antigen receptor plasmid and exhibits anti-tumor effect
Authors: Fan Jing , He Qianjun , Jin Zhaokui , Chen Wei , Huang Weiren
Published: April 2018

A three-segment amphiphilic co-polymer mPEG-bPEI-PEBP was synthesized as the nanocarrier with cationic PEI, capable of delivering the CAR and packaging plasmids into Jurkat cells to generate the CAR-T cells for anti-CD19 immunotherapy study.
Catalytic oxidation of CO over mesoporous copper-doped ceria catalysts via a facile CTAB-assisted synthesis
Authors: Zhu Hongjian , Chen Yingying , Wang Zhongpeng , Liu Wei , Wang Liguo
Published: April 2018

Surface Cu–O–Ce species can be reduced by CO and active oxygen can easily react with Cu+–CO to form CO2.
Improved performance of a catalytic plate reactor coated with distributed layers of reforming and combustion catalysts for hydrogen production
Authors: Mundhwa Mayur , Thurgood Christopher P.
Published: April 2018

Novel distributed coatings of reforming and combustion catalysts for hydrogen production by combustion assisted methane steam reforming.
Towards smart free form-factor 3D printable batteries
Authors: Ragones Heftsi , Menkin Svetlana , Kamir Yosi , Gladkikh Alex , Mukra Tzach , Kosa Gabor , Golodnitsky Diana
Published: April 2018

A novel concept of a free form-factor 3D-microbattery with comprehensively structured interlaced electrode networks printed by fused-filament fabrication (FFF).
Scalable and ascendant synthesis of carbon cloth coated hierarchical core–shell CoMoS@Co(OH)2 for flexible and high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Patil Swati J. , Lee Dong-Weon
Published: April 2018

Herein, we propose a novel scalable and ascendant strategy to design a CoMoS@Co(OH)2 core–shell architecture possessing a CoMoS nanorod “core” and Co(OH)2 nanoflakes as the “shell” layer wall for flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor application.
Metal–organic framework-derived integrated nanoarrays for overall water splitting
Authors: Guan Cao , Wu Haijun , Ren Weina , Yang Chunhai , Liu Ximeng , Ouyang Xiaofang , Song Zeyi , Zhang Yuzhong , Pennycook Stephen J. , Cheng Chuanwei , Wang John
Published: April 2018

A unique integrated hollow CoP nanospheres embedded carbon nanoarrays has been facilely synthesized from a metal–organic framework precursor, and behaves as a pH-versatile catalyst for both hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions.
Titanium-related color centers in diamond: a density functional theory prediction
Authors: Czelej Kamil , Ćwieka Karol , Śpiewak Piotr , Jan Kurzydłowski Krzysztof
Published: April 2018

Using the state-of-the-art SP-DFT method we investigate the ground and excited state properties of Ti-related complexes in diamond and demonstrate that the experimentally observed TiV–N0(OK1) center may be a good candidate for solid state single color emitters.
Dual-emissive gold nanoclusters for label-free and separation-free ratiometric fluorescence sensing of 4-nitrophenol based on the inner filter effect
Authors: Shu Tong , Wang Jianxing , Lin Xiangfang , Zhou Ziping , Liang Feng , Su Lei , Zhang Xueji
Published: April 2018

A ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on 4-nitrophenol-induced selective quenching of the blue fluorescence emission of the diTyr residues of the GNCs@BSA via the inner filter effect.
Metabolic Tuning: Ausgewählte Mikronährstoffe im Leistungssport
Authors: Gröber Uwe
Published: April 2018

Die Einnahme von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln ist bei Leistungs-, aber auch Breitensportlern weit verbreitet. Eine Optimierung der sportlichen und mentalen
Leistungsfähigkeit ist jedoch nur bei zuvor bestehender Unterversorgung zu erwarten. Lücken in der Mikronährstoffzufuhr sollten sinnvollerweise über eine
Optimierung der Ernährung geschlossen werden.

Ein Mangel wichtiger Mikronährstoffe wie Vitamin D, Magnesium, Eisen, Omega-3-Fettsäuren sowie Proteinen kann zu Leistungseinbußen, schneller Ermüdbarkeit, einer
langsameren Regenerationszeit oder auch Infektanfälligkeit führen. Der Beitrag fasst die Bedeutung ausgewählter für Sportler relevanter Mikronährstoffe zusammen
und gibt Empfehlungen für die Supplementierung.
Fear of Progression in Parents of Children with Cancer: Results of An Online Expert Survey in Pediatric Oncology
Authors: Clever Katharina , Schepper Florian , Küpper Luise , Christiansen Holger , Martini Julia
Published: April 2018

Background Fear of Progression (FoP) is a commonly reported psychological strain in parents of children with cancer. This expert survey investigates how professionals in pediatric oncology estimate the burden and consequences of FoP in parents and how they assess and treat parental FoP.

Method N=77 professionals in pediatric oncology (members and associates of the Psychosocial Association in Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, PSAPOH) were examined in an online survey with a self-developed questionnaire. Data were analyzed via descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis.

Results Three of four experts in clinical practice were (very) often confronted with parental FoP which was associated with more negative (e. g., psychosomatic reactions, reduced family functioning) than positive (e. g., active illness processing) consequences. N=40 experts indicated that they mainly assess parents’ anxiety via clinical judgment (72.5%) and/or according to ICD-10/DSM-5 diagnostic criteria (37.5%), whereas standardized methods such as psycho-oncological questionnaires (12.5%) were applied less often. Only n=6 experts named a specific diagnostic approach to assess parental FoP. The most common treatment approaches for FoP were supportive counseling (74.0%), psychotherapy (59.7%) and/or relaxation techniques (55.8%).

Discussion Parental FoP is frequently perceived by experts in clinical practice. A standardized diagnostic procedure would increase comparability of diagnostic judgments and harmonize treatment indications.
Isolation and Determination of Phenolic Glycosides and Anthraquinones from Rhizomes of Various Reynoutria Species
Authors: Nawrot-Hadzik Izabela , Granica Sebastian , Domaradzki Krzysztof , Pecio Łukasz , Matkowski Adam
Published: April 2018

Giant knotweeds of the genus Reynoutria (syn. Fallopia)–Reynoutria japonica, Reynoutria sachalinensis, and a hybrid of them, Reynoutria x bohemica–are noxious invasive plants in Europe and North America. R. japonica is a traditional East Asian (Japan and China) drug (Polygoni cuspidati rhizoma). Recently, it has been included in European Pharmacopoeia as one of the traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. In this study, a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method with diode array detector and time-of-flight mass spectrometry was developed and validated for the profiling of rhizomes from European invasive populations and Polygoni cuspidati rhizoma purchased in China. Twenty-five compounds were identified, mainly stilbenes, anthraquinones, flavan-3-ols, and phenylpropanoid esters. Tatariside B, hydropiperoside, vanicoside C, a new compound (3,6-O-di-p-coumaroyl)-β-fructofuranosyl-(2 → 1)-(2′-O-acetyl-6′-O-feruloyl)-β-glucopyranoside) were reported for the first time in these raw materials. Six compounds from three phytochemical classes–stilbenes: piceid and resveratrol; anthraquinones: emodin and physcion; hydroxycinnamic sucrose esters: vanicosides A and B–were quantified using the validated method. R. japonica from China contained twice as many stilbenoids than samples from Poland (piceid 14.83 mg/g dm vs. 7.45 mg/g and resveratrol 1.29 mg/g vs. 0.65 mg/g). R. sachalinensis rhizomes contained lower quantities of anthraquinones and no detectable stilbenes, which together with higher amounts of hydroxycinnamic glycosides makes it easily distinguishable from the other two. The phytochemical profile of R. x bohemica was intermediate between the two parent species.
First Total Synthesis of 7-Isovaleryloxy-8-methoxygirinimbine
Authors: Brütting Christian , Schmidt Arndt , Kataeva Olga , Knölker Hans-Joachim
Published: April 2018

We describe the first total synthesis of the pyrano[3,2-a]carbazole alkaloid 7-isovaleryloxy-8-methoxygirinimbine, using a palladium(II)-catalyzed double C–H-bond activation for construction of the carbazole framework and a phenylboronic acid catalyzed annulation of the pyran ring as key steps.
Predictors of Early Mortality in Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: Analysis of the RIETE Database
Authors: Tafur Alfonso , Fuentes Harry , Caprini Joseph , Rivas Agustina , Uresandi F. , Duce Rita , Lopez-Reyes Raquel , Visona Adriana , Merah Adel , Monreal Manuel
Published: April 2018

Cancer-associated thrombosis (CT) carries a high, heterogeneous, and poorly predicted likelihood of mortality. Thus, we aimed to define predictors of 30-day mortality in 10,025 patients with CT. In a randomly selected derivation cohort, we used recursive partitioning analysis to detect variables that select for a risk of mortality within 30 days. In a validation cohort, we evaluated our results using Cochran–Armitage test. The most common types of cancer were lung (16%), breast (14%), and colorectal (14%); median age was 69 years (range, 14–101); most had metastatic disease (63%); 13% of patients died within 30 days. In the derivation cohort (n = 6,660), a white blood cell (WBC) count in the highest quartile predicted early mortality (odds ratio, 7.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.6–13.1); and the presence of metastatic disease, pulmonary embolism (PE), and immobility defined the risk of those with normal WBC count. We defined death risk according four sequential questions: (1) Does the patient have an elevated WBC count? (Yes, group D). (2) If no, does the patient have metastasis? (No, group A). (3) If yes, is the patient immobile? (Yes, group D). (4) If no, does the patient have a PE? (Yes, group C; no, group B). In the validation cohort (n = 3,365), the 30-day risk of death was 2.9% in group A (95% CI, 1.9–4.3), compared with 25% in group D (95% CI, 22.5–27.5), and there was a rate escalation between groups (p for trend < 0.01). In conclusion, with four sequential questions, the risk of death in CT can be easily stratified. An elevated WBC count at baseline predicted 30-day mortality better than metastases, PE, or immobility.
Die Smartphone-basierte Thermographie zur Lokalisation von Perforatoren bei der mikrovaskulären Brustrekonstruktion
Authors: Walle Leonard , Fansa Hisham , Frerichs Onno
Published: April 2018

Hintergrund Die Thermographie gewährleistet eine nicht-invasive Darstellung von Temperaturdifferenzen. Bei mikrovaskulären Lappenplastiken könnte die
Thermographie kutane Temperaturdifferenzen aufzeigen und somit indirekt Durchblutungsmuster über Perforatoren darstellen. Bei der präoperativen Planung könnte
diese Methode als zusätzliches Tool die Qualität und Vielfältigkeit der freien Lappenplastiken steigern.

Patienten und Methoden 10 Patientinnen mit 13 freien DIEP-Lappenplastiken zur Brustrekonstruktion wurden in dieser prospektiven Studie untersucht. Mittels Smartphone-basierter Thermographie wurden präoperativ die „hot spots“ der Hautdurchblutung (Perforatoreintritt) am
Abdomen dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit der präoperativ durchgeführten Computertomographischen-Angiographie (CTA), sowie der intraoperativen Anatomie
verglichen.

Ergebnisse Die Thermographie konnte bei allen Patienten erfolgreich eingesetzt werden und zeigte verlässlich Perfusionsareale mit „hot spots“ im
Hebeareal. Alle präoperativ am Abdomen thermographisch ausgewählten Hauptperforatoren wurden auch intraoperativ zur DIEP-Lappenplastik verwendet. Die Auswahl
der Hauptperforatoren deckte sich dabei auch mit den Ergebnissen der CTA-Untersuchungen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Smartphone-basierte Thermographie kann einfach, schnell und nicht-invasiv kutane Temperaturdifferenzen darstellen. Die Darstellung
des Perforatoreintritts in die Haut ist über die sichtbaren Wärmepunkte zuverlässig möglich. Bei der Auswahl eines geeigneten Perforators bringt die
Thermographie nützliche Zusatzinformationen und ist somit ein ergänzendes Tool in der Bildgebung der Perforator-basierten Lappenplastiken.
Vergleich des Regenerativen Zytokinprofils von Adipose Derived Stromal Cells (ASCs) Gewonnen Mittels Abdominoplastik, Suction Assisted
Liposuction (SAL) und Ultrasound Assisted Liposuction (UAL)
Authors: Aitzetmüller Matthias Michael , Machens Hans-Günther , Schilling Arndt F , Duscher Dominik
Published: April 2018

Einleitung Mesenchymale Stromazellen sind aufgrund ihres regenerativen Potentials schon in zahlreichen Fachgebieten der Medizin im klinischen Einsatz. In
der Plastischen Chirurgie stehen vor allem Fettstammzellen (Adipose derived stromal cells = ASCs) aus Lipoasopirat im Mittelpunkt der rezenten Forschung. Die
Fähigkeit zur Ausschüttung von regenerativen Zytokinen ist der Schlüsselmechanismus im therapeutischen Einsatz von ASCs. Es sind zurzeit eine Vielzahl an
Methoden und Geräten zur Lipoaspiratgewinnung in der klinischen Anwendung. Bei den meisten dieser Geräte sind die Auswirkungen auf die regenerativen
Eigenschaften der ASCs noch weitgehend ungeklärt. Ziel dieser Studie ist der Vergleich der Expression von wesentlichen regenerativen Zytokinen von ASCs,
gewonnen mittels dreier Standardverfahren der Plastischen Chirurgie: Abdominoplastik, Suction assisted Liposuction (SAL) und Ultrasound assisted Liposuction
(UAL).

Patienten und Methoden UAL und SAL Lipoaspirate wurden jeweils von 3 gesunden weiblichen Probanden gewonnen, be vor eine Abdominoplastik an denselben
Patienten durchgeführt wurde. ASCs wurden aus UAL und SAL Lipoaspiraten sowie aus den Abdominoplastikresektaten isoliert und die RNA-Expression von wichtigen
regenerativen Zytokinen (HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), FGF-2 (basic fibroblast growth factor), MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1), SDF-1 (stromal
cell-derived factor 1) und VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) verglichen.

Resultate Es zeigte sich kein Unterschied hinsichtlich der Expression von HGF, FGF-2, SDF-1 und VEGF zwischen den einzelnen Proben, jedoch eine
signifikant erhöhte Expression von MCP-1 in ASCs gewonnen aus UAL-Lipoaspirat.

Conclusio UAL stellt bezüglich Einfluss auf das ASC Expressionsprofil von Schlüsselzytokinen der Gewebserneuerung eine mit SAL zumindest vergleichbare
Methode dar. Sowohl UAL als auch SAL Lipoaspirate sind geeignet zur Gewinnung von funktionellen ASCs vergleichbar mit minimal manipulierten Zellen aus
Abdominoplastikresektaten.
Kommentar zur Arbeit: Das Humboldt’sche Bildungsideal in der Plastischen Chirurgie – Studentenumfrage zur Lehre und Venia
Legendi
Authors: Lehnhardt Marcus , Kneser Ulrich , Giunta Riccardo , Horch Raymond E.
Published: April 2018

Obwohl bei derartigen Umfragen Vorsicht geboten ist und die Analyse von Vogt et al. kleinere methodische Schwächen aufweist, beinhaltet sie eine hoch interessante
Aussage, die aufhorchen lässt: 43 % der befragten Medizinstudenten geben an, habilitieren zu wollen.
Quantifying extinction risk and forecasting the number of impending Australian bird and mammal extinctions
Authors: Geyle Hayley M. , Woinarski John C. Z. , Baker G. Barry , Dickman Chris R. , Dutson Guy , Fisher Diana O. , Ford Hugh , Holdsworth Mark , Jones Menna E. , Kutt Alex , Legge Sarah , Leiper Ian , Loyn Richard , Murphy Brett P. , Menkhorst Peter , Reside April E. , Ritchie Euan G. , Roberts Finley E. , Tingley Reid , Garnett Stephen T.
Published: April 2018

A critical step towards reducing the incidence of extinction is to identify and rank the species at highest risk, while implementing protective measures to reduce the risk of extinction to such species. Existing global processes provide a graded categorisation of extinction risk. Here we seek to extend and complement those processes to focus more narrowly on the likelihood of extinction of the most imperilled Australian birds and mammals. We considered an extension of existing IUCN and NatureServe criteria, and used expert elicitation to rank the extinction risk to the most imperilled species, assuming current management. On the basis of these assessments, and using two additional approaches, we estimated the number of extinctions likely to occur in the next 20 years. The estimates of extinction risk derived from our tighter IUCN categorisations, NatureServe assessments and expert elicitation were poorly correlated, with little agreement among methods for which species were most in danger – highlighting the importance of integrating multiple approaches when considering extinction risk. Mapped distributions of the 20 most imperilled birds reveal that most are endemic to islands or occur in southern Australia. The 20 most imperilled mammals occur mostly in northern and central Australia. While there were some differences in the forecasted number of extinctions in the next 20 years among methods, all three approaches predict further species loss. Overall, we estimate that another seven Australian mammals and 10 Australian birds will be extinct by 2038 unless management improves.
Assessment of efficacy of biocides in different soil types for use in sorption studies of low molecular weight organic compounds
Authors: Martin Sheridan , Kookana Rai S. , Macdonald Lynne M. , Farrell Mark
Published: April 2018

The abiotic protection of low molecular weight organic compounds (LMWOC) in soils may be an important regulator of C cycling. The study of the protection of LMWOC through sorption typically employs soils shaken in solution, which may be compromised by biological activity. We used 14C-labelled glucose as a LMWOC in batch assays of four different soils with contrasting physico-chemical properties (Arenosol, Luvisol, Ferralsol and Andisol). The commonly used biocides NaN3 and HgCl2 were employed alone or in concert across a range of concentrations to assess their efficacy in inhibiting microbial degradation. For short (<1 day) sorption experiments, low NaN3 concentrations (50 µM) were sufficient to inhibit microbial activity, whereas for longer (2 week) equilibrium assays, only high HgCl2 concentrations (10 mM) were effective in all soils tested. All combinations of biocide were most effective in inhibiting microbial activity in the Arenosol and least effective in the Andisol. Thus, in some soils, particular care is required with biocide selection for complete inhibition of biological activity. The findings presented here are of relevance for the design of studies investigating sorption of labile organic compounds in soils.
Reproductive state leads to intraspecific habitat partitioning and survival differences in greater sage-grouse: implications for conservation
Authors: Smith Kurt T. , Beck Jeffrey L. , Kirol Christopher P.
Published: April 2018

Context Inter- and intraspecific habitat partitioning is widespread across taxa, yet limited information is available on differences in intraspecific habitat selection by same-sex individuals among differing reproductive states. Understanding habitat selection by conspecifics of different reproductive states may help optimise conservation efforts, particularly for gallinaceous bird species such as greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), which are long-lived but have only moderate reproductive rates. Aims We predicted that habitat use differed between grouse under different reproductive states and that reproductive investment decreased survival of adults in summer. Methods We compared habitat characteristics used by brood-rearing and broodless female sage-grouse and evaluated the influence of reproductive investment and habitat use on survival of adult females. Key results We found that brood-rearing and broodless female sage-grouse partitioned habitat at micro- and macrohabitat scales. Broodless females were more likely to survive the summer. Conclusions Our findings suggest reproductive state variability in habitat selection by female sage-grouse. Broodless females were roosting and foraging in concealed habitats with intermediate visual obstruction and annual vegetation productivity, but less food forb availability compared with early and late brood-rearing females. In contrast, brood-rearing females likely selected more herbaceous understoreys to predictably maximise foraging opportunities and promote growth of their chicks, which appeared to mitigate the influence of reproductive costs on summer survival, particularly during the late brood-rearing period. Implications Survival of adult females is critical for population persistence of sage-grouse and other long-lived Galliformes, yet conservation efforts generally focus on habitats used during nesting and brood-rearing. Our results suggest that habitat partitioning is a potential risk-aversion strategy where individuals across different reproductive states likely select habitats to maximise their survival. Conservation efforts should focus on conserving habitats used by both brood-rearing and broodless sage-grouse to ensure population persistence.
Polysialic acid is a cellular receptor for human adenovirus 52
Authors: Lenman Annasara , Liaci A. Manuel , Liu Yan , Frängsmyr Lars , Frank Martin , Blaum Bärbel S. , Chai Wengang , Podgorski Iva I. , Harrach Balázs , Benkő Mária , Feizi Ten , Stehle Thilo , Arnberg Niklas
Published: April 2018

Significance

We present here that adenovirus type 52 (HAdV-52) attaches to target cells through a mechanism not previously observed in other human pathogenic viruses. The interaction involves unusual, transient, electrostatic interactions between the short fiber capsid protein and polysialic acid (polySia)-containing receptors on target cells. Knowledge about the binding interactions between polySia and its natural ligands is relatively limited, and our results therefore provide additional insight not only into adenovirus biology but also into the structural basis of polySia function. Since polySia can be found in high expression levels in brain and lung cancers where its presence is associated with poor prognosis, we suggest that this polySia-binding adenovirus could be useful for design of vectors for gene therapy of these cancers.
Controlled Human Hookworm Infection: Accelerating Human Hookworm Vaccine Development
Authors: Diemert David , Campbell Doreen , Brelsford Jill , Leasure Caitlyn , Li Guangzhao , Peng Jin , Zumer Maria , Younes Naji , Bottazzi Maria Elena , Mejia Rojelio , Pritchard David I , Hawdon John M , Bethony Jeffrey M
Published: April 2018

Background

Controlled human hookworm infection (CHHI) is a central component of a proposed hookworm vaccination-challenge model (HVCM) to test the efficacy of candidate vaccines. Critical to CHHI is the manufacture of Necator americanus infective larvae (NaL3) according to current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) and the determination of an inoculum of NaL3 that is safe and reliably induces patent infection.

Methods

cGMP-grade NaL3 were produced for a phase 1 trial in 20 healthy, hookworm-naïve adults in the United States, who received either 25 or 50 NaL3. Participants were monitored for 12–18 weeks postinfection for safety, tolerability, and patency of N. americanus infection.

Results

Both NaL3 doses were well tolerated. Early manifestations of infection included pruritus, pain, and papulovesicular rash at the application site. Gastrointestinal symptoms and eosinophilia appeared after week 4 postinfection. The 50 NaL3 inoculum induced patent N. americanus infection in 90% of this dose group.

Conclusions

The inoculum of 50 NaL3 was well tolerated and consistently induced patent N. americanus infection suitable for future HVCM trials.

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT01940757.
Japanese Food in the Early Modern European Imagination
Authors: Albala Ken
Published: April 2018

This chapter traces international admiration for Japanese foodways to sixteenth- and seventeenth-century accounts of Japan left by various Europeans, including a Portuguese Jesuit priest, Florentine merchant, and German doctor, which held a monopoly on European trade with Japan from the seventeenth to mid-nineteenth centuries. Primary sources left by these early modern travelers exhibit esteem for culinary characteristics such as table etiquette, frugality, precision in production, and quality ingredients. The chapter argues that Japanese cuisine has long acted as a foil to Western excess and/or coarseness in foodways. Many of the foods and foodways noted by the early travelers remain central aspects of Japanese culinary brand identity today.
The Devouring Empire
Authors: Horiguchi Noriko J.
Published: April 2018

This chapter studies the impact of war, empire, and gender identity in shaping food values via the depictions of food and hunger in the works of famed novelist and poet Hayashi Fumiko (1903–1951). It argues that food and the act of eating serve as metaphors for the colonial and imperial relationships between Japan, its occupied territories, and its own occupation by US forces. In addition, Hayashi's attitudes toward national and imperial identity shift between her works. For instance, in Diary of a Vagabond (1929), the hungry heroine defies and critiques normative gender roles and middle-class values in her pursuits of work and food; as a war correspondent in 1938, however, Hayashi expressed patriotic attitudes in response to food scarcity and appeared to embrace prescribed gender roles.
Introduction
Authors: Barshinger David P.
Published: April 2018

David P. Barshinger introduces the need for a book exploring Jonathan Edwards’ interpretation of the Bible, highlighting how much of a shaping influence Christian Scripture had on him throughout his life. This introduction gives a taste of the place of the Bible in Edwards’ thought and experience, particularly visible in his work as a preacher, revivalist, and theologian, and it provides summaries of the chapter contributions in the volume. Barshinger calls for greater attention to Edwards as biblical exegete, for understanding Edwards’ place in the stream of sola scriptura, and for recognizing Edwards as an important contributor in the history of biblical interpretation.
Jonathan Edwards’ French Connection
Authors: Brown Robert E.
Published: April 2018

Robert E. Brown focuses on Jonthan Edwards’ engagement with the emerging criticism of the early modern period, when the question of who authored the Pentateuch occupied many a biblical interpreter. Influenced by the more rationalistic approach of the Jewish scholar Abraham ibn Ezra (1089–1164), several writers—including Thomas Hobbes, Isaac La Peyrère, Benedict Spinoza, Richard Simon, and Jean Le Clerc—argued against the traditional belief that Moses wrote the first five books of the Bible. One leading responder to this view was Louis Ellie Du Pin, a French Catholic ecumenist, and Edwards, interestingly enough, drew substantially on Du Pin in his own discussion of the Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch. Brown uses this episode to show that Edwards was a creative consumer of European ideas, which illustrates that early modern biblical interpretation was more complex and layered than often recognized.
Conclusion
Authors: Sweeney Douglas A.
Published: April 2018

Douglas A. Sweeney recapitulates the massive role of biblical reflection in Jonthan Edwards’ life and thought and then summarizes the chief contributions of this volume. He argues persuasively that students of Edwards need to attend closely to his “chief occupation”: biblical exegesis. Much work still needs to be done on this aspect of Edwards, and Sweeney offers suggestions about elements of Edwards’ exegetical endeavors requiring further attention. Those interested in Edwards’ work with modern higher criticism have much more work to do on his handling of the historicity of the Pentateuch, the scope of biblical prophecy, the synoptic problem, and more. Those inclined toward the contents of Edwards’ major treatises have far more to do on their relation to the Bible and what Edwards took to be the Bible’s theological claims. And all of us have more to do on Edwards’ biblical context and interlocutors, and the bearing of these sources on his preaching, teaching, and writing.
Sabina’s Personal History
Authors: Brennan T. Corey
Published: April 2018

Trajan and Hadrian were natives of Hispania Baetica, sons of Roman senators, and cousins once removed. Trajan became Hadrian’s guardian, and around 100, Hadrian married Trajan’s grandniece Sabina. Nothing else of her first 30 years or so is recorded by the literary or (so it seems) inscriptional sources—even her whereabouts in August 117, when Hadrian learned of his adoption by Trajan in a dying act. This chapter reviews the few available chronological items for Sabina’s life: assumption of the title ‘Augusta’ in 128; presence on Hadrian’s third and final journey (128–133); survival into 137; deification upon death; and burial (in later 139) in Hadrian’s Mausoleum. The chapter also surveys Sabina’s representation in the literary sources, which are essentially late epitomators and the Historia Augusta. Even the most basic outlines of what Sabina did and how contemporaries regarded her are obscure, never mind her internal life.
Hadrian’s Personality
Authors: Brennan T. Corey
Published: April 2018

Hadrian’s life was a string of controversial episodes, on which even our summary sources had to acknowledge variant traditions: Plotina’s alleged role in Hadrian’s adoption by Trajan, his execution of four consulars in 118, his relationship with Antinoös and the youth’s death in October 130. Add to that the nature of Hadrian’s marriage, his adoption of Lucius Aelius in 136 and Antoninus Pius in 138, the emperor’s death in July 138, and the ensuing fierce debate over his memory (including deification). Our literary sources, it is argued, use these incidents to illustrate a conventional notion of Hadrian’s complex, shifting personality, which was unable to control extremes of emotions. The late-second-century senatorial biographer Marius Maximus apparently was an influential source for later writers on this emperor’s life. The biographer’s picture of a self-contradictory Hadrian colored Maximus’ portrayal of Sabina, whom he presented so as to magnify the emperor’s shortcomings and failings.
Sabina’s Death and Deification
Authors: Brennan T. Corey
Published: April 2018

The chapter places Sabina’s death firmly in late 137. It first studies a relief depicting Hadrian’s consecration ceremony for her on Rome’s Campus Martius. No literary source mentions her deification, but coinage and inscriptions confirm it. Perhaps Hadrian’s failing health and the intense political conflict following his adoption of Aelius Caesar provide a context for the empress’s death, especially given the ancient tradition that Hadrian forced her into suicide. Divinization came naturally to the deceased empress, even though Hadrian alienated the Senate thoroughly and quashed much of that body’s good will for Sabina’s memory. After Hadrian’s death, his adopted heir Antoninus did complete the late emperor’s Mausoleum and buried the imperial couple there in 139, but before the Senate allowed Hadrian the same divine honors as Sabina’s. The chapter also details how, after Sabina’s deification, Matidia II aggrandized herself in Antoninus Pius’ and Marcus Aurelius’ reigns.
Introduction
Authors: Brownstein Michael
Published: April 2018

Heroes are often admired for their ability to act without having “one thought too many,” as Bernard Williams put it. Likewise, the unhesitating decisions of masterful athletes and artists are part of their fascination. Examples like these make clear that spontaneity can represent an ideal. However, recent literature in empirical psychology has shown how vulnerable our spontaneous inclinations can be to bias, shortsightedness, and irrationality. How can we make sense of these different roles that spontaneity plays in our lives? This chapter describes several case studies of both the “virtues” and “vices” of spontaneity. It lays out the arguments to come in the book in support of the claim that understanding both the virtues and vices of spontaneity requires understanding the implicit mind. The concept of “implicitness” is itself discussed, and a roadmap for the book is provided.
Perception, Emotion, Behavior, and Change
Authors: Brownstein Michael
Published: April 2018

This chapter describes the four components of unplanned spontaneous inclinations. These are (1) noticing a salient Feature in the ambient environment; (2) feeling an immediate, directed, and affective Tension; (3) reacting Behaviorally; and (4) moving toward Alleviation of that tension in such a way that one’s spontaneous reactions can improve over time. Noticing a salient feature (F), in other words, sets a relatively automatic process in motion, involving co-activating particular feelings (T) and behaviors (B) that either will or will not diminish over time (A), depending on the success of the action. The interaction of FTBA components is described in terms of recent debates about the contents of perception, affective representation, and model-free and model-based evaluative learning.
Caring, Implicit Attitudes, and the Self
Authors: Brownstein Michael
Published: April 2018

Across both virtue and vice cases, spontaneity has the potential to give rise to actions that seem “unowned.” Agents may lack self-awareness, control, and reasons-responsiveness in paradigmatic cases. But these are actions nevertheless, in the sense that they are not mere happenings. While agents may be passive in an important sense when acting spontaneously, they are not thereby necessarily victims of forces acting upon them (from either “outside” or “inside” their own bodies and minds). The central claim of this chapter is that spontaneous actions can be, in central cases, “attributable” to agents, by which I mean that they reflect upon the character of those agents. This claim is made on the basis of a care-based theory of attributability. Attributability licenses (in principle) what some theorists call “aretaic” appraisals. These are evaluations of an action in light of an agent’s character or morally significant traits.
Reflection, Responsibility, and Fractured Selves
Authors: Brownstein Michael
Published: April 2018

The preceding chapter established that paradigmatic spontaneous actions can be “ours” in the sense that they reflect upon us as agents. But a number of questions remain about the relationship between the implicit mind and the self. First, what exactly is the relationship between cares and action, such that actions can “reflect upon” cares? Second, when an action reflects upon what one cares about, is one thereby responsible for that action? In other words, are we responsible for the spontaneous actions in which our implicit attitudes are implicated? Third, do implicit attitudes reflect who we are, really truly deep down? This chapter attempts to answer these questions and to answer concerns about the roles of intentions to act, self-awareness, and rational judgments in assessing attributability for implicit attitudes.