bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Yukaghir tale of the little moose hunter: Semantics of the image (in comparison with the Yakut fairy tale)
Authors: Prokopeva Praskovya Egorovna
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study is to reveal the semantics of one of the characters of the oral folk art of the forest yukaghirs – a small moose hunter. The variant texts of the Yukaghirs with this character are analyzed in comparison with the Yakut folklore material, where there is a plot similar to the Yukaghir one. The scientific novelty consists in revealing the original meaning of the image of the little elk hunter and individual elements of the plot about him in the context of ethnographic data, folklore studies. As a result of the study, it is shown that the actions of the hero characterize him as endowed with magical skills: he commands the winds associated with different sides of the world and uses them to move in space, which is interpreted as a journey through the worlds; with an effort of thought, he materializes a boat and returns home on it, which goes back to crossing a water barrier as the border between worlds; gets moose, being inside it, like those with supernatural abilities. The symbolism of these actions is associated with the themes of transition to the other world, death and rebirth. In the story of a small craftsman, mythological codes are hidden behind the general content of the fairy tale, which focuses on the external data of the hero, who eventually dies in an absurd way. The shift in the meanings of folklore narration allows us to consider a fairy tale as a humorous plot, a tall tale.
Prosodic markers of the state of "joy" (using the example of linguistic realizations of Kabardian Bilinguals in the Caucasian Mineral Waters region)
Authors: Frolova Anastasia Vadimovna
Published: June 2024

The present study is devoted to the study of ethnospecific features of the expression of emotions in the speech of representatives of Kabardian and Russian ethnogroups of the Caucasian Mineral Waters region based on the material of an experimental corpus of quasi-spontaneous audio files-dialogues marked with the emotional state "joy", recorded by representatives of Russian and Kabardian ethnogroups. The aim of the study is to identify nationally specific prosodic markers of the state of "joy" based on the material of the Russian and Kabardian ethnogroups of the Caucasian Mineral Waters region. The scientific novelty of the study consists in identifying ethnically conditioned signs that manifest the difference in emotionally marked communication models in the speech of North Caucasian bilinguals. Acoustic analysis of the material showed differences in the sound characteristics of speech between the Russian and the interfered variants, such as an increase in the intervals of raising and lowering the tone, an expansion of the tonal range of the phrase and changes in the formant values of vowels. The results obtained prove that both the formant picture of the studied replicas in the implementation of Kabardian and Russian ethnogroups and the data of the level of phrasal prosody are ethnically conditioned, and emotionally marked communication models differ in qualitative characteristics.
Verbalization of the information structure of English-language business memoirs
Authors: Efremov Bogdan Vyacheslavovich , Panfilova Serafima Sergeyevna
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study is to identify universal and specific parameters of the verbalization of the information structure of the memoir texts of British and American entrepreneurs. The article defines the elements of the information structure of English-language business memoirs, which is considered in the form of a number of thematic groups. The main attention is paid to the description of multi-level language tools with which a specific thematic group is implemented. In addition, a comparative analysis of linguistic means in the memoir texts of British and American entrepreneurs is presented, through which similarities and differences in the verbalization of their information structure are determined. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the definition and systematization of text-building tools of business memoirs of English-speaking entrepreneurs based on their generalized information structure. As a result of the study, it was found that in the process of verbalization of the information structure in the texts of English-language memoirs of entrepreneurs, the use of both universal language tools and specific ones is observed. The language specifics are directly dependent on a certain thematic group. Also, English-language business memoirs have revealed some differences of a text-building nature due to differences in British and American mentalities.
Creativity of Precedents: from Word to Text. The Boundaries of Actualization (on the Material of English and Russian Languages)
Authors: Sidorova Natalia Anatolievna , Kurochkina Elena Vladimirovna , Khromochkina Olga Vasiljevna
Published: June 2024

The aim of the study is to describe the ways of creating precedents in language, the possibilities of their realization, characteristic of ethnic language and culture. The article considers the situations of using precedent units in speech communication on the material of English and Russian languages. The analysis of the use of precedent units revealed the creative potential of the phenomenon of precedence and identified a number of opportunities for further study of the phenomenon in the activity aspect. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that for the first time creative possibilities of precedent language units are considered within the framework of the system-activity approach to the study of speech communication in linguistic, cognitive and communicative dimensions. As a result of the study it was established that the creative process of making a precedent unit is an individual cognitive-communicative activity of each of the communicators. Highly communicative communicators are most active in the generation of creative texts; precedence in speech is justified by the framework of conjugation of cognitive activity, communicative activity of the author and cognitive activity, communicative activity of the recipient of speech communication.
Polymarker contexts with the particle “still”: semantics and pragmatics
Authors: Loshanina Maria Nikolaevna
Published: June 2024

The aim of the study is to establish whether the use of several units with similar meaning as part of the combinations “but still”, “although ... but”, “although ... but still” is a manifestation of linguistic redundancy or each component contributes to the formation of the integral meaning of the utterance, and to describe the semantic status of “still” as part of polymarker utterances. To solve this goal, the article analyzes the semantics of the units “but”, “although”, “still” both independently functioning and as part of combinations. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that for the first time the semantic contribution of units with similar meaning “but”, “although”, “although … but” in polymarker utterances is revealed and described on the material of contexts from the National Corpus of the Russian Language. As a result of the study it was found that in the contexts with the combinations “still”, “although ... but”, “although ... but still” the formation of the meaning of the statement is carried out due to the semantics of each component, which has its own functional load. “Still” in polymarker contexts acts as an indicator of information of different degrees of importance and is used to correct possible misinterpretation of implicit meanings.
The Role of The Internal Audit Unit in the Indonesia Civil Pilot Academy Public Service Agency
Authors: Kawakibi Yasyfa' , Susanto Hery
Published: June 2024

The Indonesia Civil Pilot Academy Public Service Agency is an educational institution under the Ministry of Transportation. A Public Service Agency is responsible for managing finances and budgets effectively and efficiently. A unit that supports the effectiveness of the Public Service Agency’s financial management is the Internal Audit Unit. This research examines the role of the Internal Audit Unit in improving financial efficiency at the Public Service Agency of the Indonesia Civil Pilot Academy. The method used is qualitative research with a field study approach. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and document study. The research included interviews with three participants who are directly involved with the Indonesia Civil Pilot Academy’s finances: the Head of The Internal Audit Unit, The Expenditure Treasurer, and The Program and Activity Plan Analyst. The research results show that internal unit audit plays an important role in the Public Service Agency of the Indonesia Civil Pilot Academy. The internal audit unit can ensure that the use of Public Service Agency funds is carried out effectively and efficiently, as well as maintaining accountability and compliance with laws and regulations. Results suggest that a competent and well-communicating Internal Audit Unit is vital for optimal financial management.
A generic approach in tackling the Yang-Mills Theory’s existence and mass gap problem – Conditions found for which the mass gap do not exist in different gauge theories
Authors: Zhou Xinyi
Published: June 2024

The Yang-Mills Theory’s existence and mass gap problem is one of the unsolved problems in mathematics and mathematical physics. It is proposed by the physicists Chen Ning Yang and Robert Mills in 1953. Although the academical literature expects the mass gap to exist in non-abelian gauge theories (e.g.quantum chromodynamics resp. QCD) in any dimensions less or equal than 4, until this day, no unconditional and generic proof valid for all dimensions, circumstances and use cases could be delivered for the mass gap existence even in non-abelian gauge theories like quantum chromodynamics resp. QCD. In our work, we firstly build our main particle model for both abelian gauge theories (e.g. QED) and especially non-abelian gauge theories like QCD (non-pure QCD with matter fields & quarks and pure QCD without quark particles). Then we apply the energy-momentum relation to our main particle models and finally we are able to disprove the existence of mass gap in both abelian and non-abelian gauge theories like QED and non-pure & pure QCD through discovering a set of counter examples and conditions for which the mass gap existence is not feasible, because the relationship between mass of the massive particle in non-vacuum state and the minimum decrease of initial momentum of the original particle in vacuum derived from the energy-momentum relation formula would always be violated under these conditions and circumstances.
A Cognitive Transition Underlying Both Technological and Social Aspects of Cumulative Culture
Authors: Gabora Liane , Smith Cameron
Published: June 2024

The argument that cumulative technological culture originates in technical-reasoning skills is not the only alternative to social accounts; another possibility is that accumulation of both technical-reasoning skills and enhanced social skills stemmed from the onset of a more basic cognitive ability such as recursive representational redescription. The paper confuses individual learning of pre-existing information with creative generation of new information.
The Impact of Viewing Art on Well-being—A Systematic Review of the Evidence Base and Suggested Mechanisms
Authors: Trupp mackenzie D , Howlin Claire , Fekete Anna , Kutsche Julian , Fingerhut Joerg , Pelowski Matthew
Published: June 2024

Art viewing has been increasingly seen as having benefits for well-being. However, research on these impacts is disparate, and our understanding of the processes that underlie the impact of art viewing is underdeveloped. We present a systematic review (CRD42022296890), which critically evaluates the evidence of the well-being effects of art viewing, summarizes the characteristics of art viewing experiences and study designs, and presents a thematic analysis of mechanisms. CINAHL, EBSCOhost, Scopus, and Pubmed were searched, and 38 papers were included, with a total of N = 5,092 participants. Quantitative synthesis revealed a diversity of schedules, components, and outcomes. Further, more rigorous methodology is needed, as less than a quarter included control conditions. However, eudemonic well-being emerged as understudied yet had convergent evidence of effect. The thematic analysis revealed affective, cognitive, social, self-transformative, and resilience-building mechanisms. We provide reporting guidelines and a detailed database of included articles for future researchers.
A survey of religious beliefs and practices in the Finnish population
Authors: Kolk Martin , Saarela Jan , Xia Weiqian
Published: June 2024

To assess the extent of religiosity in Finland we used 6 waves of survey data from the European Social Survey (ESS EIRC, 2023). It was collected every 2 years between 2010 and 2020 using independent national representative samples of individuals 15 and above. Pooling 6 waves we got a sample size of 11419 individuals allowing us to get meaningful responses also for less common religions. In waves 6 to 10 of the ESS people could self-identify with a religion, using a set of Finland-specific religiouscategories (other waves used a European-wide classification).
Unification Theory for Classical Mechanics, Electrodynamics, Quantum Physics, General Relativity, and the Interaction between Gravity and Light
Authors: Vegt Wim
Published: June 2024

This groundbreaking Unification Theory at the forefront of physics and astronomy presents a comprehensive framework that integrates Classical Mechanics, Electrodynamics, Quantum Physics, General Relativity, and the intricate relationship between Gravity and Light. This theory delves into the profound interplay between gravity and light across both cosmic and sub-atomic scales, addressing phenomena such as Gravitational RedShift, Black Holes, and Dark Matter, as well as the nuanced dynamics of light absorption and emission at discrete energy levels within atomic structures.Diverging from conventional General Relativity paradigms, this theory introduces a novel concept involving the amalgamation of the "Stress Energy Tensor" and the innovative "Gravitational Tensor" to elucidate the Interaction between Gravity and Light. Notably, it offers a sophisticated mathematical Tensor formulation to elucidate the intricate mechanisms underlying Black Holes, particularly emphasizing the intricate Gravitational-Electromagnetic Interactions within these celestial entities, leading to paradigm-shifting insights into Gravitational Electromagnetic Confinements.By synthesizing the Electromagnetic Tensor with the Gravitational Tensor, this theory challenges existing notions surrounding the interplay of gravity and light, unveiling profound insights into phenomena such as the Gravitational Field surrounding Black Holes and the enigmatic Gravitational Lensing effects, phenomena that remain elusive within the realm of traditional General Relativity.The theory's mathematical solutions not only shed light on the enigmatic nature of Black Holes but also establish crucial links between Quantum Physics principles and the complex Gravitational Electromagnetic Interactions operative within these cosmic entities. Empirical validation through meticulous Gravitational RedShift measurements showcases a remarkable level of accuracy when juxtaposed with traditional General Relativity predictions, underscoring the theory's efficacy and precision.Furthermore, this innovative theory maintains a consistent value for the Gravitational Constant over temporal scales, setting it apart from other prominent unifying theories like String Theory, which postulate fluctuations in fundamental constants. This steadfastness in the Gravitational Constant not only underscores the theory's robustness but also positions it as a pioneering pathway towards reconciling the disparities between Quantum Physics and General Relativity on the global scientific stage.In summary, this pioneering theory stands as a beacon of scientific ingenuity, offering unparalleled insights into the intricate tapestry of the cosmos, and paving the way for new horizons in our understanding of the universe.
Integrated Intervention on the Linear Growth and Psycho-Cognitive Development of Malnourished Children Aged 6-59 Months in Kanam, Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Jacob Sunday , Jatau Audu Andrew , Darbe John Wukatda , Olakunle Falade Job , Jacob Helen. S. , Buhari Mohammed
Published: June 2024

This study examines the impact of an integrated intervention programme on the linear growth and psycho-cognitive development of malnourished children aged 6-59 months in Kanam, Plateau State, Nigeria. The intervention employs a multifaceted approach, including nutritional supplementation, psychosocial stimulation, water, sanitation and hygiene. A mixed method approach that employed multi-stage cluster sampling technique to select malnourished children aged 6 to 59 months residing in the targeted communities was used. Quantitative assessments of anthropometric measurements height/length, weight and mid-upper arm conference were undertaken to assess nutritional status, and psycho-cognitive assessment along with qualitative data from caregiver interviews and community feedback, were utilized to evaluate the intervention's effectiveness. The findings of the study show that community whose children received the complete package recorded higher liner growth. This was followed by communities whose children received two packages of nutrition and psychosocial support, as well as nutrition and water, sanitation, hygiene respectively. The community whose children received only nutrition had the least liner growth. Furthermore, the study shows a greater improvement in psycho-cognitive development among children in two communities that had psychosocial support added to their packages compare to the children from the other two communities without psychosocial support been added. Recommendations made include the need to establish community food-based intervention programmes, create awareness among parents to be more involved in psychosocial activities with children, provision of age-appropriate stimulation materials, training of parents/caregivers on responsive caregiving practices, and the need to establish safe spaces for play and learning in schools and communities.
Black movement in white spaces: How youth online protests challenge “no excuses” charter practices
Authors: McCluskey Matthew S. , Narayanan Madhu
Published: June 2024

After the murder of George Floyd, dozens of social media accounts arose describing the lived experience of being Black at various educational institutions. One subset of accounts emerged on Instagram from students and teachers at no-excuses Charter Management Organizations (CMOs). Accounts such as @blackatuncommon and @survivors_of_successacademy created a fascinating form of digital protest in which students expressed anger and frustration with their charter school experience. Using discourse analysis and content analysis, this chapter analyzes the primary content patterns of such protests. We argue that the social media posts provide a rarely heard first-hand account of the experience of being a student in a CMO, an experience filled with surveillance, cultural isolation, racism, and humiliation. More than an accounting of experience, the posts also provide perceptive critiques of the no excuses CMO model.
Providing Conservation as “Title-To-Conservation” Under IMACS
Authors: Dert Vincent
Published: June 2024

In order to prevent the devastating effects of global warming on biodiversity and in turn on humanity, CO2 emissions and other forms of environmental damage must be all but eliminated, while environmental protection and restoration must be applied on increasingly larger scales. The methods described here are used under the IMAC system and create both the vehicles and the incentives to provide very large amount of funding to finance all types of conservation, needed to attract industry to make the needed carbon sequestration investments and to create financial incentives for the various other types of environmental conservations needed. As an essential element of the Environmental Impact Measurement and Conservation System (IMACS), the “Title-To-Conservation” (TTC), allows not only a relatively fast reduction of net CO2 emissions, but a potential fast return to pre-industrial atmospheric conditions, while minimizing biodiversity losses. TTC represents the purchase and application of conservation in the name of the applying individual and is used to offset the exact amounts of environmental damage created by the product or service purchased. After calculation of the impacts of products and services, the required amounts of TTC for each impact type are purchased automatically as a 2nd purchase immediately following the primary purchase. After this 2nd purchase, the product or service is free of damaging impacts. The use of TTC will create very large market demand for all types of environmental (E) and later humane condition (H) conservation purchased by customers. TTC will need to be made available in any fractional amount and for an increasing number of types of conservation. The costs of the purchased conservation are paid by the seller using electronic (E) vouchers. Since participating sellers only pay E-voucher costs for “participating” products purchased by “participating” end-user consumers, the seller’s costs are initially very low, but create a strong incentive to become carbon neutral and to prevent other damaging impacts, eliminating future EH-voucher costs. For a supply chain layer with 100% participating actors, the EH-vouchers are forwarded along the supply chain to the retailer, resulting in each actor paying only for the EH impact damage they themselves created. By installing carbon neutral systems and otherwise preventing EH damage, the corresponding cost of EH-vouchers for “current damage” can be reduced to zero. The resulting savings remain and benefit participating sellers and buyers and work towards a rapidly more sustainable society. By providing a financial penalty to EH-damages done, equal to the cost of restoration of natural resources and humane conditions, the method solves the almost two centuries old “Tragedy of the Commons” for which the concepts extend back to antiquity (Aristotle).
Cognitive resilience and vulnerability to socioeconomic disadvantage: Individual, family, school, and neighborhood predictors
Authors: Shariq Deena , Romeo Rachel R , Gard Arianna M
Published: June 2024

Though much research links socioeconomic disadvantage to cognitive difficulties, many youth demonstrate resilience. Person-centered approaches can be used to quantify this developmental heterogeneity and challenge deficit-centered frameworks. This study leverages person-centered and data-driven methods to quantify and characterize cognitive heterogeneity in early adolescents experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage. In a sample of 9,839 youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ Study (47.7% female sex; Mage=9.90 years; 46.7% White), four profiles based on SER and multi-domain cognitive functioning were identified, including two profiles characterized by moderate-to-high-SER (74.5%) and two profiles characterized by low-SER (25.5%). Among youth in low-SER environments, 88.6% were classified as Cognitively Resilient and 11.4% were classified as Cognitively Vulnerable. Despite having the least SER, youth in the Cognitive Resilience profile demonstrated cognitive performance scores similar to youth with moderate-to-high access to SER. In contrast, youth in the Cognitive Vulnerability profile demonstrated markedly lower performance compared to the other profiles (i.e., 1.3 to 2.3 SD below the sample mean). Ridge regression identified predictors of profile membership at the individual level and within family, neighborhood, and school environments. Suburban residence (OR=1.31), advanced pubertal maturity (OR=1.20), bilingualism (OR=1.14), and greater caregiver monitoring (OR=1.10) were most strongly associated with lower-SER youths’ membership in the Cognitive Resilience profile. Results emphasize the need to challenge deficit-centered frameworks by investigating heterogeneity within adversity-exposed youth and identifying context-specific risk and protective factors. NOTE: This paper is currently under review (submitted 6/3/2024).
Returning to reality: Why optimism declines in childhood
Authors: Leonard Julia , Sommerville Jessica A.
Published: June 2024

Optimism is widely heralded as a driver of individual and societal achievement. Yet decades of work in psychological science have revealed that optimism declines throughout early childhood. Despite this well-documented decline, there is no agreed-upon theory that accounts for developmental changes in optimism. In this article, we integrate insights from cognitive, computational, social, and neural perspectives to discuss three candidate mechanisms through which optimism declines with age: Learning from experience, changing theories of success and wishful thinking, and valenced learning biases shifting over time. We argue that declining optimism across childhood is best characterized by changes in children’s theories and valenced learning biases that can be sped up or slowed down by first-person and social experience across development. This novel framework suggests that optimism should be conceptualized not solely as an individual trait, but also as an adaptive bias that signals the nature of one’s environment. Based on this framework, we propose a definition of optimism that unifies research across disparate subfields and recommend future lines of inquiry.
Typological and cumulative approaches to risk and adversity in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS): retrospective cohort analysis in South London
Authors: Coughlan Barry , Marshall Nicole , Woolgar Matt , Mannes Julia , Erkiert Paige , Humphrey Ayla , Smith Jack , Drayak Taliah , Crozier-Roche Francesca , Morgan Tessa , Hutchinson Dustin , Graham David , Hood Rick , Duschinsky Robbie
Published: June 2024

Background: Childhood adversity is robustly associated with mental ill-health. Yet questions remain about how different conceptualisations of adversity relate to psychiatric diagnoses and service activity. This research aims to examine associations between typological and cumulative conceptualisations of adversity, and psychiatric diagnosis and service activity. Methods: We analysed risk assessment data from 21,072 young people attending mental health services in South London. These assessments include items relating to maltreatment, parental mental health difficulties, substance misuse, self-harm, and violent behaviour. Using latent class analysis, we identified the following risk typologies: ‘Maltreatment and externalising behaviours’ (n = 971, 4·6%), ‘Maltreatment but low risk to self and others’ (n = 2,526, 12·0%), ‘Anti-social behaviour’ (n = 2,669, 12·7%), ‘Inadequate caregiver supervision and risk to self and others’ (n = 907, 4·3%), ‘Risk to self but not to others’ (n = 1,725, 8·2%), and ‘Mental health needs but low risk to self and others’ (n = 12,274, 58·2%).Two cumulative risk models were created: 1) all risk items 2) Adverse Childhood Experiences-related cumulative risk (ACES-CR). Controlling for gender, ethnicity, age, and deprivation, we examined associations between risk typologies, cumulative risk, and the following outcomes: 1) psychiatric diagnosis 2) face-to-face appointments 3) missed appointments 4) referral to social services.Outcomes: Risk in its various conceptualisations was consistently and robustly associated with conduct disorder. Risk also tended to be associated with more face-to-face appointments, missed appointments, and referral to social services. Associations between individual risk typologies and psychiatric diagnosis and service activity are discussed.Interpretation: Our findings suggest that typological and cumulative approaches to risk and adversity can produce unique insights about diagnostic practices and service activity. This work provides further evidence for the contribution of contextual factors to mental ill-health and further work is required to explore the longer-term trajectories of these young people.
Análisis del presupuesto de las universidades públicas del Guayas para las nuevas tecnologías de la información y comunicación
Authors: Leoro Llerena Mónica , Lindao Menoscal Jenniffer
Published: June 2024

El presente estudio se origina debido a la importancia de las nuevas herramientas tecnológicas disponibles en la actualidad y que se han hecho fundamentales para el desarrollo de los nuevos procesos educativos, el objetivo principal es analizar el presupuesto de las Universidades Públicas del Guayas en el desarrollo de las Nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación durante el periodo 2016-2020. La metodología utilizada está directamente relacionada con la investigación exploratoria, documental y descriptiva, es de enfoque mixto con mayor fortaleza en lo cuantitativo ya que se utiliza el método estadístico, en tanto que en lo cualitativo se utilizó la técnica ficha bibliográfica.  Entre los principales resultados se relacionan con que el gasto público en educación alcanzó el 4,62% en el año 2018 siendo la cifra más alta, la Universidad de Guayaquil es la institución que más recursos recibe por parte del estado debido a la extensión de la entidad en infraestructura y oferta académica, la Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral es aquella que presenta una información más detallada referente a las nuevas tecnologías de la información y comunicación, además de eso es la primera Institución de Educación Superior en ofertar una licenciatura en las TIC.
URL: https://revistas.uta.edu.ec/erevista/index.php/bcoyu/article/view/2082
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) In Small Island Nation- Maldives, Leading Cardiac Care to A Higher Standard
Authors: Tiwari Kaushal Kishore , Shafiu Mohamed , Barakoti Murari , Nema Ashish Kumar , Kumar Athul Suresh , Razzag Dusooma Abdul , Manandhar Diwas , Sai Satish
Published: June 2024

Background: Surgical aortic valve replacement is still considered the preferred treatment option for patients with severe aortic valve stenosis, and it is known to improve the survival of the patients. However, about 30-50% of patients are not operated on due to several reasons including old age, high risk and other comorbidities. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) is emerging as an alternative treatment option for elderly patients with high surgical risk.
Methods: In our study, four patients have undergone TAVI from February 2022 till May 2023 using Medtronic Transcatheter Aortic Valve, Core valve Evolut R (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) bioprosthesis.
Results: All the patients were discharged early. Follow-up Echocardiography showed decreased transaortic gradient with improved quality of life.
Conclusion: We conclude, implementation and use of this emerging technology in small Island Nations like Maldives would help to treat many patients, mostly elderly and high-risk as well as patients with intermediate risk requiring aortic valve surgery with less morbidity and comparable mortality in comparison to SAVR.
Femoral artery Pseudo-aneurysm: Presentation, Causation and Outcome in Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Centre of a Tertiary Level Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Bibhush , Paudyal Shiva Prasad , Bhattarai Anil
Published: June 2024

Background: Peripheral arterial pseudo-aneurysms are of varied etiology and are quite common presenting from simple swelling to life threatening hemorrhage and sepsis. Our study aimed at evaluating our Institute’s experience with femoral artery pseudo-aneurysm over a span of 2 years with particular focus on the various range of presentations, causative factors and management outcomes.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of patients with diagnosis of femoral arterial pseudo-aneurysm who underwent surgery was done. Data was collected retrospectively from Anesthesia and vascular surgery records as well as administrative records.
Results: Over the duration of 2 years we found a total of 135 cases of femoral artery pseudo-aneurysm treated in our center. Intravenous drug abuse (112) followed by catheter induced (11) was the commonest etiology. Demographics showed a propensity towards the youth with most cases in the 20-30 age group (78, 58%) followed by 30-40 (35, 25%). A painful swelling with tenderness (91) was the commonest presentation. All patients underwent surgical treatment with 62 (45 %) patients undergoing ligation and the same numbers undergoing pseudo-aneurysm repair, 62 (45%). 78 (58%) patients had an uneventful recovery. However 18 cases had to undergo limb amputation and 7 patients lost their lives due to various complications.
Conclusion: Our study found that femoral artery pseudo-aneurysms present with various etiology and presentation, poses a huge challenge to the clinicians for surgery and management of its complications.
Insight into The Status of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Training in Nepal
Authors: Tiwari Kaushal Kishore
Published: June 2024

Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery is at a developing stage in Nepal. In Nepal, training of CTV surgeons started in the beginning of the 21st century. Nevertheless, there is already a decrease in trainee’s interest in this specialization leading CTVS training to a gasping state at its very neonatal age. Globally, training of medical professionals, in particular CTV surgeons, has been under continuous evolution since its inception. Analogously, in Nepal, the duration of the CTVS training and academic curriculum needs upgrading to meet international standards. Introduction of new concepts, learning advanced diagnostic and  therapeutic techniques is important for CTV surgeons in Nepal, to become a competent member of the multidisciplinary Heart Team.
Clinico Microbiological Study of Infection In Burn Patients at BPKIHS Teaching Hospital
Authors: Thapaliya Narad Prasad
Published: June 2024

Background: Each year around 2,00,000 peoples globally are injured by burn and 1,00,000 of these seek medical attention out of which 10,000 lose their lives. prevention is better in burns. The exact data about burns patient in Nepal is not known.
Methods: Prospective observational study carried out at surgical ward of BPKIHS Teaching Hospital between 15 May 2001 to 14 May, 2002 i.e. one year altogether.
Results: There were total 95 cases of burn patients admitted and managed by BPKIHS Teaching Hospital during that periods. Males were 40% (38) and Females were 60% (57). Accidental burns injury was 90.55% (86) and flame burns were 83% (79). Mixed infection in 36%, Acinobacter in 32% and pseudomonas in 14.4% found in wound swab cultures. Ofloxacin was found sensitive in 91.6%. 27% (26) patients expired in our study.
Conclusion: Mortality is high in our study because of Major burn patients came late in our Teaching Hospital for treatment.
Editorial Vol.2
Authors: Karmacharya Jayaram
Published: June 2024

No Abstract is available.
Effect of Remittance on Household Welfare in Nepal
Authors: Pasa Rajan Binayek , Kharel Suman
Published: June 2024

Remittance is becoming prominent source of family income in Nepal. This study thus, analyzes effect of remittance on household welfare. We adopted cross-sectional study design to collect data from 777 randomly selected respondents residing in Chautara Sngachwokgadhi (Mountain region), Galkot (Hill) and Mithila (Tarai) municipalities of Nepal. We used a reliable questionnaire tool having 0.8 cronbach alpha, and we visited the respondents from 6th June- 18th October 2022. The study found that the remittance has positive effect on household welfare of the remittance recipient households. They have good access to households, educational, financial and health facilities. Utilization of remittance helped to increase family income, helped to improve family economic situation and livelihood, helped to reduce family poverty and social exclusion, helped to create self-employment/employment and help to upgrade rural economy in the study area. However, remittance has failed to increase agriculture production and distributions (domestic household hazard) and also failed to increase entrepreneurship development in the local levels. Therefore, the empirical findings of the study can be a reference for developing evidence based policy to the concerned state actor and non-state stakeholders for minimizing public moral hazard and domestic household hazards caused by remittance.
A Review of Village Tourism in Nepal: Concept and Practice
Authors: Badal Bharat Prasad , Adhiakri Prasuram
Published: June 2024

Nepal is a country of 753 local governments. Of the total, 736 local government (276 municipalities and 460 rural municipalities) excluding six metros and 11 sub metros are the full of village attributes-arts, culture, civilization, history and outstanding natural beauty. The transformation of village settlements into potential tourist destinations will be the village tourism initiatives in Nepal. The transformation is generally based on Tourism planning and the planning is based on its concepts and practices. Thus, the study has been conducted to identify the basic concepts and contemporary practices of village tourism in Nepal. From the methodological perspective it is a general qualitative review of recently published journal articles. The study found that village tourism helped to maintain community wellbeing and reduce poverty in homestay tourism destinations. Contrary to that community people particularly residing in other villages are still economically poor and vulnerable. Thereby, their economic poverty can be eradicated through the implementation of appropriate village tourism concepts such as smart village tourism, spatial village tourism and community based ecotourism. In doing so, 736 local government of Nepal must develop at least 5,400 community homestay (six to nine in each local level) tourism destinations. The priority must be given to Nepali tourists as well as Chinese and Indian tourists through different packages in all season and regions. Top-level political leaders and bureaucrats must be able to make diplomatic relation with China and India for promoting village tourism throughout the country.
Factors of Agricultural Transformation in Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Pawan Singh
Published: June 2024

The fundamental challenge of developing countries like Nepal is the need to modernize traditional agriculture in order to establish it as a key sector to kick off the growth of other sectors of the economy. Therefore, this paper has assessed the present state of agricultural development in Nepal to identify the major areas for reform. This paper adopted review and a descriptive analysis of the available official data from various government documents and research papers. The analysis has revealed that agricultural growth has been slow and that the contribution of the agriculture sector to GDP is also decreasing. The overall investment in the agricultural sector has been insufficient, resulting in numerous other issues, such as high productivity gaps, persistent food insecurity, and agricultural trade deficits. A concerted effort is required to achieve an agricultural transformation in Nepal, encompassing all the major sectors of agricultural growth. It is unlikely that the burgeoning problems of the Nepalese economy will be solved in the near future without the radical transformation of the agricultural sector.
The Relationship among Emotional Stability Personality Traits, Self-efficacy and Organizational Commitments of Managers and Subordinates in Nepalese Saving and Credit Cooperatives
Authors: Basnet Dess Mardan , Shrestha Rohit Kumar , Birla Mahima , Aryal Narayan Prasad
Published: June 2024

The Saving and Credit Cooperative is a member-owned financial institution. The primary goal is to mobilize funds to improve the members' and society's socioeconomic position to generate profit within the community and its members. We examined the relationship between emotional stability (neuroticism), affective commitment, normative commitment, and continuance commitment of managers of saving and credit cooperatives in Kathmandu District. Likewise, the study investigated managerial-level employees’ self-efficacy and affective commitment. The study found the differences in commitment levels of managerial-level ethnic groups of SACCOS. The study found differences in organizational commitment levels between managerial-level employees and subordinates of SACCOS. The study has used three standardized questionnaires: The mini-IPIP Scale, the General Perceived Self-efficacy Scale, and the Organizational Commitment Scale. A purposive sampling method was administered (N=826). The data was collected from 206 SACCOS in the Kathmandu District. The samples were 189 managers and 637 subordinates of SACCOS respectively. A descriptive analysis was performed as well as Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient, the Mann-Whitney U Test, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to carry out the statistical analysis of the data. Emotional stability personality trait was negatively correlated with affective commitment and however, continuance, & normative commitment were insignificant. The results showed the differences in organizational commitment between the managerial position and subordinates. The organizational commitment did not find differences in ethnic groups of SACCOS.
भुन्टीको भविष्य कथाको समाजशास्त्र
Authors: रेग्मी रेखा , ढकाल निर्मला
Published: June 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख भुन्टीको भविष्य कथाको विश्लेषण मीमांसावादी चिन्तक लुसिएँ गोल्डम्यानद्वारा साहित्यको समाजशास्त्रीय अध्ययनमा आधारित छ । यो लेख गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान पद्धतिमा आधारित छ । यस लेखको सैद्धान्तसक अधार गोल्डम्यानको उत्पत्तिमूलक संरचनावादअन्तर्गत पर्ने विश्वदृष्टिसँग सम्बन्धित छ । लुसिएँ गोल्डम्यानले मार्क्सवादको वर्गसङ्घर्ष र वर्गचेतनासम्बन्धी मान्यतामा फरक दृष्टि राख्दै साहित्यसम्बन्धी चिन्तनलाई समाजशास्त्रीय रूप दिने काम गरेका छन् । समाजमा फरक फरक दृष्टिकोण र संस्कृति अँगालेका वर्ग र समुदाय हुन्छन् । त्यस्ता वर्ग र सुमदायको एउटा निश्चित दृष्टिकोण र मान्यता हुन्छ । उनीहरूको आफ्नै संस्कृति र विचारधारा हुन्छ । त्यही दृष्टिकोण, मान्यता वा विचारधारालाई त्यस वर्गको विश्वदृष्टि भनिन्छ । यस कथामा दलाल र तस्करको प्रभावमा परी राज्यले सामाजिक व्यवस्था, सुशासन, विधिको शासन र कानुनी राज्यको प्रत्याभूतिका नाममा प्रायोजित र आततायी ढङ्गले सञ्चालन गर्ने नरसंहार तथा त्यसले सिर्जना गर्ने आतङ्क र संत्रासमय वातावरणमा ज्यान जोगाएका आमबालबालिकाको अनिश्चित, अनिर्णित,  भयावह र कारूणिक परिस्थितिलाई विश्वदृष्टिका रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । यस कथामा आफ्नो कुनै पहिचान र विशिष्ट जीवनचेतना नभएका समुदायको पहिचान र वासस्थान दुवै नेपालका नक्सामा नरहेको वस्तुताप्रति आक्रोशित र प्रतिरोधात्मक विश्वदृष्टिको प्रस्तुतिसहित राज्यको दमनका कारण विस्थापित बनेका निरिह बालबालिकाको अन्योलग्रस्त भविष्यप्रति लक्ष्यित परिधीय विश्वदृष्टि पनि कथामा आएको विषयको विमर्शमा केन्द्रित छ ।
Optimization of Three Phase Partitioning Purification of Papain from Carica papaya Latex by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Mahatara Shreya Chhetry , Maskey Bunty
Published: June 2024

Three phase partitioning (TPP), a novel and non-chromatographic method was effectively applied for the extraction and recovery of papain from Carica papaya latex. The effect of change in ammonium sulfate concentration, crude extract to solvent ratio and pH on extraction efficiency was studied, and these parameters were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken Design. The protease was found to be concentrated more at the aqueous phase (AP) with 51.08% ammonium sulfate precipitation, crude extract to tert-butanol ratio of 1:0.78 (v/v), and pH 6.05 resulting 9.242 purification fold and 159.806% activity recovery. Compared to the intermediate phase (IP), the AP demonstrated higher recovery and purification fold. Purified papain showed significantly (p<0.05) greater activity at a temperature of 60°C and pH of 6.0. It also demonstrated stability within the temperature range of 40 to 70°C and pH range of 6.0 to 8.0. Enzyme retained maximum milk clotting activity when stored under freezing (-20°C) for 3 weeks. This study showed that the TPP can be used to extract and purify papain from papaya latex economically and it can also be employed as a vegetable coagulant for cheesemaking.
Stress is Related to the Sleep Quality of Final-Level Nursing Students
Authors: Riyadi Muskhab Eko , Ahmad Siti Nurjana
Published: June 2024

A study of 200,000 students at more than 400 universities stated that the incidence of academic stress among students is greater than before. Stress is often experienced by final-year students due to the many demands in the academic field. This accumulated stress makes students more susceptible to experiencing sleep disorders. The research aimed to determine the relationship between stress levels and sleep quality in final-year nursing students at STIKes Surya Global Yogyakarta. This is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design, the population in this study was 140 final-year nursing students who were working on their thesis at STIKes Surya Global Yogyakarta. Based on calculations, the minimum sample size was 59 respondents. The sampling technique uses a random sampling proportion technique. The instruments in this research were the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to measure stress levels and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to determine the quality of respondents' sleep. Statistical tests use the Kendal-Tau test. The research results showed that the majority of final year nursing students at STIKes Surya Global Yogyakarta experienced moderate stress, namely 33 respondents (55.9%) and had poor sleep quality, namely 54 respondents (91.5%). Statistical tests show a p-value of 0.000 and a correlation coefficient of 0.471. The conclusion is that there is a strong relationship between stress and sleep quality in final-year students at STIKes Surya Global Yogyakarta.