bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exercise adherence improving long‐term patient outcome in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and/or knee
Authors: Pisters Martijn F. , Veenhof Cindy , Schellevis François G. , Twisk Jos W. R. , Dekker Joost , De Bakker Dinny H.
Published: March 2010

Objective

To determine the effect of patient exercise adherence within the prescribed physical therapy treatment period and after physical therapy discharge on patient outcomes of pain, physical function, and patient self‐perceived effect in individuals with osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip and/or knee.

Methods

We performed a prospective observational followup study in which 150 patients with OA of the hip and/or knee receiving exercise therapy were followed for 60 months. Data were obtained from a randomized controlled trial, with assessments at baseline and 3, 15, and 60 months of followup. The association between exercise adherence and patient outcomes of pain, physical function, and self‐perceived effect was examined using generalized estimating equations analyses.

Results

Adherence to recommended home exercises and being more physically active were significantly associated with better treatment outcomes of pain, self‐reported physical function, physical performance, and self‐perceived effect. The association between adherence and outcome was consistent over time. Adherence to home activities was only associated with better self‐perceived effect.

Conclusion

Better adherence to recommended home exercises as well as being more physically active improves the long‐term effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with OA of the hip and/or knee. Both within and after the treatment period, better adherence is associated with better patient outcomes of pain, physical function, and self‐perceived effect. Since exercise adherence declines over time, future research should focus on how exercise behavior can be stimulated and maintained in the long term.
Pressure pain sensitivity topographical maps reveal bilateral hyperalgesia of the hands in patients with unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas César , Madeleine Pascal , Martínez‐Perez Almudena , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars , Jiménez‐García Rodrigo , Pareja Juan A.
Published: March 2010

Objective

To assess topographical pressure pain sensitivity maps of the hand in patients with unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) as compared with healthy subjects.

Methods

A total of 20 women with CTS (ages 32–52 years) and 20 healthy matched women (ages 32–51 years) were recruited. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were measured bilaterally over 30 locations of the palm of each hand by an assessor blinded to the subjects' conditions.

Results

Patients showed lower PPTs in both hands in all of the measurement points as compared with controls (P < 0.001 for all). PPTs were lower in those points over the proximal phalanx of the fingers and the thenar eminency as compared with those points located over the distal phalanx of the fingers (P < 0.001). CTS patients showed lower PPT levels in dermatomes C6, C7, and C8 when compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001 for all), but without differences between dermatomes (P = 0.4). PPT was negatively correlated with both hand pain intensity and duration of symptoms (P < 0.001 for all).

Conclusion

Our findings revealed bilateral generalized pressure pain hyperalgesia in unilateral CTS because lower PPT levels were found in all of the points. The pressure pain hyperalgesia was not uniformly distributed since PPTs were lower in points over the proximal phalanx of the fingers and the thenar eminency as compared with those points located over the distal phalanx of the fingers. The decrease in PPT levels was associated with the intensity and the duration of the pain symptoms, supporting a role of both peripheral and central sensitization mechanisms in this pain condition.
Subtle cognitive deficits in adults with a previous history of Sydenham's chorea during childhood
Authors: Cavalcanti André , Hilário Maria Odete E. , dos Santos Flávia Heloísa , Bolognani Sílvia Adriana Prado , Bueno Orlando Francisco Amodeo , Len Claudio Arnaldo
Published: March 2010

Objective

To evaluate the neuropsychological profile and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of adults who had rheumatic fever (RF) during childhood with and without Sydenham's chorea (SC).

Methods

Three groups of patients were assessed: adults who had RF with SC during childhood (SC group), adults who had RF without SC during childhood (RF group), and controls (CT group). A range of neuropsychological tests looked at several cognitive domains. HRQOL was measured through a Brazilian version of the Short Form 36 (SF‐36) health survey.

Results

Twenty patients were included in the SC group, 23 patients in the RF group, and 19 patients in the CT group. The 3 groups were homogeneous regarding sex (P = 0.078), age (P = 0.799), schooling (P = 0.600), socioeconomic status (P = 0.138), intelligence quotient (P = 0.329), and scores for anxiety (P = 0.156) and depression (P = 0.076). The SC group demonstrated inferior performance in tests that assessed attention (Digit Span Forward [P = 0.005], Corsi Block Forward [P = 0.014]), speeded information processing (Trail Making A [P = 0.009], Symbol Search [P = 0.042]), and executive functions and working memory (Corsi Block Backward [P = 0.028]), and higher scores for attention deficit scale (P = 0.030) when compared with the RF and CT groups. They also showed a tendency toward lower scores in the physical aspects, vitality, emotional aspects, and mental health domains of the SF‐36. The RF group had a lower score for the general health domain than the CT group (P = 0.030).

Conclusion

Patients who had SC during childhood can exhibit inferior performance in tasks that evaluate attention, speeded information processing, executive functions, and working memory in adult life. Therefore, there is indirect evidence of the persistence of dysfunction in cerebral circuits involved with the basal ganglia. They also presented a worse self‐evaluation in HRQOL that was not related to cognitive impairments.
Curvature Scaling in the Medial Tibial Condyle of Large Bodied Hominoids
Authors: Sylvester Adam D. , Organ Jason M.
Published: March 2010

The shape of joint articular surfaces can provide important information about the locomotor habits of animals. Understanding sources of shape variation in these surfaces is critical to correctly inferring the link between form and function. This study tests the hypothesis that increases in body size within a species result in flatter joint contours of the joint articular surface. Joint flattening is expected to regulate the magnitude and direction of transarticular stresses passing through the joint. Three‐dimensional laser scans of polyvinylsiloxane molds of the medial tibial condyle of gorillas (n = 40), common chimpanzees (n = 40), and modern humans (n = 40) were evaluated for differences in articular surface topography, with all measures of joint curvature examined in relation to femoral head superoinferior diameter (as a surrogate for body size). Analyses did not detect an allometric shape change in the curvature of the medial tibial condyle with increasing body size within any of the three taxa examined here. Medial tibial condyle curvature appears to be largely independent of body size as estimated by femoral head diameter. These results do not provide direct support for the hypothesis that joints become flatter in response to increased transarticular loading. Anat Rec, 293:671–679, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Allometry of Masticatory Loading Parameters in Mammals
Authors: Ravosa Matthew J. , Ross Callum F. , Williams Susan H. , Costley Destiny B.
Published: March 2010

Considerable research on the scaling of loading patterns in mammalian locomotor systems has not been accompanied by a similarly comprehensive analysis of the interspecific scaling of loading regimes in the mammalian masticatory complex. To address this deficiency, we analyzed mandibular corpus bone strain in 11 mammalian taxa varying in body size by over 2.5 orders of magnitude, including goats, horses, alpacas, pigs, and seven primate taxa. During alert chewing and biting of hard/tough foods, bone‐strain data were collected with rosette gauges placed along the lateral aspect of the mandibular corpus below the molars or premolars. Bone‐strain data were used to characterize relevant masticatory loading parameters: peak loading magnitudes, chewing cycle duration, chewing frequency, occlusal duty factor, loading rate, and loading time. Interspecific analyses indicate that much as observed in limb elements, corpus peak‐strain magnitudes are similar across mammals of disparate body sizes. Chewing frequency is inversely correlated with body size, much as with locomotor stride frequency. Some of this allometric variation in chewing frequency appears to be due to a negative correlation with loading time, which increases with body size. Similar to the locomotor apparatus, occlusal duty factor, or the duration of the chewing cycle during which the corpus is loaded, does not vary with body size. Peak principal‐strain magnitudes are most strongly positively correlated with loading rate and only secondarily with loading, with this complex relationship best described by a multiple regression equation with an interaction term between loading rate and loading time. In addition to informing interpretations of craniomandibular growth, form, function, and allometry, these comparisons provide a skeleton‐wide perspective on the patterning of osteogenic stimuli across body sizes. Anat Rec, 293:557–571, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studying Primate Carpal Kinematics in Three Dimensions Using a Computed‐Tomography‐Based Markerless Registration Method
Authors: Orr Caley M. , Leventhal Evan L. , Chivers Spencer F. , Marzke Mary W. , Wolfe Scott W. , Crisco Joseph J.
Published: March 2010

The functional morphology of the wrist pertains to a number of important questions in primate evolutionary biology, including that of hominins. Reconstructing locomotor and manipulative capabilities of the wrist in extinct species requires a detailed understanding of wrist biomechanics in extant primates and the relationship between carpal form and function. The kinematics of carpal movement, and the role individual joints play in providing mobility and stability of the wrist, is central to such efforts. However, there have been few detailed biomechanical studies of the nonhuman primate wrist. This is largely because of the complexity of wrist morphology and the considerable technical challenges involved in tracking the movements of the many small bones that compose the carpus. The purpose of this article is to introduce and outline a method adapted from human clinical studies of three‐dimensional (3D) carpal kinematics for use in a comparative context. The method employs computed tomography of primate cadaver forelimbs in increments throughout the wrist's range of motion, coupled with markerless registration of 3D polygon models based on inertial properties of each bone. The 3D kinematic principles involved in extracting motion axis parameters that describe bone movement are reviewed. In addition, a set of anatomically based coordinate systems embedded in the radius, capitate, hamate, lunate, and scaphoid is presented for the benefit of other primate functional morphologists interested in studying carpal kinematics. Finally, a brief demonstration of how the application of these methods can elucidate the mechanics of the wrist in primates illustrates the closer‐packing of carpals in chimpanzees than in orangutans, which may help to stabilize the midcarpus and produce a more rigid wrist beneficial for efficient hand posturing during knuckle‐walking locomotion. Anat Rec, 293:692–709, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trabecular Bone Structure in the Humeral and Femoral Heads of Anthropoid Primates
Authors: Ryan Timothy M. , Walker Alan
Published: March 2010

The functional significance of three‐dimensional trabecular bone architecture in the primate postcranial skeleton has received significant interest over the last decade. Some previous work has produced promising results, finding significant relationships between femoral head trabecular bone structure and hypothesized locomotor loading in leaping and nonleaping strepsirrhines. Conversely, most studies of anthropoid femoral head bone structure have found broad similarity across taxonomic and locomotor groups. The goal of this study is to expand on past analyses of anthropoid trabecular bone structure by assessing the effects of differential limb usage on the trabecular bone architecture of the forelimb and hindlimb across taxa characterized by diverse locomotor behaviors, including brachiation, quadrupedalism, and climbing. High‐resolution x‐ray computed tomography scans were collected from the proximal humerus and proximal femur of 55 individuals from five anthropoid primate species, including Symphalangus syndactylus, Papio sp., Presbytis rubicunda, Alouatta caraya, and Pan troglodytes. Trabecular bone structural features including bone volume fraction, anisotropy, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number were quantified in large volumes positioned in the center of the humeral or femoral head. Femoral head trabecular bone volume is consistently and significantly higher than trabecular bone volume in the humerus in all taxa independent of locomotor behavior. Humeral trabecular bone is more isotropic than femoral trabecular bone in all species sampled, possibly reflecting the emphasis on a mobile shoulder joint and manipulative forelimb. The results indicate broad similarity in trabecular bone structure in these bones across anthropoids. Anat Rec, 293:719–729, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenanthera pavonina trypsin inhibitor retard growth of Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Macedo Maria Lígia Rodrigues , Durigan Roberta Aparecida , da Silva Desiree Soares , Marangoni Sérgio , Freire Maria das Graças Machado , Parra José Roberto Postali
Published: March 2010

Anagasta kuehniella is a polyphagous pest that feeds on a wide variety of stored products. The possible roles suggested for seed proteinase inhibitors include the function as a part of the plant defensive system against pest via inhibition of their proteolytic enzymes. In this study, a trypsin inhibitor (ApTI) was purified from Adenanthera pavonina seed and was tested for insect growth regulatory effect. The chronic ingestion of ApTI did result in a significant reduction in larval survival and weight. Larval and pupal developmental time of larvae fed on ApTI diet at 1% was significantly longer; the larval period was extended by 5 days and pupal period was 10 days longer, therefore delaying by up to 20 days and resulting in a prolonged period of development from larva to adult. As a result, the ApTI diet emergence rate was only 28% while the emergence rate of control larvae was 80%. The percentage of surviving adults (%S) decreased to 62%. The fourth instar larvae reared on a diet containing 1% ApTI showed a decrease in tryptic activity of gut and that no novel proteolytic form resistant to ApTI was induced. In addition, the tryptic activity in ApTI ‐fed larvae was sensitive to ApTI. These results suggest that ApTI have a potential antimetabolic effect when ingested by A. kuehniella. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mosquito NADPH‐cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase: kinetics and role of phenylalanine amino acid substitutions at leu86 and leu219 in CYP6AA3‐mediated deltamethrin metabolism
Authors: Sarapusit Songklod , Pethuan Sirikun , Rongnoparut Pornpimol
Published: March 2010

The NADPH‐cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CYPOR) enzyme is a membrane‐bound protein and contains both FAD and FMN cofactors. The enzyme transfers two electrons, one at a time, from NADPH to cytochrome P450 enzymes to function in the enzymatic reactions. We previously expressed in Escherichia coli the membrane‐bound CYPOR (flAnCYPOR) from Anopheles minimus mosquito. We demonstrated the ability of flAnCYPOR to support the An. minimus CYP6AA3 enzyme activity in deltamethrin degradation in vitro. The present study revealed that the flAnCYPOR purified enzyme, analyzed by a fluorometric method, readily lost its flavin cofactors. When supplemented with exogenous flavin cofactors, the activity of flAnCYPOR‐mediated cytochrome c reduction was increased. Mutant enzymes containing phenylalanine substitutions at leucine residues 86 and 219 were constructed and found to increase retention of FMN cofactor in the flAnCYPOR enzymes. Kinetic study by measuring cytochrome c–reducing activity indicated that the wild‐type and mutant flAnCYPORs followed a non‐classical two‐site Ping‐Pong mechanism, similar to rat CYPOR. The single mutant (L86F or L219F) and double mutant (L86F/L219F) flAnCYPOR enzymes, upon reconstitution with the An. minimus cytochrome P450 CYP6AA3 and a NADPH‐regenerating system, increased CYP6AA3‐mediated deltamethrin degradation compared to the wild‐type flAnCYPOR enzyme. The increased enzyme activity could illustrate a more efficient electron transfer of AnCYPOR to CYP6AA3 cytochrome P450 enzyme. Addition of extra flavin cofactors could increase CYP6AA3‐mediated activity supported by wild‐type and mutant flAnCYPOR enzymes. Thus, both leucine to phenylalanine substitutions are essential for flAnCYPOR enzyme in supporting CYP6AA3‐mediated metabolism. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms for context‐based search
Authors: Cecchini Rocío L. , Lorenzetti Carlos M. , Maguitman Ana G. , Brignole Nélida B.
Published: March 2010

Formulating high‐quality queries is a key aspect of context‐based search. However, determining the effectiveness of a query is challenging because multiple objectives, such as high precision and high recall, are usually involved. In this work, we study techniques that can be applied to evolve contextualized queries when the criteria for determining query quality are based on multiple objectives. We report on the results of three different strategies for evolving queries: (a) single‐objective, (b) multiobjective with Pareto‐based ranking, and (c) multiobjective with aggregative ranking. After a comprehensive evaluation with a large set of topics, we discuss the limitations of the single‐objective approach and observe that both the Pareto‐based and aggregative strategies are highly effective for evolving topical queries. In particular, our experiments lead us to conclude that the multiobjective techniques are superior to a baseline as well as to well‐known and ad hoc query reformulation techniques.
Meso‐Substituted Liquid Porphyrins
Authors: Nowak‐Król Agnieszka , Gryko Dorota , Gryko Daniel T.
Published: March 2010

Meso‐substituted A4‐porphyrins bearing 3,4,5‐trialkoxyphenyl substituents are efficiently synthesized and characterized. Porphyrins bearing twelve C10 and C11 alkyl chains turned out to be liquid at room temperature. The remaining porphyrins, bearing C8, C9, C12, and C18 alkyl chains, have low melting points and high solubility in nonpolar solvents. Their differential scanning calorimetry distinctly shows, in most cases, only one phase transition.
A microwell platform for the scale‐up of a multistep bioconversion to bench‐scale reactors: Sitosterol side‐chain cleavage
Authors: Marques Marco P. C. , Cabral Joaquim M. S. , Fernandes Pedro
Published: March 2010

The microwell‐scale approach is widely used for screening purposes and one‐pot biotransformations, but it has seldom been applied to complex whole cell multistep bioconversions, requiring prolonged incubation periods. The present study aims to contribute to filling this gap. The side‐chain cleavage of sitosterol to androstenedione (AD) with Mycobacterium sp. NRRL B‐3805 cells was used as a model system, and focus was given to the screening of suitable bioconversion media with 24‐well microwell plates. Results show that to perform this particular bioconversion growing cells are preferred over resting cells due to higher conversion yields obtained in aqueous medium. The use of resting cells may nevertheless present an interesting approach provided catalytic activity is retained throughout successive runs. Maintaining suitable aeration levels (air flow of 1 mL/min) allowed minimizing the decay of catalytic activity typically observed alongside consecutive bioconversion runs with resting cells. Microwell plates with dedicated oxygen and pH monitoring capabilities proved effective in media development for complex multistep bioconversions using relatively slow‐growing bacteria. Under constant kLa (0.044/s) similar AD production and dissolved oxygen profiles were observed in microwell plates and in a bench‐scale reactor. Selection of a suitable kLa value proved critical, since under lower kLa values scale‐up proved unsuccessful. The same pattern was observed when other scale‐up criteria were evaluated to perform the scale‐up of this particular bioconversion. Results gathered seem to validate the proposed approach “from microwell plate to bench‐scale fermentor”.
Spinal cord termination in adult Africans: Relationship with intercristal line and the transumbilical plane
Authors: Gatonga P. , Ogeng'o J.A. , Awori K.O.
Published: March 2010

The level of cord termination and level of vertebral intersection of intercristal line and transumbilical plane (TUP), frequently used landmarks, show ethnic variation. The relationship of the spinal cord termination to these lines is vital in spinal surgery and anesthesia, but data on these parameters are scarce in the African population. The purpose of this work is to determine the level of cord termination and establish its relationship with intercristal line and TUP. One hundred and twelve specimens obtained from the department of Human Anatomy at the University of Nairobi were used in this study. The conus medullaris was exposed by laminectomy and its vertebral level together with those of intercristal line and TUP recorded. The distance of conus medullaris from intercristal plane was measured in millimeters. Data obtained were coded and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows version 16.0 Chicago, Illinois, 2002. Student's t‐test was used in the statistical assessment of gender differences. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. The median level of termination of the cord was the upper third of L2, 51.9% of cases terminating below this. There was no statistically significant gender difference in the level of termination of the cord. The intercristal plane passed through L4/L5 disc (70.9%) and below (29.1%). The TUP corresponded with intercristal line in 78.2% of subjects. The mean distance of the spinal cord termination from intercristal line was 99 ± 24 mm. The spinal cord terminates at or below the upper third of L2. Care should be exercised during lumbar punctures and spinal epidural anesthesia among Africans. Intecristal line and TUP are safe landmarks to use in location of conus medullaris. Clin. Anat. 23:563–565, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A review of the thoracic splanchnic nerves and celiac ganglia
Authors: Loukas Marios , Klaassen Zachary , Merbs William , Tubbs R. Shane , Gielecki Jerzy , Zurada Anna
Published: March 2010

Anatomical variation of the thoracic splanchnic nerves is as diverse as any structure in the body. Thoracic splanchnic nerves are derived from medial branches of the lower seven thoracic sympathetic ganglia, with the greater splanchnic nerve comprising the more cranial contributions, the lesser the middle branches, and the least splanchnic nerve usually T11 and/or T12. Much of the early anatomical research of the thoracic splanchnic nerves revolved around elucidating the nerve root level contributing to each of these nerves. The celiac plexus is a major interchange for autonomic fibers, receiving many of the thoracic splanchnic nerve fibers as they course toward the organs of the abdomen. The location of the celiac ganglia are usually described in relation to surrounding structures, and also show variation in size and general morphology. Clinically, the thoracic splanchnic nerves and celiac ganglia play a major role in pain management for upper abdominal disorders, particularly chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Splanchnicectomy has been a treatment option since Mallet‐Guy became a major proponent of the procedure in the 1940s. Splanchnic nerve dissection and thermocoagulation are two common derivatives of splanchnicectomy that are commonly used today. Celiac plexus block is also a treatment option to compliment splanchnicectomy in pain management. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)‐guided celiac injection and percutaneous methods of celiac plexus block have been heavily studied and are two important methods used today. For both splanchnicectomies and celiac plexus block, the innovation of ultrasonographic imaging technology has improved efficacy and accuracy of these procedures and continues to make pain management for these diseases more successful. Clin. Anat. 23:512–522, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A combination method for preparing casting and transparent liver specimen
Authors: Zheng Nan , Gong Jin , Yu Sheng‐Bo , Zhang Jian‐Fei , Tang Wei , Zhang Cheng‐Hong , Bai Jian , Liu Jie , Sui Hong‐Jin , Shi Bing‐Yi
Published: March 2010

With the development of hepatic surgery and radiology, a more accurate understanding of intrahepatic vessels and hepatic segments is necessary. Previously, research in these fields was primarily by means of dissecting livers, preparing corrosion cast specimens, reconstructing three‐dimensional MSCT images of intrahepatic vessels, and so on. The aim of this study was to search for a new specimen preparing method, which could demonstrate intrahepatic vessels and the relationships between internal vessels and external structures of liver simultaneously. Rabbit livers were prepared with three different techniques in this study: (a) corrosion‐cast technique; (b) transparency technique; and (c) combination technique of cast and transparency. The results showed that the combination of casting and transparent liver specimens in group C could demonstrate both the intrahepatic vessels and the external structures clearly. The relationships between the internal vessels and external structures could also be observed clearly. In conclusion, the combination method for preparing casting and transparent liver specimen created a new approach for the research of intrahepatic vessels, especially for applied basic research of hepatic segments. Clin. Anat. 23:559–562, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological changes in the position of the mandibular foramen in dentate and edentate Brazilian subjects
Authors: Prado F.B. , Groppo F.C. , Volpato M.C. , Caria P.H.F.
Published: March 2010

This study assessed the mandibular foramen (MF) position variability in dentate and edentate Brazilian mandibles. Eighty dentate and 79 edentate mandibles of unknown sex were measured bilaterally using a digital caliper (0.1‐mm precision). Horizontal linear measurements (HM) were done from the MF to the anterior border of the mandibular ramus (MF‐A) and from the MF to the posterior border of the mandibular ramus (MF‐B). Vertical linear measurements (VM) were done from the MF to the most inferior point of the mandibular notch (MF‐C) and from the MF to the inferior border of the mandibular ramus (MF‐D). Data were analyzed by two‐way ANOVA (alpha = 5%). The HM means and standard deviations (±SD) for MF‐A were, edentate right (ER): 17.5 (±3.2) mm, edentate left (EL): 17.4 (±3.4) mm, dentate right (DR): 19.2 (±3.6) mm, and dentate left (DL): 18.8 (±3.8) mm. The means (±SD) for the MF‐B measurements were, respectively, ER: 12.8 (±2.4) mm, EL: 12.9 (±2.3) mm, DR: 14.2 (±2.4) mm, and DL: 13.9 (±2.6) mm. The VM values for the MF‐C measurements were, ER: 23.4 (±3.8) mm, EL: 22.9 (±3.7) mm, DR: 23.6 (±3.1) mm, and DL: 23.1 (±3) mm, and for the MF‐D measurements, ER: 26.4 (±4.2) mm, EL: 26.4 (±4) mm, DR 28.3 (±3.9) mm, and DL 28 (±3.8) mm. Side had no influence (p>0.05) on any edentate or dentate mandible measurement. Dentate mandible measurements showed statistically significant differences compared to the edentate mandibles, except for MF‐C. The mandibular foramen position changes with loss of teeth and this variability may be responsible for occasional failure of inferior alveolar nerve block. Clin. Anat. 23:394–398, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radical Stability Directs Electron Capture and Transfer Dissociation of β‐Amino Acids in Peptides
Authors: Ben Hamidane Hisham , Vorobyev Aleksey , Larregola Maud , Lukaszuk Aneta , Tourwé Dirk , Lavielle Solange , Karoyan Philippe , Tsybin Yury O.
Published: March 2010

We report on the characteristics of the radical‐ion‐driven dissociation of a diverse array of β‐amino acids incorporated into α‐peptides, as probed by tandem electron‐capture and electron‐transfer dissociation (ECD/ETD) mass spectrometry. The reported results demonstrate a stronger ECD/ETD dependence on the nature of the amino acid side chain for β‐amino acids than for their α‐form counterparts. In particular, only aromatic (e.g., β‐Phe), and to a substantially lower extent, carbonyl‐containing (e.g., β‐Glu and β‐Gln) amino acid side chains, lead to NCβ bond cleavage in the corresponding β‐amino acids. We conclude that radical stabilization must be provided by the side chain to enable the radical‐driven fragmentation from the nearby backbone carbonyl carbon to proceed. In contrast with the cleavage of backbones derived from α‐amino acids, ECD of peptides composed mainly of β‐amino acids reveals a shift in cleavage priority from the NCβ to the CαC bond. The incorporation of CH2 groups into the peptide backbone may thus drastically influence the backbone charge solvation preference. The characteristics of radical‐driven β‐amino acid dissociation described herein are of particular importance to methods development, applications in peptide sequencing, and peptide and protein modification (e.g., deamidation and isomerization) analysis in life science research.
Efficient Olefin Epoxidation by Robust Re4 Cluster‐Supported MnIII Complexes with Peracids: Evidence of Simultaneous Operation of Multiple Active Oxidant Species, MnVO, MnIVO, and MnIIIOOC(O)R
Authors: Lee Sun Hwa , Xu Li , Park Byeong Kwon , Mironov Yuri V. , Kim Soo Hyun , Song Young Ju , Kim Cheal , Kim Youngmee , Kim Sung‐Jin
Published: March 2010

Two new tetranuclear chalcocyanide cluster complexes, [{Mn(saloph)H2O}4Re4Q4(CN)12]⋅4 CH3OH⋅ 8 H2O (saloph=N,N′‐o‐phenylenebis(salicylidenaminato), Q=Se (1‐Se), Te (2‐Te)), have been synthesized by the diffusion of a methanolic solution of [PPh4]4[Re4Q4(CN)12] into a methanolic solution of [Mn(saloph)]+. The structure of 2‐Te has been determined by X‐ray crystallography. These rhenium cluster‐supported [MnIII(saloph)] complexes have been found to efficiently catalyze a wide range of olefin epoxidations under mild experimental conditions in the presence of meta‐chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA). Olefin epoxidation by these catalysts is proposed to involve the multiple active oxidants MnVO, MnIVO, and MnIIIOOC(O)R. Evidence in support of this interpretation has been derived from reactivity and Hammett studies, H218O‐exchange experiments, and the use of peroxyphenylacetic acid as a mechanistic probe. Moreover, it has been observed that the participation of MnVO, MnIVO, and MnIIIOOC(O)R can be controlled by changing the substrate concentration. This mechanism provides the greatest congruity with related oxidation reactions that employ certain Mn complexes as catalysts.
Durable responses with the metronomic rituximab and thalidomide plus prednisone, etoposide, procarbazine, and cyclophosphamide regimen in elderly patients with recurrent mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Ruan Jia , Martin Peter , Coleman Morton , Furman Richard R. , Cheung Ken , Faye Adam , Elstrom Rebecca , Lachs Mark , Hajjar Katherine A. , Leonard John P.
Published: March 2010

BACKGROUND:

Targeting the tumor microenvironment and angiogenesis is a novel lymphoma therapeutic strategy. The authors report safety, activity, and angiogenic profiling results with the rituximab and thalidomide plus prednisone, etoposide, procarbazine, and cyclophosphamide (RT‐PEPC) regimen in patients with recurrent mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).

METHODS:

RT‐PEPC included induction (Months 1‐3) of rituximab 4 times weekly, daily thalidomide (50 mg), and PEPC followed by maintenance thalidomide (100 mg), oral PEPC titrated to the neutrophil count, and rituximab every 4 months. Endpoints included safety, efficacy, quality of life (QoL), and translational studies, including tumor angiogenic phenotyping, plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and circulating endothelial cells.

RESULTS:

Twenty‐five patients were enrolled, and 22 were evaluable. The median age was 68 years (range, 52‐81 years), 24 patients (96%) had stage III or IV disease, 18 patients (72%) had an International Prognostic Index (IPI) score of 3 to 5, and 20 patients (80%) had high‐risk Mantle Cell International Prognostic Index (MIPI) scores. Patients had received a median of 2 previous therapies (range, 1‐7 previous therapies), and 15 patients (60%) had progressed on bortezomib. At a median follow‐up of 38 months, the overall response rate was 73% (complete response [CR]/unconfirmed CR rate, 32%; partial response [PR] rate, 41%; n = 22 patients), and the median progression‐free survival was 10 months. Four CRs were ongoing (≥6 months, ≥31 months, ≥48 months, and ≥50 months). Toxicities included grade 1 and 2 fatigue, rash, neuropathy, and cytopenias, including grade 1 and 2 thrombocytopenia (64%) and grade 3 and 4 neutropenia (64%). Two thromboses and 5 episodes of grade 3 or 4 infections occurred. QoL was maintained or improved. Correlative studies demonstrated tumor autocrine angiogenic loop (expression of VEGF A and VEGF receptor 1) and heightened angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in stroma. Plasma VEGF levels and circulating endothelial cells trended down with treatment.

CONCLUSIONS:

RT‐PEPC had significant and durable activity in MCL with manageable toxicity and maintained QoL. Novel, low‐intensity approaches warrant further evaluation, potentially as initial therapy in elderly patients. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
How Does the Trans–Cis Photoisomerization of Azobenzene Take Place in Organic Solvents?
Authors: Tiberio Giustiniano , Muccioli Luca , Berardi Roberto , Zannoni Claudio
Published: March 2010

The trans–cis photoisomerization of azobenzene‐containing materials is key to a number of photomechanical applications, but the actual conversion mechanism in condensed phases is still largely unknown. Herein, we study the ${{\rm{n}}{\rm{,{\rm \pi} ^\ast }}}$ isomerization in a vacuum and in various solvents via a modified molecular dynamics simulation adopting an ab initio torsion–inversion force field in the ground and excited states, while allowing for electronic transitions and a stochastic decay to the fundamental state. We determine the trans–cis photoisomerization quantum yield and decay times in various solvents (n‐hexane, anisole, toluene, ethanol, and ethylene glycol), and obtain results comparable with experimental ones where available. A profound difference between the isomerization mechanism in vacuum and in solution is found, with the often neglected mixed torsional–inversion pathway being the most important in solvents.
Redox Activity and Structural Transition of Heptyl Viologen Adlayers on Cu(100)
Authors: Jiang Min , Sak Emilia , Gentz Knud , Krupski Aleksander , Wandelt Klaus
Published: March 2010

The redox behaviour and potential‐dependent adsorption structure of heptyl viologen (1,1′‐diheptyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium dichloride, DHV2+) on a Cu(100) electrode was investigated in a chloride‐containing electrolyte solution by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC–STM). The dicationic DHV molecules generate a few pairs of current waves in CV measurements which are ascribed to two typical one‐electron transfer steps. STM images obtained in a KCl‐containing electrolyte solution disclose a well‐ordered c(2×2) chloride adlayer on a Cu(100) electrode surface. After injecting DHV2+ molecules into the KCl electrolyte solution, a highly ordered 2D “dot‐array” structure in STM images emerges on the c(2×2)‐Cl modified Cu(100) electrode surface. DHV2+ molecules spontaneously arrange themselves with their molecular planes facing the electrode surface and their long molecular axis parallel to the step edge. Such adsorption structure can be described by mirror domains and rotational domains which stably exist between 200 mV and −100 mV. One‐electron reduction of the dications DHV2+ around −150 mV causes a phase transition from a ‘dot‐array’ assembly to a stripe pattern formed by DHV.+ radical monocations in STM images which has a bilayer structure. With a further decrease of the applied electrode potential, the structure of the DHV.+ adlayer undergoes a change from a loose stripe phase to a more compact stripe phase, a subsequent decay of the compact structure, and finally the formation of a new dimer phase. A further electron transfer reaction at −400 mV causes the formation of an amorphous phase on the chloride free electrode surface. In a reverse anodic sweep, the reproduction of the ordered DHV.+ stacking phase occurs again on top of the chloride lattice.
Weaving social responsibility with business strategy: a case study of South India Paper Mills
Authors: Kanchan M.
Published: March 2010

Any company in any country can be a responsible leader, if it chooses to be so. South India Paper Mills (SIPM), a medium‐sized family business manufacturing recycled paper integrated corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities early in its business strategy; activities such as providing free treated water for agriculture to the local farmers while finding a way of disposing of wastewater. The company voluntarily increased compensation and guaranteed employment to the children of retired employees, which ensured better living and educational standards, provided employment opportunities, and reversed the migration trend to the city. The acute power shortage led the management to generate its own power with the locally available biomass to ensure a steady supply of power and income, by supplying excess power to the State, and a regular source of income to the villagers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Multiple M‐Effect Signal in Noble Gases and Hydrogen Mixture Discharge
Authors: Vladoiu R. , Contulov M. , Ciupina V. , Musa G.
Published: March 2010

The M‐effect (monochromatization‐effect) is a powerful process which can give high intensity monochromatic spectra with a certain wavelength depending on the type of used gas mixtures to generate the plasma state. The effect consists in the emission of a single spectral line emerging from plasma under specific experimental conditions involving one electropositive gas and one electronegative gas mixture. For example, in the case of Ne‐H2 mixture, a clear monochrome radiation was obtained, corresponding to the λNe =585.3 nm wavelength at 2p1‐1s2 transition in the Paschen notation, the pressures ranging between 10‐100 torr.

In this paper we prove the general character of this effect, i.e. if the optical emission spectra (OES) reduced to selective lines can be noticed also in other multiple gas mixture discharges. The Ne‐Ar‐Xe mixture discharges with different percentages of H2 as electronegative gas added in has been investigated. The triple M‐effect, means three specific monochromatic lines, could be revealed in the OES at 50% of H2 addition in Ne‐Ar‐Xe mixture (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High‐affinity folate receptor in cardiac neural crest migration: A gene knockdown model using siRNA
Authors: Rosenquist Thomas H. , Chaudoin Tammy , Finnell Richard H. , Bennett Gregory D.
Published: March 2010

Folate supplementation reduces the incidence of congenital heart defects, but the nature of this protective mechanism remains unclear. Immunolabeling demonstrated that the neural tube and neural crest (NC) cells were rich in the high‐affinity folate receptor FOLR1and during the early stages of development FOLR1 was found principally in these cells. Suppression of Folr1 expression in the nascent cardiac NC by site‐directed short‐interfering RNA (siRNA) altered cardiac NC cell mitosis and subsequent migration patterns leading to abnormal development of the pharyngeal arch arteries (PAA) and outflow tract. qPCR analysis demonstrated that the siRNA treatment significantly reduced Folr1 24 hr after treatment. These treatments also significantly reduced mitosis in the neural tube, but adjacent, nontreated areas were unaffected. In summary, a brief reduction in the expression of Folr1 during a critical stage of NC development had long‐term consequences for the development of the PAA and outflow tract. Developmental Dynamics 239:1136–1144, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unusual Coordination Behaviour of a Phosphonate‐ and Pyridine‐Containing Ligand in a Stable Lanthanide Complex
Authors: Gałęzowska Joanna , Janicki Rafał , Kozłowski Henryk , Mondry Anna , Młynarz Piotr , Szyrwiel Łukasz
Published: March 2010

An experimental study of the coordination of lanthanide ions with {ethane‐1,2‐diylbis[imino(pyridin‐2‐ylmethanediyl)]}bis(phosphonic acid), a ligand containing phosphonate and pyridine arms attached to the well‐known ethylenediamine scaffold, is reported. The X‐ray crystal structure of an anionic, octacoordinate EuIII complex of the formula [C(NH2)]6[Eu2(L)2(CO3)2]·8H2O has been obtained and found to contain cyclic dimeric complex anions in which the coordination environment of each EuIII ion is composed of three oxygen atoms from phosphonate groups, two nitrogen atoms from imino groups and one nitrogen atom from a pyridine group, a combination that has seldom been observed for LnIII complexes. In order to check the coordination behaviour of the ligand, an investigation of the complexes in solution has been performed, which revealed a different coordination mode. The protonation constants of the free ligand and the stability constants of their complexes with selected lanthanide ions (LaIII, SmIII, EuIII, GdIII, TbIII, HoIII and LuIII) have been determined potentiometricaly at 25 °C and an ionic strength of 0.1 M (KCl). The results obtained show the formation of monomeric, protonated ([LnH2L], [LnHL]) and nonprotonated ([LnL]) species in the pH range studied (2–11). The determined stability constants (log βLnL) are relatively high, varying between 14.96 and 16.42. The EuIIIL system was also fully characterized by means of UV/Vis spectroscopy, which indicated that the coordination process starts above pH 3 and remains constant in the range pH 4–10. In contrast to the crystal structure, solution NMR and luminescence studies suggested that the pyridine moieties are not present in the LnIII coordination sphere. These results suggest that this ligand–unsaturated metal ion coordination sphere may provide a potential binding site for other target molecules.
Estimation of temporal variation in splash detachment in two Japanese cypress plantations of contrasting age
Authors: Wakiyama Y. , Onda Y. , Nanko K. , Mizugaki S. , Kim Y. , Kitahara H. , Ono H.
Published: March 2010

To elucidate splash erosion processes under natural rainfall conditions, temporal variations in splash detachment were observed using a piezoelectric saltation sensor (H11B; Sensit Co., Portland, ND, USA). Preliminary laboratory tests of Sensit suggested that they were suitable for field observations. Field observations were conducted between July and September 2006 in 21‐ and 36‐year‐old Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) plantations with mean stand heights of 9·2 m and 17·4 m, respectively. Splash detachment (in g m−2) was measured seven times using splash cups, and raindrop kinetic energy (in J m−2 mm−1) in both stands was measured using laser drop‐sizing (LD) gauges. Sensit was installed to record saltation counts, which were converted to temporal data of splash detachment (splash rate; in g m−2 10 min−1) using the relationship between splash detachment and saltation counts. Surface runoff was monitored using runoff plots of 0·5 m width and 2·0 m length to obtain temporal data of flow depth (in millimeters). Both total splash detachment and raindrop kinetic energy were larger in the older stand. Increased splash rates per unit throughfall were found in both stands after rainless durations longer than approximately one day in both stands. However, a lower splash rate was found in the 21‐year stand after rainfall events. During extreme rainstorms, the 21‐year stand showed a low runoff rate and a decline in the splash rate, while the 36‐year stand showed a higher splash rate and increased flow depth. The piezoelectric sensor proved to be a useful means to elucidate splash erosion processes in field conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dieldrin uptake and translocation in plants growing in hydroponic medium
Authors: Murano Hirotatsu , Otani Takashi , Seike Nobuyasu , Sakai Mizuki
Published: March 2010

It has been known that the Cucurbitaceae family takes up a large amount of persistent organic pollutants from soils and that the translocation of those compounds in cucurbits is higher than those in non-cucurbits. To understand the persistent organic pollutant uptake mechanisms of plant species, we compared the dieldrin absorption and transportation potentials of several plants in hydroponic medium. Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Moench), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), soybean (Glycine max), komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. peruviridis), white-flowered gourd (Lagenaria siceraria var. hispida), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), and zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) were grown in a dieldrin-added hydroponic medium for 10 d, and then the amount of dieldrin in their shoots and roots was measured. All of the roots contained dieldrin, whereas only the cucurbits (white-flowered gourd, cucumber, and zucchini) contained considerable amounts of dieldrin in their shoots. The dieldrin uptake to the roots depended on the concentration of the n-hexane soluble components in the roots, regardless of whether the dieldrin in the roots was translocated to shoots or not. The dieldrin uptake from the solution to the roots was thought to be due to a passive response, such as adsorption on the roots. The translocation of dieldrin from the roots to the shoots was probably through the xylems. The amounts of dieldrin in the shoots per transpiration rates were higher for cucurbits than for non-cucurbits. It seems likely that cucurbits have uptake mechanisms for hydrophobic organic chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:142–148. © 2009 SETAC
Insights into the development of fungal biomarkers for metal ecotoxicity assessment: Case ofTrametes versicolorexposed to copper
Authors: Lebrun Jérémie D. , Trinsoutrot-Gattin Isabelle , Laval Karine , Mougin Christian
Published: March 2010

The relationship between the physiological state of fungi and the response of their functional system to metals is not known, limiting the use of fungal enzymes as tools for assessing metal ecotoxicity in terrestrial ecosystems. The present study attempts to establish how the development phases modulate the secretion of enzymes in the filamentous fungus Trametes versicolor after exposure to Cu. For that purpose, extracellular hydrolases (acid and alkaline phosphatases, aryl-sulfatase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase) and oxidoreductases (laccase, manganese and lignin peroxidases) were monitored in liquid cultures for 2 weeks. Copper was added during either the growth or the stationary phases at 20 or 200 ppm. Results of the present study showed that Cu at the highest concentration modifies the secretion of enzymes, regardless of the development phase to which the fungus was exposed. However, the sensitivity of enzyme responses to Cu depended on the phase development and the type of secreted enzyme. In a general way, the production of hydrolases was decreased by Cu, whereas that of oxidoreductases was highly increased. Furthermore, lignin peroxidase was not detected in control cultures and was specifically produced in the presence of Cu. In conclusion, fungal oxidoreductases may be enzymatic biomarkers of copper exposure for ecotoxicity assessment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:902–908. © 2009 SETAC