bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Partial Least Square Regression Approach for Classifying Chicken Egg Fertility by Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Adegbenjo Adeyemi Olutoyin , Liu Li , Ngadi Michael O.
Published: August 2023

Partial least square (PLS) regression is a well-known chemometric method used for predictive
modelling, especially in the presence of many variables. Although PLS was not initially developed
as a technique for classification tasks, scientists have reportedly used this approach successfully
for discrimination purposes. Whereas some non-supervised learning approaches including but not
limited to PCA, and k-means clustering do well in identifying/understanding grouping and
clustering patterns in multidimensional data, they are limited when the end target is discrimination,
making PLS a preferable alternative. A total of fertilized 672 chicken egg hyperspectral imaging
data, consisting of 336 white eggs and 336 brown eggs were used in this study. Hyperspectral
images in the NIR region of 900-1700 nm wavelength range were captured prior to incubation on
day 0 and on days 1-4 after incubation. Eggs were candled on incubation day 5 and broken out on
day 10 to confirm fertility. While a total number of 312 and 314 eggs were found to be fertile in
the brown and white egg batches respectively, total numbers of non-fertile eggs in the same set of
batches were 23 and 21 respectively. Spectral information was extracted from a segmented region
of interest (ROI) of each hyperspectral image and spectral transmission characteristics were
obtained by averaging the spectral information. A moving-thresholding technique was
implemented for discrimination based on PLS regression results on the calibration set. With true
positive rates (TPR) of up to 100% obtained at selected threshold values of between 0.50-0.85 and
on different days of incubation, the results indicated that the proposed PLS technique can
accurately discriminate between fertile and non-fertile eggs. The adaptive PLS approach was
thereby presented as suitable for handling hyperspectral imaging-based chicken egg fertility data
A Biopsychosocial Model Predicting Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tomás José M. , Oliver Amparo , Torres Zaira , Parker Janhavi , Marques Elena , Sentandreu-Mañó Trinidad
Published: August 2023

Myocardial infarction is one of the main causes of death, and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) are always considered when studying it. However, although it is known that other social and psychological variables, and especially frailty, can increase the risk of infarction, their simultaneous effect has not been extensively studied. This study is based on data from the SHARE project (latest wave, 8), with a representative sample of 46498 participants, aged 50 or older (M = 70.40, SD = 9.33), 57.4% were females. Statistical analyses included a full structural equation model that predicts 27% of infarction occurrence and evidences the significant effect of well-being, depression, and social connectedness on frailty. Frailty in turn explains 15.5% of the variability of CVRF. This work supports the need to study these physical, social, and mental health factors together to intervene on frailty, and in turn improve cardiovascular outcomes.
Assessment of NADH/NAD+ Redox Imbalance in Psoriatic Lesions Using the FMSF Technique: Therapeutic Aspects
Authors: Gebicki Jerzy , Filipiak Tomasz , Marcinek Andrzej , Woźniacka Anna
Published: August 2023

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to psoriasis, and may be an important underlying factor contributing to this disease. However, a precise methodology for assessing mitochondrial dysfunction has yet to be developed. One promising approach is to measure NADH autofluorescence from affected skin areas. In this study, we show that Flow Mediated Skin Fluorescence (FMSF) can be used for non-invasive assessment of mitochondrial dysfunction in psoriasis. The fluorescence level at baseline and the half-time of ischemic growth (t1/2) derived from the FMSF traces can be used for non-invasive assessment of NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance in psoriatic lesions compared to unaffected skin. These results are supported by analysis of the key FMSF parameters, Reactive Hyperemia Response (RHR) and Hypoxia Sensitivity (HS). This method not only contributes to understanding of the biochemical processes involved in the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis, but also provides a basis for identifying new drug targets and improving the treatment process.
Febrile Seizure in Infants Underlies Endophenotypes of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Rats
Authors: Yu Yeon Hee , Kim Seong-Wook , Im Hyuna , Lee Yu Ran , Kim Gun Woo , Ryu Seongho , Park Dae-Kyoon , Kim Duk-Soo
Published: August 2023

Febrile seizure (FS), which occurs as a response to fever, is the most common seizure that occurs in infants and young children. FS is usually accompanied by diverse neuropsychiatric symptoms including impaired social behaviors; however, no causative link between FS and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has yet been established. Here, we provide evidence linking FS occurrence with ASD pathogenesis in rats. We developed an FS juvenile rats model and found ASD-like abnormal behaviors including deficits in social novelty, repetitive behaviors, and hyperlocomotion. In addition, FS model juvenile rats showed enhanced levels of gliosis and inflammation in the hippocampal CA2 region and cerebellum. Furthermore, abnormal levels of social and repetitive behaviors persisted in adults FS model rats. These findings suggest that occurrence of FS in infants can cause behavioral endophenotypes of ASD.
The Rise and Fall of Cryptocurrencies: Defining the Economic and Social Values of Blockchain Technologies, assessing the Opportunities, and defining the Financial and Cybersecurity Risks of the Metaverse.
Authors: Radanliev Petar
Published: August 2023

This paper contextualises the common queries of "why is crypto crashing?" and "why is crypto down?", the research transcends beyond the frequent market fluctuations to unravel how cryptocurrencies fundamentally work and the step-by-step process on how to create a cryptocurrency. The study examines blockchain technologies and their pivotal role in the evolving Metaverse, shedding light on topics such as how to invest in cryptocurrency, the mechanics behind crypto mining, and strategies to effectively buy and trade cryptocurrencies. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the research transitions from the fundamental principles of fintech investment strategies to the overarching implications of blockchain within the Metaverse. Alongside exploring machine learning potentials in financial sectors and risk assessment methodologies, the study critically assesses whether developed or developing nations are poised to reap greater benefits from these technologies. Moreover, it probes into both enduring and dubious crypto projects, drawing a distinct line between genuine blockchain applications and Ponzi-like schemes. The conclusion resolutely affirms the continuing dominance of blockchain technologies, underlined by a profound exploration of their intrinsic value and a reflective commentary by the author on the potential risks confronting individual investors.
De Novo Assembly of Venom Gland Transcriptome of Tropidolaemus wagleri (Temple Pit Viper, Malaysia) and Insights into the Origin of Its Major Toxin, Waglerin
Authors: Tan Choo Hock , Tan Kae Yi , Tan Nget Hong
Published: August 2023

The venom proteome of Temple Pit Viper (Tropidolaemus wagleri) is unique among pit vipers, characterized by a high abundance of a neurotoxic peptide, waglerin. To further explore the genetic diversity of its toxins, the present study de novo assembled the venom gland transcriptome of T. wagleri from west Malaysia. Among the 15 toxin gene families discovered, gene annotation and expression analysis reveal the dominating trend of bradykinin-potentiating peptide/angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-C-type natriuretic peptide (BPP/ACEI-CNP, 76.19% of all-toxin transcription) in the transcriptome, followed by P-III snake venom metalloproteases (13.91%) and other toxins. The transcript TwBNP01 of BPP/ACEI-CNP represents a large precursor gene (209 amino acid residues) containing the coding region for waglerin (24 residues). TwBNP01 shows substantial sequence variations from the corresponding genes of its sister species, T. subannulatus of Northern Philippines, and other viperid species which diversely code for proline-rich small peptides such as bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPPs). The waglerin/waglerin-like peptides, BPPs and azemiopsin are proline-rich, evolving de novo from multiple hyper-mutatable propeptide regions within the orthologous BPP/ACEI-CNP genes. Neofunctionalization of the peptides results in phylogenetic constraints consistent with a phenotypic dichotomy, where Tropidolaemus spp. and Azemiops feae convergently evolve a neurotoxic trait while vasoactive BPPs evolve only in other species.
Square Root Statistics of Density Matrices and Their Applications
Authors: Ye Lyuzhou , Wei Lu
Published: August 2023

To estimate the degree of quantum entanglement, it is important to understand
the statistical behavior of functions of spectrum of density matrices such as von
Neumann entropy, quantum purity, and entanglement capacity. These entangle-
ment metrics over different generic state ensembles have been studied intensively
in the literature. As an alternative metric, in this work we study sum of square
root spectrum of density matrices, which is relevant to negativity and fidelity in
quantum information processing. In particular, we derive the exact mean and vari-
ance of sum of square root spectrum over the Bures-Hall generic state ensemble
extending known results obtained recently over the Hilbert-Schmidt ensemble.
Application of DEM Coupled with CFD to Predict the Erosive Wear Behavior of Arctic Vessel Hulls Subjected to Ice Impacts
Authors: Lee Sung-Je , Lee Jang Hyun
Published: August 2023

Marine vessels operating on the Arctic Sea route are constantly prone to collisions and friction with ice. This study discusses the wear of the hull plate caused by the collision of ice against vessels operating in Arctic Sea routes. The abrasive wear of the hull due to ice impact was numerically assessed based on both the incident behavior of ice particles interacting with the flow around the hull and the wear loss of the hull surface caused by the contact force of ice particles. A multi-phase approach was adopted to account for the behavior of ice particles continuously affected by the fluid force around the hull. The fluid force acting on the ice floe was evaluated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the dynamic motion of the drift ice was evaluated using the discrete element method (DEM). The motion of the floating ice particles was updated in real time by iteratively coupling the fluid force and the motion of the ice floe at each time step of the numerical simulation. The results of the wear simulation models were presented in terms of the shape change of the hull surface due to wear. At first, the wear was evaluated for cases in which only the surface paint of the hull was damaged. Thereafter, a computation model considering the shape change of the hull surface experiencing long-term friction of ice particles was introduced. Finally, the numerical procedures to predict the abrasive wear of the hull surface by ice impact were discussed.
Perceived Environmental Safety Buffers the Adverse Effect of Loneliness on The Subjective Well-Being of Urban Residents
Authors: Shin Ji-eun , Han Hyunseop , Park Eunjeong , Seo Jeong-Gil , Choi Hoon-Seok
Published: August 2023

Loneliness, as a well-established risk factor of mental health, has been strongly associated with low subjective well-being (SWB). However, less is known about potential boundary conditions that may ameliorate this ‘dark side’ of loneliness. Social connections are critical to well-being from the standpoint that the lack of belonging was detrimental to human survival in the evolutionary past. We thus hypothesized that loneliness would exert a more pronounced influence on people’s SWB when the need for others (social resource) is perceived to be high–the presence of environmental harshness. With a particular focus on urban (i.e., Seoul) residents who are presumed to be more vulnerable to loneliness, two studies examined whether feeling lonely matters less to SWB under favorable environmental conditions. As expected, loneliness was less harmful to the SWB of individuals who perceived their surroundings as relatively secure and favorable (Study 1). We then experimentally replicated the results by exposing people to cues of either a harsh (e.g., images of scarcity) or a favorable environment (Study 2).
Comparison of the Gut Microbial Communities of Domestic and Wild Mallards (Anas Platyrhynchos) Based on High-Throughput Sequencing Technology
Authors: He Yaoyin , Zhang Minghui , Dai Chuanyin , Yu Lijiang
Published: August 2023

Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) are currently one of the most popular species in rare bird breeding in several southern provinces of China, but there are very few studies on the gut microbial communities of domestic and wild mallards. In this study, 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology was used to compare the composition and diversity of gut microbial communities in domestic and wild mallards. Alpha diversity analysis revealed significant differences in the gut microbial communities of domestic and wild mallards. Beta diversity analysis showed that the two groups of stool samples were mostly separated on the principal coordinate analysis (PCOA) plot. In domestic mallards, Firmicutes (67.97%) was the most abundant bacterial phylum, followed by Proteobacteria (24.48%), Bacteroidetes (3.13%), Fusobacteria (2.21%), and Actinobacteria (1.10%). The dominant bacterial phyla in wild mallards were Firmicutes (79.02%), Proteobacteria (12.85%), Fusobacteria (3.37%), and Bacteroidetes (2.79%). At the genus level, a total of 10 dominant genera (Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Soilbacillus, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Comamonas, Shigella, and Cetobacterium) with an average relative abundance greater than 1% were detected in the fecal samples of both groups. The average relative abundance of five potential pathogens (Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Acinetobacter, Comamonas, and Shigella) was higher in domestic mallards than in wild mallards. The enrichment of pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract of domestic mallards should be of sufficient concern.
Reviewing and Integrating AEC Practices into Industry 6.0: Strategies for Smart and Sustainable Future-Built Environments
Authors: Almusaed Amjad , Yitmen Ibrahim , Almssad Asaad
Published: August 2023

This article explores the possible ramifications of incorporating ideas from AEC Industry 6.0 into the design and construction of intelligent, environmentally friendly, and long-lasting structures. This statement highlights the need to shift away from the current methods seen in the AEC Industry 5.0 to effectively respond to the increasing requirement for creative and environmentally sustainable infrastructures. The preceding methodology, AEC Industry 6.0, has substantially improved the efficacy and sustainability of construction by using new technology, digitalization, and environmentally conscious methods. Extensive discussions have occurred on the various benefits of AEC Industry 5.0. These merits include heightened stakeholder involvement, increased efficiency via automation and robots, decision-making processes centered around data, and the optimization of resources. Nevertheless, this study also examines the obstacles linked to the complete adoption of AEC Industry 6.0. These challenges require proficient professionals who can effectively utilize contemporary technologies, manage diverse stakeholder technological competencies, establish interoperable systems and standards, and reinforce cybersecurity measures. This study examines the viability of implementing concepts from Industry 6.0 to create intelligent, sustainable, and environmentally friendly structures. The objective is to showcase the potentially revolutionary impact that these principles may have on the construction industry. This study explores the possible applications of AEC Industry 6.0 within the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) sector, explicitly highlighting the anticipated industry-wide consequences of the forthcoming paradigm shift. This paper comprehensively examines big data analytics, the Internet of Things (IoT), and collaborative robots as they pertain to the AEC Industry 6.0. This research investigates the interplay between organizational dynamics, human actors, and robotic systems to provide light on the opportunities and obstacles associated with integrating AEC Industry 6.0 concepts into the construction of buildings.
Defining Success Criteria for Urban Living Labs: A New Urban Experience in Turkiye
Authors: Celik Yilmaz Ozge , Ertekin Ozhan
Published: August 2023

The article attempts to place the research within the broader context of urban living labs (ULLs) and highlights the significance of understanding success criteria by gathering data from key stakeholders associated with Basaksehir Living Lab, Bodrum Living Lab and Mezopotamya Living Lab via the in-depth interview method. However, there is a literature gap in terms of a comprehensive understanding of the success criteria specific to ULLs, which hinders the effective utilization of ULLs as platforms for addressing urban challenges. The conclusions drawn from the article emphasize the need for further examination of these labs' openness, user empowerment, and transferability criteria. Nevertheless, the article contributes to understanding the success criteria of ULLs and provides insights for future research and practice.
Immunohistochemistry Evidence of Platelet-Rich Fibrin to Accelerate Differentiation of Adipose-derived Stem Cells
Authors: Suryawan I Gde Rurus , Andrianto Andrianto , Agita Arisya , Ratri Anudya Kartika , Nugraha Ricardo Adrian
Published: August 2023

Background: Obtaining adipose-derived stem cells is limited by its capacity to differentiate. Stimulation by platelet-rich fibrin appears to have the beneficial effects to accelerate differentiation.

Objective: To obtain immunohistochemistry evidence of platelet-rich fibrin to accelerate differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells.

Methods: We used post-test only controlled-group design. Adipose-derived stem cells were isolated and cultured until 4 passages in α-MEM culture medium.

Results: GATA-4 expression increased in platelet-rich fibrin group compared with control group (68.20±6.82 vs 58.15±1.23 counts; p<0.05; 68.20±6.82 vs 52.96±2.02 counts; p<0.05). Troponin expression also increased in platelet-rich fibrin group (50.66±7.2 vs 10.73±2.39 counts; p<0.05; 50.66±7.2 vs 26.00±0.4 counts; p<0.05).

Conclusion: There is an immunohistochemistry benefit of platelet-rich fibrin to accelerate differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells.
Flexible Wearable Sensors for Respiration Monitoring: A Review
Authors: Hussain Tauseef , Ullah Sana , Fernández-García Raúl , Gil Ignacio
Published: August 2023

This paper provides an overview of flexible and wearable respiration sensors with emphasis on their significance in healthcare applications. The paper classifies these sensors based on their operating frequency distinguishing between high-frequency sensors which operate above 10 MHz and low-frequency sensors. The operating principles of breathing sensors as well as the materials and fabrication techniques employed in their design are addressed. The research highlights the need for robust and flexible materials to enable the development of reliable and comfortable sensors. Finally, the paper presents potential research directions and proposes research challenges in the field of flexible and wearable respiration sensors. Thus, identifying emerging trends and gaps in knowledge, it encourages further advancements and innovation in the rapidly evolving domain of flexible and wearable sensors.
Эффективность Emdogain для обработки пульпы
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Gordienko I.D. , Admakin O.I. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Morozova N.S. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Kozlitina Yu.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Chugaeva U.Yu. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Rumyantseva T.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Maslikova E.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was is the performance evaluation of Emdogain for direct pulp capping, partial pulpotomy, and pulpotomy in comparison with other materials, used in such methods. After raising a PICO question, the PRISMA guideline was adopted to carry out an electronic search through the Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library database to identify comparative studies A systematic search using keywords was conducted using seven databases up to November 11, 2020. The search resulted in 509 records. The success rate of Endogain (93.3%) was higher than that of formocresol (66.7%). The authors reported the absence of any significant difference in clinical results of the Emdogain group and calcium hydroxide after a year upon treatment. After reviewing articles it is evident that the Emdogain is a perspective material for pulp capping. Key wоrds: pulpitis, pulp capping, pulpotomy, Emdogain
Evaluation of Photoprotective of Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke Leaves Extract with Different Solvents and Its Spatial Distribution
Authors: Parintak Reskyaningsih , Maryani Maryani , Hidayati Lisna , Wijayanti Nastiti , Nuringtyas Tri Rini
Published: August 2023

Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke is one of the Thymelaeaceous family species with high economic value. The leaf synthesizes secondary metabolites (SMs) supporting herbal medicine, including a class of SMs that serve as sunscreen. However, the SMs are not equally distributed in the plant, depending on the organs, tissues or cell type. This research aimed to determine the spatial distribution of secondary metabolites in the leaves, especially in the epidermis and mesophyll tissues. The epidermis tissues were separated from the mesophyll using the carborundum abrasion (CA) technique, followed by the extraction of SMs using three different polarity solvents, namely methanol, hexane and chloroform. The photoprotective potential was evaluated using the SPF value with the spectrophotometry approach. Subsequently, the phytochemical analysis was done for the total tannin, flavonoid, and phenols content. The results showed that the highest SPF value was observed in the methanol epidermis extract with SPF value of 8.61, followed by methanol mesophyll extract (4.52), chloroform epidermis extract (3.97), chloroform mesophyll extract (2.52) and hexane epidermis extract (0.60) and hexane mesophyll extract (0.16). Total phenolic content (flavonoid, tannin and phenol) in epidermis extract with methanol solvent was higher (12.347 ± 0.652 mg GAE/g DW), followed by extract with chloroform and hexane solvents. The total phenolic content (flavonoid, tannin and phenol) of mesophyll extract with methanol solvent showed the highest content, followed by chloroform mesophyll and hexane extracts. The results of the histochemical analysis showed that photoprotective compounds accumulate in the epidermis and mesophyll tissue of the leaf of G. versteegii.
Formulasi Tablet Asam Fenofibrat dengan Sistem Likuisolid Menggunakan Pelarut Propilenglikol dan Beberapa Adsorben
Authors: Windriyati Yulias Ninik , Shabrina Ayu , Hasanah Uswatun , Irmawati Susiana , Haryati Sri Febri , Fata Surti Khayatul
Published: August 2023

Asam fenofibrat adalah antihiperlipidemia yang termasuk dalam kelas II Sistem Klasifikasi Biofarmasetik dengan kelarutan yang rendah dan permeabilitas dalam gastrointestinal yang tinggi. Disolusi asam fenofibrat berjalan lambat dan membatasi absorpsinya sehingga bioavailabilitasnya sulit diprediksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan formulasi tablet asam fenofibrat untuk meningkatkan disolusinya dengan sistem likuisolid. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan mendispersikan asam fenofibrat dalam pelarut propilenglikol kemudian diadsorpsi menggunakan beberapa adsorben seperti Avicel PH 101, Avicel PH 102, Neusilin dan Starch 1500 sehingga terbentuk serbuk. Sistem likuisolid yang terbentuk dikompresi menjadi tablet dan dievaluasi karakteristiknya termasuk analisis dengan FTIR dan XRD untuk mengetahui adanya interaksi antar partikel dalam sistem likuisolid. Hasil pengembangan formula menunjukkan bahwa tablet likuisolid asam fenofibrat dengan berbagai adsorben yang digunakan memenuhi kriteria tablet yang tercantum dalam kompendia. Disolusi asam fenofibrat dari tablet likuisolid meningkat dibandingkan tablet konvensional yang dibuat tanpa pembentukan sistem likuisolid. Karakterisasi dengan XRD dan FTIR menunjukkan tidak terjadi perubahan kimia asam fenofibrat pada sistem likuisolid yang terbentuk.
A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW: THE ROLE OF CIVIC EDUCATION IN INCREASING HONESTY BEHAVIOR OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Wijaningsih Nursyifa A. , Auliaty Yetty
Published: August 2023

Honesty behavior must be instilled through civic education learning and can be started from elementary school. This study aims to 1) identify the honest attitude of elementary school students; 2) identify civic education learning in elementary school students; 3) the application of civic education learning in developing the honest attitude of elementary school students. This study used a systematic literature review method in which all articles were processed based on inclusion, exclusion, and quality assessment criteria. It resulted in 14 primary articles analyzed with predetermined research questions. The results of the research in the form of the role of civic education in the development of honest attitudes have been widely studied by leading researchers from 2010 – to 2022. This research has implications for the discovery of subsequent research that can be used as a starting point for the following researchers interested in the theme of research regarding honesty in students.
Temettuat Verileri Işığında Bolu Kırsalında Ekonomik ve Sosyal Yapı: Şahnalar Köyü Örneği [1844/1845]
Authors: YALDIRAK Tarık
Published: August 2023

Bu çalışma, Şahnalar köyünün XIX. yüzyıl ortalarındaki ekonomik ve sosyal durumunu tespit ve tahlil etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın ana kaynağı 1845 yılında tutulan 3283 numaralı temettuat defteridir. Bu dönemde Şahnalar köyü Bolu Sancağı’na bağlı Çağa Kazası’nın köylerinden biridir. Takriben 125 civarında nüfusu vardır. Köyün temel geçim kaynağı çiftçiliktir. 352 dönüm tarım arazisinin %34,51’i ekilmiş geriye kalanı nadasa bırakılmıştır. Nadasa bırakılan arazinin fazla olmasında, bazı hane reislerinin asker, hasta ya da kaçak olması etkilidir. Köyde arpa, buğday ve bölgeye özgü bir ürün olan siyez buğdayı yetiştiriciliği yapılmaktadır.

Şahnalar köyünün sosyo-ekonomik durumunu belirlemeye çalışılırken çevresinde yer alan aynı büyüklükteki köyler ile kıyaslamalar yapılmıştır. Şahnalar diğer köylerden sadece vergi yükünün ağırlığı yönüyle öne çıkmaktadır. Köye tahakkuk ettirilen vergi miktarı, bazı hanelerin çeşitli sebeplerle işgücüne katılamamalarından olsa gerek, diğer hanelere yüksek oranda yansımasına sebep olmuştur. Çalışmada Şahnalar Köyü, Osmanlı Devleti’nin ekonomik ve sosyal yapısı içerisinde, temettuat verilerinin ışığında ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca alanda daha önce alanda yapılan tetkik araştırmalardan yararlanılmıştır.
Production Economics of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) in Doti District, Nepal
Authors:   Department of Agriculture, Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal, Dahal Sandesh , Adhikari Binod ,   Department of Agriculture, Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal, Poudel Hari ,   Department of Agriculture, Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal, Pokhrel Anima ,   Department of Agriculture,Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Paklihawa Campus, Tribhuwan University, Rupandehi, Nepal
Published: August 2023

Ginger is one of the major spice crops that contribute substantially in rural people livelihood across the mid-hills of Nepal. Despite being a high-value crop, it is cultivated at a subsistence level and hence the farmers are less benefited than expected. So, a study was conducted to investigate the economics of ginger farming in Doti district. A total of 60 respondents were selected randomly from the purposive sampling frame of ginger growers in Jorayal rural municipality. A semi-structured questionnaire, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Key Informant Interview (KII), and field observations were used to obtain primary data. And published documents from governmental and non-governmental organizations were used as secondary sources of data. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS and MS-Excel. The findings revealed that the average area under ginger cultivation as 1.87 ropani with a productivity of 18.18 Mt/ha. The average cost of cultivation was found to be NRs 30669.65 with the B:C ratio of 1.63. The marketing margin of NRs 34.17 was observed with 59.88% of producer share in consumer price. Thus, ginger farming I Doti district was found to be profitable which needs to be commercialized
The main directions of national metallurgy development in the context of global trends
Authors: Anelkin N. I. , Mantsevich A. V. , Voitekhovsky D. G. , Mozgov S. A.
Published: August 2023

Weare witnessing how today the world is facing new challenges and new revolutionary trends in terms of further technological development and the formation of a new sixth technological order that challenges established and commercially available technologies. The increasing complexity, breadth, depth and speed of change, volatile markets and breakthrough technologies require new thinking, readiness for change, and time forces us to move faster.

Thearticlecontainsanoverviewof global trends in industrial development, advanced technological trends and technologies for the development of domestic metallurgy, carried out in the period 2019–2022, based on the following materials: Internet resources of the world’s leading manufacturers and suppliers of technology and equipment in metallurgy; the Strategy “science and technology: 2018–2040”; the Concept of the National Strategy for Sustainable Development of the Republic of Belarus on the period up to 2035; the National Strategy for Sustainable Socio‑Economic Development of the Republic of Belarus for the period up to 2030; Programs of socio‑economic development of the Republic of Belarus for the period 2021–2025; Priority areas of scientific, scientific, technical and innovative activities for 2021–2025; the Eurasian Economic Union; the International Conference “Designing the Future. Problems of digital reality”; Significant events in the Republic of Belarus in 2021–2022 on the development of industry.
Protective Аbility of Cement Concrete with Polyfunctional Additive in Relation to Steel Reinforcement
Authors: Gurinenko N. S. , Batyanovskiy E. I.
Published: August 2023

The paper presents the results of studies of the influence of the components of a complex polyfunctional additive on the protective ability of concrete in relation to steel reinforcement of reinforced concrete building structures. In accordance with modern trends in the use of chemical additives in concrete with the aim of a complex effect both on the processes of hardening and the formation of its structure, and on the final physical, mechanical and operational properties of concrete, the additive in question consists of a number of components. It consists of a plasticizing component, accelerating hardening and compacting the structure of hardening concrete, as well as amorphous ultrafine microsilica. The presence of the latter is accompanied by a reaction with calcium hydroxide and its transfer to a bound state in hardening concrete, which creates prerequisites for a decrease in alkalinity (pH factor) in its volume and, accordingly, can create a risk of corrosion of steel reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures. Taking into account this circumstance, studies have been carried out in order to establish the degree of influence of the amorphous ultrafine microsilica present in the composition of the additive on the properties of concrete, including an assessment of its protective properties in relation to steel reinforcement, as well as a change in strength over time (in this paper up to the "age" of concrete in three years from the moment of manufacture of samples of compositions without chemical additives and with the introduction of a complex polyfunctional additive). As a result, an increase in the density, strength of concrete and its operational properties, including the protective ability in relation to steel reinforcement, due to the complex effect of the additive components, has been revealed, including a decrease in the initial water content and an increase in the density of the cement stone and transition zones of its contact with the surface of the aggregate grains in concrete.
Applied Insulating Coatings for Gas Distribution Pipelines in the Republic of Belarus and Their Characteristics
Authors: Romaniuk V. N. , Strutsky N. V.
Published: August 2023

Gas distribution system is a production complex, which is part of the gas supply system and consists of organizational and economically interconnected facilities designed to organize the supply of gas directly to consumers. On the national basis of the gas distribution system is formed by about 67.0 thousand km of external distribution gas pipelines, 28.0 thousand km  of which are underground steel pipelines. As potentially hazardous objects, steel underground distribution pipelines are subject to higher requirements for corrosion protection. As a rule, they are provided with complex anticorrosion protection, an obligatory component of which is insulation coatings. Taking into account the above mentioned, the definition of general indicators characterizing condition of insulation, the degree of its wear is an actual task. To solve it, for the first time, we have analyzed an array of long-term statistical data on defects of protective coatings of distribution gas pipelines, detected by instrumental method. The values of specific defect density Dd and damageability Ad have been determined for all types of applied protective coatings. The best values have been found for insulation on the basis of heat-shrinkable tapes. The characteristic damage of  the protective coating on the basis of bituminous mastics (microcracks), which can be used as an indicator of aging of this type of insulation, has been determined. It has been shown that defect formation in the insulation coatings of gas pipelines up to the present time is, as a rule, a low-intensive process, which has been confirmed, among other things, for  gas pipelines operated for a long time. The obtained results were included into the justification of abolition of the previously used 40-year normative service life of steel gas pipelines in the new edition of the Rules of Technical Safety in the Field of Gas Supply of the Republic of Belarus.
Upstream surface roughness and terrain drive contrast in tornado potential between North and South America
Authors: Li Funing , Chavas Daniel , Medeiros Brian , Reed Kevin , Rasmussen Kristen
Published: August 2023

Central North America is the global hotspot for tornadoes, fueled by elevated terrain of the Rockies to the west and a source of warm, moist air from equatorward oceans. This conventional wisdom argues that central South America, with the Andes to the west and Amazon basin to the north, should have a “tornado alley” at least as active as central North America. Central South America has frequent severe thunderstorms yet relatively few tornadoes. Here we show that conventional wisdom is missing an important ingredient specific to tornadoes: a smooth, flat ocean-like upstream surface. Using global climate model experiments, we show that central South American tornado potential substantially increases if its equatorward land surface is smoothed and flattened to be ocean-like. Similarly, we show that central North American tornado potential substantially decreases if its equatorward ocean surface is roughened to values comparable to forested land. A rough upstream surface suppresses the formation of tornadic environments principally by weakening the poleward low-level winds, characterized by a weakened low-level jet east of the mountain range. Results are shown to be robust for any midlatitude landmass using idealized experiments with a simplified continent and mountain range. Our findings indicate that large-scale upstream surface roughness helps generate the strong contrast in tornado activity between North and South America.
In times of need. Cross-country investigation of the determinants of aid allocation for Ukraine during the 2022 Russian invasion
Authors: Trepanowski Radosław , Drążkowski Dariusz , Burdun Patryk , Bojarski Dawid
Published: August 2023

In August 2023, the Russian Federation's invasion of Ukraine had already been ongoing for almost sixteen months. During this time, many world governments provided aid to Ukraine. Our study scrutinizes the geographical, economic, political, and defensive factors determining the distribution of bilateral aid to Ukraine, using cross-national data from 105 countries. Using Tobit regression, we have shown that NATO or EU membership, a country's freedom level, and its distance from the Russian Federation correspond to increased total and military aid. Additionally, freedom was related to higher financial aid, while freedom, distance from the Russian Federation, and total trade with Ukraine were related to higher humanitarian aid provided to Ukraine. Our analysis contributes to a better understanding of aid allocation to Ukraine during the Russian invasion and suggests that countries might provide aid to enhance the military safety of the Euro-Atlantic area, to express the freedom-oriented values of democratic countries, and to protect their economic interests in Ukraine. Thus, the aid provided to Ukraine seems to serve donors' foreign policy strategy driven by security, political, and trade interests.
Exposure to High Dosage of Gold Nanoparticles Accelerates Growth Rate by Modulating Ribosomal Protein Expression.
Authors: Quadir Shabina , Khan Nuha , Singh Deepak , Faraz Amir , Jhingan Gagan , Joshi Mohan
Published: August 2023

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been utilized in various biomedical applications, including diagnostics and drug delivery. However, cellular and metabolic responses of cells to these particles remain poorly characterized. In this study, we used bacteria (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) and a fungus (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as model organisms to investigate the cellular and metabolic effects of exposure to different concentrations of citrate-capped spherical AuNPs with diameters of 5 and 10 nm. Our data showed the stability of synthesized AuNPs in different growth media and revealed comparable uptake by microorganisms. An exposure to a high concentration of AuNPs (1012 particles) resulted in reduced cell-division time and a two-fold increase in cell density in both bacteria and unicellular eukaryote. The exposed cells exhibited a decrease in average cell size and an increase in the cell-division marker protein (FtsZ), further supporting an accelerate growth rate. Notably, exposure to such high dosage of AuNPs did not induce DNA damage, envelope stress, or a general stress response in bacteria. Differential whole proteome analysis demonstrated modulation of ribosomal protein expression upon exposure to AuNPs in both E. coli and S. cerevisiae. Interestingly, the accelerated growth observed in the presence of AuNPs was sensitive to sub-MIC dosages of a drug that specifically targets ribosome assembly and recycling. Based upon these findings, we argue that exposure to high concentrations of AuNPs induces stress on the translation machinery. This leads to an increase in protein synthesis rate by modulating ribosome assembly, which results in the rapid proliferation of cells.
Transvaginal Cervical Length To Predict Delivery Latency in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Agaoglu Merve Ozturk , Celen Sevki
Published: August 2023

Purpose: To investigate the association between transvaginal cervical length (TVCL) and delivery latency in pregnancies with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).
Methods: A prospective study was conducted with 72 cases with PPROM between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation. Maternal characteristics, TVCL, the time between diagnosis of PPROM and delivery, and obstetric outcomes were documented. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the independent prediction of significant parameters for delivery within seven days. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were calculated for the combination of TVCL, presence of a cervical funneling, and maternal body mass index (BMI) to predict delivery within seven days.
Results: 44% of the 72 PPROM cases were delivered within the first seven days after PPROM. Cervical funneling and short TVCL were associated with latency <7 day (p= 0.001 and p=0.000). In logistic regression analysis, gestational week of PPROM and TVCL were found to be the parameters affecting the delivery risk with a latency ≤7 days. (OR =1.402, p=0.039; OR=0.46, p=0.045 respectively). The combination of <25 mm TVCL and the presence of cervical funneling had a sensitivity of 38% and a specificity of 97.5% in predicting latency ≤7 days. In BMI>30 group, the PPV reached 100% in predicting latency ≤7 days with 18% sensitivity and 100% specificity.
Conclusion: The combination of cervical funneling, TVCL <25 mm, and maternal obesity can predict delivery within seven days of PPROM. These findings may be helpful in counseling and optimizing maternal and neonatal care in women with PPROM.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Carbopol Hydrogel, Okra Mucilage, and Gum Acacia hydrogel for delivery of herbal excipient in excision wound- In vitro and In vivo experiment
Authors: SAHA ISHITA , Das Dipak , Karmakar Parimal
Published: August 2023

The prevention of infection is the most important part of wound healing, in this article mentions the fabrication process of calendula extract encapsulated gum acacia hydrogel (GA@Cal) are more facile and cost-effective than okra mucilage and carbopol hydrogel wound dressing materials. We observed that gum acacia (GA) hydrogel is a porous structure so its water absorbance capacity is higher than other agents. In vitro study, we used MTT assay, Scratch assay and western blot analysis, the result suggested that, GA@Cal enhanced the cell proliferation, PI3K pathway. In an in-vivo study, GA@Cal showed excellent results compared to the untreated and GA groups.
Machine Learning-Accelerated Discovery of Novel 2D Ferromagnetic Materials with Strong Magnetization
Authors: Song Bingqian , Fan Zhen , Jin Guangyong , Song Yongli , Pan Feng , Xin Chao
Published: August 2023

Two-dimensional ferromagnetic (2DFM) semiconductors (metals, half-metals, and so on) are important materials for next-generation nano-electronic and nano-spintronic devices. However, these kinds of materials remain scarce, and “trial and error” experiments and calculations are time-consuming and expensive. In the present work, to obtain optimal 2DFM materials with strong magnetization, we established a machine learning (ML) framework to search the 2D material space containing over 2417 samples, and identified 615 compounds whose magnetic orders was then determined via high-through-put first-principles calculations. Using ML algorithms, we trained two classification models and a regression model. The interpretability of the regression model was evaluated through SHAP value analysis. Unexpectedly, we found that Cr2NF2is a potential antiferromagnetic ferroelectric 2D multiferroic material. More importantly, 60 novel 2DFM candidates were predicted, and among them, 13 candidates have magnetic moments of > 7µB. Os2Cl8, Fe3GeSe2, and Mn4N3S2were predicted to be novel 2DFM semiconductors, metals, and half-metals, respectively. Our ML approach can accelerate the prediction of 2DFM materials with strong magnetization and reduce the computation time by more than one order of magnitude.
Impact of dietary macronutrient composition on gene regulation in adipose tissue
Authors: Farris Kathryn , Senior Alistair , Sobreira Debora , Ingerslev Lars , Barres Romain , Simpson Stephen , Crean Angela , Nobrega Marcelo
Published: August 2023

Diet is a key lifestyle component that influences metabolic health through several factors, including total energy intake and macronutrient composition. While the impact of caloric intake on gene expression and physiological phenomenon in various tissues is well described, the influence of dietary macronutrient composition on these parameters is less well studied. Here, we used the Nutritional Geometry framework to investigate the role of macronutrient composition on metabolic function and gene regulation in adipose tissue. Using ten isocaloric diets that vary systematically in their proportion of energy from fat, protein, and carbohydrates, we found that gene expression and splicing are highly responsive to macronutrient composition, with distinct sets of genes regulated by different macronutrient interactions. Specifically, the expression of many genes associated with Bardet-Biedl syndrome was responsive to dietary fat content. Splicing and expression changes occurred in largely separate gene sets, highlighting distinct mechanisms by which dietary composition influences the transcriptome and emphasizing the importance of considering splicing changes to more fully capture the gene regulation response to environmental changes such as diet. Our study provides insight into the gene regulation plasticity of adipose tissue in response to macronutrient composition, beyond the already well-characterized response to caloric intake.
Multipath Mitigation for Indoor Positioning with Empirical Mode Decomposition and Spatial Autoregressive Neural Network Methods
Authors: Yao Yongjun , Zhao Kun , Zeng Yi , Zheng Zhengqi , Xu Li
Published: August 2023

The multipath in the wireless channel leads to a bias of time of flight (TOF) observations, which degrades indoor positioning accuracy and performance. This paper proposes a method for modeling ranging errors to mitigate multipath effects and using a filtering algorithm in signal pre-processing. By combining traditional spatial interpolation methods with neural networks, we propose a spatial autoregressive network architecture, which fits the nonlinear relationship between the spatial distance and the spatial autocorrelation weight to calculate the error. The spatial autoregressive neural network (SANN) overcomes the limitation of traditional interpolation methods when calculating spatial weights and the disadvantage of existing methods that directly fit errors by spatial distances, which neglects the spatial correlation of errors, resulting in high prediction accuracy. This paper also uses empirical modal decomposition (EMD) to pre-process the signal to reduce the noise in the signal. The lab experiments demonstrate that EMD effectively minimizes signal noise and reduces raw data variance by 30%. SANN effectively mitigates the multipath effects. The experimental results show that the average positioning accuracy achieves 9.2 cm. Even in dynamic tests, high accuracy and robustness results are displayed.