bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEGENERATE BIFURCATIONS AND BORDER COLLISIONS IN PIECEWISE SMOOTH 1D AND 2D MAPS
Authors: SUSHKO IRYNA , GARDINI LAURA
Published: July 2010

We recall three well-known theorems related to the simplest codimension-one bifurcations occurring in discrete time dynamical systems, such as the fold, flip and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations, and analyze these bifurcations in presence of certain degeneracy conditions, when the above mentioned theorems are not applied. The occurrence of such degenerate bifurcations is particularly important in piecewise smooth maps, for which it is not possible to specify in general the result of the bifurcation, as it strongly depends on the global properties of the map. In fact, the degenerate bifurcations mainly occur in piecewise smooth maps defined in some subspace of the phase space by a linear or linear-fractional function, although not necessarily only by such functions. We also discuss the relation between degenerate bifurcations and border-collision bifurcations.
COMPLEX DYNAMICS AND CHAOS IN A HYBRID SYSTEM MODELING A CONTROLLED REVERSE FLOW REACTOR
Authors: BRASIELLO A. , MANCUSI E. , RUSSO L. , CRESCITELLI S.
Published: July 2010

In this work some complex behaviors of a controlled reverse flow reactor is presented. The control system introduces discrete events making the model an infinite dimensional hybrid system. The study is conducted through continuation techniques and brute force numerical simulations. Together with standard bifurcations like pitchfork, saddle-node and Neimark–Sacker, varying the set-point parameter of the controller, several novel aspects are singled out: an unusual sequence of period-adding bifurcation phenomena, a new route to chaos and the coexistence of Zeno states with quasi-periodic and chaotic regimes. The period-adding phenomena dictate the transition between symmetric and asymmetric multiperiodic regimes and a simple rule for the occurrence of symmetry breaking and recovery is found. The new route to chaos is a transition from a quasi-periodic regime to chaos due to the presence of Zeno phenomena, typical of hybrid systems. The chaos is characterized by Zeno-like oscillations.
CRITICAL PERIODS OF THIRD-ORDER PLANAR HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS
Authors: YU PEI , HAN MAOAN , ZHANG JIZHOU
Published: July 2010

This paper considers the critical periods of third-order planar Hamiltonian systems. It is assumed that the origin of the system is a center. With the aid of symbolic and numerical computations, we show the existence of seven local critical periods. This is the maximal number of local critical periods that a cubic Hamiltonian system can have.
HIERARCHICAL PARAMETERIZATION OF TRIANGULAR MESH WITH A BOUNDARY POLYGON TRIANGULATION
Authors: BAI XIAOLIANG , ZHANG SHUSHENG
Published: July 2010

Parameterizing a 3D triangular mesh is the process of finding an isomorphic planar mesh. It is widely used in graphics, as it is required, for instance, for surface fitting, texture mapping and re-meshing. In this paper, we present a new 3D approach to triangular mesh parameterization, which includes three steps: (1) construct a boundary polygon triangulation by mesh simplification; (2) parameterize the boundary polygon triangulation by first smoothing and then flattening it; (3) parameterize the interior vertices by parameterizing the vertex-split-cells one by one while refining the boundary polygon triangulation to the original one. The fact that all calculations are local makes it a fast approach, and the fact that a series of meshes in a multiresolution representation model could be well parameterized makes it appropriate for hierarchical surface fitting. Experiments show that the approach presented can result in a low distortion parameterization.
WARRANTY POLICY IMPACT ON NET REVENUES DUE TO OPTIONAL PURCHASES
Authors: GAVISH BEZALEL , SOBOL MARION
Published: July 2010

A stochastic model is developed which can be used to set warranty periods so that a small percentage of items sold in a store are returned for rebates, repairs or replacements. If return to the store provides benefits to the retailer such as purchase of upgrades, ability to sell additional related goods or to sell snacks and other unrelated merchandise, while the customer is waiting, then profits may be maximized by setting warranty periods so that a larger percentage of the population will revisit the store.

Results for products with initially high failure rates (TV sets, complex electronic components and cellular phones) versus products with gradually increasing failure rates (tires, batteries) are compared using simulations. Initially high rates of failure in conjunction with revenues from additional purchases that are greater than zero and initial losses that are low may be more lucrative than revenues from gradually increasing wear out replacements. Minimal levels of additional purchases, initial loss in value and rate reduction per number of periods can be established based on realistic simulation data in order for retailers and manufacturers to facilitate profit maximization using warranty policy.
INTEGRATING PROMETHEEII WITH THE TCHEBYCHEFF FUNCTION FOR MULTI CRITERIA DECISION MAKING
Authors: SOYLU BANU
Published: July 2010

Choice problem is related to finding the best compromise alternative or a set of alternatives among various options by considering conflicting criteria. PrometheeII is one of the well-known decision making methods that has been successfully applied to this problem. However, both our experiments and the other results from literature show that the PrometheeII algorithm performs better especially for problems having convex frontier. In this study, PrometheeII is integrated with the Tchebycheff function, which is capable of reaching efficient alternatives located at non-convex part of the efficient frontier. An experimental study is performed on the integrated procedure, PrometheeII and the multiplicative version of PrometheeII by using different test problems from the multi objective optimization literature.
THE MEDIATE EFFECT OF TRUST ON ORGANIZATIONAL ONLINE KNOWLEDGE SHARING: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Authors: HO LI-AN , KUO TSUNG-HSIEN , LIN CHINHO , LIN BINSHAN
Published: July 2010

This study proposes a conceptual structural equation model to investigate the relationships among knowledge management system quality, employee computer attitude, trust at workplace and online knowledge sharing. We demonstrate the direct and indirect effect of trust on online knowledge sharing from the perspectives of system quality and computer attitude. An empirical study is conducted in three technological companies (n = 451) in Taiwan and the collected survey data are used to test the relationships among the four dimensions expressed in the proposed structural equation model. The results show that trust at workplace has a mediating effect on online knowledge sharing within organizations. It is also discovered that there is significant correlation between IT quality, employees' computer attitude and online trust at workplace. The conceptual model provides useful information for managers to enhance knowledge sharing through the promotion of trust at workplaces.
Repeatability of Clinical, Biomechanical, and Motor Control Profiles in People with and without Standing-Induced Low Back Pain
Authors: Nelson-Wong Erika , Callaghan Jack P.
Published: July 2010

A major research focus is optimization of interventions for low back pain (LBP). Predisposing factors for LBP development have been previously identified. To differentiate changes in these factors with intervention, factor stability over time must be determined. Twenty-three volunteers without LBP participated in a LBP-inducing standing protocol on two separate days. Outcome measures included visual analog scale (VAS) for LBP and trunk/hip muscle coactivation patterns. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to examine repeatability. Between-day repeatability of outcome measures was excellent (ICCs>0.80). Individuals were consistent in subjective LBP, with 83% reporting similar day-to-day VAS levels. Muscle co-activation patterns and LBP reports are stable measures over time for this LBP-inducing protocol. Changes in these measures following intervention can be considered to be treatment effects and are not due to natural variability. This provides support for use of this protocol in studying interventions for standing-induced LBP.
An Extensible Dialogue Script for a Robot Based on Unification of State-Transition Models
Authors: Matsusaka Yosuke , Fujii Hiroyuki , Hara Isao
Published: July 2010

We propose extension-by-unification method to improve reusability of the dialogue components in the development of communication function of the robot. Compared to previous extension-by-connection method used in behavior-based communication robot developments, the extension-by-unification method has the ability to decompose the script into components. The decomposed components can be recomposed to build a new application easily. In this paper, first we, explain a reformulation we have applied to the conventional state-transition model. Second, we explain a set of algorithms to decompose, recompose, and detect the conflict of each component. Third, we explain a dialogue engine and a script management server we have developed. The script management server has a function to propose reusable components to the developer in real time by implementing the conflict detection algorithm. The dialogue engine SEAT (Speech Event-Action Translator) has flexible adapter mechanism to enable quick integration to robotic systems. We have confirmed that by the application of three robots, development efficiency has improved by 30%.
Existence Theorems for Generalized Distance on Complete Metric Spaces
Authors: Ume JeongSheok
Published: July 2010

We first introduce the new concept of a distance called "Equation missing"-distance, which generalizes "Equation missing"-distance, Tataru's distance, and "Equation missing"-distance. Then we prove a new minimization theorem and a new fixed point theorem by using a "Equation missing"-distance on a complete metric space. Our results extend and unify many known results due to Caristi, Ćirić, Ekeland, Kada-Suzuki-Takahashi, Kannan, Ume, and others.
Rank Protein Immunolabeling during Bone-Implant Interface Healing Process
Authors: Ávila Souza Francisley , Pereira Queiroz Thallita , Rodrigues Luvizuto Eloá , Nishioka Renato Sussumu , Garcia-JR Idelmo Rangel , de Carvalho Paulo Sérgio Perri , Okamoto Roberta
Published: July 2010

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the expression of RANK protein during bone-healing process around machined surface implants. Twenty male Wistar rats, 90 days old, after having had a 2 mm diameter and 6 mm long implant inserted in their right tibias, were evaluated at 7, 14, 21, and 42 days after healing. After obtaining the histological samples, slides were subjected to RANK immunostaining reaction. Results were quantitatively evaluated.Results. Immunolabeling analysis showed expressions of RANK in osteoclast and osteoblast lineage cells. The statistical analysis showed an increase in the expression of RANK in osteoblasts at 7 postoperative days and a gradual decrease during the chronology of the healing process demonstrated by mild cellular activity in the final stage (P<.05).Conclusion. RANK immunolabeling was observed especially in osteoclast and osteoblast cells in primary bone during the initial periods of bone-healing/implant interface.
A Method for Individualizing the Prediction of Immunogenicity of Protein Vaccines and Biologic Therapeutics: Individualized T Cell Epitope Measure (iTEM)
Authors: Cohen Tobias , Moise Leonard , Ardito Matthew , Martin William , De Groot Anne S.
Published: July 2010

The promise of pharmacogenomics depends on advancing predictive medicine. To address this need in the area of immunology, we developed the individualized T cell epitope measure (iTEM) tool to estimate an individual's T cell response to a protein antigen based on HLA binding predictions. In this study, we validated prospective iTEM predictions using data from in vitro and in vivo studies. We used a mathematical formula that convertsDRB1∗allele binding predictions generated by EpiMatrix, an epitope-mapping tool, into an allele-specific scoring system. We then demonstrated that iTEM can be used to define an HLA binding threshold above which immune response is likely and below which immune response is likely to be absent. iTEM's predictive power was strongest when the immune response is focused, such as in subunit vaccination and administration of protein therapeutics. iTEM may be a useful tool for clinical trial design and preclinical evaluation of vaccines and protein therapeutics.
Hepatic Haemangioma Masquerading as the Gallbladder in a Case of Gallbladder Agenesis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Stephenson James A. , Norwood Michael , Al-Leswas Dhya , Al-Taan Omer , Beable Richard , Lloyd David M. , Dennison Ashley R.
Published: July 2010

Gallbladder agenesis is uncommon. In contrast, liver haemangiomas are the most common type of benign liver lesions. We describe the first documented case of gallbladder agenesis where the clinical presentation was consistent with biliary colic, and radiological investigation suggested the presence of gallstones. Subsequent operative findings revealed a solitary haemangioma of the liver sited in the normal position of the gallbladder fossa but with absence of the gallbladder. It is important that clinicians should keep gallbladder agenesis in mind when the gallbladder appears abnormal on preoperative imaging studies and cannot be found at laparoscopy. As symptoms will improve in 98% of cases, it is very important to avoid unnecessary intervention in patients who have a negative laparoscopy. The clinical presentation, investigations, and operative findings are discussed with a review of other relevant reported cases in the literature.
Are Recommended Phototherapy Thresholds Safe Enough for Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW) Infants? A Report on 2 ELBW Infants with Kernicterus despite Only Moderate Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Moll M. , Goelz R. , Naegele T. , Wilke M. , Poets C.F.
Published: July 2010

Two extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants developed characteristic signs of kernicterus at 4 and 8 months corrected age despite only moderate neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (peak serum bilirubin <10 g/dl) and phototherapy being applied according to current guidelines. Both girls were from twin pregnancies and had fetal complications (donor in a twin-twin transfusion syndrome and acardius-acranius malformation in the second twin, respectively), connatal anemia (initial hematocrit 30%), and mild acidosis after birth. They had been neurologically normal at discharge except for abnormal otoacustic emissions (OAE). At the time kernicterus was diagnosed, both infants were nearly deaf, showed severe psychomotor retardation with dystonic features and had marked bilateral hyperintensities in the globus pallidum on MRI. Based on these and similar cases from the literature, we question whether current phototherapy guidelines are appropriate for high-risk ELBW infants. Lower thresholds may be preferable, at least if additional risk factors, such as anemia, are present.
Intraoperative Consultation in Ovarian Pathology
Authors: Akrivos Nikolaos , Thomakos Nikolaos , Sotiropoulou Maria , Rodolakis Alexandros , Antsaklis Aris
Published: July 2010

Ovarian specimens are very commonly submitted for intraoperative consultation (frozen section diagnosis) in order to confirm the presence of malignancy, to give the surgeon all the information for the histologic type of the tumor and finally determine the extent of surgery. In most cases, intraoperative consultation regarding ovarian masses accurately determines the type of malignancy. The pathologist and the gynecologist must be aware of the applications, indications and limitations of frozen section. Despite its limitations, frozen section diagnosis represents a sensitive and specific technique that can play a very important role in the management of ovarian disease.
A Comparative Study of Outside-In and Inside-Out Transobturator Tape Procedures for Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Chae Hee-Dong , Kim So-Ra , Jeon Gun-Ho , Kim Dae-Yeon , Kim Sung-Hoon , Kim Jong-Hyeok , Kim Chung-Hoon , Kim Yong-Man , Kim Young-Tak , Kang Byung-Moon , Nam Joo-Hyun
Published: July 2010

Aims: This study compared the clinical outcome of patients undergoing outside-in transobturator tape (TOT) or inside-out transobturator tape (TVT-O) procedures for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods: The study examined the medical records of 615 patients who underwent TOT (376 patients) or TVT-O (239 patients) for SUI, and compared patient characteristics, operation time, duration of hospital stay, cure rates, and complication rates, by conducting a 1-year follow-up survey. Results: The TOT and TVT-O groups were found to be similar in terms of operation time, duration of hospital stay, surgical outcome (both before and after adjustment for age, parity, menopause, and previous pelvic surgery, cure rate (87.8% for TOT and 85.3% for TVT-O) and complication rate (14.4% for TOT, 15.5% for TVT-O). The complication rates after operations did not differ significantly between the two groups. Complications over the 1-year follow-up included urinary retention, de novo urgency, leg pain, vaginal mesh erosion, and hematoma, and all resolved following appropriate treatment. Conclusions: The TOT and TVT-O procedures appeared to be equally clinically effective and safe when used to treat female SUI.
Pursed-Lips Breathing Improves Inspiratory Capacity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Visser Frank J. , Ramlal Sunil , Dekhuijzen P.N. Richard , Heijdra Yvonne F.
Published: July 2010

Background: In patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pursed-lips breathing (PLB) improves the pulmonary gas exchange and hyperinflation measured by electro-optic coupling. The response to PLB in inspiratory lung function tests is not known. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of PLB on inspiratory parameters. Methods: Thirty-five subjects with stable COPD and a forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) <50% of the predicted value were tested for the following primary parameters before and immediately after PLB, and 5 min later: forced inspiratory vital capacity, inspiratory capacity (IC), forced inspiratory volume in first second, maximal inspiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity, and peak inspiratory flow. Patients were also tested for the following secondary parameters: vital capacity, FEV1, breathing frequency, end-tidal CO2 tension, and oxygen saturation. Results: Of all the primary parameters only IC (p = 0.006) improved significantly; with regard to the secondary parameters, the mean oxygen saturation was improved by 1% (p = 0.005) and the mean end-tidal CO2 tension and breathing frequency decreased significantly (p < 0.0001 for both) to 3.2 mm Hg and 3.1 breaths/min, respectively. After 5 min the effects diminished. Conclusion: Improved IC after PLB indicates less hyperinflation in patients with severe COPD; there was no effect on parameters of flow.
Seasonal Flow Reversals of Intermediate Waters in the Canary Current System East of the Canary Islands
Authors: Machín Francisco , Pelegrí Josep L. , Fraile-Nuez E. , Vélez-Belchí P. , López-Laatzen F. , Hernández-Guerra A.
Published: July 2010

Two 9-yr current-meter and salinity records, together with climatological data, reveal marked seasonal variability of the intermediate flow at a key location in the Canary Basin. The region is characterized by a summer (July–September) and early fall (October) northward progression of Antarctic Intermediate Water followed by a fall (November–December) intense flow reversal of Mediterranean Water. A Sverdrup-type model confirms that these movements are associated with stretching or shrinking of the intermediate water strata.
Semiempirical Dissipation Source Functions for Ocean Waves. Part I: Definition, Calibration, and Validation
Authors: Ardhuin Fabrice , Rogers Erick , Babanin Alexander V. , Filipot Jean-François , Magne Rudy , Roland Aaron , van der Westhuysen Andre , Queffeulou Pierre , Lefevre Jean-Michel , Aouf Lotfi , Collard Fabrice
Published: July 2010

New parameterizations for the spectral dissipation of wind-generated waves are proposed. The rates of dissipation have no predetermined spectral shapes and are functions of the wave spectrum and wind speed and direction, in a way consistent with observations of wave breaking and swell dissipation properties. Namely, the swell dissipation is nonlinear and proportional to the swell steepness, and dissipation due to wave breaking is nonzero only when a nondimensional spectrum exceeds the threshold at which waves are observed to start breaking. An additional source of short-wave dissipation is introduced to represent the dissipation of short waves due to longer breaking waves. A reduction of the wind-wave generation of short waves is meant to account for the momentum flux absorbed by longer waves. These parameterizations are combined and calibrated with the discrete interaction approximation for the nonlinear interactions. Parameters are adjusted to reproduce observed shapes of directional wave spectra, and the variability of spectral moments with wind speed and wave height. The wave energy balance is verified in a wide range of conditions and scales, from the global ocean to coastal settings. Wave height, peak and mean periods, and spectral data are validated using in situ and remote sensing data. Some systematic defects are still present, but, overall, the parameterizations probably yield the most accurate estimates of wave parameters to date. Perspectives for further improvement are also given.
Migrants' Skills and Productivity: A European Perspective
Authors: Huber Peter , Landesmann Michael , Robinson Catherine , Stehrer Robert
Published: July 2010

The freedom of movement of persons is one of the core tenets of the European Union. Immigration however is often seen as a cause for concern amongst native workers, as rising labour supply may threaten jobs and create downward pressure on wages. National politicians are increasingly under pressure to guard against it — in times of recession particularly. Despite this, there is evidence that highly-skilled migrant labour has the potential to raise competitiveness significantly and in theory this may feed into productivity. In this paper, we explore first the composition of inward migration to the EU and within the EU, concentrating specifically on the role of the highly-skilled and the extent to which migrants are overqualified within their jobs. We then analyse whether migrant workers affect productivity at the sectoral level. We find under-utilisation of skilled foreign labour and there is little evidence in general to suggest that migrants have raised productivity which may in part be attributable to over-qualification. However, we find robust evidence that migrants — particularly highly-skilled migrants — play a positive role in productivity developments in industries which are classified as ‘skill intensive’.
Relations between Macao and Britain during the Napoleonic Wars
Authors: Hariharan Shantha
Published: July 2010

This brief article, based on archival research, demonstrates how the various European mercantile and colonial powers fought proxy wars in Asia which endangered the early beginnings of British possessions in South Asia and risked the wrath of China. The article outlines an aborted attempt by the British to land troops in Macao to protect emerging British trade interests in the region and examines the reasons for this failed endeavour.
What is Your Essentialism is My Immanent Flesh!
Authors: Withers Deborah M.
Published: July 2010

This article examines one of the main epistemological frameworks that feminist theory has used for the past 30 years: essentialism and anti-essentialism. It explores what is at stake by continuing to use such perspectives within the late days of the early 21st century, and how it is linked to a performance of critical sophistication which has specific political consequences. Instead of seeing the body as essentialist, the author draws on two examples — popular musician Kate Bush and ontological ideas about the Goddess — to present the body as immanent flesh. This has implications for thinking through different forms of relational and critical perspectives circulating in the current climate, and the author argues that the recent (re)introduction of affect and the increasing interest in haptic knowledges is part of the immanent flesh’s potential for transforming (feminist) knowledge and the wider world.
Looking at and Longing for Male and Female “Swimsuit Models”
Authors: Lippa Richard A. , Patterson Travis M. , Marelich William D.
Published: July 2010

Men’s sexual attractions tend to be more category specific than women’s—that is, men tend to be attracted to either women or men, whereas women are more likely to show some degree of attraction to both sexes. To explore this phenomenon further, the authors assessed 62 heterosexual men and 79 heterosexual women on their time spent viewing and self-reported sexual attraction to photographed male and female “swimsuit models” who varied in attractiveness. Consistent with theoretical predictions, men showed stronger category specificity than women. Specifically, men were more sexually attracted to female than male models and men spent more time viewing female than male models, particularly when models were highly attractive. In contrast, women were sexually attracted to both female and male models—with sexual attraction to both sexes increasing with models’ attractiveness—and women’s viewing time was better predicted by model attractiveness than by model sex.
The United States and the “Culture of Narcissism”
Authors: Keith Campbell W. , Miller Joshua D. , Buffardi Laura E.
Published: July 2010

It has been suggested that the United States has an increasingly narcissistic culture. In the present research, perceptions of national character (PNCs) are used to examine cultural levels of narcissism. In Study 1, archival data show that American PNCs assessed with the five factor model (FFM) closely fit with the profile of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD); archived FFM reports of acquaintances, however, did not fit well. Likewise, in a cross-national comparison, U.S. PNCs of NPD were the highest among examined cultures and U.S. acquaintance reports of NPD were in the top 10. In Study 2, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) was modified to assess PNCs. PNCs reflected high levels of narcissism, whereas self-reports and acquaintance reports reflected more moderate levels. In Study 3, PNCs were examined using the NPI and four personality disorder (PD) scales, including NPD. The difference between self-reports and PNCs was highest for narcissism and NPD compared to other PDs.
Moral Transformation
Authors: Gray Kurt
Published: July 2010

Moral transformation is the hypothesis that doing good or evil increases agency—the capacity for self-control, tenacity, and personal strength. Three experiments provide support for this hypothesis, finding that those who do good or evil become physically more powerful. In Experiment 1, people hold a 5 lb. weight longer after donating to charity. In Experiment 2, people hold a weight longer when writing about themselves helping or harming another. In Experiment 3, people hold a hand grip longer after donating to charity. The transformative power of good and evil is not accounted for by affect. Moral transformation is explained as the embodiment of moral typecasting, the tendency to “typecast” good- and evildoers as more capable of agency and less sensitive to experience. Implications for power, aging, self-control, and recovery are discussed.
Being Unpredictable
Authors: Ybarra Oscar , Keller Matthew C. , Chan Emily , Garcia Stephen M. , Sanchez-Burks Jeffrey , Morrison Kimberly Rios , Baron Andrew S.
Published: July 2010

Psychological research has devoted much attention to how people judge and predict others. However, a full understanding of social perception necessitates incorporating the responses of the targets, who may have little interest in being predicted. The authors argue that whether people want to be predicted depends on the interpersonal context—in particular, competitive or cooperative ones. Study 1 used a unique behavioral measure and showed that competition participants, when asked to draw the flight path of a moth in a separate study, produced significantly more variable and significantly less predictable trajectories than did cooperation participants. Study 2 examined participants' self-assessments and showed that participants expecting a competitive interaction indicated that they were more difficult to predict, less willing to open up, and more willing to mislead. Together, the findings suggest that people are not always open to being predicted and that the form of these tendencies depends on features of the situation.
Performance Anxiety
Authors: Sadler Michael E. , Miller Christopher J.
Published: July 2010

Severe anxiety may impair functioning in diverse endeavors such as public speaking, athletics, test-taking, sexual relations, and artistic performance. We extend previous research on performance anxiety to explore the role of higher-order and primary personality traits and years of training on performance anxiety in musicians, prospectively and over repeated observations. Personality was assessed with the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire, and experience sampling was used to collect repeated measures of anxiety just prior to musical performances of varying type and importance. Multilevel analysis, controlling for known covariates, indicated that Negative Emotionality predicted more than 50% of individual differences in music performance anxiety. An interaction showed that performance anxiety associated with personality disposition was offset by years of formal training. Performance anxiety decreased over successive performances under varying circumstances, suggesting that the diary format of self-monitoring may have therapeutic potential.
Modification of conservative treatment of heterotopic cervical pregnancy by Foley catheter balloon fixation with cerclage sutures at the level of the external cervical os: a case report
Authors: Hafner Tomislav , Ivkosic Ivana Erceg , Serman Alan , Bauman Renato , Ujevic Boris , Vujisic Sanja , Hafner Daria , Miskovic Berivoj
Published: July 2010

Introduction

Conservative treatment of a heterotopic cervical pregnancy was performed with a modification of the fixation of a Foley catheter at the level of the external cervical os, followed by the ligature of the descending cervical branches of the uterine arteries and systemic methotrexate application.

Case presentation

A 34-year-old Caucasian woman was diagnosed with double gestation after 6 weeks of in vitro fertilization treatment. A gynecological examination and color Doppler ultrasound scan revealed intra-uterine and cervical gestational sacs both containing live fetuses. A Foley catheter balloon was inserted into the cervical canal, inflated and fixed by a cerclage suture at the level of the external cervical os, followed by ligation of the descending cervical branches of the uterine arteries. Systemic methotrexate was applied. Three days after removal of the Foley catheter, an evacuation of the intra-uterine gestational sac was performed. Hemorrhage from the implantation site was controlled immediately and a pregnancy termination was successfully performed. The procedure was uneventful and our patient was discharged with a preserved uterus.

Conclusions

Conservative treatment of cervical pregnancy using a Foley catheter balloon is more efficacious if the Foley catheter balloon is attached in the correct position with a cerclage suture at the level of the external os, followed by ligation of the descending cervical branches of the uterine arteries, thereby exerting maximal pressure on the bleeding vessels.
Highly Active Cs2O/Ru/Pr6O11 as a Catalyst for Ammonia Decomposition
Authors: Nagaoka Katsutoshi , Honda Kyoko , Ibuki Megumi , Sato Katsutoshi , Takita Yusaku
Published: July 2010

The use of a new catalyst, namely, Cs2O/5 wt % Ru/Pr6O11 (mole ratio of Cs to Ru: 1), in which Ru is supported on strong basic Pr6O11 and the strong basic promoter Cs2O is added, resulted in almost complete NH3 consumption at 673 K and an NH3 conversion of 14% even at temperatures as low as 523 K.
Hormone replacement therapy and breast disease
Authors: Marsden Jo
Published: July 2010

Key content

It is the addition of a progestogen that confers the increased risk of breast cancer diagnosis associated with HRT.

Risk may be reduced by the use of combined regimens containing progesterone‐derived progestogen or dydrogesterone.

The levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer diagnosis.

HRT may reduce the sensitivity and specificity of mammography but there is no direct clinical evidence that this reduces the small mortality benefit derived from the NHS Breast Screening Programme.

Although breast cancer diagnosis may be increased with HRT, there is no robust evidence for an adverse effect on breast cancer survival.

Learning objectives

To understand the limitations of existing evidence.

To acknowledge that uncertainty remains.

Ethical issues

Is it ethical to publicise risk factor data in terms of risk ratios and percentage changes?

In the case of an uncertain intervention such as HRT for symptom alleviation, how can risk be balanced against benefit among women at high risk of breast cancer or breast cancer recurrence?

Please cite this article as: Marsden J. Hormone replacement therapy and breast disease. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:155–163.
Diagnosis and management of tuberculosis in pregnancy
Authors: Mahendru Amita , Gajjar Ketan , Eddy John
Published: July 2010

Key content

The UK has one of the highest incidence rates of tuberculosis (TB) in Western Europe.

Tuberculosis in pregnancy appears to be limited exclusively to ethnic minority women.

Timely investigation and diagnosis of TB are essential to initiate treatment and prevent maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Diagnosis is difficult as symptoms can mimic physiological changes of pregnancy.

Learning objectives

To understand the various presentations and identify those at risk of infection or of developing the disease in pregnancy.

To learn about various anti‐TB treatment regimens and their adverse effects.

To understand the issues of infection control and the multidisciplinary approach to care.

Ethical issues

Do newborn infants need to be separated from their mother if the mother has TB?

Can breastfeeding still be recommended if the mother is being treated for TB?

Please cite this article as: Mahendru A, Gajjar K, Eddy J. Diagnosis and management of tuberculosis in pregnancy. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:163–171.
Management of breast cancer during pregnancy
Authors: Padmagirison Radhika , Gajjar Ketan , Spencer Chris
Published: July 2010

Key content

Delays in childbearing trends are likely to lead to an increase in breast cancer cases diagnosed during pregnancy.

Presentation is usually late because early diagnosis is more difficult.

Surgery is safe throughout pregnancy, whilst radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be administered after completion of the first trimester.

Breast cancer in pregnancy does not carry any significant obstetrical or perinatal risks.

Termination of pregnancy does not affect maternal prognosis.

Learning objectives

To understand the role of diagnostic and staging procedures.

To understand the various treatment modalities available.

To understand the obstetric management and timing of delivery.

To highlight the importance of the multidisciplinary team.

Ethical issues

At what gestation could termination of pregnancy be warranted?

When should women embark on a further pregnancy after breast cancer treatment?

Please cite this article as: Padmagirison R, Gajjar K, Spencer C. Management of breast cancer during pregnancy. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:186–192.
StratOG.net: the RCOG's online learning resource to support curriculum delivery and postgraduate training
Authors: Saunders Helen , Hundal Kulvir , Mires Gary J
Published: July 2010

Key content

StratOG.net is a self‐directed and reflective e‐learning programme.

The content mirrors the RCOG's core curriculum.

StratOG.net is designed to meet the learning requirements and to enhance the learning experience of trainees preparing for the RCOG membership examination.

In a satisfaction survey, 98% of respondents considered that StratOG.net had helped them in their learning.

Future developments include a trainers' resource area.

Learning objectives

To understand how StratOG.net can help learners to prepare for the RCOG Membership examination.

To learn about the past and future development of StratOG.net.

Ethical issues

When developing an e‐learning programme, how do you balance the technological constraints and the educational requirements?

Can an e‐learning programme meet all the learning needs of a trainee, or should it always be used as part of a blended learning package?
Padrão estomático de Capsicum ssp. resistentes e suscetíveis a Oidiopsis haplophylli
Authors: Lima Milton Luiz Paz , Lopes Carlos Alberto , Café Filho Adalberto Corrêa
Published: July 2010

Visando relacionar a reação de Capsicum spp. resistentes e suscetíveis à Oidiopsis haplophylli com o padrão dos respectivos complexos estomáticos, foram analisados em dois ensaios, 5 e 15 genótipos de Capsicum spp. em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Avaliou-se a abertura do ostíolo, a morfometria do estômato (comprimento, largura e área), o número de estômatos.mm-2 e a freqüência de estômatos (unidades de estômatos por células da epiderme) nas superfícies adaxial e abaxial da epiderme foliar de plantas cultivadas em casa-de-vegetação. A variável abertura ostiolar não explicou a reação dos genótipos ao oídio, nem na face adaxial (R²=0,16) nem na abaxial (R²=0,13). Entretanto, o número de estômatos.mm-2 explicou a reação ao oídio em 84 % (face adaxial) ou 74 % (face abaxial). Para a freqüência de estômatos, o modelo ajustou-se melhor na face adaxial (R² = 0,76), do que na face abaxial (R²=0,48). Maiores números e freqüências de estômatos em ambas as faces foliares ocorreram em pimentão 'Magali' (altamente suscetível), com valores significativamente maiores do que em 'HV-12' (altamente resistente). Sugere-se que a suscetibilidade de genótipos de Capsicum a O. haplophylli está parcialmente relacionada a mecanismos de defesa estruturais pré-formados, como o número e freqüência de estômatos, os quais se relacionam com o número de sítios de infecção. Por outro lado, para alguns genótipos, esta relação não foi significativa, indicando que outros mecanismos de resistência também estejam envolvidos.
Effect of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on in vitro survival of caprine preantral follicles
Authors: Araújo Valdevane R. , Silva Cleidson M. Gomes da , Magalhães Deborah M. , Silva Gerlane Modesto da , Báo Sônia N. , Silva José Roberto Viana , Figueiredo José Ricardo de , Rodrigues Ana Paula R.
Published: July 2010

This study was conducted in order to verify the effect of different concentrations of BMP-7 in the in vitro survival and development of caprine preantral follicles. Fragments of caprine ovarian cortical tissue were cultured for 1 or 7 days in Minimum Essential Medium (MEM+) supplemented with different concentrations of BMP-7 (1, 10, 50 or 100ng/ml). Non-cultured fragments or those cultured for 1 or 7 days were processed for classical histology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Parameters such as follicular survival, activation and growth were evaluated. The results showed that, after 1 or 7 days of culture, the percentage of morphologically normal follicles was significantly reduced in all treatments when compared with fresh control, except at 1ng/ml of BMP-7 for 1 day. In addition, the concentration of 10ng/ml of BMP-7 significantly increases follicular diameter from day 1 to 7 of culture. There was no influence of the other concentrations of BMP-7 regarding to the follicular and oocyte diameter. Ultrastructure studies confirmed follicular integrity after 7 days of culture in 1ng/ml BMP-7. In conclusion, small concentrations of BMP-7 can improve the survival and growth of caprine preantral follicles during in vitro culture.
Análise da sustentabilidade de uma política de avaliação: o caso da atenção básica no Brasil
Authors: Felisberto Eronildo , Freese Eduardo , Bezerra Luciana Caroline Albuquerque , Alves Cinthia Kalyne de Almeida , Samico Isabella
Published: July 2010

O estudo analisa a sustentabilidade da Política Nacional de Avaliação da Atenção Básica a partir da identificação e categorização dos eventos críticos representativos do processo de institucionalização. Pesquisa avaliativa com duas unidades de análise: Gestão Federal da Atenção Básica e Secretarias Estaduais de Saúde (SES). Estudo de casos múltiplos com dados coletados por meio de entrevistas e documentos institucionais, usando a técnica de Incidentes Críticos. Os eventos classificados temporalmente como específicos da implantação, da sustentabilidade e mistos, foram categorizados analiticamente como de memória, adaptação, valores e regras. A Gestão Federal e uma das SES resultaram no nível médio de sustentabilidade, a outra SES foi classificada no nível forte. Os resultados indicam concomitância dos eventos e sugerem uma ponderação, pois os de adaptação das atividades, adequação e estabilização dos recursos demonstraram forte influência sobre os outros. Inovações e Desenvolvimento da Capacidade Técnica são considerados os resultados mais importantes no sentido da sustentabilidade.
Características de acesso ao preventivo de câncer de colo do útero: três etapas metodológicas da adaptação do instrumento de coleta de informação
Authors: Nascimento Maria Isabel do , Monteiro Gina Torres Rego
Published: July 2010

O artigo descreve os passos iniciais da adaptação para o português de um instrumento para medir características de acesso focado no controle do câncer de colo do útero. Para avaliar a equivalência conceitual, a de itens e a semântica, adotou-se a abordagem universalista. Além da revisão bibliográfica, contou-se com a participação de especialistas e de mulheres representantes da população geral. A equivalência conceitual e de itens foi estabelecida com a participação de especialistas. A equivalência semântica evoluiu em cinco etapas. Foram feitas duas traduções para o português e duas retraduções para o inglês de modo independente, avaliadas por um terceiro pesquisador da área de saúde coletiva. Verificou-se que as retraduções guardavam boa similaridade referencial e conotativa com o original e se formulou uma versão consensual. Vinte e oito mulheres participaram do pré-teste, sendo oito no formato de grupo focal. A versão se mostrou compreensível, logrou algumas modificações e está apta às etapas complementares ao processo de adaptação transcultural.
Free access to hypertension and diabetes medicines among the elderly: a reality yet to be constructed
Authors: Paniz Vera Maria Vieira , Fassa Anaclaudia Gastal , Facchini Luiz Augusto , Piccini Roberto Xavier , Tomasi Elaine , Thumé Elaine , Silveira Denise Silva da , Rodrigues Maria Aparecida , Domingues Marlos Rodrigues , Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso
Published: July 2010

The study evaluated free access to hypertension and diabetes medicines and the reasons reported for lack of access. The sample included 4,003 elderly people living in Primary Care Unit coverage areas from 41 Southern and Northeastern Brazilian cities. Free access was higher in the Northeast (62.4%). The strategy of the Family Health Program (Programa Saúde da Família - PSF) was more effective in providing access than the traditional model, with higher results in the Northeast (61.2%) than in the South (39.6%). Around 20% of medicines included in the Hypertension and Diabetes Program and 26% of those included in the National Essential Medicines List (RENAME) were paid out of pocket. In the Northeast, 25% of insulin and 32% of oral antidiabetics were paid out of pocket. Unavailability in the public sector and a lack of money determined the lack of access. Although the PSF, Hypertension and Diabetes Program and RENAME expanded free access, supplies were insufficient. A greater connection between programs and a clear definition of responsibilities can improve medicine acquisition process, increasing the effectiveness of pharmaceutical assistance.
Uso da autópsia verbal na investigação de óbitos com causa mal definida em Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Campos Deise , França Elisabeth , Loschi Rosangela Helena , Souza Maria de Fátima Marinho de
Published: July 2010

As causas mal definidas de morte refletem problemas de acesso aos serviços de saúde e de qualidade da assistência médica, e indicam precariedade no registro de dados no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM). Selecionou-se uma amostra de municípios na Macrorregião Nordeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil, com o objetivo de investigar as mortes por causas mal definidas e os óbitos não notificados ao SIM em 2007, por meio do método da autópsia verbal. Esse método possibilitou esclarecer 87% das causas dos óbitos investigados, das quais 17% (n = 37) eram por causas violentas. Ao final do estudo, dentre os 779 investigados, 9,5% (n = 74) eram óbitos por causa externa encontrados fora do SIM. A distribuição por causas foi semelhante entre os óbitos notificados e não notificados ao SIM para as causas naturais, mas diferente quando incluídas as causas externas. Conclui-se que a investigação de óbitos com a metodologia da autópsia verbal pode ser um instrumento de grande valia para o aprimoramento do SIM no estado possibilitando o esclarecimento das causas de morte e também quanto à cobertura dos eventos.
Anos de chumbo ou anos de ouro?A memória social sobre o governo Médici
Authors: Cordeiro Janaina Martins
Published: July 2010

Este artigo discute a memória social sobre a ditadura civil-militar brasileira, em particular a memória sobre o governo do presidente Emilio Médici. A partir da discussão da metáfora dos anos de chumbo, bem como da recuperação do período pelo viés dos anos de ouro, pretende-se analisar a complexidade dos comportamentos sociais sob a ditadura, e discutir atitudes como a passividade e a indiferença, que, tanto quanto a colaboração ativa, contribuem para a construção do consenso em torno do regime. Ao mesmo tempo, a ideia é refletir sobre a construção da memória social sobre o período em articulação com o esquecimento e os silêncios.
Movimentos sociais na América Latina: elementos para uma abordagem comparada
Authors: Goirand Camille
Published: July 2010

A análise das mobilizações a partir da categoria "novos movimentos sociais", construída na Europa, continua sendo dominante na abordagem dos movimentos latino-americanos. Este artigo lembra, na sua primeira parte, as especificidades dos movimentos "de base" nascidos durante os anos 1970 na América Latina. Em seguida, mostra as diferenças entre os debates e as abordagens das mobilizações, de um continente para o outro. Quando, sobre a América Latina, se insistiu muito sobre os valores, as mudanças culturais e as identidades, nos Estados Unidos o enfoque foi para a análise das organizações, das estratégias e das práticas. A terceira parte do artigo mostra as consequências dessa divergência científica para a observação dos processos de institucionalização dos movimentos sociais, assim como para a análise da contestação na América Latina nos anos 2000.