bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, nature and trajectory of dysphagia postoesophageal cancer surgery: a prospective longitudinal study protocol
Authors: Hayes Michelle , Gillman Anna , Wright Brona , Dorgan Sean , Brennan Ian , Walshe Margaret , Donohoe Claire , Reynolds John V , Regan Julie
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Dysphagia is a common problem following oesophagectomy, and is associated with aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, weight loss, prolonged enteral feeding tube dependence, in addition to an extended in-hospital stay and compromised quality of life (QOL). To date, the prevalence, nature and trajectory of post-oesophagectomy dysphagia has not been systematically studied in a prospective longitudinal design. The study aims (1) to evaluate the prevalence, nature and trajectory of dysphagia for participants undergoing an oesophagectomy as part of curative treatment, (2) to determine the risk factors for, and post-operative complications of dysphagia in this population and (3) to examine the impact of oropharyngeal dysphagia on health-related QOL across time points.

Methods and analysis

A videofluoroscopy will be completed and analysed on both post-operative day (POD) 4 or 5 and at 6-months post-surgery. Other swallow evaluations will be completed preoperatively, POD 4 or 5, 1-month and 6-month time points will include a swallowing screening test, tongue pressure measurement, cough reflex testing and an oral hygiene evaluation. Nutritional measurements will include the Functional Oral Intake Scale to measure feeding tube reliance, Malnutrition Screening Tool and the Strength, Assistance With Walking, Rise From a Chair, Climb Stairs and Falls questionnaire. The Reflux Symptom Index will be administered to investigate aerodigestive symptoms commonly experienced by adults post-oesophagectomy. Swallowing-related QOL outcome measures will be determined using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-18, MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory and the Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been granted by the Tallaght University Hospital/St. James’ Hospital Research Ethics Committee (JREC), Dublin, Ireland (Ref. No. 2021-Jul-310). The study results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international scientific conferences.
Association of risk factors and breast cancer among women treated at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a case–control study
Authors: Hassen Fatuma , Enquselassie Fikre , Ali Ahmed , Addissie Adamu , Taye Girma , Tsegaye Aster , Assefa Mathewos
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Many factors known to increase the risk of breast cancer, such as age, family history, early menarche and late menopause are not modifiable. Modifiable factors include obesity, use of menopausal hormones and breast feeding. This study aimed to assess risk factors associated with breast cancer among women at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital.

Design

Facility based case–control study.

Methods

Case–control study was conducted from May 2018 to June 2019. A total of 230 cases and 230 controls participated in the study. Data were analysed using SPSS software. Multivariable logistic model based analysis was conducted to control the effect of potential confounding factors. ORs and 95% CI for the likelihood of developing breast cancer were calculated.

Results

The odds of breast cancer was higher among women between 40 and 49 years (adjusted OR (AOR): 3.29, 95% CI 1.39 to 7.77), and being unemployed (AOR: 4.28, 95% CI 2.00 to 9.16). Regarding life style risk factors, women consuming solid oil and using wood or animal dung as source of fuel had significantly higher odds of breast cancer. In addition, the odds of breast cancer was significantly higher among postmenopausal women, women who had previous benign surgery and women with early menarche (<12 years). On the other hand, the odd of breast cancer was significantly lower among women who had moderate physical activities.

Conclusion

This study showed that occupational status, consumption of solid oil, and using wood or animal dung as source of fuel, early menarche, menopausal status and previous benign breast surgery were associated with breast cancer. On the other hand, physical activity was protective factor. Therefore, there is a need to design appropriate intervention to educate women about life style change or behaviour modification to decrease their breast cancer risk.
Exploring factors influencing uptake and adherence to a home-based prehabilitation physical activity and exercise intervention for patients undergoing chemotherapy before major surgery (ChemoFit): a qualitative study
Authors: Cooper Matthew , Chmelo Jakub , Sinclair Rhona C F , Charman Sarah , Hallsworth Kate , Welford Jenny , Phillips Alexander W , Greystoke Alastair , Avery Leah
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Preoperative exercise training can improve cardiorespiratory fitness before major surgery. However, little is known about what influences participation and adherence in high-risk patient groups. We identified barriers and facilitators to uptake, engagement and adherence to a presurgical, home-based physical activity and exercise intervention called ChemoFit delivered during chemotherapy and before major oesophagogastric surgery.

Design

A qualitative study using focus group discussions and individual semi-structured interviews was conducted. All were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and data thematically analysed.

Setting

Northern Oesophagogastric Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust.

Participants

Patients with oesophagogastric cancer who participated in the ChemoFit intervention recruited between March 2020 and January 2021.

Intervention

A home-based physical activity and exercise intervention involving cardiovasular and strength exercise using resistance bands and pedometers to monitor step count. Weekly telephone calls provided feedback, support and positive reinforcement.

Results

Twenty-two participants (18 men, 4 women; aged 67±8 years old) took part in a focus group discussion (n=17) or a semi-structured interview (n=5). Fifteen themes were identified from the data generated. Participants reported that the intervention was physically and mentally beneficial, and data highlighted features of the intervention that influenced uptake and adherence. An opportunity to increase the likelihood of surviving the pending operation was reported by participants as the most salient factor to engagement, and using the intervention as a distraction from illness and taking steps to positively influence the situation were the most salient factors to adherence.

Conclusions

Uptake to the ChemoFit intervention was encouraged by provision of information that participation could reduce surgical risk and that participants could play an active role in risk reduction. Adherence was facilitated by the intervention being considered a positive distraction and participants being able to do something that could ultimately provide benefit. While participants reported difficulties and avoidance with some of the exercises recommended, understanding the importance of physical activity and exercise as part of their treatment regimen led to individual adaptations to intervention components to reach individual goals.

Trial registration number

NCT04194463
Three birds with one stone: a protocol for a randomised intervention study to increase participation in cervical and colorectal cancer screening among women attending breast cancer screening
Authors: Helgestad Anne Dorte Lerche , Larsen Mette Bach , Njor Sisse , Tranberg Mette , Petersen Lone Kjeld , Andersen Berit
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The participation rate is higher in breast cancer screening than in cervical cancer (CCU) and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. In this cluster-randomised study, we aim to evaluate an intervention offering home-based CCU and CRC screening to women when attending breast cancer screening if they are overdue for CCU and/or CRC screening.

Methods and analysis

On intervention days, one of the five breast cancer screening units in the Central Denmark Region will be randomly allocated to intervention, whereas the remaining units will serve as control. Women attending breast cancer screening in the intervention unit will be offered information regarding their CCU and CRC screening history, and, if overdue, they will be offered self-sampling screening kits. For CCU screening, women aged 50–64 years will be offered a vaginal self-sampling kit for human papillomavirus testing. For CRC screening, women aged 50–69 years will be offered a kit to obtain a faecal immunochemical test. Women attending the control units will receive only standard care.

After the intervention, a survey will be sent to all women in the intervention and control group, asking about their experience while attending breast cancer screening.

Primary outcomes will be difference in the coverage in CCU and CRC screening 6 months after intervention between the intervention and the control group, and difference in participation rates 6 months after intervention for those who were overdue for CCU and/or CRC screening at the time of the intervention.

Ethics and dissemination

The project is listed in the record of processing activities for research projects in the Central Denmark Region (R. No.: 1-16-02-217-21). According to the Danish Consolidation Act on Research Ethics Review of Health Research Project, this study was not notifiable to the Committee (R. No.: 1-10-72-1-21). The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed scientific journals.

Trial registration number

NCT05022511.
Effects of a home-based Radio-Taiso exercise programme on health-related quality of life in older adults with frailty: protocol for an assessor-blind randomised controlled trial
Authors: Osuka Yosuke , Kojima Narumi , Sugie Masamitsu , Omura Takuya , Motokawa Keiko , Ueda Takuya , Maruo Kazushi , Ono Risa , Aoyama Toshihiko , Inoue Shigeru , Kim Hunkyung , Sasai Hiroyuki
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Few clinical trials have examined the effects of home-based exercise programmes on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in older adults with frailty. Radio-Taiso is the most famous exercise programme in Japan. A home-based Radio-Taiso exercise programme may serve as an accessible, scalable and sustainable care intervention for older adults with frailty. The primary aim of this trial is to test whether older adults with frailty who are prescribed our home-based Radio-Taiso exercise programme will receive greater benefits for HR-QoL compared with those who are not prescribed the exercise programme. Potential mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of the programme and the effects of the programme on daily lifestyle will also be investigated.

Methods and analysis

This assessor-blind randomised controlled trial will be conducted at the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) in Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan. From April to May 2022, 226 older adults with prefrailty or frailty according to the revised Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria will be included from a large database. After a baseline assessment in June 2022, participants will be randomly assigned to the intervention (home-based Radio-Taiso exercise and nutrition programme) or control (nutrition programme) groups at a 1:1 ratio. After intervention completion, a follow-up assessment will be conducted in September 2022. The primary outcome is the change in the mental domain of HR-QoL assessed using SF-36. Secondary outcomes include physical and role/social domains and subscales of HR-QoL, frailty phenotype, physical fitness, posture, cognition, exercise self-efficacy, depressive symptoms, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, social network, habitual energy intake, physical activity and sleep conditions.

Ethics and dissemination

The Research Ethics Committee of TMIG has approved the research protocol. This trial will be conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The findings will be presented at international academic conferences and published in peer-reviewed international journals.

Trial registration number

UMIN000047229.
Impact of having a child on physical activity in the UK: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Northcote Matthew , Foster Charlie , Pulsford Richard , Spotswood Fiona
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Throughout the life course, there are major life transitions that are associated with reduced physical activity, which may have further implications for health and well-being. Having a child is one such transition that has been identified as a critical transformative experience and window for intervention. We will conduct a scoping review of available evidence exploring the impact of having a child on physical activity in the UK.

Methods and analysis

We will use best-practice methodological frameworks to map key concepts and available evidence, summarise and disseminate findings to stakeholders, and identify knowledge gaps. A three-step search strategy will identify primary research studies, including reviews, from published and grey literature, exploring the impact of having a child on physical activity in the UK, from the preconception period, throughout pregnancy, the postpartum period, and into parenthood. An initial limited search will identify relevant reviews, from which keywords and index terms will be extracted. We will conduct searches of CINAHL, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science to identify relevant articles written in English from inception to February 2022. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts of identified studies for inclusion and chart data, with a third reviewer resolving any conflicts. Backwards citation tracking will identify any additional studies. We will conduct numerical and thematic analysis to map data in tabular and diagrammatic format and provide a description of findings by theme.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required for this scoping review. We will disseminate findings to stakeholders through publications, conferences, social media platforms and in-person communications. Consultations with key stakeholders, with their unique expertise and perspectives, will provide greater insight. We will establish the main priorities for future research to inform the research questions of subsequent studies.

Scoping review registration

Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/gtqa4/) DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/GTQA4.
Cross-sectional questionnaire study of the experiences of community pharmacists in Northern Ireland during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic: preparation, experience and response
Authors: Patterson Susan M , Cadogan Cathal , Barry Heather E , Bennett Kathleen E , Hughes Carmel
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To examine the views and experiences of community pharmacists in Northern Ireland (NI) regarding changes in community pharmacy practice/processes in preparation for, and response to, the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design

Cross-sectional telephone-administered questionnaire.

Setting and participants

Geographically stratified representative sample of 130 community pharmacists in NI between March and May 2021.

Outcome measures

Community pharmacists’ responses to questions focusing on their preparation, experience and response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive analysis was conducted including frequencies and percentages. Free-text comments were summarised using thematic analysis.

Results

One hundred and thirty pharmacists completed the questionnaire. Pharmacists responded comprehensively to implementing infection control measures, for example, management of social distancing in the shop (96.2%), making adjustments to premises, for example, barriers/screens (95.4%), while maintaining medicines supply (100.0%) and advice to patients (93.1%). Newly commissioned services were provided, for example, emergency supply service (93.1%), influenza vaccination for healthcare workers (77.7%) and volunteer deliveries to vulnerable people (54.6%). Pharmacists were least prepared for the increased workload and patients’ challenging behaviour, but the majority (96.9%) reported that they felt better prepared during the second wave. Pharmacists agreed/strongly agreed that they would be able to re-establish normal services (87.7%), were willing to administer COVID-19 vaccines (80.7%) and provide COVID-19 testing (60.8%) in the future.

Conclusions

Community pharmacists remained accessible and maintained supply of essential medicines and advice to patients throughout the pandemic. Provision of modified and additional services such as vaccination reinforced the clinical and public health role of pharmacy
Myocardial infarction and stroke subsequent to urinary tract infection (MISSOURI): protocol for a self-controlled case series using linked electronic health records
Authors: Reeve Nicola F , Best Victoria , Gillespie David , Hughes Kathryn , Lugg-Widger Fiona V , Cannings-John Rebecca , Torabi Fatemeh , Wootton Mandy , Akbari Ashley , Ahmed Haroon
Published: September 2022

Introduction

There is increasing interest in the relationship between acute infections and acute cardiovascular events. Most previous research has focused on understanding whether the risk of acute cardiovascular events increases following a respiratory tract infection. The relationship between urinary tract infections (UTIs) and acute cardiovascular events is less well studied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine whether there is a causal relationship between UTI and acute myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke.

Methods and analysis

We will undertake a self-controlled case series study using linked anonymised general practice, hospital admission and microbiology data held within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. Self-controlled case series is a relatively novel study design where individuals act as their own controls, thereby inherently controlling for time-invariant confounders. Only individuals who experience an exposure and outcome of interest are included.

We will identify individuals in the SAIL Databank who have a hospital admission record for acute MI or stroke during the study period of 2010–2020. Individuals will need to be aged 30–100 during the study period and be Welsh residents for inclusion. UTI will be identified using general practice, microbiology and hospital admissions data. We will calculate the incidence of MI and stroke in predefined risk periods following an UTI and in ‘baseline’ periods (without UTI exposure) and use conditional Poisson regression models to derive incidence rate ratios.

Ethics and dissemination

Data access, research permissions and approvals have been obtained from the SAIL independent Information Governance Review Panel, project number 0972. Findings will be disseminated through conferences, blogs, social media threads and peer-reviewed journals. Results will be of interest internationally to primary and secondary care clinicians who manage UTIs and may inform future clinical trials of preventative therapy.
Mindfulness for internet use disorder: a study protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fendel Johannes Caspar , Schmidt Stefan
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Internet use disorder (IUD) is on the rise and is associated with detrimental health consequences. Growing evidence suggests that mindfulness—either as a trait or cultivated in mindfulness-based programmes (MBPs)—is promising in preventing and treating IUD. With this systematic review and meta-analysis, we will examine (1) the association between trait mindfulness (TM) and IUD and (2) the effectiveness of MBPs in reducing IUD.

Methods and analysis

In October 2022, we will screen Medline, PsycINFO, PSYINDEX, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials without language or publication date restrictions. We will conduct backward and forward citation searches of included studies and relevant reviews. We will include studies that evaluate either (1) the association between TM and IUD or (2) the effectiveness of MBPs in reducing IUD. Two reviewers will independently screen records, select and extract data, and rate the risk of bias. In total, we will conduct three meta-analyses: a first meta-analysis will be on the correlation between TM and IUD, a second meta-analysis will be on between-group data examining the effectiveness of MBPs in reducing IUD in randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and a third meta-analysis will be on within-group pre-postdata examining the effectiveness of MBPs in reducing IUD in all kinds of intervention studies. For the second and third meta-analyses, the primary outcome will be changes in IUD. We will explore moderators and sources of between-study heterogeneity and pursue a narrative synthesis of results. We will use the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system to assess the overall quality of evidence across intervention studies.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval is not required. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at (inter)national conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022350071.
Neuromorphological and behavioural effects of early developmental exposure to alarm cue on captive-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Mokdad A.I. , Elsheikh M. , Sulja O.M. , Pitcher T.E.
Published: September 2022

Behavioural plasticity plays an important role in an organism's ability to adapt to captive settings, but a lack of perceived predation risk during early development in captivity can lead to diminished anti-predator behaviours. Here, we used Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) to test whether early developmental exposure to alarm cues (pre-exposure) led to (1) a developmentally plastic response to alarm cue in yearling and (2) an observable change in neural investment. We exposed fry to either a conspecific alarm cue (pre-exposed fish) or control water (non-exposed fish) and measured activity related to anti-predator behaviour such as time spent motionless, number of aggressive acts, and time spent associated with shelter. We found no indication of a developmentally plastic response to early alarm cue exposure, but we found that pre-exposed fish developed relatively smaller olfactory bulbs compared to non-exposed fish. Our results demonstrate the importance of and ability to exploit plastic responses in captive-reared Atlantic salmon and highlight the need to link behaviour with neuromorphological changes.
The generalized peakon solution for the rotation-two-component Camassa–Holm system
Authors: Jiang Zhenwei , Yuen Manwai , Zhang Lijun
Published: September 2022

This paper is concerned with the rotation-two-component Camassa–Holm (R2CH) system, which is a model for equatorial water waves under the influence of the Coriolis force. The system includes the Dullin–Gottwald–Holm equation, the standard two-component integrable Camassa–Holm (CH) system and the CH equation as special cases. We aim to explore whether the R2CH system admits some generalized peakon weak solutions in the sense of distribution. The exact weak solutions in a particular form are derived by the ansatz method and they are proven to be the generalized peakon weak solutions. These solutions may help to explain the wave-breaking phenomenon in the wave motion to some extent. The method proposed in this paper is effective, which might be applied to study other nonlinear wave equations directly and even to be extend to search for fractal solitary wave.
Magnetized squeezing nanofluid flow with viscous heating and Robin boundary conditions: A Buongiorno nanofluid model
Authors: Lashin Maha M. A. , Yassen Mansour F. , Umavathi J. C. , Mahesh Kudrikar , Singh Harjot , Prakasha D G
Published: September 2022

The flow of fluid that occurs when two parallel disks are squeezed together has applications in compression, the processing of polymers, the production of plastics, injection modeling, and lubrication systems. In this paper, the unsteady squeezing flow and heat transport of nanoliquid that is subjected to convective thermal boundary conditions and viscous heating have been studied numerically. This study was inspired by the exploration of the thermophysical properties of magnetic nanoparticles in squeezing tribology. The flow between two horizontal parallel disks is accounted for where the upper disk is non-static when the lower disk is fixed. The powerful Runge–Kutta method-based shooting scheme is utilized to solve the assumed problem. The influence of pertinent key parameters on involved fields is visualized graphically and scrutinized. It is exhibited that the haphazard motion of NPs contributes highly to the enhancement of thermal and concentration fields. Also, the Robin boundary conditions affect flow fields significantly. Intensifying the Brownian motion effect enhances NPs’ concentration. Radial velocity is damped in the core region with stronger magnetic field. The mass transport rate is diminished, and the heat transmission rate is enhanced. The computations are relevant to smart nano-tribological systems in mechanical and aerospace engineering.
New interaction of high-order breather, periodic-wave, lump, rational soliton solutions and mixed solutions for the Hirota–Maccari system
Authors: Xia Pei , Zhang Yi , Zhang Heyan , Zhuang Yindong
Published: September 2022

The higher-order breather, periodic-wave, lump, rational soliton solutions and mixed solutions of the Hirota–Maccari (HM) system by virtue of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy reduction method are investigated in this work. Through analyzing the structural characteristics of periodic-wave solutions, we attain the quasi-periodic W(M)-shaped waves and two kinds of breathers. The mixed solutions that consist of the quasi-periodic W(M)-shaped waves and breathers are constructed. Further, by taking the long wave limit on the periodic-wave solutions, the semi-rational solutions are derived, which illustrate the interaction of the rational soliton, lump, quasi-periodic wave and breather. Characteristics of these mixed solutions are discussed graphically and the corresponding generating conditions are given. Especially, a new bound-state interaction composed of lump and breather is generated under the velocity resonance mechanism. This newfangled pattern is a beautiful phenomenon for the HM system.
Computer Vision-Based Cashew Nuts Grading System Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Sivaranjani A. , Senthilrani S.
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a computer vision-based cashew nut grading system has been designed and implemented for classifying different grades of cashew nuts using combined features and machine learning approaches. The important task in the cashew nut grading system is to classify the whole and split down cashew nuts. Since these cashew nuts look very similar from the top view, it is a challenging task to classify the whole cashew nut and split down cashew nuts. Hence, a single-view image of cashew nut has been captured by placing a camera with a distance of 17[Formula: see text]cm (from the right side of the conveyor belt). The captured red, blue and green images are normalized and converted into hue, saturation and value color space. S channel from HSV image is used for segmentation process using Otsu threshold technique. The total numbers of features extracted are 275 and the features are texture (180), color (90), and shape (5). The constrained optimization-based feature selection method is used and 30 features are selected for further process. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is used for the classification, and the results obtained from different kernel functions are computed and compared. The 8-layer convolutional neural network (CNN) has been developed in this work for classification and to analyze the performance and accuracy. The accuracy of different machine learning classifiers like SVM 1-1, SVM 1-All and CNN model is also evaluated and compared. The overall accuracy obtained by SVM 1-All with kernel function radial basis for classification is 98.93%.
The Influence of Discharge Mode on Morphology of Al–Ni Nanoparticles Prepared by Underwater Electrical Wire Explosion
Authors: Xu Cong , Liu Zhigang , Zou Xiaobing , Wang Xinxin
Published: September 2022

We report the results of experiments investigating the influence of discharge mode on morphology of Al–Ni bimetallic nanoparticles prepared by underwater electrical explosion (UEE) of intertwined Al/Ni wire. The experiments were conducted using a pulsed power generator with the stored energy of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]J (underheat mode) and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]J (overheat mode), delivering to the intertwined Al/Ni wire a [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kA current rising during [Formula: see text]s. By analyzing electrical signals, we conclude that there exists a competitive process between Al wire and Ni wire, and the latter always lags behind the former in various stages, duo to the difference of electrical resistivity. Using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), the morphology and element composition of nanopowders obtained at underheat mode and overheat mode were studied. The results reveal that core-shell structured Al–Ni nanoparticles can be easily obtained at underheat mode, due to the mismatched specific surface energy and matching lattice type between aluminum and nickel. Besides, the Al–Ni powder prepared by underwater electrical wire explosion (UEWE) has a smaller particle size (less than 100[Formula: see text]nm) and more consistent particle size distribution compared with traditional preparation methods. These results show that UEWE is very attractive for the preparation of Al–Ni nanopowders, which is helpful in improving the specific surface area of Raney–Ni catalyst.
Ranked Document Retrieval in External Memory
Authors: Shah Rahul , Sheng Cheng , Thankachan Sharma , Vitter Jeffrey
Published: September 2022

The ranked (or top-
k
) document retrieval problem is defined as follows: preprocess a collection

{T
1
,T
2
,… ,T
d
}

of
d
strings (called documents) of total length
n
into a data structure, such that for any given query
(P,k)
, where
P
is a string (called pattern) of length
p ≥ 1
and
k ∈ [1,d]
is an integer, the identifiers of those
k
documents that are most relevant to
P
can be reported, ideally in the sorted order of their relevance. The seminal work by Hon et al. [FOCS 2009 and Journal of the ACM 2014] presented an
O(n)
-space (in words) data structure with
O(p+k
log
k)
query time. The query time was later improved to
O(p+k)
[SODA 2012] and further to
O(p/
log

σn+k
)

[SIAM Journal on Computing 2017] by Navarro and Nekrich, where
σ
is the alphabet size. We revisit this problem in the external memory model and present three data structures. The first one takes
O(n)
-space and answer queries in
O(p/B
+ log

B
n + k/B+

log
*
(n/B)
) I/Os, where
B
is the block size. The second one takes
O(n
log
*
(n/B)
) space and answer queries in optimal
O(p/B
+ log

B
n + k/B)

I/Os. In both cases, the answers are reported in the unsorted order of relevance. To handle sorted top-
k
document retrieval, we present an
O(n
log
(d/B))
space data structure with optimal query cost.
Ionic Conductivity and Dielectric Relaxations in Li+ Ions Doped Zinc Borate Glass System
Authors: Kolavekar Sangeeta B. , Ayachit N. H.
Published: September 2022

The main objective of this work is to study the role of Li+ ions in the ionic conduction of the zinc borate glass system. In this paper, ionic conduction and dielectric relaxations of (30-x) Li2O-xLi2SO4−50B2O3−20ZnO (where x = 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 mole%) glass system, coded as LLBZ1, LLBZ2, LLBZ3, and LLBZ4, have been discussed. We have performed ionic conductivity measurements in the frequency and temperature range of 40 Hz to 10 MHz and 443 K–500 K, respectively. Increase in conductivity is mainly due to the rise in the temperature, which leads to thermal activation and helps the mobile modifier ions to migrate easily by crossing the barrier. Further, studied dielectric relaxation using the scaling behavior in terms of stretched exponent (β). Dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) shows inverse behavior with increasing frequency rates.
A novel geometric method for determining the time constant for oxygen uptake kinetics
Authors: Cooper Christopher B. , Garfinkel Alan
Published: September 2022

We present a novel geometric method for deriving the τV̇o2 of oxygen uptake kinetics. This method uses analysis of the slopes and intercepts of a plot of cumulative V̇o2 versus time and does not require multiple repetitions of the exercise protocol but still gives accurate estimates of τV̇o2.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone analog as a stable upper airway-preferring respiratory stimulant with arousal properties
Authors: Liu Wen-Ying , Ladha Raina , Liu Hattie , Horner Richard L.
Published: September 2022

One of the major goals for translational sleep science and medicine is to identify viable and tractable pharmacological targets for obstructive sleep apnea and other respiratory disorders of sleep or sedation. In the present preclinical study in rats, we performed a randomized, within-subject, repeated-measures design over six intervention study days in chronically instrumented male and female rats with systemic peripheral administration of vehicle controls, the thyrotropin-releasing hormone analog taltirelin at two doses, all with and without coadministered trazodone. Trazodone was included due to clinical interest in the context of sleep apnea pharmacotherapy as it can suppress arousal without compromising pharyngeal muscle activity. These preclinical findings newly identify taltirelin as a stable upper airway-preferring respiratory stimulant with arousal properties. These traits have potential favorable relevance to some respiratory disorders but not others, as identified and discussed.
Neonatal intermittent hypoxia persistently impairs lung vascular development and induces long-term lung mitochondrial DNA damage
Authors: Damianos Andreas , Kulandavelu Shathiyah , Chen Pingping , Nwajei Patrick , Batlahally Sunil , Sharma Mayank , Alvarez-Cubela Silvia , Dominguez-Bendala Juan , Zambrano Ronald , Huang Jian , Hare Joshua M. , Schmidt Augusto , Wu Shu , Benny Merline , Claure Nelson , Young Karen
Published: September 2022

Our current study demonstrates that neonatal intermittent hypoxia (IH) alters lung endothelial cell function, induces mitochondrial DNA lesions, and impairs lung vascular growth into adulthood. Moreover, when superimposed on hyperoxia, neonatal IH induces a severe lung vascular phenotype that is seen in preterm infants with PH. These findings suggest that neonatal IH contributes to PH in adults born preterm and importantly, that mitochondrial protection strategies may mitigate these deleterious effects.
A Multiobjective Optimization Model for a Dynamic and Sustainable Cellular Manufacturing System under Uncertainty
Authors: Jafarzadeh Javad , Amoozad Khalili Hossein , Shoja Naghi
Published: September 2022

For many years, cellular manufacturing has been implemented by owners of manufacturing units. Furthermore, the increasing importance of sustainable development has led manufacturers and managers to consider the concepts of sustainable manufacturing. Sustainable manufacturing includes three components: economic, environmental, and social responsibility. Many research and studies have been conducted in the field of cellular manufacturing, and also in most studies, only the economic component or at most two components of sustainable manufacturing have been taken into account. With increasing concerns about global warming, environmental issues have become particularly important in the production of products and goods. On the other hand, customer satisfaction as one of the aspects of social responsibility is of significant importance. In this research, we put the sustainable manufacturing system in the dynamic cellular manufacturing system under uncertainty (fuzzy parameters). A multiobjective sustainable mathematical model with objective functions of minimizing costs minimizing CO2 emissions and minimizing product shortages (customer satisfaction) was proposed. In order to confirm the validity and accuracy of the proposed model, a small example was solved in GAMS software with CPLEX solver and epsilon constraint method, and its basic variables were investigated. Then, due to the high complexity of the proposed cellular manufacturing model, two meta-heuristic algorithms NSGA-II and MOGWO were used to solve larger problems in MATLAB software. To compare the performance of the two proposed algorithms, ten problems with different dimensions were designed and then the two algorithms were compared with each other based on several performance evaluation indicators. Also, in order to investigate the significance of the difference between the two algorithms based on each index, a statistical analysis was carried out by Minitab software. Taguchi method was also used to adjust the parameters of both algorithms. Based on the analytic results and statistical analysis, the MOGWO algorithm performed better than NSGA-II algorithm and the exact solution method, GAMS software.
FAM171B as a Novel Biomarker Mediates Tissue Immune Microenvironment in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Qu Lai-Hao , Luo Wen-Juan , Yan Zhi-Guo , Liu Wen-Pan
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to uncover potential diagnostic indicators of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), evaluate the function of immune cells in the pathogenesis of the disease, and find innovative treatment targets and medicines with the potential to enhance prognosis. Gene Expression Omnibus was utilized to acquire the PAH datasets. We recognized differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and investigated their functions utilizing R software. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operators, and support vector machines were used to identify biomarkers. The extent of immune cell infiltration in the normal and PAH tissues was determined using CIBERSORT. Additionally, the association between diagnostic markers and immune cells was analyzed. In this study, 258DEGs were used to analyze the disease ontology. Most DEGs were linked with atherosclerosis, arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and lung disease, including obstructive lung disease. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that compared to normal samples, results from PAH patients were mostly associated with ECM-receptor interaction, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, the Wnt signaling pathway, and focal adhesion. FAM171B was identified as a biomarker for PAH (

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0.873

). The mechanism underlying PAH may be mediated by nave CD4 T cells, resting memory CD4 T cells, resting NK cells, monocytes, activated dendritic cells, resting mast cells, and neutrophils, according to an investigation of immune cell infiltration. FAM171B expression was also associated with resting mast cells, monocytes, and CD8 T cells. The results suggest that PAH may be closely related to FAM171B with high diagnostic performance and associated with immune cell infiltration, suggesting that FAM171B may promote the progression of PAH by stimulating immune infiltration and immune response. This study provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of PAH.
A Study of Intelligent Paper Grouping Model for Adult Higher Education Based on Random Matrix
Authors: Wang Yan
Published: September 2022

This paper presents a comprehensive study and analysis of the intelligent grouping of papers in adult higher education using a random matrix approach. Using the results of random matrix theory on the eigenvalues of the sample covariance matrix, the energy of each subspace is estimated, and the estimated energy is then used to construct a subspace weighting matrix. The statistical properties of the sample covariance matrix eigenvectors are analyzed using the first-order perturbation approximation, and then, asymptotic results from random matrix theory on the projection of the sample covariance matrix signal subspace to the real signal parametrization are used to obtain the weighting matrix based on the random matrix eigenvectors. Dynamic adjustment according to the fitness of individuals in the population is performed to ensure population diversity, while the combination of the small habitat technique can avoid the algorithm from falling into early convergence. The algorithm introduces chaos theory to optimize the population initialization process and uses the dynamic traversal randomness of chaos to select individuals in the population so that the initial population is close to the desired target solution. The design of the fitness function in the genetic algorithm generally maps the objective function of the problem to the fitness function. A good fitness function can directly reflect the quality of the individuals in the group. Based on the in-depth study of the basic attributes of the test questions and the principles of test paper evaluation, the mathematical model and objective function of intelligent paper grouping are determined by the difficulty, knowledge points, and cognitive level of the test questions as the main constraints, and NCAGA is applied to the intelligent paper grouping method, which better completes the intelligent paper grouping session for the computer system architecture course. In the process of designing the intelligent grouping algorithm, for the situations of premature convergence and convergence to locally optimal solutions that easily occur in the traditional genetic algorithm, this paper adopts the approach of adaptive adjustment of crossover probability and variation probability to improve the algorithm and achieves satisfactory results. Based on extensive business research, this paper completes the requirement analysis of the online practice system based on the intelligent grouping of papers and presents the functional design and database design of the key functional modules in the system in detail. Finally, this paper conducts functional tests on the system and analyses the test results.
KLK6 Functions as an Oncogene and Unfavorable Prognostic Factor in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Kaidong , Gao Ming , Lin Min
Published: September 2022

Background. Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) has been substantiated as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic molecular in several cancer types. In our study, we attempt to explore the biological functions of KLK6 in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA). Methods. KLK6 gene expression prognostic, gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and immune infiltration were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In vitro and in vivo experimental measurements, including CCK8, transwell migration, TUNEL, and nude mouse transplanted tumor model, were used to evaluate the antineoplastic activities of KLK6 loss-of-function. Results. The combination of bioinformatics analyses and experimental measurements demonstrate that KLK6 expression is aberrantly upregulated in human specimens and cell lines of BLCA. GO and GSEA enrichment analyses exhibited that KLK6 is implicated in the inflammatory response and immune infiltration, suggesting that upregulation of KLK6 may be associated with the progression of BLCA. Knockdown of KLK6 is able to inhibit the growth and migration and trigger apoptosis of RT4 and T24 cells. Moreover, the TCGA database indicates that KLK6 high expression in BLCA patients showed a poorer prognosis than those patients with KLK6 low expression. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses suggest KLK6 as an independent prognostic factor to predict unfavorable OS in patients with BLCA. Conclusion. KLK6 is an independent prognostic factor and an antitumor target of BLCA. KLK6 expression positively correlates with several immune cells infiltration, indicating that inhibition of KLK6 may contribute to immunotherapy of BLCA.
Evaluation of Political Classroom Teaching Quality in Universities Based on DA-BP Algorithm
Authors: Guan Hui , Zhu Dongxiang
Published: September 2022

In order to improve the evaluation accuracy of political classroom teaching quality in universities, a DA-BP-based evaluation method of political classroom teaching quality in universities is proposed. First of all, in constructing the teaching quality evaluation system of university political courses using the framework of behavior theory, the system consists of 4 primary indicators and 15 secondary indicators. Second, the university’s 2008–2013 annual teaching quality assessment scores for the teaching quality of political courses were used as the input data of the DA-BP network, and the 2013–2016 teaching evaluation scores were used as the algorithm’s test data. In order to test the prediction accuracy of the DA-BP algorithm, it is compared with the GA-BP algorithm, PSO-BP algorithm, and BP algorithm. The research results show that DA-BP has higher prediction accuracy than other algorithms and can better evaluate the teaching quality of political courses.
A Study on Some Probability Problems in Proverb Situations
Authors: Zhao Xuanze , Zhou Xiaohui
Published: September 2022

From the perspective of probability theory, this study makes a mathematical model of the proverbs themselves or the background stories reflected by them, carries out experiments and analyses, fully excavating the philosophical, scientific, and cultural connotations contained in the proverbs, and reveals the relationship between “mathematics,” “philosophy,” and “culture.” With the interpretation of probability theory, common sayings show their charm in traditional culture, and the application of probability theory has also been expanded and extended. In this paper, the problems reflected in the proverbs, such as “slanders three to, the mother does not love,” “In repentance, there is salvation., “Three cobblers with their wits combined exceed the mastermind of Zhuge Liang.,“ and “Gain the initiative by preemptive strike, otherwise you will be very passive.” are mathematically and modelically analyzed and tested from the perspective of probability theory and the philosophical culture, and scientific thought behind the proverbs are expounded. “One who sticks to his folly and does nothing to stand by a tree stump waiting for a hare,” “dripping water wears through a stone,” and “iron pestle grinds a needle” are a group of common sayings, which directly reflect the principle of small probability events and its two sides through the story behind them.
An Overview of Status and Development Trend of Aquaculture and Fisheries in Nepal
Authors: Dhakal Alok , Pandey Meena , Kayastha Preeti , Suwal Gresha , Suwal Binita
Published: September 2022

Although Nepal is a landlocked country, it has abundant water resources that enhance its potential for fisheries and aquaculture activities. But, only a few percentages of the total water resources have been utilized properly. Despite a satisfactory growth in pond fish production over the last 15 years with 73,693 Mt. of fish produced in the fiscal year 2020/21, there has not been much significant advancement in the fisheries sector as expected. Some of the major challenges encountered by farmers are lack of technical knowledge, lack of capital, scarcity of good quality fingerlings, quality feed, diseases, and lack of good market infrastructure. We recommend government authorities to address the problems as aquaculture and fisheries are important sectors that contribute to nutrition for rural people and employment opportunities for many individuals.