bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Personalizing Online Trading Without Spoiling Its Intrinsic Advantages
Authors: Sheu Myron , Shen Stewart
Published: February 2016

Although access to the Internet has become more efficient than before, investors seem still shy away from taking advantage of online trading. Early research indicates that one main reason for the setback is the impersonality of online trading. Brokerage firms and researchers have investigated various kinds of decision support that mimic offline brokerage services, but the lack of timeliness and simplicity of such support may have just ruined the purpose of online trading. To cope with the situation, we have investigated a heuristic model for representing financial securities such that inexperienced investors can naturally perceive personalized guidance for their investment decisions. In addition to a description of our model, this paper also discusses the reasoning schema behind the model and proposes the methods for constructing the model. In contrast to other approaches, our model is aimed to provide personalized decision support without spoiling the intrinsic advantages of online trading.
Social Security: Personal Investment Accounts (PIAS)
Authors: Ekmekjian Elizabeth C. , Haroian Berch , Snyder Tricia
Published: February 2016

Today, the Social Security payroll tax is the largest tax that the average American family pays.  Social Security is also the largest government program in the United States, with almost half of all government receipts going to pay for Social Security. Concerns about the long-term solvency of Social Security have produced numerous options for Social security reform.  Among the more interesting proposals was that made by President Bush that would allow individuals to manager their own private investment accounts (PIAs).  In this paper, we examine the potential effects of PIAs be ones age and gender.  We also examine the tax consequences of the proposed PIAs and other potential concerns of PIAs.   
Profitability And Capital Structure Of Amex And Nyse Firms
Authors: Fosberg Richard H. , Ghosh Arvin
Published: February 2016

In this study, we found that NYSE and AMEX firms have somewhat different capital structures.  NYSE firms generally use 5% to 8% more debt financing in their capital structures than AMEX firms.  It was also found that the amount of debt in the capital structures of AMEX firms declined somewhat between 1985 and 2003 but remained relatively stable for NYSE firms.  Also, NYSE firms were found to exhibit a strong inverse relationship between firm profitability and the amount on debt in the firm’s capital structure.  This result is generally consistent with Myers and Majluf’s “asymmetric information theory” of capital structure.  No relationship was found between profitability and capital structure for AMEX firms.  Comparison of these results to similar calculations found in Fosberg and Ghosh (2005) for NASDAQ firms shows that, like AMEX firms, NASDAQ firms use less debt in their capital structures than NYSE firms and exhibit no relationship between profitability and capital structure.  Consequently, because these anomalies exist for both AMEX and NASDAQ firms, these two anomalies can not be an exchange listing effect.
Absorption Policies For South-South Migration
Authors: Andreopoulos George , Andreopoulos Giuliana Campanelli , Panayides Alexandros
Published: February 2016

The South-South migration has increased enormously over the past forty years and its effects on the level of economic development and security for the host and neighboring states can be extremely problematic. Paradoxically the vast part of the literature on international migration still focuses on the South-North migration, leaving aside the South-South one and its implications. The scope of this paper is to analyze the effects of South-South migration on a country at low level of development and explore policies geared towards the absorption/integration of migrant workers.
Exploration Of The Relationship Between LMX And Demographic Variables
Authors: Green Connie B. , Craven Annette E. , Scott Jeannie , Gonzales Lorena G.
Published: February 2016

This study of 143 participants from an international company examined the relationship between LMX and demographic variables. LMX results represent the quality of the dyadic relationship between leader and follower. Demographic variables included age, gender, education and organizational tenure. Study results suggest significant findings between education and LMX results at the follower level.
Integrating Pricing And Distribution Decisions In Multiple Markets
Authors: Gnanendran Kingsley , Chien Ying
Published: February 2016

This paper deals with the simultaneous optimization of prices and shipment quantities in a supply network when the supplier has the market power to set prices, thereby influencing demand directly.  We focus on the distribution stage of the supply chain where the firm’s products are shipped from several  locations (plants, warehouses) to various independent markets, and address the following questions: (i) what is the best price at each market?, and (ii) what is the best distribution plan given these prices?   The combined problem can be modeled as a nonlinear optimization problem.  For its solution, we propose an iterative linear programming approach that utilizes shadow price information from a series of successive transportation problems.  To evaluate the heuristic’s effectiveness, we compare it with a “brute-force” enumeration using a grid-search.  The grid-search is implemented on a spreadsheet with a programming loop to facilitate repeated invocation of the transportation problem solver routine.
CULTURE-BASED CHARACTER EDUCATION IN MODERNITY ERA
Authors: Murtako Muhammad
Published: February 2016

Education cannot be separated from culture. It is a product of human culture and becomes part of the culture. It also seeks to transform the cultural values in order to achieve both individual and community progress. The implementation of culture-based character education highlights the importance of exemplary elements.
DEMOCRACY AND EDUCATION ISLAM
Authors: Masamah Ulfa
Published: February 2016

Education is one of the media that is Able to help develop the potential of all human beings. Over time the implementation of many educational experience problems when the role of education has a significant influence on improving the quality of human life. Islamic education as an agent of social change should be Able to hit the problem that move dynamically and proactively to the advancement and improvement of Muslims. Das sollen, the purpose of education in Islam as the process of formation of human beings to conform with the nature of existence. Therefore, we need an alternative thinking in an effort to minimize the various educational failure. Democratization of education Considered as a solution capable of Islamic education in creating a humanist. Education that does not justify the existence of intimidation, repression and restrictions on the creativity of teachers and students can be Realized with the Efforts to create a democracy marked by education teaching-learning process that is open and full of healthy and responsible dialogue between teacher and pupil. Humanist atmosphere in education will deliver the achievement of educational goals of Islam. Islamic education is basically the Democratization of space, the which is where the education is directed at a dialogical space. Moreover, the ultimate goal of Islamic education directs its final destination on the behavior and attitude changes, the quality and variety of aspects that promote humanism space. Islamic education should be oriented to instill democratic values in the learning process, such as openness, mutual respect, sympathy, empathy, solidarity, and their understanding of pluralism in a pluralistic life.
Soil Colloid Release Affected by Dissolved Organic Matter and Redox Conditions
Authors: Yan Jing , Lazouskaya Volha , Jin Yan
Published: February 2016

Core Ideas

We quantified and characterized soil colloid release as influenced by redox conditions and DOM.

The interplay of colloids, OM, and redox conditions impacts colloid and soil OM release.

This interplay also affects colloid stabilization or aggregation due to OM–colloid association.

Colloids play an important role in C retention and release in redox‐dynamic environments.

Mobilization of soil colloids has attracted much research attention because of colloids' potential to facilitate transport of strongly sorbing constituents (e.g., contaminants, pesticides, and nutrients). In redox‐dynamic soils or sediments, colloid mobility is largely controlled by Fe3+ dissolution, shifts in pH and ionic strength, and interactions with organic matter (OM). We investigated the complex interplay of colloid release, OM content, and redox conditions via batch experiments to quantify and characterize soil colloid release after the addition of dissolved OM (DOM). Under aerobic conditions, the concentration of released colloids increased from ∼1000 to ∼3000 mg L−1 as the DOM concentration increased from 0 to 20 mg C L−1, respectively. The initial concentrations of released colloids were higher under anaerobic conditions, but they decreased by ∼80 to 90% as incubation continued. In addition, unlike in the aerobic samples, the effects of the added DOM on colloid release in the anaerobic samples were minimal. Iron dissolution under anaerobic conditions coincided with the initial high level of colloid release as well as the release of indigenous DOM (DOMin), which may have led to subsequent colloid aggregation due to bridging. These results demonstrate that (i) DOM stabilized the colloids released under aerobic conditions but had minimal effects on colloids released under anaerobic conditions and (ii) high concentrations of DOMin released under anaerobic conditions decreased subsequent colloid release due to DOMin–colloid association. The findings have implications for colloid release and colloid‐associated nutrient and contaminant mobilization and transport in redox‐dynamic environments such as wetlands.
On graphs with small game domination number
Authors: Klavzar Sandi , Kosmrlj Gasper , Schmidt Simon
Published: February 2016

The domination game is played on a graph G by Dominator and Staller. The game
domination number ?(G) of G is the number of moves played when Dominator
starts and both players play optimally. Similarly, ?g (G) is the number of
moves played when Staller starts. Graphs G with ?(G) = 2, graphs with ?g(G) =
2, as well as graphs extremal with respect to the diameter among these graphs
are characterized. In particular, ?g (G) = 2 and diam(G) = 3 hold for a graph
G if and only if G is a so-called gamburger. Graphs G with ?(G) = 3 and
diam(G) = 6, as well as graphs G with ?g(G) = 3 and diam(G) = 5 are also
characterized.
Occurrence and distribution of the cyclodiene-type organochlorine pesticides in soils of Vojvodina province, Serbia
Authors: Zeremski Tijana , Vasin Jovica , Milic Stanko , Sekulic Petar , Hansman Stefan , Bursic Vojislava
Published: February 2016

Aldrin, endrin and dieldrin are highly toxic and persistent cyclodiene-type
organochlorine pesticides. Although these compounds have been banned over the
last few decades in many countries, they can still be found in the
environment, especially in the agricultural soil. In order to determine the
residue levels of cyclodiene-type organochlorine pesticides in soils of
Vojvodina Province, and to obtain detailed information on their spatial
distribution, 1370 soil samples under different land uses were collected from
Vojvodina Province and analyzed for the presence of aldrin, dieldrin and
endrin. The residues of those pesticides were detectedin the soils of
Vojvodina in measurable concentrations and dieldrin was the most dominant
compound in the soil. However, the concentrations of analysed cyclodiene-type
organochlorine pesticides in the most soil samples from Vojvodina province
were lower than Dutch target valuesfor soil quality.Soil organic matter and
clay content were found to be positively associated with aldrin content while
clay content was found to be negatively associated with endrin.
Teaching Students About Audit Reports: An Interactive Approach
Authors: Fay Rebecca G. , Stein Sarah E.
Published: February 2016

This instructional case provides an interactive approach to teach students about various components of the audit report as well as different types of reports. The materials in this case provide instructors with a diverse set of publicly available audit reports that can be used to illustrate several reporting issues in an undergraduate or graduate class. After gaining an appreciation for the existing structure of audit reports, students are asked to apply critical-thinking skills to determine whether the information communicated in these reports is informative to various interest groups. To facilitate classroom discussion on the topic, the case incorporates information from recent regulatory proposals that would significantly change existing audit report disclosures.
Audited Financial Reporting and Voluntary Disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Reports
Authors: Chen Long , Srinidhi Bin , Tsang Albert , Yu Wei
Published: February 2016

Prior studies show that corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting is informative to investors but lacks credibility. This study examines whether a commitment to audits of financial outcomes, proxied by audit fees, is associated with greater CSR reporting credibility. We find that audit fees are positively associated with the likelihood of standalone CSR report issuance, and this positive association becomes stronger when managers perceive a greater need for credibility, i.e., when CSR reports are longer or issued with external assurance, when firms have strong CSR concerns, and when reports are issued sporadically. Corroborating our results, we find that CSR reports issued by firms committing to high audit fees accelerate the incorporation of future earnings information into current stock price. Taken together, our findings suggest that a commitment to higher financial reporting quality has the potential to bring positive externality to firms' nonfinancial disclosures and ultimately affects the issuance of CSR reports.
Measurement of the Underground Economy in Nepal: A Currency Demand Approach
Authors: Raut Nirmal Kumar , Chalise Namuna , Thapa Puja
Published: February 2016

There have been rising concerns on growing magnitude of Underground Economy in most of the economies irrespective of their state of development. The problem is more apparent in developing economies where legal and institutional arrangements are relatively weaker. This study attempts to estimate empirically the size of Underground Economy in Nepal. We use an indirect method of customized version of Currency Demand Method to measure the same and find that its coverage has been increasing throughout in the last two decades with the most alarming increment in the last two fiscal years 2011and 2012. We attribute these increments particularly to the 1996-2006 armed conflict; the increasing cases of economic and financial crimes; and a large informal sector.Economic Journal of Development Issues Vol. 17 & 18 No. 1-2 (2014) Combined Issue, Page: 105-127
Determinants of Non-Performing Loans: Perception of Nepali Bankers
Authors: Bhattarai Seema
Published: February 2016

The paper discusses the perception of Nepalese bankers regarding the determinants of nonperforming loan in Nepalese commercial banks. The paper is based on primary information collected from 140 bankers working in large ten commercial banks of Nepal. The bankers of Nepalese commercial bank perceive that energy crisis; lack of timely budgetary expenditure by the government and instable political environment increases the non-performing loan. Similarly bankers also perceive that borrowers honesty in disclosing the information, better monitoring and evaluation of the loan, have significant negative impact on non-performing loan. However, the banker’s perception shows that the macroeconomic variables like unemployment rate, inflation rate, exchange rate and interest rate are not much important variables to influence non-performing loan of the commercial banks of Nepal. The bankers also perceive that the increase in GDP growth rate decrease the non-performing loan of commercial banks in Nepal.Economic Journal of Development Issues Vol. 17 & 18 No. 1-2 (2014) Combined Issue, Page: 128-148
Independent Replication of Published Germline Polymorphisms Associated with Urinary Bladder Cancer Prognosis and Treatment Response
Authors: Grotenhuis Anne J. , Dudek Aleksandra M. , Verhaegh Gerald W. , Aben Katja K. , Witjes J. Alfred , Kiemeney Lambertus A. , Vermeulen Sita H.
Published: February 2016

Background:

Many studies investigated the prognostic or predictive relevance of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in biologically plausible genes in urinary bladder cancer (UBC) patients. Most published SNP associations have never been replicated in independent patient series.

Objective:

To independently replicate all previously reported associations between germline SNPs and disease prognosis or treatment response in UBC.

Methods:

A Pubmed search was performed to identify studies published by July 1, 2014 reporting on germline SNP associations with UBC prognosis or treatment response. For the replication series, consisting of 1,284 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and 275 muscle-invasive or metastatic bladder cancer (MIBC) patients recruited through the Netherlands Cancer Registry, detailed clinical data were retrieved from medical charts. Patients were genotyped using a genome-wide SNP array. SNP association with recurrence-free, progression-free, and overall survival (OS) within specific patient and treatment strata was tested using Cox regression analyses.

Results:

For only six of the 114 evaluated SNPs, the association with either UBC prognosis or treatment response was replicated at the p <  0.05 level: rs1799793 ( ERCC2) and rs187238 ( IL18) for BCG recurrence; rs6678136 ( RGS4) and rs11585883 ( RGS5) for NMIBC progression; rs12035879 ( RGS5) and rs2075786 ( TERT) for MIBC OS.

Conclusions:

Non-replicated genetic associations in the literature require cautious interpretation. This single replication does not provide definitive proof of association for the six SNPs, and non-replication of other SNPs may result from population-specific effects or the retrospective patient enrollment.
Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection may be Limited on the Contralateral Side in Strictly Unilateral Bladder Cancer without Compromising Oncological Radicality
Authors: Kiss Bernhard , Paerli Michael , Schöndorf Daniel , Burkhard Fiona C. , Thalmann George N. , Roth Beat
Published: February 2016

Background:

Results of a dynamic multimodality mapping study showed no lymphatic drainage of the lateral bladder wall to the contralateral internal iliac region.

Objectives:

To validate whether pathoanatomical mapping in bladder cancer (BC) patients can confirm these results.

Methods:

Between 01/2000 and 07/2013, 825 BC patients preoperatively staged ≥pT1 and without clinical signs of metastases (cN0 cM0) underwent extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) and radical cystectomy at our department. Of these patients, 23% (193/825) were lymph node (LN) positive in the pathological specimen; 26% (51/193) of this subgroup had strictly unilateral BC. Pathoanatomical mapping was used to retrospectively validate the distribution of LN involvement in these 51 patients.

Results:

A median of 35 LNs were removed per patient (range: 13–80 LNs), with a median of 2 positive LNs (range: 1–14 LNs). 27% (14/51) of patients presented with LN metastases on the contralateral side. No positive LNs were found in the contralateral internal iliac region or the contralateral fossa of Marcille. 10% (5/51) of patients had LN metastases only on the contralateral side without evidence of metastases on the tumor-bearing side.

Conclusions:

Our findings corroborate the data of a dynamic mapping study showing bilateral lymphatic drainage in almost one third of patients with strictly unilateral BC, but no lymphatic drainage from the lateral bladder wall to the contralateral internal iliac region. If prospective studies confirm these results, the contralateral internal iliac region may be omitted during ePLND in patients with strictly unilateral BC.
Hypoxia Marker GLUT-1 (Glucose Transporter 1) is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Survival in Bladder Cancer Patients Treated with Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Boström P.J. , Thoms J. , Sykes J. , Ahmed O. , Evans A. , van Rhijn B.W. G. , Mirtti T. , Stakhovskyi O. , Laato M. , Margel D. , Pintilie M. , Kuk C. , Milosevic M. , Zlotta A.R. , Bristow R.G.
Published: February 2016

Background:

Tumour hypoxia, which is frequent in many cancer types, is associated with treatment resistance and poor prognosis. The role of hypoxia in surgically treated bladder cancer (BC) is not well described. We studied the role of hypoxia in two independent series of urothelial bladder cancers treated with radical cystectomy.

Methods:

279 patients from the University Hospital Network (UHN), Toronto, Canada, and Turku University, Finland were studied. Hypoxia biomarkers (HIF1-α, CAIX, GLUT-1) and proliferation marker Ki-67 were analyzed with immunohistochemistry using defined tissue microarrays. Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate prognostic role of the factors.

Results:

In univariate analyses, strong GLUT-1 positivity and a high Ki-67 index were associated with poor survival. In multivariate model containing clinical prognostic variables, GLUT-1 was an independent prognostic factor associated with worse disease-specific survival (HR 2.9, 95% CI 0.7–12.6, Wald p = 0.15 in the Toronto cohort and HR 3.2, 95% CI 1.3–7.5, Wald p = 0.0085 in the Turku cohort).

Conclusion:

GLUT-1 is frequently upregulated and is an independent prognostic factor in surgically treated bladder cancer. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential role of hypoxia-based and targeted therapies in hypoxic bladder tumours.
Bladder Cancer Molecular Taxonomy: Summary from a Consensus Meeting
Authors: Lerner Seth P. , McConkey David J. , Hoadley Katherine A. , Chan Keith S. , Kim William Y. , Radvanyi François , Höglund Mattias , Real Francisco X.
Published: February 2016

The advent of Omics technologies has been key to the molecular subclassification of urothelial bladder cancer. Several groups have used different strategies to this aim, with partially overlapping findings. The meeting at the Spanish National Cancer Research Center-CNIO was held to discuss such classifications and reach consensus where appropriate. After updated presentations on the work performed by the teams attending the meeting, a consensus was reached regarding the existence of a group of Basal-Squamous-like tumors – designated BASQ – charaterized the high expression of KRT5/6 and KRT14 and low/undetectable expression of FOXA1 and GATA3. An additional tumor subgroup with urothelial differentiation features was recognized whose optimal molecular definition is required. For other subtypes described, more work is needed to determine how robust they are and how to best define them at the molecular level.
Limited Funds for Bladder Cancer Research and What Can We Do About It
Authors: Boormans Joost L. , Zwarthoff Ellen C.
Published: February 2016

Bladder cancer is frequent, has a high mortality, is expensive and treatment options have not improved over a long time. One of the most important reasons for the relative lack of improvement in treatment of bladder cancer is the low funding for research on bladder cancer. A second reason is that incidence figures in some countries are too low because non-muscle invasive tumors are not registered. We suggest that the bladder cancer community advocates research on bladder cancer and informs policy makers on the underfunding situation. In addition, we need to convince the statisticians that registration should encompass all bladder tumors.
Novel Selective Calpain 1 Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutics in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Fà Mauro , Zhang Hong , Staniszewski Agnieszka , Saeed Faisal , Shen Li W. , Schiefer Isaac T. , Siklos Marton I. , Tapadar Subhasish , Litosh Vladislav A. , Libien Jenny , Petukhov Pavel A. , Teich Andrew F. , Thatcher Gregory R.J. , Arancio Ottavio
Published: February 2016

Alzheimer’s disease, one of the most important brain pathologies associated with neurodegenerative processes, is related to overactivation of calpain-mediated proteolysis. Previous data showed a compelling efficacy of calpain inhibition against abnormal synaptic plasticity and memory produced by the excess of amyloid-β, a distinctive marker of the disease. Moreover, a beneficial effect of calpain inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease is predictable by the occurrence of calpain hyperactivation leading to impairment of memory-related pathways following abnormal calcium influxes that might ensue independently of amyloid-β elevation. However, molecules currently available as effective calpain inhibitors lack adequate selectivity. This work is aimed at characterizing the efficacy of a novel class of epoxide-based inhibitors, synthesized to display improved selectivity and potency towards calpain 1 compared to the prototype epoxide-based generic calpain inhibitor E64. Both functional and preliminary toxicological investigations proved the efficacy, potency, and safety of the novel and selective calpain inhibitors NYC438 and NYC488 as possible therapeutics against the disease.
Falls and fear of falling in vertigo and balance disorders: A controlled cross-sectional study
Authors: Schlick Cornelia , Schniepp Roman , Loidl Verena , Wuehr Max , Hesselbarth Kristin , Jahn Klaus
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND:

Vertigo and dizziness are among the most prevalent symptoms in neurologic disorders. Although many of these patients suffer from postural instability and gait disturbances, there is only limited data on their risk of falling.

METHODS:

We conducted a controlled cross-sectional study at the tertiary care outpatient clinic of the German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders using a self-administered questionnaire to assess falls, fall-related injuries, and fear of falling. The recruitment period was 6 months.

RESULTS:

A total of 569 patients (mean age 59.6 ± 17.1 years, 55% females) and 100 healthy participants were included (response rate > 90%). Dizzy patients with central balance disorders (Parkinsonian, cerebellar, and brainstem oculomotor syndromes) had the highest fall rates (> 50% recurrent fallers, odds ratio > 10). The rate of recurrent fallers was 30% in bilateral vestibular failure and peripheral neuropathy (odds ratio > 5). Patients with functional dizziness (somatoform or phobic vertigo) were concerned about falling but did not fall more often than healthy controls (odds ratio 0.87).

CONCLUSION:

Falls are common in patients presenting to a dizziness unit. Those with central syndromes are at risk of recurrent and injurious falling. Fall rates and fear of falling should be assessed in balance disorders and used to guide the regimen of rehabilitation therapy. The identification of risk factors would help provide protective measures to these groups of patients.
Anticompensatory quick eye movements after head impulses: A peripheral vestibular sign in spontaneous nystagmus
Authors: Luis L. , Lehnen N. , Muñoz E. , de Carvalho M. , Schneider E. , Valls-Solé J. , Costa J.
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND:

Differentiating central from peripheral origins of spontaneous nystagmus (SN) is challenging. Looking for a simple sign of peripheral disease with the video Head Impulsive Test we noticed anti-compensatory eye movements (AQEM) in patients with peripheral etiologies of spontaneous nystagmus (SN). Here we assess the diagnostic accuracy of AQEM in differentiating peripheral from central vestibular disorders.

METHODS:

We recorded the eye movements in response to horizontal head impulses in a group of 43 consecutive patients with acute vestibular syndrome (12 with central, 31 with peripheral disorders), 5 patients after acute vestibular neurectomy (positive controls) and 39 healthy subjects (negative controls). AQEM were defined as quick eye movements (peak velocity above 50°/s) in the direction of the head movement.

RESULTS:

All patients with peripheral disorders and positive controls had AQEM (latency 231 ± 53 ms, amplitude 3.4 ± 1.4°, velocity 166 ± 55°/s) when their head was moved to the opposite side of the lesion. Central patients did not have AQEM. AQEM occurrence rate was higher in peripheral patients with contralesional (74 ± 4%, mean ± SD) in comparison to ipsilesional (1 ± 4%) impulses (p< 0.001). Overall diagnostic accuracy for differentiating central from peripheral patients was 96% (95% CI for AUC ROC curve: 0.90 to 1.0) for VOR gain and 100% (95% CI: 1.0 to 1.0) for AQEM occurrence rate.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results suggest that AQEM are a sign of vestibular imbalance in a peripheral deficit. In addition to VOR gain they should be added to the evaluation of the head impulse test.
La juridiction privilégiée du magistrat face aux officiers de justice du Prince à Lille, XIVe-XVIIe siècle
Authors: Lorgnier Jacques
Published: February 2016

Jacques Lorgnier, De eigen rechtspraak van de magistraat tegenover de rechtsofficieren van de Prins, in Rijsel, xive-xvne eeuw.

De magistraat zorgde bij privilégie voor de rechtspraak van de burgers van Rijsel. Hij slaagde erin onafhankelijk te blijven door zich ertegen te verzetten dat er zonder hem recht gesproken werd in de schepenbank en voor wat de belastingen en de zone buiten de muren betrof, en door te weigeren zijn uits- praken voor te leggen aan andere lokale rechtbanken, vooral die van de sou- vereine gouverneur-baljuw van Rijsel.

Eeuwenlang erkende de Prins die rechtsmacht die hij verleend had als belo- ning voor de trouw van de Rijselse schepenen. Hij waakte op het opstellen van voor de stad gunstige voorzorgsmaatregelen en op de strikte scheiding met de buitengewone rechtsmacht van de baljuw. Zo werden de schepenen, vooral voor civiele zaken, het natuurlijk tribunaal van eerste instantie voor aile Rij- selenaren, eisers en verdedigers, tot in Parijs toe. Voor wat het strafrecht betreft werd de voorrang van de schepelijke rechtsmacht gedeeltelijk betwist tijdens de politieke en religieuze troebelen in de xvie eeuw, waarvoor men meer dan vroeger een beroep deed op uitzonderingsrechtbanken of op een gezagsni- veau dat dichter stond bij de vorst dan een Vlaamse schepenbank. Zaken als de politiemacht en de plakkaten over de openbare orde zijn daarvan een goed voorbeeld.

Men kan desondanks besluiten dat de officieren van de gemeentelijke recht- bank het haalden op die van de prins (kasteeldomein en baljuwschap), wegens de trouw van de stad en de hardnekkigheid waarmee de juristen het midde- leeuwse privilégie wisten aan te passen aan de evolutie van het recht. Toen zij opnieuw bij Frankrijk ingelijfd werden, bevonden zij zich in een uitzonderlijke toestand op rechterlijk gebied, overgeërfd uit de Spaanse rechtspraak, en die met koninklijk welnemen tijdelijk behouden bleef.
La musique dans la sociabilité urbaine au XVIIIe siècle : l'exemple de Lille
Authors: Duhamel Jean-Marie
Published: February 2016

Malgré sa réputation, moquée par certains lettrés tel l'abbé Expilly, de cité profondément marchande, uniquement préoccupée de négoce et de profits, la ville de Lille n'a pas complètement ignoré les charmes des Lumières. Si une Académie n'a jamais pu s'installer, le xvme siècle a vu néanmoins la mise en place non seulement d'un opéra régulier mais encore de successives sociétés de concerts semi-privées. Ainsi, en 1767, l'opéra emploie une centaine de personnes tandis qu'à la veille de la Révolution, «le Concert de MM. les Abonnés» accueille plus de 600 souscripteurs.

Au-delà d'une activité artistique au cœur des préoccupations du siècle, s'interroger sur ces structures musicales permet d'approcher quelques-unes des pratiques culturelles et des rituels de sociabilité des élites lilloises.
Perception of Small Frequency Differences in Children with Auditory Processing Disorder or Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Rota-Donahue Christine , Schwartz Richard G. , Shafer Valerie , Sussman Elyse S.
Published: February 2016

Background:Frequency discrimination is often impaired in children developing language atypically. However, findings in the detection of small frequency changes in these children are conflicting. Previous studies on children’s auditory perceptual abilities usually involved
establishing differential sensitivity thresholds in sample populations who were not tested for auditory deficits. To date, there are no data comparing suprathreshold frequency discrimination ability in children tested for both auditory processing and language skills.Purpose:: This study
examined the perception of small frequency differences (Δƒ) in children with auditory processing disorder (APD) and/or specific language impairment (SLI). The aim was to determine whether children with APD and children with SLI showed differences in their behavioral responses to
frequency changes. Results were expected to identify different degrees of impairment and shed some light on the auditory perceptual overlap between pediatric APD and SLI.Research Design:An experimental group design using a two-alternative forced-choice procedure was used to determine
frequency discrimination ability for three magnitudes of Δƒ from the 1000-Hz base frequency.Study Sample:Thirty children between 10 years of age and 12 years, 11 months of age: 17 children with APD and/or SLI, and 13 typically developing (TD) peers participated. The clinical
groups included four children with APD only, four children with SLI only, and nine children with both APD and SLI.Data Collection and Analysis:Behavioral data collected using headphone delivery were analyzed using the sensitivity index d′, calculated for three Δƒ was
2%, 5%, and 15% of the base frequency or 20, 50, and 150 Hz. Correlations between the dependent variable d′ and the independent variables measuring auditory processing and language skills were also obtained. A stepwise regression analysis was then performed.Results:TD children
and children with APD and/or SLI differed in the detection of small-tone Δƒ. In addition, APD or SLI status affected behavioral results differently. Comparisons between auditory processing test scores or language test scores and the sensitivity index d′ showed different strengths
of correlation based on the magnitudes of the Δƒ. Auditory processing scores showed stronger correlation to the sensitivity index d′ for the small Δƒ, while language scores showed stronger correlation to the sensitivity index d′ for the large Δƒ.Conclusion:Although
children with APD and/or SLI have difficulty with behavioral frequency discrimination, this difficulty may stem from two different levels: a basic auditory level for children with APD and a higher language processing level for children with SLI; the frequency discrimination performance seemed
to be affected by the labeling demands of the same versus different frequency discrimination task for the children with SLI.
THE INNER DEBRIS STRUCTURE IN THE FOMALHAUT PLANETARY SYSTEM*
Authors: Su Kate Y. L. , Rieke George H. , Defrére Denis , Wang Kuo-Song , Lai Shih-Ping , Wilner David J. , Lieshout Rik van , Lee Chin-Fei
Published: February 2016

Fomalhaut plays an important role in the study of debris disks and small bodies in other planetary systems. The proximity and luminosity of the star make key features of its debris, like the water ice line, accessible. Here we present ALMA cycle 1, 870 μm (345 GHz) observations targeted at the inner part of the Fomalhaut system with a synthesized beam of 0.″45 × 0.″37 (∼3 AU linear resolution at the distance of Fomalhaut) and an rms of 26 μJy beam−1. The high angular resolution and sensitivity of the ALMA data enable us to place strong constraints on the nature of the warm excess revealed by Spitzer and Herschel observations. We detect a point source at the star position with a total flux consistent with thermal emission from the stellar photosphere. No structures that are brighter than 3σ are detected in the central 15 AU × 15 AU region. Modeling the spectral energy distribution using parameters expected for a dust-producing planetesimal belt indicates a radial location in the range of ∼8–15 AU. This is consistent with the location where ice sublimates in Fomalhaut, i.e., an asteroid-belt analog. The 3σ upper limit for such a belt is <1.3 mJy at 870 μm. We also interpret the 2 and 8–13 μm interferometric measurements to reveal the structure in the inner 10 AU region as dust naturally connected to this proposed asteroid belt by Poynting–Robertson drag, dust sublimation, and magnetically trapped nanograins.
THE SINFONI BLACK HOLE SURVEY: THE BLACK HOLE FUNDAMENTAL PLANE REVISITED AND THE PATHS OF (CO)EVOLUTION OF SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES AND BULGES
Authors: Saglia R. P. , Opitsch M. , Erwin P. , Thomas J. , Beifiori A. , Fabricius M. , Mazzalay X. , Nowak N. , Rusli S. P. , Bender R.
Published: February 2016

We investigate the correlations between the black hole (BH) mass M
BH, the velocity dispersion σ, the bulge mass M
Bu, the bulge average spherical density

, and its spherical half-mass radius r
h, constructing a database of 97 galaxies (31 core ellipticals, 17 power-law ellipticals, 30 classical bulges, and 19 pseudobulges) by joining 72 galaxies from the literature to 25 galaxies observed during our recent SINFONI BH survey. For the first time we discuss the full error covariance matrix. We analyze the well-known M
BH–σ and M
BH–M
Bu relations and establish the existence of statistically significant correlations between M
Bu and r
h and anticorrelations between M
Bu and

. We establish five significant bivariate correlations (M
BH–σ–ρ
h, M
BH–σ–r
h, M
BH–M
Bu–σ, M
BH–M
Bu–ρ
h, M
BH–M
Bu–r
h) that predict M
BH of 77 core and power-law ellipticals and classical bulges with measured and intrinsic scatter as small as

dex and

dex, respectively, or 0.26 dex when the subsample of 45 galaxies defined by Kormendy & Ho is considered. In contrast, pseudobulges have systematically lower M
BH but approach the predictions of all of the above relations at spherical densities

or scale lengths

. These findings fit in a scenario of coevolution of BH and classical-bulge masses, where core ellipticals are the product of dry mergers of power-law bulges and power-law ellipticals and bulges the result of (early) gas-rich mergers and of disk galaxies. In contrast, the (secular) growth of BHs is decoupled from the growth of their pseudobulge hosts, except when (gas) densities are high enough to trigger the feedback mechanism responsible for the existence of the correlations between M
BH and galaxy structural parameters.
EVOLUTION OF THE X-RAY PROFILE OF THE CRAB PULSAR
Authors: Ge M. Y. , Yan L. L. , Lu F. J. , Zheng S. J. , Yuan J. P. , Tong H. , Zhang S. N. , Lu Y.
Published: February 2016

Using the archival data from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer, we study the evolution of the Crab pulsar’s X-ray profile in a time span of 11 years. The X-ray profiles, as characterized by a few parameters, changed slightly, but with high statistical significance in these years: the separation of the two peaks increased with a rate of 0.°88 ± 0.°20 per century, the flux ratio of the second pulse to the first pulse decreased by

per century, and the pulse widths of the two pulses represented by their full widths at half maxima decreased by

and

per century, respectively. The evolutionary trends of the X-ray profile are similar to that observed in radio, but with quantitative differences. Finally, we briefly discuss the constraints of these X-ray properties on the geometry of the emission region of this pulsar.
ON THE INTERACTIVE-BEATING-MODES MODEL: GENERATION OF ASYMMETRIC MULTIPLET STRUCTURES AND EXPLANATION OF THE BLAZHKO EFFECT
Authors: Bryant Paul H.
Published: February 2016

This paper considers a nonlinear coupling between a radial and a nonradial mode of nearly the same frequency. The results may be of general interest, but in particular have application to the “beating-modes model” of the Blazhko effect which was recently shown to accurately reproduce the light curve of RR Lyr. For weak coupling, the two modes do not phase-lock and they retain separate frequencies, but the coupling nevertheless has important consequences. Upon increasing the coupling strength from zero, an additional side-peak emerges in the spectrum forming an asymmetric triplet centered on the fundamental. As the coupling is further increased, the amplitude of this side-peak increases and the three peaks are also pulled toward each other, decreasing the Blazhko frequency. Beyond a critical coupling strength, phase-locking occurs between the modes. With appropriate choice of coupling strength, this “interactive beating-modes model” can match the side-peak amplitude ratio of any star. The effects of nonlinear damping are also explored and found to generate additional side-peaks of odd order. Consistent with this, the odd side-peaks are found to be favored in V808 Cyg. It is also shown that the Blazhko effect generates a fluctuating “environment” that can have a modulatory effect on other excited modes of the star. An example is found in V808 Cyg where the modulation is at double the Blazhko frequency. An explanation is found for this mysterious doubling, providing additional evidence in favor of the model.
ANALYSIS OF FLOWS INSIDE QUIESCENT PROMINENCES AS CAPTURED BY HINODE/SOLAR OPTICAL TELESCOPE
Authors: Freed M. S. , McKenzie D. E. , Longcope D. W. , Wilburn M.
Published: February 2016

Developing an understanding of how magnetic fields can become entangled in a prominence is important for predicting a possible eruption. This work investigates the kinetic energy and vorticity associated with plasma motion residing inside quiescent prominences (QPs). These plasma flow characteristics can be utilized to improve our understanding of how the prominence maintains a stable magnetic field configuration. Three different contrast-enhanced solar prominence observations from Hinode/Solar Optical Telescope were used to construct velocity maps—in the plane of the sky—via a Fourier local correlation tracking program. The resulting velocities were then used to perform the first-ever analysis of the two-dimensional kinetic energy and enstrophy spectra of a prominence. Enstrophy is introduced here as a means of quantifying the vorticity that has been observed in many QPs. The kinetic energy power spectral density (PSD) produced indices ranging from −1.00 to −1.60. There was a consistent anisotropy in the kinetic energy spectrum of all three prominences examined. Examination of the intensity PSD reveals that a different scaling relationship exists between the observed prominence structure and velocity maps. All of the prominences exhibited an inertial range of at least

. Quasi-periodic oscillations were also detected in the centroid of the velocity distributions for one prominence. Additionally, a lower limit was placed on the kinetic energy density (ϵ ∼ 0.22–7.04

) and enstrophy density (ω ∼ 1.43–13.69

) associated with each prominence.
THE SIZES OF GLOBULAR CLUSTERS AS TRACERS OF GALACTIC HALO POTENTIALS
Authors: Zonoozi A. H. , Rabiee M. , Haghi H. , Küpper A. H. W.
Published: February 2016

We present N-body simulations of globular clusters, exploring the effect of different galactic potentials on cluster sizes, r

h
. For various galactocentric distances, R

G
, we assess how cluster sizes change when we vary the virial mass and concentration of the host galaxy’s dark-matter halo. We show that sizes of GCs are determined by the local galactic mass density rather than the virial mass of the host galaxy. We find that clusters evolving in the inner halos of less concentrated galaxies are significantly more extended than those evolving in more concentrated ones, while the sizes of those orbiting in the outer halo are almost independent of concentration. Adding a baryonic component to our galaxy models does not change these results much, since its effect is only significant in the very inner halo. Our simulations suggest that there is a relation between r

h
and R

G
, which systematically depends on the physical parameters of the halo. Hence, observing such relations in individual galaxies can put a new observational constraint on dark-matter halo characteristics. However, by varying the halo mass in a wide range of

, we find that the r

h
 − R

G
relationship will be nearly independent of halo mass, if one assumes M
vir and c
vir as two correlated parameters, as is suggested by cosmological simulations.
IN-SYNC. IV. THE YOUNG STELLAR POPULATION IN THE ORION A MOLECULAR CLOUD
Authors: Rio Nicola Da , Tan Jonathan C. , Covey Kevin R. , Cottaar Michiel , Foster Jonathan B. , Cullen Nicholas C. , Tobin John J. , Kim Jinyoung S. , Meyer Michael R. , Nidever David L. , Stassun Keivan G. , Chojnowski S. Drew , Flaherty Kevin M. , Majewski Steve , Skrutskie Michael F. , Zasowski Gail , Pan Kaike
Published: February 2016

We present the results of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey APOGEE INfrared Spectroscopy of Young Nebulous Clusters program (IN-SYNC) survey of the Orion A molecular cloud. This survey obtained high-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy of about 2700 young pre-main-sequence stars on a

field of view. We have measured accurate stellar parameters (

,

,

) and extinctions and placed the sources in the Hertzsprung–Russel diagram (HRD). We have also extracted radial velocities for the kinematic characterization of the population. We compare our measurements with literature results to assess the performance and accuracy of the survey. Source extinction shows evidence for dust grains that are larger than those in the diffuse interstellar medium: we estimate an average R

V
 = 5.5 in the region. Importantly, we find a clear correlation between HRD inferred ages and spectroscopic surface-gravity-inferred ages and between extinction and disk presence; this strongly suggests a real spread of ages larger than a few Myr. Focusing on the young population around NGC 1980/ι Ori, which has previously been suggested to be a separate, foreground, older cluster, we confirm its older (∼5 Myr) age and low A

V
, but considering that its radial velocity distribution is indistinguishable from Orion A’s population, we suggest that NGC 1980 is part of Orion A’s star formation activity. Based on their stellar parameters and kinematic properties, we identify 383 new candidate members of Orion A, most of which are diskless sources in areas of the region poorly studied by previous works.
PLASMA EMISSION BY COUNTER-STREAMING ELECTRON BEAMS
Authors: Ziebell L. F. , Petruzzellis L. T. , Yoon P. H. , Gaelzer R. , Pavan J.
Published: February 2016

The radiation emission mechanism responsible for both type-II and type-III solar radio bursts is commonly accepted as plasma emission. Recently Ganse et al. suggested that type-II radio bursts may be enhanced when the electron foreshock geometry of a coronal mass ejection contains a double hump structure. They reasoned that the counter-streaming electron beams that exist between the double shocks may enhance the nonlinear coalescence interaction, thereby giving rise to more efficient generation of radiation. Ganse et al. employed a particle-in-cell simulation to study such a scenario. The present paper revisits the same problem with EM weak turbulence theory, and show that the fundamental (F) emission is not greatly affected by the presence of counter-streaming beams, but the harmonic (H) emission becomes somewhat more effective when the two beams are present. The present finding is thus complementary to the work by Ganse et al.