bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PNEUMATOSIS CYSTOIDES INTESTINALIS
Authors: Eimoto Tadaaki
Published: December 2008

Two cases of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI), apparently of different etiologies, were found at autopsy in cancer patients. One case was associated with chronic obstructive lung disease and with emphysema of soft tissues of the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and mesentery, whereas the other showed pseudomembranous enteritis with bacterial and fungal overgrowths. The latter case supports the role of gas‐forming bacteria, while the former provides an anatomical evidence of pulmonary disease as a cause of PGI. Obstruction of the upper gastrointestinal tract may contribute to the occurrence of PGI by a complication of aspiration pneumonitis or disturbance of the normal bacterial flora of the intestine as well as an increase of the intraluminal pressure. In addition to the etiologic considerations, the importance of clinical diagnosis of PGI has been emphasized since both cases in the present report were more or less related to the cause of death.
UNUSUAL PRIMARY MALIGNANT RETICULOSIS OF THE BONE MARROW
Authors: Inoue Tohru , Kimula Yuji , Tanaka Yasukazu , Shirakura Takuo , Hayashi‐Nakao Junko
Published: December 2008

An unusual case of primary reticulosis of the bone marrow in a 67‐year‐old female has been described. Pathological‐anatomical characteristics of the present case are as follows; 1) Primary non‐destructive proliferation of neoplastic reticulum cells or their variants, confined to the systemic bone marrow. Metastatic foci were noted in several areas where extramedullary hematopoiesis occurred. 2) Cytologically, neoplastic cells resemble atypical plasmacytic cells. No active phagocytosis was noted in neoplastic cells. 3) Histologically a significant increase in reticulin flbers was observed closely associated with proliferating cells. 4) Electron‐microscopically these cells showed developed endoplasmic reticula but were distinguishable from myeloma cells by their irregular cytoplasmic border, which became frequently obscure, and by the presence of a desmosome‐like structure. 5) These cells showed a negative immunofluorescent reaction to all types of human immunoglobulin classes. The morphological characteristics of these cells distinguished the disorder from poorly differentiated myelomatosis.
AGE‐RELATED CHANGES OF THYMUS – MORPHOLOGICAL and FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS –
Authors: Hirokawa Katsuiku
Published: December 2008

The thymus involutes progressively throughout life, beginning at around the sexual maturation. In long‐lived BG3F1 hybrid mice, the thymic capacity to induce T cell differentiation begins to decline earlier than the onset of thymic involution, although the magnitude of the decline is different by the subpopulation of T cells. Morphologically, the most active secretory structure seems to be limited exclusively to the neonatal thymus and certain structural changes, reflective of a decline in secretory function, can be detected early in life and they become more pronounced with age. Heterogeneity of thymic epithelial cells is suggested by the facts that age‐related and radiation induced decline of immune activites are different in degree by subpopulation of T cells, and the concept is also supported from a morphological viewpoint. It is thus apparent that age‐related thymic involution results in decrease of recruitment of fresh capable T cells and increase of old exhausted T cells, eventually bringing about T cell insufficiency in the aged individuals. Such an impaired immune function in the aged mice can be effectively restored by the combined grafting of young bone marrow and newborn thymus, and the thymus is apparently the most limiting factor in the aged. The biological significance of age‐related thymic involution is also discussed.
BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN (BSA) NEPHRITIS IN RATS I. EXPERIMENTAL MODEL
Authors: Yamamoto Tadashi , Kihara Itaru , Morita Takashi , Oite Takashi
Published: December 2008

Proliferative glomerulonephritis with proteinuria was induced in Wistar rats by bovine serum albumin (BSA). Rats were first immunized with 1 mg or 2.5 mg of BSA and complete Freund's adjuvant (GFA) and eight weeks later 1 mg of BSA were given intravenously six times a week for four weeks. Immunofluorescence revealed granular deposits of IgG, G3, and BSA in the mesangial area with or without deposition of the same components along the capillary wall. Evaluation of the circulating antibody disclosed an apparent correlation between the level of antibody and histological findings. Rats with an intermediate amount of antibody production developed mesangial widening with mesangial immune deposits and no proteinuria. Rats with a low response developed proliferative glomerulonephritis with immune deposits along the capilary wall as well as in the mesangial area and proteinuria.
FUSIFORM ANEURYSM OF BASILAR ARTERY ASSOCIATED WITH BILATERAL CHOROIDAL CYSTS
Authors: Kaneko Hiroshi , Hōjō Haruto , Ishikawa Shinobu , Yamanouchi Haruo , Sumida Toshiko , Sobue Hachiki , Tanimura Ken‐ichi , Nishida Kazuo , Watanabe Masao , Shirakawa Ken‐ichi
Published: December 2008

A case of large fusiform aneurysm of the basilar artery and bilateral choroidal cysts in the lateral ventricles is reported. The pathogenesis of the choroidal cysts is brieay discussed.
CEMENTED TUNGSTEN CARBIDE PNEUMOCONIOSIS
Authors: Kitamura Hitoshi , Kitamura Hajime , Tozawa Takashi , Kimula Yuji
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of cemented tungsten carbide pneumoconiosis, the first lethal case in our country, is presented. A 28‐year‐old woman, who had been engaged in grinding presintered metallic matrix for four years, developed respiratory symptoms. X‐ray examinations were indicative of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Corticosteroid therapy revealed only little effect. She expired five years after the onset of the symptoms. Postmortem examination showed nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis resulting in marked lung fibrosis. Ultrastructurally, crystals were observed in cytoplasm of presumable macrophages in the fibrotic lung tissue. Electron probe microanalysis of the lung tissue showed the presence of tungsten and other constituents of tungsten carbide except for cobalt. Metal analysis demonstrated a large amount of tungsten in the lung. Cobalt was detected tenfold of the normal value in the bone. In pathogenesis of the pneumoconiosis in the cemented tungsten carbide workers, toxicity of cobalt is most suspectable, and in addition, individual susceptibility may be also important.
CONGENITAL HEPATIC FIBROSIS
Authors: Nonomxjra Akitaka , Ohta Goroku , Yoshida Kojiro , Kurachi Madoka , Matsubara Fujitsugu , Takazakura Eisuke
Published: December 2008

A patient who developed pancytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly with portal hypertension is described. Liver wedge biopsy at the time of operation showed typical histology of congenital hepatic fibrosis. Renal surgical biopsy revealed tubular ectasia. A continuous anastomosing network of the biliary tree was observed by reconstruction of serial sections of the liver. Some parts of the network were dilated and no isolated bile ducts were present.
VITAMIN D SCLEROSIS IN RATS
Authors: Kamio Akinori , Taguchi Takashi , Shiraishi Masayuki , Shitama Kenji , Fukushima Katsuhiko , Takebayashi Shigeo
Published: December 2008

The early fine structural changes in the arteries of rats induced by excess vitamin D, perorally or parenterally were essentially similar, except the latter had a more prominent toxic effect to the vascular wall. The ultrastructural features, incidental to calcification, included the appearance of increased ground substance with a separation of collagenous and elastic fibrils, and degenerative changes in smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis was greatly accelerated at the sites of vascular injury when cholesterol, cholic acid and thiouracil were added to the basal diet. Calcification was initially observed in relation to elastic fibrils or degenerated cells in the upper and middle layers of the arteries, although there were few such deposits in the thickened intima of the coronary arteries. Calcium deposition could not be a direct effect of hypercalcemia, but the functional activity of smooth muscle cells did seem to promote the mineralization of calcium and phosphate. Furthermore, vitamin D‐induced sclerosis did not prevent intimal thickening of the arteries when vitamin D, was withdrawn. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 545–5562. 1979.
IMMUNOPATHOLOGIC STUDIES OF RENAL GLOMERULAR CHANGE IN LIVER CIRRHOSIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS PATHOGENESIS
Authors: Masugi Yozo , Ishizaki Masamichi , Fukuda Yuh , Sano Junjiro , Kogoshi Takeo , Maekawa Akira , Sugisaki Yuichi
Published: December 2008

The kidneys from 62 proven liver cirrhosis cases were examined by immunofluorescence (IF), and 94% of the cases were positive for some immune reactants deposition. Combined deposition of immunoglobulin(s), both or each one of Clq and C4, and further with C3 were observed in about 70% of all IF positive cases. The morphological alterations of the glomeruli correlated with the intensities of regional immune reactants depositions. Guinea pig C3 was frequently activated in vitro on the glomeruli of these cases. Immune reactants depositions in the glomeruli appeared to form immune complex locally. Smooth muscle and liver cell antigens in the immune complex at the glomeruli were examined by indirect method of IF using monospecific antibodies and positive cases concerning each antigen were found in about 1/3 of the kidneys from 21 liver cirrhosis cases. These facts suggest that the high rate of the occurrence of immune com.plex deposition type glomerulo‐nephritis may be due to the glomerular deposition of some autoantigen‐antibody complexes including smooth muscle and liver cell antigens. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 571–583, 1979.
DIFFERENT HISTOLOGICAL MANIFESTATION OF GLOMERULAR LESIONS IN FAMILIAL SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: Shigematsu Hidekazu , Irabu Noritsugu , Ishii Toyonobu , Shishido Hideo
Published: December 2008

Lupus nephritis in a sister and brother pair was histologically analyzed. The 12‐year‐old sister showed clinically progressive renal failure and her renal pathology disclosed segmental necrotizing and disorganizing glomeru‐lonephritis. On the contrary, the 14‐year‐old brother exhibited nephrotic syndrome and his renal biopsy showed diffuse exudative and proliferative glomerulonephritis with segmental membraneous changes. Although the familial incidence of SLE suggests both genetic and environmental factors existing in the background of SLE of identical twins and siblings, the differences of clinical manifestation and histopathological findings imply that there might be little direct genetic and environmental control on determining the expression of the disease. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 607–613, 1979.
NONPAPILLARY CARCINOMA IN SITU OF THE URINARY BLADDER
Authors: Iwasaki Hiroshi , Enjoji Munetomo , Kano Motonori
Published: December 2008

Three cases of primary nonpapillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder diagnosed by urinary cytology and multiple biopsies were reported. Bladder specimens of two of the patients were totally embedded for step‐sections that were mapped after histopathologic study. Atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ with foci of microscopic invasion affected thebladder mucosa and extended continuously to the distal ureters as well as prostatic urethra. Multicentric distribution of the abnormal epithelium was deflnite in one case, and the bladder mucosa was extensively denuded in the other case. Metastasis to one of the regional lymph nodes was noted in the remaining one case. The origin of Pagetoid cells occurring in two of the cases is obscure, but we presume that these cells may represent transformed tumor cells showing differentiation toward the surface umbrella cells, or they are derived from Brunn's nests where the cells may gain potential to differentiate to glandular epithelium. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 623–633, 1979.
NON‐TRAUMATIC URINIFEROUS PSEUDOCYST.
Authors: Manabe Toshiaki , Nasu Yoshikatsu , Yamagishi Yuko
Published: December 2008

A non‐traumatic uriniferous pseudocyst was incidentally found at autopsy in a patient with invasive urothelial carcinoma involving ureteral oriflcee. Massive paraaortic lymph node involvement by the metastatic tumor in addition to the ureteral obstruction was considered responsible for the formation of uriniferous pseudocyst. The pertinent clinical history and autopsy flndinge are presented and a possible mechanism of pseudocyst formation is discussed. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 635–641, 1979.
TYPE C PARTICLES IN CULTURE OF HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS
Authors: Yutani Chikao , Satoh Masaharu , Kanai Nobulro , Kitamura Hajime , Hori Masaharu , Hayakawa Toru , Nakacawa Hidemitsu , Sakamoto Yukiya , Nakata Yozo
Published: December 2008

A long‐term cell culture of human glioblastoma was investigated microscopically, virologically, and biochemically. Reverse transcriptase activity was detected in cultured human glioblastoma cells. SH uridine was incorporated into particles of buoyant density at 1.07 Q/ml (Ficoll) which is equal to that of Oncorna virus particles, but *H thymidine was not incorporated at all. Furthermore, reverse transcriptase activity was also demonstrated with the particles, suggesting that the cultured human glioblastoma cells were producing type C Oncorna virus. Ultrastructural observations of cell culture of glioblastoma showed type C virus particles in cisternae and culture medium. Budding of the virus was also seen on the surface of the cell. The mean diameter of the particles was approximately 100 nm. Ca. 1.1 nm of spikes protruded from the envelope. Both types of virions were observed, i.e. the doughnut‐shaped type form and the solid circular form.
VALVULAR STRUCTURE AT THE BRANCHING PORTION OF THE HUMAN AORTA
Authors: Tanimura Akira , Yamaguchi Tatsuo , Nakashima Teruyuki
Published: December 2008

The Valvular structure developing at the site from which an artery was given off was examined. The valvular structure consisted mainly of smooth muscle cells, and was found at the openings of such small arteries as the intercostal and lumbar arteries. It was a crescent membrane‐like structure extending from the peripheral edge of the opening to the downstream edge. This structure was indistinct in newborn infants, became gradually distinct in infants and stood out in teen‐agers. It became rather thick and rounded in human beings more than 20 years of age. With further advance in age, the smooth muscle cells became degenerated and hyalinized with some disappearing eventually. In the valvular structure smooth muscle cells running longitudinally in the same direction as the blood stream were arranged in such a manner as a Venetian blind. This arrangement seemed to suggest that the valvular structure might have some function to adjust the blood stream at the branching portion of the aorta. ACTA PATH. JAP.: 669–676, 1979.
ADULT T CELL LEUKEMIA HISTOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Hanaoka Masao , Sasaki Masamichi , Matsumoto Hidetoshi , Tankawa Hidemitsu , Yamabe Hirohiko , Tomimoto Kazuhiko , Tasaka Chikao , Fujiwara Hisayoshi , Uchiyama Takashi , Takatsuki Kiyoshi
Published: December 2008

Adult T cell leukemia was classified into two distinct types, monomorphic and pleomorphic, according to their histological and cytological features. The former type is composed of uniform neoplastic cells with round or slightly indented nuclei without any marked deformation. The latter type, on the other hand, occupies a unique position in lymphocytic leukemias with the following characteristics: a) onset in adulthood, b) an acute and subacute course, c) well‐differentiated T cell origin of the neoplastic cells, d) pleomor‐phism of the neoplstic cells with markedly deformed nuclei, e) difkuse proliferation of the neoplastic cells without nodular pattern, f) histologically heterogeneous features of lymph nodes frequently admixing a cluster of normal lymphocytes, proliferation of macrophages and dendritic cells, and well‐developed high endothelium venules, g) high incidence of skin lesions due to the infiltration of neoplastic cells, and h) exclusively limited localization of patients' birth places.
ENZYME HISTOCHEMISTRY OF NON‐HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMAS
Authors: Mikata Atsuo , Harigaya Kenichi , Suzuki Hiroshi , Ohishi Takao , Tsvrsumi Yutaka , Suzuki Shigeo , Watanabe Shaw , Kageyama Keizo
Published: December 2008

Fifty‐two cases of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas were studied with enzyme histochemical methods. Forty‐four cases of these were also investigated for surface markers with immunological techniques, and results of histochemical, routine histological and immunological observations were correlated. Twenty‐one of 27 B‐cell lymphomas showed prominent ATPase activity, while all 13 T‐cell lymphomas, except one case, did not show such activity. Nodular lymphomas, though of B‐cell nature, were often negative for ATPase and it remained negative after diffuse evolution in some. Four of 7 AlPase positive lymphomas were of B‐cell origin. Dot‐like localized AcPase and β‐glucuronidase activity characterized T‐cell lymphomas while 5 T‐cell PDL, including lymphoblastic type with double markers, showed localized esterase activity. Enzyme histochemical characteristics of lymphomas were fairly honest reflection of those of various functional units in the normal lymph nodes. Enzyme histochemical methods appeared to be a useful tool for the study of lymphomas.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MESODERMAL MIXED TUMOR OF THE UTERUS
Authors: Ishikawa Shinobu , Kaneko Hiroshi , Sumida Toshiko , Sekiya Masao
Published: December 2008

A case of mesodermal mixed tumor arising in the uterus of a 57‐year‐old woman is presented. The tumor was a mixture of adenocarcinoma with occasional squamous metaplasia, stromal sarcoma, myxosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. Light and electron microscopic examinationsof the tumor revealed close transition between stromal sarcomatous component and each of other sarcomatous and carcinomatous component. The histogenesis of mixed mesodermal tumorwas discussed and it was concluded that the tumor might be derived from endometrial stromal cell which possessed the pluripotency to differentiate toward various epithelial and mesenchymal tissues including the heterologous mesenchymal tissue.
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS WITH SYSTEMIC NECROTIZING ARTERITIS
Authors: Koizumi Fumitomo , Pukase Masayuki , Wakaki Kunihiko
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of rheumatoid arthritis with active polyarthritis, systemic necrotizing arteritis, pleuritis, pericarditis, rheumatoid nodules in a few organs and a healing gastric ulcer was reported. Histologically, systemic necrotizing arteritis was characterized by vascular changes of the following three types: Granulomatous arteritis with a characteristic arrangement of mesenchymal cells forming a palisade around coagulation necrosis of media and some of them formed a rheumatoid nodule‐like lesion in the wall (RA type); Fibrinoid arteritis very similar to the Kussmaul‐Maier type periarteritis nodosa (PN type); and chronic arteritis with endarterial proliferation (Ep type). Although it is hard to distinguish arteritis of PN type from the Kussmaul‐Maier type periarteritis nodosa, arteritis of RA type with rheumatoid nodule‐like lesion in the wall may be interpreted as an extremely developed form of vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis.
EFFECT OF PREGNANCY AND ITS RELATED HORMONES ON THE IN VITRO PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF MOUSE SPLEEN CELLS
Authors: Hirokawa Katsuilm , Okayasu Isao , Hatakeyama Shigeru
Published: December 2008

The responsiveness of mouse spleen cells to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) was depressed during pregnancy, especially in the early and late phase. In order to explain this, various pregnancy‐related hormones were tested in terms of their effect on in vitro proliferative activity of lymphocytes when stimulated with either PHA or LPS. It was revealed that progesterone and corticosteroid were the moat effective hormones to suppress in vitro proliferative activity of lymphocytes at the physiological level of concentration. The responsiveness of spleen cells to PHA was more susceptible to progesterone than that to LPS, and female spleen cells were more susceptible to progesterone than male ones. HCG did not show apparent suppressive effect on the responsiveness of spleen cells to the mitogens, but to the contrary showed slight enhancing effect on that. Prolactin and estriol did not show any apparent effect on the mitogenic responsiveness of lymphocytes.
IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES ON SERA FROM PATIENTS WITH PROSTATIC NEOPLASIA AND TYPE C VIRUS‐PRODUCING MOUSE PROSTATE CULTURE CELLS
Authors: Ohtsuki Yuji , Dmochowski Leon , Bowen James M. , Myers Brooks , Johnson Douglas E.
Published: December 2008

In an attempt to detect antibodies in human sera to type C virus, a total of 124 sera from 60 patients with prostatic carcinoma (PCa), 24 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 40 normal donors (ND) were tested by Axed immunofluorescence (FIF) against tissue culture cells of normal prostate of an A/Dm strain mouse infected with Soehner‐Dmochowski murine sarcoma virus (AP‐MSV cells). The results of FIF indicated that 38.3% of PCa, 25% of BPH, and 27.5% of ND were positive. All of the FIF positive sera labeled type C virus particles and plasma membranes by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM), but all of the FIF negative sera tested did not. No labeling was observed after absorption of FIF positive sera with guinea pig kidney powder (GPK). The FIF positive human sera did not block peroxidase labeling of type C particles by antiviral sera, and vice versa. These results indicate that binding sites of human sera and those of antiviral sera on type C virus particles are different.
PERIARTERITIS NODOSA IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Authors: Suzuki Toshimitsu , Oboshi Shoichi , Sato Ryuichi
Published: December 2008

Male SHR rats from Nihon rat Inc. developed spontaneously periarteritis nodosa with high incidence. Macroscopically, periarteritis nodosa was obvious in the mesenteric arteries as bead‐like or lead‐pipe‐like appearance. Microscopically, the lesion was compatible with Abrinoid arteritis and similar to that of human periarteritis nodosa. On the morphological basis, the preceding changes of the artery might be regarded as the medial damage especially of smooth muscle cells. The medial smooth muscle cells underwent degenerative changes and disappeared with an increase in basement‐membrane‐like substance and then the blood plasma and plasma proteins insudated into the subendothelial space frequently with leukocytic inflltration, and resulted in full‐blown Abrinoid arteritis. The initial changes, however, were subdivided into two types according to the arterial size involved. In the large‐sized arteries, leukocytic inflltration or fibrinous insudation without rupture of the internal elastic membrane was frequently observed. In the small‐sized arteries, insudation of blood plasma and dissolution of the internal elastic membrane occurred simultaneously.
PATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: Kamei Toshiaki
Published: December 2008

The formation of amyloid in adjuvant granuloma induced in AKR and C3H/He mice by intraperitoneal single injection of complete Freund's adjuvant mixed with Mycobacterium butyricum was studied by electron microscope. Amyloid appeared in close association with macrophages in the adjuvant Qranuloma at first. These macrophages were characterized by well‐developed Golgi apparatus, several proAles of granular endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes. Membrane‐limited inclusions with Abrillar structure were prominent in their cytoplasms in the vicinity of the well‐oriented amyloid fibrils. These inclusions might have an intimate relation with amyloid formation. The author suggests that macrophages, one of the cellular components of adjuvant granuloma are the most likely candidate for amyloid producer.
FOCAL ATROPHY OF THE SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE IN THE HUMAN TESTIS
Authors: Hatakeyama Shigeru , Takizawa Touichiro , Kawahara Yutaka
Published: December 2008

Three types of focal atrophy of the seminiferous tubule, A, B and A+B type, were recognized in the 250 testes obtained from human subjects who died of acute death. The A‐type consists of complete hyalinized scarring of the tubule and the B‐type of varing degrees of tubular collapse. The A+B type shows combined atrophy of A and B‐type in which B‐type occurs peripherally to A‐type occlusion in sequence and might be induced by local obstruction of luminal flow. Focal tubulitis is uncommon but has been observed in the A+B type atrophy which is characterized by sperm retention and the presence of sperm‐phagocytic macrophages in the lumen. Areas around the rete testis and periseptal zones of the testis are preferential sites for tubular atrophy. B‐type atrophy as an abortive form of A‐type is predominant in the younger groups of the second to third decades, and the incidence of A‐type increases after the fifth decade. It is suggested that A and B‐type are brought about by locally limited ischemia in relation to circulatory disturbance with arteriolar hyalinosis which commonly appears focally in the postpuberal testis.
ACCELERATION OF AGE‐RELATED CHANGES IN THE IMMUNITY AND ENDOCRINE ORGANS BY ADULT THYMECTOMY
Authors: Hayashi Yoshio , Hirokawa Katsuiku
Published: December 2008

Long‐lived B6C3F1 female mice were adult thymectombed (aTX) at 6 weeks of age, and the effect of aTX was observed from immunological and histopathological viewpoints up to 24 months of age. Anti‐SRBC antibody response in aTX group showed apparently accelerated decline with age as compared with age‐matched control. Mitogenic responsiveness of spleen and lymph node cells to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) in aTX group showed slightly accelerated decline with age, although statistically not significant except for the responsiveness of spleen cells to PHA. These results indicate that thymic function to induce helper T cells was maintained throughout life although declining with age, but its function to induce PHA‐and Con A‐responsive T cells disappeared in early stage of life. Histopathologically, the age‐related changes of the endocrine organs were apparently accelerated in aTX group, suggesting that normal function of endocrine organs appeared to have any correlation with normal function of the thymus throughout life. The aTX increased the incidence of spontaneously occurring reticulum cell sarcoma in aged mice, supporting the concept of immunological surveillance.
ARHINENCEPHALY WITH NORMAL KARYOTYPE ASSOCIATED WITH HYPOCALCEMIC CONVULSION
Authors: Miyasaki Kichihei , Mimura Keiko , Inagaki Yuko , Nakamura Akira , Negishi Hirokuni , Akiyama Hiroshi , Okamoto Michihiko , Sugioka Kozo , Nakamura Kazushige
Published: December 2008

The patient was a male infant who was born at the 39th week of gestation. He had cleft lips and palate, low set ears, myogenic torticollis in the left neck, clubhand in both 5th fingers, dysplasia of the penis, and cryptorchism. Although he had convulsion due to hypocalcemia 9 days after birth, this improved 25 days after birth by the administration of a calcium agent. Five months after birth, cleft lip plastics were performed. Six months after birth, an apnea attack occurred and cyanosis was observed during examination of the optic fundi. Two days later, he died. Chromosomal analyses has revealed a normal chromosome karyotype 17 days and again 4th months after birth. Autopsy findings showed the brain to be normally separated into two cerebral hemispheres but lacking in olfactory bulbi and tracts. Also observed were an atrio‐septal cardiac defect, Meckel's diverticulum in the lower small intestine, and enlarged renal pelves. Retinal and choroid defects were seen at the sites where giant papillae were found in examination of the optic fundi.
BREAST CARCINOMA METASTATIC TO UTERINE LEIOMYOMA
Authors: Manabe Toshiaki , Fukuya Takashi , Tsukayama Chotatsu
Published: December 2008

Two cases of breast carcinoma metastatic to uterine leiomyoma are presented. A review of literature disclosed fourteen cases of extrapelvic carcinoma with a metastasis to uterine leiomyoma, ten of which were of breast carcinoma. The high incidence of breast carcinoma among such tumors (75%) suggests some intimacy between these two tumors. It is speculated that the common property of their development by estrogenic stimulation may be responsible for the establishment of such an assodation.
HISTIOCYTIC MEDULLARY RETICULOSIS
Authors: Toyoda Hiroshi , Kawaguchi Yukihiro , Akai Keiichiro
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of histiocytic medullary reticulosis (HMR) in a 55‐year‐old man is presented. The initial complaint of the patient was an unusual skin lesion on the right upper arm, and subsequently developed generalized erythematous skin lesions which regressed during the course of the illness. The clinical symptoms and course of the disease were those of HMR. The affected organs were lymph nodes, spleen, liver and bone marrow as well as the skin, in which erythrophagocytic histiocytes predominated in abnormal cells of the histiocytic series. Phagocytic histiocytes had large amounts of cholesterol and small amounts of phospholipids which might be originated from the ingested erythrocytes. The electron microscopy suggested the presence of phospholipid‐cholesterol interaction in the phagocytic histiocytes.
LYMPH FOLLICULAR CHOLECYSTITIS
Authors: Hatae Yasutaka , Kikuchi Masahiro
Published: December 2008

Ten cases of cholecystitis with severe lymphocytic reactions were selected among serially examined 131 cases of cholecystitis or/and cholelithiasis. Gram‐negative bacterial infection, especially E. coli and K. pneumonia seemed to be related as the cause of these severe lymphocytic reactions, but the gallstone revealed no definite influence. We would like to separate the cases with severe lymphocytic reactions as a lymph follicular cholecystitis and consider the possibility of a gram‐negative bacterial infection in bile.
SYNDROME OF THE SEA‐BLUE HISTIOCYTE —The First Case Report in Japan and Review of the Literature—
Authors: Tachibana Fuminori , Hakozaki Hando , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Kojima Mizu , Enomoto Satoru , Wada Junji
Published: December 2008

A case of the syndrome of sea‐blue histiocyte is presented in a 53‐year‐old Japanese woman, which is the first recorded case in Japan. The patient had hepatosplenomegaly, bleeding manifestations, mild thrombocytopenia, fatty metamorphosis and cirrhosis of the liver, as well as abnormal serum lipid profiles. Her parents were consanguineous and her maternal grandmother with hepatomegaly died of hepatic failure. Histologically, peculiar histiocytes containing numerous, intracytoplasmic sea‐blue stained granules on May‐Giemsa stain were demonstrated in biopsy materials of the bone marrow, lymph node and liver. The sea‐blue granules in these histiocytes proved to have histochemical staining characteristics of lipogenic ceroid‐like pigment. Ultrastructurally, these granules showed membrane‐bound, pleomorphic inclusions of heterogeneous nature, including electron‐dense amorphous or variegatedly osmiophilic, frequently laminated materials. Enzyme cyto‐chemically, localization of acid phosphatase activity was demonstrated in and around the intracytoplasmic inclusions. With regard to the pathogenesis of the sea‐blue histiocytes in this case, it may be suggested that the existence of the abnormality in lipid metabolism plays an imporant role in intralysosomal ceroidogenesis in these histiocytes.
MALIGNANT TERATOMA OF THE THYROID GLAND IN AN ADOLESCENT FEMALE
Authors: Murao Tsuyoshi , Nakanishi Masami , Toda Kanji , Konishi Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

Malignant teratoma of the thyroid gland was found in a 19‐year‐old female. She was given a combined surgical and irradiation treatment. The tumor was 5.0·4.0·3.6 cm and located in the lower right lobe of the thyroid gland. Light and electron microscopical examinations revealed mature or immature derivatives of the three primordial germ layers. The dominant portion of the tumor was composed of numerous masses of cancerous epithelial cells, which were distributed randomly in the mesenchymal tissue. Tumor cells invaded and replaced the surrounding thyroid tissue with occasional tumor thrombi in the lumens of blood vessels. No metastatic tumor was found in the lymph nodes. The patient was given a course of external irradiation, a total dose of 4000 rads, to the right thyroid area. Eight months after surgery, she is well and without any evidence of recurrence or metastasis.
FARBER'S DISEASE (DISSEMINATED LIPOGRANULOMATOSIS)— A Pathological, Histochemical and Ultrastructural Study—
Authors: Tanaka Toshio , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Hakozaki Hando , Kimoto Hiroshi , Suzuki Yoshiyuki
Published: December 2008

The first case of Farber's disease in Japan was reported, which was confirmed clinically, biochemically and pathologically. Soon after birth, the patient started developing hoarseness, stridor, fever, muscle hypotonous with retarded psychomotor functions including incapability of sitting alone and head control, joint swelling, subcutaneous nodules, albuminocytologic dissociation in cerebrospinal fluid, nodular corneal opacity, and abnormal findings in electroencephalogram. Lipid analysis on the material obtained from a subcutaneous nodule confirmed the presence of ceramide. Pathologically, the subcutanoues nodules were made up of granulomatous lesions displaying varied histological pictures, i.e., from cellular to fibrous areas depending on the disease progress. In the beginning, cells were mostly spindle‐shaped, and as these cells were getting more round and larger, cells manifested the morphology of foam cells. Spindle‐shaped cells were positive for periodic acid‐Schiff and acid mucopolysaccharide stainings. This particular substance disappeared almost entirely in typical foam cells. Electron microscopically, the cytoplasm of foam cells was filled with membrane‐bound storage inclusions which consisted of so‐called curvilinear tubular structures. Morphogenesis of the granulomatous lesions and histochemical and ultrastructural correlation of storage cells in this disorder were discussed.
EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS GLUCOCORTICOIDS GIVEN DURING THE TERMINAL STAGES ON THE ADRENOCORTICAL HISTOLOGY
Authors: Aiba Motohiko , Kageyama Keizo , Koide Osamu , Tokugawa Hirotake
Published: December 2008

The adrenal histology of 107 adult autopsy cases hospitalized within 8 days before death was examined. Thirteen (21.7%) of 60 cases given glucocorticoids within 24 hr of death showed the zona reticularis and lower zona fasciculata composed of clear type cells, while only two (4.2%) of the remaining 47 cases without corticoid administration showed the same histology. The difference was significant (p < 0.05), and it was referred to the exogenous corticoids. Administration of adrenalin and/or noradrenalin did not significantly influence the adrenocortical histoloy. The effect of the corticoids depended partly on the diseases from which the patients suffered: the effect was not observed in cases of severe infection or myocardial infarction, but it was shown in cases of cerebral apoplexy and miscellaneous diseases. The above results, on the basis of clear/compact cell morphology, suggest that exogenous glucocorticoids occasionally suppress the pituitary release of ACTH under the stress of dying.
BREAST CANCER AMONG ATOMIC BOMB SURVIVORS
Authors: Tokunaga Masayoshi
Published: December 2008

Three hundred and sixty cases of breast cancer were collected from among the 63,000 female members of the Radiation Effect Research Foundation (RERF) extended Life Span Study sample which includes atomic bomb exposed women and controls of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The relationship of these breast cancer cases to A‐bomb radiation was sought, and in studying of 5‐year survival, the following conclusions were obtained concerning its relationship to histopathological findings. The prognosis of the 50+ rad high dose group is the best, followed by the nonexposed group and the low dose group. The apparently better survival may be due to the fact that this group is heavily weighted in favor of those who were younger at the time of the bomb (ATB). There is no specificity of the histologic type of breast cancer in the survivors by dose. Nor is any significant difference observed in the distribution of tumor size and histological grade, though the survival rates of this series are worse than those of usual Japanese women with breast cancer. Cellular reaction is significantly marked in the stroma of carcinoma tissue in the high dose group. Immune reaction is considered to be strong in the affected site of breast cancer in the high dose group and this can be regarded as a finding suggestive of good prognosis. Further extended studies are therefore warrented.
INTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCT DESTRUCTION IN A PATIENT WITH SARCOIDOSIS AND CHRONIC INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS
Authors: Nakanuma Yasuni , Ohta Goroku , Yamazaki Yoshikiyo , Doishita Kenji
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of sarcoidosis with chronic intrahepatic cholestasis for 2 and a half years was presented. Generalized distribution of noncaseating epithelioid granulomas and positive Kveim test were consistent with sarcoidosis. Histological examination of the liver revealed extensive bile duct destruction similar to that seen in the liver of primary biliary cirrhosis. Destructive cholangitis found in the liver appeared to be responsible for long term intrahepatic cholestasis, and no sarcoid granulomas in the liver were found to destroy any bile duct. The possible relation in pathogenesis of the bile duct destruction between primary biliary cirrhosis and sarcoidosis was discussed.
MELANOSOMES IN THE ACINAR CELLS OF PARANASAL SINUSAL GLANDS FOUND IN A CASE OF NASAL MALIGNANT MELANOMA
Authors: Kamei Toshiaki , Ishihara Tokuhiro , Nakamura Hidenori , Imada Naoki , Fujihara Shigeyoshi , Uchino Fumiya , Matsumoto Noboru
Published: December 2008

Fine structures of melanosomes incidentally found in the secretory cells of the paranasal sinusal glands associated with nasal malignant melanoma are described and their origin is discussed. It is suggested that these melanosomes in the secretory cells are not de novo products but are ingested by cytocrine process.
CARCINOMA IN HETEROTOPIC GASTRIC PANCREAS
Authors: Tanimura Akira , Yamamoto Hideo , Shibata Hidenori , Sano Eijiro
Published: December 2008

A case of a 55‐year‐old Japanese female who died of adenocarcinoma originating from heterotopic gastric pancreas is presented. The autopsy revealed, extensive metastases of bones. Though careful examination was done, other primary focus except that of the stomach could not be detected. In review of literatures, 11 malignant tumors originating from heterotopic gastric pancreas could be found including our case.
INFANTILE GM1‐GANGLIOSIDOSIS WITH MARKED MANIFESTATION OF LUNGS
Authors: Matsumoto Toshiharu , Matsumori Hideaki , Taki Takushi , Takagi Toshitaka , Fukuda Yoshiro
Published: December 2008

GM1‐gangliosidosis is a disease characterized by abnormal accumulation of GM1‐ganglioside in the brain and viscera. The disease is characterized by clinical findings similar to Hurler's disease and pathologic features resembling Niemann‐Pick's disease but with involvement of the glomerular epithelium. A 14‐month‐old boy, clinically diagnosed as GM1‐gangliosidosis, died of respiratory insufficency and was autopsied except for the brain. Biochemically, marked increase of GM‐ganglioside in the viscera was demonstrated. Pathologically, the foam cells were present in the viscera. Some parts of the cytoplasmic vacuoles in the lungs and spleen contained osmiophilic fibrillar material electron‐microscopically. This case was characterized by marked accumulation of foam cells in the pulmonary alveolar spaces.
VASCULAR LEIOMYOBLASTOMA OF THE STOMACH –Observations Supporting Its Origin from Zimmermann's Pericyte–
Authors: Eimoto Tadaaki , Miyake Masafusa , Sasaki Teruo
Published: December 2008

Gastric leiomyoblastoma with small mesenteric metastasis in a 44‐year‐old man has been studied by light and electron microscopy. Histologically, the tumor, having “epithelioid” tumor cells mixed with spindle leiomyomatous cells, was rich in blood vessels and focally simulated hemangiopericytoma. Electron microscopy revealed the tumor cells in variable stages of differentiation from poorly differentiated polygonal cells to smooth muscular cells. The intermediate cells had numerous cytoplasmic processes which interlocked each other. In addition, an intimate association was noted between the tumor cell processes and the small vessels including capillaries. With the recent characterization of the pericyte as a pluripotent mesenchymal cell that may serve as a precursor to the vascular smooth muscle cell, the present observations support the view that some leiomyoblastomas originate from the pericyte of Zimmermann. Leiomyoblastoma may be placed between hemangiopericytoma and glomus tumor in the spectrum of pericytic tumors.
PRIMITIVE NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR (NEUROEPITHELIOMA) OF SPINAL NERVE ROOT–Report of an Adult Case and Establishment of a Cell Line–
Authors: Ishikawa Shinobu , Ohshima Yoshihiko , Suzuki Toshimitsu , Oboshi Shoichi
Published: December 2008

A case of primitive neuroectodermal tumor arising in the cervical nerve root of a 28‐year‐old man is presented. Histologically, the tumor was characterised by proliferation of primitive neuroectodermal cells and formation of numerous Homer‐Wright type rosettes. A cell line (Nagal line) was established from the tumor. Electron microscopic examination of Nagai cells revealed numerous microrosette formation with microvilli‐like cytoplasmic processes projecting into the central lumina. Neurosecretory granules appeared in the cytoplasmic processes when Nagai cells were treated with dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Primitive satellite cells which completely surrounded other tumor cells with their tongue‐like slender cytoplasmic processes were also found. Histogenesis of this unique tumor was discussed comparing with the neuroblastoma of sympathetic nervous system, medulloblastoma of the central nervous system, and with the tumors induced by Adenovirus type 12 in animals. It was concluded that the tumor was neuroepithelioma derived from a primitive stem cell of neural crest origin which possesses the bipotency to differentiate toward either neuroblastic or neurilemmal line.
GAUCHER‐LIKE CELLS IN JUVENILE GM1‐GANGLIOSIDOSIS AND IN β‐THALASSEMIA–A Histochemical and Ultrastructural Observation–
Authors: Hakozaki Hando , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Naito Makoto , Kojima Mizu , Koizumi Yukio , Ninomiya Norio
Published: December 2008

Peculiar storage cells appearing in bone marrow aspirates from a patient with juvenile GM1‐gangliosidosis and from one with β‐thalassemia were examined light microscopically, histochemically and electron microscopically. Light microscopically, most of the storage cells closely resembled Gaucher cells pathognomonic for Gaucher's disease. The cytoplasm of the Gaucher‐like cells contained numerous variable‐shaped, membrane‐bound inclusions mostly arranged in a mosaic pattern and filled with fibrillar materials. Intermingled tubular structures were usually narrow as compared to those of the Gaucher cells. These ultrastructural differences of the stored materials between the Gaucher‐like cells and Gaucher cells were more clearly substantiated by the high resolution electron microscopy with negative staining technique. Enzyme cytochemically, acid phosphatase activity was proved in or around the storage inclusions, suggesting their lysosomal origin. Histochemically, it might be suggested that the stored materials of the Gaucher‐like cells in juvenile GM1‐gangliosidosis were non‐sulfated acid mucopolysaccharides and glycopeptides, whereas glycoproteins were the major component of the storage cells in β‐thalassemia. Possible mechanisms of storage in the Gaucher‐like cells were discussed in both disorders.
REACTIVE LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA OF THE STOMACH
Authors: Mori Shigeo , Mohri Noboru , Shimamine Tetsuro
Published: December 2008

The surgically excised stomachs were re‐examined histopathologically, and eighteen cases were placed in the category of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH). The distribution and the classes of infiltrating immunoglobulin (Ig) bearing cells were examined on lesions of RLH cases together with ten histopathologically determined malignant lymphomas (ML) of the stomach and the control stomachs. It was found that in eleven cases of RLH and one case of ML, many lymphoid cells bearing different classes of Ig were present in those lesions in an intermingled way (polyspecific group). Meanwhile, lymphoid cells in three RLH cases and two ML cases bore only a single mono‐specific Ig (monospecific group). In other cases, the number of Ig bearing cells were not sufficient to reach any clear conclusions (undetermined group). It was speculated that regardless of the histopathological diagnosis, the mono‐specific group might belong to the category of neoplasm of B cell type and the polyspecific group in the category of true reactive process. The possible histopathological criteria for differentiation of the reactive process and lymphoid neoplasm of the stomach were re‐checked, and the importance of immunohistochemical study on these cases were stressed.
General Pathology Of Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Amano Shigeru , Hazama Fumitada , Kubagawa Hiromi , Tasaka* Kachio , Haebara Hideyuki , Hamashima Yoshihiro
Published: December 2008

Systemic pathological alterations were studied in thirty‐seven autopsied patients with Kawasaki disease. Systemic vasculitis was the most characteristic pathological finding and was present in all the patients. In addition to the vasculitis, there was a high incidence of inflammatory lesions in various organs and tissues: in the heart, endocarditis, myocarditis, and pericarditis; in the digestive system, stomatitis, sialoduct‐adenitis, catarrhal enteritis, hepatitis, cholangitis, pancreatitis, and pancreas ductitis; in the respiratory system, bronchitis and segmental interstitial pneumonia; in the urinary system, focal interstitial nephritis, cystitis, and prostatitis; in the nervous system, aseptic leptomeningitis, choriomeningitis, ganglionitis, and neuritis; in the hematopoietic system, lymphadenitis, splenitis, and thymitis. Dermatitis, panniculitis or myositis were also observed in some patients. Therefore, Kawasaki disease is a systemic inflammatory disease which mainly affects the cardiovascular system. These systemic inflammatory lesions are considered to correspond to the variegated clinical manifestaitions. The relationship between Kawasaki disease and infantile polyarteritis nodosa (IPN) were discussed, based on the clinicopathological characteristics.
A LIGHT‐ AND ELECTRON‐MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE SO‐CALLED UNI‐VISCERAL SHWARTZMAN REACTION
Authors: Shiga Junji , Mori Wataru
Published: December 2008

A morphological study was made on a particular model of Shwartzman reaction which was so designed as to occur mainly in the liver with minimal influence to the other parts of the body. The study was mainly focused on its mechanism; the role of the granulocytes, Kupffer cells, platelets and precipitated fibrin. It was revealed that Kupffer cells were severely damaged by the first, preparative injection and the most conspicuous finding after the second, provocative injection was marked granulocytic infiltration followed by massive hepatic cell necrosis. The infiltrating granulocytes sticked to the endothelium, degenerated Kupffer cells, or other granulocytes and, often aggregated around precipitated fibrin. The erythrocytes in the sinusoid also showed aggregation after the provocative injection of the endotoxin, which was, however, rather loose and easily washed out from the sinusoid by perfusion. It is suggested from the above observations that aggregation of granulocytes as well as precipitated fibrin plays an important role to disturb blood stream mechanically and leads to massive necrosis in the liver.