bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness Regarding Periodontal Health Among Diabetic Patients Visiting A Tertiary Care Centre In Eastern Nepal
Authors: Neupane Manju , Katwal Mahima , Thakur Mansi , Nath Jha Tirth , Kumar Abhishek , Shrestha Ashish , Bhagat Tarakant , Kumari Agrawal Santosh
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontitis have a bidirectional relationship, each exacerbating the other’s complications. Periodontal disease is considered as the ‘sixth’ complication of diabetes. The adverse relationship between the two diseases is bidirectional. Raising awareness about oral hygiene and treating periodontal issues are essential to mitigate diabetes-related complications and improve overall oral health.
Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study among a total of 403 diabetic patients visiting out-patient department of Internal Medicine at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, a questionnaire was used to assess awareness of periodontal health among diabetic patients.
Results: The results indicated that the general public is less aware of the increased risk of oral diseases in diabetes. Only a minority of the respondents, 127 (31.43%), were aware of the link between poor oral health and the development of disease. 178 (44.05%) believed that diabetic patients are more likely to have swollen/tender gums, and 89 (22.02%) believed that diabetics are more prone to developing fungal infections in their mouth. Furthermore, only 70 (17.32%) of the respondents thought that diabetic patients have gum problems more often if their blood sugar remains high and only 76 (18.81%) believed that gum disease can negatively affect blood sugar control in diabetic patients.
Conclusion: These data reveal a lack of knowledge about the oral manifestation of Diabetes Mellitus. Health professionals in dentistry and medicine must collaborate on educational programs to raise awareness about these oral manifestations, aiming to improve oral health and reduce the risk of oral diseases effectively.
Relationship of Various Anatomic Landmarks with the Midline of Face and Oral Commissure
Authors: Regmi Sirishchandra , Pradhan Joshi Sarita , Shrestha Pragya , Kumar Sah Sanjay , Verma Nand
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Currently, there are no exact guidelines which to choose specific anatomic landmarks while determining the midline of the face or midline of the mouth. The purpose of this study was to determine the hierarchy of facial anatomic landmarks closest to the midline of the face as well as midline of the oral commissure mouth.
Methods: Anatomical landmarks Nasion, tip of the nose, and tip of the philtrum, were marked clinically on 100 subjects (age range: 20-35 years). Frontal full-face digital images of the subjects in smiling position were then made under standardized conditions. A total of 97 subjects met the inclusion criteria. Upon applying exclusion criteria, images of 73 subjects were used for midline analysis using a concept called the Esthetic Frame. One sample t tests were conducted at alpha values of .005.Results: The results indicated that anatomic landmarks soft tissue nasion, tip of nose, tip of papillae and dental midline deviated uniquely and significantly (P <.005) from the midlines of the face as well as the mouth (oral commissure).
Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, the hierarchy of anatomic landmarks closest to the midline of the face in smile was as follows: the midline of the oral commissures, natural dental midline, tip of philtrum, nasion, and tip of the nose. The hierarchy of anatomic landmarks closest to the midline of the oral commissures was: natural dental midline, tip of philtrum, nasion and tip of nose.
West Syndrome in a Nepalese Boy: A Case Report
Authors: K.C. Rajesh , Poudel Reet , Sah Shyam Nandan , Uprety Saroj
Published: April 2022

West syndrome is characterized by the triad of epileptic spasms, arrest of psychomotor development, and hypsarrhythmia. It usually begins during the first year of life. We present a case of West syndrome in a child of 2 years.
Knowledge Assessment of Engineering College Students of Vellore City, India Regarding Mental Illness
Authors: K C Shreejana , Sathiyaseelan Manoranjitham , Gopalakrishanan Rajesh , Mani Thenmozhi , Lama Nishant
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Globally, mental disorders are increasing making a huge impact on health, social, human rights, and the economy where no countries are an exception. Evidence has shown that lack of information leads to poor knowledge even affecting attitudes toward persons with mental illness and stigmatization which affects persons suffering from mental illness, making them less likely to seek help from relevant mental health professionals However, there is scanty evidence on knowledge of college students in Vellore, India. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of engineering college students regarding mental illness.
Methods: It was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted among undergraduate engineering students. Total enumeration sampling techniques were applied to collect information from 1140 students. Self-administered Knowledge questionnaire was used to gather information. All those information was entered in Epi-Data and analyzed in SPSS version 16. Results were described by calculating the mean, standard deviation, and percentage. Further Bivariate analysis was done using t-test, f-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlations test as per the nature of variables.
Results: More than half (52%) of students had inadequate knowledge regarding mental illness. Branch of study, parent occupation, and education, biology as a study background in higher secondary were found to be detrimental to the knowledge of the mental illness.
Conclusions: Poor knowledge of mental illness was found to be prevalent in Vellore among engineering college students. It is recommended to plan courses related to mental health for non-medical college students and provide awareness programs.
Temporomandibular Disorders among Police Personnel Visiting Nepal Police Hospital
Authors: Regmi Sirishchandra , Shrestha Arli , Mehta Pawan , Tandukar Anjali
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are prevalent among various occupational groups and can impact job performance and overall well-being. This study investigates the prevalence of TMD among police personnel and explores its association with age, gender, and departmental affiliations.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 72 police personnel. Data on demographic characteristics, departmental affiliations, and the presence of TMD symptoms were collected through self-reported questionnaires. Statistical analyses were performed to identify any significant associations between TMD and the demographic variables.
Results: The study sample comprised 72 police personnel, with 43.1% below 30 years of age, 47.2% between 31-40 years, and 9.7% above 40 years. Gender distribution showed 72.2% male and 27.8% female. Departmental affiliations included Administration (40.3%), Field (8.3%), Traffic (23.6%), and Technical (27.8%). Overall, 34.7% of police personnel reported mild TMD symptoms. The prevalence of TMD varied across age groups, with 38.7% in those below 30 years, 29.4% in the 31-40 age group, and 42.9% in those above 40 years. Among females, 25.0% had TMD, compared to 38.5% of males. Departmental analysis revealed TMD prevalence of 44.8% in Administration, 16.7% in Field, 41.2% in Traffic, and 20.0% in Technical departments. None of these differences were statistically significant.
Conclusion: This study identifies the presence of TMD among police personnel, with variations observed across different age groups, genders, and departmental affiliations. Although the differences were not statistically significant, the findings highlight the need for targeted occupational health interventions. Regular screening for TMD and stress reduction programs could be beneficial for improving the well-being and job performance of police personnel.
Retention and Caries Preventive Effects of Glass Ionomer and Resin Sealants in School-Aged Children: A Comparative Clinical Study
Authors: Sharma Shreebindu , Koirala Bandana , Dali Mamta , birajee Gajendra
Published: April 2022

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Epidemiology and Etiology of Chronic Abdominal Pain in Children: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Kayastha Madhusudan , Agrawal Sumit , Shrestha Sanjeet Kumar , Basnet Chandra Kiran , Joshi Hari Om , Adhikari Santosh
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Chronic abdominal pain (CAP) is most common in children. Functional abdomen pain is most common in children with comorbid mental health conditions. The presence of alarm symptoms justifies further diagnostic testing. The study is aimed to identify the cause of chronic abdominal pain among children presenting to gastroenterology.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted among children visited Gastroenterology OPD of a tertiary pediatric hospital from 1st April, 2023 to 1st July, 2023. The diagnosis of CAP done with history and the examination. The demographics and clinical features and investigation were collected and transcribed in Microsoft excel sheet and analyzed the descriptive study with SPSS version 20.
Results: A total of 81 children were diagnosed with chronic pain abdomen with mean age 6.88 ± 3.42 years. In 18.5% of children had ≤ 2 defecations per week, 23.5% had fecal incontinence. Functional constipation was the most common diagnosis noted in 80.2% and Polyethylene glycol 3350 was used for treatment in 51.9%.
Conclusion: Among the children presenting with chronic abdominal pain functional constipation is the most common disorder which can be managed with laxatives without need for extensive investigations.
PAP Smear in Pregnant Women: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Thapa Sumana , Acharya Indira , Khadka Shailaja , Thapa Sumitra , Kunwar Shova
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Pregnancy provides an important opportunity to screen the cervix for neoplastic and infectious diseases and to spread awareness. A Papanicolaou(Pap) smear is simple, cost effective and safe during pregnancy. In low resource countries, this may be the only opportunity when woman visits a health care centre. Objective of this study is to use Pap smear as a cervical cancer screening test in pregnant women and to determine the prevalence of abnormal Pap smear among pregnant women attending the antenatal outpatient department.
Methods: A prospective study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Shree Birendra Hospital for a period of 12 months from September 2020 to August 2021. Inclusion criteria was pregnant women in the first trimester. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy greater than 12 weeks, symptoms of vaginal infection, history of sexual intercourse or vaginal medication or bleeding in the last 48 hours or normal Pap smear in last 3 years. Ayre’s spatula was used to conduct smear test in this study. All the smears were immediately fixatived in 95% ethanol and sent to the department of pathology. The cytological result were reported on the Bethesteda classification system 2014.
Results: Out of 300 pregnant women enrolled in the study, the Pap smear report revealed that 28.3% of the study subjects had inflammatory smear 65.7% of the subjects showed negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy and only 0.3% of subjects had Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS). No satisfactory sample was reported in 5.7% of the subjects.
Conclusions: The antenatal period should be utilized as an opportunity to screen women for cancer cervix. Pap smear during pregnancy not only gives the opportunity to screen but also helps to create awareness.
The Importance Of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells In Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Mukhwana Wanyonyi Kennedy
Published: April 2022

Previous studies which helped researchers to understand embryonic development revealed multiple aspects of differentiated of human somatic cells into various types of cells. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are somatic cells that are reprogrammed using certain factors that possesses pluripotent property that leads to self-proliferation and/or differentiation into various other cell types. The recent advancements using induced pluripotent stem cells have opened multiple avenues of research related to therapies. This has led to an enormous interest among scientists regarding its application ranging from regenerative medicine to modeling diseases. For example, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease among others could be treated with iPSC therapy or replacement tissues. In this review, we discuss the importance of iPSCs in the clinical perspective of treatment and management of disease.
An Unusual Case Of Ileal Atresia: A Case Report
Authors: Agrawal Aniket
Published: April 2022

Background: Congenital cardiovascular abnormalities are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric age group. GI system problems are not uncommon in patients with congenital cardiovascular abnormalities. These GI problems include both that are associated with the congenital defect, or they may occur due to cardiopulmonary bypass use to treat these problems, which can cause a redistribution and thus a decrease in blood flow leading to ischemia.

Case: Male child, 25 days of life, was antenatally diagnosed to have a congenital heart defect, which on post-natal ECHO was diagnosed as Mixed Anamolous TAPVC with an Anterior Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD). After the TAPVC re-routing correction was done, on post-op day 3, the child developed abdominal distension and a pediatric surgical referral was taken. On examination, the child had fever, tachycardia and sluggish bowel sounds. Imaging suggested ileus which was managed conservatively. Patient was later started on oral feels which were not tolerated well so an exploratory laparotomy was planned which revealed distal ileal atresia. The anomaly was corrected in the same surgery and post-op course was uneventful.

Conclusion: To summarize everything that has been stated so far, in neonates even with the history of stool passage, ileal atresia should still be considered as one of the differentials, particularly after the common ones have been ruled out.
Coronavirus, Immunity And Vaccination
Authors: Amine Sara
Published: April 2022

The central purpose of this article is to understand what the coronavirus is and how people can fight against this virus. Every person can get coronavirus and getting hospitalization, severe signs and in sometimes death. To avoid all these risks, several factors and conditions are important to have a good immune system that can fight against any type of viruses especially coronavirus. After 2 years of this pandemic, doctors and associations conclude that the best way to stay safe is to take the vaccine. In addition to the vaccine, a good and healthy lifestyle can also improve the immune system. The review highlights the important information like the signs of weakness of the immune system, how to improve it and what are the steps that should be taken to protect others when getting coronavirus.
Treatment Of Non-aesthetic Facial Veins: A Case Study Of The Combined Method Of Laser With Polidocanol Foam
Authors: Foureaux Giselle
Published: April 2022

Background: The veins in the frontal region of the face, Right Supratrochlear Vein, and Left Supratrochlear Vein can become exaggeratedly dilated in situations of emotion (crying or smiling), stress, physical exertion, lowering the head and other situations that can cause great embarrassment. Nd:Yag 1064nm is the most versatile LASER for the treatment of facial vessels, and can be used in telangiectasias and reticular veins. It’s different spot size and pulse duration settings allow the most suitable parameterization for different types of veins. Due to its ease, practicality of use and for delivering good results, sclerotherapy is still the gold standard technique for sclerosis of varicose veins and telangiectasias. The 1064 nm Nd:YAG LASER is also efficient. Its limit is more restricted in veins of larger caliber (>3mm) and faster flow and, for physical reasons, the distance from the varicose vein to the skin should not exceed 3.5mm to 4mm. The pain at high fluences, the higher cost and the occurrence of relapses when used alone, make us opt for combined therapies in some situations.

Case: Patient P.B.C, female, 43 years old, dancer, without previous comorbidities. She looked for an outpatient doctor with vascular care in February/2022 with a complaint of discomfort due to the forehead, with significant vessel dilation after physical exercise. Physical examination showed a dilated right and left supratrochlear veins. The treatment of sclerotherapy with polidocanol foam associated with the QS Nd:YAG 1064nm laser was indicated.

Conclusion: Sclerotherapy associated with selective and immediate photo thermolysis, using the long-pulse Nd:YAG 1064 LASER increases the efficiency of the treatment of varicose veins, reducing possible complications when any of the techniques are used in isolation.
Identification of Dermatophyte Causes Tinea Capitis in Users of Hair Oil Made From WAX in Manggala District, Makassar
Authors: Awaluddin  , Waji Resi Agestia , Debit Yohanis
Published: April 2022

Tinea capitis adalah infeksi jamur pada bagian kulit dan kulit kepala yang disebabkan oleh jamur dermatofita. Penggunaan minyak rambut berbahan wax yang berlebihan dapat memicu terjadinya ketombe, dimana ketombe yang berlebihan dapat memicu pertumbuhan spora-spora jamur dermatofita. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi jenis jamur dermatofita penyebab Tinea capitis pada kulit kepala pengguna minyak rambut berbahan wax. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan penelitian deskriptif dengan metode observasi laboratorium. Subjek penelitian ini adalah pengguna minyak rambut berbahan wax di Kecamatan Manggala Kota Makassar yang berjumlah 10 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi dan pemberian kuesioner kepada responden dan disajikan secara deskriptif dalam bentuk gambar dan tabel dan dijelaskan dalam bentuk narasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 10 sampel yang diperiksa, teridentifikasi ada 8 sampel yang terdapat jamur dermatofita yaitu spesies Trichophyton rubrum dan Trichophyton tonsurans dan ada 2 sampel teridentifikasi jamur non-dermatofita yaitu spesies Candida albicans dan Aspergillus niger. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa jenis jamur dermatofita yang ada pada pengguna minyak rambut berbahan wax adalah Trichophyton rubrum dan Trichophyton tonsurans.
Un ejercicio ponderativo sobre la procedencia de la acción de tutela de contra sentencias casación
Authors: Gómez Martínez Diego León
Published: April 2022

Este articulo tiene objetivo realizar un ejercicio de ponderación sobre el tema de la procedencia de la acción de tutela contra sentencias de casación de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Colombiana. Para ello, primero se contextualiza el tema de la doctrina de las causales de procedencia de dicha acción constitucional sobre tales sentencias, luego se realiza un análisis que muestra la aplicabilidad de esa doctrina a las sentencias de casación. Después se reconstruye brevemente la teoría de la ponderación y la formula del peso para después realizar las posibles ponderaciones. Finalmente, se realiza una conclusión.
Amparo en Guatemala (1921-2021): Su "amplitud" para garantizar derechos en constante "expansión"
Authors: Cordón Aguilar Julio César
Published: April 2022

Resumen

El artículo inicia con una referencia expresa a la figura del exmagistrado Mauro Roderico Chacón Corado, como homenaje a sus enseñanzas y huella durante su paso por el Tribunal Constitucional. En su desarrollo, el artículo intenta hacer un repaso de la evolución normativa y jurisprudencial del amparo en Guatemala desde su incorporación mediante la reforma constitucional de 1921. Ese repaso destaca la especial “amplitud” del amparo guatemalteco, en el sentido de hacer énfasis en su carácter tutelar, tanto respecto de los derechos que protege, como de la apertura de los actos del poder, en las esferas pública y privada, que son susceptibles de control constitucional por su vía. La “amplitud” que la garantía constitucional conlleva, tanto en el “expansivo” catálogo de derechos y libertades que protege, como en los muy diversos y variados ámbitos en los que puede actuar, revelan que el amparo en Guatemala responde de manera completa y perfecta, como ningún otro instrumento de carácter procesal, a las exigencias del artículo 25 de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos, en cuanto reconoce el “derecho” a un mecanismo sencillo, rápido y efectivo “ante los jueces”, que “ampare” a las personas “contra actos que violen sus derechos” que reconoce la Constitución, la ley o la propia Convención.
Amparo en Guatemala ¿Mantiene actualmente su naturaleza jurídica de garantía con la que fue instituido en el ordenamiento constitucional?
Authors: Mejicanos Jimenez Manuel
Published: April 2022

El amparo en Guatemala ha arribado a cien años de historia. Regulada originalmente como una garantía constitucional desde los inicios de la segunda década del siglo pasado, en época reciente al amparo se le ha juzgado más por los resultados evidenciables en las estadísticas que lleva la Corte de Constitucionalidad,[1] que por la finalidad con la que fue instituido; todo ello en detrimento de los objetivos de prevención y restitución que el legislador constituyente encomendó a esa institución en la actual Constitución Política de la República de Guatemala (1985), para proteger los derechos de las personas frente al ejercicio del poder.

 

[1]              Véase, a manera ejemplificativa, los datos estadísticos que proporciona el autor, Miguel Aldana, en su artículo denominado El amparo judicial, un fenómeno que desborda los límites de la jurisdicción constitucional, en https://www.guardiaconstitucional.com/post/el-amparo-judicial-limites-jurisdiccion-constitucional. [Fecha de consulta: 21 de julio de 2021].
Knowledge, Attitude & Behaviors Related to Oral Health among Students & Faculty of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan
Authors: Noor Nabbiya , Zubair Asifa , Saeed Sadia , Arshad Omaima , Sultan Noreen , Ejaz Wasim
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVES:
The aim of this study was to analyze the knowledge, attitude and practices of medical students and faculty related to oral health.
METHODOLOGY:
A cross-sectional study was conducted at Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad Pakistan comprising of medical students and their teaching faculty. The participants out of total 400 distributed data forms responded 330 questionnaires positively. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 25.0 (using descriptive analysis and Chi Square test). P value of less than 0.05 was statistically significant.
RESULTS:
The survey revealed that the high proportion (96.6%) of teachers knew about dental caries, which was significantly higher than students (p-value 0.031).  High percentage of teachers had habit of brushing twice daily as compared to students (p=0.001).
CONCLUSION:
Within limitations of this survey, teaching faculty possessed better knowledge, attitude and behavior related to oral health as compared to medical students.
Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy and Refusal in Children of District Swabi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Shah Syed Sajid Hussain , Aalia Bibi , Zeb Mubarak , Ullah Ihsan
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of the study was to evaluate factors associated with vaccine hesitancy and refusal at District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
METHODOLOGY:
This cross-sectional study was conducted at a teaching hospital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa District Swabi over a period of four months. Children between the ages of 9 months to 10 years from the local population admitted to the children ward/daycare centre were included in the study. Parents were inquired about vaccination status and in case of no vaccination or partial vaccination; then the reason was inquired after proper informed consent. Data were collected by using a structured proforma and analyzed using SPSS-24.
RESULTS:
A total of 828 children were included in this study. Out of these 492 (59.4%) were male and 336 (40.6%) were females. Of the total 828 children, 753 (90.9%) were vaccinated up to date, 48 (5.8%) were not vaccinated and 27 (3.3%) were partially vaccinated. Under vaccinated were 75 patients, 52% were left out due to misconception/beliefs, 6% patients were having issues due to living far away, 2.7% patients could not be vaccinated due to presence of other diseases and 37.3% due to lack of knowledge regarding vaccination. A significant correlation was found between the vaccination status of children and aforementioned reasons (p-value ≤0.001).
CONCLUSION:
The most common cause of not vaccinating children with polio vaccines was misconceptions/beliefs and lack of knowledge of the parents.
Epidural Hematoma in Different Ages Due to Road Traffic Accidents on Computed Tomography Scan Brain
Authors: Amir Sohail , Noman Muhammad Ali , Ayub Shahid
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVES:
In developing countries, road traffic accidents are common and primarily affect middle-aged men. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of epidural hematoma in people of various ages owing to road traffic incidents on computed tomography scan brain.
METHODOLOGY:
From February 2018 to January 2021, a cross-sectional descriptive study was done in the Department of Neurosurgery. A total of 460 individuals were chosen from emergency room visits due to traffic accidents. Individuals who had suffered a head injury and had an epidural hematoma on a computed tomography scan were included in the study. The frequency of epidural hematoma in different ages was determined.
RESULTS:
A total of 460 patients were enrolled in the trial, with 196 (42.60%) having epidural hematomas and 264 having no epidural hematomas (57.39%). Males accounted for 152 (77.55%) of the 196 epidural hematoma cases, while females accounted for 44 (22.45%), with an average age of 19 years and a range of 2-55±9.59 years. All the people who had a head injury were divided into three groups. The prevalence of epidural hematoma varied by age, with 75.51% (15-44 years), 20.40% (14 years), and 4.08% (>45 years) being the most common.
CONCLUSION:
It was concluded from this study that epidural hematoma determined by computed tomography scan brain is more frequent in middle age.
Reasons for Lack of Research In Dentistry; A Cross Sectional Survey on Dentists and Students in Teaching Hospitals of Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Shafqat , Mansur Aamna , Dad Khuda e , Taj Farooq , Khan Ghulam Ishaq , Khalil Uzma
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVES:
The purpose of this study was to determine the barriers or factors preventing dentists from engaging in research in teaching institutes of Pakistan.
METHODOLOGY:
The descriptive, cross sectional online survey was conducted at the department of Prosthodontics, Rehman College of Dentistry, Peshawar over a period of six months. Sample size of 780 was taken in the descriptive study and questionnaires were communicated through emails and the response was noted. The data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS statistic version 20. Statistical analysis was done using counts and percentages and the results were further analyzed statistically by the Chi square test.
RESULTS:
Completed surveys were collected from 280 participants. Completed surveys were collected from 780 dentists, 40.7% were male and 59.3% were female. Participants’ age ranged between 20-50 years; about half of them (55%) were younger than 30 years of age. Other demographic characteristics of the participants such as designation, work experience, and qualification given in Table 1 were also recorded. Majority of the participants were dentists (35%), followed by senior registrar (10%) and assistant (10.7%), associate (and professors (4.3%). Details are depicted in Table 1. Overall, 47.9% participants were found to be involved in research and having publications. Simple graduates were more in number as compared to postgraduates. When inquired about publication published in an indexed journal or not 22.1% responded with yes and 46.4% responded with No. 65% participants had received workshops for writing papers and only 34.3% institute conducted continuous training programs. The main reason reported for lack of research was lack of motivation and don’t know how to do it. Other less common factors were lack of funds and no professional benefits as depicted in Table 2.
CONCLUSION:
Identifying and minimizing all the barriers in the way of research may help dental authorities to intervene for enhancing research friendly environments.
A Comparative Study of Periodontal Disease Index (PDI) Scores in Type-2 Diabetics and Non-Diabetics
Authors: Mariyum Sara , Naheed Rakhshanda , Anwar Zahida , Iqbal Amjad , Mariyum Khadija , Khalil Zia Ur Rehman
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVES:
The aim of this study was to compare the Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and Non-Diabetics in terms of Periodontal Disease Index (PDI).
METHODOLOGY:
This comparative cross-sectional study recruited 105 subjects, 56 participants of Type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontal disease and 49 non-diabetics (comparison group) having periodontal disease. Non-probability purposive sampling method was used for selecting the participants. This study was conducted at Peshawar Dental hospital, Prime Teaching hospital, and Sardar Begum Dental hospital. Determination of   HbA1c to diagnose diabetes and periodontal examination was conducted for both the groups to compare Type 2 diabetics and non-diabetics in terms of Periodontal Disease Index (PDI) score that is one of the clinical parameters of periodontal disease. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS version 23.
RESULTS:
Out of 105 total participants, 33 (31.4 %) were males and 72 (68.6%) were females. The mean age of subjects was 51.48±7.92. The mean PDI scores of the two groups were compared. Mean Periodontal Disease Index (PDI) was recorded, score was 2.58 (±0.67) in diabetics and 1.11 (±0.41) in non-diabetic (comparison group). P-value was measured by Chi-square test and was found to be significant.
CONCLUSION:
We concluded that significant difference exists between the mean PDI scores of Type 2 diabetics and non-diabetics.
Patient Satisfaction in a Tertiary Care Government Hospital
Authors: Mohammad Zahid  , Rabeea Sadaf  , Tariq Zubair  , Ghazala Shams  , Shahnaz Perveen  , Faiza Rahman
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To determine patient satisfaction in terms of various services such as ease of getting care, in-patient admission, waiting for check-up, staff interaction, medical care, cost of care, and cleanliness in a Tertiary Care Government Hospital.
METHODOLOGY:
The study design was cross sectional observational. A total of 200 patients meeting our inclusion criteria were enrolled through convenient sampling techniques in this research study. A well-designed questionnaire was used for data collection of admitted patients. 
RESULTS:
Out of 200 patients, 96 (48%) male and 104 (47%) female patients were interviewed. 72% were satisfied with clinical care services, 14% had mixed views while 14% patients were not satisfied at all.
CONCLUSION:
Patients in general showed their satisfaction in some of the aspects, however, keeping in view the burden a public sector hospital absorbs on a daily basis, and it was imperative to receive unsatisfactory feedback from patients in most of the aspects. Thus, the results of my study recommend to the health care leaders to take practical steps to bring further improvement by developing a proper mechanism for the uplift of public sector hospitals.
Source of Bleeding and Per-Operative Findings in Extradural Hematoma (Edh): A Three-Year Experience in Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar
Authors: Ahmad Mansoor , Hassan Naseer , Ali Mehran , Hassan Raza , Kabir Samir Khan
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVES:
The purpose of this study was to analyze the main source of bleeding and operative findings in an extradural hematoma (EDH).  
METHODOLOGY:
This study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. The sample size of the study was analyzed through WHO sample size calculator and 300 diagnosed patients were recruited by purposive sampling technique. Ethical approval was taken from the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan (CPSP) and the hospital’s ethical committee. By using the SPSS version 23.0, all the collected data were analyzed.
RESULTS:
The mean age of enrolled patients was 27.96±12.71 years. There were 65.7% male and 34.3% female. The most common age group was 21–30 years followed by 31 to 40 years and 11 to 20 years with the most common source of bleeding was middle meningeal artery, 39.7% of patients fall in the temporal parietal category.
CONCLUSION:
Middle meningeal artery is the most common source of bleeding in EDH. Therefore, proper management of this vessel is significant to avoid the chances of re-bleed and re-do surgeries.
A Rare Case of Pneumoperitoneum due to Perforation at Tip of Appendix
Authors: Ammar Ahmed Siddique , Hadi Ali , Anwar Umbreen , Inayat Farwa , Batool Sana , Naqi Syed Asghar
Published: April 2022

Pneumoperitoneum caused by a perforated appendix is extremely rare. We encountered a case of a 24 years old male presented in the emergency department of EAST surgical ward of MAYO Hospital Lahore with a history of epigastric pain for 10 days, which later became generalized. Chest X-ray showed free air under the right hemidiaphragm. On the basis of clinical examination and radiological correlations diagnosis of duodenal ulcer perforation was made. On exploration of abdomen through midline incision it was found to be a perforated appendix at its tip. The body and base of the appendix was normal. No per operative and postoperative complications were encountered and the patient discharged on the second postoperative day. Biopsy of appendix showed acute inflammation of appendix.
UPAYA PEDULI PENDIDIKAN DAN KESEHATAN DI DESA CIGONDEWA HILIR KECAMATAN MARGA ASIH KABUPATEN BANDUNG JAWA BARAT
Authors: Kiki Zakia Nuroktaviani  , Clarisa Putri Nurhikma  , Yeni  , Yudi  , Mak'mun Hernawati
Published: April 2022

Mahasiswa diharapkan dapat menjadi bagian dari masyarakat dan mampu berpartisipasi aktif dan kreatif dalam dinamika masyarakat. Partisipasi mahasiswa tidak hanya merupakan kesempatan untuk belajar dari masyarakat, tetapi juga dapat berdampak positif terhadap peran aktif mahasiswa dalam menggunakan ilmu pengetahuan di masyarakat. Metode yang dilaksanakan adalah dengan terjun langsung ke masyarakat, melihat permasalahan yang terjadi di masyarakat, yang kemudian dianalisis dan dipilih permasalahan mana yang dinilai dapat dikelola dalam waktu satu bulan.  Dari Hasil observasi didapatkan beberpa masalah dalam pendidikan dan kesehatan. Hasil observasi dan analisis kondisi lapangan terpilih beberapa kegiatan yang dianggap layak, antara lain: melakukan seminar pendidikan untuk menggugah masyarakat akan pentingnya pendidikan, pengadaan bimbingan belajar untuk siswa  Sekolah Dasar, membuat pojok baca, seminar parenting. Selain di bidang Pendidikan, KKN ini juga melakukan edukasi kesehatan kepada masyarkat dengan melakukan sosialisasi kebiasaan hidup sehat, sosialisasi vaksin dan membantu kegiatan Posyandu. Semua kegiatan berjalan dengan baik dan mendapat dukungan dan sambutan baik dari masyarakat Desa Cigondewa Hilir. Keberhasilan rogram ini dengan meregenerasi pemuda setempat untuk membantu anak-anak dalam memberi bimbingan belajar dan mengelola pojok baca yang sudah dibuat bersama.
Five-Component Load Forecast in Residential Sector Using Smart Methods
Authors: Al-Nasiri Yamama , Al-bayaty Hussein , Al-Hafidh Majid
Published: April 2022

The electrical load is affected by the weather conditions in many countries as well as in Iraq. The weather-sensitive electrical load is, usually, divided into two components, a weather-sensitive component, and a weather-insensitive component. The research provides a method for separating the weather-sensitive electrical load into five components. and aims to prove the efficiency of the five-component load Forecasting model. The artificial neural network was used to predict the weather-sensitive electrical load using the MATLAB R17a software. Weather data and loads were used for one year for Mosul City. The performance of the artificial neural network was evaluated using the mean squared error and the mean absolute percentage error. The results indicate the accuracy of the prediction model used, MAPE equal to 0.0402.
Ofis Çalışanlarında Kas İskelet Sistemi Sorunları ve Ergonomi
Authors: AĞAR Ali , KIZILTAN Belkız
Published: April 2022

Bu araştırma 2010 ve 2021 yılları arasında “Kas İskelet Sistemi”, “Risk Faktörleri”, “Çalışan Sağlığı”,” Ergonomi” ve “Ofis Çalışanları” anahtar kelimeleriyle, ofis çalışanlarında kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıkları ve ergonominin çalışanlar üzerine etkisini incelemek ve ofis çalışanlarında ergonomik risk faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılabilecek araçları tanımlamak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıkları, ofis çalışanlarında artan ve önemli bir işle ilgili sağlık sorunudur. Ayrıca Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, İskandinav ülkeleri ve Japonya'da kayıtlı tüm meslek hastalıklarının yaklaşık üçte birini ve daha fazlasını oluşturan en büyük meslek hastalıkları grubudur. Bu rahatsızlıklar, işle ilgili tüm hastalıkların maliyetlerinin %40-50'sinden sorumludur. Türkiye’de, Çalışma Gücü ve Meslekte Kazanma Gücü Kaybı Oran Tespit İşlemleri Yönetmeliği’nde yer alan listede meslek hastalıkları 5 grupta ele alınmakta olup Kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıkları E Grubu olan fiziksel faktörlere bağlı gelişen meslek hastalıkları sınıfında yer almaktadır. Kas iskelet sistemi hastalıklarının gelişiminde ergonomi önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ergonomi işin insana, insanın işe uyumunu araştıran, disiplinler arası bir bilim dalıdır. Kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıkları sıklıkla ergonomik risk faktörleri ile ilişkilidir. Ergonomik risk faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılabilecek öz değerlendirme araçları, gözlem araçları ve doğrudan ölçüm araçları gibi birçok yöntem tanımlanmıştır. Tüm yöntemler arasında Hızlı Üst Uzuv Değerlendirmesi (RULA) ve Hızlı Ofis Gerilim Değerlendirmesi (ROSA), bilgisayar iş istasyonunu ve üst uzuvları içeren diğer duruş türlerini değerlendirmek için güvenilir ve geçerli bir yöntemdir. Ofislerde yapılan bazı önlemler ve ergonomik düzenlemeler ile kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıklarının önüne geçilebilir ve iş yerinde sağlıklı bir ortam sağlanabilir.
New Constraints on the Composition and Initial Speed of CNEOS 2014-01-08
Authors: Siraj Amir , Loeb Abraham
Published: April 2022

We study the newly released light curve from the fireball of the first interstellar meteor CNEOS 2014-01-08. The measured velocity and three observed flares down to an altitude of 18.7 km imply ambient ram pressure in the range of 113–194 MPa when the meteor disintegrated. The required yield strength is ≳20 times higher than stony meteorites and ≳2 times larger than iron meteorites. The implied slowdown in the atmosphere suggests an initial speed of about 66.5 km s−1, strengthening the case for an interstellar origin of this meteor and making it an outlier relative to the velocity dispersion of local stars.
Novel Correlations between Diffuse Interstellar Bands and Optical Reddening
Authors: Smith Emily R. , Smith Fraser M. , Harriott Tina A. , Majaess Daniel , Massa Lou , Matta Chérif F.
Published: April 2022

The relatively new and expansive Apache Point Observatory Catalog of Optical Diffuse Interstellar Bands was analyzed to identify novel correlations between diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) and optical reddening E(B − V), with a principal aim being to facilitate future identifications of the host molecular carriers. The following lines exhibit the highest Pearson r correlations in descending order (0.930 ≥ r ≥ 0.885), and are tied to DIBs featuring n ≥ 10 sightlines and possessing equivalent width uncertainties: λ (Å) ≃ 5236.27, 5793.24, 5797.18, 6449.27, 6795.26, 5948.87, 6113.22, 6860.02, 6059.34, 6520.74. Independent observations to confirm the preliminary trends are desirable, and extinction estimates could be subsequently inferred for targets by relying on longer-wavelength (NIR) photometric calibrations linked to a weighted subset of numerous DIBs. Lastly, several DIBs appear unassociated with E(B − V), thereby reaffirming that diverse carriers exist.
Méditerranée : la délicate rencontre entre territorialisation de l’espace maritime et concept de bien commun de l’humanité
Authors: Dézéraud Philippe
Published: April 2022

Il est désormais devenu fréquent d’évoquer et de disserter sur la territorialisation des espaces maritimes, c’est-à-dire cet ensemble de postures qui repose à la fois sur la revendication de l’exercice d’une pleine souveraineté ou du bénéfice exclusif de la jouissance des ressources naturelles de ces espaces et l’encadrement spatio-temporel des activités qui y sont conduites. Pourtant, il émerge un nouvel élan pour la reconnaissance des océans en tant que bien commun (de l’humanité). Devant la rencontre de ces deux notions antagonistes, l’appropriation et le partage, la Méditerranée, à la fois espace maritime et centre de convergence civilisationnelle, pourrait transcender les ambiguïtés pour offrir au monde un modèle de mise en commun de la souveraineté et de protection d’un milieu fragile et essentiel pour la préservation de la vie sur terre.
Les enjeux stratégiques de l’immigration clandestine en Méditerranée
Authors: Poirier Manon
Published: April 2022

La géographie et l’histoire d’abord, un ensemble de facteurs sociaux, économiques, politiques et environnementaux ensuite, sont à l’origine des importantescirculations migratoires observées entre les deux rives de la Méditerranée. À mesure que les États occidentaux ont fermé leurs frontières, puis, que les pays de la rive sud ont connu d’intenses déstabilisations, l’immigration clandestine à destination de l’Europe a considérablement augmenté, pour connaître une acmé en 2015. Depuis, les flux ont diminué mais demeurent élevés. La persistance de l’immigration clandestine en Méditerranée est porteuse de défis pour l’ensemble des pays des deux rives. À la fois cause et conséquence des migrations, la géopolitique est au cœur des enjeux relatifs à l’immigration clandestine en Méditerranée.
La mer Méditerranée entre changements climatiques et dégradations environnementales : quels défis pour la coopération ?
Authors: Lemaître-Curri Elen , Guerquin François
Published: April 2022

Alors qu’elle ne représente qu’environ 0,3 % des eaux du globe et 0,8 % de la surface océanique, la mer Méditerranée concentre activités économiques et enjeux environnementaux. Mer semi-fermée, particulièrement soumise au réchauffement climatique et aux pollutions, la Méditerranée voit déjà ses écosystèmes se transformer, pesant sur sa richesse écologique et les moyens de subsistance des populations riveraines. Depuis plus de 70 ans, les pays du bassin négocient et collaborent pour préserver ensemble les ressources et la qualité environnementale de cette mer commune. Face à l’accélération des changements, la mise en œuvre urgente d’accords plus ambitieux, mieux partagés avec les acteurs de terrain et soutenus par des décisions de justice est nécessaire.
Énergie éolienne en Méditerranée : nouvelle source de conflits ou opportunité de coopération renouvelée ?
Authors: Le Visage Christophe
Published: April 2022

L’exploitation de l’énergie éolienne en mer va commencer très prochainement en Méditerranée. Cette nouvelle activité associée à une occupation permanente de la mer risque de générer de nouvelles tensions avec les usages existants et de nouvelles pressions sur l’environnement marin, déjà très menacé et dégradé en Méditerranée malgré des décennies d’efforts de protection et de gestion. Ce développement se conjugue avec l’appropriation progressive de l’espace maritime par les États riverains, qui ont commencé à créer des zones économiques exclusives, et la montée des menaces liées au changement climatique. Au-delà des tensions et des risques, ces ruptures apparaissent paradoxalement comme des opportunités pour développer une gestion intégrée plus cohérente à l’échelle de la Méditerranée et mieux protéger l’environnement et les ressources que ne l’ont permis les approches traditionnelles, basées sur la gestion commune de ressources et d’espaces communs. Cette gestion pourrait s’appuyer sur une gouvernance renouvelée, basée sur une meilleure intégration des instruments de coopération existants.
La coopération en mer Méditerranée n’est pas seulement l’œuvre de l’UE
Authors: Coustillière Jean-François
Published: April 2022

Lorsque l’on évoque la coopération internationale en Méditerranée, on se réfère le plus souvent, depuis 1995, à la coopération initiée par l’Union européenne (UE). D’abord le partenariat de Barcelone, puis les politiques européennes de voisinage, voire des initiatives particulières dont le financement est majoritairement assumé par l’UE mais qui ne bénéficient qu’à ses pays membres. Pourtant, ces démarches ne sont pas les seules, les initiatives de coopération sont multiples et s’exercent à des niveaux et entre des acteurs fort différents. Leur analyse, dans une perspective multisectorielle, révèle des freins, des espoirs déçus, mais elle ouvre aussi de nouvelles perspectives notamment parce que ces coopérations mobilisent de nouveaux acteurs, plus éloignés des cercles de décisions internationaux mais plus proches des actions opérationnelles sur le terrain qui ont souvent manqué aux initiatives multilatérales.
Les enjeux d’une coopération des ports méditerranéens dans le cadre de la reconstruction du port de Beyrouth
Authors: Formaleoni Lilly
Published: April 2022

L’explosion du 4 août 2020 a révélé des failles de gouvernance structurelles au port de Beyrouth et dans le secteur public libanais. Au-delà du chantier de la reconstruction physique, l’enjeu est également d’appuyer la définition de nouvelles structures institutionnelles et le renouvellement de la stratégie commerciale conférant au port de Beyrouth son statut d’actif stratégique au service du Liban et de sa population. Nous verrons qu’une coopération méditerranéenne dotée d’une approche portuaire pertinente permettrait une reconstruction transparente, cohérente avec son ancrage régional et les enjeux du secteur. À ce titre, la reconstruction du port de Beyrouth, dans un pays en pleine crise multidimensionnelle, pourrait être un projet pilote emblématique pour une coopération internationale renouvelée.
S’engager au PKK pour la libération des femmes ? Lecture critique d’une construction politique
Authors: Guibet Lafaye Catherine
Published: April 2022

Les médias et les travaux universitaires ont porté un intérêt accru aux combattantes kurdes depuis les années 2000 sans toujours s’appuyer sur des données primaires. Afin de comprendre si cet engagement coïncide avec une quête réelle d’émancipation, nous avons réalisé une enquête de sociologie qualitative auprès de 28 combattantes du Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan (PKK). L’originalité de la recherche est double. Il s’agit, d’une part, d’aborder non pas la question de l’égalité ou des rapports de genre mais de l’émancipation et, d’autre part, de l’envisager non pas à partir d’une étude des discours officiels du parti mais des récits rétrospectifs des militantes. Cette perspective permet de saisir les limites de l’appropriation du discours de la libération et de sa portée dans les trajectoires individuelles d’engagement et les récits de soi des combattantes. Si le poids des rapports de genre dans la société patriarcale intervient dans les décisions d’engagement de la deuxième génération de militantes, la théorie de la Femme libre n’apparaît dans les discours des combattantes de la dernière génération.
Par la voie du pragmatisme
Authors: Verdin Maxime
Published: April 2022

Après Loos-en-Gohelle, Grenoble et le Boischaut Sud, DARD/DARD vous propose une nouvelle série sur un « territoire en transition » : Malaunay, ville de quelque 6 000 habitants nichée dans l’ancienne vallée industrielle du Cailly, en périphérie de Rouen. Premier volet : le chemin emprunté ou, dit autrement, la « montée en transition ».