bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different levels of healing in inflammatory bowel diseases: mucosal, histological, transmural, barrier and complete healing
Authors: Neurath Markus F , Vieth Michael
Published: August 2023

Mucosal healingon endoscopy has emerged as a key prognostic parameter in the management of patients with IBD (Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis/UC) and can predict sustained clinical remission and resection-free survival. The structural basis for this type of mucosal healing is a progressive resolution of intestinal inflammation with associated healing of ulcers and improved epithelial barrier function. However, in some cases with mucosal healing on endoscopy, evidence of histological activity in mucosal biopsies has been observed. Subsequently, in UC, a second, deeper type of mucosal healing, denoted histological healing, was defined which requires the absence of active inflammation in mucosal biopsies. Both levels of mucosal healing should be considered as initial events in the resolution of gut inflammation in IBD rather than as indicators of complete transmural healing. In this review, the effects of anti-inflammatory, biological or immunosuppressive agents as well as small molecules on mucosal healing in clinical studies are highlighted. In addition, we focus on the implications of mucosal healing for clinical management of patients with IBD. Moreover, emerging techniques for the analysis of mucosal healing as well as potentially deeper levels of mucosal healing such as transmural healing and functional barrier healing of the mucosa are discussed. Although none of these new levels of healing indicate a definitive cure of the diseases, they make an important contribution to the assessment of patients’ prognosis. The ultimate level of healing in IBD would be a resolution of all aspects of intestinal and extraintestinal inflammation (complete healing).
Granulomas in bone marrow biopsies: clinicopathological significance and new perspectives
Authors: Maccio Umberto , Gianolio Alessandra , Rets Anton V
Published: August 2023

Bone marrow granulomas in trephine biopsies are a rare and usually incidental finding. Possible causes include infectious (especially tuberculous and rarer non-tuberculous mycobacteria, but also many other bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic agents) and non-infectious causes (especially medications, autoimmune disease, sarcoidosis, haematological and non-haematological malignancy). Necrotising granulomas are generally suggestive of an infectious aetiology (tuberculosis being the most common), whereas fibrin ring granulomas are associated with Q-fever and Epstein Barr Virus, although exceptions are possible. Every case suspicious for infectious aetiology should undergo further analysis like special staining (Ziehl-Neelsen for acid-fast rods) or molecular studies. The histomorphology should always be clinically correlated. In cases in which no infectious cause can be identified, untargeted metagenomics may represent a valid diagnostic tool that may become standard in the near future for bone marrow diagnostics. In this review, we have analysed the published data from 1956 up to today, and we report aspects of epidemiology, aetiology, diagnostic algorithms, differential diagnosis and the role of metagenomics in bone marrow biopsies with granulomas.
Who should provide the uterus? The ethics of live donor recruitment for uterus transplantation
Authors: Lee J Y
Published: August 2023

Uterus transplantation (UTx) is an experimental surgery likely to face the issue of organ shortage. In my article, I explore how this issue might be addressed by changing the prevailing practices around live uterus donor recruitment. Currently, women with children – often the mothers of recipients – tend to be overrepresented as donors. Yet, other potentially eligible groups who may have an interest in providing their uterus – such as transgender men, or cisgender women who do not wish to gestate or to have children – tend to be excluded as potential donors. Moving forward, I recommend that donor inclusion criteria for UTx be broadened to be more inclusive of these latter groups.
Tenecteplase versus alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of phase III randomised trials
Authors: Xiong Yunyun , Wang Liyuan , Li Guangshuo , Yang Kai-Xuan , Hao Manjun , Li Shuya , Pan Yuesong , Wang Yongjun
Published: August 2023

Background

Tenecteplase (TNK) was found non-inferior to alteplase in recent clinical trials. We aimed to elucidate the efficacy and safety of TNK versus alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS).

Methods

Systematic literature search and a meta-analysis of phase III clinical trials in ischaemic stroke patients with TNK use were conducted. The primary outcome was excellent functional outcome which was defined as modified Rankin Scale score of 0–1 at 90 days and safety outcomes included symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage and death at 90 days. We used random-effects model to estimate the pooled risk difference and 95% CI in R package ‘Meta’. The included trials were adapted to the non-inferiority analysis with a margin of −4%.

Results

Three trials enrolling 4094 patients were identified by systematic search. All trials included AIS patients within 4.5 hours time window. Meta-analysis indicated that 1089 (53.0%) of 2056 patients in the TNK arm and 1016 (50.5%) of 2012 in the alteplase arm had excellent functional outcome at 90 days (0.03 (95% CI −0.00 to 0.06); I2=0%), meeting the prespecified non-inferiority threshold. And TNK thrombolysis was not correlated with increased risk of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (0.00 (95% CI −0.01 to 0.01); I2=0%) or death (0.01 (95% CI −0.01 to 0.02); I2=0%) at 90 days. The sensitivity analysis with the 0.25 mg/kg trials exclusively showed similar results to the main analysis.

Conclusions

TNK was non-inferior to alteplase for achieving excellent functional outcome at 90 days without increasing the safety concern in treating patients with AIS. These findings suggest that TNK can be an alternative to alteplase.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022354342.
Associations of polygenic risk scores with risks of stroke and its subtypes in Chinese
Authors: Yang Songchun , Sun Zhijia , Sun Dong , Yu Canqing , Guo Yu , Sun Dianjianyi , Pang Yuanjie , Pei Pei , Yang Ling , Millwood Iona Y , Walters Robin G , Chen Yiping , Du Huaidong , Lu Yan , Burgess Sushila , Avery Daniel , Clarke Robert , Chen Junshi , Chen Zhengming , Li Liming , Lv Jun
Published: August 2023

Background and purpose

Previous studies, mostly focusing on the European population, have reported polygenic risk scores (PRSs) might achieve risk stratification of stroke. We aimed to examine the association strengths of PRSs with risks of stroke and its subtypes in the Chinese population.

Methods

Participants with genome-wide genotypic data in China Kadoorie Biobank were split into a potential training set (n=22 191) and a population-based testing set (n=72 150). Four previously developed PRSs were included, and new PRSs for stroke and its subtypes were developed. The PRSs showing the strongest association with risks of stroke or its subtypes in the training set were further evaluated in the testing set. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association strengths of different PRSs with risks of stroke and its subtypes (ischaemic stroke (IS), intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)).

Results

In the testing set, during 872 919 person-years of follow-up, 8514 incident stroke events were documented. The PRSs of any stroke (AS) and IS were both positively associated with risks of AS, IS and ICH (p<0.05). The HR for per SD increment (HRSD) of PRSASwas 1.10 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.12), 1.10 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.12) and 1.13 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.20) for AS, IS and ICH, respectively. The corresponding HRSDof PRSISwas 1.08 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.11), 1.08 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.11) and 1.09 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.15). PRSICHwas positively associated with the risk of ICH (HRSD=1.07, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.14). PRSSAHwas not associated with risks of stroke and its subtypes. The addition of current PRSs offered little to no improvement in stroke risk prediction and risk stratification.

Conclusions

In this Chinese population, the association strengths of current PRSs with risks of stroke and its subtypes were moderate, suggesting a limited value for improving risk prediction over traditional risk factors in the context of current genome-wide association study under-representing the East Asian population.
How cigarette excise tax pass-through to prices responds to the uptake and evolution of e-cigarettes (ECs)
Authors: He Yanyun , Ma Shaoying , Yang Qian , Shang Ce
Published: August 2023

Background

How excise taxes are passed through to prices determines whether tax policies will be effective in changing smoking behaviours. Though previous literature has documented that cigarette taxes are overly shifted to prices, there is limited evidence on how cigarette tax pass-through to prices is affected by the uptake and evolution of e-cigarettes (ECs) in the US market.

Objective

This study investigates how cigarette excise tax pass-through rate varied by price levels (the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile prices) and the uptake and evolution of ECs.

Methods

Tax pass-through rates were assessed using ordinary least squares regressions while controlling for state, year and month fixed effects. Different trends were then tested for the pre-EC uptake era (2006–2011), EC uptake era (2012–2016) and the evolution of nicotine salt-based ECs era (2017 and later).

Findings

Cigarette excise taxes were fully shifted to the 25th and 50th percentile prices and overly shifted to the 75th percentile prices at a 1:1.1 rate. While cigarette excise taxes had a continuous impact on raising prices, the tax pass-through rates were lower for lower priced cigarettes, and states imposed lower taxes.

Conclusions

Continuing to raise cigarette taxes may be needed to create financial incentives to encourage people who smoke to switch to ECs. In addition, continuing to raise cigarette taxes and additional pricing policies such as price promotion restrictions are needed to increase retail prices and reduce price minimisation opportunities.
Respiratory management and outcomes in high-risk preterm infants with development of a population outcome dashboard
Authors: Kwok Tng Chang , Poulter Caroline , Algarni Saleh , Szatkowski Lisa , Sharkey Don
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is associated with adverse long-term respiratory and neurodevelopmental outcomes. No recent studies examined the changing respiratory management and outcomes, particularly severe BPD, across a whole population.

Purpose

Evaluate the temporal trends in the respiratory management and outcomes of preterm infants born below 32 weeks gestational age and develop an individualised dashboard of the incidence of neonatal outcome.

Methods

Using the National Neonatal Research Database, we determined changes in respiratory management, BPD rates, postdischarge respiratory support and mortality in 83 463 preterm infants in England and Wales from 2010 to 2020.

Results

Between 2010 and 2020, antenatal corticosteroids use increased (88%–93%, p<0.0001) and neonatal surfactant use decreased (65%–60%, p<0.0001). Postnatal corticosteroid use increased, especially dexamethasone (4%–6%, p<0.0001). More recently, hydrocortisone and budesonide use increased from 2% in 2017 to 4% and 3%, respectively, in 2020 (p<0.0001). Over the study period, mortality decreased (10.1%–8.5%), with increases in BPD (28%–33%), severe BPD (12%–17%), composite BPD/death (35%–39%) and composite severe BPD/death (21%–24%) (all p<0.0001). Overall, 11 684 infants required postdischarge respiratory support, increasing from 13% to 17% (p<0.0001), with 1843 infants requiring respiratory pressure support at discharge. A population dashboard (https://premoutcome.github.io/) depicting the incidence of mortality and respiratory outcomes, based on gestation, sex and birthweight centile, was developed.

Conclusion

More preterm infants are surviving with worse respiratory outcomes, particularly severe BPD requiring postdischarge respiratory support. Ultimately, these survivors will develop chronic respiratory diseases requiring greater healthcare resources.
Combined vacuum-assisted geotextile and geomembrane tubes for sludge dewatering: a theoretical switching point
Authors: Zhang Hao , Sun Hong-lei , Liu Si-jie , Geng Xue-yu , Deng Yong-feng , Cai Yuan-qiang
Published: August 2023

Treating the high water-content sludge with vacuum-assisted prefabricated horizontal drains (PHDs) placed inside, geotextile tubes have the advantage of multiple drainage paths, and geomembrane tubes have the superiority of high vacuum maintenance. Therefore, converting the geotextile tube into a geomembrane tube during slurry dewatering is an effective measure for greater dewatering efficiency and better dehydration effect. In this study, a profound plane-strain consolidation model considering two-dimensional seepage is developed for explaining the dewatering mechanism of sludge in the geo-tubes. Analytical solutions are given and validated by the experiment. The impact of major variables on tube efficiency is further discussed to reference the practice design. Parametric analyses reveal the critical time corresponding to the optimal efficiency of the geotextile tube, after which its consolidation efficiency decreases significantly. However, the consolidation efficiency of a geomembrane tube increases throughout the duration. Consequently, a switching point corresponding to the iso-efficiency state of the geotextile tube and geomembrane tube can be determined for the tube conversion.
The influence of environmental stressful conditions on the interaction between heat shock proteins and chaperone-assisted proteins in land snails, Helix pomatia L.
Authors: Idczak-Figiel Paulina A. , Ostrowski Maciej , Nowakowska Anna
Published: August 2023

Snails are often exposed to high variability of ambient temperatures, thus in response to that, they function for prolonged periods in a dormant state. It is known that molecular chaperones (like heat shock proteins (HSPs)) fulfill important functions in maintaining cell homeostasis and the cellular responses to stress, and that they are activated in many different species upon exposition to various environmental stressors. HSPs defend organisms from the harmful consequences of heat shock and potentially alternative stressors too. After thorough consideration, we decided to identify proteins that interact with HSP70 and HSP90 in Helix pomatia Linnaeus, 1758 snails under extreme thermal (low and high) and photoperiod (short and long) conditions and at hypometabolic/active states as a response to environmental stress. Identification of proteins that interact with HSPs can define a new tool in molecular basis of adaptation to temperature stress in snails. After performing co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot, we obtained results showing that HSP70 interacts with hemocyanin alphaN and alphaD, and with other isoforms of hemocyanin–hemocyanin beta as well as with Na+/K+-ATPase, whereas HSP90 interacts with hemocyanin alphaN. It means that the chaperones are likely to affect the most important life-supporting systems of snails like respiration and ionic conductivity.
Comparative genome analysis ofPasteurella multocidastrains of porcine origin
Authors: Prajapati Awadhesh , Yogisharadhya Revanaiah , Mohanty Nihar Nalini , Mendem Suresh Kumar , Chanda Mohammed Mudassar , Siddaramappa Shivakumara , Shivachandra Sathish Bhadravati
Published: August 2023

Pasteurella multocida causes acute/chronic pasteurellosis in porcine, resulting in considerable economic losses globally. The draft genomes of two Indian strains NIVEDIPm17 (serogroup D) and NIVEDIPm36 (serogroup A) were sequenced. A total of 2182–2284 coding sequences (CDSs) were predicted along with 5–6 rRNA and 45–46 tRNA genes in the genomes. Multilocus sequence analysis and LPS genotyping showed the presence of ST50: genotype 07 and ST74: genotype 06 in NIVEDIPm17 and NIVEDIPm36, respectively. Pangenome analysis of 61 strains showed the presence of 1653 core genes, 167 soft core genes, 750 shell genes, and 1820 cloud genes. Analysis of virulence-associated genes in 61 genomes indicated the presence of nanB, exbB, exbD, ptfA, ompA, ompH, fur, plpB, fimA, sodA, sodC, tonB, and omp87 in all strains. The 61 genomes contained genes encoding tetracycline (54%), streptomycin (48%), sulphonamide (28%), tigecycline (25%), chloramphenicol (21%), amikacin (7%), cephalosporin (5%), and trimethoprim (5%) resistance. Multilocus sequence type revealed that ST50 was the most common (34%), followed by ST74 (26%), ST13 (24%), ST287 (5%), ST09 (5%), ST122 (3%), and ST07 (2%). Single-nucleotide polymorphism and core genome-based phylogenetic analysis clustered the strains into three major clusters. In conclusion, we described the various virulence factors, mobile genetic elements, and antimicrobial resistance genes in the pangenome of P. multocida of porcine origin, besides the rare presence of LPS genotype 7 in serogroup D.
Probing lepton flavor violation in meson decays with LHC data
Authors: Descotes-Genon S. , Faroughy D. A. , Plakias I. , Sumensari O.
Published: August 2023

In this letter, we use LHC data from the Drell–Yan processes $$pp\rightarrow \ell _i\ell _j$$

p
p
→

ℓ
i

ℓ
j

(with $$i\ne j$$

i
≠
j

) to derive model-independent upper limits on lepton-flavor-violating meson decays. Our analysis is based on an Effective Field Theory (EFT) approach and it does not require a specific assumption regarding the basis of effective operators. We find that current LHC data (140 $$\textrm{fb}^{-1}$$

fb

-
1

) already provides competitive limits on $${\mathcal {B}}(B\rightarrow \pi e \tau )$$

B
(
B
→
π
e
τ
)

and $${\mathcal {B}}(B\rightarrow \pi \mu \tau )$$

B
(
B
→
π
μ
τ
)

with respect to the ones obtained through experimental searches at the B-factories. Moreover, we derive upper limits on several decays that have not been searched for experimentally yet, such as $$D^0\rightarrow e\tau $$

D
0

→
e
τ

in the charm sector, and various semileptonic decays such as $$B\rightarrow \rho \mu \tau $$

B
→
ρ
μ
τ

, $$B_s\rightarrow K \mu \tau $$

B
s

→
K
μ
τ

and $$B_s\rightarrow \phi \mu \tau $$

B
s

→
ϕ
μ
τ

. Lastly, we discuss the validity of the EFT description of LHC data and the impact of loop corrections in our analysis.
Effect of δ-potential on spin-polarized dwell time for electron in magnetic nanostructure
Authors: Kong Yong-Hong , Fu Xi , Li Ai-Hua
Published: August 2023

We theoretically explore the effect of a [Formula: see text]-potential on spin-polarized dwell time for electron in a magnetic nanostructure, which can be achieved by depositing a vertically-magnetized ferromagnetic stripe on top of InAs/AlxIn[Formula: see text]As. The dwell time is found to be still spin-polarized because the [Formula: see text]-potential does not eliminate the spin-field interaction in the magnetic nanostructure. Spin-polarized dwell time is also found to be controllable by changing weight or position of the [Formula: see text]-potential since the effective potential experienced by electron in the magnetic nanostructure depends on the [Formula: see text]-potential. Therefore, such a [Formula: see text]-doped, magnetic nanostructure can act as a structurally-manipulable temporal spin splitter for spintronic device applications.
Computational method for obtaining solitary wave solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional AKNS equation and their physical significance
Authors: Khater Mostafa M. A.
Published: August 2023

This study employs precise, accurate, and efficient analytical and numerical techniques to obtain novel and accurate solitary wave solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur (AKNS) equation. The Khater II (Khat II) method and extended cubic-B-spline (ECBS) scheme are utilized as recent computational and accurate numerical techniques, respectively, for investigating the AKNS equation and constructing highly precise solitary wave solutions. The stability characteristics of the obtained solutions are also analyzed to ensure their applicability. These solutions are characterized by their peak amplitudes, wave speeds, and widths. Through comparisons with previous numerical techniques, our proposed approach demonstrates superior effectiveness and reliability. The research is significant due to the application of the (2+1)-dimensional AKNS equation in modeling various physical phenomena, such as nonlinear optics, water waves, and plasma physics. The precise and efficient determination of solitary wave solutions not only enhances the understanding of these phenomena but also provides a valuable framework for practical applications. The results have substantial implications for comprehending complex wave dynamics in physical systems and serve as a valuable tool for further research and analysis in the field of wave dynamics.
The Nernst theorem and heat capacities of thermodynamic systems at ultra-low temperatures
Authors: Su Shanhe , Wang Junyi , Chen Xiaohang , Chen Jincan
Published: August 2023

The multitudinous expressions of the heat capacity possibly and impossibly appearing in ultra-low temperature thermodynamic systems are determined by using the Nernst theorem. It is found that the expression of the heat capacity possibly appearing in ultra-low temperature systems must satisfy Nernst’s theorem. Crucially, control discrimination methods are presented mathematically through which it can be judged for one new expression of the heat capacity that it possibly appears in ultra-low temperature thermodynamic systems or is fictional. These findings will contribute to enhancing our understanding of the behavior of ultra-low temperature systems.
Seismic Analysis of High-Speed Railway Bridge-CRTS III Slab Ballastless Track System Under Transverse Earthquake
Authors: Guo Wei , Xu Zian , Ye Yitao
Published: August 2023

The new generation of China Railway Track System III (CRTS III) ballastless track structure has been found vulnerable under high-level earthquakes. However, the seismic characteristics and the damage mechanism had not been well studied. In this paper, a 4-span high-speed railway (HSR) simply supported bridge-track system model is established to investigate the seismic response and damage mechanism of the bridge-CRTS III slab ballastless track system under transverse earthquakes by nonlinear history analysis. In accordance with the results, the piers have a good seismic performance under high-level earthquake (0.57 g). The non-uniform vibration of unequal-height piers results millimeter-level inconsistent displacements between the girders. The fixed bearing is vulnerable under the earthquakes with PGA of 0.3 g and 0.57 g, indicating that the seismic design of fixed bearing should be optimized to enhance the seismic resistance under high-intensity earthquake. After the damage of fixed bearing, the friction is not enough to pull the girders to vibrate together with piers which leads the sliding of girders. The sliding of girder exacerbates the non-uniform displacements of girders and roadbed. The non-uniform vibration and residual slips of girders lead deformation of the rail, especially forming turning angles at the girder joints which may impact the safety of train operation.
An Accurate Solution for Buckling and Nonlinear Analysis of a Sandwich Beam with Functionally Graded Material by Considering Zigzag Displacements
Authors: Chen Chung-De , Su Po-Wen , Chen Yu-Hsien
Published: August 2023

In this paper, critical buckling analysis and nonlinear load-deflection curve for sandwich beam with functionally graded material are presented based on refined zigzag theory (RZT). By using the variational principle, the equilibrium equations in buckling analysis are given based on the RZT formulations as well as the nonlinear strain-displacement relations. The solutions are also derived for eigenvalue problems in critical buckling load calculations and for load-deflection relations with initial geometric imperfection. The solutions are presented analytically, and the mathematical properties during the derivation process have been proven in order to keep the mathematical rigor. The present analytical RZT critical buckling loads are validated by the RZT FEM, which is the finite element solutions of the sandwich beam meshed by the beam elements based on RZT. These solutions are also compared by commercial software ANSYS, resulting that this approach can obtain an accurate critical buckling load. Various parameters such as aspect ratio, thickness ratio and modulus ratio are considered to investigate their effects on the critical buckling loads. The present results are compared to the beams with higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). From the comparisons of the RZT and the HSDT results, it is seen that both theories approach to CBT for slender beam. The results show that the HSDT overestimates the stiffness in the load-deflection curve. It is shown that the RZT exhibits the zigzag displacements at high accuracy, resulting in accurate calculation in critical buckling loads, mode shapes and nonlinear load-deflection curves than HSDT. The superiority of the RZT solutions is presented especially for the case of FGM sandwich beam with soft middle layer.
Coupled Parametric Vibration Model and Response Analysis of Single Beam and Double Cable Under Deterministic Harmonic and Random Excitation
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhou Huahua , Chen Xinghua , Xiang Hongjia
Published: August 2023

In order to reveal the coupling parametric vibration characteristics of stay cables under combined excitation, considering the effects of cable geometric nonlinearity, inclination and the cooperative vibration of adjacent cables and bridge deck beams, a single-beam–double-cable coupled parametric vibration model excited by Gaussian white noise and deterministic harmonic excitation is established, and the coupled motion equations are derived. The Milstein–Platen method is used to directly obtain the coupled random vibration time history of the single-beam–double-cable structure, and an iterative method is proposed to counter the influence of the parametric diffusion coefficient on the numerical format. By comparing with the finite element method and the Monte Carlo numerical simulation method, the accuracy of the Milstein–Platen method in solving the vibration time history of cable–beam coupling parameters under combined excitation is first verified. Then the random displacement, power spectral density and probability density variation of the cable and beam under the combined excitation of different intensities are analyzed from the angle of random orbit. The results show that under the joint action of deterministic harmonics and random excitation, the time–domain, frequency, and probability characteristics of the single-beam–double-cable coupling system are greatly affected by the Gaussian white noise excitation proportion coefficient, and the degree of influence is different. In addition, compared with the single cable model, the vibration analysis results of the coupling model considering multiple stay cables are more reasonable.
Finiteness of relative Gorenstein homological dimensions
Authors: Fan Hongyan , Tang Xi
Published: August 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be an abelian category and [Formula: see text] a pair of classes of objects in [Formula: see text]. Inspired by Bouchiba’s work on generalized Gorenstein projective modules, we give a new way of measuring [Formula: see text]-Gorenstein projective dimension by defining a complete [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] resolution. Then we relate the relative global Gorenstein homological dimension to the invariants silp([Formula: see text]) and spli([Formula: see text]) under some conditions. Furthermore, we prove that, in the setting of a left and right coherent ring [Formula: see text], the supremum of Ding projective dimensions of all finitely presented (left or right) [Formula: see text]-modules and the (left or right) Gorenstein weak global dimension are identical, generalizing a theorem of Ding, Li and Mao.
The Quest for Post-Chineseness Among Chinese Indonesian Intellectuals: An Intellectual History Agenda
Authors: ARYODIGUNO HARRYANTO , SHIH CHIH-YU
Published: August 2023

Due to the challenge of defining Chineseness, various disciplines can contribute to the subject without a single authority having a monopoly over its scope. Post-Chineseness is an evolving movement that aims to reduce the embarrassment of China scholars at their failure to exchange the methodologies and scopes of their subjects, often rendering them strangers to one another. Recognition is particularly relevant to the study of post-Chineseness. Chineseness is mutually recognized and denied in a variety of ways among both Chinese communities and individuals and in both self-regarded and other-regarded identities. Divergent approaches have created complex behavioral implications and a massive agenda for social science research. An agenda for post-Chineseness can examine these crises in the contemporary social sciences and humanities and has the potential to offer sophistication, recombination, and reconstruction for Chineseness in different contexts. This case study of several Chinese Indonesian intellectuals who have described their identity and connection with China illustrates how an agenda of post-Chineseness can simultaneously explain and deconstruct.
Network Analysis and In Silico Molecular Modeling of Bioactive Compounds from Sida cordifolia Against NMDA Receptor
Authors: Murali Cibe Chakaravarthy , Kunjiappan Selvaraj , Murugesan Sankaranarayanan , Pandian Sureshbabu Ram Kumar , Kathiresan Thandavarayan , Sundar Krishnan
Published: August 2023

Epilepsy, one of the most common neurological disorders, is characterized by continuing predisposition of epileptic seizures. Abnormal discharges of seizures burst the electrical functions in the brain leading to unprompted behaviors of brain activity. Recently, more attention has been focused on bioactive substances from plants as therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative disorders because of their efficacy, low toxicity, and less side-effects. This study has utilized in silico molecular modeling as a tool for screening effective antiepileptic compounds from Sida cordifolia which could be further explored for the treatment of epilepsy. Twenty-six bioactive compounds were identified through data repository and their structures were retrieved from PubChem database. Based on the Graph theoretical network analysis, NMDA protein was identified as an ideal drug target. The effective compound was chosen based on the docking scores and its drug-likeness properties were analyzed by in silico prediction of pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties. Based on molecular docking, 5,7-dihydroxy-3-isoprenyl flavone was identified as a better binder as this exhibited higher binding towards the target with lower binding energy (−10.5 kcal × mol[Formula: see text]. The stability of the protein–ligand complex was confirmed by molecular dynamics simulation study. The intermolecular interaction assessed during dynamic conditions indicated that the bioactive compound, 5,7-dihydroxy-3-isoprenyl flavone, from Sida cordifolia could be a potential lead molecule that can be developed as a candidate drug for anti-epileptic therapy.
Adopting Two Supervisors for Efficient Use of Large-Scale Remote Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Weiss Michael , Tonella Paolo
Published: August 2023

Recent decades have seen the rise of large-scale Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to achieve human-competitive performance in a variety of AI tasks. Often consisting of hundreds of million, if not hundreds of billion, parameters, these DNNs are too large to be deployed to or efficiently run on resource-constrained devices such as mobile phones or Internet of Things microcontrollers. Systems relying on large-scale DNNs thus have to call the corresponding model over the network, leading to substantial costs for hosting and running the large-scale remote model, costs which are often charged on a per-use basis. In this article, we propose
BiSupervised
, a novel architecture, where, before relying on a large remote DNN, a system attempts to make a prediction on a small-scale local model. A DNN supervisor monitors said prediction process and identifies easy inputs for which the local prediction can be trusted. For these inputs, the remote model does not have to be invoked, thus saving costs while only marginally impacting the overall system accuracy. Our architecture furthermore foresees a second supervisor to monitor the remote predictions and identify inputs for which not even these can be trusted, allowing to raise an exception or run a fallback strategy instead. We evaluate the cost savings and the ability to detect incorrectly predicted inputs on four diverse case studies: IMDb movie review sentiment classification, GitHub issue triaging, ImageNet image classification, and SQuADv2 free-text question answering. In all four case studies, we find that
BiSupervised
allows to reduce cost by at least 30% while maintaining similar system-level prediction performance. In two case studies (IMDb and SQuADv2), we find that
BiSupervised
even achieves a higher system-level accuracy, at reduced cost, compared to a remote-only model. Furthermore, measurements taken on our setup indicate a large potential of
BiSupervised
to reduce average prediction latency.
Zeolite Coated Separators for Improved Performance and Safety of Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Sharma Bhamiti , Alolaywi Haidar Y. , Tan Bing , Shepard David , Li Yunkui , Liao Yuhao , Cheng Yang-Tse
Published: August 2023

Lithium (Li) metal batteries are attractive due to their high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities. However, they can fail catastrophically due to dendritic nucleation, growth, and penetration through the polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE) separators. Poor electrolyte wetting and non-uniform Li ion flux are known to affect Li dendrite formation, especially since the PP/PE separators have non-uniform pore size distribution and typical organic electrolytes do not wet them well. In this work, we demonstrate that a porous zeolite coating on a commercial PP separator can improve electrolyte wettability and through plane ionic conductivity, giving rise to more uniform Li flux. Consequently, coated separator can delay dendrite penetration and enhance cell performance and safety. We tested Celgard 2400 (uncoated) and zeolite-coated separator (coated) in high energy NMC||Li cells for their rate capability and cycle life performance. Rate capability test for these cells shows that the additional resistance due to the zeolite coating can negatively impact the cell performance at high C-rates. However, cells with the coated separator outperform those with uncoated separator in the cycle life test with improved capacity retention. Symmetric cell studies performed to understand the differences in Li plating morphology indicate initial lower overpotential for the coated separator cells, revealing improved electrolyte wetting and relatively uniform Li flux. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals zeolite-coating microstructure with evenly distributed zeolite particles and cycled Li metal electrode morphologies. SEM images show much smoother Li plating morphology on Li metal surface in the cells with coated separators. This study highlights the potential of using zeolite-coated separators to enhance lithium metal battery (LMB) performance and safety.
Huge Leiomyomas Arising from Bilateral Uterine Remnants in a Mayer–Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome Patient with Coexisting Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Azuma Yukihiro , Yamamoto Koji , Matsumoto Mei , Nagata Hiroki , Wada Ikumi , Miyamoto Keisuke , Taniguchi Fuminori
Published: August 2023

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) is a rare congenital anomaly of the genital tract. Since the secretion of sex hormones from the ovaries is preserved, leiomyomas and adenomyomas, which are estrogen-dependent diseases, may develop from the uterine remnant. In contrast, patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the most common dystrophy in adults, are considered to be at high risk for benign tumors of the female reproductive system, such as uterine leiomyomas and ovarian cysts. A rare case of huge leiomyomas arising from bilateral uterine remnants in a woman with MRKHS with coexisting DM1 is presented. Her chief complaint was abdominal distension. On pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), two solid pelvic masses showing low signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging were seen. Both the uterine corpus and cervix were unclear, but bilateral ovaries were observed normally on MRI. Two uterine leiomyoma-like masses connected by a band of fibrous tissue were found by laparotomy. As with the MRI findings, the uterine cervix and vagina could not be detected macroscopically. Normal bilateral adnexa and round ligaments were identified. All of her symptoms improved after hysterectomy.
Hygienic Evaluation of Electrolyzed or Ozonated Water-Washed Apples Stored under Different Temperatures and Relative Humidity Conditions
Authors: Wang Jiao , Pei Yuequi , Kim Hyejin , Hong Sung-Yong , Om Ae-Son
Published: August 2023

The presence of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms is a concern for the safety of apples. In the present study, we evaluated the hygienic status of electrolyzed water (EW)- or ozonated water (OW)-washed apples, which were stored over 2 weeks under the combination of 2 different temperatures (25 and 30°C) and 2 different relative humidity (RH) conditions (85 and 90%). The average numbers of bacteria or fungi from unwashed and washed apples (EW or OW) did not show statistically significant differences at storage for 0, 1, or 2 weeks and had an increased tendency as the storage temperature, RH, and period increased. Identification of fungal isolates from apples revealed 3 main genera (Fusarium sp., Trichoderma sp., and Alternaria sp.) together with 8 minor genera (Meyerozyma sp., Aspergillus sp., Glomerella sp., Neofusicoccum sp., Penicillium sp., Hypoxylon sp., Talaromyces sp., and Coprinellus sp.). Moreover, sensory tests using EW- or OW-washed apples showed that OW did not significantly affect 5 quality characteristics (appearance, taste, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability). Our data suggest that EW or OW washing did not significantly reduce the levels of microorganisms on apples relative to the unwashed and that EW or OW washing did not deteriorate the quality of washed apples.
AKR1C3 Converts Castrate and Post-Abiraterone DHEA-S into Testosterone to Stimulate Growth of Prostate Cancer Cells via 5-Androstene-3β,17β-Diol
Authors: Detlefsen Andrea J. , Mesaros Clementina A. , Duan Ling , Penning Trevor M.
Published: August 2023

Androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) are used to treat castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) to stop a resurgence of androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Despite early success, patients on ARSIs eventually relapse, develop drug resistance, and succumb to the disease. Resistance may occur through intratumoral steroidogenesis mediated by upregulation of aldo-keto reductase family 1C member 3 (AKR1C3). Patients treated with leuprolide (castrate) and those treated with leuprolide plus abiraterone (post-Abi) harbor a reservoir of DHEA-S which could fuel testosterone (T) biosynthesis via AKR1C3 to cause a resurgence of prostate cancer cell growth. We demonstrate that concentrations of DHEA-S found in castrate and post-Abi patients are (i) converted to T in an AKR1C3-dependent manner in prostate cancer cells, and (ii) in amounts sufficient to stimulate AKR1C3-dependent cell growth. We observed this in primary and metastatic prostate cancer cell lines, CWR22PC and DuCaP, respectively. Androgen measurements were made by stable isotope dilution LC-MS/MS. We demonstrate AKR1C3 dependence using stable short hairpin RNA knockdown and pharmacologic inhibitors. We also demonstrate that free DHEA is reduced to 5-androstene-3β,17β-diol (5-Adiol) by AKR1C3 and that this is a major metabolite, suggesting that in our cell lines 5-Adiol is a predominant precursor of T. We have identified a mechanism of ARSI resistance common to both primary and metastatic cell lines that is dependent on the conversion of DHEA to 5-Adiol on route to T catalyzed by AKR1C3.

Significance:

We show that reservoirs of DHEA-S that remain after ARSI treatment are converted into T in primary and metastatic prostate cancer cells in amounts sufficient to stimulate cell growth. Pharmacologic and genetic approaches demonstrate that AKR1C3 is required for these effects. Furthermore, the route to T proceeds through 5-Adiol. We propose that this is a mechanism of ARSI drug resistance.
New species of Notocupes (Coleoptera: Archostemata) from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou beds, with discussion on the generic circumscription
Authors: LI YAN-DA , TIHELKA ERIK , NEWTON ALFRED F. , HUANG DI-YING , CAI CHEN-YANG
Published: August 2023

Exquisitely preserved fossils from the Middle Jurassic Haifanggou Formation (the Daohugou beds; ~165 Ma) and mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (~99 Ma) are studied to clarify the external morphology of Notocupes. Three new species from Daohugou are described as N. spinosus sp. nov., N. robustus sp. nov., and N. daohugouensis sp. nov. Our examination of specimens from Burmese amber does not support the division of Notocupes into Notocupes s.s. and Echinocups. Therefore we treat Echinocups syn. nov. as a junior synonym of Notocupes, and N. ohmkuhnlei comb. rev., N. neli comb. rev. and N. denticollis comb. rev. are returned to Notocupes from Echinocups.
Two new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from Aurora Memorial National Park, Luzon Island, Philippines
Authors: ANG YU PIN , COLLANTES JOHN PAUL R. , MANSIBANG JAYSON , CRUZ CYRUS JOB P. DELA , AUMENTADO JAMIE ANN M. , BIMEDA SHANE B. , CALLADO JOHN REY , FRITSCH PETER W. , BUSTAMANTE RENE ALFRED ANTON
Published: August 2023

Begonia masilig and Begonia akaw, both endemic to Aurora Memorial National Park, Luzon, Philippines, are described as species new to science. Begonia masilig is similar to B. droseroides in its rhizomatous habit and glandular trichomes on the inflorescence, but differs in lamina shape and overall size, and the vestiture of stipule, lamina margin, and outer tepals of staminate flowers. Begonia akaw is similar to B. ramosii in its short erect habit, ovate lamina and congested terminal inflorescence with 2-tepaled staminate flowers, but differs in inflorescence size and arrangement, and bract and ovary shape. Both new species are here proposed to be Endangered (EN) as per IUCN criteria.
Trichoglottis quadriga (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Vandeae: Aeridinae), a new species from Central Highlands of Sri Lanka
Authors: BANDARA CHAMPIKA , ATTHANAGODA ANUSHA GAYAN , PEIRIS GAYAN PRASANGA , JAYASUNDARA RAMITHA , RANASINGHE BHANUKA , KUMARA UDAYANGA NUWAN , ABERATHNE NIMANTHA , HETTIARACHCHI DUSHANTHA , DISSANAYAKE MALITH , KARUNATHILAKE THIMIRA , BANDARA NIWAHAL VIMUKTHI , FERNANDO OSHAN DEWMITH , WIJESUNDARA CHANDRA BANDARA , BANDARA NADEESHA LEWKE , KUMAR PANKAJ
Published: August 2023

Trichoglottis quadriga is described as a new species from the montane and sub-montane forests, between 900–1800 m elevations in Central Highlands of Sri Lanka. It is morphologically similar to Vietnamese endemic, T. canhii, but differs significantly in having 4-flowered racemes (vs. 5–12-flowered racemes); longer, terete spur, 3.2 mm long and 1.2 mm in diameter with bi-lobed apex (vs. shorter, broadly conical spur, 1.4–1.8 mm long and 1.2–1.5 mm in diameter near the base with roundish apex) and larger labellum, 5.5 mm long and 3.5 mm wide (vs. labellum 3.8–4.0 mm long, 1.8–2.0 mm wide). Colour plates, line drawing and field identification key are provided along with detailed taxonomic description, notes on habitat, ecology and distribution. A preliminary assessment of extinction risk according to the IUCN guidelines is also provided for the new species.
Begonia datii (sect. Coelocentrum Begoniaceae), a new species from Quang Binh Province, Central Vietnam
Authors: HOANG THANH SON , LIN CHE-WEI
Published: August 2023

Begonia datii, a new species of B. sect. Coelocentrum from Central Vietnam is described. It resembles B. filiformis in its habit, leaf shape and texture, but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by its peduncle and inflorescence covered with villous hairs (vs. glandular-hispid), bracts caducous (vs. persistent or semi-persistent), tepals pinkish-white to pink (vs. yellowish-green), glabrous outer tepals of pistillate flowers (vs. glandular-hispid abaxially), ovary and wings glabrous (vs. glandular-hispid). Also, the two species can be clearly separated by geographical distributions: Begonia datii occurs only in Quang Binh Province, where is separated from the nearest known population of B. filiformis by ca. 450 km in southwestern Guangxi of China.
First report of the genus Haritalodes Warren, 1890 from Micronesia (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Spilomelinae), with description of a new species
Authors: KO JAE–HO , ALBERT AUSTIN , DASARI ULZIIJARGAL BAYARSAIKHAN
Published: August 2023

N/A
Diversity of the Austral Summer Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation in the Southwestern Indian Ocean
Authors: Yang Yang , Liu Yanliang , Li Kuiping , Liu Lin , Yu Weidong
Published: August 2023

The 10–20-day quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) is active in the southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO) during austral summer. Compared with comprehensive analyses of the QBWO in the Asian monsoon regions during boreal summer, studies focusing on the austral summer QBWO in the SWIO are relatively scarce. In this study, the diversity of the austral summer QBWO in the SWIO is examined based on K-means cluster analysis, which objectively classifies two distinct modes: an eastward-propagating mode (EM) and a poleward-propagating mode (PM). For the EM (PM), an active convection center originates from the subtropical ocean (tropical ocean) and exhibits an eastward (poleward) propagation path. Moisture budget analysis reveals that positive moisture time tendency anomalies show a phase-leading relationship relative to both QBWO convection centers. This phase leading in moisture tendency anomalies is mainly due to horizontal moisture advection. Further analysis demonstrates that meridional moisture transport (i.e., the summer mean moisture advected by the meridional quasi-biweekly wind) is fundamentally responsible for moisture phase leading in both QBWO modes in their mature phases. The combined scale interaction among low frequency, quasi-biweekly, and high frequency contributes to the initial movement for both modes in the growing phases. Although the two modes in the SWIO are initiated in different regions and exhibit distinct evolutionary features, they are regulated by similar moisture dynamics: the northerlies (northeasterlies) of the cyclonic wind response bring higher mean moisture levels east (south) of the convective center, which leads to the eastward (southward) movement of the EM (PM).

Significance Statement

The quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO), which can affect extreme weather events, such as extreme precipitation and heat waves, is active in the southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO) during austral summer. Compared with previous studies of the QBWO in the Asian monsoon regions during boreal summer, studies focusing on the austral summer QBWO in the SWIO are relatively scarce. Specifically, we objectively classify the austral summer QBWO in the SWIO into two distinct modes: an eastward-propagating mode (EM) and a poleward-propagating mode (PM). Through moisture tendency diagnosis, we find that the two QBWO modes are regulated by similar moisture dynamics, although they are initiated in different regions and exhibit distinct evolutionary features. This improved understanding may provide insights into the monitoring and prediction of the QBWO.