bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Impacts of Highway Proximity on Freight Flow Patterns of Establishments
Authors: Sahu Prasanta K. , Chandra Aitichya , Pani Agnivesh
Published: November 2022

Highway proximity is essential to the economic growth of establishments and productivity of freight operations. The present study is motivated by the discernible gap in knowledge about the potential impacts of highway proximity on freight flow patterns of establishments. This knowledge gap impedes accurately estimating the potential benefits associated with infrastructure investments, especially related to freight-specific facility planning in developing countries. This paper investigates highway proximity impacts on freight establishments’ travel and shipment patterns using a comparative experiment approach. A total of 17 explanatory variables reflecting the freight flow pattern of an establishment have been considered. Proximity impact is evaluated by comparing the means of these explanatory variables among establishments closer to the highway, termed the “Influence” group, and those farther from the highway, defined as the “Control” group. Spatial and kernel analyses are carried out to determine the cut-off distance for demarcating samples into Influence and Control groups. The propensity score matching technique is subsequently used to create matched samples for a one-to-one comparison between the Influence group and Control group establishments. Results suggest that the Influence group typically consists of older establishments with larger business areas, generates many small-sized trips, and is associated with lower tonnage generation, expenditure, and shipment size than the Control group. The study findings are expected to have important implications on the infrastructure investment decision process and planning of freight operations.
3D organoid modeling of extramedullary hematopoiesis
Authors: Lara-Gonzalez Eloisa , Wittig Olga , Diaz-Solano Dylana , Cardier Jose E.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Under certain clinical and experimental conditions hematopoiesis occurs in other site than bone marrow (BM), such as the liver. Here, we develop a 3D organoid that mimics several components of the hematopoietic niche present during liver extramedullary hematopoiesis.

Aim:

To evaluate the capacity of a 3D hematopoietic organoid (3D-HO) to function as a hematopoietic like-niche allowing for blood cell production outside of the BM

Methods:

The 3D-HO is constituted by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) as the stromal component, BM isolated from 5-FU treated mice (FU-BMCs), collagen microspheres and plasma clot as scaffolds. The ability of the 3D-HO to support the survival and functionality of FU-BMCs was investigated by using confocal microscopy, histology analysis, flow cytometry, and clonogenic assays.

Results:

After 15 and 30 days, post-ectopic implantation, histological studies of the 3D-HO showed the presence of cells with myeloid and lymphoid lineage morphology. Flow cytometry analysis of these cells showed the presence of cells expressing hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPC) (Sca-1+/c-Kit+), myeloid (Gr-1+) and lymphoid (B220+ and CD19+) markers. Clonogenic assays showed that cells from the 3D-HO formed hematopoietic colonies. Expression of the Sry gene by cells from the 3D-HO, implanted for 30 days in female mice, indicated that male donor cells persist in this model of extramedullary hematopoiesis.

Conclusions:

The 3D-HO constitutes an extramedullary hematopoietic-like niche which supports the survival and functionality of FU-BMCs. It may constitute an efficient model for investigating, in vitro and in vivo, those factors that control hematopoiesis outside BM.
Conceptions and Practices of Equity in Research-Practice Partnerships
Authors: Farrell Caitlin C. , Singleton Corinne , Stamatis Kristina , Riedy Robbin , Arce-Trigatti Paula , Penuel William R.
Published: November 2022

This framework explores the plurality of ways that research-practice partnerships (RPPs) conceptualize issues of equity, and with what consequences for what gets studied, whose voices are included in inquiry, and what knowledge is foregrounded in partnership activity. We draw on institutional theory and the perspectives of members from diverse partnerships to create a framework on the beliefs and practices of equity in RPPs. In terms of their missions, RPPs’ conceptions of equity ranged from a focus on individualism and standardization, to advancing goals of identity, culture, and belonging and attending to power, justice, and anti-racism. Equity was reflected within processes for working together, varying across coordination, collaboration, or transformation of roles and power dynamics. For RPPs, the framework can help develop a common language and shared meanings. For future research, it can serve as an analytic lens to understand when and how RPPs work in service of educational transformation and change.
Hospital-based autonomous pre-clinical screening of COVID-19: An emergency triage using a vital signs recording system, Paris-Ile de France region
Authors: Brizio Albert , Faure Valérie , Baudino Franck , Wilmet Arnaud , Gonzalez Jean-Paul
Published: November 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic toll worldwide on the populations but also has been essentially supported by the existing public health system, particularly hospital-based emergency wards and intensive care units. In France, the first cases were identified on the 24th of January 2020. The first epidemic sprout emerged in the Eastern part of the country and spread in two weeks towards the center to the Paris-region where it peaked on the 14th of April 2020. In Paris and the region around it, the intensity of the epidemic has increased significantly to have a strong impact on all public and private hospital systems in a few weeks. During France’s 2020 COVID-19 epidemic, a private hospital went into a major organizational change of its Emergency Department which mainly included the use of a Telemedicine Booth for vitals automatic recording during triage procedures.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to share a unique exerience centered on the use of a Telemedicine Booth as a screening process during an epidemic.

Researche design: The present study is a case report describing the organizational scheme adopted by the hospital and discusses the data of 1844 patients that attended the facility over a month and the results of a questionaire survey adressed to the Emergency Department personnel.

Study sample: The study population is the population that Data where collecte.

Data collection and analysis: Quantitative activity indicators' data were collected with a specific triage register, patient management software and the Telemedicine Booth activity software and were analysed with basic statistics.

Results and Conclusions: Among the 1844 patients, 766 were engaged in an automated triage process supported by a Telemedicine Booth. Patients' clinical characteristics are comparable to those found in international literature during the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of the Telemedicine Booth as a screening process facilitated patients’ flow. It usefully participated in the patient rapid orientation, relieving the hospital emergency department, actively contributes in a safe and secure environment highly trusted by the hospital staff and health workers. To our knowledge, the Telemedicine Booth use as a screening process during an epidemic constitutes the first contribution to such an innovative approach.
Method using torque mode of motor for the shift of two-speed planetary CLAMT in bilateral electric drive tracked vehicle
Authors: Zhao Yidong , Chen Huiyan
Published: November 2022

For the shift control of clutchless automotive manual transmission (CLAMT) in electric vehicle, great difficulty is caused by the high level of precision and rapidity requirements of the speed and mode response of motor as well as the position response of gearshift sleeve, especially when confronted with off-road environment. To overcome the difficulty and achieve fast shift, a practical control method is proposed and applied to two-speed planetary CLAMT for off-road tracked vehicle with bilateral electric drive system, wire control system and unmanned driving purpose. In shift process, the method lets motor be controlled by applying torque mode and constant torque during active speed adjusting phase, lets gear engaging phase be started at the time when transmission ratio is regulated beyond a certain value close to target gear ratio – that is, at the time when the approach of synchronized state is achieved, lets synchronizer make a help for precise gear synchronization. Theoretical analysis of gear synchronization process is carried out. By increasing the level of motor torque, the duration of active speed adjusting phase can be obviously shortened. With the approach of synchronized state judged by using transmission ratio margin of small fixed positive value for reference, gear engaging phase can be achieved quickly. Off-road experiments show good performance of the shift control method. Experimental results and phenomena are discussed in detail for further and better understanding of real shift process.
An Innovative multi-sensor data fusion method based on thrice deeply-fusion architecture for multi-object tracking
Authors: Wang Bai-chao , Liu Cong-zhi , Zhang Li-tong , Wang Da-sen
Published: November 2022

For the purpose of track maintenance in a cluttered environment with some false alarms, false dismissals and measurement disturbances, this paper presents a new multi-object tracking procedure with uncertainty of the source of the measurement data returned from multi-sensor. The tracking method is a thrice deeply-fusion approach constructed by a primary fusion based on an improved probabilistic data association filter (IPDAF), a secondary fusion with historical motion trajectories, and a thrice fusion with road-markings. It incorporates the existence probabilities of the individual tracks and the variable number of objects based on the Bayesian estimation theory, which can improve the tracking performances effectively in an environment with high clutter density. A binary 2-D assignment is adopted for the optimal data association, which is established as a nonlinear optimization problem. In the motion modeling, it introduces multiple measurement models for different sensors into the method. Then, the estimation could be performed with greater reliability. The computational efficiency is satisfying and it can be used for real-time application, which is verified by two real test scenarios.
Optimization of pneumatic mufflers hybridized with metal sintered bronze porous material, expansion cone, and extended tube
Authors: Chiu Min-Chie , Chang Ying-Chun
Published: November 2022

Because of high pressure impulse noise emitted from the outlet of pneumatic equipment, an appropriate noise abatement device installed at the top of a venting outlet is compulsory. However, a given known noise reduction using a bronze-made sintered porous plug at the venting outlet is insufficient. An exploration of advanced noise reducing device is required. In this paper, three kinds of mufflers (Muffler A: with part AA (a bronze-made sintered porous inlet); Muffler B: with part BB (a casing with expansion cones and extended perforated/non-perforated tubes); and Muffler C: part AA (a bronze-made sintered porous inlet) + part BB (a casing with expansion cones and extended perforated/non-perforated tubes)) have been introduced and acoustically analyzed. To assist the optimization of mufflers composing of complicated acoustical mechanism, a finite element method using finite element method (run on COMSOL) together with a simplified objective function model and Genetic Algorithm (GA) is presented. Here, the simplified model of objective function is established by means of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). In addition, three kinds of frequencies, including one low frequency (500 Hz) and two high frequencies (3000 Hz, and 5000 Hz), have been chosen as the target frequencies during the muffler C’s optimization process. Consequently, considering a space-constrained situation, an optimally shaped muffler using both parameters D and L is efficiently accomplished within space-constraint situation.
The Emotional Rewards of Prosocial Spending Are Robust and Replicable in Large Samples
Authors: Aknin Lara B. , Dunn Elizabeth W. , Whillans Ashley V.
Published: November 2022

Past studies show that spending money on other people— prosocial spending—increases a person’s happiness. However, foundational research on this topic was conducted prior to psychology’s credibility revolution (or “replication crisis”), so it is essential to ask whether the evidence supporting this claim is robust and replicable. Here, we consider all 15 published preregistered experiments on prosocial spending to evaluate whether there is causal evidence for the idea that spending money on other people promotes happiness. Although the evidence appears somewhat mixed, we argue that the emotional benefits of prosocial spending are robust and replicable in large samples. These benefits are particularly likely when people have some choice about whether or how to give and when they understand how their generosity makes a difference. This review provides renewed support for the idea that prosocial spending promotes happiness and offers a template for revisiting phenomena that were established prior to the credibility revolution.
Does Ownership Structure Influence Dividend Distribution Policy in India? Evidence Using Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Pinto Geetanjali , Rastogi Shailesh , Kanoujiya Jagjeevan
Published: November 2022

This article evaluates the influence of ownership structure (OS) components on dividend distribution policy in India. More precisely, it aims to comprehend the impacts of promoters’ shareholdings (PRMS), institutional investors’ shareholdings (INS) and retail investors’ shareholdings (RIS) on dividends of Indian listed companies. This article uses equity dividend divided by book value (DNW) to determine the dividend distribution policy for the selected panel of 80 listed companies for the period of 5 years (2016–2020). The static as well as dynamic panel data regression models are applied in the study. The static panel data regression results exhibit that none of the three OS explanatory variables (PRMS, INS and RIS) affect significantly the dividend distribution policy of Indian listed companies. Similar results are depicted by the dynamic panel data regression model also, thus ensuring robustness of the results. Hence, this article does not find support for agency theory, signalling theory and clientele effect. The study recommends that investors need not consider the composition of shareholding pattern of a company to have any significant influence on dividends while making their investment-decisions. The findings also add to the increasing studies across the globe evaluating the influence of OS on dividends.
Exploring Special Education and Center for Independent Living Professional Beliefs on Collaboration and the Value-Based Principles That Drive Secondary Transition Service Delivery
Authors: Plotner Anthony J. , Walters Charles B. , Gonzalez Shelby
Published: November 2022

The importance of interagency collaboration to support the postschool outcomes of youth with disabilities is underscored in many ways. Perhaps one of the most important among them is the place of interagency collaboration as an evidence-based predictor of postschool success. Although Centers for Independent Living (CILs) receive U.S. federal funding to serve people with disabilities across the lifespan, little research exists to map the nature of their collaboration with local education agencies (LEAs) to this end. The current survey-based study examined perceptions of professionals in both settings (i.e., LEAs and CILs) on their current level of collaboration with one another and the value-based principles they believe influence their work as they support transition-age youth with disabilities ( n = 581). Findings indicate a widespread belief in the importance of CILs in youth transition service delivery, a stark contrast between CIL and school-based transition professional perceptions of current collaboration, and a dynamic landscape of shared and divergent ratings of importance across value-based principles of transition practice. Practical implications are outlined to inform CIL and LEA collaboration to support youth with disabilities alongside directions for future research.
Can perception be extended to a “feel of north”? Tests of automaticity with the NaviEar
Authors: Witzel Christoph , Lübbert Annika , O’Regan J. Kevin , Hanneton Sylvain , Schumann Frank
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the potential for the development of novel perceptual experiences through sustained training with a sensory augmentation device. We developed (1) a new geomagnetic sensory augmentation device, the NaviEar, and (2) a battery of tests for automaticity in the use of the device. The NaviEar translates head direction toward north into continuous sound according to a “wind coding” principle. To facilitate automatization of use, its design is informed by considerations of the embodiment of spatial orientation and multi-sensory integration, and it uses a sensory coding scheme derived from means for auditory perception of wind direction that is common in sailing because it is easy to understand and use. The test battery assesses different effects of automaticity (interference, rigidity of responses, and dynamic integration) assuming that automaticity is a necessary criterion to show the emergence of perceptual feel, that is, an augmented experience with perceptual phenomenal quality. We measured performance in simple training tasks, administered the tests for automaticity, and assessed subjective reports through a questionnaire. Results suggest that the NaviEar is easy and comfortable to use and has a potential for applications in real-world situations. Despite high usability, however, a 5-day training with the NaviEar did not reach levels of automaticity that are indicative of perceptual feel. We propose that the test battery for automaticity may be used as a benchmark test for iterative research on perceptual experiences in sensory augmentation and sensory substitution.
Patriarchy's Link to Intimate Partner Violence: Applications to Survivors’ Asylum Claims
Authors: Saunders Daniel G. , Jiwatram-Negrón Tina , Nanasi Natalie , Cardenas Iris
Published: November 2022

Eligibility for asylum for survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) has recently been contested. We summarize social science evidence to show how such survivors generally meet asylum criteria. Studies consistently show a relationship between patriarchal factors and IPV, thereby establishing a key asylum criterion that women are being persecuted because of their status as women. Empirical support is also provided for other asylum criteria, specifically: patriarchal norms contribute to state actors’ unwillingness to protect survivors, and survivors’ political opinions are linked to an escalation of perpetrators’ violence. The findings have implications for policy reform and supporting individual asylum-seekers.
Medication errors in cancer therapy: Reports from German hospital pharmacists between 2008 and 2019
Authors: Weber Lisa , Langebrake Claudia , Picksak Gesine , Schöning Tilman , Schulze Ingo , Jaehde Ulrich
Published: November 2022

Objective

Since medication errors can have severe consequences, the development of methods to improve patient safety is becoming increasingly important. The aim of this evaluation was to identify frequent medication errors in oncology as well as characteristic correlations in the various error patterns. In addition, the implementation rate of the proposed pharmaceutical intervention was determined in order to assess the benefit of a clinical pharmacist in the field of oncology.

Methods

The evaluation was based on a data-set from a national documentation system for medication errors and interventions (DokuPIK) used by hospital pharmacists in the field of oncology from 2008 to 2019, namely 6684 reported cases in oncology, representing about 5% of all reports in DokuPIK.

Results

The most frequently reported errors were incorrect doses (22% of reported errors), followed by interactions (14%); in 10% of errors the prescription/documentation was incomplete/incorrect. The intervention suggested by the pharmacist was implemented in 97% of the cases. Based on the respective Anatomical Therapeutical Chemical Classification (ATC codes), drugs (or groups of drugs) were identified that were reported frequently in connection with medication errors, namely carboplatin and cyclophosphamide as anticancer drugs pantoprazole as non-anticancer drug.

Conclusion

Frequently occurring medication errors in the field of oncology were identified, facilitating the development of specific recommendations for action and prevention strategies. The implementation of an electronic prescription software is particularly recommended for the avoidance of dosage errors in chemotherapy.
Pharmacokinetic characterization, benefits and barriers of subcutaneous administration of monoclonal antibodies in oncology
Authors: Homšek Ana , Spasić Jelena , Nikolić Neda , Stanojković Tatjana , Jovanović Marija , Miljković Branislava , Vučićević Katarina M
Published: November 2022

Objective

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in oncology are slowly becoming the dominant treatment option for many different cancer types. The main route of administration, infusion, requires extensive product preparations, patient hospitalization and close monitoring. Patient comfort improvement, staff workload reduction and cost savings dictated the development of subcutaneous formulations. The aim of this review is to present pharmacokinetic characteristics of subcutaneous products, discuss the differences between intravenous and subcutaneous routes and to point out the advantages as well as challenges of administration route shift from the formulation development and pharmacometric angle.

Data sources

Food and Drug administration's Purple book database and electronic medicines compendium were used to identify monoclonal antibodies in oncology approved as subcutaneous forms. Using keywords subcutaneous, monoclonal antibodies, pharmacokinetics, model, as well as specific drugs previously identified, both PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were researched.

Data summary

There are currently six approved subcutaneous onco-monoclonal antibodies on the market. For each of them, exposure to the drug was similar in relation to infusion, treatment effectiveness was the same, administration was well tolerated by the patients and costs of the medical service were reduced.

Conclusion

Development of subcutaneous forms for existing and emerging new monoclonal antibodies for cancer treatment as well as shifting from administration via infusion should be encouraged due to patient preference, lower costs and overall lack of substantial differences in efficacy and safety between the two routes.
Hemangiosarcoma of the nasal planum in cats: five cases (2010–2021)
Authors: McGrath Alysha M , Cook Matthew R , Culp William TN , Oblak Michelle L , Oramas Alberto , Bertran Judith , Tremolada Giovanni , Lapsley Janis , Selmic Laura E
Published: November 2022

Case series summary

Nasal planum tumors are rare in cats, with squamous cell carcinoma over-represented. Other skin tumors have been reported in this location and though hemangiosarcoma frequently occurs on the skin of the head, these tumors localized to the nasal planum have not been specifically reported. The objectives of this study were to report the clinical findings and outcomes in cats diagnosed with hemangiosarcoma of the nasal planum. Medical records from four different institutions were reviewed to identify cats with a definitive diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma of the nasal planum. Five cats met the inclusion criteria. One cat was treated with palliative radiation therapy (RT) alone, two cats had lesions removed via an excisional biopsy by the primary care veterinarian and two cats had excisional biopsies performed at a referral institution. All four cats that received surgical treatment were treated with adjuvant strontium-90 therapy. The cat receiving palliative RT alone was lost to follow-up 311 days after treatment. At the time of writing, the survival time for 2/3 cats receiving surgery and strontium-90 was 365 days and 1381 days, respectively. One cat receiving this combination of therapy was lost to follow-up immediately after treatment. One cat developed tumor recurrence and a revision surgery via nasal planectomy and upper lip resection was performed 376 days following the initial surgery. Following revision, palliative RT was pursued. The cat was still alive at the time of writing 618 days after the initial procedure, with no evidence of recurrence.

Relevance and novel information

In this case series, surgery was the primary treatment used, but due to the location, only narrow or incomplete surgical margins were possible. RT (strontium-90 and/or palliative) was utilized to decrease the risk of recurrence.
Feline pulmonary hypertension: are we overlooking an important comorbidity?
Authors: Rolph Kerry E , Cavanaugh Sarah M
Published: November 2022

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a potential complication in many disease states, yet it has been largely overlooked in feline medicine. Recently, increased awareness of potential underlying causes has led to a wider understanding of the disease process in humans, with a focus on tailoring therapy to include specific treatment of the underlying etiology. Most of these treatments are not yet available in veterinary medicine, but as they move from the human to the veterinary field, it would be beneficial to better understand the forms of PH encountered in different species. Recently, diagnosis and classification of PH in dogs has been the focus of an American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement, yet this condition has received little attention in cats. It is therefore our intention to raise awareness of this condition in cats and to propose a classification system for the types of PH seen in feline patients. As new medications are developed for the treatment of PH, it is important to recognize which forms of PH are seen in feline patients and understand the etiology of the disease. There are many reports of PH (or suspected PH based on echocardiographic assessment) in cats. In this review, we highlight the large number of conditions, and different etiologies, that are associated with PH. Improving understanding of this condition will bring us closer to being able to investigate the benefits of potential new diagnostics and therapies as they become available.
Groin pain of neurological origin as a differential diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement
Authors: Aguilera-Bohórquez Bernardo , Juárez Omar , Calvache Daniela , Cantor Erika , Navarro Hernando , Vélez José , Pachón-Vásquez Mauricio
Published: November 2022

Background:

To describe the experience in the diagnostic process and treatment of patients with groin pain (GP) of neurological origin due to entrapment of the iliohypogastric (IH), ilioinguinal (IL) and genitofemoral (GF) nerves in a hip preservation clinic.

Methods:

Retrospective study of patients with GP of neurological origin confirmed with ultrasound-guided nerve block. Clinical outcomes were reported in 21 cases (age, 53.3 ± 15.9 years) treated with conservative treatment from January to December 2019, and in 9 patients (age 43.7 ± 14.6 years) who underwent neurectomy from January 2015 to December 2019. Pain intensity was assessed with a numerical rating scale (NRS) before starting the diagnostic process (Day 0) and at the end of follow-up.

Results:

All cases reported pain on groin palpation. Half of these cases also reported a positive FADIR test (flexion, adduction, internal rotation) (15/30). On day 0, the intensity of pain in cases treated with conservative treatment was severe in 19 patients (NRS 7–10) and moderate in 2 (NRS 4–6), with a median improvement of 7 points (interquartile range [IQR] 5.5–8.0) at the end of follow-up ( p  < 0.001). In neurectomy group, a similar improvement in pain severity was (Day 0: 9 points [IQR 8.0–9.0]; end of follow-up: 0 points [IQR: 0–2.0]; p  = 0.002). At the end of the study, 17/21 patients with conservative treatment and 7/9 with neurectomy were pain free or with mild pain (NRS < 3).

Conclusions:

In cases with PG of neurological origin, there is a high frequency of false positives in the FADIR test. Our findings suggest that neurectomy is a treatment option for patients in whom conservative treatment fails, providing significant pain relief.
Characterizing Clinical Heterogeneity in a Large Inpatient Addiction Treatment Sample: Confirmatory Latent Profile Analysis and Differential Levels of Craving and Impulsivity
Authors: Minhas Meenu , Cooper Alysha , Sousa Sarah , Costello Mary Jean , MacKillop James
Published: November 2022

Background:

Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) have highly heterogeneous presentations and identifying more homogeneous subgroups may foster more personalized treatment. This study used SUD and other psychiatric indicators to characterize latent subgroups of patients in a large inpatient addiction treatment program. The resulting subgroups were then analyzed with respect to differences on clinically informative motivational mechanisms.

Methods:

Patients (n = 803) were assessed for severity of SUD (ie, alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder), post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, and major depressive disorder. Confirmatory latent profile analysis (CLPA) was used to identify latent subgroups, hypothesizing 4 subgroups. Subgroups were then characterized with respect to multiple indicators of impulsivity (ie, delay discounting and impulsive personality traits via the UPPS-P) and craving.

Results:

The CLPA confirmed the hypothesized 4-profile solution according to all indicators (eg, entropy = 0.90, all posterior probabilities ⩾.92). Profile 1 (n = 229 [32.2%], 24.9% female, median age in range of 45-49) reflected individuals with high alcohol severity and low psychiatric severity (HAlc/LPsy). Profile 2 (n = 193 [27.1%], 29.3% female, median age in range of 35-39) reflected individuals with high drug and psychiatric severity (HDrug/HPsy). Profile 3 (n = 160 [22.5%], 37.6% female, median age in range of 45-49) reflected individuals with high alcohol severity and psychiatric severity (HAlc/HPsy). Profile 4 (n = 130 [18.3%], 19.4% female, median age in range of 35-39) reflected individuals with high drug severity and low psychiatric severity (HDrug/LPsy). Both high comorbid psychiatric severity subgroups exhibited significantly higher craving and facets of impulsivity.

Conclusions:

The results provide further evidence of 4 latent subgroups among inpatients receiving addiction treatment, varying by alcohol versus other drugs and low versus high psychiatric comorbidity. Furthermore, they reveal the highest craving and impulsivity in the high psychiatric comorbidity groups, suggesting targets for more intensive clinical intervention in these patients.
XGBoost, A Novel Explainable AI Technique, in the Prediction of Myocardial Infarction: A UK Biobank Cohort Study
Authors: Moore Alexander , Bell Max
Published: November 2022

We wanted to assess if “Explainable AI” in the form of extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) could outperform traditional logistic regression in predicting myocardial infarction (MI) in a large cohort. Two machine learning methods, XGBoost and logistic regression, were compared in predicting risk of MI. The UK Biobank is a population-based prospective cohort including 502 506 volunteers with active consent, aged 40 to 69 years at recruitment from 2006 to 2010. These subjects were followed until end of 2019 and the primary outcome was myocardial infarction. Both models were trained using 90% of the cohort. The remaining 10% was used as a test set. Both models were equally precise, but the regression model classified more of the healthy class correctly. XGBoost was more accurate in identifying individuals who later suffered a myocardial infarction. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) scores are class size invariant. In this metric XGBoost outperformed the logistic regression model, with ROC scores of 0.86 (accuracy 0.75 (CI ±0.00379) and 0.77 (accuracy 0.77 (CI ± 0.00369) respectively. Secondly, we demonstrate how SHAPley values can be used to visualize and interpret the predictions made by XGBoost models, both for the cohort test set and for individuals. The XGBoost machine learning model shows very promising results in evaluating risk of MI in a large and diverse population. This model can be used, and visualized, both for individual assessments and in larger cohorts. The predictions made by the XGBoost models, points toward a future where “Explainable AI” may help to bridge the gap between medicine and data science.
Common sense justice? Comparing populist and mainstream right positions on law and order in 24 countries
Authors: Koning Edward A , Puddister Kate
Published: November 2022

While the subject of populism receives increasing scholarly attention from both political scientists and criminologists, so far these two bodies of literature have existed mostly in isolation of each other. This paper aims to connect them by investigating whether parties that political scientists describe as populist are likely to evince positions on criminal justice that criminologists describe as populist. Relying on a secondary data analysis comparing mainstream right-wing and populist right-wing parties for 131 elections in 24 countries since 1973, this paper concludes that the populist right on average expresses slightly more support for penal populism than the mainstream right, but that its positioning is crucially shaped by considerations relating to issues of immigration and multiculturalism. These findings suggest that most contemporary populist parties on the right primarily pursue a nativist agenda and will only invoke penal populism when it fits this overall strategy.
Pandemic and prejudice: Revisiting Bogardus’s social distance concept in a time of COVID-19
Authors: Shi Ellen , Platow Michael J. , Bar-Tal Daniel , Augoustinos Martha , Spears Russell , Van Rooy Dirk
Published: November 2022

This study examined when the realistic threat of COVID-19 leads to prejudicial social distancing. American participants reported social distancing preferences from Chinese or Italian people (out-group target) after viewing increasing or decreasing COVID-19 case numbers (threat level) in China or Italy (threat relevance). On the Bogardus Social Distance Scale, there was support for a disease avoidance hypothesis: greater social distancing preferences were expressed under higher than under lower relevant threats. Responses on a bespoke COVID-19 Social Distance Scale, however, supported an a priori prejudice hypothesis: greater social distancing preferences were expressed toward a Chinese than toward an Italian out-group. Moreover, responses on a separate bespoke Modern Social Distance Scale supported a complex prejudice hypothesis: greater social distancing preferences were expressed toward Chinese than toward Italian out-groups under higher than under lower threat, regardless of threat relevance. These findings suggest that the threat of COVID-19 may enable prejudice expression accompanied by the rationale of disease avoidance.
COVID-19 and the ecological crisis: What do they have in common?
Authors: De Vogli Roberto
Published: November 2022

This lecture transcript is divided in four parts. First, I examine the main public-health strategies in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Although there are numerous factors capable of explaining national differences in COVID-19 mortality that are not attributable to merits or demerits of governments, I have identified five lethal errors (lack of preparation, misinformation, medicalisation, a policy approach based on a ‘laissez-faire’ attitude to the virus and social inequity) and four vital actions (testing, tracing, isolating with support, timeliness and immunisation) that best distinguish success or failure in tackling the pandemic. In the second part, I analyse the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and major risk factors for emerging zoonotic diseases (e.g. exploitation of animal wildlife, deforestation, agricultural intensification and climate change) to be addressed to prevent future pandemics. Then, I discuss the interrelationships between the COVID-19 pandemic and the ecological crisis in the context of the so-called neoliberal variant of capitalism. Both crises are largely determined by anthropogenic risk factors influenced by a model of economic development that prioritises infinite economic growth, free trade and a global self-regulating market over any other values of society (including human survival). An alternative economic approach, capable of creating a new balance between the health of humans, animals, and the environment (by modifying their structural drivers), is the most important antidote against new spillovers and climate change. It is the humanitarian immune response we need to protect global health from future pandemics and ecological collapse.
Police culture, transparency and civilian oversight: A case study of the National City Police Department
Authors: Triola Anthony M , Chanin Joshua
Published: November 2022

The aim of this article is to take stock of theorizing around the concept of police culture, the degree to which it may be static or dynamic, and the ways in which these collectively shared practices and ideals influence and are influenced by social structural problems. We take a “ground-up” approach to this problem by conducting interviews with officers and staff from a relatively small Southern California police department (National City Police Department). The interviews were aimed at gauging officer opinions on the issues of civilian oversight and departmental transparency. These were conducted using Q-sorts, which prompt the interviewee to rank order responses to the questions. These answers were subjected to exploratory factor analysis, the function of which is to take steps towards ascertaining latent causal relationships that underlie correlational relationships. The inductive nature of this methodological approach limits its generalizability but allows for exploration into open-ended questions that can serve as bases for the expansion or refashioning of theoretical approaches. Overall, our findings suggest a need for further exploration into the extent to which demographic and experiential characteristics may underlie a more diversified police occupational culture than the traditional police culture narrative suggests.
Influence of curvy stiffeners on the axial crushing response of 3D-printed polymer composite cylindrical tubular structures
Authors: Praveen Kumar A , Vetrivel Sezhian M
Published: November 2022

Fused deposition modeling, is one of the highly efficient layer-wise additive manufacturing techniques that have shown great prospective in fabricating the energy-absorbing structures as per the designed geometry with appreciable accuracy. In this research study, the axial crushing performance of various polymer and polymer composite-based cylindrical tubular structures with different types of curved stiffeners is investigated experimentally. Four design configurations were proposed for the cylindrical tube with curved stiffeners and all the tubular samples were fabricated through fused deposition modeling-based 3D printing technique. Subsequently, quasi-static axial crushing tests were performed for the successfully fabricated tubes and their axial crushing characteristics were determined and compared. Overall results indicated that the P/CF-CCS1 configuration shows highly improved energy absorption efficiency than the other tube configurations considered in this study. Cylindrical tubes with curvy stiffeners show a more stabilized crushing response with better energy absorption capability in all of the proposed tube configurations.
The effect of servant leadership on competitiveness of startups: The mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation and self-efficacy
Authors: Alikhani Zahra , Shahriari Mohsen
Published: November 2022

Startups have different conditions and characteristics than other companies, so the leader, as one of the main elements of the company, can play an important role in properly training employees and discovering new opportunities and leading the company towards competitiveness. Strengthening intangible assets and increasing entrepreneurial behaviors are essential for the success of companies. A servant leadership style that strengthens employee self-efficacy and entrepreneurial orientation can play an important role in effectively leading startups towards better competitiveness. However, empirical evidence for this relationship is scarce. The present study examines the mediating role of self-efficacy and entrepreneurial orientation in the relationship between servant leadership and competitiveness. Data were collected from a sample of 230 start-up employees. Data analysis was completed through a two-stage partial least squares structural equation modeling technique. At the first stage, the measurement model was examined for construct validity and reliability, whereas at the second stage, the structural model and by implication the research hypotheses were tested. The results show that the relationship between servant leadership and competitiveness is mediated positively and significantly through self-efficacy and entrepreneurial orientation. While the direct impact of servant leadership on competitiveness is not strongly supported.
Gentrification and everyday democracy
Authors: Draper Jamie
Published: November 2022

This article diagnoses a novel problem with gentrification: that it can hinder valuable forms of everyday democratic communication. In order to make this argument, I develop a democratic interpretation of Iris Marion Young's ‘ideal of city life’, according to which social differentiation is valuable because of the epistemic role that it plays in the production and circulation of diverse social perspectives. I then leverage that ideal to examine two kinds of spatial and demographic changes associated with gentrification: community disintegration in enclaves and homogenisation in public spaces. I argue that community disintegration in enclaves can make the production of social perspectives within disadvantaged communities more difficult. I then argue that homogenisation in public spaces can undermine the role of such spaces as sites of democratic performance for the wider circulation of social perspectives in the public sphere. Finally, I reflect on the reach of my argument for broader judgements about the permissibility of policies that foster or permit gentrification.
Complex Bayesian group Lasso for defect imaging with guided waves
Authors: Hu Yue , Zhu Yanping , Cui Fangsen , Xiao Jing , Cao Shuai , Li Fucai , Bao Wenjie
Published: November 2022

The defect imaging based on guided wave provides an intuitive way for defect localization. Recently, sparse representation methods based on the damage sparsity assumption have been developed for defect imaging, where few sensors are used in these methods. However, these sparse imaging methods need repeatedly tuning the regularization parameter to obtain a good imaging performance. In this paper, an adaptive method based on complex Bayesian group Lasso is developed for localizing the damage. A group Lasso model is constructed to represent the defect imaging problem, and formulated by a sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) framework, where a hierarchical model of a Laplace prior is built to represent the group Lasso regularization. Estimations of the model variables are derived by using variational inference. In the proposed method, the model parameters are automatically updated without needing priori information. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by analyzing an experimental data.
The use of circumferential guided waves to monitor axial cracks in pipes
Authors: Rodgers Euan Craig , Mariani Stefano , Cawley Peter
Published: November 2022

Guided wave testing is in routine use to detect corrosion, particularly in the oil and gas sector, but the detection of axial cracking is difficult using the axially propagating waves commonly used for corrosion detection. This paper presents a novel guided wave monitoring technique for the detection of axial cracking in piping. Circumferential SH0 waves, travelling around the circumference were used in a monitoring configuration to detect axial defects in a 6 inch schedule 80 steel pipe. Finite Element (FE) analysis showed that both the defect reflection and the decline in the transmitted SH0 wave can be used for defect detection. Baseline subtraction was utilised to produce residual signals that can be better analysed for small defect reflections. The Root-Mean-Square (RMS) of the residual signal after baseline subtraction was found to be the most satisfactory means of monitoring defect progression. An amplification effect was identified where the residual signal is compounded by continued interaction with the defect on each revolution of the incident wave. The FE predictions were validated by an experiment in which an Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) notch was grown in four stages. Temperature compensation using Location Specific Temperature Compensation (LSTC) was applied to the experimental data, allowing residuals to be compared for a ∼10 °C temperature swing over a monitoring period of over 2 months. It was determined that a 10 mm long (∼23% of wavelength), 5 mm deep (∼45% of the wall thickness) defect at an axial offset from the line of the transducers of 1.5 wavelengths (65 mm) would be readily detectable with a very high Probability of Detection (POD) and virtually no chance of a false call. Therefore, this novel guided wave monitoring system for axial crack detection is likely to be attractive for applications in a range of industries for its sensitivity to axial cracking combined with large coverage from a single transducer location.
Political dissent and citizenship education during times of populism and youth activism
Authors: Stitzlein Sarah M.
Published: November 2022

To maintain and improve our democracy, we must better prepare students for understanding, valuing, participating in, and responding to political dissent. This is especially the case in light of recent developments in political life that have made displays of public outcry more widespread, though not always well-done. This article reflects on recent growth in populism and youth activism to make a case for improved ways of understanding and teaching for good political dissent.