bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA PARTICIPACIÓN INFANTIL Y LA CONVIVENCIA EN ESPACIOS ESCOLARES: UNA EXPERIENCIA PARA SU MEJORA EN LA EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA.
Authors: Serrano-Arenas Denys , Victorino-Ramírez Liberio
Published: January 2021

Es prioritario brindarles medios a las niñas y los niños para cambiar su autoconcepción de sujetos a agentes de cambio, que no solo viven conforme a las condiciones que les tocó vivir, sino que tienen el poder colectivo de cambiar su entorno a través de la acción organizada. Para ello, la participación es un bien esencial, un derecho de las niñas y los niños que permite vincular a las personas a través de la expresión de intereses, preocupaciones y deseos. Partiendo de la implementación de un programa de participación infantil, se realizó la presente investigación con un grupo escolar, el cual, permitió conocer la relación entre el aumento de la responsabilidad con su entorno y el interés de seguir realizando prácticas participativas.Abstract It’s a priority to give girls and boys means to change their self-conception from subjects to agents of change, that they not only live according to the conditions they live in, but that they have the collective power to change their environment through organized action. The participation is an essential good, a right for girls and boys, which allows them to gather people through the expression of interests, preoccupations and desires.  Starting from an implementation of a child participatory program, the present investigation was realized with a school group, which allowed us to know the relationship between the increase of responsibility with their environment and the interest to keep having a participatory practice. Keywords: participation, values, action and citizen.
PROPUESTA EVALUATIVA ALTERNA PARA EL CURSO QUÍMICA I, UNED CASO: PLAN REMEDIAL
Authors: Castillo-Rodríguez Kenneth , Hernández-Chaverri Rodolfo
Published: January 2021

El fundamento de este estudio es analizar la propuesta de Plan Educativo Remedial para el curso Química I. Plan Educativo Remedial es un curso que creó la Cátedra de Ciencias Químicas de manera conjunta con el Programa de Orientación y Atención Psicoeducativa de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), para ayudar a todos aquellos estudiantes que tienen problemas de repitencia en la asignatura de Química I (3114). Se ha visto que la promoción a través de los años ha sido muy baja, no supera el 23%. Durante todo el año 2014 y primer cuatrimestre de 2015 se matricularon 307 estudiantes bajo este plan remedial, y aprobaron 112, desertaron 46 y reprobaron 149 estudiantes. De los estudiantes aprobados 52% eran hombres y 48% mujeres. El centro universitario en donde aprobaron más de estudiantes fue en el centro universitario de Pérez Zeledón, seguido del de Ciudad Neilly. El curso cumplió con las expectativas de mejorar la promoción ya que, en el tercer cuatrimestre de 2014 y primer cuatrimestre de 2015 la tasa de aprobación fue superior al 52% de los matriculados en el plan, se espera que aumente con el pasar del tiempo.Abstract The object of this study is to analyze the proposed Remedial Plan for I Chemistry course. Remedial Plan is a course that created the Department of Chemical Sciences of the Open University (UNED), to help those students who have problems of repetition in the subject of Chemistry I (3114), the promotion through the years has been very low, not exceeding 23% . During 2014 and first quarter of 2015, 307 students were enrolled under this remedial plan, and approved 112, deserted 46 and 149 students flunked. Students approved 52 % were male and 48 % female. The CU where more number of students was approved was Perez Zeledon followed by Ciudad Neilly. The course if met expectations to improve the promotion because, in the third quarter of 2014 and first quarter of 2015 the approval rate was higher than 52% of those enrolled in the plan, is expected to increase with the passage of time.Keywords: Chemistry I, Plan Remedial, Retention, Evaluation, Passing, Failure
EL EFECTO DE LA CALIDAD EN UN PROGRAMA DE ESTUDIO ACREDITADOS: CASO DEL BACHILLERATO EN LA ENSEÑANZA DEL INGLÉS EN LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL, COSTA RICA
Authors: Chaves-Fernández Lindsay A. , Rojas-Cerdas Didier , Chaves-Carballo Olga L.
Published: January 2021

La Escuela de Literatura y Ciencias del Lenguaje de la Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica posee un Bachillerato en la Enseñanza del Inglés, acreditado por SINAES desde el año 2006. Este artículo presenta una investigación acerca del alcance de esta carrera en la preparación adecuada de sus estudiantes. Para realizar esta investigación, los estudiantes de primer ingreso, así como los de cuarto año realizaron una encuesta sobre la acreditación y el plan de estudios, respectivamente. Los resultados muestran que más del 94% de los estudiantes están informados sobre la acreditación, y manifiestan satisfacción con las competencias pedagógicas y lingüísticas adquiridas en su plan de estudios. Los investigadores concluyen que este bachillerato está cumpliendo con los objetivos de mejora permanente que implica tener una carrera acreditada.Abstract The School of Literature and Languages of the Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica has a Bachelor’s Degree in English Teaching, accredited by SINAES since the year 2006. This article presents a research about the scope of this major on the students’ adequate education.  Freshmen students of the major answered a survey related to their awareness regarding the accreditation, and senior students answered a questionnaire about the quality of the major’s curriculum. The results show that over 94% of the students are informed about the accreditation, and express satisfactory feelings about the pedagogical and linguistic competencies acquired in the major. The researchers conclude that this degree is accomplishing the objectives of the ongoing improvement required by SINAES accreditation.Keywords: English teaching, quality, accreditation, curriculum, English teachers.
High Resolution CT following Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax in Adolescents: Useful tool or wasted radiation? Dr. Sarah Stanko, MD University of Arizona, Dr. Colette Oesterle, MD University of Arizona, Dr. Merlin Lowe, MD University of Arizona Keywords: primary spontaneous pneumothorax, pneumothorax, bleb, adolescent, pediatrics, chest tubes Correspondence: Dr. Merlin Lowe Dept. of Pediatrics 1501 N. Campbell Ave. Tucson, AZ 85724 520-626-6614 520-626-2883 lowe@peds.arizona.edu
Authors: Stanko Sarah , Lowe Merlin , Oesterle Colette
Published: January 2021

Background The current trend in management of first-time primary
spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) in children is to obtain a high
resolution chest computerized tomography (HRCT) scan to look for
bleb/bullae disease or other structural lung disease. We aimed to
evaluate the significance of HRCT findings in relation to initial
management strategies, and we hypothesized that these findings do not
guide management. Methods We evaluated patients with first time PSP in a
single-institution, retrospective, longitudinal study. The primary
endpoint was the percentage of patients who underwent surgical
intervention after HRCT. Results We identified ten children from 10-17
years old from January 2013 to November 2019 who met criteria for the
study. Seven out of ten patients (70%) had HRCT after first-time PSP
during the same hospital stay. Blebs/bullae were discovered in five out
of seven (71%) of those patients. Two of those five patients had
subsequent surgical intervention (40%). 28% of those who had a HRCT
had surgery at that point. Of those treated conservatively with
blebs/bullae identified on HRCT, 66% had recurrence of PSP and all
patients subsequently underwent VATS with blebectomy and pleurodesis.
Among the patients without initial HRCT, there were no recurrent cases
of PSP noted. Conclusions There is value in obtaining HRCT after the
first time PSP, as these results can be used to guide management
strategies. Further studies in pediatric PSP are needed to validate the
sensitivity of HRCT in bleb detection, the predictive value of bleb
disease and recurrence, and the benefits and risks of early surgical
intervention
Asymptomatic entrapped denture in the hypopharynx
Authors: Hanai Shogo , Terasawa Teruhiko , Iwata Mitsunaga
Published: January 2021

A 71-year-old asymptomatic man was brought to our emergency department
for ingesting a removable partial denture. The plain cervical computed
tomography showed that the denture was in the hypopharynx. Transoral
retrieval of the denture, with the clasp detached from the cervical
esophagus, using laryngoscope-guided forceps under local anesthesia.
Inhibition of temperature runaway phenomenon in the Sabatier process using bed dilution structure: LBM-DEM simulation
Authors: LIN Yixiong , Yang Chen , Choi Cheolyong , Zhang Wei , Fukumoto Kazui , Machida Hiroshi , Norinaga Koyo
Published: January 2021

The Sabatier process is promising for carbon dioxide utilization and
energy storage. However, the serious problem that limits more
comprehensive industrial applications is catalyst deactivation due to
the temperature runaway phenomenon. The inert particle dilution
approach, including the mixing dilution method and layered dilution
method is applied to solve this problem. Based on the lattice kinetic
scheme-lattice Boltzmann method (LKS-LBM), the effects of three
parameters in bed dilution structure reconstructed by the discrete
element method (DEM) on temperature distribution and carbon conversion
rate were discussed, so as to investigate the relationship between
packing structure and temperature distribution. Furthermore, numerical
results indicated that an optimal bed dilution structure, which not only
can control the peak temperature below the critical temperature to avoid
coking and sintering of catalyst, but also can improve the carbon
conversion rate by almost 18% compared with the structure without
dilution under the same circumstance.
Reaping the Benefits of Industry 4.0 through Skills Development in the Philippines
Authors: Jagannathan Shanti , Geronimo Dorothy
Published: January 2021

This report explores the implications of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) on the future of the job market in the Philippines. It assesses how jobs, tasks, and skills are being transformed in the information technology-business process outsourcing industry and electronics manufacturing industry. These two industries have high relevance to 4IR technologies and are important to the country’s employment, growth, and international competitiveness. They are likely to benefit from the transformational effect of 4IR, if there is adequate investment on jobs, skills, and training. The report is part of series developed from an Asian Development Bank study on trends in skills demand in Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Viet Nam.
Reaping the Benefits of Industry 4.0 through Skills Development in Indonesia
Authors: Jagannathan Shanti , Geronimo Dorothy
Published: January 2021

This report explores the implications of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) on the future of the job market in Indonesia. It assesses how jobs, tasks, and skills are being transformed in food and beverage as well as in automotive manufacturing. These two industries have high relevance to 4IR technologies and both are important to Indonesia’s national employment, economic growth, and international competitiveness. They are also likely to benefit considerably from the transformational effect of 4IR, if there is adequate investment in jobs, skills, and training. The report is part of series developed from an Asian Development Bank study on trends in skills demand in Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Viet Nam.
Nodule count effect on microstructure and mechanical properties of hypo-eutectic ADI alloyed with nickel
Authors: Colin-García E. , Cruz-Ramírez A. , Romero-Serrano J.A. , Sánchez-Alvarado R.G. , Gutiérrez-Pérez V.H. , Reyes-Castellanos G.
Published: January 2021

Samples of ductile iron alloyed with 0.88 % Ni with a nodule count of 606, 523, and 290 nod/mm2 were obtained from sand cast plates of different thickness in the range from 8.46 to 25.4 mm. The effect of the nodule count was evaluated during the austempering process held at 285?C and austempering times of 15, 30, 45, 60, 70, and 90 min. The volume fraction of high carbon austenite increased when the nodule count increased, however, the carbon content of the high carbon austenite kept almost constant. The process window was narrow, requiring a lower austempering time when the nodule count increased. The combination of a higher nodule count and low austempering temperature allowed obtaining a fine ausferritic microstructure which led to higher Brinell hardness and tensile strength. The process window was determined by XRD measurements and it was in good agreement with the microstructural and hardness evolution as the austempering time increased.
BLIND AND INCREMENTAL OR DIRECTED AND DISRUPTIVE? ON THE NATURE OF NOVEL VARIATION IN HUMAN CULTURAL EVOLUTION
Authors: Mesoudi Alex
Published: January 2021

Many scholars have rejected cultural evolutionary theory on the grounds that cultural variation is directed and intentionally created, rather than incremental and blind with respect to function, as is the case for novel genetic variation in genetic evolution. Meanwhile, some cultural evolution researchers insist that cultural variation is blind and undirected, and the only directional force is selection of randomly-generated variants. Here I argue that neither of these positions are tenable. Cultural variation is directed in various ways. While this does not invalidate cultural evolution, more attention should be paid to the different sources of non-randomness in culturally evolving systems.
Using Tableau to Analyze the Effects of Tax Code Changes: A Teaching Case for Tax and AIS Courses
Authors: Sledgianowski Deb , Petra Steven T. , Pelaez Alexander , Zhu Jianbing
Published: January 2021

This teaching case enables taxation and accounting information systems (AIS) students to use data analytics software to analyze a large dataset of simulated federal individual income tax returns to identify possible effects of tax changes on different categories of individual taxpayers. Tax return data provided for the case is a large sample that represents the population of U.S. tax returns filed, created from a simulation using distributions based on prevailing economic theories about income and most recent tax return filing statistics available from Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Statistics of Income (SOI). Students will learn to: (1) develop foundational skills and knowledge related to data analytics and how those skills can be used to visualize data to make it more meaningful, (2) demonstrate an understanding of Internal Revenue Code as it pertains to individual taxation, and (3) demonstrate knowledge of how Internal Revenue Code affects different types of filers.
The Downside of a Discharged Student Loan
Authors: Conn Carolyn , Single Louise E. , Proschko Christopher R.
Published: January 2021

This case engages students by featuring a relatable scenario of a new accounting professional being asked by a friend for help filing his individual tax return. The friend's return is more complex than expected because of unclear filing requirements related to his discharged student loan debt and his disability status. An amended return may be needed for a previous year, in part because of a reportedly erroneous W-2 from a former employer; and taxpayer withdrawals from an employer-sponsored tax-deferred savings account. Requirements include researching and documenting federal tax law, using judgement to make recommendations within the context of conflicting information, and evaluating the ethical implications of a friend's assistance as well as professional codes of conduct. Students are also asked to write a client memo. This case will be of particular interest to students who are considering tax careers. It is appropriate for undergraduate and graduate tax courses.
The SEE Study: Safety, Efficacy, and Equity of Implementing Autonomous Artificial Intelligence for Diagnosing Diabetic Retinopathy in Youth
Authors: Wolf Risa M. , Liu T.Y. Alvin , Thomas Chrystal , Prichett Laura , Zimmer-Galler Ingrid , Smith Kerry , Abramoff Michael D. , Channa Roomasa
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss worldwide. Screening for DR is recommended in children and adolescents, but adherence is poor. Recently, autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) systems have been developed for early detection of DR and have been included in the American Diabetes Association’s guidelines for screening in adults. We sought to determine the diagnostic efficacy of autonomous AI for the diabetic eye exam in youth with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In this prospective study, point-of-care diabetic eye exam was implemented using a nonmydriatic fundus camera with an autonomous AI system for detection of DR in a multidisciplinary pediatric diabetes center. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnosability of AI was compared with consensus grading by retinal specialists, who were masked to AI output. Adherence to screening guidelines was measured before and after AI implementation.

RESULTS

Three hundred ten youth with diabetes aged 5–21 years were included, of whom 4.2% had DR. Diagnosability of AI was 97.5% (302 of 310). The sensitivity and specificity of AI to detect more-than-mild DR was 85.7% (95% CI 42.1–99.6%) and 79.3% (74.3–83.8%), respectively, compared with the reference standard as defined by retina specialists. Adherence improved from 49% to 95% after AI implementation.

CONCLUSIONS

Use of a nonmydriatic fundus camera with autonomous AI was safe and effective for the diabetic eye exam in youth in our study. Adherence to screening guidelines improved with AI implementation. As the prevalence of diabetes increases in youth and adherence to screening guidelines remains suboptimal, effective strategies for diabetic eye exams in this population are needed.
Woman and Full Professor in Music Education – Work Experiences in the Field of Academia
Authors: Källén Carina Borgström
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores work experiences of female full professors in music education. By targeting this group, positions for music education as a discipline in the field of academia in conjunction with gender are being highlighted and discussed. The objective is to problematize constructions of expertise and excellence in relation to gender equality and consecrated positions within the departments where the professors in focus are working. As a theoretical framework Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory combined with Raewyn Connell’s gender theory is applied. The empirical data that underpin the study in focus consist of three focus group interviews conducted in 2018 with eight full professors in the Nordic countries. The study is inspired by narrative as a method for re-telling, and thematized collective and compiled stories from the participants’ utterances constructed for the presentation of the data. In order to handle ethical demands a meta-method-meeting was developed for the study in focus, i.e. all participants were invited to collaborate on the design of the study, keeping transparency, ethics and anonymity in focus. The findings suggest that the professors’ agency for claiming a core position at their departments, respectively, is dependent on what local gatekeepers consecrate as symbolic capital for the acknowledgement of expertise and excellence.
The Craftsmanship that Disappeared? Investigating the Role of the Principal Instrument in Music Teacher Education Programs
Authors: Eidsvaag Fritz Flåmo , Angelo Elin
Published: January 2021

This chapter investigates the role of the principal instrument in music teacher education programs that qualify people to teach music in Norwegian compulsory schools. The data material for the study is the mapping of 12 music teacher education institutions and the reflection notes from six music teacher educators. The theoretical premises for the paper are Aristotle’s concept of techné and Fullan’s description of deep learning. Techné concerns both technical skills and artistic sensitivity, and this combination provides a framework in which to discuss the educators’ reflections about the principal instrument in music teacher education in relation to deep learning, which entails commitment, perseverance, and the learner as a whole human being. This chapter leans on previous studies on music teacher education and the new curriculum for Norwegian compulsory schools, and the concluding remarks point to new perspectives that are needed to evolve music teacher education, concerning both the subject of music and what skills and types of knowledge music teachers should ideally have.
INSECT PESTS IN AGROECOSYSTEM WHERE THREE CORN VARIETIES WERE GROWN UNDER CONSERVATION VERSUS FULL TILLAGE SYSTEM IN NATAR, SOUTH LAMPUNG IN 2001 GROWING SEASON
Authors: Susilo F.X. , Gede Swibawa I
Published: January 2021

Serangga hama pada pertanaman jagung yang dibudidayakan dengan olah tanah konservasi di Natar Lampung Selatan pada musim tanam 2001. Penelitian sebelumnya (musim penghujan 2000) menunjukkan bahwa serangga yang berpotensi menjadi hama tanaman jagung di Lampung Selatan adalah lalat bibit jagung (LBJ) (Atherigona sp.) yang tidak selalu dapat diatasi dengan perlakuan benih dan penggerek tongkol (Helicoverpa armigera) yang serangannya terbatas pada ujung tongkol. Penelitian pada tahun ini (musim kemarau 2001) dilakukan untuk menjawab beberapa pertanyan berikut: (1) Apakah ada serangga lain yang berpotensi menjadi hama pada tiga varietas jagung yang dibudidayakan dengan olah tanah konservasi (OTK) versus olah tanah penuh (OTP)? dan (2) Sejauh manakah serangan lalat bibit jagung dan Helicoverpa pada tahun ini? Informasi terkini yang diperoleh adalah sebagai berikut. Selain diserang oleh LBJ dan Helicoverpa, pertanaman jagung tahun ini diserang pula oleh wereng coklat (WCJ) (Nilaparvata sp.) dan penggerek batang (PBJ) (Ostrinia sp.) Serangan LBJ dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya populasi tanaman produktif sebesar  < 1% dan 4—12%, berturut-turut pada  sistem OTK dan OTP. Dibandingkan dengan pemulsaan (kegiatan utama dalam OTK), perlakuan benih menggunakan insektisida imidacloprid kurang efektif untuk mengendalikan serangan LBJ. WCJ cenderung lebih menyerang pertanaman jagung (apa pun varietasnya) yang dibudidayakan dengan OTK. Belum nampak adanya kecenderungan serangan PBJ pada salah satu varietas jagung atau pada satu di antara dua sistem olah tanah yang diuji. Selain menyerang tongkol seperti pada tahun sebelumnya, Helicoverpa pada tahun ini juga menyerang daun. Pada tahun ini serangan pada tongkol berlanjut sehingga menimbulkan kerusakan biji.
PERKEMBANGAN POPULASI KUTU PERISAI AULACASPIS TEGALENSIS ZEHNTNER (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE) DAN PENGARUH TINGKAT SERANGANNYA TERHADAP PENURUNAN HASIL TEBU DI PT GUNUNG MADU PLANTATIONS, LAMPUNG TENGAH
Authors: Sunaryo Sunaryo , Hasibuan Rosma
Published: January 2021

Population development of a scale insect Aulacaspis tegalensis Zehntner (Homoptera: Diaspididae)  and  effect of its infestation  on sugarcane  yield loss  in  PT  Gunung Madu Plantations, Central Lampung.   Sugarcane scale insect, Aulacaspis tegalensis,  is a new major pest of sugarcane in PT Gunung Madu Plantations (GMP).  A survey  was conducted at the experimental station of  the Research and Development Division of  PT  GMP to investigate the  population growth of  the pest and  effects of their infestation on sugarcane production.  The first study indicated  that the population of the pest started to grow when the host plants were at the age of  8 months and  reached a  peak (300 individuals/stem) on mature sugarcane plants (11 month old).  A low population of the pest at younger sugarcane plants  might be due to the fact that during  their first seven months of  growth, sugarcane plants had no stem or even if they had, the leaf sheaths were still closedly intact to the stem,  while the scale insects could  live and  survive optimally at the internodes under the leaf sheaths.   The second study showed that the first  pest outbreak occurred in 2000 which covered  162.27 ha of  sugarcane fields.  In the year of  2001, the infested area increased significantly (up to 1157.93 ha). In addition, the effect of the scale insect  infestation  caused an enormous yield loss. The losses could be  expressed as the reductions in: stem weight, pol (polarisation, sucrose  content), brix (total soluble solids), and sugar contents.
PENGARUH APLIKASI ABAMEKTIN TERHADAP KEMELIMPAHAN LALAT PENGOROK DAUN DAN PARASITOIDNYA PADA PERTANAMAN KENTANG
Authors: Purnomo Purnomo
Published: January 2021

Effect of application of abamectine on the abudance of leafminer flies and its parasitoids on potato fields. The objective of research was to investigate the effect of the application of abamectine insecticide on the infestation of potato leafminer and its parasitoid. The fields experiment was conducted on potato fields in Pangalengan – Bandung, West Java in 2000. The result showed that the abamectine-insecticide significantly reduce the plant damage intensities, the number of mining per plants, and the percentage of leaf damage. In addition, the application of abamectine insecticide was not significantly affected the level of parasitism and the number of parasitoid Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault) (Hymenoptera:Eulophidae) and Opius sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) that were emerged from leaf sample. The abamectine insecticide has a good possibilities to be used as an alternative for controlling of the leafminers before another technology was found.
EARLY DETECTION OF TRICHOGRAMMA CHILONIS SEXES USING THE EGG COLOR AND SIZE OF ITS FACTITIOUS HOST, CORCYRA CEPHALONICA
Authors: Susilo F.X. , S. Romli Desta , Sunaryo Sunaryo , Solikhin M.
Published: January 2021

Early Detection of Trichogramma chilonis sexes using the egg color and size of its factitious host Corcyra cephalonica. This study was aimed to detect the sexes of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) prior to their emergence using the egg color and size of their factitious host, Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). A gray scale of 1 – 7 was used to rank the egg color while a micrometer was used to observe the egg size under a dissecting microscope. Ten of newly laid C. cephalonica eggs were glued in two rows (0.5 cm x 0.4 cm distance) on a piece of oviposition paper. Five replications of such batches were exposed in a test tube to a gravid T. chilonis female for 24 hours under 100 watts of illumination.  Following the withdrawal from the oviposition arena the eggs were each observed daily for their color and size and the sex of the emerged T. chilonis progeny was documented.  Binomial Z-test at 0.05 level of significance was used to validate the predicted proportion of T. chilonis sexes from five batches of 50 parasitized C. cephalonica eggs. The results showed as predicted that more T. chilonis female progeny emerged from light-colored C. cephalonica eggs (scale 2 – 5) following oviposition by parent parasitoid or from larger C. cephalonica eggs (> 500 µm).
KEANEKARAGAMAN NEMATODA DALAM TANAH PADA BERBAGAI TIPE TATAGUNA LAHAN DI ASB-BENCHMARK AREA WAY KANAN
Authors: Swibawa I Gede
Published: January 2021

The soil nematode diversity in several land-use types in Way Kanan ASB-Benchmark Area.  The conversion  of forest to intensive agroecosystem such as monoculture system reduces biodiversity of the plant, herbivore, and decomposer subsystems.   Those changes affected  the litter and plant root quality.  Consequently, few soil nematode species could be dominant and cause of disturbance of the stability of the below ground  community.   The increasing  populations of plant parasitic nematodes usually occur on monoculture system .   The research was conducted to study the effect of forest changes in several land use types on soil nematode diversity in Way Kanan Benchmark Area.  Soil sampling on five land use types (secondary forest,  agroforest or tree based agriculture, plantation, cassava field, and Imperata grass land) was conducted in November1996 and December 1997.   Nematodes  were extracted by decantation-centrifugation with sugar method.  The soil  nematodes were grouped into order and generic level including plant parasitic and  non- parasitic. The results show that the order of  Rhabditida, Dorylaimida, and Tylenchida were found from  those five land-use types.  The total genera of  plant parasitic nematodes in Imperata grass land were the highest among the other four land use types.  The total number of  non-plant parasitic nematodes in secondary forest (28.0 individual per 300 cc of soil) was higher than total number in the plantation ( 2.6 individual per 300 cc of soil), cassava field (4.0 individual per 300 cc of soil) or Imperata grass land (6.6 individual per 300 cc of soil).  The total number of  plant parasitic nematodes in Imperata grass land (59.8 individual per 300 cc of soil), agroforest (59.0 individual per 300 cc of soil), secondary forest (48.2 individual per 300 cc of soil), and  plantation (17.6 individual per 300 cc of soil) were not significantly different, but  total number in Imperata grass land and  agroforest  were significantly  higher than that in cassava field (11,6 individual per 300 cc of soil).
PENGGUNAAN PELACAK NONRADIOAKTIF (Digoxigenin-DNA Probe) UNTUK MENDETEKSI PEANUT STRIPE VIRUS
Authors: Mat Akin Hasriadi
Published: January 2021

The use of nonradioactive probe (Digoxigenin-DNA)  for  detection of peanut stripe virus.  The objective of this experiment was to develop the nonradioactive-labeled probe to detect peanut stripe virus (PStV) in peanut leaves and seeds. Digoxigenin labeled cDNA (dig-DNA probe) was synthesized from recombinant plasmid (pHS1.23) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).  The probe containing 1.195 bp (base pair) corresponding to 3' termini, included part of NIb (nuclear inclusion body) gene, coat protein gene, and 3' untranslated region of PStV genome was used to detect the existence of PStV in peanut leaves and seeds of infected peanut plants.
SERANGAN DACUS CUCURBITAE ( DIPTERA: TRYPETIDAE) PADA BUAH MENTIMUN DAN PARE YANG DIBUNGKUS PADA SAAT PENTIL
Authors: Gede Swibawa I , Susilo F.X. , Murti Indra , Ristiyani Esti
Published: January 2021

Dacus cucurbitae ( Diptera: Trypetidae) attacks  on cucumber and peria fruits wrapped at cherelle stage. The fruit flies were important pests of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) and peria (Memordica charantia L.).  The flies attacked fruits by laying egg on the fruit surface and their developing immatures caused serious damages from the inside. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of the  fruit wrapping at cherelle stage  on fruit fly infestation on  cucumber or peria fruits.   The experiment was conducted in villages of Terbanggi Besar (Central Lampung) and Jati Agung  (South Lampung) during October—November 2001. A set of cherelle stage fruits, i.e. those just shed off their florescence, were wrapped using plastic bags while another set of adjacent fruits were left unwrapped. Fruits (treated or untreated) were taken soon after they fell off or at their normal harvest time, whichever came first, then were weighed and incubated in the laboratory to observe the fruit fly emergence.  The results showed that fruit wrapping significantly reduced the fruit fly infestation and suppressed the fruit fly population on cucumber or peria fruits. The wrapped fruits weighed more than unwrapped fruits
PENGGUNAAN TEKNIK PCR DAN RFLP UNTUK DETEKSI DAN ANALISIS KERAGAMAN VIRUS GEMINI PADA TANAMAN TOMAT YANG BERASAL DARI BERBAGAI DAERAH DI JAWA BARAT DAN LAMPUNG
Authors: Sudiono Sudiono , Hendrastuti Hidayat Sri , Suseno Rusmilah , Sosromarsono Soemartono
Published: January 2021

The Technique of PCR and RFLP to detection and analysis geminivirus diversity on tomato from growing areas in West Java and Lampung. Geminivirus infection has been reported on various important crops, among others on tomato. Infected plant were collected from six tomato growing areas in West Java (Bandung, Segunung, Darmaga, Ciloto, Cibeuying, and Cisaat) and Lampung (Bandar Lampung). Polymerase chain reaction method using universal primers for geminiviruses were successfully amplified a 1.5 kb DNA fragment from diseased plants from Bandung, Cisaat, Ciloto and Cibeunying.  Comparative model enzyme restriction showed that sample from Bandung, Cisaat, Ciloto  are probably strains of the same virus.
PEMETAAN PERSEBARAN PENYAKIT BUNCHY TOP PADA TANAMAN PISANG DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Prasetyo Joko , Sudiono Sudiono
Published: January 2021

Distribution mapping of bunchy top of banana in Lampung Province.  Studies on the occurrence of banana bunchy top were conducted in Lampung province from March to May 2003. This study were aimed to make distribution map of banana bunchy top in Lampung. The stratified random sampling were used. The sample comprised 6 districts out of 10 districts in Lampung. Three subdistrics were randomly selected in each district and then 3 villages were also selected in each subdistrict. In each village 3 famer”s gardens were selected as observation area. The distribution map shows that banana bunchy top has spread throughout the 6 districts visually observed, but only 4 districts, that bunchy top incidence could be examined. Banana bunchy top incidence in Bandar Lampung, South Lampung, Central Lampung, and North Lampung were 2.31, 2.23, 1.06, and 0.84 % respectively. Bunchy top virus attacked various types, among them are janten (55.23%),  muli (38.88%), kepok (30.47%), ambon (21.52%), raja sere (19.76%), nangka 4.64%), and  lilin (3.84%). There were no disease  incidence on cultivar tanduk, rejang and susu, thus this fact might be indicated resistance phenomena of these cultivars.
PERKEMBANGAN HIDUP DAN DAYA MEMANGSA CURINUS COERULEUS MULSANT PADA BEBERAPA KUTU TANAMAN
Authors: Yasin Nur
Published: January 2021

The biological development and feeding ability of Curinus coeruleus Mulsant on several phytophthires. The research was conducted to investigate the survival and feeding capability of Curinus coeruleus Mulsant on Heteropsylla cubana, Aleurocanthus spiniferus, Planococcus citri, and Aspidiotus destructor.  The research was done in completely randomized design with eight replications.  The result showed that C. coeruleus could not survive on A. spiniferus.  The head width of  C. coeruleus larvae did not differ significantly in  A. destructor,  P. citri, or H. cubana. The head width increase of                   C. coeruleus larvae feeding on A. destructor followed Dyar’s law with growth ratio of 1,4.  Larval stadium of C. coeruleus, imago stadium, longevity, and the number of consumed preys were affected by phytophthires species.  C. coeruleus could feed on more H. cubana than A. destructor, or P. citri.
PARASITISASI DAN KAPASITAS REPRODUKSI COTESIA FLAVIPES CAMERON (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) PADA INANG DAN INSTAR YANG BERBEDA DI LABORATORIUM
Authors: Purnomo Purnomo
Published: January 2021

Parasitization and reproductive capacity of Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptaera: Braconidae) on different hosts and instar in laboratory. C. flavipes is an important parasitoid on sugar cane spotted borer, Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer.  The biology informations of C. flavipes is needed in order to make more effective as acontroling agent. The objectives of this research were to investigate the effect of host species (C. sacchariphagus, C. auricilius, Scirpophaga nivella) and different instar on parasitization and reproductive capacity of C. flavipes. The results showed that the best host for                    C.  flavipes is  C. sacchariphagus and at fifth instar of  C. sacchariphagus.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS NEMATODA ENTOMOPATOGEN (RHABDITIDA: Steinernema DAN Heterorhabditis) SEBAGAI MUSUH ALAMI NON-ENDEMIK PENGGEREK BATANG PADI KUNING (Scirpophaga incertulas)
Authors: Chaerani Chaerani , Nurbaeti Bebet
Published: January 2021

Efficacy Tests of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida:  Steinernema dan Heterorhabditis) as Non-endemic Natural Enemies of Yellow Rice stem Borer (Scirpophaga incertulas). Yellow rice stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas) is a chronic insect pests of irrigated rice and difficult to control.  Entomopathogenic nematodes from the genus Steinernema and Heterorhabditis are promising biological control agents for this pest as their infective juveniles (IJs) are capable of seeking and infecting insect living in moist, cryptic habitat such as galleries created by stem borer larvae. Thirteen indigenous and exotic Steinernema and Heterorhabditis sprayed to rice seedlings in laboratory with nematodes at concentrations of 0.5 or 2.0×104 IJs ml-1 water caused larval mortality between 7–93%.  Further test in greenhouse on nematodes that had >50%  efficacy showed that an indigenous isolate, H. indicus INA H17, was the most effective among the tested nematodes in killing larvae or pupae (78%).  Reduction in plant damage caused by the insects could not be demonstrated as the trials was limited to potted plants. The survival ability of nematodes on rice plants was evaluated by using INA H4 as an example. A low percentage of INA H4 IJs (0.5%) persisted in inner leaf sheath until 7 days post application, while IJs on leaf surface and outer leaf sheath survived only until 2 and 48 hours post application, respectively. Improvement of application strategies including repeated spray, addition of antidessicant and adjusment of spray volume and application at damage threshold or plant critical period are deemed necessary to enhance nematode efficacy and reduce plant damage in the field.
SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE IN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS: THE HISTORY OF THE ISSUE
Authors: VERESHCHAGINA A.V.
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the formation and development of the Institute of special knowledge in civil procedure until 1917. In the development of the Institute of special knowledge in the pre-Soviet period, there are three stages: Zemsky (9th to the end of 15th century.); Moscow (16th–17th century.) and Imperial (18th – early 20th century). The use of special knowledge originated with the appearance of the proceedings. Initially, special knowledge was used primarily to resolve civil disputes. The transformation of the Institute was influenced by judicial practice and the development of special knowledge. The model of the institute of special knowledge in civil proceedings developed by the second half of the 19th century. It included the concept of special knowledge, the status of a specialist (expert), the procedure for some research and some forensic preventive rules. The most important provisions of the pre-revolutionary Institute, distinguishing it from the existing modern model, are: 1) the identity of the status of holders of special knowledge involved in dispute resolution; 2) the main role of the court in the appointment of examination (research) and the appointment of experts from among persons who have the legal right to engage in expert activities. The reception of these provisions could streamline enforcement.
REVIEW OF PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION ORDERS IN U.S. COURTS
Authors: BUDYLIN S.L.
Published: January 2021

Under American rules, a very important factor for a court to consider when granting a preliminary injunction is the likelihood of success on the merits. To estimate this likelihood, the court must of course decide which legal provisions are applicable the parties’ dispute. And if the court errs in interpretation or application of those provisions, a party may successfully appeal to a higher court! As a result, the legal questions that must be answered to resolve the dispute on the merits are sometimes hotly and at great length discussed on the preliminary injunction stage, with appeals up to the highest-instance court. The ratios stated by higherinstance court in decisions on preliminary injunctions often become decisive when the dispute is resolved on the merits. Moreover, after the highest court ruled on a disputable issue of law in the preliminary injunction discussion, continuing the dispute may become redundant. Knowing the facts of the case (even if they are not yet formally established by a court) the parties often can easily understand who loses and who wins. After that it normally makes sense to settle out of court instead of wasting time and money for the process, the outcome of which is practically predetermined. Because of that many court orders granting or denying preliminary injunctions are far from being just “run-of-the-mill” ones. They may be very important for the ultimate outcome of the case and often contain detailed arguments on disputable issues of law, sometimes taking dozens of pages.
ON THE PROBLEMS OF EXERCISING THE AUTHORITY OF THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE CLAIMANT TO RECEIVE THE AWARDED FUNDS: ALL DOUBTS ARE NOT IN FAVOR
Authors: ZAICHENKO E.V.
Published: January 2021

The author examines the problematic aspects of the implementation by the representative of the claimant under the enforcement document of a special power to receive funds both in the course of enforcement in the presence of enforcement proceedings initiated in the relevant division of bailiffs, and in the order of presenting the writ of execution directly to a Bank or other credit organization. It is stated that there is no uniformity of judicial practice on the issue of recognizing the right of a representative to demand the transfer of funds due to the recoverer to the account of the recoverer’s representative in the event of the exercise of this power during the initiated enforcement proceedings. The article substantiates the provision on the involuntary nature of the Bank’s actions carried out in accordance with Article 8 of the Law on Enforcement Proceedings, as well as on the unreasonableness of the ban on transferring funds to the personal Bank account of the representative in the case of applying with an enforcement document to the Bank for the purpose of collecting in a simplified manner. It is concluded that there are no significant grounds for differentiating the considered options for collecting funds in order to determine whether the representative of the recoverer has the right to receive the money awarded to the recoverer.
Research And Development Of Organic Fertilizer From Banana Peels: Halalan Tayyiban Perspective
Authors: (UNISSA, Brunei Darusalam) Md Akmal Salihin , (UNISSA, Brunei Darusalam) Ak Md Nur Ajrun’azhim , (UNISSA, Brunei Darusalam) Md Hirzi , (UNISSA, Brunei Darusalam) HajahJanatul Ain , (UNISSA, Brunei Darusalam) Khairul Atiqah And , (UNISSA, Brunei Darusalam) Haziqah Najwa , (UNISSA, Brunei Darusalam) Pengiran Norkhairiah , (Univesiti Utara Malaysia) Mohd.Shahril Ahmad
Published: January 2021

In modern agriculture, most of the biochemicals and inorganic fertilizer had been used for the plantation on the worldwide scale.  Whilst, the issue of food waste had created concern for the global community because of its potential for pollution. In Brunei Darussalam, food waste has the highest percentage followed by paper and plastic. According to the Scientia Bruneiana, vol.17, no.2, according to the Department of Environment, Parks, and Recreations, 400 – 500 tonnes of waste goes to Sg. Paku landfill in Tutong District each day. This issue was raised by the people that prioritized the application of the Macro Organic Local which is the organic fertilizer derived from rainwater and food waste. They emphasize the concept of zero-waste and go-green to manage the problems of the polluted environment. Therefore, ‘Potilizer’ production that is based on the organic sources mainly from banana peels is to solve the problems of food waste and raise awareness to the community to reduce waste. ‘Potilizer’ aims to reach out to the farmers, entrepreneurs, and individuals to fully utilize organic waste and to be confident in its usage. The methodology used is by conducting some experiments on each type of plant-based on the research study from the existing information with regard to farming. The use of data collection is from the books, the internet, by interviewing the farmers and conducting the survey about natural fertilizer. The novelty of this product is by the application of the conservation concept and it will present as the first organic fertilizer in Brunei Darussalam to be commercialized at a very affordable price and good quality. ‘Potilizer’ has the opportunity to penetrate the market as it can benefit the farmers, entrepreneurs, agricultural school institutions, as well as for the house-gardening purposes to assist them in this field.
INTERAKSI BUDAYA ANTARA AUSTRONESIA DENGAN NON AUSTRONESIA MEMENGARUHI PERKEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI DI MASA AUSTRONESIA
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Ken Satya Dien Zukhrufa
Published: January 2021

Indonesia merupakan salah satu bagian dari peradaban Austronesia. Sebelumnya peradaban Austronesia berasal dari Taiwan yang mana teori mengenai ini banyak diikuti oleh peneliti yang mendukung adanya peradaban budaya Austronesia. Populernya teori tersebut tidak lepas dari dukungan data linguistik, antropologi, DNA, pertanggalan dan data dari arkeologis. Interaksi antar budaya yang kolonisasi Austronesia di Kepulauan Indonesia dapat dirangkum dalam kebudayaan masa neolitik datang di Kepulauan Indonesia, budaya tersebut di bawa oleh masyarakat penutur bahasa Austronesia. Akibat dari peristiwa tersebut, terjadi perkembangan budaya Neolitik di Kepulauan Indonesia, terjadinya evolusi dan interaksi antara masyarakat pendatang Austronesia dengan komunitas Non Austronesia yang telah menghuni kawasan ini sejak masa sebelumnya. Ketika masyarakat Austronesia datang di kawasan Non Austronesia, komunitas Non Austronesia juga telah memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang lebih sama dengan bangsa Austronesia bahkan lebih bersifat adaptif dalam beberapa penguasaan teknologi seperti alat kerang dan alat tulang, teknologi pelayaran, teknologi dalam pembudidayaan tanaman umbi-umbian.
TEKS DAN KONTEKS DALAM JEJAK BUDAYA TAKBENDA STUDI KASUS: BABASAN DAN PARIBASA SUNDA
Authors:   Universitas Pasundan, Hendayana Yayat
Published: January 2021

Babasan (perumpamaan) dan paribasa (peribahasa) yang terdapat dalam bahasa Sunda, merupakan warisan budaya takbenda yang masih tetap hidup dan digunakan oleh masyarakat Sunda hingga saat ini. Bahasa Sunda termasuk rumpun bahasa-bahasa Austronesia, yang mempunyai hubungan erat dengan rumpun bahasa Austro-Asia. Keduanya disebut sebagai rumpun bahasa Austris. Bahasa Sunda merupakan anggota dari keluarga bahasa yang besar dan penting sekali di dunia. Bahasa Sunda mengenal tiga tahapan perkembangan, yaitu bahasa Sunda Buhun (kuno), bahasa Sunda Klasik (peralihan) dan bahasa Sunda Kiwari (Masa Kini), yaitu bahasa Sunda yang mulai digunakan sejak tahun 1900-an, ketika kolonialisme Belanda mulai melancarkan politik balas budi (politik etis). Sejak saat itulah awal mula berkembangnya perumpamaan dan pribahasa dalam bahasa Sunda, yang masih tetap digunakan di zaman kini. Babasan dan paribasa tersebut merupakan teks yang diciptakan oleh para leluhur (Sunda) ketika itu, yang sudah tentu disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan zamannya, dengan konteksnya. Zaman sudah berubah. Konteks pun berubah pula. Babasan dan paribasa produk para leluhur Sunda itu tentu saja tidak semuanya cocok untuk digunakan pada masa sekarang, yang sudah jauh berubah dari masa lalu. Pikiran bahwa semua produk masa lalu bersifat adiluhung (berkualitas sangat tinggi) tidak sepenuhnya benar.. Terhadap babasan dan paribasa yang merupakan produk masa lalu itu harus dilakukan langkah-langkah penyesuaian bertahap agar dapat diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari zaman kini. Langkah-langkah bertahap itu ialah: (1) reseleksi, (2) redeskripsi, (3) reorientasi, dan (4) reimplementasi.