bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UNE ÉPIZOOTIE D'ENTOMOPHTORA SP. DANS UNE POPULATION DU PUCERON DU SAPIN (CINARA CURVIPES) (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Smirnoff W. A. , MacLeod D. M.
Published: December 2009

Une épizootie par Entomophtora sp. a été constatée dans une population de Cinara curvipes Patch. infestant très fortement un jeune peuplement pur de Abies balsamea M. La présence d’Entomophtora et la progression de l’épizootie ont été déterminées directement en forêt par l’observation des zygospores à l’aide d’un mini microscope portatif et par le dénombrement des pucerons morts et liquéfiés.

L’Entomophtorose atteignit la majorité de la population de pucerons et parmi les rares femelles encore vivantes en octobre, seules celles ne contenant pas de zygospores, parvinrent à chercher refuge dans le sol. Des observations conduites l’année suivante dans les mêmes peuplements confirmèrent que l’épizootie par Entomophtora sp. avait contribué à l’anéantissement de la population de C. curvipes dans les territoires observés.
THE DEFENSIVE SECRETION OF A POLYDESMOID MILLIPEDE (DIPLOPODA)
Authors: Weatherston J. , Gardiner E. J.
Published: December 2009

Chemical studies utilizing colour tests, gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis have shown that hydrogen cyanide and benzaldehyde are constituents of the defensive secretion of the polydesmoid millipede Apheloria coriacea (Koch).
EFFECTS OF SOME CONSTANT AND ALTERNATING TEMPERATURES ON POPULATION GROWTH OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Siddiqui W. H. , Barlow C. A. , Randolph P. A.
Published: December 2009

Alternating temperatures resulted in higher intrinsic rates of increase (rm) than constant temperatures within the range of temperature favourable for growth and reproduction of the pea aphid. This difference was due to slightly faster development and earlier attainment of maximum fecundity at alternating temperatures.

Preliminary mathematical models relating rm to constant and alternating temperatures are derived. These are:

for constant temperatures and

for alternating temperatures of 5°, 10°, and 15° amplitudes respectively. Average deviation between empirical and computed values is 2%. The efficacy of these models is restricted to temperatures favourable for development and reproduction of the pea aphid.
INTERFERENCE BETWEEN NEST POPULATIONS OF FORMICA OBSCURIPES AND DOLICHODERUS TASCHENBERGI (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
Authors: Bradley G. A.
Published: December 2009

Interference between Formica obscuripes Forel and Dolichoderus taschenbergi (Mayr) colonies was observed in the laboratory and in the field. D. taschenbergi was by far the stronger competitor in the laboratory test, but only slightly superior to F. obscuripes in the field. It was concluded that colonies of F. obscuripes and D. taschenbergi transplanted to areas requiring ant protection would not be rendered ineffective by the presence of previously established colonies of either species.
A NEW SPECIES OF CTENICERA FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AND A RE-EVALUATION OF THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF ESTHESOPUS AND HORISTONOTUS (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE)
Authors: Becker Edward C.
Published: December 2009

A new species, Ctenicera sleeperi, from the desert areas of southern California is described and illustrated. It is closely allied to C. pilatei (Champion), new combination, from Yucatan, Mexico; both species differ from all other nearctic species by the presence of setae on the tarsal claws and by the absence of the cubital crossvein. The differences between the nearctic species of Esthesopus and Horistonotus are discussed and illustrated. H. mitis Horn is transferred to Esthesopus, with H. pallidus Fall as a synonym.
DEUX CAS DE GYNANDROMORPHISME CHEZ LES ORNITHOPTÈRES (LEPIDOPTERA, PAPILIONIDAE)
Authors: Schmid F.
Published: December 2009

Résumé et Introduction

A ma connaissance, aucun cas de gynandromorphisme n’a encore été signalé chez les Ornithoptères. Récemment, j’ai eu l’heur de recevoir deux individus, de caractère gynandromorphique d’ailleurs très inégal, que je fais connaître aujourd’hui, car ils présentent tous deux un intérêt certain.
A REVIEW OF PHYLLAPHIS, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES FROM ONTARIO (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Richards W. R.
Published: December 2009

A new beech-inhabiting aphid, Phyllaphis grandifoliae, is described from Ontario. Its relationships to other species are noted. A key to species of Phyllaphis is given.
AULACORTHUM RHUSIFOLIAE (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), A NEW POISON IVY INHABITING APHID FROM ONTARIO
Authors: Richards W. R.
Published: December 2009

Apterous Viviparous Female. Colour when alive: antenna pale on basal half; head and thorax brownish; mesothorax to abdominal segment VIII shining black; legs pale. Colour when macerated: antennal segments I and II pale brown, segments III, IV colourless with pale brown apical annuli, segments V, VI brown; head and prothorax pale brown, nearly colourless; mesothorax to abdominal segment VIII dark brown; cornicles dark brown; femora and tibiae pale brown, nearly colourless; tarsi pale brown, slightly darker than tibiae; cauda faintly fuscous.
A SUPPOSEDLY COSMOPOLITAN INSECT: THE CELERY WEBWORM AND ALLIES, GENUSNOMOPHILAHÜBNER (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE: PYRAUSTINAE)
Authors: Munroe Eugene
Published: December 2009

The supposedly cosmopolitan speciesNomophila noctuella(Denis and Schiffermüller) is shown to be one of a complex of 12 distinct species, some sympatric, some allopatric, and none ranging over more than three continents.N.noctuellaitself has the widest range, extending through most of the Palaearctic and Ethiopian regions, including Madagascar, and into tropical Asia as far as India and Pulo Laut. It also occurs adventively in Hawaii. Two additional endemic species,N.africanan. sp. andN.brevispinalisn. sp., occur in Africa; the Australian species,N.australican. sp., is endemic but occurs, probably adventively, on Christmas Island. The North American species,N.nearctican. sp., is distinct fromN.noctuella, but, like it, is a migrant and ranges south to northern tropical America. There are six endemic species in South America:N.colombianan. sp., Colombia;N.heterospila(Meyrick), Andes, transferred fromMacronomeutis, which falls as a synonym ofNomophila;N.helvolalis(Maassen), Andes;N.distinctalisn. sp., Peru, Bolivia, and Chile;N.indistinctalis(Walker), central and southern South America; andN.triticalisBerg, Argentina and Paraguay, to whichN.squalidalis(Hampson) falls as a synonym.N.incognitaViette, known from a single female from Amsterdam Island, Indian Ocean, is a good species.
TAXONOMIC NOTES ON APHIDS FROM NEPAL AND INDIA WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Quednau F. W.
Published: December 2009

The genus Taoia and two new species, Taoia exotica from Alnus nepalensis D. Don. and Callaphis nepalensis from Juglans regia L., are described. Descriptions of Chromaphis hirsutustibis Kumar & Lavigne and of Tinocalloides montanus Basu are also given, together with keys to the so far known species of Taoia, Callaphis, and Chromaphis. Tuberdefectus eastopi Kumar & Lavigne is established as a synonym of T. montanus. The taxonomic position of these aphids is discussed.
IMMATURE STAGES AND BIOLOGY OF ZELUS SOCIUS (HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE)
Authors: Swadener Stephen O. , Yonke Thomas R.
Published: December 2009

The egg and five nymphal instars of Zelus socius Uhler are described and illustrated. The eggs are elongate-oval, 1.39 mm high and 0.53 mm in diameter (mean values). The mean lengths of nymphs are 2.45, 3.47, 5.64, 7.56, and 10.49 mm in the five stages, respectively. The developmental period for eggs averaged 9.0 days and the nymphal development averaged 52.6 days. There is one generation a year.
THE LARVA OF IXODES COOKEI (ACARINA: IXODIDAE)
Authors: Ko Ronald C.
Published: December 2009

The larva of Ixodes cookei Packard, a common ixodid tick in eastern North America, is described. The description is based on specimens hatched from eggs in the laboratory. The eggs were from females collected from groundhogs (Marmota monax Erxleben) trapped in spring in southern Ontario.
THE LIFE HISTORY OF THE WATER-BOATMAN,TRICHOCORIXELLA MEXICANA(HETEROPTERA: CORIXIDAE)
Authors: Peters Walter , Ulbrich Raymond
Published: December 2009

Trichocorixella mexicana(Hung.), a corixid, has dextral and sinistral males and bilaterally symmetrical females. The development of this polymorphic form from ovum to adult shows five nymphal instars. Thus, this species must be added to the list of polymorphic Corixidae that have five nymphal instars in their life history.
SENSITIVITY OF ORYZAEPHILUS SURINAMENSIS (COLEOPTERA: CUCUJIDAE) TO CESIUM-137: I. IRRADIATION OF EGGS: THE EFFECTS ON HATCHING, SURVIVAL, AND FECUNDITY
Authors: Chawla S. S. , Perron J. M. , Huot L. , Corrivault G.-W.
Published: December 2009

Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. eggs in three age groups were irradiated with Cesium-137. Irradiation dosages of 15,480 rads did not affect the hatching of 48- to 72-hr-old eggs, though 24- to 48-hr-old eggs were more resistant than the 0- to 24-hr-old eggs. LD50 values measured as survival of 7-day-old larvae, however, showed that 48- to 72-hr-old eggs were more sensitive than 24- to 48-hr-old eggs. Dosages from 1935 to 2580 rads depressed the fecundity of adults emerged from irradiated eggs.
HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN GEOGRAPHICAL RACES OF THE CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)
Authors: Robinson A. S. , Proverbs M. D.
Published: December 2009

A test for the occurrence of either hybrid inviability or hybrid sterility was made using five geographical races of the codling moth. None was found.
SCARABATERMES AMAZONENSIS, A NEW GENUS, NEW SPECIES, OF TERMITOPHILOUS SCARABAEIDAE (COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Howden Henry F.
Published: December 2009

Scarabatermes amazonensis n. g., n. sp., is described from Leticia, Colombia. The species occurs in the nests of Neocapritermes braziliensis (Snyder).
GROUND BEETLE POPULATIONS NEAR A KRAFT MILL
Authors: Freitag R. , Hastings L. , Mercer W. R. , Smith A.
Published: December 2009

Twenty species of ground beetles (Family Carabidae) and one species of carrion beetle (Family Silphidae) were collected in six stations east of a kraft paper mill in Thunder Bay, Ontario, from May to August, 1971. The beetle population decreased markedly towards the mill. There was no apparent statistical difference in size variation of specimens near the mill and those further away.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE BIONOMICS OF THE DARK-SIDED CUTWORM, EUXOA MESSORIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IN ONTARIO
Authors: Cheng H. H.
Published: December 2009

The dark-sided cutworm, Euxoa messoria (Harris), has a North American distribution and is commonly found in tobacco fields in Ontario. It has one generation a year, and overwinters as an egg in the soil. Hatching takes place in early April and the young larvae feed on the rye rotation crop; later they attack newly transplanted tobacco seedlings. Head width measurements of larvae collected from the field show seven instars, but individual rearing data of E. messoria larvae reveal that small numbers pass through six and an occasional larva passes through eight; however, the eighth instar has the same head width as the seventh. Pupation occurs from late July to mid-August in the soil. The adult emerges from mid-August to October, and oviposition occurs in this same period. Eggs are completely developed before winter. Behaviour and duration of the different stages are described. Natural mortality factors of the species are given.
THE BIOLOGY OF POLLENIA RUDIS, THE CLUSTER FLY (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE): I. HOST LOCATION BY FIRST-INSTAR LARVAE
Authors: Thomson A. J. , Davies D. M.
Published: December 2009

The percentage of first-instar cluster-fly larvae successfully penetrating their earthworm hosts, Eisenia rosea (Sav.), remained quite constant at 13 °C when ratios of larvae to worms were from 7.5:1 to 0.5:1. Larvae descended into undisturbed soil only by following naturally occurring pore spaces (inter-ped spaces or those caused by vegetation or earthworms). In disturbed soil lacking natural pores, few earthworms were penetrated by the larvae, partly due to earthworm behaviour of blocking their burrows with casts. The significance of soil conditions and other factors as it affects this parasitic relationship is discussed.
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN RESISTANCE TO WHITE PINE WEEVIL (PISSODES STROBI) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) BY EASTERN WHITE PINE (PINUS STROBUS)
Authors: Garrett P. W.
Published: December 2009

Weevil damage on 12 sources of eastern white pine was measured. Differences between sources at age 13 were significant, but all sources were heavily weeviled. It is doubtful that sources resistant to the white pine weevil will be located.
A KEY TO ALL STAGES OFAEDES NIGRIPESANDA.IMPIGER(DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) WITH A DESCRIPTION OF FIRST-INSTAR LARVAE AND PUPAE
Authors: Danks H. V. , Corbet Philip S.
Published: December 2009

Keys and illustrations are given that enable all stages to be identified ofAedes nigripesandA.impiger, normally the only two species of mosquito found in the high arctic. First-instar larvae and pupae of both species are described for the first time. Keys and descriptions are based on material from northern Ellesmere Island.
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF AEDES (O.) STICTICUS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN RELATION TO DIFFERENT CONSTANT TEMPERATURES
Authors: Trpis M. , Haufe W. O. , Shemanchuk J. A.
Published: December 2009

Embryonic development in the mosquito Aedes (O.) sticticus (Meigen) was studied on moist surfaces at five constant temperatures between 5° and 34 °C. Time for complete embryogenesis was 608, 272, 192, 152, and 120 h at 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, and 30 °C, respectively. Upper and lower temperature thresholds were 33 °C and from 6° to 8 °C, respectively. Embryonic development proceeded normally when eggs were submerged in water at 25° and 30 °C, and no difference in developmental rate was observed between eggs on moist filter paper and those submerged in water.
THE DIGESTIVE PROCESSES OF HAEMATOPHAGOUS INSECTS: III. INHIBITION OF TRYPSIN BY HONEY AND THE POSSIBLE FUNCTIONS OF THE OESOPHAGEAL DIVERTICULA OF MOSQUITOES (DIPTERA)
Authors: Gooding R. H. , Cheung A. C. , Rolseth B. M.
Published: December 2009

Honey inhibits esterolytic and proteolytic activity of trypsin fromAedes aegypti,Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, and cattle. The inhibitor is heat stable and only a portion of the inhibition capacity is lost from the honey by dialysis. Glucose, fructose, and sucrose have no effect upon trypsin but ascorbic acid and riboflavin are inhibitory while gluconic acid is an activator. Nectar from lilies but not from honeysuckles inhibitsC.pipiens quinquefasciatustrypsin.
AN IMPROVED TRAP TO DETECT BEETLES (COLEOPTERA) IN STORED GRAIN
Authors: Loschiavo S. R. , Atkinson J. M.
Published: December 2009

A trap to detect beetles in stored grain is described and compared with earlier versions and other sampling devices. Being escape-proof the trap can be left in grain for long periods thus increasing its reliability. It is strongly constructed of rust-proof materials to withstand field use. It is economical, light, compact, and simple to use in the field or laboratory. Preliminary trials show that it is highly effective as an insect detector and trap.
THE SEED MAGGOT COMPLEX, HYLEMYA (DELIA) PLATURA AND H. (DELIA) LITURATA (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE), AS PRIMARY PESTS OF RADISH
Authors: Nair K. S. S. , McEwen F. L.
Published: December 2009

The seed maggot complex, Hylemya (Delia) platura Meig. and H. (Delia) liturata Meig., is shown to be a primary pest of radish. In laboratory experiments larvae of this species complex attacked radishes and developed into pupae whether or not the plants were already damaged by the cabbage maggot, H. brassicae Bouché.
BIOLOGY OF THE MAPLE TRUMPET SKELETONIZER,EPINOTIA ACERIELLA(LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE), IN NEW YORK
Authors: Côté Wilfred A. , Allen Douglas C.
Published: December 2009

The life history ofEpinotia aceriella(Clemens) is discussed and the life stages described. Information is presented on feeding behavior, distribution, hosts, and natural enemies. Control recommendations are made.
CHANGES IN THE LIPID AND NITROGEN CONTENT DURING POSTEMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF PSEUDALETIA UNIPUNCTA (LEPIDOPTER A: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Mukerji M. K. , Guppy J. C.
Published: December 2009

Changes were recorded in dry matter content and in the metabolism of lipids and nitrogen during the postembryonic development of Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.) on corn. The study revealed that 22 to 24% of the lipids were used during moulting and pupal–adult transformation and that nitrogen was not lost during such periods. The coefficient of apparent utilization of nitrogen remained more or less constant; however, that of lipids decreased with larval development. No significant difference was evident in the relationship between lipid consumption and weight gain, and nitrogen consumption and weight gain during larval development. A direct linear relationship was obtained between nitrogen and lipid utilization during all instars. In terms of heterauxesis, the accumulation of lipids during larval development was opposed to that of nitrogen.
A SAMPLING PLAN FOR STUDIES ON THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF WHITE GRUBS, PHYLLOPHAGA SPP. (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE)
Authors: Guppy J. C. , Harcourt D. G.
Published: December 2009

A study of sampling variation in the white grubs Phyllophaga fusca Froelick and P. anxia LeConte in a permanent meadow showed that inter-plot differences occurred in 70% of the samples. Block differences were rarely significant. For all stages, the most appropriate sample unit was a 1 ft cube of soil and sod. The number of samples required was inversely proportional to population density; this relationship was graphed for three levels of sampling precision.
QUANTITATIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONSUMPTION AND EXCRETION BY LARVAE OF PSEUDALETIA UNIPUNCTA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Mukerji M. K. , Guppy J. C.
Published: December 2009

High correlations between food consumption and excretion in terms of dry matter, calories, lipids, and nitrogen were obtained during the larval stages of Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.). The regression coefficients for this relationship in terms of dry matter did not differ significantly from those of calories; this leads to the hypothesis that the ratio of food consumption and excretion in terms of dry matter in a particular larval instar provides an estimate of caloric intake.
A SYNOPSIS OF THE ALBIPENNIS–LILLOOET–DECLARATA SERIES OF THE GENUS EUXOA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW SPECIES AND A NEW SUBSPECIES
Authors: Hardwick D. F.
Published: December 2009

Diagnostic characters of Euxoa albipennis (Grt.), E. lillooet McD., E. declarata (Wlk.), and E. campestris (Grt.) are discussed. Euxoa rockburnei and E. declarata californica are described as new species and new subspecies, respectively. Adults and genitalia of the constituents of the series are illustrated and a key to species is presented.
TWO NEW AMERICAN BRUCHIDS IN THE SORDIDUS GROUP OF STATOR (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) WITH NOTES ON OTHER SPECIES
Authors: Bottimer L. J.
Published: December 2009

Stator vachelliae new species is described from Texas, Mexico, El Salvador, and Venezuela and S. mexicanus new species is described from San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Stator usticolor (Sharp) and S. semicolon (Sharp) NEW COMBINATIONS have been determined as belonging to the sordidus complex. The following rearing records are recorded: S. vachelliae and S. subaeneus (Schaeffer) from Acacia farnesiana and S. mexicanus from Acacia cornigera.
THE ROLE OF PARASITES IN THE CONTROL OF THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO
Authors: Wressell H. B.
Published: December 2009

Surveys, from 1948 to 1964, showed that parasites were of minor importance in controlling the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), in extreme southwestern Ontario. Of the three species that became established, Lydella grisescens Robineau-Desvoidy was the most widespread and the most important. Eriborus terebrans (Gravenhorst) showed considerable buildup in parts of Essex County after discovery there in 1957, and Sympiesis viridula (Thomson) was found widely dispersed, but low in density, throughout the survey area. There is an indication that parasites might be of greater importance in areas where the second-generation borer is increasing.
NEW SPECIES AND RECORDS OF NEW WORLD MICROPEPLINAE (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE)
Authors: Campbell J. M.
Published: December 2009

Two new species, Micropeplus volcanus from Mexico and M. smetanai from British Columbia, are described and illustrated. New distributional and habitat data are given for nine other species of the subfamily. The male genitalia of Kalissus nitidus Leconte and Peplomicrus acumen (Sharp) are illustrated for the first time. A revised key to the New World species of the genus Micropeplus is presented.
RESPONSE OF MELANOTUS COMMUNIS (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE) LARVAE TO SOIL TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE
Authors: Shepard Merle
Published: December 2009

Melanotus communis (Gyllenhal) larvae were introduced into temperature gradient columns containing moist or dry organic soil. In other experiments certain sections of the columns contained moist soil while soil in the remaining sections was dry.

Moist soil caused M. communis larvae to aggregate at higher temperature levels (24 °C) whereas dry soil evoked a positive response to the coolest level (10 °C). Cool (10 °C), moist sections attracted most of the wireworms while sections containing moisture at the highest temperature level caused a bimodal pattern of aggregation with M. communis larvae moving to both cool–dry or hot–moist conditions.

Differences in geotactic responses by M. communis larvae did not occur when the column was positioned vertically or horizontally.
A METHOD FOR REARING OVERWINTERING LARVAE OF WINTHEMIA OCCIDENTIS (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE), A PARASITE OF THE EASTERN HEMLOCK LOOPER
Authors: Otvos Imre S.
Published: December 2009

Winthemia occidentis Rhn. was introduced into Newfoundland to strengthen the parasite complex of the eastern hemlock looper. This tachinid has two emergence periods, one in the fall, the other in the following spring. A method was developed for rearing overwintering tachinid larvae to the adult stage. The best rearing results were obtained when the larvae were stored outdoors in jars of peat moss for the fall and winter period and removed to controlled temperature and humidity conditions in the spring, to complete development.
THE EFFECT OF MALE TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) ON THE RESPONSE OF FIELD POPULATIONS TO SECONDARY ATTRACTION
Authors: Nijholt W. W.
Published: December 2009

The strong attractiveness of logs infested with female ambrosia beetles, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.), to the flying population was sharply reduced after the addition of males. The field response of T. lineatum was greatly reduced when air from logs infested with attractive females was mixed with air passing over logs infested with both sexes. The findings suggest that females keep producing the attracting principle in the presence of males. Males appear to reduce secondary attraction by producing a volatile substance(s) which may be anti-aggregating or repellent in its effect.
NEW SPECIES OF CYRTINUS LECONTE FROM MEXICO AND VENEZUELA (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)
Authors: Howden Henry F.
Published: December 2009

Cyrtinus araguaensis n. sp. from northern Venezuela and Cyrtinus querci n. sp. from eastern Mexico are described and figured.
SPERMATOPHORE FORMATION AND SPERM TRANSFER IN THE DESERT LOCUST, SCHISTOCERCA GREGARIA (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Pickford R. , Padgham D. E.
Published: December 2009

Sperm transfer in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.), is accomplished by means of small (1.5 mm) spermatophores, formation of the first of which begins almost immediately after coupling. A normal copulation, which lasts 4 hours or longer, results in the production of about 6 spermatophores and a maximum of at least 14. Some details of the process of spermatophore formation are presented and differences among certain groups of acridoids are discussed.
EFFECTS OF AN INSECT GROWTH REGULATOR WITH HIGH JUVENILE HORMONE ACTIVITY ON THE APTEROUS FORM OF THE POTATO APHID, MACROSIPHUM EUPHORBIAE (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Benskin J. , Perron J. M.
Published: December 2009

A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a novel insect growth regulator (IGR) with juvenile hormone activity. Tests show the third instar to be the stage most sensitive to the regulator based on reduction of fecundity throughout inhibition of normal adult development. Effective control in most stages was for the first time brought about within the realm of economic feasibility. The IGR could be of value in future control of aphid populations.
AMERICAN SPECIES OF DIORYCTRIA (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE): IV. THE SCHUETZEELLA GROUP AND THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF THE SPRUCE CONE MOTH
Authors: Mutuura Akira , Munroe Eugene
Published: December 2009

The spruce cone moth, identified as Dioryctria reniculella (Grote) by Heinrich and other authors, is described as D. reniculelloides n. sp. This and D. pseudotsugella Munroe form a compact group closely related to the European D. schuetzeella Fuchs. These three species are characterized. D. reniculella is sunk as a junior synonym of D. abietivorella (Grote), new synonymy.
A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF ODONTIINAE FROM ARKANSAS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Munroe Eugene
Published: December 2009

Neocymbopteryx n. gen. type-species N. heitzmani n. sp., is described from Eureka Springs, Arkansas. The genus is a derivative of Cymbopteryx apparently adapted to diurnal activity.
CONTROL OF EGG FERTILIZATION BY NASONIA VITRIPENNIS (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE) WHEN LAYING ON PARASITIZED HOUSE FLY PUPAE
Authors: Wylie H. G.
Published: December 2009

Females of Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) lay a smaller percentage of fertilized (i.e. female) eggs on house fly, Musca domestica L., pupae previously parasitized by their own species, by Muscidifurax zaraptor K. & L., or by Spalangia cameroni Perk. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) than on unparasitized hosts. They respond to changes in the fly pupae associated with death, and in the case of house flies attacked by N. vitripennis, to "venoms" injected at that time or to changes unrelated to death. By not fertilizing eggs that they lay on attacked hosts, the females also conserve sperm, for immature N. vitripennis on previously-attacked fly pupae are usually killed by parasite larvae already present.
THE NEUROENDOCRINE ORGANS OF LARVAE OF NEODIPRION LECONTEI, N. SWAINEI, AND DIPRION HERCYNIAE (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE)
Authors: Hinks C. F.
Published: December 2009

Larvae and eonymphs of the diprionid sawflies Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch), Neodiprion swainei Midd., and Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) were dissected and stained to demonstrate the nervous system and endocrine organs. Morphologically and anatomically the endocrine organs in both larvae and eonymphs of all three species are very similar. The cephalic structures comprise lateral and medial neurosecretory cells in the brain which discharge their secretions through a single pair of nerves (NCC) to the corpora cardiaca. The NCC divide before they enter the corpora cardiaca sending a branch to the corresponding corpus allatum. No other nervous connections with these organs are apparent.

Paired neurohaemal organs occur in each thoracic segment, forming distinct dilations on slender nerves arising from the ventral cord connectives. They receive secretions from groups of lateral neurosecretory cells in the thoracic ganglia.

Each abdominal ganglion has three neurohaemal organs associated with it, a single small spherical structure antero-medially, and paired lateral organs of a diffuse structure, overlying the base of each segmental nerve. They are less conspicuous than the thoracic organs and have different staining properties.
A NUMERICAL TAXONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS OF BOMBUS AND PSITHYRUS (APIDAE: HYMENOPTERA)
Authors: Plowright R. C. , Stephen W. P.
Published: December 2009

The question of whether the evolutionary origin of the parasitic bumble bees (Psithyrus Lep.) was monophyletic or polyphyletic has not been convincingly resolved by conventional systematics. In this study numerical taxonomic (NT) analysis was applied to data on wing venation from a set of 13 species of Psithyrus and 60 species of non-parasitic bumble bees (Bombus Latr.), representing 16 of the subgeneric divisions recognized by Richards. The resultant cluster analysis gave an almost perfect grouping of the constituent Bombus species into their ’correct’ subgenera. This was taken as evidence that the NT procedure had yielded discriminant criteria of evolutionary significance. Since the same criteria also produced a single grouping of the Psithyrus species, the results support a monophyletic origin for Psithyrus.
INSECT DEVELOPMENTAL INHIBITORS: EFFECT OF REDUCTION AND DELAY CAUSED BY JUVENILE HORMONE MIMICS ON THE PRODUCTION OF WINGED MIGRANTS OF MYZUS PERSICAE (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON PEACH TREES
Authors: Tamaki George
Published: December 2009

Insect developmental inhibitors applied to colonies of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), on peach trees in early May reduced the production of winged migrants as much as 75% and delayed migration for as long as 15 days. However, these compounds affected mainly the alatoid nymphs and not the reproductive adults; therefore, apterous aphids would be available as prey to the natural enemies that are present on peach trees in the spring. A reduction in the number of aphid migrants and a delay in their migration from peach trees would result in a subsequent reduction in the number of aphids produced on diseased secondary hosts and a delay in the migration of these aphids to host crops. In most cases, this would result in an increase in yield and an economic gain to the growers.
TAXONOMIC METHODS: RELATIVE WEIGHTS APPLIED TO CHARACTERS BY CLASSICAL TAXONOMISTS IN THE GENUS IPHISEIUS BERLESE (ACARINA: PHYTOSEIIDAE)
Authors: Hansell Roger I. C. , Chant D. A.
Published: December 2009

Conflicting taxonomic decisions by classical systematists in the genus Iphiseius are examined against a numerical model. The relative weights given to characters are estimated by the amount each character must be changed to minimally permit each classical taxonomic decision. In the genus Iphiseius the taxonomic disagreements are due to heavy weighting of different small sets of characters based on groupings of historically prior clustering cycles.
TWO NEW MACROSIPHINI (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) FROM MANITOBA
Authors: Robinson A. G.
Published: December 2009

Two new species of aphids are described from Manitoba, Acyrthosiphon assiniboinensis new species from Potentilla fruticosa L., and Masonaphis pinawae new species from Ledum groenlandicum Oeder.
NEW SPECIES OF LEPTOHYPHINAE FROM MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA (EPHEMEROPTERA: TRICORYTHIDAE)
Authors: Allen Richard K. , Brusca Richard C.
Published: December 2009

Descriptions and figures are presented for Leptohyphes dicinctus, L. melanobranchus, L. brunneus, L. consortis, L. ferruginus, L. hispidus, L. lestes, L. lumas, L. pilosus, L. spiculatus, Tricorythodes notalus, and T. ulmeri from Mexico and Central America.
THE DISPERSAL OF THE INTRODUCED PARASITE LOPHYROPLECTUS LUTEATOR (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE) FOLLOWING ITS RELEASE AGAINST NEODIPRION SERTIFER (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE) IN ONTARIO
Authors: Griffiths K. J.
Published: December 2009

Lophyroplectus luteator (Thunb.), a European ichneumonid, has been established as a parasite of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) from a release made in 1962, and has dispersed approximately 12 miles (19.3 km) in the 7 years following introduction. A second, smaller release in the same year failed. In a third release, made in 1964, recoveries were made every year until sampling was stopped in 1971, but dispersal has only been approximately 2 miles (3.2 km).
ASPECTS OF THE BIOLOGY OF THREE SPECIES OF THE GENUSRHANTUS(COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ACOUSTICAL BEHAVIOR OF TWO
Authors: Smith Robert L.
Published: December 2009

Two of three species of the genusRhantusstudied were found to produce sounds while in water. Sound production by both sexes ofR.gutticollisandR.binotatusoccurs in a behavioral context of emigration, whileR.atricolordoes not produce waterborne sounds. Elevated temperature, absence of suitable bottom substrate, and high densities were effective stimuli for sound production by’ the two acoustically active species. The sounds were analyzed and a mechanism previously described as being involved in preflight warm-up of the thoracic musculature was found responsible for sound production in water. Possible functions of acoustical behavior are discussed, and new information on some aspects of the habitat ecology and general behavior of adults of the three species is provided.
REMARKS ABOUT MANSINGH'S AND MÜLLER'S CLASSIFICATIONS OF DORMANCIES IN INSECTS
Authors: Thiele H. U.
Published: December 2009

In answer to Mansingh’s criticism the value of Müller’s system of dormancies is emphasized. It gives especially a clear differentiation between the obligatory dormancy called parapause, which is under the control of only one environmental factor, and the facultative eudiapause, where different factors are working respectively as inducing and terminating. The carabid beetles are an example that illustrates that no narrow correlation can be found between the distribution of dormancy types and the climatic zones on the earth they live in.
LABORATORY AND FIELD TESTS WITH BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AGAINST THE DARK-SIDED CUTWORM, EUXOA MESSORIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), ON TOBACCO
Authors: Cheng H. H.
Published: December 2009

Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the susceptibility of the various larval stages of Euxoa messoria (Harris) in Ontario to four commercial preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner: Thuricide® 90TS, Thuricide®-HP, Biotrol® BTB 183, and Dipel. A field test was made to determine whether these preparations could be as effective as Dursban® (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate) for control of this species when applied on the rye cover crop in spring.

In laboratory tests first to third instar larvae that fed on rye leaves treated with all four B. thuringiensis preparations, were found to be susceptible regardless of the rates applied. Mortality of fourth to seventh instar larvae fed treated tobacco leaves was low. Thuricide 90TS and Biotrol BTB 183 as applied in the field for control of E. messoria populations were relatively ineffective as compared with Dursban.
EFFETS DE LA PHOTOPERIODE ET DES TEMPERATURES MOYENNES DE 15 °C SUR LA FECONDITE ET LA PRODUCTION DES SEXUES CHEZ LE PUCERON DU POIS, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (APHIDIDAE: HOMOPTERA)
Authors: Sharma M. L. , Larrivée J. M. , Thériault L. M.
Published: December 2009

La fécondité du puceron du pois Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) diminue au fur et à mesure que l’on diminue la photopériode journalière, ceci étant maximal à 16 heures de photopériode (55 ± 10 sur la variété Lincoln et de 74 ± 15 sur la variété Perfection du pois) à 15 °C.

Le déterminisme des sexes semble s’effectuer entre les photopériodes de 12 heures et 14 heures, le seuil critique de changement de sexe étant situé à 13 heures et 17 minutes chez A. pisum. Maximum de mâles (57 à 63%) sont produits entre 13 heures 4 minutes et 13 heures 36 minutes. Un maximum de 90.5% de femelles ovipares a été produit à 12 heures 10 minutes de photopériode.
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN THE GENUS PLEUROPOMPHA LECONTE: A NEW MATING DISPLAY IN BLISTER BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: MELOIDAE)
Authors: Pinto John D.
Published: December 2009

Distinguishing features of male courtship behavior in Pleuropompha include the performance of all acts including genital presentation from a position completely off and behind the female (posterior position), and the occurrence of a unique non-tactual display termed antennal fanning. Non-receptive females frequently react to antennal fanning with an equally distinct rejection response. The communicant manifested through male display is unknown. Preliminary observations suggest that fanning is perceived by the female’s antennae. Vision does not appear to play a significant role.

Male courtship in Pleuropompha differs from that of any other genus of Meloidae studied. It corresponds most closely to the behavior of certain species of the nominate subgenus of Epicauta, E. puncticollis in particular. In this species a persistent posterior position also occurs and the antennae of the male are also employed in display, although in this case display is overtly tactual.
THE FORAGING AND TENDING BEHAVIOR OF DOLICHODERUS TASCHENBERGI (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
Authors: Burns Denver P.
Published: December 2009

The foraging and tending behavior of the ant Dolichoderus taschenbergi (Mayr) was studied for 5 years in southwestern Pennsylvania. The ant used well-defined foraging trails and avidly collected honeydew from tuliptree scales, pine aphids, and less abundant sources. The ants increased the survival rate of tuliptree scales from 8.2 to 46.8%, probably by interfering with the activities of parasites and predators.
NEW PARASITE–HOST RECORDS FOR NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) IN ALASKA
Authors: Torgersen Torolf R.
Published: December 2009

Twenty new parasite–host records for 16 North American species of Ichneumonidae are given. Hosts were collected in southeastern and interior Alaska.
RELATIONSHIP OF SPATIAL DENSITY OF SPRAY DROPLET TO FREQUENCY OF CONTACT BY EUROPEAN RED MITE (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE)
Authors: Fisher R. W. , Menzies D. R.
Published: December 2009

The behaviour of individual adult female European red mites was observed on peach leaf discs sprayed with different numbers of 200 micron droplets of nigrosine dye solution, nigrosine plus Carzol miticide, and nigrosine plus dicofol. On nigrosine and Carzol deposits, the relationship between the number of contacts and the number of stains was linear, but the addition of Carzol reduced the slope of the line. Tests of stains containing dicofol were intermediate to those of nigrosine and Carzol.
EARLY DIFFERENTIAL MORTALITY IN NEODIPRION SERTIFER (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE)
Authors: Lyons L. A. , Sullivan C. R.
Published: December 2009

In Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.), mortality is greater in males than in females in the egg stage and probably also among early larvae, but in the late larval period females are more susceptible. The evidence consists of the difference in mortality between all-male and mixed (male + female) colonies, as well as the relationship of secondary sex ratio to preceding mortality and the number of survivors per colony. The effect of differential mortality on estimation of the primary sex ratio is discussed.
MANAGEMENT OF MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA IN NORTHWESTERN CANADA FOR POPULATION INCREASE
Authors: Pankiw P. , Siemens B.
Published: December 2009

Studies on population increase of the alfalfa leafcutter bee (Megachile rotundata Fabr.) were conducted in northern areas of Alberta and British Columbia (lat. 55°N. to 58°30′N.). Polyethylene shelters with one side open, placed over the domiciles, raised domicile daytime temperatures by 4°–10 °C, increased the duration of activity and the pollinating range of the bees, and resulted in an increased number of cocoons. Population increase was 2–5 times greater when hives and shelters faced south than when they faced east or west. Within a shelter bees also preferred hives with southern exposure. Movement of domiciles in mid-season for distances of 150 m or more caused a reduction in bee populations. Bees preferred wood to polystrene nesting material, old to new material, and surface stained material with patterns to unstained material. Severe mould development in polystrene nesting material affected development of larvae and emergence of pupae. Since population increase of M. rotundata, by utilization of polyethylene shelters and by proper directional orientation, is successful, re-establishment of a major alfalfa industry in northwestern Canada is now possible.
THE IDENTIFICATION AND ORIGIN OF THE STRAINS OF THE LARCH SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE), IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Wong Horne R.
Published: December 2009

This study identifies and presents a key to five strains of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig), which are designated Aweme, Fernie, Ambleside, Thirlmire, and Salzburg.

Aweme and Fernie strains occur only in North America and Salzburg strain is confined to Eurasia. Two Eurasian strains, Ambleside and Thirlmire, were accidentally introduced into Canada from England by 1913 among cocoons shipped for the release of the parasite Mesoleius tenthredinis Morley. It is postulated that the ancestors of Aweme-Salzburg strains Fernie–Thirlmire strains dispersed across the Bering Land Bridge into North America some time in the Miocene. These phyletic lines evolved into distinct Eurasian and North American strains. Early infestations in North America apparently consisted of North American strains, while later outbreaks have consisted primarily of the recently introduced Eurasian strains.
A YELLOW PUPAL BODY, SEX-LINKED MUTANT IN THE TOBACCO BUDWORM, HELIOTHIS VIRESCENS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Proshold F. I.
Published: December 2009

A sex-linked mutant of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), has been isolated. The wild-type pupae are brown, and the mutant pupae are yellow-bodied. The mutant (yb) could aid in sexing large numbers of tobacco budworms since > 98% of the female pupae from ± ♀ × yb/yb ♂ are yellow but all male pupae are brown. Data on mating frequency, fertility, and F1 survival of six mating types between ± or yb females and yb/yb, ±/yb, or ±/± males indicate that selection favors the wild-type genotype. When heterozygous males were crossed with either female genotype, the effect on fertility was similar to that produced by homozygous mutant males. Also, when heterozygous males were crossed with mutant females the effect on mating was similar to that produced by homozygous males. However, when heterozygous males were crossed with wild-type females, mating frequency was intermediate between that of the homozygous mutant and that of the homozygous wild-type. Survival of larvae from mutant females was lower than survival of larvae from wild-type females.
NATURAL ENEMIES AND INSECT ASSOCIATES OF THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE), IN SUGAR PINE
Authors: Dahlsten D. L. , Stephen F. M.
Published: December 2009

The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, and 68 associated insect species were reared from infested sugar pine, Pinus lambertiana. Portions of three infested trees were sectioned by height and the insects emerging from each were identified and recorded. In one tree the number of woodpecker strikes also was noted. The tops of two of the three trees were infested by another bark beetle, Pityophthorus confertus, and from these same two trees the most common parasite obtained was Macromesus americanus.
THE PUNCTIGERA GROUP OF THE GENUS EUXOA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES
Authors: Lafontaine J. D.
Published: December 2009

The punctigera group of the genus Euxoa is defined on the basis of genitalic characters. Species included in this group are Euxoa punctigera (Wlk.), E. spumata McD., E. stigmatalis (Sm.), E. aurantiaca n. sp., and E. cana n. sp. Adults and genitalia of the species are illustrated and a key to species is included.
A METHOD RECOMMENDED FOR EVALUATING RESIDUAL PESTICIDES FOR HOUSE FLY (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) CONTROL
Authors: Batth Surat S.
Published: December 2009

A procedure is described for evaluating commercial residual pesticides commonly used for house fly control. Blotting paper panels were treated with candidate products and aged up to 5 weeks. During aging, these panels were tested thrice at 1, 3, and 5 weeks after their treatment for efficacy based on mortality of female house flies exposed to them for 24 h in a cage. A product is reported satisfactory if the average percentage kill obtained is not less than 80, 60, and 50 at 1, 3, and 5 weeks aging respectively or within 5 percentage points less than these limits. A product meeting first and third week mortality limits is also considered acceptable.
THE LIFE HISTORIES OF THREE SPECIES OF LESTES (ODONATA: ZYGOPTERA) IN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Sawchyn W. W. , Gillott C.
Published: December 2009

In Saskatchewan, Lestes unguiculatus Hagen, L. disjunctus disjunctus Walk., and L. dryas Kirby overwinter as eggs in a late stage of embryonic development. The embryos enter diapause in September and, in this condition, can survive exposure to temperatures as low as −20 °C. Under field conditions adequate snow cover is necessary to prevent egg mortality due to desiccation or exposure to air temperatures lower than −20 °C. Post-diapause development can take place at 0 °C but does not occur until the eggs are wetted as the pond fills with runoff water in the spring. Hatching in L. disjunctus and L. unguiculatus is highly synchronous and occurs when the water temperature is about 10 °C. Larval development is completed in about 60 days. Emergence is highly synchronous and is virtually complete within 10 days. Sexual maturation requires 16 to 18 days. Oviposition immediately follows copulation while the pair is still in tandem. Eggs are laid only in green stems of Scirpus L., between 5 and 60 cm above the water surface. The stems selected are those either growing in small groups or bordering larger stands. The significance of the observations is discussed in terms of the species’ ability to survive the climatic extremes of central Canada.
THE FUNGUS ENTOMOPHTHORA PHYTONOMI PATHOGENIC TO THE ALFALFA WEEVIL, HYPERA POSTICA
Authors: Harcourt D. G. , Guppy J. C. , MacLeod D. M. , Tyrrell D.
Published: December 2009

Entomophthora phytonomi Arthur, a pathogen recognized for many years under the name Entomophthora sphaerosperma Fres. as an important natural control agent in populations of the clover leaf weevil, Hypera punctata (Gyll.), has now been identified from the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyll.). Both conidial and resting spore stages are described.

Early in the summer of 1973, the fungus was responsible for an epizootic in populations of the alfalfa weevil throughout much of east-central Ontario. In three study plots, mortality levels in larvae and cocoons ranged from 65–90% and 42–53%, respectively. This suggests that the fungus is capable of playing a significant role in the dynamics of weevil populations.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE FECUNDITY OF HYSSOPUS THYMUS (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE)
Authors: Syme Paul D.
Published: December 2009

The fecundity of Hyssopus thymus Girault females does not normally vary between generations within a single year, but differences frequently occur between years. A weighted mean annual fecundity of 14 eggs per female under laboratory conditions has been determined by pooling several years’ records, although the maximum number of eggs laid by a female was 130. A mean of 20 eggs per female was determined under quasinatural conditions. The weight of the host, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), limits the number of eggs laid per host during the early spring when shoot moth larvae are small. When the host larvae are larger, size is no longer a limiting factor in the number of eggs deposited per host. There is a preoviposition period of about 3 days and egg production is synovigenic. The number of fully developed eggs within a female at one time varies between about 7 and 12 eggs on a 3-day cycle, and never exceeds 16. Each female wasp attacks two or three large host larvae and this number is probably doubled when the host larvae available for attack are small.