bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prueba de estrés hiperosmótico agudo para evaluar el vigor de larvas a la primera alimentación de la cabrilla arenera Paralabrax maculatofasciatus y del pargo flamenco Lutjanus guttatus
Authors: Martínez-Brown Juan M. , Ibarra-Castro Leonardo , Rojo-Cebreros Angel H. , López-Cabanillas Jonathan , Rodríguez-Trejo Mariana , Ortíz-Galindo José L.
Published: September 2018

En este estudio se investigó la tolerancia de larvas a la primera alimentación de la cabrilla arenera Paralabrax maculatofasciatus y del pargo flamenco Lutjanus guttatus a un estrés hiperosmótico agudo. Embriones de P. maculatofasciatus y L. guttatus fueron incubados en microplacas de 48 celdas a 23 y 28°C, respectivamente. Larvas de primera alimentación fueron expuestas por triplicado a salinidades de 35 a 95 g L-1 ó 35 a 85 g L-1, y la supervivencia fue monitoreada de 0,5 a 3,5 h ó 0,5 a 53 h, para P. maculatofasciatus y L. guttatus, respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron que la mortalidad aumentó de manera diferente entre los tratamientos desde el primer tiempo de exposición en cada especie. Salinidades extremas fueron letales en 30 min. Salinidades cercanas al control fueron sub-letales. En salinidades intermedias, la mortalidad se ajustó a un modelo potencial o lineal. Para P. maculatofasciatus, los valores de LC50 obtenidos entre 0,5 y 3,5 h fueron de 73,4 a 65,4 g L-1. Para L. guttatus los valores de LC50 obtenidos entre 2 y 5 h fueron de 57,3 a 54,5 g L-1. La comparación de LC50 entre especies mostró que las larvas de P. maculatofasciatus tuvieron una mayor tolerancia al estrés hiperosmótico. Con base en los resultados obtenidos en cada especie, se recomienda la exposición a 70 g L-1 por 1 h para P. maculatofasciatus y 57 g L-1 por 2 h para L. guttatus, cuando se realicen pruebas de estrés hiperosmótico. Esta prueba de estrés es objetiva, sencilla y puede utilizarse tanto en estudios sobre nutrición y manejo de reproductores como en plantas de producción de juveniles como método de control de calidad.
Registros limnéticos de Hypanus sabinus (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) en la cuenca del río Grijalva, sur del Golfo de México
Authors: Reyes-Ramírez Henrry , Álvarez-Pliego Nicolás , Sánchez Alberto J. , Espinosa-Pérez Héctor , Florido Rosa , Salcedo Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2018

Hypanus sabinus is reported in the limnetic environments in the coastal plain of the Southern Gulf of Mexico. Eight specimens were collected 51 km away from the coastline in electric conductivity values less than 1,017 µS cm-1. One pregnant female and one male with two caudal spines are included. These findings represent the first limnetic records of this species in southern Mexico.
Excursion theory for Brownian motion indexed by the Brownian tree
Authors: Abraham Céline , Le Gall Jean-François
Published: September 2018

We develop an excursion theory for Brownian motion indexed by the Brownian tree, which in many respects is analogous to the classical Itô theory for linear Brownian motion. Each excursion is associated with a connected component of the complement of the zero set of the tree-indexed Brownian motion. Each such connected component is itself a continuous tree, and we introduce a quantity measuring the length of its boundary. The collection of boundary lengths coincides with the collection of jumps of a continuous-state branching process with branching mechanism

\psi(u)=\sqrt{8/3}\,u^{3/2}

. Furthermore, conditionally on the boundary lengths, the different excursions are independent, and we determine their conditional distribution in terms of an excursion measure

\mathbb M_0

which is the analog of the Itô measure of Brownian excursions. We provide various descriptions of M0, and we also determine several explicit distributions, such as the joint distribution of the boundary length and the mass of an excursion under

\mathbb M_0

. We use the Brownian snake as a convenient tool for defining and analysing the excursions of our tree-indexed Brownian motion.
Mirabilis expansa Growth, Yield, and Quality Traits: First US Field Trials for an Ancient, Endangered, Andean Crop
Authors: Van Zant Miriam Kritzer , Diesburg Ken , Lightfoot David A.
Published: September 2018

Crop introductions have historical importance.  Ancient, endangered, Andean root and forage crop Mirabilis expansa (Ruiz and Pav.) Standl. (Nyctaginaceae), has high quality starch and protein, is drought resistant, and exhibits high morphological variation on individuals.  Leaves are used for animal forage, roots for human food.  Processing of the calcium oxalate could make M. expansa a significant modern crop.  Cultivated varieties 'L' and 'T’ were grown in constructed, lysimeter sand plots in southern Illinois 2008—2009.  There was sufficient survival and growth data for var. ‘L’ for testing with Repeated Measures ANOVAs.  Tables of mean averages of harvest data are included for each variety.  Var. ‘L’ plots had three levels of soil amendments plus all-sand as the control.  Plant height, longest and typical axial shoot length, emerging axial and lateral shoot numbers, lamina length with and without petiole included, lamina width, and estimated herbivory, all had significance at P<0.05, for tracking growth in at least some soil amendments.   The 3% (w/w) steer manure amendment was optimal for growth. M. expansa cultivars were therefore shown as adapted to the southern Illinois climate in the modified plots.  M. expansa is unlikely to become invasive or a major crop where standing water persists in the root zone.
Quantifying the vertical transport of CHBr3 and CH2Br2 over the western Pacific
Authors: Butler Robyn , Palmer Paul I. , Feng Liang , Andrews Stephen J. , Atlas Elliot L. , Carpenter Lucy J. , Donets Valeria , Harris Neil R. P. , Montzka Stephen A. , Pan Laura L. , Salawitch Ross J. , Schauffler Sue M.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. We use the GEOS-Chem global 3-D atmospheric chemistry transport model to interpret atmospheric observations of bromoform (CHBr3) and dibromomethane (CH2Br2) collected during the CAST and CONTRAST aircraft measurement campaigns over the western Pacific, January–February 2014. We use a new linearized, tagged version of CHBr3 and CH2Br2, allowing us to study the influence of emissions from specific geographical regions on observed atmospheric variations. The model describes 32 %–37 % of CHBr3 and 15 %–45 % of CH2Br2 observed variability during CAST and CONTRAST, reflecting model errors in vertical transport. The model has a mean positive bias of 30 % that is larger near the surface, reflecting errors in the poorly constrained prior emission estimates. We find using the model that observed variability of CHBr3 and CH2Br2 is driven by open ocean emissions where there is deep convection. Atmospheric variability above 6 km includes a significant contribution from coastal oceans, but it is still dominated by emissions from the open ocean and by older air masses that originate upwind. In the absence of reliable ocean emission estimates, we use a new physical age-of-air simulation to determine the relative abundance of halogens delivered by CHBr3 and CH2Br2 to the tropical transition layer (TTL). We find that 76 % (92 %) of air masses that originate from the ocean reach the TTL within two (three) atmospheric e-folding lifetimes of CHBr3 and almost all of them reach the TTL within one e-folding lifetime of CH2Br2. Over the duration of CAST and CONTRAST, and over our study region, oceans delivered a mean (range) CHBr3 and CH2Br2 mole fraction of 0.46 (0.13–0.72) and 0.88 (0.71–1.01) pptv, respectively, to the TTL, and a mean (range) Bry mole fraction of 3.14 (1.81–4.18) pptv from source gases to the upper troposphere.
Modeling CCN activity of chemically unresolved model HULIS, including surface tension, non-ideality, and surface partitioning
Authors: Prisle Nonne L. , Molgaard Bjarke
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of aerosol particles comprising surface active Nordic Aquatic Fulvic Acid (NAFA) and NaCl was modeled with four different approaches to account for NAFA bulk-to-surface partitioning and the combined influence of NAFA and NaCl on surface tension and water activity of activating droplets. Calculations were made for particles with dry diameters of 30–230 nm and compositions covering the full range of relative NAFA and NaCl mixing ratios. Continuous ternary parametrizations of aqueous surface tension and water activity with respect to independently varying NAFA and NaCl mass concentrations were developed from previous measurements on macroscopic bulk solutions and implemented to a Köhler model framework. This enabled comprehensive thermodynamic predictions of cloud droplet activation, including equilibrium surface partitioning, for particles comprising chemically unresolved organic NAFA mixtures. NAFA here serves as a model for surface active atmospheric humic-like substances (HULIS) and for chemically complex organic aerosol in general. Surfactant effects are gauged via predictions of a suite of properties for activating droplets, including critical supersaturation and droplet size, bulk phase composition, surface tension, Kelvin effect, and water activity. Assuming macroscopic solution properties for activating droplets leads to gross overestimations of reported experimental CCN activation, mainly by overestimating surface tension reduction from NAFA solute in droplets. Failing to account for bulk-to-surface partitioning of NAFA introduces severe biases in evaluated droplet bulk and surface composition and critical size, which here specifically affect cloud activation thermodynamics, but more generally could also impact heterogeneous chemistry on droplet surfaces. Model frameworks based on either including surface partitioning and/or neglecting surface tension reduction give similar results for both critical supersaturation and droplet properties and reproduce reported experimental CCN activity well. These perhaps counterintuitive results reflect how the bulk phase is nearly depleted in surface active organic from surface partitioning in submicron droplets with large surface area for a given bulk volume. As a result, NAFA has very little impact on surface tension and water activity at the point of droplet activation. In other words, the predicted surfactant strength of NAFA is significantly lower in sub-micron activating droplets than in macroscopic aqueous solutions of the same overall composition. These results show similar effects of chemically complex surfactants as have previously been seen only for simple surfactants with well-defined molecular properties and add to the growing appreciation of the complex role of surface activity in cloud droplet activation.
Characteristics and influencing factors of rainfall-induced landslide
and debris flow hazards in Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Zhang Ke , Wang Sheng , Bao Hongjun , Zhao Xiaomeng
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Shaanxi Province, located in Northwest China and spanning multiple hydroclimatic and geological zones, has many areas largely suffering from rainfall-induced landslide and debris flow. The objectives of this study are to reveal the spatiotemporal characteristics of the two hazards and identify their major controlling factors in this region based on a region-wide, comprehensive ground survey-based hazard inventory dataset from 2009–2012. We investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of the two hazards and quantified the relationships between the occurrence rates of the two hazards and their influencing factors, including antecedent rainfall amount, rainfall duration, rainfall intensity, terrain slope, land cover type and soil type. The results show that landslide has a higher occurrence rate and more extensive distribution than debris flow in this region, while the two hazards are both concentrated in the south with ample rainfall and steep terrains. Both of the hazards show clear seasonalities: July–September for landslide and July for debris flow. Rainfall characteristics (amount, duration and intensity) and slope are the dominant factors controlling slope stability across this region. Debris flow is more sensitive to these rainfall metrics on the high-value ranges than landslide in this region. Land cover is another influencing factor but soil type does not appear to impose consistent impacts on the occurrence of the two hazards. This study not only provides an important inventory data for studying the landslide and debris flow hazards but also add valuable information for modeling and predicting the two hazards to enhance resilience to these hazards in this region.
Determination of plastic properties using instrumented indentation test with hybrid particle swarm optimization
Authors: Huang L.Y. , Guan K.S. , Xu T. , Zhang J.M. , Wang Q.Q.
Published: September 2018

Instrumented indentation test is a promising non-destructive method to determine mechanical properties. This paper proposes a new approach to determine the plastic properties of bulk metal materials (including yield stress, strain-hardening exponent (n) and strain-hardening rate (K)), which couples an experimental load-displacement curve with finite element method. The load–displacement curve was obtained from continuous instrumented indentation test. Then a hybrid particle swarm optimization was employed to minimize the deviation between experimental and simulated load-displacement curves. As a combination of particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing, the simulated annealing particle swarm optimization is an economical and effective algorithm to identify plastic parameters. It was observed that the maximum error of strain-hardening rate extracted from the macro indentation test was 8.2 percent contrast to that determined by the conventional tensile test, and the maximum error of strain-hardening exponent was 4.7% respectively.
Small ring testing of high temperature materials
Authors: Hyde C. J.
Published: September 2018

In service components such as steam pipes, pipe branches, gas and steam turbine blades, etc. which operate in engineering applications such as power plant, aero-engines, chemical plant etc., can operate at temperatures which are high enough for creep to occur. Often, only nominal operating conditions (i.e. pressure, temperatures, system load, etc.) are known and hence precise life predictions for these components, which may be complex in terms of geometry or weld characteristics, are not possible. Within complex components it can also be the case that the proportion of the material creep life consumed may vary from position to position within the component. It is therefore important that non-destructive techniques are available for assisting in the making of decisions on whether to repair, continue operating or replace certain components. Small specimen creep testing is a technique which can allow such analyses to be performed. Small samples of material are removed from the component to make small creep test specimens. These specimens can then be tested to give information on the remaining creep life of the component. This paper presents the results of small ring specimens tested under creep conditions and shows the comparison to standard (full size) creep testing for materials used under high temperature in industry.
The development of a novel small ring specimen tensile testing technique
Authors: Kazakeviciute J. , Rouse J.P. , Hyde C.J.
Published: September 2018

The use of small specimens in routine testing would reduce resource requirements, however, limitations exist due to concerns over size effects, manufacturing difficulties, uncertainties related to the application of representative loading conditions, and complex interpretation procedures of non-standard data. Due to these limitations, small specimen testing techniques have been mostly applied for ranking exercises and to determine approximate or simple material parameters such as Young’s modulus, creep minimum strain rate and fracture toughness. The small ring method is a novel, high sensitivity small specimen technique for creep testing and has been extended in the present work for the determination of tensile material properties. Wrought aluminium alloy 7175-T7153 was tested at room temperature at 5 different loading rates. Finite element analysis was completed to evaluate the equivalent gauge section and equivalent gauge length in order to compare uniaxial tensile testing results and small ring specimen tensile testing results. An analytical solution has also been derived in order to validate the finite element analysis. It was discovered that the finite element analysis model was suitable, validated by both experimental results and analytical solution as well as that small ring specimens can be used to acquire same stress/strain data as uniaxial specimens.
Fatigue strength assessment of SUS316 by small bulge fatigue (SBF) test
Authors: Komazaki S. , Jojima R. , Muraoka N. , Nogami S. , Kamaya M. , Hisaka C. , Fujiwara M. , Nitta A.
Published: September 2018

A new fatigue test apparatus with a small disk-type specimen (8 mm in diameter) was developed in the authors’ group. This testing technique was termed “Small Bulge Fatigue (SBF) test”. Unlike the small punch (SP) test, a hydraulic bulging method was adopted for avoiding problems attributable to the contact or the friction between ball and specimen. A cyclic oil pressure could be alternatively applied to both specimen surfaces at the frequency of 10 Hz. The specimen thickness of central region (gauge area) was relatively reduced to avoid cracking at the edge of specimen, and the characteristic small disk-type specimen with flat and concave surfaces was proposed considering machinability and handleability. Austenitic stainless steel SUS316 was subjected to the preliminary test using this newly developed testing technique. The obtained results indicated that this SBF test had a potential for fatigue strength assessment.
Small punch technique used to evaluate the radiation damage in SS316L thin foils due to proton bombardment
Authors: Moreno D. , Haroush S. , Turgeman A. , Silverman I.
Published: September 2018

The mechanical properties characterization of thin foils to be used as target in high intensity accelerator requires non standards techniques. Previous studies, focused on foils after annealed, cold rolled and heat treatment after rolled, in addition to foils at different thickness, have been carried out to estimate the sensitivity of the small punch test (SPT) technique in foils. In this research we studied the degradation of the mechanical properties of foils due to irradiation damage by high intensity proton beams. For this new study, two samples of SS316L foils have 25 μm thickness were exposed to proton bombardment at 3.6 MeV, and approximately 300 μA of current for a period of 3 hours and 40 hours, separately. The SPT technique revealed that the un-irradiated specimens exhibited the largest load and deformation before failure, rather than the irradiated foils. The electron microscopy observations (SEM) revealed high cross slips and pseudo-cleavage density combined with multiple deformation twinning after irradiation to high energy. The mechanical behavior can be explained by the microstructure. The crack propagation path is in a zigzag fracture mode when multiple deformation twinning occurs close to the stretched zone of the foil and failure. Changes of the SPT measurements were found and the degradation from ductile to brittle crack mode is attributed to radiation damage effects.
Fatigue response evaluation of stainless steel SS 304 L(N) and SS 316 L(N) through cyclic ball indentation studies
Authors: Prakash R.V. , Madhavan K. , Prakash A.R. , Sandhya R. , Reddy G.V.P.
Published: September 2018

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of fatigue response of stainless steel SS 304 L(N) and SS 316 L(N) using cyclic ball indentation test method. A Tungsten Carbide (WC) spherical ball of 1.57 mm diameter is used for applying compression-compression fatigue cycling on the test specimen having a nominal thickness of 5 mm; the displacement response is monitored as a function of every cycle of loading. The study focused on cases where the stainless steel specimens were welded by two different welding processes – Activated flux TIG welding and conventional multi-pass TIG welding. Fatigue response was monitored at locations of weld zone, heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal to identify the effect of microstructure variation on fatigue response. It is observed that there is a steady increase in depth of penetration of the spherical indenter due to fatigue cycling; however, after a number of cycles, there is a sudden increase in depth of penetration which indicates the failure of the material beneath the indenter. The specimens after cyclic ball indentation were examined using a scanning electron microscope and one could observe the presence of secondary cracking in the penetrated region of the specimen.
Technical Note: Experimental techniques for Impression Creep and Small Punch testing
Authors: Rantala J.H.
Published: September 2018

The test rig for Impression Creep testing was designed based on the application of resistance cable heating instead of a normal furnace. The thermal stability is crucial in Impression Creep testing because of small displacements, typically just some tens of micrometers. Good thermal stability was achieved by applying resistance heating cables with an integrated thermocouple inside. For frictionless displacement measurement, ceramic tube and rod are used, located inside the hollow loading bar, protected from direct heat radiation and thermal fluctuations, thus avoiding thermal strains. In an international Round Robin these innovative arrangements provided the best strain signal stability. For the Small Punch testing the aim was set to make the test rig gas tight in order to avoid ingress of oxygen. However, the combination of gas tightness and frictionless movement of the puncher are contradictory requirements. This was solved by using a metallic bellow. Only the spring load of the bellow needs to be compensated which is possible when the loading is provided by a servomechanical testing machine.
Investigations into Taylor-Quinney coefficient determination for a 7000 series aluminium alloy using a novel small specimen test technique
Authors: Rouse J. P. , Hyde C. J. , Kazakeviciute J.
Published: September 2018

Thermo-mechanical coupling is a critical component in the thermodynamics of irreversible processes and is related to the dissipation of thermal energy during plastic straining. The Taylor-Quinney coefficient may be thought of as a ratio between thermally dissipated energy and plastic work, thereby giving insight into the thermo-mechanical coupling term. The inclusion of this parameter in a meaningful way is complicated by the various dependencies that the Taylor-Quinney coefficient may be subject to (e.g. loading rate and temperature). Determination of these dependencies is usually achieved through extensive experimentation, wherein temperature variations are monitored (with reference to an unloaded control sample) in a test piece during mechanical loading. There are practical limitations in full size testing methods however, not least relating to the location of full sized control and loaded samples in an environment chamber/furnace while simultaneously maintaining (control sample) temperature uniformity and high resolution temperature measurement (in the loaded sample). The present work details a method based on a novel small specimen testing technique that is currently under development at the University of Nottingham. A small ring of 7175-T7351 aluminum alloy (approximately 10mm in diameter and 2mm in thickness) is loaded between two pins at room temperature, with the local specimen temperature field monitored during monotonic deformation using an infra-red thermal camera. Experimental results are compared for different pin loading rates (namely 0.1mm/s, 1mm/s, and 10mm/s), with particular emphasis placed on localised temperature variations in areas of expected high plasticity. Differences of approximately 0.6°C were observed between 0.1mm/s and 1mm/s tests, with higher temperatures recorded in the latter. Higher temperatures were also noted at small specimen locations associated with localised plasticity. Fundamental thermal material properties are reported for the 7175 alloy in order to facilitate future analysis and heat equation solution efforts (working towards Taylor-Quinney coefficient determination).
Neural network utilization for evaluation of the steel material properties
Authors: Špička J. , Kander L. , Čížek P.
Published: September 2018

The aim of this work is to develop and test a new method for identification of material properties of the steel. This work deals with application of the small punch test for evaluation of material degradation of power station in the ČEZ company (main Czech energetic company) within the project TE01020068 “Centre of research and experimental development of reliable energy production, work package 8: Research and development of new testing methods for evaluation of material properties”. The main effort is here an improvement of empirical correlation of selected steel materials used in power industry for manufacturing of the critical components (rotors, steam-pipes, etc.). The effort here is on the utilization of the finite element method (FEM) and the neural network (NN) for evaluation of mechanical properties (Young modulus of elasticity, yield stress, tensile strength) of the selected material, based on SPT results only.
Determining the temperature dependent fracture toughness of carbon-bonded alumina using chevron-notched specimens
Authors: Zielke H. , Abendroth M. , Kuna M.
Published: September 2018

Open cell ceramic foam filters are used for metal melt filtration. The aim is to reduce the number of non-metallic inclusions and therefore to enhance the quality of the cast product. A new generation of multifunctional filters, which is investigated within the collaborative research center CRC920, is made of fine grained carbon-bonded alumina. The filter manufacturing process leads to hollow struts with sharp edge cavities, which could act as a crack tip. To evaluate the integrity of the filter, a fracture mechanical characterization of the bulk material at different temperatures is necessary. In the applied chevron-notched beam method (CNB) the small specimens (5 x 6 x 25 mm3) are loaded with a four-point bending test set-up until failure occurs. The test set-up offers the possibility of testing at temperatures up to 1000°C. With the help of the measured load-displacement curve the fracture toughness is calculated. Additionally, an analysis of the microstructure of the fracture surface of the specimens is presented.
Circumstances and their Roles in the Development of Editorials
Authors: Jegede Olusegun O.
Published: September 2018

The study identified and categorised the features of the circumstantial options in the selected newspaper editorials and interpreted the content expressed by the options. The options were then compared to the opinions expressed in the text. These were done with a view to investigating the roles played by circumstances in the development of editorials. Data for the study were elicited from newspapers. Seven editorials were purposively selected from the 28 editorials collected. The selected editorials cut across different aspects of life, including safety and security, crime, politics, economics and religion. Each editorial was broken down into sentences, but only the main clauses in the sentences were analysed. The findings revealed that some circumstantial options were prominent in the texts. These included location, manner, extent and cause. They also revealed that with circumstances in editorials, editorials can help to articulate a better understanding of the news media, the unique handling of language and text, and the impact on thought and culture. The study concluded that the experiential meta-function in systemic functional linguistics helped to highlight the features of editorials.
An Algebraic Model to Analyze Role-Based Access Control Policies
Authors: Sabri Khair Eddin
Published: September 2018

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) is a well known access control model used to preserve the confidentiality of information by specifying the ability of users to access information based on their roles. Usually these policies would be manipulated by combining or comparing them especially when defined in a distributed way. Furthermore, these policies should satisfy predefined authorization constraints.

In this paper, we present an algebraic model for specifying and analyzing RBAC policies. The proposed model enables us to specify policies and verify the satisfaction of predefined authorization constraints. Furthermore, the model allows us to combine policies and analyze their effect on predefined constraints. The model consists of few operators that give simplicity in specifying polices. We present a prototype tool used for facilitating the analysis.
Verplichte doorverwijzing naar bemiddeling: we can lead a horse to water, but can we make it drink?
Authors: Wijnant Tom
Published: September 2018

Mandatory mediation: we can lead a horse to water, but can we make it drink?

With a Belgian law of June, 18 2018, the principle of the voluntary nature of mediation was affected. A lot of critical comments can be made at this point. The scope of the obligation is not clear. Mandatory mediation raises the threshold to the court and has as effect that many cases are not handled in the most appropriate way. The bar doesn’t support the measure. Research is needed to find out if the new measure is justified.
Influência de variáveis espirométricas e transporte mucociliar na funcionalidade de tabagistas leves
Authors: Silva Isis Grigoletto , Silva Rebeca Nunes , Christofaro Diego Giulliano Destro , Freire Ana Paula Coelho Figueira , Ramos Dionei , Ramos Ercy Mara Cipulo
Published: September 2018

Introduo: O tabagismo provoca efeitos deletrios a sade afetando o estado de sade geral do indivduo. Neste contexto, torna-se indispensvel avaliao da influncia do fumo nas variveis respiratrias e na capacidade funcional de tabagistas. Objetivo: Analisar a influncia de variveis espiromtricas na capacidade de exerccio de indivduos tabagistas. Mtodos: Estudo transversal com 78 indivduos tabagistas, idade entre 40 e 60 anos, no qual foram avaliadas a funo pulmonar (espirometria), a capacidade funcional (teste de caminhada de seis minutos-TC6) e a transportabilidade mucociliar nasal (teste do tempo de transporte da sacarina-TTS). Resultados: As variveis espiromtricas apresentaram correlao positiva significativa com o TC6 e o TTS no apresentou correlao com o TC6. Concluso: A funo pulmonar tem correlao com a capacidade funcional, no entanto o TTS no apresenta essa correlao em indivduos tabagistas leves.
Avaliação do perfil de prescrição de dentifrícios fluoretados por cirurgiões dentistas em crianças menores de 6 anos
Authors: Lazzarin Helen Cristina , Vaccari Luana , Santos Cibelle Caroline Bassanesi dos , Sulzler Kelen Elaci , Souza Juliana Garcia Mugnai Vieira
Published: September 2018

Introdução: A escovação com dentifrício fluoretado é o melhor meio paraprevenir a cárie dentária, independente da idade. Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil de prescrição de dentifrício fluoretado por cirurgiões dentistas em crianças menores de 06 anos. Métodos: Foram entrevistados 62 odontólogos da rede pública do município de Cascavel – PR, e entregue um questionário com seis questões específicas. Resultados: Os cirurgiões dentistas relataram prescrever dentifrício fluoretado (64,5%), e orientam a quantidade a ser colocada na escova (93,5%), também conhecem sobre toxicidade do flúor e as causas da fluorose. Quanto a idade indicada para início da escovação com dentifrício fluoretado as prescrições foram a partir dos 6 anos de idade (24,2%) ou quando a criança soubesse cuspir (17,7%). Conclusão: Os entrevistados prescrevem dentifrício fluoretado para crianças menores de 6 anos de idade. Porém grande parte diferiu sobre a concentração ideal de flúor que deve ser utilizada, além da idade inicial que deve ser prescrito o creme dental fluoretado.
Perfil clínico funcional de pneumopatas em avaliação fisioterapêutica pré-transplante pulmonar
Authors: Ferreira Lucas Lima , Martines Bruna Angélica Reche , Correia Juliana Rodrigues , Cavenaghi Odete Mauad
Published: September 2018

Introdução: Transplante de pulmão (TxP) é o melhor tratamento para doenças pulmonares avançadas (DPA). Objetivo : Comparar variáveis clínico-funcionais de pacientes pré TxP em um hospital escola. Métodos : Estudo retrospectivo de prontuários de 33 pacientes. Formados quatro grupos: G1 - DPOC, G2 - bronquiec - tasia, G3 - fibrose pulmonar e G4 - outras DPA. Obtidos idade, sexo, capacidade vital forçada (CVF) e volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF 1 ); teste de caminhada de seis minutos, pressões respiratórias máximas e escores de qualidade de vida. Resultados: G1 apresentou CVF (2,00 ± 0,68 L) maior (p = 0,04) que G2 (1,23 ± 0,39 L), VEF 1 menor (p < 0,01) que G2 e G3 (0,67 ± 0,26 L vs 0,75 ± 0,25 L vs 1,51 ± 0,35 L) e PImáx (–58,94 ± 22,41cmH 2 O) menor (p = 0,04) que G4 (–90 ± 20,98 cmH 2 O). Conclusão : Pacientes com DPOC apresentaram pior função pulmonar e menor força muscular inspiratória comparado aos com outras DPA.
Efeitos da técnica isostretching em pacientes com escoliose: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Silva Hitallo Lima da , Bezerra Flávia Helena Germano , Gomes Patrícia Xavier Lima , Santos-Júnior Francisco Fleury Uchoa
Published: September 2018

Introduo : O isostreching uma modalidade teraputica onde o tratamento focado na melhora dos desequilbrios posturais. Objetivo : Identificar os efeitos da tcnica isostreching no tratamento da escoliose. Mtodos : Trata-se de uma reviso sistemtica de estudos publicados entre os anos de 1997 e 2017. Foram utilizados os termos de busca: escoliose, isostretching, isolados e associados em portugus e em ingls nas bases de dados Google acadmico, SciELO; PEDro; PubMed; Bireme e Cochrane. Resultados : Durante a pesquisa foram encontrados 314 artigos, aps a leitura e os critrios estabelecidos, foram selecionados para compor a reviso 6 estudos. A tcnica apresentou resultados positivos em relao ao padro postural, gibosidade e ngulo de Cobb. Concluso : Pode-se concluir que a tcnica de isostretching na escoliose teve resultados positivos, entretanto os resultados ainda so bastante discutveis, haja visto que a quantidade de ensaios clnicos que abordaram o tema baixa.
Independência funcional de idosos submetidos à ventilação mecânica invasiva: importância para o desfecho clínico e efeitos da hospitalização
Authors: Pereira Daniel Martins , Tamaki Edson Mamoru , Andrade Sonia Maria Oliveira de , Rapello Gabriel Victor Guimarães , Reis Filipe Abdalla dos , Sarat Junior Saturino De Campos
Published: September 2018

Objetivos: Verificar a importncia da medida da independncia funcional (MIF) nos desfechos clnicos de idosos mecanicamente ventilados e analisar os fatores de risco associados mortalidade. Mtodos: Coorte prospectiva de pacientes submetidos a VMI, divididos em dois grupos: Grupo no sobrevivente bito na internao e Grupo sobrevivente alta hospitalar. Resultados: A MIF antes da internao na UTI foi em mdia para o grupo no sobrevivente 94,8 e para o grupo sobrevivente 113,4 pontos (p=0,0062) e se relacionou com maior risco de bito (p0,0001; RR=2,37; IC 95%=1,43 a 3,93). Nos 27 pacientes avaliados aps 6 meses houve recuperao da MIF a valores prximos (103,0 pontos) comparados ao momento antes da internao na UTI (113,4). Concluses: A reduo da MIF relacionou-se com maior risco de bito. A mortalidade observada na internao foi alta com 59,0%. A MIF sofreu reduo significativa aps a internao na UTI e 6 meses aps a alta da UTI recuperou-se a valores semelhantes se comparada a antes da internao.
Faixa de amplitude de feedback aumenta a consistência do desempenho de habilidades motoras
Authors: Ugrinowitsch Alessandra Aguilar Coca , Cruz Madson Pereira , Ugrinowitsch Herbert
Published: September 2018

Introduo: A faixa de amplitude de conhecimento de resultados pode auxiliar o desempenho de habilidades motoras. Objetivo: Investigar o efeito da faixa de amplitude de conhecimento de resultados na consistncia do desempenho de habilidades motoras. Mtodo: Participaram do estudo 30 voluntrios separados aleatoriamente nos grupos faixa de amplitude 15%, que recebeu conhecimento de resultados quando o erro estava alm da faixa estipulada; e controle, que recebeu conhecimento de resultados aps cada tentativa. A tarefa consistiu em pressionar quatro teclas no teclado alfanumrico do computador, na sequncia, 2,8,6,4 com o dedo indicador da mo direita com tempo alvo de 900ms. A varivel independente foi manipulada nas 60 tentativas da fase de aquisio. O teste de reteno foi realizado aps 24h, com 10 tentativas. Resultados: O desempenho do faixa de amplitude 15% foi mais consistente durante a fase de aquisio e no teste de reteno. Concluso: A faixa de amplitude tem alta probabilidade de melhorar a consistncia no desempenho de habilidades motoras.
Associação entre aptidão física com atenção visual e desempenho acadêmico em crianças saudáveis
Authors: Nascimento Tárcio Amancio do , Silva Harrison Vinícius Amaral da , Merege-Filho Carlos Alberto Abujabra , Damasceno Vinicius De Oliveira , Costa André Dos Santos
Published: September 2018

Introduo: Entender o papel do exerccio para a cognio de crianas tornou-se fundamental, pois na fase escolar a criana se encontra em amplo desenvolvimento. Objetivo: Investigar a associao da aptido aerbia com ateno visual e desempenho escolar em crianas saudveis. Mtodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal, composto por 51 crianas com idade entre 7 a 12 anos de ambos os sexos. A aptido aerbia foi obtida a partir do teste de 6 minutos da bateria PROESP-BR. Para as mensuraes da ateno visual e do desempenho acadmico foram utilizados os Testes de Ateno Visual (TAVIS-4) e de Desempenho Escolar (TDE), respectivamente. Para correlao entre os valores das variveis foi utilizada a correlao de Pearson. Resultados: Observou-se que uma maior aptido aerbia no se relaciona com melhores desempenhos em testes de ateno e desempenho escolar. Concluso: Os achados sugerem que nveis insuficientes de aptido aerbia parecem no influenciar a cognio de crianas saudveis.
Flexibilidade e força muscular: comparações entre trabalhadores da construção civil, indivíduos sedentários e praticantes de musculação.
Authors: Rodrigues Gustavo De Mello , Freitas Fabio Sisconeto de , Rocha Lidiana Simões Marques , Bertoncello Dernival
Published: September 2018

Introduo: Tem-se a ideia de que, quanto mais fora, menor a flexibilidade articular. Objetivos: Verificar a flexibilidade e fora muscular entre indivduos praticantes e no-praticantes de musculao. Mtodos: Participaram do estudo 120 voluntrios adultos, idade entre 18 anos e 46 anos, divididos em 4 grupos: Sedentrios (S); Praticantes de musculao (M); Trabalhadores no praticantes de exerccios resistidos (T); Trabalhadores praticantes de exerccios resistidos (TM). Testes de flexibilidade e fora muscular foram utilizados para correlacionar os resultados. Resultados: Os grupos M e TM continham quantidade significativa em meses de prtica de musculao, alm de flexibilidade predominante de peitoral maior. A fora dos isquiotibiais foi predominante no grupo TM tambm. Quanto flexibilidade do msculo quadrceps apenas o grupo TM apresentou correlao negativa alta com a fora muscular. Concluso: No se pode afirmar que mesmo que a flexibilidade estabelea vantagem mecnica sobre um movimento, ela esteja diretamente relacionada fora muscular.
Wybrane korelaty wypalenia zawodowego rodziców zastępczych
Authors: Młody Lidia
Published: September 2018

Wyzwania opieki i wychowania dzieci w rodzinie zastępczej wykraczają daleko poza normatywne doświadczenia rodzicielstwa. Celem prowadzonych badań było identyfikowanie szczególnie trudnych problemów dla rodzin zastępczych wychowujących dzieci w pieczy zastępczej, a także analiza związku pomiędzy natężeniem tych trudności a poziomem własnej skuteczności oraz poziomem wypalenia zawodowego. Badania przy pomocy kwestionariuszy przeprowadzono wśród opiekunów zastępczych z powiatu rawickiego i gostyńskiego za pośrednictwem właściwych Powiatowych Centrów Pomocy Rodzinie. W badaniu wzięło udział 35 osób pełniących funkcję rodzin zastępczych o różnym charakterze: spokrewnionych, niezawodowych, zawodowych, rodzinnych domów dziecka oraz zawodowych o charakterze pogotowia rodzinnego. Do pomiaru zmiennych wykorzystano zestaw kwestionariuszy: 1) kwestionariusz do pomiaru wyczerpania i braku zaangażowania Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI); 2) skalę do pomiaru własnej skuteczności General Self-EfficacyScale (GSES), oraz 3) Listę problemów w sytuacji rodzicielstwa zastępczego – autorskie narzędzie do badania obciążenia rodzin zastępczych. Wyniki badania dowiodły, że trudności opiekunów zastępczych, mimo różnic w organizacji pieczy zastępczej na świecie, występują w podobnych obszarach i dotyczą: problemów z zachowaniem dzieci, wpływu rodzin biologicznych oraz niewytaczającego wsparcia instytucji. Rodziny zastępcze ujawniające syndrom wypalenia zawodowego: wyczerpanie i brak zaangażowania, w swojej pracy rodzica zastępczego postrzegają więcej trudności. Wysoki poziom poczucia własnej skuteczności przyczynia się do identyfikowania przez opiekunów zastępczych mniejszej ilości trudności i niższego poziomu obciążenia, sprzyja również uruchamianiu mechanizmów zaradczych i niższej podatność na wypalenie zawodowe.
African Academic Diaspora: Training and Research
Authors: Frittelli Claudia
Published: September 2018

Tertiary education enrollment in sub-Saharan Africa nearly doubled from approximately 4.5 million in 2000 to 8.8 million in 2016 (UNESCO UIS). To meet the needs of new and expanding universities, several African governments aim to increase the number of doctoral graduates who can become qualified staff. African universities have deployed innovative models of academic diaspora linkages in building the next generation of academics.
The Thorny Excellence Initiative in India
Authors: Altbach Philip G. , Choudaha Rahul
Published: September 2018

India enrolls 35 million students in its large and complex higher education system. In its ambition to enter world-class university rankings, the government has identified six “Institutions of Eminence.” The case of the “greenfield” Jio Institute exemplifies the thorny policy landscape and expectations of building a high-impact research university.
Graduate Student Unionization: A Unique American Issue?
Authors: Woldegiyorgis Ayenachew A.
Published: September 2018

For over half a century, unionization of graduate students in US private institutions has remained a point of contention. Comparable practices elsewhere not only have a much longer history, but also offer alternatives in terms of form of organization, purpose, and type of membership.
Assignation et discrimination racistes : enquêtes dans le monde du travail en France
Authors: De Rudder Véronique , Vourc’h François
Published: September 2018

Cet article présente une synthèse de résultats de recherches sociologiques menées sur le racisme dans les entreprises et les organisations syndicales depuis quinze ans. En France, la question des discriminations dites « raciales » comme problème social et la mise en place d’un dispositif public destiné à les réprimer est relativement récente. Cependant, il y existe toujours, bien qu’il y soit généralement dénié ou ignoré, un racisme systémique, notable dans différents domaines, qui désavantage tendanciellement immigrants et descendants d’immigrants en matière d’emploi, de salaire, etc. Au sein des entreprises, les stéréotypes dévalorisants permettant de faire porter à ces derniers la responsabilité de leur situation s’ajoutent aux divers moyens d’intimidation et de réduction au silence des travailleurs minoritaires. Les organisations syndicales dénoncent le racisme patronal, mais éprouvent beaucoup de difficulté à traiter directement du racisme et des discriminations, et ce, pour diverses raisons. Si des luttes contre les traitements discriminatoires ont pu être menées, parfois avec succès, elles ont généralement été non relayées au niveau syndical national.
Identités plurielles
Authors: Mathieu Séverine
Published: September 2018

Quand on sait qu’aujourd’hui en France la moitié des mariages contractés par des personnes juives sont des mariages mixtes, la question « qu’est-ce qu’être juif? » revêt toute son importance. Que transmet-on lorsque l’on se sent juif, que l’on n’est pas pratiquant, que l’on partage sa vie et que l’on élève des enfants avec un conjoint non juif? L’enquête sociologique menée par l’auteure montre que les deux conjoints souhaitent transmettre un judaïsme qui ne soit pas uniquement religieux (voire non religieux), souvent qualifié de « culturel ». Il s’agit de réinventer des espaces, symboliques ou réels, pour donner corps à une identité plurielle et transmettre un judaïsme sécularisé. Ce désir de revendiquer une identité juive est intimement lié, on s’en doute, à la Shoah.
SINDROM SAGORIJEVANJA U NASTAVNIČKOJ PROFESIJI
Authors: Rošić Fehim
Published: September 2018

Sindrom profesionalnog sagorijevanja,kao psihološki sindrom, uveden jeu psihološku literaturu i klasifikacijskepreglede sedamdesetih godina prošlogstoljeća i od tada su izvršena brojnaistraživanja prisustva simptoma ovogsindroma u raznim pomažućim profesijama.Ovo empirijsko istraživanje bavise profesionalnim sagorijevanjem u nastavničkojprofesiji, a obuhvata mjerenjeizraženosti tri skupine simptoma:emocionalne iscrpljenosti (EE), depersonalizacije(DP) i osjećaja profesionalnekompetentnosti (PA). Istraživanje jeobavljeno na uzorku od 353 nastavnikaosnovnih i srednjih škola standardiziranimUpitnikom profesionalnog sago-rijevanja (MBI). Testiranje značajnostirazlika između aritmetičkih sredina ukupnogrezultata na svakoj od tri subskalevršena je s obzirom na spol, školskuspremu, vrstu posla, vrstu škole i godineradnog iskustva ispitanika, kao kriterijskevarijable. Ni po jednom od ovih kriterijanisu se pokazale značajnim razlikearitmetičkih sredina na skali PA, dokse statistički značajnom pokazala razlikana dimenziji EE jedino s obzirom navrstu nastave i godine radnog iskustva.Na dimenziji depersonalizacije (DP) pokazalase statistički značajnom razlikaaritmetičkih sredina po svakom od kriterijaosim s obzirom na radno iskustvoispitanika.
УГОВОР О ПУТНОМ ЗДРАВСТВЕНОМ ОСИГУРАЊУ
Authors: Шиповац Зорица
Published: September 2018

Анализа уговора о путном здравственом осигу-рању у Републици Србији, као и у Републици Српској је од великогзначаја, за све нас, без обзира да ли се ради о осигураницима илиоштећенима. Значај се огледа у повећаном броју уговора који сесвакодневно склапају, услед учесталих путовања било које врсте.Циљ овог рада јесте разумевање и развијање потребе за уговори-ма о путном здравственом осигурању, његов допринос сигурностиосигураника, иновативности осигуравајућих друштава и продајнестратегије, као и побољшању односа са клијентима. Захваљујућиразвоју нових технологија у комбинацији са квалитетним раднимискуством, отвара се нова перспектива у делу заштите клијена-та, сервисирања њихових потреба, унапређења процеса накнадештета, као и смањења превара у осигурању.
РЕГИСТРОВАНА ЗАЛОГА ПРЕМА ОКВИРНОМ ЗАКОНУ О ЗАЛОЗИМА
Authors: Јотановић Раденко
Published: September 2018

У Босни и Херцеговини је 2004. године донесен Оквирни закон о залозима којим се у правни систем уводи заложно право на покретним стварима уписаним у Регистар (регистро-вана залога). То је значајна новина у односу на раније заложно право на покретним стварима - ручну залогу (класично заложно право, pignus), јер предмет залога остаје у државини заложног повјериоца. Поред тога, концепт овог правног института доноси низ нових законских рјешења као што су проширење предмета залога на генеричке ствари, будућу и цјелокупну имовину дужника, затим увођење Регистра залога који обезбјеђује публицитет и првенствени ред у намирењу, регистрацију без обзира на правни основ стицања залога, али и посебан извршни поступак у случају кад је правни основ настанка правни посао. Насупрот томе, стављају се и бројни приговори на поједина рјешења у Оквирном закону о залозима који се углавном односе на његову неускла-ђеност са националним законодавством у погледу номотехнике, терминологије и нормирања правних појмова непознатих нашој правној традицији.