bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FROM THE DICOVERY OF NON-A, NON-B HEPATITIS VIRUS TOWARDS HEPATITIS C VIRUS ELIMINATION
Authors: Gastaminza Landart Pablo
Published: July 2021

In october 5 2020, the Nobel Assembly and the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine, announced that three scientists Drs. Harvey Later, Michael Houghton and Charles Rice were the awarded with the Nobel prize in Medicine 2020 “for the discovery of the hepatitis C virus”. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in one of several viruses capable of causing chronic liver inflammation and life-threatening pathologies like cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Dr. Harvey Alter observations at the NIH Clinical Center prompted the postulate of a virus that was different from the hepatitis A and hepatitis B viruses known at that time. After many years of frustration trying to identify the infectious agent responsible for the non-A, non-B, transfusion-associated virus using conventional virological techniques, Dr. Michael Houghton succeeded not only at unequivocally identifying HCV, but also at generating essential reagents to prevent the spread of the virus through contaminated blood banks. These tools and subsequent molecular tools develop after this discovery suggest that more than 70 million people are currently infected with HCV worldwide. These studies were followed again by many years of frustrated attempts at isolating and propagating the virus in cell culture models to study basic virology on HCV. Dr. Charles Rice pioneered many studies aiming at characterizing basic functions of the viral proteins for which he developed among others, reverse genetics systems and functional assays in the form of replicons, a biological tool that was instrumental to develop the current antiviral therapies. However, its pioneer reverse genetics experiments in the chimpanzee model, by which he rescued infectious virions from cloned viral genetic material, granted his presence among the awardees. In this brief review, we discuss the context in which these seminal contributions were made and how HCV research has been propelled to the point where WHO is suggesting virus eradication using the currently available therapies.
RELATIONSHIP OF THE VIROLOGIST PROFESSOR ADOLFO GARCÍA SASTRE WITH THE UNIVERSITY OF SALAMANCA AND THE ROYAL NATIONAL ACADEMY OF
PHARMACY
Authors: Cabezas Fernández del Campo José Antonio , Esteban Rodríguez Mariano
Published: July 2021

We give some biographical details of the virologist Professor Adolfo Garcia Sastre, as a Graduate student (1981-1986) in the Biology School of University of Salamanca and during his PhD Thesis (1986-1990) in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Chairman Prof J.A. Cabezas), under the supervision of Prof. Enrique Villlar and obtaining the highest academic marks. The research lines that he established in collaboration with his Thesis director, with Prof. J.A Cabezas and others, as well as his results during his stay at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, are also highlighted. His findings in this period were published in prestigious Virology and Biochemistry journals and presented at national and international meetings. Thereafter, when he moved to Mount Sinai in New York, he met Prof Mariano Esteban, then working at Downstate Medical Center in New York, SUNY, and both, in collaboration with the group of Prof. Ruth Nussenzweig and Fidel Zavala at New York University, set up seminal immunological studies that are the basis for combined vaccination approaches, prime/boost and activation of CD8+ T cells, now widely used in preclinical and clinical studies. The scientific research contributions of Prof. García Sastre are growing at an exponential rate, opening new horizons in understanding the molecular biology of emerging viruses, their pathology, virus-host cell interactions and strategies of virus control.
DECLINE OF CLINICAL ART AND TECNOLOGICAL MEDICINE BOOM
Authors: Rodríguez Montes José Antonio
Published: July 2021

Currently there is a consensus that the clinical art have been greatly deteriorating during the past 50 years. This problem has raised worldwide attention through as increase in publications, courses, symposia and congress. The erosion of bedside teaching and the consequent decline of clinical skills, notably wrongfull and inadequate use of new technologies. At as result, it becomes difficult if not impossible obtain an appropiate collection of the synptoms sufferick for the sick. Together with the medical history, the physical examination is mandatory for the correct diagnosis and developing the treatment plan.
In this paper, the decline of clinical art is exposed and how this ancient heritage of medical practice can be recovered.
CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING INCREMENTAL DRUG INNOVATION
Authors: Esteva Salà Emili
Published: July 2021

The concept of incremental innovation encompasses adaptations resulting from the analysis of the use of existing medicinal products, in order to incorporate a modification or propose a new use designed to benefit patients. It can be classified into 6 different categories, depending on the nature or objective of the innovation carried out.
Incremental innovation can be very interesting for health professionals because these variations provide improvements in treatment, in the continuation of treatments, in the reduction of adverse effects or in adherence.
Incremental innovation is also very well received from the patient’s perspective, since it facilitates treatment and in many cases opens up a therapeutic expectation for certain subgroups that did not exist before the medicinal product was marketed.
It is also interesting for the National Health System, since certain patients treated with incremental innovations obtain better health results and require less frequent use of other health services.
From an economic perspective, many pharmaceutical companies established in our country and relevant from a strategic point of view, could also improve the therapeutic arsenal with this type of innovations by providing products of therapeutic interest that, unfortunately, do not currently have the ideal conditions for viability.
For all these reasons, the promulgation of a Spanish regulation that protects and provides legal certainty to the marketing authorization holders of this type of innovations seems necessary. This future regulation should include a procedure to qualify incremental innovations of interest to the National Health System and have economic effects to guarantee their effective commercialization.
DEMOGRAPHIC BONUS ANALYSIS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH OF EAST JAVA
Authors: Amirusholihin  , Listiono
Published: July 2021

BKKBN predicts that Indonesia will get demographic bonus in 2020 until 2030. The question is whether the demographic bonus has a positive impact on the economy of East Java or even a negative impact. Based on data from BPS, by 2015 the workingage population in East Java is around 69.4 percent of the total population, while the child and old-age is 30.6 percent. The size of the working-age population is closely related to the amount of labor, which also greatly determines the amount of output on goods and services produced. This paper aims to explain how the impact of demographic bonuses on East Java's regional economy, based on the Solow model extended to include demographic variables. The analysis uses a dynamic panel model by 38 districts in East Java that have demographic bonuses in 2020 with GDP as a reference in determining the growth of economists. From these analyzes it can be seen the impact of demographic bonuses in East Java as an advantage or even create new spatial inequality between regions.
DEMOGRAPHIC BONUS IN EAST JAVA: BLESSING OR DISASTER?
Authors: Iis Dwi Permatasari
Published: July 2021

Demographic bonus is a phenomenon that occurs in every developing country including Indonesia. In Indonesia this phenomenon could be backfire if thegovernment can not exploit this phenomenon with the right policy. The United Nations states that demographic bonuses in Indonesia will peak in the period of 2020-2030. This paper shows the effect of demographic bonus on Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) by using panel data. The regency/municipality being the sample in this research is Surabaya. Banyuwangi, Tuban, Probolinggo, Blitar, Lamongan with vulnerable time from 2010-2015. The method used in this research is by using Panel Error Correction (PEC), Vector Autoregressive (VAR) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). The results of this study indicate that in the short and long run demographic bonus have a significant effect on East Java GRDP. Furthemore, the policy on demographic bonus is not optimal in supporting the increase of East Java GRDP. Finally, calculations using ARIMA indicate a decrease in GRDP in the next few years.
THE ROLE OF THE TOURISM SECTOR ON THE ECONOMY OF EAST JAVA: INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS
Authors: Eka Andri Kurniawan
Published: July 2021

Indonesia is a country that regulates the authority of regional government. Local governments are given the freedom to regulate their own regions with regionalautonomy to explore the potential of each region. Thus, development must determine the priority of the potential of one of the tourism sector. For examplecultural tours, history, nature or artificial, religious. Tourism is a large and growing industry. The development of tourism is very influential and influenced by other sectors because tourism is a mulitectorectoral that has links with other sectors. East Java province is renowned for its tourism potential, many historical attractions, for recreation, education and more. The development and change of the tourism sector cannot be separated from the interrelationship with other sectors of the economy, and vice versa. The occurrence of changes in one sector of the economy, will also affect the tourism sector. The inter-sectoral linkages in the economy can be seen in Input-Output Analysis. Input-Output Analysis is an analysis of the region's economy comprehensively as it sees the inter-sectoral linkages of the economy in the region as a whole. This study aims to find out how the role of the tourism sector in the formation of output, gross added value, demand between and end of East Java Province, how much is related to other sectors, the economic impacts of economic growth, income and employment are viewed based on Multiplier effects on output, income and labor. The data collected in this study is secondary data Table InputOutput East Java Province. Analyzer uses APLIKASI I-O PAU UGM 2000 and Microsoft Excel. The result, it is expected that the tourism sector has an important role in the formation of GDP, labor, demand between and the end of demand, as well as direct output linkage forward.
PERKEMBANGAN EKONOMI, INFLASI, DAN STABILITAS SISTEM KEUANGAN PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR SEMESTER II – 2017
Authors: Tim Penulis Laporan
Published: July 2021

Perekonomian Jawa Timur pada semester II 2017 menguat dibandingan semester sebelumnya, diiringi dengan tekanan inflasi Indeks Harga Konsumen (IHK) yang lebih rendah dan stabilitas sistem keuangan daerah masih terjaga. Akselerasi ekonomi Jawa Timur pada semester II 2017 terutama disebabkan oleh perbaikan kinerja eksternal dan peningkatan investasi. Dari sisi inflasi, berakhirnya penyesuaian tarif listrik dengan daya 900VA menopang rendahnya tekanan inflasi IHK (yoy) Jawa Timur dibandingkan paruh pertama 2017. Lebih lanjut, terjaganya stabilitas sistem keuangan Jawa Timur tercermin dari terkendalinya NPLperbankan dan terjaganya rasio keuangan korporasi.

Akselerasi kinerja perekonomian Jawa Timur yang lebih tinggi tertahan oleh perlambatan kinerja konsumsi swasta dan peningkatan impor luar negeri. Pada Semester I 2018, kinerja ekonomi Jawa Timur diperkirakan tetap tumbuh tinggi sebagaimana pertumbuhannya pada paruh kedua 2017. Optimisme tersebut ditopang oleh potensi peningkatan konsumsi swasta dan pemerintah sejalan dengan berlangsungnya Ramadhan, Idul Fitri, dan Pemilihan Kepala Daerah (Pilkada). Inflasi IHK Jawa Timur diperkirakan kembali pada sasaran inflasi 3,5%±1% seiring meredanya tekanan inflasi di kelompok administered prices, terjaganya inflasi inti, dan rendahnya potensi peningkatan tekanan inflasi kelompok volatile food. Lebih lanjut, sejalan dengan nasional, stabilitas sistem keuangan dan kinerja perbankan Jawa Timur diperkirakan masih stabil pada paruh pertama 2018.
POSYANDU DIGITAL DALAM MENGATASI ISU STUNTING DI RW 06 CIKUTRA
Authors: Sabar Muhamad , Naseer Muchammad , Ismail Kristian
Published: July 2021

Pelayanan dengan menggunakan kertas dan berbasis elektornik memang memiliki dampak yang berbeda, selain memberikan kemudahan dan kecepatan, layanan dengan elektornik lebih digemari oleh generasi saat ini[1],[2],[3]. Di RW 06 Cikutra kota Bandung, peneliti dengan paltform Google Sites, membuat website RW yang mengakomodir layanan warga, antara lain administrasi, posyandu, siskamling, hingga IKM[4],[5],[6]. Khusus pada layanan posyandu, tercantum info ketahanan pangan yang bisa membantu masyarakat dalam mencegah isu stunting[7],[8],[9],[10]. Selain memberikan informasi seputar kegiatan posyandu, feature ini juga bisa menampilkan data pangan yang dihasilkan oleh warga RW 06 Cikutra. Selain itu website ini menjadi informasi perihal kekuatan dan kekurangan pangan bagi warga agar bisa saling berbagi. Kendala yang dihadapi saat melakukan uji coba dan penerapan sistem keterbatasan layanan dari Google Sites karena bersifat free, serta warga yang belum terbiasa dengan penggunaan fasilitas elektonik[1],[2],[3].
O descarte de embalagens de delivery em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Teixeira Kassia Lopes , Mourão Francianne Vieira
Published: July 2021

A rápida disseminação do Covid-19 pelo mundo, promoveu inúmeras modificações nos padrões de consumo e refletiu diretamente na produção e posteriormente no descarte substancial de diversos produtos, como por exemplo recipientes plásticos para comidas e bebidas, talheres, sacos plásticos, máscaras faciais e luvas. Com isso, o objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar as embalagens de entregas de delivery; identificar as conformidades e não conformidades do gerenciamento dos RSS de entregas de delivery frente às normas aplicáveis. A pesquisa foi realizada com o uso da abordagem quantitativa, pois buscou-se validar as hipóteses, através da análise de dados estatísticos coletados. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa está dividido em 3 etapas: Aplicação dos instrumentos para a coleta de dados. Tabulação dos dados e análise estatística descritiva, avaliando as frequências absoluta, relativa e percentual; Avaliação da conformidade do gerenciamento de RS com as determinações legais; mostrar o cenário do descarte de embalagens de delivery em tempos de pandemia. Os resultados obtidos, demonstraram que 71,6% dos entrevistados passou a pedir comida por meio do serviço de delivery e 80,4% afirmou que embalagens plásticas e de isopor são as que mais costumam vir embalando os alimentos, além disso, 88.2% dos entrevistados responderam que descartam as embalagens na lixeira. Logo, são necessárias posturas mais responsáveis quanto a cultura do consumismo e principalmente ao descarte pós-uso, já que, sem a devida contribuição do cidadão, não há como comemorar avanços.
The use of public service advertising for solving social problems
Authors: A. Zaitseva Irina , Krikunov Alexander , Tolochko Aleksandr V.
Published: July 2021

Modern society, whose typical features, among other characteristics, are the growth and development of the advertising industry, is more and more interested in public service advertising whose goal is to draw the attention of a wider audience to social problems. The result of public service advertising is the formation of certain moral and value attitudes. Advertising influences the consciousness of people by promoting a certain attitude to life and ensuring the relevance of moral and social values, as well as an active socio-political position. In general, public service advertising is regarded as a means of regulating social processes. Avoiding the extremes of coercion and indifference, public service advertising makes the individual focused on the problems that should be addressed. The research goal is to analyze the experience accumulated by government bodies regarding the use of public service advertising for solving social problems. Methodology. The study was conducted in 2019-2020 at Yelets State Ivan Bunin University (Lipetsk Region). The subject matter of the research was the population of the Lipetsk region (n=1200). The scope of the study was the use of public service advertising in the government activities and the attitude of the population to public service advertising. Results and their analysis. As an instrument of influence on public consciousness and a factor in the formation of certain behavioral models, public service advertising implies interaction among society, public organizations, business, and government bodies. It is a method of targeted impact on society aimed at solving social problems. The development of public service advertising is driven by the changing attitude to social problems, both by government bodies and people, most of whom consider public service advertising to be an effective tool for raising social problems and improving social behavior. Health and family remain important themes of public service advertising. By drawing attention to social phenomena and problems, public service advertising promotes humanity, law, and care in society. Focus on public order, protection of public and personal interests and civil rights increases legal awareness in society. There is still public demand for public service advertising that stimulates people’s interest in certain projects, programs, organizations, usually non-profit. Event advertising successfully informs the audience about upcoming festive events, historical dates, and strengthens common social memory. Public service advertising does not contradict basic social attitudes, and its study is useful for understanding and interpreting public consciousness.
Ecocídio nos Cerrados: agronegócio, espoliação das águas e contaminação por agrotóxicos
Authors: Egger Daniela Da Silva , Rigotto Raquel Maria , Lima Francco Antonio Neri de Souza e , Costa André Monteiro , Aguiar Ada Cristina Pontes
Published: July 2021

Com 65 milhões de anos, os Cerrados constituem-se de intensa biodiversidade, que tem relação com sua abundância em águas e a dinâmica do ciclo hidrológico, perenizando rios de seis das oito regiões hidrográficas do país e transbordando suas águas para outros países do subcontinente americano. O bioma abriga diversos povos e comunidades tradicionais que constituíram modos de vida e saberes ancestrais. Nas últimas décadas, o Estado vem implementando nesse território políticas de desenvolvimento subordinadas ao neoextrativismo e à acumulação por espoliação de grandes corporações. Assim, os Cerrados têm sido invadidos pela expansão do agronegócio, que resultam em intensa conflitividade no bioma, além de tentar exterminar os modos de vida dos diferentes povos. Foram reunidas informações e análises para caracterizar o Ecocídio dos Cerrados, onde mais de 110 milhões de hectares do bioma estão ocupados pelo agronegócio – com área plantada para produzir 75% das commodities soja-cana-milho-algodão cultivadas no Brasil e as áreas de pastagem destinadas à produção de carne bovina. Isso implica na destruição de 52% da vegetação nativa e no consumo de 91,8% das águas superficiais e subterrâneas usadas na irrigação por pivôs centrais, resultando na migração de nascentes, na interrupção dos fluxos dos rios e na redução dos volumes dos aquíferos, como se aprofunda na análise dos conflitos em curso no oeste da Bahia e na bacia dos rios Formoso e Javaés/TO. A isso, somam-se os impactos do uso intensivo de agrotóxicos sobre todas as formas de vida – são mais de 600 milhões de litros de venenos anualmente, concentrando 73,5% do total de agrotóxicos consumidos no país em 2018, sobre a saúde humana resulta em taxas de intoxicação exógena e câncer infanto-juvenil nos Cerrados maiores que as médias nacionais. Os Cerrados caracterizam-se como zona de sacrifício do desenvolvimento brasileiro, em que natureza e povos são saqueados para garantir a acumulação de poucos, num processo de Ecocídio que é o produto moderno-colonial racista no bioma.
Apontamentos gerais sobre agronegócio e sindemia no Brasil
Authors: Melgarejo Leonardo , Leite Acácio Zuniga
Published: July 2021

O artigo contém uma reflexão exploratória sobre as contradições do modelo agroquímico no contexto atual das políticas de desenvolvimento rural no Brasil. Abordamos a teia de inter-relações envolvendo a proliferação de cultivos transgênicos, a flexibilização dos arranjos institucionais que limitam e controlam o uso de agrotóxicos, a expansão em ritmo acelerado dos desmatamentos e os atentados cada vez mais frequentes aos direitos fundamentais das populações tradicionais. Além disso, os impactos atuais e potenciais gerados por um novo ciclo de zoonoses com perfil sindêmico, ameaçando ao mesmo tempo a soberania nacional, os direitos humanos e a utilização prudente e equitativa do patrimônio natural e cultural do povo brasileiro, são ressaltados. Por fim, propomos uma nova maneira de pensar e gerir sistemas agroalimentares num cenário de agravamento acelerado da crise socioecológica global.
A contaminação agroquímica no Brasil vista como crime de ecocídio. Por uma abordagem ecocêntrica na regulação de agrotóxicos
Authors: Souza Rafael Speck de , Barbieri Isabele Bruna , Adriano Mexiana Zabott
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo parte de um conjunto de evidências recentes que comprovam o agravamento acelerado da crise socioecológica global no contexto do debate ecopolítico em curso sobre o Antropoceno. Levando em conta a gravidade dos impactos socioecológicos do agronegócio, examina de forma exploratória as contradições e os impasses verificados na dinâmica de regulação de agrotóxicos no Brasil. Mais precisamente, com base numa pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, o artigo focaliza as circunstâncias que têm condicionado o uso e a comercialização de substâncias tóxicas que já foram banidas em seus próprios países de origem, visando assim apontar a existência de um duplo padrão normativo no contexto brasileiro. Nesse sentido, o processo de reavaliação toxicológica do pesticida Paraquate é analisado como exemplo emblemático de um modelo de produção de commodities dependente do uso massivo de agrotóxicos e associado à reprimarização das economias do Sul Global. Além disso, a linha de argumentação leva em conta uma avaliação do potencial transformador embutido na noção emergente de crime de ecocídio no âmbito do Direito Penal Internacional. Para tanto, são apontadas algumas referências de pesquisas recentes que mobilizam os enfoques de ecocentrismo, justiça ecológica e nova ordem ecojurídica.
Porque a Amazônia Brasileira está em chamas
Authors: Hecht Susanna
Published: July 2021

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Characterization of wood popularly known as “Louros” in the Brazilian amazon by visible spectroscopy and CIELAB parameters
Authors: Santos Joielan-Xipaia , Vieira Helena-Cristina , Souza Deivison-Venicio , Costa Paulo-Afonso Bracarense , Muñiz Graciela-Inés Bolzon , Sofatti Patrícia , Nisgoski Silvana
Published: July 2021

Aim of study: The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of colorimetry to discriminate wood from the “louros” group, in particular to contribute to a database of Brazilian native species for future application in logging control actions.Area of study: The wooden discs were collected in a Sustainable Forest Management Area (AMFS) belonging to two extractivist communities, Paraiso and Arimum, both in the “Green Forever” Extractivist Reserve, in the municipality of Porto de Moz, Pará state, Brazil.Material and methods: Colorimetric evaluation was carried out based on data from the CIEL*a*b* system, analyzed using PCA and ANOVA in a completely randomized design in a two-factor scheme.Main results: PCA produced some evidence of color patterns and some parameters may be more useful in caracterization. Longitudinal surfaces were more indicated for this group caracterization. The data from CIEL*a*b* system produce helpful information for distinction of wood from “louros” group, and so, the colorimetric technique can be an auxiliary tool for separation of this group, complementary to other techniques as wood anatomy.Research highlights: Correct discrimination of wood from “louros” group in commerce control; Brazilian native species.Keywords: Species distinction; Lauraceae; Proteaceae; color parameters.Abbreviations used: Comission International de L’Eclairage: CIE, Sustainable Forest Management Area: AMFS, Ministry of the Environment: MMA, Chico Mendes Institute: ICMBio, Authorization and Biodiversity Information System: SISBIO, National System for Genetic Heritage Management: SisGen, Analysis of variance: ANOVA, Principal Component Analysis: PCA, Aniba sp.: PR, Euplassa sp.: LB, Roupala sp.: LV, Ocotea sp.: LR, Ocotea sp.: LPI, Mezilaurus sp.: IT, Mezilaurus sp.: ITA.
Short communication: A predictive model for the time course of seedling emergence of Phalaris brachystachys (short-spiked canary grass) in wheat fields
Authors: Bastida Fernando , Lezaun Juan A. , Gonzalez-Andujar Jose L.
Published: July 2021

Aim of study: A predictive model of the seedling emergence pattern of Phalaris brachystachys Link (short-spiked canary grass) was developed, aimed to contribute to support a more efficient management of this troublesome, competitive weed in winter cereal crops around its native Mediterranean range and in different areas of the world where it is introduced.Area of study: Southern (Andalusia) and northern Spain (Navarra).Material and methods: A model describing the emergence pattern of P. brachystachys in cereal fields based on accumulation of hydrothermal time in soil was developed and validated. For model development, cumulative emergence data were obtained in an experimental field, while an independent validation of the model was conducted with data collected in two commercial wheat fields from climatically contrasting regions of Spain.Main results: The relationship between cumulative emergence and cumulative hydrothermal time (CHT) was well described by a Logistic model. According to model predictions, 50% and 95% seedling emergence takes place at 108 and 160 CHT above base water potential for seed germination, respectively. The model accurately predicted the seedling emergence time course of P. brachystachys in the two commercial wheat fields (R2 ≥ 0.92).Research highlights: This model is a new tool that may be useful to improve the timing of control measures to maximize efficiency in reducing P. brachystachys infestations in cereal crops.Phalaris brachystachys Link (short-spiked canary grass) is a competitive weed that affects winter cereal crops around its native Mediterranean basin and in different areas of the world where it is introduced. The development of a predictive model of the seedling emergence pattern may contribute to support a more efficient management of this species. In this work, a model describing the emergence time course of P. brachystachys in cereal fields based on accumulation of hydrothermal time in soil was developed and validated. For model development, cumulative emergence data were obtained in an experimental field, while an independent validation of the model was conducted with data collected in two commercial wheat fields from climatically contrasting regions of Spain. The relationship between cumulative emergence and cumulative hydrothermal time (ΘCHTT) was well described by a Logistic model. According to model predictions, 50% and 95% seedling emergence takes place at 108 and 160 ΘCHTT above base water potential for seed germination, respectively. The model accurately predicted the seedling emergence time course of P. brachystachys in the two commercial wheat fields (R2 ≥ 0.92).Research highlights: This model is a new tool that may be useful for fine-tuning the timing of control measures to maximize efficiency in reducing P. brachystachys infestations in cereal crops.
How has the COVID-19 Epidemic Changed Drug Use and the Drug Market in Slovenia?
Authors: Sande Matej , Šabić Simona , Paš Mina , Verdenik Marko
Published: July 2021

The purpose of our study was to explore the effect of the COVID-19 epidemic on drug use, the drug market and the availability of help and support in Slovenia. Through an online questionnaire, we collected a non-representative sample of 680 people who used drugs before and during the epidemic in 2020. The results showed the use of illicit drugs and alcohol has reduced. A significant increase in the frequency of use has only been detected in marijuana. The most prominent changes in the drug market were the reduced number of drug dealers and lower availability of certain drugs. Accessibility to drug services has been reduced and respondents also had significant financial consequences due to loss of work. Due to decreased availability of sources of support at the time of the epidemic, adjustments to services for drug users are necessary before the end of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of promoting online interventions and maintaining contact with users when the services are not physically accessible.
Cardiopulmonary exercise tests of adolescent elite sport climbers – a comparison of the German junior national team in sport climbing and Nordic skiing
Authors: Schöffl Isabelle , Wüstenfeld Jan , Jones Gareth , Dittrich Sven , Lutter Chris , Schöffl Volker
Published: July 2021

Introduction: All the research investigating the cardiopulmonary capacity in climbers is focused on predictors for climbing performance. The effects of climbing on the cardiovascular system in adolescents climbing at an elite level (national team) have not been evaluated.Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) performed on a cycle ergometer during the annual medical examination of the entire German Junior National climbing team on one occasion and for a selected subgroup on two occasions spaced two years apart. The data from the subgroup was compared to an age- and gender-matched control of Nordic skiers from the German Junior National Nordic skiing team. Results: 47 climbers (20 girls, 27 boys) were examined once. The VO2peak achieved by the athletes was 41.3 mL kg−1 min−1 (boys) and 39.8 mL kg−1min−1 (girls). 8 boys and 6 girls were tested twice over a period of 27.5 months. The parameters of the exercise test measured on both occasions were significantly lower than those of the 8 male and 6 female Nordic skiers. There was no change with respect to any variables (e.g. VO2peak, peak work load, peak heart rate, peak lactate or O2 pulse) over the examined period. Conclusions: The elite climbers investigated in this study showed comparable VO2peak values to athletes from team and combat sports. The Nordic skiers to which they were compared showed significantly higher values consistant with the fact that this is an endurance sport. Even though the cardiopulmonary measurements of the Nordic skiers still improved after two years of training, no adaptations could be observed in the elite climbers.
Analizy bezpieczeństwa konstrukcji budowlanych ulegających degradacji na podłożach górniczych. Część 2. Obliczenia numeryczne
Authors: Fedorowicz Lidia , Fedorowicz Jan
Published: July 2021

Wobec założeń upraszczających stosowanych w tradycyjnych metodach oceny bezpieczeństwa konstrukcji na podłożach ulegających deformacjom górniczym wielokrotnie podejmowano próby pełniejszego sformułowania rozważanego zagadnienia brzegowego. Uzyskany rozwój w tej dziedzinie jest wynikiem badań nad reologią zjawiska deformacji poeksploatacyjnych oraz prac dotyczących rozbudowy modeli opisujących zachowanie deformującego się podłoża gruntowego oraz współpracującej z nim budowli.
W artykule przedstawiono współczesne tendencje rozwoju numerycznego modelowania zagadnień brzegowych budowla–podłoże górnicze z odniesieniem do doświadczeń własnych autorów oraz przeprowadzonych analiz obliczeniowych wykorzystujących w opisie zaawansowane związki konstytutywne. Pokazano, w jaki sposób jakość i dokładność analiz obliczeniowych związana jest z budową geometryczną modelu MES oraz sprzęgnięta z wymogami parametrycznymi stosowanych modeli konstytutywnych.
Wpływ Ogólnych Planów Zagospodarowania Przestrzennego miasta Krakowa obowiązujących w latach 1967–2003 na zagospodarowanie przestrzeni Kurdwanowa
Authors: Woźniczka Magdalena
Published: July 2021

Celem zaprezentowanych w artykule badań jest określenie wpływu Ogólnych Planów Zagospodarowania Przestrzennego (OPZP) miasta Krakowa na obszar Kurdwanowa. Zasadniczą metodą badań była analiza OPZP uchwalonych w latach 1967–1994 oraz zdjęć lotniczych i ortofotomap. W rezultacie przeprowadzonej analizy opracowano schematy graficzne zagospodarowania przestrzeni (wg OPZP i zagospodarowania rzeczywistego) oraz zestawienia tabelaryczne. W tabelach zostały przedstawione wybrane funkcje obszarów (wg OPZP i stanu rzeczywistego) ze wskazaniem powierzchni oraz udziału procentowego w ogólnej powierzchni Kurdwanowa,
a także stan realizacji założeń OPZP. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań wykazano, że zagospodarowanie przestrzeni Kurdwanowa zostało ukształtowane na bazie ustaleń OPZP.
Comparing Digital vs Paper Decision Aids about the Use of Antipsychotic Medication: Client, Clinician, Caregiver and Administrator Perspectives
Authors: Zisman-Ilani Yaara , Gorbenko Ksenia O , Shern David , Elwyn Glyn
Published: July 2021

Objective: Decision Aids (DAs) help patients participate in medical decisions. DAs can be in paper or digital format, but little is known about the readiness of people with psychosis to use digital technologies for decision-making in psychiatry. We evaluated attitudes and readiness for digital DAs among four stakeholder groups: people with psychosis, clinicians, caregivers, and administrators.Methods: Semi-structured interviews included 19 respondents: six people with a history of psychosis (clients), six clinicians, five caregivers, and two administrators. We recorded, transcribed, and coded interviews for themes using a qualitative inductive analytic process.Results: Our analysis revealed three key themes addressing readiness for involvement in an interactive digital decision-making: (1) preferences for paper DAs; (2) disadvantages of digital DAs (lack of computer skills, lack of access to digital devices, compounded by clients’ age and socioeconomic status); (3) advantages of digital DAs (accessibility to illiterate people or those with disabilities, decrease in cognitive burden).Conclusions: Our study suggests that the introduction of digital DAs into psychiatric medication consultations could be potentially well received. Appropriate training and access to digital devices may facilitate the adoption of digital DAs in mental health care.
Title: Caring Conversation Framework to promote person centred care: synthesising qualitative findings from a multi- phase programme of research
Authors: Dewar Belinda
Published: July 2021

Background Little is known about how to support practitioners to enhance their interpersonal conversations to be more compassionate, person centred and relational with others. The Caring Conversations (CC) framework was empirically derived to address this issue and comprises seven attributes (be courageous, connect emotionally, be curious, consider other perspectives, collaborate, compromise and celebrate).ObjectiveThis paper synthesises the qualitative findings from a multi-phase programme of research, which implemented the CC framework across a variety of health and social care settings (acute hospitals, community, and residential care). It explores the perceived impact of the CC framework on staff and their practice.MethodsSecondary analysis was conducted on the qualitative findings in the final reports of 5 studies, involved in the implementation of the CC framework.ResultsThe analysis showed consistent positive outcomes for staff in their interactions with patients, families and others; including greater self-awareness during interactions, development of stronger relationships, and more open dialogue that supports relational practice.  The secondary analysis confirmed the applicability of the framework across a number of different settings, strengthened confidence in its value, generated fresh insights to inform further research, and developed a deeper insight into the attributes of the framework and its application.ConclusionsPolicy and research advocate compassionate care and relational practice, but do not state how this can be delivered in practice.  By synthesising the findings from 5 studies undertaken in a variety of different settings, we can be more confident in the value of the CC framework to ensure best practice.
Advancing People-Centered Maternal and Newborn Health Care through Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Mazumder Tapas , Rahman Ahmed Ehsanur , Hoque Emdadul , Mahmud Md. Al , Siddique Md. Abu Bakkar , Rahman Md. Mohsiur , Capello Cecilia , Arifeen Shams El , Santarelli Carlo , Perkins Janet
Published: July 2021

Background: In Bangladesh, women and newborns continue to face elevated risks around the time of pregnancy, birth and postpartum. Applying a people-centered approach to maternal and newborn (MNH) services is a priority in such contexts to increase appropriate use of services and improve the health of women and newborns. In 2009, Enfants du Monde and PARI Development Trust began supporting the Ministry of Health at local level to implement birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) for improving MNH in Netrokona district, Bangladesh. Objective: To assess the contribution of the BPCR intervention in advancing people-centered MNH care in Netrokona district, Bangladesh. Methods:We conducted 15 in-depth interviews (IDIs), one focus group discussion (FGD) and four group discussions with different stakeholders. In addition, a household survey was conducted with 725 women (intervention n=444, control n=281) and 317 of their husbands (intervention n=178, control n=139) at baseline and with 737 women (intervention n=442, control n=295) and 732 husbands at endline.Results: The BPCR intervention was co-designed through a consultative process with national and local stakeholders, ensuring the reflection of local context. Training health care providers to improve their counseling skills allowed them to apply effective BPCR counseling during ANC visits and be responsive to women’s situations and individual needs. In addition, discussion on BPCR in households and courtyard meetings provoked families’ and communities’ engagement in MNH. Consequently. there was significant increase across most indicators related to BPCR practice among women and husbands’ involvement between baseline and endline.Discussion: The BPCR intervention was successful in advancing people-centered MNH care by empowering women and increasing the engagement of men, families and communities in MNH care. Our study findings are coherent with the findings of studies conducted in similar settings. Conclusions: Carefully co-designed BPCR interventions should be further expanded within Bangladesh and beyond in order to advance people-centered care and progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
WELL-BEING: CONCEPTUAL AND MEDICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Lolas Fernando
Published: July 2021

Objectives: To present a conceptual and medical perspective on studies on wellbeing

and its determinants.

Method: The notion of well-being as a transient state and as a stable trait is

considered conceptually.

Results and Discussion: This consideration uncovers several linguistic dimensions

relevant to well-being: subjectivity, multidimensionality, dynamism, contextdependency,

complexity. These are related to the notions of health and quality of

life, discussing the narrative dimensions of personal experience and the need to

consider the psychophysiological triad composed of behavior, mentation, and

physiology in the evaluation.

Conclusion: The humanistic dimension of well-being and its determinants should

be considered as a precondition for an attempt at a biopsychosocial/integrative

approach. The methodical approach represented by overt language behavior is

emphasized as important.
Abordagem em Níveis para Avaliação e Melhoria de Processos de Software
Authors: Campos Fábio B. , Albuquerque Adriano B. , Andrade Jeann M. , Silva Filho Reinaldo C. , Rocha Ana Regina C.
Published: July 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem para avaliação e melhoria de processos de software que trata a questão em três níveis: o nível dos projetos, o da organização, e um externo às organizações. No primeiro nível são feitas avaliações dos processos nos projetos em execução, identificando os pontos fracos dos processos em cada projeto. No segundo nível são utilizados os dados das avaliações de vários projetos da organização para uma análise dos principais problemas dos processos. No último nível são analisados os dados provenientes de várias organizações, com a identificação de padrões de problemas e sucessos, resultando em melhorias nos ativos de processos e nas ferramentas do ambiente.
Definição de um Processo Padrão para Software Livre
Authors: Silva Bruno Carreira Coutinho , Falbo Ricardo de Almeida
Published: July 2021

O movimento de Software Livre vem ganhando cada vez mais espaço no mercado, sendo que atualmente já existem milhares de projetos desse tipo em andamento no mundo inteiro. Esse novo modelo de desenvolvimento de software traz consigo uma nova filosofia, afetando muitos dos atuais princípios da indústria de software. Apesar de sua importância e crescimento, na maioria das vezes, seu desenvolvimento não vem sendo feito segundo as melhores práticas da Engenharia de Software, incluindo nesse cenário a não utilização de processos de software bem definidos. Neste trabalho, é discutida a iniciativa de se definir um processo padrão para projetos de software livre desenvolvidos no LabES/UFES. O objetivo inicial da definição desse processo é aplicá-lo no projeto do ambiente de desenvolvimento de software ODE.
Uma Abordagem de Apoio à Solução Técnica em Ambientes de Desenvolvimento de Software Orientados à Organização
Authors: Figueiredo Sávio , Rocha Ana Regina , Santos Gleison , Montoni Mariano
Published: July 2021

Os produtos de software estão se tornando cada vez maiores e mais complexos. Além disso, o número de projetos de software que não conseguem ser terminados dentro dos prazos e custos estabelecidos e que não implementam um produto que satisfaça às necessidades do cliente também cresce. Neste contexto, se situam as pesquisas com foco em processos de software, pois se percebeu que a qualidade do produto a ser desenvolvido está fortemente relacionada com a qualidade do processo utilizado para desenvolvê-lo. Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem de apoio ao processo de Solução Técnica, que é executado durante o desenvolvimento de software.
Implantação de Melhoria de Processo de Software no Tribunal Superior Eleitoral
Authors: Macedo Cybele Caldeira , De Lima Sandra Helena Camargo , Rocha Ana Regina , Natali Ana Cândida , de Oliveira Káthia Marçal , Mian Paula , Barreto Andrea , Barreto Ahilton , Santos Gleison , Conte Tayana
Published: July 2021

Melhoria de processo de software tem sido uma meta constante das instituições em busca da melhor qualidade dos produtos gerados e do reconhecimento do mercado vindo de avaliações oficiais de órgãos internacionais. Ciente dessa realidade, a Coordenadoria de Sistemas Eleitorais do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral percebeu a necessidade de implantar procedimentos para melhoria dos seus processos de desenvolvimento em busca de uma padronização nas diferentes unidades de desenvolvimento de sistemas eleitorais. Este artigo apresenta um relato de experiência sobre implantação desse programa de melhoria de processo que culminou na avaliação nível 2 do modelo de maturidade e capacidade CMMI após pouco mais de seis meses de trabalho.
Pontos de Caso de Uso Técnicos (TUCP): uma Extensão da Técnica UCP
Authors: Monteiro Tatiana Cavalcanti , Belchior Arnaldo Dias
Published: July 2021

A engenharia de software recomenda a implantação de atividades de estimativas de tamanho, esforço, prazo e custo, como formas de melhorar o planejamento e o acompanhamento de projetos de software. Apesar de haver várias técnicas de estimativas, a utilização das mesmas em empresas de software ainda não é uma prática tão comum. A técnica UCP (Pontos por Caso de Uso), por exemplo, é aderente a produtos de software orientados a objetos e baseados em casos de uso. No entanto, têm-se encontrado algumas situações, onde há dificuldades de se obter resultados plenamente satisfatórios ao se utilizar a UCP. Este trabalho apresenta uma extensão da técnica UCP – a TUCP – buscando-se um cálculo mais acurado para o esforço de projetos. Além disso, a TUCP permite uma visão mais detalhada de estimativas nas principais etapas do ciclo de vida do software, possibilitando a realização de refinamentos dessas estimativas para um acompanhamento mais efetivo do projeto.
Software Component Certification: A Component Quality Model
Authors: Alvaro Alexandre , Meira Silvio Lemos
Published: July 2021

Component-based software development is becoming more generalized, representing a considerable market for the software industry. However, several technical issues remain unsolved before the software components industry reaches the maturity as other software industries. Problems such as component selection and the uncertain quality of third-party developed components bring new challenges to the software engineering community. In contrast, software component certification is still immature and much research is needed in order to create well-defined standards for certification. This paper introduces a component quality model, based upon consistent and well-defined quality characteristics, and describes a formal case study that was used in order to analyze the viability of the model usage.
Web Services Quality Assurance: A XML-Based Quality Model
Authors: Dias Jr. José Jorge L. , da Cunha José Adson O. G. , Álvaro Alexandre , de Barros Roberto S. M. , Meira Silvio Romero de Lemos
Published: July 2021

The task of reusing Web services that meet quality attributes requirements is a challenging issue in service-based development approach. In such a context, a quality model can provide the means to effectively evaluation of services, enabling the certification of these services. In this sense, this paper proposes a quality model based on the ISO 9126 standard, defining a set of attributes and metrics for an effective evaluation of Web services. A XML-based representation and security schema for the model was created to support a service certification process. Moreover, a preliminary case study was elaborate in order to verify the gap between the proposed model and the available information by the Web services providers.
Apoio a Reutilização de Processos de Software através de Templates e Versões
Authors: Costa Anderson , Sales Ernani , Reis Carla A. Lima , Reis Rodrigo Quites
Published: July 2021

Este artigo apresenta a ferramenta WebAPSEE-Reuse - uma extensão do ambiente de gestão de processos de software - a qual é voltada para prover apoio automatizado à reutilização de processos de software. A extensão é baseada no conceito de templates (gabaritos) de processos, os quais têm sua evolução gerenciada em versões. O artigo apresenta ainda uma avaliação da ferramenta baseada no seu uso para especificação do modelo Rational Unified Process, além de discutir seu uso prático na customização manual de modelos.
Apoio de Gerência de Conhecimento na Engenharia de Requisitos
Authors: Nardi Julio Cesar , Falbo Ricardo de Almeida
Published: July 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem de Gerência de Conhecimento para suportar a Engenharia de Requisitos (ER) em ODE, um ambiente de desenvolvimento de software baseado em ontologia. Ontologias e padrões de análise são considerados itens de conhecimento, juntamente com lições aprendidas, pacotes de mensagens e artefatos gerados pelas ferramentas de ODE. Assim, desenvolvedores e engenheiros de requisitos podem reutilizar estes itens durante o processo de ER.