bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Sectional Survey to Evaluate Acquaintance about Dental Photography among Dental Students in Daily Clinical Practice
Authors: Abouzeid Hoda Lotfy , Chaturvedi Saurabh , Ahmed Alzahrani Fawziah , Alqahtani Naseer M. , Salim AlQarni Abdulhkeem Ali , Alaajam Wafa Hassan , Elsir Elmahdi Asim
Published: September 2020

Background

In today's world of digital dentistry, dental photography plays an important role as multilevel significance and represents the synonym of contemporary dentistry. Thus, we aimed at evaluating the acquaintance of practice, opportunity and morals of dental photography in everyday practice among undergraduate dental students.

Design and methods

The current research was an observational cross-sectional study. Total 233 students participated; each was given questionnaire consisted of three parts covering the following aspects: questions 1 to 3 on the practice of dental photography, questions 4 to 7 on morals in dental photography and question 8 to 11 on opportunities of dental photography. The answers were tabulated and statistically analysed and association with the factors were tested for significance using Chi-square tests, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The total response rate was 86%. Among the 201 respondents, 100 were males and 101 females; 96% male students were taking photographs and 93% females were taking photographs, on regular basis. Phone cameras (41.3%) were the most commonly used device followed by DSLR cameras. Surveyed students mentioned patient education (53.2%) as most needed requirement for taking photographs, followed by treatment planning (49.8%) and monitoring of the treatment outcome (34.3%). Ninety-one percent of students feel that there is an opportunity for advancement in dental photography techniques.

Conclusions

The participants aware of dental photography, but they require detail insight on proper capturing of photographs and morals, with regards to confidentiality of the patient and patient consent.
Comparison of radioiodine ablation rates between low versus high dose, and according to the surgeon's expertise in the low-risk group of differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Norouzi Ghazal , Shafiei Babak , Hadaegh Farzad , Qutbi Mohsen , Asli Isa , Jafari Esmail , Javadi Hamid , Assadi Majid
Published: September 2020

Radioiodine ablation following surgery is the accepted treatment for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Since that surgical volume and radioiodine dose can have impact on treatment outcome, we aimed to evaluate them on the treatment outcome of low-risk DTC patients. Low-risk DTC patients were classified into four groups, including (1) thyroidectomy was performed by thyroid surgeon and low-dose (1850 MBq [30 mCi]) radioiodine was administered (n = 17), (2) thyroidectomy was performed by thyroid surgeon and high-dose (3700 MBq [100 mCi]) radioiodine was administered (n = 10), (3) thyroidectomy was performed by general surgeon and low-dose radioiodine was administered (n = 22), and (4) thyroidectomy was performed by general surgeon and high-dose radioiodine was administered (n = 29). All patients were followed at least for 6 months and also for evaluation of treatment success, neck sonography, thyroid-stimulating hormone-off, thyroglobulin (Tg)-off, and anti-Tg-off tests were performed. Furthermore, two common radioiodine treatment-associated side effects, including dry mouth, and nausea/vomiting were assessed for all patients. Seventy-eight low-risk DTC patients (female: 70 [89.7%]; male: 8 [10.3%]) aged from 18 to 78 years old with mean of 41.96 ± 13.42 years were enrolled in this study. In total, the treatment was successful in 96.2% of patients. There was no significant difference in treatment success among groups (P > 0.05), while there was a significant association among administered activity and side effects. In low dose patients, only one patient complained from dry mouth; however, 11/39 patients who received high dose of iodine complained from dry mouth (P = 0.002). In addition, 9/39 high dose patients suffered from vomiting/nausea, while none of low-dose patients suffered from vomiting/nausea (P = 0.001). In low-risk DTC patients, surgical volume and amounts of radioiodine had no significant impact on treatment results; therefore, low dose radioiodine following thyroidectomy may be preferable to low-risk DTC patients to avoid side effects.
Role of 18F-FDG positron emission tomography in carotid atherosclerotic plaque imaging: A systematic review
Authors: Ravikanth Reddy
Published: September 2020

Stroke and other thromboembolic events in the brain are often due to carotid artery atherosclerosis, and atherosclerotic plaques with inflammation are considered particularly vulnerable, with an increased risk of becoming symptomatic. Positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2-[Fluorine-18] fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) provides valuable metabolic information regarding arteriosclerotic lesions and may be applied for the detection of vulnerable plaque. At present, however, patients are selected for carotid surgical intervention on the basis of the degree of stenosis alone, and not the vulnerability or inflammation of the lesion. During the past decade, research using PET with the glucose analog tracer 18F-fluor-deoxy-glucose, has been implemented for identifying increased tracer uptake in symptomatic carotid plaques, and tracer uptake has been shown to correlate with plaque inflammation and vulnerability. These findings imply that 18F-FDG PET might hold the promise for a new and better diagnostic test to identify patients eligible for carotid endarterectomy. The rationale for developing diagnostic tests based on molecular imaging with 18F-FDG PET, as well as methods for simple clinical PET approaches, are discussed. This is a systematic review, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines, which interrogated the PUBMED database from January 2001 to November 2019. The search combined the terms, “atherosclerosis,” “inflammation,” “FDG,” and “plaque imaging.” The search criteria included all types of studies, with a primary outcome of the degree of arterial vascular inflammation determined by 18F-FDG uptake. This review examines the role of 18F-FDG PET imaging in the characterization of atherosclerotic plaques.
Multicentric primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in genitourinary tract detected on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography: An uncommon presentation of a common malignancy
Authors: Patel Asra , Muthukrishnan Indirani , Kurian Ann , Amalchandra Jaykanth , Sampathirao Nikita , Simon Shelley
Published: September 2020

Primary extranodal lymphomas (ENLs) are lymphomas with no or minor nodal involvement and a dominant extranodal component originating from any organ. Primary ENL originating in the genitourinary tract is extremely rare. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent histological subtype in primary genitourinary lymphoma. Lymphomatous involvement of genitourinary system organs is common in the setting of disseminated disease. Herein, we present a unique case of primary multicentric extranodal DLBCL of the urogenital system involving ureter, seminal vesicle, and penis detected on 18fluro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography, and to the best of our knowledge, it is the first case report with multiorgan involvement within a single (urogenital) organ system in a patient without disseminated disease, i.e., with no other nodal or extranodal organ system involvement.
Diffuse pleural metastases of osteosarcoma detected by bone scan
Authors: Ribeiro André , Lima Eduardo , Lima Daniel
Published: September 2020

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a fast-growing tumor, with a high risk of local recurrence and distant metastases, with the lung and bone being the most common sites of dissemination occurring in approximately 80% of cases. Pleural metastases rarely occurs and the appearance of diffuse pleural thickening with ossification is not usual, with few such cases reported due to the current state-of-art treatment protocols. A 29-year-old woman, diagnosed with a proximal left tibial OS underwent planar and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography bone scan scintigraphy with 99mtechnetium methylene diphosphonate showing bilateral pleural uptake, corresponding to multiple calcified foci of thickening and nodules.
Determination of the optimal cut-off value of serum prostate-specific antigen in the prediction of skeletal metastases on technetium-99m whole-body bone scan by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis
Authors: Manohar P , Rather Tanveer , Khan Shoukat
Published: September 2020

Radionuclide whole-body bone scan is a useful investigation of choice to detect the skeletal metastases in prostate cancer. It is indicated in patients having elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (Sr. PSA) or patients with bone pain. Elevated Sr. PSA levels have high predictive value for skeletal metastases; however, there is no consensus regarding cut-off value of Sr. PSA above which bone scan is indicated. This study was performed to find out the accuracy of Sr. PSA test and to know the optimal cut-off value of Sr. PSA with high sensitivity and specificity in the prediction of skeletal metastases on bone scan in prostate cancer patients. A retrospective analysis of medical records of 307 prostate cancer patients referred to the department of nuclear medicine for bone scan between June 2009 and June 2014 was done. Of 307 patients, 15 cases were excluded due to nonavailability of Sr. PSA. Bone scan was performed 3 h after administration of 20 mCi Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate intravenously. Whole-body sweep imaging was performed and spot views were taken wherever required. Of 292 cases, 174 (59.58%) patients had positive bone scan for metastases and 118 (40.41%) patients had negative bone scan for metastases. Maximum and minimum Sr. PSA levels in positive and negative bone scan patients were 1260 and 0.02 ng/ml and 198.34 ng/ml and 0.01 ng/ml, respectively. On comparison of the mean Sr. PSA levels between positive and negative groups, we found significant Sr. PSA levels (P < 0.05). We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses to find out the accuracy of Sr. PSA test and to know the optimal cut-off value of Sr. PSA with maximum sensitivity and specificity in the prediction of skeletal metastases on bone scan. Area under ROC curve was 0.878 (87%). This indicates that the accuracy of Sr. PSA test in the prediction of skeletal metastases on bone scan was good. The optimal cut-off value of Sr. PSA in the prediction of positive bone scan for skeletal metastases in the management of prostate cancer was 29.16 ng/ml, with sensitivity and specificity of 89.0% and 74.6%, respectively. In this study, we conclude that the accuracy of Sr. PSA test in the prediction of skeletal metastases is good. ROC-derived optimal cut-off value of Sr. PSA for positive skeletal metastases on bone scan is >29.16 ng/ml; thus, the chances of getting positive bone scan for skeletal metastasis are less in prostate cancer patients with Sr. PSA <29.16 ng/ml. ROC-derived sensitivity and specificity of different possible cut-off points of Sr. PSA help reduce the false positive results and increase the diagnostic accuracy of bone scan in the detection of skeletal metastases in prostate cancer patients.
The hot embolus of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose
Authors: Hussain Riffat , Mahmood Tariq
Published: September 2020

Scanning oncological patients with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) for their disease staging, evaluation of treatment response, and monitoring/management has become a standard of care. The use of the radioactive fluorine in the FDG molecule helps establish cell/tissue lines high on glucose consumption and hence metabolically active. Abnormalities are detected on the scan as areas of increased uptake. However, these areas of increased (hot) uptakes do not necessarily translate into a pathological finding. A comprehensive knowledge of the uptakes of the tracer and the potential “pitfalls” that may be associated with them should be known and kept in mind during scan reading. One such pitfall is the “hot clot” or “pulmonary emboli,” and we report two such cases encountered at our setup and discuss their causes and how they should be identified and avoided.
Precision Radiotherapy: 18F-FDG PET-based radiotherapy planning in Head and Neck cancers
Authors: Subramanyam Padma , Palaniswamy Shanmuga , Numani Shah
Published: September 2020

Precision medicine is gaining importance in this era of molecular imaging where the molecular features of a disease can be noninvasively assessed and treated with personalized medicine. This is especially suited for head and neck cancers (HNCa). Early stage HNCa are ideally managed with radiotherapy (RT) or surgery. Head and neck (HN) is a complex region and its tumors respond to RT differently due to dissimilar structures and moving organs such as tongue. Radiation oncologists are always in the process of trying and investigating newer RT techniques in order to achieve precise and targetted therapy to tumour/s. One such innovation is Intensity modulated RT (IMRT) using 3 Dimensional conformal RT (3DCRT). This 3DCRT resizes the radiation beams to match the shape of the tumor. Such focused dose escalation may improve local control in HNCa. Image guided RT in conjunction with IMRT is the most advanced form of RT planning being used these days. Simulation computerized tomography (CT) images are usually incorporated into RT planning module. But limitations of CT such as poor soft tissue contrast than magnetic resonance imaging and inability to clearly define solid / cystic / necrotic areas and viable tumour exist. Functional imaging such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET) has established its superiority over CT in delineating the actual site and extent of HN tumors. A combination of IMRT with BTV (Biological Tumour Volume) may be the most ideal technique to deliver a homogeneous radiation boost to tumour. This review shall discuss PET based RT planning, challenges, practical tips, and how to optimize therapy with the least side effects to the normal surrounding tissues.
Primary pancreatic lymphoma camouflaged under the umbrella of spectrum of neuroendocrine tumors in somatostatin receptor imaging
Authors: Sampathirao Nikita , Indirani M , Shelley S
Published: September 2020

Primary pancreatic lymphomas are very rare as compared to other pancreatic neoplasms. However, unlike carcinomas, pancreatic lymphoma is treatable with satisfactory cure rates. Somatostatin receptor (SSTR) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 68Ga-DOTANOC is a well-established diagnostic modality in the management of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Over the years, it has been evident that any neoplasm with SSTR expression shows increased tracer uptake, lymphoma, being the most prominent one. Herein, we report a case of pancreatic mass, suggested as NET on fine-needle aspiration cytology referred to us for staging. Whole-body 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT scan showed a large pancreatic mass with peripancreatic nodes, level I cervical nodes, cardiac, and left testicular masses which were initially thought to be possibly metastatic from pancreatic NET. However, immunohistochemistry (IHC) of the specimen was suggestive of B-cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. The present case emphasizes that pancreatic lymphoma is one of the potential differentials for pancreatic masses apart from NET on SSTR imaging. Noteworthy is the fact, that IHC plays a poignant role in the evaluation and is a mandatory tool for the management of tumors. Moreover, the whole imaging picture and clinical scenario ought to be given utmost importance for giving an affirmative diagnosis on imaging. SSTR expression in lymphomas may further obviate a remote fact that peptide receptor radionuclide therapy can be considered as an end of the line treatment for refractory lymphomas.
Different Approaches to Chinese Aesthetics
Authors: Sernelj Téa
Published: September 2020

The article introduces Fang Dongmei’s and Xu Fuguan’s ideas about aesthetics and examines their different methodological approaches. Fang Dongmei and Xu Fuguan are both representatives of the second generation of Modern Taiwanese Confucianism. The fundamental goal of this significant movement is to re-evaluate and re-examine the profound contents of Chinese thought in contemporary socio-political conditions through a dialogue with Western philosophy. The representatives of Modern Confucianism of the 20th century hoped that the encounter with the Western intellectual tradition would serve as a platform for modernization of Chinese culture on the one hand, and as a way to achieve the recognition of the West for the profound value of the Chinese intellectual tradition on the other. Fang Dongmei was one of the first representatives of this movement who was trained in Western and Chinese philosophy, and hence built his own philosophical theory on the encounter of both, while Xu Fuguan was one of the first who engaged in a dialogue with the West in the field of Chinese aesthetics. The present article illuminates the profound differences in their basic methods: while Fang Dongmei’s elaboration upon Chinese art and aesthetics is based on philosophical and poetic approaches, Xu Fuguan’s comprehension is grounded on philological, historical and cultural analyses. The author argues that such mutual differences between their ideas show their reciprocal complementarity, which in turn provides a more profound and clear understanding of the specific spirit of Chinese art.
Qinghua School of Logic and the Origins of Taiwanese Studies in Modern Logic
Authors: Vrhovski Jan
Published: September 2020

The article investigates the early thought of Mou Zongsan and Yin Haiguang, two important founding fathers of Taiwanese philosophy, who contributed significantly to its formation as an academic discipline in the two decades following 1949. The article reveals how their ideas related to modern logic originated from the so-called “Qinghua School of (Mathematical) Logic”. Herewith, the article tries to provide a platform that can be used to answer the questions of continuity and succession between the studies of modern logic as conducted at the most progressive (modernised) universities in late Republican China (especially Qinghua University) on the one side, and the formation and development of studies in logic in post-1949 Taiwan, on the other.
The Heritage of Taixu
Authors: Dessein Bart
Published: September 2020

Much scholarly attention has been devoted to the way the Chinese intellectual world tried to formulate an answer to the challenge posed by European modernity, as well as to the way European political thinking (nationalism, socialism, communism, anarchism) impacted traditional Chinese political thinking. In contrast, very little attention has been devoted to the way these same political philosophies also influenced the Chinese Buddhist answer to European modernity. This article discusses the ways in which the ‘reform of Buddhism’ proposed by the famous Venerable Taixu (1889–1947) was shaped by both the political and military events that determined the history of China in the first half of the twentieth century, and by his genuine determination to modernize Buddhism.
Contribuições da metodologia Resolução de Problemas ao ensino-aprendizagem de divisibilidade: um estudo de caso
Authors: Fernandes José Aparecido da Silva , Fassarella Lúcio Souza
Published: September 2020

Recorte de uma pesquisa qualitativa na forma de estudo de caso etnográfico que teve como objetivo geral investigar as contribuições da metodologia de Resolução de Problemas ao ensino-aprendizagem de divisibilidade. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se pela elaboração e análise da aplicação de uma sequência didática junto à turma do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública, ao longo de aulas regulares realizadas entre os meses de julho e setembro de 2015. Os meios para coleta de dados foram a observação participante amparada por diário de bordo, gravações em áudio e vídeo, fotografias e entrevista, além das produções dos alunos. Constatamos que os alunos se adaptaram bem à proposta, após superadas resistências e dificuldades iniciais. Verificamos as seguintes contribuições da metodologia de Resolução de Problemas: aumento da motivação e engajamento dos alunos nas aulas; desenvolvimento do trabalho colaborativo; favorecimento da escrita em Matemática; ressignificação do ensino-aprendizagem da Matemática.
Palavras-chave: Educação Matemática. Ensino Fundamental. Material Concreto.
Type I error inflation of log-rank test with small sample size : A permutation approach and simulation studies
Authors: WANG ZHENG , ZHANG ALICIA , CHEN YUQI , TRAN QUI , HOLLAND CHRIS
Published: September 2020

The log-rank test is a well-accepted non parametric test in comparing the survival time be- tween experimental and control group in regulatory settings. However, we have observed type I error inﬂation as high as 28% using the test in the simulation settings we have with even moderate sample sizes. In this paper, we explore several factors that potentially con- tribute to the inﬂation by simulation. Sample size, randomization ratio and signiﬁcance levels are found to be inﬂuential factors. We propose an alternative log-rank test using an approximate permutation distribution instead of the standard normal distribution. It is shown that type I error is controlled when applying the approximate permutation test to both simple clinical trial designs and complicated group sequential designs.
SISTEM PERINGKAS TEKS OTOMATIS MULTI DOKUMEN KLIPING ARTIKEL BERITA GEMPA MENGGUNAKAN METODE TF-IDF
Authors: Abidin Aa Zezen Zaenal , Nurjanah Enung
Published: September 2020

Teknologi saat ini berkembang pesat sehingga pengguna internet mudah untuk mengetahui berita yang ada di internet. Berita artikel gempa yang banyak menyulitkan pembaca mengetahui isi berita secara terperinci. Karena itu peringkas teks multi dokumen menjadi penting untuk dilakukan. Agar pembacaan menjadi cepat dan mudah serta informasi bisa di dapat secara singkat. Dengan adanya peringkas teks pembaca bisa mengetahui kliping artikel berita gempa secara singkat tidak hanya dari satu dokumen tetapi beberapa dokumen atau multi dokumen bisa dilakukan, minimal dari dua dokumen. Penulis membuat prototype system peringkas teks multi dokumen menggunakan metode Term frquency inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) yaitu memecah isi dokumen menjadi kalimat, membuang karakter, memecah kalimat menjadi kata, memberi nilai bobot pada kata, menjumlahkan nilai bobot, menghitung nilai idf dan TF-IDF sehingga di dapat nilai bobot kata dari setiap kalimat, diperoleh bobot kalimat dimana bobot yang tertinggi atau beberpa kalimat dengan rangking tertinggi dijadikan ringkasan dari masing-masing dokumen. Ringkasan dari setiap dokumen digabung dan diringkaskan lagi, sehingga menjadi ringkasan ketiga sebagai gabungan dua dokumen. Digunakan tools berbasis web, Bahasa pemogramman yang digunakan yaitu PHP dan DBMS MySQL.
Aplikasi ini dapat mengimplementasikan peringkas teks otomatis multi dokumen kliping artikel berita di internet metode TF-IDF. Sistem ini dapat membantu mengetahui isi penting dari kliping artikel berita yang banyak di internet. Memiliki akurasi hasil uji responden 54.45% dan uji kemiripan dokumen sebesar 78.023%.
Kata kunci: peringkas teks multi dokumen, kliping artikel berita, TF-IDF..
Interstitial Pneumonia with Autoimmune Features
Authors: Santhanam Sham , Mohanasundaram Kavitha , Krishnan Shanmuganandan
Published: September 2020

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an umbrella term for lung disease characterised by inflammation and fibrosis of the interstitium. ILD can be idiopathic or secondary to connective tissue disorders, drugs or environmental exposures. Before labelling it as idiopathic we have to rule out secondary causes. ILD is one of the most common extra-articular manifestations of connective tissue diseases (CTDs), causing significant morbidity and mortality. Patients with pre-existing CTD can develop ILD; some patients develop ILD against the background of either one or two clinical features of a CTD or isolated auto-antibody positivity. The current terminology for such an entity is interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF). The current criterion is based on three domains: clinical, serologic and morphologic. To satisfy the IPAF classification criteria, one needs to satisfy the mandatory criterion with one feature from two of the three domains.

Classifying patients with this criterion helps in early initiation of immunosuppression and in monitoring them closely for development of features of a well defined CTD. There are a few limitations like the clinical domain being more skewed towards systemic sclerosis and inflammatory myositis, exclusion of antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) and cytoplasmic pattern in antinuclear antibody (ANA). There are no clear protocols for treatment of IPAF and most of the data has been extrapolated from the management of systemic sclerosis (SSc) ILD and idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP). Progressive disease in spite of treatment demands stronger immunosuppressive agents. Studies on the role of antifibrotics in IPAF are underway, with few small studies showing positive outcomes. There are conflicting reports on the survival and outcome of the IPAF cohort. Certain studies suggest that they have better survival compared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) though other studies contradict this statement.
Electronic Health Records: A Critical Appraisal of Strengths and Limitations
Authors: Kataria Suchitra , Ravindran Vinod
Published: September 2020

Electronic health record (EHR) was hailed as a major step towards making healthcare more transparent and accountable. All the developed nations digitised their health records which were meant to be safe, secure and could be accessed on demand. This was intended to benefit all stakeholders. However, the jury is still out if the EHR has been worth it.

There have been incidences of data breaches despite cybersecurity checks and of manipulation compromising clinicians’ integrity and patients’ safety. EHRs have also been blamed for doctor burnout in overloading them with a largely avoidable administrative burden. The lack of interoperability amongst various EHR software systems is creating obstacles in seamless workflow. Artificial intelligence is now being used to overcome deficiencies of the EHR. Emerging data from real-world usage of EHR is providing useful inputs which would be helpful in making it a better system.

This review critically appraises the current status and issues with the EHR and provides an overview of the key innovations which are being implemented to make the system more efficient for health care providers leading to a reduction in their administrative burden.
Rheumatoid Arthritis with Necrotic Lung Nodules
Authors: Sharma Ashish , Pandey Bimlesh Dhar , Gupta Rajesh , Chaturvedi Arti
Published: September 2020

Rheumatoid arthritis is a multisystemic inflammatory disease. Lungs are the commonest site of extra-articular involvement. Rheumatoid lung nodules occur infrequently and can undergo necrosis giving rise to necrobiotic lung nodules. Infections, malignancy and granulomatosis with polyangiitis are more common causes of cavitating lung nodules. Presence of rheumatoid factor, history of smoking and use of methotrexate increase the chances of developing rheumatoid lung nodulosis. Histopathological examination of the nodule is essential to make a correct diagnosis. We present a 74-year-old male with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis who had multiple cavitating lung nodules. Biopsy from the lung nodule could not be performed as the patient refused to consent. However, infection, malignancy and granulomatosis with polyangiitis were ruled out on the basis of blood investigations and bronchoscopy. He was empirically treated with a moderate dose of glucocorticoid along with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. After three months of treatment, the lung nodules disappeared completely and his articular symptoms showed marked improvement.
Inclusion of Medical Fitness to Drive in Medical Postgraduate Training Curricula
Authors: Azawi Laith Al , O'Byrne Aisling , Roche Lily , O'Neill Desmond , Ryan Margaret
Published: September 2020

Background

Transport mobility and access to driving are important factors in social inclusion and wellbeing. Doctors have an important role to play in supporting safe mobility through applying the knowledge developed in the field of traffic medicine and incorporating state of the art national and international medical fitness to drive (MFTD) guidelines. Little is known about the profile of MFTD in postgraduate curricula for core and higher specialist training.

Aims

We profiled the inclusion of MFTD in the curricula of postgraduate core, higher and streamlined medical and surgical specialties in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) and the UK.

Methods

All publicly available syllabi of basic and higher/ streamlined specialist training in postgraduate medical and surgical colleges in both jurisdictions were analysed (n = 122).

Results

In Ireland 25% of basic training schemes included MFTD in the curriculum. Two-thirds of curricula of higher specialty and streamlined training schemes also included MFTD. For the UK 44% of core and 36% of higher training scheme curricula included MFTD. Just under one-quarter of all curricula reviewed included MFTD for more than one medical condition or treatment. Common topics in both Irish and UK curricula included seizures/epilepsy, syncope and visual disturbances.

Conclusion

There are notable deficits in MFTD training for specialists in Ireland and the UK. Common conditions which can significantly impair MFTD such as stroke, diabetes and alcohol use disorders are severely underrepresented and curricula should be revisited to include relevant training and guidance on MFTD for trainees.
History of the West of Scotland Haemophilia Centre, Glasgow, 1950–2019
Authors: Lowe Gordon , Walker Isobel , Gibson Brenda , Tait Campbell , Bagot Catherine
Published: September 2020

Over 70 years, the West of Scotland Haemophilia Centre in the UK has played a leading role in research, education and training. Its staff studied the natural history of haemophilias, their complications, and their treatment complications, pioneered the use of fibrinolytic inhibitors to reduce the risk of receiving a blood transfusion and developed national audit. Collaborations across Scotland with other haemophilia centres and the Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service progressed self-sufficiency in NHS-produced factor concentrates, heat treatments to prevent HIV and hepatitis transmission, and finally, replacement of human by recombinant factor concentrates.
Production Sound Mixing
Authors: Murphy John J.
Published: September 2020

The latest hot camera is pretty irrelevant if one can’t understand what’s happening on screen. The key to any narrative is in the dialogue and voice over, but if this is unintelligible or difficult to hear, viewers will soon lose interest. With real world applications and a narrative to keep the reader’s interest, Production Sound Mixing is the indispensable guide for film and video audio recording. Written by veteran sound mixer John J. Murphy, the book offers a step by step collaborative journey through the basic physics of sound, concluding with a practical guide of the latest techniques and equipment available to all who are interested in the best audio for their projects.

Structured to mimic a 14-week semester, each chapter begins with an audio problem to be solved and ends with a solution drawn from information gleaned from past chapters. Suggested movie scenes that demonstrate the relevant audio techniques will also be included. Equally applicable to studio and location recording, the book is oriented toward commonly accessible environments such as conference rooms, hallways, beaches, car interiors, bathrooms, and so on. The intent is to allow the student to make the best of a location no matter how challenging it might be. Most importantly, this book will make one aware of the potential of sound on screen, for it is truly 50% of the viewing experience.
Making Short Films
Authors: Thurlow Clifford , Thurlow Max
Published: September 2020

Making Short Films: The Complete Guide from Script to Screen is a practical and inspirational guide to students and independent film-makers. This is the only book to describe and explain the whole process - from creating an original or adapted script, through producing and directing to finance and distribution.

Whether you are embarking on a short film project by yourself or are planning a more ambitious, collaborative project, Making Short Films gives you the low-down on everything you need to know.

Making Short Films includes:

• A detailed, structured guide to the whole film-making process

• Information on new, digital technology

• A range of complete scripts for award-winning shorts with commentaries by the film-makers

• Insider tips on making deals, renting equipment, securing funding and getting your short shown

• Details on the all major film festivals

• A glossary of film terms

• A web-page with supporting information: www.making-short-films.com
The Soul of Screenwriting
Authors: Cunningham Keith
Published: September 2020

Uniquely inspired by the work of mythologist Joseph Campbell and psychologist Jean Houston, The Soul of Screenwriting demonstrates how the "screenwriting by numbers" approach that offers templates into which the writer may mechanically drop his or her story idea is fundamentally incomplete. Keith Cunningham maintains that in doing so, one ignores the process of writing. Screenwriting is a long journey and even the most gifted screenwriters get lost along the way. Getting lost, Cunningham reminds us, is part of the process too.

What the writer experiences in the act of writing has never been taken into account, yet this is where the screenplay comes from: the writer's here-and-now experience while working on the story. Information-left-brain concepts and techniques about plot structure, character development and orchestration, the dynamics of scenes and sequences-is all necessary. But it is what one does with the information that makes a truly great screenplay. In The Soul of Screenwriting, Cunningham demonstrates that good screenwriting is more than hitting the big "plot points" with exciting action. Good screenwriting also has integrity and authenticity. It has a "voice," and because it has a voice it speaks to the audience. To gain a voice, the writer needs the heat of creative imagination: passion, commitment, enthusiasm, a drive to know the truth of the characters, and an urge to get to the core of the dramatic conflict without resorting to escapism. These are qualities of the heart, and as Cunningham argues, screenwriting can indeed be, in Carlos Castañeda's phrase, a path with heart.
Using soil water isotopes to infer the influence of contrasting urban green space on ecohydrological partitioning
Authors: Kuhlemann Lena-Marie , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Smith Aaron , Kleinschmit Birgit , Soulsby Chris
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Many urban areas are facing challenges in balancing domestic and industrial water demands while simultaneously maintaining the water supply for green infrastructure. Consequently, quantitative knowledge about ecohydrological partitioning in different types of urban green space is crucial for balancing sustainable water needs in cities during future challenges of increasing urbanization and climate warming. Using isotopic tracers in precipitation and soil water, along with conventional hydrometric measurements in a plot-scale study in Berlin, Germany, we investigated water partitioning under different generic types of urban vegetation (grassland, shrub and trees). This allowed assessment of effects on subsequent evapotranspiration, subsurface flow paths and storage during a prolonged drought period with episodic rainfall. Water losses under forest were slightly higher than grassland over the monitoring in the growing season of 2019. Despite higher soil evaporation losses under urban grassland, higher interception and transpiration likely contributed to slower turnover of soil water and older groundwater recharge under urban trees. Shrub vegetation seemed to be most resilient to prolonged drought periods, with lower evapotranspiration losses. Our results contribute to a better understanding of ecohydrological partitioning under mixed urban vegetation communities and an evidence base for better adaptive management of urban water and irrigation strategies to sustainably meet the water demands of urban green spaces.
Behind the curve: a comparison of historical sources for the Carnegie curve of the global atmospheric electric circuit
Authors: Harrison R. Giles
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The “Carnegie curve” describes the diurnal variation of the global
atmospheric electric circuit. It was originally found from atmospheric
electric potential gradient (PG) measurements made on the Carnegie, effectively a
floating atmospheric electrical observatory, which undertook global cruises
between 1915 and 1929. These measurements confirmed that the single diurnal
cycle PG variation, previously obtained in both polar regions, was global in
extent. The averaged diurnal PG variation, represented by derived harmonic
fits, provides a characteristic variation known as the “Carnegie curve”,
against which modern measurements are still compared. The ocean air PG
measurements were extensively described in reports of the Carnegie
Institution of Washington (CIW) but widely used secondary sources of the
Carnegie curve contain small differences, arising through approximations and
transcription errors. Investigations using the historical CIW data show that
the original harmonic fit coefficients are reproducible. Despite the
inconsistencies, the secondary sources nevertheless mostly yield diurnal
variations which fall within the variability of the original historical
data.
Los i-memes como medio de participación ciudadana en las relaciones diplomáticas a partir de un estudio de caso: #PERDÓNESPAÑA
Authors: Romero Vara Laura
Published: September 2020

En el presente artículo demuestra cómo los i-memes son utilizados por los usuarios para transmitir opiniones y posiciones en temas de diplomacia. A partir del estudio de caso de la controversia suscitada entre México y España, después de las declaraciones en redes sociales del actual presidente mexicano, en las que urgía al rey de España a pedir perdón, por los daños causados durante la conquista de México, se analizan los memes encontrados en diversas plataformas como: Google, Twitter, Facebook y Whatsapp. Se concluye que los memes de internet se han convertido en un elemento fundamental de los procesos comunicativos del siglo XXI, siendo su estudio esencial para entender cómo funciona la opinión pública en la sociedad en red.
Palabras que crean a sus hombres. Sentido, narración y cognición en la construcción de lo real
Authors: Aladro Vico Eva
Published: September 2020

Este texto reflexiona sobre la pragmática de la comunicación asociada al uso del sentido del lenguaje. Se plantea que el uso del lenguaje dirige la acción humana hacia determinados fenómenos semánticos, que a su vez, imprimen a las personas actitudes y capacidades. De esta manera, el lenguaje es una poderosa construcción de lo real, por su capacidad de constelar y captar formas, y generar actitudes humanas hacia las formas que desencadenan nuevas visiones de lo real. En este proceso, el avance en el conocimiento, el descubrimiento en las historias narradas y la generación de ideas son efectos, y en ellos podemos estudiar el proceso en profundidad.
Horizontes del mundo digital: de la simulación y la banalización de la experiencia, a un uso social, ecológico e innovador de la Sociedad Red
Authors: Caldevilla Domínguez David , Barrientos Báez Almudena , Parra López Eduardo
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo es una reflexión, al hilo de las principales tendencias de desarrollo en las aportaciones sobre la web 2.0 y la sociedad digital, que se manifiestan en dos direcciones fundamentales: la tendencia hacia la innovación económica y creativa, el desarrollo de valores y el equilibrio medioambiental, o la pulsión hacia la comercialización, manipulación y el mundo de los simulacros en sectores vitales de la actividad humana. Al hilo de las reflexiones, se plantea que desde sus orígenes la sociedad red ha tenido ante sí un panorama bipolar, en el que los acuciantes dramas políticos, económicos, ecológicos y humanos nos obligan a elegir una opción de desarrollo.
Luis Unceta Gómez y Carlos Sánchez Pérez (eds.). 2019. En los márgenes de Roma. La Antigüedad romana en la cultura de masas contemporánea. Madrid: Catarata. 302 pp. ISBN 978-84-9097-869-6
Authors: Salcedo González Cristina
Published: September 2020

Reseña del libro de Luis Unceta Gómez y Carlos Sánchez Pérez (eds.). 2019. En los márgenes de Roma. La Antigüedad romana en la cultura de masas contemporánea. Madrid: Catarata. 302 pp. ISBN 978-84-9097-869-6
¿Hay continuidad entre la semiótica antigua y la contemporánea?
Authors: Manetti Giovanni , Vico Eva Aladro
Published: September 2020

Este texto ilustra la importancia de las contribuciones del profesor Wenceslao Castañares al conocimiento de las ideas semióticas en el pensamiento de la antigüedad. El autor plantea, al hilo de la preocupación de Castañares por rescatar las aportaciones semióticas del mundo antiguo, la continuidad y la diferencia existente entre el pensamiento moderno y el pensamiento antiguo en torno a los signos y su funcionamiento. Discurre sobre la diferencia de acento en las teorías antiguas, marcadas por a una semiótica más ligada a los signos aislados, no verbales, y con ellos por el estudio de las inferencias, y la huella que dicha semiótica, desarrollada por el pensamiento epicúreo, en especial, ha tenido después en autores como Peirce. Uno de los elementos más interesantes es el novedoso desarrollo de la práctica de la inferencia por semejanza en los epicúreos. Con grandes diferencias marcadas por el enfoque más interesado en los signos verbales, estructurados en textos y en sus correspondencias semánticas, en la semiótica contemporánea, es posible trazar sin embargo, una continuidad de los hallazgos antiguos en las teorías y terminologías más relevantes de nuestra época, como es el caso de la semiótica peirceana, respecto al mundo antiguo.
Postgrowth Imaginaries. New Ecologies and Counterhegemonic Culture in post-2008 Spain. Luis I. Prádanos. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2018
Authors: Vico Eva Aladro
Published: September 2020

Reseña del libro de Luis I. Prádanos, Postgrowth Imaginaries. New Ecologies and Counterhegemonic Culture in post-2008 Spain. . Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2018
Ulises en la redacción. Indicios, periodismo y cultura de masas
Authors: Fouce Rodríguez Héctor
Published: September 2020

Este artículo propone analizar el periodismo como una forma de conocimiento ligada al desciframiento de indicios y al establecimiento de hipótesis que guien la investigación a través del proceso inferencial. Se recupera la idea de que existe una inteligencia p´ráctica basada en la inferencia y la anticipación que los griegos llamaron metis y que marcó tanto los inicios de la medicina como de la retórica. También se establecen las conexiones entre estas formas antiguas de descriframiento de los signos y los conceptos de índice y de abducción en la semiótica de Peirce, analizando el lugar que el hábito, la duda y la creencia tienen a la hora de orientar las inferencias. Finalmente, se ponen en acción estos conceptos mediante el análisis de las investigaciones periodísticas sobre los abusos sexuales del clero católico en Boston, relatadas en la película Spotlight, de Tom McCarthy.
Fernández Vázquez, Guillermo (2019) Qué hacer con la extrema derecha en Europa. El caso del Frente Nacional. Madrid: Contextos – Lengua de Trapo. 196 pp. ISBN: 978-84-8381-238-9
Authors: Fouce Rodríguez Héctor
Published: September 2020

Reseña del libro de Fernández Vázquez, Guillermo (2019)  Qué hacer con la extrema derecha en Europa. El caso del Frente Nacional. Madrid: Contextos – Lengua de Trapo. 196 pp. ISBN: 978-84-8381-238-9
Greek and English passives, and the role of by-phrases
Authors: Angelopoulos Nikos , Collins Chris , Terzi Arhonto
Published: September 2020

This paper proposes an analysis in which passive by-phrases are merged as the arguments of the active with the corresponding theta roles (Hasegawa 1988; D’Hulst 1992; Mahajan 1994; Goodall 1997; 1999; Caha 2009; Collins 2018a; Roberts 2019; Karlík 2020 and Hallman 2020). The analysis finds support in new data from Greek and English showing that, just like the DP arguments of the active, by-phrases bear the same range of theta roles and can bind a non-logophoric reflexive. On the other hand, it is shown that PPs with non-argument theta-roles, that is, adjunct PPs, cannot. In light of these findings, the paper reaches a number of independent conclusions such as that VoiceP, the projection responsible for the distinct morphological realization of the different Voice phenomena, does not introduce the external argument (Collins 2005; Merchant 2013; Manzini et al. 2016; Ramchand 2017; Roberts 2019; Zyman & Kalivoda 2020; Newman 2020). Furthermore, in light of the new data presented here, the paper discusses reasons for which the following proposals cannot be maintained: that the Greek and English passive are formed in a different manner, or with different Voice heads (Alexiadou & Doron 2012 i.a.), that by-phrases are merged as adjuncts (Bruening 2013; Legate 2014; Alexiadou et al. 2015 i.a.) or that Greek by-phrases systematically exhibit distinct behavior from the corresponding DP arguments of the active (Alexiadou et al. 2015). Lastly, it is argued that the rules of semantic composition, if applied as in Heim & Kratzer (1998) and Bruening (2013), make available more ways in which arguments can be merged than those which are actually attested. The paper suggests that the rules in question must be constrained by independent principles, such as Chomsky’s (1981, 1986) Theta Criterion.
The clinical nurse educator as a congruent leader: A mixed method study
Authors: Coventry Tracey H. , Russell Kylie P.
Published: September 2020

Educational leadership in the clinical setting has an influence on the promotion and achievement of competent and confident nurses. In Australia, the newly qualified registered nurse entering the workforce is exposed to a variety of experiential learning opportunities and engages with the nurse who is responsible for the clinical learning and development (clinical nurse educator) in the first-year graduate program. There is limited research examining the clinical nurse educator role and actual and potential leadership in the workforce. This study aimed to articulate the extent to which the clinical nurse educator is perceived as a clinical leader in the acute hospital setting. And specifically, the relationship of the role to the congruent leadership style. A mixed method convergent design (QUANT + QUAL) approach used (1) an online questionnaire with open and closed ended questions for the graduate nurses and (2) semi-structured individual interviews with graduate nurses, their clinical nurse educators and their nurse managers. Findings confirmed the clinical nurse educator leadership was visible, approachable, and relational with clearly identified values and passionate patient-centred principles. Challenges to the clinical nurse educator identity and confidence exist and impact the clinical role and leadership value. The clinical nurse educator did not need to be in a management position to lead and influence graduates’ successful transition to practice and integration into the clinical environment. The clinical nurse educator exhibits a congruent leadership style through engagement and promotion of the graduate nurses in their first year of nursing. The education role is of significance to meet contemporary health care expectations and promote quality patient care and new nurse retention in the healthcare organisation.