bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
White matter tract microstructure, macrostructure, and associated cortical gray matter morphology across the lifespan
Authors: Schilling Kurt G , Chad Jordan A. , Chamberland Maxime , Nozais Victor , Rheault Francois , Archer Derek , Li Muwei , Gao Yurui , Cai Leon , Del’Acqua Flavio , Newton Allen , Moyer Daniel , Gore John C. , Lebel Catherine , Landman Bennett A
Published: September 2023

Characterizing how, when and where the human brain changes across the lifespan is fundamental to our understanding of developmental processes of childhood and adolescence, degenerative processes of aging, and divergence from normal patterns in disease and disorders. We aimed to provide detailed descriptions of white matter pathways across the lifespan by thoroughly characterizing white mattermicrostructure, white mattermacrostructure, and morphology of thecortexassociated with white matter pathways. We analyzed 4 large, high-quality, publicly-available datasets comprising 2789 total imaging sessions, and participants ranging from 0 to 100 years old, using advanced tractography and diffusion modeling. We first find that all microstructural, macrostructural, and cortical features of white matter bundles show unique lifespan trajectories, with rates and timing of development and degradation that vary across pathways – describing differences between types of pathways and locations in the brain, and developmental milestones of maturation of each feature. Second, we show cross-sectional relationships between different features that may help elucidate biological changes occurring during different stages of the lifespan. Third, we show unique trajectories of age-associations across features. Finally, we find that age associations during development are strongly related to those during aging. Overall, this study reports normative data for several features of white matter pathways of the human brain that will be useful for studying normal and abnormal white matter development and degeneration.
BioXTAS RAW 2: new developments for a free open-source program for small angle scattering data reduction and analysis
Authors: Hopkins Jesse B.
Published: September 2023

BioXTAS RAW is a free, open-source program for reduction, analysis and modelling of biological small angle scattering data. Here, the new developments in RAW version 2 are described. These include: improved data reduction using pyFAI; updated automated Guinier fitting andDmaxfinding algorithms; automated series (e.g. SEC-SAXS) buffer and sample region finding algorithms; linear and integral baseline correction for series; deconvolution of series data using REGALS; creation of electron density reconstructions via DENSS; a comparison window showing residuals, ratios, and statistical comparisons between profiles; and generation of PDF reports with summary plots and tables for all analysis. In addition, there is now a RAW API, which can be used without the GUI, providing full access to all of the functionality found in the GUI. In addition to these new capabilities, RAW has undergone significant technical updates, such as adding Python 3 compatibility, and has entirely new documentation available both online and in the program.
Implication of polymerase recycling for nascent transcript quantification by live cell imaging
Authors: Kindongo Olivia , Lieb Guillaume , Skaggs Benjamin , Dusserre Yves , Vincenzetti Vincent , Pelet Serge
Published: September 2023

Transcription enables the production of RNA from a DNA template. Due to the highly dynamic nature of transcription, live-cell imaging methods play a crucial role in measuring the kinetics of this process. For instance, transcriptional bursts have been visualized using fluorescent phage-coat proteins that associate tightly with mRNA stem loops formed on nascent transcripts. To convert the signal emanating from a transcription site into meaningful estimates of transcription dynamics, the influence of various parameters on the measured signal must be evaluated. Here, the effect of gene length on the intensity of the transcription site focus was analyzed. Intuitively, a longer gene can support a larger number of transcribing polymerases, thus leading to an increase in the measured signal. However, measurements of transcription induced by hyper-osmotic stress responsive promoters display independence from gene length. A mathematical model of the stress-induced transcription process suggests that the formation of gene loops that favor the recycling of polymerase from the terminator to the promoter can explain the observed behavior. One experimentally validated prediction from this model is that the amount of mRNA produced from a short gene should be higher than for a long one as the density of active polymerase on the short gene will be increased by polymerase recycling. Our data suggest that this recycling contributes significantly to the expression output from a gene and that polymerase recycling is modulated by the promoter identity and the cellular state.

Take away

- Quantification of stress-induced promoter transcription dynamics using a live assays reporter system displays no dependence of signal intensity with gene length.

- Mathematical modeling predicts that the formation of gene loops leading to the recycling of polymerases can explain the observed behavior.

- More prevalent polymerase recycling on short genes results in a higher transcriptional output.
Tenofovir Activation is Diminished in the Brain and Liver of Creatine Kinase Brain-Type Knockout Mice
Authors: Eberhard Colten D. , Mosher Eric P. , Bumpus Namandjé N. , Orsburn Benjamin C.
Published: September 2023

Tenofovir (TFV) is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor prescribed for the treatment and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus infection, and the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Here, we demonstrate that creatine kinase brain-type (CKB) can form tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP), the pharmacologically active metabolite, in vitro, and identify nine missense mutations (C74S, R96P, S128R, R132H, R172P, R236Q, C283S, R292Q, and H296R) that diminish this activity. Additional characterization of these mutations reveal that five (R96P, R132H, R236Q, C283S, and R292Q) have ATP dephosphorylation catalytic efficiencies less than 20% of wild-type (WT), and seven (C74S, R96P, R132H, R172P, R236Q, C283S, and H296P) induce thermal instabilities. To determine the extent CKB contributes to TFV activation in vivo, we generated a CKB knockout mouse strain,Ckbtm1Nnb. Using an in vitro assay, we show that brain lysates ofCkbtm1Nnbmale and female mice form 70.5% and 77.4% less TFV-DP than wild-type brain lysates of the same sex, respectively. Additionally, we observe thatCkbtm1Nnbmale mice treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for 14 days exhibit a 22.8% reduction in TFV activation in liver compared to wild-type male mice. Lastly, we utilize mass spectrometry-based proteomics to elucidate the impact of the knockout on the abundance of nucleotide and small molecule kinases in the brain and liver, adding to our understanding of how loss of CKB may be impacting tenofovir activation in these tissues. Together, our data suggest that disruptions in CKB may lower levels of active drug in brain and liver.

ABSTRACT GRAPHIC
Microbially-catalyzed conjugation of GABA and tyramine to bile acids
Authors: Mullowney Michael W. , Fiebig Aretha , Schnizlein Matthew K. , McMillin Mary , Rose Amber R. , Koval Jason , Rubin David , Dalal Sushila , Sogin Mitchell L. , Chang Eugene B. , Sidebottom Ashley M. , Crosson Sean
Published: September 2023

Bile acids (BAs) are cholesterol-derived molecules that aid in digestion and nutrient absorption, regulate host metabolic processes, and influence physiology of the gut microbiota. Both the host and its microbiome contribute to enzymatic modifications that shape the chemical diversity of BAs in the gut. Several bacterial species have been reported to conjugate standard amino acids to BAs, but it was not known if bacteria conjugate BAs to other amine classes. Here, we show thatBacteroides fragilisstrain P207, isolated from a bacterial bloom in the J-pouch of a patient with ulcerative colitis (UC) pouchitis, conjugates standard amino acids and the neuroactive amines γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and tyramine to deoxycholic acid. We extended this analysis to other human gut isolates and identified species that are competent to conjugate GABA and tyramine to primary and secondary BAs, and further identified diverse BA-GABA and BA-tyramine amides in human stool. A longitudinal metabolomic analysis of J-pouch contents of the patient from whomB. fragilisP207 was isolated revealed highly reduced levels of secondary bile acids and a shifting BA amide profile before, during, and after onset of pouchitis, including temporal changes in several BA-GABA amides. Treatment of pouchitis with ciprofloxacin was associated with a marked reduction of nearly all BA amides in the J-pouch. Our study expands the known repertoire of conjugated bile acids produced by bacteria to include BA conjugates to GABA and tyramine and demonstrates that these molecules are present in the human gut.

Importance

Bile acids (BAs) are modified in multiple ways by host enzymes and the microbiota to produce a chemically diverse set of molecules that assist in the digestive process and impact many physiological functions. This study reports the discovery of bacteria isolated from the gut of human patients that conjugate the neuroactive amines, GABA and tyramine, to BAs and demonstrates that BA-GABA and BA-tyramine amides are present in the human gut. GABA and tyramine are common metabolic products of the gut microbiota and potent neuroactive molecules, and their conjugation to BAs may influence receptor-mediated regulatory mechanisms of humans and their gut microbes.
Cyclodipeptide oxidase is an enzyme filament
Authors: Andreas Michael P. , Giessen Tobias W.
Published: September 2023

Modified cyclic dipeptides represent a widespread class of secondary metabolites with diverse pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor. Here, we report the structural characterization of theStreptomyces nourseienzyme AlbAB, a cyclodipeptide oxidase (CDO) carrying out α,β-dehydrogenations during the biosynthesis of the antibiotic albonoursin. We show that AlbAB is a megadalton heterooligomeric enzyme filament containing covalently bound flavin mononucleotide cofactors. We highlight that AlbAB filaments consist of alternating dimers of AlbA and AlbB and that enzyme activity is crucially dependent on filament formation. We show that AlbA-AlbB interactions are highly conserved suggesting that all CDO-like enzymes are likely enzyme filaments. Our work represents the first structural characterization of a CDO. As CDOs have been employed in the structural diversification of cyclic dipeptides, our results will be useful for future applications of CDOs in biocatalysis and chemoenzymatic synthesis.
Species- and strain-effects in interferon, innate immunity, and barrier transcriptional response of microbiome interactions of 3D respiratory epithelial cultures
Authors: Horvath Mian , Yang Ruoyu , Castaneda Diana Cadena , Callender Megan , Fleming Elizabeth , Voigt Anita , Caldwell Ryan , Fachi José , Di Luccia Blanda , Scholar Zoe , Yu Peter , Salner Andrew , Colonna Marco , Palucka Karolina , Oh Julia
Published: September 2023

The microbiome modulates the respiratory epithelium’s immunomodulatory functions. To explore how the microbiome’s biodiversity affects microbe-epithelial interactions, we screened 58 phylogenetically diverse microbes for their transcriptomic effect on tracheobronchial air-liquid interface cell (ALI) cultures. We found distinct species- and strain-level differences in host innate immunity, and epithelial barrier response. Strikingly, we found that host interferon, an antiviral immune response, was one of the most variable host processes, and this variability was not driven by microbial phylogenetic diversity, bioburden, nor by the microbe’s ability to stimulate other innate immunity pathways. Our study provides a foundation for understanding how the respiratory microbiome’s biodiversity affects epithelial, and particularly, antiviral innate immunity.
Organelle landscape analysis using a multi-parametric particle-based method
Authors: Kurikawa Yoshitaka , Koyama-Honda Ikuko , Igarashi Keiko , Tamura Norito , Koike Seiichi , Mizushima Noboru
Published: September 2023

Organelles have unique structures and molecular compositions for their functions and have been classified accordingly. However, many organelles are heterogeneous and in the process of maturation and differentiation. Because traditional methods have a limited number of parameters and spatial resolution, they struggle to capture the heterogeneous landscapes of organelles. Here, we present a method for multi-parametric particle-based analysis of organelles. After disrupting cells, fluorescence microscopy images of organelle particles labeled with six to eight different organelle markers were obtained, and their multi-dimensional data were represented in intuitive two-dimensional UMAP (uniform manifold approximation and projection) spaces. This method enabled visualization of landscapes of seven major organelles as well as the transitional states of endocytic organelles directed to the recycling and degradation pathways. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria contact sites were detected in these maps. Our proposed method successfully detects a wide array of organelles simultaneously, enabling the analysis of heterogeneous organelle landscapes.
Barriers and facilitators to women general practitioners’ career progression: a systematic review
Authors: Jefferson Laura , Webster Elin , Golder Su , Barnett Katie , Greenwood Nicola , Dale Veronica , Bloor Karen
Published: September 2023

Objective

To identify barriers and facilitators to women GPs’ career progression.

Design

Systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies.

Setting

Studies conducted in the UK NHS general practice setting.

Participants

General practitioners.

Main outcome measures

Barriers and facilitators mapped thematically to the COM-B model, including Capability, Opportunity and Motivation as influencers of Behaviour.

Results

21 articles were included in this review, with varied study designs. No relevant intervention studies were identified. There was a lack of recent research evidence; over half were conducted over 20 years ago. Most studies met quality criteria, though there were some problems with reporting and adjustment for potential confounders. Barriers at personal, socio-cultural and system levels were found that inhibit women GPs’ career progression. While some positive changes have been documented across studies that span some thirty years, many challenges remain.

Conclusion

Despite general practice being one of the more female-dominated medical specialties, barriers at personal, socio-cultural and system levels continue to inhibit women GPs’ careers. The COM-B model of behaviour change was used to group thematic findings according to the barriers women may face in terms of their capabilities, opportunities and motivations and identify potential policies that could be evaluated as options to support women GPs’ career progression.
The adoption of the green label by SMEs in the hotel sector: a leverage for reassuring their customers
Authors: Yildiz Helene , Tahali Sara , Trichina Eleni
Published: September 2023

Purpose

In the era of new technological revolution, seeking to survive and guarantee business sustainability in their digital internationalization, enterprises choose to become environmentally oriented. The need for new green business models has become evident in recent years, and enterprises offer green services in creative and eco-friendly ways. However, does the display of a green label on hotels' websites really promote the eco-conscious tourists' online booking intention? This study aims to examine the impact of the perceived label on the online sustainable hotel booking intention of the eco-conscious tourists, using the foundations of signal theory.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted a structural equation model to integrate several constructs with a sample of 349 validated responses.

Findings

The empirical results highlight, the importance of the green label perception on the eco-conscious tourists' booking intention of online sustainable hotel and the role that green trust and green perceived risk play as a mediating variable between the perception of the exposed label and the booking intention. Indeed, when booking a sustainable hotel online, the tourists may be sensitive to the exposure of a green label. Therefore, this signal decreases the perceived risk of unsustainability and ultimately increases the trust in hotel's sustainability.

Research limitations/implications

The first limitation is related to the sample employed in this study. Given that most of the participants were residents of France, the results of this study may not be generalized to the entire population. Secondly, a range of other factors can affect the eco-conscious tourists' intentions to book online a hotel with green label, such as their attitude, social media influence, tourists' satisfaction, etc. Indeed, other variables and/or signals could be adopted to study online booking intention in the pandemic era.

Practical implications

In light of these results, theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. The findings make an important contribution to SMEs sustainability and internationalization by exploring new ties. This study considers how SMEs and specifically hotels start following green practices (e.g. adoption of an eco-label) relevant to their international environment where they operate and in response to global pressures. SMEs can survive better in the highly competitive global environment where they need to employ more green practices, however, managers should consider how green trust and green perceived risk can affect customer behavior. It also adds to the existing literature by dealing with customer perceptions about the green label of sustainable hotels and its subsequent effect on booking intention.

Originality/value

This study had shown the importance of the display of green label on the eco-conscious tourist's online booking intention.
Predicting plant species climate niches on the basis of mechanistic traits
Authors: Medeiros Camila D. , Henry Christian , Trueba Santiago , Anghel Ioana , Guerrero Samantha Dannet Diaz de Leon , Pivovaroff Alexandria , Fletcher Leila R. , John Grace P. , Lutz James A. , Méndez Alonzo Rodrigo , Sack Lawren
Published: September 2023

Improved estimation of climate niches is critical, given climate change. Plant adaptation to climate depends on their physiological traits and their distributions, yet traits are rarely used to inform the estimation of species climate niches, and the power of a trait‐based approach has been controversial, given the many ecological factors and methodological issues that may result in decoupling of species' traits from their native climate.

For 107 species across six ecosystems of California, we tested the hypothesis that mechanistic leaf and wood traits can robustly predict the mean of diverse species' climate distributions, when combining methodological improvements from previous studies, including standard trait measurements and sampling plants growing together at few sites. Further, we introduce an approach to quantify species' trait‐climate mismatch.

We demonstrate a strong power to predict species mean climate from traits. As hypothesized, the prediction of species mean climate is stronger (and mismatch lower) when traits are sampled for individuals closer to species' mean climates.

Improved resolution of species' climate niches based on mechanistic traits can importantly inform conservation of vulnerable species under the threat of climatic shifts in upcoming decades.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Catalyzing alignment and systems transformation through cross‐sector partnerships: Findings from the California Accountable Communities for Health Initiative
Authors: Angus Lisa , Dall Alaina , Ghosal Ritu
Published: September 2023

Objectives

To describe the impact of Accountable Communities of Health (ACHs) on organizational and community partnerships and explore how ACHs contribute to systems change.

Data Sources and Study Setting

The California Accountable Communities of Health Initiative (CACHI) was a 5‐year, $17 M investment in community health transformation in 13 ACH sites. Data sources include two surveys, key informant interviews, small group conversations, and ACH meeting observations and document review.

Study Design

This was a mixed‐methods, observational study. Surveys conducted in 2021 and 2022 focused on ACH progress in building organizational and community partnerships and ACH impact on partners and systems, respectively. Interviews and small group conversations were conducted toward the end of the CACHI grant period and designed to complement the surveys.

Data Collection

Survey respondents included ACH backbone agency staff and partner organization representatives (n = 141 in 2021 and 88 in 2022). Semistructured individual interviews and group conversations were conducted with 40 ACH backbone staff and partners. Documents were collected via grant reporting and directly from ACH staff. Data were analyzed descriptively and thematically.

Principal Findings

ACHs appear to have supported organizational partnerships and collaboration. Seventy‐six percent of survey respondents reported that their ACH had strengthened organizations' ability to work together and 65% reported developing new or deepened connections. While ACH participants reported a better understanding of community needs and priorities, progress on community relationships, and greater attention to equity and racial justice, many saw room for improvement on meaningful community engagement. Systems changes and precursors of systems change observed across ACH sites included strengthened partnerships, enhanced knowledge, increased capacity, more collaborative ways of working, and new funding streams.

Conclusions

The ACH model is effective at strengthening organizational partnerships and catalyzing other systems changes and precursors including enhanced knowledge, increased capacity, more collaborative ways of working, and new funding.
Corporate R&D Investments Following Competitors’ Voluntary Disclosures: Evidence from the Drug Development Process
Authors: ZHANG YUE
Published: September 2023

This paper examines the role of peer firm disclosures in shaping corporate research and development (R&D) investments. Drawing on models of two‐stage R&D races, I hypothesize that a firm could be either deterred or encouraged by peer disclosure of interim R&D success, depending on peer firms’ R&D strength in the race. Using granular, project‐level data on clinical trials in the drug development process, I find that a firm's R&D investments in a specific therapeutic area are deterred by disclosures of early‐phase trial initiation from strong rivals in the same area but encouraged by disclosures from weak rivals. Cross‐sectional analyses show that focal firm strength and disclosure relevance moderate the effects of peer firm disclosure. Overall, my evidence suggests that peer firms’ R&D disclosures can have both proprietary costs and deterrence benefits.
Enhancement effect of odor and multi‐sensory superposition on sweetness
Authors: Zhang Donghao , Lao Fei , Pan Xin , Li Jing , Yuan Lin , Li Meilun , Cai Yanpei , Wu Jihong
Published: September 2023

The impact of sugary foods on public health has contributed to the development of low‐sugar and sugar‐substituted products, and sugar reduction has become a major challenge for the food industry. There is growing empirical evidence that odor can enhance the perception of sweetness without increasing the caloric load. This current review summarizes the researches on odor‐induced sweetness enhancement published in recent years and discusses the mechanisms and influencing factors of odor‐sweetness interactions. In addition, by combing existing studies, this paper also summarizes the research methods and strategies to investigate odor‐induced sweetness enhancement. Finally, the feasibility of synergistic enhancement of sweetness through the superposition of odor with other senses (texture, visual, etc.) is also discussed and analyzed. In conclusion, odor‐induced sweetness enhancement may present an alternative or complementary approach for developing foods with less sugar.
Senolytic treatment reduces oxidative protein stress in an aging male murine model of post‐traumatic osteoarthritis
Authors: Chin Alexander F. , Han Jin , Clement Cristina C. , Choi Younghwan , Zhang Hong , Browne Maria , Jeon Ok Hee , Elisseeff Jennifer H.
Published: September 2023

Senolytic drugs are designed to selectively clear senescent cells (SnCs) that accumulate with injury or aging. In a mouse model of osteoarthritis (OA), senolysis yields a pro‐regenerative response, but the therapeutic benefit is reduced in aged mice. Increased oxidative stress is a hallmark of advanced age. Therefore, here we investigate whether senolytic treatment differentially affects joint oxidative load in young and aged animals. We find that senolysis by a p53/MDM2 interaction inhibitor, UBX0101, reduces protein oxidative modification in the aged arthritic knee joint. Mass spectrometry coupled with protein interaction network analysis and biophysical stability prediction of extracted joint proteins revealed divergent responses to senolysis between young and aged animals, broadly suggesting that knee regeneration and cellular stress programs are contrarily poised to respond as a function of age. These opposing responses include differing signatures of protein‐by‐protein oxidative modification and abundance change, disparate quantitative trends in modified protein network centrality, and contrasting patterns of oxidation‐induced folding free energy perturbation between young and old. We develop a composite sensitivity score to identify specific key proteins in the proteomes of aged osteoarthritic joints, thereby nominating prospective therapeutic targets to complement senolytics.
Agency, aspirations and citizenship: Non‐formal education from the perspective of children in street situations in Pakistan
Authors: Kushtiwala Nermeen Khalid , Iqbal Humera
Published: September 2023

This paper explores an NGO‐based non‐formal education (NFE) intervention in Pakistan from the perspective of its recipients, children in street situations. Recognizing children as agential beings, we draw on participant observation and in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with 20 children, aged 10–19 years. Young people discussed the impact of the intervention on their self‐worth and future aspirations. They also reflected on their growing awareness of civic issues and citizenship rights. The study emphasizes the importance of NFE in providing opportunities to the most marginalized and those without adequate documentation, particularly in a context when state support can be lacking.
Selection criteria for immediate implant placement and immediate loading for single tooth replacement in the maxillary esthetic zone: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hamilton Adam , Gonzaga Luiz , Amorim Karina , Wittneben Julia‐Gabriela , Martig Lukas , Morton Dean , Martin William , Gallucci German O. , Wismeijer Daniel
Published: September 2023

Objectives

The aim of this study was to review available evidence for Type 1A (immediate implant placement and immediate loading) of single tooth replacement in the maxillary esthetic zone.

Materials and Methods

An electronic search was conducted utilizing the databases of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane to identify publications reporting on the outcomes of Type 1A for single tooth replacement in the maxillary esthetic zone. The success and survival rates of the included articles were reported, which were further categorized according to the clinical criteria reported in Type 1A. Mean survival rates were univariately compared between risk groups and additionally between studies published before and since 2012 using bias‐corrected and study size‐weighed bootstrap tests. A study time‐correcting meta‐analysis was then performed to obtain an overall effect for the study pool.

Results

A total of 3118 publications were identified in the search, with a total of 68 articles included. A mean number of implants per study were 37.2 and mean follow‐up was 2.8 years. All the included studies utilizing Type 1A report highly selective inclusion and exclusion criteria. Univariate risk group comparison determined that studies before 2012 report a significantly lower mean survival rate (difference of −1.9 percentage points [PP], 95% CI: [−0.3, −4.0], p = .02), facial gap dimension had an impact on survival rates (+3.1 PP [0.2, 5.3] for width >2 mm, p = .04), as well as presence of endodontic infection (+2.6 PP [0.9, 5.1], p = .004).

Conclusions

Type 1A has a high survival rate in studies reporting strict patient and site selection criteria. Further research is required to assess esthetic and functional success with Type 1A treatments.
The effect of different abutment materials on peri‐implant tissues—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Laleman I. , Lambert F. , Gahlert M. , Bacevic M. , Woelfler H. , Roehling S.
Published: September 2023

Objectives

In patients with dental implants, what is the effect of transmucosal components made of materials other than titanium (alloys) compared to titanium (alloys) on the surrounding peri‐implant tissues after at least 1 year?

Materials and Methods

This systematic review included eligible randomized controlled trials identified through an electronic search (Medline, Embase and Web of Science) comparing alternative abutment materials versus titanium (alloy) abutments with a minimum follow‐up of 1 year and including at least 10 patients/group. Primary outcomes were peri‐implant marginal bone level (MBL) and probing depth (PD), these were evaluated based on meta‐analyses. Abutment survival, biological and technical complications and aesthetic outcomes were the secondary outcomes. The risk of bias was assessed with the RoB2‐tool. This review is registered in PROSPERO with the number (CRD42022376487).

Results

From 5129 titles, 580 abstracts were selected, and 111 full‐text articles were screened. Finally, 12 articles could be included. Concerning the primary outcomes (MBL and PD), no differences could be seen between titanium abutment and zirconia or alumina abutments, not after 1 year (MBL: zirconia: MD = −0.24, 95% CI: −0.65 to 0.16, alumina: MD = −0.06, 95% CI: −0.29 to 0.17) (PD: zirconia: MD = −0.06, 95% CI: −0.41 to 0.30, alumina: MD = −0.29, 95% CI: −0.96 to 0.38), nor after 5 years. Additionally, no differences were found concerning the biological complications and aesthetic outcomes. The most important technical finding was abutment fracture in the ceramic group and chipping of the veneering material.

Conclusions

Biologically, titanium and zirconia abutments seem to function equally up to 5 years after placement.
Size‐selective predation effects on juvenile Chinook salmon cohort survival off Central California evaluated with an individual‐based model
Authors: Vasbinder Kelly , Fiechter Jerome , Santora Jarrod A. , Anderson James J. , Mantua Nate , Lindley Steve T. , Huff David D. , Wells Brian K.
Published: September 2023

Variation in the recruitment of salmon is often found to be correlated with marine climate indices, but mechanisms behind environment–recruitment relationships remain unclear and correlations often break down over time. We used an ecosystem modeling approach to explore bottom‐up and top‐down mechanisms linking a variable environment to salmon recruitment variations. Our ecosystem model incorporates a regional ocean circulation submodel for hydrodynamics, a nutrient‐phytoplankton‐zooplankton submodel for producing planktonic prey fields, and an individual‐based model (IBM) representing juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), combined with observations of foraging distributions and diet of a seabird predator. The salmon IBM consists of modules, including a juvenile salmon growth module based on temperature and salmon–prey availability, a behavior‐based movement module, and a juvenile salmon predation mortality module based on juvenile salmon size distribution and predator–prey interaction probability. Seabird–salmon interactions depend on spatial overlap and juvenile salmon size, whereby salmon that grow past the size range of the prey distribution of the predator will escape predation. We used a 21‐year historical simulation to explore interannual variability in juvenile Chinook salmon growth and predation‐mediated survival under a range of ocean conditions for sized‐based mortality scenarios. We based a series of increasingly complex predation scenarios on seabird observational data to explore variability in predation mortality on juvenile Chinook salmon. We initially included information about the predator spatial distribution, then added population size, and finally the predator's diet percentage made up of juvenile salmon. Model agreement improves with added predator complexity, especially during periods when predator abundance is high. Overall, our model found that when the fraction of juvenile salmon in seabird diet increased relative to alternate prey (e.g., Northern anchovy Engraulis mordax, and juvenile rockfish Sebastes spp.), there was a concomitant decrease in salmon cohort survival during their first year at sea.
A one‐stop approach to diagnosing hereditary colorectal cancer in the Chinese population
Authors: Li Cong , Song Wang , Xu Yun , Guo Tianan , Zhou Xiaoyan , Liu Fangqi , Xu Ye
Published: September 2023

Background and Aim

The current procedure for identifying hereditary colorectal cancer (HCRC) is time consuming in clinical practice. This study aimed to develop a time‐saving approach to diagnosing HCRC.

Methods

A total of 100 suspected HCRC patients were prospectively enrolled (cohort 1) and 116 colorectal cancer patients with DNA mismatch repair‐deficient were retrospectively included (cohort 2). Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) tests were performed on tumors and matched white blood cells (WBCs) or normal tissues. Using the conventional method upon WBC/normal tissue‐based NGS data as a reference, the performance of the ColonCore method using tumor‐only‐based NGS data in predicting germline variants was explored in cohort 1 and validated in cohort 2.

Results

In cohort 1, the ColonCore method diagnosed 17 Lynch syndrome (LS) and 14 familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP); and by the conventional method, the cases were 16 and 10, respectively. The ColonCore method showed sensitivities of 100% in diagnosing LS (positive predictive value [PPV] 94.1%) and FAP (PPV 71.4%). Moreover, two of seven patients with multiple adenomas/polyps who did not meet existing clinical criteria for HCRC were predicted to harbor germline variants in APC and MUTYH. Additionally, the sensitivity of the ColonCore method in identifying LS patients from cohort 2 reached 85.7% with a PPV of 85.7%.

Conclusion

The ColonCore method might be an acceptable tool for predicting germline variants associated with HCRC. Our work indicates the essentiality of NGS tests in CRC patients for precision diagnosis and treatment.
Attention Spillover in Asset Pricing
Authors: CHEN XIN , AN LI , WANG ZHENGWEI , YU JIANFENG
Published: September 2023

Exploiting a screen display feature whereby the order of stock display is determined by the stock's listing code, we lever a novel identification strategy and study how the interaction between overconfidence and limited attention affect asset pricing. We find that stocks displayed next to those with higher returns in the past two weeks are associated with higher returns in the future week, which are reverted in the long run. This is consistent with our conjectures that investors tend to trade more after positive investment experience and are more likely to pay attention to neighboring stocks, both confirmed using trading data.
Optimal endoscopic treatment and partial cystectomy with or without bladder augmentation for Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis
Authors: Yu Jiwoong , Lee Chung Un , Lee Kyu‐Sung , Ko Kwang Jin
Published: September 2023

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) presents a significant challenge for urologists in terms of management, owing to its chronic nature and adverse impact on patient quality of life. Given the potential distinction between two disease entities within IC/BPS, namely Hunner‐type IC and BPS without Hunner lesion, there is a need for an optimal therapeutic approach that focuses on the bladder lesions in Hunner‐type IC. In cases where Hunner lesions are observed, complete transurethral ablation of these lesions should be prioritized as the initial intervention, as it has demonstrated effectiveness in symptom control. However, recurrence remains a limitation of this intervention. The techniques of resection and coagulation are equally effective in terms of symptom relief and recurrence prevention. Reconstructive surgery becomes necessary in cases of end‐stage IC/BPS where various therapeutic approaches have failed. Patient selection is crucial in reconstructive surgery, particularly for patients with clear Hunner lesions and small bladder capacity who have not responded to previous treatments. Furthermore, it is vital to consider the patients' expectations and preferences adequately. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature and our own clinical experiences, subtotal cystectomy followed by bladder augmentation is considered a safe and effective surgical option. This stepwise and tailored therapeutic approach aims to optimize patients' quality of life by specifically targeting Hunner‐type IC.
The Interface Between Student Teacher Grammar Cognitions and Learner‐Oriented Cognitions
Authors: GRAUS JOHAN , COPPEN PETER–ARNO
Published: September 2023

It is widely accepted that teacher cognitions—what teachers know, think, and believe—play a significant part in teachers’ decision‐making processes. The present study investigated the specific cognitions that 74 Dutch undergraduate and postgraduate student teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) had on grammar instruction and how these interfaced with learner‐oriented cognitions. Ten focus group interviews were held in which the necessity of grammar instruction, its role in the foreign language (FL) curriculum, and different approaches to grammar teaching were examined in relation to student teachers’ perceptions of their learners. The results show that the participants considered explicit, systematic, and isolated grammar instruction a necessary condition not only for linguistic correctness but also for advanced communicative competence. Moreover, complex interactional patterns were identified between cognitions on meaning‐ and form‐focused approaches on the one hand and learner characteristics on the other. Conceptions of the position and role of grammar in the FL classroom were found to be mediated by student teacher perceptions of learner autonomy, motivation, intellectual capabilities, needs, and instructional preferences. Awareness of these patterns may assist foreign language teacher educators in uncovering how their students operationalize grammar teaching, thereby creating opportunities to engage in deep, reflective processing of topics raised in grammar teaching courses and their link to teaching practice.
What Type of Vocabulary Knowledge Predicts Reading Comprehension: Word Meaning Recall or Word Meaning Recognition?
Authors: LAUFER BATIA , AVIAD–LEVITZKY TAMI
Published: September 2023

This study examined how well second language (L2) recall and recognition vocabulary tests correlated with a reading test, how well each vocabulary test discriminated between reading proficiency levels, and how accurate each test was in predicting reading proficiency when compared with corpus studies. A total of 116 college‐level learners of English as a foreign language took a reading test and 2 vocabulary size tests: meaning recall and meaning recognition. Participants were divided into 4 reading proficiency levels based on the reading scores. We correlated the reading scores with the 2 vocabulary scores, compared the 4 reading groups on each vocabulary test, and compared the vocabulary size of each of the reading proficiency groups with corpus studies. Both vocabulary tests were good predictors of reading, but the recognition test fared slightly better. We introduce the notion of ‘comprehension vocabulary’ and suggest that a recall test is more appropriate for measuring sight vocabulary while a recognition test is more appropriate for measuring comprehension vocabulary.
Mind the gap: The nation form and the Kohn dichotomy
Authors: Heiskanen Jaakko
Published: September 2023

The dichotomy between civic Western nationalism and ethnic non‐Western nationalism (also known as “the Kohn dichotomy” after the historian of nationalism Hans Kohn) remains one of the most influential frameworks for understanding nationalism. It is also one of the most controversial: The binary schema has been criticised not only for its conceptual inconsistencies but also for entrenching an ethnocentric hierarchy that depicts Western nations as fountains of civic virtue. This article enriches these longstanding debates by excavating the neglected inverse side of the Kohn dichotomy. Since the late nineteenth century, the idealised Western nation is imagined not only as a civic polity united by common political traditions but also as an organic community blessed with natural boundaries. In short, Western nations are depicted as both civic and ethnic. Meanwhile, non‐Western nations are denied the privilege of being contradictory and deemed to suffer from a perennial mismatch between civic and ethnic elements: Non‐Western nations are depicted either as ethnic communities lacking civic traditions or as artificial political constructions lacking organic roots. Without taking into account this intricate dialectic between the civic and ethnic poles of the nation form, critics of the Kohn dichotomy will struggle to fully grasp its ideological functions or historical longevity.
Follow‐up biopsies identify high rates of persistent rejection in pediatric kidney transplant recipients after treatment of T cell‐mediated rejection
Authors: Landsberg Adina , Raza S. Sikandar , Seifert Michael E. , Blydt‐Hansen Tom D.
Published: September 2023

Background

Incomplete resolution of T cell‐mediated rejection (TCMR) after treatment may not be detected with serum creatinine monitoring and is associated with donor‐specific antibodies and chronic rejection. We evaluate the utility of follow‐up biopsies (FUB) to identify and characterize rates of persistent TCMR after treatment in pediatric kidney transplant patients.

Methods

Patients from two pediatric transplant centers performing standard of care FUB at 1.5–2 months after treatment for TCMR were included. FUB were evaluated for extent of rejection resolution (complete vs. incomplete) and grade. Clinical data at time of FUB and later were reported, where available.

Results

Fifty‐eight patients underwent FUB, at mean of 1.7 months (SD 0.7) post‐index biopsy. Rejection grade on index biopsy was Banff borderline (≥i1t1 and <i2t2) in 59% and Banff ≥1A (≥i2t2) in 41%. Acute rejection was persistent in 32 (55%) of FUB. Borderline rejection had higher rates of complete resolution of rejection compared to grade ≥1A (53% vs. 33%, p = .033). Incomplete resolution of rejection on FUB was re‐treated in 25 (78%) of cases. Change in eGFR from index to FUB did not differ between those with complete and incomplete resolution (5.7 ± 32.2 vs. 13.1 ± 51.3, p = .28) and was not a sensitive marker of identifying persistent rejection.

Conclusions

FUB were effective at detecting persistent rejection, which was common among pediatric transplant patients after standard TCMR treatment. Until more effective rejection treatments or sensitive biomarkers are available, FUB may be effectively utilized to identify patients with ongoing rejection who would benefit from further treatment.
Allelopathy and allelobiosis: efficient and economical alternatives in agroecosystems
Authors: Han M. , Yang H. , Huang H. , Du J. , Zhang S. , Fu Y.
Published: September 2023

Chemical interactions in plants often involve plant allelopathy and allelobiosis. Allelopathy is an ecological phenomenon leading to interference among organisms, while allelobiosis is the transmission of information among organisms. Crop failures and low yields caused by inappropriate management can be related to both allelopathy and allelobiosis. Therefore, research on these two phenomena and the role of chemical substances in both processes will help us to understand and upgrade agroecosystems. In this review, substances involved in allelopathy and allelobiosis in plants are summarized. The influence of environmental factors on the generation and spread of these substances is discussed, and relationships between allelopathy and allelobiosis in interspecific, intraspecific, plant–micro‐organism, plant–insect, and mechanisms, are summarized. Furthermore, recent results on allelopathy and allelobiosis in agroecosystem are summarized and will provide a reference for the future application of allelopathy and allelobiosis in agroecosystem.
The effect of inequality on poverty and severity of poverty in sub‐Saharan Africa: The role of financial development institutions
Authors: Asongu Simplice , Odhiambo Nicholas M.
Published: September 2023

The present study investigates the incidence of financial institutions' dynamics of depth and access in the effect of income inequality on poverty and the severity of poverty in 42 sub‐Saharan African countries from 1980 to 2019. The Gini index is used to measure income inequality while poverty is measured as the poverty headcount ratio, and the severity of poverty is generated as the square of the poverty gap index. An interactive quantile regression approach is used as an empirical strategy. Income inequality unconditionally increases poverty dynamics while the financial institutions' depth and access mitigate the adverse effects of income inequality on poverty dynamics. Financial institutions' policy thresholds or minimum financial institution levels needed to completely dampen the adverse effects of income inequality on poverty dynamics are provided. The findings are contingent on existing levels of poverty, poverty measurement, and proxies for financial institutions. Policy implications are discussed.

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Identification of a novel HLA‐B allele, HLA‐B*54:47, in a Korean individual
Authors: Bang Hae In , Choi Sooin , Seo Miyeon , Park Moo‐Yong , Im Hwa Young
Published: September 2023

B*54:47 allele differs from B*54:01:01:01 in codon 74 in exon 2.
Discovery of the novel HLA‐C*01:143N allele, a variant of HLA‐C*01:02:01:01, in a Taiwanese individual
Authors: Lin Chun‐Ying , Chang Chia‐Ling
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HLA‐C*01:143N differs from HLA‐C*01:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 585 (C → A) in exon 3.