bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building and sustainability information modeling: An analysis of its thematic structure
Authors: Gutiérrez Alejandro Roberto Issais , Espinosa Julio Cesar Martínez
Published: February 2024

Objective. This study examines bibliographic production that addresses the intersection between building information modeling (BIM) and sustainability, considering business, academic, and scientific perspectives. The main objective is to analyze the relationship between BIM and sustainability to contextualize their development in these fields. Design/Methodology/Approach. A search was conducted in the Scopus database using the keywords "building information modeling" and "sustainability". The VOSviewer bibliometric tool was selected for thematic analysis, combining co-word analysis and the h-index. This methodology enabled the effective visualization of diagrams and thematic areas in all available publications. Results/Discussion. Four thematic groups were identified: new technologies and their applications, sustainable construction, sustainability and energy efficiency, and life cycle and environment management. A trend towards greater integration and synergy between BIM and sustainability was evident. The five main research lines around these topics were presented and discussed, which were: development of sustainability assessment methodologies based on BIM, optimization of the life cycle of buildings through BIM, innovation in sustainable materials and technologies, modeling of the resilience and adaptability of buildings, and standards and regulations for sustainability in BIM. Conclusions. The future is oriented towards BIM and sustainability due to their capacity to optimize construction efficiency, reduce waste, and promote sustainable practices.
HARNESSING THE BENEFITS OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION SCHEMES IN ECOWAS: THE PLACE OF INDIVIDUALS IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Authors: Julius Edobor
Published: February 2024

The ECOWAS integration schemes envisaged that the place of individuals will require an in-depth consideration of the role individuals play, both as beneficiaries of integration (particularly as it relates to trade liberalisation, free movement, residence and establishment) and also, as potential victims of the rough side of integration, which will necessarily require the examination of how individuals may enforce their rights under the integrative instruments. Although several attempts at creating effective regional integrative arrangements in ECOWAS have been made, it is disheartening to state that economic activities involving individuals within the ECOWAS sub-region remain at its lowest ebb. This study reiterates that despite the efforts made to ensure that the ECOWAS integration agenda is realisable, it is in doubt whether citizens of the Community have actually felt free to move in, live and establish in any part of the sub-region of their choice without any attack either on their persons or their investments. This study reveals that attacks on foreigners and their businesses in the ECOWAS region have become legendary and remain a hindrance to the realisation of the ECOWAS objectives envisaged in its legal instruments. In view of the above, this study therefore, recommends that until these identifiable challenges are curtailed, member States may lean towards adopting a protectionist approach to its economic and citizenry affairs and thus, may not be favourably disposed to ensuring full implementation of the ECOWAS Protocols on the right of movement, residence and establishment.
Regulating the Synthetic Society
Authors: van der Sloot Bart
Published: February 2024

Experts predict that in 5 years’ time, more than 90% of all digital content will be wholly or partially AI generated. In a synthetic society, it may no longer be possible to establish what is real and what is not. Central to this open access book are 4 technologies on the frontline of this trend: humanoid robots, deepfakes, augmented reality, and virtual reality.

Although they are only in their relative infancy, these technologies can already produce content that is indistinguishable from authentic material. The impact of this new reality on democracy, the judicial system, the functioning of the press, as well as on personal relationships will be unprecedented.

Van der Sloot describes the technological fundaments of each of those technologies and maps their positive uses for educational purposes as well as for the treatment of patients, for the entertainment and creative industries, and the retail and financial sectors. The book also conceptualises their negative uses for fraud, deception, exploitation, identity-theft and exploitation, and shows their deeper effects on the post-truth society, the privatisation of the public sphere, and the loss of individual autonomy and societal trust.

The book evaluates how the current European legal paradigm applies to these technologies, focussing on the right to privacy and data protection, freedom of expression, procedural law, tort law, and the regulation of AI. It discusses regulatory alternatives to solve existing regulatory gaps and shows that there are no easy answers.

The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com.
Time in the Black Experience
Authors: Adjaye Joseph K.
Published: February 2024

In the first book which deals entirely with the subject of time in Africa and the Black Diaspora, Adjaye presents ten critical case studies of selected communities in Africa, the Caribbean, and the American South. The essays cover a wide spectrum of manifestations of temporal experience, including cosmological and genealogical time, physical and ecological cycles, time and worldview, social rhythm, agricultural and industrial time, and historical processes and consciousness. The studies confirm the continuity of temporal experience among Africans from pre-colonial times, through the colonial period in Africa, across continents through slavery and Maroon societies, to present-day communities like the Gullah of the Sea Islands of South Carolina. The subject of time, now recognized to be relative rather than uniform, draws together evidence from a variety of disciplines, specifically history, linguistics, political science, anthropology, and philosophy.
The 100 Most Important Chemical Compounds
Authors: Myers Richard L.
Published: February 2024

What is a chemical compound? Compounds are substances that are two or more elements combined together chemically in a standard proportion by weight. Compounds are all around us - they include familiar things, such as water, and more esoteric substances, such as triuranium octaoxide, the most commonly occurring natural source for uranium. This reference guide gives us a tour of 100 of the most important, common, unusual, and intriguing compounds known to science. Each entry gives an extensive explanation of the composition, molecular formula, and chemical properties of the compound. In addition, each entry reviews the relevant chemistry, history, and uses of the compound, with discussions of the origin of the compound's name, the discovery or first synthesis of the compound, production statistics, and uses of the compound.
Advertising 2.0
Authors: Tuten Tracy L.
Published: February 2024

Every day, print and online trade magazines and news sources tout developments in online advertising, branding, and marketing. Seismic shifts in the industry―like major advertisers setting up shop in Second Life and other alternate realities―have forced marketers and advertisers, ready or not, to employ new advertising models. But the potholes for advertisers using Web 2.0 are many, and missteps by companies that don't understand the new rules of the game guarantee lost time and money ill spent. Advertising 2.0 ensures that readers understand the advertising options possible in the Web 2.0 environment, provides examples of companies using these options, and offers guidelines for their application.

Advertising 2.0 goes way beyond running banner ads on Web sites and explores the rapidly burgeoning world of social media marketing. Among other things, expert Tracy L. Tuten covers viral marketing, doing online research, advertising within online games, and leveraging online opinions to increase sales or grow a brand. She also describes―way out on the leading edge and sure to turn conventional advertising on its head―how smart marketers let consumers generate ad content for products and brands. While the trade press frequently publishes news of companies using innovative communications techniques, there are hardly any books telling people how to take the plunge into the newest forms of advertising. Advertising 2.0 presents the current state of online advertising, and best practices for using techniques like consumer-generated advertising, social networking, online product reviews, viral video, Second Life, alternate reality games, and more. It also includes case studies and examples of successes and mistakes. Companies and brands featured include Nine Inch Nails, Audi, 42 Entertainment, MySpace, YouTube, Dogster, Vodaphone, Leo Burnett, and others. Best, each method described includes guidelines for getting the most out of the technique, thereby letting advertisers cut through the clutter to touch the hearts of customers worldwide.
The Celluloid Courtroom
Authors: Levi Ross D.
Published: February 2024

The genre of legal cinema is an extensive and revealing one: it is a body of films that depicts lawyers, clients, criminals, judges, and juries, often not as they actually are, but as we would like them to be. The idealized courtroom of many legal movies tells us a great deal about what we think of our justice system and what we want it to reflect about America, but the films in the genre vary widely in how they do this. From To Kill a Mockingbird to Liar, Liar, from A Time to Kill to Twelve Angry Men, we see certain stereotypes repeating themselves again and again: the judge as stern referee, the jury as an ultimately fair body of decisionmakers, the lawyer as hardworking and passionate fighter for the underdog. In this new and comprehensive study of this understudied category of film, author Ross D. Levi argues that, contrary to popular belief, legal movies show us a system that is far more fair than our actual one, with corruption downplayed and greed made subordinate to compassion and compromise. With a comprehensive filmography, penetrating analysis—both cinematic and legal—and engaging discussion of a wide array of movies, The Celluloid Courtroom is an indispensable guide to a key aspect of American movies and American justice.

The genre of legal cinema is an extensive and revealing one: it is a body of films that depicts lawyers, clients, criminals, judges, and juries, often not as they actually are, but as we would like them to be. The idealized courtroom of many legal movies tells us a great deal about what we think of our justice system and what we want it to reflect about America, but the films in the genre vary widely in how they do this. From To Kill a Mockingbird to Liar, Liar, from A Time to Kill to Twelve Angry Men, we see certain stereotypes repeating themselves again and again: the judge as stern referee, the jury as an ultimately fair body of decisionmakers, the lawyer as hardworking and passionate fighter for the underdog. In this new and comprehensive study of this understudied category of film, author Ross D. Levi argues that, contrary to popular belief, legal movies show us a system that is far more fair than our actual one, with corruption downplayed and greed made subordinate to compassion and compromise.

These are films that have affected as much as reflected the American justice system, as we enter the courts hoping, often against hope, that they will be something like what we've seen in the movies. With a comprehensive filmography, penetrating analysis—both legal and cinematic—and engaging and enlightening discussion, The Celluloid Courtroom is an indispensable guide to a key aspect of American movies and American justice.
Participatory Action Research in the Development of Higher Education with Digital Media
Authors: Küsel Julian , Markic Silvija
Published: February 2024

The digitalisation of higher education has versatile potential for students and especially for pre-service teachers. Unfortunately, this potential is insufficiently used in higher education institutions. This article displays a project focusing on developing university teacher education with digital media. For this purpose, the applied model of Participatory Action Research for Higher Education will be illustrated, reflected, and discussed to share the findings and experiences of the process and facilitate future development projects. Furthermore, conditions for success, challenges, and recommendations based on this project will be provided.
IDENTIFIKASI PENGGUNAAN LAHAN PADA SUB DAS SEPAUK DAS KAPUAS KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Hutagaol Ria Rosdiana
Published: February 2024

Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) merupakan suatu ekosistem yang kompleks, dimana komponen didalamnya tidak hanya berupa komponen fisik biotik namun juga mencakup komponen sosial (masyarakat). DAS Kapuas merupakan DAS penting dan unik yang secara admisitratif terletak di Kalimantan Barat, dan salah satu Sub DAS yang terdapat didalamnya adalah Sub DAS Sepauk yang secara administratif sebagian besar wilayahnya terdapat di Kabupaten Sintang. Sub DAS Sepauk merupakan salah satu Sub DAS bagian hulu, dengan luas yaitu 123.238,33 hektar, berbentuk memanjang dengan pola aliran dendritik. Sub DAS Sepauk tidak terlepas dari berbagai aktivitas penggunaan lahan oleh masyarakat, yang cenderung merubah tutupan lahan yang berbentuk vegetasi hutan menjadi non-hutan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Sub DAS Sepauk Kalimantan Barat pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Maret 2023. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tipe atau bentuk penggunaan lahan (land use) pada Sub DAS Sepauk, DAS Kapuas, Kalimantan Barat. Dari penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan manfaat berupa informasi aktual terkait penggunaan lahan khususnya pada Sub DAS Sepauk yang menjadi bagian dari DAS Kapuas, sehingga secara praktis dapat bermanfaat dalam rangka pengelolaan DAS Kapuas Kalimantan Barat. Analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan analisis spasial dengan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG), untuk mendapatkan Peta Sub DAS Sepauk dan Peta Penggunaan Lahan pada Sub DAS Sepauk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan lahan pada Sub DAS Sepauk didominasi oleh Pertanian Lahan Kering Campuran dengan luas 9.4231,41 ha (76,46 %), diikuti oleh Hutan Lahan Kering Primer dengan luas 10,350,90 ha ( 8,40 %) dan Hutan Lahan Kering Sekunder dengan luas 9.490,06 (7,70 %).
A cluster-of-functional-groups approach for studying organic enhanced atmospheric cluster formation
Authors: Pedersen Astrid Nørskov , Knattrup Yosef , Elm Jonas
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The role of organic compounds in atmospheric new particle formation is difficult to disentangle due to the myriad of potentially important oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) present in the atmosphere. Using state-of-the-art quantum chemical methods, we here employ a novel approach, denoted the “cluster-of-functional-groups" approach, for studying the involvement of OOMs in atmospheric cluster formation. Instead of the usual “trial-and-error" approach of testing the ability of experimentally identified OOMs to form stable clusters with other nucleation precursors, we here study which, and how many, intermolecular interactions that are required in a given OOM to form stable clusters. In this manner we can reverse engineer the elusive structure of OOM candidates that might be involved in organic enhanced atmospheric cluster formation. We calculated the binding free energies of all combinations of donor/acceptor organic functional groups to investigate which functional groups that most preferentially bind with each other and with other nucleation precursors such as sulfuric acid and bases (ammonia, methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethylamine). We find that multiple carboxyl groups leads to substantially more stable clusters compared to all other combinations of functional groups. Employing cluster dynamics simulations, we investigate how a hypothetically OOM composed of multiple carboxyl groups can stablize sulfuric acid – base clusters and provide recommendations for potential atmospheric multi-carboxylic acid tracer compounds that should be explicitly studied in the future. The presented “cluster-of-functional-groups" approach is generally applicable and can be employed in many other applications, such as ion-induced nucleation and potentially in elucidating the structural patterns in molecules that facilitate ice nucleation.
Mineral dust and pedogenesis in the alpine critical zone
Authors: Munroe Jeffrey S. , Santis Abigail A. , Soderstrom Elsa J. , Tappa Michael J. , Bauer Ann M.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The influence of mineral dust deposition on soil formation in the mountain critical zone was evaluated at six sites in southwestern North America. Passive samplers collected dust for 2 years, and representative soil and rock were gathered in the vicinity of each dust sampler. All materials (dust, soil, and rock) were analyzed to determine their mineralogy (with X-ray diffraction), geochemistry (with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)), and radiogenic isotope fingerprint (87Sr/86Sr and εNd). In addition, the grain size distribution of dust and soil samples was determined with laser scattering, and standard soil fertility analysis was conducted on the soil samples. Results reveal that minerals present in the dust but absent in the local bedrock are detectable in the soil. Similarly, the geochemistry and isotopic fingerprint of soil samples are more similar to dust than to local bedrock. End-member mixing models evaluating soil as a mixture of dust and rock suggest that the fine fractions of the sampled soils are dominated by dust deposition, with dust contents approaching 100 %. Dust content is somewhat higher in soils compared to bedrock types more resistant to weathering. These results emphasize the dominant control that mineral dust deposition can exert on pedogenesis in the mountain critical zone.
Persistent warm and cold spells in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics: regionalisation, synoptic-scale dynamics and temperature budget
Authors: Tuel Alexandre , Martius Olivia
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Persistent warm and cold spells are often high-impact events that may lead to significant increases in mortality and crop damage and can put substantial pressure on the power grid. Taking their spatial dependence into account is critical to understand the associated risks, whether in present-day or future climates. Here, we present a novel regionalisation approach of 3-week warm and cold spells in winter and summer across the Northern Hemisphere extratropics based on the association of the warm and cold spells with large-scale circulation. We identify spatially coherent but not necessarily connected regions where spells tend to co-occur over 3-week timescales and are associated with similar large-scale circulation patterns. We discuss the physical drivers responsible for persistent extreme temperature anomalies. Cold spells systematically result from northerly cold advection, whereas warm spells are caused by either adiabatic warming (in summer) or warm advection (in winter). We also discuss some key mechanisms contributing to the persistence of temperature extremes. Blocks are important upper-level features associated with such events – co-localised blocks for persistent summer warm spells in the northern latitudes; downstream blocks for winter cold spells in the eastern edges of continental landmasses; and upstream blocks for winter cold spells in Europe, northwestern North America and east Asia. Recurrent Rossby wave patterns are also relevant for cold and warm spell persistence in many mid-latitude regions, in particular in central and southern Europe. Additionally, summer warm spells are often accompanied by negative precipitation anomalies that likely play an important role through land–atmosphere feedbacks.
توظيف تقنية الاستشعار عن بعد للكشف عن تغيرات التغطية النباتية لمشروع براك – أشكدة استنادا على مؤشر الاختلاف الخضري الطبيعي (NDVI)
Authors: بن يوسف خالد علي أحمد , Alshareef Ibraheem Mohamed Abdusalam
Published: February 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة لرصد وتقييم تغير الغطاء الخضري للمشروع الاستيطاني الزراعي براك اشكدة، اعتمدت الدراسة على حساب مؤشر الاختلاف الخضري الطبيعي (NDVI)على بيانات المرئيات الفضائية للقمر الصناعي Landsat لشهر أبريل لسنوات 1988، 2014، 2022. صنفت كثافة الغطاء النباتي بمنطقة الدراسة الى صنفين حسب مؤشر الاختلاف الخضري الطبيعي منطقة لا تحتوي على غطاء نباتي (أقل من 0.11) ومنطقة تحتوي غطاء خضري قليل الى كثيف (أكبر من 0.11). بينت النتائج وجود اختلاف في مساحة وكثافة الغطاء الخضري خلال وقت تفسير صور الأقمار الصناعية، سنة 2014 كانت أكثر كثافة ونسبة غطاء خضري 55.51% تم سنة 2022 بنسبة غطاء خضري 40.41 % وأقل في سنة 1988 بنسبة مساحة غطاء خضري 20.99%. توضح هذه الدراسة إمكانات تقنيات الاستشعار عن بعد لتوفير معلومات مكانية أساسية قيمة لدعم المراقبة الزراعية وتحليل أنظمة استخدام الأراضي على نطاق واسع.
A ANALISIS DESAIN KEMASAN PRODUK KOLABORASI “INDOMIE” DAN “CHOC ROCKS CONE” INDOFOOD
Authors: Agus Agus darmawan
Published: February 2024

Dalam pasar produk makanan, persaingan antar produk sangat ketat karena berlomba-lomba untuk menghadirkkan inovasi varian rasa, tekstur, dan kemasan. Kemasan pada sebuah produk bukan hanya dijadikan untuk melindungi isi produk saja, namun kemasan juga menjadi sebuah daya tarik sebagai alat pemasaran yang dapat menarik pusat perhatian dan mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis desain kemasan produk kolaborasi antara produk es krim Choc Rocks Cone dan Indomie dengan varian rasa dan kemasan yang unik yaitu Mie Goreng. Disusun dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, yaitu dengan melakukan analisis berdasarkan teori dengan menggunakan sumber literatur.
PENERAPAN SMART COMMUNICATION BOT DENGAN MODEL CHATGPT DALAM PROSES PEMILIHAN DAN PENEMPATAN OBJEK DALAM DESAIN POSTER KOMERSIL
Authors: Firman Mutaqin  , Gading Mas Algamar
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini fokus pada analisis penerapan smart communication bot, menggunakan model ChatGPT, dalam pemilihan dan penempatan objek pada desain poster komersil. Tujuannya adalah mempertimbangkan prinsip-prinsip layout ideal yang dianjurkan oleh ahli desain grafis. Desain poster memiliki peran krusial dalam pemasaran, dan pemilihan serta penempatan objek dapat memengaruhi daya tarik visual, komunikasi pesan, dan efektivitas branding. Metode Estetika birkhoff digunakan untuk memahami pengalaman pengguna terkait smart communication bot dalam desain poster. Analisis estetika Birkhoff digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas dan keselarasan visual desain, merujuk pada prinsip-prinsip layout yang diusulkan oleh ahli desain grafis. Hasil penelitian diharapkan memberikan pemahaman mendalam tentang potensi dan keterbatasan penggunaan smart communication bot dalam desain poster, dengan mempertimbangkan prinsip-prinsip layout yang ideal. Penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan rekomendasi praktis bagi desainer grafis, pemasar, dan pemangku kepentingan lainnya untuk memanfaatkan teknologi AI dengan optimal dalam meningkatkan efektivitas desain grafis. Integrasi teknologi AI dengan prinsip-prinsip layout ideal diharapkan dapat memperkaya bidang desain grafis. Metode analisis estetika Birkhoff menjadi alat efektif untuk mengevaluasi hasil layout desain yang dihasilkan.
PENGARUH FLYER PROMOSI TERHADAP MINAT BELI APARTEMEN GUNUNGPUTRI BOGOR
Authors: Achmad Dayari  , Alwin Subarkah
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh flyer promosi terhadap minat beli Apartemen Gunungputri. Di era digital saat ini desain grafis sangat penting dalam pemasaran properti, salah satunya yaitu Apartemen, karena dapat memberikan pengalaman dalam bentuk visual yang menarik dan mempengaruhi persepsi konsumen terhadap properti tersebut. Penelitian ini menggali bagaimana elemen-elemen dalam flyer promosi dapat mempengaruhi minat beli konsumen terhadap apartemen. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang melibatkan survei dan wawancara secara langsung terhadap calon pembeli apartemen. Calon pembeli diperlihatkan contoh flyer promosi yang digunakan dalam pemasaran apartemen. Selain itu, pertanyaan yang berkaitan dengan elemen flyer promosi seperti tata letak, pemilihan warna dan elemen lain diajukan. Data dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis untuk melihat pengaruh flyer promosi dan minat beli konsumen. Hasil dari penelitian yang sudah dilakukan diharapkan menjadi referensi dan dapat memberikan pemahaman tentang pengaruh flyer promosi terhadap minat beli apartemen. Penelitian ini dapat memberikan informasi mengenai pentingnya flyer promosi untuk mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian bagi konsumen.
ДЕРЕКТЕРДІ СУТАҢБАЛАРМЕН ҚОРҒАУ
Authors: Бекетова Гулжанат , Сыдыбаева Мадина , Манапова Айнур
Published: February 2024

Бұл жұмыста қазіргі заманғы биометриялық аутентификация жүйелерінің сипаттамалары интеллектуалды меншікті қорғау, су таңбаларды қолдану авторларға өз жұмыстарын рұқсатсыз  көшірмелеу мен таратудан қорғауға мүмкіндік береді. Көшірмелермен күрес, яғни тауарларға немесе қаптамаға бірегей су таңбасын қою олардың түпнұсқалығы мен шығу тегін тексеруге мүмкіндік береді. Жұмыстың мақсаты: су таңбаларды қолдана отырып, деректерді қорғау әдісін зерттеу және әзірлеу. Жұмысты орындауда авторлық құқықты қорғаудың бір түрі болып табылатын компьютерлік стеганографияның сандық су таңбасы зерттеледі. Ақпаратты рұқсаттыз қол жеткізуден қорғау, авторлық құқықтарды қорғау, шын сияқты терістеу (мойындамау) мүмкіншілігі, түсініктемелерді мультимедиялық файлдарға енгізу стеганография әдістерінің қолданылу бағыттары қарастырылады. PHP Laravel және ElectronJS көмегімен су таңбалары арқылы деректерді қорғау бағдарламасы әзірленеді.
Comparative Study of Phytochemicals present in a Polyherbal Anti-diabetic Formulation using Chemical methods and HPTLC methods
Authors: Kamath Chitra , Salvi Swarupa
Published: February 2024

The important challenge to Herbal products for their worldwide acceptance is developing the standard methods for their quality assurance. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phytochemicals present in any herbal product plays very important role in its further standardisation. BSL-150 is an Indian polyherbal, anti-diabetic tablet formulation which majorly contains leaves of Gymnemasylvestre, seeds of Syzygiumcumini, seeds of Phyllanthusemblica and bark of Tinospora cordifolia. The phytochemical analysis of the marketed tablets and in-house formulation by standard chemical methods showed presence of Alkaloids, Flavanoids, Steroids, Triterpenoids, Saponins, Tannins, Phenols, Phytosterols, Proteins, Anthraquinones, Gums and mucilages. The phytochemical analysis using HPTLC methods showed presence of Flavanoids, Steroids, Triterpenoids, Saponins, Tannins, Phenols, sterols, Anthraquinones, Essential oils, Bitter principles and coumarins. On comparison of the chemical method and HPTLC method for phytochemical screening, the chemical methods are less time consuming but they are not plant specific and general. Whereas, HPTLC methods can be plant specific and can be developed further for polyherbal formulation. Also, on the basis of intensity and Rf of a band, the selection of the phytochemicals as chemical marker for standardisation of the polyherbal product becomes easy. Thus Modern instrumental method of phytochemical screening has more advantages over the chemical method.
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Flower Distilled Water Extract Antibacterial Activity towards Streptococcus mutans: An in vitro Study
Authors: Narmada Ida Bagus , Fulan Ardhani Muhammad , Liani Ramadhani Sonya , Dwi Virgianti Inggit , Pramita Larasati Putri , Restiwulan Winoto Ervina , Patera Nugraha Alexander , binti Tengku Ahmad Noor Tengku Natasha Eleena
Published: February 2024

Dental and oral health is an essential factor that must be considered because it affects general body health. Streptococcus mutans is known to be a cause of dental plaque formation. Dental plaque is a biofilm formed by microorganisms from solid substrate bonds exopolymer matrix. Fixed orthodontic treatment in its use impacts changes in the environment and composition of the oral flora, as well as increases the amount of plaque accumulation that causes damage to hard tissue and periodontal tissue. The aim of this study is to investigate the minimum concentration of compounds in Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. extract in inhibiting metabolic activity and killing S. mutans in vitro. Methods: This study was an in vitro, the experimental study with post-test only control group design. First, H. Sabdariffa L. flower extraction was carried out with the help of distilled water, and then serial dilution was carried out to obtain various concentrations of H. Sabdariffa L. flower extract. Several S. mutans cultures were then exposed to various concentrations of H. Sabdariffa L. flower, and then a colony count was performed in each culture to identify Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). It was found that S. mutans had 0% growth at a concentration between 25% and 100%, and S. mutans had a growth of 7.1% / 92.9% growth inhibition of S. mutans at a concentration of 12.5%. MBC of roselle flower extract against S. mutans is 25% and MIC of roselle flower extract against S. mutans is 12.5%.
Isolation of New Asiatic Acid derivative from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban as Antioxidant
Authors: Nur Annisa Bunga , Mierza Vriezka , Fajriah Sofa , Triana Dewi Rizna , Angelina Marissa , Primahana Gian , Sukirno Sukirno
Published: February 2024

Centella asiatica (L.) Urban is known to have a pharmacological effect as an antioxidant. Indonesian research on gotu kola, especially the ethyl acetate fraction it produces, is rarely carried out. Previous research stated that kaempferol and quercetin which isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Centella asiatica herb had antioxidant activity with respective IC50 values of 16.50 and 21.61 μg/mL, so this study aimed to get other compounds from the ethyl acetate fraction which has antioxidant activity. The purposes of this study were to isolate, identify, and examine the free radical scavenging activity of DPPH from the ethyl acetate fraction of gotu kola (C.asiatica (L.) Urban) herb. Isolation of the ethyl acetate fraction was carried out from 70% ethanol extract of Centella asiatica plant using vacuum liquid chromatography and gravity column chromatography afforded a new asiatic acid derivative. Elucidation of a new compound based on UV-Vis, FT-IR, LC-MS/MS, 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR to get 11-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-((3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)oxy )-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-icosahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid and it had moderate antioxidant activity with IC50 of 106.99 ± 1.76 µg/mL. The pure isolate obtained is suspected to be a new compound derived from asiatic acid.
Chromatographic Profiling and Cytotoxic studies of Extracts of Buchanania lanzan Spreng and Albizia lebbeck Benth
Authors: Shrivastava Jyoti , Madhuri T. Ratna , Shah Abhishek
Published: February 2024

The various Indian systems of medicine in addition to numerous local health traditions have been successful in managing cancer across the globe using herbs. Keeping all this in mind, the present study has been taken up, to study the cytotoxic potential of B.lanzan and A.lebbeck barks. The objective of the present study is to explore the scientific basis of both plant bark for its anti-carcinogenic utility. Different extracts of plants were screened using the MTT assay technique, and potent extracts were subjected to HPTLC and HPLC to evaluate total phenolic and flavonoid present in crude extracts of plant bark. In our study, we found that the ethanolic fraction of B. lanzan had higher phenolic content 34.92 µg/mL than other fractions. While in the case of flavonoids ethyl acetate fraction of A.lebbeck contain the highest concentration 17.00 µg/mL. In the MTT assay, B. lanzan ethyl acetate extract (B-EA), ethanolic extract of B. lanzan (BE) and A. lebbeck ethyl acetate extract (L-EA) had shown an IC50 value of 113.9 µg/mL, 247.4µg/mL, 152.7µg/mL, while in A549 cells, B-EA, BE, L-EA had shown 226.9µg/mL, 269.1µg/mL, 123.3µg/mL IC50 values respectively. The effect of samples B-EA, and L-EA was found different in HeLa cell lines from the other two studies. The samples B-EA and L-EA showed the value of 91.9µg/mL and 257.1µg/mL, respectively. A. lebbeck ethanol extract (LA) did not show significant inhibition in HepG2, A549, and HeLa cells, and sample BE did not show substantial inhibition in HeLa cells. B.lanzan and A. lebbeck have a high potency to treat liver, lung and cervical cancers in vitro, although extensive pharmacological and clinical studies are required to explore inherent mechanisms in future.
The Role of Explainable AI in Building Trust and Confidence in Automated Business Processe
Authors: Dr. Biswo Ranjan Mishra Dr. R. Nadanasabai, Venkata Ramaiah Turlapati, , Dr. Lenin S Dr. Khaja Mohinuddeen J., Dr. Anurag Aeron,
Published: February 2024

Computer-based intelligence (AI) has shown significant potential in various applications, but it requires a clear understanding of the local area. This issue falls within the Reasonable simulated intelligence (XAI) field, which is crucial for the practical application of AI models. This article discusses the current work in XAI, defining explainability in machine learning and proposing a new definition. It also discusses ongoing commitments related to AI models, including Profound Learning strategies. The article suggests Dependable Computerized reasoning, a method for large-scale AI execution in real-world contexts with reliability, model logic, and responsibility at its core. The goal is to provide a comprehensive taxonomy for newcomers and professionals to embrace AI's benefits.
Plasma-Assisted N2O Oxidation (PANO) in an Industrial Direct Plasma Reactor for TOPCon Production
Authors: Bories Mathias , Polzin Jana-Isabelle , Steinhauser Bernd , Bivour Martin , Benick Jan , Hermle Martin , Glunz Stefan
Published: February 2024

Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) is an attractive tool for TOPCon production, as it enables uniformly in situ doped amorphous silicon (a-Si) and dielectric layer depositions with high throughput. However, a lean process requires in situ interfacial oxide growth in the same tool. In this work, we use Plasma-Assisted N2O Oxidation (PANO) in an industrial kHz direct plasma reactor (centrotherm c.PLASMA) to grow the oxide and deposit in situ phosphorus doped a-Si(n) as well as SiNx on asymmetric lifetime samples. Before optimization, the oxide thickness is non uniform on the wafer, and we show that it correlates with the passivation, the contact resistivity, and the doping profile in n-type TOPCon test structures. The passivation seems to benefit more from moderate in-diffusion in the case with PANO than in the case with thermal oxidation. This is probably due to enhanced field-effect passivation compensating for lower chemical passivation, which likely results from plasma-induced damage. After studying the influence of PANO process parameters on the oxide thickness and uniformity, we optimize them to obtain a non-uniformity as low as ±2% and a recombination current density down to 2.3 fA/cm² on planar wafers.
Practical Jsc Limits for SHJ Devices: Insights From Modelling
Authors: Spaans Erik M. , Venkataraj Selvaraj , Aberle Armin G. , Nampalli Nitin
Published: February 2024

Modern industrial silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells are increasingly limited by the short-circuit current density (Jsc) and there is a strong interest in understanding how much novel approaches such as window layers, novel transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) and anti-reflection coatings (ARCs) could improve the Jsc of SHJ solar cells. In this work, the practical Jsc limits of SHJ solar cells are determined using a carefully calibrated ray-tracing model, validated using empirical data from in-house solar cells as well as recently published high-efficiency front-and-back contacted (FAB) SHJ solar cells. The model is then further refined to obtain a detailed Jsc loss breakdown of the latest record efficiency FAB SHJ solar cells, for which there are no published Jsc loss breakdowns. Notable advances made in these advanced solar cells with regards to window layers, TCOs and ARCs at the cell level are analysed. Based on the magnitude of impact on the solar cell Jsc, the most critical factors for achieving high-Jsc SHJ solar cells are identified and ranked. Allowing for additional improvements and combining the best approaches identified, an estimate of the practical upper limit of Jsc for FAB SHJ solar cells is determined to be 41.81 mA/cm2. This work serves as a useful reference for the current state of play for Jsc improvements in SHJ solar cells, and highlights practical pathways and issues for improving commercial SHJ solar cells.
Performance Assessment of Cell-Separation Processes for Rear-Contact Solar Cells: Comparison of Indoor and Outdoor Measurements
Authors: Meusel Manuel , Abdallah Amir A. , Turek Marko , Hagendorf Christian
Published: February 2024

Half-cell and third-cell modules are the current module technology standard due to their enhanced electrical performance. Also, special module layouts for building or vehicle integrated photovoltaics rely on non-standard cell formats obtained by separation techniques. For either application, interdigitated back-contact (IBC) solar cells are one of the promising cell technologies due to their higher performance and more aesthetic appearance. Thus, a cell separation process, usually employing laser tools, is needed that splits the cells as partial cells are manufactured from full cells. However, this cell cutting also induces additional electrical losses. In this work, we analyze the performance of third cell mini-modules made of IBC cells in comparison to PERC cells as reference. Under standard test conditions (STC), an overall performance gain can only be found for the PERC cells, while current and recombination losses dominate the IBC mini-modules. Outdoor measurements under non-STC conditions reveal reduced performance gains under lower illumination. We show a detailed analysis regarding the performance differences of the IBC and PERC cell technologies at indoor STC and outdoor non-STC test conditions.
The Electrical Contact Solution for Measuring Back Contact Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Ning , Roescu Razvan , Buchholz Forian , Mihailetchi Valentin D.
Published: February 2024

Due to the cell design, it is challenging to measure back contact cells. In this study, we have designed and tested a contact chuck based on printed circuit board (PCB) technology. Both full cells and cut Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC) cells were tested and compared to a conventional spring-loaded probes based measurement chuck. Results show that IV parameters, especially fill factor (FF), can be measured with high accuracy and repeatability. In this case, the FF results are closer to the FF of modules. The chuck can also be used for other measurements, for example, electroluminescence and spectral response. The PCB layout can be adjusted according to the cell design, providing a more flexible, faster, and cost-effective approach than the traditional measurement chuck. The technology is suitable for measuring back contact cells in lab environments and in industry.
From Silvio Pellico to Selahattin Demirtaş: Prison Literature and Literary Polemics in Turkey
Authors: Mignon Laurent
Published: February 2024

Selahattin Demirtaş’s fiction has led to some fierce discussions in the literary world in Turkey. The polemics were a reminder that prison literature, broadly defined, always was a hotly debated genre in the literary sphere of the late Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. Indeed, the publication of a Turkish translation of a classic example of the genre—namely Silvio Pellico’s Le mie prigioni, translated by Recaizade Mahmut Ekrem in 1874—caused a vivid reaction by the Young Ottoman reformer Namık Kemal. This article looks at how the debate on the partial Turkish translation of Pellico’s memoirs that combined both aesthetic concerns and political sensitivities is not without similarities with debates about Demirtaş’s literary work. After a first part outlining varied responses to Demirtaş’s short stories and novels, the article analyses Namık Kemal’s “Mes prisons Muahazanamesi” (A Criticism of Mes prisons) and brings to the fore those aspects that were to become characteristic for future literary polemics. That Pellico’s first Ottoman Turkish critic should have been himself an author and activist who was repressed, incarcerated, and exiled for his political views and engagement, shows how essential prison literature was in the development of modern literature in Turkish.
The Mūthoi of Selahattin Demirtaş
Authors: Judy R. A.
Published: February 2024

This article is concerned with the stories of Selahattin Demirtaş, with the preposition “of” indicating Demirtaş as both the storyteller and subject of stories. For many, if not most of us, he is known as both, with the stories about him circumscribing, and often overshadowing the stories he tells. Focusing on the stories told about him and that he tells in judicial proceedings about his political speeches, as well as those he tells in his first book of short stories, Seher, it considers how those stories pose a challenge to the account about the relationship between storytelling, speech, action, and politics predominate in political philosophy since Aristotle, giving particular attention to Hannah Arendt’s critique of that account. At the crux of the stories of Selahattin Demirtaş is a fundamental contestation about the relationship between ethnicity and the nation state, whether the demand for the political and territorial integrity of the nation necessitates foreclosing on the plurality of democratic dissensus.
A Generative Design Approach to Improving the Environmental Performance of Educational Buildings in Hot Arid Climates. (Assiut National University as a Case Study)
Authors: Mady Ahmad , Elsagheer Samir , Asawa Takashi , Mahmoud Hatem
Published: February 2024

The architectural design process is complex, involving diverse objectives that may be contradictory, and on which orientation exerts significant influence. The artificial intelligence application, Generative Design facilitates solving multi-objective design dilemmas through the creation and evaluation of numerous design alternatives. However, its exploration in educational buildings in hot arid climates remains limited. Given the impact of spaces’ function distribution, this study aims to optimize it in the typical plans of educational buildings. Employing a multi-objective design approach to enhance environmental performance. The study is conducted and evaluated in national universities in Egypt as a case study, specifically in Assiut City.
The results revealed that the optimum design for a certain objective has not equated to optimal performance for other goals, highlighting an inherent contradiction between them. Among 26,334 possible alternatives for spaces’ function distribution, the difference between the optimal scenario and the least favourable one is significant for the parameters related to study spaces: natural daylighting, and visual comfort, ranging from 10% to 24%, besides around 1% difference for parameters related to the whole building, including energy consumption, thermal comfort, and carbon emission.
This research offers a framework applicable to various building types. Additionally, it encourages decision-makers to adopt a no-cost sustainable design approach.
Enhanced sensitivity of dot-immunobinding assays for the detection of antibodies in mice by the use of mild detergent extracted Trypanosoma cruzi antigens
Authors: Gaspari Elizabeth Natal de , Stolf Ana Maria S. , Abrahamsohn Ises A.
Published: February 2024

A method for a rapid and accurate demonstration of antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi by using nitrocellulose paper strips with antigens of the parasite was developed and evaluated. We report herein additional advantages of its use for the detection of specific antibody to Trypanosoma cruz i in the sera of mice. Increased sensibility without increase in the background was achieved using parasite antigens obtained by mild non-ionic detergent extraction as compared to antigens extracted by alkaline digestion.
Determinação de amido em salsichas: comparação entre os métodos de Fehling e de Somogyi-Nelson e avaliação de metodologia para extração do amido
Authors: Aued Sabria , Carvalho José Byron de , Tavares Mário , Zanelatto Ana Maria , Bacetti Liliana Brancacio
Published: February 2024

Visando comparar os métodos de Fehling (titulométrico) e de Somogyi-Nelson (espectrofotométrico) para determinação de amido em embutidos, foram analisadas cinco amostras de salsichas comerciais e sete especialmente elaboradas, contendo de O a 10% de fécula de mandioca (fonte de amido). Quando a formulação continha de 3 a 10% de fécula, os resultados foram similares pelos dois métodos, porém, entre O e 1%, não foi possível, pelo método de Fehling, a determinação de amido, enquanto em tomo de 2% conseguiram-se resultados confiáveis apenas em parte das amostras analisadas. Por sua vez, o método espectrofotométrico revelou-se reprodutível, além de simples e rápido, para toda a faixa entre O e 10% de amido e, em particular, quando se trabalhou com baixas concentrações de amido (menor que 3%). Foi testada metodologia para extração de amido em salsichas, baseada em sua fase inicial (desengorduramento e eliminação de açúcares simples) no trabalho de GLOVER e col.? Para avaliar a eficiência da extração do amido, foram realizados testes de recuperação utilizando cinco formulações de salsichas, com quantidades pré-estabelecidas de amido (entre 1 e 10%), a partir de uma formulação sem amido adicionado. Os resultados revelaram que, para a formulação com cerca de 9%...
Beta-caroteno, urucum e cúrcuma em massas alimentícias vitaminadas com ovos
Authors: Takahashi Mickiko Yamasaki , Inomata Emiko Ikejiri , Yabiku Helena Yuco , Giannatiasio Cláudia M. P.
Published: February 2024

Foram analisadas S3 amostras de massas alimentícias vitaminadas com ovos, para a pesquisa de urucum e cúrcuma, corantes não permitidos pela legislação brasileira, na presença de beta-caroteno (pró-vitamina A). Em 22 (41,51%) amostras foi detectada a presença de corantes e 22 (41,51%) amostras apresentaram teor de beta-caroteno abaixo de 200 UI/I00g, limite mínimo permitido pela legislação. A presença de urucum e/ou cúrcuma foi verificada em 77,27% das amostras com teor de beta-caroteno condenatório, o que mostra um alto índice de fraude nesses produtos.
Padronização do preparo de lisados hemoglobínicos estáveis para uso em laboratório de saúde pública
Authors: Gushiken Elena Y. , Munhoz Marcos A. Gonçalves , Kitamura Cecília , Zamfirov Vânia M. C. , Niero Luiz L.
Published: February 2024

Foram selecionadas amostras de sangue humano, com sorologia negativa para HIV e hepatite B, para se avaliar as condições de preparo e estabilidade de lisados hemoglobínicos, no monitoramento da quantificação da hemoglobina. A metodologia empregada foi um sistema de congelamento e descongelamento que originou um padrão de hemoglobina estável por 6 meses e de baixo custo operacional, que poderá ser utilizado no controle de qualidade intra e interlaboratorial do doseamento de hemoglobina.