bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efektivitas Metode Inkuiri dalam Pembelajaran PPKN untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menganalisis Kasus Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia
Authors: Siswanto Siswanto
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini didasari atas rendahnya kemampuan menganalisis kasus pelanggaran hak asasi manusia pada siswa kelas XI MIPA 1 Semester 1 SMA Negeri 2 Bojonegoro tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 mata pelajaran PPKN. Diharapkan dengan menggunakan metode inkuiri dalam pembelajaran PPKN materi pelanggaran hak asasi manusia maka prestasi belajar siswa dapat meningkat. Penelitian yang digunakan yakni PTK. Penerapan metode pembelajaran inkuiri pada mata pelajaran PPKN materi pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI MIPA 1 Semester 1 SMA Negeri 2 Bojonegoro tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Sebelum tindakan nilai siswa sebanyak 64,3 dengan kategori rendah, pada siklus I nilai siswa meningkat menjadi 74,0 dan pada siklus II nilai siswa meningkat lagi dengan nilai sebanyak 85,7 kategori baik. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan jika penerapan metode pembelajaran inkuiri pada mata pelajaran PPKN materi pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI MIPA 1 Semester 1 SMA Negeri 2 Bojonegoro tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 dari sebleum tindakan hingga siklus II sebanyak 21,4.
Peningkatan Efektivitas Belajar Matematika Materi Vektor melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom pada Siswa Kelas X MIPA 4 SMA Negeri 5 Taruna Brawijaya Jawa Timur Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020
Authors: Nurhajati Nurhajati
Published: February 2024

Penelitian yang digunakan yakni penelitian eksperimen dengan bentuk desain quasi experimental.  Kelompok yang digunakan yakni kelompok eksperimen. Pada kelompok experimen diberikan model pembelajaran flipped classroom. Penelitian ini didasarkan ada perlunya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dengan pengembangan model pembelajaran pada siswa SMA N 5 Taruna Brawijaya Jawa Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jika rata – rata nilai pre test kelas eksperimen sebanyak 55,00 dan post test sebanyak 79,67. Sedangkan kelas kontrol nilai pre test 53,00 dan post test 76,33. Dari sini dapat disimpulkan jika kenaikan rata – rata nilai kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi yakni sebanyak 24,67 dan kelas kontrol sebanyak 23,33.
Upaya Kepala Sekolah Meningkatkan Kemampuan Guru Menggunakan Voice Note Whatsapp sebagai Media Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh melalui Kegiatan Pendampingan di SDN Betek III
Authors: Lisadah Lisadah
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbekalangi dengan kemampuan guru dalam menggunakan media pembelajaran yang masih terbatas pada saat pembelajaran jarak jauh di masa pandemic. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan guru menggunakan media pembelajaran jarak jauh salah satunya yakni voice note whatsapp. Penelitian dilakukan pada saat semester 1 tahun pelajaran 20202021 pada guru SDN Betek III Kecamatan Krucil Kabupaten Probolinggo. Data diambil dari hasil observasi dan juga dokumentasi kegiatan. Sedangkan validasi data menggunakan teknik triangulasi. Hasil penelitian diketahui jika pendampingan kepala sekolah terkait penggunaan media pembelajaran berupa fasilitas  voice note whatsapp dapat meningkatkan kemampuan guru SDN Betek III. Pada siklus I rata – rata nilai guru mencapai 66,83 dengan kategori cukuo sedangkan pada siklus II kemampuan guru meningkat menjadi 86,33 dengan kategori baik.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Connecting, Orgainizing, Reflecting, Extending (CORE) berbantuan dengan Metode Mind Mapping dalam Upaya Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPA yang Memuat Getaran dan Gelombang pada Siswa Kelas VIII-H Semester 2 SMP Negeri 1 Karangrejo
Authors: Yamah Yamah
Published: February 2024

Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan diketahui jika hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII-H semester 2 SMP Negeri 1 Karangrejo Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019 masih rendah khususnya pada mata pelajaran IPA dengan materi getaran dan gelombang. Mata pelajaran IPA memang selama ini dianggap sangat sulit karen amungkin belum bisa dipahami dengan baik. Guna mneingkatkan prestasi hasil belajar siswa maka diperlukan upaya pengembangan metode yang sebelumnya konvensioan; dan dikembangkan dengan penerapan metode CORE yang berbantuan mind mapping. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan dengan 2 siklus dan setiap siklusnya ada 4 tahapan. Data yang dikumpulkan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian diketahui jika penerapan metode CORE dan mind mapping dapat meningkatkan prestasi hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII-H semester 2 SMP Negeri 1 Karangrejo Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019 pada mata pelajaran IPA dengan materi getaran dan gelombang. Pada siklus I nilai ketuntasan siswa sebanyak 62,9% dna pada siklus II menjadi 85,7%.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Menulis Report text Melalui Pendekatan Keterampilan Proses di Kelas IX-F SMP Negeri 1 Karangrejo Tulungagung Semester 1 Tahun pelajaran 2019/2020
Authors: Retnowati Retnowati
Published: February 2024

Penelitian yang telah dilakukan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis report text dengan pendekatan keterampilan proses di kelas IX-F SMP Negeri 1 Karangrejo Tulungagung Semester 1 Tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Penelitian ini dilatarrbelakangi denggan hasil belajar siswa yang masih rendah dalam menulis report text. Penelitian menggunakan penelitian tindakan dengan 2 siklus penelitian. Setiap siklusnya dimulai dengan perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jika pendekatan keterampilan proses di kelas IX-F SMP Negeri 1 Karangrejo Tulungagung Semester 1 Tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 dapat meningkatkan keterampilan menulis reprt text siswa. Pada siklus I didapatkan hasil jika ketuntasan siswa sebanyak 67,7% dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 93,5%.
Meningkatkan Kompetensi Paedagogik Guru Dalam Memilih Model Pembelajaran Melalui Supervisi Akademik Di SMP Negeri 1 Ngantru
Authors: Wahyudi Imam
Published: February 2024

kemampuan pengelolaan proses dalam sebuah pembelajaran dan memiliki tujuan dalam penelitian ini memberdayakan para pengajar dengan mengembangkan kemampuan dan melihat tingkat keprofesionalisme, kemampuan pedagogik merupakan pengembangan dari supervisi akademik. Persentase pembelajaran menggunakan kemampuan pedagogik sebelum diberikan dan sesudah diberikan perlakuan memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan. Pada pengulangan pertama mendapatkan persentase rata-rata 62% sampai 65% setelah dilakukan pengulangan kedua terjadi peningkatan persentase menjadi 80% sampai 89%. Sangat terlihat dengan mengembangkan kemampuan pengajar dengan supervisi terjadi peningkatan 20%. Mengartikan bahwa pengembangan ini memberikan dampak positif dan bisadikembangkan dengan variabel yang berbeda.
Penerapan Model Mind Mapping dengan Menggunakan Media Gambar untuk Meningkatkan Kreativitas Siswa Kelas V Mata Pelajaran IPS di SDN Klenang Kidul II Kecamatan Banyuanyar Kabupaten Probolinggo Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020
Authors: Wibowo Sarwo Edi
Published: February 2024

Berdasarkan hasil observasi sebelumnya yang dilakukan disekolah SDN Klenang Kidul II tepatnya dikelas V diketahui bahwa dalam pembelajaran guru sudah menggunakan media gambar sebagai alat bantu untuk mengajar, guru juga sudah menerapkan metode pembelajaran. Namun, hal tersebut masih kurang dalam meningkatkan kreativitas siswa. Pada saat proses pembelajaran guru juga sudah menerapkan beberapa model pembelajaran tetapi belum pernah menerapkan model pembelajaran mind mapping. Siswa juga masih kurang dalam mengemukakan pendapatnya sehingga siswa cenderung lebih banyak diamnya sehingga tingkat kekreativitasnya dalam belajar masih sangat kurang serta membuat hasil pembelajarannya tidak sesuai dengan apa yag diingikan. Yang merupakan rumusan dalam penelitian ini yaitu 1. Bagaimana aktivitas guru dalam penerapan model pembelajaran Mind Mapping dengan menggunakan media gambar pada pembelajaran IPS di kelas V SDN Klenang Kidul II. 2. Bagaimana aktivitas siswa dalam penerapan model pembelajaran Mind Mapping dengan menggunakan media gambar pada pembelajaran IPS di kelas V SDN Klenang Kidul II. 3. Bagaimana kreativitas siswa dalam penerapan model pembelajaran Mind Mapping dengan menggunakan media gambar pada pembelajaran IPS di kelas V SDN Klenang Kidul II. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah PTK, yang menjadi subjek dari penelitian ini yaitu siswa di kelas V SDN Klenang Kidul II berjumlah 41 siswa. Adapun cara mengumpulkan data pada penelitian ini yaitu dengan menggunakan lembar observasi aktivitas guru, aktivitas siswa dan rubrik kreativitas siswa, data tersebut akan dihitung memnggunakan rumus. Adapun nilai yang diperoleh memperlihatkan aktivitas guru di siklus I yaitu 71,73% dan meningkat pada siklus II yaitu 96,73% , sedangkan pada aktivitas siswa pada siklus I memperoleh nilai 70,65% meningkat pada siklus II 94,56%. Adapun kreativitas siswa pada siklus I 58,53% dan meningkat pada siklus II 85,35%. Berdasarkan permasalahan yang telah dipaparkan maka dapat dikatakan bahwa dengan menerapkannya model pembelajaran mind mapping mampu meningkatkan kreativitas siswa.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru Dalam Menyusun Perangkat Pembelajaran Kurikulum 2013 Melalui Pendampingan Dan Bimbingan Berkelanjutan Pada Guru MI Negeri 11 Blitar Kecamatan Kademangan Kabupaten Blitar Semester I Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022
Authors: Wahyuni Zakiyah
Published: February 2024

Pada Dasarnya Guru MI Negeri 11 Blitar Telah Mengikuti Pelatihan Kurikulum 2013 Namun Masih Banyak Mengalami Kesulitan Menyusun  Perangkat Pembelajaran Kurikulum 2013 Sesuai Peremedikbud 103 Tahun 2014. Hasil Monitoring Dan Evaluasi Kepala Madrasah Menunjukkan Bahwa Hanya 10% Dari  Semua Guru 10 Orang Yang Bisa Menyusun  Perangkat Pembelajaran Terbaru Tersebut. Salah Satu Faktor Penyebab Adalah Kurang Sosialisasi  Pelatihan Kurikulum 2013 Kepada Teman Sejawat.Padahal MI Negeri 11 Blitar Merupakan Salah Satu MI Inti Yang Menerapkan Kurikulum 2013 Di Kabupaten Blitar. Kondisi Tersebut Dipengaruhi Oleh : (1) Kesibukan Guru, (2) Kurang Adanya Pendampingan Dan Bimbingan  Dan (3) Kurang Sosialisasi.

Terkait Dengan Permasalahan Di Atas, Perlu Adanya Bantuan Penanganan Yang Memadai. Dalam Hal Ini Upaya Yang  Dilakukan Adalah Dengan Melaksanakan Pendampingan Dan Bimbingan Berkelanjutan, Yang Bertujuan  Pada Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru Melalui Siklus Yang Sistematis. Analisa Data Yang Dilaksanakan Menggunakan Analisa Diskriptif Kualitatif. Penelitian Dilakukan Dengan Tahapan Siklus, Masing-Masing Siklus Terdiri Dari 4 (Empat) Langkah Meliputi : Perencanaan, Pelaksanaan, Pengamatan Dan Refleksi. Hasil Penelitian Ini,6 Guru Dari Sekolah Yang Menjadi Subyek Penelitian, Semuanya Menunjukkan Peningkatan Kompetensi Sesuai Dengan Indikator Keberhasilan Yang Telah Ditetapkan. Saran Yang Diajukan Adalah : (1) Perlu Diintensifkan Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru Dalam Menyusun  Perangkat Pembelajaran Kurikulum 2013  Melalui Kegiatan Pendampingan Dan Bimbingan Berkelanjutan (2) Untuk Meningkatkankompetensi Guru, Sekolah, Perlu Adanya Wahana Semacam Kelompok Belajar Guru, Agar Mereka Dapat Saling Bertukar Pengalaman Melalui Dialog Akademis.
Penerapan Explicit Intruction dalam Upaya Peningkatan Prestasi belajar Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan yang Memuat Penetapan pancasila sebagai dasar negara Pada Siswa Kelas VII-A Semester 1 SMP Negeri 3 Kalidawir Tulungagung Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018
Authors: Junaika Hartati
Published: February 2024

Hasil observasi yang telah dilakukan oleh guru mneghasilkan nilai siswa yang masih rendah. Data menunjukkan jika dari 36 siswa diketahui hanya 13 siswa yang menpapai nilai diatas KKM. Siswa banyak mengalami kesulitan dalam mmepelajari penetapan pancasila sebagai dasar negara pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan. Strategi yang dilakukan guru adalah dengan menerapkan Explicit Intruction yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan nilai siswa agar mendapatkan nilai diatas KKM. Penerapan Explicit Intruction  dilakukan dalam penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari 2 siklus tindakan. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan jika dengan diterapkannya Explicit Intruction maka diketahui dapat meningkatkan nilai ketuntasan siswa Kelas VII-A Semester 1 SMP Negeri 3 Kalidawir Tulungagung  Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018 dalam mempelajari mata pelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan yang Memuat Penetapan pancasila sebagai dasar negara. Hal tersebut bisa dilihat dari tindakan siklus I siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 63,9% dan mengalami trend peningkatan pada siklus II sebanyak 88,9%.
Peningkatan Kemampuan dan Memahami Materi Bentuk Pangkat, Akar, dan Logaritma dengan Menerapkan Pendekatan RME (Realistic Mathematics Education) Siswa Kelas X MIA-4 SMA Negeri 1 Pacet Mojokerto Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019
Authors: Ghozali Imam
Published: February 2024

Karena pengalaman pendidikan biasanya terjadi melalui latihan-latihan yang diikuti dan dialami oleh siswa, maka diyakini siswa akan benar-benar ingin menghayati materi dan merasa lebih berarti dengan pembelajaran konstruktivis dan pendekatan RME (Realistic Mathematics Education). Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) Pengelolaan pembelajaran oleh guru, (2) Aktivitas siswa dalam proses pembelajaran dan (3) Ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa. Untuk tahun ajaran 2018–2019, 34 siswa kelas X MIA-4 SMA Negeri 1 Pacet Mojokerto semester ganjil dijadikan sebagai subjek penelitian. Penelitian ini terutama berkaitan dengan materi Bentuk Pangkat, Akar dan Logaritma. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) dan Lembar Kegiatan Siswa merupakan perangkat pembelajaran yang digunakan. Selain itu, soal tes dan lembar observasi aktivitas guru dan siswa digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hasil belajar. Kesimpulan berikut dapat ditarik dari analisis data penelitian jika kapasitas pendidik untuk mengawasi pembelajaran konstruktivis telah meningkat sebagai akibat dari pendekatan RME selama tiga siklus. Tanggapan siswa terhadap penggunaan model pembelajaran konstruktivis dalam hubungannya dengan pendekatan RME  sangat baik, khususnya jumlah siswa yang menjawab "setuju". Untuk setiap satu dari tiga siklus, gerakan pendidik selama pembelajaran diperluas, dengan peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus dan dari siklus II ke siklus III. Aktivitas siswa selama pembelajaran mengalami peningkatan pada ketiga siklus, terutama pada siklus I, dimana siswa lebih banyak menyimak, menyelesaikan tugas, membaca, dan berdiskusi.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika Materi Volume Kubus dan Balok dengan Metode PBL (Problem Based Learning) pada Siswa Kelas VI SDN 2 Kepatihan Kecamatan Tulungagung Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018
Authors: Miatun Miatun
Published: February 2024

Masalah utama dalam penelitian ini adalah rendahnya hasil belajar Matematika pada materi volum kubus dan balok siswa Kelas VI semester I di SD Negeri 2 Kepatihan kecamatan Tulungagung Kabupaten Tulungagung tahun pelajaran 2017/2018, sehingga berimplikasi pada rendahnya hasil belajar Matematika. Kemampuan memahami konsep merupakan bagian terpenting dalam keberhasilan pembelajaran, disinilah peran seorang guru menempati garis terdepan dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Selama ini guru mengajar masih mementingkan pencapaian target kurikulum dan guru sebagai pusat pembelajaran atau disebut dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan pendekatan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK).Yang terdiri dari 4 tahapan yaitu : perencanaan, pelaksanaan , pengamatan dan refleksi. Alat pengumpul data yang digunakan terdiri instrumen pembelajaran, evaluasi (tes dan non tes) serta instrumen observasi bagi guru dan bagi siswa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan 2 siklus pembelajaran dan setiap siklus terdiri dari 2 pertemuan. Subyek yang diteliti adalah siswa Kelas VI semester I di SD Negeri 2 Kepatihan kecamatan Tulungagung Kabupaten Tulungagung tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 yang terdiri dari 27 siswa laki-laki dan 14 siswa perempuan dengan jumlah 41 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum perbaikan pembelajaran siswa yang tuntas KKM ≥ 65 hanya 10 siswa dari 41 siswa (24.39%). Pada Perbaikan pembelajaran siklus I siswa yang tuntas KKM ≥ 65 meningkat menjadi 31 siswa ( 75.61 Dan pada perbaikan pembelajaran siklus II siswa yang tuntas KKM ≥ 65 meningkat lagi menjadi 41 siswa ( 100%).
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Merawat Tanaman Hias Bunga Potong melalui Metode Inquiry Learning
Authors: Yunita Rita
Published: February 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: 1). Mendeskripsikan kemampuan siswa dalam merawat tanaman hias bunga potong melalui metode inquiry learning. 2) Mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan metode inquiry learning. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Keberhasilan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dalam hal merawat tanaman hias bunga potong di kelas XII ATPH SMK Negeri 1 Pusakanagara Kabupaten Subang membuktikan adanya kemajuan yang maksimal sehingga permasalahan pembelajaran ATPH terpecahkan dengan memperlihatkan hasil yang baik, dengan pendekatan metode inquiry learning. Solusi yang sesuai dan tepat yaitu Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) menjadikan perubahan yang drastis dimana siswa menjadi aktif, kreatif dan kritis dalam mengikuti materi pembelajaran tentang merawat tanaman hias bunga potong telah memperlihatkan kenaikan yang signifikan dari 35,71% di Siklus I dan meningkat menjadi 100% di Siklus II. Maka metode inquiry learning menjadi metode unggulan di dalam Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) ini. Sehingga tujuan dari Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) untuk siswa kelas XII ATPH menjadi terpenuhi dan terlihat jelas hasil perubahannya.
Implementasi Metode Pembelajaran Simulasi Guna Meningkatkan Pemahaman Materi Sejarah Uang Dalam Pelajaran IPS
Authors: Parnyoto Parnyoto
Published: February 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian adalah (1) Untuk menjelaskan dampak pembelajaran Simulasi terhadap hasil belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial. (2) Menjelaskan bagaimana pemahaman dan penguasaan mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial setelah diterapkannya pembelajaran Simulasi. Metode penelitian ini adalah action research dengan 3 siklus. Masing-masing siklus terdiri dari: rancangan, kegiatan dan pengamatan, refleksi, dan refisi. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas III. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh siklus I (68.58.00%,), siklus II (81.81%), siklus III (100%). Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Simulasi dapat berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi belajar Kelas III SDN Menang Kecamatan Pagu Kabupaten Kediri Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019, serta model pembelajaran ini dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternative pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial.
Bakır-Gümüş (Cu-Ag) sistemi faz diyagramı
Authors: İDER Muhsin
Published: February 2024

Bakır-Gümüş (Cu-Ag) termodinamik veri tabanı Calculation of Phase Diagram (CALPHAD) metodu kullanılarak en son deneysel verilerin kıyaslamalı analizi ile optimize edildi. Gümüşçe zengin katı fazında maksimum bakır çözünürlüğü mol kesri olarak 0.095 bulundu. Bakır zengin katı fazında maksimum gümüş çözünürlüğü mol kesri olarak 0.046 hesaplandı. Rastlantısal karışım teorisi katı yüzey merkezli kübik fazı ve sıvı fazı Gibbs enerjilerini modellemek için kullanıldı. En güncel deneysel bakır aktivitesi değerleri ve karışma entalpisi verileri optimizasyon prosesinde dikkate alındı. Optimize edilen veri tabanından ötektik sıcaklığı 1052.3 Kelvin olan karakteristik bir ötektik Cu-Ag faz diyagramı hesaplandı. Bu kıyaslamalı veri analizi çalışmasından elde edilen termodinamik özellikler ve hesaplanan faz diyagramı en son deneysel verilerle önceki optimizasyon çalışmalarından daha uyumlu bulundu.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CLASSICAL AND MODERN THEORIES OF POPULATION MIGRATION
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Chavykina Mariya A. , Pakhomov Sergei V. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities
Published: February 2024

The article considers classical and modern theories of population migration developed by Western researchers, the study of which allows us to explain the emergence and development of migration processes. The contribution of Russian researchers to the study of certain aspects of migration is reflected. In the course of the study, general and particular characteristics of the considered theories are highlighted. It is shown that classical theories consider migration mainly from the point of view of an economic approach. In modern theories, migration is considered from the point of view of a systematic approach, which, on the one hand, allows considering it as the result of individual decisions, the adoption of which is influenced by certain structural factors, and, on the other hand, allows one to analyze migration in the context of global flows of capital and goods, the actions of global and regional economic, political, cultural and other factors.
FORMATION OF A MECHANISM FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FOREIGN POLICY POWERS OF GOVERNORS-GENERAL IN EASTERN SIBERIA (SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH - BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY)
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Kulikov Vladimir I.
Published: February 2024

The article analyzes the mechanism of implementation of the foreign policy powers of the Governors-General of Eastern Siberia and the Far East. Formed with the direct participation of M.M. Speransky, the East Siberian Governorate-General, and after its separation, the Amur and Irkutsk, had a long border with China, the expansion of contacts with which, and subsequently with Japan and Korea led to the creation of bodies for exercising foreign policy powers of governors-general. The article focuses on the institute of a diplomatic official under the East Siberian, Amur and Irkutsk GovernorsGeneral. Being under the dual subordination of the regional Governor–General and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, diplomatic officials helped to ensure greater coherence in the actions of the Center and the regions in the implementation of the state’s foreign policy activities and to minimize the interdepartmental contradictions that arose.
DYSTOPIANISM IN THE PROSE OF POSTMODERN WRITERS (V. PELEVIN)
Authors: Kovalenko A. , Hu Jiarui
Published: February 2024

The article explores the role and the place of Utopia and Dystopia in Victor Pelevin's novels. Traditions of “classical dystopia” in his novels disclosed, at the same time the presence of a Meta-genre modification observed. The novels may hardly attributed either to Utopia or to Dystopia in “pure form”. Actually, they are balancing in a space where a parody of Soviet Utopia coexists with a satirical depiction of bourgeois consumer Utopianism. The creative method of the writer reveals a special ideological complex of Distopianism in the absence of “canonical” samples of the Meta-genre. Principles of postmodern aesthetics bring new features to the concept of the Meta-genre. Pelevin's work exists in the range between private Dystopias (like alchemical marriage of the West and the East) and total Dystopianism, which perceives the world as a universal illusion. Illusion is not only possible (or impossible) social harmony, but the World in general as well. From this point of view, the image of Emptiness is interpreted because of mutual annihilation of two ideological vectors of the novel.
PAUSE: ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONTEMPORARY LITERARY SITUATION
Authors: Golubkov M.
Published: February 2024

In the literature of the last decade, new motives have appeared, which form “value centers” in the “ideological outlook” of modernity, to use the words by M. Bakhtin. They define the problems of modern Russian literature. But turning to them does not show acquisitions, but rather an intensive search, the need for which is great. Literature as a sphere of social consciousness records the dramatic lack of certain existential landmarks of modern man. The article contains an attempt to identify some of these value centers that can provide modern man with social and ontological guidelines. Among them are the problem of time, historical themes, nostalgia, and the search for the image of a modern leader.
INTERTEXTUALITY IN THE NOVELS BY E. KATISHONOK
Authors: Moteyunaite I.
Published: February 2024

The article analyzes the novelistic work of E. Katishonok. In her novels the author adheres to his own aesthetic program, essentially realistic and postmodern in form. Katishonok, in the spirit of postmodernist trends, affirms the reality of consciousness that transforms life “close to the text,” which becomes clearer in the endings of novels, in which the image of the subject of speech / “a creative person” appears. References to previous texts become markers of aesthetic convention and at the same time serve to destroy it. In addition, the genre-specific dynamics of the texts on which the author relies (fairy tale - epic - novel), reflecting the process of individualization of the subject of speech in the narrative over the centuries, coincides with the evolution of the image of the narrator in her novels.
POETRY BY N.A. KLYUEV AND OLD BELIEVER ICONOGRAPHY
Authors: Xu Liu
Published: February 2024

Poetry of N.A. Klyuev has a special system of images and a deep religious sense. The origins of Klyuev’s poetic world are closely connected with culture and tradition of Old Believers, and with culture of Ancient Russia in general. Klyuev knew well and highly valued ancient Russian icons, his poems contain a lot of information about the meaning and existence of icons in the life of the people; historical memories and realities are also perceived and consecrated by the poet through the prism of the icons. In this article we will try to give some information about Old Believer icons in the life and work of the poet, compare the figurative world of the poet’s work with the iconographic and theme features of Old Believer icons, analyze the possible connections of the poet’s poetic worldview, his religious and historiosophical ideas with the tradition of Old Believer icons.
NON-TRADITIONAL GENRES IN THE POETRY OF SASHA CHERNY
Authors: Afanaseva E.
Published: February 2024

The article examines the non-traditional genres of Sasha Cherny as the author's attitude to new genre forms. For the analysis of 13 non-traditional genres mentioned by the poet in the title complex, album lyrics and watercolor were selected. Album poetry is interpreted as a smallmeta-genre in the larger meta-genre of "satire and lyrics"; watercolor - as a precedent for the creation of a multi-genre poem.
FATHERS AND CHILDREN: INTELLIGENTSIA AT THE CROSSROADS (A.P. CHEKHOV, D.S. MEREZHKOVSKY, A.P. PLATONOV)
Authors: Kirillina O.
Published: February 2024

At the turn of the XIX-XX centuries the intelligentsia rethought the principles of the “fathers”, the spiritual leaders of 1840-1860s. Merezhkovsky believed that the duty of the intelligentsia is to inspire and guide the people, and for this they need to abandon the desire “downwards”, that is, from sacrifice, idealization of the people. Out of love for the distant, for God-manhood and hatred for the present, for man, for Russia, he believed, an inspired sermon could be born that the people would hear. Merezhkovsky appreciated in the “fathers” their hatred, their extremes. Unlike Merezhkovsky, Chekhov believed that it is not outstanding personalities, but modest, patient workers who can change the world. Chekhov did not disdain to plunge into routine; thepathos of sublime struggle was not close to him. Platonov believed that culture is a past stage, because it is necessary to transform reality directly, and not in fantasy. For him, routine, mistakes, hatred are soil fertilized with humus, from which a new world will be born. Creativity, in his opinion, has the greater value the less individuality of the author it contains and the more the voice of the people is heard. Over time, the concept of the writer as an “engineer of human souls” became close to him.
POEMS BY BORIS SLUTSKY IN VALERIA L. LEIBOVICH SAMIZDAT COLLECTION (SELECTION AND VERSIONS OF TEXTS)
Authors: Zykova G.
Published: February 2024

A samizdat collection of Boris Slutsky’ poems, apparently compiled no later than the first half of the 1960s and deposited in the personal collection of Valeria L. Leibovich (born in 1939, a graduate of the Faculty of History of Moscow University, a staff member of the Fundamental Library of the Social Sciences) is considered as a possible source of author's textual versions, as well as evidence of poems popularity. Among the most significant (compared to the published versions) variations the version of the famous poem «God» is cited and evaluated as an early one.
BORIS PASTERNAK’S NOVEL “DOCTOR ZHIVAGO” AS A PRETEXT TO VLADIMIR SOROKIN’S NOVEL “DOCTOR GARIN”
Authors: Matyakh V.
Published: February 2024

The article examines the similarities between B. Pasternak’s novel “Doctor Zhivago” and V. Sorokin’s novel “Doctor Garin”. Based on the analysis of compositional, stylistic and conceptual elements of the text, the article proposes a thesis that B. Pasternak’s symbolist novel is a pretext to V. Sorokin’s metamodernist novel. “Doctor Zhivago” and “Doctor Garin” show the connection between 3 major concepts in Russian culture: “road”, “life”, “history”. Based on the similarity between the view of history (presented in both texts), the article compares two main characters of the novels: Yurii Zhivago and Platon Garin.
PROSE BY ROMAN MIKHAILOV IN THE CONTEXT OF THE QUESTS OF “CHINARI” AND METAREALISTS: TYPOLOGICAL PARALLELS
Authors: Semina A.
Published: February 2024

In the article the author observes the prose by R. Mikhailov in the context of the previous literary tradition. It seems that the writer is close to the image of the heralds, that appears in the works by Ya. Druskin and D. Kharms, as well as the metarealist technique of inside-out . Parallels are drawn between the specific understanding of the terrible in the work by L. Lipavsky “A Study of Horror” and the corresponding reflections in the texts by R. Mikhailov about suddenly revealed vitality and unsteady structures.
BULGAKOV AND SHOLOKCHOV IN THE LITERARY CRITICISM OF THE FIRST WAVE OF RUSSIAN EMIGRATION
Authors: Rudenko M.S.
Published: February 2024

The question of how the first wave of emigration evaluates the works of Bulgakov and Sholokhov is far from simple. While Bulgakov is perceived by emigrants as a Soviet, or at least “sub-Soviet” writer, such definitions are not given to Sholokhov. It is obvious that Sholokhov is perceived as a writer of the first rank, a singer of the Cossacks, and the creator of a wide epic canvas. The completely socialist realist “Virgin Soil Upturned” also receives a fairly positive assessment. At the same time, critics are obviously biased towards Bulgakov. He is valued as a satirist, but his position in “The White Guard” and especially in “Days of the Turbins” is regarded rather as Soviet, and his objectivity is sometimes interpreted as slander. If Sholokhov is perceived almost without criticism, then critical arrows fall on Bulgakov not only from Khodasevich and Adamovich, who seem to be quite unanimous on this issue, but also from a number of connoisseurs of Russian literature.
“THE WORDS ARE YOURS, BUT THE ORDER OF THE WORDS IS MINE” (ON THE CREATIVE METHOD OF L.A. ANNINSKY)
Authors: Lileeva A.
Published: February 2024

The article analyzes the genre and stylistic features of Lev Anninsky’s critical articles, the image of the author and his interpretative strategy, the problems of his key articles and books.
CONCEPTUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LITERARY DETAIL IN LITERARY STUDIES OF THE XX - EARLY XXI CENTURIES
Authors: Loskutnikova M.
Published: February 2024

It is emphasizes that the reliability of the detail is related to the author's teleology. Literary detail reveals both the typical value significance of the depicted, which has a modeling ability, and the limitless possibilities of the author’s individualization of the image. In the compositional organization of the artistic whole, plot details play a special role. In the individual creative mode of architectonics, details form the motive and set the rhythm of the whole.
M.M. BAKHTIN IN THE SPACE OF SOVIET LITERARY STUDIES OF 1950S
Authors: Dubrovskaya S. , Maslova E. , Osovsky O.
Published: February 2024

The article examines episodes of M.M. Bakhtin's personality and ideas in the 1950s. Based on the analysis of materials found in the scholar's personal archive, the testimonies of contemporaries, and surviving correspondence, it is concluded that M.M. Bakhtin's name and works during this period were known to a much larger circle of scholars than previously thought, and that the dialogue with Bakhtin about Dostoevsky was becoming an important part of Soviet Dostoevsky studies in the second half of the 1950s.
FOLKLORE TRADITION OF GOOD WISHES (YORYAL) IN THE POETRY OF MIKHAIL KHONINOV
Authors: Khaninova R.
Published: February 2024

In the poetry of the classic Kalmyk literature of the twentieth century. Mikhail Khoninov (1919-1981) folklore tradition of the genre of good wishes (yoryal) was embodied in a number of poems and poems. The poet's good wishes are created both in the aspect of ritual poetry (yoryal for a newborn, yoryal for the house, yoryal for food, etc.) and in the aspect of modern reality (yoryal for the party, yoryal for the new year, yoryal for study, etc.). The folklore tradition of well-wishing, characteristic of Kalmyk poetry of the last century, on the one hand, demonstrated a synthesis of genres, on the other, the interaction of oral folk art and literature with the preservation of the national system of versification.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE IMAGE OF THE DIFFERENT IN I. MAMAEV-NAILZ’S NOVEL “THE YEAR OF PORN”
Authors: Khromova D.
Published: February 2024

The image of the Different is one of the most discussed issues in modern literary discourse. The dichotomy of one's own and another's is reflected in many stories of world culture. In modern literature, the attitude towards the Different is represented by two opposing models: rejection and appropriation of the Different, through the borrowing of a cultural form. The article will examine the image of the Different and its transformation in modern Russian literature based on the prose work of the Yoshkar-Ola writer Ilya Mamaev-Nailz.
ACCULTURATION: THE VIEW OF THE OTHER (BASED ON THE PLAY “JUTE” BY O. ZHANAIDAROV)
Authors: Nechaeva A.L.
Published: February 2024

The article examines the refraction of the concept of Other in the discourse of acculturation. Playwrighter Olzhas Zhanaidarov tests all possible ways of accepting one culture by another, but it turns out that a foreign culture becomes a “stranger”; he is not perceived in his “otherness.” Hence, the only effective means of comprehending the Other - violence - arises in the impossibility of another form of cultural interaction. The playwright explores in detail the features of the Other’s gaze, using New-Drama’s aesthetics to reflect them.
THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL CONCEPT OF RUSSIA IN Y.P. KUZNETSOV'S POEM “FEDORA”
Authors: Nikolaeva S.
Published: February 2024

The article deals with historiosophical meaning of the verses by J.P. Kuznetsov “Fedora”. It is concluded that the poet defines the essence of the current historical moment in the fate of Russia in 1993, outlines historical Parallels with previous eras, enters into a polemic with Chaadaev and Vyazemsky, develops the ideas of Dostoevsky and Blok. In the center of attention Yu.P. has the way of Russia in world history, the “Russian idea”, which is not a movement in a circle or on a curve, without a goal, as Chaadaev believed, not trampling on the spot, but a conscious and bequeathed by the ancestors of standing on their own, forward movement through disasters and rebirth. The poet's idiostyle is subordinate to the solution of this artistic problem.
“ARE YOU GOING TO TELL A CHILD ABOUT THIS?”: NARRATIVE STRATEGIES OF MEMORY TRANSLATION IN MODERN TEENAGE PROSE ABOUT THE VILLAGE
Authors: Gaponova Zh. , Nikkareva E.
Published: February 2024

Modern literature for children and adolescents, being an ideal laboratory for working with identity, turns to the representation of the theme of the village, traditionally perceived as the «guardian of national spiritual values and traditions». In the article, based on the material of E. Basova's novels «Sashka is the scientist and Dimka is the Bully» and «The Traces», O. Kolpakova «Superpowers by inheritance. My Soviet grandfathers» examines the features of reception and transformation of the tradition of "village prose", in which the history of the country «emerges» through family history. The representation of the world of a village living according to its own, long established - original - orders, allows the authors to actualize the constants of the Russian national picture of the world, such as «genus», «family», «house», «peasant labor», «neighborhood» and the idea of the connection of times, which allows the authors to focus on the realized progenitors (grandmothers, grandfathers) of teenage heroes in narrative strategies of memory translation. The attitude towards the grandson as an heir, and the narrative being built as an "intermediary" between private memories and collective memory (family, village, people), the choice of a mythopoetic and parable strategy for the embodiment of an artistic whole, allow us to talk about the installation implemented in modern teenage prose about the village to verbalize the mechanisms of inheritance and transformation of traditional values.
“GRANDFATHER MAXIM'S STORY ABOUT THE SEVASTOPOL DEFENSE DURING THE CRIMEAN WAR” BY O.E. NAKKO: PROBLEMS AND POETICS OF STORIES FOR CHILDREN
Authors: Oktyabrskaya-Kisnichan A.
Published: February 2024

The article provides a hermeneutic analysis of O.E. Nakko's educational story through the prism of the study of the problematic and poetics of this work. The specificity of the story as a work addressed to a children's audience, built as a memory story, is revealed. The emphasis is on the study of the figurative system of the work, the typology of characters, as well as the relevance of the theme of memory, the problem of heroism, etc.
THE FORGOTTEN EHRENBURG IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FRENCH MEDIA
Authors: Galay K.
Published: February 2024

I.G. Ehrenburg was a writer, poet, publicist, whose creative legacy can be called an important asset of Russian literature of the twentieth century. The writer, who lived for a long time both in Russia and abroad, was also known in France - his figure was quite significant for the French readers and he was mentioned in various French weeklies. Moreover, he was invited as a journalist, wrote articles himself and gave interviews to French newspapers and magazines. A huge interest in the personality of Ilya Ehrenburg appeared during the Second World War: he was spoken of as a “combat writer”, as a supporter of Franco-Soviet relations, and as a great traveller. And, of course, the French media could not miss Ehrenburg's novel “The Fall of Paris”. In the 90s of the twentieth century, various biographical books about Ehrenburg are published, in which he, from one point of view, was called “a mediocre novelist”, “a weak writer”, but “the embodiment of the era”, and from another point of view - “a travelling Jew” and “a man of conviction”, “a nomad of the world” and “a missionary of culture”. In modern times, we only encounter references to the name of Ilya Ehrenburg as an outstanding journalist, a writer from the 'first wave' of emigration, who stood as a symbol of his era.
THE LIVES OF THE HOLY MARTYR HILARION (TROITSKY) IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MODERN LIVES OF THE NEW MARTYRS AND CONFESSORS
Authors: Surovtseva E.
Published: February 2024

In line with our research on modern lives of saints, in particular the lives of the New Martyrs and confessors, a comparative analysis of different versions of the lives of the same saint is necessary. The proposed article will focus on the lives of the Holy Martyr Hilarion (Troitsky). At the moment, we know five versions of his life - a life of saint tending to the canonical, written by Protopresbyter Mikhail Polsky (1949); a canonical life of saint written by Abbot Damaskin Orlovsky (2004); a life of saint tending to the canonical, by V. Marchenko (2011); a life of saint for children by Archpriest Konstantin Ostrovsky (2012); the «journal» life of saint of Archimandrite Damaskin Orlovsky (2000s). We will analyze the genre modifications of modern Russian hagiography, consider how the texts we have chosen are similar and how they differ from each other in terms of content and presentation of the material, compare the «set» of quotations and the lexical composition of the lives of saint.
RECEPTION OF THE MOTIFS OF R. TAGORE’S POETRY COLLECTION “GITANJALI” IN THE LYRICS OF N.K. ROERICH
Authors: Makarova A.
Published: February 2024

The article analyzes the multifaceted influence of R. Tagore’s poetry collection “Gitanjali” translated by Y.K. Baltrushaitis on N.K. Roerich’s book of poems “Flame in Chalice”. The collections have a number of similar ideas, motifs, and lyrical plots. Roerich’s ways of their creative reinterpretation are considered.
TRANSLATION AND RESEARCH HISTORY OF O. MANDELSTAM'S WORKS IN CHINA
Authors: Xiangyu Li
Published: February 2024

This article reviews the translation history and research of Mandelstam's works in China, and introduces the most representative translations by famous Chinese researchers of Russian. The author of this article presents the main carriers of research on Mandelstam's poetry in the Chinese scientific community.
THE THEME OF CONQUERING THE ARCTIC IN THE POETIC EPIC OF ILYA SELVINSKY: MUSICAL CHARACTER OF ARTISTIC INTERPRETATIONS
Authors: Makarova S.
Published: February 2024

The article discusses the history of creation, artistic and content features of two works by Ilya Selvinsky written at 1930-1950s on the topic of the conquest of the Far North - the epic poem«Chelyuskiniana» and the epic novel «Arctic»; a system of techniques is compared, revealing their musical character and the creative evolution of the poet.
LINGUOSTYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF INTERMEDIAL DISCOURSE (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF RAP COMPOSITIONS BY RICHARD SEMASHKOV)
Authors: Zevakhina T.
Published: February 2024

The article analyzes the texts of Richard Semashkov (known as rapper Rich), one of the representatives of Russian rap. The texts of rap compositions, accompanied by a special performance (recitative to a preset musical rhythm), represent a new type of intermedial discourse. The topic of the texts is the social and political life of today's Russia. Poetic devices in the texts corresponds to the harshness of modern life. The author's style is characterized by expressive comparisons, unexpected epithets, oxymorons, colloquial vocabulary and slang. In a separate section, the results of a contrastive analysis of poetry and prose by R. Semashkov are presented.
M. GORKY'S PERSONAL LIBRARY AS A MUSEUM EXHIBIT. ON THE HISTORY OF THE BOOK COLLECTION OF THE GORKY MUSEUM
Authors: Demkina S.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the history of M. Gorky's last library. The volumes of the book collection are located in the memorial museum-apartment of the writer on Malaya Nikitskaya street in Moscow. Gorky collected books all his life, the multi-volume collection that has come down to our days is the final one. The library, which has been formed for more than forty years, has a complex history. The last volumes were added to the library in 1936. The main part of the stored items is located in the memorial exposition. Bookcases with books are located not only in the library, but also in the main hallway, in the hall and along the marble staircase - this was the case under Gorky. The composition of the library, the principle of book arrangement, systematization and subject matter have also been preserved. Of great interest are the inscriptions and Gorky's marks on the books. Gorky's personal library is an integral part of the museum interiors, emphasizing the specifics of the lifetime setting of the memorial exposition. This is notonly an invaluable exhibit of the museum, but also a significant source of studying the personality of the writer and the socio-cultural processes of his era.
THE RECEPTION OF M. GORKY’S PERSONALITY AND OEUVRE IN THE 1930’S GULAG PRESS
Authors: Smykovskaya T.
Published: February 2024

M. Gorky’s visit of the Gulag camps remains one of the ambiguous factors of the last decade of the writer’s life (and his complicated biography in general). His visit to Solovki, authorial contribution to the collective book on Belomorkanal and some other Gorky’s deeds arouse a multitude of emotional and contradictory opinions. These opinions tend to create an «external» and rather negative view on Gorky and the mentioned events of his life. However, the whole spectrum of scholarly conceptions on Gorky does not shade light on the «internal» perception of his personality on the pages of the Gulag newspapers and magazines («The Builder of BAM», «Literature and Art of the BAMLAG», «The Remolding of Volga Constructions», «On the Storm of the Rail Track» and others). In these camp periodicals, Gorky’s personality and his artistic endeavors were ideologically coded. Such codes aimed at the approval of the Gulag system and the consolidation of official tendencies in Soviet literature.
EVALUATION OF M. GORKY'S CREATIVITY BY CHILDREN (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF CHILDREN'S LETTERS FROM THE WRITER'S ARCHIVE)
Authors: Kudrina E.
Published: February 2024

Letters of children have been preserved in the Archive of A.M. Gorky in A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In them, young readers give an assessment of the work of the "proletarian writer". The children analyzed the images of the main characters, noted the ideological value of Gorky's works, asked the author clarifying questions, asked his opinion about the characters, admired the style and imagery of the works. The reviews were critical, emotional, artistic, and analytical. They testified to the attention of the readership to the writer's work and served as proof of the formation of an active creative reader. The writer's works were mainly interpreted through the prism of expressing the interests of classes and social groups, which led to a distorted view of the artistic heritage of the classic and simplified the perception of his texts.
Wojciech Rowiński (1935–2014) – a pioneer of Polish transplantology and a mentor
Authors: Podhorodecka Katarzyna , Ewa Kruminis-Kaszkiel , Leszek Adadyński , Bartosz Kędziora , Joanna Wojtkiewicz , Ireneusz Kowalski
Published: February 2024

Introduction

The present state of Polish transplantology and nephrology was created to a great extent by prof. Wojciech Rowiński due to his excellent organizational, clinical, and didactic skills. His major field of interest was the pathophysiology of the ischemic damage in donor organs; especially kidneys. Together with his colleagues, he was responsible for the implementation of hypothermic pulsatile perfusion in order to preserve a cadaveric kidney until it could be used in clinical practice. The procedure has been in use since 1995 and has been an extremely important achievement in the reduction of the incidence of posttransplant acute tubular necrosis.

Aim

The purpose of our work is to introduce the reader to the person of Wojciech Rowiński.

Material and methods

The work is based on the available literature. The search process resulted in the detection of relevant articles using valid keywords on electronic databases, including Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Subsequently, 11 were identified as eligible for our review.

Results and discussion

In 2008, due to Rowiński's initiative, the Parliament of the Republic of Poland accepted a resolution regarding the approval of transplantation as a method of treatment.

Conclusions

Rowiński's pioneering efforts and innovative techniques in transplantology had a profound impact on the field, leading to improved organ preservation, reduced complications, and enhanced ethical considerations.