bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY AND KINETIC DEUTERIUM ISOTOPE EFFECTS IN THE THERMAL 1,3‐SIGMATROPIC REARRANGEMENT OF (‐)‐(R,R)‐TRANS‐2‐METHYL‐1‐(1‐TERT‐BUTYLVINYL)CYCLOPROPANE: EVIDENCE FOR A BIRADICAL INTERMEDIATE
Authors: GAJEWSKI J. J. , WARNER J. M.
Published: May 2016

Die thermische Umlagerung der Titelverbindung (Ia) und ihres Deuteroderivats (Ib) ergibt die Diene (II) und die Cyclopropene (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF 2‐(P‐METHOXYPHENYL)‐1,3‐DITHIOLAN‐2‐YL CATION WITH WATER AND OTHER NUCLEOPHILES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: OKUYAMA T. , FUJIWARA W. , FUENO T.
Published: May 2016

Das Dithiolanylperchlorat (I) reagiert mit H2O bei pH 6 zu dem 2‐Hydroxyderivat (II), das weiter zu dem Thiolester (III) zerfällt.
ChemInform Abstract: FLUORO(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)ARYL‐ AND (TRIFLUOROMETHYL)DIARYLSULFONIUM SALTS
Authors: YAGUPOL'SKII L. M. , KONDRATENKO N. V. , TIMOFEEVA G. N.
Published: May 2016

Durch Umsetzen der Sulfoxide (‐I) bzw. (III) mit den Komplexen [SFJHBRI] bzw. mit [SFf ][SbF"′ ] werden unter Ersatz der Sauerstoffatome durch Fluor das Tetrafluoroborat (II) bzw. das stabilere Hexafluoroantimonat (IV) dargestellt, das seinerseits mit m‐Xylol (V) bzw. mit Anisol (VII) zu den Diaryl‐(trifluormethyl)‐Salzen (VI) bzw. (VIII) umgesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: CATALYSIS BY HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ELASTASE. RATE‐LIMITING DEACYLATION FOR SPECIFIC P‐NITROANILIDES AND AMIDES
Authors: STEIN R. L. , VISCARELLO B. R. , WILDONGER R. A.
Published: May 2016

Anders als erwartet verlaufen die Hydrolyse des Esters (Ia) und des Amids (Ib) in Gegenwart menschlicher LeukocyLEIastase über die gleiche geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Stufe.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF SCHIFF BASES, OBTAINED FROM 4‐AMINOANTIPYRINE AND 4‐AMINO‐1,2,4‐TRIAZOLE, WITH KETONES
Authors: LETUNOV V. I.
Published: May 2016

4‐Aminoantipyrin (I) und das 4‐Aminotriazol (IV) bilden mit den Aldehyden (II) glatt die Schiffschen Basen (III) bzw. (V).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF N‐CHLORO‐N′‐(ARYLSULFONYL)BENZAMIDINES AND N‐CHLORO‐N′‐BENZOYLBENZAMIDINES WITH SULFUR AND SULFUR DICHLORIDE
Authors: BOROVIKOVA G. S. , LEVCHENKO E. S. , BOROVIK E. I. , DARMOKHVAL E. A.
Published: May 2016

Die N‐Chlor‐N′‐arylsulfonylamidine (I) reagieren mit SCI; in Gegenwart von Pyridin zu den Iminothionylderivaten (II), die auch aus den N,N‐Dichlor‐N′‐arylsulfonylamidinen (III) und SCIZ oder ausden Amidinen (I) und Serhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: TERT‐BUTYL AMINOCARBONATE (TERT‐BUTYLOXYCARBONYLOXYAMINE) ‐ A NEW ACYLATING REAGENT FOR AMINES
Authors: HARRIS R. B. , WILSON I. B.
Published: May 2016

Aus Di‐tert.‐butyl‐dicarbonat (I) wird mit Hydroxylamin (II) das Aminocarbonat (III) erhalten; daneben entsteht das Carbamat (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLIC UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS. LXXII. ALKOXYCYCLOPENTADIENES
Authors: MIRONOV V. A. , LUK'YANOV V. T. , BERNADSKII A. A.
Published: May 2016

Es wird die Synthese der isomeren Alkoxycyclopentadiene (VI) und (VII) aus dem literaturbekannten tricyclischen Alkohol (II) beschrieben, der aus dem Tricyclodeca‐ dien (I) nach Literaturverfahren erhalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PHENYLDIMETHYLSILYL GROUP AS A MASKED FORM OF THE HYDROXY GROUP
Authors: FLEMING I. , HENNING R. , PLAUT H.
Published: May 2016

Durch Fluorierung der Silane (I) zu den Verbindungen (II) und anschließende Oxidation erhält man unter Erhalt der Konfiguration die Alkohole (III).
ChemInform Abstract: HOMOMOLECULAR ESTERIFICATION OF ALDEHYDES CATALYZED BY HYDRIDOTETRAKIS(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE)RHODIUM(I)
Authors: MASSOUI M. , BEAUPERE D. , NADJO L. , UZAN R.
Published: May 2016

Der Rhodium‐Komplex (II) katalysiert unter milden Bedingungen die homomolekulare Veresterung von Benzaldehyd (I) zu BenzyIbenzo‐ . at (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ARYL VINYL SULFONES AS THIOL PROTECTIVE GROUP
Authors: KUROKI Y. , LETT R.
Published: May 2016

Die Darstellung der Vinylsulfone (IVa) und (IVb), die als Schutzgruppe für Mercaptane dienen, wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: ACTION OF IODOSO TRIFLUOROACETATES ON PHENYLCYCLOPROPANES
Authors: GAZZAEVA R. A. , SHABAROV YU. S. , SAGINOVA L. G.
Published: May 2016

Beim Umsetzen von Phenylcyclopropan (IV) mit dem Phenyliodosoacetat (II) erfolgen, wie aus der Literatur bekannt, Öffnung des Cyclopropanringes und Bildung des Phenylpropans (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: N‐ALKYLATION OF AMINOANTHRAQUINONES BY ACETALDEHYDE AND CHLORAL
Authors: DENISOV V. YA. , KOLCHINA E. F. , GRISHCHENKOVA T. N. , FOKIN E. P.
Published: May 2016

Durch x Reaktion von Z‐Aminoanthrachinon (I) mit Acetaldehyd (II) in Gegenwart von Säure wird das N‐Formylpropylderivat (III) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR ADDITION OF CARBANIONS TO ANTHRAQUINONES
Authors: KROHN K. , MUELLER U. + , PRIYONO W. , SARSTEDT B. , STOFFREGEN A.
Published: May 2016

Durch Reaktion der Anthrachinone (I) mit dem Ester (II) entstehen die Anthronderivate (III), wobei man aus (Ib) auch die Spiroverbindung (H0 erhält.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF 1,8‐SUBSTITUTED NAPTHALENES. REARRANGEMENT OF AZOMETHINES UNDER C‐ACYLATION CONDITIONS
Authors: MEZHERITSKII V. V. , PIKUS A. L. , MINYAEVA L. G.
Published: May 2016

Durch Erwärmen der Azomethinsalze (I) in Ac2O in Gegenwart von HClO4 als Katalysator werden diese in die Z‐Styrylbenzindole (II) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF ACETYLENIC NITRILES WITH AZIDES
Authors: VERESHCHAGIN L. I. , FILIPPOVA T. M. , BOL'SHEDVORSKAYA R. L. , GAVRILOV L. D. , PAVLOVA G. A.
Published: May 2016

Untersucht wird das Reaktionsverhalten der Acetylennitrile (I) und (VI) gegenüber den organischen Aziden (II) und Aluminiumazid (aus AICI; und NaN3).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. XXXVII. PREPARATION OF 4,6‐DIARYL‐1,2‐DIHYDRO‐2‐THIOXO‐3,5‐PYRIDINEDICARBONITRILES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: RUBIO ENCINAS M. J. , SEOANE C. , SOTO J. L.
Published: May 2016

Das Thioamid (I) ragiert mit den α‐Benzoyl‐nitrilen (II) unter Bildung der Thioxopyridine (IV) im Gemisch mit den Disulfiden (V).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF 1,5‐DIKETONES. 42. SYNTHESIS OF HETEROCYCLES BY THE REACTION OF 4,4‐DIMETHYL‐1‐PHENYL‐1‐(2′‐OXOCYCLOALKYL)PENTAN‐3‐ONES WITH NITROGENOUS NUCLEOPHILES
Authors: KAMINSKII V. A. , ZABOLOTNOVA T. V. , NOVIKOVA T. V. , TILICHENKO M. N.
Published: May 2016

Die 1,5‐Diketone (I) mit einem Pivaloy‐lrest werden mit Aminen zu verschiedenen 2‐tert.‐Butyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridinen umgesetzt, wie im Formelschema skizziert.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of Anils with Conjugated Dienes.
Authors: LUCCINI V. , PRATO M. , QUINTILY U. , SCORRANO G.
Published: May 2016

Die Phenylglyoxale (I) reagieren mit Cyclopentadien (II) unter Cyclisierung zu den Tetrahydrochinolinen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: GENERATION OF AROYLKETENES DURING THERMOLYSIS OF 2‐IMINO‐3‐O‐CHLOROPHENYL‐5‐P‐R‐PHENACYLIDENE‐4‐OXAZOLIDONES
Authors: ANDREICHIKOV YU. S. , NEKRASOV D. D.
Published: May 2016

Die Thermolyse der Oxazolidone (I) liefert die Oxazinone (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF N‐CHLORO‐N′‐ARYLBENZAMIDINES WITH SULFUR DICHLORIDE. 1‐CHLORO‐3‐R‐1,2,4‐BENZOTHIADIAZINES
Authors: LEVCHENKO E. S. , BOROVIKOVA G. S. , BOROVIK E. I. , KALININ V. N.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktion der N‐Chlor‐N′‐arylamidine (I) mit SCI; liefert die thermisch labilen Benzothiadiazine (II), die sich zum Teil schon bei Raumtemp. zersetzen.
ChemInform Abstract: BORON COMPOUNDS. PART 58. CYCLIC CARBOXYLIC ACID‐ORGANOBORON COMPOUNDS CONTAINING BORON‐HYDROGEN‐BORON BRIDGE BONDING
Authors: IDELMANN P. , MUELLER G. + , SCHEIDT W. R. , SCHUESSLER W. + , SEEVOGEL K. , KOESTER R. +
Published: May 2016

Die 1:1‐molare Umsetzung von Bis‐[9‐borabicyclo[3.3.l]nonan] (I) mit Pivalinsäure (II) führt zu dem Mischassoziat (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS. XVIII. SYNTHESIS OF 2‐PHENYL‐2,3‐DIHYDRO‐1H‐1,2‐BENZAZAPHOSPHOLE 2‐SULFIDE BY PYROLYSIS OF (2‐AMINOBENZYL)PHENYLDITHIOPHOSPHINIC ACID
Authors: COLLINS D. J. , DRYGALA P. F. , SWAN J. M.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktion des Phthalimidobenzylbromids (I), Bromierungsprodukt aus dem Methyl‐Analogen und NBS, mit den Dialkyl‐phosphoniten (II) und dar‐ ′ auffolgende Abspaltung der Phthalimido‐Schutzgruppe mittels Hydrazin führen zu den 2‐Aminobenzylphosphinaten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND X‐RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF 1,2,3‐TRIPHENYLPHOSPHIRENE
Authors: MARINETTI A. , MATHEY F. , FISCHER J. , MITSCHLER A.
Published: May 2016

Durch Halogenierung des Komplexes (I) und anschließende Demetallierung erhält man die Titelverbindung (III), die in die Derivate (IV) und (V) umgewandelt werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLIC DIAZASTANNYLENES. PART 20. SN3(NCME3)2(OCME3)2, A MOLECULE WITH A NEW SEVEN‐ATOM POLYCYCLIC STRUCTURE
Authors: VEITH M. , FRANK W.
Published: May 2016

Die Thermolyse von (I) in Gegenwart des dimeren Zinn‐bis‐[tert.‐butoxid] (II) liefert neben (III) die Titelverbindung (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: (PH4AS)2(CL5W(μ‐N4)WCL5), A μ‐ISOTETRAZENEIDO(4‐) COMPLEX OF TUNGSTEN(VI)
Authors: MASSA W. , KUJANEK R. , BAUM G. , DEHNICKE K.
Published: May 2016

Der bei der Thermolyse des "Azidokomplexes (I) bereits entstandene Nitridkomplex (II) setzt sich mit noch vorhandenem Azid bei Anwesenheit von Tetraphe‐ nylarsoniumchlorid zum Titelkomplex (III) um.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOLYSIS OF DIRHENIUM DECACARBONYL IN THE PRESENCE OF SIMPLE OLEFINS. THERMAL REACTIVITY OF (μ‐HYDRIDO)(μ‐ALKENYL)DIRHENIUM OCTACARBONYL COMPOUNDS
Authors: NUBEL P. O. , BROWN T. L.
Published: May 2016

Die Photolyse von Re3(CO)", bei 25°C in Gegenwart von Ethylen, terminalen Olefinen oder 2‐Buten liefert in hohen Ausb. (70‐80°C /o) die Komplexe (I)., die IR‐ und 1H‐NMR‐spektroskopisch charakterisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ARYLDIAZENIDO, ARYLDIAZENE, AND ARYLHYDRAZIDO COMPLEXES. X‐RAY STRUCTURE OF ((η5‐C5H5)RE(CO)2(NHNMEC6H4ME‐P))(BF4) AND PROTON NMR STUDY OF STEREOISOMERISM OF THE ORGANOHYDRAZIDO(1‐) LIGAND IN COMPLEXES OF THIS TYPE
Authors: BARRIENTOS‐PENNA C. F. , CAMPANA C. F. , EINSTEIN F. W. B. , JONES T. , SUTTON D. , TRACEY A. S.
Published: May 2016

Die Organohydrazido(l ‐ )‐Komplexe (II) können entweder durch Protonierung der entsprechenden Organohydrazido(2 ‐ )‐Komplexe (I) oder durch Einwirkung von Organo‐Li‐Verbindungen auf die Aryl‐diazen‐Komplexe (III) bzw. deren Methylierung mit üblichen Reagenzien dargestellt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: CLUSTER‐CENTERED ACETYLENE‐VINYLIDENE REARRANGEMENT
Authors: BERNHARDT W. , VAHRENKAMP H.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktion des Dreikern‐Clusters (I) mit 3,3‐Dimethyl‐I‐butin führt zu dem Dimethylbutin‐Komplex (II), der sich einer thermischen Umlagerung zu dem ButenyIiden‐Komplex (III) unterwirft.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND SPECTROSCOPIC AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A NEW RUTHENIUM COMPLEX: THE TRIS(1,4,5,8‐TETRAAZAPHENANTHRENE)RUTHENIUM(II) DICATION
Authors: KIRSCH‐DE MESMAEKER A. , NASIELSKI‐HINKENS R. , MAETENS D. , PAUWELS D. , NASIELSKI J.
Published: May 2016

Der wie aufgezeigt dargestellte Titelkomplex (II) wird 1H‐NMR‐ und absorptionsspektroskopisch sowie elektrochemisch mittels cyclischer Voltammetrie untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: On Steroids. Part 301. Synthesis of Some 1,2‐Unsaturated Analogues of Androgens with the Cyclopropane Ring in 4,5‐Position.
Authors: KOSKA J. , FAJKOS J.
Published: May 2016

Der aus dem entsprechenden Keton erhaltene Allylalkohol (Ia) reagiert unter Simmons‐Smith‐Bedingungen zu dem Cyclopropanderivat (IIa) [jeweils charakterisiert durch die entsprechenden Diole und Diacetate], das zu dem Androstendion‐Analogen (III) bzw. zu den Testosteron‐Analogen (IV) umgesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐11‐KETOPROGESTERONE, A PRECURSOR TO THE CORTICOSTEROIDS. AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF THE CARBON 19 METHYL GROUP INTO A‐RING AROMATIC STEROIDS
Authors: ZIEGLER F. E. , WANG T.‐F.
Published: May 2016

Das Alkylierungsprodukt (II) des Nitrils (I) wird über die Stufen (IIIa)+(IIIb), (IVa) + (IVb) und (V) zum tricyclischen Acetylen (VI) umgesetzt, dessen Cyclisierunlg als Hauptprodukt das Steroid (VII) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON PEPTIDES. CXIII. SYNTHESIS OF THE HEPTACOSAPEPTIDE AMIDE CORRESPONDING TO THE ENTIRE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF CHICKEN SECRETIN
Authors: KIYAMA S. , FUJII N. , YAJIMA H. , MORIGA M. , TAKAGI A.
Published: May 2016

Das im Titel genannte Peptid stimuliert den F luß der alkalischen Pankreasflüssigkeit und wirkt bei Ratten Blutdruck‐senkend.
ChemInform Abstract: ENANTIOSELECTIVE EPOXIDATION OF ACETALS OF UNSATURATED OXYALDEHYDES. 2‐DEOXY‐L‐RIBOSE
Authors: MAKIN S. M. , RAIFEL'D YU. E. , ZIL'BERG L. L. , ARSHAVA B. M.
Published: May 2016

Die Darstellung der Titelverbindung (VI) wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESES OF (+)‐CASTANOSPERMINE AND (+)‐DEOXYNOJIRIMYCIN
Authors: BERNOTAS R. C. , GANEM B.
Published: May 2016

Aus 2,3,4‐Tri‐ O‐benzyl‐D‐glucopyranose (Ia) erhält man mit Benzylamin das Substitutionsprodukt (Ib), das über eine Reduktion und Acylierung zu den Spaltprodukten (II) und (III) umgesetzt und dann zu einem Gemisch (IVa) und (Va) cyclisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: ALIPHATIC POLYETHERS AS BUILDING BLOCKS FOR NATURAL HUMIC SUBSTANCES: DETECTION BY SOLID STATE CARBON‐13 NMR SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: BAYER E. , ALBERT K. , BERGMANN W. , JAHNS K. , EISENER W. , PETERS H.‐K.
Published: May 2016

Aus Abwasser, Torf oder Böden gewonnene Huminstoffe haben ähnliche Strukturelemente, die mit Hl spaltbare aliphatische Etherbindungen enthalten.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHOLIPIDS CHIRAL AT PHOSPHORUS. 5. SYNTHESIS AND CONFIGURATIONAL ANALYSIS S OF CHIRAL (17O,18O)PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE
Authors: BRUZIK K. , TSAI M.‐D.
Published: May 2016

Beim Umsetzen des Glycerin‐o e sters (III) mit dem Ethanolamin (II) entsteht ein Gemisch der diastereomeren Oxazaphospholidine (V) und (VI) (Gesamtausb.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF FRAGMENTS OF ARGININE VASOPRESSIN AND OXYTOCIN CONTAINING A CYSTINE RESIDUE IN POSITION 6
Authors: VAN NISPEN J. W. , HANNINK J. A. J. , SCHOFFELMEER M. S. , JANSSEN W. P. A. , POLDERDIJK J. P. , GREVEN H. M.
Published: May 2016

Die Synthese der Titelverbindungen (VI), (VII), (XIa), (Xlc) (Arginin‐Vasopressin‐Fragmente) bzw. (IX), (XIb), (Xld) (Oxytocin‐Frag‐ mente) wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (‐)‐PTILOCAULIN
Authors: ROUSH W. R. , WALTS A. E.
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von der Reaktion zwischen dem aus (+)‐PuIegon zugänglichen Cyclohexanon (I) und dem lodid (II) wird über die Stufen (III), (IV) und (VI) das Aminoketon (VII) synthetisiert, das mit dem Nitrat.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL HOLE BURNING AND OPTICAL RELAXATION SPECTROSCOPY IN POLYMERS AND GLASSES
Authors: FRIEDRICH J. , HAARER D.
Published: May 2016

Review: Photochemisches Lochbrennen ist eine spezielle Art der Sättigungsspektroskopie im optischen Bereich, die viel Ähnlichkeit mit NMR‐Methoden zur Bestimmung von Relaxationszeiten hat.
ChemInform Abstract: APPLICATION OF PROTON POLARIZATION TRANSFER TO A HIGH‐SPIN NUCLEUS, GERMANIUM‐73
Authors: MACKAY K. M. , WATKINSON P. J. , WILKINS A. L.
Published: May 2016

Die durch Spim‐Spin‐Kopplung zwischen Kernen ermöglichte Übertragung von Kernspinpolarisation ( ;z.B. von ′H) auf einen Kern mit niedrigem gyromagnetischen Verhältnis ( ;z.B. ′3C) wird zur Signalverstärkung bei "Ge‐NMR‐Untersuchungen angewendet.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDES OF THE NEW FORMULA TYPE A(T4O4): KLI3SIO4, KLI3GEO4, AND KLI3TIO4
Authors: WERTHMANN R. , HOPPE R.
Published: May 2016

Zur Darstellung der Titelverbindungen werden innige Gemenge der Oxide (K:Li :M = l :3:l; M: Si, Ge, Ti) in verschlossenen Ni‐Zylindern getempert (M = Si: 900°C, Ge: 800°C, Ti: 700°C ; jeweils l0d) und abgekühlt.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF SILICON AND GERMANIUM. XXXIV. PREPARATION OF POTASSIUM SILYL
Authors: FEHER F. , KRANCHER M.
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung von flüssiger Na/K‐Legierung mit Monosilan in Monoglyme zu Kaliumsilyl dauert bei Verwendung von in Monoglyme dispergierter Na/K‐Legierung wesentlich weniger lange.
ChemInform Abstract: ASSIGNMENT OF CONFIGURATION OF LARGER BICYCLO(N.1.0)ALKYLAMINES. THE USE OF A LANTHANIDE SHIFT REAGENT
Authors: VILSMAIER E. , KLEIN C. M. , ADAM R.
Published: May 2016

Bei Anwendung von Eu(fod)3 als Verschiebungsreagenz läßt sich aus den 1H‐NMR‐Spektren der cis‐(III) und trans‐N‐(Methyl‐bicycloalkyl)‐morpholine (VI) die endo‐ [wie in (III) und (VI)] bzw. die exo‐Position der Morpholino‐Gruppe bestimmen.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICALLY INDUCED DYNAMIC NUCLEAR POLARIZATION (PHOTO‐CIDNP) OF ANGULAR DIBENZACRIDINES
Authors: VERMEERSCH G. , MARKO J. , FEBVAY‐GAROT N. , CAPLAIN S. , LABLACHE‐COMBIER A. , JACQUIGNON P.
Published: May 2016

Die Photoreduktion des Dibenzoacridins (I) und des langsamer reagierenden Isomers (IV) ergibt in den Ethern (II) 13‐H‐polarisierte Addukte vom Typ (IIIa) bzw. in Gegenwart von CO4 vom Typ (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: SCRAMBLING EQUILIBRIUMS OF SOME DIMETAL DECACARBONYLS
Authors: MARCOMINI A. , POE A.
Published: May 2016

Die Konstanten der Gleichgewichtsreaktion von (I) und (II) zu (III) wurden bei 170‐ 190°C in einem weiten Konzentrationsbereich gemessen.
ChemInform Abstract: ACIDITY OF TWO DIALKYLHYDRAZINE RADICAL CATIONS
Authors: NELSEN S. F. , BUSCHEK J. M. , GOEBL M. + , ASMUS K.‐D.
Published: May 2016

Durch lmpulsradiolyse erzeugte aquotisierte Elektronen reduzieren die bicyclischen Diazaverbindungen (I) und (II) in wäßriger Lösung zu Anionradikalen, die infolge Protonierung in die von den entsprechenden Dialkylhydrazinen abgeleiteten Kationradikalen übergehen.
ChemInform Abstract: ACID‐CATALYZED HYDROLYSES OF 2‐ALKOXYTETRAHYDROPYRANS: EVIDENCE FOR THE CHANGEOVER FROM AN A‐1 TO AN ASE2 MECHANISM
Authors: JENSEN J. L. , WUHRMANN W. B.
Published: May 2016

Die Hydrolyse zahlreicher Ether des 2‐Hydroxy‐tetrahydropyrans (I) wird im sauren Milieu untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: KINETICS OF DECARBOXYLATION OF THE TWO EPIMERS OF 5‐TERT‐BUTYL‐1‐METHYL‐2‐OXOCYCLOHEXANECARBOXLIC ACID: LACK OF STEREOELECTRONIC CONTROL IN β‐KETO ACID DECARBOXYLATION
Authors: KAYSER R. H. , BRAULT M. , POLLACK R. M. , BANTIA S. , SADOFF S. F.
Published: May 2016

Die Geschwindigkeitskonstante für die Decarboxylierung des Epimeren (I) ist im sauren Milieu 3 mal und im basischen 15 ‐ 20 mal größer als die für das Epimere (II).
ChemInform Abstract: OPTICAL ENRICHMENT OF DIOLS VIA THEIR ORGANOTIN COMPLEXES
Authors: SHANZER A. , LIBMAN J. , GOTTLIEB H. E.
Published: May 2016

Asymmetrische Diole wie (I) und (V) reagieren mit Dibutylzinnoxid (II) zu Stannoxan‐Komplexen, in denen zwei Moleküle entgegengesetzte Konfiguration haben (meso‐Formen (III) bzw. (VI)) und zu Komplexen mit zwei Molekülen gleicher Konfiguration (chirale Formen (IV) bzw. (VII)).
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF TRIFLUOROACETOLYSIS OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE 2‐BUTYL TOSYLATE. A TEST FOR HYDROGEN BRIDGING
Authors: ALLEN A. D. , AMBIDGE I. C. , TIDWELL T. T.
Published: May 2016

Die (R)‐(‐)‐Form von (I) wird der Trifluoracetolyse unterworfen.
ChemInform Abstract: PROXIMATE CHARGE EFFECTS. 5. ENTHALPIES OF SOLVENT TRANSFER OF REACTANTS AND TRANSITION STATES IN THE SAPONIFICATION OF BETAINE ETHYL ESTER
Authors: HABERFIELD P. , FORTIER D.
Published: May 2016

Die Hydrolyse des Esters (I) wird unter verschiedenen Bedingungen in Wasser, Ethanol, Dimethylsulf‐ oxid etc. untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: EPOXIDES AS ALKENE PROTECTING GROUPS. A MILD AND EFFICIENT DEOXYGENATION
Authors: MARTIN M. G. , GANEM B.
Published: May 2016

Diazomalonsäureester (II) kann zur Desoxygenierung von Epoxiden eingesetzt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Ring Opening of Pyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones. Part 2.
Authors: NISHIO T. , OMOTE Y.
Published: May 2016

Die Pyrimidinone (I) gehen in Gegenwart der Amine (II) eine Photoreaktion unter Bildung der Ureido‐imine (III) ein.
ChemInform Abstract: FACILE GENERATION OF ALKYL RADICALS BY THE PALLADIUM ON CARBON CATALYZED THERMOLYSIS OF ALKYLMERCURIALS
Authors: IWAMURA M. , FUTIBE S. , MATUKURA T. , SANO M.
Published: May 2016

Facile Generation of Alkyl Radicals by the Palladium on Carbon Catalyzed Thermolysis of Alkylmercurials.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal Complex Catalyzed Polyfluoroalkylation. Part l. Facile Addition of Polyfluoroalkyl Halides to Carbon‐Carbon Multiple Bands. Transition‐Metal Complex Catalyzed Polyfluoroalkylation. Part 2. Novel and Convenient Route to 3‐Poly‐fluoroalkylprop‐1‐enes Through the Reaction of Polyfluoroalkyl Halides with Allyl‐silanes.
Authors: FUCHIKAMI T. , OJIMA I.
Published: May 2016

Die Addition von Perfluoralkylverbindungen (I) an Alkine (II) zu Perfluoralkyl‐vinylhalogeniden (IV) wird durch Metallcarbonyle katalysiert.
ChemInform Abstract: OPTICALLY ACTIVE DIALLYLBIS(2‐PHENYLBUTYL)TIN. SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION TO ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF HOMOALLYL ALCOHOLS
Authors: OTERA J. , KAWASAKI Y. , MIZUNO H. , SHIMIZU Y.
Published: May 2016

Aus optisch aktivem (+)‐l ‐Chlor‐2‐phe‐ nylbutan (I) wird durch Umsetzung mit Magnesium unter Bildung des Grignard‐ Reagenz und anschließende Reaktion mit Diallylzinnbromid das optisch aktive Diallyl‐bis‐(2‐phenylbutyl)‐zinn (II) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SILVER NITRATE‐ALUMINA: A CHROMATOGRAPHIC REACTION MEDIUM FOR CONVERSION OF 5‐HALOPENT‐2‐ENES INTO 1‐CYCLOPROPYLETHYL NITRATE
Authors: HRUBIEC R. T. , SMITH M. B.
Published: May 2016

Silver Nitrate‐Alumina: A Chromatographic Reaction Medium for Conversion of S‐Halogenopent‐2‐enes lnto 1‐Cyclopropylethyl Nitrate.
ChemInform Abstract: BICYCLIC ALLENES: GENERATION AND TRAPPING OF 6,7‐BENZOBICYCLO(3.2.1)OCTA‐2,3‐DIENE
Authors: BALCI M. , HARMANDAR M.
Published: May 2016

(XII) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of 2‐Oxidodiaryliodonium Zwitterions.
Authors: SPYROUDIS S. , VARVOGLIS A.
Published: May 2016

Mit dem Reagenz (II) ‐lassen sich aus den Vorstufen (Ia) bzw. (Ib) die zwitterionischen Verbindungen (III) gewinnen, während aus (Ic) das Produkt (IV) entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: SILICON‐ASSISTED RING OPENING OF CYCLOPROPYL KETONES WITH BORON TRIFLUORIDE‐ACETIC ACID COMPLEX
Authors: OCHIAI M. , SUMI K. , FUJITA E.
Published: May 2016

Die Cyclopropylcarbonsäureester (I) werden mit den Natrium‐ Salzen (II) von Sulfonen zu den Sulfonylketonen (III) und (IV) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSPECIFIC MICHAEL ADDITIONS TO α‐METHYLENECYCLOPENTENONES
Authors: SIWAPINYOYOS T. , THEBTARANONTH Y.
Published: May 2016

Die 2‐Methy‐ lencyclopentenone (I) addieren nucleophile Reagenzien (II) zu den Salzen (III), die mit elektrophilen Reagenzien in die Addukte (IV) übergehen.
ChemInform Abstract: Tricyclic [10]Annulenes. Part 2. Synthesis of 7b‐Methyl‐7bH‐cyclopent[cd]indene.
Authors: MCCAGUE R. , MOODY C. J. , REES C. W.
Published: May 2016

Mehrere Wege zur Gewinnung der Titelverbindung (IV) werden aufgezeigt.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW ROUTE FOR SYNTHESIS OF FURAN DERIVATIVES FROM PROTECTED α‐KETOLS AND KETONES. A TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF FUROVENTALENE
Authors: HAGIWARA H. , UDA H.
Published: May 2016

Das in einer optimierten Reaktion geschützte Hydroxyaceton (II) wird mit den Ketonen (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb) über die Aldole (IV) zu den Furanen (V) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF 2‐SUBSTITUTED 1,2‐BENZISOTHIAZOL‐3(2H)‐ONES. NOVEL CYCLIZATION OF N‐SUBSTITUTED 2‐CARBAMOYLBENZENESULFENYL BROMIDES ON ACTIVATED BASIC ALUMINA
Authors: KAMIGATA N. , HASHIMOTO S. , KOBAYASHI M.
Published: May 2016

Die aus dem Disäurechlorid (I) zugänglichen Diamide (III) werden durch Bromierung in die Sulfenylbromide übergeführt, die mit basischem Aluminiumoxid zu den Benzisothiazolonen (IV) cyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives. Part 13. Aryl Migration of 4‐Aroyl‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines to 4‐Aryl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine‐4‐carboxylic Acids.
Authors: HIGAHSINO T. , MATSUSHITA Y. , TAKEMOTO M. , HAYASHI E.
Published: May 2016

Das Pyrazolopyrimidin (I) wird mit den benzoylierten Cyanhydrinen (II) umgesetzt und das Alkylierungsprodukt (III) zu den Benzoylpyrimidinen (IV) hydrolysiert.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW NITROGENOUS POLYCYCLIC SYSTEMS. SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZOFURO AND THIENOTHIADIAZOLOPYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: RUSSO F. , SANTAGATI M. , SANTAGATI A. , CARUSO A. , TROMBATORE S. , AMICO‐ROXAS M.
Published: May 2016

Die . Thiadiazole (I) können mit den Aminosäureestern (II) bzw. (IV) zu den Benzofurothiadiazolopyrimidinen (III) bzw. den Thieno‐thiadiazolopyrimidinen (V) kondensiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STEREOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF 1,2,7,11B‐TETRAHYDROPYRROLO(1,2‐D)(1,4)BENZODIAZEPIN‐3,6(5H)‐DIONES, OBTAINED VIA RANEY NICKEL HYDROGENATION OF TETRAHYDROISOXAZOLO(2,3‐D)(1,4)BENZODIAZEPINONES
Authors: AVERSA M. C. , GIANNETTO P.
Published: May 2016

Bei der Hydrierung der Isoxazolobenzodiazepine (I) bilden sich die Titelverbindungen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW TYPE OF CYLINDRICAL MACROCYCLIC POLYETHERS. SYNTHESIS AND CATION‐COMPLEXING ABILITY OF DIDECALINO‐ AND DECALINOCYCLOHEXANO‐18‐CROWN‐6
Authors: KOBIRO K. , TANAKA Y. , OKUBO K. , HIRAMATSU Y. , KAKIUCHI K. , TOBE Y. , ODAIRA Y.
Published: May 2016

Zur Herstellung cylindrischer makrocyclischer Polyether werden das Didecalino‐trioxa‐unde‐ 136 cadiol (I) mit dem Ditosylat (II) und das Decalino‐dioxaoctadiol‐ditosylat (IV) mit dem cis‐Cyclohexano‐dioxa‐octadiol (V) in Gegenwart von Natriumhydrid in Dimethylformamid in großer Verdünnung umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: BORON COMPLEXES OF MALONAMIDES AND MALONAMIDINES
Authors: HARTKE K. , KRUG B. , HOFFMANN R.
Published: May 2016

Das Malonsäurediamid (I) bildet mit BF3°C 0Et, oder mit Triethyloxoniumtetrafluoroborat das Tetrafluoroborat (II), das mit Triethylamin zum Oxaoxoniaboratacyclohexadien (III) deprotoniert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: O‐IMINO ESTERS OF N,N‐BIS(2‐CHLOROETHYL)PHOSPHORODIAMIDIC ACID. SYNTHESIS, X‐RAY STRUCTURE DETERMINATION, AND ANTICANCER EVALUATION
Authors: LUDEMAN S. M. , SHAO K.‐L. , ZON G. , HIMES V. L. , MIGHELL A. D. , TAKAGI S. , MIZUTA K.
Published: May 2016

Dargestellt werden die Ester (II), die auf Antitumor‐Wirkung geprüft werden.
ChemInform Abstract: POLYSTYRENE‐SUPPORTED CARBODIIMIDE CATALYSTS
Authors: SMITH C. P. , TEMME G. H.
Published: May 2016

Polystyrol (Ia) liefert nach Bromierung zu (Ib) mit Diphenylarsenchlorid die Substitutionsprodukte (Ic), die zu Arsinoxid (Id) oxidiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CHEMISTRY OF 1,3‐DIHYDROTELLUROLO(3,4‐B)QUINOXALINE AND DERIVATIVES: CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF 1,3‐DIHYDRO‐2,2‐DIIODO‐Λ4‐TELLUROLO(3,4‐B)QUINOXALINE 2,3‐BIS(IODOMETHYL)QUINOXALINE (1:1)
Authors: SINGH H. B. , MCWHINNIE W. R. , HAMOR T. A. , JONES R. H.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktion von 2,3‐Bis‐ [brommethyl]‐chinoxalin (II) mit pulverisiertem Te und Nal lieferte die Verbindung (I), die zu (H0 reduziert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: MULTISTEP REVERSIBLE REDOX SYSTEMS. XXXV. VOLTAMMETRY OF VINYLOGOUS POLYENES WITH CROSS‐CONJUGATED END GROUPS AND UV/VIS SPECTROSCOPY OF THEIR RADICAL ANIONS AND CATIONS
Authors: BERNETH H. , HAGENBRUCH B. , HUENIG S. + , ORT B.
Published: May 2016

Die Mehrzahl der Polyene (I) und (II), speziell (Ia) und (II) lassen sich sowohl reversibel zweistufig oxidieren als auch reduzieren.
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVE OXIDATION OF STEROIDAL ALLYLIC ALCOHOLS USING 3,5‐DIMETHYLPYRAZOLE AND PYRIDINIUM CHLOROCHROMATE
Authors: PARISH E. J. , SCOTT A. D.
Published: May 2016

In Gegenwart vpn 3,5‐Dimethylpyrazol (Pyr) komplexgebundenes Chromylchlorid oxidiert Steroide mit AIlylalkohol‐Strukturelement zu den entsprechenden ungesättigten Ketonen wie (H), (IV), (V) oder (VI) in hohen Ausbeuten.
ChemInform Abstract: Sugar 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles. Part 5. Cyclization of Aldonic Acid Aroylhydrazides to l,3,4‐Oxadiazoline Derivatives Sugar Oxadiazoles. Part 6. Cyclization of 2,3,4,5‐Tetra‐O‐acetylgalactaric Bis‐(aroylhydrazides) to Saccharide Bis‐(1,3‐,4‐oxadiazolyl)‐Derivatives.
Authors: NASSR M. A. M. , TAHA M. A. M. , SHABAN M. A. E.
Published: May 2016

Gluconsäurelacton (I) wird mit den Aroylhydraziden (II) zu den Hydraziden (III) umgesetzt, die zu den Oxadiazolen (IV) cyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF 2,3,4,6‐TETRA‐O‐BENZYL‐D‐GLUCOPYRANOSYLIDENE ACETALS, USING TRIMETHYLSILYL TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONATE AS THE CATALYST
Authors: HORITO S. , ASANO K. , UMEMURA K. , HASHIMOTO H. , YOSHIMURA J.
Published: May 2016

Die Kondensation des benzylierten Gluconolactons (I) mit verschiedenen bis‐silylierten 1,2‐Diolen ergibt die diastereomeren Spiro‐orthoester.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTITUTED 6β‐VINYLPENICILLANIC ACIDS
Authors: FOULDS C. D. , JAXA‐CHAMIEC A. A. , O'SULLIVAN A. C. , SAMMES P. G.
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von der Reaktion zwischen dem Diazoester (I), den Phenylseleniden (II) bzw. (III) und dem Thiol (IV) lassen sich die gewünschten Carbonsäuren (V) und (VIa) bzw. (VIb) synthetisieren.
The potential impact of prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccination on oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Guo Theresa , Eisele David W. , Fakhry Carole
Published: May 2016

The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is significantly increasing in the United States. Given that these epidemiologic trends are driven by human papillomavirus (HPV), the potential impact of prophylactic HPV vaccines on the prevention of OPC is of interest. The primary evidence supporting the approval of current prophylactic HPV vaccines is from large phase 3 clinical trials focused on the prevention of genital disease (cervical and anal cancer, as well as genital warts). These trials reported vaccine efficacy rates of 89% to 98% for the prevention of both premalignant lesions and persistent genital infections. However, these trials were designed before the etiologic relationship between HPV and OPC was established. There are differences in the epidemiology of oral and genital HPV infection, such as differences in age and sex distributions, which suggest that the vaccine efficacy observed in genital cancers may not be directly translatable to the cancers of the oropharynx. Evaluation of vaccine efficacy is challenging in the oropharynx because no premalignant lesion analogous to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in cervical cancer has yet been identified. To truly investigate the efficacy of these vaccines in the oropharynx, additional clinical trials with feasible endpoints are needed. Cancer 2016;122:2313–2323. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
CLIP‐seq to Identify KSHV ORF57‐Binding RNA in Host B Cells
Authors: Ma Yanping , Liu Poching , Majerciak Vladimir , Zhu Jun , Zheng Zhi‐Ming
Published: May 2016

Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a human gamma‐herpesvirus, is etiologically linked to the development of several malignancies, mainly Kaposi's sarcoma. Expressed as an early viral protein, KSHV ORF57 is essential for lytic replication and virion production. ORF57 selectively binds to a subset of viral RNA and affects nearly all aspects of viral RNA processing. To globally identify all viral and host RNA associated with KSHV ORF57 in the infected cells, we have utilized UV cross‐linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) of KSHV ORF57 combined with high‐throughput RNA sequencing (CLIP‐seq) to identify ORF57‐binding RNA in BCBL‐1 cells at genome‐wide level. This unit provides step‐by‐step details on this new method that is applicable for any pathogen or host RNA‐binding proteins by slight modification. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using Organotypic Epithelial Tissue Culture to Study the Human Papillomavirus Life Cycle
Authors: Lee Denis , Norby Kathryn , Hayes Mitchell , Chiu Ya‐Fang , Sugden Bill , Lambert Paul F.
Published: May 2016

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small double‐stranded DNA viruses that are associated with greater than 95% of cervical cancers and 20% of head and neck cancers. These cancers arise from persistent infections in which there is continued expression of the HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes, often as a consequence of integration of HPV DNA into the host genome. Such cancers represent “dead ends” for the virus as integration disrupts the viral genome and because the cancers are defective in normal epithelial differentiation, which is required for production of progeny papillomavirus. In order to study the full viral life cycle, from the establishment to maintenance to productive stages, our lab makes use of the organotypic epithelial tissue culture system. This system allows us to mimic the three‐dimensional structure of epithelia whose differentiation is tightly linked to the completion of the HPV viral life cycle. In this chapter we describe how various aspects of the HPV life cycle are monitored in raft cultures making use of an immortalized keratinocyte cell line. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Key roles of autophagy in regulating T‐cell function
Authors: Botbol Yair , Guerrero‐Ros Ignacio , Macian Fernando
Published: May 2016

In the past 10 years, autophagy has emerged as a crucial regulator of T‐cell homeostasis, activation, and differentiation. Through the ability to adjust the cell's proteome in response to different stimuli, different forms of autophagy have been shown to control T‐cell homeostasis and survival. Autophagic processes can also determine the magnitude of the T‐cell response to TCR engagement, by regulating the cellular levels of specific signaling intermediates and modulating the metabolic output in activated T cells. In this review we will examine the mechanisms that control autophagy activity in T cells, such as ROS signaling and signaling through common gamma‐chain cytokine receptors, and the different aspect of T‐cell biology, including T‐cell survival, effector cell function, and generation of memory, which can be regulated by autophagy.
Effects of the carrier frequency of interferential current on pain modulation and central hypersensitivity in people with chronic nonspecific low back pain: A randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Corrêa J.B. , Costa L.O.P. , Oliveira N.T.B. , Lima W.P. , Sluka K.A. , Liebano R.E.
Published: May 2016

Background

Interferential current (IFC) is commonly used for pain relief, but the effects of carrier frequency of the current and its action on pain mechanisms remain unclear. This randomized placebo‐controlled trial tested the effects of IFC in people with chronic nonspecific low back pain.

Methods

One hundred and fifty participants were randomly allocated into three groups: 1 kHz, 4 kHz and placebo. The primary outcomes were pain intensity at rest in the first session (immediate effect of the IFC), after 12 sessions, 4 months after randomization (follow‐up) and during movement (first and last session). The secondary outcomes were disability, global perceived effect, functional performance, discomfort caused by the IFC, use of analgesics and physiological measures of pain.

Results

Only during the first session, there was a significant decrease in pain intensity in the active groups. However, there were no differences in the improvement of pain at rest or during movement in the active groups compared to the placebo group in the remaining sessions. The frequency use of analgesics was significantly decreased in the active groups. For pain physiology measures, there was a significant increase in pressure pain thresholds in both active groups compared to the placebo group and a reduction in the temporal summation in the 1 kHz group compared to the other groups.

Conclusions

These results suggest that although the IFC has changed some physiological mechanisms of pain and showed decrease frequency use of pain medication, there was no change in the primary aim, pain intensity.

What does this study add?

The interferential current (IFC) presented advantages in the physiological measures of pain and showed decrease frequency use of pain medication.

Future studies should investigate analgesic intake with IFC treatment.
Translocation t(11;14) in newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma: Is it always favorable?
Authors: Leiba Merav , Duek Adrian , Amariglio Ninette , Avigdor Abraham , Benyamini Noam , Hardan Izhar , Zilbershats Itay , Ganzel Chezi , Shevetz Olga , Novikov Ilya , Cohen Yossi , Ishoev Galina , Rozic Gabriela , Nagler Arnon , Trakhtenbrot Luba
Published: May 2016

The most common translocation in multiple myeloma (MM) is t(11;14)(q13;q32). According to several studies, this translocation represents a unique subset of patients with relatively favorable outcomes. Using combined analyses of morphology and fluorescence in situ hybridization (I‐FISH), we examined the co‐occurrence rates of t(11;14) with seven chromosomal aberrations (CAs), del(13q), del(17p), del(1p), gain(1q), multiple gains(1q), del(16q), and del(IGH), and assessed the effect of the different combinations on patient outcomes, with overall survival (OS) as the main outcome measure. Bone marrow samples and clinical data from 212 patients with MM with t(11;14) were analyzed. At least two additional CAs were found in 35% (75/205) of patients and a strong correlation between specific CAs. The occurrence of three CAs [multiple gains of (1q) (HR = 6.94, P = 0.001), del(1p) (HR = 4.47, P = 0.008), and del(IGH) (HR = 2.38, P = 0.002)] exerted a profoundly deleterious effect on median OS when compared with patients with t(11;14) only. Del(17p) and del(13q) have also exerted a deleterious effect albeit to a lesser extent (HR = 2.05, P = 0.07 and HR = 1.81, P = 0.03, respectively). When compared with t(11;14) alone, the addition of certain CAs lead to worse outcomes. These findings may have important clinical and biological implications. Patients with coexisting adverse lesions and t(11;14) may be considered at high risk and managed accordingly. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Holding the Tension
Authors: Feudtner Chris
Published: May 2016

My colleagues and I had been asked by a member of a clinical team to help sort through the ethics of stopping a life‐sustaining intervention for a very ill child. We had already talked with the parents, the physicians, and the folks from nursing, social work, and chaplaincy. Terms like “suffering,” “cruel,” “compassion,” and “moral distress” had been uttered, as had terms like “inappropriate,” “unethical,” “neglectful,” and “risk‐management.” The group had now stuffed all of these polarizing thoughts and feelings into this cramped room with only one door. And everyone was looking at me. What skill, competency, or inner capacity must one possess to hold and manage such tension?
The Spectroscopic Features of Ionized Water Medium: Theoretical Characterization and Implication Using (H2O)n+, n=3–4, Cluster Model
Authors: Pan Piin‐Ruey , Lu En‐Ping , Kuo Jer‐Lai , Tsai Ming‐Kang
Published: May 2016

A model using (H2O)n+, n=3–4, clusters was adopted to study the spectroscopic features of ionized water medium. The finite clusters were characterized using a systematic searching algorithm to locate the stable minimum structures. The electronic transition features of the minimum structures were calculated using Symmetry Adapted Cluster/Configuration Interaction (SAC‐CI) and Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) approaches. A new type of minimum structure – SolCat, a cationic water monomer being directly solvated by two proton‐acceptor solvent molecules, was identified in addition to the proton transfer (PT) and hemibonding (Hm) isomers. CCSD(T)/aug‐cc‐pVTZ//CCSD/aug‐cc‐pVDZ was adopted to characterize the minimum structures of (H2O)n+, n=2–4, clusters, and this theory level provided the converged energetics for (H2O)2+ clusters and showed consistent results as the early EOM‐IP‐CC(2,3)//EOM‐IP‐CCSD calculations reported by Pieniazek et al. [J. Phys. Chem. A, 112, 6159–6170 (2008)]. For describing the larger size of clusters, BH&HLYP and BNL functionals were recommended for the economical geometry searching and sampling. The electronic transition features predicted by BH&HLYP and BNL functional gave the best vertical excitation energy with respect to the SAC‐CI method. Taking into account the population probability and the oscillator strength, the electronic transition of the transient but spectroscopically‐sensitive Hm and SolCat species could not be neglected at high temperature condition.
Training intraverbal naming to establish equivalence class performances
Authors: Ma Monica L. , Miguel Caio F. , Jennings Adrienne M.
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this three‐experiment study was to evaluate whether performance consistent with the formation of equivalence classes could be established after training adults to tact and intraverbally relate the names of visual stimuli. Fourteen participants were exposed to tact training, listener testing, and intraverbal training (A'B’ and B'C’) prior to matching‐to‐sample (MTS) and intraverbal posttests presented in different sequences across experiments. All participants demonstrated emergent MTS and intraverbal relations consistent with equivalence class formation. More importantly, all participants emitted experimentally defined or self‐generated tacts or intraverbally named the correct sample‐comparison pairs at some point during posttests. These results are consistent with the intraverbal naming account (Horne & Lowe, 1996) in that participants who passed novel relations MTS tests also demonstrated emergence of corresponding intraverbal relations. However, verbal reports and latency data suggest that participants did not necessarily have to use intraverbal naming as a problem solving strategy continuously throughout MTS posttests. These results extended previous research by showing that verbal behavior training of baseline relations (A'B’ and B'C’) is sufficient to establish novel conditional relations consistent with equivalence class formation.
Does overall reinforcer rate affect discrimination of time‐based contingencies?
Authors: Cowie Sarah , Davison Michael , Blumhardt Luca , Elliffe Douglas
Published: May 2016

Overall reinforcer rate appears to affect choice. The mechanism for such an effect is uncertain, but may relate to reinforcer rate changing the discrimination of the relation between stimuli and reinforcers. We assessed whether a quantitative model based on a stimulus‐control approach could be used to account for the effects of overall reinforcer rate on choice under changing time‐based contingencies. On a two‐key concurrent schedule, the likely availability of a reinforcer reversed when a fixed time had elapsed since the last reinforcer, and the overall reinforcer rate was varied across conditions. Changes in the overall reinforcer rate produced a change in response bias, and some indication of a change in discrimination. These changes in bias and discrimination always occurred quickly, usually within the first session of a condition. The stimulus‐control approach provided an excellent account of the data, suggesting that changes in overall reinforcer rate affect choice because they alter the frequency of reinforcers obtained at different times, or in different stimulus contexts, and thus change the discriminated relation between stimuli and reinforcers. These findings support the notion that temporal and spatial discriminations can be understood in terms of discrimination of reinforcers across time and space.
An Efficient and Facile Synthesis of Functionalized Indole‐3‐yl Pyrazole Derivatives Starting from 3‐Cyanoacetylindole
Authors: El‐Mekabaty Ahmed , Mesbah Ahmed , Fadda Ahmed A.
Published: May 2016

The versatile hitherto reported 3‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐amine (4) was synthesized by the reaction of 3‐cyanoacetylindole (3) with hydrazine hydrate in refluxing ethanol and used as a key intermediate for the synthesis of novel pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines via its reactions with appropriate 1,3‐biselectrophilic reagents or through three‐component condensations with triethyl orthoformate and compounds possessing an activated methylene group. Besides, the applicability and synthetic potency of (4) to attain polyfunctionally substituted imidazo[1,2‐b]pyrazole, pyrazolo[1,5‐a][1,3]diazepine and pyrazolo[1,5‐c][1,3,5]thiadiazine derivatives of an expected pharmaceutical interest have been investigated. The mechanistic aspects for the formation of the newly synthesized compounds are discussed.
Comparison of three methods of interpolating soil moisture in Oklahoma
Authors: Yuan Shanshui , Quiring Steven M.
Published: May 2016

Interpolating soil moisture at the regional scale (104–107 km2) is challenging because in situ observations tend to be sparse, and hydrometeorological conditions and soil characteristics have significant spatial variability. This study is the first to apply the reduced optimal interpolation (ROI) method to soil moisture. The ROI method uses both in situ and variable infiltration capacity (VIC) simulated‐soil moisture to generate interpolated soil moisture surfaces in Oklahoma. The ROI method is based on an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis that identifies the leading spatial modes of soil moisture variation based on the model simulation and then applies these EOFs using the temporal variations in the observed soil moisture. The interpolated soil moisture surfaces generated using ROI are compared with Cokriging, which also uses VIC simulations as a secondary input, and the inverse distance weighting (IDW) approach. The accuracy of all three interpolation methods are evaluated using soil moisture measurements from 65 stations. The ROI method is significantly more accurate than IDW and it also outperforms Cokriging. We demonstrate that ROI can be used to accurately depict the spatial patterns of soil moisture at the local and regional level.
Fine Control of Side Chains in Random π‐Conjugated Terpolymers for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Jialin , Kong Lingqiang , Liang Ziqi
Published: May 2016

Rational molecular design of π‐conjugated donor polymers is critical for developing high‐performance organic solar cells. Random copolymerization strategy is a facile method of synergistic fine‐tuning the light absorption, HOMO/LUMO energy levels, charge mobility, and solubility of donor (D)–acceptor (A) copolymers. Terpolymers PF8TBT which composed of three components, i.e., electron‐rich 9,9‐dioctylfluorene (F8), electron‐deficient benzothiadiazole (BT), and π‐bridge thiophene (T) moieties, are designed in such a way that only F8 unit possesses soluble side‐chains. This strategy enables a facile and precise control of the influences of side chains on solubility, energy levels, molecular packing, and fullerene (PCBM) intercalation of PF8TBT. The optimal terpolymer PF8TBT21 (F8:T:BT = 0.67:1:0.33 mol%) maximally balances the solubility and the PL quenching efficiency with PCBM while exhibiting notable π–π stacking. The resulting additive‐free inverted photovoltaic cell based on the PF8TBT21:PCBM blend shows a power conversion efficiency of 3.88% with an impressive open‐circuit voltage close to 1 V.

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m‐Microlocal elliptic pseudodifferential operators acting on
Authors: Garello Gianluca , Morando Alessandro
Published: May 2016

In the first part of the paper we study the minimal and maximal extension of a class of weighted pseudodifferential operators in the Fréchet space . In the second one non homogeneous microlocal properties are introduced and propagation of Sobolev singularities for solutions to (pseudo)differential equations is given. For both the arguments actual examples are provided.