bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
चुम्बा समुदायको जीवन संस्कार : वर्तमान अवस्था
Authors: Gurung Nir Bahadur
Published: August 2023

यो लेखको प्रमुख उद्देश्य चुम्बा समुदायको जीवन संस्कार सम्बन्धी दार्शनिक, सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक तथा आर्थिक दृष्टिकोणले वर्तमान अवस्थालाई उजागर गर्नु हो। हिमाली उपत्यका बौद्ध संस्कृतिले सम्पन्न क्षेत्र हो। चुम उपत्यका त्यस्तै बौद्ध सम्पदाले सम्पन्न उपत्यका हो । यो अध्ययन वर्णनात्मक ढाँचामा गरिएको गुणात्मक प्रकृतिको अध्ययन हो। यसमा निगमनात्मक विधि अपनाइएको छ । यसमा प्रयोग गरिएका तथ्याङ्क प्राथमिक स्रोतबाट प्रत्यक्ष अवलोकन, अन्तर्वार्ता जस्ता विधिद्वारा सङ्कलन गरिएका छन् । पुस्तक, अनुसन्धान प्रतिवेदन, अनुसन्धानमूलक लेख, संस्थागत प्रतिवेदन जस्ता द्वितीयक  स्रोतहरूबाट पनि तथ्याङ्कहरू लिइएका छन् । सञ्चार प्रविधि, सडक, यातायात, शिक्षाको विकास तथा सामाजिक गतिशीलता, बसाइसराइ, विश्वव्यापीकरणको चुनौतिको बावजुद पनि चुम्बाहरूले आफ्नो जीवन संस्कारलाई समय सापेक्ष परीवर्तनका साथै निरन्तरतालाई पनि कायम राख्दै आएको कुरा यस अध्ययनको निष्कर्ष हो।
Democratic Peace and Liberal Peace: Argumentative and Intentions
Authors: Sharqi Assist  prof. Dr. Nahreen Jawad
Published: August 2023

Some people believe that the concept of liberal peace should be seen in relation to the thesis of democratic peace. This literature focused more on whether democratic countries are more peaceful in their foreign relations and tried to provide a theoretical and empirical explanation for this. The democratic peace thesis states the following: 1) Democratic states rarely fight each other. 2) Democratic countries tend to be more open to international trade than non-democratic ones, which creates interdependencies that prevent war from breaking out between them.3) Democracies tend to be more internally peaceful than other systems. Here, it is important to point out that the thesis of democratic peace is closely related to Immanuel Kant’s idea of “perpetual peace”. As for the liberal peace thesis, from Richmond’s point of view, it bears four main aspects that emerged from the discussions in international theory and the different historical contexts related to the subject, especially in the West. These include the four aspects of liberal peace (victorious peace, constitutional peace, institutional peace, and civil peace). Richmond noted that the peace of the victor is the result of the old realist argument that peace depends on military victory and on the domination of the victor. But the peace of the victor may result in political resistance, as in Iraq and Afghanistan. The second, constitutional peace, derives from the Kantian argument that peace is the result of democracy, commerce, and a set of universal values based on individualism. Richmond notes that "the constitutional peace struggles with those who do not want to share power, and who do not want to entrench local legal structures that might prohibit their activities." As for institutional peace, it is the peace that results from normative and legal institutional arrangements between countries that agree - in a multilateral manner - on ways to act and impose or define their behavior. This can be found in international institutions such as the United Nations as well as regional organizations such as the European Union, the African Union (AU), the League of Arab States (AL), the Organization of American States (OAS), and subregional organizations such as the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The fourth aspect, (civil peace), which emphasizes the importance of the participation of citizens and civil society institutions in making peace. Unlike the other three aspects of liberal peace, the contribution of individuals rather than the state or international organization is included in this strategy.
Faculty Development at Community Colleges in U.S. Rural Contexts
Authors: McNamee Ty C. , Van Horn Austin D.
Published: August 2023

Hundreds of community colleges exist in rural contexts across the United States, yet we know little about the work and career development of the thousands of faculty employed at such institutions. Through a review of current literature, this article demonstrates how faculty at rural community colleges encounter specific factors in their professorial development because of these rural contexts in which their home institutions reside. From that literature, one can determine that factors playing a role in rural community college faculty development include (a) isolation and institution size, (b) multiple and multifaceted roles, (c) joy of working and engaging with students, (d) recruitment and retention of women faculty and faculty of color, and (d) recruitment and retention of academically qualified individuals. From those literature review findings, policy and practice recommendations around rural community college faculty are provided, such as creating and enhancing professional development opportunities and increasing recruitment and retention efforts for women faculty and faculty of color. In order to contribute more knowledge to supporting the development of rural community college-based faculty members, this article ends with future research ideas.
Pengaruh Bimbingan Kelompok dengan Teknik Modeling Terhadap Tingkat Percaya Diri Siswa SMPN Sukorambi
Authors: Sari Deli Puspita Sari , Ulfa Noviana Marifatul Ulfa , Mawaddati Ika Romika Mawaddati
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini membahas tentang pengaruh teknik modeling terhadap tingkat percaya diri siswa SMP N Sukorambi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII dengan sampel sebanyak 25 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data dengan mengunakan observasi, wawancara, dan kuesioner. Sebelum disebarkan, angket diuji validasi dan reliabilitas. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Uji Wilcoxon Match Pairs Test. Hasil penelitian adalah : Terdapat pengaruh dari teknik modeling terhadap tingkat percaya diri siswa. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan perhitungan rata-rata tingkat percaya diri siswa sebelum diberikan perlakuan dengan teknik modeling adalah sebesar 29% dan setelah diberikan perlakuan dengan teknik modeling mengalami peningkatan sebesar 45% hingga menjadi 74%. Dari uji wilxcon mengunakan SPSS versi 25.00 hasil tabel menunjukkan output, maka menunjukkan kolom Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,009 nilai tersebut lebih kecil dari 0,05 maka bisa diartikan bahwa ada perbedaan pada percaya diri siswa yang signifikan untuk pretest dan postest (hipotesis diterima). Dapat disimpukan bahwa ada pengaruhnya antara teknik modeling terhadap tingkat percaya diri siswa.
Pengaruh Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok dengan Tekhnik Self Management untuk Mengurangi Perilaku Shopaholic Online Shop pada Santri Kelas 6 Madin di Pesantren Ngashor
Authors: Rosida Devi Yulivatur
Published: August 2023

Penelitian inii untuk menurunkan perilaku shopaholic online shop pada santri kelas 6 madin pesantren ngashor Gumukmas Jember, Dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Banyak santriwati yang royal karena gaya hidup mereka yang bergengsi, sehingga mereka tidak bisa mengontrol dirinya untuk membeli barang-barang yang diinginkan. penelitian ini menggunakan eksperimen yaitu quasi eksperimen model desain One-Group pretestposttest design.  Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan data hasil uji Wilcoxon dengan hasil Sig. (-2 tailed) yang menyatakan yaitu 0,018, lebih kecil dari 0,025 yang artinya uji Wilcoxon dinyatakan diterima. Dari hasil tersebut bisa disimpulkan jika terdapat pengaruh dari layanan  bimbingan kelompok menggunakan Tekhnik Self-Management untuk mengurangi perilaku shopaholic online shop pada santri kelas 6 madin dipesantren ngashor Gumukmas Jember.
Pengaruh Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok dengan Teknik Permainan Simulasi Terhadap Penyesuaian Diri Siswa Kelas X SMK MINQU Gumukmas Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022
Authors: Chasanah Uswatun
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan guna meningkatkan penyesuaian diri pada siswa kelas X SMK MINQU Gumukmas. Penyesuaian diri merupakan salah satu cara agar siswa dapat beradaptasi dan menjalani kehidupan normal dalam hubungannya dengan lingkungan sekolah sehingga dapat menerima dirinya dengan baik serta merasakan lingkungan sosialnya. Sementara itu, sebagian siswa kelas X SMK Minqu memiliki penyesuaian diri yang rendah, seperti menarik diri dari lingkungan, kesulitan berkomunikasi, sedikit teman, dan rasa malu yang mengganggu diskusi kelompok. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan adaptasi diri siswa kelas X SMK MINQU. Desain peenelitian digunakan ialah desain pre-experimental dengan one pretest posttestt group. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis statistik non--parametrik digunakan sebagai uji Wilcoxon. Hasil data yang digunakan ialah 29 siswa yang belum treatment (pretest) dan 7 siswa ang sudah treatment (posttest). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa data dari uji Wilcoxon dinyatakan diterima dengan Asym Sig. 0,016, < 0,05, yang berarti uji Wilcoxon dapat diterima.dan bisa disimpulkan jika tedapat pengaruh dar bimbingan kelompok menggunakan tekhnik permainan simulasi terhadap penyesuaian diri siswa.
Le Cercle de la Réforme de l’État - Réussir les projets complexes : un enjeu d’efficacité de l’action publique et de cohésion sociale - Éléments de méthode pour la maîtrise d’ouvrage
Authors: Babusiaux Christian , Rapoport Jacques , Ambrosini Jean-Marc , Pallez Frédérique
Published: August 2023

Transitions écologique, énergétique, numérique, transformation du système sanitaire, l’État annonce un nombre de projets complexes considérablement supérieur à celui des décennies précédentes. Il doit se doter des moyens et des méthodes pour en assurer la maîtrise d’ouvrage et la conduite. Le Cercle de la réforme de l’État dégage un ensemble de recommandations selon des axes essentiels : la gouvernance des projets, l’association des parties prenantes, le cadrage financier, les ressources humaines.
Le difficile accès aux entreprises dans les évaluations de politiques publiques Enjeux et possibles mécanismes d’intéressement
Authors: Farvaque Nicolas , Loucif Mohamed , Rollandt Kevin
Published: August 2023

Les entreprises sont centrales dans l’évaluation des politiques publiques, en tant qu’actrices et usagères de celles-ci. Pourtant, en pratique, des difficultés réelles existent et peuvent faire obstacle à leur pleine implication dans les projets évaluatifs. Dans ce contexte, à partir d’observations de terrain rencontrées tant par les institutions publiques que par les cabinets d’évaluation, cette contribution envisage plusieurs pistes pour y remédier.
Le régime juridique de l’emprunt communautaire de la Communauté économique et monétaire de l’Afrique centrale (CEMAC)
Authors: Ebanga Nicanore Uriel
Published: August 2023

Le régime juridique de l’emprunt communautaire de la CEMAC ne comporte de contraintes, ni au stade de l’émission, ni au stade de l’extinction. Il s’agit tout simplement d’un régime permissif.
Surgical management of brain metastasis from ovarian cancer: a systematic review and case series
Authors: Costello Meredith C. , Venigalla Greeshma , Merenzon Martín A. , Bhatia Shovan , Morell Alexis A. , Daggubati Lekhaj , Luther Evan , Shah Ashish H. , Komotar Ricardo J. , Ivan Michael E.
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE

Ovarian cancer is a rare origin of brain metastasis (BM), with an incidence of only 1%–3%. Consequently, the literature is sparse, and no treatment consensus guideline is available for ovarian BM. The authors conducted a systematic review of ovarian BM and performed a combined pooled cohort survival analysis with their case series.

METHODS

A systematic review of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science consistent with PRISMA guidelines along with an institutional retrospective chart review was conducted. Inclusion criteria for the systematic review included patients with confirmed BM and primary ovarian cancer, reported perioperative complications and outcomes, differentiated histology, and explicitly reported individual patient data. Reviews, commentaries, technical notes, and articles without English-language translations were excluded. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used independently by the first and second authors to assess the quality of each article. The authors performed univariate and multivariate analyses of several survival prognostic factors. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated for significant prognostic factors in the univariate analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 48 patients with individual data across 34 studies and 8 patients from the authors’ institution were included. All patients (n = 56) underwent resection for BM; 83.9% received adjuvant radiotherapy following surgery and 41.1% of patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. The median progression-free survival was 12 months (range 2–43 months). The median overall survival was 9 months (range 1–49 months). On univariate analysis, a single BM and no extracranial metastasis conferred a survival benefit, while clear cell carcinoma as the primary histology corresponded to worsened OS. Multivariable analysis showed that age > 50 years (p = 0.002) and > 1 BM (p < 0.001) were risk factors for poor prognosis. Protective factors included the addition of the following multimodal adjuvant therapy with surgery: radiotherapy (p = 0.002), chemotherapy and radiotherapy (p = 0.005), and stereotactic radiosurgery (p = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS

Although the scarcity of published individual patient data hinders the determination of optimal management, the authors’ analysis highlights that multimodal therapies, a single cranial lesion, and age < 50 years are associated with increased survival for patients with ovarian BMs.
Comparison of preoperative versus postoperative treatment dosimetry plans of single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery for surgically resected brain metastases
Authors: Cheok Stephanie K. , Yu Cheng , Feng Jeffrey J. , Briggs Robert G. , Chow Frances , Hwang Lindsay , Ye Jason C. , Attenello Frank J. , Tran David , Chang Eric , Zada Gabriel
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for operative brain metastasis (BrM) is usually administered 1 to 6 weeks after resection. Preoperative versus postoperative timing of SRS delivery related to surgery remains a critical question, as a pattern of failure is the development of leptomeningeal disease (LMD) in as many as 35% of patients who undergo postoperative SRS or the occurrence of radiation necrosis. As they await level I clinical data from ongoing trials, the authors aimed to bridge the gap by comparing postoperative with simulated preoperative single-fraction SRS dosimetry plans for patients with surgically resected BrM.

METHODS

The authors queried their institutional database to retrospectively identify patients who underwent postoperative Gamma Knife SRS (GKSRS) after resection of BrM between January 2014 and January 2021. Exclusion criteria were prior radiation delivered to the lesion, age < 18 years, and prior diagnosis of LMD. Once identified, a simulated preoperative SRS plan was designed to treat the unresected BrM and compared with the standard postoperative treatment delivered to the resection cavity per Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 90–05 guidelines. Numerous comparisons between preoperative and postoperative GKSRS treatment parameters were then made using paired statistical analyses.

RESULTS

The authors’ cohort included 45 patients with a median age of 59 years who were treated with GKSRS after resection of a BrM. Primary cancer origins included colorectal cancer (27%), non–small cell lung cancer (22%), breast cancer (11%), melanoma (11%), and others (29%). The mean tumor and cavity volumes were 15.06 cm3 and 12.61 cm3, respectively. In a paired comparison, there was no significant difference in the planned treatment volumes between the two groups. When the authors compared the volume of surrounding brain that received 12 Gy or more (V12Gy), an important predictor of radiation necrosis, 64% of patient plans in the postoperative SRS group (29/45, p = 0.008) recorded greater V12 volumes. Preoperative plans were more conformal (p < 0.001) and exhibited sharper dose drop-off at the lesion margins (p = 0.0018) when compared with postoperative plans.

CONCLUSIONS

Comparison of simulated preoperative and delivered postoperative SRS plans administered to the BrM or resection cavity suggested that preoperative SRS allows for more highly conformal lesional coverage and sharper dose drop-off compared with postoperative plans. Furthermore, V12Gy was lower in the presurgical GKSRS plans, which may account for the decreased incidence of radiation necrosis seen in prior retrospective studies.
Epidemiology and survival outcomes of synchronous and metachronous brain metastases: a retrospective population-based study
Authors: Jiang Kelly , Parker Megan , Materi Joshua , Azad Tej D. , Kamson David O. , Kleinberg Lawrence , Ye Xiaobu , Rincon-Torroella Jordina , Bettegowda Chetan
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE

Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common CNS tumors, yet their prevalence is difficult to determine. Most studies only report synchronous metastases, which make up a fraction of all BMs. The authors report the incidence and prognosis of patients with synchronous and metachronous BMs over a decade.

METHODS

Study data were obtained from the TriNetX Research Network. Patients were included if they had a primary cancer diagnosis and a BM diagnosis, with primary cancer occurring between January 1, 2013, and January 1, 2023. Metachronous BM was defined as BM diagnosed more than 2 months after the primary cancer. Cohorts were balanced by propensity score matching for age, extracranial metastasis, and antineoplastic or radiation therapy. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to evaluate survival differences between synchronous and metachronous BMs and associations with clinical conditions. A log-rank test was used to evaluate BM-free survival for metachronous BM and overall survival (OS) for all BMs. Hazard ratios and 95% CIs were calculated.

RESULTS

Of the 11,497,663 patients with 15 primary cancers identified, 300,863 (2.6%) developed BMs. BMs most commonly arose from lung and breast cancers and melanoma. Of all BMs, 113,827 (37.8%) presented synchronously and 187,036 (62.2%) presented metachronously. Lung and bronchial cancer had the highest metastasis rate (11.0%) and the highest synchronous presentation (51.0%). For metachronous presentations, the time from primary diagnosis to metastasis ranged from 1.3 to 2.5 years, averaging 1.8 years. Metachronous BM diagnosis was associated with longer survival over synchronous BM from primary diagnosis (11.54 vs 37.41 months, p < 0.0001), but shorter survival than extracranial metastases without BM (38.75 vs 69.18 months, p < 0.0001). Antineoplastic therapy prior to BM was associated with improved BM-free survival (4.46 vs 17.80 months, p < 0.0001) and OS (25.15 vs 42.26 months, p < 0.0001). Radiotherapy showed a similar effect that was statistically significant but modest for BM-free survival (5.25 vs 11.44 months, p < 0.0001) and OS (30.13 vs 32.82 months, p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

The majority of BMs present metachronously and arise within 2 years of primary cancer diagnosis. The substantial rate of BMs presenting within 6 months of primary cancer, especially liver, lung, and pancreatic cancer, may guide future recommendations on intracranial staging. Antineoplastic therapy prior to the development of BM may prolong the time before metastasis and improve survival. Further characterization of this population can better inform screening, prevention, and treatment efforts.
Genomic alterations associated with rapid progression of brain metastases
Authors: Uggerly Amalie S. V. , Cummins Daniel D. , Nguyen Minh P. , Saggi Satvir , Goldschmidt Ezequiel , Chang Edward F. , McDermott Michael W. , Berger Mitchel S. , Theodosopoulos Philip V. , Hervey-Jumper Shawn L. , Daras Mariza , Aghi Manish K. , Morshed Ramin A.
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate associations between genomic alterations in resected brain metastases and rapid local and distant CNS recurrence identified at the time of postoperative adjuvant radiosurgery.

METHODS

This was a retrospective study on patients who underwent resection of intracranial brain metastases. Next-generation sequencing of more than 500 coding genes was performed on brain metastasis specimens. Postoperative and preradiosurgery MR images were compared to identify rapid recurrence. Genomic data were associated with rapid local and distant CNS recurrence of brain metastases using nominal regression analyses.

RESULTS

The cohort contained 92 patients with 92 brain metastases. Thirteen (14.1%) patients had a rapid local recurrence, and 64 (69.6%) patients had rapid distant CNS progression by the time of postoperative adjuvant radiosurgery, which occurred in a median time of 25 days (range 3–85 days) from surgery. RB1 and CTNNB1 mutations were seen in 8.7% and 9.8% of the cohort, respectively, and were associated with a significantly higher risk of rapid local recurrence (RB1: OR 13.6, 95% CI 2.0–92.39, p = 0.008; and CTNNB1: OR 11.97, 95% CI 2.25–63.78, p = 0.004) on multivariate analysis. No genes were found to be associated with rapid distant CNS progression. However, the presence of extracranial disease was significantly associated with a higher risk of rapid distant recurrence on multivariate analysis (OR 4.06, 95% CI 1.08–15.34, p = 0.039).

CONCLUSIONS

Genomic alterations in RB1 or CTNNB1 were associated with a significantly higher risk of rapid recurrence at the resection site. Although no genomic alterations were associated with rapid distant recurrence, having active extracranial disease was a risk factor for new lesions by the time of adjuvant radiotherapy after resection.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for distant brain metastases secondary to esthesioneuroblastoma: a single-institution series
Authors: Zamarud Aroosa , Yener Ulas , Yoo Kelly H. , Park David J. , Marianayagam Neelan J. , Ho Quoc-Anh , Pollom Erqi , Soltys Scott , Wang Lei , Chang Steven D. , Meola Antonio
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE

Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB), also known as olfactory neuroblastoma, is a rare, malignant tumor of neuroectodermal origin that arises from the olfactory neuroepithelium. In this study the authors present the first series in the literature on distant brain metastases (BMs) secondary to ENB that were treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of SRS for this indication.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis of clinical and radiological outcomes of patients with ENB who underwent CyberKnife (CK) SRS at a single center was conducted. The clinical and radiological outcomes of patients, including progression-free survival, overall survival, and local tumor control (LTC) were reported.

RESULTS

Between 2003 and 2022, 32 distant BMs in 8 patients were treated with CK SRS at Stanford University. The median patient age at BM diagnosis was 62 years (range 47–75 years). Among 32 lesions, 2 (6%) had previously been treated with surgery, whereas for all other lesions (30 [94%]), CK SRS was used as their primary treatment modality. The median target volume was 1.5 cm3 (range 0.09–21.54 cm3). CK SRS was delivered by a median marginal dose of 23 Gy (range 15–30 Gy) and a median of 3 fractions (range 1–5 fractions) to a median isodose line of 77% (range 70%–88%). The median biologically effective dose was 48 Gy (range 21–99.9 Gy) and the median follow-up was 30 months (range 3–95 months). The LTC at 1-, 2-, and 3-year follow-up was 86%, 65%, and 50%, respectively. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 29 months (range 11–79 months) and 51 months (range 15–79 months), respectively. None of the patients presented adverse radiation effects.

CONCLUSIONS

In the authors’ experience, SRS provided excellent LTC without any adverse radiation effects for BMs secondary to ENB.
The role of the dura mater in cerebral metastases
Authors: Cozzi Francesca M. , Ampie Leonel , Laws Maxwell T. , Brown Desmond A.
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this review was to describe the immunological changes that take place in the dura mater in response to metastatic disease that seeds the CNS. The authors hypothesized that the dura’s anatomy and resident immune cell population play a role in enabling metastasis to the brain and leptomeninges.

METHODS

An extensive literature search was conducted to identify evidence that supports the dura’s participation in metastasis to the CNS. The authors’ hypothesis was informed by a recent upsurge in studies that have investigated the dura’s role in metastatic development, CNS infections, and autoimmunity. They reviewed this literature as well as the use of immunotherapy in treating brain metastases and how these therapies change the meningeal immune landscape to overcome and reverse tumor-promoting immunosuppression.

RESULTS

Evidence suggests that the unique architecture and immune cell profile of the dura, compared with other immune compartments within the CNS, facilitate entry of metastatic tumor cells into the brain. Once these tumor cells penetrate the dural barrier, they propagate an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Therefore, immunotherapy may serve to overcome this immunosuppressive environment and liberate proinflammatory immune cells in an effort to combat metastatic disease.

CONCLUSIONS

Within the next few years, the authors expect the addition of several more scientific studies into the literature that further underscore the dura as a chief participant and neuroanatomical barrier in neuro-oncology.
Microneurosurgical treatment of a small perimesencephalic pure pial arterial malformation: an under-recognized etiology of angiographically occult subarachnoid hemorrhage. Illustrative case
Authors: Sterner Robert C. , Greeneway Garret P. , Erginoglu Ufuk , Martínez Santos Jaime L. , Baskaya Mustafa K.
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Pial arterial malformations (PAMs) are rare vascular lesions consisting of dilated tortuous arteries without venous drainage. Current PAM understanding is limited by the lesion’s rarity, limited anatomopathological studies, and frequent misclassifications.

OBSERVATIONS

A 23-year-old male experienced two spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAHs) over 6 months with initially unremarkable diagnostic cerebral angiograms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and angiography after the second SAH revealed a small perimesencephalic ovoid lesion within the left crural cistern, between the left superior and posterior cerebral arteries, appearing to be an exophytic cavernoma, a thrombosed aneurysm, or a hemorrhagic tumor. Microsurgical resection was achieved with a pterional craniotomy and anterior clinoidectomy. The resected lesion was characteristic of a pure PAM arising from superior cerebellar arterial branches.

LESSONS

Small pure PAMs can be deceitfully dynamic lesions causing episodes of hemorrhage, complete thrombosis (angiographically occult), recanalization, and rehemorrhage. Small thrombosed vascular malformations or aneurysms should be included in differential diagnoses of angiographically occult SAH. MRI can be diagnostic, but the true angioarchitecture can only be elucidated with microneurosurgery. The only definitive cure is removal. The microneurosurgical strategy should account for worst-case scenarios, provide adequate skull base exposures, and include bypass revascularization options when thrombosed aneurysms are encountered.
Financing Management for Poor Students: Internal or External?
Authors: Pratiwi Iqmatul
Published: August 2023

There are many children who do not go to school, they are more concerned with making a living for their survival. Even though the government has provided assistance to elementary schools in the form of Assistance for Poor Students, Jakarta Smart Card, and Smart Indonesia Program. The aim of this article is to describe whether the problem of financing education comes from internal or external because the government has provided inexpensive and free education in accordance with Article 31 of the 1945 Constitution. This research used a qualitative approach with case study design. This research used interview and observation techniques with stakeholders at public elementary schools in the Tebet area. Then conducted interviews with the principal, vice principal, treasurer, committee, class coordinator, and parents. Both internal and external factors are mutually sustainable, if one of the two does not support it will have an impact on children’s education. This research is more directed to internal factors, namely family factors, where financial management in the family is regulated by the parents. On average, they set aside 20% of their income for their children’s education. Sometimes some parents borrow money from relatives and neighbors if the situation is urgent.
Audiobook-Mediated Learning: Investigating the Effects of ‘Storynory’ on Listening Skill
Authors: Purba Erlynda Christia , Yana Dewi , Putri Aulia , Edi Warno
Published: August 2023

Audiobooks have received attention as learning media, and have been studied for language-learning benefits. However, Storynory audiobooks’ effects on listening skills are poorly studied. Understanding its effect can help educators and policymakers create effective instructional approaches. So, the objective of this study was to assess the potential impact of ‘Storynory’ audiobooks on the listening abilities. This study was carried out at SMA Kartini Batam on the odd semester of 2022/2023 academic year, employing a quantitative with quasi-experimental design.  This study used two tests in collecting the data, namely a pre-test and a post-test. The study’s control group was comprised of 27 students, whereas the experimental group was composed of 19 students. The process of analyzing the data entailed the use of the Shapiro-Wilk technique to examine normality, the Levene Statistics test to evaluate homogeneity, and the t-test formula for the purpose of hypothesis testing. Based on the hypothesis testing, it was found that the t-value was 5.006, which exceeded the critical t-value of 2.101 (5.006 > 2.101). Therefore, the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. The findings indicate a moderate and statistically significant impact of Storynory implementation on the auditory aptitude of tenth-grade students at SMA Kartini Batam. This study provides evidence-based for teachers to improve listening instruction using Storynory Audiobook. Since this study was only carried out on a limited population, it is recommended that further researchers expand the population to provide a broader understanding of its effectiveness and generalization.
Politeness Behavior in Social Interaction in Terms of the Level of Interest in Playing Online Games
Authors: Ramadhani Indri Anugrah , Asrul Asrul , Wimbri Fauda Arni
Published: August 2023

Students in the current era prioritize playing online games over social interaction, so it impacts deviant social behavior for adolescents, especially those addicted to playing online games. This study aims to analyze politeness behavior in social interaction in terms of students’ level of interest in playing the Garena Free Fire game. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection techniques include: observation of students and parents, interviews with students and parents, and documentation. The research population were Grade V and VI Sekolah Dasar (SD) Muhammadiyah Majaran Kabupaten Sorong, with six students and six parents/guardians. The study’s findings obtained observational data that two students did not show the aspect of speaking ethics while the other four students responded sufficiently, the aspect of responding to questions there were four students and two other students were quite good. Three students and three others did not respond in obeying their parents’ orders. The habitual aspect of laughter is two students; the other four could be more responsive. This shows that the hobby of playing the Garena free fire game for students does not all have a bad impact on polite social interaction behavior but also has a positive effect. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with six parents/guardians of students, and found that all parents/guardians provided the opportunity to play games with various agreements. This study concluded that the hobby of playing Garena Free Fire online games has a positive and negative role in politeness behavior in terms of the social interaction.
Micro Learning for Undergraduate Students’ Writing Ability: An Effect on Writing English Text
Authors: Fauziah Desna , Nawir Erna , Susanti Susi , Bueraheng Robeeyah , Ridhoni Wahyu , Elsara Wenny
Published: August 2023

One of the factors that generate lack of students’ writing competence is the teaching methods used by the lecturer which is less desirable by the students. Micro learning comes as one of the alternatives to deliver the knowledge to the students which became the focus of this study on seeing the significance of the strategy in improving students’ ability to write English text. This is an experimental research involving 64 participants which was done in Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat (UM Sumbar). The population of this study consisted of 124 students distributed across 4 classes. The sample selection was done using cluster random sampling, which resulted in one class being assigned as the experimental group and another class as the control group The data was gained by determining whether students have improved their writing scores (through writing rubric) by implementing micro teaching through pre-test and post-test. The researchers look for the statistical t-value with a significance level of <0.05. Furthermore, the researchers conduct further analysis through descriptive analysis using SPSS 24. The results of this research were obtained through a t-test with a significance level of 5% (0.05), yielding an observed t-value of 2.975, while the critical t-value was 2.306. These findings indicate that students' achievement in writing texts improved. Therefore, it can be concluded that micro-learning is an effective instructional method for enhancing the writing skills of English Education students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat.
Implementation of Phylogenetic Worksheet to Improve Students’ Tree Thinking and Critical Thinking Skills on Spermatophyte Classification
Authors: Rahmania Sofi , Hidayat Topik , Supriatno Bambang
Published: August 2023

Recent research shows that students’ ability to read and create phylogenetic trees (tree thinking) is low, meanwhile phylogenetic analysis has become one of the demands on the 2016 version of the 2013 curriculum. Learning using phylogenetic trees is thought to be able to train critical thinking skills as the demands of the 21st century. However, the use of phylogenetic worksheets, especially on Spermatophyte classification, is often skipped in learning activities at School. This research aims to determine the improvement of students’ tree thinking and critical thinking skills after implementing phylogenetic worksheets in Spermatophyte learning as a visual representation of tree-thinking abilities. This research type was experimental research with one group pretest posttest design that involving 29 students. The research data collection methods were test and interview. The research instruments that used are 25 multiple choice questions of tree-thinking test instrument and 10 essay questions of critical thinking test instrument. Data then analyzed by N-Gain test. The interview was conducted to obtain supporting data. The results showed that learning by implementing phylogenetic worksheets was quite effective in increasing critical thinking skills and tree-thinking skills with an average increase of both in the medium category. As a result, the spermatophyte classification learning using phylogenetic worksheet can be used as an alternative learning activity because it can improve tree thinking and critical thinking skills.
Building Students’ Confidence in Speaking English through Differentiated Instruction
Authors: Arianto Rika Sandi , Juhana Juhana , Ruminda Ruminda
Published: August 2023

Differentiated Instruction is a way of learning where teachers make adjustments in content, process, product, and learning environment to improve students’ learning ability. This research aims to explore how English teachers implement Differentiated Instruction and build students’ confidence in speaking English. This research was a case study. The informants were two English teachers of Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri (SMPN) 4 Jember, 31 students of class VIID, and 31 students of class VIIF. The data were collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The data were analyzed using data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results showed that the English teachers had implemented all elements of Differentiated Instruction to build students’ confidence in speaking English. In the interview, the teachers stated that they used various methods such as presentation, discussion, question and answer, and games to make students confident in speaking English. The interview results were in line with the observation results where during the implementation of Differentiated Instruction, teachers had provided various activities to encourage students to be more confident in speaking English. Based on the questionnaire results, there was an increasement in students’ confidence in speaking English during the implementation of Differentiated Instruction. The finding showed that the confidence of students in classes VIID and VIIF to speak English increased by 6.23% for class VIID and 1.72% for class VIIF. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that Differentiated Instruction can increase students’ confidence in speaking English.
Enhancing Reading Abilities: Exploring the Interrelationships among Speed, Critical, and Creative Reading through Classroom-Based Action Research
Authors: Afifah Wiwiek , Soeharto Soeharto , Budiwati Tri Rina , Atmantika Zanuwar Hakim
Published: August 2023

When students have good level of speed, critical and creative reading abilities, they will easily understand scientific knowledge and able to understand big volume of reading sources. However, most of teaching reading are dominated with conventional methods emphasizing on reading with question-and-answer. For the reasons, this study explores how do reading skills for speed, critical, and creative interrelate to one another, what specific techniques can be applied to enhance the level of students’ speed, critical, and creative reading abilities, and how were the three readings skills interrelation and connected to Foreign Language Learning theories. The research design was classroom action research with the participants of 35 students from English Literature Study Program. Two types of data: quantitative and qualitative were gained by using test and non-test. They were analysed descriptively by using interactive data analysis consisting of reduction, presentation, and verification. The data showed that students’ speed, critical, and creative reading abilities were still under standard but after the treatments, they made improvement. Their speed, critical and creative reading abilities reached standard scores. There is interrelation among speed, critical, and creative reading abilities. While integrating them in the reading class, students’ level of reading skills enhanced. They could employ speed-reading strategies to quickly comprehend the texts before engaging in critical and creative reading. In critical reading, students could optimize their ability in questioning, problematizing and not passively follow the information given by the authors. Yet, students can read the text by optimizing their imagination in understanding the text information.
Bringing Diversity Education to Life: The Impact of Learning Videos on Elementary School Students' Learning Outcomes
Authors: Rodiyana Roni , Maftuh Bunyamin , Sapriya Sapriya , Syaodih Ernawulan , Yanto Ari , Sofyan Davi
Published: August 2023

This study examines the lack of comprehension among students regarding subject matter that is highly relevant to their daily lives, emphasising the importance of their understanding. The encounter with diverse situations outside the classroom is a common experience for students; however, the insufficient availability of learning tools, unappealing media, and inadequate utilisation of school facilities contribute to their limited understanding. To address this issue, learning films are proposed as an alternative media to enhance student engagement, serve as effective learning materials, and make use of school resources such as projectors. The aim of this research is to create and evaluate the effectiveness of instructional video media with a diversity theme in improving learning outcomes among class III elementary school students. The design and development (D&D) method, specifically the PPE development model, was utilised in this study, involving three stages: planning, development, and evaluation. The input of media experts, material experts, and learning experts was sought to assess the feasibility of the learning videos. The results indicated that the learning films received a feasibility rating of 95% in the "extremely feasible" category, affirming their suitability for educational settings. Experts predicted that the implementation of learning films could significantly enhance student learning outcomes. The methodology encompassed data collection through the D&D method, including planning and conducting evaluations by experts, as well as the subsequent analysis and interpretation of the results. Ultimately, this study aims to improve the actual learning outcomes of class III elementary school students through the utilisation of instructional video media with a diversity theme.
Perbandingan Kadar SGPT Pada Sampel Serum Darah Yang Segera Diperiksa Dengan Ditunda Selama 24 Jam dan 48 Jam Pada Suhu Ruang
Authors: Nurhidayanti Nurhidayanti , Juraijin Denny , Setiani Indah
Published: August 2023

Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) examination is an examination to determine the presence of disturbances in liver function. The SGPT enzyme is often used as an enzyme screening of basic parameter for a diagnosis and follow-up of disorders liver function. The types of specimens were used for SGPT examinations were serum, plasma heparin ora EDTA, and this study used serum samples. This study aimsto determine whether there are differences between the examination of SGPT levels which are immediately examined of postponed for 24 hours and 48 hours. This research is a cross sectional research with Posttest Only Control Group Design. This research was conducted at the Palembang Health Laboratory Center (BBLK) of South Sumatra Province on 28-30 December 2021 with the respondents of Diploma Medical Laboratory Technology Students level 2 and 3 with 30 samples. The results showed that the average SGPT level which immediately checked was 0.14, the average SGPT level delayed 24 hours was 0.13 and the SGPT level delayed 48 hours was 0.11. the results of the Two Way ANOVA test showed p value < 0,05, so it can be concluded that there was a change in the level of SGPT which immediately examined by being delayed for 24 hours and 48 hours at roon temperature
ФАКТОРИ ВПЛИВУ НА ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ З ВИРОБНИЦТВА ТА ПЕРЕРОБКИ ПРОДУКЦІЇ ОЛІЙНИХ КУЛЬТУР
Authors: ЛИТОВЧЕНКО Людмила , ХЛОПОНІНА-ГНАТЕНКО Ольга , МИХАЙЛЕНКО Вікторія
Published: August 2023

В сучасних умовах підприємства з виробництва та переробки продукції олійних культур здатні гнучко реагувати на зміни кон’юнктури ринку, пов’язані не тільки з поліпшенням в структурі харчування населення більшості країн світу у бік рослинних жирів, а також з розвитком суміжних галузей. Отже, забезпечення ефективної діяльності таких підприємств важливе не тільки з точки зору логіки ведення бізнесу, а й з тих причин, що вони відіграють ключову роль в реалізації продовольчої стратегії України.  Метою дослідження стало визначення складу та аналіз впливу факторів на формування економічної поведінки підприємств з виробництва та переробки продукції олійних культур.  З’ясовано специфіку діяльності цієї галузі, а саме: експортна орієнтованість галузі; сезонність витрат, особливо у сфері виробництва, які слід враховувати при оцінці ефективності діяльності виробників та бізнес-плануванні; циклічність експорту соняшникової олії; регулювання каналів збуту з безпекових питань. Для подальшого надання рекомендацій щодо економічної поведінки підприємств з виробництва та переробки олійних культур проведено аналіз наслідків сформованих ситуацій в роботі підприємств-виробників з урахуванням галузевих чинників. Визначено, що на процес прийняття економічних рішень впливають не стільки економічні фактори, скільки психологічні та соціальні. Коригуючим важелем для кожного підприємства-виробника має стати з’ясування драйверів економічної безпеки.
Aspects regarding the Divergences between the Constitutional and the Conventional Control in the Field of Human Rights
Authors: Barbu S.-G. , Florescu C.-M.
Published: August 2023

The integration, at the national level, of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights may open the subject of a dispute in relation to a contrary jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, regarding the protection of human rights. This paper integrates the possible disputes and proposes ways of solving them, as well as proposals for improving the dialogue of European states regarding the jurisdictional protection of human rights.
Forms of Community Participation in Creating Cultural Vitality. Insights from Drăguș, Romania
Authors: Csesznek Codrina
Published: August 2023

This paper highlights a series of forms of community participation in the case of a Romanian rural community that has a well-defined cultural identity and carries out numerous activities aimed at creating cultural vitality. The main purpose of the paper is to highlight a series of data and reflections derived from the field research carried out over the past years using the ethnographic method, as well as to interpret research data on the basis of a theoretical model developed by Mataritta-Cascante and Brennan (2012).