bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Copper(0) nanoparticle catalyzed Z‐Selective Transfer Semihydrogenation of Internal Alkynes
Authors: Moran Maria Jesus , Martina Katia , Bieliunas Vidmantas , Baricco Francesca , Tagliapietra Silvia , Berlier Gloria , De Borggraeve Wim M. , Cravotto Giancarlo
Published: April 2021

The use of copper(0) nanoparticles in the transfer semihydrogenation of alkynes has been investigated as a lead‐free alternative to Lindlar catalysts. A stereo‐selective methodology for the hydrogenation of internal alkynes to the corresponding (Z)‐alkenes in high isolated yields (86% average) has been developed. This green and sustainable transfer hydrogenation protocol relies on non‐noble copper nanoparticles for reduction of both electron‐rich and electron‐deficient, aliphatic‐substituted and aromatic‐ substituted internal alkynes. Polyols, such as ethylene glycol and glycerol, have been proven to act as hydrogen sources, and excellent stereo‐ and chemoselectivity have been observed. Enabling technologies, such as microwave and ultrasound irradiation are shown to enhance heat and mass transfer, whether used alone or in combination, resulting in a decrease in reaction time from hours to minutes.

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Noncanonical Heme Ligands Steer Carbene Transfer Reactivity in an Artificial Metalloenzyme**
Authors: Pott Moritz , Tinzl Matthias , Hayashi Takahiro , Ota Yusuke , Dunkelmann Daniel , Mittl Peer R. E. , Hilvert Donald
Published: April 2021

Changing the primary metal coordination sphere is a powerful strategy for tuning metalloprotein properties. Here we used amber stop codon suppression with engineered pyrrolysyl‐tRNA synthetases, including two newly evolved enzymes, to replace the proximal histidine in myoglobin with Nδ‐methylhistidine, 5‐thiazoylalanine, 4‐thiazoylalanine and 3‐(3‐thienyl)alanine. In addition to tuning the heme redox potential over a >200 mV range, these noncanonical ligands modulate the protein's carbene transfer activity with ethyl diazoacetate. Variants with increased reduction potential proved superior for cyclopropanation and N–H insertion, whereas variants with reduced Eo values gave higher S–H insertion activity. Given the functional importance of histidine in many enzymes, these genetically encoded analogues could be valuable tools for probing mechanism and enabling new chemistries.
Programming Fluorogenic DNA Probes for Rapid Detection of Steroids
Authors: Ebrahimi Sasha B. , Samanta Devleena , Partridge Benjamin E. , Kusmierz Caroline D. , Cheng Ho Fung , Grigorescu Arabela A. , Chávez Jorge L. , Mirau Peter A. , Mirkin Chad A.
Published: April 2021

The ability of aptamers to recognize a variety of different molecules has fueled their emergence as recognition agents to probe complex media and cells. Many detection strategies require aptamer binding to its target to result in a dramatic change in structure, typically from an unfolded to a folded state. Here, we report a strategy based on forced intercalation (FIT) that increases the scope of aptamer recognition by transducing subtle changes in aptamer structures into fluorescent readouts. By screening a library of green‐fluorescent FIT‐aptamers whose design is guided by computational modeling, we could identify hits that sense steroids like dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) down to 1.3 μM with no loss in binding affinity compared to the unmodified aptamer. This enabled us to study DHEAS in clinical serum samples with several advantages over gold standard methods, including rapid readout (<30 min), simple instrumentation (plate‐reader), and low sample volumes (10 μL).
An All‐in‐One Organic Semiconductor for Targeted Photoxidation Catalysis in Hypoxic Tumor
Authors: Chen Weihua , Sun Zhen , Jiang Chunhuan , Sun Wenbo , Yu Bin , Wang Wei , Lu Lehui
Published: April 2021

Tumor hypoxia severely limits the therapeutic effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Although many methods for oxygen generation exist, substantial safety concerns, spatiotenporal uncontrollability, limited efficacy, and complicated procedures have compromised their practical application. Here, we demonstrate a biocompatiable all‐in‐one organic semiconductor to provide a photoxidation catalysis mechanism of action. A facile method is developed to produce gram‐level C5N2 nanoparticles (NPs)‐based organic semiconductor. Under 650 nm laser irradiation, the semiconductor split water to generate O2 and simultaneously produce singlet oxygen (1O2), showing that the photocatalyst for O2 evolution and the photosensitizer (PS) for 1O2 generation could be synchronously achieved in one organic semiconductor. The inherent nucleus targeting capacity endows it with direct and efficient DNA photocleavage. These findings pave the way for developing organic semiconductor‐based cancer therapeutic agents.
Preparation and in vitro characterization of histidine trimethyl chitosan conjugated nanocomplex incorporated into injectable thermosensitive hydrogels for localized gene delivery
Authors: Akbari Vajihe , Rezazadeh Mahboubeh , Hanaie Narges Seyed , Hasanzadeh Farshid
Published: April 2021

Localized and sustained delivery of DNA using biomaterial scaffolds would increase the applicability of gene therapy in cancer treatment and tissue engineering. The most promising approach is the application of hydrogel scaffolds to encapsulate and deliver DNA in the form of nanocomplex to the target sites. In the present work, histidine conjugated trimethylated chitosan (HTMC) was synthesized and nanocomplexes fabricated with pDNA at different N/P ratios. The zeta potential and size of the HTMC/pDNA nanoparticles were determined using dynamic light scattering technique and the results were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphology of the nanoparticles was found spherical in shape having core–shell nanostructure. Based on gel retardation assay, polyplex dissociation following incubation with heparin, protection against DNase Ι, cytotoxicity and transfection experiments, HTMC/pDNA at N/P 15 was selected as an optimized formulation and loaded into CTS/PF127 and HA/PF127 hydrogel. The optimized HTMC/pDNA nanocomplex was homogenously distributed in the CTS/PF127 hydrogel. Transfection experiments were carried out on HEK293T cell lines and the results revealed that HTMC/pDNA complexes are stable and active inside the hydrogel, however, the transfection efficacy was decreased after incorporation into the hydrogel.
High Regio‐ and Stereoselective Multi‐enzymatic Synthesis of All Phenylpropanolamine Stereoisomers from β‐Methylstyrene
Authors: Corrado Maria L. , Knaus Tanja , Mutti Francesco G.
Published: April 2021

We present a one‐pot cascade for the synthesis of phenylpropanolamines (PPAs) in high optical purities (er and dr up to >99.5 %) and analytical yields (up to 95 %) by using 1‐phenylpropane‐1,2‐diols as key intermediates. This bioamination entails the combination of an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), an ω‐transaminase (ωTA) and an alanine dehydrogenase to create a redox‐neutral network, which harnesses the exquisite and complementary regio‐ and stereo‐selectivities of the selected ADHs and ωTAs. The requisite 1‐phenylpropane‐1,2‐diol intermediates were obtained from trans‐ or cis‐β‐methylstyrene by combining a styrene monooxygenase with epoxide hydrolases. Furthermore, in selected cases, the envisioned cascade enabled to obtain the structural isomer (1S,2R)‐1‐amino‐1‐phenylpropan‐2‐ol in high optical purity (er and dr >99.5 %). This is the first report on an enzymatic method that enables to obtain all of the four possible PPA stereoisomers in great enantio‐ and diastereo‐selectivity.
On the mechanism of effectively chiral‐pure macromolecular spiralization induced by a weakly chiral polarized heterochiral solution of a chiral compound
Authors: Skoblin Аleksey А. , Mikhaleva Maria G. , Voronina Lyubov I. , Stovbun Sergey V.
Published: April 2021

There has been made an assumption, correlating with experimental data, that the phenomenon of effectively chiral‐pure, chiral‐induced spiralization of macromolecules in weakly polarized heterochiral solutions is determined by the mechanism of physico‐chemical annihilation: enantiomers‐antipodes of a chiral compound in a heterochiral solution annihilate; that is, they form achiral dimers, the solution becomes effectively homochiral and further, chiral‐induced macromolecular spiralization of one sign of helicity is realized in it in the same way as in other homochiral solutions.
Small‐Molecule Absorber A1094 as a Stable and Fast‐Clearing NIR‐II Imaging Agent
Authors: Huang Yanfang , Liu Huanhuan , Chen Xueyuan , Zhang Yunming , Zhao Xingyang , Huang Wenchao , Mou Zhaobiao , Wang Chao , Zhang Kaiqiang , Li Zijing
Published: April 2021

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) is conducive to deep‐tissue imaging due to small scattering coefficients, but often requires exogenous imaging agents. At present, nanoparticle‐based NIR‐II imaging agents are mainly used in non‐clinical studies, some basic components of which are resistant to metabolism in vivo. The aim of this study was to examine the ∼600 Da croconaine absorber A1094, absorbing lights around 1094 nm, as a rare, small‐molecule NIR‐II imaging agent in vivo. The clinical translational potential of A1094 injection were systematically revealed, including sufficient solubility and freeness in blood, good anti‐interference ability, and favourable pH/oxidation‐reduction/metabolic stabilities. After intravenous administration of A1094 injection, PAI of murine ears exhibited comparable capillaries visibility to that of PAI with popular Au nanorods. The contrasts achieved with A1094 and Au nanorods were 1.78 and 1.29 times higher than before administration, in the healthy group, and 3.25 and 1.58 times higher in the inflammation group. Notably, A1094 demonstrated a desired faster liver clearance than Au nanorods. The PAI signal of A1094 was cleared by 74.2 % after 3 h, whereas Au nanorods were only cleared by 43.1 %. The main metabolic mechanisms of A1094 were identified as N‐methylation and lipid hydrolysis by murine liver microsomes in vitro. Therefore, A1094 may have promising clinical potential as a stable and fast‐clearing NIR‐II imaging agent.
Research and application of node fuzzy identification and localization in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Wu Gang , Wu Chengdong
Published: April 2021

In recent years, sensor technology has attracted the attention of countries all over the world because of its potential huge application value, and it has played an important role in people's daily life and social production activities. This paper mainly studies the location algorithm based on ranging in the location algorithm and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the algorithm. In order to optimize the positioning of wireless sensor networks, a fuzzy controller is designed to fuzzify the input information of sensor nodes. Using Matlab network simulation tool, the congestion control algorithm proposed in this paper was simulated and compared with several typical congestion control protocols in wireless sensor networks. Experimental results show that the algorithm can improve network throughput, reduce network packet loss, and have a significant impact on network performance. The network throughput of the congestion control algorithm based on fuzzy logs is stable at 180 packets per second. Compared with CODA, the congestion control algorithm based on fuzzy logarithm increases the packet loss rate by 55–66%, and the SenTCP algorithm increases by 37–40%. It can be seen that congestion control algorithms based on fuzzy logic can play an important role in wireless sensor networks.
Experimental investigation on performance of absorbents for carbon dioxide capture from diesel engine exhaust
Authors: Kumar Pulkit , Rathod Vishwas , Parwani Ajit Kumar
Published: April 2021

The postcombustion CO2 capture technology (PCC) is the topic of surplus study because it offers ease of implementation in the existing systems. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this technique has never been used for the automobile sector which has a major contribution toward anthropogenic CO2. In this article, experimental investigation has been carried out on the chemical solvents to determine the efficacy of capturing CO2 from multi‐pollutant diesel engine exhaust. The captured CO2 is measured in terms of percentage by volume of the total exhaust gas from three primary amines solvents, that is, monoethanolamine (MEA), N,N‐dimethylethanolamine (DMEA), and ammonia at seven brake power values, and their capture efficiencies are compared. A proposed design for the implementation of carbon capture unit in the existing heavy‐duty diesel engine has also been presented with theoretical calculation on the weight of the storage tank. Energy balance analyses have been performed to determine the energy needed to regenerate the solvents. It is found that the regeneration energy required for solvents MEA, DMEA, and ammonia is 2.2, 0.7, and 1.1 kWh, respectively which is quite lower than the total energy available with exhaust gas. Experimental results show that capture efficiency at ambient conditions with absorbents MEA, DMEA, and chilled ammonia is 90.95, 57.66, and 80.08, respectively. It reveals that the PCC method can be implemented in an existing diesel engine with MEA as an efficient and safe solvent.
The Effect of Bolus Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Distal Radius Fracture Healing: A Randomized Controlled Trial Using HR-pQCT
Authors: Heyer Frans L , de Jong Joost JA , Willems Paul C , Arts Jacobus J , Bours Sandrine G P , van Kuijk Sander M J , Bons Judith A P , Poeze Martijn , Geusens Piet P , van Rietbergen Bert , van den Bergh Joop P
Published: April 2021

Vitamin D is an important factor in bone metabolism. Animal studies have shown a positive effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on fracture healing, but evidence from clinical trials is inconclusive. A randomized controlled trial was performed to assess the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on fracture healing using HR-pQCT–based outcome parameters. Thirty-two postmenopausal women with a conservatively treated distal radius fracture were included within 2 weeks postfracture and randomized to a low-dose (N = 10) and a high-dose (N = 11) vitamin D intervention group receiving a 6-week bolus dose, equivalent to 700 and 1800 IU vitamin D3 supplementation per day, respectively, in addition to a control group (N = 11) receiving no supplementation. After the baseline visit 1–2 weeks postfracture, follow-up visits were scheduled at 3–4, 6–8, and 12 weeks postfracture. At each visit, HR-pQCT scans of the fractured radius were performed. Cortical and trabecular bone density and microarchitectural parameters and microfinite element analysis–derived torsion, compression, and bending stiffness were assessed. Additionally, serum markers of bone resorption (CTX) and bone formation (PINP) were measured. Baseline serum levels of 25OHD3 were <50 nmol/L in 33% of all participants and <75 nmol/L in 70%. Compared with the control group, high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation resulted in a decreased trabecular number (regression coefficient β: −0.22; p < 0.01) and lower compression stiffness (B: −3.63; p < 0.05, together with an increase in the bone resorption marker CTX (B: 0.062; p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed between the control and low-dose intervention group. In conclusion, the bolus equivalent of 700 U/day vitamin D3 supplementation in a Western postmenopausal population does not improve distal radius fracture healing and an equivalent dose of 1800 IU/day may be detrimental in restoring bone stiffness during the first 12 weeks of fracture healing. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Role of vitamin D–vitamin D receptor signaling on hyperoxia‐induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia in neonatal rats
Authors: Wang Yuchun , Jiang Lian
Published: April 2021

Background

Vitamin D exerts therapeutic effects on bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of vitamin D on hyperoxia‐induced BPD and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

Neonatal rats were exposed to either room air (control) or 75% O2 (hyperoxia) and intraperitoneally injected with vitamin D3. After 14 days, a histopathological examination was performed in the lungs of rats. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was measured by liquid chromatography–tandom mass spectrometry (LC–MS)/MS. Interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β) and interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) were measured by specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. The messenger RNA and protein levels of vitamin D receptor (VDR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) were determined by real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analysis, respectively.

Results

Treatment with vitamin D3 increased serum 25OHD and upregulated VDR in lung tissues with or without hyperoxia. In addition, treatment with vitamin D3 attenuated alveolar simplification, increased VEGF and VEGFR2, and protected alveolar simplification induced by hyperoxia. Furthermore, treatment with vitamin D3 resulted in a decrease of IL‐1β and IFN‐γ and an increase of HIF‐1α in lung tissues under hyperoxia conditions.

Conclusion

Vitamin D exerts protective effects on hyperoxia‐induced BPD in neonatal rats by regulating vitamin D–VDR signaling pathways.
Tissue clearing techniques for three‐dimensional optical imaging of intact human prostate and correlations with multi‐parametric MRI
Authors: Cipollari Stefano , Jamshidi Neema , Du Liutao , Sung Kyunghyun , Huang Danshan , Margolis Daniel J. , Huang Jiaoti , Reiter Robert E. , Kuo Michael D.
Published: April 2021

Background

Tissue clearing technologies have enabled remarkable advancements for in situ characterization of tissues and exploration of the three‐dimensional (3D) relationships between cells, however, these studies have predominantly been performed in non‐human tissues and correlative assessment with clinical imaging has yet to be explored. We sought to evaluate the feasibility of tissue clearing technologies for 3D imaging of intact human prostate and the mapping of structurally and molecularly preserved pathology data with multi‐parametric volumetric MR imaging (mpMRI).

Methods

Whole‐mount prostates were processed with either hydrogel‐based CLARITY or solvent‐based iDISCO. The samples were stained with a nuclear dye or fluorescently labeled with antibodies against androgen receptor, alpha‐methylacyl coenzyme‐A racemase, or p63, and then imaged with 3D confocal microscopy. The apparent diffusion coefficient and Ktrans maps were computed from preoperative mpMRI.

Results

Quantitative analysis of cleared normal and tumor prostate tissue volumes displayed differences in 3D tissue architecture, marker‐specific cell staining, and cell densities that were significantly correlated with mpMRI measurements in this initial, pilot cohort.

Conclusions

3D imaging of human prostate volumes following tissue clearing is a feasible technique for quantitative radiology–pathology correlation analysis with mpMRI and provides an opportunity to explore functional relationships between cellular structures and cross‐sectional clinical imaging.
Industry 4.0 and Decision Making
Authors: Rosin Frédéric , Forget Pascal , Lamouri Samir , Pellerin Robert
Published: April 2021

Industry 4.0 is an ubiquitous term that suggests significant impacts on the productivity and flexibility of production systems. But to what extent do the various technologies associated with Industry 4.0 contribute to enhance autonomy of operational teams by helping them make better and faster decisions, particularly in the context of Lean production system? This paper proposes a model of different types of autonomy in the decision-making process, depending on whether or not the steps in the decision-making process are enhanced by technologies. This model will be tested afterwards in a use case implemented in a learning factory offering Lean management training before being tested in a real production unit.
Transseries for causal diffusive systems
Authors: Heller Michal P. , Serantes Alexandre , Spaliński Michał , Svensson Viktor , Withers Benjamin
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The large proper-time behaviour of expanding boost-invariant fluids has provided many crucial insights into quark-gluon plasma dynamics. Here we formulate and explore the late-time behaviour of nonequilibrium dynamics at the level of linearized perturbations of equilibrium, but without any special symmetry assumptions. We introduce a useful quantitative approximation scheme in which hydrodynamic modes appear as perturbative contributions while transients are nonperturbative. In this way, solutions are naturally organized into transseries as they are in the case of boost-invariant flows. We focus our attention on the ubiquitous telegrapher’s equation, the simplest example of a causal theory with a hydrodynamic sector. In position space we uncover novel transient contributions as well as Stokes phenomena which change the structure of the transseries based on the spacetime region or the choice of initial data.
Carving out the space of open-string S-matrix
Authors: Huang Yu-tin , Liu Jin-Yu , Rodina Laurentiu , Wang Yihong
Published: April 2021

Abstract

In this paper, we explore the open string amplitude’s dual role as a space-time S-matrix and a 2D holomorphic CFT correlation function. We pursue this correspondence in two directions. First, beginning with a general disk integrand dressed with a Koba-Nielsen factor, we demonstrate that exchange symmetry for the factorization residue of the amplitude forces the integrand to be expandable on SL(2,R) conformal blocks. Furthermore, positivity constraints associated with unitarity imply the SL(2,R) blocks must come in linear combinations for which the Virasoro block emerges at the “kink” in the space of solutions. In other words, Virasoro symmetry arises at the boundary of consistent factorization. Next, we consider the low energy EFT description, where unitarity manifests as the EFThedron in which the couplings must live. The existence of a worldsheet description implies, through the Koba-Nielsen factor, monodromy relations which impose algebraic identities amongst the EFT couplings. We demonstrate at finite derivative order that the intersection of the “monodromy plane” and the four-dimensional EFThedron carves out a tiny island for the couplings, which continues to shrink as the derivative order is increased. At the eighth derivative order, on a three-dimensional monodromy plane, the intersection fixes the width of this island to around 1.5% (of ζ(3)) and 0.2% (of ζ(5)) with respect to the toroidally compactified Type-I super string answer. This leads us to conjecture that the four-point open superstring amplitude can be completely determined by the geometry of the intersection of the monodromy plane and the EFThedron.
Exact quark-mass dependence of the Higgs-photon form factor at three loops in QCD
Authors: Niggetiedt Marco
Published: April 2021

Abstract

We follow up on our discussion of the exact quark-mass dependence of the Higgs-gluon form factor at three loops in QCD [1] and turn our attention to the closely related Higgs-photon form factor. Similarly to our previous work, we intend to examine the form factor for the decay of a Higgs-boson with variable mass into two photons at the three-loop level in QCD. The set of master integrals is known numerically due to prior work on the Higgs-gluon form factor and is exploited to obtain expansions around the threshold as well as in the high-energy limit. Our results may be utilised to derive the photonic decay rate of the Higgs-boson through next-to-next-to-leading order.
Simultaneous stereotactic radiosurgery of multiple brain metastases using single-isocenter dynamic conformal arc therapy: a prospective monocentric registry trial
Authors: Bodensohn Raphael , Kaempfel Anna-Lena , Fleischmann Daniel Felix , Hadi Indrawati , Hofmaier Jan , Garny Sylvia , Reiner Michael , Forbrig Robert , Corradini Stefanie , Thon Niklas , Belka Claus , Niyazi Maximilian
Published: April 2021

Background

Single-isocenter dynamic conformal arc (SIDCA) therapy is a technically efficient way of delivering stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to multiple metastases simultaneously. This study reports on the safety and feasibility of linear accelerator (LINAC) based SRS with SIDCA for patients with multiple brain metastases.

Methods

All patients who received SRS with this technique between November 2017 and June 2019 within a prospective registry trial were included. The patients were irradiated with a dedicated planning tool for multiple brain metastases using a LINAC with a 5 mm multileaf collimator. Follow-up was performed every 3 months, including clinical and radiological examination with cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These early data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

A total of 65 patients with 254 lesions (range 2–12) were included in this analysis. Median beam-on time was 23 min. The median follow-up at the time of analysis was 13 months (95% CI 11.1–14.9). Median overall survival and median intracranial progression-free survival was 15 months (95% CI 7.7–22.3) and 7 months (95% CI 3.9–10.0), respectively. Intracranial and local control after 1 year was 64.6 and 97.5%, respectively. During follow-up, CTCAE grade I adverse effects (AE) were experienced by 29 patients (44.6%; 18 of them therapy related, 27.7%), CTCAE grade II AEs by four patients (6.2%; one of them therapy related, 1.5%), and CTCAE grade III by three patients (4.6%; none of them therapy related). Two lesions (0.8%) in two patients (3.1%) were histopathologically proven to be radiation necrosis.

Conclusion

Simultaneous SRS using SIDCA seems to be a feasible and safe treatment for patients with multiple brain metastases.
Zugelassene Systemtherapien in der Dermatologie
Authors: Kleinhans Monika , Funke-Lorenz Carolin , Dissemond Joachim
Published: April 2021

Hintergrund

Für den Fachbereich Dermatologie steht gerade in den letzten Jahren ein zunehmendes Spektrum an Systemtherapien zur Verfügung. Bei einigen dieser Medikamente handelt es sich um einen Off-label-Use, was beispielsweise zu Problemen bei der Kostenerstattung führen kann. Dieser Beitrag soll daher einen Überblick über die derzeit zugelassenen Systemtherapien in der Dermatologie bieten und weitere Alternativen wie Compassionate Use und Early-Access-Programme aufzeigen.

Material und Methoden

Die Recherche der zugelassenen Medikamente in Deutschland wurde online in der Datenbank für Arzneimittel des Bundesinstituts für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte durchgeführt. Zudem erfolgte ein Abgleich mit den Angaben in der Roten Liste.

Ergebnisse

Für insgesamt 50 dermatologisch relevante Krankheitsbilder werden tabellarisch die jeweils zugelassenen Systemtherapien dargestellt.

Diskussion

Es kann festgestellt werden, dass die enormen Weiterentwicklungen der letzten Jahre und die zunehmend gute Evidenz in vielen Fällen trotz oftmals fehlender klinischer Studien im Fachbereich der Dermatologie sehr Erfolg versprechende systemische Behandlungskonzepte bieten. Jedoch kann der oft notwendige Off-label-Use Schwierigkeiten im klinischen Alltag verursachen. Der behandelnde Arzt sollte ebenso wie der Patient daher immer informiert sein, wenn es sich bei einer geplanten Therapie um einen Off-label-Use handelt. Es sollten zuvor zugelassene Alternativen in Erwägung gezogen werden, und eine adäquate Aufklärung der Patienten sollte erfolgen.
Factorizing the $$\mathbf {Top}$$–$$\mathbf {Loc}$$ adjunction through positive topologies
Authors: Ciraulo Francesco , Kawai Tatsuji , Maschio Samuele
Published: April 2021

We characterize the category of Sambin’s positive topologies as the result of the Grothendieck construction applied to a doctrine over the category Loc of locales. We then construct an adjunction between the category of positive topologies and that of topological spaces Top, and show that the well-known adjunction between Top and Loc factors through the constructed adjunction.
Optimization of laser beam welding of steel parts made by additive manufacturing
Authors: Caiazzo Fabrizia , Alfieri Vittorio
Published: April 2021

To pursue all the benefits of additive manufacturing of metals, recent studies have been aimed at assessing a proper welding technology to obtain large products by means of joining smaller parts. Indeed, at present, two or more parts must be manufactured individually and then assembled to produce the final component, when the size is incompatible with the building chamber or severe deformations arise during building. In this paper, laser beam welding is explored to join stainless steel components made by the process of laser powder bed fusion, in order to benefit from all the known advantages of this joining technique, aiming at producing a welding bead with homogeneous mechanical features with respect to the unwelded counterpart: a factorial plan is built, and the response surfaces are presented; then, the consolidated method of the desirability function is used to find the optimum condition of welding with reference to the current international standards, taking into account the geometry, the welding imperfections, and the extent of the heat-affected zone. The suggested optimum is eventually assessed via tensile testing and compared to the unwelded sample.
Quality of Recovery of Patients Who Underwent Curative Pancreatectomy: Comparison of Total Intravenous Anesthesia Versus Inhalation Anesthesia Using the QOR‐40 Questionnaire
Authors: Joe Young‐Eun , Kang Chang Moo , Lee Hye‐Mi , Kim Ki‐Jun , Hwang Ho Kyoung , Lee Jeong‐Rim
Published: April 2021

Background

There has been increasing attention on the subjective recovery of patients undergoing cancer surgery. Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and inhaled anesthesia with volatile anesthetics (INHA) are safe and common anesthetic techniques. Currently, TIVA and INHA have only been compared for less invasive and less complex surgeries. This prospective randomized trial aimed to compare the quality of recovery between TIVA and INHA in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) or distal pancreatectomy (DP) using the Quality of Recovery (QOR)‐40 questionnaire.

Methods

We enrolled 132 patients who were randomly assigned to either the desflurane (DES) (INHA, balanced anesthesia with DES and remifentanil infusion) or TIVA (effect‐site target‐controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil) groups and completed the QOR‐40 questionnaire postoperatively.

Results

The mean global QOR‐40 score on postoperative day 3 was significantly higher in the TIVA group than in the DES group. In the PD group, the total QOR‐40 score was significantly higher in the TIVA group than in the DES group. Moreover, the TIVA group had significantly higher scores in the physical comfort and psychological support QOR‐40 dimensions than the DES group.

Conclusion

TIVA provides better quality of recovery scores on POD 3 for patients undergoing curative pancreatectomy.

Clinical trial registration number: NCT03447691
Macrophage depletion in stellate ganglia alleviates cardiac sympathetic overactivation and ventricular arrhythmogenesis by attenuating neuroinflammation in heart failure
Authors: Zhang Dongze , Hu Wenfeng , Tu Huiyin , Hackfort Bryan T. , Duan Bin , Xiong Wanfen , Wadman Michael C. , Li Yu-Long
Published: April 2021

Cardiac sympathetic overactivation is involved in arrhythmogenesis in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Inflammatory infiltration in the stellate ganglion (SG) is a critical factor for cardiac sympathoexcitation in patients with ventricular arrhythmias. This study aims to investigate if macrophage depletion in SGs decreases cardiac sympathetic overactivation and ventricular arrhythmogenesis in CHF. Surgical ligation of the coronary artery was used for induction of CHF. Clodronate liposomes were microinjected into bilateral SGs of CHF rats for macrophage depletion. Using cytokine array, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot analysis, we found that macrophage expansion and expression of TNFα and IL-1β in SGs were markedly increased in CHF rats. Flow cytometry data confirmed that the percentage of macrophages in SGs was higher in CHF rats than that in sham rats. Clodronate liposomes significantly reduced CHF-elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels and macrophage expansion in SGs. Clodronate liposomes also reduced CHF-increased N-type Ca2+currents and excitability of cardiac sympathetic postganglionic neurons and inhibited CHF-enhanced cardiac sympathetic nerve activity. ECG data from 24-h, continuous telemetry recording in conscious rats demonstrated that clodronate liposomes not only restored CHF-induced heterogeneity of ventricular electrical activities, but also decreased the incidence and duration of ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation in CHF. Macrophage depletion with clodronate liposomes attenuated CHF-induced cardiac sympathetic overactivation and ventricular arrhythmias through reduction of macrophage expansion and neuroinflammation in SGs.
Protein expression plasticity contributes to heat and drought tolerance of date palm
Authors: Ghirardo Andrea , Nosenko Tetyana , Kreuzwieser Jürgen , Winkler J. Barbro , Kruse Jörg , Albert Andreas , Merl-Pham Juliane , Lux Thomas , Ache Peter , Zimmer Ina , Alfarraj Saleh , Mayer Klaus F. X. , Hedrich Rainer , Rennenberg Heinz , Schnitzler Jörg-Peter
Published: April 2021

Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of warming and drought periods around the globe, currently representing a threat to many plant species. Understanding the resistance and resilience of plants to climate change is, therefore, urgently needed. As date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) evolved adaptation mechanisms to a xeric environment and can tolerate large diurnal and seasonal temperature fluctuations, we studied the protein expression changes in leaves, volatile organic compound emissions, and photosynthesis in response to variable growth temperatures and soil water deprivation. Plants were grown under controlled environmental conditions of simulated Saudi Arabian summer and winter climates challenged with drought stress. We show that date palm is able to counteract the harsh conditions of the Arabian Peninsula by adjusting the abundances of proteins related to the photosynthetic machinery, abiotic stress and secondary metabolism. Under summer climate and water deprivation, these adjustments included efficient protein expression response mediated by heat shock proteins and the antioxidant system to counteract reactive oxygen species formation. Proteins related to secondary metabolism were downregulated, except for the P. dactylifera isoprene synthase (PdIspS), which was strongly upregulated in response to summer climate and drought. This study reports, for the first time, the identification and functional characterization of the gene encoding for PdIspS, allowing future analysis of isoprene functions in date palm under extreme environments. Overall, the current study shows that reprogramming of the leaf protein profiles confers the date palm heat- and drought tolerance. We conclude that the protein plasticity of date palm is an important mechanism of molecular adaptation to environmental fluctuations.
Correction to: The influence of training level on manual fight in connection to performance, scan pattern, and task load
Authors: Friedrich Maik , Lee Seung Yong , Bates Paul , Martin Wayne , Faulhaber Anja K.
Published: April 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-021-00680-1
Complementing regional ground GNSS-STEC computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) with ionosonde data assimilation
Authors: Ssessanga Nicholas , Yamamoto Mamoru , Saito Susumu , Saito Akinori , Nishioka Michi
Published: April 2021

A near-real-time computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) technique was developed over the East Asian sector to specify the 3-D electron density field. The technique is based on a plethora of Global Navigation Satellite System observables within the region of interest which is bounded horizontally 110°–160°E and 10°–60°N and extending from 80 to 25,000 km in altitude. Prior to deployment, studies validated the CIT results using ionosonde, middle-upper atmosphere radar and occultation data and found the technique to adequately reconstruct the regional ionosphere vertical structure. However, with room for improvement in estimating the peak height and avoiding physically unrealistic negative densities in the final solution, we present preliminary results from a technique that addresses these issues by incorporating CIT results into a data assimilation (DA) technique. The DA technique adds ionosonde bottomside measurements into CIT results, thereby improving the accuracy of the reconstructed bottomside 3-D structure. More specifically, on average CIT NmF2 and hmF2 improve by more than 60%. Further, during analysis, ionospheric electron densities are assumed to be better described by probability log-normal distribution, which introduces the positivity constraint that is mandatory in ionospheric imaging.
Health Worker Perspectives on Barriers and Facilitators of Assisted Partner Notification for HIV for Refugees and Ugandan Nationals: A Mixed Methods Study in West Nile Uganda
Authors: Klabbers Robin E. , Muwonge Timothy R. , Ayikobua Emmanuel , Izizinga Diego , Bassett Ingrid V. , Kambugu Andrew , Tsai Alexander C. , Ravicz Miranda , Klabbers Gonnie , O’Laughlin Kelli N.
Published: April 2021

Assisted partner notification (APN) is recommended by the World Health Organization to notify sexual partners of HIV exposure. Since 2018, APN has been offered in Uganda to Ugandan nationals and refugees. Distinct challenges faced by individuals in refugee settlements may influence APN utilization and effectiveness. To explore APN barriers and facilitators, we extracted index client and sexual partner data from APN registers at 11 health centers providing care to refugees and Ugandan nationals in West Nile Uganda and conducted qualitative interviews with health workers (N = 32). Since APN started, 882 index clients participated in APN identifying 1126 sexual partners. Following notification, 95% (1025/1126) of partners tested for HIV; 22% (230/1025) were diagnosed with HIV with 14% (139/1025) of tested partners newly diagnosed. Fear of stigma and disclosure-related violence limit APN utilization and effectiveness. Prospective research involving index clients and sexual partners is needed to facilitate safe APN optimization in refugee settlements.
Emerging stock market volatility and economic fundamentals: the importance of US uncertainty spillovers, financial and health crises
Authors: Karanasos M. , Yfanti S. , Hunter J.
Published: April 2021

This paper studies the US and global economic fundamentals that exacerbate emerging stock markets volatility and can be considered as systemic risk factors increasing financial stability vulnerabilities. We apply the bivariate HEAVY system of daily and intra-daily volatility equations enriched with powers, leverage, and macro-effects that improve its forecasting accuracy significantly. Our macro-augmented asymmetric power HEAVY model estimates the inflammatory effect of US uncertainty and infectious disease news impact on equities alongside global credit and commodity factors on emerging stock index realized volatility. Our study further demonstrates the power of the economic uncertainty channel, showing that higher US policy uncertainty levels increase the leverage effects and the impact from the common macro-financial proxies on emerging markets’ financial volatility. Lastly, we provide evidence on the crucial role of both financial and health crisis events (the 2008 global financial turmoil and the recent Covid-19 pandemic) in raising markets’ turbulence and amplifying the volatility macro-drivers impact, as well.
Reflections on the Dasgupta Review on the Economics of Biodiversity
Authors: Groom Ben , Turk Zachary
Published: April 2021

The Dasgupta Review provides a rich overview of the economics of biodiversity, paints a bleak picture of the current state of biodiversity, and is a call to arms for action in anticipation of the CBD COP 15. The Review takes a global perspective aimed at the high level of international and national policy on biodiversity, while elucidating the very local nature of biodiversity threats and values. The approach is orthodox in its diagnosis via the language of externalities, natural capital, shadow pricing, asset returns, and the suite of remedial policies that follow. Yet, at its centre is an ‘unorthodox’ perspective: the economy is embedded in the environment and growth is limited. We offer reflections on this framing in light of its objectives for biodiversity. The limits to growth message will be criticised and applauded in equal measure by different economists. The central place of valuation and the aggregated concept of biodiversity will draw criticism from outside the discipline. Yet the Review provides a foundation for biodiversity economics, and its largely orthodox framing may invoke the intended step change in the mainstream approach to economic growth.
Coronary deaths during Midsummer festival in Finland: miseries of long, light nights
Authors: Näyhä Simo
Published: April 2021

This paper examines whether the anomalous summer peak in deaths from coronary heart disease (CHD) in Finland could be attributed to adverse effects of the Midsummer festival and alcohol consumption during the festival. Daily deaths from CHD and alcohol poisoning in Finland, 1961–2014, that occurred during the 7 days centering on Midsummer Day were analysed in relation to deaths during 14 to 4 days before and 4 to 14 after Midsummer Day. Daily counts of deaths from CHD among persons aged 35–64 years were regressed on days around the Midsummer period by negative binomial regression. Mortality from CHD was highest on Midsummer Day (RR 1.25 (95% confidence interval 1.12–1.31), one day after the peak in deaths from alcohol poisonings. RR for CHD on Midsummer Day was particulary high (RR = 1.43; 1.09–1.86) in the 2000s, 30% of deaths being attributable to that day. In conclusion, the anomalous and prominent summer peak in deaths from CHD in Finland is an adverse consequence of the Midsummer festival. The most likely underlying reason is heavy alcohol consumption during the festival period, especially on Midsummer Eve. In the 2000s, one third of deaths from CHD on Midsummer Day are preventable.
Dementia remains the major predictor of death among octogenarians. A study of two population cohorts of 85-year-olds examined 22 years apart
Authors: Wetterberg Hanna , Najar Jenna , Rydén Lina , Ribbe Mats , Rydberg Sterner Therese , Zettergren Anna , Guo Xinxin , Falk Erhag Hanna , Sacuiu Simona , Kern Silke , Skoog Ingmar
Published: April 2021

Dementia is the major predictor of death in old age. The aim of this paper was to determine whether 8-year mortality among 85-year olds with and without dementia, and if the contribution of dementia to mortality relative to other common diseases has changed. We used two population-based cohorts of 85-year-olds (N = 1065), born in 1901–02 and 1923–24, which were examined with identical methods in 1986–87 and 2008–2010 and followed for 8-year mortality according to data from the Swedish Tax Agency. Dementia was diagnosed according to DSM-III-R. Other diseases were diagnosed based on self-reports, close informant interviews, somatic examinations, and the Swedish National In-patient Register. Compared to cohort 1901–02, cohort 1923–24 had a lower 8-year mortality both among those with (HR 0.7; 95% CI 0.5–0.99) and without dementia (HR 0.7; 95% CI 0.5–0.9). Dementia was associated with increased mortality in both cohorts (cohort 1901–02, HR 2.6; 95% CI 2.0–3.2, cohort 1923–24, HR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.5), and remained the major predictor of death, with a population attributable risk of 31.7% in 1986–87 and 27.7% in 2008–10. Dementia remained the most important predictor of death in both cohorts. The relative risk for mortality with dementia did not change between cohorts, despite a decreased mortality rate in the population.
On the Status of Newtonian Gravitational Radiation
Authors: Linnemann Niels , Read James
Published: April 2021

We discuss the status of gravitational radiation in Newtonian theories. In order to do so, we (i) consider various options for interpreting the Poisson equation as encoding propagating solutions, (ii) reflect on the extent to which limit considerations from general relativity can shed light on the Poisson equation’s conceptual status, and (iii) discuss various senses in which the Poisson equation counts as a (non-)dynamical equation.
A Non-local Phase Field Model of Bohm’s Quantum Potential
Authors: Mauri Roberto
Published: April 2021

Assuming that the free energy of a gas depends non-locally on the logarithm of its mass density, the body force in the resulting equation of motion consists of the sum of density gradient terms. Truncating this series after the second term, Bohm’s quantum potential and the Madelung equation are identically obtained, showing explicitly that some of the hypotheses that led to the formulation of quantum mechanics admit a classical interpretation based on non-locality.
Conceptualizing content-related PD facilitator expertise
Authors: Prediger Susanne , Roesken-Winter Bettina , Stahnke Rebekka , Pöhler Birte
Published: April 2021

Studies of facilitators of professional development (PD) for mathematics teachers have been increasing in order to improve their preparation for conducting PD. However, specifications of what facilitators should learn often lack a conceptualization that captures facilitators’ expertise for different PD content. In this article, we provide a framework for facilitator expertise that is in line with current conceptualizations but makes explicit the content-related aspects of such expertise. The framework for content-related facilitator expertise combines cognitive and situated perspectives and allows unpacking different components at the PD level and the classroom level. Using two illustrative cases of different PD content (probability education in primary school and language-responsive mathematics teaching in secondary school), we exemplify how the framework can help to analyze facilitators’ practices in content-related ways in adescriptive mode.This analysis reveals valuable insights that support designers of facilitator preparation programs to specify what facilitators should learn in aprescriptive mode. We particularly emphasize the importance of working on content-related aspects, unpacking the PD content goals into the content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge elements on the classroom level and developing facilitators’ pedagogical content knowledge on the PD level (PCK-PD), which includes curricular knowledge, as well as knowledge about teachers’ typical thinking about a specific PD content. Situated learning opportunities in facilitator preparation programs can support facilitators to activate these knowledge elements for managing typical situational demands in PD.