bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planning for Lower-Income Households in Privately Developed High-Density Neighbourhoods in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Easthope Hazel , Crommelin Laura , Kerr Sophie-May , Troy Laurence , Van den Nouwelant Ryan , Davison Gethin
Published: September 2022

In Australia, as in many other countries, private high-density housing is typically marketed as the domain of middle- and higher-income residents. But, in practice, it accommodates many lower-income households. These households often live in mixed-income communities alongside wealthier neighbours, but, because of constrained budgets, they rely more heavily on access to community services and facilities. This has implications for public infrastructure planning in high-density neighbourhoods where private property ownership dominates. In this article, we examine two neighbourhood case studies within the same local government area in Sydney that have sizable populations of lower-income households living in apartments, but which provide markedly different day-to-day experiences for residents. We consider the causes of these varying outcomes and implications for neighbourhood-scale planning and development. The article argues that coordinated and collaborative planning processes are key to ensuring that the needs of lower-income households are met in privately developed apartment neighbourhoods.
Endocervical adenocarcinomas. Cytological, histological, and molecular diagnostics
Authors: Grigoruk O. G. , Moskvina T. A. , Tsoy D. A. , Stepanova A. S. , Bazulina L. M. , Sigitova E. S. , Ponomareva T. V. , Ilinskiy V. K. , Bryleva Yu. A. , Samuylenkova O. V. , Bakharev S. Yu. , Pupkova E. E. , Baron A. V. , Fedoskina A. V.
Published: September 2022

This study was undertaken to analyze the effectiveness of cytological diagnostics of endocervical adenocarcinomas. We compared conventional liquid-based cytology, histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular testing. A total of 25 endocervical adenocarcinomas, including endocervical adenocarcinomas in situ, were diagnosed using cytological methods over a year. Liquid-based cytology ensured better detection of glandular differentiation signs than conventional cytology. After molecular testing for human papillomavirus (HPV), we performed retrospective analysis of cytological characteristics of all endocervical adenocarcinomas (n = 15).

We identified specific cellular characteristics of HPV-associated typical and mucinous adenocarcinomas. We also observed 1 case of non-HPV-related clear-cell and 1 case of non-HPV-related mesonephral adenocarcinoma.

Our findings suggest that endocervical adenocarcinomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors. Endocervical adenocarcinomas accounted for 10.7 % of all primary cervical carcinomas (n = 214). Eighty percent of all endocervical adenocarcinomas were HPV-related, whereas the remaining 20 % were HPV-negative. We found no cytological differences between invasive endocervical adenocarcinomas and adenocarcinomas in situ.

Mutations detected in some of the patients are an important diagnostic criterion that specifies whether the tumor is rare.
Efficient sequence of therapy for advanced and metastatic endometrial cancer
Authors: Rumyantsev A. A.
Published: September 2022

Historical standard of the first line endometrial cancer therapy was combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin. In more than a half of patients with advanced endometrial cancer receiving this combination, disease progression is observed after 2 years. Use of paclitaxel + carboplatin combination in adjuvant therapy requires search for effective regimens for progression after this systemic therapy. Chemotherapy effectiveness in progression after systemic therapy is low with a small exception: repeat administration of paclitaxel + carboplatin can be used after long platinum-free period. In a quarter of all patients with progression after systemic treatment, use of pembrolizumab monotherapy in case of microsatellite instability (or abnormalities in DNA reparation system) showed significant clinical benefit. Additionally, most tumors do not have abnormal DNA reparation system, and multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor and checkpoint inhibitor combination is considered pathogenetically justified. The first and only such regimen described in Russian clinical guidelines is lenvatinib and pembrolizumab combination which showed clinical benefit in the form of increased overall survival.
Experience of the usage intraoperative radiation therapy in patients with early breast cancer
Authors: Manikhas A. G. , Gor L. A. , Topuzov E. E. , Oganesyan A. S. , Fedorova O. I. , Kalinin I. V.
Published: September 2022

Background. Comprehensive treatment of breast cancer includes surgery, radiation therapy and systemic treatment. Radiation therapy plays an integral role in the treatment of early breast cancer. The appointment of a targeted dose of radiation to the bed of the primary tumor reduces the risk of local recurrence.

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of intraoperative radiation therapy in the treatment of early breast cancer.

Materials and methods. A retrospective study was conducted on the basis of the St. Petersburg City Clinical Oncology Center. Patients with organ-preserving surgery and intraoperative radiation therapy were selected. Of the 352 patients, 273 patients met the inclusion/non-inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were verified breast cancer, clinical stage I–IIA, tumor size no more than 3 cm, absence of visible axillary lymph nodes and monocentric nature of tumor growth. All patients underwent sectoral resection of the mammary gland with a biopsy of the sentinel lymph nodes and intraoperative radiation therapy.

Results. The mean age of the patients was 59 years. For 273 patients, the median follow-up was 59.1 months. During this period, 18 (6.6 %) local recurrences of the disease were noted, of which 7 (39 %) patients with luminal A, 6 (33 %) patients with luminal B, 1 (6 %) patient with luminal B HER2/neu 3+, and 4 (22 %) patients with triple negative breast cancer. Within 3 years of follow-up, recurrence-free survival was 98.5 %, within 5 years – 96.4 %.

Conclusion. The use of intraoperative radiation therapy for early breast cancer is an effective and safe treatment method.
Tumor immune microenvironment and apoptotic markers in breast cancer patients carrying BRCA1 gene mutations
Authors: Stukan A. I. , Goryainova A. Yu. , Chukhray O. Yu. , Maksimenko S. D. , Imyanitov E. N. , Sharov S. V. , Khachmamuk Z. K.
Published: September 2022

Background. It is suggested that defects in BRCA1 / 2 genes contribute to a high mutational load and high immunogenicity, which modulates immune microenvironment. At the same time, it was shown that BRCA1 / 2-associated breast cancer tumors do not belong to the category of immunoactive ones. These tumors have low expression of immune response genes and exhibit an immunosuppressive type of microenvironment. This indicates the need of antitumor immune response modulation and maintaining of the optimal balance of tumor CD4/CD8 T-lymphocytes ratio. In addition, there is evidence of the additional evaluation of TP53 mutation in these tumors and disruption of the cell death process, which can also be a factor of resistance to therapy, including PARP inhibitors, and serve as a therapeutic target.

Materials and methods. The prospective study included 20 patients with BRCA1-associated breast cancer. BRCA1 / 2 mutations (BRCA1 185delAG, 4153delA, 5382insC, 3819delGTAAA, 3875delGTCT, 300T>G, 2080delA, BRCA2 6174delT) were detected in by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical study was performed on paraffin embedded tissue blocks by an automated method on a ThermoScentific immunohistotainer using monoclonal antibodies. The expression of markers of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, markers of macrophages (CD68, CD163), apoptosis (Bcl-2, p53), cell adhesion markers (E-cadherin, β-catenin) in breast cancer in carriers of BRCA1 mutations was assessed.

Results. High CD4/CD8 ratio, which characterizes immunosuppressive microenvironment, occurred in 75 % of cases. BRCA1 5382insC mutation is associated with high level of CD4+ TILs (p˂0.05), G2 is associated with a low CD4/CD8 ratio (p = 0.039) and a high level of CD163 (p = 0.02, AUC = 0.739); T1 correlates with high levels of CD8+ TILs (p = 0.038) and high levels of CD163 (p = 0.033). High Ki-67 is associated with a lack of Bcl-2 expression (p = 0.04) and a low level of E-cadherin (p = 0.02). Negative expression of Bcl-2 occurred in 75 % of cases. High level of p53 expression has been described as the main type of expression in these tumors, suggesting a combination of TB53 and BRCA1 mutations and a violation of cell death mechanism of in these tumors.

Conclusion. Breast cancer tumors of patients with hereditary mutations in BRCA1 gene demonstrate immunosuppressive type of microenvironment and a violation of the cell death mechanism. The main directions of future therapy of these tumors may include tumor immune microenvironment modification and activation of cell death mechanisms.
Prognostic significance of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients with metastatic breast cancer on the background of eribulin therapy
Authors: Zyuzyukina A. V. , Komissarova V. A. , Popova N. O. , Goldberg V. E. , Zukov R. A.
Published: September 2022

Background. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a prognostic marker in various carcinomas, including breast cancer. The NLR reflects the balance of systemic immunity and is associated with survival in patients with solid tumors.

Aim. This study retrospectively evaluated the significance of the NLR and the absolute lymphocyte count in patients with breast cancer who received eribulin therapy.

Materials and methods. The prognostic significance of the NLR and the absolute lymphocyte count in 33 patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with eribulin in 2020–2021 was analyzed.

Results. The median follow-up time for patients was 9 [6; 15] months. Twenty-six of 33 (78.8 %) patients progressed. Seven of 33 (21.2 %) patients were censored due to therapy discontinuation, complete discontinuation after 1 course was required in 3 (9.1 %) patients and was associated with the development of hematological toxicity: 1 (3 %) case of a combination of grade 3 leucopenia and grade 3 thrombocytopenia, 2 (6 %) cases of grade 3 neutropenia. According to the analysis results, the NLR was a statistically significant risk factor for progression in patients on eribulin therapy, both without taking into account the influence of other factors (univariate model) and with the underlying influence of the absolute neutrophil count and the absolute lymphocyte count: hazard ratio (95 % confidence interval) was 1.21 [1.04; 1.41], p = 0.015 and 1.30 [1.07; 1.57], p = 0.008, respectively. There was no statistically significant effect of the absolute neutrophil count and the absolute lymphocyte count in both univariate and multivariate models. To illustrate the impact of SNL on the onset of progression, patients were divided into two subgroups based on median SNL: SNL˂ 2.46 and SNL ≥2.46. The median survival in patients with SNL ≥2.46 was 9 months, and in patients with SNL˂ 2.46 it was 15 months.

Conclusion. The results of the pilot study state the NLR is a potential prognostic marker of long-term treatment with eribulin for patients with metastatic breast cancer, and can be used in clinical practice.
EXOTIC METAMORPHIC SCHIST FRAGMENTS IN THE OLIGOCENE DEPOSITS OF THE SILESIAN NAPPE (UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS)
Authors:   Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of the NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, Tsar M.
Published: September 2022

The study aims at analyzing the petrographic composition of exotic metamorphic schist clasts in the Oligocene deposits filling the Silesian Nappe in the south-western part of the Ukrainian Carpathians and reconstructing their possible source area. The methodology includes petrographic, sedimentological and comparative geological methods. To achieve this goal, field research was carried out along the first right tributary of the Hysnyi Stream (the village of Uzhok, Velykobereznyanskyi district, Transcarpathian region) and petrographic analysis of the selected samples of the exotic metamorphic schist clasts included in the Oligocene debris-flow deposits was performed. The results of microscopic studies showed that these exotic rocks are represented by mica-quartz schist and garnet-muscovitebiotite-plagioclase-quartz schist with a low content of chlorite, carbonate and epidote. Mineral composition and structure/texture features suggest the rocks were metamorphosed under green schist and epidote-amphibolite facies. Similar exotic rock fragments were identified by Polish scientists in the south-eastern part of the Polish Carpathians in the Silesian Nappe, where possible source area of the exotic rocks is related to the Bukowiec Paleo-Ridge, which had been located between the Dukla and Silesian basins of the Carpathian sedimentary realm. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the petrographic composition and textural and structural features of the exotic schists fragments included in the Oligocene deposits of the Silesian Nappe in the Ukrainian Carpathians (area of the village of Uzhok, Ukrainian Carpathians) are described. These schists are similar to the exotic rocks included in the Oligocene deposits of the Silesian Nappe in the Polish Carpathians, which may indicate the same source area.
MAGNETIC MINERALOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SOILS AS A PART OF THE INTEGRATED GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL MODEL FOR THE HYDROCARBON PROSPECTING
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Menshov О.
Published: September 2022

Magnetic minerals form or alter in the presence of hydrocarbons, making them a potential magnetic proxy for identifying hydrocarbon migration pathways. We concentrate in the precision magnetic mineralogical analyzes to understand what magnetic minerals in soil from the hydrocarbon fields are responsible for the magnetic signal. To illustrate the results of our studying, we consider the study area of the hydrocarbon deposits near the village Balabanivka, Bogodukhiv district, Kharkiv region. A collection of soil samples is represented by deep medium-humus chernozems. The thermomagnetic analyzes, hysteresis parameters, and isothermal remanent magnetization curves (IRM) were studied for the samples collected near the well (point PR 28) and at the area located out of the hydrocarbon influence zone (point PR 0403). To study the thermomagnetic parameters, different types of the magnetization and magnetic susceptibility (MS, χ), and hysteresis loops we used the Variable Field Translation Balance (VFTB) instrument. The results are confirmed by the highest values of the gas geochemical parameters. The MS variations at temperatures ranging from 200 to 400 ˚C may reflect the presence of either iron sulphides or maghemite. The magnetite occurs for all soils. The wasp-waisted hysteresis loops identified either a mixture of two magnetic minerals (magnetite and hematite) and the admixture of the superparamagnetic and larger grains of the same minerals.
COMBINATION OF GEOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES FOR MAPPING AND MONITORING OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITIES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Popov S. , Bondar К. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Khomenko R. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bondarkov М. ,   Chornobyl Center, Slavutych, Ukraine, Maksymenko А. ,   Chornobyl Center, Slavutych, Ukraine
Published: September 2022

Sites of radioactive waste disposal in Chernobyl exclusion zone still contain significant amounts of fissile materials. At the same time, the information on the amount of radioactive material buried during the accident cannot be called satisfactory. Within the strengthening international safety and environmental requirements, special activities were initiated to survey the radioactive waste disposals created during the liquidation of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The work involved the following combination of non-invasive geophysical methods: 1) high-resolution magnetometry; 2) ground penetrating radar (GPR) 3) direct current electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Magnetometry provided the detailed map of facilities, and highlighted the sites where containers with fissile substances had been buried. ERT models revealed variations in the resistivity across the disposal site, which is associated with different water content, and may indicate flooding. Ground water level was determined from GPR mesurements. The combined interpretation of geophysical results served a basis for designing the geometric model of the "Chernobyl 3rd stage" radioactive waste disposal facility. It was used to determine the places for subsequent applying direct radioactive methods for investigation and monitoring of this disposal site. Keywords: magnetometry, electrical resistivity tomography, ground penetrating radar, radiation dose, radioactive waste, groundwater.
Method of wave train electrical activity analysis – the theoretical basis and application
Authors:   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sushkova Olga S. , Morozov Alexei A. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrova Nadezhda G. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Khokhlova Margarita N. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Gabova Alexandra V. ,   Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sarkisova Karine Yu. ,   Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Karabanov Alexei V. ,   Research Center of Neurology, Chigaleychik Larisa A. ,   Research Center of Neurology
Published: September 2022

Classical methods for signal analysis are limited to describe either the global features or the local features. This paper proposes a new mathematically founded concept called wave train electrical activity analysis to investigate both local and global features in biomedical signals simultaneously. First, mathematical means for the investigation of the properties of the wave trains observed in the biomedical signals, histograms of wave train parameters and AUC diagrams, are discussed. Second, several examples of the practical application of the method of the wave train electrical activity analysis are considered. Specifically, its application is demonstrated in the investigation of epileptic seizures as well as the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor.
Computational experiment – nondimensionalization of equations, computational stability and program testing
Authors:   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of RAS, Fryazinsky branch, Evtikhov Mikhail G. , Evtikhov Vladimir G. ,   Moscow Polytechnic University
Published: September 2022

From the stages of the computational experiment, the stage of non-dimensionalization of the initial equation (system of equations) of the problem is considered - the replacement of its variables by the product of the corresponding dimensionless quantities by their units of measurement with subsequent transformations. Such a transition from a physical model to a mathematical (dimensionless) one makes it possible to obtain software implementations for research. A critical evaluation of its complexity is carried out and possible errors in the results are evaluated. At the same time, new versions of software are formed. Object-oriented programming tools and version control systems (for example, git) allow you to create versions of software tools adapted to different conditions of their use and for different types of users. Parallelization of work on versions is carried out. At the same time, for further software implementation, the set-theoretic language of formulas with partially recursive functions is effective. To implement versions with large amounts of calculations and data, high-performance computing systems based on software and hardware acceleration, parallel information processing and cloud architectures are used. As a rule, a difference model of the problem and iterative methods for solving it are constructed for a program version. Computational stability conditions are usually stipulated in modern instructions for standard program libraries. For new algorithms, it is necessary to analyze the stability of difference schemes based on the refinement of their spectral properties and the use of functional analysis methods. For storage and subsequent application of the results of computational experiments, it is advisable to use modern databases. As a kind of computational experiment, testing of alpha and beta versions of programs and their releases is also considered.
Nem Caneca, nem Bonifácio: a Independência do Império Brasileiro como uma Revolução Conservadora, 1820-1824
Authors: Araújo Castro Felipe , Cesar Machado Cabral Gustavo
Published: September 2022

Em contraste com outros movimentos emacipatórios do continente, a independência do Brasil pode ser descrita como uma Revolução conservadora, por ter configurado um processo lento, que introduziu a Nação no constitucionalismo moderno, mas sem deixar de preservar instituições centrais do período colonial, notadamente, a escravidão e a monarquia. No entanto, este resultado não estava dado, de forma que, até os momentos finais, coexistiram projetos distintos de independência para a Nação nascente. Este artigo procura revistar dois desses projetos, idealmente representados por José Bonifácio e Frei Caneca, diferenciados sobretudo por suas posições em torno do tema da centralização do poder político e econômico.
Western U.S. Geologic Deformation Model for Use in the U.S. National Seismic Hazard Model 2023
Authors: Hatem Alexandra E. , Reitman Nadine G. , Briggs Richard W. , Gold Ryan D. , Thompson Jobe Jessica A. , Burgette Reed J.
Published: September 2022

Fault geometry and slip rates are key input data for geologic deformation models, which are a fundamental component of probabilistic seismic hazard analyses (PSHAs). However, geologic sources for PSHA have traditionally been limited to faults with field-based slip rate constraints, which results in underrepresentation of known, but partially characterized, active faults. Here, we evaluate fault geometries and geologic fault slip rates for the western United States to construct a new geologic deformation model for the U.S. National Seismic Hazard Model 2023 update (NSHM23). In previous NSHM iterations, only faults with published geologic slip rates were included. In the NSHM23 fault sections database compilation, this inclusion criterion was expanded to include faults without known slip rates. In this updated geologic deformation model, preferred slip rates and associated uncertainty distributions are incorporated for faults with slip rates derived from field studies. For faults without site-specific slip rates, we evaluate a suite of uncertainty distributions derived from broad slip rate categories in the U.S. Geological Survey Quaternary Fault and Fold Database. Preferred slip rate distributions are selected via comparison with geodetic strain rates in tectonic subregions. The resultant moment of the geologic deformation model is generally in deficit compared with the geodetic moment within each region. Primary advances in the NSHM23 geologic deformation model include the following: (1) slip rates are presented as preferred values with uncertainties rather than single values; (2) the representation of the western U.S. active fault network is more complete; and (3) the geologic deformation model leverages geodetic information to assess regional constraints on geologic fault slip rates.
GPS Velocity Field of the Western United States for the 2023 National Seismic Hazard Model Update
Authors: Zeng Yuehua
Published: September 2022

Global Positioning System (GPS) velocity solutions of the western United States (WUS) are compiled from several sources of field networks and data processing centers for the 2023 U.S. Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM). These solutions include both survey and continuous-mode GPS velocity measurements. I follow the data processing procedure of Parsons et al. (2013) for the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, version 3 and McCaffrey, Bird, et al. (2013) and Zeng and Shen (2013) for their WUS deformation models in support of the 2014 NSHM update. All GPS velocity vectors are first rotated to a common North American reference frame. I edit the velocities to remove outliers and data with significant influence from volcanism. The solutions are then combined into a final GPS velocity field consisting of 4979 horizontal velocity vectors. I compute strain rates based on these GPS velocities using the method of Shen et al. (2015). These strain rates correlate closely with seismicity rates in the WUS. The results are used for WUS geodetic and geologic deformation modeling in support of the 2023 NSHM update.
La identidad constitucional en la jurisprudencia francesa: la historia del vals jurisprudencial hexagonal
Authors: Burgorgue-Larsen Laurence
Published: September 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es recorrer la historia de la aparición del concepto de «identidad constitucional» en la jurisprudencia francesa con el fin de comprender sus raíces técnicas y políticas. Así, para entender por qué la identidad constitucional fue inicialmente ignorada por los jueces franceses, antes de ser proclamada repentinamente en 2006 e identificada en 2021, es necesario analizar no solo el rol y las competencias del Consejo Constitucional en el sistema jurídico francés, sino también la evolución de la integración europea como tal.
Sanciones administrativas y garantías del proceso penal en el sistema del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Bouazza Ariño Omar
Published: September 2022

Más allá de la clasificación penal o administrativa de una sanción en el ordenamiento interno, el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos determinará la naturaleza de la infracción en base a los criterios formulados en su jurisprudencia y reconocerá, si procede, las garantías del proceso penal. En la sentencia Saquetti Iglesias c. España, de 30 de junio de 2020, el TEDH consideró que la sanción de unos 150.000 euros impuesta al demandante en virtud de la legislación administrativa de blanqueo de capitales, por su gravedad, tenía naturaleza penal y, por consiguiente, debió reconocerse el derecho a un doble grado de jurisdicción. Cabe plantearse si esta doctrina jurisprudencial es extensible también a las sanciones administrativas leves de naturaleza penal. En este trabajo centraré la atención en estas últimas y en el régimen de garantías aplicables desde la perspectiva del criterio interpretativo del objeto y finalidad del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos.
Vulgariser les concepts scientifiques dans la presse : Les définitions par métaphore
Authors: Rossi Micaela
Published: September 2022

La pandémie de COVID-19 a représenté un « moment discursif » (Moirand) fondamental au cours des dernières décennies ; plus en particulier, cet événement a mis à l’épreuve les concepts partagés de « vérité scientifique » (Charaudeau) et d’« expertise » (Vicari). Cette période a été également marquée par une activité de vulgarisation sans précédent de concepts spécialisés, liés aux domaines de la médecine et de la biologie, mais aussi aux domaines de l’économie et de la vie sociale, notamment à travers les canaux médiatiques (presse, radio, télévision, Internet et réseaux sociaux).

L’explication de notions fortement techniques, ainsi que de nouveaux termes issus de la pandémie, a souvent pris des formes variées, parmi lesquelles les tournures définitoires jouent un rôle majeur. Notre contribution se propose de mettre en évidence la fonction de cadrage (framing) que la métaphore peut jouer lorsqu’elle est exploitée comme instrument de définition d’un concept scientifique (Rossi 2018). Nous analyserons à ces fins un corpus de presse française et italienne comprise entre 2020 et 2021, détectant les métaphores utilisées comme reformulations définitoires de concepts liés à la pandémie.
In silico identification of the potential natural inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Guanine-N7 methyltransferase
Authors:   National Biotechnology Development Agency, Rowaiye Adekunle B. , Onuh Olukemi A. ,   National Biotechnology Development Agency, Oladimeji-Salami Joy A. ,   National Biotechnology Development Agency, Bur Doofan ,   National Biotechnology Development Agency, Njoku Moses ,   National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Ifedilichukwu Nma H. ,   National Biotechnology Development Agency, John Comfort O. ,   National Biotechnology Development Agency, Binuyo Olanike ,   National Biotechnology Development Agency, Udoh Faith P. ,   National Biotechnology Development Agency
Published: September 2022

Background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 has triggered intense scientific research into the possible therapeutic strategies that can combat the ravaging disease. One of such strategies is the inhibition of an important enzyme that affects an important physiological process of the virus. The enzyme, Guanine-N7 Methyltransferase is responsible for the capping of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA to conceal it from the host’s cellular defense. The aim of the study: This study aims at computationally identifying the potential natural inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 Guanine-N7 methyltransferase binding at the active site (Pocket 41). Materials and methods: A library of small molecules was obtained from edible African plants and was molecularly docked against the SARS-CoV-2 Guanine-N7 methyltransferase (QHD43415_13. pdb) using the Pyrx software. Sinefungin, an approved antiviral drug had a binding score of -7.6 kcal/ mol with the target was chosen as a standard. Using the molecular descriptors of the compounds, virtual screening for oral availability was performed using the Pubchem and SWISSADME web tools. The online servers pkCSM and Molinspiration were used for further screening for the pharmacokinetic properties and bioactivity respectively. The molecular dynamic simulation and analyses of the Apo and Holo proteins were performed using the GROMACS software on the Galaxy webserver. Results: With a total RMSD of 77.78, average RMSD of 3.704, total regional (active site) RMSF of 30.61, average regional RMSF of 1.91, gyration of 6.9986, and B factor of 696.14, Crinamidine showed the greatest distortion of the target. Conclusion: All the lead compounds performed better than the standard while Crinamidine is predicted to show the greatest inhibitory activity. Further tests are required to further investigate the inhibitory activities of the lead compounds.
Aerobic Exercise Training as a Potential Cardioprotective Strategy to Attenuate Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Kouzi Samir A. , Uddin Mohammad Nasir
Published: September 2022

Doxorubicin is one of the most commonly used cytotoxic anticancer drugs against several cancers.  Although a highly effective anticancer drug, the clinical use of doxorubicin is severely limited by its cardiotoxicity which results in morbidity, poor quality of life, and premature mortality.  Only very few clinically accepted methods to minimize doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury are available today, but none of them have proven to be completely successful.  Due to limited alternative strategies, a number of potential cardioprotective therapies are currently being investigated for treating and/or preventing doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.  Of these potential strategies, aerobic exercise training is the only nonpharmacologic strategy that shows a great deal of promise.  Although there are no published human clinical trials, evidence from numerous animal studies suggests that aerobic exercise training, administered prior to, during and/or following doxorubicin therapy, is protective against doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury.  Protective properties of exercise training against the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin have been attributed to a number of potential molecular mechanisms including:  enhancing the production of endogenous antioxidant machineries; regulating proapoptotic signaling; stimulating the release, mobilization and homing of cardiac progenitor cells; limiting myocyte turnover; eliciting favorable adaptations in myocardial calcium handling and preventing calcium overload; modulating cardiac AMPK activity; downregulating cardiac autophagy/lysosomal signaling; and reducing myocardial doxorubicin accumulation.  Further preclinical and clinical research is needed to decipher and refine the molecular mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of exercise training, as well as to define the nature and magnitude of the effect of exercise on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in cancer patients. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Predicting High-Impact Pharmacological Targets by Integrating Transcriptome and Text-Mining Features
Authors: Mayburd Anatoly , Baranova Ancha
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Novel, “outside of the box” approaches are needed for evaluating candidate molecules, especially in oncology. Throughout the years of 2000-2010, the efficiency of drug development fell to barely acceptable levels, and in the second decade of this century, levels have improved only marginally. This dismal condition continues despite unprecedented progress in the development of a variety of high-throughput tools, computational methods, aggregated databases, drug repurposing programs and innovative chemistries. Here we tested a hypothesis that the economic impact of targeting a particular gene product is predictable a priori by employing a combination of transcriptome profiles and quantitative metrics reflecting existing literature. Methods: To extract classification features, the gene expression patterns of a posteriori high-impact and low-impact anti-cancer target sets were compared. To minimize the possible bias of text-mining, the number of manuscripts published prior to the first clinical trial or relevant review paper, as well as its first derivative in this interval, were collected and used as quantitative metrics of public interest. Results: By combining the gene expression and literature mining features, a 4-fold enrichment in high-impact targets was produced, resulting in a favourable ROC curve analysis for the top impact targets. The dataset was enriched by the highest impact anti-cancer targets, while demonstrating drastic differences in economic value between high and low-impact targets. Known anti-cancer products of EGFR, ERBB2, CYP19A1/aromatase, MTOR, PTGS2, tubulin, VEGFA, BRAF, PGR, PDGFRA, SRC, REN, CSF1R, CTLA4 and HSP90AA1 genes received the highest scores for predicted impact, while microsomal steroid sulfatase, anticoagulant protein C, p53, CDKN2A, c-Jun, and TNSFS11 were highlighted as most promising research-stage targets. Conclusions: A significant cost reduction may be achieved by a priori impact assessment of targets and ligands before their development or repurposing. Expanding a suite of combinational treatments could also decrease the costs, while achieving a higher impact per developed ligand. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Električni in elektromehanski pretvorniki: Zapiski predavanj
Authors: Zagradišnik Ivan , Ritonja Jožef
Published: September 2022

V publikaciji so predstavljene osnove elektromehanske pretvorbe in štirje osnovni električni stroji: transformator, asinhronski stroj, sinhronski stroj in komutatorski stroj. Publikacija je razdeljena v pet poglavij. V nadaljevanju je predstavljena vsebina posameznih poglavij. Uvod: magnetno polje, vzbujanje navitij, induciranje napetosti, sile in vrtilni moment (navor), pretvarjanje električne moči v električno ali mehansko, izgube, izkoristek, segrevanje in hlajenje. Transformator: elementi gradnje, idealni in realni enofazni transformator, trifazni transformator, posebne izvedbe transformatorjev. Asinhronski stroj: opis gradnje z navitji in način delovanja, zagoni motorjev in spreminjanje hitrosti vrtenja ter vrtilnega momenta, asinhronski generator, enofazni asinhronski motorji. Sinhronski stroj: opis gradnje in način delovanja, obratovanje na togem omrežju, približna obravnava nasičenega stroja, vzbujalni sistemi in uporaba trajnih magnetov za vzbujanje, ter sinhronski motorji s trajnimi magneti. Komutatorski stroj: opis gradnje in način delovanja, reakcija kotve, problemi komutacije, elektronska komutacija, karakteristike različnih električnih vezav statorja in rotorja, spreminjanje hitrosti vrtenja, izmenični (univerzalni) komutatorski stroji.
International Scientific Conference »Research and Edustion in Nursing«: Book of Abstracts, June 9th 2022, Maribor, Slovenia
Authors: Lorber Mateja , Čuček Trifkovič Klavdija , Šostar Turk Sonja , Štiglic Gregor
Published: September 2022

University of Maribor Faculty of Health Sciences is organizing the International Scientific Conference »Research and Education in Nursing«, held on June 9th 2022. E-proceedings of the conference include most recent findings of domestic and foreign researchers and students in higher education, nursing and health sciences. The conference aims to explore explore advances in nursing and health care research as well as research-based education, in Slovenian and international arena. Furthermore, it will provide an opportunity for practitioners and educators to exchange research evidence, models of best practice and innovative ideas.
Strengthening Marine Species Protections in Cuba: A Case Study on the Critically Endangered Smalltooth Sawfish
Authors: Koubrak Olga , Pina Amargós Fabián , Álvarez Lemus José Alberto , Wiley Tonya , Thompson Katie , Figueredo Martin Tamara , Bretos Fernando
Published: September 2022

The Smalltooth Sawfish (Pristis pectinate), a critically endangered species of ray, is in urgent need of strong legal protection and conservation action in the Wider Caribbean Region, particularly in Cuba. Cuba has a long history of conservation initiatives for other marine species and is a signatory to multiple multinational agreements that direct the country to protect sawfish. Nevertheless, sawfish are only just beginning to be a species of concern on the island. Here we review existing domestic laws relevant to biodiversity and endangered species protection in Cuba, with a focus on safeguarding sawfish. We offer specific recommendations to improve sawfish protection in Cuba through clear prohibitions on killing and harassment, as well as safe release requirements for incidentally captured individuals.
​Effect of Foliar Applied Nitrogen with Growth Regulators (2,4 D, GA3, Amrut-pani) and Soil Applied Potassium on the Management of the Rough-skin Disorder of Nagpur Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)
Authors: Kalatippi A.S. , Pandey S.K. , Huchche A.D. , Hota Debashish , Kuldeep Dinesh Kumar , Bhooriya Manmohan Singh
Published: September 2022

Background: Rough-skin disorder mainly occurs in 6-12 years old young and senile orchards of Nagpur mandarin due to excess application or availability of potassium. The characteristics of rough-skinned fruits are large fruit size with rough textured peel, segments are loose intact with rind, improper fruit shape (fruit length to breadth ratio is equal to one or more than one), reduced juice per cent and TSS. Methods: Based on the incidence of rough-skin disorder, an orchard of Nagpur mandarin was earmarked at Hetikundi village of Wardha district, Maharashtra for Mrig bahar during 2020. The selected orchards are 10 years old, spaced at 6 m x 6 m and grafted on Rangpur lime rootstock. At harvest, yield and yield attributes, fruit physical characteristics and critical quality characteristics viz. TSS, acidity, TSS/ acidity ratio and vitamin C content of disordered and normal fruits were recorded according to treatments. Result: Foliar application of plant growth regulators like 2,4-D 15 ppm and GA3 15 ppm and reducing soil application of potassium in high potassium available soils reduced the rough skin and improved the rind texture and physicochemical characteristics at harvesting in mrig bahar.
THE DOCTRINE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS UNDER THE NIGERIAN CONSTITUTION
Authors:   LLB, LLM, BL, PhD (India), Senior Lecturer and Head, Department of Business Law, Faculty of Law, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Nwauzi Linus O
Published: September 2022

Separation of powers is a hallowed constitutional principle of the democratic government of Nigeria for the three arms of government to stay in their assigned tracks to avoid arbitrary excesses by any of the arms. The ideal is that the legislature makes the law; the executive executes the law, while the judiciary interprets the law. In recent times, the president of Nigeria churns out Executive Orders in the form of ‘laws seeking to regulate the activities of the government and the people. Similarly, agencies of the federal government have been found wanting in this act. This paper thus revisits the doctrine of separation of powers in Nigeria with a view to justifying its practice and an examination of the emerging trends of Executive Order and independence of the judiciary. The paper finds that the practice of separation of powers is on course in Nigeria despite some pockets of arbitrariness and concludes that adherence to the principles of separation of powers remains a sine qua non to Nigeria’s successful democratic journey.
Comparison of two surgical treatments for proximal femur fracture in elderly obese patients
Authors: Khan' Kh. Ch. , Akhtyamov I. F. , Ardashev S. A.
Published: September 2022

The choice of treatment methods for patients with fractures of the trochanteric region of the femur, as well as specific surgical tactics, is justified. According to a number of researchers, hip arthroplasty is an alternative to osteosynthesis in such injuries, especially in patients with limited functional capacity and a poor medical history. The primary results of endoprosthesis and intramedullary blocked fixation constructions in elderly patients with obesity were compared. Purpose of the study. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of intramedullary osteosynthesis and endoprosthesis in obese patients with vertebral fractures of the proximal femur. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on the basis of the Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan. A total of 76 patients aged 66 to 91 years were operated on. Two techniques were used in the treatment. 46 patients who underwent primary hip arthroplasty (THA) and 30 patients who underwent blocked intramedullary osteosynthesis (BIOS) with proximal femoral nail of gamma-nail type. Results. 1. A comparative study with a relatively small sample showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the duration of surgery between patients with normal BMI and obese patients with different surgical approaches. 2. Blood loss rates in both groups were less than the critical level (p < 0.05). The study expectedly confirmed that the higher the patient's BMI, the longer the duration of surgery and the greater the blood loss. 3. The presented material suggests that arthroplasty can be used for vertebral fractures of the proximal femur if there are no relevant surgical contraindications. 4. The relative difficulty of performing blocked intramedullary pinning, difficulty in activating and rehabilitating obese patients, and risks of early loading of the injured limb lead to the search for alternative methods of surgical treatment of acetabular femoral fractures. Using the advantages of hip arthroplasty is the most important factor of favorable outcome of treatment and life preservation for this complex group of patients.
Nonoperative management of colon and mesocolon injuries caused by blunt trauma: three case reports
Authors: Lee Naa , Jeong Euisung , Jang Hyunseok , Park Yunchul , Jo Younggoun , Kim Jungchul
Published: September 2022

The therapeutic approach for colon injury has changed continuously with the evolution of management strategies for trauma patients. In general, immediate laparotomy can be considered in hemodynamically unstable patients with positive findings on extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma. However, in the case of hemodynamically stable patients, an additional evaluation like computed tomography (CT) is required. Surgical treatment is often required if prominent mesenteric extravasation, free fluid, bowel infarction, and/or colon wall perforation are observed. However, immediate intervention in hemodynamically stable patients without indications for surgical treatment remains questionable. Three patients with colon and mesocolon injuries caused by blunt trauma were treated by nonoperative management. At the time of admission, they were alert and their vital signs were stable. Colon and mesocolon injuries, large hematoma, colon wall edema, and/or ischemia were revealed on CT. However, no prominent mesenteric extravasation, free fluid, bowel infarction, and/or colon wall perforation were observed. In two cases, conservative treatment was performed without worsening abdominal pain or laboratory tests. Follow-up CT showed improvement without additional treatment. In the third case, follow-up CT and percutaneous drainage were performed in considering the persistent left abdominal discomfort, fever, and elevated inflammatory markers of the patient. After that, outpatient CT showed improvement of the hematoma. In conclusion, nonoperative management can be considered as a therapeutic option for mesocolon and colon injuries caused by blunt trauma of selected cases, despite the presence of large hematoma and ischemia, if there are no clear indications for immediate intervention.
Hubungan Emotional Eating dan Kualitas Diet dengan Kenaikan Berat Badan Pada Mahasiswi Saat Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Sekarini Anisa Gita Ayu , Fitranti Deny Yudi , Tsani A. Fahmy Arif , Noer Etika Ratna
Published: September 2022

Latar Belakang: Banyak individu mengalami emotional eating saat pandemi sebagai cara untuk mengatasi rasa cemas dan bosan. Kondisi ini mengakibatkan peningkatan konsumsi makanan  tidak sehat yang mengarah pada kenaikan berat badan tidak terkontrol.  Tujuan: mengetahui hubungan emotional eating dan kualitas diet dengan kenaikan berat badan pada masa pandemi.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional. Jumlah subjek sejumlah 139 mahasiswi, berusia 18-23 tahun menggunakan metode consecutive sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data kenaikan berat badan, data emotional eating menggunakan Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), asupan makan menggunakan Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ), kualitas diet menggunakan Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I),  data pengetahuan gizi menggunakan kuesioner pengetahuan gizi seimbang, aktivitas fisik menggunakan International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF), dan durasi tidur menggunakan The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data dianalisis dengan uji rank spearman dan uji regresi logistik. Hasil: Terdapat 69% subjek mengalami kenaikan berat badan, 47% subjek menglami emotional eating tinggi, dan 81% subjek memiliki kualitas diet rendah. Penelitian ini menunjukan adanya hubungan emotional eating (p = 0,005 ; r = 0,236) dan kualitas diet (p = 0,002 ; r = -0,261) dengan kenaikan berat badan. Uji multivariat menunjukan bahwa kualitas diet yang berpengaruh terhadap kenaikan berat badan (p = <0,001).Kesimpulan: Emotional eating dan kualitas diet berhubungan dengan kenaikan berat badan mahasiswi pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Kualitas diet merupakan faktor risiko kenaikan berat badan.Kata kunci: Kenaikan berat badan, emotional eating, kualitas diet, mahasiswi