bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using a Dedicated Education Unit Clinical Education Model With Second-Degree Accelerated Nursing Program Students
Authors: Sharpnack Patricia A. , Koppelman Catherine , Fellows Bonnie
Published: November 2014

Rising health care costs have underscored the need for new graduates to effectively transition to professional practice. Effective academic–practice partnerships, such as dedicated education units (DEUs), can be useful in facilitating the transfer of knowledge from the classroom to the clinical setting. This randomized experimental study found the DEU clinical model to be valuable in facilitating the transfer of knowledge in second-degree accelerated program students as evaluated by course, simulation, and standardized assessment scores and self-evaluations. Successful transition to clinical practice is reported by practice partners; time allotted for orientation program requirements was reduced and retention on the unit of hire was improved. Additional research is needed to understand the effectiveness of second-degree accelerated nursing programs and how to revise the clinical education element of the program to meet the unique needs of these students. [
J Nurs Educ.
2014;53(12):685–691.]
Reinventing the Home Visit for Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Pohl Carla J. , Malin Shelly , Kennell Lynn
Published: November 2014

The Family Outreach Project was designed to teach senior-level undergraduate nursing students how to assess, care for, and develop care plans for children with chronic health conditions and their families. Nursing students (
n
= 24) could attend one focus group conducted at the end of the semester as part of the evaluation of the America’s Promise School Project. Responses were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative methods were used to identify themes. Comfort with the visit, professionalism of the students, and usefulness of the home visit to families was assessed. Analysis of focus group responses identified four major themes: learning experience, observations about home environment, concerns about having nothing to offer families, and difficulties with arranging and carrying out the home visits. Family responses (
n
= 10) supported students’ perception that families were knowledgeable about their children’s chronic health conditions. Families indicated that students were professional and treated families respectfully. [
J Nurs Educ.
2014;53(12):696–698.]
IT Progress Indicators
Authors: Amer T. S. , Johnson Todd L.
Published: November 2014

Users of information technology (IT) often encounter “progress indicators” during their interactions. These graphics (e.g., progress bars) appear on computing screens as users wait for a task to complete. The purpose of progress indicators is to inform users of the progress being made to complete a task. This study employs two theoretical models from psychological research on human waiting to develop specific hypotheses related to the design of progress indicators: the sense-of-progress and the subjective-sense-of-time frameworks. The results of three experiments indicate that progress indicators exhibiting key characteristics from these frameworks influence user experiences. Experiment 1 revealed that participants preferred a linear progress bar to a cycling progress bar. Experiment 2 revealed that participants preferred a video progress indicator to a cycling progress bar, and judged the process duration to be shorter with the video progress indicator. Experiment 3 revealed that the video progress indicator yielded the best user experience.
Both PD-1 Ligands Protect the Kidney from Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Jaworska Katarzyna , Ratajczak Joanna , Huang Liping , Whalen Kristen , Yang Mana , Stevens Brian K. , Kinsey Gilbert R.
Published: November 2014

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem in hospitalized patients that enhances morbidity and mortality and promotes the development of chronic and end-stage renal disease. Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the major causes of AKI and is characterized by uncontrolled renal inflammation and tubular epithelial cell death. Our recent studies demonstrated that regulatory T cells (Tregs) protect the kidney from ischemia reperfusion–induced inflammation and injury. Blockade of programmed death-1 (PD-1) on the surface of Tregs, prior to adoptive transfer, negates their ability to protect against ischemic kidney injury. The present study was designed to investigate the role of the known PD-1 ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, in kidney IRI. Administration of PD-L1 or PD-L2 blocking Abs prior to mild or moderate kidney IRI significantly exacerbated the loss of renal function, renal inflammation, and acute tubular necrosis compared with mice receiving isotype control Abs. Interestingly, blockade of both PD-1 ligands resulted in worse injury, dysfunction, and inflammation than did blocking either ligand alone. Genetic deficiency of either PD-1 ligand also exacerbated kidney dysfunction and acute tubular necrosis after subthreshold ischemia. Bone marrow chimeric studies revealed that PD-L1 expressed on non-bone marrow–derived cells is critical for this resistance to IRI. Finally, blockade of either PD-1 ligand negated the protective ability of adoptively transferred Tregs in IRI. These findings suggest that PD-L1 and PD-L2 are nonredundant aspects of the natural protective response to ischemic injury and may be novel therapeutic targets for AKI.
Short-Term Musical Training and Pyschoacoustical Abilities
Authors: Jain Chandni , Mohamed Hijas , Kumar U. Ajith
Published: November 2014

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of short-term perceptual training of music on some psycho-acoustical measures. The study was carried out in three phases. In first the phase pre-training evaluation was done which included raga identification and various psycho acoustical tests. Psycho-acoustical tests included measurement of differential limen of frequency and intensity, duration discrimination, gap detection, modulation detection, backward masking and duration pattern test. In the second phase, auditory perceptual training was given for raga identification and in the third phase post- training evaluation was done though same tests as mentioned in pre-training phase. A total of 10 normal hearing adults (7 males, 3 females) in the age range of 18-25 years participated in the study. The results revealed that all the subjects performed significantly better on raga identification after training. However; there was no significant difference in psycho-acoustical measures in pre and post-training.
Down-staging following neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: Does timing of surgery really matter?
Authors: Sirohi Bhawna , Barreto Savio George , Patkar Shraddha , Gupta Alok , DeSouza Ashwin , Talole Sanjay , Deodhar Kedar , Shetty Nitin , Engineer Reena , Goel Mahesh , Shrikhande Shailesh V.
Published: November 2014

Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACTRT) improves local recurrence rate in locally advanced (LA) rectal cancer with no survival benefit. Pathological complete response (pCR) post-NACTRT is associated with improved outcome. Debate is ongoing as to when would be the opportune time to operate. Aim: To determine if greater down-staging can be achieved by a longer time interval from NACTRT to surgery (tumor regression score [TRS]) and whether this would impact sphincter saving surgery rates and early relapse rates. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of patients with LA rectal adenocarcinoma treated from January 2012 to August 2013 was carried out. One hundred and ten patients who completed NACTRT (50 Gy/25 fractions with capecitabine 825 mg/m 2 twice daily) followed by surgical resection were included. For response evaluation patients were divided into two groups, Group 1 (TRS ≤60 days, n = 42) and 2 (TRS >60 days, n = 68). Tumor down-staging, pCR rate, tumor regression grade (TRG) post-NACTRT and relapse rates were correlated with TRS. Results: Of 110 patients (median age: 49 years (21-73), 71% males; 18 (16.5%) with signet ring histology) 96% patients underwent an R0 resection. Post-NACTRT, CR was attained in 5 (4.5%), partial response in 98 (89%) and stable disease in 7 (6.4%) patients. Median time from completion of NACTRT to surgery was 64.5 days (6-474). Median lymph nodes harvested were 10 (1-50). Overall, 22 (20%) patients achieved pCR. 26 (62%) patients in Group 1 compared to 36 (53%) in Group 2 underwent sphincter sparing surgery (SSS) (P = 0.357). Six patients (14%) in Group 1 and 16 (24%) in Group 2 achieved pCR (P = 0.24). Median TRG in both groups was three. Conclusion: Timing of surgery following NACTRT for LA rectal cancer does not influence pathological response, ability to perform SSS or disease-free survival. There is no incremental benefit of delaying the surgery though this needs to be confirmed in a prospective randomized trial.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor presenting as orbito temporal lump: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Panigrahi Souvagya , Mishra Sudhansu , Mishra Sanjib , Das Srikant
Published: November 2014

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma. The most common anatomical sites include the upper and lower extremities and trunk and less commonly the head and neck. To our knowledge, few patients with a cranial or facial MPNST have been reported. We report such a lesion in a 35-year-old woman who presented with left sided rapidly progressive proptosis and visual loss due to an orbital lump extending up to the temporal lobe. Cranial imaging showed a huge mass invading the orbital wall and temporal bone. The presumptive diagnosis was a malignant orbital tumor. Preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology of the orbital mass came to be neurofibroma. Near total resection of the tumor was done. Histopathology revealed MPNST which was subsequently confirmed on the basis of immunopositivity for S-100. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged 8 days after surgery with an advice to attend cancer institute for possible radiotherapy.
Endoscopic management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea
Authors: Yadav Yad , Parihar Vijay , Janakiram Narayanan , Pande Sonjay , Bajaj Jitin , Namdev Hemant
Published: November 2014

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea occurs due to communication between the intracranial subarachnoid space and the sinonasal mucosa. It could be due to trauma, raised intracranial pressure (ICP), tumors, erosive diseases, and congenital skull defects. Some leaks could be spontaneous without any specific etiology. The potential leak sites include the cribriform plate, ethmoid, sphenoid, and frontal sinus. Glucose estimation, although non-specific, is the most popular and readily available method of diagnosis. Glucose concentration of > 30 mg/dl without any blood contamination strongly suggests presence and the absence of glucose rules out CSF in the fluid. Beta-2 transferrin test confirms the diagnosis. High-resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance cisternography are complementary to each other and are the investigation of choice. Surgical intervention is indicated, when conservative management fails to prevent risk of meningitis. Endoscopic closure has revolutionized the management of CSF rhinorrhea due to its less morbidity and better closure rate. It is usually best suited for small defects in cribriform plate, sphenoid, and ethmoid sinus. Large defects can be repaired when sufficient experience is acquired. Most frontal sinus leaks, although difficult, can be successfully closed by modified Lothrop procedure. Factors associated with increased recurrences are middle age, obese female, raised ICP, diabetes mellitus, lateral sphenoid leaks, superior and lateral extension in frontal sinus, multiple leaks, and extensive skull base defects. Appropriate treatment for raised ICP, in addition to proper repair, should be done to prevent recurrence. Long follow-up is required before leveling successful repair as recurrences may occur very late.
Impact of Climate and Mosquito Vector Abundance on Sylvatic Arbovirus Circulation Dynamics in Senegal
Authors: Althouse Benjamin M. , Hanley Kathryn A. , Diallo Mawlouth , Sall Amadou A. , Ba Yamar , Faye Ousmane , Diallo Diawo , Watts Douglas M. , Weaver Scott C. , Cummings Derek A. T.
Published: November 2014

Sylvatic arboviruses have been isolated in Senegal over the last 50 years. The ecological drivers of the pattern and frequency of virus infection in these species are largely unknown. We used time series analysis and Bayesian hierarchical count modeling on a long-term arbovirus dataset to test associations between mosquito abundance, weather variables, and the frequency of isolation of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. We found little correlation between mosquito abundance and viral isolations. Rainfall was a negative predictor of dengue virus (DENV) isolation but a positive predictor of Zika virus isolation. Temperature was a positive predictor of yellow fever virus (YFV) isolations but a negative predictor of DENV isolations. We found slight interference between viruses, with DENV negatively associated with concurrent YFV isolation and YFV negatively associated with concurrent isolation of chikungunya virus. These findings begin to characterize some of the ecological associations of sylvatic arboviruses with each other and climate and mosquito abundance.
First Case of Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania martiniquensis
Authors: Liautaud Bernard , Vignier Nicolas , Miossec Charline , Plumelle Yves , Kone Moumini , Delta Delphine , Ravel Christophe , Cabié André , Desbois Nicole
Published: November 2014

We report the first case of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania martiniquensis in the Caribbean, which until now, was known only to cause cutaneous leishmaniasis. The disease presented with fatigue, anemia, and hepatosplenomegaly in a 61-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who was receiving antiretroviral therapy. Diagnosis was made by bone marrow biopsy. VL is life-threatening, and its emergence in the Caribbean is of concern.
Q Fever is Underestimated in the United States: A Comparison of Fatal Q Fever Cases from Two National Reporting Systems
Authors: Dahlgren F. Scott , Haberling Dana L. , McQuiston Jennifer H.
Published: November 2014

Two national surveillance systems capturing reports of fatal Q fever were compared with obtained estimates of Q fever underreporting in the United States using capture–recapture methods. During 2000–2011, a total of 33 unique fatal Q fever cases were reported through case report forms submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and through U.S. death certificate data. A single case matched between both data sets, yielding an estimated 129 fatal cases (95% confidence interval [CI] = 62–1,250) during 2000–2011. Fatal cases of Q fever were underreported through case report forms by an estimated factor of 14 and through death certificates by an estimated factor of 5.2.
Lessons From The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): A Comparison of Nigeria and Her Sub-Saharan Neighbours
Authors: Okere A
Published: November 2014

No abstract
Characteristics and sources of gravity waves observed in noctilucent cloud over Norway
Authors: Demissie T. D. , Espy P. J. , Kleinknecht N. H. , Hatlen M. , Kaifler N. , Baumgarten G.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Four years of noctilucent cloud (NLC) images from an automated digital camera in Trondheim and results from a ray-tracing model are used to extend the climatology of gravity waves to higher latitudes and to identify their sources during summertime. The climatology of the summertime gravity waves detected in NLC between 64 and 74° N is similar to that observed between 60 and 64° N by Pautet et al. (2011). The direction of propagation of gravity waves observed in the NLC north of 64° N is a continuation of the north and northeast propagation as observed in south of 64° N. However, a unique population of fast, short wavelength waves propagating towards the SW is observed in the NLC, which is consistent with transverse instabilities generated in situ by breaking gravity waves (Fritts and Alexander, 2003). The relative amplitude of the waves observed in the NLC Mie scatter have been combined with ray-tracing results to show that waves propagating from near the tropopause, rather than those resulting from secondary generation in the stratosphere or mesosphere, are more likely to be the sources of the prominent wave structures observed in the NLC. The coastal region of Norway along the latitude of 70° N is identified as the primary source region of the waves generated near the tropopause.
Validation of nine years of MOPITT V5 NIR using MOZAIC/IAGOS measurements: biases and long-term stability
Authors: de Laat A. T. J. , Aben I. , Deeter M. , Nédélec P. , Eskes H. , Attié J.-L. , Ricaud P. , Abida R. , El Amraoui L. , Landgraf J.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Validation results from a comparison between Measurement Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) V5 Near InfraRed (NIR) carbon monoxide (CO) total column measurements and Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapour on Airbus in-service Aircraft (MOZAIC)/In-Service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) aircraft measurements are presented. A good agreement is found between MOPITT and MOZAIC/IAGOS measurements, consistent with results from earlier studies using different validation data and despite large variability in MOPITT CO total columns along the spatial footprint of the MOZAIC/IAGOS measurements. Validation results improve when taking the large spatial footprint of the MOZAIC/IAGOS data into account. No statistically significant drift was detected in the validation results over the period 2002–2010 at global, continental and local (airport) scales. Furthermore, for those situations where MOZAIC/IAGOS measurements differed from the MOPITT a priori, the MOPITT measurements clearly outperformed the MOPITT a priori data, indicating that MOPITT NIR retrievals add value to the MOPITT a priori. Results from a high spatial resolution simulation of the chemistry-transport model MOCAGE (MOdèle de Chimie Atmosphérique à Grande Echelle) showed that the most likely explanation for the large MOPITT variability along the MOZAIC-IAGOS profile flight path is related to spatio-temporal CO variability, which should be kept in mind when using MOZAIC/IAGOS profile measurements for validating satellite nadir observations.
Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) satellite observations of tropospheric ammonia
Authors: Shephard M. W. , Cady-Pereira K. E.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Observations of atmospheric ammonia are important in understanding and modeling the impact of ammonia on both human health and the natural environment. Presented is a detailed description of a robust retrieval algorithm that demonstrates the capabilities of utilizing Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) satellite observations to globally retrieval ammonia concentrations. Initial ammonia retrieval results using both simulated and real observations show that CrIS is: (i) sensitive to ammonia in the boundary layer, with peak vertical sensitivity typically around 800 hPa (~2 km), (ii) has a minimum detection limit of ~1 ppbv (peak profile value), and (iii) the information content can vary significantly with peak values of ~1 degrees-of-freedom for signal. Comparisons of the retrieval with simulated "true" profiles show there is small positive retrieval bias of 6%, with the variability being from 4% (25th quartile) to +26% (75th quartile). Note these uncertainty estimates are considered as lower bound values as no potential systematic errors are included in the simulations. The CrIS NH3 retrieval applied over the Central Valley in CA, USA demonstrates that CrIS can capture the general spatial variability of the boundary layer ammonia concentrations seen by the nearby Quantum Cascade-Laser (QCL) in-situ surface and the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) satellite observations as part of the DISCOVER-AQ campaign. The CrIS and TES ammonia observations show quantitatively similar retrieved boundary layer values that are often within the uncertainty of the two observations. These initial results demonstrate the capabilities of the CrIS satellite to measure ammonia.
An observation-constrained multi-physics RCM ensemble for simulating European mega-heatwaves
Authors: Stegehuis A. I. , Vautard R. , Ciais P. , Teuling A. J. , Miralles D. G. , Wild M.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Climate models are often not evaluated or calibrated against observations of past climate extremes, resulting in poor performance during for instance heatwave conditions. Here we use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate model with a large combination of different atmospheric physics schemes, with the goal of detecting the most sensitive ones and identifying those that appear most suitable for simulating the heatwave events of 2003 in Western Europe and 2010 in Russia. 55 Out of 216 simulations combining different atmospheric physical schemes can reproduce the extreme temperatures observed during heatwaves, the majority of simulations showing a cold bias of on average 2–3 °C. Conversely, precipitation is mostly overestimated prior to heatwaves, and short wave radiation is slightly underestimated. Convection is found to be the most sensitive process impacting simulated heatwave temperature, across 4 different convection schemes in the simulation ensemble. Based on these comparisons, we design a reduced ensemble of five well performing and diverse scheme combinations, which may be used in the future to perform heatwave analysis and to investigate the impact of climate change in summer in Europe. Future studies could include the use of different land surface models together with varied physics scheme.
Amino acid and N mineralization dynamics in heathland soil after long-term warming and repetitive drought
Authors: Andresen L. C. , Bode S. , Tietema A. , Boeckx P. , Rütting T.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Monomeric organic nitrogen (N) such as free amino acids (fAA) is an important resource for both plants and soil microorganisms and is, furthermore, a source of ammonium (NH4+) via microbial fAA mineralization. We compared gross fAA dynamics with gross N mineralization in a Dutch heathland soil using 15N labelling. A special focus was made on the effects of climate change factors warming and drought, followed by rewetting. Our aims were to: (1) compare fAA mineralization (NH4+ production from fAAs) with gross N mineralization, (2) assess gross fAA production rate (depolymerization) and turnover time relative to gross N mineralization rate, and (3) assess the effects of warming and drought on these rates. The turnover of fAA in the soil was ca. 3 h, which is almost two orders of magnitude faster than that of NH4+ (i.e. ca. 4 days). This suggests that fAAs is an extensively used resource by soil microorganisms. In control soil (i.e. no climatic treatment), the gross N mineralization rate (10 ± 2.9 μg N g−1 day−1) was eight-times smaller than the summed gross fAA production rate of five AAs (alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline: 127.4 to 25.0 μg N g−1 day−1). Gross fAA mineralization (3.4 ± 0.2 μg N g−1 day−1) contributed by 34% to the gross N mineralization rate and is, thus, an important component of N mineralization. In the drought treatment, gross fAA production was reduced by 65% and gross fAA mineralization by 41%, compared to control. On the other hand, gross N mineralization was unaffected by drought, indicating an increased mineralization of other soil organic nitrogen (SON) components. Warming did not significantly affect N transformations, even though that gross fAA production was more than halved. Overall our results suggest that heathland soil exposed to droughts has a shift in the composition of the SON being mineralized. Furthermore, compared to agricultural soils, fAA mineralization was relatively less important in the investigated heathland. This indicates a more complex mineralization dynamics in semi-natural ecosystems.
Hip shape and long-term hip function: a study of patients with in-situ fixation for slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Authors: Wall Peter D. H. , Brown Jamie S. , Freshney Sara , Parsons Helen , Griffin Damian R.
Published: November 2014

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a rare adolescent hip disease that leads to a hip shape abnormality. Typical treatment involves in-situ fixation. It is not known if the degree of initial hip shape abnormality associated with SCFE has a significant effect on long-term hip function.

A cohort of patients aged 18-50 who had undergone in-situ fixation for SCFE from 1970 onwards in our institution provided IHOT-33 (hip function) outcome data. Frog lateral radiographs from the time of surgery were used to measure radiological hip shape using both Southwick angle and alpha angle.

There were 38 patients (46 hips) SCFE patients who met the eligibility criteria. We obtained follow-up data for 32 patients (38 hips), 83% follow-up. Ten patients (20 hips) had bilateral SCFE. The mean follow-up was 12.7 years (95% CI 10.7–14.7). 32 patients matched for age and sex who had no history of SCFE provided control IHOT-33 outcome data.

There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in long-term hip function between patients undergoing in-situ fixation for SCFE and the control population (mean IHOT-33 scores of 71.8 and 95.8 respectively). There was no significant (p>0.05) correlation between long-term hip function and Southwick angle or lateral alpha angle. The initial severity of hip shape abnormality due to SCFE was not a strong predictor of long-term hip function. Other extraneous factors not related to hip shape may have an equally if not more important role to play in the subsequent long-term outcome of SCFE.
A cost-utility analysis of a comprehensive orthogeriatric care for hip fracture patients, compared with standard of care treatment
Authors: Ginsberg Gary , Adunsky Abraham , Rasooly Iris
Published: November 2014

Background

The economic burden associated with hip fractures calls for the investigation of innovative new cost-utility forms of organisation and integration of services for these patients.

Objective

To carry out a cost-utility analysis integrating epidemiological and economic aspects for hip fracture patients treated within a comprehensive orthogeriatric model (COGM) of care, as compared with standard of care model (SOCM).

Design

A demonstration study conducted in a major tertiary medical centre, operating both a COGM ward and standard orthopaedic and rehabilitation wards.

Methods

Data was collected on the clinical outcomes and health care costs of the two different treatment modalities, in order to calculate the absolute cost and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) ratio.

Results

The COGM model used 23% fewer resources per patient ($14,919 vs. $19,363) than the SOCM model and to avert 0.226 additional DALY per patient, mainly as a result of lower 1-year mortality rates among COGM patients (14.8% vs. 17.3%).

conclusion

A comprehensive ortho-geriatric care modality is more cost-effective, providing additional quality-adjusted life years (QALY) while using fewer resources compared with standard of care approach. The results should assist health policy-makers in optimising healthcare use and healthcare planning.
Marketing do futuro ou futuro do marketing?
Authors: Ornellas Regina da Silva
Published: November 2014

Com o intuito de caracterizar o processo de transformação que a área de marketing vem passando na atualidade, e melhor entender as razões do destaque com que o executivo de marketing atua na empresa moderna, este artigo busca analisar as transformações que o conceito de marketing sofreu no decorrer do tempo e, com essa base, as transformações no papel do executivo de marketing dentro de uma organização. Para tanto, refaz-se o percurso histórico da atividade mercantil, base do conceito de marketing e do formato como se conhece atualmente. Em seguida, faz-se uma retrospectiva dos principais pressupostos assumidos nas diferentes etapas que consolidaram o marketing como prática administrativa. A partir de então, discorre-se sobre as tendências do marketing, seja como reflexos das mudanças socioeconômicas ocorridas no planeta, seja pela ascensão de novos temas e tecnologias que influenciam diretamente no pensamento de consumidores e do marketing, por consequência. Destaque para a ascensão das tecnologias sociais, especialmente a Web 2.0, bem como das questões relativas à Geração Y. Finalmente, faz alusão à evolução do papel do administrador de marketing nas organizações, e apresentam-se as principais orientações que os jovens administradores devem ter em mente com vias ao desenvolvimento de suas carreiras na área de marketing.
O ambiente de negócios, o jovem administrador, e o futuro da área de tecnologia
Authors: Lucas Júnior Durval , Borges Harissa Naoum
Published: November 2014

A tecnologia já não é elemento acessório na gestão das organizações. Hoje, é fator decisivo no tocante às escolhas de administradores e consumidores: é modelo de negócio, produto e serviço, com maior integração e intangibilidade. Assim, considerando a importância crescente da tecnologia na gestão das organizações e da complexidade dos processos de gestão, além da necessidade de que os jovens administradores compreendam alguns dos princípios relativos ao uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação nas organizações, apresentaremos neste artigo os fatores que consideramos fundamentais na estruturação do ambiente de T.I. das organizações, bem como discutiremos de que forma a dinâmica da evolução destes fatores pode influenciar o contexto organizacional. Para tanto, faremos uma trajetória histórica e uma reflexão sobre algumas tendências já consolidadas; concluiremos apresentando as principais implicações aos jovens administradores e as principais conclusões a respeito do futuro dos negócios. Com estas reflexões, espera-se que o jovem administrador que vislumbre seguir carreira na área de tecnologia compreenda de maneira efetiva o seu papel no contexto organizacional, que é ao mesmo tempo inovador, responsável pela disseminação da tecnologia dentro da organização, e integrador, seja entre área de tecnologia e áreas de negócio, seja com pessoas e estruturas organizacionais existentes.
Coleta seletiva e reciclagem do lixo: experiência de educação socioambiental em uma escola da rede estadual de ensino de Maceió, Alagoas
Authors: Silva Claudionor de Oliveira , Lopes Jessé Pimentel , Dantas Maria Ivoneide
Published: November 2014

O presente trabalho vem tratar da temática meio ambiente pelo viés da educação, tomando como base a precária situação do lixo no meio urbano e a dificuldade que a sociedade tem em lidar com esse fenômeno. O principal objetivo do trabalho foi conscientizar os alunos da importância da prática da coleta seletiva do lixo como instrumento de preservação ambiental. O procedimento metodológico foi baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica, onde procuramos abordar a coleta seletiva do lixo e a reciclagem no contexto da Educação Ambiental, mas precisamente, no ambiente escolar, fundamentado em Callicot e Shaner (1989), Carvalho (1995), Franco (2005), Loureiro (2005), Lima (2004), Maturana (2001), dentre outros; e pesquisa-ação, com a aplicação de um projeto pedagógico na vertente socioambiental e aplicação de questionários com a finalidade de avaliar o projeto. Os resultados mostram a necessidade de investir em Educação Ambiental nas escolas buscando relacionar as questões ambientais, históricas, sociais e econômicas, como também demonstrou que a proposta pedagógica não só deve contemplar objetivos conceituais mais, sobretudo atitudinais e procedimentais.
Estudo dos indicadores de impacto da visitação na Trilha dos Surfistas, Parque Estadual Xixová-Japuí (SP)
Authors: Corrêa Kátia Maia , Abessa Denis Moledo de Souza
Published: November 2014

Considerada um dos “hotspots” mundiais, a Mata Atlântica teve sua cobertura florestal reduzida drasticamente devido a crescente urbanização em áreas desse bioma. Para proteger os remanescentes, foram criadas as Unidades de Conservação (UC), cujo a categoria Parque concilia o uso recreativo com a proteção dos recursos naturais. O monitoramento do impacto dos visitantes em trilhas é feito através de metodologias, tais como VIM, LAC, VERP, que utilizam de indicadores biológicos, físicos e antrópicos. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a alteração temporal destes indicadores associando-os com o uso público na trilha de Itaquitanduva, Parque Estadual Xixová-Japuí (SP), através de uma adaptação do método VIM. No período entre as três campanhas realizadas (maio a setembro/2010), houve pouca variação dos indicadores analisados (variação temporal); a variação observada foi ao longo dos dezessete pontos e seções determinados na trilha (variação espacial). Processos erosivos e outros problemas associados a ausência de um sistema de drenagem são alguns dos problemas críticos da trilha em questão. Entretanto, estes ocorrem independentemente da visitação o que demanda medidas urgentes de manejo para recuperação da trilha.
Échanges, adaptations et traductions dans l’histoire missionnaire : les Soeurs blanches au Canada français (1903-2013)
Authors: Desautels Éric
Published: November 2014

L’activité missionnaire a constitué un espace important d’échanges et de transferts culturels pour l’Église catholique. La congrégation canadienne des Soeurs de Notre-Dame d’Afrique, mieux connue sous le nom de Soeurs blanches, témoigne d’un désir d’adaptation et de compréhension des autres cultures et religions dès son arrivée en Afrique dans les années 1900. Les Soeurs blanches ont développé un regard spécifique issu d’échanges culturels. Au cours du XXe siècle, elles ont adopté des positions à l’avant-garde de l’Église catholique, notamment en ce qui concerne les mouvements nationalistes et indépendantistes. Comment les pratiques missionnaires ont-elles évolué et comment se sont-elles adaptées aux contextes sociaux et culturels des différentes communautés de missionnés? Cet article vise à mieux comprendre l’évolution du discours des Soeurs blanches en ce qui a trait aux rapports entre missionnaires et missionnés, aux transferts culturels dans l’espace missionnaire et à l’adaptation culturelle.
Transposition-mediated DNA re-replication in maize
Authors: Zhang Jianbo , Zuo Tao , Wang Dafang , Peterson Thomas
Published: November 2014

Every DNA segment in a eukaryotic genome normally replicates once and only once per cell cycle to maintain genome stability. We show here that this restriction can be bypassed through alternative transposition, a transposition reaction that utilizes the termini of two separate, nearby transposable elements (TEs). Our results suggest that alternative transposition during S phase can induce re-replication of the TEs and their flanking sequences. The DNA re-replication can spontaneously abort to generate double-strand breaks, which can be repaired to generate Composite Insertions composed of transposon termini flanking segmental duplications of various lengths. These results show how alternative transposition coupled with DNA replication and repair can significantly alter genome structure and may have contributed to rapid genome evolution in maize and possibly other eukaryotes.
Intercollicular commissural connections refine the representation of sound frequency and level in the auditory midbrain
Authors: Orton Llwyd David , Rees Adrian
Published: November 2014

Connections unifying hemispheric sensory representations of vision and touch occur in cortex, but for hearing, commissural connections earlier in the pathway may be important. The brainstem auditory pathways course bilaterally to the inferior colliculi (ICs). Each IC represents one side of auditory space but they are interconnected by a commissure. By deactivating one IC in guinea pig with cooling or microdialysis of procaine, and recording neural activity to sound in the other, we found that commissural input influences fundamental aspects of auditory processing. The areas of nonV frequency response areas (FRAs) were modulated, but the areas of almost all V-shaped FRAs were not. The supra-threshold sensitivity of rate level functions decreased during deactivation and the ability to signal changes in sound level was decremented. This commissural enhancement suggests the ICs should be viewed as a single entity in which the representation of sound in each is governed by the other.
Lymph node stromal cells constrain immunity via MHC class II self-antigen presentation
Authors: Baptista Antonio P , Roozendaal Ramon , Reijmers Rogier M , Koning Jasper J , Unger Wendy W , Greuter Mascha , Keuning Eelco D , Molenaar Rosalie , Goverse Gera , Sneeboer Marlous M S , den Haan Joke M M , Boes Marianne , Mebius Reina E
Published: November 2014

Non-hematopoietic lymph node stromal cells shape immunity by inducing MHC-I-dependent deletion of self-reactive CD8+ T cells and MHC-II-dependent anergy of CD4+ T cells. In this study, we show that MHC-II expression on lymph node stromal cells is additionally required for homeostatic maintenance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and maintenance of immune quiescence. In the absence of MHC-II expression in lymph node transplants, i.e. on lymph node stromal cells, CD4+ as well as CD8+ T cells became activated, ultimately resulting in transplant rejection. MHC-II self-antigen presentation by lymph node stromal cells allowed the non-proliferative maintenance of antigen-specific Tregs and constrained antigen-specific immunity. Altogether, our results reveal a novel mechanism by which lymph node stromal cells regulate peripheral immunity.
Is the recent increase in earthquakes random?
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: November 2014

The increase in the global rate of earthquakes since 2010, especially during the first few months of 2014, leads many people to wonder whether there is a physical cause for this increase or if this is simply a random process.
Reading backscatter from near‐shore ocean waves
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: November 2014

Wave dynamics in near‐shore environments play an important role in oceanic processes and shoreline change, but the breaking waves in these regions make it difficult for scientists to collect data and quantify wave behavior. Catalán et al. point out that looking at the radar wave scattering properties of these near‐shore ocean waves can help scientists monitor surf zones at a safe distance from the hazardous waves.
Developing water change spectra and distinguishing change drivers worldwide
Authors: Jaramillo Fernando , Destouni Georgia
Published: November 2014

The separate and combined effects of different drivers of change to water fluxes and resources on land (CWOL) remain difficult to distinguish and largely unknown, particularly at a global scale. Our study analyzes CWOL during the period 1901–2008, based on available hydroclimatic data for up to 859 hydrological basins. We develop a worldwide spectrum of change magnitudes and directions in Budyko space, from which we distinguish climate and landscape drivers of CWOL. We find that landscape drivers (e.g., changes in land and water use, water storage or water phase) are needed to explain CWOL in at least 74% of the basins studied. The water change effects of such landscape drivers are mostly opposite to those of atmospheric climate change. The change spectrum approach we developed provides a useful tool for quantifying and visualizing CWOL and for distinguishing the effects of climate and landscape drivers across regions and scales.
Storm time ionosphere and plasmasphere structuring: SAMI3‐RCM simulation of the 31 March 2001 geomagnetic storm
Authors: Huba J. D. , Sazykin S.
Published: November 2014

We present the first self‐consistent modeling study of the ionosphere‐plasmasphere system response to a geomagnetic storm. We use the coupled SAMI3‐Rice Convention Model (RCM) of the global ionosphere and inner magnetosphere, with self‐consistent electrodynamics, to simulate the 31 March 2001 magnetic storm. We find that the penetration electric fields associated with the magnetic storm lead to a storm time‐enhanced density (SED) in the low‐ to middle‐latitude ionosphere and that the separation in latitude of the Appleton anomaly peaks increases. The SED exhibits magnetic conjugacy, occurring in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Moreover, mapping the boundary of the SED into the equatorial plane coincides with the development of a “plume‐like” structure in the plasmasphere. These preliminary results are consistent with observations.
Changes of Pacific decadal variability in the twentieth century driven by internal variability, greenhouse gases, and aerosols
Authors: Dong Lu , Zhou Tianjun , Chen Xiaolong
Published: November 2014

This paper explores the contributions of internal variability, greenhouse gases (GHGs), and anthropogenic aerosols (AAs) in driving the magnitude and evolution of Pacific Decadal Variability (PDV) during the twentieth century by analyzing 129 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 model realizations. Evidence shows that PDV phase transition is dominated by internal variability, but it is also significantly affected by external forcing agents such as GHGs and aerosols. The combined effects of GHGs and AAs favor the positive phase of PDV with stronger ocean warming in the tropics than the extratropical Pacific. The GHG forcing induces the increased surface downward longwave radiation, especially over the tropical Pacific, and results in stronger warming in that area. The AA forcing results in a stronger cooling in the North Pacific region, due to the reduced surface downward shortwave radiation via cloud‐aerosol interaction: this offsets the substantial warming caused by GHG forcing.
Spring persistence, transition, and resurgence of El Niño
Authors: Lee Sang‐Ki , DiNezio Pedro N. , Chung Eui‐Seok , Yeh Sang‐Wook , Wittenberg Andrew T. , Wang Chunzai
Published: November 2014

We present a systematic exploration of differences in the spatiotemporal sea surface temperature (SST) evolution along the equatorial Pacific among observed El Niño events. This inter‐El Niño variability is captured by two leading orthogonal modes, which explain more than 60% of the interevent variance. The first mode illustrates the extent to which warm SST anomalies (SSTAs) in the eastern tropical Pacific (EP) persist into the boreal spring after the peak of El Niño. Our analysis suggests that a strong El Niño event tends to persist into the boreal spring in the EP, whereas a weak El Niño favors a rapid development of cold SSTAs in the EP shortly after its peak. The second mode captures the transition and resurgence of El Niño in the following year. An early‐onset El Niño tends to favor a transition to La Niña, whereas a late‐onset El Niño tends to persist long enough to produce another El Niño event. The spatiotemporal evolution of several El Niño events during 1949–2013 can be efficiently summarized in terms of these two modes, which are not mutually exclusive, but exhibit distinctive coupled atmosphere‐ocean dynamics.
Global ionospheric and thermospheric response to the 5 April 2010 geomagnetic storm: An integrated data‐model investigation
Authors: Lu G. , Hagan M. E. , Häusler K. , Doornbos E. , Bruinsma S. , Anderson B. J. , Korth H.
Published: November 2014

We present a case study of the 5 April 2010 geomagnetic storm using observations and numerical simulations. The event was driven by a fast‐moving coronal mass ejection and despite being a moderate storm with a minimum Dst near −50 nT, the event exhibited elevated thermospheric density and surges of traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs) more typically seen during major storms. The Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIMEGCM) was used to assess how these features were generated and developed during the storm. The model simulations gave rise to TADs that were highly nonuniform with strong latitude and longitude/local time dependence. The TAD phase speeds ranged from 640 m/s to 780 m/s at 400 km and were ~5% lower at 300 km and approximately 10–15% lower at 200 km. In the lower thermosphere around 100 km, the TAD signatures were nearly unrecognizable due to much stronger influence of upward propagating atmospheric tides. The thermosphere simulation results were compared to observations available from the Gravity Field and Steady‐State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE), CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites. Comparison with GOCE data shows that the TIMEGCM reproduced the cross‐track winds over the polar region very well. The model‐data comparison also revealed some differences, specifically, the simulations underestimated neutral mass density in the upper thermosphere above ~300 km and overestimated the storm recovery tome by 6 h. These discrepancies indicate that some heating or circulation dynamics and potentially cooling processes are not fully represented in the simulations, and also that updates to some parameterization schemes in the TIMEGCM are warranted.
Impact of a spectral sampling technique for radiation onECMWFweather forecasts
Authors: Bozzo Alessio , Pincus Robert , Sandu Irina , Morcrette Jean‐Jacques
Published: November 2014

Radiation transfer computations are one of the most expensive components of atmospheric models integrations. Methods generally applied to reduce their computational cost, include less frequent update of the radiative fluxes or coarser spatial grids than those used for the rest of the model. In the operational configuration of the Integrated Forecast System (IFS) used at the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), radiation accounts for ∼ 10% of the total computer time, and the radiative fluxes are computed with both a reduced temporal and spatial resolution. In this study, we show that these approximations have a negligible impact on the forecast errors when looking at the large‐scale circulation but they lead to biases in the surface temperature. These are linked to inconsistencies in the representation of surface properties or to poorly sampled temporal evolution of the radiative fluxes. Here we explore an alternative method to alleviate such errors, based on a recently developed technique that estimates radiative fluxes from randomly‐chosen subsets of spectral points designed to minimize the surface flux error. This approach introduces substantial uncorrelated noise in the radiative fluxes at the surface and heating rates, but it reduces the cost associated to the spectral integration. Therefore, it allows to update the radiative transfer computations more frequently and to perform them on a denser spatial grid. We evaluate how this approach applies to 5 days weather forecasts by testing different combinations of temporal and spectral sampling at high spatial resolution. We assess the impact of each radiation configuration on the forecast, by comparing the near‐surface temperatures to observations from synoptic stations. The results show that a combination of spectrally sparse but temporally and spatially dense radiation calculations has the potential to reduce the forecast errors, particularly those associated with underresolved topography and stable nocturnal boundary layers, with affordable computational costs.