bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lipid droplet formation induced by icaritin derivative IC2 promotes a combination strategy for cancer therapy
Authors: Wu Guosheng , Ying Liang , Zhang Qian , Xiong He , Wang Jie , Chen Sitao , Yang Chen , Jin Yiyuan , Lai Zengwei , Feng Ninghan , Ge Yunjun
Published: December 2024

Background

Lipid metabolism is crucial in cancer progression. Lipid droplets (LDs) generated in cancer cells can act as protective mechanisms through alleviating lipotoxicity under stress conditions. We previously developed IC2 from the Chinese medicine icaritin as an inhibitor of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1). IC2 has been shown to disrupt lipid metabolism and inhibits cancer cell proliferation. However, the impact of IC2 on intracellular LDs and the potential of targeting LD formation for combination cancer therapy remain unexplored.

Methods

LD formation in cancer cells was analyzed with oil red O or BODIPY staining by microscopy. LD quantification was normalized to the cell number. IC2-induced cellular responses were revealed by transcriptional analysis, real-time PCR, and immunoblotting. Mitochondrial functions were assessed by measuring ATP production and oxygen consumption. The lipid source for LD formation was studied using lipid transporter inhibitors or lipid deprivation. The effect of inhibiting LD formation on IC2's anti-tumor effects was evaluated using MTT assays and apoptosis assays, which was subsequently validated in an in vivo xenografted tumor model.

Results

IC2 exerted anti-tumor effects, resulting in LD formation in various cancer cells. LD formation stimulated by IC2 was independent of extracellular lipid sources and did not result from increased de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis within the cancer cells. Transcriptional analysis indicated that IC2 disturbed mitochondrial functions, which was confirmed by impaired mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reduced capacity for ATP production and oxygen consumption. Moreover, IC2 treatment led to a greater accumulation of lipids in LDs outside the mitochondria compared with the control group. IC2 inhibited the proliferation of PC3 cells and promoted the apoptosis of the cancer cells. These effects were further enhanced after inhibiting the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), a key intracellular enzyme involved in LD formation. In PC3-xenografted mice, the DGAT1 inhibitor augmented the IC2-induced reduction in tumor growth by modulating LD formation.

Conclusion

LD formation is a feedback response to IC2’s anti-tumor effects, which compromises the anti-tumor actions. IC2’s anti-tumor efficacy can be enhanced by combining it with inhibitors targeting LD formation. This strategy may be extended to other anti-tumor agents that regulate lipid metabolism.
Sensitive liquid biopsy monitoring correlates with outcome in the prospective international GPOH-DCOG high-risk neuroblastoma RT-qPCR validation study
Authors: van Zogchel Lieke M. J. , Decarolis Boris , van Wezel Esther M. , Zappeij‐Kannegieter Lily , Gelineau Nina U. , Schumacher‐Kuckelkorn Roswitha , Simon Thorsten , Berthold Frank , van Noesel Max M. , Fiocco Marta , van der Schoot C. Ellen , Hero Barbara , Stutterheim Janine , Tytgat Godelieve A. M.
Published: December 2024

Background

Liquid biopsies offer less burdensome sensitive disease monitoring. Bone marrow (BM) metastases, common in various cancers including neuroblastoma, is associated with poor outcomes. In pediatric high-risk neuroblastoma most patients initially respond to treatment, but in the majority the disease recurs with only 40% long-term survivors, stressing the need for more sensitive detection of disseminated disease during therapy.

Methods

To validate sensitive neuroblastoma mRNA RT-qPCR BM testing, we prospectively assessed serial BM samples from 345 international high‐risk neuroblastoma patients, treated in trials NB2004 (GPOH) or NBL2009 (DCOG), using PHOX2B, TH, DDC, CHRNA3, and GAP43 RT-qPCR mRNA markers and BM GD2-immunocytology. Association between BM-infiltration levels and event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) was estimated by using Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier’s methodology.

Results

BM infiltration >10% by RT-qPCR at diagnosis was prognostic for survival (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.82 [95%CI 1.25‐2.63] and 2.04 [1.33‐3.14] for EFS and OS, respectively). Any post-induction RT-qPCR positivity correlated with poor EFS and OS, with a HR of 2.10 [1.27-3.49] and 1.76 [1.01-3.08] and 5-years EFS of 26.6% [standard error 5.2%] versus 60.4% [6.7] and OS of 43.8% [5.9] versus 65.7% [6.6] for RT-qPCR-positive patients versus RT-qPCR-negative patients. In contrast, post-induction immunocytology positivity was not associated with EFS or OS (HR 1.22 [0.68-2.19] and 1.26 [0.54-2.42]).

Conclusion

This study validates the association of not clearing of BM metastases by sensitive RT-qPCR detection with very poor outcome. We therefore propose implementation of RT-qPCR for minimal residual disease testing in neuroblastoma to guide therapy.
The use and impact of prehospital blood lactate measurements in acute non-traumatic patients: a systematic review
Authors: Walther Louise Houlberg , Mieritz Hanne Beck , Lassen Annmarie Touborg , Christensen Erika Frischknecht , Mogensen Christian Backer , Mikkelsen Søren , Brøchner Anne Craveiro
Published: December 2024

Background

The prehospital use of blood lactate measurements is increasing. However, the test’s benefits have not been methodically evaluated in non-trauma patients. This study had three aims: (1) To assess the evidence of prehospital blood lactate measurements’ prognostic value in non-trauma patients, (2) to investigate to what extent the test changed early patient treatment, and (3) to evaluate the healthcare personnel’s attitude towards the test.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched until Aug 26, 2023. Cohort and randomized controlled trials assessing ≥ 20 acute non-trauma patients with prehospital lactate measurements were included if they reported (1) prognostic outcomes such as short-term mortality or (2) changes in early patient treatments. All study designs were included to assess (3) the healthcare personnel’s opinion on prehospital lactate measurements. The risks of bias were assessed using the QUIPS tool, the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and the RoB-2. Study registration number CRD42020167169 (PROSPERO).

Results

We screened 6028 study reports. We included 15 studies on (1) the prognostic value of prehospital lactate measurements. Elevated blood lactate levels were correlated to a higher short-term mortality risk in most of the studies but not in studies with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. The 15 prognostic studies were all cohort studies with moderate or high risks of bias. Four studies investigated (2) early treatment changes. They found that the prehospital lactate measurement may have changed early treatment in sepsis patients. However, all four studies on treatment changes were at high risk of bias. Four studies were included on (3) the healthcare personnel’s attitude towards the lactate measurement. Evidence of the healthcare personnel’s opinion on prehospital lactate measurements was scarce.

Conclusion

Most acute non-trauma patients with elevated prehospital lactate levels had increased risks of short-term mortality, except OHCA patients. Few studies suggested that measuring prehospital lactate levels could change early patient care, particularly in patients with suspected sepsis. The certainty of the evidence is low in this systematic review. The included studies were heterogeneous, and many had high risks of bias. Further studies are needed to investigate the impact of prehospital lactate measurements on patient care.
Agreement between self-reported and objectively measured hypertension diagnosis and control: evidence from a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling middle‐aged and older adults in China
Authors: Wu Jingxian , Chen Danlei , Li Cong , Wang Yingwen
Published: December 2024

Background

As the population ages, hypertension has become the leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and premature deaths worldwide. Accurate monitoring of CVD risks and planning community-based public health interventions require reliable estimates of hypertension prevalence and management. While the validity of self-reporting in assessing hypertension prevalence has been debated, the concordance between self-reports and clinical measurements of hypertension control remains underexplored, particularly in large, community-based older populations. This study aims to examine the agreement between self-reported and objectively measured data on both hypertension diagnosis and control, as well as the associated factors, among community-dwelling middle-aged and older Chinese adults.

Methods

Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were utilized, with household survey responses combined with biomedical data. Sensitivity, specificity, and kappa coefficients were used to assess the agreement between self-reported and objectively measured hypertension diagnosis in the general sample, and the agreement on hypertension control among individuals who reported having hypertension. Binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify individual, household, and community-level factors associated with the agreement.

Results

Self-reports exhibited substantial sensitivity, excellent specificity, and moderate agreement with objective measurements for hypertension diagnosis, while demonstrating fair sensitivity, excellent specificity, but low agreement for hypertension control. The odds of agreement on hypertension diagnosis were negatively associated with older age and heavy drinking, but positively related to marital status, higher education, chronic kidney disease, recent healthcare service utilization, and higher household economic levels. Meanwhile, the likelihood of agreement on hypertension control was negatively associated with older age, comorbid diabetes or cardiovascular disease, heavy drinking, BMI over 25, and antihypertensive medication adherence, but positively associated with recently healthcare service utilization.

Conclusions

Self-reporting underestimated hypertension prevalence but significantly overestimated the hypertension control rates. For middle-aged and older Chinese adults, individual-level factors including age, multimorbidity, behavioural risks, and healthcare-seeking behaviours were identified as significant predictors of agreement between self-reported and objectively measured hypertension data. Recognizing these factors is essential for improving the accuracy of chronic condition estimates and facilitating targeted chronic disease management programs for China’s aging population and other developing countries with similar demographic and health challenges.
Associations of the Korean patient placement criteria matching among individuals with alcohol-related problems with treatment completion and abstinence: an observational study
Authors: Hong Jiyoung , Shin Seon-Hi , Kim Ji Eun , Lee Sang Kyu , Oh Hong Seok , Na Euihyeon , Cho Hyun Ji , Roh Sungwon
Published: December 2024

Background

The American Society of Addiction Medicine Patient Placement Criteria (ASAM PPC) are guidelines for matching addiction patients to an optimal level of care (LOC). South Korea lacked a systematic approach to assigning alcohol use disorder patients to suitable treatment. To address this, Park et al. translated the ASAM PPC into Korean, creating the Korean Patient Placement Criteria (KPPC). We aim to assess the efficacy of the KPPC by evaluating whether receiving KPPC-matched treatment would result in longer periods of alcohol abstinence and higher number of treatment program completion.

Methods

This is an observational, multi-site study of 225 individuals with hazardous alcohol use or alcohol dependence, defined by Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test score of 10 or more for men, and 6 or more for women. We evaluated patients using KPPC at baseline and one-month follow-up visits and recommended a LOC at every visit. Patients freely chose to receive KPPC-matched treatment or not. We examined the duration of alcohol abstinence and number of one-month treatment program completion within a three-month period.

Results

Of the 225 participants, 47 never pursued their matched level of care treatment, 54 pursued it once, and 124 pursued it twice. Individuals who received KPPC-matched treatment once had significantly higher odds of achieving alcohol abstinence (OR = 2.23), with greater odds when they received KPPC-matched treatments twice (OR = 2.88). The association was also significant for treatment completion, with greater odds of completing treatment program for one KPPC-matched treatment (OR = 3.28) and two KPPC-matched treatments (OR = 3.19).

Conclusions

Individuals who followed the KPPC matched level of care had longer periods of alcohol abstinence and better treatment completion. Our results should encourage community addiction management centers and hospitals to adopt KPPC for classifying treatment settings for alcohol use disorder patients. Further research is warranted to maximize the potential benefits of KPPC.
The genetics and genomics of milk thistle: unlocking its therapeutic potential through modern breeding and biotechnological innovations
Authors: Tolangi Priskila , Shim Jeehyoung , Sumabat Raña Mae , Kim Sunghan , Park Hyun-Seung , Do Kim Kyung , Kim Hyun Uk , Lee Sanghyun , Chin Joong Hyoun
Published: December 2024

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a Mediterranean herb renowned for its liver-protective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxifying properties, primarily attributed to the bioactive compound silymarin. Recent studies have also highlighted its potential efficacy against COVID-19, contributing to the growing demand for milk thistle dietary supplements, particularly for liver health and immunity support. Milk thistle seeds, rich in silymarin and unsaturated fatty acids, hold significant industrial value as both medicinal and oilseed crops. To meet the growing demand, it is essential to develop standardized seeds, cultivation practices, and extraction methods aimed at maximizing yields of silymarin and other valuable metabolites. Recent advancements in genetic and genomic research, including the development of the first reference genome of S. marianum, have played a pivotal role in elucidating the biosynthesis pathways of silymarin and optimizing phytochemical production. This review highlights recent advancements in the genetics, genomics, and biochemistry of milk thistle, with particular emphasis on the importance of diverse genetic resources and AI-driven phenomics strategies, such as hyperspectral and RGB imaging, for high-yield and chemotype breeding. Further, feasibility of developing elite cultivars through molecular approaches, such as genome editing and metabolic engineering, is also discussed as the new traits obtained this way would be key to enhancing the commercial value of milk thistle in light of mass production of phytochemicals to meet rising market demands.
Rapid human movement and dengue transmission in Bangladesh: a spatial and temporal analysis based on different policy measures of COVID-19 pandemic and Eid festival
Authors: Islam Jahirul , Hu Wenbiao
Published: December 2024

Background

Rapid human movement plays a crucial role in the spatial dissemination of the dengue virus. Nevertheless, robust quantification of this relationship using both spatial and temporal models remains necessary. This study aims to explore the spatial and temporal patterns of dengue transmission under various human movement contexts.

Methods

We obtained district-wise aggregated dengue incidence data from the Management Information System, Directorate General of Health Services of Bangladesh. The stringency index (SI), along with eight individual policy measures (from the Oxford Coronavirus Government Response Tracker database) and six mobility indices (as measured by Google's Community Mobility Reports) were obtained as human movement indicators. A multi-step correlative modelling approach, including various spatial and temporal models, was utilized to explore the associations of dengue incidence with the SI, fourteen human movement indices and the Eid festival.

Results

The global Moran’s I indicated significant spatial autocorrelation in dengue incidence during the pre-pandemic (Moran’s I: 0.14, P < 0.05) and post-pandemic periods (Moran’s I: 0.42, P < 0.01), while the pandemic period (2020–2022) showed weaker, non-significant spatial clustering (Moran’s I: 0.07, P > 0.05). Following the pandemic, we identified the emergence of new dengue hotspots. We found a strong negative relationship between monthly dengue incidence and the SI (rspearman: − 0.62, P < 0.01). Through the selection of an optimal Seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model, we observed that the closure of public transport (β = − 1.66, P < 0.10) and restrictions on internal movement (β = − 2.13, P < 0.10) were associated with the reduction of dengue incidence. Additionally, observed cases were substantially lower than predicted cases during the period from 2020 to 2022. By utilising additional time-series models, we were able to identify in 2023 a rise in dengue incidence associated with the Eid festival intervention, even after adjusting for important climate variables.

Conclusions

Overall, rapid human movement was found to be associated with increased dengue transmission in Bangladesh. Consequently, the implemention of effective mosquito control interventions prior to large festival periods is necessary for preventing the spread of the disease nationwide. We emphasize the necessity for developing advanced surveillance and monitoring networks to track real-time human movement patterns and dengue incidence.

Graphical Abstract
Open Protocols, the new standard for acoustic tracking: results from interoperability and performance tests in European waters
Authors: Aspillaga Eneko , Bruneel Stijn , Alós Josep , Verhelst Pieterjan , Abecasis David , Aarestrup Kim , Birnie-Gauvin Kim , Afonso Pedro , Palmer Miquel , Reubens Jan
Published: December 2024

Background

The lack of compatibility between acoustic telemetry equipment from different manufacturers has been a major obstacle to consolidating large collaborative tracking networks. Undisclosed encrypted signal coding protocols limit the use of acoustic telemetry to study animal movements over large spatial scales, reduce competition between manufacturers, and stifle innovation. The European Tracking Network, in collaboration with several acoustic telemetry manufacturers, has worked to develop new transparent protocols for acoustic tracking. The results are energy-efficient transmission protocols accessible to all researchers and manufacturers. Today, the Open Protocols (OP) are already available to manufacturers and developers, and the first transmitters and receivers to implement them are already in the water.

Results

The main objective of this study was to confirm the compatibility between devices from different manufacturers using OP, characterise the acoustic range of each transmitter–receiver manufacturer combination, compare the detection efficiency to the standard protocols used at present (R64K and encrypted protocols), and assess its robustness against spurious detections. An international collaborative effort was made to conduct acoustic range tests in four main aquatic habitats: a river, a coastal lagoon, a coastal habitat, and the open sea. Receivers and transmitters from different manufacturers were deployed at increasing distances from each other using the same experimental design at each location. The decay of detection probability with distance was modelled for each transmitter–receiver manufacturer combination by applying logistic regression using a Bayesian approach. Furthermore, to thoroughly assess performance differences in an applied research context, we conducted a direct field comparison between groups of smolts tagged with OP and R64K tags, tracking their migration to the sea.

Conclusions

Our results confirm full compatibility between the tested devices, with negligible differences in the measured acoustic ranges between OP manufacturers and when compared to encrypted protocols. The OP was also robust against spurious detections, and the field comparison between OP and R64K showed equal performance. We hope these novel insights will encourage international research groups to promote OP-based studies to ensure compatibility and maximise the benefits of acoustic telemetry networks.
Survey of psychological resilience among university students majoring in long-term-care–related disciplines in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Chia-Chen , Tung Chen-Yin , Fan Su-Hao , Huang Wei-Hsiang
Published: December 2024

Background

The psychological resilience of university students majoring in long-term-care (LTC)–related disciplines is crucial for workforce retention and effective care provision in this field. This study aims to investigate the differences in levels of psychological resilience among these students in Taiwan.

Methods

This cross-sectional study involved 258 participants selected via stratified random sampling from 23 universities across Taiwan from November 2021 to November 2022, representing a diverse educational context. The research instrument used was the Resilience Scale for Adults, a validated psychological resilience questionnaire. The independent variables included participants’ demographic data, while the dependent variables encompassed five dimensions of resilience: personal strength, family cohesion, social resources, social skills, future organizational style, and total resilience score. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-tests, analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis.

Results

Participants with LTC work experience and leadership roles in campus clubs demonstrated significantly higher scores in personal strength (LTC: t = 2.04, p = 0.04, d = 0.29; leadership: t = 2.89, p = 0.01, d = 0.45), social resources (leadership: t = 2.47, p = 0.01, d = 0.34), social skills (leadership: t = 4.51, p = 0.01, d = 0.62), and future organizational style (LTC: t = 2.72, p = 0.01, d = 0.39). Higher academic performance was linked to greater personal strength, social resources, future organizational style, and total resilience (F = 4.69–3.12, p < 0.05). Regression analysis confirmed the predictive value of leadership experience and LTC work on various resilience dimensions. These results underscore the importance of practical exposure and extracurricular engagement in fostering resilience.

Conclusion

Students engaged in club activities, leadership roles, and LTC work displayed higher psychological resilience. Educational institutions should foster club participation, leadership experiences, and partnerships with workplaces to enhance student resilience and professional readiness.
A robust evaluation of TDP-43, poly GP, cellular pathology and behavior in an AAV-C9ORF72 (G4C2)66 mouse model
Authors: Thompson Emily G. , Spead Olivia , Akerman Suleyman C. , Curcio Carrie , Zaepfel Benjamin L. , Kent Erica R. , Philips Thomas , Vijayakumar Balaji G. , Zacco Anna , Zhou Weibo , Nagappan Guhan , Rothstein Jeffrey D.
Published: December 2024

The G4C2 hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 is the major genetic cause of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (C9-ALS/FTD). Despite considerable efforts, the development of mouse models of C9-ALS/FTD useful for therapeutic development has proven challenging due to the intricate interplay of genetic and molecular factors underlying this neurodegenerative disorder, in addition to species differences. This study presents a robust investigation of the cellular pathophysiology and behavioral outcomes in a previously described AAV mouse model of C9-ALS expressing 66 G4C2 hexanucleotide repeats. The model displays key molecular ALS pathological markers including RNA foci, dipeptide repeat (DPR) protein aggregation, p62 positive stress granule formation as well as mild gliosis. However, the AAV-(G4C2)66 mouse model in this study has marginal neurodegeneration with negligible neuronal loss, or clinical deficits. Human C9orf72 is typically associated with altered TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) function, yet studies of this rodent model revealed no significant evidence of TDP-43 dysfunction. While our findings indicate and support that this is a highly valuable robust and pharmacologically tractable model for investigating the molecular mechanisms and cellular consequences of (G4C2) repeat driven DPR pathology, it is not suitable for investigating the development of disease- associated TDP-43 dysfunction or clinical impairment. Our findings underscore the complexity of ALS pathogenesis involving genetic mutations and protein dysregulation and highlight the need for more comprehensive model systems that reliably replicate the multifaceted cellular and behavioral aspects of C9-ALS.
It is not just your opinion. Gender equity endorsement of Latin American students and their peers at school
Authors: López-Hornickel Natalia , Carrasco Diego , Lay Siugmin , Treviño Ernesto
Published: December 2024

Promoting adhesion to attitudes toward gender equity is critical to achieving more equal societies, yet endorsement of gender equality among Latin American adolescents remains lower than global averages. This study investigates the role of school environments, civic knowledge, and authoritarianism in shaping gender equity attitudes among 8th-grade students in Chile, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Mexico and Peru, using data from the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) 2016. Fitting different regression models, we explore the relationships between individual socioeconomic status, classroom practices, and school-wide ideological climates on gender equity endorsement. Findings highlight the pivotal influence of civic knowledge and open classroom discussions as protective factors against authoritarian beliefs, which are negatively associated with gender equity support at both individual and contextual levels. Moreover, peer-group ideological climates significantly shape student attitudes, demonstrating the importance of school environments in fostering or hindering egalitarian beliefs. We discussed the role of school practices in the promotion of gender equity. These findings contribute to the global goal of citizenship education and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), particularly Goal 5, emphasising the role of schools in promoting democratic and gender-equitable values.
Pre- and coseismic electromagnetic signals of the Nepal earthquake of 03 november 2023
Authors: Manglik Ajay , Suresh M. , Demudu Babu M. , Pavankumar G.
Published: December 2024

Electromagnetic (EM) signals from a seismogenic zone a few weeks to a few days before an earthquake are considered as a promising attribute in earthquake precursory studies. EM perturbations, termed as the coseismic electromagnetic perturbations, also occur within the source zone at the onset of an earthquake and at recording sites during the passage of seismic waves. In the present study, we have analyzed the coseismic electromagnetic perturbations of the M 6.4 Nepal earthquake of 2023-11-03 and its main aftershock (M 5.6) of 2023-11-06, recorded at eight long-period magnetotelluric (LMT) sites installed in profile mode in the Ganga Basin about 150 to 250 km south-west of the earthquake epicenter. The time series were detrended, bandpass filtered, and rotated in the radial and transverse directions using back-azimuth. These time series mimic seismograms and show EM inductions corresponding to the arrival of the P, S and surface waves. Amplification of the surface wave at sites in the middle sector of the profile covering the Sharda depression having thick sedimentary succession and decrease in the amplitude at the southernmost site at the edge of the depression highlight the role of geological heterogeneities in controlling the EM induction. The presence of two very low amplitude consistent peaks at most sites, spread over a profile length of about 120 km, preceding the earthquake by 70 s and 43 s, respectively, is enigmatic. These signals arrive at most sites almost simultaneously and have peak-to-peak amplitude in the range of -0.07 to + 0.11 µV/m and −0.04 to + 0.07 µV/m, respectively, at fourth site. This is probably the first reporting of such preseismic electromagnetic signals in EM time series. We infer that these signals are possibly linked to the fast propagating EM waves generated during the final stage of the earthquake source zone preparation just before the initiation of the rupture. These signals need to be explored in the future for understanding of the causative physical processes. The results also reveal on average about 5 times reduction in the amplitude of the surface wave-induced electric fields with the drop in the earthquake magnitude from 6.4 to 5.6.

Graphical Abstract
Reconstruction of high-resolution paleomagnetic variations in the middle Gauss chronozone, including the upper and lower boundaries of the Mammoth reversed subchronozone
Authors: Tanimoto Akihiro , Okada Makoto , Hayashi Ryota
Published: December 2024

In this study, we provide paleomagnetic records, including the upper and lower boundaries of the Mammoth reversed subchronozone, reconstructed from a continuous outcrop of the upper marine Pliocene in the southernmost part of the Boso Peninsula, which is more than 200 m thick. In this interval, the Mammoth reversed subchronozone was recognized in an interval of approximately 50 m thickness, including a polarity transition zone at its lower boundary of approximately 10 m thickness. Simultaneously, the upper boundary showed no polarity transition zone and a rapid polarity reversal, suggesting a probable lack of strata. Several significant variations were recognized in the paleomagnetic directions in the middle Gauss chronozone, some of which may qualify as new geomagnetic excursions. The relative paleointensities (RPIs) obtained in this study are consistent in their character of change with those reported from deep-sea cores in the distant Caribbean Sea and the equatorial Pacific, indicating the potential of stratigraphic correlation using RPI. The RPI around the lower Mammoth boundary was significantly attenuated compared to the average of the entire section. On the other hand, the virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) path of the lower Mammoth boundary shows a rapid shift from the southern hemisphere to the northern hemisphere during transition. This movement passes through regions affected by non-axial dipole fields. Following this, the RPI shows a recovery trend, and the VGP stabilizes in the southern hemisphere, forming clusters that align with records from Italy and Hawaii. This sequence offers significant insights into changes in the axial dipole field during geomagnetic polarity reversals.

Graphical Abstract
A high-resolution in situ X-ray diffraction study of mineral transitions due to post-hydration heating in CM chondrite meteorites
Authors: Jenkins Laura E. , King Ashley J. , Lee Martin R. , Daly Luke , Thompson Stephen P. , Day Sarah J. , Saunders Lucy , Martin Pierre-Etienne , Bintang Fahkri
Published: December 2024

The effects of post-hydration heating over a broad range of temperatures are evident in many Mighei-like carbonaceous (CM) chondrites as a variety of mineral transitions. To better understand these processes and how a CM chondrite’s starting composition may have affected them, we experimentally heated two meteorites with different degrees of aqueous alteration, Allan Hills 83100 and Murchison, at 25 °C temperature steps from 200 °C to 950 °C and 300 °C to 750 °C, respectively. During heating, synchrotron in situ X-ray diffraction patterns were collected. With the exception of calcite decomposition and its products, most mineral transitions were unaffected by starting composition. Key observations include: (1) partial decomposition of tochilinite at 200 °C, which indicates that tochilinite breakdown might be a two-stage process due to its intergrown layers of brucite/amakinite and mackinawite; (2) the breakdown of serpentine occurring at 300 °C with transitional phases appearing at 525 °C and 575–600 °C, while secondary olivine formed at 600 °C; (3) cronstedtite decomposing faster than lizardite, (4) the formation of secondary enstatite at 750 °C, and (5) calcite decomposition temperature differing significantly between meteorites, occurring at 725 °C and 575 °C in ALH 83100 and Murchison, respectively. The results for calcite are likely controlled by differences in its microstructure and chemical composition, related to the meteorite’s impact history and degree of aqueous alteration. The difference in calcite decomposition temperature also explains the contrasts in the observed breakdown products, with clinopyroxene occurring in both meteorites, and oldhamite only in ALH 83100. Mineral transitions due to post-hydration heating have been characterized with a high resolution XRD method, enabling a better understanding of processes occurring on the parent asteroids of CM chondrites.

Graphical Abstract
Mechanical performance and durability attributes of biodegradable natural fibre-reinforced composites—a review
Authors: Ramful Raviduth
Published: December 2024

With the rising awareness about the impact of excessive urbanization on the environment, alternative and more eco-friendly materials such as natural fibre-reinforced composites (NFRCs), which have lower embodied energy, can be considered in modern application ranging from construction housing to urban infrastructures in order to promote the concept of sustainable development. One of the current challenges faced by material engineers is to develop NFRCs with optimized durability performance which correspond to high mechanical attributes during their service lifetime while possessing satisfactory degradability trait in the disposal phase. This proposed review study principally covered the state-of-the-art progress made in the development of sustainable composite material such as advanced and biodegradable NFRC. In the first section, the review covered key aspects of NFRC fabrication including fibres and matrix selection, property-enhancing treatment for fibres and influence of nanostructures in biodegradable composites. In the second phase of this review, the fibre-matrix interaction and their corresponding physical and mechanical performance were discussed. The typical failure modes observed in NFRCs were outlined and means to improve their facture toughness were proposed. Finally, the third section comprised the durability and degradation assessment of key components of the biodegradable NFRCs, namely the fibre reinforcement, matrix and interface sections. Additionally, the impact of disposing of similar composite materials in the environment was assessed, and present-day recycling techniques were discussed. Further research on the mechanical performance, durability traits and degradability aspects of NFRCs as enumerated in this study will unquestionably promote their use and integration into a wider range of engineering applications in our modern society.
Nonadjustable state of programmable shunt valve: obstruction of middle cranial fossa arachnoid cyst-peritoneal shunt
Authors: Cao Hongbin , Guo Genrui , Wu Wenjing , Cheng Zhenghai
Published: December 2024

Background

A nonadjustable state of the programmable shunt valve is a rare phenomenon. This case report aims to explore the cause of pressure adjustment dysfunction in a programmable shunt valve in a middle cranial fossa arachnoid cyst-peritoneal shunt patient and to underscore this dysfunction as an indicator of shunt valve obstruction.

Case presentation

A child with a ruptured giant arachnoid cyst in the left middle cranial fossa presented with acute intracranial hypertension following head trauma. The initial cysto-peritoneal shunt surgery rapidly alleviated symptoms, including headaches, vomiting, and left cranial nerve palsy, stabilizing the clinical condition. However, between 20 and 24 months after the initial shunt surgery, the patient developed intermittent shunt dysfunction, experiencing recurrent headaches and vomiting, during which the programmable valve’s pressure setting had become fixed and was no longer adjustable. A second surgery was then performed to remove the existing shunt, excise the fibrotic cyst wall, fenestrate the basal cistern, and establish temporary subdural drainage. During this operation, extensive fibrosis of the cyst wall in the subdural space was discovered, forming a tough and hypertrophic fibrotic membrane that encased the cerebral hemispheres. This fibrotic material nearly filled the shunt valve chamber, causing valve obstruction and immobilizing the pressure control rod, resulting in pressure adjustment dysfunction. As the patient could not maintain stability without continuous drainage, a third surgery was ultimately necessary to place a subdural-peritoneal shunt. Five years of follow-up revealed no significant clinical symptoms, and the patient has maintained a normal life.

Conclusion

Shunt valve obstruction is an underestimated cause of shunt system failure, with no current definitive method for early diagnosis. Fibrotic deposition is a primary mechanism underlying shunt valve obstruction. Pressure adjustment dysfunction in a programmable shunt valve serves as a reliable indicator of shunt valve obstruction. Further research should prioritize the treatment and prevention of shunt valve obstructions to improve outcomes in neurosurgical practice.
Ventilatory functions in response to bicycle ergometry training in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Wagdy Eman , Mohamed Marwa Taher , Ahmed Angham Mohamed Adel , Fayez Marian Mamdouh
Published: December 2024

Background

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the popular kind of muscular dystrophy in childhood characterized by gradual motor decline and respiratory failure which ultimately results in death.

Purpose

This research sought to determine the impact of bicycle ergometer on ventilatory functions and motor ability in boys with DMD.

Design

Single-blind, randomized controlled experiment.

Methods

Thirty boys with DMD were randomly split into two similar groups. A selected physical therapy regimen was implemented for the control and ergometer groups, while a bicycle ergometer was implemented only for the ergometer group. All boys were assessed for respiratory functions covering forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) using spirometry, and motor ability using the North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA). The rehabilitation session was conducted three times a week for 12 successive weeks.

Results

Post-rehabilitation findings in the two groups detected a notable rise in every evaluated variable. However, the ergometer group revealed a notable rise in all assessed variables in relation to that of the control group.

Conclusion

Bicycle ergometer as an aerobic exercise could promote ventilatory functions and motor ability in boys with DMD.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov (No. NCT05849688).
Effect of improving food security on parenting practices and caregiver–adolescent relationships: qualitative findings of an income-generating agricultural intervention in rural Kenya
Authors: Onono Maricianah A. , Sheira Lila , Frongilio Edward A. , Odhiambo Gladys , Wekesa Pauline , Conroy Amy , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Cohen Craig R. , Weiser Sheri D.
Published: December 2024

Background

Despite the recognised links between food insecurity and parenting, few studies have evaluated the perceived impacts of livelihood or food security interventions on parental practices, intra-household functioning, adolescent behaviour and psychosocial outcomes in HIV-affected households in sub-Saharan Africa.

Aims

The study aimed to understand the perceived effects of food security on parenting practices and how this was experienced by both adolescent girls (aged 13–19 years) and their caregivers in rural Kenya.

Method

We conducted semi-structured, individual interviews with 62 caregiver–adolescent dyads who were participants in the adolescent Shamba Maisha (NCT03741634), a sub-study of adolescent girls and caregivers with a household member participating in the Shamba Maisha agricultural and finance intervention trial (NCT01548599). Data were analysed following the principles of thematic analysis.

Results

Compared to control households, the Shamba Maisha intervention households had improved food security and strengthened economic security, which, in turn, improved parenting practices. Intervention households described changes in parenting experiences, including decreased parental stress, reduced absenteeism and harsh parenting and improved caregiver– adolescent relationships. These positive caregiving practices, in turn, contributed to improved mental health and fewer behavioural problems among adolescent girls. Changes in the control households were less noticeable.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate how an income-generating agricultural intervention may improve food security and positively affect parenting practices, intra-household dynamics and adolescent psychosocial well-being and behaviour. Further research is needed to explore how to harness the social benefits of agricultural interventions to best address the critical intersections among food insecurity, parenting practices and adolescent mental health.
Adrenal Venous Sampling Using Metanephrine in Primary Aldosteronism With or Without Cortisol Cosecretion
Authors: Kawahara Eduardo Z , Okubo Jessica , Cavalcante Aline C B S , Pilan Bruna , Frudit Paula , Pereira Caio A A , Basmage Larissa , Viel Jacqueline M , Maciel Ana Alice W , Freitas Thais C , Fagundes Gustavo F C , Goldbaum Tatiana S , Brito Luciana P , Gomes Nathalia L , Pereira Maria Adelaide A , Coelho Fernando M A , Ledesma Felipe L , Chambo Jose L , Bortolotto Luiz A , Pio-Abreu Andrea , Silva Giovanio V , Drager Luciano F , Fragoso Maria Candida B V , Nahas William C , Carnevale Francisco C , Latronico Ana Claudia , Mendonca Berenice B , Almeida Madson Q
Published: December 2024

Context

The role of plasma metanephrine in adrenal venous sampling (AVS) for assessing lateralization in primary aldosteronism (PA) requires further clarification.

Objective

To evaluate the performance of plasma metanephrine in AVS for determining aldosterone lateralization in PA, with or without mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS).

Methods

Sequential AVS under cosyntropin stimulation was conducted in 58 consecutive patients with PA and indication for AVS. The selectivity index (SI) was assessed using plasma metanephrine (SIMN) and cortisol (SIC). The lateralization index (LI) for aldosterone was calculated using metanephrine (LIA/MN) and cortisol (LIA/C).

Results

Right SIMN was significantly higher than left SIMN (127.91 nmol/L [78.12, 239.12] vs 46.16 nmol/L [26, 73.87]; P < .001). SIMN and SIC were strongly correlated in both the right adrenal vein (r = 0.518, P < .001) and the left adrenal vein (r = 0.435, P < .001). A SIMN > 6.45 demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 100%, outperforming the cut-off of 12 for identifying successful catheterization. Six cases with SIMN > 12 and SIC between 3 and 5 indicated that a SIC > 3 is sufficient for 4-confirming successful cannulation. LIA/MN and LIA/C were significantly correlated (r = 0.752, P < .001), with PA lateralization concordant in 93.1% of cases. Two discordant cases (unilateral PA by cortisol, bilateral by metanephrine) exhibited nonclassical histology, which is associated with a higher risk of PA recurrence. MACS was identified in 15 out of 58 patients (25.86%) and generally did not influence AVS lateralization, except when aldosterone and cortisol were secreted by different adrenal lesions.

Conclusion

Metanephrine was superior to cortisol after cosyntropin for assessing selectivity and equivalent to cortisol for lateralization. Moreover, MACS did not impact lateralization in AVS under cosyntropin in most cases.
The Relationship of Fatty Liver with Body Composition Indices in Individuals with Metabolic Disorders - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hacıağaoğlu Nazlı , Öner Can , Çetin Hüseyin , Şimşek Engin Ersin
Published: December 2024

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to screen fatty liver in individuals with metabolic disorders, and to investigate the use of some anthropometric calculations and body composition indices in demonstrating fatty liver disease.
Methods: The cross-sectional study included 224 participants with metabolic diseases. Anthropometric measurements of the participants were measured. Waist/Height ratio, Rohrer Index, Broca-Katsura Index, Relative Fat Mass (RFM), Body Roundness Index (BRI), A Body Shape Index (ABSI) were calculated. The presence of qualitative steatosis was evaluated abdominal ultrasonography. As a result of all analyzes, p <0.05 was accepted as significant.
Results: The mean age of the 224 participants included in the study was 55.1±10.6 (min=23, max=83) years. 84 (37.5%) of the participants were female and 140 (62.5%) were male. Steatosis was detected on ultrasonography in 142 (63.4%) of the participants. Waist/Height ratio, Rohrer index, Broca-Katsura index, RFM, BRI, BMI and waist circumference were found to be significantly higher in participants with steatosis (p<0.05). According to the ROC analysis, BRI cut-off value of 4.6 were found to be significant in detecting steatosis.
Conclusions: As a result of our study, we found that various body composition indices, especially BRI, were associated with fatty liver. Especially in female, it was seen that screening of fatty liver with cut-off values of body composition indices, and confirmation by ultrasonography, if necessary, may enable early diagnosis. In male, it was seen that body composition indices and fatty liver could not be determined directly, only BMI and waist circumference were indicative.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.1.9261
How to cite this: Hacıagaoglu N, Oner C, Cetin H, Simsek EE. The Relationship of Fatty Liver with Body Composition Indices in Individuals with Metabolic Disorders - A Cross-Sectional Study. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(1):214-218. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.1.9261
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Los imponderables literarios: el caso de José María Requena.
Authors: Acosta Romero Ángel
Published: December 2024

La obra literaria de José María Requena (1925-1998) no ha tenido, ni
siquiera entre sus paisanos, el reconocimiento que merece, ni antes ni después de El
cuajarón, su primera novela, ganadora del Premio Nadal en 1971, circunstancia esta que
hizo inscribir su nombre en el famoso y polémico movimiento de los «narraluces». En este
trabajo, se intentan esbozar algunas de las razones de todo tipo (biográficas, literarias,
sociológicas) que ayuden a comprender el porqué de esa falta de reconocimiento, al tiempo
que se resume la trayectoria vital y literaria del escritor de Carmona y se analizan las
principales dimensiones de su obra