bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multivalent Pan-Ebolavirus Nanoparticle Vaccine Provides Protection in Rodents from Lethal Infection by Adapted Zaire and Sudan Viruses
Authors: Brunette Natalie , Weidle Connor , Wrenn Samuel P , Fiala Brooke , Ravichandran Rashmi , Carr Kenneth D , Zak Samantha E , Zumbrun Elizabeth E , Bakken Russell R , Murphy Michael , Chan Sidney , Skotheim Rebecca , Borst Andrew J , Carter Lauren , Correnti Colin E , Dye John M , Baker David , King Neil P , Stewart Lance J
Published: February 2025

BothZaire ebolavirus(EBOV) andSudan ebolavirus(SUDV) are members of the familyFiloviridae, first discovered in 1976 during outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in northern Zaire and southern Sudan. Ebola virus disease outbreaks are major public health events because of their potential for human-to-human transmission with high case fatality rates. Filoviral surface glycoproteins (GPs) are known to be the primary targets of neutralizing antibodies for protection from disease, and are the relevant immunogens in the two approved EBOV vaccines. Here we describe the design, electron microscopy-based structural characterization, and efficacy testing of a series of icosahedral I53-50 nanoparticles displaying prefusion trimeric EBOV and SUDV GP antigens. Mice and guinea pigs vaccinated with either a cocktail of EBOV-GP-I53-50 plus SUDV-GP-I53-50 or mosaic EBOV / SUDV-GP-I53-50 nanoparticles were protected from death or severe clinical signs of disease and weight loss, respectively, when challenged with either mouse-adapted EBOV or guinea pig-adapted SUDV.
Natural language processing for scalable feature engineering and ultra-high-dimensional confounding adjustment in healthcare database studies
Authors: Wyss Richard , Yang Jie , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Plasek Joseph M. , Zhou Li , Deramus Thomas , Weberpals Janick G. , Ngan Kerry , Tsacogianis Theodore N. , Lin Kueiyu Joshua
Published: February 2025

Background

To improve confounding control in healthcare database studies, data-driven algorithms may empirically identify and adjust for large numbers of pre-exposure variables that indirectly capture information on unmeasured confounding factors (‘proxy’ confounders). Current approaches for high-dimensional proxy adjustment do not leverage free-text notes from EHRs. Unsupervised natural language processing (NLP) technology can scale to generate large numbers of structured features from unstructured notes.

Objective

To assess the impact of supplementing claims data analyses with large numbers of NLP generated features for high-dimensional proxy adjustment.

Methods

We linked Medicare claims with EHR data to generate three cohorts comparing different classes of medications on the 6-month risk of cardiovascular outcomes. We used various NLP methods to generate structured features from free-text EHR notes and used LASSO regression to fit several PS models that included different covariate sets as candidate predictors. Covariate sets included features generated from claims data only, and claims data plus NLP-generated EHR features.

Results

Including both claims codes and NLP-generated EHR features as candidate predictors improved overall covariate balance with standardized differences being <0.1 for all variables. While overall balance improved, the impact on estimated treatment effects was more nuanced with adjustment for NLP-generated features moving effect estimates further in the expected direction in two of the empirical studies but had no impact on the third study.

Conclusion

Supplementing administrative claims with large numbers of NLP-generated features for ultra-high-dimensional proxy confounder adjustment improved overall covariate balance and may provide a modest benefit in terms of capturing confounder information.
Transient bifurcation induced rocket acceleration leading to a relativistic bulk medium induced by designed high-intensity lasers
Authors: Matsui Ryutaro , Kishimoto Yasuaki
Published: January 2025

By exploring a different function of plasma regulated by nonlinear waves and their transient bifurcations, we propose a boosting scheme for an object consisting of pure solid hydrogen medium irradiated by spatiotemporally designed high-intensity lasers to nearly the speed of light. This is achieved by two processes. One is the via the formation of the shocklike structure in the medium and subsequent adiabatic compression exceeding 20 times the solid density to a width narrower than the local Debye length. This results in the of the plasma regulated by the parameter ρe/γe ([electron charge density]/[electron relativistic factor]), which tends to be spatially less sensitive through the cancellation between laser ponderomotive and relativistic nonlinearities in a highly nonlinear regime. The other is the of the transient bifurcation of the shock to a soliton leading to an , which splits the structure into two shock structures propagating in opposite directions, i.e., one is boosted forward as the reaction of the other ejected backward as a fuel. The entire sequence of the processes causing and , leading to the of bulk medium, are found to be highly stable and then robust without causing any serious instability even including the nonuniformity of laser intensity associated with a tight laser focal spot.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Quantum state engineering and photon statistics at electromagnetic time interfaces
Authors: Mirmoosa M. S. , Setälä T. , Norrman A.
Published: January 2025

Modulating macroscopic parameters of materials in time offers innovative avenues for manipulating electromagnetic waves. Due to such enticing prospects, the general research subject of time-varying systems is expanding today in different branches of electromagnetism and optics. However, compared with the research efforts and progresses that have taken place in the realm of classical electrodynamics, the quantum aspects of this emerging subject have been less explored. Here, through the lens of quantum optics, we study the scattering of electromagnetic fields from an isotropic and nondispersive material with a suddenly changing refractive index, creating a time interface. We revisit the transformation of the bosonic mode operators and corresponding quantum states due to this interface, governed by the two-mode squeeze operator. Building on this foundation, at the core of the investigation, our analysis focuses on the quantum state engineering and photon statistics of the scattered light. Notably, such an analysis reveals and connects various quantum optical phenomena and opportunities arising from the time interface, including photon-pair production and destruction, photon bunching and antibunching, vacuum generation, quantum state discrimination, and quantum state freezing. To bridge theory and experiment, we propose a possible circuit quantum electrodynamics approach for validating our theoretical predictions. We hope that our work inspires experimental investigations of such quantum state engineering and photon statistics phenomena, as well as further quantum optical explorations of electromagnetic field interaction with photonic time crystals or with dispersive time-varying materials.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Theoretical investigation of adsorptive nitrate ion removal by pure graphene, Mo-decorated graphene and reduced graphene oxide based adsorbents: a DFT study
Authors: Mohseninia Nazanin , Memarian Nafiseh , Rezagholipour Dizaji Hamid
Published: January 2025

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to investigate the efficacy of pure graphene (G), Mo-decorated graphene and Mo-decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in removing nitrate anion (NO3
−) pollutants. Initially, the adsorption mechanism was analyzed to identify the most probable position of nitrate adsorption through optimized geometries, adsorption energy, bond length and electronic structures. Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis was executed to examine the adsorption properties of the NO3
− anion. Analyses of the adsorption energy, charge density difference and density of states indicated that defect sites, functional groups and Mo-atom decorations in graphene could significantly enhance the nitrate adsorption energy. The results indicated that the adsorption mechanisms of the NO3
− anion on pure G, Mo-decorated G and Mo-decorated rGO were different. NO3–Mo-decorated rGO demonstrated the highest adsorption energy. Conversely, NO3–pure G exhibited the lowest adsorption energy, while the NO3–Mo-decorated G showed the highest Fermi energy. Bader and projected density of states analyses suggest that the orbitals in the NO3–Mo-decorated G structure occupy the largest share in the valence band compared with the NO3–Mo-decorated rGO structure, which led to high electron accumulation. Consequently, the NO3–Mo-decorated rGO structure allows the complete absorption of nitrate, resulting in the breaking of chemical bonds. These results indicate that the NO3–Mo-decorated rGO structure has the highest nitrate absorption energy among the studied structures.
Perceptions of food safety in a post-communist context: the role of disinformation and regulatory trust
Authors: Moravec Vaclav , Hynek Nik , Gavurova Beata , Kubak Matus
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study investigates public perceptions of food safety in the Czech Republic, particularly focusing on the role of disinformation and trust in regulatory frameworks.

Design/methodology/approach

The research, based on a nationwide survey of 2,729 respondents, explores how different information sources, including search engines, social networks and traditional media, influence trust in food safety. Quota sampling was used to ensure demographic representation.

Findings

Logistic regression analysis highlights that age, gender, education level and exposure to disinformation significantly affect perceptions of health risks from simplified food imports. Older individuals, women and those with lower education are more likely to view these imports as a health threat, while frequent internet users show less concern. The findings highlight the critical impact of misinformation and disinformation on public opinion, emphasizing the need for enhanced media literacy and targeted public health communication.

Practical implications

The country governments should ensure the consistency and quality of the food safety programmes and transparency in their communications to strengthen public confidence. Hence, a systematic investigation and review of the food safety systems and updating the regulatory frameworks are necessary in order to ensure higher quality and safety of food.

Social implications

The research results represent a valuable platform for regulatory authorities as well as for the development of concepts of media and scientific literacy.

Originality/value

The study provides insights for policymakers on improving food safety communication in a post-communist context, contributing to broader discussions on combating misinformation in Europe.
Peter Burwash International (PBI): embarking on a grassroots tennis project in Karnataka
Authors: Krishnamurthy Vijayshankar , Suresh M.R.
Published: January 2025

Learning outcomes

The learning outcomes are as follows: develop an understanding of challenges faced by organizations regarding strategic planning; examine the strategies formulated by organizations that can enable wider adoption of a service offering; analyse service quality gaps that will provide new insights; and evaluate the strategic choices that would impact the growth of the organization.

Case overview/synopsis

Peter Bushwash International (PBI) was an organization that managed 60 tennis centres in 25 countries. With a staff of 100 tennis coaches worldwide, over 3 million students participated in PBI’s tennis programs. Cesar Morales was appointed the Technical Director on a two-year contract for the PBI’s new tennis centre in Bangalore (India). Morales had to decide if a decentralized strategy (hub-and-spoke model) would create broader growth for the PBI tennis program instead of operating as a premium hub with fewer students.

Complexity academic level

The case was written for organizational strategy, marketing and service quality courses for undergraduate business students (BBA).

Supplementary material

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 7: Management Science.
Why do few women choose IT-related programmes? A study of gender-specific perceptions and preferences in the context of business informatics
Authors: Schlegel Dennis , Geiger Tim
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Digital transformation is a key factor in the competitiveness of modern businesses. However, the shortage of IT specialists poses a significant challenge. The significant underrepresentation of women in IT-related programmes in higher education further increases the skills shortage and reduces diversity and creativity. Against this background, this study aims to investigate the gender-specific factors influencing the decision to pursue IT-related degrees in the context of business informatics (B-Inf) in Germany to understand why few young women choose this field of study.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative survey was conducted with 186 undergraduate students in Germany. The survey examined the perceptions and priorities of both male and female students when choosing their field of study.

Findings

The results reveal that women place greater emphasis on job security and societal impact when selecting their field of study, whereas men tend to prioritise interest in technology, personal development and enjoyment of IT-related work.

Originality/value

Although previous research has focused on computer science programmes, little attention has been paid specifically to B-Inf programmes, which are a distinct discipline combining computer science and business administration. This study contributes new insights into the gender-specific preferences influencing the choice of B-Inf degrees, offering practical implications for increasing female participation and addressing the IT skills gap.
Impact of authentic leadership on employees’ creative work behavior: a mediated moderated model
Authors: Umrani Waheed Ali , Rafique Noman , Kundi Yasir , Ahmed Umair , Abi Abdallah Reem
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Employees’ creativity is a critical factor in today’s dynamic working conditions. This study investigates the impact of authentic leadership on the creative work behavior of employees through psychological empowerment as a mediating mechanism. Moreover, the study also aims to examine the moderating role of organizational identification, drawing upon social identity theory. Specifically, organizational identification is expected to moderate the relationship between psychological empowerment and creative work behavior. Furthermore, it can also potentially moderate the indirect effect of authentic leadership on creative work behavior through psychological empowerment.

Design/methodology/approach

We collected a total of 314 valid responses from the employees working in private and public sector organizations within the telecommunications sector in Sindh, Pakistan.

Findings

We analyzed the data using Mplus 8.0. Our findings revealed that authentic leadership leverages creativity via psychological empowerment. Moreover, authentic leadership potentially acts as a moderator. Our results also found support for conditional indirect effects.

Originality/value

Leaders’ authenticity is an emerging concept. Its role in producing a creative workforce is still in the developmental stage. This study highlights that managers must be trained to develop the traits of authentic leadership and organizational identification so that they can raise employees’ psychological empowerment and creative work behavior.
Drivers of individual differences in the sleep behaviour of fallow deer neonates
Authors: Mortlock Euan , English Holly , Börger Luca , Matas Devorah , Koren Lee , Capellini Isabella , Jennings Domhnall
Published: February 2025

Inter‐individual differences are necessary for selection to act, while plasticity (intra‐individual variation) may buffer against selection. Sleep is a critical self‐maintenance behaviour but, unlike most behaviours, the causes and consequences of its inter‐ and intra‐individual variation in wild animals is poorly understood, particularly in neonates where sleep plays a key role in development. We have shown previously that free‐ranging neonate fallow deer (Dama dama) differ in sleep during the first few weeks of life. Here, we test whether individual variability in sleep is organised systematically across the population, and whether these individual differences are associated with chronic stress measured using hair cortisol, or the timing of birth.

Four dimensions of sleep behaviour (total sleep time, sleep fragmentation, sleep quality, and sleep distribution over 24‐h) were quantified using state‐of‐the‐art triaxial accelerometers. We then used a multivariate mixed‐effects model in a Bayesian framework to evaluate covariation between multiple dimensions of sleep behaviour, and quantify the relative importance of chronic stress and the timing of birth, while accounting for the confounding effects of environmental conditions and age.

We found that the timing of birth and chronic stress were not associated with changes in sleep between individuals. While both total sleep time and the number of bouts per day declined with age, their rate of development covaried, but no other sleep dimensions covaried.

Our results represent an in‐depth analysis of natural variation in sleep, and show that individual differences in four aspects of sleep architecture in free‐living fallow deer fawns are strong but independent of one another and unrelated to chronic stress or the timing of birth. We suggest that covariation between sleep dimensions might emerge later in life and effects of cortisol and birth timing might be very short and transient.
Listening
Authors: Herzfeld Michael
Published: February 2025

This editorial examines the critical importance of listening as a fundamental social art, as much in global and everyday politics as within anthropology and other academic discourses. Herzfeld argues that true listening – beyond mere turn‐taking – is increasingly endangered by polarization, institutional legalism, and self‐censorship. Drawing on examples from anthropological fieldwork, recent academic controversies, and global political tensions, he advocates for a ‘militant middle ground’ that embraces disagreement as essential for knowledge creation and mutual understanding. This position rejects both extreme relativism and rigid scientism, instead promoting a dynamic engagement with different viewpoints while acknowledging the inherent partiality of all human knowledge. He thereby argues that anthropology's experiential approach through fieldwork offers a model for cultivating the humility and the willingness to embrace uncertainty necessary for productive dialogue in a world that has increasingly forgotten how to listen.
Filling the void: Urban regeneration and contested space in Milan's Loreto Square
Authors: Grassi Paolo
Published: February 2025

Since 2015, Milan has experienced significant growth, driven by mega‐events and large urban regeneration projects. This development has not eliminated certain contradictions however, with social polarization in Milan increasing even after the pandemic. This article analyzes the redevelopment of a key Milan landmark, Loreto Square, from an anthropological perspective. While the project rhetoric emphasizes creating a new green and sustainable area, it also reveals opposing urban strategies based on the privatization of public space and land rent. The article concludes by highlighting the central role of spaces characterized by institutions as ‘urban voids’ in shaping the identity of contemporary cities.
From Smokestacks to Smart Factories: Improving the Quality of Environment and the Rise of Knowledge‐Intensive Activities
Authors: Domguia Edmond Noubissi , Ngounou Borice Augustin , Pondie Thierry Messie , Appiah‐Otoo Isaac
Published: February 2025

In the context of sustainable development goals, which aim to improve the quality of the environment, this study examines the impact of environmental quality on export sophistication. Better environmental performance can have positive effects on the competitiveness of companies and the perception of products by foreign consumers. The study uses a global sample of 115 countries and panel data models. A variety of methods are used to estimate the effect of environmental performance on export sophistication. These methods are robust and have been validated by other studies using comparative techniques. The results indicate that environmental performance has a significant positive effect on export sophistication. This effect is observed in both developed and developing countries, as well as in Christian, Muslim and Hindu majority countries. However, in countries with a majority of other religions, environmental performance has a negative effect on export sophistication. The positive effect of environmental performance on export sophistication can be explained by several factors. Companies that adopt sustainable environmental practices can improve their image and reputation with respect to foreign consumers. In addition, strict environmental regulations can encourage companies to innovate and develop better quality products. The negative effects observed in some countries can be explained by factors such as the structure of the industry, the level of technological development and the environmental policies in place. This study shows that improving the quality of the environment can be an effective way of improving the sophistication of exports. Industrial policies should therefore include environmental considerations to encourage companies to adopt sustainable practices.
Innovative applications of medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerol in nutritional support: Current perspectives and future directions
Authors: Wang Yandan , Wei Wei , Wang Yongjin , Yu Le , Xing Zhiqiang , Zhang Jianwen , Meng Zong , Wang Xingguo
Published: February 2025

As a unique structured lipid, medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerol (MLCT) is characterized by the combination of medium‐ and long‐chain fatty acids in a single triacylglycerol molecule. In recent years, MLCT, as a nutritional lipid, has gradually emerged as a research hot topic in the fields of food science and nutrition. This paper innovatively provides a comprehensive review of the current application status and development prospects of MLCT in nutritional support. First, the basic principles defining characteristics and selection basis of both enteral and parenteral nutrition are analyzed, elucidating the differences between the two modalities in terms of nutrient delivery pathway, absorption mechanisms, and physiological effects. Subsequently, the natural sources and artificial synthetic pathways of MLCT along with its metabolic behavior in vivo are elaborated. On this basis, the latest research advancements in the application of MLCT in both nutritional models are reviewed, with a particular emphasis on current research hotspots. Finally, the challenges encountered in the practical application of MLCT are discussed, and the future trajectory of MLCT as a functional lipid is predicted. In particular, the innovative potential of MLCT in functional foods, food for special medical purposes, personalized nutrition, and other aspects is emphasized, which provides beneficial ideas and directions for further research and industrial applications of MLCT.
A Long‐Term Ecological Research Data Set From the Marine Genetic Monitoring Program ARMS‐MBON 2018–2020
Authors: Daraghmeh Nauras , Exter Katrina , Pagnier Justine , Balazy Piotr , Cancio Ibon , Chatzigeorgiou Giorgos , Chatzinikolaou Eva , Chelchowski Maciej , Chrismas Nathan Alexis Mitchell , Comtet Thierry , Dailianis Thanos , Deneudt Klaas , Diaz de Cerio Oihane , Digenis Markos , Gerovasileiou Vasilis , González José , Kauppi Laura , Kristoffersen Jon Bent , Kukliński Piotr , Lasota Rafał , Levy Liraz , Małachowicz Magdalena , Mavrič Borut , Mortelmans Jonas , Paredes Estefania , Poćwierz‐Kotus Anita , Reiss Henning , Santi Ioulia , Sarafidou Georgia , Skouradakis Grigorios , Solbakken Jostein , Staehr Peter A. U. , Tajadura Javier , Thyrring Jakob , Troncoso Jesus S. , Vernadou Emmanouela , Viard Frederique , Zafeiropoulos Haris , Zbawicka Małgorzata , Pavloudi Christina , Obst Matthias
Published: January 2025

Molecular methods such as DNA/eDNA metabarcoding have emerged as useful tools to document the biodiversity of complex communities over large spatio‐temporal scales. We established an international Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (ARMS‐MBON) combining standardised sampling using autonomous reef monitoring structures (ARMS) with metabarcoding for genetic monitoring of marine hard‐bottom benthic communities. Here, we present the data of our first sampling campaign comprising 56 ARMS units deployed in 2018–2019 and retrieved in 2018–2020 across 15 observatories along the coasts of Europe and adjacent regions. We describe the open‐access data set (image, genetic and metadata) and explore the genetic data to show its potential for marine biodiversity monitoring and ecological research. Our analysis shows that ARMS recovered more than 60 eukaryotic phyla capturing diversity of up to ~5500 amplicon sequence variants and ~1800 operational taxonomic units, and up to ~250 and ~50 species per observatory using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 18S rRNA marker genes, respectively. Further, ARMS detected threatened, vulnerable and non‐indigenous species often targeted in biological monitoring. We show that while deployment duration does not drive diversity estimates, sampling effort and sequencing depth across observatories do. We recommend that ARMS should be deployed for at least 3–6 months during the main growth season to use resources as efficiently as possible and that post‐sequencing curation is applied to enable statistical comparison of spatio‐temporal entities. We suggest that ARMS should be used in biological monitoring programs and long‐term ecological research and encourage the adoption of our ARMS‐MBON protocols.
Cannabidiol alters psychophysiological, craving and anxiety responses in an alcohol cue reactivity task: A cross‐over randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hurzeler Tristan , Logge Warren , Watt Joshua , McGregor Ian S. , Suraev Anastasia , Haber Paul S. , Morley Kirsten C.
Published: February 2025

Background

Preclinical studies have demonstrated that cannabidiol (CBD) reduces alcohol‐seeking behaviors and may have potential for managing alcohol use disorder (AUD). In this study, we examined the effects of CBD versus placebo on (i) psychophysiological, craving and anxiety responses to alcohol and appetitive cues; (ii) tolerability measures including cognitive functioning.

Methods

Twenty‐two non‐treatment‐seeking individuals with AUD (DSM‐5) participated in a cross‐over, double‐blind, randomized trial, receiving either 800 mg of CBD or matched placebo over 3 days. A laboratory alcohol cue reactivity task with appetitive control (juice) and alcohol exposures, and subsequent recovery periods to examine regulation of cue‐elicited responses after cue‐offset (recovery) was completed, with psychophysiological indices of autonomic nervous system activity (skin conductance, high‐frequency heart rate variability [HF‐HRV]) and self‐reported measures (alcohol craving and anxiety). Self‐reported scales of sedation and neuropsychological executive function tasks were also completed.

Results

CBD sessions were significantly associated with elevated parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity across the task, as indicated by increased HF‐HRV. Reductions in self‐reported anxiety during cue exposure stages compared to placebo sessions were also evidenced. Reductions in self‐reported alcohol craving after cue exposure were seen during CBD sessions only. There were no significant differences between CBD and placebo on executive functioning performance.

Conclusions

In a short‐term regimen, CBD appears to modulate PNS activity, reduce cue‐elicited anxiety during cue exposure and reduce alcohol craving after cue exposure while not significantly impairing cognition. Large, parallel clinical trials with longer term regimens are now needed to determine the therapeutic potential of CBD in the management of AUD.
Living in the Paraindustrial
Authors: Walley Christine J.
Published: February 2025

This article is an autoethnographic exploration of life in the former steel mill region of Southeast Chicago in the ‘Rust Belt’ of the Midwestern United States. It challenges assumptions about deindustrialization that depict one discrete historical stage following another (i.e., the postindustrial following the industrial) in favor of what is here defined as the ‘paraindustrial’ (or a setting in which active industry with minimal numbers of workers exists alongside defunct industry and toxic brownfields). This account centers upon the experiences of women who have too often been neglected in research on deindustrialized regions. In particular, it focuses on the author's elderly mother Arlene who has spent her entire life in Southeast Chicago. From her wheelchair on a backyard porch, Arlene observes this damaged landscape built out of the former Calumet wetlands. The article considers the relationships of care, centered around women, that continue to bind together and support the living despite decades of economic and environmental rupture and degradation. Utilizing the concept of a ‘palimpsest,’ the piece considers how different historical, ecological, and social realities and temporalities are both layered on top of each other and intermingle to create the complex landscape found in this former wetland region.
Happiness depletes me: Seeking happiness impairs limited resources and self‐regulation
Authors: Kim Aekyoung , Maglio Sam J.
Published: January 2025

People seek happiness when they try to experience as much positive emotion (and as little negative emotion) as possible. A growing body of research suggests that seeking happiness, rather than resulting in yet more happiness, often leads to negative consequences, like less happiness and less available time. Adding to this happiness paradox, the current research examines whether seeking happiness leads to the impairment of self‐regulation due to the depletion of regulatory resources. We first demonstrate that trait‐level happiness‐seeking is associated with worse self‐regulation both via self‐report (Study 1) and actual behavior (Study 2). This result is corroborated in subsequent experiments that manipulate the pursuit of happiness and find that it, versus a control condition, makes people more vulnerable to lapses in self‐control behavior (Study 3) and, versus an accuracy‐seeking condition, makes people persist less in a challenging task (Study 4). Our findings suggest that continuous acts of happiness‐seeking may cause a chronic depletion of resources, which leads to daily self‐regulation failures, a critical component in a cycle of reduced personal happiness and well‐being.
Integrating Prenatal Exome Sequencing and Ultrasonographic Fetal Phenotyping for Assessment of Congenital Malformations: High Molecular Diagnostic Yield and Novel Phenotypic Expansions in a Consanguineous Cohort
Authors: El‐Dessouky Sara H. , Sharaf‐Eldin Wessam E. , Aboulghar Mona M. , Mousa Hatem A. , Zaki Maha S. , Maroofian Reza , Senousy Sameh M. , Eid Maha M. , Gaafar Hassan M. , Ebrashy Alaa , Shikhah Ahmed Z. , Abdelfattah Ahmed N. , Ezz‐Elarab Ahmed , Ateya Mohamed I. , Hosny Adel , Youssef Mohamed Abdefattah , Abdella Rana , Issa Mahmoud Y. , Matsa Lova S. , Abdelaziz Nahla , Saad Ahmed K. , Alavi Shahryar , Tajsharghi Homa , Abdalla Ebtesam M.
Published: February 2025

To evaluate the diagnostic yield of prenatal exome sequencing (pES) in fetuses with structural anomalies detected by prenatal ultrasound in a consanguineous population. This was a prospective study of 244 anomalous fetuses from unrelated consanguineous Egyptian families. Detailed phenotyping was performed throughout pregnancy and postnatally, and pES data analysis was conducted. Genetic variants were prioritized based on the correlation of their corresponding human phenotype ontology terms with the ultrasound findings. Analyses were carried out to determine the diagnostic efficiency of pES and its correlation to the organ systems involved. The largest clinical category of fetuses referred for pES was those manifesting multisystem anomalies (104/244, 42.6%). pES provided a definitive diagnosis explaining the fetal anomalies in 47.1% (115/244) of the cases, with the identification of 122 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants completely fitting with the phenotype. Variants of uncertain significance associated with the fetal phenotypes were detected in 84 fetuses (34%), while 18.44% (45/244) had negative results. Positive consanguinity is associated with a high diagnostic yield of ES. The novel variants and new fetal manifestations, described in our cohort, further expand the mutational and phenotypic spectrum of a wide variety of genetic disorders presenting with congenital malformations.
MetapathVis: Inspecting the Effect of Metapath in Heterogeneous Network Embedding via Visual Analytics
Authors: Li Quan , Tian Yun , Wang Xiyuan , Xie Laixin , Lin Dandan , Yi Lingling , Ma Xiaojuan
Published: January 2025

In heterogeneous graphs (HGs), which offer richer network and semantic insights compared to homogeneous graphs, the Metapath technique serves as an essential tool for data mining. This technique facilitates the specification of sequences of entity connections, elucidating the semantic composite relationships between various node types for a range of downstream tasks. Nevertheless, selecting the most appropriate metapath from a pool of candidates and assessing its impact presents significant challenges. To address this issue, our study introduces MetapathVis, an interactive visual analytics system designed to assist machine learning (ML) practitioners in comprehensively understanding and comparing the effects of metapaths from multiple fine‐grained perspectives. MetapathVis allows for an in‐depth evaluation of various models generated with different metapaths, aligning HG network information at the individual level with model metrics. It also facilitates the tracking of aggregation processes associated with different metapaths. The effectiveness of our approach is validated through three case studies and a user study, with feedback from domain experts confirming that our system significantly aids ML practitioners in evaluating and comprehending the viability of different metapath designs.
Optimal Monetary Policy Under Inflation Targeting in Tunisia: New Keynesian Model
Authors: Turki Dorra , Gabsi Foued Badr
Published: February 2025

This article analyzes monetary policy under inflation targeting in a developing economy using a hybrid new Keynesian model to determine the optimal policy rule. Firstly, we estimate the model's parameters using a Bayesian approach with data from the Tunisian economy from 2000 Q1 to 2020 Q4. Then, we solve an optimization problem to evaluate different types of monetary policy rules within the framework of two inflation‐targeting regimes. The results show that a forward‐looking rule with interest rate smoothing minimizes welfare loss most effectively within a strict inflation‐targeting framework.
A Comparison of Human‐Written Versus AI‐Generated Text in Discussions at Educational Settings: Investigating Features for ChatGPT, Gemini and BingAI
Authors: Yildiz Durak Hatice , Eğin Figen , Onan Aytuğ
Published: February 2025

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) models, such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and BingAI, have become integral to educational sciences, bringing about significant transformations in the education system and the processes of knowledge production. These advancements have facilitated new methods of teaching, learning, and information dissemination. However, the widespread adoption of these technologies raises serious concerns about academic ethics, content authenticity, and the potential for misuse in academic settings. This study aims to evaluate the linguistic features and differences between AI‐generated and human‐generated articles in educational contexts. By analysing various linguistic attributes such as singular word usage, sentence lengths, and the presence of repetitive or stereotypical phrases, the study identifies key distinctions between the two types of content. The findings indicate that human‐generated articles exhibit higher average singular word usage and longer sentence lengths compared to AI‐generated articles, suggesting a more complex and nuanced language structure in human writing. Furthermore, the study employs ensemble learning models, including Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, AdaBoost, Bagging, and Extra Trees, to classify and distinguish between AI‐generated and human‐generated texts. Among these, the Extra Trees model achieved the highest classification accuracy of 93%, highlighting its effectiveness in identifying AI‐generated content. Additionally, experiments using the BERTurk model, a transformer‐based language model, demonstrated a classification accuracy of 95%, particularly in distinguishing human‐generated articles from those produced by Gemini. The results of this study have significant implications for the future of education, as they underscore the critical need for robust tools and methodologies to differentiate between human and AI‐generated content.
Comparison of the Distance Learning Modalities Regarding Teaching Capacities and Performances on the Learners
Authors: Çelikbilek Yakup
Published: February 2025

Especially after the COVID‐19 pandemic, people have distances among each other, and this situation has affected everything. Education, which has been the most important thing for humanity since the beginning of history, has also been affected. To continue and survive the system, people started using and adapting different distance learning with the help of electronic devices, internet and technology. However, the impact of these new distance learning modalities does not have the same teaching capacity and performance on the learners. Besides, evaluation of the learners, fairness, interaction, feedback, etc. are the other important problems of the new distance learning modalities. Nevertheless, to discover the effect of the distance learning modalities regarding teaching capacities and performances on the learners, they are compared in this study with an integrated fuzzy multi criteria decision making model. The proposed model consists of two parts; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and ELECTRE methods. In the first part, weights and the decision matrix are calculated by using a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Then, in the second part, distance learning modalities are evaluated with the application of the ELECTRE method through the decision matrix according to weights.
Artificial Intelligence in Nursing: New Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Ramírez‐Baraldes Estel·la , García‐Gutiérrez Daniel , García‐Salido Cristina
Published: February 2025

To explore the opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) in nursing and its impact. Bibliographic review using Arksey and O'Malley's framework, enhanced by Levac, Colquhoun and O'Brien and following PRISMA guidelines, including qualitative and mixed studies. MeSH terms and keywords such as nursing education and ethical considerations were used in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, IEEE Xplore and Google Scholar. Of all, 53 studies were included, highlighting various opportunities and challenges of AI integration and opportunities for personalised learning, training improvement and evaluation. Highlighting challenges related to academic integrity, accuracy, data privacy and security, for the development of critical thinking skills. The integration of AI in nursing education offers significant advantages for improving the quality and effectiveness of education, such as academic integrity, critical thinking and equitable access, for this reason, faculty training should be geared toward the integration of AI in nursing education.
School Satisfaction Predicts Quality of Life for Children With Severe Developmental Disabilities and Their Families
Authors: Bjornson Sarah E. , Perry Adrienne
Published: January 2025

Background

Children with severe developmental disabilities are frequently excluded from research, and little is known about their quality of life (QoL). Using a mixed‐methods approach, this study examined relationships between school factors and QoL for these children and their families.

Method

171 parents of children with severe developmental disabilities completed questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed examining predictors of child and family QoL. Of the 171 parents, 123 responded to an open‐ended question about their children's school experiences, and responses were analysed qualitatively.

Results

Significant predictors of QoL included challenging behaviours, diagnoses, parent self‐efficacy, social support and (importantly) school satisfaction. Seven themes related to school experiences were identified qualitatively.

Conclusion

Many factors contribute to QoL. School has a significant influence on children and their parents and families. Different children have different strengths and difficulties, and school systems need to work with parents to optimise outcomes.
Association of bodyweight loss with changes in lipids, blood pressure, and fasting serum glucose following tirzepatide treatment in Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes: A post hoc analysis of the SURPASS J‐mono trial
Authors: Mimura Hanaka , Oura Tomonori , Chin Rina , Takeuchi Masakazu , Fujihara Kazuya , Sone Hirohito
Published: February 2025

Aims/Introduction

In the SURPASS J‐mono trial, tirzepatide demonstrated significant improvements in bodyweight and several metabolic parameters in Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes. This post hoc analysis evaluated the potential relationships between weight loss and metabolic improvements in SURPASS J‐mono.

Materials and Methods

Metabolic parameter data from tirzepatide‐treated participants were analyzed by weight loss subgroups and compared to dulaglutide 0.75 mg. Correlations between changes from baseline to week 52 in weight loss and each metabolic parameter were assessed; Pearson correlation coefficients were derived. Mediation analyses were conducted to evaluate weight loss‐associated and ‐unassociated effects of tirzepatide vs dulaglutide 0.75 mg.

Results

This analysis included 548 participants (tirzepatide: n = 411, dulaglutide: n = 137). Weight loss subgroups showed greater improvement in metabolic parameters with greater bodyweight loss. Significant (P < 0.05) but weak correlations between changes in bodyweight and triglycerides (r = 0.18–0.25), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = −0.37 to −0.29), and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.19–0.41) were observed across treatment groups; in diastolic blood pressure in the tirzepatide 5‐mg (r = 0.28), pooled tirzepatide (r = 0.20), and dulaglutide 0.75‐mg (r = 0.23) groups; and in fasting serum glucose in the dulaglutide 0.75‐mg (r = 0.18) and pooled tirzepatide (r = 0.13) groups. Weight loss was associated with treatment differences between tirzepatide and dulaglutide 0.75 mg to varying degrees across metabolic parameters, with improvements in fasting serum glucose having the lowest association with weight loss (36.6%–43.5%).

Conclusions

In this post hoc analysis, non‐glycemic and glycemic parameter improvements appeared differentially associated with weight loss, suggesting both weight loss‐associated and ‐unassociated effects of tirzepatide.
Vestibular epilepsy associated with a temporoparietal lobe meningioma in a cat
Authors: Peters Rosanne K.
Published: February 2025

A 15‐year‐old male castrated domestic shorthair cat presented with increasingly frequent vestibular episodes. The cat exhibited episodes of a head tilt, nystagmus, abnormal mental state, vocalizing, hypersalivation, restlessness, and vomiting. Episodes were <60 minutes long with normal inter‐episode condition. Systemic evaluations were generally benign. Magnetic resonance imaging documented a small meningioma in the left temporoparietal junction area with no other structural evidence of vestibular system pathologies. The episode frequency decreased with administration of levetiracetam which was discontinued 91 days post‐craniotomy. The cat had 2 more limited vestibular episodes: 1 at 211 days after craniotomy, and the second at 489 days after craniotomy. The cat maintained normal inter‐episode condition until it was euthanized for unrelated transitional cell carcinoma 907 days post‐craniotomy.
Introducing Rveg: An R Package for Phytosociological Data Digitizing
Authors: Král Přemysl , Douda Jan
Published: February 2025

Rveg is an open‐source package extension for the R statistical programming language, designed to facilitate the efficient and straightforward digitization of phytosociological relevés (vegetation plot observations) into plain comma‐separated values (CSV) format. This format is easily importable into the R environment for data editing and analysis. Rveg distinguishes itself through enhanced efficiency, simplicity, and accessibility compared to alternative software solutions.
Comment on Lawrence Cahoone, “Naturalism and the Cartesian ghost”
Authors: Pihlström Sami
Published: February 2025

This paper comments on Lawrence Cahoone's essay “Naturalism and the Cartesian ghost,” published in this issue of Metaphilosophy. Agreeing with Cahoone's criticism of reductive naturalism while identifying differences in our versions of non‐reductive naturalism, the paper focuses on questions concerning ontological dependence and the relation between naturalism and humanism.
Neurostimulation improves reading and alters communication within reading networks in dyslexia
Authors: Turker Sabrina , Kuhnke Philipp , Cheung Vicent K. M. , Weise Konstantin , Hartwigsen Gesa
Published: February 2025

The left temporo‐parietal cortex (TPC) is critical for phonological decoding during reading and appears hypoactive in dyslexia. Therefore, a promising approach to alleviating phonological deficits in dyslexia is to modulate left TPC functioning. However, it is unclear how neurostimulation alters activity and network interactions in dyslexia. To address this gap, we combined facilitatory transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the left TPC in adults with dyslexia with an overt word and pseudoword reading task during functional neuroimaging. We found TMS‐induced improvements in pseudoword reading, reduced contributions of right‐hemispheric regions during reading, and substantial changes between the core reading nodes and an extended network involving the right cerebellum. Stronger coupling between temporo‐occipital and frontal cortices was further directly linked to improvements in pseudoword reading. Collectively, we provide evidence for a crucial role of the left TPC for phonological decoding and show that TMS can successfully modulate reading networks to improve reading in dyslexia.