bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Hills of Rome
Authors: Vout Caroline
Published: October 2012

Rome is 'the city of seven hills'. This book examines the need for the 'seven hills' cliché, its origins, development, impact and borrowing. It explores how the cliché relates to Rome's real volcanic terrain and how it is fundamental to how we define this. Its chronological remit is capacious: Varro, Virgil and Claudian at one end, on, through the work of Renaissance antiquarians, to embrace frescoes and nineteenth-century engravings. These artists and authors celebrated the hills and the views from these hills, in an attempt to capture Rome holistically. By studying their efforts, this book confronts the problems of encapsulating Rome and 'cityness' more broadly and indeed the artificiality of any representation, whether a painting, poem or map. In this sense, it is not a history of the city at any one moment in time, but a history of how the city has been, and has to be, perceived.
Louis XVI and the French Revolution, 1789–1792
Authors: Caiani Ambrogio A.
Published: October 2012

The experience, and failure, of Louis XVI's short-lived constitutional monarchy of 1789–1792 deeply influenced the politics and course of the French Revolution. The dramatic breakdown of the political settlement of 1789 steered the French state into the decidedly stormy waters of political terror and warfare on an almost global scale. This book explores how the symbolic and political practices which underpinned traditional Bourbon kingship ultimately succumbed to the radical challenge posed by the Revolution's new 'proto-republican' culture. While most previous studies have focused on Louis XVI's real and imagined foreign counterrevolutionary plots, Ambrogio A. Caiani examines the king's hitherto neglected domestic activities in Paris. Drawing on previously unexplored archival source material, Caiani provides an alternative reading of Louis XVI in this period, arguing that the monarch's symbolic behaviour and the organisation of his daily activities and personal household were essential factors in the people's increasing alienation from the newly established constitutional monarchy.
Affirming the Resurrection of the Incarnate Christ
Authors: Jensen Matthew D.
Published: October 2012

The first letter of John is commonly understood to contain no reference to Jesus's resurrection. Matthew D. Jensen argues that, far from this being absent from the theology of 1 John, the opening verses contain a key reference to the resurrection which undergirds the rest of the text and is bolstered by other explicit references to the resurrection. The book goes on to suggest that the author and the readers of this epistle understand themselves to be the authentic Israel from which faithless Jews had apostatized when they denied that Jesus was 'the Christ' and left the community. Jensen's interpretation calls for a new understanding of the historical context in which 1 John was written, particularly the question of Jesus' identity from the perspective of his fellow Jews. An innovative and provocative study, of interest to scholars and advanced students of New Testament studies, Johannine theology and Jewish history.
The Mighty and the Almighty
Authors: Wolterstorff Nicholas
Published: October 2012

For a century or more political theology has been in decline. Recent years, however, have seen increasing interest not only in how church and state should be related, but in the relation between divine authority and political authority, and in what religion has to say about the limits of state authority and the grounds of political obedience. In this book, Nicholas Wolterstorff addresses this whole complex of issues. He takes account of traditional answers to these questions, but on every point stakes out new positions. Wolterstorff offers a fresh theological defense of liberal democracy, argues that the traditional doctrine of 'two rules' should be rejected and offers a fresh exegesis of Romans 13, the canonical biblical passage for the tradition of Christian political theology. This book provides useful discussion for scholars and students of political theology, law and religion, philosophy of religion and social ethics.
Second Language Classrooms
Authors: Chaudron Craig
Published: October 2012

This important new book provides a critical overview of recent classroom-centered research and its implications for the teaching and learning of languages. Chaudron synthesizes and evaluates crucial research about the way student and teacher behaviours affect language learning and discusses research methods. Second Language Classrooms will be of vital interest to researchers, language teachers, and curriculum specialists, as well as readers with a general interest in education, linguistics, sociology, or psychology.
Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition
Authors: O'Malley J. Michael , Chamot Anna Uhl
Published: October 2012

O'Malley and Chamot review the literature on learning strategies, describe and classify learning strategies in second language learning, and discuss why learning is affected in a positive manner when such strategies are used. The authors present instructional models for learning-strategy training that teachers can apply to their own classes. The material is based on current research in second language acquisition and cognitive theory.
Language Transfer
Authors: Odlin Terence
Published: October 2012

The author shows how similarities and differences between languages can influence grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation acquisition.

Terence Odlin reconsiders a question that many language teachers and educational researchers have addressed: How much influence can a learner's native language have in making the acquisition of a new language easy or difficult? Odlin analyzes and interprets research showing many ways in which similarities and differences between languages can influence the acquisition of grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. In addition, he provides a detailed look at work on other areas important for the study of transfer, including discourse, individual variation, and sociolinguistic factors. Language teachers, applied linguists, and educational researchers will find this volume extremely valuable to their work.
Contrastive Rhetoric
Authors: Connor Ulla M.
Published: October 2012

This volume explores the field of contrastive rhetoric, the study of how a person's first language and culture influence his or her writing in a second language. It presents a comprehensive view of the research in this field, emphasizing the connections between contrastive rhetoric and the related disciplines of composition studies, cultural anthropology, translation studies, and text linguistics. Connor draws on this research to provide sound advice for dealing with cross-cultural issues in a variety of second language writing contexts. Her goal is to make teachers aware of the many factors influencing their students' attempts to compose effective texts and to help teachers draw on the resources individual learners bring to the writing task. It is a solid reference for researchers and teachers in the field of second language writing.
Language Program Evaluation
Authors: Lynch Brian K.
Published: October 2012

Although much has been written about the testing and evaluation of language students, few books have dealt with the much broader issue of measuring the success of language programs. Filling a critical gap in the literature of applied linguistics, Language Program Evaluation provides teachers, researchers, and administrators with a complete introduction to both qualitative and quantitative approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of their programs. Through a careful blend of theory, research, and practice, the author presents a testing model that is specifically tailored to the concerns of language education programs and which can be adapted to different contexts and updated as teaching and learning situations evolve. He proposes a shift from purely quantitative studies which consider only end-of-program achievement gains to ones that include an investigation of program process using qualitative, naturalistic methods.
Exploring the Second Language Mental Lexicon
Authors: Singleton David
Published: October 2012

Unlike many recent books on L2 vocabulary and processing, this volume does not set out to offer a complex perspective of the L2 lexicon, but rather represents a sustained attempt to come to grips with some very basic questions clustered around the relationship between the L2 mental lexicon and the L1 mental lexicon. It provides a substantial review of L1 and L2 lexical research issues such as similarities and differences between the conditions of L1 and L2 acquisition, the respective roles of form and meaning in L1 and L2 processing, and the degree of separation/integration between L1 and the L2 lexical operations. New research into the L2 lexicon from the Trinity College Dublin Modern Languages Project is considered in the latter part of the volume.
Text, Role and Context
Authors: Johns Ann M.
Published: October 2012

This text explores fundamental issues relating to student literacies and instructor roles and practices within academic contexts.

It offers a brief history of literacy theories and argues for "socioliterate" approaches to teaching and learning in which texts are viewed as primarily socially constructed. Central to socioliteracy, the concepts "genre" and "discourse community," are presented in detail. The author argues for roles for literacy practitioners in which they and their students conduct research and are involved in joint pedagogical endeavors. The final chapters are devoted to outlining how the views presented can be applied to a variety of classroom texts. Core curricular design principles are outlined, and three types of portfolio-based academic literacy classrooms are described.
Feedback in Second Language Writing
Authors: Hyland Ken , Hyland Fiona
Published: October 2012

How to provide appropriate feedback to students on their writing has long been an area of central significance to teachers and educators. Feedback in Second Language Writing: Context and Issues provides scholarly articles on the topic by leading researchers, who explore topics such as the socio-cultural assumptions that participants bring to the writing class; feedback delivery and negotiation systems; and the role of student and teacher identity in negotiating feedback and expectations. This text provides empirical data and an up-to-date analysis of the complex issues involved in offering appropriate feedback during the writing process.
Learning Vocabulary in Another Language
Authors: Nation I. S. P.
Published: October 2012

Learning Vocabulary in Another Language provides a detailed survey of research and theory on the teaching and learning of vocabulary with the aim of providing pedagogical suggestions for both teachers and learners. It contains descriptions of numerous vocabulary learning strategies which are justified and supported by reference to experimental research, case studies, and teaching experience. It also describes what vocabulary learners need to know to be effective language users. Learning Vocabulary in Another Language shows that by taking a systematic approach to vocabulary learning, teachers can make the best use of class time and help learners get the best return for their learning effort. It will quickly establish itself as the point of reference for future vocabulary work.
Research Perspectives on English for Academic Purposes
Authors: Flowerdew John , Peacock Matthew
Published: October 2012

The number of non-native students studying in English-medium universities has increased over the past decade. Paralleling this growth is the interest in English for Academic Purposes (EAP). No one research-based volume has yet investigated the theoretical issues and pedagogical concerns of the area. This wide-ranging volume of specially commissioned articles from leading scholars in the field aims to bring to the wider community current research in the field and its implications for pedagogy. It offers a state-of-the-art representation of research in EAP and will help define the field in the coming years.
Corpora in Applied Linguistics
Authors: Hunston Susan
Published: October 2012

Corpus linguistics is leading to the development of theories about language which challenge existing orthodoxies in applied linguistics. However, there are also many questions which should be examined and debated: how big should a corpus be? Is the data from a corpus reliable? What are its applications for language teaching? Corpora in Applied Linguistics exams these and other questions related to this emerging field. It discusses these important issues and explores the techniques of investigating a corpus, as well as demonstrating the application of corpora in a wide variety of fields. It also outlines the impact corpus linguistics is having on how languages are taught in the classroom and how it is informing language teaching materials and dictionaries. It makes a superb and accessible introduction to corpus linguistics and is a must read for anyone interested in corpus linguistics and its impact on applied linguistics.
Criterion-Referenced Language Testing
Authors: Brown James Dean , Hudson Thom
Published: October 2012

Over the past decade criterion-referenced testing (CRT) has become an emerging issue in language assessment. Most language testing books have hitherto focused almost exclusively on norm-referenced testing, whereby test takers' scores are interpreted with reference to the performance of other test takers, and have ignored CRT, an approach that examines the level of knowledge of a specific domain of target behaviours. It is designed to comprehensively address the wide variety of CRT and decision-making needs that more and more language-teaching professionals must address in their daily work. Criterion-referenced Language Testing is the first volume to create a nexus between the theoretical constructs and practical applications of this new area of language testing.
Research Genres
Authors: Swales John M.
Published: October 2012

This book provides a rich and accessible account of genre studies by a world-renowned applied linguist.

The hardback edition discusses today's research world, its various configurations of genres, and the role of English within the genres. Theoretical and methodological issues are explored, with a special emphasis on various metaphors of genre. The book is full of carefully worded detail and each chapter ends with suggestions for pedagogical practice. The volume closes with evaluations of contrastive rhetoric, applied corpus linguistics, and critical approaches to EAP. Research Genres provides a rich and scholarly account of this key area.
Insights into Second Language Reading
Authors: Koda Keiko
Published: October 2012

This critical volume, provides an in-depth analysis of second language reading's multiple dimensions.

The paperback edition describes the complexity of reading and explains how reading differs in a first and second language. The book is broad in scope, covering all major aspects of the reading process and synthesizing all current reading research. The author provides a cross-linguistic orientation, explaining how first and second languages can mutually facilitate one another. This important volume offers strategies for enhancing literary acquisition, second-language learning and bilingual processing, and will serve as a valuable guide for graduate students, professors, researchers and foreign language teachers.
Intrinsic work motivation and pension reform preferences
Authors: HEINEMANN FRIEDRICH , HENNIGHAUSEN TANJA , MOESSINGER MARC-DANIEL
Published: October 2012

Although demographic change leaves pay-as-you-go pension systems unsustainable, reforms, such as a higher pension age, are highly unpopular. This contribution looks into the role of intrinsic motivation as a driver for pension reform preferences. Theoretical reasoning suggests that this driver should be relevant as it decreases the subjective costs of a higher pension age. We test this key hypothesis on the basis of the German General Social Survey (ALLBUS). The results are unambiguous: in addition to factors such as age or education, the inclusion of intrinsic work motivation helps improving our prediction of an individual's reform orientation.
Analysis of parasitic cyan luminescence occurring in GaInN blue light-emitting diodes
Authors: Shan Qifeng , Suk Cho Yong , Lin Guan-Bo , Meyaard David S. , Cho Jaehee , Schubert E. Fred , Kon Son Joong , Sone Cheolsoo
Published: October 2012

GaInN blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting at 445 nm exhibit a spatially uniform cyan emission (480 nm) that dominates the emission spectrum at low injection current. Photoluminescence using resonant optical excitation shows that the cyan emission originates from the active region. The blue-to-cyan intensity ratio, which depends on the electrical and optical excitation density, reveals that the cyan emission is due to a transition from the conduction band to a Mg acceptor having diffused into the last-grown quantum well of the active region. The Mg in the active region provides an additional carrier-transport path, and therefore can explain the high subthreshold forward leakage current that is measured in these LEDs.
A three-dimensional self-supporting low loss microwave lens with a negative refractive index
Authors: Ehrenberg Isaac M. , Sarma Sanjay E. , Wu Bae-Ian
Published: October 2012

Demonstrations of focusing with metamaterial lenses have predominantly featured two dimensional structures or stacks of planar elements, both limited by losses which hinder realized gain near the focal region. In this study, we present a plano-concave lens built from a 3D self-supporting metamaterial structure featuring a negative refractive index between 10 and 12 GHz. Fabricated using macroscopic layered prototyping, the lens curvature, negative index and low loss contribute to a recognizable focus and free space gains above 13 dB.
Phase-locked loop based on nanoelectromechanical resonant-body field effect transistor
Authors: Bartsch S. T. , Rusu A. , Ionescu A. M.
Published: October 2012

We demonstrate the room-temperature operation of a silicon nanoelectromechanical resonant-body field effect transistor (RB-FET) embedded into phase-locked loop (PLL). The very-high frequency resonator uses on-chip electrostatic actuation and transistor-based displacement detection. The heterodyne frequency down-conversion based on resistive FET mixing provides a loop feedback signal with high signal-to-noise ratio. We identify key parameters for PLL operation, and analyze the performance of the RB-FET at the system level. Used as resonant mass detector, the experimental frequency stability in the ppm-range translates into sub atto-gram (10−18 g) sensitivity in high vacuum. The feedback and control system are generic and may be extended to other mechanical resonators with transistor properties, such as graphene membranes and carbon nanotubes.
Electronic structure, stability and non-linear optical properties of aza-fullerenes C60-2nN2n(n=1–12)
Authors: Srinivasu K. , Jena Naresh K. , Ghosh Swapan K.
Published: October 2012

Through ab initio based density functional theory calculations, we have investigated the electronic structure, stability and non-linear optical properties of a series of nitrogen substituted fullerenes (azafullerenes) with the general formula C60-2nN2n (n=1–12). For each system, we have considered different possible isomers and the minimum energy isomer is subjected to further detailed investigations. We have calculated different properties such as HOMO-LUMO gaps, vertical ionization potentials, vertical electron affinities, etc. to verify the stability of the considered fullerenes. From the Hessian calculations, it is observed that all the fullerenes are not only associated with real vibrational frequencies, but the minimum frequencies are also found to be considerably large which further confirms the stability of the considered fullerenes. We find that the presence of unperturbed C6 rings enhances the stability of the fullerene whereas, the -N-C-N- fragments are found to destabilize the structure. At lower doping concentration, the stabilization due to C6 is more predominant and as the doping concentration is increased, the destabilization due to nitrogen-nitrogen repulsion plays a more important role. Our calculated polarizability and hyperpolarizability parameters of C60 are found to be in good agreement with the earlier reported results. On nitrogen doping, considerable variation is observed in the non-linear optical coefficients, which can be helpful in designing new photonic devices.
Lithium niobate photonic crystal wire cavity: Realization of a compact electro-optically tunable filter
Authors: Lu Huihui , Issam Baida Fadi , Ulliac Gwenn , Courjal Nadège , Collet Manuel , Bernal Maria-Pilar
Published: October 2012

We report an electro-optically tunable filter using a lithium niobate photonic crystal cavity configuration with an efficient optical guiding geometry. The compact device (5.5 μm × 2.8 μm) was made on a hybrid waveguide combining an annealed proton exchange waveguide and a ridge waveguide realized by focused ion beam with vertically deposited electrodes. Due to the slow light and nonlinear effect in lithium niobate photonic crystal, experimental results show an enhanced tunability of ∼0.56 nm/V. This compact tunable photonic crystal cavity demonstration opens the path for the development of micro and nano-scale low-power driving active photonic devices.
Nuclear transport receptor binding avidity triggers a self-healing collapse transition in FG-nucleoporin molecular brushes
Authors: Schoch Rafael L. , Kapinos Larisa E. , Lim Roderick Y. H.
Published: October 2012

Conformational changes at supramolecular interfaces are fundamentally coupled to binding activity, yet it remains a challenge to probe this relationship directly. Within the nuclear pore complex, this underlies how transport receptors known as karyopherins proceed through a tethered layer of intrinsically disordered nucleoporin domains containing Phe-Gly (FG)-rich repeats (FG domains) that otherwise hinder passive transport. Here, we use nonspecific proteins (i.e., BSA) as innate molecular probes to explore FG domain conformational changes by surface plasmon resonance. This mathematically diminishes the surface plasmon resonance refractive index constraint, thereby providing the means to acquire and correlate height changes in a surface-tethered FG domain layer to Kap binding affinities in situ with respect to their relative spatial arrangements. Stepwise measurements show that FG domain collapse is caused by karyopherin β1 (Kapβ1) binding at low concentrations, but this gradually transitions into a reextension at higher Kapβ1 concentrations. This ability to self-heal is intimately coupled to Kapβ1-FG binding avidity that promotes the maximal incorporation of Kapβ1 into the FG domain layer. Further increasing Kapβ1 to physiological concentrations leads to a “pileup” of Kapβ1 molecules that bind weakly to unoccupied FG repeats at the top of the layer. Therefore, binding avidity does not hinder fast transport per se. Revealing the biophysical basis underlying the form–function relationship of Kapβ1-FG domain behavior results in a convergent picture in which transport and mechanistic aspects of nuclear pore complex functionality are reconciled.
Plasticity of the asialoglycoprotein receptor deciphered by ensemble FRET imaging and single-molecule counting PALM imaging
Authors: Renz Malte , Daniels Brian R. , Vámosi György , Arias Irwin M. , Lippincott-Schwartz Jennifer
Published: October 2012

The stoichiometry and composition of membrane protein receptors are critical to their function. However, the inability to assess receptor subunit stoichiometry in situ has hampered efforts to relate receptor structures to functional states. Here, we address this problem for the asialoglycoprotein receptor using ensemble FRET imaging, analytical modeling, and single-molecule counting with photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM). We show that the two subunits of asialoglycoprotein receptor [rat hepatic lectin 1 (RHL1) and RHL2] can assemble into both homo- and hetero-oligomeric complexes, displaying three forms with distinct ligand specificities that coexist on the plasma membrane: higher-order homo-oligomers of RHL1, higher-order hetero-oligomers of RHL1 and RHL2 with two-to-one stoichiometry, and the homo-dimer RHL2 with little tendency to further homo-oligomerize. Levels of these complexes can be modulated in the plasma membrane by exogenous ligands. Thus, even a simple two-subunit receptor can exhibit remarkable plasticity in structure, and consequently function, underscoring the importance of deciphering oligomerization in single cells at the single-molecule level.
Extensive genetic variation in somatic human tissues
Authors: O’Huallachain Maeve , Karczewski Konrad J. , Weissman Sherman M. , Urban Alexander Eckehart , Snyder Michael P.
Published: October 2012

Genetic variation between individuals has been extensively investigated, but differences between tissues within individuals are far less understood. It is commonly assumed that all healthy cells that arise from the same zygote possess the same genomic content, with a few known exceptions in the immune system and germ line. However, a growing body of evidence shows that genomic variation exists between differentiated tissues. We investigated the scope of somatic genomic variation between tissues within humans. Analysis of copy number variation by high-resolution array-comparative genomic hybridization in diverse tissues from six unrelated subjects reveals a significant number of intraindividual genomic changes between tissues. Many (79%) of these events affect genes. Our results have important consequences for understanding normal genetic and phenotypic variation within individuals, and they have significant implications for both the etiology of genetic diseases such as cancer and for immortalized cell lines that might be used in research and therapeutics.
Feature attention evokes task-specific pattern selectivity in V4 neurons
Authors: Ipata Anna E. , Gee Angela L. , Goldberg Michael E.
Published: October 2012

A hallmark of visual cortical neurons is their selectivity for stimulus pattern features, such as color, orientation, or shape. In most cases this feature selectivity is hard-wired, with selectivity manifest from the beginning of the response. Here we show that when a task requires that a monkey distinguish between patterns, V4 develops a selectivity for the sought-after pattern, which it does not manifest in a task that does not require the monkey to distinguish between patterns. When a monkey looks for a target object among an array of distractors, V4 neurons become selective for the target ∼50 ms after the visual latency independent of the impending saccade direction. However, when the monkey has to only make a saccade to the spatial location of the same objects without discriminating their pattern, V4 neurons do not distinguish the search target from the distractors. This selectivity for stimulus pattern develops roughly 40 ms after the same neurons’ selectivity for basic pattern features like orientation or color. We suggest that this late-developing selectivity is related to the phenomenon of feature attention and may contribute to the mechanisms by which the brain finds the target in visual search.
Acute stress and hippocampal histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation, a retrotransposon silencing response
Authors: Hunter Richard G. , Murakami Gen , Dewell Scott , Seligsohn Ma’ayan , Baker Miriam E. R. , Datson Nicole A. , McEwen Bruce S. , Pfaff Donald W.
Published: October 2012

The hippocampus is a highly plastic brain region particularly susceptible to the effects of environmental stress; it also shows dynamic changes in epigenetic marks in response to stress and learning. We have previously shown that, in the rat, acute (30 min) restraint stress induces a substantial, regionally specific, increase in hippocampal levels of the repressive histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3). Because of the large magnitude of this effect and the fact that stress can induce the expression of endogenous retroviruses and transposable elements in many systems, we hypothesized that the H3K9me3 response was targeted to these elements as a means of containing potential genomic instability. We used ChIP coupled with next generation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) to determine the genomic localization of the H3K9me3 response. Although there was a general increase in this response across the genome, our results validated this hypothesis by demonstrating that stress increases H3K9me3 enrichment at transposable element loci and, using RT-PCR, we demonstrate that this effect represses expression of intracisternal-A particle endogenous retrovirus elements and B2 short interspersed elements, but it does not appear to have a repressive effect on long interspersed element RNA. In addition, we present data showing that the histone H3K9-specific methyltransferases
Suv39h2
is up-regulated by acute stress in the hippocampus, and that this may explain the hippocampal specificity we observe. These results are a unique demonstration of the regulatory effect of environmental stress, via an epigenetic mark, on the vast genomic terra incognita represented by transposable elements.
Roseimicrobium gellanilyticum gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the class

Verrucomicrobiae
Authors: Otsuka Shigeto , Ueda Hiroyuki , Suenaga Taku , Uchino Yoshihito , Hamada Moriyuki , Yokota Akira , Senoo Keishi
Published: October 2012

The taxonomic properties of strain DC2a-G7T, a Gram-negative, ovoid to rod-shaped, gellan gum-lysing bacterium, were examined. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that DC2a-G7T is a member of the phylum

Verrucomicrobia

and the closest type strain of a species with a validly published name is

Verrucomicrobium spinosum

DSM 4136T, with a sequence similarity of 91.2 %. In addition to this similarity value lower than 95 %, the absence of prostheca, the orangey-red colony colour and the compositions of the major menaquinones and polar lipids also supported the differentiation of this bacterium from the genus

Verrucomicrobium

. Here, we propose the name Roseimicrobium gellanilyticum gen. nov., sp. nov. for the isolate. The type strain of Roseimicrobium gellanilyticum is DC2a-G7T ( = NBRC 108606T = DSM 25532T).
Tamlicoccus
marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from seawater
Authors: Lee Soon Dong
Published: October 2012

A novel actinobacterial strain was isolated from a seawater sample collected on Mara Island, Jeju, Republic of Korea. Cells of this organism were aerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile cocci that occurred singly or in pairs. Colonies were circular, smooth, convex and white–cream in colour. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the organism belonged to the family

Dermacoccaceae

and formed a monophyletic clade between the type strains of

Demetria terragena

(96.8 % similarity) and

Branchiibius hedensis

(95.2 % similarity). The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained l-lysine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and serine, indicating that the isolate possessed peptidoglycan type A4α. The whole-cell sugars were galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose, arabinose, ribose and rhamnose. The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown phospholipid and five unknown lipids. The cellular fatty acid profile was represented by large amounts of iso-methyl branched and monounsaturated iso- and anteiso-methyl branched acids, along with the presence of a diagnostic 10-methyl acid. The G+C content of the DNA was 71 mol%. On the basis of data from polyphasic analyses presented here, strain MSW-24T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family

Dermacoccaceae

, for which the name Tamlicoccus marinus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Tamlicoccus marinus is MSW-24T ( = KCTC 19485T = DSM 21415T).
Brevundimonas

abyssalis sp. nov., a dimorphic prosthecate bacterium isolated from deep-subsea floor sediment
Authors: Tsubouchi Taishi , Shimane Yasuhiro , Usui Keiko , Shimamura Shigeru , Mori Kozue , Hiraki Toshiki , Tame Akihiro , Uematsu Katsuyuki , Maruyama Tadashi , Hatada Yuji
Published: October 2012

A novel Gram-negative, aerobic, psychrotolerant, alkali-tolerant, heterotrophic and dimorphic prosthecate bacterium, designated strain TAR-001T, was isolated from deep-sea floor sediment in Japan. Cells of this strain had a dimorphic life cycle and developed an adhesive stalk at a site not coincident with the centre of the cell pole, and the other type of cell, a swarm cell, had a polar flagellum. Colonies were glossy, viscous and yellowish-white in colour. The temperature, pH and salt concentration range for growth were 2–41 °C, pH 6.5–10.0 and 1–4 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that strain TAR-001T belongs to the family

Caulobacteraceae

of the class

Alphaproteobacteria

, and lies between the genus

Brevundimonas

and the genus

Caulobacter

. Levels of similarity between the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain TAR-001T and those of the type strains of

Brevundimonas

species were 93.3–95.7 %; highest sequence similarity was with the type strain of

Brevundimonas diminuta

. Levels of sequence similarity between those of the type strains of

Caulobacter

species were 94.9–96.0 %; highest sequence similarity was with the type strain of

Caulobacter mirabilis

. The G+C content of strain TAR-001T was 67.6 mol%. Q-10 was the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone. The major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c and C16 : 0, and the presence of 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-[d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-d-glucopyranuronosyl]glycerol suggests strain TAR-001T is more closely to the genus

Brevundimonas

than to the genus

Caulobacter

. The mean DNA–DNA hybridization levels between strain TAR-001T and the type strains of two species of the genus

Brevundimonas

were higher than that of the genus

Caulobacter

. On the basis of polyphasic biological features and the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison presented here, strain TAR-001T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus

Brevundimonas

, for which the name

Brevundimonas

abyssalis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is TAR-001T ( = JCM 18150T = CECT 8073T).
Caldicoprobacter guelmensis sp. nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic, xylanolytic bacterium isolated from a hot spring
Authors: Bouanane-Darenfed Amel , Ben Hania Wajdi , Hacene Hocine , Cayol Jean-Luc , Ollivier Bernard , Fardeau Marie-Laure
Published: October 2012

A hyperthermophilic anaerobic bacterium, designated D2C22T, was isolated from the hydrothermal hot spring of Guelma in north-east Algeria. The isolate was a Gram-stain-positive, non-sporulating, non-motile rod, appearing singly or in pairs (0.3–0.4×8.0–9.0 µm). Strain D2C22T grew anaerobically at 45–85 °C (optimum 65 °C), at pH 5–9 (optimum pH 6.8) and with 0–20 g NaCl l−1. Strain D2C22T used glucose, galactose, lactose, fructose, ribose, xylose, arabinose, maltose, cellobiose, mannose, melibiose, sucrose, xylan and pyruvate (only in the presence of yeast extract or biotrypticase) as electron donors. The end products from glucose fermentation were acetate, lactate, CO2 and H2. Nitrate, nitrite, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, sulfate and sulfite were not used as electron acceptors. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 41.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain D2C22T was most closely related to

Caldicoprobacter oshimai

JW/HY-331T,

Caldicoprobacter algeriensis

TH7C1T and

Acetomicrobium faecale

DSM 20678T (95.5, 95.5 and 95.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain D2C22T is proposed to be a representative of a novel species of the genus

Caldicoprobacter

within the order

Clostridiales

, for which the name Caldicoprobacter guelmensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D2C22T ( = DSM 24605T = JCM 17646T).
Sungkyunkwania multivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family

Flavobacteriaceae

isolated from seawater from a seaweed farm
Authors: Yoon Jung-Hoon , Gyeong Hye Ryeon , Kim Soo-In
Published: October 2012

A Gram-staining-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated PDB-16T, was isolated from seawater from a seaweed farm on the South Sea in Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Strain PDB-16T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PDB-16T formed an independent lineage within the evolutionary radiation encompassed by the family

Flavobacteriaceae

. Strain PDB-16T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain PDB-16T were phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain PDB-16T was 42.1 mol%. Strain PDB-16T exhibited very low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of less than 89.7 % to the type strains of any bacterial species with validly published names and less than 90.1 % to uncultured bacteria clones. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values and the differences in phenotypic properties between strain PDB-16T and some phylogenetically related genera were sufficient to support the proposal that strain PDB-16T should be distinguished from previously known genera of the family

Flavobacteriaceae

. On the basis of the data presented, strain PDB-16T is considered to represent a new genus and novel species, for which the name Sungkyunkwania multivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Sungkyunkwania multivorans is PDB-16T ( = KCTC 32138T = CCUG 62952T).
Mesorhizobium qingshengii sp. nov., isolated from effective nodules of Astragalus sinicus
Authors: Zheng Wen Tao , Li Ying , Wang Rui , Sui Xin Hua , Zhang Xiao Xia , Zhang Jun Jie , Wang En Tao , Chen Wen Xin
Published: October 2012

In a study on the diversity of rhizobia isolated from root nodules of Astragalus sinicus, five strains showed identical 16S rRNA gene sequences. They were related most closely to the type strains of

Mesorhizobium loti

,

Mesorhizobium shangrilense

,

Mesorhizobium ciceri

and

Mesorhizobium australicum

, with sequence similarities of 99.6–99.8 %. A polyphasic approach, including 16S–23S intergenic spacer (IGS) RFLP, comparative sequence analysis of 16S rRNA, atpD, glnII and recA genes, DNA–DNA hybridization and phenotypic tests, clustered the five isolates into a coherent group distinct from all recognized

Mesorhizobium

species. Except for strain CCBAU 33446, from which no symbiotic gene was detected, the four remaining strains shared identical nifH and nodC gene sequences and nodulated with Astragalus sinicus. In addition, these five strains showed similar but different fingerprints in IGS-RFLP and BOX-repeat-based PCR, indicating that they were not clones of the same strain. They were also distinguished from recognized

Mesorhizobium

species by several phenotypic features and fatty acid profiles. Based upon all the results, we suggest that the five strains represent a novel species for which the name Mesorhizobium qingshengii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CCBAU 33460T ( = CGMCC 1.12097T = LMG 26793T = HAMBI 3277T). The DNA G+C content of the type strain is 59.52 mol% (T
m).
Cloacibacillus porcorum sp. nov., a mucin-degrading bacterium from the swine intestinal tract and emended description of the genus

Cloacibacillus
Authors: Looft T. , Levine U. Y. , Stanton T. B.
Published: October 2012

A novel anaerobic, mesophilic, amino-acid-fermenting bacterium, designated strain CL-84T, was isolated from the swine intestinal tract on mucin-based media. Cells were curved rods (0.8–1.2×3.5–5.0 µm), stained Gram-negative and were non-motile with no evidence of spores. Strain CL-84T produced acetate, propionate, formate and butyrate as the end products of metabolism when grown on serine. Optimum growth occurred at 39 °C and pH 6.5. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0, distinguishing strain CL-84T from closely related species. The DNA G+C content of strain CL-84T was 55.1 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CL-84T shared 90–95 % similarity with characterized genera within the phylum

Synergistetes

, family

Synergistaceae

. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain CL-84T was related to, but distinct from,

Cloacibacillus evryensis

. Based on these findings, we propose that strain CL-84T represents a novel species of the genus

Cloacibacillus

. We further propose the name Cloacibacillus porcorum sp. nov. be designated for this species. The type strain is CL-84T ( = DSM 25858T = CCUG 62631T). An emended description of the genus Cloacibacillus is provided.
Cultivation and characterization of the gut symbionts of honey bees and bumble bees: description of Snodgrassella alvi gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family

Neisseriaceae

of the

Betaproteobacteria

, and Gilliamella apicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of Orbaceae fam. nov., Orbales ord. nov., a sister taxon to the order ‘

Enterobacteriales

’ of the

Gammaproteobacteria
Authors: Kwong Waldan K. , Moran Nancy A.
Published: October 2012

Gut-associated bacteria were isolated in axenic culture from the honey bee Apis mellifera and the bumble bees Bombus bimaculatus and B. vagans and are here placed in the novel genera and species Snodgrassella alvi gen. nov., sp. nov. and Gilliamella apicola gen. nov., sp. nov. Two strains from A. mellifera were characterized and are proposed as the type strains of Snodgrassella alvi (type strain wkB2T  = NCIMB 14803T  = ATCC BAA-2449T  = NRRL B-59751T) and Gilliamella apicola (type strain wkB1T  = NCIMB 14804T  = ATCC BAA-2448T), representing, respectively, phylotypes referred to as ‘Betaproteobacteria’ and ‘Gammaproteobacteria-1’/‘Gamma-1’ in earlier publications. These strains grew optimally under microaerophilic conditions, and did not grow readily under a normal atmosphere. The predominant fatty acids in both strains were palmitic acid (C16 : 0) and cis-vaccenic acid (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), and both strains had ubiquinone-8 as their major respiratory quinone. The DNA G+C contents were 41.3 and 33.6 mol% for wkB2T and wkB1T, respectively. The Snodgrassella alvi strains from honey bees and bumble bees formed a novel clade within the family

Neisseriaceae

of the

Betaproteobacteria

, showing about 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity to their closest relatives, species of

Stenoxybacter

,

Alysiella

and

Kingella

. The Gilliamella apicola strains showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence identity to

Orbus hercynius

CN3T (93.9 %) and several sequences from uncultured insect-associated bacteria. Phylogenetic reconstruction using conserved, single-copy amino acid sequences showed Gilliamella apicola as sister to the order ‘Enterobacteriales’ of the

Gammaproteobacteria

. Given its large sequence divergence from and basal position to the well-established order ‘Enterobacteriales’, we propose to place the clade encompassing Gilliamella apicola and

O. hercynius

in a new family and order, Orbaceae fam. nov. and Orbales ord. nov.
Arcanobacterium phocisimile sp. nov., isolated from harbour seals
Authors: Hijazin Muaz , Sammra Osama , Ülbegi-Mohyla Hivda , Nagib Samy , Alber Jörg , Lämmler Christoph , Kämpfer Peter , Glaeser Stefanie P. , Busse Hans-Jürgen , Kassmannhuber Johannes , Prenger-Berninghoff Ellen , Weiss Reinhard , Siebert Ursula , Hassan Abdulwahed Ahmed , Abdulmawjood Amir , Zschöck Michael
Published: October 2012

A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on two previously unidentified

Arcanobacterium

-like Gram-positive strains isolated from harbour seals. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that both bacteria belonged to the genus

Arcanobacterium

and were most closely related to

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum

CIP 103370T (98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity),

A. canis

P6775T (97.4 %),

A. phocae

DSM 10002T (97.4 %),

A. pluranimalium

M430/94/2T (95.7 %) and

A. hippocoleae

CCUG 44697T (95.5 %). The presence of the major menaquinone MK-9(H4) supported the affiliation of the isolates with the genus

Arcanobacterium

. The polar lipid profile consisted of major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified glycolipids. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and summed feature 5 (comprising C18 : 2ω6,9c and/or anteiso-C18 : 0). Physiological and biochemical tests clearly distinguished the isolates from other members of the genus

Arcanobacterium

. Based on the common origin and various physiological properties comparable to those of

A. phocae

, it is proposed that the isolates are classified as members of a novel species with the name Arcanobacterium phocisimile sp. nov. The type strain is 2698T ( = LMG 27073T  = CCM 8430T).
Algibacter aquimarinus sp. nov., isolated from a marine environment, and reclassification of

Pontirhabdus pectinivorans

as Algibacter pectinivorans comb. nov.
Authors: Park Seong Chan , Hwang Yeoung Min , Choe Han Na , Baik Keun Sik , Kim Hyangmi , Seong Chi Nam
Published: October 2012

An orange-coloured, rod-shaped, Gram-reaction-negative and aerobic bacterial strain, designated KYW589T, was isolated from seawater collected from Gwangyang Bay, Republic of Korea. The isolate required sea salts for growth. Gliding motility was observed. Flexirubin-type pigments were absent. Major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 1 G, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and C18 : 0. The main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. The DNA G+C content was 38.6±0.7 mol% (mean±sd of three determinations). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain KYW589T belongs to the family

Flavobacteriaceae

, and was related to the genus

Algibacter

. Based on data from a study using a polyphasic taxonomic approach, it is proposed that strain KYW589T represents a novel species belonging to the genus

Algibacter

, for which the name Algibacter aquimarinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KYW589T ( = KCTC 23928T  = JCM 18287T). Reclassification of

Pontirhabdus pectinivorans

Yi et al. 2011 to the genus

Algibacter

, as Algibacter pectinivorans comb. nov. (type strain JC2675T  = KACC 14153T  = JCM 17107T), is also proposed.
Yamadazyma terventina sp. nov., a yeast species of the Yamadazyma clade from Italian olive oils
Authors: Ciafardini Gino , Zullo Biagi Angelo , Antonielli Livio , Corte Laura , Roscini Luca , Cardinali Gianluigi
Published: October 2012

During an investigation of olive oil microbiota, three yeast strains were found to be divergent from currently classified yeast species according to the sequences of the D1/D2 domain of the gene encoding the rRNA large subunit (LSU) and the internal transcribed spacer region including the gene for 5.8S rRNA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these strains, designated CBS 12509, CBS 12510T and CBS 12511, represent a novel anascosporogenous species described herein as Yamadazyma terventina sp. nov; the type strain is DAPES 1924T ( = CBS 12510T = NCAIM Y.02028T). This novel species was placed in the Yamadazyma clade, with Yamadazyma scolyti, Candida conglobata and Candida aaseri as closest relatives. Y. terventina differs from the above-mentioned species in the ability to strongly assimilate dl-lactate and weakly assimilate ethanol.