bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conclusion and Outlook
Authors: Schleim Stephan
Published: July 2023

The last chapter draws a general conclusion for the whole book with a special emphasis on how, for all major topics (health, enhancement, and substances), definitions matter for how to think about, use, and regulate drugs. The problems of stigmatization and criminalization are addressed together with present challenges for drug policy, such as the opioid epidemic with its high toll of addicted, injured, and even dead people, particularly in the US. The author also presents a personal conclusion on how he himself thinks about drugs and how he instrumentalized substances to write this book.
The effect of preference and actual days spent working from home on stress and musculoskeletal pain in older workers
Authors: Oakman Jodi , Lambert Katrina A. , Weale Victoria P. , Stuckey Rwth , Graham Melissa
Published: July 2023

Objectives

The rapid shift to working from home (WFH) due to the COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique opportunity to examine the relationship between preferred and actual days spent working from home on employees musculoskeletal pain (MSP) and stress in older workers.

Methods

This study uses three waves of data from the Employees Working from Home (EWFH) study collected in May 2021 (n = 451), November 2021 (n = 358) and May 2022 (n = 320) during the COVID-19 pandemic. A generalised mixed-effect model was used to model the relationships between preference and actual days spent WFH, stress and MSP. Exploratory mediation analysis was conducted to further explore significant relationships between actual days WFH and outcomes.

Results

WFH was associated with increasing stress levels in older participants, when the actual number of days WFH increased (B: 0.051, 95% CI: 0.008, 0.094) and when the number of days WFH exceeded their preferences (B: 0.218, 95% CI: 0.087, 0.349). Actual number of days spent WFH and stress in older employees was mediated through their sense of community (Indirect effect: 0.014, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.03;p = 0.006). The relationship between WFH and MSP was variable. For older employees, WFH more than their preferred number of days was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting MSP (OR: 4.070, 95% CI: 1.204, 13.757).

Conclusions

Findings from this study support the need for flexible policies to support WFH which take into account employees preferences. For older workers, a sense of community was found to be important and proactive attempts to restore this will be important for maintain their health and supporting sustainable employment.
Neurotoxin-Derived Optical Probes for Biological and Medical Imaging
Authors: Ergen Pinar Helin , Shorter Susan , Ntziachristos Vasilis , Ovsepian Saak Victor
Published: July 2023

The superb specificity and potency of biological toxins targeting various ion channels and receptors are of major interest for the delivery of therapeutics to distinct cell types and subcellular compartments. Fused with reporter proteins or labelled with fluorophores and nanocomposites, animal toxins and their detoxified variants also offer expanding opportunities for visualisation of a range of molecular processes and functions in preclinical models, as well as clinical studies. This article presents state-of-the-art optical probes derived from neurotoxins targeting ion channels, with discussions of their applications in basic and translational biomedical research. It describes the design and production of probes and reviews their applications with advantages and limitations, with prospects for future improvements. Given the advances in imaging tools and expanding research areas benefiting from the use of optical probes, described here resources should assist the discovery process and facilitate high-precision interrogation and therapeutic interventions.
Atmospheric Turbulent Intermittency Over the Arctic Sea‐Ice Surface During the MOSAiC Expedition
Authors: Liu Changwei , Yang Qinghua , Shupe Matthew D. , Ren Yan , Peng Shijie , Han Bo , Chen Dake
Published: July 2023

Turbulent motions in the Arctic stable boundary layer are characterized by intermittency, but they are rarely investigated due to limited observations, in particular over the sea‐ice surface. In the present study, we explore the characteristics of turbulent intermittency over the Arctic sea‐ice surface using data collected during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observation for the Study of Arctic Climate expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. We first develop a new algorithm, which performs well in identifying the spectral gap over the Arctic sea‐ice surface. Then the characteristics of intermittency are investigated. It is found that the strength of intermittency increases under the conditions of light surface wind speed, small surface wind speed gradient, and strong surface air temperature gradient. The momentum flux, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux calculated by raw eddy‐covariance fluctuations are overestimated by 3%, 10%, and 24%, respectively, because submesoscale motions are included. Furthermore, the characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer structure under various intermittency conditions reveal that strong low‐level jets are favorable to surface turbulent motions that result in weak intermittency, while strong temperature inversions above the surface layer suppress surface turbulent motions and lead to strong intermittency.
Organic Carbon and Lignin Protection by Metal Oxides Versus Silicate Clay: Comparative Study Based on Wetland and Upland Soils
Authors: Zhu Erxiong , Liu Zongguang , Wang Simin , Wang Yiyun , Liu Ting , Feng Xiaojuan
Published: July 2023

Mineral binding of organic carbon (OC) is one of the key mechanisms promoting soil organic carbon (SOC) persistence, which is vital for the long‐term sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide into soils. However, the relative importance of two main types of soil minerals ‐ metal oxides and silicate clay—in SOC protection remains unclear, hampering our ability to predict and protect this important pool of persistent SOC. Here, we analyzed OC bound to metal oxides (OCmetal) versus silicate clay (OCclay) in soils from contrasting environments (i.e., wetlands and uplands) using sequential dissolution by dithionite and hydrofluoric acid. We found that OCmetal% was higher than OCclay% in both wetlands and uplands, indicating the dominance of metal oxides in SOC protection. The sum of OCmetal% and OCclay% constituted a higher fraction of SOC in wetlands than uplands, suggesting an underappreciated role of mineral (in particular, metal oxide) protection in wetland SOC preservation. Furthermore, using lignin phenol analysis in tandem, ∼23% of lignin phenols were additionally released after the removal of silicate clay, providing a potential means to assess “hidden” lignin in mineral matrices. Given the wide use of lignin phenols as tracers for terrestrial plant‐derived OC, our results suggest that the contribution of terrestrial or plant‐derived carbon to sedimentary carbon stocks or mineral‐protected SOC deserves reassessment. These findings highlight the differential role of various soil minerals in the protection of SOC and its components in contrasting terrestrial environments, which warrants better recognition for understanding the distribution and dynamics of mineral‐protected SOC.
Loss of function mutation in Ank causes aberrant mineralization and acquisition of osteoblast-like-phenotype by the cells of the intervertebral disc
Authors: Ohnishi Takashi , Tran Victoria , Sao Kimheak , Ramteke Pranay , Querido William , Barve Ruteja A. , van de Wetering Koen , Risbud Makarand V.
Published: July 2023

Pathological mineralization of intervertebral disc is debilitating and painful and linked to disc degeneration in a subset of human patients. An adenosine triphosphate efflux transporter, progressive ankylosis (ANK) is a regulator of extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate levels and plays an important role in tissue mineralization. However, the function of ANK in intervertebral disc has not been fully explored. Herein we analyzed the spinal phenotype ofAnkmutant mice (ank/ank) with attenuated ANK function. Micro-computed tomography and histological analysis showed that loss of ANK function results in the aberrant annulus fibrosus mineralization and peripheral disc fusions with cranial to caudal progression in the spine. Vertebrae inankmice exhibit elevated cortical bone mass and increased tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase-positive endplate chondrocytes with decreased subchondral endplate porosity. The acellular dystrophic mineral inclusions in the annulus fibrosus were localized adjacent to apoptotic cells and cells that acquired osteoblast-like phenotype. Fourier transform infrared spectral imaging showed that the apatite mineral in the outer annulus fibrosus had similar chemical composition to that of vertebral bone. Transcriptomic analysis of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus tissues showed changes in several biological themes with a prominent dysregulation of BMAL1/CLOCK circadian regulation. The present study provides new insights into the role of ANK in the disc tissue compartments and highlights the importance of local inorganic pyrophosphate metabolism in inhibiting the mineralization of this important connective tissue.
An open resource combining multi-contrast MRI and microscopy in the macaque brain
Authors: Howard Amy F. D. , Huszar Istvan N. , Smart Adele , Cottaar Michiel , Daubney Greg , Hanayik Taylor , Khrapitchev Alexandre A. , Mars Rogier B. , Mollink Jeroen , Scott Connor , Sibson Nicola R. , Sallet Jerome , Jbabdi Saad , Miller Karla L.
Published: July 2023

Understanding brain structure and function often requires combining data across different modalities and scales to link microscale cellular structures to macroscale features of whole brain organisation. Here we introduce the BigMac dataset, a resource combining in vivo MRI, extensive postmortem MRI and multi-contrast microscopy for multimodal characterisation of a single whole macaque brain. The data spans modalities (MRI and microscopy), tissue states (in vivo and postmortem), and four orders of spatial magnitude, from microscopy images with micrometre or sub-micrometre resolution, to MRI signals on the order of millimetres. Crucially, the MRI and microscopy images are carefully co-registered together to facilitate quantitative multimodal analyses. Here we detail the acquisition, curation, and first release of the data, that together make BigMac a unique, openly-disseminated resource available to researchers worldwide. Further, we demonstrate example analyses and opportunities afforded by the data, including improvement of connectivity estimates from ultra-high angular resolution diffusion MRI, neuroanatomical insight provided by polarised light imaging and myelin-stained histology, and the joint analysis of MRI and microscopy data for reconstruction of the microscopy-inspired connectome. All data and code are made openly available.
Sequencing trait-associated mutations to clone wheat rust-resistance gene YrNAM
Authors: Ni Fei , Zheng Yanyan , Liu Xiaoke , Yu Yang , Zhang Guangqiang , Epstein Lynn , Mao Xue , Wu Jingzheng , Yuan Cuiling , Lv Bo , Yu Haixia , Li Jinlong , Zhao Qi , Yang Qiyu , Liu Jiajun , Qi Juan , Fu Daolin , Wu Jiajie
Published: July 2023

Stripe (yellow) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), can significantly affect wheat production. Cloning resistance genes is critical for efficient and effective breeding of stripe rust resistant wheat cultivars. One resistance gene (Yr10CG) underlying the Pst resistance locus Yr10 has been cloned. However, following haplotype and linkage analyses indicate the presence of additional Pst resistance gene(s) underlying/near Yr10 locus. Here, we report the cloning of the Pst resistance gene YrNAM in this region using the method of sequencing trait-associated mutations (STAM). YrNAM encodes a non-canonical resistance protein with a NAM domain and a ZnF-BED domain. We show that both domains are required for resistance. Transgenic wheat harboring YrNAM gene driven by its endogenous promoter confers resistance to stripe rust races CYR32 and CYR33. YrNAM is an ancient gene and present in wild wheat species Aegilops longissima and Ae. sharonensis; however, it is absent in most wheat cultivars, which indicates its breeding value.
Nuclear translocation of mitochondrial dehydrogenases as an adaptive cardioprotective mechanism
Authors: Srivastava Shubhi , Gajwani Priyanka , Jousma Jordan , Miyamoto Hiroe , Kwon Youjeong , Jana Arundhati , Toth Peter T. , Yan Gege , Ong Sang-Ging , Rehman Jalees
Published: July 2023

Chemotherapy-induced cardiac damage remains a leading cause of death amongst cancer survivors. Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is mediated by severe mitochondrial injury, but little is known about the mechanisms by which cardiomyocytes adaptively respond to the injury. We observed the translocation of selected mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle dehydrogenases to the nucleus as an adaptive stress response to anthracycline-cardiotoxicity in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and in vivo. The expression of nuclear-targeted mitochondrial dehydrogenases shifts the nuclear metabolic milieu to maintain their function both in vitro and in vivo. This protective effect is mediated by two parallel pathways: metabolite-induced chromatin accessibility and AMP-kinase (AMPK) signaling. The extent of chemotherapy-induced cardiac damage thus reflects a balance between mitochondrial injury and the protective response initiated by the nuclear pool of mitochondrial dehydrogenases. Our study identifies nuclear translocation of mitochondrial dehydrogenases as an endogenous adaptive mechanism that can be leveraged to attenuate cardiomyocyte injury.
A comparative analysis of the effects of containment policies on the epidemiological manifestation of the COVID-19 pandemic across nine European countries
Authors: Podrecca Chiara , Parimbelli Enea , Pala Daniele , Cheng Cindy , Messerschmidt Luca , Büthe Tim , Bellazzi Riccardo
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a catastrophic event that has seriously endangered the world’s population. Governments have largely been unprepared to deal with such an unprecedented calamity, partially due to the lack of sufficient or adequately fine-grained data necessary for forecasting the pandemic’s evolution. To fill this gap, researchers worldwide have been collecting data about different aspects of COVID-19’s evolution and government responses to them so as to provide the foundation for informative models and tools that can be used to mitigate the current pandemic and possibly prevent future ones. Indeed, since the early stages of the pandemic, a number of research initiatives were launched with this goal, including the PERISCOPE (Pan-European Response to the ImpactS of COVID-19 and future Pandemics and Epidemics) Project, funded by the European Commission. PERISCOPE aims to investigate the broad socio-economic and behavioral impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the goal of making Europe more resilient and prepared for future large-scale risks. The purpose of this study, carried out as part of the PERISCOPE project, is to provide a first European-level analysis of the effect of government policies on the spread of the virus. To do so, we assessed the relationship between a novel index, the Policy Intensity Index, and four epidemiological variables collected by the European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, and then applied a comprehensive Pan-European population model based on Multilevel Vector Autoregression. This model aims at identifying effects that are common to some European countries while treating country-specific policies as covariates, explaining the different evolution of the pandemic in nine selected countries due to data availability: Spain, France, Netherlands, Latvia, Slovenia, Greece, Ireland, Cyprus, Estonia. Results show that specific policies’ effectiveness tend to vary consistently within the different countries, although in general policies related to Health Monitoring and Health Resources are the most effective for all countries.
The effects of wholegrain processing on appetite: randomised crossover trial in adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Reynolds Andrew Nathan , Diep Pham Huyen Tran , Åberg Sebastian , Neumann Silke , Mann Jim
Published: July 2023

We compared hunger and satiety outcomes following two-week interventions of less or more processed wholegrain foods.
Building in biologically appropriate multifunctionality in aqueous copper indium selenide-based quantum dots
Authors: Yang Xiling , Li Yun , Zhang Peisen , Guo Lingfei , Li Xiaoqi , Shu Yiyang , Jiang Kuiyu , Hou Yi , Jing Lihong , Jiao Mingxia
Published: July 2023

Mn-doped Zn–Cu–In–Se@ZnS quantum dots with intrinsic NIR emission, paramagnetism, and photo/chemodynamic activity have been successfully achieved through a straightforward aqueous phase approach.
Amphiphilic polymeric nanoparticles enable homogenous rhodium-catalysed NH insertion reactions in living cells
Authors: Sathyan Anjana , Loman Tessa , Deng Linlin , Palmans Anja R. A.
Published: July 2023

Hydrophobic dirhodium complexes embedded into amphiphilic nanoparticles catalyse efficiently the in vitro formation of fluorescent and cytotoxic quinoxalines.
Interfacial chemistries in metal–organic framework (MOF)/covalent–organic framework (COF) hybrids
Authors: Ye Lin , Cen Wanglai , Chu Yinghao , Sun Dengrong
Published: July 2023

Different interfacial interactions in MOFs/COFs hybrids including the imine bond, amide bond, coordination bond, π–π stacking interaction and Coulomb force are reviewed for inspiring more efforts in diversifying this hybrid family.
Revealing the physical properties of chlorine-substituted poly(acetylene)
Authors: Cho Youngsang , Seo Jinwon , Lu Sherilyn J. , Kang Songsu , Kim Yeram , Bielawski Christopher W.
Published: July 2023

Novel conjugated polymers were synthesized by polymerizing cis-3,4-dichlorocyclobutene followed by elimination.
Anionic polymerization and transport of diethyl methylidene malonate on polyolefin copolymer surfaces
Authors: Rehmann Kelsi M. S. , Klier John , Schiffman Jessica D.
Published: July 2023

Initiator concentration impacts monomer transport rate. Grafting from substrates with minimal surface treatment.
Outer coordination sphere influences on cofactor maturation and substrate oxidation by cytochrome P460
Authors: Bollmeyer Melissa M. , Majer Sean H. , Coleman Rachael E. , Lancaster Kyle M.
Published: July 2023

Spectroscopy and kinetics are used to evaluate the role of the secondary coordination sphere in substrate/product binding as well as reactivity in the nitrification enzyme cytochrome P460.
Unified and pluralistic ideals for data sharing and reuse in biodiversity
Authors: Sterner Beckett , Elliott Steve , Gilbert Edward E , Franz Nico M
Published: July 2023

How should billions of species observations worldwide be shared and made reusable? Many biodiversity scientists assume the ideal solution is to standardize all datasets according to a single, universal classification and aggregate them into a centralized, global repository. This ideal has known practical and theoretical limitations, however, which justifies investigating alternatives. To support better community deliberation and normative evaluation, we develop a novel conceptual framework showing how different organizational models, regulative ideals and heuristic strategies are combined to form shared infrastructures supporting data reuse. The framework is anchored in a general definition of data pooling as an activity of making a taxonomically standardized body of information available for community reuse via digital infrastructure. We describe and illustrate unified and pluralistic ideals for biodiversity data pooling and show how communities may advance toward these ideals using different heuristic strategies. We present evidence for the strengths and limitations of the unification and pluralistic ideals based on systemic relationships of power, responsibility and benefit they establish among stakeholders, and we conclude the pluralistic ideal is better suited for biodiversity data.
The ubiquitin codes in cellular stress responses
Authors: Sheng Xiangpeng , Xia Zhixiong , Yang Hanting , Hu Ronggui
Published: July 2023

Ubiquitination/ubiquitylation, one of the most fundamental post-translational modifications, regulates almost every critical cellular process in eukaryotes. Emerging evidence has shown that essential components of numerous biological processes undergo ubiquitination in mammalian cells upon exposure to diverse stresses, from exogenous factors to cellular reactions, causing a dazzling variety of functional consequences. Various forms of ubiquitin signals generated by ubiquitylation events in specific milieus, known as ubiquitin codes, constitute an intrinsic part of myriad cellular stress responses. These ubiquitination events, leading to proteolytic turnover of the substrates or just switch in functionality, initiate, regulate, or supervise multiple cellular stress-associated responses, supporting adaptation, homeostasis recovery, and survival of the stressed cells. In this review, we attempted to summarize the crucial roles of ubiquitination in response to different environmental and intracellular stresses, while discussing how stresses modulate the ubiquitin system. This review also updates the most recent advances in understanding ubiquitination machinery as well as different stress responses and discusses some important questions that may warrant future investigation.
A novel machine learning algorithm selects proteome signature to specifically identify cancer exosomes
Authors: Li Bingrui , Kugeratski Fernanda G. , Kalluri Raghu
Published: July 2023

Non-invasive early cancer diagnosis remains challenging due to the low sensitivity and specificity of current diagnostic approaches. Exosomes are membrane-bound nanovesicles secreted by all cells that contain DNA, RNA, and proteins that are representative of the parent cells. This property, along with the abundance of exosomes in biological fluids makes them compelling candidates as biomarkers. However, a rapid and flexible exosome-based diagnostic method to distinguish human cancers across cancer types in diverse biological fluids is yet to be defined. Here, we describe a novel machine learning-based computational method to distinguish cancers using a panel of proteins associated with exosomes. Employing datasets of exosome proteins from human cell lines, tissue, plasma, serum and urine samples from a variety of cancers, we identify Clathrin Heavy Chain (CLTC), Ezrin, (EZR), Talin-1 (TLN1), Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) and Moesin (MSN) as highly abundant universal biomarkers for exosomes and define three panels of pan-cancer exosome proteins that distinguish cancer exosomes from other exosomes and aid in classifying cancer subtypes employing random forest models. All the models using proteins from plasma, serum, or urine-derived exosomes yield AUROC scores higher than 0.91 and demonstrate superior performance compared to Support Vector Machine, K Nearest Neighbor Classifier and Gaussian Naive Bayes. This study provides a reliable protein biomarker signature associated with cancer exosomes with scalable machine learning capability for a sensitive and specific non-invasive method of cancer diagnosis.
Luxury brands and corporate social responsibility (CSR): exploring the differences between traditional and new luxury
Authors: Kwon Jung Eun , Kim Jongdae , Kim Sang-Hoon
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aims to comprehend luxury brands' corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies. In addition to facing a demand for new CSR strategies (consumer-centric CSR), changes in CSR discourse among luxury brands are observed. This study examines how CSR-related and luxury-related agendas relate in the news media, especially concerning the difference between traditional and new luxury brands.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 117,171 fashion-related news articles were collected from January 2016 to December 2020. The word2vec method was used to determine the relationship between CSR and luxury agendas.

Findings

The results indicate that company-centric CSR is more prominent with traditional luxury brands, while consumer-centric CSR is more relevant for new luxury brands. In addition, specific CSR attributes and luxury-related attributes are associated with media discourse, which means that CSR and luxury are compatible.

Originality/value

Studies on CSR in the luxury industry are not extensive in the literature. This study addresses this gap through a unique framework that combines agenda-setting theory and existing CSR literature and applies them to the luxury industry. Specifically, this study captures the development of each construct (company-centric CSR to consumer-centric CSR and traditional luxury to new luxury) and identifies the specific relationships between them. This result provides a novel view of the luxury industry indicating that it has evolved to encompass CSR-related values. The empirical results also offer practical implications for luxury marketing.
Over a decade of maqashid sharia studies: a bibliometric analysis and direction for future research
Authors: Tumewang Yunice Karina , Rahmawati Dewi Herlina , Amin Hanudin
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to build a relationship between the quantitative and structural indicators of maqashid sharia studies produced from bibliometric analysis and the conceptual discussion developed through a thorough review of selected key literature.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses bibliometric analysis, collecting information drawn from 219 articles published in 68 journals during the period of 2006–2022. This study uses VOSviewer, RStudio, Microsoft Excel, and an examination of research time periods using the Scopus database to illustrate the citation analysis and keyword map. It is also strengthened by content analysis of selected studies.

Findings

The main research theme found in this study is the application of maqashid sharia in Islamic banks, with Islamic banks and Islamic finance among the most frequently used keywords. Meanwhile, the geographical spread of maqashid sharia research has reflected its universal acceptance, as it has spread across both Muslim-dominant and non-Muslim-dominant countries. Besides, maqashid sharia is found to be an extremely important subject for ensuring the ethical dimension of Islamic finance products and services, a more inclusive human development index, and contributing to the international agenda of Sustainable Development Goals. Lastly, future research is expected to broaden it into a multi-dimensional horizon, with several recommendations offered to enrich the understanding of maqashid sharia.

Practical implications

The findings of this study can be beneficial to multiple stakeholders in Islamic finance industry, including the management of Islamic banks, who can enhance the values of maqashid sharia in designing their products/services, and the regulators, who can formulate regulatory frameworks which are reflective of maqashid sharia principles.

Social implications

This study will assist future scholars in this field to formulate and design exciting research ideas and models to address the deficiencies found in the current implementation of maqashid sharia within Islamic finance industry.

Originality/value

The primary contribution of this study is to provide comprehensive review and discussion of selected significant literature on maqashid sharia and give direction for future research. In addition, this study also extends and incorporates the results of bibliometrics using the recent maqashid sharia studies published at the end of 2022.
Draft genome sequence of
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
subsp.
plantarum
strain HF43, a human gut-associated potential probiotic
Authors: Idrees Maryam , Atiq Naima , Zahra Rabaab , Imran Muhammad , Ghazanfar Shakira
Published: July 2023

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
adapts to a wide range of ecological niches, including the human gut. Numerous health-promoting benefits have been associated with
L
.
plantarum
strains. Motivated for the development of human-origin target-based probiotics with known genetic markers, we report the draft genome sequence of human gut-associated
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
subsp.
plantarum
HF43.
Ideal Duration of Pretreatment Using a Gelatin Hydrogel Nonwoven Fabric Prior to Subcutaneous Islet Transplantation
Authors: Saito Ryusuke , Inagaki Akiko , Nakamura Yasuhiro , Imura Takehiro , Kanai Norifumi , Mitsugashira Hiroaki , Endo Yukiko , Katano Takumi , Suzuki Shoki , Tokodai Kazuaki , Kamei Takashi , Unno Michiaki , Watanabe Kimiko , Tabata Yasuhiko , Goto Masafumi
Published: July 2023

Subcutaneous islet transplantation is a promising treatment for severe diabetes; however, poor engraftment hinders its prevalence. We previously revealed that a gelatin hydrogel nonwoven fabric (GHNF) markedly improved subcutaneous islet engraftment in comparison with intraportal islet transplantation. We herein investigated whether the duration of pretreatment using GHNF affected the outcome of subcutaneous islet transplantation. A silicone spacer with GHNF was implanted into the subcutaneous space of healthy mice at 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks before transplantation, and then diabetes was induced 7 days before transplantation. Syngeneic islets were transplanted into the pretreated space. Blood glucose, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance, immunohistochemistry, inflammatory mediators, and gene expression were evaluated. The 6-week group showed significantly better blood glucose changes than the other groups ( P < 0.05). The cure rate of the 6-week group (60.0%) was the highest among the groups (2-week = 0%, 4-week = 50.0%, 8-week = 15.4%). The number of von Willebrand factor (vWF)–positive vessels in the 6-week group was significantly higher than in the other groups at pre-islet and post-islet transplantation ( P < 0.01 [vs 2-and 4-week groups] and P < 0.05 [vs all other groups], respectively). Notably, this beneficial effect was also observed when GHNF was implanted into diabetic mice injected with streptozotocin 7 days before GHNF implantation. The positive rates for laminin, collagen III, and collagen IV increased as the duration of pretreatment became longer and were significantly higher in the 8-week group ( P < 0.01). Inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-1b, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and interferon (IFN)-γ, were gradually downregulated according to the duration of GHNF pretreatment and re-elevated in the 8-week group. Taken together, the duration of GHNF pretreatment apparently had an impact on the outcomes of subcutaneous islet transplantation, and 6 weeks appeared to be the ideal duration. Islet graft revascularization, extracellular matrix compensation of the islet capsule, and the inflammatory status at the subcutaneous space would be crucial factors for successful subcutaneous islet transplantation.
Comparative transcriptome profiling of Eimeria tenella in various developmental stages and functional analysis of an ApiAP2 transcription factor exclusively expressed during sporogony
Authors: Chen Linlin , Tang Xinming , Sun Pei , Hu Dandan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Chaoyue , Chen Junmin , Liu Jie , Gao Yang , Hao Zhenkai , Zhang Ning , Chen Wenxuan , Xie Fujie , Suo Xun , Liu Xianyong
Published: July 2023

Background

The apicomplexan parasites Eimeria spp. are the causative agents of coccidiosis, a disease with a significant global impact on the poultry industry. The complex life cycle of Eimeria spp. involves exogenous (sporogony) and endogenous (schizogony and gametogony) stages. Unfortunately, the genetic regulation of these highly dynamic processes, particularly for genes involved in specific developmental phases, is not well understood.

Methods

In this study, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis to identify expressed genes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at seven time points representing different developmental stages of Eimeria tenella. We then performed K-means clustering along with co-expression analysis to identify functionally enriched gene clusters. Additionally, we predicted apicomplexan AP2 transcription factors in E. tenella using bioinformatics methods. Finally, we generated overexpression and knockout strains of ETH2_0411800 to observe its impact on E. tenella development.

Results

In total, we identified 7329 genes that are expressed during various developmental stages, with 3342 genes exhibiting differential expression during development. Using K-means clustering along with co-expression analysis, we identified clusters functionally enriched for oocyte meiosis, cell cycle, and signaling pathway. Among the 53 predicted ApiAP2 transcription factors, ETH2_0411800 was found to be exclusively expressed during sporogony. The ETH2_0411800 overexpression and knockout strains did not exhibit significant differences in oocyst size or output compared to the parental strain, while the resulting ETH2_0411800 knockout parasite showed a relatively small oocyst output.

Conclusions

The findings of our research suggest that ETH2_0411800 is not essential for the growth and development of E. tenella. Our study provides insights into the gene expression dynamics and is a valuable resource for exploring the roles of transcription factor genes in regulating the development of Eimeria parasites.

Graphical Abstract
Seismic-electromagnetic projection attribute: Application in integrating seismic quantitative interpretation and 3D controlled-source electromagnetic-magnetotelluric broadband data inversion for robust ranking and sweet spotting of hydrocarbon prospects in offshore northwest Borneo
Authors: Saleh Ahmad Shahir , Meju Max A. , Mackie Randall L. , Andersen Eric , Ismail Nur Azwin , Nawawi Mohd
Published: July 2023

We introduce a new seismic-electromagnetic (EM) projection (SEMP) attribute to improve the characterization of pay sands by integrating seismic P impedance and S impedance with electrical resistivity measurements leveraging on the high sensitivity of resistivity to fluid saturation and the capability of seismic data to delineate thin beds. Porosity is predicted using an extended elastic impedance (EEI) approach to reduce the risk of encountering SEMP anomalies related to low porosity. First, we determine the seismic-EM integration concept using well logs from a well that encountered hydrocarbons in a deepwater fold belt in offshore Borneo. The SEMP logs supported by the EEI log successfully delineate the pay zones in the well. Second, we extend the approach in three dimensions and evaluate its effectiveness using large-size seismic controlled-source EM (CSEM) and magnetotelluric (MT) data from the same area. The seismic data are inverted to produce P- and S-impedance volumes. EEI volume calibrated to total porosity also is produced. We then perform 3D anisotropic cross-gradient joint CSEM and MT inversion of a large-size survey comprising 647 receivers with receiver spacing of 1.5–3 km at prospect to regional scale. The SEMP volumes computed using the seismic and CSEM-MT inversion results are then interpreted with the EEI volume to identify possible geobodies of pay sand. Resistive geobodies with low porosity are assigned higher risks because they are likely due to compaction rather than hydrocarbon presence, whereas geobodies with high porosity are assigned lower risks and identified as potential sweet spots. The geobodies need to be corroborated with independent geologic studies to mature them into exploration prospects and assess their associated risk and potential. Although a vertical transverse isotropy approximation is used in our CSEM-MT study, the SEMP concept also is applicable to cases considering tilted transverse isotropy or arbitrary anisotropy where available and operational for such large-size exploration data.
A Sixth-Century CE Drought in Arabia New Palaeoclimate Data and Some Historical Implications
Authors: Haldon John , Fleitmann Dominik
Published: July 2023

Establishing plausible causal associations between the impact of climate and/or environment and past human societies presents many challenges, as the case of the decline of the S. Arabian kingdom of Himyar in the sixth century CE indicates. Evidence from a new high-resolution stalagmite record for the last 2,600 years shows that a period of drought in the early sixth century, hardly mentioned in the sources, was of unusual duration and severity. We argue that, while this likely contributed to undermine the sociopolitical resilience of Himyar and thus contributed to the societal changes in the region from the 520s to the late sixth/early seventh century, identifying the exact causal relationships involved is fraught with difficulty. 1
Circular economy in construction: A systematic review of knowledge gaps towards a novel research framework
Authors: Gasparri Eugenia , Arasteh Samaneh , Kuru Aysu , Stracchi Paolo , Brambilla Arianna
Published: July 2023

The current growing interest in the circular economy (CE) offers extensive opportunities to promote the adoption of more sustainable consumption and production practices across industries, which is a top priority in achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. The construction sector’s shift towards circular models is key to reducing carbon emissions and resource depletion but brings along considerable complexities and challenges, given the industry`s fragmented and conservative nature. Research on CE in construction has been growing exponentially over the past few years, producing a substantial amount of new knowledge in a short time. This study conducted a systematic review to map and synthesise the reported knowledge gaps in the literature. The analysis included forty-one (41) articles published between 2017 and 2022. One hundred fifty-five (155) knowledge gaps were identified and categorised according to seven (7) CE research dimensions—economic, environmental, governmental, methodological, societal, sectoral, and technological—and twenty-six (26) thematic sub-clusters. Findings critically analyse knowledge gaps’ frequency of occurrence over time and across dimensions. A new framework for CE implementation is proposed to support critical discussion and identification of future research trajectories towards a systemic transition to a circular economy in the construction sector. The framework identifies three innovation domains: circular product, circular process, and circular platform.
Machine learning models for diagnosis and prognosis of Parkinson's disease using brain imaging: general overview, main challenges, and future directions
Authors: Garcia Santa Cruz Beatriz , Husch Andreas , Hertel Frank
Published: July 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive and complex neurodegenerative disorder associated with age that affects motor and cognitive functions. As there is currently no cure, early diagnosis and accurate prognosis are essential to increase the effectiveness of treatment and control its symptoms. Medical imaging, specifically magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has emerged as a valuable tool for developing support systems to assist in diagnosis and prognosis. The current literature aims to improve understanding of the disease's structural and functional manifestations in the brain. By applying artificial intelligence to neuroimaging, such as deep learning (DL) and other machine learning (ML) techniques, previously unknown relationships and patterns can be revealed in this high-dimensional data. However, several issues must be addressed before these solutions can be safely integrated into clinical practice. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent ML techniques analyzed for the automatic diagnosis and prognosis of PD in brain MRI. The main challenges in applying ML to medical diagnosis and its implications for PD are also addressed, including current limitations for safe translation into hospitals. These challenges are analyzed at three levels: disease-specific, task-specific, and technology-specific. Finally, potential future directions for each challenge and future perspectives are discussed.
From bedside to the bench: patient-specific hiPSC-EC models uncover endothelial dysfunction in genetic cardiomyopathies
Authors: Rabino Martina , Sommariva Elena , Zacchigna Serena , Pompilio Giulio
Published: July 2023

Genetic cardiomyopathies are a group of inherited disorders in which myocardial structure and function are damaged. Many of these pathologies are rare and present with heterogenous phenotypes, thus personalized models are required to completely uncover their pathological mechanisms and develop valuable therapeutic strategies. Both cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, differentiated from patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells, represent the most studied human cardiac cell models in the context of genetic cardiomyopathies. While endothelial dysfunction has been recognized as a possible pathogenetic mechanism, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells are less studied, despite they constitute a suitable model to specifically dissect the role of the dysfunctional endothelium in the development and progression of these pathologies. In this review, we summarize the main studies in which human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells are used to investigate endothelial dysfunction in genetic-based cardiomyopathies to highlight new potential targets exploitable for therapeutic intervention, and we discuss novel perspectives that encourage research in this direction.
From identification to forecasting: the potential of image recognition and artificial intelligence for aphid pest monitoring
Authors: Batz Philipp , Will Torsten , Thiel Sebastian , Ziesche Tim Mark , Joachim Christoph
Published: July 2023

Insect monitoring has gained global public attention in recent years in the context of insect decline and biodiversity loss. Monitoring methods that can collect samples over a long period of time and independently of human influences are of particular importance. While these passive collection methods, e.g. suction traps, provide standardized and comparable data sets, the time required to analyze the large number of samples and trapped specimens is high. Another challenge is the necessary high level of taxonomic expertise required for accurate specimen processing. These factors create a bottleneck in specimen processing. In this context, machine learning, image recognition and artificial intelligence have emerged as promising tools to address the shortcomings of manual identification and quantification in the analysis of such trap catches. Aphids are important agricultural pests that pose a significant risk to several important crops and cause high economic losses through feeding damage and transmission of plant viruses. It has been shown that long-term monitoring of migrating aphids using suction traps can be used to make, adjust and improve predictions of their abundance so that the risk of plant viruses spreading through aphids can be more accurately predicted. With the increasing demand for alternatives to conventional pesticide use in crop protection, the need for predictive models is growing, e.g. as a basis for resistance development and as a measure for resistance management. In this context, advancing climate change has a strong influence on the total abundance of migrating aphids as well as on the peak occurrences of aphids within a year. Using aphids as a model organism, we demonstrate the possibilities of systematic monitoring of insect pests and the potential of future technical developments in the subsequent automated identification of individuals through to the use of case data for intelligent forecasting models. Using aphids as an example, we show the potential for systematic monitoring of insect pests through technical developments in the automated identification of individuals from static images (i.e. advances in image recognition software). We discuss the potential applications with regard to the automatic processing of insect case data and the development of intelligent prediction models.
Chitosan-induced biotic stress tolerance and crosstalk with phytohormones, antioxidants, and other signalling molecules
Authors: Mukarram Mohammad , Ali Jamin , Dadkhah-Aghdash Hamed , Kurjak Daniel , Kačík František , Ďurkovič Jaroslav
Published: July 2023

Several polysaccharides augment plant growth and productivity and galvanise defence against pathogens. Such elicitors have ecological superiority over traditional growth regulators, considering their amplified biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioactivity, non-toxicity, ubiquity, and inexpensiveness. Chitosan is a chitin-derived polysaccharide that has recently been spotlighted among plant scientists. Chitosan supports plant growth and development and protects against microbial entities such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, and insects. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of chitosan’s antimicrobial and insecticidal potential with recent updates. These effects are further explored with the possibilities of chitosan’s active correspondence with phytohormones such as jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), indole acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellic acid (GA). The stress-induced redox shift in cellular organelles could be substantiated by the intricate participation of chitosan with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant metabolism, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD). Furthermore, we propose how chitosan could be intertwined with cellular signalling through Ca2+, ROS, nitric oxide (NO), transcription factors (TFs), and defensive gene activation.
Weather Impacts on Indoor Radon Short-Term Measurements in Switzerland
Authors: Rey Joan F. , Goyette Stéphane , Goyette Pernot Joëlle
Published: July 2023

Radon is a natural and radioactively well-known carcinogenic indoor air pollutant. Since 2020, a radon short-term proactive methodology has been proposed by Swiss authorities, which aims to evaluate the probability of overpassing the national reference value. This study aims to assess the influence of different weather parameters on indoor radon levels monitored using this methodology. To this end, different statistical tools are used, such as correlations, auto-correlations, cross-correlations, and multiple linear regressions between meteorological parameters and indoor radon levels. We show a strong influence of weather conditions on indoor radon levels in occupied, but especially unoccupied spaces. Outdoor air temperature, followed by atmospheric pressure, was identified as the most significant parameter impacting indoor radon levels. Moreover, meteorological conditions monitored five days prior to the beginning of the radon measurements might affect radon levels. We come to the conclusion that it is of paramount importance to take these meteorological conditions into account when analyzing the results of short-term measurements, and more specifically, to consider the evolution of the weather conditions five days prior to the radon measurement. This paper helps to ensure the relevance of this short-term measurement method available in Switzerland.