bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kualitas Silase Ransum Komplit Berbahan Baku Pakan Lokal
Authors: Allaily Allaily , Ramli Nahrowi , Ridwan R.
Published: February 2016

The quality of complete ration silage use traditional local feed materialsABSTRACT. The research was conducted to assess the complete ration silage products use traditional local feed materials of high water levels are currently still problematic in storage. The technology used is in a state of anaerobic fermentation technology. This study uses a random group, with 4 levels of water treatment (30, 40, 50, and 60%) and 4 groups of storage time (1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks) at room temperature, each unit of treatment was repeated 3 times. Silage made in a glass bottle filled with 200-300 g of feed a complete and total BAL plus Lactobacillus plantarum 105 cfu per gram of silage. Physically and chemically, products made from raw silage rations complete local feed has characteristics that are not much different from the silage forage. Water content and storage time is very significant (P 0.01) lower pH and increased total acids.
Pengaruh Berbagai Bahan Litter Terhadap Konsentrasi Ammonia Udara Ambient kandang dan Performan Ayam Broiler
Authors: Ibrahim Sulaiman , Allaily Allaily
Published: February 2016

The effect of different litter materials on ammonia concentration of the air ambient stall and broiler performanceABSTRACT. The study was conducted to observe the effect of ammonia concentration of broiler chicken coop air to the treatment various types of litter. High ammonia concentrations would interfere with performance of broiler chickens and become a problem for the environment. A good litter quality is expected to address the problem of ammonia that occur in the broiler chicken coop. This study uses a completely randomized, with 5 litter treatments. T0 without treatment repose only black plastic as litter, litter composition T1 100% bran, 50% T2 litter composition husks and Charcoal Shell 50%, T3 50% 50% husk litter composition and zeolite 50%, T4 25% husks litter composition, 25% charcoal, 25% zeolite and 25% of the land. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, each test consisted of eight chickens. Parameters observed in the form of ammonia concentration of air cages at week four, weekly feed intake, weight gain per week, the final weight, feed conversion, and mortality. The results indicate different types of litter treatment was very real influence of ammonia concentration of air enclosure. T4 treatment with a 1:1 blend of each component of the litter that is used successfully absorb such a large aerial ammonia, which indicates the ammonia content of the air is the smallest compared with other treatment 4. While the treatment without litter showed a very large aerial ammonia compared with the treatment. Feed consumption results also showed that the treatment that produces a small value causes ammonia to be markedly higher consumption. Values for weight gain, final weight, feed conversion, and mortality are not significantly affected by various types of litter treatment.
Pengaruh Metode Thawing terhadap Kualitas Semen Beku Sapi Bali, Sapi Madura dan Sapi PO
Authors: Salim Muhammad Ade , Susilawati Trinil , Wahyuningsih Sri
Published: February 2016

Effect of thawing technique to quality frozen semen spermatozoa in bali, madura and PO cattleABSTRACT. The experiment was conducted from November 2011 to January 2012 in BBIB Singosari. The study aims was to determine the effect of thawing techniques on the quality frozen bovine sperm Bali, Madura and PO cattle. This material used 90 frozen straw of three cattle from the three breed. The method is an experiment with three treatments and 10 replications for frozen to thawing in temperature water is 5 0C of duration 60 seconds, 15 0C duration 30 seconds and 37 0C duration 15 seconds. Variables observed in this study were sperm quality are motility, viability and abnormality. Data in percentage transformed in to arcus sinus were analyzed using Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with replication as blocks of 10x. The results showed the thawing at 37 0C duration 15 seconds to highly significant effect (P0,01) viability and motility and significant effect (P0.05). The abnormalities, no significant effect (P0,05). Breed cattle not significant effect to quality. It can be concluded that thawing techniques impact the motility and viability in frozen bovine semen spermatozoa Bali, Madura and PO cattle. Thawing using 37 0C temperature water with duration of 15 seconds is the best method to obtain the quality of spermatozoa post thawing frozen sperm.
Pengaruh Penambahan Enzim Fitase Pada Ransum terhadap Berat Relatif Organ Pencernaan Ayam Broiler
Authors: Sari Meisji Liana , Ginting F. Gurki N
Published: February 2016

The effect of supplementation phytase enzyme into poultry feed on the relative weight of broiler's digestive organs ABSTRACT. The objective of this research was to know the effect of enzim phytase supplementation on relative organ digestion broiler. The research was done for weeks at Animal Fees and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University in Mei to Juni 2008 utilized. A Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments {P0 (100% basal diet), P1 (100% basal diet + 500 FTU/kg), P2 (100% basal diet + 600 FTU/kg), P3 (100% basal diet + 700 FTU/kg), P4 (100% basal diet + 800 FTU/kg),P5 (100% basal diet + 900 FTU/kg)}. Each treatments was replicated for 3 times. The parameters are final body weight, (%) proventrikulus, (%) relatif intestine, (%) pancreas and (%) liver weigh broiler chickens . The research showed that adding enzim phytase has join no significant effect (P0.05) on the body, liver, proventrikulus, ventrikulus weight, bur it showed significant effect on relative intestines and pancreas weight (P0.05) of broiler chickens . the average weight of body weight was 1117.50-1873.00 gram, proventrikulus was 0,44-0,64% ventrikulus was 1.30-2.32%, intestine was 2.74-4.39%, pancreas was 0,21-0,32% and liver was 2,35-3.01%.
Pemberian Kulit Biji Kopi dalam Ransum Sapi Aceh Terhadap Kecernaan secara In Vitro
Authors: Usman Yunasri , Husin M. Nur , Ratni Riantia
Published: February 2016

The supplementation peel coffee beans in the ration Aceh cattle on in vitro digestibilityABSTRACT. This research was carried out at the Laboratory of  Feed and Animal Nutrition,  Department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture Syiah Kuala University for  73 days from December 26, 2011 to March 7, 2012. The purpose of this experiment was to find out the effects of the coffee peeling on in vitro digestibility of Aceh beef cattle. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied in this experiment consisting of 4 treatments  namely levels of  coffee peeling on basal diet   (R0=0%, R1=10%, R2=20%, R3=30%). Each treatment consists of 5 replications. Parameters observed in this research were dry and organic matter digestibility. The results showed that dry matter digestibility was not significantly different (P0,05)amongst treatments  54,42%, 49,32%, 45,97%, 42,08%) for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively.  On the other hand, organic metter digestibility was significantly different (P0,05) in which R2 treatment was the highest and R0 treatment was the lowest (54,59%).
Penyusunan Faktor Koreksi Produksi Susu Sapi Perah
Authors: Santosa Setya Agus , Sudewo Anjang Taruno Ari , Susanto Agus
Published: February 2016

(Creating milk production correction factors of dairy cattle)ABSTRACT. The aim of the research was to obtain the correction factors of non-genetic effects that have influence on milk production of dairy cows. The research used a survey method on milk records of dairy cows kept in Dairy Cattle Breeding Center (BBPTU) of Baturraden. The data taken was only those relevant with the research objective. The data examined were as many as 324 production records of 108 dairy cows which had completed first three lactation, originated from 36 sires. Non-genetic factors studied were season, lactation period, number of days in milk of a lactation and age at birth. The effects of non-genetic factors were estimated through Stepwise multiple regression method. Effect of the number of days in milk of a lactation was highly significant (P ≤ 0.01), age at birth was significant (P ≤ 0.05), and season and the lactation period were not significant (P0.05) on milk production of dairy cows. Variables that have effect on milk production were then assigned the correction factors. Correction factors were derived from the least square mean (LSM) of the actual milk production. The correction factors were obtained by comparing the base LSM to the created LSM values on particular classes. The corrected milk production was obtained by multiplying the corresponding correction factor obtained with the actual milk production. Based on the study, the local correction factors lower the milk production variability of dairy cows.
Tingkah Laku Makan Sapi Peranakan Ongole yang Diberi Pakan Berbasis Jerami Padi Amoniasi Dengan Metode Pemberian yang Berbeda
Authors: Bata Muhamad , Sodiq Akhmad
Published: February 2016

(Feeding behavior of local cattle fed based ammoniation rice straw with different feeding method)ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding methods on feeding behavior include the frequency and duration of eating time, the frequency and the duration of rumination for one day, night and daytime. The study used twenty of local cattle feeder males (Peranakan Ongole) with an age range of 1.5 – 2 years old and initial weight were 200-273 kg. They were fed randomly with four feeding methods of top concentrate, component feeding, total mixed ration (TMR) and free choice. Thus, completely randomized design was used for this study. Data length of eating and rumination time was analyzed using analysis of variance and continuities by honestly significant difference test (HSD). The frequency of eating and rumination were analyzed using Chi square. The results showed that the treatments affect significantly (P 0.05) on spent of eating night; rumination daytime and night spent, but had no effect (P0,05) on spent of eating one day, spent of eating daytime and spent of rumination  for one day. Rumination frequency one day, daytime, and night were not affected (P 0.05) by feeding method. Night rumination of feeder cattle groups fed with TMR method were longer ( P 0.05 ) compared to feeder cattle groups fed with Component Feeding and Free Choice method, but it was similar ( P 0.05 ) to feeder cattle groups fed with Top Concentrate. Between the groups feeder cattle fed with Component feeding and Free Choice were not significantly different ( P 0.05 ).
Pengaruh Penambahan Molases dan Isolat Bakteri Asam Laktat dari Cairan Rumen Sapi PO Terhadap Kualitas Silase Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum)
Authors: Jasin Ismail
Published: February 2016

(The effect of molasses and lactic acid bacteria isolated from rumen fluid of PO cattle on napier grass silage quality)ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of molasses as carbohydrate source and inoculums of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) incubated from PO cattle’s rumen fluid on the quality of Napier grass (pennisetum purpureum) silages. The research was conducted at Gemawang village Jambu District Semarang Regency. Feed analysis was carried out in Laboratory Biochemical Nutrition, Animal Feed Science, Animal Science Faculty, Gadjah Mada University. This study was assigned into Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 3 replicated. The treatments were addition of molasses and LAB level into the Napier grass; 0, 1, 3 and 5% (w/w) and incubated for 30 days Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the significant effect was tested by Duncan ,s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the addition of 1 – 5% molases significantly affected (P0,05) lactic acid content, pH, and NH3 concentration. Increasing level of molases significantly (P0,05) increased lactic acid content, decreased pH and NH3 concentration of Napier grass silage. However, among the treatment groups of 1, 3 and 5 % of molases was not significant (P0,05) different on the lactic acid content, pH and NH3 concentration. Dry matter and organic matter content of Napier grass silage were not significantly (P0,05) affected by treatments .
Kandungan Total Fungi Serta Jenis Kapang dan Khamir pada Limbah Pabrik Pakan yang Difermentasi dengan Berbagai Aras Starter ‘Starfung’
Authors: Dewi Arinda Kusuma , Utama Cahya Setya , Mukodiningsih Sri
Published: February 2016

(Fungi’s total content, type of molds and yeasts on waste feed mill with various levels of ‘starfung’ starter) ABSTRACT. This research was conducted to processed the waste feed into a feed mill potentially probiotic functional seen a total of fungi, molds and yeasts and the types of protein biomass increase. The material used in the study were the starter starfung, distilled water and waste feed mill feed. The tools used in the study were an oven, thermometer, drying cabinets, pH meters, moisture meter grand. Research using Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) is 4 treatments with 4 replications. The treatment used T0 = Feed + (Starter 'Starfung' 0%); T1 = Feed + (Starter 'starfung' 1%); T2 = Feed + (Starter 'Starfung' 3%); T3 = Feed + (Starter 'Starfung' 2%). The parameter is were observed total fungi, the type of mold fungi and yeasts. The data total fungi analyzed using analysis of variance and multiple regions continued with Duncan's test to determine differences between treatments. Based on the results of the study showed that the feed mill waste fermentation with starter cedar starfung no significant effect (p 0.05) of total fungi. Average - Average total fungi on treatment T0, T1, T2, and T3 respectively - also is 1,77x107, 1,87x107, 0,9 x107, dan 0,91 x107 Cfu/g. Type of mold is Rhizopus sp and type of yeast is Saccharomyces sp. Conclusion The study is fermented feed mill waste to produce cedar starter starfung Rhizopus sp types and kinds of yeast Saccharomyces sp.
Performan Ayam Broiler yang diberi Ransum Mengandung Potassium Diformate Sebagai Pengganti Flavomycin
Authors: Ramli Nahrowi , Suci Dwi Margi , Sunarto S. , Nugraheni C. , Yulifah A. , Sofyan A.
Published: February 2016

Performance of broilers fed diets containing potassium diformate to replace flavomycinABSTRACT. The aim of this research was to study the effect of potassium-diformate (PD) on broiler performance. One hundred and twenty old chicks of Cobb strain were divided into fifteen groups and feed one of five treatments, namely: P1 (control diet), P2 (P1 + 0,5%PD), P3(P1 + 1%PD), P4 (P1 + 1,5%PD) and P5 (P1 + antibiotic). Data from Completely Randomized Design were analyzed by ANOVA and any significant among them were used contrast orthogonal test. Treatments did not impact on feed consumption, mortality and percentage of viscera, but the groups treated with 1 and 1.5% PD and flavomicyne antibiotic had significant improvement on body weight gain (P0.169) and feed efficiency (P0.05). It is concluded that addition of 1-1.5% potassium-diformate in the broiler’s diet could improve feed efficiency and replace flavomycine antibiotic as growth promotors without influencing the performance of viscera.
Potensi Lumpur Sawit (SOLID) Sebagai Pakan Ruminansia di Kabupaten Pelalawan Provinsi Riau
Authors: Yanto Kodri , Febrina Dewi
Published: February 2016

Potential of palm oil’s waste (solid) as ruminant feed in Pelalawan district of Riau ProvinceABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to know potential of solid waste in Pelalawan district, Riau province. Research was carried out from December 2007 – January 2008 in Pelalawan district by using 4 factories of Elaeis guineensis (PKS). The four factories that were used for data collection were PT. Multi Palma Sejahtera (MPS), PT. Inti Indo Sawit Subur (IIS), PT. Sinar Agro Raya (SAR) and PT. Musim Mas (MM). The results of study showed that solid waste in Pelalawan district of Riau province had a great potential. Production of solid waste in Pelalawan district was around 76.176 tons/year and carrying capacity was 5.132 animals unit. Farmers will use solid waste at large quantity if they raise livestock in commercially, for instance for fattening purpose. The strategies which can be applied to maximize solid waste utilization are through partnership between farmers and factories or local government pihak PKS.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Perekat Sintetis terhadap Ransum Ayam Broiler
Authors: Retnani Yuli , Harmiyanti Yanti , Fibrianti Diah Ayu Purnawati , Herawati Lidy
Published: February 2016

The effect of using synthetic binder on physical quality of chicken rationABSTRACT. The purpose of this study was learn about the influence added lignosulfonate and bentonite by some processes production on physical characteristics of pellet form ration. The experimental design had used a Randomized Completely Design with 4 x 3 factorial and 3 replocats. Factor A were processes production, i.e : A0 = without processing, A1 = added 5% water spraying, A2 = added 5% hot water spraying and A3 = steam 45 minute on 1000C and pressure 1.7-1.8 kg/cm2. Factor R were added binder, i.e: R0 = control ration, R1 = control ration + 1.25% lignosulfonate and R2 = control ration + 2.5% bentonite. The parameters observed were water content, specific weght, specific density, packed specific density, angle of repose, particle size, water activity and durability of pellet. Result from this study showed some steam process by autoclave 45 minute and added binder lignosulfonate and bentonite was obviously influence specific weight, specific density, packed specific density, angel of repose, particle size, water activity and durability of pellet by percentage was 0.67 cm, 0.68 g/cm3, 0.75 g/cm3, 1.57 g/cm3, 26.990, even the water activity 0.81 wasn’t good. Added binder lignosulfonate and bentonite was obviously particle size was 0.67 cm and durability of pellet was 99.99%. Added lignosulfonate and bentonite by some process given the best on durability if it compared with commercials ration. The purpose of this study was to learn about the effect of using binder lignosulfonate and bentonite during six weeks period. The experimental design used a Randomized Completely Design with 3 x 4 factorial and 3 replications. Factor B was storage term (0. 2. 4 and 6 weeks). The parameters observed were water content, water activity factor higroskopic, particle size, specific density, bulk density, packed bulk density and pellet durability. The storage term very significant (P0.01) influenced the water content and increased the water activity, decreased the factor higroskopic, particle size, specific density, bulk density, packed bulk density and durability of pellet. The lowest water content was 10.82% in 6 weeks. The lowest water activity was 0.74 in 0 week. The highest particle size was 0.669 cm in 0 week. The highest durability of pellet was 99.95% in 0 week. The highest specific weight was 1.30 g/cm3 in 2 weeks. The highest specific density was 0.738 g/cm3 in 0 week. The highest packed density was 0.738 g/cm3 in 0 week and the lowest factor higroskopic was 0.79% in 2 weeks.
Performa Pertumbuhan Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diberi Ransum Berbagai Taraf Limbah Udang
Authors: Mas’ud Muhammad Sayuti , Parakkasi Aminuddin
Published: February 2016

Growth performance of white rat (Rattus norvegicus) fed by various of shrimp waste levelsABSTRACT. The objectives of this research are to investigate: (1) The effect of shrimp waste levels in experimental diets on feed intake, daily weight gain, and feed convertion (F/G) of white rats; (2) Optimal level of shrimp waste in white rat diets; and (3) The responses of both male and female white rats to shrimp waste levels. 15 male and 15 female white rats were given pellet ration contain shrimp waste for four weeks. The experimental design used in this research is Completely Randomized Design with 2 x 5 factorial arrangement in 3 replications. The A factor was sex (male and female) and the B factor was shrimp waste levels in ration (0% as control. 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). The parameters determined are feed intake, weight gain, and feed convertion of white rats. The results indicate that shrimp waste levels in ration was significantly (P0.05) affect the dry matter intake, whereas the effect on weight gain and feed convertion of white rats was highly significant (P0.01). Sex was significantly affect weight gain (P0.05%), however it was not significance (P0.05%) on dry matter intake and feed convertion of white rats. There were no interaction (P0.05%) between shrimp waste levels in ration and sex of white rats. The conclusion of this research that shrimp waste levels in ration of white rats increase dry matter intake and daily weight gain. Whereas, it decreased feed convertion. The optimal level of shrimp waste in the diet for daily weight gain was 19.44%, while optimal feed convertion 16.62%. Male daily weight gain was higher than female.
Kajian Perubahan Mutu Selama Penyimpanan Dan Pendugaan Umur Simpan Keripik Ikan Beledang Dalam Kemasan Polypropylene Rigid
Authors: Rosalina Yessy , Silvia Evanila
Published: February 2016

(Study Of Quality Changes During Storage And Shelf Life Prediction Of Beledang Fish Chips In Rigid Polypropylene Packaging) ABSTRACT. This research aims to determine the quality changes during storage and shelf life of beledang fish chips in rigid polypropylene packaging. Observation of quality based on the moisture content and total microbes were done on 0 and 30th days at 25°C, 30°C and 35°C with 3 replicates at each storage temperature. Shelf life prediction of beledang fish chips based on moisture content changes at 25oC, 30oC dan 35oC was measured using Arrhenius Model. The result shows that there is a change in water content and total microbes in beledang fish chips during storage. At storage temperature of 35oC, the chips have moisture content changes and total microbes on the 30th day of storage which are 4% and 10 x 104Cfu. The shelf life of beledang fish chips in polypropylene rigid packaging at storage temperature of 25oC, 30oC and 35oC is 9 months 28 days, 10 months 3 days, and 10 months 8 days respectively.
Karakteristik Mutu Biji Kakao Aceh Hasil Fermentasi Dengan Berbagai Cara Dan Interval Waktu Pengadukan
Authors: Widayat Heru Prono
Published: February 2016

(Quality Characteristics Of Aceh Cacao Beans Resulted From Different Fermentation Methods)ABSTRACT. Response of cocoa beans to any fermentation treatment may vary according to crop variety, farming conditions and practices, and fermentation methods; including type of beans stirring methods and stirring frequencies applied during fermentation period. The objective of this research is to study quality characteristics of Aceh fermented cocoa beans treated with different stirring methods and stirring frequencies. The cocoa beans of 40 cm mass depth were kept in 53x40x50 cm rattan buckets and were fermented for 5 days. Beans stirring during fermentation was conducted either by in-place stirring andreplace-stirring to other rattan bucket. Stirring period was set for each 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours of fermentation time. Beans temperature, pH, and total sugar content for each stirring period along five days-fermentationtime were recorded. The fermented beans were sundried for moisture content of approximately 6%. The results showed that the beans temperature during fermentation increased up to 45.7-46.6oC on the third-day and then decreased to 37.9-40.4oC on the fifth-day. The highest temperature (46.6oC) was recorded for in-place stirring with stirring period of 48 hours. The pH value of the beans decreased from 5.6-5.9 on the first-day to 3.2-3.4 on the fourth-day and then slightly increased to 3.4 in average on the fifth-day. The total sugar content decreased from 9.1-9.6% on the first-day to approximately 0.4% on the fifth-day. Quality analysis of the fermented beans showed that pH value varied 5.5-5.8 and fat content was 47.9-49.1%. The best quality of fermented beans was found for replace-stirring method with stirring period of 24 hours. This treatment resulted in fermented cocoa beans with 0.4% moldy, 17.5% partly purple, 3.0% slaty, and 76.7% fully fermented.
Karakterisasi Mutu Kimiawi, Mikrobiologi Dan Sensori Sari Buah Campuran Nanas Dan Semangka
Authors: Yusmarini Yusmarini , Emrinaldi Emrinaldi , Johan Vonny Setiaries
Published: February 2016

(Chemical, Microbiological And Sensory Characteristics Of Mixed Pineapple And Watermelon Juice)ABSTRACT. Fruit juice is widely known as beverage that rich of vitamins. The aims of this study were to determine the chemical, microbiological and sensory quality of pineapple juice mixed with watermelon juice and to find the best treatment. Research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. The results showed that increasing watermelon juice will increase the moisture content and pH value, on the other hand will decrease total dissolved solids and vitamin C. Overall sensory panelists liked the mix of pineapple juice and watermelon juice, but in terms of vitamin C the best treatment was pineapple juice and watermelon juice with the ratio of 1.75: 0.25 which have sour taste.
Ulasan Ilmiah: Inovasi Dalam Proses Pembuatan Roti Menggunakan Perlakuan Pembekuan Untuk Menghasilkan Adonan Roti Beku
Authors: Muhardina Virna
Published: February 2016

(A Review: An Innovation In Bread Making Process By Implementing Freezing Treatment To Produce Frozen Dough)ABSTRACT. Bread has spread out over the world becoming one of main staple food for society. The regular bread making process still has some limitations which are freshness, shelf life, and contamination of microbial spoilage in long storage period. Freezing treatment in producing frozen dough is considered as a proper technique to be applied in order to overcome those some drawbacks of common bread making process. There are two types of frozen dough which are unfermented frozen dough and fermented frozen dough. This technique may give effects to the physical and chemical properties of dough, such as yeast activity, starch, water and moisture content, and the formation of ice crystal. In order to inhibit undesirable changes, it needs to put more attention on three major points, which are pre-treatments before freezing, additional ingredients, and controlling the storage condition.
Karakterisasi Bakteri Asam Laktat Indegenous Dari Jruek Drien, Provinsi Aceh
Authors: Yulvizar Cut , Ismail Yulia Sari , Moulana Ryan
Published: February 2016

(Characterization Of Lactit Acid Bacteria Indegenous From Jruek Drien, Aceh ProvinceABSTRACT. Jruek drien is traditional fermented Durian. The purpose of this research was to obtain Lactic acid bacteria indigenous from jruek drien for development potential probiotic. The research was conducted at Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science of Syiah Kuala University from Februari – Juny 2015. Sample was taken from Aceh Jaya Regency, Aceh Barat Regency, Aceh Barat Daya Regency, Nagan Raya Regency dan Aceh Selatan Regency. The results showed that there are 9 Lactic acid bacteria indigenous isolate from jruek drien.
Kandungan Likopen Dan Karotenoid Buah Tomat (Lycopersicum Pyriforme) Pada Berbagai Tingkat Kematangan: Pengaruh Pelapisan Dengan Kitosan Dan Penyimpanan
Authors: Novita Melly , Satriana Satriana , Hasmarita Etria
Published: February 2016

(Lycopen And Carotenoid Contents Of Tomato (Lycopersicum Pyriforme) On Different Maturity Stages: Influence Of Chitosan Coating And Storage).ABSTRACT. Tomato as a young fruit has light green to dark green, hairy, and has a sour taste, bitter, and bad smelling because it contains lycopersicin. However, after its mature became slightly yellow, bright red or dark, yellowish red, yellow or dark red, and it tastes will be good because of more mature the fruit, content of lycopersicin disappeared. Carotenoids especially lycopene and β-carotene is a major component that determines the color of ripe tomatoes. This study was conducted to determine the changes in the content of carotenoids and lycopene along with a change in color in tomatoes were coated with chitosan during storage. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized factorial design (CRD). The first factor was level of maturity (M) that consisted of three (3) levels: M1 = breaker green tomatoes(0-10% red skin), M2 = half-ripe tomatoes (30-60% red skin), M3 = red tomatoes ( 70% red skin). The second factor was storage time (P) consisted of 5 (five) levels: P1 = 0 day, P2 = 5 days, P3 = 10 days = 15 days P4, P5 = 20 days, with 2 replications. Analysis conducted on tomatoes include: analysis of lycopene, carotenoids, and sensory test of skin color. The results showed that the chitosan-coated tomatoes had higher levels of lycopene and carotenoids content than the tomatoes without treatment (control). Level of maturity in tomatoes significantly effect on the formation of lycopene and carotenoids content during storage. In addition to the chitosan coating tomatoes are also able to maintain the color of tomatoes during storage.
Desempenho de herbicidas no controle de plantas daninhas em milho silagem
Authors: Philippi Estéla , Ternus Ricardo Miotto , Cavalcante Jerffeson Araujo , Fraga Alcimar Mazon
Published: February 2016

No estado de Santa Catarina a produção de grãos de milho divide espaço com a produção de milho silagem, sendo está amplamente difundida na pecuária como alimento volumoso para bovinos. Neste sentido, torna-se importante a busca por alternativas que visem minimizar perdas de produtividade, entre elas, reduzir a competição causada por plantas daninhas, que interferem no acúmulo de biomassa. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência dos herbicidas Primóleo® (atrazina) e Callisto® (mesotriona) no controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do milho silagem em duas épocas de cultivos. Os ensaios foram arranjados em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4x2 (diferentes tipos de controle e diferentes safras). Os tratamentos foram: aplicações dos herbicidas atrazina e mesotriona, a capina mecânica e a testemunha. Para a aplicação dos mesmos, foi realizado o levantamento da população de plantas daninhas de todas as parcelas com área de 12 metros quadrados cada. Posteriormente, com os tratamentos aplicados, foi efetuado avaliações visuais da eficiência de controle aos 14, 21 e 28 dias após a aplicação, onde o herbicida atrazina se mostrou mais eficiente que o mesotriona, as demais variáveis analisadas foram: produtividade, altura de inserção de espiga e rendimento de espiga. Por meio dessas, verificou-se que controle mecânico de plantas daninhas é mais eficiente que o controle químico, e que não houve diferença significativa de rendimento de milho entre os herbicidas mesotriona e atrazina independentemente da época de cultivo.
The Social Significance of Mr. Nazeer Khan’s Architecture
Authors: Omer Spahic
Published: February 2016

This paper discusses the social significance of Mr. Nazeer Khan’s architecture. The discussion revolves around the relationship between Mr. Nazeer Khan’s architecture and Kerala[1] Muslims’ economic transformation, as well as Kerala state’s inter-faith harmony. The study is not about delivering judgments concerning Mr. Nazeer Khan and his architectural exploits from a sheer perspective of architecture as a synthesis of art, science and technology, for such could significantly narrow at once our purpose and focus, and could divert our attention from some vital thrusts of the subject at hand. Rather, the study is about Mr. Nazeer Khan’s architecture and Kerala’s religious and socio-economic molds, and how they correlate with each other, the latter clearly dictating and shaping the former. It is only against this expansive and complex back-drop that Mr. Nazeer Khan’s architecture could be properly observed and appreciated. A restricted and one-sided approach – regardless of what it might be -- would in all likelihood lead to some incomplete, patchy and even unfair opinions and inferences. The paper is divided into six sections: (1) Introduction: why this study? (2) Who is Mr. Nazeer Khan? (3) Kerala Muslims’ economic transformation; (4) Mr. Nazeer Khan’s architecture and Kerala’s inter-faith harmony; (5) Mr. Nazeer Khan’s architecture: diversity in unity; (6) Conclusion. The content of this study is based, mainly, on the author’s lengthy interviews with Mr. Nazeer Khan and many of his clients, as well as on the author’s field visits to a majority of Mr. Nazeer Khan’s completed and on-going projects. The interviews and field visits took place in 2013 and 2014.

[1] Kerala is a state in the south-west region of India.
Thermal Comfort At The Street Corridor Around Public Places, Case Study Alun-Alun Malang City
Authors: Winansih Erna , Antariksa Antariksa , Surjono Surjono , Leksono Amin Setyo
Published: February 2016

Malang as the second largest city in East Java province become crowded recently. The congestion almost happens everyday. The scenery of the street corridor is full of iron stacks. It is said that Malang city is less comfortable and less walkable. The decrease of this environment encourages to conduct the study (Q.S. 16:90, Q.S. 96:1-5, Q.S. 30:41). The study aimed to analyze the thermal comfort at pedestrian ways around Malang city squares, the street corridor of Merdeka Alun-Alun (MAA) and the Tugu Alun-Alun (TAA). The temperature and relative humidity were measured by multinorm instrument. The THI (Temperature Humidity Index) method was used to analyze the thermal comfort. The results showed that the THI average at TAA (27) were more comfortable than at MAA (27,5). The south side of the MAA corridor became the most comfortable with the THI value of 26,4, which the side covered by trees canopy (Q.S. 7:58). It needs to conduct next research (Q.S. 13:11), because of the change of the activities at these street corridors.
Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Babywearing
Authors: Reynolds-Miller Robyn L.
Published: February 2016

Babywearing is defined as the act or practice of keeping an infant close to an adult's torso by using a supporting device that straps to the front of the adult's body (Merriam-Webster, n.d.). The practice of babywearing as an adjunct to therapy is likely to be beneficial to children and caregivers. Although research on babywearing is limited, the therapeutic benefits of “skin-to-skin care” or “kangaroo care” have been empirically established. Building on this research, this article attempts to raise awareness about babywearing by elucidating the likely therapeutic benefits for children with disabilities or special needs and areas for future research.
Improving Physical Assessment Observational Skills in the Community Setting: An Experiential Exercise
Authors: Dugan Mary
Published: February 2016

To become skilled providers, nurse practitioner students are required to expand observational skills and develop acumen in differential diagnosis. Good observational skills are essential for developing differential diagnoses, which are narrowed through diagnostic reasoning to reach an accurate final diagnosis. Teaching observational skills and differential diagnosis methods to nurse practitioner students can be challenging for nurse educators. The goal of an experiential assessment exercise (EAE) was to breathe life into an online course and have fun while learning to gather data about the health status and risk factors of people in the community environment.
Parental Consent for Adolescent Research
Authors: Kuehn Mary Beth , Hotho Devyn , Prunty Maggie
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this article is to increase understanding about how to obtain institutional review board approval to waive parental consent for adolescent research that involves minimal risk to subjects and/or that cannot be carried out practicably without the waiver. Because of IRB guidelines, the researchers were unable to use passive parental consent for a study of adolescent nonmedical prescription drug use (NMPDU). Without knowledge of waiver 45 C.F.R. §;46.116 of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Code of Federal Regulations regarding the protection of human research subjects, the study design required active parental consent for survey administration. This requirement limited study participation and increased costs. Using the waiver, the study design could have waived parental consent with adolescent assent. By increasing awareness of the 45 C.F.R. §;46.116 waiver and its subparts, the researchers hope to inform future researchers about reducing barriers to future adolescent research. Lessons learned include how using the waiver may decrease research costs, reduce participant selection bias, increase participant response rate, and expand data available to contribute to critical, emerging adolescent health issues such as NMPDU.
Reaching Millennials with Nursing History
Authors: Orkiszewski Paul , Pollitt Phoebe , Leonard Andrea , Lane Susan Hayes
Published: February 2016

The North Carolina Nursing History (NCNH) website, a comprehensive, award-winning, and rich educational resource, was developed by nursing and library faculty and staff at Appalachian State University and is being used by nursing faculty and students. Most of today's students prefer to learn with online tools. The advantages of using a digital nursing history website include access to an abundance and diversity of historical content in a student-friendly format.
Optimizing Connective Tissue Integration on Laser‐Ablated Implant Abutments
Authors: Geurs Nicolaas C. , Geisinger Maria L. , Vassilopoulos Philip J. , O’Neal S. Jean , Haigh Sandra J. , Reddy Michael S.
Published: February 2016

Focused Clinical Question: The integration of connective tissue (CT) to a laser‐ablated abutment with a microgrooved surface at the apical millimeter (LL) has been documented in both animal and human studies. How should the healing be influenced to optimize the CT integration on abutment surfaces?

Summary: When smooth machined titanium (ST) abutments were placed, epithelial attachment was found on abutments, but no CT integration was noted. On LL abutments, a zone of epithelial attachment and CT integration was noted. When an ST abutment was switched for an LL abutment, the soft tissue was inconsistent; however, when an LL abutment was placed after the removal of a prior LL abutment, CT integration was observed.

Conclusions: Consistent CT integration was observed on LL abutment surfaces after implant placement. Switching LL abutments with new LL abutments consistently led to CT integration. This was not consistent when an ST abutment was switched for an LL abutment. Plaque and gingival indices were comparable between teeth and abutments. Probing depth (PD) was lower around teeth. There was no difference in PD between abutments. CT integration on LL abutments was optimized by initial healing occurring on an LL abutment or by creation of a CT wound before insertion of the abutment.
Spatiotemporal variability of streamflow and attribution in the Three-Rivers Headwater Region, northwest China
Authors: Jiang Chong , Li Daiqing , Gao Yanni , Liu Xianfeng , Liu Wenfeng , Zhang Linbo
Published: February 2016

Monthly hydrological and daily meteorological data were collected across the Three-Rivers Headwater Region (TRHR) over a period from 1956 to 2012. Modified Mann–Kendall tests, flow duration curves, and correlation statistics were performed to identify long-term trend and interrelationships between these hydro-meteorological variables and to analyse the factors influencing runoff. The results of these analyses are as follows. (1) In the last 57 years, the annual runoff in the Lancang River Basin (LRB) and the Yangtze River Basin (YARB) has shown an increasing trend, while the runoff in the main stream of the Yellow River Basin (YRB) was slightly reduced. (2) In the YRB and the YARB, both the high and low flows decreased and increased together, respectively, whereas in the LRB, the high flow decreased while the low flow increased. (3) In the TRHR, the proportional change in annual runoff due to climate variability accounted for >85% of the observed change, while anthropogenic activity and glacier melting was responsible for ∼15%. The contribution of anthropogenic activity in the YRB and LRB was higher than that in YARB due to the greater anthropogenic activity. The contribution of glacier melting in the YARB and LRB were obviously higher than that in YRB due to the higher densities of glaciers.
Adsorption of reactive green 19 from water using polyaniline/bentonite
Authors: Tie Jingxi , Chen Dongguang , Zhao Meiqi , Wang Xiaolei , Zhou Shangang , Peng Longgui
Published: February 2016

Polyaniline/bentonite was used in this study to investigate its adsorption behaviors of reactive green 19. Influencing factors including contact time, pH, temperature and inorganic salts were investigated. The adsorption kinetic data fitted the pseudo-second-order model better than the pseudo-first-order and Elovich models, and the Langmuir model was better than the Freundlich model to describe the adsorption process. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption of reactive green 19 by polyaniline/bentonite was an endothermic and spontaneous process. Experimental data indicated that both NaCl and Na2SO4 could improve the reactive green 19 adsorption as a result of aggregation of the dye molecules in solution induced by the inorganic salts, and an increase of pH value from 5 to 9 caused a slight decrease in reactive green 19 adsorption.
Energy efficient treatment of A-stage effluent: pilot-scale experiences with shortcut nitrogen removal
Authors: Seuntjens D. , Bundervoet B. L. M. , Mollen H. , De Mulder C. , Wypkema E. , Verliefde A. , Nopens I. , Colsen J. G. M. , Vlaeminck S. E.
Published: February 2016

Energy autarky of sewage treatment plants, while reaching chemical oxygen demand (COD) and N discharge limits, can be achieved by means of shortcut N-removal. This study presents the results of a shortcut N-removal pilot, located at the biological two-‘stage (high/low rate) wastewater treatment plant of Breda, The Netherlands. The pilot treated real effluent of a high-rate activated sludge (COD/N = 3), fed in a continuous mode at realistic loading rates (90–100 g N/(m3·d)). The operational strategy, which included increased stress on the sludge settling velocity, showed development of a semi-granular sludge, with average particle size of 280 μm (ø4,3), resulting in increased suppression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. The process was able to remove part of the nitrogen (51 ± 23%) over nitrite, with COD/N removal ratios of 3.2 ± 0.9. The latter are lower than the current operation of the full-scale B-stage in Breda (6.8–9.4), showing promising results for carbon-efficient N-removal, while producing a well settling sludge (SVI30 < 100 mL/g).
Adsorption studies of Cu(II) onto biopolymer chitosan and its nanocomposite 5%bentonite/chitosan
Authors: Moussout Hamou , Ahlafi Hammou , Aazza Mustapha , Zegaoui Omar , El Akili Charaf
Published: February 2016

Chitosan (CS) and nanocomposite 5%bentonite/chitosan (5%Bt/CS) prepared from the natural biopolymer CS were tested to remove Cu(II) ions using a batch adsorption experiment at various temperatures (25, 35 and 45°C). X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) were used in CS and the nanocomposite characterisation. This confirmed the exfoliation of bentonite (Bt) to form the nanocomposite. The adsorption kinetics of copper on both solids was found to follow a pseudo-second-order law at each studied temperature. The Cu(II) adsorption capacity increased as the temperature increased from 25 to 45°C for nanocomposite adsorbent but slightly increased for CS. The data were confronted to the nonlinear Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich–Peterson models. It was found that the experimental data fitted very well the Langmuir isotherm over the whole temperature and concentration ranges. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity for the Cu(II) was 404–422 mg/g for CS and 282–337 mg/g for 5%Bt/CS at 25–45°C. The thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The complexation of Cu(II) with NH2 and C = O groups as active sites was found to be the main mechanism in the adsorption processes.
Mixing Online and Face-to-Face Therapy: How to Benefit From Blended Care in Mental Health Care
Authors: Wentzel Jobke , van der Vaart Rosalie , Bohlmeijer Ernst T , van Gemert-Pijnen Julia E W C
Published: February 2016

Blended care, a combination of online and face-to-face therapy, is increasingly being applied in mental health care to obtain optimal benefit from the advantages these two treatment modalities have. Promising results have been reported, but a variety in descriptions and ways of operationalizing blended care exists. Currently, what type of “blend” works for whom, and why, is unclear. Furthermore, a rationale for setting up blended care is often lacking. In this viewpoint paper, we describe postulates for blended care and provide an instrument (Fit for Blended Care) that aims to assist therapists and patients whether and how to set up blended care treatment. A review of the literature, two focus groups (n=5 and n=5), interviews with therapists (n=14), and interviews with clients (n=2) were conducted to develop postulates of eHealth and blended care and an instrument to assist therapists and clients in setting up optimal blended care. Important postulates for blended care are the notion that both treatment modalities should complement each other and that set up of blended treatment should be based on shared decision making between patient and therapist. The “Fit for Blended Care” instrument is presented which addresses the following relevant themes: possible barriers to receiving blended treatment such as the risk of crisis, issues in communication (at a distance), as well as possible facilitators such as social support. More research into the reasons why and for whom blended care works is needed. To benefit from blended care, face-to-face and online care should be combined in such way that the potentials of both treatment modalities are used optimally, depending on patient abilities, needs, and preferences. To facilitate the process of setting up a personalized blended treatment, the Fit for Blended Care instrument can be used. By applying this approach in research and practice, more insight into the working mechanisms and optimal (personal) “blends” of online and face-to-face therapy becomes within reach.
The Use of Inter-Fund Transfers to Manage the “Bottom Line” in the Municipal Context
Authors: Felix Robert
Published: February 2016

This study examines whether municipalities use inter-fund transfers to manage the general fund. Since the general fund is a municipality's largest fund, its financial position often reflects that of the whole municipality. Results indicate that transfers are used to manage the general fund toward zero. In particular, the tendency to use transfers to manage the general fund does not differ between general funds that had a positive and negative pre-managed change in fund balance, suggesting the incentive to report neither surplus nor deficit exists. Results also reveal that the practice of using transfers to manage the general fund toward zero is more substantial in municipalities with greater external oversight from citizens, creditors, state and federal granting agencies, and employees, as well as in municipalities with a strong-mayor form of government.

JEL Classifications: H71; H72; M48; M41; G39
How Do Directors of Nonprofit Organizations Perceive the Donor Evaluation Process?
Authors: Chen Qiu
Published: February 2016

Donors to nonprofit organizations have gradually shifted from an evaluation process that focuses on financial metrics to a process that considers both financial and nonfinancial metrics. This paper examines whether the shift prompts fairness judgments of the board of directors of nonprofit organizations and what factors contribute to their perceptions of fairness. Using an experimental methodology with nonprofit directors as participants, this study finds that directors perceive a balanced donor evaluation process to be procedurally fairer than a financially focused donor evaluation process. Furthermore, the informational feature of the donor evaluation process, not the donation outcome resulting from the donor evaluation process, contributes to forming the fairness perceptions of directors.