bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
National action plan to address MH, suicide amid pandemic
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2020

Observing a critical need for the country to create lasting systems and policy changes that ensure everyone can access care, support and needed services, the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention (Action Alliance) announced Dec. 8 a national partnership of federal agencies and private‐sector groups to address mental health and suicide in the wake of COVID‐19.
Sub‐2 mm depth of interaction localization in PET detectors with prismatoid light guide arrays and single‐ended readout using convolutional neural networks
Authors: LaBella Andy , Cao Xinjie , Zeng Xinjie , Zhao Wei , Goldan Amir H.
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Depth of interaction (DOI) readout in PET imaging has been researched in efforts to mitigate parallax error, which would enable the development of small diameter, high‐resolution PET scanners. However, DOI PET has not yet been commercialized due to the lack of practical, cost‐effective, and data efficient DOI readout methods. The rationale for this study was to develop a supervised machine learning algorithm for DOI estimation in PET that can be trained and deployed on unique sets of crystals.

Methods

Depth collimated flood data was experimentally acquired using a Na‐22 source with a depth‐encoding single‐ended readout Prism‐PET module consisting of lutetium yttrium orthosilicate (LYSO) crystals coupled 4‐to‐1 to 3×3  silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) pixels on one end and a segmented prismatoid light guide array on the other end. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained to perform DOI estimation on data from center, edge and corner crystals in the Prism‐PET module using (a) all non‐zero readout pixels and (b) only the 4 highest readout signals per event. CNN testing was performed on data from crystals not included in CNN training.

Results

An average DOI resolution of 1.84 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) across all crystals was achieved when using all readout signals per event with the CNN compared to 3.04 mm FWHM DOI resolution using classical estimation. When using only the 4 highest signals per event, an average DOI resolution of 1.92 mm FWHM was achieved, representing only a 4% dropoff in CNN performance compared to using all non‐zero pixels per event.

Conclusions

Our CNN‐based DOI estimation algorithm provides the best reported DOI resolution in a single‐ended readout module and can be readily deployed on crystals not used for model training.
Free‐breathing radial imaging using a pilot‐tone radiofrequency transmitter for detection of respiratory motion
Authors: Solomon Eddy , Rigie David S. , Vahle Thomas , Paška Jan , Bollenbeck Jan , Sodickson Daniel K. , Boada Fernando E. , Block Kai Tobias , Chandarana Hersh
Published: December 2020

Purpose

To describe an approach for detection of respiratory signals using a transmitted radiofrequency (RF) reference signal called Pilot‐Tone (PT) and to use the PT signal for creation of motion‐resolved images based on 3D stack‐of‐stars imaging under free‐breathing conditions.

Methods

This work explores the use of a reference RF signal generated by a small RF transmitter, placed outside the MR bore. The reference signal is received in parallel to the MR signal during each readout. Because the received PT amplitude is modulated by the subject’s breathing pattern, a respiratory signal can be obtained by detecting the strength of the received PT signal over time. The breathing‐induced PT signal modulation can then be used for reconstructing motion‐resolved images from free‐breathing scans. The PT approach was tested in volunteers using a radial stack‐of‐stars 3D gradient echo (GRE) sequence with golden‐angle acquisition.

Results

Respiratory signals derived from the proposed PT method were compared to signals from a respiratory cushion sensor and k‐space‐center‐based self‐navigation under different breathing conditions. Moreover, the accuracy was assessed using a modified acquisition scheme replacing the golden‐angle scheme by a zero‐angle acquisition. Incorporating the PT signal into eXtra‐Dimensional (XD) motion‐resolved reconstruction led to improved image quality and clearer anatomical depiction of the lung and liver compared to k‐space‐center signal and motion‐averaged reconstruction, when binned into 6, 8, and 10 motion states.

Conclusion

PT is a novel concept for tracking respiratory motion. Its small dimension (8 cm), high sampling rate, and minimal interaction with the imaging scan offers great potential for resolving respiratory motion.
Effects of Density Reduction on Age-Specific Growth of Stream-Dwelling Brown Trout
Authors: Rehm Travis R. , Chipps Steve R. , Davis Jacob L.
Published: December 2020

Density-dependent growth has been well documented among stream-dwelling Brown Trout Salmo trutta populations. In Spearfish Creek, South Dakota, biomass of adult Brown Trout (>200 mm) is about three times greater than that reported for similar Black Hills streams, whereas the mean length of adult fish is about 30% less. Here, we evaluate density reduction as a management tool for improving the growth rate of stream-dwelling Brown Trout. We compared age-specific growth of wild Brown Trout in stream sections receiving 50% reductions in fish abundance (removal sections) to that of fish in sections containing natural densities (control sections). Annual growth in length and weight of older Brown Trout (age > 2) was greater in removal sections compared to control sections, particularly among fish between 230 and 280 mm TL (ages 3–4). We attribute the growth response to constraints imposed by food availability and the strong feeding hierarchies, characteristic of larger (older) Brown Trout. Data collected from PIT-tagged fish that were recaptured 2 years after fish removal efforts revealed that growth responses owing to density reduction likely did not extend beyond 1 year. Nonetheless, among cohorts that showed improved growth after the first year, we found that their growth advantage was sustained into the second year. At removal sections, age-3 and older Brown Trout that experienced greater growth after 1 year were larger than fish from control sections 2 years later at age 5 and older. Identification of cohort(s) for which density-dependent growth is most pronounced could help to focus efforts on targeted reduction of specific fish sizes/ages that minimize the cost–benefit ratio of fish removal efforts.
A decoupled stabilized finite element method for the dual‐porosity‐Navier–Stokes fluid flow model arising in shale oil
Authors: Gao Liang , Li Jian
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we consider the decoupled stabilized finite element method for the dual‐porosity‐Navier–Stokes model coupling the free flow region and the microfracture‐matrix system by using four interface conditions on the interface. The stabilized finite element method is decoupled in two levels, and it allows the coupling problem to be divide into three subproblems in a non‐iterative manner, which improves the computational efficiency. In addition, the stability and convergence of the decoupling scheme are also analyzed. Finally, the theoretical results are illustrated by some numerical experiments.
Surface engineering of nanoparticles for highly efficient UV‐shielding composites
Authors: Liu Huaqing , Hu Dechao , Chen Xiaojun , Ma Wenshi
Published: December 2020

Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) with high energy can not only hurt human skin but also accelerate the degradation of organic matter. Hence, the preparation of polymer‐based UV‐shielding nanocomposites has attracted substantial attention due to the low cost, easy processing and wide applications. Notably, the highly efficient UV‐shielding polymer nanocomposites are still hindered by the agglomeration of inorganic anti‐UV nanoparticles (Nps) in polymer matrix and the narrow absorption range of UV‐shielding agents. To overcome the aforementioned bottlenecks, surface engineering of anti‐UV Nps including organic modification and inorganic hybridization has been extensively employed to enhance the UV‐shielding efficiency of composites. Herein, to deliver the readers a comprehensive understanding of the surface engineering of anti‐UV Nps, we systematically summarize the recent advances in surface organic modification and inorganic hybridization related to anti‐UV Nps. The UV‐shielding mechanism and the factors affecting UV‐shielding efficiency of polymer nanocomposites are also discussed. Finally, perspectives on remaining challenges and future development of highly efficient UV‐shielding composites are outlined.
Three‐dimensional chemical reactors: in situ materials synthesis to advance vat photopolymerization
Authors: Yee Daryl W , Greer Julia R
Published: December 2020

Vat photopolymerization (VP) is one of the most remarkable additive manufacturing techniques today and has been used for a variety of applications, from materials research to product manufacturing. The main challenge with VP is the limited choice of compatible materials, which motivates significant interest in VP materials development. We provide a brief overview of the materials that are currently accessible via VP and highlight recent advances in the field. We also provide perspective on expanding the library of materials compatible with VP using in situ materials synthesis. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Prediction of postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans prognosis in children
Authors: Jung Jae Hwa , Kim Ga Eun , Min In Kyung , Jang Haerin , Kim Soo Yeon , Kim Min Jung , Kim Yoon Hee , Shin Hyun Joo , Yoon Haesung , Sohn Myung Hyun , Lee Mi‐Jung , Kim Kyung Won
Published: December 2020

Introduction

The prognosis of postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) has many implications, ranging between reduced quality of life and life‐threatening complications. We evaluated the prognostic factors for PIBO using the baseline clinical characteristics of patients and built a prediction model for determining the prognoses of PIBO patients using the identified parameters.

Methods

We included 47 PIBO patients who underwent spirometry and impulse oscillometry and followed them up for at least 1 year. A patient's prognosis was classified as poor if the patient experienced at least one of the following: persistent respiratory symptoms for more than 1 year, two or more instances of hospitalizations due to respiratory symptoms, or more than one intensive care unit admission.

Results

The prognoses of 32/47 (68.1%) patients was good, while that of 15/47 (31.9%) was poor. Spirometry results showed significantly lower forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow at 25%–75% of FVC, and post‐bronchodilator (BD) FEV1 values in the poor prognosis group; chest computed tomography (CT) demonstrated more inflammatory bronchiolitis findings. We created a nomogram for predicting prognoses using post‐BD FEV1 and inflammatory bronchiolitis on chest CT. The area under the curve for the nomogram was 84.6% (95% confidence interval: 72.8%–96.4%).

Conclusions

PIBO patients with lower pulmonary function values and more findings of inflammatory bronchiolitis on initial examination have poor prognoses. The nomogram for predicting PIBO prognosis is easy to use and can be applied at the time of diagnosis.
Analytical Frequency‐Domain Model for Coupled Interconnects of Doped Multilayer Graphene Nanoribbons and Mixed Carbon Nanotube Bundles
Authors: Kaur Tajinder , Kumar Rai Mayank , Khanna Rajesh
Published: December 2020

An analytical frequency‐domain model, based on a temperature‐dependent equivalent‐single‐conductor (ESC) model, for coupled interconnects of multilayer graphene nanoribbon (MLGNR) and mixed carbon‐nanotube bundle (MCB) is presented. In this model, the input‐output transfer function of coupled interconnects is derived under dynamic switching conditions to analyze its bandwidth, delay, and stability performance. The obtained results demonstrate the best bandwidth performance of AsF5‐doped‐MLGNR among the undoped‐MLGNR (U‐MLGNR), doped‐MLGNR (viz., AsF5‐doped and FeCl3‐doped), MCB, and Cu interconnects. An improvement in a bandwidth of 14, 8.8, and 63.2 GHz is obtained with global length (≈1000 µm) AsF5‐doped‐MLGNR in comparison with U‐MLGNR, MCB, and Cu, respectively. Based on the Nyquist stability criterion, interconnects of doped‐MLGNR are found more stable than their U‐MLGNR and MCB counterparts, however, less stable than Cu interconnects. Also, a frequency‐domain model for complementary metal–oxide semiconductor (CMOS)‐gate‐driven single MLGNR interconnect is derived. It is noted that using the proposed CMOS‐gate based model, a bandwidth improvement of 12.25× is obtained with global length AsF5‐doped‐MLGNR with respect to a linear resistive model. Furthermore, the temperature‐dependent, frequency‐domain analysis of the capacitively coupled interconnects under functional switching conditions reveals that AsF5‐doped‐MLGNR interconnects are highly capable of filtering out the noise frequency components in the crosstalk‐induced noise
Propensity score stratification methods for continuous treatments
Authors: Brown Derek W. , Greene Thomas J. , Swartz Michael D. , Wilkinson Anna V. , DeSantis Stacia M.
Published: December 2020

Continuous treatments propensity scoring remains understudied as the majority of methods are focused on the binary treatment setting. Current propensity score methods for continuous treatments typically rely on weighting in order to produce causal estimates. It has been shown that in some continuous treatment settings, weighting methods can result in worse covariate balance than had no adjustments been made to the data. Furthermore, weighting is not always stable, and resultant estimates may be unreliable due to extreme weights. These issues motivate the current development of novel propensity score stratification techniques to be used with continuous treatments. Specifically, the generalized propensity score cumulative distribution function (GPS‐CDF) and the nonparametric GPS‐CDF approaches are introduced. Empirical CDFs are used to stratify subjects based on pretreatment confounders in order to produce causal estimates. A detailed simulation study shows superiority of these new stratification methods based on the empirical CDF, when compared with standard weighting techniques. The proposed methods are applied to the “Mexican‐American Tobacco use in Children” study to determine the causal relationship between continuous exposure to smoking imagery in movies, and smoking behavior among Mexican‐American adolescents. These promising results provide investigators with new options for implementing continuous treatment propensity scoring.
ReS2 Nanosheets with In Situ Formed Sulfur Vacancies for Efficient and Highly Selective Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhang Yanzhao , Yao Dazhi , Xia Bingquan , Xu Haolan , Tang Youhong , Davey Kenneth , Ran Jingrun , Qiao Shi-Zhang
Published: December 2020

Artificial photosynthesis can provide valuable fuels and positively impact greenhouse effects, via transforming carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into hydrocarbons using semiconductor‐based photocatalysts. However, the inefficient charge‐carrier dissociation and transportation as well as the lack of surface active sites are two major drawbacks to boosting their activity and selectivity in photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Recently, ReS2 has received tremendous attention in the photocatalysis area due to its intriguing physicochemical properties. Nevertheless, the application of ReS2 in photocatalytic CO2 reduction is scarcely covered. Herein, a heterojunction formed between ReS2 nanosheets and CdS nanoparticles is reported, achieving an apparently raised CO production of 7.1 μmol g−1 and high selectivity of 93.4%. The as‐prepared ReS2/CdS heterojunction exhibits strengthened visible‐light absorption, high‐efficiency electron–hole pair separation/transfer, and increased adsorption/activation/reduction of CO2 on in situ created sulfur vacancies of ReS2, thus all favoring CO2 photoreduction. These are corroborated by advanced characterization techniques, e.g., synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure, and density functional theory–based computations. The findings will be of broad interest in practical design and fabrication of surface active sites and semiconductor heterojunctions for applications in catalysis, electronics, and optoelectronics.
An autonomous IoT service placement methodology in fog computing
Authors: Ayoubi Masoumeh , Ramezanpour Mohammadreza , Khorsand Reihaneh
Published: December 2020

With the increase in the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices having limited resources, an extension of the cloud‐computing paradigm has emerged so‐called fog computing, where all the fog cells are located at the edge of the network and the latency can be reduced. Meanwhile, an important challenge has attracted much attention with the definition of fog computing is service placement problem that is still at its very beginning research. It allows to deployment IoT applications on computational fog resources, with the objective of optimizing quality of service (QoS) requirements of applications while taking into account maximizing the utilization of fog resources. In this paper, an autonomous IoT service placement methodology including four phases of monitoring, analysis, decision‐making, and execution is proposed called as (MADE). First, the available resources and application services' status are monitored at run time. Next, the requested services are prioritized with respect to application services' deadline. Then, the Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm II is applied to take decisions about the application services placement as a multi‐objective optimization problem. Finally, the decisions made in the previous phases are executed in a fog environment. The experiment results indicate that the proposed methodology outperforms its counterparts in terms of different performance metrics.
Assessment of Alternative Sampling Designs for Range‐wide Monitoring of New England Cottontail
Authors: Rittenhouse Chadwick D. , Kovach Adrienne I.
Published: December 2020

Monitoring within an adaptive management framework provides important insights about system responses to management and information on which management actions to adjust to improve outcomes over time. We evaluated the range‐wide monitoring survey of the New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis) and assessed its ability to track changes in species’ population status over time using data gathered under the original protocol in 2016–2017 from 204 sites in 5 states (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and New York, USA). We used occupancy analysis and structured decision making to evaluate 2 questions: 1) Does the monitoring survey provide the information needed to meet monitoring goals? and 2) What changes in the monitoring protocol, survey‐site selection, or field‐data collection are needed to better meet monitoring goals? A power analysis applied to data from the 2016–2017 survey indicated insufficient power (<0.80) to detect a large (0.50) change in occupancy, and either increasing the number of sites sampled, the number of occupied sites sampled, or both actions were needed to increase power and enable range‐wide survey objectives to be met. A revised study design was implemented in 2017–2018 that included sampling 146 of about 210 known occupied sites in 6 states (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, and Rhode Island, USA) and provided sufficient power (0.81) to detect a small (0.30) change in occupancy. The revised study design revealed a 50% decline in the number of known occupied sites has occurred over the last decade. Our findings highlight the importance of study‐design considerations in monitoring protocols and the important role of structured decision‐making in making transparent, data‐informed, and defendable decisions when developing, evaluating, and revising monitoring plans for cryptic and rare species such as the New England cottontail. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
COVID‐19 and the water–energy–food nexus in Africa: Evidence from Nigeria, Uganda, and Tanzania
Authors: Durodola Oludare Sunday , Nabunya Victo , Kironde Margaret Sima , Nevo Chinedu Miracle , Bwambale Joash
Published: December 2020

Water, energy, and food are necessary resources for well‐being and economic development. The physical and economic access to these resources in most Sub‐Saharan countries remains very low while the outbreak of COVID‐19 is projected to worsen the situation. Therefore, this study aims to assess the impacts of COVID‐19 on the access to water, energy, and food as well as to identify innovations in water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices and examine the current policy interventions in Nigeria, Uganda, and Tanzania. An online survey through a Google Forms sampling 842 respondents was adopted and responses were analyzed. Results indicate that there is an insignificant correlation of COVID‐19 with water and energy access in all the three countries. However, there is a significant relationship with food access in all the three countries though still minimal in Tanzania. Interestingly, there is an improvement in WASH due to increased local innovations and continued mass sensitization. The study highly recommends policies that could improve affordability and encourage innovations in the factors studied.
Madness, Mythopoetry and Medicine
Authors: Ademosu Temitope , Thomas Tutiette , Adebiyi Sola
Published: December 2020

This chapter draws on a detailed transgenerational case study, the story of ‘Masimbo’, which involves migration, to highlight the conceptualisation and journey of mental illness within an African cultural perspective. In Masimbo’s story, African understandings of mental disorder are side-lined by Western approaches with untoward consequences for him and his family. The implication that is drawn from this, however, is not that African perspectives should replace Western approaches but rather that they should be used together. Thus, Masimbo’s story is illuminated with comments woven in from both an African (Yoruba traditional conceptualisation) and a systemic psychotherapy perspective. This shows how respecting both perspectives is possible and preferable from a person-centred point of view as different narratives/understandings are foregrounded and backgrounded like a tapestry, promoting an approach in which mental illness and the nuances that culture brings, is appreciated and worked with. We conclude with a reflection on the nature of storytelling as mythopoetry within African culture and its role in bridging between perspectives in mental health.
Vectors of Best Practice: An Introduction to Part III, Practice
Authors: Fulford Bill
Published: December 2020

This chapter introduces Part III of the book. Contributing chapters illustrate the role of a culturally enriched form of values-based practice in building best practice in the design and delivery of contemporary mental health services. Topics covered from the model of values-based practice set out in chapter ‘Surprised by Values: An Introduction to Values-Based Practice and the Use of Personal Narratives in this Book’ include, person-values-centred care, the extended multidisciplinary team, shared clinical decision-making supported by dissensus within frameworks of shared values, and recovery practice. The bottom-line message is that incorporated into values-based practice, cultural values cease to operate as barriers to, and instead become effective vectors of, best practice in mental health.
Cross-Cultural Factors and Identity in Adolescence
Authors: Matanova Vanya , Hristova Anna
Published: December 2020

The story of 13-year-old B, a female adolescent with self-harming behavior, and her father and other family members, shows the importance and impact of multicultural factors both in early child development and in establishing identity in adolescence. Born from a mixed marriage between an English mother and a Bulgarian father, B experiences a series of traumatic separations arising from clashes between the expectations and values of her parents’ respective cultures. Presented in a series of distinct episodes, B’s story illustrates the impact of the values conflicts arising in the context of our increasingly multicultural society, and the role of cross-cultural psychology in values-informed family therapy aimed at addressing such conflicts.
Alcohol Use Disorder in a Culture That Normalizes the Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages: The Conflicts for Decision-Making
Authors: Messas Guilherme , Soares Maria Julia
Published: December 2020

Value-Based Practice (VBP) allows individual and cultural values to be important elements in clinical decision-making. The following chapter exemplifies the application of this approach to a patient with an alcohol use disorder within the Brazilian culture, a culture that minimizes the impact of alcohol consumption on health. By applying principles such as shared decision-making and basing choices on evidence and values, the patient increased the adherence and, consequently, the effectiveness of the proposed treatment.
Journey into Genes: Cultural Values and the (Near) Future of Genetic Counselling in Mental Health
Authors: Crepaz-Keay David , Austin Jehannine , Weeks Lauren
Published: December 2020

Through a case narrative set in the near future, this chapter explores some of the cultural and values issues that are raised by recent advances in genetics and associated personalised medicine. On first inspection, these advances might be thought to resolve or at any rate ameliorate the values issues that arise in the context of shared clinical decision-making as the basis of personalised mental health practice in genetic counselling. On the contrary, however, as the case narrative illustrates, the values issues are considerably amplified. This is an instance of the ‘Science Driven’ principle of values-based practice: that the practical impact of advances in medical science and technology is to widen patients’ choices and with choices go values. The result is that advances in medical science and technology drive the need for enhanced values-based as well as evidence-based practice in responding to the challenges presented by personalised clinical care. The emerging resources for responding to these challenges in the context of psychiatric genetic counselling are described.
Policy-Making Indabas to Prevent “Not Listening”: An Added Recommendation from the Life Esidimeni Tragedy
Authors: Ujewe Samuel , Van Staden Werdie
Published: December 2020

This chapter reflects on the Life-Esidimeni tragedy in which more than 140 mental healthcare users died as a consequence of a policy decision. The main finding of an official investigation into these events was a “failure to listen or take advice”, but how this failure may be averted in the future did not feature among the recommendations of the Ombud’s report, this being mostly about further legal, regulatory and rights-based actions. To avert similar tragedies in the future, this chapter adds another recommendation. This is a practical decision-making process by which to listen properly in policy-making. Specifically, a policy-making indaba in an African version of values-based practice generates a space in which all stakeholders implied in the formulation and execution of a health policy may listen properly to each other about what matters to them in that context over and above the values captured in regulations and rights. The resulting policy may thus creatively account for the differences between values of the stakeholders without dismissing or changing anyone’s values.
Case Studies in the Culture of Professional Football Players and Mental Welfare and Wellbeing
Authors: Bennett Michael
Published: December 2020

This chapter draws on the author’s personal experience together with the findings from his qualitative research, to explore the cultural values driving problems of mental health and well-being among professional footballers. The study makes explicit the way in which players are expected to hide their experiences of being objectified—of being subject to gendered, racialised and other forms of dehumanisation—and denied a legitimate lived experience, an authentic heard voice. The chapter illustrates the importance in values-based practice of knowledge of values gained as in this instance by way of qualitative methods from the social sciences being used to fill out knowledge derived from individual personal experience.
Co-writing Values: What We Did and Why We Did It
Authors: Fulford Bill
Published: December 2020

This chapter reflects on the process and outcomes of our co-writing approach to the book. Section 2 describes the process of co-writing that we adopted. The challenges that emerged from this process resulted in the book itself becoming an exercise in values-based practice. Section 3 describes how we took forward a values-based approach in addressing these challenges by establishing a shared framework of values. Section 4 is about outcomes. Challenging as the co-writing approach we adopted turned out to be, we believe it has been at least provisionally justified by its outcomes, namely the quality and range of the contributions to the book. The diversity of perspectives represented by these contributions takes us a first step towards establishing an international ‘open society’ supporting innovation in mental health.
Die Migrantin retten!? Zum vertrackten Verhältnis von Geschlechtergewalt, Rassismus und Handlungsmacht
Authors: Dhawan Nikita , do Mar Castro Varela María
Published: December 2020

Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den zwingenden feministischen Fragen nach Geschlechtergewalt, Verletzlichkeit, Handlungsmacht, deren Verknüpfungen und den Dilemmata, die jene spüren, die sexistische Gewalt, insbesondere innerhalb rassifizierter Communities, zu adressieren suchen. Dabei wird eine postkolonial-feministische Perspektive eingenommen, die eine Sicht auf Migration und Flucht erlaubt, bei der gleichzeitig feministische Mainstream-Annahmen mit Blick auf die andere Frau einer Kritik unterzogen werden. Angelehnt an Judith Butler wird dabei argumentiert, dass neue Formen kollektiver Handlungsmacht paradoxerweise gerade dort entstehen, wo eine spezifische Vulnerabilität verortet ist. Wenn auch eine sichtbare Verletzlichkeit häufig zu paternalistischen (Schutz-)Maßnahmen der hegemonialen Mehrheit führt, die gewaltvolle Geschlechterdynamiken stabilisieren, so können im Raum der Verwundbarkeit, wie Judith Butler feststellt, auch neue Formen von Handlungsmacht entstehen. Es ist in der Tat möglich, Opfer und zeitgleich Handlungsmächtige zu sein.
Silicate-replacive high sulfidation massive sulfide orebodies in a porphyry Cu-Au system: Bor, Serbia
Authors: Klimentyeva Dina , Driesner Thomas , von Quadt Albrecht , Tončić Trajča , Heinrich Christoph
Published: December 2020

The Cu-Au deposit of Bor (Serbia) represents a continuum of mineralization styles, from porphyry-style ore occurring in quartz-magnetite-chalcopyrite veins and chalcopyrite disseminations to high-sulfidation epithermal Cu-Au ores in pyrite-chalcopyrite and anhydrite-sulfide veins. Decisive for the great economic importance of Bor is the presence of exceptionally rich high-sulfidation massive sulfide orebodies, composed of pyrite + covellite + chalcocite/digenite and minor anhydrite and enargite. They form irregular bodies measuring 0.5–10 million tons of ore grading up to 7% Cu, hosted by andesites and surrounded by intense argillic alteration. This study focuses on a small but rich underground orebody mined out recently, where limited drillcore is preserved for quantitative geochemical study. This paper documents the vein relationships within the deep porphyry-style orebody of Borska Reka, the transitional porphyry-epithermal veins, and the overlying and laterally surrounding epithermal massive sulfides of the Bor deposit. Geological observations indicate that the formation of massive sulfide orebodies concludes the ore formation. Mass balance calculations, recast into geologically realistic bulk fluid-rock reactions, confirm textural evidence that near-isovolumetric replacement of andesite host rocks is the dominant formation mechanism of massive sulfide orebodies at Bor, whereby all lithophile elements including Si are dissolved and only Ti stays relatively immobile. While net volume changes for individual mineralization styles within the massive sulfide orebody vary from − 16% volume loss to + 127% volume gain, overall volume change for the whole massive sulfide orebody was probably slightly negative. Brecciation is important only as means of creating channelways for reactive fluid that turns the andesite protolith into massive sulfide, whereas net breccia infill occurred only locally.
Clinical diagnoses vs. autopsy findings in early deceased septic patients in the intensive care: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Driessen Rob G. H. , Latten Bartholomeus G. H. , Bergmans Dennis C. J. J. , Hulsewe Riquette P. M. G. , Holtkamp Johanna W. M. , van der Horst Iwan C. C. , Kubat Bela , Schnabel Ronny M.
Published: December 2020

Early death in sepsis occurs frequently; however, specific causes are largely unknown. An autopsy can contribute to ascertain causes of death. The objective of the study was to determine discrepancies in clinical diagnosis and postmortem findings in septic intensive care unit (ICU) patients deceased within 48 h after ICU admission. All septic ICU patients who deceased within 48 h after ICU admission were identified and included. Four intensivists determined the clinical cause of death by medical record review. An autopsy was performed within 24 h of death. Clinical diagnosis and postmortem findings were compared and classified as autopsy-identified missed clinical diagnoses and autopsy-refuted diagnoses. Class I and II missed major diagnoses using the Goldman criteria were scored. Between 2012 and 2017, 1107 septic patients were admitted to ICU. Of these, 344 patients (31%) died, of which 97 patients (28%) deceased within 48 h. In 32 (33%) early deceased patients, an autopsy was agreed. There were 26 autopsy-identified missed clinical diagnoses found, mostly myocardial infarction (n = 4) and pneumonia (n = 4). In four patients (13%), a class I discrepancy was found. In fourteen patients (42%), a class II discrepancy was found. In conclusion, an autopsy is an important diagnostic tool that can identify definite causes of death. These diagnoses deviate from diagnoses established during admission in early deceased sepsis patients.
Integrin α11β1 is a receptor for collagen XIII
Authors: Koivunen Jarkko , Tu Hongmin , Kemppainen Antti , Anbazhagan Padmanabhan , Finnilä Mikko A. , Saarakkala Simo , Käpylä Jarmo , Lu Ning , Heikkinen Anne , Juffer André H. , Heino Jyrki , Gullberg Donald , Pihlajaniemi Taina
Published: December 2020

Collagen XIII is a conserved transmembrane collagen mainly expressed in mesenchymal tissues. Previously, we have shown that collagen XIII modulates tissue development and homeostasis. Integrins are a family of receptors that mediate signals from the environment into the cells and vice versa. Integrin α11β1 is a collagen receptor known to recognize the GFOGER (O=hydroxyproline) sequence in collagens. Interestingly, collagen XIII and integrin α11β1 both have a role in the regulation of bone homeostasis. To study whether α11β1 is a receptor for collagen XIII, we utilized C2C12 cells transfected to express α11β1 as their only collagen receptor. The interaction between collagen XIII and integrin α11β1 was also confirmed by surface plasmon resonance and pull-down assays. We discovered that integrin α11β1 mediates cell adhesion to two collagenous motifs, namely GPKGER and GF(S)QGEK, that were shown to act as the recognition sites for the integrin α11-I domain. Furthermore, we studied the in vivo significance of the α11β1-collagen XIII interaction by crossbreeding α11 null mice (Itga11−/−) with mice overexpressingCol13a1(Col13a1oe). When we evaluated the bone morphology by microcomputed tomography,Col13a1oemice had a drastic bone overgrowth followed by severe osteoporosis, whereas the double mutant mouse line showed a much milder bone phenotype. To conclude, our data identifies integrin α11β1 as a new collagen XIII receptor and demonstrates that this ligand-receptor pair has a role in the maintenance of bone homeostasis.
Triangulating Submanifolds: An Elementary and Quantified Version of Whitney’s Method
Authors: Boissonnat Jean-Daniel , Kachanovich Siargey , Wintraecken Mathijs
Published: December 2020

We quantise Whitney’s construction to prove the existence of a triangulation for any$$C^2$$C2manifold, so that we get an algorithm with explicit bounds. We also give a new elementary proof, which is completely geometric.
Towards understanding vaccine hesitancy and vaccination refusal in Austria
Authors: Bauer Anja , Tiefengraber Daniel , Wiedermann Ursula
Published: December 2020

In Austria, data on vaccine hesitancy is scarce. Available studies suggest around 1-11% of parents refuse vaccination, while many more are hesitant and consider refraining from some but not all of the recommended vaccinations. However, the key drivers for vaccine hesitancy in Austria are largely unknown. To learn more about vaccination coverage, attitude towards and knowledge around immunization as well as views on mandatory vaccination, we conducted a survey in a rural Austrian lay population including adults and children. Two paper-based questionnaires, one for adults 16 years or older and one for children aged 6-15 years, were developed, then sent to all houses of a rural community in Austria as well as handed out at the local primary and middle school, respectively. Self-reported coverage rates of children and adults were found to be low. Within the surveyed population 3% of children had never been or do not get vaccinated. More than half (57%) of the survey participants had a positive attitude towards vaccines, 21% were without reserves, 16% were found skeptical and 5% had a generally negative attitude. Knowledge about immunization in general was poor. Younger adults and people with secondary education appear to be most skeptical and negative towards vaccination. Children’s attitudes were closely linked to those of their parents. The major concern around vaccination in adults was fear of side effects. In adults, 54.2% support mandatory vaccination for Health Care Workers and 20.7% are against it. 39% of adults and 37% of children wanted more information on vaccination, preferably provided by physicians. Knowledge about disease prevention by vaccination should be improved and children could also benefit from an early age-appropriate vaccine education to strengthen health literacy. Physicians are the most trusted source of health information. Medical doctors should be aware of their very important role in transmitting trusted health information. This should include an up-to-date education in communicable disease prevention and immunization during their whole medical career. Furthermore, the curricula of health-care workers may need to be improved and harmonized concerning prevention and vaccination.
Association between operation volume and postoperative mortality in the elective open repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms: systematic review
Authors: Ronellenfitsch U. , Meisenbacher K. , Ante M. , Grilli M. , Böckler D.
Published: December 2020

Background

An inverse association between the case volume per hospital and surgeon and perioperative mortality has been shown for many surgical interventions. There are numerous studies on this issue for the open treatment of infrarenal aortic aneurysms.

Aim

To present the available data on the association between the case volume per hospital and surgeon and perioperative mortality in the elective open repair of infrarenal aortic aneurysms in a systematic review.

Materials and methods

Using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL, Current Contents Medicine (CCMed), and ClinicalTrials.gov databases, a systematic search was performed using defined keywords. From the search results, all original papers were included that compared the elective open repair of an infrarenal aortic aneurysm in a “high volume” center with a “low volume” center or by a “high volume” surgeon with a “low volume” surgeon, as defined in the respective study.

Results

After deduplication, the literature search yielded 1021 hits of which 60 publications met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 37/43 studies showed a lower mortality in “high volume” compared to “low volume” centers and 14/17 comparisons showed a lower mortality for “high volume” compared to “low volume” surgeons. The effect measures, usually odds ratios, ranged from 0.37 to 0.99 for volume per hospital and 0.31 to 0.92 for volume per surgeon. Regarding the threshold values for the definition of “high volume” and “low volume,” a clear heterogeneity was shown between the individual studies.

Discussion

The available data on the association between the case volume per hospital and surgeon and perioperative mortality in the elective open repair of infrarenal aortic aneurysms show that interventions performed in “high volume” centers or by “high volume” surgeons are associated with lower mortality. To ensure the best possible outcome in terms of low perioperative mortality in the open repair of infrarenal aortic aneurysms, the aim should be centralization with high case volume per hospital and surgeon.
Correction to: Outpatient before inpatient—the good, the bad and the ugly
Authors: Vuong Kim Tai , Guglielmetti Laura C. , Albert Thomas G. , Brillat Arce Waldemar , Staerkle Ralph F. , Vuille-dit-Bille Raphael N.
Published: December 2020

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s10353-020-00656-x
Preconditioning Techniques for the Numerical Solution of Flow in Fractured Porous Media
Authors: Antonietti Paola F. , De Ponti Jacopo , Formaggia Luca , Scotti Anna
Published: December 2020

This work deals with the efficient iterative solution of the system of equations stemming from mimetic finite difference discretization of a hybrid-dimensional mixed Darcy problem modeling flow in fractured porous media. We investigate the spectral properties of a mixed discrete formulation based on mimetic finite differences for flow in the bulk matrix and finite volumes for the fractures, and present an approximation of the factors in a set of approximate block factorization preconditioners that accelerates convergence of iterative solvers applied to the resulting discrete system. Numerical tests on significant three-dimensional cases have assessed the properties of the proposed preconditioners.
Influencing factors analysis in pear disease recognition using deep learning
Authors: Yang Fang , Li Fuzhong , Zhang Kai , Zhang Wuping , Li Shancang
Published: December 2020

Influencing factors analysis plays an important role in plant disease identification. This paper explores the key influencing factors and severity recognition of pear diseases using deep learning based on our established pear disease database (PDD2018), which contains 4944 pieces of diseased leaves. Using the deep learning neural networks, including VGG16, Inception V3, ResNet50 and ResNet101, we developed a “DL network + resolution” scheme that can be used in influencing factors analysis and diseases recognition at six different levels. The experimental results demonstrated that the resolution is directly proportional to disease recognition accuracy and training time and the recognition accuracies for pear diseases are up to 99.44%,98.43%, and 97.67% for Septoria piricola (SP), Alternaria alternate (AA), and Gymnosporangium haracannum (GYM), respectively. The results also shown that a forward suggestion on disease sample collection can significantly reduce the false recognition accuracy.
A High-Order Conservative Semi-Lagrangian Solver for 3D Free Surface Flows with Sediment Transport on Voronoi Meshes
Authors: Bergami Matteo , Boscheri Walter , Dimarco Giacomo
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we present a conservative semi-Lagrangian scheme designed for the numerical solution of 3D hydrostatic free surface flows involving sediment transport on unstructured Voronoi meshes. A high-order reconstruction procedure is employed for obtaining a piecewise polynomial representation of the velocity field and sediment concentration within each control volume. This is subsequently exploited for the numerical integration of the Lagrangian trajectories needed for the discretization of the nonlinear convective and viscous terms. The presented method is fully conservative by construction, since the transported quantity or the vector field is integrated for each cell over the deformed volume obtained at the foot of the characteristics that arises from all the vertexes defining the computational element. The semi-Lagrangian approach allows the numerical scheme to be unconditionally stable for what concerns the advection part of the governing equations. Furthermore, a semi-implicit discretization permits to relax the time step restriction due to the acoustic impedance, hence yielding a stability condition which depends only on the explicit discretization of the viscous terms. A decoupled approach is then employed for the hydrostatic fluid solver and the transport of suspended sediment, which is assumed to be passive. The accuracy and the robustness of the resulting conservative semi-Lagrangian scheme are assessed through a suite of test cases and compared against the analytical solution whenever is known. The new numerical scheme can reach up to fourth order of accuracy on general orthogonal meshes composed by Voronoi polygons.
BRCA1/2mutations and survival of high-grade endometrioid endometrial cancer
Authors: Dai Yibo , Wang Jingyuan , Zhao Luyang , Wang Zhiqi
Published: December 2020

Background

BRCA1/2mutations have been shown to be associated with the development of many solid tumors including endometrial cancer (EC). The objectives of this study are to analyze the association betweenBRCA1/2mutational status and clinicopathological characteristics as well as outcomes in EC patients.

Methods

510 eligible EC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas database were included in the study. The association between clinicopathological characteristics and differentBRCA1/2mutational status was compared and analyzed. Analyses of the impact ofBRCAmutations on survival in EC patients was conducted using Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and Cox regressions. In order to control confounding bias between groups, propensity score matching method was used.

Results

Among the eligible patients, 11 (2.2%) harboredBRCA1mutation, 43 (8.4%) harboredBRCA2mutation, and 36 (7.1%) harbored both. Body mass index, rates of hypertension history, proportion of non-endometrioid histology and rates of positive peritoneal cytology were lower in patients withBRCA1/2mutations compared with the group of wild-type counterpart (p = 0.020, 0.048, 0.001 and 0.012, respectively). Patients withBRCA1/2mutations showed longer overall (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (in Kaplan-Meier analyses, p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively; in Cox regressions, p = 0.001 and 0.007, respectively). Further analyses showed that the impact ofBRCAmutations on survival was significant only in patients with high-grade endometrioid EC. Based on the cohorts generated after propensity score matching, in high-grade endometrioid EC patients, the influence ofBRCA1/2mutations remained significant on OS, but not on RFS (p = 0.003 and 0.057 in Kaplan-Meier analyses, p = 0.020 and 0.071 in Cox regressions).

Conclusion

BRCA1/2mutations are associated with better survival in patients with high grade endometrioid EC, indicating the value ofBRCAtesting in EC clinical management.