bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Investigations of Boronized Cold Work Tool Steels
Authors: Topuz Polat , Yılmaz Eren , Gündoğdu Emine
Published: February 2014

In this study, kinetic examinations on boronized X45NiCrMo4 (DIN 1.2767) and 90MnCrV8 (DIN 1.2842) steel samples are described. Samples were boronized in indirect heated fluidized bed furnace at 1123 K, 1223 K, and 1323 K for 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h. Morphologically and typically examinations of borides formed on the surface of the steel samples were studied by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Boride layer thickness formed on the steel X45NiCrMo4 ranges from 45 μm to 382 μm and for the material 90MnCrV8 ranges from 33 μm to 471 μm. The hardness of the boride layer formed on the steel X45NiCrMo4 varied between 1713 HV0.1 and 2111 HV0.1 and for the steel 90MnCrV8 between 1716 HV0.1 and 2761 HV0.1. Layer growth kinetics were analyzed by measuring the extent of penetration of FeB and Fe2B sublayers as a function of boronizing time and temperature. The kinetics of the reaction has been determined with K = Ko exp (-Q/RT) equation. Activation energy (Q) of the borided steel X45NiCrMo4 was determined as 156 kJ/mol and that of the steel 90MnCrV8 was determined as 179 kJ/mol.
Properties of Boronized, Carbonitrided and Steamed Iron-Based Compacts
Authors: Çavdar Uğur , Atik Enver
Published: February 2014

In this study, powder metal (P/M) compacts were prepared by mixing iron powder with 0–1 wt.-% Al, 2–3 wt.-% Cu and 0.2–0.8 wt.-% graphite. The 16 different P/M compacts compositions were prepared with 0.8 wt.-% zinc stearate as lubricant. The compacts' dimensions were 10 × 10 × 55 mm. All compacts were pressed at 600 MPa and sintered at 1120 °C for 30 minutes using a conventional sintering furnace and then boronizing, steaming and carbonitriding heat treatments were applied. The results of all the compacts in regard of the effects of corrosion endurance, density, and HV microhardness results were compared.
Micrometastatic cancer cells in lymph nodes, bone marrow, and blood: Clinical significance and biologic implications
Authors: Leong Stanley P.L. , Tseng William W.
Published: February 2014

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE

Cancer metastasis may be regarded as a progressive process from its inception in the primary tumor microenvironment to distant sites by way of the lymphovascular system. Although this type of tumor dissemination often occurs in an orderly fashion via the sentinel lymph node (SLN), acting as a possible gateway to the regional lymph nodes, bone marrow, and peripheral blood and ultimately to distant metastatic sites, this is not a general rule as tumor cells may enter the blood and spread to distant sites, bypassing the SLN. Methods of detecting micrometastatic cancer cells in the SLN, bone marrow, and peripheral blood of patients have been established. Patients with cancer cells in their SLN, bone marrow, or peripheral blood have worse clinical outcomes than patients with no evidence of spread to these compartments. The presence of these cells also has important biologic implications for disease progression and the clinician's understanding of the process of cancer metastasis. Further characterization of these micrometastatic cancer cells at each stage and site of metastasis is needed to design novel selective therapies for a more “personalized” treatment. CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64:195–206. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Model for Determining Geographical Distribution of Heat Saving Potentials in Danish Building Stock
Authors: Petrovic Stefan , Karlsson Kenneth
Published: February 2014

Since the global oil crisis in the 1970s, Denmark has followed a path towards energy independency by continuously improving its energy efficiency and energy conservation. Energy efficiency was mainly tackled by introducing a high number of combined heat and power plants in the system, while energy conservation was predominantly approached by implementing heat saving measures. Today, with the goal of 100% renewable energy within the power and heat sector by the year 2035, reductions in energy demand for space heating and the preparation of domestic hot water remain at the top of the agenda in Denmark. A highly detailed model for determining heat demand, possible heat savings and associated costs in the Danish building stock is presented. Both scheduled and energy-saving renovations until year 2030 have been analyzed. The highly detailed GIS-based heat atlas for Denmark is used as a container for storing data about physical properties for 2.5 million buildings in Denmark. Consequently, the results of the analysis can be represented on a single building level. Under the assumption that buildings with the most profitable heat savings are renovated first, the consequences of heat savings for the economy and energy system have been quantified and geographically referenced. The possibilities for further improvements of the model and the application to other geographical regions have been discussed.
Cytotoxic Prenylated Xanthones from the Pericarps of Garcinia mangostana
Authors: Xu Zeng , Huang Lei , Chen Xiao-Hong , Zhu Xiao-Feng , Qian Xiao-Jun , Feng Gong-Kan , Lan Wen-Jian , Li Hou-Jin
Published: February 2014

Bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanol extract of the pericarps of Garcinia mangostana led to the isolation of two new prenylated xanthones, named 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-8-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-xanthone (1) and 1,3,8-trihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoyl)-xanthone (2), together with the five known compounds garcinones C (3) and D (4), gartanin (5), xanthone I (6), and γ-mangostin (7). Their structures were elucidated primarily based on MS and NMR data. Compounds 1–7 showed significant cytotoxic activities against various human cancer cell lines.
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Imperfections in Auto Bodywork Using Profiles from a Retroreflective Image
Authors: Barber Ramon , Zwilling Valerie , Salichs Miguel
Published: February 2014

Nowadays the automobile industry is becoming more and more demanding as far as quality is concerned. Within the wide variety of processes in which this quality must be ensured, those regarding the squeezing of the auto bodywork are especially important due to the fact that the quality of the resulting product is tested manually by experts, leading to inaccuracies of all types. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed for the automated evaluation of the imperfections in the sheets of the bodywork after the squeezing process. The algorithm processes the profile signals from a retroreflective image and characterizes an imperfection. It is based on a convergence criterion that follows the line of the maximum gradient of the imperfection and gives its geometrical characteristics as a result: maximum gradient, length, width, and area.
Urban Traffic Congestion Pricing Model with the Consideration of Carbon Emissions Cost
Authors: Wang Jian , Chi Libing , Hu Xiaowei , Zhou Hongfei
Published: February 2014

As one of the most effective traffic demand management opinions, congestion pricing can reduce private car travel demand and the associated carbon dioxide emissions. First, we summarized the status quo of transport carbon dioxide emission charges and congestion pricing, and then, we analyzed the characteristics of urban transport carbon dioxide emissions. Then, we proposed a (pricing) framework in which carbon emission costs would be considered as part of the generalized cost of travel. Based on this framework, this paper developed a bi-level mathematical model to optimize consumer surplus, using congestion and carbon emission charges as the control variables. A dissect search algorithm was used to solve the bi-level program model, and a numerical example was given to illustrate the methodology. This paper incorporates the emission pricing into the congestion pricing model, while considering two modes, and puts forward suitable proposals for the implementation of an urban traffic congestion pricing policy in China.
Hydrological Flood Simulation Using a Design Hyetograph Created from Extreme Weather Data of a High-Resolution Atmospheric General Circulation Model
Authors: Kimura Nobuaki , Tai Akira , Chiang Shen , Wei Hsiao-Ping , Su Yuan-Fong , Cheng Chao-Tzuen , Kitoh Akio
Published: February 2014

To understand the characteristics of severe floods under global climate change, we created a design hyetograph for a 100-year return period. This incorporates a modified ranking method using the top 10 extreme rainfall events for present, near-future, and far-future periods. The rainfall data sets were projected with a general circulation model with high spatial and temporal resolution and used with a flood model to simulate the higher discharge peaks for the top 10 events of each term in a local watershed. The conventional-like ranking method, in which only a dimensionless shape is considered for the creation of a design hyetograph for a temporal distribution of rainfall, likely results in overestimates of discharge peaks because, even with a lower peak of rainfall intensity and a smaller amount of cumulative rainfall, the distribution shape is the only the factor for the design hyetograph. However, the modified ranking method, which considers amounts of cumulative rainfalls, provides a discharge peak from the design hyetograph less affected by a smaller cumulative rainfall depth for extreme rainfall. Furthermore, the effects of global climate change indicate that future discharge peaks will increase by up to three times of those of Present-term peaks, which may result in difficult flood control for the downstream river reaches.
Associations between Serum-Intact Parathyroid Hormone, Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D. Oral Vitamin D Analogs and Metabolic Syndrome in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dong Jie , Wang Qin , Chen Meng-Hua , Zhao Hui-Ping , Zhu Tong-Ying , Tian Na , Wang Mei , Hao Chuan-Ming , Ren Ye-Ping , Wang Hai-Yan
Published: February 2014

Introduction

Although previous studies have suggested associations between serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in the general population, these associations are still uncharacterized in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.

Methods

In total, 837 prevalent PD patients from 5 centers in China were enrolled between April 1, 2011 and November 1, 2011. The demographic data, biochemical parameters and medical records were collected, except for serum 25(OH)D which was measured in 347 of 837 patients. The definition of MS was modified from National Cholesterol Education Program Third Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATPIII).

Results

55.4% of 837 patients were found to have MS. The median concentration of iPTH, 25(OH)D and doses of oral vitamin D analogs for participants with MS was significantly lower than those without MS. The iPTH, 25(OH)D values and doses of vitamin D analogs were all associated with one or more components of MS. After multivariate adjustment, Low serum iPTH values and oral vitamin D analogs, rather than serum 25(OH)D, were significantly associated with the presence of MS, abnormal fasting blood glucose (FBG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Compared to iPTH < 130pg/mL, iPTH 130–585 pg/mL and > 585pg/mL were associated with a lower risk of MS with adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.59 and 0.33, respectively. Taking vitamin D analogs was also associated with a lower risk of MS with adjusted OR of 0.55.

Conclusions

Serum iPTH and the use of active vitamin D supplements rather than serum 25(OH)D were independently associated with the presence of MS in patients on PD.
Dialysis Adequacy Indices and Body Composition in Male and Female Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Debowska Malgorzata , Paniagua Ramón , Ventura María-de-Jesús , Ávila-Díaz Marcela , Prado-Uribe Carmen , Mora Carmen , García-López Elvia , Qureshi Abdul Rashid , Lindholm Bengt , Waniewski Jacek
Published: February 2014

Objectives

Creatinine clearance scaled to body surface area (BSA) and urea KT/V normalized to total body water (TBW) are used as indices for peritoneal dialysis (PD) adequacy. We investigated relationships of indices of dialysis adequacy (including KT/V, KT, clearance, dialysate over plasma concentration ratio) and anthropometric and body composition parameters (BSA, TBW, body mass index (BMI), weight, height, fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM)) in male and female patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Methods

Ninety-nine stable patients (56 males) performed four 24-hr collections of drained dialysate for four dialysis schedules with three daily exchanges of glucose 1.36% and one night exchange of either: 1) glucose 1.36%, 2) glucose 2.27%, 3) glucose 3.86% or 4) icodextrin 7.5%.

Results

KT and dialysate over plasma concentration ratio, CD/CP, for urea and creatinine were similar for males and females and, in general, did not depend on body-size parameters including V (= TBW), which means that the overall capacity of the transport system in females and males is similar. However, after normalization of KT to V or 1.73/BSA yielding KT/V and creatinine clearance, Cl(1.73/BSA), respectively, the normalized indices were substantially higher in females than in males and correlated inversely with body-size parameters, especially in males.

Conclusions

As KT/V depends strongly on body size, treatment target values for KT/V should take body size and therefore also gender into account. As KT is less influenced by body size, body composition and gender, KT should be considered as a potential auxiliary index in PD.
Peritoneal Dialysis for Children with Acute Kidney Injury in Lagos, Nigeria: Experience with Adaptations
Authors: Esezobor Christopher Imokhuede , Ladapo Taiwo Augustina , Lesi Foluso Ebun
Published: February 2014

Introduction

International professional groups are supporting the training of physicians in developing countries in nephrology, including peritoneal dialysis (PD). This report documents the impact of such efforts in the provision of manual PD for children with acute kidney injury (AKI) in a public hospital in Lagos, Nigeria.

Methods

Medical records of all children with AKI managed with PD between July 2010 and March 2013 were reviewed.

Results

Seventeen children with a mean (SEM) age of 3.8 (0.8) years received PD for 0 - 18 days; about half were infants. PD was provided manually, frequently with intercostal drains as catheters. Blockage of catheters and peritonitis occurred in 4 (23.5%) and 2 (11.8%) children, respectively. Eight (47.1%) of the 17 children had resolution of AKI and were discharged from hospital. In 4 (57.1%) of the 7 children who died, PD was performed for ≤ 2 days.

Conclusion

PD for childhood AKI is feasible in resource-constrained regions with fairly good outcome. Blockage of catheter was the most common complication encountered.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Fungal Peritonitis in a Modern North American Cohort
Authors: Nadeau-Fredette Annie-Claire , Bargman Joanne M
Published: February 2014

Introduction

Peritonitis remains a common complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Although representing only 1 – 12% of overall peritonitis in dialysis patients, fungal peritonitis (FP) is associated with serious complications, including technique failure and death. Only scarce data have been published regarding FP outcomes in modern cohorts in North America. In this study we evaluated the rates, characteristics and outcomes of FP in a major North American PD center.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all fungal peritonitis episodes among peritoneal dialysis patients followed in a large PD center between January 2000 and February 2013. Our pre-specified end-points included rates of FP, characteristics, outcomes and determinants of death.

Results

Thirty-six episodes of FP were identified during the follow-up period (one episode per 671 patient-months), representing 4.5% of the total peritonitis events. Patients’ mean age and peritoneal dialysis vintage were 61.3 ± 15.5 and 2.9 (1.5 – 4.8) years, respectively. Of the 36 episodes of FP, seven (19%) resulted in death and 17 (47%) led to technique failure with permanent transfer to hemodialysis. Surprisingly, PD was eventually resumed in 33% of cases with a median delay of 15 weeks (interquartile range 8 – 23) between FP and catheter reinsertion. In a univariable analysis, a higher Charlson comorbidity index (Odds ratio [OR] 3.25 per unit increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23 – 8.58) and PD fluid white blood cell (WBC) count greater than 3,000/mm3 at presentation (OR 6.56, 95% CI 1.05 – 40.95) predicted death.

Conclusion

While fungal peritonitis is still associated with a high frequency of death and technique failure, one-third of our patients eventually returned to PD. Patients with a high burden of comorbidities appear at higher risk of death. We postulate that the high mortality associated with FP is partially related to the severity of comorbidity among patients with F P, rather than the infection per se. Importantly, PD can be resumed in a significant proportion of cases.
L'urbanisme et la nouvelle « Trinité »
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Wang Shuliu , Le Gall Pierre-Yves
Published: February 2014

Depuis la fin des années 1980, l’État a réinstauré le marché immobilier. Ce marché lucratif et spéculatif crée une nouvelle hiérarchie dans la classe au pouvoir. L’espace public urbain a été fortement réduit. L’espace commercial a fortement augmenté, ainsi que l’espace d’habitat qui mixte commerces et logements dans des cités fermées à l’homogénéité sociale garantie par le prix. Il en résulte un ethos citadin caractérisé par la lassitude et la soumission. Les publicités immobilières montrent que ce sont les promoteurs qui maintenant gouvernent la vie.
De la neutralisation comme mode de gouvernement
Authors: Razac Olivier
Published: February 2014

La démocratie moderne est à la fois inclusive, intégratrice, et exclusive de tout ce qui résiste à l’inclusion. Mais la normalité n’est-elle pas de se situer dans l’entre-deux ? C’est ce que font les technologies de maintien de l’ordre et leurs instruments d’une violence tout à fait graduée, que l’auteur nous décrit avec minutie. Mais la violence n’est pas la seule conduite possible dans cet entre-deux. Le pouvoir développe diverses manières de capturer l’intérêt en contraignant, de neutraliser l’opposition.
Strategic Interactions and Atoms' Power in Public Goods Economies
Authors: Perets Hovav , Shitovitz Benyamin
Published: February 2014

Interactions stratégiques et pouvoir des atomes dans des économies avec biens publics Dans cet article, nous étudions l’équilibre de Nash dans une économie d’échange avec biens publics. Cette économie décrit un jeu avec un espace mesuré mixte d’agents. Il est supposé un nombre fini de biens privés. Nous montrons qu’il existe, sous certaines conditions, un unique équilibre de Nash pour cette économie dans laquelle les biens publics sont produits avec une technologie linéaire. De plus, nous discutons de la différence en termes de pouvoir de marché qu’il existe entre une situation dans laquelle le secteur non atomique et un atome ont la même fonction d’utilité, et une situation où l’atome devient négligeable. Classification JEL : C72, H41.
Design of an Automatic Device for Cleaning Cellular Evaporator
Authors: Wang Zhong Min , Ji Xin Xin , Ma Jun
Published: February 2014

. An automatic cleaning device used for cleaning cellular evaporator in sugar factory is designed, which uses high-pressure water jet to clean fouls. The device includes supporting frame, linear guides, sending and closing pipes mechanism, hydraulic system and high-pressure water jet generating system, etc. Actions of sending and closing pipes as well as other cleaning operations are controlled by a numerical control system. Experiments show this device can replace manual cleaning for achieving automatic cleaning to a cellular evaporator, and it significantly increases cleaning efficiencies.
Vehicle Embedded Speech Recognition and Control System Research and Implementation
Authors: Xu Yang , Zhang Zhe , Huang Zhi Yu
Published: February 2014

For the driver in the process of moving inconvenient to manually operated vehicle electronics, as well as the monopoly of foreign technology and other issues related , a framework based on DSP + MCU car speech recognition and control systems is designed. According to the embedded application environment, the corresponding recognition algorithm and the hardware architecture of DSP + MCU are chosen, in which DSP is mainly responsible for voice signal processing work, MCU is responsible for communicating with DSP and MCU to obtain recognition results after speech signal processing, as the final control instructions .The experimental results show that the hardware platform can run normally, and control the car body light on experimental bench.
Bionic Flapping Wing Flying Robot Flight Mechanism and the Key Technologies
Authors: Yang Xu , Jin Xiao Yi , Zhou Xiao Lei
Published: February 2014

The flapping wing flying robot is an imitation of a bird or insect like a new type of flying robots, the paper briefly outlines the current domestic and international research in the field of flapping wing flight mechanism of the progress made flapping wing flying robot design. On this basis, the current course of the study were discussed key technical issues, combined with the current research, flapping wing aircraft for the future development prospects.
SCM Control Based on Matlab Simulation Technology Applications
Authors: Liu Rui You , Wang Zhi Yong , Duan Zi Gang
Published: February 2014

The SCM controller is a special digital controller PID control system, for example to achieve the simulation of the control system are established SCM control system simulation model based on the operating characteristics of the single-chip controller in the Matlab environment. Single chip computer controller is a peculiar digital controller. Based on the characteristics of single chip computer controller, the simulation model of single chip computer control system in Matlab is established. The simulation of single chip computer control system is realized by taking the example of PID control system.
The Research of Furnace Temperature Control on Thermocouple Auto-Calibration System
Authors: Li Tuo , Lai Hua , Cui Lin Lin
Published: February 2014

According to the problem of petrochemical heat equipment status inspection and fault diagnosis, a method based on threshold value of infrared image segmentation was presented. Studying the infrared image segmentation based on threshold value we can get the relationship between threshold value and the target area, threshold value and the temperature. Categories of differential variance method and optimal threshold value method of the experimental results were compared, and feasibility of this method was verified.
Application of Motion Control Card in Intelligent Feeding System
Authors: Guo Bei Tao , Ji Ze Xuan
Published: February 2014

Feeding system is an important part of NC machine. In order to overcome the problems of low efficiency and low precision, Motion Control Card is applied in the feeding system of NC machine. In this system PC is selected as the center of the system and Motion Control Card is took in charge of the details of motion controlling. By calling the motion library function software platform which have such characteristics as good accuracy, versatility and flexibility is developed. Finally, it indicates that this system has advantages of high precision, high performance and good economic in practical.
Temperature Controlling by Air-Condition Based on Multi-Algorithm Integration
Authors: Gao Yu Tong , Lei Wei Min , Zheng Nan
Published: February 2014

According to the problem that the intelligence is not high of the soccer robot, using the mechanical theory as a guide, making some mechanical analyses and calculations on the pressure and transmutation states of chip kick mechanics, and conducting optimal design too, then making the structure of chip kick mechanics more and more rationalization. Experiments show that the new soccer robot controller features a quick response and high servo rigidity, and provide a kind of method for improving and perfecting the soccer robot control system, at the same time, filling the needs of producing.
A Study on the Driving Torque of the Dynamic Gyro
Authors: Wang En De , Zhu Feng , Xiao Yang Hui
Published: February 2014

The permanent magnetic rotator of the dynamic gyro is driven by the energized radial and axial coils through the gimbal module. Angle and angle are the significant angles to describe the moving status of the dynamic gyro. By using the magnetism and mechanism principles, the driving torque of the dynamic gyro is figured out, and some important conclusions are provided. If angle, the rotating torque and the period mean procession torque; if angle, an additional torque will be produced to the rotating torque and the procession torque will be very complex. These conclusions are quite useful for controlling the dynamic gyro.
Study on Mission-Based UAV Autonomous Navigation System
Authors: Gao Qing Ji , Hao Wei , Hu Dan Dan , Li Meng
Published: February 2014

To resolve the problem of mission-based UAV autonomous navigation, flight control system and navigation control system were designed and the navigation method based on finite state rough set theory was adopted. Firstly, the whole process of the mission was divided to get the state transition diagram using the finite state machine model, and then rough set theory was used to reduce the properties and finally a minimal rule set was obtained. The accuracy was proved by the experiment, and the method can meet the requirements of mission-based UAV navigation.
Synchronous Controller for Dual Servo Motor in Servo Press
Authors: Chen Shang Liang , Nam Dinh Hoai , Thanh Nguyen Van
Published: February 2014

This study shows the results of double servomotors synchronization controller (SC) for Mirco-precision servo press. Two systems are used in this study, one is the master motor and another is the slave motor. Each system is designed separately. Also, it is necessary to use the synchronous controller to minimize the synchronization error and the motion command is transmitted simultaneously to two motors. The control system for the master motor includes a feedback controller (FB) and a zero phase error tracking controller (ZPET). For the slave motor, only velocity is controlled. The feedback controller is a cascade control structure, velocity and position controller. It can make the output follows the command. In order to reduce synchronized motion error, two servomotors are synchronized by the SC. The results of simulation reveal that the performance of the overall control system is improved compare to open loop, the synchronous position error between two sliders were less than 4μmm.
Task Distribution Model Based on Robot Capacity in Multi-Robot System
Authors: Shi Zhi Guo , Zhang Qiao , Tu Jun , Wei Jun Ming
Published: February 2014

The capacity of individual robots is divided into three types, which is described by using the state space and transfer process. Several comparative experiments are used to analysis the effects of different parameters on the individual ability. The capacity assessment for robot is obtained based on the difference analysis. Finally the method of task distribution is given based on the capacity list and the sub-tasks discussed before, which enhance the efficiency of the distribution by guaranteeing that the sub-task with the higher level is given to the robot with the better capacity.
Chaos Control in Cournot-Puu Model
Authors: Hu Gao Ge , Gao She Sheng , Gao Bing Bing
Published: February 2014

The Cournot-Puu economic model, with a bounded inverse demand function and different constant marginal production costs, exhibits complex bifurcating and chaotic behaviors. In this work, two approaches are developed to control bifurcation and chaos in the model. The first approach is based on the delayed feedback control method and can be viewed as a variant of Chens strategy. The second approach is an adaptive parameter turning algorithm in which the original adaptive method for controlling chaos is implemented. Numerical simulations are conducted to show how bifurcation and chaos can be controlled by the proposed approaches. The possible economic implications of the proposed control strategies are also discussed.
Based on Single Chip Microcomputer and C# Carving Machine Control System Design
Authors: Ma Li Chao , Zhao Ke , Zhang Li Fu , Yang Han
Published: February 2014

Based on AVR Single Chip Microcomputer and C# language design of a carving machine control system. It elaborated on design of the main control board hardware circuit of USB and upper computer control software workflow. For circuit board uneven problems put forward a kind of automatic engraving depth compensation plan.
Robot Path Planning by Generalized Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Dai Yuan , Fu Peng
Published: February 2014

For the problem that the searching speed of traditional ant colony algorithm in robot path planning problem is slow, this paper will solve this problem with generalized ant colony algorithm. Generalized ant colony algorithm extends the definition of ant colony algorithm and does more general research for ant colony algorithm. Functional update strategy replaces the parametric algorithm update strategy; it accelerates the convergence speed of ant colony algorithm. Applying the generalized ant colony algorithm to robot path planning problem can improve the searching speed of robots and reduce the cost of convergence time.
The Mixing Algorithm of ACO and GA Based Global Path Planning Method for Mobile Robot
Authors: Cui Shi Gang , Dong Jiang Lei , Liang Fan
Published: February 2014

An ant colony algorithm is a stochastic searching optimization algorithm that is based on the heuristic behavior of the biologic colony. Its positive feedback and coordination make it possible to be applied to a distributed system. It has favorable adaptability in solving combinatorial optimization and has great development potential for its connotative parallel property. This study focused on global path planning with an ant colony algorithm in an environment based on grids, which explores a new path planning algorithm. How to present and update the pheromone of an ant system was investigated. The crossover operation of a genetic algorithm was used in the ant system for path optimization. Experimental results show that the algorithm has better path planning optimization ability than other algorithms.
The PID Control Algorithm Based on MATLAB Simulation
Authors: Song Le Peng , Xu Di Jian , Shi Jin Liang , Jia Bi
Published: February 2014

MATLAB is a set of numerical calculation, symbolic operation, visual modeling, simulation and graphic processing and other functions in one of the very best graphical language. This paper briefly introduces the PID controller is widely used in the field of industry, and the theoretical foundation of the PID controller, and the continuous improvement of system performance index.
Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Test of a High Efficiency Voice Coil Motor with Halbach Array Permanent Magnets
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zhang Chi , Zhang Jie , Qu Wen Tai
Published: February 2014

This paper studies an efficient voice coil motor (VCM) in which permanent magnets (PMs) with Halbach array are mounted on the surface of its mover. This arrangement has the advantages of improving the force constant of the VCM significantly compared with non-Halbach array motor. Finite element analysis has been conducted to verify the feasibility and the strength of the design. Experiments finally prove the test results match the simulation results well and hence validate the proposed VCM has large force constant and high efficiency with the employed design.
The Design of the Intelligent Robot Wireless Communication Based on the Network Control System
Authors: Qian Jun , Yin Xiao Hong
Published: February 2014

This paper presents a design scheme of wireless communication network control robot system, the hardware architecture and planning a complete circuit diagram, and then completed the software design in detail, including the protocol algorithm, frame format and the program flow chart, finally has carried on the system performance analysis and testing.
Simulations on the Stability and Stabilization Method for Random Long Delay Network Control
Authors: Peng Tian Wei
Published: February 2014

Networked Control System (NCS) is a class of feedback control system forming a closed loop through the communication network. Due to the nodes conflicts, poor network stability, limited data bandwidth and other uncontrollable factors in the transmission, network-induced delay is the main factor reducing system performance and stability. Studying the state feedback rules of Long Delay Network Control system, the author proposes Stability and stabilization method for Random Long Delay Network Control. The method models random long delay closed-loop network control system, compensate the delay and complete the network stability and stabilization. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the validity of the conclusion.
Dynamics of Superconducting Charge Qubit Driven by AC Voltage
Authors: Dong Xin Ping , Yan Run Ying
Published: February 2014

Taking into account the controlling over average circulating supercurrent, we theoretically investigate the dynamic features of the superconducting charge qubit driven by ac gate voltage. By means of treating ac voltage as a perturbation and considering the nonadiabatic case, the average circulating supercurrents are obtained with/without the effect of decoherence and dissipative factors. It is found that average circulating supercurrents can be controlled for above two cases by modulating the frequency of ac voltage.
Research on the Iron Losses in Variable-Frequency Motor
Authors: Luo Xiao Li , Liu Wan Tai , Zhou Hui Fang , Luo Sheng Hua
Published: February 2014

In this paper, faced with the modeling problems of analysis and calculation for iron losses in variable-frequency motor under no-sinusoidal excitation, the author points out a method that the iron losses can be calculated under any magnetic field ,that is waveform-Harmonic analysis method. In consideration of the impact of Power supply harmonics, Core saturation and Skin Effect, the author proposes a new parameter -- Harmonic Loss Correction Factor. From the comparisons between the prototype test results and the theoretical results show that this method has high accuracy and strong feasibility.
Research and Application of BPJV-1200/6K High Voltage Frequency Converter in Belt Conveyor
Authors: Lu Wen Tao , Li Yu Qing
Published: February 2014

In this paper, the BPJA-1200/6K mine-used high-voltage frequency converter designed and developed with Power Flex7000 is introduced. How to replace the fluid coupling used in original belt conveyor system with the converter to achieve the purpose of speed regulation by frequency variation as well as long distance driving are discussed. At the same time, the composition of the centralized control system for the belt conveyor is discussed and the speed regulation strategy and the main control functions are introduced. The converser system has been applied to a mine belt conveyor and the running results are better.
Research on Security Access and Authentication Technology of Power Terminal Based on TNC
Authors: Yang Yun , Wu Lie , Wang Chen , Ai Hong
Published: February 2014

Along with the construction of the strong smart grid, many intelligent terminal equipments and wireless communication devices are widely applied to the smart grid, bringing convenience to the construction of the smart grid business systems as well as some serious security issues of confidentiality. The data transmitted through the wireless channel by various types of wireless power terminals in the wireless network communication is vulnerable to eavesdropping and other attacks. In this paper, we proposed an security access architecture and authentication protocol of power terminal based on the theory of the trusted network connection (TNC) and gave the specific authentication protocol process based on the practical application in the smart grid environment. Eventually, we confirmed that the design of the scheme can ensure the integrity and security of the terminal itself according to the safety analysis, so as to build the trusted computing environment of electric power communication network system, ensuring the safety of the whole smart grid application environment.
Applications of Homotopy Algorithm for Solving Optimal Power Flow of Power System
Authors: Zhang Xiao Ying , Ding Ning , Li Chen
Published: February 2014

This paper introduces an homotopy algorithm which has convergence stability to solve the alternating current optimal power flow problem. The complicated Alternating Current Power Flow (ACPF) can simplify as simple Direct Current Power Flow (DCPF). The homotopy participation factor is introduced into the linear DCPF to make DCPF convert back into ACPF gradually to realize Alternating Current Power Flow Homotopy method (ACPFH). The homotopy curves are generated to solve a series of nonlinear problems.The traditional method can not solve the unstable points,because the calculate process always turn up Jacobian matrix.But the Homotopy method can calculate all results. It is a superiority for Homotopy,and then can explore power system problem more entirety.This novel algorithm is different from Newton - Raphson method, because it isnt sensitive to the initial point selection and has the global convergence.The homotopy algorithm is applied to IEEE - 3, 9, 14, 30, 36, 57, 118 node testing systems for power flow optional calculation, the simulation results show that the novel algorithm can solve power flow problem better and its calculating speed is much faster than the traditional algorithm, it can calculate the optimal value more direct.
Characteristics of the Hydro-Mechanical Continuously Variable Transmission in the Wheeled Tractor
Authors: Zhang Ming Zhu , Guo Rui , Chen Chen
Published: February 2014

Based on the hydro-mechanical continuous variable transmission (HMCVT) of 400 house-power of Dongfanghong, the synchronization in period of contions to content to multiple period of HMCVT was established by analyzing its transmission principle, and the relation fomulas of power distributing ratio and efficiency was presented. That results showed that the characteristics of power flow at the first half and at the second half were different, when it was within the certain grade to do the boundary of e equaled with zero; while it was each grade in section points, that characters were the same; the more grades, the greater HMCVT system transmitting power and the higher the transmission efficiency of the entire system. The high efficiency features of multiple range hydro-mechanical stepless transmission, meet the requirement of tractor operation.
Research of Multi-Objective Power Network Planning Based on Improved Fish Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Yi Xin , Ma Li Xin , Cai Wen Fei , Sun Jin
Published: February 2014

According to the problem that traditional single objective network planning cant meet the demand of complex gird and key supply mission, using improved artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) for multi-objective grid planning. The paper presents a method through selecting Pareto optimal compromise solution by calculating and comparing the degree of satisfaction of each planning scheme with the reference of scholar Paretos approach of striking a multi-objective optimal solution. This method can effectively balance weights between multiple targets and improve the reliability and economy of power grid. The experiment results show the good performance of the proposed method.
Research on Centralized Short-Circuit and Leakage Protection for High-Voltage System of Underground Central Substation
Authors: Gao Yan , Ma Feng Lin , Dong Guang Zhuai , Xing Hai Long
Published: February 2014

According to the problems which are relay protection is difficult to adjust and when line fault occurs it will easily get override trip in the underground 6 kV power supply system in Gu Shu-yuan Coal Mine. This paper presents a centralized selective short circuit and leakage protection system. Which focuses on the analysis of the short circuit longitudinal differential protection, based on pattern recognition method of single-phase earth leakage protection principle, and completes the rapidity and selectivity of the leakage fault line selection . Through the simulation, experimental and field operation shows that the schemes can effectively improve the reliability and safety of high voltage power supply system in Gu Shu-yuan Coal Mine ,it also establishes the necessary foundation of the goal of "network relay protection" in high voltage power supply system for in China.
Research and Development of Graphical Transient Calculation System for VFTO Studies in Gas Insulated Substation
Authors: Liu Xu Sheng , Gao Li Ming , Wang Zeng Chao
Published: February 2014

On the basis of object oriented program (OOP) technology a method for developing transient calculation system for Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) is presented in this paper. The system is based on the graphical interfaces, and graphical component is designed according to electric main wiring diagram for primary system and is automatically converted to transient simulation model for satisfying the demand of field operating personnel.In this paper design principle and functions are described, and the calculation result is testified by the experiment at last.
Research on Real-Time Monitoring Data Storage for Smart Grid Based on the Cloud Platform
Authors: Wang Bao Yi , Zhao Xue Liang , Zhang Shao Min
Published: February 2014

With the development of smart grid, mass data collected in real time for equipment monitoring requires higher performance of data store. Hence, a storage system based on cloud platform for smart grid equipment monitoring is designed and achieved. Aiming at electric power monitoring data, this paper designs an improved PI revolving door compression algorithm, which improves the performance of data transmission and storage. Related experiments show the effectiveness of the algorithm. The storage system meets the requirements of real-time, mass, high reliability and high performance of data store in smart grid.
Multi-Objective Reactive Power Optimization Based on Refined Chaos Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Ai Ying , Nie Hong Wei , Su Yi Xin , Zhang Dan Hong , Peng Yao
Published: February 2014

In order to reduce the active network loss, increase the power quality and voltage static stability of power system, an index function of multi-objective reactive power optimization is established. Then, an improved adaptive chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. Through the using of cubic chaotic mapping, the particle population is initialized to enhance the diversity of its value; In the optimization process, poor fitness particles are updated with chaos disturbance, and their inertia weight are adjusted dynamically with particles fitness value so as to avoid local convergence. Simulation of IEEE 30 bus system shows that the proposed algorithm for reactive power optimization can avoid premature convergence effectively, and converge to optimal solution rapidly.
Current Development of Urban Distribution Network
Authors: Dong Qing Feng , Zhang Fa Chao
Published: February 2014

With the rapid development of Chinese urban construction and economic, the electricity load grows quickly. Power cuts have occurred from time to time at the highest load peak especially in the urban and rural that economic grows fast. There are many problems of power supply. Through the analysis of the Mianchi County, this paper puts forward measures to solve the problem. Taking the measures and According to the requirements of the plan, we will build a strong distribution network. It can provide high quality and reliable power resources for economic development, urban construction and people's living.
Design and Implement of the Car Reversing Automatic Anti-Collision Control System
Authors: Yang Xue Feng , Chen Li Gang , Zhong Xian Feng
Published: February 2014

There are considerable difference between the actual distance and that measured by infrared or ultrasonic ranging. The car reversing isnt intelligent enough. In order to solve the issues, this paper design an automatic car reversing auxiliary systems based on monocular sight. The system hardware mainly consists of image collection module, embedded micro-controller, and electronic braking module. On the basis of the distance measurement algorithm based on monocular sight, the real-time distance to the front vehicle can be measured and can be auxiliary controlled via the data exchange among vehicle electrical control units. The vehicle dynamic driving experiment verifies the high reliability of the vehicle automatic reversing auxiliary system based on monocular sight. The distance measurement errors are less than 2% when the distance to the front barriers is in the range of 20m~70m. The system can satisfy the real-time requirements for the vehicle intelligent auxiliary braking.
Study of Electric Vehicle Lithium Batteries
Authors: Tang Zhe Ci , Guo Chun Lin
Published: February 2014

Electric vehicle power battery is one of the key technologies for electric vehicle charging and discharging. This paper summarized the characteristics of lithium iron phosphate battery firstly, then adopted intermittent discharge method to get the battery OCV-SOC curve under experimental tests, determined the parameters of OCV-SOC models, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used cell performance model, finally built electric vehicle battery charging model.
Modeling and Simulation of MacPherson Suspension Based on LMS Virtual.Lab Motion
Authors: Wang Wei Dong , Yan Tian Yi
Published: February 2014

A model of the Macpherson front suspension system assembly was built by using LMS Virtual.Lab Motion. The kinematics simulation for the Macpherson suspension was carried out under the simulation of parallel wheel travel. The result shows that the angles of toe, camber, castor all comply with the design requirements, but kingpin inclination angle and wheel track have a little big, it is necessary to further optimization and improvement.
Analysis and Design of Information Management System for Defective Automobile Products Recall
Authors: Luo Ya Ling , Zhang Shi Qiang , Wan Su Xin , Deng Ren
Published: February 2014

Based on the Defective Automobile Product Recall Management Regulations newly issued by the State, an information management system for defective automobile products recall is analyzed and designed in this paper. At first, according to the requirements of the Regulations, the recall flow chart is offered, and demands of industrial environment, consumers, governmental departments and manufacturing enterprises are explored. Then, overall structure of the information system is proposed, including technical structure and application structure. Finally, relevant functions of the information system are designed.
The Forming Process Simulation of Magnesium Alloy Control Arm of Automobile and its Mold Design
Authors: Wang Shi Gang , Gao Fu Sheng , Chen Shun
Published: February 2014

Taking the control arm of automobile as subject, this thesis discusses the mold design with the squeeze casting forming technology and the simulation of magnesium alloy control arm of automobile in the isothermal forming process using finite element analysis software DEFORM. From the simulation, obtains the data of stress, the distribution of stress and temperature in the forming process, concluding that the best condition of forming 6061 control arm of automobile is under the temperature 400 , and rate 3 mm/s.