bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metagenomic assessment of gut microbial communities and risk of severe COVID-19
Authors: Lai Peggy , Nguyen Long , Okin Daniel , Drew David , Battista Vincent , Jesudasen Sirus , Kuntz Thomas , Bhosle Amrisha , Thompson Kelsey , Reinicke Trenton , Lo Chun-Han , Woo Jacqueline , Caraballo Alexander , Berra Lorenzo , Vieira Jacob , Huang Ching-Ying , Adhikari Upasana Das , Kim Minsik , Sui Hui-Yu , Magicheva-Gupta Marina , McIver Lauren , Goldberg Marcia , Kwon Douglas , Huttenhower Curtis , Chan Andrew
Published: June 2022

The gut microbiome is a critical modulator of host immunity and is linked to the immune response to respiratory viral infections. However, few studies have gone beyond describing broad compositional alterations in severe COVID-19, defined as acute respiratory or other organ failure. We profiled 127 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (n=79 with severe COVID-19 and 48 with moderate) who collectively provided 241 stool samples from April 2020 to May 2021 to identify links between COVID-19 severity and gut microbial taxa, their biochemical pathways, and stool metabolites. 48 species were associated with severe disease after accounting for antibiotic use, age, sex, and various comorbidities. These included significant in-hospital depletions of Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans and Roseburia hominis, each previously linked to post-acute COVID syndrome or “long COVID”, suggesting these microbes may serve as early biomarkers for the eventual development of long COVID. A random forest classifier achieved excellent performance when tasked with predicting whether stool was obtained from patients with severe vs. moderate COVID-19. Dedicated network analyses demonstrated fragile microbial ecology in severe disease, characterized by fracturing of clusters and reduced negative selection. We also observed shifts in predicted stool metabolite pools, implicating perturbed bile acid metabolism in severe disease. Here, we show that the gut microbiome differentiates individuals with a more severe disease course after infection with COVID-19 and offer several tractable and biologically plausible mechanisms through which gut microbial communities may influence COVID-19 disease course. Further studies are needed to validate these observations to better leverage the gut microbiome as a potential biomarker for disease severity and as a target for therapeutic intervention.
Assessment of Ground Water Potential Zone based on Multi-Criteria Decision making model and Geospatial Techniques: The case of Lemo Woreda and Hossana town, Hadiya Zone, Southern Nation Nationalities
Authors: Abe Mulugeta Wolde , Ersado Alemu Ersino
Published: June 2022

The objective of this paper is to assess and map groundwater potential zone in Lemo woreda and Hosana town by the integrating approach of Geospatial Techniques. For this purpose both primary and secondary data were used. Ground Control Points (GCP) were collected from Google earth; Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Landsat 8 down loaded, besides, secondary data such as, soil data, rainfall, and Lithology were collected from different governmental institutions. Ground water controlling factors, namely, lithology, Geomorphology, slope, land use land cover (LULC), rainfall, lineaments, soil, and drainage density were generated. In order to map ground water potential area, Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) were used. AHP was used for computing weight for the parameters by comparing eight factors. The consistency ratio was less than 0.1(CR -0.03) which is acceptable weight to compute weighted overlay analysis in GIS environment .The weight derived for Rainfall, slope, Geomorphology, Soil type, lineaments density, drainage density , land use land cover (LULC) and lithology are:27%, 17%, 16%, 12 %, 9%, 8%, 6% and 5%, respectively, and the groundwater prospective of the area is qualitatively classified into five classes, namely, very high, High, moderate, low, and very low which account for 14.04%, 20.34%, 26.68%, 28.51%, and 10.44% the study area, respectively. The cross-validation of the resultant model was carefully carried out using spring, and water well data. The result tells most of spring and water well overlaying high and very high groundwater potential zones. As a result, the map generated using this platform could be used as a preliminary reference in selecting potential area for groundwater exploitation.
A Rare Coexistence : Poland's Syndrome and Cardiac Angiosarcoma
Authors: KIZILYEL Fatih , GUNAY Rafet , RUM Mehmet , YILMAZ Mehmet , KETENCI Bulend
Published: June 2022

Poland’s syndrome, a rare genetic disorder that accompany with malignancies, musculoskeletal disorders and cardiac and genitourinary syndromes. There is no any study that represent association of a Cardiac Angiosarcoma and Poland’s Syndrome. 24-year-old female patient previously diagnosed with Poland’s Syndrome admitted to our clinic with complaint of dyspnea. Diagnostic imaging reveals an irregular mass in the right atrium cavity. After succesful surgery, she was discharged uneventfully and 3rd month oncologic follow-up reveals none of residual mass.As a Cardiac Surgery Department, such a coexistence has not been diagnosed and managed before. We aimed to contribute to the literature with this presentation, for right and early diagnosis and management of possible new cases on the future.
The Structure of Forest Vegetation on Industrial Landfills of Different Ages
Authors: Gorozhanina Elena , Gura Dmitry , Sitkiewicz Patryk , Degtyarevskaya Tatyana
Published: June 2022

This work is dedicated to examining the soil and forest vegetation characteristics in the landfills of quarries of various ages and climatic conditions (Kuzbass, Mosbass, and Sokolovsky quarry). The work was based on the analysis of the statements for 2001–2021. In the Kuzbass region, pH values were found to have fallen to 5.0. A similar trend was seen in the area of the younger Mosbass and Sokolovsky quarries. The basal soil respiration rate career was extremely low (about 0.3 mg CO2/g of soil/h). The CO2 content in the carbonate ranges from 0.07 to 0.7%, with the higher figures observed in older Kuzbass rather than Mosbass and Sokolovsky quarry. Analysis of soil samples from three quarries revealed four species groups at sites associated with the prevalence of specific fractions, such as gravel, sand, silt, and stony soil. The dominant species present on the gravel substrate were Downy Birch, Common Hornbeam, European Oak, Siberian Spruce, Common Juniper, Siberian Larch, Common Pine, and Siberian Fir. Given that Kuzbass is the oldest open-pit mine, forest vegetation species dominate here in the surveyed areas, which is typical of gravel soils. Mosbass is also characterized by a diversity of similar species, though work on mineral mining there ended in 2009. Stony and sandy soil fractions predominated in the Sokolovsky quarry, although other studied substrates were also encountered.
Predicting health services utilization using a score of perceived barriers to medical care: evidence from rural Senegal
Authors: COSTE Marion , BOUSMAH Marwân-al-Qays
Published: June 2022

Background: Ensuring access to healthcare services is a key element to achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 3 of promoting healthy lives and well-being through Universal Health Coverage (UHC). However, in the context of low- and middle-income countries, most studies focused on financial protection measured through catastrophic health expenditures, or on health services utilization among specific populations exhibiting health needs (such as pregnancy or recent sickness). Methods: This study aims at building an individual score of perceived barriers to medical care (PBMC) in order to predict health services utilization (or non-utilization). We estimate the score on six items: (1) knowing where to go, (2) getting permission, (3) having money, (4) distance to the facility, (5) finding transport, and (6) not wanting to go alone, using individual data from 1787 adult participants living in rural Senegal. We build the score via a stepwise descendent explanatory factor analysis (EFA), and assess its internal consistency. Finally, we assess the predictive validity of the factor-based score by testing its association (univariate regressions) with a wide range of variables on determinants of healthcare-seeking and healthcare services utilization. Results: EFA yields a one-dimensional score combining items 3-6 with a 0.7 Cronbach’s alpha indicating good internal consistency. The score is strongly associated – p-values significant at the 5% level – with determinants of healthcare-seeking (including, but not limited to, sex, education, marital status, poverty, and distance to the health facility). Additionally, the score can predict non-utilization of health services at the household level, utilization and non-utilization of health services following an individual’s episode of illness, and utilization of health services during pregnancy and birth. These results are robust to the use of a different dataset.Conclusions: As a valid, sensitive, and easily documented individual-level indicator, the PBMC score can be a complement to regional or national level health services coverage to measure health services access and predict utilization. At the individual or household level, the PBMC score can also be combined with conventional metrics of financial risk protection such as CHE to comprehensively document deficits in, and progress towards UHC.
Aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio is a predictor of all-cause mortality rate among Japanese community-dwelling individuals
Authors: Kawamoto Ryuichi , Kikuchi Asuka , Ninomiya Daisuke , Kumagi Teru
Published: June 2022

BackgroundAn elevated ratio of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) not only independently affects aging-related health, but also plays a critical role in mortality. However, there are limited predictive data on all-cause mortality, particularly in the context of community-dwelling individuals in Japan. This study examined the association between the AST/ALT ratio and survival prognosis using two follow-up studies based on 19-year and 7-year intervals. MethodsThe study included 1,573 male (63 years old ± 14 years; range, 20–90 years old) and 1,980 female participants (65 years old ± 12 years; range, 19–89 years old). The participants were those involved in a Nomura cohort study conducted in 2002 (first cohort) and 2014 (second cohort) that continued to participate throughout the follow-up periods (follow-up rates were 90.3% and 97.4% for each cohort). A Cox proportional hazards model was adopted to calculate the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of death from the baseline health check-up to the follow-up periods while controlling for potential confounding factors.ResultsThe follow-up survey revealed that there were 473 male deaths (30.1% of total male participants) and 432 female deaths (21.8% of total female participants). The univariate Cox regression analysis showed that HRs for all-cause mortality were greater for participants in higher AST/ALT ratio quartiles (p < 0.001). The multivariate Cox regression analysis with adjusted variables showed a significant association between those in the fourth AST/ALT ratio quartile (HR: 1.83, 95% confidence interval, 1.46–2.29) and risk of all-cause mortality. This association holds irrespective of gender and age, and was particularly the case for participants with body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2, without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes, and with elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. ConclusionsOur results reveal that an elevated AST/ALT ratio is an independent factor that can predict risk of all-cause mortality among community-dwelling individuals.
Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers in Cameroon and Nigeria: a web-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Aseneh Jerry Brown , Agbor Valirie Ndip , Kadia Benjamin Momo , Okolie Elvis Anyaehiechukwu , Ofomata Chinelo Janefrances , Etombi Christie Linonge , Ekaney Domin Sone M , Fru Yvonne Walburga Joko
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Vaccination against COVID-19 is an effective strategy to curb the burden of COVID-19, but vaccine acceptance and uptake among African healthcare workers (HCWs) remain low. This study investigated the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among HCWs in Cameroon and Nigeria. Methods: We conducted an analytic cross-sectional study from May to June 2021, including consenting HCWs > 18 years identified using snowball sampling. Vaccine hesitancy was defined as indecisiveness or unwillingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Multilevel logistic regression yielded adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for vaccine hesitancy. Results: We included a total of 598 (~60% women) participants. Vaccine hesitancy was estimated at 56.9% and 42.4% in Cameroon and Nigeria. Little or no trust in the approved COVID-19 vaccines (aOR= 2.28, 95% CI=1.24-4.20), lower perception of the importance of the vaccine on their personal health (5.26, 2.38-11.6), greater concerns about vaccine-related adverse effects (3.45, 1.83-6.47), and uncertainty about colleagues’ acceptability of the vaccine (2.98, 1.62-5.48) were associated with higher odds of vaccine hesitancy. In addition, participants with chronic disease (aOR= 0.34, 95% CI=0.12-0.97) and higher levels of concerns about getting COVID-19 (0.40, 0.18-0.87) were less likely to be hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among HCWs in this study was high and was determined, broadly, by the perceived risk of COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines on personal health, mistrust in COVID-19 vaccines, and uncertainty about colleagues’ vaccine acceptability. Targeted interventions addressing these concerns are warranted to improve COVID-19 uptake among HCWs in these settings.
A Multicenter Prospective Comparative Study Evaluating Cataract Surgery and Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation either with or without iStent inject Implantation in Brazilian Patients with Glaucoma
Authors: Lima Francisco E. , Geraissate João C. , Ávila Marcos P.
Published: June 2022

Purpose
Compare 12-month (12M) safety and efficacy of endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) + cataract surgery (Group 1) versus ECP + cataract surgery + iStent inject trabecular micro-bypass implantation (Group 2) in Brazilian patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG).
Methods
This prospective, multicenter, comparative case series included patients with OAG and cataract who were randomized to receive treatment in Group 1 or Group 2. Outcomes included intraocular pressure (IOP); number of glaucoma medications; visual acuity; adverse events; and secondary surgeries.
Results
Preoperatively, Groups 1 and 2 had similar mean IOP (22.1 and 22.0 mmHg, respectively) and medication burden (3.3 and 3.4 medications, respectively). At all follow-up timepoints through 12M, both groups achieved significant IOP and medication reductions versus preoperative (IOP p < 0.001 and meds p < 0.001 for both groups). At 12M, IOP reductions were 24.2% (Group 1) and 43.6% (Group 2) (p < 0.001); medication reductions were 50.2% and 71.5%, respectively. Mean postoperative IOP and medications were higher in Group 1 than Group 2 (IOP p < 0.01 all visits, medication p < 0.01 at 6M and 12M). Adverse events were generally mild and infrequent in both groups.
Conclusion
In this prospective comparative study of ECP + phacoemulsification, either with/without iStent inject implantation, both treatment groups achieved significant and safe reductions in IOP and medications versus preoperative in Brazilian OAG patients. Reductions were significantly greater, and mean postoperative IOP and medications were significantly lower, in the group receiving iStent inject with ECP and phacoemulsification.
CD31 promotes diffuse large B cell lymphoma metastasis by upregulating OPN and mTOR
Authors: He Zhengchang , Shen Shaoxian , Yi Yuyao , Ren Lingli , Chen Yingying , Tao Huan , Wang Fujue , Qin Yao , Zhai Xingyu , Li Xia , Hu Jianyu , Lei Da , Jia Yongqian
Published: June 2022

Background
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) will progress to recurrence/ refractory because of ongoing metastasis in various organizations (including the brain and testicles) and it is difficult for first-line chemotherapy agents to cross the physical barriers (Such as the blood-brain barrier and blood-testosterone barrier). At present, the mechanism of invasion is unknow and there is no effective drugs to effectively inhibit the metastasis of DLBCL.
Methods
In this study, 40 newly diagnosis DLBCL patients samples were analyzed by real-time PCR. Western-blot, immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemical staining and RNA sequence were used to identify diferentially expressed genes of different invasive DLBCL cells. Xenograft models were constructed to validate the different invasive DLBCL cells in vivo. Scanning electron microscope were used to detect the effect of overexpression CD31 DLBCL cells on integrity of blood brain barrier.
Results
Osteopontin (OPN) was upregulated in multiple metastases patients compared with single or less metastases patients. Overexpression OPN DLBCL cells didn’t respond to R-CHOP and more easily progress to recurrence/refractory. In vivo experiments, the DLBCL cells aggressiveness positively correlated with OPN. Overexpression OPN DLBCL cells formed more tumor metastases over time in mice and it also shortened mice survival time. Using RNA sequencing and in vitro studies, we showed that OPN was obviously upregulated by Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) through AKT pathway. CD31 also helped DLBCL foci hide from immune cells by recruiting function suppressed CD31 + memory T cells in xenografts. CD31 inhibited CD31 + memory T cells to synthetic INF-γ, TNF-α and perforin effectively by abnormally activated mTOR pathway. Finally, CD31 disrupted the tight junctions (TJ) between endothelial cells of blood-brain barrier by activating OPN-EGFR-ZO-1/ZO-2 axis, allowing DLBCL cells to metastasize to brain.
Conclusions
Overall, CD31 is a marker for DLBCL metastasis and targeting CD31 may be a valuable strategy to reduced DLBCL cells aggressiveness and prevent patients progress to recurrence/ refractory because of ongoing metastasis.
Upregulation of phosphoglyceric acid mutase (PGAM)-1 is related to lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Helei , Wang Daguang , Liu Zhicheng , Wang Lei , Wang Zitian , Cacalano Nicholas A. , Suo Jian
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is the most common malignancy of the digestive system, causing over two hundred thousand deaths annually in China and over 750,000 deaths worldwide. The high invasiveness and metastatic rates are mainly responsible for mortality due to GC. Thus, it is an urgent priority to explore the mechanisms underlying GC metastasis to improve cancer diagnosis develop more effective biological targeting agents. METHODS: High-throughput RNA sequencing, quantitative PCR (q-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to compare PGAM1 levels in lymph node metastasis (LNM) tissues and carcinoma in situ (CIS) and noncancerous tissues from GC patients and correlated PGAM1 expression with patient prognosis, disease recurrence and mortality. In two GC cell lines (SGC7901 and BGC823) with sh-RNA-mediated PGAM1 knockdown, we analyzed cell growth in vitro, apoptosis and cell cycle progression by flow cytometry, and cell migration in wound-healing studies and transwell assays. In vivo subcutaneous growth of control and PGAM1 knockdown GC cell lines was measured in immunodeficient mice, and the potential role of PGAM1 in the expression of metastatic proteins and activation of migratory signaling was determined by flow cytometry and phospho-western blot analysis. RESULTS: We found that elevated PGAM1 expression in LNM, but not CIS tissues correlated with increased disease recurrence and death of GC patients. PGAM1 knockdown impaired proliferation, cell cycle progression and migration of GC cell lines. In a murine xenograft model, GC cells with a PGAM1 knockdown displayed decreased growth capacity in vivo relative to control cells. Western blot and flow cytometry analysis showed that PGAM1 knockdown in SGC7901 and BGC823 decreased the expression of metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9 as well as the adhesion molecule ICAM-I, and impaired phosphorylation of Src, FAK and Paxillin relative to parental cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that PGAM1 is a novel biomarker of metastatic GC and may play an important role in promoting GC lymph node metastasis by driving cell proliferation, activating cytoskeletal reorganization and cell migration through the Src/FAK/Paxillin pathway and promoting digestion of the extracellular matrix by upregulating the expression of MMP2 and MMP9.
Predictive Modelling for High-risk Stage II Colon Cancer Using Auto-artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ishizaki Tetsuo , Mazaki Junichi , Enomoto Masanobu , Udo Ryutaro , Tago Tomoya , Kasahara Kenta , Nagakawa Yuichi
Published: June 2022

Purpose Recently, stratification of high-risk stage II colon cancer (CC) and the need for adjuvant chemotherapy have been the focus of attention. This retrospective study aimed to define high-risk factors for recurrent stage II CC using Prediction One auto-artificial intelligence (AI) software and develop a new predictive model for high-risk stage II CC. Methods The study included 259 consecutive pathological stage II CC patients undergoing curative resection (January 2000–December 2016). Prediction One software with five-fold cross-validation was used to create a predictive model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Predictive accuracy of AI was evaluated using the area under the ROC curve (AUC). We also evaluated the importance of variables (IOV) using a method based on permutation feature importance (IOV > 0.01 defined high-risk factors) to evaluate disease-free survival (DFS).Results The median observation period was 6.1 (range = 0.3–15.8) years. Thirty-seven patients had recurrence (14.3%); the AUC of the AI model was 0.775. Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen > 5.0 ng/mL (IOV = 0.047), venous invasion (IOV = 0.014), and obstruction (IOV = 0.012) were high-risk factors contributing to cancer recurrence. Patients with 2–3 high-risk factors had lower 5-year DFS than those with 0–1 factor (87.4% vs 62.7%, p < 0.001). Conclusion We developed a new predictive model that could predict recurrent high-risk stage II CC with high probability using auto-AI Prediction One software. Patients with ≥ 2 of the aforementioned factors are considered to have high risks for recurrent stage II CC and may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
Arabic Dialect Identification Using Different Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Nahar Khalid M.O. , Al-Hazaimeh Obaida M. , Abu-Ein Ashraf , Al-Betar Mohammed Azmi
Published: June 2022

Arabic Dialect Identification is the process of identifying the speaker’s dialect based on several features in the corresponding acoustic wave. In this research, machine learning models for detecting Arabic dialects from acoustic wave is proposed using ADI17 corpus with a short duration (i.e., less than 5 seconds) which contains 1717 wave files with a total of 2 hours, 2 minutes, and 11 seconds. The Mel-Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCC) and Triangular Filter Bank Cepstral Coefficients (TFCC) are used for features extraction from the input acoustic signal. The extracted features represent the speaker’s features matrix which is used for automatic recognition based on K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Random Forest (RF), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The Experimental results are validated using MFCC features with an accuracy of 76% for KNN, 64% for RF, 41% for ANN, and 34% for the MLP model, while the obtained results using TFCC features were 62% for KNN, 60% for RF, 42% for ANN, and 33% for the MLP model.
Bioaccumulation of Pesticides in the Selected Group of Fishes from Chettuva Backwater, Thrissur, Kerala
Authors: K Sreekala L
Published: June 2022

In an agricultural country like India, pesticides are a major aquatic chemical pollutant. The pesticides are a broad class of chemical and biological agents that damage or kill pests. There are mainly three groups of synthetic organic pesticides-organochlorines, organophosphates and carbamates. Fishes are the major vulnerable biotic components as they sequester the effects to higher organisms including man through food chain. In this paper an attempt has been made to study the levels of pesticide residues in order to elucidate the status of these chemical contaminants in fish meant for human consumption. Specimens were collected from Chettuva backwater in Thrissur district, Kerala. Samples were cleaned in tap water, muscle tissues dissected, minced into smaller pieces. Quantitative analysis of OCs, OPs and Carbomates were made with Gas Chromatography. The result revealed that among the OPs, Trizophos was detected maximum and it contributed more than 50% to the total OPs, whereas Phorate showed the least contribution. Among organochlorines pesticides, α-endosulfan and endosulfan sulphate were the most frequently detected pesticides. Percentage composition of endosulfan pesticide was also computed and the result revealed that endosulfan sulphate was detected the maximum. The level of total carbamate residue was also recorded. Among carbamate pesticides, Carbofuran were the most frequently detected pesticide. Percentage composition of carbamate pesticides revealed that the Carbofuran contributed more than 65% to the total Carbofuran pesticides.
Digital mapping of selected soil properties using machine learning and geostatistical techniques in Mashhad plain, northeastern Iran
Authors: Mousavi Amin , Karimi Alireza , Maleki Sedigheh
Published: June 2022

Understanding the spatial variation of soil properties is essential to monitor land capabilities as well as sustainable management of soil resources. The aim of this study was to predict digital soil properties mapping using 23 environmental variables i.e. terrain attributes and remote sensing (RS) indicis through 1500 km2 of Mashhad plain lands. To achieve this purpose, a total of 180 soil samples (0-10 cm) were taken. The random forest (RF) model combined with ordinary kriging (OK), as well as regression kriging (RK) were applied to relate environmental variables and the studied soil properties. The results revealed that RF-OK was the best model with R2 and RMSE for silt (0.89 and 0.10%) followed by calcium carbonate equivalent (0.88 and 3.30%), clay (0.87 and 2.26%), soil organic carbon (0.86 and 0.24%), sand (0.84 and 4.21%), and pH (0.82 and 5.42%). The RS covariates including band 5 (B5), modified soil adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI), difference vegetation index (DVI), band 2 (B2), carbonate rock index (CRI2), gypsum index (GI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and terrain attributes including topographic wetness index (TWI) and elevation (EL), and topographic position index (TPI) were the most important variables in modeling of different soil properties. Finally, RF-OK model with low cost and high accuracy can be applicable to use for predicting different soil properties as well as spatial information acquired from an effort to maps to managing agriculture in areas at different conditions. This method can be applied to other regions of similar characteristics and for similar purposes.
Effect of baseline status on cardiovascular responses post-isometric handgrip exercise.
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Gupta Kapil , Dave Harsh S , Singh Yogesh , Tak Amit
Published: June 2022

Background
Isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise causes changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and hemodynamic responses with individual differences. We test the hypothesis that baseline measurements affect post-exercise outcomes.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 45 males aged 17 to 22 years were enrolled from SMS Medical College, Jaipur (India). Hemodynamic and HRV data were collected at baseline, during, and after 5 minutes of IHG exercise. The absolute and relative responses were compared before, during, and after the exercise using nonparametric tests. The relationship of baseline with outcomes was evaluated using Pearson's correlation.
Results
The study showed a significant increase in the absolute values of hemodynamic parameters and LF/HF ratio during and after 5 minutes of IHG exercise compared to the baseline. However, a significant decrease and increase occurred in all the relative hemodynamic and most HRV parameters respectively after 5 minutes than during the IHG exercise. Hemodynamic parameters showed a significant correlation with baseline during and after 5 minutes of IHG exercise. Similarly, baseline affects all the HRV parameters during IHG exercise, but not after 5 minutes of IHG exercise.
Conclusion
The present study concludes that initial baseline status should be considered while evaluating the post-IHG exercise responses.
Assessment of Knowledge and Skills on Covid-19 among Frontline Nurses in Zanzibar: Baseline Data from Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Omar Hamad M. , Kibusi Stephen
Published: June 2022

Background: Covid-19 is one of the most serious pandemic outbreaks in history the world ever experienced. Its emergency and reemergence poses a substantial threat to nurses who often get close contact with patients, their knowledge and skills on managing the suspected and confirmed cases serve the foundation for positive response toward the outbreak; thus this study aimed at assessing the knowledge and skills of Zanzibar nurses on Covid-19Methods: A descriptive cross-section web-based survey was conducted in a set of 139 nurses from Zanzibar to assess their knowledge and skills for the covid-19 pandemic outbreak. Multistage sampling was employed to select the regions, hospitals and final the participants. Computer-generated questionnaires with a total of 50 items were used to collect information on the recruited respondents; data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The assessment of knowledge and skills on covid-19 among frontline nurses from Zanzibar indicate that; the overall mean score knowledge of all respondents was (20.7±3.06) ranged from 13-26 while the overall cognitive skills scores were (20.69±3.06) ranged from 8-18. Age, level of education and working experience were found to be a significant predictor for both knowledge and skills on covid-19 at the level of 5% while working at the referral was only significant to skill. Conclusion: The participants were knowledgeable and skilled regarding the topic of interest however this competence wasn’t directly associated with the study domain of covid-19 rather were significantly associated with other domains related to nursing activities such as IPC and general nursing care.
Digital Casebooks
Authors: Greiner Franziska , Wolf Stephanie
Published: June 2022

Die steigende Heterogenität der Studierenden geht mit unterschiedlichen Anforderungen an Lehr-Lern-Materialien einher. Aber auch die in unterschiedlichen Transformations­prozessen eingebundene Lebenswelt und die damit verbundenen neuen Themenfelder erfordern eine erhöhte Adaptivität universitärer Curricula. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt das Projekt «Digital Casebooks» vor und geht der Frage nach, wie die Konzeption und digitale Umsetzung fallzentrierter Selbstlernangebote zur individualisierten Verknüpfung von Theorie und Praxis im Lehramtsstudium erfolgen können. Neben konzeptionellen Überlegungen wird auch die hochschuldidaktische Herausforderung der barrierefreien Gestaltung von Lehr-Lern-Angeboten als ein Aspekt des proaktiven Umgangs mit der Heterogenität der Studierenden beleuchtet.
LIVERPOOL IN VICTORIAN DOMESTIC POLITICS
Authors: Склярова Е.К.
Published: June 2022

В статье рассматриваются особенности социального развития Ливерпуля в контексте его роли во внутренней политике Великобритании в эпоху королевы Виктории. Крупнейший город и порт Соединённого Королевства Великобритании и Ирландии одним из первых ощутил на себе все негативные последствия промышленного переворота, урбанизации и миграции населения. Как и многие другие города Великобритании, Ливерпуль фигурировал в прессе, медицинских, статистических и парламентских отчётах, как город подвалов, центр массовой миграции, трущоб, высокой смертности населения, отсутствия санитарно-технических норм и антисанитарии. Парламентские расследования и пресса указали на Ливерпуль, а также Вулверхемптон, Глазго, Дублин, Лидс, Лондон, Манчестер, Шеффилд, как города, где необходимо первоочередное проведение социальных реформ. В середине XIX в. в эпоху королевы Виктории Ливерпуль израсходовал значительные суммы денег на решение проблемы антисанитарии, уборки и мощения города, водоснабжения и освещения, жилищную реформу, организацию прачечных, общественных бань, библиотек, парков. Пионерами муниципализации и здравоохранения Ливерпуля стали — доктор Уильям Данкен, С. Хольм, Дж. Тинн. До введения общегосударственного Закона об обеспечении общественного здравоохранения 1848 г., Ливерпуль инициировал институт инспекции и санитарных врачей, жилищную реформу, систематическое вмешательство государства в решение социальных проблем.

The article examines the features of Liverpool's social development in the context of its role in the domestic politics of Great Britain in the era of Queen Victoria. The largest city and port of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was one of the first to feel all the negative consequences of the industrial revolution, urbanization and population migration. Like many other cities in the UK, Liverpool appeared in the press, medical, statistical and parliamentary reports as a city of basements, a center of mass migration, slums, high mortality, lack of sanitary standards and unsanitary conditions. Parliamentary investigations and the press have pointed to Liverpool, as well as WolverHampton, Glasgow, Dublin, Leeds, London, Manchester, Sheffield, as cities where social reforms are needed as a priority. In the middle of the XIX century in the era of Queen Victoria, Liverpool spent significant amounts of money on solving the problem of unsanitary conditions, cleaning and paving the city, water supply and lighting, housing reform, the organization of laundries, public baths, libraries, and parks. The pioneers of municipalization and health care in Liverpool were Dr. William Duncan, S. Holm, J. Thinn. Prior to the introduction of the National Public Health Law of 1848, Liverpool initiated the Institute of inspection and sanitary doctors, housing reform, and systematic state intervention in solving social problems.
POLITICAL POLEMICS IN GREAT BRITAIN IN THE 90S OF THE XVIIITH CENTURY ON THE MATERIALS OF J. REEVS’ PAMPHLET “THOUGHTS ON THE ENGLISH GOVERNMENT”
Authors: Ковалёв М.А.
Published: June 2022

Статья рассматривает взгляды консервативного памфлетиста конца XVIII – нач. XIX вв. Дж. Ривза. Выступив с критикой корреспондентских обществ, появившихся в Англии под влиянием Французской революции, и в защиту королевской власти и «высокой церкви», мыслитель оказался обвинённым в клевете на английскую конституцию группой влиятельных вигов. На материале памфлета Ривза автор статьи анализирует особенности «крайнего торизма» конца XVIII в. как альтернативной по отношению к бёрковской традиции консерватизма. Основанная на ревизии вигизма, концепция Ривза оказалась для своего времени не актуальной в силу религиозной интерпретации общественно-политических событий своего времени.

The article examines the views of J. Reeves, a conservative pamphleteer of the late XVIII century and the early XIX century. He criticized the corresponding societies that appeared in England under the influence of the French Revolution, and defended of the royal power and the “high church”, and was accused of a libel on the English constitution by a group of influential Whigs. The author of the article analyzes the features of “extreme Toryism” of the XVIII century as an alternative to the Burkean tradition of conservatism on the material of Reeves’ pamphlet. Reeves’ concept was based on the revision of Whiggism and became not actual for his time due to the religious interpretation of the contemporary socio-political events
ПАМЯТИ АНДРЕЯ ГЕРМАНОВИЧА ГЛЕБОВА
Authors: МИРОШНИКОВ А.В.
Published: June 2022

2 сентября 2021 года наша кафедра истории зарубежных стран и востоковедения Воронежского университета готовилась торжественно отметить 65-летие дорогого Андрея Германовича Глебова. Мы готовили статью в честь этой знаменательной даты для «Вестника ВГУ», выдвинули инициативу о награждении профессора Глебова памятным знаком университета…
«UNIONIST NATIONALISM» AND WILLIAM ROBERTSON
Authors: Мухин М.А.
Published: June 2022

В рамках статьи оспаривается тезис исследователя Александра дю Туа, согласно которому шотландский историк Уильям Робертсон является ранним представителем «юнионистского национализма». Указывается на то, что «юнионистские националисты» испытывали гордость от принадлежности к шотландской нации, а чувства собственного достоинства и исключительности пронизывали их культуру, но при этом носители шотландской идентичности не были противниками единого с Англией государства. Выявляется отношение У. Робертсона к прошлому Шотландии, а также степень поддержки историком внутренней автономии Северной Британии. Рассматривается отношение У. Робертсона к объединению Англии и Шотландии в рамках Великобритании. Делается вывод о том, что нет существенных оснований полагать, что У. Робертсон придерживался взглядов, которые можно было бы отнести к «юнионистскому национализму». Отмечается, что исследование дю Туа поднимает проблему, которая не была затронута в более ранних научных работах и требует тщательного изучения.

This article examines a statement by scholar Alexander du Toit that Scottish historian William Robertson is an early proponent of unionist nationalism. It is pointed out that unionist nationalists were proud to be a part of Scottish nation, and the sense of their own dignity and pre-eminence ran through their culture. However, holders of Scottish identity were not opposed to a united states with England. The article points out how William Robertson felt towards the history of Scotland as well as the degree to which he supported autonomy for North Britain. The researchers make a conclusion that there is no substantial ground to claim that William Robertson had political views attributable to unionist nationalism. This article also notes that the work by du Toit raises an issue, not touched upon yet by earlier scientific studies, that demands a closer examination
A Mixed-Methods Study of the Influence of Demographic Factors on Albanian Individual Taxpayers’ Ethical Beliefs Surrounding Tax Compliance
Authors: Muharremi Oltiana , Salé Michael J. , Hoxhaj Meleq
Published: June 2022

Many governments worldwide are concerned about tax evasion and avoidance, which has been studied extensively over the years. The primary goal of this research is to convey Albanian citizens’ and taxpayers’ perspectives on tax evasion, avoidance, and compliance. Several studies are being conducted worldwide to assess the public’s perception of demographic factors influencing tax evasion and avoidance. The principal indicators used in this paper, such as the attitude toward tax evasion and tax avoidance, are based on individual taxpayer perceptions rather than real evidence. This issue is particularly acute in many developing and developed economies, including Albania. Tax evasion erodes the government’s ability to raise revenue impartially and cost-effectively. Tax evasion creates inequality among citizens/taxpayers and economic difficulties for the country. Because of the lower revenue generated by tax evasion, the state coffers cannot provide public services such as health, transportation, and justice that are tailored to the needs of taxpayers and the contributor’s rights. However, current research into the factors influencing tax evasion and avoidance in Albania is still limited. We analyzed data from a survey sent to 387 individual taxpayers in Albania to achieve our goals. We discovered relationships between socio-demographic factors and their impact on an individual’s ethical perception of tax avoidance and evasion using empirical analysis. For the statistical analyses in this paper, we used Fisher’s Exact Test on count matrices using R studio and JMP statistical software. Based on our empirical findings, we concluded that gender, marital status, level of education, and residential area all impact tax compliance and ethics. While there is a statistically significant relationship between employment status and influence on tax evasion and avoidance, insufficient evidence demonstrates a trend. No statistically substantial dependence was found for the age determinant. The study’s findings may be helpful to researchers, policymakers’ institutions, and practitioners.
Csecsemőkor Magyarországon - Jelentés a Kohorsz ’18 Magyar Születési Kohorszvizsgálat 2. hullámáról
Authors: Veroszta Zsuzsanna , Boros Julianna , Kapitány Balázs , Kopcsó Krisztina , Leitheiser Fruzsina , Sándor Nikolett Gabriella , Szabó Laura , Spéder Zsolt
Published: June 2022

A kiadványt, kérjük, a következőképpen hivatkozza:
Veroszta Zsuzsanna, Boros Julianna, Kapitány Balázs, Kopcsó Krisztina, Leitheiser Fruzsina, Sándor Nikolett Gabriella, Szabó Laura, Spéder Zsolt (2022). Csecsemőkor Magyarországon. Jelentés a Kohorsz ’18 Magyar Születési Kohorszvizsgálat 2. hullámáról. Kutatási Jelentések 106. KSH Népességtudományi Kutatóintézet, Budapest.
All-Estate Military Draft and the Caucasus in the Russian Government Policy
Authors:   St Petersburg Mining University, Rudnik Sergey N.
Published: June 2022

A universal conscription system was introduced in Russia in 1874. For thirteen years special rules regulating enrollment of Caucasian peoples had been discussed by the government. With regard to this issue, eight special committees, commissions and sub-commissions were formed in St Petersburg and Tiflis; a number of meetings were held; and numerous notes and projects were written. The article analyzes the process of discussion of this complex and understudied topic in the government circles and Caucasian administration in addition to numerous projects and proposals related to these rules. It is notable that encouraging the highlanders of Caucasia to serve in the Russian army, St Petersburg tried to achieve several goals: firstly, to use their experience as excellent soldiers in the service in Caucasia; secondly, to ease the burden of military service in the inner provinces of Russia, and, finally, to quickly incorporate the peoples of Caucasia into the Russian Empire. As it was crucial to preserve the fragile stability in the region, the government approached the problem of conscription in Caucasia with great caution, considering the factor of ethnic, religious, and socio-cultural diversity of the region; the unstable situation there; the proximity of hostile Turkey; and the population’s fear of recruitment. The abovementioned discussions resulted in the special rules approved by Alexander III in 1886. Thus, the peoples of Transcaucasia, and “the alien population of the Terek and Kuban regions” were required to serve. The Muslim population of Caucasia was exempt from service which was replaced by a special tax.
Spiritual Consistory in Contradiction between the Idea of God and the Idea of the State
Authors:   Russian Christian Academy for the Humanities, Maslennikov Dmitri V. , Mineeva Tatiana G. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Romanovskaya Vera B. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Salnikov Viktor P. ,   Science and Education Support Fund in the Field of Law Enforcement Activities “University”
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of legislative acts, archival materials, and other narrative sources, on the basis of which a description of one of the church administrative and judicial institutions of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries is given. The principles of the formation of spiritual consistories, the mode of functioning, the specifics of cases examined by this church-judicial body are considered. According to the authors, ecclesiastical consistories performed administrative and judicial roles in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Spiritual consistories were an important element of the system of state and legal institutions during this period. The old concept of the “symphony of powers” was replaced by the principle of subordination of the church to the state. In this regard, the historical fate of the spiritual consistories turned out to be closely connected with the fate of the state and legal institutions of the Russian Empire. The historical development of the Russian Orthodox Church led to the situation when a significant part of legal issues that were of great importance to the population of the Russian Empire was controlled within ecclesiastical jurisdiction. The methodological principles used for the research are the dialectical approach, which enables to consider this problem in historical retrospective; the method of problem-centered analysis; the comparative legal method of legal knowledge.
The Religious Factor in the Politics of the Spartan Kings
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Pechatnova Larisa G.
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this work is to show how exactly the Spartan kings used the religious factor in their politics. The author pays special attention to the cases of the interaction between the Spartan kings and the Delphic priests, and analyses the results of these relations. The families of the Spartan kings very early established close contacts with Delphi. It was already Lycurgus, who most likely belonged to the Agiads, was so close to the Delphic priests that he was able to obtain from them a full approval of his legislative reforms. The author points out that the Agiads were more influential in Delphi than the Euripontides. It can be explained by the fact that representatives of the Agiads, as an older royal family, very early acquired friends in Delphi and were able to pass down these relations to their descendants. The author concludes that the Spartan kings had great authority in Delphi, especially in the 5th century BC. They managed to carry out a series of radical political actions with the help of priests, in one case depriving an undesirable co-ruler of power, in the other case — restoring an exiled king to the throne, in the third case — restoring the reputation of an illegally repressed and executed member of the royal family. The author shows that Delphi, in controversial cases, as a rule, supported the kings defending their interests. The illegal methods by which the kings acted in Delphi suggest that Spartan rulers differed greatly in their mentality from their fellow citizens.