bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental health in COVID-19 survivors from a general hospital: association with sociodemographic, clinical, and inflammatory variables
Authors: Huarcaya-Victoria Jeff , Barreto Jesica , Aire Lucia , Podestá Angela , Caqui Mónica , Guija-Igreda Rosa , Castillo Claudia , Alarcon-Ruiz Christoper A.
Published: January 2021

Background: The current COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic constitutes a significant problem for the world's public health and generates mental health problems.Objective: To describe the characteristics of mental health in survivors of COVID-19 and the main sociodemographic, clinical, and immune factors related.Method: A Cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted on 318 patients (196 women, mean age 54.4 ± 15.1 years) surviving COVID-19 from one hospital in Peru in which sociodemographic, clinical, and immune characteristics were explored. Through telephone interviews, an evaluation of the presence of depressive, anxious, somatic, and distress symptoms was carried out using standardized scales. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PRa) were estimated.Results: A significant proportion of the patients have depressive (30.3%), anxious (29.9%), somatic (33.7%), and distress (28.7%) symptoms. In the regression analysis, the variables associated with a higher frequency of clinically relevant mental symptoms were female sex (depression: aPR = 2.29; anxiety: PRa = 2.71; somatic symptoms: PRa = 2.04; distress: PRa = 2.11), proceeding outside the capital (depression: PRa = 1.61; anxiety: PRa = 1.53), the self-perception of a greater severity of the infection (depression: PRa = 5.53; anxiety: PRa = 2.29; distress: PRa = 14.78), the presence of persistent COVID-19 symptoms (depression: PRa = 8.55; anxiety: PRa = 11.38; somatic symptoms: PRa = 5.46; distress: PRa = 20.55), a history of psychiatric treatment (depression: PRa = 2.29; somatic symptoms: PRa = 2.90 ; distress: PRa = 3.80), the history of a family member infected by COVID-19 (anxiety: PRa = 4.71; somatic symptoms: PRa = 1.99), and a neutrophil-lymphocyte index greater than 6.5 (depression: PRa = 1.67; anxiety: PRa = 1.82).Conclusion: COVID-19 survivors show a high prevalence of negative mental symptoms. Some useful variables have been found when identifying vulnerable patients requiring psychiatric care.
Analysis of 6−10-Year-Old Children Feet Anthropometric Sizes and Pes Planus, Pes Cavus Predisposition in Central Anatolia
Authors: Alsancak Serap , Güner Senem , Guven Enver , Özgün Ali , Akkaş Yunis , Alkış Neslihan
Published: January 2021

Background: Information on the foot structures of Central Anatolian children is limited. Foot structures of children aged 6−10 years were shown to be different according to sex and increasing age.Objective: This study aimed to compare the foot anthropometric values by age and sex and collect the foot anthropometric data to reveal the relationship between pes planus and pes cavus in the arches of children according to age.Methods: Footprints of 335 children (180 boys and 155 girls) aged 6−10 years were taken by the foot-print method and evaluated using 18 different parameters. To examine the relationship between the parameters, normality values were examined. Independent samples t-test was used to analyze sex differences in terms of foot size and shape.Results: Correlations between other parameters were determined using the correlations analysis method. TFL (Truncated foot length), metatarsal circumference, and foot length were strongly correlated with age in the children. Foot rotation increased with body mass index in the girls compared to that in the boys.Conclusions: Planning shoe production accordingly will contribute to the development of healthy feet in children. This article focused on foot structures of in Central Anatolia and to identify early foot deformities in children. This study found that the length of the TFL was smaller in boys than in girls.
The Benefits of Physical Activity on Indicators of Cardiovascular Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Hypertension in Korea: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Ahn Jeong-Ah , Min Deulle
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The study aimed to explore the effects of physical activity on indicators for cardiovascular risk in a sample of community-dwelling older adults with hypertension.Methods: This longitudinal study used data collected from the Elderly Cohort Database of the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea between 2002 and 2013. Participants included 10,588 older adults (≥ 60 years) with hypertension. Data assessing self-reported physical activity, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, body mass index, and total cholesterol levels throughout the 12-year study were extracted from the original database and analyzed. Participants were categorized into 4 groups based on the reported changes in physical activity over time; Group I (totally inactive), II (inactive to active), III (active to inactive), and IV (totally active). Cox proportional hazard model was used to confirm the risk of cardiovascular indicators over time in each group.Results: Participants’ mean age was 64.2 years in the initial year of 2002. The number of participants in Groups I, II, III, and IV was 4032, 2697, 1919, and 1940, respectively. Group IV showed a significant decline in risk for uncontrolled hypertension compared to Group I (HR = 0.87, 95% CI [0.800-0.948]). Group II showed a significant decrease in risk for uncontrolled diabetes compared to Group I (HR = 0.94, 95% CI [0.888-0.999]).Conclusions: Physical activity is an essential non-pharmacological and self-management intervention that can be easily implemented among older adults with hypertension. Healthcare providers should be aware of the importance of older adults’ physical activity and encourage them to perform and maintain it steadily for better long-term cardio-metabolic outcomes.
Migration of catheter of a totally implantable venous access port to right thoracic cavity in a child - a case report
Authors: Xu Qiteng , Ren Yueyi , Hu Yifei , Duan Shuhua , Chen Rui , Yuan Junhui
Published: January 2021

Background: The totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) is a secure and practical choice for children undergoing long-term chemotherapy. Nevertheless, various complications still need to be treated cautiously. Among the complications, the migration of catheters to the thoracic cavity is a very rare (but potentially severe) condition that may necessitate device reimplantation. Furthermore, this migration may even be life-threatening if it is not detected in time.Case presentation: A 1-year-old girl undergoing palliative chemotherapy underwent TIVAP placement via the right internal jugular vein. During the operating procedure, the catheter tip was located in the right atrium, which was confirmed by the use of C-arm. Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics were then adopted with routine aspiration and with flushing being conducted each time before administration. Massive right pleural effusion and migration of the catheter tip to the right thoracic cavity were detected on the 2nd day after implantation, which resulted in the removal and reimplantation of the TIVAP device.Conclusions: The migration of the catheter into the thoracic cavity should be considered a possible complication of TIVAP implantation in children. Early detection and reimplantation may provide opportunities for the prevention of further severe complications.
Identifying new COVID-19 receptor Neuropilin-1 in severe Alzheimer’s diseases patients group brain using genome-wide association study approach
Authors: Lim Key-Hwan , Yang Sumin , Kim Sung-Hyun , Joo Jae-Yeol
Published: January 2021

Background Numerous studies have been conducted on different aspects of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, since its emergence in late 2019. Mutual relations among SARS-CoV-2 and neuro-pathophysiological phenomena are continuously being demonstrated, and several underlying diseases, such as those in the elderly, are positively correlated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is required for SARS-CoV-2 infection, was recently demonstrated to be increased in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients.Methods Recent preclinical studies have shown that Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), which is a transmembrane protein with roles in neuronal development, axonal outgrowth, and angiogenesis, also plays a role in the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, we hypothesized that NRP1 may be upregulated in AD patients and that a correlation between AD and SARS-CoV-2 NRP1-mediated infectivity may exist. We used an AD mouse model that mimics AD and performed high throughput total RNA-seq with brain tissue and whole blood. For quantification of NPR1 in AD, brain tissues and blood were subjected to western blotting and RT-qPCR analysis. In silico analysis for NRP1 expression in AD patients has been performed on the human hippocampus data sets (GSE4226, GSE1297).Results Many cases of severe symptom of COVID-19 are concentrated in elderly group who have complications such as diabetes, degenerative disease, and brain disorders. Total RNA-seq analysis showed that Nrp1 gene was commonly overexpressed in AD model. Similar to ACE2, NRP1 protein also strongly expressed in the AD brain tissues. Interestingly, in silico analysis revealed that the level of expression for NRP1 was distinct at age and AD progression.Conclusions Given that the NRP1 is highly expressed in AD, it will be important to understand and predict that NRP1 may a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection in AD patients. This will support to development of potential therapeutic drug to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Expressway Traffic Accidents Involving Human Injuries and Fatalities in Ethiopia: Negative Binomial Regression Model
Authors: Mustefa Yesuf Abdela , Belayhun Addis
Published: January 2021

Background: Road traffic accident is a major public health as well as economic challenge that rated the eighth leading cause of death. The severity became higher in developing countries. Ethiopian is among the most confronted countries in the world. We utilized the Ethiopian Toll Roads Enterprise data to provide insights and model significant determinants of accidents involving injuries and fatalities. Besides utilizing recent dataset, we applied the most appropriate but forwent statistical model. Moreover, we examined the significance of the effects of drivers’ age and gender that have not been the cases in the literatures.Methods: We made descriptive insights available on the basis of graphs from integrated traffic accident and flow datasets. We tested for the presence of over-dispersion in a total of 1824 observations of accident data recorded from September, 2014 to December, 2019 for inferential analysis. Finally, we modeled the effects of significant variables on the number of injuries using the negative binomial regression model. Results: we found that the number of injuries in accidents were significantly determined by type of vehicles, ownership status of vehicles, accident time weather condition, driver-vehicle relationship, drivers’ level of education, and drivers’ age.Conclusions: Heavy trucks were more likely to cause more number of injuries than medium or small vehicles. Hot and windy weather conditions were associated with higher probability of the number of injuries. The likelihood of the number of injuries were lower when drivers are owner of the vehicle; drivers level of education is above secondary school; and the age of the driver is between 18 and 23 years old. Moreover, due concern needs to be given for traffic road rules.
The Efficacy of Strokectomy in the Treatment of Malignant Cerebral Infarction Patients
Authors: Li Ning , He Chunmei , Li Wei , Zhang Liu , Li Yehai , Feng Yongjian , Ding Weilong , Guan Min , Wang Xiangyu , Wang Shiyong
Published: January 2021

IntroductionStrokectomy refers to the resection of infarct brain tissue. Used alone, in combination with decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC), or as a remedial surgery to DHC for malignant cerebral infarction (MCI) patients, strokectomy has reduced mortality rates and improved functional outcomes of patients with MCI. However, the role of strokectomy in the treatment of MCI patients is controversial. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the efficacy of strokectomy in MCI treatment in order to explore its beneficial effects on improving patient outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective study was carried out between January 2017 and September 2019 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University and Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital in Guangzhou, China. We reviewed patients with MCI who underwent DHC with or without strokectomy. We collected and analyzed the following data for all patients: demographics, Glasgow Coma Scale scores (GCS), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, observational data in the intensive care unit (ICU), post-surgery intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring, midline shift before and after surgery, and functional outcomes measured with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 6 months.ResultsWe recruited 95 patients (53 men; mean age, 59.71 ± 10.65 years; age range, 38 - 78 years). After surgery, patients who received DHC and strokectomy were associated with a lower ICP curve; decreased midline shift; and less mannitol, hypothermia, and hypertonic saline therapies than those who received DHC alone. No patient in the DHC+strokectomy group had malignant high ICP or needed remedial surgery; in contrast, 16 patients in the DHC group had malignant high ICP after DHC, and remedial surgery was recommended. Five patients received remedial surgery and survived, while the 11 who refused remedial surgery died. The mortality rate during ICU stay was 19.4% in the DHC group and 7.1% in the DHC+strokectomy group. While the rate of poor outcomes and mortality was significantly different between the two groups at 6 months after surgery, good outcomes did not differ significantly.Conclusions Strokectomy performed in combination with DHC can effectively decrease post-surgery ICP, reduce midline shift, and reduce mortality during the six months following surgery. Moreover, strokectomy performed as a remedial surgery could decrease malignant high ICP after DHC and reduce mortality.
Radular Force Performance of Stylommatophoran Gastropods (Mollusca) with Distinct Body Masses Reflect Diverging Feeding Patterns
Authors: KRINGS WENCKE , NEUMANN CHARLOTTE , NEIBER MARCO T. , KOVALEV ALEXANDER , GORB STANISLAV
Published: January 2021

The forces exerted by the animal’s food processing structures are important parameters in studying trophic specializations to specific food spectra. Even though molluscs represent the second largest animal phylum, exhibiting an incredible biodiversity accompanied by the establishment of distinct ecological niches including the foraging on a variety of ingesta types, only few studies have been previously focused on the biomechanical performance of their feeding organs. To lay a keystone for future research in this direction, we investigated the in vivo forces exerted by the molluscan food gathering and processing structure, the radula, for five stylommatophoran species (Gastropoda). Radular forces were measured along two axes using force transducers which allowed us to correlate forces with the distinct phases of radular motion. The chosen species and individuals represent different body mass classes enabling the correction of forces measured for body mass. A radular force quotient, AFQ = force/bodymass0.67, of 4.3 could be determined which can be used further for the prediction of forces generated in Gastropoda. Additionally, some specimens were dissected and the radular musculature mass as well as the radular mass and dimensions were documented. Our results clearly depict the positive correlation between body mass, radular musculature mass, and exerted force. Additionally, it was clearly observed that the radular motion phases, exerting the highest forces during feeding, changed with regard to the ingesta size: all smaller gastropods rather approached the food by a horizontal, sawing-like radular motion leading to the consumption of rather small food particles, whereas larger gastropods rather pulled the ingesta in vertical direction by radula and jaw resulting in the tearing of larger pieces.
Studying Relationships Tetrahydrocannabinol Consumption and Psychosocial Variables in a Campus: Potential Contributions to Policy Design. Why the Exponential Increase in Psychotropics?
Authors: Marulanda Flor Ángela Tobón , Giraldo Luis Alirio López , Arroyave Cristian David Londoño
Published: January 2021

Background: For public health fields, it is fundamental to understand the exponential the reasons behind the consumption increase in 9-Delta-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other psychotropics. Estimate relationships between THC consumption and psychosocial variables (PSVs) among students and professors at a Colombian university.Methods: This observational descriptive cross-sectional study was developed between 2016 and 2018 with a total of 160 university students and 60 professors from a Colombian public university of one pharmaceutical chemistry program. Using an instrument based on the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) survey designed by Kovacs (1977), participants were surveyed directly, voluntarily, and anonymously about marijuana use and different psychosocial variables of everyday life. Correlation of variables was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24, 2016. In each variable, risk factors were analysed using "Chi-square" and "Odds Ratio". Results: The findings show a significant relationship between THC consumption and PSVs in the students or the professors (S/P) group (59.8%): first time THC consumption (83%), low self-esteem (66.7%), decrease/loss of executive function (55.6%), no family support (55.6%), and no family communication (72.2%). These groups presented a relationship between risk and consumption of THC, which induces to neuro-psychosocial disorders.Conclusion: THC consumption and PSVs are prevalent in the S/P group, thus inducing a neuro-cognitive disorder. Although consumption increases exponentially at an alarmingly early age and national regulations are poor, there exists an unpredictable multidimensional impact., more scientific research is needed with a serious focus, political will, and integrative intersectorial educational interventions. Also, there is little knowledge on the potential effects of Δ9-THC in university student and professor populations. The Δ9-THC cannabinoids may have therapeutic and adverse effects, which bears interest for public health.
Attitudes Toward Own Aging and Cognition among Individuals Living with and without Dementia: Findings from the IDEAL Programme and the PROTECT Study
Authors: Sabatini Serena , Martyr Anthony , Ukoumunne Obioha C , Ballard Clive , Collins Rachel , Pentecost Claire , Rusted Jennifer M , Quinn Catherine , Anstey Kaarin J , Kim Sarang , Corbett Anne , Brooker Helen , Clare Linda
Published: January 2021

Background: It is unclear whether people with dementia (PwD) have more negative attitudes toward own aging (ATOA) than people without dementia and what factors influence ATOA among PwD. We investigated whether PwD have more negative ATOA than individuals without dementia and whether cognition and dementia subtype are associated with ATOA in PwD.Methods: Data from the IDEAL and PROTECT studies were used to compare ATOA between 1,502 PwD (mean (SD) age = 76.3 (8.5)) and 6,377 individuals without dementia (mean (SD) age = 66.1 (7.1)). Linear regressions and ANOVA were used.Results: PwD reported slightly more negative ATOA than people without dementia; this relationship disappeared after controlling for depression and self-rated health. In PwD more positive ATOA showed negligible associations with better general cognition, memory performance, verbal fluency, and visuospatial ability. However, after adjusting for covariates only better visuospatial ability predicted more positive ATOA. Additional analyses showed that before and after controlling for covariates, individuals with poorer self-reported visual acuity have more negative ATOA. Amongst dementia subtypes, people with Parkinson’s disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies reported most negative ATOA. Conclusions: ATOA between PwD and people without dementia do not differ. ATOA in PwD appear to be affected not by cognitive impairment but by other characteristics that vary across dementia subtypes. Among PwD, those with Parkinson’s disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies may have higher risk of experiencing negative ATOA due to the motor and visual impairments that they experience.
Barriers of Linkage to Hepatitis C Care and Treatment among People who Inject Drugs in Georgia
Authors: Butsashvili Maia , Abzianidze Tinatin , Kamkamidze George , Gulbiani Lasha , Gvinjilia Lia , Kuchuloria Tinatin , Tskhomelidze Irina , Gogia Maka , Tsereteli Maia , Miollany Veronique , Kikvidze Tamar , Shadaker Shaun , Nasrullah Muazzam , Averhoff Francisco
Published: January 2021

Background People who inject drugs (PWID) in Georgia have a high prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV). Access to care among PWID could be prioritized to meet the country’s hepatitis C elimination goals. This study assesses barriers of linkage to hepatitis C care among PWID in Georgia. Methods Study participants were enrolled from 13 harm reduction centers throughout Georgia. Anti-HCV positive PWID who were tested for viremia (linked to care [LC]), were compared to those not tested for viremia within 90 days of screening anti-HCV positive (not linked to care [NLC]). Participants were interviewed about potential barriers to seeking care. Results A total of 500 PWID were enrolled, 245 LC and 255 NLC. LC and NLC were similar with respect to gender, age, employment status, education, knowledge of anti-HCV status, and confidence/trust in the elimination program (p>0.05). More NLC (13.0%) than LC (7.4%) stated they were not sufficiently informed what to do after screening anti-HCV positive (p<0.05). In multivariate analysis, linkage to care was associated with perceived affordability of the elimination program (adjusted prevalence ratio=8.53; 95% confidence interval: 4.14-17.62).ConclusionPost testing counselling and making hepatitis C services affordable could help increase linkage to care among PWID in Georgia.
Crosstalk between PIM and LKB1 kinases regulates AMPK phosphorylation and tumorigenic growth
Authors: Mung Kwan Long , Eccleshall William , Santio Niina M , Rivero-Müller Adolfo , Koskinen Päivi J.
Published: January 2021

Background

The oncogenic PIM kinases and the tumor-suppressive LKB1 kinase have both been implicated in the regulation of cell growth and metabolism, albeit in opposite directions. Here we investigated whether these kinases interact with each other to influence AMPK phosphorylation and tumorigenic growth of prostate and breast cancer cells.
Methods

We first determined how PIM and LKB1 kinases affect AMPK phosphorylation levels. We then used in vitro kinase assays to demonstrate that LKB1 is phosphorylated by PIM kinases, and site-directed mutagenesis to identify the PIM target sites in LKB1. The cellular functions of PIM and LKB1 kinases were evaluated using either pan-PIM inhibitors or CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing, with which all three PIM family members and/or LKB1 were knocked out from PC3 prostate and MCF7 breast cancer cell lines. In addition to cell proliferation assays, we examined the effects of PIM and/or LKB1 loss on tumor growth using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) xenograft model.
Results

We provide both genetic and pharmacological evidence to demonstrate that inhibition of PIM expression or activity increases phosphorylation of AMPK at Thr172 in both PC3 and MCF7 cells, but not in their derivatives lacking LKB1. This is explained by our observation that all three PIM family kinases can phosphorylate LKB1 at Ser334. Wild-type LKB1, but not its phosphodeficient derivative, can restore PIM inhibitor-induced AMPK phosphorylation in LKB1 knock-out cells. In the CAM model, loss of LKB1 enhances tumorigenicity of PC3 xenografts, while cells lacking both LKB1 and PIMs exhibit slower proliferation rates and form smaller tumors.
Conclusion

PIM kinases are novel negative regulators of LKB1 that affect AMPK phosphorylation in an LKB1-dependent fashion. The impairment of cell proliferation and tumor growth in cells lacking both LKB1 and PIMs indicates that there is significant crosstalk between the signaling pathways regulated by these kinases in the context of cancer. These data also suggest that PIM inhibitors may be a rational therapeutic option to restrict growth of LKB1-deficient tumors.
Comparison of three ultrasound-guided radial artery cannulation methods performed by anaesthesia residents: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cao Yingli , Su Jingxin , Fan Hang , Kang Kang , Zhang Jiaqiang , Cui Mingzhu
Published: January 2021

BackgroundTo compare the short-axis/out-of-plane (SAX), long-axis/in-plane (LAX) and oblique-axis/out-of-plane (OAX) approaches for radial artery catheterization performed by anaesthesia residents with limited experience.MethodsTwo hundred and sixteen adult patients were scheduled to undergo surgery requiring continuous arterial pressure monitoring. They were randomized to the SAX, LAX and OAX groups at a 1:1:1 ratio. Thirty-three anaesthesia residents performed the cannulation procedures. The operators received an explanation of the theoretical anatomy of the radial artery and the operating process of three approaches for ultrasound-guided cannulation of the radial artery and practised artery cannulation on a model of radial artery cannulation. The primary outcome was the success rate of cannulation, and the secondary outcomes included the first-attempt success rate in the model and patients, the imaging time, blood return time, cannulation time, total time and incidence of adverse events.ResultsThe success rate of radial artery cannulation in the SAX group was significantly higher than that in the LAX group (71.4% vs 49.2%; P=0.009) and was clinically meaningfully higher than that in the OAX group (71.4% vs 61.7%; P=0.229). The total time was shorter in the SAX group than in the LAX and OAX groups: 51 (59) s vs 113 (66) s vs 86 (61) s; P=0.000. The first-attempt success rate for the model did not differ among the three groups. In the patients, the first-attempt success rate in the SAX group was significantly higher than those in both the LAX and OAX groups (69.7% vs 24.2% vs 6.1%; P=0.000).ConclusionAnaesthesia residents can achieve a higher success rate, higher satisfaction rate and shorter procedure time by using the SAX approach than by using the LAX and OAX approaches for radial artery catheterization.Trial registrrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry,ChiCTR200030416. Registered 1 March 2020,http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=50193&htm=4
The Role of Radiotherapy Fractionation And Volume In Patients With Early Breast Cancer After Conserving Surgery: A Systematic Review And Network Meta-Analysis 
Authors: Chen Xian , Yang Tong-Xin , Xia Yao-Xiong , Shen Qi , Hou Yu , Wang Li , Li Lan , Chang Li , LI Wen-Hui
Published: January 2021

Background：Hypofractionated whole breast irradiation (HF-WBI) can achieve the same treatment effect as conventional fractionated whole breast irradiation (CF-WBI) within limits , without increasing adverse reactions. Because of its characteristics of reducing the number of radiation therapy (RT) during the COVID-19 Pandemic, it is recommended as the first choice of treatment for patients with early breast cancer after breast conserving surgery. However, the choice of RT is still under exploration. Here, we conducted a network meta-analysis to evaluate the problem comprehensively using data from new randomized trials. Methods: We analyzed data from eligible studies for published events for ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR), distant metastasis, total deaths, and non-breast cancer-related deaths. Statistical analysis was performed using a fixed-effects or random-effects model in cases of low and high heterogeneity, respectively. Network meta-analysis was conducted using a node-splitting model for two-category data among three RTs based on a Bayesian approach.Results: 16 studies with 23,418 patients were included. For IBTR, pairwise comparison showed that CF-WBI was significantly better than PBI, and HF-WBI was similar to CF-WBI. HF-WBI was superior to PBI, but the difference was not significant. However, indirect comparison of three RTs by network meta-analysis showed that HF-WBI was significantly better than PBI (OR=0.67, CI95%: 0.46–0.95). Paired and network meta-analyses found no significant differences in other endpoints among three radiotherapies. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated PBI was associated with increased IBTR compared with HF-WBI or CF-WBI in early-stage breast cancer patients.
A Machine Learning Model for Accurate Prediction of Sepsis in ICU Patients in China
Authors: Wang Dong , Li JinBo , Sun Yali , Ding Xianfei , Zhang Xiaojuan , Liu Shaohua , Han Bing , Wang Haixu , Duan Xiaoguang , Sun Tongwen
Published: January 2021

Background: Although numerous studies are conducted every year on how to reduce the fatality rate associated with sepsis, it is still a major challenge faced by patients, clinicians, and medical systems worldwide. Early identification and prediction of patients at risk of sepsis and adverse outcomes associated with sepsis are critical. We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence algorithm that can predict sepsis early.Methods: This was a secondary analysis of an observational cohort study from the Intensive Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. A total of 4449 infected patients were randomly assigned to the development and validation data set at a ratio of 4:1. After extracting electronic medical record data, a set of 55 features (variables) was calculated and passed to the random forest algorithm to predict the onset of sepsis.Results: The pre-procedure clinical variables were used to build a prediction model from the training data set using the random forest machine learning method; a 5-fold cross-validation was used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the model. Finally, we tested the model using the validation data set. The area obtained by the model under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was 0.91, the sensitivity was 87%, and the specificity was 89%.Conclusions: The newly established model can accurately predict the onset of sepsis in ICU patients in clinical settings as early as possible. Prospective studies are necessary to determine the clinical utility of the proposed sepsis prediction model.
Effect of Preoperative oral Carbohydrate on Intestinal Flora in Patients with Multiple Trauma
Authors: Wu Ruo , Liang Guiwen , Liu Yanfang , Mao Guomin , huang zhongwei , Qi Lei , Jiang Haiyan , Wang Yue , Ren Yuting
Published: January 2021

Background: In recent years, the advanced and safety of the concept of ERAS( enhanced recovery after surgery) have been certified by many scholars internationally. One of its core concepts, preoperative oral carbohydrate, has been confirmed by many studies to play an important role in improving patients' comfort and postoperative insulin resistance. In the previous experiment conducted by our team to explore the effect of preoperative oral carbohydrate on postoperative insulin resistance in patients with multiple trauma, we also found that the postoperative intestinal function of patients in the preoperative oral carbohydrate group recovered faster. A few scholars have reached the same conclusion before, but there has been no further discussion on this phenomenon from the perspective of intestinal flora. Therefore, we aim to further explore the role and advantages of preoperative oral carbohydrate through intestinal flora.Methods: A total of 43 multiple trauma patients scheduled for elective surgery were included in the study. They were randomly divided into Cho group (n = 23) and Normal group (n = 20). The patients in CHO group were given 400ml carbohydrates 3 hours before the operation, and the patients in Normal group were forbidden to drink anything 2 hours before the operation. The subjective comfort, the first anal exhaust time and defecation time after operation of the two groups were scored, the last fecal intake before the operation and the first fecal intake after operation were taken for 16SrRNA gene amplicon sequencing.Result: Compared with the Normal group, the subjective comfort of CHO group was improved, the first anal exhaust time and defecation time were advanced, and the length of stay was shortened(all p<0.01). By 16SrRNA gene amplicon analysis, preoperative oral carbohydrates regulated the intestinal microflora of patients with multiple trauma. In the first postoperative feces of CHO group, the Megasphaera_elsdenil played a significant role.Conclusion: Preoperative oral carbohydrates can cause changes of intestinal flora in patients with multiple trauma, to protect intestinal function and accelerate postoperative recovery. Regulating the relative abundance of Megasphaera_elsdenii and Prevotella may be another way to improve intestinal function and reduce insulin resistance in patients with multiple trauma. the Trial Registration Number: ChiCTR1900021971 03/18/2019
The Advantages of Abdominal Compression with Shallow Breathing During Left-sided Postmastectomy Radiotherapy by Helical Tomotherapy
Authors: Pratoomchart Chalardchay , Klunklin Pitchayaponne , Chitapanarux Imjai , Wanwilairat Somsak , Nobnop Wannapha , Kittidachanan Kittikun
Published: January 2021

BackgroundLeft-sided post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) certainly precedes some radiation dose to the cardiopulmonary organs causing many side effects. To reduce the cardiopulmonary dose, we created a new option of the breathing adapted technique by using abdominal compression applied with a patient in deep inspiration phase utilizing shallow breathing. This study aimed to compare the use of abdominal compression with shallow breathing (ACSB) with the free breathing (FB) technique in the left-sided PMRT.MethodsTwenty left-sided breast cancer patients scheduled for PMRT were enrolled. CT simulation was performed with ACSB and FB technique in each patient. All treatment plans were created on a TomoTherapy planning station. The target volume and dose, cardiopulmonary organ volume and dose were analyzed. A linear correlation between cardiopulmonary organ volumes and doses were also tested.ResultsRegarding the target volumes and dose coverage, there were no significant differences between ACSB and FB technique. For organs at risk, using ACSB resulted in a significant decrease in mean (9.17 vs 9.81 Gy, p < 0.0001) and maximum heart dose (43.79 vs 45.45 Gy, p = 0.0144) along with significant reductions in most of the evaluated volumetric parameters. LAD doses were also significantly reduced by ACSB with mean dose 19.24 vs 21.85 Gy (p = 0.0036) and the dose to 2% of the volume (D2%) 34.46 vs 37.33 Gy (p = 0.0174) for ACSB and FB technique, respectively. On the contrary, the lung dose metrics did not show any differences except the mean V5 of ipsilateral lung. The positive correlations were found between increasing the whole lung volume and mean heart dose (p = 0.05) as well as mean LAD dose (p = 0.041) reduction.ConclusionsThe ACSB technique significantly reduced the cardiac dose compared with the FB technique in left-sided PMRT treated by Helical Tomotherapy. Our technique is uncomplicated, well-tolerated, and can be applied in daily clinical practice.Trial registrationThai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR), TCTR20201215008. Registered 14 December 2020 - Retrospectively registered, http:// http://www.clinicaltrials.in.th/ TCTR20201215008
The prevalence and types of coronary artery abnormalities in pediatric patients with Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Mehdizadegan Nima , Saeidi Kholud , Keshavarz Kambiz
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Tetralogy of fallot (TOF) is one of the most common diseases among cyanotic congenital heart diseases which is associated with 2-23% of coronary artery abnormalities. Pre-operation knowledge the anatomy of coronary arteries in patients with TOF eliminates damage to them during surgery and prevents post-operative complications such as myocardial ischemia and heart failure.Materials and methods:This retrospective study was done on all patients with TOF who were referred for diagnostic catheterization and angiography before total surgical correction from 2006-2016. All patients entered the study and all angiographic views including extreme caudal, LAO cranial , and selective coronary artery angiography were evaluated and reviewed accurately.Results: 332 cases of patients with TOF including from one month to 36 years old were reviewed. The prevalence of coronary artery abnormalities among them was 11.4% (38 from 322 individual). 9.1% and 15.3% of males and females had abnormal coronary anomalies but it was not significant statically (p-value: 0.064). In 13 of 38 patients with coronary anomalies , coronary arteries crossed right ventricular out flow tract (RVOT)(3.4%). The most common coronary abnormality was origin of the both main coronary arteries from left sinus of Valsalva.Conclusion:Compared with other populations, the abnormal arteries among the patients with TOF in our study is significant (11.4%) and accurate assessment of their courses is necessary before surgery. Single origin of coronary arteries from the left side was the most common finding in our study too.
Identification of key genes in relapsed multiple myeloma by weighted gene co-expression network analysis
Authors: Cao¹ Lele , Meng¹ Ye , Huang Rui , Wang Xiaoxue , Qin Hui
Published: January 2021

Background

Multiple myeloma is a hematologic disorder of abnormal plasma cell proliferation. Although there are some agents with different mechanisms in the clinic, the treatment of multiple myeloma is still challenging for the reason that its recurrence and progression are common. Therefore, it is critical to determine novel biomarkers to improve the prognosis of patients.
Methods

Firstly, raw data of GSE82307 was collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Secondly, the top 50% of most variant genes were employed to construct a gene co-expression network in the R.WGCNA algorithm, and module significance and module membership were utilized to identify hub modules and hub genes respectively. The gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis were carried out to assess biological characteristics. Then a protein-protein interaction network was conducted based on the STRING website and Cytoscape software. Next, differentially expressed genes were analyzed using the limma R package. Finally, survival analysis was performed by Kaplan–Meier plotter to evaluate prognosis.
Results

10826 genes were used to construct a co-expression network. In this network, the blue module was identified as a hub module in which 68 genes were identified as hub genes. Furthermore, 46 differentially expressed genes were screened in samples of GSE82307. Integrating hub genes and differentially expressed genes, we determined 14 key genes. Finally, survival analysis revealed that ten genes CDCA5, CEP55, HJURP, CDC20, FOXM1, RRM2, TTK, CENPE, SKA1, NUF2 were related to the relapse and prognosis of multiple myeloma.
Conclusion

Our study suggested that CDCA5, CEP55, HJURP, CDC20, FOXM1, RRM2, TTK, CENPE, SKA1, NUF2 may be potential biomarkers for predicting the relapse and prognosis of multiple myeloma.
Regional prevalence and socioeconomic inequalities in infant care practices: evidence from 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Ekholuenetale Michael , Arora Amit , Barrow Amadou
Published: January 2021

Background: The effects of breastfeeding practices on children’s health are undoubtedly of great interest worldwide. However, there is inequalities in the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) and mother and newborn skin-to-skin contact (SSC) in many resource-constrained settings. The aim of this study was to explore regional prevalence and examine the socioeconomic inequalities in EBF, EIBF and SSC in Nigeria.Methods: Data on 2,936 infants under six months old were extracted from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) to determine EBF. In addition, data from 21,569 children were analyzed for EIBF and SSC. Concentration index (CI) and concentration curve were used to measure socioeconomic inequalities in EBF, EIBF and SSC.Results: The prevalence of EBF, EIBF and SSC were 31.8%, 44.2% and 12.1% respectively. Furthermore, Ogun State had the highest prevalence of EBF (71.4%); while Bayelsa State had the highest prevalence of SSC (67.8%) and EIBF (96.2%) respectively. Urban dwellers had higher prevalence of EBF, SSC and EIBF across household wealth quintile and by levels of mothers’ education in contrast to their rural counterparts. We quantiﬁed the degree of wealth-related and mothers education inequalities in EBF, SSC and EIBF. There were pro-rich EBF (CI = 0.118; p< 0.001), EIBF (CI = 0.103; p=0.002) and SSC (CI = 0.152; p< 0.001) respectively. Also, EBF (CI = 0.157; p< 0.001), EIBF (CI = 0.091; p< 0.001) and SSC (CI = 0.156; p< 0.001) were significantly more concentrated among mothers with higher educational attainment. The test for differences between urban versus rural was significant in EBF, SSC and EIBF by mothers educational attainment. But this was only significant in EIBF by household wealth respectively.Conclusion: Socioeconomic status determined breastfeeding practices and SSC in Nigeria. Breastfeeding practices interventions should target all mothers, especially those of low socioeconomic status and to ensure improvements in baby friendly initiatives.
Game Designer als Akteure der politischen Bildung
Authors: Czauderna André , Budke Alexandra
Published: January 2021

Viele digitale Spiele enthalten – auch wenn sie primär für Unterhaltungszwecke konzipiert wurden – Anknüpfungspunkte für die politische Bildung. So erlauben sie z. B. ihren Spielerinnen und Spielern, in die Rolle politischer Entscheidungsträger zu schlüpfen und sich mit Themen wie Stadtentwicklung, Migration, Ressourcenkonflikte oder Klimawandel zu beschäftigen, welche u. a. für die politische Bildung im Geographieunterricht eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Es ist dementsprechend konsequent, ihre Designerinnen und Designer nicht nur als Akteurinnen und Akteure der Kulturindustrie, sondern auch als solche der politischen Bildung anzusehen. Der vorliegende Beitrag rekonstruiert aus medienpädagogischer und geographiedidaktischer Perspektive mithilfe einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse von neun leitfadengestützten Interviews mit Game Designerinnen und Designern von Unterhaltungsspielen, wie diese ihre Rolle als Akteurinnen und Akteure der politischen Bildung wahrnehmen. Insbesondere wird herausgearbeitet, dass ihre Haltung zum Design politischer Entscheidungssituationen weitgehend an den Massstäben des Beutelsbacher Konsenses – d. h. dem Überwältigungsverbot, dem Kontroversitätsgebot und der Interessenorientierung – gemessen werden kann. Gleichwohl muss der Einsatz kommerzieller Spiele in der politischen Bildung in jedem Einzelfall kritisch reflektiert und pädagogisch begleitet werden. Da sich ihre Designerinnen und Designer in ihrer Rolle als Akteurinnen und Akteure der Kulturindustrie – die keinen Bildungsauftrag, aber Kunstfreiheit umfasst – in erster Linie der Unterhaltung ihrer Zielgruppe verpflichtet fühlen müssen, können ihre Produkte nicht genauso streng nach didaktischen Kriterien bewertet werden wie speziell für die politische Bildung erstellte Materialien. Eine kritische Reflexion der Spiele in der politischen Bildung sollte sich u. a. auch dem von den meisten Designerinnen und Designern selbst gesehenen «Demokratiedefizit» der Spiele, das sich z. B. in der Vernachlässigung der intersubjektiven Aushandlung von Entscheidungen darstellt, widmen.
Im Sog der Beschleunigung
Authors: Leineweber Christian
Published: January 2021

Rezension zu

Görland, Stephan O. 2020. Medien, Zeit und Beschleunigung: Mobile Mediennutzung in Interimszeiten. Medien • Kultur • Kommunikation. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29216-4.
Cúspide em garra em paciente infantil com transtornos psicológicos: relato de caso
Authors: Nascimento Brenna Caroline dos Santos , Santos Irla Monteiro de Sant’anna , Fernandez Matheus dos Santos , Viana Vanessa dos Santos
Published: January 2021

A cúspide em garra apresenta-se como uma anomalia de etiologia incerta, sendo uma provável alteração na morfodiferenciação do estágio de odontogênese. Acomete normalmente os incisivos superiores, estendendo-se a partir da junção cemento-esmalte ou da região de cíngulo. Este trabalho relata um caso de cúspide em garra em um paciente de 09 anos de idade, com diagnóstico psiquiátrico de Transtorno Desafiador de Oposição e Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade. Durante a realização da entrevista dialogada, o paciente relatou que sentia-se desconfortável quanto a estética dos dentes anteriores, sendo eles motivo para sofrer bullying no ambiente escolar. No decorrer do exame clínico intra-oral e radiográfico, observou-se que os elementos dentários 11 e 21 apresentavam cúspide em garra na face palatina, maloclusão e desarmonia estética. O tratamento escolhido consistiu em realizar desgaste dentário gradativo das cúspides e encaminhamento para terapia ortodôntica. Sendo uma anomalia rara e pouco descrita na literatura, é imprescindível que o profissional cirurgião dentista detenha conhecimento técnico necessário para realizar o correto diagnóstico e planejar uma intervenção adequada, a fim de prevenir desordens bucais como lesões cariosas, maloclusões e comprometimentos estéticos.
Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis Peserta didik pada Pembelajaran Bangun Ruang dengan Strategi REACT Kelas VIII.A MTs Pancasila Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Putri Merlina Eka , Aziza Mela
Published: January 2021

One of the objectives of mathematics learning is to improve the mathematical connection abilities on students. However, our observations showed that the mathematical connection abilities on students at MTs Pancasila, Bengkulu was still poor. This encourages the need for a learning strategy which is able to direct students to connect with what they have learned into everyday lives. Therefore, this study aimed to examine students’ ability in understanding mathematical concepts to solve problems related to cubes and rectangular prism topic. This was qualitative study with the REACT strategy. Cubes and rectangular prism was one of the mathematics topics of the basic competencies which have to be mastered by students in grade VIII. The subjects were 20 students who took the test and seven students who were randomly selected to be interviewed. Data collection included test of understanding the concept in essay form which was previously validated. Based on the results of students’ answers, 20 students have been able to connect between mathematics problems with the learned mathematics topic, the density topic in physics with the volume cube topic, and the question problems with everyday issues. However, it was also found that some students answered the questions with different procedures.