bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Effect of Physician Fellowship Programs on Surgical Outcomes for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Procedures
Authors: Delisle Dennis R. , Nash David B.
Published: May 2016

This study examined the relationship between fellowship training of thoracic surgeons and their patient outcomes following a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedure. The study used data obtained from hospital discharges from Florida hospitals from 2006 to 2010 and linked them with the quality of the hospital wherein the physician completed his or her fellowship. Quality rankings were based on the hospital’s national ranking among cardiovascular hospitals at the time when the fellowship was completed. A risk-adjusted analysis showed that completing a fellowship in a nationally ranked cardiovascular hospital and a longer time since fellowship and residency completion were associated with lower complication rates for CABG surgeries. This is the first study to incorporate hospital discharge data, external hospital quality rankings, and physician training characteristics to evaluate patient outcomes. Such knowledge could help shape the future direction of health care training and provide an objective, outcomes-based evaluation method for physician training programs.
Development and Implementation of a Collaborative Team Care Model for Effective Insulin Use in an Academic Medical Center Primary Care Network
Authors: Eisenstat Stephanie A. , Chang Yuchiao , Porneala Bianca C. , Geagan Elizabeth , Wilkins Gianna , Chase Barbara , O’Keefe Sandra M. , Delahanty Linda M. , Atlas Steven J. , Zai Adrian H. , Finn David , Weil Eric , Wexler Deborah J.
Published: May 2016

Improving glycemic control across a primary care diabetes population is challenging. This article describes the development, implementation, and outcomes of the Diabetes Care Collaborative Model (DCCM), a collaborative team care process focused on promoting effective insulin use targeting patients with hyperglycemia in a patient-centered medical home model. After a pilot, the DCCM was implemented in 18 primary care practices affiliated with an academic medical center. Its implementation was associated with improvements in glycemic control and increase in insulin prescription longitudinally and across the entire population, with a >1% reduction in the proportion of glycated hemoglobin >9% at 2 years after the implementation compared with the 2 years prior ( P < .001). Facilitating factors included diverse stakeholder engagement, institutional alignment of priorities, awarding various types of credits for participation and implementation to providers, and a strong theoretical foundation using the principles of the collaborative care model.
Life or Death by Robot?
Authors: Stowers Kimberly , Leyva Kevin , Hancock Gabriella M. , Hancock Peter A.
Published: May 2016

Although robots are becoming widely known as aids to human success, they are likewise gaining reputations as tools of death. This begs the question of whether robots can be morally programmed. We address this question through discussion of various conceptualizations of robots in society. Using case studies, we highlight the irony of robots functioning both as heroic and hazardous agents. We conclude by assessing whether morality can be designed in robots and present guidelines for designers to attempt such a feat.
Metastatic Basosquamous Carcinoma
Authors: Bucci Tommaso , Santoro Angela , Pannone Giuseppe , Rodriguez Javier , Fior Andrea , Nocini Pier Francesco
Published: May 2016

Basosquamous carcinoma is a rare cutaneous tumor considered by some authors as an aggressive type of basal cell carcinoma having a propensity for local recurrence and a potential risk for regional and distant metastatic spread. Herein we present 2 cases of basosquamous carcinoma of head and neck region, with metastatic spread to parotid gland (case 1) and to cervical nodes (case 2). Both patients had recurrence 2 years after initial treatment of the primary lesion (first patient: surgery; second patient: radiotherapy) and at the same time developed regional metastases. We conclude that basosquamous carcinoma must be considered as an aggressive variant of basal cell carcinoma having a great propensity to metastasize even at an early tumor stage. The clinical features, the morphologic aspects, and the treatment of this rare entity are discussed in this article.
Interaction of CYP2C19, P2Y12, and GPIIIa Variants Associates With Efficacy of Clopidogrel and Adverse Events on Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Yi Xingyang , Wang Yanfen , Lin Jing , Cheng Wen , Zhou Qiang , Wang Chun
Published: May 2016

Objective:

Clopidogrel is a clinically important oral antiplatelet agent for the treatment or prevention of cerebrovascular disease. However, different individuals have different sensitivities to clopidogrel. This study assessed variants of different genes for association with response to clopidogrel, clinical outcome, and side effects in patients with ischemic stroke (IS).

Methods:

We consecutively enrolled 375 patients with IS after they received clopidogrel therapy, and venous blood samples were subjected to genotyping allelic variants of genes modulating clopidogrel absorption (ATP binding cassette subfamily B1, ABCB1), metabolic activation (cytochrome P450[CYP] 3A and CYP2C19), and biologic activity (platelet membrane receptor [ P2Y12, P2Y1)], and glycoprotein IIIa [ GPIIIa]) and statistically analyzing their interactions with clopidogrel sensitivity (CS) and adverse events, risk of IS recurrence, myocardial infarction, and death during 6 months of follow-up.

Results:

Adverse events occurred in 37 patients (31 had IS recurrence, 4 died, and 2 had myocardial infarction) during the first 6 months of follow-up. Single locus analysis showed that only the CYP2C19*2(rs4244285) variant was independently associated with CS and risk of adverse events after adjusting covariates. However, there was significant gene–gene interaction among CYP2C19*2(rs4244285), P2Y12(rs16863323), and GPIIIa (rs2317676) analyzed by generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction methods. The rate of adverse events among patients with the 3-loci interaction was 2.82 times the rate among those with no interaction (95% confidence interval: 2.04-8.63).

Conclusion:

Sensitivity of patients with IS to clopidogrel and clopidogrel-induced adverse clinical events may be multifactorial but is not determined by single gene polymorphisms.
Evaluation of a New Sonoclot Device for Heparin Management in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Dzemali Omer , Ganter Michael T. , Zientara Alicja , Graves Kirk , Behr Renate , Genoni Michele , Hofer Christoph K.
Published: May 2016

Background:

Sonoclot is used to measure kaolin-based activated clotting time (kACT) for heparin management. Apart from measuring kACT, the device assesses the patient’s coagulation status by glass bead–activated tests (gbACTs; measuring also clot rate [CR] and platelet function [PF]). Recently, a new version of the Sonoclot has been released, and the redesign may result in performance changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the performance of the new (S2) and the previous (S1) Sonoclot.

Methods:

The S1 was used in the routine management of 30 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Blood samples were taken at baseline (T1), after heparin administration (200 U/kg, 100 U/kg; T2 and T3), during cardiopulmonary bypass (T4), after protamine infusion (T5), and before intensive care unit transfer (T6). Kaolin-based activated clotting time and gbACTs were measured in duplicate by both the old and the new device and performance compared by Bland-Altman analysis and percentage error calculation.

Results:

A total of 300 kACT and 180 gbACTs were available. Bland-Altman analysis for kACT revealed that S2 consistently reported results in shorter time compared to S1 (overall = −14.7%). Comparing S2 and S1, the glass bead–activated tests showed mean percentage differences of −18.9% (gbACTs), +37.4% (CR), and −3.7% (PF).

Conclusion:

Since clotting is faster in the new S2 compared to S1, shorter clotting times have to be considered in clinical practice. The use of S2 kACT in heparin management will result in higher heparin and protamine dosing unless heparin kACT target values are adjusted to correct for the differences in results between S1 and S2.
Familial Influences on Recantation in Substantiated Child Sexual Abuse Cases
Authors: Malloy Lindsay C. , Mugno Allison P. , Rivard Jillian R. , Lyon Thomas D. , Quas Jodi A.
Published: May 2016

The underlying reasons for recantation in children’s disclosure of child sexual abuse (CSA) have been debated in recent years. In the present study, we examined the largest sample of substantiated CSA cases involving recantations to date ( n = 58 cases). We specifically matched those cases to 58 nonrecanters on key variables found to predict recantation in prior research (i.e., child age, alleged parent figure perpetrator, and caregiver unsupportiveness). Bivariate analyses revealed that children were less likely to recant when they were (1) initially removed from home postdisclosure and (2) initially separated from siblings postdisclosure. Multivariate analyses revealed that children were less likely to recant when family members (other than the nonoffending caregiver) expressed belief in the children’s allegations and more likely to recant when family members (other than the nonoffending caregiver) expressed disbelief in the allegations and when visitations with the alleged perpetrator were recommended at their first hearing. Results have implications for understanding the complex ways in which social processes may motivate some children to retract previous reports of sexual abuse.
Power in Local Russian Communities: Patterns of Interaction Between Legislative and Executive Branches of Local Government
Authors: Ledyaev Valeri G. , Chirikova Alla
Published: May 2016

Using data collected in seven local Russian communities in 2011–2015, we discovered several kinds of relationships between legislative and executive branches of local government. In most cases, the executive branches clearly dominate over the legislative ones. The ratio of resources and the politics of federal and regional authorities allow us to consider this pattern of relationship as a norm, while other types of relationships are exceptions. Configurations of power resources and instruments of influence used to exercise control over the legislative bodies significantly vary and provide different variations of local government interactions: “domination based on coercion,” “bargaining from the position of strength,” “domination based on persuasion,” “domination under confrontation.” Alternative forms of relationships (“quasi-domination of local legislature,” “temporary parity under confrontation,” “alliance in the face of ‘external threat’”) occur when the executive bodies are headed by inadequate and/or inexperienced leaders unable to realize the high power potential of their position. This reflects the important role of personalism and the relative weakness of the institutional framework in Russia’s urban politics.
Modes of Governance and Local Economic Development: An Integrated Framework for Comparative Analysis of the Globalizing Cities of India
Authors: Chatterji Tathagata
Published: May 2016

This article explores how variations in provincial-state and city-level political cultures influence urban economic trajectory by mediating forces emerging out of global economic demand and a uniform national regulatory regime. The research shows how an integrated urban governance framework designed to analyze and compare governance modes of advanced capitalist cities through a fixed set of criteria (e.g., governing relations, governing logic, key decision makers, and political objectives) could be recalibrated through inclusion of additional parameters (e.g., local political culture and scalar location of power) so as to expand its applicability to an emerging economy, such as India, having a large, mostly poor, rural population and a high degree of internal sociocultural diversity. Competition between India’s regional elites to attract global information technology (IT)-enabled “business process outsourcing” economy investments, through land-use conversion of farmlands at the outer periphery of the metropolitan regions, forms the backdrop of the research.
Concentrated Foreclosure Activity and Distressed Properties in New York City
Authors: Perkins Kristin L. , Lear Michael J. , Gaumer Elyzabeth
Published: May 2016

Recent research suggests that foreclosures have negative effects on homeowners and neighborhoods. We examine the association between concentrated foreclosure activity and the risk of a property with a foreclosure filing being scheduled for foreclosure auction in New York City. Controlling for individual property and sociodemographic characteristics of the neighborhood, being located in a tract with a high number of auctions following the subject property’s own foreclosure filing is associated with a significantly higher probability of scheduled foreclosure auction for the subject property. Concentration of foreclosure filings prior to the subject property’s own foreclosure filing is associated with a lower probability of scheduled foreclosure auction. Concentrated foreclosure auctions in the tract prior to a subject property’s own filing is not significantly associated with the probability of scheduled foreclosure auction. The implications for geographic targeting of foreclosure policy interventions are discussed.
Incented Voluntary Municipal Mergers as a Two-Stage Process: Evidence from the Swiss Canton of Fribourg
Authors: Strebel Michael A.
Published: May 2016

Voluntary mergers of local jurisdictions in Europe gained in importance in the last two decades. A debated but rarely analyzed issue in this field is the impact of different local characteristics on the probability to merge. The article contributes to this debate by assessing the importance of local determinants in two stages of a merger process. The quantitative study of a large-scale territorial reform in the Swiss canton of Fribourg shows that factors linked to the functional dimension of local government, such as economic hardship, explain the start of a merger process but not the decision taken at the ballots. Here, factors associated with the political dimension of local government, such as political power considerations, offer a better explanation. These findings might be explained by the variation of different political actors’ strength along the two stages of a merger process.
Prolonged Intraoperative Cardiac Resuscitation Complicated by Intracardiac Thrombus in a Patient Undergoing Orthotopic Liver Transplantation
Authors: Kim Sang , DeMaria Samuel , Cohen Edmond , Silvay George , Zerillo Jeron
Published: May 2016

We report the case of successful resuscitation after prolonged cardiac arrest during orthotopic liver transplantation. After reperfusion, the patient developed ventricular tachycardia, complicated by intracardiac clot formation and massive hemorrhage. Transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated stunned and nonfunctioning right and left ventricles, with developing intracardiac clots. Treatment with heparin, massive transfusion and prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation ensued for 51 minutes. Serial arterial blood gases demonstrated adequate oxygenation and ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Cardiothoracic surgery was consulted for potential use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, however, the myocardial function improved and the surgery was completed without further intervention. On postoperative day 6, the patient was extubated without neurologic or cardiac impairment. The patient continues to do well 2 years posttransplant, able to perform independent daily activities of living and his previous job. This case underscores the potential for positive outcomes with profoundly prolonged, effective advanced cardiovascular life support in patients who experience postreperfusion syndrome.
Public Perceptions of the Justifiability of Police Shootings: The Role of Body Cameras in a Pre- and Post-Ferguson Experiment
Authors: Culhane Scott E. , Boman John H. , Schweitzer Kimberly
Published: May 2016

We conducted two studies, wherein participants from across the United States watched, heard, or read the transcript of an actual police shooting event. The data for Study 1 were collected prior to media coverage of a widely publicized police shooting in Ferguson, Missouri. Results indicated that participants who could hear or see the event were significantly more likely to perceive the shooting was justified than they were when they read a transcript of the encounter. Shortly after the events in Ferguson, Missouri, we replicated the first study, finding quite different results. Although dissatisfaction with the shooting was seen in all forms of presentation, video evidence produced the highest citizen perceptions of an unjustified shooting and audio evidence produced the least. Citizens were nonetheless overwhelmingly favorable to requiring police to use body cameras. Body-mounted cameras with high-quality audio capabilities are recommended for police departments to consider.
Duration of Venodilation for Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation, as Induced by a Thermal Stimulus on the Forearm
Authors: Tokizawa Yuki , Tsujimoto Tomomi , Inoue Tomoko
Published: May 2016

Background:

Application of a thermal stimulus is a common procedure used to promote venodilation for peripheral intravenous cannulation (PIVC); however, the effects of thermal stimulation on the duration of venodilation and skin temperature of the forearm are unclear.

Aim:

To investigate the duration of venodilation induced by a thermal stimulus on the forearm.

Method:

Healthy female adults ( N = 40) from Japan participated in this study from November to December 2013. A heat pack was warmed to 40°C ± 2°C and placed over the forearm for 15 min. Vein diameter was measured via ultrasound and skin temperature via temperature sensor at six time points: before application of the thermal stimulus and at 1-min intervals for 5 min upon removal of the thermal stimulus. The main outcomes were vein diameter, proportional change in vein diameter, and skin temperature. We calculated proportional change in vein diameter after application of the thermal stimulus using vein diameter before the thermal stimulus to represent 100%.

Results:

Compared with vein diameter before thermal stimulus, the diameter at each time point after thermal stimulus was significantly increased ( p < .05) as were proportional change in vein diameter ( p < .05) and skin temperature.

Conclusion:

A thermal stimulus of 40°C ± 2°C on the forearm dilated veins significantly for PIVC, and the effect persisted for at least 5 min.
Women as film directors in Turkish cinema
Authors: Uğur Tanrıöver Hulya
Published: May 2016

Representations of women, or more exactly of gender, and the presence and works of women filmmakers constitute an important area of analysis for gender studies and feminist film theories. In Turkey the presence and the participation of women in the public sphere have been one of the important objectives of the Kemalist modernization project since the founding of the modern nation-state in 1923. However, despite the modernizing efforts to empower women in different spheres of life there was no woman director in Turkish commercial feature cinema until the beginning of the 1950s. Since the beginning of the 2000s the number of women directors has increased significantly, reaching a number well above that of the entire period before. This article investigates the reasons behind this increase based on quantitative data gathered from secondary sources and in-depth interviews with women producers and directors. It also questions whether and to what extent the increase in the number of women film directors contributed to the production of ‘women’s films’, based on a qualitative analysis of films produced by women directors between the years 2004 and 2013. The results show that in addition to technological and aesthetic changes in the industry, the increase in the availability of international and national public funding for low-budget independent film productions and the enlargement of the women’s movement allowed more women directors to enter the film industry. While half of the films made by women directors in the 2000s could be qualified as ‘women films’, the other half remained, largely due to market forces, within the conventions of popular or art house cinema.
Synthesis and tribological behavior of novel wear-resistant PEEK–Ti3SiC2 composites
Authors: Ghosh S , Dunnigan R , Gupta S
Published: May 2016

In this article, the authors report the synthesis and tribological behavior of Ti3SiC2–PEEK composites during dry sliding. These composites were designed by adding 5 vol.% (PEEK–5%312Si), 10 vol.% (PEEK–10%312Si), 20 vol.% (PEEK–20%312Si), and 30 vol.% Ti3SiC2 (PEEK–30%312Si) particulates in the PEEK matrix. Tab-on-disc method was used to study the tribological behavior of these samples during self-mating. As the Ti3SiC2 content in PEEK was increased from 0 to 30 vol.%, the µmean decreased from ∼0.19 to ∼0.14 in PEEK–10%312Si, thereafter, it increased to ∼0.21 in PEEK–20%312Si and PEEK–30%312Si, respectively. The addition of Ti3SiC2 particulates had a huge on impact on the wear resistance, e.g. PEEK–5%312Si was 27 times more wear resistant than the PEEK. It is hypothesized that the presence of Ti3SiC2 particulates lubricated the tribocontact areas and assisted in the formation of Type IIIa lubricious tribofilms.
The influence of material properties on the wear of abradable materials
Authors: Fois N , Watson M , Marshall MB
Published: May 2016

In aero-engines it is possible for the blades of the compressor, turbine or fan to incur into their casings. At these interfaces a lining of composite abradable material is used to limit damage to components and thereby sustain the efficiency and longevity of the engine as a whole. These composite materials must have good abradability and erosion resistance. Previously, the wear mechanisms at the contact between the blade and the coating have been characterised using stroboscopic imaging and force measurement on a scaled test-rig platform. This work is focused on the characterisation of the wear mechanism for two different hardnesses of abradable lining. The established stroboscopic imaging technique and contact force measurements are combined with sectioning of the abradable material in order to analyse the material’s response during the tests. A measure of the thermal properties and the resulting temperature of the linings during the test have also been made to further understand the effect of coating hardness. The wear mechanism, material response, contact force and thermal properties of the coating have been used to characterise the different material behaviour with different hardness. At low incursion rates, with a soft coating, the blade tip becomes worn after an initial adhesive transfer from the coating. Post-test sectioning showed blade material and significant compaction present in the coating. The harder coating produced adhesion on the blade tip with solidification observed in the coating. Thermal diffusivity measurements and modelling indicated that thermally driven wear observed was as a consequence of the increased number of boundaries between the metal and hBN phases present interrupting heat flow, leading to a concentration of surface heat. At higher incursion rates, the wear mechanism is more similar between the coatings and a cutting mechanism dominates producing negligible adhesion and blade wear.
Beyond awareness of ‘difference’ and towards social action: ‘Solidarity practice’ alongside young people
Authors: Afuape Taiwo
Published: May 2016

Who I am as a working-class black African woman cannot be disconnected from how I work. It shapes my lens with regard to power, difference and liberation. It is not surprising that I have been drawn to social justice approaches to psychological intervention, such as Narrative Therapy, Coordinated Management of Meaning (CMM), social constructionist systemic therapy and liberation psychology. These practices involve taking up the cause of the oppressed in ways that respect them as agents of their own liberation. In this article, I describe what I term ‘solidarity practice’ with young people and their families as a counter force resisting the increasingly blaming and individualising discourse of mainstream psychology, psychiatry and social policy.
What motivates individuals with sickle cell disease to talk with others about their illness? Reasons for and against sickle cell disease disclosure
Authors: Derlega Valerian J , Maduro Ralitsa S , Janda Louis H , Chen Ian A , Goodman Benjamin M
Published: May 2016

This interview study documented how individuals with sickle cell disease make decisions about who to talk with concerning their illness based on psychological and interpersonal issues that are important to them. Reasons for sickle cell disease disclosure to specific persons were self-related (receiving support, venting feelings), other-related (educating others about sickle cell disease, forewarning others about sickle cell disease-related problems, someone asked for information about the disease), or situational (mostly focusing on another person being physically close or available to talk to). Reasons for sickle cell disease nondisclosure to specific persons were self-related (fear of rejection, being stereotyped, maintaining privacy) or other-related (lack of support, not worrying someone).
Asperger syndrome in males over two decades: Quality of life in relation to diagnostic stability and psychiatric comorbidity
Authors: Helles Adam , Gillberg I Carina , Gillberg Christopher , Billstedt Eva
Published: May 2016

This study examined objective quality of life (work, academic success, living situation, relationships, support system) and subjective quality of life (Sense of Coherence and Short-Form Health Survey-36) in an adult sample of males ( n = 50, mean age: 30 years) with Asperger syndrome diagnosed in childhood and followed prospectively over two decades. The association between long-term diagnostic stability of an autism spectrum disorder and/or comorbid psychiatric disorders with quality of life was also examined. The results showed great variability as regards quality of life. The subsample that no longer fulfilled an autism spectrum disorder had full-time jobs or studies (10/11), independent living (100%), and reported having two or more friends (100%). In the stable autism spectrum disorder group, 41% had full-time job or studies, 51% lived independently, and 33% reported two or more friends, and a significant minority had specialized employments, lived with support from the government, or had no friends. Academic success was positively correlated with IQ. A majority of the total group scored average Sense of Coherence scores, and the mean for Short-Form Health Survey-36 was above average regarding psychical health and below average regarding mental health. Stability of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis was associated with objective but not subjective quality of life, while psychiatric comorbidity was associated with subjective but not objective quality of life.
Bisexuality, social identity, and well-being: An exploratory study
Authors: Flanders Corey E
Published: May 2016

This study investigated whether elements of Social Identity Theory (SIT) and Self-Categorization Theory (SCT) appropriately described experiences of bisexual people in terms of accurately predicting the effect of self-stereotyping on well-being. Previous research has indicated that self-stereotyping is protective for members of marginalized groups. This study manipulated prototypicality, or self-stereotyping, to determine whether it affected well-being for bisexual-identified people. Forty-two bisexual participants were told either they were a strong or weak representation of a prototypical bisexual person, after which several well-being measures were taken. Female participants reported significantly higher levels of negative affect in the high prototypic group, indicating SIT and SCT may not operate the same way for bisexuality as they do for other social identities.
Civil Partnership and marriage: LGBT-Q political pragmatism and the normalization imperative
Authors: Neary Aoife
Published: May 2016

The last decade has seen significant change in LGBT-Q politics in many (neo)liberal democracies. In Ireland, Civil Partnership (CP) was signed into law in 2010. While LGBT-Q advocacy groups had been divided over the terms of CP, they presented a united front in favour of marriage and in May 2015, Ireland became the first country in the world to vote in favour of same-sex marriage in a constitutional referendum. This article begins from a personal moment as I sat in a television audience where a polarized debate – mainstream ‘progressive’ Left in favour of marriage equality versus ‘conservative’ religious Right against – ensued. It draws on interviews with five advocates in LGBT-Q politics and an analysis of print media related to CP and marriage from January 2010 until January 2014. This article inquires into the discourses and decision-making as CP and marriage emerged. It is anchored by the work of Michel Foucault, Judith Butler and others, focusing on the concepts of discourse, truth, normalization and equality. I demonstrate how the advocates adopted a politics of pragmatism and employed integrative, assimilationist strategies in line with consensus politics. I show how these approaches played their part in foreclosing radical sexual politics or broader kinship discussions. The article asserts that the advocates were motivated by how CP/marriage had the potential to achieve ‘real life’, large-scale cultural change through normalization. However, I demonstrate how mobilizing a politics of change based on normalization and sameness simultaneously (re)produces an ‘acceptable’ sexual citizen and reassigns ‘others’ as peripheral.
‘It’s better than daytime television’: questioning the socio-spatial impacts of massage parlours on residential communities
Authors: Cooper Emily
Published: May 2016

It has been shown that street sex work is problematic for some communities, but there is less evidence of the effects of brothels. Emerging research also suggests that impact discourses outlined by residential communities and in regulatory policies should be critiqued, because they are often based on minority community voices, and limited tangible evidence is used to mask wider moral viewpoints about the place of sex work. Using a study of residents living in close proximity to brothels in Blackpool, this article argues that impact is socially and spatially fluid. Impact needs to be evaluated in a more nuanced manner, which is considerate of the heterogeneity of (even one type of) sex work, and the community in question. Brothels in Blackpool had a variety of roles in the everyday socio-spatial fabric; thus also questioning the common assumption that sex work only impacts negatively on residential communities.
Disorderly conduct: Feminist nudity in Chinese protest movements
Authors: Jacobs Katrien
Published: May 2016

The essay contributes to Cultural Studies as an evaluation of changing practices of media and social activism while highlighting theories of feminism and dialogic aesthetics. More specifically, it discusses women’s use of online self-photography as a protest medium and a platform for feminist activism within two distinctive protest movements, the Umbrella Movement of Fall 2014 and the mainland Chinese feminist movement of 2012–2013. Forerunners of these movements in mainland China can be found in the work of performance artists and sex bloggers such as Ye Haiyan and Muzimei, who have used bulletin board systems and blogs to lay bare their sex lives and the cultural mechanisms of misogyny. Their performances in public spaces and their online postings have also elicited public brawls and significant responses within governmental agencies (Farrer, 2007; Tong, 2011).

The article posits that these discourses also have a historical lineage in the ‘light’ or ‘fleeting’ dissident writings of the Cultural Revolution that generated large-scale responses but did not aim at becoming earnest or solidified works of art (Voci, 2010). In this vein, nudity is employed to titillate and stir fellow netizens rather than offering a coherent and embodied stance. It offers flippant gestures and statements that come to signify ideology within online social movements.
Helping mixed heritage children develop ‘character and resilience’ in schools
Authors: Lewis Kirstin
Published: May 2016

Recent UK government policy suggests that all schools have a key role to play in building ‘character and resilience’ in children. This article draws on data from a wider research project, exploring the school experiences of mixed White/Black Caribbean and mixed White/Black African children in two London secondary schools. Because data from this project suggest that many children experienced adversity at school, a theoretical framework previously developed by Ungar et al. was used to assess how they coped with adversity and to what extent their schools supported them with it. Findings revealed that although positive relationships with adults were essential, teachers could not offer the necessary support and guidance because they were unaware of mixed heritage children’s needs and any challenges they faced. This article asks whether such a framework might prove useful in supporting teachers to understand what factors develop ‘character and resilience’ and the ways in which they might therefore support children to cope.
Working sole parents and feminist perspectives on the intersection of gender and time
Authors: Nockolds Danielle
Published: May 2016

Clock-time has been consistently represented in feminist literature as a masculine artefact representative of a ‘time is money’ perspective. This has often resulted in dichotomous conceptualisations of ‘women’s time’ as contrary to clock-time, and clock-time as synonymous with economic rationalism. This article considers the everyday practices of 10 working sole fathers and 17 working sole mothers to explore conceptualisations of gendered time. It is proposed that caring time is often more focused on the clock than generally theorised, and that utilising the clock as a tool can be consistent with a caring rationality. It is also demonstrated that caregiving fathers’ experiences of time shift with their increased responsibility for their children. While dichotomies of ‘men’s time’, ‘women’s time’, clock-time, and caring time can be analytically useful, this article argues that everyday caring practices incorporate a multiplicity of times; and both men and women can engage in these multiples times.
Surveying theoretical approaches within digital religion studies
Authors: Campbell Heidi A
Published: May 2016

This article provides an overview of the development of Digital Religion studies and the theoretical approaches frequently employed within this area. Through considering the ways and theories of mediatization, mediation of meaning, and the religious–social shaping of technology have been engaged and applied in studies of new media technologies, religion, and digital culture we see how Digital Religion studies has grown into a unique area of inquiry informed by both Internet studies and media, religion, and culture studies. Overall, it offers a concise summary of the current state of research inquiry within Digital Religion studies.
Not blogging, drinking: Peer learning, sociality and intercultural learning in study abroad
Authors: Tonkin Kati , Bourgault du Coudray Chantal
Published: May 2016

Research into study abroad students’ intercultural learning has demonstrated a need to provide pedagogical support before, during and after the study abroad experience. This article reports on the authors’ efforts to support the in-country learning of Australian study abroad students through an online guided reflection exercise (blog) with a peer-learning component. Our findings suggest that exposing students to theories of intercultural learning prior to the study abroad experience opens them to the possibility of such learning occurring. However, the unanticipated discovery that the students’ most significant intercultural learning stemmed from the processes of social drinking rather than online interaction emphasizes that participation in an unfamiliar culture is an embodied and social experience, and suggests that concentration of pedagogical efforts in familiar and disembodied online spaces may disconnect students from the very experiences on which we wish them to reflect. We therefore recommend that instructors design opportunities for peer learning through embodied social interactions between outgoing and incoming study abroad students, framed by explicit discussion of concepts in intercultural learning. Such scaffolding is likely to be more sustainable in the current Australian fiscal environment than the intensive in-country instructor intervention that is common in the North American context.
Examination of Teacher Knowledge, Dissemination Preferences, and Classroom Management of Student Concussions: Implications for Return-to-Learn Protocols
Authors: Dreer Laura E. , Crowley Maria T. , Cash Augusta , O’Neill Jilian A. , Cox Molly K.
Published: May 2016

Objectives. To determine teacher knowledge of (1) concussion symptomatology, (2) dissemination preferences, and (3) classroom management practices of student concussions. Study Design. A cross-sectional survey assessing concussion-related information was completed by teachers/instructors in the state of Alabama. Results. One-hundred and thirty participants completed the survey. Only a quarter perceived they were “very” or “extremely” confident enough to recognize signs related to a concussion (22.3%), and only 12.4% reported they were “very knowledgeable” about concussions. The majority were able to recognize more common concussion symptoms/challenges: headaches (95.4%), trouble concentrating (86.2%), memory (82.3%), balance problems/dizziness (82.3%), changes vision/hearing (76.2%), difficulty completing tasks (70.8%), difficulty making decisions (66.2%), changes in sleep (61.5%), and fatigue (60.8%); only half recognized emotional symptoms (e.g., mood) or symptoms associated with more prolonged recovery. Concussion informants were school nurses (74.4%), followed by parents (46.2%), students (46.2%), and coaches/athletic trainers (45.4%). A little under half of participants received concussion information as part of their job (41.9%). About 14.1% of teachers reported that someone had come to their school to talk with them as a group about concussions, and 82% felt they needed more information. Of the 37% who taught a concussed student, 83% reported they altered the classroom management strategies. Conclusions. In general, teachers were able to recognize the more commonly experienced concussion symptoms as well as management strategies. However, they appear to want greater concussion information and training. Given the daily influence of teachers on student tasks involving cognitive exertion, incorporation of formal concussion education for teachers is warranted.
Social Media Self-Efficacy of Health Education Specialists
Authors: Alber Julia M. , Paige Samantha , Stellefson Michael , Bernhardt Jay M.
Published: May 2016

A growing number of public health organizations are applying the power of social media (SM) for health promotion and behavior change. This cross-sectional study of health education specialists (n = 353) examined which demographic and occupational factors were associated with SM self-efficacy, and evaluated SM self-efficacy related to each of the Seven Areas of Responsibility. A series of one-way analyses of variance were conducted to determine whether differences in SM self-efficacy existed by sex, age, years of work experience, and SM access at work. A multiple linear regression examined the relationship between SM self-efficacy and SM experience when controlling for demographic and occupational factors. Statistically significant differences in SM self-efficacy existed by age, F(2, 289) = 6.54, p = .002. SM experience (β = 1.43, t = 11.35, p < .001) was a statistically significant predictor of SM self-efficacy, even after controlling for age, sex, years of work experience, and level of SM access, F(5, 290) = 30.88, p < .001, R2 = .35. Results revealed statistically significant differences in mean SM self-efficacy scores by the Areas of Responsibility, F(4.69, 1425.46) = 22.46, p < .001. Professional health organizations should have policies in place and trainings that are conducive to learning and applying SM for health education research and practice.
Yes, We Are Still Talking About Diversity
Authors: Miller Dyce Cherrel , Owusu-Ansah Angela
Published: May 2016

Using data from preservice teachers enrolled in a diversity course in a predominantly White teacher education program, researchers uncovered that diversity education was indeed a catalyst for preservice teachers to increase knowledge of diversity and their understanding of the process of critically reflecting on their teaching and learning practices. The findings revealed that the teachers not only taught with cultural relevance in mind but also adopted a philosophy of education that incorporates social reconstructionism and transformative learning, viewing themselves as social justice advocates for children and families.
Error modeling and tolerance design of a parallel manipulator with full-circle rotation
Authors: Ni Yanbing , Shao Cuiyan , Zhang Biao , Guo Wenxia
Published: May 2016

A method for improving the accuracy of a parallel manipulator with full-circle rotation is systematically investigated in this work via kinematic analysis, error modeling, sensitivity analysis, and tolerance allocation. First, a kinematic analysis of the mechanism is made using the space vector chain method. Using the results as a basis, an error model is formulated considering the main error sources. Position and orientation error-mapping models are established by mathematical transformation of the parallelogram structure characteristics. Second, a sensitivity analysis is performed on the geometric error sources. A global sensitivity evaluation index is proposed to evaluate the contribution of the geometric errors to the accuracy of the end-effector. The analysis results provide a theoretical basis for the allocation of tolerances to the parts of the mechanical design. Finally, based on the results of the sensitivity analysis, the design of the tolerances can be solved as a nonlinearly constrained optimization problem. A genetic algorithm is applied to carry out the allocation of the manufacturing tolerances of the parts. Accordingly, the tolerance ranges for nine kinds of geometrical error sources are obtained. The achievements made in this work can also be applied to other similar parallel mechanisms with full-circle rotation to improve error modeling and design accuracy.
Endovascular treatment of complex abdominal aortic aneurysms by combining different types of endoprostheses
Authors: de Bruijn Menno T , Tournoij Erik , van den Heuvel Daniel AF , de Vries-Werson Debbie , Wille Jan , de Vries Jean-Paul PM
Published: May 2016

Purpose

To describe an off-the-shelf method for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms with hostile (large, >30 mm) neck and/or small (<20 mm) aortic bifurcation.

Case report

We describe five patients with large aortic necks and/or small aortic bifurcations, which were treated by combining an AFX endoprosthesis with a Valiant Captiva endograft, and additional proximal endoanchors when deemed necessary. Initial technical success was 100%. Follow-up ranged from 228 to 875 days. One patient suffered a type 1A and 1B endoleak at 446 days follow-up, which were successfully treated by endovascular means.

Conclusion

Combining the AFX and Valiant Captiva endografts is an off-the-shelf solution for treatment of large diameter aortic necks and small aortic bifurcations in patients deemed unfit for open repair or declined for fenestrated endografts. Longer follow-up is required to assess the long-term safety with special focus on aortic neck dilation.
Protecting our patients by protecting ourselves
Authors: Ziegler Blake , Alsabbagh Wasem , Houle Sherilyn , Wenger Lisa , Church Dana , Waite Nancy
Published: May 2016

Background:

With recent expansions to scope of practice that have allowed Canadian pharmacists to play a larger role in administering influenza vaccinations to the public, it is important that pharmacists themselves meet Canadian guidelines recommending that 80% of health care professionals and 100% of vaccinators receive an annual influenza vaccination. Unvaccinated health care professionals pose an infection risk to patients they serve and are at an increased risk of infection themselves.

Methods:

An online, anonymous survey was sent to Ontario community pharmacists to determine whether they had received the influenza vaccination during the 2013–2014 influenza season. All significant univariate chi-square analysis respondent characteristics were included in a multivariate regression analysis model to determine predictors of vaccination status.

Results:

A total of 780 pharmacists completed the survey (18.1% response rate), which showed that 7 in 10 Ontario community pharmacists received the influenza vaccine. Those certified to immunize were nearly 3 times more likely to have received the influenza vaccine than those not certified (81.6% versus 61.2%, respectively).

Discussion:

Having 70% of Ontario community pharmacists vaccinated against influenza is both an accomplishment and an opportunity to improve vaccination rates. While similar to the influenza immunization rates of other health care professions, Ontario community pharmacists did not meet Public Health Canada’s recommendations. Comprehensive worksite programs, including promotion, education and convenient access to influenza vaccination at no cost, could increase community pharmacist influenza vaccination rates.

Conclusion:

The authors issue a call to arms to encourage all pharmacists to receive the influenza vaccine to protect the public and themselves.
John Marshall, Marbury v. Madison, and the Construction of Constitutional Legitimacy
Authors: Ray Clyde
Published: May 2016

This study considers Chief Justice John Marshall’s famous opinion in Marbury v. Madison (1803) as a vehicle for investigating contemporary interpretations of both John Marshall and the concept of constitutional legitimacy. In it, I examine how Marshall’s opinion located legitimacy in several aspects of the Constitution, including its protection of rights, its embodiment of the consent of the governed, and its ability to organize and direct national politics. Thus, I suggest that Marshall offers a more comprehensive theory of constitutional legitimacy than many recent conceptualizations. Yet more than simply uniting existing approaches to constitutional legitimacy, I demonstrate that Marbury offers a unique theory of the Constitution’s moral legitimacy as well. This analysis of Marbury invites a new appraisal of Marshall as not only a legal and political thinker, but also a constitutional theorist with a distinctive understanding of the American Constitution and its role in the early years of the republic.
Effect of menopausal hormone therapy on components of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Lovre Dragana , Lindsey Sarah H. , Mauvais-Jarvis Franck
Published: May 2016

The world population is aging, and women will spend an increasing share of their lives in a postmenopausal state that predisposes to metabolic dysfunction. Thus, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in women is likely to increase dramatically. This article summarizes the effects of menopause in predisposing to components of MetS including visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension (HTN). We also summarize the effects of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in reversing these metabolic alterations and discuss therapeutic advances of novel menopausal treatment on metabolic function.