bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eyes that Do Not Meet the Eligibility Criteria of Clinical Trials on Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Proportion of the Real-World Patient Population and Reasons for Exclusion
Authors: Kim Jae Hui , Kim Jong Woo , Kim Chul Gu
Published: April 2021

Background. To evaluate the proportion of eyes that do not meet the eligibility criteria of clinical trials on neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the reasons for exclusion. Methods. This retrospective, observational study included 512 eyes of 463 patients diagnosed with treatment-naïve neovascular AMD. The proportion of eyes that did not meet the eligibility criteria of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Trap-Eye: Investigation of Efficacy and Safety in Wet AMD (VIEW) studies were evaluated. The two most common reasons for exclusion were also evaluated in each subtype of neovascular AMD (typical neovascular AMD, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), and type 3 neovascularization). Results. Among the 512 eyes, 229 (44.7%) did not meet the eligibility criteria. In all the included eyes, the most common reasons for exclusion were good or poor visual acuity (169 eyes, 33.0%), followed by the presence of subretinal hemorrhage (47 eyes, 9.5%). Moreover, good or poor visual acuity was the most common reason for exclusion in all three subtypes of neovascular AMD. The second most common reason was a fovea-involving scar or fibrosis in typical neovascular AMD, subretinal hemorrhage in PCV, and other vascular diseases affecting the retina in type 3 neovascularization. Conclusions. Among the included cases, 44.7% did not meet the eligibility criteria for VIEW study, suggesting that the conclusion derived from clinical trials may not directly reflect the real-world outcomes. Additionally, the reasons for ineligibility differed among the different subtypes of neovascular AMD.
An Opinion Evolution Model Based on Heterogeneous Benefit with Malicious Nodes Added
Authors: Zhao Junwei , Chen Xi
Published: April 2021

Individuals with different levels of education have substantial differences in their willingness to communicate with malicious nodes in a group; thus, the results of evolution of opinions tend to differ significantly. In this study, malicious nodes, driven by the benefits of a game, were added to groups of individuals with different levels of education, and a theoretical model of the game theory of group opinions that introduces malicious nodes was established. The influence of the proportion of malicious node spreading messages, the extent of tampering when malicious nodes spread messages, and the distribution of education levels in the group on the evolution of group opinions were considered. It was found that the rate of evolution of group opinions declined in groups with higher average education levels. The results of this study can be used to explain the phenomenon of fewer knowledge exchange behaviors in communities with high education levels, as is found in actual sociology. The reason is that highly educated individuals are more affected by distorted news when communicating. Therefore, the loss of communication with malicious nodes is greater, resulting in lower vigilance and willingness to communicate.
Analysis of the Adequacy of Prehospital Emergency Medical Services Use of Patients Who Visited Emergency Departments in Korea from 2016 to 2018: Data from the National Emergency Department Information System
Authors: Park Sung Joon , Kim Jung-Youn , Yoon Young-Hoon , Lee Eu Sun , Kim Hyun-Jin , Kim Seoung Bum , Kahng Hyun Gu
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Proper ambulance use is important not only due to the patient’s transport quality but also because of the need for efficient use of limited resources allotted by the system. Therefore, this study was conducted to check for overuse or underuse of the ambulance system by patients who visited the emergency department (ED). Methods. In this study, a secondary data analysis was conducted using the existing database of the National Emergency Department Information System with all patients who visited EDs over the three-year study period from 2016 to 2018. The study subjects were classified into the following groups: (1) appropriate Emergency Medical Services (EMS) usage; (2) appropriate no EMS usage; (3) underuse; and (4) overuse groups. Results. Of 18,298,535 patients, 11,668,581 (63.77%) were classified under the appropriate usage group, while 6,629,954 (36.23%) were classified under the inappropriate usage group. In the appropriate EMS usage group, there were 2,408,845 (13.16%) patients. In the appropriate no EMS usage group, there were 9,259,706 (50.60%) patients. As for the inappropriate usage group, there were 5,147,352 (28.13%) patients categorized under the underuse group. On the other hand, there were 1,482,602 (8.10%) patients under the overuse group. Conclusion. There are many patients who use ambulances appropriately, but there are still many overuse and underuse. Guidelines on ambulance use are necessary for the efficient use of emergency medical resources and for the safety of patients.
Repetitive Control Scheme of Robotic Manipulators Based on Improved B‐Spline Function
Authors: Wang Xingyu , Wang Anna , Wang Dazhi , Wang Wenhui , Liang Bingxue , Qi Yufei
Published: April 2021

In this paper, a repetitive control scheme of a 2‐DOF robotic manipulator based on the improved cubic B‐spline curve is proposed. Firstly, a repetitive controller for robotic manipulator is designed, which is composed of an iterative controller and disturbance observer. Then, an improved B‐spline optimization scheme is introduced to divide the task of the robotic manipulator into three intervals. A correction function is added to each interval of cubic spline interpolation. Finally, a variety of cases are designed and simulated by MATLAB. The experimental results show that, compared with the conventional B‐spline, the improved B‐spline has better performance in tracking accuracy and smoothness of motion trajectory. By changing the mechanism of the manipulator, the cases of different weights and lengths are designed. The experimental results in these cases show that the proposed scheme can be applied to most of the 2‐DOF robotic manipulator control systems.
Application of Multiparametric Intraoperative Ultrasound in Glioma Surgery
Authors: Shi Ji , Zhang Ye , Yao Bing , Sun Peixin , Hao Yuanyuan , Piao Haozhe , Zhao Xi
Published: April 2021

Gliomas are the most invasive and fatal primary malignancy of the central nervous system that have poor prognosis, with maximal safe resection representing the gold standard for surgical treatment. To achieve gross total resection (GTR), neurosurgery relies heavily on generating continuous, real‐time, intraoperative glioma descriptions based on image guidance. Given the limitations of currently available equipment, developing a real‐time image‐guided resection technique that provides reliable functional and anatomical information during intraoperative settings is imperative. Nowadays, the application of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) has been shown to improve resection rates and maximize brain function preservation. IOUS, which presents an attractive option due to its low cost, minimal operational flow interruptions, and lack of radiation exposure, is able to provide real‐time localization and accurate tumor size and shape descriptions while helping distinguish residual tumors and addressing brain shift. Moreover, the application of new advancements in ultrasound technology, such as contrast‐enhanced ultrasound, three‐dimensional ultrasound, navigable ultrasound, ultrasound elastography, and functional ultrasound, could help to achieve GTR during glioma surgery. The current review describes current advancements in ultrasound technology and evaluates the role and limitation of IOUS in glioma surgery.
Pricing Strategies of Multichannel Apparel Supply Chain Based on Showrooming and Information Sharing
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Luo Tian , Chang Daofang
Published: April 2021

This paper examines the influence of information forecast accuracy on the profits of the supply chain under the circumstance of a multichannel apparel supply chain. Due to the emergence of multichannel, customer showrooming behavior is becoming increasingly prevalent. For example, consumers usually buy garments online after experiencing the service in the traditional bricks and mortar in the clothing industry. Meanwhile, there are often information barriers between the manufacturer and the retailer, which will affect enterprise decision-making. To solve these problems, this paper mainly investigates the information sharing and customer showrooming phenomenon, which includes four models: no information sharing without showrooming model (NN), information sharing without showrooming model (SN), no information sharing with showrooming model (NS), and information sharing with showrooming model (SS). The numerical analysis shows that under the impact of the forecast error, information sharing between channel members is more favorable than no information sharing when parameters satisfy certain conditions. From the perspectives of the retailer, the manufacturer, and the whole supply chain, customer showrooming behavior will bring them less profit. These conclusions mean that the retailer should share information with the manufacturer and adjust their service level and sales price to alleviate the effect of showrooming.
Predictors of Recurrence and Patterns of Initial Failure in Localized Ewing Sarcoma: A Contemporary 20-Year Experience
Authors: Stachelek Gregory C. , Ligon John A. , Vogel Jennifer , Levin Adam S. , Llosa Nicolas J. , Ladle Brian H. , Meyer Christian F. , Terezakis Stephanie A. , Morris Carol D. , Ladra Matthew M. , Pratilas Christine A.
Published: April 2021

Background. The majority of patients with localized Ewing sarcoma will remain disease-free long term, but for those who suffer recurrence, successful treatment remains a challenge. Identification of clinicopathologic factors predictive of recurrence could suggest areas for treatment optimization. We sought to describe our experience regarding predictors of recurrence and patterns of first failure in patients receiving modern systemic therapy for nonmetastatic Ewing sarcoma. Methods. The medical records of pediatric and adult patients treated for localized Ewing sarcoma between 1999 and 2019 at Johns Hopkins Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Local control was surgery, radiotherapy, or both. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional-hazards modeling was performed to obtain hazard ratios (HR) for recurrence. Results. In 94 patients with initially localized disease, there were 21 recurrences: 4 local, 14 distant, and 3 combined. 5-year and 10-year RFS were 75.6% and 70.5%, respectively. On multivariable analysis including age at diagnosis and tumor size, <95% tumor necrosis following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC; HR 14.3, p = 0.028) and radiological tumor size change during NAC (HR 1.04 per 1% decrease in size change, p = 0.032) were independent predictors of recurrence. Among patients experiencing distant recurrence, pulmonary metastases were present in 82% and were the only identifiable site of disease in 53%. Conclusions. Poor pathologic or radiologic response to NAC is predictive of recurrence in patients with localized Ewing sarcoma. Suboptimal tumor size reduction following chemotherapy provides a means to risk-stratify patients who do not undergo definitive resection. Isolated pulmonary recurrence was a common event.
Luminescence of Femtosecond Laser-Processed ZnSe Crystal
Authors: Dmitruk Igor , Berezovska Nataliya , Degoda Volodymyr , Hrabovskyi Yevhen , Kolodka Roman , Podust Galyna , Stanovyi Oleksandr , Blonskyi Ivan
Published: April 2021

The ZnSe single crystal treatment in air environment with linearly polarized Ti/sapphire femtosecond (fs)laser pulses of the energy density of around 0.04-0.05 J/cm2 with central wavelength of 800 nm and the pulse duration of 140 fs at a repetition rate of 1 kHz generates the laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs). The setup with a cylindrical quartz lens at normal incidence allowed processing a relatively large area of the ZnSe sample in one pass of the laser beam. Morphology analysis of LIPSS by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and image processing reveals the existence of two periods of around 200.0 nm and 630.0 nm simultaneously. All LIPSSs demonstrate the orientation perpendicular to the laser beam polarization. The possible nature of LIPSS formation on ZnSe single crystal is caused by the synergetic influence of the interference mechanism involving surface plasmon polaritons and hydrodynamic effects of surface morphology modification. The fs-laser-induced changes of carrier concentrations in ZnSe specify obtained periods of high spatial frequency LIPSS. The influence of femtosecond laser processing on luminescent properties of ZnSe single crystal has been studied by an analysis of the photoluminescence (PL) and X-ray luminescence (XRL) spectra of laser-treated and untreated areas in the visible region of spectrum at room and low temperatures. The PL spectra and XRL spectra, as well as temperature dependencies of XRL spectra or thermally stimulated luminescence curves, demonstrate a good correlation for untreated and fs-laser-treated ZnSe surfaces. Specific PL bands related to the extended structural defects do not appear for LIPSS at the ZnSe sample under an excitation of 337 nm (3.68 eV). The Relative intensities and position of separate components of observed luminescence bands after ultrashort laser treatment do not change significantly. Thus, the structural perfection of the ZnSe single crystal surface is preserved.
The First Report of Ruminant Fascioliasis in Sabah, East Malaysia
Authors: Kamaruddin Naim Che , Razali Muhammad Ali Imran , Busayo Ibitoye Emmanuel , Hamzah Noor Hazfalinda , Idris Lokman Hakim , Md Isa Nur Mahiza
Published: April 2021

Ruminant fascioliasis is a neglected yet important tropical zoonotic disease that affects both the livestock and humans. The disease has a worldwide distribution, and Malaysia is one of the countries that face problems related to this parasite. These retrospective studies were conducted in Makmal Diagnosa Veterinar Kota Kinabalu (MDVKK) and Sabah Meat Technology Centre (SMTC), Kinarut over a period of eleven years (2008–2018). For MDVKK, the overall occurrence of fascioliasis was 24.9%. Out of 769 cattle’s and buffaloes’ faecal samples submitted, Fasciola spp ova were detected in 189 of the samples. A total of 2297 cattle, buffaloes, and goats were slaughtered at SMTC over that period, and 21 livers were condemned due to fascioliasis, giving the total occurrence of 0.91%. This investigation provides information on the occurrence of ruminant fascioliasis in Sabah, East Malaysia. The results from this study highlight the alarming incidence of fascioliasis and the urgent need for action to control this neglected tropical disease in East Malaysia.
Clinical Features, Prognosis, and Long-Term Response to Ranibizumab of Macular CNVs in Pattern Dystrophies Spectrum: A Pilot Study
Authors: Casillo Lorenzo , Tricarico Stefano , Contento Laura , Vingolo Enzo M.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. To analyze the morphological and functional features of choroidal neovascularizations (CNVs) in eyes affected by pattern dystrophies (PD), evaluating their long-term response to intravitreal ranibizumab, and comparing them with CNVs in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The mean goal is to identify possible disease biomarkers and to evaluate the long-term prognosis of CNVs in PD. Materials and Methods. A retrospective study of 42 patients with naïve CNV (26 PD and 16 AMD), for a total of 47 eyes (29 eyes in the PD group and 18 eyes in the AMD group). Each patient received a loading dose of ranibizumab (one monthly for three months) followed by pro re nata (PRN) reinjection protocol for a period of at least three years. Morphological OCT parameters (CRT, central retinal thickness; SRF, subretinal fluid; IRF, intraretinal fluid; SHRM, subretinal hyperreflective material; HRF, hyperreflective foci; HCD, hyperreflective crystalline deposits; cCT, central choroidal thickness; slCT, sublesional choroidal thickness; EZd, ellipsoid zone disruption; and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA in logMAR scale)) were reported at baseline and last follow-up. Results. At baseline, no significant differences were found between the two groups, except for choroidal thickness parameters that were significantly greater in the PD group (

p

 = 0.009). Longitudinal PD analysis demonstrated reduction in BCVA (

p

 = 0.009), decrease in CRT (

p

 = 0.046), resolution of SRF in 61.6% of cases (

p

 = 0.004) and SHRM in 30% (

p

 = 0.034), and choroidal thinning both centrally (

p

 = 0.004) and sublesional (

p

 = 0.011) compared to baseline. At 3 years, the PD group received significantly more injections than the AMD (

p

 = 0.011) and showed significantly thicker choroid (

p

 = 0.033) and more frequent HRF (

p

 = 0.006). Regarding the PD group, we found a negative correlation between age and choroidal thicknesses at baseline and at 3 years (

p

 < 0.05); significant positive correlations were found between baseline BCVA and at 3 years (

p

 < 0.001), BCVA at 3 years and IRF (

p

 = 0.003) and SHRM at 3 years (

p

 = 0.003); CRT baseline and CRT 3 years (

p

 = 0.017); HCD at 3 years was associated with greater CRT (

p

 = 0.04) and IRF at 3 years (

p

 = 0.019). Conclusions. Early and long-term morphofunctional features of CNVs in PD and in AMD are overlapping. CNVs in PD have poorer long-term response to ranibizumab and higher choroidal thickness suggesting different pathogenetic and evolutionary mechanisms.
Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Effects of Epimedium koreanum Nakai
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Kwon Tae-Hyung , Lee Dong-Ha , Hong Seung-Bok , Oh Jae-Wook , Kim Sung-Dae , Rhee Man Hee
Published: April 2021

Background and Objective. Epimedium koreanum Nakai is a medicinal plant known for its health beneficial effects on impotence, arrhythmia, oxidation, aging, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases. However, there is no report available that shows its effects on platelet functions. Here, we elucidated antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of ethyl acetate fraction of E. koreanum. Methodology. We analyzed the antiplatelet properties using standard in vitro and in vivo techniques, such as light transmission aggregometry, scanning electron microscopy, intracellular calcium mobilization measurement, dense granule secretion, and flow cytometry to assess integrin αIIbβ3 activation, clot retraction, and Western blot, on washed platelets. The antithrombotic effects of E. koreanum were assessed by arteriovenous- (AV-) shunt model in rats, and its effects on hemostasis were analyzed by tail bleeding assay in mice. Key Results. E. koreanum inhibited platelet aggregation in agonist-stimulated human and rat washed platelets, and it also reduced calcium mobilization, ATP secretion, and TXB2 formation. Fibrinogen binding, fibronectin adhesion, and clot retraction by attenuated integrin αIIbβ3-mediated inside-out and outside-in signaling were also decreased. Reduced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), Akt, PLCγ2, and Src was observed. Moreover, the fraction inhibited thrombosis. HPLC results revealed that the fraction predominantly contained icariin. Conclusion and Implications. E. koreanum inhibited platelet aggregation and thrombus formation by attenuating calcium mobilization, ATP secretion, TXB2 formation, and integrin αIIbβ3 activation. Therefore, it may be considered as a potential candidate to treat and prevent platelet-related cardiovascular disorders.
Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and NADPH Oxidase: Implications in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ganguly Upasana , Kaur Upinder , Chakrabarti Sankha Shubhra , Sharma Priyanka , Agrawal Bimal Kumar , Saso Luciano , Chakrabarti Sasanka
Published: April 2021

NADPH oxidase as an important source of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) has gained enormous importance over the years, and the detailed structures of all the isoenzymes of the NADPH oxidase family and their regulation have been well explored. The enzyme has been implicated in a variety of diseases including neurodegenerative diseases. The present brief review examines the body of evidence that links NADPH oxidase with the genesis and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In short, evidence suggests that microglial activation and inflammatory response in the AD brain is associated with increased production of ROS by microglial NADPH oxidase. Along with other inflammatory mediators, ROS take part in neuronal degeneration and enhance the microglial activation process. The review also evaluates the current state of NADPH oxidase inhibitors as potential disease‐modifying agents for AD.
TAP Test Image Dynamic Tracking Study after Thyroid Cancer Surgery and after Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy
Authors: Wang Changliang , Gu Yongxue , Men Xiaojuan , Sun Peng , Chen Meili
Published: April 2021

Thyroid cancer is a relatively common endocrine gland malignant tumor; if improper treatment, there will be a high risk of recurrence or metastasis, and abnormal sugar chain glycoprotein (TAP) has a close relationship with the development of the disease; therefore, the purpose of this article is to discuss abnormal sugar chain glycoprotein (TAP) as thyroid cancer curative effect evaluation and radiation and chemotherapy after surgery clinical significance. In this paper, 95 patients with thyroid cancer diagnosed in a hospital were selected as the study objects and treated as the observation group. The clinical and follow-up data of the observation group were retrospectively analyzed. Meanwhile, 55 healthy patients were randomly selected as the control group. TAP, squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) level, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level were detected in peripheral blood of 95 patients with thyroid cancer before and after treatment. The short-term efficacy was evaluated by chest CT examination, and the changes of the three markers before and after treatment and the correlation with the short-term efficacy of the patients were compared. According to the results of testing, the TAP positive expression in patients before radiotherapy can better predict the recent curative effect has certain clinical value; before radiotherapy TAP positive expression rate was significantly higher than that of healthy people, TAP positive expression quantity decreased obviously after radiation treatment, and patients with a recent radiotherapy curative effect is good or bad and negatively correlated with the degree of TAP protein positive expression; TAP high protein in patients with recent poor radiation effects, prompt the factor can be predicted in the near future curative effect of the molecular markers, and can TAP level for clinicians provide certain reference for targeted therapy.
Study on the Rut Control Threshold of Asphalt Pavement Considering Steering Stability of Autonomous Vehicles Based on Fuzzy Control Theory
Authors: Zheng Binshuang , Huang Xiaoming , Zhao Runmin , Hong Zhengqiang , Chen Jiaying , Zhu Shengze
Published: April 2021

To fully consider the impact of asphalt pavement rut on steering stability of autonomous vehicles, the sensitivity of various indicators of rut shape to vehicle stability was comprehensively measured, and pavement rut control standards based on comfort demands of autonomous vehicles were investigated. Firstly, a steering control system for autonomous vehicles was built in Simulink according to fuzzy control theory. Then, through orthogonal experiment design theory, different rut shape indicators are simulated in CarSim. The influence sensitivity of different rut shape indicators and the allowable rut range considering driving comfort were studied. The results show that both the rut depth and the rut side angle have a greater effect on the vehicle vertical acceleration within a certain parameter range. The maximum roll angle of vehicle body is mainly affected by the rut depth, and the rut width has a small effect on the vehicle driving stability. Meanwhile, considering human comfort, the rut side angle should not be greater than 1° when the rut depth reaches 2 cm. For autonomous driving, the rut depth should not exceed 2.5 cm. When the rut depth exceeds 2.5 cm, the vehicle body roll angle caused by the rut exceeds the inertial centrifugal force of the vehicle itself, which has a significant impact on the passenger comfort and safety.
Application of Feature Extraction Algorithm in the Construction of Interactive English Chinese Translation Mode
Authors: Dong Guangjun , Yang Youchao , Zhang Qiankun
Published: April 2021

In the process of English translation, traditional interactive English translation system is not obvious in English semantic context. The optimal feature selection process does not achieve the optimal translation solution, and the translation accuracy is low. Based on this, this paper designs an interactive English Chinese translation system based on a feature extraction algorithm. By introducing the feature extraction algorithm, the optimal translation solution is selected, and the semantic mapping model is constructed to translate the best translation into English Chinese translation. The real experiment results show that the interactive English Chinese translation system based on feature extraction algorithm can get the best solution.
An MSCN-Based Virtual Computing Cell-Oriented BSM Dissemination Mechanism
Authors: Ye Lei , Wu Yuping , Han Qingwen , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Zeng Lingqiu , Chen Yuqing , Chen Xinhai
Published: April 2021

With the concept of multiaccess edge computing (MEC) being put forward, Roadside Unit (RSU) is considered as a valid application provider, which not only executes transmission resource allocation and data processing-related computing but also provides real-time applications to road vehicles. However, when fixed roadside nodes communicate with mobile vehicles, the high service migration rate could influence real-time feature of corresponding service. Moreover, vehicle density also affects service performance. Hence, in this paper, a two-processing layer architecture is constructed. A new concept, mobile secondary computing node (MSCN), which is used to compose mobile computing layer, is defined, and the number of MSCN changes dynamically with the vehicle density. Then, MSCN oriented virtual computing cell (VirCC), while corresponding to resource allocation approach and vehicle message dissemination mechanism, is designed. A network simulator (NS-3.28) is employed to investigate the performance of the proposed architecture. The simulation results show that the proposed architecture significantly improves both communication performance and computing efficiency.
[Retracted] Information Fusion Algorithm for Big Data in Digital Publishing Industry Chain
Authors: He Haixiang
Published: April 2021

This paper studies the information of big data in the digital publishing industry chain and adopts advanced algorithms for its fusion calculation. The basic theory of digital publishing ecological chain is dissected, the construction requirements, construction methods, and construction paths of digital publishing ecological chain are analysed, and feasible construction measures are proposed. It also defines the connotation of the fusion of knowledge services between publishing institutions and libraries in the digital era; then analyses the characteristics and principles of the fusion of knowledge services between publishing institutions and libraries in the digital era; and finally sorts out the theoretical foundations such as synergy theory, information integration service theory, and game theory. Meanwhile, this paper also studies the flow of digital publishing resources and empirically analyses the eco‐efficiency of digital publishing eco‐chain by using metabolic network analysis, population analysis, and life cycle analysis, and it finds the eco‐efficiency problems of the existing e‐book eco‐chain from its analysis. Finally, the imbalance in the digital publishing ecological chain and its hazards are analysed, and specific regulation and optimization measures are proposed. The research in this paper makes up for the deficiencies of related studies and can well solve the problems that exist in the previous and provide theoretical support for the healthy development of digital publishing enterprises.
Compressed Wavelet Tensor Attention Capsule Network
Authors: Liu Xiushan , Shan Chun , Zhang Qin , Cheng Jun , Xu Peng
Published: April 2021

Texture classification plays an important role for various computer vision tasks. Depending upon the powerful feature extraction capability, convolutional neural network (CNN)-based texture classification methods have attracted extensive attention. However, there still exist many challenges, such as the extraction of multilevel texture features and the exploration of multidirectional relationships. To address the problem, this paper proposes the compressed wavelet tensor attention capsule network (CWTACapsNet), which integrates multiscale wavelet decomposition, tensor attention blocks, and quantization techniques into the framework of capsule neural network. Specifically, the multilevel wavelet decomposition is in charge of extracting multiscale spectral features in frequency domain; in addition, the tensor attention blocks explore the multidimensional dependencies of convolutional feature channels, and the quantization techniques make the computational storage complexities be suitable for edge computing requirements. The proposed CWTACapsNet provides an efficient way to explore spatial domain features, frequency domain features, and their dependencies which are useful for most texture classification tasks. Furthermore, CWTACapsNet benefits from quantization techniques and is suitable for edge computing applications. Experimental results on several texture datasets show that the proposed CWTACapsNet outperforms the state-of-the-art texture classification methods not only in accuracy but also in robustness.
[Retracted] Risk Prediction and Response Strategies in Corporate Financial Management Based on Optimized BP Neural Network
Authors: Zhai Meijia
Published: April 2021

This paper mainly analyzes the theories related to the financial risk of the company and combines the principles of principal component analysis, particle swarm optimization algorithm, and artificial neural network to derive the financial risk index system of the company. To improve the accuracy of financial risk prediction, principal component analysis and particle swarm algorithm are applied to optimize the BP neural network model, the input data of the prediction model is improved, and the optimal initial weights and thresholds are given to the BP neural network by using particle swarm algorithm search, whereby the financial risk prediction model of particle swarm optimization BP neural network is constructed. The empirical results show that the model constructed by BP neural network not only has a high accuracy rate for static financial risk evaluation but also has a better prediction effect. After training and testing, the BP neural network‐based enterprise financial risk evaluation model can accurately determine the existing financial situation of enterprise financial management and has a good prediction effect. Our research method is a fusion of the processing of the two methods, which belongs to the first integration of results.
Optimization of Solar CCHP Systems with Collector Enhanced by Porous Media and Nanofluid
Authors: Tonekaboni Navid , Feizbahr Mahdi , Tonekaboni Nima , Jiang Guang-Jun , Chen Hong-Xia
Published: April 2021

The low efficiency of solar collectors can be mentioned as one of the problems in solar combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) cycles. For improving solar systems, nanofluid and porous media are used in solar collectors. One of the advantages of using porous media and nanoparticles is to absorb more energy under the same conditions. In this research, a solar combined cooling, heating, and power (SCCHP) system has been optimized by porous media and nanofluid for generating electricity, cooling, and heating of a 600 m2 building in a warm and dry region with average solar radiation of Ib = 820 w/m2 in Iran. In this paper, the optimal amount of nanofluid in porous materials has been calculated to the extent that no sediment is formed. In this study, solar collectors were enhanced with copper porous media (95% porosity) and CuO and Al2O3 nanofluids. 0.1%–0.6% of the nanofluids were added to water as working fluids; it is found that 0.5% of the nanofluids lead to the highest energy and exergy efficiency enhancement in solar collectors and SCCHP systems. Maximum energy and exergy efficiency of parabolic thermal collector (PTC) riches in this study are 74.19% and 32.6%, respectively. Figure 1 can be mentioned as a graphical abstract for accurately describing the cycle of solar CCHP.
Impaired High‐Density Lipoprotein Function in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Emmens Johanna E. , Jia Congzhuo , Ng Leong L. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Dickstein Kenneth , Anker Stefan D. , Lang Chim C. , Filippatos Gerasimos , Cleland John G. F. , Metra Marco , Voors Adriaan A. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Tietge Uwe J. F.
Published: April 2021

Background

We recently showed that, in patients with heart failure, lower high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration was a strong predictor of death or hospitalization for heart failure. In a follow‐up study, we suggested that this association could be partly explained by HDL proteome composition. However, whether the emerging concept of HDL function contributes to the prognosis of patients with heart failure has not been addressed.

Methods and Results

We measured 3 key protective HDL function metrics, namely, cholesterol efflux, antioxidative capacity, and anti‐inflammatory capacity, at baseline and after 9 months in 446 randomly selected patients with heart failure from BIOSTAT‐CHF (A Systems Biology Study to Tailored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure). Additionally, the relationship between HDL functionality and HDL proteome composition was determined in 86 patients with heart failure. From baseline to 9 months, HDL cholesterol concentrations were unchanged, but HDL cholesterol efflux and anti‐inflammatory capacity declined (both
P
<0.001). In contrast, antioxidative capacity increased (
P
<0.001). Higher HDL cholesterol efflux was associated with lower mortality after adjusting for BIOSTAT‐CHF risk models and log HDL cholesterol (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71–0.92;
P
=0.001). Other functionality measures were not associated with outcome. Several HDL proteins correlated with HDL functionality, mainly with cholesterol efflux. Apolipoprotein A1 emerged as the main protein associated with all 3 HDL functionality measures.

Conclusions

Better HDL cholesterol efflux at baseline was associated with lower mortality during follow‐up, independent of HDL cholesterol. HDL cholesterol efflux and anti‐inflammatory capacity declined during follow‐up in patients with heart failure. Measures of HDL function may provide clinical information in addition to HDL cholesterol concentration in patients with heart failure.
Duration of Antiplatelet Therapy Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kuno Toshiki , Yokoyama Yujiro , Briasoulis Alexandros , Mori Makoto , Iwagami Masao , Ando Tomo , Takagi Hisato , Bangalore Sripal
Published: April 2021

Background

Although current guidelines recommend dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for 3 to 6 months following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), there are no studies directly comparing outcomes of different durations of DAPT following TAVR.

Methods and Results

PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database were searched through November 2020 to identify clinical studies that investigated single antiplatelet therapy versus DAPT use following TAVR. Studies using oral anticoagulants and antiplatelet therapy concomitantly were excluded. The DAPT group was subdivided by the duration of DAPT. We extracted the risk ratios (RRs) of major or life‐threatening bleeding, stroke, and all‐cause mortality. Four randomized controlled trials, 2 propensity‐score matched studies, and 1 observational study were identified, yielding a total of 2498 patients who underwent TAVR assigned to the single antiplatelet therapy group (n=1249), 3‐month DAPT group (n=485), or 6‐month DAPT group (n=764). Pooled analyses demonstrated that when compared with the single antiplatelet therapy group, the rates of major or life‐threatening bleeding were significantly higher in the 3‐ and 6‐month DAPT groups (RR [95% CI]=2.13 [1.33–3.40],
P
=0.016; RR [95% CI]=2.54 [1.49–4.33],
P
=0.007, respectively) with no difference between the 3‐month DAPT versus 6‐month DAPT groups. The rates of stroke and all‐cause mortality were similar among the 3 groups.

Conclusions

In this network meta‐analysis of antiplatelet therapy following TAVR, single antiplatelet therapy with aspirin had lower bleeding without increasing stroke or death when compared with either 3‐ or 6‐month DAPT.
Does Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Damage Really Increase Impulsiveness? Delay and Probability Discounting in Patients with Focal Lesions
Authors: Mok Jenkin N. Y. , Green Leonard , Myerson Joel , Kwan Donna , Kurczek Jake , Ciaramelli Elisa , Craver Carl F. , Rosenbaum R. Shayna
Published: April 2021

If the tendency to discount rewards reflects individuals' general level of impulsiveness, then the discounting of delayed and probabilistic rewards should be negatively correlated: The less a person is able to wait for delayed rewards, the more they should take chances on receiving probabilistic rewards. It has been suggested that damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) increases individuals' impulsiveness, but both intertemporal choice and risky choice have only recently been assayed in the same patients with vmPFC damage. Here, we assess both delay and probability discounting in individuals with vmPFC damage (n = 8) or with medial temporal lobe (MTL) damage (n = 10), and in age- and education-matched controls (n = 30). On average, MTL-lesioned individuals discounted delayed rewards at normal rates but discounted probabilistic rewards more shallowly than controls. In contrast, vmPFC-lesioned individuals discounted delayed rewards more steeply but probabilistic rewards more shallowly than controls. These results suggest that vmPFC lesions affect the weighting of reward amount relative to delay and certainty in opposite ways. Moreover, whereas MTL-lesioned individuals and controls showed typical, nonsignificant correlations between the discounting of delayed and probabilistic rewards, vmPFC-lesioned individuals showed a significant negative correlation, as would be expected if vmPFC damage increases impulsiveness more in some patients than in others. Although these results are consistent with the hypothesis that vmPFC plays a role in impulsiveness, it is unclear how they could be explained by a single mechanism governing valuation of both delayed and probabilistic rewards.
Memory for Stimulus Duration Is Not Bound to Spatial Information
Authors: Kruijne Wouter , Olivers Christian N. L. , van Rijn Hedderik
Published: April 2021

Different theories have been proposed to explain how the human brain derives an accurate sense of time. One specific class of theories, intrinsic clock theories, postulate that temporal information of a stimulus is represented much like other features such as color and location, bound together to form a coherent percept. Here, we explored to what extent this holds for temporal information after it has been perceived and is held in working memory for subsequent comparison. We recorded EEG of participants who were asked to time stimuli at lateral positions of the screen followed by comparison stimuli presented in the center. Using well-established markers of working memory maintenance, we investigated whether the usage of temporal information evoked neural signatures that were indicative of the location where the stimuli had been presented, both during maintenance and during comparison. Behavior and neural measures including the contralateral delay activity, lateralized alpha suppression, and decoding analyses through time all supported the same conclusion: The representation of location was strongly involved during perception of temporal information, but when temporal information was to be used for comparison, it no longer showed a relation to spatial information. These results support a model where the initial perception of a stimulus involves intrinsic computations, but that this information is subsequently translated to a stimulus-independent format to be used to further guide behavior.
Neuronal classification from network connectivity via adjacency spectral embedding
Authors: Mehta Ketan , Goldin Rebecca F. , Marchette David , Vogelstein Joshua T. , Priebe Carey E. , Ascoli Giorgio A.
Published: April 2021

This work presents a novel strategy for classifying neurons, represented by nodes of a directed graph, based on their circuitry (edge connectivity). We assume a stochastic block model (SBM) in which neurons belong together if they connect to neurons of other groups according to the same probability distributions. Following adjacency spectral embedding of the SBM graph, we derive the number of classes and assign each neuron to a class with a Gaussian mixture model-based expectation maximization (EM) clustering algorithm. To improve accuracy, we introduce a simple variation using random hierarchical agglomerative clustering to initialize the EM algorithm and picking the best solution over multiple EM restarts. We test this procedure on a large (≈212–215 neurons), sparse, biologically inspired connectome with eight neuron classes. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach is broadly stable to the choice of embedding dimension, and scales extremely well as the number of neurons in the network increases. Clustering accuracy is robust to variations in model parameters and highly tolerant to simulated experimental noise, achieving perfect classifications with up to 40% of swapped edges. Thus, this approach may be useful to analyze and interpret large-scale brain connectomics data in terms of underlying cellular components.
A quantitative view of the structure of institutional scientific collaborations using the example of Berlin
Authors: Akbaritabar Aliakbar
Published: April 2021

This paper examines the structure of scientific collaborations in Berlin as a specific case with a unique history of division and reunification. It aims to identify strategic organizational coalitions in a context with high sectoral diversity. We use publications data with at least one organization located in Berlin from 1996–2017 and their collaborators worldwide. We further investigate four members of the Berlin University Alliance (BUA), as a formerly established coalition in the region, through their self-represented research profiles compared with empirical results. Using a bipartite network modeling framework, we move beyond the uncontested trend towards team science and increasing internationalization. Our results show that BUA members shape the structure of scientific collaborations in the region. However, they are not collaborating cohesively in all fields and there are many smaller scientific actors involved in more internationalized collaborations in the region. Larger divides exist in some fields. Only Medical and Health Sciences have cohesive intraregional collaborations, which signals the success of the regional cooperation established in 2003. We explain possible underlying factors shaping the intraregional groupings and potential implications for regions worldwide. A major methodological contribution of this paper is evaluating the coverage and accuracy of different organization name disambiguation techniques.
Pre-Attack Warning Behaviors of 20 Adolescent School Shooters: A Case Study Analysis
Authors: Abel Meagan N. , Chermak Steven , Freilich Joshua D.
Published: April 2021

This study examines the pre-attack warning behaviors of adolescent school shooters in the US. We conducted 20 case studies of adolescent school shooters in the United States that committed non-fatal or fatal shootings on K-12 school grounds between 1999 and 2016. We investigate whether the school shooters displayed warning behaviors before the attack, who in the perpetrator’s life was aware of these warning behaviors, and what if any actions were taken in response. Given the emergence of online forms of communication, we also investigate how adolescent school shooters may variably communicate warning behaviors in online and offline contexts.
Road capitals: Reconceptualising street capital, value production and exchange in the context of road life in the UK
Authors: Bakkali Yusef
Published: April 2021

This article engages with existing applications of Bourdieusian (habitus, field and capitals) theory as applied to ‘street’ settings. It advocates for the recognition of strategies developed by those involved in road life, a UK variant form of street culture, to mobilise capital from the ‘street field’ in order to facilitate exchanges into less subordinate social fields/spaces. Drawing on Bourdieu’s three metaphors of social, economic and cultural capital, this article illustrates ways these forms of capital can and are being mobilised by youth engaged in ‘street’ settings (on road), in the hope of gaining advancement both in street spaces and beyond. This is in contrast with some criminological thinking which tends to take a ‘narrow’ focus on the criminogenic aspects of marginalised men’s lives, missing at times the full range of agency and expression of those affected by and/or involved in street value systems, as well as the wider struggles which take place over the value they create.
Epistemic injustice and hegemonic ordeal in management and organization studies: Advancing Black scholarship
Authors: Muzanenhamo Penelope , Chowdhury Rashedur
Published: April 2021

Why do the majority of (White) academics within management and organization studies (MOS) endorse discourses of equality, diversity and inclusion on the one hand yet ignore the epistemic injustice suffered by Black scholars on the other? We demonstrate how White supremacy within a historically racist academia marginalizes non-White bodies from knowledge production and dissemination by embedding epistemic injustice in MOS, and diminishing their utility globally. To expose the multifaceted harm caused by White supremacy, we reflect on Black scholars’ experiences of epistemic injustice, conceptualizing their work (i.e. Black scholarship) as underpinned by epistemic struggle and epistemic survival. We conceptualize epistemic struggle as striving to produce and disseminate knowledge in the face of difficulties and resistance generated by structural and agential powers. Epistemic survival denotes the sustained presence of Black scholarship through compromise, collusion and radicalism. Subsequently, we propose collective intellectual activism based on cross-racial coalitions to eliminate epistemic injustice and locate Black scholarship at the center of MOS.
An analysis of luminous mechanism of rare earth hybrid complex with Ce3+ ion by the DV-Xα method
Authors: Zhu Taoyun
Published: April 2021

In recent years, rare earth compounds with Ce3+ ion have reported as light-emitting materials due to photoluminescence. But Ce3+ ion luminous mechanism has not yet particularly reported until now on account of disparate ligands. In this report, results of study manifested it would possible make complicated, which coordinated by ligands upon π conjugation. In this study, several fluorescent compounds as well as non-fluorescent compounds have synthesized by solution method, which coordinated by common organic ligands with π conjugation, such as acetylacetonato(acac), oxalate(ox), 2,2′-bipyridine(bpy), 1,10-phenanthroline(phen). It have been made clear about Luminous mechanism by means of experimentation compare to molecular orbital method.