bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence In Vivo Showing Increase of Baseline Nitric Oxide Generation and Impairment of Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Normotensive Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis
Authors: PASSAUER JENS , BÜSSEMAKER ECKHART , RANGE URSULA , PLUG MARIA , GROSS PETER
Published: April 2021

Cardiovascular mortality is excessive in hemodialyzed patients. Observations in atherosclerosis suggest that endothelial dysfunction and impaired nitric oxide (NO) may be involved. However, the relation of endothelial NO to its vascular effects has not been studied conclusively in uremia. Therefore, to study these questions an invasive technique was used in normotensive patients who were on hemodialysis (HD; n = 11) and in matched control subjects (n = 11). Pharmacologic agents were infused into the brachial artery to test the chain of events from NO generation to smooth muscle cell relaxation, measuring forearm blood flow by venous occlusion plethysmography. Glyceroltrinitrate (GTN 1:2.2 nmol/min; GTN 2:4.4; GTN 3:8.8), infused to establish the reaction of the vessel wall to defined doses of NO, caused a reduced response in HD patients (control subjects: 183 ± 20 [SEM], 246 ± 26, and 338 ± 29%; HD patients: 161 ± 7, 206 ± 12, and 262 ± 24%; baseline = 100% for each group, P = 0.032 by ANOVA). All subsequent data were corrected for this decreased response to defined doses of NO in HD patients. L-arginine (10 mg/min), given to exclude substrate deficiency of NO synthase (NOS), caused no significant changes (control subjects: 108 ± 4%; HD patients: 103 ± 4%; P = NS). Acetylcholine (ACH 1:55 nmol/min; ACH 2:110; ACH 3:220), infused to stimulate endothelial NOS, had a significantly reduced effect in HD patients (control subjects: 246 ± 32, 340 ± 40, and 465 ± 52%; HD patients: 251 ± 55, 244 ± 36, and 318 ± 50%; P = 0.002). N-monomethyl-L-arginine (LMA 1:1 μmol/min; LMA 2:2; LMA 3:4), given to block baseline NO generation, showed an enhanced response in HD patients (control subjects: 90 ± 2, 83 ± 2, and 74 ± 4%; HD patients: 84 ± 3, 73 ± 3, and 64 ± 4%; P = 0.037). Vascular response to three doses of norepinephrine (60, 120, and 240 pmol/min) was comparable in both groups, which indicated similar endothelium-independent vasoconstriction. In summary, in normotensive HD patients, (1) vasodilation to defined doses of exogenous NO was reduced, (2) there was no evidence of substrate deficiency of NOS, and (3) stimulation of NOS was impaired; however, (4) baseline NO generation was increased. It is concluded that in HD patients, the NO system has a reduced capacity to regulate vascular tone and this impairment is most significant under conditions of NOS stimulation.
Influence of Tacrolimus on Glucose Metabolism before and after Renal Transplantation
Authors: DUIJNHOVEN ELLY M. VAN , BOOTS JOHANNES M. M. , CHRISTIAANS MAARTEN H. L. , WOLFFENBUTTEL BRUCE H. R. , HOOFF JOHANNES P. VAN
Published: April 2021

Most studies concerning the influence of tacrolimus on glucose metabolism have been performed either in animals or after organ transplantation. These clinical studies have largely been transversal with patients who were using steroids. Therefore, this prospective, longitudinal study investigated the influence of tacrolimus on glucose metabolism before and after transplantation. Eighteen Caucasian dialysis patients underwent an intravenous glucose tolerance test before and 5 d after the start of tacrolimus. Insulin sensitivity index (kG), insulin resistance (insulin/glucose ratio and homeostasis model assessment), and C-peptide and insulin secretion were calculated. Trough levels of tacrolimus were measured. After transplantation, the occurrence of posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) was prospectively monitored. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Spearman's rho for correlation. Before tacrolimus, kG was indeterminate in three patients. During tacrolimus, kG decreased in 16 of 18 patients, from a median of 1.74 mmol/L per min to 1.08 mmol/L per min (P < 0.0001). The correlation between C-peptide and insulin data was excellent. Insulin secretion decreased from 851.0 mU × min/L to 558.0 mU × min/L (P = 0.014), whereas insulin resistance did not change. Insulin sensitivity correlated negatively with tacrolimus trough level. After transplantation, three patients developed PTDM; before tacrolimus, two had an indeterminate and one a low normal kG. During tacrolimus administration, kG decreased in almost all patients as a result of a diminished insulin secretion response to a glucose load, whereas insulin resistance did not change. Patients with an abnormal or indeterminate kG seem to be at risk of developing PTDM while on tacrolimus.
Survival in Recipients of Marginal Cadaveric Donor Kidneys Compared with Other Recipients and Wait-Listed Transplant Candidates
Authors: OJO AKINLOLU O. , HANSON JULIE A. , MEIER-KRIESCHE HERWIG-ULF , OKECHUKWU CHIKE N. , WOLFE ROBERT A. , LEICHTMAN ALAN B. , AGODOA LAWRENCE Y. , KAPLAN BRUCE , PORT FRIEDRICH K.
Published: April 2021

An increasing number of cadaveric kidney transplants are now performed with organs from donors who would have been deemed unsuitable in earlier times. Although good allograft outcomes have been obtained with these marginal donor transplants, it is unclear whether recipients of marginal kidney transplants achieve a reduction in long-term mortality as do recipients of “ideal” kidneys. Patients with end-stage renal disease registered on the cadaveric renal transplant waiting list between January 1, 1992, and June 30, 1997, were studied for mortality risks according to three outcomes: wait-listed on dialysis treatment with no transplant (WLD); transplantation with marginal donor kidney (MDK); and “ideal” or optimal donor kidney transplantation (IDK). Thirty-four percent of wait-list registrants had received a cadaveric kidney transplant by June 30, 1998. Of these, 18% received a marginal kidney that had one or more of the following pretransplant factors: donor age >55 yr, non-heartbeating donor, cold ischemia time >36 h, and donor hypertension or diabetes mellitus of > 10 yr duration. Five-year graft and patient survival was 53% and 74% for MDK recipients compared with 67% (P < 0.001) and 80% (P < 0.001) for IDK recipients. Adjusted annual death rate and estimated remaining life time was 6.3%, 4.7%, and 3.3% and 15.3 yr, 20.4 yr, and 28.7 yr for WLD, MDK, and IDK groups, respectively. The average increase in life expectancy for MDK recipients compared with the WLD cohort was 5 yr, although this benefit varied from 3 to 10 yr depending on the recipient's characteristics. It is concluded that transplantation of a marginal kidney is associated with a significant survival benefit when compared with maintenance dialysis.
Functional, Molecular, and Biochemical Characterization of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes
Authors: WARD DONALD T. , YAU S. KAM , MEE ANDREW P. , MAWER E. BARBARA , MILLER CHRISTOPHER A. , GARLAND HUGH O. , RICCARDI DANIELA
Published: April 2021

Altered divalent cation homeostasis with bone mineral loss, hypercalciuria, and hypomagnesemia have been associated consistently with human diabetes mellitus. This study investigated functional, molecular, and biochemical determinants that accompany this condition in chronically (2 wk) streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Catheterized, conscious, diabetic rats on servo-controlled fluid replacement exhibited an increased GFR (+70%) and a substantially raised urinary calcium output (+568%) when compared with control rats. In addition, fractional calcium reabsorption was reduced, indicating that the hypercalciuria was not due solely to an osmotic effect but may involve an actual tubular defect. The expression of proteins involved in renal distal Ca2+ and water transport in STZ-diabetic rats were then studied by Western analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy to investigate the molecular basis of the hypercalciuria. Extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptor abundance was reduced to 52% of control in STZ-diabetes, whereas thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter expression was increased by 192%. Subcutaneous insulin implant rectified both functional and molecular parameters. The levels of calbindin D28k, plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase, and aquaporin 1 in whole kidney and of aquaporin 2 in inner medulla were unchanged in diabetic and/or insulin replacement. Blood levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 were reduced in diabetes as were levels of osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation. It is concluded that diabetic hypercalciuria in rats involves elevated GFR with raised urinary output, reduced Ca2+ reabsorption, and impaired bone deposition. Changes in Ca2+-sensing receptor and NaCl cotransporter protein expression could account for the altered divalent cation homeostasis seen during diabetes mellitus.
Detection of Verocytotoxin Bound to Circulating Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes of Patients with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: TE LOO D. MAROESKA W. M. , HINSBERGH VICTOR W. M. VAN , HEUVEL LAMBERTUS P. W. J. VAN DEN , MONNENS LEO A. H.
Published: April 2021

The epidemic form of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children and is characterized by a prodromal phase of sometimes bloody diarrhea. The role of verocytotoxin (VT)-producing Escherichia coli has been strongly implicated. Although antibodies against VT have been detected in the serum of patients with HUS, VT itself has never been detected in circulating blood. In this study, VT-2 was detected in the systemic circulation in 9 of 10 patients with the epidemic form of HUS. In those cases, VT-2 was bound exclusively to polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). The detection of VT-2 bound to PMN was associated with the presence of diarrhea at the time the blood samples were obtained. The one patient for whom VT was not detected presented with atypical HUS. For 5 of the 10 patients with HUS who were studied, the time course of VT binding was analyzed; binding decreased in four patients. The finding of VT bound to PMN in the systemic circulation of patients with HUS is important for a clearer understanding of the pathogenesis of HUS and suggests new approaches for treatment in the future.
Is C-Reactive Protein a Useful Predictor of Outcome in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients?
Authors: HERZIG KAREN ANN , PURDIE DAVID MICHAEL , CHANG WENDY , BROWN ALLISON MARGARET , HAWLEY CARMEL MARY , CAMPBELL SCOTT BRYAN , STURTEVANT JOANNA MARY , ISBEL NICOLE MAREE , NICOL DAVID LAWRENCE , JOHNSON DAVID WAYNE
Published: April 2021

An elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) has recently been shown to be strongly predictive of mortality in hemodialysis patients. However, its predictive value in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients has not been assessed. A cohort of 50 PD patients was followed prospectively for a 3-yr period, after initial determination of CRP. Patients with an elevated CRP (>6 mg/L; n = 29) had significantly reduced plasma prealbumin (0.36 ± 0.02 versus 0.44 ± 0.03 g/L; P < 0.05), decreased total weekly creatinine clearance (CCr; 52.5 ± 2.3 versus 63.1 ± 3.2 L/1.73 m2; P < 0.01), and increased left ventricular thickness (1.24 ± 0.05 versus 1.08 ± 0.06 cm; P < 0.05) at baseline compared with those who had a normal CRP (≤6 mg/L; n = 21). Baseline CRP (log-transformed) correlated weakly with baseline Kt/V, CCr, and pre-albumin. With the use of a multivariate Cox's proportional hazards model to adjust for potential confounding factors, an elevated CRP was predictive of myocardial infarction (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0 to 23; P = 0.048) and tended to be predictive of fatal myocardial infarction (adjusted hazard ratio, 6.0; 95% CI, 0.8 to 43; P = 0.07). However, CRP was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.1; 95% CI,0.8 to 5.4; P = 0.15). In conclusion, CRP elevation occurs in a substantial proportion of PD patients and is independently predictive of future myocardial infarction. Such patients may warrant closer monitoring and attention to modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.
Effects of Albumin/Furosemide Mixtures on Responses to Furosemide in Hypoalbuminemic Patients
Authors: CHALASANI NAGA , GORSKI CHRISTOPHER J. , HORLANDER JOHN C. , CRAVEN REBECCA , HOEN HELENA , MAYA JUAN , BRATER CRAIG D.
Published: April 2021

Hypoalbuminemic patients often have sufficient fluid accumulation to mandate diuretic therapy but are often resistant to diuresis. Studies have suggested that hypoalbuminemia itself impairs delivery of effective amounts of diuretic agent into the urine, the site of action. Therefore, administration of mixtures of albumin and loop diuretics may enhance responses. Thirteen patients with biopsy-proven cirrhosis and ascites (age, 51.2 ± 8.1 yr; Child-Pugh score, 8.5 ± 1.0; serum albumin concentration, 3.0 ± 0.6 g/dl) were studied in this randomized crossover study. Sodium balance was maintained throughout the study with a metabolic diet. All patients received spironolactone, but administration of all other diuretic agents was discontinued. Each patient received all of the following four treatments intravenously: (1) 40 mg of furosemide, (2) 25 g of albumin, (3) 40 mg of furosemide and 25 g of albumin premixed ex vivo, and (4) 40 mg of furosemide and 25 g of albumin infused simultaneously into different arms. Responses were assessed by measuring urinary sodium excretion and relating the urinary furosemide excretion rate to the sodium excretion rate. Additionally, the pharmacokinetics of furosemide were assessed. Furosemide pharmacokinetics were similar for all treatment arms. Albumin alone had negligible diuretic effects. Neither albumin regimen increased the response to furosemide. Moreover, the relationship between the urinary furosemide excretion rate and the sodium excretion rate was unaffected by albumin. In conclusion, albumin failed to enhance the diuretic effects of furosemide in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Therefore, the coadministration of albumin and furosemide for the treatment of cirrhosis, and likely other hypoalbuminemic conditions, should not be used clinically.
Intrarenal and Cellular Localization of CLC-K2 Protein in the Mouse Kidney
Authors: KOBAYASHI KATSUKI , UCHIDA SHINICHI , MIZUTANI SHUKI , SASAKI SEI , MARUMO FUMIAKI
Published: April 2021

CLC-K2, a kidney-specific member of the CLC chloride channel family, is thought to play an important role in the transepithelial Cl- transport in the kidney. This consensus was first reached shortly after it was demonstrated that the mutations of the human CLCNKB gene resulted in Bartter's syndrome type III. To clarify the pathogenesis, the exact intrarenal and cellular localization of CLC-K2 by immunohistochemistry of the Clcnk1-/- mouse kidney were investigated by use of an anti-CLC-K antibody that recognized both CLC-K1 and CLC-K2. CLC-K2 is expressed in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop and distal tubules, where it is localized to the basolateral membranes. The localization of CLC-K2 to these nephron segments strongly implies that CLC-K2 confers the basolateral chloride conductance in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop and distal tubules, where Cl- is taken up by the bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-2Cl cotransporter or the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter at the apical membranes. CLC-K2 expression was also shown to extend into the connecting tubule in the basolateral membrane. CLC-K2 was found in basolateral membranes of the type A intercalated cells residing along the collecting duct. This localization strongly suggests that CLC-K2 confers the basolateral conductance in the type A intercalated cells where Cl- is taken up by the anion exchanger in exchange for HCO3
- at the basolateral membranes. These aspects of CLC-K2 localization suggest that CLC-K2 is important in Cl- transport in the distal nephron segments.
Endothelin-1 Induces Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression Via Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cell Transcription Factor in Glomerular Mesangial Cells
Authors: SUGIMOTO TOSHIRO , HANEDA MASAKAZU , SAWANO HIROTAKA , ISSHIKI KEIJI , MAEDA SHIRO , KOYA DAISUKE , INOKI KEN , YASUDA HITOSHI , KASHIWAGI ATSUNORI , KIKKAWA RYUICHI
Published: April 2021

Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) originally was identified as a T-cell—specific transcription factor whose activity is regulated by calcineurin, one of the serine-threonine phosphatases. Recent studies have shown that NFAT also is expressed in nonlymphoid cells and plays an important role in various cell functions. It is widely known that treatment with cyclosporin A (CsA), which can inhibit calcineurin/NFAT signaling, results in glomerular dysfunction characterized by a decrease of GFR or glomerulosclerosis, suggesting that NFAT might regulate the glomerular function. However, the precise function of NFAT in glomerular cells remains to be clarified. Herein, evidence has been produced that NFAT2/NFATc, one of five known NFAT isoforms, is expressed in glomerular mesangial cells. Stimulation of mesangial cells with endothelin-1 caused translocation of NFAT2 into the nucleus with a concomitant increase in NFAT2 DNA-binding activity, both of which were inhibited by CsA. Furthermore, CsA inhibited endothelin-1—induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in mesangial cells. NFAT2 bound directly to the GGAAA sequence, which is the minimal consensus sequence for NFAT binding, in a promoter region of rat COX-2 gene, and it enhanced the reporter activity of rat COX-2 promoter in mesangial cells. These findings provide the first evidence that NFAT2 is expressed and regulates COX-2 gene expression in mesangial cells. These results will contribute to evaluation of the precise roles of NFAT in glomerular functions and the CsA-induced nephrotoxicity.
Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Coronary Artery Disease among New Dialysis Patients in the United States
Authors: STACK AUSTIN G. , BLOEMBERGEN WENDY E.
Published: April 2021

Despite the high prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), few studies have identified clinical correlates using national data. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical associations of CAD in a national random sample of new ESRD in the United States in 1996/1997 (n = 4025). Data on demographic characteristics and comorbidities were obtained from the Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Study, Wave 2. The principal outcome was CAD, defined as the presence of a previous history of CAD, myocardial infarction, or angina, coronary artery bypass surgery, coronary angioplasty, or abnormal coronary angiographic findings. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship of conventional factors and proposed uremic factors to the presence of CAD. CAD was present in 38% of patients. Of the total cohort, 17% had a history of myocardial infarction and 23% had angina. Several conventional risk factors, including advancing age, male gender, diabetes mellitus, and smoking, were significantly associated with CAD. Of the proposed uremic factors, lower serum albumin levels but higher residual renal function and higher hematocrit values were significantly associated with the presence of CAD. Vascular comorbid conditions, structural cardiac abnormalities, white race, and geographic location were also strongly correlated with the presence of CAD. This national study suggests that several conventional CAD risk factors may also be risk factors for CAD among the ESRD population. This study identifies nonconventional factors such as serum albumin levels, vascular comorbid conditions, and structural cardiac abnormalities as important disease correlates. Future logitudinal studies are required to explore the relative importance of the relationships observed here.
Autism ‘Super Mums’: Affectivity as a Political Capital in Special Mothering and Autism Advocacy
Authors: Lo Bosco Maria Concetta
Published: April 2021

From the refrigerator mother theory to more recent comparisons to ‘warrior-heroes’, mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders have been historically categorised as emotionally remarkable. Drawing on my ethnographic fieldwork in Portugal, I explore in this article how mothers politically mobilise emotions, characteristics, and acts usually associated with good mothering, such as maternal love, dedication, and sacrifice. While these socially expected phenomena have been addressed as instruments of the relegation of women to motherhood and care labour, I propose a novel look at the value of affectivity in discourses and practices of care and advocacy. I argue that mothers strategically embody and employ their affectivity as political capital to validate their role as expert caregivers and advocates, creating new opportunities to access leading positions within the autism advocacy movement.
Psychosocialization in Nepal: Notes on Translation from the Frontlines of Global Mental Health
Authors: Chase Liana E
Published: April 2021

As ‘psychosocial interventions’ continue to gain traction in the field of global mental health, a growing critical literature problematises their vague definition and attendant susceptibility to appropriation. In this article, I recast this ill-defined quality as interpretive flexibility and explore its role in processes of translation occurring at the frontlines of care in rural Nepal. Drawing from 14 months of ethnographic fieldwork among community-based psychosocial counsellors, I consider how the broad and flexible notion of the ‘psychosocial problem’ operates as a ‘boundary object’ in transnational mental health initiatives—that is, how it facilitates the collaboration of service users, clinicians, donors, and policymakers in shared therapeutic projects without necessarily producing agreement among these parties regarding the nature of the suffering they address. I suggest that psychosocial interventions may be gaining popularity not despite but precisely because of the lack of a unitary vision of the problems psychosocial care sets out to alleviate. In closing, I reflect on what distinguishes ‘psychosocialisation’ from medicalisation and highlight the limitations of the latter as a critical paradigm for the anthropology of global mental health.
Prognostic Calibrations Throughout Outpatient Encounters for Families Living with Congenital Heart Defects in Denmark
Authors: Svensson Marie Kofod
Published: April 2021

Although many suffering from congenital heart defects (CHDs) have seen their conditions become chronic in Denmark today, the risk of complications, deteriorations, and further surgical interventions often lurk in the future. Building on fieldwork in outpatient clinics in Denmark and the homes of families living with CHDs, I explore the role outpatient encounters play in families’ efforts to understand and navigate the prognoses of CHDs by examining how they become routine punctuations and images of uncertainty, and how they play into families’ efforts to prepare for futures where CHDs might develop negatively while also trying to keep such scenarios at bay. I argue that these encounters exemplify, generate, and tentatively curb the particular uncertainties of living with CHDs. Hence, I suggest that they can be thought of as prognostic calibrations—a conceptual oxymoron that encapsulates the anxiety and uncertainty that I show persist around CHD prognoses despite many efforts by families and healthcare staff to establish routine, a sense of security, and certainty.
The COVID Horizon: Introduction to the Special Section
Authors: Petryna Adriana , Rendell Sara
Published: April 2021

Prompted by long-standing realities that have recently erupted during the pandemic and ongoing protests against racial injustice in the US, this Special Section’s essays evolved out of conversations around the theme of the ‘COVID Horizon’. Authored by physician-anthropologists at various stages of their training, the Position Pieces describe vital searches for liveability in domains of emergency response. Moving beyond the walls of the clinical, they track medicine as an institution embedded in and shoring up other institutions linked to human rights, carceral detention, reproductive unfreedoms, and/or pandemic biocontainment—all of which define the scope of democratic freedoms and determine who exactly is afforded said freedoms. Within institutions of deferred or dislocated responsibility, the essays probe tensions between action and abstention, distance and proximity, futility and hope, and containment and freedom with the objective of dismantling forms of ‘démission’ (Fanon 1952) or abdication and locating an actionable ‘otherwise’ allowing for accountability and solidarity. The contributors’ ‘horizoning work’ (Petryna 2018) imagines a different ground from which to anticipate the role of medicine in the 21st century.
Perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade materna no Brasil no período de 2015 a 2019
Authors: Barreto Bianca Leão
Published: April 2021

OBJETIVO: Determinar o perfil epidemiológico dos óbitos maternos no Brasil no período de 2015 a 2019. METODOLOGIA: Estudo epidemiológico descritivo retrospectivo com dados extraídos na base de dados do TABNET/DATASUS. As variáveis de interesse foram: ano de notificação, região de notificação, faixa etária, cor/raça, escolaridade, estado civil, local de ocorrência e tipo de causa obstétrica. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva, por meio de frequência absoluta e relativa. RESULTADOS: No período o total de óbitos foi de 324.792.  O ano que apresentou o maior registro de óbitos foi 2016 (67.147) e a região foi a Sudeste (136.012). Com relação a faixa etária houve maior frequência na idade de 40 a 49 anos (48,5%). Observou-se predomínio da cor/raça parda (45,9%) e branca (40,8%), escolaridade de 8 a 11 (28,4%) anos de estudo e estado civil solteira (53,4%). A maioria dos óbitos ocorreu no hospital (70,2%) e a principal causa foram as obstétricas indiretas (73,1%). CONCLUSÃO: A mortalidade materna continua sendo um problema de saúde no Brasil, necessitando-se que alcance os níveis aceitáveis dos óbitos maternos estabelecidos pelos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). Portanto, é indispensável condutas que visem a redução da mortalidade, promovendo o planejamento familiar e uma assistência pré-natal de excelência.
A MONITORIA ACADÊMICA VOLUNTÁRIA NO CURSO DE PEDAGOGIA: REFLEXÕES SOBRE O CONHECIMENTO DESTE PROJETO DE ENSINO
Authors: Zanlorenzi Claudia Maria Petchak , Muller Bruna Aldine , Dreyer Liliane Eliane
Published: April 2021

A monitoria acadêmica pode ser uma oportunidade de compreensão da práxis – relação entre teoria e prática - e de inserção no universo acadêmico, permitindo aos estudantes apreenderem como se dão as relações de ensino e pesquisa, constituindo-se um espaço especial de reflexão e análise das contradições existentes. O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar reflexões sobre a problemática: qual é o espaço da monitoria acadêmica no ambiente universitário como pertencente a um dos tripés da universidade, qual seja, o ensino? Para tanto, traz ponderações sobre este questionamento, todavia não tem a pretensão de esgotar o assunto, mas sim marcar o espaço da monitoria como proposta para a efetivação de projetos de ensino que ultrapassem as meras disciplinas e aulas proferidas pelo docente universitário.
A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES NO PROJETO DE RECONSTRUÇÃO EDUCACIONAL NO BRASIL
Authors: Silva Sidinei Pithan da , Dutra Quaresma Adriane Helena , Pündrich Paula Luiza
Published: April 2021

Neste artigo buscou-se analisar a escrita do Manifesto dos Pioneiros da Educação Nova (1932) (AZEVEDO, 2006), sob a ótica principal da formação de professores no projeto da reconstrução educacional no Brasil. O objetivo do presente estudo é identificar quais foram as influências do Manifesto de 32 e seus desdobramentos na história da Educação brasileira no que se refere à formação de professores e qual seu legado para a Pedagogia nos dias atuais. O texto foi elaborado com base em pesquisa bibliográfica de autores que abordam a formação social e educacional do Brasil, como Mario Osorio Marques (2006a, b) e Dermeval Saviani et al. (2006). A partir da análise de ações, organizações coletivas e leis sancionadas posteriores à divulgação do Manifesto, e também tendo como referência o PNE (BRASIL, 2015) e as informações atualizadas do Anuário Brasileiro da Educação Básica de 2018, foi possível visualizar o panorama nacional da educação brasileira, seus avanços e recuos e as implicações tanto para a Pedagogia quanto para a formação e valorização do profissional docente na contemporaneidade.
A ESCOLA, A PEDAGOGIA E A FORMAÇÃO HUMANA: DESAFIOS CONTEMPORÂNEOS
Authors: Theves Denise Wildner , Lima João Francisco Lopes de
Published: April 2021

Esse estudo, de caráter bibliográfico, analisa, numa perspectiva histórica e sociológica, a emergência e a evolução dos sistemas escolares como um sistema de formação humana, de responsabilidade do Estado, desde a Modernidade. Considera a tradição formativa produzida como missão para essa modalidade institucionalizada de educação. Analisa, em especial, o binômio instrução e socialização como papel central da escola para a conversão do indivíduo em sujeito social, o cidadão do Estado Moderno, e suas implicações, divididas entre as funções de reprodução social e pretensões superadoras da ordem social. Destaca-se, nesse contexto, o papel da Pedagogia como campo de conhecimento que visa a compreender o fenômeno educativo, organizar suas finalidades e gerar os meios práticos de realização de um projeto formativo. O texto pondera, ainda, sobre alguns desafios contemporâneos às práticas formativas escolares, levando-se em conta o papel atribuído aos sistemas escolares como instância pública de formação humana, desde a Modernidade. O estudo conclui pela viabilidade da tradição formativa moderna no cenário contemporâneo, a ser reconstruída, atualizada e ampliada numa perspectiva hermenêutico-interpretativa.
Justification of the Necessity to Adjust Law Enforcement Agencies to Digital Transformation of Criminality
Authors: Zheludkov M. A.
Published: April 2021

Underestimation of the importance of solving problems in law enforcement agencies in the context of the use of new digital technologies by criminals may lead to the situation when high-tech crime does not replace traditional forms of theft, but may result in a sharp hypoxia of preventive activities, which will lack the planned law enforcement resources and means of responding to emerging threats. The relevance of the paper lies in the fact that when assessing the use of modern digital technologies in scientific literature and regulatory support, special emphasis is placed on specific data functions of technologies to automatically analyze a set of data and with the help of a set of algorithms to make decisions on optimization of processes and activities, that is, the ability to simplify human relationships. However, the experience of law enforcement has shown that the lack of law enforcement support for protecting the society from negative use of technology leads to the fact that the response now follows the criminal consequences of their use of technologies. The creation of artificial intelligence (AI) systems has led to serious social changes, there is a kind of transformation of public relations under the influence of the digital economy, which inevitably creates the prerequisites for the emergence of specific criminal behavior. The paper provides for a brief analysis of information from open sources about the possibilities of criminal use of artificial intelligence. The author aims to analyze the various possibilities of creating a new model of protection against cybercrime under the control of law enforcement agencies in the context of new threats caused by criminal use of AI technology and the new industrial revolution.
Requirements for an Arbitrator: A Comparative Historical Approach
Authors: Kalinina D. A.
Published: April 2021

The paper presents a comparative legal and comparative historical analysis of one of the aspects of the institution of the arbitration, namely, the election of an arbitrator. The contractual, non-state nature of arbitration leaves the disputing parties with a wide freedom of expression, including in determining the personality of a mediator or intermediaries in resolving a dispute. The paper focuses on identifying the key features that the disputing parties should pay attention to when choosing an arbitrator (judges). The Roman jurists established comprehensive and justified set of personality traits that an arbitrator should possess in order to maintain the general idea of the conclusiveness of judicial decisions. According to the norms of Roman law, an arbitrator must be a free person, physically healthy, with a developed intellect, with life experience, not tainted by immoral acts, not involved in illegal activities, not interested in a certain outcome of the case. In the Middle Ages, the system of mandatory requirements for a mediator in a dispute was reduced due to the simplification of public relations regulated by customary law, which was reflected in legislative documents. Priority was given to the high social stratum, ethnic and religious conformity of the judge to the disputing persons. In modern times, the freedom of litigants to choose arbitrators is almost absolute, taking into account the tendency to individualize the interests of the parties to the conflict and the inability to take into account all the particular circumstances of various disputes that could affect the choice of an arbitrator. Only when resolving economic disputes, the parties were guided by the judge’s special knowledge, which makes it possible to understand the essence of the property dispute and make a fair decision. The analysis made it possible to identify the continuity of the provisions of Roman law and the requirements imposed on the arbitration intermediary in the Middle Ages and Modern times. Historical comparison revealed a tendency to reduce the number of mandatory features of the candidate for arbitration, which determined the growing importance of the freedom of the disputing parties as the most significant feature of the arbitration court.
Technology in culture: Embodiment of the divine and transformation of the natural (N.F. Fedorov, P.A. Florensky, F. Dessauer)
Authors: Bernyukevich Tatiana V.
Published: April 2021

The relevance of the research topic is related to the most important religious and philosophical concepts of the late 19th early 20th centuries, in which the mission of technology was defined as a special way of returning to the integrity of being. The purpose of the article is to consider the ideas of N.F. Fedorov, P.A. Florensky, F. Dessauer on the role of technology in the embodiment of the divine purpose and the transformation of the world. Comparative approach was used in the study as the main methodological approach. It contributed not only to the disclosure of the features of the authors ideas, but also made it possible to draw a conclusion about the general trends in determining the ontological status of technology in the religious and philosophical works of the period under consideration. In the conclusion of the article, it is noted that the purpose of technology in the concepts of N.F. Fedorov, P.A. Florensky, F. Dessauer is associated with its ability to overcome decay and restore unity: man with God, divine with natural, natural with social, etc. through culture, understood as human activity, sanctified by the Creators purpose.
SAS ENTERPRISE GUIDE 6.1: LINEAR REGRESSION.
Authors: Bunenkov Nikolay S. , Komok Vladimir V. , Bobylkov Vailiy A. , Grudinin Nikita V. , Bunenkova Gulnara F. , Grinenko Oleg A. , Nemkov Alexander S.
Published: April 2021

Objective: to develop algorithm of prediction of troponin I elevation 3d day postoperatively depending on troponin I level on 1st after on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting using SAS Enterprise Guide6.1 software.
Materials and methods
Data collection was performed according to prospective non-randomized clinical trial AMIRI CABG in Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia between 2016-2019 years with 336 patients with indications to coronary artery bypass grafting.
Algorithm was developed for on-pump group (n=128). There is database which include following information: troponin I level 1st and 3в days postoperatively. There was determined distribution of variables and linear regression was used for predicting model construction and its precision was estimated as well.
Results. There was developed algorithm of prediction of myocardial damage after on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting with linear regression model using SAS Enterprise Guide6.1 software.
Conclusion. Presented algorithm of linear regression allows to compare independent groups for nominal data.
Neutrophilic granulocytes: phagocytes and more
Authors: Aleshina Galina M.
Published: April 2021

Neutrophilic granulocytes are one of the key cellular factors of innate immunity. The review presents data on the morphology, migration and utilization of neutrophilic granulocytes, phagocytosis and degranulation processes, neutrophilic extracellular traps, plasticity of neutrophils, their role in systemic inflammatory reactions and regulation of adaptive immunity.
PSİKOLOJİK SERMAYENİN KURUMSAL İTİBAR ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: AKYÜZ Meral , CİNEL Mehmet Ozan
Published: April 2021

Psikolojik sermayeyi desteklemeye yönelik çalışmalar kurumsal itibarın artmasına sebep olarak görülerek, psikolojik sermayenin kurumsal itibar üzerinde pozitif etki oluşturacağı varsayımı ile bu çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Psikolojik sermaye ile kurumsal itibar ilişkisi denilince örgüt üyelerinin psikolojik sermaye düzeyleri ile yine örgüt üyelerinin kurumu algılarken zihinlerinde canlanan itibar olgusu arasındaki ilişkiden söz edilmektedir dolayısıyla çalışma kapsamında bu ilişki bütün yönleri ile inceleme alanı bulmuştur. Daha detaylı söz etmek gerekirse psikolojik sermayenin alt boyutları; öz yeterlilik, umut, iyimserlik ve dayanıklılık ile kurumsal itibarın alt boyutları olan duygusal çekicilik, vizyon ve liderlik, hizmet ile ürünler, sosyal sorumluluk, çalışma alanı ve ekonomik performans arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise evren içerisinden kolayda örneklem yöntemi ile seçilen Giresun Üniversitesi merkez ve diğer ilçelerdeki birimlerde idari personel olarak görev yapan 203 katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Yapılan analizlerde; araştırmaya katılanların sosyo-demografik özelliklerin belirlenmesi için frekans dağılımı, açımlayıcı faktör analizi, iç tutarlılık analizi, betimsel analiz, araştırma değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkinin testi için korelasyon analizi ve regresyon analizleri yer almaktadır.
CDS Risk Primleri ile Dış Borçlanma İlişkisi: Simetrik ve Asimetrik Nedensellik Analizi
Authors: AKKUŞ Ömer
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışma Türkiye’nin kamu ve özel sektör dış borcu ile kredi temerrüt swapları (CDS) arasındaki ilişkiyi 2000Q4-2019Q1 dönemi verilerinden yaralanarak incelemektedir. Kamu ve özel sektör dış borcu ile CDS arasındaki simetrik nedensellik ilişkisi Hacker ve Hatemi-J (2006) nedensellik testi ile incelenirken değişkenlerin pozitif ve negatif bileşenleri arasındaki ilişki Hatemi-J (2012) asimetrik nedensellik testi aracılığıyla incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın ampirik bulguları kamu dış borçlanması ile CDS primleri arasında çift yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığını ortaya koyarken özel sektör dış borcu ile CDS primleri arasında herhangi bir nedensellik ilişkinin bulunmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Kamu dış borcundaki pozitif bir şokun CDS primlerindeki pozitif ve negatif şokların bir nedeni olduğu ancak kamu dış borcundaki negatif bir şokun CDS primi bileşenlerinin bir nedeni olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Özel sektör dış borcundaki pozitif ve negatif şokların CDS risk primindeki pozitif şokların bir nedeni olduğu belirlenirken CDS risk primlerindeki pozitif şokun da özel sektör dış borcundaki negatif şokun bir nedeni olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır.
Formula Optimization of Feminine Liquid Soap from Garlic (Allium sativum Linn) Extract
Authors: Hadning Ingenida , Yunika Astri
Published: April 2021

Leucorrhoea is a condition frequently experienced by women. If it is not appropriately treated, it can become a more severe problem. Leucorrhoea is caused by “Candida albicans” fungus infection. Garlic (Allium sativum Linn) has antibacterial and antifungal activity, where garlic can inhibit the growth of the Candida albicans. This study aims to determine the optimal formulation of feminine liquid soap from garlic extract (Allium sativum Linn) with good physical quality; thus, garlic in treating Leucorrhoea can be practically easier. Optimization of liquid soap formulation used carbopol and sodium lauryl sulfate with various concentration variations. The method included organoleptic observation, pH, and specific gravity for one-month storage to obtain a good physical quality of liquid soap. The result showed that the formula with 10% sodium lauryl sulfate met the physical quality test requirements of feminine liquid soap; thus, the formulation of feminine liquid soap with 10% sodium lauryl sulfate was optimal.
Aplicação de Tratamento Estatístico Utilizando o Método de Tukey para Análise de Ruído e Vibração de Veículos SUV
Authors: Lays E. Cunha  , Fábio S. Gomes
Published: April 2021

A aplicação de métodos combinados para análise estatística de parâmetros de conformidade é convencional e utilizado desde os primeiros conceitos de estatística descritiva. Partindo deste princípio, este trabalho teve como objetivo demonstrar o comportamento de uma proposta de métricas para ruído e vibração interna veicular, utilizando para tanto a análise três sigma (distribuição normal) e o método de John Tukey. Este método em conjunto com os resultados da análise sigma caracterizou valores de distintas grandezas, possibilitando padronizar para os veículos da mesma categoria (SUV) os limites adotados. Os resultados obtidos na amostra mensurada geraram valores de LMS (limite superior) advindos do método de tukey, estes correlacionaram se com a amplitude estudentizada possibilitando a adaptação de um padrão e viabilizando confrontar as medições subsequentes destinadas a avaliação de conformidade produtiva.
Sustainable Architectural Education, Between Theory and Practice - The Case of Lesser Poland
Authors: Butelski Kazimierz Leonard
Published: April 2021

The balance between theory and practice in architectural education is a permanent element of the discussion on teaching architecture. The article discusses the method of implementation of practical knowledge of the architectural profession at Poland’s largest department of architecture – Cracow University of Technology. Showing the subsequent stages of the education process on the way to obtaining authorization to independent design in Poland. Against this background, the didactic methods used in the initially experimental subject and now regular one taught at the Faculty of Architecture of the Technical University of Cracow together with the Chamber of Architects of the Republic of Poland since 2018 are discussed. The results of this collaboration and the didactic effects are discussed. The experience of adapting methods for remote education in connection with the pandemic of Covid-19 is also presented. In conclusion, because of the obtained results in response to the legal changes introduced by the State, the proposed new model of professional practice is discussed which, in the coming years, will cover all architecture universities in Poland.
The Relationship between Autonomy-Supporting Coaching and Interruption Intention: Verification of the Mediating Effect of Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Oh Youngtaek
Published: April 2021

Objective: Studies in Sports Psychology and Sociology have validated causality in team-sport athletes by using emotional intelligence as a variable. This study aimed to examine the causal relationship between the types of autonomy support coaching, emotional intelligence, and interruption intention as psychosocial variables among current taekwondo athletes in Korea. Methods: In this study, 217 adult or university athletes registered in the Korea Taekwondo Association in 2020 were evaluated for the type of autonomy support coaching, emotional intelligence, and interruption intention. Results: Autonomy support coaching recognized by taekwondo athletes has a negative and positive effect on interruption intention and emotional intelligence, respectively. Moreover, emotional intelligence has a negative effect on interruption intention. which revealed that autonomy support coaching has a negative effect on interruption intention through emotional intelligence. Conclusions: Such outcomes can serve as a foundation for athletes to have the opportunity to participate in sports in a mature manner and promote positive changes in sports culture. In other words, the sensibility of the athletes can be harmoniously symmetry.
Protamine for RNA Transfection: From Heparin Antagonist to RNA Delivery
Authors: Jarzebska Natalia Teresa , Mellett Mark , Frei Julia , Kuendig Thoams M , Pascolo Steve
Published: April 2021

Protamine is a natural cationic peptide mixture mostly known as a drug for the neutralization of heparin and as a compound in formulations of slow-release insulin. Protamine is also used for cellular delivery of nucleic acids due to opposite charge-driven coupling. This year marks60 years since the first use of Protamine as a transfection enhancement agent. Since then, Protamine has been broadly used as a stabilization agent for RNA delivery. It has also been involved in several compositions for RNA-based vaccinations in clinical development. Protamine stabilization of RNA shows double functionality: it not only protects RNA from degradation within biological systems, but also enhances penetration into cells. A Protamine-based RNA delivery system is a flexible and versatile platform that can be adjusted according to therapeutic goals: fused with targeting antibodies for precise delivery, digested into a cell penetrating peptide for better transfection efficiency or not-covalently mixed with functional polymers. This manuscript gives an overview of the strategies employed in protamine-based RNA delivery, including the optimization of the nucleic acid’s stability and translational efficiency, as well as the regulation of its immunostimulatory properties from early studies to recent developments.
Design of Iridium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Amino Acid Catalysts for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones
Authors: Bernier Chad M. , Merola Joseph S.
Published: April 2021

A series of chiral complexes of the form Ir(NHC)2(aa)(H)(X) (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene, aa = chelated amino acid, X = halide) was synthesized by oxidative addition of -amino acids to iridium(I) bis-NHC compounds and screened for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones. Following optimization of the reaction conditions, NHC, and amino acid ligands, high enantioselectivity was achieved when employing the Ir(IMe)2(l-Pro)(H)(I) catalyst (IMe = 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene), which asymmetrically reduces a range of acetophenone derivatives in up to 95% enantiomeric excess.
Pengaruh Konfigurasi Brace Pada Struktur Rangka Dua Dimensi (2D)
Authors: Melati Suci Indah , Alie Muhammad Zubair Muis
Published: April 2021

Struktur portal umumnya terdiri dari 2 dan 3 dimensi, beban-beban yang bekerja padanya juga bervariasi disesuaikan dengan tujuan dari portal itu sendiri digunakan. Struktur portal baik 2 atau 3 dimensi merupakan struktur yang tersusun dari balok dan kolom, sehingga umumnya diperkuat dengan batang diagonal yang disebut brace. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh konfigurasi brace pada portal 2 dimensi. Struktur tersebut dimodelkan yang memilki konfigurasi brace yang bervariasi yang terdiri dari 5 model. Kondisi batas kelima model adalah sendi dan jepit dengan beban aksial titik yang konstan bekerja pada tiang vertikal. Dimensi portal, tegangan luluh, modulus elastisitas dan rasio poison diasumsikan konstan. Untuk pemodelan, perhitungan dan analisis, digunakan program bantu komputer yaitu SAP 2000. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa reaksi tumpuan, perpindahan titik dan deformasi dari kelima model.