bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sn Isotopic Values in Ten Geological Reference Materials by Double‐Spike MC‐ICP‐MS
Authors: Wang Zhao‐Yang , Luo Zhen‐Yu , Zhang Le , Liu Jun‐Jie , Li Jie
Published: June 2022

The tin mass fraction and the δ120/118Sn relative to NIST SRM 3161a were measured for ten geological reference materials among which the Sn isotopic values of W‐2a, JA‐2, JG‐2, G‐2, GBW07316, NOD‐A‐1 and SGR‐1 are reported for the first time. The sample preparation procedure implemented in this study was based on acid digestion and matrix separation by two‐stage chromatographic using AG‐MP‐1 and TRU‐Spec resin. Isotopic measurements were carried out by multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS), using a 117Sn–119Sn double‐spike technique to correct for the instrumental mass fractionation effects. The overall precision of this method is estimated to be ± 0.03‰ (2s, n = 81) and ± 0.07‰ (2s, n = 6) for the NIST SRM 3161a and a geological reference material BHVO‐2, respectively.
Adverse perinatal outcomes associated with timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sexton Harriet , Kumarendran Mary , Brandon Zoe , Shi Christine , Kirtley Shona , Hemelaar Joris
Published: June 2022

Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends immediate initiation of lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all people living with HIV, including pregnant women. As a result, an increasing number of women living with HIV conceive while taking ART, the vast majority of whom reside in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). We aimed to assess the association between timing of ART initiation and perinatal outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a systematic literature review by searching PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Global Health (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and four clinical trial databases (WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, the ClinicalTrials.gov database, and the ISRCTN Registry) from 1 January 1980 to 28 April 2018. We identified studies reporting specific perinatal outcomes among pregnant women living with HIV according to timing of ART initiation and extracted data. Perinatal outcomes assessed were preterm birth (<37 weeks), very preterm birth (<32 weeks), low birthweight (<2500 g), very low birthweight (<1500 g), small for gestational age (<10th centile), very small for gestational age (<3rd centile) and neonatal death (<29 days). Random‐effects meta‐analyses examined perinatal outcomes associated with preconception and antenatal ART initiation as well as according to trimesters of antenatal initiation. We performed quality assessments and subgroup and sensitivity analyses, and assessed the effect of adjustment for confounders. This systematic review and meta‐analyses is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42021248987.

Results

Of 51 874 unique citations, 25 studies (eight prospective and 17 retrospective cohort studies) were eligible for analysis, including 40 920 women living with HIV. Preconception ART initiation was associated with a significantly increased risk of preterm birth (relative risk 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.31) compared with antenatal ART initiation. Preconception ART initiation was not significantly associated with very preterm birth, low birthweight, very low birthweight, small for gestational age, very small for gestational age, or neonatal death. First trimester exposure (i.e. preconception or first trimester initiation) was not significantly associated with any increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. No significant association between timing of ART initiation and adverse perinatal outcomes was found in the studies of higher quality and those conducted in LMICs.

Conclusion

Preconception ART initiation is associated with preterm birth but no other adverse perinatal outcomes. In LMICs, where most pregnant women living with HIV reside, the timing of ART initiation was not associated with any adverse perinatal outcomes.
Guideline‐based audit of the hospital management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Drak Douglas , Fulcher Jordan , Kilian Jens , Chong James J. H. , Grover Rominder , Sindone Andrew P. , Adams Mark , Lattimore Jo‐Dee , Keech Anthony C.
Published: June 2022

Background

Heart failure is a major burden in Australia in terms of morbidity, mortality and healthcare expenditure. Multiple evidence‐based therapies are recommended for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but data on physician adherence to therapy guidelines are limited.

Aim

To compare use of HFrEF therapies against current evidence‐based guidelines in an Australian hospital inpatient population.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients admitted with a principal diagnosis of HFrEF across six metropolitan hospitals in Sydney, Australia, between January 2015 and June 2016. Use of medical and device therapies was compared with guideline recommendations using individual patient indications/contraindications. Readmission and mortality data were collected for a 1‐year period following the admission.

Results

Of the 1028 HFrEF patients identified, 39 were being managed with palliative intent, leaving 989 patients for the primary analysis. Use of beta‐blockers (87.7% actual use/93.6% recommended use) and diuretics (88.4%/99.3%) was high among eligible patients. There were large evidence‐practice gaps for angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB; 66.4%/89.0%) and aldosterone antagonists (41.0%/77.1%). In absolute terms, use of these therapies each increased by over 11% from admission. Ivabradine (11.5%/21.2%), automated internal cardiac defibrillators (29.5%/66.1%) and cardiac resynchronisation therapy (13.1%/28.7%) were used in a minority of eligible patients. Over the 1‐year follow‐up period, the mortality rate was 14.8%, and 44.2% of patients were readmitted to hospital at least once.

Conclusion

Hospitalisation is a key mechanism for initiation of HFrEF therapies. The large evidence‐practice gaps for ACEI/ARB and aldosterone antagonists represent potential avenues for improved HFrEF management.
Community participation and staying home if you want:USadults with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Stancliffe Roger J. , Pettingell Sandra L. , Bershadsky Julie , Houseworth James , Tichá Renáta
Published: June 2022

Background

Requiring adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities to go on community outings with co‐residents and staff is contrary to community‐living policy's focus on person centredness and choice of activities/companions.

Method

We analysed 2018‐19 National Core Indicators data from 36 US states concerning 7968 adults living in staffed, non‐family, multi‐client settings. The focus outcome was being able to stay home if you want when others in your home go out.

Results

The 42.0% of participants who could stay home were more likely to go out with friends, family or alone, and less likely to go out with staff. Those who could stay home participated in a similar variety of community activities and went out more often to shop or for errands.

Conclusions

Individuals who could stay home likely had more choice about where, when and with whom they went out. Strategies for greater person‐centredness are proposed.
Global prevalence and clinical manifestations of cutaneous adverse reactions following COVID‐19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Washrawirul C. , Triwatcharikorn J. , Phannajit J. , Ullman M. , Susantitaphong P. , Rerknimitr P.
Published: June 2022

Although vaccination is widely accepted as an effective method of preventing and controlling the COVID‐19 pandemic, many people are concerned about possible cutaneous side‐effects, which can delay or prevent them from being vaccinated. The objectives of this systematic review were to assess the global prevalence and clinical manifestations of cutaneous adverse reactions following COVID‐19 vaccination. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for articles published from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2021, and reference lists for each selected article were screened. Case reports, case series, observational studies and randomized controlled trials that provided information on cutaneous adverse reactions following COVID‐19 vaccines were included. A total of 300 studies were included in a systematic review of which 32 studies with 946 366 participants were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled prevalence of cutaneous manifestations following COVID‐19 vaccination was 3.8% (95% CI, 2.7%–5.3%). COVID‐19 vaccines based on the mRNA platform had a higher prevalence than other platforms at 6.9% (95% CI, 3.8%–12.3%). Various cutaneous manifestations have been reported from injection site reactions, which were the most common (72.16%) to uncommon adverse reactions such as delayed inflammatory reactions to tissue filler (0.07%) and flares of pre‐existing dermatoses (0.07%). Severe cutaneous reactions such as anaphylaxis have also been reported, but in rare cases (0.05%). In conclusion, cutaneous adverse reactions are common, especially in those receiving mRNA vaccines. Most reactions are mild and are not contraindications to subsequent vaccination except for anaphylaxis, which rarely occurs. COVID‐19 vaccination may also be associated with flares of pre‐existing dermatoses and delayed inflammatory reactions to tissue filler. Patients with a history of allergies, pre‐existing skin conditions or scheduled for filler injections should receive additional precounselling and monitoring. A better understanding of potential side‐effects may strengthen public confidence in those wary of new vaccine technologies.
Global prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis in the past two decades: current evidence
Authors: Liu L. , Cai X.‐c. , Sun X.‐y. , Zhou Y.‐q. , Jin M.‐z. , Wang J. , Ma T. , Li B. , Li X.
Published: June 2022

Patients with psoriasis are at an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, a systematic analysis of its global prevalence has not been performed to date. Here, we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the prevalence of MetS among patients with psoriasis. We searched five databases from inception through September 2021 and used the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) tools to assess observational study quality. Stata SE 15.1 was used to perform the data analysis. Subgroup, meta‐regression and sensitivity analyses were used to evaluate interstudy heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger's and Begg's linear tests. The global prevalence of MetS in patients with psoriasis was 32% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26–0.38). The prevalence in adults was 32% (95% CI, 0.29–0.36), while that in children and adolescents was 9% (95% CI, 0.00–0.18). Latin America had the highest prevalence of 47% (95% CI, 0.43–0.51), whereas North America had the lowest prevalence of 26% (95% CI, 0.16–0.37). Patients with psoriasis vulgaris (29%; 95% CI, 0.23–0.35) or severe psoriasis (37%; 95% CI, 0.27–0.46) had a higher prevalence of MetS than those with other psoriasis types. These findings suggest that MetS should be appropriately recognized and managed in patients with psoriasis. More population‐based prospective observational studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the coexistence of MetS in patients with psoriasis.
Hospitals serving nursing home residents disproportionately penalized under hospital readmissions reduction program
Authors: Ye Zhiqiu , Temkin‐Greener Helena , Mukamel Dana B. , Li Yue , Dumyati Ghinwa K. , Intrator Orna
Published: June 2022

Background

Risk factors common to nursing home (NH) residents are potentially not fully captured by the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP). The unique challenges faced by hospitals that disproportionately serve NH residents who are at greater risk of readmissions have not been studied.

Methods

Using 100% Medicare Provider Analysis and Review File and the Minimum Data Set from 2010–2013, we constructed a measure of hospital share of NH‐originating hospitalizations (NOHs). We defined hospital share of NOHs as the proportion of inpatient stays by patients aged 65 or older who were directly admitted from NHs. To evaluate the impact of the share of NOHs on readmission penalties, we categorized hospitals into quartiles according to their share of NOHs and estimated the differences in the adjusted penalties across hospital quartiles after accounting for hospital characteristics, market characteristics and state fixed effects. We repeated the analyses for the penalties incurred in each year between 2015 and 2019.

Results

Hospitals varied substantially in the share of NOHs (median [interquartile range], 11.3% [8.2%–15.1%]), with limited variation over time. In 2015, hospitals in the highest quartile of NOH received on average 0.58% Medicare payment reduction compared to 0.44% reduction among those in the lowest quartile (32.9% higher penalties, p < 0.001). The increase in penalties continued to grow in 2017 and 2018 when the HRRP expanded to include additional target conditions (47.3% and 66.7%, respectively, p < 0.001 for both). Although the effect diminished in 2019 following the additional adjustment for hospital's dual‐eligible share, hospitals in the highest quartile of NOH still incurred 43.0% (p < 0.001) higher penalties than those in the lowest quartile.

Conclusions

Hospitals varied considerably in their share of NOHs. Hospitals having a higher share of NOHs were disproportionately penalized for excess readmissions, even under the revised policy that adjusts for the share of dual‐eligible admissions.
Effect of age and sex in renal function by ultrasound and serum chemistry in two primate species (Alouatta caraya and Sapajus apella)
Authors: da Silva Gessiane Pereira , de Souza Pereira Thyago Habner , Imbeloni Aline Amaral , do Santos de Andrade Rafael , Dias Neto Ramiro das Neves , Coutinho Leandro Nassar , Gering Ana Paula , Benarrós Marina Sette Camara , Junior José Jones Pereira , Monteiro Frederico Ozanan Barros , Takeshita Rafaela S. C.
Published: June 2022

Background

Comparative studies of kidney morphophysiology in nonhuman primates can help us investigate interspecies differences in growth and aging patterns.

Methods

We tested the effect of age and sex in renal morphophysiology in 21 Alouatta caraya and 21 Sapajus apella (age range = 0.5–26 years) by ultrasound, red blood cell (RBC) count, and kidney function tests.

Results

A. caraya had greater growth rate and absolute renal volume than S. apella, but the latter showed a greater relative renal volume and RBC count. There was a negative relationship between RBC and age, a positive relationship between creatinine and body mass, and an apparent negative relationship between creatinine and age only in S. apella.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that A. caraya has a faster aging mechanism than S. apella, and the higher relative kidney volume in S. apella is suggestive of high metabolic demands in this species.
Sound production and mechanism in the cryptic cusk‐eelParophidion vassali
Authors: Eric Parmentier , Gaëlle Stainier , Renaud Boistel , Fine Michael L. , Loïc Kéver , Lucia Di Iorio , Marta Bolgan
Published: June 2022

This study investigates the sounds and the anatomy of the sound‐producing organ in the male and female sand‐dwelling cusk‐eelParophidion vassali. Although both sexes have similar external phenotype, they can be distinguished by their sonic apparatus and sounds. As in many Ophioidei,Parophidion vassalipresents a panel of highly derived characters. Fish possess three pairs of sonic muscles, and males have mineralized swimbladder caps on which inserts the ventral sonic muscle, a neural arch that pivots, a stretchable swimbladder fenestra, an osseous swimbladder plate and a rounded pressure‐release membrane in the caudal swimbladder. Females, however, do not possess anterior swimbladder caps, a swimbladder fenestra and the caudal rounded membrane. Males possess the unusual ability to produce sounds starting with a set of low amplitude pulses followed by a second set with higher amplitudes clearly dividing each sound unit into two parts. Females do not vary their sound amplitude in this way: they produce shorter sounds and pulse periods but with a higher peak frequency. Morphology and sound features support the sound‐producing mechanism is based on a rebound system (i.e. quick backward snap of the anterior swimbladder). Based on features of the sounds from tank recordings, we have putatively identified the sound of maleParophidion vassaliat sea. As these species are ecologically cryptic, we hope this work will allow assessment and clarify the distribution of their populations.
Modifications of the locomotor system in habitually quadrupedal humans
Authors: Tardieu Christine , Demirhan Osman , Akbal Eylül , Ozgozen Levent , Biçer Ömer Sunkar , Delapré Arnaud , Cornette Raphaël , Herrel Anthony
Published: June 2022

The acquisition of habitual bipedal locomotion, which resulted in numerous modifications of the skeleton was a crucial step in hominid evolution. However, our understanding of the inherited skeletal modifications versus those acquired while learning to walk remains limited. We here present data derived from X‐rays and CT scans of quadrupedal adult humans and compare the morphology of the vertebral column, pelvis and femur to that of a bipedal brother. We show how a skeleton forged by natural selection for bipedal locomotion is modified when used to walk quadrupedally. The quadrupedal brother is characterised by the absence of femoral obliquity, a very high anteversion angle of the femoral neck, a very high collo‐diaphyseal angle and a very reduced lordosis. The differences in the pelvis are more subtle and complex, yet of functional importance. The modification of the ischial spines to an ischial ridge and the perfectly rounded shape of the sacral curvature are two unique features that can be directly attributed to a quadrupedal posture and locomotion. We propose a functional interpretation of these two exceptional modifications. Unexpectedly, the quadrupedal brother and sister show a greater angle of pelvic incidence compared to their bipedal brother, a trait previously shown to increase with learning to walk in bipedal subjects. Moreover, the evolution from an occasional towards a permanent bipedality has given rise to a functional association between the angle of pelvic incidence and the lumbar curvature, with high angles of incidence and greater lumbar curvature promoting stability during bipedal locomotion. The quadrupedal brother and sister with a high angle of incidence and a very reduced lordosis thus show a complete decoupling of this complex functional integration.
Impact Bias in Regret: Comparisons Between Within‐Subjects and Between‐Subjects Designs, Kokaishita and Kuyashi, and the Presence and Absence of Reward1,2
Authors: Ichimura Kenshiro , Taoka Daiki , Miyahara Rina
Published: June 2022

When people anticipate future regret, they overestimate its strength compared to experienced regret. Two experiments investigated this impact bias of regret by manipulating regret type (anticipated/experienced) in a within‐subjects design. Regret was measured using the Japanese words kokaishita (後悔した) and kuyashi (悔しい), which are both translated as “regret” in English but differ in nuance in Japanese. We compared the participants' feelings of kokaishita and kuyashi when they failed at tasks in which their decisions did or did not affect the outcome. In Experiment 1 but not Experiment 2, the participants were offered an additional reward for task success. The results suggested that (a) impact bias occurs robustly when the same person both anticipates and experiences regret; (b) kokaishita is felt in response to decision failures, while kuyashi is felt for any kind of task failure; and (c) the presence of additional rewards influences the intensity of kokaishita but not that of kuyashi or impact bias.
Developing multimodal communicative competence: adolescent English learners' multimodal composition in an after‐school programme
Authors: Kang Joohoon
Published: June 2022

This qualitative study aimed to investigate adolescent English learners' multimodal communicative competence. Grounded upon a social semiotic approach with the concepts of affordances and transmediation, this research was carried out in an after‐school programme at a secondary school in Korea. Three high school students participated in the multimodal composition project and produced narrative and argumentative multimodal texts. Multiple sources of data were gathered from interviews, video recordings with fieldnotes and student artefacts. The data were analysed using an inductive and deductive approach, along three orientations: modes as social action; modes as framing devices; and modes as agency representation. The students' multimodal texts were analysed based on multimodal text analysis. This study demonstrated that the participants personalised, avoided, modified and orchestrated semiotic modes to engage in multimodal composition. The study also revealed that the students' selection and use of semiotic modes were influenced by their audience awareness, genre knowledge and identities, and vice versa, all of which contributed to developing their multimodal communicative competence. The paper concludes with pedagogical implications for multimodal composition practices and suggestions for future multimodal composition studies.
Feminist philosophy of humor
Authors: Marvin Amy
Published: June 2022

Over the past decades humor studies has formed an unprecedented interdisciplinary consolidation, connected with a consolidation in philosophy of humor scholarship. In this essay, I focus specifically on feminist philosophy of humor as an area of study that highlights relationships between humor, language, subjectivity, power, embodiment, instability, affect, and resistance, introducing several of its key themes while mapping out tensions that can be productive for further research. I first cover feminist theories of humor as instability and then move to feminist theories of humor as generative of social relationships. Though I diagnose several tensions between these approaches that require further elaboration and discussion, I conclude that feminist philosophy of humor is a crucial area of humor research that focuses on systematic oppression, political engagement, embodiment, and affective ties.
Dental and health aspects in the co‐occurrence of Treacher Collins and Down syndromes: Case report
Authors: Campos Priscilla Sena Souza Luz , Taitson Paulo Franco , Pinto da Silva Luís Cândido , Leão Leticia Lima
Published: June 2022

The goal of this case report is to identify the dental care of a patient who has co‐occurrence of Treacher Collins and Down syndromes. It is the third case reported in the literature and the first relating dental treatment under general anesthesia and multidisciplinary importance. It was necessary the child's nutritional assessment in this case. This case highlights the importance of individualizing therapeutic protocols, due to the behavioral aspects of patients with special needs, optimizing treatment results in a single session under general anesthesia. Oral health is closely related to overall health, and it is important for awareness that the whole influences the success of medical treatment.
Locally extensive follicular hamartomas with concurrent follicular cysts and dermoid cysts on the head of a dog
Authors: Schuldenfrei Marvin D. , Affolter Verena K. , Outerbridge Catherine A. , White Stephen D.
Published: June 2022

A 5‐month‐old, male intact Australian shepherd dog was presented with nodular lesions affecting the dorsal head. A locally diffuse form of follicular hamartomas, with concurrent dermoid cysts and follicular cysts, was diagnosed by histopathological examination. Complete surgical excision of the affected skin and closure with a subdermal plexus advancement flap led to long‐term resolution.
A retrospective analysis of the concordance of in‐house fungal culture and a commercial quantitative PCR from 16 dermatology referral practices across the USA (2018–2019)
Authors: Frost Katrina , Schick Anthea , Mount Rebecca
Published: June 2022

Background

Commercial quantitative (q)PCR and fungal culture can be used concurrently or individually to test for dermatophytosis with a reported high sensitivity and specificity.

Hypothesis/Objectives

The aims of this retrospective study were: (i) to evaluate the concordance of a commercial qPCR with in‐house fungal culture for the initial diagnosis of dermatophytosis and for monitoring for mycological cure during treatment in dermatology private practice; and (ii) determine the sensitivity and specificity of qPCR overall, (iii) for initial diagnosis and (iv) for treatment monitoring in dogs and cats.

Animals

Four‐hundred and twenty‐seven client‐owned dogs and 188 client‐owned cats.

Materials and methods

Retrospective evaluation of electronic medical records from 615 client‐owned dogs and cats presented to 16 dermatology referral practices across the USA from 2018 to 2019. Concordance of qPCR with in‐house fungal culture and sensitivity and specificity were determined from 667 paired samples.

Results

qPCR agreed with in‐house fungal culture in 63 of 85 positive tests and 571 of 582 negative tests, with an overall sensitivity and specificity of 74.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 63.5–83.0] and 98.1% (95%CI 96.6–99.0), respectively. qPCR sensitivity and specificity for the initial diagnosis of dermatophytosis and for treatment monitoring were 72.4% (95%CI 59.1–83.3) and 98.7% (95%CI 97.3–99.5), and 77.8% (95%CI 57.7–91.4) and 92.0% (95%CI 80.1–97.8), respectively.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Compared to in‐house fungal culture, qPCR was less sensitive and more specific than reported previously. These findings suggest that a diagnosis of dermatophytosis and determining mycological cure should continue to be based on a combination of complementary diagnostic tests.
Antecedentes e impactos en el derecho a la huelga como consecuencia del ingreso de Colombia en la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE)
Authors: Peláez Rafet Verónica , López Chaparro Laura D.
Published: June 2022

Este artículo representa un esfuerzo para el análisis de las principales problemáticas identificadas por la OCDE, en la legislación y las prácticas colombianas actuales, respecto al ejercicio del derecho a la huelga en Colombia (elemento necesario para garantizar la efectiva defensa de los derechos constitucionales a la asociación, la negociación y la libertad sindical). Así, se identificarán los efectos en el mediano y largo plazo, junto con los ajustes y proyecciones a los que Colombia se ha comprometido, así como las expectativas y mejores prácticas que potencialmente podrán ser implementadas por el gobierno y el legislador.
Consumidores vulnerables, asimetría informativa e interpretación
Authors: Veiga Copo Abel Benito
Published: June 2022

Calibrar la importancia que la vulnerabilidad, como estado de hecho, pero también realidad circunstancial incide en las relaciones contractuales exige dimensionar los efectos y constatación de esta, máxime de cara a adoptar un acuerdo racional y eficiente para ambas partes de una relación obligacional. El lenguaje, el condicionado, la redacción de los documentos, la comprensibilidad del conjunto de derechos y deberes y la transparencia con o sin necesidad de una interpretación exigen hoy una especial protección tuitiva.
El giro en el constitucionalismo colombiano. De la lectura moral de los derechos fundamentales al problema de su eficacia
Authors: Maldonado Sagre Lina , Gallo Callejas Mauricio Andrés
Published: June 2022

El artículo identifica dos tipos de constitucionalismo, entendido como conocimiento del derecho establecido por las normas de derechos fundamentales de la Constitución de Colombia de 1991 y que denomina la (inicial) lectura moral y el (actual) giro hacia la eficacia. Su principal argumento dice que, en lugar de complementarios, una comprensión adecuada los muestra como las alternativas excluyentes que surgen de nuestra necesidad de elegir (entre dos formas de entender cómo operan tales normas en los estrados judiciales como dispositivos de reivindicación social). Para su defensa acude a una estrategia en la que ambos constitucionalismos quedan vinculados con el republicanismo de Maquiavelo (la lucha por el poder eficaz) y el de Montesquieu (la lucha contra el poder despótico); esto, primero, para sostener que una lectura moral amplia y donde opera el tipo de razón reconciliadora con la que trabaja Alexy, permitiría su entendimiento armónico; segundo, que bajo condiciones políticas como las del departamento de Córdoba (y que tras las huellas de Espinosa y García son llamadas de apartheid institucional) se hace inevitable elegir entre emprender la lucha contra el poder despótico (lectura moral en sentido estrecho) o el déficit de poder (giro a la eficacia).
Transmisibilidad del crédito por daño moral en el derecho japonés
Authors: Rodríguez Samudio Rubén Enrique
Published: June 2022

La transmisibilidad del derecho a la reclamación por daño moral en caso de la muerte de la víctima no es un tema uniforme en el derecho comparado. Algunas legislaciones cuentan con prohibiciones específicas a la transmisión de la acción, salvo casos en los que la víctima haya demandado antes de fallecer. Otras les otorgan a los herederos la misma legitimación que la víctima fallecida. Sin embargo, muchas legislaciones guardan silencio en cuanto a la materia. Japón sigue esta última vertiente, lo que produjo amplias discusiones sobre la naturaleza de los daños morales y su transmisibilidad, terminando en una aceptación sin límites de la ejecución por parte de los herederos de la víctima. Esto por su parte abrió las puertas para que la jurisprudencia reconociera ciertos tipos de bienes jurídicos en el caso de responsabilidad médica, utilizando los principios generales de la transmisibilidad de la acción por daño moral.
On Using a Brushless Motor as a Passive Torque-Controllable Brake
Authors: Vailati Léo G. , Goldfarb Michael
Published: June 2022

When compared to electrically modulated brakes (EMBs), such as a magnetic particle brake, modern brushless direct current (BLDC) motors have substantially higher power densities, and therefore have become an attractive alternative to EMBs for applications requiring controllable modulated resistance (i.e., torque-controllable braking). Unlike brakes, however, which fundamentally guarantee strict passivity, emulating mechanical resistance with a motor does not guarantee passive behavior. In order to enable the use of a motor as a torque-controllable brake with fundamentally guaranteed passivity, this paper presents a control scheme that provides high-fidelity torque tracking and physically guarantees strictly passive behavior. Specifically, this paper: (1) describes model-based control methods for applications requiring high-fidelity torque control and strictly passive impedance; (2) presents an analysis that characterizes the limits of control and tradeoffs of controllability and energy generation associated with using a motor in this manner; and (3) presents experimental results that validate both the system characterization and control performance for the strictly passive controllable impedance approach.
Estimation of Discretization Uncertainty Using the γ−Reθ Transition Model for Transitional Flows on 6:1 Spheroid
Authors: Atik Hediye
Published: June 2022

This paper aims to estimate the surface mesh size related discretization uncertainties using the γ−Reθ transition model combined with the shear stress transport (SST) k–ω turbulence model. For comparison, this work employs an available experimental study performed with a 6:1 prolate spheroid. The grid convergence index (GCI) study is performed for axial force, surface skin friction, and pressure coefficients with three levels of meshes. The transition model estimates the axial force coefficients (CX), approximately half of which are obtained using fully turbulent calculations with higher GCI values. The GCI values around the axial force coefficients for the level-2 mesh are less than 1% based on fully turbulent calculations. However, with the transition model, these values for the same mesh level increase to 10%. While the GCI values of surface pressure coefficients are very small based on both fully turbulent and transition model calculations, these coefficients show differences at the trailing part of the spheroid. Significant differences are also observed in the surface friction coefficients. While the model captures drastic changes in terms of transition in the surface friction coefficients at the suction side of the spheroid, such drastic change is not observed in fully turbulent calculations. On the other hand, there is no sign of any transition phenomenon at the pressure side, contrary to the observations of experimental measurements. The transition model is not able to estimate the transition front geometry correctly. The GCI values of the surface friction coefficients increase dramatically, up to 765% around the transition regions.
HAXPES spectra of GaAs measured by Cr Kα
Authors: Zborowski C. , Vanleenhove A. , Hoflijk I. , Vaesen I. , Artyushkova K. , Conard T.
Published: June 2022

Gallium arsenide (GaAs) was analyzed using high-resolution high-energy x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). The HAXPES spectra of GaAs obtained using monochromatic Cr Kα radiation at 5414.8 eV include two survey scans (Al Kα and Cr Kα) and high-resolution spectra of Ga 2s, Ga 2p3/2, Ga 3s, Ga 3p, Ga 3d, As 2s, As 2p3/2, As 3s, As 3p, and As 3d.
Toxoplasma gondii Infection Decreases Intestinal 5-Lipoxygenase Expression, while Exogenous LTB4Controls Parasite Growth
Authors: Araujo Ester Cristina Borges , Briceño Marisol Patricia Pallete , Cariaco Yusmaris , Oliveira Mário Cézar , Almeida Marcos Paulo Oliveira , de Miranda Natália Carnevalli , Silva Neide Maria
Published: June 2022

5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) is an enzyme required for the production of leukotrienes and lipoxins and interferes with parasitic infections.In vitro,Toxoplasma gondiiinhibits leukotriene B4(LTB4) production, and mice deficient in 5-LO are highly susceptible to infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the pharmacological inhibition of the 5-LO pathway and exogenous LTB4supplementation during experimental toxoplasmosis.
Structural Insight into Terminal Galactose Recognition by Two Non-HBGA Binding GI.3 Noroviruses
Authors: Wang Chenlong , Kang Huiling , Tan Ming , Cong Jingyuan , Su Dan , Li Xuemei , Chen Yutao
Published: June 2022

Human noroviruses (huNoVs) are the most important viral pathogens causing epidemic acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Previous studies indicated that histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are critical host-susceptibility factors affecting huNoV host susceptibility, host range, and probably prevalence.
Genomic Analyses Identify Manganese Homeostasis as a Driver of Group B Streptococcal Vaginal Colonization
Authors: Burcham Lindsey R. , Akbari Madeline S. , Alhajjar Norhan , Keogh Rebecca A. , Radin Jana N. , Kehl-Fie Thomas E. , Belew Ashton T. , El-Sayed Najib M. , McIver Kevin S. , Doran Kelly S.
Published: June 2022

Morbidity and mortality associated with GBS begin with colonization of the female reproductive tract (FRT). To date, our understanding of the factors required for GBS persistence in this environment remain limited.
Draft Genome Sequences of Eight Isolates of Beauveria bassiana of Neotropical Origin
Authors: Castro-Vásquez Ruth , Solano-González Stefany , Molina-Bravo Ramón , Montero-Astúa Mauricio
Published: June 2022

Beauveria bassiana
, a well-known entomopathogenic fungus, has a worldwide distribution; however, genomes of isolates from the Neotropical region are scarce. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of eight
B.
bassiana
isolates from Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, and Honduras.
Complete Genome Sequences of Three Listeria monocytogenes Strains from Microgreens Obtained with MinION and MiSeq Sequencing
Authors: Naushad Sohail , Mathews Amit , Duceppe Marc-Olivier , Kang Mingsong , Wang Lin Ru , Huang Hongsheng
Published: June 2022

Listeria monocytogenes
is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium which is an important foodborne bacterial pathogen for human worldwide with 20-30% mortality. Here, we report circular complete genome sequences of three
Listeria monocytogenes
strains isolated from the samples of microgreens in Canada.
Genome Sequence of
Salipaludibacillus
sp. Strain CUR1, Isolated from an Alkaline-Saline Lake in Rajasthan, India
Authors: Meena Dhankesh , Pandey Janmejay , Vasita Rajesh , Swaroop Shiv
Published: June 2022

We report the complete genome sequence of
Salipaludibacillus
sp. strain CUR1, which was isolated from Sambhar Lake (a soda lake) in Rajasthan, India. The whole-genome sequencing of this strain has been done to explore the industrially important hydrolytic and extracellular enzymes that can be active under high-salt and high-pH conditions.
Histone Acetylation Regulator Gcn5 Mediates Drug Resistance and Virulence of Candida glabrata
Authors: Yu Shuying , Paderu Padmaja , Lee Annie , Eirekat Sami , Healey Kelley , Chen Liang , Perlin David S. , Zhao Yanan
Published: June 2022

As an important and successful human pathogen,
Candida glabrata
is known for its swift adaptation and rapid acquisition of resistance to the most commonly used antifungal agents, resulting in therapeutic failure in clinical settings. Here, we describe that the histone acetyltransferase Gcn5 is a key factor in adapting to antifungal pressure and developing resistance in
C. glabrata
.
Trivalent NDV-HXP-S Vaccine Protects against Phylogenetically Distant SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in Mice
Authors: González-Domínguez Irene , Martínez Jose Luis , Slamanig Stefan , Lemus Nicholas , Liu Yonghong , Lai Tsoi Ying , Carreño Juan Manuel , Singh Gagandeep , Singh Gagandeep , Schotsaert Michael , Mena Ignacio , McCroskery Stephen , Coughlan Lynda , Krammer Florian , García-Sastre Adolfo , Palese Peter , Sun Weina
Published: June 2022

This manuscript describes an extended work on the Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-based vaccine focusing on multivalent formulations of NDV vectors expressing different prefusion-stabilized versions of the spike proteins of different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC). We demonstrate here that this low-cost NDV platform can be easily adapted to construct vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Supplemental Material: Geoheritage: Progress toward Preservationntitled Item
Authors: Clary Renee , al. et
Published: June 2022

 Table S1. Geoheritage video and Story Maps, aligned to the Next Generation Science Standards Earth and Space Science Disciplinary Core Ideas, with suggested free resources from SERC Carlton Teach the Earth Collection.  
Effect of electroacupuncture on symptoms of female pelvic organ prolapse (stage II–III) (EAPOP study): protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chen Huan , Liu Xiaoxu , Yan Yan , Shi Hangyu , Liu Zhishun
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is downward descent of pelvic organs, which causes symptoms of the lower genital, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts, and undermines women’s daily activities and quality of life. Although studies indicated that electroacupuncture (EA) may be effective in improving the POP symptoms, evidences were not robust. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture on relieving symptoms of a POP stage II and III among women.

Methods and analysis

A two-arm, multicentre, patient-blind RCT will be conducted to compare EA with sham electroacupuncture (SEA) for treating symptoms of POP stage II and III among women in six tertiary hospitals in China. One hundred and sixty eligible women will be assigned with a 1:1 ratio to have received either EA or SEA for 24 times in 12 weeks and followed-up for 24 weeks. The primary outcome will be the change on the total score of the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-short form 20 at week 12 from baseline, and will be analysed by t-test or multiple regression model. Intention-to-treat analysis will be performed for all outcomes, and a p value of less than 0.05 (two-sided testing) will be considered as statistical significance.

Ethics and dissemination

The study protocol has been approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of Guang’ammen Hospital (No. 2019-249-KY-01). Patients will be informed about the details of the study and asked to sign consent form before enrolment. The results of this study are expected to be written and published on peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

NCT04589715.
Effectiveness of mHealth/eHealth interventions on obesity treatment: a protocol for umbrella review of meta-analyses
Authors: Lei Xiang-Guo , Huang Zhongheng , Rashi Tamrakar , Yang Xi
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Mobile health (mHealth)/electronic health (eHealth) have the effect of facilitating weight loss in overweight and obese populations. However, studies have shown varied results and relatively high heterogeneity in the efficacy of mHealth/eHealth interventions. The aim of the paper was to systematically summarise published studies about the weight loss efficacy of mHealth/eHealth.

Methods and analysis

A comprehensive review of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases published from inception to 21 March 2021 will be conducted. The selected articles are meta-analyses that integrated the studies, which evaluated efficacy of mHealth/eHealth. Two people will select eligible articles and extract data independently. Any disputes will be resolved by discussion or the arbitration of a third person. The methodological quality of the included meta-analyses will be assessed with AMSTAR V.2 and the quality of evidence will be obtained with Grade of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). The study selection process will be presented using a flowchart. We will reanalyse each outcome with random effect methods. If possible, we will use funnel plot and Egger’s test to evaluate if publication bias existed.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required for the study, as we collected data only from available published materials. This umbrella review will also be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication after completion.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021247006.
COVID-19 in the context of pregnancy, infancy and parenting (CoCoPIP) study: protocol for a longitudinal study of parental mental health, social interactions, physical growth and cognitive development of infants during the pandemic
Authors: Aydin Ezra , Weiss Staci M , Glasgow Kevin A , Barlow Jane , Austin Topun , Johnson Mark H , Lloyd-Fox Sarah
Published: June 2022

Introduction

While the secondary impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological well-being of pregnant women and parents has become apparent over the past year, the impact of these changes on early social interactions, physical growth and cognitive development of their infants is unknown, as is the way in which a range of COVID-19-related changes have mediated this impact. This study (CoCoPIP) will investigate: (1) how parent’s experiences of the social, medical and financial changes during the pandemic have impacted prenatal and postnatal parental mental health and parent–infant social interaction; and (2) the extent to which these COVID-19-related changes in parental prenatal and postnatal mental health and social interaction are associated with fetal and infant development.

Methods and analysis

The CoCoPIP study is a national online survey initiated in July 2020. This ongoing study (n=1700 families currently enrolled as of 6 May 2021) involves both quantitative and qualitative data being collected across pregnancy and infancy. It is designed to identify the longitudinal impact of the pandemic from pregnancy to 2 years of age as assessed using a range of parent- and self-report measures, with the aim of identifying if stress-associated moderators (ie, loss of income, COVID-19 illness, access to ante/postnatal support) appear to impact parental mental health, and in turn, infant development. In addition, we aim to document individual differences in social and cognitive development in toddlers who were born during restrictions intended to mitigate COVID-19 spread (eg, social distancing, national lockdowns).

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was given by the University of Cambridge, Psychology Research Ethics Committee (PRE.2020.077). Findings will be made available via community engagement, public forums (eg, social media,) and to national (eg, NHS England) and local (Cambridge Universities Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust) healthcare partners. Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviews journals.
Examining power dynamics in global health governance using topic modeling and network analysis of Twitter data
Authors: Bermudez Gian Franco , Prah Jennifer J
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Despite increases in global health actors and funding levels, health inequities persist. We empirically tested whether global health governance (GHG) operates under the rational actor model (RAM) and characterised GHG power dynamics.

Design

We collected approximately 75 000 tweets of 20 key global health actors, between 2016 and 2020, using Twitter API. We generated priorities from tweets collected using topic modelling. Priorities from tweets were compared with stated priorities from content analyses of policy documents and with revealed priorities from network analyses of development assistance for health funding data. Comparing priorities derived from Twitter, policy documents and funding data, we can test whether GHG operates under RAM and characterise power dynamics in GHG.

Participants

20 global health actors were identified based on a consensus of three peer-reviewed articles mapping global health networks. All tweets of each actor were collected in 3-month intervals from November 2016 to May 2020. Policy documents and developmental assistance for health (DAH) financial data for each actor were collected for the same period.

Results

We find all 20 actors and the global health system collectively fulfil the three conditions of RAM based on stated and revealed priorities. We also find compulsory and institutional power asymmetries in GHG. Funding organisations have compulsory power over channels of DAH and implementing institutions they directly fund. Funding organisations also have transitive influence over implementing institutions receiving DAH funding.

Conclusions

We find that there is a correlation between the priorities of large funders and the priorities of health actors. This correlation in conjunction with GHG operating under the RAM and the asymmetric power held by funders raises issues. GHG under the RAM grants large funders majority of the power to determine global health priorities and ultimately influencing outcomes while implementing organisations, especially those that work closest with populations, have little to limited influence in priority-setting.