bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospects of millet crops cultivation for forage purposes in the non-black earth zone North-West area
Authors: Shkodina E P , Balun O V
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the issues of barnyard millet, Turkestan millet, foxtail millet, and proso millet cultivation in the Novgorod region conditions. In the three research years, positive results were obtained for all studied crops and varieties. Regarding climatic zone conditions, the duration of the period before harvesting ripeness, calendar harvest dates, and the level of the studied crops varieties herbage yield were identified. The herbage analysis for the content of crude protein, fiber, available energy, and feed units was conducted. It was established that the proso millet Sputnik and Regent varieties and foxtail millet Stepnoy Mayak variety ripen for seeds in the Novgorod region. The introduction of new crops in crop rotation will provide an opportunity to expand forage crops range and to strengthen the Non-Black Earth Zone forage base.
The current state of wood and shrubby vegetation in the parks of Novgorod region and measures for their conservation
Authors: Smirnov I A , Nikonov M V
Published: December 2020

Park art as an element of cultural heritage is of great importance for the Novgorod land. The article presents the results of a survey of parks in Novgorod region. An assessment was made using the vital condition index. Measures are proposed to improve the condition of tree-shrub species.
Breed affiliation features of honey bees (Apis mellifera) in the Novgorod region
Authors: Solovev V V
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the problem of biodiversity conservation, on the example of honey bees (Apis mellifera) in the Novgorod region of Russia. The work examines the local bees breed affiliation. The regional population of the Central Russian (Central European) breed has been indigenous to this territory. The author analyzes the natural conditions of the region in which it was formed and to which it is well adapted. Due to the anthropogenic factor and appearance of man-bred new breeds, the local population began to disappear, giving way to crossbred bees. The study finds out the breed genes prevailing in their modern population and whether the aboriginal Central Russian bees survived in the region. We indicate the morphometric breed features of the bees in the region, find the differences between the bees of various regions, analyze the reasons of these differences. It becomes obvious that pure-bred Central Russian bees practically did not survive. The bees of the Carpathian (Apis mellifera carpathica), Krainsky (Apis mellifera carnica) and local Central Russian (Apis mellifera mellifera) breed had the greatest influence on the formation of the modern honeybee population in the region. Unfortunately, this situation can be considered as an example of natural biodiversity reduction, which threatens local biocenoses, especially given the important role of honey bees in them.
Landscape approach to assessing recreational development of the Novgorod region
Authors: Stepanova A A , Druzhnova M P
Published: December 2020

The development of tourism in areas related to socio-economic semi-periphery and periphery is one of the important tasks of the integrated development of the region. Geographic research is needed to assess the potential of different areas. The article proposes a methodology and presents the experience of assessing the development of the territory of the Novgorod region from the point of view of the landscape approach. Based on the assessment, areas with varying levels of development are identified, an analysis of the transport accessibility and tourist attractiveness of each landscape is given, and promising types of recreational activities are proposed.
The effect of azotovit and phosphatovit on the yield of vetch oats
Authors: Tiranov A B , Tiranova L V
Published: December 2020

In the Novgorod region, the effectiveness of the integrated use of new microbiological preparations of Azotovit, Phosphatovit and mineral fertilizers has been investigated. The purpose of the experiment was to increase the yield of green mass of oatmeal mixture. Field experiment took place in 2017-2019 on sod-podzolic light loamy, clay-laden soil. Of the varieties recommended for cultivation in the North-West region, the following objects of research were used: spring vetch Lyudmila and oats of spring variety Borrus. Three methods of applying micronutrient fertilizers were tested: presowing treatment of seeds; foliar treatment in the phase of branching the wiki and tillering of oats; seed treatment presowing + foliar in the phase of branching the vetch and tillering of oats on two backgrounds of mineral nutrition - background 1 – N82P105К70 and background 2 – N41P53К35. The highest yield of green mass of oatmeal mixture (on average over 3 years) – 42.4 t/ha (6.8 t. units/ha) and digestible protein of 0.85 t/ha were obtained with a dose of mineral fertilizers per calculated yield N82P105K70 during seed treatment before sowing with microbiological fertilizers (Azotovit, Phosphotovit), as well as spraying the ground vegetative part of the vetch (in the branching phase) and oats (in the tillering phase). Doses: Azotovit –1.0 l/ha + Phosphotovit – 1.0 l/ha. At the same time, the energy intensity of production of one ton of feed units in this embodiment was 2.2 GJ. In addition, energy efficiency was 4.7 units, and the increase in soil energy potential was 15 GJ/ha.
Functional state of quail under the influence of probiotic
Authors: Topuria G M , Topuria L Yu , Fomina N V , Larionova S E , Sepiashvili E N , Fedotova E N
Published: December 2020

The authors conducted research on the effect of the olin probiotic on biochemical and indicators of the natural resistance of the quail of the Pharaoh breed. Changes in the morphological parameters of quail blood were noted (an increase in the number of red blood cells by 5.12-5.76% was observed in the blood, an increase in the amount of hemoglobin was also noted). No changes in the numbers of leukocytes and platelets were detected. The strengthening of humoral factors of natural resistance was facilitated by the introduction of a probiotic in the quail diet (lysozyme activity of blood serum was higher than the control values by 12.72%, bactericidal activity - by 7.27%). When analyzing the results of the studies, it was noted that the indicators of cellular immunity increased, a significant number of indicators significantly increased in the blood serum of quail from the experimental groups. Indicators such as poultry safety increased by 4.00-5.05%. The conducted studies convincingly proved the pronounced positive effect of olin on the functional state of the quail organism.
The Features of the Yield Formation for Spring Rapeseed Herbage of Different Varieties in the Conditions of Non-Chernozem Zone
Authors: Toshkina E A
Published: December 2020

The herbage of rapeseed is a valuable feed with a high protein content, as in legumes. It is widely used in the green conveyor system, as a silage crop and for grazing when regrowing after mowing. In many countries with developed agriculture, there is a tendency to increase the area occupied by rapeseed. The correct selection of spring rapeseed varieties is crucial for their successful cultivation. According to the results of our research, the Oredezh 4 rapeseed variety showed itself to be fast-growing, and its mowing ripeness came on the 37th day. A higher yield compared to other varieties on average for two years of research provided a variety of spring rapeseed Oredezh 2.
Yield of green mass and seeds in promising varieties of rape at summer sowing method in conditions of Novgorod region
Authors: Toshkina E A , Osipova M V
Published: December 2020

The article studies promising varieties of spring rape and makes an agrobiological assessment of them in conditions of summer sowing in Novgorod region on the example of the varieties Oredezh 1, Oredezh 2 and Oredezh 4. We indicate the varieties with the biggest yield of green mass and seeds, as well as having an advantage in a number of other economically valuable traits, relevant and significant for agricultural production. Features of rape in compositions with two varieties of vetch sown for green mass were studied for the first time. The most optimal composition for highest green mass yield and the best sowing season are established. The varieties of rape giving the biggest yield are identified.
Some problems of improving engineering and technical support for crop production
Authors: Tyukalov Yu A , Danilova T A , Arkhipov M V , Balun O V
Published: December 2020

In the article the results of a statistical analysis of the effectiveness of using modern technical equipment in crop production are presented. The analysis of data of Federal State Statistics Service on the technical condition of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation (APK RF) and agricultural organizations of the regions and republics of North-Western Federal District (SZFO) indicates that, against the background of an increase in the power support for labor in agriculture, a constant decrease in its energy supply with appropriate technical equipment is observed. An increase in quality of crop products is largely determined not only by the agricultural technologies used, but also by domestic technical resources that are in service in the agricultural sector of the Russian Federation and whose quality parameters and after-sale service need to be cardinally improved.
Creation of specially protected natural territories as a factor of sustainable development of the territory
Authors: Vasilieva G V
Published: December 2020

The article considers the issues of a comprehensive environmental survey of a territory promising for the creation of a regional nature monument “Batutinka River Valley and Lowland Marshes in its Basin”. Giving the territory the status of specially protected natural territory (SPNT) will make it possible to carry out measures for its protection, conduct research and environmental monitoring, as well as prevent unauthorized use of natural resources. The rationale for the concept is due to the presence of rare and endangered species of plants, mushrooms and animals (at least 23 objects of flora and fauna listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, Red Book of the Novgorod Region) and their places of growth (habitat). The profile of SPNT can be assessed as integrated (landscape), designed to preserve and restore natural landscapes; hydrological, designed to preserve and restore valuable water bodies and ecological systems, especially swamp massifs; biological, designed to preserve and restore rare and endangered species. Obviously, the listed groups of objects are diverse, interconnected, large-scale, have independent value, but their combined value is higher. They are components of a single natural-territorial complex, the preservation of which requires a systematic approach.
Statistical methods in food recipes design
Authors: Voblikova T V , Sadovoy V V , Morgunova A V , Shchedrina T V , Semenova Yu O
Published: December 2020

A methodology based on statistical methods for optimizing multicomponent compositions is applied for meat product recipes design. Using raw materials of animal and plant origin, virtual arrays of input variables (raw materials) are developed and chemical (protein, fat), mineral and vitamin compositions are calculated for each data array. The calculation of balance and rationality of the amino acid composition in the feedstock is established by clustering method. As a result, the recipe of cooked sausage based on raw materials of plant and animal origin is developed. The optimal recipe for the developed meat product has a high utilitarian coefficient (0.856), the amino acid rate of the limiting amino acid is 0.87. The manufactured prototype is distinguished by high organoleptic characteristics (average organoleptic indicator – 4.8 points). The finished product yield to the unsalted raw materials mass is equal to 120.3%.
Agricultural products moisture content measurement error estimation with the use of a four-element capacitive sensor model
Authors: Vorotnikov I N , Mishukov S V , Danchenko I V , Masyutina G V
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the consideration of agricultural products moisture content measurement error estimation with the use of a four-element capacitive sensor model by means of the authors’ method for multi-element bipoles parameters determining. The results of the specified method mathematical modeling and experimental investigations, which confirm measurement accuracy increasing by reducing the resultant method error in comparison with known methods, are presented in the article.
Using ROC-curves to illustrate the use of GLM-models in environmental activity analysis
Authors: Zakharov K V , Somova Yu V , Sychugov D P , Sviridova T V , Nekerov E A , Aryukhin O V
Published: December 2020

Generalized linear models (GLM-models) are used to assess the effectiveness of environmental protection in Moscow. As the object of research, we selected projects of economic activity in natural and green areas in Moscow. The effectiveness of environmental protection work was considered as a dependent variable, and the nature of economic activity, environmental protection status, the work of social activists and environmental protection structures, as well as biotopic characteristics of the territory were considered as independent predictors. To assess the quality of the obtained models, ROC-curves were constructed. In accordance with the results obtained, the best model includes three predictors - active environmental protection work by the public and officials, and forest vegetation.
Assessment of organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of a semi-finished minced meat-containing product
Authors: Zinina O V , Merenkova S P , Okuskhanova E K , Karapetyan I G , Ponomarev E E , Kulikov D A
Published: December 2020

The demand for semi-finished meat products has a steady upward trend, and therefore the development of new types of semi-finished products is relevant. The purpose of the research is to assess the organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of a semi-finished product made of poultry meat and plant raw materials. The results of the organoleptic analysis showed that the samples were highly appreciated by the tasters. Physico-chemical indicators of semi-finished products meet the requirements of GOST 32951-2014 Semi-finished meat and meat-containing products. Thus, the conducted studies of organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators of semi-finished products showed the possibility of their implementation.
Optimization of the composition of minced meat semi-finished products
Authors: Zinina O V , Gavrilova K S , Vaiscrobova E S , Khayrullin M F , Bychkova T S , Tsoi L A
Published: December 2020

To achieve a balanced composition of the product in terms of nutritive value, many researchers recommend combining meat raw materials with vegetable components. The paper presents a technique to optimize the formulation of minced meat semi-finished products developed by mathematical modeling. The main components of semi-finished products are broiler chicken meat, egg melange, and onion, protein-fat emulsion made of chickpea flour, sunflower oil and water. Optimization was aimed at obtaining the ratio of the components to meet the requirements established for nutritive values. At the same time, the recommended amount of vitamin and mineral for adults and the requirements of normative documentation for the quality of semi-finished meat products were taken into account. The target function was the protein content to obtain its maximum value. The optimized formulation obtained was used to make samples of meat semi-finished products, and sensory indicators were evaluated. The results showed that addition of chickpea flour affected the product color. Thus, we can conclude that mathematical modeling is an efficient tool to fabricate a product with desired properties. A combination of raw materials of vegetable and animal origin allows development of nutritionally balanced formulation.
Heavy metals absorption by excessive activated sludge of biological treatment facilities
Authors: Zykova I V , Isakov V A
Published: December 2020

The study was conducted at the biological treatment facilities of Veliky Novgorod. It has been established that the main percentage of metals is contained in the organic component of the conditionally solid phase of excess activated sludge. Based on the study of the elemental composition of the excess activated sludge, it is concluded that organic compounds containing aromatic, aliphatic and amine-containing functional groups are very diverse in the excess activated sludge. Main classes of substances making up the excess activated sludge are established. The mass fractions of the main classes of organic compounds established by the rational method are in good agreement with the analysis of the main classes of organic compounds that make up the excess activated sludge of biological treatment plants. The main compounds making up the inorganic component of the conditionally solid phase of excess activated sludge are determined. The study reveals a large variety of both organic and inorganic compounds in the excess activated sludge, which are able to bind heavy metal ions from aqueous medium due to physical and chemical interactions.
Phytoremediation as a method for cleaning sludge beds of biological treatment plants from heavy metals
Authors: Zykova I V , Isakov V A
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study is to select a phytoremediation plant for cleaning sludge beds of biological treatment plants from heavy metals. The study was conducted on sludge beds of biological treatment facilities of Veliky Novgorod with a sludge retention time of 1 year and 15 years. It is established that the forms of metals in the sludges and wastewater sludge depend on the nature of the metal. Manganese (II) predominantly binds to compounds that make up sludge and wastewater sludge by the ion exchange mechanism, copper (II) – by the complex formation mechanism, zinc (II) – is codeposited with calcium and magnesium carbonates, manganese (IV) and iron hydroxides (III). Six selected plants were analyzed (bedstraw, cow vetch, field daisy, silverweed cinquefoil, base vervain, winter cress), those growing on sludge beds with a sludge retention time of 15 years, for the content of copper (II), zinc (II) and manganese (II) in different parts of plants. The phytoremediation plant was selected according to the indicators of the coefficient of biological accumulation (coefficient of biological accumulation) and translocation factor. It has been established that the bedstraw can be called a universal phytoremediation plant, in the absence of significant sludge contamination with copper (II), it is most preferable to use base vervain. Selected phytoremediation plants can be used for artificial planting on sludge beds in order to further use these beds as fertile lands.
Study of the adsorption of heavy metal ions from binary and multicomponent solutions by ceramic chips
Authors: Zykova I V , Isakov V A
Published: December 2020

The adsorption of heavy metal ions from binary solutions was studied using Co (II) as an example in the concentration range from 1 to 50 mg/dm3 and the adsorption of heavy metal ions from multicomponent solutions using Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II) by fractions of ceramic chips of 0.5-1.0 mm and 1.0-2.0 mm. It was established that the value of the ultimate saturation of Co (II) ions with ceramic chips depends on the pH value. The maximum value of the ultimate saturation for Co (II) ions is reached at pH = 9, the smallest – at pH = 3. An increase in temperature from 273 to 353 K leads to an increase in the ultimate saturation for Co (II) ions. Experimental data on the sorption of metal ions from multicomponent solutions show that the rate of achievement of the ultimate saturation of the sorbent in a metal depends on the value of the ionic radius. The ultimate saturation limit for a metal at the same concentration of metals and the presence of other metals is greatest for Cu (II), the smallest for Co (II). The results of the study indicate the high efficiency of ceramic chips as a sorbent of heavy metal ions from wastewater of various industries, which indicates the possibility of practical use of ceramic chips for wastewater treatment from heavy metals, especially taking into account the availability and the possibility of using it without regeneration with recycling in production pigments.
Study of phenols and petrochemicals adsorption from model solutions using various sorbents
Authors: Zykova I V , Isakov V A
Published: December 2020

The article studies petrochemicals and phenols adsorption in static and dynamic conditions from model petrochemical solutions. It was established that the adsorption of resorcinol occurs in micropores by volumetric filling, this process is best described by the Dubinin-Astakhov equation. The adsorption of petrochemicals occurs on the sorbent surface, forming a monolayer, this process is best described by the Langmuir equation. Based on the kinetic curves of petrochemicals and resorcinol adsorption, DEC (dynamic exchange capacity) and FDEC (full dynamic exchange capacity) have been calculated for activated carbons and fibrous sorption material. Using the Shilov equation, kinetic constants of the adsorption dynamics for resorcinol and petrochemicals on various sorbents are calculated. The study proved the promising use of sorbents for wastewater treatment of various industries.
Green synthesis of CuO NPs, characterization and their toxicity potential against HepG2 cells
Authors: Liu Yu , Zeng Zheng , Jiang Ou , Li YiXian , Xu Qiang , Jiang LiJun , Yu Jing , Xu Dexiao
Published: December 2020

In this study, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were green synthesized using the leaf extract of Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.). Various characterization techniques such as Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Ultraviolet Visible (UV–vis) Spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy were utilized to study the formation of CuO NPs. DLS and TEM analysis revealed the formation of sphere-shaped CuO NPs with mean particle size of 56 nm. Additionally, the prepared CuO NPs were incubated with Hepatic (HepG2) cells to check their cel viability and evaluate the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results of the current work exhibited a concentration-dependent decline in the viability of HepG2 cells with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 75 μg ml−1. The cytotoxic effect of CuO NPs was responsible for the cell apoptosis as well as ROS induction in the HepG2 cells. Further, the prepared CuO NPs could act as possible chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in future.
N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Longitudinal Risk of Hypertension
Authors: Nicoli Charles D , Plante Timothy B , Long D Leann , Judd Suzanne E , McClure Leslie A , Arora Pankaj , Cushman Mary
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Hypertension is a common condition that increases risk for future cardiovascular disease. N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is higher in individuals with hypertension, but studies of its association with hypertension risk have been mixed.

METHODS

The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study enrolled 30,239 U.S. Black or White adults aged ≥45 years from 2003 to 2007. A subcohort included 4,400 participants who completed a second assessment in 2013–2016. NT-proBNP was measured by immunoassay in 1,323 participants without baseline hypertension, defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 or self-reported antihypertensive prescriptions. Two robust Poisson regression models assessed hypertension risk, yielding incidence rate ratios (IRRs): Model 1 included behavioral and demographic covariates and Model 2 added risk factors. A sensitivity analysis using a less conservative definition of hypertension (blood pressure ≥130/80 or self-reported antihypertensive prescriptions) was conducted.

RESULTS

Four hundred and sixty-six participants developed hypertension after mean follow-up of 9.4 years. NT-proBNP was not associated with hypertension (Model 2 IRR per SD log NT-proBNP 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.92–1.12), with no differences by sex, body mass index, age, or race. Similar findings were seen in lower-threshold sensitivity analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

NT-proBNP was not associated with incident hypertension in REGARDS; this did not differ by race or sex.
To crush or not to crush: A brief review of novel tablets and capsules prepared from nanocrystal and amorphous solid dispersion technologies
Authors: Uttaro Elizabeth , Pudipeddi Madhu , Schweighardt Anne , Zhao Fang
Published: December 2020

Purpose

To educate healthcare professionals regarding the risks of manipulating drug products formulated via nanocrystal or amorphous solid dispersion technologies.

Recent pharmaceutics innovations such as nanocrystals and amorphous solid dispersions have been used successfully to improve oral bioavailability of drugs. Over 30 drug products based on these technologies have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, and more are in the development pipeline. While these products are similar in appearance to traditional tablets or capsules, they should not be crushed or suspended in liquid vehicles. Such manipulations can compromise the integrity of the formulation and subsequently alter the oral bioavailability. It is alarming that the majority of these products are not included in the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) “Do Not Crush” list. A summary drug table is presented in this article to provide accurate information for pharmacists and other healthcare providers.

Conclusion

Novel formulations of tablets and capsules are being used to increase the oral bioavailability of certain drugs. Crushing these products can significantly alter product performance and clinical outcomes. We encourage ISMP to add these drug products to the Do Not Crush list due to wide use of this list throughout healthcare. In the meantime, pharmacists should be mindful of the new formulation technologies and advocate for the proper use of these drug products.
Stability of Subjective Executive Functioning in Older Adults with aMCI and Subjective Cognitive Decline
Authors: Carmasin Jeremy S , Roth Robert M , Rabin Laura A , Englert Jessica J , Flashman Laura A , Saykin Andrew J
Published: December 2020

Objective

Subjective memory concerns are characteristic of individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD), though subjective changes in executive functions have also been reported. In a cohort study, we examined the temporal stability of subjective report of executive functioning in a high education (mean = 16.8 years) sample of cognitively normal (CN) older adults and those with aMCI or SCD.

Method

Participants (CN, n = 22; aMCI, n = 21; SCD, n = 24) and their informants completed the BRIEF-A and neuropsychological tests at two time points separated by approximately 1 year.

Results

Analyses focused on those with diagnostic stability (95.7%). Participants with aMCI and SCD, and their informants, endorsed worse executive functions relative to CN at both time points. No group by time interaction was observed for subjective or objective measures of executive function.

Conclusions

Diagnostically stable CN older adults, and those with prodromal dementia conditions, report stable executive functioning at 1-year follow-up.
Virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation study of plant-derived compounds to identify potential inhibitors of main protease from SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Mahmud Shafi , Uddin Mohammad Abu Raihan , Paul Gobindo Kumar , Shimu Mst Sharmin Sultana , Islam Saiful , Rahman Ekhtiar , Islam Ariful , Islam Md Samiul , Promi Maria Meha , Emran Talha Bin , Saleh Md Abu
Published: December 2020

The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) halts the world economy and caused unbearable medical emergency due to high transmission rate and also no effective vaccine and drugs has been developed which brought the world pandemic situations. The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 may act as an effective target for drug development due to the conservation level. Herein, we have employed a rigorous literature review pipeline to enlist 3063 compounds from more than 200 plants from the Asian region. Therefore, the virtual screening procedure helps us to shortlist the total compounds into 19 based on their better binding energy. Moreover, the Prime MM-GBSA procedure screened the compound dataset further where curcumin, gartanin and robinetin had a score of (−59.439, −52.421 and − 47.544) kcal/mol, respectively. The top three ligands based on binding energy and MM-GBSA scores have most of the binding in the catalytic groove Cys145, His41, Met165, required for the target protein inhibition. The molecular dynamics simulation study confirms the docked complex rigidity and stability by exploring root mean square deviations, root mean square fluctuations, solvent accessible surface area, radius of gyration and hydrogen bond analysis from simulation trajectories. The post-molecular dynamics analysis also confirms the interactions of the curcumin, gartanin and robinetin in the similar binding pockets. Our computational drug designing approach may contribute to the development of drugs against SARS-CoV-2.
Synergistic action of estradiol and PGE2 on endometrial transcriptome in vivo resembles pregnancy effects better than estradiol alone†
Authors: Kaczynski Piotr , Bauersachs Stefan , Goryszewska Ewelina , Baryla Monika , Waclawik Agnieszka
Published: December 2020

Successful pregnancy establishment in mammals depends on numerous interactions between embryos and the maternal organism. Estradiol-17β (E2) is the primary embryonic signal in the pig, and its importance has been questioned recently. However, E2 is not the only molecule of embryonic origin. In pigs, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is abundantly synthesized and secreted by conceptuses and endometrium. The present study aimed to determine the role of PGE2 and its simultaneous action with E2 in changes in porcine endometrial transcriptome during pregnancy establishment. The effects of PGE2 and PGE2 acting with E2 were studied using an in vivo model of intrauterine hormone infusions, and were compared to the effects of E2 alone and conceptuses’ presence on day 12 of pregnancy. The endometrial transcriptome was profiled using gene expression microarrays followed by statistical analyses. Downstream analyses were performed using bioinformatics tools. Differential expression of selected genes was verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Microarray analysis revealed 2413 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the endometrium treated simultaneously with PGE2 and E2 (P < 0.01). No significant effect of PGE2 administered alone on endometrial transcriptome was detected. Gene ontology annotations enriched for DEGs were related to multiple processes such as: focal adhesion, vascularization, cell migration and proliferation, glucose metabolism, tissue remodeling, and activation of immune response. Simultaneous administration of E2 and PGE2 induced more changes within endometrial transcriptome characteristic to pregnancy than infusion of E2 alone. The present findings suggest that synergistic action of estradiol-17β and PGE2 resembles the effects of pregnancy on endometrial transcriptome better than E2 alone.
Developmental programming of the female reproductive system—a review
Authors: Yao Sijia , Lopez-Tello Jorge , Sferruzzi-Perri Amanda N
Published: December 2020

Exposures to adverse conditions in utero can lead to permanent changes in the structure and function of key physiological systems in the developing fetus, increasing the risk of disease and premature aging in later postnatal life. When considering the systems that could be affected by an adverse gestational environment, the reproductive system of developing female offspring may be particularly important, as changes have the potential to alter both reproductive capacity of the first generation, as well as health of the second generation through changes in the oocyte. The aim of this review is to examine the impact of different adverse intrauterine conditions on the reproductive system of the female offspring. It focuses on the effects of exposure to maternal undernutrition, overnutrition/obesity, hypoxia, smoking, steroid excess, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and pollutants during gestation and draws on data from human and animal studies to illuminate underlying mechanisms. The available data indeed indicate that adverse gestational environments alter the reproductive physiology of female offspring with consequences for future reproductive capacity. These alterations are mediated via programmed changes in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and the structure and function of reproductive tissues, particularly the ovaries. Reproductive programming may be observed as a change in the timing of puberty onset and menopause/reproductive decline, altered menstrual/estrous cycles, polycystic ovaries, and elevated risk of reproductive tissue cancers. These reproductive outcomes can affect the fertility and fecundity of the female offspring; however, further work is needed to better define the possible impact of these programmed changes on subsequent generations.
Trends in US Outpatient Antibiotic Prescriptions During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: King Laura M , Lovegrove Maribeth C , Shehab Nadine , Tsay Sharon , Budnitz Daniel S , Geller Andrew I , Lind Jennifer N , Roberts Rebecca M , Hicks Lauri A , Kabbani Sarah
Published: December 2020

Background

The objective of our study was to describe trends in US outpatient antibiotic prescriptions from January through May 2020 and compare with trends in previous years (2017–2019).

Methods

We used data from the IQVIA Total Patient Tracker to estimate the monthly number of patients dispensed antibiotic prescriptions from retail pharmacies from January 2017 through May 2020. We averaged estimates from 2017 through 2019 and defined expected seasonal change as the average percent change from January to May 2017–2019. We calculated percentage point and volume changes in the number of patients dispensed antibiotics from January to May 2020 exceeding expected seasonal changes. We also calculated average percent change in number of patients dispensed antibiotics per month in 2017–2019 versus 2020. Data were analyzed overall and by agent, class, patient age, state, and prescriber specialty.

Results

From January to May 2020, the number of patients dispensed antibiotic prescriptions decreased from 20.3 to 9.9 million, exceeding seasonally expected decreases by 33 percentage points and 6.6 million patients. The largest changes in 2017–2019 versus 2020 were observed in April (–39%) and May (–42%). The number of patients dispensed azithromycin increased from February to March 2020 then decreased. Overall, beyond-expected decreases were greatest among children (≤19 years) and agents used for respiratory infections, dentistry, and surgical prophylaxis.

Conclusions

From January 2020 to May 2020, the number of outpatients with antibiotic prescriptions decreased substantially more than would be expected because of seasonal trends alone, possibly related to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and associated mitigation measures.
Efficient Algorithms For Storage Load Balancing Of Outsourced Data In Blockchain Network
Authors: Liu Tonglai , Wu Jigang , Li Jiaxing , Li Jingyi , Zhang Zikai
Published: December 2020

Decentralized storage of data is one of the typical applications in the blockchain network. However, most of the existing works neglected the storage balancing problem in the blockchain network, which has an immediate impact on the availability and stability of the network. Therefore, this paper proposes a storage balancing problem for non-local data storage in the blockchain network and proves that the problem is non-deterministic polynomial (NP)-hard. The criterion of the storage balance is established by a balanced coefficient in the proposed scheme. A heuristic matching algorithm (HMA), a genetic algorithm (GA) and a tabu search algorithm (TSA) are customized to solve the problem of imbalanced storage formalized in this paper. Compared with our previous algorithm fast matching algorithm (FMA), experimental results demonstrate that HMA achieves better performance in terms of accuracy, computation overhead and storage overhead. Specifically, the computation overhead of HMA is lower than that of FMA by 84.45% on average, whereas the storage overhead of HMA is lower than that of FMA by 32.26% on average. By using the initial solution of HMA, TSA achieves the highest accuracy among GA, TSA and moth-flame optimization (MFO). Meanwhile, by using the initial solution of FMA, TSA achieves the highest accuracy among GA, TSA and MFO.
Isotype-specific Antibody Responses to Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis Antigens Are Associated With the Use of Biologic Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: van der Sloot Kimberley W J , Voskuil Michiel D , Blokzijl Tjasso , Dinkla Annemieke , Ravesloot Lars , Visschedijk Marijn C , van Dullemen Hendrik M , Festen Eleonora A M , Alizadeh Behrooz Z , van Leer-Buter Coretta , Weersma Rinse K , van Goor Harry , Koets Ad P , Dijkstra Gerard
Published: December 2020

Background

The role of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis [MAP] in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], especially Crohn’s disease [CD] is controversial due conflicting results and lack of reproducibility and standardised tests. The current study focuses on the role of MAP in disease progression and genetic susceptibility, as MAP is likely one of many factors involved in the complex pathogenesis of IBD, potentially affecting a subgroup depending on genetic susceptibility.

Methods

Serum from 812 patients was evaluated with seven immunoglobulin [Ig] isotype-specific serology tests assessing humoral response to three different MAP antigens. For each of these in total 21 tests, the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients were used to evaluate test accuracy. Reliable assays were subsequently analysed in relation to disease characteristics and need for biologic therapy/surgery. Genome-wide genotyping was available for all participants. Genetic determinants of humoral response to MAP antigens were evaluated using genome-wide association analysis and polygenic risk scores [PRS].

Results

High IgA or IgM response to MAP2609 was associated with increased use of biologic therapy in CD and ulcerative colitis [UC] [odds ratios 2.69; 95% confidence interval 1.44–5.01; and 2.60, 1.46–4.64, respectively]. No associations were seen for risk of surgery [p-values > 0.29]. We could not identify genetic determinants nor polygenic risk scores for MAP response with genome-wide significance.

Conclusions

Extensive assays for serological response to MAP were evaluated using stringent criteria for reliability. Increased IgA and IgM response to MAP antigens was seen in patients exposed to biologic therapy, but no genetic determinants underlying this humoral response were found.
Effects of Natural Habitat Loss and Edge Effects on Wild Bees and Pollination Services in Remnant Prairies
Authors: Olynyk Marika , Westwood A Richard , Koper Nicola
Published: December 2020

Habitat loss and edge effects resulting from habitat fragmentation are key processes implicated in the decline of bee populations globally. Their effects on wild bees and their pollination services in natural ecosystems are poorly understood, particularly in North American prairies. Our objectives were to determine whether natural habitat loss and edge effects affect bee abundance and pollination services in the Northern Great Plains. We sampled bee abundance and pollination services along transects beginning at road or tree edges in grasslands located in Manitoba, Canada. We measured bee abundance using pan traps, and pollination services using seed-set of Brassica rapa (L.) (Brassicales: Brassicaceae) phytometers. We collected local-scale habitat data by measuring occurrence of flowering species, vegetation type, and vegetation structure, and we measured habitat amount at 1-km radii using GIS analysis of landscape cover. Increasing amounts of habitat loss resulted in declines in bee abundance, and sometimes in pollination services. Results varied with bee life-history: proximity to road edges negatively affected social bees, and litter depth had negative effects on below- ground-nesting bees. Surprisingly, few effects on bees led to corresponding impacts on pollination services. This suggests that conservation of intact natural habitat across the northern Great Plains is important for maintaining resilient and diverse bee communities, but that efforts to conserve bee populations cannot be assumed to also maintain all associated pollination services.
Cerebral oximetry and preventing neurological complication post-cardiac surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Semrau Joanna S. , Motamed Mehras , Ross-White Amanda , Boyd J. Gordon
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVES

This systematic review aims to provide an up-to-date summary of the current literature examining the relationship between intraoperative regional cerebral oxygen saturation and neurological complications after cardiac surgery.

METHODS

Observational and interventional studies investigating the link between regional cerebral oxygen saturation and postoperative delirium, cognitive dysfunction and stroke were included. After database searching and study screening, study characteristics and major findings were extracted.

RESULTS

Twenty-seven studies were identified. Of the observational studies (n = 17), 8 reported that regional cerebral oxygen desaturations were significantly associated with neurological complications after cardiac surgery. Of the interventional studies (n = 10), 3 provided evidence for monitoring cerebral oximetry during cardiac surgery as a means of reducing incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction or stroke. There was significant heterogeneity in the tools and rigor used to diagnose neurological complications.

CONCLUSIONS

Studies to date show an inconsistent relationship between regional cerebral oxygen saturation and neurological outcomes after cardiac surgery, and lack of clear benefit of targeting cerebral oximetry to minimize neurological complications. Standardized assessments, definitions of impairment and desaturation thresholds will help determine the benefits of cerebral oximetry monitoring during cardiac surgery.
COVID-19 and paediatric patient involvement (cardiovascular aspects)
Authors: Müller Jan , Oberhoffer Renate , Brudy Leon , Ewert and Peter
Published: December 2020

The majority of children with COVID-19 infections, fortunately, shows only milder symptoms. Which however has led that they are considered only for their particular transmission potential. Nevertheless, cases with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Kawasaki Disease with quite specific COVID-19 involvement have been reported and should be taken seriously. In addition, there are many children with a chronic pre-existing condition such as congenital heart disease, cancer, or lung disease who may be at risk for a severe course of COVID-19 when infected. Protecting these children, and children in general, should be a top priority, as these patients will have to live the rest of their long lives with possible sequelae of COVID-19.
COVID-19: patients with stroke or risk of stroke
Authors: Diener Hans-Christoph , Berlit Peter , Masjuan Jaime
Published: December 2020

In the context of COVID-19 infection, 0.5–2% of affected patients will suffer a stroke. The strokes are usually severe with an unfavourable prognosis. Most patients suffer from occlusion of the large brain-supplying arteries caused by the COVID-19 induced coagulation disorders. In the context of COVID-19 infection, there has been a dramatic temporary decrease in the number of stroke patients treated in stroke units.
Relationship between procedural volume and complication rates for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tonchev Ivaylo R , Nam Michael Chi Yuan , Gorelik Alexandra , Kumar Saurabh , Haqqani Haris , Sanders Prashanthan , Kistler Peter M , Kalman Jonathan M
Published: December 2020

Aims

There are conflicting data as to the impact of procedural volume on outcomes with specific reference to the incidence of major complications after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Questions regarding minimum volume requirements and whether these should be per centre or per operator remain unclear. Studies have reported divergent results. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting the relationship between either operator or hospital atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation volumes and incidence of complications.

Methods and results

Databases were searched for studies describing the relationship between operator or hospital AF ablation volumes and incidence of complications which were published prior to 12 June 2020. Of 1593 articles identified, 14 (315 120 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. Almost two-thirds of the procedures were performed in low-volume centres. Both hospital volume of ≥50 and ≥100 procedures/year were associated with a significantly lower incidence of complications compared to <50/year (4.2% vs. 5.5%, OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.50–0.66, P < 0.001) or <100/year (5.5% vs. 6.2%, OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.53–0.73, P < 0.001), respectively. Hospitals performing ≥50 procedures/year demonstrated significantly lower mortality compared with those performing <50 procedures/year (0.16% vs. 0.55%, OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.26–0.43, P < 0.001). A similar relationship existed between proceduralist volume of <50/year and incidence of complications [3.75% vs. 12.73%, P < 0.001; OR = 0.27 (0.23–0.32)].

Conclusion

There is an inverse relationship between both hospital and proceduralist AF ablation volume and the incidence of complications. Implementation of minimum hospital and operator AF ablation volume standards should be considered in the context of a broader strategy to identify AF ablation Centers of Excellence.
Modulation of seismic noise near the San Jacinto fault in southern California: origin and observations of the cyclical time dependence and associated crustal properties
Authors: Martynov Vladislav G , Astiz Luciana , Kilb Debi , Vernon Frank L
Published: December 2020

We examine the cyclic amplitude variation of seismic noise recorded by continuous three-component broad-band seismic data with durations spanning 91–713 d (2008–2011) from three different networks: Anza seismic network, IDA network and the transportable seismic array. These stations surround the San Jacinto Fault Zone (SJFZ) in southern California. We find the seismic noise amplitudes exhibit a cyclical variation between 0.3 and 7.2 Hz. The high-frequency (≥0.9 Hz) noise variations can be linked to human activity and are not a concern. Our primary interest is signals in the low frequencies (0.3–0.9 Hz), where the seismic noise is modulated by semi-diurnal tidal mode M2. These long-period (low-frequency) variations of seismic noise can be attributed to a temporal change of the ocean waves breaking at the shoreline, driven by ocean tidal loading. We focus on the M2 variation of seismic noise at f = 0.6 Hz, travelling distances of ∼92 km through the crust from offshore California to the inland Anza, California, region. Relative to the shoreline station, data from the inland stations show a phase lag of ∼ –12°, which we attribute to the cyclic change in M2 that can alter crustal seismic attenuation. We also find that for mode M2 at 0.6 Hz, the amplitude variations of the seismic quality factor (Q) depend on azimuth and varies from 0.22 per cent (southeast to northwest) to 1.28 per cent (northeast to southwest) with Q = 25 for Rayleigh waves. We propose the direction dependence of the Q variation at 0.6 Hz reflects the preferred orientation of subfaults parallel to the main faulting defined by the primarily N45°W strike of the SJFZ.