MORPHOLOGY OF LANDSCAPES AND GEOPHIZICAL INDICATORS OF ECOSYSTEM OF THE KHMELNYTSKE PRYDNISTERIA
Authors: Cherniuk Hanna , KASIIANYK Ihor , MATVIYCHUK Borys , MATUZ Olha 
Published: November 2022

The aim. Geochemical indicators are used to assess the anthropogenic impact on landscapes. Normality geophysical indicators are used much less, although since ancient times scientists have proposed indicators of heat and water balances, the ratio of energy losses to evaporation and heat exchange, hydrothermal coefficients of heat and moisture to characterize natural areas and smaller natural complexes.

Methodology. The analysis of published and cartographic materials, landscape schemes and maps of physical and geographical zoning and field route observations made it possible to identify the morphological structure of landscapes in the territory of Khmelnytske Prydnistrovia. Data on geophysical parameters of the zonal types of plains landscapes are systematized. The parameters for the assess of anthropogenic impacts are suggested for the landscapes species.

Results. The article contains tables of the landscape structure by the ratio of the areas of certain types of areas and agroclimatic indicators for 4th natural regions of the Khmelnytske Prydnistrovia, geophysical and biogeophysical indicators for landscape zones and subzones. For the Gorodoksky, Ushitsky, Toltrovy and Zhvanchitsky natural regions, indicators of the ratio of heat and moisture were determined with an increase in the sum of temperatures of the active growing season from 2500 ° C to 2780 ° C in the Dniester valley, a decrease in the GTC from north to south from 1.5 to 1.2 and variations in the moisture coefficient in range typical for the southern forest-steppe (0.8-0.7). The duration of the frost-free period increases from 160 days in the Gorodok area to 178 days in the Dniester valley on average over a hundred years of observations.

Originality and practical value. All indicators are a normative basis for comparison with the corresponding data in modern landscape complexes that have been changed or transformed by economic activities. For different types of active surfaces (water, meadow, field, and forest tracts), the albedo, absorbed radiation, the ratio of energy expenditure on evaporation, and turbulent heat exchange with the atmosphere are given.

Conclusion. When conducting environmental impact assessment and monitoring, when identifying violations of natural processes, geophysical indicators are needed to assess the environmental impact (EIA). Preservation and protection of the natural ecological framework, its study, and research of processes and patterns of migration of matter and energy at the local level is possible only in stationary conditions of reserves and sanctuaries. Elucidation of causal relationships in natural processes, pathways of micronutrient migration and distribution and redistribution of radionuclides, and study of the intensity of anthropogenic impact on the formation and functioning of local level geosystems are necessary to create a database of actual material.

The analysis of the landscape structure by the area of certain types of localities showed the differences between the natural areas of Khmelnytskyi Transnistria, which are also manifested in agroclimatic resources. Different types of active surfaces (water, meadow, field, and forest tracts) are characterized by individual indicators of albedo, the ratio of absorbed radiation, energy consumption for evaporation, and turbulent heat exchange with the atmosphere.

Geophysical and biogeophysical indicators allow to assess changes in the factors of functioning of natural landscapes, so it is advisable to assess the natural-technical and natural-anthropogenic complexes of the rank of localities, types of landscapes and physical-geographical provinces. Geophysical indicators are the normative basis for comparison with the corresponding.

Key words: geophysical indicators, the structure of landscapes, Khmelnytske Prydnisteria, agroclimatic dates, ecology.