bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of the armed forces in the April 2002 coup attempt in Venezuela
Authors: Sizenov Pavel Igorevich
Published: May 2024

The article deals with the problem of the influence of representatives of the National Armed Forces of Venezuela on the course and results of the coup in April 2002. The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that the failed coup became a key point in the first stage of the government of Hugo Chavez and largely determined the president's policy towards further establishing personal control over all institutions of power, as well as definitively outlined the harsh anti-American vector of the Bolivarian policy. The emphasis on the actions of military officials in the coup makes it possible to determine their real significant role in the April events. In this regard, attention is paid to the influence of the institution of the army in general and individual officers in particular on political processes in Venezuela. The methodological basis in the article is provided by general scientific (descriptive, analysis and synthesis), as well as historical (chronological) and political science (institutional) research methods. In Russian historiography, the episode with the coup, as a rule, was considered within the framework of global studies on H. Chavez and Chavismo in general. Therefore, within the framework of the work, more emphasis is placed on foreign historiography. These facts determine the novelty of the work, which consists both in attracting previously unused materials to the study, and in specifying the topic of the coup and the role of the Venezuelan Armed Forces in it. Based on the analyzed data, the conclusions of the work indicate that the actual intervention of senior officers in the political crisis in the country initially brought the presidency to the putschists, and then deprived them of almost seized power, ensuring the return of Hugo Chavez to the Miroflores Palace. In addition, independence in the actions of the military is emphasized in the conditions of chaos and a vacuum of power that came on April 11, 2002. In this regard, it is also indicated that specifically the senior officers acted spontaneously and were not actively involved in the real-life conspiratorial circles that were preparing a coup d'etat. Therefore, when the military most important for the coup saw that the measures taken by the putschists did not meet their vision, they deprived the right of their support and did not actually oppose the fact that another group of military officers returned the legitimately elected president to office.
The Kurdish factor in Saudi Arabia's Middle Eastern policy: an analysis in the context of relations with Iraq and Iran
Authors: Aver'yanova-Zaitseva Diana Aleksandrovna , Baravi Melina Vladimirovna , Ryzhov Igor' Valer'evich
Published: May 2024

The subject of the study is the complex relationship between Saudi Arabia's Middle East policy and the Kurdish question. It includes an examination of Saudi Arabia's attitudes, strategies and actions towards Kurdish groups in the region, as well as the factors influencing its approach to this issue. The object of the study, is Saudi Arabia's Middle East policy, that is, it is an analysis of Saudi Arabia's foreign policy objectives, priorities and interests in the Middle East region, with a particular focus on how the Kurdish factor influences or intersects with this policy. This includes an examination of Saudi Arabia's diplomatic relations, security concerns and strategic calculations towards Iraq and Iran, as well as its broader regional ambitions. By analyzing the Kurdish factor, the authors offer an interdisciplinary understanding that bridges the fields of political science, international relations, Middle East studies and Kurdish studies. This interdisciplinary approach allows for a fuller understanding of the complexities surrounding the Kurdish question and its implications for regional dynamics. The article presents a historical analysis of Saudi Arabia's engagement with Kurdish groups in the region, shedding light on past policies, alliances and conflicts. By contextualizing current events within a historical framework, the article offers valuable insights into the evolution of Saudi Arabia's approach to the Kurdish factor. Moreover, the article is able to assess the political implications of Saudi Arabia's approach to the Kurdish factor on regional stability, security and diplomatic relations. By assessing the potential consequences of various policy decisions, the article provides valuable insights into effective strategies for managing the Kurdish issue within the broader framework of Middle East politics.
Statistical analysis of the differentiation of regions of the Russian Federation by tax revenues of consolidated budgets using the R language
Authors: Apal'kova Tamara Gennadievna , Levchenko Kirill Gennadievich
Published: May 2024

The subject area of this article is the application of descriptive statistics and multidimensional classification methods to describe the regional features of the formation of tax components of revenues of consolidated budgets of the Russian Federation. The aim of the work is to demonstrate the simplicity and effectiveness of using mathematical and statistical methods and the functionality of the open source language R to solve problems of structural analysis of tax revenues, identify regional specifics, and comparative analysis of regions from the point of view of tax revenues. The apparatus of mathematical statistics implemented in the R language, in particular, opens up wide opportunities for classifying tax subjects, including multidimensional ones, significantly facilitating the procedures of analysis, ranking and planning. The functionality described in the article can be used in the process of forming and adjusting tax policy at different levels.  The possibilities of the mathematical statistics apparatus in combination with the instrumental methods of the R language are revealed by the example of the classification analysis of the regions of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the absolute and relative values of tax revenues in the revenues of regional budgets are selected as classification features. The classification by belonging to the federal district and the study of the "natural" stratification by the method of cluster analysis are considered. The apparatus of mathematical statistics and, especially, the tools of the R language are used unreasonably rarely in research of this kind, despite the ease of use and the absence of the need for special training, these circumstances determine the relevance of this article. Aggregation by federal districts made it possible to identify: the Ural Federal District as the leader in terms of the average regional share of tax revenues in the revenue part of the budget and the North Caucasus Federal District, characterized by the lowest average regional contributions of tax payments to regional budgets. The analysis of the natural stratification of the regions of the Russian Federation by their relative tax contributions to consolidated budgets made it possible to identify groups: the most typical regions, subsidized regions, donor regions and regions in which the most expensive assets of enterprises of the Russian Federation are concentrated
Oral antipathogenic and antiviral properties of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. Extracts with panduratin A as active compound
Authors: Sanguansermsri Donruedee , Sanguansermsri Phanchana , Buaban Kittisak , Kawaree Rungtip , Fraser Ian , Wongkattiya Nalin
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the anti-oral pathogen and anti-human coronavirus properties of Boesenbergia rotunda, a traditional Thai medicinal plant used for treating oral diseases. Boesenbergia rotunda Crude extracts (CBR) and B. rotunda fractionated extracts (FBR) of B. rotunda were obtained and analyzed. Panduratin A, present in both CBR and FBR, was found to play a key role in their antimicrobial efficacy. Both the extracts of B. rotunda exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration ratios demonstrating their effectiveness. Furthermore, both extracts showed a potent and direct inhibitory effect against human coronavirus 229E, with nearly 99.99% efficacy and a 4-log reduction in viral activity at a concentration of 1,600 μg/ml within 30 minutes. This study demonstrates the potential of B. rotunda as an antiviral and antipathogenic agent, with panduratin A as a bioactive compound. FBR is more potent than CBR against oral pathogens. These findings suggest that B. rotunda is a promising herbal medicine for treating oral diseases and viral infections.
Focusing scattering light field with different states based on iterative algorithm
Authors: Duan Mei-Gang , Zhao Ying , Zuo Hao-Yi ,   School of Applied Sciences, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China,   College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Published: May 2024

Transmitting optical information through scattering medium has broad application prospects in biomedical, aerospace and other fields. However, the light passing through the scattering medium will cause wavefront distortion and optical information blurring. Wavefront shaping technology uses a mathematical matrix to characterize the characteristics of scattering medium, which can achieve refocusing and imaging after light propagation through the scattering medium. It mainly includes optical phase conjugation, optical transmission matrix and wavefront shaping based on iterative optimization. However, the iterative wavefront shaping is considered to be a cost-effective method. Based on the wavefront amplitude modulation technology, the wavefront amplitude of the incident light is continuously adjusted by using the optimization algorithm to find the corresponding wavefront amplitude distribution that can maximize the light intensity in the target area. The system generates binary patterns implemented with digital-micromirror device (DMD) based on on-off state of micromirror, where “on” represents 1 and “off” refers to 0. The DMD has a high refresh rate and can achieve high speed wavefront amplitude modulation by using the iteration algorithm. In the experiment, the scattering medium is prepared with TiO2, water and gelatin, whose persistence times are controlled with the water-gelatin ratio (WGR). In addition, the Pearson correlation coefficient (Cor) curve obtained through 300-s-measurement under different WGR conditions, which shows that the greater WGR, the shorter the persistence time is. The experiment mainly studies the focusing of the spatial light through scattering media by wavefront amplitude modulation, and discusses the ability of point guard algorithm (PGA) and genetic algorithm (GA) to control the scattered light field with different persistence times in 64 × 64 segments. The experimental results show that the PGA can achieve higher enhancement factor and more uniform multi-point focusing than the GA after 1000 iterations in the scattering medium with the same persistence time. The relative standard deviation value is inversely proportional to the WGR value when multi-point focusing can be completed. We also demonstrate that GA can only achieve single-point focusing when WGR = 40, and it cannot accomplish multi-point focusing in self-made scattering medium. This study not only verifies a method to achieve focusing scattering light field, but also provides a new scheme for testing the performance of the iterative wavefront shaping.
Switchable and optically transparent ultrawide stopband frequency selective surface for electromagnetic shielding
Authors: Wang Cheng-Rong , Tang Li , Zhou Yan-Ping , Zhao Xiang , Liu Chang-Jun , Yan Li-Ping ,   College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China,   Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Chengdu Jincheng College, Chengdu 611731, China
Published: May 2024

In view of the fact that high-frequency electromagnetic waves mainly enter buildings through windows and glass doors, switchable optically-transparent shielding with broad stopband is increasingly needed. Herein, a novel design for a switchable and optically transparent frequency selective surface (FSS) with ultrawide-stopband is presented in this study. The structure consists of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) layer sandwiched between polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layers which contain liquid metal microchannels arranged in an orthogonal Ω-shaped configuration. The mobility of the liquid metal can switch the FSS response from an all-pass to an ultrawide bandstop behavior. The proposed FSS achieves a rejection bandwidth of 18.1 GHz, covering P, L, S, C, X and Ku bands, while maintaining a transparency of 81% and high angular stability up to 80°, regardless of polarization. Furthermore, the mechanism behind the ultrawide stopband and high angular stability is explored through an analysis of reflection and absorption for both TE polarization and TM polarization. Experimental validation under both normal and oblique incidence demonstrates the ultrawide-stopband performance of the fabricated FSS.
Hosts manipulate lifestyle switch and pathogenicity heterogeneity of opportunistic pathogens in the single-cell resolution
Authors: Wang Ziguang , Li Shuai , Zhang Sheng , Zhang Tianyu , Wu Yujie , Liu Anqi , Wang Kui , Ji Xiaowen , Cao Haiqun , Zhang Yinglao , Tan Eng King , Wang Yongcheng , Wang Yirong , Liu Wei
Published: May 2024

Host-microbe interactions are virtually bidirectional, but how the host affects their microbiome is poorly understood. Here, we report that the host is a critical modulator to regulate the lifestyle switch and pathogenicity heterogeneity of the opportunistic pathogens Serratia marcescens utilizing the Drosophila and bacterium model system. First, we find that Drosophila larvae efficiently outcompete S. marcescens and typically drive a bacterial switch from pathogenicity to commensalism toward the fly. Furthermore, Drosophila larvae reshape the transcriptomic and metabolic profiles of S. marcescens characterized by a lifestyle switch. More importantly, the host alters pathogenicity and heterogeneity of S. marcescens in the single-cell resolution. Finally, we find that larvae-derived AMPs are required to recapitulate the response of S. marcescens to larvae. Altogether, our findings provide an insight into the pivotal roles of the host in harnessing the life history and heterogeneity of symbiotic bacterial cells, advancing knowledge of the reciprocal relationships between the host and pathogen.
Winter Time Nutrient Limitation of Phytoplankton in North Carolina Water Supply Reservoirs and An Inflowing Stream
Authors: Jackson Kennedy M. , Hadarau Petru A. , Cooke Sandra L.
Published: May 2024

In aquatic ecosystems, phytoplankton growth may be limited by one or more essential nutrients, a phenomenon known as nutrient limitation. Nutrient limitation can vary spatially, including within and among systems, and temporally, including across seasons and years. For systems that are susceptible to eutrophication (the nutrient over-enrichment of water bodies), understanding patterns of nutrient limitation can be useful for water resource managers. We conducted phytoplankton growth bioassays in late February 2019 to analyze the nutrient limitation status of two water supply reservoirs (Oak Hollow Lake and City Lake), as well as an inflowing stream (Boulding Branch), in the North Carolina Piedmont. Two sites within each reservoir were assessed, including one site close to the water supply intake and one site further upstream. Each laboratory bioassay consisted of three nutrient addition treatments: nitrogen (N+), phosphorus (P+), and nitrogen and phosphorus (NP+), as well as a control. After 48 hr incubation under a growth light, chlorophyll a was measured in all samples, including initial samples taken prior to growth light incubation, and ANOVA was used to determine significant differences among treatments. The City Lake upstream site was P-limited, whereas the site closer to the intake was co-limited by N and P. The Oak Hollow downstream site closest to the water supply intake was P-limited while the Oak Hollow upstream site was not nutrient limited. Similarly, Boulding Branch was not nutrient limited. These results illustrate the spatial complexity of nutrient limitation. Further studies are needed to better understand this complexity, as well as examine seasonal and interannual patterns of nutrient limitation in these critical water supply reservoirs.
Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sawardekar Vinayak M , Gore Amol B , Jadhav BS , Sawardekar Veena , Singh Balbir , Wankhade Bhushan
Published: May 2024

Introduction: India bears a high burden of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Thyroid Dysfunction (TD). Though the coexistence of T2DM and TD has been evaluated, such studies from the perspective of metropolitan cities, including Mumbai, are lacking. Aim: To assess the prevalence of TD in patients with T2DM and to evaluate the association of TD with glycaemic control, duration, and complications of T2DM. Materials and Methods: The present observational cross-sectional study was performed in the Department of General Medicine, The Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, from January 2016 to December 2017. The study involved 220 diagnosed patients with T2DM, of either gender, aged 18 years or more. All patients were evaluated for TD by performing thyroid profile {T3, T4 and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)}. The association of TD prevalence with age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), duration of T2DM, Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c), and complications was assessed. The qualitative and quantitative parameters were compared with Chi- square and independent sample t-test, respectively, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The patients were predominantly males, 127 (57.7%) with a mean±Standard Deviation (SD) age and BMI of 63.4±14.02 years and 25.9±4.5 Kg/m2, respectively. The prevalence of TD was 36.8%. The predominant TD in patients with T2DM was subclinical hypothyroidism (75.9%). TD was significantly associated with advancing age (p-value=0.0167). However, gender and BMI were not significantly associated with TD. Poor glycaemic control was significantly associated with subclinical hypothyroidism (p-value=0.0255). The duration of T2DM was significantly associated with the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (p-value=0.0144), primary hypothyroidism (p-value=0.0257), and subclinical hyperthyroidism (p-value=0.0310). TD was found to be significantly associated with both micro and macrovascular complications of T2DM (all p-values <0.05). Conclusion: In Mumbai, the prevalence of T2DM-associated TD was 36.8%. TD was significantly associated with advancing age, duration of T2DM, high HbA1c levels, and both micro and macrovascular complications.
Foetal Autopsy: A Cross-sectional Study of 41 Cases at a Tertiary Care Centre in Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: ANEGUNDI RESHMA , DHARI VADDAVALLI VIDHYA , ARATHI CA
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Perinatal mortality includes both late foetal deaths and early neonatal deaths. The perinatal mortality rate in India was 23/1000 live births for the year 2016, with congenital anomalies being the major cause of perinatal mortality. Thus, foetal autopsy plays an important role in identifying various types of congenital anomalies, determining the cause of foetal death, and thereby helping in counselling the parents. Aim: To identify various causes of foetal death and determine the most prevalent cause of foetal death. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, PES Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (rural tertiary care referral Institute), Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India, from January 2018 to December 2022. Autopsies were performed according to a standard protocol and categorised using the Cunningham and Hollier classification. The data were entered into Microsoft (MS) Excel 2007 and further analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26.0. Results: The maternal age ranged from 19-36 years with a mean±Standard Deviation (SD) of 24.1±3.37 years. Out of the 41 cases, 29 (70.73%) cases were terminated, and 12 (29.26%) cases had intrauterine foetal death. The majority of cases were in the second trimester, with 37 (90.24%) cases, followed by 4 (9.75%) cases in the third trimester. Foetal causes constituted the majority of cases, 23 (56.09%), followed by placental causes, 12 (29.26%) and maternal causes, 6 (14.63%). Conclusion: The present study concluded that congenital anomalies constituted the most prevalent cause of foetal death, with central nervous system anomalies being the most common. This information helps clinicians in early intervention and counselling parents to avoid similar outcomes in subsequent pregnancies.
Development of Teaching Factory Model to Enhance Creativity of Students in the Home Economics Department of the Faculty of Engineering, UNM, Indonesia
Authors: Riwayani Rika , Gani Hamsu Abdul , Syamsidah .
Published: May 2024

The research aims to (1) develop an appropriate 6M teaching factory model for practical learning in the Department of Family Welfare Education, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Makassar with a concentration in Cosmetology, (2) produce a 6M teaching factory model that is valid, practical, and effective for practical learning in the Department of Family Welfare Education, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Makassar with a concentration in Cosmetology. This study is an R & D (Research and Development)-based development research. The subjects used were 20 students from the Cosmetology concentration. The development method adapted in this study is derived from the Borg and Gall Model, which includes three main stages, namely: preliminary study covering field surveys, document analysis, and theoretical considerations; the design phase involving the creation of a teaching factory model draft and the improvement of the model; and the experimental phase that includes initial inspection, large-scale testing, and final refinement of the product. The results of this research are the creation of a teaching factory learning model called the TEFA 6M, along with operational tools including the TEFA 6M model book, Syllabus, modules, jobsheet, and LPPO. This model is designed to strengthen the practical abilities of students. The TEFA 6M model is divided into seven phases in one round, starting from pre-order, pre-production, production, post-production, packaging, to order delivery. One TEFA 6M model cycle combines soft skill and hard skill activities. The implementation of this model uses a block and rotating system and is concluded with a competency assessment. The developed TEFA 6M model has been validated by experts, revised, and tested on both small and large scales.
Based on the t-test results, it is known that the Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 is smaller than the probability of 0.05, so it can be concluded that there is a difference in test results between the experimental class posttest and the control class posttest. Furthermore, for the average score of the experimental group, a score of 78.38 was obtained, and 42.36 in the control group; thus, the 6M Teaching Factory Learning Model can be said to be effective in the experimental class in improving student competencies in the Facial Makeup Techniques course.
The research indicates that the TEFA-6M model has met the standard of validity. Based on the evaluations carried out, it is known that this teaching approach is practical, in terms of management abilities by the lecturer, and effective, as seen from the level of student activity, student reactions to the functionality and implementation of the model, and from test results that assess task completion.
Studies on Pearl Millet-Based Intercropping System under Rainfed Condition of Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: M Sowmiya , K Sharmili , S Ramachander , P Dinesh Kumar
Published: May 2024

Aim: The aim of the study is to ascertain the response of pearl millet under intercropping system with pulses and their ability to produce higher yield under intercropping conditions.
Study Design:  The study was carried out in Randomized block design (RBD).
Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2023-2024 at Karunya Institute of technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.
Methodology: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design and replicated thrice. It consisted of eleven treatments comprising of pearl millet as main crop and pulses viz., blackgram, greengram, redgram, cowpea and bengalgram as intercrops. Pulses were intercropped with pearl millet in replacement series of 4:1 and 6:1 row proportion.
Results: Significantly higher plant height (186.03cm), dry matter accumulation (7386kg/ha), grain yield (2493 kg/ha) and B:C (2.50) ratio was recorded in pearl millet + blackgram (4:1). Further pearl millet equivalent yield (PMGEY) (2711.1 kg/ha) and Relative Crowding Coefficient (RCC) were higher in pearl millet with blackgram 4:1 ratio and Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) were higher in pearl millet + redgram at a ratio of 4:1.
Conclusion: These results confirmed that, pearl millet + blackgram 4:1 intercropping system may be suggested to get greater net return and B: C ratio.
Effect of Fruit Bagging on the Yield and Quality of Rainy Season Guava (Psidium guajava) cv Allahabad Safeda
Authors: Yadav Harish , Joseph Annjoe V.
Published: May 2024

The present experiment was conducted at Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during the session 2022 - 2024. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design, and the study consists of eight treatments with three replications including control. From the present investigation, it was concluded that bagging had significant effect on fruit characters in guava. The best treatment was T3 (Yellow Polythene) which shows highest values in all the parameters viz fruit characters (fruit weight-192.09g, fruit girth- 6.39 cm, fruit diameter-6.53cm, pulp weight-74.91g, pulp percentage-89.06%, seed weight-6.22g, seed percentage-5.71% & specific gravity-1.23), quality attributes (TSS -15.32 0Brix, acidity- 0.40%, vitamin C- 161.99 mg/100g, TSS/acid ratio-37.64). Increased fruit yield and quality might be due to the increased absorption of sunlight & favorable microclimate created due to bagging.
PERAN GURU MEMANFAATKAN AI DALAM MEMBANGUN GENERASI UNGGUL MENUJU INDONESIA EMAS 2045
Authors: Boentolo Franky , Manu Che-Che Chuan Racwelling , Saragih Olyvia Giovany , Zalukhu Soniat
Published: May 2024

Kemajuan teknologi dalam dunia pendidikan menghadirkan berbagai informasi yang aktual dan dapat digunakan dalam proses belajar mengajar di sekolah. Salah satu media pembelajaran yang diperkenalkan pada abad ke-21 yaitu artificial intelligence (AI). Penulisan karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fungsi AI sebagai salah satu inovasi media pembelajaran digital. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kajian pustaka. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan AI merupakan proses untuk melahirkan sumber daya manusia yang unggul dan membentuk generasi bangsa yang berkualitas menuju Indonesia Emas 2045. AI merupakan inovasi pembelajaran yang dapat diterapkan dalam pembelajaran di Indonesia dengan tujuan untuk menghasilkan generasi bangsa yang mampu bersaing secara internasional. Salah satunya yaitu melalui peran guru sekolah dasar dalam merangkul AI sebagai media pembelajaran digital yang dapat diinte­grasikan kepada peserta didik sekolah dasar dengan sesuai, untuk menghadapi perubahan yang terjadi di dunia. Guru dan peserta didik dituntut untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan teknologi digital.
The Impact of Quantum Computing on Artificial Intelligence: An Overview
Authors: Hassooni Marwah Naeem
Published: May 2024

Quantum computing is one of the emerging technologies that support and improved the performance of classical computers which have contributed significantly to scientific achievements over time. With its ability to create states that scale exponentially with the number of qubits through superposition and entanglement, quantum computing has demonstrated promise in addressing large, complex problems. To make quantum applications a reality, numerous research communities and companies are engaged in this endeavor. A rising star in the world of new subjects would be artificial intelligence. The purpose of this investigation is to present a broad outline of quantum computing, probing into its positives, negatives, potentials and threats in the light of this new subject — so that we can push our understanding on how artificial intelligence dovetails with quantum computations. This work paves way for future explorations and enhancements— drawing significance from untapped reservoirs between these two domains, we propose will drive us into an exciting frontier era!.
Wertverwässerungsschutz bei Sachkapitalerhöhungen nach dem Zukunftsfinanzierungsgesetz
Authors: Verse Dirk A.
Published: May 2024

Durch das Zukunftsfinanzierungsgesetz ist der Verwässerungsschutz der Altaktionäre bei ordentlichen Kapitalerhöhungen mit Bezugsrechtsausschluss völlig neu gefasst worden (§ 255 Abs. 2, Abs. 4-7, §§ 255a, 255b AktG n.F.). Am Beispiel der Sachkapitalerhöhung stellt der Beitrag die neue Regelung vor und diskutiert erste Anwendungsfragen.
Gecko‐Inspired Surfaces: A Path to Strong and Reversible Dry Adhesives
Authors: Boesel Luciano F. , Greiner Christian , Arzt Eduard , del Campo Aránzazu
Published: March 2010

The amazing adhesion of gecko pads to almost any kind of surfaces has inspired a very active research direction over the last decade: the investigation of how geckos achieve this feat and how this knowledge can be turned into new strategies to reversibly join surfaces. This article reviews the fabrication approaches used so far for the creation of micro‐ and nanostructured fibrillar surfaces with adhesive properties. In the light of the pertinent contact mechanics, the adhesive properties are presented and discussed. The decisive design parameters are fiber radius and aspect ratio, tilt angle, hierarchical arrangement and the effect of the backing layer. Also first responsive systems that allow thermal switching between nonadhesive and adhesive states are described. These structures show a high potential of application, providing the remaining issues of robustness, reliability, and large‐area manufacture can be solved.
PAX2 mutations in fetal renal hypodysplasia
Authors: Martinovic‐Bouriel Jelena , Benachi Alexandra , Bonnière Maryse , Brahimi Nora , Esculpavit Chantal , Morichon Nicole , Vekemans Michel , Antignac Corinne , Salomon Rémi , Encha‐Razavi Féréchté , Attié‐Bitach Tania , Gubler Marie‐Claire
Published: March 2010

Papillorenal syndrome also known as renal‐coloboma syndrome (OMIM 120330) is an autosomal dominant condition comprising optic nerve anomaly and renal oligomeganephronic hypoplasia. This reduced number of nephron generations with compensatory glomerular hypertrophy leads towards chronic insufficiency with renal failure. We report on two fetuses with PAX2 mutations presenting at 24 and 18 weeks' gestation, respectively, born into two different sibships. In our first patient, termination of pregnancy was elected for anhydramnios and suspicion of renal agenesis in the healthy couple with an unremarkable previous clinical history. This fetus had bilateral asymmetric kidney anomalies including a small multicystic left kidney, and an extremely hypoplastic right kidney. Histology showed dysplastic lesions in the left kidney, contrasting with rather normal organization in the hypoplastic right kidney. Ocular examination disclosed bilateral optic nerve coloboma. The association of these anomalies, highly suggestive of the papillorenal syndrome, led us to perform the molecular study of the PAX2 gene. Direct sequencing of the PAX2 coding sequence identified a de novo single G deletion of nucleotide 935 in exon 3 of the PAX2 resulting in a frameshift mutation (c.392delG, p.Ser131Thrfs*28). In the second family, the presence of a maternally inherited PAX2 mutation led to a decision for termination of pregnancy. The 18‐week gestation fetus presented the papillorenal syndrome including hypoplastic kidneys and optic nerve coloboma. In order to address the PAX2 involvement in isolated renal “disease,” 18 fetuses fulfilling criteria were screened: 10/18 had uni‐ or bilateral agenesis, 6/18 had bilateral multicystic dysplasia with enlarged kidneys, and 2/18 presented bilateral severe hypodysplasia confirmed on fetopathological examination. To the best of our knowledge, our first patient represents an unreported fetal diagnosis of papillorenal syndrome, and another example of the impact of oriented fetopathological examination in genetic counseling of the parents. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a culturally tailored genetic counseling booklet about hereditary breast and ovarian cancer for Black women
Authors: Permuth‐Wey Jennifer , Vadaparampil Susan , Rumphs Alnecia , Kinney Anita Yeomans , Pal Tuya
Published: March 2010

Printed educational materials (PEM) can serve as important tools to enhance and reinforce information presented during genetic counseling (GC) for BRCA1/2 testing, yet few such materials have been specifically developed for the Black community. The goal of the current study was to develop a BRCA1/2 genetic education booklet for Black women at increased risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). Investigators identified available PEM about BRCA1/2 targeted toward Blacks. To obtain possible perspectives of the target population regarding modified and newly developed materials, a Community Advisory Panel (CAP) comprising breast cancer survivors, advocates, and community leaders was convened. While the CAP felt PEM were an important adjunct to GC, the panel recommended developing materials that were more personalized and relevant to Black women. A 12‐page booklet that follows the flow of a standard GC session was developed; it includes a limited amount of technical information, incorporates familiar terms and images to describe key concepts, and contains vignettes and photographs of Black women. Upon review of the newly developed booklet, CAP members agreed their input had been well implemented, and only had minor suggestions. The booklet is currently being used in a population‐based study of BRCA1/2 mutations among Black women diagnosed with early‐onset breast cancer. Involving members of the target community is critical to the development of culturally tailored PEM. Further evaluation of the utility of our booklet in increasing awareness and understanding of HBOC and promoting informed decision‐making regarding genetic testing and medical management among Black women is needed. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of susceptibility loci for scoliosis in FIS families with triple curves
Authors: Marosy Beth , Justice Cristina M. , Vu Cuong , Zorn Andrew , Nzegwu Nneka , Wilson Alexander F. , Miller Nancy H.
Published: March 2010

The triple curve pattern (three lateral curvatures of equal severity) has been recognized as a distinct and unique clinical subtype of scoliosis. As part of a large study of familial idiopathic scoliosis (FIS), a subset of five families with a triple curve pattern (at least one member of each family having a triple curve) was evaluated to determine if this curve pattern was linked to any of the markers previously genotyped as part of the STRP‐based previous linkage screen. Model independent linkage analysis (SIBPAL, v4.5) of the initial genomic screen identified candidate regions on chromosomes 6 and 10 when FIS was analyzed both as qualitative and quantitative traits in single‐ and multipoint linkage analyses. Additional fine mapping analyses of this subgroup with SNPs corroborated the findings in these regions (P < 0.001). These regions have been previously linked to FIS, however, this is the first time these regions have been implicated in a clinically well‐defined subgroup and may suggest a unique genetic etiology for the formation of a triple curve. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lipedema: An inherited condition
Authors: Child Anne H. , Gordon Kristiana D. , Sharpe Pip , Brice Glen , Ostergaard Pia , Jeffery Steve , Mortimer Peter S.
Published: March 2010

Lipedema is a condition characterized by swelling and enlargement of the lower limbs due to abnormal deposition of subcutaneous fat. Lipedema is an under‐recognized condition, often misdiagnosed as lymphedema or dismissed as simple obesity. We present a series of pedigrees and propose that lipedema is a genetic condition with either X‐linked dominant inheritance or more likely, autosomal dominant inheritance with sex limitation. Lipedema appears to be a condition almost exclusively affecting females, presumably estrogen‐requiring as it usually manifests at puberty. Lipedema is an entity distinct from obesity, but may be wrongly diagnosed as primary obesity, due to clinical overlap. The phenotype suggests a condition distinct from obesity and associated with pain, tenderness, and easy bruising in affected areas. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proposal for updating the pseudoxanthoma elasticum classification system and a review of the clinical findings
Authors: Plomp Astrid S. , Toonstra Johan , Bergen Arthur A.B. , van Dijk Marijke R. , de Jong Paulus T.V.M.
Published: March 2010

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a systemic disorder affecting elastic tissues most markedly in skin, retina, and blood vessels. It is caused by mutations in the ABCC6 gene and is transmitted in an autosomal recessive fashion. In 1994 a new classification system for PXE was published as the result of a consensus conference. Since then the ABCC6 gene has been discovered. We propose that there is a need for a classification system incorporating all relevant systemic symptoms and signs, based on standardized clinical, histological, and molecular biological examination techniques. We re‐evaluated the histopathologic PXE signs and propose a classification system with unambiguous criteria leading to a consistent diagnosis of definitive, probable, or possible PXE world‐wide. We put this proposed classification forward to encourage further debate on the diagnosis of this multi‐organ disorder. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genomic alterations in biliary atresia suggest region of potential disease susceptibility in 2q37.3
Authors: Leyva‐Vega Melissa , Gerfen Jennifer , Thiel Brian D. , Jurkiewicz Dorota , Rand Elizabeth B. , Pawlowska Joanna , Kaminska Diana , Russo Pierre , Gai Xiaowu , Krantz Ian D. , Kamath Binita M. , Hakonarson Hakon , Haber Barbara A. , Spinner Nancy B.
Published: March 2010

Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive, idiopathic obliteration of the extrahepatic biliary system occurring exclusively in the neonatal period. It is the most common disease leading to liver transplantation in children. The etiology of BA is unknown, although infectious, immune and genetic causes have been suggested. Although the recurrence of BA in families is not common, there are more than 30 multiplex families reported and an underlying genetic susceptibility has been hypothesized. We screened a cohort of 35 BA patients for genomic alterations that might confer susceptibility to BA. DNA was genotyped on the Illumina Human Hap 550 Beadchip platform, which analyzes over 550,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for genomic deletions and duplications. Areas of increased and decreased copy number were compared to those found in control populations. To identify regions that could serve as susceptibility factors for BA, we searched for regions that were found in BA patients, but not in controls. We identified two unrelated BA patients with overlapping heterozygous deletions of 2q37.3. Patient 1 had a 1.76 Mb (280 SNP), heterozygous deletion containing 30 genes. Patient 2 had a 5.87 Mb (1,346 SNP) heterozygous deletion containing 55 genes. The overlapping 1.76 Mb deletion on chromosome 2q37.3 from 240,936,900 to 242,692,820 constitutes the critical region and the genes within this region could be candidates for susceptibility to BA. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical and molecular characterization of overlapping interstitial Xp21‐p22 duplications in two unrelated individuals
Authors: Thorson Laura , Bryke Christine , Rice Gregory , Artzer Amber , Schilz Christine , Israel Jamie , Huber Suzanne , Laffin Jennifer , Raca Gordana
Published: March 2010

Development and implementation of high‐density DNA arrays demonstrated the important role of copy number changes on the X chromosome in the etiology of developmental delay and mental retardation (MR). We describe two unrelated patients with developmental delay due to similar interstitial duplications at Xp21‐p22. The first patient is a 6‐month‐old male with multiple affected family members including many females. The second patient is a 5‐year‐old adopted female. In both patients, chromosome analysis and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) showed duplications of overlapping regions at Xp21‐p22. The duplicated segments contain numerous genes associated with MR, including AP1S2, NHS, CDKL5, RPS6KA3, SMS, and ARX. Except for developmental delay, there is little phenotypic overlap between the male and the female patient. Additionally, the female patient and affected female relatives of the male patient have variable severities of cognitive impairment, likely due to different X‐inactivation patterns and effects of other, nonduplicated genes important for normal development. These cases illustrate that increased gene dosage of X‐linked MR genes lead to cognitive impairment. Precise delineation of chromosome rearrangements by aCGH and identification of genes within duplicated segments helped in establishing genotype–phenotype correlations for each of our patients, in comparing them to each other, as well as with previously reported cases of Xp21‐p22 duplications. However, we show that even with detailed molecular characterization, phenotype prediction remains challenging in patients with structural abnormalities of the X chromosome. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A variant of Desbuquois dysplasia characterized by advanced carpal bone age, short metacarpals, and elongated phalanges: Report of seven cases
Authors: Kim Ok‐Hwa , Nishimura Gen , Song Hae‐Ryong , Matsui Yoshito , Sakazume Satoru , Yamada Masanobu , Narumi Yoko , Alanay Yasemin , Unger Sheila , Cho Tae‐Joon , Park Sung Sup , Ikegawa Shiro , Meinecke Peter , Superti‐Furga Andrea
Published: March 2010

We present the clinical and radiological findings of seven patients with a seemingly new variant of Desbuquois dysplasia (DBQD) and emphasize the radiographic findings in the hand. All cases showed remarkably accelerated carpal bone ages in childhood, but none of the patients had an accessory ossification center distal to the second metacarpal, or thumb anomalies, instead, there was shortness of one or all metacarpals, with elongated appearance of phalanges, resulting in nearly equal length of the second to fifth fingers. The two sibs followed for 20 years showed narrowing and fusion of the intercarpal joints with age and ultimately, precocious degenerative arthritis. The changes in the feet were similar to those of the hands, with advanced tarsal bone ages, shortness of the metatarsals and elongation of the second and third toes. Other radiographic findings were narrowness of the intervertebral disc spaces resulting in precocious degenerative spondylosis and progressive scoliosis. The femoral neck was short and thick and showed a persistent enlargement of the lesser trochanter with a high‐riding, bulbous greater trochanter that became more prominent with age. Molecular testing of the diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter (DTDST) gene was performed on six patients and no mutations were detected. This radiographic and clinical observation further adds to the evidence that there may be subtypes of DBQD. Long‐term follow‐up showed that severe precocious osteoarthritis of the hand and spine is a major manifestation of this specific variant. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Germline TGF‐β receptor mutations and skeletal fragility: A report on two patients with Loeys–Dietz syndrome
Authors: Kirmani Salman , Tebben Peter J. , Lteif Aida N. , Gordon David , Clarke Bart L. , Hefferan Theresa E. , Yaszemski Michael J. , McGrann Pamela S. , Lindor Noralane M. , Ellison Jay W.
Published: March 2010

Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS, OMIM # 609192) caused by heterozygous mutations in TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 has recently been described as an important cause of familial aortic aneurysms. These patients have craniofacial and skeletal features that overlap with the Marfan syndrome (MFS), and more importantly, have significant vascular fragility as is seen in MFS and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome Type IV (EDS‐IV). The skeletal phenotype with respect to low bone mineral density and skeletal fragility is not clear. We present two patients with LDS with significant skeletal fragility. The first is a 17‐year‐old male who had talipes equinovarus, diaphragmatic and inguinal and herniae, aortic root dilatation necessitating surgical repair, craniofacial and skeletal dysmorphism consistent with LDS, and a history of numerous fragility fractures leading to significant skeletal deformity. He was found to be heterozygous for a c.923T > C transition in exon 4 of TGFBR2. The second is a 26‐year‐old male with submucous cleft palate, talipes equinovarus, pectus excavatum requiring surgery, inguinal hernia, and aneurysms in the ascending aorta, abdominal aorta, carotid, subclavian, vertebral and brachial arteries requiring surgical repairs. He also had craniofacial and skeletal dysmorphism consistent with LDS, multiple fractures in childhood, low bone mineral density, and was found to be heterozygous for a c.1561 T > C transition in exon 7 of TGFBR2. These case studies highlight the importance of paying close attention to fractures and bone density in patients with LDS. Osteopenia or osteoporosis may become increasingly important issues as earlier detection and treatment of the vascular complications of LDS improves life expectancy in these patients. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.