bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization
Authors: Rensch Florian , Spandau Ulrich H. M. , Schlichtenbrede Frank , von Baltz Stefan , Libondi Teodosio , Jonas Jost B. , Vossmerbaeumer Urs
Published: March 2009

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab on visual acuity in patients with myopic choroidal neovascularization.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
The retrospective case series study included 13 patients with myopic choroidal
neovascularization who received three intravitreal
injections of 1.5 mg of bevacizumab.

RESULTS
At 1, 3, and 6 months after the first injection, mean visual acuity improved significantly from 0.63 ± 0.41 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units (LogMAR) to 0.39 ± 0.22 (P < .001), 0.47 ± 0.49 (P = .002), and 0.52 ± 0.49 LogMAR (P = 0.009), respectively. The increase in visual acuity was correlated with a significant decrease in central retinal thickness (P = .003) as measured by optical coherence tomography. Mean intraocular pressure did not change significantly (P > .05) during follow-up.

CONCLUSION
Intravitreal injections of bevacizumab may be a therapeutic option for exudative myopic macular degeneration.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2008;39:182-185.]

AUTHORS
From the Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Accepted for publication February 17, 2008.
Address correspondence to Jost B. Jonas, MD, Universitäts-Augenklinik, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
Vitrectomy for Epimacular Membrane Secondary to Adult-Onset Coats’ Disease
Authors: Shukla Dhananjay , Chakraborty Somnath , Behera Umesh C. , Kim Ramasamy
Published: March 2009

The authors describe the management of an epimacular membrane secondary to adult-onset Coats’ disease. A 26-year-old man presented with decreased vision (20/120) in the right eye for 4 months. Fundus examination revealed features suggestive of Coats’ disease, with a thick epimacular membrane. Optical coherence tomography revealed underlying macular thickening. The patient underwent vitrectomy with removal of the epimacular membrane and internal limiting membrane; peripheral telangiectasia were simultaneously photocoagulated. Postoperatively, his visual acuity improved to 20/20, which remained stable for 12 months. Vitrectomy yields an excellent anatomical and functional outcome in epimacular membrane due to adult-onset Coats’ disease, if performed before macular exudation leads to subretinal fibrosis. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2008;39:239-241.]

AUTHORS From the Retina-Vitreous Service, Aravind Eye Hospital & Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. Accepted for publication November 10, 2007. Address correspondence to Dhananjay Shukla, MS, Aravind Eye Hospital & Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, 1 Anna Nagar, Madurai 625 020, Tamil Nadu, India.
Large Blunt Scleral Rupture Without Retinal Detachment
Authors: Takayama Kohei , Yasukawa Tsutomu , Okada Morio , Sumida Aki , Watanabe Norio , Uchida Sunao
Published: March 2009

Eyes with scleral rupture after blunt trauma are often complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy. A 56-year-old man sustained blunt trauma to his left eye. Visual acuity was light perception. The fundus was obscured by hyphema. Computed tomography imaging and the presence of extensive subconjunctival hemorrhage suggested scleral rupture. Prompt primary surgery to repair a 25-mm scleral rupture was performed under general anesthesia. No retinal detachment developed. Two years postoperatively, visual acuity increased to 12/20. This case shows that retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy may not complicate extensive scleral ruptures under certain circumstances. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2008;39:242-245.]

AUTHORS From the Department of Ophthalmology (KT, TY, MO, AS, NW, SU), Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki; and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science (TY), Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan. Accepted for publication December 7, 2007. Address correspondence to Tsutomu Yasukawa, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan.
Light Scatter on the Surface of AcrySof® Intraocular Lenses: Part I. Analysis of Lenses Retrieved From Pseudophakic Postmortem Human Eyes
Authors: Yaguchi Shigeo , Nishihara Hitoshi , Kambhiranond Waraporn , Stanley Daniel , Apple David J.
Published: March 2009

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To investigate the cause of light scatter measured on the surface of AcrySof intraocular lenses (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX) retrieved from pseudophakic postmortem human eyes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten intraocular lenses (Alcon AcrySof Model MA60BM) were retrieved postmortem and analyzed for light scatter before and after removal of surface-bound biofilms.

RESULTS Six of the 10 lenses exhibited light scatter that was clearly above baseline levels. In these 6 lenses, both peak and average pixel density were reduced by approximately 80% after surface cleaning.

CONCLUSION The current study demonstrates that a coating deposited in vivo on the lens surface is responsible for the light scatter observed when incident light is applied. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2008;39:209-213.]

AUTHORS From the Department of Ophthalmology (SY, HN), Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; Alcon Research, Ltd. (WK, DS), Fort Worth, Texas; and the Moran Eye Center (DJA), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. Accepted October 22, 2007. Financial support provided by Alcon Research, Ltd., Fort Worth, Texas. Ms. Kambhiranond and Mr. Stanley are employees of Alcon Research, Ltd. The authors thank Bruce Sampley of Alcon Research, Ltd., for his contribution to the analysis of the lenses. Address correspondence to Shigeo Yaguchi, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aobaku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8501 Japan.
Lack of Toxicity During Long-Term Follow-Up of Intraocular Metallic Fragments After Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: Harper Tom W. , Flynn Harry W. , Berrocal Audina , Thompson John T. , Parel Jean-Marie
Published: March 2009

A 45-year-old woman underwent pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage in the right eye 20 years prior to presentation. She also had prior phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation and subsequent laser capsulotomy in the right eye. Multiple preretinal metallic fragments were visible on the retinal surface and were presumed to be stainless steel fragments from the vitrectomy instrument. The fragments were documented by color photography, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and echography. Visual acuity was 20/30, electrophysiologic testing was normal, and no signs of toxicity were present. No surgical intervention was planned.
Surgical Treatment of Strabismus Fixus Associated with High Myopia
Authors: Basmak Hikmet , Sahin Afsun , Yildirim Nilgun
Published: March 2009

A 55-year-old woman had convergent strabismus fixus associated with high myopia. Bilateral medial rectus recession and loop myopexy of lateral and medial rectus muscles was performed. The clinical characteristics and the possible surgical treatment modalities were discussed. This surgery seems effective on both the restoration of dislocation of the eyeball and the improvement of ocular motility.
Novel Therapeutic Approach in the Management of Band Keratopathy Using Amniotic Membrane Transplantation with Fibrin Glue
Authors: Esquenazi Salomon , Rand William , Velazquez Gabriel , Grunstein Lev
Published: March 2009

A 91-year-old man with advanced glaucoma, status post trabeculectomy, and pseudophakia had a symptomatic recurrent band and bullous keratopathy in his left eye. Three previous ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid chelations with immediate recurrence of the calcic band keratopathy with frequent breakdown produced recurrent painful corneal epithelial defects. The calcified lesions were removed surgically, resulting in a smooth ocular surface. An 8-mm, 100-micron trephination was performed and a 360° corneal lamellar peripheral dissection pocket was created. After covering the denuded corneal surface, the edges of the amniotic membrane were introduced into the pocket and secured using fibrin sealant. Additional amniotic membrane was glued to the nasal en temporal corneal areas and a collagen shield was applied. Wound healing was completed in 10 days and a stable ocular surface was restored without pain or inflammation. During the follow-up period, no recurrence of the band keratopathy was observed. This combined approach is a safe and effective alternative method for removal of recalcitrant calcium plaque when conventional therapies have failed, allowing the recovery of a stable ocular surface.
Multiple Ocular Abnormalities Associated with Trisomy 4p
Authors: Hong Samin , Kang Sung Yong , Seong Gong Je , Shin Joo Youn , Kim Chan Yun
Published: March 2009

Ocular features associated with trisomy 4p have rarely been described. The authors have experienced multiple ocular abnormalities (bilateral cataracts, posterior synechiae, and posterior segment changes) associated with this chromosomal abnormality. It was presumed that these intraocular findings might be associated with the previous inflammatory process. In the current case, the patient recovered some useful vision after surgical removal of cataracts and intraocular lens implantations in both eyes. A detailed ophthalmic examination for patients with the autosomal imbalance is recommended.
The Use of Intraoperative Fluoroscopy as an Aid for Removal of Radiopaque Intraorbital Foreign Bodies
Authors: Yoganathan Pradeepa , Conti Stephen M. , Kavalec Conrad
Published: March 2009

Two patients with orbital trauma and intraorbital foreign bodies, as seen on a computed tomography scan, were taken to the operating room to rule out occult ruptured globe with possible foreign body removal. The C-arm fluoroscopic unit was employed to obtain real-time images of the foreign body’s location in relation to the surgeon’s dissection tools and the foreign body was extracted with minimal dissection and operating time. When removal of a foreign body is warranted, intraoperative fluoroscopy can help reduce surgical time and orbital manipulation.
Surgical Management for Large Hypertropia and Exotropia After Disinsertion of Inferior Rectus Muscle
Authors: Hong Samin , Lee Seung Jae , Lee Hyung Keun , Seong Gong Je , Han Sueng-Han
Published: March 2009

A patient who developed a large hypertropia and exotropia following disinsertion of the inferior rectus muscle after a blowout fracture of the orbital floor showed good primary alignment and binocular single visual field after the following staged surgeries: (1) anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle, (2) superior rectus muscle recession, and (3) augmented inferior transposition of the horizontal recti muscles combined with recession–resection surgery.
Vitrectomy After Anti-Vegf Therapy for Epiretinal Membranes Coincident with Age-Related Subfoveal Choroidal Neovascularization
Authors: Luttrull Jeffrey K. , Spink Charles
Published: March 2009

Background and Objective:
To report the visual acuity results in a small case series of eyes undergoing membrane peeling for epiretinal membrane presenting with age-related subfoveal choroidal neovascularization.

Patients and Methods:
Retrospective chart review of all eyes undergoing vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane peeling after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection treatment for age-related subfoveal choroidal neovascularization presenting between February 2005 and January 2007 to a private vitreoretinal subspecialty practice.

Results:
Four eyes of four patients observed for 10–23 months (median = 20.5 months) were identified. All eyes presented with an angiographically ill-defined choroidal neovascular membrane and epiretinal membrane by optical coherence tomography. After anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, visual acuity improved 1 to 5 Snellen lines (median = 2 lines). After vitrectomy, visual acuity further improved 1 to 6 lines (median = 2 lines). Final visual acuity was unchanged in 1 eye and improved in 3 eyes, with an overall improvement of 0 to 7 Snellen lines (median = 3.5 lines) after 5 to 14 months (median = 8 months) of follow-up following the vitrectomy.

Conclusion:
In selected eyes presenting with epiretinal membrane and age-related subfoveal choroidal neovascularization after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling may offer further improvement in visual acuity.
Lensectomy Using a Bimanual Microincision Cataract Surgery Technique During Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: Byeon Suk Ho , Kwon Oh W.
Published: March 2009

Lens extraction during vitrectomy is sometimes necessary to obtain an adequate view of the retina. Currently, phacoemulsification through a clear corneal incision with implantation of a foldable intraocular lens has become the preferred technique for cataract extraction during pars plana vitrectomy. The authors described the technique of lensectomy using a bimanual microincisional cataract surgery technique during pars plana vitrectomy and insertion of the intraocular lens at the end of surgery, which has several advantages over conventional coaxial phacoemulsification procedures.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009;40:80–84.]
The Ring Sign in Patients With Pigment Epithelial Detachments
Authors: Hannan Shabeeba R. , Madhusudhana Krishnappa C. , Newsom Richard S. B.
Published: March 2009

Four patients with pigment epithelial detachment due to age-related macular degeneration underwent clinical examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan. A ring-shaped pattern on the fast retinal thickness maps of the OCT was observed for all of these patients with little central retinal thickness but increasing retinal thickness at the edge of the pigment epithelial detachment. The authors have coined the term “ring sign” to describe this pattern typically seen on the OCT scan in patients with pigment epithelial detachment with or without underlying choroidal neovascularization.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009;40:85–86.]
Resolution of Macular Edema in Idiopathic Juxtafoveal Telangiectasis Using PDT
Authors: Kotoula Maria G. , Chatzoulis Dimitrios Z. , Karabatsas Constantinos H. , Tsiloulis Aristoteles , Tsironi Evangelia E.
Published: March 2009

A 57-year-old woman was treated by photodynamic therapy for macular edema due to idiopathic juxtafoveal telangiectasis (presumed type 1A) without subretinal neovascularization. Initial visual acuity of the treated eye was 20/200 and it improved to 20/40 by 3 months after the photodynamic therapy session. Visual acuity remained stable 32 months after the treatment. Color photographs and fundus fluorescein angiography before and after photodynamic therapy revealed regression of hemorrhages, exudates, and fluorescein leakage. Photodynamic therapy has long-term benefits for the patient with idiopathic juxtafoveal telangiectasis, presumed type 1A, because it can improve visual acuity and macular edema.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009;40:65–67.]
Thirty-Two Month Follow-Up of Successful Treatment of Choroidal Neovascularization From Angioid Streaks With Intravitreal Bevacizumab
Authors: Kovach Jaclyn L. , Schwartz Stephen G. , Hickey Marcela , Puliafito Carmen A.
Published: March 2009

A patient presented with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization associated with angioid streaks and was treated with three intravitreal injections of off-label bevacizumab (1.25 mg) in the right eye. Visual acuity improved from 20/70 to 20/20 and remained at this level for 32 months. In certain patients with choroidal neovascularization from angioid streaks, intravitreal bevacizumab may produce normalization of visual acuity and macular anatomy for an extended period of time.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009;40:77–79.]
Clinical and Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Features in Iris Melanocytoma
Authors: Malandrini Alex , Mittica Vincenzo , Tosi Gian Marco , Paradiso Anna , Balestrazzi Angelo
Published: March 2009

The clinical and ultrasound biomicroscopic features of two cases of iris melanocytoma are evaluated. On ultrasound biomicroscopy examination, iris melanocytoma appears as a highly reflective nodular mass with a smooth or irregular surface and sharp and well-defined edges. Ultrasound biomicroscopy also allows clear visualization and measurement of the tumors. These findings were compared with clinical and histopatho-logic findings.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009;40:46–49.]
Presumed Vascular Traction-Associated Recurrence of Retinal Detachment in Patients With Myopic Macular Hole
Authors: Sayanagi Kaori , Oshima Yusuke , Ikuno Yasushi , Tano Yasuo
Published: March 2009

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-ophthalmoscopic examinations were consecutively performed in two patients with focal retinal redetachment despite previously successful repair of the myopic macular hole-related retinal detachment by vitrectomy with removal of the internal limiting membrane. A microfold developed on the redetached retinal surface in both eyes soon after surgery. C-scan analysis by OCT-ophthalmoscope showed that the retinal microfolds coincided with a retinal artery adjacent to the preexisting macular hole. OCT revealed the focal retinal detachment was most prominent beneath the retinal micro-fold in both study eyes and did not reach the macular hole in one eye. The retinal microfold was most marked at the initiation of the recurrence and then attenuated with the elevation of the detached retina. Inward vascular tractional force appearing as a retinal microfold can be a critical trigger of recurrent retinal detachment in patients with myopic macular hole.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009;40:60–64.]
The Pain Behaviors for Osteoarthritis Instrument for Cognitively Impaired Elders (PBOICIE)
Authors: Tsai Pao-Feng , Beck Cornelia , Richards Kathy C. , Phillips Linda , Roberson Paula K. , Evans Jane
Published: March 2009

Older adults with severe cognitive impairment have trouble responding to questions about their osteoarthritis knee or hip pain, which makes pain management difficult. Therefore, the Pain Behaviors for Osteoarthritis Instrument for Cognitively Impaired Elders (PBOICIE) was developed as an alternative. This article reports the development and psychometric testing of the PBOICIE in three studies. The 6-item PBOICIE was not associated with the Verbal Descriptor Scale but was significantly associated with Keefe’s method for observing pain behaviors in patients with knee osteoarthritis, with r= 0.36 to 0.55, indicating good concurrent validity. The 6-item PBOICIE was able to discriminate older adults’ pain behaviors before and after administration of an analgesic agent (2.9 ± 1.89 versus 1.97 ± 1.98; p < 0.001). This study has shown that multifaceted pain assessments are needed in older adults with osteoarthritis knee or hip pain, as the observed behaviors did not parallel but added information to verbal report.
Prediction of Brittle Failure of Notched Graphite and Silicon Nitride Bars
Authors: Gerguri S. , Fellows L.J. , Durodola J.F. , Fellows N.A. , Hutchinson A.R. , Dickerson T.
Published: March 2009

High stress gradients occur at metal-to-ceramic joints due to the different thermal and mechanical properties of the materials. In some cases, the magnitude of the highly localized stresses lead to failure thus compromising the structural integrity of such joints. The study of notched ceramic bars with high stress gradients can assist with the prediction of failure of metal ceramic joints. Experiments and fracture mechanics analysis were performed on notched and un-notched POCO E.D.M 3 graphite and AS800 Silicon Nitride bars with different notch parameters. The twoparameter, multi-axial Weibull statistics method and a brittle fracture criterion based on the average stress over an area approach were used to predict the failure of the bars and the results obtained were compared with experimental results. The brittle failure criterion appears to give much better correlation with experimental results than the multi-axial Weibull statistics approach. The findings
also appear to highlight the limitations of the Weibull’s statistics method in cases involving very high stress gradients.
The Effect of Crack-Tip Interactions on the Curve-Fitting of Isopachics
Authors: Worden Keith , Spencer Andrew , Dulieu-Barton Janice M.
Published: March 2009

Recent work by the authors has allowed the estimation of crack-tip SIFs by direct curvefitting of a cardioid form to measured isopachics from thermoelastic stress analysis. However, some of the curve-fits indicated that the cardioid form was inappropriate for the base model. One of the possible explanations for this is that the cardioid form is only suitable for an isolated crack-tip stress field. In the experimental data for the previous studies, a crack was placed centrally in a plate and there will therefore have been two (potentially) interacting crack-tips involved. The object of the current paper is to determine numerically, the stress field for such a crack system and to quantify the effect of any interactions on the curve-fitting procedure.
Industrial Applications of Thermoelastic Stress Analysis
Authors: Tomlinson Rachel A , Calvert G.C.
Published: March 2009

The advent of new thermoelastic stress analysis (TSA) technology has widened the industrial applications of the technique. Three case studies where data have been taken in previously inaccessible or unfeasible cases are presented. The case studies, taken from both the aerospace and automotive industries, will demonstrate the novelty of these applications and highlight the industrial advantages gained in terms of time saving and quality of results.
Bearing Load Measurements on a 3-Shaft Gas Turbine
Authors: Tipton Leighton P.J.
Published: March 2009

Axial location bearings are used to carry the load imbalance between the forward thrust of an aero-engine’s compressor and the rearwards drag of the turbine that drives the compressor’s rotation. The large gas turbines manufactured by Rolls-Royce have three independently rotating compressor/turbine stages, namely the low pressure (LP), the intermediate pressure (IP) and high pressure (HP) systems. The load imbalance, or bearing load, associated with each of these systems must be assessed during an engines development phase in order to confirm the reliability of the bearings throughout the operating life of the engine.
The methods employed by Rolls-Royce to quantify the bearing loads on their modern range of gas turbines are discussed, including the most recent technique using modified engine structures to act as load measuring devices. Particular note is given to the instrumentation techniques used to record the loads generated by the engine during sea level testing.
Long Term Underwater Strain Measurement on an Offshore Structure
Authors: Kleckers Thomas , Gittins Nick
Published: March 2009

A research wind energy platform was mounted in the northern sea. To understand the mechanical loading of this structure, over an extended period of time, a strain gauge installation capable of withstanding the rigorous underwater environment was required. Strain gauge measurements are made in a depth of 30m below sea level. Welding on the construction was prohibited. Development and testing of strain gauge protection system was completed to ensure the operation of strain gauge underwater for an extended period in the North Sea.
Procedures for Long Term Testing of Reinforced Concrete Tension Specimens
Authors: Scott R.H. , Beeby A.W.
Published: March 2009

Long term tension stiffening effects in beams and slabs were investigated by a
comprehensive series of laboratory tests on tension specimens together with a small number of slabs. Some tension specimens contained strain gauged rebars to obtain very detailed data concerning reinforcement strain distributions. The results indicated that tension stiffening decayed much more rapidly than was previously thought and the important implications of this finding on the current design rules for deflection control are indicated.
Stress Characteristics of Non-Axisymmetric Synthetic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Models: How Real are They?
Authors: Chaudhuri Arindam , Ansdell Leslie E. , Adiseshiah Mohan , Grass Anthony J.
Published: March 2009

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are abnormal aortic dilatations that are prone to rupture, with fatal consequences. Synthetic aneurysm models are being used to assess in vivo stress characteristics of aneurysms before and after surgical reinforcement. This study seeks to assess peak wall stress characteristics in a latex life- like model. A life-like non-axisymmetric latex AAA model, constructed from a 3D computed tomographic reconstruction of a real AAA, was incorporated into a pulsatile flow unit (PFU) to simulate the cardiac output. Strain gauges were placed at the neck (n= 2 x 3), inflection point (the junction of neck and sac, n=4 x 3) and maximum anteroposterior diameter (n=4 x 3). The arterial pressure settings used were 130/90 and 140/100mmHg, termed the low and high setting respectively. Strain readings were obtained at 10Hz over 30 seconds using a data logger. Stress was derived using the relationship between stress and Young’s modulus (E= 5.151872 Nmm-2). Peak wall stresses were statistically analysed over the two pressure settings using ANOVA in Minitab 13. The highest stresses were noted at the inflection point and not at the maximum diameter, as might have been expected. Peak inflection point stress anteriorly measured 394.69 (SD 218.1) x10-4 N/cm2 in the low setting, increasing to 715.39(SD 230.32) in the high setting (p<0.001). Posteriorly, peak wall stress measured as high as 373.61(SD207.24) x10-4 Ncm-2 in the low setting, and increased to 1053.32 (SD 347.01) x10-4 Ncm-2 in the high setting (p<0.001). High posterior stress conforms to in vivo studies. Peak wall stresses were not as high in the sac (range 35.08-204.98 x 10-4 Ncm-2 in the low setting and 54.66- 322.73 x 10-4 Ncm-2 in the high setting). An increase in blood pressure caused an increase only in the anterior and lateral, but not the posterior aspect of the sac (p<0.05). Abdominal aortic wall stress is highest at the inflection point, and is affected by blood pressure, which suggests that it is the area most likely to rupture and is critical to reinforcement of the AAA. These readings are lower than stress noticed in vivo due to the lower E of latex as compared to aneurysmal aorta, which structurally is primarily a multilaminate of elastin and collagen; however, the trends themselves may parallel those that occur in AAAs before and after endovascular or open grafting, and therefore justify artificial stress modelling of AAAs.
Predicting Hoop Tendon Behaviour in Pre-Stressed Concrete Containment Vessel
Authors: Prinja Nawal K. , Hessheimer Michael F. , Dameron Robert
Published: March 2009

This paper is based on the experimental and numerical analysis work carried out as part of an international round robin aimed to predict the limit load of the ¼ scale Pre-stressed Concrete Containment Vessel (PCCV) which was tested at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) in USA. The design pressure, Pd, for the PCCV was 0.39MPa. Pressurisation test was conducted causing global collapse of the PCCV structure, which occurred at the pressure of 1.423MPa (3.65 Pd). Displacements, loads and strains were monitored at 55 standard locations giving a unique opportunity to assess the accuracy and reliability in predicting failure modes and limit loads of PCCV structures. To simulate the inelastic response of the structure with extensive concrete cracking requires specialist numerical models and detailed geometric representation of the main structural features. One of the most important structural features was the prestressed hoop tendon system. The paper presents a brief explanation of the test, the instrumentation used to monitor the
tendon behaviour and describes the analytical models employed to predict the tendon behaviour.
Local Strain Distribution Produced by Warping: The Case of a Tail Rotor Blade of a Helicopter
Authors: Chiarelli Mario
Published: March 2009

Aircraft engineers in the design phase often use practical solutions and results of the
elementary theory of structures under the classical hypotheses assumed for shear, torsion and bending behaviour of structural elements that can be studied as "beams". This assumption, very powerful in general, under particular situations (for example: the modification of loading conditions in the development of new aircraft versions) can be inadequate to represent real distributions of stress and strain. This is particularly true when local behaviour of structures depends on secondary phenomena such as warping produced by non-uniform bending and torsion acting on structural elements with variable stiffness along their flexural axis. In this paper the results of analytical and experimental studies carried out for a metallic tail rotor blade of a helicopter are summarised; this research activity was born during a collaboration between the Department of Aerospace Engineering
of Pisa and an aeronautical industry. Local strain distributions under real loading conditions have been obtained by means of finite element analyses and by means of strain gauge measurements. To describe warping mechanisms accurately, also caused by the presence of a reinforcing plate of the blade structure, sub-modelling technique has been used and during a fatigue test, the blade was instrumented with an appropriate number of rosettes. Numerical and experimental results show,
with a good agreement, that local geometry of the blade and the severe loading condition produce a considerable increase of strains that elementary theory can not predict; moreover, numerical results and above all strain measurements have proved that local yielding of the material can occur during the service life with detrimental effects on the fatigue endurance of the tail rotor blade.
Mechanical Design Analysis and Test in Support of the Market Introduction of a New Vehicle
Authors: Cornish R.H. , Srai M. , Cowen P. , Welch M. , Daniels Mike
Published: March 2009

This paper reports results from a stress, acoustics and vibration investigation of the ride and driveline components of a new 2-seater sports car. The work was aimed at giving design assurance information to designers and vehicle engineers working to compressed timescales. The paper focuses on two particular areas: design of the power train for NVH refinement, and design analysis of a suspension wishbone.
In the first case, a dynamic model of drive shaft torsion effects was created to understand design relationships needed for high power, high torque performance car. In the second case, an investigation was made into the integrity of a suspension wishbone component when gauge thickness was reduced from 3 mm to 2 mm. The work described was carried out in a joint industry academic venture sponsored by Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP). It is from this background that the authors give some perspectives on vehicle development.
Visualisation Technique for Trabecular Architecture of Bone Using Ultrasound Signals
Authors: Nogata Fumio
Published: March 2009

We have proposed a new technique for visualising trabecular architecture of spongy bone using ultrasound A-mode signals from a transducer of medical ultrasound system. The technique can be established by finding a method to distinguish between bone and bone marrow. Firstly, the A-mode signal intensity was fitted by the form, A=A0exp(-ax), where A, A0, a, and x represent echo intensity, initial value of echo, attenuation factor, and distance, respectively. Then the curve was moved slightly downward or upward by multiplying with the coefficient k (0.9~1.2), and it was used as an index line to distinguish between bone and bone marrow. To clarify the validity of the proposed technique, we examined bovine bone specimen and a spongy-shaped specimen made by ceramics. The pixel size for creating architecture was 0.2 (width) × 0.15 (depth) mm for bone marrow and 0.2 × 0.3 mm for bone substance, and the pixel size differs due to the difference in wave speeds. The visualisation technique was capable to create an image size of ~10 mm depths from the surface of cortical bone. We also tried to visualise the heel bone.
A New Method for Costing of Quality Based on Business Rule in Manufacture
Authors: He T. , Qiao L.M. , Xu X.F. , Fu Y.L.
Published: March 2009

To reduce the complexity and difficulty of costing of quality of manufactures, a new
approach about the costing of quality including the method, structure, system and case study based
on the business process rule is proposed in the paper. Comparing with the traditional method, the
new idea can improve the performance of the costing of quality at the aspect of generalization,
customization, evolution and reconfiguration by establish the mapping among the user application,
the business rule and the business process.
Review of Knowledge Based Engineering with PLM
Authors: Ma Q.C. , Liu X.W.
Published: March 2009

This paper starts with an analysis of the need for knowledge based engineering (KBE) system based on typical domain-specific engineering products. It looks back the history of KBE and exams the general structure of KBE systems. It then reviews the current development, particularly the knowledge representation in a KBE system, followed by a discussion of the shortcomings regarding to the maintenance and excessive cost of integrations with other digital tools. Finally it recommends the characteristics of a genuine KBE system and the standardization of KBE applications, particularly the internal knowledge representation standards and knowledge-based system interface standards with CAx systems and PLM solutions.
The Design State Maturity Model for Collaboration between Design and Manufacturing
Authors: Zhao Y. , Mo Rong
Published: March 2009

The traditional series working mode can not make the outcome of product design process verified by activities of manufacturing domain in time, and the manufacturing process can not be executed concurrently. The purpose of this paper is to develop a method to solve the problem mentioned above. The connotation of the collaboration between design and manufacturing is studied firstly, and then the design state maturity model (DSMM) is proposed in this paper. Six levels of maturity are defined in this model, and every level can support the collaboration between design and manufacturing in different degree. Based on the design information required in the manufacturing process, the information included in each level is studied and particularized. Finally, the DSMM-based work process of collaboration between design and manufacturing is studied.
Research on Anti-Sway Control System for Overhead Crane Based on Single Neuron
Authors: Li W. , Yao J.S. , Li R.H.
Published: March 2009

During the operation of trolley crane systems, the anti-sway control of the suspended
load is always a key problem .Due to the uncertain properties of the trolley crane model, it is
difficult for the conventional PID controller to tune its parameters online, so it can not reduce the
swing effectively. In this paper, we design a control system based on single neuron controllers
which using single neuron controllers to control the swing motion. The computer simulation
results show that the single neuron controller has better adaptability and robustness than PID
controller in term of different rope length and load.
Research on Index Measurement Model of Early-Warning for Listed Companies in Shipbuilding Industry
Authors: Wei X.Z. , Wu J.M. , Wu R.
Published: March 2009

It is extremely essential to establish financial early-warning system for listed companies in
Chinese shipbuilding industry. Taking “Jiangnan Shipyard (Group) Co., Ltd” of shipbuilding
industry as an example, this paper testifies the validity of index measurement model of financial
early-warning, monitors its recent financial condition based on individual index and composite
index, and then analyzes the financial alarm degree.
Conceptual Design Method Based on Behavior Re-Creation
Authors: Miao H.B.
Published: March 2009

Conceptual design for the mechanical products is the most important and complex phase. Most of the human’s creativity is exhibited in this phase. So many researchers in the world have made researches on its theory and methodology. So far there exists an evident limitation for the modern conceptual design methodology. That is to say, the design scheme obtained form conceptual design is only one solution to the given design problem, which cannot guarantee the creativity and novelty of the design scheme. In order to improve the creativity of conceptual design, the re-creation process model for the intelligent conceptual design is presented in this paper based on function-behavior-structure model. This model expanded the problem’s solution space by degrading the space of behavior and granularity, and describing the behavior space using the more basic behavior. The key of re-creation process model is the transformation of behavior and granularity space. Taking the theory of quotient space as the math description tool, the transformation for the space of behavior and granularity is studied in detail in this paper. At last, an example is given to prove that it is easy to obtain the novel and creative design scheme applying the method presented in this paper.
A XML-Based Distributed Workflow Modeling Tools
Authors: Wang G.Q. , Wang G. , Lv Min
Published: March 2009

Most of workflow management systems in the market are based on centralized defining
in the organization. Further more, they have poor ability to describe the complex process, and have
difficulty to deal with the business process share between cross-organizations. To support virtual
and cross-organizational workflows in distributed environment, WfMSs must realize
cross-organizational and distributed management to improve the dependability and extensible etc.
To solve these issues, a Web-based lightweight process modeling system has been developed in this
paper. This system is based on Java and XML technology, and provides friendly GUI which is easy
to be used. The model document can be saved in XML format, so the interoperation between
different workflow products becomes easy. This system establishes the base for enacting the
WfMSs.
Customer-Centric Strategy for E-Manufacturing in Apparel Industry
Authors: Qin Sheng Feng , Lagoudakis Emmanouil , Kang Qing Ping , Cheng Kai
Published: March 2009

This paper presents a customer-centric strategy for e-manufacturing in apparel
industry. This strategy integrates 3D body scanning and 3D visualising techniques to
allow automatic pattern alterations, based not only on human body measurements, but also
on the fabrics’ dynamic properties and features. The 3D virtual try-on integration will
actually present the exact idolised avatar of the customer virtually dressed. Scan data and
patterns will be automatically transferred through ERP web-enabled interfaces direct to the
enterprise’s manufacturing operations and facilities, and will be stored separately for each
customer in order to create its ID profile which will be applicable for future purchases or
reorders.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation for Single Crystal Aluminum Nano-Indentation Effect by Indenter Radius
Authors: Zhu Y. , Zhou L. , Yao Ying Xue , Kang Gui Wen
Published: March 2009

Three dimension indenter model was established to replace the ideal shape indenter model in the study of nano-indentation simulation. The limitation of short of comparing to actual condition can be solved. Single crystal aluminum surface nano-indentation on the condition of arc indenter is researched by molecular dynamic simulation. The influences of different arc radius of indenter head to testing results are discussed and compared to experiment results. The results show that The measured hardness value increases with indenter head arc radius on the same indentation depth condition. With the increase of indentation depth, the difference between measured results with changed indenter head arc radius reduces gradually. When the indentation depth increase to a certain value, the arc effect of indenter head could be ignored, the measurement will be invariable.
Pipe-Routing Algorithm for Pipelines with Branches
Authors: Feng H.B. , Fu Y.L. , Li R.
Published: March 2009

This paper presents an automatic pipe-routing algorithm for pipelines with branches in an
electromechanical product. The algorithm uses chaos theory to establish the chaos grid
pre-processing model (CGPM) that can efficiently pick up solution space and reduce the search
range. A novel particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is developed to seek for an
approximate optimal trajectory in the solution space. Experiments show that the modified PSO
algorithm is effective and efficient. The examples demonstrate that the automatic pipe-routing
algorithm is effective and practical for pipelines with branches.
Virtual Assembly System for Large-Scale Complex Products
Authors: Lang Yue Dong , Yao Ying Xue , Xia Ping Jun , Li J.G.
Published: March 2009

Due to complex process and high difficult operation for large-scale products assembly, the application of virtual assembly (VA) has an important significance and also an actual value. In this paper the key techniques of VA for large-scale complex products are proposed, and their assembly characteristics (such as their organization form, human participation, process planning and optimization and so on) are analyzed. First, a new virtual environment (VE) system considering human activities is set up. Second, an integration approach is realized to transform data from CAD to VA system, and a hybrid method on the basis of virtual reality (VR) and intelligent algorithm is applied to optimize and evaluate assembly process planning. Moreover, assembly documents generation and Web training for assembly workers are implemented. Finally, an application case of the VA system for a complex product is given, and further work is pointed out.
Design of Displacement Measuring System for Nano-Hardness Test Device
Authors: Liu Qiang , Yao Ying Xue , Zhou L.
Published: March 2009

Nano-hardness test device has the ability to make the load-displacement measurement
with sub-nanometer indentation depth sensitivity, and the nanohardness of the material can be got
from the load-displacement curve by Oliver-Pharr method. In order to measure the small
displacement accurately, we designed a capacitive displacement measuring system. This
capacitance micrometer has a resolution of 0.1nm, and is suitable for our nano-hardness test device.
Research on a New Nanohardness Test Device
Authors: Liu Qiang , Yao Ying Xue , Zhou L.
Published: March 2009

Nanoindentation has become the main method to obtain the micro- characteristic of
materials by now. Nanoindentation device has the ability to make the load-displacement
measurement with sub-nanometer indentation depth sensitivity, and the nanohardness of the
material can be achieved by the load-displacement curve. The article discusses a new convenient
nanohardness testing device, and approves its practicability and reliability by taking the indentation
experiment on single-crystal aluminum.
A Cluster-Based Wavelet Feature Extraction Method for Machine Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Yu Gang , Li Chang Ning , Kamarthi Sagar
Published: March 2009

In this paper, a cluster-based feature extraction from the coefficients of discrete wavelet transform is proposed for machine fault diagnosis. The proposed approach first divides the matrix of wavelet coefficients into clusters that are centered around the discriminative coefficient positions identified by an unsupervised procedure based on the entropy value of coefficients from a set of representative signals. The features that contain the informative attributes of the signals are computed from the energy content of so obtained clusters. Then machine faults are diagnosed based on these feature vectors using a neural network. The experimental results from the application on bearing fault diagnosis have shown that the proposed approach is able to effectively extract important intrinsic information content of the test signals, and increase the overall fault diagnostic accuracy as compared to conventional methods.
The Design of Software Platform of Data Transformation and Integration Based on J2EE Technology
Authors: Ge Jiang Hua , Gao Guo An , Wang Ya Ping , Zhou Chang Bao
Published: March 2009

It conceived the concept of data whole-life management in the environment of enterprise
integration. Facing many different data storage systems and data types, and different storage
formats of one kind of data, it designs an extensible and function-open system integration platform
based on J2EE technology. Through its intelligent management of data storage system, the system
shields the different storage systems from its ultimate users. And through the function models with
the functionality of transforming data stored in one format into the one stored in another format
deployed onto it, the system can manage different storage formats and make them transparent to
users and realizes Data Transformation Management. Through the universal format described in
XML transformed from other different formats by function models, it makes the internal structure
of one data ventilate to the out world and realizes Data Integration, as the basis of Business
Integration.
A Study of Cutting State Monitoring System Based on Virtual Instrument
Authors: Wu Chun Ya , Liu Xian Li , Wang Yi Wen , Wang P. , Wang Yu
Published: March 2009

This study takes virtual instrument technology as the development platform to complete data acquisition, pre-processing, analysis and database storage for three orthogonal components of a cutting force and the corresponding cutting temperature. Simultaneously, single-factor experimentation is adopted to establish empirical formulas of these cutting state parameters for further check analysis. Hence real-time monitoring of cutting process can be implemented to represent cutting-tool wear, failure and rationality of parameter selection in cutting state.
Depth Control Method of AFM-Based Nanomachining with Diamond Tip in Deflection Mode
Authors: Hu Zhen Jiang , Yan Yong Da , Sun Tao , Dong Shen , Zhao Z.Z.
Published: March 2009

The equations correlated the normal load and the tip penetration depth were derived
through the theoretical analysis of the penetration process of the diamond tip. Verified by
experiments, the equations can reflect the penetration process of the scratching machining system
and provide theoretical basis for the optimization of depth control algorithm. The control of
scratching depth realized in AFM deflection mode can effectively restrain the system drift during
scratching process.
Research on Wear Behavior of Tools while Infeed Cutting Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) with Ceramic Tools
Authors: Guo Xu Hong , Liu G. , Su G.S.
Published: March 2009

Cutting tests had been done on the Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) with ceramic cutting
tools. The wear shape of the cutting tool’s surface was observed by the Scanning Electron
Microscope (SEM). The micro-wear area of the tools was analyzed with energy spectrum. Study on
wear shape and wear mechanisms were done when infeed cutting ADI. The result shows that: the
cutting speed is an important factor to the tool wear when infeed cutting ADI with CC650 tool, and
with the increase of the cutting speed, the wear value of cutting tool increases obviously. The flank
of cutting tool (CC650) has wear land of definite width during cutting, and shows obvious abrasive
wear. The crate wear shape of rake face is almost joined to major cutting edge, it is different from
the typical crate shape of rake face. Elements Fe, Si and Mg in ADI material diffuses to the surface
of cutting tools (CC650) after cutting, the diffusion exacerbates the wear of cutting tools, and the
diffusion degree of rake face is larger than that of flank, abrasive wear, adhesive wear and diffusive
wear is chief reasons for tools wear.