bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing the Skill of Random Forest Emulators for Physical Parameterizations via a Hierarchy of Simple CAM6 Configurations
Authors: Limon Garrett C , Jablonowski Christiane
Published: June 2023

Machine learning approaches, such as random forests, have been used to
effectively emulate various aspects of climate and weather models in
recent years. The limitations to these approaches are not yet known,
particularly with regards to varying complexity of the underlying
physical parameterization scheme within the climate model. Utilizing a
hierarchy of model configurations, we explore the limits of random
forest emulator skill using simplified model frameworks within NCAR’s
Community Atmosphere Model, version 6 (CAM6). These include a dry CAM6
configuration, a moist extension of the dry model, and an extension of
the moist case that includes an additional convection scheme. Each model
configuration is run with identical resolution and over the same time
period. With unique random forests being optimized for each tendency or
precipitation rate across the hierarchy, we create a variety of “best
case” emulators. The random forest emulators are then evaluated against
the CAM6 output as well as a baseline neural network emulator for
completeness All emulators show significant skill when compared to the
“truth” (CAM6), often in line with or exceeding similar approaches
within the literature. In addition, as the CAM6 complexity is increased,
the random forest skill noticeably decreases, regardless of the
extensive tuning and training process each random forest goes through.
This indicates a limit on the feasibility of random forests to act as
physics emulators in climate models and encourages further exploration
in order to identify ideal uses in the context of state-of-the-art
climate model configurations.
Recent advances in enzymatic biofuel cells enabled by innovative materials and techniques
Authors: Huang Wengang , Zulkifli Muhammad Yazid Bin , Chai Milton , Lin Rijia , Wang Jingjing , Chen Yuelei , Chen Vicki , Hou Jingwei
Published: June 2023

The past few decades have seen increasingly rapid advances in the field of sustainable energy technologies. As a new bio‐ and eco‐friendly energy source, enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) have garnered significant research interest due to their capacity to power implantable bioelectronics, portable devices, and biosensors by utilizing biomass as fuel under mild circumstances. Nonetheless, numerous obstacles impeded the commercialization of EBFCs, including their relatively modest power output and poor long‐term stability of enzymes. To depict the current progress of EBFC and address the challenges it faces, this review traces back the evolution of EBFC and focuses on contemporary advances such as newly emerged multi or single enzyme systems, various porous framework‐enzyme composites techniques, and innovative applications. Besides emphasizing current achievements in this field, from our perspective part we also introduced novel electrode and cell design for highly effective EBFC fabrication. We believe this review will assist readers in comprehending the basic research and applications of EBFCs as well as potentially spark interdisciplinary collaboration for addressing the pressing issues in this field.
Technological, nutritional, and biological properties of apricot kernel protein hydrolyzates affected by various commercial proteases
Authors: Sarabandi Khashayar , Mohammadi Maryam , Akbarbaglu Zahra , Ghorbani Marjan , Najafi Shahla , Safaeian Laein Sara , Jafari Seid Mahdi
Published: June 2023

The effect of enzymatic hydrolysis of apricot kernel protein with different proteases (Alcalase, pancreatin, pepsin, and trypsin) on the amino acid content, degree of hydrolysis (DH), antioxidant, and antibacterial characteristics of the resulting hydrolyzates was investigated in this study. The composition of amino acids (hydrophobic: ~35%; antioxidant: ~13%), EAA/TAA ratio (~34%), and PER index (~1.85) indicates the ability of the hydrolyzate as a source of nutrients and antioxidants with high digestibility. Enzymatic hydrolysis with increasing DH (from 3.1 to a maximum of 37.9%) led to improved solubility (especially in the isoelectric range) and changes in water‐ and oil‐holding capacity. The highest free radical scavenging activity of DPPH (83.3%), ABTS (88.1%), TEAC (2.38 mM), OH (72.5%), NO (65.7%), antioxidant activity in emulsion and formation of TBARS (0.36 mg MDA/L), total antioxidant (1.61), reducing power (1.17), chelation of iron (87.7%), copper (34.8%) ions, and inhibition of the growth of Escherichia coli (16.3 mm) and Bacillus cereus (15.4 mm) were affected by the type of enzymes (especially Alcalase). This research showed that apricot kernel hydrolyzate could serve as a nutrient source, emulsifier, stabilizer, antioxidant, and natural antibacterial agent in functional food formulations.
Tunnelling impacts and mitigation on existing structures for Bangkok MRT Orange Line
Authors: Duangsano Ochok , Yensri Phatharaphong , Chayaroon Arthit , Timpong Sahaphol , Jongpradist Pornkasem
Published: June 2023

The Bangkok MRT Orange Line East Project consists of 6 km long twin tunnels and seven stations. The tunnel alignment runs along one of the most congested road corridors of the city. Due to adverse conditions of limited road right of way, obstructions from existing structures such as buildings, infrastructure, tunnels, and other utilities, the design and construction of the tunnel require careful consideration and implementation of excavation works to limit excessive ground movements and mitigate the potential impacts on existing structures. This article presents the concepts and procedures in detail on assessing the impact on each type of adjacent structure due to tunnel construction which contribute to the successful completion of the MRT Orange Line Project. Additionally, some mitigation measures for critical cases are highlighted.
Fluctuations of continental chemical weathering control primary productivity and redox conditions during the Earliest Cambrian
Authors: Zhao Kun , Zhu Guangyou , Li Tingting , Chen Zhiyong , Li Songzhuo
Published: June 2023

The Ediacaran – Cambrian transition witnessed dramatic changes in the marine environment that are thought to have strongly influenced biological evolution. Previous studies have linked biological innovations to palaeo‐redox changes and suggested that increased productivity is the primary driver of the marine environment. However, the primary productivity and redox control mechanism still need to be clarified. Here, we present new organic carbon isotopes, total organic carbon contents, major elements, and trace and rare earth elements in drill‐core ZK107 from South China to reveal the continental chemical weathering, primary productivity, and redox control mechanism during the Earliest Cambrian (E‐C). Our studies have shown intense continental weathering, and primary productivity fluctuations that were supported by weathering (CIA, Rb/Al) and productivity (Babio, P) indicators. Additionally, the quantitative reconstructed productivity proxies (PP18, PP21, PP23) indicate a high primary productivity level in the E‐C ocean, surpassing that of the modern oceans. The strengthening of continental weathering mainly causes high primary productivity because it can alter the nutrient supply to the oceans. We suggest that changes in primary productivity closely associated with continental weathering are the leading cause of marine anoxia during the E‐C. This study establish a linkage between the land and marine system during the E‐C, confirming the terrestrial controls on the marine chemical changes and providing new insights into understanding the evolution of the Earth's surface changes during the Ediacaran – Cambrian transition.
Spontaneous and multifaceted ATP release from astrocytes at the scale of hundreds of synapses
Authors: Hatashita Yoshiki , Wu Zhaofa , Fujita Hirotaka , Kumamoto Takuma , Livet Jean , Li Yulong , Tanifuji Manabu , Inoue Takafumi
Published: June 2023

Astrocytes participate in information processing by releasing neuroactive substances termed gliotransmitters, including ATP. Individual astrocytes come into contact with thousands of synapses with their ramified structure, but the spatiotemporal dynamics of ATP gliotransmission remains unclear, especially in physiological brain tissue. Using a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor, GRABATP1.0, we discovered that extracellular ATP increased locally and transiently in absence of stimuli in neuron–glia co‐cultures, cortical slices, and the anesthetized mouse brain. Spontaneous ATP release events were tetrodotoxin‐insensitive but suppressed by gliotoxin, fluorocitrate, and typically spread over 50–250 μm2 area at concentrations capable of activating purinergic receptors. Besides, most ATP events did not coincide with Ca2+ transients, and intracellular Ca2+ buffering with BAPTA‐AM did not affect ATP event frequency. Clustering analysis revealed that these events followed multiple distinct kinetics, and blockade of exocytosis only decreased a minor group of slow events. Overall, astrocytes spontaneously release ATP through multiple mechanisms, mainly in non‐vesicular and Ca2+‐independent manners, thus potentially regulating hundreds of synapses all together.
A systematic review on prognostic factors and models for changes in quality of life and depressive symptoms after multi‐domain cognitive training in healthy older adults: Who benefits?
Authors: Liebermann‐Jordanidis Hannah , Roheger Mandy , Folkerts Ann‐Kristin , Alfter Annegret , Krohm Fabian , Adams Anne , Kalbe Elke
Published: June 2023

Background

As we age, cognitive abilities decline which can lead to a decrease in quality of life (QoL) and an increase in depressive symptoms even in healthy (i.e., non‐clinical) older adults. Cognitive trainings (CT) are a promising approach to not only improve cognition, but also QoL and mood. However, it is unclear which prognostic factors are associated with changes in QoL and depression after CT.

Objective

To identify prognostic factors and models of changes in QoL and depressive symptoms after a multi‐domain CT in healthy older adults.

Methods

MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, CENTRAL and PsycInfo were systematically searched for multi‐domain CT studies in healthy older adults until August 2022. Studies investigating prognostic factors and/or models on QoL and depressive symptoms were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the QUIPS and the PROBAST tool.

Results

Our search revealed N = 12,916 studies, of which only 6 could be included in the review. Prognostic factors included were sociodemographics, cognitive reserve, cognitive baseline level, and cognitive change. However, data were too rare and heterogenous regarding the assessment measures of QoL and depressive scores, the used multi‐domain CT and the investigated prognostic factors to draw clear conclusions or conduct meta‐analyses.

Conclusion

There is an urgent need for research on prognostic factors and models of changes in QoL and depressive symptoms after CT in healthy older participants as they could help to tailor interventions to individuals in terms of future precision medicine approaches.
The burden of ocular morbidities among elderly patients visiting a district healthcare facility in Malawi: A retrospective study
Authors: Banda Owen , Mzumara Thokozani , Ogbonna Grace
Published: June 2023

Background

The population of older adults is growing dramatically. Sadly, this populace is highly prone to develop various ocular morbidities, which if left unattended can lead to blindness.

Aim

To determine the distribution of ocular morbidities among older adults at a secondary hospital in Malawi.

Methods

This was a retrospective cross‐sectional study conducted at Mzimba North District Hospital in Malawi. We retrieved 314 patient records from the hospital's ophthalmic outpatient registry from August 2020 to July 2022 using a nonprobability census sampling technique. Data entry and analysis were done employing SPSS (v.26).

Results

More females 164 (52.2%) than males 150 (47.8%) had ocular morbidities. Cataract 108 (34.4%) was the most common ocular morbidity followed by allergic conjunctivitis 104 (33.1%), then pingueculae 44 (14%), and glaucoma 8 (2.5%) Cataract showed a statistically significant difference between males and females (p < 0.05). And Glaucoma portrayed a statistically significant variation according to age groups (p < 0.05). According to the time of the year, most cases were attended to in March compared to August.

Conclusion

The majority of blinding conditions among the elderly in Malawi are preventable similar to other geographical settings. Therefore, it is feasible to enhance the quality of life for senior Malawians and lessen the impact of blindness on individuals, families, and communities by addressing preventable causes of blindness through focused interventions.
Invisible illness: The consequences of limited health insurance in Africa
Authors: Nicholas Aderinto , Deji Olatunji
Published: June 2023

Background

Limited health insurance coverage in Africa poses a significant challenge, impeding access to quality healthcare for millions of individuals.

Methods

This paper synthesizes information from existing literature and research on the topic of limited health insurance coverage in Africa. The identified consequences and root causes are presented in a structured format.

Results

The consequences of limited health insurance coverage in Africa include increased financial burden on households, decreased access to health services, and inadequate coverage for essential health services. These consequences contribute to reduced utilization of healthcare services and negative health outcomes, including the deterioration of existing health conditions and the development of new health problems. The financial burden is particularly significant due to high poverty rates in Africa, forcing households to pay for healthcare services out of pocket and leading to considerable financial strain and even financial ruin. Additionally, limited health insurance coverage restricts access to necessary health services, resulting in delayed treatment, missed diagnoses, and poor health outcomes.

Conclusion

The root causes of limited health insurance coverage in Africa are multifaceted and include factors such as poverty, lack of government support, and limited private‐sector involvement. These systemic issues contribute to the persistence of inadequate health insurance coverage and hinder efforts to improve access to quality healthcare for African populations.
Alterations in lipid and hormonal titers in patients with acne and their relationship with severity: A case‐control study
Authors: Mohammed Ghada Farouk , Al‐Dhubaibi Mohammed Saleh , Bahaj Saleh Salem , AbdElneam Ahmed Ibrahim
Published: June 2023

Background and Aims

Acne is a frequently diagnosed skin condition that causes pilosebaceous apparatus clogs and/or inflammatory responses in the majority of teenagers. It is a multifactorial disease that can develop due to various factors. We aimed to evaluate lipid profiles and hormonal levels in patients with acne and correlate them to acne severity. We also aim to explore the alteration of lipid profiles and hormonal levels and their effect on the occurrence of acne.

Methods

A case‐control study was performed on 100 individuals with acne vulgaris and 100 healthy controls. The biochemical analysis included; lipid profiles such as triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), and hormonal levels such as estradiol (E), total testosterone (TT), and free testosterone (FT) were measured for both patients and controls.

Results

Comparison between patients with acne and controls disclosed that; TC, TG, LDL‐C, and HDL‐C levels were significantly higher in patients, especially when compared to controls (p ≤ 0.05); also, the same results were found in hormonal levels results (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion

These altered lipid profiles and androgen levels should be considered in the pathophysiology of acne and taken into consideration when treating patients with acne.
Multiple slip impacts on unsteady MHD micropolar fluid past a stretching sheet with non‐Darcy porous medium and uneven heat source/sink
Authors: Kanimozhi N. , Vijayaragavan R. , Karthikeyan S.
Published: June 2023

The major scope of this research is to scrutinize the effects of multiple slips on unstable magnetohydrodynamic micropolar fluid past a stretched sheet with a non‐Darcy porous medium. In the momentum equation, the non‐Darcy porous medium effect is also taken into consideration. The effects of uneven heat source/sink and thermal radiation in the energy equation are also analyzed. By implementing the similarity transmission, the mathematical modeling of the set of managing partial differential equations is reframed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. These equations are numerically solved by applying Matlab built‐in solver bvp5c. The implications of foremost parameters such as micropolar parameter, magnetic parameter, permeability parameter, Prandtl, Eckert, and Schmidt numbers, Chemical reaction, slip parameters on velocity, microrotation, temperature as well as concentration profiles are displayed pictorially and explained. It is worthwhile to mention that the improving values of micropolar parameter escalate the velocity as well as microrotation profiles. However, the upsurge in non‐Darcy porous medium will cause a declining nature in the velocity profile. Also, an enhancement in the unsteadiness parameter brings about a lessening in all the profiles. Increment in all the three usual slip parameters will bring a declining nature in the respective profiles. An increase in Schmidt number will give a deduction nature in velocity as well as concentration profile. Moreover, the physical quantities are defined and Nusselt numbers are formulated in the table, and it enlarges while boosting up and , whilst a reverse nature is noticed for others. This present study compared with the earlier studies in special cases holds a better agreement.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the hospital attendance of patients with primary cervical cancer in Heilongjiang, China
Authors: Qi Lei , Wang Mingxing , Jia Yuehui , Wang Yuanyuan , Xue Liangfang , Du Linlin , Hao Shuxiu , Su Shengqi , Wang Ruixiang , Sun Huixin , Feng Chen , Li Guijin , Zeng Qingyu , Lv Cunqi , Li Jiacheng , Li Qi , Zhang Yunyan , Wang Tong
Published: June 2023

Information regarding the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on cervical cancer in mainland China is lacking. We explored its impact on the hospital attendance of patients with primary cervical cancer. We included 1918 patients with primary cervical cancer who initially attended Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital between January 23, 2019, and January 23, 2021. Attendance decreased by 31%, from 1135 in 2019 to 783 in 2020, mainly from January to June (𝜒2 = 73.362, P < .001). The percentage of patients detected by screening decreased from 12.1% in January‐June 2019 to 5.8% in January‐June 2020 (𝜒2 = 7.187, P = .007). Patients with stage I accounted for 28.4% in 2020 significantly lower than 36.6% in 2019 (𝜒2 = 14.085, P < .001), and patients with stage III accounted for 27.1% in 2020 significantly higher than 20.5% in 2019 (𝜒2 = 11.145, P < .001). Waiting time for treatment was extended from 8 days (median) in January‐June and July‐December 2019 to 16 days in January‐June (𝜒2 = 74.674, P < .001) and 12 days in July‐December 2020 (𝜒2 = 37.916, P < .001). Of the 179 patients who delayed treatment, 164 (91.6%) were for the reasons of the healthcare providers. Compared to 2019, the number of patients in Harbin or non‐Harbin in Heilongjiang Province and outside the province decreased, and cross‐regional medical treatment has been hindered. The COVID‐19 pandemic has negatively impacted cervical cancer patient attendance at the initial phase. These results are solid evidence that a strategy and mechanism for the effective attendance of cervical cancer patients in response to public health emergencies is urgently needed.
Comparing a modified simple‐conditional with the conditional‐only methods in teaching Chinese children with autism
Authors: Yuan Chengan , Deng Xiaolei , Zhu Jing , Wang Chongying
Published: June 2023

Instruction in auditory–visual conditional discriminations for young children with autism spectrum disorder is typically based on either a conditional‐only or a simple‐conditional method. In this study, we evaluated a modified simple‐conditional method in which we removed the steps for which visual comparisons were presented in isolation. We compared this modified simple‐conditional method with the conditional‐only method when teaching auditory–visual conditional discriminations to six young Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder. We included two efficiency measures: total sessions and time to mastery. Our results replicated the findings of previous research in that both methods were efficacious for all but one participant. Although efficacy outcomes were similar across methods, the conditional‐only method was more efficient across participants according to sessions and time to mastery. Thus, the results add to support for the use of the conditional‐only method to teach auditory–visual conditional discriminations.
Laser speckle contrast imaging based on spatial frequency domain filtering
Authors: Zhai Linjun , Du Yongzhao , Fu Yuqing , Wu Xunxun
Published: June 2023

We proposed a novel method to separate static and dynamic speckles based on spatial frequency domain filtering. First, the raw speckle image sequence is processed frame by frame through 2D Fourier transform, low‐pass and high‐pass filtering in the spatial frequency domain, and inverse Fourier transform. Then, we can obtain low‐ and high‐frequency image sequences in the spatial domain. Second, we averaged both sequences in the time domain. After the above processing, we obtain the mean intensities of the dynamic and static speckle components in the spatial domain. Finally, we calculated the time‐averaged modulation depth to map the 2‐D blood flow distribution. Both phantom and vivo experiments demonstrated that the proposed method could effectively suppress the background non‐uniformity and has the advantage of high computational efficiency. It also can effectively improve image contrast, contrast‐to‐noise ratio, and imaging dynamic range.
Total, Unbound, Renal, and Hepatic Clearances of Raltegravir and the Formation and Elimination Clearances of Raltegravir Glucuronide in Pregnant Women
Authors: Moreira Fernanda de Lima , Paz Tiago Antunes , Melli Patrícia Pereira dos Santos , Thomaz Matheus de Lucca , Marques Maria Paula , Rocha Adriana , Duarte Geraldo , Lanchote Vera Lucia
Published: June 2023

This work aimed to evaluate the total, unbound, renal, and hepatic clearances of raltegravir (RAL) and the formation and elimination clearances of raltegravir glucuronide (RAL GLU) in pregnant women living with HIV. The participants received RAL 400 mg twice daily during the third trimester (n = 15) of gestation, delivery (n = 15), and the postpartum period (n = 8). Pharmacokinetic parameter values were calculated on the basis of plasma and urine data using noncompartmental methods. RAL clearances for the third trimester of gestation were as follows: total clearance: geometric mean, 63.63 L/h (95% CI, 47.5–85.25); renal clearance: geometric mean, 2.56 L/h (95% CI, 1.96–3.34); hepatic clearance: geometric mean, 60.52 L/h (95% CI, 44.65–82.04); and unbound clearance: geometric mean, 281.14 L/h (95% CI, 203.68–388.05). RAL GLU formation and elimination clearances for the third trimester of gestation were 7.57 L/h (95% CI, 4.94–11.6) and 8.71 L/h (95% CI, 6.71‐11.32), respectively. No differences were observed in RAL GLU pharmacokinetic parameters between the third trimester of gestation and the postpartum period, except for higher formation (7.57 vs 4.03 L/h) and elimination (8.71 vs 4.92 L/h) clearances during the third trimester. The findings based on plasma and urine data are consistent with an increase in the hepatic uridine 5′ diphospho‐glucuronosyltransferase isoenzymes activities involved in RAL metabolism during pregnancy, and the formation of RAL GLU is a minor route of RAL elimination. Compared to the postpartum period, in the third trimester of gestation, the similar RAL plasma exposure in pregnant women reinforces the maintenance of an RAL regimen including a 400‐mg oral dose twice daily during pregnancy.
Comprehensive analysis on the diagnostic role of circulatory exosome‐based miR‐92a‐3p for osteoblastic metastases in prostate adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ashok Gayathri , Das Rohini , Anbarasu Anand , Ramaiah Sudha
Published: June 2023

Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is the second leading cause of death in men and the key factor that attributes to the severity and higher mortality rates is the tumor's ability to promote osteoblastic metastases (OM). Currently, no blood‐based biomarkers are present that bridges the crosstalk between PRAD and OM progression. Conversely, circulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) are gaining interest among the scientific community for its potential as blood‐based markers for cancer detection. Using computational pipeline, this study screened exosome‐based miRNA that is functionally regulating OM in PRAD. We retrieved the expression profile of miRNA, mRNA from PRAD microarray, and RNA‐Seq samples deposited in global repositories and identified the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and differentially expressed genes. Thereafter, the average expression of the miRNAs was identified in extracellular vesicle specifically in exosomes. Survival analysis and clinical profiling identified functionally significant miR‐92a‐3p to be a key factor in OM. This was further examined by the interactions with various noncoding RNA elements, transcription factors, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and protein kinases regulated by miR‐92a‐3p. Identifying the expression pattern, nodal metastasis, Gleason score, and hazard ratio deciphered the critical role of the targets regulated by miR‐92a‐3p. Further, binding association analyzed through energy, seed match and accessibility showed the miRNA‐targets involved in cytokine, TGF‐β, and Wnt signaling having close regulatory role in promoting OM. Our findings highlight the potent role of miR‐92a‐3p as blood‐based diagnostic biomarker for OM. The comprehensive insights from our study can be elemental in designing diagnostic biomarker for PRAD.
Quantification of Cerebral Glucose Concentrations via Detection of the H1‐α‐Glucose Peak in 1H MRS at 7 T
Authors: Kuribayashi Hideto , Urushibata Yuta , Imai Hirohiko , Ahn Sinyeob , Seethamraju Ravi Teja , Isa Tadashi , Okada Tomohisa
Published: June 2023

Background

Sensitive detection and quantification of cerebral glucose is desired.

Purpose

To quantify cerebral glucose by detecting the H1‐α‐glucose peak at 5.23 ppm in 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7 T.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Twenty‐eight non‐fasted healthy subjects (aged 20–28 years).

Field Strength/Sequence

Short echo time stimulated echo acquisition mode (short‐TE STEAM) and semi‐localized by adiabatic selective refocusing (semi‐LASER) at 7 T.

Assessment

Single voxel spectra were obtained from the posterior cingulate cortex (27‐mL) using a 32‐channel head coil. The H1‐α‐glucose peak in the spectrum with retrospective removal of the residual water peak was fitted using LCModel with a glucose basis set of only the H1‐α‐glucose peak. Conventional spectral analysis was performed with a glucose basis set of a full spectral pattern of glucose, also. Fitting precision was evaluated with Cramér‐Rao lower bounds (CRLBs). The repeatability of glucose quantification via the semi‐LASER sequence was tested.

Statistical Tests

Paired or Welch's t‐test were used for normally distributed values. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant. The repeatability of measures was analyzed using coefficient of variation (CV).

Results

Removal of the residual water peak improved the flatness and stability of baselines around the H1‐α‐glucose peak and reduced CRLBs for fitting the H1‐α‐glucose peak. The semi‐LASER sequence was superior to the short‐TE STEAM in the higher signal‐to‐noise ratio of the H1‐α‐glucose peak (mean ± SD 7.9 ± 2.5, P < 0.001). The conventional analysis overfitted the H1‐α‐glucose peak. The individual CVs of glucose quantification by detecting the H1‐α‐glucose peak were smaller than the corresponding CRLBs.

Data Conclusion

Cerebral glucose concentration is quantitated to be 1.07 mM by detecting the H1‐α‐glucose peak in the semi‐LASER spectra. Despite requiring long scan times, detecting the H1‐α‐glucose peak allows true glucose quantification free from the influence of overlapping taurine and macromolecule signals.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy Stage

1
The effect of edge activator on the evolution and application of a nonionic surfactant: The elastic vesicular system
Authors: Sarolia Jayant , Baldha Raj , Chakraborthy G. S. , Rathod Sachin
Published: June 2023

Vesicular drug delivery as part of the colloidal system was evolved to entrap a hydrophobic drug as well as a hydrophilic drug. The tremendous potential of this system lies in ensuring the targeted and controlled release of the drug molecules to reduce the toxicity and side effects. Liposomes and niosomes are the first duos of the vesicular system to be used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. However, the lack of elasticity in this formulation prevents its success on the market. To overcome the obstacles, additional formulation changes were made to the existing vesicle. These modifications were attributed to the one component termed edge activator (EA), which added an elasticity factor to the vesicle system. Based on the formulation and EA, the vesicular system transits in the liposome to the spanlastic system. Spanlastics are surfactant‐based nanovesicles that are elastic, malleable, and given that it is a vesicular system with polar and nonpolar components, it can retain both hydrophilic and lipophilic medications. A modified method of medication delivery may also be possible. This review article discusses the recent approaches to the evolution of nonionic surfactant vesicular systems with respect to their method of preparation, effects of EA, and therapeutic application of spanlastic.
Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the breast associated with breast augmentation implant capsule
Authors: Rosenberg Katherine , McGillen Patrick , Zanfagnin Valentina , Lee Sandy , Janaki Nafiseh , Raicu Andreea , Jayachandran Priya , Bian Shelly , Yenikomshian Haig , Sener Stephen F.
Published: June 2023

Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast is rare, representing less than 0.1% of all breast cancers. To date, there have been 20 reported cases of SCC associated with breast augmentation, usually in patients with long‐standing implants. A patient is reported here with primary squamous carcinoma of the breast associated with textured saline implants. Due to the paucity of cases, there is limited information on the incidence and management of implant‐associated SCC of the breast.
Potential of indigenous legume fodder tree and shrubs to animal feed and mitigation of methane emission in the semi‐humid condition of southern Ethiopia
Authors: Abraham Getachew , Kechero Yisehak , Andualem Dereje
Published: June 2023

The study was conducted to investigate the in vitro gas production characteristics and methane (CH4) emission potential of indigenous legume fodder trees and shrubs (ILFTS). The most predominant 11 ILFTS species were selected, and leaves and fruit/pod samples were collected, oven dried, and ground. The potential leaf biomass yield (PBY), dry matter (DM), ether extract, digestible crude protein, carbohydrate (CHO), acid detergent lignin, ash, total phenol, condensed tannin, gross energy, digestible energy, metabolizable energy (ME), gas production characteristics, CH4 emissions, organic matter digestibility (OMD), and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) were determined. ANOVA and independent t test were used to examine variation among species in plants nature and between fruits and pods within agroecosystems, respectively. Correlation analysis was used to determine relationships among parameters. The study indicated that only DM and CHO showed substantial variation in nutritional quality parameters among trees, shrubs, and fruit/pods in the lowlands. Fruits/pods and trees displayed significant differences in gas production characteristics in the lowlands, unlike shrubs, which had non‐substantial variations. Moreover, the PBY, CH4 emission, OMD, and ME of ILFTS revealed substantial variation (P < .05) with species and among trees, shrubs, and fruits/pods in both agroecosystems. Besides, CH4 production showed a positive significant correlation with gas volume and (b) substantiating the effect of rate and degree of fiber fermentation on CH4 emission. It was discovered that there was a positive significant correlation between the 6 and 24 h incubation period, (c) which substantiated the need for optimal microbial density and substrate for high rate constant gas production of b (c). In conclusion, ILFTS produce considerable biomass rich in nutrients but vary in the degradability of CHO with plant nature, species, and forage origin. This elicits differences in gas production characteristics and CH4 emission with in vitro fermentation, resulting in differences in the corresponding OMD, ME, and SCFA values.
Dissolved organic carbon export in a small, disturbed peat catchment: Insights from long‐term, high‐resolution, sensor‐based monitoring
Authors: Bass Adrian M. , Coleman Martin , Waldron Susan , Scott Marian
Published: June 2023

Understanding dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export dynamics from carbon‐rich environments is critical. Peatlands act as terrestrial carbon stores, and consequently supply substantial amounts of DOC to drainage. This DOC flux is temporally heterogeneous and subject to long‐ and short‐term variability. Ultrahigh temporal resolution sampling (< hourly) is still in‐frequent in peatland catchments. We used a field‐deployable —ultraviolet–visible light spectrometer (Spectro::lyser™) and monitored DOC flux from a temperate peatland over 31 months to examine seasonal and event dynamics. DOC concentration varied from 6.8 to 63.5 mg L−1, in the higher reported range for peatlands and showed clear seasonal (high‐summer, low‐winter) variability coinciding with elevated biological productivity in the peatland. Discharge was an unreliable predictor of instantaneous DOC concentration overall, with antecedent water temperatures proving the most reliable predictor overall. Discharge drove total DOC export in the catchment, where the top 10% of flow events, accounted for 41.3% of all DOC exported—increasing to 84.6% in the top 50% of flow events. Total estimated catchment DOC flux was sensitive to measurement frequency: increasing from every 30 min to daily altered export estimates by < 1%, increasing to > 10% at 1‐week intervals. The variation in estimated flux increased approximately linearly with reduced sampling frequency, reaching > 40% at monthly intervals. High‐resolution data reveal the large amount of within‐site complexity of DOC export dynamics in a temperate peatland and provide evidence on the subsequently recommended sampling frequency for the future elucidation of detailed DOC budgets in these environments.
THE CASE FOR LEADER MORALITY
Authors: Gist Marilyn , Mulally Alan
Published: June 2023

The authors contend that in a world of great change and ever‐increasing tough problems, leaders must factor in the topic of morality as they work and make decisions. Gist is a former academic at the University of Washington and Seattle University; and Mulally is the former CEO of Boeing Commercial Airplanes and Ford Motor Company. They point to the need of morality as “virtues an individual has that guide how he or she actually determines what is the right thing to do and behaves accordingly.” They amplify that “In essence, morality refers to human judgment that some things are right while others are wrong, and that social standards or norms exist to distinguish and guide those determinations.” They draw on examples of morality‐deficient decisions by some pharmaceutical executives and the relation to opiate addiction; and social media company executives who prioritize content that leads to the most “engagement.” Unfortunately, this engagement can become inflammatory. The resulting “negative impact on society includes increasing political polarization, escalating racism, and growing violence.” The authors discuss Gist’s concept of Leader Humility, which “drives the moral virtues of honesty and courage.” Within that is the concept of self‐honesty: “It takes confidence to review one’s behavior, acknowledge weaknesses, mistakes, and personal motives.”
WE HAVE TO DEVELOP LEADERS’ ABILITY TO RESONATE
Authors: Winkler Ingo , Pelzmann Sabine
Published: June 2023

The authors write about “leaders’ ability to resonate with the organization and the broader social and environmental system.” Winkler, an academic, and Pelzmann, an organizational coach, explain that “to resonate means relating to the social, material and natural world in responsive and dialogical ways.” They write that their “argument broadly follows the ideas of the German sociologist Hartmut Rosa, who engages in critical sociological analysis of late modernity. Among other things, he is known for his work on social acceleration in modern societies.” Regarding leadership training, the authors cite the late Bruno Latour, who “claims that humans must return to the awareness that they coexist with nature, and they must comprehend that they are a part of nature and not nature's conqueror.” Also referenced is C. Otto Scharmer, author of Theory U: Leading from the Future as it Emerges, who believes that “when operating from that deeper stage of conversation, we begin to act as elements of a whole that is larger than our self.” Following the reasoning of these theorists, the authors explain six types of leadership capabilities, which in their words are: Personal, Methodological, Leadership, Cooperation, Self‐Care, and Transformational.
Dynamics Responses of Graphene Nanoplatelets‐Reinforced Polydimethylsiloxane Nanocomposites: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Tong , Zhang Ke , Wang Bo
Published: June 2023

Molecular dynamics method is employed to characterize the mechanical properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) materials reinforced by graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). Modeling results demonstrate that the addition of GNPs to PDMS significantly improves the damping properties of PDMS at high temperatures. The underlying physical mechanism is further investigated, and it is found that the interfacial interactions between the GNPs and PDMS play a crucial role in the energy dissipation capabilities. At elevated temperatures, a decrease in the interaction energy between the GNPs and PDMS matrix is observed, increasing the interfacial shipment, and improving the energy dissipation. In addition, GNPs will reflect more impact energy at a higher temperature. This study provides valuable insights into the use of GNPs for the improvement of the damping performance of PDMS materials at high temperatures.
Uncertainty principles of the fractional Clifford–Fourier transform
Authors: Shi Haipan , Gao Long , Xie Yonghong , Qiao Yuying
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we define the two‐sided fractional Clifford–Fourier transform (FrCFT). Using its properties, we get some uncertainty principles of the FrCFT. Two parts are obtained. One part is a modified uncertainty principle. The uncertainty principle states a lower bound on the spreads of two specific transform domains. It is shown that only a Gaussian‐type signal minimizes the uncertainty. We also give a Heisenberg‐type uncertainty principle. The other part is a logarithmic uncertainty principle, which may be obtained from a sharp of Pitt's inequality.
A high‐performance dual‐polarized corrugated horn for a compact antenna test range system
Authors: Li Yuanhao , Tan Dongsheng , Zhai Huiqing , Yin Xu , Yan Chengwen
Published: June 2023

A high‐performance dual‐polarized horn antenna for a 5G millimeter wave compact antenna test range system (CATR) is proposed in this article. The feed antenna is mainly composed of a double‐ridged waveguide junction orthomode transducer (OMT), mode converter, and corrugated horn antenna. Among them, the OMT is the key device for the feed antenna to achieve dual polarization characteristics, and adopts a modular design method to apply the multi‐section impedance transformer in the vertical and horizontal polarization channels with good transmission characteristics. The corrugated horn antenna generates a symmetrical radiation pattern mainly in six corrugated slots. The proposed dual‐polarized corrugated horn antenna impedance matching bandwidth (VSWR < 2) is 24–50 GHz. Moreover, the measured gain is 10–12 dBi, and the measured cross‐polarization level is less than −30 dB within the operating frequency range. Meanwhile, the half‐power beamwidth radiation pattern in the whole operating band has a good symmetry and the beamwidth in both E‐ and H‐plane remains stable. As a practical application, the designed antenna is used as the feed of the CATR system. The measured results show that the amplitude distribution in the quiet zone (QZ) is within ±1 dB, the phase distribution is within ±8°, and the cross‐polarization isolation is better than 27 dB. The performance of the QZ is conducive to the use of the CATR system.
Breast cancer screening and immigrant women—A scoping review of attendance, knowledge, barriers and facilitators
Authors: Dumky Hanna , Fridell Kent , Leifland Karin , Metsälä Eija
Published: June 2023

Aim

The aim of this study was to summarize the latest research reports about immigrant women and attendance in breast cancer screening.

Design

Scoping review.

Methods

Literature searches were made in CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Oatd and Oalster. Twenty‐three articles were included in the study. Data were analysed with inductive content analysis.

Results

Out of data four main categories were formed: attendance rates, incidence, barriers and facilitators, and knowledge and perception. The results show that attendance rates, barriers and facilitators for attendance, knowledge and experience of breast cancer and breast cancer screening differ between several factors such as the woman's migrant background, country of origin, religion, length of stay in the new home country and sociodemographic factors.
Shape‐controlled synthesis of polyaniline and its synergistic effect with reduced graphene oxide for the fabrication of flexible electrode
Authors: Khaw Liang Fa , Koh Wee Siang , Yeap Swee Pin , Lim Jit Kang , Ahmad Abdul Latif , Toh Pey Yi , Khosravi Vahid
Published: June 2023

Composite of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and polyaniline (PANI) have gained much attention in industrial applications especially for the fabrication of supercapacitor and flexible sensors. Nevertheless, existing studies mainly focus on the application efficiency and are lacking information on how morphology of the nanoparticles can affect the electrode properties. Herein, the effects of shape of PANI on the electrode resistivity were systematically investigated. PANI of different shapes was synthesized using different reagents, namely H2SO4, CH3COOH, H2O, and NH3·H2O, which induced formation of globule, tube, plate, and flake‐like PANI. rGO‐PANI composite was then produced using ex situ method and cast on a PVC substrate to form a flexible electrode. The rGO‐PANI globules displayed superior electrical conductivity owing to its high protonation level. The resistivity of this sample was found to be 0.015 ± 0.002 Ωcm, which is lowest as compared to the counterparts. Interestingly, electrode made of rGO‐PANI plates had a slightly lower electrical resistivity than rGO‐PANI tubes despite its low protonation level. It is speculate that the aspect ratio characteristic of the PANI might have influence the electron mobility. rGO‐PANI electrode was found to exhibit a lower specific resistivity than pure rGO and pure PANI, evincing the presence of synergism.
A Review of Fe‐Based Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Alloys: Preparations, Applications, and Effects of Alloying Elements
Authors: Qi Xiaojing , You Junhua , Zhou Jifeng , Qiu Keqiang , Cui Xiaoli , Tian Jia , Li Boliang
Published: June 2023

Fe‐based amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys are widely used in transformers, electronic information, and aerospace applications due to their high saturation flux density (Bs), high permeability, low iron loss, and low coercivity (Hc). This article briefly introduces soft magnetic materials, gives an overview of the classification, preparation methods, soft magnetic properties, and applications of Fe‐based amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys, and reviews the effects of elements such as Fe, Co, Ni, Si, B, P, and Nb in the alloys on the properties of Fe‐based amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys such as amorphous forming ability, Bs and Hc. The challenges and development directions of Fe‐based amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys in research are pointed out.
Evaluation of Optical Characteristics in Electro‐Optic Chromophores Designed for Applications at O‐Band
Authors: Yamada Toshiki , Aoki Isao , Yamada Chiyumi , Otomo Akira
Published: June 2023

Herein, lots of electro‐optic (EO) chromophores designed for applications at O‐band are synthesized, and the first hyperpolarizability β of EO chromophores is evaluated by the hyper‐Rayleigh scattering (HRS) technique. EO chromophores are constituted of various tricyanofuran (TCF) derivatives as the electron acceptor unit, thienyl‐di‐vinylene or thienyl‐di‐vinylene with ethylenedioxy as the π‐conjugation unit, and aminobenzene with a benzyloxy group as the donor unit. Halogen phenyl group or trifluoromethyl‐phenyl group in TCF acceptor unit leads to a relatively large improvement in β values. Furthermore, EO polymers with some promising EO chromophores that are suitable for the applications at O‐band (1260–1360 nm) are synthesized, and EO coefficient r33 (or n3r33) and absorption loss α are evaluated. Considering the trade‐off relationship between r33 (or n3r33) and α, EO polymers with excellent EO chromophores in the C‐band (1530–1565 nm) are not necessarily suitable EO polymers in the O‐band (1260–1360 nm). EO polymers with the O‐band chromophores have small α and moderate r33 (or n3r33) at the O‐band, while EO polymers with the C‐band chromophores have large α and slightly modified r33 (or n3r33) at the O‐band. The development of suitable EO chromophores and polymers for O‐band and C‐band respectively is very important.
Rare T263P epidermal growth factor receptor extracellular domain mutation of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer in a Vietnamese male patient
Authors: Do Kien Hung , Nguyen Tai Van , Do Tu Anh , Le Duc Thanh , Nguyen Phuong Thi Bich , Nguyen Chu Van
Published: June 2023

T263P mutation is one of the rare EGFR mutations located on chromosome 7p11.2, which is a change in amino acid residue at position 263 of the epidermal growth factor receptor protein, where L‐threonine has been replaced by L‐proline. This missense mutation in the extracellular EGFR domain is not well‐known in lung cancer. In this study, we first report a patient with advanced lung adenocarcinoma harbouring only a rare T263P EGFR mutation who benefited from first‐line afatinib therapy in Vietnam. The patient achieved a partial response with a time‐to‐treatment failure of 5 months. The patient subsequently received several chemotherapy regimens as the disease progressed, with overall survival of 17 months. Non‐small cell lung cancer with a rare T263P EGFR mutation responds to afatinib but has a poor prognosis. Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy of targeted therapies in this specific population.