bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK YANG DIMILIKI GURU KELAS TINGGI DI MI MA’ARIF NU 2 PANCASAN AJIBARANG
Authors: Susanti Susanti
Published: June 2019

Abstract: The background of this research is that all teachers must have pedagogic competence  in managing learners' learning, which includes learners' related understanding, planning and implementation of learning, evaluation of students' learning outcomes and the development of potential learners who are instructed by teachers in various activities according to their potential. This journal article is used as a reference in conducting research. The theoretical basis  discussed in this article is Pedagogic Competence, High Class Teachers and Pedagogic Competencies of High Class Teachers in SD/MI. The purpose of this journal is to illustrate the management of learning by high school teachers through High Teacher Pedagogic Competencies in MI Ma'arif NU 2 Pancasan.The result of this study shows that high-class teachers should try as much as possible to educate their students, which includes: 1) understanding the learners in accordance with the characteristics, talents, intelligence and physical condition, 2) designing a learning device that matches the character of each learner, 3) implementing the design well in accordance with the student's condition and the state of the class, and 4) evaluating the learners' understanding in the cognitive, affective and psychomechanical aspects in evaluating the learning process and  outcomes to be a benchmark of teacher's success in teaching and managing its learning, 5) understanding the final result of the evaluation to understand the student's thinking power and potential, and 6) developing students' potentials by actualizing their potentials in various academic and non academic activities.

Keywords: competence, pedagogy, dan teacher.
Pensamiento Complejo
Authors: De La Ossa Jaime
Published: June 2019

La concepción del conocimiento científico lleva mucho tiempo y su estructuración es continua, tiene como misión disipar la aparente complejidad de los fenómenos naturales, para revelar de forma simple, no simplificadora, a qué obedecen y cómo se estructuran, por eso la complejidad debe abordarse como un problema y no como una solución. Es evidente que la complejidad hace presencia cuando reina el pensamiento simplificador, la simplificación no es un camino adecuado para entender, dilucidar y manejar la investigación científica, es por lo general reduccionista y ligera en sus interpretaciones.
Registro de pseudis paradoxa (linnaeus, 1758) (anura, pseudidae) en el departamento de sucre, Colombia
Authors: DE LA OSSA JAIME , SAMPEDRO-MARIN ALCIDES , GALVÁN GUEVARA SILVIA , DE LA OSSA-LACAYO ALEJANDRO
Published: June 2019

El 20 de octubre y el 3 de noviembre de 2008 fueron recolectados sendos ejemplares de Pseudis paradoxa, los que fueron entregados a investigadores del Grupo de Biodiversidad Tropical, de la Universidad de Sucre. El hecho causó expectación en la población sucreña porque se trataba de dos individuos metamórficos, que en esta especie presentan la cola muy grande, lo que les da un aspecto extraño, que fue interpretado como algo sobrenatural por los recolectores y personas de esas zonas. Un espécimen (20 de octubre) fue colectado en el jagüey de la granja El Perico, de la Universidad de Sucre, localizada en los 9º 12´ 45.1´´ N y 75º 24´ 1.8´´ O, a una altura s. n. m. de 146 m y perteneciente políticamente al municipio de Sampués, departamento de Sucre, Colombia. El referido jaguey posee un área de 0,5 ha aproximadamente. El segundo ejemplar (3 de noviembre) fue capturado en un jagüey de similares características, al Sur de Betulia, municipio del mismo nombre que está situado en los 9º 15’ 49.54” N y los 75º 14’ 24.41” O, a una altura s. n. m. de 129 m.
The Effect of Structural Dimensionality on Carrier Mobility in Lead-Halide Perovskites
Authors: Hartono Noor Titan Putri , Sun Shijing , Gélvez-Rueda María , Pierone Polly , Erodici Matthew , Yoo Jason , Wei Fengxia , Bawendi Moungi , Grozema Ferdinand , Sher Meng-ju , Buonassisi Tonio , Correa-Baena Juan-Pablo
Published: June 2019

Methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) is a prototypical photo absorber in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), reaching efficiencies above 20%. However, its hygroscopic nature has prompted the quest to find water-resistant alternatives. Recent studies have suggested that mixing MAPI with lower dimensional, bulky-A-site-cation perovskites helps mitigate this environmental instability. On the other hand, low dimensional perovskites suffer from poor device performance, which has been suggested to be due to limited out-of-plane charge carrier mobility resulting from structural dimensionality and large binding energy of the charge carriers. To understand the effects of dimensionality on performance, we systematically mixed MA-based 3D perovskites with larger A-site cation, dimethylammonium, iso-propylammonium, and t-butylammonium lead iodide perovskites. During the shift from MAPI to lower dimensional (LD) PSCs, the efficiency is significantly reduced by 2 orders of magnitude, with short-circuit currents decreasing from above 20 mA/cm2 to less than 1 mA/cm2. In order to explain these decrease in performance, we studied the charge carrier mobilities of these materials using optical-pump/ terahertz-probe, time-resolved microwave photoconductivity, and photoluminescence measurements. The results show that as we add more of the low dimensional perovskites, the mobility decreases by a factor of 20 when it reaches pure LD perovskites. In addition, the photoluminescence decay fitting is slightly slower for the mixed perovskites, suggesting some improvement in the recombination dynamics. These findings indicate that changes in structural dimensionality by mixing A-site cations play an important role in measured charge carrier mobility, and in the performance of perovskite solar cells.
Reprocessing Cross-linked Polyurethanes by Catalyzing Carbamate Exchange
Authors: Fortman David J. , Sheppard Daylan T. , Dichtel William
Published: June 2019

The reprocessing or recycling of cross-linked polymers by incorporating dynamic covalent cross- links has the potential to increase their usable lifetimes and reduce their environmental impact. Polyurethanes (PUs) are the largest class of cross-linked polymers; however, their direct recycling into similar value materials is not well-developed. We demonstrate that several Lewis acid catalysts mediate urethane exchange selectively and under mild conditions. Incorporating these catalysts into cross-linked polyether and polyester PUs with structures similar to commercial PU thermosets gives cross-linked materials that can completely relax stress in 100 seconds at temperatures as low as 140 oC. The dynamic polymers were reprocessed via compression molding to provide materials with similar cross-linking densities to as-synthesized materials. Because these systems are based on commercially available PU monomers and inexpensive Lewis acid catalysts, we anticipate that these findings will enable the recycling of traditional thermosetting PUs.
Synthesis of Polyacetylene-like Modified Graphene Oxide Aerogel and Its Enhanced Electrical Properties
Authors: Greco Enrico , Shang Jing , zhu jiali , Zhu Tong
Published: June 2019

A graphene-based or carbon-based aerogel is a three-dimensional (3D) solid material in which the carbon atoms are arranged in a sheet-like nanostructure. In this study, we report the synthesis of low-density polymer-modified aerogel monoliths by 3D macro-assemblies of graphene oxide sheets that exhibit significant internal surface areas (982 m2/g) and high electrical conductivity (∼0.1 to 1 × 102 S/cm). Different types of materials were prepared to obtain a single monolithic solid starting from a suspension of single-layer graphene oxide (GO) sheets, and a polymer, made from the precursors 4-carboxybenzaldehyde and polyvinyl alcohol. These materials were used to cross-link the individual sheets by covalent bonds, resulting in wet-gels that were supercritically dried and then, in some cases, thermally reduced to yield graphene aerogel composites. The average densities were approaching 15-20 mg/cm3. This approach allowed for the modulation of distance between the sheets, pore dimension, surface area, and related properties. This specific GO/Polymer ratio has suitable malleability making it a viable candidate for use in conductivity 3D printing; it also has other properties suitable for energy storage, catalysis, sensing and biosensing applications, bioelectronics, and superconductors.
Editorial (Inglês)
Authors: Santos Catarina De Almeida , Sousa Carlos Alberto Lopes de , Moreira Ana Maria De Albuquerque
Published: June 2019

Editorial (Inglês)
Políticas públicas educacionais: uma análise do PAR no Norte de Minas Gerais
Authors: Souza Ediléia Alves Mendes , Moura Dayse Magna Santos , Correio Railma Aparecida Cardoso Marinho
Published: June 2019

Trata-se de resultados parciais de pesquisa em rede que investiga a “gestão das políticas educacionais no Brasil e seus mecanismos de centralização e descentralização: desafios do Plano de Ações Articuladas (PAR)”. Objetiva analisar como o PAR contribui para melhoria de índices educacionais. Numa abordagem qualitativa, realizou-se entrevista com secretários de educação e técnicos de quatro municípios do Norte de Minas Gerais e visitas in loco para monitorar ações. A pesquisa mostra melhoria da estrutura e funcionamento de escolas, mas não da qualidade do ensino. A morosidade na análise das propostas e na liberação de recursos por parte do MEC emperra o cumprimento de ações nos municípios
Editorial
Authors: Santos Catarina De Almeida , Sousa Carlos Alberto Lopes de , Moreira Ana Maria De Albuquerque
Published: June 2019

Editorial
Trabalho docente e qualidade da educação básica: crítica às diretrizes do banco mundial
Authors: Rosa Sandra Valéria Limonta , Santos Willian Batista dos
Published: June 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma análise crítica do documento “Atingindo uma educação de nível mundial no Brasil: próximos passos”, produzido pelo Banco Mundial no ano de 2010 com o objetivo de definir prioridades para a política educacional brasileira, dando ênfase às questões referentes à formação e ao trabalho dos docentes. Trata-se aqui de um recorte de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que analisa as orientações propostas pelo Banco Mundial para a educação nos países ditos em desenvolvimento e como estas têm afetado diretamente as políticas de educação brasileiras. Para nós, a incorporação de tais orientações tem intensificado as já precárias condições de trabalho e de formação continuada dos professores.
Ensino de gramática/análise linguística: uma professora, múltiplas práticas
Authors: Tenório Fabiana Júlia De Araújo , Silva Alexsandro Da
Published: June 2019

O artigo analisa práticas de ensino de gramática/análise linguística desenvolvidas por uma professora do 6.º ano do ensino fundamental. Apoiandose em referenciais teóricos, relacionados ao ensino de gramática/análise linguística e aos saberes, e em práticas docentes, demonstrou-se, por meio de observações em aula e entrevistas, a existência de um movimento que oscila entre permanências e mudanças nas práticas de ensino observadas, o qual se materializou por meio dos seguintes aspectos: o uso do livro didático e a relação que a professora mantinha com esse recurso; a ênfase no trabalho com leitura e produção de textos; a articulação entre os eixos de ensino; e a abordagem dos conteúdos gramaticais.
Para além do unidimensional: Marcuse e a educação estética
Authors: Baroni Vivian
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo visa abordar o conceito de educação estética subjacente à obra de Herbert Marcuse. Procuramos demonstrar como a valorização da dimensão artística aliada à educação tornaria possível repensar o conceito instrumental de razão, fornecendo ainda subsídios para a elaboração de um conceito qualitativo de desenvolvimento baseado na redefinição da cultura. Trabalhamos com a hipótese de que, em virtude das qualidades críticas e transformadoras da arte, a educação estética fomenta um conceito crítico de razão, capaz de conduzir uma apreensão da realidade que ultrapassa a mera adaptação para se posicionar na resistência e na promoção de novas formas de existência.
Jovens produtores culturais de favela
Authors: Tommasi Maria Livia de
Published: June 2019

Neste artigo, analiso o material coletado no âmbito de uma pesquisa de caráter etnográfico que desenvolvo desde 2010 no Rio de Janeiro, no contexto da qual realizei algumas entrevistas temáticas com jovens produtores culturais moradores de favelas. Ouvindo seus depoimentos, observando suas práticas, procuro compreender as especificidades dessas atividades, as qualidades requeridas para exercê-las e os entraves encontrados. Situo minhas indagações no contexto da centralidade assumida pelo campo da cultura como um recurso, no âmbito das intervenções de requalificação urbana e das transformações ocorridas no mundo do trabalho. As favelas, historicamente consideradas territórios da pobreza e da violência, hoje são celebradas como territórios das oportunidades.
Expansão recente do Ensino Superior brasileiro: (novos) elos entre educação, juventudes, trabalho?
Authors: Jardim Fabiana Augusta Alves , Almeida Wilson Mesquita de
Published: June 2019

Procuramos investigar a expansão recente do ensino superior brasileiro, delineando suas características gerais para compreender a nova configuração desse nível de ensino e suas articulações com o mercado de trabalho, também intensamente modificado nas duas últimas décadas. No contexto geral das transformações nas políticas públicas brasileiras e nas dinâmicas das desigualdades socioeconômicas, o esforço em mapear a articulação entre ensino superior e trabalho nos permite passar ao exame de algumas trajetórias juvenis de estudantes das camadas populares, no ensino público e no ensino privado, desdobrando consequências sobre o campo de possibilidades que estrutura a experiência juvenil hoje.
Relação entre condição funcional docente e a percepção das condições de trabalho
Authors: Fernandes Anoel , Santos Edson Segamarchi dos
Published: June 2019

Buscou-se verificar se a condição funcional de um grupo de professoras atuantes no ciclo I do ensino fundamental da rede pública estadual paulista interfere na percepção que possuem das condições de trabalho. Como procedimento de pesquisa, aplicou-se um questionário a 37 professoras, das quais três são estáveis, oito efetivas e 26 Ocupantes de Função Atividade (OFA), isto é, sem estabilidade no emprego. A análise dos dados foi pautada no conceito marxista de alienação e seus desdobramentos teóricos, desenvolvidos pelos autores da teoria crítica da sociedade, especialmente Adorno e Marcuse. Os dados demonstraram que as professoras OFA tendem a apresentar maior conformidade com o disposto.
Samoan Custom and Human Rights: An Indigenous View
Authors: VaÃ¡ Unasa LF
Published: June 2019

This article focuses on human rights as seen from the perspective of Samoan custom and social life.  It argues that the roots of human rights as understood by Western societies are metaphysical whereas human rights under Samoan culture stem from being born from human parents and, therefore, an heir or suli. While the genesis of rights may be different, the overall understanding of human rights, however, is argued to be the same.  The article examines Samoan cultural practices in light of international human rights standards and draws parallels between them. Custom can then be seen as a source of human rights.
Spatial and Temporal Change Monitoring in Water Surface Area of Atikhisar Reservoir (Çanakkale, Turkey) by using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Techniques
Authors: KALE Semih , ACARLI Deniz
Published: June 2019

Spatial and

temporal changes in surface area of Atikhisar Reservoir were monitored by using

remote sensing and geographic information system techniques from 1975 to 2017.

Satellite images were processed, analysed and manually digitized to reveal the

changes in surface area of the reservoir. The results showed that total surface

area of the reservoir was ranged between 1.72km2 and 3.84km2

during the monitoring period. Maximum increase in the surface area has been

observed with 74.6% while maximum decrease has been observed with 31.8%. These

fluctuations could be related with the climatic changes, natural and man-made

processes such as sediment transportation, water leakages, excessive water

exploitation for drinking, domestic or agricultural purposes, and human

interventions along the reservoir. Therefore, surface area should be monitored

continuously and all factors influencing the variation in surface area should

be considered in decision making processes to support water sharing policy

toward the management of water resources.
Effect of pH-shifting method on solubility and emulsifying properties of soy protein concentrate
Authors: YILDIZ Gülçin
Published: June 2019

The purpose
of the current study was to investigate the influence of pH shifting process on
soy protein concentrate to improve its functional properties. In this work, pH
of the soy protein concentrate was adjusted to pH 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, and 12 prior
to neutral pH (pH 7). pH-shifting process effectively improved the solubility
of soy protein concentrate, whereas the modification of the samples with the
acidic conditions was less pronounced. The alkaline pH values (pH 10, 11, and
12) showed higher solubility compared to the acidic pH values (pH 2, 3, and 4).
With the pH 12 treatment, approximately 30 times higher solubility was
achieved. Among the treatments, the pH 12- treated samples showed the improved
emulsifying properties with the highest emulsifying activity and stability
indexes. All pH treated samples (pH 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12) showed less turbidity
with smaller particle sizes where the untreated samples showed most turbid
structure with the biggest particle size.
Bifidogenic effect of salep powder
Authors: USTA GORGUN Buse , Yılmaz Ersan Lütfiye
Published: June 2019

The aim of this research was to study the bifidogenic effect
of salep powder on some Bifidobacterium
species, namely B. lactis, B. infantis,
B.
longum and B. bifidum. The growth of the Bifidobacterium species was investigated
by measuring the pH and optical density (OD) during 48 h-fermentation. In order
to evaluate the efficiency of the fermentation of salep powder by the Bifidobacterium
subsp. lactic, acetic,
butyric and propionic acid values in the growth media were quantified by HPLC.
It was determined that Bifidobacterium
species might be used salep powder as a source of carbon and the highest OD
values were found for B. lactis in media containing
glucose and for B. infantis in
media containing salep powder. All the tested strains observed the
ability to produce higher amounts of lactic and acetic acids than amounts of
propionic and butyric acids. Consequently, it was determined that all four Bifidobacterium species were able to
ferment salep powder. Moreover, because salep powder enhanced the growth and
activity of Bifidobacteria and it might be conferred as a
bifidogenic effect.
Guest Editor's Introduction
Authors: Honkasalo Marja-Liisa
Published: June 2019

This introduction provides an analytical back ground for the notion of vulnerability as it is currently perceived mainly in social sciences, ethics, philosophy, queer studies and governmentality. Used both as descriptive and normative term, vulnerability, along with resilience and policy management, has acquired political dimensions, which are distant from those given by the philosophers Hannah Arendt and Emmanuel Levinas. In present day social and political discussions vulnerability has gained enormous popularity and seems to be a genuine 'sticky concept', an adhesive cluster of heterogeneous conceptual elements.

 

Keywords: vulnerability, resilience, governmentality, intersectionality, racism, queer, vulnerable agency, sticky concept
Protection of skills in employment relationships and in the labour market
Authors: Brollo Marina , Mazzanti Caterina
Published: June 2019

Globalisation and technological changes have a dramatic impact on the labour market. For this reason, skills need to be strengthened and protected and workers have to respond to these great transformations by improving their professionalization. Focusing the attention on the Jobs Act, this paper offers an overview of the change that Italy may undertake, analysing the most innovative aspects of the new reform and paying particular attention to the protection of skills within the employment contract and the labour market. In this regard, the research highlights how the Jobs Act has strengthened the protection of skills. On the one hand, it specifies that in case of ‘changes in job tasks’ the employer shall provide training activities in order to develop the employee’s skills (art. 2103 Civil Code). On the other hand, from the perspective of the labour market, it provides efficient active labour market policies in order to tackle the lack of skills protection. These are all considerable positive steps: the Jobs Act Reform represents a move in the right direction and the first important step towards the development of an enhanced skill system.
Odgovornost za štetu zakonskog revizora i obveza osiguranja od odgovornosti za štetu
Authors: Jurić Dionis , Belanić Loris
Published: June 2019

Odgovornost zakonskih revizora za štetu počinjenu subjektu revizije i trećim osobama pri obavljanju revizorskih usluga jedno je od otvorenih pitanja koja nisu usklađena odgovarajućim direktivama Europske unije. Ono je uređeno nacionalnim propisima država članica EU-a koji upućuju na primjenu općih ili posebnih odredbi o odgovornosti za štetu ili kombiniranu primjenu tih odredbi. Zakon o reviziji iz 2017. godine ne sadrži posebne odredbe o odgovornosti zakonskih revizora za štetu, već se primjenjuju opće odredbe o odgovornosti za štetu iz Zakona o obveznim odnosima. Zakon o reviziji predviđa obvezu zakonskog revizora sklopiti ugovor o osiguranju od odgovornosti za štetu koja može nastati subjektu revizije i trećim osobama te propisuje najmanju svotu pokrića. Također uvodi opće zahtjeve za obavljanje zakonskih revizija u svim obveznicima zakonske revizije te posebne zahtjeve koji se primjenjuju na zakonske revizije u subjektima od javnog interesa. Cilj je tih odredbi jačanje neovisnosti i objektivnosti zakonskih revizora u odnosu na subjekte revizije te osiguravanje njihova pravilnog i zakonitog rada.
Flexicure labour market structures
Authors: Hiessl Christina
Published: June 2019

The article discusses the added value of social policy approaches which can be characterized as ‘flexicure’ based on a comparison of Germany and Austria. It offers an insight into some of the central labour market and policy developments in these countries, which share a number of common principles and structures but differ quite strikingly when viewed through the lenses of the flexicurity concept. This comparison serves as a basis for a discussion about the desirability of reforms to reinforce the ‘flexicurity score’ of any national legal order as well as the multitude of forms which the concept can take to match diverse legal and socio-economic traditions.
Green Marketing Strategies: Theoretical Approach
Authors: Eneizan Bilal , Mohamad Alhamad Akram , Bin.Mat Junoh Mohd Zukime , Binti Tunku Ahmad Tunku Salha
Published: June 2019

Green marketing movement, much as green consumption, reflects businesses’ responsibility toward society to ensure that they conduct their activities in a way that minimizes the negative effects on the environment. Therefore, for the last thirty years green market is the highly discussed topic in the research area. The paper explored issues are linked with the theoretical approach of green marketing strategies with on consumers’ behavioural intention to purchase green product. In addition, to elaborate the importance of green marketing strategies are indicating improvement. The application and mechanics green marketing strategies discussed related to the implementation of the current practices of environmental green product improvement that adopted in firms.
MENURUT KITAB AYUB PENGOLAHAN ALAM DENGAN PENUH HIKMAT- KRSTI EMBONG BULAN
Authors: sampe nelia
Published: June 2019

MANUSIA MEMPUNYAI KECERDASAN DALAM MENGELOLAH ALAM CIPTAAN TUHAN, AYUB KAGUM TERHADAP KEHEBATAN MANUSIA TERUTAMA PADA PENAMBANG BATU DENGAN CARA PEMURNIAN PERAK DAN EMAS, PENGGALIAN BIJI BESI, PELEBURAN TEMBAGA, PENAMBANGAN LASURIT DAN LAINNYA. KECERDASAN MANUSIA DALAM MENGELOLAH SUMBERDAYA ALAM TIDAK BEBAS DARI DAMPAK BURUK BAGI ALAM DAN SEISI ALAM IRU SENDIRI. AYUB MENGGAMBARKAN BETAPA PARAHNYA KERUSAKAN TANAH SEBAGAI SUMBER PENGHASIL PANGAN SEPERTI APA YANG MELAHAP DAN MELENYAPKAN SEGALAH SESUATU.
Hikmat berdasarkan kitab Amsal-Yanti Arrang
Authors: Layuk Rombe
Published: June 2019

hikmat adalah suatu kualitas kecerdasan yang diberikan Tuhan kepada manusia, yang lebih tinggi nilainya dari kemampuan intelektual itu sendiri, yang mengatur jalan hidup manusia sehari-hari secara praktis dan terampil, serta membawa manusia pada keberhasilan hidup untuk memuliakan Allah.
hikmat menurut kitab Amsal- Marianti palembangan
Authors: Layuk Rombe
Published: June 2019

dalam kitab amsal yang bisa kita temukan adalah pengajaran tentang hikmat. hikmat merupakan sesuatu yang sudah ada sebelum segala sesuatunya ada. hikmat mendapatkan otoritas yang tinggi dari Allah untuk membimbing manusia menjalani kehidupannya.
Laughter and effective presidential leadership: A case study of Ronald Reagan as the ‘great communicator'
Authors: Stewart Patrick A. , Senior Carl , Dye Reagan , Bucy Erik P.
Published: June 2019

President Ronald Reagan’s expert use of media and his charismatic connection with viewers earned him the moniker “the great communicator”. This study examines one aspect of his charisma, the influence of elicited laughter, during a much-discussed and highly critical 5-minute news story by CBS reporter Leslie Stahl during the 1984 US presidential election. Production choices regarding observable audience responses (OAR) on viewer perceptions of politicians have not been extensively studied. The focus of the present study is to explore the effects of audience laughter on perceived leadership traits. Two experiments examining the mediating effects of audience laughter on perceptions of presidential leadership are reported. The first shows that perceptions of Reagan’s perceived warmth significantly diminish when strong laughter is removed from the presentation, whereas perceptions of competence remain unaffected. The second study proposes a between-subjects experiment (preregistered report) to confirm and extend the findings of the first study by considering trait charisma and the influence of specific humorous comments that are accompanied by laughter.
A value-based framework for understanding cooperation
Authors: Pärnamets Philip , Shuster Anastasia , Reinero Diego A. , Van Bavel Jay Joseph
Published: June 2019

Understanding the roots of human cooperation, a social phenomena embedded in pressing issues including climate change and social conflict, requires an interdisciplinary perspective. We propose a unifying value-based framework for understanding cooperation, integrating neuroeconomic models of decision making with psychological variables involved in cooperation. We propose that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex serves as a neural integration hub for value computation during cooperative decisions, receiving inputs from various neuro-cognitive processes such as attention, memory and learning. Next, we describe findings from social and personality psychology highlighting factors that shape the value of cooperation, including research on cultural contexts and norms, personal and social identity, and intergroup relations. Our approach advances theoretical debates about cooperation by highlighting how previous findings are accommodated within a general value-based framework and offers novel predictions.
Give and take: Ownership affects how 2- and 3-year-olds allocate resources
Authors: Pesowski Madison Leigh , Kanngiesser Patricia , Friedman Ori
Published: June 2019

In three experiments, we investigated whether 2- and 3-year-olds (N = 240) consider ownership when taking resources for themselves and allocating resources to another agent. When selecting resources for themselves, children generally avoided taking resources that belonged to another agent and instead favored their own resources (Experiments 1 and 2). However, they did not avoid taking the agent’s resources when the only other resources available were described as not belonging to the agent (Experiment 3). Children also selected fewer of the agent’s resources when taking for themselves than when giving to the agent (Experiments 2 and 3). In giving to the agent, children were more likely to select the agent’s resources than resources not belonging to the agent (Experiment 3). These findings show that ownership affects how 2- and 3-year-olds allocate resources. The findings also provide new evidence that 2-year-olds may respect others’ ownership rights, at least to a limited degree, although we also consider an alternative explanation for the findings.
Electrostatic Analyses for a System Constituted by an Insulating Disk Whose One Plane Surface is Charged and Which is Backed by a Concentric Earthed Metal Disk Smaller Than the Insulating Disk Itself and an Earthed Sphere Approaching the Charged Surface of the Insulating Disk, and Its Application to the Case of a Typical Oxygen Regulator
Authors: Basu Nirmalya
Published: June 2019

There is a proposition that the possible occurrence of electrostatic discharges inside an oxygen regulator between charged insulating components, such as diaphragms, and earthed metal components, such as the valve stem, could be a potential candidate responsible for oxygen regulator fires. In this paper, the electric field which might be produced at the tip of the valve stem due to charge produced on the diaphragm of a typical oxygen regulator by deposition of charged dust particles or by their impact on the diaphragm or both has been evaluated. The diaphragm, in many cases, is backed partially by a concentric earthed metal disk. The diaphragm has been modelled as an insulating disk. The tip of the valve stem has been modelled as an earthed sphere which is very small compared to the insulating disk and the backing earthed metal disk. An analytical expression for the electric field produced at the point of the sphere nearest to the charged surface of the insulator has been derived. Our expression takes into account not only the effect of the charge on the insulating disk, but also that due to the presence of the backing earthed metal disk. Results for the magnitude of this electric field have been computed for the case of a sample oxygen regulator. An expression for the critical charge density on the surface of the insulating disk has been derived, and its value has been obtained for the case of our sample oxygen regulator. The electric field inside the non-metal diaphragm has also been evaluated. It appears from our analyses that there is a possibility that an electrostatic discharge might occur inside an oxygen regulator, and with an enriched-oxygen atmosphere being present there, such a discharge could also lead to a fire incident.
In vitro anti-bacterial activity of Tinospora cordifolia leaf extract and its phytochemical screening
Authors: Praiwala B. , Priyanka S. , Raghu N. , Gopenath N. , Gnanasekaran A. , Karthikeyan M. , Indumathi R. , Ebrahim N.K. , Pugazhandhi B. , Pradeep P. , Ranjith M.S. , Balasubramanian S. , Basalingappa Kanthesh M.
Published: June 2019

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is the main concern worldwide to combat infectious. Over the years studies on leaf extracts Tinospora cordifolia have demonstrated the potent role its antibacterial property. The current study is an attempt to test its antibacterial property against Escherichia coli cell division.

Material and methods: Phytochemical screening assay of T. cordifolia leaf extract was done using standard procedure and the results showed the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, terpenoid, steroid, tannin, amino acid, flavonoid and glycoside components.

Results: HPLC analysis revealed the presence of berberine in T. cordifolia leaf extract. Further E. coli cells were treated with berberine to study its efficacy in inhibiting cell division. Antibacterial assay was performed by using disc diffusion method.

Conclusion: Among aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic, chloroform, hexane and acetone extract only methanolic extract showed zone of inhibition.
Pastoralism in Crisis: Mounting Challenges in Herding System in High Altitude Region of Nepal
Authors: Bhusal Prabin , Banjade Mani Ram , Paudel Naya Sharma
Published: June 2019

This paper discusses on the mounting livelihoods challenges of high altitude region of Nepal driven largely by the growing conflict between pastoralists and community forestry (CF), and offers alternative pathways. The paper is based on a three-year action research using adap­tive learning as an approach to understanding conflicts between the herders and CF members and other challenges around high altitude herding. The paper also brings the case of Suspa- Kshamawati Kalinchowk region with pragmatic issues and concerns that need urgent action. In addition, we analyse information on CF and other pastureland, institutional arrangements of CFUG, analysis of herders’ livelihoods and review of policy process and relevant literature. The research shows that high altitude herding system has been facing several challenges with the con­flict between the CF and herders as the main challenge. The conflict with CF has posed extreme threats to the existence of herding system in the region. Similarly, challenges like declining avail­ability and access to quality pasture and hardship, and changing social values has contributed to decreasing herding number in recent years and has also put the unique transhumance livelihood activities in crisis. Finally, implications to policy and practice of CF and overall environmental governance are identified.
Quality of life of renal transplant donors
Authors: Koirala Sagar , Chalise Pawan Raj , Gyawali Prem
Published: June 2019

Introduction: End stage renal disease has a high rate of mortality and morbidity. Kidney transplantation remains the best treatment option in comparison to other forms of renal replacement therapy. Live related donor renal transplantation was started at TUTH in 2008. Compared to other established centers, the outcome of transplantation was comparable. Though there is considerable evidence showing that donors are able to return to their healthy life, quality of life (QOL) assessment using standardized questionnaires has not yet been done in our centre. This study was carried out in order to compare QOL before and after donor nephrectomy.

Methods: Short Form 36 version 2 (SF36v2) was used to assess the quality of life of kidney donors. Interview was conducted just before and three months after donor nephrectomy. Eight domains of quality of life score were compared using SPSS 17.0. Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to check normal distribution of data. Mean scores before and after donation was compared with paired t test. Multivariate linear regression analysis was done to find out variables predicting poorer outcome.

Results: Out of eight domains of quality of life, bodily pain, physical functioning and physical role limitation were decreased 3 months after donation. However, this did not have any impact on overall quality of life of donors. Increasing age was found to an independent predicter of poorer quality of life. However gender and donation status had no significance.

Conclusion: Quality of life of renal transplant donors was not affected by donor nephrectomy. Long term follow up and quality of study is required in order to assess the changes in physical health component with time.
Tocqueville’s Centralization Well-Understood
Authors: Hartman Matthew H.
Published: June 2019

Alexis de Tocqueville champions participation in local government institutions—such as the New England township—as a counter to the centralizing tendencies of democratic governments. But his understanding of self-education through local participation is only a part of a larger education that includes participation in political associations and appreciating a free press. In this article, I thus argue that Tocqueville is opposed to the abuses inherent in centralization as opposed to centralization itself. To combat these abuses, it is important to appreciate the goods of centralization in addition to the goods of decentralization, the township, and self-government for which Tocqueville’s pedagogy is rightfully associated.
Tocqueville’s New Political Science in the Shadow of the Old
Authors: Welch Cheryl B.
Published: June 2019

This article explicates Tocqueville’s famous assertion that “a new political science is needed for a world entirely new” by drawing a contrast with the old political science to be superseded. Part One establishes the evidence, contextual and textual, for the claim that the old political science to which Tocqueville refers is the Enlightenment project as interpreted by the self-proclaimed heirs of the philosophes in the revolutionary generation: the Idéologues. Part Two argues that taking this foil seriously allows us to see the novelties associated with Tocqueville’s new democratic political science: the ways in which he hoped to avoid the dangerous temptations and seductions of the old and his subtle moralized interpretation of intérêt bien entendu. Much impressive recent scholarship recovers the importance of Tocqueville’s aristocratic interlocutors; this article argues that he was also in veiled conversation with liberals of a particularly democratic and utilitarian kind, and that he self-consciously adopted their idealism and assumed their mantle.
Review of A Case Study in Light of Bowen Theory: Differentiation of Self
Authors: Bridge Esra Nihan
Published: June 2019

The major purpose of this paper is to
illustrate the theory, practice, and outcome of Bowen’s Family Systems Theory. Murray
Bowen is a founder of the family systems theory and one of the pioneers in
family therapy. Bowen defined the term “differentiation of
self” as a capacity to gain a balance between emotional and
intellectual functioning without fusion. Bowen established this term in light
of the family system theory and he believed self-differentiation is closely
related to an individual’s family life. With this term, Bowen addressed
emotional maturity and maintaining independent thinking during emotional
relationships. Bowen Theory has
greatly influenced the world of family therapy and also studies demonstrated its
effectiveness on individual therapy work. This article involves emphasizing the
formulation of Bowen theory and application to a case example of an individual
who struggles with differentiation. First, this paper will review the
development of Bowen’s theory, then, it will illustrate Bowen’s eight
interlocking terms. Finally, this paper will present a clinical example,
applying family systems therapy to an individual who struggles with
differentiation and discusses the outcomes.
The Predictive Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas in The Evaluation of Pre-Marital Romantic Relationships Among University Students
Authors: Körük Serdar , Kurt Ali Ammar
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study
was to determine the predictive role of the early maladaptive schemas on the
pre-marital romantic relationship evaluation process among Turkish university
students. The study group of this research, which was conducted as a
quantitative research and in which correlational design was used, consists of
122 university students who were in a romantic relationship and who declared
that they were willing to marry or were not sure in this regard. Students who were
in a romantic relationship and did not consider marrying their current partner
were not included in the study. The Turkish Young Schema Questionnaire-Short
Form-3 and Premarital Relationship Assessment Scale were used to collect the
data. The results of the t-test analysis indicated that premarital romantic relationship
assessment dimensions did not differ to gender and emotional deprivation,
failure, social isolation/alienation, enmeshment/dependency, and defectiveness
maladaptive schemas differed to gender. The results of the multiple linear
regression analysis revealed that emotional deprivation schema predicted
religious values assessment dimension negatively, emotional deprivation and
defectiveness schemas predicted communication assessment dimension negatively, vulnerability
to harm schema predicted friendships assessment dimension negatively, defectiveness
schema predicted family relationships assessment dimension negatively, emotional
inhibition and insufficient self-control/entitlement schemas predicted sexual
cohesion assessment dimension for emotional inhibition negatively and for
insufficient self-control/entitlement positively, defectiveness and
vulnerability to harm and illness schemas predicted overall premarital
evaluation score negatively. Results were discussed in the light of traditional
gender roles, meanings attributed to marriage and relevant literature.
Harnessing Sources in the Humanities: A Corpus-based Investigation of Citation Practices in English Literary Studies
Authors: Grav Peter F
Published: June 2019

Integrating outside sources for rhetorical purposes is an essential element of academic writing; yet doing so effectively can be problematic for academic writers. While corpus-based research into science writing has provided valuable insights into how published authors work with sources, citation practices in the humanities have remained largely unexplored. This paper analyzes citation conventions in a 35-article literary studies corpus and contextualizes its findings within previous research, thereby revealing distinctive writing practices in the field. Important findings include that literary studies authors cite relatively less and favor quotation over paraphrase and summary, unlike writers in previously-examined fields. As well, their syntactic integration of references and reporting verbs substantially differ. This research problematizes generalizations about humanities writing and questions assumptions regarding whether extensive commonalities exist between humanities and social science writing. The results provide further support for discipline-specific writing instruction and underline the need for further research into humanities writing practices.
Contemporary trends in the training of future teachers for the moral education of elementary school students
Authors:   Мелітопольський державний педагогічний університет імені Б.Хмельницького, Batareina I.
Published: June 2019

Reforming the education system in Ukraine provides for greater freedom for teachers. The new Ukrainian school needs a teacher of creative, initiative, democratic, capable of organizing an educational process based on partnership pedagogy, mastering new pedagogical and information technologies. In addition, the teacher of the New Ukrainian school has to implement a personally oriented model of education, based on the ideology of child-centeredness, that is, the maximum approximation of education and education of a particular child to its essence, abilities and life plans. The formation of these qualities to a large extent depends on the readiness of the teacher to self-improvement and self-education. The present era is characterized by processes of formation of a new paradigm in the philosophy and theory of education. New world perceptions and attitudes create a change in the educational view of the development and formation of the child's personality, determine the opportunities, tasks, goals and means of education. The construction of a new educational model involves theoretical rethinking and practical orientation towards a new ideal. It is possible to produce highly qualified specialists only subject to strict adherence to and compliance with the state standards of education and normative documents of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, as well as the technological regime for constructing the educational process at all stages of the life cycle – from admission of students to an educational institution and before their release. Today's requirements dictate the need for constant updating of the content of education, the development of new educational and methodological complexes, the search for new innovative technologies as learning, and the control of the success of the educational process for the qualitative training of future teachers for the moral education of elementary school students. Teacher training for a modern elementary school is one of the topical issues of higher education in Ukraine. The formation of an updated educational system in Ukraine takes place in conditions of accelerating global integration into the world community under the influence of an ethnic factor to preserve the integrity of national statehood and restore the spiritual priorities of society. Key words: upbringing, moral upbringing, New Ukrainian school, moral qualities, moral upbringing, teacher training.
Conditions of formation of students’ value orientations in the process of educational and professional activities
Authors:   Мелітопольський державний педагогічний університет імені Богдана Хмельницького, Volkova V. , Fedorova O. ,   Мелітопольський державний педагогічний університет імені Богдана Хмельницького
Published: June 2019

The article indicates the relevance of the research in terms of human’s revaluation and professional values; the pedagogical formation conditions of value orientations of future educators in the process of educational and professional activity; it indicates the existence of contradictions between the low level of formation of students’ value orientations and the need of communication in the spiritually developed personality of the preschool teacher between educational opportunities of educational subjects in a higher educational institution and the lack of their implementation in the educational practice. The article deals with the essence of the value orientation notion, which is a complex formation and one of the main individual characteristics in its relation to society and to itself, where we can find various levels of interaction of the internal and external, the comprehension of the surrounding world and the individual self, the specifics of the individual life experience, including needs, interests, ideals and abilities. It is noted that value orientations are performed in the process of formation of a teacher's personality as a function of behavior and activity regulators, and their formation and development are complex and long processes, which depend on many objective and subjective factors. The essence of the value relation to the profession is manifested through the conscious, individual, socially determined and positive-emotional responses to its components, it helps to understand them and to recognize the transformation of social models according to their implementation in practice. Educational and professional activities in the higher educational institution are considered as a condition for the realization of students’ creative possibilities, the activity is represented not only as a change of the reality surrounding, but as a transformation of the inner world of the individual. Those forms of interaction are perspective that activate their own educational initiative for students. It is noted that formation of values orientations for the future educator will be facilitated by such forms of class’s organization such as modeling of pedagogical situations, methods of active learning, familiarization with various methodical systems, original pedagogical ideas. Keywords : value orientation, value attitude, educational and professional activity, modeling.