bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Ground-Motion Database for Israel with Its Corresponding Point-Source Parameters, for Engineering Seismology Applications
Authors: Yagoda-Biran Gony , Maiti Soumya K. , Wetzler Nadav , Nof Ran N. , Pashcur Yona , Kamai Ronnie
Published: May 2021

The seismic activity in Israel and its surrounding neighbors originates mainly from the active Dead Sea fault system. The historical and archeological records suggest a recurrence interval of approximately 102 and 103  yr for earthquakes of M 6 and 7, respectively. Despite the existing hazard, local advancements on this topic have been slow and incremental, partly due to inherent challenges, such as the limited number of significant recorded earthquakes and a limited azimuthal coverage resulting from geopolitical constraints. Annual earthquake bulletins and an earthquake catalog have been published over the years by the Geophysical Institute of Israel, which operated the network until January 2020. In this article, we summarize a joint effort aimed at standardizing the catalog and creating the first of its kind, publicly available ground-motion database for Israel, which is open to the scientific and engineering communities. The database is composed of three main components: event database, ground-motion recording database, and site database. Once compiled, we use this database to derive and calibrate the source, path, and site parameters required to execute ground-motion simulations, namely, the regional stress drop, anelastic attenuation factor Q, geometrical spreading, and the near-surface high-frequency attenuation, kappa. The parameters are optimized to fit the measurement database, and once they do, a synthetic dataset can be simulated, which will compensate for the lack of measurements in the large-magnitude range.
Tilt records for thirteen years at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory1
Authors: Jaggar T. A. , Finch R. H.
Published: May 2021

Summary of Conclusions

Analysis for thirteen years of the extraordinarily large angular tiltings of the ground on the east side of the active volcanic system of Mauna Loa and Kilauea reveals the following correlations:
Nature of the late movements on the Haywards rift, central California1
Authors: Buwalda John P.
Published: May 2021

The observations set forth in this paper are believed to indicate that:

The late relative movements of the former block with reference to the latter have therefore been successively upward vertically or obliquely, downward vertically or obliquely, horizontally northwestward.
An analysis of the S-wave
Authors: Neumann Frank
Published: May 2021

The following empirical law governing the azimuth of S-wave impulses is advanced: (1) the azimuth of the horizontal S-wave impulse at the focus (the horizontal component of the initial earthquake displacement) is equal to (2) the azimuth from station to epicenter, plus (3) the azimuth from epicenter to station, or back azimuth, minus (4) the azimuth of the S-wave displacement at any station; all azimuths being counted from north around by east through 360°. It states that a common direction of horizontal impulse or thrust at a seismic focus can be calculated from S-wave azimuths observed at two or more distant stations. These focal thrusts appear to be either parallel or normal to fault lines.

A theory is later developed which appears to substantiate the above-named law in so far as it concerns simple horizontal focal displacements. S-wave impulses, due to a simple vertical displacement at a focus, apparently follow the laws of longitudinal motion, but arguments are advanced to question the existence of this type of activity. The displacements are longitudinal only in the sense that they occur in the planes of the rays; they are not compressional waves.

Three distinct types of activity are found in the S-wave group.
The earthquake in Santa Monica Bay, California, on August 30, 1930
Authors: Gutenberg B. , Richter C. F. , Wood H. O.
Published: May 2021

The occurrence of a moderately strong local earthquake in Santa Monica Bay, California, on August 30, 1930, is discussed and its epicenter and origin-time determined as follows: ϕ = 33° 57′ N., λ = 118° 38′ W., O = 4:40:36.0 p.m., P.S.T. (0h 40m 36s0, G.C.T., August 31, 1930).

The maximum intensity observed was VIII of the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale of 1931, and the shock was perceptible at distances up to about 160 kilometers (100 miles) from the epicenter. The distribution of apparent intensity exhibits numerous irregularities which are discussed in the text.

The depth of origin cannot be determined accurately, but the data are consistent with a depth of 10 to 15 kilometers (6 to 9 miles). A significantly greater depth is not consistent with the data.

The surface and subsurface geology of the region is discussed briefly.
Hawaiian travel times*
Authors: Jones Austin E.
Published: May 2021

In Part I a special study has been made on seismogram phases, showing how to locate Hawaiian local earthquakes without the necessity of accurate time checks on all of the master clocks of the several seismograph stations on Hawaii. This was done by searching old records of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association network for dates and times when an earthquake occurred very close to one station and was well recorded on the seismographs 37, 70, or 89 kilometers away. Records gave fourteen earthquakes of this kind, of which ten were used. These records were studied and the interval in seconds between the arrivals of the distortional (S) and compressional (P) waves was plotted for the distance of the station away from the origin of the disturbance. On each record there appeared more than one compressional wave and more than one distortional wave, giving rise to various differences, as Sn — Pn, S* — P*, and Sg — Pg. Simple linear relations were found between time-interval and distance for special earthquakes. These linear relations were to be used in locating other earthquakes away from all stations by the geometric method of Isikawa.

In Part II a study has been made on travel times; that is, the speeds with which different seismic waves travel through rock constituting the Hawaiian Islands, between the islands of Hawaii and Oahu. This study is based on Part I, for practically no earthquakes have been recorded near any one seismograph station on Hawaii that were large enough to record clearly on Oahu. Oahu is about 300 kilometers away from the seismic origins considered.

This study came within five per cent of verifying the speeds of seismic waves through the floor of the Pacific Ocean as found by others. These velocities may prove useful in determining the physical constants of the rocks and indicate what makes up the basement of the Hawaiian Islands.

Other waves were found which may indicate a complex structure of four to seven discontinuities in the Hawaiian ridge, it being distinct from the floor of the Pacific and analogous to the structure of continental areas.

A travel-time, distance graph has been included which should aid in locating earthquakes in the Hawaiian Islands.

These wave velocities, for further corroboration, should lead to geophysical experiments.
The first preliminary waves of the Nevada earthquake of December 20, 1932*
Authors: Byerly Perry
Published: May 2021

The P travel-time curve of the Nevada earthquake is presented. It is drawn as a series of straight lines. It is near Δ = 28° that the data outline most clearly the sudden change in slope of the curve, but definite evidence of overlapping of the branches is lacking. At Δ = 67° (approximately) the curve branches into two parts as did the curve of the Texas earthquake. Between 4° and 12° three parallel P curves are drawn. The suggested explanation of them is that they are due to transformations of an original P or S at boundaries near the focus. This would indicate a depth of focus of about fifteen kilometers.

The nature of the first motion at the various stations shows a complex distribution which does not lead to a simple explanation of the forces acting at the focus.

A long-period component of P waves is observed, and it is concluded that it is present from very near the beginning of the record, although often masked by shorter-period motion. It begins in opposite phase to the shorter-period motion accompanying it.
On focal points of SKS*
Authors: Gutenberg B.
Published: May 2021

The travel-time curve of the first section of SKS depends much on the velocity in the outer part of the core. It begins on the travel-time curve of ScS at an epicentral distance somewhere between 65° and 90°, depending on the velocity of longitudinal waves just below the surface of the core. The extreme values correspond to velocities there of approximately 8.0 and 7.4 km/sec., respectively. If the distance where SKS begins is relatively large, its first section extends to decreasing distances and is convex towards the axis of distance, and SKS must have an odd number of cusps with focal points (at least one) where it reverses in direction and changes from convex to concave or vice versa. If SKS begins at a relatively short distance, its first segment extends to increasing distances and is concave towards the axis of distance; in this case the number of cusps is even (possibly zero). In an intermediate case, SKS begins with a focal point. In any case, the first segment of the travel-time curve of SKS is below the travel-time curve of ScS. Similar conclusions are correct for SKS. A preliminary study of the observations seems to indicate a focal point of SKS at a distance between 70° and 80°. More detailed investigations which are under way may be used to draw conclusions respecting the velocity of longitudinal waves in the outer part of the core.
The variation of seismic velocities within a simplified earth model, in accordance with the theory of finite strain*
Authors: Birch Francis
Published: May 2021

Murnaghan's theory of finite strain has been applied in an approximate form to a study of the density and velocity variations in a simplified model of the earth outside the core, the model consisting of two homogeneous layers, each at a uniform temperature. Following Jeffreys, the layers are separated by a first-order discontinuity at a depth of 474 km. Above 474 km., the variations of the velocities in this model are shown to be practically the same as Jeffreys' “observed” values. The main features of the velocity-depth curves are represented with fair precision down to the core. This is of course no longer true if the velocities are supposed to vary continuously through the 474-km. level. Whichever supposition be held, if the rate of change of velocity immediately below 474 km. is to be reproduced closely, a gradual change of composition must be introduced. The variation of density upon the two-layer supposition is very close to that derived by Jeffreys and by Bullen by numerical integration of the “observed” velocities, on the supposition of adiabatic compression of homogeneous layers. The validity of their method is shown to depend upon the existence of a small temperature gradient, or of compensating factors which cannot be evaluated. It is suggested that a more rigorous solution of the equations of motion derived from the theory of finite strain might prove of value in interpreting the oscillatory character of seismic records, as well as the direction of the ground motion associated with various wave types.
The density variation of the earth's central core*
Authors: Bullen K. E.
Published: May 2021

A detailed analysis of the problem of the earth's density variation has been extended to the earth's central core. It is shown that in the region between the outer boundary of the core and a distance of about 1400 km. from the earth's center the density ranges from 9.4 gm/cm.3 to 11.5 gm/cm.3 within an uncertainty which, if certain general assumptions are true, does not exceed 3 per cent. The density and pressure figures are, moreover, compatible with the existence of fairly pure iron in this part of the earth. The result for the earth's outer mantle as given in a previously published paper, together with those in the present paper, are found to give with good precision the density distribution in a region occupying 99 per cent of the earth's volume. Values of the density within 1400 km. of the earth's center are subject, however, to a wide margin of uncertainty, and there appears to be no means of resolving this uncertainty for the present. The most that can be said is that the mean density in the latter region is greater than 12.3 gm/cm.3 and may quite possibly be several gm/cm.3 in excess of this figure. In the present paper figures are also included for the variation of gravity and the distribution of pressure within the central core. The gravity results are shown to be subject to an appreciable uncertainty except within about 1000 km. of the outer boundary of the core, but the pressure results are expected to be closely accurate at all depths.
‘Nosotros, el pueblo’: apuntes sobre la evolución del concepto de soberanía en el constitucionalismo iberoamericano
Authors: Laise Luciano Damian , Manzo-Ugas Gustavo
Published: May 2021

La presente investigación se dirige a examinar la evolución del concepto de soberanía en la tradición constitucionalista iberoamericana, poniendo énfasis en el caso del constitucionalismo en algunos de sus países. A tal efecto se examinarán las tres principales influencias o antecedentes teóricos de la noción “soberanía” en la región; a saber, Bodin, Hobbes y Grocio. Posteriormente, a partir de una metodología basada en la dogmática jurídica, pero que recoge contribuciones de la teoría política y teoría del derecho, se analizará el rol de la soberanía en la pretensión de profundizar la democracia participativa que caracterizó a la última oleada de constituciones latinoamericanas. Uno de los principales resultados que arroja este trabajo consiste en revelar que el constitucionalismo iberoamericano descansa en una noción de soberanía popular que motiva el viraje desde una concepción de la democracia meramente representativa hacia una de corte participativo. Sin embargo, la falta de sólidas instituciones que aseguren la inclusión efectiva de todas las voces en el debate democrático, junto con un escaso rediseño de la organización del poder, habría diluido significativamente a las aspiraciones democráticas del constitucionalismo iberoamericano.
Consulta Popular minera y competencias de los municipios
Authors: Guerra Sanchez Marcela , Carrascal Vergel Ana María , Vergara Llanos Jean Carlos
Published: May 2021

El ordenamiento jurídico colombiano establece en su carta política mecanismos de participación ciudadana, como una herramienta jurídica que el Estado ha consagrado para que la ciudadanía participe activamente de las decisiones que les afecten. Dicho lo anterior, en Colombia, se originó un debate jurídico a partir de la implementación de la Consulta Popular como mecanismo para prohibir la actividad minera en los municipios, generando así una tensión entre el sector central y las entidades descentralizadas territorialmente respecto de la distribución de competencias administrativas; así como también, los efectos jurídicos de las decisiones judiciales adoptadas por la Corte Constitucional y el Consejo de Estado, a través de las cuales se han fijado parámetros jurisprudenciales en lo concerniente a la regulación del suelo y subsuelo en Colombia. A través de este artículo, se tiene como objetivo establecer la competencia que tienen los municipios para decidir mediante consulta popular asuntos mineroenergéticos, observando los recientes pronunciamientos jurisprudenciales adoptados sobre el asunto en particular. Para el desarrollo de la investigación principal, se utilizó la hermenéutica jurídica, aplicando el método exegético y sistemático para el análisis de los diferentes componentes de la investigación. Mediante el análisis de las decisiones jurisprudenciales, se evidencian los resultados que definen la tesis a través de la cual se plantea que, los municipios si tienen competencia para prohibir actividades mineras en sus territorios; pero ésta no es absoluta y se ejerce de manera armónica con la Nación.
The “Flint Michigan Case” and Its Significance for the Environmental Legal Doctrine and Legislation of the USA and Russia
Authors: Anisimov Aleksey , Ryzhenkov Anatoliy
Published: May 2021

The article proves that violations of the human right to drinking water that is safe for health occur not only in countries of the “Third World” but also in economically prosperous countries, including the USA, which is clearly shown by the case of Flint, Michigan. The purpose of the study is to prove that this problem is complex and should be addressed in the context of a number of economic, political and social factors. Such research methods as comparative legal analysis, synthesis, analysis, formal-logical and other methods of scientific research have been employed within the study conducted. The article presents the results of a review of the quality of drinking water supply in the city of flint, which showed that the best way to prevent such environmental crises is to address the issues of poverty, which causes drug addiction, unemployment, and a high level of violent crime caused by the economic downturn in the corresponding area (region). The authors prove that similar problems exist in Russia, where a number of small depressive cities and villages have similar problems. The final conclusion of the authors is that both in Russia and in the United States, providing the population with quality drinking water is impossible outside the context of solving economic and social issues, and one of the tools that allow us to get closer to solving these problems is the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS) proposed in 2015 by the United Nations.
Maximizando los ahorros de costos de los gobiernos: Indicadores para calcular ahorros a partir de la centralización y digitalización de los pagos
Authors: De Albuquerque Claudiano , Lucena Amalia , Pérez Rincón Belinda , Mejía-Ricart Rodrigo , Davico Gisela
Published: May 2021

Las Cuentas Unicas del Tesoro (CUT) han sido ampliamente adoptadas por los gobiernos centrales de América Latina y el Caribe. La CUT se define como una estructura unificada dentro de las cuentas bancarias del gobierno que permite a las tesorerías consolidar y utilizar mejor los recursos de caja de los gobiernos (Pattanayak y Fainboim, 2011). Para muchos gobiernos latinoamericanos, la adopción de la CUT, y la digitalización de los recaudos de ingresos y pagos, ha permitido estandarizar y simplificar operaciones habilitando así transacciones financieras más rápidas, datos en tiempos más oportunos sobre los flujos y saldos de caja, una mayor eficiencia en ejecución presupuestaria y una reducción significativa de costos en gestión de tesorería. Este estudio busca contribuir con una nueva metodología que facilite a las tesorerías gubernamentales a analizar las ganancias en eficiencia y los ahorros potenciales al implementar la CUT y la digitalización de los pagos; es altamente flexible, utiliza benchmarks que son específicos del contexto de cada país y muestra las limitaciones que pueden estar más allá del control de las tesorerías nacionales, como los marcos institucionales y legales, o los diferentes niveles de madurez de los ecosistemas financieros y digitales, presenta 18 indicadores de medición, clasificados en eficiencia en manejo de efectivo y eficiencia operacional. Además, se identifican buenas prácticas relacionadas con la implementación.
An Automated Tomato Maturity Grading System Using Transfer Learning Based AlexNet
Authors: Das Prasenjit , Yadav Jay Kant Pratap Singh , Yadav Arun Kumar
Published: May 2021

Tomato maturity classification is the process that classifies the tomatoes based on their maturity by its life cycle. It is green in color when it starts to grow; at its pre-ripening stage, it is Yellow, and when it is ripened, its color is Red. Thus, a tomato maturity classification task can be performed based on the color of tomatoes. Conventional skill-based methods cannot fulfill modern manufacturing management's precise selection criteria in the agriculture sector since they are time-consuming and have poor accuracy. The automatic feature extraction behavior of deep learning networks is most efficient in image classification and recognition tasks. Hence, this paper outlines an automated grading system for tomato maturity classification in terms of colors (Red, Green, Yellow) using the pre-trained network, namely 'AlexNet,' based on Transfer Learning. This study aims to formulate a low-cost solution with the best performance and accuracy for Tomato Maturity Grading. The results are gathered in terms of Accuracy, Loss curves, and confusion matrix. The results showed that the proposed model outperforms the other deep learning and the machine learning (ML) techniques used by researchers for tomato classification tasks in the last few years, obtaining 100% accuracy.
A Survey on Various Methods and Algorithms of Scheduling in Fog Computing
Authors: Belmahdi Raouf , Mechta Djamila , Harous Saad
Published: May 2021

The rapid deployment of IoT in different areas generates a massive amount of data transferred to the Cloud. To solve this challenge a new paradigm, called Fog Computing, is located at the edge of the network and close to the connected objects. Its main role is to extend the capacities of Cloud and improve the performance and the QoS required by the applications by the use of different methods and techniques based on scheduling algorithms. In this paper, we review various recent studies available in the literature that are interested in the scheduling methods and algorithms used in Fog computing. The use of fog layer, in solving optimization problem, is faced with serious challenges. Therefore, to help practitioners and researchers, we present an in-depth overview of Fog Computing studying various scheduling methods and algorithms. We analyze, compare and classify these different scheduling approaches according to the nature of the algorithm used in the scheduling, the QoS optimized by the proposed approach and the type of applications in order to show what is suitable for critical IoT (CIOT), massive IoT (MIOT) and Industry IoT (IIOT). Finally, we present a comparison of the different simulation tools used to evaluate these approaches to guide fog computing developers/researchers which tool is suitable and most flexible for simulating the application under consideration.
التركيز على التفكير النقدي أثناء تجارب زيارات التبادل الدولية للمعلمين
Authors: أندرسون إميلي
Published: May 2021

تناقش ورقة السياسة هذه أهمية تعزيز التفكير النقدي أثناء زيارات التبادل الدولية للمعلمين القصيرة المدى. الدراسة مستمدة من نتائج مشروع بحثي أكبر يبحث استخدام المعلمين للمقارنة كإطار عمل للنقل التربوي. أقصد بعملية النقل التربوي بين الثقافات ما يلي: أنه تفاعل المعلمين مع الثقافة، التي تشكل سياق صنع المعنى التربوي والسياسي من خلال تجربة التبادل. والمقصود بالثقافة هنا هو المعايير، والقيم، والتوقعات التي تغذي ممارسات التعليم وخطابات السياسة. تتضمن مشاركة المعلمين في برامج التبادل الدولية تعزيز تفكيرهم النقدي حول مواضيع تتعلق بالتاريخ والثقافة والسياسة باعتبارها السياقات التي توجه أفضل الممارسات أثناء عملية تعليم الطلبة. تسلط المناقشة المقدمة في هذه الورقة الضوء على أهمية التفكير النقدي في تعزيز قدرة المعلمين على إجراء التغييرات واستدامتها بعد مشاركتهم في تجربة التطوير المهني الدولية الخاصة لبرنامج تبادل المعلمين، بدعم من مؤسسة الشيخ سعود بن صقر القاسمي لبحوث السياسة العامة.
Examining Teacher Migration in K-12 Schools in the United Arab Emirates: Perceptions of African American Educators
Authors: Lachelle Smith Tiffany
Published: May 2021

This policy paper discusses teacher migration through the professional and personal experiences of African American Expatriate Educational Professionals (EEPs) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Evidence suggests that teacher migration is a strategy employed by some African American EEPs to remain in K-12 schools in the UAE. Recruitment efforts and benefits attracting EEPs to the UAE appear to be effective, whereas retention efforts appear to be a concern. School leaders, thus, face high rates of teacher turnover each year. Few studies have examined why educators leave and where they go when they leave. The data and analysis presented are derived from a more extensive qualitative study conducted from September 2019 to May 2020. The study examines teacher turnover through the experiences of 13 African American EEPs who left K-12 schools in the United States (US) for schools in the UAE. A critical theme that has emerged from this study is a nuanced understanding of teacher migration, which forms a key part of this policy paper’s discussion. The paper concludes with recommendations for implementing professional and personal development related to intercultural competencies and further studies to examine teacher turnover in the UAE.
Bilingual Policy Implementation in Ras Al Khaimah
Authors: Hall-Chen Alexandra
Published: May 2021

Discourses on globalization and knowledge societies have encouraged an increasing number of governments to institute bilingual education policies to develop citizens’ fluency in English and a native language. To diversify the country’s economic activity, extensive bilingualism in Arabic and English has long been a goal of governments in the United Arab Emirates. Utilizing questionnaires and interviews with school teachers and school leaders, this study investigates the processes by which they are embedding this policy in government schools in the emirate of Ras Al Khaimah.
Exchange rate and Industrial output within an SVAR framework: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Adedoyin Ramat
Published: May 2021

The Nigerian exchange rate has gone through several reforms. Thus, this study seeks to also establish, the manner with which variations in the exchange rates influence industrial production.It focus essentially on the impact of a shock to the exchange rate on industrial production in Nigeria. The study employs the use of the SVAR model with the assumption of Cholesky decomposition as an identification scheme for four variables in the following order: exchange rate, industrial output, broad money supply, and price level.It is found that for the period under study, industrial output plays no role in explaining the fluctuations in the real exchange rate in the short run. Similarly, results show that shock to real exchange rate plays no role in explaining the fluctuations in industrial output in the short run. However by the end of a second-year period, industrial output takes 23% of the fluctuations in the real exchange rate and real exchange rate explains about 17% of the fluctuation in industrial output. As an extension, analyses show that shock to inflation and money supply have minimal influence on industrial output.It is recommended that a concentration on real factors such as savings rate, infrastructural facilities, political stability, and security can provide relatively more influence on industrial production in Nigeria.This study has contributed to knowledge through the analysis of data to identify the impact of a shock to the exchange rate on industrial production in Nigeria.
Selection of green peas for the canning industry with a small grain size
Authors: Ushakov V. A. , Kotlyar I. P. , Kaigorodova I. M.
Published: May 2021

Relevance. Therefore, at present, varieties with an average seed size are used for the production of canned "green peas". In this regard, it is important to create varieties with a mass of 1000 seeds less than 150 g for the production of premium canned food.

Methods. The object of research was the lines of hybrids of vegetable peas of different ripeness groups with a low weight of 1000 seeds.

Results. At the initial stage of the work, plants with a low mass of 1000 seeds and green cotyledons were selected and brought to constant lines over several years. Over the years of sampling, the weather conditions were with sharp changes in temperature and precipitation. This made it possible to single out samples with low variability of the selected characters based on the totality of characters. In 2018-2019, the selected lines were studied according to the characteristics of productivity and manufacturability during the period of technical ripeness in the nursery of competitive variety testing of vegetable peas. To determine the duration of the technical ripeness period and its relationship with the yield, the green peas were harvested in three periods, starting with the minimum density indicators (34-35 units) and with an interval of three days. When determining the fractional composition of green peas, sample 4.12 was isolated, which received the varietal name Smaylik. Green peas of this variety had a fairly high uniformity and small grain diameter with a predominance of fractions of 5-8.5 mm and 8.6-9.9 mm. Sample 12.12 was close to Smaylik in its performance. According to the results of competitive variety testing, the Smaylik variety in 2019 was transferred to the State variety testing of the Russian Federation.
Sistem cevne zračne pošte UKCL, MF.ZTM, OI pridobitev dragocenega časa pri upravljanju delovnega procesa, ki zelo vpliva na kakovost obravnave bolnika in ima pomembno vlogo pri varnosti zaposlenih in bolnikov (COVID epidemija)
Authors: Lazarević Zlatko
Published: May 2021

In the health sector, one of the biggest questions of modern time is the way of cutting cost while maintaining the same quality of service. Abroad, the use of pipe mail for the purpose of solving internal logistics and with that providing quality and adequacy of products and direct cut of costs related with the work force, is already widely present in hospitals. Transport with the use of pipe mail enables fast, safe and foremost economic content transfer. Hospitals abroad use the pipe mail mostly for: - transport of samples (swabs, blood, tissues) to laboratories, - transport of blood for the surgeries in operation rooms from the central blood bank, - transport of medicine from central pharmacy for surgeries in operation rooms or the need of different departments, - transport of documentation between departments and laboratories, - transport of lab test results to the department that ordered for that test. Pipe mail enables centralization – existence of one central laboratory, who takes care of all the necessary analysis, which directly means: - savings in space, - direct saving in the cost of pay due to the lowering number of employees or their redeployment, - higher efficiency (individual documentation processing, which directly means higher productivity based on the reduction of wasted time and waiting for documentation), - information renewal of processes, - reliability, timeliness and order, most importantly from the point of view of the patient, who will save unnecessary waiting time, from which most psychologically related issues arise, - the system is computer controlled and statistics are available to the system administrator at any time, - - Pipeline airmail has a significant impact on the safety of both employees and patients during an epidemic.
Knowledge Management in the Healthcare System
Authors: Lugonjić Marija , Jovanović Tatjana , Krmpot Vera
Published: May 2021

Knowledge management refers to all management activities necessary for the effective creation, capture, exchange and management of knowledge. Knowledge management has always been the most important issue in human societies. Knowledge management became a discipline during the 80s, and the growing role of information technology has enabled the development of efficient KM tools using databases and common software. The current concept of knowledge management emerged, however, in the early 1990s and covered various fields such as business administration, public policy, information systems management, libraries, and information science. In health care, KM is developed mainly in the field of electronic health record management and management of the health organization. In this context, previous research in the business domain has been adapted and applied to health knowledge management. But health care poses different challenges and questions to KM because of its own nature). For the WHO, the main purpose of knowledge management is to bridge knowledge gaps between and within countries. Knowledge management deals with the development of systems and processes used to promote originality, creativity, intelligence and learning. The discipline of knowledge management has three main components (WHO): • People: who create, share and use knowledge and who collectively form an organizational culture that nurtures and encourages the exchange of knowledge; • Processes: methods for acquiring, creating, organizing, exchanging and transferring knowledge; • Technology: mechanisms that store and enable access to data, information and knowledge created by people in various locations.
Real Estate Business is Ruled by Women - Myth or Truth
Authors: Majstorović Marija , Cvijić Lazar , Radosavljević Milan
Published: May 2021

The 21st century represents a century in which the world has flourished through technological progress, transforming many businesses in line with digitalization, social networks, and the tendencies brought by the internet generations. In sociological terms, many problems have remained the same despite progress. In this sense, women continue to fight for one of the fundamental human rights - gender equality and non - discrimination against male - female in the social, business and political environment. However, there are many positive examples of women leaders today, presidents of governments and large companies, successful women entrepreneurs, and they dominate in certain branches of the economy. Although care, pharmacy, education, and the like have so far been considered "typically female" professions, the business of intermediation in the sale and lease of real estate is attracting more and more attention of female gender. Whether women dominate such a significant branch of the economy, and why, the author will try to answer by looking at the results and statistics of one of the most developed real estate markets in the world - the real estate market in the United States. Whether women are naturally gifted in the field of mediation in buying or selling real estate or have managed to dominate the market with their professionalism and motivation, are questions that occupy the scientific public, but it is gratifying to see examples of so many successful women in the real estate with amazing careers and results. It can be concluded that it would be commendable if this trend spread over to other branches of the economy, as well as to other countries in the world.
Analysis of Selected Characteristics of e-Consumer Behavior of Czechs During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pollak Frantisek , Markovic Peter , Konecny Michal
Published: May 2021

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the selected aspects of e-consumer behavior. Specifically, to the application of innovative methods of evaluating customer interactions within the environment of the virtual social network Facebook. From the point of view of the actual implementation of presented research, the activity of customer tribes of the five largest e-commerce entities in the Czech virtual market was analyzed and evaluated. The data needed to process the analysis were collected during the first state of emergency declared in the Czech Republic in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. Through the analysis of data on the interactions of customer groups in a highly non-standard situation, it was possible to outline specific patterns of consumer behavior, in particular the extent and nature of their interactions in B2C communication on the social network Facebook. From the findings we can deduce a shift in the timing of interactions towards the morning hours, which we consider both as an effect of working from home and as a deviation from the usual patterns of behavior. In our opinion, it is necessary to take both of these effects into account when planning marketing communication.
Vpliv epidemije COVID-19 na odpis blaga v podjetju za distribucijo sadja in zelenjave
Authors: Ramčilović Jesih Alma
Published: May 2021

The write-off of goods, especially in the fresh food supply chain, represents a significant cost to the company. The purpose of the research is to analyse the impact of the COVID19 epidemic in the fruit and vegetable distribution company and to determine the extent to which the epidemic in 2020 affected the company's operations and the amount of goods written off. Knowing the latter is the first step to improving processes and reducing costs in the company. The analysis was performed using a comparative study of data for 2019 and 2020. The total weight of goods sold in 2020 compared to 2019 fell by 28.6%. Similarly, in 2020 the total value of written-off goods decreased by 31.3%. Furthermore, factors influencing the value of writtenoff goods, such as the purchase value of products, the number of products, the number of orders per day and the number of employees (order preparation and weighting) were studied statistically. We found a relationship between the value of written-off goods and the number of employees and the number of products being prepared. The results represent an insight into the problem and serve as a starting point for optimizing the purchase of goods, the correct turning of stocks and work processes of employees in the warehouse, i.e. optimization of logistics processes in the company. Reducing the quantity of written-off goods is a long-term and demanding process, which significantly improves the company's profit.
Higiena površin in pripomočkov za večkratno uporabo v domu starejših občanov
Authors: Rozman Urška , Duh Darja , Cimerman Mojca , Šostar Turk Sonja
Published: May 2021

Biocidal products (disinfectants) are intensively used in nursing homes to control and prevent the spread of microorganisms and healthcare associated infections. We checked the hygiene of the surfaces intended for multiple use and the microbial population present on these surfaces. In three different areas, we noticed the working protocol and the biocidal products in use. The surfaces of the devices were sampled with swabbing before use, after use and after disinfection. Identification and quantification of microorganisms was performed using classical culture methods and MALDI-TOF method. The results showed that some devices were contaminated before use. Of particular concern is the fact that microorganisms remain on the devices even after disinfection in concentrations from 1 to 300 cfu/mL. In complex microbial communities on surfaces and with intensive use of disinfectants, the acquired bacterial resistance to disinfectants can develop, which can consequently lead to increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
Money Laundering and Virtual Financial Resources
Authors: Sekulić Momčilo , Matović Ana , Milošević Djorde
Published: May 2021

Money laundering is a complex phenomenon that represents the direct impact of organized criminal groups on legal financial flows. As a particularly dangerous dimension of illegal activities, the author emphasizes the possibility of masking them through the investment of illegally acquired funds in legal public or private affairs. The author analyzes the structure of this illegal activity, showing its adaptation to modern communication conditions, which is why he notices the importance of evolving this illegal phenomenon in the online environment. The predominant part of this paper is dedicated to the introduction of numerous ways of placing criminal profit in the regular monetary market through the information and communication benefits of the Internet. In his research, the author does not stay within the framework of the visible part of the web. His special attention is focused on the high-tech circumstances and communication capacities of the dark web, in order to emphasize the inexhaustible possibilities of hiding, "laundering" and further placing "laundered" money that originates from criminal activities.
Financialization vs. (de)Industrialization in Croatia: Evidence of a Nonlinear Behaviour
Authors: Tomić Daniel , Benazić Manuel
Published: May 2021

Increasing financialization in the EU over the last two decades rendered different macroeconomic stories in regard to growth rates, industrialization and innovation, institutional transformation, inequality and financial stability. In addition, monetary union has created a favourable environment for such process by increasing a market expansion of financial institution and increasing financial assets within companies. However, the process of financial liberalization has changed economic structure in many countries leading to an excessive increase in both private and public debt and subsequently to the process of deindustrialization. For example, deindustrialization lead to a significant reallocation of resources from the industrial sector to the service sector in Croatia. The Global economic crisis of 2008 has shortly devitalized excessive financialization, yet it did not contain it. The aim of this paper is to evaluate whether the two economic lanes, financialization and industrialization, are mutually related and do they follow same linear or non-linear process. Identification is based on Markow switching approach with time-varying transition probabilities and covers annual data from 1995 to 2018. The period covers and extends beyond the Global crisis, which facilitates our empirical logic on examining the regime switching behaviour for both economic processes. Obtained results suggest nonlinearity within, both financialization and industrialization processes, by identifying two distinct levels of behaviour before and after the Global crisis.
Primerjalna analiza vidikov ravnanja s starejšimi zaposlenimi v velikih podjetjih v Sloveniji
Authors: Vidmar Anja , Jerebic Janja , Novak Vesna
Published: May 2021

The aging of society is an important achievement of civilization but at the same time a major organizational challenge. Knowing the specific needs of older people and adapting jobs accordingly, will help companies to retain important skills, be step ahead of the competition and take the path towards sustainable development and progress. By conducting a comparative analysis of aspects of treatment of the elderly employees in large companies in Slovenia, we found more or less consistent pattern of positive and negative beliefs about older employees. On the other hand, it has been shown that companies are now more aware of the importance of implementing voluntary measures (workplace health management, education and training, culture and relations within the company).
Numerical Investigation of Thermal-Hydraulic Performance of Circular and Non-Circular Tubesin Cross-Flow
Authors: Deeb R. , Sidenkov D.V. , Salokhin V.I.
Published: May 2021

A numerical study has been conducted to clarify flow and heat transfer characteristics around circular, cam, and drop-shaped tubes using the software package ANSYS FLUENT. Reynolds number Re based on equivalent circular tube is varied in range of (8.1--19.2)·103. All tube shapes are investigated under similar operating conditions. Local heat transfer, pressure and friction coefficients over a surface of the tubes were presented. Obtained results agree well with those available in the literature. Correlations of the average Nusselt number Nuav and a friction factor f in terms of Reynolds number for the studied tubes were proposed. The results indicated that Nuav increases with increasing Re. In the contrary, f decreases as Re increases. Thermal-hydraulic performance is used to estimate the efficiency of the cam and drop-shaped tubes. Results show that the drop-shaped tube has the best thermal-hydraulic performance, which is about 1.6 and 2.5 times higher than that of the cam-shaped and circular tube, respectively
Parametric Calculations of the Aerodynamics of a Descent Vehicle
Authors: Dubovik V.N. , Zhukov V.T. , Manukovskii K.V. , Novikova N.D. , Tulin D.V. , Feodoritova O.B.
Published: May 2021

We present the methodology and results of parametric aerodynamic studies of vehicles descending into the planet’s atmosphere. The proposed computational approach might serve as the basis for solving a number of problems such as predicting and optimizing the descent trajectory of the vehicle, the search for a rational aerodynamic layout of the vehicle, i.e., tasks requiring massive parametric calculations. The systematization of such calculations is the first step towards the creation of a specialized database that includes sets of input and output data (flight speed, angles of attack, drag and lift coefficients, aerodynamic pitching moment, etc.) and the corresponding three-dimensional fields of gas-dynamic quantities together with computational meshes of various granularity and parameters of the computational model. Additional information to each element of the database might be a set of variables, parameterizing the geometry of the vehicle, experimental data, etc. The probability of forming the information content of such a data-base using modern supercomputer systems is shown. The capabilities of the domestic supercomputer aerodynamic code NOISEtte are demonstrated in the field of multiparametric three-dimensional calculations of descent vehicles based on the numerical solution of the Navier --- Stokes equations on three-dimensional unstructured meshes
Effect of Injection Phenomena on Electrical Properties of pSi--nSi1--xSnx Heterojunctions
Authors: Madaminov Kh.M.
Published: May 2021

We studied the current-voltage characteristic of pSi--nSi1--xSnx structures in the temperature range of 293--393 K so as to find out the role of injection phenomena during electrical property formation in pSi--nSi1--xSnх heterojunctions derived from the Si1--xSnx (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.04) solid solution. We established that the current-voltage characteristic of such heterojunctions consists of two typical segments. We determined that an exponential function describes the first current-voltage characteristic segment well. In all current-voltage characteristics the exponential curve is followed by sublinear segments that do not depend on temperature. We show that the theory of injection depletion effect describes these segments well. We used the sublinear segment of the current-voltage characteristic to determine the value of the parameter a, which can be employed to calculate deep level impurity concentration leading to the appearance of the sublinear segment. We prove that the structure under investigation may be considered to be a pSi--nSi1--xSnx--n+Si1--xSnx (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.04) junction with a high-resistance nSi1--xSnx layer. The analysis results make it possible to conclude that charge carrier dissipation on both complex aggregates and nanoinclusions plays a significant role in forming electrophysical properties in the Si1--xSnx (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.04) solid solution and that epitaxial films of Si1--xSnx (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.04) solid solutions derived on silicon substrates are efficient promising materials for developing diodes operating under double injection
INOVAÇÃO, MERCADOS E POLÍTICAS: ESTUDOS DE CASO E EXPERIÊNCIAS INTERNACIONAIS

INNOVATION, MARKETS AND POLITICS: CASE STUDIES AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES
Authors: Garcia Sandro Ruduit , Carneiro Marcelo Sampaio
Published: May 2021

Apresentação do Dossiê: Inovação, Mercados e Políticas.