bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing operational performance for SMMEs in the textile and clothing manufacturing sector in the eThekwini district
Authors:   , Dladla Sbonelo Comfort
Published: July 2022

Small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) play a pivotal role in the economy of a country through job creation, development and dealing with the issue of unemployment, all of which affect the government and its citizens. Therefore, it is important that SMMEs operate efficiently and run their businesses effectively in order to grow within their respective sectors. The low rate of success amongst SMMEs in South Africa (SA) over the years indicates that there are factors hindering the efforts of the country’s SMMEs from operating efficiently (Turton and Herrington 2012: 48). One of the factors is poor operational performance which is frequently quoted as a leading cause of failure amongst SMMEs within the manufacturing sector (Urban and Naidoo 2012: 146). Furthermore, the Economic Development and Growth in eThekwini (EDGE) (2013: 37-38) reveals that SMMEs within the textile and clothing manufacturing sector in the eThekwini district generally do not innovate and suffer from a lack of access to financial services. The study population was 94 small and micro enterprises (SMEs) in the textile and clothing manufacturing sector in the eThekwini district. The researcher could not find a data on medium enterprises as prospective participants in the study and obtained only 80 SMEs. A quantitative approach was used in the context of a census study. The study was descriptive and conclusive in nature. The results of the study indicate that SMEs apply innovative processes in their businesses and work at a favourable physical environment within eThekwini district. However, SMEs do not have sufficient access to government financial incentive schemes (GFIS) which could be a factor inhibiting their growth and development. Furthermore, despite the fact that many of the SMEs in the study agreed that assistance from government schemes can enhance their operational performance, almost half of them were not aware of relevant schemes. Therefore, it is important that the government, that is, the Department of Trade and Industry (dti) and Small Enterprise Development Agency (seda) and other relevant government agencies, reach out to as many of these SMEs as possible. This is an opportunity for the SA government to improve their efforts to create more jobs for SA citizens.
Building the capacity of young South African men in responsible, loving and nonviolent fathering
Authors:   , Kunsikila Diaku Dianzenza
Published: July 2022

The majority of South African children are growing up in households where the father is dead or absent. As a result, unless there is some other father figure in their lives, they do not experience fathering directly and so have a limited education in what it means to be a father. Given the extent of violence of various forms throughout the country, there is an urgent need to bring up children who are educated in values such as nonviolence and who will model and impart such values to their own children. The overall aim of this research is to investigate how to build the capacity of young men to be responsible, loving and nonviolent fathers. The research design included three components (exploration of the experiences and attitudes of young men regarding their own fathers), action research (in the form of devising a training programme in responsible, loving and nonviolent fathering, and implementing it with three groups of young men) and evaluation (of the effects of the training on attitudes which, it is hoped, will translate into positive fathering behaviour in the longer term). The short term outcome of the training indicates that changes in attitude in positive directions did take place for a significant minority of the trainees and suggests that training programmes of this type can be socially beneficial.
Peranan Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Kecamatan Tamalanrea dalam Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah di Kota Makassar
Authors: Akhmad Zaenal , Rahman  , Santosa Rudy
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis peran Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Kecamatan Tamalanrea serta faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh dalam optimalisasi kinerja Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Kecamatan Tamalanrea Kota Makassar. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif deskriptif dengan metode survey. Populasi penelitian adalah keseluruhan komponen yang menjadi objek penelitian dengan teknik penarikan sampel secara purposive. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuisioner, observasi, study kepustakaan dan dokumentasi. Data yang telah dikumpulkan melalui observasi, dokumentasi dan studi pustaka dalam penelitian ini dijadikan sebagai data sekunder, sedangkan data yang diperoleh dari kuisioner dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan program SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa peranan Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat sudah berjalan dengan baik, hal ini terlihat dengan skor rata-rata 2,95. Secara umum tingkat responsif dan akuntabilitas sudah berjalan dengan baik namun dari segi kualitas perencanaan dan produktivitas pengurus LPM masih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan akuntabilitas dan responsif. Faktor profesionalisme pengurus LPM, akurasi data dan informasi, sarana dan prasarana, koordinasi dan motivasi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Kinerja Pengurus LPM dimana nilai r hitung lebih besar dari r tabel, yakni nilai Sig.F = 0.000 < 0.05 ini berarti Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak. r hitung sebesar 0,740 dan r tabel sebesar 0,227.
PENGARUH PROFESIONALITAS GURU TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA PADA KELAS IV MI NW KARANG BARU TAHUN PELAJARAN 2020/2021
Authors: Munir Muhammad , Sholehah Hijriati
Published: July 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengetahui guru yang ada di MI NW Karang Baru dalam melaksanakan tugasnya dan menjalankan profesionalitasnya dalam proses belajar mengajar, (2) untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang prestasi belajar siswa, (3) untuk mengetahui terdapat pengeruh profesionalitas guru dalam proses belajar mengajar terhadap peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa di MI NW Karang Baru.

Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif, adapun instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini antara lain : observasi, wawancara, angket dan dokumentasi. Dan teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu teknik analisis deskriptif dan teknik analisis infrensial untuk menguji normalitas data, uji regresi linier sederhana, uji korelasi product moment dan determinasi

Hasil penelitian dari profesionalitas guru terhadap prestasi belajar siswa di MI NW Karang Baru. Pada perhitungan statistic korelasi product moment diperoleh rhitung =  0,927 sedangkan Harga rtabel pada taraf signifikan 5% yaitu 0,423. Setelah dikorelasikan  rhitung dan rtabel maka rhitung lebih besar dari pada rtabel = 0,927 > 0,423. Demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang positif antara profesionalitas guru terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, berdasarkan perhitungan didapat tingkat keslahan a =0,05;db=n-2 = 22-2 =20 sehingga didapat Ftabel  = 4,35 ternyata   Fhitung > Ftabel atau 18,83 > 4,35. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh profesionalitas guru terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas IV MI NW Karang Baru
KONSEP MAKNA UFF DALAM AL-QURAN
Authors: Noor Azka
Published: July 2022

Tulisan ini membahas tentang konsep birrul walidain dalam al-Quran khususnya pada Qs. Al-Isra’ ayat 23 yang agaknya dizaman sekarang cenderung diabaikan, tentu birrul walidain disini berkaitan dengan tindakan terutama ucapan kepada kedua orang tua. Dalam kajian semiotika, kata uff merupakan sebuah simbol dalam penyampaian ucapan yang harus diinterpretasikan. Salah satu teori semiotika yang dikembangkan oleh para cendikiawan adalah semiotika Roland Barthes karena yang digunakan Barthes adalah analisis struktural dalam kritik teks. Dalam teorinya, barthes menawarkan dua tahapan teori. Pertama, disebut sebagai sistem linguistik atau biasa dikenal dengan makna denotasi. Kedua, disebut sebagai sistem mitologi biasa dikenal dengan makna konotasi. Lebih detailnya. Pada sistem linguistik adalah pembacaan secara tekstual dan sistem mitologi adalah pembacaan secara kontekstual. Sudah dapat dipastikan, konsep birrrul walidain dalam al-Quran sangat relevan dengan teori Barthes, bahkan dengan permasalahan-permasalahan kontemporer lainnya saat ini. Kemudian, penulis akan mengaplikasikan teori semiotika Barthes untuk memahami konsep birrul walidain dalam al-Quran. Hasil dari pengaplikasian teori tersebut dalam Q.S al- Isra ayat 23, yaitu: sistem linguistik pada kata uff yang tidak  hanya diartikan “ah” melainkan juga larangan untuk tidak berkata kasar kepada orang tua. Sedangkan sistem mitologinya adalah seorang anak diharuskan untuk berbakti kepada orang tua dengan menyayagi keduanya. Adapun ideologi yang terkandung dalam ayat ini adalah berkaitan dengan akhlak, tidak hanya kepada kedua orang tua, namun juga kepada orang yang lebih tua
Influence of International Students’ Empathy on their Attitude towards Other Cultures
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad Umar , Mohammed Rosli , Dalib Syarizan
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of international students’ empathy on their attitude towards other cultures (ATOC) during inter-cultural communication. Previously, this relationship was addressed by western researchers in the culture-general models of intercultural communication competence (ICC). Until now, it is very hard to find such evidences that can establish the presence of relationship among empathy and ATOC from the non-western context. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of empathy on ATOC from the non-western context of Malaysia. The data was collected through simple random sampling by incorporating survey technique through quantitative research approach. Participants were the international students from University Utara Malaysia. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was incorporated to analyze the data in Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS). The findings of the study revealed that there is a positive significant effect of empathy on ATOC of the international students of Malaysia. In addition, the findings are evident that empathy of the international student has a strong impact on their positive ATOC. Lastly, this study supported the findings of earlier studies that witnessed that empathy is the predictor of ATOC.
The Meagerness of Simple Likert Scale in Assessing Risk: How Appropriate the Fuzzy Likert is?
Authors: Pervez A.K.M. Kanak , Maniruzzaman Md. , Shah Ashfaq Ahmad , Nabi Nur , Ado Abdou Matsalabi
Published: July 2022

Social scientists around the world commonly use the Likert scale. The scale has some limitations; in many cases, researchers are ignoring those limitations. Many social scientists have been trying to find out an alternative, but all initiatives do not correctly solve the problems. Among all limitations, the most critical issue is that Likert scale adopts a similar variance between two successive scale points. Fuzzy-Likert scale is a useful alternative for solving the existing limitation of the traditional Likert scale. Therefore, the current article describes the limitations of existing Likert scale and application of Fuzzy-Likert scale in perceived risk assessment. Naturally, risks are interrelated with different factors. Assessing risks with simple existing Likert scale is not entirely appropriate. A well-structured Fuzzy-Likert scale can be used to mitigate the existing problems. This article clarifies how efficiently researchers can use a Fuzzy-Likert scale for assessing the perceived risk in agriculture using a simple structured questionnaire with the help of an example. To reach the conclusions and recommendations, the researchers used different published articles, online repositories, report etc. through content analysis.
The Syntax of Negation of Serial Verbs in Urdu
Authors: Butt Bisma , Anwar Behzad , Rasool Shamshad
Published: July 2022

The focus of this study is to highlight the syntax of the negation marker in Urdu serial verbs. There are two types of serial verb constructions (SVCs) in Urdu. In SVC 1, negation marker either precedes both verbs or it comes in between SVC, whereas in SVC 2 single negation marker either comes in between SVC or double negation precedes both verbs in sequence. The insertion of single negation marker in SVC does not affect the agreement phenomenon in Urdu and it merely adds supplementary negation reading in the sentence. However, the double negation affects the agreement i.e. the basic construction of SVC-1 where the first verb remains frozen and the last verb shows agreement in terms of number, person, and gender but when double negation comes in SVC- 1 it converts the construction into SVC-2 where both verbs show agreement, and negation marker shows agreement in terms of aspect on first verb. Under the Minimalist Program, both negation markers originate under TP which is similar to Chomsky’s representation of negation in clause. First negation marker in double negation constituent takes the frozen verb as its compliment and becomes cause of its inflection, whereas the second negation marker is the specifier of the second verb which is similar to Bukhari’s analysis
METODE TOKEN ECONOMY UNTUK MEMODIFIKASI PERILAKU ANAK OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDERS
Authors: Faadhil Faadhil
Published: July 2022

Children with oppositional defiant disorders (ODD) have a tendency to against authority figures, which is shown by a tendency to argue with parents and teachers, refuse to follow orders from parents and teachers, and intentionally disturb others. This condition of course can hinder the optimal potential of the child and can interfere with the comfort of other children when children with ODD are in public places such as schools, so that effective handling is needed to reduce these unwanted behaviors. The focus of the behavior that wants to be modified in this study is the behavior of annoying friends during learning hours. This study aims to see the effectiveness of the token economy method in modifying disruptive behavior in children with ODD. This study used a single-case experimental design, and the process of analyzing the data was by comparing the average number of annoying behavior to friends before being given treatment and after giving treatment. Participant in this study was a child with ODD. The results of this study indicate that token ecomy can reduce disruptive behavior in children with ODD.
PENGARUH PERSEPSI DUKUNGAN ORGANISASI TERHADAP KESIAPAN UNTUK BERUBAH KARYAWAN
Authors: N Findy Suri
Published: July 2022

Organizational change is one of the important things that must be considered in the work environment. The thing that most influences the effectiveness of implementing change in the organization is the readiness of individuals to change. Perceptions of organizational support are factors that can increase readiness to change. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of perceived organizational support on the readiness to change of employees at the Chancellor Bureau, University of North Sumatra. The measurement tools of this research are the scale of readiness to change and the scale of perceived organizational support. This research was conducted on 130 employees at the North Sumatra Chancellor's Bureau. The results showed that there was a positive influence on the perception of organizational support together on the readiness to change among employees at the Chancellor Bureau, University of North Sumatra. The coefficient of determination (R) of perceived organizational support is able to explain the variable readiness to change in employees at the Chancellor's Bureau at the University of North Sumatra by 37.4% and the remaining 62.6% is explained by other independent variables that have not been studied.
INTEGRASI SOFT SKILLS PADA LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Zulfikar Zulfikar
Published: July 2022

Facing the rapid growth rate of globalization, then in fact Islamic teachings strongly encourage their followers to have soft skills. The skills possessed are not only aimed at personal development but also to the sustainability of human life. Muslims should not be satisfied with the nostalgia of past scientific achievements because the world of science is constantly changing. Therefore, Muslims should be able to collaborate with any religion as long as it is for the good of people's lives.

Islamic education is expected to be able to foster students' personalities by integrating faith and good deeds using both theoretical and practical approaches, so that students can practice them for future life. Some Islamic educational institutions that have integrated the values of soft skills include the Daarut Tauhid Boarding School pesantren in Bandung, Denanyar, Gontor, Tebuireng, Tegalrejo and Tambak Beras, each of which has its own characteristics in instilling these values.
HUBUNGAN PERSEPSI KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL DENGAN STRES KERJA PADA KARYAWAN PT. WESEN JAYATAMA CABANG MEDAN
Authors: Yunita Duma , Dewi Purba Anna Wati
Published: July 2022

Work stress is the staff to get down to get to the staff, both physically and psychologically due to a mismatch between the data used or working with the employees' abilities. When a person experiences stress, it is influenced by several factors, one of which is the stress that arises from the social environment in interpersonal relationships (interpersonal mismatch, personal freedom, isolation), so this study aims to see the relationship between perceptions of interpersonal communication and work stress on PT employees. . wesen jayatama Medan branch. The sample in this study was 75 employees, so the hypothesis put forward in this study is that there is a relationship between perceptions of interpersonal communication with work stress, assuming an increase in interpersonal communication with their leaders, the work stress will be lower and if the perception of interpersonal communication is not good then the stress will help employees will be even higher. The data were collected using a Likert scale and purposive sampling technique. Hypothesis testing is done using product analysis techniques from Karl's side. Based on the results of the data analysis carried out, it is found that there is a relationship between perceptions of interpersonal communication with work stress on employees.
A INEXISTÊNCIA DE DANO MORAL EM CASO DE VÍCIO REDIBITÓRIO EM CONTRATOS DE COMPRA E VENDA DE VEÍCULO
Authors: Duarte Matheus Oliveira , John Lucas Alex , Verneck Marcos Nunes Silva
Published: July 2022

O dano moral decorrente de defeito em veículo nos contratos de financiamento automotivo e a análise das relações de consumo e a questão do dano moral por defeito no veículo.  O simples surgimento de qualquer defeito ou vício no veículo, será passível de ensejar a indenização por danos morais, sob alegação de descumprimento contratual? A hipótese a ser desenvolvida é a inexistência de danos morais quando não houver vício redibitório, envolvendo contrato de compra e venda de veículo. Compreender os conceitos legais sobre contratos nas relações de consumo. Explicar a finalidade do Código de Defesa do Consumidor destacando as previsões legais acerca dos danos morais e vícios/defeitos dos produtos e serviços. Considerando que o presente trabalho é de natureza bibliográfica, o método de abordagem a ser adotado no seu desenvolvimento será o dedutivo, tendo pressuposto argumentos gerais, para argumentos particulares; quanto ao procedimento será analítico e o histórico crítico, a partir da doutrina e da jurisprudência dos tribunais. Quanto à metodologia, será de natureza qualitativa.
Black carbon aerosol reductions during COVID-19 confinement quantified by aircraft measurements over Europe
Authors: Krüger Ovid O. , Holanda Bruna A. , Chowdhury Sourangsu , Pozzer Andrea , Walter David , Pöhlker Christopher , Andrés Hernández Maria Dolores , Burrows John P. , Voigt Christiane , Lelieveld Jos , Quaas Johannes , Pöschl Ulrich , Pöhlker Mira L.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The abrupt reduction in human activities during the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented atmospheric conditions. To quantify the changes in lower tropospheric air pollution, we conducted the BLUESKY aircraft campaign and measured vertical profiles of black carbon (BC) aerosol particles over western and southern Europe in May and June 2020. We compared the results to similar measurements of the EMeRGe EU campaign performed in July 2017 and found that the BC mass concentrations (MBC) were reduced by about 48 %. For BC particle number concentrations, we found comparable reductions. Based on ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) chemistry-transport model simulations, we found differences in meteorological conditions and flight patterns responsible for about 7 % of the MBC reductions. Accordingly 41 % of MBC reductions can be attributed to reduced anthropogenic emissions. Our results reflect the strong and immediate positive effect of changes in human activities on air quality and the atmospheric role of BC aerosols as a major air pollutant in the Anthropocene.
Evaluation of the impact of calibration period for distributed modelling of the hydrological cycle during droughts
Authors: Bruno Giulia , Duethmann Doris , Avanzi Francesco , Alfieri Lorenzo , Libertino Andrea , Gabellani Simone
Published: July 2022

Drought risk will increase in the next decades due to anthropogenic warming, especially in the Mediterranean region. Therefore, robust hydrological models during droughts are essential tools for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation strategies. Yet, many studies showed drops in model performance when simulating periods with different climatic conditions from those of the calibration period, which poses challenges in properly simulating discharge (Q) during droughts. Some works also revealed that these issues may be related to the simulation of evapotranspiration (ET) and changes in terrestrial water storage (TWS) in the catchment, which has been shown to be highly sensitive to the calibration period too. Here, we analyzed how the simulation of Q, ET, and TWS differs according to the selected calibration period and during droughts, thus expanding on previous work on this matter that has mostly focused on Q. We compared two parameterizations of the distributed hydrological model Continuum for the Po river basin over 2009 – 2019. The northern Italian study area is characterized by a transition from continental to Mediterranean climates and experienced two major drought events during the study period (2012 and 2017). The two model parameterizations result from an iterative semi-automated calibration against Q data during a wet period for the first model variant (2018-2019), and during a dry period for the second model variant (2016-2017). We then evaluated the modelling skills in simulating Q, ET, and TWS for the whole river basin and 43 subcatchments in terms of both temporal and spatial variability, using ground-based and satellite-derived data as benchmark. Calibrating during a dry period improved the simulation of Q during low-flow conditions, as expected, though at the expense of model internal consistency, ET, and TWS representation. We also detected a general deterioration of modelling skills in reproducing Q and ET temporal dynamics, as well as ET and TWS spatial patterns, during droughts for both the model variants. Results call for (i) comprehensive evaluation of the output and states of hydrological models across the whole water balance, rather than only Q, to verify their internal consistency and (ii) the development of alternative calibration procedures to improve the distributed modelling of Q, ET, and TWS during dry periods. This is highly needed to properly predict water availability in the different compartments of the hydrological cycle in a changing climate.
Influence of Europa’s Time-Varying Electromagnetic Environment on Magnetospheric Ion Precipitation and Surface Weathering
Authors: Addison Peter , Liuzzo Lucas , Arnold Hannes , Simon Sven
Published: July 2022

We combine the electromagnetic fields from a hybrid model with a particle-tracing code to calculate the time-varying spatial distribution of magnetospheric ion flux onto the surface of Jupiter’s moon Europa. The electromagnetic fields at Europa are perturbed by the sub-alfvénic interaction of the moon’s ionosphere and induced dipole with the magnetospheric plasma. These perturbations substantially modify magnetospheric ion trajectories at all energies. We calculate spatially resolved surface flux maps of thermal and energetic ions for various distances between Europa and the center of Jupiter’s magnetospheric plasma sheet. The upstream ion distributions are constrained through in-situ particle data from the Galileo and Juno spacecraft. These maps are then combined to obtain the average distribution of magnetospheric ion surface flux over a full synodic rotation. Our results show that the draping and pileup of the magnetic field reduce ion flux onto Europa’s trailing hemisphere by several orders of magnitude, while a significant number of the incident ions are deflected onto the leading hemisphere. Taking into account the deflection of energetic ions in the draped electromagnetic fields shifts the region of minimum energetic ion surface flux from Europa’s wakeside equator to its ramside equator. This generates an “inverted bullseye” pattern of energetic ion flux centered at the trailing apex. Despite drastic changes to the morphology of the ion surface flux when the alfvénic plasma interaction is included, we still find a strong correlation between variations of sulfuric acid concentration observed across Europa’s surface by Galileo and our modeled sulfur influx pattern.
Phase curves at small phase angles of bodies from the SLOAN Moving Objects Catalog
Authors: Alvarez-Candal Alvaro , Jiménez Corral Santiago , Colazo Milagros
Published: July 2022

Phase curves of small bodies are useful tools to estimate sizes and, together with complementary theoretical and laboratory results, to understand their surfaces' micro and macroscopic properties. Although we can observe asteroids up to phase angles of about 30 degrees, the range of phase angles covered by outer solar system objects usually does not go further than 7 to 10 degrees. In this work, we aim to directly compare the phase curves of asteroids observed with low-phase angles with these of outer solar system objects, namely, trans-Neptunian objects and Centaurs.

We used data from the SLOAN Moving objects catalog assuming a simple linear model to compute absolute magnitudes and phase coefficients in the ugriz system, plus V and R filters.

We obtained absolute magnitudes in all filters for more than 4000 objects. Our comparison with outer solar system objects points to the common property of the surfaces: intrinsically redder objects become blue with increasing phase angle, while the opposite happens for intrinsically bluer objects.
An astrometric mass estimate for asteroid (223) Rosa
Authors: Kretlow Mike
Published: July 2022

Outer main belt asteroid (223) Rosa has been proposed as potential ESA JUICE mission flyby target of opportunity on its way to Jupiter (Avdellidou et al. 2021, Agostini et al. 2022). Rosa is a very dark (p < 0.05) object, with an effective diameter D of about 83 km. The very low albedo and the featureless red spectra indicate a P-type asteroid in the Tholen taxonomy, though the yet known bulk density estimates (2.0 ± 1.1 g cm−3 and 3.1 g cm−3; derived from masses by Fienga et al. 2019 and Park et al. 2021; see also Avdellidou et al. 2021) did not match very well this classification.

Aim of this work was to derive new estimates for the mass and for the bulk density for (223) Rosa. From the gravitational deflection on two small 'test' asteroids during close encounters with the perturber, namely (35525) 1998 FV64 on 2010-12-31.87 and (315162) 2007 FL24 on 2016-07-04.05, the mass of Rosa was derived as M = (3.62 ± 1.25) × 1017 kg (weighted mean of both results). This yields to a bulk density ρ = 1.2 ± 0.5 g cm−3, when adopting an effective diameter of D = 83 ± 8 km, as average of the available literature values. This density agrees well with typical densities for P-type asteroids like (87) Sylvia and (107) Camilla (ρ ≈ 1.3 g cm−3 ; see e.g. Carry et al. (2021), Vernazza et al. (2021)).

References
Agostini, L., Lucchetti, A., Pajola, M., et al. 2022, Planetary and Space Science, 216, 105476
Avdellidou, C., Pajola, M., Lucchetti, A., et al. 2021, A&A, 656, L18
Fienga, A., Deram, P., Viswanathan, V., et al. 2019, Notes Scientifiques et Techniques de l’Institut de Mecanique Celeste, 109
Carry, B., Vernazza, P., Vachier, F., et al. 2021, A&A, 650, A129
Park, R. S., Folkner, W. M., Williams, J. G., & Boggs, D. H. 2021, AJ, 161, 105
Vernazza, P., Ferrais, M., Jorda, L., et al. 2021, A&A, 654, A56
Empirical Structure Models of Uranus and Neptune 
Authors: Neuenschwander Benno
Published: July 2022

Uranus and Neptune are still poorly understood. Their gravitational fields, rotation periods, atmosphere dynamics, and internal structures are not well determined. In this paper, we present empirical structure models of Uranus and Neptune where the density profiles are represented by polytropes. By using these models that are set to fit the planetary gravity field, we predict the higher order gravitational coefficients J6 and J8 for various assumed rotation periods, wind depths, and uncertainty of the low-order harmonics. We show that faster rotation and/or deep winds favour centrally concentrated density distributions. We demonstrate that an accurate determination of J6 or J8 with a relative uncertainty no larger than 10% could constrain wind depths of Uranus and Neptune. We also confirm that the Voyager II rotation periods are inconsistent with the measured shapes of Uranus and Neptune. We next demonstrate that more accurate determination of the gravity field can significantly reduce the possible range of internal structures. Finally, we suggest that an accurate measurement of the moment of inertia of Uranus and Neptune with a relative uncertainty of ∼1% and ∼0.1%, could constrain their rotation periods and depths of the winds, respectively.
On the cost-efficiency of cyanobacterium-based, biological ISRU on Mars
Authors: Verseux Cyprien , Ramalho Tiago
Published: July 2022

To be sustainable, a settlement on Mars should be as independent of Earth as possible in terms of material resources. This independence may be reached with the help of biological systems: those could perform a wide range of functions with a low impact on the surroundings. However, biological systems would best rely on resources available on Mars – as recycling alone would mean that the amounts of available resources decrease over time – and most organisms cannot utilize raw Martian resources directly.

A solution has been proposed which lies in using diazotrophic, rock-weathering cyanobacteria. Their physiology is such that they could, it seems, be fed with materials available on site: water mined from the ground or atmosphere; carbon and nitrogen sourced from the atmosphere; and the local regolith, from which it has been argued that they could extract the other necessary nutrients. The cultured cyanobacteria could then produce various consumables directly, such as dioxygen and dietary supplements but also support the growth of secondary producers (plants or microorganisms) which could, in turn, generate a wide range of critical consumables.

Various proofs-of-concept have been reported in the literature and evidence accumulates that some cyanobacteria could, indeed, be fed from Martian resources and provide feedstock for other organisms of biotechnological interest. But whether a system works at all is not sufficient to decide whether it should be integrated into mission plans: its cost-efficiency must be determined and compared to potential alternatives.

Among the factors that will determine this cost-efficiency is the fitness of cyanobacteria under (i) hypobaria (low pressures), and as a result low partial pressures of dinitrogen; and (ii) a dependence on regolith for all nutrients not provided as gases, which would also lead to high concentrations of highly oxidizing compounds (chiefly, perchlorates) in the extracellular medium. Another key element is the design of specific cultivation hardware.

In this presentation, we will present the wet-lab and in-silico work performed at the ZARM’s Laboratory of Applied Space Microbiology to study those factors and thereby assess, and improve, the efficiency of cyanobacterium-based, biological ISRU on Mars.
Unbiasing the density of TTV-characterised sub-Neptunes in multi-planetary systems: re-analysis of 34 Kepler planets
Authors: Leleu Adrien , Delisle Jean-Baptiste , Udry Stéphane , Mardling Rosemary , Eggenberger Patrick , Turbet Martin , Egger Jo Ann , Alibert Yann , Stalport Manu , Chatel Gregory
Published: July 2022

Transit Timing Variations (TTVs) can provide useful information on compact multi-planetary systems observed by transits, by putting constraints on the masses and eccentricities of the observed planets. This is especially helpful when the host star is not bright enough for radial velocity follow-up. However, in the past decades, numerous works have shown that TTV-characterised planets tend to have a lower density than RV-characterised planets. Re-analysing 34 Kepler planets in the super-Earth to sub-Neptunes range using the RIVERS approach, we show that at least part of these discrepancies was due to the way transit timings were extracted from the light curve. We recover robust mass estimations for 23 of the planets and compare them to the RV-characterised population. Our analysis typically shifts the planets from a surprisingly low density in the mass/radius diagram to a new density and composition which is closer to the bulk of known exoplanets. These results are especially important to obtain an unbiased view of the compact multi-planetary systems detected by Kepler, TESS, and the upcoming PLATO mission.
Do we understand well how the Martian magnetosphere is organized?
Authors: Dubinin Eduard , Fraenz Markus , Paetzold Martin
Published: July 2022

The Martian magnetosphere contains elements of induced and intrinsic origin.  We will focus on three questions concerning its structure. Reconnection of the draping IMF with crustal field leads to a twisting of classical induced configuration. Why this twist is so stable and well arranged despite of a very complex topology of the crustal magnetic field.  Another interesting question is a significant asymmetry of the Martian magnetosphere. The observations show that additionally to the main draping of the interplanetary magnetic field lines in the antisunward direction a draping in the opposite direction to the motional electric field arises. What origin is of such asymmetry? The third question is related to the fact that Mars occurs not only in the flow of solar wind but also in the flow of ‘oxygen wind’ originating from the extended hot oxygen corona. What effects arise during such type of the interaction? We will discuss possible answers on these questions.
BepiColombo on its cruise to Mercury – first results and mission status 
Authors: Benkhoff Johannes , Murakami Go
Published: July 2022

BepiColombo has finished more than 50% of its about seven year-long cruise-phase. Launched on 20 October 2018 from the European spaceport Kourou in French Guyana it has successfully performed several flybys ( at Earth, twice at Venus and Mercury). BepiColombo with its state of the art and very comprehensive payload will perform measurements to increase our knowledge on the fundamental questions about Mercury’s evolution, composition, interior, magnetosphere, and exosphere. BepiColombo consists of two orbiters, the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) and the Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (Mio) and is a joint project between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).

Since the two spacecraft are in a stacked configuration during the cruise only some of the instruments will perform scientific observations. Mio and MPO are connected to each on-top of the Mercury Transfer Module (MTM). The MTM contains a solar electric propulsion engine and will bring the two spacecraft to Mercury. In late 2025, this ‘stack’ configuration is abandoned, the MTM will be jettisoned, and the individual elements spacecraft are brought into their final Mercury orbit: 480x1500km for MPO, and 590x11640km for Mio.  

Despite the reduced instrument availability, scientific and engineering operations has been scheduled during the cruise phase, especially during the swing-bys. A status of the mission and instruments, science operations plan during cruise, and first results of measurements taken in the first four years since launch will be given.
Constraining giant planet formation with synthetic ALMA images of the Solar System's natal protoplanetary disk
Authors: Bergez-Casalou Camille , Bitsch Bertram , Kurtovic Nicolas , Pinilla Paola
Published: July 2022

New ALMA observations of protoplanetary disks allow us to probe planet formation in other planetary systems, giving us new constraints on planet formation processes. Meanwhile, studies of our own Solar System rely on constraints derived in a completely different way. However, it is still unclear what features the Solar System protoplanetary disk could have produced during its gas phase. By running 2D isothermal hydro-simulations used as inputs for a dust evolution model, we derive synthetic images at millimeter wavelengths using the radiative transfer code RADMC3D. We find that the embedded multiple giant planets strongly perturb the radial gas velocities of the disk. These velocity perturbations create traffic jams in the dust, producing over-densities different from the ones created by pressure traps and located away from the planets’ positions in the disk. By deriving the images at λ = 1.3 mm from these dust distributions, we show that very high resolution observations are needed to distinguish the most important features expected in the inner part (<15 AU) of the disk. The traffic jams, observable with a high resolution, further blur the link between the number of gaps and rings in disks and the number of embedded planets. We additionally show that a system capable of producing eccentric planets by scattering events that match the eccentricity distributions in observed exoplanets does not automatically produce bright outer rings at large radii in the disk. This means that high resolution observations of disks of various sizes are needed to distinguish between different giant planet formation scenarios during the disk phase, where the giants form either in the outer regions of the disks or in the inner regions. In the second scenario, the disks do not present planet-related features at large radii. Finally, we find that, even when the dust temperature is determined self-consistently, the dust masses derived observationally might be off by up to a factor of ten compared to the dust contained in our simulations due to the creation of optically thick regions. Our study clearly shows that in addition to the constraints from exoplanets and the Solar System, ALMA has the power to constrain different stages of planet formation already during the first few million years, which corresponds to the gas disk phase.
Inclusion of Environmental Education in Basic Education: Tutored Study Plan for the Public Network of Minas Gerais
Authors: Nunes João Paulo Bertolace , Da Silva Carlos Alberto Figueiredo
Published: July 2022

This work aims to develop a didactic activity in the emergency remote teaching model through the PET (Tutorado Study Plan) for students to the 9th grade from the public network of the state of Minas Gerais. In addition, the proposal promotes awareness of various problems that will awaken students' ability to cooperate in preserving the environment.
Keywords: Emergency Remote Teaching; Environmental Education, School Practice; Local Development
Medios digitales y producción del género: el embarazo en tres sitios virtuales
Authors: Palomar Verea Cristina , Contreras Tinoco Karla Alejandra
Published: July 2022

Introducción y Objetivo. Cada vez más mujeres gestantes usan los medios digitales para obtener información sobre su estado o para socializar con otras en el mismo estado. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el impacto de los medios digitales en la producción de la subjetividad de las mujeres gestantes. Metodología. La metodología consistió en etnografía virtual en un grupo cerrado de Facebook, en la Aplicación BabyCenter y en una revista para embarazadas de consumo cultural digital. El análisis de la información fue mixto. Resultados. En los resultados destaca que temáticas comunes en los medios consultados fueron: mercado; moda; belleza y salud. En estos medios se producen regímenes de verdad en cuanto a las emociones esperadas y deseables para el tiempo de gestación, se promueve un imaginario del embarazo como centro de la vida de las mujeres, se produce una biopolítica de la reproducción y se invita a cierto autodisciplinamiento del yo. Conclusiones y Aportes. El aporte y originalidad de este trabajo radica en que mostramos cómo los medios digitales forman parte de una política global y cultural de circulación de verdades y saberes acerca del valor social de la maternidad, el embarazo y la reproducción de identidades femeninas que ponen en el centro el cuidado de otros. Dicha política está así en concordancia y es producto del orden de género, y es productora y reproductora de deseos, estereotipos y modos de existencia.
Un análisis de la fiscalidad española desde una perspectiva de género: reflexiones críticas para la defensa de la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres
Authors: Rodríguez Peña Nora Libertad
Published: July 2022

Introducción. Frente a la existencia de sesgos y discriminaciones de género aún latentes y vigentes en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico, la doctrina tributaria moderna ha trabajado de forma continua en las últimas décadas en la construcción de políticas fiscales como herramienta extrafiscal para la promoción de la igualdad. Objetivos y metodología. Como aportación a este proceso, en este artículo identificaremos, categorizaremos y analizaremos algunos de los sesgos y discriminaciones de género latentes en nuestra normativa tributaria, centrando nuestro interés en dos figuras impositivas concretas el IRPF y el IVA, dos manifestaciones de riqueza claves en materia tributaria, la renta y el consumo. Resultados y conclusiones. Este análisis nos permite realizar unas reflexiones con espíritu crítico que evidencian la necesidad de emprender reformas normativas sustanciales y en clave de género en nuestra normativa tributaria del IRPF y el IVA.
El ciberfeminismo como escenario de reivindicación. Los Premios Goya como caso de estudio
Authors: Fernández Torres María Jesús , Villena Alarcón Eduardo , Peña Pizón Celia
Published: July 2022

Introducción. La digitalización y el entorno tecnológico han permitido nuevas vías de comunicación para el feminismo que ha logrado una cobertura mediática que no hubiera sido posible sin Internet. El presente estudio pretende conocer cómo se estructuran los mensajes del movimiento feminista frente al reto de la convergencia a través del estudio de caso de la acción #MásMujeres implementada por la Asociación de Mujeres Cineastas y de Medios Audiovisuales (CIMA) llevada a cabo durante las ediciones de los Premios Goya desde 2018 a 2020. Metodología. La investigación recurre al análisis de contenido para identificar la cobertura mediática y el tratamiento informativo del evento, así como la difusión del contenido llevado a cabo a través de las redes sociales. Los resultados son validados a partir de una entrevista en profundidad aplicada a la responsable de la Asociación. Resultados. Los datos demuestran que la cobertura del evento ha ido disminuyendo con el paso del tiempo y que la difusión de contenido en redes sociales ha sido desigual a lo largo de los años, a pesar de las reacciones por parte de los públicos. Conclusiones y discusión. Del análisis se puede concluir que la alfombra roja responde a una herramienta oportuna de comunicación a la hora de difundir mensajes propios de la reivindicación social feminista pero que requiere de una planificación estratégica.
El “miedo a no ser creída” por los tribunales. Impunidad de la violencia sexual y domesticación femenina durante el siglo XXI en el Estado español
Authors: De Lamo Velado Irene
Published: July 2022

Introducción. Los objetivos del presente artículo son, en primer término, analizar la bibliografía existente sobre si el “miedo a no ser creída” por los tribunales y la desconfianza en el sistema judicial español actúa como un freno para que las mujeres denuncien las agresiones y abusos sexuales que sufren en el Estado español. En segundo lugar, se pretende examinar el estado del arte sobre el impacto en la vida de las mujeres de la de la Gran Recesión (2007/8-2013/4) y sobre el uso de la violencia contra las mujeres para calmar tensiones sociales en el caso español. Metodología: Desde una perspectiva socio legal se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de investigaciones teóricas y empíricas. En este último aspecto, se revisan estudios empíricos que abordan la victimización sexual en España en los últimos años y el impacto de la Gran Recesión (2007/8-2013/4) desde la perspectiva de género En el ámbito de las investigaciones teóricas principalmente se revisan las aportaciones del feminismo radical, de los feminismos marxistas y socialistas y de los feminismos negros y decoloniales. Conclusiones y aportación: Se denuncia un porcentaje muy reducido de la violencia sexual sufrida por las mujeres en España y los delitos sexuales poseen una impunidad elevada. Una de las causas principales es la falta de confianza en el sistema judicial y el “miedo a no ser creída” por los tribunales, en cuyo razonamiento se aprecia la existencia de mitos de la violación. Por otra parte, la Gran Recesión (2017/8-2013/4) ha empeorado la situación de las mujeres y ha acentuado la domesticación de las mujeres, ya que los cuidados se han privatizado y mercantilizado. Asimismo, se emplea la violencia contra las mujeres como una estrategia de domesticación femenina que empuja a las mujeres a los espacios domésticos, donde su fuerza de trabajo puede ser explotada, para mantener el orden neoliberal. Sin embargo, las conclusiones alcanzadas se ven limitadas porque el corpus de publicaciones sobre los temas abordados todavía es reducido y es necesario que se investiguen en profundidad.
De niñas a maestras. La educación emocional en la escuela rural femenina en el desarrollismo español (1957-1975)
Authors: Garrido García Alicia
Published: July 2022

Introducción y Objetivo. El principal objetivo de este artículo es reconstruir el estudio de las emociones en el desarrollismo español (1957-1975) a través de la historia oral de alumnas procedentes de una escuela rural que, posteriormente, se convirtieron en maestras. Metodología. El estudio, de carácter local, se sitúa en el pueblo de Madrigueras (Albacete). Hemos optado por el enfoque cualitativo, concretamente por el método histórico-educativo, enmarcado en el paradigma de la nueva Historia Cultural y Social. A partir del análisis de contenido, hemos realizado entrevistas en profundidad y complementado esa información con el análisis de los manuales y los libros de lectura usados por las alumnas en esta época, así como con documentación del archivo local del Ayuntamiento de Madrigueras. Con esta investigación pretendemos, además, indagar en las características de aquella escuela rural; analizar las figuras de la maestra y de la alumna; asimilar el tratamiento emocional que se vivió en las aulas; y comprender la motivación que impulsó a estas alumnas a cambiar la manera de educar cuando se hicieron maestras. Resultados y Conclusiones. El tratamiento emocional experimentado en las aulas determinó el modo en que buscaron renovarse, seguir formándose y crear afectos con su alumnado cuando pusieron en marcha sus propias prácticas docentes.