bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissemination of scientific software with Galaxy ToolShed
Authors: Blankenberg Daniel , Von Kuster Gregory , Bouvier Emil , Baker Dannon , Afgan Enis , Stoler Nicholas ,   Galaxy Team, Taylor James , Nekrutenko Anton
Published: February 2014

The proliferation of web-based integrative analysis frameworks has enabled users to perform complex analyses directly through the web. Unfortunately, it also revoked the freedom to easily select the most appropriate tools. To address this, we have developed Galaxy ToolShed.
“A Mission of Enormous Transcendence”: The Cultural Politics of Music During Colombia’s Liberal Republic, 1930-1946
Authors: Muñoz Catalina
Published: February 2014

This article examines the cultural programs developed by reformist intellectuals and artists working for the Colombian government during the period known as the Liberal Republic (1930-1946). It explores the implementation of two music programs in particular, the orfeones obreros and the murgas populares, with attention to both the political discourses from above and the everyday music practices from below. I show that, far from being inspired by common interest or nationalist sentiment alone, the ruling elites turned to cultural politics as an arena through which to define the relationship between the rulers and the ruled in a way that naturalized the former’s place in power. I argue that while music programs asserted the unity, horizontality, and inclusiveness of the nation by glorifying popular music, they also deepened the terms of exclusion they professed to level by essentializing the pueblo. However, this official celebration of popular culture, which rendered its practitioners archaic and passive repositories of the nation’s soul, was challenged by a very dynamic, effervescent, and transnationally open music landscape driven by the activities of creative grassroots musicians. Using data from the National Folkloric Survey of 1942, I explore the everyday music practices of popular sectors in different areas of the country and the challenge that these practices posed to elite definitions of popular music.
Interaction of the vinculin proline-rich linker region with vinexin α in sensing extracellular matrix stiffness
Authors: Yamashita Hiroshi , Ichikawa Takafumi , Matsuyama Daisuke , Kimura Yasuhisa , Ueda Kazumitsu , Craig Susan W. , Harada Ichiro , Kioka Noriyuki
Published: February 2014

Although extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness is an important factor of the extracellular microenvironment and is known to direct the lineage specification of stem cells and affect cancer progression, the molecular mechanisms that sense ECM stiffness have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we show that the proline-rich linker (PRL) region of vinculin and the PRL region-binding protein vinexin are involved in sensing stiffness of ECM substrates. A rigid substrate increases cytoskeleton-associated vinculin, and the fraction of vinculin stably localizing at focal adhesions (FAs) is larger on rigid ECM than on soft ECM. Mutations in the PRL region or the depletion of vinexin expression impair these regulations. Furthermore, vinexin depletion impaired the stiffness-dependent regulation of cell migration. These results suggest that the interaction of the PRL region of vinculin with vinexin α plays a critical role in sensing ECM stiffness and mechanotransduction.
RAGE signaling deficiency in rhabdomyosarcoma cells causes upregulation of PAX7 and uncontrolled proliferation
Authors: Riuzzi Francesca , Sorci Guglielmo , Sagheddu Roberta , Sidoni Angelo , Alaggio Rita , Ninfo Vito , Donato Rosario
Published: February 2014

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas (ERMSs) show elevated levels of PAX7, a transcription factor that marks quiescent adult muscle stem (satellite) cells and is important for proliferation and survival of activated satellite cells and whose timely repression is required for myogenic differentiation. However, the mechanism of PAX7 accumulation in ERMSs and whether high PAX7 causes uncontrolled proliferation in ERMS remains to be elucidated. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE, encoded by AGER) transduces a myogenic and anti-proliferative signal in myoblasts, and stable transfection of the ERMS cell line TE671, which does not express RAGE, with AGER results in reduced proliferation and formation of tumor masses in vivo, and enhanced apoptosis and myogenic differentiation. Herein, we show that RAGE expression is low or absent in human ERMSs. We also show that in ERMS cells (1) PAX7 accumulates owing to absent or low RAGE signaling; (2) elevated PAX7 levels reduce RAGE expression and levels of MyoD and myogenin, muscle-specific transcription factors required for myoblast proliferation arrest and differentiation, respectively; (3) PAX7 supports myoblast proliferation by reducing the levels of MyoD, primarily by promoting its degradation; and (4), when ectopically expressed in ERMS cells, that RAGE upregulates myogenin which upregulates MyoD and downregulates PAX7, with consequent inhibition of proliferation and stimulation of differentiation. Thus, failure to express RAGE and, hence, MyoD and myogenin above a critical level in ERMS cells might result in deregulated PAX7 expression leading to uncontrolled proliferation and, potentially, to rhabdomyosarcomagenesis.
Immune synapse targeting of specific recycling receptors by the intraflagellar transport system
Authors: Finetti Francesca , Patrussi Laura , Masi Giulia , Onnis Anna , Galgano Donatella , Lucherini Orso Maria , Pazour Gregory J. , Baldari Cosima T.
Published: February 2014

T cell activation requires sustained signaling at the immune synapse (IS), a specialized interface with the APC that assembles following TCR engagement by MHC-bound peptide. Central to sustained signaling is the continuous IS recruitment of TCRs which are partly mobilized from an endosomal pool by polarized recycling. We have identified IFT20, a component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) system that controls ciliogenesis, as a central regulator of TCR recycling to the IS. Here we have investigated the interplay of IFT20 with the Rab GTPase network that orchestrates recycling. We found that IFT20 forms a complex with Rab5 and the TCR on early endosomes. IFT20 knockdown resulted in a block of recycling TCRs in Rab5+ endosomes. Recycling of the transferrin receptor, but not of CXCR4, was disrupted by IFT20 deficiency. The IFT components, IFT52 and IFT57, were found to act in concert with IFT20 in regulating TCR and TfR recycling. The results provide novel insights into the mechanisms that control TCR recycling and IS assembly and underscore the trafficking-related function of the IFT system beyond ciliogenesis.
Centlein mediates an interaction between C-Nap1 and Cep68 to maintain centrosome cohesion
Authors: Fang Guoliang , Zhang Dachuan , Yin Huilong , Zheng Lu , Bi Xiaolin , Yuan Li
Published: February 2014

Centrosome cohesion, mostly regarded as a proteinaceous linker between parental centrioles, ensures that the interphase centrosome(s) function as a single microtubule-organizing center. Impairment of centrosome cohesion leads to the splitting of centrosomes. Although the list of cohesion proteins is growing, the precise composition and regulation of centrosome cohesion are still largely unknown. In this study, we show that the centriolar protein centlein (also known as CNTLN) localizes to the proximal ends of the centrioles and directly interacts with both C-Nap1 (also known as Cep250) and Cep68. Moreover, centlein complexes with C-Nap1 and Cep68 at the proximal ends of centrioles during interphase and functions as a molecular link between C-Nap1 and Cep68. Depletion of centlein impairs recruitment of Cep68 to the centrosomes and, in turn, results in centrosome splitting. Both centlein and Cep68 are novel Nek2A substrates. Collectively, our data demonstrate that centrosome cohesion is maintained by the newly identified complex of C-Nap1–centlein–Cep68.
Kurahamide, a Cyclic Depsipeptide Analog of Dolastatin 13 from a Marine Cyanobacterial Assemblage of Lyngbya sp.
Authors: Iwasaki Arihiro , Sumimoto Shinpei , Ohno Osamu , Suda Shoichiro , Suenaga Kiyotake
Published: February 2014

Kurahamide, a new dolastatin 13 analog, was isolated from a marine cyanobacterial assemblage, consisting mostly of Lyngbya sp. Its gross structure was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, and the stereochemistries were assigned based on a chiral HPLC analysis of hydrolysis products. Kurahamide strongly inhibited elastase and chymotrypsin in vitro. In addition, kurahamide moderately inhibited the growth of human cancer cells, including HeLa and HL60 cells.
Reasons of School Reforming Success in Finland
Authors: ��������  , Danilova Larisa
Published: February 2014

After announcement of PISA monitoring results for 2000 and 2003 the glory of European leader in the general education area has been strongly enshrined

for Finland. Its experience has being studied not only in EU. This country�s success is explained by a number of educational system organization

features, which have become a result of several school reforms. Some of features related to Finland school system�s reformatting processes in the 1960th,

which have become a basis of all further changes in education and caused high productivity of modern Finnish school are characterized in this paper.

The author analyzes principles of reforming, defines its prerequisites and factors explaining efficiency of transformations carrying out, pointing to Finnish

experience specifics, and draws a conclusion about these factors� importance for creation a scientific theory related to education reforming.
The Modern Maintenance of Technologies of Schoolchildren Keeping Health in Preparation of the Teacher for Realization of Federal State Educational Standards of Initial General and Basic Formation
Authors: ��������  , Naumenko Yuriy , ��������  , Naumenko O.
Published: February 2014

The article offers a fundamentally new categorical and conceptual framework (�health-saving technologies in education�, �health protection aspects of education� and ��health-forming education�, �readiness for optimization of viability in conditions of systemic social changes�), shows its links with other pedagogical concepts. Main directions of the domestic practice of health-saving education and given their comparative analysis. Is the baseline model of the nature activities of the school. Defined the strategic and tactical problems of the school for the formation of health as a social and cultural phenomenon. A system of didactic principles of constructing of the income component content in primary and basic education aimed at the formation of healthy life style as socio-cultural personality characteristics. The program of formation of the culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle, which is a comprehensive program of forming of knowledge, attitudes, personal benchmarks and norms of conduct for protecting and improving the physical, mental and social health of students. Conceptual provisions of the comprehensive psychological and pedagogical monitoring of the effectiveness of school on the formation of students social and cultural phenomenon �health�. About-appointed content and technology of preparation of the future teachers to the design and implementation of health activities in elementary and middle schools.
Econometric Analysis of the Factors of Long-term Unemployment in Poland
Authors: Śliwicki Dominik
Published: February 2014

Long-term unemployment that is lasting more than twelve months,a phenomenon described by the theory of economics as a manifestation of a permanentimbalance between labor supply and demand for labor. In fact, it bringsthe same negative effects both in terms of economic, social and individual sphere.As a result, it leads to the formation of pejorative phenomena and behavior. Tocounter these negative phenomena, public employment services in its terms ofreference have the early detection of people at risk of long-term unemployment andto take preventive measures.The purpose of this article is to present logit econometric models defining thefactors which have a significant impact on long-term unemployment. These modelscan be used to predict the probability of long-term unemployment at the microlevel, ie for a single person. Due to the fact that the survey methodology are two definitions of unemployment – the first by the methodology of the Labour ForceSurvey, the second according to the law on employment promotion and labor marketinstitutions, one presented two models describing the probability of long-termunemployment and a comparative analysis.
Development of Intra-industry Trade as a Measure of Competitiveness of the Polish Food Sector
Authors: Szczepaniak Iwona
Published: February 2014

This article aims at analysing the significance of the intra-industry trade in the Polish foreign trade in agri-food products and assessment of the competitiveness of the Polish food sector on this basis. The analysis uses, first of all, the index introduced by Grubel and Lloyd (hereinafter referred to as GL index), which is a commonly used indicator of intra-industry trade intensity and one of the measures of international competitiveness. The analysis showed that in the period of Poland’s membership in the European Union the foreign trade in agri-food products noted a significant boost and the competitive position of Polish food producers improved on the international scale. At the same time, the intensity level of intra-industry trade in these products increased considerably. In 2001-2011, the importance of intra-industry trade in the Polish agri-food trade increased by over 14 percentage points. Consequently, in 2011 almost 50% of the trade in agri-food products was intra-industry trade. A predominant part of this exchange was horizontal intra-industry trade, including trade in goods differentiated in respect to a given industry that were relatively highly processed and showed a high level of substitutability between each other. The intra-industry trade in differentiated products of lower level of processing was less intensive. These products included agricultural raw materials and homogeneous products. Moreover, as regards the food sector a quite significant part was played by vertical intra-industry trade, including re-export, i.e. export of finished goods manufactured form raw materials imported from other climate zones. The growing intensity level of intra-industry trade in agri-food products is one of the markers of high competitiveness of the Polish food producers.
Capecitabine and Gemcitabine (CapGem, CG, GemCap) for Advanced Pancreatic and Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Solimando Dominic A. , Waddell J. Aubrey
Published: February 2014

The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
Pimozide: Parasitosis (Delusional)
Authors: Generali Joyce A. , Cada Dennis J.
Published: February 2014

This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label Drug Facts, a publication available from Wolters Kluwer Health. Off-Label Drug Facts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific drug uses that are unapproved by the US Food and Drug Administration. This new guide to the literature enables the health care professional or clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information before patient care decisions are made. Direct questions or comments regarding Off-Label Drug Uses to jgeneral@ku.edu .
"Marimbondos": a review on the neotropical swarm-founding polistines.
Authors: Noll Fernando Barbosa
Published: February 2014

Neotropical swarm-founding polistines, the Epiponini, compose a highly social tribe of vespids which displays several complex social characteristics, such as: intricate nest building, polygyny, swarm reproduction, and the absence of morphology caste discontinuities, a trait that would not be expected for a highly eusocial group. The biology of Epiponini will be reviewed, evidencing the scarcity of information for this group and also that not all social insects might fit in traditional theories for the evolution of social behavior.
Pupae Transplantation to Boost Early Colony Growth in the Weaver Ant Oecophylla longinoda Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Ouagoussounon Issa , Sinzogan Antonio , Offenberg Joachim , Adandonon Appolinaire , Vayssières Jean-François , Kossou Dansou
Published: February 2014

Oecophylla ants are currently used for biological control in fruit plantations in Australia, Asia and Africa and for protein production in Asia. To further improve the technology and implement it on a large scale, effective and fast production of live colonies is desirable. Early colony development may be artificially boosted via the use of multiple queens (pleometrosis) and/or by adoption of foreign pupae in developing colonies. In the present experiments, we tested if multiple queens and transplantation of pupae could boost growth in young Oecophylla longinoda colonies. Colonies with two queens artificially placed in the same nest, all perished due to queen fighting, suggesting that pleometrosis is not used by O. longinoda in Benin. In contrast, pupae transplantation resulted in highly increased growth rates, as pupae were readily adopted by the queens and showed high survival rates (mean = 92%). Within the 50-day experiment the total number of individuals in colonies with 50 and 100 pupae transplanted, increased with 169 and 387 %, respectively, compared to colonies receiving no pupae. This increase was both due to the individuals added in the form of pupae but also due to an increased per capita brood production by the resident queen, triggered by the adopted pupae. Thus pupae transplantation may be used to shorten the time it takes to produce weaver ant colonies in ant nurseries, and may in this way facilitate the implementation of weaver ant biocontrol in West Africa.
Taxonomic Studies on the Ant Genus Strumigenys Smith, 1860 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with Report of Two New Species and Five New Records Including a Tramp Species from India
Authors: Bharti Himender , Akbar Shahid A
Published: February 2014

The Indian species of the ant genus Strumigenys Smith, 1860 are keyed. 24 species are recognized two of which are described as new and five represent new records to India. The 24 Indian species are: S. aduncomala de Andrade, 2007; S. assamensis de Andrade, 1994; S. emmae (Emery, 1890); S. exilirhina Bolton, 2000; S. fixata Bolton, 2000; S. godeffroyi Mayr, 1866; S. habropilosa Bolton, 2000; S. hemisobek (Bolton, 2000); S. hostilis Bolton, 2000; S. hypoturba Bolton, 2000; S. lyroessa (Roger, 1859); S. membranifera Emery, 1869; S. mitis (Brown, 2000); S. mukkaliensis sp. n.; S. mutica (Brown, 1949); S. nannosobek (Bolton, 2000); S. nanzanensis Lin & Wu, 1996; S. nepalensis de Andrade, 1994; S. peraucta Bolton, 2000; S. podarge (Bolton, 2000); S. rogeri Emery, 1890; S. smythiesii Forel, 1902; S. thanikkudyensis sp. n. and  S. virgila Bolton, 2000. 5 species S. hemisobek; S. mitis; S. mutica; S. nannosobek and S. rogeri represent first records from India. Among these S. rogeri is a tramp species which extends its limit to India as well. A revised key to the Indian ants of this genus is also provided herewith.
Parasitoids of Acromyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Leaf-Cutting Ants in Continuous and Fragmented Atlantic Forest
Authors: Elizalde Luciana , Queiroz Jarbas Marçal de
Published: February 2014

Fragmentation of the habitat is a major threat to biodiversity in Atlantic forest. Parasitoids seem to be particularly susceptible to habitat fragmentation. This study evaluated whether habitat fragmentation affected the interactions between phorid parasitoids and their Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ant host. Host density, and parasitoid species richness, abundance and proportion of nests with phorids were compared for a fragmented landscape and a well-preserved continuous forest in the Atlantic forest in Rio de Janeiro. Five Acromyrmex species and seven species of phorid parasitoids were found, most of them attacking exclusively Acromyrmex niger (Smith). Host nest density was similar in continuous and fragmented forests, and host species density was higher in fragmented forest. Parasitoid species richness, abundance and proportion of ant nests with phorids were higher in the continuous forest. This work showed for the first time the negative effect that forest fragmentation has on parasitoid species of Acromyrmex ants, apparently due to phorid inability to reach fragments. However, even when phorid abundance was considerably reduced in forest fragments, phorids of some species were able to parasitize ants there. In addition, the quantitative interactions among Acromyrmex ants and their parasitoids in Atlantic forest are described for the first time.
Differential Gene Transcription in Honeybee (Apis cerana) Larvae Challenged by Chinese Sacbrood Virus (CSBV)
Authors: Zhang Yi , Huang Xiu , Xu ZaiFu , Han RiChou , Chen JingHua
Published: February 2014

Honey bees are economically important social insect. They are suffering from all kinds of pathogens, especially the virus. In response to pathogens, different immune pathways such as Toll, Imd, Jak-Stat and RNAi are involved. In the present study, the transcription analysis of 32 immune-related genes from Apis cerana challenged by Chinese sacbrood virus (CSBV), the most widely distributed virus in A. cerana, was carried out by qRT-PCR to provide cues for the antiviral mechanism and the effective control of bee viruses. The expression level of 22 genes were statistically changed, including 11 up-regulated genes (catus-2, lys-2, vir, s3a, mta1, faa, vhdl, co-1-iv, ago-1, ago-3, aub) in which 3 (ago-1, ago-3, aub) were related to RNAi pathway, and 11 down-regulated genes (kenny, pgrp-lc, pgrp-s2, abaecin, lys-1, lys-3, domeless, tepa, mlc, dscam, rpl8) related to Toll, Imd, and Jak-Stat pathways. The results indicated CSBV infection in A. cerana may activate a RNA-based antiviral immunity system. This work constituted the first report, under laboratory conditions, about induction of immune related genes in response to CSBV.
The Odorant-Binding Protein Gene obp11 Shows Different Spatiotemporal Roles in the Olfactory System of Apis mellifera ligustica and Apis cerana cerana
Authors: Zhao Hongxia , Luo Yuexiong , Lee Jianghong , Zhang Xuefeng , Liang Qin , Zeng Xinnian
Published: February 2014

Odorant-binding proteins participate in the olfactory system of the honeybee. Apis mellifera ligustica and Apis cerana cerana are species of honeybee that have different biologic functions. The two species have diversified olfactory systems, with A. cerana displaying sensitive olfactory involvement in collecting nectar and pollen from small plants; and A. mellifera collecting from large nectariferous plants. We hypothesized that, given this difference in biologic activity, the gene obp11 of A. mellifera and A. cerana may show different olfactory expression patterns. We cloned and sequenced the obp11 genes from A. mellifera (Amobp11) and A. cerana (Acobp11). Using quantitative real-time PCR, we demonstrated that nurse workers, which have the highest olfactory sensitivity in the A. mellifera hive, have the highest expression of Amobp11; whereas 1-day-emerged  workers, which have lowest olfactory sensitivity, have correspondingly low expression. However, the highest expression of Acobp11 is observed for foragers, which display the highest olfactory sensitivity in the A. cerana population. The OBP11 protein from the two species is highly conserved, with an apparent molecular weight and predicted extracellular localization that is similar to other OBP proteins. The expression of the obp11 gene in A. mellifera and A. cerana correlates with the different roles of the olfactory system for the two different species. These findings support the critical role of odorant-binding proteins in the Apis olfactory system
Multiple male and female reproductive strategies and the presence of a polyandric mating system in the termite Reticulitermes labralis (Isoptera:Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: Wu Jia , Su Xiaohong , Kong Xiaohong , Liu Minghua , Xing Lianxi
Published: February 2014

Reproductive systems of termite colonies may involve the number of individuals in the reproductive caste and the copulatory selectivity of reproductive individuals (i.e., polyandry or polygamy), both of which directly impact the fertility and genetic diversity of the colony. Polygamy is widespread in the lower termites, whereas polyandry appears to be mostly absent in termites. In this paper, the differentiation of male and female neotenics were observed in orphaned experimental colonies of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes labralis. The artificial orphaned colonies began to produce neotenics a week after colony establishing, with more neotenics appearing in the same group over time. Finally, each experimental group reserved multi-neotenics that consisted of male and female neotenic individuals. Our results demonstrated that these neotenic individuals retained in the colony participated in reproduction. A genetic analysis at four microsatellite loci showed that in addition to the conspicuous morphologically male reproductives, there were inconspicuous males or workers that had copulated with the females in the orphaned colony. Multiple male and female reproductive individuals existed together in a single colony, and one female neotenic could mate with several male reproductives in a short time. Thus, multiple male and female reproductive systems and a polyandric mating system are present in R. labralis.
Phenology of European Hornet, Vespa crabro L. and Saxon Wasps, Dolichovespula saxonica Fabr. (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) and the Influence of the Weather on the Reproductive Success of Wasps Societies in Urban Conditions
Authors: Nadolski Jerzy
Published: February 2014

In subsequent years, changes in the period of colonies activity for both species of wasps were observed as well as the longer period of development of wasp societies in the city than in the forest. There was not found a clear influence of weather conditions in winter on date of colonies initiation. However, low temperatures and rainfall in May caused delaying the initiation of nesting. The temperature in winter had a little impact on the number of queens that survived the winter and established their colonies in spring, but the humidity in winter had influence on the count of queens and thereby on the number of future nests especially in the forest area.
Laboratory Rearing and Niche Resources of Pseudacteon spp. Coquillett (Diptera: Phoridae) Parasitoids of Solenopsis saevissima (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Pesquero Marcos Antônio , Vaz Ana Paula de Almeida , De Arruda Filipe Viegas
Published: February 2014

Solenopsis saevissima (Smith) is associated with a group of nine Pseudacteon Coquillett species in Brazil.Pseudacteon affinis Borgmeier, Pseudacteon dentiger Borgmeier and Pseudacteon disneyi Pesquero were created in a laboratory from parasitized workers of S. saevissima. The other phorid species grew only until the pupa phase due to low temperature and humidity when kept in a climatic chamber. Pseudacteon cultellatus Borgmeier was more efficient than the other species, taking 12 days to kill the host workers. Similar to the group of phorid species parasitizingSolenopsis invicta Buren, the daily period of activity and body size are important factors to be considered in the use of these natural enemies in future programs of biological control of S. saevissima.
Selection Method of Quasi-Continuous Wavelength Combination with Applications to the Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of Soil Organic Matter
Authors: Pan Tao , Li Minmiao , Chen Jiemei
Published: February 2014

Equidistant combination multiple linear regression (EC-MLR) for the quasi-continuous wavelength selection of spectroscopic analysis was proposed and successfully applied to the reagent-free determination of soil organic matter with near-infrared spectroscopy. For comparison, the continuous-mode moving window partial least squares (MWPLS) and the discrete-mode successive projections algorithm (SPA) were improved by considering the stability and applied to the same analysis object as well. All methods exhibited good effect, but the modeling accuracy, stability, and validation effect of EC-MLR were better than that of the other two methods. Compared with MWPLS, the optimal EC-MLR model contained only 16 wavelengths, and method complexity was substantially reduced. Compared with SPA-MLR, the optimal EC-MLR model could easily undergo spectral preprocessing to improve predictive capability. Moreover, appropriate equidistant discrete wavelength combination with EC-MLR corresponded to the spectral absorption band with proper resolution and can effectively overcome co-linearity interruption for the MLR model. Thus, the EC-MLR method has great potential in practical application and instrument design.
Atomization of Cadmium Compounds under Reactive and Inert High-Temperature Environment with Stationary Sample Introduction
Authors: Nagy Dávid , Nagy Tibor , Balogh Attila , Falussy Csaba , Posta József
Published: February 2014

Atomization of cadmium compounds (acetate, chloride, nitrate, perchlorate, sulfate, formate, propionate) was studied using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Our goal was to study processes influencing atomization separately, the focus was on the contribution of thermal properties of substances to atomization. For this purpose new techniques and equipment have been developed, such as a special separated three-slot burner, quartz flame furnace, and an electrically heated thermospectrometer. According to quartz flame furnace and thermospectrometric measurements, cadmium salts do not atomize below 600 °C in an inert atmosphere. We found that in the thermospectrometer the atomization of cadmium compounds follows at least two different reaction courses. At lower temperatures (650–700 °C) a slower mechanism is dominant at higher regions of the furnace, while at 800 °C a faster mechanism demanding less residence time in the furnace becomes dominant. Under inert atmosphere the degree of atomization strongly depends on the thermal properties of substances.
New Design Method for a Phase Plate in Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Bokor Nandor , Iketaki Yoshinori
Published: February 2014

The performance of a super-resolution fluorescence depletion microscope system depends crucially on the precise alignment of the pump and erase beams with the axis of the focusing objective. Here, we propose a new design method for a two-color spiral phase plate with a single-layer structure (S2SPP), and we experimentally investigate the image properties given by the phase plate. In spite of its simple structure, the plate can provide a super-resolution image with a spatial resolution better than 70 nm. Beside eliminating alignment problems and yielding a compact setup, the simplicity of fabrication of the S2SPP makes our proposed method very suitable for commercial microscope systems.
Synchronization of Strictly Different Hyperchaotic Systems with Uncertain Parameters and Models
Authors: Solís-Perales G. , Obregón-Pulido G. , Ruiz-Velázquez G.
Published: February 2014

The synchronization of hyperchaotic systems with strictly different models measuring only output variables is presented. The synchronization of strictly different systems has been studied assuming the knowledge of the system parameters and/or the full knowledge of the systems to be synchronized. Here the synchronization of hyperchaotic systems is presented assuming that only the output system states are available for feedback. The controllers mainly counteract the effect of parametric uncertainties and differences between vector fields. The control actions are given by linearizing control laws and high gain state estimators, in such manner that both hyperchaotic systems are synchronous. Numerical simulation using the Rössler and Chen hyperchaotic systems is used to corroborate the results.
Efficient Time Series Clustering and Its Application to Social Network Mining
Authors: Zhou Cangqi , Zhao Qianchuan
Published: February 2014

Mining time series data is of great significance in various areas. To efficiently find representative patterns in these data, this article focuses on the definition of a valid dissimilarity measure and the acceleration of partitioning clustering, a common group of techniques used to discover typical shapes of time series. Dissimilarity measure is a crucial component in clustering. It is required, by some particular applications, to be invariant to specific transformations. The rationale for using the angle between two time series to define a dissimilarity is analyzed. Moreover, our proposed measure satisfies the triangle inequality with specific restrictions. This property can be employed to accelerate clustering. An integrated algorithm is proposed. The experiments show that angle-based dissimilarity captures the essence of time series patterns that are invariant to amplitude scaling. In addition, the accelerated algorithm outperforms the standard one as redundancies are pruned. Our approach has been applied to discover typical patterns of information diffusion in an online social network. Analyses revealed the formation mechanisms of different patterns.
Contesting the Value of “Creating Shared Value”
Authors: Crane Andrew , Palazzo Guido , Spence Laura J. , Matten Dirk
Published: February 2014

This article critiques Porter and Kramer's concept of creating shared value. The strengths of the idea are highlighted in terms of its popularity among practitioner and academic audiences, its connecting of strategy and social goals, and its systematizing of some previously underdeveloped, disconnected areas of research and practice. However, the concept suffers from some serious shortcomings, namely: it is unoriginal; it ignores the tensions inherent to responsible business activity; it is naïve about business compliance; and it is based on a shallow conception of the corporation's role in society. [Michael Porter and Mark Kramer were invited to respond to this article. Their commentary follows along with a reply by Crane and his co-authors.]
Employee Contributions to Brand Equity
Authors: Gelb Betsy DuBois , Rangarajan Deva
Published: February 2014

Viewing employees as elements of a brand or as “brand ambassadors” means that almost any policy can affect brand equity. Resource allocation for brand-building requires understanding what differentiates “our brand” in order to focus resources on the employees who provide that difference. Employees' commitment to the brand increases when they know how they can contribute. Management actions matter—from small issues like free coffee to large issues like mass layoffs.
Alkaline Cements of Waste Glass and Metakaolin, Strength as a Function of the Chemical Composition
Authors: Ortega-Zavala D. E. , Gorokhovsky Alexander , Escalante-García J. I.
Published: February 2014

Pastes of waste glass (WG) and metakaolin (MK) were prepared by chemical activation with sodium silicate solutions of modulus Ms = 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 1.25 adjusted with sodium hydroxide. An experimental design was carried out using the Taguchi method. The compressive strength (CS) was followed for up to 120 days and then 4 selected formulations of the higher CS were further characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the CS depends on the experimental conditions of %WG, %Na2O and Ms and showed a maximum of 70 MPa after 120 days for the paste with 100%WG (%wt.), 8% Na2O and Ms=1.25; while a Portland cement specimen cured at 20°C reached 43MPa. The WG is more reactive than the MK under less alkaline conditions. The features of the microstructures varied notably with the %WG; however all showed relative dense matrices of reaction products, in agreement with the CS attained.
Statistical Study of the Effect of the Composition on the Strength of Supersulphated Cements
Authors: Castillo-Sánchez Y.B. , Almanza-Robles J.M. , Escalante-García J.I.
Published: February 2014

Supersulphated cements (SSC) are environmentally friendly binders that incorporate several raw materials, including byproducts. A systematic study was considered opportune considering the wide range of formulations found in the literature. The effect of the type and proportioning of components in the strength of SC was investigated using the Taguchi method to optimize the experimental work and to define the optimal conditions. The factors were: [A] %blast furnace slag (82.5-90%), [B] CaSO4 - alkaline activator ratio (1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3 and 0:1), [C] type of CaSO4 (5 types) and [D] type of alkaline activator (portland cement, Ca(OH)2, KOH and NaCO3 and 2 combinations of these). Pastes were prepared and characterized for up to 28 days at 20°C. In general, for all values of [A] the best strength was for levels of [C] at 3:1, followed by the 1:1 and 1:0 ratios. The optimal conditions using the 28 day strength consisted of [A]= 82.5%, [B]= 3:1, [C]= flyorgypsum and [D] = portland cement, which developed excellent strength from day one and 35MPa. X-ray diffraction showed ettringite and C-S-H formation from the early ages. The microstructures showed dense matrices of reaction products well bonded to partially reacted slag grains, which in some cases showed rims of hydration products.
Phonon Deformation Potential Constants of Wurtzite ZnO: A First-Principles Study
Authors: Shimada Kazuhiro , Hiramatsu Tomoyasu , Kato Hitoshi
Published: February 2014

We performed first-principles calculations to obtain the phonon deformation potential (PDP) constants of wurtzite ZnO. The results are in good agreement with available experimental data except for a few PDP constants. We also found that the phonon frequencies of the A1 and B2 modes have relatively stronger nonlinear characteristics than the other modes.
Mucocele and Fibroma: Treatment and Clinical Features for Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Valério Rodrigo Alexandre , Queiroz Alexandra Mussolino de , Romualdo Priscila Coutinho , Brentegani Luiz Guilherme , Paula-Silva Francisco Wanderley Garcia de
Published: February 2014

Mucocele is a benign lesion occurring in the buccal mucosa as a result of the rupture of a salivary gland duct and consequent outpouring of mucin into soft tissue. It is usually caused by a local trauma, although in many cases the etiology is uncertain. Mucocele is more commonly found in children and young adults, and the most frequent site is the lower inner portion of the lips. Fibroma, on the other hand, is a benign tumor of fibrous connective tissue that can be considered a reactionary connective tissue hyperplasia in response to trauma and irritation. They usually present hard consistency, are nodular and asymptomatic, with a similar color to the mucosa, sessile base, smooth surface, located in the buccal mucosa along the line of occlusion, tongue and lip mucosa. Conventional treatment for both lesions is conservative surgical excision. Recurrence rate is low for fibroma and high for oral mucoceles. This report presents a series of cases of mucocele and fibroma treated by surgical excision or enucleation and the respective follow-up routine in the dental clinic and discusses the features to be considered in order to distinguish these lesions from each other.
Retained Third Molars Removal in a Severely Resorbed Edentulous Mandible. A Case Report
Authors: Sverzut Cassio Edvard , Trivellato Alexandre Elias , Sverzut Alexander Tadeu , Azenha Marcelo Rodrigues , Yamaji Marco Aurélio Kenichi , Pepato Andre Oliveira
Published: February 2014

The presence of asymptomatic third molars can represent a potential problem in the mandible when these teeth are retained and the patient has lost all normally erupted teeth. Once the mandibular first and second molars are removed, the mandibular body becomes weaker with time, increasing the complexity, morbidity and incidence of complication in the surgical procedure to remove the retained third molar. This paper reports a case where the mandibular third molars retained in a severely resorbed mandible were removed in a 54-year-old female patient. The treatment plan was based on the safe surgical removal of the teeth and prosthetic rehabilitation with an implant-supported milled bar overdenture and a bone-mucous-supported complete denture in the mandibular and maxillary arch, respectively. If the removal of a retained third molar is indicated in a severely resorbed edentulous mandible, the treatment plan must involve not only preventive measures in order to avoid mandible fracture during or after tooth removal, but also alternatives that allow an adequate mandibular rehabilitation.
Use of a New Fibrin Sealant and Laser Irradiation in the Repair of Skull Defects in Rats
Authors: Iatecola Amilton , Barraviera Benedito , Junior Rui Seabra Ferreira , Santos Geovane Ribeiro dos , Neves José Ivanildo , Cunha Marcelo Rodrigues da
Published: February 2014

This study evaluated the osteogenic capacity of a new fibrin sealant (FS) combined with bone graft and laser irradiation in the bone repair. Defects were created in the skull of 30 rats and filled with autogenous graft and FS derived from snake venom. Immediately after implantation, low-power laser was applied on the surgical site. The animals were divided in: control group with autogenous graft (G1), autogenous graft and laser 5 J/cm2 (G2), autogenous graft and laser 7 J/cm2 (G3), autogenous graft and FS (G4), autogenous graft, FS and laser 5 J/cm2 (G5), autogenous graft, FS and laser 7 J/cm2 (G6). The animals were sacrificed 6 weeks after implant. Results showed absence of inflammatory infiltrate in the bone defect. New bone formation occurred in all groups, but it was most intense in G6. Thus, the FS and laser 7 J/cm2 showed osteoconductive capacity and can be an interesting resource to be applied in surgery of bone reconstruction.
Effectiveness of a Canal Brush on Removing Smear Layer: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Protogerou Eleni , Arvaniti Ioanna , Vlachos Ioannis , Khabbaz Marouan Georgios
Published: February 2014

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a highly flexible endodontic brush made of polypropylene canal brush (CanalBrush; Coltène) on smear layer removal from the canal walls when used according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Forty-four single-rooted mandibular incisors were prepared to apical size 30/0.06 and randomly divided into three groups A, B and C, where the final irrigation regimen was 10 mL 17% EDTA and 10 mL 2.5% NaOCl for group A, 10 mL EDTA, 5 mL NaOCl, CanalBrush for 20 s at 450 rpm and 5 mL NaOCl for group B, 10 mL NaOCl, CanalBrush and 10 mL NaOCl for group C. One medium-sized CanalBrush was used for each root canal and all brushes were examined under the optical microscope after application to evaluate bristle deformation. Afterwards, roots were split longitudinally and the presence of smear layer was evaluated under a scanning electron microscope. Used brushes invariably exhibited bristle deformation. Group C exhibited the highest means of smear layer in all thirds. Comparing the apical thirds in all groups, there was no statistical difference between groups A and B (3.64±0.48 and 3.68±0.62 respectively), while group C exhibited significantly higher scores (3.9±0.28) than the other two groups. In conclusion, the CanalBrush proved unable to remove smear layer from the instrumented root canals, when used according to the manufacturers' instructions.
Effect of Activation Mode on Shear Bond Strength of Metallic Brackets
Authors: Correr Américo Bortolazzo , Costa Ana Rosa , Lucato Adriana Simoni , Vedovello Silvia Amélia , Valdrighi Heloísa Cristina , Vedovello Filho Mário , Correr-Sobrinho Lourenço
Published: February 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic orthodontic brackets bonded to bovine teeth using light-activated or chemically activated composite resins. One hundred and twenty bovine mandibular incisors were divided into 6 groups (n=20), according to the bonding materials: Transbond XT (T); Enforce Dual (ED); Enforce chemical (EC); Enforce Light-activated (EL); Concise Orthodontic (C); and RelyX Unicem Capsule (UN). Metallic brackets were positioned and firmly bonded to the teeth. Light-activation for T, ED, EL and UN was carried out with four exposures on each side of the bracket with 20 s total exposure times using XL2500 (3M ESPE). EC and C were chemically cured. Next, all specimens were stored in deionized water at 37 °C for 24 h. The shear bond strength was carried out at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was evaluated at 8× magnification. C (17.72±4.45) presented significantly higher SBS means (in MPa) than the other groups (p<0.05), followed by EC (11.97±5.77) and ED (10.57±1.32). EL (5.39±1.06) and UN (4.32±1.98) showed the lowest SBS means, while T (9.09±2.56) showed intermediate values. For ARI, there was a predominance of score 0 for EC, C and UN, and score 3 for T, ED and EL. In conclusion, the activation mode influenced the SBS.
Palatal Harvesting Technique Modification for Better Control of the Connective Tissue Graft Dimensions
Authors: Reino Danilo Maeda , Novaes Jr. Arthur Belem , Grisi Marcio Fernando de Moraes , Maia Luciana Prado , Souza Sergio Luis Scombatti de
Published: February 2014

Subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) has been extensively used for a variety of clinical applications. However, the surgical procedure may not allow control of graft thickness. The purpose of this case series is to illustrate a modification to the single incision palatal harvesting technique in order to control the SCTG thickness without increasing patient discomfort. Fifty cases from thirty systemically and periodontally healthy patients with at least one multiple gingival recession were treated with coronally advanced flaps combined with a SCTG. The palatal area served as the donor site, from where a single perpendicular incision was made to obtain a full thickness flap. Next, 1-2 mm of the flap was elevated and dissected to obtain a partial thickness flap. The graft remained attached to the full-partial thickness flap. After determining the desired SCTG thickness, the graft was harvested from the palatal flap. The patients healed uneventfully at 7 days postoperatively and primary closure was obtained for all palatal donor sites. The SCTG length and width varied depending on the needs of each case, but the SCTG thickness was well controlled with only 0.24 mm standard deviation. The suggested modification granted control of the SCTG dimensions and achieved complete wound closure within a week.