bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-Axial Concrete Models for Nonlinear Analysis
Authors: Qi Hu , Li Yun Gui
Published: December 2014

The most widely used multi-axial concrete models including elastic-plastic model and elastic plastic damage model are expounded and it is recognized that the elastic plastic damage model is more reasonable to reflect nonlinear characteristic of concrete. The development and application of elastic plastic damage model is comprehensively appraised and a practical elastic plastic damage constitutive model is established. Finally the dynamic trend of constitutive model of concrete development is introduced.
Tests on Effects of Loading Rate on Modulus and Strength of Sandstone
Authors: Zhang Chun Hui , Yue Hong Liang , Wang Lai Gui
Published: December 2014

For studying on the effects of loading rate on modulus and strength of sandstone, uniaxial compression experiment of the samples, from Balikun mine, was performed at different loading rates. The influence of loading rate on average modulus, uniaxial compressive strength and post-peak strength degradation angle was analyzed, and the results indicate that:: The average modulus of sandstone samples increases with loading rate increasing; the both almost obey linear relationship. The peak strength of sandstone grows with the increase of loading rate; there is an approximately exponential relationship between the two. With loading rate increasing, the post-peak strength degradation angle decreases; the relationship between the both is approximately exponential.
Experiment on the Spray Humidification System among Different Relative Humidity
Authors: Han Long Na , Shi Yong Zheng , Li De Ying
Published: December 2014

Aiming at the problem of air-cooled condenser output limit under high temperature in summer, the spray humidification system is adopted here to reduce inlet air temperature. Therefore, experiments are presented to study in different relative humidity. Experiment results show it can decrease the power consumption and increase the refrigerating capacity. Experiment verifies the feasibility of spray humidification system.
10On Similarity Laws of Solar Thermal Technology
Authors: Wu Wen Zhong
Published: December 2014

Study on solar thermal technology along with its radiation, collection, storage sub-models are full of illuminations in many similar phenomena, so this paper analyzes dimensions in its radiation, collection processes, and founds dimensionless model for these processes, and also figures out their similarity laws, and then extends its radiation, collection theory and technology to fire evolution process, and generalizes fire-protection idea and method: besides directly extinguishing fire by cool water and other constraint agents, we try to collect and transfer fire radiation, as the result, indirectly extinguish fire. This generalization is expected to many brand-new extinguishing fire technologies in the future.
The Application on Ecological Architecture of Fiber Optic Lighting
Authors: Zhu Zong Jiu , Xiao Jun Hong , Shao Guang Xian
Published: December 2014

modern society is a social that support of energy, the demand of coal, oil and natural gas demand is more and more , but these are non-renewable resources, opening a road of green and resources sustainable utilization is a direction to the world. Ecological architecture is called green sustainable architecture, require green and low power. Introducing Fiber optic lighting to building lighting, guiding the sunlight into building, filtering harmful rays of sunlight ,both beneficial to health and save energy at the same time. The Focusing device model based on cassegrain construction as a special light coupling device, in order to achieve real-time tracking of the sun's rays, using single chip microcomputer as the sun tracking controller, so as to make better use of existing sunlight.
Application of Polarization Remote Sensing to Identify Activity of Yitong-Shulan Fault, Jilin Province, China
Authors: Sheng Jian , Yu Guang Yuan , Wang Yu Meng , Lv Han
Published: December 2014

Yitong-Shulan fault, one north section of the famed Tanlu grand fault zone in eastern China, is NNE-trending though the Jilin Province, China. In October 2010, Heilongjiang segment of this fault was discovered the evidence of its activity in Holonce, and further inferred it is associated with a paleoearthquake event. So the recognize of Yitong-Shulan fault Jilin section active in the early Quaternary capable of generating moderate quakes is doubted. Yitong-Shulan fault is almost covered by Quaternary strata in Jilin Province. Traditional method is difficult to explore buried fault, and geophysical method is partial and expensive. The polarization remote sensing is a kind of emerging earth observation method, which has high terrain-recognization resolution. The polarization remote sensing method can to indentify the scarps and displaced geomorphic objects along the fault though satellite images. It even can to discover the high of scarps, displacement of geomorphic objects, and so on. The fault activity can be indicated well by the interpretation of polarization remote sensing. In this paper, use the polarization remote sensing method to study the activity of Yitong-Shulan fault Jilin section. Satellite image near the Shulan City, Jilin Province interpreted by polarization remote sensing reveals that the obviously linear scarps which extend long the fault is 1-3m high. Along the fault various kinds of geomorphic objects are displaced. This interpretation result indicated the Shulan-Shitoukoumen Reservoir segment of the fault is active since Holocene. The fault activity also is proved by geophysical method.
The Effect on the Stress Distribution of the Slope for Rock and Soil Characteristics
Authors: Zhang Bao Long , Fan Wen
Published: December 2014

Failure of slope generally sites along the slope of the stress concentration, while there are too many factors affecting stress distribution of slope, including the geometry of the slope, the strength parameters, the boundary conditions and constraints, etc. In this paper, considering the edge affect the elastic modulus of rock and soil slope, Poisson's ratio, shear strength parameters and other characteristics factors, by using finite element modeling to analyze the distribution forms of stress of the different slope, every factors affecting on the stress distribution of the different slope can be obtained. Through in-depth analysis, getting some understanding of regularity, it can be used to guide the engineering practice and has some promotional value.
Remote Sensing Monitoring Research of Multi-Temporal Desertfication Based on Spectral Mixture Analysis: A Case Study of Wuda, Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Li Feng , Liang Han Dong , Wang Fen Ge , Song Ping
Published: December 2014

Using three TM images of 1991, 2004 and one OLI image of 2014 as data sources, we extracted dynamic change information of desertification land during 23 years in Wuda district in Inner Mongolia, discussed spatio-temporal evolution processes of desertification land of this area aiming to provide decision-making references for desertification control and eco-environmental restoration and reconstruction. Abundance Maps of sand, vegetation, water and low albedo were derived based on linear spectral mixture analysis (SMA). Owing to the nice correlation between vegetation abundance and vegetation coverage, vegetation abundance was used to extract desertification land types. The results show that, during the past of 23 years, the total desertification area decreased by 114.23 square kilometers, particularly for the extremely severe desertification. The reducing desertification land mostly transformed into non-desertified land, such as water, coal and residential region, due to human intensive development activities.
Explore the Airport Terminal Construction Survey
Authors: Xie Xu Yang
Published: December 2014

A Case Study of an airport terminal in a large steel works discussed how to install components in precise positioning to ensure the accuracy of the installation, the arc-shaped building also studied the design and measurement methods of measurement and provide for other similar projects a reference basis.
Review and Prospect of Study on External Vertical Fire Spread up High Rise Buildings in China
Authors: Liu Yong Jun , Hai Hong , Fan Li Ming , Zhang Jun Wei
Published: December 2014

In recent years, a large number of incidents of external fire spread up high rise buildings happened in the world. One of main reasons is that combustible organic materials, EPS, Polyurethane, etc, are used in external thermal insulation system (ETIS) for energy conservation purpose. In some incidents, fire spread in combustible organic materials couple with that from window to window make it impossible for fire fighters to prevent the external vertical fire spread up high rise buildings and caused severe damage to structures and loss of life and property. In this paper, some typical external wall fire hazards in China are described briefly, and then relative research progresses are presented. Furthermore, some research needs and possible directions of future research are proposed.
Loess Slope Instability Assessment Based on PS-InSAR Detected and Spatial Analysis in Lanzhou Region, China
Authors: Xue Ya Ting , Meng Xing Min , Li Kai , Chen Guan
Published: December 2014

Lanzhou is a mountainous city in which serious disasters have occurred due to several slope hazards. We used PS-InSAR technique to detect surface deformation: an indicator of potential hazards. In the period extending from 2003 to 2010, 41 Envisat ASAR images were captured and analyzed using PS-InSAR. We identified 27186 PS points. The deformation velocity in this area is found to being 3.5 mm/year ~ -5.4 mm/year. The results were inserted into a GIS to derive spatial interpolations and map zones with different magnitudes of surface displacement. Then, we used the analytical hierarchic process (AHP) to statistically assess the susceptibility of loess slope hazards with lithology, slope, altitude, distance to road, Ndvi, land use and aspect. According to the result of the model, the study area could be classified into three categories: stable, less unstable and unstable. Causal mechanisms include human interactions in the landscape (construction, waste water discharge, etc.) and slope instability processes (landslide, subsidence, etc.).
Methodology to Develop the Early Warning System for Residual Value Risk of Public Private Partnership Projects
Authors: Teng Tie Lan , Li Qi Ming , Yuan Jing Feng
Published: December 2014

The Early Warning System (EWS) was developed in this research aiming to forecast and monitor the Residual Value Risk (RVR) in PPP projects. RVR is a structured risk system which would happen at any time in the whole life before transfer of PPP projects, but consequently causes the Residual Value (RV) that the Government takes over cannot fulfill the specifications. To establish the EWS of RVR, the factor system was identified through questionnaire survey and evaluated based on statistical analysis. Besides the RVR could be learned by CBR, so a great amount of history PPP projects which have been already transferred should be structured into a case base. Furthermore, the conception of System vulnerability was applied to open up the link between the RVR and the RV, and the proper method was selected to determine the early-warning threshold. The main function of the EWS is monitoring the RVR of current PPP projects and warning the potential RV threat or opportunity.
Adaptability Analysis of Partnering Management Mode in Grouting Works
Authors: Chen Xin Fu , Cheng Peng , Wu Lang
Published: December 2014

This article applies to space from the perspective of both the value and application of the Partnering management feasibility of the grouting. With the current Background of construction project, we hold that Partnering management mode in grouting works is feasible.
The Advantage of Fuzzy Linear Regression Model and the Application of Enterprise Manufacturing’ Estimation
Authors: Kang Hao , Wang Ming Qian , Ai Ting
Published: December 2014

s: this text puts forward the estimation process of typical linear regression model first, then, puts forward the establishment of fuzzy linear regression model based on it. At last, in enterprise manufacturing’ estimation, passing contrast application analysis to explained the advantage of fuzzy linear regression model.
Analysis on Color Application in Modern Architecture
Authors: Wang Xi Bin
Published: December 2014

Both in the East and West, the modern architectural color application is largely different with traditional architectural color application. The formation of this difference is closely related to ideological changes, scientific and technological development. Through research, we can understand this period of history better and thus interpret the stories about the changing course of modern architectural color.
Effect of Temperature on Adsorption of Di-n-Butyl Phthalate Easter in Soil Minerals
Authors: Gao Min Ling , Ma Xiao Jun , Lian Fei , Song Wen Hua , Zhang Kai
Published: December 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature on adsorption behavior of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) in kaoline and montmorillonite. Adsorption isotherms experiments were conducted at 288, 298 and 308 K, respectively. Results showed that adsorption capacity decreased and adsorption intensity enhanced with temperature increased in both minerals. Adsorption amount was larger in montmorillonite than in kaoline. Thermodynamic data indicated the process was a spontaneous and exothermal process and the dominant affection was physical adsorption.
Investments in Land – Protection of Agricultural Land and Connection to Urban Planning
Authors: Vojvodíková Barbara , Česelský Jan , Ferko Martin
Published: December 2014

Investments in land constitute an essential element in sustainable development of land. Investments can be problematic as they often lead to taking up of agricultural land, which is then irrevocably lost. One of the possible ways of protecting agricultural land is to offer investments in sites, which were already used in the past. This paper is concerned with the connection between derelict and unused sites – which may be described as brownfields – and their cataloguing as part of the land-use (urban) planning process and determination of their function in land-use (urban) plans. The paper deals with the issue of urban planning in the Czech Republic and relevant legislation and cites examples of various solutions and their effects.
Planning of Fishing Village in Dou-Long Port
Authors: Chen Yan , Wang Da Wei
Published: December 2014

With the development of building a socialist harmonious society and urbanization，building a new socialist countryside has become the focus of town planning.The industrial resources of Dou-long port,residents’ living environment and infrastructure are analyzed in detail in this paper. Some reasonable means of settlement are given according to the situation presented in Dou-long port’s development such as Distribution of scattered residential areas, road congestion, waste of land resources. After planning,you can achieve a radical improvement in the quality of life of residents.What more Dou-long port’s dirty and messy environment will be changed greatly.
Construction on Evaluation Index System of Urban Livability
Authors: Hu Fu Xiang , Hu Xi Jun
Published: December 2014

Starting from the study of achievements at home and abroad, the writer discusses the connotation of the urban livability. On basis of comparative analysis about every method of evaluation livable city, the principles about evaluation index system of urban livability are setup. The paper builds urban livability evaluation index system, whose coverage is more complete and operability is more convenient, which are consisted of 7 criteria level indexes, 24 field level indexes and 81 index level indexes. The system has an important significance for scientific evaluation urban livability.
Theoretical Research Analysis and Evaluation of Urban Sprawl - A Case Study on the Overall Planning of Kunming
Authors: Qin Jing Zhuo
Published: December 2014

Urban sprawl studies involve various subject areas, including the urban geography, economics, sociology and ecology, etc. and it is a common topic focused by the geographers, planners, environmentalists, land economists, etc. At present, the land expansion in most cities of China is too fast, presenting the extensive economic development and urbanization model of the land extensive operation. It is badly in need of theoretical studies on the urban sprawl. In this paper, the existing domestic and foreign theoretical studies on the urban sprawl are analyzed and evaluated, and combining the overall planning of Kunming City, the urban sprawl phenomenon in Kunming is analyzed.
A Discussion on Feasibility of Improving Using of Rain in Residential Area Waterscape
Authors: Yue Sun , Yang Yun An
Published: December 2014

This research combines the rain with residential area waterscape together. Through the survey, we find some commom problem that the water quality is poor and some waterscapes often have no water and the waterscape design is stylized in residential area waterscape and analyse reason, then put forward the way to solution the problem in waterscape by rain.In order to effectively use rainwater to waterscape, considered the difference between the pluvial region with the little rain region, compared the different features of middle-small and large residential areas, adopted different measures. Topic significance lies in the concept of low carbon environmental protection can be incorporated into people’s lives, improve people’s awareness of resource conservation.
The Research about Optimal Configuration of Economical Plant Community in the Green Housing Community
Authors: Ji Hai Di , Zhao Jing Xin
Published: December 2014

With the Nanyang Longxiamg century community as an example in the article, through investigating the plant community of residence in Nanyang city, and according to the connotation of economical plant community, summarized four kinds of economical planting mode that are fit for LC-community, the four kinds as follows: the community of scarce forest and grassland, the community of undergrowth landscape, the community of undergrowth landscape, the community of environment type. And analyzes every economical planting mode, and apply them finally.
Spatial and Temporal Changes of Landscape Pattern in Li River Basin
Authors: Jing Juan Li , Wang Yong Feng
Published: December 2014

Spatial and temporal changes of landscape pattern in Li River basin was analyzed based on Landsat TM and OLI data in 1991 and 2013. Maximum likelihood classification method was used to extract land use information in two periods. In FRAGSTATS platform, the characteristics of landscape types were quantitatively analyzed by selecting landscape index at class level and landscape level. Results showed: (1) the area of forest landscape increased significantly, while shrub and bare rock decreased obviously. (2) landscape types were characteristic of high inner homogeneity and low heterogeneity. (3) the evolution of landscape pattern was significantly affected by human activities and social factors.
Improved Set Pair Analysis Model for Urban Water Security Assessment
Authors: Yang Feng Shun , Xu Cheng Jian , Huang Xiao Min , Shao Jun Rong
Published: December 2014

In view of uncertainty and complexity in the process of urban water security assessment, Set Pair Analysis Model (SPAM) is adopted. Specially, in this study, the model is improved from two aspects: (1) three-element connection degree is expanded to multi-element connection degree, which makes the depiction of state space more accurate; (2) credible degree criterion and marking criterion are combined to analyze the assessment results. The improved model is applied to Wuhan city, China. The evaluation indicator system with clearly logic and hierarchy are built and the weight of each indicator is confirmed by the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The evaluation results show that, overall, water security state of Wuhan is good and there is continuous improvement, which is in good agreement with the true situation. The comparison between the results of the model and two other evaluation methods verifies the rationality and reliability of the developed model. In addition, the results also indicate that the developed model is more accurate than ordinary SPAM. Consequently, it is concluded that the model can be an effective tool for urban water security assessment.
Correlation Analysis of Liquefaction Characteristic Parameters with Liquefaction Based on Real Testing Data
Authors: Wang Wei Ming , Li Xiao Fei
Published: December 2014

Through collecting real liquefaction in-situ data available worldwide, the correlations of influencing characteristics parameters such as PGA, water table depth, buried depth of sandy layer, SPT counts and shear wave velocity with respect to liquefaction were analyzed by means of Pearson correlation method. The correlative performance of the characteristic parameters with liquefaction was comparatively analyzed under conditions of varying buried depths, water tables and seismic intensities. The real correlations of the characteristic parameters with liquefaction were obtained corresponding to real dynamic loading, real buried condition and in-situ testing data. The analytical results show that water table, buried depth of sandy layer, SPT and shear wave velocity keep negative correlations with respect to liquefaction while correlation of PGA with liquefaction was positive. The correlations of buried depth of sandy layer, SPT were remarkable while the correlations of water table, shear wave velocity were weak. The correlation coefficient of SPT was the largest, followed by buried depth of sandy layer, PGA and water table; and the correlation coefficient of shear wave velocity was the smallest. The results presented herein can be used for updating the liquefaction evaluation methods in the codes.
A Friendly Model for Water Resources Allocation in the River Basin
Authors: Xiao Chun , Yang Fang , Ma Zhi Peng
Published: December 2014

Aiming at the disadvantages of current allocation pattern of water resources in the river basin, this paper first put forward the concept of water resources system friendly, and then quantified the allocation principles of water resources by constructing friendly function, and finally proposed the friendly allocation pattern of water resources with maximizing friendly function of water resources system as the objective. The friendly allocation pattern makes water resources compound system and its subsystems and the allocation principles of water resources associated with each other organically, whose concept is definite. The proposed allocation pattern was applied in the study of water resources allocation in Fuhuan River Basin in Hubei Province, whose reasonableness and validity was verified when comparing with other patterns.
Expounding the Application of Analysis Method about Nonlinear Hydrological System of Rainfall-Runoff
Authors: Wu Peng Lin , Wang He Jia
Published: December 2014

Expounding the current core theory on the nonlinear hydrological system of rainfall-runoff in practical use, such as the assumption function, the system function and kernel function, etc. Exploring several practical problems, such as the storage length of injection system, the cutting order time of kernel function and the regression coefficients at the same time. It makes this analysis method correspond to reality as well as convenient to use.
Rainwater Treatment and Reuse in Harbor Yard
Authors: Wei Yan Jie , Li Guo Yi
Published: December 2014

Coagulation-sedimentation and Filtration by fibre-ball were applied to treat rainwater collected in Harbor Yard. The optimum parameters of coagulation-sedimentation process were determined through experiment. The dosage of Polymeric aluminum chloride (PAC) was 35 mg/L, settling time was 30min, the mixtures were stirred for 1min under the rotational speed of 200~400 r/min, then stirred for 10 min at 90~120 r/min, and10 min at 40~60 r/min. While the optimum parameters of filtration by fibre-ball were also found, including filter speed of 15-30 m/h, Filtration clcle 60-100h, Pollutant Capacity of 9.5-18.3 kg/m3, combine washing by fresh water (flow of 25L/ (m2∙s)) and gas (flow of 40 L/ (m2∙s)) with washing time of 20min. All those parameters were utilized in a rainwater treatment project of coal container yard in Tianjin Harbor. The effluent quality could satisfy the demand of Water quality standard for urban miscellaneous water consumption, and the clear water after treatment was used for spraying coal and removing dust.
The Numerical Simulation of Hydrodynamics in the Sancha River Mouth
Authors: Chen Jie Ren , Xu Shi Feng
Published: December 2014

The sancha river mouth is located at the intersection of qinhuai river and Yangtze river. The flow movement of sancha River mouth are affected by application of sancha river gate and Yangtze River. The flow characteristics of the river mouth is very complex. The numerical simulation is used to study the flow movement. The 2-D depth-averaged mathematical model has been established. The govering equations and numerical simulation of flow movement are given in the boundary-fitting orthogonal coordinate systems. The model verification has done by the field data. The flow movement are computed for different application mode of sancha river gate and Yangtze river level. The mainstream line variation and local inverse flow are analyzed for the sancha river mouth.
Study on Multi-Subject Analysis of Water-Saving Society Construction
Authors: Zhu Hou Hua , Huang Xian Feng , Wang Ya Mei , Li Xiao Chun
Published: December 2014

Proposed construction of the main water-saving society, including government, business (market), social organizations and the general public. Government is the central subject of water-saving society, the enterprise (market) is the body of the efficiency, social organization is the body of the welfare, the public is the foundation subject. By analyzing the operating mechanism of multiple subjects, we can find multiple subjects of water-saving social organization presents network, rather than bureaucracy, according to their nature need to play different roles complement each other, to participate, to construct the corresponding organizational system. From the current practice of water-saving society, the government needs to gradually change its functions, build a government-led water-saving society service system to create a good ambience for the growth and function of other actors.
Study on the Determination Method and Influence Factors of m Value Based on Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Li Zhen Guo , Gui Jin Song , Zhang Run Fu
Published: December 2014

The determining of m value in “m” method has great significance to force analysis of pile foundation buried segments. In this paper, a finite element software is used for the nonlinear finite element analysis of elastic long pile under the horizontal force action, and combined with the related provisions and formulas for “m” method given in 《Code for Pile Foundation of Harbour Engineering》, a accurate m value can be obtained conveniently. Then based on this method and by the single factor analysis, a more systematic study was made to the related factors, and obtained the influence law of various factors to m value.
Analysis of the Influence Factors and Countermeasures of Construction Waste Recycling Industry’s Development in Haikou
Authors: Yan Li , Hua Chen , Fu Tian Yuan , Yan Fan
Published: December 2014

The development of the city brought a more convenient life to people, but construction waste from demolition of old buildings and construction of new buildings became a great problem of city. Since the progress of building materials technology made it possible to reuse the construction waste, construction waste recycling industry is rising in some cities in our country. Based on the porter diamond model, this paper analyzed the influence factors of construction waste recycling industry in Haikou, and put forward some countermeasures on the healthy development of this industry in Haikou.
Human Toxicity Impact of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Emitted from Lignite Burning
Authors: Zhao Jian , Hong Jing Lan , Ma Chun Yuan , Wang Qing Song
Published: December 2014

In the present study, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) toxicity of lignite burning was investigated. Results showed the emissions of benzo [a] pyrene, benzo [a] anthracene, Fluoranthene, and dibenz [ah] anthracene were the dominant substances contributing to the PAHs potential human toxicity impact. By contrast, the substances of Naphthalene, Acenaphthene, Acenaphthylene had the most important contributing to the overall PAHs emissions. These results indicate that high PAHs emissions are not necessarily results to high health impact. The health toxicity generated from lignite burning are significantly affected by the air input volume and the diameter of used lignite. The lowest PAHs emissions and highest health impact caused by PAHs were observed when air input is 2 m3/kg-lignite and 2.5m3/kg-lignite, respectively. In addition, an increasing tendency of PAHs toxicity with an increase in diameter of lignite for both emission and impact were observed.
Impacts on Herbaceous Plant Communities of the Tourism Exploitation in the Yellow River Wetland of Zhengzhou City, China
Authors: Yu Hai Long , Yu Chang Li , Jiao Shan Shan
Published: December 2014

Because of the rapidly development of the tourism, the wetland has become the key resource for exploitation, which would result in variation of the factors and the wetland ecosystem. Among many ecological factors, herbaceous plant communities seem to be sensitive. Field investigation is an effective way to research the problems of the wetland. We analyzed the impacts on the herbaceous plant communities of the tourism exploitation in the Yellow River Wetland of Zhengzhou City based on the sample survey. It turns out: (1) Tourism activities affect the height of the herbaceous plant communities. The greater impact, the nearer the tourist route; (2) Tourism influence the coverage of the herbaceous plants; (3) It also effects the types and compositions of the herbaceous plant communities; (4) Tourism could promote the diversity of the herbaceous plant communities.
Incidence of Adsorption Process on the Reduction of Trihalomethanes Precursory in Algerian Surface Water
Authors: Guergazi Saâdia , Yahiaoui Khemissi , Achour Samia
Published: December 2014

The objective of our work is to test the performance of activated carbon on the elimination of humic substances by adsorption before chlorination in order to reduce the trihalomethane precursor of humic substances for two types of surface waters of Biskra region (South East of Algeria). During the chlorination, the results showed that the potential of consumption chlorine is very high for raw surface water tested and accompanied by a rather significant quantity of the trihalomethanes. The adsorption of humic substances on powder activated carbon showed that the activated carbon whatever its form effectively removes humic substances and the yield could reach 98%. For coupling adsorption / chlorination, the results showed that adsorption induced a significant and even a remarkable reduction in both of potential of chlorine consumption and the training potential of organochlorine compounds especially trihalomethanes.
Adsorption of Dye from Wastewater by Modified Sawdust
Authors: Zhu Gang Chao , Shou Jian Xin , Qian Jia Wei , Xin Hua Zheng , Qiu Mu Qing
Published: December 2014

In this study, sawdust modified by cetyltimethyl ammonium bromide was applied to adsorb conge red in aqueous solutions. The characteristics of modified sawdust were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of factors, such as pH, contact time, temperature, dosage, and salt concentration, were investigated. The results revealed that the addition of modified sawdust can significantly increase the adsorption capacity of dye. The maximum adsorption capacity of dye on modified sawdust was 109 mg·g-1 at 328K. The adsorption processes were rapid within the first 30 min and reached equilibrium in about 150 min. The adsorption kinetics fitted well with pseudo-second-order model. The pH value of the solution had significant impact on the amount of adsorption. Adsorption isotherm fitted better with the Langmuir model and the adsorption was an endothermic process
Intercomparison between Spatiotemporal Distribution of PM2.5 Concentration and Transportation in Beijing
Authors: Jin Ling Yan , Li Qi , Karimian Hamed , Hou Jun Xiong
Published: December 2014

A spatial and temporal distribution of PM2.5 as one of the most critical pollutants in Beijing was studied for the whole year 2013. In this pre-research work the spatiotemporal variation of PM2.5 in studied over metropolitan area of Beijing in 2013. More over a weighted transportation influence ( WIT) is defined to monitor the role of transportation in PM2.5 pollution. The results show the remarkable effect of transportation in PM2.5 concentration (R2=0.75). Plus, with this research, we give more information about the source of high PM2.5 concentration in Beijing, and suggest to control this matter transportation is one of the notable source which requires more attention from decision makers.
Sea Oil Spill Detection Method Using SAR Imagery Combined with Object-Based Image Analysis and Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Su Teng Fei , Li Hong Yu , Liu Ting Xi
Published: December 2014

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), a sensor with all weather and day and night working capacity, has been considered one of the most powerful tools for sea surface oil spill detection. However, lookalikes frequently appear in SAR images, limiting the operational use of SAR to detect oil spilled at sea. 20 scenes of Envisat ASAR images, which were acquired during the oil spill accident in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, are utilized, with the objective to study how to better differentiate oil spills from lookalikes. 145 and 134 samples for oil spill and lookalike, respectively, are extracted, and their object-based geometric, physical and textural features are analyzed, in order to find the most effective features for oil spill classification. Based on the results of feature analysis, fuzzy logic (FL) is employed to construct a classifier for oil spill detection. One advantage of the proposed method is that it can produce the crisp probability of a dark segment being oil spill. The experiment shows that our method can derive promising result.
Strengthening Effects of Cleaner Papermaking Additives WEC on Papermaking with Second Fiber
Authors: Zhu Yong Qiang , An Dong , Xia Wei Hong , Cao Ping , Zhang Zhan Jun
Published: December 2014

Effects of additives WEC on strength properties of second fiber were investigated in this study. For single use of WEC02A, the improvement of ring crush index was most remarkable, which increased by 21% for bottom pulp and 31% for surface pulp. Significant increase was also achieved in burst index while the improvement of tightness and folding endurance was not obvious. Besides, combined use of 0.2% WEC02 and 0.3% WEC03S improved folding endurance, burst index and ring crush index of pulp by remarkable 105%, 23% and 52%, respectively, showing a great performance for pulp strength enhancement, being beneficial to broadening the utilization of second fiber.
The Response of the Spawning of the Four Major Chinese Carps to the Flow Re-Operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir in the Yangtze River, China
Authors: Yang Qi Hong , Wei Qiang , Qiao Ye , Zhang Lin , Wang Jia Sheng , Dai Juan , Zhu Kong Xian , Li Ling Yun
Published: December 2014

The flow regime is a critical factor in the sustained ecological integrity of flowing water systems. The Yangtze River is the most important river in China. The Three Gorges Reservoir greatly changed the flow regime of the Yangtze River, resulting in effects on fish populations, particularly those of the four major Chinese carp (FMCC): black carp, grass carp, silver carp, and bighead carp. Spawning has dramatically decreased since the Three Gorges Reservoir was established in 2003.. Flow re-operation which raising duration time over 3 days and daily discharge change over 1000 m3/s/d were executed in 2012 for 2 times, This study investigated the impacts of flow regulation and re-operation on fish spawning, particularly for the FMCC, and validated the environmental factors that promote spawning of the FMCC. A significant difference in FMCC egg density was observed among five floods, and the FMCC mean egg density after the re-operation was nearly four times that of the regulation flood. A difference in community composition was observed between re-operation and regulation, indicating that the re-operation schedule was sufficient to change the egg community composition. The egg community was significantly correlated with water transparency, change in daily water discharge, and change in daily water level. The better regulation schedule we suggest was the mean daily discharge increase was approximately great than 2000 m3·s-1·d-1but less than 3050 m3·s-1·d-1, and daily water level increase greater than 0.46 m·d-1.
Value-at-Risk Estimation of Carbon Spot Market Based on the Combined GARCH-EVT-VaR Model
Authors: Jiang Jing Jing , Ye Bin
Published: December 2014

Based on the analysis of the dynamics of carbon price volatility, this article proposes to develop a combined extreme value theory and conditional variance based Value-at-Risk model (GARCH-EVT-VaR) for short-term risk measurement and estimation of the carbon spot market under the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS). The model is implied to the EUA spot market and compared with the traditional GARCH-VaR model, the empirical results show that the GARCH based model underestimates market risks by overlooking the great price shocks, but the GARCH-EVT based model has the ability to take those extreme jumps into its risk estimations.
Development and Application of Improved Double Layer Snow-Melting Model in Changing Environment
Authors: Bi Yan Jie , Zhao Yong , Xiao Wei Hua , Zhang Shou Ping , Zhou Xiang Nan
Published: December 2014

Climate change is a hot issue on the current time and snow melting process in alpine areas has be affected on the background of climate change, so it is necessary to study snow melting process especially the snowmelt model. In view of the shortcomings of the degree-day model (DDM), the double layer snow-melt model (DSMM) is improved and developed based on the original theory. Then the simulation of the snowmelt process of the upper reaches of Lancang-Mekong River is performed by the improved double layer snow-melt model (IDSMM) and DDM respectively, the simulation results are analyzed in view of model theory, snowmelt critical control conditions, the effects of the simulation and working conditions in the changing environment. The results show that IDSMM based on the energy and mass balance is superior to DDM in the snowmelt physics mechanism, and it not only can simulate the snow melting process, but also can simulate many physical processes, such as the canopy interception of snowfall, vaporization and sublimation loss in evaporation, the second precipitation from canopy surface, the process of snowmelt water freezing again and so on. The simulation results of snowmelt process is more tally with the actual situation and it can provide a reference to the research of snow and ice hydrology and the whole water cycle in a changing environment.
Test of Constructed Rapid Infiltration System Efficiency via Single Variable Sand Factor
Authors: Fang Ping , Chen Lu Yao , Zhu Li Juan , Zhou Bin , Zhang Ya Lei , Zhao Jian Fu
Published: December 2014

Single man-sieving sand materials were tested in Constructed Rapid Infiltration System (CRI). We selected two different sand sizes as filling filter materials, with three different heights in 15cm, 30cm and 45cm respectively. The system was operated for totally 11 periods in 33 days under a hydraulic load of 1.5m/d and wetting-drying ratios of 1:5. Relevant data about COD, N and P in the effluent are then analyzed. Results show that Constructed Rapid Infiltration System can effectively remove the pollutants in municipal wastewater, thus reduce the adverse effects to local area, which can be feasible to apply as the secondary treatment in small towns. Test shows that under the selected hydraulic load and wetting-drying ratios, the optimal operation condition is the 45cm-high packed column, with the removal rate of 35~75% COD, 50~100% dissolved orthophosphate and 55~98% TP, which was far beyond the normal CRI removal rate of TP as low as 30%, to imply a innovation method for integrated waste water treatment system, especially for TP
Design Car Warning System Based on Wireless Communication
Authors: Wang Yin
Published: December 2014

Design using MSP430 microcontroller core, control GSM wireless communication module implements remote car alarm warning systems, from system components, as well as hardware and software design works done in detail, the system triggers an alarm through the sensor module, enter through the microcontroller to TC35i AT command so that it can promptly send a short message to alert the owner, breaking the traditional alarm distance limitations, with good market prospects.
Study on Signal Warrant of Intersection Based on Traffic Efficiency
Authors: Li Rui , Bao Dan Wen , Li Ya Chun
Published: December 2014

As an important index on evaluating intersection traffic efficiency, vehicle average delay played more and more roles on traffic prediction and evaluation modeling, this paper proposed an intersection signal warrant model using average delay which can evaluate traffic efficiency. According to compare the average delay of intersections before and after installing signal, average delay critical match model is established to show the warrant of signal setting. In this model, traffic volumes of major and minor approaches are main variables which are to argue whether the intersections need to be signalized, and several kinds of critical volume curves diagrams are given to show the warrant of different characteristics’ intersections.
Your the way to Solve City Traffic Jams – Based on the Concentric Circle Theory
Authors: Feng Guo Wen
Published: December 2014

The urban roads play an important role in the urban economic and social development. With the help of the new historical opportunity of the urbanization construction and through the united metropolis, the city single concentric extensive expansion mode is adjusted, the urban district and the city circle multilayer concentric compound ecological system is constructed, and then urban economic and social development is provided, and the demand of traffic participants traffic resources is meet. Correspondingly, road congestion is alleviated, traffic ecological situation of benign form is developed
Application Scheme Organization of Arrival-Departure Line at Jinan West Railway Station
Authors: Liu Jing Jing
Published: December 2014

Running time of trains in a station is evaluation indicator. The safety and uniqueness of the use of departure lines and passengers’ convenience were considered as principles in the process of organization of arrival-departure line at Jinan West Railway Station. Besides, some factors were taken into consider, such as, the type of a station , train graph , the arrangement of route ,and the time and process of train technology. Use “Office Visio ” to organize the scheme of lines at Jinan West Railway Station. Then running time of trains in a station was carried on the appraisal. Result as follows: Each train takes 4.8 min traveling in the station in the average. The result is reasonable.
Capacity Assessment of a Cross Intersection with Cranked Priority
Authors: Krivda Vladislav , Mahdalova Ivana , Petru Jan , Skvain Vaclav
Published: December 2014

The article deals with an issue of uncontrolled cross intersections with cranked priority. There is introduced the procedure of capacity analysis of classical intersection with normal priority according to the standards used in Czech Republic. It also described the proposal of capacity analysis of cross intersection with cranked priority.
Monitoring and Analysis of Transmission Line Tower Base Deformation of some Coal Mine Goaf
Authors: Chen Zhen
Published: December 2014

On the basis of monitoring surface deformation in some area subject to large transmission line tower base hazard, monitoring method description, monitoring data sorting and calculation of characteristic parameters for surface deformation are conducted to obtain relevant conclusions of the transmission line tower base deformation by sorting and analysis of monitoring results in this paper. Calculation, analysis methods and conclusions of this paper lay a foundation for analysis on stability of the transmission line tower base and provide a basis for design of the transmission line.
The Equilibrium Existence for Constrained Multiobjective Games in GFC-Spaces
Authors: Wen Kai Ting , Li He Rui
Published: December 2014

In this paper, in virtue of a Browder type fixed point theorem in GFC-spaces, equilibrium existence theorems for general quasiequilibrium problems and quasiequilibrium problems are obtained. As application, an existence theorem of weighted Nash-equilibriums for constrained multiobjective games is yielded in GFC-spaces.
Experimental Research on Ultrasonic P-Wave Velocity Variation of Fractured Rock Mass under Different Stress Paths
Authors: Dong Qian , Li Xin Ping , Zhao Hang
Published: December 2014

Based on the similarity theory, rock-like material had been adopted to simulate deep buried marble of Jinping-II Hydropower Station’s diversion tunnel. Specimens which contains different spatial distributions of fractures had been used in the triaxial compression, tension and compression test, and the stress-velocity of ultrasonic P-wave curves were acquired. The result shows that in the triaxial compression test, the velocity of P-wave increased with the axial compression increasing when confining pressure was constant, the increasing rate was firstly swift and then slowed down, the velocity of P-wave increased with the confining pressure increasing when axial compression was constant. In the triaxial tension and compression test, the velocity of P-wave decreased with the confining pressure increasing when axial tensile stress was constant. Under the same stress state, the larger the angle between the propagation direction of ultrasonic P-wave and the fractures, the smaller the ultrasonic P-wave velocity.
Analysis the Effect of Grouting Pressure on Shallow Soil Thickness which Covered the Shield Tunnel
Authors: Liu Jie , Lin Huan , Cao Yan Wei
Published: December 2014

Passing through the inland river the tunnel generally lead to overburden small thickness of overlying soil, the disturbance effect of shallow soil here is very large. So the research of the thickness of the overlying soil is the key to solve the engineering problems. The existing calculation formula of the thickness of covering soil only considering the static state after construction, does not take into account the grouting pressure to overlying soil disturbance during construction. Based on the existing thickness calculation formula, this paper attempts to get a new modified computational formula which take the grouting pressure into consideration, and puts forward the reasonable improvement according to different parameters.