bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Equation Modeling of Adherence to Treatment on Emotional Regulation Mediated by Coping Strategies by in Women with Breast Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: Abdoli Faranak , Madahi Mohammad Ebrahim , Seyrafi Mohammadreza
Published: November 2022

Background: Cancer is a complex, debilitating, and common disease with many dimensions, consequences, and psychological, biological, and social complications. We aimed to investigate the structural equations of treatment adherence based on emotional, cognitive regulation mediated by coping styles in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: The present study was a correlational study using structural equation modeling. The statistical population included patients with breast cancer referred to specialized cancer clinics in Tehran between October and February 2018. The sample consisted of 250 patients with breast cancer who were selected by convenience sampling. Data were obtained using the Folkman and Lazarus Coping Strategies Questionnaire, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Data were also analyzed using correlation coefficients, Pearson’s correlation matrix, multiple regression, and structural equation modeling. Also, all statistical calculations were performed using Amos 22 and SPSS 22 software. Results: Emotion regulation had a direct effect on coping strategies (β=0.48, P<0.001) and adherence to treatment (β=0.63, P<0.001). Coping strategies had a mediating role in the relationship between emotion regulation and adherence to treatment (AGFI=0.98, RMSEA=0.067). Conclusion: There is a relationship between emotion regulation and adherence to treatment and coping strategies has a mediating role in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy.
Effect of Pre-conditioning of Endurance Training with Different Intensities on Soleus Muscle Atrophy in a Period of Inactivity: The Role of PGC-1α4 Gene
Authors: Asadi Karam Aram , Nemati Javad , Asadi-Shekaari Majid , Daryanoosh Farhad , Hemmatinafar Mohammad
Published: November 2022

Background: This study aimed to measure PGC-1α4 soleus muscle and to investigate the effect of endurance training pre-conditioning with different intensities on the atrophy response of the soleus muscle to a period of inactivity. Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into equal groups of control (C), control inactivity (CI), high-intensity endurance training group (HE) (treadmill speed 30 km/h), and low-intensity endurance training (LE) (treadmill’s speed: 10 km/h). After two weeks of familiarization, the endurance training group ran on a treadmill for two weeks (five sessions each week). The animal’s lower limbs were then immobilized for seven days. Then the soleus muscle was extracted, and after weighting, the expression of the PGC-1α4 gene was measured using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (realtime PCR) technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 24. Results: The expression of the PGC-1α4 gene was significantly higher in the HE group than the CI group. However, compared to the C group, all groups with inactivity intervention showed significantly lower PGC-1α4 gene levels. The ratio of muscle mass to body weight in the C group was significantly higher than the LE and CI groups, and higher in the HE group than the CI group. Conclusion: Endurance training seems to be able to reduce the destructive effects of inactive atrophy. The higher intensity of these exercises was more effective, which was associated with increased expression of the PGC-1α4 gene.
Assessment of Parental Performance of Children with Chronic Kidney Disease in Ahvaz
Authors: Eydivandi Zainab , Jafari Naleshkenani Fatemeh , Pendar Rahim
Published: November 2022

Background: Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience many complications such as anemia, growth failure, stress and emotional problems. The responsibility for providing these children with proper health care is their family. The way parents of a child with CKD act is very important in the care of their child. We aimed to evaluate the level of performance of parents with children with CKD in Ahvaz. Method: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, census method was used for sampling. After completing the demographic questionnaires, the Family Assessment Device questionnaire (in general performance dimensions, communication, problem solving, role, emotional responsiveness, emotional involvement, behavior control) was used to assess parental performance of these children. Results: The study involved 42 parents of children with CKD. The mean±SD age of the children was 9.85±1.22 and the mean±SD duration of illness was 11.18±9.38 months. The results showed that the scores related to general performance (P=0.001), performance communication (P=0.001), problem-solving function (P=0.024), performance role (P=0.038), emotional performance response (P=0.001), emotional performance involvement (P=0.001), performance behavior control (P=0.001) of the study population was significantly higher than the permissible value set by the questionnaire providers, indicating worse performance. Conclusion: The results showed that parents of children with CKD did not have a sufficient level of performance in caring for their children. Therefore, it seems necessary to provide training programs for this group.
Identification of Gardnerella vaginalis by Molecular Methods in Women Diagnosed With Bacterial Vaginosis in Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Mohammadi Negar , Mohammadi-Sichani Maryam , Allahdadian Maryam
Published: November 2022

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common causes of abnormal vaginal discharge in women. The disease is characterized by an imbalance in the vaginal bacterial flora. We aimed to determine the frequency of Gardnerella vaginosis by cultivation and molecular method. Methods: In summer 2019, the vaginal secretion of 110 women with BV were collected and isolated for G. vaginalis, in Isfahan. The isolates were identified by the biochemical test. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect G. vaginalis in vaginal secretions. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was evaluated by disc diffusion method. Results: Gardnerella vaginalis was isolated from five samples among the 110 patients with symptoms of BV by cultivation. Based on molecular identification, G. vaginalis was shown in 32 (29.1%) samples. G. vaginalis isolates were resistant to clindamycin (20%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (80%). All the isolates were sensitive to Metronidazole. All women with this infection were married and most (43.8%) belonged to the 25-30 year-old age group. A significant difference was found between participants with positive clue cell (P<0.01) and pH>4.5 vaginal discharge (P<0.01) in the PCR-positive and the PCR-negative women. Conclusion: High prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis in women with vaginosis confirms the important role of bacteria in the incidence of BV. Identification of pathogenic agents of G. vaginosis using molecular methods and determining their antibiotic susceptibility pattern is essential for proper treatment in different societies.
The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress in the Relationship Between Psychological Hardiness and Quality of Life in Cardiovascular Patients
Authors: Javer Monir , Rafiepoor Amin , Sabet Mehrdad
Published: November 2022

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), a chronic and debilitating physical condition, is one of the most common causes of death. Complications of CVD, such as decreased physical and mental health along with its chronic, progressive, and irreversible nature have numerous negative consequences for patients. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of perceived stress in the relationship between psychological hardiness and quality of life (QoL) in cardiovascular patients. Methods: The present study was a descriptive-correlational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all patients with CVD referred to heart hospitals and cardiac rehabilitation centers in Tehran, Iran in 2019. Using purposeful sampling method, a total of 151 individuals were selected. Data collection tools included a Kobasa Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire, Cohen’s Perceived Stress Questionnaire, and Quality of Life Scale (SF-36). To analyze the data, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and path analysis with SPSS.22 and Amos.22 software were used. Results: The results showed that negative perception of stress and positive perception of stress had a significant negative and positive relationship with dimensions of QoL, respectively (P<0.001). Psychological hardiness had a significant positive relationship with dimensions of QoL (P<0.001). Also, perceived stress had a mediating role in the relationship between psychological hardiness and QoL dimensions (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated a correlation between psychological hardiness and increased QoL and the inverse relationship between perceived stress and QoL in cardiovascular patients.
Effect of Endurance Training and High-Fat Diet on Serum Interleukin-6 and 17 Levels in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Nayebpoor Peyman , Bashiri Jabbar , Gholami Farhad
Published: November 2022

Background: High-fat diet (HFD) can cause several health problems and chronic inflammation. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of endurance training along with HFD on serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-17 in male Wistar rats. Methods: In an experimental-controlled study, 36 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of HFD, training (T), HFD + training (HFDT), and control (C). Exercise training consisted of 40 minutes of running on treadmill at the maximum speed of 55%-65%, five sessions per week for four weeks. Forty-eight hours following the last intervention, serum IL-6 and IL-17 levels were measured. Data analysis was conducted by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test at P<0.05. Results: The results showed that serum IL-6 and IL-17 levels significantly increased as a result of HFD (P=0.001). Endurance training decreased IL-6 and IL-17 levels and there was a significant difference between training and HFD groups (P=0.001). However, based on the difference between HFDT and control groups, the variables did not return to baseline values. Conclusion: According to the results, HFD induced inflammation in a short duration of four weeks manifested by elevated inflammatory indices. In contrast, endurance training ameliorated HFD-induced elevation of IL-6 and IL-17 and these levels did not return to baseline values.
Effect of Vitamin E on Renal Scarring in Children With Acute Pyelonephritis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Ghasemi Kambiz , Esteghamati Maryam , Arjeh Khatereh
Published: November 2022

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the most common infections in children and acute pyelonephritis (APN) is the most important type of UTI. Late diagnosis and treatment of APN can result in severe complications. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin E on renal scars in children aged three months to 14 years. Methods: This single-blinded randomized clinical trial (RCT) included all children aged three months to 14 years admitted to tBandar Abbas Children’s Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran due to APN in 2017-2018. Patients with renal scars were alternately randomized into two groups. The control group included 41 patients who received 50-75 mg/kg/d intravenous ceftriaxone during hospital stay and the intervention group included 37 cases who received 20 U/kg/d vitamin E tablets in addition to the previous treatment for a total duration of 4 months. Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan was performed at baseline and at the end of 4 months. Results: Out of a total of 78 patients, 34 (43.6%) were boys. Participants of both groups were comparable regarding age and gender. The median of decrease in photopenic areas was insignificantly higher in girls in the vitamin E group compared to girls in the control group (1.26 vs. 1.17, P=0.459). Regardless of gender, decrease in photopenic areas was insignificantly higher in patients aged 1-3 years in the vitamin E group compared to those in the control group (1.40 vs. 1.22, P=0.451). Conclusion: Treatment with vitamin E for at least 4 months may reduce renal scarring in children aged 1-3 years and girls with APN.
Deleterious Effects of Exposure to 900 MHz Radiofrequency Waves on Brain Trace Elements Improved by Administration of Vitamins
Authors: Azimzadeh Mansour , Jelodar Gholamali
Published: November 2022

Background: There is an increasing public concern about the harmful effect of exposure to electromagnetic radiation emitted from base transceiver stations (BTS). Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of exposure to 900 MHz radiofrequency (RF) on the concentration of brain trace elements (TEs), including zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe), as well as the protective effect of vitamins (C and E) supplementation. Methods: In this study, 30 male rats were assigned into three non-exposed groups, including sham I, II, and III receiving saline, vitamin C, and vitamins C+E, respectively, and three exposed groups, including sham-exposed (saline), test I (vitamin C), and test II (vitamins C+E). The exposed groups were exposed to RF for one month (4 h/day) and the brain TE levels were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: Compared with the non-exposed groups (I, II, and III), a remarkable elevation in the concentration of Mn, Fe, Cu, and Cu/Zn ratio accompanied by a significantly lower level of Zn was noticed in the rats’ brain of the sham-exposed group (P<0.05). However, pretreatment with both vitamins C and C+E improved the evaluated TE imbalances caused by exposure to 900 MHz RF with no significant difference between the two test groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Disruption of brain TEs homeostasis caused by the exposure to 900 MHz RF improved and normalized by pretreatment with vitamins C and E+C.
The Impact of Intervention Based on Protection Motivation Theory on Treatment Adherence in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Zakipoor Masoomeh , Hajalizadeh Kobra , Seirafi Mohammadreza , Nikparvar Marziyeh , Abedini Sedigheh
Published: November 2022

Background: Patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) gradually reduce their follow-up treatment due to the vulnerable physical condition and high involvement with the disease-related treatment process. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of intervention based on the protection motivation theory (PMT) on treatment adherence in patients with IHD. Methods: This quasi-experimental research used a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all patients with IHD referred to the Payambar Azam hospital in Bandar Abbas, Iran for more than once between March 2019 and May 2020. A total of 16 patients were selected through the matched targeted sampling and randomly assigned into two equal groups of experimental and control (n = 8 each). The test group received an intervention based on the PMT in six 90-minute sessions within 45 days. We used the Modanloo Treatment Adherence Questionnaire (TAQ), and the data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in the SPSS23 statistical software. Results: The results of ANCOVA showed that the intervention based on the PMT significantly increased the treatment adherence and its subscales in patients with IHD (P<0.001). Conclusion: Intervention based on the PMT can be used as an effective intervention to increase treatment adherence in patients with IHD, depending on proper nutrition training, self-care skills, awareness-raising, and relaxation exercises.
Antioxidant Effect of Swimming Training and Royal Jelly Consumption in the Hippocampus Tissue of Rats With Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Hasanloei Awat , Mohamadzadeh Salamat Khalid , Hosseini Seyed Ali
Published: November 2022

Background: As an age-related disease, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment. Although oxidative stress factors increase in AD, exercise and nutrition can have protective and antioxidant effects. This study aimed to explore the antioxidant effects of swimming training (ST) and royal jelly (RJ) consumption in the hippocampus tissue of rats with AD. Methods: In this experimental study, 20 rats with AD were selected and divided into four groups, including control, ST, RJ, and ST+RJ. In order to probe the effects of AD induction on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), five healthy rats were assigned into the healthy control group. For eight weeks, the ST groups performed ST three times per week (5 minutes in the first week to 60 minutes in the last week), and the RJ groups received 100 mg/kg RJ per day. The Shapiro-Wilk, independent samples t test, and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used to analyze the findings (P≤0.05). Results: AD induction had a significant effect on increasing SOD (P=0.04) and decreasing GPx (P=0.001). Also, ST (P=0.001) and RJ (P=0.01) had a significant effect on increasing GPx; ST (P=0.001) and RJ (P=0.001) had a significant effect on decreasing SOD. Furthermore, ST with RJ had an interactive effect on increasing GPx (P=0.03) and decreasing SOD (P=0.001). Conclusion: In general, ST and RJ appear to simultaneously improve the gene expression of antioxidants in the hippocampus tissue of AD rats. In addition, the antioxidant effects of ST were more favorable than those of RJ. It appears that different doses of RJ should also be considered.
Hip Muscle Flexibility After Six Weeks of Lumbar Stabilization and Global Postural Reeducation Exercises in Men With Movement Control Dysfunction: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rahmani Abolfazl , Minoonejad Hooman , Seidi Foad , Moghadas Tabrizi Yousef
Published: November 2022

Background: Exercise therapy is one of the most effective methods for dealing with low back pain. The present study aimed to compare to examine the effects of two protocols, i.e., six weeks of lumbar stability exercises (LSE) and global postural reeducation exercises (GPR), followed by a subsequent period of non-training on hip muscle flexibility in men with chronic non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) with lumbar movement control impairment (MCI). Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 46 men suffering from NSLBP with lumbar MCI were selected and randomly divided into three groups (i.e., two exercise groups - one control group). Training intervention groups were allowed to perform exercises for 6 weeks, three sessions per week. Universal goniometer was used to measure the flexibility of hip muscles (i.e., hamstring, rectus femoris, external rotator, and tensor fasciae latae). Repeated measures ANOVA was utilized to compare the effect and durability of the two training protocols on the dependent variables at a significant level. Results: The results showed that both training methods increased hamstring muscle flexibility (P=0.001). GPR method was found superior in increasing the flexibility of the right hip of the subjects in the post-test (P=0.032) and follow-up (P=0.024). However, no significant differences were observed in the other hip muscles flexibility. Conclusion: It was concluded that the GPR method, compared to the lumbar stabilization method, had a greater potential to increase the flexibility of shortened muscles by enhancing the contraction of the antagonist muscles to avoid postural asymmetry. It seems both training protocols were effective in improving hamstring muscle flexibility in people with NSLBP suffering from MCI and this result was observed after both training and 4 weeks of inactivity.
The Effectiveness of Schema Therapy Intervention in Weight, Body Image and Self-esteem of Obese People: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bahadori Afshin , Kalhornia Golkar Maryam , Pashang Sara
Published: November 2022

Background: Helping people with obesity as well as identifying the factors affecting their weight, body image, and self-esteem have become health necessities. Schema therapy is an effective method of third-wave psychotherapy for reducing the problems of obese people. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy in watching body weight as well as improving body image and self-esteem in patients with obesity. Methods: The present study was a randomized controlled trial. The study’s statistical population included all obese people referring to Mehr Counseling and Psychology Center in Tehran (Iran) in 2019. Out of the given population, 32 individuals were selected by adopting convenience sampling method and, then, were randomly divided into schema therapy (n=16) and control (n=16) groups. Data were obtained using body mass index (BMI), Cooper Smith self-esteem questionnaire, and body image questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using repeated-measures analysis of variance and SPSS 22 software. The significance level of the tests was set at 0.05. Results: The results showed that schema therapy had a significant effect on the weight (P<0.001), body image (P<0.001), and self-esteem (P<0.001) compared to the control group. The results also revealed that BMI and self-esteem were significantly improved by schema therapy training (P<0.001). Conclusion: It was concluded that schema therapy had a positive effect on weight, body image, and selfesteem in people with obesity.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Vitiligo Patients in Comparison With the Control Group
Authors: Shamsi Meymandi Simin , Aflatoonian Mahin , Khalili Maryam , Sarvandi Masoumeh
Published: November 2022

Background: Vitiligo is an autoimmune pigmentary skin disease. Recently, the association of chronic inflammatory conditions with metabolic syndrome (MS) and oxidative stress has been demonstrated in skin diseases such as lichen planus and psoriasis. In this study, the prevalence of MS in patients with vitiligo was compared to the control group. Methods: This case-control study included 65 patients with vitiligo and 65 healthy participants in the control group who have referred to the dermatologic clinic in the Afzalipour Hospital of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Demographic features and laboratory data of participants were collected and analyzed by SPSS 16 using chi-square and independent t tests. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). The mean values of MS parameters were not significant between the two groups. Systolic hypertension (HTN) was significantly higher in the vitiligo group than in the control group (P=0.03). Increasing the length of the disease by one year increased the chance of MS occurrence by 7%. Conclusion: In the current study, systolic HTN was significantly higher in vitiligo patients compared to the control group. MS was also more common in vitiligo patients than in the control group, but the result was not statistically significant.
The Effects of Eight Weeks Moderate- and High-Intensity Circuit Resistance Training on the Levels of Serum Amyloid A and Insulin Resistance in Sedentary Men
Authors: Mohammadi Amir Shayan , Gholami Mandana , Soheili Shahram
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Obesity-related inflammation has an important role in increasing the risk of various pathological conditions, including insulin resistance. In this study, the effects of 8 weeks of moderate and high-intensity circuit resistance training on the levels of serum amyloid A (SAA) and insulin resistance were investigated in sedentary men.Methods: In this study, 36 sedentary men (average BMI: 30.64 ± 3.14 kg/m2, age of 20 to 35 years old) were randomly assigned to the control (C), moderate-intensity circuit resistance training (MRT), and high-intensity circuit resistance training (HRT) groups. The training protocol was performed during eight weeks (three sessions per week). Blood samples were collected before and after eight weeks of training, and serum levels of SAA, insulin, and glucose were measured. The data were analyzed by SPSS-24 software using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test with the Bonferroni post hoc test.Results: The present study’s findings indicated that SAA levels and insulin resistance significantly reduced in the HRT and MRT groups compared to the control group (P < 0.001). However, our results showed that the changes observed in SAA and insulin resistance were not significantly different between the HRT and MRT groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion: It seems that HRT has no extra effects on inflammation and insulin resistance compared to MRT; however, changes in the levels of other inflammatory mediators should be determined.
Lived Experience of Nurses in COVID-19 Units - A Phenomenological Study from Eastern India
Authors: Nair Rathish , Mohan Keerthi , Jayakrishnan K , Srinivasan P , Javeth Athar , Sharma Sadhana , Kumari Bandana
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Nurses are the frontline workers who had to play multiple functions like in acute care, community, etc. but, it was stated that COVID-19 has caused immense trauma to nurses globally. Methods: A descriptive phenomenological study to explore the lived experience of nurses working in COVID-19 units was conducted among nine senior nursing officers recruited by purposive homogenous sampling and interviewed with an open-ended interview guide by ensuring data saturation. COREQ guideline were adopted for this qualitative study. Results: Qualitative data were analysed using Giorgi’s framework, and themes and sub-themes were derived. The major themes that emerged in the present study were "Reactions and preparation", "Feelings and satisfaction in active duty", "Role of a helping hand", "Working experience in PPE", and "Pandemic and socialization". Each theme had further sub-themes to classify the verbatims. Conclusion: Most of the nurses had anxiety and prepared themselves to play with fire, had unrealistic hope, and mixed emotions, kept their family away and intentionally concealed information to reduce family’s fear, were satisfied with training and preparation, and had unpleasant experiences with PPE, had to restrict their social activities and felt social stigma. It also concludes with the recommendation that warrants the need to improve their professional quality of life and working conditions by safeguarding nurses’ physical and mental health.
Triglyceride-to-glucose index to detect a non-dipping circadian pattern in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients
Authors: Şaylık Faysal , Çınar Tufan , Selçuk Murat , Akbulut Tayyar
Published: November 2022

Introduction: In this investigation, we aimed to explore the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and the non-dipping blood pressure (BP) pattern in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Methods: In this retrospective study, 216 consecutive newly diagnosed hypertensive patients who had undergone 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABPM) monitoring and had not received anti-hypertensive drugs were included. Non-dipping status was evaluated by a 24-h ABPM monitoring in all patients. We categorized the patients into two groups as; dippers (n=104 cases) and non-dippers (n=112 cases). The TyG index was derived from the fasting triglyceride and fasting glucose levels using the formula; ln[fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Results: Non-dipper group had a higher TyG index than the dipper group. The TyG was an independent predictor of non-dipping BP in hypertensive individuals, according to multivariable analysis. The TyG index was negatively associated with a decrease in both systolic and diastolic BP during the nighttime. The ideal cutoff value of the TyG index in detecting non-dipping status was≥9.01 with 74.1% sensitivity and 71.2% specificity. A ROC comparison indicated that the area under the curve value of TyG index was superior to fasting triglyceride, fasting glucose, and homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) in detecting non-dipping BP. Conclusion: The TyG index was an independent predictor of non-dipping status in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients who had undergone 24-hour ABPM monitoring and had not received anti-hypertensive drugs. As a simple and easily obtained parameter, the TyG index can be used to detect such pattern among these patients.
Preoperative atrial fibrillation predicts worse outcomes after LVAD implantation
Authors: Immohr Moritz Benjamin , Sugimura Yukiharu , Yilmaz Esma , Aubin Hug , Boeken Udo , Akhyari Payam , Lichtenberg Artur , Dalyanoglu Hannan
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is a common therapy for end-stage heart failure. Heart failure patients often present with atrial fibrillation (AF). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of preoperative AF as well as vascular complications on outcome in LVAD patients. Methods: Between 01/2010 and 12/2017, 168 patients (141 male) with end-stage heart failure underwent LVAD implantation at a single center. Patient outcome was retrospectively studied by using the Kaplan-Meier method for analyzing crude survival as well as Cox regression for analyzing risk factors. Results: Sixty-two patients suffered from preoperative atrial fibrillation at LVAD implantation. Mean age was 56.8±11.9 years (range: 22–79) and 141 (84%) were male. Postoperative vascular or visceral surgical management due to malperfusion was needed in 27 patients (16.1%) and did not correlate with postoperative mortality (P=0.121, HR=1.587, CI=0.885–2.845). Patients with preoperative AF had a worse outcome in the Kaplan-Meier analysis (P=0.069). In contrast, cox regression showed that postoperative AF could not to be considered to be an independent predictor of mortality in this study group. Conclusion: Our data suggest that preoperative AF may be a potential predictor of mortality and impaired long-term outcome in LVAD patients. In contrast, preoperative ECLS and vascular or visceral surgery after LVAD implantation did not represent limiting factors with regard to mortality after LVAD implantation.
Perceived Risks and Social, Economic, and Health Changes Among Older People in Thailand During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Vicerra Paolo Miguel Manalang , de Pano Jose Carlo G.
Published: November 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic and the accompanying restrictions have caused disruptions in the lives of older Thais. The present study aimed to determine the associations of perceived risks with social, economic, and health changes that occurred among people aged 60 years old and over during the implemented lockdown measures. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data from a survey on the Impact of COVID-19 on Older Persons in Thailand, with a sample size of 1230 collected in July 2020, were used for the analyses. An index was created using factor analysis from a list of perceived risks or worries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mentioned index was then employed in an ordinary least squares regression model to explore associated factors that involved social, economic, and health changes. Results: The results indicated that older individuals, who were married (β=-0.141; P=0.030) and resided in rural areas (β=-0.218; P<0.001), had lower levels of perceived risks or worries. Greater worry was related to individuals who had negative physical health changes during the pandemic (β=0.177; P<0.001) and those who had less mobility around their communities (β=0.356; P<0.001). Loss of employment (β=0.318; P=0.004) and income inadequacy before the pandemic (β=0.370; P<0.001) and only during the pandemic (β=0.169; P=0.040) had positive associations with perceived risk. Conclusion: Observing psychological health is necessary for the protection of the older population’s wellbeing. The COVID-19 pandemic being an unprecedented event has shown the need to ensure the social and economic protection of this age group as they are highly vulnerable.
Impact of Balance Training on Fear of Falling and Fall Rate in Older Women
Authors: Soleimani Raheleh , Alvandi Homeira , Azari Nastaran , Mobasheri Marziyeh , Hasanzadeh Akbar , Bagherikholenjani Fahimeh
Published: November 2022

Background: Fear of falling is one of the factors that threaten the quality of life in old age and increases the risk of falling by limiting physical activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of balance training on the efficacy of fear of falling and the rate of falling in older women. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 70 aging women with a fear of falling were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (n=35) and control (n=35) groups. The intervention group received 10 sessions of 1-hour balance exercise, along with training in falling prevention strategies, but the control group received only routine care. Data were collected using the Falls Efficacy Scale-International questionnaire and the new elderly health services package of the Ministry of Health of Iran. Fear of falling was evaluated as the primary outcome 1 month and 3 months after balance training, and frequency of falling was assessed as a secondary outcome one year after the intervention. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, independent t test, and paired t test. Results: The results showed that the mean score of fear of falling in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group 1 month (P = 0.005) and 3 months (P < 0.001) after balance training. The mean score of fear of falling in the control group represented no significant difference between the three times (P = 0.64). Finally, one year after the balance training, the frequency of falling in the experimental group was significantly lower in comparison to the control group (P = 0.035). Conclusion: A balance training program is recommended as a preventive approach for reducing the frequency of falling in older women.
The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Health Belief Model on Smoking Preventive Behaviors Among Female Students
Authors: Giti Afsaneh , Shojaeizade Davood , Heidari Gholamreza , Khodakarim Ardakani Soheila , Ramezankhan Ali
Published: November 2022

Background: The increase in smoking among female students in recent years has become one of the major public health concerns in the world. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the health belief model (HBM) on the adoption of smoking preventive behaviors among university female students. Methods: This was an experimental interventional study that was conducted on 114 female students of Islamic Azad University of Tonekabon Branch (57 in each intervention and control group) in 2018. The data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and the International Tobacco Survey based on HBM about the dangers of smoking which was completed in two stages before and one month after the intervention. The educational intervention was conducted in three sessions using two methods of lecture and group discussion. The collected data were analyzed using proportional tests and SPSS software, version 21. Results: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the mean scores of the HBM constructs and smoking preventive behaviors between the two groups (P>0.05), but one month after the intervention, a statistically significant increase was observed in the mean scores of all constructs and preventive behaviors in the experimental group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Overall, the HBM-based education was effective in preventing smoking among female students, and the implemented intervention was appropriate to the used model.
The Role of Education in Promoting Safe Motorcycle Riding Behaviors Among Iranian Students: An Application of the Protection Motivation Theory and the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model
Authors: Mehri Ali , Sadat Hosseini Zakieh , Davarzani Abolfazl , Barati Hadis , Joveini Hamid , Shahrabadi Reza , Hashemian Masoumeh
Published: November 2022

Background: Considering the influential role of teaching safe behaviors in preventing accidents and injuries, this study aims to determine the effect of educational intervention based on protection motivation theory (PMT) and information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model on promoting safe motorcycle riding behaviors in male students at Sabzevar University. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 100 motorcyclist students at Sabzevar University selected using two-stage cluster sampling method in 2018. After confirming the validity and reliability of the instrument, the questionnaire was completed three times before, immediately, and two months after the educational intervention. The intervention group was held in 9 educational sessions for three weeks. The data were analyzed by SPSS18 software using t-test, chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and repeated measures tests. Results: The mean scores of PMT and IMB and safe behaviors of students in the intervention group immediately and two months after the educational intervention compared to the control group showed a statistically significant increase (p<0.001). The mean scores of the studied constructs and safe behaviors in the intervention group had also a statistically significant change over time (p <0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate the effect of educational intervention based on PMT and IMB on promoting safe behaviors in young students. Face-to-face education and virtual education based on a combination of health education theories can be used to effectively promote safe behaviors of motorcyclist students.
Ethnomedicine, phytochemistry, and bioactivities of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae)
Authors: Suhaili Narisya Idayu Mohd , Manshoor Nurhuda
Published: November 2022

Hibiscus sabdariffa L., belonging to the Malvaceae family, has been long used as herbal medicine, food, beverage, flavouring, and colouring agents. This study aims to review and document the evidence regarding the potential use of H. sabdariffa as ethnomedicine in some countries and its bioactive constituents and therapeutic properties. The electronic databases were used to search for the relevant information to the aims of this review up to March 2022. The high usage of H. sabdariffa as traditional medicine is due to its easy accessibility and low price. The plant is often used to treat intestinal problems, stomach disorders, and blood or liver toxicities. The plant contains phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. The in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies provide evidence that H. sabdariffa possesses therapeutic effects such as antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidants, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities. The studies provided scientific evidence for the statement of H. sabdariffa and its bioactive constituents in treating various diseases.
Contribution to vector control by essential oils of Aucoumea klaineana, Canarium schweinfurthii, Cymbopogon nardus, Dacryodes edulis and Eucalyptus citriodora from Gabon
Authors: Sima Obiang Cédric , Ndong Mba Thiery , Ngoua Meye Misso Rick-Léonid , Orango Bourdette Juliette Ornely , Ndong Atome Guy Roger , Ondo Joseph Privat , Obame Engonga Louis-Clément
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Aucoumea klaineana, Canarium schweinfurthii, Cymbopogon nardus, Dacryodes edulis, and Eucalyptus citriodora are of Gabonese origin, believed to have insecticidal activity. This study contributes to vector control by the insecticidal activities (larvicidal and ovicidal) of five essential oils from these plants against Anopheles gambiae, a major vector of malaria in Gabon. Methods: The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation. Larvicidal and ovicidal effects of essential oils were performed using different concentrations on third and fourth instar larvae and eggs of A. gambiae vectors. The effects of these oils were examined on the mortality rate of larvae and eggs. Results: The essential oils of A. klaineana, C. schweinfurthii, C. nardus, A. edulis, and E. citriodora showed greater activity against mosquito larvae (7.33 < LC50 < 107.14) compared to eggs (22.80 < LC50 < 64.63). D. edulis showed the highest activity against Anopheles gambiae eggs and larvae. Of all plants, essential oils from A. klaineana showed the lowest activity of A. gambiae eggs and larvae. Larvae were more sensitive than eggs. All essential oils were toxic to the various aquatic vectors of malaria. Conclusion: The study reveals the potential ovicidal efficacy and larvicidal activity of these plants against A. gambiae.
Antispasmodic effects of hydroalcoholic, aqueous, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts of Zaringiah on rabbit ileum smooth muscle contractions
Authors: Sadraei Hassan , Dastanian Mahsa , Yegdaneh Afsaneh
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Zaringiah (Dracocephalum kotschyi) is an Iranian endemic herbal plant naturally growing in the Isfahan and Khorasan provinces. Hydroalcoholic extract of Zaringiah has anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and immunomodulatory properties. So far, the effect of Zaringiah extract on contraction induced by histamine and serotonin (5-HT) has not been reported. The objective of this research was to investigate the antispasmodic effect of hydroalcoholic, aqueous, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts of Zaringiah on rabbit ileum smooth muscle contractions induced by histamine and 5-HT. Methods: Khorasani variant of Zaringiah was used in this study. Aqueous extract was prepared by decoction, while hydroalcoholic extract was obtained by the maceration technique. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were obtained using a solvent in solvent extraction technique. Rabbit isolated ileum was set up in an organ bath filled with Tyrode’s solution. The effects of the above extracts were examined on contractions induced by histamine or 5-HT and compared with each other. Results: Hydroalcoholic extract of Zaringiah inhibited the rabbit ileum contractions induced by histamine (IC50 = 76 ± 7.7 μg/mL) and 5-HT (IC50 = 60 ± 6.4 μg/mL), as well as spontaneous contractions (IC50 = 63 ± 15 μg/mL). The aqueous extract, as well as chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions, concentration-dependently inhibited spontaneous, histamine, and 5-HT induced contractions. Conclusion: There was not a significant difference among the inhibitory actions of hydroalcoholic, aqueous, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts of Zaringiah on rabbit ileum, indicating the distribution of active constituents in both polar and non-polar mediums.
Antifungal effects of zinc nanoparticles green synthesized by Lavandula angustifolia extract, alone and combined with nystatin against Candida albicans, a major cause of oral candidiasis
Authors: Nasiri Saman , Mahmoudvand Hossein , Shakibaei Mojtaba , Mousavi Seyyed Amir Hossein , Sepahvand Asghar
Published: November 2022

Introduction: This work aimed to determine the antifungal effects of zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) green synthesized by Lavandula angustifolia extract, alone and along with nystatin against Candida albicans. Methods: ZnNPs were green synthesized with L. angustifolia extract by microwaves method. Antifungal effects of ZnNPs were studied by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) using the broth microdilution method based on the modified M27-A3 protocol on yeasts, recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Effects of green synthesized ZnNPs against human normal fibroblast-like Gingiva (HGF1-PI1) and human epithelial-like oral cancer (KB) cell lines were studied by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. Results: The ZnNPs showed a spherical shape with some grains of different lengths. The best levels of MIC and MFC were connected to the combination of ZnNPs + nystatin with values of 0.204 and 0.250 μg/mL, respectively. The combination of ZnNPs with nystatin compared to the nystatin group had a significantly better antifungal effect on C. albicans (P < 0.001). The 50% cytotoxic concentrations of ZnNPs against normal (HGF1-PI1) and cancer (KB) cells were 172.3 and 83.2 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: We found that ZnNPs plus nystatin had a potent antifungal effect against C. albicans. These findings indicated the cytotoxic effects of green synthesized ZnNPs on cancerous cells, whereas they were nontoxic for normal cells. Additional studies are necessary to explain the accurate mechanism and toxicity.
Evaluation of erythrocyte viability, antioxidant capacity and antiplasmodial activity induced by alkaloid extract of Phyllanthus amarus
Authors: Uzuegbu Ugochukwu Enyinanya , Onyesom Innocent , Opajobi Adefunke Olukemi , Elu Chinwendu Obogheneophruhe
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species in severe malarial infection is due to parasite invasion to erythrocytes. Malaria resistance to medication has left malaria-endemic countries with no alternate source of medications but traditional medicine. One of such plants utilized by traditional healers is Phyllanthus amarus. Therefore, this study aims at ascertaining the antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities of P. amarus and its specific actions on retaining erythrocyte viability and antioxidant activity. Methods: Antiplasmodial and erythrocyte viability activities were determined in vitro via parasite suppression and tetrazolium-based colorimetric assays, respectively. Antioxidant capacity was determined by measuring extract’s ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation, scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide ions, reduce iron(III) ions, and chelate iron in vitro using documented methods. Results: Alkaloid extracts of P. amarus showed great antiplasmodial activity (IC50=0.52μg/mL) and low cytotoxic activity (CC50=54.95 μg/mL). Erythrocyte viability assay showed the minimal impact of the extract on the uninfected erythrocytes but improved viability of the infected RBC in a dose dependent manner, and antioxidant activity manifested mainly in its iron chelating activity (EC50=0.34 μg/mL). Conclusion: This study suggests that the alkaloid extract of P. amarus has significant antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities. These activities promoted the repair of parasite-induced free radical damage to the erythrocyte membrane but distorted the parasites redox balance and defense mechanism, and hence survival rate as indicated by the parasite suppression associated with alkaloid extract treatment of malarial infection.