bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Data Mining on Web Usage Data for Security: WebSecuDMiner
Authors: Khan Muhammad Zia Aftab , Park Jihyun
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this paper is to develop WebSecuDMiner algorithm to discover unusual web access patterns based on analysing the potential rules hidden in web server log and user navigation history. Design/methodology/approach: WebSecuDMiner uses equivalence class transformation (ECLAT) algorithm to extract user access patterns from the web log data, which will be used to identify the user access behaviours pattern and detect unusual one. Data extracted from the web serve log and user browsing behaviour is exploited to retrieve the web access pattern that is produced by the same user. Findings: WebSecuDMiner is used to detect whether any unauthorized access have been posed and take appropriate decisions regarding the review of the original rights of suspicious user. Research limitations/implications: The present work uses the database which is extracted from web serve log file and user browsing behaviour. Although the page is viewed by the user, the visit is not recorded in the server log file, since it can be access from the browser's cache.
An Isolated Complex V Inefficiency and Dysregulated Mitochondrial Function in Immortalized Lymphocytes from ME/CFS Patients
Authors: Missailidis Daniel , Annesley Sarah , Allan Claire , Sanislav Oana , Lidbury Brett , Lewis Don , Fisher Paul
Published: September 2019

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is an enigmatic condition characterized by fatigue that is unaided by rest and by exacerbation of symptoms after exertion (post-exertional malaise or “PEM”). There is no definitive molecular marker or known underlying pathological mechanism for the condition. Increasing evidence for aberrant energy metabolism suggests a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in ME/CFS. Our objective was therefore to measure mitochondrial function and cellular stress sensing in actively metabolising patient blood cells. We immortalized lymphoblasts isolated from 51 ME/CFS patients diagnosed according to the Canadian Consensus Criteria and an age- and gender-matched control group. Parameters of mitochondrial function and energy stress sensing were assessed by Seahorse extracellular flux analysis, proteomics, and an array of additional biochemical assays. As a proportion of the basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR), the rate of ATP synthesis by Complex V was significantly reduced in ME/CFS lymphoblasts, while significant elevations were observed in Complex I OCR, maximum OCR, spare respiratory capacity, nonmitochondrial OCR and “proton leak” as a proportion of the basal OCR. This was accompanied by an elevation of mitochondrial membrane potential, chronically hyperactivated TOR Complex I stress signalling and upregulated expression of mitochondrial respiratory complexes, fatty acid transporters and enzymes of the β-oxidation and TCA cycles. By contrast, mitochondrial mass and genome copy number, as well as glycolytic rates and steady state ATP levels were unchanged. Our results suggest a model in which ME/CFS lymphoblasts have a Complex V defect accompanied by compensatory upregulation of their respiratory capacity that includes the mitochondrial respiratory complexes, membrane transporters and enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation. This homeostatically returns ATP synthesis and steady state levels to “normal” in resting cells, but may leave them unable to adequately respond to acute increases in energy demand as the relevant homeostatic pathways are already activated.
Pathway analysis of genes identified through Post-GWAS to understand prostate cancer aetiology
Authors: Farashi Samaneh , Kryza Thomas , Batra Jyotsna
Published: September 2019

Understanding the role of risk regions identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have made considerable progress lately referred to the post-GWAS era. Annotation of the genes to the GWAS and fine-mapped functional variants, and understanding their biological pathway/gene networks enrichments is expected to give rich dividend by elucidating the mechanisms underlying prostate cancer. To this aim, we compiled and analysed currently available post-GWAS data on genes identified through GWAS and validated through experimental studies in prostate cancer to investigate molecular biological pathways enriched for assigned functional genes. The results highlight some well-known cancer signalling pathways, antigen presentation process and enrichment in cell growth and development gene networks suggesting prostate cancer may result from the accumulation of the effects of functional variants through multiple gene sets and pathways. The upstream analysis identifies critical transcription factors, which supplements the results regarding the regulatory role of the post-GWAS genes. We also identified the common genes between post-GWAS and three well-annotated prostate cancer Oncomine data in patient samples in order to uncover possible main genes in prostate cancer development/progression. Post-GWAS generated knowledge of gene networks and pathways, if analysed further and targeted appropriately, will have an important impact on clinical management of the disease.
Deriving Aerosol Absorption Properties from Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Spectral Measurements at Thessaloniki, Greece
Authors: Fountoulakis Ilias , Natsis Athanasios , Siomos Nikolaos , Drosoglou Theano , Bais Alkiviadis F.
Published: September 2019

The gap in knowledge regarding the radiative effects of aerosols in the UV region of the solar spectrum is large, mainly due to the lack of systematic measurements of the aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) and absorption optical depth (AAOD). In the present study, spectral UV measurements performed in Thessaloniki, Greece by a double monochromator Brewer spectrophotometer in the period 1998 - 2017 are used for the calculation of the aforementioned optical properties. The main uncertainty factors have been described and there is an effort to quantify the overall uncertainties in SSA and AAOD. Analysis of the results suggests that the absorption by aerosols is much stronger in the UV relative to the visible. SSA follows a clear annual pattern ranging from ~0.7 in winter to ~0.85 in summer at wavelengths 320 – 360 nm, while AAOD peaks in summer and winter. The average AAOD for 2009 – 2011 is ~50% above the 2003 – 2006 average, possibly due to increased emissions of absorbing aerosols related to the economical crisis and the metro-railway construction works in the city center. A detailed analysis of the uncertainties in the retrieval of the SSA and the AAOD from the Brewer spectrophotometer has been also performed.
Education for Sustainable Leadership: Raising Women’s Capacities
Authors: Segovia-Pérez Mónica , Laguna-Sánchez Pilar , de la Fuente-Cabrero Concepción
Published: September 2019

Education is an imperative key to driving sustainability and gender equity. In addition to addressing well-known female deficiencies in leadership training, it is really important to develop initiatives in sustainable leadership education for women to acquire skills, competencies and tools on leadership and to increase their self-perceptions. The purpose of this study is to assess a Women’s Leadership Program for university students. The sample consisted of 50 students enrolled in the program. A mixed-method approach was applied. Quantitative methods with a survey were conducted to evaluate the training and the achievement of leadership skills. In the data analysis, a descriptive statistics variance analysis, using a Welch statistic and T2 Dunnett test, was applied. Qualitative research methods were conducted through three focus groups to evaluate personal changes in their own-perceptions and self-confidence. Results suggest that the female students in the program reached a level of leadership knowledge with practical tools for their future. The program inspired them and confirmed changes in their personal capacities or self-confidence, including reflection about facing challenges in the work environment. The findings support the effectiveness of the specific education in breaking two barriers shown by the literature for women to getting a managerial position: lack of training and female self-confidence.
Additional Value of Using Satellite-Based Soil Moisture and Two Sources of Groundwater Data for Hydrological Model Calibration
Authors: Demirel Mehmet Cüneyd , Özen Alparslan , Orta Selen , Toker Emir , Demir Hatice Kübra , Ekmekcioğlu Ömer , Tayşi Hüsamettin , Eruçar Sinan , Sağ Ahmet Bilal , Sarı Ömer , Tuncer Ecem , Hancı Hayrettin , Özcan Türkan İrem , Erdem Hilal , Koşucu Mehmet Melih , Başakın Eyyup Ensar , Ahmed Kamal , Anwar Awat , Avcuoğlu Muhammet Bahattin , Vanlı Ömer , Stisen Simon , Booij Martijn J.
Published: September 2019

Although the complexity of physically based models continues to increase, they still need to be calibrated. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using new satellite technologies and products with high resolution in model evaluations and decision-making. The aim of this study is to investigate the value of different remote sensing products and groundwater level measurements in the temporal calibration of a well-known hydrologic model i.e. HBV. This has been rarely done for conceptual models as satellite data are often used in spatial calibration of the distributed models. Three different soil moisture products from ESA CCI SM v04.4, AMSR-E and SMAP, and total water storage anomalies from GRACE are collected and spatially averaged over the Moselle River Basin in Germany and France. Different combinations of objective functions and search algorithms all targeting a good fit between observed and simulated streamflow, groundwater and soil moisture are used to analyse the contribution of each individual source of information. Firstly, the most important parameters are selected using sensitivity analysis and then, these parameters are included in a subsequent model calibration. The results of our multi-objective calibration reveal substantial contribution of remote sensing products to the lumped model calibration even if their spatially distributed information is lost during the spatial aggregation. Inclusion of new observations such as groundwater levels from wells and remotely sensed soil moisture to the calibration improves the model’s physical behaviour while it keeps a reasonable water balance that is the key objective of every hydrologic model.
The Relationship between the Air Content in the Mortar and Concrete for Different Types of Cement
Authors: Łaźniewska-Piekar Beata , Gołaszewski Jacek
Published: September 2019

Research results of the relationships between air-volume in air-entrained cement paste, mortar and concrete, all designed according to PN-EN 480-1 guidelines are presented in the paper. The cement paste, mortar and concrete, with w/c=0,5 ratio, were prepared using innovative air-entraining cement CEM II/B-V. The air-entraining cement CEM II/B-V was produced using two methods: mixed together with natural or synthetic aerated admixture. The air volume test of the volumetric method was carried out in case of fresh cement paste, mortar and concrete mix. Fresh concretes were evaluated in terms of stability of air entrainment and consistency for 5, 20 and 40 min. The porosity structure parameters, like summarized air-content, specific surface of air voids, air-voids spacing factor and micropores content of hardened concrete, were estimated using computed tomography with a resolution of 2-5 μm. The aim of the research was to determine the dependence between air-content of cement paste, mortar and concrete on the measurement of air-entrainment of cement paste or mortar with the same w/c ratio and type of cement, all designed according to PN-EN 480-1 guidelines. Test results proved that there is a good correlation between the measured air-content of the cement paste, mortar and concrete. Therefore, it is possible to predict the aeration of concrete on the air-entrainment of the mortar.
The Charcot Marie Tooth Disease Mutation R94Q in MFN2 Decreases ATP Production but Increases Mitochondrial Respiration under Conditions of Mild Oxidative Stress
Authors: Wolf Christina , Zimmermann Rahel , Thaher Osamah , Bueno Diones , Wüllner Verena , Albrecht Philipp , Methner Axel
Published: September 2019

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a hereditary polyneuropathy caused by mutations in Mitofusin-2 (MFN2), a GTPase in the outer mitochondrial membrane involved in the regulation of mitochondrial fusion and bioenergetics. Autosomal-dominant inheritance of a R94Q mutation in MFN2 causes the axonal subtype 2A2A which is characterized by early onset and progressive atrophy of distal muscles caused by motoneuronal degeneration. Here, we studied mitochondrial shape, respiration, cytosolic and mitochondrial ATP content as well as mitochondrial quality control in MFN2-deficient fibroblasts stably expressing wildtype or R94Q MFN2. Under normal culture conditions, R94Q cells had slightly more fragmented mitochondria but similar mitochondrial oxygen consumption, membrane potential and ATP production. Mild oxidative stress procured by 100 µM hydrogen peroxide applied 24 h before analysis, however, significantly increased respiration but decreased mitochondrial ATP production only in R94Q cells. This was accompanied by increased glucose uptake and an upregulation of hexokinase 1 and pyruvate kinase M2 suggesting increased pyruvate shuttling into mitochondria. As these changes coincided with decreased levels of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in R94Q cells, we conclude that the disease-causing R94Q mutation in MFN2 causes uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration from ATP production by a less efficient mitochondrial quality control.
Analytical Modeling of Fluid Flow in Hydrophobic, Rectangular Microchannels with General Navier-Slip Boundary Conditions
Authors: Kashaninejad Navid
Published: September 2019

Fluid mechanics of flow in hydrophobic, rectangular microchannels with finite aspect ratios is of paramount importance. In such microchannels, not only the effect of the side walls should be taken into account, but also the classical assumption of no-slip boundary condition (BC) is no longer valid at the solid-liquid interface. Accordingly, slip flow can occur in microchannels fabricated from surfaces with low wetting conditions, hydrophobic surfaces. Determining the interactions of liquid molecules adjacent to solid surface is still a challenging issue, and it is especially important in small scale domains. Herein, the fluid mechanics of flow through rectangular hydrophobic microchannels has been reconsidered by taking into account the general Navier-slip BCs at the solid-liquid interface. For fully developed incompressible flow in microchannels at low Reynolds number, partial differential equation (PDE) of the momentum equation simplifies to the classical Poisson equation. Accordingly, by analytically solving the Poisson equations with general Navier-slip BCs, the most general forms of velocity distributions, flow rate, friction factor and Poiseuille number have been obtained.
Pemanfaatan Informasi Geospasial Melalui Interpretasi Citra Digital Penginderaan Jauh untuk Monitoring Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan
Authors: Pahleviannur Muhammad Rizal
Published: September 2019

Abstrak: Dewasa ini, permasalahan yang terjadi pada setiap wilayah yaitu perubahan penggunaan lahan. Perkembangan fisik yang terjadi di suatu wilayah yang pada awalnya memiliki lahan kosong, sekarang menjadi lahan terbangun, sehingga mengakibatkan luas lahan kosong semakin berkurang. Desa Mudal merupakan salah satu desa yang terletak di Kecamatan Boyolali, Kabupaten Boyolali. Desa Mudal secara ekologis merupakan sebagian besar daerah pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis penggunaan lahan dan agihan perubahan penggunaan lahan melalui interpretasi citra digital penginderaan jauh dan survei lapangan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penginderaan jauh menggunakan teknik interpretasi citra digital dengan analisis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) terhadap perubahan penggunaan lahan dan observasi lapangan. Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah dengan uji ketelitian interpretasi citra menggunakan perhitungan matriks konfusi yang terdiri dari klasifikasi masing-masing objek dan termasuk salah satu uji untuk mengukur tingkat validitas data. Setelah dilakukan perbandingan antara citra google maps Tahun 2015 dengan survei lapangan Tahun 2018, hasil yang didapat tidak mengalami perubahan secara signifikan.

 

Abstract: Nowadays, the problems that occur in each region are changes in using of land. Physical development that occurs in an area that initially had vacant land, is now a built up land, resulting in diminishing land area. Mudal Village is one of the villages located in Boyolali District, Boyolali Regency. Mudal Village is ecologically a large part of the agricultural area. This study aims to identify the types of land use and distribution of land use through the interpetation of remote sensing digital images and field surveys. The method used in this study is the remote sensing method using digital image interpretation techniques with analysis of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) on changes in land use and field observations. Data analysis was carried out by testing the accuracy of image interpretation using a confusion matrix calculation consisting of the classification consisting of the classification of each object and including one test to measure the validity level of the data. After a comparison between the google maps image in 2015 and the 2018 field survey, the result obtained did not change significantly.
Karakteristik dan Dinamika Nelayan Rawa Pening ( Kasus Kecamatan Banyubiru
Authors: Safriani Eka Wulan , Jayanti Rani Dwi , Merselena Merselena , Nuryawan Fadly , Eka Tasya Vima , Wahyudi Gesang Nur , Hadi Rusmani , Mufida Ana Zahiratul , Wibowo Yunus Aris
Published: September 2019

Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang karakteristik dan dinamika sosial ekonomi masyarakat nelayan di Kecamatan Banyubiru. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aspek sosial ekonomi masyarakat nelayan yang mencakup pendidikan, lama menjadi nelayan, usia rata-rata, pendapatan, serta dinamika perubahannya. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 191 nelayan dengan sampel yang diambil sebanyak 115 nelayan menggunakan teknik proporsional random sampling. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan : 1) rata-rata tingkat pendidikan nelayan tergolong rendah dengan presentase tertinggi sebesar 57,14% pada kelompok nelayan Minarejeki dan Rowoganjar, 2) Usia rata-rata nelayan memasuki usia masa lansia yaitu dengan umur 51-66 tahun sebesar 42,25 %, serta hampir semasa usianya menjadi nelayan, 3) tingkat pendapatan rata-rata nelayan tergolong dalam kelas rendah dengan presentase tertinggi sebesar 94,44 %, 4) terjadi dinamika pada kelompok nelayan sebagai upaya peningkatan taraf hidup dengan presentase sebesar 1,6 % kelompok nelayan yang beralih ke nelayan keramba. 

 

 

Kata kunci: dinamika, ekonomi, nelayan, sosial

 

Abstract: Berisi terjemahan abstrak Bahasa Indonesia ke dalam Bahasa Inggris dengan aturan penulisan yang sama. This study examines the characteristics and socio-economic dynamics of fishing communities in Banyubiru District. This study aims to determine the socio-economic aspects of fishing communities which include education, length of time being a fisherman, average age, income, and the dynamics of change. The research population was 191 fishermen with 115 fishermen using proportional random sampling technique. The results of the study concluded: 1) the average level of education of fishermen is low with the highest percentage of 57.14% in the fishermen group Minarejeki and Rowoganjar, 2) The average age of fishermen entering the age of the elderly is 51-66 years of age 42, 25%, and almost during his age as a fisherman, 3) the average income level of fishermen is classified as low with the highest percentage of 94.44%, 4) they are dynamics in the fishermen group as an effort to improve living standards with a percentage of 1.6% groups of fishermen who switch to cage fishermen.

 

 

Keywords: dynamics, economy, fishermen, social
Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Mangrove Sebagai Kawasan Ekowisata (Studi Kasus Dusun Magelo’o Desa Reroroja Kecamatan Magepanda Kabupaten Sikka)
Authors: Apelabi Ana Maria Goreti Boy , Jamil Achmad Maulana Malik , Putra Dwi Fauzia
Published: September 2019

Hutan mangrove di Dusun Magelo’o sudah mulai dimanfaatkan masyarakat dan pemerintah untuk dijadikan kawasan ekowisata. Tetapi, hutan mangrove di Dusun Magelo’o selama ini pengelolaannya belum maksimal dilihat dari masih kurang adanya penyediaan fasilitas penunjang kawasan wisata. Untuk itu partisipasi masyarakat sangat diperlukan dalam pengelolaan kawasan hutan mangrove menjadi kawasan ekowisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengetahui bentuk pengelolaan hutan mangrove, 2) mengetahui partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan hutan mangrove sebagai kawasan ekowisata dan 3) mengetahui faktor pendukung dan penghambat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan hutan mangrove sebagai kawasan ekowisata. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan melalui pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan verification. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa bentuk pengelolaan kawasan hutan mangrove di Dusun Magelo’o adalah sebagai kawasan konservasi yang juga dimanfaatkan sebagai kawasan ekowisata dan pendidikan. Partisipasi yang diberikan masyarakat berupa pikiran dan tenaga. Tahapan partisipasi terdiri dari perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, dan monitoring dan evaluasi. Faktor pendukung partisipasi masyarakat di Dusun Magelo’o berupa kesadaran dan kemauan. Sedangkan faktor penghambat pastisipasi masyarakat di Dusun Magelo’o adalah waktu bekerja dan ketergantungan kepada pihak-pihak tertentu. Saran agar penelitian ini dapat dijadikan acuan bagi peneliti lain untuk mengambil judul tentang partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan hutan mangrove sebagai kawasan ekowisata.
Pemetaan Kualitas Permukiman dengan Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis di Kelurahan Sukun, Kecamatan Sukun, Kota Malang
Authors: Maryono Yoseph Nong , Jamil Achmad Maulana Malik , Kurniawati Dwi
Published: September 2019

Permukiman adalah bagian dari kehidupan manusia yang merupakan lingkungan hidup atau tempat tinggal dari manusia itu sendiri. Kondisi suatu permukiman sangat berkaitan erat dengan kehidupan manusia didalamnya dan saling mempengaruhi. Kondisi permukiman yang kurang baik akan mengganggu kesejahteraan kehidupan manusia, begitu pula kegiatan dari manusia akan mempengaruhi kondisi permukimannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas permukiman di wilayah Kelurahan Sukun, Kecamatan Sukun, Kota Malang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian yang berbentuk survey. Untuk mengetahui kualitas permukiman di Kelurahan Sukun, Kecamatan Sukun Kota Malang dibutuhkan parameter penentu (indikator penentu) yang diinterpretasikan dari citra resolusi tinggi (Google Earth). Setelah dilakukan pengumpulan data, pengukuran di lapangan dan interpretasi citra serta diolah dan dianalisis, didapatkan hasil bahwa Kelurahan Sukun termasuk dalam kualitas permukiman sedang karena jumlah semua parameter penentu kualitas permukiman hanya mencapai tingkat sedang. Disimpulkan bahwa kualitas permukiman di Kelurahan Sukun termasuk kedalam Kualitas sedang. Kualitas permukiman di Kelurahan Sukun yang masuk klasifikasi sedang dipengaruhi oleh pembangunan yang sembarangan yang mengakibatkan beberapa indikator penentu kualitas permukiman menjadi buruk. Oleh karena itu diharapkan kepada pemerintah dan masyarakat untuk lebih memperhatikan lagi pembangunan dalam permukiman agar kualitas permukiman tersebut tetap baik.
Aplikasi Penentuan Jumlah Produksi di Farhan Konfeksi Kotamobagu dengan Menggunakan Fuzzy Tsukamoto
Authors: Tomatala Michel Farrel
Published: September 2019

Ketidakstabilan permintaan yang tinggi maupun rendah pada waktu tertentu serta permintaan secara mendadak mengakibatkan sulitnya menentukan jumlah produksi yang tepat. Ini mengakibatkan masalah penumpukan stok persediaan saat kelebihan jumlah produksi dan masalah sebaliknya yaitu kekurangan jumlah produksi sehingga tidak dapat memenuhi jumlah permintaan. Sebab itu dibutuhkan suatu aplikasi yang bisa dengan mudah digunakan untuk menentukan jumlah produksi yang tepat. Aplikasi ini menggunakan metode Fuzzy Tsukamoto dengan tiga tahap perhitungan jumlah produksi yaitu fuzzifikasi, inferensi dan defuzzifikasi. Pada tahap awal, variabel permintaan, persediaan dan produksi masing-masing dibagi menjadi tiga himpunan fuzzy. Variabel permintaan terdiri dari TURUN, TETAP dan NAIK, variabel persediaan terdiri dari SEDIKIT, SEDANG, dan BANYAK, serta variabel produksi terdiri dari BERKURANG, TETAP dan BERTAMBAH. Kombinasi semua himpunan fuzzy dibentuk menjadi sembilan rules fuzzy yang digunakan dalam tahap inferensi. Ditahap inferensi, dicari nilai keanggotaan anteseden (α) dan nilai jumlah produksi kira-kira (z) setiap rules-nya. Jumlah pakaian yang akan diproduksi (Z) dicari dengan metode defuzzifikasi rata-rata terpusat. Aplikasi ini memiliki tingkat kesalahan sebesar 0.324673 % setelah diuji menggunakan 29 sampel dengan metode Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), sehingga disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi ini memiliki kinerja efektif tanpa mengurangi ketepatan perhitungan dan dapat digunakan untuk menentukan jumlah produksi dalam waktu singkat.
Estudo sobre aquisição de alimentos da agricultura familiar para o programa nacional de alimentação escolar
Authors: De Andrade Jucimar Casimiro , De Araújo Maurílio Arruda , Santos Pedro Vieira Souza
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo teve como objetivo verificar como os municípios paraibanos estão aplicando os recursos repassados pelo Fundo Nacional da Educação (FNDE) para o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE). Segundo a Lei nº 11.947/2009, atualmente em vigor, no mínimo 30% das aquisições pelas Administrações Públicas de gêneros alimentícios para atender o PNAE devem ser oriundos da agricultura familiar ou do empreendedor familiar rural. Assim, selecionou-se no estado da Paraíba uma amostra de 17 municípios entre os anos de 2011 a 2015. Os resultados apontaram que a maioria dos municípios efetua as compras de agricultores familiares para atendimento do programa de forma desorganizada e com pouca gerência, onde se constatou anos onde há o cumprimento da lei, ou seja, destinação de no mínimo 30% dos recursos do PNAE vindos do agricultor familiar, intercalados por anos sem aquisições da agricultura.
The effect of innovation on the financial performance and export intensity of firms in emerging countries
Authors: Quelhas Filipe de Castro , Reis da Costa Stella Regina
Published: September 2019

Qual o impacto da inovação no desempenho financeiro e na intensidade de exportação de firmas de países emergentes? Estudos da área encontraram resultados contraditórios sobre o efeito da inovação no desempenho das firmas. A minoria destes estudos operacionalizou investigações com dados históricos provenientes de diversos países, especialmente em se tratando de países emergentes. Este artigo contribui com a evidenciação do efeito da atividade de inovação em firmas de países emergentes no seu desempenho financeiro e na intensidade de exportação. Esta contribuição é atingida pela realização de uma survey multinacional que conta com dados de cinco anos (2008-2012) de 140 firmas do Brasil, Rússia, Índia e China com atividade predominantemente baseada em manufatura. Os resultados contrastam-se com a literatura encontrada, apresentando forte correlação positiva entre as variáveis principais de estudo. Com base nos resultados estatísticos destacados, discutem-se as similaridades e peculiaridades deste estudo em relação aos demais bem como implicações gerenciais e teóricas desta pesquisa.
Association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and thyroid dysfunction: a case-control seroprevalence study
Authors: Alvarado-Esqu Cosme , Ramos-Nevarez Agar , Guido-Arreola Carlos Alberto , Cerrillo-Soto Sandra Margarita , Pérez-Álamos Alma Rosa , Estrada-Martínez Sergio , Gutierrez-Martinez Verónica Dayali , Sifuentes-Alvarez Antonio , Ramírez-Valles Eda Guadalupe , Contreras-Cisneros Edith
Published: September 2019

Background: The association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and thyroid disease has been poorly studied. Therefore, we sought to determine the association between T. gondii seropositivity and thyroid dysfunction.
Methods: We performed an age- and gender-matched case-control study of 176 patients suffering from hypothyroidism (n=161) or hyperthyroidism (n=15) and 528 control subjects without these diseases in a public hospital in Durango City, Mexico. Anti- Toxoplasma IgG antibodies were determined in sera from cases and controls using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunoassay.
Results: Anti- T. gondii IgG antibodies were found in 11 (6.3%) of 176 patients suffering from thyroid dysfunction and in 48 (9.1%) of 528 control subjects (OR=0.66; 95% CI: 0.33-1.31; P =0.23). Stratification by two groups of age (50 years and younger, and 51 year and older) showed that the youngest group of patients with thyroid dysfunction had a significantly lower seroprevalence of T. gondii infection than its age- and gender-matched control group (1/83: 1.2% vs 23/257: 8.6%; OR=0.12; 95% CI: 0.01-0.93; P =0.01). This stratification also showed that the youngest group of patients with hypothyroidism had a significantly lower seroprevalence of T. gondii infection than its age- and gender matched control group (0/75: 0% vs 21/233: 9.0%; P =0.003).
Conclusions: Our results suggest that thyroid dysfunction is not associated with seropositivity to T. gondii in general; however, in young (50 years or less) patients, a negative association between infection and thyroid dysfunction and hypothyroidism was found. Further research to confirm this negative association is needed.
Untangling relationships among terraranan frogs: a phylogenomic approach based on 2,665 loci
Authors: Barrientos Lucas Santiago , Streicher Jeffrey W. , Miller Elizabeth C. , Pie Marcio R. , Wiens John J. , Crawford Andrew J.
Published: September 2019

Background: Terraranae is a large clade of New World direct-developing frogs that includes 3–5
families and >1,000 described species, encompassing ~15% of all named frog species. The relationships among major groups of terraranan frogs have been highly contentious, including conflicts among three recent phylogenomic studies utilizing 95, 389, and 2,214 nuclear loci, respectively. In this paper, we re-evaluate relationships within Terraranae using a novel genomic dataset for 16 ingroup species representing most terraranan families and subfamilies.
Results: The preferred data matrix consisted of 2,665 nuclear loci from ultraconserved elements (UCEs), with a total of 743,419 aligned base pairs and 57% missing data. Concatenated likelihood analyses and coalescent-based species-tree analyses both recovered strong statistical support for the following relationships among terraranan families: (Brachycephalidae, (Eleutherodactylidae, (Craugastoridae + “Strabomantidae”))). Our placement of Brachycephalidae agrees with two previous phylogenomic studies but conflicts with another. Our results place Strabomantis (of the Strabomantidae) with (or within) Craugastor (Craugastoridae) rather than with other strabomantid genera, rendering Strabomantidae paraphyletic with respect to Craugastoridae.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that Strabomantidae should be placed in the synonymy of the older Craugastoridae. Furthermore, our results suggest that Pristimantinae is paraphyletic with respect to Holoadeninae and should be subsumed into the older Holoadeninae. We also found that using matrices of UCE loci with less missing data (and concomitantly fewer loci) generally decreased support for most nodes on the tree. Overall, our results help resolve controversial relationships within one of the largest clades of frogs, with a dataset containing ~7 times more
loci than previous studies focused on this clade.
The IASP Pain curriculum for undergraduate allied health professionals: educators defining competence level using Dublin Descriptors.
Authors: Lankveld Wim van , Afram Basema , Staal Bart , Sande Rob van der
Published: September 2019

Background. Improving pain education for undergraduate health professionals is hampered by lacking shared education outcomes. This study describes how educators and pain experts operationalize content and competency levels deemed necessary for a mandatory undergraduate pain education core curriculum for health professionals (physical and occupational therapists, nurses, psychologists). Methods. Educators and experts on pain and pain education gave their opinion on content and competency level for each individual item of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) inter professional curriculum. Participants decided whether or not to include each item in the undergraduate curriculum. Items were included when > 70% of the respondents agreed. The required competency for each item was rated using ordinal Dublin Descriptors. Results. Overall, 22 experts rated the curriculum, with > 70% agreement on inclusion on 62% of the IASP items. Within the IASP domain ‘Multidimensional nature of pain’ there was full agreement on the inclusion of 12 items. ‘Ethics’ was considered less important with only 1 item deemed necessary. There is a high number of items selected within the domains ‘Pain Assessment and measurement’ (78%) and ‘Management of Pain’ (74%). Considerably less items were chosen in the domain ’Clinical Conditions’ (41%). For most items the median required skills and competency level was either Knowledge and Understanding, or Applying Knowledge and Understanding. Conclusion. Overall, educators and experts in pain agreed on content and competency levels for an undergraduate pain curriculum based on the IASP. Defining a shared competency level will help improve definition of education outcome.
Practice, Perceived Barriers and Motivating factors to medical-incident reporting: A cross-section survey of health care providers at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Southwestern Uganda.
Authors: Turyahabwe Naome , Mwesigwa James , Atuhairwe Christine , Taremwa Ivan Mugisha
Published: September 2019

Background Medical-incident reporting (MIR) ensures patient safety and delivery of quality of care by minimizing unintentional harm among health care providers. We explored medical-incident reporting practices, perceived barriers and motivating factors among health care providers at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH).Methods We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study on 158 health provider at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), Western Uganda. Data was gathered using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS. The chi-square and principle component analysis were used to determine factors associated with MIR at MRRH.Results The results showed that there was no formal incident reporting structure. However the medical-incidences identified were: medication errors (89.9%), diagnostic errors (71.5%), surgical errors (52.5%) and preventive error (47.7%). The motivating factors of MIR were: establishment of a good communication system, instituting corrective action on the reported incidents and reinforcing health workers knowledge on MIR (p-value 0.004); presence of effective organizational systems like: written guidelines, practices of open door policy, no blame approach, and team work were significantly associated with MIR (p-value 0.000). On the other hand, perceived barriers to MIR were: lack of knowledge on incidents and their reporting, non-existence of an incident reporting team and fear of being punished (p value 0.669).Conclusion Medical Incident Reporting at MRRH was sub-optimal. Therefore setting up an incident management team and conducting routine training MIR among health care workers will increase patient safety.
Evaluation of a three-phase implementation program in enhancing e-mental health adoption within Indigenous primary healthcare organisations
Authors: Raphiphatthana Buaphrao , Sweet Michelle , Puszka Stefanie , Dingwall Kylie , Nagel Tricia
Published: September 2019

Background : A three-phase implementation program was carried out to enhance e-mental health uptake within Indigenous primary healthcare organisations in Australia. The present study aimed to evaluate the process and the effectiveness of the program.
Methods : A concurrent triangulation design was employed to collect and compare quantitative and qualitative data from organisations that participated in the implementation program (case studies) to those that participated in training only (non-case studies). Quantitative methods, i.e., t-tests and descriptive statistics, were used to measure outcomes relating to the frequency of e-mental health usage and levels of organisational readiness. Qualitative data were analysed separately, using theoretical thematic analysis, to gain an in depth understanding of the implementation process. The findings were integrated and interpreted within the implementation science literature.
Results : The case studies evidenced greater use of e-mental health approaches than the non-case studies. They also demonstrated increased organisational readiness over the course of the implementation program. The program helped organisations to work and improve on essential aspects within the organisation so that they better supported e-mental health adoption. The key areas addressed were Information Technology resources and infrastructure, leadership and support, policy and protocols around e-mental health utilisation and its integration into practice.
Conclusions : By addressing and improving essential aspects relating to e-mental health implementation, the program helped organisations to increase organisational readiness and enhanced uptake of e-mental health approaches.
The Effect of Parental Migration on Early Childhood Nutrition of Left-Behind Children in Rural China
Authors: Shi Huifeng , Zhang Jingxu , Du Yufeng , Zhao Chunxia , Huang Xiaona , Wang Xiaoli
Published: September 2019

Background: More than one-third of children under 3 years old are left behind at home due to parental migration in rural China, and we know very little about early childhood nutrition of left-behind children (LBC) because of the dearth of research. This study examined the impact of parental migration on early childhood nutrition of LBC in rural China.
Methods: We used repeat cross-sectional data of rural children aged 6–35 months in six counties of northern and southern China, who participated in two surveys in 2013 and 2016 respectively. The length, weight, and hemoglobin concentration were measured by trained health‑care workers blinded to parental migration status. Generalized linear regressions and multivariate logistic regressions were employed to explore the association between parental migration and child nutritional outcomes at each time point.
Results: 2,336 and 2,210 children aged 6–35 months were enrolled in 2013 and 2016 surveys, respectively. The risk of stunting, underweight, and wasting among the children decreased from 2013 to 2016. Children of migrant fathers performed as well as or better than children of non-migrants on these indicators. Children of migrant parents performed slightly worse in 2013, but equal or slightly better in 2016 on these indicators compared with children of non-migrants and migrant fathers. Children aged 6–17 months of migrant parents had a significantly lower risk of anemia than those living with their mothers or with both parents.
Conclusions: Parental migration is not detrimental and even beneficial to early childhood nutrition of LBC in rural China. Programs for LBC are recommended to continue to focus on nutrition but pay more attention to other important health issues.
Risk factors and racial disparities related to low birth satisfaction with labor induction: a prospective, cohort study
Authors: Hamm Rebecca F , Srini Sindhu K , Levine Lisa D
Published: September 2019

Background: Decreased birth satisfaction has been associated with labor induction. Yet, there is a paucity of data evaluating risk factors for decreased satisfaction associated with labor induction. We aimed to determine what factors impact low birth satisfaction in labor induction and evaluate racial disparities in birth satisfaction.Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study of women with term, singleton gestations undergoing labor induction at our institution from 1/2018-6/2018. Women completed the validated Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised postpartum, which is subdivided into 3 domains. A total satisfaction score above the mean was classified as “satisfied”, and below as “unsatisfied.” Domain and item scores were compared by race. Results: 330 of 414 (79.7%) eligible women were included. There was no significant difference in birth satisfaction by age, body mass index, Bishop score, or induction agent. Black women were more 75% likely to be unsatisfied than non-Black women (54.0% vs. 37.2%, OR 1.75 [95%CI 1.11-2.76], p=0.037), nulliparas were more 71% likely to be unsatisfied than multiparas (54.2% vs. 40.9%, OR 1.71 [95%CI 1.09-2.67], p=0.019), and women whose labor resulted in cesarean birth were more almost 3 times more likely to be unsatisfied than women with a vaginal birth (67.4% vs. 42.3%, OR 2.82 [95%CI 1.69-4.70], p<0.001). Additionally, increased labor length quartile was associated with decreased satisfaction (p=0.003). By race, domain 3 scores, which reflect preparedness for labor, were lower for Black women. No differences were seen for domain 1 or 2.Conclusions: Black race, cesarean birth, and increasing labor length were identified as risk factors for low birth satisfaction among induced women. Further studies should explore interventions to target women at risk for low birth satisfaction.
Clinical outcomes of placenta previa with and without coverage of a uterine scar: A retrospective cohort study in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Rao Jiaming , Fan Dazhi , Zhou Zixing , Chen Gengdong , Ma Huiting , Lin Dongxin , Wu Shuzhen , Guo Xiaoling , Liu Zhengping
Published: September 2019

Background

To compare the maternal and neonatal outcomes of placenta previa (PP) with and without coverage of a uterine scar in China.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study comparing all singleton pregnancies with PP was conducted at a tertiary, university-affiliated medical center between January 2012 and April 2017. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of PP with and without coverage of a uterine scar were compared.

Results

There were 58,062 deliveries during the study period, of which 738 (1.27%) were complicated PP in singleton pregnancies and were further classified into two groups: the PP with coverage of a uterine scar group (PPCS, n=166) and the PP without coverage of a uterine scar group (Non-PPCS, n=572). Overall, the PPCS group had poorer maternal and neonatal outcomes for premature birth (< 37 weeks,68.1% vs 54.8%; P=0.010), cesarean section(100% vs 97.6%; P=0.042), Intraoperative blood loss > 1000 ml (78.3% vs 16.0%; P<0.001) or > 3000ml (29.5% vs 3.0%; P<0.001), postpartum hemorrhage(48.8% vs 15.7%; P<0.001), transfusion (35.2% vs 16.1%; P<0.001), hemorrhage shock(8.4% vs 1.9%; P<0.001), hysterectomy (3.0% vs 0.5%; P=0.006) and fetal distress (36.1% vs 12.0%; P<0.001) than the Non-PPCS group. In pregnancies complicated without abnormal invasive placenta (AIP, n=587), the PPCS group had poorer maternal and neonatal outcomes for Intraoperative blood loss > 1000 ml (69.0% vs 12.5%; P<0.001) or > 3000ml (9.2% vs 1.0%; P<0.001), bleeding within 2-24 hours after delivery (114.7±283.9 vs 47.7±45.1 ml, P<0.001), postpartum hemorrhage (70.1% vs 15.2%, P<0.001), transfusion (28.7% vs 13.6%, P<0.001) and fetal stress (35.6% vs 11.4%, P<0.001) than the Non-PPCS group.

Conclusion

The PPCS group had poorer maternal and neonatal outcomes than the Non-PPCS group. Women with PPCS were more likely to have intraoperative and postpartum hemorrhage, transfusion and fetal distress, even without AIP.
Nutrition transition in Malaysia; policy implications for a sustainable diet
Authors: Von Goh Ee , Azam-Ali Susan , McCullough Fiona , Mitra Soma
Published: September 2019

The main purpose of this paper is to understand the multidimensional phenomenon of the nutrition transition in Malaysia, from 1980 to 2014. Primary and secondary data sets were obtained through Food Balance Sheets, Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS) and National Health and Morbidity Surveys (NHMS) for year‐to‐year review. It was found that the energy supply for Malaysian population remained consistently in excess of average calorie needs by a minimum of 30%. There were significant signs of shifting food trends, particularly in the supply of wheat (+56.5%), rice (‐23.7%), sugar and sweeteners (+23.9%), meat (+49.3%), fish and seafood (+38.7%), and eggs (+55.7%). The plant/animal protein ratio has decreased over time. Demographics and NHMS data series suggested the coexistence of undernutrition, overnutrition and “hidden hunger”. Prevalence of NCDs and associated risk factors has increased rapidly, some as high as 170%, in the recent 20 years. This situation clearly indicates a failure to provide the right foods to those who need it when they need it. Overabundance of food is one of the contributing factors to the obesity epidemic. Apart from increasing the healthcare burden, the continued over‐consumption of animal products and refined and processed food will have a major impact on national food and nutritional security. The intensive nature of production systems to produce these commodities poses threats to sustainability, with consequences for food and nutritional security and climate inequity. The multiple concurrent transitions as described highlight the importance of establishing a dietary model that matches nutritional requirements with environment preservation. The role of a sustainable food system in eradicating malnutrition and its cost deserves more attention and recognition from policymakers.
Oncology Education for Family Medicine Residents: A National Needs Assessment Survey
Authors: Yip Steven M , Meyers Daniel E. , Sisler Jeff , Wycliffe-Jones Keith , Kucharski Edward , Elser Christine , Temple-Oberle Claire , Spadafora Silvana , Ingledew Paris-Ann , Giuliani Meredith , Kuruvilla Sara , Sumar Nureen , Tam Vincent C.
Published: September 2019

Background

This study aimed to determine the current state of oncology education in Canadian family medicine training programs (FMTPs) and examine opinions regarding optimal oncology education in these programs.

Methods

A survey was designed to evaluate ideal and current oncology teaching, educational topics, objectives, and competencies in FMTPs. The survey was sent to Canadian family medicine (FM) residents and program directors (PDs).

Results

A total of 150 residents and 17 PDs affiliated with 16 of 17 Canadian medical schools completed the survey. The majority indicated their programs do not have a mandatory clinical rotation or block in oncology (79% residents, 88% PDs). The amount of oncology education received by residents during their training was thought to be less than ideal by 80% of residents and 71% of PDs, with only 7% of residents feeling adequately prepared to care for cancer patients as family physicians. Residents believed the best way to learn oncology is through clinical experiences alone, while PDs indicated case-based and didactic teaching were also important. Residents and PDs agreed the most important topics to learn are performing pap smears, cancer screening, breaking bad news, cancer prevention and palliative care. According to residents, other important topics such as appropriate cancer patient referrals, managing cancer complications and post-treatment surveillance were only taught at frequencies of 52%, 40% and 36%, respectively.

Conclusions

Current FMTP oncology education is suboptimal, although the degree differs in the opinion of residents and PDs. This study provides a curricular framework to improve FM oncology education.