bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Chemical Binding Primer to Improve Dentin Bonding Durability
Authors: Yu S.Y. , Zhang J.H. , Li K.X. , Chen H. , Wang H.M. , He X. , Shi Z.S. , Zhu S. , Cui Z.C.
Published: February 2022

The dentin collagen matrix that is not completely enveloped by resin adhesive is vulnerable to degradation by intrinsic collagenases during the etch-and-rinse process, which contributes to the deterioration of the bonding interface. Current commercial adhesives have no functional components that can form covalent bonds to the dentin collagen matrix. In this study, a photocurable aldehyde, 4-formylphenyl acrylate (FA), was synthesized and for the first time applied as a primer in adhesive dentistry to covalently bind to collagen. Experimental groups with different concentrations of FA (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%) were prepared as primers. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by live/dead-cell staining and thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay. The interaction of FA with collagen was examined by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydroxyproline release under the degradation of type I collagenase, and thermogravimetric analysis. An optimal group was selected based on the degree of conversion of 2 universal adhesives and further divided depending on the treatment time (20 s, 30 s, 1 min, 2 min). The bonding performances were evaluated by microtensile strength before and after aging. Finally, the bonding interface was observed under confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that FA demonstrated good biocompatibility, dentin modification capability, and infiltration. It not only effectively cross-linked dentin collagen to improve its stability against enzymatic hydrolysis and modify the adhesive interface but also potentially acted as a diluting monomer to induce deep penetration of adhesive resin monomers into the dentin. The bonding strength after aging was improved without jeopardizing the degree of conversion of 2 commercial adhesives. Such prominent advantages of using FA to improve the bonding performance promotes its further application in adhesive dentistry.
Gift or Donation? Increase the Effectiveness of Charitable Solicitation Through Framing Charitable Giving as a Gift
Authors: Wang Phyllis Xue , Wang Yijie , Jiang Yuwei
Published: February 2022

The question of how to improve the effectiveness of charitable solicitation has long been a subject of investigation for charity organizations. Through six studies, including four incentive-compatible studies and a field study, the present research demonstrates an easy, actionable, and widely applicable semantic-framing strategy that can be utilized to promote charitable giving. Semantically framing charitable giving as a gift (rather than a donation) increases not only donors’ intention to contribute but also their actual contribution amount (Studies 1–3). Both mediation (Study 4) and moderation (Study 5) approaches provide convergent evidence that the effect of framing charitable giving as a gift rather than a donation on contribution is driven by donors’ perceived social distance from beneficiaries. The authors further find that this framing effect is weakened when soliciting contributions from donors who see social distance as desirable (e.g., those with a high need for status; Study 6). The current work contributes to the literature streams on charitable giving, social exchange, and semantic framing and provides strong managerial implications for charity organizations.
Firearm Dealers and Local Gun Violence: A Street Network Analysis of Shootings and Concentrated Disadvantage in Atlanta
Authors: Semenza Daniel C. , Griffiths Elizabeth , Xu Jie , Stansfield Richard
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Examine the spatial relationship between firearm dealers and shootings in Atlanta.

Methods

We combine data from the Atlanta Police Department (APD), the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF), and the American Community Survey (ACS) to conduct a street network analysis from 2016 through 2018. We employ the Network Cross K Function to assess whether firearm dealers attract shootings in the city. We examine whether this spatial relationship differs by level of concentrated disadvantage in neighborhoods.

Results

Without consideration of concentrated neighborhood disadvantage, firearm dealers and shootings are spatially unrelated to one another. Tract-level disadvantage influences the relationship between firearm dealers and shootings wherein dealers significantly attract shootings in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Conversely, shootings are located further from gun stores in non-disadvantaged communities. Shootings related to manslaughter and assault, but not robbery, are spatially associated with firearm dealers in disadvantaged neighborhoods.

Conclusions

Building on prior research regarding firearm dealers and gun violence, we find support for an attraction effect in disadvantaged neighborhoods for certain types of shootings. We contextualize these findings within a broader discussion of how firearm dealers contribute to the complex ecology of local gun violence. This is important in light of federal policies and investments related to the prevention of and response to gun crime.
The Editor’s Note: Let’s be careful out there
Authors: Heller Rafael
Published: February 2022

Few professions involve the intense interpersonal dynamics that teachers engage in every day, observes Rafael Heller. Teachers must not only navigate relationships with dozens of students, each with their own needs, but also manage students’ relationships with each other, while interacting regularly with colleagues, parents, and community members. The authors in the February 2022 Kappan consider how to approach these relationships with care.
Expanding digital citizenship education to address tough issues
Authors: Mirra Nicole , McGrew Sarah , Kahne Joseph , Garcia Antero , Tynes Brendesha
Published: February 2022

Teachers need new instructional strategies and systemwide support to educate students about the threats that racism, hyper-partisanship, and disinformation pose to democracy. Nicole Mirra, Sarah McGrew, Joseph Kahne, Antero Godina Garcia, and Brendesha Tynes explore the three major elements of digital citizenship education — safety and civility, media analysis, and student voice — and introduce evidence-based principles that can deepen teaching and learning about these topics to prepare students for future civic engagement.
How to ensure high-quality instructional coaching at scale
Authors: Wayne Andrew J. , Coggshall Jane G.
Published: February 2022

Effective instructional coaching won’t happen across a district without a well-specified coaching program and a reliable way to guide coaches. Fortunately, there are innovations from research and development efforts that can help districts put into practice the best ideas about instructional coaching. Andrew Wayne and Jane Coggshall describe how detailed manuals, online platforms, and clear monitoring routines can help district leaders ensure that the chosen coaching program is being implemented with fidelity.
First Person: How the pandemic helped one school embrace its green identity
Authors: Potts Jennifer
Published: February 2022

Eastwood Elementary School is a LEED Gold Certified facility and a National Green Ribbons Schools winner in suburban Morgantown, West Virginia. Over the course of the school’s eight-year existence, the faculty has worked to become green not only in name and in terms of its facility, but also in its instructional practice. The school made many efforts to reach this goal, yet the staff worried that fully embracing environmental education would take too much time away from core content. Teacher Jennifer Potts describes how the need for social distancing and increased ventilation during the COVID-19 pandemic led the staff to spend more time outdoors and see opportunities to more fully integrate environmental education and outdoor learning into regular lessons.
Backtalk: Vandalism is a test that we have to pass
Authors: Scribner Campbell F.
Published: February 2022

The 2021-22 school year brought with it a wave of vandalism, much of it taking place in school vandalism. Campbell Scribner explains that such vandalism is not new and briefly traces the history of bathroom vandalism and how schools have responded. He urges school leaders to respond not with undue suspicion and surveillance, but with an eye to promoting student autonomy and growth.
Bookshelf: Kappan authors on their favorite reads
Authors: Stark Kristabel
Published: February 2022

In this monthly column, Kappan authors discuss books and articles that have informed their views on education. Kristabel Stark recommends The Feeling of Teaching by Elizabeth Burris. Kristin De Vivo recommends Helping Children Success: What Works and Why by Paul Tough.
Availability of Essential Antidotes and the Role of Community Pharmacists in the Management of Acute Poisoning: A Cross-Sectional Study in Ethiopia
Authors: Kifle Zemene Demelash , Yimenu Dawit Kumilachew , Demeke Chilot Abiyu , Kasahun Asmamaw Emagn , Siraj Ebrahim Abdela , Wendalem Adane Yehualaw , Bazezew Zegaye Agmassie , Mekuria Abebe Basazn
Published: February 2022

Background

Morbidity and mortality related to acute poisoning is a major public health issue in both developing and developed countries. Community pharmacists have a crucial role in ensuring drug availability, increasing drug safety, counseling patients, overdose risk reduction and management, and provision of appropriate drug information. This study aimed to assess the availability of necessary antidotes in community pharmacies in Gondar and Bahir-Dar cities, Ethiopia, and the role of community pharmacists in the management of acute poisoning.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Gondar and Bahir-Dar cities. A self-administered, structured questionnaire was used for data collection and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 was used for data analysis. Chi-square analysis was computed to identify the associated factors with a confidence interval of 95% and a P value less than .05 was used as a cut-point for statistical significance.

Results

Out of 101 community pharmacies invited to participate in the study, 80 of them completed the survey with a response rate of 79.2%. The overall mean antidote availability score was .59 (SD = .837), which falls within the definition of Poor availability. None of the pharmacies had kept all of the antidotes, and the maximum number of an antidote kept by a single pharmacy was 7 out of nineteen essential antidotes surveyed. The most commonly reported reason for the unavailability of essential antidotes was stock was not ordered (56.3%) followed by stock ordered but not delivered from suppliers (wholesalers) (20.0%). More than 3 fourth of the respondents (83.8%) had poor knowledge about the antidotes for the common poisonings.

Conclusion

There was a significantly very low availability of essential antidotes in the community pharmacies. Strategies should be implemented to improve pharmacist’s knowledge about antidotes, and management of poisoning emergencies through on-job training and provision of reference materials.
Agent-based model: A method worthy of promotion in Library and Information Science
Authors: Su Peng , Chen Meihua , Wang Yanfei
Published: February 2022

Agent-based model (ABM) is a branch of artificial intelligence. Its specialty is to construct a complex macro-system model by describing the perception, decision, learning and action of micro-agents. This method is widely used in many fields from natural science to social science. We discuss ABM by collecting relevant academic papers which apply to the field of Library and Information Science (LIS). This article systematically reviews how ABM is applied to the LIS field and argues that ABM can provide an exploratory tool with quantifiability, repeatability, interpretability, contingency, adaptability and other types of advantages. Finally, it is pointed out that this method is a research tool worthy of careful exploration.
Direct democracy and equality: A global perspective
Authors: Krämling Anna , Geißel Brigitte , Rinne Jonathan R. , Paulus Lars
Published: February 2022

Direct democracy is seen as a potential cure to the malaise of representative democracy. It is increasingly used worldwide. However, research on the effects of direct democracy on important indicators like socio-economic, legal, and political equality is scarce, and mainly limited to Europe and the US. The global perspective is missing. This article starts to close this gap. It presents descriptive findings on direct democratic votes at the national level in the (partly) free countries of the Global South and Oceania between 1990 and 2015. It performs the first comparative analysis of direct democracy on these continents. Contradicting concerns that direct democracy may be a threat to equality, we found more bills aimed at increasing equality. Likewise, these votes produced more pro- than contra-equality outputs. This held for all continents as well as for all dimensions of equality.
The Evaluation of Mean-Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis Portfolio Strategy for Multiple risk Assets
Authors: Zhang Xi , Wu Xu , Zhang Linlin , Chen Zhonglu
Published: February 2022

The fractal characteristics of the security market were considered in portfolio strategy optimization. First, the detrended cross-correlation analysis was adopted to measure the fractal correlation of different securities. Second, the fractal correlation was embedded into the mean-variance criterion of the modern portfolio theory. Third, the mean-detrended cross-correlation analysis portfolio strategy of multiple risk assets was constructed, and the analytic solution of the strategy was given. Finally, the evaluation results revealed that the constructed the mean-detrended cross-correlation analysis portfolio strategy clearly improved investment performance, thus achieving the goal of optimizing the multiple risk asset portfolio strategy.
Automated ASPECTS in acute ischemic stroke: comparison of the overall scores and Hounsfield unit values of two software packages and radiologists with different levels of experience
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhen Yanling , Liu Huan , Zeng Wenbing , Li Yige , Liu Ling , Yang Ran
Published: February 2022

Background

ASPECTS is a simple, rapid, and semi-quantitative method for detecting early ischemic changes (EIC). However, the agreement between software applications and neuroradiologists varies greatly.

Purpose

To compare ASPECTS calculated by using automated software tools to neuroradiologists evaluation in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Material and Methods

Retrospectively, 61 patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) who underwent multimodal stroke computed tomography (CT) were evaluated using two automated ASPECTS software tools (NSK and RAPID) and three neuroradiologists with different experiences (two senior neuroradiologists and one junior neuroradiologist). Four weeks later, the same three neuroradiologists re-evaluated the ASPECTS in consensus using the baseline CT and follow-up non-contrast CT (NCCT). Interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Pearson correlation coefficients were applied for statistical analysis.

Results

The HU value exhibited the greatest correlation in the insular lobe ( r = 0.81; P < 0.001) and the lowest correlation in the internal capsule ( r = 0.65; P < 0.001) between NSK and RAPID. Software analysis and human readers showed excellent agreement with the consensus reading. Compared with the consensus reading, the correlation of the two senior radiologists (ICC = 0.975 and 0.969, respectively) were higher than that of junior radiologist (ICC = 0.869), and the consistency values of the NSK and RAPID software tools after 6 h of onset to imaging (ICC = 0.894 and 0.874, respectively) were greater than those within 6 h of onset (ICC = 0.746 and 0.828, respectively).

Conclusion

For patients experiencing AIS due to LVO, the ASPECTS calculated with automated software agrees well with the predefined consensus score but is inferior to that of senior radiologists.
Differences in clinical features and prognosis between orbit adenoid cystic carcinoma and adenocarcinoma: a study from the SEER 18 database
Authors: Liu Rui , Li Jing , Zhang Xuan , Ge Xin , Ma Jianmin
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

To analyze the differences in clinical features, treatment methods, prognosis, and etiological factors between lacrimal gland, adenoid cystic carcinoma (LGACC), and orbit adenocarcinoma.

Material and Methods:

All cases of LGACC and orbit adenocarcinoma between 1975 and 2016 were obtained from the US National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Results:

The 3-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates for 118 LGACC cases were 82.2%, 70.2%, and 51.7%, respectively. The 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS rates for 29 orbit adenocarcinoma cases were 76.3%, 51.2%, and 51.2%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall survival rate between LGACC and adenocarcinoma (P=0.566). Univariate analysis showed that the proportion of deaths was higher with increased age and year of diagnosis in LGACC (P=0.010 and P=0.000), while the death rate was higher for poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (P=0.020). The survival rate for LGACC was lower in patients ⩾60 years of age than in those <60 years of age (P=0.035). There was no significant difference in survival rate between adenocarcinoma patients ⩾60 years and <60 years old (P=0.102). There was no significant correlation between the degree of tumor differentiation and the survival rate for LGACC or adenocarcinoma (P=0.401 or P=0.098, respectively).

Conclusion:

There is no significant difference in prognosis between LGACC and adenocarcinoma. The degree of tumor differentiation is not associated with prognosis for either LGACC or adenocarcinoma.
Maladaptive music listening strategies are modulated by individual traits
Authors: Alluri Vinoo , Mittal Anant , SC Azhagammal , Vuoskoski Jonna K. , Saarikallio Suvi
Published: February 2022

Music listening is a great resource for mental well-being, pleasure, and self-regulation, but it may also be maladaptive. Depression, for instance, has been shown to relate to music use that is characterized by rumination, avoidance, and mood worsening. However, we know little of the role of individual differences in such maladaptive music use. Hence, this study focused on examining the role of personality, empathic traits, emotional contagion, and the types of musical reward as predictors of maladaptive music listening. Participants ( N = 318) answered an online survey comprising measures for the abovementioned traits in addition to the Healthy-Unhealthy Music Scale (HUMS) as a measure of maladaptive music use. Results demonstrated that Unhealthy musical engagement was predicted by a variety of traits representing general negative emotionality (e.g., Neuroticism, Personal Distress, contagion for negative emotions). Structural equation modeling highlighted the importance of the empathic trait Personal Distress in mediating Unhealthy musical engagement. Finally, we deliberate if maladaptive strategies are indeed “maladaptive” for such individuals or merely a coping mechanism, which is indeed adaptive for them, aiding to combat depressive and anxious states thereby preventing them from “tipping over” into depression.
Beyond University Planning Studio Courses: Involving Civil Society Organizations in Educating Planners
Authors: Roitman Sonia , Setiawan Bakti , Hadny Zakiyaturrahmah Annisa , Murwani Ainun
Published: February 2022

This article analyses a fieldtrip studio course in Indonesia, reflecting on its value and benefits for urban planning. The original contribution of the article is twofold. First, we show how the course contributes to the development of the skills and knowledge required by planning graduates. Second, in relation to the course’s learning activities, we reflect on the significance and challenges involved in building partnerships between academia and industry from the perspective of the key partners involved in the course.
Ritual Revision During a Crisis: The Case of Indian Religious Rituals During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kapoor Vikram , Belk Russell , Goulding Christina
Published: February 2022

Rituals, particularly religious rituals, may play a significant role in times of crises. Often, these rituals undergo revision to adapt to the changing needs of the time. This article investigates recent unofficially revised Hindu religious rituals as performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The multifarious creative interplay between Hindu tradition and change is illustrated through four cases: the religious festival of Durga Puja, the devotional songs or bhajans, the ritual of lighting lamps or diyas, and the fire rituals or havans. The authors offer a systematic discourse analysis of online news articles and YouTube posts that illuminate several aspects of ritual revision during unsettled times. They focus on the changes that were made to ritual elements: who controlled these alterations, how these modifications were made, and what potential benefits these revisions offered to the community of ritual participants. The authors highlight public policy implications regarding the involvement of diverse social actors, the creation of faith in science, the creation of feelings of unity and agency, and the amplification of local ritual modifications on a national scale.
An environmental scan of Indigenous Patient Navigator programs in Ontario
Authors: Hiscock Elizabeth Claire , Stutz Sterling , Mashford-Pringle Angela , Tan Sharon , Scott Bryanna , Oblin-Moses Lyric , Skura Christine
Published: February 2022

Indigenous people in Canada continue to experience barriers accessing healthcare services including systemic racism and disproportionate healthcare disparities. Indigenous Patient Navigators (IPNs) and programs may mitigate these barriers by providing culturally safe care and support for Indigenous patients and their families navigating healthcare systems. Unfortunately, few IPNs and IPN programs exist in Ontario. We conducted an environmental scan of IPN resources and programs in Canada. Our aim was to determine evaluation frameworks, training, responsibilities of IPNs, and current IPN programs in Canada. We found 97 web sites or documents that were gathered between January and March 2021. We offer gaps in knowledge uncovered during the environmental scan. We conclude with recommendations for the implementation of IPN programs. Indigenous patient navigators have the potential to improve Indigenous healthcare experiences. Specific and sustained action is required to improve and create an equitable health system for Indigenous people across Canada.
Childbearing Biographies and Midlife Women’s Health
Authors: Thomeer Mieke Beth , Reczek Rin , Ross Clifford
Published: February 2022

Objectives

We introduce a “childbearing biography” approach to show how multiple childbearing characteristics cluster in ways significant for midlife health.

Methods

We analyze the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79; N = 3992) using mixed-mode Latent Class Analysis with eight childbearing variables (e.g., age at first birth, parity, birth spacing, and mistimed births) to identify how childbearing biographies are associated with midlife health, adjusting for key covariates—including socioeconomic status (SES) and relationship history.

Results

We identify six childbearing biographies: (1) early compressed, (2) staggered, (3) extended high parity, (4) later, (5) married planned, and (6) childfree. Childbearing biographies are strongly associated with physical health but not mental health, with differences primarily explained by SES.

Discussion

Different childbearing biographies are related to physical health inequalities above what is demonstrated by the typical use of one or two childbearing measures, providing a new perspective into the growing health gap among aging midlife women.
Thermal creep effects on fluid flow and heat transfer in a microchannel gas cooling
Authors: Ramadan Khalid M , Qisieh Omar , Tlili Iskander
Published: February 2022

This work presents a numerical analysis of the effect of thermal creep on gas flow and heat transfer in a microchannel under gas cooling conditions. The hydrodynamic equations in vorticity-stream function form are solved together with the energy equation using a finite difference scheme. Axial conduction, pressure work, and viscous dissipation effects are included in the analysis. Solutions are obtained with and without thermal creep effects to illustrate the thermal creep effect on gas cooling. The results show that thermal creep becomes more pronounced as the wall temperature decreases relative to the inlet gas temperature. The results also show that the thermal creep effect on gas cooling becomes more significant as Reynolds number decreases. Furthermore, increasing Knudsen number has caused thermal creep effects to extend further into the channel. Additionally, the work has concluded that thermal creep causes an increase in the hydrodynamic entrance length. Moreover, the work also showed that for low enough wall temperature, Knudsen number, and Reynolds number, the slip velocity can reach negative values resulting in a significant change in the wall velocity allowing vortices to form. The work has also concluded that, at least for most practical purposes, thermal creep has no tangible effects on the thermal part of the problem, where the solution with and without thermal creep effect, is producing almost the same results for temperature field, total heat transfer, and thermal entrance length.
Virologic failure in people living with HIV in 1st line ART: A 10-year Mexican population-based study
Authors: Azamar-Alonso Amilcar , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Smaill Fiona , Bautista-Arredondo Sergio A , Costa Andrew P , Tarride Jean-Eric
Published: February 2022

Background

In Mexico, the number of people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased in the last 20 years. The elimination of a CD4 threshold to initiate publicly funded ART was a major policy implemented in 2014. The study objective was to assess the determinants of Virologic Failure (VF) in Mexican PLWH on first-line ART between 2008 and 2017 and to evaluate the effects of changes following the 2014 policy.

Methods

A 10-year patient-level data analysis was conducted using the Mexican SALVAR database. The main outcome was the proportion of PLWH with VF. A multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify the association between covariates and VF before and after the 2014 policy implementation.

Results

We found a lower proportion of people with VF in 2014–2017 compared with 2008–2013 (50% vs 33%, p<0.001). The multivariable analysis showed a reduction in the odds of virologic failure after 2014 (Odds ratio: 0.50 [95% CI: 0.48–0.51]). Place of treatment and level of deprivation were significant predictors of VF in during 2014–2017, but not before.

Conclusion

This study indicates that, by lowering threshold levels of CD4 required for treatment initiation in Mexico, a higher number of PLWH initiated treatment during 2014–2017, compared to 2008–2013 and the odds of VF were reduced.
Holocene relative sea-level changes in the eastern part of Pomeranian Bay and the Szczecin Lagoon, Southern Baltic Sea
Authors: Sydor Paweł , Uścinowicz Szymon
Published: February 2022

Sea-level changes of the Baltic Sea have been in the focus since the beginning of Baltic history studies. The main goal of the study is to reconstruct Holocene sea-level changes in the eastern part of Pomeranian Bay and the Szczecin Lagoon. For this purpose, 171 radiocarbon dates were used for the eastern part of Pomeranian Bay and 131 radiocarbon dates for the Szczecin Lagoon. The data allow reconstructing sea-level changes in the last 8500 years in the eastern part of Pomeranian Bay and 7500 years in the Szczecin Lagoon. The sea level 8500 yr b2k was ca. 16 m in Pomeranian Bay, while 7500 yr b2k in the Szczecin Lagoon, it was ca. 8 m below the present sea level. Initially, the fast sea-level rise (up to 9.0 mm/yr) slowed down about 6000 yr b2k to ca. 1.0 mm/yr. In the last 5000 years, the sea level rose at a rate of 0.5 mm/yr in both sites. Analysed data allow distinguishing an extreme event (or events) that disturbed a rather regular course of sea-level rise, which occurred between 7314 and 7022 yr b2k. The history of sea-level changes was similar in the eastern part of Pomeranian Bay and the Szczecin Lagoon despite differences in the geological structure of the pre-Quaternary bedrock and potential various trends in vertical crustal movements. Similarities to some other regions of the southern Baltic and the world ocean allow assuming that sea-level changes in the study area in the last 9000 years in general were eustatic in nature.
Informed consent, genomic research and mental health: A integrative review
Authors: Kilkku Nina , Halkoaho Arja
Published: February 2022

Background

Research on genomics has increased while the biobank activities are becoming more common in different countries. In the mental health field, the questions concerning the potential participants’ vulnerability as well as capacity to give the informed consent can cause reluctancy in recruiting persons with mental health problems, although the knowledge and understanding of mental health problems has remarkable changed, and practice is guided with inclusive approaches, such as recovery approach.

Aim

The aim of this study was to describe the current knowledge of informed consent practices in the context of genomic research on mental health from the nurses’ viewpoint.

Methods

An integrative review was conducted with search from seven international databases. Data consist 14 publications which were analyzed with thematic analysis.

Ethical considerations

Ethical requirements were respected in every phase of the research process.

Findings

Most of the papers were published in USA and between 2000–2010. Eight reports were categorized as discussion papers, four qualitative studies and one quantitative study. The thematic analysis provided information on five themes: complexity with the capacity to consent, mixed emotions towards participation, factors influencing the decision to participate, nurses’ informed consent process competence and variations between consent procedures.

Discussion

In the informed consent practices, there are various aspects which may affect both the willingness to participate in the study and the informed consent process itself. Implications for practice, education, research, and policies are discussed.

Conclusion

There is a need for more updated international research on the topic in the context of different international and national guidelines, legislation, and directives. This study provided a viewpoint to the more collaborative research activities with people with lived experiences also in this field of research following the ideas of recovery approach.
Complete metabolic response after carboplatin desensitization in Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Authors: Villarreal-González Rosalaura V , González-Díaz Sandra N , Vidal-Gutiérrez Oscar , Zayas-Villanueva Omar A , Solís-Lara Hugo , Santos-Fernández Wendy J , Casas-Murillo Claudio A , López-Méndez Alfonso
Published: February 2022

Introduction

High-grade serous primary peritoneal cancer is highly sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy with response rates above 80%. Incidence of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to carboplatin is estimated to be between 15% and 20%, usually seen after a mean of 6–8 infusions, with patients developing moderate to severe reactions.

Case report

A 62-year-old female patient with stage IIIC primary high-grade serous carcinoma of the peritoneum was diagnosed and chemotherapy with carboplatin and Paclitaxel was indicated by the oncology service and patient shows response. At 6 months the patient returns, a new PET/CT reports progression of the disease. Carboplatin/paclitaxel cycles are restarted and in the eight cycle of carboplatin within 40 min of administration, she presented severe anaphylaxis with skin, pulmonary, cardiac and atypical symptoms. Infusion is suspended and intramuscular epinephrine with hydrocortisone and chlorphenamine are administered resolving symptoms.

Management and outcome

Intradermal skin test with carboplatin at the concentration of 10 mg / ml (dilution 1: 100) was positive. Due to the symptoms presented and to continue the safe reintroduction to carboplatin, a 4 bag 16-step drug desensitization protocol was carried out at a total dose of 620 mg with no hypersensitivity reactions.

Discussion

Prolonged carboplatin use is associated with an increased incidence of carboplatin-related hypersensitivity reactions. And in patients that present hypersensitivity reactions, a safe and effective carboplatin desensitization protocol can be carried out to reach the administration of a full dose. Desensitization protocol induces tolerance to a drug temporarily and is dependent on continuous exposure.
The Mediating Roles of Mental Health and Substance Use on Suicidal Behavior Among Undergraduate Students With ADHD
Authors: Brown Natasha , McLafferty Margaret , O’Neill Siobhan M. , McHugh Rachel , Ward Caoimhe , McBride Louise , Brady John , Bjourson Anthony J. , Walsh Colum P. , Murray Elaine K.
Published: February 2022

Objective:

To evaluate the prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI), plans and attempts, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Furthermore, we explored the mediating effects of depression, anxiety, alcohol and substance use on the association between ADHD and suicidal behaviors and NSSI.

Method:

Participants were first-year undergraduate students ( n = 1,829) recruited as part of the World Mental Health International College Student Initiative. Participants completed validated clinical measures online.

Results:

The prevalence of suicide behaviors and NSSI were significantly higher among students with ADHD than those without. Mediation analyses indicated that ADHD directly and indirectly increased suicidal behaviors and NSSI. While ADHD increased suicidal behaviors and NSSI through depression, ADHD and the co-variates age and gender also had indirect effects on suicidal behaviors via substance use.

Conclusions:

Specific predictors of risk were identified for students with ADHD which may inform the development of more targeted mental health and suicide prevention strategies across campuses.
Conversations With Individuals With ASD: Effect of Relationship, Contact Regularity, and Age on Partner Perceptions
Authors: Sng Cheong Ying , Carter Mark , Stephenson Jennifer , Sweller Naomi
Published: February 2022

People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may have difficulties with pragmatic behaviors in conversation such as staying on topic, taking the perspective of others, and repairing misunderstandings. Many social skill interventions teach conversation skills to assist the development of friendships and avoid social isolation, but few studies have examined whether conversation partners find the reported pragmatic behaviors problematic. We examined the effect of relationship type, regularity of contact, and age of the person with ASD on conversation partner perceptions. For problem scores, multiple regressions indicated an effect for relationship type such that friends tended to report lower problem scores than siblings/other relatives, parents, or life partners. Difficulties understanding humor was reported to be more problematic by friends, whereas for life partners it was the failure to keep conversations going and inappropriate terminations. Further research is needed to confirm and extend these results to better inform interventions into social communication.
The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program surgical risk calculator is not reliable in predicting complications and length of stay after primary total hip arthroplasty at an institution implementing clinical pathways
Authors: Manhabusqui Pacífico Jr Giovani , Viamont-Guerra Maria-Roxana , Antonioli Eliane , Paião Isabela Dias , Saffarini Mo , Pereira Guimarães Rodrigo
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

The authors aimed to: (1) determine how length of stay (LOS) and complication rates changed over the past 10 years, in comparison to values estimated by the ACS-NSQIP surgical risk calculator, at a single private institution open to external surgeons; and (2) determine preoperative patient factors associated with complications.

Methods:

We retrospectively assessed 1018 consecutive patients who underwent primary elective THA over 10 years. We excluded 87 with tumours and 52 with incomplete records. Clinical data of the remaining 879 were used to determine real LOS and rate of 9 adverse events over time, as well as to estimate these values using the risk calculator. Its predictive reliability was represented on receiver operating characteristic curves. Multivariable analyses were performed to determine associations of complications with age, sex, ASA score, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, smoking and BMI.

Results:

Over the 10-year period, real LOS and real complication rates decreased considerably, while LOS and complication rates estimated by the surgical risk calculator had little or no change. The difference between real and estimated LOS decreased over time. The overall estimated and real rates of any complication were respectively 3.3% and 2.8%. The risk calculator had fair reliability for predicting any complications (AUC 0.72). Overall estimated LOS was shorter than the real LOS in 764 (86.9%) patients. Multivariable analysis revealed risks of any complication to be greater in patients aged ⩾75 (OR = 4.36, p = 0.002), and with hypertension (OR = 3.13, p = 0.016).

Conclusions:

Since the implementation of clinical pathways at our institution, real LOS and complication rates decreased considerably, while LOS and complication rates estimated by the surgical risk calculator had little or no change. The difference between real and estimated LOS decreased over time, which could lead some clinicians to reconsider their discharge criteria, knowing that advanced age and hypertension increased risks of encountering complications.
“This machine will not communicate”: The Decentralization of Authority in Radiohead’s Music and Digital Media
Authors: Kelly Elizabeth Joan , Rodriguez David
Published: February 2022

This study examines how the British band Radiohead have decentralized their authority over their lyrics, music, song titles, artwork, music videos, Web sites, and business practices to allow listeners to participate in the meaning-making process. In pursuit of this goal, the band has supported and developed digital spaces for fan interpretations, playlists, and remixes. As a result, Radiohead have empowered their fans to act as cultural intermediaries, curating and sharing personal interpretations, histories, and collections of the band’s work through digital media.
Academic achievement and emotional and behavioural problems: The moderating role of gender
Authors: Dias Pedro , Veríssimo Lurdes , Carneiro Alexandra , Figueiredo Bárbara
Published: February 2022

The present study aimed to explore the association between academic achievement and emotional and behavioural problems and the moderation role of gender in this association. 1350 Portuguese school-aged children and adolescents from first to ninth grade (6–15-year-old), part of a national representative sample, were assessed by teachers and parents with questionnaires from the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA). Results show that academic achievement significantly predicts child and adolescent’s internalizing, externalizing, and total problems. Gender moderates the association between academic achievement and child and adolescent’s externalizing and total problems, both at school and in the family context. The results underscore the relevance of academic achievement in children and adolescent’s emotional and behavioural problems, and particularly in boys.
Describing the use of behavior change techniques among the most popular home workout channels on YouTube: A quantitative content analysis
Authors: Sui Wuyou , Morava Anisa , Tsang Jason , Sui Anna , Rhodes Ryan E
Published: February 2022

The purpose of our study was to describe characteristics of behavior change techniques (BCTs) employed by popular YouTube fitness channels and examine relationships between BCTs used and engagement metrics (e.g. views, likes, comments). Seventy-five videos were coded according to BCT Taxonomy v1. Multi-level modeling was conducted between BCTs and engagement metrics. Fifty-four unique BCTs were used, with “Demonstration of behavior” and “Instruction on how to perform the behavior” used the most. The number of BCTs employed was 12.5 ± 6.65 and BCTs were all unrelated to engagement metrics ( ps > 0.05). Application of BCTs within YouTube varies from traditional exercise interventions.
Dolutegravir/rilpivirine 2-drug regimen comparable to commonly prescribed 3-drug regimens up to 18-months in a real-world setting
Authors: Pierone Gerald , Fusco Jennifer S , Vannappagari Vani , Brunet Laurence , Weber Rachel P , Aboud Michael , van Wyk Jean , Ragone Leigh , Fusco Gregory P
Published: February 2022

Background

This study compared the effectiveness and durability of DTG/RPV with commonly prescribed 3-drug regimens (3-DR) in people living with HIV (PLWH) in a real-world setting.

Methods

Antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced, virologically suppressed PLWH who initiated DTG/RPV or a 3-DR in 2018 were identified in the OPERA® database and followed through 6/30/2019. Virologic failure (two consecutive viral loads (VL) ≥ 200 copies/mL or single VL ≥ 200 copies/mL with regimen modification/discontinuation) and maintained virologic suppression (last VL test < 50 or < 200 copies/mL) were described. Kaplan–Meier methods were used to estimate time to virologic failure and treatment discontinuation. Risk of virologic failure was adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, risk of infection, region, baseline CD4 cell count, history of substance abuse or syphilis, and mortality risk score at baseline in a Cox model.

Results

PLWH initiating DTG/RPV were older and more likely to be Hispanic or have comorbidities than 3-DR initiators. DTG/RPV users experienced fewer discontinuations (15%) and were more likely to be suppressed at study end (98%) than 3-DR users (28% and 96%, respectively). Virologic failure was uncommon; rates per 100 person-years did not differ between the DTG/RPV (1.45, 95% CI: 0.69, 3.03) and 3-DR (2.63, 95% CI: 2.21, 3.14) groups. The risk of virologic failure did not differ significantly between the groups in adjusted Cox models (adjusted hazard ratio 1.32, 95% CI: 0.61, 2.89).

Conclusions

The findings of this real-world OPERA® study suggest that DTG/RPV can be a viable alternative to standard 3-DRs for ART-experienced, virologically suppressed PLWH.
Protecting the community: How digital media promotes safer behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic in authoritarian communities—a case study of the ultra-Orthodox community in Israel
Authors: Shomron Baruch , David Yossi
Published: February 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has ushered in new behaviors and digital practices. This study explores how digital media has advanced safer behavior among ultra-Orthodox Israeli adults during the pandemic in authoritarian societies. We explored the level of adherence to government-issued health guidelines during the Covid-19 pandemic by conducting a public opinion survey among a representative sample of ultra-Orthodox Israeli adults ( N = 500) during the second Covid-19 wave (Autumn 2020). The results show that digital media usage significantly contributes to higher levels of adherence to health guidelines. This offers new insight into the field of new media research, revealing the significant role of digital media in promoting safer behavior in times of emergency in authoritarian communities, possibly because it bypasses Internet censorship and disinformation. It also emphasizes the need for adapting risk communication to the media habits and cultural beliefs of different social groups, in turn contributing to well-being and life itself.
Brothers and sisters sharing in the care of a parent with dementia
Authors: Kokorelias Kristina M , Rittenberg Nira , Law Amy , Wan Natasha T Chin , Machon Jennifer , Arfeen Yasmin , Cameron Jill I
Published: February 2022

Brothers’ and sisters’ experiences providing care to a parent with dementia differ, but little is known about how mixed-gender siblings share their caregiving responsibilities or how sharing affects their relationship. This study aimed to explore mixed-gender siblings processes for distributing caregiving tasks when caring for a parent with dementia and the impact of sharing care on their relationship. This descriptive qualitative study recruited fourteen English-speaking mixed-gender sibling pairs caring for a parent with dementia. Online open-ended surveys and individual semi-structured interviews were completed. Interviews and surveys explored division of caregiving responsibilities, conflict resolution, and the effects of sharing care on sibling relationships. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. Five themes were identified: goal of shared caregiving is to meet parents’ needs, sisters often take the lead, practical issues affect sharing of caregiving activities, personal resources or skills affect division of responsibilities, and shared caregiving influences relationship quality. Understanding how siblings share caregiving responsibilities can inform the practices of healthcare professionals who care for people with dementia and their family caregivers.
The problem of professionalism: How White social workers enact Whiteness in their work with people of refugee background
Authors: Vincent Kate
Published: February 2022

Within Australia, Whiteness is embedded within social work, requiring us to turn the lens in on ourselves as a profession. This article presents research data exploring how Whiteness is enacted within the practices of White Australian social workers who work with refugee arrived communities. Eight social workers with experience working with people of refugee background participated in this multimethod qualitative study. Data was analysed using a critical approach to narrative analysis. Participants told narratives of how their Whiteness was enacted through their powerful positions within relationships with clients. The reported experiences of social workers in this project also relate to the pressures, desires and often failures to be professional, as it is defined within White Western social work. The findings suggest that to disrupt Whiteness, we need to challenge the need for professionalism when working with people of refugee background. It is argued that this could be achieved through a focus on relationality, dialogue and two-way care.
Theorizing the multitude before Machiavelli. Marsilius of Padua between Aristotle and Ibn Rushd
Authors: Mulieri Alessandro
Published: February 2022

Even if political theorists rarely read him, Italian political thinker, Marsilius of Padua, presents one of the most radical theories of the multitude prior to Machiavelli and Spinoza. This article reconstructs Marsilius of Padua's political theory of the multitude in his Defender of Peace and pays special attention to two main sources from which Marsilius frames his theory: Aristotle and Ibn Rushd. Compared to Aristotle, Marsilius advances a more epistemic view of the multitude as a lawmaker. Marsilius’ ideas on the multitude also depend on Ibn Rushd's theory of collective knowledge and, to a certain extent, on his position on natural law.