bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospective analysis of the incidence and predictors of postoperative nausea and vomiting after orthopedic surgery under spinal anesthesia
Authors: Ju Jae-Woo , Kwon Jina , Yoo Seokha , Lee Ho-Jin
Published: July 2022

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) commonly occurs after spinal anesthesia; however, its incidence rate and predictors have been scarcely studied. Therefore, we aimed to investigate its incidence rate and potential predictors.Methods: The electronic medical records of 6,610 consecutive patients undergoing orthopedic surgery under spinal anesthesia were reviewed between January 2016 and December 2020. The primary outcome was PONV incidence within 24 h after spinal anesthesia. Along with its incidence rate, we investigated its predictors using multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results: Among the 5,691 patients included in the analysis, 1,298 (22.8%) experienced PONV within 24 h after spinal anesthesia. Female sex (odds ratio [OR]: 3.23, 95% CI [2.72, 3.83], P < 0.001), nonsmoker (OR: 2.12, 95% CI [1.46, 3.07], P < 0.001), history of PONV (OR: 1.52, 95% CI [1.26, 1.82], P < 0.001), prophylactic 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist use (OR: 0.35, 95% CI [0.24, 0.50], P < 0.001), prophylactic steroid use (OR: 0.53, 95% CI [0.44, 0.62], P < 0.001), baseline heart rate ≥ 60 beats/min (OR: 1.38, 95% CI [1.10, 1.72], P = 0.005), and postoperative opioid use (OR: 2.57, 95% CI [1.80, 3.67], P < 0.001), were significant predictors of the primary outcome.Conclusions: Our study showed the common incidence of PONV after spinal anesthesia and its significant predictors. A better understanding of its predictors may provide important information for its management.
Effectiveness of ozonized saline solution in the treatment of Proteus spp. bacterial cystitis
Authors: Engelmann Ana Martiele , Bueno Andressa , Barbosa Nathalia Viana , Machado Carolina , Correa Diego , Cargnelutti Juliana Felipetto , de Andrade Cinthia Melazzo
Published: July 2022

Bacterial cystitis is a common clinical problem among cats and dogs and is one of the main reasons for the administration of antimicrobials. This can cause serious damage to public and animal health, as this practice facilitates the selection of bacteria that are multidrug-resistant to antibiotics. In this context, it is urgent to understand and validate therapeutic modalities that complement antimicrobial treatment in cystitis cases. Ozone therapy has been proposed by scientists owing to the various mechanisms of action in a range of pathologies, both in human and animal medicine. This paper describes the bactericidal action of two different protocols of bladder irrigation with ozonized saline solution (59 μg/mL) in a paraplegic canine with recurrent bacterial cystitis caused by Proteus spp. In the first protocol, the bladder instillations were applied once a day for three consecutive days while in the second, successive lavages were performed throughout the day until a significant reduction in the presence of bacteria in the urine sediment. In this study, we were able to demonstrate that repeated bladder instillation within 24 hours was the most effective treatment for Proteus compared to a single instillation on successive days.
Lack of Fluid Movement between Dentin Tubule and Pulp Tissue
Authors: Chen Chia-Yi , Hasselgren Gunnar
Published: July 2022

Objective:

In vitro studies supporting the hydrodynamic theory have reported that cavity provocation results in fluid flow from dentin tubules via pulp tissue to a capillary connected apically. Our preliminary findings did not corroborate this. Therefore, the aim was to perform experiments closely following the descriptions in the mentioned articles to find out if there is a direct fluid flow communication from a prepared cavity to pulp tissue detectable with this method.

Material and Methods:

Class V cavities were prepared and provocations (air blast, scraping, temperature change) initiated within 1 hour of extraction in 17 teeth and after 1 week in 3 teeth. Fluid flow was monitored during and after stimulation using a microscope.

Results:

No fluid flow was registered during stimulations performed within an hour of extraction. One week after extraction fluid movement was registered during the air blast.

Conclusions:

The finding of no direct continuum in freshly extracted teeth from cavity surface via dentin fluid to pulp tissue to an apically placed capillary does not per se disprove the hydrodynamic theory. As the in vitro experiment by Brännström et al. has been a major foundation for the hydrodynamic theory, it may be time to investigate the true mechanism(s) of dentin sensitivity.
Morphological Evaluation of Impacted Maxillary Canine and Adjacent Teeth Using Three-Dimensional Reconstructed CBCT Images
Authors: Priya Kanak , Agrawal Poonam , Bagga Dinesh Kumar , Mishra Richa , Singh Neelam , Gupta Rajat
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The structural characteristics of unilaterally impacted maxillary canines and adjacent teeth were compared to the nonimpacted side. Three-dimensional (3D) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to analyze and evaluate the various parameters. The aim of this study was a quantitative comparison of teeth adjacent to buccally and palatally impacted maxillary canines.

Methods:

CBCT records of 40 patients with unilateral impacted maxillary canine were allocated to this study. The morphological characteristics of teeth on the impaction and non-impaction sides of the same patient were examined. 3D reconstructed CBCT images were assessed using the OnDemand 3D program.

Results:

The dependent samples t test was used for data analysis with a level of statistical significance of 0.05. There was a significant increase in the size of the maxillary canine crown and a decrease in the maxillary lateral incisor root dimensions on the impacted side. No significant difference was observed in the morphology of the maxillary first premolar on either side.

Conclusion:

The impacted canine showed greater size compared to the eruption side. The decrease in root dimensions of the lateral incisor on the impacted side may indicate the possibility of root resorption.
Clinical Profile of Primary Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disorders
Authors: Manisha Manisha , Mahanta Anirban , Goswami Munindra , Das Marami
Published: July 2022

Background:

The primary central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disorders are witnessing significant advancement in terms of treatment options and the diagnostics. However, a resource poor country like ours has to rely more on our clinical findings.

Aims and Objectives:

To study the spectrum of different clinical manifestations in patients of various primary CNS demyelinating disorders in the hospital setting; categorizing them to the most possible extent into its various types viz. multiple sclerosis(MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis(ADEM), idiopathic optic neuritis(ON).

Metarials and Methods:

An observational study was conducted for 2 years including old and newly diagnosed cases in whom detailed clinical assessment was done for every attack including the previous and subsequent ones. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21.

Results:

Of the 47 patients included, 26 (55.3%) were cases of NMOSD, 12 (25.5%) of MS, 4 (8.5%) of ADEM and 5 (10.6%) were isolated cases of ON. 30 were female and 17 were male (ratio 1:0.6). The total mean age for primary CNS demyelinating disorders at presentation was 27.09 ± 13.44 years. Maximum patients fell in the age range of 11–20 years. Among the clinical manifestations, motor abnormalities (97.6%), sensory abnormalities (69%), bladder dysfunction (59.5%), visual manifestations (54.8%) (Unilateral in all MS patients, both bilateral and unilateral in NMOSD) were the most common presentations. In MS, the most common manifestations were motor dysfunction followed by sensory symptoms, optic neuropathy (mostly unilateral), and bladder dysfunction. In NMOSD, the most common clinical manifestations were motor dysfunction, followed by bladder dysfunction, optic neuropathy and then sensory abnormalities. In ADEM, most common manifestations were motor abnormalities, acute encephalopathy, headache, optic neuropathy. Among idiopathic ON, most patients presented with painful diminution of vision (80%). Mean number of attacks was 2.53.

Conclusion:

A wide spectrum of clinical presentations in various disorders of primary CNS demyelination was found with maximum patients presenting with motor dysfunction in various forms.
A Surgical Approach in the Management of Mucormycosis in Trauma Patients
Authors: Singh Karn , Jyothirmayee K. , Rani Ruma , Vamshi N. Surya , Francis Mariea , Nath Anagha S.
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Fungal infections are rare occurrence in the oral cavity. They are most often seen in other medical conditions such as the immunocompromised states, diabetes, on immunosuppressants, and more recently, among the COVID patients. There are various ways that are employed to manage these infections. The most usual of fungal infection in these conditions is mucormycosis, also called as zygomycosis. Hence, in our study, we aim to evaluate the management of the fungal infection mucormycosis in trauma patients by the surgical approach.

Materials and Methods:

We piloted a retrospective observational study among 50 subjects who were admitted to the department with oral fungal infections with mucormycosis. We analyzed various clinical and demographic parameters among the subjects. The data thus obtained were analyzed with proper statistical tools deliberating P < 0.05 as significant.

Results:

We observed that among the 50 subjects, the mean age was 41 ± 1.7 years. There was no significant difference between the genders and the age groups. The most common reason for the oral involvement was uncontrolled diabetes. This was followed by malignancy, specifically leukemia, AIDS, and COVID. The most common site of the involvement was the palate, followed by the mandibular region. All the subjects tested positive for the fungal hyphae of Rhizopus arrhizus which was the most common of the species. The surgical debridement along with the medical management showed satisfactory results, while one death was noted in our study.

Conclusion:

Although rare, oral involvement in the fungal infection with the mucormycosis is often easily managed when diagnosed early. The proper surgical debridement is the best method of treatment along with the appropriate medications. The management of the underlying medical conditions is the primary key for the success of the treatments.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Maxillofacial Defect with Silicone Orbital Prosthesis
Authors: Ahmad Naeem , Moghe Mrinalini , Talati Naziya Ayyub , Tiwari Aanshika , Sapri Ahmed Mohammed Saaduddin , Kamal Deema , Moin Adiba Abdul , Bashir Taseer
Published: July 2022

Rehabilitation of various maxillofacial defects is a time-consuming, complex, and overwhelming task requiring a patient-specific design and technique. Human face disfigurement involving loss of an eye enhances physical and emotional challenges. A wide range of various treatment modalities are being practiced over the period of time, with the recent one being use of ocular implants. Undoubtedly, an implant-supported orbital prosthesis has a superior outcome; it may not be as practical option considering the cost and availability, especially in economically constrained patients. The present case report describes a simplified technique for fabrication of an adhesive-retained silicone orbital prosthesis.
Impression Cytology's Reliability as an Effective Method for Ophthalmic Neoplasm Detection
Authors: Pradhan Shitikantha , Mohanty Soumya K. , Dash Shovna , Bhuyan Lopamudra , Bhuyan Lipsa
Published: July 2022

Background:

The current investigation was intended to evaluate the precision of impression cytology and tissue histology in the detection of ocular surface neoplasia.

Materials and Methods:

We examined the histories of patients detected with ocular surface neoplasia at the Department of Ophthalmology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar. All the patients had their impressions cytology and tissue samples taken. The outcomes of both strategies were compared.

Results:

There were a total of 55 patients (33 males and 22 females) aged 12–99 years (average age, 51 years). Twenty patients had injuries to the right eye and 35 had injuries to the left eye. Conjunctival–corneal intraepithelial neoplasia (38.2%), squamous cell carcinoma (34.5%), squamous epithelium (10.9%), squamous papilloma (7.3%), conjunctival nevi (7.3%), Along with the most common histological research, malignant melanoma (1.8%). Compared with the histological results, impression cytology showed positive and negative assessment accuracies of 97.4% and 52.9%, respectively. In squamous neoplasms, squamous cell carcinoma exhibited a strong link with histology. The occurrence of dysplastic cells raised suspicion of malignancy.

Conclusion:

Because of its increased accuracy in detecting lesions, along with tissue histology, impression cytology exhibits enormous potential in identifying ocular surface neoplasia. However, impression cytology has an undesirable prognostic accuracy, indicating that it is a useful screening tool but cannot be considered as a “gold standard.”
A Comparative Study of Mid-Crestal Incision and Diode Laser Shaped Incision to Assess Papilla Level in Second Stage Dental Implant Surgery
Authors: Parihar Anuj Singh , Manas Abhigyan , Gopinath PV , Moin Ahmed Muzammil , Ibrahim Mathar Mohammed , Chauhan Meghna , Bhuvaneshwari S
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

To assess papilla level using different techniques in a second stage dental implant surgery.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty patients who received 45 dental implants were equally divided into 3 groups of 10 each. Group I patients were operated with a scalpel with mid-crestal incision. In group II, dental implants were exposed with a gallium–aluminum–arsenide diode laser. In group III, dental implants were exposed with I shaped incision using a scalpel. Assessment of modified gingival index (mGI), modified plaque index (mPI), and Jemt index were performed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. The measurement of FAJI, FAJAdj, ST height, and CP Bone crest was performed.

Results:

A significant difference in crestal bone level of FAJ- I, FAJ- adj, ST height, and CP Bone crest was recorded at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months among groups I, II, and III (P < 0.05). At 6 months, both groups II and III exhibited >60% of papilla fill as compared to group I.

Conclusion:

Diode laser offers maximum papillary fill and resulted in less crestal bone loss as compared to mid-crestal and I shaped incision during a second stage surgery.
Effect of Thermocycling on Shear Bond Strength of PEEK—A Comparative Study of Resin Luting Cements
Authors: Nikitha  , Thapaswini Yekula , Chary Nukalamarri O. B. P. , Pardeshi Kshitij V. , Chitumalla Rajkiran , Cherukuri Sai A.
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Thermocycling is an in-vitro process; it may affect the bonding strength between tooth and resin which is depending upon the adhesive system.

Aim and Objectives:

To evaluate and compare the thermocycling effect on shear bond strength of RelyX Unicem and G-CEM Linkace to polyether ether ketone (PEEK) surface.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 40 PEEK disk-shaped specimens were fabricated with dimensions of 10 × 3 mm and randomly allocated into two groups. Group A was cemented with Rely X Unicem material and Group B was cemented with G-CEM Linkace. About 10 specimens from each group were thermocycled 500 times at 5°C and 55°C. By applying force at the speed of 1 mm/min using a universal testing machine, shear bond strength was measured.

Results:

The mean bond strength was compared using paired t test. There was a significant difference even before and after thermocycling.

Conclusion:

In this experiment, Shear bond strength (SBS) of G-CEM Linkace showed more even before and after thermocycling when compared to RelyX. Also bond strengths of two cements decreased after thermocycling.
Effect of Acrylic Removable Partial Denture in Caries Prevalence Among Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients
Authors: Ambikathanaya UK , Swamy KN Raghavendra , Gujjari Anil Kumar , Tejaswi Sunil , Shetty Suneeth , Ravi MB
Published: July 2022

Background:

Dental caries is the most prevalent dental disease affecting human race. The etiology and pathogenesis of dental caries are known to be multifactorial. Studies have shown that removable partial dentures in the oral cavity increases the biofilm formation and consequently an increase in the occurrence of caries and periodontal diseases. There is a complex relationship between diabetes mellitus and dental caries. Patients with diabetes are more susceptible to oral sensory, periodontal, and salivary disorders which could increase the risk of developing new and recurrent dental caries. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries among diabetic and non-diabetic acrylic removable partial denture wearers.

Materials and Methods:

Individuals participating in the study were partially edentulous and aged between 18 and 64 years. Patients were screened at Out patient department (OPD) in the Department of Prosthodontics JSSDCH, among which 60 patients were diabetic based on the random blood sugar level more than 160 mg/dl—30 patients were wearing RPD and 30 were without RPD. And 60 non-diabetic patients were selected among which 30 were wearing RPD and 30 without RPD. A total 120 patients were screened. Dental caries prevalence was assessed using Decayed, Missing, Filled (DMFT) index.

Results:

Diabetic group unrehabilitated with removable partial prosthesis showed significant difference in the number of missing teeth when compared to non-diabetic patients without removable prosthesis (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Removable partial denture prosthesis had less impact on prevalence of dental caries with good oral hygiene, following post insertion RPD instructions and regular dental visits irrespective of diabetes.
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Expression in Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Aparnadevi Potsangbam , Nirmal Ramdas M. , Veeravarmal Veeran , Nandini Doddabasavaiah Basavapur , Kalyani Chandrasekaran , Singh Deepak N. , Yoithapprabhunath Thuckanaickenpalayam Ragunathan
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Growing evidence has shown that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme capable of catalyzing prostaglandin production, plays a key role in carcinogenesis. Selective COX-2 inhibitors have been shown to reduce the establishment of tumors such as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and premalignant conditions such oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) in experimental models. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 in OSCC and OSMF with the normal oral mucosa as control.

Material and Methods:

Forty-five formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples comprising 20 OSCC, 20 OSMF, and 5 normal oral mucosa specimens were withdrawn from the archives of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology for immunohistochemical examination for COX-2 expression. Negative and less than 5% COX-2 positivity was considered negative expressions, while greater than or equal to 5% COX-2 positivity was considered positive expression. The data obtained were statistically analyzed.

Results:

The difference in percentages of expression in normal mucosa, OSCC, and OSMF was highly significant (P < 0.01). In comparison to normal mucosa, OSCC and OSMF had an increased level of COX-2 expression. However, there was an insignificant difference between the various histological gradings of OSCC and OSMF.

Conclusion:

The results of the present study confirm the role of COX-2 in carcinogenesis and in the progression of premalignant conditions to malignancy.
Endocrowns Versus Post-core Retained Crowns as a Restoration of Root Canal Treated Molars - A Review Article
Authors: Mezied Maha S. , Alhazmi Asmaa K. , Alhamad Ghaida M. , Alshammari Noora N. , Almukairin Reem R. , Aljabr Noura A. , Barakat Ali , Koppolu Pradeep
Published: July 2022

Normally root canal-treated teeth are covered with crowns to prevent fracture, which becomes challenging in cases where the tooth is extensively damaged. In such instances, various restorative methods such as post-core and endocrowns have been in use. The former methodology in recent times is being discouraged owing to impending tooth weakening. Due to this reason, an uncommon type of reconstruction, endocrowns are preferred. We carried out a comparative review of restorations for endodontically treated molars.
Sexual Predilection of Lingual Morphology – A Cross-sectional Comparative Study
Authors: Bhargava Ankur , Chatterjee Silpi , Rehan Ahmad Danish , Sharma Ruchi , Husain Fasahat , Joshi Asha
Published: July 2022

Background:

Proof of identity acts as a key title role in any criminal investigation. Training of tongue prints has been documented and acknowledged as the gold standard for personal identification worldwide nowadays. Tongue printing has proved as an innovative biometric tool and can be relied upon as an authoritative forensic tool. Research works have been carried out on tongue print independently. However, studies focusing on the morphology or shape of the tongue have not been commenced to a prodigious scope.

Aim:

The contemporary trial was undertaken upon the people to train and scrutiny the morphological shape of the tongue and validate their magnitude as assistance in sexual dimorphism.

Materials and Methods:

Hundred dental students in the age group of 18–25 years were included in the trial. For the trial clinical scrutiny, photographs and lingual impressions were recorded of the tongue.

Results:

In the current trial of the shape of the tongue for gender identification, we used two classifications. According to TCM criteria, five tongue shapes were used for gender identification: rectangle, acute triangle, obtuse triangle, square, and circle. Among the 100 subjects, the square-shaped tongue was chiefly observed, trailed by the circle and obtuse triangle. In the second criteria, Stefanescu et al. classified tongues into two shapes: U- and V-shaped. When the tongue shape was scrutinized, U shape was seen in 79 persons and V shape in 21 persons out of 100 subjects.

Conclusion:

Hence, the trial concluded that tongue prints exhibited a qualitative result among diverse sex groupings. It can be preached that the human tongue possibilities to distribute a point of exceptionality in morphological shape; besides, it is apt for utilization in gender acknowledgment.
A Novel Minimal Access Technique for Removal of Impacted Third Molars using Lasers - SMAL Technique
Authors: Sunil Paramel Mohan , Panicker Prasanth , Nair Vishal S. , George Lidiya , Gopinath K Arjun , Vishnudas Pravish
Published: July 2022

Postoperative complications following third molar removal may interfere with the daily activities of patients, such as mastication, speech, and sleep. Various novel methods have been developed to reduce this postoperative discomfort, but these have their own advantages and disadvantages. This novel technique, Sunil's minimal access laser (SMAL) technique, aims to minimize the postoperative swelling and pain and improve healing by combining minimal access incision by using a diode laser.
Influence and Impact of Mandibular Ramal Dimensions on the Incidence of Lower Third Molar Impaction
Authors: Jeevitha Jessica Yolanda , Thiagarajan Aarthi , Sivalingam Balaji
Published: July 2022

Context:

The incidence of third molar impaction is very frequent in the dental arch; however, the etiology remains unclear. Assessment of ramal parameters might aid in deducing the chance of the lower third molar being impacted.

Aims:

To investigate the mandibular ramus features that could contribute to the etiology of mandibular third molar impaction.

Settings and Design:

A prospective study.

Methods and Materials:

In total 1,125 patients (568 males and 557 females) who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Six linear and four angular measurements such as ramal height, ramal width, mandibular body length, third molar width, the body of mandible width, retromolar space, angle of the impacted tooth, the angle between condyle and coronoid process, gonial angle, and inclination of the lower posterior teeth were made using digital panoramic radiographs and recorded. Also, the occurrence of impacted lower third molar was noted.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Comparisons between groups were done using Student's t-test. Pearson correlation was used to assess the degree of relationship between retromolar space and mandibular measurements.

Results:

Control group showed significantly greater measurements in most of the variables, whereas the impacted group showed no significant difference. A significant correlation of retromolar space is found with body height, third molar width, and angle of impaction.

Conclusions:

The present study found that the configuration of the mandibular ramus appears to be discrete in many aspects in the erupted other than impacted lower third molars subjects, which might be a possible cause for the impaction.
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Medicinal Plant Rumex Nervosus Against Selected Oral Pathogens
Authors: Al-Farhan Ali Hussain , Asiri Khalid Ahmed , Raju Martin , Hichri Faycal , Abu-Melha Abdulaziz Saad
Published: July 2022

Background:

Rumex nervosus is a plant found and used in Saudi Arabia as traditional herbal medicine. Various types of plant extracts with inherent synergistic properties are being used against oral diseases. Thus, in the present study, the anti-microbial activity of Rumex nervosus extracts was studied against six common oral pathogenic bacterial strains and a pathogenic fungus.

Materials and Method:

Plants of R. nervosus were collected and air-dried, and extracts from various plant parts were obtained. Six clinical isolates of bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, S. salivarius, S. sanguis, E. faecalis, and Lactobacillus acidophilus), and one pathogenic Candida (C. albicans) were obtained. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of R. nervosus was determined using the Kirby–Bauer agar disc diffusion method. Zones of inhibition were recorded after 48 h of incubation. Data collected were analyzed. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Methanol extract from leaves were highly effective against S. aureus, with a mean inhibition zone of 33 mm, followed by a 28-mm zone of inhibition using an extract from roots and a minimum inhibition zone using an extract from stems. Zones of inhibition using methanol extract from roots were effective against S. mutans, S. sanguinis, E. faecalis, and L. acidophilus, with mean inhibition zones being 19, 17, 33, and 31 mm, respectively.

Conclusion:

The study has provided insight into a new potential herbal anti-microbial agent that may benefit dental care.
Quantitative Evaluation of Apically Extruded Debris during Biomechanical Preparation using Hand K-File, Protaper Next, and Waveone – An In Vitro Study
Authors: Maheswari Diksha , Mallick Rashmi Rekha , Shandilya Ashutosh , Solanki Himanshi , Panda Swagat , Sarangi Priyanka
Published: July 2022

Background:

The instrumentation technique which produces least amount of apically extruded debris is desirable to use in biomechanical preparation of root canal.

Aim:

To quantitatively evaluate apically extruded debris during instrumentation with hand K-file, ProTaper Next, and WaveOne.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-five extracted human single-rooted mandibular premolars with straight, single canal and single apical foramen were selected after radiographic evaluation and divided equally into three groups. Cleaning and shaping was done using hand K-files in step-back technique, ProTaper Next, and WaveOne single-file system. Debris extruded apically was collected into Eppendorf tubes and stored in an incubator at 37°C temperature for 5 days for drying. Weight of dry debris was measured using electronic microbalance with an accuracy of 10−5 g.

Statistical Analysis:

Student's t-test, with P value < 0.05 is statistically significant.

Results:

Statistically significant (P < 0.05) amount of debris was extruded by all three instrumentation systems: hand K-file- 1.9220 mg, ProTaper Next- 1.4940 mg, and WaveOne- 0.9940 mg. Least amount of debris produced by WaveOne was statistically significant (P < 0.05) when compared with the other two systems.

Conclusion:

The WaveOne reciprocating system extruded least amount of debris in comparison to hand K-file and ProTaper Next.
Experience with Resorbable Plates for Fixation of Mandible Fracture. A Prospective Study of 10 Cases
Authors: Singh Atul , Muthunagai R. , Agarwal Mudit , Mehta Ranjita , Karpagavalli S. , Sharma Shailja , Prasad G. Arun
Published: July 2022

Aim:

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of resorbable plates for the fixation of mandible fracture.

Materials and Methods:

10 cases of fracture mandible were treated with resorbable plates using the Inion CPS system. Patients were evaluated during their entire hospital stay and recalled on 1st, 4th, and 8th postoperative weeks. A thorough evaluation was done at the recall visits for any surgical and postoperative complications such as infection, malocclusion, neural abnormalities, wound or suture dehiscence, segmental mobility, foreign body reaction, and pain on biting. Bite force measurements were taken to evaluate the return of function.

Results:

Clinical union of the fracture was noted at the 8th week follow-up examination for all cases. There were swelling and pain at the operated site at 8th week follow-up for one patient, which was managed conservatively. The mean bite force was recorded for different regions and it increased over the entire follow-up period progressively.

Conclusion:

These plates and screws are an essential tool in the treatment of mandibular fractures owing to benefits such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and the ability to be eliminated via the body's natural processes.
Evaluation of Electrosurgery and Diode Laser in Gingival Depigmentation
Authors: Yadav Shivam , Kumar Shubham , Chandra Chetan , Bhatia Love K. , Iqbal Haider , Bhowmick Devleena
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Gingival depigmentation is a surgical procedure done to eliminate or reduce gingival hyperpigmentation. Various techniques are employed such as scalpel de-epithelization, gingivectomy, electrosurgery, use of chemical agents, cryosurgery, and lasers. The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of laser and electrosurgical procedure in reducing gingival pigmentation in terms of pain, wound healing, and recurrence of melanin pigmentation.

Methodology:

A prospective study was conducted on 40 subjects affected by melanin pigmentation. Group I patients were treated with electrosurgery and Group II patients with diode laser procedure. Evaluation for pain was done intraoperatively, 24 hours and 7 days using VAS. Wound healing and recurrence of pigmentation was assessed at one month and three months.

Results:

No significant difference was noted between the two groups for pain assessment at 7 days with P > 0.001. Both electrosurgery and laser group showed significant differences between intraoperative time period to 24 hours and 24 hours to 7 days at P < 0.001 for pain.

Conclusion:

Esthetic demands necessitate cosmetic gingival depigmentation procedure. Laser diode photoablation proves to be an effective and reliable technique in achieving the same.
The Role of Prp in Third Molar Extraction Wounds
Authors: Sargaiyan Vinod , Manas Abhigyan , Hemanth Kumar H R , Saravanan Meenakshi S. , Ghiaz Khalid , Deepalakshmi S.
Published: July 2022

It has become more common that after a mandibular third molar impaction operation, platelet concentrates have been shown to be useful in aiding the healing process. The patients were examined on day 1, day 2, day 3, day 7, the first month, and the second month following surgery. There was a slew of parameters to investigate and tally up.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 15 people with impacted mandibular third molars were included in the research. Patients' own blood platelets were used to make the transfusion more effective. One of the sockets was selected at random to serve as the test side. Instead of the other connector, the control socket was utilized.

Results:

There was no statistical difference between the test and control groups when it came to pain or soft tissue healing, according to a Mann–Whitney U test used to analyze the data. T test was performed to check for edema and density in the bones. Bone density measurements on the test side were significant, whereas measurements of edema on the test side were not. There was no alveolar osteitis on any of the subjects' limbs.

Conclusion:

Bone and soft tissue healing may be aided by platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Several growth components are included, which aid in the healing process.
Effect of Herbal and Chemical Solution in Tissue Dissolution by using Conventional Irrigation and Sonic Irrigation System
Authors: Bhavsar Bhavika A. , Selvi Thanigai , Paliwal Aparna , Ansari Farha , Beohar Deepali Shrivastava , Joseph Teena
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

An essential part of root canal cleaning is irrigating the system to remove any remaining debris and tissue remains. The purpose of root canal therapy is to shape and clean the endodontic space, reduce the bacterial burden, and remove the pulp tissue. In this research, several irrigation solutions with and without sonic irrigation were evaluated to see how quickly tissue dissolves.

Method:

A tissue sample was taken from a cow (68 ± 3 mg) with no statistically significant difference between groups. All five test tubes in each group were immersed in irrigant, and each group contained one subgroup with five test tubes. Separate weights were recorded for every irrigant that had been passed through the filter paper. Thus, the quantity of pulp dissolved by different irrigating solutions was quantified using a filtering technique.

Results:

It was revealed that there was a substantial difference between the groups. Sonic and non-sonic irrigation of sodium hypochlorite resulted in a substantial difference in tissue disintegration.

Conclusion:

This research found that sodium hypochlorite was more effective than EDTA and saline in dissolving pulp. Despite several studies claiming that neem has potent antibacterial activities, tissue dissolution has not been shown in experiments using this herb.
Incidence of Surgical Site Infections and Surgical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in JNMC, Bhagalpur, India
Authors: Ratnesh Kumar , Kumar Pawan , Arya Anamica
Published: July 2022

Background:

Surgery site infections (SSIs) are infections that arise in surgery for an operative wound infection surveillance within 30 days of surgery or 90 days after implant installation. JNMC, Bhagalpur, India, intended to look at the pre- and postoperative use of antibiotics.

Methods:

Four hundred twelve patient charts were analyzed for four months in JNMC, Bhagalpur, India as part of a hospital-based cross-section study. The study covered all patients 13 years of age and older who had been admitted to the hospital and had undergone various surgeries. In addition, a P value was preserved for the further multivariate analysis, using multiple logistic regressions, to study the association between the resulting variable and the predictor.

Results:

The general surgery operation included 152 of the 412 patients, while the remainder was for different operations. A single operative antibiotic was administered to the majority of patients, followed by two surgical prophylactic medications. Before the hospital was discharged, 40 of the patients experienced surgical site infections. In almost half of these cases, ceftriaxone and metronidazole were combined with SSIs. Emergency surgery patients were 2.6 times more likely to have a SSI than optional surgery patients. The SSIs were 2.5 times more likely in patients who were not given antibiotic prophylaxis. In our investigation, the protection against SSI was found to include clean-contaminated and contaminated wound types.

Conclusions:

According to this study, the majority of patients received antimicrobial prophylaxis. In the hospital where the study was done, the total incidence of SSIs was 11.1%. The most frequently given antibiotic was ceftriaxone. The absence of prevention, wound type, and types of surgery has all been associated with SSI development.
Evaluation of Mother's Complementary Feeding Knowledge and Occlusion
Authors: Dwivedi Swati , Sarfarj Mohd , Ansari Faizan , Singh Shivani S. , Yaqoob Azmat , Kumar Shivesh
Published: July 2022

Aim:

Mothers' understanding of feeding methods and how they affect deciduous dentition were the focus of this study.

Materials and Methods:

This study looked at people from different parts of the population. In total, 230 moms of children aged 6 months to 5 years who completed an oral health questionnaire were included in the study. Mothers' awareness of feeding patterns and their impact on deciduous dentition were examined in the study.

Results:

Illiterate moms' children showed a significant difference in the quality of their occlusion compared to similarly raised children of literate mothers. Children who began supplementary feeding before the age of 6 months were more likely to have occlusion changes.

Conclusion:

Malocclusion prevalence was shown to be unrelated to meal behaviors. However, further research is required as there are just a few studies currently available.
Evaluation of Salivary and Plasma Levels of Salivary α-Amylase in Patients of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Abhishek  , Raaj Vaibhava , Raina Sakshi , Anusha  , Raj Nikhil , Sehgal Rajat
Published: July 2022

Aim:

The aim of the study was to evaluate levels of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) in plasma and saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The diurnal patterns of sAA and its response to stress were also determined.

Materials and Methods:

A randomized clinical study was conducted to evaluate the salivary and plasma levels of sAA in three study groups, containing ten subjects each. sAA concentration in plasma and saliva samples was measured using Bioassay Technology Laboratory human alpha-amylase kits, and the levels were compared among control and test groups.

Results:

In all groups, the mean plasma α-amylase level and mean saliva α-amylase level show an increasing trend with time, i.e., from morning to night, and among the groups, it was highest in Group III followed by Group II and Group I the least (Group III, Group II, and Group I) at all times with significantly higher mean values in Group III subjects at all times of a day.

Conclusion:

Alpha-amylase is one of the principal salivary proteins and its secretion is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system. The measurement of salivary alpha-amylase activity has been proposed to reflect stress-related changes in the autonomic nervous system, and it may be a good choice for monitoring sympathetic nervous system activity in specialized subjects. Hence, it can be concluded that salivary sAA levels can be taken as a predictable as well as reproducible marker for oral SCC or premalignant lesions.
Prevalence and Pattern of Tobacco Use among Thermal Power Station Workers in South India
Authors: Pillai Dinesh Dhamodhar Mathevan , Nagappan Nagappan , D'Cruz Thomson Mariadasan , Pradeep Sivakumar , Palaneeswaran Kamalashankar , Pandian R. Palanivel
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Health of individuals and community. Occupation, being a significant determinant of health, plays a vital role in the outcome of health. Mining being an occupation has it's own characteristics and occupational hazards. One such factor, being tobacco consumption has been sparsely reported among thermal power station workers.

Aims and Objectives:

To assess the prevalence of tobacco consumption among thermal power station workers in south India.

Materials and Methods:

Simple random sampling was used to collect data from the study in the subjects working in thermal power station. Pretested questionnaire was used to collect demographic and prevalence data pertaining to tobacco consumption. Descriptive statistical analysis was done for the data to express the same in frequencies.

Results:

Among the 401 study subjects, 121 of them consumed tobacco. Among them 59%(n=72) of them used smoking form of tobacco and about 23%(n=28) of them used smokeless form of tobacco. Vast majority73%(n=52) of the smokers used cigarette and 14%(n=19) used bidi.

Conclusion:

A significant number of workers in thermal power station were found to use tobacco. Further studies are required to be conducted on a larger scale followed by analytical studies to establish the strength of association between the occupation related variables and tobacco consumption.
A Study to Analyze the Alkaline Phosphatase and Lactate Dehydrogenase Enzyme Activity in Gingival Crevicular Fluid During Orthodontic Tooth Movements
Authors: Kumar Barun Dev , Singh Neha , Verma Santosh Kumar , Singh Sneha , Thakur Sneha
Published: July 2022

Background:

In orthodontic tooth development, bone turnover is described by bone testimony at locales of strain and bone resorption at areas of stress. There are metabolic disorders that may lead to tooth movement when the periodontal tissues are under mechanical stress. We needed to discover how the chemical movement of alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in gingival crevicular liquid (GCF) vacillated when tensions were coordinated during introductory arrangement (P1) and withdrawal (P2).

Materials and Procedures:

Fifty persons, ranging in age from 11 to 21 years, were enrolled in the trial, all of whom required first premolar extractions and were enduring fixed orthodontic treatment. Every subject's test and control teeth were the maxillary canine (TT) and mandibular second molar (CT). Two μL of GCF was taken from the mesial side of both TT and CT and tried for the action of ALP and LDH utilizing a spectrophotometer on the 14th day following the finish of each stage.

Results:

The findings were analyzed using Student's t-test. Enzyme activity changed when the teeth moved during orthodontic treatment. There was a statistically significant difference in the levels of ALP and LDH activity between P1 and P2 at TT (P = 0.005 and P = 0.001). Neither ALP nor LDH activity differed significantly between P1 and P2, with a statistical significance of 0.054 and 0.061, respectively.

Conclusion:

According to this research, GCF ALP and LDH activity, as well as periodontal biologic activity during orthodontic tooth movement, can be properly detected.
Efficacy of Locking Miniplates in Managing Mandibular Fractures without Intermaxillary Fixation
Authors: Sweta Sweta , Raj Nikhil , Malik Manisha , Kumar Ashish , Kumar Mukesh , Ahamed Irfan KA , Rangari Priyadarshini
Published: July 2022

Background:

In maxillofacial trauma, the most commonly encountered are mandibular fractures requiring treatment. Managing these fractures with rigid fixation abolish the intermaxillary fixation (IMF) requirement with reduction and early return to function.

Aims:

The present trial was carried out to assess clinically the effectiveness of new locking bone plate screw system postsurgically in mandibular fracture cases without IMF.

Materials and Methods:

In 18 subjects, the fracture site was exposed, fracture segments were reduced and approximated keeping the occlusal relationship is desirable using locking 2 mm mini plates and screws without IMF. The subjects were followed every week for initial 4 weeks followed by evaluation for up to 6 months every month to assess clinical and radiographic healing and the results were formulated.

Results:

Road traffic accident was the cause in 10 subjects (55.5%), followed by assault in 22.2% (n = 4) subjects, and fall from height in 16.6% (n = 3) subjects. Parasymphysis was involved in 44.4% (n = 8), followed by symphysis in 11.1% (n = 2) subjects. A minor complication of wound dehiscence was seen in 5.5% (n = 1) subjects that were managed conservatively and a major complication of infection was also seen in 1 subject that required removal of the plate at 4 weeks of follow-up. Following plate removal, IMF was done for that subject. All other sites were healed uneventfully. Primary healing in bone was seen in 94.4% (n = 17) subjects and it was not seen in the case with infection.

Conclusion:

Within the limitations, the present study concluded that the locking miniplate system is highly effective and reliable in treating mandibular fractures with acceptable results and a very low postoperative complications rate.
Minimal Invasive Technique for the Esthetic Management of Dental Fluorosis
Authors: Barakat Ali , Alshehri Mohammed , Koppolu Pradeep , Alhelees Arafat , Swapna Lingam A.
Published: July 2022

Dental fluorosis is a severe dental extremity due to excess fluoride intake during enamel formation, resulting in color abnormalities and severe tooth defects on its surface. This dental condition leads to abnormal appearance ranging from mild white to dark brown, affecting the esthetic characteristics and personality of the patient that eventually lowers their self-confidence. Restoration procedures and tooth-whitening procedures are the well-appreciated treatment methods for treating this anomaly. The current clinical report illustrates the minimally invasive technique for esthetic management of dental fluorosis in a 27-year-old male affected by dental fluorosis. Clinical examination revealed dental fluorosis of class II spots according to Dean's classification of fluorosis severity. The treatment plan involves minimally invasive micro-abrasion, vital teeth bleaching, and resin infiltration technique for blending different microporous lesions, mild-to-moderate fluorosis, and hypoplasia stains.