bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERISTICS OF CLINICAL CURRENT AND STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL STATE OF LEFT VENTRICULAR IN DECOMPENSATION OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC CHRONIC HEART FAILURE WITH SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION AND INFLAMMATION OF THE MYOCARDIUM
Authors: Kruchinkina E. V. , Ryabova T. R. , Rogovskaya Yu. V. , Batalov R. E. , Ryabov V. V.
Published: July 2018

The aimwas to study the clinical course of CHF decompensation and the structural and functional state of the left ventricle in patients with ischemic CHF with systolic dysfunction and myocardial inflammation.

Material and Methods.This study is open, non-randomized, prospective, registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov website, identification number: NCT02649517. The analysis included 25 patients (84% men, LVEF 29.17±9.4%) with ADHF of ischemic etiology. The average age of the patients was 60.12±9.3 years. All the patients underwent an echocardiography including 2D-speckle tracking technique to assess LV deformation. All patients underwent invasive coronary angiography to exclude the progression of coronary atherosclerosis, as a cause of CHC decompensation. An endomyocardial biopsy was performed to diagnose the presence of myocardial inflammation. We performed a comparative analysis of clinical, laboratory, instrumental indicators depending on the fact of diagnosis of inflammation in the myocardium.

Results.There were no specific features of the clinical course of decompensation of ischemic CHF with systolic LV dysfunction depending on the inflammation in the myocardial tissue. However, in patients with inflammation, aortocoronary bypass surgery was more often performed (p=0.00650). In addition, in patients with inflammation, there was a decrease in apical rotation (p=0.0313), its systolic velocity (p=0.0157 with decompensation of CHF. A year later, improvement in LV biomechanics, but a continuing decrease in the absolute modulus of global longitudinal LV deformation (p=0.0431) after the anti-inflammatory treatment. Also a year later, in both groups there was an increase in the LV end-diastolic volume index (p=0.0180 and p=0.0280, respectively), a decrease in the interventricular septum of the LV (p=0.0491) in the group with inflammation, and an increase in the myocardial mass index of the LV (p=0.04995) in patients with inflammation.

Conclusion.Decreased apical LV rotation and its systolic velocity in patients with ischemic CHF and LV systolic dysfunction, in view of the lack of clinical improvement after optimal myocardial revascularization, may be an additional criterion of concomitant inflammation in the myocardium. Among patients with ischemic CHF and LV systolic dysfunction, more pronounced cardiac remodeling, manifested by LV dilatation and thinning of LV wall, was observed in the group with inflammation.
DYNAMICS OF MECHANICAL DYSSYNCHRONY IN PATIENTS WITH SUPERRESPONSE TO CARDIAC RESYNCHRONISATION THERAPY WITH A LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP
Authors: Shirokov N. E. , Kuznetsov V. A. , Soldatova A. M. , Diachkov S. M. , Krinochkin D. V.
Published: July 2018

Aim. The aim is to assess clinical features of organism and morpho-functional properties of heart and to study the dynamics of mechanical dyssynchrony in patients with congestive heart failure and superresponse to cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Material and Methods. 72 patients were examined (mean age 54.3±8.9 years) at baseline and during follow-up visits: 10.5±3.7 months, 52.0±21.4 months. Patients were divided into groups: I group (n=31) with decrease of left ventricle endsystolic volume ≥30% (superresponders) and II group (n=41) — decrease of left ventricle endsystolic volume <30% (nonsuperresponders).

Results. At baseline there were differences in the presence of myocardial infarction (22.5% in I group vs 46.3% in II group; p=0.038), the groups were comparable in severity of electrical and mechanical dyssynchrony. Left ventricle pre-ejection period in I group was statistically significantly decreased at both control visits, in group II there was no significant change. Right ventricular pre-ejection period significantly increased only in I group at the second control visit compared to baseline values. The mechanical interventricular delay significantly decreased in I group at both control visits compared to baseline values, in II group only at first control visit. The Intraventricular dyssynchrony assessed by tissue doppler imaging significantly decreased in both groups compared to baseline values. The survival rate in I group was 87.1%, in group II was 65.9% (Log-Rank test p=0.038).

Discussion. Based on the results of the subanalysis of the Echo-CRT study, it was shown that a decrease in mechanical dyssynchrony in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy is associated with a lower incidence of hospitalization due to heart failure or death. Persistent or worsening dyssynchrony according to echocardiography may be a marker of a severity of the disease in patients with congestive heart failure and has a prognostic value. It is important to note that in our study the described facts confirm the preservation of cardiac resynchronization therapy effect with long follow-up in superresponders and limited cardiac resynchronization therapy effect with short follow-up in nonsuperresponders.

Conclusion. Superresponse is associated with a decrease of mechanical dyssynchrony with a long-term follow-up also with a higher survival rate.
Evolución del profesional en Seguridad de la Información ante la revolución tecnológica
Authors: Donoso Meisel Yezid E.
Published: July 2018

Los retos de los profesionales y las organizaciones en su búsqueda para ocupar los cargos, desde los niveles estratégicos hasta los técnicos y operacionales.

La evolución de la seguridad de la información, desde sus diferentes aristas (tecnología, metodologías, procesos, experticia, conocimiento, investigación, innovación, entre otros) ha estado ligada a la misma evolución de la humanidad. Revisando la historia, podemos observar que las civilizaciones, resguardaban su información como un tesoro de vital importancia.
Las relaciones entre memoria histórica militar y educación. El caso de las fuerzas militares de Colombia en el posacuerdo
Authors: Guevara Fletcher Diego Andrés , Silva Prada Diego Fernando , Villegas Zambrano Orlando Andrés
Published: July 2018

El siguiente escrito pretende articular las relaciones entre memoria histórica; memoria histórica militar y educación, en el marco del posacuerdo colombiano. Estos conceptos permiten comprender la memoria, entendida como el esfuerzo por encontrar en el pasado elementos que permitan orientar representaciones que conduzcan a desmitificar o reconocer ciertos hechos considerados como verdaderos y, de este modo, constituirse en la base de la identidad. En esa dirección, se explora el papel de las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia —FFMM— como actor preponderante en una construcción colectiva de paz.
La Cooperación Sur-Sur como herramienta de la política exterior colombiana (2010-2015).
Authors: González Parias Carlos Hernan , Mesa Bedoya Juan Camilo , Montoya Uribe Diego Alejandro
Published: July 2018

El objetivo principal del documento es caracterizar el rol jugado por la Cooperación Sur-Sur (CSS) en la política exterior colombiana en el periodo 2010-2015. Se parte de la hipótesis de que la mayor participación de la CSS en este periodo, como herramienta de la política exterior colombiana, ha facilitado la constitución del país como un cooperante Sur-Sur emergente, así como una mayor diversificación en la agenda y un aumento en el número de socios internacionales, principalmente en África y el Sudeste Asiático. La política exterior colombiana, desde finales de la década de los 90, estuvo enfocada en convertir al país en un importante receptor de cooperación internacional, dado el narcotráfico y el conflicto armado interno. Sin embargo, a partir del año 2006, se evidencian pequeños cambios de Colombia frente a la cooperación internacional: deja de ser un receptor neto de cooperación (norte-sur) y empieza a tener un rol activo como donante al interior de la CSS. Este proceso se consolida en el periodo 2010-2015.
Responsabilidad de proteger (los intereses): el caso de la intervención de la OTAN en Libia
Authors: Ghotme Rafat , Ripoll Alejandra
Published: July 2018

El régimen libio fue intervenido en el 2011 por la OTAN, luego de haber sido acusado de estar preparando una “masacre” contra su propia población. Esa intervención, liderada por Francia y Estados Unidos, se hizo en nombre de la responsabilidad de proteger, de acuerdo con un mandato de la ONU que instaba a sus miembros a usar “todos los medios necesarios” para evitar “ataques generalizados y sistemáticos contra la población civil”. ¿Estuvo en realidad esa intervención impulsada por valores morales y la responsabilidad de proteger a la población libia? El propósito de este artículo es demostrar que la intervención de la OTAN se asemeja a una clásica operación de “cambio de régimen” mediada por consideraciones “materiales” y que poco tuvo que ver con consideraciones humanitarias. La intervención de la OTAN, asimismo, desestructuraría las propuestas para implementar un cambio pacífico, arrasando consigo a centenares de miles de personas, convirtiendo a Libia en un Estado fallido y provocando la aparición de múltiples facciones armadas islamistas
UKURAN PASAR UKURAN PASAR (Market Size) DAN INVESTASI ASING LANGSUNG DI ASEAN
Authors: Lumadya Adi
Published: July 2018

The main objective of this study was to examine the influence of some economic variables that include market size proxied with income per capita, economic growth, and exports to the Foreign Direct Investment in the member countries of ASEAN-9.

The analytical tool used is the Least Squares Regression (Ordinary Least Square) and Panel Data. In the Data Panel will look for similarities in effect is Fixed (Fixed Effect) and the effect is Random (Random Effect).

The results of the analysis are:

Based on the analysis of OLS concluded that the variable size of the market (market size) were proxied with Per Capita Income (GDPP), Economic Growth (EG), and exports (EG) significantly affects the Direct Foreign Investment.

Based on the analysis of Panel Data with Fixed Effect Method concluded that the variable size of the market (market size) were represented with per capita income (GDP), Economic Growth (EG), and exports (EG) significantly affects the Direct Foreign Investment.

Based on the analysis of Panel Data with Random Effect method concluded that the variable size of the market (market size) were proxied with per capita income (GDP), Economic Growth (EG), and exports (EG) significantly affects the Direct Foreign Investment.

Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Fixed Effect, Random Effect
Analisis Financing To Deposit Ratio, Debt To Equity Ratio, Return On Equity Dan Quick Ratio Terhadap Pembiayaan Murabahah Pada Bank Umum Syariah Di Indonesia
Authors: Nurdiwaty Diah , Faisol Faisol
Published: July 2018

Murabaha financing is a form of channeling funds of Islamic banks in transaction using the contract of sale and purchase of goods, where the selling price at cost plus agreed profit and the seller must disclose the acquisition cost of the goods to the buyer, the payment of Murabaha can be made by cash or deferred / credit , This study was conducted to analyze the effect of Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Debt To Equity Ratio (DER), Return on Equity (ROE) and the Quick Ratio (QR) on the financing Murabaha of Islamic Banks in the period of 2012-2015. Data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis with a confidence level of 5%. The data used is secondary data obtained from the publication of the quarterly financial statements are recorded in the Bank Indonesia (BI). This study uses quarterly reports the population of the entire Islamic Banks registered in Bank Indonesia (BI) in 2012-2015 a total of 11 Islamic banks. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling were then obtained 64 samples of the quarterly financial statements. The results showed that partially FDR, ROE and QR significant and positive impact on the financing murabaha, while DER has significant and negative effect on murabaha financing. Based on F test showed that the FDR, DER, ROE and QR simultaneously affect the financing murabaha, the influence of these four variables independet was 43.7% and the remaining 56.3% influenced by other variables outside the research. Based on the conclusions on the outcome of this study, the authors suggest that in the decision the distribution of murabaha financing not only consider Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Debt To Equity Ratio (DER), Return on Equity (ROE) and the Quick Ratio (QR), but should consider other factors, so that the decision could be more precise and accurate.
PEMETAAN DIGITAL LOKASI SENTRA PERTANIAN DAN PERIKANAN UNTUK MENARIK MINAT INVESTOR PADA KABUPATEN DEMAK KOTA DENGAN PLATFORM ANDROID
Authors: Rohman M Aguts , Febryantahanuji Febryantahanuji , Mustofa Zaenal
Published: July 2018

Demak regency is one of goverment institute which act to make and accompany all section of agriculture and fishery in Demak and arround. Now, facilities and infrastructures in delivery information of agriculture and fishery's product which available are still simple and konventional. The aim of this research is to give solution which be related to information system and promotion, among others yields information, location of agriculture and fishery centers which can be delivered to investor who want to join investment even purchases agricultural and fishery products with maximum and fast. This research method using model approach Research and Development (R&D) in 6 stages, that are research and information collecting, planning, develop premilinary form of product, preliminary field testing, main product revision, and main field testing. The result of this study show that the using of android based mapping information systems has met the needs of farmers and investors in conveying information. Among others informations of investment even for purchasing agricultural and fishery products easily by smartphone based android in order to information can be delivered to potential buyers / investors.
A Note on Farmer Response to Price in East Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Syed Mushtaq
Published: July 2018

During the past decade, increasing attention has been given to
the role of agriculture in the process of economic development. One
aspect of the discus¬sion has concerned the significance of relative
prices for farmer in decision¬making. Recent studies have yielded
estimates of supply elasticities for jute in East Pakistan, and for
cotton, wheat, and several other crops in West Pak¬istan, so that a
basic body of information is beginning to emerge. The main purpose of
this note is to supplement these studies by presenting estimates of the
price elasticity of supply for rice in East Pakistan. However, since
rice and jute are the main alternate crops in East Pakistan, supply
elasticities for jute will also be presented. Because of fluctuations in
agricultural yields due to variations in weather conditions, the acreage
response to price has generally been estimated rather than the output
response. Significant changes in the size and timing of the monsoon
rains in East Pakistan make it particularly important in this case to
use acreage changes as a measure of farmer response to price. Inputs
others than land, such as fertilizers, better seeds, and
plant-protection measures are not widely used in East Pakistan; and
apparently, these measures are not very responsive to price changes. At
least, no statistically significant relationship exists between the
relative price of rice (to jute) in one year and rice yields in the next
year. An increased price for rice results in an extension of rice
acreage,) but it does not result in significantly more intensive
cultivation. Under these conditions, the price elasticity of acreage
closely approximates the elasticity of planned output2
The Operational Logic of Planning for Industrialization
Authors: Rahman Md. Anisur
Published: July 2018

It is wellknown that real national income of an
export-oriented primary producing country may be significantly affected
by a change in its terms of trade with the rest of the world. The demand
for a country's exports is beyond its control; but a central authority
may be able to influence its terms of trade by controlling the other
blade of the scissor. Through direct and indirect controls over the
allocation of domestic investment, the central authority may seek to
regulate the domestic production of export goods and also of import
substitutes, thereby influencing the supply of exports and hence terms
of trade of the country. To do this rationally is one of the crucial
planning problems faced by the majority of primary-producing
underdeveloped countries many of which do have some central authority,
planning and controlling in one way or the other the direction of
investible resources between different sectors of the
economy.
Aspects of Fiscal Policy and Resource Mobilization in
Pakistan
Authors: Lewis, Jr Stephen R.
Published: July 2018

The meaning of "domestic resource mobilization" has become
centred on two major statistics: the share of saving and the share of
tax revenue in G.N.P. This rather specific and narrow view of "resource
mobilization" has led to a variety of results, most of them unhealthy
from the point of view of designing meaningful economic policy to
promote economic development. Development is identified with capital
formation; capital formation is attributed to saving; and, with the
government undertaking an increasing share of the leadership in
promoting development, saving has become identified with government
saving, which is, in turn, identified with increased taxation. In
Pakistan, the identification of the tax and saving problems has been
going on for some time, with emphasis on the fact that Pakistan has
relatively low ratios both of gross domestic saving and of central and
provincial taxes to gross national product. While the figures are open
to some question, the average gross saving ratio in recent years has
been between six and nine per cent1, and the combined share of central
and provincial taxes in G.N.P. has been six to eight per cent2. Both of
these ratios are low when compared with other developing countries, and
the "effort" to raise these two ratios has become a measure of the
country's desire to "help itself toward economic development.
The Feasibility of An Effective Population Policy for
Pakistan
Authors: Krotki Karol J.
Published: July 2018

The purpose of the following discussion is threefold: to
consider whether or not rapid population growth is an impediment to
economic development in Pakistan; to assess the impact of alternative
changes in population growth on the size and composition of national
development plans; to consider means of manipulating population size and
growth. Under the last group of problems, questions will be asked about
the effectiveness of a government-directed family planning programme. Is
a national population-policy a feasible operation at all? There is no
evidence after four years of the Pakistan programme1 and only scanty
evidence from abroad2. The major complaint in this respect will
be.......
Some Factors Affecting Tea Production in Pakistan
Authors: Thomas Philip S. , Ahmad Irshad
Published: July 2018

The nature of the tea plant, Camellia sinensis, is such that
certain natural factors heavily influence where it can be grown and how
productive it will be. Among these factors, rainfall, temperature, and
soil quality (particularly, drainage) seem to be the most important and
have limited tea production essentially to South and Southeast Asia
(although an increasing amount, 5 to 6 per cent of world production in
recent years, is being grown in certain areas of Africa and Latin
America) [4, p. 77; 3, p. 50]. The climate of East Pakistan is suitable
for tea, and the hills of the Sylhet district in the northeast and the
Chittagong dis¬trict in the southeast have provided the required soil
and drainage conditions to make Pakistan the seventh largest
tea-producing country in the world. About 3 per cent of the world's
output is grown in East Pakistan, and of this, over 90 per cent is grown
in the Sylhet distiict alone. The recent position of tea in Pakistan, at
least in its broad outlines, is quite familiar even to the casual
student of the Pakistan economy. Essentially static production, combined
with rapidly increasing internal consumption, has resulted in a
continual decline in exports during the past decade. These trends can be
clearly seen in Figure 1. Exports of 34.13, 26.03, and 21.03 million
pounds in 1951/52,1954/55, and 1956/57, respectively, yielded earnings
of Rs. 42.07 million, Rs. 55.78 million, and Rs. 51.43 million (about 3
per cent of total export earnings), in these three years [13]. During
the past year (1963/64), tea exports have been nil. Whereas over 60 per
cent of total production was exported in 1951/52, essentially all tea
produced was consumed domestically in 1963/64. In light of the
foreign-exchange shortage and the great need to expand exports, the
Pakistan tea "story" is an unhappy one, indeed.
The Rate Structure of Indirect Taxes in Pakistan
Authors: Radhu Ghulam Mohammad
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this paper is to examine the rate structure of
indirect taxes in Pakistan with particular emphasis on the incentive
aspects of the tax structure. It is a part of a series of studies to
evaluate the impact of the fiscal system in Pakistan, which is being
undertaken by the Fiscal and Monetary Section of the Pakistan Institute
of Development Economics. The rate structure of indirect taxes, however,
is only one of the many factors that influence the relative prices and
relative profitabilities of industries. Direct controls, like the
import-licensing system, exchange-rate policy, the export-bonus scheme,
etc., may in fact have greater impact on relative prices and on the
pattern of investment than indirect tax rates. However, this paper
examines the differential incentives provided by the rate structure of
indirect taxes alone, assuming that the market is allowed to operate
freely and that rate structure is the major factor influencing relative
prices of industrial goods. The traditional objectives of taxation
policy have been confined largely to diverting sufficient resources to
the government sector to match its expenditures. However, recent
developments in fiscal thought have come to assign a more positive role
to taxation policy in economic development, and the impact of the tax
structure on the rate and direction of saving and investment is widely
recognized. In Pakistan and other underdeveloped countries, in view of
the inadequate coverage and administrative complexities of direct taxes,
indirect taxes assume a particular significance.
The Determinants of the Domestic Prices of Imports
Authors: Lal Pal Mati
Published: July 2018

Imports play a key role in the economy of Pakistan, especially
since they provide a large share of the nation's industrial raw
materials and most of its capital goods. Scarce foreign exchange is
rationed and allocated among different types of commodities through an
elaborate licensing system. To cope with the needs of the economy there
has been liberalisation of imports in recent times. Proposals for
further liberalisation and alternative proposals for rationing foreign
exchange through an import surcharge system or an exchange auc¬tioning
system have also been put forward. But, in the absence of empirical
evidence regarding scarcity value of foreign exchange and the domestic
prices of imports, the impact of these changes on the import sector and
there from on the economy could not be definitely estimated. Different
assumptions have been made regarding these magnitudes resulting in very
different conclusions about the impact of various policies. A study of
the facts is necessary under these circumstances, and so we have
embarked on an empirical study regarding the determinants of the
domestic prices of imports.
Private Tubewell Development and Cropping Patterns in West
Pakistan
Authors: Mohammad Ghulam
Published: July 2018

One of the most significant phenomena in agricultural
development in Pakistan has been the installation of private tubewells
by the farmers of West Pakistan at an exceedingly fast rate during the
Second Plan period. Installation of these tubewells has enabled the
farmers to intensify irrigation and make important changes in cropping
patterns in order to maximize the income from their crop production. In
this article we present results of two surveys conducted recently on
private tubewells and the cropping pattern followed by farmers in area
where tubewells are being installed. The results of these surveys
indicate that West Pakistan is likely to attain a rate of increase in
agricultural production which will be unparalled in the history of
agriculture. To achieve and maintain such a rate of increase, however,
considerable revision will be necessary in the programme for land, water
and power development proposed for the next ten years and that included
in the Third Five Year Plan.
Growth and Structural Change in Pakistan Manufacturing Industry,
1954-1964
Authors: Lewis, Jr. Stephen R. , Soligo Ronald
Published: July 2018

It has been evident for some time that Pakistan has enjoyed a
rate of growth of its large-scale manufacturing sector that is indeed
enviable. Some efforts have been made to study and understand this
process both in terms of aggregate growth [20] and with reference to
specific industries and policies [6]. In addition, a point of view has
grown up in unofficial [21] and in official circles [16; 17; 18], that
due to tariff and licensing policies, growth in manufacturing industry
in Pakistan has proceeded via import substitution in light, consumer
goods industries, that the possibilities for further growth in these
directions are now extremely limited, that the export markets for such
goods are small (due to a variety of reasons) and that future growth
must take place via import substitution in intermediate goods and
primarily in capital goods industries. As yet, little empirical work has
been done to examine the various parts of this point of view. The
purposes of the present paper are twofold. First, we have made a few
simple improvements in the data on industrial growth and have collected
such data as are available on production, imports, and exports of
manufactured goods at a somewhat disaggregated level. Second, we have
made some simple analysis of the patterns of manufacturing growth and
discussed a few relationships that seem to have influenced the direction
of industrial expansion over the past decade. In the latter part of the
paper, we have reexamined the generally accepted point of view about
industrial growth.
Economic Determinants Of Jute Production In India And
Pakistan
Authors: Ghulam Rabbani A. K. M.
Published: July 2018

Most of the world's jute is produced within the predominantly
rice-growing areas of India and Pakistan. Rice is grown as the staple
food crop, while jute is the principal cash crop of the farmers of the
jute belt. In Pakistan, acreage under jute normally accounts for 6 per
cent of the total sown area in the jute growing districts, while rice
acreage extends to more than 80 per cent of the total. In the
jute-growing districts of the Indian Union, although the proportion of
the total sown land under rice is lower than in East Pakistan, rice
acreage is normally 15 to 20 times as extensive as the total jute
acreage. The scope for variation in jute cultivation is, therefore,
potentially large in both India and Pakistan.
Waterlogging and Salinity in the Indus Plain: Comment
Authors: Eaton Frank M.
Published: July 2018

Not only does Ghulam Mohammad's contribution on waterlogging
and salinity in the Indus Plain [5] reflect a wide understanding of the
agricultural problems of Pakistan but the clarity of his presentation is
commendable. My comments all have to do with water quality and drainage
problems in this vast irrigated area with the future rather than the
immediately present problems primarily in mind. I trust that all
statements will be regarded as constructive rather than critical. The
changes now occurring with irrigation in the compositions of the
initially high-quality canal waters of the Indus Plain as these waters
become groundwaters, appear to be little different from the past changes
which occurred more slowly but which are responsible for the diverse
compositions of the present groundwaters. Many of these present-day
groundwaters were left be hind by the flood waters which deposited the
valley alluvium. The flood waters left on the land surface underwent
concentration by evapotranspiration with precipitations of CaCO3 and
losses of Mg in the form of compounds of salica. As a result of these
precipitations there were increases in the proportions of Na.
Domestic Resources and Fiscal Policy in Pakistan's Second and
Third Plans
Authors: Lewis Jr. Stephen R.
Published: July 2018

Pakistan is now widely regarded as a successful case of
movement toward self-sustaining economic growth. If one lets it become
known that he has spent some time in Pakistan, other economists
immediately want to know: What happened? What were the "real" causes? Is
the success a mirage? How long will it last? An attitude of enthusiasm
is a sharp contrast to the air of pessimism that prevailed as recently
as two years ago. The notes here are not an attempt to establish what
has happened to Pakistan's economy, or why it happened now and not five
years ago. The aim is much more modest, but may have some bearing on the
larger question. My primary interest is in examining certain aspects of
government policy in general and fiscal policy in particular, excluding
policy on government expenditures. I shall not be concerned with Plan
allocations and government outlays. In the macroeconomic framework of
Pakistan's plans, present investment is the only determinant of future
output. The problem of "mobilizing" resources is one of finding offsets
to investment expenditure from either domestic or foreign sources. The
Third Plan states [16, p. 20] that "the main task in the Perspective
Plan will be to institutionalise the growth process and to finance it
increasingly from domestic resources." The "domestic resources" with
which the Plan is primarily concerned are domestic saving (to offset
investment) and exports (to pay for imports). A related variable not
treated in the discussion of the Perspective Plan is taxation, which is
necessary to offset government expenditure on current and capital
account. In order to reduce and eventually eliminate foreign assistance,
while maintaining or increasing the proportion of income invested,
domestic saving must increase more rapidly than investment, taxation
must increase more rapidly th?a government current and capital
expenditures, and exports must increase mote rapidly than imports, since
foreign assistance now offsets a large proportion of investment,
government expenditure, and imports.
Domestic Prices of Imports in Pakistan: Extension of Empirical
Findings
Authors: Lal Pal Mati
Published: July 2018

The main purpose of this study is to supplement the empirical
findings of an earlier paper by the author on the domestic prices of
imports in Pakistan [8]. In order to determine the factors which
influence the prices of imports in Pakistan, some selected commodities
were studied in the earlier paper and it has been found that, due to the
presence of direct controls on supply, the im¬ porters could earn an
excess profit and the licensing system was the main deter¬ minant of the
domestic prices of imports at the margin. Changes in duty levels did not
have any effect on domestic prices up to a limit defined by the extent
of the excess profit" " Since the study cited was completed, there have
been some significant changes in the import policy of Pakistan.
"Liberalisation" of imports was broadened with the expansion of the
"free list". In Section I of this paper an attempt has been made to
determine the effects of free list imports on the supply and prices of
imports, and on the mark-ups of importers.
Professor Nurkse and the Marketing Boards
Authors: Winston Gordon C.
Published: July 2018

rofessor Nurkse presented a compelling case against the price
stabilization policies of national marketing boards for primary products
based on the fact that these policies may reduce the quantity of foreign
revenue accruing to the primary producing country [1], If they do, they
may act to restrict the rate of economic development. To maximize export
earnings, he proposed elimination of the marketing boards' function of
insulating domestic producers of primary products from demand
fluctuations on the world market. These demand fluctua¬tions were
considered to be the result of cyclical fluctuations within the advanced
countries, hence they were treated in a short-run context. To see
Professor Nurkse's argument, consider a marketing board which has as its
objective the stabilization of the price of a primary product, X, to the
domestic producers of X in country A by use of a buffer fund1. This will
be accomplished by the board, as a domestic monopsonist, if it fixes a
price for its purchases of the product, then sells on the world market
for whatever it can get in light of world demand conditions. Assuming
that stabilization of price is its sole objective, it will select a
domestic price which represents the anticipated weighted average of the
world market price over some time period so that the board itself will,
hopefully, show neither a profit nor a loss at the end of the period
from these tax and subsidy operations. While the short run free market
supply function, Sf (which we assume to be linear, of positive price
elasticity, stable, and responsive without lags), still exists, the
stabilization of domestic price at p in Figure 1 will yield a supply
function to the world market, Sm, which is perfectly inelastic at the
quantity, Q.
Quasi-Stable Estimates of the Vital Rates of Pakistan
Authors: Robinson Warren C. , Seltzer William , Hashmi Sultan S.
Published: July 2018

The emergence of stable and quasi-stable population theory has
been one of the most interesting developments of demographic theory in
the recent past. Zelnik and Rahman Khan writing in the Spring 1965 issue
of this Review have applied this methodology to Pakistani data with
rather interesting resultsJ. The purpose of this present note is
two-fold. First, is to discuss the assumptions and procedures of the
Zelnik-Rahman Khan use of the quasi-stable model. In other words,
accepting the validity of the model and also its applicability to
Pakistan, have the authors made good use of it? Second, and more
basically, is the quasistable methodology in fact relevant for Pakistan,
given the data available? Let us begin with a brief review of the stable
and quasi-stable population models as they have developed in the last
ten years.
Growth and Structural Change in Pakistan's Manufacturing Industry
: A Comment
Authors: Papanek Gustav F.
Published: July 2018

The Lewis and Soligo article [1] includes an estimate of the
growth of all "large scale" industry followed by an analysis of the
growth rates of the major industry groups: consumer goods, intermediate
products, investment and related goods. These two parts of the article
are not dependent on each other and the very interesting and excellent
analysis of the differential growth rates of the subsectors would not be
affected by bias in the overall growth estimates. Some questions can be
raised about both parts of the article. Estimates of value added and
rate of growth of large scale industry are of considerable importance to
analyses of the Pakistan economy. Lewis and Soligo's estimate of the
level of value added and its rate of growth is considerably higher than
those of the Census of Manufacturing Industry (CMI), the National
Accounts, and my own [2].
Growth and Structural Change in Pakistan's Manufacturing
Industry: Reply
Authors: Lewis, Jr. Stephen R. , Soligo Ronald
Published: July 2018

Gustav Papanck's comments on changes in relative prices among
manu¬factured goods are, indeed, important. As he notes, however, the
correction to constant prices would not change the measure of the
importance of import sub¬stitution in explaining the growth of any given
industrial group1. Also, for the period 1954/55 to 1963/64, the
contribution of import substitution to total growth in value added in
consumer goods industries is only slightly greater than the
con¬tribution of import substitution to growth in value added in all
industries (21.0 per cent for consumer goods as opposed to 19.4 per cent
for all industries). In¬creasing the weight of consumption goods
industries to reflect changes in relative prices would increase the
importance of import substitution in explaining growth in value added in
all industries very slightly. For the period 1959/60 to 1963/64 when,
according to Dr. Papanek's data, the fall in the relative prices of
con¬sumer goods was the greatest, increasing the weight of consumer
goods indus¬tries would actually reduce the contribution of import
substitution to growth in value added for all industries.
Budizm’in Çin’e Girişinde İpek Yolunun Önemi ve İşlevi
Authors: ARSLAN Hammet
Published: July 2018

İpek

yolu, yaklaşık olarak MÖ 200’lerde Doğu’yu Batı’ya bağlayan antik bir ticaret

yolu olarak kurulmuştur. İpek başta olmak üzere Çin’de üretilen ürünler tarihi

yol vasıtasıyla Orta Asya’yı aşarak Hint Alt kıtasına, İran’a, Anadolu’ya, Arap

ülkelerine ve Avrupa’ya taşınmıştır. İpek yolundaki ticari faaliyetler çağlar

boyunca sadece ürün ve eşyaların değil aynı zamanda yeni teknolojilerin,

felsefi düşüncelerin, kültürlerin ve dinlerin de taşınmasını sağlamıştır.

Bundan ötürü İpek yolu tarih boyunca siyasi, dini ve kültürel etkileşimin

merkezi olmuştur. İpek yolundaki ticari etkinlikler neticesinde Budizm farklı

kültürlerle ve topluluklarla tanışma fırsatı bulmuştur. İpek yolundaki başlıca

ticaret merkezi olan Merv, Buhara ve Semerkand MS II. yüzyıldan itibaren

başlıca Budist merkezleri olmuştur. Budizm, tüccarların maddi desteğiyle İpek

yolunu kullanarak Çine ve Asya’nın diğer bölgelerine yayılmıştır. Çin

topraklarına giren keşişler, Budist kutsal metinlerini Çinceye çevirmişler,

Budizm’i yerli Çin halkına anlatmışlardır.
Cahiliye’den İslâm’a Kadına Yönelik Şiddet
Authors: KÖSE Feyza Betül
Published: July 2018

Bugün İslâm dünyası sadece dışarıdan kaynaklı pek

çok problemle değil kendi içinde üretilen sorunlarla da karşı karşıya

kalmıştır. Hiç şüphesiz kendi içinde üretilen sorunların başında şiddet

gelmektedir. Bu sorunların temelinde yatan unsurlardan biri, şiddete meşruiyet

kazandıran bir din algısıdır. Sürekli ve bir şekilde şiddeti müşâhede eden

çevrelerin bir müddet sonra şiddete onay veren bir din algısını takipçilerine

modellik olarak sunmaları, olayın sadece psişik etmenlerle izahtan çok daha öte

bir kabul zeminine sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. İslâm merviyâtının bu şiddet

söylemine meşrûiyet kaynağı olarak sunulması, yapılan okumada sorunlar

olduğunun da izahı gibidir. Kadına yönelik şiddet günümüzde olduğu gibi

geçmişte de sosyal hayatın sorunlarından biriydi. Bu şiddetin Cahiliye

dönemindeki varlığı hakkında herhangi bir şüphe duyulmazken, Hz. Peygamber

dönemi Müslüman Arap toplumundaki mevcûdiyeti ve meşrûluğu, tartışmalara konu

olmuştur. Şiddetin meşrûiyet kaynağının bizatihi İslâm’ın hükümleri olduğunu

düşünenlerin yanında; İslâm’ın ve Hz. Peygamber’in şiddetle mücadelede başat

rol oynadıkları görüşüne sahip olan bir kesim de bulunmaktadır. Bu konuda

kanaate varmayı sağlayacak olan husus ise İlk İslâm toplumunda kadına yönelik

şiddetin ve Hz. Peygamber’in bu şiddete yönelik tutumunun tarihî bir bakış

açısıyla incelenmesidir. Bu çalışma, Cahiliye döneminden başlayarak İslâm’ın

ilk yıllarında kadınlara çeşitli şekillerde uygulanan şiddete dair rivâyetleri

değerlendirmek ve şiddetin kaynağının örfî veya dinî olup olmadığını tarihî

açıdan ortaya koymak amacını taşımaktadır. Başka bir ifadeyle “Mevcut literatür

dönemin örfünü, algısını ve kabullerini mi yansıtıyor yoksa evrensel bir prensip

olarak mensuplarına şiddeti mi salık veriyor? sorusuna yanıt vermektir.

Çalışmamızda önerimiz merviyâtın yeniden okunması değil aslında merviyâtın konu

edindiği hususların ne olduğu üzerinde durulmasıdır.
Tasavvufta Kanaat Anlayışı ve Bireysel-Sosyal Etkileri
Authors: GÖKCAN Mansur
Published: July 2018

Kanaat,

verilene razı olmak ve elde olanla yetinmek demektir. Bu tanımlamadan,

kanaatin, çalışmayıp tembellik yapmak olduğu anlamı çıkartılmamalıdır. Kanaat,

çalışıp gayret göstermeyi, fakat neticede az da olsa ele geçen rızka razı

olmayı gerektirir. Kanaatkâr kimse, çoğa sevinip aza üzülmeyen, her iki durumda

da huzur ve sükûn içerisinde bulunan kimsedir. Kanaat, dünya metaına kalpte

değer vermeyen zühdî bir anlayıştır. Kanaat sahibi, azla yetinip fazlasına

ihtiyaç duymadığı için, insanlardan bir şey isteme mahcubiyetine düşmekten ve

başkasına muhtaç olma zilletinden kurtulur. Kanaatkâr kimse, sadece Allah’tan

korkar, ümit eder ve O’na güvenir. Çünkü o, Allah’tan başka hiçbir kimsenin

rızk veremeyeceğini ve rızkı engelleyemeyeceğini bilir. Kanaat; rıza, zühd,

tevekkül, havf, recâ ve Allah’a teveccüh anlayışlarını da içinde bulunduran bir

haslettir. Nefsin isteklerinin sınırı yoktur. O, bir isteği yerine

getirildiğinde hemen diğer isteğini kalbe dayatır. Kalbi, nefsin elinden

kurtarmanın çaresi kanaattir. Eğer kalp, kısmete razı olarak aza kanaat ederse,

nefsin kalp üzerinde fonksiyonu kalmayacaktır. Bu bakımdan, azla yetinmek olan

kanaat, nefsin eğitilmesini sağlayan önemli bir riyazet metodudur. Kanaatkâr

kişi, nimetin nasıl kazanıldığını bilen, israftan kaçınan ve tutumlu olan

kimsedir. Gelirine göre harcama yapmayan, lüks ve israf içerisinde olan nice

kimselerin varlıklarını kaybettikleri ve başkalarına muhtaç hale geldikleri

bilinmektedir. Kanaate engel teşkil eden; hırs, tamah, israf ve tûl-i emel,

sadece bireyin kendisine değil, ailesine ve topluma da zarar vererek içtimai

huzuru bozmaktadır.
Pengenalan Student File Untuk Siswa SMA
Authors: Situmpul Robert
Published: July 2018

Pengertian arsip adalah catatan rekaman kegiatan atau sumber informasi dengan berbagai macam bentuk yang dibuat oleh lembaga, organisasi maupun perseorangan dalam rangka pelaksanaan kegiatan. Arsip dapat berupa surat, warkat, akta, piagam, buku, dan sebagainya, yang dapat dijadikan bukti sahih untuk suatu tindakan dan keputusan. Dengan adanya perkembangan teknologi, arsip dapat berbentuk audio, video dan digital. Arsip yang di miliki oleh seseorang termasuk dalam kategori arsip vital karena Arsip Vital adalah Arsip yang keberadaannya merupakan persyaratan dasar bagi kelangsungan operasional penciptaan arsip, tidak dapat diperbaharui, dan tidak dapat tergantikan apabila rusak atau hilang. Untuk menhindari hal2 tersebut, hendaknya pemahaman terhadap arsip harus ditanamkan sejak dini, sehingga kelak mereka dapat mengarsipkan berkas2 pribadi mereka
Simultaneous Response of Dividend Policy and Value of Indonesia Manufacturing Companies An Approach of Vector Autoregression
Authors: Siahaan Andysah Putera Utama , Rusiadi  , Nasution Muhammad Dharma Tuah Putra , Aryza Solly
Published: July 2018

This paper examines the long-term simultaneous response between dividend policy and corporate value. The main problem studied is that the dividend policy is responded very slowly to the final goal of corporate value. Analysis of Data was using Vector Autoregression (VAR). The result of the discussion concludes the effect of different simultaneous response every period between dividend policy with corporate value, short-term, medium-term, and long-term. The strongest response to dividend changes comes from free cash flow whereas the highest response to corporate value comes from market book value.
Pengalaman Mahasiswa Yang Mengambil Cuti Akademik Karena Hamil
Authors: Dr.Sabina Gero SKp
Published: July 2018

Student in a college like Health Department of Kupang Polytechnic have a specific problems like as student pregnant. Health of Polytechnic Kupang rule, called Norma and Tolak Ukur has statement abaout pregnant student on chapter academic holiday. Before 2008, the rule was very strict, many female student became victims, as drop out student because they can't show a married later. Pregnant students are increased every year. This study want to know the experience of pregnant students who taking an academic holiday and student action after coming on the study again. The advantage of this study is to revision the rule of Norma and Tolok Ukur healt Polytechnic Of Kupang. The Comperation between female and male student in this college is 4 : 1. The study method was qualitative phenomenology, doing in 7 (seven) program studies , which have students to take place singular semester on 2008, after academic holiday. All of the participants are 18 (eighteen) students came back to school after pass their academic holiday. The participants answer the easy test in home and giving the researcher after finish answer the easy. The researcher analisis the answer by categoical, themes and the conclusions. The results were all of the female pregnant students were very distress emotional during the cases, their parents want them to finish their study. All of the female students want to finish their study. Also after they begun the singular semester they were very happy, more concetration, and higher motivation than before . Keywords: Pregnant students, experiences, academic holiday, Norma amd tolok ukur.
Assessing and adjusting for publication bias in the relationship between anxiety and the error-related negativity
Authors: Saunders Blair , Inzlicht Michael
Published: July 2018

Many clinical neuroscience investigations have suggested that trait anxiety is associated with increased neural reactivity to mistakes in the form of an event-related potential called the error-related negativity (ERN). Several recent meta-analyses indicated that the anxiety-ERN association was of a small-to-medium effect size, however, these prior investigations did not comprehensively adjust effect sizes for publication bias. Here, in an updated meta-analysis (k=58, N=3819), we found support for an uncorrected effect size of r =-.19, and applied a range of methods to test for and correct publication bias (trim-and-fill, PET, PEESE, Peters’ test, three-parameter selection model). The majority of bias-correction methods suggested that the correlation between anxiety and the ERN is non-zero, but smaller than the uncorrected effect size (average adjusted effect size: r =-.12, range: r =-.05 to -.18). Moderation analyses also revealed more robust effects for clinical anxiety and anxious samples characterised by worry, however, it should be noted that these larger effects were also associated with elevated indicators of publication bias relative to the overall analysis. Mixed anxiety and sub-clinical anxiety were not associated with the amplitude of the ERN. Our results suggest that the anxiety-ERN relationship survives multiple corrections for publication bias, albeit not among all sub-types and populations of anxiety. Nevertheless, only 50% of the studies included in our analysis reported significant results, indicating that future research exploring the anxiety-ERN relationship would benefit from increased statistical power.
A practical guide to effective behavior change: How to apply theory- and evidence-based behavior change methods in an intervention
Authors: Kok Gerjo
Published: July 2018

In this brief accessible introduction, an overview is provided of how to apply theory- and evidence-based methods for behavior change when developing a behavior change intervention. It is the second part of a two-piece introduction to effective behavior change, the first part of which is called "A practical guide to effective behavior change: How to identify what to change in the first place".