bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sentiment Analysis of Sirekap Application Users Using the Support Vector Machine Algorithm
Authors: Setyanto Joko , Sasongko Theopilus Bayu
Published: August 2024

In the current era of digitalization, various activities are conducted using technology to aid their execution, including the democratic process scheduled for February 2024. The Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) is utilizing a mobile-based application called Sirekap. During the previous presidential and vice-presidential elections, there were many pros and cons regarding the Sirekap application. A significant number of negative reviews were expressed by the public towards this application. This study employs the SVM algorithm to perform sentiment analysis of Sirekap application users. Before building the model, several steps were undertaken, including data labeling, data preprocessing, splitting the dataset into training and testing data, and performing transformations using Count Vectorizer. Evaluation of the SVM model results shows quite good performance with an accuracy of 81%. For the negative class, the precision and recall values are 87% and 85%, respectively, while for the positive class, the precision and recall values only reach 66% and 70%, indicating a need for improvement in the model's identification of the positive class. Five-fold cross-validation was performed with an average cross-validation score of 79.6% and a standard deviation of 2.14%, indicating the model's consistency across various training data subsets. These findings suggest that the SVM model can effectively perform text classification tasks. Based on the negative word cloud, it can be concluded that the Sirekap application still has many shortcomings affecting the democratic process in February 2024.
Applying the Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) to Accurately Determine Stunting Susceptibility Levels in Toddlers
Authors: Idris Nur Oktavin , Umasugi Nurain
Published: August 2024

Stunting is a condition of impaired growth and development in toddlers due to prolonged nutritional deprivation. In the Kota Timur Community Health Center, stunting is traditionally assessed based solely on body weight and height, neglecting other crucial factors such as socioeconomic status, maternal nutrition during pregnancy, history of illness, and dietary intake. This limited approach leads to inaccurate decision-making and misdiagnoses of stunting. This research applied the Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) to identify stunting susceptibility levels in toddlers by integrating various determinants, including body weight, height, socioeconomic conditions, maternal nutrition during pregnancy, morbidity, and dietary intake. MAUT effectively integrates multiple criteria and manages data uncertainties through its utility concept, allowing for comparison across different alternatives to facilitate accurate decision-making. The results showed that Arbi, Manaf, and Aisyah were susceptible to stunting, with evaluation scores of 0.028, 0.288, and 0.299, respectively, while Daffa and Zayyan were not susceptible, with scores of 0.900 and 0.966, respectively. Therefore, the system utilizing MAUT to determine stunting susceptibility levels in toddlers can be adopted by health workers at the Kota Timur Community Health Center to enable efficient, quick, and accurate diagnosis by integrating multiple determinants of stunting susceptibility.
Pricing and Producer-Retailer Supply Chain Coordination: A Game Theory Approach
Authors: Utama KF. Sunny Cahya , Lukitosari Valeriana
Published: August 2024

Supply chain process is interdependent. Starting from procurement of raw materials, production, distribution, and finally the goods reaching consumers will influence each other. The costs of goods and services will be somewhat impacted by these social habits. Producers and merchants must comprehend these social behaviors in order to properly establish prices and the distribution of goods. This includes determining the prices of goods and services. Offering manufacturers who participate in cooperative advertising schemes money for a percentage of the costs connected with local advertising encourages retailers to launch additional promotional activities. The aim of this research is to investigate how cooperative pricing and advertising can improve supply chain coordination using consumer demand functions. A model based on game theory that takes the dynamics of power in the supply. A series of numerical simulations is presented to illustrate the optimal solution of channel members based on scenarios that illustrate, understand and compare the fundamental results of the game models. The results of this research are that retail price decisions are influenced by the level of competition and product differentiation. The results show that retail margins depend on local ( ) and national ( ) advertising effectiveness values. In addition, retailers can gain greater profits by setting higher prices in conditions of low price elasticity but must consider consumer sensitivity to price to maximize profits.
Musical Instrument Classification using Audio Features and Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Giri Gst. Ayu Vida Mastrika , Radhitya Made Leo
Published: August 2024

This research classifies acoustic instruments using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). We utilize a dataset from Kaggle containing audio recordings of piano, violin, drums, and guitar. The training set consists of 700 guitar, percussion, violin, and 528 piano samples. The test set contains 80 samples of each instrument. Features such as Mel spectrograms, MFCCs, and other spectral and non-spectral characteristics are extracted using the Librosa package. Three feature sets—spectral-only, non-spectral-only, and a combined set—are employed to evaluate the efficacy of CNN models. Various CNN configurations are tested by adjusting the number of convolutional filters, learning rates, and epochs. The combined feature set achieves the highest performance, with a validation accuracy of 71.8% and a training accuracy of 76.9%. In comparison, non-spectral features achieve a validation accuracy of 68.4%, and spectral-only features achieve 69.3%. These findings highlight the benefits of using a comprehensive feature set for accurate classification.
La historia colonial en los 50 años de Folia Histórica del Nordeste
Authors: Salinas María Laura , Valenzuela Fátima Victoria
Published: August 2024

En este artículo nos interesará examinar la producción científica referida a la historia colonial (en adelante HC) que se ha publicado en estos últimos 50 años en Folia Histórica del Nordeste (en adelante FHN). Consideramos que esta publicación científica fue un espacio de intercambio de saberes y conocimientos del pasado colonial rioplatense. Nos interesará conocer quiénes publicaron, qué enfoques historiográficos plantearon, qué espacios o jurisdicciones examinaron y qué períodos exploraron. Tomamos como objeto de análisis tres secciones de la revista: los artículos originales, las notas y documentos y las reseñas bibliográficas. El análisis empírico de los trabajos publicados en FHN nos permitirá ofrecer una lectura de la consolidación de un campo disciplinar en el Nordeste Argentino, como lo es la Historia Colonial. Al ser un estudio de larga duración, intentaremos problematizar acerca de cómo la revista fue recibiendo contribuciones científicas de diferentes espacios regionales, que superan ampliamente al Nordeste en sentido geográfico amplio concebido en el NEA argentino.
Explorando los principales aportes geográficos a la Folia Histórica del Nordeste
Authors: Ramirez Liliana
Published: August 2024

A raíz del 50 aniversario de Folia Histórica del Nordeste, revista fundada en 1974, se exploran los principales aportes geográficos desarrollados por el “Gabinete de Geografía” y, posterior, Instituto de Geografía de la Facultad de Humanidades de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Apelando a un abordaje histórico, se examinan los artículos científicos publicados década por década. A partir de ese corpus, se analizan los principales enfoques y problemas que interesaron a geógrafos desde la 1970 hasta 2019, destacando los últimas cambios surgidos a partir del rico cruce interdisciplinario con el campo de la Historia, la Economía, la Antropología, el Urbanismo, entre otros.
Estudios sobre cultura(S) en los 50 años de Folia Histórica del Nordeste
Authors: Giordano Mariana , Reyero Alejandra
Published: August 2024

El artículo analiza el abordaje de la dimensión cultural que Folia Histórica del Nordeste fue construyendo a lo largo de sus 50 años ininterrumpidos de edición. Partimos de la hipótesis de que los artículos de Folia vinculados a la(s) cultura(s) dan cuenta de un cambio en el concepto de “cultura” hacia “lo cultural”. Este cambio atravesó a las disciplinas sociales y humanas desde la década de 1960. En la disciplina de la historia, dicha transformación se visibilizó de manera más contundente en la década de 1980. En el contexto del Instituto de Investigaciones Geohistóricas (IIGHI – CONICET-UNNE), coeditora de la revista, esta reconfiguración se expresó hacia 2003, con la creación de núcleos, líneas, grupos de investigación interdisciplinarios. La ampliación del universo teórico, objetos, problemáticas y metodologías de trabajo se advierte en la multiplicidad de artículos y dossiers temáticos publicados en los últimos números de Folia.
La Revista Folia Histórica del Nordeste y la Arqueología de las voluntades compartidas en el Gran Chaco Sudamericano
Authors: Lamenza Guillermo , Salceda Susana , Calandra Horacio
Published: August 2024

A partir de la conmemoración del 50 aniversario de la Revista Folia Histórica del Nordeste, nos proponemos hacer un balance y reflexionar sobre su relación con la comunicación y discusión de los avances arqueológicos en la región chaqueña y NEA en general. Al repasar la producción de la revista, los eventos científicos y las instituciones relacionadas se evidencia una conexión tardía con la arqueología, coincidiendo con el inicio de la primera etapa de investigaciones sistemáticas en el Gran Chaco sudamericano. A lo largo de este recorrido, también se observa una historia de voluntades compartidas que contribuyeron a consolidar la disciplina a nivel regional. Con el tiempo, se ampliaron los alcances de las comunicaciones y se formalizaron acuerdos para garantizar su sostenibilidad. Finalmente, destacamos la relevancia de la revista como espacio de discusión dentro de la disciplina y, sobre todo, como un ámbito propicio para estimular el diálogo interdisciplinario que la región requiere.
La vida de un obrero luminoso: un análisis de la trayectoria gremial y militante de Eduardo Castelo Soto (1946-1976)
Authors: Barraza José
Published: August 2024

El presente artículo se propone reconstruir la trayectoria de Eduardo Castelo, obrero de Materfer y dirigente del Sindicato de Trabajadores de Fiat Materfer (SiTraM) y del Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores (PRT), entre 1946 y 1976. Nos concentraremos en analizar la interacción entre los trabajadores y las organizaciones políticas en un contexto de combatividad y radicalización política de la clase trabajadora durante los años 70. A partir de un análisis comparado, reconstruiremos, por un lado, el proceso que va de su ingreso a Fiat Materfer a la recuperación del SiTraM en 1970. Por el otro, indagaremos sobre su participación en los asuntos sindicales y su incorporación al PRT hasta su asesinato por las fuerzas militares en el marco del golpe militar del 24 de marzo de 1976. Nuestra investigación se basará en la revisión de documentos sindicales y partidarios, periódicos de la época, documentos elaborados por las Fuerzas de Seguridad y entrevistas a militantes del PRT.
¿Es posible pensar la diversidad cultural sin la otrerización radical? Reflexiones sobre lenguaje y alteridad en la legislación cultural en torno a los pueblos indígenas en la provincia de Chaco (Argentina)
Authors: González Raúl Eduardo
Published: August 2024

Inspirados fundamentalmente en los estudios culturales y corrientes teóricas afines, hacemos un recorrido general por algunas leyes que se enmarcan en las llamadas políticas culturales en la provincia de Chaco (Argentina). Nos interesa analizar, puntualmente, el lenguaje que refiere a una forma especial de alteridad: los pueblos indígenas. Entendemos que el discurso estatal que se plasma en diversas leyes refiere a los pueblos originarios desde una perspectiva de la “otrerización” radical. Nos preguntamos si este lenguaje, que refiere a la alteridad siempre desde la exotización, no es una amenaza para la propia diversidad que pretende reivindicar, ya que —mientras destaca la existencia de “tres etnias” en la provincia— invisibiliza otros grupos menos coincidentes con los aspectos estereotipados de lo indígena. Nos centramos en dos tópicos principales: la invisibilización que produce la otrerización y la obsesión por el registro y la patrimonialización. Con la firme convicción del carácter político de los lenguajes, concluimos con una revisión crítica del multiculturalismo como formación discursiva a través de las leyes provinciales que hablan, refieren o denotan a la “cultura” de los pueblos originarios locales.
Generally Applicable Variance Estimation Methods for Common-Population Linking
Authors: Jewsbury Paul A.
Published: August 2024

Educational assessments require periodic administration changes, such as transitioning from paper to digital administration. During such transitions, a linking function relating the metrics of the new and previous administration is estimated, but uncertainty in this estimation introduces variance into comparisons between administrations. Similarly, different assessments provided to overlapping populations may be linked, introducing linking or equating error. We introduce new generally applicable variance estimation methods, generalize prior methods to be more widely applicable, and confirm the validity of the methods via simulation. Our methods account for dependencies between linking and other sources of error, complex sampling, and nonlinear linking functions, while applying to a wide range of score comparisons and statistics such as means, standard deviations, percentiles, and differences.
Spectral broadening induced by self-phase modulation of femtosecond optical pulses in SOI nanowires with graphene oxide integrated films
Authors: Moss David
Published: August 2024

We experimentally demonstrate enhanced spectral broadening of femtosecond optical pulses after propagation through silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanowire waveguides integrated with two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) films. Owing to the strong mode overlap between the SOI nanowires and the GO films with a high Kerr nonlinearity, the self-phase modulation (SPM) process in the hybrid waveguides is significantly enhanced, resulting in greatly improved spectral broadening of the femtosecond optical pulses. A solution-based, transfer-free coating method is used to integrate GO films onto the SOI nanowires with precise control of the film thickness. Detailed SPM measurements using femtosecond optical pulses are carried out, achieving a broadening factor of up to ~4.3 for a device with 0.4-mm-long, 2 layers of GO. By fitting the ex-perimental results with theory, we obtain an improvement in the waveguide nonlinear parameter by a factor of ~3.5 and the effective nonlinear figure of merit (FOM) by a factor of ~3.8, relative to the uncoated waveguide. Finally, we discuss the influence of GO film length on the spectral broad-ening and compare the nonlinear optical performance of different integrated waveguides coated with GO films. These results confirm the improved nonlinear optical performance for silicon devices integrated with 2D GO films.
Solution to the Yang-Mills Mass Gap Problem on R4
Authors: Wilson Jonathan Jared
Published: August 2024

I present a rigorous analytical solution to the Yang-Mills mass gapproblem on R4 by employing non-perturbative techniques, heat kernelmethods, and Ward identities. The existence of a mass gap ∆ > 0 isproved, and a mass gap formula ∆ = Ce−A/g2 relating ∆ to the gaugecoupling g is derived. The solution adheres to the criteria set by the ClayMathematics Institute and addresses the points raised by Michael Peskin.
An Empirical Eye-Tracking Study of Feature Model
Authors: Müller Zarib
Published: August 2024

Our empirical study focuses on understanding feature models in the context of validating configurations. We explored the relationship between the number of features and cross-tree constraints and participants’ accuracy in answering validity-checking questions. By analyzing eye fixations, we assessed the difficulty of interpreting fixated information and the percentage of fixation time per question, reflecting cognitive processing.
The superradiation phenomenon of R-N black holes can be unstable
Authors: Chen Wen-Xiang
Published: August 2024

According to traditional theory, RN black holes are stable even under superradiance conditions. However, if a complete mirror is placed near RN black holes, they may become unstable. Both the theory of inflation and precise astronomical observations indicate that the large-scale properties of the universe are asymptotically non-uniform, which closely approximates the theory of dS spacetime. In my research, the boundary conditions for bosons are influenced by cosmological constants. The conclusion is that the superradiant aperture of RN black holes may be unstable. If Bell's theorem is a more fundamental principle, then when the angular momentum of a black hole vanishes, boundary conditions will emerge for a scalar field interacting with the RN black hole (with the black hole and the scalar field forming a dS-like spacetime), leading to the formation of a potential well.
Support Vector Classifiers in scikit-learn: Mathematical Detail, Part IV
Authors: Prentice Justin S.C.
Published: August 2024

We present mathematical detail pertaining to the one-class support vector machine, as used in scikit-learn, which can be used to identify outliers in an unlabeled dataset. We construct the primal problem, from which we derive the dual problem. We discuss the nature of the decision surface. We include an illustrative numerical example. The paper is the fourth in a series and is intended to be educational in nature.Tunawasilisha maelezo ya hisabati yanayohusiana na mashine ya vekta ya usaidizi ya darasa moja, kama inavyotumika katika kujifunza kwa scikit, ambayo inaweza kutumika kutambua bidhaa za nje katika mkusanyiko wa data usio na lebo. Tunaunda shida ya msingi, ambayo tunapata shida mbili. Tunajadili asili ya uso wa uamuzi. Tunajumuisha mfano wa nambari wa kielelezo. Karatasi ni ya nne katika mfululizo na inakusudiwa kuwa ya elimu kwa asili.(Translation into Swahili provided by Google Translate).
The potential for successful autistic aging: Proposing a lifespan developmental psychology approach
Authors: Ommensen Berthine , Sofronoff Kate , Attwood Tony , Pachana Nancy A.
Published: August 2024

Negative misconceptions about the inevitability of declining physical health and cognitive functioning in old age abound in society and the literature on autism and aging. But there is a paradox of aging – most older adults in the general population experience a peak in their life satisfaction and emotional wellbeing in later life that is fundamental to successful aging. Parallel patterns of later life improvement in psychosocial functioning and emotional wellbeing have been found in conditions such as ADHD and schizophrenia which raises the tantalising question: could the paradox of aging be true for older autistic adults too?Contemporary gerontological research on successful aging has reconciled contradictions inherent in this paradox from the perspective of lifespan developmental psychology and its core assumption that aging is a lifelong process of adaptive change. By contrast, and even though global public health responses are shifting towards greater understanding and promotion of successful aging through recovery, adaptation, and growth in later life, there has been no attempt to consider aging in autism from a lifespan developmental psychology perspective.This article addresses this gap in the literature by exploring how lifespan developmental psychology might inform our understanding of the developmental trajectory of autism across the lifespan and in later life. Drawing on analyses of gerontological and autism literature, it proposes lifespan developmental psychology as a novel evidence-based theoretical framework that challenges existing negative expectations and offers an opportunity to reframe future autism research and clinical practice.
Refugee Proximity and Support for Citizenship Exclusion in Africa
Authors: Zhou Yang-Yang
Published: August 2024

How does proximity to refugees affect citizens’ preferences towards citizenship inclusion orexclusion? In Africa, host to one-third of the world’s refugees, widespread protracted displacementhas led to calls for pathways to legal membership. Citizens living near refugees may be more supportive of inclusion because they are more likely to be coethnics and experience benefits from humanitarian aid. Conversely, they may fear negative spillovers and become more protective over membership. Using geo-referenced data of over 1,200 refugee communities and 43,000 Afrobarometer respondents across 28 countries, this study finds that citizens who live closer to refugees in their country are more likely to support restrictions on birthright citizenship and naturalization. Placebo tests using distance to future refugee sites assuage concerns around selection bias. Heterogeneous effects analyses show that citizens who are ethnic minorities, economically vulnerable, and live near older and smaller sites tendto be more exclusionary.
Presenting the Outreach of ‘Garbhotsav Sanskar’ Movement Aimed at Programming Foetal Brain for a Well-Cultured Generation
Authors: Sharma Gayatri , Singh Ritu , Rai Nishchhal
Published: August 2024

In the present times, it is believed that socio-economic context plays an important role in the shaping of a generation. For example, the identity of Generation Z and Generation Alpha are significantly affected by various socio-economic factors like the digital age, COVID pandemic, anxiety associated with climate change, etc.; these factors have resulted in behavioural health crises including various kinds of mental disorders, living in virtual-reality instead of real-life human relationships, excessive dependency on social media, etc.A deep dive into the possible root causes for the above-mentioned personality traits reveals that the upbringing of future generations in modern Indian and Western culture focuses only on physical fitness and health, rather than mental, spiritual, emotional and moral values. Thus, the solution suggested in this regard is: what if a way is devised to program the foetal brain to get a well-mannered, intelligent, talented child with divine qualities? If this opportunity can be tapped by bringing integrity between mother and child to inculcate the physical, mental, social, psychological, moral and spiritual well-being of the child even before birth, then a planned baby can be created.The procedure given by the ancient sages for achieving this change is called Sanskar. The literal meaning of the word Sanskar is to make good, to refine, to purify, to sanctify, to make beautiful and useful, to remove defects and negativity in an object, to establish its good qualities and to give it a new cultured form.Looking at the circumstances of the present life, the founder of All World Gayatri Pariwar, Vedmurti Taponisth Pandit Sriram Sharma Aacharya ji, has combined the benefits, education and scientific knowledge of Garbhadhana, Punsavan and Seemantonayan sanskars and created a universal name ‘Gabhotsav Sanskar’. It is the psychological, social and spiritual education of the science of pregnancy, a subtle culture, a resolution-making event, which in the presence of close friends is imbued with a supernatural sacred atmosphere and spiritual feelings. It is a way to draw the attention of the expectant mother, the father of the unborn child and all family members to the physical, mental, emotional, social and spiritual well-being of the unborn baby.For the past several years, ‘Garbhotsav Sanskar’ has been propagated worldwide under the ‘Aao Gadhe Sanskarvan Pidhi’ movement of Shantikunj, Haridwar. The present paper is a compilation of various efforts undertaken in this regard. The strategy included 4 parts: Public awareness work, Training of trainers, Induction of pregnant women and Garbhotsav Sanskar function. The major achievement is success in introducing new ideas in a way that is accessible, digestible, acceptable and understandable to the learned people. Several universities and educational institutions have included it in their curriculum.
The vocabulary barrier in the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) in English Literature
Authors: Korochkina Maria , Rastle Kathleen
Published: August 2024

Every year in the United Kingdom hundreds of thousands of pupils in their last year of secondary education take a General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exam in English Literature. Yet, every year, attainment is strikingly low: one quarter of those sitting the exam fail to achieve the grade 4 required for a standard pass. This paper sought to understand the reasons for this low attainment by comparing the vocabulary used in texts on the GCSE English Literature specifications with the vocabulary encountered in books that British teenagers read for pleasure. Our analysis shows that the GCSE texts have varied but dense vocabulary, and feature many words that are not encountered in popular books or in a typical spoken language environment. Many of these unfamiliar words are new roots whose meanings cannot be derived from their parts, suggesting that readers will need to rely on context or turn to a dictionary to interpret these. Together, our findings indicate that the GCSE texts will challenge even those pupils who read avidly in their free time, while their less able peers will be unable to access the texts. Our work suggests that a specification review is in order, and that it is critical that this review takes into account the wide variation in reading and language skills that pupils bring into the classroom.
Publishing during a sociology PhD in Australia: differences by elite and non-elite universities and gender
Authors: Rajcan Adam , Burns Edgar
Published: August 2024

We examined the latest decade of Australian sociology PhD completions for differences in the number and quality of research outputs students published during doctoral enrolment. There was no evidence of a statistically significant difference between Go8 PhD students and their non-Go8 PhD counterparts in terms of either the quantity of research publications achieved, or the quality of these publications as measured by high-impact journals. There was also insufficient evidence statistically to conclude that Go8 men and Go8 women differed from one another, or that non-Go8 men and non-Go8 women differed from one another in overall quantity of outputs and publishing in high-impact journals. However, publishing success of men and women, when combined, regardless of whether they were at elite Go8 or non-Go8 institutions, showed gender had a marginally significant effect on publication productivity, men outperforming women, in both publication counts and in publishing in high-impact journals.
Symptom clusters of depression, anxiety, and ADHD show separable dimensional effects on reinforcement learning in children and adolescents
Authors: Falck Johannes , Lindenberg Katajun , Schwarzer Gudrun , Straube Benjamin , Shing Yee Lee
Published: August 2024

Past reinforcement learning (RL) studies implicated valence and uncertainty in modulating psychopathology effects on computational parameters. Yet, gaps persist in understanding their developmental trajectory, generalizability across contexts, and the nuanced impact of individual symptom severity that is often overlooked in case-control designs. In a sample of 122 8-to-18-year-olds of both clinical and typically developing individuals, our study found differential effects of depression, anxiety and ADHD on RL, noting reduced choice sensitivity and valence-related learning modulations in depression, uncertainty-related changes in anxiety and reduced learning in ADHD. We further deconstructed links to RL parameters according to five biologically plausible transdiagnostic symptom clusters of anhedonia, negative affect, fear, inattention and hyperactivity. Unexpectedly, many identified links revealed (inverted-)u-shaped instead of linear relationships. Our study provides evidence that symptom-related alterations in learning and decision-making manifest in children as young as 8 years old, with increasing influence of internalizing symptoms but decreasing influence of externalizing symptoms with age. Through this comprehensive approach, we aim to enhance understanding of the interplay between psychopathology, development, and RL processes, ultimately informing targeted interventions.
Spatial Compressed Sensing for Field Reconstruction in Full-Scale Structural Systems
Authors: Jesus Andre , Mojtabaei Seyed Mohammad
Published: August 2024

High dimensional systems, such as large civil infrastructure, exhibit fundamental patterns in space and time which can be exploited for efficient data acquisition, reconstruction, identification and damage detection. This study numerically investigates the applicability of compressed sensing (CS) theory to reconstruct the static displacement field of a multi-storey building using a small number of displacement samples. A full-scale Finite Element (FE) model of the building, developed using Opensees software, is used to capture its static displacement field and vibratory mode shapes, which serve as a tailored physics-guided basis. A sample of displacement data was then randomly selected, aiming to reconstruct the entire displacement field. The results demonstrate that achieving a reliable full-scale reconstruction is feasible with only approximately one percent of the total degrees of freedom in the original model. This highlights the effectiveness of the CS paradigm in accurately reconstructing various measurement fields within buildings, emphasizing its potential to enhance the efficiency of information extraction from spatially distributed sensor networks.
Rhythms of Relief: Perspectives on Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Music Interventions in ADHD
Authors: Luo Zhihui , Zhang Da-Wei
Published: August 2024

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple neurocognitive deficits. Research suggests that music therapy, both active and passive, may be an effective complementary method of addressing ADHD challenges. This perspective paper discusses 7 neurocognitive mechanisms by which music interventions may alleviate ADHD symptoms, including executive function enhancement, timing improvement, arousal regulation, default mode network modulation, neural entrainment, affective management, and social bonding facilitation. Our study synthesized evidence from ADHD-specific studies and examined parallels to other populations to identify possible pathways through which music therapy could exert its effect. The paper also discusses the implications of individualized music interventions tailored to specific neurocognitive profiles in ADHD, advocating additional research to refine and optimize these approaches. Overall, music therapy has substantial potential as a complementary treatment for ADHD, offering new avenues for addressing the psychosocial and cognitive aspects of this condition.
Evaluating Overinclusive Thinking: Development and Validation of the Categorical Overinclusive Thinking Task (COverTT)
Authors: DiStefano Paul V , Patterson John D. , Beaty Roger
Published: August 2024

Overinclusive thinking, characterized by flexible category boundaries and broad associative networks, is closely linked to creativity. However, there has been a lack of rigorous psychometric evaluation of tasks measuring overinclusive thinking. In this paper, we introduce the Categorical Overinclusive Thinking Task (COverTT) and evaluate its reliability and validity. Across three studies involving 749 participants, we explore the relationship between overinclusive thinking, creativity, openness, creative behaviors, intelligence, and schizotypy. Our findings demonstrate that the COverTT is a reliable tool for assessing overinclusive thinking. Furthermore, we discuss the relationship between the COverTT and the criterion validity measures. To enable other researchers to readily use the COverTT for measuring overinclusive thinking, we provide open access to our data, code, and materials at OSF (https://osf.io/c3phq/?view_only=2973ca020429414db1ea069ede02bed5).
Rewilding psychology
Authors: Baggs Edward , Sanches de Oliveira Guilherme
Published: August 2024

Some commentators have recently argued that scientific psychology is overly reliant on artificial laboratory-based activities, and that it undervalues field-based investigations. However, it remains unclear how a field-based program of psychological research might be organized in a scalable way. We examine and compare two existing field-based approaches: Roger Barker’s behavior settings program and Edwin Hutchins’s distributed cognition program. Both programs prioritize observational work, and both reject the individual as the unit of analysis in favor of a community-scale unit. However, whereas the behavior settings program is concerned with structural properties of community life, distributed cognition is concerned more narrowly with the functional analysis of expert team performance. We discuss the extent to which these programs can inform a future community-scale approach to studying psychology in the wild. We conclude that the two programs are proof of concept of the possibility of a scientific psychology that rejects methodological individualism.
An ability to integrate probability and epistemic reasoning is later-developing than either in isolation
Authors: Aboody Rosie , Lu Julianna , Denison Stephanie , Jara-Ettinger Julian
Published: August 2024

When reasoning about others’ knowledge, intuitively we consider not just action outcomes like success or failure, but also the probability of such outcomes under different knowledge states. Across three experiments (n = 240 North American four- to six-year-olds) we find that even four-year-olds understand that tasks with a lower probability of random success are harder—but not until age six do children use this information to gauge (Experiment 1) and infer (Experiments 2-3) what others know. These results suggest that, although basic probabilistic reasoning and representations of knowledge are well in place by age four, children do not integrate the two to make mental-state inferences until much later, pointing to an area of important developmental change in Theory of Mind.
Contextualized Effects of Maternal Cannabis During Pregnancy on Childhood Alcohol Sipping in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Project
Authors: Ikeda Ami Sala , Biglaiser Anna P. , Yuan Qingyue E. , Benca-Bachman Chelsie E. , Knopik Valerie , Palmer Rohan
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims: Prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) has been associated with early cannabis initiation, continued use, and escalation of use; however, little is known about the association between PCE and alcohol experimentation. The current study (1) examined links between PCE, familial/maternal confounding factors via a propensity score for PCE, and childhood alcohol sipping behavior and (2) examined the mediating relationship between PCE, externalizing and internalizing behaviors, and alcohol sipping. Methods: A total of 11,878 children were included from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study sample. Based on parent or caregiver report, 697 children were included within the PCE group. A propensity score approach was utilized to account for familial and environmental confounders. Childhood behavioral outcomes and alcohol sipping behavior were evaluated using a series of logistic regression models where models first examined the effects of PCE in isolation and after accounting for confounders. Results: Prior to accounting for familial and environmental confounders, mothers reporting of cannabis use during pregnancy was nominally associated with a 36% increase in risk for alcohol sipping in children (OR = 1.36 (SE = .15), 95% CI [1.01,1.85]). However, after accounting for confounders using propensity scores, the prior indicated effect was in fact inflated and PCE was not associated with alcohol sipping. Mediation analysis suggested that the association between PCE and propensity of PCE with alcohol sipping are mediated by externalizing behaviors, but not internalizing behaviors. Conclusions: PCE effects on adolescent alcohol sipping are indirect and are confounded with maternal behaviors before and during pregnancy.Keywords: prenatal cannabis exposure, alcohol sipping, externalizing, substance experimentation, development, propensity score
Silenced by Incivility
Authors: Bain Kristin , Coll Kate , Kreps Tamar A. , Tenney Elizabeth R.
Published: August 2024

Some theories suggest that women anticipate negative consequences (i.e., backlash) for counterstereotypical actions and take steps to avoid those consequences. We propose that women may expect gender-based backlash for voicing, or contributing ideas that challenge the status quo, and thus engage in more silence (withholding those contributions) than men. However, we also propose that women anticipate gender backlash, and hence engage in more silence, only when other group members’ behavior signals that deviating from prescribed gender norms is risky. In two studies with over 3,000 participants, we found that incivility increased women’s expectation that voicing would lead to gender backlash. In turn, women engaged in more silence than men in uncivil groups, but we found no gender difference in silence in civil groups. Our findings reveal that certain situations differentially alert people to interpersonal risks, thus influencing their decision to withhold contributions.
Devianz in der COVID-19 Pandemie - Erklärungen und empirische Befunde
Authors: Helbing Alexander , Krumpal Ivar
Published: August 2024

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, abweichendes Verhalten in der COVID-19 Pandemie zu erklären und empirisch zu erforschen. Genauer liegt der Fokus auf Determinanten von Impfnachweisfälschungen und des Lügens in Bezug auf den eigenen Impf- und Teststatus. Es werden Daten einer Online-Befragung ausgewertet (n = 549). Mit Blick auf die Erklärung des abweichenden Verhaltens, können die aus der Rational Choice Theory abgeleiteten Hypothesen zur Sanktionswahrscheinlichkeit und Sanktionshöhe empirisch nicht bestätigt werden. Die Hypothesen zum Einfluss von sozialen Normen sind dagegen robuster. So ist das abweichende Verhalten im eigenen sozialen Umfeld ein guter Prädiktor für die eigene Impfnachweisfälschung. Zudem verhält sich eine Person eher dann abweichend, wenn sie glaubt, dass sich die Mehrheit der Gesellschaft nicht an Corona-Restriktionen hält. Schließlich zeigt die Überprüfung einer Reihe von Einstellungshypothesen, dass das Misstrauen in das Robert Koch-Institut ein robuster Prädiktor für die eigene Devianz ist.
Centenarian and Supercentenarian Population Prospects
Authors: Gibbs Philip , Zak Nikolay
Published: August 2024

The United Nations Population Prospects provide past estimates and future projections of population by country, sex and age from 0 to 100 years. The latest edition, published in July 2024, covers the years 1950 to 2100. The aim of this study is to extend the UN projections up to the age of 125 using a linear mortality model that we have previously shown to be accurate for centenarians from G12. To calibrate the model, the cumulative results up to 2024 are compared with the number of supercentenarians by country and sex as reported by longevity validation organisations. The projections are then used to forecast the global number of supercentenarians to 2100.
Childhood Malnutrition and Mortality in a Changing Climate
Authors: Thiede Brian C. , Gray Clark
Published: August 2024

Climatic variability and change disrupt environmental and socioeconomic systems, with widespread implications for human health and wellbeing. A growing demographic literature examines the relationship between climate variability and children’s health and nutritional security in low- and middle-income countries. These impacts may operate through multiple biological and socioeconomic pathways, which provide a strong conceptual basis for expecting climate effects but make the formation of directional hypotheses difficult. These issues are amplified by the potential influence of several selection biases, including from climate-induced mortality. We contribute to this literature by measuring the effects of temperature and precipitation variability on the weight and height of 0-23 month-old (n=362,352) and 24-59 month-old (n=532,497) children, respectively, across 57 developing countries. We measure overall temperature and precipitation effects across the sample and by world region, and test for differences in effects within regions by sex, birth order, mother’s education, and rural (urban) residence. We supplement our analysis of nutrition by fitting models of child mortality, which is an important outcome and a potential source of bias in our health models. We find that recent temperature anomalies are negatively associated with children’s weight-for-height (WHZ) in most regions of the world but early-childhood temperature exposures are positively associated with height-for-age (HAZ). These effects vary only modestly between and within regions, although the lack of overall climate effects on health in Latin America and the Caribbean is notable. Importantly, our models of childhood mortality show that heat exposures are positively associated with mortality risk at all ages and may be especially strong among children ages 24-59 months. These results suggest that estimated climate effects on WHZ and HAZ may be upwardly biased and imply that the apparently positive effects of temperature on HAZ may be in part an artifact of selective mortality.
To Agitate a Southern Audience: Revisiting the Impact of Abolition on Tuskegee Institute’s Institutional Interventions, Anti-Lynching Advocacy, and Sociological Contributions
Authors: Lewis Demar Francis
Published: August 2024

Scholars have paid minimal attention to the political and practical objectives that guided Tuskegee Institute’s sociological program and institutional interventions in the 19th and 20th centuries. Leveraging a multi-modal, historical sociological approach grounded in primary and secondary analyses of biographical data, narratives, and archival data, I show that Tuskegee’s institutional interventions illustrate three abolitionist tactics: (1) building consciousness through research dissemination and place-based investment, (2) galvanizing Southern whites and political elites to abolish lynching locally, and (3) countering the propaganda used to justify lynching to inspire divestment from lynching and carceral punishment. Booker T. Washington’s commitment to eradicating structural racism and resource deprivation in the aftermath of slavery led to Tuskegee Institute’s formation of the first department of applied rural sociology in the United States, and the Negro Farmers’ conference and Movable School interventions supported a comprehensive anti-poverty strategy. Likewise, the research activism of Monroe Work disseminated via the Negro Year Book and individual publications sought to galvanize the abolition of lynching and carceral punishment. In the wake of re-emerged visibility of white supremacist terrorism and commitments to practicing Du Boisian sociology across the United States, I argue that reviving the memory of Tuskegee’s institutional practices makes a case for reconsidering the place of abolition in academic sociology in the 21st century.
Current Issues with Social Work Field Education and Ideas for Change
Authors: Eaton Andrew David
Published: August 2024

Field education is a significant component of social work education and might be the signature pedagogy. Yet current issues limit the quality of experience that students can receive from practicum. These issues include austerity policies, exhaustion of altruism, trends towards clinical social work and privatized human services, and a lack of student readiness. Degree granting institutions, such as universities, have long relied on altruism to run social work field education programs but austerity measures may mean that historical altruism can no longer be relied upon. The lack of compensation for practicum students and field instructors is unethical and may contribute to conflicts of interest and exploitation in practicum. This article details these present challenges in social work field education through incorporating scholarship and reflection and presents ideas for change. Enhanced orientation and stipends for practicum students and field instructors have shown preliminary promise in mitigating modern social work field education difficulties. For field education to be social work’s signature pedagogy, practicum planning and associated policies must be treated with respect and rigour, constantly scrutinized and improved upon as the field develops and changes.
امكانية تطبيق خارطة مجرى القيمة في المؤسسات الصحية
Authors: م.م. حكيم عبد الواحد محمد الخزاعي
Published: August 2024

يسعى هذا البحث الى توظيف التصنيع الرشيق باستعمال خارطة مجرى القيمة, التي تعد أحد أهم أدواته في اعادة تصميم الخدمة في بيئة العمل, تم  اختيار مستوصف الشهيد حسين السويعدي الصحي في الرصافة كونه من المنظمات التي لها ارتباط  بخدمة افراد المجتمع وتقديم الخدمات الصحية لهم, يهدف البحث لتقييم واقع العمل وامكانية بناء خارطة مجرى القيمة المستقبلية للمستوصف وتقديم الاجراءات والحلول التي تقلل الانتظار وتحد من الضياعات, اذ تتمثل مشكلة البحث بوجود انشطة واعمال وضياعات لا تضيف قيمة مع وجود اوقات انتظار طويلة للزبائن, وضعف في توزيع المهام واعادة الترتيب الداخلي للأقسام والانشطة, ومن اجل الوصول الى الحقائق العلمية اعتمد الباحث منهج (دراسة الحالة) اذ تم جمع البيانات اللازمة وتحليلها وفق المعادلات الاحصائية التي ساعدت في الوصول الى بناء خارطة مجرى القيمة المستقبلية, وقد توصل البحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات منها قلة اهتمام ادارة المستوصف بتطبيق ادوات علمية تعالج الترهل  الحاصل في بعض الاقسام والانشطة, مع  وجود أوقات انتظار كبيرة للزبائن  تصل مجموعها الى (4878) دقيقة يوميا لجميع الاقسام , وقدم البحث مجموعة من التوصيات أبرزها ضرورة اهتمام ادارة المستوصف  بتطبيق ادوات علمية  تسهم  بتقليل اوقات الانتظار والهدر والضياعات مع اعادة توزيع المهام واعادة الترتيب الداخلي وتوفير الموارد اللازمة  للأقسام.
تحليل التركيب السلعي لصادرات العراق باستخدام منهجية فضاء المنتجات
Authors: علا علي عباس  , أ.د. فلاح خلف علي الربيعي
Published: August 2024

اهتم هذا البحث منهجية التعقيد الاقتصادي وفضاء المنتجات، لكونها تقدم رؤيا جديدة بديلة عن النظريات التقليدية المعنية بموضوع التنمية الاقتصادية والتحول البنيوي ،  ويهدف البحث التعريف بنظرية التعقيد الاقتصادي وبمنهجية فضاء الإنتاج وتحديد موقع العراق في شبكة فضاء المنتجات العالمية مقارنة بموقع بعض الدول العربية والدول النامية والدول المتقدمة والتأكيد على أهمية دور الصناعة التحويلية في التنمية والتحول البنيوي والتأكيد على ضرورة تنويع الصادرات من خلال الاهتمام بالصادرات ذات الارتباط بفضاء المنتجات العالمي، اعتمدت البحث المنهج الاستنباطي ، الذي تطلب الرجوع الى النظريات الاقتصادية ذات الصلة ,وبخاصة النظريات البنيوية ونظرية التعقيد الاقتصادي .
توصل البحث الى ان تفاقم الاختلال في هيكل الصادرات في العراق ، يعود الى ضعف دور قطاع الصناعة التحويلية واستمرار على الاعتماد على صادرات النفط الخام مساهمة العراق ، مما أدى الى تعميق ظاهرة الريعية على حساب التنويع الاقتصادي وبالتالي تراجع ترتيب العراق في مؤشر التعقيد الاقتصادي وضعف مشاركته في شبكة فضاء  المنتجات.
وفي الختام اوصى البحث بضرورة التوجه نحو إنتاج منتجات جديدة أكثر تطورا من خلال الحصول على معرفة إنتاجية جديدة يمكن الوصول إليها من خلال البناء على المعرفة الإنتاجية الموجودة حاليا لدى الصناعات العراقية واستغلالها لتحسين هيكلية الاقتصاد العراقي ، والتوجه نحو إنتاج وتصدير منتجات جديدة متطورة وقريبة من المعرفة الإنتاجية الحالية.