bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative performance analysis and comparison of optimal-continuum Gaussian basis sets for high-harmonic generation spectra
Authors: Morassut C. , Coccia E. , Luppi E.
Published: September 2023

Quantum-chemistry methods in the time domain with Gaussian basis sets are increasingly used to compute high-harmonic generation (HHG) spectra of atomic and molecular systems. The quality of these approaches is limited by the accuracy of Gaussian basis sets to describe continuum energy states. In the literature, optimal-continuum Gaussian basis sets have been proposed: Kaufmann et al. [J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys. 22, 2223 (1989)], Woźniak et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 154, 094111 (2021)], Nestmann and Peyerimhoff [J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys. 23, L773 (1990)], Faure et al. [Comput. Phys. Commun. 144, 224 (2002)], and Krause et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 140, 174113 (2014)]. In this work, we have compared the performances of these basis sets to simulate HHG spectra of H atom at different laser intensities. We have also investigated different strategies to balance basis sets with these continuum functions, together with the role of angular momentum. To quantify the performance of the different basis sets, we introduce local and global HHG descriptors. Comparisons with the grid and exact calculations are also provided.
Unraveling metallic contaminants in complex polyimide heterostructures using deep ultraviolet spectroscopic ellipsometry
Authors: Naradipa Muhammad Avicenna , Lianto Prayudi , See Gilbert , Sundarrajan Arvind , Rusydi Andrivo
Published: September 2023

Metallic contaminants in complex heterostructures are important topics due to their significant roles in determining physical properties as well as devices' performance. Particularly, heterostructures of polyimide via on Al pad and Cu redistribution layer (RDL) on polyimide have shown exotic properties and are important for advanced semiconductor packaging systems. One main problem is significant leakage current variations, which affect the performance of the devices, yet its origin is far from understood. Furthermore, metal contaminations, if any, would occur at the buried interfaces, and it is particularly challenging to probe them. Until now, the electronic and optical properties of complex polyimide heterostructures and the roles of metallic contaminants have not been studied extensively. Herewith, using spectroscopic ellipsometry in broad deep ultraviolet (DUV) range supported with finite-difference time-domain calculations, we determine optical properties with various concentration of contaminants and their influence on device performance of under-bump vias and RDL architectures, especially at the metal–bump interface and surface between RDL. The complex dielectric function reveals varying contamination levels and different metals responsible for chip performance. Metallic contaminants are embedded within ∼50 nm in the polyimide, and different metals are distinguishable with varying concentrations (1.3%–30% relative volume fraction), in agreement with contact measurements in highly complex structures. Our result shows the potency of spectroscopic ellipsometry in the DUV and paves the way for nondestructive, advanced quality control and metrology applications in integrated advanced electronics packaging systems.
Mechanistic and kinetic studies of visible light photoredox reactions
Authors: Talbott Eric D. , Burnett Nora L. , Swierk John R.
Published: September 2023

The use of visible light to enable small molecule synthesis has grown substantially over the last 15 years. While much of the focus has been on the development of new methods, mechanistic and kinetic studies can provide valuable information about reaction steps and highlight directions for optimization and new methods. This review focuses on reports of visible light, homogenous photoredox reactions that emphasize direct observation of reaction intermediates and/or contain a significant focus on mechanistic and kinetic studies. How these types of studies can improve reaction yields and rates are highlighted. Finally, reaction quantum yields for over 200 photoredox reactions are summarized for the first time. This often-neglected reaction parameter provides valuable insights into the efficiency of photoredox reactions as well as the clues to the underlying mechanism.
Bifurcations in adaptive vascular networks: Toward model calibration
Authors: Klemm Konstantin , Martens Erik A.
Published: September 2023

Transport networks are crucial for the functioning of natural and technological systems. We study a mathematical model of vascular network adaptation, where the network structure dynamically adjusts to changes in blood flow and pressure. The model is based on local feedback mechanisms that occur on different time scales in the mammalian vasculature. The cost exponent γ tunes the vessel growth in the adaptation rule, and we test the hypothesis that the cost exponent is γ=1/2 for vascular systems [D. Hu and D. Cai, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 138701 (2013)]. We first perform bifurcation analysis for a simple triangular network motif with a fluctuating demand and then conduct numerical simulations on network topologies extracted from perivascular networks of rodent brains. We compare the model predictions with experimental data and find that γ is closer to 1 than to 1/2 for the model to be consistent with the data. Our study, thus, aims at addressing two questions: (i) Is a specific measured flow network consistent in terms of physical reality? (ii) Is the adaptive dynamic model consistent with measured network data? We conclude that the model can capture some aspects of vascular network formation and adaptation, but also suggest some limitations and directions for future research. Our findings contribute to a general understanding of the dynamics in adaptive transport networks, which is essential for studying mammalian vasculature and developing self-organizing piping systems.
Insight into the peroxygenase activity of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMO): Recent progress and mechanistic understanding
Authors: Gao Wa , Yin Heng
Published: September 2023

The discovery of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) as monocopper enzymes for the oxidative cleavage of glycosidic bonds in recalcitrant polysaccharides has revolutionized our understanding of enzymatic biomass conversion. In recent years, the debate regarding whether LPMOs function as monooxygenases or peroxygenases has generated significant interest due to its implications for understanding the mechanisms involved in LPMO-mediated lignocellulosic biomass conversion. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of theoretical calculations and kinetic studies, offering a detailed examination of the catalytic mechanism of LPMOs from a physicochemical perspective. By reviewing theoretical investigations focused on the activation of O2/H2O2 and its impact on LPMO monooxygenase/peroxygenase activity, this review aims to inspire novel insight and innovative approaches for exploring the intricate mechanism of LPMOs.
An atomic filter laser with a compact Voigt anomalous dispersion optical filter
Authors: Liu Zijie , Guan Xiaolei , Qin Xiaomin , Wang Zhiyang , Shi Hangbo , Zhang Jia , Miao Jianxiang , Shi Tiantian , Dang Anhong , Chen Jingbiao
Published: September 2023

The study of atomic physics has been greatly influenced by the development of high-stability diode lasers whose output corresponds to the atomic transition. Recently, an atomic filter laser “Faraday laser” shines on stage, owing to its great robustness to the fluctuation of the diode parameters and potentially higher tolerance to vibration. However, cost reduction and portability require the Faraday laser to have a more compact structure. Here, we report on the development of a promising atomic filter laser—a “Voigt laser”—using a Voigt anomalous dispersion optical filter (VADOF) as the frequency-selective element, which has a structural advantage in miniaturization. The influencing factors toward the VADOF are investigated in detail to produce a parameter set for the best performance of a Voigt laser. In this case, the Voigt laser has great robustness to the fluctuation in the diode current and temperature, where the wavelength fluctuation is ±0.5 pm with the variation of the diode parameters (diode current: 73–150 mA and diode temperature: 12–30 °C). In addition, the wavelength of the Voigt laser fluctuates about ± 0.5 pm for 48-h free-running operation and shows excellent reproducibility without manual adjustment. The laser system developed here provides a stable and reliable laser source for substantially improving existing technologies such as the atomic clock, electromagnetically induced transparency, and laser cooling of atoms.
The effect of chemistry and thermal fluctuations on charge injection barriers at aluminum/polyolefin interfaces
Authors: Wang Yiyuan , Laihonen Sari J. , Unge Mikael , Mostofi Arash A.
Published: September 2023

Charge injection at metal/polymer interfaces is a critical process in many technological devices, including high voltage capacitors and cables in which polyolefin materials, such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), are often used as insulation materials. We use simulations based on density-functional theory to study charge injection at aluminum/PE and aluminum/PP interfaces. Specifically, we investigate the influence of incorporating a variety of polar chemical impurities at the PE and PP chain ends on electron and hole injection barriers. Crucially, we account for the effect of thermal disorder by considering ensembles of thousands of interface structures obtained from ab initio molecular dynamics trajectories at 373 K. We show that the mean injection barrier can change by up to 1.1 eV for Al/PE and 0.6 eV for Al/PP, as compared to the pristine case, depending on which chemical impurity is introduced. We also show that the spread of injection barriers from thermal fluctuations also depends strongly on the chemistry of the impurity. The observed trends can be understood with a simple model based on thermal fluctuations of the dipole moment density associated with the chemical impurity at the interface. We further verify this model by considering larger interface models with lower impurity densities. Our results demonstrate that small chemical modifications, which may arise from oxidation, for example, have a significant influence on charge injection barriers in metal/polyolefin interfaces.
Concomitant interfacial spin fractal transformation and exchange bias in a magnetic shape memory alloy
Authors: Shen L. , Gong Y. , Alshemi A. , Campillo E. , Cubitt R. , Steinke N.-J. , Blackburn E.
Published: September 2023

Small-angle neutron scattering is used to study the exchange bias effect in Mn50Ni40Sn10. The martensitic transformation is found to be responsible for the nanometer-scale spin clusters (SCs) inside the low-temperature ferromagnetic (FM) martensite phase. The magnetic field dependences of the SCs and FM domains exhibit an asymmetry that characterizes the exchange bias. We find that the surface geometries of the two magnetic phases are strongly susceptible to magnetization changes. While the FM domains and SCs are dominated by diffuse and fractal surfaces around the coercive fields, this configuration is reversed in the saturation regime, where the FM and SC surfaces become fractal and diffuse, respectively. These geometry changes are driven by the spin reorientation inside the heterogeneous FM/SC domain walls, where exchange anisotropy arises. Our work reveals the microscopic mechanism underlying the exchange bias effect in magnetic shape memory alloys.
Superconductivity in laser-annealed monocrystalline silicon films: The role of boron implant
Authors: Dumas P. , Opprecht M. , Kerdilès S. , Lábár J. , Pécz B. , Lefloch F. , Nemouchi F.
Published: September 2023

33 nm thick silicon on insulator films were implanted with boron at high dose (1.5 × 1016 or 2.5 × 1016 at/cm2) and low energy (3 or 4 keV), then further annealed with 160 ns laser pulses. When the laser energy is set such as to lead to the near complete melt of silicon, superconductivity is found in 4 keV-implanted films only, with a critical temperature that increases with dose from 270 to 390 mK. This latter temperature is 200 mK higher than the one recently reported in polycrystalline films of same thickness. Transmission electron microscopy images demonstrate that the films annealed at this particular laser energy are monocrystalline, with a lower density of boron precipitates in superconducting ones at a given dose. A simple model shows that the appearance of superconductivity in 4 keV-implanted films is due to the broader shape of the as-implanted boron distribution.
Electrical gating of superconducting NbSe2 using SrTiO3-based field-effect transistors
Authors: Fang Zhi , Tao Zui , Sun Haoying , Lv Yang-Yang , Chen Yan-Bin , Nie Yuefeng , Liu Ronghua , Xi Xiaoxiang
Published: September 2023

We report on electrical gating of superconducting bilayer NbSe2 using dual-gate field-effect transistors constructed by the van der Waals assembly of mechanically exfoliated NbSe2 and SrTiO3 thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Charge carrier doping, but not a pure electric field, was found to induce changes to the superconducting resistive transition, reaching a 190 mK modulation of the critical temperature and excluding the Rashba effect. The phase space for the superconducting state beyond the Pauli limit under in-plane magnetic fields expands when the critical temperature is enhanced. Quantitative comparison with theory suggests the presence of intervalley scattering, which competes with Ising spin–orbit coupling to set the superconducting-normal phase boundary. The gating method demonstrated here may be applied to study other van der Waals layered superconductors.
Synaptic learning behavior and neuromorphic computing of Au/MXene/NiO/FTO artificial synapse
Authors: Fang Junlin , Tang Zhenhua , Li Xi-Qi , Fan Zhao-Yuan , Jiang Yan-Ping , Liu Qiu-Xiang , Tang Xin-Gui , Fan Jing-Min , Gao Ju , Shang Jie
Published: September 2023

A traditional von Neumann structure cannot adapt to the rapid development of artificial intelligence. To solve this issue, memristors have emerged as the preferred devices for simulating synaptic behavior and enabling neural morphological computations. In this work, Au/NiO/FTO and Au/MXene/NiO/FTO heterojunction memristors were prepared on FTO/glass by a sol-gel method. A comparative analysis was carried out to investigate the changes in electrical properties and synaptic behavior of the memristors upon the addition of MXene films. Au/MXene/NiO/FTO artificial synapses not only have smaller threshold voltage, larger switching ratio, and more intermediate conductivity states but also can simulate important synaptic behavior. The results show that the Au/MXene/NiO/FTO heterojunction memristor has better weight update linearity and excellent conductivity modulation behavior in addition to long data retention time characteristics. Utilizing a convolutional neural network architecture, the recognition accuracy of the MNIST and Fashion-MNIST datasets was improved to 96.8% and 81.7%, respectively, through the implementation of improved random adaptive algorithms. These results provide a feasible approach for combining MXene materials with metal oxides to prepare artificial synapses for the implementation of neuromorphic computing.
Supercooled solutions of sodium perchlorate in TIP4P/2005 water: The effect of martian solutes on thermodynamics and structure
Authors: La Francesca P. , Gallo P.
Published: September 2023

We study the thermodynamic behavior of sodium perchlorate solutions in supercooled water through molecular dynamics numerical simulations. These solutions are of special interest because of the recent experimental results that led to hypothesize the presence of liquid water in perchlorate solutions beneath the Martian soil. We model water using the TIP4P/2005 potential. The results we obtain for solutions with concentrations 1.63 and 15.4 wt% are in agreement with those of a system undergoing a liquid–liquid phase transition where the liquid–liquid critical point shifts to slightly higher temperatures and lower pressures. The structure of the system is also analyzed, and we come to the conclusion that, even at the highest concentration considered, water retains its anomalous behavior.
Highly sensitive and uniform Ag nanostructures for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) applications
Authors: Sakir Menekse
Published: September 2023

The present investigation involves the in situ growth of Ag nanostructures (NSs) onto a rough Cu surface, accomplished through a cost-effective and straightforward fabrication process. The inherent characteristics of the Cu surface contribute to a certain degree of a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) signal. Upon integration with Ag NSs, the Cu surface serves as an exceptionally sensitive and consistently uniform substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Notably, a singular substrate accommodates the simultaneous detection of four distinct probe molecules. Subsequent SERS analyses of Ag NSs on Cu were executed under varying laser power conditions. Intriguingly, despite the escalation in laser power, no substantial shifts were discerned in the peak positions corresponding to the probe molecules. Consequently, it can be inferred that, for investigations where peak position shifts hold significance, the utilization of a thermally conductive material in fabricating SERS-active substrates could confer notable advantages.
The impact of social connections and discrimination to HIV risk among Asian gay and bisexual men in Australia
Authors: Chan Curtis , Mao Limin , Bavinton Benjamin R. , Holt Martin , Prankumar Sujith Kumar , Dong Kevin , Wark Timothy , Chen Timothy , Wijaya Hendri Yulius , Wong Horas T. H.
Published: September 2023

Background Asian gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are overrepresented in new HIV diagnoses in Australia. Social engagement with other GBMSM has been associated with HIV testing and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake. Asian GBMSM may be socially disconnected from LGBTQ+ people, which may increase their HIV risk. This analysis assessed the contribution of social connection on HIV risk among Asian GBMSM. Methods Using an online cross-sectional survey of Asian GBMSM in Australia, we measured condomless anal intercourse (CLAI) in the last 6 months without PrEP or an undetectable viral load (UVL), i.e. CLAI with a risk of HIV transmission. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to compare demographic characteristics and social engagement of participants who had CLAI without PrEP or UVL to those who had not. Analyses were restricted to participants who reported sex with casual partners in the last 6 months. Results Among 509 participants who had casual partners in the last 6 months, 151 (29.7%) reported CLAI without PrEP or UVL. CLAI without PrEP or UVL was negatively associated with full-time employment, and recently being tested for HIV and was positively associated with experiencing discrimination based on sexual orientation. Social engagement with LGBTQ+ people was not associated with CLAI without PrEP or UVL. Conclusions CLAI without PrEP or UVL was not related to social connections with LGBTQ+ people but was more likely among Asian men who had experienced sexuality-related discrimination, suggesting that mitigating homophobia and biphobia may assist in improving HIV prevention among Asian GBMSM who live in Australia.
Spatial and temporal variation in the diet of introduced sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) in an alpine landscape
Authors: Quin Matthew J. , Morgan John W. , Murphy Nicholas P.
Published: September 2023

Context In south-eastern Australia, the abundance and distribution of non-native sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) has increased dramatically in alpine environments. As a result, significant concern surrounds the potential for the species to impact rare plant species and vegetation communities through browsing. Aims We aimed to determine the diversity of the plant species eaten by sambar deer in the Alpine National Park and to understand any spatial and temporal variation in deer diets. Methods We collected 90 sambar deer faecal pellet samples over a 3-month flowering period across two contrasting study sites with differing elevation, vegetation and underlying geology. We performed DNA sequencing using the ITS2 gene region and assigned dietary items to the lowest taxonomic level possible. The frequency of occurrence and sequencing read depth of each dietary item was calculated to investigate the diet of sambar deer at spatial and temporal scales, and dietary preferencing was assessed by comparing the frequency of occurrence of dietary items to the observation records for each dietary item in the study area. Key results We detected a total of 369 unique plant Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) from sambar deer faecal samples, representing 35 families and 80 genera. Considerable variation in the diet was observed over small spatial scales, and evidence of temporal diet variation was noted in one of the study sites. We detected Silky Snow-daisy (Celmisia sericophylla), which is currently listed as critically endangered under the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988, and Hawkweed (Pilosella spp.), a highly invasive, non-native taxon that is sparingly established in Alpine ecosystems. Conclusions Sambar deer displayed an intermediate feeder behaviour in alpine environments, foraging on a variety of forbs and shrubs, but forbs were the dominant dietary items. The spatial variation observed in the diet of sambar deer suggests that individual deer are unlikely to be dispersing widely while foraging. Implications Our results emphasise the need for careful evaluation of sambar deer impacts within individual sites and at small spatial scales. The detection of species of conservation significance in the diet indicates that the presence of sambar deer should be considered a significant risk to biodiversity in areas of high conservation value.
Nonequilibrium design strategies for functional colloidal assemblies
Authors: Das Avishek , Limmer David T.
Published: September 2023

We use a nonequilibrium variational principle to optimize the steady-state, shear-induced interconversion of self-assembled nanoclusters of DNA-coated colloids. Employing this principle within a stochastic optimization algorithm allows us to identify design strategies for functional materials. We find that far-from-equilibrium shear flow can significantly enhance the flux between specific colloidal states by decoupling trade-offs between stability and reactivity required by systems in equilibrium. For isolated nanoclusters, we find nonequilibrium strategies for amplifying transition rates by coupling a given reaction coordinate to the background shear flow. We also find that shear flow can be made to selectively break detailed balance and maximize probability currents by coupling orientational degrees of freedom to conformational transitions. For a microphase consisting of many nanoclusters, we study the flux of colloids hopping between clusters. We find that a shear flow can amplify the flux without a proportional compromise on the microphase structure. This approach provides a general means of uncovering design principles for nanoscale, autonomous, functional materials driven far from equilibrium.
Prevalence and predictors of wind energy opposition in North America
Authors: Stokes Leah C. , Franzblau Emma , Lovering Jessica R. , Miljanich Chris
Published: September 2023

Addressing climate change requires societies to transition away from fossil fuels toward low-carbon energy, including renewables. Unfortunately, large wind projects have proven politically controversial, with groups opposing them across advanced economies. To date, there are few large-scale, systematic studies to identify the prevalence and predictors of opposition to wind energy projects. Here, we analyzed a dataset of wind energy projects across the United States and Canada between 2000 and 2016. We found that during this period, in the United States, 17% of wind projects faced significant opposition, and in Canada, 18% faced opposition, with rates in both countries growing over time. Opposition was concentrated regionally in the Northeastern United States and in Ontario, Canada. In both countries, larger projects with more turbines were more likely to be opposed. In the United States, opposition was more likely and more intense in areas with a higher proportion of White people, and a smaller proportion of Hispanic people. In Canada, opposition was more likely and more intense in wealthier communities. The most common tactics used to oppose wind energy were court cases, legislation, and physical protests. The number of people engaging in opposition to wind projects is likely small: Across articles that cited the number of individuals engaging in protests, the median number was 23 in the United States and 34 in Canada. When wealthier, Whiter communities oppose wind projects, this slows down the transition away from fossil fuel projects in poorer communities and communities of color, an environmental injustice we call “energy privilege.”
Acknowledging more biodiversity without more species
Authors: Dufresnes Christophe , Poyarkov Nikolay , Jablonski Daniel
Published: September 2023

Delimiting and naming biodiversity is a vital step toward wildlife conservation and research. However, species delimitation must be consistent across biota so that the limited resources available for nature protection can be spent effectively and objectively. To date, newly discovered lineages typically are either left undescribed and thus remain unprotected or are being erroneously proposed as new species despite mixed evidence for completed speciation, in turn contributing to the emerging problem of taxonomic inflation. Inspired by recent conceptual and methodological progress, we propose a standardized workflow for species delimitation that combines phylogenetic and hybrid zone analyses of genomic datasets (“genomic taxonomy”), in which phylogeographic lineages that do not freely admix are ranked as species, while those that have remained fully genetically compatible are ranked as subspecies. In both cases, we encourage their formal taxonomic naming, diagnosis, and description to promote social awareness toward biodiversity. The use of loci throughout the genome overcomes the unreliability of widely used barcoding genes when phylogeographic patterns are complex, while the evaluation of divergence and reproductive isolation unifies the long-opposed concepts of lineage species and biological species. We suggest that a shift in conservation assessments from a single level (species) toward a two-level hierarchy (species and subspecies) will lead to a more balanced perception of biodiversity in which both intraspecific and interspecific diversity are valued and more adequately protected.
Growth mechanisms and anisotropic softness–dependent conductivity of orientation-controllable metal–organic framework nanofilms
Authors: Yao Ming-Shui , Otake Ken-ichi , Koganezawa Tomoyuki , Ogasawara Moe , Asakawa Hitoshi , Tsujimoto Masahiko , Xue Zi-Qian , Li Yan-Hong , Flanders Nathan C. , Wang Ping , Gu Yi-Fan , Honma Tetsuo , Kawaguchi Shogo , Kubota Yoshiki , Kitagawa Susumu
Published: September 2023

Conductive metal–organic frameworks (
c
MOFs) manifest great potential in modern electrical devices due to their porous nature and the ability to conduct charges in a regular network.
c
MOFs applied in electrical devices normally hybridize with other materials, especially a substrate. Therefore, the precise control of the interface between
c
MOF and a substrate is particularly crucial. However, the unexplored interface chemistry of
c
MOFs makes the controlled synthesis and advanced characterization of high-quality thin films, particularly challenging. Herein, we report the development of a simplified synthesis method to grow “face-on” and “edge-on”
c
MOF nanofilms on substrates, and the establishment of operando characterization methodology using atomic force microscopy and X-ray, thereby demonstrating the relationship between the soft structure of surface-mounted oriented networks and their characteristic conductive functions. As a result, crystallinity of
c
MOF nanofilms with a thickness down to a few nanometers is obtained, the possible growth mechanisms are proposed, and the interesting anisotropic softness–dependent conducting properties (over 2 orders of magnitude change) of the
c
MOF are also illustrated.
Human verifications: Computable with truth values outside logic
Authors: Johnson-Laird Philip N. , Byrne Ruth M. J. , Khemlani Sangeet S.
Published: September 2023

Cognitive scientists treat verification as a computation in which descriptions that match the relevant situation are true, but otherwise false. The claim is controversial: The logician Gödel and the physicist Penrose have argued that human verifications are not computable. In contrast, the theory of mental models treats verification as computable, but the two truth values of standard logics,
true
and
false
, as insufficient. Three online experiments (n = 208) examined participants’ verifications of disjunctive assertions about a location of an individual or a journey, such as: ‘You arrived at Exeter or Perth’. The results showed that their verifications depended on observation of a match with one of the locations but also on the status of other locations (Experiment 1). Likewise, when they reached one destination and the alternative one was impossible, their use of the truth value:
could be true and could be false
increased (Experiment 2). And, when they reached one destination and the only alternative one was possible, they used the truth value,
true and it couldn’t have been false
, and when the alternative one was impossible, they used the truth value:
true but it could have been false
(Experiment 3). These truth values and those for falsity embody counterfactuals. We implemented a computer program that constructs models of disjunctions, represents possible destinations, and verifies the disjunctions using the truth values in our experiments. Whether an awareness of a verification’s outcome is computable remains an open question.
Recirculated, recontextualized, reworked
Authors: Karagöz Selahattin
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores non-commercial translation
practices in video games with an expired shelf life in Turkey.
Pursuant to the paratextual analysis of fan material that
contextualizes the game or localization process, this chapter
concludes that the non-professional translators translate, circulate
and recontextualize the games regardless of their commercial value
and that it is their gaming capital that drives this specific form
of circulation.
Flowing to the reception side
Authors: Hu Bei
Published: September 2023

The empirical line of reception studies has
staked out new research questions regarding the effects of
translation on actual readers. Nevertheless, the underlying
mechanisms of how the translated text flows towards and is received
by the target reader remain elusive, notably with respect to
attempts to rationalise the individual reader’s decision-making in
compromising situations. Drawing on empirical evidence from a
quasi-experiment in which a group of 22 readers in Australia
responded to various translations of Chinese foreign affairs
discourses, this chapter illustrates how a nonlinear trade-off model
serves to explain the reader’s ultimate judgements in which
linguistic and ethical considerations are weighed against each
other. It is found that a pair of two incompatible but desirable
expectations is (un)consciously calculated by the reader. The extent
to which the translation can be accepted is susceptible to the
degree to which the reader trusts the translator.
‘I am his extension in the courtroom’
Authors: Singureanu Diana , Hieke Graham , Gough Joanna , Braun Sabine
Published: September 2023

The rapid growth of video-mediated interpreting (VMI)
during the Covid-19 pandemic has shifted the focus of research from
investigating the feasibility of VMI to developing a better understanding of
the factors that can contribute to sustaining it. Within legal settings, a
range of challenges has been identified, some of them specific to the actual
configuration of VMI that is used (especially the distribution of
participants). In this study we examine one particular configuration in
which a defendant takes part in the proceedings via video link from prison
whilst all other participants including the interpreter are physically
present in the courtroom. Drawing on observation and interview data, with a
focus on extradition court hearings, we examine the complexities of VMI in
this configuration, its main challenges, and the associated strategies
employed by the interpreters to cope with the demands of VMI.
Where is it all going? Technology, economic pressures and the future
of interpreting
Authors: Downie Jonathan
Published: September 2023

Not since the advent of simultaneous interpreting last
century has interpreting faced such seismic technological shifts. From the
growth of remote interpreting to the seemingly miraculous development of
automated speech translation, high-quality human interpreters seem to be
threatened with being further separated from the people they serve or even
being rendered entirely redundant.

Yet those are not the only futures on offer and, with
the US Bureau of Labor Statistics predicting a 20% growth in demand for
human interpreting between 2019 and 2029, the outlook for human interpreters
is much rosier than expected. This chapter therefore combines recent market
research on the need for interpreters and the economic factors that
determine their availability with a more realistic appraisal of the
capabilities of automated speech translation and new understandings of how
organisations can get the best results from interpreting. Taken together,
these three strands of research point to a real possibility for synergy
between human interpreting and automated speech translation, as well as a
more coherent integration of technological and human expertise throughout
the process of commissioning, delivering, and evaluating excellent
interpreting that enables truly equitable language access.

Yet the road to such synergy will involve humility and
sacrifice on all sides. It will involve a focus on real client needs over
pyrrhic public relations triumphs, a commitment to partnership over
replacement and an unprecedented openness with data. The alternative to such
co-operation is frustration on all sides, not least from those who rely on
interpreting to achieve their goals.
Activated Src kinase promotes cell cannibalism in Drosophila
Authors: Torres Alba Yurani , Nano Maddalena , Campanale Joseph P. , Deak Sierra , Montell Denise J.
Published: September 2023

Src family kinases (SFKs) are evolutionarily conserved proteins acting downstream of receptors and regulating cellular processes including proliferation, adhesion, and migration. Elevated SFK expression and activity correlate with progression of a variety of cancers. Here, using the Drosophila melanogaster border cells as a model, we report that localized activation of a Src kinase promotes an unusual behavior: engulfment of one cell by another. By modulating Src expression and activity in the border cell cluster, we found that increased Src kinase activity, either by mutation or loss of a negative regulator, is sufficient to drive one cell to engulf another living cell. We elucidate a molecular mechanism that requires integrins, the kinases SHARK and FAK, and Rho family GTPases, but not the engulfment receptor Draper. We propose that cell cannibalism is a result of aberrant phagocytosis, where cells with dysregulated Src activity fail to differentiate between living and dead or self versus non-self, thus driving this malignant behavior.
Dynamically Characterizing the Structures of Dirac Points via Wave Packets
Authors: Liang 梁 Dan-Dan 丹丹 , Shen 沈 Xin 鑫 , Li 李 Zhi 志
Published: September 2023

Topological non-trivial band structures are the core problem in the field of topological materials. We investigate the topological band structure in a system with controllable Dirac points from the perspective of wave packet dynamics. By adding a third-nearest-neighboring coupling to the graphene model, additional pairs of Dirac points emerge. The emergence and annihilation of Dirac points result in hybrid and parabolic points, and we show that these band structures can be revealed by the dynamical behaviors of wave packets. In particular, for the gapped hybrid point, the motion of the wave packet shows a one-dimensional Zitterbewegung motion. Furthermore, we also show that the winding number associated with the Dirac point and parabolic point can be determined via the center of mass and spin texture of wave packets, respectively. The results of this work could motivate new experimental methods to characterize a system’s topological signatures through wave packet dynamics, which may also find applications in systems of other exotic topological materials.
Initial conditions for GRMHD simulations of electroweak and QCD phase transitions in the early Universe
Authors: Barrera Joshua , Warren Aleisha , Garrison David
Published: September 2023

This work identifies the initial conditions of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of both the electroweak and quantum chromodynamic phase transitions. Each phase transition has a well known vacuum expectation value associated with it, which will be the starting point for each calculation. Energy, temperature, scale factor, Hubble parameter, time, thermal degrees of freedom, dark matter density, regular matter density and radiation density are the nine parameters that will be found for each phase transition. Some of the parameters are needed to calculate others, and some of the parameters are direct inputs required by our computer code. In addition, the magnitude of velocity variations as well as density and temperature perturbations is found using numerical simulations. The data generated by these inputs combined with the evolution equations can be analyzed to determine if the simulation conforms to the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) model and whether or not the hypothesized values are accurate.
Spherically-symmetric geometries in a matter reference frame as quantum gravity condensate microstates
Authors: Oriti Daniele , Wang Yi-Li
Published: September 2023

Candidate microstates of a spherically symmetric geometry are constructed in the group field theory formalism for quantum gravity, for models including both quantum geometric and scalar matter degrees of freedom. The latter are used as a material reference frame to define the spacetime localization of the various elements of quantum geometry. By computing quantum geometric observables, we then match the candidate quantum microstates with a spherically symmetric classical geometry, written in a suitable matter reference frame.
Enhanced dilepton emission from a phase transition in dense matter
Authors: Savchuk Oleh , Motornenko Anton , Steinheimer Jan , Vovchenko Volodymyr , Bleicher Marcus , Gorenstein Mark , Galatyuk Tetyana
Published: September 2023

It is demonstrated that the presence of a phase transition in heavy-ion collisions, at beam energies that probe dense quantum chromodynamics  (QCD) matter, leads to a significant enhancement of the dilepton yield at low invariant mass and requires the embedding of low beam energies per produced pion due to the extended emission time. In addition, the temperature of low-mass dileptons shows a modest decrease due to the mixed phase. The emission of dileptons in the SIS18–SIS100 beam energy range is studied by augmenting the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) transport model with a realistic density-dependent equation of state, as well as two different phase transitions. This is achieved by extending the molecular dynamics interaction part of the UrQMD model to a density-dependent interaction potential with a high-density minimum, leading to a phase transition and metastable coexisting high-density states. Together with a high-precision measurement, these simulations will be able to constrain the existence of a phase transition in QCD up to densities of several times nuclear saturation density.
First-principles study of electronic structure, sodium diffusion on 2D TiO2 monolayers for sodium-ion battery electrodes
Authors: Nabi Jawhar , Cui Enhao , Yao Xiaolong , Ouyang Fangping
Published: September 2023

The search for suitable electrode materials is crucial for the development of high-performance Na-ion batteries (NIBs). In recent years, significant attention has been drawn to two-dimensional (2D) oxides as potential NIB electrode materials. In this study, employing the first-principles density functional theory method, we investigate the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of Na adsorption and diffusion behavior on the 2D TiO2 (010) monolayer. Our findings demonstrate that the 2D anatase TiO2 (010) monolayer exhibits enhanced thermodynamic stability. Furthermore, the Na atoms preferentially adsorb on the top of oxygen atoms within the TiO2 (010) monolayer, and their diffusion along the [100] direction is characterized by a low energy barrier of 0.054 eV. This comprehensive analysis sheds light on the structural stability, preferred adsorption sites, and diffusion paths of Na atoms on the 2D anatase TiO2 (010) monolayer, providing valuable insights into the nature of the material’s structure and Na ion transport. Moreover, the 2D structure of the TiO2 matrix facilitates short Na diffusion lengths and a large electrode/electrolyte interface, thereby demonstrating the potential of this material as an NIB electrode material.
Electrical, thermal and thermoelectric transport in open long-range Kitaev chain
Authors: Banerjee Averi , Rahaman Sayeda Rafisa , Bondyopadhaya Nilanjan
Published: September 2023

We study electrical, thermal and thermoelectric transport in a hybrid device consisting of a long-range Kitaev (LRK) chain coupled to two metallic leads at two ends. Electrical and thermal currents are calculated in this device under both voltage and thermal bias conditions. We find that the transport characteristics of the LRK chain are distinguishably different from its short-range counterpart, which is well known for hosting zero energy Majorana edge modes under some specific range of values of the model parameters. The emergence of massive Dirac fermions, the absence of gap closing at the topological phase transition point and some special features of the energy spectrum which are unique to the LRK chain, significantly alter electrical/thermal current vs. voltage/temperature bias characteristics in comparison with that of the short-range Kitaev chain. These novel transport characteristics of the LRK model can be helpful in understanding nontrivial topological phases of the LRK chain.
ZnO tetrapod morphology influence on UV sensing properties
Authors: Ilickas Mindaugas , Mardosaite Rasa , Cesano Federico , Cravanzola Sara , Barolo Claudia , Scarano Domenica , Viscardi Guido , Rackauskas Simas
Published: September 2023

The aim of this work was to investigate how ZnO tetrapod (ZnO-T) morphology, structure, and surface charge properties (i.e. Debye length) influence their UV sensing properties, shedding light on the underlying photoresponse mechanisms. ZnO-Ts were synthesized and centrifuged to obtain three different fractions with tuned morphology, which were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy microscopies, x-ray diffraction analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurements, FTIR and UV–vis spectroscopies. ZnO-T UV sensors were fabricated and tested comparing among ZnO-T fractions and commercial ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO-T photoresponse was mostly influenced by ZnO-T leg diameter, with the optimal value close to the double Debye length. We also demonstrated how fractionating ZnO-Ts for morphology optimization can increased the responsivity by 2 orders of magnitude. Moreover, ZnO-T showed 3 orders of magnitude higher responsivity compared to commercial ZnO nanopowder. These results are beneficial for the engineering of efficient UV sensors and contribute to a deeper understanding the overall mechanism governing UV photoresponse.
Curing process monitoring of polymeric composites with Gramian angular field and transfer learning-boosted convolutional neural networks
Authors: Zhu Jianjian , Su Zhongqing , Wang Qingqing , Yu Yinghong , Wen Jinshan , Han Zhibin
Published: September 2023

Continuous and accurate monitoring of the degree of curing (DoC) is essential for ensuring the structural integrity of fabricated composites during service. Although machine learning (ML) has shown effectiveness in DoC monitoring, its generalization and extendibility are limited when applied to other curing-related scenarios not included in the previous learning process. To break through this bottleneck, we propose a novel DoC monitoring approach that utilizes transfer learning (TL)-boosted convolutional neural networks alongside Gramian angular field-based imaging processing. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated through experiments on metal/polymeric composite co-bonded structures and carbon fiber reinforced polymers using raw sensor data separately collected through the electromechanical impedance and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) measurements. Four indicators, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score are introduced to evaluate the performance of generalization and extendibility of the proposed approach. The indicator scores of the proposed approach exceed 0.9900 and outperform other conventional ML algorithms on the FBG dataset of the target domain, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach in reusing the pre-trained base model on the composite curing monitoring issues.
A randomized measurement toolbox for an interacting Rydberg-atom quantum simulator
Authors: Notarnicola Simone , Elben Andreas , Lahaye Thierry , Browaeys Antoine , Montangero Simone , Vermersch Benoît
Published: September 2023

We present a toolbox to probe quantum many-body states implemented on Rydberg-atoms quantum hardware via randomized measurements. We illustrate the efficacy of this measurement toolbox in the context of probing entanglement, via the estimation of the purity, and of verifying a ground-state preparation using measurements of the Hamiltonian variance. To achieve this goal, we develop and discuss in detail a protocol to realize independent, local unitary rotations. We benchmark the protocol by investigating the ground state of the one-dimensional Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model, recently realized on a chain of Rydberg atom, and the state resulting after a sudden quench in a staggeredXYchain. We probe the robustness of our toolbox by taking into account experimental imperfections, such as pulse fluctuations and measurement errors.
Using dark solitons from a Bose–Einstein condensate necklace to imprint soliton states in the spectral memory of a free boson gas
Authors: Dikandé Alain Moïse
Published: September 2023

A possible use of matter-wave dark-soliton crystal produced by a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) with ring geometry, to store soliton states in the quantum memory of a free boson gas, is explored. A self-defocusing nonlinearity combined with dispersion and the finite size of the BEC, favor the creation of dark-soliton crystals that imprint quantum states with Jacobi elliptic-type soliton wavefunctions in the spectrum of the free boson gas. The problem is formulated by considering the Gross–Pitaevskii equation with a positive scattering length, coupled to a linear Schrödinger equation for the free boson gas. With the help of the matter-wave dark soliton-crystal solution, the spectrum of bound states created in the free boson gas is shown to be determined by the Lamé eigenvalue problem. This spectrum consists of

quantum states whose wave functions and energy eigenvalues can be unambiguously identified. Among these eigenstates some have their wave functions that are replicas of the generating dark soliton crystal.