bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The p21-activated kinases in neural cytoskeletal remodeling and related neurological disorders
Authors: Zhang Kaifan , Wang Yan , Fan Tianda , Zeng Cheng , Sun Zhong Sheng
Published: December 2020

The serine/threonine p21-activated kinases (PAKs), as main effectors of the Rho GTPases Cdc42 and Rac, represent a group of important molecular switches linking the complex cytoskeletal networks to broad neural activity. PAKs show wide expression in the brain, but they differ in specific cell types, brain regions, and developmental stages. PAKs play an essential and differential role in controlling neural cytoskeletal remodeling and are related to the development and fate of neurons as well as the structural and functional plasticity of dendritic spines. PAK-mediated actin signaling and interacting functional networks represent a common pathway frequently affected in multiple neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Considering specific small-molecule agonists and inhibitors for PAKs have been developed in cancer treatment, comprehensive knowledge about the role of PAKs in neural cytoskeletal remodeling will promote our understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying neurological diseases, which may also represent potential therapeutic targets of these diseases.
Correlation Between Financial Toxicity, Quality of Life, and Patient Satisfaction in an Insured Population of Breast Cancer Surgical Patients: A Single-Institution Retrospective Study
Authors: Coroneos Christopher J. , Lin Yu-Li , Sidey-Gibbons Chris , Asaad Malke , Chin Brian , Boukovalas Stefanos , Roubaud Margaret S. , Miggins Makesha , Baumann Donald P. , Offodile Anaeze C.
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND:

The relationship between treatment-related, cost-associated distress “financial toxicity” (FT) and quality-of life (QOL) in breast cancer patients remains poorly characterized. This study leverages validated patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) to analyze the association between FT and QOL and satisfaction among women undergoing ablative breast cancer surgery.

STUDY DESIGN:

This is a single-institution cross-sectional survey of all female breast cancer patients (>18 years old) who underwent lumpectomy or mastectomy between January 2018 and June 2019. FT was measured via the 11-item COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity (COST) instrument. The BREAST-Q and SF-12 were used to asses condition-specific and global QOL, respectively. Responses were linked with demographic and clinical data. Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariable regression were used to examine associations.

RESULTS:

Our analytical sample consisted of 532 patients; mean age 58, mostly white (76.7%), employed (63.7%), married/committed (73.7%), with 64.3% undergoing reconstruction. Median household income was $80,000 to $120,000/year, and mean COST score was 28.0. After multivariable adjustment, a positive relationship for all outcomes was noted; lower COST (greater cost-associated distress) was associated with lower BREAST-Q and SF-12 scores. This relationship was strongest for BREAST-Q psychosocial well-being, for which we observed a 0.89 (95% CI 0.76–1.03) change per unit change in COST score.

CONCLUSIONS:

Financial toxicity captured in this study correlates with statistically significant and clinically important differences in BREAST-Q psychosocial well-being, patient satisfaction with reconstructed breasts, and SF-12 global mental and physical quality of life. Treatment costs should be included in the shared decision-making for breast cancer surgery. Future prospective outcomes research should integrate COST.
Images of Occupation in Dutch Film
Authors: Burke Wendy
Published: December 2020

The German occupation of the Netherlands during World War II left a lasting mark on Dutch memory and culture. This book is the first to explore depictions of that period in films made a generation later, between 1962 and 1986. As Dutch public opinion towards the war altered over the postwar decades, the historical trajectory of Dutch recovery and reconstruction-political, economic, and, most complicated of all, psychological-came to be revealed, often unconsciously, in the films of the period.
Elementary and Grammar Education in Late Medieval France
Authors: Lynch Sarah
Published: December 2020

The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries saw a marked increase in the availability of elementary and grammar education in Europe. In France, that rise took the form of a unique blend of trends also seen elsewhere in Europe, ranging from Church-dominated schools to independent schools and communal groups of teachers. Lyon, long a crossroad of ideas from north and south, was home to a particularly interesting blend of approaches, and in this book Sarah Lynch offers a close analysis of the educational landscape of the city, showing how schools and teachers were organised and how they interacted with each other and with ecclesiastical and municipal authorities.
May '68
Authors: Pagis Julie
Published: December 2020

Much as in other locations around the world, civil uprising, particularly rooted in the activism of young people and students, plagued France during May of 1968. Massive strikes and occupations succeeded in paralysing France's economy and bringing the country to the verge of a leftist revolution. This book studies the life trajectories of many ordinary protestors during the period, using statistics and personal narratives to analyse how this activism arose, its impact on people's personal and professional lives, and its transmission through familial generations.
A Credibility-Backed Norm for Testimony
Authors: Weiner Matt
Published: December 2020

I propose that testimony is subject to a norm that is backed by a credibility sanction: whenever the norm is violated, it is appropriate for the testifier to lose some credibility for their future testimony. This is one of a family of sanction-based norms, where violation of the norm makes it appropriate to lose some power; in this case, the power to induce belief through testimony. The applicability of the credibility norm to testimony follows from the epistemology of testimony, in that false or unjustified testimony weakens the reason for belief that is provided by the speaker's future testimony.
ON THE SUM OF PARTS IN THE PARTITIONS OF n INTO DISTINCT PARTS
Authors: MERCA MIRCEA
Published: December 2020

We investigate the sum of the parts in all the partitions of n into distinct parts and give two infinite families of linear inequalities involving this sum. The results can be seen as new connections between partitions and divisors.
Maize grain and straw yields over 14 consecutive years in burned and mulched Mucuna pruriens var. utilis and Pueraria phaseoloides relay cropping systems
Authors: Hauser Stefan , Henrot Jacqueline , Korie Samuel
Published: December 2020

The cover crops Mucuna pruriens var. utilis and Pueraria phaseoloides were introduced to African farmers to improve crop production on degraded soils, yet they appear not to be adopted at scale. In the humid forest zone of West and Central Africa, the dominant Acrisols and Nitisols are inherently poor even when not degraded through agriculture. In this zone, sole maize cropping and vegetable production systems are gaining importance, yet both suffer from nutrient deficiencies. Cover crops were often introduced along with a system change, requiring biomass retention, mainly for nutrient retention reasons. Farmers in the zone commonly use slash and burn systems due to added weed control and ease of operations on clean fields. This study evaluated mucuna and pueraria with and without burning the fallow biomass in an annual sole maize crop relay system against the burned and retained natural fallow. Over 14 consecutive years, biomass burning did not cause lower maize grain yields in any of the fallow types, on the contrary, the economically important marketable cob yields were higher when biomass was burned (mulched 2.10 cobs m−2 vs. 2.26 cobs m−2 when burned, p < 0.07). After cover crop fallow, maize grain yields were significantly higher than after natural fallow (1.92 Mg ha−1) over the 14 years, with maize yields in the pueraria treatment (2.63 Mg ha−1) out yielding those in the mucuna treatment (2.28 Mg ha−1). Maize produced 1.92 cobs m−2 in natural fallow, significantly less than in the mucuna (2.23 m−2, p < 0.013) and the pueraria (2.39 m−2, p < 0.001) fallow. Introducing mucuna or pueraria cover crops into slash and burn systems appears as a suitable measure to increase yields without changing the land preparation approach.
RATIO ESTIMATION OF THE POPULATION MEAN USING AUXILIARY INFORMATION UNDER THE OPTIMAL SAMPLING DESIGN
Authors: Long Chunxian , Chen Wangxue , Yang Rui , Yao Dongsen
Published: December 2020

Cost-effective sampling design is a problem of major concern in some experiments especially when the measurement of the characteristic of interest is costly or painful or time-consuming. In this article, we investigate ratio-type estimators of the population mean of the study variable, involving either the first or the third quartile of the auxiliary variable, using ranked set sampling (RSS) and extreme ranked set sampling (ERSS) schemes. The properties of the estimators are obtained. The estimators in RSS and ERSS are compared to their counterparts in simple random sampling (SRS) for normal data. The numerical results show that the estimators in RSS and ERSS are significantly more efficient than their counterparts in SRS.
Near-perfect clique-factors in sparse pseudorandom graphs
Authors: Han Jie , Kohayakawa Yoshiharu , Person Yury
Published: December 2020

We prove that, for any $t \ge 3$, there exists a constant c = c(t) > 0 such that any d-regular n-vertex graph with the second largest eigenvalue in absolute value λ satisfying $\lambda \le c{d^{t - 1}}/{n^{t - 2}}$ contains vertex-disjoint copies of kt covering all but at most ${n^{1 - 1/(8{t^4})}}$ vertices. This provides further support for the conjecture of Krivelevich, Sudakov and Szábo (Combinatorica24 (2004), pp. 403–426) that (n, d, λ)-graphs with n ∈ 3ℕ and $\lambda \le c{d^2}/n$ for a suitably small absolute constant c > 0 contain triangle-factors. Our arguments combine tools from linear programming with probabilistic techniques, and apply them in a certain weighted setting. We expect this method will be applicable to other problems in the field.
Errorless Psychomotor Training Modulates Visuomotor Behaviors Among Older Adults
Authors: Fan Mengjiao , Wong Thomson W. L.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. This study investigated whether errorless psychomotor training with psychological manipulation could modify visuomotor behaviors in an everyday reaching motor task for older adults, and whether its benefits could be transferrable. A group of 36 older adults (mean age = 71.06, SD = 5.29) were trained on a reaching motor task (lifting a handled mug to a target) utilizing errorless, errorful, or normal psychomotor training. Results indicated that errorless psychomotor training decreased the reaching distance away from the target and the jerkiness of acceleration during the reaching task and transfer test. Errorless psychomotor training also reduced the duration of gaze fixation as well as horizontal and vertical eye activity. Our findings implicated that errorless psychomotor training could improve movement accuracy and alleviate movement variability during reaching by older adults.
Steep Glacier Bed Knickpoints Mitigate Inland Thinning in Greenland
Authors: Felikson Denis , A. Catania Ginny , Bartholomaus Timothy C. , Morlighem Mathieu , Noël Brice P. Y.
Published: December 2020

Greenland’s outlet glaciers have been a leading source of mass loss and accompanying sea‐level rise from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) over the last 25 years. The dynamic component of outlet glacier mass loss depends on both the ice flux through the terminus and the inland extent of glacier thinning, initiated at the ice‐ocean interface. Here, we find limits to the inland spread of thinning that initiates at glacier termini for 141 ocean‐terminating outlet glaciers around the GrIS. Inland diffusion of thinning is limited by steep reaches of bed topography that we call “knickpoints.” We show that knickpoints exist beneath the majority of outlet glaciers but they are less steep in regions of gentle bed topography, giving glaciers in gentle bed topography the potential to contribute to ongoing and future mass loss from the GrIS by allowing the diffusion of thinning far into the ice sheet interior.
Hydrologic‐Economic Trade‐offs in Groundwater Allocation Policy Design
Authors: Young Richael , Foster Timothy , Mieno Taro , Valocchi Albert , Brozović Nicholas
Published: December 2020

A common environmental externality of groundwater pumping is streamflow depletion. To manage impacts of groundwater pumping on hydrologically connected surface water systems, regulators often impose quotas, or allocations, limiting the rates of groundwater extraction. Allocations vary in their temporal flexibility, ranging from single‐year “hard caps” to multi‐year “soft caps”. Soft cap allocations allow greater flexibility for farmers, the primary users of groundwater, to adjust irrigation rates from one year to another, potentially providing greater resilience to drought but also altering hydrologic impacts of pumping. In this study, we integrate agronomic, economic, and hydrologic models to evaluate optimal irrigation decisions for a range of equivalent hard and soft cap limits, and assess trade‐offs between the resulting economic (farm profitability) and hydrologic (stream depletion) outcomes. Soft cap allocation policies consistently outperform equivalent hard caps in terms of greater farm profitability and reduced production risks. However, the economic benefits of soft caps come at the cost of higher peak and cumulative rates of streamflow depletion, with the magnitude of differences dependent on aquifer properties, well location, and the length of the soft cap allocation period. Our findings suggest that the optimal allocation design will depend on competing socioeconomic and environmental objectives, and, in some instances, may require a blended approach to efficiently achieve desired management goals.
Longitudinal pathways of cerebrospinal fluid and positron emission tomography biomarkers of amyloid-β positivity
Authors: Sala Arianna , Nordberg Agneta , Rodriguez-Vieitez Elena ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2020

Mismatch between CSF and PET amyloid-β biomarkers occurs in up to ≈20% of preclinical/prodromal Alzheimer’s disease individuals. Factors underlying mismatching results remain unclear. In this study we hypothesized that CSF/PET discordance provides unique biological/clinical information. To test this hypothesis, we investigated non-demented and demented participants with CSF amyloid-β42 and [18F]Florbetapir PET assessments at baseline (n = 867) and at 2-year follow-up (n = 289). Longitudinal trajectories of amyloid-β positivity were tracked simultaneously for CSF and PET biomarkers. In the longitudinal cohort (n = 289), we found that participants with normal CSF/PET amyloid-β biomarkers progressed more frequently toward CSF/PET discordance than to full CSF/PET positivity (χ2(1) = 5.40; p < 0.05). Progression to CSF+/PET+ status was ten times more frequent in cases with discordant biomarkers, as compared to csf−/pet− cases (χ2(1) = 18.86; p < 0.001). Compared to the CSF+/pet− group, the csf−/PET+ group had lower APOE-ε4ε4 prevalence (χ2(6) = 197; p < 0.001; n = 867) and slower rate of brain amyloid-β accumulation (F(3,600) = 12.76; p < 0.001; n = 608). These results demonstrate that biomarker discordance is a typical stage in the natural history of amyloid-β accumulation, with CSF or PET becoming abnormal first and not concurrently. Therefore, biomarker discordance allows for identification of individuals with elevated risk of progression toward fully abnormal amyloid-β biomarkers, with subsequent risk of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Our results also suggest that there are two alternative pathways (“CSF-first” vs. “PET-first”) toward established amyloid-β pathology, characterized by different genetic profiles and rates of amyloid-β accumulation. In conclusion, CSF and PET amyloid-β biomarkers provide distinct information, with potential implications for their use as biomarkers in clinical trials.
HPV E7-mediated NCAPH ectopic expression regulates the carcinogenesis of cervical carcinoma via PI3K/AKT/SGK pathway
Authors: Wang Meng , Qiao Xiaowen , Cooper Tamara , Pan Wei , Liu Liang , Hayball John , Lin Jiaxiang , Cui Xiujie , Zhou Yabin , Zhang Shule , Zou Ying , Zhang Ranran , Wang Xiao
Published: December 2020

Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological tumors in the world, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is its causative agent. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer still require clarification. Here we found that knockdown of Non-SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) condensin I complex subunit H (NCAPH) gene expression significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cervical cancer cells in vitro, and restrained xenograft tumor formation in vivo. Intriguingly, HPV E7 could form a positive feedback loop with NCAPH. E7 upregulated NCAPH gene expression via E2F1 which initiated NCAPH transcription by binding to its promoter directly. Silencing of NCAPH reduced E7 transcription via promoting the transition of AP-1 heterodimer from c-Fos/c-Jun to Fra-1/c-Jun. Moreover, the E7-mediated NCAPH overexpression was involved in the activation of the PI3K/AKT/SGK signaling pathway. In vivo, NCAPH expression in cervical cancer tissues was significantly higher than which in normal cervix and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) tissues, and its expression was significantly correlated with tumor size, depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis. Patients with high NCAPH expression had a significantly better survival outcomes than those with low-expression, suggesting that NCAPH-induced cell proliferation might sensitize cancer cells to adjuvant therapy. In conclusion, our results revealed the role of NCAPH in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo. The interaction between E7 and NCAPH expands the mechanism of HPV induced tumorigenesis and that of host genes regulating HPV E7.
Open database analysis of scaling and spatio-temporal properties of power grid frequencies
Authors: Rydin Gorjão Leonardo , Jumar Richard , Maass Heiko , Hagenmeyer Veit , Yalcin G. Cigdem , Kruse Johannes , Timme Marc , Beck Christian , Witthaut Dirk , Schäfer Benjamin
Published: December 2020

The electrical energy system has attracted much attention from an increasingly diverse research community. Many theoretical predictions have been made, from scaling laws of fluctuations to propagation velocities of disturbances. However, to validate any theory, empirical data from large-scale power systems are necessary but are rarely shared openly. Here, we analyse an open database of measurements of electric power grid frequencies across 17 locations in 12 synchronous areas on three continents. The power grid frequency is of particular interest, as it indicates the balance of supply and demand and carries information on deterministic, stochastic, and control influences. We perform a broad analysis of the recorded data, compare different synchronous areas and validate a previously conjectured scaling law. Furthermore, we show how fluctuations change from local independent oscillations to a homogeneous bulk behaviour. Overall, the presented open database and analyses constitute a step towards more shared, collaborative energy research.
Deep learning-based cross-classifications reveal conserved spatial behaviors within tumor histological images
Authors: Noorbakhsh Javad , Farahmand Saman , Foroughi pour Ali , Namburi Sandeep , Caruana Dennis , Rimm David , Soltanieh-ha Mohammad , Zarringhalam Kourosh , Chuang Jeffrey H.
Published: December 2020

Histopathological images are a rich but incompletely explored data type for studying cancer. Manual inspection is time consuming, making it challenging to use for image data mining. Here we show that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can be systematically applied across cancer types, enabling comparisons to reveal shared spatial behaviors. We develop CNN architectures to analyze 27,815 hematoxylin and eosin scanned images from The Cancer Genome Atlas for tumor/normal, cancer subtype, and mutation classification. Our CNNs are able to classify TCGA pathologist-annotated tumor/normal status of whole slide images (WSIs) in 19 cancer types with consistently high AUCs (0.995 ± 0.008), as well as subtypes with lower but significant accuracy (AUC 0.87 ± 0.1). Remarkably, tumor/normal CNNs trained on one tissue are effective in others (AUC 0.88 ± 0.11), with classifier relationships also recapitulating known adenocarcinoma, carcinoma, and developmental biology. Moreover, classifier comparisons reveal intra-slide spatial similarities, with an average tile-level correlation of 0.45 ± 0.16 between classifier pairs. Breast cancers, bladder cancers, and uterine cancers have spatial patterns that are particularly easy to detect, suggesting these cancers can be canonical types for image analysis. Patterns for TP53 mutations can also be detected, with WSI self- and cross-tissue AUCs ranging from 0.65-0.80. Finally, we comparatively evaluate CNNs on 170 breast and colon cancer images with pathologist-annotated nuclei, finding that both cellular and intercellular regions contribute to CNN accuracy. These results demonstrate the power of CNNs not only for histopathological classification, but also for cross-comparisons to reveal conserved spatial behaviors across tumors.
Quantifying accuracy and heterogeneity in single-molecule super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Mazidi Hesam , Ding Tianben , Nehorai Arye , Lew Matthew D.
Published: December 2020

The resolution and accuracy of single-molecule localization microscopes (SMLMs) are routinely benchmarked using simulated data, calibration rulers, or comparisons to secondary imaging modalities. However, these methods cannot quantify the nanoscale accuracy of an arbitrary SMLM dataset. Here, we show that by computing localization stability under a well-chosen perturbation with accurate knowledge of the imaging system, we can robustly measure the confidence of individual localizations without ground-truth knowledge of the sample. We demonstrate that our method, termed Wasserstein-induced flux (WIF), measures the accuracy of various reconstruction algorithms directly on experimental 2D and 3D data of microtubules and amyloid fibrils. We further show that WIF confidences can be used to evaluate the mismatch between computational models and imaging data, enhance the accuracy and resolution of reconstructed structures, and discover hidden molecular heterogeneities. As a computational methodology, WIF is broadly applicable to any SMLM dataset, imaging system, and localization algorithm.
High-resolution ex vivo NMR spectroscopy of human Z α1-antitrypsin
Authors: Jagger Alistair M. , Waudby Christopher A. , Irving James A. , Christodoulou John , Lomas David A.
Published: December 2020

Genetic mutations predispose the serine protease inhibitor α1-antitrypsin to misfolding and polymerisation within hepatocytes, causing liver disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This misfolding occurs via a transiently populated intermediate state, but our structural understanding of this process is limited by the instability of recombinant α1-antitrypsin variants in solution. Here we apply NMR spectroscopy to patient-derived samples of α1-antitrypsin at natural isotopic abundance to investigate the consequences of disease-causing mutations, and observe widespread chemical shift perturbations for methyl groups in Z AAT (E342K). By comparison with perturbations induced by binding of a small-molecule inhibitor of misfolding we conclude that they arise from rapid exchange between the native conformation and a well-populated intermediate state. The observation that this intermediate is stabilised by inhibitor binding suggests a paradoxical approach to the targeted treatment of protein misfolding disorders, wherein the stabilisation of disease-associated states provides selectivity while inhibiting further transitions along misfolding pathways.
Automation and control of laser wakefield accelerators using Bayesian optimization
Authors: Shalloo R. J. , Dann S. J. D. , Gruse J.-N. , Underwood C. I. D. , Antoine A. F. , Arran C. , Backhouse M. , Baird C. D. , Balcazar M. D. , Bourgeois N. , Cardarelli J. A. , Hatfield P. , Kang J. , Krushelnick K. , Mangles S. P. D. , Murphy C. D. , Lu N. , Osterhoff J. , Põder K. , Rajeev P. P. , Ridgers C. P. , Rozario S. , Selwood M. P. , Shahani A. J. , Symes D. R. , Thomas A. G. R. , Thornton C. , Najmudin Z. , Streeter M. J. V.
Published: December 2020

Laser wakefield accelerators promise to revolutionize many areas of accelerator science. However, one of the greatest challenges to their widespread adoption is the difficulty in control and optimization of the accelerator outputs due to coupling between input parameters and the dynamic evolution of the accelerating structure. Here, we use machine learning techniques to automate a 100 MeV-scale accelerator, which optimized its outputs by simultaneously varying up to six parameters including the spectral and spatial phase of the laser and the plasma density and length. Most notably, the model built by the algorithm enabled optimization of the laser evolution that might otherwise have been missed in single-variable scans. Subtle tuning of the laser pulse shape caused an 80% increase in electron beam charge, despite the pulse length changing by just 1%.
Structure-based dynamic analysis of the glycine cleavage system suggests key residues for control of a key reaction step
Authors: Zhang Han , Li Yuchen , Nie Jinglei , Ren Jie , Zeng An-Ping
Published: December 2020

Molecular shuttles play decisive roles in many multi-enzyme systems such as the glycine cleavage system (GCS) for one-carbon (C1) metabolism. In GCS, a lipoate swinging arm containing an aminomethyl moiety is attached to protein H and serves as a molecular shuttle among different proteins. Protection of the aminomethyl moiety in a cavity of protein H and its release induced by protein T are key processes but barely understood. Here, we present a detailed structure-based dynamic analysis of the induced release of the lipoate arm of protein H. Based on molecular dynamics simulations of interactions between proteins H and T, four major steps of the release process showing significantly different energy barriers and time scales can be distinguished. Mutations of a key residue, Ser-67 in protein H, led to a bidirectional tuning of the release process. This work opens ways to target C1 metabolism in biomedicine and the utilization of formate and CO2for biosynthesis.
Applications for Mass Spectrometry-based Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics in Precision Medicine
Authors: Banerjee Sara L. , Dionne Ugo , Osornio-Hernandez Ana I. , Bisson Nicolas
Published: December 2020

Proteins are the main effectors of cellular phenotypes. Aberrant protein functions dictate disease onset and progression. The precise and reproducible quantification of proteins and posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, remains a challenge. A number of mass spectrometry (MS) methods allow the high-throughput characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome in normal and disease patient samples with unprecedented depth, thus showing promise for precision medicine. This chapter reviews currently available MS technologies for protein and PTM quantification and discusses improvements in the preparation of human biological samples for MS analysis. Key publications that advanced the utilization of MS for the molecular profiling of cancer patients' samples are also highlighted. Finally, remaining challenges for integrating MS-based proteomics and phosphoproteomics with other omics, clinical and imaging data to improve precision medicine approaches are discussed.
Cell and Immune Therapy
Authors: Wijanarko Kevin , Wang Meijun , Chow Kwan T.
Published: December 2020

The importance of the immune system in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases is a field of intense study. Efforts to modulate immune responses via cytokines in cancer therapy has been tried since the 1980s, but only recently have immunotherapies played a more substantial role in oncology. Within the last decade, the adoption of checkpoint inhibitors in clinical use has become one of the greatest success stories from the field. However, many other therapeutic avenues are also being actively researched, including CAR-T cell immunotherapies as well as dendritic cell vaccines. An often-reported weakness with immunotherapies is their efficacy in only a small proportion of individuals as well as severe side effects. The increasing research on precision medicine and combination therapies allow for patient-targeted immunotherapeutic regimens to be developed to minimize adverse reactions and increase their efficacy. As next-generation sequencing also becomes increasingly more accessible and affordable, the potential of developing patient-tailored personalised therapies becomes more promising. With the increasing integration of immunotherapies into mainstream oncology, increased focus on patient targeting based on precision medicine will hopefully push immunotherapies to become well-tolerated and effective agents in the coming decades.
CO2 switchable deep eutectic solvents for reversible emulsion phase separation
Authors: Liu Feijie , Xue Zhimin , Lan Xue , Liu Zhenghui , Mu Tiancheng
Published: December 2020

CO2 switchable imidazole-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were formed and used for reversible phase separation of emulsions generated between DESs and oil.
A highly stable CoMo2S4/Ni3S2 heterojunction electrocatalyst for efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Minmin , Zhang Mengke , Song Wenwu , Zhong Weiting , Wang Xunyue , Wang Jin , Sun Tongming , Tang Yanfeng
Published: December 2020

A CoMo2S4/Ni3S2 heterojunction is prepared with an overpotential of only 51 mV to drive a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH solution and ∼100% of the potential remains in the ∼50 h chronopotentiometric curve at 10 mA cm−2.
Electrochemical access to benzimidazolone and quinazolinone derivatives via in situ generation of isocyanates
Authors: Saha Debarshi , Taily Irshad Maajid , Naik Sumitra , Banerjee Prabal
Published: December 2020

Electrochemical in situ generation of isocyanates and their further exploitation to diverse heterocyclic scaffolds has been disclosed.
A lead-free bismuth iodide organic–inorganic ferroelectric semiconductor
Authors: Liu Yu-Hua , Peng Hang , Liao Wei-Qiang
Published: December 2020

[1,4-butanediammonium]BiI5 is a lead-free organic–inorganic ferroelectric semiconductor showing a high Curie temperature and a small band gap.
The rational design of Li-doped nitrogen adsorbents for natural gas purification
Authors: He Jialuo , Mousavi Seyed Hesam , Li Guoliang , Li Zhikao , Mokarizadeh Abdol Hadi , Shang Jin , May Eric F. , Li Gang (Kevin)
Published: December 2020

Lithium (Li)-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons showed a high potential for N2removal from natural gas. Li doping significantly increases the gas adsorption energies resulting in considerable N2adsorption selectivity.
Raman spectroscopic insights into the glass transition of poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Bertoldo Menezes D. , Reyer A. , Benisek A. , Dachs E. , Pruner C. , Musso M.
Published: December 2020

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a very versatile polymer which is used as a glass substitute or as an economical alternative to polycarbonate for many types of important applications, due to its particular physical properties.
[FeFe]-Hydrogenases: maturation and reactivity of enzymatic systems and overview of biomimetic models
Authors: Kleinhaus Julian T. , Wittkamp Florian , Yadav Shanika , Siegmund Daniel , Apfel Ulf-Peter
Published: December 2020

[FeFe]-hydrogenases recieved increasing interest in the last decades. This review summarises important findings regarding their enzymatic reactivity as well as inorganic models applied as electro- and photochemical catalysts.
Malleable and thermally recyclable polyurethane foam
Authors: Wang Xiang-Zhao , Lu Meng-Shi , Zeng Jian-Bing , Weng Yunxuan , Li Yi-Dong
Published: December 2020

Malleable polyurethane (PU) foams bearing disulfide bond were fabricated using conventional foaming technology and could be thermally recycled into PU films through compression molding.
Targeting Nsp9 as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 strategy
Authors: Farias André B. , Candiotto Graziâni , Siragusa Lydia , Goracci Laura , Cruciani Gabriele , Oliveira Edson R. A. , Horta Bruno A. C.
Published: December 2020

Non-structural protein 9 (Nsp9) plays a key role in viral replication of coronavirus and represents a promising target for anti-SARS-CoV-2 strategies.
π-Conjugation effect on the aggregation-induced emission of extended viologens
Authors: Tonga Murat
Published: December 2020

The aggregation-induced emission properties of extended viologens, particularly the effect of π-conjugation, were methodically studied.
Ruthenium nanodendrites on reduced graphene oxide: an efficient water and 4-nitrophenol reduction catalyst
Authors: Barman Barun Kumar , Sarkar Bidushi , Nandan Ravi , Nanda Karuna Kar
Published: December 2020

A green and efficient protocol is reported for the elegant design of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-supported Ru nanodendrites for promotion of electrochemical water reduction in a wide pH range as well as for environmental remediation.
A new molecular design platform for high-performance polymers from versatile bio-based tyramine: a case study of tyramine-derived phthalonitrile resin
Authors: Chen Menghao , He Xian , Guo Yuhang , Hu Jianghuai , Liang Bo , Zeng Ke , Yang Gang
Published: December 2020

Tyramine was first introduced into high-performance polymers as a promising monomer platform; the derived phthalonitrile resin exhibits excellent thermal stability and a high Tg value.
Templated approach to well-defined, oxidatively coupled conjugated polymers
Authors: Pahlavanlu Paniz , Cheng Susan , Battaglia Alicia M. , Hicks Garion E. J. , Jarrett-Wilkins Charles N. , Evariste Sloane , Seferos Dwight S.
Published: December 2020

Templated oxidative polymerization affords organic soluble, oxidatively doped PEDOT-based polymers with controlled molecular weights and low dispersities (Đ ∼ 1.2) for the first time.
Topochemical conversion of the discontinuous-zone-axis to form bismuth titanate oriented polycrystal nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Yan , Yang Dandan , Yao Minggang , Li Lijie , Huang Zhuonan , Zhang Wenxiong , Han Yinfeng , Sewvandi Galhenage Asha , Feng Qi , Hu Dengwei
Published: December 2020

A topochemical transformation of discontinuous band axis has been found in the preparation of bismuth titanate.
Perspective on the synergistic effect of chalcogenide multiphases in sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Zhexuan , Qin Mulan , Guo Shan , Li Canpeng , Su Qiong , Cao Xinxin , Fang Guozhao , Liang Shuquan
Published: December 2020

We have highlighted the importance of chalcogenides multiphase in SIBs, focusing on synergistic effect between phases. For the unsolved issues, perspectives are provided to improve the further development of high-performance, low-cost energy storage.
Hydroxy-bridged resting states of a [NiFe]-hydrogenase unraveled by cryogenic vibrational spectroscopy and DFT computations
Authors: Caserta Giorgio , Pelmenschikov Vladimir , Lorent Christian , Tadjoung Waffo Armel F. , Katz Sagie , Lauterbach Lars , Schoknecht Janna , Wang Hongxin , Yoda Yoshitaka , Tamasaku Kenji , Kaupp Martin , Hildebrandt Peter , Lenz Oliver , Cramer Stephen P. , Zebger Ingo
Published: December 2020

Active site vibrations of a [NiFe]-hydrogenase catalytic subunit are selectively probed by IR and NRV spectroscopy in two NiIIFeII and NiIIIFeII resting states, contributing in combination with DFT modeling to rationalized structural candidates.
Explainable artificial intelligence for heart rate variability in ECG signal
Authors: K. Sanjana , V. Sowmya , E.A. Gopalakrishnan , K.P. Soman
Published: December 2020

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is one of the most reliable methods to analyse the cardiovascular system. In the literature, there are different deep learning architectures proposed to detect various types of tachycardia diseases, such as atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation, and sinus tachycardia. Even though all types of tachycardia diseases have fast beat rhythm as the common characteristic feature, existing deep learning architectures are trained with the corresponding disease‐specific features. Most of the proposed works lack the interpretation and understanding of the results obtained. Hence, the objective of this letter is to explore the features learned by the deep learning models. For the detection of the different types of tachycardia diseases, the authors used a transfer learning approach. In this method, the model is trained with one of the tachycardia diseases called atrial fibrillation and tested with other tachycardia diseases, such as ventricular fibrillation and sinus tachycardia. The analysis was done using different deep learning models, such as RNN, LSTM, GRU, CNN, and RSCNN. RNN achieved an accuracy of 96.47% for atrial fibrillation data set, 90.88% accuracy for CU‐ventricular tachycardia data set, and also achieved an accuracy of 94.71, and 94.18% for MIT‐BIH malignant ventricular ectopy database for ECG lead I and lead II, respectively. The RNN model could only achieve an accuracy of 23.73% for the sinus tachycardia data set. A similar trend is shown by other models. From the analysis, it was evident that even though tachycardia diseases have fast beat rhythm as their common feature, the model was not able to detect different types of tachycardia diseases. The deep learning model could only detect atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation and failed in the case of sinus tachycardia. From the analysis, they were able to interpret that, along with the fast beat rhythm, the model has learned the absence of P‐wave which is a common feature for ventricular fibrillation and atrial fibrillation but sinus tachycardia disease has an upright positive P‐wave. The time‐based analysis is conducted to find the time complexity of the models. The analysis conveyed that RNN and RSCNN models could achieve better performance with lesser time complexity.
Risk‐constrained offering strategies for a large‐scale price‐maker electric vehicle demand aggregator
Authors: Hossein Abbasi Mohammad , Taki Mehrdad , Rajabi Amin , Li Li , Zhang Jiangfeng
Published: December 2020

In this study, the problem of an electric vehicle (EV) aggregator participating in a three‐settlement pool‐based market is presented. In addition to energy procurement, it is assumed that EVs can sell electricity back to the markets. In order to obtain optimised solutions, the aggregator is considered as a price‐maker agent who tries to minimise the cost of purchasing energy from the markets by offering price‐energy bids in the day‐ahead market and only energy bids in both adjustment and balancing markets. Since the problem is heavily constrained by equality constraints, the number of binary variables for a 24‐hour market horizon is too large which leads to intractability when solved by traditional mathematical algorithms like the interior point. Therefore, an evolutionary metaheuristic algorithm based on genetic algorithms (GAs) is proposed to deal with the intractability. In this regard, first, the stochastic problem is formulated as a mixed‐integer linear programming problem, and as a non‐linear programming problem to be solved by CPLEX and GA, respectively. The former is used to ensure that the GA is tuned properly, and helps to avoid converging to local extremums. Furthermore, the solutions of the two formulations are compared in simulations to demonstrate GA could be faster in obtaining better results.
Fault detection and analysis of capacitive components of capacitive voltage transformer
Authors: Xuan Haizhen , Wen Caiquan , Song Yongjia , Wei Xin
Published: December 2020

Capacitor voltage transformer (hereinafter referred to as CVT) with the growth of the capacitance of the operation period of aging, the phenomenon of breakdown, resulting in measurement, automation, protection and other equipment abnormalities. Under the influence of preventive test procedures, lack of accuracy, insufficient capacity, low test voltage, the preventive test project can not detect the initial failure of the capacitor and the breakdown of a few capacitor elements. The operating voltage as reference voltage, estimate feasibility analysis of CVT capacitor element of the state by the state of the secondary voltage, and through the field, find out more abnormal CVT can achieve CVT capacitor element of online monitoring function is proposed.
Analysis on Costumers of Red APP
Authors: Man Shuya
Published: December 2020

With the popularization and development of the Internet, the Internet has become the daily needs of people. Life shopping software, as a network accessory, is becoming an important part of people’s lives. The reason why Red APP is so successful, in addition to the advantages of the product itself, its customer pertinence is also inseparable. Red APP delivers its products to the audience through its unique and cordial operation method, allowing audiences to share their lives with each other and resonate, to feel the sense of participation and the joy of pursuing a refined life. The article first interprets the indicators of Red APP, and then analyzes the characteristics of its users from different perspectives.
Analysis of the Agricultural Product Live Broadcasting Selling Industry in the Era of Big Data
Authors: Zhu Xingda
Published: December 2020

During the coronavirus outbreak, many agricultural products are unsalable in China. In the era of big data, the live broadcasting selling of agricultural products has attracted more and more attention as a new medium of marketing. Farmers, Internet celebrities, and even government officials sell agricultural products on the live broadcasting, allowing various types of agricultural products to be sold throughout the country, which promoted the development of the agricultural live broadcasting selling industry and sped up economic recovery. This article discusses the current situation of live broadcasting of agricultural products, including their advantages, problems, and prospects, combined with actual live broadcasting cases and data, in order to provide references for other industries.
Comparison of ARIMA, ANN and LSTM for Stock Price Prediction
Authors: Ma Qihang
Published: December 2020

The prediction of stock prices has always been a hot topic of research. However, the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model commonly used and artificial neural networks (ANN) still have their own advantages and disadvantages. The use of long short-term memory (LSTM) networks model for prediction also shows interesting possibilities. This article compares three models specifically through the analysis of the principles of the three models and the prediction results. In the end, it is believed that the LSTM model may have the best predictive ability, but it is greatly affected by the data processing. The ANN model performs better than that of the ARIMA model. The combination of time series and external factors may be a worthy research direction.
KNN algorithm of early warning system for applied research course
Authors: Li Zian , Zhao Cui
Published: December 2020

This paper designed a small course early warning system based on KNN algorithm, aimed at students haven’t finished the course of time can be completed by yourself some predict their courses by chance. In this paper, the basic principle of KNN algorithm is briefly introduced, and the course warning system is modified by Manhattan distance with added weights. This paper briefly describes the basic framework of this model and introduces the application of KNN algorithm in this model. Through a large number of basic experimental data to test the training, using figures to show, finally get the curriculum early warning system model, to achieve the effect of curriculum early warning.
Urban and rural income, residents’ consumption structure and energy consumption
Authors: Li Yan , Liu Zhi-wei , Li Nan-nan , Zhang Jia-li , Wang Ya-chen , Zuo Zhuo-wen , Zhang Xiang-yu
Published: December 2020

As an internal driving force to promote economic growth, residents’ consumption also has an important impact on energy consumption. Based on the difference of consumption structure between urban and rural residents, this paper introduces the income gap variable of urban and rural residents, analyzes the impact of urban and rural residents’ consumption on energy consumption, and provides reference for the implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction policies. On this basis, the author believes that the government should take flexible measures to control energy consumption according to the differences between urban and rural areas, make accurate efforts, and steadily promote the implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Literature Review and Analysis of Current Research Status of Rural Financial Efficiency
Authors: Ma Yue , Liu Fu-Xiang
Published: December 2020

Rural economic issues have attracted more and more attention from china, but there are still many problems of rural finance in China. Therefore, it is necessary to sort out the relevant literature on rural financial efficiency, and analyze the rural financial efficiency’s connotation itself, the relationship with rural economic development, the factors affecting its efficiency, rural financial institutions and research methods from both macro and micro aspects. They are finally generalized and summarized to guide the direction of relevant policies.
Influencing factors of price fluctuation in China’s carbon market
Authors: Wei Qi , Bian Yuanyuan , Yang Xuejuan
Published: December 2020

Carbon emission trading is an important countermeasure for countries around the world to cope with the challenge of climate change. Price signals in the carbon market play an important stabilizing role. Therefore, research on the factors affecting carbon price fluctuations is of great significance. Based on this, an empirical study on the fluctuation factors of carbon price in China’s pilot carbon market showed that: gross industrial output, coal consumption and the number of extreme weather have a positive impact on carbon prices, while the technology innovation index has a negative impact on carbon prices. This article puts forward suggestions on the construction of the carbon market, stabilizes carbon prices, and promotes the development of China’s carbon market.
Advancing Non-profit Organizations Through Technology and Informatization An analysis on improving the underdeveloped animal shelters and rescues industry
Authors: Zhang Tianyu
Published: December 2020

The situation at big for shelter animals in the US is improving. However, these animal shelters and rescues are overcrowded, and many animals get sick because of the unqualified hygiene conditions. The barriers that hinder the development of the non-profit industry of animal shelters and rescues are organization nature as non-profits, funding insufficiency, and lack of public relations strategies. Through technology, animal shelters and rescues can diversify their funding and adoption channels and actively raise awareness of animal protection among the public, leading to increasing motivation of adopting animals. This paper strives to present possible solutions and improvements through technology and informatization for the animal shelters and rescues industry.