1958. Longitudinal SARS-COV-2 anti-spike antibody response in pregnant people with natural infection and variable vaccine uptake
Authors: LaCourse Sylvia M , Aurelio Morgan C , Escudero Jaclyn N , Ellington Sascha R , Zapata Lauren B , Snead Margaret C , Yamamoto Krissy , Salerno Carol C , Greninger Alexander L , Kachikis Alisa B , Englund Janet A , Drake Alison L 
Published: December 2022

Background

Natural SARS-CoV-2 infection results in anti-nucleocapsid (N) and anti-spike (S) antibody (Ab) development. Anti-S Ab response (conferred by infection and/or vaccination) is more closely associated with protection. We evaluated anti-N/S Ab responses in vaccinated (&gt; 1 dose) and unvaccinated pregnant people with prior SAR-CoV-2 infection.

Methods

During January 2021-March 2022, we enrolled participants with SARS-CoV-2 infection identified in pregnancy (26 via anti-N IgG+; 52 via prior RT-PCR+). Baseline, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months, and delivery samples were tested for anti-N (index ≥ 1.4 positive) and anti-S (≥ 50 AU/mL positive) IgG Ab by Abbott Architect. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to measure Ab response duration.

Results

Among 78 participants, 62 (79%) enrolled in pregnancy (median 27 weeks gestation), and 16 (21%) at delivery/postpartum (median 2 weeks); 34 (44%) had received ≥1 vaccine prior to initial Ab testing. At baseline, 59 (75%) participants had concordant anti-N/S positive results (median anti-N index 3.58 [IQR 2.01-5.82], median anti-S 5529 AU/ml [IQR 687-25000]). Anti-S IgG was higher (25000 vs 774, p&lt; 0.001) among participants receiving ≥1 vaccine vs no vaccine, while anti-N IgG indices were similar.

Among 59 participants with initial anti-N IgG+ results, median time to anti-N IgG negative results was 31 weeks after first RT-PCR+ (median 17 weeks after first anti-N IgG+ result). Only 1 (unvaccinated) participant had an anti-S IgG negative result by 22 weeks after first RT-PCR+ result.

Among 30 participants with delivery samples (median 16 weeks after RT-PCR+, 12 weeks after baseline anti-N IgG+ samples), 15 (52%) remained anti-N IgG+; 29 (97%) remained anti-S IgG+. Anti-S IgG was higher (25000 vs 826 AU/ml, p&lt; 0.001) among participants receiving ≥ 1 vaccine vs. no vaccine prior to delivery.

Conclusion

Among pregnant persons with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, duration of anti-S IgG response was longer than anti-N IgG irrespective of vaccine status; vaccination during pregnancy was associated with higher anti-S levels at baseline and delivery. While anti-S IgG were detectable for ≥ 6 months, longer term follow-up is needed to assess durability of hybrid immunity vs. infection alone and has implications for maternal and infant protection.

Disclosures

Sylvia M. LaCourse, MD, MPH, Aurum Institute: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support Alexander L. Greninger, MD, PhD, Abbott: Contract Testing|Cepheid: Contract Testing|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Contract Testing|Hologic: Contract Testing|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Contract Testing|Pfizer: Contract Testing Alisa B. Kachikis, MD, MSc, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant Janet A. Englund, MD, AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Alison L. Drake, PhD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support.