bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of FADS1 SNPs rs174546, rs174547 and rs174550 on blood fatty acid profiles and plasma free oxylipins
Authors: Rabehl Miriam , Wei Zeren , Leineweber Can G. , Enssle Jörg , Rothe Michael , Jung Adelheid , Schmöcker Christoph , Elbelt Ulf , Weylandt Karsten H. , Pietzner Anne
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Previous studies have indicated that activity of fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1), is involved in cardiometabolic risk. Recent experimental data have shown that FADS1 knockdown can promote lipid accumulation and lipid droplet formation in liver cells. In this study, we aimed to characterize whether different FADS1 genotypes affect liver fat content, essential fatty acid content and free oxylipin mediators in the blood.

Methods

We analyzed the impact of FADS1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs174546, rs174547, and rs174550 on blood fatty acids and free oxylipins in a cohort of 85 patients from an academic metabolic medicine outpatient center. Patients were grouped based on their genotype into the homozygous major (derived) allele group, the heterozygous allele group, and the homozygous minor (ancestral) allele group. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) in the blood cell and plasma samples were analyzed by gas chromatography. Free Oxylipins in plasma samples were analyzed using HPLC–MS/MS. Liver fat content and fibrosis were evaluated using Fibroscan technology.

Results

Patients with the homozygous ancestral (minor) FADS1 genotype exhibited significantly lower blood levels of the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (AA), but no significant differences in the n-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). There were no significant differences in liver fat content or arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators, such as thromboxane B2 (TXB2), although there was a trend toward lower levels in the homozygous ancestral genotype group.

Discussion

Our findings suggest that FADS1 genotypes influence the blood levels of n-6 PUFAs, while not significantly affecting the n-3 PUFAs EPA and DHA. The lack of significant differences in liver fat content and arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators suggests that the genotype-related variations in fatty acid levels may not directly translate to differences in liver fat or inflammatory lipid mediators in this cohort. However, the trend towards lower levels of certain lipid mediators in the homozygous ancestral genotype group warrants further investigation to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of different FADS1 genotypes and potential implications for cardiometabolic risk.
Nutrition in HNSCC: is it a matter for oncologists? The role of multidisciplinary team—a narrative literature review
Authors: Denaro Nerina , Bareggi Claudia , Galassi Barbara , Beltramini Giada , Wekking Demi , Proh Michele , Ibba Tullio , Solinas Cinzia , Garrone Ornella
Published: July 2024

Background

Malnutrition, defined as weight loss and unsatisfactory nutrient intake, is very common in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in either the early or palliative setting. Despite increased awareness, nutritional programs are not yet adequately implemented in these patients. There are several reasons for this delay: differences in composition, the expertise of the multidisciplinary teams involved in HNSCC patients’ treatment, and economic and network resources conditioning faster or slower nutritional supply delivery. This situation affects the outcomes and the quality of life of HNSCC patients.

Materials and methods

We investigated available literature about nutritional support in HNSCC patients and its impact on outcomes, prognosis, and quality of life, and we focused on the role of the multidisciplinary team. We considered 8,491 articles, and after excluding duplicates and manuscripts not written in English, 1,055 were analyzed and 73 were deemed eligible for the present work.

Results

After the literature review, we can state that malnutrition, sarcopenia, and cachexia are associated with systemic inflammation and closely correlated with poor outcomes. An evaluation of the nutritional status of the multidisciplinary team before, during, and after therapy could improve patient outcomes, as the goal of the therapeutic approach is widely designed.

Conclusions

We suggest that the treatment workflow definition is fundamental and propose a tailored nutritional approach that could benefit HNSCC patients’ outcomes and quality of life. These results could be achieved by a multidisciplinary team.
Progress in research and development of preventive vaccines for children in China
Authors: Zheng XuYang , Jin Ge
Published: July 2024

The infant and child stage is an important stage for the continuation and development of human society. The initial years of life have a lasting impact on a child's future. Children under the age of 5 have an immature immune system, especially infants and young children under 6 months of age. At this stage, the population has a low immunity to pathogen infections, making them vulnerable to bacteria and viruses. Vaccination can enhance the immunity of infants and children to specific diseases, reduce the transmission rate of infectious diseases, and promote the development of global public health. This article summarizes the current application status of Rotavirus (RV) vaccine, Hand-foot -mouth disease (HFMD) vaccine, and Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) in China, as well as the research progress of clinical trial vaccine, laying a foundation for subsequent vaccine development.
Individualized, dynamic, and full-course vancomycin dosing prediction: a study on the customized dose model
Authors: Song Xiangqing , Zeng Meizi , Yang Tao , Han Mi , Yan Shipeng
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The single-point trough-based therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and Bayesian forecasting approaches are still limited in individualized and dynamic vancomycin delivery. Until recently, there has not yet been enough focus on the direct integration of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) and TDM to construct a customized dose model (CDM) for vancomycin to achieve individualized, dynamic, and full-course dose prediction from empirical to follow-up treatment. This study sought to establish CDM for vancomycin, test its performance and superiority in clinical efficacy prediction, formulate a CDM-driven full-course dosage prediction strategy to overcome the above challenge, and predict the empirical vancomycin dosages for six Staphylococci populations and four strains in patients with various creatinine clearance rates (CLcr).

Methods

The PK/PD and concentration models derived from our earlier research were used to establish CDM. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, with the area under ROC curve (AUCR) as the primary endpoint, for 21 retrospective cases was applied to test the performance and superiority of CDM in clinical efficacy prediction by comparison to the current frequently-used dose model (FDM). A model with an AUCR of at least 0.8 was considered acceptable. Based on the availability of TDM, the strategy of CDM-driven individualized, dynamic, and full-course dose prediction for vancomycin therapy was formulated. Based on the CDM, Monte Carlo simulation was used to predict the empirical vancomycin dosages for the target populations and bacteria.

Results

Four CDMs and the strategy of CDM-driven individualized, dynamic, and full-course dose prediction for vancomycin therapy from empirical to follow-up treatment were constructed. Compared with FDM, CDM showed a greater AUCR value (0.807 vs. 0.688) in clinical efficacy prediction. The empirical vancomycin dosages for six Staphylococci populations and four strains in patients with various CLcr were predicted.

Conclusion

CDM is a competitive individualized dose model. It compensates for the drawbacks of the existing TDM technology and Bayesian forecasting and offers a straightforward and useful supplemental approach for individualized and dynamic vancomycin delivery. Through mathematical modeling of the vancomycin dosage, this study achieved the goal of predicting doses individually, dynamically, and throughout, thus promoting “mathematical knowledge transfer and application” and also providing reference for quantitative and personalized research on similar drugs.
The spatial pattern of Populus euphratica competition based on competitive exclusion theory
Authors: Liu Yaxuan , Zeng Yong , Wang Peng , He Jia , Li Pingping , Liang Yuejia
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Population-level competition and spatial patterns may explain the role of competitive exclusion in communities, which is important for vegetation restoration and biodiversity conservation.

Methods

We analyzed the competitive intensity, spatial patterns, and renewal of Populus euphratica Oliv. forests in the Tarim River Basin using the Hegyi competition index and spatial point pattern analysis in a completely random model with different habitats and different forest ages.

Results

The greatest competitive distance for P. euphratica was 10 m, and the intensity of competition steadily decreased as the diameter increased. The intensity of intraspecific and interspecific competition in young, mature, and old P. euphratica forests was as follows: riverside habitat > transitional habitat > desert margin habitat. The Simpson index values for the three habitats decreased as follows: transitional > riverside > desert margin, and the Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index values decreased as follows: riverside > transitional > desert margin. In the riverside habitat, the young P. euphratica forest experienced the greatest competitive intensity, the mature forest in the transitional habitat was the largest, and the forest in the desert margin habitat was the oldest. Competitive intensity was greatest in the young riverside P. euphratica forest, mature P. euphratica forest in the transitional habitat, and old forest in the desert margin. Riverside P. euphratica experienced strong competition from Populus pruinosa. Competitive exclusion caused P. pruinosa to disappear from the transitional and desert margin habitats. Young, mature, and old P. euphratica forests were randomly distributed along the riverside and in the transitional habitat, while mature and old P. euphratica forests were randomly distributed in the desert margin. Populus pruinosa, Tamarix ramosissima, and Tamarix hispida were mainly randomly distributed, and T. ramosissima and T. hispida were clustered at small scales. In the riverside habitat, young, mature, and old P. euphratica had no spatial correlation, and there was a significant negative correlation at small scales in the transitional habitat. The density of P. euphratica seedlings in the riverside habitat was greater than that in the transitional habitat, and greater competitive pressures on P. euphratica tree seedlings caused a lower renewal density.

Conclusions

When planting P. euphratica forests, spacing greater than 10 m can effectively reduce stand competition and thus promote seedling regeneration.
Trauma-related symptoms in adolescents: the differential roles of sexual abuse and mentalizing
Authors: Wais Marissa , Bégin Michaël , Sharp Carla , Ensink Karin
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Major gaps remain in our knowledge regarding childhood sexual abuse (CSA) related symptoms in adolescent psychiatric inpatients, as well as potential resilience factors like mentalizing. CSA is a risk factor for the early emergence of borderline personality features, posttraumatic stress, and sexual concerns. Mentalizing, which involves the capacity to understand our reactions and that of others in psychological terms, is a resilience factor for self and interpersonal functioning. The aim of this study was to address knowledge gaps by examining the contributions of CSA and mentalizing in a latent factor composed of borderline personality features, posttraumatic stress, and sexual concerns in a sample of adolescent psychiatric inpatients. We hypothesized that CSA and mentalizing would independently explain the variance in this latent factor.

Method

Participants were 273 adolescents aged 12–17 recruited from an adolescent inpatient psychiatric clinic. They completed the Reflective Function Questionnaire for Youth (RFQ-Y), the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC), and the Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children (BPFS-C). CSA was assessed using the Child Attachment Interview (CAI), the Computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (C-DISC), as well as the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).

Results

27.5% of adolescent psychiatric inpatients reported CSA. CSA and mentalizing were independently associated with a latent factor consisting of posttraumatic stress, borderline personality features, and sexual concerns. CSA explained 5.0% and RF explained 16.7% of the variance of the latent factor. When we consider both the unique and the shared contribution of CSA and mentalizing, the model explained 23.0% of the variance of this factor.

Discussion

CSA and mentalizing independently explained variance in a latent factor constituted of borderline personality features, posttraumatic stress, and sexual concerns. The direct effect of mentalizing was stronger and mentalizing explained comparatively more variance of trauma-related symptoms in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. The findings are consistent with the theory that mentalizing is an internal resilience factor in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. By implication, clinical interventions focused on promoting the development of mentalizing, such as Mentalization Based Treatment, may palliate mental health difficulties manifested by adolescent psychiatric inpatients including those associated with CSA.
Lesson learned from the COVID-19 pandemic: toddlers learn earlier to read emotions with face masks
Authors: Gori Monica , Schiatti Lucia , Faggioni Monica , Amadeo Maria Bianca
Published: July 2024

In a prior study we demonstrated that the presence of face masks impairs the human capability of accurately inferring emotions conveyed through facial expressions, at all ages. The degree of impairment posed by face covering was notably more pronounced in children aged between three and five years old. In the current study, we conducted the same test as a follow-up after one year from the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, when the requirement of wearing face masks was holding in almost all circumstances of everyday life when social interactions occur. The results indicate a noteworthy improvement in recognizing facial expressions with face masks among children aged three to five, compared to the pre-pandemic settings. These findings hold a significant importance, suggesting that toddlers effectively mitigated the social challenges associated with masks use: they overcame initial environmental limitations, improving their capability to interpret facial expressions even in the absence of visual cues from the lower part of the face.
A study on the development of happiness scale for Chinese young children
Authors: Xiang Jiaxin , Choi Jieun
Published: July 2024

This study was conducted to develop an assessment tool for measuring happiness among Chinese preschoolers, and to verify the reliability and validity of this tool. A total of 269 preschoolers aged 3 to 5 years from kindergartens and childcare centers in Hangzhou, China, were surveyed. The Preschooler Happiness Scale, constructed through literature review and interviews with preschoolers, underwent expert content validity verification and pilot testing to refine items. The validity and reliability of the scale were verified in this study, resulting in the development of the final Preschooler Happiness Scale comprising 6 sub-factors and 25 items. The reliability verification revealed a high overall reliability of 0.91 for the Preschooler Happiness Scale, confirming its trustworthiness as a tool. The academic significance of the findings and the practical utility of the Preschooler Happiness Scale in early childhood education settings in China were discussed based on the results of this study.
Study on the additional financial burden of breast cancer disease on cancer patients and their families. Financial toxicity in cancer
Authors: Fernandez-Rodriguez Eduardo J. , Taboada-Taboada Rocio , Garcia-Martin Alberto , Sanchez-Gomez Celia , Saez-Gutierrez Susana , Rihuete-Galve Maria I. , Fonseca-Sánchez Emilio
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Breast cancer is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide, with 2.3 million new cases reported annually. The condition causes a social and economic impact known as financial toxicity of cancer. The study aims to explore the extra expenses borne by patients and their families on being diagnosed with breast cancer.

Methodology

An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. The data was collected between November 2021 and March 2022 at the Medical Oncology Service in Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Spain. The variables under investigation were additional economic costs, physical disability (as measured by the Barthel Index), instrumental activities of daily living (as measured by the Lawton-Brody Scale), and caregiver burden (measured using the ZARIT scale).

Results

The final sample size was N = 107. The study yielded the following outcomes: the median age was 55 years old and the majority of participants were female, with a proportion of 99.1%. The incidence rates for stage I and II were 31.8 and 35.5%, respectively. The median Barthel score was 100 points, while the Lawton and Brody score were 8 points and the ECOG score was 2 points. The analysis of primary caregiver burden resulted in a median ZARIT score of 15 points. The expenses related solely to the cancer diagnosis totaled 1511.22 euros per year (316.82 euros for pharmaceuticals; 487.85 euros for orthopedic equipment; 140.19 euros for home help; and 566.36 euros for housing adaptation or transfer to a hospital). The average annual income before diagnosis was 19962.62 euros. However, after being diagnosed with breast cancer, there is a significant income decrease of 15.91%, resulting in a reduced average annual income of 16785.98 euros. Additionally, a significant correlation was found between total expenditure and the level of dependency (p = 0.032) and functional status (p = 0.045).

Conclusion

These findings indicate that breast cancer patients experience a considerable economic burden, which worsens as their functional status deteriorates. Therefore, we believe policies should be implemented to help control this economic deterioration resulting from a serious health condition.
Estimation of lifetime costs for patients receiving a transplant: the case of liver transplantation related to hepatitis B in Italy
Authors: Marzano Alfredo , Canali Beatrice , De Carlis Luciano , De Simone Paolo , Fiorentino Francesca , Rendina Maria , Vassallo Chiara , Fagiuoli Stefano
Published: July 2024

Introduction

In Italy, post-liver transplant (LT) hepatitis B virus (HBV) reinfection prophylaxis is frequently based on a combined regimen of anti-HBV immunoglobulin (HBIG) and oral antivirals. However, little information is available at the national level on the cost of LT and the contribution of HBV prophylaxis. This study aimed to quantify the direct healthcare cost for adult patients undergoing LT for HBV-related disease over a lifetime horizon and from the perspective of a National Healthcare Service.

Methods

A pharmaco-economic model was implemented with a 4-tiered approach consisting of 1) preliminary literature research to define the research question; 2) pragmatic literature review to retrieve existing information and inform the model; 3) micro-simulated patient cycles; and 4) validation from a panel of national experts.

Results

The average lifetime healthcare cost of LT for HBV-related disease was €395,986. The greatest cost drivers were post-transplant end-stage renal failure (31.9% of the total), immunosuppression (20.6%), and acute transplant phase (15.8%). HBV reinfection prophylaxis with HBIG and antivirals accounted for 12.4% and 6.4% of the total cost, respectively; however, lifetime HBIG prophylaxis was only associated with a 6.6% increase (~€422 k). Various sensitivity analyses have shown that discount rates have the greatest impact on total costs.

Conclusion

This analysis showed that the burden of LT due to HBV is not only clinical but also economic.
Determinants of pneumococcal vaccination dropout among children aged 12–23 months in Ethiopia: a secondary analysis from the 2019 mini demographic and health survey
Authors: Assefa Ayenew , Kiros Teklehaimanot , Erkihun Mulat , Abebaw Aynework , Berhan Ayenew , Almaw Andargachew
Published: July 2024

Background

Vaccination is a cost-effective public health program that helps reduce significant morbidity and mortality in children under the age of five. Worldwide, the number of vaccine-preventable causes of child death has significantly decreased since the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) was introduced. However, for a variety of reasons, 23 million children did not have adequate access to vaccines in 2020. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the determinants of pneumonia conjugate vaccine (PCV) dropout among children aged 12–23 months in Ethiopia.

Methods

The study analyzed cross-sectional data obtained from the 2019 mini Ethiopian demographic and health survey. Multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was utilized, and the best fit model was chosen using the Akaike Information Criteria. The study comprised a weighted sample of 989 children aged 12 to 23 months. The study presented the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) along with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) to identify the significant factors influencing PCV dropout.

Results

The PCV dropout rate was reported at 20.2% in this study. In the multilevel analysis, possession of a health card (AOR = 0.076, 95% CI: 0.019, 0.04), vaccination for PCV 2 (AOR =0.002, 95% CI: 0.023, 0.263), and region 7 (AOR = 6.98, 95% CI: 10.1, 48.31) were significantly associated with children’s PCV dropout.

Conclusion

Having a health card, having received the PCV 2 vaccinations, and region were significant predictors of PCV dropout. Consequently, health education on immunization for all mothers and region-specific, customized public health interventions are needed to reduce the vaccination dropout rate.
Health literacy strengths and needs among migrant communities from Portuguese-speaking African countries in Portugal: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Maia Ana Catarina , Marques Maria João , Goes Ana Rita , Gama Ana , Osborne Richard , Dias Sónia
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Health literacy among migrants is a matter of public health and social justice. Migrants from diverse backgrounds encounter challenges such as linguistic barriers, cultural disparities, restricted access to health services, and heterogeneous migration statuses. Addressing these challenges requires careful consideration of their unique experiences and needs to promote equitable health outcomes. This can hinder their ability to navigate the healthcare system, understand health information, and engage in health-promoting behaviours. However, there is still a significant gap in our understanding of health literacy within migrant communities. This study has a dual aim: to identify health literacy strengths and needs among migrants from Portuguese-speaking African Countries (PALOP) countries in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and to examine associations between demographic, socioeconomic, migration and health condition characteristics and the health literacy domains.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Data were collected from 506 PALOP migrants using the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). We also collected demographic, socioeconomic, migration, and health condition data. We employed multiple linear regression to understand the relationship between the HLQ nine domains and these characteristics.

Results

The HLQ scores revealed distinct patterns of health literacy between the groups. Health literacy needs were particularly evident in the domains related to feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers and navigating the healthcare system. Conversely, higher scores and potential strengths were observed in actively managing one’s health and understanding enough health information to make informed decisions. However, in these, the average scores suggest that a high proportion of people recognised difficulties. ‘The results also indicated that a higher educational level was associated with increased health literacy. In contrast, low self-perceived health status, living alone, shorter duration of residence in Portugal, and being either undocumented or in the process of obtaining legal status were associated with lower health literacy.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the importance of migration-related variables and self-reported health status in understanding health literacy among migrant communities. Factors such as length of stay and low self-perceived health status are associated with potentially disadvantageous levels of health literacy, which could exacerbate health inequalities. Assessing these variables is critical to identify gaps in health literacy and develop tailored interventions to reduce health inequalities.
Clinical and environmental considerations for neonatal, office-based circumcisions compared with operative circumcisions
Authors: Press Benjamin , Jalfon Michael , Solomon Daniel , Hittelman Adam Benjamin
Published: July 2024

Neonatal male circumcision is a commonly performed procedure in the United States. Circumcisions are performed at various ages by a variety of clinical providers for multiple reasons, including religious, cultural, personal, and medical indications. In the United States, neonatal circumcision is routinely performed by non-urologic providers in the hospital within the first few days of life or as a religious ceremony on the 8th day of life. If neonatal circumcision is deferred in the hospital and subsequently not performed in the outpatient setting, it is then typically performed in the operating room under general anesthesia after 6 months of life. Neonatal circumcision is supported by both the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) due to the belief that the health benefits outweigh the minimal risk of the procedure. Despite this, neonatal circumcision rates have decreased in the United States in recent decades, in part due to access to the procedure, often related to changing insurance coverage. This has led to increased rates of operative circumcisions. Operative circumcisions are more costly to the healthcare system, subject the patient to cardiopulmonary and potentially neurotoxic effects of general anesthesia, and carry an increased environmental footprint, compared to neonatal circumcision. The intention of this paper is not to promote or justify circumcision for all patients, but rather to compare the clinical and environmental impact of neonatal versus operative circumcisions.
Baseline self-efficacy predicts subsequent engagement behavior in an online physical activity intervention
Authors: Lee Seungmin , Myers Nicholas D. , Bateman André G. , Prilleltensky Isaac , McMahon Adam , Brincks Ahnalee M.
Published: July 2024

Background

The purported benefits of online physical activity interventions, in terms of reduced costs, high reach, and easy access, may not be fully realized if participants do not engage with the programs. However, there is a lack of research on modifiable predictors (e.g., beliefs) of engagement with online physical activity interventions. The objective of this brief report was to investigate if self-efficacy to engage at baseline predicted subsequent engagement behavior in an online physical activity intervention at post-baseline.

Methods

Data (N = 331) from the 2018 Fun For Wellness effectiveness trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03194854) were analyzed in this brief report. Multiple logistic regression was fit in Mplus 8 using maximum-likelihood estimation.

Results

There was evidence that self-efficacy to engage beliefs at baseline positively predicted subsequent engagement behavior in the Fun For Wellness intervention at 30 days post-baseline.

Conclusions

Some recommendations to increase self-efficacy to engage in future online physical activity intervention studies were provided consistent with self-efficacy theory.
Fuel substitution possibilities, factor productivity, and technological progress in the industrial sector of India
Authors: Raza Muhammad Yousaf , Lin Boqiang , Javed Qasim
Published: July 2024

India is often referred to as the next development superpower, and generally, becoming a large-scale industrialization center is seen as an achievable goal for the country. This article investigates the output elasticity, substitution elasticity, and technological advancement between the various factors (i.e., labor, capital, and energy use) in the industrial sector of India. To investigate the factor's productivity, a trans-log production function was applied; however, ridge regression was used to analyze the various parameters to check the multicollinearity issue. The results show that (1) the analyzed inputs are optimistic and return-to-scale averages of 1.18, 1.41, and 1.24 between labor, capital, and energy, respectively, are increasing; (2) the pairs substitution between labor–industrial energy utilization and capital–industrial energy consumption is found to be 0.96 and 0.98, respectively, on average, indicating that capital, labor, and energy are good substitutes that need more attention in the production process; and (3) the technological progress between factors ranges from −0.4 to 0.02, in which labor–energy and capital–energy utilizations provide quicker outcomes than a capital–labor utilization. Finally, the industrial sector can attain maximum productivity if capital and skilled labor are improved under the sustainable development goals, as energy and capital are optimized for maximum efficiency. Finally, energy substitution and low-carbon technological efforts can be better suited for attaining dual-carbon goals in the industrial sector.
Evaluating undesired scratching in domestic cats: a multifactorial approach to understand risk factors
Authors: Demirbas Yasemin Salgirli , Pereira Joana Soares , De Jaeger Xavier , Meppiel Laurianne , Endersby Sarah , da Graça Pereira Gonçalo
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Despite being a natural feline behavior, scratching can become undesirable from a human perspective when directed at household items. This complex behavior can stem from various motivations, ranging from individual cat characteristics to environmental factors. This study investigates the factors influencing the increased level of undesirable scratching behavior in domestic cats, considering both cat-related and environmental aspects.

Methods

Data from 1,211 cats were collected for this study. An online questionnaire comprising three sections was utilized. The first section gathered caregiver demographics, while the subsequent section examined aspects of cats’ daily routines, social interactions, environments, behaviours, and temperaments. The final section assessed the frequency and intensity of undesirable scratching behavior in cats. Scratching behavior was evaluated based on a combined scratching index.

Results

The study suggests that the presence of a child may be associated with scratching episodes in the home environment. Additionally, factors such as play duration, playfulness, and nocturnal activity were identified as significant contributors to heightened scratching levels (p ≤ 0.05). Aggressiveness and disruptiveness also played significant roles in increased scratching behavior (p ≤ 0.05). The location of scratching posts emerged as a significant factor, with posts placed in areas frequented by the cat being more effective in redirecting scratching behavior (p ≤ 0.05).

Discussion

This study reveals several significant associations between cat characteristics, nocturnal activity and play, as well as the environment. It underscores the multifaceted nature of undesirable scratching behavior and emphasizes the importance of comprehensively understanding both the individual characteristics of the cat and its environment to effectively address this behavior.
Measurement and Simulation of the Propagation of Impulsive Acoustic Emission Sources in Pipes
Authors: Abolle-Okoyeagu Chika Judith , Fatukasi Samuel , Reuben Bob
Published: July 2024

Acoustic Emission (AE) testing is a non-destructive evaluation technique that has gained significant attention in pipeline monitoring. Pencil-lead breaks (PLBs) are commonly used in reproducing and characterising sensors used in AE applications and have emerged as a valuable tool for calibration processes. This technique involves breaking a pencil lead by pressing it on the surface of the test structure and applying a bending moment at a given angle on a surface. The applied force produces a local deformation on the test surface, which is released when the lead breaks. The fracture in these PLBs is assumed to be a step unload; however, this is not the case. In this work, a series of PLB source experiments complemented with parallel numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the actual unload rate by correlating the relationship between AE speed, frequency, and power from PLBs. This was achieved by varying the simulation unload rates recorded over a duration of 2 s on a steel pipe and comparing to the experiment. Analysis of the investigated results from the experimental and numerical models suggests that although the AE line structure of a PLB can be reproduced by simulation for short times only (1 µs), the actual unload rate for PLBs is in the region of 10–8 s. It is concluded that FEA has the potential to help in the recovery of the temporal structure from real AE structures. The establishment of this model will provide a theoretical basis for future studies on the monitoring of non-impulsive AE sources such as impact on pipelines using finite element analysis.
Building a Sense of Belonging in Dance with Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sango Precious N. , Pickard Angela
Published: July 2024

It has been suggested that adolescents’ mental health challenges account for half of the disease burden in the world’s adolescents and young adults. In addition to psychological and medical interventions employed to prevent and treat mental health conditions, programmes such as social prescribing which include arts-based activities like dance, are gaining momentum in countries such as the UK. Evidence shows that such activities can produce positive mental and physical well-being outcomes for individuals with the potential to build a sense of belonging and connection among adolescents. This review aims to collate and synthesise findings of studies that explored building a sense of belonging and/or its features in dance with adolescents. The review was reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We identified 14 studies that met the inclusion criteria which were used to present a narrative synthesis to address the review questions. The findings show the need for more dance research that directly focuses on and explores the role of dance in building a sense of belonging with adolescents and how a sense of belonging can be facilitated through dance.
Molecular Detection of Viral and Bacterial Pathogens in Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Italy
Authors: Magliocca Martina , Taddei Roberta , Urbani Lorenza , Bertasio Cristina , Facile Veronica , Gallina Laura , Sampieri Maria , Rugna Gianluca , Rubini Silva , Maioli Giulia , Terrusi Alessia , Battilani Mara , Balboni Andrea
Published: July 2024

Animals, including wildlife, are part of One-Health concept since many infectious diseases can affect both humans and animals. In this study, 126 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Northern Italy in 2022–2023 were tested by molecular assays for Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1 (PPVC-1), Canine adenovirus type 1 and 2 (CAdV-1 and CAdV-2), Circovirus canine (CanineCV), Canine distemper virus (CDV), and Leptospira spp. A total of 39 of 126 (30.9%) red foxes were infected with at least one pathogen and five of these were coinfected: 20/126 (15.9%) red foxes tested positive for PPVC-1, 3/126 (2.4%) for CAdV, 20/126 (15.9%) for CanineCV, and 2/126 (1.6%) for Leptospira spp. DNA. No foxes tested positive for CDV RNA. The pathogens identified were genetically analysed. New findings were reported such as a fox with multiple feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and canine parvovirus type 2b (CPV-2b) infection associated with quasispecies dynamics, typical genetic characteristics of the identified CanineCV, and the first detection in red foxes of Leptospira ST198 related to L. interrogans serogroup Australis. Further studies are necessary to investigate the transmission between domestic animals and wildlife and to understand the role of red foxes in the maintenance of these pathogens not only in the wild but also in urban and peri-urban environments.
Updates and Current Challenges in Reproductive Microbiome: A Comparative Analysis between Cows and Women
Authors: Zangirolamo Amanda Fonseca , Souza Anne Kemmer , Yokomizo Deborah Nakayama , Miguel Ana Karolyne Alves , Costa Márcio Carvalho da , Alfieri Amauri Alcindo , Seneda Marcelo Marcondes
Published: July 2024

The microbiota plays an important role in numerous physiological processes, pathogenesis, development, and metabolism in different animal species. In humans, several studies have demonstrated an association between the vaginal microbiota and fertility rates, and even success in assisted reproduction techniques. In the context of cattle reproduction, although few studies have addressed the microbiota in a healthy state (which is not associated with diseases that affect the reproductive tract of cows), changes in its composition also seem to influence fertility. This review aims to explain the importance of the reproductive microbiota in female bovines and what is available in the literature regarding its possible role in increasing fertility. What are the challenges involved in this process? Future perspectives on its use and manipulation as a selection or intervention tool. Will it be possible to one day extrapolate the findings to reality and apply them in the field? In short, understanding the role of the reproductive microbiota of female bovines can signal the prospect of increasing production, whether of milk or meat, from the same number of animals, as it can optimize reproductive efficiency and perhaps become an allied tool for the economic profitability and sustainability of livestock farming.
Isolation, NMR Characterization, and Bioactivity of a Flavonoid Triglycoside from Anthyllis henoniana Stems: Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Effects on MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Ayachi Amani , Boy Guillaume , Samet Sonda , Téné Nathan , Bouzayani Bouthaina , Treilhou Michel , Mezghani-Jarraya Raoudha , Billet Arnaud
Published: July 2024

Plant extracts are considered as a large source of active biomolecules, especially in phytosanitary and pharmacological fields. Anthyllis henoniana is a woody Saharan plant located in the big desert of North Africa. Our previous research paper proved the richness of the methanol extract obtained from the stems in flavonoids and phenolic compounds as well as its remarkable antioxidant activity. In this research, we started by investigating the phytochemical composition of the methanol extract using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Among the 41 compounds identified, we isolated and characterized (structurally and functionally) the most abundant product, a flavonoid triglycoside (AA770) not previously described in this species. This compound, which presents no cytotoxic activity, exhibits an interesting cellular antioxidant effect by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and an antiproliferative action on breast cancer cells. This study provides a preliminary investigation into the pharmacological potential of the natural compound AA770, isolated and identified from Anthyllis henoniana for the first time.
The Role of Antioxidants in the Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mohammadian Kiana , Fakhar Fatemeh , Keramat Shayan , Stanek Agata
Published: July 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global public health problem that causes liver-related morbidity and mortality. It is also an independent risk factor for non-communicable diseases. In 2020, a proposal was made to refer to it as “metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)”, with concise diagnostic criteria. Given its widespread occurrence, its treatment is crucial. Increased levels of oxidative stress cause this disease. This review aims to evaluate various studies on antioxidant therapies for patients with MAFLD. A comprehensive search for relevant research was conducted on the PubMed, SCOPUS, and ScienceDirect databases, resulting in the identification of 87 studies that met the inclusion criteria. In total, 31.1% of human studies used natural antioxidants, 53.3% used synthetic antioxidants, and 15.5% used both natural and synthetic antioxidants. In human-based studies, natural antioxidants showed 100% efficacy in the treatment of MAFLD, while synthetic antioxidants showed effective results in only 91% of the investigations. In animal-based research, natural antioxidants were fully effective in the treatment of MAFLD, while synthetic antioxidants demonstrated effectiveness in only 87.8% of the evaluations. In conclusion, antioxidants in their natural form are more helpful for patients with MAFLD, and preserving the correct balance of pro-oxidants and antioxidants is a useful way to monitor antioxidant treatment.
Protective Effect of Ergothioneine against Oxidative Stress-Induced Chondrocyte Death
Authors: Sakata Shuzo , Kunimatsu Ryo , Tanimoto Kotaro
Published: July 2024

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce oxidative stress in cells and are associated with various diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Ergothioneine (EGT) is a natural amino acid derivative derived from the ergot fungus and has been reported to exhibit an effective antioxidant function in many models of oxidative stress-related diseases. Recently, mutations in OCTN1, a membrane transporter of EGT, have been reported to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, we investigated the chondrocyte-protective function of EGT using a model of oxidative stress-induced injury of chondrocytes by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Human chondrocytes were subjected to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 treatment, and cell viability, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released into the medium, dead cell ratio, intracellular ROS production, and mitochondrial morphology were assessed. EGT improved chondrocyte viability and LDH activity in the medium and strongly suppressed the dead cell ratio. EGT also exerted protective effects on intracellular ROS production and mitochondrial morphology. These results provide evidence to support the protective effects of EGT on chondrocytes induced by oxidative stress.
Apomorphine Suppresses the Progression of Steatohepatitis by Inhibiting Ferroptosis
Authors: Maeda Hiroshi , Miura Kouichi , Aizawa Kenichi , Bat-Erdene Oyunjargal , Sashikawa-Kimura Miho , Noguchi Eri , Watanabe Masako , Yamada Naoya , Osaka Hitoshi , Morimoto Naoki , Yamamoto Hironori
Published: July 2024

The role of ferroptosis in steatohepatitis development is largely unknown. We investigated (1) whether hepatocyte ferroptosis occurs in a gene-modified steatohepatitis model without modifying dietary components, (2) whether ferroptosis occurs at an early stage of steatohepatitis, and (3) whether apomorphine, recently reported as a ferroptosis inhibitor, can ameliorate steatohepatitis. Hepatocyte-specific PTEN KO mice were used. Huh 7 and primary cultured hepatocytes isolated from the mice were used in this study. The number of dead cells increased in 10-week-old PTEN KO mice. This cell death was suppressed by the administration of ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 for 2 weeks. Apomorphine also ameliorated the severity of steatohepatitis. Treatment with ferroptosis inhibitors, including apomorphine, decreases the level of lipid peroxidase. Apomorphine suppressed cell death induced by RSL-3 (a ferroptosis inducer), which was not suppressed by apoptosis or necroptosis inhibitors. Apomorphine showed a radical trapping capacity with much more potent activity than ferrostatin-1 and Trolox, a soluble form of vitamin E. In addition, apomorphine activated nrf2 and its downstream genes, including HO-1 and xCT. In conclusion, ferroptosis occurs in steatohepatitis from an early stage in PTEN KO mice. In addition, apomorphine ameliorates the severity of steatohepatitis by inhibiting ferroptosis.
Trehalose Protects against Superoxide Dismutase 1 Proteinopathy in an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Model
Authors: Magalhães Rayne S. S. , Monteiro Neto José R. , Ribeiro Gabriela D. , Paranhos Luan H. , Eleutherio Elis C. A.
Published: July 2024

This work aimed to study the effect of trehalose in protecting cells against Sod1 proteinopathy associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Humanized yeast cells in which native Sod1 was replaced by wild-type human Sod1 or an ALS mutant (WT-A4V Sod1 heterodimer) were used as the experimental model. Cells were treated with 10% trehalose (p/v) before or after the appearance of hSod1 proteinopathy induced by oxidative stress. In both conditions, trehalose reduced the number of cells with Sod1 inclusions, increased Sod1 activity, and decreased the levels of intracellular oxidation, demonstrating that trehalose avoids Sod1 misfolding and loss of function in response to oxidative stress. The survival rates of ALS Sod1 cells stressed in the presence of trehalose were 60% higher than in their absence. Treatment with trehalose after the appearance of Sod1 inclusions in cells expressing WT Sod1 doubled longevity; after 5 days, non-treated cells did not survive, but 15% of cells treated with sugar were still alive. Altogether, our results emphasize the potential of trehalose as a novel therapy, which might be applied preventively in ALS patients with a family history of the disease or after diagnosis in ALS patients who discover the disease following the first symptoms.
Collaboration Practices for the Cybersecurity of Supply Chains to Critical Infrastructure
Authors: Wallis Tania , Dorey Paul
Published: July 2024

This work describes the collaboration practices of a community of interest in the UK that brings together cybersecurity professionals with a shared interest in improving supply chain cybersecurity for Operational Technology (OT) environments. This research emphasizes the need for collective responsibility between organizations and provides a set of principles for adopting a code of practice and partnership approach to supply chain cybersecurity. This work has enabled cybersecurity experience from several critical infrastructure sectors, including energy, rail, aviation, water, health, and food, to analyze the uptake and practical use of existing supply chain guidance, identifying gaps and challenges. The community has examined touch points with the supply chain and identified improvements related to the communication of cybersecurity requirements, technical and commercial engagement between customers and suppliers, and in the tailoring of implementations towards operational technology contexts. Communicating the context of securing cyber-physical systems is an essential perspective for this community. This work exemplifies a partnership framework and is translating experiences into useful guidance, particularly for OT systems, to improve cybersecurity levels across multiple contributors to critical infrastructure systems.