bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
29 Cardio-Omentopexy to Reduce Myocardial Scarring and Promote Regeneration
Authors: Stachnik Stephen , Parsell Dawn , Forbess Joseph , Deatrick Kristopher
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: While the current management of single ventricle repairs has drastically prolonged life expectancy, the repair fails over time primarily through pathologic inflammation and fibrosis. Our goal is to demonstrate that cardio-omentopexy can decrease inflammation and fibrosis in swine after cryoinjury. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A cryoinjury is created using a liquid nitrogen cooled probe to the right ventricle of 15-20kg swine for three minutes. In half the groups the omentum is attached to the heart over the area of the injury. The swine are recovered and monitored for 4 or 8 weeks at which time they are euthanized. The injured area is evaluated via histological and immunohistochemical testing for markers of inflammation and scarring including collagen type, scar area, macrophage activity. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Currently, we have successfully validated the animal model to create myocardial scar validated by histological testing. We anticipate that the addition of omentopexy to cryoinjury will decrease scar area, fibrosis and markers of chronic inflammation. Additionally, we expect an increase in myocytes in the area of injury. We expect that this will occur through the anti-inflammatory and protective mechanism of the omentum. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Cardio-omentopexy, if able to decrease fibrosis and preserve myocytes, may provide a useful adjunct to the treatment of single ventricle repair by prolonging the longevity of the repair. Additionally, as these repairs often require a ventriculotomy, decreasing the operative scar may preserve myocardial function.
540 Diversifying SC CTSI’s Message: Successfully Leveraging Multi-Platform Social Media for Multi-Audience Dissemination
Authors: Apaydin Nicki K. , Wolfe Nicole , Diaz Andrea , Kipke Michele D.
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: We explain our multi-platform, multi-audience approach to stakeholder engagement/communication, discuss KPIs for our Instagram accounts, and highlight five top performing posts. Finally, we provide tips to Hubs who would like to tailor and optimize their social media approach. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We employed Uses & Gratifications theory and formative research with stakeholders to inform our social media strategy. We run two Instagram accounts (main CTSI & Community Engagement [CE]), one Facebook page (CE), and one Twitter/X page (main CTSI). To understand impact, we collected social media analytics on both Instagram accounts (main CTSI and Community Engagement-specific accounts) to ascertain four social media-related Key Performance Indicators since the inception of the two accounts: reach, impressions, growth rate, and engagement. Additionally, we examined the five top-performing posts on each account that gave us insights into trending topics and ideas for future content. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: From January 2023 to October 2023, the reach for the main account was 3,578 and 38,235 for CE. The number of profile visits for the main account was 474 and 2,703 for CE. Engagement data on Instagram is only available for the last 90 days. For the main account, the number of post likes, comments and shares was 622 and 2,700 for CE. The views and reach for the five top-performing posts on the main and CE accounts ranged in the thousands. The content of the top-performing posts for the main CTSI account varied between highlighting our KL2 scholars' accomplishments, recap of campus-wide research events, and advertisements for upcoming educational webinars. CE’s top posts varied between highlighting their work in a South LA housing community, recaps of large community health events, and interviews with local key leaders. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: CTSA Hubs have an ethical obligation to keep their local academic and community audiences apprised of their activities. Creating a formative research and theoretically-informed social media plan that varies by platform, and regularly evaluating performance insights allows us to track the type of content that appeals to our multiple audiences.
552 Substance Abuse Research: Bench to Community (SARB2C) as a Model for Team Science
Authors: Millay Tamara A , Cottler Linda B
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To present Substance Abuse Research: Bench to Community (SARB2C) as a model for team science both within and between institutions. Emerging from targeted efforts by the NIH to engage translational scientists in prominent public health issues, the initiative illustrates the benefits of bringing together researchers and trainees to share ideas. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In 2019 a group was formed at University of Florida to discuss ongoing translational research in the area of substance abuse, including faculty, staff, and trainees from across the campus. The group was expanded in February 2022 to include domestic colleagues at the University of Kentucky as well as international collaborators at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand. One-hour monthly meetings began in person but now take place virtually. Larger projects are discussed individually, focusing on opportunities for collaboration. Attendees also provide updates on their work, including proposals in development and manuscripts in process. This facilitates dialogue around the science, from the bench to the community, and connects people to advance team science. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In light of the ongoing opioid epidemic and the public health threat of other emerging substances, collaboration among researchers in this area is essential to advance the science and explore real-world solutions. SARB2C demonstrates the benefit of connecting researchers across T0 to T4, and that of including trainees for invaluable experience. This environment fosters open discussion and creativity and helps break down the silos that impede science. A highlight from early in the group’s history was a visit from the Program Officer for the UF Clinical and Translational Science Institute in February 2020. Since that time, multiple collaborations have resulted in grants submitted, such as P30 center grants and an innovative R61/R33, as well as numerous publications. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: A complex public health emergency like the opioid epidemic requires creativity and collaboration, from laboratory science to interventions in the community, putting it squarely within the sights of translational research. SARB2C will soon enter its fifth year of linking researchers and training the next generation of scientists.
556 Maternal Opioid Use Leads to Aberrant Maternal and Fetal Immunity
Authors: True Heather , Dorratt Brianna , Malherbe Delphine , Cockerham Cynthia , O’Brien John , Messaoudi Ilhem
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Maternal opioid use disorder (OUD) is linked to poor fetal outcomes. While it has been established that opioids can cross from maternal to fetal circulation, the mechanisms underlying these adverse outcomes remain poorly defined. This study aims to uncover OUD-associated immunological changes in maternal and fetal circulation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: To study the effect of maternal OUD on the maternal immune system at delivery, we collected maternal blood samples at delivery from healthy pregnant women (controls) and pregnant women with a diagnosis of severe OUD. To study the impact of maternal OUD on newborn immunity, we also collected umbilical cord blood (UCB) at delivery. Flow cytometry was used to determine the frequency and phenotype of circulating immune cell subsets and responses to stimulation. Isolated monocytes were stimulated with bacterial/viral agonist cocktails, while T and NK cells were stimulated with PMA/ionomycin. The impact of maternal OUD on circulating immune mediators was determined by Luminex and on monocyte activation markers sCD14 and CRP by ELISA. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In maternal circulation, OUD was associated with a significant decrease in markers of inflammation, cell proliferation, and activation. Frequencies of immune cell subsets were impacted by OUD, shown by an expansion of CD8+ EMRA T cells, marginal-zone B cells, mDCs, non-classical monocytes, and CD16low NK cells. While no differences were seen in T and NK cell responses to stimulation, monocytes and pDCs had significantly lower responses to bacterial and viral agonist stimulation. Analysis of UCB revealed increased levels of pro-apoptotic/T cell exhaustion mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines, albeit decreased levels of several chemokines and growth factors. The UCB immune landscape is altered with maternal OUD, as demonstrated by a shift from naive to memory CD8+ T cells and a decrease in pDC frequency. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: OUD dampens maternal peripheral immunity, possibly contributing to poor placental function or premature/delayed labor. Monocytes and pDCs lack antimicrobial functionality, suggesting increased infection susceptibility with OUD. Finally, these implications extend to the fetal compartment, shown by heightened immune activation in UCB.
563 Team Science to Assess Effectiveness and Impact in Public Healthcare Delivery System Contracting
Authors: Manuel Vladimir , Inkelas Moira , Shelton Brandon
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Healthcare organizations and payers are moving from accountability to effectiveness frameworks. Static vendor contracts for full-scale implementation limit organizations' ability to evaluate impact before scale-up, or to iteratively improve. Our team science innovation employs science and learning methods as systems engage vendors. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Our team science innovation is a method to assess and model impact of interventions at scale in healthcare delivery systems. We are integrating expertise in learning processes of an academic medical center (UCLA CTSI) with the organizational knowledge and methodological expertise of the nation’s largest Medicaid managed care plan (LA Care Health Plan), which has over 2 million members. The LA Care Advanced Analytics Lab has unique capability in machine learning, while enables deep learning of variation. Our innovative product is a template to quickly mobilize evaluation and learning for a diverse population in a varied and distributed delivery system. The template design enables rapid learning for the full-scale policy implementation often imposed by government, and in the short timeframes involved. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: LA Care and the UCLA CTSI partnered to provide subject matter expertise and design effective pilots for interventions such as transitional care services, complex care management, and physician home visit strategies, accounting for confounding factors affecting the intervention and outcome. So far, collaborative modeling and design has produced a successful pilot of a physician home visit program intended to reduce avoidable emergency department visits. This pilot quickly revealed several major changes that would need to be incorporated for the contracted vendor to produce results if operated at scale, further informed by machine learning, in sufficient time to inform the contracting process. There are multiple evolving applications, including housing/homelessness. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Integrating the large data and analytics of a large healthcare organization with learning methods from the CTSI -- including learning from variation and designs for studying impact during scale-up -- fosters academic-community team science that could significantly improve the value of our largest delivery systems, public and commercial.
31 A clinical trial using exergaming with augmented reality to promote physical activity in children with Cerebral Palsy at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
Authors: Bent Melissa , Padilla Abigail , Rethlefsen Susan A. , Hanson Alison , Ciccodicola Eva , Wren Tishya AL
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in childhood in the US1. Augmented reality (AR) has promise enhancing engagement of rehabilitation2. We developed adaptive games for children with CP using Augment Therapy™. The goal of this study was to obtain user experience in the orthopedic clinic to inform a home-based clinical trial. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Participants were recruited at a pediatric center from July 1 to September 20, 2023. Inclusion criteria werediagnosis of CP, ages 5-10 years, English/Spanish speaking. Exclusion criteria were cognitive delay, audio or visual impairment, seizures, or recent surgery. The Augment Therapy™ app was delivered through a clinic iPad. The electronic medical record was used to screen eligible patients. 22 patients were screened; 14 were not eligible based on exclusion criteria. 2 patients refused based on not having enough time to participate. Children played 5 games and their movements were tracked using augmented reality. To evaluate the quality of the app, participants were asked to complete a validated questionnaire, the modified Mobile App Rating Scale. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze responses. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Six participants were eligible and completed phase I. Eighty-three percent (5/6) of participants reported the character was mostly matching their child’s movements and easy for their child to follow instructions. Thirty three percent (2/6) reported there were technical issues where the app did not track or froze. 100% reported being interested in participating in the home clinical trial. Parent reported their child’s favorite games were flying and obstacle course. The mean and median MARS score was 3.8/5 and 4/5, respectively. Regarding engagement, 66.7% (4/6) reported the app was fun to use. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Families of children with CP reported positive experiences overall with Augment Therapy™ mobile app. The technical issues will need to be addressed. Future studies will need to establish efficacy and dosing time of use of the app for adherence to a program using these modules and engagement with the app to increase habitual physical activity.
43 Changes in the Incidence of Respiratory AIDS-Defining Events Among Persons with HIV Before vs. During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Carlson Jesse J. , Turner Megan , Katona Austin , Kelly Sean , Sterling Timothy R. , Rebeiro Peter F.
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted HIV care, though it prompted preventive measures for respiratory pathogens, particularly among PWH. We therefore quantified trends in respiratory ADE incidence during vs. before the COVID-19 pandemic to assess effects of these measures on non-COVID-19 illnesses. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We included PWH aged ≥18 years in care at the Vanderbilt Comprehensive Care Clinic in Nashville, Tennessee from 2017-2023. Individuals contributed time from the last of March 31, 2017 or clinic enrollment until the first of death, March 31, 2023 (study close), or final clinic visit (if there was no visit ≤12 months before study close). We described respiratory ADE incidences (per 1,000 person-years) in each year of the study; we used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for respiratory ADEs in the three years following vs. before the World Health Organization’s pandemic designation for COVID-19 (March 2020). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Among 4,880 persons contributing 19,510 person-years, 69 (1.4%) developed ≥1 respiratory ADE. Median age at cohort entry was 42.6 (interquartile range [IQR]: 32.1, 52.3) years and at first respiratory ADE was 43.6 (IQR: 36.1, 51.2) years. The overall average respiratory ADE incidence in the pre-pandemic period (March 2017-March 2020) was 4.5 (95% CI: 3.3-6.3) per 1,000 person-years and during the post-pandemic period (April 2020-March 2023) was 4.1 (95% CI: 1.8-9.0) per 1,000 person-years. When accounting for repeated outcomes and annual variation, the modeled respiratory ADE incidence was 10% lower (IRR=0.9, 95% CI: 0.6-1.4) during vs. before the COVID-19 pandemic. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Respiratory ADE incidence dropped 10% following the COVID-19 pandemic declaration, though the confidence interval for this change contains the null. It is plausible that nonpharmaceutical COVID-19 mitigation measures drove a brief but impermanent decline, though further research is needed to assess whether diagnostic biases also played a role.
47 Cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis of keloids discovers novel susceptibility loci in diverse populations
Authors: Greene Catherine Anne , Hampton Gabrielle , Jarvik Gail P. , Namjou-Khales Bahram , Khan Atlas , Luo Yuan , Edwards Todd L. , Velez Edwards Digna R. , Hellwege Jacklyn N.
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: We aimed to conduct an updated genome-wide meta-analysis of keloids in expanded populations, including those most afflicted by keloids. Our overall objective was to improve understanding of keloid development though the identification and further characterization of keloid-associated genes with genetically predicted gene expression (GPGE). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We used publicly available summary statistics from several large-scale DNA biobanks, including the UK Biobank, FinnGen, and Biobank Japan. We also leveraged data from the Million Veterans Program and performed genome-wide association studies of keloids in BioVU and eMERGE. For each of these datasets, cases were determined from ICD-9/ICD-10 codes and phecodes. With these data we conducted fixed effects meta-analysis, both across ancestries and stratified by broad ancestry groups. This approach allowed us to consider cumulative evidence for genetic risk factors for keloids and explore potential ancestry-specific components of risk. We used FUMA for functional annotation of results and LDSC to estimate ancestry-specific heritability. We performed GPGE analysis using S-PrediXcan with GTEx v8 tissues. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We detected 30 (23 novel) genomic risk loci in the cross-ancestry analysis. Major risk loci were broadly consistent between ancestries, with variable effects. Keloid heritability estimates from LDSC were 6%, 21%, and 34% for European, East Asian, and African ancestry, respectively. The top hit (P = 1.7e-77) in the cross-ancestry analysis was at a replicated variant (rs10863683) located downstream of LINC01705. GPGE analysis identified an association between decreased risk of keloids and increased expression of LINC01705 in fibroblasts (P = 3.6e10-20), which are important in wound healing. The top hit in the African-ancestry analysis (P = 5.5e-31) was a novel variant (rs34647667) in a conserved region downstream of ITGA11. ITGA11 encodes a collagen receptor and was previously associated with uterine fibroids. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This work significantly increases the yield of discoveries from keloid genetic association studies, describing both common and ancestry-specific effects. Stark differences in heritability support a potential adaptive origin for keloid disparities. Further work will continue to examine keloids in the broader context of other fibrotic diseases.
48 Analyzing Changing Trends in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Pero Adriana , Sigel Keith , Schwartz Myron
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To quantify changing trends in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) etiologies, mainly hepatitis C related HCC (HCV-HCC), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease related HCC (NAFLD-HCC), and alcoholic liver disease related HCC (ALD-HCC), at a single center as well as compared to large national databases. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This is a retrospective longitudinal study using a single-center database of patients presenting with HCC from January 1995 to September 2023. Etiologies were confirmed through patient history, clinical exam, and viral serologies. Trends in rate of etiology were analyzed using linear regression. Further investigation will include survival analysis. To improve generalizability, the single-center data were supplemented with national cross-sectional data from the NHANES database on liver disease prevalence from March 1999 to August 2023. Data were provided through questionnaire, clinical exam, and viral serologies. Trends in rates will be analyzed using linear regression. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Among the single center cohort, NAFLD-HCC increased at an average rate of 1.3% per year (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.1% to 1.4%) and HCV-HCC decreased at an average rate of -0.56% per year (95% CI = -0.83% to -0.29%). Projecting the linear models for the past ten years forward, HCV-HCC is predicted to take up a lower proportion than NASH-HCC by 2026 and lower proportion than ALD-HCC by 2028. Future results will include analysis of the changing proportions of etiologies for liver transplant and survival analysis for HCC by etiology from the single center cohort. Additionally, national trends in HCC etiologies will be provided from the NHANES database. The trends from liver transplant etiology and NHANES are expected to parallel the preliminary results. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: As the prevalence of NAFLD increases in the general population, more cases of NAFLD-HCC will be seen in the future. Understanding the changing trends can guide surveillance recommendations, shape treatment algorithms, and frame research priorities.
49 The Effect of Pesticide Exposure on Immunological Responses in Children against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Werthmann Derek , Norton Elizabeth , Rabito Felicia
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The objective is to assess the effect of pesticide exposure (individually and pesticide mixtures) on the immune response to COVID-19 in children. The goal is to improve scientific knowledge on factors affecting COVID-19 and identify a potentially modifiable factor to reduce disparities in COVID-19 morbidity. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Blood samples will be obtained from 50 children with asthma two time points; baseline and 12 months later. SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination will be determined with blood exposome RNA analyses.. Immunological response will be measured using neutralizing, phagocytizing, and NK-activating anti-body responses biomarkers. Pesticide exposure will be measured via urinary pesticide metabolites (UPMs). For individual metabolites multivariable analyses for each pesticide will be conducted using generalized estimating equation (GEE) models with compound symmetry correlation to account for the repeated measures design. To assess the pesticide mixture, weighted quantile sum regression (WQS) will be used. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The main hypothesis is that increased pesticide exposure results in a reduction in the immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the COVID-19 vaccine. Therefore, we anticipate that increasing concentrations of individual UPMs as well as the increasing index will result in reductions in markers of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the COVID-19 vaccine. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Exposure to pesticides is a modifiable environmental factor. If pesticides are found to alter the immune response to COVID-19 infection and vaccination, these data will provide an evidence base for efforts to reduce pesticide exposure in children.
59 Mild cognitive impairment among older adults with diabetes: A pilot study in San Juan, Puerto Rico
Authors: Valle-Moro Yari D , Estrella Mayra L. , Amaya-Ardila Claudia , Pérez Cynthia M.
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Research on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is scarce; however, MCI is a concern in T2DM as it can adversely impact self-care behaviors. This study aims to estimate the proportion of MCI and describe its sociodemographic, clinical, psychosocial, and lifestyle characteristics in older adults with T2DM. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Cross-sectional pilot study of 60 adults (aged ≥50yrs) with a diagnosis of T2DM will be recruited at a diabetes center located in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Data on sociodemographic, clinical, psychosocial (depressive symptoms and social support), and lifestyle characteristics related to diabetes self-management (diabetes self-care activities and activities of daily living) will be collected through face-to-face interviews using validated questionnaires. Our primary outcome will be MCI assessed via the Spanish-language version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-S). The proportion of adults with MCI (MoCA-S score<26) will be estimated, and the sociodemographic, lifestyle, psychosocial, and clinical characteristics of older adults will be compared across MCI status using bivariate analysis. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Expected results include an estimate of the proportion of MCI among older adults with T2DM, which we hypothesize will be higher in our study than in Puerto Rico’s older adult population (previously reported as 17%). Additionally, we will describe the sociodemographic, clinical, psychosocial, and lifestyle characteristics that significantly differ by MCI status in older adults with T2DM. We expect that those with MCI will be more likely to be females, have lower education and annual income, longer time with a diabetes diagnosis, worse psychosocial profiles (higher levels of depressive symptoms and lower levels of social support), and worse lifestyle profiles (poorer glycemic control and lower activities of daily living score) than those without MCI. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This pilot study is a first step to understanding MCI among older adults with T2DM in Puerto Rico, a Hispanic population with a higher prevalence of T2DM than their US non-Hispanic White counterparts. Its findings can guide the design and implementation of a larger epidemiological study aimed at understanding MCI risk factors among adults with T2DM.
66 Predictors of Autologous Fat Grafting in Immediate, Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Jean-Baptiste Omar , Brown Owen H. , Thompson Peter W.
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Patients frequently need or desire fat grafting to improve common issues such as implant visibility and contour deformity, often done as a second, staged procedure following immediate reconstruction. This study aimed to identify which patient factors and reconstructive techniques predict the need for revision with AFG after IBBR METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Patients who underwent IBBR with either tissue expanders or implants following mastectomy from 2017 to 2021 were identified. Demographics, comorbidities, and the postoperative course were reviewed. The primary outcome variable was AFG after the initial reconstruction. Univariate and regression analyses were performed to identify factors predictive of AFG. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Five-hundred twenty-nine patients were included in our analysis, with 43% having AFG. Univariate regression displayed single-stage reconstruction (OR=0.53, 95% 0.37-0.75) and previous radiation (OR 0.59, 95% 0.35-0.99) negatively predicted the need for AFG, while bilateral breast reconstruction (BBR) was a predictor (OR 2.32, 95% 1.58-3.4). On multivariate analysis, decreasing age and BBR remained predictive of AFG. The odds of AFG decreased by 3% for every one-unit increase in age (95% CI [0.96, 0.99]). Interestingly, neither pre-pectoral breast reconstruction nor specimen weight:implant ratio was associated with increased need for AFG on univariate/multivariate analysis. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Patients requiring AFG were likely younger and had undergone BBR with tissue expanders. Plane of implant did not appear to affect need for AFG. Knowledge of these predictive factors may help plastic surgeons in preoperative counseling before implant-based breast reconstruction.
77 Can we do community outreach together?: A CTSI-Cancer Center Partnership
Authors: Sotto-Santiago Sylk , Claxton Gina , Hudson Brenda , Delp Lynsey , Johnson Tanya , Wiehe Sarah , Moe Sharon
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The Indiana CTSI is a partnership with Indiana University, Purdue University, University of Notre Dame, and Regenstrief Inst. IU’s Comprehensive Cancer Center is central to cancer research and education. A partnership between these critical entities ensures certain efficiencies. We provide a potential framework for community outreach efforts. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The Indiana CTSI’s partner institutions have long prioritized community outreach and engagement across the state. However, in environments with limited funding resources, efficiencies are critical to the sustainability of programs and efforts. All IN for Health, an initiative of the Indiana CTSI, has partnered with IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center in community outreach by evaluating current practices, aligning staffing, evaluating events, prioritizing outreach efforts, and strategic outcomes. A tool for evaluation was developed and the prioritization matrix along with a database of events now guide outreach efforts. The All IN for Health board continues to be highly engaged in providing feedback and developing strategies. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: This partnership has increased outreach to state-wide events, including urban and rural communities, as well as events contributing to the health of historically marginalized groups in the state. The challenge was our ability to be present at all community events that are critical to the success of all our partners, but most importantly the communities we serve. Opportunities to partner across non-academic and community health partners were evaluated with an assessment of All IN for Health efforts. The resulting approaches are used as an example or a potential framework from which to organize similar partnerships with the goal of advancing research and health equity. Through this partnership, we have extended outreach and added efficiencies, demonstrating creative implementation and strategies. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Unfortunately, limited funding prevents CTSAs and Cancer Centers from engaging everywhere they are needed. Translation research constantly encourages team science and collaboration. Our efforts are a reminder that the same approach applies to operations and synergizing the assets present within our community health and institutional partners.
78 Empowering Patients with Congenital Heart Disease: Insights into Serious Video Game Preferences
Authors: Delaney Rebecca K. , Alexander Alexander J. , Lindsay Ian , Pinto Nelangi , Thomas Teresa Hagan , Lipstein Ellen , Shepherd Tamara , Fagerlin Angela
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Serious video games are designed for skill-building and are increasingly being used for healthcare interventions with adolescents and young adults (AYAs). The study goal was to identify AYAs’ preferred game features, by demographic groups, to inform the development of a game to improve AYA’s engagement in their congenital heart disease (CHD) care. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Pediatric patients, 12-18 years old, completed surveys at a routine CHD care visit. Participants rated their likelihood of using games to learn CHD management skills (5-point Likert) and preferences for ten game features commonly used, such as: personalization (make your own avatar) and levels (unlock new, advanced stages as you do better). Participants selected one of three response options: 1=would make me less interested in the game, 2=doesn’t matter, 3=would make me more interested in the game. Descriptives and frequencies assessed interest in different game features. Chi-square tests were used to identify potential differences in game feature preferences by gender identity, age group (early/mid-adolescence vs. late adolescence), and race and ethnicity. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of 83 participants who completed surveys, the mean age was 15 years old (12-18; SD=1.73), 55% were male, 79% were Non-Hispanic White, and 70% were interested in video games for gaining CHD management skills. The top-rated game features were: levels (78%; unlock advanced stages), conflict (74%; face challenges), personalization (70%; create avatar), and story (70%; journey-based). The three lowest-ranked features were: time (29%; restricted time to complete challenge), competition (47%; score/play against others), strategy (53%; plan to reach goal). No significant differences in game feature preferences were found by demographic characteristics. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Most AYAs with CHD were interested in games, offering a promising avenue for future healthcare interventions. Given no significantly different preferences by demographics, the game may not require tailoring game features for certain groups. However, additional research with diverse participants is needed to fully inform game development.
100 The Impact of Race and Social Determinants of Health on Clinical Outcome of Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients Over a Decade.
Authors: Asfaw Zerubabbel , Hernandez-Marquez Gianina C. , Naik Anant , Perez Ruben Vega , Bickell Nina , Germano Isabelle M
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: While the evolving treatment paradigm for Glioblastoma (GBM) leverages different modalities to improve outcomes, treatment access might be limited by cost and disparities. This study explores the influence of race and social determinants of health (SDoH) on healthcare access and outcomes of GBM patients in a large metropolitan area over a decade. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Our institution’s tumor registry (2009-2019) was queried to identify our GBM cohort. Data were supplemented by electronic health records to include demographics, outcome, NCI Comorbidity Index, and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) socioeconomic status (SES) index. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of the 559 GBM records, 361 unique patients met the inclusion criteria, and 43% were Non-White. Non-White patients predominantly comprised the lowest AHRQ SES index quartile and had longer hospital stays (LOS; p<0.001). White patients accounted for 61% of privately insured patients (p<0.001). Private insurance (p= 0.02) and age < 65 years (p= 0.039) were associated with a higher rate of home discharge. Patients diagnosed with GBM in the emergency department were more likely to be discharged to acute rehab than home (p<0.001). At 2 years, privately insured patients had longer OS (HR= 1.46; p= 0.04). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: In contrast to previous studies, the study demonstrates that GBM affected a higher proportion of Non-White patients. Our data show that SDoH influences multiple outcomes in GBM patients. Efforts to identify and correct these barriers are needed to improve the care of all GBM patients.
Direct numerical simulations of compressible turbulent channel flows with asymmetric thermal walls
Authors: Zhang Peng , Song Yubin , Xia Zhenhua
Published: April 2024

This paper extends the work of Tamano & Morinishi (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 548, 2006, pp. 361–373) by simulating supersonic turbulent channel flow with asymmetric thermal walls using a larger computational domain and a finer mesh. Direct numerical simulation is carried out for four cases with different thermal wall boundaries at the top wall at fixed

$Ma=1.5$

,

$Re=6000$

and

$Pr=0.72$

, while the bottom wall is maintained at a constant temperature of

$T_L$

equal to the reference temperature. These cases are referred to as the adiabatic case TAd, where the top wall is adiabatic; the pseudo-adiabatic case T32, where the top wall is isothermal with temperature

$T_{w,t}=T_A$

; the sub-adiabatic case T25, with

$T_{w,t}=0.77T_A$

; and the super-adiabatic case T40, with

$T_{w,t}=1.24T_A$

. Here,

$T_A=3.234$

is the mean temperature at the adiabatic wall in the TAd case. The objective of this study is to compare and contrast the TAd case with its corresponding T32 case, and to investigate the effect of the wall temperature difference between the two isothermal walls. Comparisons of the basic turbulent statistics, the heat transfer between the Favre-averaged mean-flow kinetic energy, the Favre-averaged turbulent kinetic energy and the Favre-averaged mean internal energy, as well as the wall heat transfer properties, indicate that the TAd case and its corresponding T32 case are generally equivalent. The only discernible difference is in the region very close to the top wall for the temperature-fluctuation-related quantities. The analysis reveals that the asymmetry of the thermal walls causes asymmetry in the flow and thermal fields. In addition, the transfer of the heat generated by the pressure dilatation and the viscous stress is facilitated by the turbulent heat flux term and the mean molecular heat flux term.
Data-driven model for Lagrangian evolution of velocity gradients in incompressible turbulent flows
Authors: Das Rishita , Girimaji Sharath S.
Published: April 2024

Velocity gradient tensor,

$A_{ij}\equiv \partial u_i/\partial x_j$

, in a turbulence flow field is modelled by separating the treatment of intermittent magnitude (

$A = \sqrt {A_{ij}A_{ij}}$

) from that of the more universal normalised velocity gradient tensor,

$b_{ij} \equiv A_{ij}/A$

. The boundedness and compactness of the

$b_{ij}$

-space along with its universal dynamics allow for the development of models that are reasonably insensitive to Reynolds number. The near-lognormality of the magnitude

$A$

is then exploited to derive a model based on a modified Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. These models are developed using data-driven strategies employing high-fidelity forced isotropic turbulence data sets. A posteriori model results agree well with direct numerical simulation data over a wide range of velocity-gradient features and Reynolds numbers.
NONDEFINABILITY RESULTS FOR ELLIPTIC AND MODULAR FUNCTIONS
Authors: MCCULLOCH RAYMOND
Published: April 2024

Let

$\Omega $

be a complex lattice which does not have complex multiplication and

$\wp =\wp _\Omega $

the Weierstrass

$\wp $

-function associated with it. Let

$D\subseteq \mathbb {C}$

be a disc and

$I\subseteq \mathbb {R}$

be a bounded closed interval such that

$I\cap \Omega =\varnothing $

. Let

$f:D\rightarrow \mathbb {C}$

be a function definable in

$(\overline {\mathbb {R}},\wp |_I)$

. We show that if f is holomorphic on D then f is definable in

$\overline {\mathbb {R}}$

. The proof of this result is an adaptation of the proof of Bianconi for the

$\mathbb {R}_{\exp }$

case. We also give a characterization of lattices with complex multiplication in terms of definability and a nondefinability result for the modular j-function using similar methods.
HERMESIANAX'S POETICS OF LOVE IN CONTEXT
Authors: Giuseppetti Massimo
Published: April 2024

The article focusses on the catalogue of love-affairs from Book 3 of Hermesianax's Leontion (fr. 7 Powell = 3 Lightfoot). Contrary to two basic assumptions of previous scholarship, this article underscores that fr. 3 Lightfoot is neither representative of the Leontion as a whole nor an instance of unsophisticated poetic production. The evidence indicates that Hermesianax's catalogue might have played a crucial role in shaping the later reception of some of the figures he portrays (Mimnermus, Antimachus and perhaps even Hesiod). Finally, several points of contact with Clearchus of Soli show that Hermesianax may be engaging with relevant aspects of contemporary culture, most of all the Peripatetic investigation of biography and the phenomenology of love.
Dances with Zigzags in Toro Muerto, Peru: Geometric Petroglyphs as (Possible) Embodiments of Songs
Authors: Rozwadowski Andrzej , Wołoszyn Janusz Z.
Published: April 2024

Southern Peru is home to one of the richest sites with rock art in South America—Toro Muerto. A unique aspect of the iconography of the petroglyphs of the site is the figures of dancing humans, the so-called danzantes, which are additionally frequently associated with geometric motifs, mostly variants of zigzag lines. Drawing upon intriguing data recorded during Reichel-Dolmatoff's research in Colombia related to the meaning of analogous motifs in Tukano art, as well as broader exploration of the sonic sphere in South American cultures and the thesis that Amazonian animism was a more archaic ontology over a broader area of South America, this paper suggests that the geometric patterns at Toro Muerto, with which the figures of danzantes are juxtaposed, may have been representations of songs. An extension of this hypothesis is the suggestion that some of the more complex compositions consisting of danzantes and linear geometric motifs were graphic metaphors of transfer to the other world.
Ethical and Equitable Digital Health Research: Ensuring Self-Determination in Data Governance for Racialized Communities
Authors: Islam Mozharul , Valiani Arafaat A. , Datta Ranjan , Chowdhury Mohammad , Turin Tanvir C.
Published: April 2024

Recent studies highlight the need for ethical and equitable digital health research that protects the rights and interests of racialized communities. We argue for practices in digital health that promote data self-determination for these communities, especially in data collection and management. We suggest that researchers partner with racialized communities to curate data that reflects their wellness understandings and health priorities, and respects their consent over data use for policy and other outcomes. These data governance approach honors and builds on Indigenous Data Sovereignty (IDS) decolonial scholarship by Indigenous and non-indigenous researchers and its adaptations to health research involving racialized communities from former European colonies in the global South. We discuss strategies to practice equity, diversity, inclusion, accessibility and decolonization (EDIAD) principles in digital health. We draw upon and adapt the concept of Precision Health Equity (PHE) to emphasize models of data sharing that are co-defined by racialized communities and researchers, and stress their shared governance and stewardship of data that is generated from digital health research. This paper contributes to an emerging research on equity issues in digital health and reducing health, institutional, and technological disparities. It also promotes the self-determination of racialized peoples through ethical data management.
Atrioventricular valve surgery in patients with univentricular heart and two separate atrioventricular valves
Authors: Mayr Benedikt , Osawa Takuya , Staehler Helena , Schaeffer Thibault , Röhlig Christoph , Cleuziou Julie , Hager Alfred , Ewert Peter , Hörer Jürgen , Lange Rüdiger , Ono Masamichi
Published: April 2024

Objectives:

Atrioventricular valve regurgitation in patients with univentricular heart is a well-known risk factor for adverse outcomes and atrioventricular valve repair remains a particular surgical challenge.

Methods:

We reviewed all surgical atrioventricular valve procedures in patients with univentricular heart and two separate atrioventricular valves who underwent surgical palliation. Endpoints of the study were reoperation-free survival and cumulative incidence of reoperation.

Results:

Between 1994 and 2021, 202 patients with univentricular heart and two separate atrioventricular valve morphology underwent surgical palliation, with 15.8% (32/202) requiring atrioventricular valve surgery. Primary diagnoses were double inlet left ventricle (n = 14, 43.8%), double outlet right ventricle (n = 7, 21.9%), and congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (n = 7, 21.9%). Median weight at valve surgery was 10.6 kg (interquartile range, 7.9–18.9). Isolated left or right atrioventricular valve surgery was required in nine (28.1%) and 22 patients (68.8%), respectively. Concomitant left and right atrioventricular valve surgery was performed in one patient (3.1%). Closure of the left valve was conducted in four patients (12.5%) and closure of the right valve in three (9.4%). Operative and late mortality were 3.1% and 9.7%, respectively. Reoperation-free survival and cumulative incidence of reoperation at 10 years after surgery were 62.3% (standard error of the mean: 6.9) and 30.9% (standard error of the mean: 9.6), respectively.

Conclusions:

In patients with univentricular heart and two separate atrioventricular valves, surgical intervention on these valves is required in a minority of patients and is associated with low mortality but high incidence of reoperation.
Was misst der Wahl-O-Mat
Authors: Gloy Kilian , Kandler Christian
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung: Der Wahl-O-Mat ist ein Online Tool zur politischen Bildung, das im Vorfeld einer Wahl über die Positionen der teilnehmenden Parteien informiert. Zu diesem Zweck beantworten Nutzer_innen eine Reihe von Thesen und das Programm berechnet die Übereinstimmung der Antworten mit denen der Parteien. So soll die Identifikation mit Parteien verbessert und die Wahlbeteiligung erhöht werden. Die faktorielle Validität des Wahl-O-Mat in Bezug auf die Abbildung politischer Orientierungen wurde bisher auf Basis der Parteienähnlichkeit beurteilt. Diese Studie bestimmt die faktorielle Validität des Wahl-O-Mat der Bundestagswahl 2021 auf Basis der Übereinstimmung von Nutzer_innen und Parteien mittels explorativer Faktorenanalyse anhand von drei Stichproben. Die Analyse ergab eine inhaltlich valide Struktur mit drei Faktoren. Diese Faktoren lassen sich darstellen als eine Dimension, welches ein Links-Rechts-Spektrum repräsentiert, eine rechtsorientierte Populismus- und eine ökonomische Konservatismusdimension. Die Fähigkeit des Wahl-O-Mat, das grundlegende politische Spektrum in ausreichender Komplexität darzustellen, spricht für seine Validität und für den Auswahlprozess der Thesen.
Tracking the Subsolar Bow Shock and Magnetopause: Applying the Magnetosheath Velocity Gradient Method
Authors: Silveira M. V. D. , Sibeck D. G. , Cardoso F. R. , Gjerloev J. W.
Published: April 2024

Both the bow shock and magnetopause move in response to varying solar wind and magnetospheric conditions. Tracking their locations can provide important clues to the state of the solar wind‐magnetosphere interaction, but is difficult with single spacecraft observations. This paper employs multipoint THEMIS observations of velocity gradients in the subsolar magnetosheath to remotely sense boundary locations on a continual basis for various solar wind conditions. We present three cases: (a) continuous northward IMF and no magnetopause motion; (b) southward IMF and no magnetopause motion with evidence of nightside activity; and (c) southward IMF and pressure increase with inward motion. When observing spacecraft are located near the Sun‐Earth line, inferred boundary locations agree well with the predictions of the BATS‐R‐US global magnetohydrodynamic model, confirming the utility of both the new method and the models. Results show that boundaries often lie nearly at rest with amplitudes less than 0.5 RE. They provide evidence indicating that nightside reconnection and a strong sunward convection in the outer magnetosphere can counteract the magnetopause erosion expected when a southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) initiates reconnection on the dayside magnetopause.