bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CLINICAL STUDY OF BODY MASS INDEX ON WOUND INFECTION AND HEALING EFFECTS
Authors: GUO DEHONG , ZHU JINLIAN , CHANG JIHUI , LEI DAN , TANG DONGMEI , ZHANG SHUANG
Published: July 2024

Background: Obesity, characterized by excess fat accumulation, is associated with heightened inflammation and infection risk. However, the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and wound healing remains unclear. Objective: The study aimed to explore the relationship between BMI and wound infection incidence, pathogenic bacterial strains in wounds, and wound healing promotion using different BMI values in conventional medical dressings. Methods: The study included 120 patients with traumatic and orthopedic wound infections and 40 patients with vertebral fractures to assess dressing efficacy and the influence of BMI index on healing outcomes. Wound infection incidence rates, pathogenic bacteria distribution within groups, and antibiotic resistance were identified, and their association with BMI was evaluated. Factors contributing to wound infection were analyzed. Results: The wound infection incidence rate was 30.36% without statistically significant correlation with BMI ([Formula: see text]). A weak correlation ([Formula: see text]) was established between the distribution of pathogenic bacterial strains with cause of trauma and BMI ([Formula: see text]). Wound exposure time ([Formula: see text]), wound depth ([Formula: see text]), and hospital stay ([Formula: see text]) were identified as independent wound infection risk factors. Conclusions: BMI exhibited a weak correlation with pathogenic bacteria distribution and negatively correlated with the degree of wound healing.
ALGINATE-BASED CELL ENCAPSULATION USING DIFFERENT CROSSLINKER ELEMENTS
Authors: ACAR ÖZGE KARABIYIK , TUNCER A. ALPEREN , ŞAHIN FIKRETTIN , KÖSE GAMZE TORUN , AYSAN ERHAN
Published: July 2024

Alginate microcapsules are the most frequently used materials for cell transplantation. Different crosslinkers affect crosslinking affinity, which has a significant influence on microcapsule properties. The objective was to prepare in vitro microcapsules using calcium, barium, iron, manganese, nickel, and strontium as divalent cations to observe their potential for use in cell transplantation. Sodium alginate was added dropwise to the individually prepared crosslinkers to observe diffusion-based gelling. Alginate microcapsules were investigated regarding capsule stability, physiological properties, and cell viability. After 30 days of incubation, cell viability was greater than 90% for the cell-encapsulated microcapsules when crosslinked with CaCl2 and NiCl2. Viability decreased in the following order: [Formula: see text]. A compression test was performed to investigate the required force to deform 30% of microcapsules, and only MnCl2, FeCl2 (180[Formula: see text]mM), and NiCl2 (50[Formula: see text]mM) demonstrated higher resistance to the applied force than CaCl2. Except for the FeCl2 group, all cell-encapsulated microcapsules remained intact for 45 days. Potential sensitivities to CaCl2 during cell transplantation may compel alternative crosslinker usage, and our study revealed that NiCl2 and BaCl2 can be used as alternative crosslinkers to CaCl2 due to their high cell viability and consistent stability.
Almost borderenergetic line graphs
Authors: Dede Cahit , Maden Ayşe Dilek
Published: July 2024

The energy of a graph is calculated by summing the absolute values of the eigenvalues found in its adjacency matrix. In this study, we present examples of line graphs with energy equivalent to the energy of a complete graph, which are called the borderenergetic graphs. As the examples of borderenergetic line graphs are rare, we introduce a new type of graphs called almost borderenergetic graphs whose energy differs from the borderenergetic energy by at most 1. In this paper, we begin by exploring the energy properties of line graphs derived from regular graphs and strongly regular graphs. Specifically, we establish a criterion for a line graph to exhibit borderenergetic characteristics when it consists of [Formula: see text] many connected regular graphs and [Formula: see text] many complete graphs, even when the original regular graph is disconnected. Additionally, we present a criterion for the line graph of a strongly regular graph to exhibit borderenergetic characteristics. To illustrate these concepts, we offer examples of connected borderenergetic graphs that are not necessarily complete. In the second part, we give the spectrum of the line graph of [Formula: see text], and show that it is an almost borderenergetic graph for [Formula: see text].
Implications of depth conversion on fault geometries and fault-risk assessment in the Smeaheia CO
2
storage site, northern North Sea
Authors: Holden Nora , Alaei Behzad , Skurtveit Elin , Braathen Alvar
Published: July 2024

Assessments of fault geometries and fault-risk parameters are crucial when evaluating the integrity of a structurally controlled CO
2
storage site. To perform these assessments, seismic data, recorded in time, must be converted to depth. The velocity models used for this time to depth conversion influence the final depth image and, consequently, the geometry of the interpreted faults. Against this background, we created four velocity models for depth conversion, assessed the impact on fault throw, dip and thickness of the primary seal, and, subsequently, a fault-risk assessment of the Vette Fault Zone in the Smeaheia CO
2
storage site. We found that depth conversion had a larger influence on fault throw and thickness of the primary seal than on fault dip. In contrast, the overall assessment of the presence of a membrane seal and geomechanical integrity showed less sensitivity to the depth conversion process. Consequently, we suggest that a relatively robust fault-risk assessment can be made with a variety of velocity model designs and data input. Nevertheless, we found a mean difference of 2% in the shale gouge ratio, 4% in the slip tendency and 9% in the dilation tendency for the Vette Fault Zone, emphasizing the importance of accounting for the influence of depth conversion in optimizing structural assessments in potential CO
2
storage sites.
Operational strategies and well design for reservoir thermal energy storage (RTES)
Authors: Panja Palash , Deo Milind , Powell Kody , Green Sidney , McLennan John
Published: July 2024

The intermittency of renewable energy sources necessitates effective energy storage solutions. This study narrows in on reservoir thermal energy storage (RTES) as a system to bridge the supply–demand gap through the storage and recovery of heated water for periods ranging from daily to monthly timescales. By injecting hot water into subsurface formations and later retrieving it for use in electricity generation or direct heating, the viability of RTES is explored for load-levelling applications, typically on daily to monthly timescales rather than extended seasonal or multi-year storage. Many factors including formation parameters (e.g. permeability, porosity, thermal conductivity of rock, thickness and insulating layers), completion parameters such as injection well design, operational parameters such as injection and production rates, and schedule affect the facility's performance. The two key performance indicators (KPI) considered herein are the produced water temperature and the heat recovery factor. In this study, three operational strategies and four different well completions were investigated using a coupled fluid–thermal simulation model. Heat loss from the upper and lower boundaries of the reservoir was also studied. While the immediate impact of initial hydro-thermal charging on produced water temperature may not persist in the long-term operation, it does influence the overall system efficiency by reducing the cumulative heat recovery. Through detailed analysis, it is demonstrated that vertical injection across the entire well length offers a balanced approach between minimizing pumping costs and maximizing heat extraction efficiency. This study establishes basic calculations for developing innovative operational and completion strategies to maximize the long-term economic benefit of RTES.
ACM Risks Forum Quarterly Summary
Authors: Neumann Peter G.
Published: July 2024

This is an annotated summary of the main items contributed to the ACM Risks Forum in the most recent quarter, orgnanized categorically. References (R i j) to the online Risks Forum denote RISKS vol i number j. Cited RISKS items generally identify contributors and sources, together with URLs. Official RISKS archives are available at www.risks.org, with nice html formatting and search engine courtesy of Lindsay Marshall at Newcastle: http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks/i.j.html (also ftp://www.sri.com/risks). CACM Inside Risks: http://www.csl.sri.com/neumann/insiderisks.html
On the Academia-Industry 'Gap' from a Perspective of Professors' Choices and their Psychological Implications
Authors: Kamthan Pankaj , Shahmir Nazlie
Published: July 2024

The professors need to do their part in reducing the so-called academiaindustry 'gap'. However, doing so through their teaching, the professors face seemingly unavoidable limits and limitations, which can induce cognitive dissonance, or even feeling of ineptitude and/or culpability. This note investigates such phenomenon.
Emerging Advanced Technologies for Game Engineering
Authors: Arnedo-Moreno Joan , Cooper Kendra M. L. , Lin Dayi
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the outcomes of the 8th International Workshop on Games and Software Engineering (GAS 2024)1 are reported. The one-day workshop has been held as part of the 46th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2024) in Lisbon, Portugal on April 14, 2024. The workshop programme includes two exciting keynotes discussing topics related to harnessing video game simulations to generate content and locate bugs, and the experience of maintaining a popular FOSS library, raylib. There are three research paper sessions. The first relates to automation in game engineering; the second explores testing and quality assurance; and the third discusses specification and quality of service. The conclusion of the workshop is anchored by a panel of four researchers, educators, and practitioners discussing the current strengths and limitations of large language models in game engineering.
From document-centric to data-centric public service provision
Authors: Konstantinidis Ioannis , Kapantai Eleni , Michailidis Alexios , Deligiannis Athanasios , Berberidis Christos , Magnisalis Ioannis , Peristeras Vassilios
Published: July 2024

The profound digitization of public administration over recent decades has not eliminated information exchange via paper or electronic documents and certificates. We argue that a paradigm shift from document-centric to data-centric public service provision is needed and is feasible today with the exploitation of emerging technologies. We explore frameworks, architectures, benefits, and challenges in transforming document-centric administration processes into integrated, granular data exchange. A conceptual architecture for public service provision is proposed to extract preconditions from legislation, map the needed evidence to the service requirements, standardize evidence types, and integrate authoritative data sources. While promoting efficiency, privacy, and innovation, this shift faces technical and organizational challenges as the analysis of the “National Registry of Administrative Public Services” in Greece reveals. Further research on aligning policies, upholding trust, and coordinating institutional processes is warranted.
M is for Motivation or How To Support Student Autonomy in Asynchronous Online Courses
Authors: Whitehead Patrick
Published: July 2024

Drawing on his recent book,
Autonomy-Supportive Teaching in Higher Education: A Practical Guide for College Professors
(Rowman & Littlefield, 2023), Whitehead describes how to apply the evidence-based principles of autonomy-support into asynchronous online courses. These include, among others, being patient with students as they adapt to the learning system, designing surveys where students choose course topics, and creating opportunities for students to interact with one another.
Bacteriophage-Based Bioanalysis
Authors: Parker David R. , Nugen Sam R.
Published: July 2024

Bacteriophages, which are viral predators of bacteria, have evolved to efficiently recognize, bind, infect, and lyse their host, resulting in the release of tens to hundreds of propagated viruses. These abilities have attracted biosensor developers who have developed new methods to detect bacteria. Recently, several comprehensive reviews have covered many of the advances made regarding the performance of phage-based biosensors. Therefore, in this review, we first describe the landscape of phage-based biosensors and then cover advances in other aspects of phage biology and engineering that can be used to make high-impact contributions to biosensor development. Many of these advances are in fields adjacent to analytical chemistry such as synthetic biology, machine learning, and genetic engineering and will allow those looking to develop phage-based biosensors to start taking alternative approaches, such as a bottom-up design and synthesis of custom phages with the singular task of detecting their host.
Impact of Interface Trap Charges on Silicon Carbide (4H-SiC) Based Gate – Stack, Dual Metal, Surrounding Gate, FET (4H-SiC- GSDM-SGFET) for Analog and Noise Performance Analysis for 5 G/LTE Applications
Authors: Neeraj  , Sharma Shobha , Goel Anubha , Rewari Sonam , Deswal S. S. , Gupta R. S.
Published: July 2024

This article examines the impact of various interface trap charges on silicon carbide-based gate—stack, dual metal, surrounding gate, FET (4H-SiC-GSDM-SGFET). It has been contrasted for performance with silicon carbide (4H-SiC)-based dual metal, surrounding gate, FET (4H-SiC-DM- SGFET). For both devices, output characteristics including transconductance (gm), output conductance (gd), drain current (Ids), gate capacitance (Cgg), cutoff frequency (fT) and threshold voltage (Vth) have been examined. Surface potential and electron concentration were also inspected using a contour plot for both the device structures. A gate-stack with a high k- dielectric, Lanthanum oxide (La2O3) along with gate dielectric layer Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) was used for proposed structure implementation. Additionally, we investigated how trap charges affect noise figure (NF) and noise conductance (NC). Also, a CMOS inverter has been developed and its output characteristics have been compared for both the device architectures. ATLAS 3-D device simulator has been employed to conduct the simulations.
Effect of Ho3+ Doping on Structural and Magnetic Properties of Multiferroic YbMnO3
Authors: Kishore Yadav Nand , K. Damodar Reddy , D. Swathi , R. Nagaraju , P. Sowjanya , K. N. Prasanna Kumari , N. Kumar Swamy , T. Ramesh , N. Pavan Kumar
Published: July 2024

Using the traditional solid-state reaction approach, multiferroic ceramics with the compositional formula Yb1−xHoxMnO3, where x = 0 to 0.4 with 0.1 variation were synthesized. The structural and magnetic properties of the prepared poly-crystalline samples Yb1−xHoxMnO3 were investigated to show the effect of higher magnetic moment Ho3+ ion over the Yb ion. X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the compound’s crystal structure and confirm that they have a hexagonal single-phase structure with a P6
3
cm space group. The presence of functional groups and their shifting to lower frequency regions were revealed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. UV–vis absorbance spectra were used to calculate the energy gap values, and the resultant data shows a decrease in band gap values with an increase in Ho3+ doping. Crystal deformation with the doping of Ho3+ was observed using Raman spectra. Room-temperature magnetic studies were used to reveal the paramagnetic nature of the samples and the increase in magnetic parameters due to the doping of the higher magnetic moment Ho3+ ion.
Influence of Zinc Manganite Nano Fillers on the Optical and Dielectric Features of Poly-Methyl Methacrylate/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites
Authors: El-Naggar A. M. , Heiba Zein K. , Kamal A. M. , Ibrahim R. M. , Mohamed Mohamed Bakr
Published: July 2024

Poly (methyl methacrylate, PMMA)/ multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/ x wt %zinc manganite (ZnMn2O4) polymers were fabricated using co-precipitation and casting techniques. The structure of the filler and all polymers was determined with X-ray diffraction. The morphology of the polymer surfaces was explored by employing scanning electron microscopy. The direct and indirect band gap energies (E
g) of PMMA polymer (5.02, 4.44) eV decreased attaining minimum values (4.97, 3.41) eV upon the addition of MWCNTs and 2 wt% ZnMn2O4. The refractive index at 600 nm was increased from 1.33 (PMMA) to 1.55 (x = 2 wt% ZnMn2O4). The optical dielectric constant and optical conductivity displayed their highest values when the ZnMn2O4 doping level reached 2 wt%. The PMMA/MWCNTs/x wt% ZnMn2O4 polymers exhibited blue-violet colors on the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram under excitation wavelength of 317 nm. The electrical dielectric constant and the AC conductivity attained their peak at the concentration of 2 wt% and 1 wt% ZnMn2O4, respectively. PMMA/MWCNTs/x wt% ZnMn2O4 polymers possess controllable optical and electrical characteristics, thus making them potentially valuable optical materials for future optoelectronic or photocatalytic application development.
Regulating distal nephron functions and salt sensitivity
Authors: Ueda Kohei , Shimosawa Tatsuo
Published: July 2024

This review highlights the molecular basis of salt sensitivity in hypertension, with a focus on the regulation of sodium transport in the distal nephron. Sodium reabsorption in this region is often linked to the actions of aldosterone, although in recent years numerous findings have been reported on the aldosterone-independent pathway of acquiring salt sensitivity by potassium deficiency or potassium loading. The key to this discussion is the interplay, through extracellular potassium concentration, between the first part of the tubules expressing the Na+-Cl− cotransporter (NCC) and the second part expressing the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). The molecular pathways such as with-no-lysine 1 (WNK)-STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK)/oxidative stress-responsive kinase 1 (OSR1) signaling, Kelch-like family member 3 (KLHL3)-cullin 3 (CUL3) complex, protein phosphatases, and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2)-Nedd4L pathway are described as the mechanism by which salt sensitivity on blood pressure is acquired in response to changes in physiological conditions including potassium depletion or loading. This review highlights the potential for targeting these molecular pathways to develop novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of salt-sensitive hypertension, the mechanism of which remains to be elucidated.
The mineralocorticoid receptor in diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Jia Guanghong , Lastra Guido , Bostick Brian P. , LahamKaram Nihay , Laakkonen Johanna P. , Ylä-Herttuala Seppo , Whaley-Connell Adam
Published: July 2024

Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease and its progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is characterized by glomerular hypertrophy, hyperfiltration, inflammation, and the onset of albuminuria, together with a progressive reduction in glomerular filtration rate. This progression is further accompanied by tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Factors such as genetic predisposition, epigenetic modifications, metabolic derangements, hemodynamic alterations, inflammation, and inappropriate renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity contribute to the onset and progression of DKD. In this context, decades of work have focused on glycemic and blood pressure reduction strategies, especially targeting the RAAS to slow disease progression. Although much of the work has focused on targeting angiotensin II, emerging data support that the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is integral in the development and progression of DKD. Molecular mechanisms linked to the underlying pathophysiological changes derived from MR activation include vascular endothelial and epithelial cell responses to oxidative stress and inflammation. These responses lead to alterations in the microcirculatory environment, the abnormal release of extracellular vesicles, gut dysbiosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and kidney fibrosis. Herein, we present recent experimental and clinical evidence on the MR in DKD onset and progress along with new MR-based strategies for the treatment and prevention of DKD.
Neuroplastic alterations in common synaptic inputs and synergistic motor unit clusters controlling the vastii muscles of individuals with ACL reconstruction
Authors: Nuccio Stefano , Germer Carina M. , Casolo Andrea , Borzuola Riccardo , Labanca Luciana , Rocchi Jacopo E. , Mariani Pier Paolo , Felici Francesco , Farina Dario , Falla Deborah , Macaluso Andrea , Sbriccoli Paola , Del Vecchio Alessandro
Published: July 2024

Chronic quadriceps dysfunction is common after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). We investigated voluntary force control strategies by estimating common inputs to motor neurons innervating the vastii muscles. Our results showed attenuated common inputs to the vastus lateralis and plastic rearrangements in functional clusters of motor neurons modulating knee extension forces in the reconstructed limb. These findings suggest neuroplastic adjustments following ACLR that may occur to fine-tune the control of quadriceps forces.
ALBI Grade Is Associated with Clinical Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients with AKI: A Cohort Study with Cox Regression and Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Yang Chao , Yu Zhikang , Peng Bo , Mao Changkun , Li Junting , Cao Yongsheng
Published: July 2024

Background. The albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) grade has surfaced as a viable substitute for assessing liver functional reserve in individuals afflicted with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ALBI grade also demonstrates the capacity to stratify distinct patient subcohorts bearing disparate prognostic implications in not only HCC but also other inflammatory diseases like acute pancreatitis. However, the association between ALBI grade and clinical outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) remains mysterious. Methods. The dataset was sourced from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care Database IV (MIMIC‐IV) version 2.0. ALBI grade was calculated in a nomogram utilizing albumin and bilirubin. In order to ascertain the connection between ALBI grades and clinical outcomes of patients with AKI, Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was employed with in‐hospital, 30‐ and 90‐day mortality as end points, respectively. The Kaplan–Meier (K–M) curve was employed to gauge the cumulative incidence of mortality based on various ALBI grades. To explore potential nonlinear relationships, the Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) approach was adopted. Furthermore, a subgroup analysis was conducted to validate the durability of the correlation between ALBI grade and in‐hospital mortality. Furthermore, equilibrium of confounding variables was also achieved through the application of propensity score matching (PSM). Results. The study encompassed a total of 12,518 patients (ALBI grade 1 : 2878, grade 2 : 6708, and grade 3 : 2932). Patients with heightened ALBI grades displayed a significant correlation with increased mortality in both univariate and various multivariate Cox regression models. RCS depicted a predominantly linear relationship. The robustness of the correlation was also affirmed across multifarious subpopulations through subgroup analysis. The association still remains after PSM. Conclusion. Elevated ALBI grade was associated with worse clinical outcomes of critically ill patients with AKI.
Life‐Threatening Anaphylaxis due to Cerebrolysin®
Authors: Trimmel Helmut , Tauber Wolfgang , Zikeli Martin
Published: July 2024

In this case report, we describe a well‐documented, severe anaphylactic reaction after intravenous administration of cerebrolysin, a neurotrophic agent derived from highly purified porcine brain tissue, consisting of peptides and free amino acids. Cerebrolysin has been in use for decades, in various neurological diseases, but especially stroke and traumatic brain injury, with the aim of enhancing cognitive performance. After administration of cerebrolysin to an 85‐year‐old male patient suffering from subacute stroke, he developed a fulminant anaphylactic reaction. Following institutional standards, vital functions were quickly restored. The anaphylactic reaction was clearly confirmed by laboratory tests. To date, only rare cases of anaphylaxis due to cerebrolysin have been published in the literature. The current report is intended to raise awareness for the possibility of such a reaction, given the widespread use of cerebrolysin in several indications in mostly critical patients. The case shows how a completely unexpected life‐threatening situation can be successfully treated by targeted measures, if the situation is recognized quickly. In light of this event, we consider pathophysiology of allergic reactions and treatment guidelines.
Targeting Cholesterol Biosynthesis with Statins Synergizes with AKT Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Hillis Alissandra L. , Martin Timothy D. , Manchester Haley E. , Högström Jenny , Zhang Na , Lecky Emmalyn , Kozlova Nina , Lee Jonah , Persky Nicole S. , Root David E. , Brown Myles , Cichowski Karen , Elledge Stephen J. , Muranen Taru , Fruman David A. , Barry Simon T. , Clohessy John G. , Madsen Ralitsa R. , Toker Alex
Published: July 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is responsible for a disproportionate number of breast cancer patient deaths due to extensive molecular heterogeneity, high recurrence rates, and lack of targeted therapies. Dysregulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway occurs in approximately 50% of TNBC patients. Here, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen with PI3Kα and AKT inhibitors to find targetable synthetic lethalities in TNBC. Cholesterol homeostasis was identified as a collateral vulnerability with AKT inhibition. Disruption of cholesterol homeostasis with pitavastatin synergized with AKT inhibition to induce TNBC cytotoxicity in vitro in mouse TNBC xenografts and in patient-derived estrogen receptor (ER)–negative breast cancer organoids. Neither ER-positive breast cancer cell lines nor ER-positive organoids were sensitive to combined AKT inhibitor and pitavastatin. Mechanistically, TNBC cells showed impaired sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2) activation in response to single-agent or combination treatment with AKT inhibitor and pitavastatin, which was rescued by inhibition of the cholesterol-trafficking protein Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). NPC1 loss caused lysosomal cholesterol accumulation, decreased endoplasmic reticulum cholesterol levels, and promoted SREBP-2 activation. Taken together, these data identify a TNBC-specific vulnerability to the combination of AKT inhibitors and pitavastatin mediated by dysregulated cholesterol trafficking. These findings support combining AKT inhibitors with pitavastatin as a therapeutic modality in TNBC.

Significance: Two FDA-approved compounds, AKT inhibitors and pitavastatin, synergize to induce cell death in triple-negative breast cancer, motivating evaluation of the efficacy of this combination in clinical trials.
The Innate Immune Landscape of dMMR/MSI Cancers Predicts the Outcome of Nivolumab Treatment: Results from the Drug Rediscovery Protocol
Authors: Zeverijn Laurien J. , Geurts Birgit S. , Battaglia Thomas W. , van Berge Henegouwen Jade M. , de Wit Gijs F. , Hoes Louisa R. , van der Wijngaart Hanneke , van der Noort Vincent , Roepman Paul , de Leng Wendy W.J. , Jansen Anne M.L. , Chalabi Myriam , van Herpen Carla M.L. , Devriese Lot A. , Erdkamp Frans L.G. , Labots Mariette , de Jonge Maja J.A. , Kerver Emile D. , Bins Adriaan D. , Leek Lindsay V.M. , Notohardjo Jessica C.L. , van den Eertwegh Alfonsus J.M. , Wessels Lodewyk F.A. , Verheul Henk M.W. , Gelderblom Hans , van de Haar Joris , Voest Emile E.
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

The treatment efficacy of nivolumab was evaluated in patients with advanced, treatment-refractory solid mismatch repair deficiency/microsatellite-instable (dMMR/MSI) tumors, and in-depth biomarker analyses were performed to inform precision immunotherapy approaches.

Patients and Methods:

Patients with dMMR/MSI tumors who exhausted standard-of-care treatment options were enrolled in the Drug Rediscovery Protocol, a pan-cancer clinical trial that treats patients with cancer based on their tumor molecular profile with off-label anticancer drugs (NCT02925234). Patients received nivolumab (four cycles of 240 mg every 2 weeks, thereafter 480 mg every 4 weeks). The primary endpoint was clinical benefit (CB: objective response or stable disease ≥16 weeks). Whole-genome sequencing and RNA sequencing were performed on pretreatment tumor biopsies.

Results:

A total of 130 evaluable patients were enrolled with 16 different cancer types. CB was observed in 62% [95% confidence interval (CI), 53–70], with an objective response in 45% (95% CI, 36–54). After a median follow-up of 14.5 months (95% CI, 13–19), the median progression-free survival was 18 months (95% CI, 9–not reached), and the median overall survival was not reached. Whereas CB was not, or only weakly, associated with markers of adaptive immune cell infiltration, CB was strongly associated with expression of a broad set of innate immune receptors/ligands. This clearly contrasted findings in melanoma, in which markers of adaptive immunity dominated the biomarker landscape.

Conclusions:

Nivolumab proved highly effective in advanced dMMR/MSI tumors. Expression of key innate immune receptors/ligands was the main predictor of a good treatment outcome, contrasting findings in melanoma and strengthening the rationale for tumor type–specific biomarkers for guiding immunotherapy.
Supplementary Table 2 from Stratification to Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy in Rectal Cancer by Regimen and Transcriptional Signatures
Authors: Mahmood Umair , Blake Andrew , Rathee Sanjay , Samuel Leslie , Murray Graeme , Sebag-Montefiore David , Gollins Simon , West Nicholas P. , Begum Rubina , Bach Simon P. , Richman Susan D. , Quirke Phil , Redmond Keara L. , Salto-Tellez Manuel , Koelzer Viktor H. , Leedham Simon J. , Tomlinson Ian , Dunne Philip D. , Buffa Francesca M. , Maughan Tim S. , Domingo Enric
Published: July 2024

Supplementary Table 2
Supplementary Material from Stratification to Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy in Rectal Cancer by Regimen and Transcriptional Signatures
Authors: Mahmood Umair , Blake Andrew , Rathee Sanjay , Samuel Leslie , Murray Graeme , Sebag-Montefiore David , Gollins Simon , West Nicholas P. , Begum Rubina , Bach Simon P. , Richman Susan D. , Quirke Phil , Redmond Keara L. , Salto-Tellez Manuel , Koelzer Viktor H. , Leedham Simon J. , Tomlinson Ian , Dunne Philip D. , Buffa Francesca M. , Maughan Tim S. , Domingo Enric
Published: July 2024

Supplementary Material
Figure 2 from Stratification to Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy in Rectal Cancer by Regimen and Transcriptional Signatures
Authors: Mahmood Umair , Blake Andrew , Rathee Sanjay , Samuel Leslie , Murray Graeme , Sebag-Montefiore David , Gollins Simon , West Nicholas P. , Begum Rubina , Bach Simon P. , Richman Susan D. , Quirke Phil , Redmond Keara L. , Salto-Tellez Manuel , Koelzer Viktor H. , Leedham Simon J. , Tomlinson Ian , Dunne Philip D. , Buffa Francesca M. , Maughan Tim S. , Domingo Enric
Published: July 2024

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with complete response (CR) based on interaction with treatment type demonstrated a trend that favored RT+5FU/Cap+Ox recipients over RT+5FU/Cap patients with respect to CMS4 and overexpression of stromal signatures. However, RT+5FU/Cap+Ox recipients were less likely to achieve CR with increasing tumor purity and RSS scores. *OR is reported as “OR per SD” to account for diverse distributions. LateTA score, late transient-amplifying score; Ma-TBRS, macrophage TGFβ response signature.
Spatial Contextual Information Modulates Affordance Processing and Early Electrophysiological Markers of Scene Perception
Authors: Naveilhan Clément , Saulay-Carret Maud , Zory Raphaël , Ramanoël Stephen
Published: July 2024

Scene perception allows humans to extract information from their environment and plan navigation efficiently. The automatic extraction of potential paths in a scene, also referred to as navigational affordance, is supported by scene-selective regions (SSRs) that enable efficient human navigation. Recent evidence suggests that the activity of these SSRs can be influenced by information from adjacent spatial memory areas. However, it remains unexplored how this contextual information could influence the extraction of bottom–up information, such as navigational affordances, from a scene and the underlying neural dynamics. Therefore, we analyzed ERPs in 26 young adults performing scene and spatial memory tasks in artificially generated rooms with varying numbers and locations of available doorways. We found that increasing the number of navigational affordances only impaired performance in the spatial memory task. ERP results showed a similar pattern of activity for both tasks, but with increased P2 amplitude in the spatial memory task compared with the scene memory. Finally, we reported no modulation of the P2 component by the number of affordances in either task. This modulation of early markers of visual processing suggests that the dynamics of SSR activity are influenced by a priori knowledge, with increased amplitude when participants have more contextual information about the perceived scene. Overall, our results suggest that prior spatial knowledge about the scene, such as the location of a goal, modulates early cortical activity associated with SSRs, and that this information may interact with bottom–up processing of scene content, such as navigational affordances.
Assessing the Impact of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Speech Perception in Noise
Authors: Brisson Valérie , Tremblay Pascale
Published: July 2024

Healthy aging is associated with reduced speech perception in noise (SPiN) abilities. The etiology of these difficulties remains elusive, which prevents the development of new strategies to optimize the speech processing network and reduce these difficulties. The objective of this study was to determine if sublexical SPiN performance can be enhanced by applying TMS to three regions involved in processing speech: the left posterior temporal sulcus, the left superior temporal gyrus, and the left ventral premotor cortex. The second objective was to assess the impact of several factors (age, baseline performance, target, brain structure, and activity) on post-TMS SPiN improvement. The results revealed that participants with lower baseline performance were more likely to improve. Moreover, in older adults, cortical thickness within the target areas was negatively associated with performance improvement, whereas this association was null in younger individuals. No differences between the targets were found. This study suggests that TMS can modulate sublexical SPiN performance, but that the strength and direction of the effects depend on a complex combination of contextual and individual factors.
Differential Mnemonic Contributions of Cortical Representations during Encoding and Retrieval
Authors: Howard Cortney M. , Huang Shenyang , Hovhannisyan Mariam , Cabeza Roberto , Davis Simon W.
Published: July 2024

Several recent fMRI studies of episodic and working memory representations converge on the finding that visual information is most strongly represented in occipito-temporal cortex during the encoding phase but in parietal regions during the retrieval phase. It has been suggested that this location shift reflects a change in the content of representations, from predominantly visual during encoding to primarily semantic during retrieval. Yet, direct evidence on the nature of encoding and retrieval representations is lacking. It is also unclear how the representations mediating the encoding–retrieval shift contribute to memory performance. To investigate these two issues, in the current fMRI study, participants encoded pictures (e.g., picture of a cardinal) and later performed a word recognition test (e.g., word “cardinal”). Representational similarity analyses examined how visual (e.g., red color) and semantic representations (e.g., what cardinals eat) support successful encoding and retrieval. These analyses revealed two novel findings. First, successful memory was associated with representational changes in cortical location (from occipito-temporal at encoding to parietal at retrieval) but not with changes in representational content (visual vs. semantic). Thus, the representational encoding–retrieval shift cannot be easily attributed to a change in the nature of representations. Second, in parietal regions, stronger representations predicted encoding failure but retrieval success. This encoding–retrieval “flip” in representations mimics the one previously reported in univariate activation studies. In summary, by answering important questions regarding the content and contributions to the performance of the representations mediating the encoding–retrieval shift, our findings clarify the neural mechanisms of this intriguing phenomenon.
Revenge: a Modern View on a Historical Problem
Authors: Kolyvanova Elina V. , Enikolopov Sergey N.
Published: July 2024

Background. The phenomenon of revenge has been widely studied in psychology since the beginning of the 20th century. Acts of revenge are considered in psychoanalysis, social, family, criminal, legal and other areas of psychology. Nowadays behaviour based on the motive of revenge is found in virtual environment. There is an ambivalent attitude towards revenge. On the one hand, a person who does not get revenge seems weak. On the other hand, seeking for revenge can be perceived as an unconstructive way of behaving. Despite the prevalence of revenge, there is no generally accepted opinion in psychological science regarding the definition of revenge. Objectives. The aim of this work is to analyze various ideas about revenge and to highlight the components of vengeful behaviour, based on which the form of reciprocal aggression can be classified as revenge. The problem of distinguishing between the concepts of “revenge”, “retribution”, “resentment” and “punishment” is considered. Results. Revenge has a significant difference from other forms of aggressive behaviour. Revenge is always a reaction to previous aggression. The motivational component includes two aspects: the desire to take revenge (revenge seeking) and the desire to maintain a comfortable level of self-esteem. Society has a dual function in relation to revenge: as an initial motive influencing the choice of response to resentment, and as a deterrent factor. The willingness to forgive is determined by moral development, a number of personal characteristics and changes in the motivational sphere. Conclusions. In psychological science, the phenomenon of revenge is subjected to a thorough theoretical analysis. Due to the fact that revenge is an intrapersonal phenomenon, the development of methodological tools, including psychodiagnostic techniques, is necessary for the development of revenge research.
Methodological Significance of E. Fromm's Works for the Development of an Integrative Approach to Understanding the Personal Prerequisites of Clients’ Problems in Psychotherapy and its Purpose
Authors: Kapustin Sergey A.
Published: July 2024

Background. A number of well-known and leading theories of psychotherapy developed in the works of S. Freud, A. Adler, K. Jung, E. Fromm, K. Rogers, and V. Frankl unites a common theoretical provision that the most important prerequisites for many problems of psychotherapy clients who seek for help from a psychologist are the characteristics of their personality. However, all these authors lack a common understanding of what these personal prerequisites are, as well as they lack a common understanding of the purpose of psychotherapy. Objectives. In this first of the four articles planned for publication, based on the works of E. Fromm, we are going to formulate the basic theoretical provisions that constitute the basis for integrative approach to understanding the personal prerequisites of the problems of clients of psychotherapy and its purpose. This would allow us to consider the different points of view on these issues of all these authors from a unified, common position. Results. The analysis of the theory of humanistic psychoanalysis by E. Fromm made it possible to identify its main provisions characterizing human nature, productive and unproductive personality. Conclusions. Based on these results, we have formulated three basic theoretical positions that form the basis of an integrative approach to understanding the personal prerequisites of the problems in psychotherapy and its purpose. The first of them characterizes the objective property of human life inherent in its very nature; the second refers to the typical personal prerequisites for the problems of clients of psychotherapy; the third describes the purpose of psychotherapy. In the next three publications, it will be shown that different ideas about the personal prerequisites of the problems of clients in psychotherapy and its purpose contained in the psychotherapeutic theories of Z. Freud, A. Adler, K. Jung, K. Rogers, and V. Frankl allow for considering them from a unified, common position set by these three basic provisions.
Personal Characteristics of Students who Left the Zone of Military Operations
Authors: Tkachenko Nadejda S. , Mishina Marina M.
Published: July 2024

Background. A comparative analysis of the personal characteristics, coping behaviour, and resilience of students who left the line of contact and students living on the territory bordering zone of special military operation is the theoretical basis for the justification of the programme for psychological support for refugees from the combat zone, as well as the population living on the line of fight contact. Objectives. The study aims to compare the personal characteristics of students who left the line of fight contact and students living on the territory bordering the SMO zone Study Participants. First-year students of the Pedagogical Institute of the Belgorod State National Research University (n = 81) aged 18 to 20 years took part in the study. Of these, 40 students left the line of contact and 41 students were living on the territory bordering the SMO zone. Methods. To study the coping strategy of behaviour, we used the test “Overcoming difficult life situations” (by V. Janke and G. Erdmann in the adaptation of N.E. Vodopyanova). R. Kettell's 16-factor personality questionnaire was used to determine personal characteristics. The resilience of the subjects was studied using the resilience test (by S. Muddy in the adaptation of D.A. Leontiev and E.I. Rasskazova). Results. It is proved that students living on the territory bordering on the zone of SMO have a higher level of resilience. Their involvement in the ongoing life events, the desire to actively act, acquire new skills and experience, increase their self-confidence and contribute to the formation of pleasure from their own activities, in contrast to the students who left the fight zone and are more likely to show self-doubt, distrust of the world, anxiety, irritability, a sense of helplessness and unproductive coping strategies. Conclusions. The study identifies distinctive features in the personal qualities, coping behaviour and resilience of students who left the fightline and students living on the territory bordering the SMO zone. Students who left the combat zone are less resilient, more often use unproductive coping strategies, are more intellectual, anxious, irritable and tense, and more often show leadership potential, compared to the students who live in the territory bordering the combat contact line. The results obtained were taken into account when developing the “Resilient Personality” training; they form the basis of the programme for psychological support for refugees from the combat zone, as well as the population living in the territory bordering the SMO zone.
Hieracium pallidum subsp. amiatae (Asteraceae), a new subspecis from Monte Amiata (Tuscany, Italy)
Authors: GOTTSCHLICH GÜNTER , SELVI FEDERICO , DUNKEL FRANZ G.
Published: July 2024

Hieracium pallidum subsp. amiatae, a new hawkweed from the summit of the volcanic dome of Monte Amiata (Tuscany, Italy) is described and illustrated. It is similar to H. pallidum subsp. lanudae from which it differs in very dense stellate hairs on the involucral bracts.
Biophysical Resource Characterization, Identification and Prioritization of Major Constraints and Potentials of Gara Ebanu Community Watershed in Sululta District, Ethiopia
Authors: Bedada Endale , Mengistu Bikila , Muluna Meseret , Tolosa Meron , Jifara Mengistu , Biri Alemayehu , Legesse Firaol , Lemma Ajema , Hora Bedo , Teklu Lemma , Abera Woubalem
Published: July 2024

Baseline characterization helps to understand the initial livelihood condition of the people in the watershed before and after the intervention of the project to measure the amount of change attained by the project. The objective of the study was to characterize baseline information on the existing biophysical resource used as benchmark for planning and impact monitoring and to identify and major constraints and potential in the watershed. The watershed was selected depending on agro-ecological representation, prevalence of resource management and land degradation problems and accessibility for intensive follow-up. Based on the preliminary outlet identified during the watershed selection process, the watershed boundary was delineated using GPS data and the map of watershed was geo-referenced and digitized for its contour, roads, rivers, and other features. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study and primary data was collected through field observation, household survey, focus group discussion and interview of the key informants. From the total 103 household heads living in the watershed, 62 household heads were selected as a respondent for the study. The collected data was managed and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft excel 2010. The results of the study showed that about 29.4% of the watershed slope was characterized by flat lands, 45.7% moderate slope and 24.9% steep lands. As well as soil fertility status of cultivated land in the watershed were 33.9% low, 55.9% moderate and 10.2% high. The results of the study showed that the major constraints identified by sampled household heads were decline of soil fertility, soil erosion, climate change, land shortage, and deforestation were significantly contributed to the low crop yield in the watershed. About 27.4% of the sampled households had encountered decline of soil fertility problems, 25.8% of sample farmers encountered soil erosion problem, and 22.6% of sample farmers encountered climate change problem in the watershed. From the identified major constraints, the highest priorities were given for decline of soil fertility, soil erosion problem, shortage of feed and fodder, and decline of crop productivity respectively. In the watershed, immediate short-term actions should be taken particularly participatory integrated watershed management were recommended.