bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strain rate of stretch affects crossbridge detachment during relaxation of intact cardiac trabeculae
Authors: Tanner Bertrand C. W. , Palmer Bradley M. , Chung Charles S.
Published: March 2024

Mechanical Control of Relaxation refers to the dependence of myocardial relaxation on the strain rate just prior to relaxation, but the mechanisms of enhanced relaxation are not well characterized. This study aimed to characterize how crossbridge kinetics varied with strain rate and time-to-stretch as the myocardium relaxed in early diastole. Ramp-stretches of varying rates (amplitude = 1% muscle length) were applied to intact rat cardiac trabeculae following a load-clamp at 50% of the maximal developed twitch force, which provides a first-order estimate of ejection and coupling to an afterload. The resultant stress-response was calculated as the difference between the time-dependent stress profile between load-clamped twitches with and without a ramp-stretch. The stress-response exhibited features of the step-stretch response of activated, permeabilized myocardium, such as distortion-dependent peak stress, rapid force decay related to crossbridge detachment, and stress recovery related to crossbridge recruitment. The peak stress was strain rate dependent, but the minimum stress and the time-to-minimum stress values were not. The initial rapid change in the stress-response indicates enhanced crossbridge detachment at higher strain rates during relaxation in intact cardiac trabeculae. Physiologic considerations, such as time-varying calcium, are discussed as potential limitations to fitting these data with traditional distortion-recruitment models of crossbridge activity.
Protocol to measure validity and reliability of colorectal, breast, cervical and lung cancer screening questions from the 2021 National Health Interview Survey: Methodology and design
Authors: Kessler Larry G. , Comstock Bryan , Aiello Bowles Erin J. , Mou Jin , Nash Michael G. , Bravo Perla , Fleckenstein Lynn E. , Pflugeisen Chaya , Gao Hongyuan , Winer Rachel L. , Ornelas India J. , Smith Cynthia , Neslund-Dudas Chris , Shetty Punith
Published: March 2024

Previous studies demonstrate that self-reports of mammography screening for breast cancer and colonoscopy screening for colorectal cancer demonstrate concordance, based on adherence to screening guidelines, with electronic medical records (EMRs) in over 90% of those interviewed, as well as high sensitivity and specificity, and can be used for monitoring our Healthy People goals. However, for screening tests for cervical and lung cancers, and for various sub-populations, concordance between self-report and EMRs has been noticeably lower with poor sensitivity or specificity. This study aims to test the validity and reliability of lung, colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer screening questions from the 2021 and 2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). We present the protocol for a study designed to measure the validity and reliability of the NHIS cancer screening questions compared to EMRs from four US-based healthcare systems. We planned a randomized trial of a phone- vs web-based survey with NHIS questions that were previously revised based on extensive cognitive interviewing. Our planned sample size will be 1576 validity interviews, and 1260 interviews randomly assigned at 1 or 3 months after the initial interview. We are enrolling people eligible for cancer screening based on age, sex, and smoking history per US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations. We will evaluate question validity using concordance, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and report-to-records ratio. We further are randomizing participants to complete a second survey 1 vs 3 months later to assess question reliability. We suggest that typical measures of concordance may need to be reconsidered in evaluating cancer screening questions.
Phenolic concentrations and carbon/nitrogen ratio in annual shoots of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) after simulated herbivory
Authors: Schrijvers-Gonlag Marcel , Skarpe Christina , Julkunen-Tiitto Riitta , Poléo Antonio B. S.
Published: March 2024

Herbivory can be reduced by the production of defense compounds (secondary metabolites), but generally defenses are costly, and growth is prioritized over defense. While defense compounds may deter herbivory, nutrients may promote it. In a field study in boreal forest in Norway, we investigated how simulated herbivory affected concentrations of phenolics (generally a defense) and the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio in annual shoots of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), a deciduous clonal dwarf shrub whose vegetative and generative parts provide forage for many boreal forest animals. We measured concentrations of total tannins, individual phenolics, nitrogen and carbon following several types and intensities of herbivory. We identified 22 phenolics: 15 flavonoids, 1 hydroquinone and 6 phenolic acids. After high levels of herbivory, the total tannin concentration and the concentration of these 22 phenolics together (called total phenolic concentration) were significantly lower in bilberry annual shoots than in the control (natural herbivory at low to intermediate levels). Low-intensive herbivory, including severe defoliation, gave no significantly different total tannin or total phenolic concentration compared with the control. Many individual phenolics followed this pattern, while phenolic acids (deterring insect herbivory) showed little response to the treatments: their concentrations were maintained after both low-intensive and severe herbivory. Contrary to our predictions, we found no significant difference in C/N ratio between treatments. Neither the Carbon:Nutrient Balance hypothesis nor the Optimal Defense hypotheses, theories predicting plant resource allocation to secondary compounds, can be used to predict changes in phenolic concentrations (including total tannin concentration) in bilberry annual shoots after herbivory: in this situation, carbon is primarily used for other functions (e.g., maintenance, growth, reproduction) than defense.
Don’t judge a book or health app by its cover: User ratings and downloads are not linked to quality
Authors: Hyzy Maciej , Bond Raymond , Mulvenna Maurice , Bai Lu , Frey Anna-Lena , Carracedo Jorge Martinez , Daly Robert , Leigh Simon
Published: March 2024

Objective

To analyse the relationship between health app quality with user ratings and the number of downloads of corresponding health apps.

Materials and methods

Utilising a dataset of 881 Android-based health apps, assessed via the 300-point objective Organisation for the Review of Care and Health Applications (ORCHA) assessment tool, we explored whether subjective user-level indicators of quality (user ratings and downloads) correlate with objective quality scores in the domains of user experience, data privacy and professional/clinical assurance. For this purpose, we applied spearman correlation and multiple linear regression models.

Results

For user experience, professional/clinical assurance and data privacy scores, all models had very low adjusted R squared values (< .02). Suggesting that there is no meaningful link between subjective user ratings or the number of health app downloads and objective quality measures. Spearman correlations suggested that prior downloads only had a very weak positive correlation with user experience scores (Spearman = .084, p = .012) and data privacy scores (Spearman = .088, p = .009). There was a very weak negative correlation between downloads and professional/clinical assurance score (Spearman = -.081, p = .016). Additionally, user ratings demonstrated a very weak correlation with no statistically significant correlations observed between user ratings and the scores (all p > 0.05). For ORCHA scores multiple linear regression had adjusted R-squared = -.002.

Conclusion

This study highlights that widely available proxies which users may perceive to signify the quality of health apps, namely user ratings and downloads, are inaccurate predictors for estimating quality. This indicates the need for wider use of quality assurance methodologies which can accurately determine the quality, safety, and compliance of health apps. Findings suggest more should be done to enable users to recognise high-quality health apps, including digital health literacy training and the provision of nationally endorsed “libraries”.
Hepatitis B screening and knowledge among Chinese and Vietnamese students in Australia
Authors: Cama Elena , Brener Loren , Broady Timothy , Horwitz Robyn , Jin Defeng , Vu Hoang Minh Khoi , Wu K. O. E. , Treloar Carla
Published: March 2024

Research has shown that there are significant gaps in hepatitis B knowledge among migrant communities who are at risk of hepatitis B, such as Chinese and Vietnamese communities. Many students studying within Australia come from countries with high prevalence of hepatitis B. However, there is very little research examining hepatitis B knowledge, screening, or vaccination among university students in Australia or worldwide. The aim of this paper was to measure both levels of and demographic differences in hepatitis B screening and knowledge among Chinese and Vietnamese students in Australia. Online surveys were completed by 112 Chinese- and 95 Vietnamese-identifying students in Australia, measuring knowledge of hepatitis B, engagement in screening and vaccination, and demographic characteristics. Results show that although engagement in screening and vaccination for hepatitis B was high, there were significant gaps in knowledge around transmission of hepatitis B. There were also some key demographic differences in screening and knowledge. For instance, those born in Australia were more likely to have been screened compared to those born Mainland China, Hong Kong, or Vietnam. Chinese students born in Australia had lower levels of knowledge compared to those born in Mainland China or Hong Kong. Among both samples, knowing someone living with hepatitis B was associated with higher levels of knowledge. Findings underscore the need for education-based interventions to address the significant gaps that exist in knowledge around hepatitis B, with a specific need for culturally appropriate resources in a range of languages to cater to the diverse communities who may be at risk of hepatitis B.
Structure-guided design of VAR2CSA-based immunogens and a cocktail strategy for a placental malaria vaccine
Authors: Ma Rui , Salinas Nichole D. , Orr-Gonzalez Sachy , Richardson Brandi , Ouahes Tarik , Torano Holly , Jenkins Bethany J. , Dickey Thayne H. , Neal Jillian , Duan Junhui , Morrison Robert D. , Gittis Apostolos G. , Doritchamou Justin Y. A. , Zaidi Irfan , Lambert Lynn E. , Duffy Patrick E. , Tolia Niraj H.
Published: March 2024

Placental accumulation of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes results in maternal anemia, low birth weight, and pregnancy loss. The parasite protein VAR2CSA facilitates the accumulation of infected erythrocytes in the placenta through interaction with the host receptor chondroitin sulfate A (CSA). Antibodies that prevent the VAR2CSA-CSA interaction correlate with protection from placental malaria, and VAR2CSA is a high-priority placental malaria vaccine antigen. Here, structure-guided design leveraging the full-length structures of VAR2CSA produced a stable immunogen that retains the critical conserved functional elements of VAR2CSA. The design expressed with a six-fold greater yield than the full-length protein and elicited antibodies that prevent adhesion of infected erythrocytes to CSA. The reduced size and adaptability of the designed immunogen enable efficient production of multiple variants of VAR2CSA for use in a cocktail vaccination strategy to increase the breadth of protection. These designs form strong foundations for the development of potent broadly protective placental malaria vaccines.
Rubisco small subunit (RbCS) is co-opted by potyvirids as the scaffold protein in assembling a complex for viral intercellular movement
Authors: Qin Li , Liu Hongjun , Liu Peilan , Jiang Lu , Cheng Xiaofei , Li Fangfang , Shen Wentao , Qiu Wenping , Dai Zhaoji , Cui Hongguang
Published: March 2024

Plant viruses must move through plasmodesmata (PD) to complete their life cycles. For viruses in the Potyviridae family (potyvirids), three viral factors (P3N-PIPO, CI, and CP) and few host proteins are known to participate in this event. Nevertheless, not all the proteins engaging in the cell-to-cell movement of potyvirids have been discovered. Here, we found that HCPro2 encoded by areca palm necrotic ring spot virus (ANRSV) assists viral intercellular movement, which could be functionally complemented by its counterpart HCPro from a potyvirus. Affinity purification and mass spectrometry identified several viral factors (including CI and CP) and host proteins that are physically associated with HCPro2. We demonstrated that HCPro2 interacts with both CI and CP in planta in forming PD-localized complexes during viral infection. Further, we screened HCPro2-associating host proteins, and identified a common host protein in Nicotiana benthamiana–Rubisco small subunit (NbRbCS) that mediates the interactions of HCPro2 with CI or CP, and CI with CP. Knockdown of NbRbCS impairs these interactions, and significantly attenuates the intercellular and systemic movement of ANRSV and three other potyvirids (turnip mosaic virus, pepper veinal mottle virus, and telosma mosaic virus). This study indicates that a nucleus-encoded chloroplast-targeted protein is hijacked by potyvirids as the scaffold protein to assemble a complex to facilitate viral movement across cells.
Inclusión laboral: un compromiso pendiente de las organizaciones frente a las personas con discapacidad
Authors: Camacho Betancourt Daniela , Gallego Echeverri Mónica Patricia , Rubio Luz Adriana
Published: March 2024

Las sociedades actuales se ven abocadas a fortalecer los procesos de inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad, dando respuesta a las necesidades de reconocimiento de la diversidad de conocimientos, habilidades y capacidades de la fuerza laboral, sumado a la responsabilidad social corporativa de las organizaciones. Esta investigación se centró en identificar los procesos de inclusión laboral que se llevan a cabo en las organizaciones en Armenia, Quindío. Bajo un abordaje metodológico cuantitativo en prospectiva, de tipo transversal descriptivo, se contó con una muestra de 243 trabajadores relacionados con el área de gestión humana de las organizaciones. El instrumento utilizado fue la escala de inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad –Working Inclusion Disability People Scale-WINDIPS–, que se basa en las dimensiones de apoyo y vinculación, permanencia y progreso, las cuales se desarrollan a partir de diferentes prácticas inclusivas. La versión final consta de 12 ítems con opción de respuesta tipo Likert. Finalmente, se obtuvo una puntuación total donde el 24.7 % tenían bajas prácticas de inclusión, el 53.5 % un nivel medio y el 21.8 % un nivel alto. Se logró identificar que más de la mitad de las organizaciones participantes aún requieren trabajar en sus prácticas de inclusión laboral.
Calidad de vida en colombianos con discapacidad intelectual: efectos del confinamiento ocasionado por COVID-19
Authors: Córdoba Andrade Leonor , Enciso Luna Jhon Elkin , Cuervo Arias Carmen Beatriz
Published: March 2024

La pandemia llevó a que se incrementaran las medidas de bioseguridad y se adoptara el confinamiento para evitar la propagación del virus, lo que repercutió en la calidad de vida de todas las personas, incluyendo a aquellas con discapacidad intelectual. El propósito de este estudio fue establecer cómo era la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad intelectual durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario en línea que fue completado por 78 familias de personas con discapacidad intelectual en Colombia. Los principales hallazgos dan cuenta de que al 91 % de las personas con discapacidad intelectual le explicaron sobre el confinamiento y el 79,5 % tuvo conocimiento acerca de las causas para dicho confinamiento; el 43.6 % presentó un nivel alto de participación en las actividades y rutinas familiares; el 80.8 % pudo elegir los espacios y tiempos para realizar sus actividades individuales; el 92.3 % tuvo acceso a los implementos y recursos necesarios para su vida diaria; el 71.8 % no experimentó cambios en los hábitos de alimentación; el 44.9 % reportó un estado regular de salud; el 64.1 % experimentó cambios en sus hábitos de sueño, y el 79.5 % no recibió apoyos gubernamentales. Las personas con discapacidad intelectual moderada tuvieron un mayor contacto con su familia extensa (52.50 %) y un 85.7 % de quienes presentaban discapacidad severa y profunda evidenciaron cambios en su estado de ánimo. En conclusión, las personas con discapacidad intelectual experimentaron una serie de adaptaciones en los entornos inmediatos, que tuvieron que llevar a cabo las familias y las instituciones, para minimizar el impacto del confinamiento en su calidad de vida.
EDITORIAL N 52
Authors: González Martínez Nelson Fernando , Sanandres Campis Eliana
Published: March 2024

Este número 52 de la revista Memorias ofrece tres artículos de investigación, una traducción y una reseña. El artículo con el que abre este número reflexiona sobre el surgimiento de los comerciantes ambulantes informales que vendían y compraban mercancías en la Lima colonial. Paula Ermila Rivasplata Varillas, la autora, hace un valioso aporte de historia social urbana latinoamericana. Este trabajo permite conocer las regulaciones impuestas al comercio informal a lo largo de todo el periodo colonial. También permite conocer como reaccionaban los sectores involucrados a tales controles. De manera inédita, la autora analiza la forma en que eran adquiridos (muchas veces al por mayor) los productos comercializados informalmente al menudeo en la capital peruana. Los lectores y lectoras podrán enterarse de los diferentes espacios (sobre todo del centro de Lima) donde se efectuaba gran parte de la actividad comercial informal colonial. Sin duda, esta contribución se suma a una serie de trabajos escritos en inglés y español sobre las prácticas y la vida cotidiana en las capitales de la América española. Paralelamente, Marcos Parada-Ulloa escribe sobre las haciendas jesuitas del Valle de Itata en Chile colonial. El autor analiza las implicaciones que tuvo la instalación de estos centros productivos en el centro del territorio austral. El artículo realiza un selectivo recorrido por casos emblemáticos de siglo XVII con información particular, oficial y eclesiástica. Particularmente, Parada Ulloa tiene la intención de demostrar que la llegada de las haciendas jesuitas transformó diversos procesos agrícolas de producción, adquisición de tierras o incluso interacción social en la región estudiada. El autor no pierde de vista el objetivo evangelizador y misional que estuvo detrás de estas grandes empresas productivas de carácter religioso. La instalación de las haciendas jesuitas en Itata coincide con la instauración de la Guerra Defensiva en Chile, donde los castellanos esperaban reaccionar en contra de ciertos grupos indígenas reacios a la ocupación castellana. Sin duda, se trata de un trabajo que aporta a una historiografía extensa sobre la primera parte del siglo XVII en un entorno socialmente agitado como el chileno.
Patrimonialización, despojo material y nuevas estrategias de puesta en valor de los sitios de memoria Villa San Luis De las Condes y balneario popular Rocas de Santo Domingo (Chile, 1970 - actualidad)
Authors: Bustamante Danilo Javiera , Placencia Jorge , Olivares Oscar
Published: March 2024

Este artículo aborda los procesos de patrimonialización de dos sitios de memoria protegidos como Monumentos Históricos, las ruinas de la ex villa San Luis de Las Condes y del ex balneario popular Rocas de Santo Domingo, ambos lugares utilizados para la represión política y/o la resistencia contra la dictadura cívico militar chilena de Augusto Pinochet. En base a un trabajo de campo etnográfico y un análisis historiográfico, se reflexiona sobre la insuficiencia de la Ley de Monumentos Nacionales para el efectivo resguardo y preservación de los sitios protegidos y el rol que agrupaciones de víctimas de violaciones a los derechos humanos han tenido a fin de evitar su progresiva intervención y destrucción. A través de esta aproximación, se analizan los espacios como monumentos desintegrados, reflexionando sobre la emergencia de nuevas tecnologías en la puesta en valor de espacios acechados por el progresivo despojo material.
Sharing reference intervals and monitoring patients across laboratories – findings from a likely commutable external quality assurance program
Authors: Farrell Christopher J.L. , Jones Graham R.D. , Sikaris Kenneth A. , Badrick Tony , Graham Peter , Bush Jonathan
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Laboratory results are increasingly interpreted against common reference intervals (CRIs), published clinical decision limits, or previous results for the same patient performed at different laboratories. However, there are no established systems to determine whether current analytical performance justifies these interpretations. We analysed data from a likely commutable external quality assurance program (EQA) to assess these interpretations.

Methods

The use of CRIs was assessed by evaluating instrument group medians against minimum specifications for bias. The use of clinical decision limits was assessed using specifications from professional bodies, and the monitoring of patients by testing at different laboratories was assessed by comparing all-laboratory imprecision to within-subject biological variation.

Results

Five of the 18 analytes with Australasian CRIs did not meet specification for all instrument groups. Among these, calcium and magnesium failed for one instrument group out of seven, while bicarbonate, chloride, and lipase failed for two instrument groups. Of the 18 analytes reviewed currently without CRIs in Australasia, 10 candidates were identified. Among analytes with clinical decision limits, i.e. lipids, glucose, and vitamin D, only triglycerides met both bias and imprecision specifications, while vitamin D met the imprecision specification. Monitoring patients by testing at different laboratories was supported for 15 of the 46 (33 %) analyte-method principles groups that met minimum imprecision specifications.

Conclusions

Analysis of data from commutable EQA programs can provide a mechanism for monitoring whether analytical performance justifies the interpretations made in contemporary laboratory practice. EQA providers should establish systems for routinely providing this information to the laboratory community.
Evaluation of the operational performance of Karbala waste water treatment plant under variable flow using GPS-X model
Authors: Khudhair Noor Abdulhussein , Nile Basim K. , Al-Baidani Jabbar Hammoud
Published: March 2024

As Karbala City is a religious tourism destination, millions of tourists visit the city annually, so there is a high fluctuation of flow in the wastewater between the plants during the year. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Karbala, Iraq, in removing pollutants for different flow rates in five scenarios using the GPS-X model. The most important phase in modeling, which greatly impacts simulation accuracy, is characterizing the influent composition to meet the mass balance. As a result, the influent wastewater was initially described and thoroughly examined. The model has been calibrated, followed by the collected data’s validation. The sensitivity of different stoichiometric and kinetic factors in the GPS-X was examined and screened to calibrate the model. To demonstrate the consistency between the simulated and measured data, the route mean square error was used in this instance. The result showed that the Karbala WWTP complies with Iraqi environmental regulations for water discharged to surface water or water for other uses and has an appropriate efficiency of wastewater treatment even if the flow entering the plant reaches the peak flow rate of 180,000/day. An improvement in orthophosphate removal efficiency was observed as the flow rate increased because of the contact time in the anaerobic basins, which gradually decreased as the flow increased until it reached the appropriate time for

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removal. The outcomes of the present study provide an impression to the operators of the treatment plant of the impact of fluctuating flow on the treatment plant. The developed model can also be used for future studies.
Antipodal vivaldi array MIMO antenna for 5G FR2 applications at 28 GHz with improved isolation
Authors: Golla Ramysree , Nelaturi Suman
Published: March 2024

This paper proposed a two port antipodal vivaldi antenna (AVA) for 5G FR2 (frequency range 2) applications at 28 GHz with improved bandwidth,gain and isolation. Each antenna consists of two array elements. The proposed antenna has dimensions 23.8 × 54 × 0.79 mm3 and is fabricated on Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 material. This material has a 2.2 low dielectric constant and mainly suitable for broadband high frequency applications. Proposed antenna covers −10 dB below from 25.51 to 33 GHz band, which having 7.49 GHz bandwidth. Gain for the presented MIMO (Multiple input multiple output) AVA array is varying from 8.50 to 12.44 dBi. A better isolation −34.56 dB is obtained between two antenna elements. MIMO characteristics like ECC (Envelope correlation coefficient), CCL (Channel capacity loss), DG (Diversity Gain), TARC (Total active reflection coefficient), and MEG (Mean effective gain) are satisfied with good results for presented antenna. The proposed antenna is designed using ansys HFSS simulation tool.
Fabrication of magnetically separable Ag–ZnFe2O4 hollow nanospheres with efficient photocatalytic activity
Authors: Liu Zhenxing
Published: March 2024

Environmental pollution seriously affects the survival of human beings. Semiconductor photocatalysis technology is considered to be one of the most effective ways to solve environmental pollution and energy shortage. The high degradation efficiency of nanometric photocatalysts has attracted extensive attention, but the photocatalysts are difficult to recycle and reuse, which limits their application. ZnFe2O4 hollow nano-photocatalysts loaded with different contents of Ag were successfully prepared by template-assisted calcination and photoreduction, and can be conveniently separated from water in a magnetic environment. The results indicate that Ag–ZnFe2O4 possess a hollow nano-shell structure with a particle size distribution of about 280 nm and a shell thickness of about 24 nm. Ag–ZnFe2O4 shows the strongest photocurrent intensity and photocatalytic performance compared to bulk ZnFe2O4 and nano ZnFe2O4. When the concentration of AgNO3 solution is 0.2 mmol, Ag–ZnFe2O4 has the strongest photodegradation efficiency to degrade RhB under visible light irradiation. After several photodegradation experiments, the photodegradation efficiency is only decreased by 2.8 %, further proving that Ag–ZnFe2O4 possess good application value in wastewater treatment.
Image schemas in gestural metaphorical scenarios of swearing
Authors: Dyrmo Tomasz
Published: March 2024

The following study integrates the concept of image schema with the idea of gestural metaphorical scenario, showing how image schematic properties of gestures feed into a pragmatically-oriented gestural metaphorical scenario distributed across different speakers. The study shows that a gestural metaphorical scenario of swearing is based on several image schemas: the cognitively primary object image schema, the source-path-goal image schema, showing the trajectory of movement of an imaginary object, and the blockage image schema, enacting the meaning of not being willing to accept an imaginary object into the speaker’s personal space, effectively leading to blocking its way. The proposed integration also lends more credence to the idea of a multilevel metaphor, where a single metaphor is treated as consisting of various elements at different levels of schematicity. Apart from that, the study shows that the straight image schema, visible in pointing gestures, is a scenario-independent conceptual element surfacing when people use gestures while swearing, projecting a way out of the speaker’s personal space.
Ökumenischer Lagebericht 2023: Orthodoxie
Authors: Heller Dagmar
Published: March 2024

Dieser Artikel beinhaltet in seinem ersten Teil einen Lagebericht über die Orthodoxie der byzantinischen Tradition. Dabei stehen die Umwälzungen im Mittelpunkt, die durch den Krieg in der Ukraine hervorgerufen wurden. Der zweite Teil berichtet aus dem Bereich der orientalisch-orthodoxen Kirchen und greift die Entwicklungen in Berg-Karabach und Armenien heraus, die den Hintergrund für die ökumenischen Beziehungen zur Armenischen Apostolischen Kirche bilden.
Ökumenischer Lagebericht 2023: Freikirchen in der Ökumene
Authors: Triebel Lothar
Published: March 2024

Der diesjährige Lagebericht zu den Freikirchen beleuchtet einige ökumenisch bedeutsame Ereignisse des Jahres 2023, an denen Freikirchen beteiligt waren, und zeichnet sie in längerfristige Entwicklungen ein. Dabei geht es sowohl um Anlässe in Deutschland als auch auf europäischer und Weltebene. Beispielhaft genannt seien als Größen, deren freikirchenspezifische Vorgänge erläutert werden: VEF; VEF und EKD; DEKT; GEKE; KEK; LWB und MWK; VELKD und BEFG.
Ökumenischer Lagebericht 2023: Konfessionsübergreifende Themen
Authors: Koy Dominik
Published: March 2024

Der ökumenische Lagebericht für konfessionsübergreifende Fragen behandelt Themen, die zeitgleich in unterschiedlichen Konfessionen aufgetaucht sind. Wie bereits im letzten Jahr wird die Frage der Friedensethik und ihrer Entwicklung in Anbetracht einer zunehmenden Zahl kriegerischer Auseinandersetzungen betrachtet, dieses Mal mit einem Fokus auf den ökumenischen Entwicklungen im Heiligen Land. Des Weiteren wird die im Oktober aufgekommene Kontroverse um kirchliche Stellungnahmen zum Schwangerschaftsabbruch und ihre ökumenischen Auswirkungen thematisiert. Zuallererst soll aber die zu Anfang des Jahres entstandene Debatte um die Frauenordination im Mittelpunkt stehen. Den Anlass dafür gaben die Einführung der Ordination von Frauen in der Neuapostolischen Kirche und erneut aufkeimende Diskussionen in den Kirchen des Internationalen Lutherischen Rates sowie Einlassungen von prominenten Gegnern der Frauenordination.
Usage of an improved YOLOv5 for steel surface defect detection
Authors: Wen Huihui , Li Ying , Wang Yu , Wang Haoyang , Li Haolin , Zhang Hongye , Liu Zhanwei
Published: March 2024

The one-stage YOLOv5 steel surface defect detection has issues such as slow operation speed, loss of defect location and semantic information of small targets, and inadequate extraction of defect features. This study proposed a defect detection algorithm with improved YOLOv5 to solve these issues. The proposed algorithm used the slim-neck layer built by three new modules instead of the neck layer in YOLOv5s to achieve a lightweight network model. In addition, the spatial perception self-attention mechanism was introduced to enhance the feature extraction capability of the initial convolutional layer without limiting the input size. The improved Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling was added to expand the perceptual field and capture multiscale contextual information while preventing local information loss and enhancing the relevance of long-range information. The experimental results showed that the improved YOLOv5 algorithm has a reduced model volume, significantly higher detection accuracy and speed than the traditional algorithm, and the ability to detect steel surface defects quickly and accurately.
El Impacto del sector educación en los macroterritorios Norte Chico y Patagonia
Authors: Soza-Amigo Sergio , Paredes Lorena
Published: March 2024

En este artículo se contrasta si los sectores con un PIB cercano al promedio aportan más al sistema económico por medio de sus multiplicadores de empleo y/o efectos de dispersión, que aquellos que presentan un PIB superior a éste. Para lograr aquello se utiliza como referencia un horizonte de 11 años (2008- 2018) y, los 11 centros principales de los macroterritorios de Chile [Norte Chico (6) y Patagonia (5)]. Como instrumento de información se utilizan matrices input-output, desde donde se obtienen las variables PIB, multiplicador de empleo y coeficientes de dispersión, estos últimos entendidos como aquéllos que permiten cuantificar el alcance de las repercusiones de una actividad económica, por medio de sus efectos directos y/o indirectos. Los resultados permiten concluir que, actividades económicas con un PIB cercano al promedio como el del sector educación, presentan efectos difuminados que apoyan la idea de facilitar el desarrollo vía cambios en su producción versus otras que, con altos PIB, presentan unos efectos concentrados que limitan por tanto su aporte en términos de interacción. Estos resultados contribuirán al establecimiento de políticas de desarrollo económico en función de las particularidades de cada territorio.
Memory Politics on Screen: The Aesthetics of Historical Trauma in Izaokas (Isaac) (2019)
Authors: Norkūnaitė Gabrielė
Published: March 2024

This article analyses the Lithuanian feature film Izaokas (Isaac, 2018) as an expression of memory activism. The film actualised heated debates on a national level over the role of ordinary Lithuanians in the Holocaust and collaboration with Nazi Germany, in spite of the fact that the filmmakers did not intend to engage in historical debates. Nonetheless, by generating an immersive experience and engaging viewers at the level of affect, the film effectively engages in polemics with public narratives of the Second World War.
Metallogy of uranium, thorium and the associated elements in the geological structures of Ukraine
Authors: of authors Team
Published: March 2024

The monograph examines the metallogeny of uranium, thorium, and associated elements in the Precambrian and Phanerozoic geological formations and structures of Ukraine. This work continues the own scientific research of the specialists of the special metallurgy department of the State University “IGNS of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”, which are presented in collective monographs (Prospects of Uranium Development…, 2014; Prospects for the development of thorium…, 2017; Metallogeny of uranium ores…, 2019), as well as more than 50 professional articles over the past 10 years. In addition, it is based on the huge researches of the predecessors of other research units of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, as well as on a significant amount of practical researches of production facilities (KP “Kirovgeology”). The work is primarily focused on detailing and improving some theoretical and practical aspects of the problems of forecasting and exploration of uranium and thorium mineralization – genetic models of formation and search criteria and signs of uranium-thorium-bearing formations. The purpose of the work is to promote the development of the mineral and raw material base of the nuclear energy industry of Ukraine based on the improvement of the theoretical foundations of forecasting and prospecting of uranium and thorium mineralization in Ukraine, the study of the metallogeny of uranium, thorium and related elements, the improvement and approval of radiometric, radiogeochemical prospecting methods and techniques and scientific support of extraction. Within this problem, the following results were obtained. Systematics of ore and ore-bearing formations has been improved. Information has been summarized and new data on the geological structure of uranium-bearing and thorium-bearing areas, deposits, ore occurrences have been provided. A complex of isotopic-homochemical studies of uranium and thorium deposits of the Ukrainian Shield (USH) was carried out. The pneumatolitho-hydrothermal genetic model of the formation of uranium-bearing sodium metasomatites (albitites) is substantiated. The search criteria for uranium and thorium deposits have been improved. The results of complex studies of radiation parameters of the environment at uranium and thorium deposits of the Ush are presented. Modern modifications of radiometric, emanation and underground geochemical surveying for the search for uranium and thorium deposits are proposed. An assessment of prospects for expansion of the mineral-raw material base of uranium and thorium and related elements of Ukraine is given. For scientists, specialists, graduate students who research deposits of uranium, thorium and related elements and the problems of expanding the mineral-raw material base of nuclear energy.
Збірник Математично-природописно-лікарської секції НТШ: велична місія
Authors: Мриглод Ігор Миронович
Published: March 2024

Виступ на ювілейній сесії Загальних зборів НАН України, присвяченій 150-річчю від дня заснування Наукового товариства імені Шевченка (8 грудня 2023 року)
Застосування фітобактеріальних угруповань для біоремедіації екосистем
Authors: Гаврилюк Олеся Анатоліївна
Published: March 2024

Доповідь присвячено дослідженню шляхів взаємодії мікроорганізмів та рослин з металами (іммобілізація і мобілізація) на прикладі Купруму та можливості росту мікроорганізмів в умовах надвисоких концентрацій (до 1 моль/л) токсикантів. Теоретично обґрунтовано та експериментально підтверджено ефективність застосування фітобактеріальних угруповань (мікроорганізмів та рослин) для біоремедіації екосистем.
CITIZEN SCIENCE PROJECT'S CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENCE LEARNING OUTCOME: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Aripin Ipin , Hidayat Topik , Rustaman Nuryani Y. , Riandi Riandi
Published: March 2024

The research on the contributions of Citizen Science (CS) at the school and university levels has primarily focused on the technical execution of projects undertaken by participants. Rarely has it measured the types of contributions these projects have on the science learning outcomes of the participants. This study aims to understand various types of Citizen Science Projects and their contributions to science learning achievements at the school and university levels. The study employs the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) method, consisting of five stages: identification, scanning, eligibility, dan inclusion. The research findings identify 19 types of CSPs that contribute to science learning achievements at the school and university levels. Six indicators of science learning outcomes are measured through the implementation of CSPs in science education, both in schools and universities. These indicators include interest in science and the environment, motivation for learning science, self-efficacy, knowledge of content and scientific processes, science inquiry skills, and environmental awareness. The contributions of CSPs to these measured indicators of science learning outcomes show positive and significant results. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that CSPs contribute to science learning outcomes through input, output, and nurturant effects resulting from the implementation of CSPs. Educators can incorporate CSPs into science education to facilitate more optimal science learning.
PROFILE OF STUDENTS' CREATIVE THINKING IN INTEGRATED PHYSICS LEARNING IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
Authors: Lestari Nurita Apridiana , Fitriyah Hana
Published: March 2024

The ability to think creatively in physics learning is needed to help students develop creativity in finding solutions to problem-solving, especially those related to environmental education. This study aims to determine the creative thinking profile of 34 high school students in Jombang on global warming in learning that integrates environmental issues. The research was conducted using creative thinking ability test questions on global warming material, which were then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The results showed that students had poor scores on the elaboration indicator, while the other three indicators (fluency, flexibility, and originality) were in the moderate category. The study concluded that further research is needed to improve students' creative thinking skills at the secondary school level, especially in physics material related to the environment.
Enhancing Analytical Thinking Skills and Scientific Attitudes of Prospective Science Teacher Students through Pre-Practicum Virtual Simulation
Authors: Inayah Nailil , Lubab Ahmad
Published: March 2024

Analytical thinking skills are important for science pre-service teachers to achieve the professional competence of science educators. The aim of national education mandates the formation of a complete human being through the development of character and attitudes in the learning process, including a scientific attitude. Data shows that students' analytical thinking skills are still below standard and scientific attitudes have not been sufficiently trained in learning. The purpose of this research is to describe the analytical thinking skills and scientific attitude of prospective science teacher students through pre-practicum virtual simulation. The research design was a post-test-only control group design with a sample of 55 prospective science teacher students. The data was taken using an analytical thinking ability test and a scientific attitude questionnaire. The instruments used are worksheets and web-based simulations. The experimental class conducted a pre-practicum virtual simulation before the field practicum. The results of the Wilcoxon test were <0,05 showing differences in students’ analytical thinking skills through practicum and pre-practicum virtual simulation learning. The highest score of the analytical thinking skills indicator is ‘organizing’ namely 71,0 in the experimental class. Scientific attitude with the highest indicator is curiosity in the experiment and control class with percentages of 97% and 88% respectively. Overall, both analytical thinking skills and scientific attitude are enhanced through virtual simulation pre-practicum.
Men, Money and Meals
Authors: Ellis Catherine Rose
Published: March 2024

This article looks at the literal and figurative role of consumption in Fougeret de Monbron’s 1753 libertine novel, Margot la ravaudeuse (in English, Margot the stocking-mender).
Yogurt in Persian Cookery
Authors: Mehravari Nader
Published: March 2024

This article explores yogurt in Persian cookery and culture providing examples of the various types of dishes where yogurt plays a key role and provides a recipe for making it.
Kansas City-Style Upscale Dining
Authors: Broomfield Andrea
Published: March 2024

This article is an excerpt from Andrea Broomfield’s book, Iconic Restaurants of Kansas City, part of the American Palate series published by the History Press that focuses on iconic eateries that played a significant role in building city-wide and national culinary identities. The excerpt below comes from Chapter Five and explores the tension that medium-sized Midwestern cities experience when restaurateurs open establishments that stretch diners’ wallets and challenge their palates.
‘Mother of Happy Endings’ and the Indian Mirror
Authors: Nasrallah Nawal
Published: March 2024

The paper explores a thirteenth-century Andalusi text containing  a recipe in which ultra-thin sheets of pastry are intriguingly baked on a gadget the recipe called mir'at Hindiyya (Indian mirror). These sheets of bread, called ruqaq, were required for making an extraordinarily exquisite and elaborate sweet-savoury chicken pie, which the recipe nicknamed Umm al-Faraj (Mother of Happy Endings) and tries to uncover if a mirror was actually used, what type, why Indian and what it might have been made of.
Measuring special education teachers’ attitudes towards students with multiple disabilities
Authors: Sardohan Yıldırım Adile Emel , Alkan Bilal Barış , Bayındır Rabia
Published: March 2024

With this quantitative study we aimed to develop a scale that could be used to assess the attitudes of special education needs (SEN) teachers towards students with multiple disabilities. The scale was tested in 2 stages using 2 different samples. Firstly, the scale was administered to a convenience sample of 215 teachers. For the first study, the participants responded to 39 items related to the scale and 9 demographic questions. This sample was used to perform an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), which showed that the proposed scale had 5 factors and 22 items. A revised scale was applied to 228 participants. The sample was used to complete a confirmatory factor analysis to test the fit of the data to the theoretical structure. The scale’s internal consistency was found to have a Cronbach α of 0.869. With this scale it will be possible to measure special education teachers’ attitudes towards students with multiple disabilities.
Prognostic role of magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen with intravenous contrast and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Grove Roy López , Vespa Florência , Aineseder Martina , Villamil Alejandra , Spina Juan Carlos
Published: March 2024

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of Anali scores, determined by magnetic resonance imaging, for predicting the prognosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and to analyze interobserver variability, as well as to assess the impact of periportal edema and heterogeneous signal intensity on diffusion-weighted imaging of the liver. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 29 patients with PSC and baseline magnetic resonance imaging. Anali scores, without gadolinium (0-5 points) and with gadolinium (0-2 points), were calculated by two radiologists. Clinical end-points included liver transplantation, cirrhotic decompensation, and death. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for interobserver agreement on the Anali scores, performed Kaplan-Meier survival analysis comparing event-free survival among the score strata, and calculated the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves to determine sensitivity and specificity. Results: Among the patients with a clinical event, the median Anali score was 4 (interquartile range [IQR], 2-5) without gadolinium and 2 (IQR, 1–2) with gadolinium, compared with 1 (IQR, 1.0–2.5) and 1 (IQR, 0.25–1.0), respectively, among those without a clinical event. The ICC was 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.57–0.91) for the Anali score with gadolinium and 0.99 (95% confidence interval: 0.98–0.99) for the Anali score without gadolinium. Periportal edema and heterogeneous signal intensity in the liver on diffusion-weighted imaging showed no statistical impact on clinical events (p = 0.65 and p = 0.5, respectively). Conclusion: Anali scores correlate with clinical events in PSC, with a high level of interobserver agreement.