bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Physical Activity and Brain Exercise Program on Cognitive Ability of Healthy Thai Elders
Authors: LEETHONG-IN Mayuree , PIYAWATTANAPONG Sirimart , SOMMONGKOL Sawitree , THHIENGTHAMI Supavadee , KUMNIYOM Nutda
Published: November 2020

This study used a quasi-experimental single-group time series design to compare the effects of a physical activity and brain exercise program on the cognitive ability of healthy Thai elders. It was conducted from December 2015 to May 2016. A purposive sample of 23 people of over 60 years of age was used. The research instruments consisted of 1) the Mini-Mental State Examination Thai 2002 (MMSE-Thai 2002), 2) the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA, Thai version), and 3) the physical activity and brain exercise program devised for this research. The program components were validated and reviewed by 3 experts and yielded a content validity index (CVI) of 0.96. Participants attended the program 8 times (3 h each) over 5 consecutive weeks. Subsequently, participant follow-up progress reviews were done in weeks 10, 14, and 18. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA with Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test and repeated measures ANOVA. Results revealed that the average score for cognitive ability (Mental State and cognitive function) in weeks 10 and 14 and at follow-up in week 18 were statistically significantly higher (p < .05) than the baseline. Recommendation: the physical activity and brain exercise program could improve cognitive ability and should be included in health promoting activities in elders’ clubs or senior schools in the future.
Short Text Document Clustering using Distributed Word Representation and Document Distance
Authors: KONGWUDHIKUNAKORN Supavit , WAIYAMAI Kitsana
Published: November 2020

This paper presents a method for clustering short text documents, such as instant messages, SMS, or news headlines. Vocabularies in the texts are expanded using external knowledge sources and represented by a Distributed Word Representation. Clustering is done using the K-means algorithm with Word Mover's Distance as the distance metric. Experiments were done to compare the clustering quality of this method, and several leading methods, using large datasets from BBC headlines, SearchSnippets, StackExchange, and Twitter. For all datasets, the proposed algorithm produced document clusters with higher accuracy, precision, F1-score, and Adjusted Rand Index. We also observe that cluster description can be inferred from keywords represented in each cluster.
Hierarchical Text Categorization Using Level Based Neural Networks of Word Embedding Sequences with Sharing Layer Information
Authors: KLUNGPORNKUN Mongkud , VATEEKUL Peerapon
Published: November 2020

In text corpora, it is common to categorize each document to a predefined class hierarchy, which is usually a tree. One of the most widely-used approaches is a level-based strategy that induces a multiclass classifier for each class level independently. However, all prior attempts did not utilize information from its parent level and employed a bag of words rather than considered a sequence of words. In this paper, we present a novel level-based hierarchical text categorization with a strategy called “sharing layer information” For each class level, a neural network is constructed, where its input is a sequence of word embedding vectors generated from Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Also, a training strategy to avoid imbalance issues is proposed called “the balanced resampling with mini-batch training” Furthermore, a label correction strategy is proposed to conform the predicted results from all networks on different class levels. The experiment was conducted on 2 standard benchmarks: WIPO and Wiki comparing to a top-down based SVM framework with TF-IDF inputs called “HR-SVM.” The results show that the proposed model can achieved the highest accuracy in terms of micro F1 and outperforms the baseline in the top levels in terms of macro F1.
Optimizing Range Query Processing for Dual Bitmap Index
Authors: KEAWPIBAL Naphat , PREECHAVEERAKUL Ladda , VANICHAYOBON Sirirut
Published: November 2020

Bitmap-based indexes are known to be the most effective indexing method for retrieving and answering selective queries in a read-only environment. Various types of encoding bitmap indexes signiﬁcantly improve query time efficiency by utilizing fast Boolean operations directly on the index before retrieving the raw data. In particular, the dual bitmap index improves the performance of equality queries in terms of the space vs. time trade-off. However, the performance of range queries is unsatisfactory. In this paper, an optimizing algorithm is proposed to improve the range query processing for the dual bitmap index. The results of the experiment conducted show that the proposed algorithm, called Dual-simRQ, reduces the number of bitmap vectors scanned and the Boolean operations performed, which impacts the overall performance for range query processing.
Analisis Perencanaan Investasi Jaringan Tenaga Listrik
Authors: Dwi Ajiatmo
Published: November 2020

Electricity is able to make a positive change and contribution to people's lives and well-being. This study aims to assess the feasibility of investment in the construction of low voltage electricity networks. The method used with project evaluation analysis is based on financial analysis. The criteria used to analyze activities carried out for 10 years use payback period (PP) analysis, net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and profitability index (IP). The results showed that the analysis of investment planning can be carried out with the consequence of the results obtained in the form of not so large returns. PP results show the investment value with the payback period method will Return in the 9th year, while the positive NPV value is still above zero while the IRR value shows the value of 11% below the social discount rate as well as the IP value showing the value of 0.90. The feasibility of investment in terms of economic-financial analysis by looking at per criteria shows that investment is still feasible to be carried out with minimal profit levels.
INOVAÇÃO NA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR
Authors: Tonello Martins Gisely Jussyla
Published: November 2020

A mentoria tem sido considerada uma prática reconhecida pelos resultados positivos alcançados, tanto no ambiente profissional, especialmente em contextos de inovação, quanto no acadêmico. Na educação superior, estudos têm revelado que a prática da mentoria contribui para o desenvolvimento de competências dos alunos, de natureza técnica e socioemocional. Neste sentido, este caso traz o relato da experiência prática de implementação de um programa de mentorias por uma instituição de ensino superior do sul do Brasil, por meio da adoção de mentorias para startups, realizadas pessoalmente e em grupos, por um professor mentor e por alunos mentores, com foco no desenvolvimento do modelo de papel profissional e da carreira, a partir da orientação para metas de aprendizagem. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, bibliográfica e documental. A coleta de dados ocorreu por observação participante e por meio de um questionário online na ferramenta Google Forms. Como principais resultados foram constatados o incremento da relação teoria e prática, além do desenvolvimento das competências dos alunos, bem como contribuição para a atuação profissional e estudantil.
CAPACITAÇÃO DE JOVENS PARA O PRIMEIRO EMPREGO
Authors: DE AGUIAR JAIRO , Capa Bataglin Jaiarys
Published: November 2020

O desemprego juvenil é um tema recorrente na sociedade brasileira, com diferentes estratégias sendo realizadas visando atenuar ou diminuir os problemas decorrentes da dificuldade de inserção de jovens e adolescents no mercado de trabalho. Nesse contexto, desde 2010, é desenvolvido um projeto na Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, campus Francisco Beltrão, PR, denominado de “Gestão Estratégica para o Primeiro Emprego”, cujo objetivo é capacitar jovens e adolescentes de escolas públicas para a inclusão no mercado de trabalho. Os dados de análise e discussões foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas não estruturadas junto aos participantes da turma de 2019. Como resultados, observou-se: (1) um maior interesse pelo trabalho; (2) a importância do conhecimento técnico e atitudinal para a atividade laboral; (3) valorização e a intensificação das atividades de extensão universitária.
RETORNO DO INVESTIMENTO NA GESTÃO DO CONHECIMENTO COM FOCO NO CAPITAL HUMANO
Authors: Pagno da Silva da Rosa Mônica , Silva Neves Marta , De Sá Freire Patrícia
Published: November 2020

Este estudo propõe identificar as limitações e as possibilidades de estabelecer estratégias e indicadores para aferir o ROI em relação à GC, por meio de revisão integrativa. Através de busca na base Scopus, os artigos selecionados passaram por análises bibliométrica e descritiva, com foco na mensuração do ROI, nas métricas utilizadas e nas teorias e práticas a respeito de indicadores para aferir o ROI em relação à GC. O estudo favoreceu acesso a artigos que tratam da importância da GC nas organizações, mas não o seu retorno em termos de valor monetário. Como limitador deste estudo está a pouca presença do uso de indicadores para mensurar o valor monetário de retorno em relação ao valor monetário investido em GC. Para estudos futuros, apresentam-se as tendências da pesquisa em retorno do investimento, as abordagens teóricas e os indicadores adotados nos artigos selecionados.
PANORAMA CIENTÍFICO SOBRE CONHECIMENTO E RESILIÊNCIA
Authors: Miranda Junior Jaime , Potrich Lídia Neumann , Selig Paulo Maurício , Todesco José Leomar , Sell Denilson
Published: November 2020

O contexto vigente é marcado por fortes mudanças e transformações, a nível econômico, social, ambiental e tecnológico. Este fato tem despertado o interesse de diversas áreas, em estudar fenômenos e recursos que possibilitem a compreensão, entendimento e estratégias de enfrentamento frente a incertezas e turbulências. Assim, cresce o interesse por pesquisas relacionadas a resiliência e também ao recurso gerador de valor da nova economia: o conhecimento. Desta forma, este artigo tem como objetivo identificar o estado da arte dos estudos que relacionem conhecimento e resiliência, através de uma revisão bibliométrica. Os resultados apontam à emergência deste tema, mas ainda uma vasta oportunidade de estudar estes constructos sob a ótica da gestão e das ciências exatas.
METODOLOGÍAS ACTIVAS EN EL LOGRO DEL DESARROLLO DE COMPETENCIAS EMPRENDEDORAS CON EL APOYO DE LAS TICS
Authors: Esteban Regino Edna Margarita , Barrios Vergara Adrian Jose , Dominguez Buelvas María Fernanda
Published: November 2020

La investigación se enmarcó en el deber que tienen las universidades en Colombia defomentar la cultura empresarial y el emprendimiento, según la Ley 1014 de 2006 de laRepublica de Colombia, como objetivo se planteó analizar la efectividad de la implementaciónde metodologías activas y el modelo crítico con enfoque por competencias en el logro deldesarrollo de competencias en los estudiantes de VII semestre como emprendedores para crearempresas con el apoyo de las TIC, desde el curso “Electiva I Emprendimiento digital, social ysolidario”, se desarrolló una metodología de investigación de acción participativa (IAP) encinco momentos, se demostró que se puede promover en los estudiantes la generación de ideas,potenciar las competencias y habilidades para identificar oportunidades de negocio,produciendo propuestas de soluciones originales a diversos problemas reales.
ACOPLAMENTO BIBLIOGRÁFICO NA LITERATURA INTERNACIONAL SOBRE INOVAÇÃO ABERTA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SOFTWARE
Authors: Pereira Pinheiro de Souza Leonardo , Armellini Fabiano
Published: November 2020

Software is ubiquitous in an information-based society. Market complexity requires companies to employ open innovation, incorporating external knowledge and providing knowledge to its’ partners. It is aimed to investigate the characteristics of international scientific literature on open innovation and software development, their theoretical affinities and the most relevant authors. As methodological procedures, bibliographic coupling is used, with Social Network Analysis principles, verifying: references in common between papers on this theme, production by country and its annual average. As a result, it is evident that developed countries have higher production on the topic, despite the low annual average. The most referenced papers discuss profitability strategies using open source code. It is concluded that open innovation enables software companies to share knowledge and contribute to the development of society
TIPOS DE TRAJETÓRIA DE TRABALHADORES DA INDÚSTRIA DE ÓLEO E GÁS:
Authors: Reif Karina , Susin Priscila , Menezes Naida , Rinaldi Débora , Santos Hermilio
Published: November 2020

Esta investigação analisou as histórias de vida de trabalhadores(as) offshore da indústria de óleo e gás com o objetivo de compreender suas motivações para a entrada e permanência no setor, bem como os recursos mobilizados para o enfrentamento deste tipo de rotina laboral. Foram conduzidas 31 entrevistas a bordo de duas unidades em operação na costa brasileira, uma de perfuração e outra de produção. O método utilizado para coleta e análise dos dados foi o Método Reconstrutivo Biográfico. Os resultados apontam que este tipo de análise pode nos fornecer insights importantes acerca dos conhecimentos técnicos e não-técnicos utilizados pelos trabalhadores(as) diante do alto grau de imprevisibilidade e risco envolvidos nos processos de trabalho offhore.
A Carta Política na Sociedade de Controle
Authors: Martinez Vinício Carrilho , Scherch Vinícius Alves
Published: November 2020

A Constituição não é uma Lei Maior, porque “uma” lei não é o que há de maior ou superior na história da Humanidade. Mas sim a condição de se fazer humano, se assim nos fazemos por meio da Política. A Carta Política pode estar contida na Constituição, mas é exatamente o que antecede a lei: é a Política que engendra a Luta pelo Direito. Se toda a luta emancipatória por direitos estiver na Constituição, então, afirmativamente como constituição da condição humana, a Carta Política expressará a Política que há na Constituição. Do contrário, a Constituição, como Lei Maior, será reserva de valor político e de mercado dos Grupos Hegemônicos de Poder.
Os Efeitos Da Decadência Da Esfera Pública
Authors: Ribeiro Luci , Souza Hellen Luana de , Rocha Daniela Lucca
Published: November 2020

Partimos da hipótese de que oisolamento da esfera pública é responsável por reforçar os laços da comunidade ao permitir a criação de uma identidade comum e restrita em detrimento da busca por consolidação de interesses gerais. Logo, a concretização da Democracia é impossibilitada, já que para a sua ocorrência é necessário que haja um contato entre os diversos atores sociais. Avalorização social do pequeno grupo atomizado limita o exercício da Cidadania e a consumação dos Direitos Fundamentais, bases essenciais do Estado Democrático de Direito. Tais direitos, assim como a Cidadania, necessitam de um esforço conjunto de pessoas conscientes de seu pertencimento a uma sociedade, capazes de agir em busca do bem-comum e da justiça. Esse paper propõe uma problematização dessa temática através de umdebate bibliográfico com aplicação do método dedutivo, tomando como base – principalmente - as obras de Hannah Arendt, Richard Sennett e Norberto Bobbio, e tem por objetivo descortinar os impactos do esvaziamento da esfera pública no regime democrático sobre os direitos fundamentais.
Meta-weberianismo
Authors: Da Mata Sérgio
Published: November 2020

O objetivo do texto é apresentar a mais recente contribuição de Gangolf Hübinger aos WeberStudies, mostrando como a história intelectual se constitui como um dos poucos campos deinvestigação das ciências humanas por meio dos quais podemos estudar e, quem sabe, mesmoexplicar Weber weberianamente. A inovadora abordagem de Hübinger articula o conceito demilieu social-moral de Lepsius com a teoria de Koselleck sobre a relação entre o advento deZeitschwellen e inovações metodológicas.
A análise política por Max Weber da Revolução de Fevereiro de 1917: Um balanço crítico.
Authors: Souza Luiz Enrique Vieira de , Musse Ricardo
Published: November 2020

O presente trabalho discute criticamente a análise de Max Weber sobre a situação política da Rússia em 1917, particularmente seu artigo sobre a Revolução de Fevereiro [A transição da Rússia à pseudodemocracia]. Nele estabelecemos os nexos entre tal artigo e seus escritos dedicados à revolução russa de 1905, com ênfase para a análise das classes sociais e a viabilidade de uma coalizão democrática capaz de suplantar o czarismo. Em 1917, Weber questiona o caráter democrático do “governo provisório” e conclui que o processo revolucionário se resumiu à anulação de um monarca incompetente, sem alterar a posição conservadora das classes dominantes em relação à questão agrária, nem sua dependência perante os bancos estrangeiros. Assim, analisamos os equívocos que levaram Weber a desconsiderar a possibilidade de uma aliança entre operários e camponeses, bem como as insuficiências de seu esquema teórico para incluir a dinâmica do movimento de massas na transformação histórica.
Motivación y colaboración como maneras culturales de aprender entre niños mapuche rurales de La Araucanía
Authors: Alonqueo Boudon Paula , Alarcón Muñoz Ana María , Hidalgo Standen Carolina
Published: November 2020

Este estudio indaga las expresiones culturales familiares y comunitarias presentes en el proceso de aprendizaje de los niños mapuche en el contexto escolar rural en situaciones formales e informales.  Corresponde a un trabajo etnográfico desarrollado en tres escuelas rurales de la Región de La Araucanía, Chile.  Se realizaron observaciones sistemáticas durante diferentes momentos de la rutina escolar. Los resultados indican que los niños demuestran motivación e iniciativa por participar en las actividades de la escuela, ejercitando su autonomía en la generación de instancias de aprendizaje tanto en actividades de aula como durante sus ratos de juego.  También se observó que los niños prefieren una organización grupal colaborativa, promoviendo la cooperación entre ellos y el cuidado mutuo. Estas características son consistentes con las formas de socialización y aprendizaje del modelo educativo en la cultura mapuche, y el modelo de aprender por medio de la observación y la participación en actividades familiares y comunitarias (LOPI).
Cotidianeidad, sexo/género y trabajo sexual: Las rutinas de Gabriela
Authors: Espinoza Ibacache Jacqueline Andrea , Íñiguez-Rueda Lupicinio
Published: November 2020

Las perspectivas feministas han estudiado frecuentemente la categoría de sexo/género en lo concerniente al ámbito laboral de las trabajadoras sexuales, desinteresándose por otros ámbitos de la vida o por la cotidianeidad de estas mujeres. Así, el objetivo de este artículo es identificar cómo una trabajadora sexual crea, sostiene y resiste concepciones de sexo/género en su cotidianeidad, desde la perspectiva de la etnometodología feminista. Realizamos un acompañamiento etnográfico durante seis meses, integrado por observaciones, conversaciones y una entrevista en profundidad para finalizar este proceso. Las conclusiones señalan que Gabriela crea concepciones de sexo/género a través de la utilización de su cuerpo como medio de producción. Las sostiene mediante relaciones tradicionales del sistema heteropatriarcal asociadas al cuidado y sostenimiento de la vida de su grupo familiar y de sus clientes frecuentes. Las resiste por medio de la rutinización de su trabajo en la cotidianidad de su familia y los vecinos de sus escenarios laborales.
Wildfire smoke in the lower stratosphere identified by in situ CO observations
Authors: Hooghiem Joram J. D. , Popa Maria Elena , Röckmann Thomas , Grooß Jens-Uwe , Tritscher Ines , Müller Rolf , Kivi Rigel , Chen Huilin
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Wildfires emit large quantities of aerosols and trace gases, which occasionally reach the lower stratosphere. In August 2017, several pyro-cumulonimbus events injected a large amount of smoke into the stratosphere, observed by lidar and satellites. Satellite observations are in general the main method of detecting these events since in situ aircraft- or balloon-based measurements of atmospheric composition at higher altitudes are not made frequently enough. This work presents accidental balloon-borne trace gas observations of wildfire smoke in the lower stratosphere, identified by enhanced CO mole fractions at approximately 13.6 km. In addition to CO mole fractions, CO2 mole fractions and isotopic composition of CO (δ13C and δ18O) have been measured in air samples, from both the wildfire plume and background, collected using an AirCore and a lightweight stratospheric air sampler (LISA) flown on a weather balloon from Sodankylä (4–7 September 2017; 67.37∘ N, 26.63∘ E; 179 m a.m.s.l.), Finland. The greenhouse gas enhancement ratio (ΔCO:ΔCO2) and the isotopic signature based on δ13C(CO) and δ18O(CO) independently identify wildfire emissions as the source of the stratospheric CO enhancement. Back-trajectory analysis was performed with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS), tracing the smoke's origin to wildfires in British Columbia with an injection date of 12 August 2017. The trajectories are corrected for vertical displacement due to heating of the wildfire aerosols, by observations made by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument. Knowledge of the age of the smoke allowed for a correction of the enhancement ratio, ΔCO:ΔCO2, for the chemical removal of CO by OH. The stable isotope observations were used to estimate the amount of tropospheric air in the plume at the time of observation to be about 45±21 %. Finally, the plume extended over 1 km in altitude, as inferred from the observations.
Using an antidiffusive transport scheme in the vertical direction: a
promising novelty for chemistry-transport models
Authors: Mailler Sylvain , Pennel Romain , Menut Laurent , Lachâtre Mathieu
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The potential interest of the antidiffusive transport scheme proposed by Després et Lagoutière (1999) for resolving vertical transport in chemistry-transport models is investigated in an idealized framework with very encouraging results. We show that, compared to classical higher-order schemes, the Després et Lagoutière (1999) scheme reduces numerical diffusion and improves accuracy in idealized cases that are typical of atmospheric transport of tracers in chemistry-transport models. Increased accuracy and reduced diffusion is spectacular when, and only when vertical resolution is insufficient to properly resolve vertical gradients, which is very frequent in chemistry-transport models. Therefore, we think that this scheme is an extremely promising solution for reducing numerical diffusion in chemistry-transport models.
Fisiología y cognición - el cambio fonético y las teorías acerca del cambio lingüístico más recientes: el cambio [f]- > [h]- en castellano antiguo*
Authors: Jodl Frank
Published: November 2020

El objetivo del presente artículo es determinar las particularidades del cambio fonético para enmarcarlo en una teoría genérica del cambio lingüístico.
El Icneumón y el Cocadriz en los bestiarios medievales y su reflejo en “El Cocodrilo” de Dostoievski
Authors: Del Campo Ramírez Elsa
Published: November 2020

Entre las numerosas escenas de la vida animal descritas en los bestiarios medievales se encuentra la de la sempiterna batalla entre la mangosta (o icneumón) y el cocodrilo (o cocadriz), usada en el medievo como metáfora para engrandecer la figura de Cristo. Curiosamente, en su relato breve “El cocodrilo” (1865), Fiódor Dostoievski reproduce esta anécdota, incorporándola momentáneamente en su historia para aludir a uno de sus personajes protagonistas, Ivan Matvéievich, en clave paródica y mordaz. Este artículo pretende analizar el origen y significado del icneumón, así como de su inseparable compañero, el cocodrilo, con el fin de ofrecer un análisis más pormenorizado de los motivos por los cuales el autor ruso podría haberlos incorporado en su narración, así como del significado que cobra su presencia en el contexto del cuento.
The Impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on Organizational Control
Authors: Yeheskel Orly , Globerson Shlomo
Published: November 2020

The disruption and chaos experienced by businesses and other organizations during the fourth industrial revolution, which have intensified during the Corona epidemic, are creating major managerial challenges for executives and organizations, forcing them to operate in a volatile, uncertain. Such a situation requires a more sophisticated approach that includes swift and flexible managerial and response mechanisms, alongside mechanisms based on continuity and order, and the appropriate modifications to the managerial and organizational systems.The article presents perspectives and insights related to the question of how chaos, disruption and change are affecting managerial approaches in general and managerial control in particular.The traditional control systems were developed to manage continuous processes rather than the sudden and volatile events that characterize a chaotic environment. Sudden or unexpected events are in fact similar with respect to their control needs to project management since they have a defined starting point that requires a specific response, one that is not always possible to predict. Therefore, we suggest that traditional control be combined with project control. This will create a control infrastructure that combines order and chaos.
Comments on Mark Alfano's Nietzsche's Moral Psychology
Authors: Reginster Bernard
Published: November 2020

This article, invited for presentation to the North American Nietzsche Society at the 2020 Pacific Division Meeting of the American Philosophical Association, is a commentary on Mark Alfano's 2019 monograph, Nietzsche's Moral Psychology. It focuses, first, on the method adopted in the book (a particular combination of “distant reading” through the use of digital tools with close reading) and, second, on two key substantive issues: the analysis of the Nietzschean concepts of drive and virtue respectively.
Phantom eye syndrome. Case report and literature review
Authors: Castiblanco-Delgado Danny Steven , Molina-Arteta Bilena Margarita , Leal-Arenas Fabián Alexander
Published: November 2020

A frequent complication after limb amputation is the appearance of phantom limb syndrome, a phenomenon that has also been studied in the amputation of different body parts. Cases reported in relation to ophthalmologic surgery are few and evidence is limited in terms of specific management, which makes this a very important study. We report the case of a patient diagnosed with phantom eye syndrome in the post-operative period of an orbital exenteration surgery. A comprehensive approach was taken with multimodal symptom management, including intervention treatment. Significant improvement regarding the pain was achieved; however, non-painful ghost sensations persisted. Upon reviewing the available literature on the subject, its pathophysiology is not fully elucidated. Its incidence is highly variable, as well as the symptoms’ appearance. The presence of headache and eye pain prior to surgery seem to be risk factors. Climate and psychological stress are exacerbating factors of the symptomatology. No high-quality evidence was found in terms of management guidelines, with the use of antidepressants, anticonvulsants and opioids being the most recommended. Interventional management is an option according to the characteristics of the pain and associated symptoms.
Surgical Management of Multifocal Chondrosarcoma in Ollier Disease
Authors: Kotrych Daniel , Pawlik Jakub , Czajka Radomir , Szczypiór-Piasecka Karina , Łęgosz Paweł , Bohatyrewicz Andrzej , Kołodziej Łukasz , Ziętek Paweł
Published: November 2020

Ollier disease is a rare congenital disease in which multiple enchondromas occur. The tumors can transform to malignant chondrosarcomas of various histologic grades. The patient we described has been treated in our orthopedic department six times, always being referred on account of new lesions. The tumors were excised with margins of healthy tissue. Each tumor was subjected to a histological examination to determine its type and grade. Chondroid tumors should be diagnosed carefully, because the treatment depends on their histologic features. If surgery is performed, removal of the tumor with a margin of healthy tissue is crucial for the patient’s well-being and good prognosis.
The Vilnius Section of the PolishOtorhinolaryngological Society in 19241939
Authors: Bruzgielewicz Antoni , Bartoszewicz Robert , Niemczyk Kazimierz , Krupowies Walentyna
Published: November 2020

The medical society associating doctors dealing with diseases of the ear, nose, larynx and pharynx in the territory of the Republic of Poland was registered in 1921 as the Polish Otorhinolaryngological Society. The Societys Vilnius Section was established in 1924. We know the most about the Vilnius Section of the Polish Otorhinolaryngological Society because the protocols of the section meetings have been preserved. According to the protocols, 58 sessions were held during the 16 years of the Vilnius Sections existence. During the entire period of the Sections activity, over 250 different clinical cases were demonstrated, and more than 30 papers, inventions, new therapeutic and surgical methods were discussed and presented. Colleagues shared their experience gained abroad, internships held in foreign centers; participation in congresses in Poland and abroad were discussed. On September 2629, 1929 as part of the 13th Congress of Polish Doctors and Naturalists in Vilnius, the Vilnius Section organized the VIII National Congress of the Society and a Section meeting.
The act of "Talka" in historic preservation discourse in contemporary Latvia
Authors: Burzyńska Katarzyna
Published: November 2020

The stem of contemporary culture in the Baltics arose from the countryside and folklore. Among the traditions of the Baltic cultures, there is talka – a term derived from work in the field, which historically was the act of communal work of the village residents to help each family in their agricultural work, such as haymaking, rye harvesting, manuring, threshing, flax pulling, and breaking. Known in other countries as "bee," the term ‘talka’ in the Baltics refers to voluntary community work. As the communities have been moving to cities, talka has followed them naturally. Currently, cooperative work efforts include maintenance of sites and buildings, and it is a frequent and widespread act.
The paper reviews examples of combined efforts of small communities to improve the appearance, performance, and security of public spaces. The application of joint work has allowed for low-cost gentrification and urban upgrade of several neighborhoods in Latvia.
Decolonizing Indigenous Law: Self-Determination and Vulnerability in the Mapuche Case
Authors: Aillapán Quinteros Jorge
Published: November 2020

In the present essay, the author—and Mapuche, at the same time—critically analyzes the construction of the Mapuche people as a “vulnerable human group” under the International Human Rights Law and then, according to decolonial option, proposes a hypothesis: if the indigenous people are vulnerable, by definition, to claim the right to self-determination, in the Mapuche case, it is an oxymoron.
Will Saudi Arabia Move toward Democracy as Socialism Falters?
Authors: Cochran Judith , V. Murray Hugh
Published: November 2020

Saudi Arabia’s Global Goals stated in Vision 2030 are faltering under its current socialistic system. The military, the civil servants, and 35,000 royals with income assured, they have little incentive to want to work or to obtain education. However, in order to employ their citizens, the Saudi government is forcing businesses to hire 70% Saudi citizens to replace the expats who are being expelled under a mandated quota system. Their education system, which has prepared citizens to be loyal to the monarchy and Islam, has neglected secular, market place skills. Citizens continue to want to be paid in the socialistic manner of the past. Now technology skilled citizens and problems solvers are needed, as the monarchy builds two technology-based cities: NOME and Economic City to meet some of its 2030 Vision goals. Another Vision 2030 global goal is to advance Saudi Arabia as the Islamic and Arab Cultural leader of the world. To accomplish this ambition, Saudi Arabia must educate a workforce that wants to work and can help solve its problems and achieve its goals. As the number of citizens increases in order to obtain greater family stipends, the monarchy is moving its religious and mostly socialistic economy toward techno-economy. The prognosis for religious, socialistic country against a techno-economic future will be problematic.
Diagnosis, Treatment, Multidisciplinary Collaborative Therapy and Prevention of Diabetic Foot
Authors: Liu Fanna , Yin Lianghong
Published: November 2020

Diabetic foot (DF) is one of the most common complications of diabetes. Diabetic foot is one of the main causes of disability and death of diabetic patients, and it is also a major public health problem that causes a heavy burden on society. Diabetic foot involves a variety of factors including peripheral nerve tissue lesions, ischemic lesions, and reduced body immunity. With the development of medical standards, clinical knowledge and treatment of diabetic foot are constantly improving. Early diagnosis and intervention is the key to reducing the incidence of diabetic foot and improving the cure rate. This chapter will briefly introduce the diagnosis, the treatment, the multidisciplinary collaborative therapy and prevention of diabetic foot.
Risk Assessment in the Monitoring of Works
Authors: Rosário Oliveira M.
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to present a methodology for developing Control, Measurement and Monitoring Plans. It aims to apply risk-based thinking associated with the works control plan. The failures and rework of the works must not be accepted as inevitable or even as certainties. They must be considered permanent challenges to their management. The importance of using risk assessment techniques in the planning and control of the production activities of the works is evident. Control, measurement and monitoring process should provide the assessment of risks and failures, should demonstrate technical compliance of the work, and should improve operational efficiency. Thus, it is important to define a methodology for the preparation of the Control, Measurement and Monitoring Plan (PCMM), to be implemented in the execution of the works, in order to ensure the conformity of the works with its technical and regulatory requirements. It must establish which the trials and control inspections, its acceptance criteria, its purposes, frequencies and responsible and it must also identify and assess its risks.
Disinformation as a Society-Wide Threat: Journalism and ‘Fakecracy’ in Venezuela
Authors: Cañizález Andrés , Hernández León , Torrealba Luisa
Published: November 2020

In political systems restricting communication by means of official controls on information, the dissemination of fake news, as well as counterfeit content in general, increases. Audiences in such locations can be more vulnerable to misinformation, as there are no contrasting sources to check or confirm what is being misrepresented. Concurrently, the dynamics of social media also make fact checking difficult given the large volume of content that can be accessed almost instantly. This piece reviews both concepts surrounding the fake news phenomenon and an approach to citizens’ perception of misinformation in their midst. The existence of a political regime hellbent on controlling information creates conditions for citizens to echo rumors and hoaxes. The – still tentative – answer, precisely in view of a system that generally encourages disinformation, hinges on journalism, particularly that engaging in fact checking.
Corrosion Effect on Bond Loss between Steel and Concrete
Authors: Apostolopoulos Charis , Koulouris Konstantinos
Published: November 2020

This chapter is devoted to the effects of steel corrosion on bond relationship between steel and concrete. One of the basic assumptions in design of reinforced concrete members is the perfect steel - concrete bond mechanism, so that strain of reinforcing bar is the same as that of the surrounding concrete and these two different materials act as one. However, corrosion of steel reinforcement consists one of the main durability problems in reinforced concrete members, downgrade the bond behavior and therefore their structural integrity. Corrosion degrades the reinforcement itself, reducing the initial cross-section of the steel bar and its mechanical properties. Furthermore, tensile stresses in surrounding concrete caused due to oxides on the corroded reinforcement, lead to the gradual development of tensile field to the surrounding concrete, with spalling of the cover concrete and loss of bond mechanism as a consequence. In this chapter, an overview of damage of reinforced concrete due to steel corrosion is given, focused on the bond mechanism; factors that play key role in the degree of bonding and, also, proposed models of bond strength loss in correlation with the surface concrete cracking due to corrosion are indicated. To conclude, the ongoing research in this area of interest is presented, based on recent scientific studies.
Ecology as Cosmology: Animal Myths of Amazonia
Authors: Guida Navarro Alexandre
Published: November 2020

Amazonian ethnography is relied on the creation of the world by Animals as the Anaconda, considered an ancestral creator. The history that myths tell is that the Amazon River is the metaphor of an Anaconda because it has meanders like this snake and it is a large reptile-like the river itself. As far as Archaeology, many of these myths were represented in archaeological ceramic as Cosmology metaphor. Some animals like birds were presented as a ceramic rattle which noise is a shamanic trait of Amazonian Indian Cosmology. This chapter shows how the Stilt Villagers of the Eastern Amazonian built their Cosmology based on the Animals of their environment’s Ecology.
Nuts as Dietary Source of Fatty Acids and Micro Nutrients in Human Health
Authors: Pradhan Chiranjiv , Peter Nikhila , Dileep Namitha
Published: November 2020

In recent times, the Mediterranean diet plans are very popular because it has a lot of advantage in protecting from chronic health problems. Nuts are the integral part of the Mediterranean diet and advised to be incorporated in diet for health benefits. Both tree nuts and pea nut are good source of unsaturated fatty acids, soluble and insoluble fibers, good quantity of vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals with recognized benefits to human health. Due to life style disorders many chronic diseases are increasing in human beings. There are many epidemiological studies and research conducted on the relationship between consumption of nuts and chronic disease risks. This book chapter elaborately discusses about the nutritional composition of the nuts and their effect on cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes and cancer.
Nanostructured Multilayer Composite Coatings for Cutting Tools
Authors: Grigoriev Sergey , Vereschaka Alexey , Volosova Marina , Sotova Caterina , Sitnikov Nikolay , Milovich Filipp , Andreev Nikolay
Published: November 2020

The chapter deals with the specific features concerning the application of wear-resistant coatings to improve the performance properties of ceramic cutting tools. The paper discusses the theoretical background associated with the specific operation conditions and wear of ceramic cutting tools and influencing the choice of the compositions and structures of wear-resistant coatings. The studies were focused on the application of the Ti-(Ti,Al)N-(Zr,Nb,Ti,Al)N multilayer composite coating with a nanostructured wear-resistant layer, as well as the (Cr,Al,Si)N–(DLC–Si)–DLC–(DLC–Si) and (Cr,Al,Si)N–DLC composite coatings in order to improve the cutting properties of ceramic tools. The chapter presents the results of the comparative cutting tests for the tools with the coatings under study, uncoated tools, and tools with the Ti-(Ti,Al)N commercial coating. The wear mechanisms typical for ceramic cutting tools with coatings of various compositions have been investigated.
The Inter-Nucleon Up-to-Down Quark Bond and Its Implications for Nuclear Binding
Authors: Lynn Bowen Nancy
Published: November 2020

This paper describes an interesting and potentially significant phenomenon regarding the properties of up and down quarks within the nucleus, specifically how the possible internucleon bonding of these quarks may affect the bonding energy of the nuclear force. A very simple calculation is used, which involves a bond between two internucleon up and down quarks. This simple calculation does not specify the shape or structure for the nucleus, rather this calculation only examines the energy of all possible internucleon up-to-down bonds that may be formed within a quantum nucleus. A comparison of this calculated binding energy is made to the experimental binding energy with remarkably good results. The potential significance and implications of this noteworthy finding are discussed.
Measuring a Blended Performance: Managerial Insights from the Field of Impact Entrepreneurship
Authors: Bengo Irene , Chiodo Veronica , Tosi Valentina
Published: November 2020

The commitment to generating a blended value is increasingly spreading in the business sector. At the forefront of this movement, impact ventures are organizations born to produce value for the society, i.e. social impact, while engaging in commercial activities to sustain their operations. On the other end, we have observed an increased emphasis on more responsible, sustainable practices that traditional for-profit businesses have been called to establish. Accounting for and reporting on social impact has become increasingly of interest to a range of institutions and sectors, with the result that many competing methodologies, approaches, guidelines and standards have been introduced. The chapter performs a comprehensive review of existing approaches for impact measurement and management implemented by socially-oriented ventures (both not for profit organizations and for-profit businesses) focusing on both methodological, governance and operational barriers and enabling factors of the practices. Then, it drafts a framework which helps any ventures to structure a process and methodology to measure its blended performance. The research not only contributes to the scant literature on impact entrepreneurship but impact ventures might offer a compelling laboratory to disentangle the obstacles posed by the combined achievement of financial and social objectives and how organizations might address these challenges.
Advanced Materials and Assembly Strategies for Wearable Biosensors: A Review
Authors: Kwang Lee Eun , Yoo Hocheon , Hwan Lee Chi
Published: November 2020

Recent technological advances of soft functional materials and their assembly into wearable (i.e., on-skin) biosensors lead to the development of ground-breaking biomedical applications ranging from wearable health monitoring to drug delivery and to human-robot interactions. These wearable biosensors are capable of unobtrusively interfacing with the human skin and enabling long-term reliable monitoring of clinically useful biosignals associated with health and other conditions affecting well-being. Scalable assembly of diverse wearable biosensors has been realized through the elaborate combination of intrinsically stretchable materials including organic polymers or/and low-dimensional inorganic nanomaterials. In this Chapter, we review various types of wearable biosensors within the context of human health monitoring with a focus of their constituent materials, mechanics designs, and large-scale assembly strategies. In addition, we discuss the current challenges and potential future research directions at the end of this chapter.
Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii among Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: O.M. Al-Dahmoshi Hussein , S.K. Al-Khafaji Noor , T. Al-Alaq Farah
Published: November 2020

Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the opportunistic bacteria firstly related with the hospital acquired infection influencing primarily to weakening the patient in the ICU. It is sometimes transferred to the patient by transient colonization of hands of the workers of healthcare, and persistence on eco-surfaces. Acinetobacter baumannii inhalation aerosolized through endo-tracheal suctioning of the ventilated patient is widespread among ventilator-related pneumonia (VAP). It is infections mainly associated with ventilator-related pneumonia (VAP), community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), invasive bacterial infections (IBIs) and UTI (urinary tract infection). It is one of the prominent uropathogens problematic with antibiotic resistance especially carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB). Their colonization of urinary tract and establishment of infection may attributed mainly to set of virulence factors like: Acinetobactin-assisted iron acquisition system, Bap (biofilm-related protein), phospholipase D, Ata (Acinetobacter trimeric autotransporter), chaperone-usher type pilus (Csu), OmpA (outer membrane protein A), and Plasminogen-binding protein (CipA). The common drugs used for treatment Acinetobacter baumannii infections involve polymyxins, glycylcyclines, tetracyclines, mono-bactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, antipseudomonal carbapenems, antipseudomonal cephalosporins, and sulbactam. The rates of MDR isolation or also comprehensively the resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are significantly increased and so the combination of two or more (colistin, tigecycline, or colistin-rifampicin combination therapy) drugs is sometimes used to treat infections of MDR-AB. As a conclusion the Acinetobacter baumannii engagement in urinary tract infections attributed mainly to their adhesins, invasins and intrinsic antibiotic resistance.
The Use of Biomaterials in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: Duarte-Chavez Rodrigo , Mehta Sagar , Bahirwani Janak , Modi Ronak , Stawicki Stanislaw
Published: November 2020

Gastrointestinal endoscopy has evolved to become a therapeutic resource for multiple pathologic conditions, utilizing many techniques, tools and materials from the field of conventional surgery. Thermal, mechanical or chemical modalities are often employed to expedite the process of hemostasis and achieve a stable coagulum. Thermocoagulation coupled with devices for mechanical hemostasis have been adapted successfully to endoscopy. Chemical hemostasis from biomaterials can be obtained from biologically active materials such as thrombin and fibrin, absorbable products such as gelatins, collagen and oxidized cellulose or synthetic products and inorganic powders. Aside from hemostatic properties, biomaterials are also appealing due to its ability to promote wound healing. However, the use of biomaterials has not been as widespread in endoscopy as in conventional surgery, mainly because of the constraint of delivering these materials through an endoscope. Over the last decade, the options for biomaterials have expanded and its incorporation in endoscopy has slowly increased. Although the cost of biomaterials is higher compared to traditional hemostatics, this may be offset by the potential benefits of decreased bleeding related complications, procedure time, hospital stay and blood transfusions. Biomaterials have demonstrated an improvement in clinical outcomes during conventional surgery. Nevertheless, more studies are required to extrapolate these benefits to endoscopy.