bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TWO NEW COLLETES FROM COSTA RICA
Authors: Swenk Myron. H.
Published: February 2010

Colletes niger, n. sp. — ♀. Black, shining, with long erect jet black pubescence; clypeus prominent, with coarse close punctures tending to form striæ on either side of a shallow median longitudianl depression, and with a deep transverse depression just before the sharply truncate apex; face above and on sides of clypeus much more closely and finely punctured, and covered with a long and dense pubescence which extends over the clypeus itself; vertex and cheeks very finely punctured, the former practically bare except for a tuft of long hairs in the interocellular space, the latter with abundant long hairs; ocelli pale, opalescent; occiput fringed with long erect pubescence; malar space smooth, its length about, two-thirds width of mandible at base; mandibles slender and polished, deeply grooved without, notched almost at the tip, which is blunt and slightly rufescent in some lights; labrum with a rounded median pit at base; antennæ entirely glossy black, the first joint of the flagellum as long as the second and third together; no prothoracic spines; disc of mesothorax sparsely covered with erect hairs and with a few fine punctures, the pubescence becoming longer and denser and the punctuation finer and much closer on the sides, especially anteriorly;
PRACTICAL AND POPULAR ENTOMOLOGY.—No. I.: The Pear-tree Psylla and How to Deal with It
Authors: Fisher George. E.
Published: February 2010

Several instances a disastrous and even fatal effects to valuable pearorchards from being attacked by the Psylla have come under my observation, as well as entirely satisfactory results from treating the trees.

The life-history and habits of injurious insects must be accurately determined before we can know just how to deal with them. A knowledge of the habits of such insects will also often enable the farmer to so manage his land crops that the insects are placed under unfavourable and even destructive conditions.
ASSINIBOIA. MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, COLLECTED BY MR. T. N. WILLING
Authors: Kearfott W. D.
Published: February 2010

Tortrix conflictana, Walk.— Five specimens: Lethbridge, Macleod and Pine Creek; VII., 8, to VII., 13. Larger and the bands more suffused than Eastern specimens.

Tortrix argentana, Clerck.— Three specimens; Macleod and Lethbridge; VIII., 8 to 15. I have a long series of this species from Western America, south nearly to Mexico, and north to British Columbia, likewise a series from Europe, and every time I examine them I am impressed with the feeling that our American species differs from the European, but further study is required before deciding either way, in the meantime the European name can stand.
THE GENUS VENUSIA AND ITS INCLUDED SPECIES
Authors: Pearsall Richard. F.
Published: February 2010

If it were necessary to emphasize the need of revision in the Geometrina, the genus Venusia furnishes an excellent example. It has established by Curtis, an English writer, in 1839, with cambrica, Curt., as its type. Since that time, three additional species, according to Mr. Meyrick, from New Zealand have been placed under it. In our own fauna, Dr. Hulst placed three species as its representatives—cambrica, Curt., comptara, Walk., duodecimlineata, Pack.
THE TYPES OF THE LATE DR. HULST
Authors: Dyar Harrison. G.
Published: February 2010

I am glad that Mr. Taylor has shown in the Feb. Can. Ent. that the “types” of Somatolophia umbripennis and Diastictis festa in the Hulst collection at New Brunswick, N. J., are not the true types. A specimen that contradicts the description cannot be the type, however labelled, unless it can be shown that the author has made an error. I do not think that Dr. Hulst made errors in description in these cases, and I do not think either that the true types were destroyed as Mr. Taylor suggests.
A NEW GELECHID FROM ONTARIO
Authors: Kearfott W. D.
Published: February 2010

Aristotelia Youngella, sp. nov.—Head. antennæ, palpi, thorax abdomen and legs shining iridescent green. Basal half of front wing and outer half along costa black or very dark brown, heavily overlaid with iridescent green. The dark basal half is outwardly margined by the black ground colour, owing to absence of the iridescent scales at this point. All the outer half of wing, except the dark costal streak, is dull ochreous, inwardly margined by a pale yellow line, the latter adjoining the dark line of ground colour outlining the basal half.
A NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN PROTEOTERAS
Authors: Fernald C. H.
Published: February 2010

Proteoteras Moffatiana. n. sp.—Expanse of wings, 14—20 mm. Head, thorax and fore wings emerald green, varying considerably in the different specimens, some being much brighter than others. The fore wings are marked with black and much brighter than others. The fore wings are marked with blacks, and may parts have silvery reflections in certain lights. On the basal fourth of the costa there is a small quadrate black spot, below which the basal part of the wing is more or less marked with streaks or irrorations of black.
A NEW CARABUS AND CYCHRUS, WITH MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON COLEOPTERA
Authors: Casey Thos. L.
Published: February 2010

Among a large series of Coleoptera collected by Mr. C.H. T. Townsend in the northwestern part of Mexico and forwarded to some years ago, I not an interesting new Carabus, which may be described as follows:-

Carabus Townsendi, n. sp.—Somewhat similar to Forreri, Bates— Ann. & Mag., N. Hist, ser. 5 IX, p.320— from Durango, but narrower in form, the elytra having similarly close-set unimpressed series of very minute punctures but having each only two sereis of larger, widely-spaced, impressed foveæ, the inner of the three series of Forreri being wholly absolete, the middle series only present in basal half and the outer extending only to apical fourth, the lateral margin more narrowly reflexed and with bluish reflection. Length, 21 mm.; width, 9 mm.
PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA OF ALBERTA, N.-W. T
Authors: Dod F. H. Wolley
Published: February 2010

150. Hadena (Xylophasia) remissa, Hbn.—Nine ♂ ♂ at light in 1903, and a few both sexes at light and treacle during 1904. Not previously met with. July 15th to Aug. 2nd. Prof. Smith says they are “somewhat paler in ground colour than New England examples.” In a general way the species resembles a pale ferens, with which species Mr. Hudson and I at first confused it whilst collecting.
IULUS IMPRESSUS (?) IN THE CORN-FIELD
Authors: Webster F. M.
Published: February 2010

Iulidæ are not insects, and my only hope of getting this note on record is in that their work in the corn-fields of the Middle West may be easily confused with that of several very different species of insects.
PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA OF ALBERTA, N.-W. T
Authors: Dod F. H. Wolley
Published: February 2010

309. M. Dodii, Smith.—(Can. Ent., XXXVU., 152, June, 1904). Described from Calgary and from Bullion Park, Colo. The type is a Calgary specimen at Rutger's College, and I have two ♂ co-types.
DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA OF DELPHASTUS PUSILLUS, LEC., WITH NOTES ON THE HABITS OF THE SPECIES
Authors: Britton W. E.
Published: February 2010

In collection insects of Poquonock, Conn., July 18, 1904, my assistant, Mr. B.H. Walden, found coccinellid larvæ feeding upon a species of Aleyrodes which is probably undescribed, and fairly common there upon the leaves of hazel, Corylus Americanus. These larvæ were brought to the laboratory, and were fed upon Aleyrodes vaporuriorum, Westw., which they ate greedily.
NEW SPECIES OF PHLEPSIUS AND RELATED GENERA (HOMOPTERA)
Authors: Ball E. D.
Published: February 2010

Phlepsius Slossoni, n. sp.—Form and general appearnce of lippulus nearly, slightly larger and darker, with a much longer, flatter vertex. Length, 6 mm.; width, 2 mm.

Vertex slightly acutely angled, the apex truncate, nearly twice longer on middle than against eyes, the disc concave, anterior margin sharp and broadly foliaceous, the line between this foliaceous margin and the front proper being sharply marked. Front slightly convex, evenly narrowing to the apically expanded clypeus. Elytra moderatley long, appressed behind the middle, the apices slightly flaring. Venation obscure.
CRIOCEPHALUS OBSOLETUS, Rand., AND ASEMUM MŒSTUM, Hald
Authors: Chagnon G.
Published: February 2010

Abbé Provancher in his work on the Coleoptera of Canada, page 585, gives a brief description of an insect he calls Criocephalus obseletus, Rand, and adds that it is very common.

After a careful reading of his description, I have come to the conclusion that it can not apply to Criocephalus obsoletus, but to Asemum mœstum, a common longhorn throughout eastern Canada. C. obsoletus is a much rarer insect in Canada, and, in fact, I have no record of its having been captured in the Province of Quebec; it is not even mentioned by Mr. Harrington in his list of Ottawa Cerambycidæ
HYDROMETRA AUSTRALIS, Say
Authors: De La Torre Bueno J. R.
Published: February 2010

Since my “Notes on Hydrometra Martini, Kirk.,” in the Canadian Entomologist for January of this year, pages 12 to 15, I have had the opportunity of examining another specimen fo Say's var. australis,” and study of it confirms the conclusions I then drew. It is unquestionably a good species and not merely a variety, and it affords me real pleasure to recognize true Hydrometra of which Say is the author.
PRACTICAL AND POPULAR ENTOMOLOGY.—No. 8.: A Method of Measuring Insects
Authors: De La Torre Bueno J. R.
Published: February 2010

The common callipers ordinarily sold for measuring insects have always seemed to me too coarse for fine work. In the Hemiptera especially, where there is an abundace of small forms, they would certainly be useless for the delicate measurments of antennæ and limbs so frequently necessary, and for the proportional dimensions called for in the determination of species.
THE RED-HEADED ORCHELIMUM AND SOME OTHER NEW JERSEY ORTHOPTERA
Authors: Davis Wm. T.
Published: February 2010

It seems quite certain in considering Redtenbacher' description of Xiphidium agile, DeGeer, which he considers the same as Orchelimum vulgare, Harris, that he took for his type of the species what is generally identified as O. vulgare. His figure (80) is also a typical vulgare. He says the elytra not at all or scarcely exceeding the hind femora, very little shorter than or equalling the wings. All the femora unarmed. These are charactes of O. vulgare, Harris.
BEETLES FROM NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Keen J. H.
Published: February 2010

About ten years ago (see Can. Ent., Vol. XXXVII, Nos. 7 and 8) I published a list of beetles taken by me on the Queen Charlotte Islands. The beetles enumerated below were, except where otherwise designated, taken on the mainland of British Columbia, on the coast between the mouths of the Naas and Skeena Rivers. Some of them were determined for me through the kindness of Dr. James Fletcher, the Dominion Entomologist, whose valuable help and advice I have now for many years enjoyed; the remaider by Professor H.F. Wickham, of Iowa University, to whose skill and courtesy I am deeply indebted.
NEW SPECIES OF COLLETES
Authors: Swenk Myron. H.
Published: February 2010

Colletes Vierecki, n. sp.—♀. Length, 11–12 mm. Shining black, form stout, body almost bare. Clypeus slightly convex, not sulcate, closely striato-punctate, sparsely clothed with short, pale pubescence. Supraclypeal area convex, shining and impuncatate medially, and with crowded punctures on the margins. Face crowded with good sized punctures, and with very short, erect, pale pubescence. Antennæ black, the flagellum more or less dull brownish beneath, the scape deeply punctured, joint 3 a shade shorter than 4, decidedly shorter than 5 and the following, which are shorter than wide.
SYNOPSIS OF BEES OF OREGON, WASHINGTON, BRITISH COLUMBIA AND VANCOUVER.—IV
Authors: Viereck H. L. , Cockerell T. D. A. , Titus E. S. G. , Crawford J. C. , Swenk M. H.
Published: February 2010

Clothed with cinereous pubescence, which on the dorsulum, face, second, third, fourth and fifth abdominal segments is thinly mixed with black; posterior tibiæ and metatarsi, the later largelym covered with whitish hairs; metatarsus with a broad brush of brown hairs on the apical margin; length about 15 mm … … ignava.
NOTES ON THE LARVA OF THE PITCHER - PLANT MOSQUITO
Authors: Mitchell Evelyn Groesbeeck
Published: February 2010

Since the discovery of Wyeomyia Smithiiin the leaves of Pitcher plants in New Jersey, by Dr.J.B. Smith, it has been reported from Massachusetts and Florida.

On June 16tg of the present year, the writer found a larva of the second stage in a Pitcher-plant in a greenhouse in the Botanical Gardens, Washington, D.C. July 8th, three more specimens were taken there The plants had been brought from South Carolina, and had been in the greenhouse for several Years.
NOTES ON THE EARLIER STAGES OF SOME CANADIAN TIGER MOTHS OF THE GENUS APANTESIS
Authors: Gibson Arthur
Published: February 2010

Since the apperarance of a paper in the May and June, 1903, numbers of the Canadian Entomologist, the writer has received for study either eggs or larvæ of several species of Apantesis, information as to the earlier stages of each of which was limited. The past three seasons in Canada have not been remarkable as to the abundance of material to collect, and Arctians, like many other kinds of moths, have been very scarce. Consequently not as many species have been received for study as had been hoped.
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES
Authors: Cockerell T. D. A.
Published: February 2010

Some of the generic names used for Scatophagid♀ will stand of fall according to one's notion of homonymy. Becker, in 1894, proposed the name Orthacheta (cf. Inded Zoologicus); Aldrich, in the interest of orthography, has altered this (Cat. N. A. Diptera) to Orthochœta. Now, Germar long ago used Orthochœtes for a beetle, while Cossmann, in 1890, used Orthochetus for a mollusc. I do not pretend to say what ought to be done with such a mix-up; it comes back to the old question, whether an error in spelling (which may hypothetically be attributed to the printer) must be maintained; and again, if not, whether the differences in the termination suffice to prevent homonymy.
CÆNOCEPHUS IN AMERICA
Authors: Bradley J. Chester
Published: February 2010

Heretofore the genus Canocephus, Konow, has been known only from Siberia, and by a single species. Two undescribed species from western Unitd States occur in Dr. Alex D. MacGillvray's collection (Cornell University), one of them also in the collection of the American Entomological Society, and at the request of Dr. MacGillivray I here describe them.
CATALOGUE OF THE GENERA OF THE HEMIPTEROUS FAMILY APHIDÆ, WITH THEIR TYPICAL SPECIES, TOGETHER WITH A LIST OF THE SPECIES DESCRIBED AS NEW FROM 1885 TO 1905
Authors: Kirkaldy G. W.
Published: February 2010

It is now twenty years since the lamented Jules Lichtenstein published the first—and, unfortunately, last—part of his proposed monograph of the Aphidæ (a). This instalment contained a list, without references, of the genera and species known to Lichtenstein, but, as will be seen from the following pages, a large number of names was omitted and some were misapplied, so that a new list of genera should be useful, having reard to the interest and importance of the family.
PIERIS BRASSICÆ
Authors: Winn Albert. F.
Published: February 2010

On September 4th I found, feeding on leaves of Nasturtium, two larvæ which I had never seen before, and which agree exactly with figures and descriptions of the larvæ of the “Large White Butterfly” of Europe, Pieris brassicœ
NEW NOCTUIDÆ FOR 1905—NO. 1
Authors: Smith John. B.
Published: February 2010

Head of moderate size, not retracted; eyes round, hardly prominent, yet distinct and of good size; front protuberant inferiorly, with a roughened depression guarded by a sharp rim; palpi small, slender, not attaining the end of the protuberance; tongue weak, yet of moderate length and perhaps, functional; antenna in the male with the joints a little marked, ciliate rather than bristle tufted. Thorax oval, convex, collar and patagia distinct but not uplifted; vestiture scaly; no tufs; legs moderate, on normal proporations, without spines, spurs or other armature save the usual spurs of tibiæ.
A NOTE ON THE EUCHŒCA COMPTARIA MUDDLE
Authors: Dyar Harrison. G.
Published: February 2010

I have carefully separated out my material by Mr. Pearsall's latest (Can. Ent., xxxviii, 33, 1906) and find all the forms before me. I cannot agree that the arrangement in final. In the first place, in describing the genus Nomenia, Mr. Pearsall mentioned as type 12-lineata, Pack., which he now transfers to EuchŒca, and makes a new name, unipecta, Pears., for the types species. This strikes me a contravention of the rules.
NEW COLEOPTERA FROM THE SOUTH-WEST.—II
Authors: Fall H. C.
Published: February 2010

The new species in the writer's collection selected for description in the following pages are representatives of the genera Cymatodera and Hydnocera, of the Cleridæ and have been now chosen in order that their publication may be as nearly contemporaneous as possible with the recent descriptions of new species by Mr. Schaeffer and Dr. Skinner, whose articles have aroused some present interest in this family.
THE TYPE OF THE GENUS COCCUS
Authors: Fernald M. E.
Published: February 2010

In the Canadian Entomologist, Vol. xxxiv, page 232 (1902), I gave the reasons for adopting hesperidum as the type of Coccus, which adoption caused such radical changes in the classification of the Cocciœ that I am free to say I hesitated to make them in my Catalogue of the Coccidæ of the World, published in 1903. The main difficulty was to give a proper interpretation to the action of Geoffroy, in his Histoire Abrégée des Insectes, Vol. I (1762), where he removed a part fo the Linnæan species from Coccus, and placed them in the genus Chermes, thus using this genus in a different sense from that of Linnæus, the original founder, and placing adonidum, phalaridis was given by Linnæus under the gensu Coccus, in his Systema Naturæ, ed. x (1758), and no one has ever been able to positively identify this insect.
MOSQUITO NOTES.—No. 4
Authors: Ludlow C. S.
Published: February 2010

The “confusion worse confounded” in which the mosquitoes of America are at present enveloped may be illustrated by the two following instances:

In the August number, Canadian Entomologist (1904) I described a mosquito from Benecia, Cal, as Grabhamia de Neidmannii, and, some time afterward, received a note from Mr. Coquillett, stating he believed it to be his Culex squamiger (orginally published as Tœniorhynchus).
CATALOGUE OF THE GENERA OF THE HEMIPTEROUS FAMILY APHIDÆ.—Supplement
Authors: Kirkaldy G. W.
Published: February 2010

My friend, Prof. T.D.A. Cockerell, has indicated some omissions in the above Catalogue, which I have verified. Those marked * are not recorded in the “Zoological Record,” and I had not seen the works fill Prof. Cockerell called my attention to them.
NOTES ON SOME MOSQUITOES FROM NEWCASTLE, JAMAICA
Authors: Grabham M.
Published: February 2010

During the summer and autumn of 1905 severall small collections of mosquitoes were sent to me by Major Hassard, of the Royal Army Medical Corps, and Colonel Loscombe, from the Military Station at Newcastle, alt 4,000 feet, and more recently a number of living larvæ from the same locality, collected by Miss. Maclaverty.
TWO NEW ONCIDERES, WITH NOTES ON SOME OTHER COLEOPTERA
Authors: Schaeffer Chas.
Published: February 2010

A fine large Oncideres, which agrees very well with the description of Thomson's tesselatus, was sent me lately for identification by Prof. Snow, who collected this fine addition to our fauna in S. Arizona this year. This occurence of this species in our fauna gives me the opportunity to make known another large Oncideres from Texas, apparantly new, which belongs with tesselatus to the sub-genus LochmŒcles.
A FURTHER NOTE ON EUCHŒCA COMPTARIA AND THE ALLIED SPECIES
Authors: Taylor Geo. W.
Published: February 2010

I am glad that Dr. Dyar has given us a note on the Euchœca comptaria problem, and that up to certain point he supports my view.

Without a doubt, he is right in insisting that the type species of Nomenia must be called 12-lineata, Packard.
A CORRECTION
Authors: Caudell A. N.
Published: February 2010

An inexcusable blunder was committed by me some years ago. On page 791, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. XXVI, for 1903, I described an insect under the name Psinidia sclciforns, var. amplicornis. For the word sulcifrons the specific name fenestralis was intended, and should be subsituted throughtout the description.
A FEW NOTES ON THE LEPIDOPTERA OF 1905
Authors: Heath E. F.
Published: February 2010

The season was a very unsatisfactory one for Lepidoptera in my neighbourhood, so far as quality was concerned, and yer several new species turned up—new, that is to say, to this district—and there were sundry other occurrences which I think may be worthy of record.
A RARE CARABID = PLATYNUS QUADRIMACULATUS, HORN
Authors: Blatchley W. S.
Published: February 2010

Among a collection of beetles made by the late Dr. F. Stein, of Indianpolis, I found some years ago a specimen marked“platynus, sp? Indiana.— Finding no description fitting it in Dr. Horn's revision of the genus,* I sent it among other specimens for naming to Dr. E. A. Schwarz, of the U.S. Divison of Entomolgy. Under date of January 17, 1899, he wrote me that it was oPlatynus quadrimaculatus, horn; that it “was not represented in the U.S. National Museum collection, and that only a few specimens had ever been captured.”
THE SNOW FLY, CHIONEA VALGA
Authors: Ainslie C. N.
Published: February 2010

From allusions that are met with in papers and letters, the Snow Fly seems to be to most collectors a mythical insect, seldom described and more infrequently found. The late Dr. Lugger claimed to have taken it in Minnesota, but, a short time before his death, when he undertook to show me an example of the insect, it could not be found either in his own or the State collection.
THREE NEW SPECIES OF BEES
Authors: Crawford J. C.
Published: February 2010

Perdita Cockerelli, n. sp.—♂. Head and thorax green, finely roughened, metathorax sometimes more bluish; face up to antennæ, including labrum and mandibles, except tips, lateral face-marks running to a point about half way between point of insertion on antennæ and summit of eyes, narrow inferior orbits half way up, scape in front, large spot on turbecles, connected with a spot on prothorax and also with coxal cavity, spot on tegulæ, all of legs except black stripe on rear of anterior and intermediate femora and tibiæ and basal half of all coxæ, yellow; black stripes on front and rear of hind femora connected below, hind tibiæ black, with a yellow stripe in front, flagellum reddish testaceous below; wings milky hyaline, nervures pallid, costa, radius more or less and margin of stigma brownish; tegulæ pallid; pubesecence of head and thorax long, white, abundant on pleura and cheeks, tarsi yellowish testaceous, hind tarsi dark; abdomen brownish black, segments 1–5 with yellow bands narrowly interrupted medially; that on 5 sometimes reduced to two spots; venter yellow, tip dark.
ON WING-VEIN NOMENCLATURE
Authors: Grossbeck John. A.
Published: February 2010

It will be noticed that in the preceding paper on Geometridæ, I have used the Comstockian terms of designating wing-veins. Heretofore these have not been used by any writers on this family of moths; in act, they have been very little used by writers in any family. The reason for this is, not that the system is not a good one, but because it is comparatively new. Most of the older writers have become used to the number system, having employed it in all their previous work, and therefore retain it to preserve uniformity, and perhaps make no effort to familarize themselves with the new dispensation.
A NEW CRYPTINE GENUS FROM CUBA
Authors: Ashmead William. H.
Published: February 2010

Some years ago Mr. J. M. Espin, of Guantanamo, Cuba, sent to Dr. L. O. Howard for names some parasitic Hymenopetera, among which I indicated a new genus, but which I neglected to describe. As Mr. Espin has rcently written about it aand desires its early description, I submit the following:

Neslinoceras, new genus.
THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF PRIOPHORUS
Authors: Macgillivray Alex. D.
Published: February 2010

There have been described thus far three species of this genus from the United States, two of them known only in the male sex, the third known only in the female sex. A fourth species, known only in the female sex, is described below. The types of œqualis, Nort., and simplocicornis, Cress., are in the collections of the American Entomological Society, and I am indebted to Mr. J. Chester Bradley for examining these types and furnishing me with the notes on which the descriptions given below are based.
THREE NEW CANADIAN FLEAS
Authors: Rothschild N. Charles
Published: February 2010

1. Chœtopsylla setosus sp. nov.— Nearest to Ch. ursi, Rothsch. (1902), but easily recognized by the shape of the abdominal sclerites and the tarsi.

Head.—The labial palpus consists of about ten segments, reaching beyond the trochanter, while in ursi there are seven or eight segments only. There is one row of four or five bristles before the eye. The occiput bears two or three hairs behind the base of the antenna, a lateral row of four or five bristles in the centre, and a subapical row.
POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY.—NO. 17.: The Locust Mite
Authors: Jarvis T. D.
Published: February 2010

During the past summer the Locust Mite (Trombidum locustarum, Riley) has been very common at Guelph, especially on the Red-legged Locust (Melanoplus femur rubrum), but a few specimens have also been found upon the Two-striped Locust (Melanoplus bivittatus). The mite is most generally found attached to the base of the second pair of wings, although it is alos found on the wing itself, and on any other part of the body where it cannot be readily detached by the locust; a favourite position upon the body is between the segments of the thorax and abdomen, and also behind the upper joints of the legs; in such postion their only means of attachment to their host is apparently by theri mandibles.
SOME CARPENTER-BEES FROM AFRICA
Authors: Cockerell T. D. A.
Published: February 2010

I am indebted to Dr. F. Creighton Wellman for specimens of two little-known species of Xylocopiæ, collected by himself in Angola. Although they are not new species, they suggest a few observations.
THE LIFE-HISTORY OF THE SPINED RUSTIC, BARATHRA CURIALIS, SMITH
Authors: Fletcher James , Gibson Arthur
Published: February 2010

In the Report of the Entomologist and Botanist to the Dominion Experimental Farms for 1905, at pages 179 and 180, considerable space is given to a discussion of an outbreak of a large noctuid caterpillar, which appeared in considerable numbers in Canada during 1905. Complaints of injury by this insect were received from a wide area, extending from Nova Scotia as far west as Lake Superior. During July many kinds of plants in gardens were attacked by smooth cutworm-like caterpillas, which when small were greenish in colour, having the body divided into two equal areas above and below the spiracles by a wide black stigmatal band.
SOME NEW GEOMETRIDÆ FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Taylor Geo. W.
Published: February 2010

The species described below were all included in a paper on B.C. Geometridæ, which was read by title before the Royal Society of Cananda last May.

Unfortunaterly, it was not possible (owing to pressure of other work) for me to complete the paper in time for publication in this year's volume of the Transactions, and as the names have all appeared in a “Check List of the Lepidoptera of British Columbia,” recently published by the Provincial Department of Agriculture, it seems better to print the descriptions now in the Canadian Entomologist than to wait the appearance of next year's volume of the Royal Society's Transactions.
SOME NEW SPECIES OF HALICTUS
Authors: Crawford J. C.
Published: February 2010

In the following descriptions the term sericeous or sericeously roughened in applied to the silky lustre induced by the minute striation or roughening of the surface.
NOTES ON HEMIPTERA TAKEN BY W. J. PALMER, NEAR LAKE TEMAGAMI, ONT
Authors: Van Duzee E. P.
Published: February 2010

These notes refer to a small but interesting collection of Hemiptera taken about Lake Temagami in August, 1906, by my friend, Mr. William J. Palmer, of Buffalo. Before starting for a brief vacation trip to northern Ontario, Mr. Palmer very kindly offered to collect Hemiptera for me as time and circumstances would permit. On four days only was he able to do any collecting, but considering the unfavourable conditions, the results were remarkably good, both as to the amount and character of the material brought home.
THE PUPATION OF EUVANESSA ANTIOPA, L
Authors: Fletcher James
Published: February 2010

On the morning of November 8th I was fortunate enough to watch the pupation of a caterpillar of Euvanessa antiopa, L. The operation has often been described, but it seems worth while putting another observation on record, which was carefully watched by Mr. Arthur Gibson and myself, from the time the larval skin first burst unitl the cremaster wad firmly fixed in the silk. The chrysalis first appeared through the black skin as a white dash in the middle of the second thoracic segment.
TWO NEW SCALE-INSECTS
Authors: Woglum R. S.
Published: February 2010

While making a study of the Coccidæ representing the genus Aspidiotus (sens. latiss.) in the collection of Cornell University, I found two undescribed species; both are from the United states.
NEW LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: Weeks Andrew Gray
Published: February 2010

Habitat: Suapure, Venezuela. Expanse, 1.60 inches.

Head and thorax dark brown above, with a slight whtie dot at base of each antenna; below nearly white. Palpi black above, white below. Abdoment dark brown above, below nearly white, with a dusting of tawny scales of the last two segments. Antenn♀ dark brown.
CATALOGUE OF THE GENERA OF THE HEMIPTEROUS FAMILY APHIDÆ, WITH THEIR TYPICAL SPECIES, TOGETHER WITH A LIST OF THE SPECIES DESCRIBED AS NEW FROM 1885 TO 1905
Authors: Kirkaldy G. W.
Published: February 2010

57. Tychea, Koch 1857, Pflanzelause, 296 t. graminis, Koch.*

58. Smynthurodes, Westwood, 1849, Gardener's Chron. 420, t. beta, Westw.
The Single IgG IL-1–Related Receptor Controls TLR Responses in Differentiated Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Khan Mohammed A. , Steiner Theodore S. , Sham Ho Pan , Bergstrom Kirk S. , Huang Jingtian T. , Assi Kiran , Salh Bill , Tai Isabella T. , Li Xiaoxia , Vallance Bruce A.
Published: February 2010

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are constantly exposed to enteric microbes. Although IECs express TLRs that recognize bacterial products, the activation of these TLRs is strictly controlled through poorly understood mechanisms, producing a state of hyporesponsiveness and preventing unwanted inflammation. The single IgG IL-1–related receptor (Sigirr) is a negative regulator of TLRs that is expressed by IECs and was recently shown to inhibit experimental colitis. However, the importance of Sigirr in IEC hyporesponsiveness and its distribution within the human colon is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of Sigirr in regulating epithelial-specific TLR responses and characterized its expression in colonic biopsy specimens. Transformed and nontransformed human IECs were cultured as monolayers. Transient gene silencing and stable overexpression of Sigirr was performed to assess innate IEC responses. Sigirr expression in human colonic biopsy specimens was examined by immunohistochemistry. Bacterial infection of IECs and exposure to flagellin transiently decreased Sigirr protein expression, concurrent with secretion of the neutrophil chemokine IL-8. Sigirr gene silencing augmented chemokine responses to bacterial flagellin, Pam3Cys, and the cytokine IL-1β. Conversely, stable overexpression of Sigirr diminished NF-κB–mediated IL-8 responses to TLR ligands. We also found that Sigirr expression increased as IECs differentiated in culture. This observation was confirmed in biopsy sections, in which Sigirr expression within colonic crypts was prominent in IECs at the apex and diminished at the base. Our findings show that Sigirr broadly regulates innate responses in differentiated human IECs; therefore, it may modulate epithelial involvement in infectious and inflammatory bowel diseases.
C-Type Lectin SIGN-R1 Has a Role in Experimental Colitis and Responsiveness to Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Saunders Sean P. , Barlow Jillian L. , Walsh Caitriona M. , Bellsoi Agustin , Smith Philip , McKenzie Andrew N. J. , Fallon Padraic G.
Published: February 2010

Pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) function to maintain the balance between controlled responses to pathogens and uncontrolled innate immune activation leading to inflammation. In the context of commensal bacteria and the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease, although a role for the TLRs is known, there is a less defined function for C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). We demonstrate that mice deficient (−/−) in the CLR specific intracellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing nonintegrin homolog-related 1 (SIGN-R1) (CD209b) have reduced susceptibility to experimental colitis, with a reduction in the disease severity, colon damage, and levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. To determine whether SIGN-R1−/− mice had a systemic defect in innate activation, we examined the responsiveness of macrophages from SIGN-R1−/− mice to TLR ligands. SIGN-R1−/− peritoneal macrophages, but not bone marrow-derived macrophages, have a specific defect in IL-1β and IL-18 production, but not other cytokines, in response to the TLR4 ligand LPS. In vivo SIGN-R1−/− mice had significantly reduced susceptibility to LPS-induced shock. To address the synergistic relationship between SIGN-R1 and TLR4 in the context of experimental colitis, SIGN-R1/TLR4−/− mice were generated. SIGN-R1/TLR4−/− mice displayed reduced susceptibility to experimental colitis relative to severity of disease observed in wild-type or TLR4−/− mice. The in vivo use of a blocking mAb confirmed a functional role for SIGN-R1 in LPS-induced shock and experimental colitis. These data indicate a role for SIGN-R1 in the regulation of inflammation in a model of experimental colitis and illustrate that SIGN-R1 is a critical innate factor in response to LPS.
Inflammatory Cytokine-Induced Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Are Critical for Immunosuppression
Authors: Ren Guangwen , Zhao Xin , Zhang Liying , Zhang Jimin , L'Huillier Andrew , Ling Weifang , Roberts Arthur I. , Le Anh D. , Shi Songtao , Shao Changshun , Shi Yufang
Published: February 2010

Cell–cell adhesion mediated by ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 is critical for T cell activation and leukocyte recruitment to the inflammation site and, therefore, plays an important role in evoking effective immune responses. However, we found that ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were critical for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated immunosuppression. When MSCs were cocultured with T cells in the presence of T cell Ag receptor activation, they significantly upregulated the adhesive capability of T cells due to the increased expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. By comparing the immunosuppressive effect of MSCs toward various subtypes of T cells and the expression of these adhesion molecules, we found that the greater expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 by MSCs, the greater the immunosuppressive capacity that they exhibited. Furthermore, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were found to be inducible by the concomitant presence of IFN-γ and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α or IL-1). Finally, MSC-mediated immunosuppression was significantly reversed in vitro and in vivo when the adhesion molecules were genetically deleted or functionally blocked, which corroborated the importance of cell–cell contact in immunosuppression by MSCs. Taken together, these findings reveal a novel function of adhesion molecules in immunoregulation by MSCs and provide new insights for the clinical studies of antiadhesion therapies in various immune disorders.
MicroRNA Regulation of IFN-β Protein Expression: Rapid and Sensitive Modulation of the Innate Immune Response
Authors: Witwer Kenneth W. , Sisk Jeanne M. , Gama Lucio , Clements Janice E.
Published: February 2010

IFN-β production is an inaugural event in the innate immune response to viral infections, with relatively small fold changes in IFN-β expression resulting in the activation of important antiviral signaling cascades. In our rapid SIV/macaque model of HIV encephalitis, the virus enters the CNS within 4 d of infection, accompanied by a marked IFN-β response that wanes as SIV replication is controlled. The centrality of IFN-β to the innate antiviral response in the CNS combines with the potential inflammatory damage associated with long-term activation of this pathway to suggest that IFN-β may be subject to regulatory fine-tuning in addition to well-established transcriptional and message stability mechanisms of regulation. In this paper, we present for the first time evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-26a, -34a, -145, and let-7b, may directly regulate IFN-β in human and macaque cells. In primary primate macrophages, the main cell type implicated in HIV and SIV infection in the CNS, specific miRNAs reduce, whereas miRNA inhibitors enhance, IFN-β protein production. The potential biologic significance of this regulation is supported by evidence of an apparent negative feedback loop, with increased expression of three IFN-β–regulating miRNAs by primate macrophages exposed to recombinant IFN-β or stimulated to produce IFN-β. Thus, miRNAs may contribute significantly to the regulation of IFN-β in innate immune responses.
The Role of the LAT–PLC-γ1 Interaction in T Regulatory Cell Function
Authors: Chuck Mariana I. , Zhu Minghua , Shen Shudan , Zhang Weiguo
Published: February 2010

The interaction between the linker for activation of T cells (LAT) with PLC-γ1 is important for TCR-mediated Ca2+ signaling and MAPK activation. Knock-in mice harboring a mutation at the PLC-γ1 binding site (Y136) of LAT develop a severe lymphoproliferative syndrome. These mice have defective thymic development and selection and lack natural regulatory T cells, implicating a breakdown of both central and peripheral tolerance. To bypass this developmental defect, we developed a conditional knock-in line in which only LATY136F is expressed in mature T cells after deletion of the wild type LAT allele. Analysis of LATY136F T cells indicated that the interaction between LAT and PLC-γ1 plays an important role in TCR-mediated signaling, proliferation, and IL-2 production. Furthermore, the deletion of LAT induced development of the lymphoproliferative syndrome in these mice. Although Foxp3+ natural Treg cells were present in these mice after deletion, they were unable to suppress the proliferation of conventional T cells. Our data indicate that the binding of LAT to PLC-γ1 is essential for the suppressive function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.
Cutting Edge: Bacterial Infection Induces Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Expansion in the Absence of TLR Signaling
Authors: Scumpia Philip O. , Kelly-Scumpia Kindra M. , Delano Matthew J. , Weinstein Jason S. , Cuenca Alex G. , Al-Quran Samer , Bovio Ian , Akira Shizuo , Kumagai Yutaro , Moldawer Lyle L.
Published: February 2010

Bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) can be activated by type I IFNs, TLR agonists, viruses, and bacteria to increase hematopoiesis. In this study, we report that endotoxin treatment in vivo induces TLR4, MyD88, and Toll/IL-1 resistance domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β (TRIF)-dependent expansion of BM HSPCs. Bacterial infection by Staphylococcus aureus or cecal ligation and puncture also induces HSPC expansion, but MyD88, TRIF, type I IFN, cytokine, PG, or oxidative stress pathways are not required for their expansion. S. aureus-induced HSPC expansion in MyD88−/−TRIF−/− mice is also normal, but is associated with BM remodeling as granulocyte stores are released peripherally. Importantly, reduction in BM cellularity alone can reproduce HSPC expansion. These data show in vivo HSPC responses to bacterial infection are complex and not absolutely dependent upon key inflammatory signaling pathways.
Gastrointestinal parasites of Howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) inhabiting the fragmented landscape of the Santa Marta mountain range, Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: Valdespino Carolina , Rico‐Hernández Guillermo , Mandujano Salvador
Published: February 2010

In recent years populations of howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in southeastern Mexico have decreased substantially due to the transformation and loss of natural habitats. This is especially evident in the Santa Marta mountain range, Veracruz, Mexico where several studies have evaluated the impact of fragmentation on howler monkey populations in order to propose management programs for their conservation. The conditions generated by fragmentation likely change the rates of parasitic infection and could decrease howler survival. In this study, gastrointestinal parasite species richness, prevalence, and egg density of infection were determined in howler groups inhabiting five forest fragments at the Santa Marta mountain range. Two hundred and seventy‐eight fresh fecal samples were collected between October 2002 and April 2003. Three parasite species were found during the dry and the wet season in all forest fragments sampled: one unidentified species of Eimeriidae;Trypanoxyuris minutus(Oxyuridae); andControrchis biliophilus(Dicrocoeliidae). Both the prevalence ofT. minutusand infection density for all parasites differed between seasons and fragments (the largest fragment consistently differed from other fragments). Host density, distance to the nearest town, fragment size, fragment shape, and total basal area of food trees explained parasite prevalence, but each species had a different pattern. Although parasite richness was lower, prevalence and density were higher than values reported for howlers in conserved forests. These results suggest that the establishment of biological corridors and animal translocation programs must take into account the parasite ecology of each fragment to avoid higher infection rates and preclude potential consequent mortality. Am. J. Primatol. 72:539–548, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Properties of water‐soluble acrylic copolymer/montmorillonite nanocomposites for warp sizing
Authors: Chen Min , Zhu Pu‐Xin , Gao Ming , Du Zong‐Liang , Chen Yong , Zhou Dong‐Liang , Jian Yu‐Lin
Published: February 2010

Acrylic copolymer/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites for warp sizing were prepared in the presence of Na+‐MMT by the in situ intercalative polymerization of acrylic acid, acrylamide, and methyl acrylate in water solution. The properties of the solution and cast film were tested according to an application in sizing process of the nanocomposite size with various MMT contents. The results indicate that, for an exfoliated structure corresponding to the MMT content increasing to 7 wt %, the performance parameters of solution viscosity, glass‐transition temperature, and tensile strength of the film increased and the moisture sorption, abrasion loss, and elongation at break of the film decreased. When the intercalated structure of MMT was 9 wt %, the gathered MMT layers acted as a common inorganic filler in the copolymer matrix, with limited contribution to the properties of the composite. The adhesion work of the nanocomposite solution was calculated by use of the Young–Dupre relation, which showed maximum values at an MMT content of 3 wt % on the surfaces of both the polyester and cellulose films. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation and in vitro drug‐release behavior of 5‐fluorouracil‐loaded poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyhexanoate) nanoparticles and microparticles
Authors: Lu Xiao‐Yun , Zhang Yali , Wang Liang
Published: February 2010

Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) copolymeric microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by the double‐emulsion solvent‐evaporation technique. 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐Fu), an anticancer drug, was entrapped in PHBHHx NPs and MPs. A variety of parameters, including the species and concentration of different surfactants, power and time of ultrasonication for particle dispersion, and organic/aqueous solution ratio, that affected the production of the 5‐Fu‐loaded PHBHHx NP and MP particles and the release of 5‐Fu were studied. The results show that the prepared NPs and MPs were spherical in shape and about 160 nm and 3 μm in size, respectively, when cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide was used as the emulsifier. The drug‐loading content (DLC) varied from 3.53 to 8.03% for 5‐Fu‐loaded NPs and from 4.83 to 18.87% for 5‐Fu‐loaded MPs and depended on the different initial feeding amounts of 5‐Fu. The encapsulation efficiency decreased with increasing DLC. The in vitro drug‐release characteristics appeared to have two phases with an initial burst effect occurring within the first 8 h; this was more obvious for the particles with low DLCs. The NPs with high DLC (8.03%) had the slowest release rate, 49.6% of 5‐Fu within 24 h. Therefore, PHBHHx copolymeric NPs and MPs can possibly be applied as drug‐delivery carrier materials in the future. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) and Nylon 6/12 nanofibers produced by melt electrospinning system equipped with a line‐like laser beam melting device
Authors: Shimada Naoki , Tsutsumi Hideaki , Nakane Koji , Ogihara Takashi , Ogata Nobuo
Published: February 2010

A new melt electrospinning system equipped with a line‐like laser beam melting device developed for the mass production of nanofibers is introduced; this system enables fibers to be produced from locally melted polymer sheets in the presence of an electric field. Using this system, fibers were produced from poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol)(EVOH) and Nylon 6/12 sheets. The fiber formation mechanism was investigated with a video camera and a thermographic camera. It was found that (1) many Taylor cones are formed on the molten end surface of the sheet at almost regular intervals; (2) a single fiber is produced from the apex of each Taylor cone; and (3) the temperature in the Taylor cone changes markedly during the fiber production. Furthermore, it is found that fibers with an average diameter smaller than 1 μm can be produced from EVOH and Nylon 6/12 sheets by the optimization of manufacturing parameters such as laser output power, voltage, sheet thickness and the feed rate of the sheet. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010