bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elucidating structural patterns in hydrogen bond dense materials: a study of ammonium salts of (4‐aminium‐1‐hydroxybutylidine)‐1,1‐bisphosphonic acid.
Authors: Forsyth Craig. M. , Greenhill Neil B. , Junk Peter C. , Deacon Glen B.
Published: December 2021

The syntheses and structures of ammonium salts of the active pharmaceutical agent (4‐aminium‐1‐hydroxybutylidine)‐1,1‐bisphosphonic acid (alendronic acid, LH5) have been examined. Three deprotonation states of the parent acid were achieved i. e. LH4−, LH32− and LH23−, and crystallisation gave a total of six different structural phases including [NH4][LH4] ⋅ 2(H2O) as two polymorphs 1 a and 1 b, two hydrates of [NH4]2[LH3] ⋅ x(H2O), x=3 (2), x=6 (3), [NH4]5[LH3][LH2] ⋅ 8(H2O) (4) and [NH4]3[LH2] ⋅ 3(H2O) (5). The crystal structures obtained, along with that of the parent acid, enable a direct comparison of competing supramolecular synthons, involving phosphonate‐phosphonate O−H⋅⋅⋅O and ammonium‐phosphonate N−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds, in a series displaying progressively decreasing P‐OH with concomitantly increasing RNH3+ moieties. Indeed, the structures show some consistent connectivity patterns of the alendronate units, which thus assemble into substructures such as 2‐D sheets (LH5 ⋅ H2O, 1 a), zig‐zag chains (2, 5) or ladder‐like arrays (3, 4). The occurrence of these motifs appears to correlate with the ionisation level of the parent acid.
Sparse polynomial equations and other enumerative problems whose Galois groups are wreath products
Authors: Esterov A. , Lang L.
Published: December 2021

We introduce a new technique to prove connectivity of subsets of covering spaces (so called inductive connectivity), and apply it to Galois theory of problems of enumerative geometry. As a model example, consider the problem of permuting the roots of a complex polynomial $$f(x) = c_0 + c_1 x^{d_1} + \cdots + c_k x^{d_k}$$

f

(
x
)

=

c
0

+

c
1

x

d
1

+
⋯
+

c
k

x

d
k

by varying its coefficients. If the GCD of the exponents is d, then the polynomial admits the change of variable $$y=x^d$$

y
=

x
d

, and its roots split into necklaces of length d. At best we can expect to permute these necklaces, i.e. the Galois group of f equals the wreath product of the symmetric group over $$d_k/d$$

d
k

/
d

elements and $${\mathbb {Z}}/d{\mathbb {Z}}$$

Z
/
d
Z

. We study the multidimensional generalization of this equality: the Galois group of a general system of polynomial equations equals the expected wreath product for a large class of systems, but in general this expected equality fails, making the problem of describing such Galois groups unexpectedly rich.
Mössbauer study of some novel iron-bis-glyoxime and iron-tris-glyoxime complexes
Authors: Várhelyi Cs. , Homonnay Z. , Szalay R. , Pokol Gy. , Szilágyi I-M. , Huszthy P. , Kubuki S. , Goga F. , Tötös R. , Simon-Várhelyi M. , Kuzmann E.
Published: December 2021

Dioximes as ligands are used as analytical reagents and serve as models for biological systems as well as catalysts in chemical processes. A number of novel mixed complexes of the type [Fe(DioxH)2(amine)2] have been prepared and characterised by FTIR, 57Fe Mössbauer and mass spectroscopy by us. We have found strong Fe–N donor acceptor interactions and iron occurred in low-spin FeII state in all complexes. Later, we have also found that the incorporation of branching alkyl chains (isopropyl) in the complexes alters the Fe–N bond length and results in high-spin iron(II) state [1, 2]. The question arises: can the spin state of iron be manipulated generally by replacing the short alkyl chains with high volume demand ones in Fe-azomethine-amine complexes? To answer the question we have synthetized novel iron-bis-glioxime and iron-tris-gloxime complexes when long chain alkyl or aromatic ligands replaced the short alkyl ones and studied by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, MS, FTIR, UV-VIS, TG-DTA-DTG and XRD methods. Novel iron-bis-glyoxime and iron-tris-glyoxime type complexes, [Fe(Diethyl-Diox)3(BOH)2], [Fe(Diethyl-Diox)3(BOEt)2] and [Fe(phenyl-Me-Diox)3(BOEt)2], were synthesized similarly as described in [2]. The FTIR, UV-VIS, TG-DTA-DTG and MS measurements indicated that the expected novel complexes could be successfully synthesized.
Self-directed Science Learning During COVID-19 and Beyond
Authors: Gerard Libby , Wiley Korah , Debarger Angela Haydel , Bichler Sarah , Bradford Allison , Linn Marcia C.
Published: December 2021

Prompted by the sudden shift to remote instruction in March 2020 brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, teachers explored online resources to support their students learning from home. We report on how twelve teachers identified and creatively leveraged open educational resources (OERs) and practices to facilitate self-directed science learning. Based on interviews and logged data, we illustrate how teachers’ use of OER starkly differed from the typical uses of technology for transmitting information or increasing productivity. These experiences provide insights into ways teachers and professional developers can take advantage of OER to promote self-directed learning when in-person instruction resumes.
Happy Cultures? A Multilevel Model of Well-Being with Individual and Contextual Human Values
Authors: Bruna Fernando
Published: December 2021

Despite the abundant literature in Happiness Science, no paper to date has studied the joint effects of human values on subjective well-being at individual and contextual level. Using European Social Survey data for life satisfaction and Salomon H. Schwartz’s scale for human values with four and ten dimensions, this paper presents novel evidence on the direct effects of individual, regional, and national human values, utilizing two different ways of building cultural indicators of human values. We show that regional factors explain approximately 2% of the dispersion of individual life satisfaction, whereas national factors explain around 12%. The results on the effects of individual human values support Sortheix and Schwartz’s hypothesis, with a significant difference: IndividualConformityhas a positive impact on well-being, not the negative sign Sortheix and Schwartz predict forConservationvalues. We also find positive direct cultural effects forBenevolenceandConformityand negative effects forTradition. Additionally, we propose a research agenda for human values and contextual effects on well-being studies.
Vygotsky and Spinoza
Authors: Oittinen Vesa
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes Lev Vygotsky’s attempts to utilize Spinoza’s philosophical ideas in solving the methodological crisis of psychology in the 1920s and 1930s. Vygotsky had a manuscript, Uchenie ob emocijakh, where he scrutinized the doctrines of the effects on Descartes and Spinoza. Whilst Descartes’ doctrine built on a dualistic soul versus body premise, Spinoza’s starting point was monistic. Despite his clear sympathies for Spinoza’s solution, which according to him was more compatible with Marxism, too, Vygotsky did not manage to finish his study. One may, indeed, doubt whether Spinoza was able to deliver the decisive key for the solution of the dualism problem, since his philosophy built on metaphysical postulates that were unacceptable to Vygotsky.
Male Monsters Still Stalk, Yet More Violent: A Comparative Analysis of Original Slasher Films and Their Remakes
Authors: Hernández-Santaolalla Víctor , Raya Irene
Published: December 2021

Since its origins in the mid-1970s, the slasher has been defined as a subgenre of horror in which a serial or mass killer stalks and massacres middle-class youngsters, and preferably attractive young women, using cutting weapons or projectiles. In that regard, the twenty-first century has seen a revival of the slasher, combining the release of original movies with remakes of classic films, adapting the traditional plots to the current context. In this paper, a comparative content analysis is performed on 13 slasher films made during the 1970s and the 1980s and 13 remakes premiered in the new millennium, focusing on the differences stemming from the adaptation of the latter to the new sociocultural context. The results indicate that, although there have been a number of changes, such as higher doses of explicit violence and profanity and in the fight responses of the victims, most of the subgenre’s defining traits have remained intact, whereas others, such as those relating to the defining traits of the victims, should be questioned. The limited differences found between the original films and the remakes provide the basis for drawing interesting conclusions about the subgenre itself, as well as to raise discussions about the different contexts of production and reception.
Looking for Ephesian workshops: an integrated petrographic, geochemical, and chrono-typological approach to Late Hellenistic Ephesos lamps
Authors: Fragnoli Pamela , Ugarković Marina , Sterba Johannes H. , Sauer Roman
Published: December 2021

In this pilot study, Late Hellenistic mold-made lamps from Ephesos are investigated by combining chrono-morphological and stylistic features with thin-section petrography and neutron activation analysis. Coeval wares of Ephesian production and clay samples collected around the site as well as published data from the Bonn database are considered local reference material. The results point to a network of local/regional workshops sharing facilities and/or a labor force dedicated to distinct tasks. The whole evidence is consistent with the very beginning of a nucleated workshop industry able to optimize the productivity of mold-made wares and fill the demand of an increased regional and supra-regional market. The typological and compositional variability of the latest phases could suggest a gradual transfer of potting activities towards areas providing better-suited clay sources.
Progress and development of particle jet drilling speed-increasing technology and rock-breaking mechanism for deep well
Authors: Fang Tiancheng , Ren Fushen , Liu Hanxu , Zhang Yuan , Cheng Jianxun
Published: December 2021

Increasing drilling speed and efficiency of hard formation for deep and ultra-deep well is one of the international recognized drilling problems and key technologies to be tackled urgently. Particle jet impact drilling technology is an efficient non-contact rock-breaking method to overcome slow drilling speed, which has great development and application potential in drilling speed-increase of hard formation and deep well. High efficiency drilling technology and rock-breaking speed-increase mechanism in high temperature, high pressure and high hardness formations of deep and ultra-deep wells were mainly focused and keynoted in this paper. With extensive investigation of domestic and foreign literature, the working principle, key technical devices, deep-well-rock mechanical characteristic, unconventional constitutive model and rock-breaking mechanism of particle jet impact drilling technology were analyzed, which proved the feasibility and high efficiency for deep and hard stratum, and also, dynamic failure mechanism of rock needs to be elaborated by constructing the constitutive model with high temperature and pressure. Meanwhile, the major problems to be solved at present and development direction future were summarized, which mainly included: miniaturization of drilling equipment and individualization of drilling bit; optimization of jet parameters and the evaluation method of rock-breaking effect; establishment of mechanical property and unconventional constitutive model of deep-well-rock; rock-breaking mechanism and dynamic response under particle jet coupling impact. The research can help for better understanding of deep-well drilling speed-increasing technology and also promote the development and engineering application of particle jet impact drilling speed-increase theory and equipment.
The impact of different data sources on the level and structure of income inequality
Authors: Ayala Luis , Pérez Ana , Prieto-Alaiz Mercedes
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to analyze the effect on measured inequality and its structure of using administrative data instead of survey data. Different analyses are carried out based on the Spanish Survey on Income and Living Conditions (ECV) that continued to ask households for their income despite assigning their income data as provided by the Tax Agency and the Social Security Administration. Our main finding is that the largest discrepancies between administrative and survey data are in the tails of the distribution. In addition to that, there are clear differences in the level and structure of inequality across data sources. These differences matter, and our results should be a wake-up call to interpret the results based on only one source of income data with caution.
Coarse infinite-dimensionality of hyperspaces of finite subsets
Authors: Weighill Thomas , Yamauchi Takamitsu , Zava Nicolò
Published: December 2021

We consider infinite-dimensional properties in coarse geometry for hyperspaces consisting of finite subsets of metric spaces with the Hausdorff metric. We see that several infinite-dimensional properties are preserved by taking the hyperspace of subsets with at mostnpoints. On the other hand, we prove that, if a metric space contains a sequence of long intervals coarsely, then its hyperspace of finite subsets is not coarsely embeddable into any uniformly convex Banach space. As a corollary, the hyperspace of finite subsets of the real line is not coarsely embeddable into any uniformly convex Banach space. It is also shown that every (not necessarily bounded geometry) metric space with straight finite decomposition complexity has metric sparsification property.
What can machines learn about heart failure? A systematic literature review
Authors: Jasinska-Piadlo A. , Bond R. , Biglarbeigi P. , Brisk R. , Campbell P. , McEneaneny D.
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a systematic literature review with respect to application of data science and machine learning (ML) to heart failure (HF) datasets with the intention of generating both a synthesis of relevant findings and a critical evaluation of approaches, applicability and accuracy in order to inform future work within this field. This paper has a particular intention to consider ways in which the low uptake of ML techniques within clinical practice could be resolved. Literature searches were performed on Scopus (2014-2021), ProQuest and Ovid MEDLINE databases (2014-2021). Search terms included ‘heart failure’ or ‘cardiomyopathy’ and ‘machine learning’, ‘data analytics’, ‘data mining’ or ‘data science’. 81 out of 1688 articles were included in the review. The majority of studies were retrospective cohort studies. The median size of the patient cohort across all studies was 1944 (min 46, max 93260). The largest patient samples were used in readmission prediction models with the median sample size of 5676 (min. 380, max. 93260). Machine learning methods focused on common HF problems: detection of HF from available dataset, prediction of hospital readmission following index hospitalization, mortality prediction, classification and clustering of HF cohorts into subgroups with distinctive features and response to HF treatment. The most common ML methods used were logistic regression, decision trees, random forest and support vector machines. Information on validation of models was scarce. Based on the authors’ affiliations, there was a median 3:1 ratio between IT specialists and clinicians. Over half of studies were co-authored by a collaboration of medical and IT specialists. Approximately 25% of papers were authored solely by IT specialists who did not seek clinical input in data interpretation. The application of ML to datasets, in particular clustering methods, enabled the development of classification models assisting in testing the outcomes of patients with HF. There is, however, a tendency to over-claim the potential usefulness of ML models for clinical practice. The next body of work that is required for this research discipline is the design of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with the use of ML in an intervention arm in order to prospectively validate these algorithms for real-world clinical utility.
Lithic Technology and Chronology of Initial Upper Paleolithic Assemblages at Tor Fawaz, Southern Jordan
Authors: Kadowaki Seiji , Tamura Toru , Kida Risako , Omori Takayuki , Maher Lisa A. , Portillo Marta , Hirose Masato , Suga Eiki , Massadeh Sate , Henry Donald O.
Published: December 2021

The Initial Upper Paleolithic (IUP) is a key chrono-cultural concept in our understanding of the cultural and population dynamics at the transition from the Middle Paleolithic to Upper Paleolithic period. This paper presents technological and chronological analyses of lithic assemblages from a rockshelter site at Tor Fawaz in the Jebel Qalkha area, southern Jordan, to provide accurate dating and detailed recognition of the IUP variability in the Levant. We present integrated micromorphological, phytolith, and dung spherulite analyses to evaluate formation and postdepositional processes of archaeological remains through high-resolution micro-contextual studies. As a result, the Tor Fawaz assemblages show general similarity to those of Boker Tachtit Level 4, Tor Sadaf A–B, and Wadi Aghar C–D1 that represent the late phase of the IUP in the southern Levant. Based on the detailed recognition of site-formation processes, we suggest ca. 45–36 ka as the age of IUP occupations at Tor Fawaz. More specifically, the IUP occupations at Tor Fawaz and Wadi Aghar, a nearby IUP site in the same area, may represent slightly different phases that show a lithic technological trend paralleling the IUP sequence at Tor Sadaf in southern Jordan, and possibly post-date Boker Tachtit Level 4. We also discuss the issue of partial chronological overlap between the late IUP and the Ahmarian and also argue for the geographically different trends in cultural changes from the late IUP to the Ahmarian.
Development of carbonaceous tin-based solder composite achieving unprecedented joint performance
Authors: Hawi Sara , Gharavian Somayeh , Burda Marek , Goel Saurav , Lotfian Saeid , Khaleque Tasnuva , Nezhad Hamed Yazdani
Published: December 2021

Weight reduction and improved strength are two common engineering goals in the joining sector to benefit transport, aerospace, and nuclear industries amongst others. Here, in this paper, we show that the suitable addition of carbon nanomaterials to a tin-based solder material matrix (C-Solder® supplied by Cametics Ltd.) results in two-fold strength of soldered composite joints. Single-lap shear joint experiments were conducted on soldered aluminium alloy (6082 T6) substrates. The soldering material was reinforced in different mix ratios by carbon black, graphene, and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and benchmarked against the pristine C-solder®. The material characterisation was performed using Vickers micro-indentation, differential scanning calorimetry and nano-indentation, whereas functional testing involved mechanical shear tests using single-lap aluminium soldered joints and creep tests. The hardness was observed to improve in all cases except for the 0.01 wt.% graphene reinforced solders, with 5% and 4% improvements in 0.05 carbon black and SWCNT reinforced solders, respectively. The maximum creep indentation was noted to improve for all solder categories with maximum 11% and 8% improvements in 0.05 wt.% carbon black and SWCNT reinforced ones. In general, the 0.05 wt.% nanomaterial reinforced solders promoted progressive cohesion failure in the joints as opposed to instantaneous fully de-bonded failure observed in pristine soldered joints, which suggests potential application in high-performance structures where no service load induced adhesion failure is permissible (e.g. aerospace assemblies). The novel innovation developed here will pave the way to achieving high-performance solder joining without carrying out extensive surface preparations.
GranatumX: A Community-Engaging, Modularized, and Flexible Webtool for Single-Cell Data Analysis
Authors: Garmire David G. , Zhu Xun , Mantravadi Aravind , Huang Qianhui , Yunits Breck , Liu Yu , Wolfgruber Thomas , Poirion Olivier , Zhao Tianying , Arisdakessian Cédric , Stanojevic Stefan , Garmire Lana X.
Published: December 2021

We present GranatumX, a next-generation software environment for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data analysis. GranatumX is inspired by the interactive webtool Granatum. GranatumX enables biologists to access the latest scRNA-seq bioinformatics methods in a web-based graphical environment. It also offers software developers the opportunity to rapidly promote their own tools with others in customizable pipelines. The architecture of GranatumX allows for easy inclusion of plugin modules, named Gboxes, which wrap around bioinformatics tools written in various programming languages and on various platforms. GranatumX can be run on the cloud or private servers and generate reproducible results. It is a community-engaging, flexible, and evolving software ecosystem for scRNA-seq analysis, connecting developers with bench scientists. GranatumX is freely accessible at http://garmiregroup.org/granatumx/app.
Characterization of Changes and Driver Microbes in Gut Microbiota During Healthy Aging Using a Captive Monkey Model
Authors: Wei Zhi-Yuan , Rao Jun-Hua , Tang Ming-Tian , Zhao Guo-An , Li Qi-Chun , Wu Li-Ming , Liu Shao-Qiang , Li Bi-Hai , Xiao Bai-Quan , Liu Xing-Yin , Chen Jian-Huan
Published: December 2021

Recent population studies have significantly advanced our understanding of how age shapes the gut microbiota. However, the actual role of age could be inevitably confounded due to the complex and variable environmental factors in human populations. A well-controlled environment is thus necessary to reduce undesirable confounding effects, and recapitulate age-dependent changes in the gut microbiota of healthy primates. Herein we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing, characterized the age-associated gut microbial profiles from infant to elderly crab-eating macaques reared in captivity, and systemically revealed the lifelong dynamic changes of the primate gut microbiota. While the most significant age-associated taxa were mainly found as commensals such as Faecalibacterium, the abundance of a group of suspicious pathogens such as Helicobacter was exclusively increased in infants, underlining their potential role in host development. Importantly, topology analysis indicated that the network connectivity of gut microbiota was even more age-dependent than taxonomic diversity, and its tremendous decline with age could probably be linked to healthy aging. Moreover, we identified key driver microbes responsible for such age-dependent network changes, which were further linked to altered metabolic functions of lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids, as well as phenotypes in the microbial community. The current study thus demonstrates the lifelong age-dependent changes and their driver microbes in the primate gut microbiota, and provides new insights into their roles in the development and healthy aging of their hosts.
The Right to Repair
Authors: Perzanowski Aaron
Published: December 2021

In recent decades, companies around the world have deployed an arsenal of tools-including IP law, hardware design, software restrictions, pricing strategies, and marketing messages-to prevent consumers from fixing the things they own. While this strategy has enriched companies almost beyond measure, it has taken billions of dollars out of the pockets of consumers and imposed massive environmental costs on the planet. In The Right to Repair, Aaron Perzanowski analyzes the history of repair to show how we've arrived at this moment, when a battle over repair is being waged-largely unnoticed-in courtrooms, legislatures, and administrative agencies. With deft, lucid prose, Perzanowski explains the opaque and complex legal landscape that surrounds the right to repair and shows readers how to fight back.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY: RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Agarwala Matthew , Burke Matt , Klusak Patrycja , Mohaddes Kamiar , Volz Ulrich , Zenghelis Dimitri
Published: December 2021

Both the physical and transition-related impacts of climate change pose substantial macroeconomic risks. Yet, markets still lack credible estimates of how climate change will affect debt sustainability, sovereign creditworthiness and the public finances of major economies. We present a taxonomy for tracing the physical and transition impacts of climate change through to impacts on sovereign risk. We then apply the taxonomy to the UK’s potential transition to net zero. Meeting internationally agreed climate targets will require an unprecedented structural transformation of the global economy over the next two or three decades. The changing landscape of risks warrants new risk management and hedging strategies to contain climate risk and minimise the impact of asset stranding and asset devaluation. Yet, conditional on action being taken early, the opportunities from managing a net zero transition would substantially outweigh the costs.
AN INVESTIGATION OF CARBON TAXES AND TERMS OF TRADE IN A LARGE MACROECONOMETRIC MODEL
Authors: Holland Dawn , Hurst Ian , Kara Amit , Liadze Iana
Published: December 2021

Carbon taxes are likely to play a key role in meeting greenhouse gas emission targets that are consistent with the Paris Agreement. In this article, we assess the macroeconomic effects of a carbon tax on the global economy, paying particular attention to the terms-of-trade implications for importers and exporters of fossil fuels. We use a modified version of the National Institute’s Global Econometric Model, NiGEM. In the stylized scenarios, all countries and regions impose a permanent and uniform carbon tax immediately. Our simulations show that demand for fossil fuels falls substantially in response to the tax, global (pre-tax) prices of fossil fuels decline, and the tax can raise substantial revenue for the government. The overall impact on GDP growth and inflation in each country depends on the fossil fuel intensity of output, the net losses/gains in terms of trade and the macroeconomic policy reaction.
INTRODUCTION: SPECIAL ISSUE ON ‘MACROECONOMICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE’
Authors: Holland Dawn , Kucuk Hande , León-Ledesma Miguel
Published: December 2021

Climate change is one of the most serious risks facing humanity. Temperature rises can lead to catastrophic climate and natural events that threaten livelihoods. From rising sea levels to flooding, bush fires, extreme temperatures and droughts, the economic and human cost is too large to ignore. More than 190 world leaders got together in Glasgow during November 2021 at the UN’s COP26 climate change summit to discuss progress on the Paris Agreement (COP21) and to agree on new measures to limit global warming. In Paris, countries agreed to limit global warming to well below 2° and aim for 1.5° as well as to adapt to the impacts of a changing climate and raise the necessary funding to deliver on these aims. However, actions to date were not nearly enough as highlighted by the IPCC (2018) special report. The world is still on track to reach warming above 3° by 2100. As evident from figure 1, global temperatures have been on a steadily increasing path since the start of the 20th century and this process has substantially accelerated since the beginning of the 1980s. This has been unevenly distributed, with temperatures in the Northern hemisphere being a full 1°C higher than for the 1961–1990 average, whilst temperatures in the Southern hemisphere have increased by almost 0.5°C.
APPLICATION OF VIRTUE ETHICS TO HUMAN LIFE AND DEATH
Authors: Neale Anna
Published: December 2021

This article provides a reflection on how Aristotle's virtue ethics can be applied to matters of human life and death.
The Magnetic and Color Reflectance Properties of Hematite: From Earth to Mars
Authors: Jiang Zhaoxia , Liu Qingsong , Roberts Andrew P. , Dekkers Mark J. , Barrón Vidal , Torrent José , Li Sanzhong
Published: December 2021

Hematite is a canted antiferromagnet with reddish color that occurs widely on Earth and Mars. Identification and quantification of hematite is conveniently achieved through its magnetic and color properties. Hematite characteristics and content are indispensable ingredients in studies of the iron cycle, paleoenvironmental evolution, paleogeographic reconstructions, and comparative planetology (e.g., Mars). However, the existing magnetic and color reflectance property framework for hematite is based largely on stoichiometric hematite and tends to neglect the effects of cation substitution, which occurs widely in natural hematite and influences the physical properties of hematite. Thus, magnetic parameters for stoichiometric hematite are insufficient for complete analysis of many natural hematite occurrences and can lead to ambiguous geological interpretations. Remagnetization, which occurs pervasively in red beds, is another ticklish problem involving hematite. Understanding red bed remagnetization requires investigation of hematite's formation and remanence recording mechanisms. We elaborate on the influence of cation substitution on the magnetic and color spectral properties of hematite, and on identifying hematite and quantifying its content in soils and sediments. Studies of remagnetization mechanisms are discussed, and we summarize methods to discriminate between primary and secondary remanences carried by hematite in natural samples to aid primary remanence extraction in partially remagnetized red beds. Although there remain unknown properties and unresolved issues that require future work, recognition of the properties of cation‐substituted hematite and remagnetization mechanisms for hematite will aid identification and interpretation of the magnetic signals that it carries, which is environmentally important and responsible for magnetic signals on Earth and Mars.
Dissecting the dominant hot spring microbial populations based on community-wide sampling at single-cell genomic resolution
Authors: Bowers Robert M , Nayfach Stephen , Schulz Frederik , Jungbluth Sean P , Ruhl Ilona A , Sheremet Andriy , Lee Janey , Goudeau Danielle , Eloe-Fadrosh Emiley A , Stepanauskas Ramunas , Malmstrom Rex R , Kyrpides Nikos C , Dunfield Peter F , Woyke Tanja
Published: December 2021

With advances in DNA sequencing and miniaturized molecular biology workflows, rapid and affordable sequencing of single-cell genomes has become a reality. Compared to 16S rRNA gene surveys and shotgun metagenomics, large-scale application of single-cell genomics to whole microbial communities provides an integrated snapshot of community composition and function, directly links mobile elements to their hosts, and enables analysis of population heterogeneity of the dominant community members. To that end, we sequenced nearly 500 single-cell genomes from a low diversity hot spring sediment sample from Dewar Creek, British Columbia, and compared this approach to 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomics applied to the same sample. We found that the broad taxonomic profiles were similar across the three sequencing approaches, though several lineages were missing from the 16S rRNA gene amplicon dataset, likely the result of primer mismatches. At the functional level, we detected a large array of mobile genetic elements present in the single-cell genomes but absent from the corresponding same species metagenome-assembled genomes. Moreover, we performed a single-cell population genomic analysis of the three most abundant community members, revealing differences in population structure based on mutation and recombination profiles. While the average pairwise nucleotide identities were similar across the dominant species-level lineages, we observed differences in the extent of recombination between these dominant populations. Most intriguingly, the creek’s Hydrogenobacter sp. population appeared to be so recombinogenic that it more closely resembled a sexual species than a clonally evolving microbe. Together, this work demonstrates that a randomized single-cell approach can be useful for the exploration of previously uncultivated microbes from community composition to population structure.
Lineage recording in human cerebral organoids
Authors: He Zhisong , Maynard Ashley , Jain Akanksha , Gerber Tobias , Petri Rebecca , Lin Hsiu-Chuan , Santel Malgorzata , Ly Kevin , Dupré Jean-Samuel , Sidow Leila , Sanchis Calleja Fatima , Jansen Sophie M. J. , Riesenberg Stephan , Camp J. Gray , Treutlein Barbara
Published: December 2021

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived organoids provide models to study human organ development. Single-cell transcriptomics enable highly resolved descriptions of cell states within these systems; however, approaches are needed to directly measure lineage relationships. Here we establish iTracer, a lineage recorder that combines reporter barcodes with inducible CRISPR–Cas9 scarring and is compatible with single-cell and spatial transcriptomics. We apply iTracer to explore clonality and lineage dynamics during cerebral organoid development and identify a time window of fate restriction as well as variation in neurogenic dynamics between progenitor neuron families. We also establish long-term four-dimensional light-sheet microscopy for spatial lineage recording in cerebral organoids and confirm regional clonality in the developing neuroepithelium. We incorporate gene perturbation (iTracer-perturb) and assess the effect of mosaic TSC2 mutations on cerebral organoid development. Our data shed light on how lineages and fates are established during cerebral organoid formation. More broadly, our techniques can be adapted in any iPSC-derived culture system to dissect lineage alterations during normal or perturbed development.
Exploring bycatch diversity of organisms in whole genome sequencing of Erebidae moths (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Ghanavi Hamid Reza , Twort Victoria G. , Duplouy Anne
Published: December 2021

Models estimate that up to 80% of all butterfly and moth species host vertically transmitted endosymbiotic microorganisms, which can affect the host fitness, metabolism, reproduction, population dynamics, and genetic diversity, among others. The supporting empirical data are however currently highly biased towards the generally more colourful butterflies, and include less information about moths. Additionally, studies of symbiotic partners of Lepidoptera predominantly focus on the common bacterium Wolbachia pipientis, while infections by other inherited microbial partners have more rarely been investigated. Here, we mine the whole genome sequence data of 47 species of Erebidae moths, with the aims to both inform on the diversity of symbionts potentially associated with this Lepidoptera group, and discuss the potential of metagenomic approaches to inform on host associated microbiome diversity. Based on the result of Kraken2 and MetaPhlAn2 analyses, we found clear evidence of the presence of Wolbachia in four species. Our result also suggests the presence of three other bacterial symbionts (Burkholderia spp., Sodalis spp. and Arsenophonus spp.) in three other moth species. Additionally, we recovered genomic material from bracovirus in about half of our samples. The detection of the latter, usually found in mutualistic association to braconid parasitoid wasps, may inform on host-parasite interactions that take place in the natural habitat of the Erebidae moths, suggesting either contamination with material from species of the host community network, or horizontal transfer of members of the microbiome between interacting species.
High diversity of small insectivorous mammals on Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and first description of karyotype for four endemics of China
Authors: Pavlova Svetlana V. , Lebedev Vladimir S. , Yakushov Vasily D. , Zhu Yongke , Fang Yun , Sun Yue-Hua , Sheftel Boris I.
Published: December 2021

Among seven species of the order Eulipotyphla (from southern Gansu and northern Sichuan Provinces, Central China) studied cytogenetically, karyotypes of one talpid species, Uropsilus aff. soricipes (2n = 36, NFa = 54), and three soricid species, Chodsigoa hypsibia (2n = 65, NFa = 66), Sorex cansulus (2n = 42, NFa = 64) and Sorex thibetanus (2n = 42, NFa = 60), are described cytogenetically for the first time. All four species are endemic to China with distribution ranges restricted to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and adjacent mountain ranges. The Ch. hypsibia karyotype consists of mostly acrocentric autosomes and one metacentric pair of autosomes; besides, a B chromosome was identified. No polymorphism was detected among karyotypes of other species, including shrews Sorex bedfordiae (2n = 26, NFa = 44), Anourosorex squamipes (2n = 48, NFa = 92) and Crocidura suaveolens (2n = 40, NFa = 44). The Chinese shrew mole U. aff. soricipes and three shrew species (S. bedfordiae, Ch. hypsibia and A. squamipes) represent autochthonous fauna of Central/Western China, whereas S. thibetanus, S. cansulus and C. suaveolens belong to phylogenetic groups occurring mostly to the north and west from China; therefore, they should be considered relatively recent colonisers. Thus, considering the relationships of the species within phylogenetic groups, our results on karyotypes are in good agreement with molecular genetic data.
XPS and structural studies of Fe3O4-PTMS-NAS@Cu as a novel magnetic natural asphalt base network and recoverable nanocatalyst for the synthesis of biaryl compounds
Authors: Kohzadi Homa , Soleiman-Beigi Mohammad
Published: December 2021

In this research, natural asphalt as a mineral carbonuous material was converted to sodium natural asphalt sulfonate (Na-NAS) and, then, was linked to Fe3O4 MNPs in order to synthesize the magnetic nanocatalyst. Afterwards, Cupper (I) and Cu (II) was grafted on Fe3O4-PTMS-NAS. Moreover, it is worth mentioning that the synthesized the novel magnetic nanocatalyst (Fe3O4-PTMS-NAS@Cu) was successfully used in Suzuki and Stille coupling reactions. The Fe3O4-PTMS-NAS@Cu MNPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), BET and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Besides, sulfonation of natural asphalt, magnetization of catalyst, grafting of Cu (I) and Cu (II) to NAS and catalyst formation were investigated and proved carefully. This nanocatalyst can be comfortably separated from the reaction medium through an external magnetic field and can also be recovered and reused, while maintaining its catalytic activity.
A rapid and affordable point of care test for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 based on hemagglutination and artificial intelligence interpretation
Authors: Redecke Vanessa , Tawaratsumida Kazuki , Larragoite Erin T. , Williams Elizabeth S. C. P. , Planelles Vicente , Spivak Adam M. , Hirayama Lincoln , Elgort Marc , Swenson Shane , Smith Rick , Worthen Bryan , Zimmerman Russ , Slev Patricia , Cahoon Ben , Astill Mark , Häcker Hans
Published: December 2021

Diagnostic tests that detect antibodies (AB) against SARS-CoV-2 for evaluation of seroprevalence and guidance of health care measures are important tools for managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Current tests have certain limitations with regard to turnaround time, costs and availability, particularly in point-of-care (POC) settings. We established a hemagglutination-based AB test that is based on bi-specific proteins which contain a dromedary-derived antibody (nanobody) binding red blood cells (RBD) and a SARS-CoV-2-derived antigen, such as the receptor-binding domain of the Spike protein (Spike-RBD). While the nanobody mediates swift binding to RBC, the antigen moiety directs instantaneous, visually apparent hemagglutination in the presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific AB generated in COVID-19 patients or vaccinated individuals. Method comparison studies with assays cleared by emergency use authorization demonstrate high specificity and sensitivity. To further increase objectivity of test interpretation, we developed an image analysis tool based on digital image acquisition (via a cell phone) and a machine learning algorithm based on defined sample-training and -validation datasets. Preliminary data, including a small clinical study, provides proof of principle for test performance in a POC setting. Together, the data support the interpretation that this AB test format, which we refer to as ‘NanoSpot.ai’, is suitable for POC testing, can be manufactured at very low costs and, based on its generic mode of action, can likely be adapted to a variety of other pathogens.
Flight attendant occupational nutrition and lifestyle factors associated with COVID-19 incidence
Authors: Yamamoto Jessica J. , Brandley Elizabeth T. , Ulrich Trina C.
Published: December 2021

In the era of COVID-19, essential workers are plagued with unforeseen and obfuscated challenges. Flight attendants are a unique subgroup of essential workers who face a multitude of health risks attributed to occupational exposures that are accentuated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Such risks can be ameliorated with strategies that target factors which enhance COVID-19 risk, including modifiable factors of diet and lifestyle. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to detect occupational dietary and lifestyle factors which could increase COVID-19 incidence amongst flight attendants. To identify potential risk factors, a questionnaire was administered to eighty-four flight attendants and examined the participants’ diet and lifestyle, and COVID-19 incidence. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression indicated that the participants’ perceived dietary quality at work (p = 0.003), sleep disruptions which impacted their consumption of a healthy diet (p = 0.013), job tenure (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46:0.98) and frequency of reported cold/flu (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.014–2.189) were all factors associated with confirmed/suspected COVID-19 incidence. This study also revealed that a lack of infrastructure for food storage and time limitations are considerable occupational barriers for flight attendants to consume healthy foods. Additional investigation can further elucidate these relationships and related solutions to mitigate COVID-19 risk in the future.
Switchable wetting of oxygen-evolving oxide catalysts
Authors: Shen Tzu-Hsien , Spillane Liam , Peng Jiayu , Shao-Horn Yang , Tileli Vasiliki
Published: December 2021

The surface wettability of catalysts is typically controlled via surface treatments that promote catalytic performance. Here we report on potential-regulated hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity at cobalt-based oxide interfaces with an alkaline solution. The switchable wetting of single particles, directly related to their activity and stability towards the oxygen evolution reaction, was revealed by electrochemical liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy. Analysis of the movement of the liquid in real time revealed distinctive wettability behaviour associated with specific potential ranges. At low potentials, an overall reduction of the hydrophobicity of the oxides was probed. Upon reversible reconstruction towards the surface oxyhydroxide phase, electrowetting was found to cause a change in the interfacial capacitance. At high potentials, the evolution of molecular oxygen, confirmed by operando electron energy-loss spectroscopy, was accompanied by a globally thinner liquid layer. This work directly links the physical wetting with the chemical oxygen evolution reaction of single particles, providing fundamental insights into solid–liquid interfacial interactions of oxygen-evolving oxides.
Ascorbic acid functionalized anti-aggregated Au nanoparticles for ultrafast MEF and SERS detection of tartrazine: an ultra-wide piecewise linear range study
Authors: Li Mengru , Li Ran , Han Bo , Ma Haojie , Hou Xueyan , Kang Yulong , Zhang Yuqi , Wang Ji-Jiang
Published: December 2021

The enhancement mechanism of MEF and SERS.
Acetylene storage performance of [Ni(4,4′-bipyridine)2(NCS)2]n, a switching square lattice coordination network
Authors: Wang Shi-Qiang , Darwish Shaza , Meng Xiao-Qing , Chang Ze , Bu Xian-He , Zaworotko Michael J.
Published: December 2021

The coordination network sql-1-Ni-NCS exhibits benchmark working capacity for acetylene storage at practically relevant conditions of temperature and pressure.
Synthesis and electrocatalytic performance of ultrathin noble metal nanosheets
Authors: Zhu Daolong , Zhao Haidong , Wang Bin , Yang Shengchun
Published: December 2021

The research progress in the synthesis, structural characterization, and catalytic performance of ultrathin two-dimensional noble metal sheet nanostructures reported in the past decade is summarized.
Selective decomposition of hydrazine over metal free carbonaceous materials
Authors: Barlocco Ilaria , Bellomi Silvio , Tumiati Simone , Fumagalli Patrizia , Dimitratos Nikolaos , Roldan Alberto , Villa Alberto
Published: December 2021

A single vacancy defect was found as the active site in the selective hydrazine decomposition reaction, producing 89% of hydrogen.
Assessing the functional groups in activated carbons through a multi-technique approach
Authors: Vottero Eleonora , Carosso Michele , Pellegrini Riccardo , Piovano Andrea , Groppo Elena
Published: December 2021

Identification and quantification of functional groups in activated carbons by means of a multi-technique approach.
Selective oxygenation of C–H and CC bonds with H2O2 by high-spin cobalt(ii)-carboxylate complexes
Authors: Ghosh Ivy , Chakraborty Biswarup , Bera Abhijit , Paul Satadal , Paine Tapan Kanti
Published: December 2021

Cobalt(ii)–carboxylate complexes of the 6-Me3-TPA ligand in combination with hydrogen peroxide perform the oxygenation of aliphatic C–H bonds of alkanes and epoxidation of alkenes with high chemo- and stereo-selectivity. A metal-based oxidant is proposed as the active oxidant.
Turbidity informed real-time control of a dry extended detention basin: a case study
Authors: Akin Aaron A. , Hathaway Jon M. , Khojandi Anahita
Published: December 2021

This research investigated the impact and use of real-time water quality data in a dry extended detention basin retrofitted with a controllable valve and a turbidity sensor with the goal of more consistently meeting water quality objectives.
Sulfated Chinese yam polysaccharide enhances the immunomodulatory activity of RAW 264.7 cells via the TLR4-MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Xuan , Chen Xianxiang , Xie Liuming , Xie Jianhua , Shen Mingyue
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties and effects of sulfated Chinese yam polysaccharide on the TLR4-mediated MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 cells.
Engineering chiral plasmonic nanostructures for gain-assisted plasmon amplification and tunable enhancement of circular dichroism
Authors: Yadav Vikas , Siddhanta Soumik
Published: December 2021

We have demonstrated that the SPASER configuration can provide giant chiroptical enhancements in plasmonic nano assemblies within the lasing threshold which can be harnessed for highly efficient chiral sensing or imaging of complex biological environments.
All-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals: next-generation scintillation materials for high-resolution X-ray imaging
Authors: Lu Lu , Sun Mingzi , Wu Tong , Lu Qiuyang , Chen Baian , Huang Bolong
Published: December 2021

This review summarizes the recent research progress in all-inorganic perovskite nano-scintillators in terms of their potential applications in X-ray imaging and provides references on scintillation performance control for future material design.
New N-(3′-acetyl-8-nitro-2,3-dihydro-1H,3′H-spiro[quinoline-4,2′-[1,3,4]thiadiazol]-5′-yl) acetamides induced cell death in MCF-7 cells via G2/M phase cell cycle arrest
Authors: Shyamsivappan Selvaraj , Vivek Raju , Suresh Thangaraj , Naveen Palanivel , Kaviyarasu Adhigaman , Amsaveni Sundarasamy , Athimoolam Shunmuganarayanan , Mohan Palathurai Subramaniam
Published: December 2021

A series of new N-(3′-acetyl-8-nitro-2,3-dihydro-1H,3′H-spiro[quinoline-4,2′-[1,3,4]thiadiazol]-5′-yl) acetamide derivatives were synthesized from potent 8-nitroquinoline-thiosemicarbazones.