bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COBALT‐INDUCED HYPOTHYROIDISM AND POLYCYTHEMIA IN LIPOID NEPHROSIS
Authors: Sederholm T. , Kouvalainen K. , Lamberg B.‐A.
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old boy, who had been suffering from genuine lipoid nephrosis from the age of 61/2years, received thiosemicarbazone for three weeks. During this therapy severe anemia developed. The anemia was treated with cobaltous chloride. During the fourth month of therapy the child developed very severe hypothyroidism. There was considerable enlargement of the thyroid gland along with moderate polycythemia. These events are thought to be due to the cobalt therapy.
CRYSTALLINE DIHYDROTACHYSTEROL (DYGRATYL®) IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPOPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: Dymling John‐Fredrik , Ryd Hans
Published: August 2010

Abstract Crystalline dihydrotachysterol has been used in the treatment of 26 patients with postoperative hypoparathyroidism. The clinical experience has been favourable. Dihydrotachysterol has advantages compared to calciferol, being faster in onset and fall‐off of its effect, and can be given in an exact dosage. Hypercalciuria seems to be common, and urinary excretion of calcium should be determined regularly, as well as serum calcium.
AUTONOMIC BLOCKING DRUGS ON CIRCULATORY ADAPTATIONS AT REST AND DURING EXERCISE IN MAN
Authors: Schröder G.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Oral doses of Pronethalol and Poldine were given to six subjects as blocking drugs for not less than one week. A hemodynamic study was then repeated 1–3 hours after the last dose. Heart rate, intra‐arterial pressures, right atrial pressure, cardiac output, pulmonary ventilation, oxygen consumption and respiratory exchange ratio were measured with the subject at rest, in a recumbent and a sitting position, and during exercise sitting on a bicycle ergometer. The mean values at rest were unchanged during blockade, but the reactions of the variables when the patient was sitting up, were changed for systolic and diastolic pressure, oxygen consumption and arteriovenous oxygen difference. The responses of heart rate and arteriovenous oxygen difference, when the subjects changed from the recumbent to the seated position, had lower variabilities during treatment. The left ventricular work and stroke work in the seated position had also lower variabilities during treatment than before. During exercise, the mean values for heart rate, arterial pressures, pulmonary ventilation and oxygen consumption were lower during blockade. The variabilities of cardiac output, stroke volume, left ventricular work and stroke work and arteriovenous oxygen difference were also lower. The changes in mean values from rest to exercise were reduced, during treatment, for heart rate, arterial pressures, left ventricular work, pulmonary ventilation and oxygen consumption; and the variability of reaction during treatment was higher for right atrial pressure, but lower for left ventricular work. Similar studies which were made in each case with Pronethalol and Poldine, respectively, indicated that the present blockade was essentially additive. Thus, the most obvious effects were produced by Pronethalol, but many of the “orthostatic reactions” were influenced by Poldine. The exercise adaptation was well maintained during the present autonomic blockade.
LACTIC ACID ACCUMULATION IN CONNECTION WITH FRUCTOSE INFUSION
Authors: Bergström Jonas , Hultman Eric , Roch‐Norlund Aasmund E.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Infusion of fructose in healthy experimental subjects and in patients with diabetes mellitus is found to cause an increase in the blood concentration of lactate that is in relation to the rate of infusion. At an infusion rate of 1 g/kg BW/h or above, the lactate concentration rises by 5 mEq/1 or more. In healthy subjects infusion is generally associated with a relatively inappreciable rise in arterial glucose concentration. In diabetic patients, on the other hand, the rise is pronounced. Clinically significant acidosis is found to be exacerbated by rapid fructose infusion. It is therefore emphasized that this form of treatment is contraindicated in acidotic states. Administration of fructose has no beneficial effect on the metabolism in insulin‐requiring diabetic patients whose insulin has been temporarily discontinued. On the contrary, it exacerbates their acidosis and produces a considerable rise in blood sugar.
CORTICOSTEROIDOGENIC EFFECT OF LONG‐ACTING BETA1–24CORTICOTROPHIN (CIBA 42.915 BA)
Authors: Asfeldt V. H.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Synthetic beta1–24 corticotrophin, synthesized by Kappeler and Schwyzer, has been modified by the manufacturers by adsorbing it onto zinc phosphate. The adrenal cortex action of this preparation has been evaluated in eight non‐endocrine patients. A prolonged corticosteroidogenic effect is found as reflected by the increase of plasma corticosteroids (cortisol + corticosterone) and urinary 17‐ketogenic steroids. One mg of the modified beta1–24 corticotrophin (Ciba 42.915 Ba) injected i.m. maintained significantly elevated plasma corticosteroids for at least 36 hours.
MASTOCYTOSIS TREATED WITH L‐HYOSCYAMINE (EGAZIL®)
Authors: Berg B. , Wetterqvist H. , White T.
Published: August 2010

Abstract A case of a 38‐year‐old woman with a mastocytosis syndrome is presented. The urinary excretion of histamine, methylhistamine and 1‐methyl‐4‐imidazole acetic acid was considerably higher than normally. Treatment with l‐hyoscyamine sulphate abolished gastritis, diarrhoea and pressure‐induced pain, and reduced dermographism and itching. However, there was no effect on the abnormal urinary histamine excretion.
COMPARISON OF RUBELLA HAEMAGGLUTINATION‐INHIBITING AND NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY CURVES IN NATURAL INFECTION
Authors: Leerhøy Jørgen
Published: August 2010

Abstract Considerable differences are shown in rubella haemagglutination‐inhibiting and neutralizing antibody curves. A rapid development of the haemagglutination‐inhibiting antibody to maximal titres is found within the first months of illness, while the neutralizing antibody reaches maximum as late as 6 to 15 months after infection. Both types of antibody persist at least 3½ years. With respect to serodiagnosis of rubella, the importance of obtaining the first serum sample as soon as possible after the appearance of rash is emphasized, regardless of the type of antibody sought.
HYDROXOCOBALAMIN
Authors: Killander Andreas , Werner Ivar
Published: August 2010

Abstract The retention of hydroxocobalamin was found to be approximately the same after each of four 48‐hourly injections of 1 mg of hydroxocobalamin in untreated pernicious anaemia. After four such injections a maximum of 2–3 mg of the vitamin is retained, corresponding to approximately 50% of the normal stores.
DISINFECTION OF THE HANDS OF WARD PERSONNEL
Authors: Bruun J. N. , Bøe Johs. , Solberg C. O.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Six preparations for hand disinfection have been compared, five hexachlorophene detergents and one quaternary ammonium compound. In preliminary experiments one of the hexachlorophene preparations and the quaternary ammonium compound were excluded from further investigations because of heavy skin‐irritating properties and poor antibacterial effect. The remaining four hexachlorophene preparations were compared using a Latin square design. Three of the preparations gave a 93.5–97.5 per cent reduction of the resident hand flora, the fourth disinfectant being significantly less effective. One of the three preparations caused greater reduction in bacterial hand flora than the other disinfectants, which on the other hand have less side‐effects. Altogether the differences between the three superior preparations were small, and the cost may therefore partly decide which is to be chosen. During treatment with hexachlorophene preparations the frequency of Staph. aureus isolations was greatly reduced, but there seemed to be no influence on gram negative organisms.
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Åberg Hans
Published: August 2010

Abstract The hospital records of 463 patients with atrial fibrillation occurring over a 10‐year period at the Philadelphia General Hospital have been reviewed. The different etiologic factors have been determined, as well as some sexual and racial proportions. Criteria of the different groupings are explained, and some associated ECG‐findings reported.

Arteriosclerotic and hypertensive heart diseases are responsible for atrial fibrillation in this study in almost 65% of the cases.

The incidence of embolic episodes in the different etiologic groups is also compared. For the entire series the percentage was 17.9.
THE EFFECTS OF SOME OVULATION INHIBITORS ON THE DIFFERENT PLASMA LIPID FRACTIONS
Authors: Brody Sam , Kerstell Jüri , Nilsson Lennart , Svanborg Alvar
Published: August 2010

Abstract A comparison has been made of the effects of three different combined oral contraceptives (Ovulen, Anovlar, and Volidan) on the plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and total and individual phospholipids. The results indicate a difference in action between Anovlar on the one hand and of Ovulen and Volidan on the other.

In three oophorectomized women the effects of one of the estrogenic and two of the progestogenic components of the combined preparations were studied separately. The drugs were given singly or in combinations and it was found that the two progestogens produced different effects as judged from the parameters studied. Norethisterone acetate influenced the plasma lipids in a direction opposite to that induced by the estrogen.

These findings suggest that the overall effects on the plasma lipids induced by the various combined oral contraceptives reflect the competitional effects of the estrogenic and progestogenic components.
COUNTING OF CELLS IN URINE
Authors: Gadeholt Hermod
Published: August 2010

Abstract Counting of blood cells in urine is most accurately performed by means of a haemocytometer. The errors of the method are related to technique, observer inaccuracy and uneven distribution of cells in the haemocytometer.

Leucocytes and non‐squamous epithelial cells in urine, when present in small numbers, have been shown to be distributed in the haemocytometer approximately according to a Poisson distribution. When leucocytes are present in large numbers “mucus” and clumping of cells may interfere with the random distribution.

In quantitative estimation of cells in urine the common practice is to count the cells on a certain number of squares and to express the results as the number of cells per unit volume of urine (mm3, ml), or by the excretion rate (number of cells excreted per minute, hour, 12 or 24 hours). The standard error of this estimate, expressed by the confidence interval, must be based on the number of cells counted, and not on this number multiplied by a factor.

It is assumed that the simplest and most convenient method of quantitative estimation of cells in urine is to count the cells in 1 mm3 of uncentrifuged urine. When the number of cells per unit volume is low, the confidence limits for the true number of cells per volume urine in a Poisson distribution may be obtained from statistical tables. When the number of cells is larger than about 40 per mm3, an estimate of the standard error of the count of a single sample cannot be obtained, since the distribution may not be random. In routine work information of sufficient accuracy may be achieved by examination of a convenient volume containing 50–100 cells, the number of cells per mm3 being calculated on the basis of this count.
PERSISTENCE OF BLOOD CELLS IN URINE
Authors: Gadeholt Hermod
Published: August 2010

Abstract In clinical work the stability of blood cells in urine is a point of practical importance. Provided bacterial contamination can be avoided, erythrocytes and leucocytes are well preserved in acidic urine of a specific gravity higher than 1.008‐1.011 for at least 24 hours. Whether sterile specimens are kept at room temperature, in a refrigerator, or at 37°C seems unimportant.

In alkaline urines, the degree of lysis increases with increasing alkalinity and the duration of time of exposure. Leucocytes are especially susceptible to cytolysis in alkaline environments.

If bacterial contamination is present, unreliable results are obtained.

A comparative study of the number of erythrocytes and leucocytes excreted in overnight specimens and in specimens collected during 2 hours in the morning, estimated per mm3, and expressed as excretion rates, revealed differences which can probably be accounted for mainly by the random variability of haemocytometer counts.
LATENCY TIME, MAXIMAL AMPLITUDE AND ELECTROMYOGRAPHY IN DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: Gregersen G.
Published: August 2010

Abstract The results are given of a study of three motor components in a selected material of young and elderly diabetics and a control group: 1. the latency time ankle‐extensor dig. brevis muscle by stimulation of the peroneal nerve; 2. electromyographic findings in the extensor dig. brevis muscle; and 3. the maximal amplitude of the extensor dig. brevis muscle and the anterior tibial muscle by stimulation of the peroneal nerve.

Signs were found of a rapidly appearing motor neuropathy (most pronounced in the younger age group in which the beginning of the diabetes is well defined) together with a further degeneration with increasing duration of the diabetes. It was impossible to demonstrate any connection with the metabolic control.

The development pattern demonstrated corresponds to that shown in a previous study in which the motor conduction velocity was used as parameter for the motor function.

Some of the results obtained suggest that the nerves of the younger diabetics have a greater ability to regenerate than those of the older patients.
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN MIDDLE‐AGED ADULTS
Authors: Rokseth Rolf
Published: August 2010

Abstract A clinical and haemodynamic survey is given of 112 patients above the age of 40 years with congenital heart diseases studied at a Cardiological Centre in Norway from 1960 to 1965. Atrial septal defect was found in 61, ventricular septal defect in nine, patent ductus arteriosus in 16, pulmonic stenosis in 14, coarctation of the aorta in 11 and Ebstein's anomaly of triscuspid valves in one patient. The sex distribution was on the whole similar to that of younger groups.

The above diagnoses should be kept in mind when dealing with middle‐aged heart patients. Twenty subjects had been previously treated under erroneous diagnoses, notably rheumatic, pulmonary or coronary heart diseases. The reasons were most often the finding of an apical diastolic murmur in patients with left‐to‐right shunt, a history of typical angina pectoris which occurred in 11 patients, or the presence of atrial fibrillation which altered the auscultatory signs, e.g. in atrial septal defect.

Even if routine health control had led to the diagnosis in many cases there was a high incidence of troublesome symptoms, pulmonary hypertension and other complications. A comparison of younger and older adults showed a definite worsening of symptoms and complications in the latter group.

Surgical treatment was carried out in 73 patients, 25 of whom had arrhythmia or failure before the operation. Six died in the postoperative period, but most patients showed definite improvement.
THE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN SERUM OF NORWEGIAN VEGETARIANS
Authors: Kirkeby K. , Bjerkedal Inger
Published: August 2010

Abstract The fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters, triglycerides, and phospholipids was determined in healthy vegetarian and non‐vegetarian men 40 to 70 years of age.

Statistically significant differences were demonstrated, with high linoleic and low oleic and palmitoleic acid percentages in the vegetarian group in all lipid fractions. Differences in palmitic and stearic acid were less consistent, but tended to follow those in oleic and palmitoleic acid. The differences were more marked in the cholesterol esters and the triglycerides than they were in the phospholipid fraction. No differences in arachidonic acid values were observed.

A dietary survey performed in the vegetarian group 6 to 12 months prior to the study revealed high intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It is concluded that the study of fatty acid composition in serum lipids has given an indirect confirmation of the findings regarding fat intake in the dietary survey. In the vegetarian group statistically significant coefficients of correlation were demonstrated between the dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids in per cent of calories and the percentages of linoleic acid in the cholesterol esters and triglycerides of serum.

When absolute values rather than percentage composition were considered, it was evident that the main differences between the two groups were those of higher concentrations of some monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids in the control group, while the concentration of linoleic acid appeared similar in the two groups. The combined effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on the fatty acid composition and on the serum lipid levels offers a reasonable explanation for this finding.
RENAL URATE DEPOSITS IN CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: östberg Yngve
Published: August 2010

Abstract Report of two cases of hyperuricaemia secondary to chronic renal insufficiency with tophi in the kidneys. Actual hyperuricaemic factors in connection with long uraemic conditions are discussed. The risk of secondary hyperuricaemia accentuating the renal damage is stressed.
INTRACARDIAC PHONOCARDIOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF SMALL PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS WITH ATYPICAL MURMUR
Authors: Wennevold Alf
Published: August 2010

Abstract The diagnosis of a small patent ductus arteriosus with minimal left‐to‐right shunt is made when the continuous murmur is recorded in the pulmonary artery by intracardiac phonocardiography during a simple right heart catheterization.

The diagnosis was established in one patient, in whom the patent ductus was the only lesion, and in four patients with additional defects. In none of the patients was the typical continuous murmur present at external auscultation; two of the patients had only a systolic external murmur.
THE FREQUENCY OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN PATIENTS WITH HEART DISEASE TREATED WITH ORAL DIURETICS
Authors: Kutti Jack , Weinfeld Aleksander
Published: August 2010

Abstract The occurrence of asymptomatic thrombocytopenia in patients with heart disease during treatment with oral diuretics has been investigated. The study is retrospective and comprises an analysis of 244 consecutive cases admitted to a cardiological ward during a period of six months. A platelet count below 100 times 103/mm3 was regarded as indicative of thrombocytopenia. In the control group (93 subjects) four cases and in the diuretic group (71 subjects) 19 cases with thrombocytopenia were found. Of the remaining 80 subjects seven had thrombocytopenia, six of whom had had oral diuretics.

Concomitant administration of other drugs such as quinidine or digitoxin could not account for the difference between the control group and the group treated with oral diuretics. In the diuretic group right heart failure and enlargement of the heart was, however, more prevalent. It is concluded that in patients with heart failure there is a considerable risk of the development of thrombocytopenia during treatment with oral diuretics.
PULMONARY FUNCTION IN FORMER ENDURANCE ATHLETES
Authors: Pyörälä K. , Heinonen A. O. , Karvonen M. J.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Pulmonary function was studied in 57 former champion endurance runners or cross‐country skiers. A control group of 53 non‐athletes of the same age was submitted to a similar study. Although the results of various pulmonary function tests in the total groups were also compared, the main emphasis was laid upon the comparison of pulmonary function in 28 “healthy” controls and 37 “healthy” athletes who were free from detectable cardiovascular, respiratory or other significant disease.

The former athletes differed from the control subjects by having a larger vital capacity (VC) and total lung capacity (TLC). Residual volume (RV) and functional residual capacity (FRC), as well as RV/TLC × 100 and FRC/TLC × 100, were slightly but significantly greater in athletes than in controls.

Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVVF) tended to be greater in athletes than in control subjects. Forced expiratory volume in 1.5 sec as a percentage of VC (FEV%) was approximately similar in controls and athletes.

Pulmonary diffusing capacity (DL,CO) at rest was markedly greater in athletes than in control subjects.

MVVF showed a significant negative correlation to age in healthy controls and athletes. Although the values for MVVF tended to be higher in athletes than in controls, the difference in the level of the regression lines to age was not significant and the slopes of the regression lines in the two groups did not differ significantly. FEV% was negatively correlated to age in healthy athletes but not in control subjects. A significant negative correlation was also observed between DL,CO and age in healthy athletes but not in controls.

DL,CO showed a significant positive correlation to VC in healthy control subjects, and in healthy athletes the correlation between these two parameters almost reached statistical significance. In athletes a significant positive correlation was observed between DL,CO at rest and maximum oxygen uptake predicted on the basis of heart rate response to a submaximal work load. In control subjects the correlation between DL,CO and maximum oxygen uptake was not statistically significant. MVVF also showed a significant positive correlation to maximum oxygen uptake in athletes but not in control subjects.
COMPLIANCE IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors: Bäcklund Lars , Irnell Lars
Published: August 2010

Abstract In a series of patients with bronchial asthma, studied in free intervals, the lung compliance was determined both on quiet, spontaneous respiration and on respiration at a frequency of 40 per minute. The effect of bronchodilatation (inhalation of isopropyl noradrenaline sulphate) on compliance was also studied.

The compliance values on quiet respiration were distributed both within and outside (mainly below) the limits previously reported as normal. Hyperventilation caused a reduction of lung compliance. Bronchodilatation gave an increase of compliance both on spontaneous respiration and on hyperventilation.

Correlation calculations were performed in order to study the relationship between compliance and certain case‐history data or the results of different lung function tests.
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION
Authors: Hansen Jacob
Published: August 2010

Abstract Eleven patients with essential hypertension were treated with hydrochlorothiazide/KCl for three months. A significant fall in total blood volume, exchangeable sodium and blood pressure could be demonstrated both after one to two weeks and after three months of treatment, while a fall in serum sodium and body weight was only significant after one to two weeks of treatment. Thus, hypovolemia may, perhaps, be the explanation for the antipressor effect of thiazide even after three months of treatment.
ALPHA‐METHYL‐DOPA (ALDOMET®) IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION
Authors: Hansen Jacob
Published: August 2010

AbstractBlood volume, exchangeable sodium, body weight and blood pressure were studied in ten hypertensive patients after 14 days of therapy with alpha‐methyl‐dopa (Aldomet®). There was a significant increase in blood volume and a significant decrease in blood pressure. Changes in exchangeable sodium and body weight were small and non‐significant. One patient, however, developed cardiac pulmonary edema after one week of therapy.
EFFECT OF RAPID DISTENSION OF LARGE ARTERIES AND VEINS ON THE VASCULAR TONE OF THE FINGERS
Authors: Heyman Folke , Ahlberg Nils‐Erik
Published: August 2010

Abstract 1. Finger plethysmograms were recorded in patients catheterized for diagnostic purposes. 2. They disclosed a rapidly occurring and passing volume increase of the finger in connection with rapid flushing with saline or movements of the catheter against the vascular wall. 3. Arterial pulse curves from the arm, recorded intra‐ or extra‐arterially, showed no effects on the blood pressure from the flushings or catheter manipulations. 4. The response was also obtained peripheral to an obstruction of the circulation in the arm. 5. The reaction is proposed to be due to a reflex produced by stimulating stretch receptors in the vascular system. 6. The reaction was obtained not only when stimulating known reflexogenic areas but also when stimulating other large central arteries and veins.
FAMILIAL OCCURRENCE OF M‐COMPONENTS
Authors: Berlin Sven‐Olof , Odeberg Håkan , Weingart Lothar
Published: August 2010

AbstractTwo families with multiple occurrence of M‐components are reported. In one family a mother and her son had M‐components. The latter had myeloma with γGK and γAK M‐components, the mother had a probable myeloma with γGK M‐component. Investigation of eight close relatives revealed no further M‐component. In another family three siblings had M‐components. A sister had a myeloma with exclusively light chain (Bence‐Jones) myeloma protein while two brothers had asymtomatic γGK M‐components and Bence‐Jones proteinuria respectively (the Bence‐Jones proteins in both cases were of type lambda). The significance of genetic factors in these familial cases is discussed in relation to the known figures of the frequency of M‐components and myeloma in Swedish populations.
CLINICAL AND METABOLIC EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF PROSTAGLANDIN E1 IN MAN
Authors: Carlson Lars A. , Ekelund Lars‐Göran , Orö Lars
Published: August 2010

Abstract Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was infused intravenously into eight healthy male subjects. The dose was successively increased to the maximal tolerable dose and varied from 0.032 to 0.58 μg/kg/min. When the lower doses were given there were either no clinical effects or only a flushing of the face. When the dose was increased the flushing generally became more intensive and extended to other parts of the body, mainly the arms and hands. In some of the subjects the flushing diminished and even changed to pallor with the highest doses of PGE1. All subjects complained of headache which usually became severe. In one of them the headache was unilateral and accompanied by visual symptoms. All subjects developed cramps in the upper part of the abdomen, which generally became so severe that the administration of PGE1 had to be stopped. Several of the subjects also felt sore in other parts of the body such as the back and legs. The various symptoms disappeared within 15–30 min after the end of the infusion.

The arterial levels of free fatty acids in blood plasma increased in all subjects. In several subjects the rise was discontinuous and in two of them a decrease in the level of FFA was seen. The FFA response to PGE1 was neither related to administered dose nor to clinical effects. Turnover rate studies with labelled palmitic acid showed that the plasma FFA changes were mainly caused by variations in the rate of mobilization of FFA into blood. The plasma levels of glycerol showed the same type of response to PGE1 as the FFA levels. No significant changes in blood glucose were seen in the seven subjects who were fasting. In one subject who had had breakfast there was a rapid fall in the concentration of blood glucose.
THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF SOME INDIAN AND INDONESIAN BLADDER STONES
Authors: Rokkones Torgeir , Andersen D. A.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Examination of 70 bladder stones from India and Indonesia seems to show that a large number of them arise with a primary formation of a small ammonium hydrogen urate stone. This is particularly pronounced in the bladder stones from boys, 14 of 17 “nuclei+Zone 1” being of this composition. Further research on the etiology of these stones should thus be directed toward the uric acid metabolism and excretion in children in the areas where the stones are endemic.

It has been shown that magnesium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate is of relatively frequent occurrence in these bladder stones, and that this mineral has a characteristic location in relation to magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate.

There is a marked excess of calcium oxalate monohydrate in relation to the dihydrate, and apatite is found more rarely than in European stones.
COUMARIN ANTICOAGULANT REQUIREMENT IN RELATION TO SERUM CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDE LEVEL
Authors: Pyörälä Kalevi , Nikkilä Esko A. , Vuopio Pekka , Myllylä Gunnar
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe relationship of warfarin requirement to serum cholesterol and triglyceride level was studied in 91 patients, who were on a well stabilized long‐term anticoagulant therapy. In male patients a significant positive correlation was observed between warfarin requirement and serum cholesterol level. A similar trend was observed in female patients, although the correlation did not reach statistical significance. No correlation was present between warfarin requirement and serum triglyceride level.

The concentration of warfarin in the plasma 14–15 hours after the preceding warfarin dose was determined in the 91 patients on long‐term warfarin therapy. The plasma warfarin level varied from 0.5 to 6.2 mg per liter with a median value of 2.0 mg per liter. When a serum cholesterol value of 300 mg/100 ml was chosen as a dividing line between normocholesteremia and hypercholesteremia, the median “therapeutic” plasma warfarin level was found to be somewhat higher in hypercholesteremic patients than in normocholesteremic patients.

The wide range of individual variation in the “therapeutic” plasma warfarin level indicates that, in addition to the individual variation in the rate of warfarin metabolism, there are considerable individual differences acting at the level of the receptor site for coumarin drugs.

The plasma warfarin half‐life was determined in 37 subjects. The mean half‐life of warfarin was 35.6 hours (S.D. 19.1 hours). The range of individual variation was from 10 to 90 hours. There was no correlation between the half‐life of warfarin and serum cholesterol or triglyceride level.

The duration of the depression of the prothrombin complex clotting factors after a single warfarin dose was shorter in hypercholesteremic than in normocholesteremic subjects, when related to the half‐life of warfarin in the plasma. A possible explanation of this phenomenon is that a greater amount of vitamin K is available at the receptor site for coumarin drugs in hypercholesteremic subjects. The results support the hypothesis that hypercholesteremia may be associated with increased levels of vitamin K in the plasma and liver.
EFFECT OF A SINGLE DOSE OF NICOTINIC ACID ON PLASMA LIPIDS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA
Authors: Carlson Lars A. , Orö Lars , östman Jan
Published: August 2010

Abstract Eleven patients with uncomplicated ischemic cardiovascular diseases and moderate hyperlipoproteinemia were studied for 6 hours after the administration of one gram of placebo and two days later one gram of nicotinic acid.

Plasma levels of free fatty acids were significantly depressed by nicotinic acid as compared to the control study during the first three hours after administration. Then, however, there was a pronounced rebound of FFA. The concentration of glycerol in plasma followed the same pattern as the free fatty acids.

The values for cholesterol in plasma remained unchanged during the six‐hour period in both the placebo and the nicotinic acid study. While the level of triglycerides as well was unchanged in the placebo study, the concentration of triglycerides decreased significantly 4 and 6 hours after the administration of nicotinic acid.

The concentration of blood glucose was not significantly different in the two groups during the study.

The concentration of free nicotinic acid in plasma reached a peak value 30 to 60 minutes after nicotinic acid was taken by mouth. At 5–6 hours the level had returned to pretreatment values. The values for the plasma levels of free nicotinic acid and free fatty acids indicated that a concentration of nicotinic acid above 1 μg/ml plasma is needed to maintain low free fatty acid levels.

The interrelation between free fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol in plasma is discussed. The results from these studies are compatible with the hypothesis that acute inhibition of FFA mobilization reduces the concentration of plasma triglycerides but not plasma cholesterol. They do not explain the mechanism behind the cholesterol‐lowering effect of nicotinic acid seen after chronic administration.
SERUM CALCIUM AND SERUM PHOSPHORUS IN URAEMIA DURING ADMINISTRATION OF SODIUM PHYTATE AND ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE
Authors: Friis Th. , Hahnemann S. , Weeke E.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Serum calcium, serum phosphorus, urinary calcium, the percental tubular re‐absorption of phosphorus (TRP%), and the phosphate excretion index (PEI) were studied in 15 patients with uraemia and in ten normal persons. With increasing degrees of uraemia the authors found a decreasing serum calcium, a rising serum phosphorus, a decreasing urinary calcium and TRP% as well as a rising PEI.

It should be emphasized that patients with very slight renal failure (creatinine clearance >40 ml/min) showed significantly lower serum phosphorus levels than did the control group, that the serum calcium fell before the serum phosphorus rose as compared with the control group when the renal failure increased, that the urinary calcium fell even in very mild renal failure, while the TRP% and PEI did not alter until the creatinine clearance fell below 40 ml/min.

For the purpose of ascertaining whether the reduction of serum calcium in uraemia is due to a reduced sensitivity to the parathyroid hormone in respect of the absorption of bone or to a possible latent hypoparathyroidism in the presence of a normal serum calcium, the sodium phytate test was used (binding of calcium in the intestine). Furthermore, aluminium hydroxide was administered (binding of phosphorus in the intestinal tract) for the purpose of elucidating whether the reduced serum calcium was due to an increased serum level of phosphorus. The sodium phytate test did not give evidence of a latent hypoparathyroidism or an altered sensitivity of the bones to the parathyroid hormone. Administration of aluminium hydroxide revealed that serum calcium, when reduced, rose to almost normal values, while at the same time serum phosphorus fell. This indicates that the reduced serum calcium is due, partially at least, to the elevated serum phosphorus in these patients. It was also demonstrated that even patients with mild uraemia having a normal serum phosphorus exhibited a greater fall of serum phosphorus than normal patients during the administration of aluminium hydroxide. This indicates a reduced renal ability to preserve phosphate.
ALCOHOL‐INDUCED HYPOGLYCAEMIA IN CHRONIC ALCOHOLICS WITH LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Hed Ragnar , Nygren Arne
Published: August 2010

Abstract A post‐fasting alcohol test was performed in fourteen alcoholics with liver disease and in five healthy controls. Only four alcoholics had hypoglycaèmia for the same duration as that of the controls. Eight of the alcoholics did not exhibit hypoglycaemia after alcohol consumption. Most of the patients who were unresponsive or less responsive to the hypoglycaemic effect of alcohol had a diabetic glucose pattern.
STOMACH ULCER AND DUODENAL ULCER RUNNING A FATAL COURSE DURING STEROID TREATMENT
Authors: Groth Anders , Groth Klaus , Mosbech Johannes
Published: August 2010

Abstract According to the certificates of death filed with the Danish National Health Service, 51 gastroduodenal ulcers with a fatal course occurred during steroid treatment of hospitalized patients in the five‐year period from 1960 to 1964, which is 3.5% of all lethal ulcer cases in the five‐year period. The records pertaining to the patients in question have been reviewed. There were 18 males and 33 females. The average age was about 65 years. More than 50% of the patients suffered from rheumatoid arthritis. Steroids were given most often as prednisone over several years, the average dose being 15 to 20 mg daily. The ulcers were often large and most frequently located in the stomach. Almost half the patients had no dyspeptic symptoms prior to the complication of ulcer. Histologically, 13 out of 30 ulcers were without fibrosis. No definite correlation was found between, on the one hand, the characteristics of the ulcers and, on the other, the dose of steroids and the duration of treatment.
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND WHOLE‐BLOOD VISCOSITY
Authors: Ditzel J. , Bang H. O. , Thorsen N.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Based on the observation of increased hematocrit levels in patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction, it has been suggested that rheological factors, especially an increased whole‐blood viscosity, have a primary importance for the development of myocardial infarction. For this reason whole‐blood viscosity and related components were measured in 25 patients with acute myocardial infarction within the first 24 hours and on the twenty‐first day after the onset of chest pain. On the first day the hematocrit did not differ significantly from those of a control group of healthy subjects of similar age and of the same sex. The average whole‐blood viscosities were significantly higher in patients with myocardial infarction on the first day. Simultaneously the concentration of plasma fibrinogen and alpha2‐globulin was significantly increased. On the twenty‐first day of the infarction the average hematocrit values and whole‐blood viscosities were significantly decreased. The changes in the rheological properties of blood suggest that an acute injury response is operative in acute myocardial infarction.
LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE OF HUMAN BONE MARROW IN THE STUDY OF HAEMOPOIESIS
Authors: Hansen Niels Ebbe , Andersen Vagn
Published: August 2010

Abstract In two groups of patients, one without haematological disease and one with various haemolytic anaemias, total LDH activities and LDH isoenzyme patterns were determined in bone marrow plasma, in extracts of nucleated cells from the bone marrow, and in blood plasma.

In haematologically normal persons LDH activity in marrow plasma was several times the activity found in blood plasma. The isoenzyme distribution in marrow nucleated cells showed a predominance of isoenzyme 3, corresponding to the pattern of immature cells, whereas marrow plasma showed a predominance of isoenzymes 2 and 3. Since this shift is towards the isoenzyme pattern of erythrocytes and away from the pattern of granulocytes, it suggests that more enzyme is liberated from erythrocyte than from granulocyte precursors during cell maturation.

In most of the haemolytic anaemias examined, LDH activity in blood plasma was elevated. The activity in marrow plasma did not differ from the control group. This is taken as evidence that intramedullary haemolysis was not important in these states. The increased erythropoiesis was reflected in the isoenzyme distribution which showed a shift towards the anodic isoenzymes.

In the only case of myeloid hyperplasia examined the activity of the cathodic isoenzymes which are characteristic of granulocytes was so high as to suggest intramedullary destruction of granulocytic cells.
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION AMONG RENAL ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENTS
Authors: Andersen H. Kerzel , Spencer Edwin S.
Published: August 2010

Abstract A comprehensive serologic, virologic and histologic study has been made of the incidence and clinical significance of cytomegalovirus infection among 43 renal allograft recipients. Material adequate for investigation was available from 36 patients and evidence of infection was found in 33, giving an incidence of 91%. In the majority of patients infection occurred during the first two months after transplantation. Most infections were clinically inapparent, but in four patients a febrile illness associated with a relative lymphocytosis was seen, which it seems reasonable to assume was caused by infection with cytomegalovirus. Cytomegalovirus pneumonia based on the finding of cytomegalic cells in the lungs was seen in 7 of the 17 autopsied patients. Although there was extensive cytomegalovirus pneumonia in three patients, death was not considered to have been caused by, or indeed significantly contributed to the infection, as all had a bacterial pneumonia as well.
STUDIES IN URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
Authors: Mabeck C. E.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Bacterial counts of successively collected midstream urines and of urine obtained by suprapubic needle aspiration are compared. Bacterial counts in 29% of the patients with bacteriuria showed fewer than 105 organisms per ml. It is concluded that, with regard to the number of organisms, no definite boundary exists between contamination and counts indicating bacteriuria with sufficient certainty.

More than 105 bacteria per ml in two consecutive midstream specimens, or more than 106 in a single specimen, indicates bacteriuria. If fewer than 104 organisms per ml are found in a single concentrated clean‐voided urine specimen, bacteriuria may be excluded. Bacterial counts in the range of 105 to 106 in a single mid‐stream specimen from a woman do not permit a diagnosis of bacteriuria with sufficient certainty.
STUDIES IN URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
Authors: Mabeck C. E.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Coagulase‐negative staphylococci were found in the urine of 14% of 193 non‐pregnant women between the ages of 16 and 65 with significant bacteriuria. The leucocyte excretion rate in the urine of these patients was increased and was found to be of the same magnitude as in cases of infection due to bacteria known to be pathogenic in the urinary tract. Pyuria disappeared as the patients obtained sterile urine. It is concluded that the patients were infected with coagulase‐negative staphylococci in the urinary tract.

The majority of the patients had a depression of renal concentration capacity. There was good agreement between the concentration capacity and clinical symptoms normally regarded as indicative of pyelonephritis. It seems probable that coagulase‐negative staphylococci may cause pyelonephritis.

Coagulase‐negative staphylococci were more frequently found in younger patients with urinary tract infection and were more frequent among patients without previous symptoms than among those with a history of recurrent urinary tract infection.

In comparison with patients with bacteriuria with E. coli, patients with coagulase‐negative staphylococci obtained spontaneously sterile urine more frequently and more rapidly.
STUDIES IN URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
Authors: Mortensen Nikolaj
Published: August 2010

Abstract Forty‐six strains of coagulase‐negative staphylococci from 13 patients with established urinary tract infections have been examined by biochemical tests. None of the strains produced coagulase or fermented mannitol. The strains differed in their production of haemolysins and phosphatase, phage sensitivity, liquefaction of gelatin, reduction of nitrate, splitting of Tween 80, pigmentation and production of acid from glucose, mannitol and lactose.

It is concluded that contrary to prevailing opinion a negative result in the coagulase test on staphylococci isolated from urine does not exclude their association with infections of the urinary tract.
HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF LIDOCAINE
Authors: Cullhed I.
Published: August 2010

Abstract Lidocaine is currently one of the most used drugs in ventricular arrhythmias, especially in acute myocardial infarction. Only few series subjected to hemodynamic studies have hitherto been reported. The author studied the hemodynamic changes following the intravenous injection of lidocaine to 12 cases with non‐ischemic heart disease. After a bolus dose of 50 or 100 mg an infusion was started with 1 or 2 mg/min for 20 minutes. No significant changes were found in mean values for heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, mean systemic and pulmonary artery pressures or peripheral arterial resistance. It was well tolerated in all cases, including one with total A‐V block. The serum lidocaine concentration was determined in eight cases.
WOLFF‐PARKINSON‐WHITE SYNDROME
Authors: Flensted‐Jensen Ellen
Published: August 2010

Abstract The results of a follow‐up study of 47 patients with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome are presented. Twenty‐nine patients gave a history of paroxysmal tachycardia. The frequency and duration of the attacks varied widely. For 28 patients aged 44–47 years, who were still alive in 1967, the observation period was 23–34 years. Twenty‐six of them were re‐examined. Eighteen reported no restriction of their functional capacity, whereas eight were in functional group II. The expected mortality could be calculated for 45 of the patients and equalled ten, whereas 17 had actually died. Eleven deaths were unrelated to WPW and occurred in patients aged 55–86 years. Four out of six patients who died at ages ranging between 28 and 44 years died a cardiac death. It is concluded that more follow‐up studies of larger series including other than hospital materials are needed to throw light on the prognosis of this syndrome.
THE BEHAVIOUR OF BLOOD AND EXTRACELLULAR VOLUME IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH RENAL INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: de Planque B. A. , Mulder E. , Mees E. J. Dorhout
Published: August 2010

Abstract Determinations of distribution volumes of R.I.S.A. (Radio iodinated serum albumin) and bromide (as a measure of blood and extracellular volume respectively) have been performed in 35 hypertensive patients, of whom 25 had advanced renal insufficiency.

In accordance with generally accepted views the results were within normal limits in the ten patients with uncomplicated hypertension. In 20 of the 25 patients with renal failure, significant elevations of either both volumes or extracellular volume alone were present.

Expansions up to 5 1 of bromide distribution volume were not evident by conventional clinical examination.

There was a good correlation between blood pressure and bromide volume expansion in patients in whom the fluid excess could be removed.

It is concluded that hypertension in patients with advanced renal insufficiency may be related to fluid retention.

This fluid retention is often the result of inability of the kidney to excrete salt and water, and may lead to secondary heart failure.
DISSEMINATED INFECTION CAUSED BY MYCOBACTERIUM KANSASII
Authors: Hagmar Björn , Kutti Jack , Lundin Per , Norlin Margareta , Weinfeld Aleksander , Wåhlén Per
Published: August 2010

Abstract A case of disseminated visceral infection with Mycobacterium kansasii in a previously healthy 23‐year‐old woman is reported. The clinical picture was dominated by fever, granulocytopenia and weight loss. Later, severe pancytopenia and splenomegaly were outstanding. The course was fatal in spite of therapy with antituberculous drugs. The association of blood dyscrasias in disseminated mycobacterial infections in man is pointed out. The literature is briefly reviewed.
SCLEROSIS OF THE ARTERIES OF THE EXTREMITIES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Skrifvars Bo , Laine Veikko , Wegelius Otto
Published: August 2010

Abstract In a series of 370 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 438 controls radiological vascular changes were observed in 15.4% of the former and 3.4% of the latter. The high rate of systemic manifestations in the rheumatoid patients showing radiological changes may be interpreted as evidence in favour of the view that arteritis is an inducing factor in atherosclerosis.
QUINIDINE PRIOR TO DIRECT CURRENT COUNTERSHOCK — A MEDICAL HAZARD
Authors: Åberg Hans
Published: August 2010

Abstract The author has previously discussed a possible relationship between post conversion arrhythmias and quinidine administered prior to a countercheck. A further evaluation of the suspected relationship is now possible after a more extensive follow‐up. Evidence is provided that quinidine as well as digitalis should be avoided immediately before direct current conversion. The reason is the highly increased risk of post conversion arrhythmia.