bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD)—Rather a Bystander Than a Driver of Mortality
Authors: Semmler Georg , Wernly Sarah , Bachmayer Sebastian , Leitner Isabella , Wernly Bernhard , Egger Matthias , Schwenoha Lena , Datz Leonora , Balcar Lorenz , Semmler Marie , Stickel Felix , Niederseer David , Aigner Elmar , Datz Christian
Published: May 2021

Context

Recently, the novel metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) definition has been introduced.

Objective

To assess the relevance of MAFLD for mortality.

Methods

Single-center cohort-study using colorectal cancer screening program involving 4718 subjects aged 45 to 80 who were grouped according to their body mass index (BMI) and the presence or absence of MAFLD. Mortality was compared among these groups by performing a systematic read-out of the national health insurance system, fatty liver (FL) was diagnosed using ultrasound.

Results

Overall prevalence of FL was 47.9%: 1200 (25.4%) patients were lean (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and did not have MAFLD, 73 (1.5%) patients were lean and had nonalcoholic fatty liver disease but did not fulfill criteria for MAFLD, and 221 (4.7%) patients were lean and fulfilled criteria for MAFLD. Additionally, 1043 (22.1%) and 925 (19.6%) subjects had MAFLD with overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), respectively, while 1041 (22.1%) and 215 (4.6%) had overweight and obesity, respectively, without FL. During a median follow-up of 7.5 (interquartile range: 4.0-9.6) years, 278 deaths (5.9%) occurred. Of these, 98 (2.1%) were cancer-related, 65 (1.4%) were cardiovascular, and 17 (0.4%) were liver-related. Overall survival was similar between patient strata (after 5 years: 93.9%-98.2%) with lean MAFLD having the numerically worst survival. Although lean and overweight patients with MAFLD had a numerically worse outcome compared to their non-MAFLD counterparts, this association was driven by age and metabolic comorbidities (predominantly diabetes) rather than the presence of MAFLD.

Conclusion

Presence of MAFLD does not increase mortality in a cohort of individuals aged 45 to 80 years.
“I Want to Know How to Protect Myself without Scaring Our Patients”
Authors: Hower Joseph E.
Published: May 2021

Drawing on union convention proceedings, reports, newspapers, speeches, and internal memoranda, this article uses the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) as a case study to explore organized labor’s response to the HIV/AIDS crisis. One the one hand, it shows that AFSCME eventually embraced an ambitious, two-pronged program that fought both for strong workplace safety measures for its members and against discrimination toward those most affected by HIV/AIDS. On the other, it highlights the ways in which the union’s campaign was constrained by a narrow focus on workplace hazards. Prioritizing workers’ protections over patients’ demands for privacy in diagnosis and treatment, AFSCME ultimately subsumed its rhetorical commitment to working-class solidarity beneath what many members saw as a practical need for somatic surveillance and segregation—marginalizing the very communities that the union claimed to protect.
Cold Blood
Authors: Cheng Jih-Fei
Published: May 2021

This article historicizes viral transmissions through the global supply chain of blood plasma between the United States and the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Since the 1941 initiation of plasma donation to serve US armed forces, privately exported US blood products have contributed significantly to a globalized industry, valuing $21 billion in sales by 2017. Although maintaining a blood surplus has been crucial for treating illnesses and traumatic injuries, blood banking has been a source for massive viral transmissions, including HIV and hepatitis C. Examining the news, activism, and state responses to blood-borne outbreaks across the United States and PRC, this essay outlines a constellation of viral infections derived from plasma coerced from US prisoners and PRC rural villagers. Viruses archive the structural violences of the global pharmaceutical and blood biotechnology industries. They point to the cyclical relations between persistent class-based racial and ethnic disparities, technoscientific experimentation, and viral epidemics across polities.
Postnatal expression profiles of atypical cadherin FAT1 suggest its role in autism
Authors: Frei Jeannine A. , Brandenburg Cheryl , Nestor Jonathan E. , Hodzic Didier M. , Plachez Celine , McNeill Helen , Dykxhoorn Derek M. , Nestor Michael W. , Blatt Gene J. , Lin Yu-Chih
Published: May 2021

Genetic studies have linked FAT1 (FAT atypical cadherin 1) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, the role that FAT1 plays in ASD remains unknown. In mice, the function of Fat1 has been primarily implicated in embryonic nervous system development with less known about its role in postnatal development. We show for the first time that FAT1 protein is expressed in mouse postnatal brains and is enriched in the cerebellum, where it localizes to granule neurons and Golgi cells in the granule layer, as well as inhibitory neurons in the molecular layer. Furthermore, subcellular characterization revealed FAT1 localization in neurites and soma of granule neurons, as well as being present in the synaptic plasma membrane and postsynaptic densities. Interestingly, FAT1 expression was decreased in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural precursor cells (NPCs) from individuals with ASD. These findings suggest a novel role for FAT1 in postnatal development and may be particularly important for cerebellum function. As the cerebellum is one of the vulnerable brain regions in ASD, our study warrants further investigation of FAT1 in the disease etiology.
Cyclic oligoadenylate signaling and regulation by ring nucleases during type III CRISPR defense
Authors: Athukoralage Januka S. , White Malcolm F.
Published: May 2021

In prokaryotes, CRISPR-Cas immune systems recognize and cleave foreign nucleic acids to defend against mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Type III CRISPR-Cas complexes also synthesize cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) second messengers, which activate CRISPR ancillary proteins involved in antiviral defense. In particular, cOA-stimulated nucleases degrade RNA and DNA nonspecifically, which slows MGE replication but also impedes cell growth, necessitating mechanisms to eliminate cOA in order to facilitate cell recovery. Extant cOA is degraded by a new class of enzyme termed a “ring nuclease,” which cleaves cOA specifically and switches off CRISPR ancillary enzymes. Several ring nuclease families have been characterized to date, including a family used by MGEs to circumvent CRISPR immunity, and encompass diverse protein folds and distinct cOA cleavage mechanisms. In this review we examine cOA signaling, discuss how different ring nucleases regulate the cOA signaling pathway, and reflect on parallels between cyclic nucleotide-based immune systems to reveal new areas for exploration.
Notes on the synonymy of Myrmecophilus bifasciatus Fischer von Waldheim, 1846 (Orthoptera: Myrmecophilidae)
Authors: Stalling Thomas
Published: May 2021

Myrmecophilus bifasciatus Fischer von Waldheim, 1846 was originally described based on a single specimen originating from Ukraine. The original description of M. bifasciatuswas evaluated, and compared with specimens of M. acervorum(Panzer, [1799]). The description and the illustration given in the original descriptiondo not indicate any difference between nymphs of those two species. Thus, M.bifasciatus has been recognised as a junior synonym of M. acervorum.
First record of the invasive exotic sap beetle Phenolia (Lasiodites) picta (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in Greece
Authors: Kalaentzis Konstantinos , Mpamnaras Athanasios Georgiou , Kazilas Christos
Published: May 2021

The exotic sap beetle Phenolia (Lasiodites) picta (Macleay, 1825) is recorded for the first time in Greece. In August 2018, a nitidulid beetle was found and photographed near Mt. Pelion of Central Greece. It was later identified as P. picta, a recent alien species in Europe, previously recorded from Spain, France, and Turkey. Photographic material and information on the species’ distribution, biology, and potential economic and ecological implications are discussed.
Description of a new species of Platypalpus of the candicans - cursitans subgroup from the Peloponnesus, Greece (Diptera: Hybotidae, Tachydromiinae)
Authors: Grootaert Patrick , Alexiou Sotiris
Published: May 2021

Platypalpus cylleneus sp. n. belonging to the subgroup of Platypalpus candicans and cursitans is described from Mt Killini in the Peloponnesus, Greece. A review and a key to the members of the subgroup, P. candicans (Fallén, 1815), P. cursitans (Fabricius, 1775), P. cylleneus sp. nov. and P. nigrimanus Strobl, 1880, is provided.
Megascolia (Regiscolia) bidens (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae), a new distributional record for Continental Greece
Authors: Demetriou Jakovos , Gastouniotis Georgios , Castagnet Jean Baptiste , Koutsoukos Evangelos
Published: May 2021

Megascolia (Regiscolia) bidens (Linnaeus, 1767) (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae), previously known to inhabit Dodecanese Islands, is recorded for the first time in the Saronic Gulf and Greek mainland. The species distribution and ecology are briefly discussed. A short species diagnosis is provided to assist further data collection.
Effectiveness of pre-operative anaemia screening and increased Tranexamic acid dose policies on outcomes following unilateral primary, elective total hip or knee replacement: a statistical analysis plan for an interrupted time series and regression discontinuity study
Authors: Scrimshire Ashley B. , Fairhurst Caroline , McDaid Catriona , Torgerson David J.
Published: May 2021

Perioperative blood transfusion is associated with poorer postoperative outcomes following hip and knee replacement surgery. Evidence for the effectiveness of some measures aimed at reducing blood transfusions in this setting are limited and often rely on weak pre-post study designs. Quasi-experimental study designs such as interrupted time series (ITS) and regression discontinuity design (RDD) address many of the weaknesses of the pre-post study design. In addition, a priori publication of statistical analysis plans for such studies increases their transparency and likely validity, as readers are able to distinguish between pre-planned and exploratory analyses. As such, this article, written prospective of any analysis, provides the statistical analysis plan for an ITS and RDD study based on a data set of 20,772 primary elective hip and knee replacement patients in a single English NHS Trust. The primary aim is to evaluate the impact of a preoperative anaemia optimisation service on perioperative blood transfusion (within 7 days of surgery) using both ITS and RDD methods. A secondary aim is to evaluate the impact of a policy of increased tranexamic acid dose given at the time of surgery, using ITS methods.
Evaluating adults’ health-related values and preferences about unprocessed red meat and processed meat consumption: protocol for a cross-sectional mixed-methods study
Authors: Valli Claudia , Howatt Victoria , Prokop-Dorner Anna , Rabassa Montserrat , Johnston Bradley C. , Zajac Joanna , Han Mi Ah , Kenji Nampo Fernando , Guyatt Gordon H. , Bala Malgorzata M. , Alonso-Coello Pablo
Published: May 2021

Background: People need to choose from a wide range of foods, and in addition to availability and accessibility, people’s values and preferences largely determine their daily food choices. Given the potential adverse health consequences of red and processed meat and the limited knowledge on individuals’ health-related values and preferences on the topic, such data would be useful in the development of recommendations regarding meat consumption.

Methods and analysis: We will perform a cross-sectional mixed methods study. The study population will consist of adult omnivores currently consuming a minimum of three weekly servings of either unprocessed red meat or processed meat. We will explore participants’ willingness to stop or reduce their unprocessed red meat, or their processed meat consumption through a direct-choice exercise. This exercise will consist of presenting a scenario tailored to each individual’s average weekly consumption. That is, based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of the best estimate of the risk reduction in overall cancer incidence and cancer mortality, we will ask participants if they would stop their consumption, and/or reduce their average consumption. We will also present the corresponding certainty of the evidence for the potential risk reductions. Finally, we will measure their meat consumption three months after the interview and determine if they have made any changes to their average consumption.

Ethics and dissemination: The research protocol was approved by the ethics committees in Canada (Research Ethics Board, Dalhousie University), Spain (Comitè Ètic d'Investigació Clínica de l'IDIAP Jordi Gol), Poland (The Bioethics Committee of the Jagiellonian University), and Brazil (National Research Ethics Commission). The study is based on voluntary participation and informed written consent. Results from this project will be disseminated through publications and presentations.
Pesticide exposure and lung cancer risk: A case-control study in Nakhon Sawan, Thailand
Authors: Kangkhetkron Teera , Juntarawijit Chudchawal
Published: May 2021

Background: Pesticide exposure might increase risk of lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the historical use of pesticides commonly found in Thailand, and lung cancer.

Methods: This case-control study compared a lifetime pesticide exposure of 233 lung cancer cases, and 447 healthy neighbours matched for gender, and age (±5 years). Data on demographic, pesticide exposure and other related factors were collected using a face-to-face interview questionnaire. Associations between lung cancer and types of pesticides as well as individual pesticides were analyzed using logistic regression adjusted for gender (male, female), age (≤54, 55-64, 65-74, ≥75), cigarette smoking ( never smoked, smoked < 109,500, smoked ≥ 109,500), occupation (farmer, non-farmer), cooking fumes exposure (yes, no), and exposure to air pollution (yes, no).

Results: It was found that lung cancer was positively associated with lifetime use of herbicides and insecticides. Compared to people in the nonexposed groups, those in Q3-Q4 days of using herbicides and insecticides had an elevated risk of lung cancer, with odds ratio (OR) between 2.20 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24-3.89), and 3.99 (95% CI 1.62-7.11) (p < 0.001). For individual pesticides, those presenting a significant association with lung cancer were dieldrin (OR = 2.56; 95% CI 1.36-4.81), chlorpyrifos (OR = 3.29; 95 % CI 1.93-5.61), and carbofuran (OR = 2.10; 95% CI 1.28-3.42). It was also found, for the first time, carbofuran, glyphosate, and paraquat to be strongly associated with lung cancer.

Conclusions: The results showed that lung cancer among Thai people in Nakhon Sawan province is associated with previous pesticide use. In addition to dieldrin and chlorpyrifos, we also found carbofuran, glyphosate, and paraquat to be associated with lung cancer. These issues should receive more attention since these chemicals are used widely.
Development of a computer-assisted instructional package for life skills to prevent risky sexual behaviors in early adolescents, Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Neranon Wanida , Thongsong Ladaporn
Published: May 2021

Background: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of a newly developed computer-assisted instructional package for life skills (CAIFLS) specifically designed to raise awareness of risky sexual behaviors among Thai early adolescents in Bangkok.

Methods:  The research process included two phases: (1) the development and (2) the use and evaluation of the newly developed CAIFLS package. First, 5 teachers and 5 Grade 7 students of a Bangkok school were interviewed to collect information needed for the development of CAIFLS. The second phase was to implement learning activities through CAIFLS with a total of 87 Bangkok school students, consisting of 44 students for the experimental group who received CAIFLS for 4 sessions, and 43 students for the control group who received routine class lecture. CAIFLS instructions, lesson plans and worksheets were designed as the experiment methods. Then questionnaires of life skills assessments and student satisfaction were used to investigate the effects and the student satisfaction of CAIFLS. 

Results: The findings revealed that the efficiency values of the CAIFLS package were 80.2/82.5, higher than the set criteria of 80/80. Mean scores on life skills for the experimental group significant increased (p < .05), which was higher than the control group. The students also showed their satisfaction of CAIFLS at a high level (M = 4.20, S.D. = 0.29)

Conclusions: CAIFLS can be used as an effective learning tool to enhance life skills to prevent risky sexual behaviors among Thai early adolescents.
Patient perspectives on home-based rehabilitation exercise and general physical activity after total hip arthroplasty: A qualitative study (PHETHAS-2)
Authors: Poulsen Anne Grøndahl , Gravesen Janni Dahlgaard , Madsen Merete Nørgaard , Mikkelsen Lone Ramer , Bandholm Thomas , Rossen Camilla Blach
Published: May 2021

Background: Home-based rehabilitation exercise following Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) shows similar outcomes compared to supervised outpatient rehabilitation exercise. Little is known about patients' experiences with home-based rehabilitation, and this study aimed to investigate patient-perceived facilitators and barriers to home-based rehabilitation exercise and general physical activity after THA.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews of qualitative design were conducted with 22 patients who had undergone THA and who had performed home-based rehabilitation exercise. The study took place in a regional hospital in Denmark between January 2018 and May 2019. Data was analyzed using an interpretive thematic analysis approach, with theoretical underpinning from the concept ‘conduct of everyday life’. The study is embedded within the Pragmatic Home-Based Exercise Therapy after Total Hip Arthroplasty-Silkeborg trial (PHETHAS-1), which aims to quantitatively investigate recovery outcomes after a home-based rehabilitation exercise program.

Results: The main theme, ‘wishing to return to the well-known everyday life’, and the subtheme ‘general physical activity versus rehabilitation exercise’ were identified. Generally, participants found the home-based rehabilitation exercise boring but were motivated by the goal of returning to their habitual conduct of everyday life and performing their usual general physical activities. Participants enrolled in the PHETHAS-1 study used the enrollment as part of their motivation for doing the exercises. 

Both pain and the absence of pain were identified as barriers for doing home-based rehabilitation exercise. Pain could cause insecurity about possible medical complications, while the absence of pain could lead to the rehabilitation exercise being perceived as pointless.

Conclusions: The overall goal for the THA patients was to return to their habitual everyday life. This goal served as a facilitator for undertaking home-based rehabilitation exercise. Being able to perform usual activities paradoxically became a barrier for some participants, as they were more motivated to engage in general physical activity than the rehabilitation exercise.
Roles and Problems of Stroke Caregivers: A Qualitative Study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Muhrodji Paryono , Wicaksono Hendrawan Dian Agung , Satiti Sekar , Trisnantoro Laksono , Setyopranoto Ismail , Vidyanti Amelia Nur
Published: May 2021

Background: Caregivers play a central role in post-stroke patients care. However, the role of and problems managed by caregivers have not been widely studied, particularly in Indonesia. This study aims to explore the roles and problems of caregivers in post- stroke patients’ care.

Method: This was a qualitative study. Caregivers of post-stroke patients from the homecare clinic of Dr Sardjito General Hospital were purposely selected during January 2017 to June 2018. Focus group discussions were conducted to explore the roles and problems of caregiving.

Results: Themes related to caregivers’ roles were: connecting patients with medical personnel and other family members, maintaining patients’ health conditions by fulfilling basic needs and assisting rehabilitation, as well as maintaining patients’ psychological conditions by encouraging conversation, telling jokes, or recreation. On the other hand, themes related to caregivers’ problems were: lack of knowledge caused by education inadequacy, underappreciated and unconcerned family, suboptimal service including limited physiotherapy and pharmacy resource, unthorough administration, lack of communication, physical limitations, and burnout, as well as uncooperative patients.

Conclusions: Caregivers play essential roles as communicators and help to maintain patient's health conditions. Common problems are related to a lack of knowledge about strokes and a lack of attention from family. Understanding the roles and problems of caregivers may help facilitate better management and increase the quality of life for both patients and their caregivers.
Child development with the D-score: turning milestones into measurement
Authors: van Buuren Stef , Eekhout Iris
Published: May 2021

The chapter equips the reader with a basic understanding of robust psychometric methods that are needed to turn developmental milestones into measurements, introducing the fundamental issues in defining a unit for child development and demonstrates the relevant quantitative methodology.

It reviews quantitative approaches to measuring child development;

introduces the Rasch model in a non-technical way;

shows how to estimate model parameters from real data;

puts forth a set of principles for model evaluation and assessment of scale quality;

analyses the relation between early D-scores and later intelligence;

and compares the D-scores from three studies that all use the same instrument.
Growth monitoring and mortality risk in low birthweight infants: a birth cohort study in Burkina Faso
Authors: Mwangome Martha , Ngari Moses , Bahwere Paluku , Kabore Patrick , McGrath Marie , Berkley James A.
Published: May 2021

Background: Wasting and underweight in infancy is an increasingly recognised problem but consensus on optimum assessment is lacking.  In particular, there is uncertainty on how to interpret anthropometry among low birth weight (LBW) infants who may be growing normally. This research aimed to determine growth of infants from birth to two months (around age of vaccination) and the mortality risk of underweight LBW infants compared to normal birth weight (NBW) infants at two and six months age.

Methods: A secondary analysis of a birth cohort of 1103 infants in Burkina Faso was conducted. Anthropometry was performed monthly from 0 to 12 months. We assessed associations with mortality using Cox proportional hazards models and assessed discriminatory values using area under receiver operating characteristics curves.

Results: Eighty-six (7.8%) children died by age one year, 26/86 (30%) and 51/86 (59%) within two and six months, respectively. At age two months, weight gain since birth did not better discriminate mortality risk than current weight-for-age (P=0.72) or mid-upper arm circumference (P=0.21). In total, 227 (21%) LBW infants had increased risk of mortality: adjusted hazards ratio (aHR) 3.30 (95%CI 2.09 to 4.90).  Among infants who were underweight at two and six months, LBW infants (64% and 49%, respectively) were not at reduced risk of death compared to NBW infants (aHR 2.63 (95%CI 0.76 to 9.15) and 2.43 (95%CI 0.74 to 7.98), respectively).

Conclusion: Assessing weight gain since birth does not offer advantages over immediate anthropometry for discriminating mortality risk. LBW infants who are later identified as underweight require care to help prevent mortality.
Los tópicos femeninos en Un hombre que se parecía a Orestes, de Álvaro Cunqueiro
Authors: Mariño Mexuto Marta
Published: May 2021

Álvaro Cunqueiro, en su novela ganadora del Premio Nadal, Un hombre que se parecía a Orestes (1969), recrea el mito griego de Orestes de forma peculiar e innovadora. Introduce algunos personajes nuevos y modifica sustancialmente las características de los ya existentes en la tradición clásica. En el presente trabajo se analiza el tratamiento que el escritor mindoniense da a los cuatro principales personajes femeninos y cómo estos acaban correspondiéndose con tópicos literarios ampliamente conocidos. A pesar de que es innegable que los personajes femeninos cunqueirianos carecen a menudo de la profundidad de sus compañeros masculinos, los tópicos responden en este caso no tanto a una simplificación, como al gusto del autor por el constante juego de referencias literarias de todos los tipos y épocas.
El motivo de Ofelia en la lírica expresionista alemana: denuncia social, política y marginalidad
Authors: Rubio Ana
Published: May 2021

El trágico motivo de Ofelia ha sido utilizado para transmitir diversos mensajes en la lírica expresionista alemana. Poetas como Georg Heym, Gottfried Benn, Bertolt Brecht y Peter Huchel han utilizado a Ofelia como vehículo para expresar su descontento con la sociedad del momento y como arma de denuncia social y política. El propósito de este artículo es exponer y analizar los principales poemas en los que aparece esta figura.
The Value of Randomized Solutions in Mixed-Integer Distributionally Robust Optimization Problems
Authors: Delage Erick , Saif Ahmed
Published: May 2021

Randomized decision making refers to the process of making decisions randomly according to the outcome of an independent randomization device, such as a dice roll or a coin flip. The concept is unconventional, and somehow counterintuitive, in the domain of mathematical programming, in which deterministic decisions are usually sought even when the problem parameters are uncertain. However, it has recently been shown that using a randomized, rather than a deterministic, strategy in nonconvex distributionally robust optimization (DRO) problems can lead to improvements in their objective values. It is still unknown, though, what is the magnitude of improvement that can be attained through randomization or how to numerically find the optimal randomized strategy. In this paper, we study the value of randomization in mixed-integer DRO problems and show that it is bounded by the improvement achievable through its continuous relaxation. Furthermore, we identify conditions under which the bound is tight. We then develop algorithmic procedures, based on column generation, for solving both single- and two-stage linear DRO problems with randomization that can be used with both moment-based and Wasserstein ambiguity sets. Finally, we apply the proposed algorithm to solve three classical discrete DRO problems: the assignment problem, the uncapacitated facility location problem, and the capacitated facility location problem and report numerical results that show the quality of our bounds, the computational efficiency of the proposed solution method, and the magnitude of performance improvement achieved by randomized decisions.

Summary of Contribution: In this paper, we present both theoretical results and algorithmic tools to identify optimal randomized strategies for discrete distributionally robust optimization (DRO) problems and evaluate the performance improvements that can be achieved when using them rather than classical deterministic strategies. On the theory side, we provide improvement bounds based on continuous relaxation and identify the conditions under which these bound are tight. On the algorithmic side, we propose a finitely convergent, two-layer, column-generation algorithm that iterates between identifying feasible solutions and finding extreme realizations of the uncertain parameter. The proposed algorithm was implemented to solve distributionally robust stochastic versions of three classical optimization problems and extensive numerical results are reported. The paper extends a previous, purely theoretical work of the first author on the idea of randomized strategies in nonconvex DRO problems by providing useful bounds and algorithms to solve this kind of problems.
Focus Within or On Others: The Impact of Reviewers’ Attentional Focus on Review Helpfulness
Authors: Lei Zhanfei , Yin Dezhi , Zhang Han
Published: May 2021

When reviewers write online reviews, they differ in the focus of their attention: some focus on their own experiences, whereas some direct their attention to others—prospective consumers who may read the reviews in the future. This paper explores how, why, and when reviewers’ attentional focus can influence the helpfulness evaluation of reviews beyond the impact of substantive review content. Drawing on the attentional focus and persuasion literatures, we develop a theoretical model proposing that reviewers’ attentional focus may influence consumers’ perception of review helpfulness through opposing processes, and that its overall effect is contingent on the review’s two-sidedness. Results of one archival analysis and five controlled experiments provide consistent support for our hypotheses. This work challenges the predominant view of the positive impact of other-focus (vs. self-focus), explores the interpersonal impact of a reviewer’s attentional focus on prospective consumers who are total strangers, and reveals an important, context-specific boundary condition.
Optimal Policy for Dynamic Assortment Planning Under Multinomial Logit Models
Authors: Chen Xi , Wang Yining , Zhou Yuan
Published: May 2021

We study the dynamic assortment planning problem, where for each arriving customer, the seller offers an assortment of substitutable products and the customer makes the purchase among offered products according to an uncapacitated multinomial logit (MNL) model. Because all the utility parameters of the MNL model are unknown, the seller needs to simultaneously learn customers’ choice behavior and make dynamic decisions on assortments based on the current knowledge. The goal of the seller is to maximize the expected revenue, or, equivalently, to minimize the expected regret. Although dynamic assortment planning problem has received an increasing attention in revenue management, most existing policies require the estimation of mean utility for each product and the final regret usually involves the number of products [Formula: see text]. The optimal regret of the dynamic assortment planning problem under the most basic and popular choice model—the MNL model—is still open. By carefully analyzing a revenue potential function, we develop a trisection-based policy combined with adaptive confidence bound construction, which achieves an item-independent regret bound of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the length of selling horizon. We further establish the matching lower bound result to show the optimality of our policy. There are two major advantages of the proposed policy. First, the regret of all our policies has no dependence on [Formula: see text]. Second, our policies are almost assumption-free: there is no assumption on mean utility nor any “separability” condition on the expected revenues for different assortments. We also extend our trisection search algorithm to capacitated MNL models and obtain the optimal regret [Formula: see text] (up to logrithmic factors) without any assumption on the mean utility parameters of items.
Application of nursing process in community health to patient with pressure injury
Authors: Oliveira Naila A. , Bazan Kamila A. , Leite Anne P. G. , Cardoso Simone C. , Silva Marilene N. , Miura Carla R. M.
Published: May 2021

Introduction:  Nursing is a science whose main objective is the care process. From preventive approach viewpoint as well as in health promotion, nurse’s main task is to guide and execute the care practice as means to reduce the prevalence of pressure injuries (PI).  Objective: To report the implementation of the nursing process in the phases of history, nursing diagnoses, planning, and educational interventions towards a patient with pressure injury bedridden and assisted by the primary health care team. Method: This is a clinical case study, using nursing process in the phases of history, nursing diagnosis, planning, intervention, and results evaluation. Patient was chosen during a home visit. Data were collected through data collection and interview phase while forms were filled up via “check list”. Nursing diagnosis was later elaborated using NANDA-1 taxonomy while interventions followed NIC and NOC taxonomies in order to meet human basic needs in line with Wanda Horta. Results: After data collection, NANDA-1 diagnoses were found as follows: pressure ulcer risk, tissue integrity impaired, feeding self-care deficit, infection risk, fall risk and acute pain. Related factors analyses and defining characteristics outlined NOC objectives and interventions (NIC) for patient care and for caregivers guidance. It was observed that well-oriented caregivers can promote injury prevention actions while improving life quality of a bedridden patient with self-care limitations related to aging process. Final considerations: Application of nursing process promotes effectiveness as well as quality in care and guidance towards the patient, while nursing role should be emphasized when guiding, teaching and raising awareness among elderly patients as well as their caregivers in home care.
Produção de Subjetividade e Militância Política dos Jovens do Movimento Sem Terra no Semiárido Alagoano
Authors: Alves Jadielma De Barros , Fernandes Saulo Luders , Mesquita Marcos Ribeiro
Published: May 2021

A pesquisa descritiva exploratória teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos psicossociais da subjetivação política dos/as jovens assentados/as do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra. O estudo se amparou, como aporte teórico, em leituras da psicologia política, da psicologia social e da filosofia da diferença. O desenvolvimento metodológico se deu pela proposta cartográfica, referenciada em autores como Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari. Participaram dessa pesquisa dez jovens de um assentamento rural do semiárido alagoano, com idade entre 18 e 26 anos. Os instrumentos metodológicos utilizados foram grupos focais e diários de campo. Os dados analíticos produziram-se com base em três olhares analisadores: olhares para a militância política de uma juventude assentada, olhares para a violência simbólica vivida no seu cotidiano e olhares para os processos de (trans)formação política pelos quais passam, ao longo da trajetória de vida, nos contextos rurais e de militância de que fazem parte. Ao analisar os diferentes modos de vivenciar e significar a militância, considera-se que é possível fortalecer o pertencimento dos sujeitos de um movimento social, a partir da junção das singularidades e valorização da heterogeneidade dos modos de ser e existir.
Preconceito e Identidade Patriótica face à Imigração de Médicos
Authors: Barros Clarissa Maria Dubeux Lopes , Pereira Cícero Roberto , Torres Ana Raquel Rosas
Published: May 2021

Este artigo analisa o papel do preconceito e de fatores identitários na oposição à contratação de médicos estrangeiros. Utilizou-se o Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) como cenário para testar a hipótese de que a oposição à contratação de médicos estrangeiros varia consoante a nacionalidade do médico e é motivada pelo preconceito e necessidade de manter a identidade patriótica. Realizamos dois estudos entre estudantes de uma universidade pública brasileira (N= 236 e N=176), nos quais colocamos em saliência a origem nacional dos médicos e avaliamos a oposição à sua contratação. Os resultados indicaram que a influência da origem dos imigrantes na oposição à sua contratação pelo PMM ocorre somente nos participantes mais preconceituosos e esse efeito é maior entre os participantes com níveis mais elevado da identidade patriótica. Em conjunto, os resultados indicam a importância de investigar o papel do preconceito juntamente com diferentes dimensões da identidade social no posicionamento frente a imigração de profissionais qualificados.
Fenômeno do Impostor e Perfeccionismo: Avaliando o Papel Mediador da Autoestima
Authors: Soares Ana Karla Silva , Nascimento Eduardo França do , Cavalcanti Thiago Medeiros
Published: May 2021

Na literatura, o perfeccionismo tem sido relacionado ao fenômeno do impostor. Contudo, são escassas as pesquisas que analisam conjuntamente estas relações. Esta pesquisa examina o potencial papel mediador da autoestima na relação entre as dimensões do perfeccionismo (adaptativo e desadaptativo) e o fenômeno impostor. Participaram da pesquisa 380 universitários, com idade média 24 anos (DP= 5,69; 18 a 55 anos), a maioria do sexo feminino (63%). Estes responderam a Escala de Quase Perfeição-Revisada, a Escala Clance de Fenômeno Impostor, a Escala de Autoestima e perguntas demográficas. Realizaram-se análises de correlação e regressão, tendo os resultados indicado que pessoas com maiores níveis de impostorismo apresentaram menos autoestima e mais perfeccionismo desadaptativo. Por sua vez, a autoestima se correlacionou positivamente com o perfeccionismo adaptativo e negativamente com o desadaptativo. Por meio de duas path analysis identificou-se que a autoestima mediou parcialmente a relação entre o perfeccionismo (desadaptativo e adaptativo) e o fenômeno do impostor, sendo maior o efeito no caso do perfeccionismo desadaptativo. Conclui-se que a autoestima é uma variável importante para a compreensão da relação entre o impostorismo e o perfeccionismo, reforçando que pessoas com mais autoestima e menos desadaptativamente perfeccionistas costumam vivenciar menos o fenômeno do impostor.
Atribuições dos Profissionais de Psicologia na Política de Adoção
Authors: Albuquerque Leonam Amitaf Ferreira Pinto de , Leal Noêmia Soares Barbosa , Alberto Maria de Fátima Pereira
Published: May 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as ações atribuídas pelas normativas da política de adoção aos profissionais de Psicologia da Vara da Infância e Juventude. Foram submetidos à análise documental o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, a Lei Nacional da Adoção, o provimento do Conselho Nacional de Justiça sobre as Varas da Infância e Juventude e a resolução do Conselho Federal de Psicologia sobre a atuação do psicólogo como perito e assistente técnico no Poder Judiciário. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Temática. As ações atribuídas pelas normativas da política de adoção aos profissionais de Psicologia contribuem para fundamentar as decisões judiciais, avaliar os pretendentes, auxiliar durante o processo, acolher e escutar suas angústias. Também colaboram para prestar assistência qualificada e integral, oferecer suporte psicológico, legal e social e proporcionar espaços permanentes de reflexão a todos os envolvidos. A vasta quantidade de atribuições e sua natureza técnica podem gerar sobrecarga de trabalho para esses profissionais, cuja formação acadêmica ofertada no Brasil continua atrelada a campos tradicionais.
O ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA NA PANDEMIA ATRAVESSADO PELA MATERIALIDADE DIGITAL: UMA ANÁLISE DISCURSIVA
Authors: Lacerda Gustavo Haiden de , Silvestre Nelci Alves Coelho
Published: May 2021

Neste artigo, refletimos acerca de uma experiência de ensino de língua inglesa durante estágio supervisionado, em meio à pandemia de Covid-19. O objetivo central foi compreender implicações de ordem social e discursiva relacionadas ao atravessamento do digital em aulas de inglês. Para tanto, analisamos alguns dos desafios e das possibilidades do ensino remoto de línguas, por meio do referencial teórico-metodológico da Análise de Discurso, com base na experiência de professor-em-formação de língua inglesa e nos comentários de alguns alunos a respeito das aulas online. O percurso analítico fez notar a necessidade de um processo metafórico sobre os instrumentos de ensino para produzir efeitos significativos sobre a prática docente e sobre as vivências dos alunos.
Conversas docentes no Whatsapp forjando aprendizagens multirreferenciadas e autorias docentes
Authors: Jesus Rosana Sales de , Amaral Mirian Maia do
Published: May 2021

Este artigo, subproduto de uma pesquisa de mestrado, realizada em uma escola pública da rede municipal do Rio de Janeiro, objetiva compreender como conversas tecidas no WhatsApp, pelos professores da educação básica, podem contribuir para seus processos formativos e autorais. Nesse intento, dialogamos com as abordagens de Alves (2008); Andrade, Caldas e Alves (2019); Certeau (2013); Santaella (2013); Santos, (2005, 2014, 2019); Silva (2003, 2014), entre outros. A metodologia inscreveu-se na bricolagem dos princípios da multirreferencialidade com a pesquisa com os cotidianos na cibercultura, o que nos possibilitou engendrar atos de currículo que fizeram emergir conversas que forjaram processos de auto, hetero, eco e trans (formação), materializados em aprendizagens e autorias diversos. Desse modo, concluímos que o uso do aplicativo pode mediar conexões entre os professores para além do uso social, instituindo-se como um espaço de ensino, aprendizagem e formação na cibercultura.
Design Instrucional: perspectiva didático-metodológica para integração da tecnologia na formação docente
Authors: Barbosa Pereira Hiêda Claudia
Published: May 2021

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo propor uma metodologia didático-pedagógica para a disciplina Integração das Mídias e Novas Tecnologias (TDIC), implementada no curso normal em nível médio dos colégios do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, possibilitando contribuir para a formação inicial docente, no que se refere ao uso pedagógico das TDIC. Elaborada por meio de ‘Design Instrucional’ e disponibilizada no site M.E.N.T.E, a metodologia delineou a estratégia didática e a metodologia ativa que, mediadas por um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, abordaram temas que propiciam o pensamento crítico durante as aulas. A pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, adotou a observação participante, pesquisa exploratória, bibliográfica e documental. Como resultado, a partir triangulação dos dados coletados, verificou-se que esta pesquisa proporcionou reflexões acerca da formação interdisciplinar que prioriza a formação do profissional prático e reflexivo, concluindo-se que disponibilizou uma metodologia interdisciplinar que apresentou um paradigma efetivo para a implementação de novas práticas ao trabalho do professor.
Meios digitais, ensino e prática docente: mudanças e permanências no contexto da pandemia de COVID 19
Authors: Costa Patricia Coelho , Teixeira Luiz Augusto Cavalcante
Published: May 2021

O tema deste artigo é o ensino praticado por professores de instituições privadas localizadas no município do Rio de Janeiro por meios digitais nos períodos anterior e posterior a interrupção das aulas presenciais pela pandemia de Covid 19. O ensino por meios digitais não se confunde com ensino a distância, pois não existe intenção de substituir a escolaridadetradicional. A partir da análise de entrevistas com docentes que trabalham em cursos online ou em colégios que adotam sistema de aulas moduladas, a pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar e analisar as permanências e as mudanças neste tipo de ensino a partir de experiências pedagógicas do ensino presencial e do ensino remoto.  Foram investigadas o processo de virtualização da sala de aula, a interatividade e a questão da propriedade intelectual e o uso de imagem na internet.  Os resultados apontam que as aulas por meios digitais em tempos de pandemia de Covid 19 refletem desafios  e problemas do ensino modulado presencial.
Do we need a unified uniform policy?
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: May 2021

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, considers the question of a single NHS uniform for England, with the launch of a consultation on the idea
Double Trouble: Rare Presentations of Molar Dens Evaginatus
Authors: Chung Matthew , Coyle Catherine
Published: May 2021

Prevalence of dens evaginatus (DE) is very rare in molars, with only nine previous cases described, and all involving patients of Asian heritage. This article presents two unique cases of molar DE in European patients of 10 and 5 years of age, and a review of the current literature. The aim of the article is to review the aetiology, diagnosis, clinical significance and management of teeth affected with DE.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dens evaginatus describe teeth with supplemental cusps that may contain pulpal tissue. These are susceptible to wear, fracture and caries. This may lead to pain and pulpal necrosis. Early diagnosis and management are key to prevent symptoms and optimize tooth prognosis
Resiliência regional: um estudo bibliométrico a partir da Web of Science
Authors: Miranda Júnior Newton da Silva , Hoffmann Valmir Emil
Published: May 2021

Este estudo apresenta o estado da arte e itinerários temáticos percorridos acerca resiliência sob enfoque regional. Utilizou-se o método bibliométrico a partir da base de dados indexada na Web of Science sem recorte temporal, a priori. Para análise da produção levantada foi utilizado o programa CiteSpace. Abordou-se a resiliência regional sob variados campos de estudo por meio de 129 artigos. Posteriormente, mediante 67 artigos, abordou-se a resiliência regional sob as perspectivas da economia, gestão, planejamento e desenvolvimento. Uma vez que tratar de resiliência pressupõe ocorrência de um choque, constatou-se que os estudos voltados ao âmbito regional do fenômeno possuem como referência o choque econômico-financeiro de 2008-2009. Embora dispersa entre periódicos com publicações isoladas, a produção acadêmica tem sido conduzida com maior robusteza especificamente por um periódico. A análise de conteúdo da produção levantada revelou a inovação como a variável mais recorrentemente utilizada por regiões para contornar os impactos de choques.
Requalificação de centros históricos: estudo sobre os discursos no organizar do espaço
Authors: Lacerda Carlos César de Oliveira , Mello Sérgio Carvalho Benício de
Published: May 2021

Esse trabalho teve como objetivo compreender os discursos sobre a gestão do espaço público no que diz respeito a projetos de requalificação de centros históricos na cidade de Porto Alegre. Foi realizado uma pesquisa de abordagem crítica de corrente pós-estruturalista e matriz pós-marxista sob uma perspectiva qualitativa. A teoria do discurso de Laclau e Mouffe (1985) norteou todo o trabalho e foi utilizado a lógica da explanação crítica como metodologia para problematizar os discursos, além de análise de entrevistas, documentos e observação participante. Os resultados apontam diferentes conflitos que visam reintegrar à cidade ao planejamento moderno através de uma gestão eficiente, entretanto, essa reintegração contradiz a identidade do lugar e reforça uma lógica de mercado. Conclui-se que o empreendedorismo urbano tem sido a característica central da gestão urbana na conjuntura de desregulamentação dos mercados em que a cidade tem alçado grande protagonismo e os projetos de requalificação tem justificado a afirmação da cidade como mercadoria.