bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leadership ambidextre: résultats d’une étude qualitative exploratoire
Authors: Ben Zarb Khaoula , Ben Zarb Khaoula , De La Robertie Catherinne , De La Robertie Catherinne , Karoui Zouaoui Samia , Karoui Zouaoui Samia
Published: October 2019

La capacité de poursuivre simultanément les activités d’exploration et d’exploitation, à faire preuve d’ambidextre, est la solution pour promouvoir et stimuler l’innovation. Seulement, ces activités conflictuelles sont reconnues pour être complexes, génératrice de tensions et de paradoxes. Le leadership est reconnu comme le déterminant le plus influent pour gérer cette dualité. Le leadership ambidextre est proposé comme le style de leadership qui soit fait pour l’innovation, et comme un catalyseur du comportement ambidextre au sein des organisations. En l’absence d’un instrument de mesure spécifique à ce style de leadership, l’objectif de ce travail de recherche est d’essayer de combler ce vide et de proposer une conceptualisation au leadership ambidextre. Nous présentons les résultats d’une étude qualitative exploratoire menée auprès de jeunes entreprises innovantes dans le but de délimiter les composantes de ce nouveau style de leadership. Les résultats révèlent que le leadership ambidextre est composé de deux styles de leadership, à savoir, le leadership de responsabilisation et le leadership partagé.
À propos de deux types intermédiaires en Haute-Normandie durant l’Ancien Régime
Authors: Bergeron-Maguire Myriam
Published: October 2019

Cet article s’interroge sur la présence de formes intermédiaires correspondant à une étape de diaglossie (stade C, d’après Auer 2005) dans l’histoire de la diffusion du français, en particulier en ce qui concerne la période postclassique. Les exemples examinés sont tirés de textes documentaires inédits (à savoir un registre de propriétés et des mémoires d’ouvriers), rédigés en Haute-Normandie. L’éclairage qu’il apporte ne concerne qu’une zone située à la marge occidentale du Bassin parisien, mais ce ne doit pas être une situation exceptionnelle, au contraire.
La troisième personne du pluriel (indicatif présent) autour de Metz : une révolution paradigmatique
Authors: Duval Marc
Published: October 2019

La troisième personne du pluriel (P6) de l’indicatif présent fait l’objet d’un traitement particulier dans les variétés galloromanes de la région de Metz : contrairement aux autres dialectes lorrains, les dialectes de cette zone ne marquent pas P6 par un suffixe vocalique, ce qui a pour conséquence que la troisième personne du pluriel est soit homonyme des personnes du singulier, soit marquée par une base spécifique du pluriel. Cette situation étant précisément celle que connaît le français moderne (cf.  ils aim-[ent] versus nous aim-ons , elles finiss-[ent] versus nous finiss - ons ), nous supposons une influence du standard sur les variétés dialectales autour de Metz, où cette ville joue depuis longtemps un rôle de pivot dans la propagation à la fois du standard et du dialecte.
Des dialectes primaires aux dialectes secondaires : les origines dialectales du français québécois selon les artisans de la Société du parler français au Canada
Authors: Remysen Wim
Published: October 2019

Cet article porte sur les recherches menées par la Société du parler français au Canada sur les origines dialectales du français québécois. Réalisées dans le but de réhabiliter certains canadianismes, pourfendus à l’époque par les puristes, ces recherches historiques ont été influencées en grande partie par les idées d’A. Rivard, son co-fondateur et principal artisan. En plus de présenter les idées qu’A. Rivard a développées à propos de la filiation entre le français québécois et les dialectes galloromans, l’article s’intéresse à la place accordée aux recherches historiques dans certaines publications, tant descriptives que normatives, de la Société.
Emma aime Gabriel : une grammaire transformationnelle
Authors: Silberztein Max
Published: October 2019

Cet article présente une grammaire qui décrit un ensemble de plusieurs milliards de phrases transformées de la phrase élémentaire Emma aime Gabriel . Cette grammaire formalisée peut être utilisée par la plateforme linguistique NooJ à la fois pour générer automatiquement toutes ces phrases mais aussi pour reconnaître et analyser automatiquement les phrases transformées à l’aide de séquences d’opérateurs transformationnels.
Wavefront Analysis of Higher Order Aberrations in Dry Eye Patients
Authors: Montés-Micó Robert , Cáliz Araceli , Alió Jorge L
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare ocular wavefront aberrations of normal and dry eyes and to describe the characteristics of higher order aberration in dry eyes.

METHODS: Wavefront analysis of higher order ocular aberrations (total S^sub 3+4+5^, spherical-like S
4
, coma-like S^sub 3+5^) was performed with a HartmannShack aberrometer in 20 dry eyes and 20 normal control eyes.

RESULTS: Total, spherical-like, and coma-like aberrations were significantly greater in dry eyes than in normal controls (P<.01) both for a 4-mm (total S^sub 3+4^: factor of 2.58; spherical S
4
: factor of 2.50; coma S
3
: factor of 2.70) and 6-mm-diameter pupil (S^sub 3+4+5^: factor of 2.29, S
4
: x2.53, and S^sub 3+5^: factor of 2.40).

CONCLUSIONS: Eyes of dry eye patients showed greater optical aberrations compared with normal control eyes. Increase in higher order aberrations in dry eyes resulted from increased tear film irregularity. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:243-247]
Well-posed final value problems and Duhamel's formula for coercive Lax–Milgram operators
Authors: Johnsen Jon
Published: October 2019

This paper treats parabolic final value problems generated by coercive Lax–Milgram operators, and well-posedness is proved for this large class. The result is obtained by means of an isomorphism between Hilbert spaces containing the data and solutions. Like for elliptic generators, the data space is the graph normed domain of an unbounded operator that maps final states to the corresponding initial states, and the resulting compatibility condition extends to the coercive context. Lax–Milgram operators in vector distribution spaces is the main framework, but the crucial tool that analytic semigroups always are invertible in the class of closed operators is extended to unbounded semigroups, and this is shown to yield a Duhamel formula for the Cauchy problems in the set-up. The final value heat conduction problem with the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition on a smooth open set is also proved to be well posed in the sense of Hadamard.
Child- and youth-friendly cities: How does and can crowdmapping support their development?
Authors: Hennig Sabine
Published: October 2019

To develop child- and youth-friendly cities, data on infrastructure relevant for this subgroup of society is an important asset. The data can be obtained by crowdmapping approaches like OpenStreetMap (OSM). Even though OSM is used for many purposes, the question is whether it is a valuable source of data on child- and youth-relevant urban infrastructure. And, if so, how OSM can support the call for child- and youth-friendly cities. This was examined in the Austrian city of Salzburg. Based on a specially created list of urban features, OSM was analyzed for tags that would be useful to describe the relevant elements and for data available on these elements. The results show that tags exist to describe the majority (80%) of the about 40 element types identified. Although OSM holds abundant data on the elements, data gaps exist. Comparing the OSM data to Open Government Data (OGD) revealed that both OSM and OGD, together deliver a more complete picture of the relevant elements. To increase young people’s contributions to OSM and to make better use of the potential of OSM (e.g. availability of child- and youth-specific information) the following measures are needed: increase OSM’s publicity, address their motivation to add data, support them in mapping, and build their spatial literacy skills.
L’intelligence de la pratique
Authors: Lantoine Jacques-Louis
Published: October 2019

Si chacun a le pouvoir de vivre selon la raison, comment se fait-il que si peu la suivent, alors même qu’un grand nombre s’en réclament ? Certains voient le meilleur, mais font le pire. D’autres font le pire en croyant qu’il est le meilleur. Tous font tout ce qu’ils peuvent, et se réjouissent finalement de ce qu’ils sont. La philosophie de Spinoza rend compte de ces paradoxes : toute puissance est en acte. Qui peut le plus s’efforce nécessairement de faire le plus et ne peut faire moins. Qui peut le moins fait le moins volontiers, sans pouvoir faire plus. Chacun est aussi parfait qu’il peut l’être, et agit de la façon dont il y est disposé, malgré lui mais de gré, si ce n’est de bon gré. Le concept de disposition, tel qu’il s’élabore dans l’Éthique, permet de saisir la pratique commune des hommes dans un cadre nécessitariste et actualiste, de l’inconstance affective à la régularité des coutumes, des obsessions passionnelles à l’éducation et à l’affranchissement de la servitude. L’existence humaine n’est pas une comédie, encore moins une tragédie. Avec Spinoza, il s’agit d’en produire l’intelligence.
Création plastique et performance chorégraphique d’une figure démoniaque (Bolivie)
Authors: Fléty Laura
Published: October 2019

Cet article s’intéresse à la création plastique et chorégraphique d’une performance appelée Diablada ou « danse des diables », exécutée lors de la fête célébrant le Christ protecteur de La Paz, en Bolivie. En analysant la construction d’une esthétique « démoniaque » qui caractérise cette danse dévotionnelle, il s’agit de mettre en lumière la manière dont celle-ci est modelée et négociée par différents acteurs, de l’artisan qui en fabrique la matière – masques et costumes – au danseur qui la met en mouvement. Comment, à partir d’une expérience culturellement organisée et codifiée, un collectif d’artisans et de dévots catholiques créent les valeurs morales et corporelles de cette danse ? Quelles représentations façonnent cette image contemporaine, en mouvement et en chair, du diable andin, où s’entremêlent le sacré et le charnel, le solennel et la satire, la monstruosité et la beauté ?
Tirana, fabrique inépuisable d’expérimentations urbaines. Patrimoine architectural moderne et art contemporain dans l’espace public albanais
Authors: Gallicchio Alessandro
Published: October 2019

Cette étude analyse le patrimoine architectural moderne du Boulevardi Dësmorët e Kombit, axe principal de la ville de Tirana, et ses récentes transformations, liées à un projet urbain qui tente de présenter la capitale albanaise comme un carrefour de l’Europe, lieu d’échange entre l’Est, le Proche-Orient et la rive sud de la Méditerranée. Dans la complexité de ce cadre, notre recherche se concentre principalement sur le palais du Premier ministre pour s’ouvrir ensuite à une lecture transversale des stratégies de valorisation politique et artistique promues par une figure importante de l’Albanie contemporaine : le Premier ministre et artiste Edi Rama. Le siège actuel des bureaux de ce dernier, projeté par l’architecte italien Gherardo Bosio sous l’occupation fasciste et transformé par le dictateur Enver Hoxha sous le régime communiste, accueille depuis 2015 une marquise de l’artiste contemporain français Philippe Parreno. L’installation, ainsi que les œuvres d’art public de Carsten Höller et de Sou Fujimoto, se positionnent dans un rapport compliqué au passé et au modèle hérité de la ville monumentale. L’analyse hétérochronique de ces relations, de même que les réactions qu’une telle « situation » provoque dans la société albanaise contemporaine, sont au cœur de cet article.
Swimming Upstream
Authors: Garmezy Lisa Berg
Published: October 2019

First responders maintain strong marriages in spite of the potential negative impact of multiple stressors including schedule conflicts, financial strain, and the threat of illness, disability, and death. Patterns of thought and behavior that are beneficial at work, such as vigilance, rapidly establishing control, and shutting off emotional responding cause problems at home, particularly when intensified by trauma. Excessive belief in a partner's heroism and the choice by some responders of dependent romantic partners cause other problems, as does the sometimes culturally sanctioned practice of coping through alcohol use or sexual encounters. Shifts in perspective that reframe common concerns more positively are offered. Departments are encouraged to increase efforts to support spouses and marriages, given the importance of close relationships to health.
Critical Incident Stress Management
Authors: Mitchell Jeffrey T.
Published: October 2019

This chapter provides a clear overview of a peer support program for first responders. The field of Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) was specifically developed to prepare emergency services personnel to psychologically manage significant traumatic events and to recover from the impact of psychological trauma. CISM services are based in the theoretical foundations of crisis intervention and CISM uses the lessons learned from the 150-year history of worldwide crisis intervention services. This chapter presents a history of crisis intervention that helps the reader to understand the core principles of crisis support. It then focuses on the numerous techniques that are incorporated into the Critical Incident Stress Management field. It summarizes key peer support procedures and practices. The chapter also describes the resiliency and the “AS IF” models that aid in the application of crisis intervention services. The chapter concludes with a summary of the evidence that supports CISM services.
Application and Integration of Psychological First Aid in First Responder Organizations
Authors: Brucia Emily F. , Cordova Matthew J. , Finestone Angelique , Ruzek Josef I.
Published: October 2019

First responders are exposed to many potentially traumatic events throughout their careers. Given the risk of adverse mental and physical health outcomes secondary to frequent trauma exposure, access to culturally-sensitive, evidence-informed early intervention is paramount. Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) and components therein (e.g., Critical Incident Stress Debriefing, peer support) represent the most commonly utilized early interventions within first responder organizations. Limited research has evaluated these models, and evaluation of early interventions presents many challenges due to characteristics of first responder cultures and organizational demands and constraints. Psychological First Aid (PFA) is a widely endorsed and promising evidence-informed early intervention model grounded in research on trauma recovery and resilience. This chapter examines the theoretical underpinnings and core actions of PFA and describes the potentially diverse applications of PFA within first responder organizations and concludes by discussing recommendations and future directions.
Evidence-Based Practices to Enhance First Responder Well-Being and Performance
Authors: Arble Eamonn Patrick , Arnetz Bengt B.
Published: October 2019

In this chapter, the authors draw upon a review of the empirical and theoretical literature, as well as their extensive experience developing interventions among law enforcement officers, to provide a commentary on the needs of first responder training. The chapter begins by outlining the need for intervention, highlighting the severe consequences experienced by first responders as a result of their occupational stressors. The chapter then offers a review of the potential structure and timing of first responder training. Finally, specific psychophysiological mechanisms to be targeted during training are reviewed, including summaries of the relevant evidence base supporting their utility.
Preparing Teachers to Formatively Assess
Authors: Boerst Timothy A. , Shaughnessy Meghan , DeFino Rosalie , Blunk Merrie , Farmer Susanna Owens , Pfaff Erin , Pynes D'Anna
Published: October 2019

To engage in formative assessment, preservice teachers (PSTs) need to develop skill with the practice of interpretation. The initial preparation of teachers would benefit from having a sense of the interpretation skills brought by PSTs to teacher preparation. We articulate the nature of interpreting as a teaching practice including: articulating inferences, sampling evidence, developing and applying guiding criteria, and monitoring and redressing bias and distortion. We use a teaching simulation to identify the assets of PSTs' initial interpretive skills and areas in which PSTs might need to reconsider and change. An investigation with a group of PSTs from one teacher education program suggests that many PSTs bring skills with making evidence-based interpretations about a student's process for solving a mathematics problem. However, their skills are much more limited for making interpretations about a student's understanding and have potential for bias and distortion. Implications for teacher education are discussed.
Learning the Parallelogram Area With Technology Supported by Formative Assessment
Authors: Santos Elvira Lázaro , Santos Leonor
Published: October 2019

This chapter presents an empirical investigation in which we developed formative assessment strategies with mathematical tasks using technology. The study is interpretative in nature, in a case study format. We designed assessment strategies in a collaborative work context, performed in a Mathematics classroom with 5th-grade students. Evidence shows that the use of peer assessment has had an impact on the learning of the parallelogram area with the help of the written feedback provided by their peers and the contact with the work of their colleagues, they managed to develop a conjecture for the parallelogram area.
Formative Assessment on Writing
Authors: Philippakos Zoi A. Traga , Moore Noreen S.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to address formative assessment in writing in the elementary grades, K to 5. The chapter will include the following sections: (a) An introduction that will present and explain assessment purposes with a clear description and explanation of formative assessment and its difference from summative assessment; (b) Common formative assessments used in writing and research that supports their effectiveness; (c) Principles of formative assessment and how those can be used with specific examples from classroom settings; (d) Recommendations for practice, and (e) Future research directions.
Incivility and Counterproductive Work Behavior
Authors: Hameed Zahid , Khan Ikram Ullah , Chudhery Muhammad Adnan Zahid , Ding Donghong
Published: October 2019

This research aims to extend the literature on stress by exploring the relationship between incivility and employees' counterproductive work behavior (CWB). We investigate the mediating role of psychological distress (PD) to understand the relationship of family and workplace incivility with CWB. The study also evaluates the moderation effect of emotional regulation between incivility and PD. Analysis of three-wave lagged data (N=328), collected from bank employees in Pakistan, indicates that PD mediates the effect of family and workplace incivility on CWB and emotional regulation moderates the effect of family and workplace incivility on PD. Our findings highlight the fact that emotional regulation and PD are important mechanisms in the incivility–CWB relationship. The inclusion of these two constructs is a key to understanding the relationships among family incivility, workplace incivility, and work-related outcomes. The paper concludes with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications.
Stress and Its Relationship to Leadership and a Healthy Workplace Culture
Authors: Ross David B. , Exposito Julie A. , Kennedy Tom
Published: October 2019

Every organization needs to be driven by effective leaders. In higher education, many leadership courses are designed to transfer knowledge and critical thinking. Other professional development workshops, seminars, and conferences in leadership also offer leadership training and development to assist individuals to understand human capital, and create an organization free from toxicity. A toxic working environment can lead to low morale, disruption in productivity and motivation, high rate of absenteeism, individuals using sick days when they are not sick, cause emotional and physical health issues, and even submitting derailed projects beyond deadlines. When there is an upsurge of stress in the workplace within employees and administrators, the organization will struggle. Negative information dynamics affect health and contribute to stress. Stress management capacity is the ability to manage stress and is vital in the prevention of a negative impact of stress. Stress management can be improved for leaders and organizations.
Spreading the Light of Knowledge
Authors: Jha Jatinder Kumar , Pandey Jatin
Published: October 2019

Given the strategic importance of knowledge in current competitive business environment, it becomes imperative to unfold the possible avenues to motivate the employees to share knowledge with fellow-members in the organization. The article investigates, mechanism of influence of job satisfaction on knowledge sharing behavior of Indian IT- professionals from the lens of social-exchange theory and Job demands-Resources (JD-R) model. A longitudinal study of 106 respondents from Indian IT firms indicates that job satisfaction directly and indirectly encourages the individual to share their knowledge. Specifically, the authors found trust in management and psychological safety mediated this relationship. Implications of their findings for practice and limitations of the study and directions for future research have also been discussed.
Communicating Archaeology
Authors: Proietti Enrico
Published: October 2019

This chapter is not an essay on the theory of communication, but an outline that flanks the main themes with those of the reality of archaeology in the era of globalization. It starts from an inescapable base, on which any other approach can be grafted: the physical-mathematical theory of communication. From here, after attention to various possible logical fallacies in which those who communicate archeology may encounter, cases are examined in the light of the media theories, established in the second half of the 20th century, that predicted the current computer-dominated situation. Finally, some shortcomings are identified which must be remedied to not compromise the effectiveness of communication in archaeology.
Heritage Awareness and Education in the Southern Gauteng Province, South Africa
Authors: Mudzamatira Witness
Published: October 2019

Heritage awareness and education in Africa is vital to heritage management. The knowledge of pre-colonial Stone Walled Structures (SWS) and Iron Age is an important element of South African history. Without awareness and education of both heritage managers and heritage stakeholders, SWS are at risk of destruction from development. This chapter reviews awareness and information dissemination techniques that can make people more aware of SWS in southern Gauteng Province. The results of the author's study revealed there are international best practices such as the use of information centres, education, and information technology tools that can apply in this study area.
Communicating Archaeology in a Social World
Authors: Caldarola Giovina , D'Eredità Astrid , Falcone Antonia , Lo Blundo Marina , Mancini Mattia
Published: October 2019

The chapter analyzes, through case history, the evolution of online communication in the cultural sector, which has been increasingly developing in recent years. The numerous online platforms available allow a potentially enormous diffusion of cultural contents and allow reaching a very wide audience. Even the archaeological sector has adapted to the new media, but creating a good strategy is often not a simple thing. The blogging platforms, associated with a good use of social media, allow you to practice the right communication of archaeological sites, museums, and places of culture, improving the knowledge and participation of the public, and above all countering the diffusion of fake news.
Imagined Archaeologies
Authors: Falcone Antonia , Giroldini Pierluigi
Published: October 2019

Indiana Jones and Lara Croft, but also Sharon Golban and Arturo Frantini, are characters narrating the multi-faceted job of the archaeologist, a great appeal to the public since the beginning of the cinema. The chapter understands the origins of this fascination, outlining the evolution of the character and his difficult relation with archaeologists in flesh and bones. A new typology of film archaeologists is proposed. Treasure hunters, academic researchers or field workers, cinema codified stereotypes that especially in the last 30 years have been analyzed, contested, or approved by scholars. Among quests, precious objects to be rescued, and characters loved by the great public, archaeology in cinema is sometimes in the background, but continues to have a prominent place in popular culture. Archaeologists should deal with this phenomenon to better understand the reception (or sometimes the distortion) of their work by the public.
Innovation, Value Creation, and Entrepreneurship by Opportunity
Authors: Castaño-Martínez María-Soledad
Published: October 2019

Technological progress is one of the main generators of increases in the production economy, involving the introduction of new products which, in turn, allows companies that carry out innovative actions to survive in the market. According to Schumpeter, innovation is an important source of value creation, improving growth in companies and economy. Thus, entrepreneurs introducing innovations in the market to take advantage of new business opportunities increase value creation, understood as the actions implemented to increase the value of goods and services created by enterprises. Likewise, the exploitation of these new opportunities that arises thanks to technological change are also largely conditioned by entrepreneurs' human capital, availability of financial resources, investment in research and development activities, expectations, and efficient business regulations.
Social Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development
Authors: de los Ríos-Sastre Susana , González-Sánchez Víctor M.
Published: October 2019

There is no doubt about the relevant role of social entrepreneurs as social transformers and there seems to be broad consensus on the factors that characterize it, such as: a sustainable social orientation, the intensive use of innovation, and the aim of creating social value. This chapter offers an updated vision of social entrepreneurship around the world, showing the main advances made in recent years and analyzing the main challenges and opportunities for the near future. It includes a reflection on the concept of social entrepreneurship, since today there's not a single definition of that term, and a review of the evidence on good practices in this field, which could serve as a model for future initiatives.
Social Media-Based Data Collection and Analysis in Educational Research
Authors: Huang Liuli
Published: October 2019

The past decades have brought many changes to education, including the role of social media in education. Social media data offer educational researchers first-hand insights into educational processes. This is different from most traditional and often obtrusive data collection methods (e.g., interviews and surveys). Many researchers have explored the role of social media in education, such as the value of social media in the classroom, the relationship between academic achievement and social media. However, the role of social media in educational research, including data collection and analysis from social media, has been examined to a far lesser degree. This study seeks to discuss the potential of social media for educational research. The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate the process of collecting and analyzing social media data through a pilot study of current math educational conditions.
Advancing Research in Game-Based Learning Assessment
Authors: Rowe Elizabeth , Asbell-Clarke Jodi , Bardar Erin , Almeda Ma. Victoria , Baker Ryan S. , Scruggs Richard , Gasca Santiago
Published: October 2019

Digital games provide engaging opportunities to support and assess implicit learning—the development of tacit knowledge and practices that may not be explicitly articulated by the learner. The assessment of implicit learning reveals learning not captured by traditional tests and may be critical to meet the needs of a broad range of neurodiverse learners. This chapter describes tools and methods designed to build implicit game-based learning assessment (GBLA), where research-grounded automated detectors identify implicit learning in gameplay. The detectors are based upon theoretical and empirical underpinnings, including extensive hand-labeling. The authors present a detailed overview of a six-step process for emergent GBLA, which has been applied and refined across multiple game-based learning studies. This chapter also includes a description of the data architecture and tools the authors designed and developed specifically for this approach.
Web-Based Data Collection for Educational Research
Authors: Tekinarslan Erkan , Gürer Melih Derya , Akayoğlu Sedat
Published: October 2019

Web-based surveys and web-based interviews are useful techniques to collect data through the web in educational research. In addition, web activities such as blogging, searching, and web mining have become quite convenient to collect and extract data from the web for research purposes. The purposes of this chapter are to describe and discuss techniques and tools for collecting and extracting data from the web for educational research purposes. First, a survey and a web-based or online survey are described and explained with examples. Second, web-based or online interviews, which are often similar to the face-to-face interview protocols are discussed and exemplified. After presenting the synchronous and asynchronous online interview tools, the selection criteria of the online interviewing tools are discussed. Lastly, this chapter describes and discusses web activities such as blogging, searching, and web mining to collect and extract data from the web.
Linguistic Analysis of Science Teachers' Narratives Using AntConc Software
Authors: Muchnik-Rozanov Yulia , Tsybulsky Dina
Published: October 2019

This chapter presents the linguistic analysis of science teachers' narratives regarding their worldviews in the digital age and their views of technology. The analysis was performed using Laurence Anthony's software AntConc, which is suitable for analyzing large data corpora. The language behavior of the following groups of teachers was analyzed by exploring three distinctive linguistic markers: personal pronouns to study participants' foci of attention; emotion words, to measure the extent of their emotional immersion in the discourse; and semantic fields of specific word collocations. The results, based on the variations in the language behavior, indicated differences between the three groups of teachers' worldviews. In addition, the examination of the degree of descriptive elaboration, expressed through the use of sense, motion, and exclusion words, revealed similar levels of truthfulness in all three groups. The linguistic analysis, enhanced by various computational linguistic technologies available through the AntConc software, made it possible to identify implicitly conveyed thoughts and feelings, thereby affording a better understanding of complex education-related processes and phenomena.
Data Visualization in Online Educational Research
Authors: Wen Xue , Wang Xuan
Published: October 2019

This chapter presents a general and practical guideline that is intended to introduce the traditional visualization methods (word clouds), and the advanced visualization methods including interactive visualization (heatmap matrix) and dynamic visualization (dashboard), which can be applied in quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods research. This chapter also presents the potentials of each visualization method for assisting researchers in choosing the most appropriate one in the web-based research study. Graduate students, educational researchers, and practitioners can contribute to take strengths from each visual analytical method to enhance the reach of significant research findings into the public sphere. By leveraging the novel visualization techniques used in the web-based research study, while staying true to the analytical methods of research design, graduate students, educational researchers, and practitioners will gain a broader understanding of big data and analytics for data use and representation in the field of education.
A Survey of Nature-Inspired Algorithms With Application to Well Placement Optimization
Authors: Islam Jahedul , Vasant Pandian M. , Negash Berihun Mamo , Laruccia Moacyr Bartholomeu , Myint Myo
Published: October 2019

Well placement optimization is one of the major challenging factors in the field development process in the oil and gas industry. This chapter aims to survey prominent metaheuristic techniques, which solve well the placement optimization problem. The well placement optimization problem is considered as high dimensional, discontinuous, and multi-model optimization problem. Moreover, the computational expenses further complicate the issue. Over the last decade, both gradient-based and gradient-free optimization methods were implemented. Gradient-free optimization, such as the particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithm, is implemented in this area. These optimization techniques are utilized as standalone or as the hybridization of optimization methods to maximize the economic factors. In this chapter, the authors survey the two most popular nature-inspired metaheuristic optimization techniques and their application to maximize the economic factors.
Bidirectional GRU-Based Attention Model for Kid-Specific URL Classification
Authors: R. Rajalakshmi , Tiwari Hans , Patel Jay , R. Rameshkannan , R. Karthik
Published: October 2019

The Gen Z kids highly rely on internet for various purposes like entertainment, sports, and school projects. There is a demand for parental control systems to monitor the children during their surfing time. Current web page classification approaches are not effective as handcrafted features are extracted from the web content and machine learning techniques are used that need domain knowledge. Hence, a deep learning approach is proposed to perform URL-based web page classification. As the URL is a short text, the model should learn to understand where the important information is present in the URL. The proposed system integrates the strength of attention mechanism with recurrent convolutional neural network for effective learning of context-aware URL features. This enhanced architecture improves the design of kids-relevant URL classification. By conducting various experiments on the benchmark collection Open Directory Project, it is shown that an accuracy of 0.8251 was achieved.
Classification of Fundus Images Using Neural Network Approach
Authors: Kadan Anoop Balakrishnan , Subbian Perumal Sankar , V. Jeyakrishnan , N. Hariharan , V. Roshini T. , Nath Sravani S.
Published: October 2019

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), which affects the blood vessels of the human retina, is considered to be the most serious complication prevalent among diabetic patients. If detected successfully at an early stage, the ophthalmologist would be able to treat the patients by advanced laser treatment to prevent total blindness. In this study, a technique based on morphological image processing and fuzzy logic to detect hard exudates from DR retinal images is explored. The proposed technique is to classify the eye by using a neural network approach (classifier) to predict whether it is affected or not. Here, a classifier is added before the fuzzy logic. This fuzzy will tell how much and where it is affected. The proposed technique will tell whether the eye is abnormal or normal.
Convolutional Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Thomas J. Joshua , Tran Tran Huu Ngoc , Lechuga Gilberto Pérez , Belaton Bahari
Published: October 2019

Applying deep learning to the pervasive graph data is significant because of the unique characteristics of graphs. Recently, substantial amounts of research efforts have been keen on this area, greatly advancing graph-analyzing techniques. In this study, the authors comprehensively review different kinds of deep learning methods applied to graphs. They discuss with existing literature into sub-components of two: graph convolutional networks, graph autoencoders, and recent trends including chemoinformatics research area including molecular fingerprints and drug discovery. They further experiment with variational autoencoder (VAE) analyze how these apply in drug target interaction (DTI) and applications with ephemeral outline on how they assist the drug discovery pipeline and discuss potential research directions.
Optimized Deep Learning System for Crop Health Classification Strategically Using Spatial and Temporal Data
Authors: Radhakrishnan Saravanan , Vijayarajan V.
Published: October 2019

Deep learning opens up a plethora of opportunities for academia and industry to invent new techniques to come up with modified or enhanced versions of standardized neural networks so that the customized technique is suitable for any specialized situations where the problem is about learning a complex mapping from the input to the output space. One such situation lies in a farm with huge cultivation area, where examining each of the plant for any anomalies is highly complex that it is impractical, if not impossible, for humans. In this chapter, the authors propose an optimized deep learning architectural model, combining various techniques in neural networks for a real-world application of deep learning in computer vision in precision farming. More precisely, thousands of crops are examined automatically and classified as healthy or unhealthy. The highlight of this architecture is the strategic usage of spatial and temporal features selectively so as to reduce the inference time.
Reliability Study of Polymers
Authors: Sachdeva Amit , Singh Pramod K.
Published: October 2019

The chapter deals with brief introduction to polymers, composites, and nanocomposites along with their reliability. When we talk about polymeric composites, the terms crystallinity and amorphicity play a very important role, and both of these properties are highly affected by variation in temperature condition. On increasing temperature, the crystalline domains of polymers tend to become amorphous, and as we reduce the temperature, crystalline domains tend to increase. So the reliability of a particular polymer is widely dependent on temperature conditions.
Nanocomposite-Based Humidity Sensor
Authors: Sharma Pardeep Kumar , Bhargava Cherry
Published: October 2019

A humidity sensor detects, measures, and reports the content of moisture in the air. Using low cost composite materials, a humidity sensor has been fabricated. The characterization has been done using various techniques to prove its surface morphology and working. The fabricated sensor detects relative humidity in the range of 15% to 65%. The life of the sensor has been calculated using different experimental and statistical methods. An expert system has been modeled using different artificial intelligence techniques that predict failure of the sensor. The failure prediction of fabricated sensor using Fuzzy Logic, ANN, and ANFIS are 81.4%, 97.4%, and 98.2% accurate, respectively. ANFIS technique proves to be the most accurate technique for prediction of reliability.
Autoethnography in Information Science Research
Authors: Lawal Vicki , Bitso Connie
Published: October 2019

This chapter examines the concept of autoethnography as a qualitative research method. It aims to investigate the critical question of the importance of autoethnography as a transformative scientific research method for the purpose of generating and sharing knowledge to advance research in information science. The chapter is an exploratory study investigating the current context of autoethnography in information science, its applicability to the field for transformative learning and knowledge sharing, and possible challenges to be experienced. Findings indicate the potential of the autoethnographic method to provide the opportunity for information professionals to study experiences of information use in diverse contexts of information science. Recommendations highlight the viability of the application of Sense Making theory and the Information Search Process (ISP) model to research practices in autoethnography by information scientists.
Shaping Policy and Practice in South Africa's Heritage Institutions Through Expert Opinion
Authors: Chisa Ken
Published: October 2019

This chapter seeks to ascertain whether the Delphi process can be effectively implemented to examine the extent to which policy and best practice pertaining to indigenous interests held in networked environments can address contestations regarding ownership. The chapter provides an overview of the Delphi research technique especially its design and administration. It also examines the possible bottlenecks which can undermine the proper application of the Delphi technique especially to indigenous knowledge research within the field of library and information science. Paying proper attention to these bottlenecks should ensure successful application of the method. The chapter concludes that the Delphi method can be a valid and reliable research technique in this field. The method has evolved as experience with it has accumulated, and its application to new areas of study continues to gain momentum.
Exploring the Integration of Indigenous Knowledge Into Public Library Services With an Inclusive Intent Using a Critical Theory Lens
Authors: Mhlongo Maned
Published: October 2019

Despite legislative and regulatory frameworks that have paved the way for transformation and inclusivity of public libraries in South Africa, there seems to be little or no integration of indigenous knowledge (IK). The exclusion of IK from public library services has potential to counteract efforts towards the provision of inclusive services. This chapter demonstrates how critical theory was used as a lens in a multiple case study that explored the integration of indigenous knowledge (IK) into services of public libraries in South Africa. Looking at the articulation of IK, services that are provided to ensure inclusivity, and issues that impact on IK integration in public libraries, semi-structured interviews were conducted from purposefully selected heads of provincial library services in South Africa. Thematic analysis was used. Using critical theory to frame the analysis, findings indicate understanding of aspects of IK including its oral nature. A paucity of engagement with IK as an aspect of inclusive service provision was noted.
Studying Medical Records Management in the Public Healthcare Sector of South Africa Using Multi-Method
Authors: Marutha Ngoako Solomon
Published: October 2019

This chapter reflects on the lesson learnt from the application of multi-methods in a quantitative study that was conducted to study patient record management in the public healthcare sector. In this study, a questionnaire was the main data collection tool, which was supported by interviews, observations, and document/system analysis data. In conducting the study, triangulation of multi-methods data was performed at different stages of the study. Currently there is no clear framework in social science research about the application of multi-method, mono-method, and mixed method research, which the study intends to clear. The study revealed that quantitative data need to be augmented with some narrative/qualitative data to make an empirical conclusion and recommendations because alone, it may not be completely reliable. Triangulation of multi-methods eliminates bias and closes some gaps where data leave some questions unanswered. The study provides a framework to guide on research method based on methods ingredients.
Integration in Mixed Methods Research Designs by Graduate Students at the University of Science and Technology
Authors: Pasipamire Notice
Published: October 2019

This chapter reports on a study that investigated how graduate students in the Faculty of Communication and Information Science at NUST were approaching integration in their mixed-methods research dissertations. There has been a concern that lack of expertise of what mixed-methods research is restricts the integrative capacity. Using a research synthesis method, the study investigated three graduate programmes, namely Master's degrees in Library and Information Science, Records and Archives Management, and Journalism and Media Studies from 2016 up to 2018. A total of 95 dissertations were reviewed, and 40 employed mixed-methods research design. It was discovered that integration was commonly done at methods and interpretation levels. Integration of qualitative and quantitative data sets resulted in confirmation (83), expanding understanding (27), and discordance (31). Graduate students dealt with discordant findings by either ignoring the discordance (20), seek corroboration with existing literature (7), or give priority to the quantitative strand (4).
Taking a Photograph With Your Student
Authors: Ocholla Dennis Ng'ong'
Published: October 2019

In this chapter, the author highlights why scholars publish, explores the nature and size of LIS theses and dissertations originating from South Africa, discusses their publication output, explores how to publish from dissertations/theses, and discusses the challenges and opportunities of engaging in such publications by using largely personal experience and desk research. The author concludes that successful publication from theses and dissertations calls for significant support for and mentorship of novice researchers by research supervisors, experienced peers, and established researchers, and this requires a great deal of collaboration and patience. He also argues that publishing research results, such as dissertations/theses in a credible scholarly journal or book, symbolizes quality research output.
Media Literacy and Framing of Media Content
Authors: Akmese Zuhal
Published: October 2019

Communication is one of the areas most affected by technological developments. This change in the field of communication affects society in all its dimensions. Today, the media, which has become a force that affects, changes, and transforms social life in a serious way, is one of the most important elements of socialization. Media literacy is an extremely important concept to understand the functioning and policies of media institutions to ensure that individuals are not exposed to the manipulative effects of media production and to be able to analyze media content accurately. This study focuses on how media content is framed by addressing media and media literacy from a holistic perspective and emphasizes the importance of media literacy in analyzing these frameworks. In this context, the concept of media literacy is discussed in detail and how a sample news about media production is constructed in the context of critical media literacy is analyzed by the method of framing analysis.