bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constructing an efficient ZnCo2O4/ZnIn2S4 composite with boosted visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Yang Qianqian , Xu Yifei , Xue Xiaodong , Zhang Ning , Feng Rui , Sun Meng , Yan Tao , Yan Liangguo
Published: August 2022

Herein, a novel ZnCo2O4/ZnIn2S4 composite was prepared through a novel one-pot refluxing wet chemistry process successfully. The phase structure, micro morphology and optical properties of photocatalyst were analyzed through XRD, SEM, XPS
and UV-vis spectroscopy. The photocatalysis of the prepared specimens were assessed by the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution with visible-light (λ > 420 nm). Consequently, the ZnCo2O4/ZnIn2S4 photocatalyst displayed better photocatalysis
than the original constituents for hydrogen evolution. Moreover, the corresponding maximized hydrogen production rate of ZnCo2O4/ZnIn2S4 composite loaded with 15% ZnCo2O4 was 3713.4 μmol · h−1
· g−1, which registered approximately 10.2 folds higher than pristine ZnIn2S4. Moreover, the ZnCo2O4/ZnIn2S4 composite manifested superior stability during the photocatalytic reactions. In addition, the
underlying mechanism for the outstanding performance of hydrogen production was revealed as well. This research offers inspiration for the rational creation of high-efficiency photocatalytic agents for hydrogen evolution.
Establishing a three-dimensional culture model of adenovirus using nanoself-assembling peptide KLD-12 hydrogels as scaffolds to evaluate the antiviral effects of IFNα2b
Authors: Ao Di-Shu , Xu Yun-e , Xin-Sun  , Cheng Hui-Fang , Li Heng-Mei , Yu Xian , Peng Feng-Li , Qiao Jun-Hua , Gao Lu-Yao , Zhou Yan-Meng , Wang Sheng-Yu , Song Hong
Published: August 2022

Viral infectious diseases seriously threaten human health. At present, the prevention and treatment of viral diseases depends primarily on vaccines and drugs. Commonly used research method include animal models or simple traditional two-dimensional (2D) isolation culture, but 2D cell
behaviour is different from the human physiological microenvironment. Therefore, a new model that can simulate the human microenvironment is needed. Here, the nanoself-assembled peptide KLD-12 was used as a culture scaffold for 293T cells in threedimensional (3D) adenovirus culture. As a new
3D virus culture model, it simulates in vivo virus infection, and the model can produce infectious particles. In addition, the antiviral drug sensitivity between the 3D and 2D cultures was significantly different. We established a 3D adenovirus culture model that can be used for adenovirus
proliferation and antiviral drug screening, as well as for gene therapy, vaccine research and other research. Additionally, it can partially replace animal models.
An investigation of flexural and compressive strengths of fly ash coarse aggregate concrete beams
Authors: Jayapal Nagaraj , Palanisamy Chandrasekar , Sanmugam Anandhavelu
Published: August 2022

Fly ash is a great cement alternative that may be utilized in the cement manufacturing process or as a separate addition at the batching plant during ready-mix concrete production on-site or at a ready-mix concrete facility. As a by-product, India’s 85 thermal power plants produce
a massive amount of Fly ash (140 million tonnes per year), almost equalling the annual cement output. Fly ash is dumped in open fields, causing ecological and environmental issues. In this case, three considerations—environmental safety, energy savings, and the intrinsic benefits of
using Fly ash—necessitate a thorough examination of the implications of using Fly ash in concrete construction by the construction industry. Thus, there is a lot of interest in using fly ash in concrete, which is reflected in the concrete industry’s current growth. As a result,
the focus of this work is on an experimental investigation of the characteristics of fly-ash concrete. The flexural behaviour of fly ash concrete beams with and without reinforcing is the subject of this study. The prepared fly ash concrete beams surface morphology and porous of materials
was analyzed by SEM and by XRD analysis. Fewer than two point loads, all beams have the same dimensions. Fly ash aggregate concrete has higher Ultimate load, Energy absorption potential, and Deflection values than ordinary concrete, according to the results of the experiment. The crack value
is calculated as same.
Comparative Analysis of Extreme Drought Events and Social Impacts in Henan Province during the Middle Ming Dynasty
Authors: Tian Fangyu , Chen Xudong , Su Yun
Published: August 2022

The analysis of historical climate change events can deepen the understanding of climate impacts and provide historical examples of coping with extreme events like drought. The data from historical records on droughts and famines were collected during the Chenghua drought (AD 1483–85), Jiajing drought (AD 1527–29), and Wanli drought (AD 1584–89) in Henan Province in the middle Ming Dynasty. Based on this, the average drought index (ADI), average famine index (AFI) and the average social regulation index (ASRI) were defined to quantitatively explore the differences in the social impacts of extreme droughts. The results were as follows: 1) As for ADI, the Wanli drought was the most severe (1.59), followed by the Jiajing drought (1.21) and the Chenghua drought (1.02). In terms of AFI, the famine conditions were the most severe during the Jiajing drought (0.43), followed by Chenghua drought (0.30) and the Wanli drought (0.15). 2) The ASRI values in the Chenghua drought, Jiajing drought, and Wanli drought were 3.90, 3.90, and 4.54, respectively. It could be concluded society showed the highest social regulation ability during the Wanli drought and showed the same level of the two other droughts. However, for the key years, the social regulation ability of the Jiajing drought was higher than that of Chenghua drought, especially in the alleviation of low-grade drought. 3) From historical documents, the progress of agricultural technology, the progress of famine relief policy, and the change in relief supplies greatly improved the social ability to cope with the extreme drought events.

Significance Statement

The analysis of extreme drought events in the past is important for understanding the interactions between human activities and natural variability, and its impact on society, economy, and even politics. Our goal is to explore the changes of ability to cope with extreme droughts through the statistical relationship of drought and famine in the three extreme drought events in Henan during the middle Ming Dynasty. The results showed that the social regulation ability of Henan to cope with extreme drought was significantly strengthened. Progress in agriculture and famine policy, and so on, had an important role in promoting the development of social regulation ability. How to improve the quantitative method for the social regulation by social impacts requires further research.
Density Altitude: Climatology of Daily Maximum Values and Evaluation of Approximations for General Aviation
Authors: Halperin Daniel J. , Guinn Thomas A. , Strazzo Sarah E. , Thomas Robert L.
Published: August 2022

Density altitude (DA) is an aviation parameter that helps determine specific aircraft performance characteristics for the expected atmospheric conditions. However, there are currently no detailed graphical tools for general aviation (GA) pilot education demonstrating the spatial and temporal variation of DA to help improve situational awareness. In this study, the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate (ERA5) dataset is used to construct a 30-yr monthly climatology of DA for the conterminous United States. Several DA characteristics are also investigated, including the effect of humidity on DA, the determination of reasonable worst-case conditions, and the applicability of two DA rules of thumb (ROTs). Maximum values of DA (worst aircraft performance) occur during July, reaching 3600 m over areas with high surface elevations. Humidity, while tertiary to the effects of temperature and pressure, causes the DA to increase from their dry values by more than 140 m as far north as the U.S.-Canada border. The dry DA ROT performs well for all conditions outside of strong tropical cyclones, where GA flights would not be expected. The ROT to correct for the effects of humidity performs well except in high elevations or when the dewpoint temperatures fall outside the applicable range of ≥5°C. When applied outside this range, in some situations, DA errors can be greater than if no humidity correction were applied. Therefore, a new ROT to correct for humidity is introduced here that extends the applicable dewpoint temperature range to ≥−28°C and reduces errors in estimated DA.

Significance Statement

The impacts of density altitude on aircraft performance have led to numerous general aviation (GA) accidents. This study helps GA pilots better understand the spatial and temporal variability in density altitude, thereby increasing their situational awareness during flight planning. This study also evaluates commonly used approximations to estimate density altitude, so pilots can understand the situations where these approximations are (in)applicable. Results suggest the need for a humidity correction approximation when dewpoint temperatures are <5°C, which is introduced in this study.
Evaluating Operator Training Performance Using Recurrence Quantification Analysis of Autocorrelation Transformed Eye Gaze Data
Authors: Veerabhadrappa Rakesh , Hettiarachchi Imali T. , Hanoun Samer , Jia Dawei , Hosking Simon G. , Bhatti Asim
Published: August 2022

Objective

This research aimed to investigate the relationship between gaze behaviour dynamics and operator performance.

Background

Individuals differ in their approach when learning a new task often resulting in performance disparity. During training some individuals learn the structure and dynamics of the task and develop a systematic approach, whereas others may achieve the same result albeit with increased perceived workload, or indeed some may fail to achieve superior performance levels. Previous research has shown that comparing gaze of experts with novices can provide unique insights into cognitive functioning of superior performers.

Methods

Twenty-five individuals participated in a computer-based simulation task. The concept of coefficient of variation (CoV) of task scores was used to compute the participants’ consistency of performance. Based on CoV, the cohort was split into two performance categories. The temporal patterns in participants gaze data were transformed using autocorrelation, and recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) was employed to analyse and quantify the patterns.

Results

A Mann–Whitney U analysis demonstrated significantly ( p < .01) higher determinism, entropy and laminarity in the superior group compared to the moderate group. Pearson’s correlation revealed a significant ( p < .01) negative correlation between the consistency of task performance (CoV) and the RQA measures.

Conclusion

The results demonstrated that eye gaze dynamics can be used as an objective measure of performance. Participants classified as superior performers consistently demonstrated a systematic gaze activity which were in line with the task structure.

Application

The methods presented here are applicable to observe and evaluate operators’ strategic distribution of gaze. Specifically, for tactical monitoring and decision making in task environments where spatial locations of elements-of-interest vary continuously.
A Systematic Review of Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing Assisted Dying: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis of Professionals’ Perspectives
Authors: Byrnes Eric , Ross Alasdair Iain , Murphy Mike
Published: August 2022

Assisted dying is a divisive topic and draws both lamenting and approving commentary from political, medical, legal, and philosophical domains. This systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis aims to identify the factors that healthcare professionals experience when working within assisted dying frameworks. PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. Search results yielded 15,426 papers with 39 papers meeting inclusion criteria for this review. Remaining papers were subjected to critical appraisal and a thematic synthesis. Eight themes fell under the domain of ‘barrier’ and represented different personal and professional factors that hinder professionals from delivering assisted dying healthcare. Five themes came under the domain of ‘facilitators’ and represent factors that contribute to the smooth implementation and delivery of assisted dying services. Health professionals experience a range of factors that both impede and propel delivery of assisted dying frameworks.
The application of applied category theory to quantify mission success
Authors: Garrett Robert K , Fairbanks James P , Loper Margaret L , Moreland James D
Published: August 2022

Mission engineering is the quantification of the effects applied by a system of systems to achieve measurable desired results. The execution of the mission is defined by a mission thread; that is the sequence of actions/processes executed by elemental systems. The domain of complex missions has been described as “wicked” because traditional military and space program-based systems engineering practices fail due to a lack of discrete phases, a dependence on context, and the non-uniqueness of a “good-enough” mission thread. Wicked problems also tend to be unstructured (non-hierarchical) with no centralized control and do not lend themselves to linear step-by-step processes. Wicked problems are inherently uncertain leading to the broader issue of trust across a mission knowledge base, and any mission level analyses. Wicked problems are also characterized and challenged by combinatoric complexity. Mission success is primarily driven by the interrelationships between systems and not just by the individual systems themselves. The success of mission engineering will require an iterative approach of modeling, simulation, and analysis resulting in a continuous reduction in uncertainty and refinement in the topology of the mission thread. OODA-based decomposition of mission threads focused on Boyd’s Orient function provides focus on system interrelationships. Trust provides decision-maker confidence in the results that has proved elusive to traditional validation approaches. The approach described in this paper is based upon using applied category theory as a basis for building mission threads, mission models, data stores, and integrating simulation ensembles.
Classification of waste cotton from different countries using the near-infrared technique
Authors: Zhou Chengfeng , Dong Junzhe , Zhang Shoubin , Zhang Qingjian , Wang Ming , Zheng Lisha , Han Guangting , Jiang Wei
Published: August 2022

Cotton fiber is mainly composed of cellulose, which is rarely separated into different kinds. However, the classification and identification of waste cotton from different countries are essential for the customs service of the country. In this study, the near-infrared classification method was introduced to classify and identify cotton fibers. Waste cotton samples from six different countries were collected, and one-fifth of them were used for validation. The near-infrared calibration and prediction models were constructed using both soft independent modeling of class analogy and partial least squares methods. It was found that the optimized model has a high recognition rate, and the prediction accuracy of the model was 99% for six countries. It was demonstrated that the near-infrared model established in this study can be used for fast and accurate identification of waste cotton from different countries.
Adjudicating Competing Theories: Does Civilian Control Over the Military Decrease Conflict?
Authors: Gonzalez Edward
Published: August 2022

What explains variation in the propensity for conflict involvement and initiation among states? In the study of international security, a debate remains between those who argue stronger civilian control of the military lowers the likelihood of interstate conflict, and those who argue that states with stronger civilian control over the military will be more conflict-prone. This article adjudicates between these competing theories through the use of a newly published measure of civilian control over the military. The theory is tested via Poisson regression using a large-N country-year data set. Ultimately, the results support theories of military restraint, showing that states with stronger civilian control over the military are more conflict-prone than states with weaker civilian control of the military. The article contributes to our understanding of war and interstate conflict and the study of civil–military relations by showing that increased civilian control increases the likelihood of interstate conflict.
The Collectivist Legacy and Agrarian Development in China since 1978
Authors: Gürel Burak
Published: August 2022

This article contributes to the study of the collectivist legacy in Chinese agriculture after 1978 by making five main arguments. First, it demonstrates that the construction of a robust agricultural infrastructure in the collective era enabled the government of the reform era to reduce its infrastructural spending without harming agricultural productivity in the 1980s. Second, village administrations were heavily involved in farm organization in the same period. Third, the collective-era legacy of labor mobilization was relatively strong until the early 2000s. Fourth, the degree of local self-financing remained significant until the abolition of the agricultural tax in 2006. Finally, although the “one project, one discussion” 一事一议 reform of 2008 has failed to raise a significant amount of labor and funds from villagers on a voluntary basis, it nevertheless shows that collective mobilization of labor and financial resources has not been entirely forgotten and continues to inform Chinese agrarian policy to a certain extent.
Dynamic event-triggered H∞ filtering for discrete-time singular networked control system subject to cyberattacks
Authors: Xu Qiyi , Ge Linshuai
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates the event-triggered filtering problem for the discrete-time singular networked control systems (DSNCS) with random cyberattacks. To more effectively utilize the limited network resource, a new dynamic event-triggered mechanism is proposed, which can effectively reduce network information transmission and save bandwidth on the premise of ensuring system performance. By considering the effect of the event-triggered mechanism and two types of cyberattacks, the filtering error system model has been constructed. Two independent random variables obeying the Bernoulli distribution are introduced to describe the two types of cyberattacks. Sufficient conditions that can guarantee the admissibility of the filtering error system have been developed with Lyapunov stability theory and LMIs techniques. Moreover, the co-design method is present in terms of LMIs to derive the parameters of dynamic event-triggered mechanism and the designed [Formula: see text] filter synchronously. Finally, an illustrative example is employed to verify the usefulness of the proposed method.
Integrated navigation system (INS/auxiliary sensor) based on adaptive robust Kalman filter with partial measurements
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Mostafa , Ranjbar Noei Abolfazl , Sadati Rostami Seyed Jalil
Published: August 2022

Inertial navigation system (INS) is the most common positioning system in the underwater vehicle due to the limitations of penetration of the global navigation system. Amendment of INS cumulative error is made possible using data of auxiliary sensors such as Doppler velocity log (DVL). Due to the environmental conditions of the seabed, access to full DVL beams is impractical. Moreover, the statistical characteristics of measuring noise are unknown. These dramatically reduce the performance of the navigation system. Therefore, a loosely coupled (LC) approach is used to fuse partial DVL measurements in this study. This approach benefits from a virtual beam containing the velocity obtained in the last INS step instead of inaccessible DVL beams. To deal with the unknown statistical characteristics of the measurement and the limitations of access to DVL beams, an adaptive robust Kalman filter (ARKF) based on the Huber cost function is proposed. The performance of the proposed integrated navigation system for a remotely operated vehicle is investigated in the presence of observation noise and outliers. Results show that the proposed ARKF is robust against vigorous maneuvers, improves the estimation accuracy effectively, and can effectively reject measurement outliers.
A case of giant nasal septal angiomyolipoma
Authors: Liu Dong , An Fengxian , Li Maocai , Li Lianqing , Gong Lili , Liu Xia , Liu Fuxing
Published: August 2022

Angiomyolipoma is an extremely rare, benign mesenchymal tumor of the nasal cavity, primarily common in the kidney and secondarily common in the liver. According to the author’s knowledge, no cases of angiomyolipoma of the nasal septum have been identified to date. We report a case of a patient with a giant angiomyolipoma at the posterior end of the nasal septum who recovered after surgery without any complication.
The Intersection of Preparation and Practice: School Leadership Learning Through Simulation
Authors: Bailey Jennifer , Kaiser Forrest , Thomas Christopher , Dillingham Scott , Norwood Daniel , Smith Nikia , Brown Arthur
Published: August 2022

Recent reports indicate the national principal attrition rate is at an all-time high. Scholars suggest a lack of responsive professional development as a leading factor in why principals leave the field. Further, the pandemic has exposed daily uncertainties for school leaders as they navigate new territory, bringing forth new considerations in how to best support their immediate needs and continued growth. While research shows that other fields, like healthcare and law enforcement, have utilized live and digital simulations for practitioners in technical skill development and responsive training, educational leadership has predominantly utilized passive simulation practice, like in-basket activities or role-playing during preparation programs. This article explores the current research regarding leadership development, providing context for the potential impact of simulation practice as a targeted professional development method that may extend beyond pre-service preparation and continue as learning pathways for in-service school leaders.
Mortality and cost of post-cardiotomy extracorporeal support in the United States
Authors: Kakuturu Jahnavi , Dhamija Ankit , Chan Ernest , Lagazzi Luigi , Thibault Dylan , Badhwar Vinay , Hayanga J W A
Published: August 2022

Background

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used increasingly for cardiopulmonary rescue. Despite recent advances however, post-cardiotomy shock (PCS)-ECMO survival remains comparatively poor. We sought to evaluate outcomes and define factors that predict in-hospital mortality.

Methods

We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to evaluate adult hospitalizations with a primary procedure code for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and/or valve procedures performed between 2013 and 2018, which also required post cardiotomy ECMO support. Patient-related factors and hospital costs were evaluated to identify those associated with in-hospital mortality.

Results

There were 1,247,835 admissions for cardiac surgical procedures during the study period. Post-cardiotomy shock-ECMO support was provided in 4475 (0.3%) within the study cohort. A total of 2000 (44.7%) hospitalizations involved isolated valvular procedures, 1700 (38.0%) isolated CABG, and 775 (17.3%) involved a combination of both. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 42.1% ( n = 1880). Factors significantly associated with in-hospital mortality included patients with multiple comorbidities (> 7) and those undergoing combination of valve and CABG procedures. Only 26.6% of those who survived to discharge, were discharged home independently.

Conclusion

Survival to independent home discharge is rare following PCS-ECMO. Its high mortality is associated with multiple comorbidities and combination of CABG and valve surgery.
Response to pre-dilatation with POBA can predict target lesion revascularization after DCB angioplasty for de novo small coronary artery lesions
Authors: Takamura Taka-aki , Kawai Yasuyuki , Akita Satori , Oda Minako , Akao Hironobu , Nakagawa Tohru , Takama Shunsuke , Tsuchiya Taketsugu , Kitayama Michihiko , Kajinami Kouji
Published: August 2022

Objective

To assess the determinants of target lesion revascularization (TLR) after drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty for de novo small coronary artery lesions.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled consecutive lesions from patients that were in a stable condition and had undergone successful DCB treatment for de novo small coronary artery lesions. The study endpoint was TLR and major adverse cardiac events at 12 months.

Results

A total of 68 patients with 83 lesions were enrolled in the study. Of these, 11 (13.3%) lesions required TLR. Mean ± SD pre-dilatation balloon diameters were similar in the non-TLR (2.33 ± 0.72 mm) and TLR (2.18 ± 0.36 mm) groups. A comparison of the two groups showed that post/pre-lumen area ratio during pre-dilatation (%) by plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) was significantly and negatively associated with TLR and the optimal cut-off point was 170%. Cox proportional hazard and multivariate regression analyses showed that post/pre-lumen area ratio was the only independent predictor of TLR (hazard ratio 0.9318; 95% confidence interval 0.9001, 0.9645).

Conclusion

Greater pre-dilatation using POBA, assessed as the post/pre-lumen area ratio, may be independently associated with a lower 12-month TLR rate in patients undergoing DCB angioplasty for de novo small coronary lesions.
The Real Value of Fake Internet Points: Networked Social Likes, Life Satisfaction, and Loneliness
Authors: Bouchillon Brandon C.
Published: August 2022

The potential for being “liked” on social networking sites to increase life satisfaction and reduce loneliness was tested in a nationally representative web survey and again over time. The initial sample was matched to U.S. Census percentages for sex, race, ethnicity, age, and region of residence in October of 2019 ( N = 1250). A smaller group of respondents was surveyed in January and April of 2020, with the final wave occurring after the COVID-19 pandemic had begun ( N = 665). Results suggest that having posts liked on sites including Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram contributes to life satisfaction, and life satisfaction mediates the influence of networked social likes on loneliness. Digital demonstrations of social support relate to thinking life is good, which can diminish perceived isolation. This was true in the lead-up to the pandemic, and in the midst of it, with social likes reducing loneliness by first increasing one’s sense of cognitive well-being.
Gaseous cavitation characteristics of high-speed hydraulic electric motor-pump based on centrifugal pressurization: A numerical study
Authors: Fei Sun , Hong Ji , Qianpeng Chen , Shengqing Yang
Published: August 2022

Hydraulic electric motor-pump is an integrated hydraulic power unit, raising rotational speed will further increase its power density. However, gaseous cavitation at high speed is the primary problem to be solved. In the present study, a new but simple centrifugal pressurization structure that integrated with the hollow shaft of hydraulic electric motor-pump was proposed to increase the inlet pressure of conjugated straight-line internal gear pump, and then to suppress gaseous cavitation at high speed. The numerical simulation is the main means of this work to investigate the gaseous cavitation characteristics of high-speed hydraulic electric motor-pump. In addition, a common conjugated straight-line internal gear pump model was developed as a reference to evaluate the pressurization effect of centrifugal tubes in terms of gas volume fraction. The simulation results present that compared with the significant increase of the suction chamber pressure of conjugated straight-line internal gear pump due to increasing the inclined angle of centrifugal tubes, the blocking effect of its inside wall to the fluid flow can be ignored. Under the same gas volume fraction in rotating volume, the rotational speed of hydraulic electric motor-pump is much higher than conjugated straight-line internal gear pump due to the pressurization effect of centrifugal tubes. On the premise of no obvious gaseous cavitation of centrifugal tubes, the recommended speed of hydraulic electric motor-pump is up to 13,000 r/min.
Two Roads Converge: The Interchange Between the Mental Health and Legal Discourses in Sexual Assault Trials
Authors: Cohen Inbar , Gal Tali , Enosh Guy
Published: August 2022

Disciplinary differences between mental health and legal discourses limit the implementation of mental health knowledge (MHK) in legal proceedings. This study examined the interchange between these discourses, focusing on sexual assault cases that required testimonies of mental health expert witnesses (MHEWs) in Israel. 42 multi-perspective interviews including 16 MHEWs and 26 legal practitioners were analyzed using critical discourse analysis. Participants’ statements relayed three depictions of the interchange between mental health and legal discourses: a dichotomized one, which regards both discourses as incompatible; a tactical one, which regards MHK as beneficial when serving legal interests; and a radical one, which regards MHK as imperative to legal discretion, placing therapeutic considerations ahead of legal ones. The study provides a first empirical analysis of the law-mental-health interchange. In particular, it identifies an emerging practice of therapeutic-legal ("theralegal") discretion, which reflects an understanding that legal considerations alone cannot address complex criminal legal issues.
Relationship Between Frailty, Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics, and Disease Severity of Older Adults With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Gonçalves Alexia Louisie Pontes , Grisante Daiane Lopes , Silva Renan Alves , Santos Vinicius Batista , Lopes Camila Takao
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between frailty, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and disease severity of older adults with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). A total of 57 hospitalized patients ≥60 years with ACS were assessed for frailty through the Tilburg Frailty Indicator. Disease severity was assessed by the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events, by the maximum troponin level, and by the number of severely obstructed coronary arteries. The relationship between variables was assessed by Mann Whitney’s test, Pearson’s chi-square test, likelihood-ratio test, Fisher’s exact test, or Student’s t test. Analyses were bootstrapped to 1,000 to reduce potential sample bias. About 54.4% were frail. Frailty was associated with ethnicity ( p = .02), marital status ( p = .05), ischemic equivalents ( p = .01), self-perceived health ( p = .002), arthritis/rheumatism/arthrosis ( p = .002), and number of severely obstructed coronary arteries ( p = .05). These relationships can support intensified surveillance planning for the elderly at greatest risk, structuring of transitional care, appropriate nurse-coordinated secondary prevention delivery in primary care, and cardiac rehabilitation following ACS.
Longing as Method: A Rant on Yearnings for Our World, Academia, and Utopian Futurities Beyond Liberalism(s)
Authors: Berbary Lisbeth A. , Mohamed Lauren A.
Published: August 2022

Together we found ourselves discussing current moments of racialized formations, pandemic practices, academic policing, equity projects (equity, diversity, and inclusion [EDI] initiatives), and our use, among it all. Like Adrienne Maree Brown, we were “formulating [our] critique of the ways that social justice movements have felt, and where [our] longing for something else was strongest” (2017, p. 44). This article, therefore, used longing as method for unearthing those embodied yearnings that arose within us against discontents, empty promises, and institutional lackings toward useful questionings, hope-full cravings, and progressive desires for more just futurities for our world(s), academies, and utopias beyond. In conversation with various radical thinkactors, this rant traces our longings as method for considering something otherwise. We begin with, and continually revisit, a question triggered by our readings of Ahmed: what is our use?
Finding agency in limbo: A qualitative investigation into the impact of occupational engagement on the mental health and wellbeing of asylum seekers in the UK
Authors: Moore Temple , Burgess Rochelle Ann , Katona Cornelius
Published: August 2022

The process of seeking asylum is complex and often leads to extended periods of uncertainty and liminality for people awaiting decisions on their status. Occupational engagement—defined as meaningful activities and roles that bring purpose and agency to one's life—may be a key driver for mental health recovery for marginalized populations, including asylum seekers with traumatic experiences pre- and post-migration. This study aimed to clarify how occupational engagement impacts on mental health and wellbeing and how asylum seekers maintain engagement in occupation in the context of socio-political constraints of the asylum process. We explored the occupational experiences of 12 clients of one human-rights charity, utilizing community-based participatory research methods. Participants completed group mapping sessions where they depicted routine journeys taken to perform occupations in London, which included discussion around the significance of their journeys. Four participants also completed additional “walking maps”—semi-structured interviews which occurred along a selected “occupational journey” they identified as meaningful to their wellbeing. All data were analyzed using thematic network analysis. Findings revealed that engagement in routine occupations within safe, social spaces positively affects the mental wellbeing of asylum seekers by promoting competence, agency, and feelings of belonging. The liminal space of the asylum process meant that participants’ occupational engagement was limited to ‘leisure’ activities but was still critical to establishing forms of agency associated with their wellbeing. Implications for programs and interventions responding to the needs of asylum seekers are discussed.
New speakers and language change in Diné Bizaad (Navajo)
Authors: Palakurthy Kayla
Published: August 2022

Aims and objectives:

This paper analyzes the extent to which new speakers are participating in an ongoing phonological change in Diné Bizaad (Navajo). The implications of these patterns are discussed as they relate to theories of new speakers and language change.

Methodology design:

I apply a variationist methodology to analyze the pronunciation of lateral affricates from speakers representing different generations and language learning contexts. I focus on comparing new speakers, who report acquiring the language primarily through school or in a language program, with their age-equivalent peers.

Data and analysis:

The data come from interviews recorded with 51 bilingual Diné Bizaad-English participants, ages 18–75. This includes four new speakers. The analysis focuses on variation in the lateral affricates in connected speech samples and an oral translation task.

Findings/conclusion:

Results reveal that new speakers diverge from other younger participants in their lack of participation in an ongoing change in the affricates. Instead, new speakers more closely resemble middle-aged and older speakers.

Originality:

This study applies the new speaker framework to an Indigenous North American language, an under-represented sociolinguistic context within the literature. These findings provide a counterexample to the more frequent finding of new speakers linguistically diverging from older, traditional speakers.

Significance/implications:

These results are interpreted as arising due to literacy practices, language usage networks, and community values. The orthographic representation of the affricates is thought to inhibit sound change. At the same time, due to their more formal language learning background, new speakers have developed a self-monitored speech style oriented toward the prestigious, older speakers. A lack of peer group language usage is thought to prevent the development of linguistically or ideologically distinct new speaker varieties. The confluence of these factors means that instead of constituting agents of language change, new speakers are more similar to older participants.
Workplace wellbeing among LGBTQ+ Australians: Exploring diversity within diversity
Authors: Donaghy Madeline , Perales Francisco
Published: August 2022

A wealth of research documents disparities in workplace outcomes between cisgender heterosexual employees and LGBTQ+ employees. However, few studies have examined how workplace wellbeing may differ among different subgroups within the LGBTQ+ umbrella – that is, the notion of ‘diversity within diversity’. The current study fills this gap in knowledge by theorising and testing differences in workplace wellbeing across nuanced sexual- and gender-identity groups. To accomplish this, we use unique survey data from the 2020 Australian Workplace Equality Index (AWEI) Employee Survey ( n = 5270 respondents and 146 organisations) and random-intercept multilevel regression models. Our results reveal significant differences in workplace wellbeing between different diversity groups. For example, LGBTQ+ employees identifying as gay/lesbian and as cisgender men generally report better outcomes than employees identifying with other minority identities. Overall, our findings call for workplace equity policies that target stigma towards plurisexual, gender non-conforming, and smaller and more invisible diversity groups.
Trends in the interest in COVID-19 news of the local media and their readers: The case of Spain
Authors: Santos-Gonçalves Tatiana , Napp Sebastian
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 has caused not just an unprecedented sanitary crisis but a social crisis, which has affected, among many other fields, the local journalism, which had to adapt to meet the public’s information needs about coronavirus. In this study we analyzed the evolution of local news about COVID-19 in Spain throughout the pandemic by examining local news articles in social media. Using a unique dataset of over 230k Facebook posts published by Spanish local media organizations during 2020 and 2021, we found evidence that the interest of local media in COVID-19, measured as the proportion of the news related to COVID-19, changed as the pandemic evolved. Our results also show that the interest that local media readers had in COVID-19, measured as the proportion Facebook interactions related to COVID-19, was even higher, and also evolved during the pandemic. Although the interest in COVID-19 of local media and their readers essentially progressed in parallel, we also identified some periods in which they behaved differently. While a fatigue with COVID-19 related news would be expected after 2 years of pandemic, a clear decrease of interest was not observed neither in journalists nor in readers.
Influence of evening light exposure on polysomnographically assessed night-time sleep: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Cajochen C , Stefani O , Schöllhorn I , Lang D , Chellappa SL
Published: August 2022

Evening exposure to electric light can acutely suppress melatonin levels and adversely affect subsequent sleep. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis investigating the influence of evening illuminance levels on polysomnographically (PSG)-assessed sleep. We also explored how melanopsin (expressed in melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance (EDI) affects human sleep features. We included polysomnographic laboratory sleep studies with healthy humans for effects of illuminance and exposure duration, for pre-sleep exposures between 6:00 p.m. to 1:00 a.m. From 440 identified articles, 114 met eligibility criteria for screening, and 21 also reported type of light source/spectral characteristics, with 12 identified as eligible for review. Meta-analysis showed evening light affects sleep latency, sleep efficiency and slow wave sleep, with overall effect sizes (95% confidence interval) of 0.69 (−0.50; 1.88), 0.34 (−0.13; 0.82) and −0.61 (−1.85; 0.62), respectively. Estimated melanopic EDI in the range of 100–1000 lx yielded clear dose–response relationships for sleep latency and sleep efficiency, but not for slow wave sleep. Whilst illuminance and duration indicated no apparent effects for a single evening light exposure on PSG-assessed sleep latency, sleep efficiency and slow wave sleep, we observed evidence for a relationship between light exposure and sleep effects based on melanopic EDI. Hence, melanopic EDI may provide a robust predictor of non-visual responses on human sleep.
Cytoreductive Surgery (CRS) Combined With Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) for Platinum-Sensitive Recurrence Epithelial Ovarian Cancer With HRR Mutation: A Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Qi Yuwen , Zhang Yaxing , Shi Yuying , Yao Shijie , Dai Mengyuan , Cai Hongbing
Published: August 2022

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains the leading cause of gynecologic cancer death worldwide due to the high recurrence rate. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is an alternative modality for platinum-sensitive recurrent EOC. The latest studies demonstrate homologous recombination-related (HRR) mutation status increases the sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy drugs in EOC. However, the molecular analysis of recurrent EOC patient benefits from HIPEC is unknown. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CRS combined with HIPEC for platinum-sensitive in recurrent EOC with HRR mutation. Methods: This is a phase III randomized controlled clinical trial in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent EOC. Participants were divided into 2 groups based on the HRR mutation status and randomized to receive CRS + HIPEC. The patients then received periodic chemotherapy and follow-up. Results: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of CRS + HIPEC compared to CRS alone in patients with a platinum-sensitive recurrent EOC stratified for HRD status. We hypothesize that the addition of HIPEC to CRS improves the progression-free survival (PFS) of platinum-sensitive recurrent EOC patients with HRR mutation compared with patients without HRR mutation. Conclusion: Recurrent EOC has a poor prognosis due to implantation and metastasis in the abdominal cavity. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy reduced seeding by removing free tumor cells. HIPEC utilizes physical and biological properties to significantly increase the clearance rate of tumors. Van Driel WJ et al proposed that HIPEC using platinum-based chemotherapy improves the survival of patients with ovarian cancer. HRR mutation, as a common pathogenic mutation in ovarian cancer, has a predictive effect on the platinum sensitivity of ovarian cancer patients. Whether lobaplatin-based HIPEC will play a greater role in ovarian cancer patients with HRR mutations is currently unknown.
Pastors in Prisons and Correctional Settings, Resilience, and the Propensity for Social Entrepreneurship: Comparing two Continuing Education Programs
Authors: Pandya Samta P.
Published: August 2022

This article reports a study on the impact of two continuing education programs for pastors working in prisons and correctional settings. Pastors who did the spirituality refresher training sessions reported greater resilience and social entrepreneurship inclinations posttest compared to those who did the expressive writing sessions. Male pastors, with a postgraduate degree and chaplaincy-focused training, prison pastors, ever-singles, pastors living in religious institutions/seminaries, and with higher intervention compliance, reported higher benefits from spirituality refresher training.
Strategic maneuver and disruption with reinforcement learning approaches for multi-agent coordination
Authors: Asher Derrik E , Basak Anjon , Fernandez Rolando , Sharma Piyush K , Zaroukian Erin G , Hsu Christopher D , Dorothy Michael R , Mahre Thomas , Galindo Gerardo , Frerichs Luke , Rogers John , Fossaceca John
Published: August 2022

Reinforcement learning (RL) approaches can illuminate emergent behaviors that facilitate coordination across teams of agents as part of a multi-agent system (MAS), which can provide windows of opportunity in various military tasks. Technologically advancing adversaries pose substantial risks to a friendly nation’s interests and resources. Superior resources alone are not enough to defeat adversaries in modern complex environments because adversaries create standoff in multiple domains against predictable military doctrine-based maneuvers. Therefore, as part of a defense strategy, friendly forces must use strategic maneuvers and disruption to gain superiority in complex multi-faceted domains, such as multi-domain operations (MDOs). One promising avenue for implementing strategic maneuver and disruption to gain superiority over adversaries is through coordination of MAS in future military operations. In this paper, we present overviews of prominent works in the RL domain with their strengths and weaknesses for overcoming the challenges associated with performing autonomous strategic maneuver and disruption in military contexts.
Mashing Up History and Heritage in Assassin’s Creed Odyssey
Authors: Cole Richard
Published: August 2022

This article proposes a new framework for analysing how developers structure – and players experience – history and heritage in historical video games. Drawing on the theory of mashups, this article demonstrates how historical games generate ‘technocultural mashups’ by cutting and pasting aspects of cultural heritage into the gameplay experience and then challenging players to further adapt this. ‘Technocultural mashups’, the article suggests, exploit a cultural precedent in the recombination of art, music and video, but also a Web 2.0 precedent that enables alternative modes of production, communication and consumption based on the affordances of new media. Assassin's Creed Odyssey is used as a case study to better understand the relationship between game design and the simulation of cultural heritage. By looking at fan-made trailers, as well as gameplay, paratexts and player-generated content, this article explores how ‘technocultural mashups’ enable players to participate in a networked historical imaginary.