bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using a Mathematical Model to Evaluate Pharmaceutical Companies’ Performance in Vietnam
Authors: Muoi Le Tien , Nan Wang Chia , Khanh Nguyen Han , Danh Huynh Cong
Published: April 2021

Today, the health industry is known as a human healthcare service required to develop the economy ensuring life and health for people of each country. Applications of science and technology to create tools, equipment, and drugs always focus on applying a lot to healthcare and getting top priority. Therefore, the health sector always has the most important role in providing community health, treating diseases, ensuring life, and maintaining human health to study and work. Besides, the health sector contributes a lot to the socio-economic development of each country. In this study, the authors use data on pharmaceutical enterprises' business situation in 2012-2017 to process, analyze and evaluate the business performance of all these businesses from 2012 through 2017 by using the Malmquist productivity index model of data envelopment analysis. This study has achieved positive results and high applicability; the authors used specific indexes to evaluate the efficiency of use and changes in technique and technology at pharmaceutical companies, which helps managers have both broad and detailed insights into the production and business activities of these enterprises.
Evaluation of Dry Matter Intake and Average Daily Gain of Beef Cattle in Samarinda City
Authors: Mayulu Hamdi , Topan Endra Ari , Haris Muh. Ichsan , Daru Taufan Purwokusumaning
Published: April 2021

The objective of this research was to determine the potential uses of dry matter in the average daily gain of beef cattle and rice straw carrying capacity as a feed alternative. The research used an analytical survey approach, and the location was chosen via purposive sampling. Data collection consisted of conducting interviews and observations based on a questionnaire; then, the collected data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between dry matter intake level and average daily gain; simple linear regression analysis was used to measure the effect of dry matter intake level on average daily gain. The results revealed that the average daily gain of beef cattle in North Samarinda, Palaran, Sambutan, and Samarinda Ulu (Indonesia) was 0.44 kg, 0.45 kg, 0.45 kg, and 0.45 kg, respectively. The analysis results of dry matter intake level on average daily gain obtained via the regression equation (Y) were as follows: Ỷ = 0.013 + 0.945X. This indicates that every intake of 0.945 kg of dry matter would yield an average daily gain increase of 0.013 kg. Effective utilization of available abundant feed resources (rice straw) is the key to economic maintenance of cattle; however, it tends to have low nutrition and low digestibility, so it is not given as a single feed because it cannot meet beef cattle’s dietary needs. This research found that rice straw production (each hectare of rice area) was able to supply alternative feed for beef cattle of 2.7 animal units per year.
Indonesian Favourite Islamic Curriculum Model Based on Cultural Perspective
Authors: Muhajir Muhajir , Syafrizal Syafrizal , Hunainah Hunainah
Published: April 2021

This article describes a favorite Islamic school curriculum model that is different from other conventional school curricula. Based on the superior curriculum, the aim of this research was to determine the model and implementation of the leading Islamic school curriculum - MTs Negeri Model Pandeglang, SMP Islam Al-AzharSerang, and SMPIT Raudlotul Jannah Cilegon - and to create a comparison of the model and implementation of the curriculum. This study used a qualitative method with a case study research design. The leading curriculum studied were the different curriculum between the three leading Islamic schools. Semi-structured interviews, observation, and documentation were used to collect data. Data were analyzed qualitatively using the Miles and Huberman procedure.The results of the study found a model curriculum better than the previous curriculum, improved by 50%. The superior school curriculum model tends to highlight content that is characteristic (13%), superior in objectives (12%), creative in approach (7%), precise and thorough in evaluation (8%), and has high quality implementation (10%). The conclusion is that the superior school curriculum model has high quality characteristics in accordance with school goals. Because the leading schools have different curricula, quality characteristics are a distinguishing factor from other conventional schools. This curriculum model is implemented optimally and has a high quality in curriculum content, methods, and evaluation of learning. This superior curriculum is effective for improving learning and can be applied in any school.
Meaningful Learning and Use of Mind-Map in Geography Subject at Senior High School
Authors: Ningrum Epon , Yani Ahmad , Nandi
Published: April 2021

A mind map is a cognitive scheme visualization tool that can be used in meaningful learning. It can illustrate students’ logical thinking ability and cognitive scheme development. This research studied the efficacy of using mind maps in geography learning for senior high school students. The method used in this research was classroom action research conducted in parallel at eight senior high schools in West Java, Indonesia. A total of 223 students participated in the study. The efficacy of using mind maps in meaningful learning was confirmed by student assessment scores in two learning cycles. The assessment scores can be used as achievement evidence that is equal to other objective test results. In the first learning cycle, the obtained mind map cumulative score was 762.17 points and that for the second cycle was 1,421.72 points, showing a gain difference of 659.55 points. Therefore, the results demonstrate that the use of mind maps improved students’ logical thinking and cognitive schemes. Hence, this technique can be used in meaningful learning processes in the geography subject for senior high school students.
Confirmatory Factors Analysis on the Latent Variables Indicators of E-Government, Organizational Culture, Good Governance, and Public Trust in Transfer Fund Management
Authors: Martati Indah , Suminto  , Asniwaty Besse
Published: April 2021

This article describes how to measure the accuracy and consistency of indicators in constructing e-government latent variable constructs, organizational culture, good governance, and public trust in managing transfer of funds from the central government to provinces, districts, and cities in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The aim is to identify valid factors that can be used to measure the latent variable constructs under study. The method used is confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation modeling on the data of 400 respondents from the East Kalimantan community. Four constructs of latent variables were tested based on 19 indicators. Data were obtained through questionnaires and arranged on a 1-5 Likert scale. The results of the analysis show that the indicator groups are valid, consistent, and dominant to measure the latent variable constructs: 1) e-government, namely the quality of systems, information, and services; 2) organizational culture including innovation and risk-taking, attention to detail, people-orientation, result orientation, team orientation, aggressiveness, and stability; 3) good governance implying efficiency, transparency, fairness, participation, and effectiveness; 4) public trust comprising dispositional trust, institutional trust, and interpersonal trust. Meanwhile, the accountability indicator in this study was found not valid for measuring the construct of the latent variable for good governance, as opposed to previous researchers. The implications of the research results provide enrichment for empirical studies of the appropriate variable indicators used and can be used as the basis for further research.
Alumina Trihydrate Effect on Flashover Voltage of Polyester Insulators by Whale Optimization Algorithm Technique
Authors: Ali Mohamed H. , Nasrat Loai S. , Ismail Hanafy M.
Published: April 2021

Ceramic materials are commonly used as outdoor insulators for high-voltage power transmission lines. Presently, these ceramic insulators are replaced by composite polymeric insulators with polyester, especially in rainy areas. Unlike ceramic materials, polymer materials have a shorter life, so fillers are used to improve their physical and chemical properties. This paper aims to improve the flashover voltage performance of polyester loaded with Alumina Trihydrate filler in wet weather condition. Due to the high cost of raw materials (polyester and Alumina Trihydrate filler), the Whale Optimization Algorithm model was used to predict the best concentration of Alumina Trihydrate filler to give the best value of flashover voltage. The model is based on experimental data of flashover voltage measurements. A positive correlation of the calculations from the Whale Optimization Algorithm model with experimental data has been demonstrated. The results showed that the flashover voltage performance of polyester is increased with the increase of Alumina Trihydrate filler concentration. Also, the optimum concentration of Alumina Trihydrate filler and flashover values predicted by the MATLAB Whale Optimization Algorithm are very accurate.
Evaluation of Cooperative Development Policies in Maluku Province, Indonesia
Authors: Papilaya Josef , Rijal Muhammad , Papilaya Jeanete Ophilia
Published: April 2021

Cooperatives have characteristics that differ them from business entities or other organizations. For cooperatives to develop well, the Government is expected to encourage cooperatives' development to improve the community's welfare. The method used in this study is a quantitative method employing SEM analysis. The research results show that: 1) the business environment does not significantly influence collaborative business skills; 2) coaching and supporting facilities significantly influence collaborative business skills; 3) coaching, business environment, and the availability of supporting facilities simultaneously affect business skills; 4) coaching, business skills and the availability of supporting facilities exert a significant impact on the development of cooperative businesses; 5) the business environment has no significant effect on the development of cooperative businesses.
Evaluation of Wind Speed Potential Using Correlation Coefficient Model in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Suwarno
Published: April 2021

Medan is the capital city of North Sumatra Province, consisting of various tribes and a dense population that requires a large amount of electrical power. Energy demand continues to increase along with population and business growth, so that additional energy sources are needed; one of which is wind. An evaluation of the potential of wind energy sources is needed to determine the feasability of its use as an environmentally-friendly, renewable energy source without emissions.This paper aims to evaluate the potential wind speed in the city of Medan using the correlation coefficient (R2) model. The four application models proposed for the probability density function used are Normal Distribution, Lognormal, Weibull 2-parameters and Weibull 3-parameters. The analysis results show that the four models used are all potentially feasible options that can be used to evaluate the potential sources of wind energy in Medan. The potential of these models for use, ranked from most to least, are the Weibull 3-parameter Model, followed by the Lognormal, Normal Distribution and Weibull2-parameter. In addition to the analysis, the results of the Normal, Lognormal and Weibull Distribution tests are also presented.
The Gender Inequality Index: Indonesian Efforts to Enhance Human Development within ASEAN
Authors: Bangun Wilson
Published: April 2021

Indonesia is a large populous country in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) but has greater gender inequality than fellow member countries Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. This gender inequality is exhibited by fewer roles and lesser participation of women, which is seen especially in politics, public positions, and the economy. The Gender Inequality Index is used to measure the level of gender inequality in a country. This research aimed to identify the magnitude of gender inequality in Indonesia, as compared to other ASEAN countries, using the indicators found in the Gender Inequality Index. This study used secondary data from the United Nations Development Program, the World Bank, and the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. The results of this research indicate that Indonesia had a higher Gender Inequality Index than Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand; this means that Indonesia has a higher level of gender inequality than each of those other four nations. Based on the Gender Inequality Index, men still dominate in every dimension: health, empowerment, and the labor market. One of the biggest indicators of gender inequality is that women are less represented in the Indonesian Parliament than men. In almost all ASEAN countries, the representation of women in parliament is small. In addition, the majority of Indonesian female workers are in lower skill jobs. In this study, the work ability indicator was calculated separately from the labor force participation rate to measure the dimensions of the labor market. The work ability indicator is a large contributor to reducing the Gender Inequality Index value in Indonesia.
The Geomorphological Dynamic of the Rupat Strait on the East Coast of Central Sumatera Island, Indonesia
Authors: Rifardi  , Isty Hafiza Tartila , Wati Reza Ambar
Published: April 2021

The Rupat Strait on the eastern coast of Sumatera Island is currently undergoing a geomorphological process due to the current system, which flows from the Malacca Strait, and the change of use of the hinterland. The main purpose of this study is to identify the geomorphological dynamic by analyzing the changes to the width and depth of the strait. We propose a remote sensing method using satellite imagery to evaluate the changes to the width and depth. The depth was also measured using echo sounding at 60 stations. The studies of oceanographic observation and sedimentation were carried out along the coastal area of Dumai City and Rupat Island at five stations on each coast. The results showed that although the width of the strait had increased from 6.91 km in 1997 to 7.63 km in 2017, the strait length had not changed over this period. Therefore, the area of the strait increased to 82.544 km² in 20 years from 463.687 km² in 1997 to 544.231 km² in 2017. Over 28 years, the depth of the strait has increased by 1.5–2.7 meters. The changes are due to abrasion and sedimentation, which caused accretion on the coasts of Dumai City and Rupat Island, which go around the Rupat Strait. The abrasion is occupied by a strong current velocity, high-wave energy, steep bottom topography, and coarse-grained sediments, and it was reversed at the accretion areas. The results of this study can be used to guide stakeholders on the utilization and management of shallow marine waters.
Criteria for differentiation of criminal liability for fraud committed with the use of electronic payment means
Authors: Leschenko Vladimir
Published: April 2021

The necessity of legal protection of property relations that are formed through the use of electronic payment systems established by law is due to the rapid development of the digital economy sector. The increase in crimes committed with the use of information and telecommunications technologies, marked in recent years, demonstrates to a greater extent criminal activity in the field of mercenary crimes against property, where fraud occupies a special place. The variety of new forms of fraudulent activity indicates adaptation of this crime to modern socio-legal and economic realities. Fraud has penetrated into the digital economy and poses a serious threat to the financial security of participants in this field. These circumstances have an impact on the criminal law policy of the state, which is forced to respond to emerging threats by means of criminalization and differentiation of criminal responsibility. The article discusses the criteria for differentiating criminal liability for fraud committed with the use of electronic payment methods. The author highlights and describes characteristic of qualifying features as one of the means of differentiating criminal liability for fraud committed with the use of an electronic payment method. The challenge of the research is an attempt to assess the degree of public danger of objective and subjective signs that form the basis of qualifying circumstances, as well as to formulate proposals for clarifying their definition, legal and technical application in the construction of the criminal law norm.
Virtual and digital traces: a new approach in understanding
Authors: Pereverzeva Ekaterina , Komov Andrei
Published: April 2021

Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in crimes committed using high technologies, which requires a new theoretical approach to understanding the trace picture in General and individual types in particular. The article reveals the relevance of studying virtual traces in domestic criminology as an independent type of traces, forms an approach to understanding the virtual space, established the differences between virtual traces and digital ones, which are a variety of material traces, noted the relationship of virtual and digital traces, which is especially important when they are removed and fixed. At the same time, virtual traces are considered as part of digital traces, which have a complicated basis, which requires significant efforts to detect and seize them for subsequent use in the process of proving in criminal cases. Such an approach in understanding a new type of traces in forensic science is relevant not only for the Russian Federation, but also for a number of foreign countries.
Social networks as a platform for psychological and pedagogical work of social sphere specialists
Authors: Nikitskaya Catherine
Published: April 2021

The relevance of this paper is due in large part to the general and urgent transition of the Russian education system to a new format of training and upbringing the younger generation, to changes in the format of interaction between subjects of prevention of deviant behavior and aggravation of risks and threats in the Internet space for children and adolescents. The article deals with the issue of using the Internet space, in particular social networks, as a means of preventing and correcting deviant and/or delinquent behavior. The author provides a generalized classification of social networks and draws attention to the positive and negative aspects of social networks, focusing on the Internet and media dependence. The signs of dependence on social networks which are highlighted in the article are of professional interest to social sphere specialists involved in preventive work with minors. The purpose of the article is to provide guidance for social sphere specialists on how to interact in the space of social networks, in particular, algorithms of working with their positive and negative content to solve psychological and pedagogical problems. The final part of the article presents the main findings of the research that could be useful for social workers, counselors of children, juvenile inspectors, and other subjects of prevention of deviant behavior of minors.
Parental legal authority to determine and change the name, patronymic and surname of children: continuity of approaches in the Soviet and Russian legal systems
Authors: Burdanova Nataliya
Published: April 2021

Using the example of parental powers to determine and change the name, patronymic and surname of children, the article examines the regularity of the formation and development of the institution of personal non-property rights and responsibilities of parents in Russia. The author describes the legal situation of parents and children established in the monarchic period of Russian history by 1917. Issues such as the prerequisites for the establishment of the legal institution of the branch of family law in the Soviet legal system and the nature and causes of changes in the legal status of children depending on the legality of birth have been raised. The rights and duties of parents, differences in the legal status of men and women, and the influence of marital status and other circumstances were considered. The main sources of the study were normative legal acts and judicial practice of the Soviet and Russian periods of the history of the national state and law. The study concluded that a comprehensive approach had been developed in Soviet family law to regulate parental authority to determine and change the children’s first name, patronymic and surname. The modern Russian legal system has adopted rules establishing parental authority to determine and change the children’s first name, patronymic and surname of the Soviet legal system.
USO DO PÓ DA CASCA DE OVOS CAIPIRAS COMO FONTE DE CÁLCIO EM PRODUTOS ALIMENTÍCIOS
Authors: Lima Nayara Pereira , Brito Daniela Aguiar Penha , Lima Lediana de Sousa , Soares Swênia Christina Pinheiro , Pacheco Bianca Silva
Published: April 2021

A casca do ovo é um resíduo sólido com potencial de aproveitamento como uma fonte de cálcio na alimentação humana. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a adição do pó da casca de ovos caipiras em produtos alimentícios. Foi elaborado um pó da casca de ovos frescos de poedeiras em sistema caipira, a partir de higienização, secagem, trituração e homogeneização em peneiras. Avaliou-se a qualidade microbiológica e determinou-se o teor de cálcio e carbonato de cálcio do produto. Foram elaboradas preparações de beiju, bolo de trigo e cuscuz de milho, com e sem a adição de 1% do pó da casca de ovos da farinha ou cereal usado. Foram determinados a composição centesimal e o teor de cálcio das formulações. O pó da casca do ovo apresentou-se em condições microbiológicas aceitáveis para consumo e com teor de cálcio de 51,11%. As preparações com a adição do pó da casca de ovos caipiras apresentaram maiores teores de proteínas, cinzas e cálcio. O beiju e o bolo de trigo com adição tiveram alto teor de cálcio em comparação às preparações sem adição. O acréscimo de 1,0% do pó da casca de ovos caipiras em formulações de alimentos pode elevar o teor de cálcio nos alimentos, podendo contribuir para a ingestão adequada desse elemento mineral.
Model pendampingan manajemen masjid ramah anak dan aman Covid-19 di Masjid Al-Musthofa Dusun Jaten, Sendangadi, Mlati, Sleman
Authors:   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Fandi Atmaja Fajar , Yusuf Syaifulloh ,   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta
Published: April 2021

Purpose: This community service aimed to strengthen human resources for takmir (mosque manager), mosque youth, parents, and the community in implementing a child-friendly and Covid-19 safe mosque management system. Method: The method used in this community event was Focus Group Discussion, training, and practice. These three methods were used to accommodate the community services. Results: The results of this community service show that the participants understand, know, and use the facilities wisely which established the child-friendly and Covid-19 safe mosque management system. Conclusions: This service is strengthening the human resources of takmirs, mosque youth, parents and the community. The activities carried out are training for mosque management, training for TPA teachers, establishing a children's reading corner, installing Wifi, and establishing a child-friendly and safe Covid-19 mosque organization board. Keywords: Mosque management, Child-friendly, Covid-19 safe, Educational character
Institutional Gender Representation and Career Progression Disparities at Management Levels in Selected Public Academic Libraries in Kenya
Authors: Wandahi Rose N , Njoroge Rose
Published: April 2021

The education sector is one of the most crucial sectors in the world. The very remarkable growth of academic institution has created massive employment opportunities for our educated men and women of our nation. These men and women play a vital role in the Kenyan economy, both socially and economically. However, most of these men and women employees face a lot of challenges at work, especially in career progression related issues. The overall purpose of this study was to examine gender representation and career progression disparities in the management levels of public academic libraries in Kenya. To achieve this, the study sought to find out gender representation in the management levels of the Kenyan public academic universities, determine the barriers hindering career progression of men and women managers, and examine the challenges affecting career progression of men and women at management levels in public academic libraries in Kenya. The study was carried out in selected public academic libraries in Kenya. These included four public universities within Nairobi county, Kiambu county and Uasin-Gishu county. The respondents included university librarians, deputy university librarians, senior librarians, librarians, librarian assistants and senior library assistants. The target population was 85 participants who were expected to participate in the study, and eventually only a sample size of 42 respondents was obtained. Relevant data was collected from the participants using structured interviews and questionnaires. A descriptive case-study research design was used. The collected data was coded into relevant themes, analyzed, interpreted and presented using qualitative methods for enabling to draw the findings and conclusions. Data was presented using tables, graphs and charts. The findings revealed that gender representation in public academic libraries was not balanced, and persons of female gender were more than persons of male gender. Disparities were also noted within their distribution in various departments, more women had attained higher levels of education than their fellow men colleagues, and women had also worked for more number of years within the libraries and in previous positions. It was also observed that, there was a supportive work environment within the organizations, though there were a few instances where the culture within did not encourage a fair job promotion practices. Selection process, networking, policies, rules and regulations in place, in the organizations were a great barrier to career progression. The study came up with several recommendations on gender representation in the management ranks, fair job promotion practices, education and training.
Assessment of the Quality of Health Information for Good Health Care: A Case of Kerugoya Level 4 Hospital, Kirinyaga County
Authors: Mugo Joyce Wangui , Uimbia Martin G
Published: April 2021

Improving healthcare services has been paramount to both the national and county governments in Kenya. However, this broad national goal has failed to be achieved within the health sector in Kenya due to dilapidated systems, lack of coordination and poor quality of the health records within the industry. The current study sought to establish the influence of quality health records on improving healthcare in Kerugoya Level IV hospital. Specifically, the research focused on the creation of health information, relevance of health information, completeness and accuracy of patient’s health information and accessibility of health information on the improving of health services. The research was grounded on the negativity theory. The research adopted a quantitative design with a population of 288 staff members being targeted in the study. The sample respondents were 165 staff members with both quantitative questionnaires and interview schedules being utilized in the research. The study adopted quantitative techniques in the data analysis and thematical analysis. The findings showed that 87% of the sample respondents were able to participate in the study. The research concludes that creation of health information, relevance of information and accessibility of health records are significant predictors to improved healthcare services. The research revealed that the level of management support and resource availability are positive and significant predictors of the level of improved healthcare services in Kerugoya level IV hospital.  The study findings noted there is a positive but insignificant relationship between completeness and accuracy of health information and improved healthcare services within the level IV hospital. The study recommends that the hospitals should improve the digitalization of health records which will foster storage and accessibility. The hospitals should also enhance coordination with the national government to improve their health infrastructure.
ONLINE PRACTICE FOR SPEAKING ENGLISH
Authors: Styfanyshyn I. , Kalymon Yu.
Published: April 2021

The study deals with the main resources of online speaking practice in learning a foreign language. Speaking practice is long acknowledged to contribute greatly to the development of fluency, confidence and experience of language learners. Although much research has long been devoted to various educational aspects along with different issues of language study, there is a necessity of more detailed survey of online speaking practice in a foreign language learning. Consequently, the study aimed at examining the key online means of English speaking practice. The key online practice sources for English speaking have been explored by the methods of monitoring and comparative analysis of internet resources. Further research perspectives of English speaking practice online have been specified due to the study findings.
Secrecy Performance of Eigendecomposition-Based FTN Signaling and NOFDM in Quasi-Static Fading Channel
Authors: Sugiura Shinya
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we investigate the information-theoretic secrecy performance of recent precoded faster-than-Nyquist signaling (FTN) with the aid of optimal power allocation in eigenspace. More specifically, the secrecy rate and secrecy outage probability of a fading wiretap channel, which was derived for classical Nyquist-based orthogonal signaling transmission ,is extended to those of our eigen decomposition-based FTN (E-FTN) signaling for a quasi-static frequency-flat Rayleigh fading channel. Our performance results demonstrate that the proposed E-FTN signaling scheme exhibits improvements in secrecy rate and secrecy outage probability over conventional Nyquist-based and FTN signaling transmissions. We also show that the same benefits as those of single-carrier E-FTN signaling are attainable by its non-orthogonal multicarrier counterpart, where subcarrier spacing is set lower than that of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing.

Postprint accepted on 1 April 2021 for publication in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications (DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2021.3070891). (c) 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
Importance of apoptosis and extrusion for preserving the structure of the airway epithelium
Authors: Krasavina N. P. , Tseluyko S. S. , Zubov A. A.
Published: April 2021

Reproduction and maintenance of the integrity of the epithelial layer requires a precisely balanced rate of growth and cell death. In overcrowded areas of tissue, some of the cells undergo a consecutive loss of intercellular connections, which leads to a progressive decrease in their number. To keep the barrier intact, the epithelium eliminates dying cells by means of extrusion. Cell extrusion is a unique morphological phenomenon inherent in the epithelium, in which cells prone to apoptosis or non-apoptotic elements are removed from the tissue, thus breaking the symmetry of the layer. During extrusion, the site intended for apoptosis, due to signals from neighboring elements, forms and compresses the ring of the actomyosin complex, which leads to the removal of dying cells from the epithelium. Apoptosis of epithelial cells of the respiratory tract is the main mechanism for a decrease in the cell number after hyperplastic changes in it, arising from exposure to negative factors, viral or bacterial infection. In the review, the authors demonstrate the original photographs of the extrusion of airway epithelial cells.
Relationship of granulocytic inflammation of bronches with the level of asthma control in patients with cold airway hyperresponsiveness under inhalation therapy of extrafine beclomethasone/formoterol
Authors: Pirogov A. B. , Prikhodko A. G. , Perelman J. M.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Obstruction of small airways in asthma is accompanied by greater hypersensitivity to nonspecific irritants and inflammation activity, which is associated with a worsening of the clinical course of the disease. The combination of beclomethasone dipropionate/formoterol fumarate (BDP/FF), used in the form of an extrafine metered dose aerosol, is capable of having an anti-inflammatory effect on the small airways. Dynamic changes in the structure and function of granulocytes of inflammatory bronchial infiltrate after exposure to cold air in patients with asthma treated with BDP/FF have been little studied.

Aim. To study the nature of changes in eosinophil and neutrophil pools of bronchial granulocytes in asthma patients with cold airway hyperresponsiveness (CAHR) during long-term therapy with extrafine BDP/FF.

Materials and methods. The clinical study involved 25 asthma patients with CAHR. The design of the work included a questionnaire survey of patients using the Asthma Control Test (ACT) questionnaire, spirometry (Easy on PC, ndd Medizintechnik AG, Switzerland), an isocapnic hyperventilation by cold air (IHCA), collection and cytological examination of induced and spontaneously produced sputum. The examination was carried out at the beginning and after 12 weeks of BDP/FF therapy (100/6 μg, twice a day).

Results. 12-week treatment with extrafine BDP/FF led to an improvement in asthma control (ACT increased from 17.1±1.1 to 22.5±0.5 points, p˂0.001) and patency of small bronchi (increase in МEF50 was 0.47±0.21 L/s, МEF25-75 – 0.42±0.17 L/s). BDP/FF therapy had a positive effect on cellular inflammation, leading to a decrease in the number of eosinophils in sputum from 9.5 (3.0; 19.5) to 2.2 (1.3; 4.7)% (p˂0,05). A decrease in the number of eosinophils was also observed after cold bronchoprovocation: from 9.0 (2.8; 15.4) to 4.7 (2.8; 7.8)% (p˂0.05). There was no dynamics in neutrophils after BDP/FF treatment before and after IHCA (59.9±1.3 and 57.1±2.0%, respectively, p>0.05).

Conclusion. Improvement of disease control in asthma patients with CAHR after 12 weeks of therapy with extrafine BDP/FF is associated with the regulation of eosinophilic inflammation, a decrease in the number of eosinophils in the airways and suppression of the activity of the neutrophilic pool of bronchial granulocytes in response to cold bronchoprovocation.
Age-related differences in the reactivity of the respiratory division of lungs in rats after administration of magnesium chloride
Authors: Yanko R. V. , Chaka E. G. , Levashov M. I.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Magnesium is directly involved in the regulation of lung function. However, the effectiveness of various magnesium preparations for activating lung function is not unambiguous. One of the reasons for this may be age-related differences in the nature of structural and functional changes in the lungs in response to the administration of magnesium.

Aim. To study the reactivity of the lungs respiratory division of different ages rats to prolonged administration of magnesium chloride.

Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on 48 male Wistar rats of 3 and 15 months of age. The experimental animals, in addition to the standard diet, received magnesium chloride at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight daily for 21 days. At the end of the experiment, lung tissue samples were taken for histomorphological and biochemical studies.

Results. At the end of the experiment, 3-month-old rats treated with magnesium chloride showed an increase in the size of the alveoli, a decrease in the relative area of the parenchyma and stroma, and an increase in the relative area of air spaces. A decrease in the thickness of the interalveolar septum and the concentration of oxyproline in the lung tissue of these rats may indicate a decrease in the number of connective tissue elements. In 15- month-old experimental animals, on the contrary, an increase in the relative area of the parenchyma and stroma of the lungs (by 14%), a decrease in the relative area of air spaces (by 12%), and an increase in the concentration of oxyproline in the lungs (by 21%) were observed.

Conclusion. Thus, the research results indicate age-related differences in changes in morphological and biochemical parameters characterizing the state of the respiratory division of the lungs with prolonged administration of magnesium chloride. The nature and severity of these changes suggests that in 3-month-old rats magnesium increased lung activity, and in 15-month-old animals, on the contrary, it decreased.
Pengaruh Defatting, Frekuensi Pencucian dan Penyimpanan Beku Terhadap Kualitas Surimi Ikan Lele
Authors: Rozi Anhar , Khairi Ikhsanul , Tri Cahyani Reni , Bija Stephani , Nurhikma Nurhikma , Wulansari Nuring , Yusman Maulid Deden , Putu Sri Dia Utari Siluh , Anggraini Wulandari Diah
Published: April 2021

Catfish was a suitable alternative for the main raw material for making surimi, because it has a high protein content, easy to found and than has good prospective to be made surimi product. The aimed of this study to analyze effect of defatting, washing cycle, and frozen storage was add cryoprotectant. This research was conducted three step that is deffating, washing, and made surimi. The concentration of the selected for defatting processed was NaH2PO4 2% during 10 minutes and the result fat content was 0.15%. The best washing was one time of made kamaboko and has gel strength (510.35 g.cm), and the best quality (PLG : 0%; pH : 6.53; water content : 76.6%; folding test : 3.22; bite test : 3,77) when compared with washing cycle two times and three times. The best cryoprotectant addition was 4% trehalose and result of gel strength was 354.15 g.cm for three weeks of frozen storage.
Pengaruh Penambahan Jamur Tiram Putih dan MOCAF Terhadap Karakteristik Kerupuk Udang Microwaveable
Authors: Pratama Agung Praja , Rosidah Umi , Syafutri Merynda Indriyani
Published: April 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi jamur tiram putih dan konsentrasi mocaf terhadap sifat fisik, kimia dan sensoris kerupuk udang microwaveable. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial  (RALF) dengan dua faktor perlakuan dan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Faktor pertama yaitu konsentrasi mocaf (15% dan 25%) dan faktor kedua adalah  konsentrasi jamur tiram putih (25%, 50%, dan 75%). Parameter yang diamati meliputi sifat fisik (kekerasan, warna dan derajat pengembangan), sifat kimia (kadar air, kadar abu dan kadar protein), dan sifat sensoris menggunakan uji hedonik (kerenyahan, rasa, warna dan aroma). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi mocaf berpengaruh nyata terhadap kekerasan, kadar air, dan lightness, sedangkan konsentrasi jamur tiram putih berpengaruh nyata terhadap kekerasan, lightness, redness, yellowness, kadar air, abu, dan protein. Interaksi kedua faktor perlakuan berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air dan karakteristik sensoris (rasa dan warna). Hasil uji hedonik menunjukkan bahwa kerupuk udang yang disukai panelis adalah perlakuan A1B2 (15% mocaf dan 50% jamur tiram putih) dengan rerata nilai kekerasan 213,47 gf dan kadar air 3,35%. Kadar protein dalam kerupuk udang microwaveable memenuhi standar (SNI 2714.1:2009) yang termasuk dalam kategori kerupuk udang mutu 1.
Profil Asam Amino Ekstrak Mukus Ikan Glodok (Boleophthalmus boddarti) dari Kawasan Mangrove Cilacap, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Riviani Riviani , Wisudyanti Dewi , Ali Husni Iqbal
Published: April 2021

Mudskipper or glodok fish is a unique fish that can crawl and climb mangrove roots with their fins. In Indonesia, this fish is exported to abroad as a source of food. The by-product of this fish is rarely used, which one is their mucus. Protein is a composition of fish mucus which consists of  amino acids. The mucus of fish has the potential as a source of medicine because it’s proven to have antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities. This study aims to determine the protein and amino acid content of fresh meat and mucus extract of mudskipper. Protein content testing was carried out using the titrimetric method, while amino acid content using the UPLC method. In this study, mucus extract has protein content at 1.79%. It’s small than the protein content of fresh meat at 17.7%. The highest essential amino acid in fresh meat and mucus extract of mudskipper was leucine (15% and 0.91%). The highest nonessential amino acid in fresh meat and mucus extract of mudskipper were glutamic acid (26.4% and 1.6%). The limiting amino acid in fresh meat is leucine as 226.9% and lysine as 12.27% in the mucus extract of mudskipper.
Karakteristik Sensoris Ikan Lele Sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus) Berbumbu dengan Perbedaan Teknik Budidaya dan Ukuran Ikan
Authors: Sari Selly Ratna , Guttifera Guttifera , Sa’adah Raudhatus , Arafah Elmeizy
Published: April 2021

This research aims to determine  preference level for catfish (Clarias gariepinus) spiced with differences technique in organic Aquaculture and non-organic Aquaculture as well as differences in fish size. This research treatment used the method of aquaculture and difference in the size of fish. Aquaculture method (A) namely A1= Conventional and A2= Organic while the second treatment was the difference in the weight of fish (B) namely B1= 100 g, B2= 200 g and B3= 300 g. The spiced catfish was cooked by way of deep-fried Further sensory testing.  The method used in this research was the method of experimentation and statistical analysis used  the Friedman Conover test.  The results indicated that fish had the best texture, aroma and taste in the A2B1 treatment.
USING THINK PAIR SHARE TEACHING STRATEGY TO STUDENTS IN TEACHING SPEAKING
Authors: Maulani Melikhah Nur , Romansyah H. Khalimi , Atiyawati M. Ita
Published: April 2021

Many people may find some difficulties to share their ideas or opinion through oral language. Even though they have something to speak, they do not know how to express it. They also have problems related to lack of participation and low motivation in speaking. Therefore, a teacher should select the best technique that can encourage students and increase their motivation to speak. The teacher can use “Pair Work” to teach English speaking. This technique demands students to be active to speak based on the material has been given. Through this technique, students should practice to speak in order to give agreeing and disagreeing opinion. By apliying this technique in speaking class, it will make the class fun and interesting. The objective of this paper is to explain how to use pair work technique in teaching speaking to junior high school students in Smpn 1 Plumbon.
ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE EDMODO USAGE IN LEARNING ACTIVITIES FOR ENGLISH LITERATURE STUDENTS
Authors: Manalu Herland Franley , Anggraeni Diana , Munazar Asrul
Published: April 2021

The increment of concern in the use of online learning tools into English Language Teaching to adopt the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has inspired this study to examine students’ thoughts on Edmodo, as one of the online learning tools, at the English Literature department within the University of Bangka Belitung. Edmodo is used by the researchers to discuss the students’ attitude in improving their English skills. Data were collected by means of questionnaires and interview. A Likert scale questionnaire was administered and open-ended interviews were conducted to get more information from the students. Data were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed by using SPSS v.22 Software. The results reveal that the Edmodo usage is aiding students’ cooperation in small group discussions, reflecting that teaching and learning activities established on the ground of communicative teaching method were able to improve cooperation and communication, raising students’ motivation to take part and involve in various learning and also empowering them to be self-determining and be more responsible for their own learning. This study is an endeavor to attract more researchers to do further investigations on this area within the Indonesian English learners at the university level.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY THROUGH DEBATE TECHNIQUE
Authors: Lumbangaol Reni Rosianna , Mazali Muhammad Rizki
Published: April 2021

The study is aim to find out how to improve students' speaking ability in making questions, giving explanations, and answers based on the debate topic. The methodology of this research is a classroom action research which consisted of 3 cycles. The subject of this research was the students of Semester II Sistem Informatika of Informatica Technical Faculty 2019/2020, Potensi Utama University, which consists of 60 students. To collect the data, the researcher applied the observation checklist and fieldnotes. Through the observation checklist, the researchers observed students' activity in the classroom, and by using fieldnotes the researchers summarized the problem during debating process. Based on the research findings, the debate technique which was applied to the subjects of research reflected the improvement of students' speaking ability. Based on the result of the researchers’ observation using the observation checklist and fieldnotes, it can be seen that students' speaking ability in making questions and giving explanations have been improved. The percentage of students' activity in the classroom when debate, in the first cycle, was 42.83%, in the second cycle was 59.17%, and the third cycle was 85.17%. It indicated that debate technique had improved students' speaking ability in making questions and giving explanations.Keywords: Classroom Action Research, College Student, Debate Technique, Speaking Skill
Implementing Communicative Language Teaching (CTL) Approach in an International Standard School in Batam
Authors: Carnando Gea , Nurlaily Nurlaily
Published: April 2021

Many teaching approaches have been developed all the time to meet the learners' needs and to achieve the objective of learning successfully. One of the most popular and effective approaches that has been developed is Communicative Language Teaching (CLT). Many researchers have found implementing CLT is challenging since it needs certain criteria of learners to engage with the whole process. This research investigated whether the CLT approach fits perfectly in one of International schools in Batam, namely SMA Kallista. There were 19 participants in this research. The researchers used two cycles of a Class Action Research (CAR) method to collect the data. The result showed that CLT was a suitable method for the students. It was evaluated by the classroom engagement that improved gradually. Cycle I and I result were compared using the motivational conceptualization of engagement instruments. The researchers also found out challenging ways that influence the learners' behavior to finally gain knowledge through CLT.