bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ACOUSTIC FIELD INFLUENCE FOR AEROSOLS PARTICLES / AKUSTINIO LAUKO ĮTAKOS AEROZOLIO DALELIŲ KOAGULIACIJAI EKSPERIMENTINIAI TYRIMAI
Authors: Tetsman Ina , Grinbergienė Irina
Published: April 2016

There were made tests of particulate matter (aerosol), of coagula-tion efficiency, depending on the acoustic field sound pressure and frequency. It is described experimental stand that is used to do researches and methodology of experiments performance. It is used two sound generators for acoustic field excitation: piezoe-lectric and aero-acoustic. It was determined after researches, that increasing the frequency of the acoustic field, it is increased rate of particle coagulation when particle diameter not greater than 1 μm. Effectively coagulation of particles up to 1 μm in diameter must subsonic acoustic field frequencies, as the particles over 1 μm in diameter must be lower than the frequency of ultrasonic acoustic field.
Atlikti labai mažo skersmens kietųjų dalelių koaguliacijos efektyvumo, priklausomai nuo akustinio lauko garso slėgio ir dažnio, tyrimai. Aprašytas tyrimams atlikti naudotas eksperimentinis stendas ir eksperimentų atlikimo metodika. Akustiniam laukui žadinti naudoti du garso generatoriai: pjezoelektrinis ir aeroakustinis. Atlikus tyrimus nustatyta, kad, didėjant akustinio poveikio dažniui, dalelių koaguliacijos greitis didėja, kai dalelių skersmuo neviršija 1 μm. Efektyviausiai dalelių iki 1 μm skersmens koaguliacijai reikia ultragarsinių dažnių, didesnio nei 1 μm skersmens dalelėms reikia žemesnio dažnio už ultragarsinį.
THE MAIN GAS PIPELINES MECHANICAL DAMAGE INFLUENCE ON SAFE OPERATION / MAGISTRALINIO DUJOTIEKIO MECHANINIŲ PAŽEIDIMŲ ĮTAKA SAUGIAM EKSPLOATAVIMUI
Authors: Vilkys Tadas , Rudzinskas Vitalijus
Published: April 2016

The influence of mechanical damage of the gas transmission pipelines on safe pipelines operation was researched in the article. The paper presents the main pipelines damage types with actual parameters and influence on operational parameters. The main pipeline Kaunas – Kaliningrad part, which was removed as no longer usable, was analysed. This damaged part was removed and changed to a new part by a responsible company. The hardness measurement and micro hardness measurement, chemical analysis, impact strength test, metallography analysis with an optical microscope were used in experiments. The analysed pipeline part was also regenerated by the computer software ANSYS, which works by the finite elements method.
Straipsnyje nagrinėjama magistralinių dujotiekių mechaninių pažeidimų įtaka saugiam jų eksploatavimui. Darbe pateikti pagrindiniai vamzdynų pažeidimo tipai su jiems būdingais bruožais ir įtaka eksploataciniams parametrams. Ištirta magistralinio dujotiekio Kaunas – Kaliningradas dalis, kuri buvo pašalinta, kaip nebetinkama naudojimui. Tyrimams pasitelktas kietumo ir mikrokietumo matavimas, cheminės analizės tyrimas, smūginio tąsumo bandymas. Mikrostruktūros tyrimams naudotas optinis mikroskopas. Tiriamasis objektas buvo atkurtas kompiuterinės programos, veikiančios baigtinių elementų metodu, ANSYS erdvėje.
RESEARCH OF PLASMA SPRAYING PROCESS ON ALUMINUM-MAGNESIUM ALLOY / ALIUMINIO-MAGNIO LYDINIO PLAZMINIO PURŠKIMO PROCESO TYRIMAS
Authors: Kavaliauskaitė Patricija , Lukauskaitė Raimonda , Vaitkūnaitė Gerda , Škamat Jelena
Published: April 2016

The article examines plasma sprayed 95Ni-5Al coatings on alu-minum-magnesium (Mg ≈ 2,6‒3,6 %) alloy substrate. Alumi-num-magnesium samples prior spraying were prepared with mechanical treatment (blasting with Al2O3). 95Ni-5Al coatings on aluminum-magnesium alloys were sprayed with different parameters of process and coating‘s thickness, porosity, micro-hardness and microstructure were evaluated. Also numerical simulations in electric and magnetic phenomena of plasma spray-ing were carried out. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos plazminiu būdu užpurkštos 95Ni-5Al dangos ant aliuminio-magnio (Mg ≈ 2,6–3,6 %) lydinio substrato. Aliuminio-magnio substratų paviršiai prieš purškimą buvo apdorojami mechaniniu apdorojimo būdu (srautinimas Al2O3 dalelėmis). Naudojant skirtingus plazminio purškimo proceso parametrus, buvo užpurkštos nikelio-aliuminio dangos ant aliuminio-magnio lydinių. Nustatytas užpurkštų dangų storis, akytumas ir mikrokietis. Buvo atlikta užpurkštos 95Ni-5Al dangos mikrostruktūros analizė. Darbe taip pat atliktas plazminio purškimo elektrinių ir magnetinių reiškinių skaitinis modeliavimas.
RESEARCH OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL X6CRNITI18-10 WELDED JOINTS EXPLOITED IN NITRIC ACID MEDIUM / PLIENO X6CRNITI18-10, EKSPLOATUOJAMO AZOTO RŪGŠTIES TERPĖJE, VIRINTINIŲ JUNGČIŲ TECHNOLOGINIŲ SAVYBIŲ TYRIMAS
Authors: Mikalauskas Gediminas , Černašėjus Olegas
Published: April 2016

The repair of chemical industry equipments often requires to replace long time operated pipes or welded inserts with the simi-lar chemical composition. During the study the joints from corro-sion resistant steel X6CrNiTi18-10 were welded by manual metal arc welding with covered electrodes (MMA process 111) and tungsten inert gas welding (TIG process 141) at different welding parameters. The visual, radiographic, penetrant control and ferrite content analysis were carried out. The transverse tensile and bending samples were produced from welded samples; also the macroscopic and microscopic analyse were carried out.
Atliekant chemijos pramonės įrenginių remontą, dažnai tenka pakeisti ilgą laiką eksploatuotus vamzdžius ar įvirinti analogiškos cheminės sudėties intarpus. Tyrimo metu suvirintų jungčių bandomieji pavyzdžiai iš korozijai atsparaus plieno X6CrNiTi18-10 buvo suvirinti rankiniu lankiniu būdu glaistytaisiais elektrodais (111 MMA procesas) ir lankiniu suvirinimu volframo elektrodu inertinėse dujose (141 TIG procesas), esant skirtingiems suvirinimo režimų parametrams. Suvirintiems bandiniams buvo atlikta vizualinė, radiografinė, spalvinė kontrolė, nustatytas išsiskyrusio ferito kiekis. Iš suvirintų ruošinių buvo pagaminti skersinio tempimo, lenkimo bandiniai, taip pat atlikti virintinių jungčių makroskopinis ir mikroskopinis tyrimai.
RESEARCH OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY COMPOSITION AND PHYSICAL FITNESS / RYŠIO TARP KŪNO SUDĖTIES IR FIZINIO PAJĖGUMO TYRIMAS
Authors: Taraškevičius Dainius , Šešok Andžela
Published: April 2016

The article deals with importance and adaptation options of body composition and physical fitness. Measurement methodology of body composition and physical fitness was done. Skinfold caliper and bioelectrical impedance analysis techniques was used to obtain body composition parameters. Physical fitness was measured using veloergometry, sit-ups, sit-and-reach, flamingo balance, plate tapping and back muscle dynamometer tests. After research relationship was established between: muscle mass and maximum oxygen uptake (for female, r = −0,635, p < 0,05), muscle mass and sit-ups results (for female, r = 0,514, p > 0,05), bone mass and maximum oxygen uptake (for female, r = −0,636, p < 0,05), body fat mass and maximum oxygen uptake (for male, 0,580 r = − , 0,05 p < ), body fat mass and sit-and-reach results (for male, r = − 0,601, p < 0,05), total body water and maximum oxygen uptake (for male, r = 0,537 , p < 0,05 ), total body water and sit-and-reach results (for male, r = 0,559 , p < 0,05). Straipsnyje nagrinėjama kūno kompozicijos ir fizinio pajėgumo tyrimų svarba bei pritaikymo galimybės. Sudaryta kūno kompozicijos ir fizinio pajėgumo matavimo metodika. Kūno kompozicijos parametrams gauti naudojami odos raukšlių kaliperio ir bioelektrinės varžos analizės būdai, o fizinis pajėgumas vertinamas taikant veloergometriją, sėstis-gultis, sėstis-siekti, pusiausvyros, tepingo ir nugaros raumenų dinamometro testus. Atlikus tyrimus nustatytas ryšys tarp: raumenų masės ir maksimalaus deguonies suvartojimo (moterims, r = − 0,635, p < 0,05 ), raumenų masės ir atsilenkimų skaičiaus (moterims, r =0,514 , p > 0,05), kaulų masės ir maksimalaus deguonies suvartojimo (moterims, r = − 0,636, p < 0,05 ), kūno riebalų kiekio ir maksimalaus deguonies suvartojimo (vyrams, r = − 0,580, p < 0,05 ), kūno riebalų kiekio ir siekimo atstumo (vyrams, r = − 0,601 , p < 0,05 ), kūno vandens kiekio ir maksimalaus deguonies suvartojimo (vyrams, r = 0,537 , p < 0,05 ), kūno vandens kiekio ir siekimo atstumo (vyrams, r = 0,559 , p < 0,05).
Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Braconidae
Authors: Broad Gavin , Shaw Mark , Godfray H. Charles
Published: April 2016

The checklist of British and Irish Braconidae is revised, based in large part on the collections of the National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, and the Natural History Museum, London. Distribution records are provided at the country level together with extensive synonymy and bibliography.

Of the 1,338 species regarded as valid, presumed native and certainly identified, 83 are here recorded for the first time from the British Isles. One new synonym is established (Dyscritus suffolciensis Morley, 1933 = Syntretus splendidus (Marshall, 1887) syn. nov.)
La croissance économique est-elle encore possible ? Est-elle encore souhaitable ? Qu’en est-il de l’Europe ?
Authors: Matelly Sylvie
Published: April 2016

La croissance est souvent perçue comme l’objectif ultime, la condition à de meilleures conditions de vie, à l’emploi et au développement. Pour autant, elle est souvent brisée par la crise. Les temps actuels nous en montre une illustration flagrante et elle apparaît plus incertaine que jamais. Elle est par ailleurs aussi facteurs de « nuisances » et d’effets pervers tels le réchauffement climatique ou diverses pollutions, les inégalités, la spéculation etc. Pourquoi alors semble-t-elle si importante ? Cet article revient sur ce concept somme toute très récent dont on n’appréhende le plus souvent que les atouts parce que finalement la croissance est source de toujours plus, comme une illusion que tout va bien. Elle permet en effet de donner un peu plus à certains sans priver d’autres mais elle permet aussi d’éviter un questionnement voire une remise en cause systémique quant à nos modes de vie, d’échange et de partage. Il est alors opportun de se demander si elle est encore possible ? Encore souhaitable ?
Croissance et population
Authors: Bersay Claude
Published: April 2016

La concomitance d’une croissance exponentielle de l’économie et de la population constitue, à brève échéance, une menace pour la planète.
Approcher, comprendre, maitriser l’orthographe grammaticale au CE1
Authors: David Jacques , Wattelet Sandrine
Published: April 2016

L’étude s’appuie sur un ensemble de recherches linguistiques, psycholinguistiques, didactiques et sur l’analyse de séquences de réécriture collectives, enregistrées, transcrites et organisées en corpus. Elle tend à montrer comment de jeunes élèves de CE1 (deuxième primaire) construisent des connaissances grammaticales et des procédures orthographiques progressivement ajustées aux accords catégoriels de genre, de nombre et de personne. Dans les dispositifs mis en œuvre (dictée révisée, réécritures collaboratives, dialogues entre pairs, interactions d’étayage...), les élèves parviennent à dépasser des critères spontanés, de type sémantique et/ou référenciel, pour formuler des raisonnements heuristiques et à terme plus opératoires. Le travail de révision individuel ou collectif révèle en effet des raisonnements souvent efficients de la part des jeunes scripteurs, et montre comment ils acquièrent les savoirs linguistiques en jeu. La démonstration se conclut sur l’importance d’ajuster les interactions verbales, d’assurer un étayage métalinguistique, de permettre la construction de connaissances et de savoir-faire cohérents, jusqu’à la maitrise accomplie des accords orthographiques normés.
Subjectivations computationnelles à l’ erre numérique
Authors: Citton Yves
Published: April 2016

Peut-on parler de subjectivités computationnelles dès lors que nous communiquons parfois avec des bots algorithmiques sans même le savoir ? L’article passe rapidement en revue neuf modalités d’articulations possibles entre subjectivation et computation : opacification, rigidification, exploitation, superposition, exclusion, extension-augmentation, interpénétration, altérité et, finalement, errement. Pourquoi ne pas apprendre à faire du computationnel – et de l’incomputable qu’il recèle nécessairement – une nouvelle forme d’altérité culturelle ? Cela implique toutefois de reconnaître un certain erratisme inhérent à l’expérience humaine de programmation. Bienvenue dans l’ erre numérique !
Esprit d’équipe
Authors: Guess Jeff , Citton Yves
Published: April 2016

Un texte sur les sports de compétition – là où s’éprouvent les limites physiques du « soi-disant Homme » (selon la formule de Kittler) – et leur interdépendance croissante avec des algorithmes utilisés pour prendre des décisions stratégiques, améliorer les performances, alimenter les ligues Fantasy , écrire des commentaires des matchs et créer pour les fans des expériences symbiotiques avec les écrans géants vidéo placés dans les stades.
Un défi démocratique : la quête d’autorité et de reconnaissance des jeunes hommes des quartiers populaires
Authors: Bordet Joëlle
Published: April 2016

Cet article a pour sujet le défi démocratique que représente la quête d’autorité des jeunes hommes des quartiers populaires urbains. Au delà des stéréotypes et du sentiment d’indignité vécu par les jeunes les plus « fixés » dans les quartiers, ces derniers sont au prise aujourd’hui avec une figure politico-médiatique essentialisée du « musulman ». L’identification à cette figure influence leur demande de reconnaissance et de légitimité mais aussi d’ordre et d’autorité, en particulier, dans les rapports hommes-femmes. Ce processus n’est pas nouveau mais il tend à se cristalliser dans une affirmation idéologique qui interroge et met en cause des processus démocratiques, en particulier d’égalité dans les rapports de genre. Cette dynamique concerne à la fois les jeunes hommes et les jeunes femmes. En référence à l’ouvrage Au péril de l’ordre de Sophie de Mijolla-Mellor, cet article propose une alternative démocratique pour répondre à la demande d’autorité et d’ordre des jeunes des quartiers populaires et transformer le risque de fermeture autoritaire crée par cet essentialisme du « musulman », analysé précédemment.
Le regard dans la cure psychanalytique. Interdiction ou répression ?
Authors: Roth Berta
Published: April 2016

On ne conteste plus l’idée que c’est le récit du patient qui donne forme à ce qui est informe. Ce qui est moins acquis est que la Forme que prend parfois le récit montre l’informe qui cherche à dire. Nous faisons référence à ces Formes non interprétables comme peuvent l’être un son, une odeur, un geste, un bruit ou autre, quand ils surgissent dans la séance comme des bizarreries ou des actes « inopportuns ». De les interroger on constate que ces actes que l’on considère parfois comme des hystérisassions du discours, sont en réalité des « Signes », des appels pleins de sens face à une parole interdite.
Prevalence of Symptomatic Lumbar Spondylolysis in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Nitta Akihiro , Sakai Toshinori , Goda Yuichiro , Takata Yoichiro , Higashino Kosaku , Sakamaki Tadanori , Sairyo Koichi
Published: April 2016

Lumbar spondylolysis, a stress fracture of the pars interarticularis, is prevalent in adolescent athletes. Recent advances in diagnostic tools and techniques enable early diagnosis before these fractures progress to complete fractures through the pars. However, because patients often consult family physicians for primary care of low back pain and these physicians may not have access to diagnostic modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography, stress fractures can be missed. This study surveyed the prevalence of symptomatic spondylolysis in pediatric patients who consulted an orthopedic clinic for primary care and investigated whether such acute stress fractures may be overlooked without MRI. The prospective study investigated 264 patients who were younger than 19 years and had low back pain. Of the 153 patients (58.0%) with low back pain persisting for longer than 2 weeks, 136 who agreed to undergo MRI were included in the study. This group included 11 elementary school students, 71 junior high school students, and 54 high school students. The overall prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis was 39.7% (54 of 136) and was 9.3% in elementary school students (5 of 11, 45.5%), 59.3% in junior high school students (32 of 71, 45.1%), and 31.5% in high school students (17 of 54, 31.5%). All 54 patients with spondylolysis had a history of athletic activity. Primary care physicians should recognize that approximately 40% of pediatric patients presenting with low back pain persisting for longer than 2 weeks may have spondylolysis and should consider MRI in those with a history of athletic activity. Because the spine is immature in this age group, almost half of affected elementary school and junior high school students may have lumbar spondylolysis. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(3):e434–e437.]
Efficiency of artificial collectors for quantitative assessment of sea urchin settlement rates
Authors: Balsalobre Marc , Wangensteen Owen S. , Palacín Creu , Clemente Sabrina , Hernández José Carlos
Published: April 2016

We tested the suitability of three different kinds of artificial collectors designed for quantitative assessment of echinoid settlement rates: (1) nylon nets containing plastic biofilter balls, (2) vertical scrub brushes with vegetal bristles and (3) horizontal triangular mats of coconut fibre. We measured the collecting efficiency by counting the number of post-larvae of two sea urchin species (Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula) gathered by each collector and deployed in two geographic areas: Tenerife (Canary Islands, eastern Atlantic) and Tossa de Mar (Costa Brava, northwestern Mediterranean). The plastic biofilter ball collector proved to be the most efficient design, collecting more settlers of both sea urchin species under all assayed conditions and showing a higher reproducibility than the other two designs. We therefore suggest using plastic biofilter balls in future studies aimed at quantifying echinoid settlement rates.
Les cadres surchargés par leurs emails : déploiement de l’activité et expérience vécue
Authors: Créno Lisa , Cahour Béatrice
Published: April 2016

L’article vise à comprendre les caractéristiques de l’activité de gestion des emails et les expériences vécues associées de cadres s’estimant surchargés par leurs emails. Une triangulation des méthodes a été mise en place pour parvenir à éclairer différents points de vue de l’activité. Des journées d’observation, des journaux de bord, des entretiens « resituants » et un questionnaire ont été menés auprès de deux panels de cadres surchargés volontaires. Cet article s’appuie sur la description détaillée de 4 cas de cadres particulièrement débordés par leurs emails, aux procédures de gestion et de régulation des emails différents. Les résultats décrivent les contextes socio-professionnels de ces cadres, le phénomène de gestion continue des emails leur permettant de tenter de faire face à l’explosion d’emails mais aussi les effets délétères sur leur santé et efficacité au travail. L’article souligne les spécificités des phases de lecture/classement/rédaction d’emails, coûteuses cognitivement et émotionnellement pour ces cadres surchargés. L’identification d’emails « problématiques » et les émotions négatives associées sont apparues comme l’une des originalités de l’étude, marquant à nouveau le manque de repères et de règles communes aux usages hétérogènes du média. Enfin, des recommandations permettent de discuter des perspectives à donner à la messagerie électronique.
ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC BALANCE CONTROL IN TRANSTIBIAL AMPUTEES WITH USE OF A POWERED PROSTHETIC FOOT
Authors: Resseguie Shaun C. , Jin Li , Hahn Michael E.
Published: April 2016

Powered prosthetic feet (PPF) are designed to provide transtibial amputees (TTA) with active propulsion and range of motion similar to that of the biological limb. Previous studies have demonstrated the PPF’s ability to increase TTA walking speeds while reducing the energetic costs, however, little is known about its effects on dynamic balance control. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess dynamic balance control in TTA subjects during level ground walking and obstacle-crossing tasks. Control subjects ([Formula: see text]) and TTA subjects ([Formula: see text]) were instructed to complete a series of functional walking tasks. The TTA subjects completed the walking protocol twice, first in their passive energy-storing prosthetic foot (ESPF) and again in the prescribed PPF after two weeks of acclimation. Motion data were collected via a 10-camera system with a 53-marker and 15-segment body model. Whole body medial-lateral center of mass motion (displacement and peak velocity) was analyzed and used as a functional indicator of dynamic balance control. Findings indicate no difference in the dynamic balance control of TTA wearing the PPF compared to the ESPF. However, there was an observed trend of walking speed and obstacle height affecting balance control within the groups.
Real-Name Registration Regulation in China
Authors: Yang Kenneth C. C. , Kang Yowei
Published: April 2016

On February 4, 2015, China announced its new regulations that require all Chinese Internet users to register with their real names. The heightened control of Internet clearly demonstrates Chinese government's concerns over increasing social unrests and the abilities of Chinese Internet users to access information not censored by the government. However, the real-name registration regime has posed the greatest challenge to the anonymity of the Internet that many Chinese users have valued in an authoritarian society. Furthermore, the real-name registration system also impinges on Chinese Internet users' privacy, political freedom, and freedom of speech. This book chapter analyzes microblog discussions to examine existing Chinese censorship and control systems on the Internet, to investigate government's rhetoric to justify its censorship and control systems, and to identify major themes in Chinese netizens' reactions and discourses.
Media Coverage of the 2009 Afghan Presidential Election
Authors: Strelluf Christopher
Published: April 2016

This chapter examines news stories about Afghanistan's 2009 presidential election from six Afghan news sources. It characterizes the overall topic selections of Afghan news sources, their election-focused topics, and some of the ways that election stories are framed for readers. It finds that, despite tremendous obstacles that journalists faced in Afghanistan, the news sources leveled a range of critiques against incumbent president Hamid Karzai, the Afghan government, and foreign governments. In particular, accusations of corruption were a prominent and unifying theme. At the same time, foreign news sources and stories focusing on foreign interests were heavily represented in Afghan news sources, leaving doubt as to how much the perspectives and experiences of Afghans were represented in media.
Shades of the GNU in Zimbabwe (2009 – 13)
Authors: Sabao Collen
Published: April 2016

The chapter seeks to make a comparative analysis of the representations of Zimbabwe's GNU in Zimbabwean newspapers – The Herald and NewsDay with regards to two main issues of contention – the Zimbabwe Sanctions Debate and the constitution making process. It is important to note that Zimbabwe at the time of the GNU was under European Union (EU) and United States of America imposed ‘sanctions' and the sanctions debate constituted one of the most contentious issues with regards to the relations between the parties to the GNU. As such, it examines the discourse linguistic question of ‘objectivity' (or ‘neutrality') in ‘hard' news reports on the matter in these newspapers and from an Appraisal linguistic theoretic perspective. It compares the textuality of purposively sampled ‘hard' news reports in The Herald and NewsDay that evince the political relations between the parties to the GNU and the functionalities of the GNU in general during the period between September 2009 and June 2013.
A CGE Analysis of the Effects of Global Climate Change Mitigation Policies on India
Authors: Pradhan Basanta K. , Ghosh Joydeep
Published: April 2016

This paper compares the effects of a global carbon tax and a global emissions trading regime on India using a dynamic CGE framework. The sensitivity of the results to the value of a crucial elasticity parameter is also analysed. The results suggest that the choice of the mitigation policy is relatively unimportant from an efficiency perspective. However, the choice of the mitigation policy and the value of the substitution elasticity between value added and energy were found to be important determinants of welfare effects. Global climate change mitigation policies have the potential for promoting low carbon and inclusive growth in India.
Economic Value of Regulating and Cultural Ecosystem Services of Oasean Biome
Authors: Karmaoui Ahmed
Published: April 2016

The oasean rangelands surrounding and the scattered steppic area, is commonly viewed as degraded landscapes. The dynamics of oasean ecosystems is indeed affected by human and climatic disturbances and stresses which induce desertification processes. In this context, the objectives of this research are to identify and quantify ecosystem services as a tool for measuring changes in arid lands. Monetization has enabled a more complete diagnosis of ecosystems and their ecosystem services. In this paper, we examine the economic value of the regulating and cultural ecosystem services provided by the oases of Middle Draa Valley (MDV), which is part of Biosphere Reserve of southern Moroccan Oasis (UNESCO). The economic values are standardized to US$ per hectare per year (2008-2010 period prices). The total value of regulating services is found to be 2478,9 US$/ha/year for the arable area (26000ha) and 43,14 US$/ha/year for the whole Middle Draa Valley (1500 000ha). The economic value of the cultural services in the arable area is 1776,8 US$/ha/year and 30,83US$/ha/year for the total area.
Security Risks of Mobile Commerce
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Jain Rachna , Madan Sushila
Published: April 2016

Mobile commerce (m-commerce) is evolving as an alternative to E-commerce services. M-commerce is a type of e-commerce which emphases on the use of services on handheld devices. It is becoming very popular among users because of ease of connectivity and its usage. With increase in the demand, it becomes essential to provide security to the services used on mobile. The user is using the mobile devices to make their secure payments and transactions. It becomes essential to increase security layers in the m-commerce to provide privacy to the user. The security risks in m-commerce are increasing exponentially. This chapter investigates the security breaches and the solutions associated with the m-commerce. It also focuses on the network services and problem related with device and user authentication. Many algorithms are proposed to make the device and the transaction safe. It is compulsory to make m-payment method very safe and secure, so that user can trust m-commerce to use their sensitive personal information.
Crowdsourcing Dispute Resolution
Authors: Luz Nuno , Poblet Marta , Silva Nuno
Published: April 2016

After almost one decade of active research into human computation and crowdsourcing, several approaches and business models based on crowdsourcing have emerged, managing and distributing work to the crowd. Dispute resolution approaches may incorporate crowdsourcing as a step to retrieve relevant data. The reverse relationship has also become a tendency, where crowdsourcing approaches are close to incorporate dispute resolution techniques to perform quality control and data aggregation or filtering. This chapter provides an introduction to crowdsourcing and its relationship with dispute resolution. A discussion regarding the apparent symbiotic relationship between these two research domains is also presented, along with an overview of several approaches and use cases of particular interest.
Dok1 and Dok2 Proteins Regulate Cell Cycle in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells
Authors: Coppin Emilie , De Grandis Maria , Pandolfi Pier Paolo , Arcangeli Marie-Laure , Aurrand-Lions Michel , Nunès Jacques A.
Published: April 2016

Dok1 and Dok2 proteins play a crucial role in myeloid cell proliferation as demonstrated by Dok1 and Dok2 gene inactivation, which induces a myeloproliferative disease in aging mice. In this study, we show that Dok1/Dok2 deficiency affects myeloproliferation even at a young age. An increase in the cellularity of multipotent progenitors is observed in young Dok1/Dok2-deficient mice. This is associated with an increase in the cells undergoing cell cycle, which is restricted to myeloid committed progenitors. Furthermore, cellular stress triggered by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment potentiates the effects of the loss of Dok proteins on multipotent progenitor cell cycle. In addition, Dok1/Dok2 deficiency induces resistance to 5-FU–induced hematopoietic stem cell exhaustion. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Dok1 and Dok2 proteins are involved in the control of hematopoietic stem cell cycle regulation.
Primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicles. A review of the literature
Authors: Katafigiotis Ioannis , Sfoungaristos Stavros , Duvdevani Mordechai , Mitsos Panagiotis , Roumelioti Eleni , Stravodimos Konstantinos , Anastasiou Ioannis , Constantinides Constantinos A.
Published: April 2016

Primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicles (SV) are extremely rare and approximately only 60 cases have been reported in the literature. Due to the lack of specific symptoms the patients often present in an advanced stage of their disease. The only clinical examination that can indicate the presence of a neoplasm in the SVs is the digital rectal examination (DRE). Serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) and prostate specific acid phosphatase (PAP) are usually normal in patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the SV and only CA-125 can be proved a useful blood biomarker contributing to the diagnosis and the follow up of the SV adenocarcinoma. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and FDG-PET/CT have been used for the diagnosis and the staging of the SV adenocarcinoma. Various combinations of radical surgery, radiotherapy androgen deprivation therapy and chemotherapy have been proposed for the management of the disease but the prognosis is poor and the mean survival is two years after the diagnosis.
A novel cannulation technique for difficult urethral catheterization
Authors: Kaynar Mehmet , Akand Murat , Goktas Serdar
Published: April 2016

Introduction: To propose a novel cannulation technique for difficult urethral catheterization procedures. Technique: The sheath tip of an intravenous catheter is cut off, replaced to the needle tip and pushed through the distal drainage side hole to Foley catheter tip, and finally withdrawn for cannulation. In situations making urethral catheterization difficult, a guide wire is placed under direct vision. The modified Foley catheter is slid successfully over the guide wire from its distal end throughout the urethral passage into the bladder. Results: The modified Foley catheter was used successfully in our clinic in cases requiring difficult urethral catheterization. Conclusions: This easy and rapid modification of a Foley catheter may minimize the potential complications of blind catheter placement in standard catheterization.
Painful ultrasound detected lesion in the proximal part of the corpus cavernosum: A case of so called “partial priapism”?
Authors: Fabiani Andrea , Tombolini Flavia , Fioretti Fabrizio , Servi Lucilla , Mammana Gabriele
Published: April 2016

Partial priapism is a rare disorder generally described in literature as related to an idiopathic etiology leading to the thrombosis of the corpus cavernosum. Despite his rarity, this condition has been described in the last years with an increased frequency. It is characterized by thrombosis of the proximal segment of one corpus cavernosum with perineal pain as the more frequent clinical manifestation. Few cases were associated with perineal trauma. Instrumental appearance suggests for an hematoma in the interstitium of the proximal part of corpus cavernosum. Therapy is still controversial. We report a case of a 52-years old man referred to our Section of Urology suffering from a perineal pain occurred without trauma, sexual arousal or sexual intercourse, during the working office time. Laboratory revealed a slightly elevated white blood cells count. The full blood count, protein C reactive, electrolytes, international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time and urinalysis were within normal range. Tunica albuginea was normal. The partial thrombosis of the right corpus cavernosum was hypothesized. Treatment was conservative with non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Only the clinical presentation of symptoms and perineal ultrasound scan performed with color sonography leaded to the diagnosis. Eleven days later, at the clinical and ultrasonographic follow-up visit, the patient was asymptomatic with a total clinical and instrumental disappearance of signs of the corpus cavernosum involvement previously described. Considering the rarity of the condition, we performed a literature review.
A brief cognitive-behavioral intervention for stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms in dental students
Authors: Gònzalez Gabriel , Quezada Vanetza E.
Published: April 2016

The objective of the study was to implement a brief cognitive-behavioral psychological intervention focused on helping dental students to cope with symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression and to describe the main reasons for consulting and the changes perceived by participants of this intervention. The study consisted of an A-B-C design of a series of individual cases, with evaluations at the beginning of treatment, during treatment, and one month after the last session. The sample was composed of five university students who voluntarily requested psychological care for symptoms related to their studies and work in dentistry. To evaluate the symptoms we used the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ) 45.2, the Dental Environment Stress Questionnaire and a semi-structured exit interview. After attending 8 sessions, all 5 participants reduced their perceived stress in the dental environment. Two of the 5 participants initially had dysfunctional scores according to the questionnaire OQ-45.2 and by the end had normal scores. At the same time, the other 3 participants maintained their scores in the normal range. These results match the qualitative outcomes obtained from the exit interview. The participants reported improved coping skills after the intervention. The main limitation is that it was a non-experimental study; likewise causation cannot be attributed to the intervention and generalizations cannot be formed based on so few cases. Nevertheless, the results were promising in that the dentistry students reported that the intervention was necessary and useful for their psychological well-being.
Beliefs and attitudes of male and female adolescents and the risk of smoking behavior
Authors: Kasim K , Al-Zalabani A , Abd El-Moneim ES , Abd El-Moneim S
Published: April 2016

Background:

Adolescent smoking relates to numerous risk factors, of which beliefs and attitudes toward smoking may play a role. The study aimed to investigate the association between beliefs and attitudes and the risk of adolescent smoking.

Materials and Methods:

In a school-based cross-sectional study, 3,400 students were recruited from 34 intermediate and secondary schools in Madinah City, Al Madinah Region, Saudi Arabia. Data about sociodemographics, smoking-related factors, and beliefs and attitudes toward smoking were collected using a valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire. Prevalence of smoking was estimated and the studied beliefs and attitudes were compared by smoking status and sex using appropriate statistical analyses including multivariate logistic regression.

Results:

Of the 3,322 respondents, 33.02% (38.9% males and 26.4% females) were current smokers. Beliefs and attitudes toward smoking significantly differed between smokers and nonsmokers in the studied male and female students. The adjusted risk of smoking was significantly increased among female adolescents who believed that male smokers were more attractive [odds ratio (OR) = 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.6-2.9] and among male smokers who believed that female smokers are more attractive (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.2-2.2). The risk was also increased among all adolescents who believed that smoking lent comfort in social gatherings. Belief that smoking is harmful, however, was negatively associated with the risk of smoking, particularly among females (OR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.35-0.91).

Conclusions:

The study revealed a considerable high prevalence of smoking among male and female adolescents. Addressing the beliefs and knowledge about smoking during childhood is crucial in any antismoking program.
Free radicals hasten head and neck cancer risk
Authors: Singh AK , Pandey P , Tewari M , Pandey HP , Gambhir IS , Shukla HS
Published: April 2016

Background:

Free radicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce oxidative stress, are the main contributors to head and neck carcinogenesis (HNC). The present study was conducted with the aim to assess the oxidant/antioxidant status and DNA damage analysis in head and neck cancer/control patients.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective study was conducted on 60 patients with biopsy-proven HNC and 17 patients of head and neck disease (HND). The total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined by novel automatic colorimetric methods from tissue homogenate. DNA damage analysis was determined by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE).

Results:

The mean age of the study cohort was 46.65 ± 14.84 years for HNC patients, while it was 49.41 ± 13.00 years for HND patients. There were no significant differences found between the two groups with respect to demographic presentation except tobacco addiction. The association between oxidative stress parameters and DNA damage analysis with study group revealed the following. (A) DNA damage - tissue homogenate TOS and OSI were significantly higher in HNC subjects than in HND (16.06 ± 1.78 AU vs 7.86 ± 5.97 AU, P < 0.001; 53.00 ± 40.61 vs 19.67 ± 21.90, P < 0.01; 7.221 ± 5.80 vs 2.40 ± 2.54, P < 0.01, respectively), while TAS was significantly decreased. (B) Aggressive histological features were identified, more commonly with higher TOS and lower TAS [probability (P) = 0.002, relative risk (RR) = 11.838, 95% confidence interval CI = 2.514-55.730 and P = 0.043, RR = 0.271, 95% CI = 0.077-0.960, respectively].

Conclusion:

The increase in free radicals may be the event that led to the reduction of antioxidant status in HNC, thus explaining the oxidative damage of DNA and the severity of disease. Increased OSI represents a general mechanism in its pathogenesis.
Singularities of Solutions of Quasilinear Partial Differential Equations in a Complex Domain
Authors: Uchikoshi Keisuke
Published: April 2016

We consider the Cauchy problem for a quasilinear partial differential equation of an arbitrary order in a complex domain. We assume that the initial data have singularities along complex submanifolds. We show that if the characteristic roots are distinct, the singularities of the solution propagate along the characteristic complex submanifolds.
Точное решение задачи оптимального инвестирования в модели Хестона
Authors: Boguslavskaya Elena Bladimirovna , Muravey Dmitry
Published: April 2016

В данной статье рассматривается вариант задачи Мертона со стохастической волатильностью для случая конечного временного горизонта. Известно, что такая задача оптимального управления при некоторых предположениях относительно случайного процесса и функции полезности может быть сведена к линейной параболической краевой задаче. Соответствующее уравнениe в частных производных очень редко можно решить аналитически, даже в линейном случае. Полученное нами аналитическое решение пополняет список задач оптимального управления стохастическими процессами, для которых существует точное решение. В настоящей работе мы находим точное решение для задачи оптимального инвестирования в модели Хестона.
Še enkrat o neoliberalizmu I: ekonomija
Authors: Krašovec Primož
Published: April 2016

Že vsaj od začetka nedavne recesije leta 2008 je javni prostor poln razprav o neoliberalizmu, kjer je neoliberalizem razumljen kot igra ničelne vsote med državo in ekonomijo, v kateri ekonomija (vsaj začasno) zmaguje, tj. kot prenos predobstoječe »družbene logike« kapitalistične ekonomije na področje javnih institucij in javne uprave, kar naj bi pomenilo vrnitev v deregulirani, liberalni kapitalizem 19. stoletja skozi procese množičnega razlaščanja in privatizacij, iracionalnega razraščanja finančne sfere in širitve neoliberalne ekonomske ideologije. Teza tega članka je nasprotna: neoliberalizem spremeni delovanje – tako delovanje države kot ekonomije in je nov, in ne povratniški socioekonomski in politični proces. V članku se ukvarjamo predvsem z ekonomsko razsežnostjo neoliberalizma (vitka produkcija, nove oblike dela in financializacija), pri čemer poskušamo zajeti tako novost kot kompleksnost neoliberalnih sprememb.
Precipitation and synoptic regime in two extreme years 2009 and 2010 at Dome C, Antarctica – implications for ice core interpretation
Authors: Schlosser Elisabeth , Stenni Barbara , Valt Mauro , Cagnati Anselmo , Powers Jordan G. , Manning Kevin W. , Raphael Marilyn , Duda Michael G.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. At the East Antarctic deep ice core drilling site Dome C, daily precipitation measurements were initiated in 2006 and are being continued until today. The amounts and stable isotope ratios of the precipitation samples as well as crystal types are determined. Within the measuring period, the two years 2009 and 2010 showed striking contrasting temperature and precipitation anomalies, particularly in the winter seasons. The reasons for these anomalies are analysed using data from the mesoscale atmospheric model WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting Model) run under the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS). 2009 was relatively warm and moist due to frequent warm air intrusions connected to amplification of Rossby waves in the circumpolar westerlies, whereas the winter of 2010 was extremely dry and cold. It is shown that while in 2010 a strong zonal atmospheric flow was dominant, in 2009 an enhanced meridional flow prevailed, which increased the meridional transport of heat and moisture onto the East Antarctic plateau and led to a number of high-precipitation/warming events at Dome C. This was also evident in a positive (negative) SAM (Southern Annular Mode) index and a negative (positive) ZW3 (zonal wave number three) index during the winter months of 2010 (2009). Changes in the frequency or seasonality of such event-type precipitation can lead to a strong bias in the air temperature derived from stable water isotopes in ice cores.
Open-loop GPS signal tracking at low elevation angles from a ground-based observation site
Authors: Beyerle Georg , Zus Florian
Published: April 2016

Abstract. A one-year data set of ground-based GPS signal observations aiming at geometric elevation angles below +2° is analyzed. Within the "GLESER" measurement campaign about 2600 validated setting events were recorded by the "OpenGPS" open-loop tracking receiver at an observation site located at 52.3808° N, 13.0642° E between January and December 2014. The measurements confirm the feasibility of open-loop signal tracking down to geometric elevation angles of −1° to −1.5° extending the corresponding closed-loop tracking range by up to 1°. The study is based on the premise that observations of low-elevation events by a ground-based receiver may serve as test cases for space-based radio occultation measurements, even if the latter proceed at a significantly faster temporal scale. The results support the conclusion that the open-loop Doppler model has negligible influence on the derived carrier frequency profile for strong signal-to-noise density ratios above about 30 dB Hz. At lower signal levels, however, the "OpenGPS" receiver's dual-channel design, which tracks the same signal using two Doppler models with a 10 Hz offset, uncovers a notable bias. The repeat patterns of the GPS orbit traces in terms of azimuth angle reveal characteristic signatures in both, signal amplitude and Doppler frequency with respect to the topography close to the observation site. On the other hand, vertical refractivity gradients extracted from ECMWF meteorological fields correlate moderately well with observed signal amplitude fluctuations at negative geometric elevation angles emphasizing the information content of low-elevation GPS signals with respect to the atmospheric state within the planetary boundary layer.
3-D water vapor field in the atmospheric boundary layer observed with scanning differential absorption lidar
Authors: Späth Florian , Behrendt Andreas , Muppa Shravan Kumar , Metzendorf Simon , Riede Andrea , Wulfmeyer Volker
Published: April 2016

Abstract. High-resolution three-dimensional (3-D) water vapor data of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) are required to improve our understanding of land–atmosphere exchange processes. For this purpose, the scanning differential absorption lidar (DIAL) of the University of Hohenheim (UHOH) was developed as well as new analysis tools and visualization methods. The instrument determines 3-D fields of the atmospheric water vapor number density with a temporal resolution of a few seconds and a spatial resolution of up to a few tens of meters. We present three case studies from two field campaigns. In spring 2013, the UHOH DIAL was operated within the scope of the HD(CP)2 Observational Prototype Experiment (HOPE) in western Germany. HD(CP)2 stands for High Definition of Clouds and Precipitation for advancing Climate Prediction and is a German research initiative. Range–height indicator (RHI) scans of the UHOH DIAL show the water vapor heterogeneity within a range of a few kilometers up to an altitude of 2 km and its impact on the formation of clouds at the top of the ABL. The uncertainty of the measured data was assessed for the first time by extending a technique to scanning data, which was formerly applied to vertical time series. Typically, the accuracy of the DIAL measurements is between 0.5 and 0.8 g m−3 (or < 6 %) within the ABL even during daytime. This allows for performing a RHI scan from the surface to an elevation angle of 90° within 10 min. In summer 2014, the UHOH DIAL participated in the Surface Atmosphere Boundary Layer Exchange (SABLE) campaign in southwestern Germany. Conical volume scans were made which reveal multiple water vapor layers in three dimensions. Differences in their heights in different directions can be attributed to different surface elevation. With low-elevation scans in the surface layer, the humidity profiles and gradients can be related to different land cover such as maize, grassland, and forest as well as different surface layer stabilities.