bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
g-C3N4 modified by cobalt–nickel bimetallic phosphide for highly efficient photocatalytic removal of methylene blue
Authors: Zhang Jinpu , Wang Xiaoyu , Du Ruihan , Sun Siyang , Yu Shuyi , Kang Chunli
Published: August 2024

Graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) has shown great potential in photocatalysis. Developing suitable cocatalysts is a critical way to enhance gCN's photocatalytic performance.
Design and synthesis of copper(ii) and nickel(ii) complexes as potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA binding protein and Omicron RBD protein
Authors: Ahmad Reyaz , Choudhary Mukesh
Published: August 2024

Two bis-Schiff base metal(ii) complexes [Cu(L)2](1) and [Ni(L)2](2) were designed and synthesized as potential inhibitors for the development of new anti-SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and anti-HIV drugs.
Alginate nanoparticle synthesis using n-heptane and isopropyl myristate/AOT reverse micelles: the impact of the non-polar solvent, water content, and pH on the particle size and cross-linking efficiency
Authors: Duque Fanny Melina , Mariano Correa N. , Dario Falcone R.
Published: August 2024

The synthesis of monodisperse and stable alginate nanoparticles (ALG-NPs) was achieved through the crosslinking of sodium alginate with Ca2+ ions within sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) reverse micelles (RMs) as nano-templates.
Theoretical investigation of the core-related electronic and charge transport properties of 2D expanded small molecule hole-transporting materials
Authors: Zhu Xiaorui , Yang Maosen , Sun Zhu-Zhu
Published: August 2024

Three novel 2D expanded small molecule hole-transporting materials are designed by employing benzene-fused π-conjugated systems as the core units.
Multi-responsive poly-catecholamine nanomembranes
Authors: Krysztofik Adam , Warżajtis Marta , Pochylski Mikołaj , Boecker Marcel , Yu Jiyao , Marchesi D'Alvise Tommaso , Puła Przemysław , Majewski Paweł W. , Synatschke Christopher V. , Weil Tanja , Graczykowski Bartlomiej
Published: August 2024

The contraction of nanomaterials triggered by stimuli can be harnessed for micro- and nanoscale energy harvesting, sensing, and artificial muscles toward manipulation and directional motion.
Evaluation of polymer–preservative interactions for preservation efficacy: molecular dynamics simulation and QSAR approaches
Authors: Xu Qisong , Chow Pui Shan , Xi Erte , Marsh Randy , Gupta Shikar , Gupta Krishna M.
Published: August 2024

A computational approach for guiding appropriate selection of polymers and preservatives, and ultimately for accelerating the rational design of high efficacy preservative systems.
A promising strategy to improve the stability and immunogenicity of killed but metabolically active vaccines: low-temperature preparation and coating of nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao Ning , Li Jia-Xv , Han Yong-Jiao , Lv Li-Ping , Deng Jiang , Zhang Yan-Yu
Published: August 2024

Bacterial vaccines were produced using photochemistry (4 °C) and nanoparticle coating. Moreover, the properties were evaluated in detail.
Deep learning-driven forward and inverse design of nanophotonic nanohole arrays: streamlining design for tailored optical functionalities and enhancing accessibility
Authors: Jahan Tasnia , Dash Tomoshree , Arman Shifat E. , Inum Reefat , Islam Sharnali , Jamal Lafifa , Yanik Ahmet Ali , Habib Ahsan
Published: August 2024

This study develops and optimizes deep learning models for the forward and inverse design of nanophotonic nanohole arrays, demonstrating their effectiveness through both FDTD simulations and experimental validation.
Correction: Chitosan-gated organic transistors printed on ethyl cellulose as a versatile platform for edible electronics and bioelectronics
Authors: Sharova Alina S. , Modena Francesco , Luzio Alessandro , Melloni Filippo , Cataldi Pietro , Viola Fabrizio , Lamanna Leonardo , Zorn Nicolas F. , Sassi Mauro , Ronchi Carlotta , Zaumseil Jana , Beverina Luca , Antognazza Maria Rosa , Caironi Mario
Published: August 2024

Correction for ‘Chitosan-gated organic transistors printed on ethyl cellulose as a versatile platform for edible electronics and bioelectronics’ by Alina S. Sharova et al., Nanoscale, 2023, 15, 10808–10819, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NR01051A.
A photocaged, pH-sensitive anion transporter with AND logic dual-stimuli activation
Authors: Zawada Bartłomiej , Chmielewski Michał J.
Published: August 2024

A double activation strategy is proposed to improve spatiotemporal control over anion transport by artificial carriers. In the future, this strategy could yield more selectively cytotoxic anionophores for targeted treatments in medical applications.
Solid-state synthesis of polyfunctionalized 2-pyridones and conjugated dienes
Authors: Stanisavljević Anđela , Aleksić Jovana , Stojanović Milovan , Baranac-Stojanović Marija
Published: August 2024

We present a simple and green method for the synthesis of differently substituted 2-pyridones via conjugated dienes as intermediates. The reactions require only SiO2 (Cs2CO3/SiO2), a small glass vial and a laboratory oven.
New routes towards azomethine ylide generation from prolines to synthesize diverseN-heterocycles: a DFT supportedendo-selective mechanism
Authors: Laha Radha M. , Aich Shobhon , Sarkar Ankan Kumar , Dutta Tanmoy , Ghosh Narendra Nath , Khamarui Saikat , Maiti Dilip K.
Published: August 2024

Azomethine ylides are generated in dual mode through decarboxylative C–N coupling of prolines. These strategies enable diastereoselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition, C–C coupling, and ring annulation reactions towards valuableN-heterocycles.
Transition metal-catalyzed transformations of 2-formylarylboronic acids
Authors: Doraghi Fatemeh , Taherkhani Amir Mohammad , Hosseinifar Tolou , Rashidi Ranjbar Parviz , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: August 2024

2-Formylarylboronic acids are used in the synthesis of carbo- and hetero-cyclic, as well as acyclic compounds under transition metal catalysis. Metal-catalyzed coupling reactions/annulations of 2-formylarylboronic acids are described in this review.
Cancer immunotherapy boosted by layered double hydroxide nanoparticles
Authors: Deng Xiaochun , Li Gaoming , Shen Mingwu , Shi Xiangyang
Published: August 2024

Recent advances and some key developments in the construction of layered double hydroxide-based nanoplatforms or vaccines for cancer immunotherapy have been reviewed.
Engineering uranyl sites into MOFs for efficient and highly selective photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Zhou Zhi-Heng , Li Xiao-Bo , Huang Zhi-Wei , Wu Qun-Yan , Wang Jun-Xi , Zhang Zhi-Hui , Yu Ji-Pan , Mei Lei , Ma Fu-Qiu , Hu Kong-Qiu , Shi Wei-Qun
Published: August 2024

IHEP-101 features uranyl photocatalytic active sites for the efficient photoreduction of CO2. By combining in situ DRIFTS and theoretical calculations, the mechanism of CO2 photoreduction by IHEP-101 has been clearly elucidated.
Recent progress of advanced electrocatalysts for hydrogen production via hydrazine-assisted water electrolysis
Authors: Tong Yun , Chen Pengzuo
Published: August 2024

This review offers a comprehensive summary of the advanced electrocatalysts for HzOR-assisted water electrolysis. The inherent relationship between various regulatory strategies and the catalytic performance of electrocatalysts is discussed.
A visible light-induced photoredox-catalyzed assembly-point di/trifunctionalization of diazomethyl radicals
Authors: Xu Xue-Cen , Sang Yuan , Yang Ming , He Bo-Wen , Zhang Yi-Chong , Yuan Hai-Yan , Zhao Yu-Long
Published: August 2024

A visible light-induced di/trifunctionalization of diazo compounds with electron-rich arenes or alkenes has been developed. This provides a new strategy for the synthesis of α,α-diaryl- and α,α,α-triaryl-carbonyl compounds, 1,4-dienes and indolizines.
Tandem site-selective bromination and highly regioselective Heck reaction of N-allyl enaminones: chemodivergent synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles and pyridines
Authors: Duan Xiyan , Wang Junqi , Li Hui , Du Fengjiao , Chen Ran , Lian Weidong , Shi Meixin
Published: August 2024

Chemodivergent synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles and pyridines from N-allyl enaminones via tandem site-selective bromination and the highly regioselective Heck reaction.
Correction: Phytoplankton nutrient dynamics and flow cytometry based population study of a eutrophic wetland habitat in eastern India, a Ramsar site
Authors: Singha Roy Anindita , Gorain Prakash Chandra , Paul Ishita , Sengupta Sarban , Mondal Pronoy Kanti , Pal Ruma
Published: August 2024

Correction for ‘Phytoplankton nutrient dynamics and flow cytometry based population study of a eutrophic wetland habitat in eastern India, a Ramsar site’ by Anindita Singha Roy et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 9530–9545, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA12761H.
“That's not a super important point”: second-semester organic chemistry students’ lines of reasoning when comparing substitution reactions
Authors: Zaimi Ina , Watts Field M. , Kranz David , Graulich Nicole , Shultz Ginger V.
Published: August 2024

Solving organic chemistry reactions requires reasoning with multiple concepts and data (i.e., multivariate reasoning). However, studies have reported that organic chemistry students typically demonstrate univariate reasoning. Case comparisons, where students compare two or more tasks, have been reported to support students’ multivariate reasoning. Using a case-comparison task, we explored students’ multivariate reasoning. Our study was guided by the resources framework. One conceptual resource activates another conceptual resource and, successively, a set of conceptual resources. This successively activated set of resources is expressed in a line of reasoning. Pairing this framework with qualitative methods, we interviewed eleven second-semester organic chemistry students while they compared two substitution reaction mechanisms and chose the mechanism with the lower activation energy. We analysed what conceptual resources and lines of reasoning were activated and the variation to which students engaged in multivariate reasoning. Students activated multiple conceptual resources and, moreover, extended their activated resources into both developed and undeveloped lines of reasoning. When constructing their explanations, most students engaged in univariate reasoning. These students provided a developed line of reasoning selected from multiple activated resources, or they provided an undeveloped line of reasoning constructed from only one activated resource. Few students engaged in multivariate reasoning. These students provided both developed and undeveloped lines of reasoning from multiple activated resources. Our findings highlight the variation with which students engage in both univariate and multivariate reasoning. Therefore, we recommend that case-comparison activities scaffold engagement with multiple lines of reasoning in addition to activating and developing them.
Effect of process parameters on woody biomass fractionation in a methanol/water mixture in a semi-flow reactor
Authors: Yao Yilin , Minami Eiji , Kawamoto Haruo
Published: August 2024

Japanese cedar showed pressure-dependent degradation behavior in a methanol/water mixture at 270 °C. The degradation and solubilization of hemicellulose were enhanced at 10 MPa, and those of lignin at 20–30 MPa.
Evaluating Stuttering Self-Stigma and Its Relationship to Adverse Impact in Children and Adolescents With the Child Stuttering Self-Stigma Scale
Authors: Johnson Chelsea A. , Gerwin Katelyn L. , Tichenor Seth E. , Boyle Michael P. , Walsh Bridget
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Self-stigma occurs when a person internalizes and applies stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination to themselves. For adults who stutter, self-stigma is linked to negative outcomes and reduced quality of life. The development of self-stigma in people who stutter is not well understood. The aim of this study is to evaluate stuttering self-stigma in school-age children and adolescents and explore potential relationships to stuttering's overall adverse impact.

Method:

One hundred one children and adolescents who stutter, aged 10–18 years, completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (OASES), a measure of adverse impact related to stuttering, and the Childhood Self-Stigma of Stuttering Scale (Child 4S), our novel adapted version of the Self-Stigma of Stuttering Scale (4S) created for this study. The Child 4S comprises three subscales measuring three stages of self-stigma: Awareness, Agreement, and Application. Each stage was evaluated for relationships with child age and the adverse impact of stuttering.

Results:

We found a range of self-stigma scores among children and adolescents who stutter. Child age did not correlate with Awareness and Agreement; however, older children and adolescents reported greater Application. All stages of self-stigma strongly predicted adverse impact as measured by the OASES, and latter stages of the model were stronger predictors than earlier stages.

Conclusions:

Children as young as 10 years old may experience stuttering self-stigma, and the application of self-stigma increases in adolescence, a critical period in the development of personal identity. Importantly, all stages of self-stigma predicted adverse impact related to stuttering, with latter stages being stronger predictors than earlier ones consistent with the progressive model of self-stigma being tested. The findings highlight the need for targeted, early intervention to mitigate downstream effects of stuttering self-stigma.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26352556
Doing the Inner and Outer Work: Culturally Responsive Practices in Gender-Affirming Voice Care
Authors: Vastine Wynde , Butcher Lisa
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

This article aims to raise clinical awareness of (a) the barriers and forms of oppression that transgender and gender-expansive (TGE) people face, (b) the ways in which discrimination can subconsciously be enacted by practitioners and institutions, and (c) to provide actionable steps for providing gender-affirming voice care (GAVC) services.

Method:

This article draws on empirical evidence of inequitable access/barriers to resources and the heightened risk to well-being for TGE people, as well as the theoretical foundations from the field of psychology that lead to culturally responsive care of the voice. It clarifies and expands the tenets of gender-affirming practice and trauma-informed care and identifies action steps for practical application in this specialized area of voice. It highlights the need for greater self-reflection and ongoing education when providing GAVC services, particularly as it relates to the practitioner's understanding of the intersections of racism, transphobia, neurodivergence, and disability justice.

Conclusions:

In addition to having strong voice skills, practitioners who are lifelong learners, remain pliable to learning new ideas, and have a strong and sincere desire to provide GAVC are needed to work with this population. Those providing GAVC are recommended to first deepen their self-reflection skills and understanding of their own identities, as well as acquire a humble understanding of the 2SLGBTQIA+ community, especially in terms of the intersections of race and gender expression. The authors recommend personal and professional work through a justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (JEDI) journey. This includes increasing one's counseling skills in order to provide tailored support that is specific to the client's needs. This article aims to provide a concrete entryway for the practice of gender-affirming care as it applies to the voice, while acknowledging that maintaining ethical gender-affirming practices requires a lifelong commitment to continuing education.
Clinical Accommodations for Children With Co-Occurring Developmental Language Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Manley Natalie R. , Wilder Amy
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Developmental language disorder (DLD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two of the most prevalent disorders in school-age children and are likely to be co-occurring. However, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) may receive limited training regarding strategies for capitalizing on strengths and accommodating the needs of children with ADHD relating to challenges in attention, working memory, behavioral inhibition, and self-regulation in the clinical setting. Therefore, in this tutorial, we describe how the cognitive profile of children with DLD and ADHD may present in the therapy room and review strategies for adapting therapeutic approaches to fit the needs of children with ADHD neurotypes.

Method:

This tutorial includes a review of research related to linguistic, cognitive, and behavioral differences in children with co-occurring DLD and ADHD. Strategies for accommodations in the therapy room are discussed, and we present a case study to demonstrate how these accommodations can be implemented.

Conclusions:

SLPs can enhance the effectiveness of therapy for children with co-occurring DLD and ADHD with an awareness of the struggles that children with DLD and ADHD experience in the therapy room. Providing these children with the appropriate accommodations can alleviate difficulties due to neurodivergent traits related to working memory, sustaining and shifting attention, social–emotional perception, behavioral inhibition, and self-regulation that occur along with linguistic difficulties.
Long‐term changes of wind resources and its impact on wind power development under climate change in China
Authors: Feng Shuanglei , Song Zongpeng , Yang Qing , Hou Yunhe , Wang Zheng , Liu Feng , Wang Bo , Wang Weisheng
Published: August 2024

The development of wind energy is indispensable in the pursuit of global carbon neutrality. This article's analysis of observational data across China reveals the annual average wind speed declined at a rate of −0.167 m · s−1 decade−1 between 1981 and 2014. This rate is 33 times faster than projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) of the World Climate Research Programme. We propose a novel wind power scale estimation method based on annual average wind speed, suitable for assessing climate change impacts. Considering China's planned wind power generation in 2030, climate change may increase the required wind installed capacity by over 25% under the observed trend scenario. In contrast, historical average and CMIP scenarios could substantially overestimate wind potential while underestimating the necessary future wind power development scale. Climate change poses potential adverse impacts on China's carbon peak goals, necessitating targeted measures to mitigate these effects.
Analysis for integrated energy system: Benchmarking methods and implementation
Authors: Zhang Suhan , Gu Wei , Zhang X.‐P. , Chung C. Y. , Yu Ruizhi , Lu Shuai , Palma‐Behnke Rodrigo
Published: August 2024

The selection of suitable models and solutions is a fundamental requirement for conducting energy flow analysis in integrated energy systems (IES). However, this task is challenging due to the vast number of existing models and solutions, making it difficult to comprehensively compare scholars' studies with current work. In this paper, we aim to address this issue by presenting a comprehensive overview of mainstream IES models and clarifying their relationships, thereby providing guidance for scholars in selecting appropriate models. Additionally, we introduce several widely used solvers for solving algebraic and differential equations, along with their detailed implementations in the energy flow analysis of IES. Furthermore, we conduct extensive testing and demonstration of these models and methods in various cases to establish benchmarking datasets. To facilitate reproducibility, verification and comparisons, we provide open‐source access to these datasets, including system data, analysis settings and implementations of the various solvers in the mainstream models. Scholars can utilise the provided datasets to reproduce the results, verify the findings and perform comparative analyses. Moreover, they have the flexibility to customise these settings according to their specific requirements.
Deciphering the electricity–carbon market nexus: Challenges and prospects of electricity–carbon coupling
Authors: Zhang Ran , Lu Zelong , Shahidehpour Mohammad , Li Zuyi , Yan Lei
Published: August 2024

The power industry's carbon emissions stand out as a primary contributor to the overall carbon dioxide emissions within the energy system under the context of energy Internet. Thus, reducing emissions in the power sector has become crucial for achieving carbon neutrality. However, challenges from the electricity–carbon nexus have surfaced in effectively coordinating and integrating the carbon market with the electricity market. This paper initiates the exploration of such nexus by analysing the current status of major carbon emission trading markets on a global scale. Subsequently, it delves into a comprehensive examination of the coupling between the electricity and carbon markets across three levels: market participants, operational models and market mechanisms. Four key issues are then identified in the electricity–carbon nexus: challenges in decision‐making for market participants, discrepancies in operational timelines, the intricate design of market coupling mechanisms and the spillover effects of market risks. To tackle the above challenges in the electricity–carbon nexus, this paper takes a deep dive into two different models in understanding the nexus including econometric/statistical models and optimisation models, serving as the foundation for understanding the intricacies of electricity–carbon market coupling. This paper concludes with a detailed exploration for future roadmap and research prospects in the electricity–carbon market nexus.
The application and challenge of energy router in energy internet
Authors: Huang Jinliang , Han Wei , Tian Hanlei , Qiu Jie , Chan C. C.
Published: August 2024

The energy internet has emerged as a promising area of research in power systems with distributed generation. Similar to an internet router to connect and switch networks, the energy router within the energy internet plays a crucial role to integrate and distribute the energy flow. This paper provides an overview of the application and challenges associated with energy routers in the energy internet. Firstly, the ability of energy routers to bring together multiple energy sources and information is highlighted. Secondly, the discrepancies in power structure when energy routers are utilised in different voltage‐level power grids are discussed. Besides, the roles, structures, and design requirements of energy routers and how they interconnect with the power system, as well as some practical examples of energy router are delved. Finally, the main challenges faced by energy routers are summarised.
Joint chance‐constrained coordinated scheduling for electricity‐heat coupled systems considering hydrogen storage
Authors: Yang Lun , Sun Xunhang , Cao Xiaoyu , Chen Mengxiao , Guan Xiaohong
Published: August 2024

Strong interdependence between power production and heat supply from combined power and heat units could restrict the wind power integration. Deploying hydrogen storage, typically formed by the electrolyser, hydrogen tank, and fuel cell, could be a promising measure to accommodate surplus wind power and facilitate the coordinated operation of power and heat. The authors consider coordinated scheduling under wind power uncertainty for an electricity‐heat coupled system with hydrogen storage and propose a distributionally robust joint chance‐constrained coordinated scheduling (DRJCC‐CS) model, where the waste heat from the electrolyser and fuel cell is incorporated. The authors design distributionally robust joint chance constraints to account for wind power uncertainty related constraints and derive their tractable inner and outer mixed‐integer convex approximations. Consequently, the proposed DRJCC‐CS model is casted into a mixed‐integer convex programme. Case studies are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DRJCC‐CS method.
An improved kT/C noise cancellation technique with presampling for high‐speed SAR ADCs
Authors: Gu Yuanfan , Wang Kaipeng , Yi Tiange , Chen Xiaoguo , Yang Shiheng , Liu Jiaxin
Published: August 2024

The kT/C noise cancellation technique can effectively reduce the digital‐to‐analog converter (DAC) size for successive approximation register ADCs and thus relax the burden for input drivers and reference buffers. However, the prior kT/C noise cancellation technique suffers from a hard trade‐off between the noise, amplifier bandwidth and linearity. Here, an improved kT/C noise cancellation technique is proposed to break the trade‐off. It uses presampling to hold the input signal unchanged during the noise cancelling phase, leading to significantly relaxed requirements on the bandwidth and linearity of the amplifier. The proposed technique is verified in a 14‐bit 200 MS/s SAR analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC) with a DAC size of 128 fF. Simulation results show that this work achieves 75.6 dB signal to noise and distortion ratio and consumes 1.56 mW power.
A series‐fed frequency scanning antenna for millimeter wave wireless communication
Authors: Liu Lu , Luo Feixiang , Zhang Liang , Wang Yan
Published: August 2024

In the realms of 5G and the upcoming 6G communications, the millimeter‐wave bands offer substantially greater bandwidth. However, due to their propagation characteristics, aligning antennas becomes a challenging issue, particularly at the node side in industrial and vehicular network applications. Angle‐scanning antennas can significantly enhance communication reliability or provide new possibilities for spatial multiplexing. Previous studies have predominantly concentrated on frequency‐scanning antennas characterized by either low‐gain individual units or expensive digital arrays. Consequently, there has been a scarcity of solutions that are both cost‐effective and high‐gain. In this study, a method is proposed for achieving frequency scanning by extending the feed lines between elements. Based on this approach, a millimeter‐wave high‐gain serial‐feed frequency‐scanning antenna is developed. This antenna operates within the 60–64 GHz millimeter‐wave ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) band and is capable of performing a 10 scan in the E‐plane. Moreover, the antenna maintains a width of less than half a wavelength, allowing for the assembly of multiple antennas into a MIMO array.
Starting a new era for quantum technologies: In conversation with the deputy EiCs and the managing editor
Authors: Liu Ruiqi , Pervaiz Haris , Robinson Sophie
Published: August 2024

First of all, we want to thank all of our readers, authors and reviewers on behalf of the editing team behind IET Quantum Communication for your support ever since the creation of this journal in 2019.
A tumour‐associated macrophage‐based signature for deciphering prognosis and immunotherapy response in prostate cancer
Authors: Wang Jian , Guo Tao , Mi Yuanyuan , Meng Xiangyu , Xu Shuang , Dai Feng , Sun Chengwen , Huang Yi , Wang Jun , Zhu Lijie , Hou Jianquan , Wu Sheng
Published: August 2024

For the multistage progression of prostate cancer (PCa) and resistance to immunotherapy, tumour‐associated macrophage is an essential contributor. Although immunotherapy is an important and promising treatment modality for cancer, most patients with PCa are not responsive towards it. In addition to exploring new therapeutic targets, it is imperative to identify highly immunotherapy‐sensitive individuals. This research aimed to establish a signature risk model, which derived from the macrophage, to assess immunotherapeutic responses and predict prognosis. Data from the UCSC‐XENA, GEO and TISCH databases were extracted for analysis. Based on both single‐cell datasets and bulk transcriptome profiles, a macrophage‐related score (MRS) consisting of the 10‐gene panel was constructed using the gene set variation analysis. MRS was highly correlated with hypoxia, angiogenesis, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, suggesting its potential as a risk indicator. Moreover, poor immunotherapy responses and worse prognostic performance were observed in the high‐MRS group of various immunotherapy cohorts. Additionally, APOE, one of the constituent genes of the MRS, affected the polarisation of macrophages. In particular, the reduced level of M2 macrophage and tumour progression suppression were observed in PCa xenografts which implanted in Apolipoprotein E‐knockout mice. The constructed MRS has the potential as a robust prognostic prediction tool, and can aid in the treatment selection of PCa, especially immunotherapy options.
Comprendre le système optique de l’œil
Authors: Mecê Pedro , Gofas-Salas Elena
Published: August 2024

Bien qu’apparemment plus simple que les caméras, l’oeil humain est un instrument optique remarquablement robuste, qui projette des images haute résolution sur la rétine grâce à son système optique unique. Depuis le xviie siècle, la compréhension des subtilités optiques de l’oeil humain suscite un intérêt croissant. Nous présentons ici quelques notions de base pour comprendre le système optique de l’oeil, sa complexité due à sa nature biologique, et comment le modéliser optiquement.
Analysis and consideration of radiation dose distribution in cardiac catheterization interventions
Authors: Ze You , Yaqing Liu , Chunyan Li , Aizhao Hu , Xun Liu , Wu Li , Li Liao , Fenggang Liu
Published: August 2024

objective: To assess the variations in radiation dose at different areas in the cardiac catheterization room during cardiac catheterization interventions.
methods:To simulate the conventional operation in cardiac catheterization interventions, perform angiography on standard manikins ,the radiation dose was collected from 22 areas in the cardiac catheterization room under 8 projection angles, and each area was repeated 5 times, and the collected data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and independent sample t-test.
results:Analysis of the radiation dose in 22 areas under 8 projection angles revealed that the lowest radiation dose was found in the area at the end of the operating table in the cardiac catheterization room (p < 0.05), and the highest radiation dose was found in the area on the left and right sides of the X-ray tube (p < 0.05); the radiation dose in the area on the right side of the X-ray tube of the DSA machine was greater than that in the conventional standing area of the first operator (p < 0.05)，and the radiation dose in the conventional standing area of the second operator was greater than that in the conventional standing area of the first operator (p < 0.05); the radiation dose in the standing area of the first operator was highest in the cephalic position (CRA 30°) (p < 0.05), and the radiation dose in the standing area of the second operator was highest in the left anterior oblique position (LAO 45°) (p < 0.05); in the angle of RAO projection, the radiation dose in the right area of the X-ray tube was greater than that in the left area of the X-ray tube (p < 0.05). Under the RAO projection angle, the radiation dose from the right side of the X-ray tube of the DSA machine was greater than that from the left side (p<0.05), and the result was reversed at the projection angle of the LAO.
conclusion:The radiation dose during cardiac catheterization interventions is lowest in the area at the end of the operating table, which can be used as a standing area for nurses and as an area for the placement of surgical equipment and supplies. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the radiation dose to the second operator and to further improve the radiation protection measures for the second operator, and additional measures are needed to minimize the radiation dose to the operators in the cephalic position (CRA 30°) and in the left anterior oblique position (LAO 45°).
Topology optimization design of microstructures with zero Poisson's ratio
Authors: Li Xueping , Zhu Jiajun , Wei Peng , Su Cheng
Published: August 2024

Mechanical metamaterials are materials that possess unconventional mechanical properties that are not found in homogeneous materials, achieved through specific artificial microstructures. Topology optimization is an effective design method for such materials. In this paper, a topology optimization-based method for designing zero Poisson's ratio mechanical metamaterials is proposed. Firstly, a zero Poisson's ratio topology optimization objective function is constructed based on the energy homogenization method, and the optimal microstructure topology configuration and elastic coefficient matrix under different initial topologies and volume fractions are obtained through the boundary density evolution topology optimization method. To improve the saw tooth effect of the boundaries, the node density level set method is used to smooth the boundaries of the microstructure. Then, in finite element simulation analysis, it is demonstrated that the proposed method can effectively design microstructures with zero Poisson's ratio properties. It is also shown that microstructures with expected stiffness and zero Poisson's ratio properties can be obtained by changing the volume fraction and selecting materials with different stiffnesses. Finally, the unit cell is periodically arranged to form a multi-lattice metamaterial, and its zero Poisson's ratio mechanical performance in both X and Y directions is verified.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in the First Years of Life – Onset, Initial
Treatment, and Early Disease Course
Authors: Ziegler J. , Tittel S. R. , Biester T. , Kapellen T. , Dost A. , Rochow N. , Barbarini D.Seick , Böhle A. , Galler A. , Holl R. W.
Published: August 2024

Objective This study investigated the onset and the choice of treatment in
children with very early onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D).

Methods The study included 5,763 patients from the German Diabetes Patient
Follow-up registry with onset of T1D in the first 4 years of life from January
2010 – June 2022. The analysis included diabetes-specific parameters,
anthropometric data, and mode of treatment at onset, within the first and second
year of T1D. Three groups were compared according to age at onset (G1: 223
patients 6–<12 months, G2: 1519 patients 12–<24 months, G3: 4001 patients
24–48 months).

Results In 12.3% of all cases in childhood and adolescence, the incidence
of diabetes in the first 4 years of life was rare. At the onset, clinical status
was worse and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) rates were higher in G1 and G2 (52.3%
and 46.5%, respectively) compared to G3 (27.3% (p<0.001)). G1 and G2 were
significantly more likely to be treated with insulin pump therapy (CSII) 2 years
after onset (98.1% and 94.1%, respectively)) compared to G3 (85.8%, p<0.001).
Median HbA1c after 2 years did not differ between groups (G1: 7.27%
(56.0 mmol/mol), G2: 7.34% (56.7 mmol/mol) and G3: 7.27% (56.0 mmol/mol)) or
when comparing CSII vs MDI. The rate of severe hypoglycemia (SH) and DKA during
the first 2 years of treatment did not differ among the three groups, ranging
from 1.83–2.63/100 patient-years (PY) for DKA and 9.37–24.2/100 PY for SH.
Children with T1D under 4 years of age are more likely to be diagnosed with
celiac disease but less likely to have thyroiditis than older children with
T1DM.

Conclusions Young children with T1D had high rates of DKA at onset and
were predominantly treated with insulin pump therapy during the first 2 years.
The median HbA1c for all three groups was<7.5% (58 mmol/mol) without
increased risk of SH or DKA. The use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was
not associated with lower HbA1c in children under 48 months.
Tensile Strength of Nerve Bridging Models Using Collagen Nerve Conduits
Authors: Hattori Yusuke , Takeda Shinsuke , Usami Takuya , Shibata Ryutaro , Takahashi Hiroshi , Joyo Yuji , Kawaguchi Yohei , Okamoto Hideki , Murakami Hideki , Paholpak Permsak , Ota Hideyuki
Published: August 2024

Background In the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries with nerve defects, second-generation collagen-based conduits, such as Renerve® (Nipro, Osaka, Japan), have shown the potential for promoting nerve regeneration. However, there is concern related to the weak material properties. No previous studies have addressed the strength of the bridging model using collagen conduits. This study aimed to investigate the tensile strength and failure patterns in nerve defect models bridged with Renerve® conduits through biomechanical research.

Methods Using fresh chicken sciatic nerves, we examined the maximum failure load of four groups: bridging models using Renerve® with one suture (group A), with two sutures (group B), with three sutures (group C), and end-to-end neurorrhaphy models with two sutures (group N). Each group had eight specimens. We also evaluated failure patterns of the specimens.

Results Group N showed a significantly higher maximum failure load (0.96 ± 0.13 N) compared to groups A (0.23 ± 0.06 N, p < 0.0001), B (0.29 ± 0.05 N, p < 0.0001), and C (0.40 ± 0.10 N, p < 0.0001). Regarding failure patterns, all specimens in group A showed nerve-end dislocation from the conduit. Two specimens in group B and three specimens in group C failed due to circumferential cracks in the conduit. Six specimens in group B and five specimens in group C exhibited cutting out of sutures from the conduit.

Conclusion This study suggests that the number of sutures in synthetic collagen nerve conduits has little effect on the maximum failure load. To take advantage of its biomaterial benefits, a period of postoperative range of motion restriction may be required.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-Catalyzed Tail-to-Tail Dimerization of Acrylamides
Authors: Zhou Bingwei , Zhao Chensheng
Published: August 2024

The tail-to-tail dimerization of acrylamides enables the formation of diamides. However, only one example of N,N-dimethylacrylamide has been described in the literature. Herein, an NHC-catalyzed tail-to-tail dimerization of acrylamides in moderate to excellent yields is presented. In this context, N-arylacrylamides are susceptible to the dimerization reaction, which features high reaction efficiency, good E-selectivity, and easy operation.
The effect of singularities and damping on the spectra of photonic crystals
Authors: Alexopoulos Konstantinos , Davies Bryn
Published: August 2024

Understanding the dispersive properties of photonic crystals is a fundamental and well-studied problem. However, the introduction of singular permittivities and damping complicates the otherwise straightforward theory. In this paper, we study photonic crystals with a Drude–Lorentz model for the permittivity, motivated by halide perovskites. We demonstrate how the introduction of singularities and damping affects the spectral band structure and show how to interpret the notion of a “band gap” in this setting. We study a one-dimensional model for which we present explicit solutions.
On Kato’s conditions for the inviscid limit of the two-dimensional stochastic Navier-Stokes equation
Authors: Wang Ya-guang , Zhao Meng
Published: August 2024

We study the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the two-dimensional stochastic Navier-Stokes (SNS) equation with no-slip boundary condition in the small viscosity limit. Several equivalent dissipation conditions of the Kato type are derived to ensure that the convergence from the SNS equation to the corresponding stochastic Euler equation holds in the energy space. We do not assume any smallness on the noise of the SNS equation.
Identifying optimal location for control of thermoacoustic instability through statistical analysis of saddle point trajectories
Authors: Premchand C. P. , Krishnan Abin , Raghunathan Manikandan , Midhun P. R. , Reeja K. V. , Sujith R. I. , Nair Vineeth
Published: August 2024

We propose a framework of Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs) to enable passive open-loop control of tonal sound generated during thermoacoustic instability. Experiments were performed in a laboratory-scale bluff-body stabilized turbulent combustor in the state of thermoacoustic instability. We use dynamic mode decomposition on the flow-field to identify dynamical regions where the acoustic frequency is dominant. We find that the separating shear layer from the backward-facing step of the combustor envelops a cylindrical vortex in the outer recirculation zone, which eventually impinges on the top wall of the combustor during thermoacoustic instability. We track the saddle points in this shear layer emerging from the backward-facing step over several acoustic cycles. A passive control strategy is then developed by injecting a steady stream of secondary air targeting the identified optimal location where the saddle points spend a majority of their time in a statistical sense. After implementing the control action, the resultant flow-field is also analyzed using LCS to understand the key differences in flow dynamics. We find that the shear layer emerging from the dump plane is deflected in a direction almost parallel to the axis of the combustor after the control action. This deflection, in turn, prevents the shear layer from enveloping the vortex and impinging on the combustor walls, resulting in a drastic reduction in the amplitude of the sound produced.
Fully digitalized triple-energy x-ray computed tomography with high spatial resolutions using beam hardening
Authors: Ito Kazuki , Sato Eiichi , Moriyama Hodaka , Hagiwara Osahiko , Enomoto Toshiyuki , Yoshida Sohei , Watanabe Manabu
Published: August 2024

To regulate the effective photon energy with a constant tube voltage and to perform enhanced K-edge x-ray imaging, we built a prototype fully digitalized triple-energy x-ray computed tomography (TECT) scanner utilizing beam hardening. An object on the turntable is irradiated by a 0.1-mm-focus x-ray tube at 1.4-time-magnification. 720 raw radiograms are obtained using a flat panel detector, and 512 tomograms are reconstructed. With an increasing digital amplification factor, the gray raw-density projections obtained using low-energy-photon absorption disappeared at a constant maximum raw density, and the effective energy was increased by x-ray beam hardening. TECT was performed at digital amplifier factors below 3.0, and the effective energy increased with increasing amplification factors. In particular, fine blood vessels were visible using gadolinium-K-edge CT.
Improving the efficiency and stability of betavoltaic batteries based on understanding efficiency fluctuations and gaps with theoretical limits
Authors: Qian Chiwen , Guo Hui , Han Chao , Lu Zhenlin , Yuan Hao , Zhang Yuming
Published: August 2024

Wide-bandgap semiconductors are regarded as preferred materials for preparing semiconductor conversion devices in betavoltaic batteries due to their high theoretical conversion efficiency (ηc). However, there are a few comprehensive analytical studies on why the experimental values of ηc are generally much lower than the theoretical limit of ηc (ηc-limit) and how to improve ηc and its stability. In this work, combined with the energy deposition distributions of Ti3H2, 63Ni, and 147Pm2O3 radioactive sources in SiC obtained from Monte Carlo simulations, a multi-physical mechanism, multi-parameter coupling numerical model was established. This model can comprehensively analyze the output characteristics of betavoltaic batteries under the influence of actual device structural and material parameter changes. Our results show that changes in structural and material parameters cause significant variations in the collection efficiency (Q) of the radiation-generated electron–hole pair (RG-EHP). Considering structural parameters are easy to control, instabilities in actual SiC material parameters, which include electron diffusion length (Ln), hole diffusion length (Lp), and surface recombination velocity (S), are the main reason that ηc fluctuates significantly and is generally far lower than ηc-limit. Due to differences in the distribution of RG-EHP produced by different radioactive sources in SiC, the dominant parameters causing ηc fluctuations differ. By analyzing differences in recombination loss mechanisms under different radioactive sources, the device structures were designed in a targeted manner to make ηc closer to ηc-limit. Meanwhile, when the SiC material quality fluctuates, the stability of ηc increases by 58.5%, 35.3%, and 48.2% under Ti3H2, 63Ni, and 147Pm2O3, respectively.
Griffiths polynomials of Racah type
Authors: Crampé Nicolas , Frappat Luc , Gaboriaud Julien , Ragoucy Eric , Vinet Luc , Zaimi Meri
Published: August 2024

Bivariate Griffiths polynomials of Racah type are constructed from univariate Racah polynomials. The bispectral properties of the former are deduced from simple properties of the latter. A duality relation and the orthogonality of these polynomials are provided. The domain of validity for the indices and variables of these polynomials is also determined. Particular limits on the parameters entering the polynomials allow to define several Griffiths polynomials of other types. One special limit connects them to the original Griffiths polynomials (of Krawtchouk type). Finally, a connection with the 9j symbols is made.
Double loop dc-SQUID as a tunable Josephson diode
Authors: Greco A. , Pichard Q. , Strambini E. , Giazotto F.
Published: August 2024

The development of superconducting electronics requires careful characterization of the components that makeup electronic circuits. Superconducting weak links are the building blocks of most superconducting electronic components and are characterized by highly nonlinear current-to-phase relations (CPRs), which are often not perfectly known. Recent research has found that the Josephson diode effect (JDE) can be related to the high harmonic content of the current-to-phase relation of the weak links embedded in superconducting interferometers. This makes the JDE a natural tool for exploring the harmonic content of weak links beyond single-harmonic CPR. In this study, we present the theoretical model and experimental characterization of a double-loop superconducting quantum interference device (DL-SQUID) that embeds all-metallic superconductor-normal metal-superconductor junctions. The proposed device exhibits the JDE due to the interference of the supercurrents of three weak links in parallel, and this feature can be adjusted through two magnetic fluxes, which act as experimental knobs. We carry out a theoretical study of the device in terms of the relative weight of the interferometer arms and the experimental characterization concerning flux tunability and temperature.
Polyadic sigma matrices
Authors: Duplij Steven
Published: August 2024

We generalize σ-matrices to higher arities using the polyadization procedure proposed by the author. We build the nonderived n-ary version of SU2 using cyclic shift block matrices. We introduce the polyadic trace, which has an additivity property analogous to the ordinary trace for block diagonal matrices. The so called elementary Σ-matrices are ordinary matrix units, their sums are full Σ-matrices which can be treated as a polyadic analog of σ-matrices. The expression of n-ary SU2 in terms of full Σ-matrices is given using the Hadamard product. We then generalize the Pauli group in two ways: for the binary case we introduce the extended phase shifted σ-matrices with multipliers in cyclic groups of order 4q (q > 4), and for the polyadic case we construct the correspondent finite n-ary semigroup of phase-shifted elementary Σ-matrices of order 4qn−1+1, and the finite n-ary group of phase-shifted full Σ-matrices of order 4q. Finally, we introduce the finite n-ary group of heterogeneous full Σhet-matrices of order 4qn−14. Some examples of the lowest arities are presented.