bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deutsch-türkische Erbfälle
Authors: Koehl Maximilian Georg
Published: May 2023

Questions regarding jurisdiction and applicable law arise in German-Turkish succession cases even before the legal succession can be determined. More than one and a half million Turkish citizens living in Germany are evidence of considerable practical relevance and an increased need for professional counsel. This work answers these questions of international private and procedural law with regard to the various sources of law that come into consideration. The focus is on the current significance of the German-Turkish Succession Agreement in comparison to the European Regulation on Succession and the question of whether a narrow interpretation of this international treaty is necessary since the Regulation came into force.
Origin of Rubber Elasticity
Authors: Pal Sanjay , Das Mithun , Naskar Kinsuk
Published: May 2023

Under suitable conditions, virtually all rubbery materials exhibit the ability to sustain deformations followed by complete recovery upon removal of the stress. This phenomenon holds significance beyond the narrow confines of the term “rubber elasticity” This elasticity theory is also of great importance in the deformation of any substances., e.g., in the deformation of amorphous or semi-crystalline polymers. Rubber elasticity is also essential to the functions of elastic proteins and muscles. Thus, the theory of rubber elasticity is centrally essential to much of polymer science. In this chapter, we have touched upon some of the basic concepts of thermodynamics of rubber elasticity and other factors affecting it.
Options for the Disposal and Reuse of Wastewater Sludge, Associated Benefit, and Environmental Risk
Authors: Kumari Astha , Singh Maurya Nityanand , Kumar Abhishek , Kant Yadav Rajanee , Kumar Amit
Published: May 2023

To protect human and environmental health, wastewater treatment is one of the important activities in urban and industrial areas. Urbanized increasing population with industrialization demands more amount of wastewater treatment. Despite wastewater treatment’s positive impact on human and environmental health, it also produces sludge as a by-product of the process. Characteristics of the sludge mainly depend on the source of wastewater and the process applied for its treatment. Domestic sludge generally contains a large number of pathogenic bacteria carrying biodegradable compounds. Characteristics of industrial sludge vary greatly. It may contain biodegradable, non-biodegradable, toxic compounds, heavy metals, etc. The sludge may be in the form of liquid or semisolid with 0.25–12% solids. Thus, the handling and disposal/reuse of sludge may become a complex task due to its large volume and infectious and/or toxic nature. This chapter analyses the characterization and quantity estimate of the sludge produced during the application of various municipal and industrial wastewater treatment options. Current practices for the disposal and reuse options such as anaerobic digestion for biogas production, composting to utilize as a fertilizer, brick production, filler material, and bioplastic production will be reviewed and the suitability of each option in terms of benefit and risk will be critically analyzed.
Acute Respiratory Failure in Exacerbations of Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Sánchez Eva
Published: May 2023

Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract in which various cells and inflammatory mediators are involved. It is characterized by remodeling of the airway wall. Multiple inflammatory mediators may be involved, including interleukins. Physiologically, acute asthma has an early component, with an acute bronchospastic aspect marked by smooth muscle bronchoconstriction and a later inflammatory component, resulting in airway swelling and edema. In the early stages of asthma, hypoxemic respiratory failure occurs. If the asthmatic crisis is maintained over time, it will produce a status of severe acute asthma (ASA), which is characterized by hypercapnic respiratory failure.
Biodiversity of Fabaceae in the Brazilian Amazon and Its Timber Potential for the Future
Authors: Augusto Gomes de Souza Luiz
Published: May 2023

The vegetation of Neotropical forest of Amazonian region is one representative part of global biodiversity in Fabaceae, with numerous species for wood production, oil, fruits, or other forests products or same ecosystemic services for agricultural production. This chapter gathers information on the biodiversity of Fabaceae of the Amazon, highlighting the timber species in the set of existing plant genetic resources. Systematic information emphasizes the importance of basic forestry information, and potential for cultivation in agroecosystems or for management, forestry and reforestation. The product of the highest economic value of the Fabaceae of the Brazilian Amazon is wood, which is sold in local, regional markets and exported to other countries. Also noteworthy is the ability acquired evolutionarily by many Fabaceae: the symbiotic fixation of N2 with soil bacteria of the Rhizobia group, character particularly important for soil recuperation or reforestation.
Critical Cochlea/Vestibular Interactions
Authors: S. Longridge Neil
Published: May 2023

There is a close interaction of the gravity detecting balance organs, the maculae of the saccule and utricle of the inner ear, with the hearing system of the inner ear. The need for this is that although they detect the sensations specific to their own function there is interference with this function due to overlap of wavelengths used by both systems resulting in extraordinary stimulation of the other system for both hearing and balance.
Walking through the Leaky Academic Pipeline in STEM: Equity Not Equality Needed for Women and under Represented Minorities (URMs)
Authors: Figueiredo Dwight
Published: May 2023

Previous studies have shown STEM (Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics) disciplines to have low representation by women and certain minorities (i.e. gender, race and ethnic minorities). Higher up the academic ladder, the higher the gap in parity between the majority and minority groups in STEM suggesting a leaky pipeline caused due to higher attrition of women and minorities. Prevailing conscious as well as subconscious gender-science stereotypes, lack of sense of belonging towards male-dominated STEM disciplines, hostile campus environments and negative student-faculty interactions, lack of diversity in the academic hiring process and in journal editorial committees and understanding of academic metrics are to be considered when hiring minorities play a role in establishing and maintaining the leaky academic pipeline. Women & URMs tend to possess significant homophily in academic networks and collaborations impacting scientific productivity and quality recently exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 lead to lower initiation of new projects—particularly faced by minorities groups in STEM—thereby possibly impacting productivity for years to come. Proposals for making STEM education and jobs more equitable need to be formulated and taken up as a priority if science and its wide-reaching impacts have to truly serve all people.
Artificial Intelligence Approaches for Studying the pp Interactions at High Energy Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Interface System
Authors: Mahmoud Habashy Doaa , Yaseen El-Bakry Mahmoud , Ahmed El-Dahshan El-Sayed , Ibrahim Lebda Hanem
Published: May 2023

Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), a popular machine learning model, is introduced in this chapter. ANFIS has a long development history and good agreement on scientific accomplishments. The value of ANFIS has grown dramatically along with the great interest in deep learning. We will examine how machine learning and ANFIS are related. Different methods can be used to implement machine learning models. ANFIS is a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) that works within the context of adaptive networks. It merges the ideas of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Fuzzy Logic (FL) into a single framework. This framework can learn to estimate nonlinear functions and operates as a universal estimator. This chapter aimed to investigate the behavior of D mesons ratios production cross section (D+/D0,D∗+/D0,Ds+/D0,andDs+/D+), differential production cross section of prompt (D0,D+, D∗+andDs+ mesons) as a function of PT in pp collisions at (s = 5.02 and 7 TeV) and predict the behavior for others. The ANFIS model was created through a series of trial-and-error experiments. The ANFIS-based model simulation results perfectly fit the experimental data. When tested with non-training data points, the ANFIS prediction capabilities performed well. The ANFIS offers extensive procedures for high-energy physics modeling.
Epidemiological Updates of MPOX: An Emerging Disease
Authors: Agarwal Monika , Khan Maviya , Pandit Pratyaksha , Jauhari Sugandha
Published: May 2023

MPOX is a zoonotic disease caused by orthopoxvirus. The disease is endemic in African countries, but major outbreak was reported in the early 2022 outside the endemic countries and subsequently spreading in the whole world following which it was declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on July 23, 2022. MPOX is a self-limiting disease with symptoms generally lasting from 2 to 4 weeks. Vesiculopustular skin rashes begin 1 to 3 days after prodromal symptoms and can last up to 4 weeks. Transmission can occur from animal to human as well as from human to human via body fluids, close contact with respiratory secretions, skin lesions, contaminated material etc. As there is no specific treatment for MPOX, isolation of the confirmed cases is the key modality to control the spread of the disease.
Functional Rehabilitation after Achilles Tendon Rupture
Authors: Čretnik Andrej
Published: May 2023

Optimal treatment of an acute Achilles tendon rupture remains controversial. There’s but a clear tendency that either treated conservatively or operatively, patients should start as soon as possible with early functional rehabilitation. It should include an early range of motion exercises and controlled weightbearing protocol with the support of crutches. Softcast brace is a simple, effective, removable, individually adapted, and well-tolerated orthosis, that can be easily made, if necessary, replaced or changed, and safely used during the healing process and if necessary, in the further rehabilitation period. Proposed rehabilitation protocol with the use of a softcast brace can be used either in conservatively or operatively treated patients, with comparable results in terms of complication rate (re-ruptures, thromboembolic events, sural neuritis) and long-term clinical (ROM, length of tendon) and functional results (return to pre-injured activities).
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children Diagnosed with Phenylketonuria
Authors: Atef Abdelsattar Ibrahim Hoda , Fouad Ahmed Gihan , Mohamed Abdelhamid ElKhashab Khaled , Amin Aya Ahmed , Farag Attia Elsebaey Aya , Sayed Abbas Enas
Published: May 2023

Background: Growing evidence suggests a higher occurrence of overweight and obesity in children diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU), yet the exact cause is still unknown. Objectives: The objective is to address the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children with PKU. Methods: In our cross-sectional study, we included 47 children with PKU who were receiving care at the nutritional clinic of the National Nutrition Institute. We conducted anthropometric assessments, which involved measuring weight, height, and BMI. Additionally, we performed biochemical evaluations, including measurements of fasting total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides. Moreover, we assessed fasting blood sugar levels. Results: In the study group, 57.44% were males, and 42.55% were females, with no significant gender difference observed. Malnourished children exhibited significantly higher phenylalanine (PHE) levels. Most participants (n = 26, 55.3%) were overweight or obese. A positive and significant correlation (rs = 0.6, P = 0.01) was found between PHE levels and fasting blood sugar levels. Conclusions: Children with PKU have a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, emphasizing the importance of obesity screening in this population.
Classification of Potential Breast/Colorectal Cancer Cases Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Jafarpour Maryam , Moeini Ali , Maryami Niloofar , Nahvijou Azin , Mohammadian Ayoub
Published: May 2023

Background: The algorithmic classification of infected and healthy individuals by gene expression has been a topic of interest to researchers in numerous domains, including cancer. Several studies have presented numerous solutions, such as neural networks and support vector machines (SVMs), to classify a diverse range of cancer cases. Such classifications have provided some degrees of accuracy, which highly depend on optimization approaches and suitable kernels. Objectives: This study aimed at proposing a method to classify cancer-prone and healthy cases under breast cancer and colorectal cancer (CRC), using machine learning methods efficiently, increasing the accuracy of the classification process. Methods: This study presented an algorithm to diagnose individuals prone to breast cancer and CRC. The novelty of this algorithm lies in its suitable kernel and the feature extraction approach. By the application of this algorithm, this study first identified the genes closely associated with these types of cancers and, then, tried to find individuals susceptible to the concerned cancers using SVM. The present study highlighted the indirect gene expressions associated with these cancers, which might show health status complications for the patients. To this end, the algorithm consists of SVMs in conjunction with the k-fold method for validation. Results: The results confirmed the superior performance of this approach, compared to the common neural networks. The algorithm’s identification accuracy values were 98.077% and 99.806% for breast cancer and CRC, respectively. The graphic representation of the cause-effect relationships was also provided to help researchers better understand the trend of cancer or other types of diseases. Conclusions: The feature extraction method highly affects the accuracy of the classification. In addition, relying on indirect disease-triggering genes’ expressions highlights a cause-effect relationship between genes and diseases. Such relationships can form Markov models in the clinical domain leading to treatment paths and prediction of patient outcomes.
Adjuvant Effect of Cadmium on Pollen Grain Allergenicity in Petunia hybrida Juss.
Authors: Mohsenzadeh Fariba , Chehregani Rad Iman , Ramazani Hassan , Baghaeifar Zahra
Published: May 2023

Background: Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal and an important part of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs). Cadmium in high concentrations exhibits detrimental effects and increases the allergenicity of pollen grains. Objectives: The research aimed to study the effects of Cd on the proteins and allergenicity of Petunia hybrida pollen. Methods: Petunia plants were cultured in a greenhouse and treated with various concentrations of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) (400, 800, and 1200 μmol/L). The pollen were collected daily from the flowers of both experimental and control plants. Pollen extracts were prepared in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) from control and Cd-treated plants, and changes in protein banding profiles were compared by sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Mice were sensitized by the treatment of pollen extracts and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) as an adjuvant 3 times. The allergenicity of pollen extracts was evaluated by the skin test and the amount of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the experimental animals. Results: The gel electrophoresis results revealed that in the Cd-treated pollen grains, two new protein bands, 46 and 51 kilodaltons (kDa), were observed that may have allergenicity. The results of serological tests showed that the mean of wheal diameter and IgE level were higher in animals sensitized by Cd-treated pollen grains than in control ones. Conclusions: In recent years, pollinosis has increased in polluted areas, especially DEP-polluted areas; the reason may be that Cd, as an important part of DEP, acts as an effective agent in the induction of the formation of detoxifying proteins which can also act as new allergens.
The Effect of Spinal Anesthesia on Penile Length and Erectile Function in Patients Underwent Endoscopic Urological Surgeries: A Double-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Allameh Farzad , Hosseininia Seyedmohamad , Khoshnamak Ali , Sodeifian Fatemeh , Teymourian Houman
Published: May 2023

Background: Evidence shows that spinal anesthesia can alter the penile length and penile engorgement and the fact that patients undergoing spinal anesthesia may experience erectile dysfunction. We hypothesized that spinal anesthesia would not result in altered penile length; however, it can lead to temporary erectile dysfunction. Methods: A total of 73 patients referred to our hospital for endoscopic urological surgeries underwent either spinal anesthesia (SA, n = 37) or general anesthesia (GA, n = 36). We measured patients’ penile length in both stretched and flaccid states during surgery and compared changes in penile length between the SA and GA groups. We assessed erectile function in patients through a standard questionnaire one month and three months after the surgery. Results: No significant difference was observed in penile length during and two weeks after surgery between the SA and GA groups (P > 0.05). Regarding erectile function, we observed a significant difference in the international index of erectile function (IIEF)-5 score between the two study groups one-month after surgery (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the SA and GA groups three months after the surgery. Spinal anesthesia had no significant effect on penile length during and two weeks after surgery compared to general anesthesia. Conclusions: Patients undergoing SA may experience transient erectile dysfunction one month after surgery; however, they may develop transient erectile dysfunction, which is recovered three months after surgery.
Development of a Spiritual Health Curriculum: An Applied Study in Iran
Authors: Nahardani Seyedeh Zahra , Memaryan Nadereh , Keshavarzi Mohammad Hasan , Hadi Fatemeh , Koenig Harold G. , Pashmdarfard Marzieh
Published: May 2023

Background: Today, prioritizing the spiritual well-being of medical students holds significant importance in numerous countries worldwide. An educational curriculum serves as a comprehensive written document that delineates educational objectives, content, as well as teaching and assessment methods. Objectives: This study aims to formulate and construct a curriculum for a master's degree program in spiritual health. Methods: The initial phase of this study aims to ascertain the existing state of spiritual health education programs by conducting a thorough literature review. In the subsequent phase, a focus group discussion was conducted with eight experts and scholars to deliberate on the spiritual health curriculum, utilizing Tyler's curriculum development model as a framework. Finally, the nominal group process was employed to reach a consensus among the experts, ensuring the formulation of the final draft. Results: The spiritual health education curriculum was developed following Tyler's curriculum planning framework, encompassing four distinct components. Part one outlines the goals of the spiritual health curriculum, while part two focuses on defining the content of the curriculum. Part three addresses the learning opportunities and strategies for teaching spiritual health within the curriculum. Lastly, part four involves the evaluation process to assess the effectiveness and impact of the spiritual health curriculum. Conclusions: Spiritual health education has been recommended in various references. Recognizing discipline as spiritual health has fostered the growth of spiritual concepts in the healthcare environment, bringing attention to the needs of patients.
Moderate Fiqh in The Perspective of Islamic Boarding School Students
Authors: Muzakki Ahmad
Published: May 2023

Moderation in fiqh issues is one of the things that must be developed because it has a comprehensive character. This study aims to determine the moderate fiqh reasoning of students of Mahad Aly Salafiyah Syafi`iyyah Situbondo in building religious moderation. This research uses a literature review using the method of traditional review. The type of data used is secondary data, namely data obtained from library materials by reading and studying the works of Ma`had Aly Salafiyah Syafi`iyyah Situbondo students with the titles People's Fiqh, Reality Fiqh, Building Central Islam, and Progressive Fiqh. Based on the discussion and analysis that has been done, it can be concluded that Ma`had Aly Salafiyah Syafi`iyyah Situbondo is an educational institution that concentrates on fiqh and ushul fiqh studies. Through moderate fiqh reasoning, several works of thought were born in book form: Reality Fiqh, People's Fiqh, Building Central Islam, and Progressive Fiqh. In these works, efforts are made to build religious moderation by broadening the horizons of fiqh thinking with the study of fiqh from the four schools of thought combined with ushul fiqh and fiqh rules, combining text and reality, and avoiding fanaticism within schools of thought to give birth to solutive thinking, tolerance, unity, harmony, and awareness in the state and religious life.
Semiotic Studies: Cultivating Religious Characters in SDI
Authors: Rahma Fatikh Inayahtur , Luqman Luqman , Anggraini Ade Eka
Published: May 2023

Implementation of character education must be familiar from an early age, especially religious character. A religious character is a human character based on religious aspects. One example of religious character planting activities is the dhuha and istighosah prayers. Semiotics is interpreted as a description of ideas, objects, and situations related to media, messages, culture, and society. The purpose of this research is to find out the message of cultivating religious character in SDI KHA. Wahid Hasyim is based on signs (icons, indexes, and symbols). This study uses a qualitative research approach presented in a descriptive form and analyzed by studying Charles Sanders Pierce's semiotic theory with the triangle theory of meaning, namely Icons, Indexes, and Symbols. The results of this study are 1) SDI KHA. Wahid Hasyim, as one of the Nahdlatul Ulama-based schools, implemented a religious character outside of the learning process by habituating the Dhuha prayer in congregation and regular istighosah every Thursday. 2) Dhuha and istighosah prayer activities have messages and culture that want to be instilled and conveyed to students from an early age. 3) signs such as body posture, setting of the place, and time have their meaning related to the cultivation of religious character.
Negotiating the boundary between achievement and proficiency: An evaluation of the exit standard of an academic English pathway program
Authors:   Australian National University, Macqueen Susy , O’Hagan Sally ,   University of Melbourne, Hughes Brad ,   University of Technology Sydney
Published: May 2023

Academic English programs are popular pathways into English-medium university courses across the world. A typical program design hinges on an established university entrance standard, e.g. IELTS 6.5, and extrapolates the timing and structure of the pathway stages in relation to the test standard. The general principle is that the course assessments substitute for the test standard so that successful completion of the course is considered equivalent to achieving the minimum test standard for university entrance. This study reports on an evaluation of such course assessments at a major Australian university. The evaluation undertook to determine the appropriateness of the exit standard in relation to an independent measure of academic English ability. It also explored the suitability of the course final assessments used to produce measures in relation to that standard: by investigating the robustness of the processes and instruments and their appropriateness in relation to the course and the target academic domain. The evaluation was revealing about the difficult relationship between best practice in achievement testing in academic English pathway programs and external proficiency test standards. Using the sociological concept of ‘boundary object’ worlds (Star & Griesemer, 1989), we suggest that program evaluations that arise from a specific institutional concern for meeting adequate language standards can be informative about interactions between assessments in use.
Interaction in a paired oral assessment: Revisiting the effect of proficiency
Authors:   Georgetown University, Son Young-A
Published: May 2023

Paired oral assessments have gained increasing popularity as a method of assessing speaking skills (East, 2015; Galaczi, 2014). Several advantages have been associated with this method, including practicality and authenticity (Taylor, 2003). Nevertheless, concerns have also been raised in terms of the interlocutor effect in paired speaking tests, particularly in regard to the interlocutor’s oral proficiency (e.g., Norton, 2005). The present study reports on an approximate replication of Davis (2009), who looked at the effect of interlocutor proficiency on paired speaking assessments. The current study compared the oral performance of 24 university students in two different pairing conditions: once paired with a partner of the same proficiency level and once with a partner of a different proficiency level. Results of this replication study partially confirmed Davis’s (2009) results. There were only minimal differences in test-takers’ scores between both conditions. A multi-facet Rasch analysis confirmed these results indicating that the pairing conditions were equivalent in difficulty. There were, however, observable differences in the quantity of talk depending on the interlocutor’s proficiency. Unlike Davis (2009), this study found that low-proficiency test-takers produced fewer words when paired with high-proficiency partners. Even though the number of words produced by test takers was affected by their partner’s proficiency, their performance scores remained constant.
Testing measurement invariance of an EAP listening placement test across undergraduate and graduate Students
Authors:   Northern Arizona University, Youn Soo Jung , Im Seongah ,   University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa
Published: May 2023

The increasing number of international undergraduates enrolled in English-medium universities creates challenges for an existing EAP (English for Academic Purposes) placement test, especially when the validity of the existing test is not examined with incoming undergraduate examinees. As an attempt to address this issue from a measurement perspective, this study tested measurement invariance in a listening placement test across undergraduate and graduate examinees to investigate whether the test measures the same trait dimension across qualitatively distinct groups of examinees. Using 590 students’ listening placement test results, the best fitting baseline model was identified first and then competing models with a series of increasingly restrictive hypotheses were compared to test measurement and structural invariance of the target test across the undergraduate and graduate examinees. Measurement invariance across the undergraduate and graduate examinees was held, indicating invariant factors, equal factor loadings for each item, and error variance. However, structural invariance was not completely established especially for the factor means across two groups, which may suggest different score interpretations and uses depending on examinees’ academic status.
Concurrent and predictive validity of the Pearson Academic Test of English (PTE Academic)
Authors:   Macquarie University, Riazi Mehdi
Published: May 2023

This study examines the concurrent and predictive validity of the newly developed Pearson Test of English Academic (PTE Academic). The study involved 60 international university students who were non-native English speakers. The collected data included: the participants’ scores on a criterion test (IELTS Academic), their PTE Academic scores, and their academic performance as measured by their grade point average (GPA). The academic performance data of a similar norm group of native speakers were also collected. Results of the data analysis showed that there is a moderate to high significant correlation between PTE Academic and IELTS Academic overall, and also in terms of the four communication skills of listening, reading, speaking, and writing. Additionally, significant correlations were observed between the participants’ PTE Academic scores (overall and the four communication skills) and their academic performance. Results show that as the participants’ PTE Academic scores increased, their academic performance became on par or exceeded that of the norm group such that those in C1 and higher levels of the Common European Frame of Reference (CEFR) outperformed the norm group academically. Findings of this study provide useful implications for the testing community and higher education decision-makers.
Using evaluation to promote change in language teacher practice
Authors:   The University of Auckland, Erlam Rosemary
Published: May 2023

Recent literature in teacher education has argued for a shift away from the development of teacher cognitions as a goal of teacher education, to the development of core practices which would make a difference to students’ lives in the classroom (Ball & Forzani, 2009; Kubanyiova & Feryok, 2015; Zeichner, 2012). Hiebert and Morris (2012) propose that these key practices would be embedded into instructional contexts and preserved as lesson plans and as common assessments. This paper focuses on the evaluation tools developed for an in-service professional development programme for language teachers (the Teacher Professional Development Languages (TPDL) programme: http://www.tpdl.ac.nz/). TPDL is a year-long programme for teachers of foreign languages in NZ schools. Programme participants are visited by TPDL In-School support facilitators four times during the course of the year. The facilitators observe their teaching practice and then use two key documents, the ‘Evidence of Principles and Strategies (EPS) portfolio’ and the ‘Progress Standards’ to assist teachers to evaluate their practice against key criteria. As the year progresses the teachers are increasingly encouraged to take ownership and control of the use of these tools, so that by Visit 4, the evaluation is conducted as a self-assessment. This paper evaluates these tools and considers evidence for their validity. Data is presented from the case study of one teacher, to further demonstrate how the tools are used and to document evidence for any change in teaching practice.
Democratic Development Trends in the Countries of the South Caucasus Region
Authors: Nešković Slobodan ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2023

The Caucasus region includes the North and South Caucasus. The author analyzes only the theme of the South Caucasus, which is also called the Caucasus. Democratic development processes in the countries of the region are threatened by permanent con-flicts. This is especially the decades of war in the Nagorno-Karabakh province. The South Caucasus sub-region is characterized by the complex structure of the population as a result of historical circumstances and crisis geopolitical trends, as a result of sever-al-year confrontations of great powers in a given area. These countries are located in the southeastern borders of the European Union and belong to Europe and Asia, while the availability of energy resources initiates conflicts with Russia, which considers this area a sphere of vital national interest. Common to all of these countries is the presence of the frozen conflict which is a result of multi-level controversies, territorial misunder-standings and inter-ethnic contradictions. There is also a traditional attempt by Western hegemony to master the observed spaces.
The Pathologic Diagnosis of Pediatric Soft Tissue Tumors in the Era of Molecular Medicine: The Sarcoma Pediatric Pathology Research Interest Group Perspective
Authors: Black Jennifer O. , Al-Ibraheemi Alyaa , Arnold Michael A. , Coffin Cheryl M. , Davis Jessica L. , Parham David M. , Rudzinski Erin R. , Shenoy Archana , Surrey Lea F. , Tan Serena Y. , Spunt Sheri L.
Published: May 2023

Context.—

Pediatric soft tissue tumors are one of the areas of pediatric pathology that frequently generate consult requests. Evolving classification systems, ancillary testing methods, new treatment options, research enrollment opportunities, and tissue archival processes create additional complexity in handling these unique specimens. Pathologists are at the heart of this critical decision-making, balancing responsibilities to consider expediency, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness of ancillary testing during pathologic examination and reporting.

Objective.—

To provide a practical approach to handling pediatric soft tissue tumor specimens, including volume considerations, immunohistochemical staining panel recommendations, genetic and molecular testing approaches, and other processes that impact the quality and efficiency of tumor tissue triage.

Data Sources.—

The World Health Organization Classification of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumors, 5th edition, other recent literature investigating tissue handling, and the collective clinical experience of the group are used in this manuscript.

Conclusions.—

Pediatric soft tissue tumors can be difficult to diagnose, and evaluation can be improved by adopting a thoughtful, algorithmic approach to maximize available tissue and minimize time to diagnosis.
Inflammatory Lesions of the Breast
Authors: Turashvili Gulisa , Li Xiaoxian
Published: May 2023

Context.—

Inflammatory lesions of the breast are rare but not infrequently pose problems both clinically and morphologically, particularly on needle core biopsies. These lesions range from acute inflammatory conditions to chronic lymphoplasmacytic and lymphohistiocytic to granulomatous inflammatory diseases.

Objective.—

To provide a comprehensive overview of inflammatory lesions of the breast, with etiopathogenesis and clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features as well as differential diagnostic considerations, clinical management, and prognosis.

Data Sources.—

The existing literature in the English language, including original research articles and review articles describing inflammatory lesions of the breast.

Conclusions.—

Inflammatory lesions of the breast are characterized by a wide variety of clinical, radiologic, and morphologic features. The histopathologic differential diagnosis often includes a neoplastic process requiring ancillary studies and correlation with clinical and radiologic findings. Although most specimens display nonspecific findings precluding a definitive pathologic diagnosis, pathologists have a unique opportunity to play a crucial role in identifying key histologic features suggestive of certain entities, such as cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis, immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 mastitis, or squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts, in the right clinical and radiologic context, and thereby guiding optimal and timely clinical management. The information presented herein will be helpful to practicing anatomic pathologists and pathology trainees in becoming more familiar with specific morphologic features and overcoming differential diagnostic challenges related to pathology reporting of inflammatory lesions of the breast.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI PENERIMAAN PESERTA DIDIK BARU BERBASIS WEB PADA SMK ISLAMIC CENTRE CIREBON
Authors: Sahronih Siti , Syarifatul Munawaroh Lulu
Published: May 2023

This research is motivated by the low creative thinking ability of students which is influenced by several factors including the learning carried out by the teacher is less stimulating towards increasing creative thinking skills, namely the lack of use of appropriate learning media. Students do not get assignments that can hone their thinking skills and generate creative ideas or something new. Based on these problems, one of the efforts to improve students' creative thinking skills in this study is to apply learning media that can hone students' thinking skills, namely crossword puzzle learning media. This research uses Classroom Action Research (CAR), which consists of four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection. This research was carried out at SD Negeri Karanglayung with a sample of 16 fifth grade students. This research was carried out in two cycles, where from cycle to cycle there was a significant increase, namely the acquisition of the percentage value of teacher skills in the first cycle of 77%, in the second cycle of 93 %. The value of the percentage of student activity in the first cycle was 79%, in the second cycle it was 95%. The percentage value of students' creative thinking skills in the first cycle was 69%, in the second cycle it was 84%. Thus it can be seen that the use of crossword puzzle learning media that researchers apply in the learning process can improve students' creative thinking skills
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI PENERIMAAN PESERTA DIDIK BARU BERBASIS WEB PADA SMK ISLAMIC CENTRE CIREBON
Authors: Triansyah M. Agri , Farchan Mubarraq Muhammad
Published: May 2023

Learning media is a means of communication in the teaching and learning process in the form of hardware and software to achieve learning processes and outcomes effectively and efficiently, and can overcome the limitations of learning space and time. The purpose of this research is to design and produce a distance learning system product using raspberry pi as a portable server. The method used is the method of research and development (Research and Development) with the technique of observation, interviews and literature studies that are tailored to the needs of learning media in SMK Negeri 1 Cirebon. The test technique for this distance learning system uses the Black Box, namely testing is done by checking all statements in the program that are executed at least once and server testing is carried out by 30 students of industrial electronics engineering at SMK Negeri 1 Cirebon. The results of this study are a web server that runs on a raspberry pi 4 and can be accessed via a local or public network. The advantages of this tool are that it is cheaper than a server and is portable so that it can be moved from one place to another. The test results show that the server running on the raspberry pi 4 can function properly and can be implemented based on its purpose.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH UNTUK SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN BERBASIS SERVER PORTABLE RASPBERRY Pi 4
Authors: Mahfud Mahfud , Maulana Indra , Syafri Syamsudin Muhammad
Published: May 2023

Learning media is a means of communication in the teaching and learning process in the form of hardware and software to achieve learning processes and outcomes effectively and efficiently, and can overcome the limitations of learning space and time. The purpose of this research is to design and produce a distance learning system product using raspberry pi as a portable server. The method used is the method of research and development (Research and Development) with the technique of observation, interviews and literature studies that are tailored to the needs of learning media in SMK Negeri 1 Cirebon. The test technique for this distance learning system uses the Black Box, namely testing is done by checking all statements in the program that are executed at least once and server testing is carried out by 30 students of industrial electronics engineering at SMK Negeri 1 Cirebon. The results of this study are a web server that runs on a raspberry pi 4 and can be accessed via a local or public network. The advantages of this tool are that it is cheaper than a server and is portable so that it can be moved from one place to another. The test results show that the server running on the raspberry pi 4 can function properly and can be implemented based on its purpose
Tư tưởng sinh thái Phật giáo trong truyện ngắn Nam Bộ đầu thế kỷ XXI
Authors: Bùi Thanh Truyền , Hoàng Thị Tú Anh
Published: May 2023

Văn học thế kỷ XXI phản ánh nhiều vấn đề của đời sống, trong đó có vấn đề môi trường. Bắt nhịp nhanh với điều ấy, truyện ngắn Nam Bộ đầu thế kỷ XXI cũng chọn cho mình “lối viết sinh thái” nhưng có dấu ấn, màu sắc Phật giáo. Bài viết đề cập đến mối quan hệ giữa Phật giáo và sinh thái, từ đó phác thảo lên bức tranh đa dạng với nhiều mảng màu thể hiện tư tưởng sinh thái Phật giáo phương Nam. Chính tinh thần nhân văn đã giúp cho những sáng tác này tác động mạnh mẽ đến tâm thức con người, nói lên tiếng nói góp phần bảo vệ trái đất chúng ta.
Một số đặc điểm nghệ thuật trong tiểu thuyết lịch sử Nguyễn Du của Nguyễn Thế Quang
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Thẩm Mỹ
Published: May 2023

Với phạm vi bài viết này, chúng tôi tập trung tìm hiểu và làm sáng tỏ một số đặc điểm nghệ thuật trong cuốn tiểu thuyết Nguyễn Du của Nguyễn Thế Quang, cụ thể là: đặc điểm hư cấu từ sự kiện và nhân vật lịch sử, độc thoại và đối thoại lịch sử, điểm nhìn trần thuật và sự tích hợp thể loại. Qua đó, làm nổi bật lên nội dung, tư tưởng, chủ đề của tác phẩm và sự cách tân của tác giả trong tiến trình vận động của tiểu loại tiểu thuyết lịch sử Việt Nam đương đại.
Kesetaraan Gender : Pilihan atau Keharusan
Authors: Wospakrik Martha
Published: May 2023

Mewujukan kesetaraan perempuan dan laki-laki merupakan hal yang tidak mudah ibarat membalikkan telapak tangan. Kaum perempuan masih dipandang sebagai kelompok minoritas karenanya perempuan masih mengalami Tindakan ketidakadilan dalam berbagai ranah (publik maupun domestik). Upaya membangun dan menumbuhkan pemahaman kesetaraan gender membutuhkan keseriusan dengan berdasar pada konteks keadilan sebagai nilai utama yang mengesampingkan segala bentuk kepentingan dan menempatkan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan sebagai fondasi teologi diatas segalanya. Krisis relasi antara perempuan dan laki-laki yang berdampak pada perwujudan kesetaraan gender mesti disikapi dengan serius jika kestaraan gender itu dianggap sebagai suatu keharusan.
Efektivitas Pelayanan Pastoral Pranikah di Klasis GKI Port Numbay Rayon C
Authors: Noya Kathleen Grace
Published: May 2023

Saat ini banyak pasangan yang memutuskan untuk berpisah atau bercerai, karena tujuan pernikahan yang berbeda-beda. Ada yang menikah karena ingin memiliki keturunan, akhirnya ketika tidak memiliki keturunan salah satu memilih untuk selingkuh. Ada yang ingin menikah agar bahagia, sehingga ketika tidak menemukan kebahagiaan lagi dalam pernikahan, memilih untuk mencari kebahagiaan pada orang lain yang dianggap bisa membuat bahagia. Alasan lain ialah supaya ada yang mengurus, sehingga ketika salah satu tidak menjalankan tugas dengan baik, pasnagan mulai marah dan melakukan kekerasan terhadap pasangan secara verbal dan non verbal. Tetapi juga pasangan yang tetap memaksakan kehendak untuk menikah meski tahu bahwa pasangannya itu kasar, sehingga saat menikah dan dikasari memilih untuk berpisah atau bercerai. Padahal hal-hal seperti ini harus benar-benar diselesaikan sebelum menikah. Sebab ketika sudah ada di dalam pernikahan setiap pasangan harus berkomitmen dengan pilihan yang telah dipilih. Oleh karena itu, sebaiknya pastoral pranikah dilakukan dengan jangka waktu yang panjang bukan dua atau satu hari saja. Sehingga setiap pasangan benar-benar menerima pengajaran yang lengkap yang dapat membantu mereka menjalani hidup berumah tangga. Lokus penelitian yang peneliti pilih adalah di wilayah pelayanan Klasis GKI Port Numbay Rayon C. Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas maka yang menjadi rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah Bagaimana bentuk pelayanan pastoral prranikah yang dilakukan Klasis GKI Port Numbay Rayon C ? Apakah pelayanan pastoral pranikah yang dilakukan oleh Klasis GKI Port Numbay Rayon C sudah berjalan dengan efektif? Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Metodologi Penelitian Deksriptif Kualitatif.
Disabilitas Dan Gereja Tentang Diakonia Transformatif Kepada Penyandang Disabilitas Di GKI Pniel Klasis Biak Utara
Authors: Paliling Febrikal Chandra
Published: May 2023

Istilah disabilitas dipakai untuk menunjukkan suatu keadaan seseorang yang mengalami gangguan atau cacat pada fisik juga mental. itu berarti bahwa istilah disabilitas ini memiliki jenis-jenis sebutan masing-masing bagi orang yang memiliki gangguan atu cacat.

Jemaat GKI Pniel Korem adalah satu dari banyaknya gereja yang ada dan melakukan tanggung jawab pelayanan. Di wilayah pelayanannya tentunya masih terdapat umat/jemaat yang membutuhkan pelayanan dari gereja tetapi terkadang pelayanan itu tidak dilakukan oleh karena adanya  kelalaian atau ketidaktahuan. Salah satu pelayanan gereja khususnya pelayanan diakonia yang masih  terabaikan  dalam jemaat GKI Pniel Korem, ialah pelayanan diakonia kepada kelompok  penyandang disabilitas.

Untuk jumlah penyandang disabilitas, khususnya tunadaksa di Jemaat GKI Pniel Korem, Klasis Biak Utara, terdapat  8 orang, dengan tingkatan usia yang berbeda-beda, mulai dari anak-anak sampai orang tua. Keberadaan penyandang disabilitas di dalam jemaat GKI Pniel Korem. Yang sering terjadi dan sampai saat ini masih terjadi adalah perilaku atau tindakan diskriminasi kepada penyandang disabilitas oleh beberapa anggota jemaat, mereka biasanya mendapatkan perlakuan seperti ejekan atas keadaan tubuh mereka tetapi juga gaya berjalan mereka ditiru. Perilaku tersebut bukan hanya berasal dari luar mereka tetapi dari dalam keluarga mereka juga terjadi. Disaat seperti inilah peranan pelayanan diakonia harus berperan menjangkau penyandang disabilitas. Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas maka yang menjadi rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah

Pelayanan diakonia transformatif kepada penyandang diasbilitas (Tunadaksa) di Jemaat GKI Pniel Korem, Klasis Biak Utara dan bagaimana Pandangan Gereja tentang disabilitas. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah Metode Deskriptif Kualitatif.
Keragu - raguan Tomas Sebagai Dasar Penguatan Iman (Suatu Kajian Eksegese Terhadap Injil Yohanes 20:24-29)
Authors: Mambraku Olvin Oktavia
Published: May 2023

Tomas adalah pribadi yang rasional dan realistis dan juga konteks pada saat peristiwa kematian Yesus turut mempengaruhi cara pandang dan sikap Tomas. Oleh karena Keragu-raguan Tomas, Yesus menampakan diri secara khusus kepada dia untuk memberikan penguatan iman kepadanya yang pada saat itu sedang mengalami kebimbangan iman atau keraguan terhadap kebangkitan Yesus. Oleh sebab itu peneliti hendak meneliti mengenai beberapa  hal penting, yakni Apa Penyebab  keragu-raguan Tomas dalam Injil Yohanes 20:24-29? Bagaimana sikap Tomas dalam menanggapi pemberitaan kebangkitan Yesusdalam  Injil Yohanes 20:25? Bagaimana tindakan Yesus Terhadap Keragu-Raguan Tomas dalam Injil Yohanes 20:27? Bagaimana Sikap Tomas Ketika Imannya Telah Dikuatkan Oleh Yesus dalam Injil Yohanes 20:28? Bagaimana relevansi keragu-raguan Tomas terhadap pemberitaan kebangkitan Yesus bagi orang Kristen masa kini?

Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini  adalah penelitian studi pustaka dengan menggunakan metode Tafsir Tujuh Langkah. Metode tujuh langkah yakni kegiatan Menafsir yang dilakukan dalam tujuh tahapan. Berdasarkan eksegese terhadap Injil Yohanes 20:24-29, yang menjadi penyebab keragu-raguan ialah ketidakhadiran Tomas pada pertemuan pertama para murid, yang membuat ia tidak dapat menyaksikan perjumpaan Yesus dengan para murid pada pertemuan itu, sehingga  membuat Tomas Ragu. Tetapi juga didukung oleh konsep berpikir Tomas yang dipengaruhi oleh budaya helenisme yang membuat Tomas menjadi seorang yang Realistis dan materialistis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Tomas dengan rasional menolak untuk percaya dengan apa yang dikatakan oleh murid-murid lain namun dalam keraguan Tomas pulalah yang membuat Yesus memperingatkannya dan sekaligus perkataan Tuhan Yesus menguatkan kapasitas iman Tomas. Tidak hanya Tomas saja namun juga menguatkan iman orang Kristen di segala zaman.