bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of a Dedicated Bone‐Supported Surgical Template for Dental Implant Placement with Direct Visual Control
Authors: Sun Yi , Luebbers Heinz-Theo , Agbaje Jimoh Olubanwo , Kong Liang , Schepers Serge , Daems Luc , Legrand Paul , Jacobs Reinhilde , Politis Constantinus , Vrielinck Luc
Published: December 2015

The aim of this study is to evaluate feasibility and accuracy of dental implant placement utilizing a dedicated bone‐supported surgical template. Thirty‐eight implants (sixteen in maxilla, twenty‐two in mandible) were placed in seven fully edentulous jaws (three maxillae, four mandibles) guided by the designed bone‐supported surgical template. A voxel‐based registration technique was applied to match pre‐ and post‐operative CBCT scans. The mean angular deviation and mean linear deviation at the implant hex and apex were 6.4 ± 3.7° (0.7° – 14.8°), 1.47 ± 0.64 mm (0.5 – 2.56 mm) and 1.70 ± 1.01 mm (0.71 –4.39 mm), respectively. The presented bone‐supported surgical template showed acceptable accuracy for clinical use. In return for reduced accuracy, clinicians gain accessibility when using this type of surgical template for both the maxilla and the mandible. This is particularly important in patients with reduced mouth opening.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Steel Profiles with Intumescent Coating Adjacent to Space-Enclosing Elements in Fire
Authors: Kraus Peter , Mensinger Martin , Tabeling Florian , Schaumann Peter
Published: December 2015

In this paper, the research program “Optimized use of intumescent coating systems on steel members” is presented. The aim of the project is to quantify the influence of space-enclosing elements on the thermal behavior of supporting steel members. Those elements partially result in a restrained expansion of the fire protection system. Experimental investigations on coated beams and columns directly connected to space-enclosing elements are presented. Additionally, numerical simulations are performed for temperature field calculations of steel elements with intumescent coating. As a new development, the numerical model takes into account the expansion process of the intumescent coating.
Graphical Proof of the Main Theorem of Non-Euclidean Geometry
Authors: Сафиулина  , Safiulina Yu. , Шмурнов  , Shmurnov V.
Published: December 2015

The tragedy for the pioneers of non-Euclidean geometry (N. Lobachevsky and J. Boyai) was their quarrel with the scientific tradition. Figuratively speaking, in the judgment of the scientific world they could not provide proof of their views, and substantive law of science was not on their side despite the efforts of such an influential advocate as Karl Friedrich Gauss. They lost the civil process to the scientific layman, who sincerely believed that the earth is flat. Traditionally mathematical logic considers a new idea proven, if it is derived by inference from already proven ones, or recognized as obvious, or recognized without proof (postulates). Yet the founders of non-Euclidean geometry could not imagine such traditional evidence at all desire, because it had not yet been developed, and most importantly respective starting points (axioms, postulates, and theorems) had not been recognized by mathematicians. The paper outlines the original concept of non-Euclidean geometries. Hyperbolic geometry of Lobachevsky is considered based on viewing the sphere as a surface of zero curvature. In this case, the plane will have a real curvature properties of hyperboloid or a pseudosphere depending on the absolute and space anisotropy index, which replaces the concept of curvature of space; i.e. the notion of the curvature of the surface is converted to purely analytical attributes. Parabolic geometry of Euclid with degenerate absolute becomes a special case of geometries with non-degenerate absolute. The geometry of Riemann having the absolute of imaginary surface with negative Gaussian curvature at all points is declared not real but imaginary, since, according to the authors, it is impossible for plotting. References to textbooks of mechanics and mathematics departments of universities.
Finnish ‘Ecstasy’ arrives. Nordic eroticism as a strategy for foreign distribution
Authors: Lehtisalo Anneli
Published: December 2015

The article studies the international distribution of the Finnish film Hilja maitotyttö/The Milkmaid (Särkkä, 1953) and how the idea of ‘Nordic eroticism’, made famous by Swedish films, was utilized in the film and its marketing. In addition, it discusses how the film was received internationally.
Using 3D Microscopy to Analyze Experimental Cut Marks on Animal Bones Produced with Different Stone Tools
Authors: Moretti Erika , Arrighi Simona , Boschin Francesco , Crezzini Jacopo , Aureli Daniele , Ronchitelli Annamaria
Published: December 2015

This study uses a combination of digital microscopic analysis and experimental archaeology to assess stone tool cut marks on animal bones. We used two un-retouched flint flakes and two burins to inflict cut marks on fresh, boiled, and dry ungulate  bones. The experiment produced three series of three engravings on each bone with each of the experimental tools. The first series involved one single stroke; the second, two strokes in the same direction; and the third, multiple strokes using a to-and-fro movement. We analyzed the striations using a Hirox 3D digital microscope (KH-7700) and collected metric and profile data on the morphology of the cut marks. In order to describe the shape of each cross section, we calculated the ratio between the breadth at the top and the breadth at the floor of cut marks. Preliminary results show that both the tool type and the method of creating the cut mark influence the shape of the resulting groove. In our experiment, morphological parameters can be used to differentiate between marks produced using un-retouched flint flakes and those produced using burins. However, neither morphological nor morphometric analysis allows us to identify the mechanical motion used to produce the cuts, nor the state of the bone (fresh, boiled, or dry) at the moment of marking.
Data Collection in Zooarchaeology: Incorporating Touch-Screen, Speech-Recognition, Barcodes, and GIS
Authors: Dibble W. Flint
Published: December 2015

When recording observations on specimens, zooarchaeologists typically use a pen and paper or a keyboard. However, the use of awkward terms and identification codes when recording thousands of specimens makes such data entry prone to human transcription errors. Improving the quantity and quality of the zooarchaeological data we collect can lead to more robust results and new research avenues. This paper presents design tools for building a customized zooarchaeological database that leverages accessible and affordable 21st century technologies. Scholars interested in investing time in designing a custom-database in common software (here, Microsoft Access) can take advantage of the affordable touch-screen, speech-recognition, and geographic information system (GIS) technologies described here. The efficiency that these approaches offer a research project far exceeds the time commitment a scholar must invest to deploy them.
Gerenciamento de riscos na cadeia agroindustrial de frango: análise da perspectiva dos avicultores em Ubá, Minas Gerais
Authors: Oliveira Leandro Gomes , De Freitas Denise Cervilha , Batalha Mário Otávio , Alcântara Rosane Lúcia Chicarelli
Published: December 2015

A cadeia de frango é de grande importância para o agronegócio brasileiro. Apesar de utilizar a integração como forma de coordenação de sua cadeia de suprimentos, eventos de riscos são inerentes e podem influenciar seu funcionamento e seu desempenho. Esse estudo visou identificar os riscos que impactam negativamente a cadeia de frango de corte sobre a perspectiva dos avicultores do município de Ubá, Minas Gerais e quais as estratégias adotadas pela agroindústria integradora a fim de mitigá-los. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura para identificar os principais riscos inerentes a essa cadeia e depois um questionário foi aplicado para analisar a perspectiva dos avicultores integrados em relação a esses riscos. Em seguida, uma entrevista em profundidade foi realizada para entender as respostas obtidas e identificar as estratégias de mitigação de riscos utilizados por essa cadeia. Foi possível perceber que os riscos mais impactantes na cadeia de suprimentos de frango, na perspectiva dos avicultores, foram aumento da temperatura, preço recebido pelo produtor e risco relacionado ao investimento; e os riscos menos importantes foram condições das estradas, contaminação da ração e aumento do preço da carne de frango. Verificou-se também que alguns dos riscos identificados na pesquisa já possuem estratégias de mitigação, principalmente através da incorporação de novas tecnologias e equipamentos.
Qual o significado de valor? Uma abordagem baseada em diferentes perspectivas
Authors: Ribeiro da Silva Elias Hans Dener , Pinheiro de Lima Edson , Gouvêa da Costa Sérgio Eduardo
Published: December 2015

A pesquisa relacionada ao desenvolvimento e conceituação de valor envolve diferentes áreas do conhecimento e é caracterizada por um desenrolar temporal associado à gênese e evolução dos sistemas econômicos. Um número significativo de estudos nessa área ao passar dos anos tem sido direcionado a aspectos puramente econômicos, principalmente no que se refere à análise de criação de valor pelas organizações. O presente artigo tem como objetivo revisitar o conceito de valor por meio do paradigma econômico-social e utiliza de uma revisão de literatura fundamentada em diferentes disciplinas que contribuem para definir conceitualmente os determinantes da criação de valor. Observa-se que a sustentabilidade empresarial e as técnicas relacionadas à gestão de operações vêm sendo muito estudadas nos últimos anos, sendo a sustentabilidade considerada de “valor intangível”, porém elevado, tanto quanto valores de credibilidade e reputação organizacional. O trabalho contribui na identificação e conceituação dos determinantes da criação de valor, além de verificar que a sustentabilidade é um dos conceitos fortes na agenda estratégica das organizações e uma importante orientação para criação e manutenção de valor em uma perspectiva de longo prazo.
Avaliação da eficiência energética na iluminação pública: proposta de modelagem considerando a variabilidade climática
Authors: Caruzzo Amaury , Nogueira Luiz Augusto Horta
Published: December 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é propor uma metodologia para avaliar os impactos da variabilidade climática no consumo eficiente de energia elétrica na iluminação pública no Brasil. Foi aplicado o Método por Demanda Climática (MDC) e calculado a economia de energia das ações do Programa Nacional de Iluminação Pública Eficiente (ReLuz) em 2005, considerando a climatologia mensal de insolação, desagregadas por mesorregiões brasileiras. Pelo MDC, a economia total de energia na iluminação pública em 2005 foi estimado em 63 GWh/ano ou 1,39% superior do valor determinado pelo ReLuz/Eletrobrás e uma redução na demanda de ponta de aproximadamente 15 MW, considerando os quase 393 mil pontos atendidos no ReLuz neste ano. Os resultados indicam que, além da diferença de latitude, a variabilidade climática nas diferentes mesorregiões é um fator que amplia em até 19% o tempo de utilização diário das lâmpadas na iluminação pública. Além disso, devido às dimensões do Brasil, os padrões de sazonalidade na economia de energia não são homogêneos e tem uma correlação entre a variabilidade mensal de insolação e a latitude das mesorregiões avaliadas. O uso do MDC também demostrou ser adequado para determinar um ranking das mesorregiões com os maiores índices de economia de energia por ponto de iluminação pública.
The Energy Effectiveness Of Crops In Crop Rotation Under Different Soil Tillage Systems
Authors: Strašil Zdeněk , Vach Milan , Smutný Vladimír
Published: December 2015

The paper identifies and compares the energy balance of winter wheat, spring barley and white mustard – all grown in crop rotation under different tillage conditions. The field trial included the conventional tillage (CT) method, minimum tillage (MT) and a system with no tillage (NT). The energy inputs included both the direct and indirect energy component. Energy outputs are evaluated as gross calorific value (gross heating value of phytomass dry matter) of the primary product and the total harvested production. The energy effectiveness (energy output: energy input) was selected for evaluation. The greatest energy effectiveness for the primary product was established as 6.35 for barley, 6.04 for wheat and 3.68 for mustard; in the case of total production, it was 9.82 for barley, 10.08 for wheat and 9.72 for mustard. When comparing the different tillage conditions, the greatest energy effectiveness was calculated for the evaluated crops under the MT operation and represented the primary product of wheat at 6.49, barley at 6.69 and mustard at 3.92. The smallest energy effectiveness for the primary product was found in wheat 5.77 and barley 6.10 under the CT option; it was 3.55 for mustard under the option of NT. Throughout the entire cropping pattern, the greatest energy effectiveness was established under the minimum tillage option – 5.70 for the primary product and 10.47 for the total production. On the other hand, the smallest values were calculated under CT – 5.22 for the primary product and 9.71 for total production.
Additional Glacial Relicts in Carei Plain Natural Protected Area, North-Western Romania
Authors: Szatmari Paul-Marian
Published: December 2015

This paper presents new scientific data on the spread of mountain elements in the plains of the northwestern part of Romania, species that managed to survive in this area since the last glacial period. Previous studies revealed that the northwestern part of Romania does not exhibit vegetation specific to the region of forest steppe, hills or low mountain areas, as expected. Many species common to mountainous regions were previously observed not only in Carei Plain, but also in Ier Plain, Tur Plain, Tăşnad Hills or Oaş region across Satu Mare, Bihor and Sălaj counties. The same observations were made in other parts of Carei Plain in Hungary, and conclusions were drawn that the area was a glacial refuge. On the Hungarian side of the Carei Plain, the ecosystems were also better preserved comparative to the Romanian side, where most of the natural ecosystems of the Carei Plain were destroyed due to the conversion to agricultural land starting with the 19th century and culminating in the communist period during the 20th century. The study is also intended to be a complement to the data on "Natura 2000" sites, whose goal is the protection of biodiversity in Europe along with their conservation in the most favorable conditions. An update of these sites is becoming increasingly necessary since in recent decades they have been greatly impacted by human activities.
Eine Neuedition von P.Berl. Cohen 8
Authors: Hagedorn Dieter , Reiter Fabian
Published: December 2015

A new edition of the sale of an ass from Kerkesoucha P.Berl. Cohen 8, offering new readings especially of the prescript, gives new weight to the text in regard to the discussion of the process of centralization of the activities of the state notaries in the Arsinoite nome at the end of the II cent. C.E.
Relation between chronic periodontitis and prevalence of head-neck carcinoma in association with quality of life
Authors: Nitescu Diana-Cristala , Solomon Sorina , Ursarescu Irina , Martu Ioana , Martu Cristian , Martu Silvia
Published: December 2015

Background and Aim: Substantial evidence supports an association between chronic infections/inflammation, and cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of chronic periodontitis on head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 46 patients, divided into two groups. Cases were patients diagnosed with primary HNSCC (n=26). Controls were all patients seen during the same period of time but negative for malignancy (n=20). The severity of periodontitis was assessed through clinical determination of the bleeding index, periodontal index, tooth mobility degree and alveolar bone loss (ABL) on standardized panoramic radiographs. All patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire regarding aspects of quality of life before the diagnostic was established. Results: Each millimetre of ABL was associated with >4-fold increased risk for HNSCC. The strength of the association was greatest in the oral cavity, followed by the oropharynx and larynx. The association persisted in subjects who never used tobacco and alcohol. Patients with periodontitis, whose bleeding and periodontal indices and tooth mobility values were higher, were more likely to have poorly differentiated oral cavity SCC than those without periodontitis (32.8% versus 11.5%; P = 0.038). The patients in the study group had higher values regarding the questionnaire points compared to those in the control group. Conclusions: This study suggests that chronic periodontitis is a risk factor for the development of HNSCC. These results have implications for practical and improved strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HNSCC.
Failure analysis of ParaPost drills that fractured in service: a retrieval analysis study
Authors: Al Jabbari Youssef S. , Fournelle Raymond , Al Qhatani Mirae , Zinelis Spiros
Published: December 2015

The aim was to determine the fracture mechanism of two clinically failed ParaPost drills. First, the fracture planes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The drill end of one of the fractured pieces of each drill was then embedded in resin and after being metallographically ground and polished, was chemically etched. The microstructure and elemental composition were then examined by SEM/EDS analysis while hardness was determined with a Vickers testing device. Fractographic analysis revealed that both drills failed in a brittle manner and showed a pattern characteristic of a
Analysis of Vision Development in Patients after Childhood Cataract Surgery
Authors: Valeina Sandra , Sepetiene Svetlana , Laganovska Guna , Radecka Liga , Vanags Juris , Erts Renars , Meskovska Zanda , Sture Elize Anna
Published: December 2015

Introduction. Childhood cataracts have different morphologies and different presentation time. If clouding of the lens interferes with visual development, the only type of treatment is lens extraction surgery in order to prevent low vision or blindness development. Intraocular lens implantation is also successfully used in children to correct eye refraction after lens extraction surgery. After surgery combined correction using spectacles or contact lenses is frequently carried out.

Aim of the Study. To analyze paediatric cataract morphology and cataract presentation time. To compare patients with different morphological types of cataract, as well as patients with different onsets of lens clouding.To compare vision outcomes in these two classification groups.

Materials and methods. There was performed a retrospective analysis of 83 childhood cataract eyes, with the surgery being performed in the time period from 2006-2013. Visual acuity, contrast-sensitivity, binocular functions, and refraction were measured third month, 6th month, and 9th month after surgery, and then later once a year. Postoperative complications such as secondary cataract and secondary glaucoma were diagnosed. Visual development in different cataract groups was compared.

The patients were divided into groups depending on cataract presentation time and the type of cataract morphology thus creating five major morphological groups and 12 sub-groups. Established groups were compared to each other by analysing visual development. Results. Pearson’s chi-square statistical analysis showed that there is a statistically significant correlation (p <0.05) between morphological classification and cataract presentation over time. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) reveals that postoperative visual abilities (visual outcome)(p <0.001) differ across morphological and cataract presentation groups.

Conclusions. Visual development of childhood cataract patients is dependent on the onset of cataract and its morphology, it is affected by cataract surgery timeliness, quality of surgery, postoperative refractive correction possibilities and tolerability; myopic deviation; close patient monitoring; early diagnosis, and treatment of postoperative complications. Futher research is required in order to conduct mathematical modelling of the visual outcome after paediatric cataract surgery.
Post Operative Pain Management for Open Inguinal Hernia Repair under Ultrasound Guidance with two Different Regional Analgesia Techniques: Transversus Abdominis Plane Block VS Ilioinguinal / Iliohypogastric Nerves Block
Authors: Slim Yehya , Rikmane Maija , Grigorjevs Sergejs , Stepanovs Jevgenijs , Mamaja Biruta
Published: December 2015

Introduction. An effective postoperative analgesia is of key importance to facilitate recovery during the immediate postoperative period and to ensure early ambulation. The transversus abdominis plane block (TAP) and ilioinguinal / iliohypogastric nerves block (IHN) are a relatively new regional analgesia techniques that provide a postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery.

Aim of the Study. The objective of this study was to compare the analgesic effectiveness of ultrasound guided TAP block versus ultrasound guided IHN block in the post-operative period of unilateral open inguinal hernia repair.

Materials and methods. One hundred five consented adult patients scheduled for unilateral open inguinal hernia repair were enrolled in this randomised controlled clinical study. US-guided regional analgesia with 0.5 % of levobupivacaine was performed after induction of general anaesthesia (GA). Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A- 53 patients underwent TAP block vs. Group B- 52 patients underwent IHN block. All patients received a standardised GA. Both groups were comparable for age, gender, ASA, and weight. All patients were scheduled for postoperative pain assessment using a visual analogue scale (VAS) at two definite times: 1- VAS1: when patient was awake and conscious post GA; 2- VAS2: when patient requested a rescue analgesia or patient reached 17 hours post block performance.

Results. There were no significant differences in age, gender, ASA, or weight between both groups (p=0.9; p=0.8; p=0.6; p=0.9 respectively).

We found out significant differences comparing VAS score over the time, the IHN block had better effect than the TAP block on relieving pain at the VAS1 (p=0.03) and VAS2 (p=0.04).

The duration of the blocks in group A and group B was as the following:

2-6.5 hrs= [Mean ± SD: 4.2 ± 1.5 vs. 5 ± 0.8 respectively and p=0.03]; 6.5-17 hrs= [Mean ± SD: 11.9 ± 2.3 vs. 14.4 ± 1.7 respectively and p=0.203]; ≥ 17 hrs= [Mean ± SD: 19 ± 1.1 vs. 20.1 ± 2 respectively and p=0.003]. The results of our study were more favourable for the IHN block in all the 3 timing groups.

Conclusions. Ultrasound-guided IHN block provides better pain control and longer duration of action than ultrasound-guided TAP block in the post-operative period of unilateral open inguinal hernia repair.

Both regional analgesia techniques: TAP block and IHN block under ultrasound guidance for open inguinal hernia repair are simple, safe and effective pain control methods.
Non-surgical Management of Acute Nonperforated Appendicitis in Children
Authors: Viksne Arturs , Abola Zane , Engelis Arnis , Petersons Aigars
Published: December 2015

Acute appendicitis is common condition in the pediatric population. Despite that, there is still actual discussion on most approriate treatment. In adult population there are evidence that non-surgical treatment in uncomplicated cases is safe and effective, it could avoid unnecessary appendectomies. The experience is very little on pediatric population, but it is known that in certain part of cases conservative management is feasible. Moreover this approach could reduce complication rates associated with surgery.
Colorectal Leiomyosarcoma – a Rare Tumour in GIST Era
Authors: Drike Inese , Strumfa Ilze , Kolomencikova Lubova , Vasko Ervins , Vanags Andrejs , Gardovskis Janis
Published: December 2015

Primary malignant mesenchymal colorectal tumours, representing a small fraction of soft tissue sarcomas, are characterised by predominance of gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST). After the GIST concept has been implemented in the diagnostics, the incidence of registered leiomyosarcomas has markedly decreased. The scarcity of credible cases embarrasses the analysis of tumour biological behaviour. Here we report well-documented, immunohistochemically proved, surgically treated case of colonic leiomyosarcoma (LMS) in order to broaden the published evidence by our data and to emphasize that the differential diagnosis of mesenchymal gastrointestinal tumours is not limited by GIST.
Bilateral Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung in Association with Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Authors: Jukna Agita , Strumfa Ilze , Vasko Ervins , Vanags Andrejs
Published: December 2015

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a benign epithelial neoplasm which most frequently affects larynx and trachea and rarely extends to lung parenchyma. Transformation to malignant tumour is distinctly rare. Here we report a well-documented, morphologically proved and surgically treated case of bilateral pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma in a young adult male with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. The aim of the report is to heighten the awareness of malignant transformation in such patients.
Malignant Neighbours in Liver: Co-Occurrence of Metastatic Colorectal and Hepatocellular Carcinomas
Authors: Vasko Ervins , Vanags Andrejs , Strumfa Ilze , Bogdanova Tatjana , Drike Inese , Gardovskis Janis
Published: December 2015

As the cancer incidence is high and oncologic treatment has improved worldwide, a second primary tumour can threaten the patient. Such situation demands correct management, and can also provide an insight in the mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Here we report a surgically treated 54-year-old female with recurrent colorectal cancer showing close colocalisation of hepatocellular carcinoma arising in non-cirrhotic liver and metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, only few such cases have been reported, mostly from areas characterised by high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Recurrent Multiple Atypical Meningiomas Despite Neurosurgical Resection
Authors: Bergs Gvido Janis , Stukens Janis , Bremmers Martins , Jakovlevs Arvids , Vanags Andrejs , Strumfa Ilze
Published: December 2015

Meningiomas constitute 20-38% of primary intracranial neoplasms. Among these, atypical meningiomas (WHO grade II) comprise 4.7-7.2% of symptomatic cases. The primary goal of surgery is the complete removal of the meningioma, including the attachment to dura mater and bone. Subtotal resection as well as more aggressive histological type and grade are associated with higher recurrence risk. Here we report a 68-year-old male who suffered from multiple (5) meningiomas which necessitated 3 resections within 4 years. The simultaneous occurrence of different tumour grades of malignancy as well as grade progression was evident.
First Lung Transplantation on a Latvian patient with Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Skride Andris , Sablinskis Kristaps , Rudzitis Ainars , Lesina Krista
Published: December 2015

This is the case of the first bilateral/double-lung transplantation (DLT) on a Latvian patient which was performed due to right heart failure caused by idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). After DLT the patient developed acute kidney failure which was successfully solved with an intermittent hemofiltration. The patient now receives specialized immunosuppressive therapy.
Von U-Booten, Kriegsreportern und dem Fall des Hauses Romanov
Authors: Bohn Anna
Published: December 2015

The mass digitization of finding aids and original documents from the First World War presents a challenge in developing digital multimedia scholarly editions. Different source categories and media types such as film documents, written records, images and sound can thus be linked, annotated and contextualized. This is illustrated by describing the complex source transmission of three historical events: the submarine warfare in the Mediterranean in 1917, the murder of the Romanov family by the Bolshevik revolutionaries and the cross-border activities and professional life of the Russian born war reporter Samson Chernov (1887-1929) during the Balkan Wars and the First World War.
Feasibility Study Of Maisotsenko Indirect Evaporative Air Cooling Cycle In Iran
Authors: Rezaee Vahid , Houshmand Arash
Published: December 2015

This paper presents energy and exergy analysis of air cooling cycle based on novel Maisotsenko indirect evaporative cooling cycle. Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) provides desired cooling condition above the dew point and below the wet bulb temperature. In this study, based on average annual temperature, The Iran area is segmented into eleven climates. In energy analysis, wet-bulb and dew point effectiveness, cooling capacity rate and in exergy analysis, exergy input rate, exergy destruction rate, exergy loss, exergy efficiency, exergetic COP and entropy generation rate for Iran's weather conditions in the indicated climates are calculated. Moreover, a feasibility study based on water evaporation rate and Maisotsenko cycle was presented. Energy and exergy analysis results show that the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth climates are quite compatible and Rasht, Sari, Ramsar and Ardabile cities are irreconcilable with the Maisotsenko cycle.
Ghrelin action on GnRH neurons and pituitary gonadotropes might be mediated by GnIH-GPR147 system
Authors: Celik Onder , Celik Nilufer , Aydin Suleyman , Aygun Banu Kumbak , Haberal Esra Tustas , Kuloglu Tuncay , Ulas Mustafa , Aktun Lebriz Hale , Acet Mustafa , Celik Sudenaz
Published: December 2015

Acylated ghrelin (AG) effect on GnRH secretion is mediated, at least in part, by GH secreta-gogue receptor (GHS-R) which is present in the GnRH neurons. As the acylation is mandatory for binding to GHS-R, unacylated isoform of ghrelin (UAG) action on gonadotropin secretion is likely to be mediated by other receptors or mediators that have not been identified yet. UAG, therefore, may act partially via a GHS-R-independent mechanism and inhibitory impact of UAG on GnRH neurons may be executed via modulation of other neuronal networks. Ghrelin and gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH), two agonistic peptides, have been known as important regulators of reproductive events. Potential impact of ghrelin on the activity of GnIH neurons is not exactly known. Both GnIH and ghrelin are potent stimulators of food intake and inhibitors of gonadotropin release. By binding G-protein coupled GnIH receptor (GnIH-R), GPR147, which is located in the human gonadotropes and GnRh neurons, GnIH exerts an inhibitory effect on both GnRH neurons and the gonadotropes. The GnIH-GPR147 system receives information regarding the status of energy reservoir of body from circulating peptides and then transfers them to the kisspeptin-GnIH-GnRH network. Due to wide distribution of this network in brain GnIH neurons may project on ghrelin neurons in the arcuate nucleus and contribute to the regulation of UAG’s central effects or vice versa. Together, the unidentified ghrelin receptor in the hypothalamus and hypophysis may be GnIH-R. Therefore, it is reasonable that ghrelin may act on both hypothalamus and hypophysis via GnIH-GPR147 system to block gonadotropin synthesis and secretion.
Deforestation And Its Impacts On Climate Change An Overview Of Pakistan
Authors: Ali Arshad , Riaz Somana , Iqbal Shahid
Published: December 2015

Forests are one the main natural factors that regulate and determine climate, weather patterns and amount of CO2 of an area. With rapid industrialization and rapid urbanization there is a significant increase in deforestation and as a consequence rise in global mean surface temperatures. Rapid and unchecked cut down of forest cover has resulted in some of the worst disasters during the last decades. This paper focuses on studying the role of deforestation, its influence on climate change phenomena and its consequences in Pakistan.
The Network Of Shelterbelts As An Agroforestry System Controlling The Water Resources And Biodiversity In The Agricultural Landscape
Authors: Kędziora Andrzej
Published: December 2015

Long-term human activity has led to many unfavourable changes in landscape structure. The main negative effect has been a simplification of landscape structure reflecting the removal of stable ecosystems, such as forests, shelterbelts, strips of meadows and so on, which were converted into unstable ecosystems, mainly farmlands. Thanks to these changes, serious threats have been posed to the sustainable development of rural areas. The most hazardous of these involve a deteriorating of water balance, increased surface and ground water pollution, and impoverishment of biodiversity. An agroforestry system can serve as a toolkit which allows counteracting such negative changes in the landscape. This paper presents the main findings emerge from long-term investigations on the above issues carried out by the Institute for the Agricultural and Forest Environment of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
Climate Change Research – What Do We Need Really?
Authors: Rama Chandra Prasad P.
Published: December 2015

This research note focuses on the current climate change research scenario and discusses primarily what is required in the present global climate change conditions. Most of the climate change research and models predict adverse future conditions that have to be faced by humanity, with less emphasis on mitigation measures. Moreover, research ends as reports on the shelves of scientists and researchers and as publications in journals. At this juncture the major focus should be on research that helps in reducing the impact rather than on analysing future scenarios of climate change using different models. The article raises several questions and suggestions regards climate change research and lays emphasis on what we really need from climate change researchers.
Energiewenden aus historischer Perspektive
Authors: Streb Jochen
Published: December 2015

As most other industrialized countries, Germany experienced three major changes in its energy mix in the last two centuries, namely the respective transitions to coal, oil, and nuclear power. This paper discusses the reasons and consequences of these changes with respect to energy consumption, energy prices, and growth. One major finding is that each energy transition led to a devaluation of traditional locational advantages such as the existence of local sources of water power or coal beds. Another important observation is that most of the energy transitions were accompanied by significant government subsidies aiming at either promoting new energy sources or reducing the social hardship associated with the decline of traditional power industries.
Microbiological Quality of Soft, Semi-Hard and Hard Cheeses During the Shelf-Life
Authors: Vrdoljak Josip , Dobranić Vesna , Filipović Ivana , Zdolec Nevijo
Published: December 2015

Cheeses as ready-to-eat food should be considered as a potential source of foodborne pathogens, primarily Listeria monocytogenes. The aim of present study was to determine the microbiological quality of soft, semi-hard and hard cheeses during the shelf-life, with particular reference to L. monocytogenes. Five types of cheeses were sampled at different time-points during the cold storage and analyzed for presence of Salmonella and L. monocytogenes, as well as lactic acid bacteria, Escherichia coli, coagulase-positive staphylococci, yeasts, molds, sulfite-reducing clostridia and L. monocytogenes counts. Water activity, pH and NaCl content were monitored in order to evaluate the possibility of L. monocytogenes growth. Challenge test for L. monocytogenes was performed in soft whey cheese, to determine the growth potential of pathogen during the shelf-life of product. All analyzed cheeses were compliant with microbiological criteria during the shelf-life. In soft cheeses, lactic acid bacteria increased in the course of the shelf-life period (1.2-2.6 log increase), while in semi-hard and hard cheeses it decreased (1.6 and 5.2 log decrease, respectively). Soft cheeses support the growth of L. monocytogenes according to determined pH values (5.8-6.5), water activity (0.99-0.94), and NaCl content (0.3-1.2%). Challenge test showed that L. monocytogenes growth potential in selected soft cheese was 0.43 log10 cfu/g during 8 days at 4°C. Water activity in semi-hard and hard cheeses was a limiting factor for Listeria growth during the shelf-life. Soft, semi-hard and hard cheeses were microbiologically stable during their defined shelf-life. Good manufacturing and hygienic practices must be strictly followed in the production of soft cheeses as Listeria-supporting food and be focused on preventing (re)contamination.
Team dimension of relational competence of organisation – psychological perspective*
Authors: Kożusznik Barbara , Chrupała-Pniak Małgorzata , Sulimowska-Formowicz Monika
Published: December 2015

This article is a part of theoretical model for the research project titled “Relational competence as a determinant of effectiveness and efficiency of inter-organizational relations”. The authors deliberate upon team-level determinants of relational competence of organizations involved in inter-organizational cooperation in the light of classic and modern psychological theories and concepts. The aim of this article is to present authors’ own approach used in research on relational competence of organizations and based on multilevel analysis of influence regulation in teams (individual-, team- and organizational levels) together with motivation and work engagement. We search for correlations between psychological variables and relational competence and relation’s results. We assume that on individual- as well as on team-level preexist some features determining relation’s success, such as: open and effective collaboration, readiness to take responsibility for management, leadership division, autonomous motivation and work engagement.
Veiled Truth In Enduring Love And Atonement
Authors: Turcu Anca-Elisabeta
Published: December 2015

The article tries to demonstrate that Ian McEwan’s novels, Enduring Love and Atonement, are similarly concerned with the way in which fiction writing is more apt to veil “truth” than to unveil it, also to invite partial readings of “reality” than to offer wide-ranging perspectives on it.
Study of structural, morphological, optical and electroluminescent properties of undoped ZnO nanorods grown by a simple chemical precipitation
Authors: Singh A. , Vishwakarma H.L.
Published: December 2015

In this work, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were obtained by a simple chemical precipitation method in the presence of capping agent: polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) result indicates that the synthesized undoped ZnO nanorods have hexagonal wurtzite structure without any impurities. It has been observed that the growth direction of the prepared ZnO nanorods is [1 0 1]. XRD analysis revealed that the nanorods have the crystallite size of 49 nm. Crystallite size is calculated by Debye-Scherrer formula and lattice strain is calculated by Williomson-Hall equation. Cell volume, Lorentz factor, Lorentz polarization factor, bond length, texture coefficient, lattice constants and dislocation density have also been studied. We also compared the interplanar spacings and relative peak intensities with their standard values at different angles. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirmed the size and shape of these nanorods. It has been found that the diameter of the nanorods ranges from 1.52 μm to 1.61 μm and the length is about 4.89 μm. It has also been observed that at room temperature ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) absorption band is around 355 nm (blue shifted as compared to the bulk). The average particle size has also been calculated by mathematical model of effective mass approximation equation, using UV-Vis absorption peak. Finally, the bandgap has been calculated using UV-absorption peak. Electroluminescence (EL) studies show that emission of light is possible at very small threshold voltage and it increases rapidly with increasing applied voltage. It is seen that smaller ZnO nanoparticles give higher electroluminescence brightness starting at lower threshold voltage. The brightness is also affected by increasing the frequency of AC signal.
Crystal structure of (acetylacetonato-κ2
O:O′)bis-((1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one)-κ2
C,N)iridium(III), C33H27IrN2O6
Authors: Ren Yun-Lai , Wang Wen-Hui , Wang Bin-Yu , Wang Zhi-Qiang
Published: December 2015

C33H27lrN2O6, Triclinic, P-1, a = 7.4840(11) Å, b = 11.7312(17) Å, c = 17.438(2) Å, V = 1427.0(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0280, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0677, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of bis(2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetato-κ
2
O,O′)bis(pyridine-κ
N)nickel(II), C26H24N2NiO6
Authors: Zhao Cheng-Liang , Zhang Heng-Qiang , Jin Ying , Song You-Xin , Meng Xiang-Wei
Published: December 2015

C26H24N2NiO6, hexagonal, P6522 (no. 179), a = b = 11.0161(4) Å, c = 33.1459(8) Å, V = 3483.5(9) Å3, Z = 6, R
gt
(F) = 0.0376, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0879, T = 295 K.
Graphene oxide films, fibers, and membranes
Authors: Cruz-Silva Rodolfo , Endo Morinobu , Terrones Mauricio
Published: December 2015

Graphene oxide (GO) macroscopic films, fibers, and membranes have become important applications of this interesting two-dimensional material due to their specific properties and great potential as new high-performance materials. After chemical or thermal reduction, GO is transformed into an electrically conductive material termed reduced GO (RGO). These materials hold great potential because they can be prepared in large quantities at low costs, and consequently they are particularly suitable for applications in packaging, textiles, energy devices, and separation technologies. In the following years, the use of GO- and RGO-based films, fibers, and membranes is expected to grow; however, several challenges regarding its processing conditions must be resolved. In this review, we addressed some of the recent work regarding these important technologies and summarized the state of the art of GO films, fibers, and membranes.
Verstehen durch Empathie
Authors: Gebauer Gunter
Published: December 2015

Hermeneutics, as a core area of humanities, explores the requirements and processes which enable cultural understanding. Traditional hermeneutic theories systematically undervalue the role of the body in understanding. Instead of accepting understanding as a mental process, I want to show that there is immediate understanding with the body - an intuitive understanding which precedes understanding by linguistic means. If physical understanding is recognized linguistically, it can make a significant contribution to the cultural understanding of the self and the other. Empathy is an important function in the process of understanding. A model of linguistic understanding consolidated in physical processes is to be developed using new neurobiological work on empathetic processes
Gerahmte Ungewissheit
Authors: Rautzenberg Markus
Published: December 2015

Medientheorie und Medienwissenschaft beschäftigen sich mit den technischen und historischen Bedingungen von Wahrnehmung, Verstehen und Kommunikation. Der Unterschied zu den Geisteswissenschaften, deren Erbe sie angetreten haben, besteht dabei in der Verabschiedung des Primats des Geistes zugunsten der These von dessen Exteriorisierung in Techniken, Körpern und Praxeologien. Im digitalen Zeitalter erlauben Medien einen spielerisch- experimentellen Umgang mit Ungewissheit, der nicht nur unseren Alltag, sondern auch globale Finanzmärkte und wissenschaftliche Epistemologien beherrscht.
Die Sprache der Wissenschaft als ein Element der Kultur
Authors: Demjankov Valerij
Published: December 2015

Sciences originate within particular cultures, then they undergo the process of internationalization, developing towards future civilization, in which patterns of spiritual life manifest themselves as particular entities of cultural universals. Linguistically important concepts (such as “beauty”, “language” etc.) are emergent in their character: they can be reconstructed by the analysis of the representative corpora of texts. The methods of this analysis resemble those used in sociology.
Von der Pluralität der Wissenschaftssprachen und der Arbeit der Geisteswissenschaften
Authors: Hagner Michael
Published: December 2015

When science, regardless of the type, is dependent on language, it is essential that it repeatedly provides assurance in its language. Scientific languages do precisely this. From a scientific perspective, it is usually argued that English has truly proven itself as a universal language. However, no mention is made of the fact that English in these cases only means a communicative obligation, and not an epistemic obligation. For example, physicists are no longer able to portray physical thinking without the range of mathematical means at their disposal. In contrast, for humanists language embodies historical or philosophical thinking, and this means that it cannot be randomly substituted. On this basis I argue in favor of a multilingualism of the humanities, which is not restricted to a single lingua franca, but which is deemed suitable for the diversity of the means of perception and ways of thinking.
Telephone Calls Make a Difference in Home Balance Training Outcomes: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Light Kathye , Bishop Mark , Wright Tracy
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose:

To determine the benefit of a weekly telephone contact on balance control for community-dwelling frail older adults participating in home-exercise programs. Falls in frail older adults often lead to hospitalization and sometimes death. Evidence supports the effectiveness of home exercise programs in reducing fall risk in older adults. As well, there is a high cost for the delivery of a home exercise program in a traditional manner. Poor adherence to a home exercise program can limit the expected reduction in fall risk in the older adult population. We hypothesized that a weekly telephone call would improve adherence to a home-exercise program and, therefore, improve outcomes on the Berg Balance Test.

Methods:

Seventy-five community-dwelling, frail older adult participants, at risk for falling (mean age: 76 years, range: 64-88 years; 3 women), were randomized in alternating pairs to a Telephone Call or No Telephone Call group. All participants received physical therapy home-exercise programs focused on balance control and were assessed and progressed 4 times over 12 weeks. All participants used an exercise log in which they were asked to record the amount of time and the number of repetitions performed of all daily exercises. The Telephone Call group received an additional 15-minute weekly telephone call with standard questions and encouragement to discuss their program. The primary outcome measure was the Berg Balance Scale.

Results:

A total of 11 subjects dropped out of the study with 8 from the No Telephone Call group and 3 from the Telephone Call group. For both groups, a significant effect for time was noted, demonstrating that both groups improved significantly in balance control with the home exercise intervention. For the Berg Balance Scale, an interaction occurred whereby the Telephone Call group improved significantly more in balance control than the No Telephone Call group (Telephone Call group = 6.3 points; No Telephone Call group = 3.9 points).

Conclusions:

A home exercise program was beneficial to improve the balance of community-dwelling frail older adults. More importantly for health policy consideration, a simple, weekly, telephone call made a significant difference in how much balance improvement was made. Telephone calls are a cost-effective way to provide effective follow-up support for older adults participating in home exercise programs.