bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catalyst performance in hydrotreating coal-derived middle distillate
Authors: Fairbridge C , Kriz J F
Published: July 2017

Coal-derived middle distillate was hydrotreated in a fixed bed reactor with a Mt-No/AU/0i catalyst. Results indicated that severe processing conditions are required to reduce heteroatom content and hydrogenate aromatics to produce diesel fuel of acceptable cetane
number.
Experimental facilities and procedures for determining effects of fuel oil quality on burner performance
Authors: Lee S W
Published: July 2017

This paper gives a detailed description of the experimental facilities and procedures developed for a combustion program on middle distillate fuel quality. Oils from various feedstocks and with wide range of properties were evaluated to help establish a quality/
performance index system. Special emphasis was given to the design and arrangement of the equipment to ensure that test conditions simulated those of a residential environment. The experimental rig included a domestic warm air oil furnace, fuel temperature controlling equipment, a special cold air
return system, continuous emission analyzers, particulate measurement devices, and data acquisition and processing units. Combustion procedures were carefully planned to provide meaningful data when comparing different fuels with respect to burner ignition behaviour, particulate emissions,
concentrations of flue gas components, furnace efficiency, excess air, and heat transfer. This study was recommended ,by the Canadian General Standards Board 'Committee on Petroleum' and 'Subcommittee on Middle Distillate Fuels'.
HPLC separation and GC characterization of polynuclear aromatiç fractions of bitumen, heavy oils and their synthetic crude products
Authors: Coulombe S , Sawatzky H
Published: July 2017

Characterization of bitumen, heavy oils, crude oil distillation residues and their processed products involves separation of the mixtures into several compound classes according to their molecular structure. However, these fractions are still very complex and
often need further separation in order to get a better insight into their composition as well as the processing reactions involved in their upgrading. In this paper, the polynuclear aromatic fraction is divided into three subfractions by high performance liquid chromatography. Gas chromatography is
then used to quantify these fractions and to determine their average molecular weight by a new method derived from simulated distillation. Crude oil distillation residues and their hydrocracked products are used to demonstrate this method.
Microstructural characteristics of AFBC limestone sorbent particles
Authors: Kalmanovitch D P , Razbin V V , Anhthony E J , Desai D L , Friedrich F
D
Published: July 2017

The limestone bed material from two trials at Canada's first industrial scale atmospheric fluidized bed combustor (AFBC) has been studied by electron microscopy. The material was investigated with respect to previously described models of FBC sorbent reaction. In
the sorbent particles the calcium sulphate shell could easily be discerned and the observations confirm the general model of sulphation in FBC systems. However there were two features which may have an effect on the total sulphation capacity of a sorbent. A large number of bed particles were covered
by an ash-rich skin about 5-10 pM in thickness. Evidence is presented which indicates that the skin was formed by reaction between ash components and the calcium sulphate. The second feature was the evidence of a reaction between the quartz impurity in the sorbent and the lime prior to sulphation.
Pyrite was also observed in the limestone but did not appear to affect the sulphation process.
Oxidative regeneration of hydrotreating catalysts
Authors: Yoshimura Y , Furimsky E
Published: July 2017

Oxidic and sulphided cobalt-molybdate catalysts used for hydrodeoxygenation of a phenol solution were regenerated by oxidative burnoff performed in a thermogravimetric analysis reactor and in a fixed bed reactor. For the sulphided catalyst, at 250°C the
removal of sulphur and carbon reached about 80% and 20%, respectively. For both catalysts a complete removal of carbon requires a burnoff temperature of about 500°C. Rate constants of burnoff of the sulphided catalyst estimated in the chemically controlled region were markedly higher
than those for the oxidic catalyst indicating a higher reactivity of coke formed on the surface of the former. Activation energies for the oxidic catalyst were higher than those for the sulphided catalyst. Some experimental problems were identified when determining kinetic parameter of the sulphided
catalyst.
A review of surface spectroscopic techniques and their application to hydrodesulphurization (HDS) catalyst research al CANMET's energy research laboratories
Authors: Brown J R
Published: July 2017

A brief overview of the theory of the four most popular surface chemical analysis techniques is presented. These techniques include X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) also referred to as electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA); auger electron
spectroscopy (AES), which includes scanning auger microsocopy (SAM); secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), which includes ion microprobe mass spectroscopy (IMP); and ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS). Knowledge of the solid surface is essential for producing optimized heterogeneous refinery
catalysts and for understanding the catalyst mechanism leading to improved catalyst performance at the most economical operating condition (hydrocarbon selectivity, yields and catalyst resistance to poisoning, fouling, etc.) A discussion of the qualitative and quantitative nature of these surface
analytical techniques is followed by the results of two Co, Mo-alumina catalyst studies completed in the Catalysis Research Section at ERL/CANMET, Ottawa. The first study was a surface chemical examination (XPS, AES, SAM) of a commercial hydrodesulphurization (HDS) catalyst after sulphidation. The
other project involves the manufacture of a novel thin-film HDS catalyst followed by reduction, sulphidation and exposure to thiophene. XPS and AES techniques are used to monitor chemical changes at the catalyst surface while changes in the product gas compositions is measured by gas
chromatography.
Adsorption of nitrogenoustype compounds from synthetic crude fractions on various sorbents
Authors: Chantal P D , Ahmed S M , Jean G , Sawatzky H
Published: July 2017

The selective adsorption of nitrogenous components from synthetic crude can lead to significant benefits since it will reduce the severity of upgrading treatment dictated by those components. Recent studies have shown that zeolites can selectively adsorb
nitrogenous compounds. This paper compares the adsorption capacity of nitrogenous model compounds on different sorbents some of which can be used in analytical separation and some as catalysts or catalyst supports. The basicity of the compounds and the nature of the sorbent influence the adsorption
capacity. Based on these data methods for treating synthetic crude naphthas can be developed.
A rapid method for monitoring the hydrodeoxygenation of coal-derived naphtha
Authors: Farnand B A , Coulombe S , Smiley G T , Fairbridge C
Published: July 2017

A routine method for determining the phenolic components in synthetic crude naphthas has been developed. The total phenolic oxygen content can be rapidly calculated and for coal-derived liquids, this compares favourably with neutron activation analysis. A polar
polyethylene glycol capillary column allows the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in synthetic crude naphtha.
A novel laboratory method to study displacement from packed beds of oil sand
Authors: Margeson J L , Hornof V , Neale G H , Faurschou D K
Published: July 2017

A rapid, inexpensive method has been developed to model the recovery of bitumen from packed beds of oil sand. Excluding the reconstitution and analysis stages, a displacement experiment can be performed in about three hours. Oil sand batches are reconstituted by
mixing predetermined amounts of sand, water and bitumen, thus introducing the ability to control each component of a sample. Dilution of the bitumen with hexadecane permits experiments at low temperatures while maintaining an oilwater viscosity ratio comparable to that at high temperatures. It has
been observed that the displacement efficiency depends on the oil sand pack density and on the nature of the displacing liquid, i.e. caustic or distilled water. The initial water saturation influences displacement by water, but has little or no effect on caustic displacement. The model shows promise
as a tool to investigate the effect of chemical species in oil sand on the displacement operation, thereby assisting in better defining the mechanisms of the recovery process.
Reverse osmosis fractionation of etherification reactor product streams during production of octane boosting gasoline additives
Authors: Farnand B , Sawatzky H
Published: July 2017

The fractionation by distillation of etherification reactor product is complicated by azeotrope formation of both hydrocarbons and ethers with unreacted methanol. The removal of methanol is required for several reasons. For reactor products containing tert-butyl
methyl ether(MTBE) and tert-amyl methyl ether(TAME), reverse osmosis can fractionate methanol from the product. The methanol can be preferentially permeated through the membrane as for cellulose esters, or can be selectively rejected from the membrane surface as for non-polar membranes. The
technical feasibility of a continuous membrane separation process was assessed based upon bench scale results.
Catalysts supported on hydrous titanates for hydroprocessing mixtures of heavy oil and coal
Authors: Monnier J , Dénès G , Potter J , Kriz J
F
Published: July 2017

Hydroprocessing catalysts were prepared by ion exchange of a sodium hydrous titanate support with aqueous solutions of transition metals (Ni, Co, Mo, Zn) or main group elements (Sn, Al). These catalysts were tested in an autoclave system with a constant flow of
hydrogen for the hydrocracking of mixtures of one part subbituminous coal and two parts residual oil from vacuum distillation of an Alberta heavy oil. The operating pressure and temperature were chosen so that the hydrocracking reactions occurred at the threshold of coking. Catalysts were compared
on the basis of yields of oil, asphaltenes and preasphaltenes, conversion of THF-insolubles, and sulphur content in the hydrocarbon distillates collected from exiting gases. The presence of semicoke was determined by petrographic analysis of samples of THF-insolubles. Môssbauer spectroscopy
provided information on the chemical changes occurring to the tin active sites during reaction, and X-ray powder diffraction, on the nature of the crystalline phases present in these catalysts and on their average particle dimension. Experimental results indicate that some metal-exchanged hydrous
titanates can help produce more pentane-soluble oil and less gas than commercial hydrotreating catalysts.
Catalytic cracking of hydrotreated conventional and synthetic feedstocks
Authors: Ng S H , Curts L E , Dymock K R
Published: July 2017

Five gas oils from conventional and synthetic crudes were hydrotreated over sulphided Ni/Mo and Ni/W catalysts at 343°C (650°F), pressures ranging from 2.76 to 13.78 MPa (400 to 2000 psi) and LHSV of 1 or 2 h-1 . The treated products were then
catalytically cracked in a microactivity test (MAT) unit to estimate FCC yields. The results indicated that the gasoline yields could be increased by as much as 20-38% depending on the feedstocks and the hydrogen consumptions during hydrotreatment. In general, coker gas oil from conventional
crude showed the best result followed by the virgin gas oils produced from conventional crude and heavy oil. The synthetic gas oils were more difficult to hydrotreat, consumed less hydrogen and thus produced less additional gasoline. Also, for all severely hydrotreated feeds, coke make was reduced
significantly (17 to 43%). Hydrotreatment with the Ni/Mo catalyst at 13.78 MPa, 2 LHSV and 343°C produced the best MAT feeds which gave highest gasoline yield and lowest coke make. As well, the elimination of sulphur, nitrogen and Conradson carbon was the greatest at these
conditions.
Calcium sulphide formation in solid wastes from circulating fluidized bed combustors
Authors: Anthony E J , Stephenson J R , de Iribarne A P
Published: July 2017

High concentrations of CaS <6% in solid residues from a sub-scale circulating fluidized bed combustor (CFBC) operated by the New Brunswick Research and Productivity Council (RPC) have suggested that fluidized bed residues may be more hazardous than
previously thought. To provide a better information base, residues were analyzed for CaS from a variety of bubbling and circulating bed combustors. Results from bubbling beds burning high sulphur fuels in the presence of limestone showed only minor concentrations of CaS (0.2%). Results from
several other CFBC's indicated lower concentrations of CaS (<1%) than seen initially in the RPC rig and that lower concentrations were produced in larger rigs. It is concluded that CaS can be generated either in the lower section of a circulating bed or in the hot cyclone and return
leg under reducing conditions, but that the high levels found in the RPC unit are probably atypical. Experimental evidence seems to suggest that residues from commercial CFBC's are likely to contain CaS levels comparable to those found in bubbling bed units.
Oil removal from oilfield produced water by cross flow ultrafiltration
Authors: Farnand B A , Krug T A
Published: July 2017

The technical and economic viability has been determined for cross flow ultrafiltration of oilfield produced water with the goal of producing oil-free water for steam generation. Experiments with produced water supplied from various oil producing sites of Western
Canada have been performed with successful permeation rates and permeate quality. The resistance to membrane fouling and other factors that decrease permeation rate have been determined in long term experiments. These results have been used to prepare a cost survey of the cross flow ultrafiltration
process, and this has been compared to conventional treatment. The results indicate the level of performance that must be maintained in the ultrafiltration process to be economically advantageous.
Modeling erythemal ultraviolet diffuse fraction
Authors: Sanchez Hernandez Guadalupe , Serrano Antonio , Cancillo Maria Luisa
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Although being extremely interesting, the diffuse component of the erythemal ultraviolet irradiance (UVER) is scarcely measured at standard radiometric stations and, therefore, needs to be estimated. This study proposes and compares ten empirical models to estimate the UVER diffuse fraction. These models are inspired on mathematical expressions originally used to estimate total diffuse fraction, but, in this study, they are applied to the UVER case and tested against experimental measurements. In addition to adapting to the UVER range the various independent variables involved in these models, the total ozone column has been added in order to account for its strong impact on the attenuation of ultraviolet radiation. The proposed models are fitted to experimental measurements and validated against an independent subset. Six models perform notably well, with the best performing model RAU3 showing values of r2 equal to 0.91 and rRMSE equal to 6.1 %. The performance achieved by this model is better than those obtained by previous semi-empirical approaches, with the advantage of being entirely empirical and, therefore, needing no additional information from physically-based models. This study expands previous research to the ultraviolet range, and provides reliable empirical models to accurately estimate the UVER diffuse fraction.
Regional soil moisture monitoring network in the Raam catchment in the Netherlands
Authors: Benninga Harm-Jan F. , Carranza Coleen D. U. , Pezij Michiel , van Santen Pim , van der Ploeg Martine J. , Augustijn Denie C. M. , van der Velde Rogier
Published: July 2017

Abstract. We have established a soil moisture profile monitoring network in the 223 km2 Raam Catchment, a tributary of the Meuse River in the Netherlands. This catchment faces water shortage during summers and excess of water during winters and after extreme precipitation events. Water management can benefit from reliable information on the soil water availability in the unsaturated zone. In situ measurements provide a direct source of information on which water managers can base their decisions. Moreover, these measurements are commonly used as a reference for calibration and validation of soil moisture products derived from earth observations or obtained by model simulations. Distributed over the Raam Catchment, we have equipped 14 agricultural fields and one natural grass field with soil moisture and soil temperature monitoring instrumentation, consisting of Decagon 5TM sensors installed at depths of 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm and 80 cm. Soil-specific calibration functions that have been developed for the 5TM sensors under laboratory conditions lead to an accuracy of 0.02 m3 m−3. The first set of measurements has been retrieved for the period 5 April 2016–4 April 2017. In this paper, we describe the Raam monitoring network and instrumentation, the soil-specific calibration of the sensors, the first year of measurements, and additional measurements (soil temperature, phreatic groundwater levels and meteorological data) and information (elevation, soil texture, land cover, and geohydrological model) available for performing scientific research. The data is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.4121/uuid:2411bbb8-2161-4f31-985f-7b65b8448bc9.
Prediction of rainfall induced landslide movements by artificial neural networks
Authors: Logar Janko , Turk Goran , Marsden Peter , Ambrožič Tomaž
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Many slow to moderate landslides are monitored in order to react on time and prevent loss of lives and reduce material damage. In most of such cases there are very limited data on the geometry, hydrogeological and material properties of the landslide. The aim of the paper is to test the ability of artificial neural networks (ANN) to make reliable short term predictions of rainfall induced landslide movements based on normally available data: rainfall and measured displacements. The back propagation artificial neural network was trained and tested for two sliding phenomena, which are very different in nature. One is moderately moving earthflow and the other very slow landslide, with maximum rate of movements 600 mm/day and 0.094 mm/day, respectively. The results show that in both cases a trained ANN can predict landslide movements with sufficient reliability and can therefore be used together with weather forecast to assist authorities when faced with difficult decisions, such as evacuation. The accuracy of the ANN prediction of movements depends on the type and architecture of ANN as well as on the organisation of the input data used for training, as it is shown by case histories.
Influence of the addition of post-extraction rapeseed meal on the sensoric quality of poultry meat
Authors: Šulcerová Hana , Jarošová Alžbeta
Published: July 2017

Complete feed mixtures, very often enriched by the  addition of various probiotic preparations, oils, extract, essential oils, mouldings, pollards etc., that are often added as a replacement for animal meals, antibiotic preparations, coccidiostats respectively, are used for feeding of chickens. In addition to the positive effects of these supplements, the final quality of meat may be adversely affected by the accumulation of certain components. The aim of the work was to monitor the influence of adding post -extraction rapeseed meal (PRM) to a broiler feed mixture on the sensory quality of breast and thigh muscle. The experience includes two hybrid combinations of broilers, ROSS 308 and COBB 500. Samples of breast and thigh muscle of broilers fed by a feed mixture with the addition of 10% post -extraction rapeseed meal were compared, using sensory analysis, with a control sample where the broilers were fed by a standard feed mixture without the addition of PRM. It has been found that the addition of post -extraction rapeseed meal to the broilers' feed mixture had a positive effect (p <0.05) on the sensory quality of hybrid ROSS 308, both on the breast and thigh muscle. For COBB 500 hybrid, the quality of both breath and thigh muscle has not been shown to be significantly affected. The addition of 10% PRM affected positively especially the texture properties of ROSS 308, hybrid breast muscle, whereas they were deteriorated in COBB 500.  In sensory evaluation, by adding 10% of PRM to the feed mixture, thigh muscle was affected less than breath muscle. Adding 10% PRM to the feed has almost no effect on descriptors of the intensity and pleasantness of smell and the intensity and pleasantness of taste, both in the negative and positive sense, both in breath and thigh muscle.  The evaluation of the overall quality of both breath and thigh muscle has turned out more positive for ROSS 308 hybrid, although only slightly. The addition of rapeseed extracted meal to feed hybrids ROSS COBB 308 and 500 had no significant effect on the sensory quality of breast and thigh muscle.
Welfare of the mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) breeding with regard to nutrition value and food safety
Authors: Adámková Anna , Adámek Martin , Mlček Jiří­ , Borkovcová Marie , Bednářová Martina , Kouřimská Lenka , Skácel Josef , Ví­tová Eva
Published: July 2017

Livestock welfare is an important condition for obtaining high-quality and safe food. According to the legislation edible insects are classified as livestock; and for this reason it is necessary to comply with the edible insect welfare conditions. This article focuses on selected welfare conditions for mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) breeding, with special focus on the fat content influenced by different breeding temperature (17 °C, 23 °C and 28 °C). Maximum fat content 24.56% was observed at 23 °C. To obtain maximum fat content this appears to be the optimal breeding temperature. Another evaluated aspect was the nutritional stress and a way of killing, and their impact on fat content, which showed to decrease with the nutrient stress. The most decline was detected towards the end of the observation period. The analysis showed that in terms of preservation of the fat content, the best way is killing by freezing, due to the metabolism slowdown. We also analysed the content of heavy metals in a mealworm larvae using cyclic voltammetry with subsequent evaluation. In the measured sample concentrations of heavy metals did not exceed the maximum allowable concentration of heavy metals in this commodity. From this point of view mealworm appears to be a safe food.
Comparative Study of Honey Consumption in Slovakia and Russia
Authors: Guziy Snezhanna , Šedí­k Peter , Horská Elena
Published: July 2017

The current situation on the food market is influenced by various diet trends including eating healthy products. The honey consumption has an increasing tendency because more and more consumers consider honey as a healthy alternative to a refined sugar. The aim of this research paper was to identify consumption patterns regarding honey in terms of annual consumption, its frequency, volume of honey per purchase, consumption structure by family members and factors affecting consumers at honey purchase. The primary data was obtained from a questionnaire survey, which was conducted in Slovakia on the sample of 316 respondents as well as in Russia on the sample of 309 respondents. For a deeper analyses several assumptions were formulated where dependencies between demographic factors (age, education and income,) and annual consumption by using Chi-Square Test of Independence and Cramer´V coefficient, as well as, differences in factors affecting consumers at honey purchase by using Friedman test have been statistically tested. Based on the results it was found out that, the majority of Slovak consumers make honey reserves and prefer to buy 1 kg per purchase while the majority of Russian consumers purchase honey if necessary and prefer to buy 0.5 or 2 - 5 kg per purchase. Honey is generally consumed by all family members in both countries. The mostimportant factors for Slovak consumers was the country of origin (2.59) followed by taste (3.51), type (3.97) and price (4.18), while the least important factors were the size of packaging (6.70) and the design of packaging (6.80). For Russian consumers the most important factors werethe type (2.97), design of packaging (3.13), price (3.28) and taste (3.61) while the least important factors were the size of packaging (6.98), brand (6.50) and the country of origin (6.50). The majority of consumers in both countries consume from 2 to 5 kg annually and the only significant dependence was confirmed in case of respondents´ age. The annual consumption of young generation is lower in comparison to older generations.
Co-administration of amygdalin and deoxynivalenol disrupted regulatory proteins linked to proliferation of porcine ovarian cells in vitro
Authors: Halenár Marek , Medveďová Marí­na , Baldovská Simona , Michalcová Katarí­na , Kolesárová Adriana
Published: July 2017

Deoxynivalenol (DON) represents one of the most prevalent trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, causing economic and health impacts. On the other hand, amygdalin has been demonstrated to possess both prophylactic and curative properties, thus it has been used as a traditional drug because of its wide range of medicinal benefits, including curing or preventing cancer, relieving fever, suppressing cough, and quenching thirst. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate potential effects of natural product amygdalin combined with mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) on the key regulators of cell proliferation and apoptosis in porcine ovarian granulosa cells. Ovarian granulosa cells were incubated for 24h with amygdalin (1, 10, 100, 1000, 10 000 μg.mL-1) combined with deoxynivalenol (1 μg.mL-1), while the control group remained untreated. The presence of proliferative (cyclin B1, PCNA) and apoptotic markers (caspase-3) in porcine ovarian granulosa cells after amygdalin treatment (1, 10, 100, 1000, 10 000 μg.mL-1) combined with deoxynivalneol (1 μg.mL-1) was detected by immunocytochemistry. The presence of proliferative (cyclin B1, PCNA) and apoptotic markers (caspase-3) in porcine ovarian granulosa cells was detected by immunocytochemistry. Co-administration of amygdalin plus DON significantly (p <0.05) increased the number of granulosa cells containing cyclin B1 and PCNA at all tested concetrations, when compared to control. However, percentage of granulosa cells containing major apoptotic marker caspase-3 did not differ after co-administration of amygdalin and DON. In summary, results form this in vitro study indicate that co-exposure of amygdalin and deoxynivalenol  may act to stimulate proliferation-associated peptides in porcine ovarian granulosa cells, and thus alter cell proliferation and normal follicular development.
Methylxanthines and catechines in different teas (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) - influence on antioxidant properties
Authors: Árvay Július , Hauptvogl Martin , Ivanišová Eva , Tirdiľová Ivana , Hrstková Miroslava , Bajčan Daniel , Lazor Peter
Published: July 2017

In general, there are four basic types of tea: green (not fermented), black (fermented), oolong and white tea (partially fermented). The differences among these types are in the processing technology, which is largely reflected in their chemical composition. The most influential factor that significantly affects the quality and quantity of substances (biologically active) is the processing temperature, which causes changes in the composition (isomerization and/or transformation). The present paper focuses on monitoring content of three methylxanthines - alkaloids (caffeine, theophylline and theobromine), and seven flavan-3-ols - catechins ((+)-catechin (C), (-)-catechin-3-gallate (C-3-G), (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (EC-3-G), (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGC-3-G), (-)-gallocatechin (GC) and (-)-gallocatechin-3-gallate (GC 3-G)), which are characteristic for tea. Attention was also given to the assessment of selected antioxidant parameters using spectrophotometric procedures (ABTS - radical cation decolorization assay and Phosphomolybdenum reducing antioxidant power assay) in relation to the determined substances using RP-HPLC/DAD analysis. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that a type of tea clearly affects the quality and quantity of the substances that have a positive impact on the consumer's health, significantly reflected in the levels of antioxidant active substances determined by the spectrophotometric procedures. The highest content of methylxanthin, catechins, polyphenols and antioxidant substances was recorded in the green tea sample GT3. The highest content of flavonoids and phenolic acids was recorded in the Pu-erh tea sample PT 5.
Effect of grape seed extract on quality of raw-cooked meat products
Authors: Bobko Marek , Haščí­k Peter , Kročko Miroslav , Trembecká Lenka , Mendelova Andrea , Tkáčová Jana , Czako Peter , Tóth Tomáš
Published: July 2017

In the present study we aimed to evaluate the oxidative stability of Spiš frankfurters after application of grape seeds extracts (Blauburger + Cabernet Sauvignon and Danube) in amount of 10 mL.kg-1 during 12 days of their storage at 4 °C. Sensory evaluation of Spiš frankfurters was carried out after 4 days of storage by 6-point ranking system (Surface appearance and color, appearance and color when cut, texture, aroma and flavor). It was found that sensory quality of Spiš frankfurters was not significantly (p >0.05) affected by application of grape seed extracts. Oxidation stability of Spiš frankfurters after 12 days of storage at 4 °C was positively influenced (p ≤0.05) only in the group with addition of extract made from grape seed Blauburger +Cabernet Sauvignon. This may probably related with the higher antioxidant activity of extract of this variety (100.5%) compared to an extract made from grape seed variety of Danube (55.8%). Also, it was not found significant differences (p >0.05) of antioxidant activity between extract made from grape seeds variety Danube compared with the control group.
The Great War and Modern Amnesia: Studying Pennsylvania's Great War, Part 1
Authors: Gannon Barbara A.
Published: July 2017

This article is an introduction to this journal's special two-part edition on Pennsylvania in World War I. At the centennial of the Great War in Pennsylvania it is uncertain how much residents of the Keystone State remember about World War I. World War II, fought by the greatest generation, overshadowed their fathers' war. In order to remind Pennsylvanians about this critical period in the state's history, this edition, Part 1 of a two-part series, highlights important historical issues, including religious history, military history, and the history of criminology. The goal of these editions is to commemorate the service, suffering, and sacrifices of Pennsylvanians—men and women, black and white, at home and overseas—at the centennial of the war that was supposed to end all wars.
The Pennsylvania Military Museum's Six-Ton M1917: A Unique Example of America's First Modern Tank
Authors: Siggins Michael , Dabney Karen
Published: July 2017

This article examines the history and significance of the World War I-era American six-ton M1917 Tank through the one-of-a-kind example of this rare artifact owned by the Pennsylvania Military Museum in Boalsburg, Pennsylvania.
Conflitos em áreas de preservação permanente na bacia hidrográfica do rio Pitimbu-RN: proposta de um indicador institucional sustentável
Authors: Melo de Oliveira Vinicius Meressiev , Martins Menezes Reis Leci
Published: July 2017

O objetivo desse estudo foi definir um indicador institucional sustentável, denominado de taxa de conflito em APP, mediante a correlação de conflitos entre as áreas de preservação permanente e de cobertura do solo, na bacia hidrográfica do Pitimbu-RN, no período de 2000 e 2015. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de utilização de um sistema de informação geográfica (SIG). Primeiramente, os limites da bacia, assim como a sua rede de drenagem e reservatórios d’água, foram devidamente delimitados. Com esse procedimento realizado, foram geradas as áreas de APP de acordo com a legislação vigente. A partir de técnicas de processamento digital de imagem, produto de sensoriamento remoto orbital, as classes de uso do solo foram delimitadas. Dessa forma, foi realizado o cruzamento entre as áreas de APP e as classes de uso do solo para cada ano pesquisado, permitindo a identificação das áreas de conflito. Como resultado destacar-se que no ano de 2000, houve um conflito potencialmente crítico de 35,4%, e no ano de 2015 foi constatado uma piora, com conflito crítico de 42,52%. Desse modo, a partir dos resultados apresentados, conclui-se que as áreas de APP da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Pitimbu-RN, no período pesquisado, se encontram em constante processo de degradação. Vale destacar também que, a partir da metodologia utilizada, a proposta do indicador mencionado é viável, e deve ser integrada a outros indicadores de diversas dimensões, ambiental, social e econômica, para se avaliar a sustentabilidade da bacia hidrográfica do Pitimbu-RN.
Envolvimento ambiental, caminho sustentável e a defesa da sociobiodiversidade na reserva extrativista do extremo norte do Tocantins
Authors: Vieira Fábio Pessoa , Souza Lucas Barbosa
Published: July 2017

O artigo visa apresentar outra possibilidade de sustentabilidade. Possibilidade distante de uma ideia de desenvolvimento sustentável disciplinada por uma racionalidade econômica. Para tanto, apresentaremos o caminho sustentável, constituído a partir do envolvimento ambiental das quebradeiras de coco, da Reserva Extrativista do Extremo Norte do Tocantins, com o seu território. O pós-colonialismo e a fenomenologia alicerçam teoricamente e epistemicamente as tramas para o caminho sustentável. A fenomenologia é também o método para a consecução da pesquisa, com foco em suas compreensões humanistas, além da técnica da pesquisa-ação existencial. Como resultados, compreendemos a sustentabilidade reconfigurando-se e sendo produzida em um diálogo com outros saberes, rompendo com o pensamento produzido pela sociedade moderno-colonial que impõe uma única maneira de ser sustentável, desprezando as experiências vividas e o os diversos saberes. Por fim, acreditamos que a relação, a partir do envolvimento ambiental, que as quebradeiras de coco da Reserva Extrativista do Extremo Norte do Tocantins possuem com o seu território propicia uma real conservação da sociobiodiversidade.
The Convergence of Calderón Reproducing Formulae of Two Parameters in $L^p$, in $\mathscr S$ and in $\mathscr S'$
Authors: Huang Jiang-Wei , Wang Kunchuan
Published: July 2017

The Calderón reproducing formula is the most important in the study of harmonic analysis, which has the same property as the one of approximate identity in many special function spaces. In this note, we use the idea of separation variables and atomic decomposition to extend single parameter to two-parameters and discuss the convergence of Calderón reproducing formulae of two-parameters in $L^p(\mathbb R^{n_1} \times \mathbb R^{n_2})$, in $\mathscr S(\mathbb R^{n_1} \times \mathbb R^{n_2})$ and in $\mathscr S'(\mathbb R^{n_1} \times \mathbb R^{n_2})$.
Identification of Microorganisms by Modern Analytical Techniques
Authors: Buszewski Bogusław , Rogowska Agnieszka , Pomastowski Paweł , Złoch Michał , Railean-Plugaru Viorica
Published: July 2017

Rapid detection and identification of microorganisms is a challenging and important aspect in a wide range of fields, from medical to industrial, affecting human lives. Unfortunately, classical methods of microorganism identification are based on time-consuming and labor-intensive approaches. Screening techniques require the rapid and cheap grouping of bacterial isolates; however, modern bioanalytics demand comprehensive bacterial studies at a molecular level. Modern approaches for the rapid identification of bacteria use molecular techniques, such as 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing based on polymerase chain reaction or electromigration, especially capillary zone electrophoresis and capillary isoelectric focusing. However, there are still several challenges with the analysis of microbial complexes using electromigration technology, such as uncontrolled aggregation and/or adhesion to the capillary surface. Thus, an approach using capillary electrophoresis of microbial aggregates with UV and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight MS detection is presented.
Mål, motivation og fokus i undervisningen – med e-portfolio
Authors: Kjærbæk Laila , Christensen Inger-Marie Falgren
Published: July 2017

Denne artikel undersøger, hvordan e-portfolio kan bruges til at skabe mål, motivation og fokus i undervisningen på en videregående uddannelse på baggrund af evaluering af et e-portfolioforløb. Antagelsen er, at netop det, at de studerende har et mål med undervisningen, hjælper dem til at bevare det nødvendige fokus undervisningsforløbet igennem, og motiverer dem i deres arbejde – hvilket antages i sidste ende at øge deres læringsudbytte.
Resultaterne af undersøgelsen indikerer, at en e-portfolio kan fungere som den røde tråd i undervisningsforløbet, hvor den kan være med til at skabe det nødvendige overblik over fagets forskellige elementer og tydeliggøre sammen-hængen mellem dem. Dette ses som en stærkt motiverende faktor for de studerende, ligesom det virker motiverende for dem, at de kan følge med i medstuderendes arbejde, give/modtage feedback og lade sig inspirere af dette. Resultaterne viser endvidere, at grundig vejledning ift. anvendelse af portfolioværktøjet samt tydelige retningslinjer og krav til arbejdet med portfolioen er nødvendige for et vellykket forløb.
Vilkår og muligheder i det sociale web (video)
Authors: Heilesen Simon B.
Published: July 2017

Afspil video (linket åbner i et nyt vindue)Oplæg på Forskningsnet konference 2007
Go online – om effektiv, undervisercentreret udvikling af e-læring ved Aarhus Universitet
Authors: Godsk Mikkel
Published: July 2017

Universiteter udvikler i stigende grad e-læring i form af webbaserede kurser. Hen-sigten er bl.a. at højne kvaliteten af undervisningen samt udbyde fleksible uddan-nelser til nye målgrupper. Det er imidlertid ikke oplagt, hvorledes udviklingen skal tilrettelægges for at være ressourcemæssig effektiv, og ofte er udbuddet af e-læringsservices tilrettelagt som mindre ad hoc- og on demand-løsninger efter undervisernes ønsker. Denne tilgang er imidlertid ganske ressourcekrævende og gør det vanskeligt at imødekomme den voksende efterspørgsel på e-læring. E-læringsenheden, med støtte fra Videnskabsministeriet, lancerede derfor i 2008 projektet "go online" med det formål at udvikle og systematisere Aarhus Universi-tets e-læringsudbud. Den overordnede tanke med projektet var at vende udvik-lingen af e-læring på hovedet og således tilrettelægge e-læringsservices som en samlet og systematiseret transformeringspakke efter undervisernes behov i forhold til deres aktuelle kurser.Artiklen præsenterer idéen med projektet, det konkrete indhold af transforme-ringspakken, samt erfaringerne fra pilotforløbet i 2009. Erfaringerne og evalue-ringen fra pilotforløbet viser, at e-læring udbudt som en samlet og systematiseret transformeringspakke kan give både gode undervisningsresultater og være res-sourcemæssig effektiv - og således også gøre det muligt at udvikle e-læring i for-holdsvis stor målestok med begrænsede midler
Studerendes e-læringsstrategier i pædagoguddannelsen
Authors: Austring Bennyé D. , Gaarskjær Dorit , Bille Thomas
Published: July 2017

Artiklen tager sit afsæt i en evaluering af en delvist netbaseret pædagoguddannelse ved UC Sjælland. Bennyé D. Austring, Dorit Gaarskjær og Thomas Bille peger blandt andet på problemer og muligheder ved selvstyret læring, som de studerende oplever dem.  Artiklen giver således gode eksempler på, hvordan selvstyringen giver mulighed for fleksibilitet til at den enkelte kan tilrettelægge sit liv og studie, hvorimod selvstyringen også kan være frustrerende, fordi man som studerende ikke kan slippe for selv at have ansvar og styring.  Forfatterne viser med deres datamateriale ydermere, hvordan gruppesamarbejdet mellem studerende kan være givende og fastholdende, men også føre til konflikter mellem studerende, når den enkeltes bidrag til gruppens arbejde ikke lever op til andre gruppemedlemmers forventninger.  Sammenfattende skriver forfatterne, at den enkelte studerendes læringsstrategi er nært forbundet med deres individuelle, sociale og kontekstuelle læringsbetingelser.
Tema 2: Design-Based Research – introduktion til en forskningsmetode i udvikling af nye E-læringskoncepter og didaktisk design medieret af digitale teknologier
Authors: Christensen Ove , Gynther Karsten , Petersen Trine Brun
Published: July 2017

I denne artikel introduceres Design Based Research for første gang på dansk i et videnskabeligt tidsskrift. Artiklen præsenterer de grundlæggende antagelser, som ligger til grund for Design Based Research-traditionen, og artiklen diskuterer de principper, som ligger til grund for gennemførelse af et DBR-forskningsprojekt. Med udgangspunkt i forsknings- og udviklingsprojektet ELYK: E-læring, Yderområder og Klyngedannelse, præsenteres den innovationsmodel, som projektet har udviklet med udgangspunkt i Design Based Research traditionen. ELYKs DBR innovationsmodel har vist sig effektiv i forhold til projektfremdrift, brugerinvolvering og vidensgenerering, og den vil kunne inspirere andre med interesse i forskningsbaseret udvikling af didaktisk design, der er medieret af digitale teknologier.
Tema 1: Refitting existing simulations to meet with new learning objectives – from supply chain management to virtual collaboration
Authors: Leinema Timo , Henriksen Thomas Duus , Saarinen Eeli
Published: July 2017

This paper discusses the application possibilities of business simulation games in teaching. By application possibilities we mean the different ways of arranging the learning sessions using the one and same simulation game. Thus, we are not discussing what kind of games should be built for certain educational purposes, or how a game should be built to facilitate certain kind of learning experiences. Our assumption is that a certain game can be applied in different manners to produce very different kinds of learning experiences, serving very diverse learning goals. We are interested in how the learning potential of existing games can be expanded without making any changes in the actual game algorithms, but by rethinking the activities around the game. In this paper we discuss the shift from intra-team learning to inter-team learning, and especially further to learning which is based on dispersed inter-team collaboration in a virtual environment. We will demonstrate our message with one specific, existing business simulation game.
Mobil læring på danske universiteter
Authors: Christensen Inger-Marie , Godsk Mikkel
Published: July 2017

Tallene for 2012 taler for sig selv. Ca. 60 % af den voksne, danske befolkning ejer en smartphone og hele 75 % af de 15-34 årige (FDB Analyse, 2012). Andelen af befolkningen, der anvender en mobiltelefon til at gå på nettet er mere end fordoblet i løbet af 2 år (fra 23 % i 2010 til 55 % i 2012), ligesom de mobile aktiviteter har ændret sig mod en mere intensiv anvendelse af apps, sociale netværk, e-bøger og andre former for interaktive multimedier (Danmarks Statistik, 2012; Pew Internet, 2012; GSMA, 2011). 20 % af befolkningen ejer nu også en tablet-pc og denne andel er i kraftig vækst (FDB Analyse, 2012). Både på danske gymnasier og i universitetssammenhæng ser man ligeledes en stigende interesse for den mobile teknologi og dens anvendelse i undervisningen.Uddannelsesinstitutionerne ønsker bl.a. at tilbyde fleksibel adgang til undervisningsmaterialer samt at understøtte aktiv og studenter-centreret læring (Odder Gymnasium, 2012; Johnson et al., 2012; Johnson et al., 2013), og de studerende ønsker at gøre brug af de devices, der allerede er en naturlig del af deres andre gøremål og uformelle læringsaktiviteter (Uys, 2012; Johnson et al., 2013; GSMA, 2011)[1]. Alt dette giver helt nye udfordringer og muligheder for universitetsundervisningen, for selvom teknologien er flittigt brugt til fx underholdning, kommunikation og informationssøgning, er det ikke altid klart, hvorledes den bedst kan benyttes til undervisningsaktiviteter. Det er derfor med fornøjelse, at vi i dette nummer af LOM kan præsentere en samling af artikler med dugfriske erfaringer om brugen af mobil teknologi i undervisningen. Artiklerne beretter om gode erfaringer ved brug af mobile teknologier såvel som udfordringer og barrierer. Du kan finde konkrete eksempler på, hvordan teknologien er blevet anvendt til forskellige undervisningsaktiviteter så som forelæsninger, til vejledning, i forbindelse med eksamen og i laboratorieundervisning, ligesom flere af teknologiens undervisningsmæssige potentialer (såkaldte “affordances”, jf. Norman, 1988) bliver identificeret. Vi håber på, at dette nummer kan være med til at give et klarere billede af, hvad mobil læring er, og herunder også, hvad der kendetegner teknologien. [1] Denne form omtales også som “BYOD”-bevægelsen - “bring your own device”.
Om e-lærebøger på iPad
Authors: Hansen Jens Jørgen , Johnsen Lars
Published: July 2017

I denne artikel introduceres e-lærebøger til iPad, og mere specifikt iBooks. Artiklen beskriver e-lærebogens potentiale som (mobilt) digitalt læremiddel på videregåendeuddannelsesniveau og sammenligner den med andre former for indholdsbaserede læremidler, herunder materialer på cd-rom og web. Endvidere illustreres iBooks'anvendelsesmuligheder gennem et konkret tænkt eksempel inden for det humanistiske område.