bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lesão por pressão: aplicação de escala para prevenção em centro cirúrgico em hospital de ensino
Authors: Zacharo Daniely Alves , Jericó Marli de Carvalho , Ruiz Priscila Buck de Oliveira
Published: March 2021

Introdução: O posicionamento do paciente permite exposição do sítio cirúrgico, alinhamento corporal, diminui pressão sobre os tecidos e preserva as funções circulatórias. Objetivo: Identificar cirurgias conforme risco de desenvolvimento de lesão por pressão em centro cirúrgico de um hospital de ensino. Método: Trata-se de estudo exploratório, descritivo, cujos resultados foram analisados quantitativamente. A partir de dois instrumentos, um elaborado pela pesquisadora contendo dados demográficos, clínicos e cirúrgicos e classificação de lesão por pressão segundo National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel e Escala de Avaliação de Risco para o desenvolvimento de lesões decorrentes do posicionamento cirúrgico do paciente. Esses foram aplicados no pré-operatório aleatoriamente, pós-operatório imediato e os pacientes que permaneceram internados foram avaliados nos dois primeiros pós-operatórios tardios. Resultados: Foram realizadas 930 avaliações em 305 pacientes cirúrgicos de forma aleatória, com idade entre 18 e 60 anos, em cirurgias de pequeno porte a porte especial, e nenhum deles apresentou lesão de pele. Identificou-se que existem especialidades mais propensas ao desenvolvimento de lesão por pressão, como neurocirurgia, cardiologia e cirurgias do trato gastrointestinal. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se nos achados deste estudo que o monitoramento do indicador é imprescindível para diminuir ou até mesmo evitar o desenvolvimento de lesões de pele, contribuindo com a segurança ao paciente.
Percepção de enfermeiros sobre os cuidados aos potenciais doadores de órgãos
Authors: Fonseca Emily Oliveira Duarte , Fernandes Flávia Emí­lia Cavalcante Valença , Lira Gerlene Grudka , Marinho Christielle Lidianne Alencar , Moura Kércia Dantas Oliveira , Melo Rosana Alves de
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Compreender a percepção do cuidado de enfermagem aos potenciais doadores de órgãos e fatores influenciadores da efetivação da doação. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido em um Hospital Universitário com enfermeiros de terapia intensiva e emergência, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Utilizou a análise de conteúdo proposta por  Bardin. Resultados: Emergiram duas categorias. A categoria “Cuidando do potencial doador como um paciente  crítico” mostra uma assistência comum ao paciente crítico, com enfoque na manutenção hemodinâmica. A categoria “Dificuldades e facilidade na efetivação da doação de órgãos” revelou os desafios para a efetivação da doação. Conclusão: O cuidado ao potencial doador é o mesmo prestado aos pacientes críticos, realizado de forma compartilhada com a Organização de Procura de Órgãos e estimulado pela possibilidade de salvar outras vidas. As dificuldades para a efetivação da doação está atrelada à escassez de capacitação profissional.
Habilidade motora grossa em lactentes prematuros segundo a Alberta Infant Motor Scale
Authors: Dos Santos Jaí­nne Silva , Dutra Laisla Pires , Santana Jasmine Lima de , Leite Luana Silva , Filgueiras Ítylla Thaynã Cardoso , Rodrigues Taí­s Dutra , Viana Marcela dos Santos
Published: March 2021

A prematuridade é caracterizada pelo nascimento entre 22 e 37 semanas de gestação, podendo implicar em disfunções de diversos sistemas do organismo, dentre eles, o sistema neurológico, devido à imaturidade dos órgãos. Alterações no sistema neurológico comumente afetam o desenvolvimento motor da criança, que é determinado pela habilidade motora grossa. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a habilidade motora grossa em lactentes prematuros, segundo a Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, associado a um delineamento transversal, no qual aplicou-se dois instrumentos para coleta de dados de 122 lactentes que nasceram com idade gestacional entre 28 e 36 semanas, que são atendidos pelo Projeto de Extensão intitulado de “Acompanhamento do desenvolvimento motor de recém-nascidos de alto risco (Follow-up)”, realizado no Núcleo de Estudos de Fisioterapia de uma faculdade privada. Um instrumento estruturado com perguntas sobre características sociodemográficas da mãe, história obstétrica desta e perfil do recém-nascido, e outro, a escala validada AIMS, aplicada mensalmente, por quatro meses, para avaliar o desenvolvimento motor do lactente. Os resultados mostraram aumento gradual da presença de alterações do desenvolvimento motor dos lactentes com o passar dos meses.
Relação entre função motora e cognitiva na paralisia cerebral hemiplégica
Authors: Gusmão Cláudio Henrique Vieira , Soares Esther Gonçalves , Moreira Larissa Stephanie Maria , Batista Bruno Fernandes , Souto Deisiane Oliveira
Published: March 2021

Introdução: Crianças com paralisia cerebral hemiplégica (PCH) exibem dificuldades funcionais na utilização do membro superior hemiparético, repercutindo negativamente no desempenho em realizar atividades de vida diária. Atualmente, os déficits motores nessa população são acompanhados por distúrbios sensoriais, dificuldades na aprendizagem, alterações de comportamento e comunicação e défices cognitivos gerais. Objetivo: Investigar a possível associação entre os déficits motores e cognitivos de crianças com PCH, verificando ainda a influência da lateralidade da hemiplegia. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 30 crianças com PCH (idade média = 10,48 ± 2,46 anos). Os participantes foram submetidos aos seguintes testes: Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA), Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven, o Subteste cubos do Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children fourth Edition - WISC IV e a fluência verbal semântica de animais. Resultados: Os grupos foram homogêneos em relação ao sexo e idade (p > 0.05). Os grupos não diferiram em relação ao nível de desempenho motor, memória de trabalho, inteligência e fluência verbal (p > 0,05). O desempenho motor correlacionou com todas as variáveis cognitivas. Conclusão: Em crianças com PCH o desempenho motor correlacionou fortemente com funções cognitivas. Além disso, a lateralidade da lesão cerebral não influenciou o desempenho em tarefas motoras e cognitivas.
Enfermeiros e os cuidados paliativos em oncologia: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Costa Jheniffer Otilia , Santos Fernanda dos , Lohmann Paula Michele , Bernardes Caroline
Published: March 2021

Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa cujo objetivo é analisar artigos sobre a Preparação do enfermeiro frente a pacientes oncológicos em estado paliativo dos últimos cinco anos. O levantamento foi realizado nos bancos de dados LILACS e SciELO, no mês de agosto de 2019. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão selecionaram-se cinco artigos para análise na íntegra. Visto como resultados que a maioria das revistas utilizadas foram da enfermagem onde seus enfoques foram: cuidado paliativo na terapia intensiva, cuidado paliativo ao idoso, entendimento dos enfermeiros sobre cuidados paliativos, saber dos acadêmicos de enfermagem com relação aos cuidados paliativos e os sentimentos envolvidos na assistência. Constatou-se que se faz pertinente realizar pesquisas que abordem a preparação do enfermeiro frente a pacientes oncológicos em estado paliativo e a correlação entre técnica e suporte emocional.
A violência doméstica em tempos de isolamento social: Uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Oliveira Dandara Menezes de Araujo , Passos Isabella Pereira dos , Barreto Kamila Azoubel , Colares Viviane
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: realizar uma compilação de dados acerca do isolamento social relacionado a pandemia do COVID-19 como um fator de risco para o aumento da violência doméstica sofrida por crianças e adolescentes. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura através da busca ativa nas bases de dados BVS e Pubmed, além de consulta nas páginas online da OMS, UNESCO, UNICEF e Ministério da saúde. Como critérios de inclusão, foram selecionados artigos do ano de 2020, que relacionavam o isolamento social, COVID-19 e a violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes. Resultados: A pandemia do COVID-19 pode exacerbar ou desencadear diversas formas de violência, principalmente contra mulheres e crianças. São vários os motivos que levam a violência doméstica, entre eles estão: insegurança econômica e estresse relacionado à pobreza, quarentenas e isolamento social, disponibilidade reduzida de acesso aos serviços de saúde, além da dificuldade de assistência para os grupos de risco. Embora a violência doméstica tenha aumentado durante esse período de quarentena, as denúncias diminuíram, principalmente com relação às crianças e adolescentes, devido ao fechamento de escolas e a redução da rede de apoio formada por parentes e amigos da família. Conclusão: O isolamento social causado pela pandemia do COVID-19 se apresenta como um fator de risco para o aumento da violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes.
Comparação entre procedimentos de ensino de relatos de histórias e responder perguntas em crianças autistas
Authors: Matos Daniel Carvalho de , Araújo Creuziana Xavier de , Matos Pollianna Galvão Soares de
Published: March 2021

Recontar histórias e responder perguntas é importante para o desenvolvimento social e acadêmico. Em casos de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), a aprendizagem pode ser desafiadora. Pesquisas utilizaram histórias personalizadas com jogos de sequência lógica. Os materiais consistiam em figuras (cenas) e frases sobre elas. Este estudo foi realizado com duas crianças com TEA. Foram comparados dois procedimentos de ensino de recontar histórias (encadeamento normal e de trás para frente) após elas terem sido apresentadas para as crianças. Foram definidas duas histórias com quatro partes por criança. Durante o ensino, cada criança podia relatar cada parte de uma das histórias desde o princípio e, caso necessário, pistas visuais e verbais eram fornecidas (encadeamento normal). Com a outra história, em princípio, as três primeiras partes eram apresentadas para cada criança, mas a última podia ser relatada sem ajuda. Quando isso acontecesse, as pistas da penúltima parte também eram omitidas. Isso foi replicado com as outras partes até o relato da história inteira. O encadeamento normal foi mais eficiente para ambas as crianças. Paralelamente, efeitos de duas pistas (de tatos e ecoicos) foram medidos sobre o responder perguntas. Para uma criança, pistas de tatos foram mais eficientes e, para a outra, o contrário. Foi discutida possível influência de história anterior de exposição a um tipo de procedimento sobre sua eficiência relativa. Foi sugerida a possibilidade de ensino com histórias adaptadas influenciar um posterior melhor engajamento com histórias não adaptadas em situação de leitura compartilhada, favorecendo processos de inclusão escolar.
Conselho de alimentação escolar (CAE): os desafios enfrentados pelos conselheiros
Authors: Carvalho Genyvana Criscya Garcia , Morais Ivonalda Brito de Almeida , Oliveira Guilherme Antônio Lopes de , Vendrametto Oduvaldo
Published: March 2021

A alimentação escolar tem como objetivos contribuir para aumentar as condições nutricionais dos estudantes, efetivar a sua permanência, promover a educação alimentar, também contribuir para a melhoria do processo de ensino-aprendizagem e, consequentemente, para a diminuição dos índices de evasão e repetência escolar. A alimentação escolar é uma questão vital, pois a alimentação escolar agrega também valores, tais como formação de hábito e atitudes alimentares. Esse artigo tem o objetivo discorrer sobre o Conselho de Alimentação Escolar (CAE) em seus aspectos conceituais, legais e desafios no desenvolvimento das atribuições dos conselheiros. É um estudo de revisão bibliográfica, onde foram utilizados sites de busca, como Google Acadêmico e SCIELO, através das palavras-chave: alimentação escolar, Conselho de alimentação escolar e Desafios. Com a pesquisa, foi possível levantar os dados que subsidiam esse estudo. Conclui-se como principal desafio a falta de preparação e conhecimento da legislação sobre o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), uma vez que na prática não são ofertados cursos voltados para a preparação dos conselheiros para atuar no CAE, e são muitas as atribuições referentes às atividades dos conselheiros. São desafios ainda a falta de estrutura para a realização das reuniões e falta de transporte para visita às escolas, o que acaba cerceando o objetivo do CAE e consequente execução no PNAE.
Estilo de vida de universitários usuários de substâncias nocivas e associação com atividade física do cotidiano
Authors: Fonseca Higor Santos , Prati Sergio Roberto Adriano
Published: March 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o estilo de vida (EV) de universitários usuários de substâncias nocivas e associá-la com a atividade física do cotidiano. Para isso, foram investigados 1405 universitários de um campus universitário de Paranavaí-PR, no qual 330 (23,4%) foram identificados como usuários de tabaco e/ou drogas (TD) e 401 (28,5%) de álcool (AL). Além disso, cerca de 85% dos universitários não tinham hábitos considerados saudáveis de atividades físicas (AF). O EV foi mensurado por meio do questionário “Estilo de Vida Fantástico”. Sendo assim, observou-se que o EV dos universitários usuários de substâncias nocivas, em média, foi considerado inadequado (TD=58,7±10,9; AL=59,6±11,0, adequado quando EV≥70pts) independentemente do sexo. Quando a AF era adequada (em 14,4% dos casos), 9,6% eram usuários de TD e 20% de AL, já, quando AF era inadequada os níveis de usuários praticamente não se alteravam percentualmente (TD=10,5% e AL=20,4%). Desta forma, conclui-se que o EV de universitários não era adequado para saúde, além disso, não se observou interferência da prática regular e adequada de atividades física em relação ao uso de substâncias nocivas.
O mindful eating modifica o comportamento alimentar em indivíduos com excesso de peso?
Authors: Bezerra Maria Beatriz Guega Silva , Orange Luciana Gonçalves de , Calaça Priscilla Régia de Andrade , Menezes Geórgia Mônica Marques de , Lima Cybelle Rolim de
Published: March 2021

As estratégias tradicionais no controle ao excesso de peso, como a utilização de dietas restritivas e incentivo à prática de exercícios, à longo prazo, parecem não ser eficientes tendo em vista que muitas vezes não promovem mudanças de comportamento alimentar. Sendo assim, estratégias comportamentais, como o Mindful eating que é a habilidade de comer com atenção plena, sem julgamento ou crítica, auxiliando o indivíduo a ter uma melhor relação com a comida através da sintonia entre mente, corpo e alimentação, parece ser uma alternativa eficaz para consolidação de uma alimentação mais consciente. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre os principais protocolos de Mindful eating utilizados em pesquisas com indivíduos com excesso de peso para mudança de comportamento alimentar. A pesquisa realizou-se nos principais bancos de dados: PubMed, ScienceDirect, TripDatabase e Scielo. Foram selecionados 8 artigos por preencherem os critérios de inclusão para a produção da revisão. Foi realizada a análise de diferentes protocolos de mindful eating, os quais demonstraram como principais benefícios, variando entre os estudos, a redução/manutenção do peso corporal; melhora no comportamento alimentar e diminuição nos episódios do transtorno de compulsão alimentar (TCA), aumento da atenção plena e da alimentação consciente. Dentre os protocolos avaliados, o MB-EAT foi o mais utilizado nas pesquisas com estes objetivos. Destaca-se a importância de mais pesquisas que utilizem esta estratégia e seus diferentes protocolos, ressaltando a análise dos efeitos que eles proporcionam no comportamento alimentar.
Produção de sucedâneo da gordura do leite humano por interesterificação enzimática: uma revisão
Authors: Ferreira Giovanna Caputo Almeida , Silva Jiuliane Martins da , Silva Geovane Aparecido Ramos da , Ponhozi Isadora Boaventura , Castro Matheus Campos de , Souza Patrícia Magalhães de , Cruz Victor Hugo Maldonado da , Santos Junior Oscar de Oliveira
Published: March 2021

O leite humano é considerado a principal fonte de nutrientes e energia para os bebês sob o ponto de vista nutricional, imunológico e de segurança alimentar. A melhor forma de assegurar a oferta dos nutrientes necessários para o lactente é por meio do leite materno, porém, quando a prática da amamentação é impossibilitada, o uso de Fórmula Infantil aparece como uma alternativa para a alimentação do bebê. O processo de Interesterificação de misturas entre gorduras sólidas e óleos vegetais pode formar produtos com excelentes características chamados lipídeos estruturados, que podem ser utilizados como sucedâneos da gordura do leite humano em fórmulas infantis. A Interesterificação enzimática oferece a vantagem de um maior controle sobre a distribuição posicional dos ácidos graxos no produto final, devido à seletividade e regioespecificidade das lipases nos ácidos graxos. Este trabalho reuniu trabalhos recentes sobre a produção de sucedâneo da gordura do leite humano por Interesterificação enzimática. Através da busca de referências pode-se notar que vários grupos de pesquisadores no mundo trabalham com testes de aprimoramento e ajuste da técnica de interesterificação e do uso da melhor enzima para a produção do sucedâneo a partir de diversas fontes naturais de óleos e gorduras. Porém ainda não há muitos registros de produtos patenteados. Dessa maneira faz-se necessário que mais pesquisas sejam desenvolvidas para que se chegue em um produto sucedâneo com as melhores característcas para que seja submetido a patente.
Roda de conversa no CECCO: uma experiência
Authors: Moraes Maria Cecília Leite de , Rodrigues Dality Keffelen de Barros
Published: March 2021

O câncer de mama entre as mulheres apresenta alta prevalência e, importante índice de mortalidade no Brasil. Diante do cenário, o Grupo PAPO DE SAÚDE e os servidores do CECCO organizaram uma RODA DE CONVERSA com o objetivo de dialogar sobre as ações primárias para combate da doença. A metodologia que compõe essa formatação é  a pesquisa-ação comunitária. Os convites foram feitos e as presenças foram espontâneas. Optou-se por não identificar e numerar as presentes devido as características do serviço. Os resultados foram positivos evidenciando o conhecimento do tema entre as mulheres que participaram da atividade. A avaliação pontuou o êxito da iniciativa e a perspectiva de futuras RODAS DE CONVERSA, que poderão se consolidar como uma atividade mais frequente entre CECCO e PAPO DE SAÚDE.
PeningkatanKecerdasanSpiritual Warga Binaan Kristen Melalui Pendidikan Agama Kristen di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas IIA Salemba Jakarta Pusat
Authors: Sianipar Desi , Kia A Dan , Rantung Djoys Anneke , Sairwona Wellem
Published: March 2021

Abstrak

Peningkatan kecerdasan spiritual warga binaan Kristen lembaga pemasyarakatan(Lapas)Kelas IIA SalembaJakarta Pusat adalah sangat penting karena pemahaman mereka akan nilai-nilai Kristensangat kurang. Rendahnya kecerdasan spiritual telah melemahkan mental dan jiwa mereka sehingga mereka mudah jatuhke dalam perbuatan jahat. Kecerdasan spiritual yang rendah telahmenyebabkan mereka mengalami kesulitan dalam mengatasi masalah-masalah kehidupan baik ketikamereka menjalani hukuman maupunsetelah mereka keluar dari Lapas. Kegiatan PkM ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi masalah para warga binaanKristen, denganmeningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual mereka. Untuk itu,Tim PkM telah melakukan penyuluhanmelalui Kursus Alkitab secara intensif setiap hari Rabu dan Kamis selama 6 bulan, khususnya menyangkut kepercayaanKristenyang paling utama. Kegiatan ini telah diikuti oleh 60 (enam puluh) warga binaan Kristen. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan ini adalah sebanyak 23(dua puluh) warga binaan dapat ditamatkandan mereka menyatakan siap untuk terlibat aktif dalam berbagai pelayanan Kristen.

Kata kunci: Kecerdasan spiritual

Abstract

The increase ofspiritual intelligence for the Christian prisoners at the Prison Class IIA Salemba Central Jakarta is very important because they lack understanding of Christian values. Low spiritual intelligence has weakened their mental and soul so that they fall into evil deedseasily. Italso has caused them to experience difficulties in overcomingproblems both when they are still in the prison and after they leave the prison. This programseeks to help to overcome theirproblemsby increasing their spiritual intelligence. The community service team has taught the Christian fundamental beliefs to them and has trained them to have skills for doing Christian ministries. The spiritual intellegence hasincreased through intensive Bible Course heldevery Wednesday and Thursday for 6 months.There were60 (sixty) partisipants, but at the end of Course, as the result, there were 23 (twentythree) graduates that are ready to involvein various Christian ministries.

Key word: spirituality intellegence
PEMERIKSAAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH SEWAKTU, KADAR ASAM URAT DANKADAR CHOLESTEROL PADA MASYARAKAT DI DESA ERETAN WETAN KABUPATENINDRAMAYU PERIODE FEBRUARI 2020
Authors: Siregar Rospita Adelina , Amahorseja Adolfina R. , Adriani Ance , Andriana Jumaini
Published: March 2021

Pelaksanaan PkM FKUKI Jakarta berlokasi  di kantor kelurahan Desa Eretan Kulon, pada hari Sabtu 22 Februari 2020, diawali dengan “Penyuluhan Pelayanan Kesehatan dan Perlindungan Hukum Kesehatan Reproduksi Perempuan” disampaikan oleh dr.Rospita Adelina Siregar,MH.Kes dengan audiens ibu-ibu/ perempuan berjumlah 150 orang , Feedback yang didapat antara lain masyarakat belum faham atas hak reproduksinya, masyarakat belum faham penerapan hak reproduksinya ,dalam menentukan cara ber-KB, menentukan jumlah anak ,penyebab kemungkinan karena pendidikan rendah, sebagian besar tidak tamat SD. Kegiatan dilanjutkan dengan pengobatan gratis bagi  938 orang , terdiri dari kelompok usia dewasa dan anak, kegiatan ini dilayani oleh tim kesehatan dari FKUKI yaitu:dr.Adolfina R.Amorhorseja,MS: dr.Ance Adriani,MS.Sp.OK.,Sp.GK dan dr.Jumaini Andriana,MPd.Ked. juga  pemeriksaan darah  bagi 492 orang pasien atas indikasi  dilayani oleh tim kesehatan GKJ (PIC.drg.Sri Rahayu dan dr.Sri Udaneni), dengan  rincaian : jumlah pasien yang dilakukan pemeriksaan Gula Darah sebanyak 207 orang, Asam Urat 159 orang, serta pemeriksaan kadar Cholesterol 105 orang , Kesimpulan : Kadar Glukosa Sewaktu < 145 mg/dl sejumlah  127 orang (61,4%), Kadar Asam Urat                ( 5-7 mg/dl) = Normal, sejumlah 116 orang (73%), serta Kadar Cholesterol (< 200 mg/dl)= Normal, sebanyak 60 orang (57,1%).

Kata kunci : penyuluhan, pengobatan, hak reproduksi, perempuan
Implications of Plant Selectors' Rights for herbage seed production - trade viewpoint
Authors: Paterson J.C.
Published: March 2021

The role of Plant Selectors' Rights in encouraging private plant breeding is emphasized and the importance of developing low cost testing schemes for Rights is stressed. The excellent prospects for the development of the New Zealand seed industry are discussed. Key words: Plant Selectors' Rights, herbage seed production, New Zealand.
Implications of Plant Selectors' Rights for herbage seed production - Plant Varieties Office viewpoint
Authors: Whitmore F.W.
Published: March 2021

The reason for having a Plant Selectors' Rights scheme and some attendant disadvantages are discussed. The development of Rights both internationally and in New Zealand is outlined. Of the 136 applications for New Zealand Rights received to date only one has been for a herbage cultivar. The advent of Rights has not always been welcomed by farmers. It is argued that a Recommended List would complement the Rights scheme. Reference is made to future expansion of Rights in New Zealand. Key words: Plant Selectors' Rights, herbage seed production, New Zealand.
Bulk grass seed drying and storage
Authors: Crosbie C.J.
Published: March 2021

The basic principles of drying and storing bulk lots of grass seed are briefly described. The importance of cooling field-dried lines before storage in order to prevent heating in the silo and beed damage from thermophyllic fungi is stressed. Key words: Grass seed drying, grass seed storage, Aspergillus glaucus
Seed production of 'Grasslands Tama' Westerwolds ryegrass in practice
Authors: Moore G.E.
Published: March 2021

A specialist management system for 'Grasslands Tama' Westerwolds ryegrass seed production is described. Planting, fertilizer, irrigation, harvesting and drying and machine-dressing policies are outlined. Particular emphasis is placed on the production of high seed-weight crops. Key words: Seed production. Lolium multiflorum, irrigation, seed harvesting, seed drying, seed dressing.
Recent grass seed production studies in Canterbury
Authors: Brown K.R.
Published: March 2021

Seed production trials in Canterbury have shown (1) strong negative relationships between plant density and seed yields per plant, and (2) plant density ranges above which high plant numbers failed to compensate for low yields per plant and below which high yields per plant failed to compensate for low plant numbers. The net result was that seed yields per unit area tended to plateau at this density range, with no further gains being made by increasing plant numbers. It is concluded that the function of seeding rate is to provide sufficient viable seeds to attain this density. Optimum density ranges for 'Grasslands Tama' Westerwolds ryegrass and 'Grasslands Nui' perennial ryegrass were 300 to 400 plants/m, and for 'Grasslands Matua' prairie grass 100 to I30 plants/m. The value of superphosphate and potassic fertilizers for seed production was doubtful, but nitrogen increased seed yields regardless of time of application. Work in Canterbury concentrated on the time of N application and showed that nitrogen for seed production was most efficient when applied just after stem elongation had commenced. Grazing grass-seed crops reduced seed yields because of an indirect negative effect on seedhead size and individual seed weights, both of which proved to be more important than seedhead numbers in determining seed yields. Keywords: Seed production, grasses, plant density, nitrogen, stem elongation, grazing, seedhead size, seed weight.
Coppiced hardwood trees for reuse of farm dairy effluent
Authors: Snow V.O. , Fung L.E. , Hurst S.E. , Mcivor I.R. , Douglas G.B. , Foote A.G. , Arnold J.D. , Cameron P.N.
Published: March 2021

Alternatives to the traditional treatment of effluent, irrigation back onto pasture, may prove valuable for farmers. Here we present the results from the first two years of a trial set up to test the potential of cut-and-carry coppiced hardwoods (poplars and willows) in taking up nitrogen from fresh effluent and providing fodder on a dairy farm. Three blocks each of Argyle poplars and Tangoio willows were planted as 1.2 m stakes on a dairy farm in southern Wairarapa in September 2001. One block of each species was irrigated with fresh farm dairy effluent at a high rate, about 5 mm per week, the second was irrigated at a low rate of about half that amount, and the third control block of each species was left unirrigated. The first coppicing, conducted in March 2002, yielded 6, 13, and 24 t DM/ha from the Willow-Control, -Low, and -High treatments. The corresponding yields from the poplar blocks were 6, 14, and 11 t DM/ha. The depressed yield of the Poplar- High was due to a rust infection. Growth was much slower in 2002/03 due to a cold October and dry summer. The yields were about a third of those measured in the previous year. The amount of nitrogen in the harvested biomass of the Willow- High treatment was 440 and 100 kg N/ha in the two years. Coppice blocks are likely to be most useful where the amount of land suitable for irrigation is limited, where there may be heightened concerns about the effects of nitrate leaching, or where wet weather storage of effluent is limited. The coppice blocks accumulate a large amount of animal fodder in late summer when many farms experience feed gaps and the fodder from coppice blocks may also have animal health benefits. Keywords: willow, poplar, forage crops
Livestock shelter from trees - a review
Authors: Hawke M.F. , Dodd M.B.
Published: March 2021

New Zealand is a windy country with extremes of temperate climate. Cold southerly and warm sub-tropical winds ensure a varied existence for farmed livestock. There are good examples of livestock shelter throughout the country, yet few farmers actively manage their animal enterprises to include shelter. Research results indicate there are production responses in milk production, liveweight gain and lamb survival to the provision of shelter. However, welfare and animal stress benefits have been difficult to substantiate. Caring for livestock should be the top priority, with an added bonus of satisfying marketing requirements. Strategically planted shelter will enhance our countryside, our image and our economy. Keywords: animal welfare, livestock, shelterbelts, trees
Cost-benefits of supplementing ewes with willow and poplar foliage on a model hill country farm in Wairarapa
Authors: Orsborn S. , Gawith P.W. , Cameron D.J.
Published: March 2021

An estimate of the financial benefits from feeding willow/poplar, was attempted by applying results from a three-year trial at Massey University's Riverside Farm, near Masterton, to a typical Wairarapa hill country farming situation using computer modelling. The model assumed poplar and willow planting started ten years ago, and results for Year 10 and Year 20 were compared with a control where sheep were grazed only on pasture typical of Wairarapa farms in late summer/early autumn. After repairs, maintenance and wages were accounted for, the difference in gross margins was $4,755 between the ten-year model and the control model, and $10,236 between the twenty-year model and the control model. While a drought will always affect costs on a hill country farm, protecting the following year's income is crucial. Feeding willow and poplar foliage to ewes during mating can help to sustain lambing percentages and is a drought management option available to farmers having this supplementary feed resource on their properties. Keywords: economic analysis; financial benefits; poplars; willows; feed supplementation
Long term growth rates and water extraction patterns of dryland chicory, lucerne and red clover
Authors: Brown H.E. , Moot D.J. , Pollock K.M.
Published: March 2021

A 5-year experiment was conducted under dryland conditions (mean annual rainfall 660 mm) on a Wakanui silt loam at Lincoln University. The mean annual production of lucerne (20 t DM/ha) was greater than red clover and chicory (16 t DM/ha). The advantage of lucerne increased with time to 6 t DM/ ha in the final year, when the lucerne component of the sward was 94%, whereas chicory and red clover declined to 62 and 0% of their respective swards. The annual production advantage of lucerne was a result of higher growth rates in September and from December to May. The higher summer/autumn growth rates were attributed to a greater water extraction depth, giving lucerne access to more water during this time. The DM yield of all three species had a linear relationship with water use. These results are discussed in relation to the fitness of the three species for a dryland farming system, and how the performance of each would be expected to vary with differing soil type and rainfall situations. Key words: Cichorium intybus, extraction depth, Medicago sativa, Trifolium pratense, water use, water use efficiency
Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum): its history and current and future research in New Zealand
Authors: Smetham M.L.
Published: March 2021

This review covers the history of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and its present occurrence in New Zealand; a review of research and conclusions to be drawn from this; and examines past and future research directions. Subterranean clover has been important in terms of area of use in New Zealand since the late 1930's. Today it makes a significant contribution to pasture production on steep, north-facing North Island hill country where effective rainfall is low, and in other areas where soil moisture drops below wilting point for between 2 weeks and 5 months of the year. Research has identified the superiority of cultivars possessing a compact, ground-hugging habit of growth, and flowering late, in late October - early November, for use in North Island hill country. In drier areas, more research is needed to identify superior cultivars, although there is evidence that lines in the mid-season or early mid-season flowering groups may be appropriate. A major problem for the use of subterranean clovers in New Zealand is the slow breakdown of hardseededness. About 7 M ha of land in New Zealand is mapped as being subject to slight to severe moisture deficit (an area which could with advantage support subterranean clover), but further research is needed to identify appropriate cultivars for 4.8 M ha or more of this area. Key words: history, New Zealand, research, Trifolium subterraneum
Australian experience with cool season annual legumes - the challenge to develop environmentally sustainable farming systems
Authors: Dear B.S.
Published: March 2021

Australian farming systems have traditionally relied on annual legumes such as subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and annual medics (Medicago spp.) in either short-term pastures in rotation with crops or permanent pastures to provide low cost biologically fixed N and a high quality forage for livestock. The role of legumes in farming systems is now being reassessed because of the recognition that their extensive use is associated with widespread soil acidification, loss of species diversity in native pastures and increasing dryland salinity. In the future, annual legumes are more likely to be sown in mixtures with deep-rooted perennial pasture species, both in permanent pastures and in rotation with crops, to improve hydrological balance in the landscape. As a result, there is a change of direction in annual legume selection and breeding programs within Australia with a greater focus on the ability of legumes to coexist with perennial species, as well as on characteristics such as an extended growing season and deeper rooting habit to exploit subsoil water. There is also a trend towards increasing the diversity of annual legume species sown in pasture mixes to better exploit paddock variation and variable seasonal conditions.
A review of red and white clovers in the dryland environment
Authors: Brock J.L. , Hyslop M.G. , Widdup K.H.
Published: March 2021

Red and white clovers are best adapted to areas with good soil fertility and adequate soil moisture (750 mm annual rainfall), particularly over summer (150 mm), and are therefore restricted to small areas such as the more fertile valley floors and lower shady slopes in dryland environments. To extend their range and aid survival in dry environments, grazing management and cultivar selection are critical. Continual grazing (set stocking) during spring leads to a dense grass pasture, providing protection from desiccation for white clover stolons in the following summer. White clover cultivars have an inbuilt plasticity that allows morphological adaptation to changes in grazing management. For instance, set stocking in combination with a small-leafed cultivar results in a reduction of plant size but an increase in the stolon population, leading to better plant survival through drought periods. Where drought leads to stolon death, reseeding becomes a viable mechanism for clover persistence, and grazing management has a major influence on survival of new seedlings. For red clover, there is evidence that 'creeping' types survive better than 'crown' types in hill country, but the scope for extending red clover into drier areas is more limited. Key words: cultivars, drought, dryland, grazing management, morphological adaptation, persistence, red clover, reseeding, summer rainfall, Trifolium repens, T. pratense, white clover
The ecology of four annual clovers adventive in New Zealand grasslands
Authors: Boswell C.C. , Lucas R.J. , Lonati M. , Fletcher A. , Moot D.J.
Published: March 2021

Four annual clovers have become adapted to the dry and semi-arid grasslands in New Zealand. In the absence of competition from perennial clovers, which are adapted to sub-humid and humid environments, further spread is likely to continue. Annuals rely on high numbers of small and hard seeds for survival. Their germination is dependent on a combination of adequate soil moisture and favourable temperatures, with no evidence of a prechilling treatment required. For striated clover, germination results highlight their adaptation to cool moist autumn conditions during germination. The benefits of adventive clovers for N fixation (0.2-100 kg N ha-1) are greatest where sulphur fertiliser has been applied, the clover population is dense, and soil moisture ideal over several months, but may be nil in drought conditions. Key words: annual clovers, germination, nitrogen fixation, semi-arid grassland, Trifolium arvense, T. dubium, T. glomeratum, T. striatum
Annual pasture legumes for farming systems in cool-temperate areas with summer soil moisture deficits
Authors: Evans P.M. , Zhang X.Z. , Riffkin P.A.
Published: March 2021

Seed softening rates of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) are lower in cool-temperate environments than in typical Mediterranean areas, allowing the accumulation of large seed banks. These large seed banks should enable a pasture to selfregenerate following a year of cropping in which the pasture has been removed. To test this hypothesis, a 1:1 pasture/crop rotation system was established at three sites in southern Victoria, Australia, with subterranean, balansa (T. michelianum), Persian (T. resupinatum) and arrowleaf (T. vesiculosum) clovers. At Hamilton, pure subterranean clover herbage yields of up to 10 t DM/ha were obtained under grazing. This was followed by wheat grain yields averaging 7 t/ha with 12.7% grain protein over three seasons. After a year of dryland cropping, the pastures selfregenerated with more than 3 000 clover seedlings/ m2. At Gnarwarre and Streatham, all four clover species were well adapted to the pasture/crop rotation in terms of their seed-seedling dynamics, with the highest regeneration after cropping at 8 000 seedlings/m2 in balansa clover and the highest seasonal herbage production of 12.8 t DM/ha in arrowleaf clover. No nitrogen fertiliser was applied in the system. Key words: annual legumes, cool-temperate climate, crops, seed softening rates
Legumes for South Island tussock grassland environments - an evaluation of plant survival and growth at some inland Otago and Canterbury trials
Authors: Wills B. , Trainor K. , Scott D.
Published: March 2021

Many legumes have been trialled for establishment, persistence and productivity in the tussock grassland region of the South Island, New Zealand. This paper presents information on long-term persistence and growth based on a survey of surviving legume species from 45 previous plant accession trials, established over a range of sites and environments (predominantly dryland) throughout Otago and Canterbury. Sites were visited in January/February 2003 and identified plants were visually scored for several growth-related parameters. Most sites were open to stock grazing and all were affected by drought during the current growing season. Of the legume species that seed is not commercially available for in New Zealand, the most persistent and vigorous were: Lupinus polyphyllus, Trifolium medium, Coronilla varia, Dorycnium hirsutum, Melilotus alba and M. officinalis, Astragalus falcatus, T. canescens, D. pentaphyllum, and A. cicer. These plants may usefully supplement tussock grassland vegetation under environmental and management conditions including periodic drought and the moderate to light grazing experienced at most of the trial sites visited. This paper reviews growth and survival of those legumes, and provides a guide to species with potential for revegetation in dryland and semi-arid environments that warrant further research into site x management interactions and possibly commercial development. Key words: legume persistence, Otago/Canterbury, revegetation, tussock grassland
Lucerne for high quality summer feed in North Island hill country
Authors: Mcgowan A.W. , Sheath G.W. , Webby R.W.
Published: March 2021

It is common to have a shortage of high quality summer feed on hill country farms in New Zealand, due to a deterioration of pasture growth during the drier months. Lucerne produces high quality feed during summer on lowland fields; however, its potential in hill country is unknown. This study measured the persistence of lucerne and evaluated its seasonal production relative to pasture. These results were then modelled for a typical sheep and beef farm to assess the potential benefits of including lucerne on the farm. Monthly growth rates of lucerne (six cultivars) and pasture were measured pregrazing, and lucerne viability was assessed at the end of the five-year study. Lucerne was successfully established and maintained on hill country for five years. On average, the total annual production of lucerne and pasture were similar, with only the highest yielding cultivar 'Rere' consistently outproducing pasture on an annual basis. Lower spring production of lucerne was compensated for by higher summer growth rates of 62 kg DM/ha/day, compared with 34 kg DM/ha/day for pasture. The extra summer feed from lucerne enabled a model farm that included 12.5% lucerne to carry more animals and produce lambs of heavier slaughter weight than on a pasture only basis. This gave a predicted increase in the gross margin of 3%. The impact of lucerne on other farms must be modelled individually to establish the best system to utilise the additional high quality summer feed. Key words: lucerne, modelling, quality summer feed
Use of bulk hybrid populations to select for adaptation to contrasting environments in subterranean clover
Authors: Nichols Phillip , Cocks Philip
Published: March 2021

Population changes were measured over 17 years within a highly variable bulk hybrid population of subterranean clover in a short and long growing season mediterranean-type environment in Western Australia. Flowering time was used as an indicator of evolutionary change and was highly responsive to environment. Markedly different populations evolved, with rapid selection for early flowering at the short growing season site and later flowering at the long growing season site. The use of bulk hybrid populations is suggested as a low-input means of breeding and selecting annual pasture legumes adapted to target environments and farming systems. While adapted genotypes can be selected after just 3 seasons, further adaptive fine-tuning occurs with increased homozygosity. The success of the method hinges on the original parents containing genes for desirable characters, trial sites being representative of target environments and trial management being representative of typical farm practice
Breeding for improved frost-seeded red clover seedling establishment
Authors: Riday Heathcliffe
Published: March 2021

In the colder parts of the United States, in late winter after disappearance of snow cover, red clover (Trifolium pratense) is often broadcast seeded into forage legume-depleted grass pastures to increase pasture forage quality. This method of establishment is referred to as frost seeding. However, in an estimated 30-40% of frostseeded pastures in Wisconsin, USA the legumes fail to establish. In this study 40 red clover halfsib families from one breeding population and six check populations were evaluated for spring 2005 establishment by 1) broadcast seeding into existing pasture under frost-seeded conditions and 2) standard drill seeding into 15 cm-spaced rows. In June 2005 seedling counts and heights were measured on halfsib family plots. Narrow sense heritability estimates on a halfsib family basis for seedling stand counts under frost- and drill-seeded establishment were h2 = 0.02 and 0.21 respectively. Heritabilities for seedling height under frost- and drill-seeded establishment were h2 = 0.50 and 0.26. Genetic correlations between seedling counts and heights under frost- and drill-seeded establishment were rA = 0.42 and 0.19 respectively. No significant genetic correlations between frost- and drill-seeded heights (rA = -0.09) or seedling counts (rA = 0.20) were detected. These results suggest that seedling performance in frost-seeded conditions is a distinct trait from seedling performance in standard drill-seeded conditions and that each needs a separate selection program.
Forage Improvement via Marker-Assisted Selection
Authors: Barrett Brent , Faville Marty , Sartie Alieu , Hume David , Jahufer Zulfi , Hickey Michael , Baird Ivan , Pennell Chris , Ryan Doug , Cooper Bruce , Woodfield Derek , Easton Syd
Published: March 2021

The use of DNA markers to accelerate genetic improvement of forages presents a unique set of opportunities, challenges, and benefits. Our experiments in full-sib mapping populations of white clover and perennial ryegrass have detected >75 quantitative trait loci (QTLs), each with multiple marker:trait associations at specific locations in either the perennial ryegrass or white clover genome. A subset of these QTL are robust (detected in multiple years / sites / populations) and exert a substantial influence on performance, warranting exploration of development for application in Marker-assisted Selection (MAS) breeding programmes. Ryegrass QTLs associated with herbage yield, seed yield, plant size and habit, cold tolerance, seasonal regrowth, and disease have been identified, whereas QTL discovery in white clover has been focused on reproductive traits. Markers from two white clover QTLs were used to develop marker assays suitable for selection of parental plants with superior breeding value for seed yield potential. Tandem testing of the two assays over two field seasons and eight populations indicates that substantial change in seed yield may be achieved (up to 90% increase), and that the marker / allele / phase relationships to plant performance are population specific. These data point to an opportunity to develop selection tools on a population specific basis, and to a challenge to implement MAS approaches tailored for open-pollinated population breeding systems.
New generation white clovers for United Kingdom farming systems
Authors: Woodfield D.R. , Ford J.L. , Johnston Mzz Jahufer
Published: March 2021

White clover is used worldwide to improve the nutritive value of pastures and is an increasingly important component of environmentally-sustainable grassland ecosystems. In 1991, a white clover breeding program involving two New Zealand companies (AgResearch and Midlands Seed) and a European company (Barenbrug), was initiated to develop new varieties for agricultural systems in the United Kingdom. This collaborative international program has been very successful with three improved varieties, Crusader, Barblanca and Makuri, being released and listed in the United Kingdom. The improved persistence and productivity of these varieties has enabled them to secure a significant share of the UK proprietary seed market. In particular, the medium-leaved Crusader produces at least 30% more DM than any other small or medium-leaved white clovers in UK Recommended List trials. Changes in agricultural subsidies within the EU Common Agricultural Policy and the growing pressure to use environmentally sustainable agricultural practices should increase demand for new generation white clover varieties that can maximise both pasture production and animal productivity.