bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FOLR2+ macrophage depletion from intestinal metaplasia to early gastric cancer: single-cell sequencing insight into gastric cancer progression
Authors: He Yuxin , Wang Jiayu , Deng Zilin , Feng Huang , Du Mingzhan , Zhang Deqing , Zhang Guangbo , Shi Tongguo , Chen Weichang
Published: December 2024

Background

The immune landscape associated with different subtypes of intestinal metaplasia (IM) and early gastric cancer (EGC) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the immune landscape of complete intestinal metaplasia (CIM), incomplete intestinal metaplasia (IIM), and EGC, as well as the underlying mechanisms of EGC progression.

Methods

Gastric biopsy samples were collected from five patients with CIM, six patients with IIM, and four patients with EGC, followed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Multiplex immunohistochemical staining was employed to validate the samples from the aforementioned patients. To elucidate the potential mechanisms involved, in vitro coculture experiments were conducted using FOLR2+/FOLR2− macrophages and CD8+ T cells. Flow cytometry was utilized to investigate the biological functions of FOLR2+ macrophages in the progression of EGC.

Results

Five subpopulations of macrophages were identified in CIM, IIM and EGC samples. FOLR2+ macrophages possess antitumor immune potential, and the proportion of FOLR2+ macrophage gradually decreased from the CIM stage to the IIM and EGC stages. FOLR2+ macrophages were significantly positively correlated with CD8+ T cells and activated the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells via antigen cross-presentation. Additionally, during the progression of EGC, epithelial cells progressively upregulated APP expression, thus inducing necroptosis of FOLR2+ macrophages via the APP‒TNFRSF21 axis.

Conclusions

Our work provides an understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation of IM mediated by FOLR2+ macrophages.

Graphical Abstract
Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in an open-label, long-term extension study in patients with psoriatic arthritis who received adalimumab or tofacitinib in a Phase 3 randomized controlled study: a post hoc analysis
Authors: Gladman Dafna D. , Nash Peter , Mease Philip J. , FitzGerald Oliver , Duench Stephanie , Cadatal Mary Jane , Masri Karim R.
Published: December 2024

Background

Data on treatment switching directly from tumor necrosis factor inhibitors to tofacitinib in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are limited. This post hoc analysis assessed efficacy and safety outcomes in patients with PsA who directly switched to tofacitinib in a long-term extension (LTE) study after receiving adalimumab (ADA) in a Phase 3 study, compared with those who continued to receive tofacitinib.

Methods

Patients with active PsA received tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily (BID) or ADA 40 mg once every 2 weeks in a 12-month, randomized, double-blind study (OPAL Broaden) and then continued or switched to tofacitinib 5 mg BID and maintained this dose in an open-label LTE study (OPAL Balance). Efficacy was assessed 3 months before the last visit and at the last visit in the Phase 3 study, and at month 3 (or month 6 for select outcomes) in the LTE study and included rates of ≥ 20/50/70% improvement in American College of Rheumatology response criteria, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index ≥ 75% improvement, Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) response (decrease from baseline ≥ 0.35 for patients with baseline HAQ-DI ≥ 0.35), Psoriatic Arthritis Disease Activity Score ≤ 3.2, and minimal disease activity; and change from baseline in Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue score. Safety was assessed at months 3 and 12 in both studies via incidence rates (patients with first events/100 patient-years).

Results

Overall, 180 patients were included (ADA→tofacitinib 5 mg BID: n = 91; continuing tofacitinib 5 mg BID: n = 89). At Phase 3 baseline, patients in the ADA→tofacitinib 5 mg BID group tended to be younger and have less active disease compared with those continuing tofacitinib. Efficacy was similar between groups in the Phase 3 study, and was maintained to month 3 or 6 in the LTE study. Treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, and serious infections were generally similar in the Phase 3 and LTE studies, and between groups within each study.

Conclusion

Tofacitinib efficacy and safety were similar in patients with PsA who directly switched from ADA to tofacitinib and those who continued tofacitinib, suggesting that patients can be directly switched from ADA to tofacitinib without any washout period.

Trial registration

NCT01877668; NCT01976364
Evaluation of some fungicides for inhibiting proteolytic fungi isolated from leather binding of a historical manuscript dated back to the Mamluk period
Authors: Abdel-Hamied Mostafa , Abdelhafez Ahmed A. M. , Ahmed Rania F. , Abd-Alrahman Sherif H. , Abdel-Maksoud Gomaa
Published: December 2024

Fungi have an essential role in deterioration of historical leather bindings, leading to major problems in the preservative state of these artifacts. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of some fungicides and nanoparticles materials against fungal activity of historical leather bindings. Historical leather binding from an illuminated paper manuscript dating back to the Mamluk period (1250–1516 AD) at the Al-Azhar library, Cairo, Egypt was examined for fungal infection, and isolation. Results of the present study showed, 21 fungal isolates were isolated and identified using morphological and molecular techniques as Alternaria alternate (5%), Aspergillus fumigatus (43%), Aspergillus niger (43%), Aspergillus terrus (5%), and Penicillium chrysogenum (5%). All fungal isolates exhibited proteolytic activity. Aspergillus niger (2–7) and Aspergillus fumigatus (3–4) achieved the highest proteolytic activity amongst obtained fungal strains. Seven fungicides, difenoconazole, propiconazole, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, boscalid, dimethomorph, and thiophanate-methyl as individual active ingredient and two mixtures [difenoconazole combined with propiconazole (1:1)] and [boscalid combined with pyraclostrobin (2:1)] were evaluated at different concentrations against A. fumigatus and A. niger. Additionally, the effect of titanium and silicon dioxides nanoparticles, against the highest proteolytic fungi A. fumigatus and A. niger was evaluated. The fungal growth inhibition was assessed by the disc diffusion method (DDM). The results revealed that individual or mixed boscalid and pyraclostrobin fungicides at 300 ppm achieved the highest inhibition activity against A. fumigatus, but the linear diagram showed that individual boscalid and pyraclostrobin fungicides at 200 ppm was the ideal concentration for application with the leather samples in the future study. The mixture of boscalid + pyraclostrobin (2:1) exhibited the best preservation effect against A. niger achieving 65.9%, and 82.4% microbial inhibition at 150, and 300 ppm, respectively, followed by individual boscalid fungicide.
Unpacking student engagement in higher education learning analytics: a systematic review
Authors: Bergdahl Nina , Bond Melissa , Sjöberg Jeanette , Dougherty Mark , Oxley Emily
Published: December 2024

Educational outcomes are heavily reliant on student engagement, yet this concept is complex and subject to diverse interpretations. The intricacy of the issue arises from the broad spectrum of interpretations, each contributing to the understanding of student engagement as both complex and multifaceted. Given the emergence and increasing use of Learning Analytics (LA) within higher education to provide enhanced insight into engagement, research is needed to understand how engagement is conceptualised by LA researchers and what dimensions and indicators of engagement are captured by studies that use log data. This systematic review synthesises primary research indexed in the Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, A + Education, and SAGE journals or captured through snowballing in OpenAlex. Studies were included if they were published between 2011 and 2023, were journal articles or conference papers and explicitly focused on LA and engagement or disengagement within formal higher education settings. 159 studies were included for data extraction within EPPI Reviewer. The findings reveal that LA research overwhelmingly approaches engagement using observable behavioural engagement measures, such as clicks and task duration, with very few studies exploring multiple dimensions of engagement. Ongoing issues with methodological reporting quality were identified, including a lack of detailed contextual information, and recommendations for future research and practice are provided.
The therapeutic effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on symptom severity of psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rossier Alison T. , Hallahan Brian
Published: December 2024

Background

While omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have shown promise as an adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, the overall consensus about their efficacy across studies is still lacking and findings to date are inconclusive. No clinical trials or systematic reviews have yet examined if omega-3 PUFAs are associated with differential levels of efficacy at various stages of psychosis.

Method

A systematic bibliographic search of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effect of omega-3 PUFAs as a monotherapy or adjunctive therapy versus a control group in adults and children at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis, experiencing a first-episode psychosis (FEP), or diagnosed with an established psychotic disorder was conducted. Participants’ clinical symptoms were evaluated using total and subscale scores on validated psychometric scales.

Results

No beneficial effect of omega-3 PUFAs treatment was found in comparison with that of placebo (G = −0.26, 95% CI −0.55 to 0.03, p = 0.08). Treatment of omega-3 PUFAs did not prove any significant improvement in psychopathology in UHR (G = −0.09, 95% CI −0.45 to 0.27, p = 0.63), FEP (G = −1.20, 95% CI −5.63 to 3.22, p = 0.59), or schizophrenia patients (G = −0.17, 95% CI −0.38 to −0.03, p = 0.10).

Conclusion

These findings confirm previous evidence that disputes the original reported findings of the beneficial effect of omega-3 PUFAs in schizophrenia. Furthermore, accumulative evidence of the use of omega-3 as a preventive treatment option in UHR is not supported, suggesting that the need for future studies in this line of research should not be promoted.
Increased Salt-Sensitive Blood Pressure in Women vs Men: Is Relative Hyperaldosteronism the Mechanism?
Authors: Caliskan Guzelce Ezgi , Wong Kelly Yin Han , Heydarpour Mahyar , Pojoga Luminita H , Romero Jose , Williams Jonathan S , Adler Gail K , Seely Ellen W , Williams Gordon H
Published: December 2024

Context

Women vs men have more salt-sensitive blood pressure (SSBP) and higher stimulated aldosterone (ALDO) levels, suggesting that their increased SSBP is secondary to a relative hyper-ALDO state. Contrariwise, men vs women have higher sedentary ALDO levels.

Objective

The present project was designed to address the question are women vs men in a relatively hyper-ALDO state.

Methods

A total of 363 women and 483 men were selected from the HyperPATH cohort to assess the potential underlying mechanism for observed sex differences.

Results

Women had greater SSBP, greater ALDO and vasculature response to angiotensin II (Ang II), and higher upright ALDO/ plasma renin activity, but men on both restricted- and liberal-salt diets had higher basal levels of supine ALDO, PRA levels, and other ALDO secretagogues. Using 24-hour urine ALDOs to assess overall production, ALDO did not differ by sex regardless of salt intake, except when assessed in subsets. Normotensive women vs men had greater urine ALDO, and women vs men younger than 51 had higher urine ALDO.

Conclusion

1) Lower Ang II responsiveness in Ang II–targeted organs was observed in men vs women. 2) Similar 24-hour urine ALDO levels in women and men do not support the concept that relative hyper-ALDO is the mechanism for sex difference in SSBP. The data also suggest that the SSBP in women, in some cases, may be benign since it is secondary to a BP reduction on the restricted-salt diet, not an increase on the liberal-salt diet.
Ectopic Thyrotropin-Secreting Tumor in the Nasopharynx Causing Central Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Phylactou Maria , Dixon Luke , Rennie Catherine , Han Thang , Gaur Jyotsana , Martin Niamh M
Published: December 2024

We report a 31-year-old man with diarrhea and tachycardia. Diagnostic workup confirmed raised free thyroid hormones with unsuppressed thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Laboratory assay and medication interference were excluded. Consistent with a high glycoprotein hormone α-subunit (α-GSU), the α-GSU:TSH molar ratio was increased. However, anterior pituitary panel testing also confirmed an isolated, raised follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (17.3 IU/L; reference range, 1.7-8.0). Therefore, interpretation of α-GSU was limited given the co-existent elevated FSH.

There was no pituitary lesion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and stimulated TSH was 232% of baseline levels following thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation, making a diagnosis of TSH-oma less likely. Genetic analysis revealed no pathogenic variants in the thyroid hormone receptor β gene.

Due to the persistently elevated FSH, a follow-up pituitary MRI was arranged, which identified a nasopharyngeal mass on the floor of the sphenoid sinus, raising the possibility of ectopic pituitary tissue. The patient underwent endoscopic resection of this lesion, with subsequent normalization of free T4, TSH, and FSH within a few weeks. Histology confirmed a plurihormonal pituitary adenoma with staining for TSH, growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, and FSH. This case highlights the biochemical and radiological challenges of diagnosing ectopic TSH-secreting pituitary tumors.
Shared Subjects
Authors: Cohen Rachel
Published: December 2024

In this chapter, Rachel Cohen examines four paintings by Beauford Delaney—Self-Portrait (1944), Untitled (Village Street) (1948), Self Portrait (1962), and The Black Sage (1967)—to consider the relationships between “I’s” and “eyes,” between city streets and self-regard, and among the genres of landscape, portrait, and self-portrait. Drawing insights from Delaney’s own writings, from James Baldwin’s writing about Delaney, and from her own experiences of looking closely at Delaney’s work, Cohen seeks to illuminate what Baldwin learned from Delaney first in Greenwich Village, and then in Clamart, as the two men lived together and worked out their ideas about reflection, abstraction, plurality, and self-regard.
Feeling Modernist
Authors: Prombaum Levi
Published: December 2024

In this chapter, Levi Prombaum shows how Beauford Delaney’s Self-Portrait (1944) is one of the painter’s most assertive announcements of his identity as a modernist, placing him neither outside nor in opposition to European painting traditions but rather working positively from, and reterritorializing, the modernist frequencies into which he taps—an approach that would deeply impact the work of his protégé, James Baldwin. Self-Portrait (1944) presents itself to students of Western European modernism as a series of formal encounters between Delaney’s painterly persona and three central figures of modern painting: Vincent van Gogh, Henri Matisse, and Pablo Picasso. Returning to the painting through affect studies shows how Delaney’s critique of art historical traditions is an outcome of his creative investment in the kind of modernist subjectivity that emphasized the fluidity of interior and exterior, self and other, present and past.
An evolutionary perspective on the relationship between kinetochore size and CENP-E dependence for chromosome alignment
Authors: Almeida Ana C. , Rocha Helder , Raas Maximilian W. D. , Witte Hanh , Sommer Ralf J. , Snel Berend , Kops Geert J. P. L. , Gassmann Reto , Maiato Helder
Published: December 2024

Chromosome alignment during mitosis can occur as a consequence of bi-orientation or is assisted by the CENP-E (kinesin-7) motor at kinetochores. We previously found that Indian muntjac chromosomes with larger kinetochores bi-orient more efficiently and are biased to align in a CENP-E-independent manner, suggesting that CENP-E dependence for chromosome alignment negatively correlates with kinetochore size. Here, we used targeted phylogenetic profiling of CENP-E in monocentric (localized centromeres) and holocentric (centromeres spanning the entire chromosome length) clades to test this hypothesis at an evolutionary scale. We found that, despite being present in common ancestors, CENP-E was lost more frequently in taxa with holocentric chromosomes, such as Hemiptera and Nematoda. Functional experiments in two nematodes with holocentric chromosomes in which a CENP-E ortholog is absent (Caenorhabditis elegans) or present (Pristionchus pacificus) revealed that targeted expression of human CENP-E to C. elegans kinetochores partially rescued chromosome alignment defects associated with attenuated polar-ejection forces, whereas CENP-E inactivation in P. pacificus had no detrimental effects on mitosis and viability. These data showcase the dispensability of CENP-E for mitotic chromosome alignment in species with larger kinetochores.
Bees remain heat tolerant after acute exposure to desiccation and starvation
Authors: Gonzalez Victor H. , Rancher Wesley , Vigil Rylee , Garino-Heisey Isabella , Oyen Kennan , Tscheulin Thomas , Petanidou Theodora , Hranitz John M. , Barthell John F.
Published: December 2024

Organisms may simultaneously face thermal, desiccation and nutritional stress under climate change. Understanding the effects arising from the interactions among these stressors is relevant for predicting organisms' responses to climate change and for developing effective conservation strategies. Using both dynamic and static protocols, we assessed for the first time how sublethal desiccation exposure (at 16.7%, 50.0% and 83.3% of LD50) impacts the heat tolerance of foragers from two social bee species found on the Greek island of Lesbos: the managed European honey bee, Apis mellifera, and the wild, ground-nesting sweat bee Lasioglossum malachurum. In addition, we explored how a short-term starvation period (24 h), followed by a moderate sublethal desiccation exposure (50% of LD50), influences honey bee heat tolerance. We found that neither the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) nor the time to heat stupor was significantly impacted by sublethal desiccation exposure in either species. Similarly, starvation followed by moderate sublethal desiccation did not affect the average CTmax estimate, but it did increase its variance. Our results suggest that sublethal exposure to these environmental stressors may not always lead to significant changes in bees' heat tolerance or increase vulnerability to rapid temperature changes during extreme weather events, such as heat waves. However, the increase in CTmax variance suggests greater variability in individual responses to temperature stress under climate change, which may impact colony-level performance. The ability to withstand desiccation may be impacted by unmeasured hypoxic conditions and the overall effect of these stressors on solitary species remains to be assessed.
Σημασιολογικός ιστός και δημοσιογραφία
Authors: Παναγιωτίδης Κοσμάς
Published: December 2024

Το σημερινό διαδικτυακό τοπίο χαρακτηρίζεται από ορισμένες ασυμμετρίες. Η βιομηχανία ειδήσεων αλλά και ειδικότερα οι δημοσιογράφοι καλούνται να δραστηριοποιηθούν μέσα σε ένα περιβάλλον, όπου η αφθονία των πληροφοριών του διαδικτύου ενώ από τη μια ενισχύει την απόδοσή τους λόγω των προοπτικών και των πλεονεκτημάτων αξιοποίησης του περιεχομένου του, από την άλλη υπονομεύει την λειτουργικότητά τους κατά την εκτέλεση εργασιών όπως αναζήτηση, ανάκτηση, συλλογή και ανάλυση πληροφοριών λόγω του άναρχου τρόπου δημοσίευσης και οργάνωσης των πληροφοριών. Προβάλλεται με αυτό τον τρόπο η ανάγκη επέκτασης των δομών του διαδικτύου και αναβάθμισης των υπηρεσιών του ώστε να καλυφθούν οι ολοένα και περισσότερες ανάγκες των χρηστών. Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή μελετά την εξέλιξη των τεχνολογιών του διαδικτύου σε συνάρτηση με τη δημοσιογραφία και παρουσιάζει την συμβολή του Σημασιολογικού Ιστού και την ανάπτυξη των τεχνολογιών του ως μέρος της λύσης στα εμπόδια που συναντούν οι δημοσιογράφοι κατά την άσκηση των καθηκόντων τους. Απώτερος σκοπός της διατριβής είναι η εξαγωγή χρήσιμων συμπερασμάτων από την μελέτη των υφιστάμενων συνθηκών που θα οδηγήσουν στην κατάθεση ρεαλιστικών προτάσεων αξιοποίησης των σημασιολογικών τεχνολογιών στη δημοσιογραφία, οι οποίες με την σειρά τους θα επιτρέψουν τη διαμόρφωση μιας αντιπροσωπευτικότερης εικόνας για το μέλλον της δημοσιογραφίας. Για τον λόγο αυτό, ερευνάται η ανάπτυξη των τεχνολογιών του Παγκόσμιου Ιστού και του Σημασιολογικού Ιστού και οι προκλήσεις για τη δημοσιογραφία. Ποικίλες θεωρητικές προσεγγίσεις και ευρήματα μελετών επιβεβαιώνουν την αναγκαιότητα βελτίωσης των υφιστάμενων δημοσιογραφικών πρακτικών και ροών εργασίας μέσω της υιοθέτησης καινοτόμων τεχνολογιών. Στη συνέχεια, η συγκέντρωση, κατηγοριοποίηση και αναλυτική περιγραφή περιπτώσεων άσκησης δημοσιογραφίας με σημασιολογικά χαρακτηριστικά, οδηγεί στην θεωρητική κατασκευή του όρου Δημοσιογραφία Σημασιολογικού Ιστού. Ακολούθως με τη χρήση ενός συνδυασμού ποσοτικών και ποιοτικών μεθόδων εξετάζεται αν και με ποιον τρόπο είναι εφικτή η σημασιολογική διαχείριση περιεχομένου Συμμετοχικής δημοσιογραφίας. Προς αυτή την κατεύθυνση πραγματοποιείται η σχεδίαση, ανάπτυξη και αξιολόγηση μιας διαδικτυακής πλατφόρμας υποβολής, επεξεργασίας, ελέγχου και δημοσίευσης περιεχομένου χρηστών. Τέλος, στο πλαίσιο της διατριβής προτείνετε ένα θεωρητικό μοντέλο συστάσεων αξιοποίησης προηγμένων τεχνολογιών για την άσκηση δημοσιογραφίας στο πλαίσιο του Σημασιολογικού Ιστού, έπειτα από μελέτη και αξιολόγηση συγκεκριμένων χαρακτηριστικών.
Protocol for conducting a scoping review on the influence of low-stakes assessment on student learning in medical education
Authors: Zafar Imran , Schuwirth Lamburt , Waller Susan , Filho Carvalho , Magzoub Mohi Eldin
Published: December 2024

Rationale and Background Low-stakes assessments enhance student learning outcomes by providing a comprehensive view of performance and promoting competency-based education. Multiple low-stakes assessments encourage continuous learning and incorporate formative feedback for a realistic and long-term environment. Diverse assessment methods ensure psychometric rigor, utility and a programmatic assessment approach with multiple data points affording high-stakes decisions on progression. Objective This scoping review aims to systematically identify and map existing literature on the use of low-stakes assessments in medical education and determine their impact on student learning outcomes in terms of, motivation and engagement achievements/competencies. Methods and Analysis The review will use the Joanna Briggs Institute’s framework for scoping review studies, searching eight databases and grey literature. A presearch will be done in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using terms related to low-stakes assessment, formative assessment, continuous assessment, and programmatic assessment within the context of medical education. The Covidence Systematic Review tool will aid in screening and conflict resolution. The reference lists of included studies will be checked manually for other relevant literature. Two research team members will independently screen and extract data, resolving discrepancies with a third team member. Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be refined iteratively based on key research themes. The review will follow PRISMA-P guidelines, focusing on the impact of low-stakes assessment on student learning in medical education. Ethics and dissemination No ethical approval is required as all data will be collected from published and grey literature. Findings will be disseminated at relevant conferences and submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.
Cable Interference Analysis of Gas Insulated Substation Based on Domain Decomposition Method-Multilevel Fast Multipole Algorithm
Authors: Mueed Abdul , Tang Weiqiang , Asif Muhammad , Ma Rui
Published: December 2024

To explore cable interference in gas insulated substations (GIS), this paper proposes a reliable and efficient computational approach. The hybrid domain decomposition method-multilevel fast multipole algorithm (DDM-MLFMA) is presented herein. This technique determines the specifications of GIS cables for RG58 and AWG23. Self and mutual interference are identified utilizing very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO) transient interference signal.This hybrid technique offers a numerical simulation to replicate the impact of the VFTO interference signal. Utilizing the matrix-vector multiplication (MVX) product to address compression and approximation challenges, the hybrid approach proves reliable and pragmatic. Because of its computational nature and explicit factorization reduction, this strategy reduces computation time and memory requirements. Consequently, the system’s complexity follows a linear trend under this proposed approach. The computed results are juxtaposed with traditional methodologies to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Small scale genetic structure of striped snakehead, Channa striata in the river and swampy areas of the south region of Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: SETYANINGRUM NUNING , LESTARI W. , NURYANTO AGUS
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Setyaningrum N, Lestari W, Nuryanto A. 2024. Small scale genetic structure of striped snakehead, Channa striata in the river and swampy areas of the south region of Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2959-2966. This study focuses on the exploration and characterization of Channa striata population in swampy areas located in south-central Java, Indonesia, specifically in the regencies of Purworejo, Kebumen, Banyumas, and Cilacap. These regions are known for their diverse and unique ecosystems, making them ideal sites for ecological research. Fragmented populations of Channa striata are observed in the aquatic ecosystems of south-central Java, Indonesia. However, research on C. striata in swampy areas of south-central Java has not been conducted yet. Evaluating the genetic structure of the striped snakehead is a crucial endeavor that can be accomplished through the analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene. Therefore, this research aims to estimate the genetic diversity and differentiation among C. striata populations. This study analyzed 74 specimen of C. striata collected from Keburuan, Karangbolong, Jatijajar, Sumpiuh, and Kedungreja in south-central Java. The used marker has moderate haplotype diversity (0.541±0.065) but low nucleotide diversity (0.0025±0.0017). Haplotype diversity within the population ranges from low (0.151±0.093) to high (0.833±0.222), while all populations showed low nucleotide diversity (0.0006±0.0008 to 0.0037±0.0030). Through the analysis of genetic markers, striped snakehead (C. striata) populations can be categorized into three distinct groups. The findings revealed that population fragmentation has resulted in reduced genetic diversity and localized population structuring in the river and swampy areas of south-central Java. These results highlight the importance of separate management strategies for each population to ensure their conservation and sustainable management.
Assessing the relationship between coral cover and coral recruitment in the degraded ecosystems of Sempu Nature Reserve, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: ISDIANTO ANDIK , WIBOWO RIDHA AYU , KUDRATI AMELINDA VIVIAN , ALIVIYANTI DIAN , ASADI MUHAMMAD ARIF , DEWI CITRA SATRYA UTAMA , SETYANTO ARIEF , LELONO TRI DJOKO , TUMULYADI AGUS , HIDAYAH LISA NUR , FATHAH AULIA LANUDIA , PUTRI BERLANIA MAHARDIKA , WARDANA NOVAR KURNIA , SUPRIYADI SUPRIYADI , LUTHFI OKTIYAS MUZAKY
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Isdianto A, Wibowo RA, Kudrati AV, Aliviyanti D, Asadi MA, Dewi CSU, Setyanto A, Lelono TD, Tumulyadi A, Hidayah LN, Fathah AL, Putri BM, Wardana NK, Supriyadi, Luthfi OM. 2024. Assessing the relationship between coral cover and coral recruitment in the degraded ecosystems of Sempu Nature Reserve, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3075-3083. The long-term survival of coral ecosystems requires the existence of coral recruitment variables that function as agents for future coral generations. The efficacy of this recruitment is crucial for the coral ecology in Sempu Waters, which is renowned for its ongoing loss in coverage. This research aims to determine hard coral cover, the number of coral recruits, and the correlation between hard coral cover and the number of coral recruits. Data was collected using the underwater photo transect method, a widely accepted and reliable technique for assessing coral cover and diversity, at five research stations during 3 observation periods (December 2022, February 2023, and April 2023) and then analyzed using pearson correlation to determine the relationship between the percentage of coral cover and the number of coral recruits. The results show that the coral cover of the Sempu Strait is classified as damaged and has decreased for 3 consecutive months, namely 14.28, 13.92, and 12.57%, and only 22 coral recruits were found in total with 6 identified genera, including Seriatopora, Porites, Pocillopora, Goniastrea, Pavona, and Acropora. The correlation between hard coral cover and coral recruits shows a positive relationship and a fragile level of closeness (r = 0.1119). The availability of stable substrates for recruitment, such as Dead Coral with Algae (DCA), Dead Coral (DC), and Rock (RK), can increase the potential for successful recruitment. However, coral recruits in the Sempu Strait also face competition from other biota, such as macroalgae and adult corals themselves.
Manuales de lengua rusa bajo la mirada de la censura franquista
Authors: García Sala Iván
Published: December 2024

Durante años el franquismo justificó la guerra civil como una cruzada contra el comunismo internacional, de aquí que la censura tratara con especial atención las publicaciones relacionadas con lo ruso y lo soviético. Cuando a finales de los años cuarenta España empezó a salir de la autarquía y entro a formar parte del bloque capitalista, el ruso se consideró una lengua estratégica y se autorizó su estudio. Como consecuencia, empezaron a publicarse manuales de lengua rusa. La censura revisaba estos textos y solo los autorizaba si no detectaba propaganda soviética en ellos. Estos expedientes de censura, conservados en el Archivo General de la Administración, son el objeto de estudio del presente artículo. En él se hace una revisión sumaria de la historia de la enseñanza del ruso antes de la guerra civil y durante el franquismo, así como de los manuales que se utilizaron. Se analiza con detalle los expedientes de dos de los manuales más problemáticos para los censores a partir de los años cincuenta, A new Russian Grammar, de Anna Semeonoff y Manual breve de lengua rusa de Nina Potápova, para concluir que fueron las circunstancias históricas y editoriales las que forzaron a la censura a autorizarlos.
La «rivalidad» entre Isidora Rufete y Juan Bou: reflexiones sobre el «buenazo» de La desheredada
Authors: Piqueres Llopis Mónica
Published: December 2024

El estudio se centra en una de las figuras menos analizadas de La desheredada, Juan Bou; un personaje que siempre se ha considerado secundario, cuyo único propósito es el de ser el máximo representante de la clase obrera en esta novela de Pérez Galdós. Sin embargo, realizando un análisis detallado del personaje, llevado a cabo también mediante la comparación con Isidora Rufete, la gran protagonista de la novela, se pretende poner en cuestión esta consideración. Y es que, a pesar de aparecer de forma completa únicamente en la Segunda Parte de La desheredada, no solo se aprecia en él una compleja psicología y profundidad moral, sino que se mostrará como llega a ser un eslabón fundamental en la segunda sección de la obra, siendo, incluso, su coprotagonista. ¿De verdad Pérez Galdós acaba condenando a los dos personajes, tal y como aseguran críticos como Sotelo Vázquez?
Características psicosociales de estudiantes universitarios dominicanos en un escenario post COVID-19
Authors: Zerpa García Carlos Enrique , Rodriguez-Montoya Cristobal , Frías Diana , De Castro Raquel
Published: December 2024

El objetivo de la investigación fue caracterizar psicosocialmente a estudiantes universitarios de República Dominica (N = 333, M = 20.44, D.T. = 14.83, 70 % mujeres) en las dimensiones Depresión, Ansiedad, Estrés, satisfacción con la vida y resiliencia económica. Se emplearon los instrumentos DASS-21, Escala de satisfacción con la vida y una escala experimental de resiliencia económica, todas adaptadas al contexto local. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre los géneros en las dimensiones medidas y en cuanto a áreas de conocimiento, estado civil y nivel de los estudios, concluyéndose que persisten condiciones desfavorables en estas variables para el retorno a la presencialidad que hacen fundamentalmente más vulnerables a las mujeres estudiantes que a los hombres, en la actual era postpandemia.
Ciberviolencia en parejas adolescentes y jóvenes: prevalencia y diferencias en función del sexo, la edad, el número de parejas y el nivel de estudios
Authors: DE LOS REYES MERA VERÓNICA
Published: December 2024

Este estudio analiza la prevalencia de la ciberviolencia y la cibervicitmización en parejas adolescentes y jóvenes y las diferencias en función del sexo, la edad, el número de parejas y el nivel de estudios. La muestra de conveniencia y compuesta por 984 personas, que cursaban Bachiller, Grados de Formación Profesional y universitarios. La media de edad fue de 20.61 años. Las personas participantes completaron la Escala de Violencia de Pareja en las Redes Sociales en Adolescentes (E-VPA) y un cuestionario Ad Hoc. Los resultados indicaron que 53.4% había ejercido ciberviolencia y el 45.8% la había sufrido. Se hallaron diferencias significativas en relación al sexo, al número y al nivel de estudios, pero no en función de la edad. En conclusión, la ciberviolencia es un problema social que afecta a cada vez más personas adolescentes y jóvenes por lo que se hace necesario seguir analizando este fenómeno para poder prevenirlo.
¿Cuándo es plaga? Consideraciones de la condición de plaga de los jabalíes en Cataluña
Authors: Moreno Sarah
Published: December 2024

Los jabalíes son animales que pueden comprenderse como una plaga por los daños que hacen a la agricultura en muchas partes del mundo. Más allá de algo molesto y dañino, plaga es una condición emergente en la que cualquier criatura humana o no humana puede convertirse. En este artículo propongo analizar cómo la condición de plaga de los jabalíes se relaciona con las transformaciones del paisaje, desde una maraña de relaciones entre seres humanos y no humanos, en dos distintos contextos de Cataluña: en el urbano de Barcelona y en el rural del Montsec. La transformación del paisaje es responsable por influir directamente en el aumento poblacional de los jabalíes y su conversión en plaga. Esto abre la posibilidad de pensar esas transformaciones como perturbaciones. Para comprender el concepto de plaga, propongo que la pregunta que debe ser hecha sea en términos temporales, y no de esencia. Preguntarse cuándo es plaga, en vez de qué es plaga, nos permite comprender el carácter mutable y circunstancial del concepto.
El agua es estratégica para la lucha: mujeres, minería y defensa del territorio en Tlamanca, Puebla
Authors: Vázquez García Verónica , Valdez-Rodríguez Mayra Denisse
Published: December 2024

Este artículo analiza los motivos de las mujeres de Tlamanca, Puebla, para movilizarse en contra de la mina La Lupe, así como las formas que tomó su participación en la lucha. Los datos fueron obtenidos a través de entrevistas, un taller y una encuesta. Destacan dos hallazgos. Primero, el interés de las mujeres de involucrarse en la defensa del territorio emanó de su necesidad de tener agua para labores agrícolas y de cuidado. Segundo, las mujeres están poco representadas en espacios de toma de decisiones; su participación se concentra en asambleas y marchas. Se concluye resaltando la importancia de promover formas más incluyentes de organización en todos los aspectos de la vida comunitaria para avanzar en la defensa del territorio en condiciones de igualdad de género.
Literacidad crítica; arte urbano y Educación Visual y Plástica
Authors: Revilla Carrasco Alfonso , Ursúa Astrain Raúl
Published: December 2024

Árboles cromáticos es un proyecto desarrollado en el aula de Educación Visual y Plástica de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y de la Educación de la Universidad de Zaragoza, en colaboración con el proyecto educativo POCTEFA MIGAP, fondos FEDER y el área de Cultura del Ayuntamiento de Huesca. El proyecto tiene como eje vertebrador la literacidad crítica y la educación artística como un medio para fomentar la democratización del arte y la intervención social a través del Street Art y el Land Art. Desde este marco, se llevó a cabo una instalación didáctica en el jardín botánico de Huesca, utilizando el color como herramienta para reivindicar y recuperar un espacio en desuso, conectando la práctica artística con nuevos contextos docentes que promueven la reflexión crítica entre la ciudadanía. Los resultados muestran como el alumnado ha resituado la Educación Artística dentro del ámbito del compromiso social.
Vertebración axiológica del Derecho mercantil a través de la alegoría artística: de la "Alegoría del Comercio" (s. XIX) al Derecho mercantil actual (s. XXI)
Authors: Huerta Viesca María Isabel
Published: December 2024

El conocimiento de la regulación jurídica del mundo comercial es un factor determinante del progreso y del bienestar económico, social y cultural de las personas y las comunidades. Conocer los valores esenciales de este sector del Derecho privado permitirá a los ciudadanos comprender el sentido general de las leyes, que siempre deben estar inspiradas en esos valores, y propiciará que puedan defender sus derechos en cada caso concreto con criterio y seguridad jurídica. Se propone un acercamiento a esos valores constantes con un enfoque metodológico pionero, a través de la obra pictórica de Francisco de Goya y Lucientes titulada Alegoría del Comercio (hacia 1804).
Measuring the skills of university students in the Education career using Artificial Intelligence: right brain vs left brain with structural equation models
Authors: Archi Maulyda Mohammad , Sugiman Sugiman , Wuryandani Wuri , Amaruddin Hidar , Pajarungi Anar Ashar
Published: December 2024

This research uses an explanatory quantitative design with a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach to test whether left or right brain dominance affects the skills of preservice teachers in using artificial intelligence (AI). Participants in this research were 342 students majoring in multidisciplinary education (preservice teachers). The distribution of participant data reflects variations in these aspects, which aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the factors that have the potential to influence students' skills in using AI. This research highlights that students with left-brain dominance show superior abilities in using AI technology compared to students with right-brain dominance. This is shown by the factor loading value on the d60 path which reached 0.98, indicating the high representational power of students with left brain dominance in mastering AI. These findings have a significant impact on approaches to technology education in universities. First, these results can encourage the development of curricula that place more emphasis on analytical and logical skills for all students, as well as introducing creative elements that can attract the interest of students with right-brain dominance. Thus, educational programs can be designed to accommodate both types of brain dominance, ensuring that students receive comprehensive and balanced training. Additionally, these findings highlight the need for universities to create inclusive and supportive learning environments, especially for women who may face gender stereotypes that hinder their participation in STEM fields.
Affective Acoustic Territories: Mapping and performing Disappearance in Zona clausurada Sombra (2022) by Teatro Línea de
Authors: Baker Christina
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT: On August 14, 2012, driving along what has become known as Mexico’s “Carretera de la Muerte,” Milynali Pérez, her three cousins, her uncle, and their car all disappeared as they approached Ciudad Mante, Tamaulipas. Since that day, Graciela Pérez, Milynali’s mother, has arduously searched for answers and her daughter’s remains, becoming one of Mexico’s numerous buscadores . Moved by her story, Teatro Línea de Sombra (TLS) created Zona clausurada (2022) to relate the ruptured genealogies that have devastated Graciela’s family, as well as myriad families in Tamaulipas and the nation. Emphasizing the sounds Graciela associates with Milynali’s life and silences that characterize her disappearance, the performance-installation underscores the power of sound to affect us physically and emotionally. Employing what I call an acoustic affective map, I analyze how auditory recordings of search efforts, artistic prerecorded and live voices, and vocal interpretations of songs from Graciela’s personal Spotify playlist remap affective triggers.
How Maduro Stole Venezuela's Vote
Authors: Corrales Javier , Kronick Dorothy
Published: December 2024

Abstract: On July 28 of last year, an opposition candidate defeated Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro at the polls—and then used the government's own voting technology to prove it. Yet Maduro remains in power. We explain why an elected autocrat would choose transparent, auditable vote-counting technology. Hugo Chávez, Maduro's predecessor, installed this technology when he was popular and needed to defend real electoral returns against false accusations of fraud. Maduro maintained the technology even as he lost popular support, because military loyalty provided insurance: When he actually won an election, transparent vote-counting rendered his victory maximally legitimizing; when he lost, he stayed in office anyway. We argue that Venezuela's vote-counting technology nonetheless holds promise for prodemocracy forces across the globe.
How Covid Changed Latin America
Authors: Kaplan Oliver , Albertus Michael , Senior-Angulo Diana , Flores-Macías Gustavo
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Covid-19 was a pressure test for democracy in Latin America. The pandemic hit the region harder than any other in the world, particularly in terms of covid death rates and rising poverty. The pandemic also created opportunities to consolidate and abuse power, resulting in selective human-rights repression, power grabs, militarization, and corruption. But the effects were not uniformly negative. The pandemic also prompted renewed economic-crisis management, social mobilization, and local checks to central power. Drawing on the experiences of countries such as Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Mexico, and Peru, this essay illustrates that although the pandemic strained democratic politics, good pandemic management may have stemmed democratic decay. New forms of mobilization and policy implementation emerged, as well as new openings for political challengers that will shape the coming decade of governance in the region.
Resisting the Authoritarian Temptation
Authors: Lazar Nomi Claire , Wallace Jeremy
Published: December 2024

Abstract: The failures of democracies and democratic institutions in meeting climate challenges have led some scholars and activists to question whether democracy is functional at all in this new world. While some scholars and activists claim that democracy's failures in addressing climate change justify authoritarian governance, these arguments rely on empirical, conceptual, and normative confusions. The authors argue that democracies actually perform better than authoritarian regimes in addressing climate challenges, and possess unique resources for climate action through institutional flexibility, accountability, and information flows. This essay warns that trading away democratic governance for authoritarian control would be a grave mistake, as democracy's specific strengths become even more critical in times of crisis.
Confronting Our Common Enemy
Authors: Hafner-Burton Emilie , Mildenberger Matto , Ross Michael , Schneider Christina
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Lazar and Wallace make a compelling case that, although climate disasters undercut democratic legitimacy, "authoritarianism is not the answer." The authors of this essay agree, but do not view regime type as the primary constraint on climate-policy outcomes. Here, the authors draw on research on political institutions and climate policy to highlight two overlooked features of the conversation. First, even if democracy is better on average in addressing climate change, there is a lot of variation: Procarbon interests can capture the process in both autocracies and democracies, sometimes to very similar degrees. Second, there are dangerous feedback effects between climate change and democracy, because climate-induced instability can destabilize democracies, reduce the likelihood that green policies will work, and even prompt repression.
Negotiation and Innovation: Artillery Technology, Ethnicity, and Formation of the Hanjun
Authors: Chung Yan Hon Michael
Published: December 2024

Abstract: This article retraces the formation of the Hanjun Eight Banners – one of the three ethnic branches of the Qing Eight Banners system. Unlike most studies on the Eight Banners, which look from an imperial perspective, this study shifts the focus from the Manchu ruling house to the Han subjects, who were mostly bondservants in pre-conquest Qing times. Despite their servitude, these Han subjects, fully aware of the Qing’s need for the artillery knowledge they possessed, actively negotiated with the Qing court for socio-political privileges. This decade-long negotiation, centered around artillery technology, eventually led to the creation of the Hanjun Eight Banners. The negotiation approach highlights the historical agency of the subjugated ethnic group and demonstrates the extent and the limits of state power in devising its ethnic policies. It challenges the conventional notion that the Qing tactfully exploited ethnic differences to rule its vast and diverse subjects. It also demonstrates that the Qing’s flexibility in negotiating and compromising with different ethnic groups was key to its rapid rise in the seventeenth century.
The Black Speculative Tradition
Authors: Morris Susana M.
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Far too often the speculative novel is erroneously understood as a primarily white and Western literary tradition; however, the truth is far more complex and interesting. While this intervention is well known in certain academic circles, thanks to literary historians like Isiah Lavender and Lisa Yaszek, those who do not study speculative fiction are often ignorant of the genre's actual history. This essay debunks this common inaccuracy in key ways. Foregrounding the work of authors from Martin Delany and Pauline Hopkins to Octavia E. Butler and Rivers Solomon, among others, this essay highlights that there has been a long history of Black speculative novels in the United States going back to the nineteenth century and that the contemporary Black speculative novel is built upon this robust literary tradition.