bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Britânico na sociedade de Buenos Aires (1804-1810)
Authors: Flores Roberto Dante
Published: October 2011

As duas invasões inglesas do Río de la Plata (1806/7) trouxeram consequências de vários tipos: políticas, econômicas e demográficas. Vemos que constituíram uma ruptura, uma espécie de dobradiça histórica entre dois momentos. Contribuíram para a transição de uma sociedade colonial - regulada pela Espanha - para outra politicamente independente, mas comercialmente dependente da Grã-Bretanha. E, demograficamente, mais cosmopolita. No entanto, esses três aspectos estão intimamente ligados e nos parece necessário realizar um trabalho onde eles apareçam juntos, para mostrar uma realidade social mais completa. Nosso artigo tomará como eixo histórico as invasões inglesas do Río de la Plata e a matriz de dados serão os padrões da população de Buenos Aires durante 1804, 1806/7 e 1810. Durante nossa pesquisa buscaremos responder ao seguinte perguntas: 1) ¿ Com que propósito os ingleses vieram para Buenos Aires? 2) Que atividades realizaram? 3) Quais eram suas ligações com a sociedade portenha?
O lugar dos trabalhadores portuários na história do trabalho (Argentina, 1880-1930)
Authors: Ciancaglini Natalia Paula Fanduzzi
Published: October 2011

Este artigo investiga os trabalhadores portuários na Argentina no período 1880-1930 na produção historiográfica. Seu objetivo é traçar um estado da questão que sintetize as informações dispersas, evidenciando o que foi escrito e seu tratamento de acordo com os diferentes contextos de produção atuais. A importância dos trabalhadores portuários na formação do movimento trabalhista argentino é amplamente reconhecida; no entanto, até agora seu conhecimento não foi sistematizado em nível nacional na perspectiva da história dos trabalhadores. Nesse sentido, propomos uma agenda preliminar de trabalho para pesquisas futuras.
Dom Samuel Ruiz García em Chiapas: do anticomunismo à Teologia Indígena (1960-1968)
Authors: Andreo Igor Luis
Published: October 2011

Este artigo parte do objetivo de apresentar o papel de conscientização étnico-política desempenhado pela Teologia da Libertação entre comunidades indígenas do estado de Chiapas (México), concentrando-se na tentativa de compreensão das especificidades político-teológicas assumidas pela diocese localizada na cidade de San Cristóbal de las Casas sob o bispado de Samuel Ruiz García – que se iniciou em 1960. Para realizar tal tarefa procurou-se acompanhar aspectos do processo de transformações do pensamento sócio-teológico de Samuel Ruiz e também das transformações pelas quais a Igreja católica passou no período – enfocando os setores com os quais Samuel Ruiz manteve relações mais estreitas – com intuito de compreender como o entrelaçamento entre diversos fatores resultou nas opções adotadas pelo bispo de San Cristóbal.
SER imigrante, ESTAR colono: o processo de transformação dos imigrantes em colonos na Província do Paraná
Authors: Nishikawa Reinaldo Benedito
Published: October 2011

O presente artigo pretende analisar os mecanismos utilizados na Província do Paraná na segunda metade do século XIX para converter os imigrantes europeus que desembarcavam no Paraná em cidadãos paranaenses. Sendo assim, a idéia do governo paranaense era fixar os imigrantes e transformá-los em colonos.
Public Health Laboratories and Radiological Readiness
Authors: Latshaw Megan Weil , Mangal Chris , Barkey Anthony , McNamara Doug , Kim Deborah , Pierson Jennifer Beck
Published: October 2011

Objective: To document the ability of public health laboratories to respond to radiological emergencies.

Methods: The Association of Public Health Laboratories developed, distributed, and analyzed two separate surveys of public health laboratories representing the 50 US states and major nonstate jurisdictions. The 2009 All-Hazards Laboratory Preparedness Survey examined overall laboratory capability and capacity, with a subset of questions on radiation preparedness. A 2011 survey focused exclusively on radiation readiness.

Results: The 50 state and District of Columbia public health laboratories responded to the 2009 All-Hazards Laboratory Preparedness Survey, representing a 98% response rate. In addition to the above laboratories, environmental and agricultural laboratories responded to the 2011 Radiation Capabilities Survey, representing a 76% response rate. Twenty-seven percent of the All-Hazards Survey respondents reported the ability to measure radionuclides in clinical specimens; 6% reported that another state agency or department accepted and analyzed these samples via a radioanalytical method. Of the Radiation Capabilities Survey respondents, 60% reported the ability to test environmental samples, such as air, soil, or surface water, for radiation; 48% reported the ability to test nonmilk food samples; 47% reported the ability to test milk; and 56% reported sending data for drinking water to the Environmental Protection Agency.

Conclusions: Survey data reveal serious gaps in US radiological preparedness. In 2007, federal experts estimated it would take more than 4 years to screen 100 000 individuals for radiation exposure and 6 years to test environmental samples from a large-scale radiological emergency, relying on existing laboratory assets. Although some progress has been made since 2007, public health laboratory radiological test capabilities and capacities remain insufficient to respond to a major event. Adequate preparation requires significant new investment to build and enhance laboratory emergency response networks, as well as investments in the broader public health system in which public health laboratories function.

(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:213-217)
Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Sensing Platform: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Liu Rui , Cai Yuankun , Park Joong‐Mok , Ho Kai‐Ming , Shinar Joseph , Shinar Ruth
Published: October 2011

The organic light‐emitting diode (OLED)‐based sensing platform is gaining momentum due to unique attributes of the compact OLEDs that are used as excitation sources. This paper, however, points to issues related to this sensing platform that will affect many (bio)chemical sensing applications, in particular in photoluminescence (PL)‐based sensors operated in the advantageous time domain, where pulsed OLEDs are utilized. The issues are related to the post‐pulse electroluminescence (EL) profile, i.e., transient EL, which depends on the OLED materials and structure, and to the long‐wavelength tail of the typically broad‐band EL spectrum. Depending on materials and device structure, the transient EL may exhibit spikes peaking at ∼100–200 ns and μs‐long tails. As shown, these interfere with the determination of PL decay times (that are related to analyte concentrations) of sensing elements. The results also indicate that the long‐wavelength tail of the EL spectrum contributes to the interfering post‐pulse μs‐long EL tail. Hence, it is shown that the choice of OLED materials, the use of microcavity (μC) OLEDs with tunable, narrower EL bands, and the use of UV OLEDs alleviate these issues, resulting in more reliable data analysis. Furthermore, a 2‐D uniform 2 μm‐pitch microlens array that was previously used for improving light extraction from the OLEDs (J.‐M. Park et al., Optics Express 2011, 19, A786) is used for directional PL scattering toward the photodetector, which leads to a ∼2.1–3.8 fold enhancement of the PL signal. This behavior is shown for oxygen sensing, which is the basis for sensing of bioanalytes such as glucose, lactate, ethanol, cholesterol, and uric acid.
C3‐Symmetrical Cinchonine‐Squaramide as New Highly Efficient, and Recyclable Organocatalyst for Enantioselective Michael Addition
Authors: Min Chang , Han Xin , Liao Zongquan , Wu Xiangfei , Zhou Hai‐Bing , Dong Chune
Published: October 2011

A novel and recyclable catalyst, a C3‐symmetrical cinchonine‐squaramide, has been developed for the asymmetric Michael addition of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds to nitroalkenes. When using only 1 mol% of catalyst 1a for the reaction, high reaction yields with excellent enantioselectivities and diastereoselectivities (up to 96% yield,>99% ee,>99:1 dr) were achieved, in which the results for cyclic keto esters are the best ever achieved. Moreover, 1a can be easily recovered by simple precipitation and was used for six cycles without losing any selectivity and activity.
Carbon dioxide absorption by monoethanolamine in hollow fiber membrane contactors: A parametric investigation
Authors: Boucif Noureddine , Corriou Jean Pierre , Roizard Denis , Favre Eric
Published: October 2011

A mathematical and numerical investigations on the gas–liquid absorption of carbon dioxide in monoethanolamine solutions in a hollow fiber membrane contactor device is described. The reactive absorption mechanism was built based on momentum and mass transport conservation laws in all three compartments involved in the process, i.e., the gas phase, the membrane barrier, and the liquid phase. The liquid absorbing solution flows in the fiber bore in which the velocity is assumed to obey a fully developed laminar flow, and the gas mixture circulates counter‐currently to the liquid flow in the shell side where the velocity is characterized by the Navier‐Stokes momentum balance equations. The average outlet gas and liquid concentrations, the reactive absorption flux, and the gas removal efficiencies are parametrically simulated with operational parameters such as gas flow rate, fresh inlet amine concentrations, and fiber geometrical characteristics. The shell velocity was described by other flow hydrodynamics models besides Navier‐Stokes and their simulated results were favorably compared to experimental data. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Cleft palate and ADULT phenotype in a patient with a novel TP63 mutation suggests lumping of EEC/LM/ADULT syndromes into a unique entity: ELA syndrome
Authors: Prontera Paolo , Garelli Emanuela , Isidori Ilenia , Mencarelli Amedea , Carando Adriana , Silengo Margherita Cirillo , Donti Emilio
Published: October 2011

Acro‐dermato‐ungual‐lacrimal‐tooth (ADULT) syndrome is a rare condition belonging to the group of ectodermal dysplasias caused by TP63 mutations. Its clinical phenotype is similar to ectrodactyly‐ectodermal dysplasia‐cleft lip/palate (EEC) and limb‐mammary syndrome (LMS), and differs from these disorders mainly by the absence of cleft lip and/or palate. We report on a 39‐year‐old patient who was found to be heterozygous for a c.401G > T (p.Gly134Val) de novo mutation of TP63. This patient had the ADULT phenotype associated with cleft palate. Our findings, rather than extend the clinical spectrum of ADULT syndrome, suggest that cleft palate can no longer be considered an element for differential diagnosis for ADULT, EEC, and LMS. Our data, added to other reports on overlapping phenotypes, support the combining of these three phenotypes into a unique entity that we propose to call “ELA syndrome,” which is an acronym of ectrodactyly‐ectodermal dysplasia‐cleft lip and palate, limb‐mammary, and ADULT syndromes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MYT1L is a candidate gene for intellectual disability in patients with 2p25.3 (2pter) deletions
Authors: Stevens Servi J.C. , van Ravenswaaij‐Arts Conny M.A. , Janssen Jannie W.H. , Klein Wassink‐Ruiter Jolien S. , van Essen Anthonie J. , Dijkhuizen Trijnie , van Rheenen Jeroen , Heuts‐Vijgen Regina , Stegmann Alexander P.A. , Smeets Eric E.J.G.L. , Engelen John J.M.
Published: October 2011

A partial deletion of chromosome band 2p25.3 (2pter) is a rarely described cytogenetic aberration in patients with intellectual disability (ID). Using microarrays we identified deletions of 2p25.3, sized 0.37–3.13 Mb, in three adult siblings and three unrelated patients. All patients had ID, obesity or overweight and/or a square‐shaped stature without overt facial dysmorphic features. Combining our data with phenotypic and genotypic data of three patients from the literature we defined the minimal region of overlap which contained one gene, i.e., MYT1L. MYT1L is highly transcribed in the mouse embryonic brain where its expression is restricted to postmitotic differentiating neurons. In mouse‐induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) models, MYT1L is essential for inducing functional mature neurons. These resemble excitatory cortical neurons of the forebrain, suggesting a role for MYT1L in development of cognitive functions. Furthermore, MYT1L can directly convert human fibroblasts into functional neurons in conjunction with other transcription factors. MYT1L duplication was previously reported in schizophrenia, indicating that the gene is dosage‐sensitive and that shared neurodevelopmental pathways may be affected in ID and schizophrenia. Finally, deletion of MYT1, another member of the Myelin Transcription Factor family involved in neurogenesis and highly similar to MYT1L, was recently described in ID as well. The identification of MYT1L as candidate gene for ID justifies further molecular studies aimed at detecting mutations and for mechanistic studies on its role in neuron development and on neuropathogenic effects of haploinsufficiency. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The genetics of antipsychotic induced tremors: A genome‐wide pathway analysis on the STEP‐BD SCP sample
Authors: Drago Antonio , Crisafulli Concetta , Serretti Alessandro
Published: October 2011

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are associated with antipsychotic treatment. The exact definition of the genetic variants that influence the antipsychotic induced EPS would dramatically increase the quality of antipsychotic prescriptions. We investigated this issue in a subsample of the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP‐BD). Four hundred nine manic patients were treated with antipsychotics and had complete clinical and genetic data. Outcome was an item of the Clinical Monitoring Form which scored tremors from 0 to 4 at each clinical visit. Visits were scheduled according to clinical issues, based on a naturalistic approach. A genomic inflation factor of 1.017 resulted after genetic quality control. Single SNPs GWAS (Plink) and molecular pathway GWAS were conducted (SNP ratio test, KEGG depository). No single SNP reached GWAS significance level of association. Molecular pathways related to cell survival events and lipid synthesis were significantly associated with antipsychotic induced EPS (P = 0.0009 for Hsa04512, Hsa01031, Hsa00230, Hsa04510, Hsa03320, Hsa04930, and Hsa04115; P = 0.0019 for Hsa04020 and Hsa00561). This finding was consistent with previous GWAS studies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contrasted effect of CO on the metal‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of O‐tethered enynes derived from monoterpenes
Authors: Fuente‐Hernàndez Ariadna , Costes Philippe , Kalck Philippe , Jáuregui‐Haza Ulises , Dechy‐Cabaret Odile , Urrutigoïty Martine
Published: October 2011

The CO‐bubbling effect in cycloisomerization reactions of enynes derived from monoterpenes has been studied using PtCl2, [Rh2Cl2(CO)4] and AuCl3 as catalytic systems. All the precursors are efficient catalysts for the cycloisomerization of O‐tethered enynes. The reaction proceeds through exo‐dig and endo‐dig pathways, which are consistent with the exclusive coordination of the alkyne triple bond to the metal center. The CO ligand not only increases the reaction rates but also induces significant variations in the two reaction pathways. Notably, this effect is also strongly dependent on the nature of the starting enyne. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silicone‐based hydrogels prepared by interpenetrating polymer network synthesis: Swelling properties and confinements effects on the formation kinetics
Authors: Alizadeh Mina , Abbasi Farhang , Farahi Maryam , Jalili Kiyumars
Published: October 2011

In this work, interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and poly(acrylic acid) or poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) have been synthesized employing a sequential method. Monomeric AAc or HEMA was introduced into the PDMS network by swelling the polymer in solutions of monomer. The polymerization of monomers was then conducted in the swollen network. The swelling properties of the IPNs were investigated by varying the monomer concentrations in the polymerization and more swelling was observed with low monomer concentrations due to the prevalence of cyclization reactions. Multi‐step polymerization used to achieve IPNs with high hydrogel contents, did not improve their water uptake. The kinetics of acrylic acid polymerization was studied under various conditions. Specifically, in the presence of confinement effects imposed by the PDMS network a considerable drop in the rate of reaction was observed. The cross‐linking density of the PDMS network was also studied how to affect the reaction rate. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis, Molecular Modelling and Biological Evaluation of 4‐Amino‐2(1H)‐quinazolinone and 2,4(1H,3H)‐Quinazolidone Derivatives as Antitumor Agents
Authors: Richter Stephanie , Gioffreda Barbara
Published: October 2011

A series of 6‐benzoyl‐, 6‐arylthio‐ and 6‐arylsulfonyl‐4‐amino‐2(1H)‐quinazolinones and ‐2,4(1H,3H)‐quinazolinediones were prepared. They were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxicity against the NCI‐60 cancer cell lines.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Antifungal Activities of Novel 1,2‐trans Glycosphingolipids
Authors: Ding Ning , Zhang Wei , Lv Guokai , Li Yingxia
Published: October 2011

The synthesis and in‐vitro biological evaluation of antifungal activities of a series of 1,2‐trans glycosphingolipids (GSL) against Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis were described. The preliminary study indicated that the sort of sugar moiety of GSLs affected their antifungal activities and selectivities towards the three Candida species, and the permeability might not be the sole parameter affecting their antifungal properties as presumed before, which would bring new clues to understand the antifungal profile for these types of compounds.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Ethyl 2‐(substituted benzylthio)‐4‐(3′‐(ethoxycarbonyl)biphenyl‐4‐yl)‐6‐methyl‐1,4‐dihydropyrimidine‐5‐carboxylate Derivatives
Authors: Maddila Suresh , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B.
Published: October 2011

In the present study, a new series of ethyl 2‐(substituted benzylthio)‐4‐(3′‐(ethoxycarbonyl)‐biphenyl‐4‐yl)‐6‐methyl‐1,4‐dihydropyrimidine‐5‐carboxylate derivatives was synthesized. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by1H‐NMR, mass and C, H, N analyses. All newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial (Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Streptococcus pyogenesandKlebsiella pneumoniae) and antifungal (Aspergillus flavus,Aspergillus fumigatus,Candida albicans,Penicillium marneffeiandTrichophyton mentagrophytes) activity. The results revealed that all synthesized compounds have a significant biological activity against the tested microorganisms. Compounds8a,8b,8c,8e,8f,8i, and8jexhibited good antimicrobial activity.
Cardiac tamponade as a complication of laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair: Case report and literature review
Authors: Paz Yehuda Edo , Vazquez Jesus , Bessler Marc
Published: October 2011

We report the case of a 61‐year old female with history of gastroesophageal reflux disease and hiatal hernia who developed hemopericardium and tamponade one day after laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair and Toupe fundoplication. The patient underwent emergent pericardiocentesis and subsequent surgical pericardial window. During surgery, a tack that had been used to secure mesh to the inferior aspect of the diaphragm was found to have penetrated the pericardium near the right ventricle. The offending foreign body was trimmed and reduced into the abdomen, and the patient recovered without further complication. A review of the literature reveals that, although rare, tamponade following diaphragmatic hernia repair and fundoplication surgery often results in fatal outcome. Tamponade must be considered in any patient who develops signs of hemodynamic instability following diaphragmatic hernia repair or fundoplication surgery, as rapid diagnosis and definitive intervention can decrease fatality from such an injury. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aryl–Aryl Bond Formation by the Fluoride‐Free Cross‐Coupling of Aryldisiloxanes with Aryl Bromides
Authors: Boehner Christine M. , Frye Elizabeth C. , O'Connell Kieron M. G. , Galloway Warren R. J. D. , Sore Hannah F. , Dominguez Patricia Garcia , Norton David , Hulcoop David G. , Owen Martin , Turner Gillian , Crawford Claire , Horsley Helen , Spring David R.
Published: October 2011

The prevalence of the biaryl structural motif in biologically interesting and synthetically important molecules has inspired considerable interest in the development of methods for aryl–aryl bond formation. Herein we describe a novel strategy for this process involving the fluoride‐free, palladium‐catalysed cross‐coupling of readily accessible aryldisiloxanes and aryl bromides. Using a statistical‐based optimisation process, preparatively useful reaction conditions were formulated to allow the cross‐coupling of a wide range of different substrates. This methodology represents an attractive, cost‐efficient, flexible and robust alternative to the traditional transition‐metal‐catalysed routes typically used to generate molecules containing the privileged biaryl scaffold.
Novel Production Technology to Automate the Generation of Hanging Drops for Mass Production of Organotypic Microtissues
Authors: Drewitz Maren , Caminada Daniel , Moritz Wolfgang , Lichtenberg Jan , Kasper Cornelia , Kelm Jens M.
Published: October 2011

Für eine natürliche Funktionalität von Zellkulturen z. B. bei der Entwicklung von Biopharmazeutika ist die 3‐dimensionale (3D) Umgebung notwendig. Daher werden verstärkt Technologien entwickelt, um Zellen in einer natürlicheren, gewebe‐ähnlichen Umgebung zu kultivieren. Ein entscheidender Schritt zur industriellen Anwendung von organotypischen 3D‐Kulturen ist die Entwicklung von automatisierbaren Technologien, die Hochdurchsatz‐Produktionsverfahren ermöglichen. Eine neue Technologie zur Generierung von Mikrogeweben und deren Implementierung in einen automatisierten Produktionsprozess wird vorgestellt. Sie ermöglicht die Generierung einer hängenden Tropfenkultur in analoger Weise zu 2D‐Multi‐Well‐Platten. Anhand der Produktion von Dickdarm‐Tumor‐Mikrogeweben und primärem Rattenleber‐Mikrogewebe wird gezeigt, dass der Produktionsprozess mit gleicher Genauigkeit geführt werden kann wie Standardprozesse.
Energy Storage by CO2 Methanization and Energy Carrying Compounds: A Thermodynamic Comparison
Authors: Müller Benjamin , Müller Karsten , Teichmann Daniel , Arlt Wolfgang
Published: October 2011

Die Umstellung fossil dominierter Energiesysteme auf eine Versorgung mit hohem Anteil erneuerbarer Energien macht einen massiven Ausbau der Speichersysteme erforderlich. Gängige Technologien wie Pumpspeicherkraftwerke oder Druckluftspeicher sind in ihrer Kapazität beschränkt oder haben den Nachteil eines geringen Prozesswirkungsgrads. Eine vielversprechende Route ist die chemische Energiespeicherung über Wasserstoff in energietragenden Stoffe (ETS). Dieser Weg stellt eine verlustfreie Speicherung regenerativer Energie in frei wählbaren Zeiträumen in Aussicht. Es werden Effizienzwerte für die Prozessketten Methanisierung und ETS berechnet und gegenübergestellt.
Why as a Medicinal Chemist I Am Not Optimistic about the Possibility of Finding, in a Reasonable Timeframe, Small‐Molecule Drugs Capable of Curing the Evolution of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kraus Jean‐Louis
Published: October 2011

Herein I explain why I feel that new and effective Alzheimer′s disease (AD) drugs cannot emerge from current developed concepts such as the amyloid pathway, or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The discovery of new therapeutic approaches first requires an understanding of the intimate structure of brain matter, where memory and cognition are located, and how aging alters its structure and function. Only by joining the expertise of quantum physicists and physical chemists with that of medicinal chemists, pharmacologists, biologists and medical doctors can new AD research orientations emerge.
Biologically‐inspired clustering of semantic Web services. Birds or ants intelligence?
Authors: Pop Cristina Bianca , Chifu Viorica Rozina , Salomie Ioan , Dinsoreanu Mihaela , David Tudor , Acretoaie Vlad , Nagy Aliz , Oprisa Ciprian
Published: October 2011

The clustering and sorting behavior of ants, as well as the foraging behavior of birds in nature represented sources of inspiration for designing clustering methods applicable in computer science. This paper investigates how biologically‐inspired clustering methods can be adapted to cluster Semantic Web services aiming at the efficiency of the discovery process. The methods consider the semantic similarity between services as the main clustering criterion. To measure the semantic similarity between two services, we propose a matching method that evaluates the degree of match between the semantic description of the two services. We have tested the biologically‐inspired clustering methods on the SAWSDL service retrieval test collection (SAWSDL‐TC) benchmark, and we have comparatively evaluated their performance using the Dunn index and the Average‐Item Cluster Similarity metric, the latter being introduced in this paper. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inducing Growth of FeNi–Pt Match‐Like Magnetic Nanoheterostructures on Pt Nanotips and Dechlorination of Hydrochloric Ether
Authors: Wen Ming , Zhang Fan , Cheng Mingzhu , Wu Qingsheng , Sun Baolei , Sun Yuzhen
Published: October 2011

Newly designed magnetic FeNi–Pt match‐like heterostructured nanorods were synthesized by means of induced growth of FeNi nanorods on Pt nanotips. The proposed synthesis mechanism is corroborated by SEM, TEM, XRD and XPS. The magnetic behavior shows that the magnetic saturation and coercivity are strongly dependent on both the shape and the alloy composition. The saturation magnetizations (Ms) and the coercivity (Hc) of nanorods synthesized are larger than those of nanoparticles because of the relatively large anisotropy of nanorods. Maximum saturation magnetization is obtained for Fe82Ni15–Pt3 at 226.6 emu g−1, whereas maximum coercivity is obtained for Fe20Ni77–Pt3 at 136.8 Oe. Shape‐dependent reactivity toward the reduction of chlorinated solvents was observed for the FeNi–Pt heterostructured nanomaterials. In particular, the Fe82Ni15–Pt3 nanorods are highly reactive in the dechlorination process of 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane.
A common‐mode replica compensated inductor–capacitor voltage‐controlled oscillator for mixed‐signal system‐on‐chip applications
Authors: Xu Weilin , Chen Xi , Wang Gaofeng
Published: October 2011

A novel 1.57 GHz complementary metal–oxide semiconductor inductor–capacitor voltage‐controlled oscillator with the common‐mode replica compensation is introduced for mixed‐signal system‐on‐chip applications. In order to alleviate power line disturbances, the center tap node of differential symmetric inductor and the replica biasing circuit are adopted in the differential voltage regulating unit to reduce power supply sensitivity. In addition, this proposed design also leads to low tuning gain and low power dissipation. The post‐layout simulation results under the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's mixed‐signal 0.18 µm 1P6M process show that the proposed design achieves power supply rejection of −68.6 dB at low frequencies and 1.2 MHz/V pushing sensitivity. It exhibits phase noise of −130.6 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset from a 1.57 GHz carrier yet dissipates only 5.58 mW under a 1.8 V power supply. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Realization of a general all‐pole current transfer function by using CBTA
Authors: Koksal Muhammet
Published: October 2011

In this article, a general all‐pole current transfer function synthesis procedure using current backward transconductance amplifiers (CBTAs) is proposed. The proposed configuration uses n current backward transconductance amplifiers and n grounded capacitors as the only type of passive elements. The circuit is eligible to realize any all‐pole transfer characteristics with a given strictly Hurwitz (stable) denominator polynomial. Further, it is straightforward to find the values of the passive elements from the coefficients of this polynomial by using the Routh–Hurwitz algorithm as in the realization of a two‐element kind passive network synthesis. In this sense and as far as the author's knowledge, it is the only active structure that can be synthesized like a passive two‐element kind Cauer circuit. The simulations that are performed using PSPICE exhibit satisfactory results coherent with the theory. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative gene expression profiling of CD45+ and CD45− skeletal muscle‐derived side population cells
Authors: Andersen Ditte Caroline , Kristiansen Gitte Qvist , Jensen Line , Füchtbauer Ernst‐Martin , Schrøder Henrik Daa , Jensen Charlotte Harken
Published: October 2011

The skeletal muscle‐derived side population (mSP) which highly excludes Hoechst 33342 is composed of CD45+ and CD45− subpopulations; yet, rareness of mSP cells in general has complicated extensive quantitative analysis of gene expression profiles in primarily isolated mSP cells. Here, we describe the isolation of adult mouse normal skeletal muscle residing SPCD45+ and SPCD45− cells from a parent mononuclear muscle‐derived cell (MDC) population. Relative quantitative real time PCR (RT‐PCR) of 64 genes revealed that mSPCD45− compared with mSPCD45+ was enriched for cells expressing transcripts associated with endothelial cells, Notch signaling and myogenic precursors. By comparing the mRNA signatures of mSPs with those of adipose tissue‐derived SP populations, a common endothelial component seemed to reside in both muscle and fat‐derived SPCD45− entities. However, each SP subset was clearly specified by the tissue from which the cells originated suggesting that muscle SPs compared with adipose tissue SPs are predisposed towards differentiation into the myogenic lineage. Thus, our data support the previously suggested hypothesis that satellite cell precursors (or alternatively a satellite cell subpopulation) remain in the mSPCD45− fraction, and we show that these cells express high levels of many of the known myogenic precursor/stem cell related markers, including Pax7 and Myf5. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Artificial neural network in diagnosis of lobular carcinoma of breast in fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Dey Pranab , Logasundaram Rajesh , Joshi Kusum
Published: October 2011

In this study, we applied artificial neural network (ANN) for the diagnosis of lobular carcinoma in fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) material. We selected a total of 64 cases of histology proven breast lesions consisting of 20 fibroadenomas, 28 infiltrating ductal carcinomas (IDC), and 16 infiltrating lobular carcinomas (ILC). Detailed cytomorphological features were studied on representative Haematoxylin–Eosin (H&E) and May‐Grunwald Giemsa stained slides. Image morphometric analysis was performed on Haematoxylin–Eosin stained smears to study nuclear area, diameter, perimeter, roundness, convex area, and convex perimeter. Both the qualitative cytological features and objective morphometric data were collected and a total of 18 variables were studied. Back propagation ANN was designed and this data were used as input values. ANN network was designed as 34‐17‐3. There were a total of 34 first layers neurons, 17 hidden neurons and three output neurons. The total cases were randomly divided automatically by the program into three groups: training set (40), validation set (8), and test set (16). After the successful training, the program was able to differentiate all the benign and lobular carcinoma cases and majority of the ductal carcinoma cases. In test set, the ANN program successfully classified all the cases of benign, and ILC cases and six of seven IDC cases. A suitably designed ANN may be able to diagnose the lobular carcinoma of breast on FNAC material. ANN is an efficient software program with immense potential. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distribution of human papillomavirus among women with abnormal cervical cytology in Kuwait
Authors: Al‐Awadhi Rana , Chehadeh Wassim , Jaragh Mohammad , Al‐Shaheen Azza , Sharma Prem , Kapila Kusum
Published: October 2011

This study investigates the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in women with abnormal cervical cytology in Kuwait. Two hundred and ninety‐eight (298) abnormal ThinPreps were taken from women seeking routine gynecological care and screened for HPV DNA by real‐time PCR. HPV genotyping was determined by PCR‐based sequencing. HPV DNA was detected in 152 women (51%), and 29 different HPV genotypes were detected, comprising 16 high‐risk (HR) (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, 97), nine low‐risk (LR) (6, 11, 54, 61, 74, 81, 90, 102, 106), and four intermediate‐risk (IR) (62, 67, 84, 87). HPV16 had the highest prevalence (24.3%), followed by HPV11 (13.8%), HPV66 (11.2%), HPV33 (9.9%), HPV53 (9.2%), HPV81 (9.2%), HPV56 (7.9%) and HPV18 (6.6%). HPV prevalence was 86, 67, and 89% in women with invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC), high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), respectively. As for age distribution, 69% of all HPVs were found in women aged 20–29 years, and the HPV incidence rate deceased with increasing age. The proportion of single infections decreased as the severity of the cytological diagnosis increased, while the proportion of multiple infections increased. This study is the first of its type in Kuwait and one of few in the Middle East. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that HPV infection is the primary cause of cervical neoplasia. They support HPV vaccine research to prevent cervical cancer and efforts to develop HPV DNA diagnostic tests. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of abdominal wall endometriosis
Authors: Kim Jung Yeon , Kwon Ji Eun , Kim Hyun‐Jung , Park Kyeongmee
Published: October 2011

While about 15% of menstruating women develop endometriosis, abdominal wall endometriosis is relatively rare. We present 10 cases of abdominal wall endometriosis diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and confirmed by subsequent surgical excision. A palpable abdominal wall mass was the most common symptom, followed by pain. Nine cases were associated with previous surgery. The smear showed glandular epithelial cells and spindle or ovoid stromal cells accompanied by macrophages in eight cases. The nucleus was round‐to‐oval and the nucleolus was inconspicuous. Mitosis was not observed in any case. In two cases, which were suspicious of malignancy on FNA, the epithelial cells showed anisonucleosis, hyperchromasia, and small conspicuous nucleoli. The stromal cells were spindle or ovoid in shape, without metaplastic changes. Histiocytes were noted in nine cases and hemosiderin‐laden histiocytes were noted in two cases. The proportion of inflammatory cells varied. FNA diagnosis of abdominal wall endometriosis is possible when the cytological features are interpreted cautiously, together with the patient's clinical history. An accurate diagnosis on FNA will prevent unnecessary surgery. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of triple‐negative basal‐like breast cancer
Authors: Akashi Shizuka , Kuwabara Hiroko , Kurisu Yoshitaka , Takahashi Yuko , Yasuda Emi , Takeshita Atsushi , Ishizaki Sachie , Tsuji Motomu , Shibayama Yuro
Published: October 2011

Invasive breast cancer is divided into luminal A, luminal B, HER2 overexpression, basal‐like (BL) and normal‐like subtypes, among which the BL subtype has the worst prognosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinicopathological and cytological characteristics of BL breast cancer (BLBC). Fine‐needle aspiration cytology samples from 17 patients with consecutive BLBC were investigated, and the findings were compared with those of other subtypes (10 cases each) for the following cytomorphological features: necrosis; lymphocyte infiltration; mitotic index; apoptosis; naked nuclei; nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio; nuclear margin, size and pleomorphism; chromatin granularity and density; and nucleolar appearance. Histologically, the BLBCs were heterogeneous, and included medullary carcinoma and metaplastic carcinoma, in addition to invasive ductal carcinoma. Cytologically, high mitotic index, naked nuclei, and irregular nuclear margin were significantly observed when compared with both the luminal A and B subtypes. Large nuclei with nucleoli and lymphocyte infiltration were frequently seen compared with the luminal A and B subtypes, respectively. Squamous nodules were seen in all metaplastic cases, but not in the HER2 overexpression subtype. Lymphocyte infiltration, squamous metaplasia, and nuclear findings such as a high mitotic index, naked or large nuclei, an irregular nuclear margin and the presence of nucleoli, may be clues indicating BLBC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:283–287. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytopathologic findings and differential diagnostic considerations of primary clear cell carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Hayashi Toshitetsu , Haba Reiji , Kushida Yoshio , Kadota Kyuichi , Katsuki Naomi , Miyai Yumi , Bando Kenji , Shibuya Shinsuke , Matsunaga Toru , Yokomise Hiroyasu
Published: October 2011

Primary clear cell carcinoma (CLCC) of the lung is an extremely rare disease and is a subtype of large cell carcinoma, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. A case is presented here in which intraoperative squash smears in a 53‐year‐old man revealed sheet and small clusters or tumor cells with prominent nucleoli and fine granular chromatin. Abundant translucent cytoplasm with occasional cytoplasmic vacuoles and intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions was also identified. A cytopathologic diagnosis of a CLCC was suggested. Further evaluation and immunohistochemical studies were conducted on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded material. Nests of slightly acidophilic clear tumor cells with a prominent cellular membrane and an alveolar growth pattern were identified on H&E sections. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed diffuse and strong membranous staining for CK(AE1/AE3), CK7, and CA19‐9 but were negative for Napsin A, CK20, CDX2, TTF‐1, alpha‐fetoprotein, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD10, and CD56. The diagnosis of primary CLCC of the lung was confirmed based on cytopathologic, histopathologic, immunohistochemical results, and a detailed systemic examination to exclude a possible extrapulmonary origin. We report here the cytopathological features of CLCC of the lung with an emphasis on differential diagnostic considerations. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Smear cytology findings of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix
Authors: Kuroda Naoto , Wada Yukari , Inoue Kaori , Ohara Masahiko , Mizuno Keiko , Toi Makoto , Tanaka Azusa , Wani Yoji , Yanai Hiroyuki
Published: October 2011

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the uterine cervix is a rare tumor. Moreover, there are only three reports to date that have focused on the cytologic findings of cervical LCNEC. We report the case of a 59‐year‐old Japanese woman with cervical LCNEC combined with small cell carcinoma (SmCC). Cytologic specimens from the uterine cervix demonstrated large cells with coarse chromatin and prominent nucleoli. Frequent mitotic figures were also observed. Curettage of the uterine endometrium revealed an endometrioid adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation; i.e., an adenoacanthoma. Histologic examination of surgically resected uterine cervical tissue revealed LCNEC with minor foci of SmCC. Neuroendocrine differentiation in LCNEC was confirmed by immunohistochemistry for synaptophysin and CD56. Cytotechnologists or pathologists need to consider a differential diagnosis of LCNEC while examining cervical cytologic specimens; therefore, it is important to correctly identify the cytologic characteristics of this tumor. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The patient‐perceived difficulty in diabetes treatment (PDDT) scale identifies barriers to care
Authors: Tamir Orly , Wainstein Julio , Abadi‐Korek Ifat , Horowitz Einav , Shemer Joshua
Published: October 2011

Objective

The objective of this study is to describe the design and validation of a newly developed brief, treatment‐focused scale for use with type 1 and type 2‐diabetes, exploring patient‐perceived difficulties that are associated with treatment.

Methods

The content of the construct was derived from consultation with experts, from existing instruments and the literature, as well as from diabetic patients. The original draft was comprised of 11 attributes. Based on an interim analysis, an additional 12th attribute was added. The final scale was tested on 988 diabetic patients from 25 practices in Israel. Respondents also completed a diabetes‐specific quality of life (QoL) questionnaire and indicated their current perceived overall health status.

Results

The patient‐perceived difficulty of diabetes treatment (PDDT) scale contains 12 items reflecting diabetes‐treatment characteristics: adherence to self‐monitoring of glucose schedule, frequency of self‐monitoring of glucose, adherence to medication administration schedule, frequency of medication administration, multiple number of medications, synchronization between meals and medications, dependence on the medications, pain associated with treatment, diet restrictions, self‐care, multiple healthcare providers, and costs of treatment. Response rate to all attributes was very high. Construct validity was shown by significant correlations between PDDT attributes and diabetes‐specific quality of life (r = 0.31–0.46) and self‐report adherence to recommended treatment (r = 0.14–0.28), as well as between overall perceived difficulty and diabetes‐specific quality of life (r = 0.60). Furthermore, the PDDT items showed discriminant capabilities with respect to known groups of patients.

Conclusions

The PDDT scale is a simple and valid instrument that may assist in identifying potential barriers in adherence to recommended treatments and to new treatment options. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The pubertal‐related decline in cellular proliferation and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of male rats is independent of the pubertal rise in gonadal hormones
Authors: Ho Amy , Villacis Allison J. , Svirsky Sarah E. , Foilb Allison R. , Romeo Russell D.
Published: October 2011

Pubertal development is marked by significant decreases in cellular proliferation and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation. Although it is unclear what mediates these developmental changes in the dentate gyrus, gonadal hormones have been implicated in modulating many neurobiological processes during puberty and various parameters of neurogenesis in adulthood. Thus, it is possible that the gradual and sustained increase in gonadal hormones experienced during puberty plays a role in these changes in neurogenesis. In this experiments, we first quantified cellular proliferation and neurogenesis using 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) and doublecortin (DCX) immunohistochemistry, respectively, in the dentate gyrus of prepubertal (30 d), midpubertal (45 d), and adult (90 d) male rats. We found the decline in BrdU and DCX cell numbers throughout these ages was coincident with increases in their plasma testosterone levels. We next tested whether exposure to the pubertal rise in gonadal hormones was necessary for this decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis to occur. Thus, we examined cellular proliferation and neurogenesis in intact 30 day (prepubertal) and 60‐day‐old (late‐pubertal) rats, as well as 60‐day‐old rats that had previously been gonadectomized or sham‐gonadectomized at 30 days of age. Although we again found the expected decline in BrdU and DCX cell numbers between 30 and 60 days of age in the intact groups, there were no differences among the 60‐day‐old animals, regardless of gonadal status. These data indicate that the pubertal‐related decline in hippocampal cellular proliferation and neurogenesis is independent of the pubertal change in gonadal hormones. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 743–752, 2012
An Unusual (10,3)‐d MOF Material with Nanoscale Helical Cavities and Multifunctionality
Authors: Ibrahim Asiata Omotayo , Zhou Youfu , Jiang Feilong , Chen Lian , Li Xingjun , Xu Wentao , Onawumi Oluyemi O. E. , Odunola Olusegun A. , Hong Maochun
Published: October 2011

The MnII and CuII compounds of 3‐(2‐pyridyl)‐5,6‐diphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazine‐4,4′‐disulfonic acid (H2pdtd) were synthesized and systematically characterized. The metal‐organic framework (MOF) [Mn2(pdtd)2(H2O)4]n·5nH2O (1) was constructed by a solvothermal method preformed at 140 °C with methanol as the solvent, while [Cu(pdtd)(H2O)4]·H2O (2) was obtained by conventional solution chemistry conducted at 80 °C. Crystallographic analysis revealed that 1 has an acentric structure in which the MnII centers are linked via sulfonate groups and chelating nitrogen atoms within the pdtd ligands to give a rare noninterpenetrating (10,3)‐d framework with permanent helical cavities. Consequently, 1 exhibits nonlinear optical (NLO) activity, significant CO2 sorption, and magnetic coupling. In contrast, 2 is a mononuclear complex with coordinated water and lacks functional properties.
Phytosterols in human nutrition: Type, formulation, delivery, and physiological function
Authors: MacKay Dylan S. , Jones Peter J. H.
Published: October 2011

Phytosterols are a family of compounds similar to cholesterol which have been shown to lower cholesterol levels when supplemented in the diet. A daily dose of 2–3 g of phytosterols has been shown to reduce LDL‐cholesterol levels by 5–15%. Phytosterol supplementation can be undertaken using phytosterol enriched functional foods or nutraceutical preparations. The type of phytosterol supplemented, such as plant sterol or saturated plant stanol appear to be equally effective in lowering cholesterol levels. Phytosterols, whether in esterified or free form have both been shown to lower cholesterol levels, with esterified phytosterol formulations having a greater number of clinical trials demonstrating efficacy. The functional food or nutraceutical matrix which is used to deliver supplemental phytosterols can significantly affect cholesterol lowering efficacy. Effective cholesterol lowering by phytosterols depends on delivery of phytosterols to the intestine in a form which can compete with cholesterol for absorption. New phytosterol functional food and nutraceuticals products should always be tested to demonstrate adequate delivery of phytosterol dose and effective total and LDL‐cholesterol lowering. Phytosterol products which do not effectively lower cholesterol will negatively impact the perception and use of phytosterols, and must not be allowed on the marketplace.