bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sleeping Rough
Authors: Gruber Martin , Becker Jochen
Published: November 2022

"Sleeping Rough" was shot during the summer of 2001 among a group of homeless men and women in the city centre of Hamburg after six months of ethnographic fieldwork. While the homeless are often represented as outcasts of society, this film shows critical and self-reflexive people who master their lives in public with an undefeated spirit. The cohesion of the group provides the matrix through which individuals in varying stages of liminality can find solace and support.
The camera offers a privileged view of daily routines and work as well as leisure time which is spent socialising in a public square equipped with a container for luggage. Intimately and sometimes with disenchanted frankness the protagonists reflect on the circumstances of their situation, between romance and tragedy, past disappointments and future ambition.
More than 20 years after the production of the film, the situation of homeless people in Germany has not improved. The number of rough sleepers in Hamburg has increased from roughly 1000 in 2009 to almost 2000 in 2018. The city centre of Hamburg is still a highly contested space.
Occurrence of Rust in Myrcianthes pungens (O. BERG) D. Legrand Caused by Austropuccinia psidii in The State of Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Santos Rodrigo Areze da Silva , Schwarz Sergio Francisco , Silva Magnólia Aparecida Silva da , Bertolini Edson , Andrade Camila Cristina Lage de , Pacini Bruna Alana Haupt
Published: November 2022

Abstract Guabiju tree (Myrcianthes pungens) belongs to the Myrtaceae family, with wide occurrence in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), southern Brazil, demonstrates great commercial potential regarding the consumption of its fresh fruit, which has a sweet taste and can be used in drinks, jellies and ice creams, in addition to its nutraceutical properties. As their main characteristic, rusts present the formation of orange pustules containing urediniospores of the pathogen on affected organs. The action of the pathogen causes deformation of stems, leaves, flowers and fruits, thus interfer-ing with the physiological processes of the plant. Thus, the present work aimed at presenting information on the occurrence and confirmation of the causal agent of guabiju rust, in addition to reporting the accessions most susceptible and resistant to Austropuccinia in the guabiju working collection of Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil. The diagnosis of the disease was based on symptoms, observation of fungal structures by light microscopy and molecular analyses. From microscopy, ellipsoid to ovoid and slightly equinulate urediniospores were observed, characteristic of Austropuccinia sp. The sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the isolate showed 99.06% similarity with sequences from the same region of A. psidii deposited on the nucleotide database - GenBank (NCBI). This is the first report of rust associated with guabiju in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. From the diagrammatic scale developed, it was possible to identify different levels of susceptibility to A. psidii in guabiju accessions under study.
Phenology of hass avocado in the Andean tropics of Caldas, Colombia
Authors: Garcia Juan Sebastián Arias , Silva Danielle Pereira da , Salazar Alejandro Hurtado , Espinoza Rodrigo Alejandro Iturrieta , Ceballos-Aguirre Nelson
Published: November 2022

Abstract The objective of this study was to document and analyze the effect of climate on the phenological development of ‘Hass’ avocado in two contrasting zones of the Andean tropics of Caldas, located at altitudes of 1,950m and 2,400m a.s.l., respectively. A completely randomized experimental design was carried out using a five to seven year-old ‘Hass’ tree as experimental unit and 15 replicates on each area. Observations were conducted on lateral sylleptic shoots and their corresponding apical buds located on the eastern and western sides of each tree. The destination of the apical bud of lateral shoots was quantified, floral phenology was documented, heat units were calculated from reproductive bud stage 1 to anthesis and to harvest and root growth was followed for each study area. Air temperature, soil temperature, precipitation and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) values were recorded over time. Differences were found in the number of apical buds of lateral shoots with reproductive and vegetative destination, flowering phenology, heat units, root growth, PAR and precipitation. Differences were found among variables evaluated at the two contrasting altitudes. There is a clear need for further ecophysiological studies on this fruit tree in tropical areas in particular.
Association between the consumption of omega-3-rich fish and depressive symptoms in older adults living in a middle-income country: EpiFloripa Aging cohort study
Authors: Ceolin Gilciane , Rockenbach Gabriele , Confortin Susana Cararo , d’Orsi Eleonora , Moreira Júlia Dubois
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to verify the association between the consumption of omega-3-rich (n-3) fish and depressive symptoms in older adults living in Southern Brazil. This is a cross-sectional analysis with data from the second wave of the EpiFloripa Aging cohort study (2013/2014) including 1,130 individuals aged 60 years or older. The presence of depressive symptoms was measured by the 15-items Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and the consumption of n-3-rich fish by a question of weekly frequency. The minimum set of variables for adjustment was defined using directed acyclic graph (DAG). Poisson regression with robust error variance was applied (adjusted by Model 1: demographic and socioeconomic variables, Model 2: added behavioral variables, Model 3: added health variables). We identified the prevalence of depressive symptoms in 19% of older adults and 51.8% reported eating n-3-rich fish once a week. Models 1 and 3 showed an inverse association between n-3-rich fish and depressive symptoms. However, the association was reduced when behavioral factors (leisure-time physical activity) were included in Model 2. These findings suggest that n-3-rich fish intake tends to be associated with depressive symptoms in older adults. However, other factors, such as physical exercise, are as pivotal as n-3 fatty acids in preventing the development of depressive symptoms.
Violence and social determinants of health in Brazil: association between homicides, urbanization, population, inequality, and development
Authors: Wanzinack Clovis , Signorelli Marcos Cláudio , Reis Clóvis
Published: November 2022

The aim was to analyze the relations between homicidal violence, human development, inequality, population size, and urbanization rates in Brazilian municipalities. This is a retrospective ecological study of 5,570 Brazilian municipalities which analyzes the relations between the average rate of homicides registered in the Brazilian Mortality Information System (from 2005 to 2015) and selected indicators: municipal human development indices (HDI-M), Gini index, urbanization rates, and quantitative population. Analysis of the relative effect (%) of the variables on the risk for homicidal violence showed a greater association with more populous municipalities (log 10) (80.8%, 95%CI: 73.0; 88.8), more urbanized ones (8%, 95%CI: 6.7; 9.2), with higher Gini index (6%, 95%CI: 2.6; 9.5); whereas the relation with HDI-M is inverse (-17.1%, 95%CI: -21.4; -12.6). National policies which aim to limit population growth and the urbanization of the most populous Brazilian cities could reduce homicide rates across the country. Reducing inequalities and investing in municipal social education, health, and income policies could also reduce the number of homicides. We estimated that improving the HDI-M of the municipalities by 0.1 would cause a national reduction between 7,560 and 12,834 annual homicides, whereas decreasing income inequality (Gini index) by 0.1 would mean saving between 1,569 to 5,448 lives per year.
Mulheres vítimas de violência sexual: rotas críticas na busca do direito ao aborto legal
Authors: Ruschel Angela Ester , Machado Frederico Viana , Giugliani Camila , Knauth Daniela Riva
Published: November 2022

O aborto legal nos casos de gravidez resultante de estupro é previsto no Brasil desde 1940. No entanto, o acesso a esse direito ainda é muito restrito, havendo inúmeras barreiras que dificultam o acesso das mulheres aos serviços de referência que realizam o procedimento. Este artigo discute a trajetória das mulheres que realizaram aborto por estupro entre 2000 e 2018 em um hospital público de referência na cidade de Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil). Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, documental e retrospectivo, que utilizou o conceito das Rotas Críticas para compreender as dificuldades enfrentadas, as decisões tomadas diante da violência sexual e da descoberta da gravidez e as consequências oriundas dessa situação. Os dados foram coletados dos prontuários clínicos das mulheres, totalizando 127 casos. A partir da análise de conteúdo, foram traçadas três categorias que se inter-relacionam, sendo ordenadas de modo a explicitar a sequência de fatos, ações e intercorrências na vida das mulheres, de acordo com a dinâmica das rotas críticas produzidas: entre o segredo da violência e o silenciamento do direito; o adoecimento psíquico e a desorganização social; fluxos institucionais: validação da palavra e objeção de consciência. Percebeu-se que existe um silenciamento diante da violência sexual, sendo que a realização do aborto legal se mostrou um problema invisibilizado e cercado de estigmas. A desorganização psicossocial decorrente da violência foi agravada pela desinformação, pela precariedade das redes de atendimento e pela objeção de consciência dos profissionais.
IS IT POSSIBLE TO OPTIMIZE STAPLED HEMORRHOIDOPEXY OUTCOMES BY ENLARGING OPERATIVE CRITERIA INDICATIONS? RESULTS OF A TAILORED PROCEDURE WITH ASSOCIATED RESECTION IN A COMPARATIVE PERSONAL SERIES
Authors: Campos Fabio Guilherme , Cavalari-Mancuzo Daiane , Bustamante-Lopez Leonardo Alfonso , Morais Paula Gabriela Melo , Martinez Carlos Augusto Real
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Since its introduction, stapled hemorrhoidopexy has been increasingly indicated in the management of hemorrhoidal disease. AIM: Our primary end point was to evaluate the incidence of recurrent disease requiring another surgical intervention. On a secondary analysis, we also compared pain, complications, and patient's satisfaction after a tailored surgery. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 196 patients (103 males and 93 females) with a median age of 47.9 years (range, 17–78) who were undergoing stapled hemorrhoidopexy alone (STG; n=65) or combined surgery (CSG; n=131, stapled hemorrhoidopexy associated with resection). RESULTS: Complications were detected in 11 (5.6%) patients (4.6% for STG vs. 6.1% for CSG; p=0.95). At the same time, symptoms recurrence (13.8% vs. 8.4%; p=034), reoperation rate for complications (3.1% vs. 3.0%; p=1.0), and reoperation rate for recurrence (6.1% vs. 4.6%; p=1.0) were not different among groups. Grade IV patients were more commonly managed with simultaneous stapling and resection (63% vs. 49.5%), but none of them presented symptoms recurrence nor need reoperation due to recurrence. Median pain score during the first week was higher in CSG patients (0.8 vs. 1.7). After a follow-up of 24.9 months, satisfaction scores were similar (8.6; p=0.8). CONCLUSION: Recurrent symptoms were observed in 10% of patients, requiring surgery in approximately half of them. Even though the association of techniques may raise pain scores, a tailored approach based on amplified indication criteria and combined techniques seems to be an effective and safe alternative, with decreased relapse rates in patients suffering from more advanced hemorrhoidal disease. Satisfaction scores after hemorrhoidopexy are high.
PANCREATODUODENECTOMY IN PATIENT WITH VON HIPPEL-LINDAU DISEASE: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Eulálio José Marcus Raso , Carvalho Thales Penna , Brabo Eloá Pereira , Araújo Antonio Luis Eiras , Eulálio Adriana de Oliveira , Beirão Felipe Nogueira , Manso José Eduardo Ferreira
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The von Hippel-Lindau disease is a highly penetrant autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by tumor predisposition in different organs. AIM: This study aimed to describe a case of a pancreatoduodenectomy for a 30-year-old male patient with von Hippel-Lindau disease. METHODS: We present a case study and the literature review aiming at the state-of-the-art management of a patient with pheochromocytoma, capillary hemangioblastoma in the peripheral retina, and two neuroendocrine tumors in the pancreas. RESULTS: A larger pancreatic lesion was located in the uncinate process, measuring 31 mm. The smaller lesion was located in the proximal pancreas and was detected only on the positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan with DOTATOC-68Ga. Genetic investigation revealed a mutation in the locus NM_000551.3 c.482G>A (p.Arg161Gln) of the Von Hippel-Lindau Human Suppressor gene. The uncinate process tumor was larger than 30 mm and the patient had a mutation on exon 3; therefore, we indicated a pancreatoduodenectomy involving the proximal pancreas to resect both tumors en bloc. During the postoperative period, the patient presented a peripancreatic fluid collection, which was treated as a grade B pancreatic fistula with clinical resolution of the complication. On postoperative day 21, he was discharged home. CONCLUSION: The management of patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is complex and must be centered on tertiary institutions with a large volume of pancreatic surgery. Although the current literature assists in decision-making in most situations, each step of the treatment requires analysis and discussion between different medical specialties, including surgeons, clinicians, radiologists, and anesthesiologists.
Phenolic composition of jussara (Euterpe edulisMartius) from Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo, Brazil, determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS)
Authors: Dadalto Carolina Tatagiba da Rocha , Hermosín-Gutiérrez Isidro , Pérez-Navarro José , Ojeda-Amador Rosa Maria , Gómez-Alonso Sergio , Stringheta Paulo César , Paula Daniele de Almeida , Pinto Marcos Roberto Moacir Ribeiro , Ramos Afonso Mota
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT: This research assessed the phenolic composition of Jussara pulp from the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais (MG) and Espírito Santo (ES) using HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Seventeen anthocyanins were detected in fruits, derived from cyanidin, pelargonidin and peonidin. Among the non-anthocyanic phenolic compounds, flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin derivatives), flavan-3-ols (catechin, epicatechin, B-type procyanidins and unknown dimers) and resveratrol in its glycosylated form have been identified. Catechin (32.41-60.56 mg 100g-1) and epicatechin (18.86-40.92 mg 100g-1) were the main flavan-3-ols present in the fruits. The samples showed small concentrations of resveratrol glycosides (0.02-0.91 mg 100g-1). The analytical methodology used (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) permitted the identification of newly reported compounds in this fruit.
PADRÕES DE INTERAÇÃO E MEDIAÇÃO EM DOIS FÓRUNS ONLINE EM UM CURSO PARA A FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES DE BIOLOGIA
Authors: Medeiros Ranlig Carvalho de , Pinto Benjamin Carvalho Teixeira , Salvador Daniel Fábio
Published: November 2022

RESUMO: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os padrões de interação, profundidade das discussões, categorias de fala e as formas de mediação de professores/cursistas em um curso online de formação continuada de professores de Biologia. A pesquisa de caráter quali-quantitativa, acompanhou 36 cursistas e um mediador em dois fóruns temáticos. Constatou-se um dinamismo nos turnos de fala, entre cursistas e mediadores, permitindo padrões de interação, além das formas tríadicas: Iniciação, Resposta e Feedback (I-R-F) e Iniciação, Resposta e Avaliação (I-R-A), típicas em atividades de interação presencial. Além disso, esses padrões indicam boa profundidade nas conversações e reflexões para a construção de significados. Dessa forma, o mediador não é o centro das discussões e toda a dinâmica conversacional não se restringe a um modelo reativo de interação.
Russian Learner Corpora Research: State of the Art and Call for Action
Authors: Kisselev Olesya
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT With the increase in availability and user-friendliness of Russian language corpora and corpus-analytic tools, the field of Russian language education has recently begun to employ corpus linguistics as an approach to understanding the dynamic of language development in users of Russian as a second and heritage language. The paper provides a brief overview of the current state of learner corpus research as a field and explores the benefits of application of corpus linguistics methods and instruments to the study of Russian. The paper reviews pertinent issues in corpora design, compilation, and annotation; offers an overview of the existing Russian language corpora and reports on the currently available corpus-based studies of Russian as a second/heritage language. The paper concludes with a call to the field to explore the benefit of corpus-based approaches to the study of Russian.
Prospecção fitoquímica, físico-química e atividades biológicas do extrato etanólico floral de Miconia chamissois Naudin (Melastomataceae).
Authors: Menezes Filho Antonio Carlos Pereira d , Ventura Matheus Vinícius Abadia , Castro Carlos Frederico de Souza , Soares Frederico Antônio Loureiro , Favareto Rogério , Taques Aparecida Sofia , Teixeira Marconi Batista
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Miconia chamissois Naudin é uma das inúmeras espécies vegetais incluídas na família Melastomataceae, habitando áreas de vegetação natural no domínio Cerrado. Esta espécie apresenta evento sazonal típico e ciclo anual regular, com flores brancas e aromáticas. O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o extrato etanólico floral de M. chamissois quanto a sua composição fitoquímica, físico-química e atividades biológicas. O extrato etanólico foi produzido por maceração e os ensaios fitoquímicos, físico-químicos e biológicos realizados por diferentes metodologias. Os resultados apresentados neste estudo demonstram que M. chamissois é uma espécie promissora na busca de compostos biologicamente ativos, onde apresentou consideráveis números de classes fitoquímicas, conteúdos de flavonoides e fenólicos totais expressivos, bem como atividades de fotoproteção, antioxidante, anti-inflamatória, antimicrobiana e citotóxica. Trabalhos futuros deverão concentrar-se sobre o extrato etanólico floral de M. chamissois para determinar outras ações biológicas in vitro e ex vitro.
Sinopse de Malpighiaceae no município de Cunha corrobora a ocorrência de fragmentos de Cerrado no Vale do Paraíba, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil.
Authors: Maruyama Adriano da Silva Cicco , Almeida Rafael Felipe de , Orlandini Priscila , Mazine Fiorella
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Estudos de campo e a análise de coleções de herbários permitiram a identificação de dez gêneros e 19 espécies de Malpighiaceae no município de Cunha, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Este trabalho apresenta uma chave de identificação para espécies, listas de materiais examinados, notas taxonômicas e imagens fotográficas das espécies estudadas. Este estudo apresenta ainda a primeira ocorrência de Stigmaphyllon acuminatum para o Estado de São Paulo. Adicionalmente, apresentamos uma discussão sobre as evidências provenientes de Malpighiaceae que corroboram a ocorrência pretérita e presente de fragmentos de cerrado no vale do rio Paraíba.
Instituir um tribunal “em tempos de crise”: a instalação do Tribunal da Relação de Pernambuco entre conflitos e projetos de Justiça (1821-1822)
Authors: Silva Jeffrey Aislan de Souza
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Este artigo propõe uma análise sobre o processo de criação e instalação do Tribunal da Relação de Pernambuco, entre os anos de 1821-1822. O interesse em estabelecer uma Relação na capitania era manifesto pelas elites locais desde o século XVII. Em 6 de fevereiro de 1821, diante da conjuntura política e social aberta após o início do movimento constitucional português, o rei autorizou a criação do tribunal. Contudo, o processo de instalação foi pautado por disputas políticas e interesses entre grupos no Brasil e em Lisboa, protagonizados pelos deputados das Cortes Constituintes. O Tribunal da Relação de Pernambuco entrou em funcionamento em 13 de agosto de 1822, após debates e apresentação de projetos políticos e de Justiça conflitantes que caracterizaram o processo de emancipação política do Brasil.
Comment peut on être Brésilien? José Bonifácio e os paradoxos de um império atlântico
Authors: Silva Isabel Corrêa da
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Fruto do investimento reformista da Coroa portuguesa e com décadas de dedicação ao engrandecimento e modernização da monarquia luso-brasileira, é quase aos 60 anos de vida que José Bonifácio se vê confrontado com os eventos políticos que levam à Independência do Brasil e à emergência de uma matriz ideológica de cunho nacionalista. Durante a maior parte da sua vida, a ideia de Brasil como uma organização política externa à monarquia portuguesa terá sido absolutamente inconcebível, de tal forma que sem esforço o imaginamos a adaptar ao contexto luso-brasileiro o espanto dos seus companheiros de Luzes parisienses de décadas antes. “Comment peut on être Brésilien?” podia bem ter sido uma das muitas frases que Bonifácio apontara nos seus cadernos perante as conjecturas de uma brasilidade autônoma. Defendo neste texto que a ideia de império atlântico foi o que pautou sempre o pensamento e a intenções reformistas de José Bonifácio e que é com essa chave que devemos ler a sua ação e entender os seus aparentes paradoxos.
A praga periodiqueira: liberdade de imprensa, protocolos de escrita e ação política na época da Independência
Authors: Basile Marcello
Published: November 2022

RESUMO O artigo analisa diversos panfletos produzidos no contexto do movimento vintista luso-brasileiro, que tinham como tema central a rede de polêmicas formada em torno da denominada praga periodiqueira. A expressão aludia à notável proliferação de publicações políticas observada em meio ao processo de Independência. A abordagem enfatiza as diferentes visões referentes a questões como liberdade e limites da imprensa, função pública dos redatores, protocolos de escrita e mobilização política; em particular, os significados acerca da emergência de um conjunto de fórmulas discursivas que se tornaram referências de escrita pública e de debate político, no Brasil e em Portugal, ao longo do século XIX.
ANÁLISE DO INDICADOR DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DAS ESCOLAS ESTADUAIS DO ESPÍRITO SANTO
Authors: Soares Denilson Junio Marques , Soares Talita Emidio Andrade , Santos Wagner dos
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Durante a reforma educacional implantada na primeira década deste século no estado do Espírito Santo, foi instaurado, como política de bonificação por desempenho, o Indicador de Desenvolvimento das Escolas. Este artigo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar a metodologia utilizada na construção do algoritmo do indicador, estabelecendo algumas aproximações com o Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica. Para tanto, assume uma metodologia mista exploratória sequencial, subsidiada pela pesquisa documental e por análises correlacionais. Como resultado, percebeu-se que, embora apresente avanços em relação ao indicador nacional, sobretudo por considerar o fator socioeconômico em sua composição, existem fragilidades que são sinalizadas pensando um possível aperfeiçoamento futuro.
BIENESTAR OCUPACIONAL DOCENTE Y RENDICIÓN DE CUENTAS: REVISIÓN DE LA EVIDENCIA INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Oyarzún Maldonado Cristian , Cornejo Chávez Rodrigo , Assaél Budnik Jenny
Published: November 2022

RESUMEN Se expone una revisión de alcance sobre bienestar ocupacional docente y rendición de cuentas de alto impacto, basada en 32 publicaciones pesquisadas en SciELO, Scopus y WOS (2010-2020). Los resultados indican que: 1) las publicaciones emanan mayormente de Estados Unidos e Inglaterra; 2) el tópico se ha estudiado desde cinco enfoques teóricos, con preeminencia explicativa y comprehensiva de aquellos que integran aportes de las Ciencias de la Educación y la Salud Ocupacional; y 3) la rendición de cuentas de alto impacto afecta el bienestar ocupacional e induce estrés y burnout por la vía de deteriorar cinco condiciones laborales. Al cierre, se discuten implicancias epistemológicas y teóricas, y se plantean proyecciones para un problema investigativo aún en construcción.
Biyomedikal Uygulamalar İçin Biyobuzunur Mg Esaslı Alaşımların Geliştirilmesi – Derleme
Authors: KÜÇÜKDEVECİ Nilüfer
Published: November 2022

Magnezyum 21. Yüzyılın en hafif yapı metali olarak geçici ortopedik implantlarda ve koroner stentlerde kullanılabilme potansiyeline sahip yeni nesil biyobozunur malzeme olarak kabul edilir. Biomedikal uygulamalar için umut vaat eden Mg/Mg-esaslı alaşımların özellikleri, avantajları ve dezavanatajları bu derleme çalışmasında ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. Biyobozunur malzemelerin kemik dokusunun iyileşmesi sürecinde kemiğin kendini yenilemeye başladığı zamana kadar mukavemetini yitirmemesi, mekanik özelliklerini koruması istenmektedir. Ancak Mg ve Mg esaslı alaşımlar vücutta çok hızlı bir şekilde korozyona uğradıklarından mekanik özelliklerini kısa süre içerisinde kaybetmektedirler. Mg esaslı alaşımların implant malzemelerinde kullanılabilmesi için korozyon dirençlerini artırmak ve mekanik özelliklerini iyileştirmek gerekmektedir. Bu alaşımların korozyon dirençlerinin artırılmasında ve mekanik özelliklerini geliştirmesinde kullanılan prosesler, bu çalışmada detaylı olarak araştırılmış ve anlatılmıştır.
Zeolitlerin Özellikleri ve Doku Mühendisliği Uygulamaları
Authors: KOCAK Fatma Zehra , KÜÇÜKDEVECİ Nilüfer , DALDİKEN Esma
Published: November 2022

Zeolitler, volkanik aktiviteler sonucu yeryüzünde doğal olarak oluşan ve sentetik olarak da yüzlerce çeşitte üretilebilen zengin element içerikli alüminasilikat mineralleridir. Zeolitler ayırt edilebilir homojen poroz yapıya sahip, yüksek yüzey alanlı iyonik bileşiklerdir. Bu kimyasal ve mikroyapısal özellikler zeolitlere yüksek adsorpsiyon ve absorpsiyon kapasitesi, iyon-değişimi, moleküler seçicilik gibi etkinlikler sağlar. Bu çok yönlü üstün özellikler de zeolitlerin tarım ve hayvancılık sektörlerinden, enerji, teknoloji ve biyomedikal sektörlerine kadar çok geniş bir yelpazede etkin olarak araştırılıp kullanılmasının önünü açmıştır. Bu çalışmada zeolitlerin temel özellikleri, uygulama alanları ve spesifik olarak biyomedikal ve doku mühendisliğinde zeolitlerin önemi, güncel, potansiyel uygulama alanları araştırılarak öz bir şekilde ele alınmıştır.
ON THE RECORD: Secretary of Police, Jenni Irish-Qhobosheane
Authors: Newham Gareth
Published: November 2022

No abstract
CREATIVE ACTION FOR CHANGE - Conference report: Strategies for non-violence in education
Authors: Harris Geoff Harris , Hemson Crispin , Kaye Sylvia
Published: November 2022

There is ample evidence of the persistence of violence at all levels of the South African education system. Working on the assumption that change will require active collaboration across all sectors, three organisations held a conference in Durban to sustain work towards non-violence. This article reports the process of working from an understanding of the nature and extent of such violence to a review of current projects and programmes to address it, and finally to a collaborative process in developing strategies for change. Research presented gave considerable insight into how violence operates and how interventions can make a significant difference. Two key disconnects were identified – the gap between the values advocated in policies and those actually experienced, and the failure to see humans as simultaneously physical, spiritual, emotional and cognitive. Learners challenged the practice of tolerating violence as a norm and insisted on the right to learn in conditions of safety. Practitioners demonstrated a range of innovative interventions through presentations and experiential learning. The strategies placed strong emphasis on ways of fostering positive values and ethical behaviour in education, and on promoting the many ways in which people can take creative action for change.
TALKING ABOUT RAPE – AND WHY IT MATTERS: Adjudicating rape in the Western Cape High Court
Authors: Moreland Stacy
Published: November 2022

This article asks the question: how do judges know what rape is and what it is not? The statutory definition contained in the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act1 (SORMA) guides courts in adjudicating rape cases, and as such the definition is theirs to interpret and implement. This article analyses a small selection of recent judgements of the Western Cape High Court2 (WCHC) for answers. The article begins by establishing why judgements are an important source for understanding what rape means in society at large; it then discusses the relationship between power, language, and the law. This is followed by specific analyses of cases that show how patriarchy still defines how judges express themselves about rape. It concludes by looking at the institutional factors that discourage judges from adopting new ways of talking about rape, and their constitutional mandate to do so.
F v MINISTER OF SAFETY AND SECURITY: Vicarious liability and state accountability for the criminal acts of police officers
Authors: Barnes Heidi
Published: November 2022

The Constitutional Court judgement in F v Minister of Safety and Securityis a ground-breaking judgement in two important respects: firstly, it finally does away with the fiction that an employee acts within the course and scope of her employment in the so-called deviation cases in the law of vicarious liability, and secondly it clarifies the normative basis for holding the state vicariously liable for the criminal acts of police officers. In this latter respect it significantly promotes state accountability for the criminal acts of police officers.
Control, discipline and punish? Addressing corruption in South Africa
Authors: Bruce David
Published: November 2022

This article provides a ‘high level’ view of current debates about the causes of and remedies for corruption in South Africa, with a view to reflecting on how to address corruption. The article starts by providing an overview  of the current integrity framework and initiatives to strengthen it within the domains of public administration and criminal justice. Alongside this, the article briefly reviews historical and sociological accounts of corruption in South Africa. This provides the basis for a discussion of the moral economy of corruption. Instead of focusing on questions of surveillance or deterrence, this strand of analysis implies that addressing corruption is not simply about addressing ‘moral deficits’ but engaging with questions about how to advance justice and fairness in South African society.
Criminal justice policy and remand detention since 1994
Authors: Redpath Jean
Published: November 2022

The ‘tough on crime’ approach embodied in bail and sentencing law has had a profound impact on the trends around remand detention, including prison overcrowding of such an extent that it is estimated to have contributed to an additional 8 500 natural deaths in custody. Ultimately the policies have led, in practice, to an ‘Alice in Wonderland’ effect: fewer people are being tried and sentenced, while more than ever are denied their freedom without ever being tried in a court of law.
The Khayelitsha Commission of Inquiry: Challenging the scope of provincial policing powers
Authors: Tyabazayo Phumlani
Published: November 2022

On 24 August 2012, the Premier of the Western Cape appointed a commission of inquiry, in terms of section 206(5) of the Constitution, to probe complaints of police inefficiency and a breakdown of relations between the community and the police in Khayelitsha, a township in the Western Cape. The Minister of Police and the National Police Commissioner challenged this decision and lodged an urgent application with the High Court of the Western Cape. The adjudication of this matter by the High Court and, subsequently, by the Constitutional Court, presented an opportunity for the courts to clarify the scope of provincial policing powers. This article analyses the courts’ interpretation of the scope of provincial policing powers and argues that the adjudication of this matter has clarified the powers of provinces with regard to policing. The article also examines impediments to the exercise of provincial executives’ policing powers.
Calling for a comprehensive approach: Violence prevention and early childhood development
Authors: Phyfer Joanne , Wakefield Lorenzo
Published: November 2022

Violence and violent crime are significant social problems in South Africa. Yet currently these problems are only addressed as or after they occur, with the state and civil society missing valuable opportunities to prevent violence before it happens. This article focuses on the intersection between early childhood development services and primary violence prevention interventions. It encourages a developmental approach to violence prevention by promoting healthy physical and social development and preventing direct and indirect exposure to violence during early childhood. The article outlines the extent to which this approach is currently reflected in South Africa’s policy framework and proposes areas of intervention based on local and international literature.
A survey of car guards in Tshwane: Implications for private security policy and practice
Authors: Steyn Francois , Coetzee Annika , Klopper Harriet
Published: November 2022

Car guards form an integral part of South Africa’s urban landscape. This article reports on a survey of 144 car guards in Tshwane to identify the implications of their work for private security policy and practice. The profile of respondents reflects their low socio-economic status and marginalisation from the formal economy. The study found that some car guards struggle to survive financially because of the daily levies payable to car guard agencies and the managers of shopping centres. The results of the study suggest that, despite positive sentiments and advancements in policy and legislation, regulation of the formal car guarding industry remains constrained due to inadequate implementation and monitoring. The article offers insights into the factors affecting car guarding as a form of private security in South Africa.
Interview with Judge Kate O'Regan
Authors: Van der Spuy Elrena
Published: November 2022

In August 2012 Kate O'Regan, a former judge of the South African Constitutional Court, was appointed by the premier of the Western Cape to head the Commission of Inquiry into Allegations of Police Inefficiency and a Breakdown in Relations between SAPS and the Community in Khayelitsha. Two years later, on 25 August 2014, the commission submitted its final report and recommendations. In this exchange O'Regan reflects from the inside out on some aspects of the public inquiry into policing in Khayelitsha. Here one finds reference to judicial independence and organisational autonomy of commissions of inquiry; the value of comparative lesson drawing for process design; the importance of creating safe spaces for all participants; and honouring the contributions of participants. Policing, O'Regan concludes, is a truly challenging enterprise. Both political and police leadership carry a moral responsibility to engage systemic and other challenges as identified in both of the Marikana and Khayelitsha reports. Not to do so would imply the abdication of responsibility to address the safety and security concerns of South African citizens.
Violence, victimisation and parole: Reconciling restorative justice and victim participation
Authors: Hargovan Hema
Published: November 2022

When a crime is committed and an offender is incarcerated, victims and offenders are denied agency in influencing the outcome of the criminal justice process, resulting in harmful consequences for both. On theone hand, there is growing consensus that the criminal justice system does not treat victims well. On the other, high levels of violent crime in the country,coupled with society’s call for stiffer sentences, have seen growingnumbers of inmates receiving longer prison sentences, due in part to the minimum sentence legislation. Restorative approaches to justice have the potential to recognise the injustice caused not only by the crimeitself, but also by the structural injustice experienced by the offender. The key question is how to respond to the intergenerational effects of historical injustices and victimisation that so often result in identity switches:from vulnerable victim to violent offender. This article elaborates on restorative approaches to corrections at the parole phase and the implementation of these approaches through the victim offender dialogue programme, and questions whether due regard is being paid to the needs and rights of victims.
The Impact of the Strategic Partnership AUKUS on the Geopolitical Situation in the Indo-Pacific Region
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leonova Olga
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the AUKUS strategic alliance is to develop cooperation between the member countries (U.S., UK and Australia) in the field of security and defence in the Indo-Pacific region. The agreement provides for the supply of submarines powered by nuclear reactors to Australia. The emergence of this new strategic alliance was caused by the following factors: the increased power of China in the region; the weakening of the U.S. position in the Indo-Pacific; the desire of the UK to implement the “global Britain” strategy in practice; and the need for the U.S. to have reliable allies to contain China. These factors reveal the true purpose of AUKUS—containment of China and opposition to its active policy in the region. In this article, the author uses comparative analysis to reveal the different goals and geopolitical interests of the AUKUS countries. The systematic approach helps to describe the essence of the complex developing geopolitical system of the Indo-Pacific region.The theories of new institutionalism and constructivism make it possible to identify both continuity and gaps in the security policy and foreign policy of regional actors. Australia’s participation in the AUKUS allows it to: strengthen its political ties with influential partners—the United States and Great Britain; receive additional security guarantees from them in the context of increased activity of Chinese policy in the region; raise the country’s status in the regional hierarchy; and strengthen its defence capability. Australia’s entry into the AUKUS means the formation of a new, anti-Chinese strategy in the region. For the UK, membership in the AUKUS allows it to: expand its naval presence in the Indo-Pacific region; strengthen its special relations with the United States; improve its image, which was shaken after the country’s exit from the EU; and restore traditional ties with Australia. For the United States, AUKUS is the implementation of the strategy of “pivot” to Asia and the creation of a new alliance that has greater opportunities for military-strategic cooperation in the face of the threat from China to use the Pacific Ocean to oust the United States from a leading position. There are some possible geopolitical consequences of creating AUKUS for the region. They are escalation of tension and the nuclear arms race of the opposing parties; a new cold war with China; expansion of the club of nuclear powers because of Australia; imbalance of geopolitical forces in the region; undermining transatlantic unity; and a common strategy in the foreign policy of European countries and the United States.
ПАЛАТА ПО ДОМЕННЫМ СПОРАМ В РОСПАТЕНТЕ: ПОЧЕМУ БЫ И НЕТ?
Authors: СЕРГО Антон Геннадьевич , СУСАЛЁВА Татьяна Геннадьевна
Published: November 2022

Рассмотрена возможность, необходимость и целесообразность создания в Российской Федерации Палаты по доменным спорам как квазисудебного органа в структуре Федеральной службы по интеллектуальной собственности (Роспатент). Предпринята попытка выявить основные преимущества деятельности Палаты по доменным спорам, определить полномочия Палаты при формировании системы разрешения споров в сфере доменных имен и установить принципы ее функционирования. Рассмотрен вопрос наличия или отсутствия противоречия деятельности Палаты по доменным спорам существующим нормативно-правовым актам.

Выдвинут тезис о том, что в условиях стремительного изменения законодательства Российской Федерации как в области интеллектуальной собственности и средств индивидуализации, так и в области регулирования деятельности по регистрации и использованию доменных имен учреждение Палаты по доменным спорам и установление обязательного порядка досудебного рассмотрения в ней доменных споров будут способствовать адекватной защите прав и законных интересов правообладателей средств индивидуализации и администраторов доменных имен, а также снижению нагрузки на российскую судебную систему.
ПРАВОВОЙ РЕЖИМ ВИРТУАЛЬНЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ В ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ СРЕДЕ
Authors: ПАНИН Валерий Олегович
Published: November 2022

Проанализирована существующая практика юридического оформления отношений между пользователями и правообладателями виртуальных миров. Доказано, что в современных условиях необходим пересмотр сложившихся подходов к регулированию отношений в рамках виртуальных платформ, в частности отказ от повсеместного применения концепции «игрового характера» отношений сторон, основным следствием которой является отказ в судебной защите. Предпосылкой данного вывода является становление метавселенных, что напрямую связано со скачкообразным ростом виртуального сектора цифровой экономики, интенсивным развитием виртуальных технологий, увеличением числа пользователей виртуальных платформ и ассортимента предлагаемых им виртуальных товаров.

В рамках исследования рассмотрено социофилософское понятие «виртуализация», продемонстрировано его применение в юридической науке; выявлены области, которые подвергнутся (либо уже подверглись) феномену виртуализации и в которых непосредственно затрагиваются публичные интересы государства.

Дана оценка сложившейся в договорной практике лицензионной модели закрепления юридических отношений между пользователями и правообладателями виртуальных платформ, выявлены ее недостатки и искусственный характер. 

Предложены методологические посылы, из которых следует исходить при построении правового регулирования данной сферы, в частности при установлении соотношения национального законодательства, международно-правовых принципов и норм, договорных конструкций и саморегулирования. Сделан вывод о готовности информационного права как юридической науки, комплексно рассматривающей возникающие проблемы в информационной сфере, стать площадкой для развития теории виртуального права в целях восполнения существующего пробела.

При этом ни гражданско-правовая наука, ни теория права отдельно не занимаются изучением соответствующих проблем.
МАШИННОЕ ТВОРЧЕСТВО И ПРАВО: ДВЕ ЧАСТИ ОДНОГО ЦЕЛОГО
Authors: НАЗАРОВ Никита Алексеевич
Published: November 2022

Машинное творчество становится одной из самых важных технологий при создании объектов интеллектуальной собственности. Это происходит во многих отраслях творческой деятельности, как с указанием на использование технологий, так и с утаиванием данной информации. В итоге человеческое творчество может быть заменено творчеством ЭВМ.

Можно предположить, что в дальнейшем все творческие специальности могут исчезнуть и стать такой же экзотикой, как ручная работа мастера. Они будут цениться в определенных социальных кругах, но в массовом обороте окажется труд машины, которая будет эффективнее и экономичнее, чем человек.

Тем не менее в регулировании машинного творчества существуют нерешенные правовые вопросы, так как законодатели многих стран подходят с осторожностью к регулированию новых объектов, чтобы не навредить дальнейшему развитию этой сферы. Аналогичная ситуация была при создании компьютерных программ.

В статье описан процесс создания творческого объекта при помощи машинного обучения. Выявлены его основные элементы, обнаружилась правовая нерешенность на этапе сбора данных. В связи с этим проанализированы два основных подхода к использованию объектов интеллектуальной собственности. Выявлены недостатки подходов при создании машинного обучения и предложен альтернативный вариант.
Library pooling and quality control for Illumina sequencing v1
Authors: Smollett Katherine
Published: November 2022

The ability to multiplex many samples on the same run makes Illumina sequencing a powerful and affordable tool for many researchers. When pooling samples for sequencing it is important that they are pooled at equal molarity to prevent over or under representation of any individual sample in the same run. Care also has to be taken in deciding how many samples can be combined to achieve the required sequencing depth, a factor that is further complicated in viral sequencing where the majority of the reads may originate from the host and only a small proportion corresponding to viral reads. Also of major importance is the final pool quality control (QC) to ensure that all contaminating adapter dimers are removed, generate accurate size distribution and quantification of the final pool. Accurate QC ensures accurate loading on the sequencer, overestimation of the pool molarity can cause under clustering resulting in fewer reads and can even cause run failure. Underestimation of pool molarity causes over clustering, lowering the read quality and risking run failure. Adapter dimers are small fragments containing full length adapter sequences which can bind to the flow cell and cluster. Due to their small size, they cluster more efficiently than the longer library fragments and so reduce the library-specific read depth as well as causing over clustering which reduces the data quality possible run failure. In addition free adapter can be incorporated into the library clusters resulting in index hopping and incorrect assignment of library barcodes. Here we describe our standard workflow for determining the appropriate sequencing depth and pooling by equal molarity of Illumina sequencing libraries, along with our procedure for pool QC.
Asociation between nutritional status and depressive symptoms in a Peruvian adult population: A population-based study in Peru
Authors: Escalante-Ramírez Daniel , Bonilla Karen , Maguiña Jorge L.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Among the Peruvian population, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased, making it one of the main public health problems. There is also conflicting evidence on the association between increased BMI and depressive symptoms in the adult population. Objective. To determine the association between nutritional status (NS) and depressive symptoms (DS) in the Peruvian population. Method. We conducted a secondary data analysis of the Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES). We assessed the NS according to body mass index (BMI), grouped into normal weight (BMI = 18.50 - 24.99), overweight (BMI = 25.00 - 29.99), 1A obesity (BMI = 30.00 - 32.49), and 1B obesity (BMI ≥ 32.50). DS were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) instrument. A generalized linear model stratified by sex was constructed to calculate crude (cPRc) and adjusted (aPR) prevalence ratios. Results. A total of 26,463 records of people aged 18-60 years were assessed, yielding a 6.3% prevalence of DS (≥ 10 points). Females had a higher frequency of DS than males, which increased depending on their NS: normal weight 7.8%, overweight 8.2%, 1A obesity 9.0%, and 1B obesity 12.0%. Likewise, in the multivariate analysis, women with 1B obesity reported a higher frequency of DS (aPR = 1.30; 95% CI = [1.03, 1.63]). Discussion and conclusion. There is a strong association between nutritional status and depressive symptoms in Peruvian women, with obese women being more likely to have depressive symptoms.