bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ascorbic supplementation attenuates juglone induced metabolic derangement
Authors:   Universidad Arturo Prat, Ayavire Fernando , Fonseca Jose Miguel ,   Universidad Arturo Prat, Salas Felipe ,   Universidad Arturo Prat, Benites Julio ,   Universidad Arturo Prat, Nwokocha Chukwuemeka R ,   The University of the West Indies, Paredes Adrian ,   Universidad de Antofagasta, Cifuentes Fredi ,   Universidad de Antofagasta, Palacios Javier ,   Universidad Arturo Prat
Published: September 2021

Juglone derivatives like 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) amino-1,4-naphthoquinone (Q7) are used as antitumor agents, and act through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Such may lead to abnormal lipid metabolism and ROS dysregulation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ascorbate on the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates following Q7-induced oxidative stress. Male Wistar rats were administered Q7 (10 mg/Kg) and/or ascorbate (500 mg/Kg) orally for 20 days. Rats treated with Q7 showed an increase in serum triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol and lipid peroxidation levels. When Q7 treatment was followed up by ascorbate (500 mg/Kg) administration, we observed a reduction in serum triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol and lipid peroxidation. The oral administration of ascorbate reduced the Q7-induced increases in lipids, and postprandial glycemia. This could be associated with the redox activity of ascorbate that reduced the oxidative stress induced by Q7. We thus conclude that ascorbate modulates the Q7-induced increase of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.
Relationship of Knowledge And Attitude of Nurses With Hand Hygiene Application Behavior
Authors: Dewi Selfiana  , Hamdana  , Hermadin
Published: September 2021

The high rate of nosocomial infections is a very important problem in the hospital. Nurses' awareness to do hand hygiene is a fundamental behavior in an effort to prevent nosocomial infections that occur in hospitals. The research objective was to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of nurses and the behavior of applying hand hygiene in the inpatient room at Lanto Dg Pasewang Jeneponto Hospital in 2020. This type of research design was creational with a cross-sectional research approach. The research population was 180 people. The sample was taken using purposive sampling with a total sample of 36 respondents. Data collection tools in the form of questionnaires and observation sheets. Based on the results of statistical tests using the fisher's exact test, the results of the p-value = 0.631> α = 0.05, so it can be concluded that there is no relationship between knowledge and the behavior of applying hand hygiene in the inpatient room of Lanto Hospital Dg Pasewang Jeneponto and for the relationship between attitude and behavior. The result obtained a p-value of 0.715> ɑ = 0.05, so it can be concluded that there is no relationship between attitude and behavior of applying hand hygiene in the inpatient room of Lanto Dg Pasewang hospital Jeneponto. Suggestions are expected that further researchers will expand the reach of the room/location.
Long-Standing Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Is Related to Neuropathy Incidence: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Syamsiah  , Andi Baso Tombong  , Andi Nurlaela Amin
Published: September 2021

Neuropathy has been associated with various risk factors, including increasing age, male gender, poor sugar consumption, lipid value index and blood pressure, duration, and severity among patients with Diabetes Mellitus. In Bulukumba Regency, a report by the Bulukumba District Health Office reveals that there were 5410 visits of Diabetes Mellitus patients. This study aimed to identify the relationship between the long-standing Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus with neuropathy incidence among DM patients at H. Andi Sulthan Daeng Radja Hospital in Bulukumba Regency. This study that was conducted in July - August 2020, used a cross-sectional design. The study involved 38 patients selected by employing the purposive sampling technique. In terms of duration since diagnosed Type-2 DM, there were 30 patients (78.9%) included in the short-period category (1-5 years), and eight people (21.1%) included in the long-period category. The proportion of respondents that experienced an incidence of neuropathy are as follow 5.3% (two patients) with mild neuropathy, 60.5% (23 patients) with moderate neuropathy, and 34.2% (13 patients) with severe neuropathy. Bivariate analysis using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test results in p-value = 0.006 (<α = 0.05). The research concludes that there is a significant relationship between the length of the suffering of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and the incidence of neuropathy. It is recommended that Type-2 DM patients should be educated about the risk of developing neuropathy and its associated health consequences. Policies regarding the use and/ or development of neuropathy assessment within healthcare facilities are also encouraged to help healthcare professionals educate such patients to prevent the negative impact of diabetic neuropathy among DM patients in the future.
Latvijas 20. gs. vēstures hronoloģija: problēmas, iespējas un risinājumi
Authors:   LU Latvijas vēstures institūts, Evarts Edvīns
Published: September 2021

The 20th century history of Latvia is complex and sometimes difficult to understand for a non–professional. In the 1900’s, in Latvia various powers changed several times and events unfolded rapidly and with many turning points. Tracing all of them is a challenge even for a professional historian. The chronology is the first serious attempt to provide an answer to this challenge and make the history of Lat-via more understandable not only for history enthusiasts, but also for people interested in history – both in Latvia and elsewhere. The group of historians who developed this chronology also faced various problems – from the development of the most important criteria for the selection of facts to the problems of the exact data of events. Although a complete reflection of chronology cannot be expected in a chronology of this nature, which, in the author’s opinion, is only an ideal goal – it is undoubtedly a significant step towards the fur-ther formation of chronology and creation of deeper understanding of history of Latvia.
Rīgas Stradiņu universitātes Socioloģijas katedras devums Latvijas izglītībai, zinātne un sabiedrībai
Authors:   Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, Mihailova Sandra
Published: September 2021

The article offers an overview of the activities of the Department of Sociology of Riga Stradins University during its existence in 1998–2020. The article states the aims of the Department, lists the implemented study programmes in sociology, law and psychology, as well as describes the development of the Department during its existence. It should be noted that the Department has played an important role not only in research and teaching the new generations of sociologists and psychologists, but also in scientific expertise.
Piekrastes pārvaldība Latvijā: pārvaldības ietvara attīstības pārskats
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Vides zinātnes nodaļa, Štokmane Maija , Ernšteins Raimonds ,   Latvijas Universitāte, Vides zinātnes nodaļa
Published: September 2021

The coastal territory is a complex socio-ecological system (SES), which needs to be governed using an integrated approach. Integrated coastal management (ICM) is considered as the main approach in coastal governance, offering a holistic view of the coastal zone by integrating different governance sectors and governance levels, but ICM is not a fixed approach and should be adopted to meet each particular unique national and local situation. Full scale ICM in Latvia is not applied, but the following problems are recognized as most significant in the coastal territory: the lack of qualitative infrastructure and the lack of good governance; the local level coastal SES is studied, monitored and evaluated insufficiently as well as good practice examples are not communicated enough. In the current study, the exploration of the legisla-tive regulations and planning documents was conducted, therefore, the main research methods are docu-ment studies and expert interviews. Both the vertical and horizontal integration were assessed for the coastal governance, as well as overview of ICM developments in the modern history of Latvia. In order to understand the situation of the coastal governance in Latvia, the scheme of coastal dune protection zone was prepared, based on Latvian coastal legislation, however it is often difficult to depict different protec-tion zones in practice in such a dynamic and changing territory as a coastal zone.
Decreased Antioxidant Capacity in Corn Farmers Occupationally Exposed to the Mixture of Herbicides
Authors: Unchisa Intayoung  , Kanyapak Kohsuwan  , Klintean Wunnapuk  , Ratana Sapbamrer  , Supakit Khacha-Ananda
Published: September 2021

Background: The application of herbicides has been a common practice in worldwide agriculture, mainlywith the goal to increase efficacy of weed control. So, most farmers faced a greater risk of herbicideexposure to develop adverse health effects from oxidative stress-induced herbicides. The aim of this studyis to determine the urinary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and 8-isoprostane levels in farmers using themixture of herbicides in Long District, Phrae Province, Thailand.Methods: Ninety-three participants were recruited. The spot urine samples (pre- and post-work) werecollected. The urinary TAC was determined using ABTS radical scavenging assay. The urinary 8-isoprostanelevel was investigated by commercial ELISA kit.Results: Most farmers worked on a farm during 1-5 h/day. Fifty-five percents of participants used themixture of herbicide while working between glyphosate and paraquat as well as glyphosate and 2,4-D. Theurinary TAC levels in pre-work urine sample of farmers applied combining herbicides were significantlyhigher than that level in their post-work urine sample. However, there was no significant difference betweenpre- and post-work urinary 8-isoprostane in farmers applied combining herbicides.Conclusion: The results suggest that occupational exposure to mixture of glyphosate herbicides plus paraquator 2,4-D could induce abnormal oxidative stress value especially antioxidant defense among agriculturalworkers.
Concept of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Design to Fight COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review Insight
Authors: Viol Dhea Kharisma  , Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori  , Rasyadan Taufiq Probojati  , Dora Dayu Rahma Turista  , Yulanda Antonius
Published: September 2021

Cluster of pneumonia infection emerged in Wuhan, China due to severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Additionally, more than 190 countries have confirmed 82 million casesof SARS-CoV-2 infection. Currently, there is a SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, and no effective prophylacticmethods are available. A vaccine is considered as an effective method to restrict an epidemic. Severalvaccine designing techniques have been established, which is enabling researchers from various institutesfor developing vaccine towards SARS-CoV-2 infections. In this review, we condense the development ofvaccine research against SARS-CoV-2.
Ecological Relationship between Poverty and Nutritional Status of Toddler in Indonesia in 2018
Authors: Wasis Budiarto  , Ratna Dwi Wulandari  , Nikmatur Rohmah  , Agung Dwi Laksono
Published: September 2021

Data in the world states that 462 million are underweight, 47 million children under the age of 5 are wasting,14.3 million are very thin, and 144 million are stunting. Previous study reports about 45% of child deaths<5 years are related to malnutrition—the study aim to analyzing the relationship between poverty andnutritional status of the toddler in Indonesia ecologically. The study used secondary data from the officialreport of the Indonesia Ministry of Health. The study takes all provinces as samples. Moreover, the studyused the percentage of poor people as an independent variable. On the other hand, the researchers analyzedthree other variables as dependent variables: the proportion of underweight toddlers, the proportion ofstunting toddlers, and the proportion of wasting toddlers. The study examined the data using a scatter plot todetermine the relationship. The results show that the greater the percentage of an underweight toddler in acountry, the higher the proportion of underweight toddler in that region. Meanwhile, the more significant theproportion of the deprived population in an area, the more considerable proportion of stunting in that area.Moreover, the higher the poor people in the province, the higher the proportion of wasting in that province.The study concluded that poverty has a relationship with nutrition status of the toddler in Indonesia.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 1H-1,2,3-triazole and carboxylate analogues of metronidazole
Authors: Avula Satya Kumar , Raza Shah Syed , Al-Hosni Khdija , U. Anwar Muhammad , Csuk Rene , Das Biswanath , Al-Harrasi Ahmed
Published: September 2021

Herein, a series of novel 1H-1,2,3-triazole and carboxylate derivatives of metronidazole (5a–i and 7a–e) were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity in vitro. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS, and 19F NMR (5b, 5c and 5h) spectroscopy wherever applicable. The structures of compounds 3, 5c and 7b were unambiguously confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis diffraction method. Single crystal X-ray structure analysis supported the formation of the metronidazole derivatives. The antimicrobial (antifungal and antibacterial) activity of the prepared compounds was studied. All compounds (except 2 and 3) showed a potent inhibition rate of fungal growth as compared to control and metronidazole. The synthetic compounds also showed higher bacterial growth inhibiting effects compared to the activity of the parent compound. Amongst the tested compounds 5b, 5c, 5e, 7b and 7e displayed excellent potent antimicrobial activity. The current study has demonstrated the usefulness of the 1H-1,2,3-triazole moiety in the metronidazole skeleton.
OSCILLATION PROPERTIES FOR NON-CLASSICAL STURM-LIOUVILLE PROBLEMS WITH ADDITIONAL TRANSMISSION CONDITIONS
Authors: Mukhtarov Oktay Sh. , Aydemir Kadriye
Published: September 2021

This work is aimed at studying some comparison and oscillation properties of boundary value problems (BVP’s) of a new type, which differ from classical problems in that they are defined on two disjoint intervals and include additional transfer conditions that describe the interaction between the left and right intervals. This type of problems we call boundary value-transmission problems (BVTP’s). The main difficulty arises when studying the distribution of zeros of eigenfunctions, since it is unclear how to apply the classical methods of Sturm’s theory to problems of this type. We established new criteria for comparison and oscillation properties and new approaches used to obtain these criteria. The obtained results extend and generalizes the Sturm’s classical theorems on comparison and oscillation.
First record of slender red scad, Decapterus smithvanizi (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Carangidae), from the Philippines
Authors: Delloro Jr. Emmanuel S. , Babaran Ricardo P. , Gaje Arnold C. , Cambronero Pearlyn T. , Alama Ulysses B. , Motomura Hiroyuki
Published: September 2021

Ten specimens (187.3–226.9 mm standard length) of slender red scad, Decapterus smithvanizi Kimura, Katahira et Kuriiwa, 2013, previously reported from the Andaman Sea, South China Sea, Taiwan, Japan, Thailand, Indonesia, Myanmar, and Pakistan, were collected off Iloilo (Panay Island), the Philippines. The presently reported specimens represent the first record of the species from the Philippines. A detailed description of the specimens is provided, with a comparison to other commonly-caught species of red-fin Decapterus in the area.
Le T.A.T. à l’épreuve de l’analyse structurale. Partie I. Épistémologie, histoire et méthode
Authors: Bonnet Christian , Chevalier Julie
Published: September 2021

Le T.A.T. ( Thematic Apperception Test ) est une méthode projective au succès remarquable. Cependant, épistémologiquement et historiquement, les méthodes d’analyse de protocole laissent peu de place au concept de structure narrative. En France, au moment des scissions dans le mouvement psychanalytique, l’École de Paris a produit une méthode psychanalytique avec les P.E.D. (procédés d’élaboration du discours) synthétisée dans une feuille de dépouillement. Nous proposons une option à cette méthode en recourant à l’analyse structurale des récits. Ceci permet, d’une part, de se dégager de préoccupations nosographiques et de réduire nettement l’intérêt pour les mécanismes de défense du moi et, d’autre part, de promouvoir l’analyse des processus inconscients organisant tout récit. Notre méthode structurale demeure ainsi psychanalytique, mais s’écarte de la logique diagnostique au profit d’une logique d’analyse et de formalisation de la problématique inconsciente du sujet.
Logique psychotique d’(auto-) destruction et meurtre de masse. Le cas de Denis Lortie à la lumière de la psychanalyse. Partie II. Le passage à l’acte, ses ressorts et ses conséquences
Authors: Trichet Yohan
Published: September 2021

Cet article, qui constitue la seconde partie d’une étude psychanalytique du cas Lortie (Trichet, 2020), s’attache à l’analyse des ressorts et des incidences psychiques de l’attentat chez Denis Lortie. De nouveaux éléments cliniques, issus de la captation vidéo, de sa déclaration statutaire et des procès notamment, permettent de revenir sur nos précédents développements sur le sacrifice et la perte. Ils sont également l’occasion de discuter certaines hypothèses de Legendre selon lequel cet attentat aurait valeur de parricide et représenterait un crime de notre temps. Bien que située hors discours, la logique psychotique n’est pas sans coordonnées sociopolitiques. Le cas Lortie montre que des tensions sociales, actualisant la faille de l’Autre, sont susceptibles de venir localiser le réel insupportable pour certains sujets psychotiques, qui tentent alors de le traiter par un passage à l’acte.
Les représentations de l’école pour des élèves en situation de handicap
Authors: Chevallier-Rodrigues Émilie , Courtinat-Camps Amélie , de Léonardis Myriam
Published: September 2021

L’objectif de la recherche est de questionner le sens de l’expérience scolaire d’élèves en situation de handicap, à partir de l’étude des représentations qu’ils se font de l’école. Cent onze élèves orientés pour déficience intellectuelle légère, 50 filles et 61 garçons, âgés de 7,5 ans à 16 ans, scolarisés en « classe pour l’inclusion scolaire » (Clis), « unité localisée pour l’inclusion scolaire » (Ulis) et « institut médico-éducatif » (Ime) ont été invités à produire individuellement deux dessins : l’un « de l’école réelle », l’autre de « l’école imaginaire » (au sens de Caglar, 1990), puis à répondre oralement à un certain nombre de questions visant à préciser ces représentations et leur vécu à l’école. Les analyses révèlent l’existence d’un type d’école inédite, l’école « sociale déserte », au sein de laquelle aucun personnage humain n’est représenté. Les élèves ne mentionnent aucune relation dans leurs espaces récréatifs. Les données de l’étude contribuent à interroger l’inclusion scolaire.
Le dessin comme outil d’élaboration du traumatisme psychique dans un dispositif de soins en Afrique
Authors: Dozio Elisabetta , Caron Léopoldine , Gady Christine , Bizouerne Cécile
Published: September 2021

Dans les contextes humanitaires, en particulier lors des situations de conflits, une large partie de la population est exposée à des évènements traumatiques. La prise en charge des personnes traumatisées peut s’avérer difficile quand les patients montrent des difficultés à verbaliser leur souffrance, que ce soit du fait des spécificités culturelles et contextuelles, ou de la sidération psychique lorsque les événements traumatiques débouchent sur un état de stress post-traumatique. Nous présenterons un dispositif de prise en charge groupale pour adultes, proposé par l’ONG Action contre la Faim dans trois pays d’Afrique Centrale: le Tchad, la Centrafrique et la République Démocratique du Congo. Dans le cadre de ce dispositif, l’outil « dessin » a été introduit comme une médiation thérapeutique pour faciliter la capacité de symbolisation et d’élaboration du vécu traumatique. Malgré quelques hésitations initiales d’utiliser un moyen d’usage peu courant chez les habitants des zones rurales, nous avons constaté que les patients pouvaient s’approprier cette forme de médiation pour s’exprimer de façon moins douloureuse que par la mise en mots. Grâce au « dessin » ils ont pu accéder plus facilement aux souvenirs douloureux, ritualiser les processus de deuil, partager avec le groupe l’indicible dans un processus individuel et collectif, qui s’est avéré fondamentale dans la dynamique d’élaboration du deuil et de réparation de l’effraction traumatique.
Une petite table au milieu
Authors: Bruni Claudia , Dal Verme Sabina , Finzi Ida , Oltolini Ilaria
Published: September 2021

Depuis 2003, la coopérative Crinali à Milan a mis en place des consultations transculturelles inspirées du dispositif et de la méthodologie proposés par Marie Rose Moro. Ces consultations accueillent des familles en situation de migration et la place accordée aux enfants y est centrale. Des feuilles et des crayons sont mis à leur disposition pour leur permettre de dessiner. L’article souligne la spécificité des dessins recueillis – liée à leur double appartenance et à l’expérience migratoire – ainsi que le potentiel de transformation que les productions des enfants introduisent au sein du dispositif transculturel.
Les objets des familles de déportés à l’épreuve du temps
Authors: Cognet Anna , Masson Céline
Published: September 2021

La collecte des archives de la Shoah avec l’opération « Confiez-nous vos archives » débutée en 2014 par le Mémorial de la Shoah, a permis le recueil d’objets et de documents précieux autant pour l’histoire que pour la mémoire. Parmi eux, deux poupées, que deux petites filles juives ont dû laisser derrière elles lorsqu’elles ont été arrêtées par la gendarmerie française en 1944, avant d’être déportées et exterminées. D’un côté, deux jouets d’enfants qui ont été conservés par trois générations d’une famille de voisins qui ignoraient tout ou presque de ces petites filles ; de l’autre, de longues listes de noms de déportés sans visage, sans histoire. L’article retrace l’histoire de ces fillettes. Les auteures cherchent à perpétuer la mémoire de celles à qui elles ont appartenu et ainsi montrer que l’objet, concrétion mémorielle, offre un support matériel aux images et devient garant de cette mémoire traumatique. Ces objets transmettent l’histoire de la déportation des Juifs de France à partir de l’histoire tragique de ces enfants et relient passé, présent et avenir.
Le Centre d’Accueil et de Crise Ginette Amado
Authors: Équipe pluri-professionnelle du Cen
Published: September 2021

Dans cet article, nous souhaitons présenter l’approche de soins telle qu’elle se pratique au Centre d’Accueil et de Crise (CAC) Ginette AMADO. Cette structure fait partie intégrante du secteur de psychiatrie générale des 5-6 èmes arrondissements de Paris. Pour nous, il représente la concrétisation des principes fondateurs du secteur appliqués à l’urgence. Succinctement : prévenir la crise en donnant de l’importance à la prévention et accueillir toute demande urgente en gardant en tête la coordination et la continuité des soins (Amado et al. , 1985).
Open die forging process simulation: a simplified industrial approach based on artificial neural network
Authors: Di Schino Andrea ,   Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy
Published: September 2021

Simulations by Finite element analysis (FEM) of open die forging process related to different configurations are quite common in industry to optimize the process. This approach, anyway, is relatively slow to be performed: hence it is not suitable for online optimization of the forging processes. In this paper a simplified approach is proposed aimed to describe the plastic strain at the core of the forged component. The proposed approach takes into account the plastic deformation at the core of the forged component and consists on a thermo-mechanical FEM model implementation allowing to define a set of equations giving as output the plastic strain at the core of the piece as a function of the forging parameters. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is trained and tested aimed to relate the equation coefficients with the forging to obtain the behavior of plastic strain at the core of the piece.
Automatic measurement of fetal femur length in ultrasound images: a comparison of random forest regression model and SegNet
Authors: Zhu Fengcheng ,   Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China, Liu Mengyuan , Wang Feifei , Qiu Di , Li Ruiman , Dai Chenyang ,   Anesthesiology department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Published: September 2021

The aim of this work is the preliminary clinical validation and accuracy evaluation of our automatic algorithms in assessing progression fetal femur length (FL) in ultrasound images. To compare the random forest regression model with the SegNet model from the two aspects of accuracy and robustness. In this study, we proposed a traditional machine learning method to detect the endpoints of FL based on a random forest regression model. Deep learning methods based on SegNet were proposed for the automatic measurement method of FL, which utilized skeletonization processing and improvement of the full convolution network. Then the automatic measurement results of the two methods were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively with the results marked by doctors. 436 ultrasonic fetal femur images were evaluated by the two methods above. Compared the results of the above three methods with doctor's manual annotations, the automatic measurement method of femur length based on the random forest regression model was 1.23 ± 4.66 mm and the method based on SegNet was 0.46 ± 2.82 mm. The indicator for evaluating distance was significantly lower than the previous literature. Measurement method based SegNet performed better in the case of femoral end adhesion, low contrast, and noise interference similar to the shape of the femur. The segNet-based method achieves promising performance compared with the random forest regression model, which can improve the examination accuracy and robustness of the measurement of fetal femur length in ultrasound images.
Les « classes spéciales d’anormaux » de la ville de Bordeaux (1900-1933)
Authors: Hello Éric
Published: September 2021

Cet article, qui s’appuie sur des documents publiés et sur l’exploitation d’archives locales et notamment un album de photographies légendées inédit, retrace la genèse et le devenir d’un projet de création de « classes spéciales » pour enfants « anormaux psychiques » au sein des écoles primaires publiques de la ville de Bordeaux. Pour ce faire, nous nous proposons d’étudier le rôle central joué par le psychiatre Emmanuel Régis (1855-1918) pour la planification puis l’instauration progressive de ces classes à partir de l’année 1900. En revenant sur leur mise en place administrative, sur les critères retenus pour le recrutement des élèves, sur leur programme et sur leur fonctionnement, notre but est de mieux comprendre, en les contextualisant, les choix opérés par Régis. Pourquoi des classes de perfectionnement au sein d’écoles ordinaires plutôt que des instituts médico-pédagogiques autonomes ? Cette création relève-t-elle de la volonté de l’aliéniste ou d’une orientation voulue alors par le système éducatif ? L’éclaircissement de ces questions nous permettra aussi d’évaluer les prétentions novatrices du projet.
« Jeunes filles interrompues » : adolescentes en psychiatrie (Genève, 1960-2000)
Authors: Vernay Olivia
Published: September 2021

Dans les années 1960, la persistance de représentations genrées de la déviance juvénile engendre un traitement différentiel selon le sexe en ce qui concerne la prise en charge de la « jeunesse irrégulière » conduisant notamment à une absence d’institution de placement pour les jeunes filles dites déviantes. Celles-ci sont dès lors placées à l’hôpital psychiatrique cantonal de Genève, dans un environnement inadapté à leurs besoins éducatifs. Malgré une évolution certaine depuis les années 1980, tant dans le champ de la protection de l’enfance que de la prise en charge psychiatrique, cette situation perdure et des adolescentes sont encore internées en psychiatrie dans des pavillons dévolus aux adultes à la fin des années 1990. Cet article s’attache à comprendre les raisons de cet immobilisme et du traitement qui est réservé à ces adolescentes.
La « fabrique » des garçons
Authors: Revenin Régis
Published: September 2021

Cet article restitue certains aspects des parcours biographiques de jeunes garçons hétérosexuels dans le Paris populaire des années 1960, autour de quelques thématiques précises : définitions de soi et identités, flirts, « première fois », violences de genre, etc. Il cherche aussi à susciter des recherches historiques sur les jeunes hétérosexuels à partir de matériaux inédits, comme les archives judiciaires, largement mobilisées dans cet article, et qui se révèlent particulièrement heuristiques pour les travaux sur l’hétérosexualité, sujet encore peu étudié.
Editorial
Authors: Sita Patrícia Coradim , Vicentini Max Rogerio , Lemos Italo Lins
Published: September 2021

Editorial do volume 43(1) de 2021
Influence of Glucose Fluctuation on Peripheral Nerve Damage in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Kim Yu Ji , Lee Na Young , Lee Kyung Ae , Park Tae Sun , Jin Heung Yong
Published: September 2021

Background: It is unclear whether glycemic variability (GV) is a risk factor for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and whether control of GV is beneficial for DPN. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of GV on peripheral nerve damage by inducing glucose fluctuation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods: Rats were divided into four groups: normal (normal glucose group [NOR]), diabetes without treatment (sustained severe hyperglycemia group; diabetes mellitus [DM]), diabetes+once daily insulin glargine (stable hyperglycemia group; DM+LAN), and diabetes+once daily insulin glargine with twice daily insulin glulisine (unstable glucose fluctuation group; DM+Lantus [LAN]+Apidra [API]). We measured anti-oxidant enzyme levels and behavioral responses against tactile, thermal, and pressure stimuli in the plasma of rats. We also performed a quantitative comparison of cutaneous and sciatic nerves according to glucose fluctuation.Results: At week 24, intraepidermal nerve fiber density was less reduced in the insulin-administered groups compared to the DM group (P<0.05); however, a significant difference was not observed between the DM+LAN and DM+LAN+API groups irrespective of glucose fluctuation (P>0.05; 16.2±1.6, 12.4±2.0, 14.3±0.9, and 13.9±0.6 for NOR, DM, DM+LAN, and DM+LAN+API, respectively). The DM group exhibited significantly decreased glutathione levels compared to the insulin-administered groups (2.64±0.10 μmol/mL, DM+LAN; 1.93±0.0 μmol/mL, DM+LAN+API vs. 1.25±0.04 μmol/mL, DM; P<0.05).Conclusion: Our study suggests that glucose control itself is more important than glucose fluctuation in the prevention of peripheral nerve damage, and intra-day glucose fluctuation has a limited effect on the progression of peripheral neuropathy in rats with diabetes.
Monitoring of large mining induced seismic events
Authors: Plouffe M , Mottahed P , Lebel D , Côté M
Published: September 2021

CANMET/MRL's contribution to the Canadian Rockburst Research Program is the study of the mining induced seismic events located in the upper range of magnitude, i.e., magnitude 1.0 and above.
To achieve this objective, a remote-controlled macroseismic system was designed and developed which is now operating in four mines across northern Ontario. A menu-driven waveform analysis software was also developed in-house to analyze the waveforms recorded.
To determine magnitude from local mine camps, a network of eight regional seismograph stations is being operated by MRL. The most important part of this network is the Sudbury Local Telemetered Network that includes three uniaxial and one triaxial outstations. Empirical local magnitude scales were
developed in order to extend national magnitude values to smaller seismic events.
Rare cause of omental torsion secondary to left inguinoscrotal hernia
Authors: Grover Kanav , Ahluwalia Saumya , Ahluwalia Srishti , Dhanota Devinderpal S. , Saggar Kavita , Ahluwalia Archana
Published: September 2021

Torsion of the greater omentum is a rare acute abdominal condition that is seldom diagnosed preoperatively. We present the unusual case of a 32-year-old male with secondary omental torsion due to a long-standing inguinoscrotal hernia. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed a heterogeneous fat-density mass, with a characteristic whirling pattern of concentric streaks within the greater omentum has been rarely described. An index of suspicion of omental torsion due to inguinoscrotal hernia as a differential diagnosis in the acute abdomen setting is necessary in the diagnosis and management of this rare combination.
A comparison of meta-analysis results with and without adjustment for the healthy worker effect: cancer mortality among workers in the semiconductor industry
Authors: Hwang Sung-Ho , Park Moon-Young , Lee Won Jin , Park Inho , Hong Kimyong , Park Donguk , Lee Kyoung-Mu
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVES: This study compared the results of meta-analysis with and without adjustment for the healthy worker effect on the association between working in the semiconductor industry and cancer mortality.METHODS: Six studies that reported standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for cancers were selected for meta-analysis. Using a random-effects model, the SMR results from each study were combined for all cancers and leukemias to estimate the summary SMRs (95% confidence interval, CI). To adjust for the healthy worker effect, the relative standardized mortality ratio (rSMR=SMRx/SMRnot x) were calculated using observed and expected counts for the specific cause of interest (i.e., all cancers and leukemias) and the observed and expected counts for all other causes of mortality. Then, the rSMR results were combined to estimate the summary rSMRs (95% CIs).RESULTS: The SMRs for all causes of mortality among semiconductor industry workers ranged from 0.25 to 0.80, which reflects a significant healthy worker effect. A remarkable difference was found between the summary SMRs and the summary rSMRs. The summary SMR for all cancers was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.63 to 0.79) whereas the summary rSMR was 1.38 (95% CI, 1.20 to 1.59). The summary SMR for leukemia was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.72 to 1.07), and the summary rSMR was 1.88 (95% CI, 1.20 to 2.95).CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that adjustment for the healthy worker effect (i.e., rSMR) may be useful in meta-analyses of cohort studies reporting SMRs.
Bacillus of Calmette and Guérin (BCG) and the risk of leprosy in Ciudad del Este, Paraguay, 2016-2017
Authors: Cuevas Nancy Carolina , Cardenas Victor M.
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVES: Paraguay has experienced a 35% reduction in the detected incidence of leprosy during the last ten years, as the vaccination coverage against tuberculosis (Bacillus of Calmette and Guérin [BCG] vaccine) reached ≥95% among infants. The objective of this case-control study was to evaluate the protective effect of BCG on the risk of leprosy.METHODS: We used a population-based case-control study of 20 leprosy confirmed cases reported among residents of Ciudad del Este, Paraguay, diagnosed in 2016-2017. Three controls were selected from a random sample of households from the city. We assessed vaccine effectiveness using 1- odds ratio [OR], and confounding for age, gender, education, occupation, and marital status using stratified and exact logistic regression, and explored if there was effect modification calculating the synergy factor (SF) and relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI).RESULTS: After controlling for age, gender, education, occupation and marital status, the OR of BCG scar on the risk of leprosy was 0.10 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02 to 0.45), for an estimate of vaccine effectiveness of 89.5% reduced risk of leprosy (95% CI, 55.2 to 98.1). There was evidence of heterogeneity by which the effectiveness of BCG seemed stronger among younger persons (Breslow-Day and Z-test of the SF had a p<0.05), and both the RERI and SF indicated a less then multiplicative and additive interaction of BCG and younger age.CONCLUSIONS: BCG vaccination was associated with a decreased risk of leprosy in the study population, particularly in persons born after 1980.
Influence of breed on the quality of in vivo produced embryos from Boran and Holstein Friesian cross dairy breed in Ethiopia
Authors: Jemal Hamid , Degefa Tamrat , Ali Sayid , Lemma Alemayehu
Published: September 2021

The variation of the dairy breed can determine the success of bovine embryo transfer by influencing the quantity and quality of in vivo embryo production. In this experiment, output and quality of in vivo produced embryos using semen of progeny tested Holstein Friesian (HF) sire in Boran and HF*Boran F1 cross cows, and semen from purebred Boran sire in HF*Boran F1 cross and Boran cows were evaluated. Boran (n=18) and HF*Boran cross (n=18) breed donor dams were superovulated using a previously optimized follicular  stimulating hormone (FSH) (Pluset®) dose regimen: 650 IU for HF*Boran cross and 250 IU for Boran breeds. Each cow was flushed on  Day-7 post insemination and embryos were evaluated for their developmental stages and quality. Superovulatory response rates were 88.9% and 83.3%, respectively, for Boran and HF*Boran with no significant (P>0.05) breed differences. Total recovery rates were relatively lower (56.5%) in Boran compared to in HF*Boran (67.4%). The mean (±SE) embryo flush outputs were 6.5±0.8 for Boran and 6.9±0.7 forHF*Boran with no significant breed difference. Recovery of a transferrable embryo was significantly higher (68.0%; P<0.05) in HF*Boran dam inseminated with HF sire semen. Boran cows yielded a significantly higher (P<0.05) proportion of unfertilized ovum (57.6 %)  irrespective of the sire breeds. Comparatively, a higher number of degenerated embryos were produced by HF*Boran cows. This study demonstrated that the presence of breed-related differences in both the quality and quantity of in vivo produced Bovine embryos.
Supply chain of some medicines in health facilities in Jos, Nigeria: post Federal Ministry of Health mapping survey
Authors: Ngwuluka Ndidi C. , Akindele Ibironke M. , Ochekpe Nelson A.
Published: September 2021

The Nigerian health system is fraught with inadequate personnel, weak logistics systems and poor service delivery. The Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) report on mapping of partners’ procurement and supply management systems for medical products with its recommendations was evaluated. An assessment of Supply Chain Management (SCM) of health facilities as well as the different categories of personnel that manage them was conducted. The study indicated 79.5% of the facilities received free antimalarials, 46.2% received free ARV and 23.1% received free antituberculosis. Facilities (94.9%) were not involved in the product selection as it was undertaken by providers. Also, 65.4% of the facilities received expiring drugs, 87.2% did not have well trained and efficient staff. In addition, 88.5% admitted that supplies were sometimes delayed and they (65.4%) are usually not intimated of the reasons, 66.2% do not calculate average monthly consumption, 59.5% submit LMIS report monthly while 60.0% do not have inventory control system. The study indicated that stock out and supply interruptions still exist several years after FMoH survey and recommendations. This study found that logistic challenges still exist at the SDPs implying that either FMoH recommendations were not implemented or implementation was ineffective in addressing the challenges.

Keywords: inventory management, logistics, procurement and supply management, supply chain management
Susceptibility and molecular characterization of mec A- and mec B-positive community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from students
Authors: Olorunfemi Patrick O. , Ngwuluka Ndidi C. , Onaolapo Josiah A. , Ibrahim Yakubu K.E.
Published: September 2021

Staphylococcus aureus is an organism of great public health importance. It is widely studied because it is virulent, causes life threatening disease and has ability to adapt to diverse environmental conditions and so develops resistance to antibiotics easily. As a result, there is a need for surveillance of its antibiotic resistance and resistance genes. The susceptibility and molecular characterization of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus recovered from urine samples of healthy students were undertaken. Standard procedures were employed for isolation, identification, susceptibility, and polymerase chain reaction analyses. Out of 217 samples collected, 73 were confirmed Staphylococcus aureus. Most of the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and vancomycin followed by gentamicin and co-trimoxazole and least susceptible to penicillin, cefotaxime, ofloxacin and cefoxitin. Thirty-two (32) isolates were resistant to 5 antibiotics while 3 isolates were resistant to the 11 antibiotics used in this study. Sixteen phenotypically methicillin resistant isolates contained mecA gene while ten of the isolates also showed the presence of mecB gene. The characteristic Sa442 and nuc genes of Staphylococcus aureus and the presence of spa gene confirmed MRSA. Continous surveillance for antibiotic resistance and resistance genes is paramount at local, regional and national levels. Surveillance data will assist in implementing interventions.

Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, mecA, mecB, CA-MRSA; Surveillance
Measurement of ambient dose rates in tantalite mining sites in Oke ̶ Ogun, southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Ajetunmobi A.E. , Alausa S.K. , Coker J.O. , David T.W. , Talabi A.T.
Published: September 2021

The work scenarios involved in the mining of tantalite a radioactive material expose the miners to ionizing radiation from the ore and the surrounding environment. The dose level in the mine air may be higher than the safe limit due to various contributory sources of ionizing radiation such as radionuclides from rocks, effluents, sand, and radon gas that emanates from caves and this can be of health detriment to the miners. Measurements of ambient dose rates in four selected mining sites have been investigated. Gamma absorbed dose rates were measured in air onsite at Komu, Sepenteri, Gbedu, and Eluku mining sites in Oke-Ogun areas of Oyo State, Nigeria using GammaRAE II dosimeter. Radiation dose to risk software was used to estimate the cancer risk for the period the miners spent onsite. The measured mean dose rate at the sites falls within the range of (19-240) nSv/y and the estimated annual dose rate, cumulative dose, and cancer risk fall within the range of (37-314) μSv/y, (4.0 ̶ 11.1) mSv and (0.5 ̶ 4.5) E-04 respectively. The upper limits of the range for the radiological parameters are all above the safe limit. The health implication of that is that increased work activities at these mining sites may over the years have a negative health effect on the miners. The exposure time of workers can be reduced through proper planning of working shifts for the miners.
Ground magnetic survey for the investigation of magnetic minerals at Iboro Village, Abeokuta, south-western Nigeria
Authors: Popoola O.I. , Adenuga O.A. , Joshua E.O.
Published: September 2021

The geological map of the old western region of Nigeria indicates the presence of iron ore deposit at Iboro village Ogun state (7.9983o - 7.99933o N, 3.5790o - 3.5890o E). Hence a ground magnetic survey was carried out at a location at Iboro village so as to delineate the subsurface magnetic anomalies and to know whether the anomalies favour accumulation of magnetic minerals. The survey was carried out using high resolution proton precession magnetometer model G-856X. Eight traverses were run at 5m separations and earth magnetic intensity values were measured at 10m intervals along each traverse; the acquired data were corrected for drift. The residual anomalies obtained by removal of regional gradient from observed data using trend analysis were presented as profiles and maps. The treated data were qualitatively and quantitatively interpreted and the results gave values for the total ground magnetic anomalies that varied between a minimum and maximum peak values of about -33.0 and 30.6nT respectively. Depth to the basement rock was estimated using Peter’s half slope method which gave a maximum depth of about 13m. The contour maps and the total relative graphs present the subsurface picture of the geological structure that is assumed to harbour the metallic minerals through the action of the field towards the concentration of anomalies. It was suspected that the overburden was relatively thin in the study area and the minerals were at a shallow depth.
Primary Care Physician Workforce 2020 to 2025 – a cross-sectional study for the Canton of Bern
Authors: Stierli Rahel , Rozsnyai Zsofia , Felber Rainer , Jörg Reto , Kraft Esther , Exadaktylos Aristomenis K , Streit Sven
Published: September 2021

AIM OF THIS STUDY: The Swiss primary care sector faces a lack in its workforce and the Canton of Bern - the second largest canton (i.e. federal state) – is believed to be more affected than others. To be able to predict a shortage in the overall workforce, reliable numbers for the workforce of all general practitioners (GPs) and paediatricians (primary care physicians, PCPs) actively working in the Canton of Bern are needed. Switzerland has no registry of active PCPs; therefore, our goal was to (1) define the number and characteristics of all PCPs in the Canton of Bern, (2) to establish the workforce density for the whole canton and its administrative districts, and (3) to forecast the next five years with respect to the PCP workforce development.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we contacted all potential PCPs of the Canton of Bern. We included all board-certified physicians in general internal medicine, paediatrics and physicians with the title “Praktischer Arzt (practical doctor)” with a professional license from the available registers (MedReg and the FMH register). All potential PCPs received a questionnaire to assess their involvement in the primary care setting, their personal characteristics including workload (current and in 5 years to allow us to estimate the projected workforce per projected population size in 2025), type of practice, administrative district, and additional questions on their acceptance of new patients and their perception of a shortage in their region. The data from non-responders were collected via follow-up letters, emails and phone calls. The density was calculated as full-time equivalent PCPs per 1000 inhabitants in total and per district.
RESULTS: From all potential PCPs (n = 2217), we identified 972  working in the Canton of Bern, 851 as GPs (88%) and 121 as paediatricians (12%). From these physicians, we had a response rate of 95%. The mean age was 53 years for GPs and 50 years for paediatricians. Thirteen percent of all PCPs were aged 65 or older. The average workload was 7.6 half-days (GPs) and 6.9 half-days (paediatricians). We found a density of 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69–0.81) full-time equivalents per 1000 inhabitants for the total of the Canton of Bern, and a regional variability with densities between 0.59 to 0.93. Without new PCPs, the workforce density of PCPs will drop to 0.56 (95% CI 0.49–0.62) within the next 5 years.
CONCLUSION: This is the first study in which 95% of active PCPs participated and it demonstrated that within the next 5 years there will be a shortage in the workforce of PCPs that can only be improved by higher numbers of new domestic PCPs – even after accounting for the current inflow of foreign PCPs.