bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Sustainable Concrete Properties by Green Vegetable Substance
Authors: Hasan Abdulabbas Zainab , Asad Salih Marwa , Talib Jasim Ali
Published: March 2021

From several points of view, disposal of waste materials in an environment is respected to be a significant problem because of its very low biodegradability and existence in huge quantities. Waste of plastic and metal bottles caps, cans of juices and soft drink, and tires rubber being among the most pronounced. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of reusing these waste materials in concrete production and solve the segregation problem. As segregation increases in concrete involving these waste materials due to lighter weight of them relative to nature aggregate, therefore, attention was intensive on using natural product (Gum Arabic) that is an environmentally friendly chemical material for improving concrete properties. The conducted tests include; compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, density, water absorption, and ultrasonic pulse velocity. The results showed that replacing the volume of coarse aggregate by 25% compacted bottles caps and pull-tab of cans, 20% the plastic bottle caps, and 25% tires rubber shreds used decreased the mechanical properties of concrete to some extent less than reference mix and they were enhanced by employing Gum Arabic. In addition, the employment of Gum Arabic as liquid in concrete mixes developed the mechanical properties of concrete, reduced segregation, however raised the water absorption percent and declined the density of concrete.
Laboratory and Field Evaluation of some Bio and Chemical Insecticides Against Nymphs and Adults of Ceroplasts Rusci L. (Coccidae: Hemiptera)
Authors: Sh. Mansor M. , Mohamed  Hashem Nayef
Published: March 2021

The present work including laboratory and field experimental test to evaluate the efficiency of different insecticides (systemic and biocides). Laboratory works including different concentrations for Mitrixin, Levo, Evisect, Polo and Actara for Ceroplasts rusci L. insect in leaf. Mortality percentage reading after two days. Field works were including the best concentration of insecticides achieved the highest mortality percentage for nymphs and adults of Ceroplasts rusci in the tree. The Mortality percentage reading after one, two, seven, fourteen days.Laboratory results showed that the efficiency of insecticides significantly variant is depending to concentration and type of insecticides. The corrected Mortality percentage was increased by increasing the concentration and type of insecticides. The Mortality percentage (59.23, 53.94, 52.25) insect/leaf increase for insecticides (Mitrixin, Levo, Evisect) respectively. In a field study, the effect of insecticide toxicity for nymphs and adults of  C. rusci L. (Coccidae: Hemiptera) was tested. The Results showed that the insecticides Mitrixin distinction in the after two weeks treatment and levo insecticide in after a day treatment and after two weeks treatment while the lethal rate is (64.32, 63.49, 58.73) insect/leaf in  (Matrixin, Levo, Evisect), respectively.
Behavior of Swelling Soils Saturated with Magnetized Water
Authors: Muhauwiss Farouk M. , AL–Faoury Ahmed A. E.
Published: March 2021

This paper presents an experimental study on the behavior of swelling soils saturated with magnetized water. Parameters investigated were free swelling and swelling pressure of clayey soil saturated in magnetized water with four magnetic intensities (500, 1000, 1500, and 2000). Three specimens (extracted from three different locations in Iraq) were tested in different magnetic intensities and compared with a soil specimen saturated with ordinary water. Magnetized water was produced by passing water through a P.V.C. pipe bounded with a magnetic field. It was found that the value of swelling pressure and free swelling (of the soils saturated with magnetized water) increase with the increase of magnetic intensities. In specific, the value of free swelling and swelling pressure ranging between 26.38% - 59.0 % and 32.16% - 161.16%, respectively.
Bequest-Embedded Annuities and Tontines
Authors: Chen An , Rach Manuel
Published: March 2021

In the present paper, we propose death benefits be directly embedded in retirement products to promote their attractiveness, where annuities and tontines are used as representative retirement products. As we assume that the death benefits will be passed on to the heirs of policyholders, these benefits can be considered as bequests. We find that both from the policyholders’ and insurers’ perspective, embedding bequests directly in the retirement products can increase the attractiveness of the retirement products and promote their sale. From the insurers’ perspective, without including death benefits, the insurers play purely an administrative role in a tontine product, while adding the bequest benefits makes the tontines real insurance products and incentivizes the insurers to actively provide these innovative retirement products. Further, adding the bequest benefits upon the death of the policyholder, some natural hedging is incorporated in the survival payments, which reduces the solvency capital the insurers are required to set aside.
Transient generalized proximal tubular dysfunction in an infant with a urinary tract infection: the effect of maternal infliximab therapy?
Authors: Schreuder Michiel F. , de Jong Huib , van der Kuur Ellen C. , Cornelissen Elisabeth A.M.
Published: March 2021

Objectives

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in childhood. Distal tubular dysfunction during a UTI is relatively common, but proximal tubular involvement is a unique feature in humans.

Case presentation

We present the first case of transient generalized proximal tubular dysfunction (renal Fanconi syndrome) in an infant with an UTI. During pregnancy, his mother was treated for Crohn’s disease with infliximab (last dose at 28 weeks of gestation). He presented at the age of six weeks with a reduced intake, and was found to have amino-aciduria, glucosuria, and urinary loss of potassium, bicarbonate and low-molecular-weight proteins. Within a few weeks after antibiotic treatment for the UTI, no proximal tubular disorder remained and the boy is doing well.

Conclusions

We hypothesize that the inflammatory response caused by the UTI was more profoundly present due to the maternal infliximab therapy, and thereby included not only the distal but also the proximal tubules.
Antitumor effects of Auraptene in 4T1 tumor‐bearing Balb/c mice
Authors: Shiran Mohammad Reza. , Amani Davar , Ajami Abolghasem , Jalalpourroodsari Mahshad , Khalizadeh Maghsoud , Rashidi Mohsen
Published: March 2021

Objectives

Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor in women with limited treatment options and multiple side effects. Today, the anti-cancer properties of natural compounds have attracted widespread attention from researchers worldwide.

Methods

In this study, we treated 4T1 tumor-bearing Balb/c mice with intraperitoneal injection of Auraptene, paraffin oil, and saline as two control groups. Body weight and tumor volume were measured before and after treatment. Hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining and immunohistochemistry of Ki-67 were used as markers of proliferation. In addition, ELISA assays were performed to assess serum IFN-γ and IL-4 levels.

Results

There was no significant change in body weight in all animal groups before and after treatment. 10 days after the last treatment, Auraptene showed its anti-cancer effect, which was confirmed by the smaller tumor volume and H & E staining. In addition, Ki-67 expression levels were significantly reduced in tumor samples from the Auraptene-treated group compared to the paraffin oil and saline-treated groups. In addition, in tumor-bearing and normal mice receiving Auraptene treatment, IL-4 serum production levels were reduced, while serum levels of IFN-γ were significantly up-regulated in tumor-bearing mice after Auraptene treatment.

Conclusions

In the case of inhibition of tumor volume and Ki-67 proliferation markers, Auraptene can effectively inhibit tumor growth in breast cancer animal models. In addition, it might increases Th1 and CD8 + T cell responses after reducing IL-4 serum levels and IFN-γ upregulation, respectively. However, further research is needed to clarify its mechanism of action.
Magnetogasdynamic shock wave propagation using the method of group invariance in rotating medium with the flux of monochromatic radiation and azimuthal magnetic field
Authors: Nath G. , Devi Arti
Published: March 2021

The propagation of a cylindrical shock wave in rotating medium with azimuthal magnetic field under the action of monochromatic radiation using a method of group invariance is investigated. To derive similarity solutions as well as exact solutions, the group invariance technique is used. All classes of the solutions depending on the absorption coefficient are discussed by considering absorption coefficient to be variable or constant. A similarity solution is obtained, when the absorption coefficient is assumed to be variable. Two cases of solutions with a power law shock path are obtained by the different choices of arbitrary constants involving in the infinitesimal generators of the Lie group of transformations. To obtain the similarity solution in the case of the power law shock path, the density, magnetic field, axial and azimuthal velocity components are assumed to be varying and obeying power laws in the undisturbed medium. It is observed that with increase in the values of Alfven Mach number, adiabatic exponent and rotational parameter, shock strength decreases. The effects of variation of magnetic field strength, adiabatic exponent, rotational parameter and initial magnetic field variation index on the flow variables and on shock waves are analyzed graphically. Also, all classes of exact solutions are obtained by considering a constant absorption coefficient.
Does the Contract Type Matter? Impact of Marketing and Production Contracts on Cashew Farmers’ Farm Performance in Ghana
Authors: Dubbert Caroline , Abdulai Awudu
Published: March 2021

Many studies show that participation in contract farming has positive impacts on farm productivity and incomes. Most of the literature, however, does not take into account that contracts vary in their specifications, making empirical evidence scarce on the diverse impacts of different types of contracts. In this study, we investigate the driving forces of participation in marketing and production contracts, relative to spot markets. We also study the extent to which different contract types add additional benefits to smallholder farmers, using recent survey data of 389 cashew farmers in Ghana. To account for selection bias arising from observed and unobserved factors, we apply a multinomial endogenous switching regression method and implement a counterfactual analysis. The empirical results demonstrate that farmers who participate in production contracts obtain significantly higher cashew yields, cashew net revenues, and are more food secure compared to spot market farmers. We also find substantial heterogeneity in the impact of marketing and production contracts across scale of operation. Small sized farms that participate in production contracts tend to benefit the most. Marketing contracts, however, do not appear to benefit cashew farmers.
Sexual Consent without Passivity
Authors: Dougherty Tom
Published: March 2021

In “The Opposite of Rape,” John Gardner defends two central claims. The first claim is that consent is not necessary for morally permissible sex and the second claim is that giving consent pride of place in sexual offence policy has the unwelcome consequence of reinforcing sexist ideology. Gardner’s arguments for both claims rely on what I call the “Passive Consent Thesis” which is the thesis that “if A gives consent to B in a sexual encounter, then A is passive and B is active in the encounter.” Gardner argues that if sex that is good in a key respect, then they engage in joint sexual activity that is free of this asymmetry of agency. Building on work by Karamvir Chadha, I respond that even if someone is passive with respect to the action to which they consent, they can still be active with respect to a different action that they perform themselves. Consequently, I maintain that two people can give each other consent while engaging in joint sexual activity.
Intra-individual variation in adults and children: measuring and conceptualizing individual dialect–standard repertoires
Authors: Kaiser Irmtraud , Ender Andrea
Published: March 2021

This paper explores intra-individual variation as a manifestation of language-internal multilingualism in the Central-Bavarian Austrian context. Based on speech data from children and adults in different contexts, we discuss different methods of measuring and analyzing inter-situational variation along the dialect and standard language spectrum. By contrasting measures of dialectality, on the one hand, and proportions of turns in dialect, standard language or intermediate/mixed forms on the other, we gain complementary insights not only into the individual dialect-standard repertoires but also into the consequences of different methodological choices. The results indicate that intra-individual variation is ubiquitous in adults and children and that individual repertoires need to be taken into account from the beginning of the language acquisition process. We suggest that while intra-individual variation can be attested through the use of various methods, the revealed level of granularity and the conclusions that can be drawn as to the individual repertoires on the dialect-standard spectrum largely depend on the measures used and their inherent assumptions and intrinsically necessary categorizations.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[bis(4-(4-carboxyphenoxy)benzoato-κ
1
O)-μ
2-(1,4-bis(1-imidazolyl)benzene-κ
2
N:N′)cobalt(II)], C40H28N4O10Co
Authors: Xia Yi-Fan , Peng Xiong-Xin , Zhong Yu-Fei , Xiao Wei , Hu Chun-Yan , Yuan Hou-Qun
Published: March 2021

C40H28N4O10Co, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 29.686(3) Å, b = 6.2315(4) Å, c = 21.0994(15) Å, β = 114.727(8)°, V = 3545.3(5) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0386, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0897, T = 293(2) K.

CCDC no.: 2054400
Crystal structure of tetraaqua-bis(1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene-κ1
N)manganese(II) 2,3-dihydroxyterephthalate, C32H32MnN8O10
Authors: Zhou Jingjing , Xu Wei , He Luxiang , Xiao Hongping
Published: March 2021

C32H32MnN8O10, monoclinic, P2/c (no. 13), a = 14.258(3) Å, b = 7.1056(13) Å, c = 17.589(3) Å, β = 113.672(3)°, V = 1632.0(5) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0314, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1019, T = 296(2) K.
Corona und die junge Generation: Ein sozialpsychologischer Blick
Authors: Krahé Barbara
Published: March 2021

Die Corona-Pandemie trifft Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene hart. Zentrale Entwicklungsziele wie Autonomie, Mobilität und soziale Kontakte können nur sehr eingeschränkt befriedigt werden, gleichzeitig führt die entwicklungstypische Suche nach Anregung und Risiko sowie das Gefühl eigener Unverwundbarkeit zu einer Unterschätzung der Bedrohung durch die Pandemie. Trotzdem belegen Umfragen, dass sich entgegen der öffentlichen Meinung die Mehrzahl junger Menschen verantwortlich in der Krise verhält.
Factors associated with recurrent transient global amnesia: systematic review and pathophysiological insights
Authors: Liampas Ioannis , Raptopoulou Maria , Mpourlios Stefanos , Siokas Vasileios , Tsouris Zisis , Aloizou Athina-Maria , Dastamani Metaxia , Brotis Alexandros , Bogdanos Dimitrios , Xiromerisiou Georgia , Dardiotis Efthimios
Published: March 2021

The examination of the risk factors that affect the recurrence of transient global amnesia (TGA) may shed light on the pathophysiological substrate of the disease. A systematic review was performed to identify the factors associated with the recurrence of TGA. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and PsycINFO were meticulously searched. Observational controlled studies involving patients with single (s-TGA) and recurrent TGA (r-TGA) according to Hodges and Warlow’s criteria were retrieved. Differences in the demographic characteristics, personal and family medical history, previous exposure to precipitating events and laboratory findings were examined. Retrieved evidence was assessed in the context of the individual article validity, based on the numerical power and methodological quality of each study. Nine cohort studies with retrospective, prospective or mixed design were retrieved. In total, 1989 patients with TGA were included, 269 of whom suffered from r-TGA (13.5%). R-TGA presented an earlier age of onset. Evidence was suggestive of a relationship between recurrence and a family or personal history of migraine, as well as a personal history of depression. There was weaker evidence that associated recurrence with a positive family history of dementia, a personal history of head injury and hippocampal lesions in diffusion-weighted MRI. On the other hand, no connection was found between recurrence and electroencephalographic abnormalities, impaired jugular venous drainage, cardiovascular risk factors, atrial fibrillation, previous cerebrovascular events, exposure to precipitating events, a positive family history of TGA and hypothyroidism. Important pathophysiological insights that arised from these findings were discussed.
Gibt es die „resiliente Persönlichkeit“?
Authors: Hiebel Nina , Rabe Lisa Milena , Maus Katja , Geiser Franziska
Published: March 2021

Hintergrund

Der Begriff der Resilienz wird im Alltag häufig im Sinn einer Persönlichkeitseigenschaft verwendet: Eine Person ist resilient und damit widerstandsfähig gegenüber Belastungen. Und auch im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs wird nicht eindeutig zwischen Resilienz als Eigenschaft, Prozess oder Outcome unterschieden.

Fragestellung

Gibt es so etwas wie eine „resiliente Persönlichkeit“?

Methode

Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Befunde werden verschiedene mögliche Zusammenhänge von Resilienz und Persönlichkeit vorgestellt. Dabei wird unterschieden zwischen 1) Resilienz als Synonym für ein komplexes Persönlichkeitskonstrukt, 2) einer Prädiktion von Resilienz durch spezifische Persönlichkeitseigenschaften, 3) einer Interaktion von Persönlichkeitseigenschaften und Situation, und 4) einer Rückwirkung von Resilienzerfahrungen auf die Persönlichkeit.

Schlussfolgerung

Auch wenn es für die individuelle Resilienz förderlich sein kann, bestimmte Aspekte der Persönlichkeit zu stärken, ist im Rahmen eines zeitlich und situativ dynamischen Resilienzkonzepts die Hypothese einer grundsätzlich „resilienten Persönlichkeit“ weder empirisch begründet noch sinnvoll.
Arbitrary amplitude ion acoustic solitons, double layers and supersolitons in a collisionless magnetized plasma consisting of non-thermal and isothermal electrons
Authors: Dalui Sandip , Sardar Sankirtan , Bandyopadhyay Anup
Published: March 2021

Using Sagdeev pseudo-potential technique, we have studied the arbitrary amplitude ion acoustic solitons, double layers and supersolitons in a collisionless plasma consisting of adiabatic warm ions, non-thermal hot electrons and isothermal cold electrons immersed in an external uniform static magnetic field. We have used the phase portraits of the dynamical system describing the non-linear behaviour of ion acoustic waves to confirm the existence of different solitary structures. We have found that the system supports (a) positive potential solitons, (b) negative potential solitons, (c) coexistence of both positive and negative potential solitons, (d) negative potential double layers, (e) negative potential supersolitons and (f) positive potential supersolitons. Again, we have seen that the amplitude of the positive potential solitons decreases or increases with increasing n

ch
according to whether

0
<

n

c
h

<

n

c
h

(
c
)

$0{< }{n}_{ch}{< }{n}_{ch}^{\left(c\right)}$

or

n

c
h

(
c
)

<

n

c
h

≤
1

${n}_{ch}^{\left(c\right)}{< }{n}_{ch}\le 1$

, where

n

c
h

${n}_{ch}$

is the ratio of isothermal cold and non-thermal hot electron number densities, and

n

c
h

(
c
)

${n}_{ch}^{\left(c\right)}$

is a critical value of n

ch
. Also, we have seen that the amplitude of the positive potential solitons decreases with increasing β

e
, where β

e
is the non-thermal parameter. We have also investigated the transition of different negative potential solitary structures: negative potential soliton (before the formation of negative potential double layer) → negative potential double layer → negative potential supersoliton → negative potential soliton (after the formation of negative potential double layer) by considering the variation of θ only, where θ is angle between the direction of the external uniform static magnetic field and the direction of propagation of the ion acoustic wave.
Geometry and shape optimization of piezoelectric cantilever energy harvester using COMSOL multiphysics software
Authors: Hashim Ahmed A. , Mahmoud Khalil I. , Ridha Hussein M.
Published: March 2021

In embedded systems that necessarily require a steady source of power and (or) attaches to a sensor(s), there are opportunities to mix small batteries to supply such power. The aim of this research is to optimize the geometry and shape of piezoelectric cantilevers to harvest more power. Several piezoelectric cantilever geometries with various shapes (rectangular, triangular, circular, and trapezoidal cross section) are tested in COMSOL multiphysics simulator to find the best geometry that provides the highest accomplishable power. The most efficient geometry was found to be conferred by the trapezoidal, cross section cantilever. Next, another improvement method was applied to maximize the harvested power of the cantilever by modifying the shape of the trapezoidal cantilever structure through increasing the number of its faces. The results demonstrated that the highest output power (36 mW) was produced by the four faces, trapezoidal cross section design of cantilever.
Obsessive healthy eating and orthorexic eating tendencies in sport and exercise contexts: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Strahler Jana , Wachten Hanna , Mueller-Alcazar Anett
Published: March 2021

Background

Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) and exercise addiction (ExAdd) are two phenomena believed to overlap. We conducted a meta-analysis exploring the link between ON and (addictive) exercise behaviors.

Methods

A systematic review of major databases and gray literature was carried out for studies reporting on ON and (addictive) exercise behaviors. Random effects meta-analyses were undertaken calculating correlations between ON and (addictive) exercise behaviors. A sub-group analysis investigated gender differences.

Results

Twenty-five studies with 10,134 participants (mean age = 25.21; 56.4% female) were included. Analyses showed a small overall correlation between ON and exercise (21 studies, r = 0.12, 95% CI |0.06–0.18|) and a medium overall correlation between ON and ExAdd (7 studies, r = 0.29, 95% CI |0.13–0.45|). Gender differences were negligible.

Conclusions

Orthorexic eating correlated slightly and moderately with exercise and ExAdd, respectively, expressing some unique and shared variance of these behaviors. While this does not suggest ON and addictive exercising to be independent, it does not indicate substantial comorbidity. Future research should focus on clinical relevance, underlying mechanisms, vulnerability, and risk factors.
Toward a Study of ‘Scientologies’
Authors: Thomas Aled J. Ll.
Published: March 2021

Scientology, the New Religious Movement founded by L. Ron Hubbard in the 1950s, is currently experiencing growing levels of interest from the academic community. Recent scholarly publications point to an array of academic approaches to Scientology, in addition to potential avenues for future research. In this reflective article, the author proposes that studies of contemporary Scientology would be enriched by a greater emphasis on the notion of ‘Scientologies’ (different types of Scientology across both Church of Scientology and Free Zone spaces). This approach, which addresses a wider scope of the Scientologist landscape, can benefit from the increasing number of researchers studying Scientology, and raises the potential for cross-collaboration across a network of interdisciplinary scholars. To this end, the author considers recent developments in the academic study of Scientology, and how a focus on ‘Scientologies’ can enable scholars to explore the complexities of increasingly diverse Scientologist communities.
Academic study of Scientology
Authors: Roux Eric
Published: March 2021

The discussion that was conducted at the British Association for the Study of Religion (BASR) conference by the Religion Studies Project (RSP) in 2018, with David Robertson, Carole Cusack, Stephen Gregg, and Aled Thomas have raised some of the challenges that are sometimes perceived as impediments to the study of Scientology by scholars. This paper tries to approach these challenges from the point of view of the study target: The Scientologist and the Church of Scientology itself. It develops several points that could open the door to a better cooperation between scholars and Scientologists, in a time where academic interest toward this new religion is steadily increasing.
An analysis of effect of water hyacinth carbonization temperature on fabrication and EMI shielding radar
Authors: Imammuddin Azam Muzakhim , Suparman Sudjito , Suprapto Wahyono , Sonief Achmad As’Ad
Published: March 2021

The need to increase the ability of water hyacinth composites as EMI radar protection is related to the carbonization process of organic materials. This research aimed to determine the effect of water hyacinth carbonization temperature on the effectiveness of fabrication and EMI shielding radar. The research method includes the preparations such as cutting, washing, and drying the water hyacinth. The drying process is carried out using an oven with a temperature of 70 °C for 4 days. Then the water hyacinth is mashed until it reaches the 80 mesh size. Then the carbonization process is carried out, with variations in carbonization temperature ranging from 500 °C, 600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C and 1,000 °C, with a heat increase speed of 3 °C/minutes. After reaching the specified temperature, a holding time is then carried out for 1 hour. Furthermore, the composite composition of 30 % water hyacinth activated carbon powder and 70 % phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin was molded using a hot press with a pressure of 300 kg/cm2 at 180 °C for 10 minutes. The results showed that the water hyacinth composite could be used as an EMI protection material at the X-Band frequency (8–12.5 GHz). Where the electrical conductivity and EMI SE increases with increasing carbonization temperature. Water hyacinth composites at a carbonization temperature of 1,000 °C showed the highest electrical conductivity and the highest EMI SE, respectively 4.64∙10-2 S/cm and 41.15 dB (attenuation 99.99 %) at a frequency of 8 GHz. The high absorption contribution is associated with the synergy combination of KCl and the pore structure of the goitre. KCl contributes to the magnetic properties and pore structure with high electrical conductivity values
Establishing patterns in the influence of micro- and nano-dispersed mineral additives on the water resistance of construction gypsum
Authors: Plugin Andrii , Iefimenko Artem , Borziak Olga , Gevorkyan Edwin , Pluhin Oleksii
Published: March 2021

This paper reports a study into the effect of mineral fillers such as ground granulated blast furnace slag, microsilica, and nano dispersed alumina on the structure formation and water resistance of gypsum. The theoretical models of gypsum stone structure with mineral fillers have been built and described, taking into consideration the sign of the surface charge of gypsum crystals and filler particles. In accordance with the developed models, the fillers enable the formation of a dense structure of gypsum stone as a compositional material with a large number of electro-heterogeneous contacts. With this structure, the gypsum dihydrate crystals are maximally protected from contact with water and dissolution. The electron microscopic study of the gypsum stone with mineral fillers has been carried out, which has confirmed that the rational ratio of gypsum to slag ensures the densest structure of the stone. The dependences of the strength of gypsum stone in the dry and water-saturated condition and a water resistance factor (softening) on the content of slag, micro-and nano dispersed filler, a water-hardened ratio, have been experimentally established. The introduction of a rational amount of microfiller with a negative surface charge (microsilica) has increased the water resistance ratio by 0.2‒0.4 amounting to a value of 1. The introduction of a rational amount of micro-filler with a positive surface charge (nano dispersed alumina) has improved the water resistance ratio by 0.8 amounting to a value of 0.9. The established mechanism that forms the gypsum stone structure with fillers would make it possible to develop the compositions for a mineral binder based on gypsum, which could be used under wet operational conditions
General procedure for determining the geometric parameters of tools in the technological systems involving machining by cutting
Authors: Botvinovska Svitlana , Getun Galina , Zolotova Alla , Korbut Ievgen , Nikolayenko Tatyana , Parnenko Valeriya , Rodin Rodion
Published: March 2021

This paper reports a study aiming at devising a common procedure for determining the geometric parameters of tools’ cutting part in the technological systems that involve machining by cutting. Underlying the development of this procedure is the generalized theory of determining geometric parameters on tools’ cutting blades.
The analysis of determining the geometry of tool cutting edges in different coordinate systems has shown that the procedure used by a given theory depends on the type and design of tool cutting edges. In the process of cutting, the geometric parameters of tools change along the cutting edges while existing ones do not fully take into account this phenomenon. This is because geometric parameters are determined in the kinematic system of coordinates.
Particularly important to meet these requirements is for the cutting process whose effectiveness depends significantly on the accuracy in selecting methods for determining tool operational parameters.
In this regard, the current work has devised and proposed a general procedure for determining the geometry of tool cutting edges, directly during its application in the kinematic system. The procedure is based on the consideration of the resulting speed, in the form of the vector amount of the main movement and the amount of movement of feeds, which can consider feeds specified by the system’s equipment.
This approach to the development of a general procedure ensures that the geometry of the cutting part of a tool of any design is determined along its cutting edges during operation.
The devised procedure has significantly reduced the time of calculations and ensured the required geometric parameters of the cutting part of a groove cutter
A study of the influence produced by the dynamics of the working bodies of cotton-processing machines on the cotton fibre quality
Authors: Veliev Fazil
Published: March 2021

Cotton mass is considered as a compressible porous two-component medium, consisting of a mixture of cotton fibres and air included in the porous medium, which is essential in dynamic treatment processes and requires consideration when planning technological modes.
It was found that the speed of sound in multicomponent media significantly decreases with an increase in the content of the gaseous component. With a certain content of components, it can become less than in each of the components separately. This is due to the fact that with an increase in the content of the gaseous component, the density of the medium increases insignificantly, and the compressibility of air sharply decreases in the pores.
As a result of the research, it was found that the value of the dynamic change in the density of cotton raw materials can significantly exceed its density during static compression. This kind of influence can have both adverse and desirable effects on the primary stage of cotton processing.
The dynamic characteristics of raw cotton as an object of mechanical technology were studied. The values of the speed of sound as a function of the density of cotton raw materials were determined on the basis of the theory of a two-component porous medium. The types of the dynamic compression curve of raw cotton have been established. Experimental studies on the compressibility of raw cotton are generalized.
From the analysis of the cleaning processing of fibres and seeds on cleaning machines, it follows that when assigning a technological processing mode, it is necessary to comply it with the value of the sound speed for a given density of raw materials. It is necessary to avoid such rates of penetration of the working bodies into raw materials that are commensurate with the speed of sound at a given raw material density. This local dramatic increase in cotton media characteristics is a significant cause of fibre damage
Devising techniques for reinforcing glued sausage casings by using different physical methods
Authors: Оnishchenko Vyacheslav , Pak Andrey , Goralchuk Andrii , Shubina Lidiia , Bolshakova Viktoria , Inzhyyants Samvel , Pak Alina , Domanova Olena
Published: March 2021

This paper has substantiated the development and rationalization of techniques to manufacture sausage casings from natural raw materials with predefined functional and technological properties. It is noted that the issue related to the rational utilization of intestinal raw materials and the improvement of the production economic profitability could be resolved by implementing effective technologies of glued intestinal sausage casings.
The strength has been investigated of the reinforcing seam between the layers of intestinal membranes obtained by such techniques as the local tanning, local thermal coagulation resulting from passing an electric current through wet raw materials, local thermal coagulation due to the arc discharge through dried raw materials.
The rational concentration of tannin in tanning solution has been determined, at which it is recommended to make a reinforcing seam on glued intestinal casings by means of local tanning. A value of the breaking load for the reinforcing seam made by using local electric currents has been derived, which is 14 N/m. A 4.7-time increase in the breaking load has been established to occur, compared to the control sample. A value of the breaking load for the reinforcing seam obtained by applying an arc discharge has been found, which is 18 N/m. It was noted that the breaking load had increased compared to the control sample.
Working bodies for an installation were designed aimed at reinforcing glued sausage casings by such techniques as local tanning; local thermal coagulation resulting from passing an electric current through wet raw materials; local thermal coagulation as a result of arc discharge through dried raw materials. It is noted that the advantages of techniques for the reinforcement of glued sausage casings are the high breaking load and the effective utilization of raw materials
Development of the juice extraction equipment: physico-mathematical model of the processes
Authors: Medvedkov Yevgeniy , Nazymbekova Aigerim , Tlevlessova Dinara , Shaprov Mikhail , Kairbayeva Ainura
Published: March 2021

Multifruit juicers are designed, constructed and improved to be able to process pineapples, oranges and watermelons efficiently. Little juice manufacturers need both a small and efficient device for juice extraction for being economically concurrent compared to big corporations. The authors of the represented paper aim to present the experimental device for juice extraction, its effectiveness, and functional. This device was created using the compressive and compressive shear forces conveyed by an auger conveyor system as a working power. The juicer consists of a hopper, a screw conveyor shaft, a filter screen, a juice outlet, gearbox housing, and a motor. The analysis of the component design enabled the authors to use the data in order to identify the sizes, manufacture and assemble the machine. The authors have made a lot of tests to detect the efficiency and functionality of the presented device. Tests of the device productivity were carried out using watermelons loaded into the device both peeled and unpeeled. Percentage of juice yield, juice extraction efficiency and extraction losses were used as performance indicators. Productivity analysis results revealed that a fruit type and peel condition reliably influenced productivity indicators at the value of 1 %. The percentage of juice yield from peeled and unpeeled watermelons constituted 89.5 % and 89.7 %, respectively. Extraction efficiency constituted 96.6 % for peeled watermelons and 97.1 % for unpeeled ones. Extraction losses amounted to 2.9 % and 2.6 % correspondingly. The proposed device is easy to use and maintain, therefore, it will perfectly suit the needs of small fruit juice manufacturers and can help to get economic efficiency to the small manufacture
Development of a thermal-radiation single-drum roll dryer for concentrated food stuff
Authors: Cherevko Oleksander , Mikhaylov Valeriy , Zahorulko Andrii , Zagorulko Aleksey , Gordienko Irina
Published: March 2021

The design of a thermal-radiation single-drum roll dryer with a combined method of heat supply, application and cutting of the dried layer of raw materials was developed. The dryer allows obtaining a powder fraction of a semi-finished product with a solids content of 3...5 %. Such a design solution will make it possible to obtain a high-quality semi-finished product due to low-temperature drying.
The effective viscosity of the studied pastes produced by blending apple, sea buckthorn, black chokeberry, beet and pumpkin purees was determined. Adding different percentages of raw materials to apple paste increases the effective viscosity by 9...18 %. According to the results of the organoleptic evaluation, the sample with the following composition turned out to be the best: apple – 30 %, sea buckthorn – 20 %, black chokeberry – 15 %, beet – 15 % and pumpkin – 20 %. The drying time of the blended paste with a solids content of 45 % at a temperature of 65 °C and different layer thicknesses of application to the working surface (8, 6 and 4 mm) is 75, 60 and 56 min, respectively.
All the samples of pastes have a reddish-purple color with a wavelength of 610.5...614.5 nm and a tone purity of 66.5...78.8 %. The wavelength of the dried fraction is 495...615.3 nm with a tone purity of 34.3...34.8 %, from bluish-red to bluish-purple. The brightness of the samples after drying decreases within 3...4 %. The obtained color change values and drying time of the samples confirm the possibility of using the improved dryer to obtain high-quality vegetable semi-finished products of the dried fraction. The experimental data will be useful in design calculations and testing of the developed dryer in order to obtain its maximum efficiency
Determining the mechanical characteristics of composite materials reinforced with woven preforms
Authors: Shevtsova Maryna , Kondratiev Andrii , Andrieiev Oleksii
Published: March 2021

Reduction of the complexity of production of articles from composite materials is largely ensured by the use of reinforcing semi-finished products in which fibers pre-form a framework. Among all the variety of reinforcing systems, woven sleeves (preforms) occupy a special place. The high degree of deformability in a nonimpregnated condition makes it possible to lay this reinforcement on any surface without folds and cuts that provide preservation of strand continuity. This advantage of woven sleeves is accompanied by a change in local reinforcement angles and, consequently, the variable nature of physical and mechanical characteristics of the curved part surface. A method for calculating physical and mechanical characteristics of the composite based on preforms at any point of the part depending on the pattern of laying strands on a curved surface has been developed. The possibility of application of the rod model of the composite to describe physical and mechanical characteristics of the composite material with a woven reinforcement was analyzed. The model essence consists in that the composite is modeled by a diamond-shaped rod system. The rhombus sides serve as fibers and the diagonals as the binder. To verify the theoretical results and substantiate practical recommendations, a series of experimental studies were performed based on the formation of material specimens from two types of woven sleeves with different reinforcement angles. The experimental study program included tensile, bending, and compression tests. A fairly good convergence of theoretical and experimental data was obtained. For example, a square of the correlation coefficient was not less than 0.95 for the modulus of elasticity, not less than 0.8 for the Poisson's ratio, and not less than 0.9 for tensile and compressive strengths. This is the rationale for using the rod model to describe the considered class of composites. The use of the developed procedure will make it possible to increase the perfection of the considered class of designs and obtain rational parameters of the process of their manufacture.
Design of hybrid neural networks of the ensemble structure
Authors: Sineglazov Victor , Kot Anatoly
Published: March 2021

This paper considers the structural-parametric synthesis (SPS) of neural networks (NNs) of deep learning, in particular convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which are used in image processing. It has been shown that modern neural networks may possess a variety of topologies. That is ensured by using unique blocks that determine their essential features, namely, the compression and excitation unit, the attention module convolution unit, the channel attention module, the spatial attention module, the residual unit, the ResNeXt block. This, first of all, is due to the need to increase their efficiency in the processing of images. Due to the large architectural space of parameters, including the type of unique block, the location in the structure of the convolutional neural network, its connections with other blocks, layers, computing costs grow nonlinearly. To minimize computational costs while maintaining the specified accuracy this work set tasks of both the generation of possible topology and structural-parametric synthesis of convolutional neural networks. To resolve them, the use of a genetic algorithm (GA) has been proposed. Parameter configuration was implemented using a genetic algorithm and modern gradient methods (GM). For example, stochastic gradient descent with momentum, accelerated Nesterov gradient, adaptive gradient algorithm, distribution of the root of the mean square of the gradient, assessment of adaptive momentum, adaptive Nesterov momentum. It is assumed to use such networks in the intelligent medical diagnostic system (IMDS), for determining the activity of tuberculosis. To improve the accuracy of solving the classification problem in the processing of images, the ensemble structure of hybrid convolutional neural networks (HCNNs) has been proposed in the current work. The parallel structure of the ensemble with the merged layer was used. Algorithms of optimal choice and integration of features in the construction of the ensemble have been developed
Establishing regularities in the propagation of phase transformation front during timber thermal modification
Authors: Tsapko Yuriy , Horbachova Oleksandra , Tsapko Аleksii , Mazurchuk Serhii , Zavialov Denys , Buiskykh Nataliia
Published: March 2021

The creation of environmentally friendly protective materials for building structures made of wood could make it possible to influence the processes of stability and the physical-chemical properties at the thermal modification of hornbeam wood over a certain time. That necessitates studying the conditions for investigating phase transformations when the timber is exposed to high temperature, as well as establishing the mechanism of hornbeam wood thermal modification. Given this, a mathematical model of the phase transformation process during the transfer of heat flux to a sample was built. Based on the derived dependences, it was established that when hornbeam wood is exposed to temperature treatment, it undergoes endothermic phase transformations characterized by the heat absorption and change in the color of hornbeam wood. In particular, at a temperature of 200 °C, the temperature in the wood decreases by 5 % due to the chemical changes in the structure of cell wall components (lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose). It was found that the process of thermal modification is accompanied by the decomposition of hemicellulose and the amorphous part of cellulose, a decrease in moisture absorption, as well as a decrease in the volume of substances that are a medium for the development of fungi. In addition, lignin and the resulting pseudo lignin undergo a process of polymerization and redistribution throughout the cell volume. At the same time, they give the cell walls higher density, hardness, increase hydrophobicity (water repellency), thereby reducing the ability to absorb moisture and swell. It was established that the most effective parameter of phase transformations is the temperature and aging duration. The results of moisture absorption have been given; it has been found that over 6 hours of modified timber exposure, its moisture absorption decreases by more than 10 times, which allows its application at facilities with high humidity
Development of an algorithm to protect user communication devices against data leaks
Authors: Zadereyko Alexander , Prokop Yuliia , Trofymenko Olena , Loginova Natalia , Plachinda Оlha
Published: March 2021

In order to identify ways used to collect data from user communication devices, an analysis of the interaction between DNS customers and the Internet name domain space has been carried out. It has been established that the communication device's DNS traffic is logged by the DNS servers of the provider, which poses a threat to the privacy of users. A comprehensive algorithm of protection against the collection of user data, consisting of two modules, has been developed and tested. The first module makes it possible to redirect the communication device's DNS traffic through DNS proxy servers with a predefined anonymity class based on the proposed multitest. To ensure a smooth and sustainable connection, the module automatically connects to a DNS proxy server that has minimal response time from those available in the compiled list. The second module blocks the acquisition of data collected by the developers of the software installed on the user's communication device, as well as by specialized Internet services owned by IT companies. The proposed algorithm makes it possible for users to choose their preferred level of privacy when communicating with the Internet space, thereby providing them with a choice of privacy level and, as a result, limiting the possibility of information manipulation over their owners. The DNS traffic of various fixed and mobile communication devices has been audited. The analysis of DNS traffic has enabled to identify and structure the DNS requests responsible for collecting data from users by the Internet services owned by IT companies. The identified DNS queries have been blocked; it has been experimentally confirmed that the performance of the basic and application software on communication devices was not compromised.