bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Condensation Dynamics and Droplet Size Distribution
Authors: Haque Mohammad Rejaul , Qu Chuang , Kinzel Edward C. , Betz Amy Rachel
Published: November 2017

Condensation phenomena are important for several engineering fields including HVAC, refrigeration, distillation/desalination of water, dehumidification, aerospace, and water harvesting applications. In this work, Microsphere Photolithography (MPL), a low-cost, bottom-up fabrication technique, was used for fabricating a silica nanopillar surface (0.7 μm to 1.2 μm pillar diameters in a 2 μm hexagonal close packed array) on silicon. Condensation experiments on the surface was studied under the influence of environmental factors (ambient temperature and relative humidity) and substrate characteristics (topology and temperature). Droplet growth dynamics and size distribution were explored for condensation on a plain silicon substrate and a fabricated hydrophilic nanopillar substrate at different relative humidities (40% and 60%) at a surface temperature of 5°C. It was revealed that the nanopillar surfaces have a profound impact on condensation behavior. Small coalescence dominated on the silicon substrate as opposed to the nanopillar substrate, where extensive pinning deters the merging of droplets until it touches neighboring droplets. The change in condensation dynamics creates favorable conditions for collection of water.
Role of Copper Oxide Layer on Pool Boiling Performance With Femtosecond Laser Processed Surfaces
Authors: Kruse Corey , Peng Edwin , Zuhlke Craig , Shield Jeff , Alexander Dennis , Ndao Sidy , Gogos George
Published: November 2017

Copper pool boiling surfaces are tested for pool boiling enhancement due to femtosecond laser surface processing (FLSP). FLSP creates self-organized micro/nanostructures on metallic surfaces and creates highly wetting and wicking surfaces with permanent surface features. In this study two series of samples were created. The first series consists of three flat FLSP copper surfaces with varying microstructures and the second series is an open microchannel configuration with laser processing over the horizontal surfaces of the microchannels. These microchannels range in height from 125 microns to 380 microns. Each of these surfaces were tested for pool boiling performance. It was found that all the processed surfaces except one resulted in a decrease in critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficient compared to an unprocessed surface. It was found that the laser fluence parameter had a significant role in whether there was an increase in CHF or HTC. A cross sectioning technique was employed to study the different layers of the microstructure and to understand how FLSP could have a negative effect on the CHF and HTC. It was found that a thick oxide layer forms during the FLSP process of copper in an open-air atmosphere. The thickness and uniformity of the oxide layer is highly dependent on the laser fluence. A low fluence sample results in an inconsistent oxide layer of nonuniform thickness and subsequently an increase in CHF and HTC. A high laser fluence sample results in a uniformly thick oxide layer which increases the thermal resistance of the sample and allows for a premature CHF and decrease in HTC.
Interprofessional supervision: a matter of difference
Authors: Davys Allyson Mary
Published: November 2017

INTRODUCTION: With its origins grounded in the apprenticeship tradition it is perhaps notsurprising that social work adheres to a model of supervision where both supervisor and supervisee are social workers and where it is common for social workers to be supervised by their line manager. Interprofessional supervision, where the participants do not share the same profession, and which is frequently external to the social worker’s organisation, therefore presents a challenge to traditional social work supervision practice.METHODS: Expert stakeholders were interviewed to explore their experiences ofinterprofessional supervision. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and topdown analysis employed to identify themes. The views of nine supervisees and nine supervisors are reported.FINDINGS: The participants represented a range of professions but the data collected revealed common themes. Participants highlighted the importance of being able to choose a supervision partner and to establish a contract where lines of accountability were explicit. Knowledge about supervision was considered vital and supervision competence was expected of the supervisor.The key benefits were a greater understanding of one’s own profession and an appreciation and respect for difference. Lack of clinical accountability was considered a limitation but not an obstacle.CONCLUSION: The reports of these participants indicate a shift from supervision as an in-house process to one which is chosen, negotiated and collaborative. Through their awareness of the need for professional development and accountability, the participants demonstrated a depth of professional responsibility and an ability to stand alongside their profession in the presence of ‘other’.
Social workers’ experiences with whistleblowing: To speak or not to speak?
Authors: Raymond Sally , Beddoe Liz , Staniforth Barbara
Published: November 2017

INTRODUCTION: Reporting perceived inadequate and/or harmful practice has become known internationally as whistleblowing. Social workers have a responsibility to uphold ethical standards and may blow the whistle when faced with what they perceive as unethical conduct.METHOD: A small-scale, qualitative study explored the experiences of 10 social workers in Aotearoa New Zealand who, having observed what they believed to be poor or unsafe practice, attempted to have their concerns addressed by reporting to a third party or blowing the whistle.FINDINGS: The research reveals common experiences of limited support for, and retaliation from colleagues and organisations towards, those who spoke out. Participants experienced both personal and professional consequences.CONCLUSIONS:  The research identifies the need for appropriate processes and support for whistleblowing social workers and their employing agencies. Social workers need to be better informed about their rights and responsibilities under the Protected Disclosures Act (2000).
Resituating Aotearoa New Zealand mental health legislation in the context of social and occupational justice
Authors: Reed Kirk Douglas , Field Brian
Published: November 2017

INTRODUCTION: Social work and occupational therapy mental health practitioners face a range of tensions in relation to statutory obligations in the context of maintaining a focus on the ideals of social or occupational justice.APPROACH: The aim of this article is to highlight some of the complexities for social work and occupational therapy practitioners in an environment dominated by a medico-legal worldview. Those complexities include creating and maintaining a therapeutic relationship, adhering to legal obligations; and staying focused on professional values and beliefs. We have explored notions of social justice and occupational justice and undertaken a descriptive chronological review of Aotearoa New Zealand mental health legislation.IMPLICATIONS: We have provided an insight in to some of the key factors that have influenced the development of mental health legislation in this country in relation to social and occupational justice. We have considered how the medico-legal worldview influences staying true to the notions of social and occupational justice and have made suggestions for change relative to practice and the legislation.
Young people empathising with other animals: reflections on an Australian RSPCA Humane Education Program
Authors: Fraser Heather , Taylor Nik , Signal Tania
Published: November 2017

INTRODUCTION: Empathy is associated with engagement, compassion, social support and emotional sensitivity, and it is a hallmark of good social work practice. Empathy rightfully receives much attention in social work practice, however, interspecies empathy has yet to be included. This article has been written to address this gap.METHODS: Two main research questions guide our conceptual discussion of young people, interspecies empathy and social work: (1) Why is empathy important to social work with young people? (2) What can an Australian RSPCA Humane Education Programme (HEP) teach social workers about the benefits of interspecies empathy for young people? After our literature review, we examine our illustrative example, which is an HEP offered mostly to newly arrived refugee and migrant young people living in the outer suburbs of Melbourne, whose prior experiences of and/or attitudes towards animals may not have been positive. FINDINGS: Social workers are wise to prioritise empathy because extensive research has shown that, across a diverse range of fields, modes of practice in and beyond social work, empathic practitioners are more effective, achieving better outcomes with their clients. From the letters the young people sent to the RSPCA Victoria after completing an HEP, we note their self-reported increases in empathy for animals, including those they had previously feared or shunned.CONCLUSION: There are many potential benefits of recognising, fostering and valuing interspecies empathy through humane education programmes. However, for these to be ethical, care and empathy must be shown towards the wellbeing of the animals involved, not just the human participants.
Ultrawide band gaps in beams with double-leaf acoustic black hole indentations
Authors: Tang Liling , Cheng Li
Published: November 2017

Band gaps in conventional phononic crystals (PCs) are attractive for applications such as vibration control, wave manipulation, and sound absorption. Their practical implementations, however, are hampered by several factors, among which the large number of cells required and their impractically large size to ensure the stopbands at reasonably low frequencies are on the top of the list. This paper reports a type of beam carved inside with two double-leaf acoustic black hole indentations. By incorporating the local resonance effect and the Bragg scattering effect generated by a strengthening stud connecting the two branches of the indentations, ultrawide band gaps are achieved. Increasing the length of the stud or reducing the residual thickness of the indentation allows the tuning of the band gaps to significantly enlarge the band gaps, which can exceed 90% of the entire frequency range of interest. Experimental results show that with only three cells, the proposed beam allows considerable vibration energy attenuation within an ultra-broad frequency range including the low frequency range, which conventional PCs can hardly reach. Meanwhile, the proposed configuration also enhances the structural integrity, thus pointing at promising applications in vibration control and a high performance wave filter design.
Reimagining Leadership in Sport Management: Lessons From the Social Construction of Leadership
Authors: Billsberry Jon , Mueller Jacqueline , Skinner James , Swanson Steve , Corbett Ben , Ferkins Lesley
Published: November 2017

Conventional approaches to leadership in sport management regard leadership as a leader-centric phenomenon. Recent advances in the generic leadership literature have highlighted the way that people construct their own understanding of leadership and shown that these influence their assessment and responses to people they regard as leaders. This observer-centric perspective is collectively known as the social construction of leadership. In this conceptual paper, we demonstrate how this emerging theoretical approach can reframe and invigorate our understanding of leadership in sport management. We explore the research implications of this new approach, reflect on what this might mean for teaching, and discuss the practical ramifications for leadership in sport management that might flow from the adoption of this approach.
Complete Genome Sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae Phages SopranoGao, MezzoGao, and AltoGao
Authors: Gao Sarah , Linden Sara B. , Nelson Daniel C.
Published: November 2017

The
Klebsiella pneumoniae
phages SopranoGao, MezzoGao, and AltoGao were isolated from the Seneca Wastewater Treatment Plant in Germantown, MD. The following reports the complete genome sequence of these bacteriophages and describes their major features.
Complete Genome Sequences of Mycobacteriophages Clautastrophe, Kingsolomon, Krypton555, and Nicholas
Authors: Chung Hui-Min , D’Elia Tom , Ross Joseph F. , Alvarado Samuel M. , Brantley Molly-Catherine , Bricker Lydia P. , Butler Courtney R. , Crist Carson , Dane Julia M. , Farran Brett W. , Hobbs Sierra , Lapak Michelle , Lovell Conner , Ludergnani Nicholas , McMullen Allison , Mirza Sohail A. , Thrift Noah , Vaughan Donald P. , Worley Grace , Ejikemeuwa Amara , Zaw May , Albritton Claude F. , Bertrand Sarah C. , Chaudhry Shanzay S. , Cheema Vzair A. , Do Camilla , Do Michael L. , Duong Huyen M. , El-Desoky Dalia H. , Green Kelsey M. , Lee Rhea N. , Thornton Lauren A. , Vu James M. , Zahra Mah Noor , Cresawn Steven G. , Stoner Ty H. , Garlena Rebecca A. , Jacobs-Sera Deborah , Pope Welkin H. , Russell Daniel A. , Hatfull Graham F.
Published: November 2017

We report here the complete genome sequences of four subcluster L3 mycobacteriophages newly isolated from soil samples, using
Mycobacterium smegmatis
mc
2
155 as the host. Comparative genomic analyses with four previously described subcluster L3 phages reveal strong nucleotide similarity and gene conservation, with several large insertions/deletions near their right genome ends.
Draft Genome Sequences of Three Terrestrial Isoprene-Degrading
Rhodococcus
Strains
Authors: Crombie Andrew T. , Emery Helen , McGenity Terry J. , Murrell J. Colin
Published: November 2017

Isoprene is produced in abundance by plants and constitutes a carbon source for microbes. The genomes of three isoprene degraders isolated from tree leaves or soil from the campus of the University of East Anglia were sequenced. These high-GC-content isolates are actinobacteria belonging to the genus
Rhodococcus
.
Draft Genome Sequence of Novosphingobium panipatense Strain P5:ABC, Isolated from Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soil from Noonmati Refinery, Assam, India
Authors: Singh Arvind Kumar , Chettri Bobby , Ghosh Arpita , Chikara Surendra K. , Tripathi Timir
Published: November 2017

Novosphingobium panipatense
P5:ABC is a hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil. Here, we present the 5.74-Mb draft genome sequence with 5,206 genes and an average G+C content of 64.7%. The genomic information will improve our understanding of the diversity of
N. panipatense
and the mechanisms of microbe-based hydrocarbon degradation.
Injuries in female and male elite taekwondo athletes: a 10-year prospective, epidemiological study of 1466 injuries sustained during 250 000 training hours
Authors: Park Ki Jun , Song Brian Byung
Published: November 2017

Objectives

We aimed to determine the injury patterns associated with training activities in elite South Korean taekwondo athletes training for the Olympic Games.

Methods

We collected data prospectively from 2007 to 2016 at the Korea National Training Center in Seoul, South Korea. A sports injury was defined as acute or chronic musculoskeletal signs and symptoms due to taekwondo activities during training sessions. Athletes were assessed by an on-site sports medicine specialist. The elite taekwondo athletes were stratified according to sex, weight class (flyweight, featherweight, welterweight and heavyweight), injury location (body region and site) and injury severity (mild or level I, requiring treatment for 1–3 days; moderate or level II, requiring treatment for 4–7 days; or severe or level III, requiring treatment for ≥8 days).

Results

Athlete exposure was 56 160 training sessions that took 249 600 hours. 1466 injuries were recorded in 283 athletes, with an average of 4.6 injuries per athlete annually. Of these, more than half (56%) were mild injuries, with most injuries occurring in the lower extremities (65.5%), followed by injuries to the trunk (16%), upper extremities (14%) and head and neck area (4%). Among these athletes, women had higher injury rates in the featherweight and welterweight categories (P≤0.0001), but there were no sex differences in other weight categories. In general, female athletes and male athletes experienced a comparable risk of injury (relative ratio: 1.55; 95% CI 0.89 to 2.68).

Conclusion

In elite South Korean taekwondo athletes, most injuries occur in the lower extremities and were graded as minor. Injury severity depended on weight class.
Mortality and health-related habits in 900 Finnish former elite athletes and their brothers
Authors: Kontro Titta Katariina , Sarna Seppo , Kaprio Jaakko , Kujala Urho M
Published: November 2017

Background

There is conflicting evidence on the associations between participation in vigorous sports, health habits, familial factors and subsequent mortality. We investigated all-cause mortality and health-related behaviour among former elite athletes and their brothers.

Methods

The mortality of Finnish male former elite athletes, who had represented Finland between 1920 and 1965 (n=900) and their age-matched brothers (n=900), was followed from the time when athlete started an elite athlete career until 31 December 2015. The age-adjusted HRs were calculated by a paired Cox proportional hazards model. In 2001, surviving participants (n=199 athletes and n=199 age-matched brothers) reported their self-rated health (SRH), physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking habits in the questionnaire.

Results

During the total follow-up period, 1296 deaths (72% of the cohort) occurred. The age-adjusted HRs for all-cause mortality in former athletes was 0.75 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.87, P<0.001) compared with their age-matched brothers. Median age at death was 79.9 years for endurance, 75.9 years for mixed sports and 72.2 years for power sports athletes, and 77.5, 73.7 and 72.2 years for their age-matched brothers, respectively. In 2001, compared with their brothers, former athletes smoked less (P<0.001), were more physically active (P<0.05) and rated their health more often as very good (P<0.05).

Conclusions

Former elite athletes are more physically active, smoke less, have better self-rated health and live longer than their brothers. Genetic differences between athletes and brothers, aerobic training for endurance elite sports and a healthier lifestyle may all contribute to reduced mortality.
Relationship between hormone replacement therapy and spinal osteoarthritis: a nationwide health survey analysis of the elderly Korean population
Authors: Park Jung-Ho , Hong Jae-Young , Han Kyungdo , Han Seung-Woo , Chun Eun Mi
Published: November 2017

Objectives

To identify the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on spinal osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods and design

A cross-sectional study of a nationwide survey was performed.

Setting

This study collected data from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2012).

Participants

After excluding ineligible respondents, the total number of participants in this study was 4265 females. Participants were asked to report symptoms and disabilities related to spinal OA. In addition, plain radiographs of the spine were taken of all patients.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Demographic and lifestyle variables were compared between the HRT and non-HRT groups. In addition, radiographic examination and symptom assessment were performed to determine the existence of spinal OA.

Results

Marital status, education, income and HRT were correlated with spinal OA. A risk analysis of related factors showed that HRT and age had effects on spinal OA (ORs 0.717 and 1.257). Nevertheless, in the HRT group, smokers had a increased risk of spinal OA. In addition, the HRT group demonstrated a lower prevalence of spinal OA. The calculated risk for compromised morbidity with HRT compared with the prevalence of spinal OA was 0.717 (OR). The duration of HRT was also related to the risk for spinal OA. The group that had been taking HRT for more than 1 year showed decreased risk (OR 0.686) compared with patients with <1 year of HRT (OR 0.744; P<0.05).

Conclusion

Women receiving HRT showed a lower prevalence of spinal OA. HRT also correlated with a decrease in spinal OA morbidity.
Evaluation of psychometric properties of the German Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture and its potential for cross-cultural comparisons: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gambashidze Nikoloz , Hammer Antje , Brösterhaus Mareen , Manser Tanja
Published: November 2017

Objective

To study the psychometric characteristics of German version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture and to compare its dimensionality to other language versions in order to understand the instrument’s potential for cross-national studies.

Design

Cross-sectional multicentre study to establish psychometric properties of German version of the survey instrument.

Setting

73 units from 37 departments of two German university hospitals.

Participants

Clinical personnel (n=995 responses, response rate 39.6%).

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Psychometric properties (eg, model fit, internal consistency, construct validity) of the instrument and comparison of dimensionality across different language translations.

Results

The instrument demonstrated acceptable to good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.64–0.88). Confirmatory factor analysis of the original 12-factor model resulted in marginally satisfactory model fit (root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.05; standardised root mean residual (SRMR)=0.05; comparative fit index (CFI)=0.90; goodness of fit index (GFI)=0.88; Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)=0.88). Exploratory factor analysis resulted in an alternative eight-factor model with good model fit (RMSEA=0.05; SRMR=0.05; CFI=0.95; GFI=0.91; TLI=0.94) and good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.73–0.87) and construct validity. Analysis of the dimensionality compared with models from 10 other language versions revealed eight dimensions with relatively stable composition and appearance across different versions and four dimensions requiring further improvement.

Conclusions

The German version of Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties for use in German hospitals. However, our comparison of instrument dimensionality across different language versions indicates limitations concerning cross-national studies. Results of this study can be considered in interpreting findings across national contexts, in further refinement of the instrument for cross-national studies and in better understanding the various facets and dimensions of patient safety culture.
Algorithms to guide ambulance clinicians in the management of emergencies in patients with implanted rotary left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Bowles Christopher T , Hards Rachel , Wrightson Neil , Lincoln Paul , Kore Shishir , Marley Laura , Dalzell Jonathan R , Raj Binu , Baker Tracey A , Goodwin Diane , Carroll Petra , Pateman Jane , Black John J M , Kattenhorn Paul , Faulkner Mark , Parameshwar Jayan , Butcher Charles , Mason Mark , Rosenberg Alexander , McGovern Ian , Weymann Alexander , Gwinnutt Carl , Banner Nicholas R , Schueler Stephan , Simon Andre R , Pitcher David W
Published: November 2017

Advances in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy have resulted in increasing numbers of adult LVAD recipients in the community. However, device failure, stroke, bleeding, LVAD thrombosis and systemic infection can be life-threatening emergencies. Currently, four LVAD systems are implanted in six UK transplant centres, each of which provides device-specific information to local emergency services. This has resulted in inconsistent availability and content of information with the risks of delayed or inappropriate decision-making. In order to improve patient safety, a consortium of UK healthcare professionals with expertise in LVADs developed universally applicable prehospital emergency algorithms. Guidance was framed as closely as possible on the standard ABCDE approach to the assessment of critically ill patients.
Cervical inlet patch: new insights into diagnosis and endoscopic therapy
Authors: Rusu Radu , Ishaq Sauid , Wong Terry , Dunn Jason M
Published: November 2017

The cervical inlet patch is an island of heterotopic gastric mucosa, most commonly found in the proximal oesophagus. Its importance as a cause of throat symptoms has been recognised, particularly chronic globus sensation. This has led to a change in the Rome IV criteria for globus management, with emphasis on ruling out the condition. Proton pump inhibitors are often ineffective in resolving symptoms. Endoscopic studies on the use of ablative techniques, most recently radiofrequency ablation (RFA), have shown promise in reversing the CIP to mormal squamous mucosa, with subsequent symtpomatic resolution.The aim of this review is to update on the investigation and management of the CIP.
Cancer genes mutation profiling in calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour
Authors: de Sousa Sílvia Ferreira , Diniz Marina Gonçalves , França Josiane Alves , Fontes Pereira Thaís dos Santos , Moreira Rennan Garcias , Santos Jean Nunes dos , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , Gomes Carolina Cavalieri
Published: November 2017

Aims

To identify calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour (CEOT) mutations in oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes.

Methods

A panel of 50 genes commonly mutated in cancer was sequenced in CEOT by next-generation sequencing. Sanger sequencing was used to cover the region of the frameshift deletion identified in one sample.

Results

Missense single nucleotide variants (SNVs) with minor allele frequency (MAF) <1% were detected inPTEN,METandJAK3. A frameshift deletion inCDKN2Aoccurred in association with a missense mutation in the same gene region, suggesting a second hit in the inactivation of this gene.APC, KDR, KIT, PIK3CAandTP53missense SNVs were identified; however, these are common SNVs, showing MAF >1%.

Conclusion

CEOT harbours mutations in the tumour suppressorPTENandCDKN2Aand in the oncogenesJAK3andMET. As these mutations occurred in only one case each, they are probably not driver mutations for these tumours.
Using an epidemiological framework and bovine spongiform encephalopathy investigation questionnaire to investigate suspect bovine spongiform encephalopathy cases: an example from a bovine spongiform encephalopathy case in Ireland in 2015
Authors: O'Connor Jarlath T , Byrne Justin P , More Simon J , Blake Martin , McGrath Guy , Tratalos Jamie A , McElroy Maire C , Kiernan Paul , Canty Mary J , O'Brien‐Lynch Chris , Griffin John M
Published: November 2017

In several EU member states, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) cases have been identified in cattle born after the reinforced ban (BARB cases), for reasons that are not entirely clear. Epidemiological investigation of these cases has proved challenging. The European Food Safety Authority recently recommended the collection of a predefined set of epidemiological data from BSE suspects and confirmed BSE cases to aid future investigations. In this study, we present an epidemiological framework and BSE investigation questionnaire to aid the investigation of suspect BSE cases, and illustrate its application during the investigation of a BSE case in Ireland in 2015. It is recommended that the framework and questionnaire are used concurrently: the framework provides structure and focus, whereas the questionnaire (with 135 questions) aids data collection. The framework focuses on confirmation and discrimination, estimating the date and location of exposure, and determining the method/source of exposure. The BSE case in Ireland in 2015 was a BARB case born in 2010. It was identified with classical BSE at an authorised knackery as part of Ireland's targeted active surveillance programme for BSE. No definitive source of infection with the BSE agent could be attributed in this case.
Multiscale habitat selection by cow moose (Alces alces) at calving sites in central Ontario
Authors: McLaren A.A.D. , Benson J.F. , Patterson B.R.
Published: November 2017

There is limited knowledge of moose (Alces alces (L., 1758)) calving site selection at the southern limit of their range. Varying results from previous research on calving habitat selection make it challenging to extrapolate to other populations. We used a combination of global positioning system (GPS) data from collared cow moose and GPS locations of expelled vaginal implant transmitters and neonatal calf captures to identify calving sites in two areas of central Ontario, Canada (Algonquin Provincial Park and Wildlife Management Unit 49 (WMU49)), that differed in terms of moose and timber harvest management. We investigated selection and avoidance of habitat types, roads, topography (slope and elevation), and forest stands of varying successional age during the calving season at three spatiotemporal scales — annual home range, seasonal range, calving site — using a combination of distance-based and classification-based variables. In both study areas, calving sites were on gentler slopes and closer to conifer stands than expected at the fine scale. Cows in WMU49 strongly selected rock–grass sites across all scales. This study also demonstrates the feasibility of using GPS collars to infer parturition and location of calving sites. We recommend ground-based microhabitat data be collected to better understand habitat selection of moose during calving.
Hispolon Suppresses LPS- or LTA-Induced iNOS/NO Production and Apoptosis in BV-2 Microglial Cells
Authors: Wu Ming-Shun , Chien Chih-Chiang , Cheng Kur-Ta , Subbaraju Gottumukkala V. , Chen Yen-Chou
Published: November 2017

Hispolon (HIS) is an active polyphenol compound derived from Phellinus linteus (Berkeley & Curtis), and our previous study showed that HIS effectively inhibited inflammatory responses in macrophages [Yang, L.Y., S.C. Shen, K.T. Cheng, G.V. Subbaraju, C.C. Chien and Y.C. Chen. Hispolon inhibition of inflammatory apoptosis through reduction of iNOS/NO production via HO-1 induction in macrophages. J. Ethnopharmacol. 156: 61–72, 2014]; however, its effect on neuronal inflammation is still undefined. In this study, HIS concentration- and time-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-induced inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS)/NO production with increased heme oxygenase (HO)-1 proteins in BV-2 microglial cells. Accordingly, HIS protected BV-2 cells from LPS- or LTA-induced apoptosis, characterized by decreased DNA ladder formation, and caspase-3 and poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein cleavage in BV-2 cells. Similarly, the NOS inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (NAME), inhibited LPS- or LTA-induced apoptosis of BV-2 cells, but neither NAME nor HIS showed any inhibition of NO production or cell death induced by the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), indicating the involvement of NO in the inflammatory apoptosis of microglial cells. Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor (NF)-[Formula: see text]B contributed to LPS- or LTA-induced iNOS/NO production and apoptosis of BV-2 cells, and that was suppressed by HIS. Additionally, HIS possesses activity to induce HO-1 protein expression via activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in BV-2 cells, and application of the HO inhibitor, tin protoporphyrin (SnPP), or knockdown of HO-1 protein by HO-1 small interfering (si)RNA significantly reversed HIS inhibition of NO production and cell death in BV-2 cells stimulated by LPS. Results of an analysis of the effects of HIS and two structurally related chemicals, i.e. dehydroxy-HIS (D-HIS) and HIS-methyl ester (HIS-ME), showed that HIS expressed the most potent inhibitory effects on iNOS/NO production, JNK activation, and apoptosis in BV-2 microglial cells activated by LPS with increased HO-1 protein expression. Overall these results suggested that HIS possesses inhibitory activity against LPS- or LTA-induced inflammatory responses including iNOS/NO production and apoptosis in BV-2 microglial cells and that the mechanisms involve upregulation of the HO-1 protein and downregulation of JNK/NF-[Formula: see text]B activation. A critical role of hydroxyl at position C3 in the anti-inflammatory actions of HIS against activated BV-2 microglial cells was suggested.
Berberine Ameliorates Diabetic Neuropathy: TRPV1 Modulation by PKC Pathway
Authors: Zan Yan , Kuai Cui-Xing , Qiu Zhi-Xia , Huang Fang
Published: November 2017

In recent years, berberine has increasingly become a topic of research as a treatment for diabetes due to its repair function, which recovers damaged pancreatic β cells. However, it is the complications of diabetes that seriously affect patients’ life quality and longevity, among which diabetic neuropathy and the consequent acute pain are the most common. In this study, we established STZ-induced diabetic models to observe whether berberine, a main constitute of Coptis chinensis Franch which has shown good hypoglycemic effects, could relieve diabetes-induced pain and explored its possible mechanism in rats and mice. Behavior assays showed increasing mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia thresholds by the Von Frey test and tail flick test during the treatment of berberine. It was found that the administration of berberine (20, 60 mg/kg; 30, 90 mg/kg) suppressed the expression of PKCε and TRPV1 which could be activated by hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory reaction. Our results also presented its capability to reduce the over expression of TNF-[Formula: see text] in diabetic rats and mice. TNF-[Formula: see text] is an inflammatory cytokine, which is closely related to diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Consequently, we supposed that berberine exerts its therapeutic effects in part by suppressing the inflammatory process and blocking the PKC pathway to inhibit TRPV1 activation, which damages neurons and causes diabetic pain.
Darboux transformation and multi-soliton solutions of local/nonlocal N-wave interactions
Authors: Sarfraz H. , Saleem U.
Published: November 2017

We study matrix Darboux transformation (MDT) for the generalized N-wave interactions (local/nonlocal) and express multi-soliton solutions in terms of ratios of determinants. In order to explain our construction, we obtain explicit expressions of single and double soliton solutions for local/nonlocal 3-wave and 4-wave interactions.
Notes on Born–Infeld-type electrodynamics
Authors: Kruglov S. I.
Published: November 2017

We propose a new model of nonlinear electrodynamics (NLED) with three parameters. Born–Infeld (BI) electrodynamics and exponential electrodynamics are particular cases of this model. The phenomenon of vacuum birefringence in the external magnetic field is studied. We show that there is no singularity of the electric field at the origin of point-like charged particles. The corrections to Coulomb’s law at [Formula: see text] are obtained. We calculate the total electrostatic energy of charges, for different parameters of the model, which is finite.
Semiclassical transport through a mesostructure and distribution of classical trajectories
Authors: Zhang Yanhui , Kang Lisha , Xu Xiulan , Tang Xu , Li Hongbo , Cai Xiangji
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we theoretically study the ballistic transport through a weakly open circular mesostructure within the framework of pseudopath semiclassical approximation. By defining the interference factor and comparing it numerically with the transmission amplitude, we demonstrate that the fluctuations in transmission amplitude are mainly due to the interference effects between different classical trajectories. In addition, we calculate the Fano factor versus cutoff length of classical trajectories in the energy domain to illustrate that the fluctuations in transmission amplitude mainly arise from the contribution of short-length classical trajectories. We further show that the transmission length power spectra not only associate with a lot of classical trajectories but with a series of nonclassical trajectories due to the diffraction scattering effects. Moreover, we show that the classical trajectories distributed in the mode–mode coupling function give the largest contribution to the corresponding transmission amplitude. We hope that our results and analysis can be used to reveal new effects of mesoscopic systems and to provide theoretical basis for the design of mesoscopic devices.
Parameter estimation for chaotic systems using improved bird swarm algorithm
Authors: Xu Chuangbiao , Yang Renhuan
Published: November 2017

Parameter estimation of chaotic systems is an important problem in nonlinear science and has aroused increasing interest of many research fields, which can be basically reduced to a multidimensional optimization problem. In this paper, an improved boundary bird swarm algorithm is used to estimate the parameters of chaotic systems. This algorithm can combine the good global convergence and robustness of the bird swarm algorithm and the exploitation capability of improved boundary learning strategy. Experiments are conducted on the Lorenz system and the coupling motor system. Numerical simulation results reveal the effectiveness and with desirable performance of IBBSA for parameter estimation of chaotic systems.
A new corresponding state-based correlation for the surface tension of organic fatty acids
Authors: Zhang Cuihua , Tian Jianxiang , Zheng Mengmeng , Yi Huili , Zhang Laibin , Liu Shuzhen
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we proposed a new corresponding state-based correlation for organic fatty (aliphatic, carboxylic and polyfunctional) acids. By using the recently published surface tension data of the 99 acids [A. Mulero and I. Cachadiña, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 45 (2016) 033105] and comparing with the recently published other corresponding state correlations, we found that this correlation reproduces the lowest absolute average deviation (AAD) values for 82 acids out of the 99 acids. It can reproduce the surface tension data with AAD less than 10% for 89 out of the 99 acids.
Uniform Persistence and Global Stability for a Brain Tumor and Immune System Interaction
Authors: Khajanchi Subhas
Published: November 2017

This paper describes the synergistic interaction between the growth of malignant gliomas and the immune system interactions using a system of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The proposed mathematical model comprises the interaction of glioma cells, macrophages, activated Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes (CTLs), the immunosuppressive factor TGF-[Formula: see text] and the immuno-stimulatory factor IFN-[Formula: see text]. The dynamical behavior of the proposed system both analytically and numerically is investigated from the point of view of stability. By constructing Lyapunov functions, the global behavior of the glioma-free and the interior equilibrium point have been analyzed under some assumptions. Finally, we perform numerical simulations in order to illustrate our analytical findings by varying the system parameters.
History of the development of Permian–Cretaceous rifts in East Africa: a series of interpreted maps through time
Authors: Macgregor Duncan
Published: November 2017

East Africa represents the most rifted portion of crust on the planet, having been subjected to numerous phases of extension from Permian to Recent times. The first rifting phase commences in the Permian as the ‘Karoo’ set of narrow half-graben, many formed by lateral shear. Peak rifting appears to be of Middle Permian age for rifts south of Tanzania. In Kenya, Ethiopia and Somalia, this rift population merges into a set of rifts with peak rifting of earliest Triassic age.

A further phase of rifting is seen in the Toarcian–Aalenian. Many of these overlie Permo-Triassic rifts but others are displaced towards what will become the continental margin. Three unrelated populations of Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous rifts are observed, including those in Somalia, a series of pull-apart basins on the Davie Ridge and a poorly documented set in southern Mozambique. The Anza Rift, with peak rifting in the Late Cretaceous associated with the building of rift shoulders kilometres in height, is proposed here to be an isolated plume-derived rift.

Evaluation of the petroleum potential associated with these rifts relies on an accurate assessment of each in terms of their age and affinity to well-documented systems.

Supplementary material:
A table of East Africa Permian–Mesozoic rift basins and references is available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3902653
Geology and hydrocarbon potential of the East African continental margin: a review
Authors: Davison Ian , Steel Ian
Published: November 2017

The East African margin has a complex structure due to multiple phases of rifting with different stretching directions. The main phase of rifting leading to Indian Ocean opening lasted from the Late Pliensbachian to the Bajocian (
c.
183 – 170 Ma). This occurred during impingement of the Bouvet hotspot which weakened the lithosphere sufficiently to allow continental break-up. Thick salt and marine shales were deposited during the Toarcian in the Majunga, Ambilobe and Mandawa basins and the onshore Ogaden Basin; marking the onset of the Indian Ocean marine incursion, when good quality oil-prone source rocks were deposited at this time. The recent giant gas discoveries in Tanzania and Mozambique are believed to be sourced from overmature Jurassic or, possibly, deeper Permian age Karoo shales. The margin from the Lamu Basin in the north to the Zambesi Delta in the south is covered by thick Tertiary and Cretaceous sediment derived from the East African rift shoulders, and Lower Jurassic source rocks are predicted to be in the gas window along most of the margin. However, the margins in South Africa, south Mozambique, northern Somalia and Madagascar are less deeply buried, and have better oil potential.

The large Tsimimo and Bemolanga tar sand deposits and the recent announcement of an oil rim in the Inhasorro Field indicate that there are good oil-prone source rocks in the Karoo rifts and in the Albian Domo shales; and the search for oil continues with companies exploring in areas where Jurassic source rocks may be less deeply buried, and/or potential Albian–Turonian-aged source rocks are sufficiently buried to generate oil.

Supplementary material:
Figures S1–S3 are available at:
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3894931
Job Insecurity and the Changing Workplace: Recent Developments and the Future Trends in Job Insecurity Research
Authors: Lee Cynthia , Huang Guo-Hua , Ashford Susan J.
Published: November 2017

This article updates our understanding of the field of job insecurity (JI) by incorporating studies across the globe since 2003, analyzes what we know, and offers ideas on how to move forward. We begin by reviewing the conceptualization and operationalization of job insecurity. We then review empirical studies of the antecedents, consequences, and moderators of JI effects, as well as the various theoretical perspectives used to explain the relationship of JI to various outcomes. Our analyses also consider JI research in different regions of the world, highlighting the cross-cultural differences. We conclude by identifying areas in need of future research. We propose that JI is and will continue to be a predominant employment issue, such that research into it will only increase in importance and relevance. In particular, we call for in-depth research that carefully considers the rapid changes in the workplace today and in the future.
MEF2 transcription factors in human placenta and involvement in cytotrophoblast invasion and differentiation
Authors: Li Lucy , Rubin Lewis P. , Gong Xiaoming
Published: November 2017

Development of the human placenta and its trophoblast cell types is critical for a successful pregnancy. Defects in trophoblast invasion and differentiation are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia. The members of myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) family of transcription factors are key regulators of cellular proliferation, differentiation, and invasion in various cell types and tissues and might play a similarly important role in regulating trophoblast proliferation, invasion, and differentiation during human placental development. In the present study, using human cytotrophoblast cell lines (HTR8/SVneo and BeWo) and primary human cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), we show that members of the MEF2 family are differentially expressed in human placental CTBs, with MEF2B and MEF2D being highly expressed in first trimester extravillous CTBs. Overexpression of MEF2D results in cytotrophoblast proliferation and enhances the invasion and migration of extravillous-like HTR8/SVneo cells. This invasive property is blocked by overexpression of a dominant negative MEF2 (dnMEF2). In contrast, MEF2A is the principal MEF2 isoform expressed in term CTBs, MEF2C and MEF2D being expressed more weakly, and MEF2B expression being undetected. Overexpression of MEF2A induces cytotrophoblast differentiation and syncytium formation in BeWo cells. During in vitro differentiation of primary CTBs, MEF2A expression is associated with CTB differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast. Additionally, the course of p38 MAPK and ERK5 activities parallels the increase in MEF2A expression. These findings suggest individual members of MEF2 family distinctively regulate cytotrophoblast proliferation, invasion, and differentiation. Dysregulation of expression of MEF2 family or of their upstream signaling pathways may be associated with placenta-related pregnancy disorders.
Edaravone, a Synthetic Free Radical Scavenger, Enhances Alteplase‐Mediated Thrombolysis
Authors: Kikuchi Kiyoshi , Setoyama Kentaro , Kawahara Ko-ichi , Nagasato Tomoka , Terashi Takuto , Ueda Koki , Nakanishi Kazuki , Otsuka Shotaro , Miura Naoki , Sameshima Hisayo , Hosokawa Kazuya , Harada Yoichiro , Shrestha Binita , Yamamoto Mika , Morimoto-Yamashita Yoko , Kikuchi Haruna , Kiyama Ryoji , Kamikokuryo Chinatsu , Tancharoen Salunya , Sakakima Harutoshi , Morioka Motohiro , Tanaka Eiichiro , Ito Takashi , Maruyama Ikuro
Published: November 2017

The combination of alteplase, a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, and edaravone, an antioxidant, reportedly enhances recanalization after acute ischemic stroke. We examined the influence of edaravone on the thrombolytic efficacy of alteplase by measuring thrombolysis using a newly developed microchip‐based flow‐chamber assay. Rat models of embolic cerebral ischemia were treated with either alteplase or alteplase‐edaravone combination therapy. The combination therapy significantly reduced the infarct volume and improved neurological deficits. Human blood samples from healthy volunteers were exposed to edaravone, alteplase, or a combination of alteplase and edaravone or hydrogen peroxide. Whole blood was perfused over a collagen‐ and thromboplastin‐coated microchip; capillary occlusion was monitored with a video microscope and flow‐pressure sensor. The area under the curve (extent of thrombogenesis or thrombolysis) at 30 minutes was 69.9% lower in the edaravone‐alteplase‐ than alteplase‐treated group. The thrombolytic effect of alteplase was significantly attenuated in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, suggesting that oxidative stress might hinder thrombolysis. D‐dimers were measured to evaluate these effects in human platelet‐poor plasma samples. Although hydrogen peroxide significantly decreased the elevation of D‐dimers by alteplase, edaravone significantly inhibited the decrease. Edaravone enhances alteplase‐mediated thrombolysis, likely by preventing oxidative stress, which inhibits fibrinolysis by alteplase in thrombi.