bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘A Newspaper War’?: Dutch Information Networks during the South African War (1899-1902)
Authors: Kuitenbrouwer Vincent
Published: September 2015

The South African War (1899-1902) caused a stir in the Netherlands. The Dutch public overwhelmingly supported the Boers in their struggle against the British. To support the ‘kinsmen’ in South Africa several organisations in the Netherlands embarked on an international propaganda campaign. This article considers the involvement of Dutch journalists in the pro-Boer agitation. They were confronted with a dilemma because as a small country the Netherlands officially was neutral and did not possess strong international lines of communications, which made it difficult to distribute information in other countries. This problem raised moral and practical questions about the Dutch press and its position in the world. Using concepts from the historiography on the media of the British Empire, Kuitenbrouwer analyses the Dutch press system around 1900. This article is part of the special issue 'A New Dutch Imperial History'.
De Kamers van Arbeid. Experimenten met politieke vertegenwoordiging in Nederland rond 1900
Authors: Veen Adriejan van
Published: September 2015

The Chambers of Labour: Experiments with Political Representation in the Netherlands ca. 1900In the historiography of the Netherlands so far relatively little attention has been paid to the history of organs of advice and deliberation from the perspective of the evolution of political representation. The late nineteenth century Chambers of Labour are one of the earliest examples of advisory organs representing functional interests. In this article it is argued that the Chambers of Labour constituted a new experiment with political representation in the Netherlands. Arising from a fruitful public debate about forms of representation as alternatives to or adjacent to parliamentary representation at the end of the nineteenth century, as well as local experiments with private labour councils, they were instituted as advisory organs complementary to parliament, representing new groups such as women and labourers. The Chambers of Labour should been seen as coming forth from new thinking about representation and as part of a democratic practice that transcended the parliamentary-electoral boundaries.
‘Dat nooit meer’ – ‘Never Again’
Authors: Kennedy James , Romijn Peter
Published: September 2015

In October of 2011 the Dutch historian and journalist Chris van der Heijden defended his dissertation Dat nooit meer – ‘Never Again’ which came out at the same time in a trade edition. In his 900-page magnum opus, supervised by the historians Hans Blom and Ido de Haan, Van der Heijden attempted to reconstruct ‘the aftermath of the Second World War in the Netherlands’. To do this, he offered a ‘thick description’ of incidents, affairs, public events and contemporary historiography, which together constructed the culture and politics of memory about that war. Van der Heijden’s work immediately generated controversy in the Netherlands. Various historians at the public defence of the dissertation expressed fundamental criticisms of the book, a trend also evident in the media and in several reviews. The disapproval addressed the author’s method, use of sources and interpretative framework (or lack thereof), often in strong terms. Van der Heijden started a web-based blog to answer his critics and a heated debate continued for some time. This review is part of the discussion forum 'Dat nooit meer' (Chris van der Heijden).
The War That Won’t Go Away
Authors: Moore Bob
Published: September 2015

This review contrasts the sometimes moralising Dutch historiography on the Second World War with the more detached approaches taken by Anglophone scholars on the same subjects, and suggests that many of the charges made against Chris van der Heijden’s work (Dat nooit meer. De nasleep van de Tweede Wereldoorlog in Nederland [Never Again: The Aftermath of the Second World War in The Netherlands]) from within the Netherlands would not have seemed so important in this wider constituency. At the same time, it takes issue with some elements of his writing style and the importance he ascribes to specific trends and features of Dutch postwar memory. This review is part of the discussion forum 'Dat nooit meer' (Chris van der Heijden).
‘Benelux moet in de harten en de geesten worden gebracht’. De cultureelpolitieke kijk op de Benelux in het naoorlogse België (1944-1955)
Authors: Witte Els
Published: September 2015

‘Benelux must be brought into the Heart and Mind’: The Cultural-Political View of the Benelux in Post-War Belgium (1944-1955)Benelux was a construction that came into being only with considerable difficulty and the first decade of its existence (1944-1954) was no easy beginning. Consequently, the Belgian political promotors of Benelux found it useful to publicise it on the cultural-political level, using their own networks and their publications. They also obtained help from the staff of the Belgian-Dutch Cultural Agreement and from academic historians and the international movement for textbook revision. In this article Els Witte analyses the texts of publications, reports and works that are concerned with this political-cultural approach. On one hand it appears that in no sense was there a streamlined, enthusiastic pro-Benelux discourse. Too much attention was given to controversies for this and the approach was used chiefly to strengthen the position of Belgian domestic policy. On the other hand the discourse fitted in with a new system of representation in which pluralism, the idea of cooperation with the Netherlands and West-European integration – with the Benelux in the vanguard – played a part.
Veins filled with the Diluted Sap of Rationality: A Critical Reply to Rens Bod
Authors: Fickers Andreas
Published: September 2015

This article argues – in contradiction to the thesis developed by Rens Bod – that the hermeneutic tradition of humanities is not obsolete, especially when trying to understand the opportunities and challenges of using digital technologies for future research. The practice of digital history will have to be based on the critical analysis of the creation, enrichment, editing and retrieval of digital data as much as on the application of classical source criticism and historical contextualisation. If ‘content’ or rather ‘data’ is king in digital humanities, as imagined by Bod, context is its crown – at least for digital historians. This article is part of the forum 'The End of the Humanities 1.0'.
Public History in a Digital Context: Back to the Future or Back to Basics?
Authors: Danniau Fien
Published: September 2015

This article concerns the dreams, practices and future for digital media for public history. Has the digital revolution changed the public history discipline? Thanks to characteristics such as flexibility, interactivity and capacity, digital media offer public historians new ways to present history and interact with the public. Wikipedia and the Children of the Lodz Gettho are two interesting public history cases that experiment with the potential of new media for public history. Looking at history online in general and the role public historians play there, some problems appear: a lack of historical narratives, a lack of self-criticism and digital illiteracy to name three. Based on some online field experience we distill some hands-on lessons concerning narratives, media and the public. Public historians have a lot of work ahead if they want to understand and use the Internet as a new arena for history. This article is part of the special issue 'Digital History'.
De veranderende bestuurscultuur in wetenschap en universiteit in de jaren zeventig en tachtig
Authors: Baneke David
Published: September 2015

Astronomy after Oort: The Changes in Administrative Culture in Science and the Universities in the 1970s and 1980sIn the early 1970s Dutch universities were reformed, while scientific research was faced with new social and political demands. A decade later science and university policy changed again, with increasing roles for market pressure and competition.These developments might seem opposed, but in this paper David Baneke will argue that in fact there was great continuity, both concerning the backgrounds of the policy and the practical consequences. Their goal was to cope with the rapid increase in scale and the costs of science, to open up closed elitist networks, and to counter inefficiency and arbitrary spending. The pressure to reform came both from policy makers and from within the universities themselves. In all cases the changes resulted in professional management structures and an increase in bureaucracy.In this paper, Baneke will analyse these developments from theperspective of the internationally prominent Dutch astronomical community, which experienced a serious crisis in 1970 in which every part of the disciplinary infrastructure was reconsidered. Rond 1970 werden de Nederlandse universiteiten grondig hervormd en werden er nieuwe maatschappelijke eisen gesteld aan wetenschappelijk onderzoek. In de jaren tachtig werden die hervormingen deels teruggedraaid, terwijl marktwerking en concurrentie een grotere plaats kregen in het wetenschapsbeleid.Die ontwikkelingen lijken tegenstrijdig, maar in dit artikel betoogt David Baneke dat er een grote continuïteit bestaat, zowel in de achtergronden van het beleid als in de uitwerking in de wetenschappelijke praktijk. Het waren pogingen om schaalvergroting en kostenstijging beheersbaar te houden, gesloten regenteske netwerken open te breken en willekeur en inefficiëntie te bestrijden. De druk om te veranderen kwam zowel van de overheid als uit de universiteiten zelf. Het gevolg was in alle gevallen een sterke groei van professionele managementstructuren en bureaucratie. Baneke analyseert deze ontwikkelingen vanuit het perspectief van de internationaal prominente Nederlandse astronomische gemeenschap, die rond 1970 een ernstige crisis doormaakte waarin de hele disciplinaire structuur ter discussie stond.
Repliek van het Rijksmuseum
Authors: Gosselink Martine
Published: September 2015

Response from the RijksmuseumIn its new format the Rijksmuseum is showing an integrated display of artistic and historical objects. As a result of its collection history, the museum focuses on Dutch art and history. Wherever possible the public is alerted to European and global contexts. Despite the first impression of the restored nineteenth century decoration schemes, the Rijksmuseum presents a twenty-first century, i.e. critical version of Dutch art and history. Limitations of the collection, which is evolving all the time thanks to new acquisitions, make it impossible to give all the topics noted by the critics their full due. Through texts and other means this shortcoming can be remedied to some extent. The Rijksmuseum is not a historical museum strictu sensu – and does not aim to be that either. Through collaborations with other historical museums, and with historians, the museum does aim to present historical knowledge to a large Dutch and international audience.Het Rijksmuseum heeft gekozen voor een geïntegreerde opstelling, waarinkunstvoorwerpen en historische objecten gezamenlijk worden getoond. Door de aard van de collectie van het Rijksmuseum vormen Nederlandse cultuur en geschiedenis de hoofdmoot. Waar mogelijk wordt de aandacht gevestigd op de Europese en mondiale context. Ondanks de eerste indruk van de gerestaureerde negentiendeeeuwse decoraties biedt het Rijksmuseum uitdrukkelijk een eenentwintigste-eeuws, dus kritisch beeld van de Nederlandse cultuur en geschiedenis. Beperkingen van de collectie, die overigens door middel van verwervingen wel steeds evolueert, maken dat niet aan alle door de recensenten gesignaleerde onderwerpen de doorhen gewenste aandacht kan worden besteed. Door middel van tekstborden en andere hulpmiddelen wordt daarin ten dele voorzien. Het Rijksmuseum kan en wil niet een louter historisch museum zijn. Door middel van  samenwerking met andere historische musea, en met wetenschappers, beoogt het museum historische kennis aan een omvangrijk Nederlands en internationaal publiek te presenteren.
Paulina de Nijs, Hans Kroeze, Martin Hillenga (eds.), De middeleeuwse kloostergeschiedenis van de Nederlanden. I: [Inleidend deel]; II: Dagelijks leven; III: Kloosters in Groningen
Authors: Goudriaan Koen
Published: September 2015

Paulina de Nijs, Hans Kroeze, Martin Hillenga (eds.), De middeleeuwse kloostergeschiedenis van de Nederlanden. I: [Inleidend deel] (Zwolle: Waanders, 2008, 240 pp., ISBN 978 90 400 8373 0); II: Dagelijks leven (Zwolle: Waanders, 2011, 200 pp., ISBN 978 90 400 7737 1); III: Kloosters in Groningen (Zwolle: Waanders, 2011, 192 pp., ISBN 978 90 400 7748 7).
Introduction: Batavian Phlegm? The Dutch and their Emotions in Pre-Modern Times
Authors: Roodenburg Herman , Santing Catrien
Published: September 2015

In the autumn of 2011 the Royal Dutch Historical Society held its annual autumn conference. The theme was Cool, Calm and Collected: The Dutch and their Emotions in Pre-Modern Times. This introduction to the subsequent special issue of the BMGN -Low Countries Historical Review gives a brief historiographical overview of the history of emotions in general and its scant practice to date in the Northern Netherlands. Seven case-studies are introduced that show that the assumed phlegmatic character of the Dutch was a relatively late construction, coming into being in the course of the eighteenth century. Earlier descriptions of local and regional characteristics vary widely. Although most of the earlier authors mention the negative influence of the damp living conditions on the Dutch, just as frequently passionate behaviour, expressing vivacity, anger and heightened sentiments, was deemed typical of the freedom-loving barbarians from the north. The current national hero Desiderius Erasmus for example was known for his jealous, rash and overly emotional temper. This introduction is part of the special issue 'Batavian Phlegm?'. Bataafs Flegma? De Nederlanders en hun emoties in de Premoderne TijdHet najaarscongres van het KNHG had in 2011 als thema Cool, Calm and Collected: The Dutch and their Emotions in Pre-Modern Times. Deze introductie op het daaruit voortvloeiende themanummer van BMGN - Low  Countries Historical Review geeft zowel een kort historiografisch overzicht van de emotiegeschiedenis in het algemeen als van haar (bescheiden) beoefening tot nu toe in Nederland. Zeven casussen laten zien dat de  veronderstelde flegmatische volksaard van de Nederlander een late  constructie was die in loop van de achttiende eeuw tot stand kwam. Vroegere beschrijvingen van lokale of regionale kenmerken lopen nogal uiteen. Hoewel de meeste oudere auteurs de negatieve invloed van de vochtige leefomstandigheden op de Nederlanders wel onderkenden, beschouwden zij evenzeer onbesuisd gedrag dat vrolijkheid, boosheid en verhitte gevoelens uitdrukte, als typerend voor de vrijheidslievende barbaren uit het noorden. Desiderius Erasmus bijvoorbeeld, tegenwoordig onderdeel van de Canon van de Nederlandse geschiedenis, stond bekend om zijn jaloerse, onstuimige en emotionele karakter.Deze introductie maakt deel uit van het themanummer 'Batavian Phlegm?'.
Experiential Protestantism and Emotional Communities: A Case-Study of an Eighteenth-Century Ego-Document
Authors: Van Lieburg Fred
Published: September 2015

The new history of emotions and the modern history of religion share the important question of the interconnection of mind and body in building and experiencing world views. This article offers a micro-analysis of the complex pattern of cognitions, feelings and practices in a specific context of Protestant culture in the Dutch town of Willemstad in the middle of the eighteenth century. A detailed account of what happened among a group of pious men and women during a single week in 1757 enables us to reveal the interplay of Biblical examples, theological notions, use of language, social interactions and intensive communication in an outburst of spiritual and bodily emotions in a private community within the public order of the confessional state. The case is placed against the background of religious ‘regime change’ that allowed people to express their individual and inner faith in and outside the official church or civil organisations. This article is part of the special issue 'Batavian Phlegm?'. Bevindelijk protestantisme en emotionele gemeenschappen. Een case-study van een achttiende-eeuws egodocumentDe nieuwe emotiegeschiedenis en de moderne religiegeschiedenis delen de belangrijke vraag naar de verbinding tussen geest en lichaam in de vorming en ervaring van wereldbeelden. Dit artikel biedt een micro-analyse van het ingewikkelde patroon van cognities, gevoelens en praktijken in een specifieke context van protestantse cultuur in Willemstad in het  midden van de achttiende eeuw. Een gedetailleerd verslag van gebeurtenissen in een groep van vrome mannen en vrouwen in een enkele week in 1757 maakt de onthulling mogelijk van het samenspel tussen bijbelse voorbeelden, theologische noties, taalgebruik, sociale interacties en intensieve communicatie in een uitbarsting van spirituele en lichamelijke emoties in een private gemeenschap binnen de publieke orde van de confessionele staat. De casus wordt geplaatst tegen de achtergrond van een religieuze regimewisseling die mensen ruimte gaf om binnen en buiten de officiële kerk of burgerlijke organisaties uitdrukking te geven aan hun individuele en innerlijke geloofsbeleving. Dit artikel maakt deel uit van het themanummer 'Batavian Phlegm?'.
Een ‘War and Society’-geschiedenis van de Tachtigjarige Oorlog
Authors: Brandon Pepijn
Published: September 2015

In this review article, Pepijn Brandon discusses Petra Groen (ed.), De Tachtigjarige Oorlog. Van opstand naar geregelde oorlog 1568-1648 (The Eighty Years War: From Revolt to All-Out War 1568-1648). The main strength of this work lies in its outspoken endorsement of a ‘War and Society’ approach to the Dutch Revolt, freeing military history from its old-fashioned, often nationalist and militarist streak, and focusing attention on the interaction between the military struggle and society at large. However the possibilities for reinterpretation offered by this approach are not fully grasped, and the gaps in our knowledge of the Revolt that become apparent from this synthesis frequently remain under-explored. Why do we still know so little about the motivations of ‘ordinary soldiers’ in the rebel army? Were military factors the main determinant in the eventual separation between North and South? In what ways did war influence the character of the new state? A more consistent application of a ‘War and Society’ approach would help to integrate these old questions in a new interpretative framework.In dit recensie-artikel bespreekt Pepijn Brandon het onder redactie van Petra Groen verschenen De Tachtigjarige Oorlog. Van opstand naar geregelde oorlog 1568-1648. De kracht van deze overzichtsstudie ligt in de toepassing van een uitgesproken ‘War and Society’-benadering, die de militaire geschiedenis ontdoet van haar ouderwetse, vaak nationalistische en militaristische insteek en de aandacht richt op de samenhang tussen oorlog en maatschappij. Maar de mogelijkheden voor herinterpretatie die deze benadering van de Opstand biedt, worden niet volledig benut, en de lacunes in onze kennis die deze studie blootlegt, blijven vaak onbenoemd. Waarom weten we nog zo weinig over de motieven van ‘de gewone soldaat’ in het rebellenleger? Hoe doorslaggevend waren militaire factoren in de uiteindelijke scheiding tussen Noord en Zuid? En op welke manieren beïnvloedde de oorlog het karakter van de nieuwe staat? Een consequente toepassing van de ‘War and Society’-benadering maakt het mogelijk deze oude vragen in te passen in een nieuw betoog.
Plaatsen van beschaafd vertier
Authors: Kennedy James
Published: September 2015

Plaatsen van beschaafd vertier [Places of civilised amusement] by Jan Hein Furnée, which appeared as a PhD thesis in 2007 and was adapted and extended into a book in 2012, is regarded by historians of the Low Countries as an impressive tour de force. In a stimulating manner Furnée demonstrates with this profound urban history that for the elite of The Hague leisure activities played an important role in acquiring status and maintaining their position. His study is based on extensive and systematic research into a great variety of sources, from census registers, membership lists of clubs and societies to address books. This gives the reader an extraordinarily detailed picture of the changing social relations in the upper echelons of society in The Hague in the latter half of the nineteenth century. The sophisticated use of both qualitative and quantitative methods can serve as a model for other historians in the field of urban history. In a lively fashion Furnée shows that the inhabitants of The Hague grasped at all kinds of pastimes in order to distinguish themselves from others, and when possible to increase their own status through their participation in elegant societies, theatre visits or supporting the proposed zoo: but the book also makes statements about status and class, the history of gender and of politics at the end of the nineteenth century.  This review is part of the discussion forum 'Plaatsen van beschaafd vertier' (Jan Hein Furnée).Plaatsen van beschaafd vertier van Jan Hein Furnée dat in 2007 als proefschrift en in 2012 bewerkt en uitgebreid als boek verscheen, staat onder historici van de Lage Landen bekend als een imponerende tour de force. Op prikkelende wijze laat Furnée in deze diepgravende stadsgeschiedenis zien dat vrijetijdsbesteding voor Haagse elites een belangrijke rol speelde in standsvorming en handhaving van hun positie. Zijn studie is gebaseerd op uitgebreid en systematisch onderzoek van veelsoortige bronnen, van volkstellingsregisters, ledenlijsten van verenigingen en sociëteiten tot adresboeken. Hierdoor krijgen we een buitengewoon gedetailleerd beeld van de veranderende sociale verhoudingen in de toplagen van de Haagse samenleving tijdens de laatste helft van de negentiende eeuw. Het verfijnd gebruik van zowel kwalitatieve als kwantitatieve methoden kan een model zijn voor andere historici die zich op het terrein van urban history begeven. Furnée laat op kleurrijke wijze zien dat Hagenaren allerlei vertier aangrepen om zich van anderen te onderscheiden en waar mogelijk hun eigen status te verhogen, door hun participatie in deftige sociëteiten, het bezoek aan de schouwburg of steun aan de nieuw op te richten dierentuin. Maar ook doet het boek uitspraken over stand en klasse, gendergeschiedenis en de politieke geschiedenis aan het einde van de negentiende eeuw. Deze recensie maakt deel uit van het discussiedossier 'Plaatsen van beschaafd vertier' (Jan Hein Furnée).
De grenzen tussen Fatsoenlijke Geschiedschrijving en Dirty Sociology
Authors: Van de Putte Bart
Published: September 2015

In his book Plaatsen van beschaafd vertier (Places of civilised pleasure) Furnée gives a picture of the social life of the well-to-do classes of The Hague in the nineteenth century. A pivotal insight is the crucial importance of social boundaries in understanding social life. This insight, like many other aspects explored in the book, is not only important in comprehending nineteenth-century Hague society, but is also helpful in understanding group life in any other social context. Therefore, while it is very clear that the book adds insights to the debates in other scientific disciplines, it is remarkable that the author does not formally address these debates. This lack of interdisciplinary discussion however, is largely compensated by the richness of the material and the understanding that is delivered by Furnée. This review is part of the discussion forum 'Plaatsen van beschaafd vertier' (Jan Hein Furnée). Plaatsen van beschaafd vertier van Furnée beschrijft op overtuigende wijze het sociale leven van de ‘betere’ sociale groepen in negentiende-eeuws Den Haag. Bovenal maakt het boek op heldere wijze duidelijk hoe cruciaal groepsgrenzen zijn in het begrijpen van dit sociale leven. Zonder veel moeite haalt de lezer tal van inzichten uit de beschrijvingen van Furnée die van nut zijn bij het bestuderen van gelijk welke andere samenleving. De auteur houdt wel opmerkelijk afstand van andere wetenschappelijke disciplines zoals de sociologie. Dit gemis aan grensoverschrijdende discussies is te betreuren maar wordt ruimschoots gecompenseerd door de gulheid waarmee Furnée zijn onderzoeksonderwerp analyseert, zowel qua thematiek als qua diepgang. Deze recensie maakt deel uit van het discussiedossier 'Plaatsen van beschaafd vertier' (Jan Hein Furnée).
Inzicht door onderdompeling. Een reactie op Bart Van de Putte, Henk de Smaele en Dirk Jan Wolffram
Authors: Furnée Jan Hein
Published: September 2015

Giving a detailed account of the social history of The Hague’s most prominent sites of civilised leisure – the gentlemen’s clubs, the zoo, the Royal Theatre and the seaside resort of Scheveningen – Plaatsen van beschaafd vertier demonstrates how the constant struggle for social in- and exclusion structured the daily lives of upper and middle class men and women in The Hague in the nineteenth century. In response to Bart Van de Putte, Jan Hein Furnée argues that extensive quantitative analyses of ‘class’ and ‘social class’ show that objective class stratifications based on wealth and/or occupation are important tools, but at most semi-finished products for historical research. Furnée fully agrees with Henk de Smaele’s objection that his study would have benefitted from a more in-depth reflection on the ways in which shifting patterns in women’s freedom of movement in urban spaces were related to their political and economic emancipation. In response to Dirk Jan Wolffram, Furnée repeats some examples given in his book that show how political practices in places of leisure impacted upon local and national politics, even though this did not directly contribute to a linear process of increasing political participation and representation. This response is part of the discussion forum 'Plaatsen van beschaafd vertier' (Jan Hein Furnée).Aan de hand van een gedetailleerde analyse van de sociale geschiedenis van herenen burgersociëteiten, de dierentuin, de Koninklijke Schouwburg en badplaats Scheveningen demonstreert Plaatsen van beschaafd vertier hoe de constante strijd om sociale in- en uitsluiting het dagelijks leven van mannen en vrouwen uit de hogere en middenstanden in negentiende-eeuws Den Haag beheerste. In reactie op Bart Van de Putte betoogt Jan Hein Furnée dat grondige kwantitatieve analyses van ‘class’ en ‘social class’ uitwijst dat objectieve sociale stratificaties op basis van welstand en/of beroep voor historisch onderzoek weliswaar zeer nuttig en zelfs noodzakelijk, maar uiteindelijk slechts een halffabrikaat kunnen zijn. Furnée geeft Henk de Smaele volledig gelijk dat zijn onderzoek zou hebben geprofiteerd van een meer diepgaande reflectie op de manier waarop verschuivingen in de ruimtelijke bewegingsvrijheid van vrouwen kunnen worden gerelateerd met politieke en economische emancipatie. In reactie op Dirk Jan Wolffram herneemt Furnée enkele voorbeelden uit zijn studie waaruit blijkt hoe politieke praktijken in plaatsen van vertier van invloed waren op de lokale en nationale politiek, zonder echter te resulteren in een lineair proces van toenemende politieke participatie en representatie. Deze repliek maakt deel uit van het discussiedossier 'Plaatsen van beschaafd vertier' (Jan Hein Furnée).
Historische excuses. Inleiding
Authors: Jonker Ed
Published: September 2015

Het aanbieden van historische excuses lijkt tegenwoordig van uitzondering tot regel te zijn geworden. Dergelijke morele verontschuldigingen worden gecompliceerd door de erkenning van politieke, juridische en financiële verantwoordelijkheid. De vertaling van deze officiële schuldbelijdenissen naar een praktische politics of regret leidt vaak tot teleurstellingen. Deze introductie maakt deel uit van het forum 'Historische excuses' IntroductionNowadays offering historical apologies seems to be the rule. Such  moral admissions of guilt are complicated by the acknowledgement of political, legal and financial responsibilities. The conversion of  official repentance into a practical politics of regret often leads to emotional disappointment. This introduction is part of the forum 'Historical apologies'.
Over historische excuses, morele genoegdoening en verzoening
Authors: Jonker Ed
Published: September 2015

Het aanbieden van historische verontschuldigingen is verweven met begrippen van vergeving, verzoening en genoegdoening. Ethische opvattingen, religieuze overtuigingen en rechtsregels spelen een rol, net als politiek en emoties als rouw, hebzucht en generositeit. Historici stellen vragen naar de oorsprong van verschijnselen. Waar komt de recente excuuscultuur vandaan? Is het echt een post-nationaal fenomeen? Voorts spelen verontschuldigingen zich af in sterk uiteenlopende omstandigheden. De eisers kunnen individuele slachtoffers zijn, of goed georganiseerde groepen van belangenbehartigers. Het palet van instellingen dat zij aanspreken, loopt van nationale overheden tot kerken, particuliere verenigingen en kleine gemeenschappen. In het fragiele proces van verzoening treden twee conflicterende denkwijzen op, die van de overtuigingsethiek tegenover die van de verantwoordingsethiek. De combinatie van deze twee houdingen en stijlen leidt maar al te vaak tot teleurstellingen in specifieke gevallen van het vragen, aanbieden, toekennen en accepteren van verontschuldigingen. Dit artikel maakt deel uit van het forum 'Historische excuses'.On Historical Apologies, Recognition and ReconciliationMaking historical apologies involves notions of forgiveness, recognition, reconciliation and compensation. Ethical beliefs, religious convictions and legal principles come into play, as do politics and emotions like grief, greed and generosity. As historians, we are apt to ask questions of origin. From where does the recent culture of apologies for historical wrongdoings stem? Is it really a post-national phenomenon? Next, we can discern many contexts of making apologies. Claimants might be individual victims or highly organised caretakers. The institutions they address range from national governments to churches, private associations and small communities. In the precarious process of reconciliation we see two rival mind-sets at work, that of the ethics of conviction contrasting with that of the ethics of responsibility. Combining these two attitudes and styles often results in disappointments in actual cases of demanding, offering, granting and accepting apologies. This article is part of the forum 'Historical apologies'.
Juridisch afgedwongen excuses. Rawagedeh, Zuid-Celebes en de Nederlandse terughoudendheid
Authors: Luttikhuis Bart
Published: September 2015

In de zomer van 2013 bood Nederland voor het eerst in de geschiedenis officieel excuses aan voor misdaden begaan tijdens de onafhankelijkheidsoorlog in Indonesië (1945-1949). Indonesische slachtoffers hadden de Nederlandse regering hiertoe gedwongen door middel van twee civiele rechtszaken. Het bewandelen van de juridische weg verschafte aan hen een stem in het land van de daders en gaf ze een kans hun rechten op te eisen. Maar de juridische benadering van het spreken over historisch onrecht kan ook keerzijden hebben. Het beperkt namelijk het publieke debat tot nauw omlijnde gevallen die binnen de parameters van de juridische bewijsvoering vallen. Bovendien zorgt het feit dat excuses juridisch afgedwongen moeten worden ervoor dat de kans op verzoening – het doel van de excuses – aanmerkelijk vermindert. De juridisering van het spreken over historische excuses is daarmee een tweesnijdend zwaard. Dit artikel maakt deel uit van het forum 'Historische excuses'.Legally Sanctioned Apologies: Rawagedeh, South Sulawesi, and Dutch ReticenceIn the summer of 2013, for the first time in history, the Netherlands decided to officially apologise for crimes committed by its troops during the Indonesian war of independence (1945-1949). Indonesian victims had forced the Dutch government to take this step by suing it in two consecutive civil lawsuits. Taking legal steps had offered these victims a chance to demand justice and have their voices heard in the land of the perpetrators. However the legal approach to bringing historical injustice to public attention can also have adverse effects. It confines public debate to very specific types of incidents that fall within the parameters of legal responsibility and legal evidence. Moreover, the fact that apologies have to be legally enforced diminishes the chance of successful reconciliation – the apparent goal of apologies. The juridification of speaking about historical apologies is therefore a double-edged sword. This article is part of the forum 'Historical apologies'.
Politieke verontschuldigingen in België. Enkele bedenkingen over een morele en politieke economie
Authors: Bevernage Berber
Published: September 2015

Dit stuk plaatst het fenomeen van verontschuldigingen voor collectief historisch onrecht tegen de achtergrond van de veel vaker voorkomende en schijnbaar trivialere politieke verontschuldigingen in een parlementaire democratie. Berber Bevernage focust op het bicamerale federale parlement van België vanaf de vroege jaren 1990 tot op heden (2013). Eerst bespreekt Bevernage een aantal zwaarwegende internationale kwesties, gevolgd door kleinere ‘incidenten’ zoals die in de internationale politiek vaak voorkomen. Daarna volgen zware, ernstige en triviale voorbeelden uit de binnenlandse politiek. Deze benadering biedt een goed inzicht in de veelheid aan strategieën en motieven waaraan ‘excuuspolitiek’ gerelateerd kan worden. Het uiten van verontschuldigingen is ondanks het aspect van het ‘schuld bekennen’ politiek aantrekkelijk omdat het politiek kapitaal kan opleveren en een afsluitend effect kan hebben. Toch houdt het uiten en eisen van verontschuldigingen ook politieke risico’s in. Dit artikel maakt deel uit van het forum 'Historische excuses'. Political Apologies in Belgium: Some Reflections on a Moral and Political EconomyThis article discusses the phenomenon of apologies for collective historical injustice against the background of the much more common and seemingly trivial political apologies in a parliamentary democracy. Berber Bevernage focuses on the bicameral federal parliament of Belgium from 1990 to 2013. Firstly, Bevernage discusses a series of grave international issues, followed by a series of smaller ‘incidents’ such as those that often occur in international politics. Secondly, he discusses a series of examples taken from domestic politics – the grave, the serious and the trivial. This approach affords a good insight into the great variety of strategies and motives to which excuse politics can be related. Despite the aspect of recognising guilt, the expression of apologies is politically attractive because it can yield political capital and because it can produce an effect of closure. Yet, the expression and demanding of apologies also comes with certain political risks.This article is part of the forum 'Historical apologies'.
Historische televisieproducties
Authors: Janssen Geert , Bruaene Anne-Laure van
Published: September 2015

In ‘Dat is wel eens anders geweest!’ reiken Paul Knevel en Jouke Turpijn handvatten aan om geschiedenis op televisie in een breed histori(ografi)sch perspectief te duiden. Vertrekkend vanaf de eerste producties bespreken zij het wonderbaarlijke succes van geschiedenisseries in de eenentwintigste eeuw. Zij staan stil bij de moeizame relatie in Nederland tussen academische geschiedenis engeschiedenis op televisie en vergelijken dit met andere landen. Hans Boers, Jelena Dobbels en Ingrid Leonard werpen een kritische blik op het populaire televisieprogramma Ten Oorlog en gaat daarbij in op het spanningsveld tussen geschiedenis en entertainment, tussen historici en ‘het publiek’. Geschiedenis kan via verschillende formats zoals een historische documentaire of een reisprogramma aan bod komen op televisie. Deze introductie maakt deel uit van het forum 'Historische televisieproducties'.History on Dutch TelevisionIn ‘Dat is wel eens anders geweest!’ [It was different then!] Paul Knevel and Jouke Turpijn attempt to provide tools for historians to analyse history on the television in a broad historiographical perspective. They cover the first history productions in the Netherlands and the remarkable success of major series in the twentyfirst century. The difficult relation between academic and public history on the television in the Netherlands is placed in an international context. A Critical Look at Ten Oorlog [To War] reflects critically on the popular television programme Ten Oorlog,thereby examining the field of tension between history and entertainment, between historians and ‘the public’. This introduction is part of the forum 'History on Dutch Television'.
Inadequação vocabular em redações escolares brasileiras
Authors: Sipavicius Seide Marcia
Published: September 2015

RESUMO:

Este artigo descreve um experimento realizado para verificar se professores de Língua Portuguesa e alunos do curso de Licenciatura em Letras percebem falhas redacionais por inadequação vocabular, haja vista que duas pesquisas apontaram um número significativo de escolhas lexicais inadequadas em redações escolares escritas por brasileiros. A subnotificação desse tipo de falha evidenciada pela pesquisa apresentada nesse artigo indica a necessidade de inclusão de estudos sobre a propriedade vocabular e respectiva metodologia de ensino em cursos de formação docente.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: inadequação vocabular, correção textual, formação docente.
Leonard Bloomfield e o ensino de leitura
Authors: Rodrigues da Fonseca Passos Maria de Lourdes , Conceição Djenane Brasil da
Published: September 2015

RESUMO:

Este artigo explora a singularidade e potencialidade do trabalho do eminente linguista Leonard Bloomfield sobre ensino de leitura, elaborado no período de 1920-1940 e publicado postumamente em 1961 como Let’s Read: A Linguistic Approach. Baseado no ensino do princípio alfabético (as relações sistemáticas grafema-fonema envolvidas na leitura de textos com escrita alfabética), cuja importância é amplamente aceita entre pesquisadores no campo do ensino de leitura, o método utiliza pares mínimos de palavras escritas apresentadas numa sequência de ensino que contribui para o aprendizado sem erros, alimentando a motivação do aprendiz. Experiências e experimentos no ensino da leitura do inglês indicaram a efetividade do método, que ainda não tem paralelo na língua portuguesa.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ensino de leitura; escrita alfabética; linguística estrutural; Leonard Bloomfield.
A TUTELA INTERNACIONAL DO MEIO AMBIENTE: UM CONTEXTO HISTÓRICO
Authors: Jaques Marcelo Dias
Published: September 2015

O presente estudo consiste em uma contextualização histórica acerca da proteção internacional do meio ambiente, que perpassa uma análise dos fatores sociais e do conjunto de condições que propiciaram o descobrimento da natureza enquanto um bem essencial para a vida humana e a compreensão de que é urgente protegê-la. O estudo possui caráter qualitativo e a metodologia adotada consiste fundamentalmente em pesquisa bibliográfica. Através desta abordagem, propomos uma reflexão relevante, a medida que, ao entender os motivos que fomentaram a preocupação ambiental, torna-se mais fácil ponderar nossos próprios atos e avaliar de que forma podemos contribuir, ainda que individualmente, para a preservação do meio ambiente.
OS DIREITOS HUMANOS E A EMERGÊNCIA DAS CATÁSTROFES AMBIENTAIS: uma relação necessária
Authors: Vieira Ligia Ribeiro , Derani Cristiane
Published: September 2015

O presente trabalho aborda a questão da relação entre as catástrofes ambientais e os direitos humanos, propugnando pela construção de um direito dos desastres sob uma ótica humanista. Para tanto, estuda, primeiramente, o que seria o conceito de catástrofe, principalmente sob a perspectiva da justiça ambiental. Em um segundo momento demonstra a relação limitada entre os desastres ambientais e os direitos humanos no plano internacional, ressaltando a importância de se considerar o meio ambiente como um direito humano para que esse vínculo seja estabelecido. E por fim, analisa a importância do desenvolvimento de um direito dos desastres que inclua em todas as suas fases a garantia e a proteção aos direitos humanos.
A VINCULAÇÃO DO PODER PÚBLICO NA CRIAÇÃO DE UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO
Authors: Marcon Victor trevilin benatti
Published: September 2015

O artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar que a instituição de Unidades de Conservação no Brasil consiste em uma obrigação do Poder Público. Para tanto, serão analisadas as Unidades de Conservação na Constituição Federal, a competência para a instituição dessas áreas, a sua importância para a proteção do Meio Ambiente e, consequentemente, para a efetivação da dignidade da pessoa humana, a sua atual situação no país, os aspectos gerais de sua criação e instituição, e finalizando, com base na própria Constituição Federal, demonstraremos o dever público, a vinculação dos Governos na criação desses espaços.
ORGANISMOS GENETICAMENTE MODIFICADOS SOB A PERSPECTIVA DA TUTELA DAS GERAÇÕES FUTURAS
Authors: Torquato de Oliveira Naves Bruno , Vitoriano e Silva Marcela
Published: September 2015

A manipulação genética, como atividade biotecnológica, trouxe novos horizontes para a sociedade moderna. Por outro lado, mostra-se como uma ameaça para as gerações futuras, por criar riscos de alto potencial danoso, com probabilidade de concretização futura. A limitação do uso dos recursos naturais e da fruição da qualidade ambiental pela ocorrência dos efeitos negativos de organismos geneticamente modificados poderia atentar contra a liberdade e a igualdade das próximas gerações. Nesse contexto, o princípio da precaução mostra-se como instrumento de garantia dos interesses das gerações futuras em razão da sua função de delimitação, afastamento e mitigação de riscos incertos.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Rezende Elcio Nacur
Published: September 2015

A Revista Veredas do Direito -  Direito Ambiental e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, apresenta à comunidade mais um volume contendo excelentes artigos científicos.Este periódico é fruto da melhor pesquisa estrangeira e brasileira na Área de Concentração do Programa de Pós-graduação em Direito da Escola Superior Dom Helder Câmara que tem como curso o Mestrado Acadêmico em Direito Ambiental e Desenvolvimento Sustentável.
Effect of Well Spacing On Productivity Of Liquid Rich Shale (LRS) Reservoirs With Multiphase Flow: A Simulation Study
Authors: Khanal A.. , Khoshghadam M.. , Lee W. J.
Published: September 2015

With the recent slump in the price of crude oil, it has become essential to improve the net present value (NPV) of unconventional reservoirs by intelligently down-spacing the horizontal wells with multistage fractures wells. Unconventional Liquid-Rich Shale (LRS) reservoirs, characterized by low permeability, require optimal well density in addition to stimulation for economic viability. Optimally designed multi-well facilities simplify well management and maintenance, prevent overcapitalization by eliminating redundant equipment and increase the overall long-term economic outlook of LRS plays.

This paper presents a systematic workflow to identify the best well spacing strategies for liquid rich shale (LRS) plays with multiple fluid gradients and significant multiphase flow. We analyzed the performance of wells with different spacing and fluid composition, ranging from volatile oil to rich gas condensate based on different initial in-situ solution gas oil ratios (GOR). Compositional reservoir simulation was performed on analog wells with drilling and completion techniques similar to several LRS plays to calculate EUR's for different well spacing scenarios. NPV analysis was performed for each case to identify the “cut-off' range, after which further down-spacing causes a negative NPV, with results varying for differen fluid compositions.

The results from the study show that the workflow presented in this paper provides a reliable tool to predict the performance of a various well-spacing conditions in a reservoir with multiphase flow. Well interference increased when well spacing was decreased below a certain threshold value, based on the initial fluid composition and other reservoir parameters. The wells cannibalized each other when they were too closely spaced resulting in lower per-well production. Furthermore, the increase in final cumulative production was negligible beyond a certain well spacing, making it economically unappealing. For gas condensates, reduced well spacing beyond a certain value showed a detrimental effect on final cumulative condensate production due to larger amounts of condensate dropout. We can conclude from the results that increases in NPV of LRS reservoirs require a careful implementation of optimal well spacing based on initial fluid and reservoir conditions.

This paper demonstrates that LRS reservoirs need optimal well spacing for optimum production and favorable NPV. It also provides a reliable methodology to identify proper well spacing for improved overall recovery based on different reservoir and fluid conditions.
April–June precipitation reconstruction for Xi'an and drought assessment for the Guanzhong Plain from tree rings of Chinese pine
Authors: Chen Feng , Yuan Yujiang , Wei Wenshou , Fan Ziang , Zhang Ruibo , Yu Shulong
Published: September 2015

Variations in earlywood width (EWW) of Chinese pine in the Nanwutai Mountain were used to develop high-resolution climate proxy data to extend existing climate records in Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi Province, China. Growth–climate response analyses showed the EWW series in Nanwutai Mountain are mainly influenced by spring and early summer precipitation. Based on the EWW series derived from the Nanwutai Mountain, we developed an April–June precipitation reconstruction for Xi'an for the period 1800–2009. The climate/tree-growth model accounts for 36.4% of the instrumental precipitation variance during the period 1951–2009. Spatial climate correlation analyses with the gridded precipitation data revealed that our precipitation reconstruction contains a strong regional precipitation signal for the Guanzhong Plain. Our reconstruction successfully captured recent climatic changes and agreed, in general, with other tree-ring-based precipitation reconstructions from nearby regions on a decadal timescale. The rainfall/drought series in northern China also showed highly synchronous decreasing trends since the 1970s, suggesting that precipitation related to the East Asian summer monsoon has decreased by large spatial and temporal (decadal) scales. In addition, wavelet analysis revealed the existence of some decadal (13.3-year) and interannual (9.1-, 5.4-, 3.1-, and 2.1-year) cycles, which may potentially be the fingerprints of some proposed climate change forcings, such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation and solar activities.