bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introducing Column Chromatography through Colorful Reactions of Guaiazulene
Authors: Morgan Paul M. , Wilson Anne M. , Lutz J. Patrick
Published: June 2024

We report two related experiments to introduce column chromatography in the context of a second-year organic chemistry lab course or an upper-division advanced organic chemistry lab course. Both experiments involve functionalization of guaiazulene via electrophilic aromatic substitution, and the highly colored starting material and products serve as clear visual indicators of reaction progress and of the purification. The longer version of the experiment scaffolds the chromatography process by guiding students to develop conditions to purify their own unique compound. The products are amenable to a wide variety of characterization techniques, including UV-visible absorbance spectroscopy and 2D NMR spectroscopy. These experiments are highly flexible and have been implemented in a second-year course as an activity taking a single lab period and in an upper-division course as an activity taking three full lab periods.
Room-Temperature Solution Fluorescence Excitation Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Yoneda Yusuke , Kuramochi Hikaru
Published: June 2024

Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy is a powerful tool to investigate the physical properties of individual molecules. Yet, elucidating the fast fluctuation dynamics of freely diffusing single molecules in solution at room temperature, where a variety of chemical and biological processes occur, remains challenging. In this study, we report on fluorescence excitation correlation spectroscopy (FECS) of room-temperature solutions, which enables the study of spontaneous fluctuation of the excitation spectrum with microsecond time resolution. By employing Fourier transform spectroscopy with broadband femtosecond pulses and time-correlated single-photon counting, we achieved fluorescence excitation spectroscopy of a room-temperature solution at the single-molecule level. Building upon this single-molecule measurement, we obtained an excitation wavelength-resolved fluorescence autocorrelation function in the microsecond to millisecond range, demonstrating the potential of this method to elucidate fast, spontaneous, time-dependent changes of excitation spectra in statistically equilibrium systems. With further development, this method will allow the study of spectral exchange associated with transitions between sub-ensembles of solution-phase molecules with unprecedented time resolution.
A computational study of possible mechanisms of singlet oxygen generation in miniSOG photoactive protein
Authors: Giudetti Goran , Blinova Anastasia R. , Grigorenko Bella L. , Krylov Anna I.
Published: June 2024

We report high-level electronic structure calculations of electronic states in the miniSOG (for mini Singlet Oxygen Generator) photoactive protein designed to produce singlet oxygen upon light exposure. We consider a model system with a riboflavin (RF) chromophore. To better understand the photosensitization process, we compute relevant electronic states of the combined oxygen-chromophore system and their couplings. The calculations suggest that singlet oxygen can be produced both by inter-system crossing, via a triplet state of the RF(T1)×O2(3Σ− g ) character as well as by triplet excitation energy transfer via a singlet state of the same character. Importantly, the former channel produces O2(1Σ+ g ), an excited state of singlet oxygen, which is known to convert with unit efficiency into O2(1∆g) The calculations also provide evidence for the production of the triplet state of the chromophore via internal conversion facilitated by oxygen. Our results provide concrete support to previously hypothesized scenarios.
Unexpected Two-Stage Swelling of Weak Polyelectrolyte Brushes with Divalent Counterions
Authors: Beyer David , Holm Christian
Published: June 2024

We use particle-based, coarse-grained simulations to study the influence of divalent counterions on a weak polyelectrolyte brush. Our simulations show a profound influence of even small concentrations of divalent salt on the titration behavior of the brush, which is shown to be a combined effect of electrostatic interactions and the Donnan effect. Furthermore, we examine the partitioning of mono- and divalent counterions into the brush. We demonstrate the preferred uptake of divalent ions by the brush, which is further enhanced by electrostatic correlation effects. Finally, our simulations reveal a hitherto unobserved two-stage swelling of the brush as a function of the pH in the presence of divalent salt. This phenomenon arises as a consequence of charge regulation and ion partitioning.
Equilibrium Multiplicity in Aiyagari and Krusell-Smith
Authors: Walsh Kieran James , Young Eric R.
Published: June 2024

Repeatedly solving the Aiyagari (1994) model with random parameters, we construct hundreds of examples with multiple stationary equilibria. We never find multiplicity with risk aversion less than ≈ 1.49, depreciation less than ≈ 0.19, or income persistence less than ≈ 0.47, and multiplicity requires a disaster state for income. In cases with multiplicity, the lowest rental rate occurs near depreciation times the capital share. It is possible for the economy, without a change in fundamentals, to transition rationally from a higher-rate equilibrium to one with a lower rental rate, lower inequality, and lower welfare (for most agents). We also construct the first Krusell and Smith (1998) examples with multiple recursive competitive equilibria.
Foundation Protection of Buildings in Coastal Areas Using Cathodic Protection
Authors:   PG Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Sengunthar Engineering College (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, TamilNadu, INDIA, K Akash , V. Dr.Pavalan ,   Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering,Sengunthar Engineering College (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, TamilNadu, INDIA
Published: June 2024

Foundation of the building plays a major role in proving stability to the entire structure. Foundation soil in the Coastal region having lot of sea water intrusion. The salt content and several minerals present in the sea water having the tendency to erosion of materials like metals and non-metals. The pile foundation present in the coastal region will have reinforcement incorporated on it. It should be strong enough to sustain the entire building loads until its service life. This reinforcement may continuously be exposed to the sea water intrusion on the underground, and it will cause deterioration of reinforcement and it leads to durability issues. The entire structure will be unstable if the foundation is damaged, or it can’t take the building load. In several cases, entire building is collapsed due to the uneven settlement caused by the foundation failure. This can be prevented by using an Anti-corrosion method called Cathodic Protection. A demonstration is made on this idea with an electrical voltage supply by using battery.
Influence of Bacteria in Self – Healing Fly Ash Concrete
Authors:   PG Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering Sengunthar Engineering College (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, TamilNadu, INDIA, T Logeshwaran , K Mohan ,   Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Sengunthar Engineering College (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, TamilNadu, INDIA
Published: June 2024

Traditional concrete is considered brittle, rigid and susceptible to cracks. Synthetic polymers used for the repair of cracks are susceptible to ultraviolet radiations, high cost and emanate toxic gases. This project presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the influence of Bacillus Megaterium bacteria on the compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and self-healing characteristics of concrete made without and with fly ash. Cement was replaced with four percentages (10, 20, 30 and 40) with fly ash by weight. A cell concentration of 105 cells/ml of bacteria was used in making the concrete mixes. Tests were performed at the age of 28 days. Test results indicated that the inclusion of Bacillus Megaterium in fly ash concrete enhanced the compressive, split tensile and flexural strength. This improvement in strength was due to deposition on the bacteria cell surfaces within the pores. The present work highlights the influence of bacteria on the properties of concrete made with supplementary cementing material such as like fly ash. Usage of bacteria like Bacillus Megaterium improves strength and durability of fly ash concrete through self-healing effect
Study on Structural Behavior of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Authors:   PG Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering Sengunthar Engineering College (Autonomous),  Tiruchengode, TamilNadu, INDIA, R Rajkumar , M Seenirajan ,   Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Sengunthar Engineering College (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, TamilNadu, INDIA
Published: June 2024

Worldwide, a great deal of research is currently being conducted concerning the use of Fibre Reinforced Concrete, Laminates and Sheets in the strengthening and repairing of reinforced concrete members. There have also been several advances made in the development of fibre reinforced concrete to control cracking and crack propagation in plain concrete, and to increase the overall ductility of the material. Majorly, Synthetic fiber has played a dominant role for a long time in a variety of applications for their high specific strength and modulus. In this project the overall aim is to utilize and evaluate the structural performance of Natural Based Basalt Fiber in the concrete which it has as an properties which it is similar to synthetic fibers. The optimum percentage of Basalt fibre in concrete was found with respect to cube compressive strength at the age of 7 and 28 days. The cube specimen was casted for different percentages such as 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30%, 0.35%, 0.40%, 0.45% and 0.50%(by volume of fraction) by the mass of concrete. The optimum level of basalt fibre was determined. By keeping the optimum level of dosage of fiber the structural behavior of the concrete was evaluated by casting a Beam. By the Structural Behaviour Test, the Basalt Fiber Reinforced concrete shows effective properties such as it control cracking and increase the properties like Tensile strength, Energy absorption and Stiffness. So, Basalt Fibre Reinforced Concrete has the potential for large scale use in concrete construction.
Monitoring external load during real competition in male handball players through big data analytics
Authors: Manchado Carmen , Tortosa-Martinez Juan , Marcos-Jorquera Diego , Gilart-Iglesias Virgilio , Pueo Basilio , Chirosa-Rios Luis Javier
Published: June 2024

The present study aimed to analyze the external load put on elite male handball players during the 2020 European Championship differentiated by playing positions. A system based on three phases was designed: 1) information capture of game events through sensor networks, LPS system and WebScraping techniques; 2) information processing based on Big Data Analytics; 3) extraction of results based on a descriptive analytics approach. Results showed that wings (Ws) and center backs (CBs) performed more accelerations and decelerations than the players in other positions in the entire match and attack. In defense, wings showed higher values than the rest of the players, followed by line players (LPs). In regard to body contacts, the positions that received more average number during the whole match were the CBs and LPs, with the CBs presenting the highest values in offense and the LPs in defense. Finally, backs were the ones performing more total jumps per game and in offense. In defense, LPs and left backs presented the highest values. It is necessary to monitor individual high intensity events to develop individual training programmes for different playing positions. High-intensity decelerations should be specially considered since they enlarge injury risks.
European security and Finland’s policy during the Russian aggression against Ukraine
Authors: Khudoliy Anatoliy
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this article is to analyze the influence of Finland on regional policy of NATO and the Russo-Ukrainian war. The article explores political, economic and military aspects of Finland and Ukraine in the light of the Russian aggression while considering their relationships and foreign policy goals on a regional level. The author draws attention to various aspects of Helsinki domestic and foreign policy that is directed to set a balance in the region and, at the same time, to support Kyiv militarily and economically in confrontation with Moscow. Finland’s active policy of promoting stability can be described as a two-track policy, whereby EU membership and intensified military cooperation with Western partners provide a basis for the maintenance and development of relations with Russia. The author focused on energy resources and its importance for Finland that has a long history of energy trade with Russia. The trade is practically one-directional, as Finland lacks domestic fossil fuel reserves in comparison with its substantial demand for energy, whereas Russia has significant export volumes. Along with the above-mentioned issues, the author is observing aggressive Russian military activities in the Baltic Sea region. Despite peaceful relationships with Finland, Moscow does not mind to remind neighboring countries who calls the tune in the region. Pursuing this purpose, Russia increases military activity in the Baltic Sea region with relatively frequent airspace and territorial water violations. As a result, there is a risk that collisions or provocations might lead to a rapid and uncontrolled escalation. So, Finland finds its important to keep open channels for political dialogue and to seek ways to re-activate existing confidence-building measures. Finland-NATO relationships are taken into consideration as well. The author described the process of Finland’s accession to the alliance. After almost 30 years of close partnership with NATO, Finland joined the Alliance on April 4, 2023. Its partnership with NATO was historically based on its policy of military non-alignment, which changed following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Following Russia’s aggression, Ukraine has requested materiel assistance from the EU and NATO member countries. To date, Finland has donated 23 defence materiel packages to Ukraine. The combined value of all defence materiel packages submitted so far is now over EUR 2 billion.
Ukraine – ASEAN: new opportunities for strengthening partnership
Authors: Krupenya Iryna , Sokyrska Vladylena
Published: June 2024

The article provides a comprehensive scientific analysis of the current state of relations between Ukraine and ASEAN. The article considers promising areas of cooperation between them in the areas of food, agriculture, digitalisation, trade, energy, disaster management, demining, and socio-cultural cooperation. The author outlines Ukraine’s advantages in the field of agriculture and its ability to make a significant contribution to the sustainable supply of products to the ASEAN markets, given the production potential that far exceeds the needs of the domestic market. The article considers Ukraine’s readiness to share its experience in the field of digitalisation, given the existence of successful projects, such as the Diia mobile application developed by the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine in 2019; the ‘Trembita’ system for electronic interaction of state electronic information resources; and experience in disaster prevention. And to learn from the experience of ASEAN member states in demining agricultural land in de-occupied communities, given their unique experience in demining in Cambodia, where years of war left a significant number of mines. It is proposed to develop and strengthen partnerships between the parties in the socio-cultural sphere to promote contemporary Ukrainian cinema, music, theatre, performance, literature, classical and contemporary fine arts. A separate area of this sphere is the promotion of the Ukrainian language among ASEAN countries, as well as the promotion of Ukrainian cultural heritage and projects in the field of culture and art of indigenous peoples and national minorities, including the promotion of Crimean Tatar culture in ASEAN countries.
ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ БЮДЖЕТІВ МАРКЕТИНГУ НА РИНКУ В2С E-COMMERCE
Authors: Назарук Андрій
Published: June 2024

Introduction. In the conditions of the rapid development of e-commerce in the B2C market, it is important to ensure the effective use of marketing budgets to achieve competitive advantages. Evaluating the effectiveness of marketing spend allows businesses to optimize resources, increase return on investment, and reach a larger target audience. This requires the formation of methodological approaches for evaluating and improving the effectiveness of marketing budgets in this area.
The purpose of the article.  The purpose of the study is to study approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of marketing budgets in the B2C e-commerce market in order to determine the principles of increasing the effectiveness of their use.
Methods. The research methodology includes a comprehensive approach combining quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis. In particular, for the in-depth study of specific examples of successful marketing strategies, such methods as economic modeling, the method of analysis and synthesis, and comparison were used.
Results. The article examines approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of marketing costs in the B2C e-commerce sector, focusing on different channels, strategies and the corresponding profitability of marketing costs. The current market trends of the functioning of e-commerce platforms were analyzed and the main factors affecting the effectiveness of the use of marketing budgets of business entities were identified. The trends of the global growth of digital commerce volumes in the context of B2C sales and its functional specificity are clarified. It was determined that personalization, segmentation of customers and integration of multi-channel strategies significantly increase the efficiency of using marketing budgets. The principles of optimization of marketing costs based on the implementation of automated systems for data analysis and forecasting of consumer behavior were studied. The influence of the latest technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, on the effectiveness of using marketing budgets is considered.
Conclusions. It has been proven that a reliable assessment of the effectiveness of marketing budgets in the B2C market determines a number of key aspects that ensure the maximum return on marketing investments of a business entity. At the same time, the concept of effectiveness of marketing budgets consists in a targeted approach implemented on the basis of personalization, segmentation and multi-channel integration.
РОЛЬ РИЗИК-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ У ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ ФІНАНСОВОЇ СТІЙКОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ПРИ ФОРС-МАЖОРНИХ ОБСТАВИНАХ В ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНІЙ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ
Authors: Бондарук Владислав
Published: June 2024

The article examines the influence of the modern globalized economic environment on the activities of enterprises operating in the field of foreign economic activity and facing a large number of risks in the course of their operation, in particular due to the influence of force majeure circumstances. The importance of risk management for ensuring the financial stability of enterprises in the conditions of increasing risks and threats to economic activity is determined. The impact of risk management on the financial stability of enterprises in foreign economic activity, especially in cases of force majeure, is studied. It has been proven that risk management in the context of foreign trade involves the identification, assessment, management and monitoring of risks that may arise. It has been determined that effective risk management allows business entities to properly adapt to changes in the economic environment and reduces the likelihood of financial losses in the event of force majeure events, such as the cessation of trade, sudden changes in exchange rates, or military or political crises. Strategies for including risk management in the management processes of enterprises based on analytical assessments and practical experience of ensuring financial stability are considered. Methods of risk identification, development of risk minimization strategies and mechanisms of risk control during foreign economic operations were studied. The objective necessity of forming an effective risk management system in the management mechanism of economic entities to ensure the financial stability of enterprises in foreign economic activity, especially in connection with force majeure circumstances, has been proven. The issue of implementing risk management at the level of strategic and operational management of enterprises is considered. Methods of risk forecasting, analysis of their impact on financial indicators and development of effective action plans to reduce possible negative consequences of exposure to risks and threats were analyzed. The necessity of introducing international risk management standards into the activities of Ukrainian enterprises, which contribute to increasing their level of competitiveness and compliance with international requirements, has been proven. The need for constant improvement of the risk management system and the introduction of corrections in enterprise management strategies, taking into account changes in the external environment, was identified. It is proposed to introduce approaches to the management of enterprises focused on effective management of financial risks in force majeure situations in order to ensure their financial sustainability and stability.
РОЗВИТОК МІЖНАРОДНИХ ТОРГІВЕЛЬНИХ ВІДНОСИН В КОНТЕКСТІ МІЖНАРОДНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ
Authors: Данилюк Тетяна
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Integration into the global economy and active participation in international trade contribute to economic development, job creation, and improved living standards. The application of international management in this context helps companies to effectively manage their international operations, adapt to different cultural and regulatory environments, and ensure sustainable development in the global economy.
The purpose of the article. International trade is an important element of the global economic system that affects the development and welfare of countries. The main purpose of this article is to study the essence of international trade and its role in the system of international management. Formulation of the goal allowed us to identify a number of tasks to clarify the essence of international trade and the main factors of its development, to analyze the trends in Ukraine's trade with the European Union and the rest of the world.
Metods. The study of international trade development in the context of international management requires the use of empirical research methods and analysis of statistical data that allow for a comprehensive analysis of market dynamics, the commodity structure of international trade, and the impact of global processes.
Results. The article proves that international trade is a central link in the complex system of the global economy and plays a key role in the interaction between countries and regions of the world, influencing their economies, politics and society. It is also determined that international trade provides countries with access to a variety of goods and services that they do not produce or cannot produce on their own. The paper substantiates the importance of import and export growth in developed countries and identifies the interrelationships between different regions of the world. An important aspect of Ukraine's international trade based on Ukraine's relations with the European Union is also highlighted. The steps that Ukraine is taking to maintain such relations are also outlined. Based on the analysis, it is proved that Ukraine's exports are growing, especially in the context of trade with the EU, but there are certain dynamics and peculiarities in interaction with other regions of the world.
Conclusiоns. The development of Ukraine's export potential and integration into the global economy are possible only if the structure of international trade is radically improved. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to use various forms of international economic cooperation.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПРОЦЕСОМ ФОРМУВАННЯ СПРИЯТЛИВОГО СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО КЛІМАТУ В КОЛЕКТИВІ СУЧАСНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА
Authors: Ющишина Лариса , Шматковська Тетяна , Юхимчук Анастасія
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The practice of modern enterprises shows that a favorable social and psychological climate in the team increases the efficiency of the enterprise, contributes to reducing staff turnover and improving the general atmosphere at the workplace. At the same time, knowledge of the features of the effective formation of the appropriate social and psychological climate allows managers to create conditions for the professional and personal development of personnel, which results in an increase in the effectiveness of the enterprise.
The purpose of the article. The purpose of the article is to study the specifics of managing the formation of the appropriate social and psychological climate in the workforce of modern enterprises for the development of recommendations for an effective personnel management strategy.
Methods. The research methodology is based on the analysis of scientific literature and empirical studies in the field of human resource management, organizational psychology and sociology. Such methods of scientific knowledge as the method of analysis and synthesis, comparison, and abstraction were also used. Such a comprehensive approach made it possible to understand not only the theoretical aspects of climate management in the team, but also the practical methods of its implementation in a real business environment.
Results. The article considers the key aspects of managing the formation of a favorable social and psychological climate in the collective of a modern enterprise. The key factors affecting the formation of a positive working environment are considered. Various aspects of the impact of organizational culture on the formation of a favorable working environment have been studied. The importance of effective communication between management and staff, as well as between employees, is highlighted in order to create trusting relationships and promote collective success. Different leadership styles and their impact on staff morale and motivation are analyzed. The importance of effective conflict resolution at the workplace and the development of joint problem-solving strategies has been proven. The peculiarities of the application of these approaches in ensuring sustainable growth and competitiveness of enterprises in the modern business environment are studied.
Conclusions. Based on the analysis of key aspects of organizational culture, communication practices, leadership and conflict management, practical approaches to the formation of a favorable social and psychological climate in the company's team have been determined. Specific practical methods are proposed for increasing employee satisfaction, reducing staff turnover and increasing labor productivity, which contributes to the sustainable development of the enterprise in the conditions of modern business.
First record of Choragus sheppardi Kirby, 1818 (Coleoptera, Anthribidae) in Volyn Region
Authors: Nazarenko Vitaly , Sukhomlin Kateryna , Zinchenko Oleksandr , Trush Tatiana
Published: June 2024

Choragus cheppardi inhabits western Palearctic. In Ukraine, this species was found only in the southern and eastern parts (Crimea in 1980 and 2003, Kharkiv region in 1998, Donetsk, Lugansk regions in 2000). Lives in nemoral and mixed forests on deciduous trees (Fagus sylvatica, Hedera helix, Malus domestica, Crataegus monogyna, Ulmus glabra, Sorbus aucuparia, Quercus spp., Alnus glutinosa, Salix spp.). Larvae start their development in summer in the pycnidia of the Diatrype stigma (crust fungi, Diatrypaceae). Adults occur in IV–VIII (IX by our original data). Emerged adults overwintering and start new generation in spring, mostly in April.
The collection of material was carried out by counting animals on six test plots from 05.07.2022 to 09.25.2022. Three Barber traps were placed in each trial area. The traps were located at a distance of 50 m from each other.
New find of Ch. cheppardi was registered in the Kivertsi National Park "Tsumanska Pushcha". 1 male was collected in a birch forest mixed with alder.
Current find of this species confirm previously published data on its occurrence in the in nemoral and mixed forests. It can be expected that Ch. cheppardi can be found in other places of Ukraine.
Вміст пластидних пігментів у дерев сосни звичайної уражених сосновим вертуном в умовах Західного Полісся
Authors: Рибак Юлія , Шепелюк Марія
Published: June 2024

The biosynthesis of plastid pigments in Pinus sylvestrys L.was investigated in pine trees affected by Melampsora pinitorqua in the conditions of the Western Polissya. The total content of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the needles of trees with a mild and moderate degree of damage by Melampsora pinitorqua is 13,3…30,0% lower than in the control. Trees severely affected by Melampsora pinitorqua synthesize 21.8...38.4% less green and yellow pigments. A decrease in the content of green pigments in experimental pine trees is caused by chlorophyll a. Іt influences on absorption direct sunlight for the process of photosynthesis. The ratio of chlorophylls a/b is close to the control in experimental trees with a mild and moderate degree of disease damage and decreases by 23.3...32.9% in trees with a severe degree of disease damage. Іn all affected trees, the ratio between the amount of green and yellow pigments is close to the control.
Attenuation of the seismic dispersion associated to foothills topography: application to real data
Authors: Montes Luis , Quintana Robinson , Céspedes Sandra , Espíndola Nancy , Salinas Trino , Pérez Gabriel
Published: June 2024

Land seismic data is contaminated commonly with coherent and high amplitude back-scattered noise generated from roughness in the surface topography; these events make generally the key information on deeper layers unclear. In Colombian foothill areas with rough topography and high lateral velocity variation, this noise has been difficult to attenuate. Conventional methods aimed at this purpose usually yield unsatisfactory results. We present a strategy based in prediction and subtraction of the unwanted waves. Assuming knowledge of the source wavelet and the shallow velocity model we use a finite-element solution of the acoustic wave equation to model the back-scattered noise; this modeled response is then subtracted from the prestack data, resulting in a noticeable attenuation of noise in field seismograms.   The method was applied to prestack real data from colombian foothills in order to observe the enhancement in seismic records, planning in a close future to show results on stacked data.
Adjusting experimental set-up improves relative permeability reliability
Authors: Amaya Carlos Humberto
Published: June 2024

An improved experimental set-up for relative permeability measurement and interpretation methodology has been developed. The improvement was aimed at two objectives: to modify the equipment in order to obtain more reliable experimental data and to interpret them appropriately. Special emphasis was laid upon pressure drop oscillations and uncertainties in water saturation measurements. Relative permeabilities are inferred by interpreting production data using the JBN method and verifying them by simulation.
Genetic algorithms for the optimization of pipeline systems for liquid transportation (1)
Authors: Galeano Haiver , César Narváez Paulo
Published: June 2024

This is the first of two articles in which a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is presented to obtain an optimal design of a pipeline system for liquid transportation, from an economical and operational point of view. This GA is based on criteria such as compliance with the laws of matter and energy conservation; flow requirements in consumption points where pressure is known; restrictions to the pressure value in system points where pressure is unknown, and to the velocity, which must be lower than the erosion limit velocity. This article combines traditional techniques for the design of GA in this type of problems with some ideas that had never been applied before in this field. The proposed GA allows sizing of the liquid distribution systems, including pipelines, consumption and supply nodes, tanks, pumping equipment, nozzles, control valves, and accessories. This article includes different formulations found in literature on network design through optimization techniques and carries out the mathematical formulation of the optimization issue. In the second article the characteristics of the designed Genetic Algorithm (GA) are specified and further applied to the issues presented by Alperovits and Shamir (1977), and Fujiwara and Khang (1990), addressing the water distribution network at Hanoi, in Vietnam . Finally, the GA is applied to a fire protection network, allowing for the testing of some of the model’s characteristics which are not reported in the pertinent literature, such as the possibility to include pumping equipment, aspersion nozzles, and accessories.
Behavior of thermal spray coatings against hydrogen attack
Authors: Latorre Guillermo , Vargas Fabio , Uribe Iván
Published: June 2024

The behavior of nickel and chrome alloys applied as thermal spray coatings to be used as protection against embrittlement by hydrogen is studied. Coatings were applied on a carbon steel substrate, under conditions that allow obtain different crystalline structures and porosity levels, in order to determine the effect of these variables on the hydrogen permeation kinetics and as a protection means against embrittlement caused this element. In order to establish behaviors as barriers and protection, hydrogen permeation and corrosion tests under stress were carried out, supported by measurements of the potential’s drop in the substrate-coating system under simultaneous conditions of stress and a corrosive agent with H2S in solution. Findings show that alloy coatings with face centered cubic structure possess greater hydrogen solubility than coatings with body centered cubic structures and than carbon steel used as substrate. Additionally, porosity inherent to the formation of this type of coating reduces hydrogen diffusion through its structure. The analysis of these results allows selecting the coating with better performance as a protection means against embrittlement by hydrogen.
Biodegradation of phenolics in oil industry wastewater
Authors: GROSSO V. J. L. , DIAZ M. M. P. , LEON G.
Published: June 2024

Practical methods to isolate, adapt and propagate phenol biodegradatíng microorganisms were established. Fifteen different microorganism groups were obtained, capable of eliminating phenol contained in production water, sour water and waste water from Barracaberme¡a' s refinery, and dehydration water from heavy oíl-in-water emulsions. Elimination efficiencies higher than 95% in periods of time shorter than 24 h were achieved at laborotory and pilot plant scales. A continuous system using this technology was successfully implemented in April, 1994 for the treatment of waste water frorn Colombia's biggest refinery. Existing estabilizing pools were converted into bioreactors capable of handling water flow rates between  16.000 and 32.000 m3d·1.  Efficiencies  close to  95%  have been obtained  under controlled acidity, aeration and flow rate conditions. This technology is being implemented in other Ecopetrol refíneríes and production fields.
Aljinat bazlı hidrojelle enkapsüle edilmiş nar ekşisi antosiyaninlerinin fizikokimyasal özellikleri
Authors: Aykın Dinçer Elif , Dinçer Cüneyt , Topuz Osman
Published: June 2024

Bu çalışmada %2, 8, 16 ve 32 (w/v) olmak üzere dört farklı oranda nar ekşisi eklenmiş aljinat kaplama materyali kullanılarak jelleşme yöntemi ile mikrokapsüller üretilmiştir. Üretilen mikrokapsüllerde kuru madde içeriği, su aktivitesi (aw) ve L*, a*, b* renk değerleri, kapsül çapı, yığın yoğunluğu, antosiyanin içeriği ve FTIR taraması gibi bazı fizikokimyasal özellikleri karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Mikrokapsüllerin üretiminde eklenen nar ekşisi oranı arttıkça kuru madde (%9.71 - 22.31), kapsül çapı (1.72 - 2.81 mm), a*(-0.44 - 6.99), b*(-1.34 - 6.09) renk değerleri ve antosiyanin içeriğinin (0.042 - 0.981 mg/kg) arttığı su aktivitesi (0.97 - 0.99), yığın yoğunluğu (0.47 - 0.54 g mL-1) ve L* (31.64 - 42.60 ) renk değerinin ise azaldığı belirlenmiştir. %32 oranında nar ekşisi eklenen örneklerde arzu edilen renk yoğunluğu ve antosiyanin içeriği daha yüksek bulunmasına rağmen, kapsül şeklinin bozulduğu gözlenmiştir.
Donmuş muhafaza edilen pişmiş sığır köftelerinde doğal antioksidan olarak kızılcık (Cornus mas) ekstraktının kullanımı
Authors: Elgin Şeyma , Özünlü Orhan , Ergezer Haluk
Published: June 2024

Bu çalışmada, 200, 300 ve 500 ppm konsantrasyonlarında hazırlanan kızılcık ekstraktları sığır köftelerine katkılanmış ve depolama boyunca (-18ºC, 6 ay) köftelerin fizikokimyasal özelliklerinde (pH, renk, toplam fenolik madde miktarı, antiradikal aktivite değeri, TBARS değeri ve karbonil içeriği) meydana gelen değişiklikler araştırılmıştır. Kızılcık ekstraktının köftelerdeki pH değerini önemli oranda (P<0,05) etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Depolama boyunca köftelerin parlaklık (L*) ve kırmızılık (a*) değerlerinde düşüş yaşanırken sarılık (b*) değerlerinde ise önemli artışlar görülmüştür (P<0,05). Depolama boyunca tüm örneklerin toplam fenolik madde miktarında önemli düşüşler gözlenirken (P<0,05) oransal olarak en büyük düşüş (%50.11) K0 numaralı örnekte gerçekleşmiş ve bunu sırasıyla K200 (%26.20), K300 (%20.27) ve K500 (%10.96) numaralı örnekler takip etmiştir. Her bir analiz gününde gruplar arasında önemli farklılıkların olduğu (P<0,05) ve en büyük %ARA değerine K500 numaralı örneğin sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Artan konsantrasyonlardaki kızılcık ekstraktının köftelerdeki lipid ve protein oksidasyonunu önemli ölçüde engellediği gözlenmiştir.
Farklı dönem ve dozlarda naftalin asetik asit (NAA) uygulamalarının pamuğun (Gossypium hirsutum L.) verim ve bazı tarımsal özelliklerine etkisi
Authors: Haliloğlu Hasan , Çoklu Orhan
Published: June 2024

Bu çalışma farklı dönem ve dozlarda naftalin asetik asit (NAA) uygulamalarının pamuğun (Gossypium hirsutum L.) verim ve bazı tarımsal özelliklerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Deneme Şanlıurfa ili Harran Ovası koşullarında 2017 ve 2018 yılları yetiştirme sezonlarında tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde üç tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. NAA uygulamaları kontrol, taraklanma başlangıcı + çiçeklenme başlangıcı (T.B.+Ç.B.) dönemlerinde (15+15 g da-1, 30+30 g da-1, 45+45 g da-1), taraklanma başlangıcı + çiçeklenme doruğu (T.B.+Ç.D.) dönemlerinde (15+15 g da-1, 30+30 g da-1, 45+45 g da-1) ve çiçeklenme başlangıcı + çiçeklenme doruğu (Ç.B.+Ç.D.) dönemlerinde (15+15 g da-1, 30+30 g da-1, 45+45 g da-1) olacak şekilde uygulamalar yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, en yüksek kütlü pamuk verimi, meyve dalı sayısı, koza sayısı, koza kütlü pamuk ağırlığı Ç.B.30+Ç.D.30 uygulamasından, en yüksek erkencilik oranı Ç.B.45+Ç.D.45 uygulamasından ve en yüksek bitki boyu Ç.B.15+Ç.D.15 uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Farklı dönemlerde bölünmüş dozlar şeklinde NAA uygulamalarının 100 tohum ağırlığı ve odun dalı sayısına herhangi bir etkisi olmamıştır. Çırçır randımanı ve lif indeksi özelliklerinde NAA uygulamalarının etkisinin olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmada; kütlü pamuk verimleri 435.43 kg da-1 ile 762.01 kg da-1 arasında değişmiştir. Harran Ovası koşullarında kütlü pamuk için Ç.B.30+Ç.D.30 uygulaması tercih edilmelidir.
Salicylic acid improves cold and freezing tolerance in pea
Authors: Çelikkol Akçay Ufuk , Kumbul Hande Nur , Erkan İbrahim Ertan
Published: June 2024

The most significant crop losses worldwide occur due to unfavorable temperatures such as heat, drought, cold, and freezing. Bioregulator substances like salicylic acid can play important roles in the growth, development, and stress responses of plants. In this study, changes in stem/root length and relative water content of peas under cold and freezing stress, as well as antioxidant system indicators such as proline, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, chlorophyll and ion leakage levels were investigated. The expressions of genes coding for the TOP2 and PDH47 enzymes, which play important roles in the replication, transcription, and repair of DNA molecules, were also examined in root and stem tissues in the presence of two different concentrations of salicylic acid under cold and freezing stress. The results have shown that the application of salicylic acid, when added to the growth medium, can have positive effects on the cold resistance of pea plants. Salicylic acid likely achieves some of its effects by increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase, one of the most important enzymes taking a role in combating reactive oxygen species. The data obtained indicate that salicylic acid also increased the expressions of TOP2 and PDH47 genes, which can both change the topology of DNA, possibly facilitating the transcription of genes taking a role in antioxidative defense. Salicylic acid also reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide and maintained cell membrane integrity, which leads to a decrease in ion leakage and an increase in water-holding capacity. With this study, the mechanisms of action of salicylic acid in cold stress tolerance have been further elucidated, and its potential use in agricultural cultivation has been evaluated.
Comparación de la Resistencia al Corte por Adherencia de Losas Compuestas en Función de los Parámetros M y K, Obtenidos Experimentalmente Versus Ecuaciones Existentes
Authors: Maigua Maigua Sayri Benjamín , Gómez Soto Christian Michael , Jara Almeida Diego Xavier , Guaminga Pillajo Edwin Eduardo
Published: June 2024

Para el correcto desempeño de las losas compuestas, la interacción entre el hormigón y la placa de acero es crucial. La resistencia de adherencia al corte permite comprender el comportamiento y la capacidad del sistema frente a un modo de falla por deslizamiento longitudinal. No obstante, a nivel nacional, la evaluación del desempeño y la capacidad de adherencia de estas losas frente a fuerzas cortantes es escasa. En este contexto, se presenta un estudio experimental en losas compuestas con chapa metálica de 1 mm de espesor, cuyo objetivo es evaluar su comportamiento físico-mecánico. Mediante un análisis de regresión lineal aplicado a los datos obtenidos en ensayos de laboratorio, se determinan los parámetros "m" y "k". Para el desarrollo de los ensayos, se elaboraron ocho probetas, siguiendo estrictamente los lineamientos establecidos en las normativas internacionales. Estas probetas se dividieron en cuatro conjuntos, cada uno conformado por dos muestras, manteniendo una configuración similar y utilizando el espesor de la capa de hormigón como variable experimental. Los resultados obtenidos en los ensayos permiten determinar la capacidad de corte de las losas y compararla con los valores proporcionados por los fabricantes. Estos resultados buscan ser relevantes para ingenieros y fabricantes ante la escasez de información y estudios sobre el tema.
Análisis de Curvas PV y QV en Flujos de Potencia para Estabilidad en SEP Mediante la Integración de Energía Eólica
Authors: Freire Freire Armando Salvador , Arias Atiaja Fernando Rafael
Published: June 2024

El presente documento muestra un caso de estudio de flujo de potencia denominado “Sistema de pruebas de 12 barras para estudios de integración de la energía eólica” del cual se procede a replicar mediante el software Power Factory Digsilent, de manera de contar con el flujo de potencia lo más cercano al caso de estudio, al concluir el estudio de flujo de potencia se procede a realizar estudios de curvas PV (Potencia-Voltaje) y PQ (Potencia activa – Potencia Reactiva) para analizar la estabilidad del sistema eléctrico del SEP. En el estudio PV se permite evaluar la relación entre potencia activa y el voltaje del sistema eléctrico de potencia y en el estudio PQ se evalúa la relación entre potencia activa y reactiva en el sistema. Los estudios realizados permiten identificar cuáles son las barras del sistema más fuertes y débiles ante contingencias n-1, permitiendo establecer límites de operación seguros que puede operar el sistema eléctrico de potencia cumpliendo los valores de potencia activa y reactiva sin afectar la estabilidad de voltaje en la red, como resultado se presenta el peor de los escenarios del sistema de estudio y que recomendaciones se puede implementar para contrarrestar el problema.
Implicações da forma de gestão dos serviços de saneamento para as desigualdades no acesso à água no Sistema Imunana-Laranjal no Leste Fluminense, RJ
Authors: Dias Eloyse Nascimento , Pacheco Ana Júlia Oliveira da Silva , Quintslr Suyá
Published: June 2024

A ampliação do acesso ao saneamento básico está entre os principais desafios a serem enfrentados pelas cidades brasileiras. A efetividade da Lei 11.445/2007 se promove pela garantia do seu aspecto fun
Public hygiene and the awareness of beauty parlor: A study of consumer perspective
Authors: Thapa Pramila , Adamopoulos Ioannis Pantelis , Sharma Prakash , Lordkipanidze Revaz
Published: June 2024

Background: The beauty-care industry flourishes globally, including in Kathmandu, Nepal. Despite limited research on personal hygiene, beauty parlors lack comprehensive studies. This study aims to assess beauty parlor public hygiene (BPH) awareness among university students.

Methods: The researchers employed a quantitative cross-sectional approach and purposive sampling to gather data from consumers. Consumers were surveyed using self-designed tools, and the researchers assessed the tools’ reliability, validity, and pilot-tested them. The reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) of the tools was measured at 0.793. Prior to conducting the final study, the researchers obtained ethical approval. In this study, the researchers utilized descriptive analysis, t-tests, and Chi-square tests to analyze the data.

Results: In this study, descriptive analysis showed that 53.0% of consumers scored 50.0% or lower in awareness of BPH. A one-sample t-test revealed a significant result (p=0.049) for BPH, with a mean difference of 0.753 (95% confidence interval: 0.0032 to 1.5033). Regarding sociodemographic variables, the mean age of consumers was 26.89 years. 52.1% of consumers visited beauty parlors more than once a month, and 43.8% spent between 501 and 1,000 rupees per month. The main services consumers sought were hair styling/cutting and facial/skin care in this study.

Conclusions: Researchers suggested that below 50.0% of consumers scored low levels of awareness regarding BPH. Therefore, targeted interventions, more in-depth research studies, interdisciplinary collaboration, and standardized protocols for regulating and monitoring beauty parlor services are recommended. Regular laboratory examinations to identify different types of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses are also suggested to prevent various types of communicable and pandemic diseases.