bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The segregation of generations: ancestral groups in Sydney, 2011
Authors: Johnston Ron , Forrest James , Manley David , Jones Kelvyn
Published: May 2017

Most models of immigrant minority enclave formation in cities represent their situation as relatively transient elements in urban residential mosaics. As minority group members become both economically integrated and socially–culturally assimilated into the host society, so they move away from the enclaves where they initially concentrated. Such shifts are especially likely in the second and later generations of group members, who are more likely to overcome the disadvantages experienced by many of the original settlers with regard to human capital. This paper evaluates that model using data on the residential distributions of three generations of those claiming one of 19 different ancestral groups in Sydney in 2011, at four nested spatial scales, deploying a recently developed inferential method for evaluating the intensity of residential segregation. The findings are not consistent with the model: in general, members of the second and third generations in any ancestral group are as segregated as the first generation (that is, those born outside Australia) at both regional and neighbourhood scales.
A randomized clinical trial comparing two two‐phase treatment strategies for in‐patients with severe depression
Authors: Vermeiden M. , Kamperman A. M. , Hoogendijk W. J. G. , van den Broek W. W. , Birkenhäger T. K.
Published: May 2017

Objective

To compare the efficacy of two antidepressant treatment strategies in severely depressed in‐patients, that is, imipramine vs. venlafaxine, both with subsequent lithium addition in non‐responders.

Method

In‐patients (n = 88) with major depressive disorder were randomized to 7‐week treatment with imipramine or venlafaxine (phase I). All non‐responders (n = 44) received 4‐week plasma level‐targeted dose lithium addition (phase II). Efficacy was evaluated after 11 weeks of treatment.

Results

Analyzing phases I and II combined, non‐inferiority was established and the difference in the proportion of responders (HAM‐D score reduction ≥50%) by the end of phase II demonstrated the venlafaxine‐lithium treatment strategy to be significantly superior to the imipramine‐lithium treatment strategy (77% vs. 52%) (χ2(1) = 6.03; P = 0.01). Regarding remission (HAM‐D score ≤ 7), 15 of 44 (34%) patients in the imipramine‐lithium treatment group were remitters compared to 22 of 44 (50%) patients in the venlafaxine‐lithium treatment group, a non‐significant difference. Patients in the venlafaxine‐lithium treatment group had a non‐significant larger mean HAM‐D score reduction compared with patients in the imipramine‐lithium treatment group (16.1 vs. 13.5 points, respectively; Cohen's d = 0.30).

Conclusion

The venlafaxine‐lithium treatment strategy can be considered a valuable alternative for the imipramine‐lithium treatment strategy in the treatment of severely depressed in‐patients.
Risk factors for locoregional relapse after radical nephrectomy
Authors: Jhavar Sameer , Swanson Gregory , Pruszynski Jessica
Published: May 2017

Aim

To identify risk factors for locoregional relapse after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 259 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for sporadic clinically localized unilateral renal cell carcinoma between 1998 and 2012. Relapse patterns (locoregional and/or distant) were identified. Relapse‐free survival was calculated using Kaplan–Meier method. Factors associated with decreased relapse‐free survival were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis. Locoregional relapse estimates were calculated for individual factors and combination of factors.

Results

At a median follow‐up of 68 months (interquartile range: 75 months), 24% patients relapsed. Of these, 54% had locoregional relapse. High‐grade, positive margin, large tumor size and stage III/IV were associated with worse relapse‐free survival on multivariate analysis. Locoregional relapse occurred among patients with tumor size >7–</ = 10 cm (22%), >10 cm (35%), stage III/IV (31%), grade III/IV (26%), renal vein invasion (22%), perinephric fat invasion (30%), </ = 7 cm plus grade III/IV (15%), >7 cm plus grade I/II (21%), >7 cm plus grade III/IV (48%), stage III/IV plus grade I/II (24%) and stage III/IV plus grade III/IV (45%).

Conclusion

We were able to discern risk factors (individual or in combination) associated with increased risk of locoregional relapse after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. This could help distinguish patients who may benefit from adjuvant locoregionally directed therapy.
Regional circuits of international medical travel: Prescriptions of trust, cultural affinity and history
Authors: Whittaker Andrea , Chee Heng Leng , Por Heong Hong
Published: May 2017

Intra‐regional medical travel by patients from Indonesia to Penang in Malaysia is embedded in and facilitated by regional circuits. Although such movement is fuelled by dissatisfaction with the health‐care services offered in Indonesia, we argue that these contemporary movements for health care are also a continuation of existing exchanges for trade, education and cultural ties that have long existed. In the first part of the paper, we consider the historical interconnections between the locations of Medan and Aceh in Indonesia and Penang in Malaysia. Based upon fieldwork and interviews with 70 intra‐regional patients travelling to Penang for treatment, we describe how these interconnections are now manifested in travel for medical care. We argue that the temporary exit from the Indonesian health system to pursue care in hospitals in Penang by some Chinese Indonesians and Acehnese follows patterns and logics based on social histories of discrimination and conflict as well as geographical convenience. This highlights the need to contextualise such travel not just as geographic movements across space but also through the depth of time and local histories.
Viewing Fantastical Events Versus Touching Fantastical Events: Short‐Term Effects on Children's Inhibitory Control
Authors: Li Hui , Subrahmanyam Kaveri , Bai Xuejun , Xie Xiaochun , Liu Tao
Published: May 2017

Three pretest–posttest experiments were conducted to compare the effects of viewing versus interacting with either fantastical or real events on 4‐ and 6‐year‐old children's inhibitory control. Experiment 1 (N = 72) suggested that although viewing fantastical events had a negative effect on inhibitory control, interacting with them produced no such disruption. Experiment 2 (N = 17) also found that children's inhibitory control decreased after viewing fantastical events but not after interacting with them. In addition, functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data showed that viewing fantastical events resulted in greater activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Experiment 3 (N = 72) showed that children's inhibitory control increased after viewing and interacting with real events. The implications for studying the effects of mobile devices are discussed.
A Six‐Year Longitudinal Study of Texting Trajectories During Adolescence
Authors: Coyne Sarah M. , Padilla‐Walker Laura M. , Holmgren Hailey G.
Published: May 2017

This study examined growth trajectories of texting (and other media) over a 6‐year time period. Participants were 425 adolescents from Washington, USA (age 13 at Time 1, age 18 at Time 6; 48% male, 68% European American). Analyses suggested a curvilinear pattern for texting and social media use, with rates peaking during midadolescence. There was also considerable heterogeneity in trajectories of texting. A growth mixture model revealed four distinct classes of individuals: perpetuals (14%), decreasers (7%), moderates (68%), and increasers (11%). Higher levels of depression, being a male, and coming from a single‐parent family predicted being a “perpetual” texter. Perpetuals had the most problematic outcomes compared to other classes, including higher depression, anxiety, aggression, and poor relationships with fathers.
Developing Digital Privacy: Children's Moral Judgments Concerning Mobile GPS Devices
Authors: Gelman Susan A. , Martinez Megan , Davidson Natalie S. , Noles Nicholaus S.
Published: May 2017

New technology poses new moral problems for children to consider. We examined whether children deem object tracking with a mobile GPS device to be a property right. In three experiments, 329 children (4–10 years) and adults were asked whether it is acceptable to track the location of either one's own or another person's possessions using a mobile GPS device. Young children, like adults, viewed object tracking as relatively more acceptable for owners than nonowners. However, whereas adults expressed negative evaluations of someone tracking another person's possessions, young children expressed positive evaluations of this behavior. These divergent moral judgments of digital tracking at different ages have profound implications for how concepts of digital privacy develop and for the digital security of children.
854. FRITILLARIA ARIANA
Authors: Rix Martyn , Strange Kit
Published: May 2017

Fritillaria ariana (Loz.‐Lozinsk. & Vved.) Rix, is illustrated. The history of its discovery and its cultivation are discussed, and a painting and photograph of the habitat are provided.
855. IRIS STOLONIFERA
Authors: Rix Martyn , Strange Kit
Published: May 2017

Iris stolonifera Maxim., from central Asia is illustrated. Its history is examined and current cultivars are listed. Suggestions for its cultivation are given.
858. PAEONIA PARNASSICA
Authors: Tzanoudakis Dimitris , Rix Martyn
Published: May 2017

Paeonia parnassica is illustrated, its habitat is shown and suggestions for its successful cultivation are given.
Transitioning from child and adolescent mental health services with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in Ireland: Case note review
Authors: Tatlow‐Golden Mimi , Gavin Blanaid , McNamara Niamh , Singh Swaran , Ford Tamsin , Paul Moli , Cullen Walter , McNicholas Fiona
Published: May 2017

In a context of international concern about early adult mental health service provision, this study identifies characteristics and service outcomes of young people with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) reaching the child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS) transition boundary (TB) in Ireland. The iTRACK study invited all 60 CAMHS teams in Ireland to participate; 8 teams retrospectively identified clinical case files for 62 eligible young people reaching the CAMHS TB in all 4 Health Service Executive Regions. A secondary case note analysis identified characteristics, co‐morbidities, referral and service outcomes for iTRACK cases with ADHD (n = 20). Two‐thirds of young people with ADHD were on psychotropic medication and half had mental health co‐morbidities, yet none was directly transferred to public adult mental health services (AMHS) at the TB. Nearly half were retained in CAMHS, for an average of over a year; most either disengaged from services (40%) and/or actively refused transfer to AMHS (35%) at or after the TB. There was a perception by CAMHS clinicians that adult services did not accept ADHD cases or lacked relevant service/expertise. Despite high rates of medication use and co‐morbid mental health difficulties, there appears to be a complete absence of referral to publicly available AMHS for ADHD youth transitioning from CAMHS in Ireland. More understanding of obstacles and optimum service configuration is essential to ensure that care is both available and accessible to young people with ADHD.
Spread of proliferative kidney disease in fish along stream networks: A spatial metacommunity framework
Authors: Carraro Luca , Mari Lorenzo , Gatto Marino , Rinaldo Andrea , Bertuzzo Enrico
Published: May 2017

Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) is a high‐mortality pathology that critically affects freshwater salmonid populations. Infection is caused by the endoparasitic myxozoan Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, which exploits freshwater bryozoans as primary hosts. Incidence and severity of PKD have recently increased, largely owing to rising water temperatures linked to climate change, causing a decline in fish catches and local extinctions in many river systems.

Here, building on a recently proposed local model of PKD transmission, a spatially explicit metacommunity framework is developed to study the spatial effects of the disease spread in idealised stream networks. At the local community scale, the model accounts for demographic and epidemiological dynamics of bryozoan and fish populations. At the network scale, the model couples the dynamics of each local community through hydrological transport of parasite spores and fish movement. The model also explicitly accounts for heterogeneity in habitat characteristics and hydrological conditions along a river network.

Network effects are investigated by running simulation experiments on synthetic river network replicas derived from Optimal Channel Networks, spanning trees known to reproduce all the mutually connected topological and metric features of real rivers.

Network connectivity can produce heterogeneous patterns of PKD prevalence even when the underlying spatial distributions of fish and bryozoans are homogeneous. Prevalence is generally higher at the downstream sites: if fish mobility is neglected, the spatial distribution of prevalence follows that of the upstream drainage area; otherwise, prevalence patterns are correlated with the proximity to the outlet. Downstream invasion speed of PKD is generally high, due to the fast dynamics of hydrological spore transport. For the tested values, effects of water temperature on prevalence heterogeneity are minor. However, climate change may increase invasion speed in both downstream and upstream directions. PKD can establish in bryozoan‐free river reaches, on the condition that the infection be sustained by upstream or downstream hot‐spots. These results further our understanding of the drivers of fish distribution in riverine ecosystems and may provide the basis for the development of intervention and management tools, especially facing climate change.
Effect of synthesis process on the densification, microstructure, and electrical properties of Ca0.9Yb0.1MnO3 ceramics
Authors: Sotelo Andres , Torres Miguel , Madre Maria , Diez Juan
Published: May 2017

Ca0.9Yb0.1MnO3 thermoelectric materials have been prepared, through a classical solid‐state sintering method, from attrition‐ and ball‐milled precursors. After calcination step, microstructural observations have shown that attrition‐milled precursors possess much smaller particle sizes than the obtained by ball milling. Smaller precursors sizes lead to higher reactivity, producing higher density, hardness, and thermoelectric phase content in the sintered materials. The thermoelectric properties reflect the microstructural features, decreasing electrical resistivity in the attrition milling prepared samples without a drastic decrease in the Seebeck coefficient. As a consequence, power factor values are higher than the obtained in the classical solid‐state method samples. Moreover, the highest power factor values at 800°C are much higher than the best results obtained in this CaMnO3 family. As a result, it has been found that it is possible to tailor the thermoelectric properties of Ca0.9Yb0.1MnO3 ceramics by designing the appropriate preparation procedure while keeping in mind its industrial scalability.
A unique defect – persistent posterior cloaca: An example of staged genito‐urinary and digestive tract reconstruction with an alternative vaginal creation using the urinary bladder wall
Authors: Komasara Leszek , Bryks‐Laszkowska Anna , Sroka Mariusz , Gołębiewski Andrzej , Czauderna Piotr
Published: May 2017

We present a case of a girl with an extremely rare, posterior type of persistent cloaca, which was associated with other abnormalities, including an undeveloped vulva and vagina, agenesis of the right kidney, secondary obstructive megaureter, unicornate uterus, persisted tailgut, sacral bone hypoplasia, and pubic symphysis hypertrophy. An operative approach was as follows: (i) colostomy and ureterocutaneostomy; (ii) creation of an ileal conduit with antirefluxing uretero‐ileal anastomosis, and then creation of a continent catheterizable ileal reservoir; (iii) anastomosis of sigmoid colon to rectal stump; and (iv) vaginal and external genital reconstruction. Because of abnormal anatomical conditions where the uterus was situated adjacent to the open, incompetent bladder neck, we decided to create a vagina using the bladder wall instead of the bowel segment.
Workforce Composition and Innovation: How Diversity in Employees’ Ethnic and Educational Backgrounds Facilitates Firm‐Level Innovativeness
Authors: Mohammadi Ali , Broström Anders , Franzoni Chiara
Published: May 2017

This article studies how workforce composition is related to a firm's success in introducing radical innovations. Previous studies have argued that teams composed of individuals with diverse backgrounds are able to perform more information processing and make deeper use of the information, which is important to accomplish complex tasks. We suggest that this argument can be extended to the level of the aggregate workforce of high‐technology firms. In particular, we argue that ethnic and higher education diversity within the workforce is associated with superior performance in radical innovation. Using a sample of 3,888 Swedish firms, this article demonstrates that having greater workforce diversity in terms of both ethnic background and educational disciplinary background is positively correlated to the share of a firm's turnover generated by radical innovation. Having more external collaborations does, however, seem to reduce the importance of educational background diversity. The impact of ethnic diversity is not affected by external collaboration. These findings hold after using alternative measures of dependent and independent variables, alternative sample sizes, and alternative estimation techniques. The research findings presented in this article would seem to have immediate and important practical implications. They would suggest that companies may pursue recruitment policies inspired by greater ethnic and disciplinary diversity as a way to boost the innovativeness of the organization. From a managerial perspective, it may be concluded that workforce disciplinary diversity could be potentially replaced by more external links, while ethnic diversity could not.
An Analysis of Nearly One Billion Dollars of Aquaculture Grants Made by the US Federal Government from 1990 to 2015
Authors: Love David C. , Gorski Irena , Fry Jillian P.
Published: May 2017

The aquaculture industry relies on federal investments to stimulate aquaculture research and development (R&D). We conducted this study to track federal spending for aquaculture using a large database of 2957 US federal research grants awarded from 1990 to 2015. During that period, 1.04 billion US dollars (USD) were spent on aquaculture research, with 919 million USD from federal agencies and 123 million USD in matching funds. By comparison, over the same time frame, the US Department of Agriculture's R&D spending was 41 billion USD. Federal grant funding for aquaculture had a 37‐fold return on investment since 2000. Microalgae, oysters, salmon and trout, catfish, and shrimp received the most grant support, and the most common topics/disciplines were aquaculture production sciences, aquatic animal health and disease, genetics and breeding, and nutrition. Our findings can be used to identify research gaps and inform federal policy, grant making, and budget allocation.
First Record of Captive Larval Culture and Metamorphosis of the Pacific Blue Tang, Paracanthurus hepatus
Authors: DiMaggio Matthew A. , Cassiano Eric J. , Barden Kevin P. , Ramee Shane W. , Ohs Cortney L. , Watson Craig A.
Published: May 2017

The Pacific blue tang, Paracanthurus hepatus, is consistently among the top 20 marine ornamental species imported into the USA, with all specimens presently sourced from wild stocks. Captive culture of this species through metamorphosis has not been previously documented and fundamental information regarding reproduction, larval culture, and production techniques is scarce. This study aimed to elucidate methods that would advance our understanding and success with captive propagation of this species. A total of 50,000 eggs were collected from a single broodstock population and stocked in a 1000‐L tank. Beginning at 3 d posthatch (DPH), larvae were fed three times daily a diet comprised exclusively of copepod nauplii. At 12 DPH, enriched rotifers were first fed followed by powdered feed (20 DPH) and first instar Artemia (21 DPH). Large mortality events were observed at 7 and 20 DPH, corresponding with starvation and flexion, respectively. By 41 DPH, the majority of the remaining larvae began associating with the bottom of the culture tank. On Day 50, the first signs of blue pigmentation marked the beginning of metamorphosis. A total of 27 juvenile blue tangs were cultured during this trial. This effort represents the first successful culture of this species in captivity.
Differential responses of soil bacteria, fungi, archaea and protists to plant species richness and plant functional group identity
Authors: Dassen Sigrid , Cortois Roeland , Martens Henk , de Hollander Mattias , Kowalchuk George A. , van der Putten Wim H. , De Deyn Gerlinde B.
Published: May 2017

Plants are known to influence belowground microbial community structure along their roots, but the impacts of plant species richness and plant functional group (FG) identity on microbial communities in the bulk soil are still not well understood. Here, we used 454‐pyrosequencing to analyse the soil microbial community composition in a long‐term biodiversity experiment at Jena, Germany. We examined responses of bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protists to plant species richness (communities varying from 1 to 60 sown species) and plant FG identity (grasses, legumes, small herbs, tall herbs) in bulk soil. We hypothesized that plant species richness and FG identity would alter microbial community composition and have a positive impact on microbial species richness. Plant species richness had a marginal positive effect on the richness of fungi, but we observed no such effect on bacteria, archaea and protists. Plant species richness also did not have a large impact on microbial community composition. Rather, abiotic soil properties partially explained the community composition of bacteria, fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), archaea and protists. Plant FG richness did not impact microbial community composition; however, plant FG identity was more effective. Bacterial richness was highest in legume plots and lowest in small herb plots, and AMF and archaeal community composition in legume plant communities was distinct from that in communities composed of other plant FGs. We conclude that soil microbial community composition in bulk soil is influenced more by changes in plant FG composition and abiotic soil properties, than by changes in plant species richness per se.
Effectiveness of school‐based humanistic counselling for psychological distress in young people: Pilot randomized controlled trial with follow‐up in an ethnically diverse sample
Authors: Pearce Peter , Sewell Ros , Cooper Mick , Osman Sarah , Fugard Andrew J. B. , Pybis Joanne
Published: May 2017

Objectives

The aim of this study was to pilot a test of the effectiveness of school‐based humanistic counselling (SBHC) in an ethnically diverse group of young people (aged 11–18 years old), with follow‐up assessments at 6 and 9 months.

Design

Pilot randomized controlled trial, using linear‐mixed effect modelling and intention‐to‐treat analysis to compare changes in levels of psychological distress for participants in SBHC against usual care (UC). Trial registration: ISRCTN44253140.

Methods

In total, 64 young people were randomized to either SBHC or UC. Participants were aged between 11 and 18 (M = 14.2, SD = 1.8), with 78.1% of a non‐white ethnicity. The primary outcome was psychological distress at 6 weeks (mid‐therapy), 12 weeks (end of therapy), 6‐month follow‐up and 9‐month follow‐up. Secondary measures included emotional symptoms, self‐esteem and attainment of personal goals.

Results

Recruitment and retention rates for the study were acceptable. Participants in the SBHC condition, as compared with participants in the UC condition, showed greater reductions in psychological distress and emotional symptoms, and greater improvements in self‐esteem, over time. However, at follow‐up, only emotional symptoms showed significant differences across groups.

Conclusions

The study adds to the pool of evidence suggesting that SBHC can be tested and that it brings about short‐term reductions in psychological and emotional distress in young people, across ethnicities. However, there is no evidence of longer‐term effects.

Practitioner points

School‐based humanistic counselling can be an effective means of reducing the psychological distress experienced by young people with emotional symptoms in the short term.

The short‐term effectiveness of school‐based humanistic counselling is not limited to young people of a White ethnicity.

There is no evidence that school‐based humanistic counselling has effects beyond the end of therapy.
Low-lying zeros of quadratic Dirichlet -functions: lower order terms for extended support
Authors: Fiorilli Daniel , Parks James , Södergren Anders
Published: May 2017

We study the $1$-level density of low-lying zeros of Dirichlet $L$-functions attached to real primitive characters of conductor at most $X$. Under the generalized Riemann hypothesis, we give an asymptotic expansion of this quantity in descending powers of $\log X$, which is valid when the support of the Fourier transform of the corresponding even test function $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ is contained in $(-2,2)$. We uncover a phase transition when the supremum $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$ of the support of $\widehat{\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}}$ reaches $1$, both in the main term and in the lower order terms. A new lower order term appearing at $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}=1$ involves the quantity $\widehat{\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}}(1)$, and is analogous to a lower order term which was isolated by Rudnick in the function field case.
Afferent thermosensory function in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis following exercise‐induced increases in body temperature
Authors: Filingeri Davide , Chaseling Georgia , Hoang Phu , Barnett Michael , Davis Scott L. , Jay Ollie
Published: May 2017

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Between 60 and 80% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients experience transient worsening of symptoms with increased body temperature (heat sensitivity). As sensory abnormalities are common in MS, we asked whether afferent thermosensory function is altered in MS following exercise‐induced increases in body temperature.

What is the main finding and its importance?

Increases in body temperature of as little as ∼0.4°C were sufficient to decrease cold, but not warm, skin thermosensitivity (∼10%) in MS, across a wider temperature range than in age‐matched healthy individuals. These findings provide new evidence on the impact of heat sensitivity on afferent function in MS, which could be useful for clinical evaluation of this neurological disease.

In multiple sclerosis (MS), increases in body temperature result in transient worsening of clinical symptoms (heat sensitivity or Uhthoff's phenomenon). Although the impact of heat sensitivity on efferent physiological function has been investigated, the effects of heat stress on afferent sensory function in MS are unknown. Hence, we quantified afferent thermosensory function in MS following exercise‐induced increases in body temperature with a new quantitative sensory test. Eight relapsing–remitting MS patients (three men and five women; 51.4 ± 9.1 years of age; Expanded Disability Status Scale score 2.8 ± 1.1) and eight age‐matched control (CTR) subjects (five men and three women; 47.4 ± 9.1 years of age) rated the perceived magnitude of two cold (26 and 22°C) and two warm stimuli (34 and 38°C) applied to the dorsum of the hand before and after 30 min cycling in the heat (30°C air; 30% relative humidity). Exercise produced similar increases in mean body temperature in MS [+0.39°C (95% CI: +0.21, +0.53) P = 0.001] and CTR subjects [+0.41°C (95% CI: +0.25, +0.58) P = 0.001]. These changes were sufficient to decrease thermosensitivity significantly to all cold [26°C stimulus, −9.1% (95% CI: −17.0, −1.5), P = 0.006; 22°C stimulus, −10.6% (95% CI: −17.3, −3.7), P = 0.027], but not warm, stimuli in MS. Contrariwise, CTR subjects showed sensitivity reductions to colder stimuli only [22°C stimulus, −9.7% (95% CI: −16.4, −3.1), P = 0.011]. The observation that reductions in thermal sensitivity in MS were confined to the myelinated cold‐sensitive pathway and extended across a wider (including milder and colder) temperature range than what is observed in CTR subjects provides new evidence on the impact of rising body temperature on afferent neural function in MS. Also, our findings support the use of our new approach to investigate afferent sensory function in MS during heat stress.
The Glutton
In the Golden Apple Hotel

The Violet-Blue House

The Colossus

Authors: -- --
Published: May 2017

Alois Vogel, The Blue House
The relation between psychoacoustical factors and annoyance under different noise reduction conditions for railway noise
Authors: Kasess Christian H. , Maly Thomas , Majdak Piotr , Waubke Holger
Published: May 2017

The A-weighted sound pressure level (SPL) is commonly used to assess the effect of noise reduction measures on noise-induced annoyance. While for road traffic noise loudness seems to be a better descriptor of annoyance, for railway noise a systematic investigation seems to be lacking. Thus, in this study, the relation between annoyance and perceptually motivated descriptors was investigated for various conditions of binaural recordings of pass-bys of cargo and passenger trains. The conditions included free field and spectral mitigations caused by a 4 m high noise barrier, a 1 m high noise barrier close to the track, and rail dampers. Forty listeners performed a free magnitude estimation of annoyance for different presentation levels and the ratings were fit to various models. Further, level changes required to evoke a noticeable change in annoyance (annoyance thresholds) were acquired. The models based on the A-weighted SPL explained the ratings and thresholds better when the reduction measure was explicitly provided as a parameter. However, the optimal models were loudness-level-based models, which were able to better describe the annoyance, even independently of the reduction measure. Both experiments underline the effectiveness of loudness when describing the annoyance in the area of railway noise reduction.
Comparison of Prophylactic Ankle Cloth Wrapping and Taping on Vertical Jump Height in Division I Football Players
Authors: Henderson John , Lyons Brian C. , Tucker W. Steven , Davidson Ben
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cloth wrap (CW) and ankle tape (TAP) techniques on vertical jump performance in 29 Division I football players. There was a significant reduction in vertical jump performance for both the TAP (76.2 ± 1.3 cm; t28= 6.5, p < .0005) and CW (77.3 ± 1.3 cm; t28= 3.9, p = .001) conditions as compared with the control (78.4 ± 1.3 cm). The TAP group also had reduced vertical jump scores as compared with the CW group (t28= 4.9, p < .0005). Both prophylactic techniques resulted in decreased vertical jump capability with the TAP having a greater negative impact than the CW.
A Five-Year Comparison of High-Risk Behaviors in Collegiate Recreation: Overtraining and Eating Disorders—An Exploratory Study
Authors: Shepard Adrian A. , Jewell Cathy , Kage Katie , Lynch Mick
Published: May 2017

College students are at a higher risk for developing body image issues than any other age group (Attwood, 2012). However, empirical research focused on high-risk behaviors in collegiate recreation (CR) is lacking. Therefore, this study served as follow-up to the Shepard, Barnes, Click, and Peden (2011) seminal research which centered on overtraining (over exercise) and eating disorders in CR. A random sample ( N = 71) of National Intramural and Recreational Sports (NIRSA) fitness and wellness professionals from CR departments across North America participated in the 2016 study compared with 128 participants in 2011. Statistical significance testing ( p < .05) indicated that the difference in sample size between the two studies was not significant. Ninety-four percent of CR professionals agreed or strongly agreed that having NIRSA supported best practices for addressing overtraining would be helpful compared with 96% in 2011. Similarly, 92% of CR professionals agreed or strongly agreed that NIRSA supported best practices for eating disorders would be helpful compared with 96% in 2011. Additional findings are discussed. Recommendations are provided and meant to serve as a foundation for development of best practices between NIRSA and other professional organizations.
RNA-Dependent Cysteine Biosynthesis in Bacteria and Archaea
Authors: Mukai Takahito , Crnković Ana , Umehara Takuya , Ivanova Natalia N. , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Söll Dieter
Published: May 2017

The diversity of the genetic code systems used by microbes on earth is yet to be elucidated. It is known that certain methanogenic archaea employ an alternative system for cysteine (Cys) biosynthesis and encoding; tRNA
Cys
is first acylated with phosphoserine (Sep) by
O
-phosphoseryl-tRNA synthetase (SepRS) and then converted to Cys-tRNA
Cys
by Sep-tRNA:Cys-tRNA synthase (SepCysS). In this study, we searched all genomic and metagenomic protein sequence data in the Integrated Microbial Genomes (IMG) system and at the NCBI to reveal new clades of SepRS and SepCysS proteins belonging to diverse archaea in the four major groups (DPANN,
Euryarchaeota
, TACK, and Asgard) and two groups of bacteria (“
Candidatus
Parcubacteria” and
Chloroflexi
). Bacterial SepRS and SepCysS charged bacterial tRNA
Cys
species with cysteine
in vitro
. Homologs of SepCysE, a scaffold protein facilitating SepRS⋅SepCysS complex assembly in Euryarchaeota class I methanogens, are found in a few groups of TACK and Asgard archaea, whereas the C-terminally truncated homologs exist fused or genetically coupled with diverse SepCysS species. Investigation of the selenocysteine (Sec)- and pyrrolysine (Pyl)-utilizing traits in SepRS-utilizing archaea and bacteria revealed that the archaea carrying full-length SepCysE employ Sec and that SepRS is often found in Pyl-utilizing archaea and
Chloroflexi
bacteria. We discuss possible contributions of the SepRS-SepCysS system for sulfur assimilation, methanogenesis, and other metabolic processes requiring large amounts of iron-sulfur enzymes or Pyl-containing enzymes.

IMPORTANCE
Comprehensive analyses of all genomic and metagenomic protein sequence data in public databases revealed the distribution and evolution of an alternative cysteine-encoding system in diverse archaea and bacteria. The finding that the SepRS-SepCysS-SepCysE- and the selenocysteine-encoding systems are shared by the
Euryarchaeota
class I methanogens, the
Crenarchaeota
AK8/W8A-19 group, and an Asgard archaeon suggests that ancient archaea may have used both systems. In contrast, bacteria may have obtained the SepRS-SepCysS system from archaea. The SepRS-SepCysS system sometimes coexists with a pyrrolysine-encoding system in both archaea and bacteria. Our results provide additional bioinformatic evidence for the contribution of the SepRS-SepCysS system for sulfur assimilation and diverse metabolisms which require vast amounts of iron-sulfur enzymes and proteins. Among these biological activities, methanogenesis, methylamine metabolism, and organohalide respiration may have local and global effects on earth. Taken together, uncultured bacteria and archaea provide an expanded record of the evolution of the genetic code.
Outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty in congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy
Authors: AlArrayedh Hamed , Collum Louis , Murphy Conor C
Published: May 2017

Background/aim

To report the outcome of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) in Irish patients with congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED).

Methods

A retrospective case series review of patients with CHED who underwent PKP was conducted. The outcomes of PKP in 14 patients with CHED at the Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital in Dublin from 1978 to 2013 were described following case note review. The main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and graft survival.

Results

Thirty-three corneal transplants were performed, which included 32 PKPs and one Descemet’s stripping endothelial keratoplasty. Twenty-four eyes underwent primary corneal grafts and nine eyes had regrafts. The graft survival rates at final follow-up were 37.5% and 33% in the primary graft and regraft groups, respectively. Preoperative BCVA was 20/200 or worse in all patients. At the final postoperative visit, the BCVA was 20/80 or better in four eyes following primary PKP, 20/160 in one eye following regrafting and was 20/200 or worse in all other eyes. The mean time to graft failure was 16 months (range 0–37 months). The mean follow-up time was 101 months (range 12–252 months). Fifty per cent of the patients continue to attend for follow-up.

Conclusions

This study has demonstrated a poor outcome from PKP for CHED in this Irish cohort. This arises from a combination of dense amblyopia and a high risk of graft failure in the long term.
Copenhagen Airport Cohort: air pollution, manual baggage handling and health
Authors: Møller Karina Lauenborg , Brauer Charlotte , Mikkelsen Sigurd , Loft Steffen , Simonsen Erik B , Koblauch Henrik , Bern Stine Hvid , Alkjær Tine , Hertel Ole , Becker Thomas , Larsen Karin Helweg , Bonde Jens Peter , Thygesen Lau Caspar
Published: May 2017

Purpose

Copenhagen Airport Cohort 1990–2012 presents a unique data source for studies of health effects of occupational exposure to air pollution (ultrafine particles) and manual baggage handling among airport employees. We describe the extent of information in the cohort and in the follow-up based on data linkage to the comprehensive Danish nationwide health registers. In the cohort, all information is linked to the personal identification number that also is used in Denmark Statistics demographic and socioeconomic databases and in the nationwide health registers.

Participants

The cohort covers 69 175 men in unskilled positions. The exposed cohort includes men in unskilled jobs employed at Copenhagen Airport in the period 1990–2012 either as baggage handlers or in other outdoor work. The reference cohort includes men in unskilled jobs working in the greater Copenhagen area.

Findings to date

The cohort includes environmental Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements in Copenhagen Airport, information on job function/task for each calendar year of employment between 1990 and 2012, exposure to air pollution at residence, average weight of baggage lifted per day and lifestyle. By linkage to registers, we retrieved socioeconomic and demographic data and data on healthcare contacts, drug subscriptions, incident cancer and mortality.

Future plans

The size of the cohort and the completeness of the register-based follow-up allow a more accurate assessment of the possible health risks of occupational exposure to ultrafine particles and manual baggage handling at airports than in previous studies. We plan to follow the cohort for the incidence of ischaemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular disease, lung and bladder cancer, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and further for associations between heavy manual baggage handling and musculoskeletal disorders.

Trial registration

number 2012–41–0199.
Medicine authentication technology as a counterfeit medicine-detection tool: a Delphi method study to establish expert opinion on manual medicine authentication technology in secondary care
Authors: Naughton Bernard , Roberts Lindsey , Dopson Sue , Brindley David , Chapman Stephen
Published: May 2017

Objectives

This study aims to establish expert opinion and potential improvements for the Falsified Medicines Directive mandated medicines authentication technology.

Design and intervention

A two-round Delphi method study using an online questionnaire.

Setting

Large National Health Service (NHS) foundation trust teaching hospital.

Participants

Secondary care pharmacists and accredited checking technicians.

Primary outcome measures

Seven-point rating scale answers which reached a consensus of 70–80% with a standard deviation (SD) of <1.0. Likert scale questions which reached a consensus of 70–80%, a SD of <1.0 and classified as important according to study criteria.

Results

Consensus expert opinion has described database cross-checking technology as quick and user friendly and suggested the inclusion of an audio signal to further support the detection of counterfeit medicines in secondary care (70% consensus, 0.9 SD); other important consensus with a SD of <1.0 included reviewing the colour and information in warning pop up screens to ensure they were not mistaken for the ‘already dispensed here’ pop up, encouraging the dispenser/checker to act on the warnings and making it mandatory to complete an ‘action taken’ documentation process to improve the quarantine of potentially counterfeit, expired or recalled medicines.

Conclusions

This paper informs key opinion leaders and decision makers as to the positives and negatives of medicines authentication technology from an operator's perspective and suggests the adjustments which may be required to improve operator compliance and the detection of counterfeit medicines in the secondary care sector.
CRISPR/Cas9: at the cutting edge of hepatology
Authors: Pankowicz Francis P , Jarrett Kelsey E , Lagor William R , Bissig Karl-Dimiter
Published: May 2017

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 genome engineering has revolutionised biomedical science and we are standing on the cusp of medical transformation. The therapeutic potential of this technology is tremendous, however, its translation to the clinic will be challenging. In this article, we review recent progress using this genome editing technology and explore its potential uses in studying and treating diseases of the liver. We discuss the development of new research tools and animal models as well as potential clinical applications, strategies and challenges.
Ultrasound for the evaluation of stenosis after flow diversion
Authors: McDougall Cameron M , Khan Khurshid , Saqqur Maher , Jack Andrew , Rempel Jeremy , Derksen Carol , Xi Yin , Chow Michael
Published: May 2017

Background and purpose

Flow diversion is a relatively new strategy used to treat complex cerebral aneurysms. The optimal method for radiographic follow-up of patients treated with flow diverters has not been established. The rate and clinical implications of in-stent stenosis for these devices is unclear. We evaluate the use of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) for follow-up of in-stent stenosis.

Materials and methods

We analyzed 28 patients treated with the Pipeline embolization device (PED) over the course of 42 months from January 2009 to June 2012. Standard conventional cerebral angiograms were performed in all patients. TCD studies were available in 23 patients.

Results

Angiographic and TCD results were compared and found to correlate well.

Conclusions

TCD is a potentially useful adjunct for evaluating in-stent stenosis after flow diversion.
COMPRESS
Authors: Han Yunheng , Sun Weiwei , Zheng Baihua
Published: May 2017

More and more advanced technologies have become available to collect and integrate an unprecedented amount of data from multiple sources, including GPS trajectories about the traces of moving objects. Given the fact that GPS trajectories are vast in size while the information carried by the trajectories could be redundant, we focus on trajectory compression in this article. As a systematic solution, we propose a comprehensive framework, namely, COMPRESS (
Comprehensive Paralleled Road-Network-Based Trajectory Compression
), to compress GPS trajectory data in an urban road network. In the preprocessing step, COMPRESS decomposes trajectories into spatial paths and temporal sequences, with a thorough justification for trajectory decomposition. In the compression step, COMPRESS performs spatial compression on spatial paths, and temporal compression on temporal sequences in parallel. It introduces two alternative algorithms with different strengths for lossless spatial compression and designs lossy but error-bounded algorithms for temporal compression. It also presents query processing algorithms to support error-bounded location-based queries on compressed trajectories without full decompression. All algorithms under COMPRESS are efficient and have the time complexity of
O
(|
T
|), where |
T
| is the size of the input trajectory
T
. We have also conducted a comprehensive experimental study to demonstrate the effectiveness of COMPRESS, whose compression ratio is significantly better than related approaches.
Multiple Facets for Dynamic Information Flow with Exceptions
Authors: Austin Thomas H. , Schmitz Tommy , Flanagan Cormac
Published: May 2017

JavaScript is the source of many security problems, including cross-site scripting attacks and malicious advertising code. Central to these problems is the fact that code from untrusted sources runs with full privileges.
Information flow controls
help prevent violations of data confidentiality and integrity.

This article explores
faceted values
, a mechanism for providing information flow security in a dynamic manner that avoids the stuck executions of some prior approaches, such as the no-sensitive-upgrade technique. Faceted values simultaneously simulate multiple executions for different security levels to guarantee termination-insensitive noninterference. We also explore the interaction of faceted values with exceptions, declassification, and clearance.
Array Layouts for Comparison-Based Searching
Authors: Khuong Paul-Virak , Morin Pat
Published: May 2017

We attempt to determine the best order and search algorithm to store
n
comparable data items in an array,
A
, of length
n
so we can, for any query value,
x
, quickly find the smallest value in
A
that is greater than or equal to
x
. In particular, we consider the important case where there are many such queries to the same array,
A
, which resides entirely in RAM. In addition to the obvious sorted order/binary search combination we consider the Eytzinger breadth-first-search (BFS) layout normally used for heaps, an implicit B-tree layout that generalizes the Eytzinger layout, and the van Emde Boas layout commonly used in the cache-oblivious algorithms literature.

After extensive testing and tuning on a wide variety of modern hardware, we arrive at the conclusion that, for small values of
n
, sorted order, combined with a good implementation of binary search, is best. For larger values of
n
, we arrive at the surprising conclusion that the Eytzinger layout is usually the fastest. The latter conclusion is unexpected and goes counter to earlier experimental work by Brodal, Fagerberg, and Jacob (SODA 2003), who concluded that both the B-tree and van Emde Boas layouts were faster than the Eytzinger layout for large values of
n
. Our fastest C++ implementations, when compiled, use conditional moves to avoid branch mispredictions and prefetching to reduce cache latency.