bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability in ice motion at a land-terminating Greenlandic outlet glacier: the role of channelized and distributed drainage systems
Authors: COWTON TOM , NIENOW PETER , SOLE ANDREW , BARTHOLOMEW IAN , MAIR DOUGLAS
Published: April 2016

We use a combination of field observations and hydrological modelling to examine the mechanisms through which variability in meltwater input affects ice motion at a land-terminating Greenlandic outlet glacier. We find a close agreement between horizontal ice velocity, vertical ice velocity and modelled subglacial water pressure over the course of a melt season. On this basis, we argue that variation in horizontal and vertical ice velocity primarily reflects the displacement of basal ice during periods of cavity expansion and contraction, a process itself driven by fluctuations in basal water pressure originating in subglacial channels. This process is not captured by traditional sliding laws linking water pressure and basal velocity, which may hinder the simulation of realistic diurnal to seasonal variability in ice velocity in coupled models of glacial hydrology and dynamics.
EXTENSION AND RESTRICTION FOR BERGMAN SCALE OF SPACES AND ONE-DIMENSIONAL SUBVARIETIES ON CONVEX FINITE TYPE DOMAINS
Authors: JASICZAK M.
Published: April 2016

We prove that the extension problem from one-dimensional subvarieties with values in Bergman space $H^{1}(D)$ on convex finite type domains can be solved by means of appropriate measures. We obtain also almost optimal results concerning the extension problem for other Bergman spaces and one-dimensional varieties.
Reading Lewis Hine's Photography of Child Street Labour, 1906–1918
Authors: KUBIE OENONE
Published: April 2016

Lewis Hine's child-labour photographs are among the best-known social-documentary photographs ever taken, yet historians have neglected his photography of children working on the streets of America's cities. This paper explores the disputed symbolism of Hine's street-labour photographs. Far from simply depicting another appalling form of child labour, Hine's child street labourers, and the newsboys he photographed in particular, represented a range of ideas from masculinity and entrepreneurial spirit to the dangers of the new urban life and the apparent ignorance of immigrant parents. The symbolic newsboy was often far removed from the reality of child street labour, but he became an important figure in discourse surrounding the nature of childhood and the organization of public space in the United States of the early twentieth century. In exploring these subjects, this article takes on a neglected part of American history, yet an important one. Studying child street labourers reveals much about children, their choices, and the urban environment in the United States during the Progressive Era.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND COMMUNITY LEADERS’ PERSPECTIVES ON CHILD HEALTH AND MORTALITY AND INEQUITY ISSUES IN RURAL EASTERN INDONESIA
Authors: Pardosi Jerico Franciscus , Parr Nick , Muhidin Salut
Published: April 2016

Since 2001 a decentralization policy has increased the responsibility placed on local government for improving child health in Indonesia. This paper explores local government and community leaders’ perspectives on child health in a rural district in Indonesia, using a qualitative approach. Focus group discussions were held in May 2013. The issues probed relate to health personnel skills and motivation, service availability, the influence of traditional beliefs, and health care and gender inequity. The participants identify weak leadership, inefficient health management and inadequate child health budgets as important issues. The lack of health staff in rural areas is seen as the reason for promoting the use of traditional birth attendants. Midwifery graduates and village midwives are perceived as lacking motivation to work in rural areas. Some local traditions are seen as detrimental to child health. Husbands provide little support to their wives. These results highlight the need for a harmonization and alignment of the efforts of local government agencies and local community leaders to address child health care and gender inequity issues.
The formation and remarkable persistence of the Oecusse-Ambeno enclave, Timor
Authors: Yoder Laura S. Meitzner
Published: April 2016

The Oecusse-Ambeno enclave of Timor has persisted as a geographically distinct zone under Portuguese governance for over three centuries, enduring repeated efforts to undo its enclave status. This article analyses the confluence of economic, religious, and political elements that brought and kept Oecusse within Portuguese rule on Timor. Strong local authorities controlled trade linkages, maintained political and military ties with colonial rule, and wove Catholicism into existing customary practices and hierarchies, forging a strong regional identity that fostered sustained alliance with the Portuguese. Finally, the article discusses the impacts of Oecusse's enclave status over the past century.
Eggs: good or bad?
Authors: Griffin Bruce A.
Published: April 2016

Eggs have one of the lowest energy to nutrient density ratios of any food, and contain a quality of protein that is superior to beef steak and similar to dairy. From a nutritional perspective, this must qualify eggs as ‘good’. The greater burden of proof has been to establish that eggs are not ‘bad’, by increasing awareness of the difference between dietary and blood cholesterol, and accumulating sufficient evidence to exonerate eggs from their associations with CVD and diabetes. After 60 years of research, a general consensus has now been reached that dietary cholesterol, chiefly from eggs, exerts a relatively small effect on serum LDL-cholesterol and CVD risk, in comparison with other diet and lifestyle factors. While dietary guidelines have been revised worldwide to reflect this view, associations between egg intake and the incidence of diabetes, and increased CVD risk in diabetes, prevail. These associations may be explained, in part, by residual confounding produced by other dietary components. The strength of evidence that links egg intake to increased CVD risk in diabetes is also complicated by variation in the response of serum LDL-cholesterol to eggs and dietary cholesterol in types 1 and 2 diabetes. On balance, the answer to the question as to whether eggs are ‘bad’, is probably ‘no’, but we do need to gain a better understanding of the effects of dietary cholesterol and its association with CVD risk in diabetes.
THE LIBERTARIAN NONAGGRESSION PRINCIPLE
Authors: Zwolinski Matt
Published: April 2016

Libertarianism is a controversial political theory. But it is often presented as a resting upon a simple, indeed commonsense, moral principle. The libertarian “Nonaggression Principle” (NAP) prohibits aggression against the persons or property of others, and it is on this basis that the libertarian opposition to redistributive taxation, legal paternalism, and perhaps even the state itself is thought to rest. This essay critically examines the NAP and the extent to which it can provide support for libertarian political theory. It identifies two problems with existing libertarian appeals to the NAP. First, insofar as libertarians employ a moralized understanding of aggression, their principle is really about the protection of property rights rather than the prohibition of aggression. Second, the absolutist prohibition on aggression, which libertarians typically endorse and which is necessary to generate strongly libertarian conclusions, is grossly implausible. The essay concludes by setting forth a version of the NAP that does not suffer from these problems. It argues that this more moderate and defensible version of the NAP still has important libertarian implications, but that a full defense of libertarianism cannot rely upon appeals to nonaggression alone.
MMP-3-1612 polymorphism - a risk factor for deep venous thrombosis formation
Authors: Yu La-Mei , Li Nai-Xuan , Sheng Yu-Guo
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Background: We investigated the association of the 5A/6A polymorphism in the promoter region at -1612 of the matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene (MMP-3-1612) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Patients, materials and methods: The distribution of the MMP-3 (-1612 5A/6A) polymorphism in the case and control groups was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Serum MMP-3 level of two groups was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HepG2 cells containing MMP-3-1612 recombinant plasmid were cultured in vitro and the MMP-3 level was defined by luminescence intensity of luciferase. A DVT rat model was built. Serum MMP-3 level in the rats’ wounded vein at different time points was detected by ELISA and recorded for investigation of the association between MMP-3 and DVT. Statistical data analysis was conducted with SPSS18.0. Results: On the basis of the observation of MMP-3-1612 genotype frequency and allele frequency in the case and control groups, we identified significantly higher MMP-3-1612 5A allele frequency and higher serum MMP-3 level in the case group than in the control group (both P < 0.05). According to in vitro luciferase measurements, the 5A allele had higher transcriptional activity than the 6A allele. As observed in the rat model, serum MMP-3 level increased with time passing and thrombosis formation after modelling. Conclusions: The MMP-3-1612 5A/6A polymorphism may effect serum MMP-3 level and over-expression of serum MMP-3 level may be a risk factor for DVT formation.
Ein Praxisversuch zur Prävention von riskantem Alkoholkonsum bei Jugendlichen
Authors: Fenzl Thomas , Lemke Stella , Mayring Philipp , Drobesch-Binter Barbara , Moschitz Cornelia
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung. Ziel: Im vorliegenden Paper werden Jugendliche, die wegen riskantem Alkoholkonsum im Krankenhaus behandelt und dort zur Teilnahme an einer psychosozialen Kurzintervention motiviert wurden, nach soziodemographischen Daten und Alkoholkonsum beschrieben sowie mit der Intervention erzielte Ergebnisse dargestellt. Methode: In einer explorativ-deskriptiven Prä-Post-Interventionsstudie wurden von 01. 01. 2010 bis 30. 06. 2012 insgesamt 175 Jugendliche in Kärnten erfasst. Für die Inanspruchnahmepopulation (n = 44) und Jugendliche ohne Teilnahmeeinwilligung wurden soziodemographische Merkmale, Daten zu Anlassfall und zur Akzeptanz der Intervention sowie zu erzielten Lern-Effekten analysiert. Ergebnisse: 131 der 175 Jugendlichen (75 %) lehnten die Teilnahme an der Intervention ab. Besondere psychosoziale Belastungsfaktoren weisen 12 der 44 Jugendlichen auf, die mit der Intervention begonnen haben. 21 KlientInnen haben die Intervention positiv abgeschlossen. Davon haben 15 seit dem Vorfall keinen Alkohol mehr konsumiert und 19 planen einen verantwortungsbewussteren Umgang mit Alkohol. Bis jetzt liegen keine Ergebnisse einer Kontrollgruppe vor. Schlussfolgerungen: Im Einklang mit bisherigen Forschungsergebnissen gehören die KlientInnen mehrheitlich zur Gruppe unerfahrener, das Risiko von Alkohol unterschätzender „Seltentrinker“. Die auch in anderen Studien beobachtete hohe Ablehnungsquote weist auf kaum vorhandenen Leidensdruck bei riskant Alkohol konsumierenden Jugendlichen hin.
Lernen mit digitalen Videos
Authors: Merkt Martin , Schwan Stephan
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung. Durch die zunehmende Verbreitung dynamischer, audiovisueller Medien in digitalen Lernangeboten gewinnt die Erforschung lernförderlicher Einsatzbedingungen von Videos zunehmend an Gewicht. Ausgehend von potentiellen Schwächen des Mediums Video werden aufbauend auf kognitiven Modellen zum kompetenten Umgang mit Informationen verschiedene lernförderliche Prozesse identifiziert, die durch den Einsatz entsprechender interaktiver Funktionen unterstützt werden können. Daran anschließend werden verschiedene Bedingungen identifiziert, unter denen interaktive Funktionen zur Kontrolle der Darbietungsgeschwindigkeit (z. B. Stopp-Funktion) sowie Funktionen zur Kontrolle der Darbietungsreihenfolge und Inhaltsauswahl (Inhaltsverzeichnis, Register) einen positiven Effekt auf den Wissenserwerb mit Videos haben können.
MicroRNA-682-mediated downregulation of PTEN in intestinal epithelial cells ameliorates intestinal ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Liu Z , Jiang J , Yang Q , Xiong Y , Zou D , Yang C , Xu J , Zhan H
Published: April 2016

Intestinal ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury causes inflammation and tissue damage and contributes to high morbidity and mortality, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive and effective therapies are still lacking. We report here a critical role of the microRNA 682 (miR-682) as a key regulator and therapeutic target in intestinal I/R injury. MiR-682 was markedly induced in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) during intestinal ischemia in mice and in the human colonic epithelial cells during hypoxia, but was undetected rapidly after intestinal reperfusion in IEC of mice. MiR-682 induction during hypoxia was modulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). On lentivirus-mediated miR-682 overexpression in vivo during intestinal reperfusion or miR-682 mimic transfection in vitro during hypoxia, miR-682 decreased the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and subsequently activated nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65. Consequently, NF-κB activation by miR-682-mediated PTEN downregulation prevented reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction, inflammatory reaction, mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and IEC apoptosis. The effect of miR-682-mediated PTEN/NF-κB pathway on IECs resulted in protection against intestinal I/R injury in mice. However, NF-κB chemical inhibitor reversed miR-682-mediated decreased PTEN expression, ROS induction, inflammation and IEC apoptosis. Collectively, these results identify a novel miR-682/PTEN/NF-κBp65 signaling pathway in IEC injury induced by I/R that could be targeted for therapy.
Light-dependent microbial metabolisms drive carbon fluxes on glacier surfaces
Authors: Franzetti Andrea , Tagliaferri Ilario , Gandolfi Isabella , Bestetti Giuseppina , Minora Umberto , Mayer Christoph , Azzoni Roberto S , Diolaiuti Guglielmina , Smiraglia Claudio , Ambrosini Roberto
Published: April 2016

Biological processes on glacier surfaces affect glacier reflectance, influence surface energy budget and glacier response to climate warming, and determine glacier carbon exchange with the atmosphere. Currently, carbon balance of supraglacial environment is assessed as the balance between the activity of oxygenic phototrophs and the respiration rate of heterotrophic organisms. Here we present a metagenomic analysis of tiny wind-blown supraglacial sediment (cryoconite) from Baltoro (Pakistani Karakoram) and Forni (Italian Alps) glaciers, providing evidence for the occurrence in these environments of different and previously neglected metabolic pathways. Indeed, we observed high abundance of heterotrophic anoxygenic phototrophs, suggesting that light might directly supplement the energy demand of some bacterial strains allowing them to use as carbon source organic molecules, which otherwise would be respired. Furthermore, data suggest that CO2 could be produced also by microbiologically mediated oxidation of CO, which may be produced by photodegradation of organic matter.
Aligning molecular studies of mycorrhizal fungal diversity with ecologically important levels of diversity in ecosystems
Authors: Sanders Ian R , Rodriguez Alia
Published: April 2016

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) occur in the roots of most plants and are an ecologically important component of the soil microbiome. Richness of AMF taxa is a strong driver of plant diversity and productivity, thus providing a rationale for characterizing AMF diversity in natural ecosystems. Consequently, a large number of molecular studies on AMF community composition are currently underway. Most published studies, at best, only address species or genera-level resolution. However, several experimental studies indicate that variation in plant performance is large among plants colonised by different individuals of one AMF species. Thus, there is a potential disparity between how molecular community ecologists are currently describing AMF diversity and the level of AMF diversity that may actually be ecologically relevant. We propose a strategy to find many polymorphic loci that can define within-species genetic variability within AMF, or at any level of resolution desired within the Glomermycota. We propose that allele diversity at the intraspecific level could then be measured for target AMF groups, or at other levels of resolution, in environmental DNA samples. Combining the use of such markers with experimental studies on AMF diversity would help to elucidate the most important level(s) of AMF diversity in plant communities. Our goal is to encourage ecologists who are trying to explain how mycorrhizal fungal communities are structured to take an approach that could also yield meaningful information that is relevant to the diversity, functioning and productivity of ecosystems.
Asparagine promotes cancer cell proliferation through use as an amino acid exchange factor
Authors: Krall Abigail S. , Xu Shili , Graeber Thomas G. , Braas Daniel , Christofk Heather R.
Published: April 2016

Cellular amino acid uptake is critical for mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activation and cell proliferation. However, the regulation of amino acid uptake is not well-understood. Here we describe a role for asparagine as an amino acid exchange factor: intracellular asparagine exchanges with extracellular amino acids. Through asparagine synthetase knockdown and altering of media asparagine concentrations, we show that intracellular asparagine levels regulate uptake of amino acids, especially serine, arginine and histidine. Through its exchange factor role, asparagine regulates mTORC1 activity and protein synthesis. In addition, we show that asparagine regulation of serine uptake influences serine metabolism and nucleotide synthesis, suggesting that asparagine is involved in coordinating protein and nucleotide synthesis. Finally, we show that maintenance of intracellular asparagine levels is critical for cancer cell growth. Collectively, our results indicate that asparagine is an important regulator of cancer cell amino acid homeostasis, anabolic metabolism and proliferation.
Correction: Corrigendum: 8-Oxoguanine accumulation in mitochondrial DNA causes mitochondrial dysfunction and impairs neuritogenesis in cultured adult mouse cortical neurons under oxidative conditions
Authors: Leon Julio , Sakumi Kunihiko , Castillo Erika , Sheng Zijing , Oka Sugako , Nakabeppu Yusaku
Published: April 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 22086; Published online: 25 February 2016; Updated: 29 April 2016 This Article contains an error in Figure 5a. The image depicting TO-DKO cultured for 5DIV (+AO) is a duplicate of wild-type cultured for 5DIV (+AO). The correct Figure 5a appears below as Fig. 1.
Enantiomeric Lignans and Neolignans from Phyllanthus glaucus: Enantioseparation and Their Absolute Configurations
Authors: Wu Zhaodi , Lai Yongji , Zhou Lei , Wu Ye , Zhu Hucheng , Hu Zhengxi , Yang Jing , Zhang Jinwen , Wang Jianping , Luo Zengwei , Xue Yongbo , Zhang Yonghui
Published: April 2016

Eight pairs of enantiomeric neolignans, norlignans and sesquineolignans (1a/1b–8a/8b), together with five known neolignans (9a/9b and 10–12), have been isolated from 70% acetone extract of the whole plants of Phyllanthus glaucus Wall. (Euphorbiaceae). The racemic or partial racemic mixtures were successfully separated by chiral HPLC using different types of chiral columns with various mobile phases. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of 2a/2b were determined by computational analysis of their electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectrum and the absolute configurations of other isolates were ascertained by comparing their experimental ECD spectra and optical rotation values with those of structure-relevant compounds reported in literatures. Compounds 4a/4b featured unique sesquineolignan skeletons with a novel 7-4′-epoxy-8′-8′′/7′-2′′ scaffold, consisting of an aryltetrahydronaphthalene and a dihydrobenzofuran moiety. The planar structures of compounds 2, 3, 7 and 8 were documented previously; however, their absolute configurations were established for the first time in this study. The antioxidant activities of 1a/1b–8a/8b were evaluated using DPPH free radical scavenging assay and the results demonstrated that compounds 1b and 3b showed potent DPPH radical scavenging activities with IC50 values of 5.987 ± 1.212 and 9.641 ± 0.865 μg/mL, respectively.
Correction: Corrigendum: Early maternal loss affects social integration of chimpanzees throughout their lifetime
Authors: Kalcher-Sommersguter Elfriede , Preuschoft Signe , Franz-Schaider Cornelia , Hemelrijk Charlotte K. , Crailsheim Karl , Massen Jorg J. M.
Published: April 2016

Scientific Reports 5: Article number: 16439; Published online: 10 November 2015; updated: 29 April 2016 The Acknowledgements section in this Article is incomplete. “We thank the primate sanctuary in Gaenserndorf, Austria, and Burgers’ Zoo, Arnhem, and Dierenpark Amersfoort, The Netherlands, and especially all the keepers for their great enthusiasm and cooperation during the study.
Genotypic Prediction of Co-receptor Tropism of HIV-1 Subtypes A and C
Authors: Riemenschneider Mona , Cashin Kieran Y. , Budeus Bettina , Sierra Saleta , Shirvani-Dastgerdi Elham , Bayanolhagh Saeed , Kaiser Rolf , Gorry Paul R. , Heider Dominik
Published: April 2016

Antiretroviral treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) infections with CCR5-antagonists requires the co-receptor usage prediction of viral strains. Currently available tools are mostly designed based on subtype B strains and thus are in general not applicable to non-B subtypes. However, HIV-1 infections caused by subtype B only account for approximately 11% of infections worldwide. We evaluated the performance of several sequence-based algorithms for co-receptor usage prediction employed on subtype A V3 sequences including circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) and subtype C strains. We further analysed sequence profiles of gp120 regions of subtype A, B and C to explore functional relationships to entry phenotypes. Our analyses clearly demonstrate that state-of-the-art algorithms are not useful for predicting co-receptor tropism of subtype A and its CRFs. Sequence profile analysis of gp120 revealed molecular variability in subtype A viruses. Especially, the V2 loop region could be associated with co-receptor tropism, which might indicate a unique pattern that determines co-receptor tropism in subtype A strains compared to subtype B and C strains. Thus, our study demonstrates that there is a need for the development of novel algorithms facilitating tropism prediction of HIV-1 subtype A to improve effective antiretroviral treatment in patients.
Erratum: Structural revisions of small molecules reported to cross-link G-quadruplex DNA in vivo reveal a repetitive assignment error in the literature
Authors: Reyes-Gutiérrez Paul E. , Kapal Tomáš , Klepetářová Blanka , Šaman David , Pohl Radek , Zawada Zbigniew , Kužmová Erika , Hájek Miroslav , Teplý Filip
Published: April 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 23499; published online: 23 March 2016; updated: 29 April 2016. In the Supplementary Information file originally published with this Article, references 31 and 32 were incorrectly given as references 44 and 45 respectively. These errors have been corrected in the Supplementary Information that now accompanies the Article.
Coherence loss of partially mode-locked fibre laser
Authors: Gao Lei , Zhu Tao , Wabnitz Stefan , Liu Min , Huang Wei
Published: April 2016

Stochastically driven nonlinear processes limit the number of amplified modes in a natural system due to competitive mode interaction, which is accompanied by loss of coherence when increasing the complexity of the system. Specifically, we find that modulation instability, which exhibits great fluctuations when it spontaneously grows from noise in conservative systems, may possess a high degree of coherence in dissipative laser system with gain. Nonlinear mode interactions can be competitive or cooperative: adjusting the intracavity polarization state controls the process of loss of coherence. Single-shot spectra reveal that, first, the fibre laser redistributes its energy from the center wavelength mode into sidebands through parametric instabilities. Subsequently, longitudinal modes are populated via cascaded four-wave-mixing. Parametric frequency conversion populates longitudinal modes with a random distribution of position, intensity and polarization, resulting in partially (rather than highly) coherent pulses. These dynamics unveil a new route towards complex pattern formation in nonlinear laser systems and they may be also beneficial for the understanding of supercontinuum, Kerr-combs phenomena and optical rogue waves.
Multipolar interference for non-reciprocal nonlinear generation
Authors: Poutrina Ekaterina , Urbas Augustine
Published: April 2016

We show that nonlinear multipolar interference allows achieving not only unidirectional, but also non-reciprocal nonlinear generation from a nanoelement, with the direction of the produced light decoupled from the direction of at least one of the excitation beams. Alternatively, it may allow inhibiting the specified nonlinear response in a nanoelement or in its periodic arrangement by reversing the direction of one of the pumps. These general phenomena exploit the fact that, contrary to the linear response case, nonlinear magneto-electric interference stems from a combination of additive and multiplicative processes and includes an interference between various terms within the electric and magnetic partial waves themselves. We demonstrate the introduced concept numerically using an example of a plasmonic dimer geometry with realistic material parameters.
Spider behaviors include oral sexual encounters
Authors: Gregorič Matjaž , Šuen Klavdija , Cheng Ren-Chung , Kralj-Fišer Simona , Kuntner Matjaž
Published: April 2016

Several clades of spiders whose females evolved giant sizes are known for extreme sexual behaviors such as sexual cannibalism, opportunistic mating, mate-binding, genital mutilation, plugging and emasculation. However, these behaviors have only been tested in a handful of size dimorphic spiders. Here, we bring another lineage into the picture by reporting on sexual behavior of Darwin’s bark spider, Caerostris darwini. This sexually size dimorphic Madagascan species is known for extreme web gigantism and for producing the world’s toughest biomaterial. Our field and laboratory study uncovers a rich sexual repertoire that predictably involves cannibalism, genital mutilation, male preference for teneral females and emasculation. Surprisingly, C. darwini males engage in oral sexual encounters, rarely reported outside mammals. Irrespective of female’s age or mating status males salivate onto female genitalia pre-, during and post-copulation. While its adaptive significance is elusive, oral sexual contact in spiders may signal male quality or reduce sperm competition.
Matrix metalloproteinase 11 protects from diabesity and promotes metabolic switch
Authors: Dali-Youcef Nassim , Hnia Karim , Blaise Sébastien , Messaddeq Nadia , Blanc Stéphane , Postic Catherine , Valet Philippe , Tomasetto Catherine , Rio Marie-Christine
Published: April 2016

MMP11 overexpression is a bad prognostic factor in various human carcinomas. Interestingly, this proteinase is not expressed in malignant cells themselves but is secreted by adjacent non-malignant mesenchymal/stromal cells, such as cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and adipocytes (CAAs), which favors cancer cell survival and progression. As MMP11 negatively regulates adipogenesis in vitro, we hypothesized that it may play a role in whole body metabolism and energy homeostasis. We used an in vivo gain- (Mmp11-Tg mice) and loss- (Mmp11−/− mice) of-function approach to address the systemic function of MMP11. Strikingly, MMP11 overexpression protects against type 2 diabetes while Mmp11−/− mice exhibit hallmarks of metabolic syndrome. Moreover, Mmp11-Tg mice were protected from diet-induced obesity and display mitochondrial dysfunction, due to oxidative stress, and metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. This Warburg-like effect observed in adipose tissues might provide a rationale for the deleterious impact of CAA-secreted MMP11, favouring tumor progression. MMP11 overexpression also leads to increased circulating IGF1 levels and the activation of the IGF1/AKT/FOXO1 cascade, an important metabolic signalling pathway. Our data reveal a major role for MMP11 in controlling energy metabolism, and provide new clues for understanding the relationship between metabolism, cancer progression and patient outcome.
Enterovirus D68 Infections Associated with Severe Respiratory Illness in Elderly Patients and Emergence of a Novel Clade in Hong Kong
Authors: Lau Susanna K. P. , Yip Cyril C. Y. , Zhao Pyrear Su-Hui , Chow Wang-Ngai , To Kelvin K. W. , Wu Alan K. L. , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Woo Patrick C. Y.
Published: April 2016

Despite the recent emergence of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), its clinical impact on adult population is less well defined. To better define the epidemiology of EV-D68, 6,800 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from 2010–2014 were subject to EV-D68 detection by RT-PCR and sequencing of 5′UTR and partial VP1. EV-D68 was detected in 30 (0.44%) NPAs from 22 children and 8 adults/elderlies. Sixteen patients (including five elderly) (53%) had pneumonia and 13 (43%) patients were complicated by small airway disease exacerbation. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1, 2C and 3D regions showed four distinct lineages of EV-D68, clade A1, A2, B1 and B3, with adults/elderlies exclusively infected by clade A2. The potentially new clade, B3, has emerged in 2014, while strains closely related to recently emerged B1 strains in the United States were also detected as early as 2011 in Hong Kong. The four lineages possessed distinct aa sequence patterns in BC and DE loops. Amino acid residues 97 and 140, within BC and DE-surface loops of VP1 respectively, were under potential positive selection. EV-D68 infections in Hong Kong usually peak in spring/summer, though with a delayed autumn/winter peak in 2011. This report suggests that EV-D68 may cause severe respiratory illness in adults/elderlies with underlying co-morbidities.
Evaporation of droplets in a Champagne wine aerosol
Authors: Ghabache Elisabeth , Liger-Belair Gérard , Antkowiak Arnaud , Séon Thomas
Published: April 2016

In a single glass of champagne about a million bubbles nucleate on the wall and rise towards the surface. When these bubbles reach the surface and rupture, they project a multitude of tiny droplets in the form of a particular aerosol holding a concentrate of wine aromas. Based on the model experiment of a single bubble bursting in idealized champagnes, the key features of the champagne aerosol are identified. In particular, we show that film drops, critical in sea spray for example, are here nonexistent. We then demonstrate that compared to a still wine, champagne fizz drastically enhances the transfer of liquid into the atmosphere. There, conditions on bubble radius and wine viscosity that optimize aerosol evaporation are provided. These results pave the way towards the fine tuning of flavor release during sparkling wine tasting, a major issue for the sparkling wine industry.
Novel method for the high-throughput production of phosphorylation site-specific monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Kurosawa Nobuyuki , Wakata Yuka , Inobe Tomonao , Kitamura Haruki , Yoshioka Megumi , Matsuzawa Shun , Kishi Yoshihiro , Isobe Masaharu
Published: April 2016

Threonine phosphorylation accounts for 10% of all phosphorylation sites compared with 0.05% for tyrosine and 90% for serine. Although monoclonal antibody generation for phospho-serine and -tyrosine proteins is progressing, there has been limited success regarding the production of monoclonal antibodies against phospho-threonine proteins. We developed a novel strategy for generating phosphorylation site-specific monoclonal antibodies by cloning immunoglobulin genes from single plasma cells that were fixed, intracellularly stained with fluorescently labeled peptides and sorted without causing RNA degradation. Our high-throughput fluorescence activated cell sorting-based strategy, which targets abundant intracellular immunoglobulin as a tag for fluorescently labeled antigens, greatly increases the sensitivity and specificity of antigen-specific plasma cell isolation, enabling the high-efficiency production of monoclonal antibodies with desired antigen specificity. This approach yielded yet-undescribed guinea pig monoclonal antibodies against threonine 18-phosphorylated p53 and threonine 68-phosphorylated CHK2 with high affinity and specificity. Our method has the potential to allow the generation of monoclonal antibodies against a variety of phosphorylated proteins.
Correction: Corrigendum: Discovery of a Novel Seminal Fluid Microbiome and Influence of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Genetic Status
Authors: Javurek Angela B. , Spollen William G. , Mann Ali Amber M. , Johnson Sarah A. , Lubahn Dennis B. , Bivens Nathan J. , Bromert Karen H. , Ellersieck Mark R. , Givan Scott A. , Rosenfeld Cheryl S.
Published: April 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 23027; published online: 14 March 2016; updated: 29 April 2016. In this Article, Figure 4 is a duplication of Figure 6. The correct Figure 4 appears below as Figure 1.
Evolutionary constraints over microsatellite abundance in larger mammals as a potential mechanism against carcinogenic burden
Authors: Park Jung Youn , An Yong-Rock , An Chul-Min , Kang Jung-Ha , Kim Eun Mi , Kim Heebal , Cho Seoae , Kim Jaemin
Published: April 2016

Larger organisms tend to live longer, have more potentially carcinogenic cells, and undergo more cell divisions. While one might intuitively expect cancer incidence to scale with body size, this assertion does not hold over the range of different mammals. Explaining this lack of correlation, so-called ‘Peto’s paradox’ can likely increase our understanding of how cancer defense mechanisms are shaped by natural selection. Here, we study the occurrence of microsatellite in mammal genomes and observe that animals with expanded body size restrain the number of microsatellite. To take into account of higher mutation rate in the microsatellite region compared to that of genome, limiting the abundance of somatic mutations might explain how larger organisms could overcome the burden of cancer. These observations may serve as the basis to better understand how evolution has modeled protective mechanisms against cancer development.
Quantitative blood flow velocity imaging using laser speckle flowmetry
Authors: Nadort Annemarie , Kalkman Koen , van Leeuwen Ton G. , Faber Dirk J.
Published: April 2016

Laser speckle flowmetry suffers from a debated quantification of the inverse relation between decorrelation time (τc) and blood flow velocity (V), i.e. 1/τc = αV. Using a modified microcirculation imager (integrated sidestream dark field - laser speckle contrast imaging [SDF-LSCI]), we experimentally investigate on the influence of the optical properties of scatterers on α in vitro and in vivo. We found a good agreement to theoretical predictions within certain limits for scatterer size and multiple scattering. We present a practical model-based scaling factor to correct for multiple scattering in microcirculatory vessels. Our results show that SDF-LSCI offers a quantitative measure of flow velocity in addition to vessel morphology, enabling the quantification of the clinically relevant blood flow, velocity and tissue perfusion.
Mapping the small-world properties of brain networks in deception with functional near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Jiang , Lin Xiaohong , Fu Genyue , Sai Liyang , Chen Huafu , Yang Jianbo , Wang Mingwen , Liu Qi , Yang Gang , Zhang Junran , Yuan Zhen
Published: April 2016

Deception is not a rare occurrence among human behaviors; however, the present brain mapping techniques are insufficient to reveal the neural mechanism of deception under spontaneous or controlled conditions. Interestingly, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has emerged as a highly promising neuroimaging technique that enables continuous and noninvasive monitoring of changes in blood oxygenation and blood volume in the human brain. In this study, fNIRS was used in combination with complex network theory to extract the attribute features of the functional brain networks underling deception in subjects exhibiting spontaneous or controlled behaviors. Our findings revealed that the small-world networks of the subjects engaged in spontaneous behaviors exhibited greater clustering coefficients, shorter average path lengths, greater average node degrees, and stronger randomness compared with those of subjects engaged in control behaviors. Consequently, we suggest that small-world network topology is capable of distinguishing well between spontaneous and controlled deceptions.
Simultaneous characterization of protein–material and cell–protein interactions using dynamic QCM-D analysis on SAM surfaces
Authors: Kushiro Keiichiro , Lee Chih-Hao , Takai Madoka
Published: April 2016

QCM-D signal patterns can serve as rules of thumb for biomaterial development by simultaneously characterizing different protein–material and cell–protein interactions.
Theoretical insights into how the first C–C bond forms in the methanol-to-olefin process catalysed by HSAPO-34
Authors: Peng Chao , Wang Haifeng , Hu P.
Published: April 2016

A mechanism is proposed for the role of the carbenium ion in the first C–C coupling in the methanol-to-olefin process catalysed by HSAPO-34.
A new family of 1D, 2D and 3D frameworks aggregated from Ni5, Ni4 and Ni7 building units: synthesis, structure, and magnetism
Authors: Liu Ya-Hui , Lu Li-Ping , Zhu Miao-Li , Feng Si-Si , Su Feng
Published: April 2016

Three polynuclear nickel(ii) complexes with 1D, 2D and 3D structures are controlled by carboxylate bridges of biphenyl-3,4′,5-tricarboxylic acid. Magnetic studies reveal that the polymers have ferromagnetic coupling features for 1 and 2 and an alternating magnetic chain behavior for 3.
Three cation-templated Cu(i) self-assemblies: synthesis, structures, and photocatalytic properties
Authors: Xu Man-Man , Li Yao , Zheng Lin-Jie , Niu Yun-Yin , Hou Hong-Wei
Published: April 2016

Cation-templated self-assembly of three Cu(i) hybrids has been achieved. Their optical band gap and photocatalytic degradation properties were also investigated.
Dendrimer mediated clustering of bacteria: improved aggregation and evaluation of bacterial response and viability
Authors: Leire Emma , Amaral Sandra P. , Louzao Iria , Winzer Klaus , Alexander Cameron , Fernandez-Megia Eduardo , Fernandez-Trillo Francisco
Published: April 2016

The potential of GATG dendrimers to underpin the development of novel antimicrobials targeting adhesion, signaling and/or membranes has been evaluated.
Extended study of ammonia conversion to N2 using a Ru/0.2TiZrO4 catalyst via catalytic wet air oxidation
Authors: Wang Yamin , Sun Wenjing , Wei Huangzhao , Sun Chenglin
Published: April 2016

During the (NH4)2SO4 degradation, both the NO2− and NO3− generated can react with NH4+ in the solution and produce N2 as the only final product.
Two field-induced slow magnetic relaxation processes in a mononuclear Co(ii) complex with a distorted octahedral geometry
Authors: Li Jing , Han Yuan , Cao Fan , Wei Rong-Min , Zhang Yi-Quan , Song You
Published: April 2016

An easy-axis distorted octahedral mononuclear Co(ii) single-molecule magnet showing two filed-induced slow magnetic relaxation processes.
Trigonal prismatic metal complexes: a not so rare coordination geometry?
Authors: Alcock Leighton J. , Cavigliasso Germán , Willis Anthony C. , Stranger Robert , Ralph Stephen F.
Published: April 2016

The rare trigonal prismatic geometry is readily adopted in complexes of a large cavity hexaamine cage ligand.
Dopant-free polymeric hole transport materials for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Kim Guan-Woo , Kang Gyeongho , Kim Jinseck , Lee Gang-Young , Kim Hong Il , Pyeon Limok , Lee Jaechol , Park Taiho
Published: April 2016

A dopant–free polymeric hole transport material (HTM), RCP, based on benzo[1,2-b:4,5:b′]dithiophene and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole exhibited a high efficiency of 17.3% in a perovskite solar cell and maintained its initial efficiency for over 1400 hours.
Acid–base-controlled and dibenzylammonium-assisted aggregation induced emission enhancement of poly(tetraphenylethene) with an impressive blue shift
Authors: He Lipeng , Li Lijie , Liu Xiaoning , Wang Jun , Huang Huanting , Bu Weifeng
Published: April 2016

The non-covalent interaction between dibenzylammonium chloride and DB24C8 groups in poly(tetraphenylethene)-based conjugated polymers not only leads to an AIEE feature but also a significant blue shift from 515 to 483 nm.
Co2+ and Ho3+ doped CuS nanocrystals with improved photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation
Authors: Hosseinpour Zahra , Hosseinpour Sara , Maaza Malik , Scarpellini Alice
Published: April 2016

Co2+ and Ho3+ doped CuS nanostructures have been synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The nature of dopants influence the morphology, photocatalytic performance and the band gap values.
Spin-dependent Seebeck effect in zigzag black phosphorene nanoribbons
Authors: Yang Yu-Rong , Zhang Zhao-Qian , Gu Lei , Fu Hua-Hua
Published: April 2016

Zigzag black phosphorene nanoribbons are good candidates to realize spin-dependent Seebeck effect due to the particular electronic structures.
Impaction of precursor gas-induced catalyst change on morphology, growth kinetics and field emission property of carbon nanofibers
Authors: Li Meifeng , Wang Wan , Li Na , Zhou Chungen
Published: April 2016

Three types of carbon nanofiber (CNF): filamentous CNF, chain-like CNF and thick CNF were successfully synthesized from three hydrocarbon precursor gases of ethylene (C2H4), n-hexane (n-C6H14) and n-dodecane (n-C12H26) on iron catalyst at 1073 K.
Facile synthesis of highly porous N-doped CNTs/Fe3C and its electrochemical properties
Authors: Wang Yanzhong , Zhang Guoxiang , Liu Guiwu , Liu Wei , Chen Huiyu , Yang Jinlong
Published: April 2016

Porous N-doped CNTs/Fe3C was synthesized by a facile method. N-doped CNTs/Fe3C possesses the large specific surface area up to 1021.26 m2g−1. It exhibits a high specific capacitance of 181 F g−1at 0.1 A g−1and excellent capacitance rate.
A generalized Read–Shockley model and large scale simulations for the energy and structure of graphene grain boundaries
Authors: Shekhawat Ashivni , Ophus Colin , Ritchie Robert O.
Published: April 2016

The grain boundary (GB) energy is a quantity of fundamental importance for understanding several key properties of graphene.
New perspectives on the annihilation electrogenerated chemiluminescence of mixed metal complexes in solution
Authors: Kerr Emily , Doeven Egan H. , Barbante Gregory J. , Hogan Conor F. , Hayne David J. , Donnelly Paul S. , Francis Paul S.
Published: April 2016

We examine energy transfer and quenching within annihilation ECL systems comprising mixed metal-complexes in solution, and show the dependence of the emission intensities on luminophore concentration and the applied potentials.
Understanding the ammonia sensing behavior of filter coffee powder derived N-doped carbon nanoparticles using the Freundlich-like isotherm
Authors: Sadhanala H. K. , Nandan R. , Nanda K. K.
Published: April 2016

The ammonia sensing behavior of filter coffee powder derived N-doped carbon nanoparticles using the Freundlich-like isotherm.
High energy density of polymer nanocomposites at a low electric field induced by modulation of their topological-structure
Authors: Shen Yang , Shen Dashan , Zhang Xin , Jiang Jianyong , Dan Zhenkang , Song Yu , Lin Yuanhua , Li Ming , Nan Ce-Wen
Published: April 2016

High energy density at low electric field is achieved for polymer nanocomposites by modulating topological structure.
Strontium (Sr) strengthens the silicon (Si) upon osteoblast proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic factor expression
Authors: Lin Kaili , Wang Xiuhui , Zhang Na , Shen Yuhui
Published: April 2016

Sr strengthens the Si upon osteoblast proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic factor expressionviaSi and Sr released from Si/Sr co-substituted hydroxyapatite bioceramic materials.
TiNi-based films for elastocaloric microcooling— Fatigue life and device performance
Authors: Ossmer H. , Chluba C. , Kauffmann-Weiss S. , Quandt E. , Kohl M.
Published: April 2016

The global trend of miniaturization and concomitant increase of functionality in microelectronics, microoptics, and various other fields in microtechnology leads to an emerging demand for temperature control at small scales. In this realm, elastocaloric cooling is an interesting alternative to thermoelectrics due to the large latent heat and good down-scaling behavior. Here, we investigate the elastocaloric effect due to a stress-induced phase transformation in binary TiNi and quaternary TiNiCuCo films of 20 μm thickness produced by DC magnetron sputtering. The mesoscale mechanical and thermal performance, as well as the fatigue behavior are studied by uniaxial tensile tests combined with infrared thermography and digital image correlation measurements. Binary films exhibit strong features of fatigue, involving a transition from Lüders-like to homogeneous transformation behavior within three superelastic cycles. Quaternary films, in contrast, show stable Lüders-like transformation without any signs of degradation. The elastocaloric temperature change under adiabatic conditions is −15 K and −12 K for TiNi and TiNiCuCo films, respectively. First-of-its-kind heat pump demonstrators are developed that make use of out-of-plane deflection of film bridges. Owing to their large surface-to-volume ratio, the demonstrators reveal rapid heat transfer. The TiNiCuCo-based devices, for instance, generate a temperature difference of 3.5 K within 13 s. The coefficients of performance of the demonstrators are about 3.
Otolith chemistry as an indicator of movements of albacore (Thunnus alalunga) in the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Fraile Igaratza , Arrizabalaga Haritz , Santiago Josu , Goñi Nicolas , Arregi Igor , Madinabeitia Sonia , Wells R. J. David , Rooker Jay R.
Published: April 2016

Albacore (Thunnus alalunga) in the North Atlantic Ocean is currently managed as a single well-mixed stock, although this assumption remains contentious. We measured stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) and trace elements (Mg, Mn, Sr, Ba) in otoliths of albacore collected from two feeding grounds, namely the Bay of Biscay and Atlantic offshore waters, and compared them among sampling locations and life history stages. Measurements in otolith core, post-core and edge were used to determine whether albacore from these two regions have the same nursery origin and migratory patterns. We found no clear evidence of distinct nursery grounds based on otolith core chemistry, but Sr:Ca and Mg:Ca were different in the post-core portions of albacore from the two locations, suggesting residency in different regions during the early juvenile stage. Otolith edge chemistry, particularly stable isotopes and Sr:Ca, proved to be a valuable tool for classifying individuals to their capture locations. Annual cycles of Sr:Ca ratios were visible along life history transects, likely reflecting migratory patterns between water masses of differing salinity, but the timing of Sr:Ca cycles differed between the two groups. Differentiation in trace element concentrations in the otolith post-core and the timing of Sr:Ca cycles suggest the occurrence of two migratory contingents of albacore in the north-east Atlantic Ocean.