bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contributions of Alexey Vereninov to the Study of Ion Permeability and Homeostasis
Authors: Moshkov Alexey , Engohang-Ndong J.
Published: February 2025

The review is devoted to Alexey Vereninov's research in the field of cell permeability and ion homeostasis. Particular attention is paid to the modeling approach developed in the study of frog striated muscles and subsequently applied to other cell types. Biologically relevant ways by which the muscles were studied and the model that was constructed determines the overall nonreductionist approach of the research. In the first study of excitability in invertebrate tissues and organs Vereninov used techniques and methods derived from his teacher Dmitry Nasonov. From 1963 to 1971, he tested membrane and phase concepts of bioelectrogenesis using isolated fibers and whole sartorius muscles. Both mechanistic and theoretical models have been used in the study of “salt potentials”. The properties of muscles considered in these models are relevant to both the phase and membrane models. Vereninov’s work, therefore, led to reconciliation between the two theories. In studies performed in 1971 and 1976 Vereninov presented a nonreductionist approach to the study of ion and osmotic balance in animal cells. Using the concept of cell permeability, he developed a method to analyze potassium permeability by combining electrophysiological and ionic data. In 1980-1983 Vereninov applied Ussing's criterion to study the role of passive permeability in the ion balance of muscles in a bi-ionic system. These studies were carried out under specific ionic conditions that allow the distinction between passive and active components of ion transport. Under these conditions, sodium was actively transported, and potassium exhibited both active and passive transport. Moreover, in a bi-ionic system with rubidium and potassium, some unidentified transport component was also present. Therefore, instead of Ussing's criterion, the application of which is restricted to specific experimental conditions, the analysis of ion fluxes was carried out using mathematical modeling.
La Violencia en el Perú y el Mundo
Authors: Haro-Haro Daniel Enrique
Published: February 2025

La violencia tiene enormes consecuencias en la salud de las personas y todos somos vulnerables a sufrirla en algúnmomento de nuestra vida. Su complejidad la hace difícil estudiarla, comprenderla y sobre todo prevenirla
EXPLORING PROFESSIONALS’ PERCEPTIONS OF TOURISM SEASONALITY AND SPORTS EVENTS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF KISSAVOS MARATHON RACE
Authors: Gkarane Sofia , Vassiliadis Chris A. , Gianni Maria
Published: February 2025

Local tourism professionals entail those who strongly face the personal and financial difficulties of tourism seasonality. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the local tourism professionals’ perceptions of a small-scale sports event, which is held in the off-season. Through the study of Kissavos Mountain Race — a small-scale running event that is held annually in the region of Agia Larissa — the contribution of such an event to seasonality mitigation is investigated. Accordingly, this study aims to describe how the local professionals of this mountainous village understand and interpret the relations between sustainable small-scale sports events and seasonality aspects. An exploratory study was designed to address the local professionals’ opinions regarding the effectiveness of the running event in mitigating seasonality as well as their willingness to support similar actions. Through a literature review on seasonality tourism, sustainability, and minor events, a semi-structured interview guide was created and twenty-five local tourism professionals were interviewed. Subsequently, data that reflect their perceptions of events and seasonality were collected. Based on the analysis of the replies, the respondents believe that the sports event impacts seasonality mitigation but only in conjunction with other actions. Most of them also converge on a strategy that would not only include the needs of visitors but also the authorities’ ongoing support of their businesses. On this basis, it is recommended that local and regional tourism managers use a variety of combination tools to smooth out seasonality. From a practical viewpoint, this study draws attention to the perspectives of local professionals and allows tourism policymakers to understand the market’s characteristics and needs. As it would be interesting to apply this investigation in different seasons for different areas, this study ultimately contributes to the tourism field by examining the contribution of a small-scale event to seasonality mitigation via a local stakeholder approach.
GREEKS’ INTENTIONS TO VISIT A GREEN HOTEL ARE INFLUENCED BY PERCEIVED CONTROL AND PAST EXPERIENCE
Authors: DELISTAVROU ANTONIA , TILIKIDOU IRENE
Published: February 2025

This research study addressed the ability of an extended with Past Experience model of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to reveal the Greek travelers’ intentions to choose a green hotel over a conventional one. Perceived Behavioral Control provided a stronger impact on intentions, followed by Subjective Norms and Past Experience, while Attitudes offered rather weak evidence of influence. The additional factor of Past Experience was found to be also correlated with Perceived Behavioral Control. Therefore, it can be implied that green hotels’ communication strategies should firstly underline the travelers’ own control to choose a green hotel, emphasizing that there are no time, money, or opportunity obstacles to restrict them. Secondly, visitors as well as distinguished persons, who have previously experienced a visit to a green hotel, should be promoted and valorized in an effort to increase social pressure. Thirdly, staying at a green hotel should be presented as a positive, environmentally beneficial while healthy, desirable, and enjoyable experience.
CLINICAL GUIDELINES. Perianal abscess (K61, K61.0, K61.1, K61.2, K61.3, K61.4), adults, children
Authors: Shelygin Yu. A. , Achkasov S. I. , Akselrov M. A. , Aliev F. S. , Amirova A. K. , Groshilin V. S. , Egorkin M. A. , Ilkanich A. Y. , Kashnikov V. N. , Kostarev I. V. , Kostenko N. V. , Kotin A. N. , Kuzminov A. M. , Lukyanov A. S. , Moskalev A. I. , Morozov D. A. , Muravyov A. V. , Nechai I. A. , Novozhilov V. A. , Popov D. E. , Razumovsky A. Yu. , Svarich V. G. , Stepanova N. M. , Titov A. Yu. , Frolov S. A. , Shtyrkova S. V. , Shcherbakova O. V.
Published: February 2025

.
Comparative efficacy and survival of biologics in inflammatory bowel disease in different lines of therapy: the clinician’s view of the problem
Authors: Levitskaya A. V. , Belousova E. A. , Lomakina E. Yu. , Teberdieva M. V.
Published: February 2025

AIM: to analyze publications and assess the current state of the issue on the comparative efficacy and survival of different classes and different lines of biological therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)MATERIALS AND METHODS: the search for publications was done in the PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE databases and Cochrane Library from 2013 to 2024 using key words and phrases “Inflammatory bowel disease”, “ulcerative colitis”, “Crohn’s disease”, “biologics survival/persistence”, “comparative efficacy of biologics in different therapy lines”, “biologics”, “immunogenicity”. RESULTS: loss of response over time is observed for all biologic agents. The choice of the first biologic agent may affect the efficacy of subsequent lines of therapy. TNF inhibitors are most often prescribed in the first line of therapy, but their survival in IBD is lower compared to biologic agents of other classes: half of the patients loses response after 1–2 years. Switching within one class of biologic agents (TNF inhibitors) reduces the efficacy of the second line of therapy. The survival of INF and ADA is comparable in CD, but in UC, the survival of INF is higher than that of ADA and GOL. Data on the efficacy and survival of VEDO in the 1st and 2nd lines of therapy are contradictory. Most studies assessing the survival and efficacy of biologic agents do not exceed one year, that is insufficient to predict the long-term outcome. There is data on high long-term efficacy and survival of UST without significant loss of response for 4–5 years in bio naive IBD patients and in bio failures. UST has a higher survival rate than VEDO in the second line of therapy in case of loss of response to INF. In case of loss of response to biologics, it is advisable to evaluate the level of antibodies and drug concentration in the blood.CONCLUSION: studies on the survival and long-term efficacy of biologic therapy are very limited and contradictory. More direct comparative studies of different classes of biologics in the first and subsequent lines of therapy are needed. In real practice, it is necessary to consider the existing data on the survival of biologics when choosing therapy.
Surgery of military injuries of the perineum (review)
Authors: Perekhodov S. N. , Kuzminov A. D. , Onnitsev I. E. , Kozlov N. S.
Published: February 2025

AIM: to analyze literature on perineal military injuries.PATIENTS AND METHODS: a search of sources was carried out using eLIBRARY.RU and the PubMed.gov using the keywords: “perineal wounds”, “rectal wounds”, “perineal trauma”, “perineum injury”, “rectal injuries”, “perineum trauma” for the last 10 years.RESULTS: recently, the main method for military injuries of the perineum with damage to the extraperitoneal part of the rectum is the 4D method: diverting stoma, elimination of the rectal defect, presacral drainage and distal lavage of the rectum, as well as primary surgical treatment of the wound with subsequent sanitation. For such injuries received in peacetime, the authors are inclined to a more differentiated approach, which usually differs from the 4D concept. It is worth noting that the methods and results of treating perineal wounds received in peacetime cannot be unambiguously projected onto the treating of military injuries. This is due to the morphological features of perineal wounds received in military actions.CONCLUSION: perineal injuries occur in approximately 5.4% of cases of total military actions. The most pressing problem is combined trauma of the extraperitoneal part of the rectum. The generally accepted conception was developed during the Vietnam War. Since then, the approach has not changed crucially, and most studies are, as a rule, descriptive in nature and do not provide clear recommendations for treatment.
Pathohistological features of Clostridium difficile-associated pseudomembranous colitis in post-COVID-19 patients
Authors: Timerbulatov V. M. , Mustafin T. I. , Timerbulatov M. V. , Shchekin S. V. , Timerbulatov Sh. V. , Gafarova A. R. , Garaev R. R.
Published: February 2025

AIM: to assess features of pathomorphological changes in the intestinal wall in patients who had new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2.PATIENTS AND METHODS: the study included 8 patients who underwent surgery for complications of pseudomembranous colitis and had previously COVID-19. Six patients underwent colectomy, and two underwent subtotal colectomy with end ileostomy. Histology of the removed specimens was standard.RESULTS: in all specimens, in addition to the changes peculiar for pseudomembranous colitis, vascular lesions of the bowel wall were detected as vasculitis of small arteries and vessels of the microcirculatory network, phlebitis and thrombosis of venous vessels like in COVID-19. These pathological changes in blood vessels may reveal the intramural perfusion disorders of blood circulation, leading subsequently to ischemic changes.CONCLUSION: when treating patients with pseudomembranous colitis and postcovid syndrome, it is necessary to take into account the mutually aggravating effect of both diseases, when assessing risks, determining indications for surgery and conservative measures.
Transanal endomicrosurgery in the treatment of large and giant rectal adenomas. Results of a prospective study
Authors: Chernyshov S. V. , Mainovskaya O. A. , Nagudov M. A. , Likutov A. A. , Tishkevich I. S. , Rybakov E. G.
Published: February 2025

AIM: the aim of this article was to demonstrate the possibilities of using TEM for large (more than 5.0 cm) and giant (more than 8.0 cm) rectal adenomas.PATIENTS AND METHODS: more than 1000 transanal endoscopic microsurgery procedures were performed in 2011- 2023. Three groups were distinguished according to the tumor size: Group I — tumors less than 5.0 cm; Group II — tumors 5.0–8.0 cm (large); Group III — tumors more than 8.0 cm (giant).RESULTS: the final analysis included 600 patients. Group I with sizes less than 5.0 cm included 465 (77.5%) patients. Group II — large adenomas 5.0–8.0 cm included 120 (20%) patients. The group of giant tumors, larger than 8.0 cm, included 15 (2.5%) patients. In group I (less than 5.0 cm), the R0 rate was 92%, then in group II of large adenomas (5.0–8.0 cm) it was only 75%, and in the case of removal of giant adenomas (more than 8.0 cm) — 46% (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for R1 resection were giant tumor size over 8.0 cm (OR 5.5; 95% CI: 1.4–20.3; p = 0.006) and tumor site close to the dentate line (OR 2.6; CI: 1.17–5.89; p = 0.0005).CONCLUSION: giant size (over 8.0 cm) and adenoma site in the low rectum close to the dentate line are independent risk factors for non-radical resection during transanal endomicrosurgery.
The cell-based approach of hemostasis, coagulopathy, and the implications for the pediatric cardiac anesthesiologist
Authors: Munlemvo Dolly M.
Published: February 2025

Newborns and infants undergoing complex heart surgery often encounter post-operative bleeding episodes and coagulopathy following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Addressing these challenges necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the intricate mechanisms involved, including thrombin generation, platelet activation, fibrinolysis, and the pivotal role of fibrinogen. This article explores these critical components within the context of pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB, drawing from Hoffman and Monroe's cell-based coagulation approach. By shedding light on these key aspects, we aim to equip clinicians with essential insights for designing a well-guided patient blood management strategy in this type of surgery.
Estimation of indigestible NDF by in situ procedure in sheep: number of bags and fabric type
Authors: dos Santos Antônio Carneiro Santana , dos Santos Gisele Rocha , da Silva Márcia Pereira , Mariz Lays Débora Silva , Alba Henry Daniel Ruiz , Tosto Manuela Silva Libânio , Pereira Elzania Sales , Pina Douglas dos Santos , de Azevedo José Augusto Gomes , de Carvalho Gleidson Giordano Pinto , Santos Stefanie Alvarenga
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fabric type (F57 vs. non-woven textile [NWT]) and the number of bags incubated simultaneously in sheep on the determination of indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF). Six fistulated sheep with an initial body weight of 46 ± 3 kg were used in the experiment, which followed a 6 × 6 Latin square design. The study consisted of six periods of 14 days each, allowing for a total incubation time of 336 hours. Two fabric types were used to incubate samples: F57 (Ankom, Fairport, NY) and NWT. Three sample types were analyzed to estimate and compare iNDF content: sorghum silage, ground corn, and sheep feces. For each sample type, bags of the two fabric types were incubated in sets of 4, 8, or 12 bags, totaling 12, 24, or 36 bags per animal per period, respectively. This resulted in a total of 144 bags incubated in situ per period. At the end of each incubation period, the bags were removed from the rumen, washed, oven-dried, and analyzed for NDF content. The results showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) in iNDF estimates between fabric types or across the different numbers of bags incubated. These findings indicate that both F57 and NWT fabrics are suitable for estimating iNDF in feed and feces samples from sheep. Moreover, using up to 36 bags did not compromise the results after 336 hours of incubation. However, further investigation is needed to determine whether incubating more than 36 bags could affect NDF degradation due to bag fill effects.
Cofactor engineering for improved production of 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid via the synthetic homoserine pathway
Authors: Ihle Nadine , Grüßner Laura , Alkim Ceren , Nguyen T. A. Stefanie , Walther Thomas , Frazão Cláudio J. R.
Published: February 2025

(L)-2,4-dihydroxybutyrate (DHB) is a versatile compound that can serve as a precursor for the synthesis of the methionine analog 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyrate and new advanced polymers. We previously implemented in Escherichia coli an artificial biosynthetic pathway for the aerobic production of DHB from glucose, which relies on the deamination of (L)-homoserine followed by the reduction of 2-oxo-4-hydroxybutyrate (OHB) and yields DHB by an enzyme-bearing NADH-dependent OHB reductase activity. Under aerobic conditions, using NADPH as a cofactor is more favorable for reduction processes. We report the construction of an NADPH-dependent OHB reductase and increased intracellular NADPH supply by metabolic engineering to improve DHB production. Key cofactor discriminating positions were identified in the previously engineered NADH-dependent OHB reductase (E. coli malate dehydrogenase I12V:R81A:M85Q:D86S:G179D) and tested by mutational scanning. The two point mutations D34G:I35R were found to increase the specificity for NADPH by more than three orders of magnitude. Using the new OHB reductase enzyme, replacing the homoserine transaminase with the improved variant Ec.AlaC A142P:Y275D and increasing the NADPH supply by overexpressing the pntAB gene encoding the membrane-bound transhydrogenase yielded a strain that produced DHB from glucose at a yield of 0.25 molDHB molGlucose−1 in shake-flask experiments, which corresponds to a 50% increase compared to previous producer strains. Upon 24 h of batch cultivation of the most advanced DHB producer strain constructed in this work, a volumetric productivity of 0.83 mmolDHB L−1 h−1 was reached.
Low-temperature cold plasma promotes wound healing by inhibiting skin inflammation and improving skin microbiome
Authors: Zhou Jie , Sun Zengkun , Wang Xiaoru , Wang Shouguo , Jiang Wen , Tang Dongqi , Xia Tao , Xiao Fang
Published: February 2025

Wound healing includes four consecutive and overlapping stages of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Factors such as aging, infection, and chronic diseases can lead to chronic wounds and delayed healing. Low-temperature cold plasma (LTCP) is an emerging physical therapy for wound healing, characterized by its safety, environmental friendliness, and ease of operation. This study utilized a self-developed LTCP device to investigate its biological effects and mechanisms on wound healing in adult and elderly mice. Histopathological studies found that LTCP significantly accelerated the healing rate of skin wounds in mice, with particularly pronounced effects in elderly mice. LTCP can markedly inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) and senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors (MMP-3, MMP-9), while significantly increasing the expression of tissue repair-related factors, such as VEGF, bFGF, TGF-β, COL-I, and α-SMA. It also regulated the expression of genes related to cell proliferation and migration (Aqp5, Spint1), inflammation response (Nlrp3, Icam1), and angiogenesis (Ptx3, Thbs1), promoting cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis. Furthermore, LTCP treatment reduced the relative abundance of harmful bacteria such as Delftia, Stenotrophomonas, Enterococcus, and Enterobacter in skin wounds, while increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Muribaculaceae, Acinetobacter, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136_group, and un_f__Lachnospiraceae, thereby improving the microbial community structure of skin wounds. These research findings are of significant implications for understanding the mechanism of skin wound healing, as well as for the treatment and clinical applications of skin wounds, especially aging skin.
Molecular puzzle of insulin: structural assembly pathways and their role in diabetes
Authors: Urbaniak Edyta , Henry Sara , Lalowski Maciej , Borowiak Malgorzata
Published: February 2025

Properly folded proteins are essential for virtually all cellular processes including enzyme catalysis, signal transduction, and structural support. The cells have evolved intricate mechanisms of control, such as the assistance of chaperones and proteostasis networks, to ensure that proteins mature and fold correctly and maintain their functional conformations. Here, we review the mechanisms governing the folding of key hormonal regulators or glucose homeostasis. The insulin synthesis in pancreatic β-cells begins with preproinsulin production. During translation, the insulin precursor involves components of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) translocation machinery, which are essential for proper orientation, translocation, and cleavage of the signal peptide of preproinsulin. These steps are critical to initiate the correct folding of proinsulin. Proinsulin foldability is optimized in the ER, an environment evolved to support the folding process and the formation of disulfide bonds while minimizing misfolding. This environment is intricately linked to ER stress response pathways, which have both beneficial and potentially harmful effects on pancreatic β-cells. Proinsulin misfolding can result from excessive biosynthetic ER load, proinsulin gene mutations, or genetic predispositions affecting the ER folding environment. Misfolded proinsulin leads to deficient insulin production and contributes to diabetes pathogenesis. Understanding the mechanisms of protein folding is critical for addressing diabetes and other protein misfolding-related diseases.
Gut microbiota regulates optic nerve fiber myelination
Authors: Ronchi Giulia , Pellegrino Davide , El Soury Marwa , Amato Olga , Gaia Francesco , Farzin Sajjad , Nuzzi Raffaele , Basic Marijana , Bolsega Silvia , Geuna Stefano , Cescon Matilde , Haastert-Talini Kirsten , Gambarotta Giovanna
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Recent evidence supports the hypothesis of an association between gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of retinal and eye diseases, suggesting the existence of a gut-eye axis. However, no data are available on the possible effect of the gut microbiota on the optic nerve fiber maturation and myelin development.

Methods

We investigated the impact of gut microbiota on the optic nerves collected from neonatal and young adult germ-free (GF), gnotobiotic (stably colonized with 12 bacteria strains, OMM12) and control (colonized with a complex gut microbiota, CGM) mice, by performing stereological and morphoquantitative analyses with transmission electron microscopy and gene expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR.

Results

Young adult GF and OMM12 optic nerve axons are smaller and hypermyelinated compared to CGM ones, while no such differences were detected in neonatal optic nerves. The transcription factors Olig1, Olig2, and Sox10 (oligodendrocyte myelination positive regulators) are downregulated in CGM and OMM12 young adult mice compared to the respective neonates. Such developmental downregulation was not observed in GF optic nerves, suggesting that the absence of the gut microbiota prolongs the stimulation of optic nerve fiber myelination, possibly through mechanisms that are yet to be identified.

Discussion

Altogether, these data underscore the gut microbiota pivotal role in driving optic nerve myelination, contributing to our knowledge about both the gut-eye axis and the gut-brain axis, and opening new horizons for further investigations that will explore the role of the microbiota also in pathologies, injuries and regeneration associated with the optic nerve.
Transcriptomic insights into developmental arrest in fluorescent labeling transgenic Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) embryos via inter-order cloning
Authors: Pankammoon Peachanika , Qing Yubo , Zhao Heng , Jiao Deling , Li Honghui , Wang Fengchong , Wiriyahdamrong Thanapa , Guo Jianxiong , Li Wengui , Chuammitri Phongsakorn , Thitaram Chatchote , Wei Hongjiang , Sathanowongs Anucha
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) provide a unique model for studying cloning in large mammals. As an endangered species with declining populations and limited oocyte availability, interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) combined with transcriptomic analysis holds promise for advancing iSCNT embryonic arrest development and further facilitating applications in conservation efforts, therapeutic cloning, and regenerative medicine.

Methods

This study conducted low-input RNA sequencing analyses on transgenic Asian elephant-pig (AE-P) inter-order cloned embryos expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) at the 2- and 4-cell stages. Differential gene expressions, pathway enrichment, and hub gene analyses were performed to identify the molecular mechanisms and core genes influencing normal and arrest development.

Results and Discussion

Approximately 25% of clean reads successfully aligned with the Asian elephant genome. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that inter-order cloned embryos with earlier cleavage at the 2- and 4-cell stages exhibited signs of residual transcriptomic memory and incomplete epigenetic reprogramming, while arrested embryos showed indications of nucleocytoplasmic incompatibility and nDNA-mtDNA mismatch. Hub gene analyses indicated core genes such as NDUFC2, NDUFS3, NDUFAB1, SDHC, SDHB, NUP54, NUP43, NUP37, NDC1, CDK1, and CCNB1 linked to energy production, nucleocytoplasmic transport, and cell cycle regulation highlighting the overall challenges in cloning Asian elephant inter-order embryos. Altogether, the analysis of high-throughput sequencing enhances the reliability of iSCNT production in this study, advancing our understanding of cellular reprogramming and molecular roadblocks in AE-P inter-order cloned embryos. Transcriptomic analyses have identified key factors contributing to developmental barriers in iSCNT, offering valuable insights into the complexities of these challenges.
Xingnao Jiutan tablets modulate gut microbiota and gut microbiota metabolism to alleviate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Zhang Jing , Hou Xiaoran , Cai Shijiao , Zhang Jingyue , Gou Yidan , Zhang Hanxu , Zhai Yang , Yuan Hengjie
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Xingnao Jiutan tablets (XNJT), a compound Chinese medicine, have been applied to the treatment of the sequelae of cerebral thrombosis or cerebral hemorrhage, transient cerebral ischemia, and central retinal vein obstruction, etc., but the underlying mechanisms are not yet clear. This research focused on examining the impact of XNJT for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (MCAO/R) injury, utilizing gut microbiota and metabolomic studies.

Methods

The primary components of XNJT were identified through the application of the HPLC technique. We established a MCAO/ R model in mice and conducted behavioral evaluations, cerebral blood flow measurements, and TTC staining. We used ELISA, high-throughput 16S rDNA gene sequencing, and metabolomics techniques to detect inflammatory factors, microbial populations, and metabolites, respectively. Finally, we performed Spearman correlation analysis to investigate the relationships among gut microbiota and metabolites, comprehensively exploring the mechanisms of XNJT to alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Results

We discovered that XNJT effectively enhanced neurological performance, alleviated cerebral infarction, diminished neuronal cell death, and increased cerebral blood flow. Moreover, XNJT downregulated the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF, IL-6, and IL-1b. Additionally, XNJT improved gut microbiota levels in MCAO/R mice, particularly Bacteroides, Firmicutes, Escherichia-Shigella, and Ligilactobacillus. Furthermore, XNJT primarily modulated differential metabolites in the gut through Glycerophospholipid, Linoleic acid, and Sphingolipid metabolism pathways. Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant associations among intestinal microbiota and various metabolites.

Discussion

In summary, our findings suggest that XNJT can improve cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury outcomes, reduce inflammatory responses, and regulate gut microbiota and differential metabolites. It’s possible that the potential mechanisms are connected to controlling gut microbiota and metabolism.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting the outcome of metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV after antiretroviral therapy in China
Authors: Jin Yong , Zhu Jiaona , Chen Qingmei , Wang Mian , Shen Zhihong , Dong Yongquan , Li Xiaoqing
Published: February 2025

Background

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV (PLWH) is increasing worldwide. This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram to predict the risk of metabolic syndrome in PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in China, accounting for both traditional and HIV-specific risk factors.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted among PLWH receiving ART at a designated treatment center in Yinzhou District, China. A total of 774 patients were randomly assigned to development and validation cohorts in a 5:5 ratio. Predictive variables were identified using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multivariable Cox regression analysis. The model’s discriminative ability was assessed using the C-index and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Calibration was evaluated through calibration plots, and clinical utility was assessed using decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

﻿The nomogram incorporated age, ART regimen, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and HIV viral load as predictive factors. The C-index was 0.726 in the development cohort and 0.781 in the validation cohort, indicating strong discriminative ability. AUC values for predicting metabolic syndrome at 1, 2, and 3 years were 0.732, 0.728, and 0.737 in the development cohort, and 0.797, 0.803, and 0.783 in the validation cohort. Calibration plots showed strong concordance between predicted and observed outcomes, while DCA affirmed the model’s clinical applicability.

Conclusion

A user-friendly nomogram incorporating six routinely collected variables was developed and internally validated, which can effectively predict metabolic syndrome in PLWH following ART.
Integrating artificial intelligence for improved security of IoT-drones through cyber-physical attack detection
Authors: Hakeem Abeer , Sabir Maha , Alhebshi Reemah M. , Almakky Abeer Ghazy , Ashraf Imran
Published: February 2025

Providing cyber-resilient IoE systems has become the need of modern times. In particular, IoT drones are prone to several cyber attacks while navigating in the air. Deliberate transmission of deceptive GPS signals targeted at commercial applications can misdirect global positioning system (GPS)-guided drones, causing them to deviate from their intended paths. Thus, efficient anti-spoofing technology is required to guarantee the safety measures of drone operations. Many techniques for identifying GPS spoofing are available, but most of them need extra hardware, which may not be feasible for tiny or resource-constrained drones. In this regard, this study introduces a specialized method to identify GPS signal spoofing in these drones, called MobileNet. The MobileNet is a convolutional neural network-based transfer learning model that is adopted in this study for drone security along with Chi-square-selected features. The initial phase involves a series of steps to acquire and prepare the GPS signal dataset. Afterward, the dataset is prepared for modeling through preprocessing, data cleaning, and feature extraction. Extensive comparison analysis is performed to evaluate deep learning and transfer learning models. The experimental findings demonstrate the remarkable accuracy of 98.49% by the MobileNet model using Chi-square feature selection. This demonstrates the suitability and capability of the model to perform well in preventing GPS signal spoofing in the context of tiny drone operations.
A comprehensive study on the impact of Ligustrum vicaryi L. fruit polysaccharide on myocardial fibrosis through animal experiments, network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Liu Shuling , Liu Meifang , Wang Jianan , Rong Ruixue , Gao Yanwei , Li Xiaoqi , Liu Xin , Li Shaojian
Published: February 2025

Background

Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is a prevalent pathological condition associated with various heart diseases, such as heart failure and arrhythmias, which disrupt electrical signals and reduce pumping efficiency. This research explored the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of Ligustrum vicaryi L. fruit polysaccharide (LVFP) on MF.

Methods

In vivo experiments, including fibrosis markers assay, echocardiography, HE staining, Sirius red staining, and Masson's trichrome staining, were performed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of LVFP in treating isoproterenol (ISO)-induced MF. We utilized the PharmMapper database to identify targets of LVFP, aiming to explore potential targets. Additionally, we obtained MF-related targets from the GeneCards database. We utilized Venny, a bioinformatics tool, to identify the intersection between the targets of LVFP and those related to MF. We utilized the STRING database to construct a protein interaction network for the overlapping targets and identified key targets for LVFP in treating MF through cytoHubba analysis. We conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis on the intersection targets. We also examined the interaction between LVFP and the key targets using molecular docking techniques.

Results

LVFP significantly inhibited fibrosis biomarker such as hydroxyproline (HYP) and decreased myocardial fibrosis level as shown by heart weight to tibia length (HW/TL) measurement when compared to ISO-treated mice. Additionally, it increased ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) levels. LVFP showed decreased collagen levels compared to the ISO-treated mice by histological quantification of cardiac fibrosis. Based on the monosaccharide structures of LVFP, 413 targets were identified, with 67 associated with MF. Analysis indicated that the 9 hub genes (AKT1, HSP90AA1, SRC, GSK3β, VEGFR2, RHOA, ENO1, PKM, and IL-2) play roles in MF treatment by participating in signaling pathways related to prostate cancer, lipid and atherosclerosis, and insulin resistance. Molecular docking results showed that LVFP exhibited strong binding potential to VEGFR2 (−8.65 kcal/mol), AKT1 (−7.36 kcal/mol) and GSK3β (−7.68 kcal/mol).

Conclusion

LVFP shows promise as a therapeutic agent for MF, primarily through the regulation of various signaling pathways and targets. These findings provide novel insights for the treatment of MF utilizing LVFP.
Alterations in bile acid metabolites associated with pathogenicity and IVIG resistance in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Wang Xinqi , Han Linli , Jiang Jiyang , Fan Zhenxin , Hua Yimin , He Libang , Li Yifei
Published: February 2025

Background

Kawasaki disease (KD) primarily affects children as an acute systemic vasculitis. Numerous studies indicated an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease due to metabolic disturbances. Despite this knowledge, the specific metabolic modes involved in KD remain unclear.

Methods

We examined the metabolome of individuals with 108 KD and 52 non-KD controls (KD vs. nKD) by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS).

Results

Differential analysis uncovered the disturbed production of bile acids and lipids in KD. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of treatment, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance, and coronary artery (CA) occurrence on the metabolome. Our findings suggested that IVIG treatment alters the lipid and amino acid metabolism of KD patients. By orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), there was no significant difference between the coronary injury groups and non-coronary injury groups, and IVIG resistance didn't appear to cause the metabolic change in KD patients.

Conclusions

Patients with KD exhibit metabolic abnormalities, particularly in bile acids and lipids. IVIG interventions may partially ameliorate these lipid abnormalities.
Fostering AI literacy in pre-service physics teachers: inputs from training and co-variables
Authors: Abdulayeva Aigerim , Zhanatbekova Nazym , Andasbayev Yerlan , Boribekova Farzana
Published: February 2025

Background

While the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in education is widely recognized, the rapid evolution of these technologies necessitates a corresponding evolution in teacher education. This research sought to investigate the impact of a targeted training program on pre-service physics teachers’ AI literacy levels and their subsequent attitudes and intentions toward AI adoption in their future teaching.

Methods

A pre-post-test control group quasi-experimental study was implemented among physics teacher education students. A 5 weeks long out-of-curriculum intervention was designed and implemented that combined theoretical grounding with practical, problem-based learning activities, with a focus on the use of various AI tools.

Results

There was a significant upswing in AI literacy performance post-intervention, showcasing that the training was effective in facilitating participants’ understanding and application of AI in educational contexts. Additionally, perceived usefulness of AI was found to be a partial mediator in the link between literacy scores and behavioral intention to embed generative solutions into potential teaching.

Conclusion

The study concludes that incorporating comprehensive AI literacy programs into teacher education curricula is essential for fostering a technologically adept and pedagogically innovatively minded teaching workforce. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of AI literacy training on teacher practice and student learning outcomes.
Embodied and dis-embodied affordances in mathematics education
Authors: Farsani Danyal , Khatin-Zadeh Omid
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we discuss a two-way mechanism for acquiring mathematical knowledge: dis-embodied-to-embodied and embodied-to-dis-embodied shifts. Shifting from an embodied representation to a dis-embodied representation enables mathematics learners to discover general rules and patterns that can be applied to a wide range of mathematical problems, while shifting from a dis-embodied representation to an embodied representation allows mathematics learners to acquire a more graspable knowledge of mathematics. After discussing these two shifts in mode of processing, we describe a two-way mechanism through which a parallel employment of these two modes of thought allows mathematics learners to acquire a grounded and deep knowledge of mathematics. Therefore, any mathematics education program should engage learners in both modes of processing. Finally, we conclude that it is not possible to have an efficient education program by focusing on just one mode of mathematical thought.
Towards a sustainable approach of energy policy in the EU: empirical evidence for Romania vs. the Visegrad Group based on the relationship among disruptive technology, knowledge and final energy consumption
Authors: Burciu Aurel , Bostan Ionel , Kicsi Rozalia , Buta Simona , Zoltan Raluca , Condratov Iulian
Published: February 2025

This study aims to argue the role of disruptive technologies in reducing Final Energy Consumption (FEC) for 5 EU member states (Romania vs. the Visegrad Group), as well as the EU27 average for the period 2010–2020, in the context of current energy crisis, as a response to sustainable development imperatives. At the time of 2022, it proves once again that the state is needed to optimize the functioning of energy markets. From a theoretical perspective, the study brings two elements of absolute novelty. First, the study proposes a new model to determine two composite indexes related to the level of endowment with disruptive technologies (DEDT - Degree of Endowment for Disruptive Technologies) and the level of knowledge per capita (PCK - Per Capita Knowledge). The determination of DEDT and PCK was based on existing studies, statistical data as well as the authors’ consultation with a panel of experts in the use of digital technologies relevant to reducing FEC. Second, the study argues that even a relatively low annual increase in DEDT and knowledge of the EU-27 population is positively correlated with the reduction of FEC, the increase of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and the shift of countries/firms towards the green economy and sustainable development. From a pragmatic perspective, the results of the study are of both direct and indirect interest for EU Member States’ policies, as well as for firms and families in their attempt to reduce FEC and to focus their behavior on the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals).
Dynamic resonance: unpacking Ghanaian traditional knowledge through proverbs for modern socio-environmental innovation
Authors: Quarshie Benjamin , Poku Kelcy Menkah
Published: February 2025

Traditional knowledge reflects the essence of a community, embodying its truths and ancestral lineage. Preserving this knowledge is vital for maintaining identity and cultural roots. However, viewing it as the sole marker of ethnic ancestry overlooks other factors, such as genetics and the interplay of beliefs and practises. Beliefs and practises, shaped by cumulative wisdom, represent a dynamic core of traditional knowledge influenced by geography, experiences, cultural encounters, and resource availability. Tradition is not static but evolves with time, adapting to the needs of the era. Thus, it is essential to critically evaluate traditional knowledge within its temporal context to distinguish sustainable practises from those that may hinder progress. This paper examines select traditional knowledge embedded in proverbs from two Ghanaian ethnic cultures, Akan and Ewe, through the lens of 21st-century sustainable practises. The focus is to demonstrate that whilst some traditional knowledge endures, others align with modern skills like creativity, innovation, critical thinking, and collaboration—key to socio-environmental sustainability. The paper begins by appreciating Ghanaian traditional knowledge and its practical applications in daily life. It then presents a selection of proverbs with their interpretations, followed by a critical review guided by 21st-century benchmarks with the aid of ChatGPT 4.0 and Gemini 1.5 pro language modelling Artificial Intelligence (AIs) after authentication of the selected proverbs by language experts who are also vested in Ghanaian proverbs. The analysis highlights the nuanced fabric of traditional knowledge, identifying some proverbs that remain relevant and adaptable for daily usage in educational and industrial organisations to elicit 21st-century competencies. The paper concludes with recommendations for scholarly contributions and educational initiatives grounded in traditional knowledge. These initiatives aim to foster sustainable, innovative practises that meet contemporary needs, bridging cultural heritage and modernity.
Effects of light exposure during IVF: transcriptomic analysis of murine embryos and embryo-derived EVs
Authors: Nagy Bence , Bognár Zoltán , Csabai Timea Judit , Fekete Nóra , Buzás Edit Irén , Kovács Árpád Ferenc , Szekeres-Barthó Júlia , Pállinger Éva
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Light exposure of embryos during assisted reproduction affects embryo quality and implantation capacity in a wavelength dependent manner. We investigated the molecular mechanism of these light-induced changes through the comparative analysis of gene expression and regulatory miRNA profile of murine embryos cultured in dark environment and those exposed to white- or red filtered light. miRNA sequencing was used to assess the role of embryo-derived extracellular vesicles in the endometrium-embryo dialogue.

Methods

In vitro cultured mouse embryos at 3.5 days post coitum (dpc) were exposed to white or red filtered light. After 24 hours mRNA and miRNA content of the embryos as well as the miRNA content of embryo-derived extracellular vesicles were isolated and RNA-sequencing was performed. Differential expression analysis and functional enrichment analysis were used for evaluating the transcriptome results.

Results

Light exposure caused transcriptomic changes in the embryos. White light upregulated apoptotic pathways, while red filtered light gave rise to the activation of regeneration pathways, including DNA repair mechanisms. Embryo-derived extracellular vesicles enclosed wavelength dependently unique miRNA cargos the target genes of which play a role in embryo implantation.

Discussion

White light upregulates apoptotic pathways, at both the transcriptome and regulatory miRNAs levels. Red filtration partially counterbalances these negative effects by shifting the cellular processes towards regeneration, including DNA repair mechanisms. Extracellular vesicles of light exposed embryos play a role in blastocyst-decidua communication through the horizontal transfer of regulatory miRNAs. Our data prove that light exposure during in vitro fertilization modifies cell function that might affect the outcome of implantation.
Applying 3D cultures and high-throughput technologies to study host-pathogen interactions
Authors: De Martinis Elaine Cristina Pereira , Alves Virgínia Farias , Pereira Marita Gimenez , Andrade Leonardo Neves , Abichabki Nathália , Abramova Anna , Dannborg Mirjam , Bengtsson-Palme Johan
Published: February 2025

Recent advances in cell culturing and DNA sequencing have dramatically altered the field of human microbiome research. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is an important tool in cell biology, in cancer research, and for studying host-microbe interactions, as it mimics the in vivo characteristics of the host environment in an in vitro system, providing reliable and reproducible models. This work provides an overview of the main 3D culture techniques applied to study interactions between host cells and pathogenic microorganisms, how these systems can be integrated with high-throughput molecular methods, and how multi-species model systems may pave the way forward to pinpoint interactions among host, beneficial microbes and pathogens.
Case Report: First report of Legionella micdadei pneumonia and organizing pneumonia in a patient with myelodysplastic and Sweet syndromes
Authors: Chen Yingying , Liang Sicong , Lu Ye , Zhou Xiangyu , Zheng Rui , Chen Yu
Published: February 2025

The immunocompromised population is susceptible to Legionella pneumonia. The diagnosis and treatment of Legionella pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals are challenging clinical endeavors. Previous studies have identified Legionella pneumonia as a potential cause of organizing pneumonia (OP), however, the association between Legionella pneumonia and OP has not received enough clinical attention. We retrospectively evaluated a case involving Legionella micdadei infection and OP in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome and concurrent Sweet syndrome. The diagnosis of Legionella micdadei pneumonia was confirmed through various methods: metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS), Giemsa-staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization of lung tissue, as well as serum immunofluorescence antibody testing. Histopathological analysis of lung tissue revealed OP. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of antibiotics and low-dose glucocorticoids. In immunocompromised individuals, mNGS was capable of detection non-Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. The pathological examination is important for identifying secondary OP and provides the evidence for treatment with glucocorticoids.