bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
C-reactive protein and procalcitonin - laboratory markers of degrees of severity and complications of an acute necrotic pancreatitis
Authors: Rotar O. V. , Khomiak I. V. , Rotar V. I. , Khomiak A. I. , Railianu S. I.
Published: September 2020

Objective. To conduct comparative estimation of efficacy of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin as laboratory markers for stratification of the patients severity state suffering an acute necrotic pancreatitis.

Materials and methods. Prospective cohort investigation, including 151 patients with an acute necrotic pancreatitis, was conducted. Clinical, laboratory and bacteriological investigations were accomplished. The levels of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were determined in the blood plasm.

Results. The necrotic accumulations infectioning was diagnosed in 89 (58.9%) patients: local purulent complications - in 27, sepsis - in 33,septic shock - in 29. In 62 patients with sterile pancreonecrosis a C-reactive protein concentration have raised from (5.6 ± 0.89) to (206 ± 29) mg/l (p˂0.001). Development of purulent-septic complications was accompanied by significant and trustworthy (p<0.01) elevation of procalcitonin concentration: in the patients with sepsis - up to (5.05 ± 0.92) ng/ml, in the patients with septic shock - up to (7.25 ± 2.15) ng/ml.

Conclusion. Simultaneous measurement of levels of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in the blood plasm in patients, suffering acute necrotic pancreatitis, gives permission to determine the inflammatory process character and stratify the disease severity in its early terms.
Parahiatal hernia in structure of hernias in region of esophageal diaphragmatic hiatus
Authors: Sheiko V. D. , Krishanovsky O. A. , Kaliuzhka A. S. , Dolzhkovyi S. V. , Sytnik D. A. , Shkurupiy O. A.
Published: September 2020

Parahiatal hernia in structure of hernias in region of esophageal diaphragmatic hiatus
Kajian Etik Pendidikan Jarak Jauh dalam Pendidikan Kedokteran di Indonesia
Authors: Rozaliyani Anna , Widjaja Hansel Tengara , Prawiroharjo Pukovisa , Sukarya Wawang
Published: September 2020

Sejak awal tahun 2020, dunia telah dikejutkan dengan pandemi COVID-19. COVID-19 telah menyebabkan perubahan yang fundamental terhadap segala segi kehidupan, termasuk dalam pendidikan kedokteran. Apabila kita menilik sejarah pendidikan kedokteran di Indonesia, peristiwa wabah juga menjadi tonggak dimulainya pendidikan kedokteran di Indonesia. Di dunia, pandemi flu Spanyol juga telah mengubah pendidikan kedokteran di kala itu. Dengan kemajuan teknologi, pendidikan kedokteran di masa pandemi ini dilaksanakan dalam bentuk pendidikan jarak jauh (PJJ). Meskipun demikian, tidak dipungkiri dampaknya terhadap pemenuhan kompetensi yang semakin sulit. Memperpanjang durasi pendidikan kedokteran tampaknya menjadi solusi yang ideal, namun juga menambahkan beban staf pendidik dan peserta didik. Dalam menentukan pilihan yang akan diambil oleh pembuat kebijakan pendidikan kedokteran perlu dipertimbangkan risk-versus-benefit serta konsekuensinya masing-masing.
Tinjauan Etik Upaya Promotif Kesehatan untuk Menunda ke Dokter Kecuali Kasus Berpotensi Gawat Darurat atau Pelayanan yang Tidak Dapat Ditunda
Authors: Wasisto Broto , Librianty Nurfanida , Harinda Fadlika
Published: September 2020

Dalam situasi pandemi, tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa pelaksanaan berbagai hal tentunya tidak dapat terselenggara secara ideal sebagaimana di masa sebelum adanya pandemi. Hal ini juga berlaku dengan kondisi layanan kesehatan. Pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan berbagai adaptasi dalam aspek pelayanan kesehatan. Hal tersebut perlu dilakukan demi menekan risiko penularan penyakit, memberikan perlindungan bagi tenaga kesehatan dan pekerja di layanan kesehatan lainnya, serta memberikan pelayanan kesehatan bagi orang sakit lainnya secara optimal. Sebagai upaya pelayanan kesehatan holistik, dokter berperan dalam upaya promotif dengan melakukan edukasi kepada masyarakat yang dalam konteks ini adalah edukasi mengenai penundaan kunjungan ke fasilitas layanan kesehatan kecuali pada kondisi-kondisi di mana terdapat potensi gawat darurat dan pelayanan yang tidak dapat ditunda seperti imunisasi anak. Untuk menjaga agar kebutuhan pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat tetap terpenuhi, masyarakat diimbau untuk memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan secara daring atau telekonsultasi dengan dokter sehingga masyarakat tetap bisa memperoleh nasihat dokter secara efektif dan efisien tanpa harus berhadapan dengan risiko penularan penyakit dengan kunjungan ke rumah sakit. Namun, pada kondisi dengan potensi gawat darurat, masyarakat tetap diimbau untuk segera melakukan kunjungan agar kondisi tersebut dapat segera ditangani oleh dokter yang berwenang.
Gender Perspective on Drivers of Cigarette Smoking: Two Part Model Approach
Authors: Kipkorir Peter , Ngeno Vincent , Serem Alfred
Published: September 2020

An estimated 2.5 million Kenyans which is over 11 percent of the country’s adult population currently use tobacco thus informing the need to take strong action to reduce tobacco use. Therefore, this study conducted a gender analysis on drivers of cigarette smoking in Kenya. The study heavily relied on data from Kenya Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2014. Specifically, two-part model was used to establish the effect of demographic and psychosocial drivers on both smoking participation and intensity among men and women. The study found that price of cigarette had an insignificant effect on men participation in smoking while age and years spent in education had a significant and negative effect on women smoking participation. Smoking rules inside home had a negative effect on women participation in smoking while smoking policy at indoor work place had a negative and significant effect on men smoking participation. Overally, cigarette tax adjustment had a negative and significant effect on both men and women participation in smoking. Work status had a negative and very significant effect on both men and women smoking intensity. The findings, therefore, confirmed the significant effect of smoking policy and cigarette tax adjustment on both smoking participation and smoking intensity among men and women.
Effects of Salvia Officinalis Extract on the Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Zare Habibeh
Published: September 2020

Background: Common sage (Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) is an aromatic and medicinal plant well known for its antioxidant properties. This plant belongs to Lamiaceae family and has many pharmaceutical properties. Some in vivo studies have shown the biological antioxidant effects of sage. As a member of Salvia officinalis Labiatae, sage is also known as “Maryam flower” in Iran. Sage importance lies in its therapeutic potential. It has been exploited as an anti-spasmodic, astringent, sedative, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory agent in Iranian medicine. Objective: Studying the anticancer effects of the compounds in Salvia officinalis extracts, such as cineol and camphor. Methods: Cancer was induced by DMBA (dimethyl-benzantheracene) dissolved in sunflower oil for 4 weeks. The case group was treated with sage leaf hydroalcoholic extract for 4 weeks; while the controls received distilled water. Result: Angiogenesis is a key process in cancer spread and metastasis. The hydroalcoholic extract of garden sage halted angiogenesis in the breast cell line of both human and mouse models; the highest impact was observed in hexane extract. Findings indicated the therapeutic effects of garden sage (i.e. its in vitro anti-angiogenesis activity and anti-migratory properties). Conclusion: Saliva officinalis can potentially prevent breast cancer.
A STUDY ON LOW CONTRAST VIDEO ENHANCEMENT BASED ON RETINEX
Authors: Wang Qiming , Shi Hesheng , Zhou Zhiqing
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a video adaptive enhancement method based on Retinex illumination theory. The bidirectional equalization algorithm is adopted to make the gray distribution more uniform and to suppress the noise to a certain extent. The self-adaptive enhancement function stretches the radiation component and the overall component and improves the global and local visual effects. In the splicing process of the reflection component, the self-adaptive weighted method is effective to solve the fuzzy block effect, and the introduction of the similarity between frames validly improves the processing efficiency of the algorithm. Experiments have demonstrated that the proposed method can effectively deal with low-contrast video, and the enhancement effect is obvious, fast and effective.
PREDICTION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE PERFORMANCE USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Shalahuddin Lukman , Suksmono Adityo , Sembiring Yohanes P
Published: September 2020

The potential of artificial intelligence (AI) application for prediction of internal combustion engine performance is assessed in this paper. A literature survey on this subject is first reviewed, in which previous researches utilized the advance of artificial neural networks (ANN) as one type of AI. Previous works commonly obtained the data from experimental engine tests. Under the same engines, they varied the fuel compositions or the engine operating conditions. Whereas in this study, an ANN model is developed to calculate the inputs from an engine simulation software package database and to predict the engine performance based on the simulation software outputs as the ANN target outputs. Results from the ANN model in the “learning” step indicates good agreement with the software simulation outputs. Improvement and development of the program are required, including optimation of the ANN model architecture, such as the choice of activation function, the number of neurons in the hidden layer, and the number of iterations, as well as the number and option of input engine parameters. The ANN model seems promising to predict engine performance, with root mean square errors in the range of 0.4-1.8%.
Peningkatan Kualitas Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di Sekolah Dasar Kelas Tinggi dengan Menggunakan Strategi Pembelajaran Aktif Tipe Crossword Puzzle
Authors: Karlina Kiki , Faqih Luthika Tsalitsa , Narini Nitia Andi , Hidayat Heri , Hidayat Heri , Mulyani Heny
Published: September 2020

Proses pembelajaran yang menggunakan model, strategi, dan media pembelajaran yang kurang inovatif dan menarik mengakibatkan minat belajar siswa menjadi rendah. Selain itu, siswa kurang berpartisipasi aktif dalam pembelajaran sehingga mengakibatkan pembelajaran kurang bermakna bagi siswa. Pembelajaran yang berlangsung masih berpusat pada guru. Penelitian ini berjudul Peningkatan Kualitas Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di Sekolah Dasar Kelas Tinggi dengan Menggunakan Strategi Pembelajaran Aktif Tipe crossword puzzle. Adapun permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah ada peningkatan kualitas hasil belajar siswa dalam mata pelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di sekolah dasar kelas tinggi dengan menggunakan strategi pembelajaran aktif tipe crossword puzzle. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapakan gambaran objektif peningkatan hasil belajar Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan dengan menggunakan strategi pembelajaran aktif tipe crossword puzzle. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan menggunakan metode kajian pustaka. Peneliti mengkaji dari beberapa penelitian yang bersumber dari artikel lain. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan strategi pembelajaran aktif tipe crossword puzzle menjadikan pembelajaran lebih menyenangkan dan siswa mudah memahami materi pembelajaran.
Analisis Kerja Sama Guru Dengan Orang Tua dalam Pembelajaran Online di Era Covid 19 di MI Azizan Palembang
Authors: Dewi Mutia
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana kerja sama guru dengan orang tua dalalam pembelajaran jarak jauh di tengah pandemi virus corona, yang menjadi pendukung, penghambat dan solusi yang dapat diberikan dalam pembelajaran jarak jauh yang di laksankan. Dalam memperoleh data Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Azizan dengan media hanphone android untuk berkomunikasi, Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi secara tidak langsung dengan cara mendengar dan melihat butki outentik, waawancara via telphone, dan dokumentasi via handphone android melalui whatshapp dan Facebook sebagi media untuk mendapatkan data. Hasil penelitian guru dan orang tua siswa melaksanakan pembelajaran jarak jauh via media yang digunakan yaitu Whatshap, Televisi Republik Indonesia (TVRI), Zoom Meeting, Facebook, Vedeo, Email, dan Telephone . sedangkan untuk pendukung pelaksanaannya orang tua yang tetap stay di rumah/tidak mudik, akses internet yang mendukung, lokasi orang tua dekat dengan guru, latar belakang pendidikan orang tua, dan memiliki komitmen untuk melaksanakan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Penghambat Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran jarak jauh yaitu Ekonomi Orang tua, kurang pemahaman pemanfaatan aplikasi di android dan jarak jauh dengan guru. Solusi yang diberikan komunikasi via telphone secara intensif selama menyangkut pembelajaran dan bakti sosial untuk membantu sesama.
Try Out Simulation Test untuk Persiapan Siswa Menghadapi Ujian
Authors: Wijaya Aldo , Fransisca Fanny
Published: September 2020

Try out ujian nasional Sekolah Menengah Pertama merupakan suatu jadwal kegiatan yang sangat penting bagi suatu sekolahan untuk meningkatkan angka kelulusan siswa didiknya, try out atau uji coba juga merupakan suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan seorang siswa agar dapat mengukur kemampuannya untuk mengerjakan soal pada ujian akhir, dari kasus tersebut maka dirancanglah sebuah aplikasi simulasi try out berbasis desktop. Aplikasi ini memungkinkan seorang siswa dapat melakukan beberapa kali try out dan guru dapat mengetahui kesalahan-kesalahan para siswa dalam mengerjakan soal ujian. Pada umumnya siswa yang ingin mengikuti try out akan diberikan lembar jawaban dan lembar soal lalu membulatkan lembar jawaban tersebut setelah itu guru akan mengoreksi hasil kerja siswa satu persatu dan kemungkinan kecil ada kesalahan pemeriksaan. Proses mengoreksi tersebut dapat dirubah menjadi lebih mudah dan sederhana dengan menggunakan aplikasi ini. Penerapan aplikasi ini dapat membantu guru membuat soal dan mengoreksi jawaban lebih cepat dan guru dapat lebih cepat mengetahui kelemahan para muridnya dan dapat mengajari materi tersebut lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini berhasil membuat aplikasi simulasi try out untuk Sekolah Menengah Pertama berbasis desktop menggunakan vb.net dan MSSQL. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian aplikasi yang dilakukan kepada beberapa responden menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi ini membantu para siswa mengetahui kelemahan mereka masing-masing.
Audit Sistem Absensi Online Menggunakan Framework COBIT 5 Pada Penyedia Akses Jaringan
Authors: Wijaya Roby , Novita Rania , Jonatan Eric , Novanto Leo Agung , Hartanto Junius
Published: September 2020

Perusahaan ini bergerak pada NAP (Network Access Provider = Penyedia Akses Jaringan). Fokus utama dalam penelitian ini adalah PT. Media Akses, perusahaan saat ini menerapkan sistem kehadiran berbasis aplikasi Android, yang dibagi menjadi 4 kondisi, kehadiran karyawan, pengumpulan data kehadiran karyawan satu hari sebelum memasukkan gaji menurut data karyawan yang disediakan, presensisi lembur, dan presensinya perjalanan bisnis. Studi ini akan fokus pada sistem kehadiran lembur dalam bentuk aplikasi dan situs web android. Tujuan dari audit sistem presensi adalah untuk menentukan proses absen dari sistem absen perusahaan yang saat ini sedang dalam uji coba, menggunakan standar COBIT. Penelitian ini dimulai dari melakukan studi literatur untuk mendukung penelitian, kemudian menyatakan domain proses dan proses sebagai ruang lingkup penelitian. Dalam melakukan pengumpulan dan observasi data, penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dan wawancara dengan informan terkait dan mengkonfirmasi dokumen. Domain yang dipilih dalam penelitian ini adalah Pengiriman, Layanan, dan Dukungan (DSS). Hasilnya menunjukkan Tingkat Kemampuan dalam domain proses DSS03 memiliki nilai rata-rata sebesar 2.25. setelah mengetahui tingkat kemampuan saat ini, maka dibuat rekomendasi, rekomendasi yang diberikan seperti, menyediakan tim khusus untuk menangani solusi. Perannya adalah mencatat, memantau, dan juga memberikan solusi yang lebih akurat.
Perancangan Aplikasi Pengelolaan Kepegawaian Berbasis Web Di PT. Traders Family International
Authors: Mastan Ignatius Adrian , Tyo Metta Mellisa
Published: September 2020

PT. Traders Family International adalah sebuah perusahaan jasa konsultan forex berbasis trader yang memusatkan bisnisnya pada perubahan wajah industri forex di Indonesia ke arah yang lebih modern, aman, transparan dan terpercaya. Pada perusahaan ini pengajuan izin dan cuti masih menggunakan cara manual, yaitu dengan mengisi formulir pengajuan izin dan cuti yang dapat mengalami kerusakan kertas formulir ataupun kehilangan formulir sehingga dapat menjadi masalah dalam perhitungan gaji pegawai.

Pegawai PT. Traders Family International menggunakan paper-based untuk pengajuan permohonan izin mapupun cuti dan masih menggunakan Microsoft Excel yang belum terintegrasi dengan baik antara proses absensi dan pengajuan izin maupun cuti. Akibatnya, HRD memerlukan waktu yang lebih lama dalam membuat laporan absensi dan dapat mengakibatkan kesalahan dalam membuat laporan absensi.
Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah aplikasi pengelolaan karyawan berbasis web yang dibuat menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan basis data MySQL, aplikasi ini dapat diakses dengan mudah oleh pegawai perusahaan di area yang terjangkau dengan local area network perusahaan. Dengan aplikasi ini pegawai juga dapat mengetahui sisa cuti, sehingga pegawai dapat mengajukan cuti tanpa bertanya ke bagian HRD untuk mengetahui sisa cuti
Study of the relationship between the development of sensory fatigue and the presence of health disorders among respondents
Authors: Mihal'chi Ekaterina
Published: September 2020

The article discusses the features of sensory fatigue which persons with impaired health of different nosological groups may experience. During the study, visual, sound and tactile triggers of sensory fatigue in respondents were identified; as well as the frequency and periods of development of this functional state and the duration of cases of sensory fatigue in respondents from different groups. Analysis of the results of the study showed that respondents with impaired health and a conditionally healthy group have different reasons for the development of sensory fatigue and the manifestation of mental responses to the intense effects of external stimuli.
Towards apost-non-classical theory activity
Authors: Sergeev Sergey
Published: September 2020

The history of the development of the system-methodological basis of the psychological theory of activity is analyzed. The system features and limitations of the canonical form of the psychological theory of activity and its main variants are given. The article considers the prospects for the development of the conceptual base of the activity approach within the framework of a new system basis, which includes ideas about cyclic self-organization, taking into account the constructional properties of the psyche and brain and related categories of physics.
Mechanisms to counter Vulnerabilities and Threats of the Windows Family of Operating systems
Authors: Posese-Okesene Vaisualua
Published: September 2020

This paper reviews writings already done and published on the topic. The Operating systems covered are Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 7 Professional and Windows 8. The categories of Vulnerabilities and Threats are discussed with mechanisms implemented and solutions known.
Structuring the system of restrictions in economic and legal systems as a source of human capital formation
Authors: Morozov Ivan , Abramov Ruslan
Published: September 2020

The article examines the genesis of the human capital system through the prism of the formation of a system of personal responsibility for committed acts. It is shown that responsibility in the law of early civilizations and up to the Middle ages proportionally reflected the value of a person as a person.
ATP5D is differentially expressed following infection by the coronavirus family.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2020

We mined published and public microarray datasets (1-6) to discover conserved host cell machinery transcriptionally modulated by the coronavirus family. We found significant differential expression and transcriptional repression of the gene encoding the mitochondrial F1 ATP synthase subunit 𝛅, ATP5D, following infection of human cells with the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus in vitro. ATP5D was differentially expressed, to a lesser extent, in the lungs of BALB/c mice infected with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) but not in human cells infected with the human coronavirus HCoV-229E. These data document unique differential expression of a mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit by viruses of the coronavirus family.
Syncritism in Pentecost-Charismatic Movement
Authors: Simanjuntak Fredy , Papay Alexander Djuang
Published: September 2020

The history of the church notes that to this day the Protestant Church is a family whose history is most often divided. Nevertheless the development is quite significant in the present. The process of developing the church resulted in various streams in the church such as Lutheran, Calvinist, Baptist, Methodist, Pentecostal, Charismatic, Evangelical, Adventist, until Jehovah's Witnesses, in the course of the Pentecostal & Charismatic flow so fertile in today's growth. The flow of Pentecostalism and Charismaticism, in its origin and method, has a unique and phenomenal history in Indonesia. The uniqueness of Indonesia's spiritual context is illustrated by rapid growth. The Pentecostal and Charismatic movements felt their influence in various churches around us. Phenomena such as the ability to speak in tongues, healing, and prophecy and aspects of emotional experience that are so prominent in this movement make the public wonder, is it true that all of this is the work of the Holy Spirit? The purpose of this paper is to provide an observation of facts, spiritual life background, the meaning of faith, and understanding of the role of the Holy Spirit adopted by followers of the Pentecost-Charismatic Movement in the context of the challenges of contextualization and syncretism in the relationship between Pentecostal-Charismatic and Christian spirituality in Indonesia. In light of the significant regional diversity in Indonesian religious thought and experience, the scope of this research is limited to the idea of contextualization also limited to its use in the missiological context.
Systematic Review of Interventions Designed to Teach Imitation to Young Children with Disabilities
Authors: Ledford Jennifer R.
Published: September 2020

This systematic review was designed to characterize current intervention research for increasing imitation for young children with disabilities, who often demonstrate delayed imitative behavior. Embedded and massed trial interventions were identified, with embedded interventions occurring during classroom activities (classroom-based embedded trials, CBET) or play activities (play based embedded trials, PBET) and massed trial interventions occurring with in situ models (live model massed trials, LMMT) or video models (video-model massed trials, VMMT). Across intervention types, positive outcomes were more likely to occur when dependent variables were primary variables (i.e., not outcomes secondary to another dependent variable) and when they were context-bound (i.e., collected during intervention sessions). When only primary variables from high quality studies were considered, embedded trials (PBET, CBET) more often resulted in functional relations; however, this may be due to the fact that children in these studies had less pronounced imitation delays.
Moral Foundations and Political Orientation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kivikangas J Matias , Fernández Belén , Järvelä Simo , Ravaja Niklas , Lönnqvist Jan-Erik
Published: September 2020

We investigate the findings that liberals and conservatives rely on different moral foundations. We conducted a comprehensive literature search from major databases and other sources for primary studies that used the Moral Foundations Questionnaire and a typical measure of political orientation, a political self-placement item. We used a predefined process for independent extraction of effect sizes by two authors and ran both study-level and individual-level analyses. With 89 samples, 605 effect sizes, and 33,804 independent participants, in addition to 192,870 participants from the widely used YourMorals.org website, the basic differences about conservatives and liberals are supported. However, heterogeneity is moderate, and the results may be less generalizable than previously thought. The effect sizes obtained from the YourMorals.org data appear inflated compared to independent samples, which is partly related political interest and may be due to self-selection. The association of moral foundations to political orientation varies culturally (between regions and countries) and subculturally (between White and Black respondents an in response to political interest, but not in relation to other demographics). The associations also differ depending on the choice of the social or economic dimension and its labeling, supporting both the bidimensional model of political orientation and the findings that the dimensions are often strongly correlated. Oue findings have implications for interpreting published studies, as well as designing new ones where the political aspect of morality is relevant. The results are primarily limited by the homogeneity of the measures and included studies in terms of sample origins.
A Psychology of Ideology: Unpacking the Psychological Structure of Ideological Thinking
Authors: Zmigrod Leor
Published: September 2020

The psychological study of ideology has traditionally emphasized the content of ideological beliefs, guided by questions about what people believe, such as why people believe in omniscient gods or fascist worldviews. This theoretical focus has led to siloed subdisciplines separately dealing with political, religious, moral, prejudiced, and racist attitudes. The fractionation has fostered a neglect of the cognitive structure of ideological worldviews and associated questions about why ideologies – in all their forms – are so compelling to the human mind. It is here argued that it is essential to consider the nature of ideological cognition across a multitude of ideologies. The review offers a multidimensional, empirically-tractable framework of ideological thinking, suggesting it can be conceptualized as a style of thinking that is rigid in its adherence to a doctrine and resistance to evidence-based belief-updating, and favourably-oriented towards an ingroup and antagonistic to outgroups. The review identifies the subcomponents of ideological thinking and highlights that ideological thinking constitutes a meaningful psychological phenomenon that merits direct scholarly investigation and analysis. By emphasizing conceptual precision, methodological directions, and interdisciplinary integration across the political and cognitive sciences, the review illustrates the potential of this framework as a catalyst for developing a rigorous domain-general psychology of ideology.
Public acceptance of Privacy-Encroaching Policies to Address the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United Kingdom
Authors: Lewandowsky Stephan , Dennis Simon , Perfors Amy , Kashima Yoshihisa , White Joshua Paul , Garrett Paul Michael , Little Daniel R. , Yesilada Muhsin
Published: September 2020

The nature of the COVID-19 pandemic may require governments to use privacy-encroaching technologies to help contain its spread. One technology involves co-location tracking through mobile Wi-Fi, GPS, and Bluetooth to permit health agencies to monitor people's contact with each other, thereby triggering targeted social-distancing when a person turns out to be infected. The effectiveness of tracking relies on the willingness of the population to support such privacy encroaching measures. We report the results of two large surveys in the United Kingdom, conducted during the peak of the pandemic, that probe people's attitudes towards various tracking technologies. The results show that by and large there is widespread acceptance for co-location tracking. Acceptance increases when the measures are explicitly time-limited and come with opt-out clauses or other assurances of privacy. Another possible future technology to control the pandemic involves "immunity passports", which could be issued to people who carry antibodies for the COVID-19 virus, potentially implying that they are immune and therefore unable to spread the virus to other people. Immunity passports have been considered as a potential future step to manage the pandemic. We probe people's attitudes towards immunity passports and find considerable support overall, although around 20% of the public strongly oppose passports.
Improving preventive health behaviors in the COVID-19 crisis: a messaging intervention in a large nationally representative sample
Authors: Hacquin Anne-Sophie , Mercier Hugo , Chevallier Coralie
Published: September 2020

Public health communication play an important role in the fight against COVID-19. We used five well-established psychological levers to improve on the efficacy of two posters used by the French authorities (one on protective behaviors and one on proper handwashing). The five levers were: simplification (streamlining the posters), sunk costs (emphasizing the costs already paid to fight the pandemic), morality (emphasizing the duty to help others), self-protection (emphasizing the personal risks), and disgust (pointing out and illustrating that not following the protective behaviors or proper handwashing had consequences that should trigger disgust). We tested on a large (N = 3000) nationally representative French sample whether versions of the posters using these levers, compared to a control condition, were clearer, better recalled, and increased people’s intention to follow the posters’ recommendations. On the whole, there were no effects of the manipulations on any of the measures. The only consistent pattern was that the control protective behavior poster was better recalled than the alternatives (except for the simplified version), possibly because it contained one fewer message. The lack of effect on behavioral intentions might be attributed to the potential saturation in terms of health communication at the time of the experiment. Our results--mostly null and potentially negative--confirm the importance of testing interventions before using them in a public health campaign, even if they are grounded in successful past interventions.
How origin stories shape children's social reasoning
Authors: Foster-Hanson Emily , Rhodes Marjorie
Published: September 2020

How do we explain the behavior of the many people we meet throughout our lives? Children and adults sometimes consider other people in terms of their social category memberships (e.g., assuming that a girl likes pink because she is a girl), but people view some categories as more informative than others, and which people think of as informative varies across cultural contexts. One type of culturally-embedded knowledge that appears to shape whether people view particular categories as providing explanations for behavior are beliefs about how the category came to be. In the current studies with 4- to 5-year-old children (N = 206), we ask how learning about quasi-scientific or supernatural causal origins of a category shapes young children’s use of categories to predict and explain what category members are like. In Study 1, children more often used a category to explain behavior when they heard the category described as intentionally created by a powerful being than when they heard no explicit information about its origins. In Studies 2 and 3, learning about both quasi-scientific and supernatural causal origins shaped children’s social category beliefs via a common mechanism: by signaling that the category marked a non-arbitrary way of dividing up the social world.
Supporting Families to Protect Child Health: Parenting Quality and Household Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Roos Leslie E , Salisbury Marlee R. , Penner-Goeke Lara , Cameron Emily E , Protudjer Jennifer , Giuliano Ryan Jeffrey , Afifi Tracie , Reynolds Kristin
Published: September 2020

Background: Supportive parenting is critical for promoting healthy child development in the face of stressors, such as those occurring during COVID-19. Here, we address a knowledge gap regarding specific household risk factors associated with parenting quality during the pandemic and incorporate first-person accounts of family challenges and needs. Methods: Mixed methods were applied to data collected between April 14th - 28th, 2020 from the “Parenting During the Pandemic” survey. Participants included 656 primary caregivers (e.g., mothers, fathers, foster parents) of least one child age 1.5-8 years of which 555 (84.6%) responded to at least one parenting questionnaire. Parenting quality was assessed across stressful, negative, and positive parenting dimensions. Household risk was examined across pandemic-linked (e.g., caregiver depression, unmet childcare needs) and stable factors (i.e., annual income, mental illness history). Significant correlates were examined with regressions in Mplus. Thematic analysis identified caregiver challenges and unmet needs from open-ended questions.Findings: Caregiver depression, higher child parity, unmet childcare needs, and relationship distress predicted lower-quality parenting. Caregiver depression was the most significant predictor across every parenting dimension, with analyses indicating medium effect sizes, ds = .39 - .73. Qualitative findings highlighted severe strains on parent capacities including managing psychological distress, limited social supports, and too much unstructured time.Interpretations: Lower quality parenting during COVID-19 is associated with multiple household and pandemic risk factors, with caregiver depression consistently linked to parent-child relationship disruptions. Focused efforts are needed to address caregiver mental health to protect child health as part of the pandemic response.
Prosocial Behaviour and Psychopathology: An Eleven Year Longitudinal Study of Intra-Individual Reciprocal Relations Across Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Memmott-Elison Madison K. , Toseeb Umar
Published: September 2020

The current study investigated whether prosocial behaviour and multidimensional psychopathology are bidirectionally related at intra- and or inter-individual levels from early childhood through mid-adolescence. Parents in the United Kingdom reported their child’s prosocial behaviour, emotional problems, peer problems, conduct problems, and hyperactivity and inattention problems at ages 3, 5, 7, 11, and 14 years (N = 16,984, 51% male, 83% white). Four random intercepts cross-lagged panel models were fitted. Higher levels of earlier prosocial behaviour were associated with greater than expected decrements in psychopathology. Higher levels of earlier psychopathology were associated with greater than expected decrements in prosocial behaviour. Therefore, prosocial behaviour was bidirectionally associated with multidimensional psychopathology. Additionally, children and adolescents who were more prosocial tended to experience lower levels of psychopathology. Therefore, engaging in prosocial behaviour can reduce psychopathological symptoms over time (and vice versa), and youth who are more prosocial also tend to experience fewer psychopathological symptoms. Most previously reported associations between prosocial behaviour and psychopathology confound intra- and inter-individual effects. The findings of the current study imply complex state and trait level relations between prosocial behaviour and psychopathology and provide further evidence for long-term longitudinal developmental cascades.
Comparative Evaluation of Hyoid Bone Position and Tongue Area with Twin Block and Forsus: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rajput Raksha , Daokar Suchita
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Class II div 1 malocclusion is most commonly presented with retruded mandible. This backward placement of mandible pushes the tongue posteriorly and inturn impairs the position of hyoid bone and total tongue area. Correction of retruded mandible with functional appliances is also considered to have positive effect on hyoid bone position and tongue area. Aim and Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of Twin Block and Forsus on the hyoid bone position and tongue area in the treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion.

Materials & Method: A 2-arm parallel, randomized controlled trial was designed consisting of 24 Class II division 1 malocclusion patients indicated for treatment with functional appliances. 24 patients were randomized and equally divided among Twin Block (Group A) and Forsus (Group B) group. Pre- and post functional lateral cephalograms of both groups were traced and statistically analysed using paired t-test and T test of Equality of Means. ‘p’ value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Result: A significantly upward and forward movement of hyoid bone was found with both the appliances. Tongue area also improved with Twin Block and Forsus group. On intergroup comparison insignificant results were observed between both the appliances indicating similar effect on tongue area and hyoid bone position.

Conclusion: Twin Block has more skeletal effect than Forsus, still both Twin Block and Forsus are effective in improving tongue area and forward and upward displacement of hyoid bone position while correcting Class II malocclusion.
Uvula Strangulation: A Rare Case of Hair Thread Tourniquet Syndrome
Authors: Stansfield Joseph , Stansfield Joseph , Coey J , Mirza O , Loughran S
Published: September 2020

Hair thread tourniquet syndrome is a rare but previously well-documented presentation. It is described as
circumferential strangulation of distal or multiple distal appendages, which can lead to tissue ischaemia and
eventually necrosis without prompt treatment. Despite the characteristic presentation and potential for
serious complications, many healthcare professionals remain unaware of hair tourniquet syndrome and the
need for urgent management. We present the case of a 9-month-old infant who presented to the emergency
department. The parent noted a long hair emanating from the mouth but on attempts to remove it was unable
to do so. The child was otherwise stable. Examination on the oral cavity revealed the hair strand tightly
wrapped around an oedematous and congested uvula. Attempts to remove the ligature in the emergency
department were unsuccessful and a subsequent referral to otolaryngology was made. A decision was made
to take the child to the operating theatre, where the ligature was successfully removed with the distal uvula
remaining viable.
Intoxicação por Cannabis sativa: Desafios relacionados à clínica de animais de companhia
Authors: Notomi Marcia
Published: September 2020

Plants of the genus Cannabis produce, among others, a class of chemical compounds with relevant psychotropic action, phytocannabinoids, for this reason it is the recreative drug with the greatest consumption worldwide. The proximity of pet animals to humans and their behavioral aspects make them susceptible to exposure to this and other drugs. The toxicological profile of Cannabis sativa L. intoxication is directly related to the proportion between the concentration of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol in the ingested sample. Two chemical compounds with high liposolubility, which makes their absorptions, distribution and metabolization occur quickly. Following absorption, they interact with cannabinoid receptors present in the body, CB1 (predominant in the brain) is responsible for most of the symptoms caused by contact, causing mainly symptoms related to the central nervous system. However, the interaction with CB2 (predominant in other parts of the body) and the variable profile of this interaction with both receptors can result in an excitatory or inhibitory effect, making the clinical diagnosis difficult, being aggravated by the absence of compatible rapid tests for the diagnosis intoxication. Treatment, in the absence of specific antidotes, is based on reduced absorption, supportive therapy based on the present clinical symptoms and the peculiarity of Cannabis intoxications. In the absence of concomitant conditions, the prognosis is favourable, but its recognition and differentiation from other intoxication and neurological disorders is important.
LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE
Authors: Turabaeva L.K.
Published: September 2020

This article discusses the activities of the language as a means of communication. We are talking about communicative features and types of speech. Currently, special attention is paid to the issues of communicative teaching involves mastering the communicative-cognitive activity of the language, taking into account communicative activity.
SAVE CRIMEA: IT REQUIRES CAREFUL TREATMENT (IT IS NECESSARY PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL OPTIMIZATION OF CRIMEA)
Authors: Tetior A.
Published: September 2020

In Crimea mixed landscapes: in the south - a ridge of low mountains, creating a close to the Mediterranean climate and landscape on a narrow strip of the southern coast; the rest of the area is mostly arid steppes. The Black Sea from depths of more than 150-300 m is contaminated with hydrogen sulfide and uninhabitable marine life. Historically, the recreational and agricultural strategy for the development of Crimea has been formed. There is an unacceptably small ratio of natural and developed areas (30/70%); high land ploughing (60-70%); insufficient foresting (10.7%); high aridity; landscapes are monotonous (excluding the southern shore). The settlements of Crimea dump their liquid runoff after cleaning in the hydrogen sulfide-contaminated sea, which adds complexity to the environmental situation: because the speeds of sea currents are small, and the self-cleaning capacity of the beach area is low due to the reduction of the area of natural beaches, the regulation of the shore by pebble beach's and concrete buns, reducing the area of overgrowth that purifies the water. At the same time, recreational loads on Crimea are growing. The Program of environmental (ecological) optimization of Crimea, increasing natural diversity and share of natural areas (including highly productive forest), improving its natural condition and creating an original architectural - landscape appearance is needed. Large man-made impacts on the fragile ecosystem of Crimea should be banned. Environmental optimization, increasing the share and diversity of natural areas, restoration of natural vegetation, afforestation, biopositive building, will ensure the ecological reliability of the ecosystem.
STATE SUPPORT FOR TECHNOLOGICAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Authors: Kuznetsova G.Y.
Published: September 2020

The development of technological entrepreneurship is a necessary condition for maintaining the technological leadership of our country. Therefore, this article is devoted to the analysis of conditions, forms and measures of state support for technological entrepreneurship using an institutional approach. The adopted regulatory documents, forms of innovative infrastructure, tax regulation measures, financial support institutions, as well as the effectiveness of all these measures for the period from 2005 to 2019 are consistently analyzed.
Along with successful experience in the development of small innovative enterprises in universities, in technology parks, in the Skolkovo technological valley, the study notes that technological entrepreneurship has not been widely developed. Universities are not interested in creating small innovative enterprises, since their activity is evaluated by the number of articles. Weakly developed and not provided by the specialists of the technology transfer. At the early and advanced stages of a high-tech startup, the development barrier is a condition on the part of funding funds - the need to attract an equal share of private investment. Separate proposals for the activation of technology startups and technology transfer are given.
Primjena standardnih školskih slova u primarnome obrazovanju
Authors: Kolar Billege Martina , Vidović Valentina
Published: September 2020

Nastava početnoga čitanja i pisanja na hrvatskome jeziku
temelji se na prijenosu govorenoga modaliteta jezika u pisani uz preduvjet
razvoja fonološke svjesnosti. Poučavanje početnoga pisanja ostvaruje se s
pomoću standardnih školskih slova, normiranih Hrvatskim pravopisom Instituta za
hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje i obveznih za primjenu od 2014. godine u svim metodičkim
predlošcima za poučavanje u primarnome obrazovanju. Cilj je ovoga rada ispitati
u kojoj mjeri učenici četvrtih razreda osnovnih škola s područja Republike
Hrvatske (N = 354) odstupaju od standarda oblikovanja svakoga pojedinog slova i
povezivanja slova te ispitati je li u tekstovima učenika narušena čitljivost
slova. Statistički značajne razlike utvrđene su s obzirom na spol učenika i
godine radnoga staža učitelja. Rezultati su pokazali da dječaci statistički
značajno više odstupaju od standarda pisanja, kao i od povezivanja. Učenici
učitelja s više godina radnoga staža uglavnom su manje odstupali u pisanju standardnih
školskih slova nego učenici učitelja s manje godina radnoga staža. Čitljivost slova
u učeničkim radovima u većemu postotnom udjelu nije narušena.
The Prehistory of the Slavic Vowel System
Authors: Kortlandt Frederik
Published: September 2020

The methodological differences between Kapović and myself are threefold: (1) He disregards the chronological aspects of linguistic developments. As a result, he mixes up elements from different stages of development. (2) He disregards the linguistic system in which developments take place. As a result, he reconstructs typologically improbable linguistic systems. (3) He multiplies the input criteria of his rules in order to arrive at the correct output. The larger the number of input distinctions, the easier it becomes to generate any desired output. A combination of these devices renders his treatment opaque and confuses the issues at hand.
The Permissibility of Limiting Rights and Freedoms in the European and National Legal System Due to Health Protection
Authors: Tabaszewski Robert Krzysztof
Published: September 2020

The article concerns the permissibility of limiting human rights and freedoms in European and national systems due to the protection of individual and public health. The author's goal was to analyse the current practice of states in the application of human rights limitation clauses in the European system of human rights protection. This is an important issue because the practice of limitation and margin of appreciation enjoyed by the member states of the Council of Europe is subject to scrutiny by means of complaints addressed to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, which examines the correct application of individual limitation clauses contained in the 1950 Convention. Human health is one of the main prerequisites for which it is possible to limit other human rights and freedoms. In the context of numerous epidemiological threats and natural disasters of a cross-border nature, assessing rights and freedoms becomes one of the most important issues in the field of public international law, constitutional law and public health law. Against the background of existing solutions in the universal system, the practice of the member states of the European Union and the Council of Europe was examined by comparing it with the views of the doctrine and the results of my research.