bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STEREOTYPES IN YOUNG SERBS ABOUT CROATS AND BOSNIAKS PROVOKED BY COLLECTIVE MEMORY STIMULI
Authors: Karić Tijana , Mihić Vladimir , Ruiz Jiménez José Ángel
Published: January 2018

Not many studies have dealt with how Serbs from Serbia see Croats and Bosniaks in the light of the wars from 1990s. In our study, we used a quasi-experimental approach to assess the type of stereotypes provoked in Serbs, and their relationship to social distance and the national identity. The sample consisted of 66 participants of Serbian ethnicity, born between 1991 and 1995, who are residing in Serbia. The instruments included Social Distance Scale, National Identity Scale, socio-demographic questionnaire and a set of collective memory stimuli followed by a set of questions. As stimuli, we used shortened versions of collective memories as described by Ruiz Jiménez (2013), in order to set a context which referred to the 1990s wars. The results have shown that the described stimuli have impactneither on stereotypes nor on the social distance and the national identity of participants. However, the social distance is lower than in previous studies in the region, and Croats are consistently seen in more negative terms than Bosniaks and Serbs.
RACISMO CIENTÍFICO NO BRASIL PÓS-ESCRAVATURA
Authors: Santos Raquel Amorim
Published: January 2018

Este estudo analisa a difusão do racismo cientifico no Brasil, reconhecendo seu caráter estrutural. Reconhecê-lo desta forma significa perceber que Cor, raça e preconceito no Brasil compõe o plexo de concepções para o enfrentamento das questões raciais e de seus desdobramentos nocivos na formação de crianças e adolescentes, por meio da construção de uma nova forma de se pensar a formação da nação e da nacionalidade.  O estudo é de abordagem qualitativa com aplicação da pesquisa bibliográfica com base em Skidmore (2012), Schwarcz (1993), Guimarães (1999), Ianni (1962, 1978), Hasenbalg (2005), Munanga (2004), Hofbauer (2006), Costa (2006), entre outros. A análise aponta que o mestiço era admitido como elemento transitório que levaria a constituição de uma nação de brancos.

Palavras-chave: Racismo Científico. Raça. Pós-Escravatura
EFL Pre-Service Teachers’ Perceptions of CLIL
Authors: Tachaiyaphum Nutthida , Sukying Apisak
Published: January 2018

This study aims to investigate EFL pre-service teachers’ perceptions of CLIL concerning what CLIL is, what CLIL provides, what CLIL requires, who should implement CLIL, and where CLIL teachers should be trained. The participants were EFL pre-service teachers studying in the faculty of education, Mahasarakham University, Thailand. Questionnaires were used to collect the data after the introduction of CLIL. The findings revealed that most of the participants knew the notion of CLIL as they had taken the teacher training course. The majority of the participants viewed that CLIL provided the opportunities to integrate language into the content subjects. They believed that CLIL helps students develop both language skills and subject knowledge. However, it was revealed that the difficulties in CLIL implementation concerned content, a combination of culture to the lesson, and language (communication). The factors causing the difficulties were mainly related to teachers’ lack of content knowledge, students’ low English proficiency, and the difficult content interrelated to the technical vocabulary. Another factor directly related to CLIL was 4Cs integration into the lessons. It can be seen that although the EFL pre-service teachers have taken the CLIL training course, they still find CLIL difficult to apply and cannot make CLIL classes effective. The factors can be a guide to develop the CLIL training in order to produce qualified CLIL teachers. Content subject and language training, principles of 4Cs and of CLIL, as well as how to apply to the lessons should be highly emphasized in the training course.
The Identification, Management, and Control of Scabies in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Communities
Authors: Mettam Timothy
Published: January 2018

Background: Scabies is an unfortunately neglected tropical skin disease. Scabies occurs in Australia, however it is drastically more common amongst select socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Amongst these, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities are affected particularly severely, likely secondary to rampant overcrowding. Methods: This literature review has comprehensively explored the relevant evidence available since the year 2000. Objectives: The objective of this article is to provide updates on the identification, management, and control of scabies in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. The article also aims to reveal issues with these factors that may be contributing to the inflated prevalence of scabies amongst these groups. Conclusions: Diagnosis currently depends upon clinical examination, dermatoscopy, and skin scraping microscopy; all of which are prone to error. In Australia, topical permethrin remains first-line treatment, however resistance is developing. Other management aspects to consider are environmental measures and treating secondary infections. Scabies prevention is far more cost-effective than managing advanced individual cases, typically ensured through mass drug administration of permethrin or ivermectin. Sustained prevention can prove troublesome for some communities. In order to address the status of scabies as a neglected tropical disease, these issues must be managed first.
On the Stability of a Laminated Beam With Structural Damping and Gurtin-Pipkin Thermal Law
Authors: Liu Wenjun , Zhao Weifan
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we investigate the stabilization of a one-dimensional thermoelastic laminated beam with structural damping, coupled to a heat equation modeling an expectedly dissipative effect through heat conduction governed by Gurtin-Pipkin thermal law. Under some assumptions on the relaxation function g, we establish the well-posedness for the problem. Furthermore, we prove the exponential stability and lack of exponential stability for the problem. To achieve our goals, we make use of the semigroup method, the perturbed energy method and Gearhart-Herbst-Prüss-Huang theorem.
Progresses and Challenges of Ultrasonic Testing for Stress in Remanufacturing Laser Cladding Coating
Authors: Yan Xiaoling , Dong ShiYun , Xu BinShi , Cao Yong
Published: January 2018

Stess in laser cladding coating is an important factor affecting the safe operation of remanufacturing components. Ultrasonic testing has become a hot direction in nondestructive evaluation of stress, because it has the advantages of safety, non-destructive and on-line detection. This paper provides a review of ultrasonic testing for stress in remanufacturing laser cladding coating. It summarizes the recent research outcomes on ultrasonic testing for stress, analyzes mechanism of ultrasonic testing for stress. Remanufacturing laser cladding coating shows typical anisotropic behaviors, the ultrasonic testing signal in laser cladding coating is influenced by many complex factors, such as microstructure, defect, temperature and surface roughness, etc. At present, ultrasonic testing for stress in laser cladding coating can only be done roughly. The paper discusses active mechanism of micro / macro factors to the reliability of stress measurement and the impact of stress measurement to the quality and safety of remanufacturing components. Base on the discussion, the paper proposes strategies for acquisition of nondestructive, rapid and accurate measurement of stress in remanufacturing laser cladding coating.
Quantifying the Effects of Foliar-applied Calcium Chloride and Its Contribution to Postharvest Durability of Unrooted Cuttings
Authors: Samarakoon Uttara C. , Faust James E. , Dole John M.
Published: January 2018

Vegetatively propagated unrooted cuttings are typically imported to the United States from Central America. Death or damage of cuttings during shipping and propagation can be reduced if cuttings can be made more resistant to external forces, such as physical damage or pathogen infection. However, strategies to develop durable cuttings via treating stock plants have not been previously quantified in controlled studies. During the current study, mechanical strength of leaves and resistance to infection by Botrytis cinerea were evaluated after weekly applications of calcium chloride (CaCl2) as a foliar spray to stock plants that delivered calcium (Ca) at the concentrations of 0, 400, or 800 mg·L−1. A texture analyzer quantified the peak force required to fracture the leaf and the work of penetration,or area under the force–displacement curve, and these measurements were indicators of mechanical strength. For poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch) cuttings at the time of harvest from the stock plant, work of penetration increased by 10% with the application of 800 mg·L−1 Ca compared with the control, whereas peak force by 9%. For zonal geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum Bailey), work of penetration increased 15% with the application of 800 mg·L−1 Ca compared with the control. Calcium concentration in the leaves increased from 1.2% to 2.0% in geranium and from 1.0% to 1.6% in poinsettia with increasing application from 0 to 800 mg·L−1 Ca. In poinsettia, disease incidence in response to inoculation with B. cinerea spores was 55% and 15% less with CaCl2 applications compared with controls with water and surfactant, respectively, whereas CaCl2 application to geranium did not affect disease incidence.
Substrate Water Content Influences the Flowering of Doritaenopsis Queen Beer ‘Mantefon’
Authors: Rhie Yong Ha , Kang Seonghwan , Kim Jongyun
Published: January 2018

Automated irrigation systems based on soil moisture sensor measurements can reduce water and fertilizer use while adequately meeting plant water requirements. In this study, the effects of substrate volumetric water content (θ, v/v) on the flowering of 17-month-old Doritaenopsis Queen Beer ‘Mantefon’ (from the time of deflasking) were examined. The plants were transplanted in plastic pots (10.5 cm width × 9.5 cm height) filled with sphagnum moss and the θ of sphagnum moss was maintained at 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 m3·m−3 using an automated drip irrigation system. Plants grown at a θ threshold of 0.2 m3·m−3 had thinner leaves and lower SPAD value than those grown at higher θ thresholds. The net CO2 uptake of the uppermost fully expanded leaf increased with increasing θ between 0.2 and 0.4 m3·m−3, but there was no significant difference in the net CO2 uptake between plants grown at 0.4 and 0.5 m3·m−3 thresholds. The number of flower buds at the time of the first open flower was lower in plants grown at θ thresholds of 0.2 and 0.3 m3·m−3 as compared with that in the plants grown at 0.4 and 0.5 m3·m−3 thresholds. Early flower abscission, flower bud dropping, and flower senescence during the 2 weeks after flowering occurred in 55% and 30% of the plants at 0.2 and 0.3 m3·m−3 thresholds, respectively, whereas plants at θ thresholds of 0.4 and 0.5 m3·m−3 had negligible flower abscission. Although vegetative growth parameters were similar among θ thresholds of 0.3 m3·m−3 or higher, plants grown at a θ threshold of 0.3 m3·m−3 produced fewer flowers than those grown at 0.4 and 0.5 m3·m−3 thresholds. During the 83-day experimental period, the system irrigated the plants ≈0.79, 1.93, 2.46, and 2.84 L/pot at θ thresholds of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 m3·m−3, respectively. Overall, 0.4 m3·m−3 was considered to be an optimal threshold θ level for producing high-quality Doritaenopsis Queen Beer ‘Mantefon’ during the flowering period with most efficient water use.
High Efficiency Callus Induction and Regeneration of Solanum torvum Plants
Authors: Qin Ya-Long , Shu Xiao-Chun , Zhuang Wei-Bing , Peng Feng , Wang Zhong
Published: January 2018

Callus induction and plant regeneration play a key role in transgenic technology. Although much progress has been made with respect to eggplant, this type of research is insufficiently developed in Solanum torvum (a wild relative of eggplant), which contains a large number of resistance genes. Here, a high-efficiency regeneration system of S. torvum was established. Stem segments and leaves were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5–3.0 mg·L−1 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) and 0.1–0.6 mg·L−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The highest callus induction ratio (100%) was produced on MS + 1.0 mg·L−1 6-BA + 0.5 mg·L−1 NAA. The combination of 0.5 mg·L−1 BA and 1.0 mg·L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in MS medium (double microelement) was the best for plant regeneration. Well-developed shoots rooted on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg·L−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). These results will be helpful for functional verification of resistance genes from S. torvum and may be useful to those working in the field of eggplant breeding.
Pollinizer Efficacy of Several ‘Ingeborg’ Pear Pollinizers in Hardanger, Norway, Examined Using Microsatellite Markers
Authors: Gasi Fuad , Pojskić Naris , Kurtovic Mirsad , Kaiser Clive , Hjeltnes Stein Harald , Fotiric-Aksic Milica , Meland Mekjell
Published: January 2018

‘Ingeborg’ is currently the main commercial pear cultivar grown in Norway. However, fruit set and subsequent yields of this cultivar have proven to be variable and overall low averaging 10–20 t·ha−1. Pear seeds found in ‘Ingeborg’ fruits are often underdeveloped, suggesting that incomplete fertilization might be a major cause of poor fruit set. In some years, sporadically unfavorable environmental conditions during and immediately after pollination in Hardanger district, western Norway, have resulted in poor fruit set of ‘Ingeborg’. In this study, the pollinizer efficacy of several pollinizers, namely ‘Clara Frijs’, ‘Herzogin Elsa’, ‘Anna’, ‘Colorée de Juillet’, and ‘Belle lucrative’, from several orchards located in the Hardanger district was investigated using 12 microsatellite markers for two growing seasons (2014 and 2016). Pollinizer efficacy was estimated by genotyping ‘Ingeborg’, each individual pollinizer, as well as normally developed seeds from ‘Ingeborg’ fruit, and conducting gene assignment analyses to identify the pollen contribution from each of the pollinizer cultivars. In addition, S-allele genotyping was conducted, and only one pollinizer, ‘Anna’, was identified as being semicompatible with ‘Ingeborg’, whereas all other pollinizers were fully compatible. ‘Clara Frijs’ and ‘Belle lucrative’ were identified as the most efficient pollinizers probably because these cultivars were abundant compared with all other pollinizers within all, but one of the examined orchards. Higher yields could not be attributed to a particular pollinizer, and genetic effects associated with the triploid nature of ‘Ingeborg’ are most likely implicated as a cause behind the low and variable yield of this cultivar.
Optimal Rate of Organic Fertilizer during the Flowering Stage for Cannabis Grown in Two Coir-based Substrates
Authors: Caplan Deron , Dixon Mike , Zheng Youbin
Published: January 2018

In the expanding North American medical cannabis industry, growers lack reliable and systematically investigated information on the horticultural management of their crops, especially with regard to nutrient management and growing substrates. To evaluate organic substrates and their optimal nutrient management, five rates that supplied 57, 113, 170, 226, and 283 mg N/L of a liquid organic fertilizer (2.00N–0.87P–3.32K) were applied to container-grown plants [Cannabis sativa L. ‘WP:Med (Wappa)’] in two coir-based organic substrates. The trial was conducted in a walk-in growth chamber and the two substrates used were ABcann UNIMIX 2-HP (U2-HP) with lower container capacity (CC) and ABcann UNIMIX 2 (U2) with higher CC. U2-HP produced 11% higher floral dry weight (yield), 13% higher growth index (GI), 20% higher ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration, 57% higher THC yield (per plant), 22% higher Δ9-tetrahydrocannabidiolic acid (THCA) yield, and 20% higher cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) yield than U2. Increasing fertilizer rate led to increased growth and yield but also to a dilution of THC, THCA, and CBGA. In U2-HP, to maximize both yield and cannabinoid yield, the optimal organic fertilizer rates were those which supplied 212–261 mg N/L. For U2, the highest applied rate, that supplied 283 mg N/L, maximized yield; although lower rates delivered higher cannabinoid concentrations in dry floral material. The results on these substrates and recommended fertilizer rates can serve as a guide when using other organic fertilizers and substrates; although results may differ with cannabis variety.
Postbloom Thinning Response of ‘Bartlett’ Pears to Abscisic Acid
Authors: Arrington Matthew , Pasa Mateus S. , Einhorn Todd C.
Published: January 2018

Postbloom thinning of ‘Bartlett’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) is required to produce fruit of commercially acceptable size. In the Pacific Northwestern United States, low temperatures during early stages of pear fruitlet development often limit the efficacy of commercial thinning compounds. Hand thinning, therefore, remains the standard crop load management practice. Chemical thinning protocols are necessary to reduce the cost and dependence on hand labor. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) was evaluated over multiple years in several ‘Bartlett’ pear orchards. ABA was applied to whole canopies at variable rates (50–500 ppm) when fruit diameter was generally between 10 and 12 mm. In three of four trials, ABA thinned in a dose-dependent manner. The relative degree of thinning for a given dose, however, was inconsistent among trials. Trees treated with ABA had a higher proportion of blank and single-fruited spurs than the control. Net photosynthesis (Pn) of single leaves was reduced 75% to 90% within one day of ABA application but gradually returned to ≈80% of control levels within 7 days and fully recovered by ≈14 days. Slightly greater and longer lasting Pn inhibition occurred with increasing ABA dose. Fruit weight and return bloom generally increased with increasing ABA rate. Fruit quality, when measured, was unaffected by ABA treatments. Inconsistent thinning response with ABA may be attributed to environmental factors, biological factors, or both.
Morphological and Molecular Analyses of Reciprocal Hybrids between ‘Slim Whitman’ and ‘Pinza’, Two Narcissus pseudonarcissus Cultivars
Authors: Li Xi , Tang Dongqin , Shi Yimin
Published: January 2018

Narcissus pseudonarcissus, also known as daffodil, is a world-famous ornamental flower. In this study, for the first time, cross-pollinations between two widely cultivated N. pseudonarcissus varieties ‘Slim Whitman’ and ‘Pinza’ were performed. After eight consecutive years of cultivation, 27 reciprocal hybrids with different genotypes survived; 15 hybrids in ‘Slim Whitman’ × ‘Pinza’ and 12 in ‘Pinza’ × ‘Slim Whitman’. Twenty ornamental and agronomic characters were observed to evaluate the pattern and extent of genetic variability of the hybrids and relatedness with their parents. The hybrids showed great variation in most morphological characters compared with the parents, especially in leaf and flower characters. Hybrids SP03, SP04, SP05, SP12, SP13, PS04, PS06, PS07, PS08, and PS11 had evident growth advantage in some aspects compared with both parents. Of these hybrids, SP04 got novel flowers with white petals and an yellow-orange corona, and had the potential to become a new popular N. pseudonarcissus cultivar. Hybrids SP01, SP03, SP05, PS04, PS06, and PS07 also possessed a great ornamental value. Using cluster analysis based on morphological traits and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers, genetic relationships among the reciprocal cross hybrids and their parents were further analyzed. The 27 reciprocal hybrids and their parents grouped into divergent clusters, showing that there was rich genetic variation among the hybrids tested. This study will pave the way for hybridization breeding programs of N. pseudonarcissus.
Morphological and Physiological Responses of Ten Ornamental Taxa to Saline Water Irrigation
Authors: Liu Qiang , Sun Youping , Niu Genhua , Altland James , Chen Lifei , Jiang Lijuan
Published: January 2018

Because of limited supply of high-quality water, alternative water sources have been used for irrigation in water-scarce regions. However, alternative waters usually contain high salt levels, which can cause salt damage on salt-sensitive plants. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the relative salt tolerance of 10 common ornamental taxa to saline water irrigation. The 10 taxa studied were Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Orange Storm’ and ‘Pink Storm’ (Chaenomeles Double Take™); Diervilla rivularis ‘G2X885411’, ‘G2X88544’ (Diervilla Kodiak®, Black, Orange, and Red, respectively), and ‘Smndrsf’; Forsythia ×intermedia ‘Mindor’ (Forsythia Show Off®); Hibiscus syriacus ‘ILVOPS’ (Hibiscus Purple Satin®); Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Smhmtau’ and ‘Smnhmsigma’ (Hydrangea Let’s Dance® Blue Jangles® and Rave, respectively); and Parthenocissus quinquefolia ‘Troki’ (Parthenociss quinquefolia Red Wall®). Plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.2 dS·m−1 (control) or saline solutions at EC of 5.0 or 10.0 dS·m−1 (EC 5 or EC 10) eight times on a weekly basis. The results indicated that the 10 ornamental taxa had different morphological and physiological responses to salinity. The C. speciosa and D. rivularis plants in EC 5 had severe salt foliar damage, whereas those in EC 10 were dead. Hibiscus syriacus ‘ILVOPS’ performed well in EC 5 treatment with a shoot dry weight (DW) reduction of 26%, but those in EC 10 had severe foliar salt damage. Hydrangea macrophylla, F. ×intermedia ‘Mindor’ and P. quinquefolia ‘Troki’ were the most salt tolerant with minor foliar salt damage. The two H. macrophylla cultivars had the highest shoot sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) concentrations with a visual quality of 3 (scale 0 to 5 with 0 for dead plants and 5 for excellent performance), indicating that H. macrophylla plants adapted to elevated salinity by tolerating high Na and Cl concentrations in leaf tissue. Forsythia ×intermedia ‘Mindor’ and P. quinquefolia ‘Troki’ had relatively low leaf Na and Cl concentration, indicating that both taxa are capable of excluding Na and Cl. Chaenomeles speciosa and D. rivularis were sensitive to salinity with great growth reduction, severe foliar salt damage, and high Na and Cl accumulation in leaf tissue.
Chemical and Sensory Properties of Greenhouse Tomatoes Remain Unchanged in Response to Red, Blue, and Far Red Supplemental Light from Light-emitting Diodes
Authors: Dzakovich Michael P. , Gómez Celina , Ferruzzi Mario G. , Mitchell Cary A.
Published: January 2018

In addition to photosynthesis, light is a critical mediator of secondary metabolism in plants, signaling the production of potentially health-promoting phytochemicals and regulating the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can alter the sensory perception of a tomato. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are a viable way to test the effects of individual wavebands of light and are being quickly adopted by the greenhouse tomato industry. However, studies characterizing the effects of specific wavelengths of light or supplemental lighting on phytochemical content in general are lacking. We hypothesized that enriching the amount of supplemental blue and/or red light that tomatoes receive would positively affect the amount of carotenoids and phenolic compounds that accumulate in tomato fruits through cryptochrome and/or phytochrome-dependent signaling pathways. To test this hypothesis, we compared the chemical and sensory characteristics of tomatoes grown with overhead high-pressure sodium (OH-HPS) lamps to those grown with intracanopy (IC)-LEDs emitting different ratios of red, blue, and far red light. Tomatoes were profiled for total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, pH, total phenolics, and prominent flavonoids and carotenoids. Our studies indicated that greenhouse tomato fruit quality was only marginally affected by supplemental light treatments. Moreover, consumer sensory panel data indicated that tomatoes grown under different lighting treatments were comparable across the lighting treatments tested. Our research suggests that the dynamic light environment inherent to greenhouse production systems may nullify the effects of wavelengths of light used in our studies on specific aspects of fruit secondary metabolism.
Factors Affecting Relative Growth Rate of Lettuce and Spinach in Hydroponics in a Greenhouse
Authors: Gent Martin P.N.
Published: January 2018

Relative growth rate (RGR), the relative increase in weight per day, can analyze the effect of environment and nutrition on growth. I examined which of the parameters responding to plant growth scaled according to RGR for lettuce and spinach grown in heated greenhouses in hydroponics with control of the nutrient solution. The experiments for lettuce in 2006–08 included all times of year, high vs. low temperature, and effect of withdrawal of nitrogen. There were four parameters that were significant in multiple linear regression vs. RGR; irradiance divided by leaf area index if it was greater than one, or normalized daily light integral (NDLI), solution temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), and logarithm solution nitrate when it was between 3 and 55 mg·L−1 N. NDLI had the most significant coefficient, but the other parameters had regression coefficients more than three times se. For experiments on spinach in 2009–10, all the parameters mentioned previously were significant in multiple linear regression vs. RGR, except EC. The coefficient for NDLI in spinach was about half the value in lettuce. The coefficients for solution temperature and low nitrate were two and three times that in lettuce. In a third set of experiments on lettuce in 1996–98, solution temperature was the only significant parameter among those mentioned previously. The coefficient for solution temperature was similar to that for regression of lettuce in 2006–08.
Understanding How Large Metropolitan/Inner City, Urban Cluster, and Rural Students Perceive Food Systems
Authors: Bonnell Kory J. , Hargiss Christina L.M. , Norland Jack E.
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this research was to understand how students in different demographics in the state of Minnesota understand and perceive concepts relating to food systems. Schools within the demographic categories of large metropolitan/inner city, urban cluster, and rural areas were chosen to determine if perceptions and knowledge of students were dependent on the demographic in which they lived. A total of 204 students were surveyed using a variety of types of questions to address research objectives. Results indicate that students have a general understanding of food production and where their food comes from, but as food sources become more complex or items are less common, students become confused. Food access did vary, where rural students used gas stations more than their urban counterparts. Large metropolitan/inner city adolescents had higher occasional use of farmer's market/food stands which can be used as a way to start educational understanding about local foods. Students have a strong willingness to learn more about food systems and other environmental topics in school, but agree that they are not often receiving this interaction in the classroom. All demographics had low interest in local food and gardening, but rural students did have more access to these foods. Implications from this study can help researchers and educators understand students’ knowledge and perceptions about the food system, how they influence it, and how this changes across demographics.
THE IDEA OF THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION DEVELOPMENT IN THE EUROTOPIA PROJECT
Authors: Arapina S. V. , Suzev I. A.
Published: January 2018

The paper considers the possibility of alternative Europe integration development, such as the idea of the United Statelets of Europe, represented in the Eurotopia project. It focuses on the main stages of its implementation, development and origins. The latter includes the theory of size proposed by Austrian philosopher Leopold Kohr. This theory is based on the necessity of breakdowns of large national states and formation of statelets, such as Bohemia, Moravia, Bourgogne and others. Special attention is given to 1) the choice of people to represent the theory in public, e. g. such major European industrialists as Fritz Thyssen and Alfred Heineken, and 2) accurate selection of a moment suitable for this, for instance, 1941 and 1992. The paper features future possibilities for the theory of size and the Eurotopia project as a new concept of European integration development, as well as options for creating a suitable conjuncture.
PSYCHOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF EMOTIONAL-PERSONAL WELL-BEING
Authors: Karapetian L. V.
Published: January 2018

The matter of well-being is one of the most important theoretical and experimental areas in modern psychology. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign researches, the author differentiates the notion of subjective and psychological well-being, reveals their interrelationship and their correlates with both objective and subjective factors. With the aim of creating a holistic multidimensional construct that would combine subjective and personal well-being in the context of unity, the author introduces the concept of "emotional-personal well-being”. The paper introduces a research methodology of self-evaluation of personal and emotional well-being (SPEW), which identifies and analyzes the psychological correlates of the phenomenon. According to the research, emotional and personal well-being components differ from each other in their specific correlations, but remain independent definitions of the "emotionally-personal well-being” constructs. However, these components form a certain homogeneous consistency. The correlation between the SPEW index and the indicators of standard psychodiagnostical techniques allows one to examine the emotional and personal well-being as an integrative, multidimensional phenomenon characterized by its inclusion in the structure of mental reality.
REGIONAL PRACTICE OF STUDYING LOCAL HISTORY IN ALTAI MUSEUMS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1940s - FIRST HALF OF THE 1950s
Authors: Benevalenskaya E. N.
Published: January 2018

The subject of the study is the regularities and regional specifics, directions, forms and content of historical and regional studies of museum institutions in the context of the socio-cultural development of the Altai Territory during the first post-war decade. With the support of the theoretical and methodological developments of the new local history, the paper examines the transformation of the regional practice of studying local history in museums in the postwar years in connection with the changes in the socio-cultural landscape, political and ideological discourse. The article analyzes the key personalities and events that form the framework of the historical memory of the regional community in the period under consideration. It recreates the semantic structure of the image of the region constructed in the course of educational activities. It has been established that the post-war decade saw many prerequisites for the restoration of museum work in research, preservation and reproduction of local historical and cultural heritage. The strict regulation and standardization of the activities of these institutions in the context of the ideological campaign against "cosmopolitanism" promoted the propaganda of the achievements of Russian science and culture on the basis of local materials.
LINGUOPERSONOLOGICAL STRATEGIES OF TEXT PERCEPTION (CASE STUDY OF INTERNET COMMENTS TO POLITICAL DISCOURSE)
Authors: Mel'nik N. V. , Savel'eva I. V.
Published: January 2018

The paper presents a description of perceptive strategies employed by the authors of Internet comments to political discourse. The correlation of the news story and the comments is seen in the linguopersonological perspective. The online comments are generically secondary texts if referred to the political news story considered to be a primary text and hence, they reflect certain features of the primary text. The paper deals with the analysis of text perception, and the authors give a classification of the strategies according to perception mode (holist vs serialist strategies), perception level (rational vs irrational strategies) and perception type (impulse vs reflection strategies). The implementation of the strategies revealed is shown through the analysis of online comments on Russian news website “Ria” and English websites “The Guardian” and “The Independent”. The strategically constructed analysis of Internet comments to political discourse enables the authors to assume that within a single microtext the simultaneous implementation of two opposed strategies may sometimes occur due to the complex structure of a language person in general and a language person of internet commentator in particular.
ON THE MATTER OF THE WAGES OF FOREIGN PRISONERS OF WAR ON UDMURT ENTERPRISES IN 1942–1948
Authors: Perevoshchikov D. V.
Published: January 2018

The current research studies the wages of foreign prisoners of war (P.O.W.s) who worked in the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1942–1948. The paper contains the information about the pays to the P.O.W.s were transferred from the funds of the enterprises where they worked. The article analyses the level of P.O.W. wages, the dependence of the wages from the labour activities and the bonus that the P.O.W.s received for good performance. The paper contains the data on the average level of P.O.W. wages in Izhevsk and lists the kinds of labour activities where the P.O.W.s received the highest wages. The research is based on archival documents, most of which were involved in the scientific use for the first time.

It is highly unlikely that the P.O.W.s who were in Udmurtia in 1945–1948 starved since they could use their wages to buy additional provisions in the camp stalls and town shops.
Preparation of chitosan/amine modified diatomite composites and adsorption properties of Hg(II) ions
Authors: Fu Yong , Huang Yue , Hu Jianshe , Zhang Zhengjie
Published: January 2018

A green functional adsorbent (CAD) was prepared by Schiff base reaction of chitosan and amino-modified diatomite. The morphology, structure and adsorption properties of the CAD were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer Emmett Teller measurements. The effect of pH value, contact time and temperature on the adsorption of Hg(II) ions for the CAD is discussed in detail. The experimental results showed that the CAD had a large specific surface area and multifunctional groups such as amino, hydroxyl and Schiff base. The optimum adsorption effect was obtained when the pH value, temperature and contact time were 4, 25 °C and 120 min, respectively, and the corresponding maximum adsorption capacity of Hg(II) ions reached 102 mg/g. Moreover, the adsorption behavior of Hg(II) ions for the CAD followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model. The negative ΔG0 and ΔH0 suggested that the adsorption was a spontaneous exothermic process.
Removal of sulfate from wet FGD wastewater by co-precipitation with calcium hydroxide and sodium aluminate
Authors: Yu Jicheng , Lu Jia , Kang Yong
Published: January 2018

Chemical precipitation method was adopted to remove sulfate from wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater and mixtures of Ca(OH)2 (CH) and NaAlO2 (SA) were used as precipitants. The mechanisms of sulfate removal were explored according to the experimental and simulated results. These showed that three kinds of precipitations, which were gypsum, ettringite and co-precipitation onto aluminum hydroxides, were formed when sulfate in water reacted with CH and SA. The optimum operation condition for removing sulfate was that the molar ratio of CH/SA was 2, the initial pH value 5, the precipitant dosage 15 g/L, the reaction time 20 min, and the reaction temperature 55 °C. The sulfate was reduced from 4,881 mg/L to 784 mg/L under the optimized condition. In addition, the heavy metals and fluoride were also mostly removed. The post treatments of the supernatant illustrated that removal of sulfate from wet FGD wastewater by co-precipitation with CH and SA was a better choice.
Patient testing of a mobile health app and review of educational materials designed for gout patient self-management (Preprint)
Authors: Nguyen Amy Danh , Frensham Lauren J , Wong Michael XC , Meslin Sylvain MM , Martin Paige , Lau Annie Y , Baysari Melissa T , Day Richard O
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND

Gout is a form of chronic arthritis caused by elevated serum uric acid (SUA) and culminates in painful gout attacks. Effective uric acid-lowering therapies exist, however adherence is low. This is partly due to the lack of support for patients to self-manage their disease. Mobile health applications (apps) have been used in self-management of chronic conditions. However, not all are developed with patients, limiting their effectiveness.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to design an effective gout self-management app by collecting feedback from gout patients.

METHODS

Two mixed-methods studies were conducted. In Study 1, researchers developed a short educational video and written materials about gout management, designed to be embedded into an app. Six interviews and one focus group were held with gout patients to gather feedback on these materials. Usability testing in Study 2 involved additional gout patients using a pilot version of Healthy.me Gout, a gout self-management app, for two weeks. Following the trial, patients participated in an interview about their experiences using the app.

RESULTS

Patients viewed the gout educational material positively, appreciating the combined use of video, text and images. Patients were receptive to using a mobile app to self-manage their gout. Feedback about Healthy.me Gout was generally positive, with patients reporting that the tracking and diary features were most useful. Patients also provided suggestions for improving the app and educational materials.

CONCLUSIONS

These studies involved patients in the development of a gout self-management app. Patients provided insight to improve the app’s presentation and usability, and general lessons on useful features for chronic disease apps. Gout patients enjoyed tracking their SUA concentrations and gout attack triggers. These capabilities can be translated to self-management apps for chronic diseases that require monitoring of pathological values, medication adherence and/or symptoms. Future health app design should integrate patient input and be developed iteratively to address concerns identified by patients.
The Proscription of Terrorist Organisations in Australia
Authors: Lynch Andrew , McGarrity Nicola , Williams George
Published: January 2018

The proscription of organisations has long been a central feature of legal regimes aimed at the suppression of terrorism. Australia is no exception. Going back many decades, the Commonwealth government has sought to meet the threat of political violence through the proscription of related organisations. In the wake of the September 11 terrorist strikes against New York and Washington, renewed efforts were made for the proscription of organisations in many national jurisdictions (for example, the United Kingdom, United States and Canada) as well as at the international level (for example, through the United Nations and the European Union.

In Australia, the Commonwealth looked directly to the justifications offered by the United Kingdom’s Lord Lloyd of Berwick and Paul Wilkinson just a few years before. In their major Inquiry into Legislation Against Terrorism, Lord Lloyd and Wilkinson presented three principal rationales to explain the role of proscription in the prevention of terrorism: ease of proof; providing a basis for the criminalisation of fundraising and other activities of terrorist groups; and as a clear symbol of ‘public revulsion and reassurance that severe measures [are] being taken’.
The Principle of Legality and the Judicial Protection of Rights — Evans V New South Wales
Authors: Meagher Dan
Published: January 2018

This note will look at the litigation that arose in the lead-up to World Youth Day held in Sydney in July 2008. In Part II, the events that gave rise to Evans v New South Wales will be outlined and the reasons of the Full Court of the Federal Court for its decision briefly explained. The consequences of the Court applying the principle of legality in Evans — which lay at the heart of its reasoning and decision — will be explored in Part III. First, I will consider how it impacted upon the argument made by the applicants that the relevant legislation was invalid for infringing the implied freedom of political communication guaranteed by the Australian Constitution. And second, I will discuss whether the decision in Evans highlights a lacuna in the legal protection of freedom of expression in Australia — as some commentators have suggested — and whether a statutory charter of rights would remedy this. And finally, in Part IV, I will make some observations about the principle of legality and the judicial protection of rights more generally. Taken together, these observations lead me to conclude that the judicial role in the protection of rights in Australia may be best served through the application of the principle of legality rather than an interpretive obligation under a statutory charter of rights.
Parachuting in: War and Extra-Judicial Activity by High Court Judges
Authors: Wheeler Fiona
Published: January 2018

Reflecting on the involvement of High Court judges in extra-judicial activity, former Chief Justice Murray Gleeson recently observed that ‘[w]ar seems to create special cases’. The historical record confirms this assessment. While High Court judges have, in peacetime, periodically engaged in government work outside the courtroom, most instances of extra-judicial service by our top judges have occurred during war. Thus, it is only during World War I that members of the Court have conducted Royal Commissions. In 1915, Justice George Rich inquired into the controversy – long forgotten today, but a source of much public concern at the time – over conditions at the Liverpool Military Camp, near Sydney. More surprisingly, in 1918 – only months after the Australian people had, for the second time in little over a year, rejected conscription at referendum – Chief Justice Sir Samuel Griffith inquired into the recruitment levels needed to sustain the Australian Imperial Force. By contrast, between the wars, the Court received many requests from the Commonwealth Government for a judge to serve as Royal Commissioner. These requests were uniformly refused.
Participation and Constitutionalism
Authors: Cane Peter
Published: January 2018

This essay addresses two related questions: is participation by citizens in administrative decision-making constitutionally regulated? And if so, to what extent and in what circumstances? Obviously, answers to these questions may vary from one constitutional system to another. The limited aim of the essay is briefly to survey some of those answers and suggest how they might be explained. I will not attempt to state comprehensively the relevant law of any jurisdiction, but I will draw illustrations and examples from several. Nor (for reasons of space) will I tackle any of the underlying theoretical, empirical and practical questions about the functions, effects, costs and benefits of participation and its constitutional regulation. Nevertheless, the essay’s modest objective is worth pursuing in order to provide a clear analytical framework for consideration of such questions. Much of the very large literature on participation does not expressly advert to its constitutional regulation.
Judiciaries in Crisis — Some Comparative Perspectives
Authors: Lee H P
Published: January 2018

The well known writings and other contributions of Professor Zines on the High Court's interpretation of Australia’s Constitution and public law generally have justly earned him the admiration and deep respect of eminent jurists both within Australia and abroad. His interests extended to courts in other western liberal democracies.

In a book based on a series of lectures delivered at the University of Cambridge under the auspices of the Smuts Memorial Fund, Professor Leslie Zines ventured into a comparative study of, inter alia, the role of the courts in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. He noted that Canada, Australia and New Zealand share the common feature of the perplexing difficulty of pin-pointing an exact date when these countries obtained their independence from Britain. In other countries which were former British colonies, the date of independence could largely be identified by the date when the Union Jack was lowered and a new national flag was unfurled.
THE ROLE OF MATRIX TABLET IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: Mondal Nita
Published: January 2018

Matrix tablet is an important tool for controlled and sustained release dosage forms. The oral route remains the most common route for the administration of drugs. Tablets offer the lowest cost approach to sustained and controlled release dosage forms. The hydrophilic polymer matrix is widely used in this dosage form. The use of different polymers in controlling the release of drugs has become the most important tool in the formulation of matrix tablets. The drug releases by both dissolution-controlled as well as diffusion-controlled mechanisms from the matrix. The development of oral controlled release systems has been a challenge to formulation scientists due to their inability to restrain and localize the system at targeted areas of the gastrointestinal tract. There are several advantages of matrix devices including improved patient compliance due to less frequent drug administration, reduction of fluctuation in steady-state drug levels, maximum utilization of the drug, increased safety margin of a potent drug. This review aims on the discussion of different materials used to prepare matrix tablets, different types of matrix tablets and the drug release mechanism from the matrices.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROPOLIS FLUORIDE APPLICATION IN INHIBITING DENTAL CARIES ACTIVITY IN SCHOOL CHILDREN AGE 6-9 YEARS OLD
Authors: Darwita Risqa Rina , Finisha Andalina Rhukul , Wahyuni Hardiati Nur , Ghina Salsabila , Muhammad Rajiv , Satyanegara Andy , Setiawati Febriana , Adiatman Melissa
Published: January 2018

Objective: To obtain the effectiveness of propolis fluoride application in inhibiting dental caries activity. Methods: The study was included 170 children aged 6–9 years old with active dentinal carries surface was 532 tooth surfaces, all of 532 tooth surface will applicate use propolis fluoride in school children at primary school SD Kukusan. Evaluation of the amount of dentinal caries lesion that has been arrested was conducted after 1 month, 2 months, and 4 months after topical application. Results: After propolis fluoride applicated shows, that the activated process caries of dentinal caries lesion after 1 month was found in 104 tooth surfaces, 2 months were 115 tooth surfaces, and after 4 months evaluated were found significant increase to be 226 tooth surfaces on dentinal caries activated from 2nd to 4th month after application propolis fluoride (p<0.01). The percentages of arrested caries in, respectively, for 1st month after the application is 99.80%, 2nd month application is 78.32%, and in the 4th month is 57.52% while the score plaque of school children was decline significantly until 36.5% (p<0.05) after 4 months intervention by tooth brushing every week at school. Conclusion: The application of propolis fluoride is effective in inhibiting dentinal caries lesion activity, has the advantage of making no black discoloration to the teeth.