bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHRISTIAN BOLTANSKI’NİN SANATINDA ÖLÜMDEN ARDA KALAN: ANIT, ARŞİV VE HAFIZA
Authors: Özkan Özlem , Öz Oğulcan
Published: November 2023

Tarihsel süreçte XX. yüzyıla bakıldığında, pek çok açıdan dünya tarihine yön verecek olaylara sahne olduğu görülmektedir. Özellikle, iki büyük dünya savaşı ve bu süreçte yaşanan Yahudi Soykırımı, hafıza ve ölüm kavramlarının sanatçılar tarafından yeniden sorgulanmasına ve bu bağlamda birçok sanatsal üretimin gerçekleşmesine yol açmıştır. Fransız sanatçı Christian Boltanski de çocukluk yıllarındaki bu dönemin etkilerini çalışmalarında ortaya koyan önemli sanatçılardan biri olmuştur. Hafıza, ölüm, kayıp, varlık ve yokluk gibi kavramlar üzerine yoğunlaşan sanatçı, insana dair ölümden, diğer bir deyişle yok olandan arda kalanlar bağlamında oluşturduğu yerleştirmelerinde; ikinci el kıyafetler, anıt ve arşiv serilerinde manipüle edilmiş fotoğraflar ve farklı kişilere ait kalp atışlarının kayıtlarını kullanır. Hafıza ve anma ritüeli ile de ilgili olan bu çalışmalar, izleyeni varlık ve yokluk üzerine sorgulamaya teşvik ederken duygusal anlamda da etki altına alır. Anıt, arşiv ve hafıza bağlamında Boltanski’nin sanatına geniş açılı bir perspektifle yaklaşılması amaçlanan bu çalışmada, geniş bir kaynak yelpazesinden faydalanılarak alanla ilgili literatüre de katkı sağlanması hedeflenmiştir.
ORTA ÇAĞ'DA DOĞA ve BİTKİ TEMSİLLERİ: MAHLUKATNAMELERDEN HERBARYUMLARA GEÇİŞ
Authors: Kiriş  Büyükgüner Huri , Savçın Emine Begüm
Published: November 2023

Makale, doğa ve bitkilerin Orta Çağ'dan Rönesans'a kadar olan temsilindeki değişimleri incelemektedir. Özellikle, antik kaynaklardan ilham alan mahlukatnamelerden bitki kitaplarına ve bilimsel botanik çalışmalarına doğru olan dikkate değer geçişi odak noktasına almaktadır. Makale bu dönüşümü şekillendiren kültürel, sosyal ve entelektüel faktörlerin araştırmakta ve etkilerini açıklığa kavuşturmaktadır. Ayrıca, bu dönemde bitkilerin tasvirinde kullanılan tekniklerin ve görsel dilin evrimini analiz edilmektedir. Bitki temsiline daha sistemli bir yaklaşım olan botanik kitaplarının ortaya çıkışını araştırmakta ve bu dönemin büyüyen bilimsel eğilimini yansıtılmaktadır. Antik algılama biçimlerinden paradigmatik bir değişimin ortaya çıktığı ve sembolik, alegorik ve dini anlamların bilimsel gözlem biçimleri içinde çözüldüğü ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu görsel dönüşüm, seküler dünyanın inşasında önemli bir rol oynayarak, zaman içinde doğadan elde edilen bilginin yavaşça süzülmesine katkıda bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma, doğa ve bitkilerin temsili alanında gerçekleşen kültürel, entelektüel ve görsel dönüşümleri daha derinlemesine anlamamıza katkıda bulunan bir inceleme sunmaktadır.
TOPLUMCU GERÇEKÇİLİK VE MÜZİK: ŞOSTAKOVİÇ’İN CAZ ORKESTRASI İÇİN SUİT NO. 1 ve 2'DEN VALS ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Fışkın Ümit
Published: November 2023

Sovyet Komünist Partisi 1932’den itibaren, Lenin’in “sanat halka aittir” yaklaşımıyla sanatçıların 19. yüzyıl ‘gerçekçilik’ bağlamında yapıt üretmesini istemiştir. Zamanla Toplumcu Gerçekçilik akımına dönüşen bu yaklaşım sanatçılar üzerinde önemli derecede etkili olmuştur. Bu etkinin izleri Şostakoviç’te Caz Orkestrası İçin Suit No. 2, Vals (1938) (Vals 2) yapıtında görülür. Op. 38a Caz Orkestrası İçin Suit No. 1, Vals (1934) (Vals 1) yapıtındaki ana temanın varyasyonunu, Vals 2’de tekrar kullanmıştır. İki vals arasında tema, armonik ilerleyiş ve akora yabancı sesler arasında belirgin farklar vardır. Vals 1’de soprano hattında yoğun kromatizm ve armonik ilerleyişte sık sık modülasyon gözlenir. Vals 2’de soprano hattında daha sade bir ezgi yapısı ve modülasyonun az olduğu görülür. Bu doğrultuda çalışmamızın amacı Şostakoviç’in Op. 38a Caz Orkestrası İçin Suit No.1, Vals ve Caz Orkestrası İçin Suit No. 2, Vals yapıtlarını Toplumcu Gerçekçilik bağlamında karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektir. Problemimiz devlet politikasının sanatçı ve müzikal üretim üzerinde ne ölçüde etkili olduğudur. Bu doğrultuda Şostakoviç’in Toplumcu Gerçekçilik yaklaşımını nasıl ele aldığı Op. 38a Caz Orkestrası İçin Suit No.1, Vals ve Caz Orkestrası İçin Suit No. 2, Vals örneği üzerinden değerlendirilecektir. Çalışmada form analizi, fonksiyon ve armoni analizi yapılacaktır. Analizde Fransız şifrajı kullanılmıştır. Şostakoviç Vals 2’de Toplumcu Gerçekçilik prensiplerini sağlamak için armonik ilerleyiş bağlamında çok fazla modülasyona yer vermez. Motif ve tema kurgusunda ses sınırlarını daraltmış, tema ve motif tekrarlarıyla akılda kalıcılık sağlamıştır.
Private healthcare sector spine surgery: patient and surgeon profiles from a large open medical scheme in South Africa
Authors: Mann T , Vlok I , Dunn R N , Miseer S , Davis J
Published: November 2023

Background

It is generally understood that the profile of spine surgery varies by setting, based on factors such as the age profile of the population, the economic context and access to healthcare. Relatively little is known about the profile of spine surgery in South Africa, although one previous report from the public healthcare sector suggested a high burden of trauma and infection-related surgery. To our knowledge, there has been no formal investigation in the private sector. A holistic understanding of spine surgery within our setting may be beneficial for applications such as resource allocation and informing the training needs of future specialists.

 

Objectives

To provide insight into spinal surgery in the South African private healthcare sector by describing spine surgery characteristics within a large open medical scheme, including both patient and surgeon profiles.

 

Methods

This retrospective review included adult inpatient spine surgeries funded by the largest open medical scheme in South Africa between 2008 and 2017. An anonymized dataset extracted from the scheme records included patient demographics, ICD-10 codes, procedure codes and surgeon specialization. Descriptive patient and surgery data were presented. Furthermore, the association between patient and surgery factors and surgeon specialization was investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses.

 

Results

A total of 49,576 index spine surgeries were included. The largest proportion of surgeries involved members 40-59 years old (n=23,543, 48%), approximately half involved female members (n=25,293, 51%) and most were performed by neurosurgeons (n=35,439, 72%). At least 37,755 (76%) surgeries were for degenerative pathology, 2,100 (4%) for trauma and 242 (0.5%) for infection. Adjusted risk ratios (aRR) significantly associated with orthopaedic surgeon specialization included cervical spine region aRR = 0.49 (95% C.I. 0.39-0.61), trauma aRR = 1.50 (95% C.I. 1.20-1.88), deformity aRR = 1.77 (95% C.I. 1.33-2.35) and blood transfusion aRR = 1.46 (95% C.I. 1.12-1.91).

 

Conclusion

Spine surgery in South Africa’s largest open medical scheme was dominated by surgery for degenerative pathology in older adults and was performed largely by neurosurgeons. This constituted a stark contrast to a previous report from the public sector and highlighted a mismatch between exposure during public sector registrar training and private practice post-specialization. The findings support the need for private-public collaboration as well as the importance of spine fellowships for all specialists intending to practice spine surgery.
Des dormeurs confiés à nos regards. Figurer et éprouver la sociabilité paradoxale du sommeil
Authors: Bui Camille
Published: November 2023

Cet article interroge la manière dont les images photographiques et filmiques peuvent constituer un moyen de représenter la relation entre dormeur et veilleur, mais aussi devenir le médium de la confiance qui les lie. Les mises en scène du sommeil étendent au tiers à qui elles s’adressent le lien éthique — réel ou imaginaire — qui joint dormeur et veilleur, et, de cette façon, invitent à renouveler les métaphores du spectateur comme rêveur ou voyeur.
Do Humans Dream of Electric Ads?
Authors: Darnov Doron
Published: November 2023

Responding to Molson Coors’ 2021 attempt to implant commercials into the dreams of sleeping consumers, I explore how emerging forms of “targeted dream incubation” threaten to transform sleep from a condition of economic refuge into a state of intensified exposure to “24/7” rhythms of economic engagement. More specifically, I argue that developing research in “dream engineering” shifts contemporary relationships to sleep by suggesting that the time we spend asleep might become even more suitable to imposed procedures of economic production and consumption than time spent awake. Rather than re-affirming a fundamental incompatibility between sleep and capitalism, I argue that targeted dream incubation anticipates a future in which capitalism incorporates and exploits sleep as a novel frontier of economic optimization.
Ingénierie de la formation et développement professionnel des enseignants. Ressorts et conditions d’un renouveau au prisme du comparatisme
Authors: Malet Régis , Le Coz Alice
Published: November 2023

La notion de développement professionnel continu (DPC) des enseignants conjugue des enjeux de formation, de reconnaissance et d’efficacité professionnelles. Nous interrogeons dans cet article les conditions et les effets de la mise en oeuvre de politiques de DPC aux niveaux international et national, avant d’examiner de façon comparative des offres concrètes de formation de DPC dans deux académies en France. Nous cherchons à dégager certaines conditions du renouvellement des dispositifs d’ingénierie de la formation continue des enseignants et, plus largement, de documenter des enjeux contemporains majeurs pour la profession enseignante : attractivité́, reconnaissance, renouvellement, mobilité et développement professionnel.
Single cell RNA sequencing unravels the transcriptional network underlying zebrafish retina regeneration
Authors: Celotto Laura , Rost Fabian , Machate Anja , Bläsche Juliane , Dahl Andreas , Weber Anke , Hans Stefan , Brand Michael
Published: November 2023

In the lesioned zebrafish retina, Müller glia produce multipotent retinal progenitors that generate all retinal neurons, replacing lost cell types. To study the molecular mechanisms linking Müller glia reactivity to progenitor production and neuronal differentiation, we used single cell RNA sequencing of Müller glia, progenitors and regenerated progeny from uninjured and light-lesioned retinae. We discover an injury-induced Müller glia differentiation trajectory that leads into a cell population with a hybrid identity expressing marker genes of Müller glia and progenitors. A glial self-renewal and a neurogenic trajectory depart from the hybrid cell population. We further observe that neurogenic progenitors progressively differentiate to generate retinal ganglion cells first and bipolar cells last, similar to the events observed during retinal development. Our work provides a comprehensive description of Müller glia and progenitor transcriptional changes and fate decisions in the regenerating retina, which are key to tailor cell differentiation and replacement therapies for retinal dystrophies in humans.
Niños y niñas en la conciencia lingüística decimonónica. Un caso de activación del “universo sociolingüístico genérico” en la tradición discursiva escolar
Authors: Sancha Vázquez Julian
Published: November 2023

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo explorar las actitudes de los hablantes de español en la prensa decimonónica en relación con el desdoblamiento de género y la denominación de los y las infantes. Hechos históricos como la segregación por sexo en las escuelas, así como la necesidad pragmático-discursiva de los hablantes de apelar a su sexo, podrían estar detrás del fenómeno. Este siglo resultó ser un marco interesante donde situar el tema a través del concepto de “tradiciones discursivas” y sobre el que concretar un pequeño corpus de estudio en textos donde se visualizaba este fenómeno. Con este propósito, se ha acuñado un nuevo instrumento metodológico amparado en los postulados de la sociolingüística cognitiva, el “universo sociolingüístico genérico”, en el que esta estrategia discursiva podría tener un espacio donde ser explorada.
Benefits of visual management in the automotive industry
Authors: Do Rosário Marcelo Nunes , Reis José Salvador da Motta , De Almeida Maria da Glória Diniz , Sampaio Nilo Antonio de Souza , De Barros José Glênio Medeiros
Published: November 2023

With the aim of providing adequate information for efficient decision-making, as well as clear instructions to speed up understanding of the status of processes and enable tasks to be carried out correctly, helping to improve the work performance of employees, a technique known as visual management has been developed. Its main objective is to improve quality and productivity at work by optimizing internal operational routines and helping to make companies more competitive. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to highlight the benefits that the adoption of visual management has brought to a heavy vehicle automotive industry. By applying concepts related to visual management, with a focus on meeting the deadlines involved in vehicle updating and modernization projects, the aim was to improve results by developing and integrating the model's own instruments into the production sector responsible. Para isso, foram adaptadas técnicas e ferramentas, sob a abordagem da gestão visual, de maneira a se obter redução nos prazos de produção e, como consequência, a melhoria da produtividade no trabalho. The results achieved showed an improvement in the management of operational activities in the sector, as well as greater compliance with the production deadlines set by the company, helping to increase the sustainability and competitiveness of its industrial operations.
Pilomatricoma with Osseous Metaplasia in the Shoulder Joint: A Common Lesion with Rare Differentiation
Authors: Mir Khan Sanober Muzammil , Sonwane Bharat , Wane Vijaya
Published: November 2023

Pilomatricoma, also known as calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, is a tumour that shows differentiation towards hair cortex cells. It was first described by Malherbe and Chenantais in 1880. It most commonly occurs in the first two decades of life, with a female preponderance, and accounts for 1% of all benign skin lesions. Pilomatricoma undergoes calcification and ossification, but ossification is rare and poorly documented. The head and neck region, as well as the upper extremities, are the most common sites. Here, the authors present a rare case of pilomatricoma with osseous metaplasia in a 15-year-old male who presented with shoulder swelling for one year. The patient had a firm to hard, mobile swelling over the right shoulder, which was not fixed to the overlying skin or underlying structures. Clinically, calcified epidermal cysts were considered. Excision was performed in a minor operation theatre, and the specimen was sent for histopathological examination. On gross examination, the specimen was a firm to hard, globular 1×0.8 cm tissue that was difficult to cut. Microscopic examination revealed a lesion composed of two types of epithelium: inner shadow cells and outer basophilic cells. Bony trabeculae with osteocyte rimming were present around the shadow cells, and giant cells were also observed. Based on the histopathological examination, the diagnosis of pilomatricoma with osseous metaplasia was made. The patient was discharged after one week and followed-up for three months, during which satisfactory wound healing and no local recurrence were observed. Pilomatricoma with osseous metaplasia should be considered as a differential diagnosis when a patient presents with a firm to hard nodule.
Epidemiology of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of Minor Salivary Glands: A Single-Institution Experience in Mumbai, Maharashtra over 20 Years
Authors: Maraimalai Nivedhitha , Kanakamma Renju , Chettiankandy Tabita Joy , Sardar Manisha Ahire , Trimukhe Akshay C , Tadvi Salma , Ganesan Shrijha , Karwa Harsha
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Encountering a soft tissue swelling in the oral cavity during routine dental practice is infrequent yet practical. Salivary gland tumours of the oral mucosa are associated with minor salivary glands, although they are uncommon and can be considered as a differential diagnosis. Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (MEC) constitutes a significant percentage of salivary gland tumours of minor salivary glands and exhibits varied biological behaviour. Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical and histological characteristics of MEC of the minor salivary glands to comprehend the epidemiological pattern of these tumours and compare the findings with those of other studies. Materials and Methods: For this cross-sectional study, data on salivary gland tumours were accessed from the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, archives spanning from 2003 to 2022 (a 20-year period). Out of the 22 reported cases of salivary gland tumours, 12 cases were identified as MEC. Clinical details and slides of these MEC cases were obtained from the departmental archives and graded according to Brandwein MS grading. The patients’ clinical features were described through descriptive analysis using SPSS software. Results: Based on gender distribution, there were 8 (66.66%) females and 4 (33.33%) males. The age distribution of the patients revealed that the maximum number of patients (n=4, 33.33%) belonged to the 4th decade of life. The site involvement, in ascending order, included the palate (n=10; 83.83%), alveolus (n=1), and upper anterior gingiva (n=1). Regarding laterality, 7 (58.33%) cases were on the right-side, and 5 (41.66%) were on the left-side of the palate. Conclusion: The study found that females in their 4th decade were commonly affected, with the palate being the most commonly affected site. MEC is one of the common differential diagnosis to consider, and its aggressiveness and treatment planning are related to histological grading. Therefore, epidemiological studies from different parts of the globe are needed to provide a better understanding of the lesion’s biological behaviour, common sites, gender, and age predilection.
Evaluation of Physical, Anti-nutritional and Optimisation of Milling Characteristics of Quinoa Grains for Sustainable Food Security
Authors: Kumar Mahendra , Singh Alpana , Upadhyay Anubha , Thakur R. S.
Published: November 2023

Quinoa is a popular pseudo-cereal belonging from Andean region of South America. Post-harvest processing of quinoa plays important role in product development, further processing storage and shelf life extension of grains. The aim of present study was evaluation of physical properties, anti-nutritional factors of quinoa and quinoa grain were milled in order to investigate milling yield, milling loss, broken quinoa and head quinoa as the effect of milling in pearling. Post-harvest processing of quinoa was done in the form of pearling after dehulling process and obtained intermediate products. Pearling process of quinoa was done for a constant period of 5 minutes and different milling proportions were evaluated under different runs of the machine. In this study, thousand seed weight of quinoa grain observed about 2.50 to 2.58g in different runs. True density of quinoa ranged between 990 kg/cm3 (Max.) to 983 kg/cm3 (Min.) whereas bulk density of quinoa was stated between 680 to 691 Kg/cm3. Porosity of quinoa showed between 0.302 to 0.308. Saponin content in quinoa samples varied between 3.02 and 3.05% whereas phytin was found about 0.81 to 0.93%. Obtained results also showed L and b value increased after processing while a value decreased. Results obtained from processing showed that husk percentage found maximum as 19.01% whereas highest broken quinoa proportion was 23.63%. It was also observed that highest milling yield or recovery percentage was 63.58% while maximum milling loss recorded as 40.63%. Furthermore, the influence of pearling on the milling characteristics of quinoa were investigated. The milling fractions can be used to obtain new bread products with improved nutritional profiles.
Effect of Frequency and Rate of Zinc Application on Nodulation, Chlorophyll Content, Yield, and Quality of Soybean Grown in a Vertisol of Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Kachhi S. , Tagore G. S. , Yadav Shailu
Published: November 2023

Zinc (Zn) fertilizer is commonly used in nutrient intensively cultivated deficient soils of central, India. Zn is a structural components of plants. However, little is known, on optimum dose of Zn especially in a vertisol of Jabalpur district. This study was required to find out Zn dose for sustainable productivity and maintenance of soil fertility. The study comprised of three frequency levels, Zn application in 1st year only, Zn application in alternate year, and Zn application in every years and five rates of Zn, (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 kg Zn ha-1) was applied in Kharif season. The result of analysis revealed that the highest symbiotic traits viz., nodule number of 36.78, fresh and dry weight (1.09 and 0.31 g plant-1) were found with application of 5 kg Zn ha-1 at 45 DAS at alternate year. The highest SPAD score of 44.98 and relative water content of 62.41 % was recorded with 5 kg Zn ha-1 at 60 DAS and found significant at alternate year. The Zn addition @ 5.0 kg ha⁻¹ through ZnSO4.7H2O to soybean in alternate year which increased by 1.28 to 1.53 (19.53 %) over only single year Zn addition. This was the best practice in a typic haplusterts as it resulted in an average production of 1.54 t ha-1 of seed yield ha⁻¹ over no zinc application (1.24 t ha-1) which increased by 24.19 %. The zinc application improved quality of seed in terms of oil and protein over control. So it was concluded that Zn application at alternate year and 5 kg Zn ha-1 for increasing yield and quality of soybean in a vertisol of Jabalpur district.
Effects of Bee Bread on Serum Lipid Profile in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Female Rats
Authors: Bello M. , Umar Z. U. , Mainasara A. S. , Akuyam S. A. , Dallatu M. K. , Oduola T. , Yeldu M. H. , Tambuwal B. U. , Okafor P. A. , Abubakar U. , Ibrahim Y. , Maiturare H M. , Hassan B. A.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) represents one of the most frequent public health problems with increasing prevalence worldwide. This condition is caused by increased hepatic glucose production, lower insulin secretion, and impaired insulin action. Subsequently, the lipid is used as an alternative resource of cellular energy, resulting in abnormalities of lipid metabolism.

Aim: To determine effects of Bee Bread on Serum Lipid Profile in Alloxan Induced Diabetic rats

Methodology: A total thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped in to five. Gp1: Non-DM, Gp2: DM Naïve, Gp3: DM + 200BB, Gp4: DM + 400BB and Gp5: DM + Metformin. Animals were induced with DM following single injection of freshly prepared alloxan in normal saline. Animals were treated for three weeks before they were sacrificed using chloroform sedation. Blood samples were collected for Serum Lipid Profile analysis.

Results: When compared, Serum TC, TG, and LDL-C were significantly higher in the DM group compared to Non-DM, BB administered and DM + Metformin groups.

Reduction in these lipids was achieved with the administration of Bee Bread. HDL-C was significantly lower in the DM group, compared to other groups. The study revealed improvements in serum HDL-C with the administration of Bee Bread.

Conclusion: Bee Bread causes reduction in lipids and improves HDL-C in Diabetic Rats.
Feasibility of Efficient Pyrolysis of Wood Chips and its Product Yield in Developing Countries
Authors: Nzihou Jean Fidele , Girod Pierre , Hamidou Salou , Rogaume Yann , Segda Bila Gerard , Ouattara Frederic
Published: November 2023

This paper is about the feasibility of combustibles gases like methane, ethane and carbon monoxide production from wood pyrolysis. This first laboratory experimental stage objective was to see what products can be obtained from wood pyrolysis in absence of oxygen and presence of nitrogen. The effect of temperature on the product yields was investigated. Products were characterized using gas-chromatography.  We found that products of wood pyrolysis for temperatures of 700, 800, 900, 1000 and 1100°C were char, CO2 and combustibles gases like CH4, C2H2, CO and tar. NH3 was not found in the produced gases.

In our study, condensable gases were not recovered and quantified. A gas condenser would have been necessary inserted for this purpose at the outlet of the pyrolysis reactor before routing the gases to the mass spetrograph. This study show that char production decrease from 17.08% at 700°C on the weight basis to 12.95% at 1100°C. Gases and tar production decrease, going from 82.92% at 700 °C on the weight basis to 87.05% at 1100°C. Carbone dioxide production also increase with temperature. It is the biggest part of produced gases of the wood pyrolysis gases representing an average weight proportion of 6.99% of the initial wood. Carbone monoxide yield is almost constant, around 1.6% at 800, 900 and 1000°C thought its yield at 700°C was found slightly higher accounting for 2.29% weight of the initial wood. Ethylene (C2H4) is only produced in small amount compared to others combustibles gases like methane and carbon monoxide. Its proportion which was observed almost constant, around 0.14% on the weight basis in respect to the initial wood chips weight from 700 to 900°C dropped to 0.02% at 1000°C. Methane (CH4) is produced in weight basis proportions of 2.55% which remain almost constant from 700 to 1000°C.
Screening, Referral, Behavioral Counseling, and Preventive Interventions for Oral Health in Children and Adolescents Aged 5 to 17 Years
Authors: Chou Roger , Bougatsos Christina , Griffin Jessica , Selph Shelley S. , Ahmed Azrah , Fu Rongwei , Nix Chad , Schwarz Eli
Published: November 2023

Importance

Dental caries is common in children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years and potentially amenable to primary care screening and prevention.

Objective

To systematically review the evidence on primary care screening and prevention of dental caries in children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Data Sources

MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (to October 3, 2022); surveillance through July 21, 2023.

Study Selection

Diagnostic accuracy of primary care screening instruments and oral examination; randomized and nonrandomized trials of screening and preventive interventions and systematic reviews of such studies; cohort studies on primary care oral health screening and preventive intervention harms.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

One investigator abstracted data; a second checked accuracy. Two investigators independently rated study quality. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed for fluoride supplements and xylitol; for other preventive interventions, pooled estimates were used from good-quality systematic reviews.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Dental caries, morbidity, functional status, quality of life, harms; diagnostic test accuracy.

Results

Three systematic reviews (total 20 684 participants) and 19 randomized clinical trials, 3 nonrandomized trials, and 1 observational study (total 15 026 participants) were included. No study compared screening vs no screening. When administered by dental professionals or in school settings, fluoride supplements compared with placebo or no intervention were associated with decreased change from baseline in the number of decayed, missing, or filled permanent teeth (DMFT index) or decayed or filled permanent teeth (DFT index) (mean difference, −0.73 [95% CI, −1.30 to −0.19]) at 1.5 to 3 years (6 trials; n = 1395). Fluoride gels were associated with a DMFT- or DFT-prevented fraction of 0.18 (95% CI, 0.09-0.27) at outcomes closest to 3 years (4 trials; n = 1525), fluoride varnish was associated with a DMFT- or DFT-prevented fraction of 0.44 (95% CI, 0.11-0.76) at 1 to 4.5 years (5 trials; n = 3902), and resin-based sealants were associated with decreased risk of carious first molars (odds ratio, 0.21 [95% CI, 0.16-0.28]) at 48 to 54 months (4 trials; n = 440). No trial evaluated primary care counseling or dental referral. Evidence on screening accuracy, silver diamine fluoride, xylitol, and harms was very limited, although serious harms were not reported.

Conclusions and Relevance

Administration of fluoride supplements, fluoride gels, varnish, and sealants in dental or school settings improved caries outcomes. Research is needed on the effectiveness of oral health preventive interventions in primary care settings and to determine the benefits and harms of screening.
Aligning Prevention Evidence Gaps With Prevention Research
Authors: Nicholson Wanda , Barry Michael J. , Mangione Carol M.
Published: November 2023

This Viewpoint describes the development of tools to communicate actionable steps to address research needs and gaps for USPSTF recommendations that have insufficient evidence to make definitive guidance.
Screening and Preventive Interventions for Oral Health in Children and Adolescents Aged 5 to 17 Years
Authors:   US Preventive Services Task Force, Barry Michael J. , Nicholson Wanda K. , Silverstein Michael , Chelmow David , Coker Tumaini Rucker , Davis Esa M. , Donahue Katrina E. , Jaén Carlos Roberto , Li Li , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Pbert Lori , Rao Goutham , Ruiz John M. , Stevermer James , Tsevat Joel , Underwood Sandra Millon , Wong John B.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Oral health is fundamental to health and well-being across the lifespan. Oral health conditions affect the daily lives of school-age children and adolescents, leading to loss of more than 51 million school hours every year. Untreated oral health conditions in children can lead to serious infections and affect growth, development, and quality of life.

Objective

The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate screening and preventive interventions for oral health conditions in children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years.

Population

Asymptomatic children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years.

Evidence Assessment

The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for oral health conditions (eg, dental caries) performed by primary care clinicians in asymptomatic children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years. The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of preventive interventions for oral health conditions (eg, dental caries) performed by primary care clinicians in asymptomatic children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years.

Recommendations

The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of routine screening performed by primary care clinicians for oral health conditions, including dental caries, in children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years. (I statement) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of preventive interventions performed by primary care clinicians for oral health conditions, including dental caries, in children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years. (I statement)
General Formation of Interfacial Assembled Hierarchical Micro‐Nano Arrays for Biomass Upgrading‐Coupled Hydrogen Production
Authors: Wu Jia , Zhai Zhixiang , Yin Shibin , Wang Shuangyin
Published: November 2023

Construction of efficient catalysts to couple biomass upgrading with hydrogen production is significant for improving energy efficiency, which remains a challenge. Herein, a general method for manufacturing 3D hierarchical micro‐nano arrays consisting of template framework and nanoparticle‐decorated nanosheets is reported. This strategy provides an opportunity to controllably tailor the interfacial assembly of nanosheets on precursor template materials. The obtained Co@NiMoO‐Ni/NF exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic performance for biomass oxidation and hydrogen production. It only needs 1.21 V to achieve 10 mA cm−2 for 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural electrooxidation reaction (HMFOR) assisted H2 evolution reaction (HER). The good catalytic performance is ascribed to the intense interaction between template (Co) and nanoparticle‐decorated nanosheets (NiMoO‐Ni), which tunes the electron structure of the catalyst to optimize the adsorption behavior of HMFOR/HER intermediates and promote the bonds breakage of key intermediates in the HMFOR/HER process. This work thus provides a strategy for designing ideal catalysts for biomass upgrading‐coupled H2 production.
Low‐Iridium‐Content IrIn2 Intermetallics with an Unconventional Face‐Centered Orthorhombic Phase for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: He Caihong , Ma Chaoqun , Xia Jing , Zhang Huaifang , Han Sumei , Tian Yahui , Wang An‐Liang , Meng Xiangmin , Cao Wenbin , Lu Qipeng
Published: November 2023

Iridium (Ir) is an efficient catalyst for overall water splitting, yet its widespread utilization is hampered by the substantial cost and limited stability. Alloying Ir with heteroatoms can optimize the electronic structure of the catalyst and reduce the required amount of Ir. Compared to solid solution alloys, Ir‐based intermetallic compounds (IMCs) with ordered and stronger Ir‐heteroatom bonds exhibit superior catalytic activity and durability. Hence, adjusting the crystal structure of Ir‐based IMCs is expected to further optimize the configurations of catalytic active sites with minimal usage of Ir. Here, IrIn2 IMCs with unconventional face‐centered orthorhombic structure are synthesized by a high‐temperature annealing reduction method, in which the atomic percentage of Ir is only 33%. The calculation results show that the d‐band center of IrIn2 is shifted upward compared to metallic Ir, resulting in enhanced adsorption with intermediates. Meanwhile, the formation of ordered Ir─In bonds improves the charge transfer effectively and makes the IrIn2 IMCs resistant to atom migration and dissolution during the electrochemical reactions. For overall water splitting, the cell voltage required to achieve 10 mA cm−2 is as low as 1.51 V under acidic condition. And IrIn2 IMCs exhibit excellent durability, with no degradation in performance >55 h.
A Biomimic Nanobullet with Ameliorative Inflammatory Microenvironment for Alzheimer's Disease Treatments
Authors: Wu Yanyue , Yang Jun , Geng Yiwan , Jiao Xiyue , Lu Zhiguo , Zhang Tianlu , Zhao Ruichen , Guo Jing , Wang Wenli , Wang Jing , Zhang Xin
Published: November 2023

Aβ oligomers, formed prior to diagnostic marker‐amyloid β (Aβ) plaques, can damage neurons and trigger neuroinflammation, which accelerate the neuronal injury in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, the combination of eliminating the Aβ oligomers and alleviating the inflammation is a promising therapeutic strategy for AD. However, the presence of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and the intrinsic deficiencies of the drugs severely restrict their therapeutic effects. Inspired by the properties of rabies virus, a biomimic nanobullet (PBACR@NRs/SA) targeting neurons has been developed. The biomimic nanobullets possess the BBB penetrating character based on iron oxide nanorods; it can sequentially release rosmarinic acid and small interfering RNA targeting NF‐κB triggered by microenvironment, which improve the microenvironment inflammation and realize the cure for AD. Compared with non‐biomimic systems, the biomimic nanobullets exhibit a less caveolin‐dependent internalization pathway, which reduces ROS production and mitochondrial fission in neurons. Therefore, the biomimic nanobullet is hopeful for the treatment of ADs and provides a promising platform for other brain diseases’ treatments.
Spectral Tuning of High‐Harmonic Generation with Resonance‐Gradient Metasurfaces
Authors: Jangid Piyush , Richter Felix Ulrich , Tseng Ming Lun , Sinev Ivan , Kruk Sergey , Altug Hatice , Kivshar Yuri
Published: November 2023

High‐index dielectric subwavelength structures and metasurfaces are capable of enhancing light‐matter interaction by orders of magnitude via geometry‐dependent optical resonances. This enhancement, however, comes with a fundamental limitation of a narrow spectral range of operation in the vicinity of one or few resonant frequencies. Here, this limitation is tackled by introducing an innovative and practical approach to achieve spectrally tunable enhancement of light‐matter interaction with resonant metasurfaces. Resonance‐gradient metasurfaces are designed and fabricated with varying geometrical parameters that translate into resonant frequencies dependence on one of the coordinates of the metasurface. The metasurfaces are composed of bone‐like nanoresonators, which are made of germanium and support high‐quality optical resonances in the mid‐IR spectral range. The concept is applied to observe the resonant enhancement of the third and fifth harmonics generated from the gradient metasurfaces being used in conjunction with a tunable excitation laser to provide a wide spectral coverage of resonantly‐enhanced tunable generation of multiple optical harmonics.
Zero‐Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Zinc Halides for Multiple Applications in Anti‐Counterfeiting, X‐Ray Imaging and White LEDs
Authors: Wang Yunluo , Zhou Tianrui , Chen Jie , Qin Haoming , Wu Jianghua , Zhang Qing , Zheng Jiaqian , Li Xiang , Sun Yi‐Yang , He Yihui , Ma Xueqing , Ye Tingting , Liu Ruifeng , Gao Zesen , Hou Jingshan , Wang Lianjun , Chen Haijie , Jiang Wan
Published: November 2023

Zinc halides have been less explored even though they are a promising lead‐free family with the merits of environmental friendliness and low cost. Here, the organic–inorganic hybrid zinc halides are screened with aromatic molecules containing amino groups (MXDA: m‐Xylylenediamine, ABI: 2‐Aminobenzimidazole, pipda: 2‐piperidylmethylamine, p‐MPEA: p‐Methylphenethylamine), and six new compounds are discovered: (MXDA)ZnCl4 (1), (ABI)2ZnCl4 (2), (pipda)2H2OZnCl2 (3), [(pipda)4Zn2Br4]·H2O (4), (p‐MPEA)2ZnCl4 (5), and (p‐MPEA)2ZnBr4 (6). The discovered compounds exhibit diverse efficient light emissions (blue, green, yellow, and ultraviolet) under ultraviolet light irradiation. By doping Sb and Mn at the Zn site, (MXDA)ZnCl4 exhibits different colors of light under excitation light of different wavelengths, so it is successfully used for anti‐counterfeiting. (MXDA)Zn0.91Mn0.09Cl4 is also found to be an efficient X‐ray scintillator for X‐ray imaging. Among the as‐explored new phases, a maximum photoluminescent quantum yield of 82.60% is realized, enabling the utilization for white light‐emitting diodes. The results suggest that the zinc halides are a new lead‐free family with superior optoelectronic properties, which can be used for multiple applications.
Synthesis, Properties of MIL‐101(Al)‐NH2 Polymers Capable of Absorbing Vapor, Liquid Water Simultaneously
Authors: Yang Cailing , Zhang Wenxu , Xu Rongnian , Peng Huaiwu , Zhang Zhenshi , Liu Xiaomei , Li Li , Li Tingli , Li Jing , Liu Pengbo , Jin Xinlu , Ma Yuanyuan , Lei Ziqiang
Published: November 2023

Modified MIL‐101(Al)‐NH2 (MIL‐101(Al)‐NH2‐net) is used as a crosslinking agent and acrylic acid (AA) as a monomer, the MIL‐101(Al)‐NH2‐net grafted polyacrylic acid (MIL‐101(Al)‐NH2‐net‐g‐PAA (MAP)) composite water‐absorbent material is synthesized using the free radical polymerization method to study the application of composite absorbent materials in water collection. The structure and morphology of the composite water‐absorbent material are characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and the contents of ammonium persulfate (APS), MIL‐101(Al)‐NH2‐net, and neutralization degree of AA are optimized. Under optimal conditions, the water absorption ratios of the composite materials in distilled water, tap water, and 0.9% NaCl solution are 744, 169.5, and 85.5 g g−1. In addition, the properties of collecting water vapor are investigated. At 25 °C, 50% Relative Humidity (RH), 70% RH, and 90% RH, the MAP water vapor adsorption capacity is 0.0312, 0.5760, and 1.6856 g g−1, respectively. The water vapor adsorption of MIL‐101(Al)‐NH2 and MIL‐101(Al)‐NH2 self‐polymerization products are 0.025 and 0.1278 g g−1, respectively. The result showed that autopolymerization can improve the water vapor adsorption performance.
Hyperbranched Dynamic Crosslinking Networks Enable Degradable, Reconfigurable, and Multifunctional Epoxy Vitrimer
Authors: Zhang Yuanbo , Yan Hongxia , Yu Ruizhi , Yuan Junshan , Yang Kaiming , Liu Rui , He Yanyun , Feng Weixu , Tian Wei
Published: November 2023

Degradation and reprocessing of thermoset polymers have long been intractable challenges to meet a sustainable future. Star strategies via dynamic cross‐linking hydrogen bonds and/or covalent bonds can afford reprocessable thermosets, but often at the cost of properties or even their functions. Herein, a simple strategy coined as hyperbranched dynamic crosslinking networks (HDCNs) toward in‐practice engineering a petroleum‐based epoxy thermoset into degradable, reconfigurable, and multifunctional vitrimer is provided. The special characteristics of HDCNs involve spatially topological crosslinks for solvent adaption and multi‐dynamic linkages for reversible behaviors. The resulting vitrimer displays mild room‐temperature degradation to dimethylacetamide and can realize the cycling of carbon fiber and epoxy powder from composite. Besides, they have supra toughness and high flexural modulus, high transparency as well as fire‐retardancy surpassing their original thermoset. Notably, it is noted in a chance‐following that ethanol molecule can induce the reconstruction of vitrimer network by ester‐exchange, converting a stiff vitrimer into elastomeric feature, and such material records an ultrahigh modulus (5.45 GPa) at −150 °C for their ultralow‐temperature condition uses. This is shaping up to be a potentially sustainable advanced material to address the post‐consumer thermoset waste, and also provide a newly crosslinked mode for the designs of high‐performance polymer.
Analysis of older adult blood pressure readings and hypertension treatment rates among the unsheltered population of Miami‐Dade County
Authors: Seshadri Suhas , Morgan Orly , Moore Alana , Parmar Shivangi , Schnur Julie , Montgomery Guy , Henderson Armen , Laban Joshua
Published: November 2023

Objective

To assess prevalence of elevated blood pressure readings, rates of established hypertension diagnosis, and blood pressure control medication prescription rates in a cohort of older people experiencing unsheltered homelessness presenting to a Street Medicine clinic in Miami‐Dade County, Florida. In addition, we will compare outcomes found in the study cohort to that of the general population.

Methods

Demographic information, clinical history, blood pressure control medication prescription, and blood pressure measurements were taken by a Street Medicine team of medical providers. The team routinely provides medical evaluations and care for people experiencing unsheltered homelessness who reside in rough sleeper tent encampments located on the street. Clinical information and vitals were recorded in REDCap. De‐identified data from patients 65 years and above were downloaded and compared to a general population data set—the Centers for Disease Control National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (CDC NHANES) 2017–2020 Pre‐pandemic cohort. Data analysis was performed using R Studio version 4.3.2.

Results

Blood pressure was reported in 120 distinct interactions with older people experiencing homelessness. Compared to the age‐matched NHANES data, older people experiencing unsheltered homelessness were at significantly increased relative risk for elevated blood pressure within the range of Stage 1 Hypertension (RR: 3.914, 95% CI: 2.560–5.892, P < 0.001), and within range of Stage 2 Hypertension (RR: 5.550, 95% CI: 4.272–7.210, P < 0.001). According to NHANES, 49.6% of adults over 60 with diagnosed hypertension receive treatment. Of study participants, 69% of those with elevated blood pressure had previously received a diagnosis of hypertension and 15.9% on medication to control blood pressure.

Conclusion

Our cohort of older people experiencing unsheltered homelessness had higher rates of elevated blood pressure and reduced rates of hypertension diagnosis and treatment as compared to the general population. Older people experiencing unsheltered homelessness are a growing population, and future research should seek to evaluate and understand older adult care vulnerabilities, including chronic disease management, to improve health outcomes for those who are aging, hypertensive, and unhoused.
Bruno Schulz's 1936 book “Methodology of medical genetic research particularly with regard to psychiatry”
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Klee Astrid
Published: November 2023

In 1936, Bruno Schulz published the first detailed, book‐length review of the methodology of psychiatric genetic research, based on his experiences at the German Research Institute of Psychiatry. Emphasis is placed on proper selection of relatives and the ascertainment corrections required for Mendelian transmission models. Twin studies are considered as is the impact of reduced fertility on patterns of risk. For the field work, Schulz emphasizes the importance of trust‐building, confidentiality, collateral informants, and the use of medical and other administrative records, all ideally stored in personal files. Several methods of age‐correction are reviewed. Schulz provides detailed algebraic treatments of these and other problems, including tests for etiologic homogeneity, with worked examples. He emphasizes two fundamental concerns in psychiatric genetics research: (i) its inter‐dependency with the optimal diagnostic boundaries, which are rarely known and (ii) the genetic homogeneity of clinical samples. Given these problems, he is pessimistic about finding Mendelian transmission patterns. He assesses the predominant 19th‐century method of psychiatric genetic investigation—“hereditary burden”—to be crude and biased by family size. Although written at a time of consolidation of Nazi power in Germany, this book nowhere endorses their racial/eugenic policies and can be seen as subtly questioning them.
Endotype evaluation of Hispanic/Latinx‐American patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Wu Arthur W. , Tang Dennis M. , Hur Kevin , Jafari Aria , Chen Philip G. , Takashima Masayoshi , Chang Elena E. , Balzer Bonnie , Mathew Anna , Divatia Mukul , Xu Haodong , Robledo Juliana , Amin Luv , Tam Benjamin , Cvancara David J. , Kinua Amisheila G. , Syed Tariq A. , Paderin Dominique L. , Vasquez Missael , Ahmed Omar G.
Published: November 2023

Key points

Hispanic‐American patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps have a comparable level of tissue eosinophilia compared to their Caucasian counterparts in the United States.

Mixed inflammation involving both neutrophils and eosinophils is more common in this population compared to Caucasians.

Findings from this study may indicate that Hispanic‐American patients have a unique endotype or endotypes that deserves further investigation.