bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and properties of Ni-YSZ Composites By Neutral Electroless Plating
Authors: Kim Hyung-Chul , Kim Na Young , Jang Jae-Won , Lee Mi-Jai , Lee Youn Seoung
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Synthesis and Properties of Sulfur-Doped Fe-Nx/C As Non-Noble Metal Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Chen Chi , Zhou Zhi-You , Wang Qiang , Lai Yu-Jiao , Wang Hong-Hui , Sun Shi-Gang
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Electrochemical Activity and Durability of Pt-Based Catalyst Support for PEMFC
Authors: Lai Chien-Ming
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Enhancing Anode-Supported Micro-Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Performance By Adding Anode Functional Layer
Authors: Sun Wang , Wang Zhenhua , Qiao Jinshuo , Sun Kening
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Synthesis and Characterization of Lanthanum Germinate Apatite La9.33Ge6O26 By Molten-Salt Route As Electrolytes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: GAO Wei , Yin Guangchao , Zhong Linhong , CUI Qiliang
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation of Flow Rate of Hydrogen from Water Splitting in a Hollow-Fiber Reactor
Authors: Lo Hwa-Chiang
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
The Preparation and Research of Photo-Anode Dense Layer of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Xin Qin , Wang Xindong
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Application of Cuznsns(Se)4 Nanocrystals As Catalysts in Highly Efficient Counter Electrodes of Quantum-Dot Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Zeng' Xianwei
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
A Facile Strategy to Fabricate TiO2
nanostructures with Controllable Crystalline Polymorphs and Morphologies and Their Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Applications
Authors: Choi Mingi , Yong Kijung
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Synthesis of Chalcogenide Sensitized One-Dimensional Oxide Matrices for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Rincón Marina E. , Jaramillo-Quintero Oscar A. , Solís de la Fuente Mauricio , Calva-Yañez Julio C.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Invited Presentation: Platinum Electrodeposition at Unsupported Electrochemically Reduced Nanographene Oxide for Ammonia Oxidation
Authors: Cabrera Carlos R , Cunci Lisandro , Vélez Carlos A , Suleiman Amal , Larios Eduardo , Jose-Yacaman Miguel , Watkins James J.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Stabilization Effect of Imidazole on Tetra-Alkylammonium Hydroxide and Imidazolium Alkaline Ionic Liquid Electrolyte Materials
Authors: Kerr John B , Zhu Xiaobing , Miller Adam , Sarkar Arindam , Cairns Elton J.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Synthesis and Photo-Catalytic Properties of Ta-Doped TiO2
Authors: You JinSu , Yang Myung , Kim Won-Sik , Hong Seong-Hyeon
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Artificial Ion Channels Regulating Light-Induced Ionic Currents in Photoelectrical Conversion Systems
Authors: Meng Zheyi , Zhai Jin
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Composite Photoelectrodes Composed of Semiconductor Nanomaterials and Oxygen/Hydrogen Evolving Catalysts: Preparation and Application in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Diao Peng
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
The Effect of Surface State on Electrochemical Behaviors of Iron in Slightly Alkaline Solutions
Authors: Chen Junjie , Lu Zhanpeng , Xiao Qian , Xia Xiaofeng , Xia Shuang , Yao Meiyi , Zhou Bangxin
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
In Situ Electrochemical Controlled Synthesis of Molecular Sieve Films
Authors: Yu Tongwen , Cai Rui , Chu Wenling , LIU Yanchun , Yang Weishen
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
The Electrochemical Behavior of A508III Low Alloy Steel in Simulated Pressurized Water Reactor Primary Water Solutions
Authors: Xiao Qian , Lu Zhanpeng , Chen Junjie , Xia Xiaofeng
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Fabrication of CdS/CdSe Multilayer Films By Electrodeposition Method
Authors: Lu Chun-lin , Zhang Lin , Zhang Yun-wang , Liu Guang-xin
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Surface Roughness Analysis of Electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Ag Thin Films
Authors: Nabiyouni Gholamreza
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
A Light Incident Angle Stimulated Memristor Based on Electrochemical Redox Process Built By Oxygen Species
Authors: Park Jinjoo , Lee Junghan , Yong Kijung
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Reversible Zn/Zn2+ Redox in [Bmim]BF4-H2o Mixed System
Authors: Li Ning , Huang Hongyan , Zhou Wei
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Electrochemical Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (EC-TERS)
Authors: Zeng Zhi-Cong , Huang Sheng-Chao , Li Mao-Hua , Huang Teng-xiang , Ren Bin
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Phytic Acid Calcium Inhibition of the Copper from Corrosion in 3 Wt% NaCl Solution
Authors: Yang Haifeng , Li Chuanchuan , Guo Xiaoyu , Wen Ying , Zhang Zongrang
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Enhancement of the Catalytic Activity of Nanoparticles By the Thermal Motion of a Polar Solvent
Authors: Bonnet Nicephore , Otani Minoru , Sugino Osamu
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Keynote Presentation: The d-Band Center Is Not Enough: Efforts Toward Better Descriptor for Surface Reactivity and Bonding
Authors: Zhuang Lin
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Keynote Presentation: Immobilized Anthracenyl-Modified Pyrenes on Carbon Nanotubes for Improved Oxygen Reduction Reaction By Trametes Versicolor Laccase
Authors: Minteer Shelley D. , Giroud Fabien
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Looking for Authentic Electrocatalytic Nanoeffects: A Study of Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Electrodes in Sulfuric Acid Medium
Authors: Wang Ying , Laborda Eduardo , Compton Richard G
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Three-Dimensional Model Based Numerical Investigation on the Distributed Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Jia Ming , Cheng Yun , Tang Yiwei , Du Shuanglong , Li Jie
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Fabricating Adjustable Aluminum Wires and Grains from AlCl3/Trimethanyl Hydrochloride Ionic Liquid
Authors: Su Chung-Jui , Sun I-Wen , Wu Tzi-Yi
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Keynote Presentation: Fuel Cells Electrocatalysts Derived By Sacrificial Support Method (SSM)
Authors: Atanassov Plamen
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Coexisted Inorganic Ions Influence on Crystal Morphology of Bismuth-Film-Modified Electrodes
Authors: Kong Dan dan , Chen Yong mei , Wan Ping yu , Men Bao
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
The MEC-MFC-Coupled Cells for Bio-Hydrogen and Electricity Production from Waste Water
Authors: Leu Hoang-Jyh , Wu Min-Zih
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Effects of Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria on Carbon Steel in Oil Produced Water
Authors: Liu Hong Wei , Chen Bi , Qin Shuang , Zhang Fan , Liu Hong Fang
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Keynote Presentation: Detection and Passivation of Defect States in TiO2 Nanotubes Anodized in Different Water Content Electrolytes
Authors: Tsui Lok-kun , Zangari Giovanni
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
The Effect of Hydrogen on Reactivation of Iron in Alkaline Solutions
Authors: Ejaz Ahsan , Lu Zhanpeng , Shoji Tetsuo , Chen Junjie , Zhou Bangxin
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
A Facile Strategy to Fabricate Carbon- Incorporated Titania: Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity for Methylene Blue Degradation
Authors: Cui Xiaoli
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Asymmetric Electrocarboxylation of 1-Phenylethyl Chloride Catalyzed By Chiral Co(Salen) Complex
Authors: Chen Baoli , Zhu Hongwei , Xiao Yan , Sun Qilong , Wang Huan , Lu Jiaxing
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Removal of Pharmaceuticals in Water By Coupling Nanofiltration and Electrochemical Oxidation
Authors: Lan Yandi , Groenen Serrano Karine , Coetsier Clémence , Causserand Christel
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Influence of Static Magnetic Field on Microbiologically Induced Corrosion of Cu-Zn Alloy in SRB Culture Medium
Authors: Chen Bi , Liu Hong Fang , Liu Hong Wei , Qin Shuang
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Copper Foil Recycling for the Synthesis of Graphene
Authors: Kwon Ki Chang , Kim Sungjun , Ham Juyoung , Koo Bon Hyeong , Song Yanghee , Choi Kyoung Soon , Lee Jong-Lam , Kim Soo Young
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Effects of Hydrogen on Electrochemical Behavior of a Nickel Based Alloy
Authors: Xia Xiaofeng , Lu Zhanpeng , Shoji Tetsuo , Xiong Ru , Xiao Qian , Chen Junjie , Zhou Bangxin
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Keynote Presentation: Electrochemical Exploitation of Biomass
Authors: Bellini Marco , Bevilacqua Manuela , Filippi Jonathan , Lavacchi Alessandro , Marchionni Andrea , Miller Hamish Andrew , Oberhauser Werner , Vizza Francesco
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Keynote Presentation: Electrochemical Processes for Water Decontamination
Authors: Zhou Minghua , Lin Haibo
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Technological Development of Salt-Containing Wastewater Treatment and Salts Electrolysis to Acids and Bases
Authors: Zhang Xin-sheng , Luo Jian-bo , Niu Dong-fang
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Enhanced Removal of Micropollutants from Groundwater and Wastewater Using Magnetic Nanoparticlescarbon Nanotube Functionalized with Photosensitizer for Photocatalytic Application
Authors: Lu Xiaoquan , Idris Ahmed
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Doped Graphene Nanocomposites As Energy Materials for Supercapacitors
Authors: Xia Xifeng , Wang Wenjuan , Liu Peng , Hao Qingli , Wang Xin
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Thermal Analysis Methods for Design of Composite Materials with Complex Structure
Authors: Jaworski Nazariy , Farmaga Ihor , Matviykiv Oleh , Lobur Mykhaylo , Spiewak Piotr , Ciupinski Lukasz , Kurzydlowski Krzysztof J.
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available.
Invited Presentation: The Aprotic Lithium-Air Battery
Authors: Chen Yuhui , Freunberger Stefan A , Johnson Lee , Ottakam Thotiyl Muhammed , Liu Zheng , Peng Zhangquan , Bruce Peter G
Published: February 2020

Li-ion and related battery technologies will be important for years to come. However, society needs energy storage that exceeds the capacity of Li-ion batteries. We must explore alternatives to Li-ion if we are to have any hope of meeting the long-term needs for energy storage. One such alternative is the Li-air(O2) battery; its theoretical specific energy exceeds that of Li-ion, but many hurdles face its realization.[1-5] First, we must understand the processes that occur in the cell on discharge and charge, then use such knowledge to address the hurdles.

A typical aprotic Li-O2 battery, shown in Figure 1, consists of a Li anode and a porous cathode, the two being separated by an organic electrolyte. On discharge, O2 from the atmosphere enters the porous cathode where it is reduced and is supposed to form Li2O2, which can be then be oxidised on charging.[1-5] Charge is stored in the cathode by reversible Li2O2 formation/decomposition. However, it is now understood that the reactive nature of reduced O2 species results in decomposition of many electrolytes and the cathode.[6-8]

Recent results on electrolyte and cathode stability will be discussed, with a particular focus on the instability of the ubiquitous carbon cathode.[9-10] By understanding these instabilities, it has been possible to demonstration that when using TiC as the positive electrode, sustained reversible Li2O2 formation/decomposition can be achieved, essential if the Li-O2 battery is ever to succeed.[11]

References

[1] P. G. Bruce, S. A. Freunberger, L. J. Hardwick, J.-M. Tarascon, Nat. Mater. 11 (2012) 19-29.

[2] J. Christensen, et al J. Electrochem. Soc. 159 (2012) R1-R30.

[3] G. Girishkumar, B. D. McCloskey, A. C. Luntz, S. Swanson, W. Wilcke, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1 (2010) 2193-2203.

[4] F. Li, T. Zhang and H. Zhou, Energy Environ. Sci., 2013, 6, 1125-1141.

[5] Y.-C. Lu, B. M. Gallant, D. G. Kwabi, J. R. Harding, R. R. Mitchell, M. S. Whittingham and Y. Shao-Horn, Energy Environ. Sci., 2013, 6, 750-768.

[6] F. Mizuno, S. Nakanishi, Y. Kotani, S. Yokoishi, H. Iba, Electrochemistry 78 (2010) 403-405.

[7] S. H. Oh, R. Black, E. Pomerantseva, J.-H. Lee, L. F. Nazar, Nat. Chem. 4 (2012) 1004-1010.

[8] V. S. Bryantsev, J. Uddin, V. Giordani, W. Walker, D. Addison and G. V. Chase, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2013, 160, A160-A171.

[9] B. D. McCloskey, A. Speidel, R. Scheffler, D. C. Miller, V. Viswanathan, J. S. Hummelshoj, J. K. Norskov, A. C. Luntz, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 3 (2012) 997-1001.

[10] M. M. Ottakam Thotiyl, S. A. Freunberger, Z. Peng and P. G. Bruce, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012, 135, 494-500.

[11] M. M. Ottakam Thotiyl, S. A. Freunberger, Z. Peng, Y. Chen, Y. Liu and P. G. Bruce, Nat. Mater., 2013, 12, 1050-1056.
Invited Presentation: Si-based Anode -- Recent Development Status and Future Direction
Authors: Kang Sun-Ho , Kim Young-Ugk
Published: February 2020

Due to its high theoretical capacity (ca. 4200 mAh/g), silicon has been regarded as one of the most promising anode materials for the next generation lithium ion batteries. However, silicon undergoes large volume changes (>300%) during lithium alloying and de-alloying processes leading to pulverization of the active material. Such mechanical failure results in loss of electrical contact with the current collector causing rapid decrease in capacity and consequent failure of the battery. Several approaches have been developed to address this problem, which involved use of nano-sized silicon particles [1], active/inactive matrices [2], amorphous silicon composites [3] and 1-dimensional nanostructures [4].

As a leading LIB provider, Samsung SDI is also very interested in the Si anode technology. In this presentation, Samsung SDI’s efforts for alleviating Si swelling and enhancing its cycle performance will be introduced.
Invited Presentation: Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes for Li-Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Xiong Shizhao , Nitze Florian , Aguilera Luis , Palmqvist Anders , Matic Aleksandar
Published: February 2020

Li-Sulfur (LiS) technology has great potential for large-scale energy storage applications due to the very high theoretical capacity. However, the implementation of the concept has been limited due to low sulphur utilization, severely decreasing the practical energy density, and poor cyclability in terms of fading capacity and rate capability. One major cause of these problems is the relatively large solubility of polysulfides (Li2Sn, n≥3) in the commonly used electrolyte systems. A direct consequence is the loss of active cathode material decreasing the capacity and at the same time increasing the resistance of the electrolyte. The dissolved polysulphides also cause degradation of the anode through shuttle reactions when they migrate in the electrolyte, forming insoluble layers on the anode surface.

The materials problems in the LiS battery can be addressed by new concepts for both the electrolyte and the cathode. For development of the electrolyte promising approaches include moving away from traditional organic solvents, improving both performance and safety. In addition the use of polymer gel-polymer, or solid-polymer, electrolytes or ceramic electrolytes has also been proposed to prevent, in particular, the shuttle reactions.

Ionic liquids have been highlighted as base for new and safe electrolytes [1]. Ionic liquids are low melting salts with intrinsic properties such as high ionic conductivity, low vapour pressure, and high thermal, chemical and electrochemical stability. Thus, they have the potential to both improve the performance and the safety of Li-ion and LiS-batteries. Ionic liquids can be used both to fully replace organic solvents as electrolyte solution or as co-solvents/additives improving both safety and performance. An ionic liquid-based electrolyte solution can also readily be incorporated in gel-type polymer membranes [2].

In this contribution we present new results on the use of ionic liquids as base for electrolytes in LiS-batteries. We have investigated systems based purely on ionic liquids, mixed electrolytes, where ionic liquids partially replace an organic solvent, and the recently proposed “solvated ionic liquids” [3]. In particular we focus on the dissolution and speciation of polysulfides in the electrolyte solution. One key issue is the role of polysulfides present in the electrolyte for the formation and stability of surface films on Li-anodes [4]. We also report results of the compatibility of the electrolytes with new nanostructured and functionalized sulphur carbon composite electrodes.

[1] A. Matic and B. Scrosati, MRS Bulletin38, 533 (2013)

[2] J. Pitawala, M. Assunta Navarra, B. Scrosati, P. Jacobsson and A. Matic

Journal of Power Sources, 245, 830-835 (2013)

[3] K. Ueno, K. Yoshida, M. Tsuchiya, N. Tachikawa, K. Dokko, and M. Watanabe, J. Phys. Chem. B 116, 11323 (2012)

[4] S. Xiong, K. Xie, E. Blomberg, P. Jacobsson, and Aleksandar Matic

Journal of Power Sources, 252, 150 (2014)
Sodium Ion Insertion/Extraction Properties of Sn-Co Anodes and Na Pre-Doped Sn-Co Anodes
Authors: Yui Yuhki , Ono Yoko , Hayashi Masahiko , Nemoto Yasue , Hayashi Katsuya , Asakura Kaoru , Kitabayashi Hiroto
Published: February 2020

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are anticipated as promising alternatives to replace lithium-ion batteries. There are many reports on anode materials for SIBs, such as hard carbon and tin [1,2]. However, there are hardly any reports on materials that provide both high capacity and stable cycle property. In this study, we focused on Sn-Co as an anode for SIBs. Sn-Co has been reported as a good anode for lithium ion batteries [3].

We investigated electrochemical properties of Sn-Co, and examined the correlation between the cycle performance and the binders of electrode component materials. A working electrode was prepared by mixing Sn-Co, Ketjen Black EC600JD, and polyvinylidene di fluoride (PVdF) or polyacrylic acid (PAA). Sodium metal was used for the counter electrodes.

Figure 1(a) shows the first discharge-charge curves of Na/Sn-Co cells incorporating PAA or PVdF as binder. The first capacities of electrode incorporating PAA and PVdF were 505 and 569 mAh/g, respectively. Na/Sn-Co cells using both binders showed two distinct plateaus (about 0.6 and 0.2 V), and the plateau regions were similar to a two phase equilibrium in Na-Sn alloy [2].

Figure 1(b) shows cycle properties of Na/Sn-Co cells incorporating PAA or PVdF as binder. The electrode incorporating PAA showed a better cycle property than the one incorporating PVdF. The discharge capacity of the former reached about 300 mAh/g after 30 cycles. This good cycle performance is attributed to buffering of the volume change during insertion and extraction of sodium ions because of the porous structure of PAA [4].

In addition, a large irreversible capacity loss in the first cycle in Na/Sn-Co cells (binder: PAA or PVdF) was observed. We tried sodium pre-doping to reduce the irreversible capacity and found that the pre-doping technique greatly reduced it. The detailed results will be shown at the meeting.

References

[1] S. Komaba et al., Electrochem. Commun.,
21, 65 (2012).

[2] L. D. Ellis et al., J. Electrochem. Soc.,
159, A1801 (2012).

[3] N. Tamura et al., Electrochim. Acta,
49, 1949 (2004).

[4] Y.-S. Park et al., J. Power Sources, 248, 1191 (2014).

Acknowledgement

We are grateful to Mitsubishi Materials Corp. for supplying Sn-Co.
Relationship Between the Structural Evolution and Electrochemical Properties of NaxFe0.5Mn0.5O2 (0.67≤x≤0.83) As the Cathode Materials for Na-Ion Batteries
Authors: Bie Xiao , Wei Yingjin , Du Fei
Published: February 2020

Motivated by the demand for the high energy density battery and low cost, Na-ion batteries have attracted much interest in recent years. Search for the new Na-ion insertion materials are the key elements to achieve the practical Na-ion batteries. Following the concept of Li-ion batteries, a series of layered NaMO2 (M=Co, Mn, Cr, V and Fe) materials have been proposed to show the good electrochemical performance. [1]

NaxFe1/2Mn1/2O2 has been considered as one of the most perspective cathode materials for Na-ion batteries.[1] Based on the coordination of Na ions, NaxFe1/2Mn1/2O2 shows two different types of crystal structures: P2 type for Na0.67Fe0.5Mn0.5O2 (space group P63/mmc) and O3 type for Na0.83Fe0.5Mn0.5O2 (space group R-3m). Furthermore, the variation of the valence state and the effect of Jahn-Teller distortion for high-spin Fe4+ (t2g
3eg
1) and Mn3+ (t2g
3eg
1) ions, induced by different content of Na ions, have a strong impact on the electrochemical performance for NaxFe1/2Mn1/2O2. Hence, it is very meaningful to study the structural evolution between P2-Na0.67Fe1/2Mn1/2O2 and O3-Na0.83Fe1/2Mn1/2O2 and its influence on the electrochemical performance as the cathode materials for Na-ions batteries.

In this study, we presented a comprehensive study on the synthesis, crystal and electronic structure, and electrochemical properties for NaxFe1/2Mn1/2O2 (0.67≤x≤0.83) by means of Rietveld analysis, Raman spectra, XPS, magnetic susceptibility, discharge/charge and CV measurements. We focus on the structural insights we have obtained for NaxFe1/2Mn1/2O2 with different Na ions contents using conventional, as shown in Figure 1, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. We also discuss the impact of structural evolution on the electronic structure and electrochemical properties for NaxFe1/2Mn1/2O2 (0.67≤x≤0.83). The possible implications of our findings for the practical application of these materials as the cathode materials are also evaluated.

Reference:

[1] Naoaki Yabuuchi, Masataka Kajiyama, Junichi Iwatate, Nature materials, 11, 512, 2012
Sn-Doped Hard Carbon As a Practical Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yunxiao , Chou Shulei , Liu Hua Kun , Dou Shi Xue
Published: February 2020

Rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are attracting extensively interest as a promise post lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Amongst all the reported anode materials, there is no doubt that hard carbon (HC), equivalently to graphite in LIBs, is the most potential material to realize practical commercialization. The main challenge is its low specific capacity (~280 mAh g-1) [1]. Another potential anode, tin, adversely is capable to deliver high capacity while very poor cycling stability [2]. Therefore, doping small amount Sn into HC is expected to achieve higher capacity and maintain prolonged cycling life as well.

Herein, we prepare Sn-doped HC anode by evaporating rotation method, with SnCl2 and sucrose as raw sources. The obtained black powered is annealing by tube furnace under Ar atmosphere. The designed weight ratio of Sn in the mixture is 15 %. As shown in Figure 1, Sn-doped HC shows much better electrochemical performance than HC, delivering a higher capacity of ~350 mAh g-1over 70 cycles. Furthermore, different Sn-doped amount and various electrolytes would be applied in the future, aiming to reach the optimal performance of this anode.

[1]S.Komaba, W. Murata, T. Ishikawa, N. Yabuuchi, T. Ozeki, T. Nakayama, A. Ogata, K. Gotoh, K. Fujiwara. Adv. Funct. Mater.
2011, 21, 3859-3867.

[2] T. Yamamoto, T. Nohira, R. Hagiwara, A. Fukunaga, S. Sakai, K. Nitta, S. Inazawa. J. Power Sources
2012, 217, 479-484.

Figure.1 Cycling performances of Sn-doped HC and HC with 1.0 M NaClO4 in propylene carbonate (PC) / ethylene carbonate (EC) 1:1 (weight ratio).
Cobalt Oxide Modified Porous Carbon Anode Enhancing Electrochemical Performance for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Han Yan , Dong Lei , Li Xifei , Li Dejun
Published: February 2020

A cobalt oxide modified porous carbon was synthesized via a facile solvothermal method followed by a simple thermal treatment process. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques have confirmed that Co3O4 particles with sizes of about 50 nm are uniformly dispersed onto porous carbon. The electrochemical properties of the as-prepared nanocomposites were tested as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The obtained results exhibited that the electrochemical performances of the composite could be effectively improved in terms of reversible capacity, cycling performance, and rate capability due to the synergistic effects coming from Co3O4 nanoparticles and porous carbon.
Importance of Carbonaceous Material for Enhanced Cycling Stability of Cobalt Oxide Anode
Authors: Choi Woo-Sung , Chang Wonyoung , Shin Heon-Cheol
Published: February 2020

Transition metal oxide anode (MxOy, M=Fe, Co, Ni or Cu) has been considered as one of the most promising options for high performance lithium ion batteries due primarily to its large specific capacity. However, its practical use is seriously hindered because the formation of electrical insulating lithia matrix and large volume change during lithiation/delithiation process cause poor energy efficiency and reduced cycling stability, respectively. In order to figure out such problems, there are a number of studies about the composite of nano-sized active materials and various carbon-based conducting materials (e.g.graphine). The recent researches about different conducting materials revealed that performance of transition metal oxide anode is very sensitive to the content of conducting materials. Nevertheless, the in-depth study about the conducting material effect on electrochemical property has not been carried out yet.

In this work, the effect of conducting material on reaction mechanism of cobalt oxide with lithium is investigated. For this purpose, electrochemical properties of samples containing different amounts of conducting materials were analyzed by using electrochemical techniques such as chronopotentiometry, chronoamperometry, and impedance spectroscopy. In addition, their crystal structures were characterized as a function of depth of discharge. From these results, it is suggested that there is another delithiation mechanism competing with typical one to reach delithiated cobalt oxide. It is proved that the larger amounts of conducting material makes it more activated.

In this presentation, the difference in reaction mechanism between the cobalt oxides with and without conductive material will be suggested. Moreover, capacity fading mechanism of cobalt oxide will be accordingly discussed.
Scalable Approach to Multi-Dimensional Bulk Silicon-Based Anodes Via Catalytic Etching and Growing
Authors: Yoo Seungmin , Lee Jung-In , Shin Myoungsoo , Park Soojin
Published: February 2020

Bulk silicon-based materials including silicon, silicon mono-oxide have high specific capacity and are more suitable for practical uses in the industry, although nano-sized silicon materials show superior cell performance due to their small volume change and low diffusion length. Here, we demonstrate simple ways to make multi-dimensional silicon-based materials by utilizing commercially available bulk silicon and silicon mono-oxide, through catalytic etching or catalytic growing methods. These materials showed highly improved reversible capacity > 2000mAh/g in a bulk silicon and > 1400mAh/g in a bulk silicon mono-oxide, and stable cycle performance compared to bare bulk powders. These catalytic etching and growing routes are simple, low cost and mass producible, thus provide an effective method for high performance anode materials.
Iron Fluoride Hydrate As Cathode Material for Sodium Ion Secondary Batteries and Its Characterization
Authors: Ali Ghulam , Kim Ji-Young , Chang Wonyoung , Cho Byung-Won , Chung Kyung Yoon
Published: February 2020

In recent years, numerous efforts have been made to develop rechargeable batteries to use for large scale applications such as in electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and plug in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Lithium ion batteries have been the most popular and widely used batteries in portable devices like cell phones, laptops, etc. However, it has some constraints to be used for large scale applications as the cost for the raw materials for lithium is expensive. There have been ongoing studies searching for alternative shuttle ions and sodium can be one of the possible substitutes since it is more abundant and cheaper. Besides, transition metal fluorides are expected to deliver larger capacities compared to metal oxides as they can utilize more than one oxidation states of transition metal ions resulting in accommodating more than one shuttle ions, which is Na.

Iron fluoride hydrate was prepared at low temperature with non aqueous precipitation method using ionic liquid as a soft template. Iron fluoride hydrate with in situ coating of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and reduced graphite oxide (rGO) were also prepared. Single phase iron fluoride hydrate was successfully prepared and it was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Morphologies of the samples and nanoparticles growth around the MWNTs are observed by SEM. Thermal analysis of iron fluoride hydrate was measured using TGA and in depth analysis on the thermal structural changes were monitored by temperature dependent in situ XRD. Temperature dependent in situ XRD provides valuable information of the structure change and its decomposition mechanism of iron f iron fluoride hydrate at elevated temperature. Electrochemical measurements of iron fluoride hydrate electrodes coated with MWNT and rGO against sodium metal were performed in galvanoststic mode. The cells were disassembled at different discharged and charged potentials for ex situ characterizations e.g. XRD, NEXAFS and XANES to determine the electrochemical reaction mechanism. More details will be discussed at the meeting.
Performance and Mechanism of Negative Electrodes Based on p-Group Elements for Na Batteries
Authors: Monconduit Laure , Darwiche Ali , Sougrati Moulay-Tahar , Stievano Lorenzo , Fullenwarth Julien , Fraisse Bernard , Donnadieu Bruno
Published: February 2020

Na-based storage systems working at ambient temperature have recently regained interest. Even though most recent research on Na-ion systems has concentrated on the development of positive electrode materials, several works have appeared on negative electrode materials, mostly based on the insertion of Na into hard carbon structures developing a capacity as high as ~300 mAh/g.[1, 2] However, the large ionic radius of Na+ with respect to Li+leads to a higher volume expansion upon cycling, which is expected to strongly affect insertion reactions as well as alloying or conversion reactions. Surprisingly Sn- and Sb-based electrodes recently showed to be a viable alternative to hard carbon, providing very interesting performances with reversible capacities largely exceeding 400 mAh/g.[3-5]

Starting from our expertise in alloys electrode materials for LiB, we have investigated several phases containing P, Sb and/or Sn as electrode materials for Na batteries. Electrodes based on bare commercial antimony or on ball milled SnSb can sustain over 150 cycles at C/2 vs. Na without any capacity fading.[6-7] Recently we demonstrated that phosphides show also promising electrochemical features in Na batteries.[8]

The thorough investigation of both mechanism and performances of these systems will be presented. The good electrochemical performances of such electrode materials are very surprising if one take into account the huge volume expansion expected from the reaction with Na (200-400 %). Moreover, this investigation reveals intriguing reaction mechanisms, differing from those commonly observed in analogous Li-ion systems and not always corresponding to those expected from the known equilibrium phase diagrams of Na-Sn, Na-Sb or Na-P.

References:

1. S. Komaba, W. Murata, T. Ishikawa, N. Yabuuchi, T. Ozeki, T. Nakayama, A. Ogata, K. Gotoh, K. Fujiwara, Adv. Funct. Mater., 21 (2011) 3859

2. A. Ponrouch, A.R. Goñi, M. Rosa Palacín, Electrochem. Comm., 27 (2013) 85

3. L. Xiao, Y. Cao, J. Xiao, W. Wang, L. Kovarik, Z. Nie, J. Liu, Chem. Commun., 48 (2012) 3321

4. J. Qian, Y. Chen, L. Wu, Y. Cao, X. Ai, H. Yang, Chem. Commun., 48 (2012) 7070

5. S. Komaba, Y. Matsuura, T. Ishikawa, N. Yabuuchi, W. Murata, S. Kuze, Electrochem. Comm., 21 (2012) 65

6. A. Darwiche, C. Marino, M.T. Sougrati, B. Fraisse, L. Stievano, L. Monconduit, J. Am.
Chem. Soc., 134 (2012) 20805

7. A. Darwiche, M. T. Sougrati, B. Fraisse,

L. Stievano, L. Monconduit Electrochem. Comm., (2013) 18–21

8. J.Fullenwarth, A. Darwiche,

A. Soares,

B. Donnadieu,
L. Monconduit

accepted at J. Mat. Chem. (2013), DOI:10.1039/C3TA13976J
Cobalt Oxide Nanorod Anode for Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Kim Seong-Jun , Shin Heon-Cheol
Published: February 2020

Nanomaterials with one-dimensional (1-D) structure have been extensively studied as electrode materials for such functional electrochemical devices as sensors, supercapacitors, and rechargeable batteries. In particular, the nanorod electrode is considered as one of the most promising options for thin film lithium batteries because of its enhanced structural stability during lithiation/delithiation cycling and rate capability.

Template–assisted methods using anodic aluminum oxide or polycarbonate have been usually used for the synthesis of nanorod electrodes. However, the use of template typically makes the preparation procedure complex and resulted often in unintended aggregation of nanorods after the template removal.

This work focuses on the preparation of the cobalt-based nanorod arrays for the anode in lithium ion batteries by a template-free electrochemical synthesis of cobalt nanorod and its subsequent oxidation. Cobalt electro-deposit showed different growth habit depending on the deposition parameters of temperature, current density and bath chemistry, and well-defined 1-D nanorod structure was successfully fabricated under their careful control. The following thermal oxidation of the cobalt nanorod led to cobalt/cobalt oxide bilayer composites with little change in its macroscopic structure.

In this presentation, the morphology and structure of the as-prepared pure cobalt nanorod and its oxidized product (i.e., cobalt / cobalt oxide nanorod composite) will be presented. Moreover, the electrochemical properties of nanorod composites will be discussed on the basis of the cyclic voltammograms, galvanostatic charge-discharge curves, and electrochemical impedance spectra. The rate performance and long-term cycling stability of the nanorod composites will be particularly highlighted.

References

1. M. Nishizawa, K. Mukai, S. Kuwabata, C.R. Martin, H. Yoneyama.
J Electrochem Soc,144 (1997) 1923 - 1927

2. P. Poizot et al., Nature 407 (2000) 496 – 499
I
n Situ X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7)/C Nanocomposite for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Xuehang , Yang Yong
Published: February 2020

The sodium-ion batteries (SIB) have attracted wide interest as a competitive alternative to Li-ion batteries for electric energy storage applications due to low cost and wide availability of sodium resources [1]. The new mixed-polyanion phosphate phases Na4M3(PO4)2(P2O7) (M = transition metal) are considered as promising candidates [2]. Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) shows a high average discharge voltage around 3.2 V, which is higher than 3.0 V for Na2FePO4F, 3.0 V for Na2FeP2O7, 2.7 V for olivine NaFePO4, and 2.4 V for amorphous FePO4
[3].

In this work, we prepared the Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7)/C nanocomposite by a facile sol-gel route. Typically, 0.01 mol Fe powder and 0.015 mol citric acid were mixed firstly in 30 mL deionized water under vigorous magnetic stirring at 80 oC. Then stoichiometric amounts of NaH2PO4·2H2O (0.0133 mol) was added into the solution and stirred at 80 oC for 2 h. 0.01 mol ethylene glycol was added into the solution and the oil bath temperature was increased to 120 oC and kept for 2 h for gel formation. After the drying process, the obtained xerogel was calcined at 500, 600 oC for 10 h in a flowing argon atmosphere to obtain the products, respectively.

The structural evolution and electrochemical Na extraction/insertion mechanism of Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) electrode for sodium ion batteries during the charge and discharge processes were investigated by using the in situX-ray diffraction. As shown in Fig. 1, the results confirm that Na extraction/insertion reaction proceeds via a one-phase process.

Fig. 1 The in situ X-ray diffraction patterns of the Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7)/C electrode during the 1st charge/discharge process.

Acknowledgements

Financial support from National Basic Research Program of China (973 program, Grant No. 2011CB935903) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21233004 and 21021002) are gratefully acknowledged.

References

[1] B. Dunn, H. Kamath, J.M. Tarascon, Science 334 (2011) 928.

[2] F. Sanz, C. Parada, J.M. Rojo, C. Ruíz-Valero, Chemistry of Materials 13 (2001) 1334.

[3] H. Kim, I. Park, D.H. Seo, S. Lee, S.W. Kim, W.J. Kwon, Y.U. Park, C.S. Kim, S.W. Jeon, K. Kang, Journal of the American Chemical Society 134 (2012) 10369.
Improvement of Li Metal Anode Cycleability By Na+ Addition in Electrolyte
Authors: Yang Yifu , Chen Chen , Shao Huixia
Published: February 2020

Li metal is an ideal anode material for Li batteries because of its low redox potential, lightest equivalent weight, and high specific capacity[1]. However, in aprotic electrolytes, dendrite formation and low coulomb efficiency of Li in charge-discharge cycles have been reported to primarily limits the development of rechargeable Li metal batteries[2]. Adding selected cations into electrolyte, such as Na+, Al3+, Sn2+, Mg2+, has been studied as an effective method to suppress dendrite growth and increase the coulombic efficiency [3-5].

In this work, Li deposition and oxidation characteristics in electrolyte of 1M LiClO4 / EC+DMC (1:1) added with 0.1M NaClO4 was studied on a novel substrate, this substrate was a Li-Zn alloy substrate prepared via in-situ deposition of Li on ultrasonic assisted electrodeposited Zn layer. The galvanostatic charge-discharge testing results indicate that adding of a small amount of Na+ into the electrolyte can increase the potential of Li deposition and reduce the oxidation potential of the deposited Li, and the Li-Zn alloy substrate formed in this way can effectively improve the morphology of the Li deposit. On the basis of both of these two efforts, the charge-discharge cycleability of Li is thus greatly improved with high coulombic efficiency. The effect and cycleability of the substrate formation on the morphology of the deposited Li layer , the mechanism of the addition of Na+in electrolyte on Li deposition and the characteristics of the SEI film formed on the Li-Zn alloy are studied in detail.

Fig. 1 Charge/discharge profile of Li on Li-Zn substrate in different electrolytes.

References

[1] S. Chandrashekar, Nicole M. Trease, Hee Jung Chang, Lin-Shu Du, Clare P. Grey, A. Jerschow, Nat. Mater. 11 (2012) 311-315.

[2] Y. Lu, S. K. Das, S. S. Moganty, L. A. Archer, Adv. Mater. 24 (2012) 4430-4435.

[3] J. K. Stark, Y. Ding, P. A. Kohl, J. Electrochem. Soc. 160 (2013) D337-D342.

[4] M. Ishikawa, M. Morita, Y. Matsuda, J. Power Sources 68 (1997) 501-505.

[5] M. Ishikawa, S.-i. Machino, M. Morita, J. Electroanal. Chem. 473 (1999) 279-284.

Statement:

The novelty of this work: (1) in-site formation of Li-Zn alloy substrate is a novel substrate for Li cycling with improved morphology; (2) Na+ addition into the electrolyte can improve the cycling performance of Li.

Relating topic: Electrode Materials (Li batteries anode)
Na3V2(PO4)3 Nanofibers As a High Performance Cathode Material for Sodium Ion Battery
Authors: Yang JungHoon , Han Dong-Wook , Kang Yong-Mook
Published: February 2020

Sodium ion batteries have emerged as attractive and potential energy storage systems to substitute lithium ion battery especially in large-scale energy storage systems (ESSs) based on abundance and low cost of sodium source.

However, ionic radius of Na+ is larger than Li+, the structure of materials becomes more important when Na+ is inserted into or extracted from the material. Thus, it seems very necessary to introduce adequate material that has structural stability to express good electrochemical performance.

Recently, sodium super ion conductor (NASICON) - Na3V2(PO4)3 have attained much interest because it possesses large interstitial spaces through which sodium ion can diffuse. Na3V2(PO4)3 shows 118mAh/g theoretical discharge capacity at 3.4 V vs Na/Na+ in V4+/V3+ redox couple. However, its low electrical conductivity due to phosphate, significantly limits its electrochemical performance. So, the realization of theoretical capacities is difficult. In addition, Na3V2(PO4)3 shows severe capacity fading at high rate because of its low sodium ion diffusivity. These structural properties limit its electrochemical performance and practical applications, especially when rate performance is a prerequisite.

We noticed that a 1D morphology and structure on an electrode material can effectively enhance its electrochemical performance by enhancing electronic/ionic conductivity, the benefits of 1D have well demonstrated in lithium ion batteries electrode materials.

In this point of view, we prepare the electrospun nanofibers of NASICON-Na3V2(PO4)3 through a typical electrospinning technique and report on the correlation between its improved electrochemical properties and the morphological feature of nanofibers.
Cation-Disordered Lithium Transition Metal Oxides for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Lee Jinhyuk , Urban Alexander , Li Xin , Ceder Gerbrand
Published: February 2020

Layered lithium transition metal oxides, such as LiCoO2, have been one of the most important classes of cathode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries [1,2]. In these materials, lithium and transition metal ions are well-segregated to form distinct layers which alternate in their crystal structure [1,2]. In general, well-layeredness in their structure has been considered necessary for high lithium mobility in the materials, and cation mixing has been observed to result in poor cyclability by slowing down lithium diffusion [3,4]. Such understanding and observations may have led researchers to disregard cation-disordered lithium transition metal oxides as promising cathode materials.

Recently, we have identified a material (Li1.211Mo0.467Cr0.3O2) whose behavior questions our understanding of the effect of disorder on lithium transport [5]. This material forms as a layered rocksalt, but transforms to a disordered rocksalt after just a few charge-discharge cycles. Nevertheless, it cycles very well, exhibiting a specific capacity well above 250 mAh/g, which is rarely achieved even in well-layered materials. Using ab initio computations and Monte-Carlo simulations, we explain the performance of Li1.211Mo0.467Cr0.3O2, and propose a design paradigm for cation-disordered oxides as cathode materials [5].

[1] M. S. Whittingham, Chem. Rev. 104, 4271-4302 (2004).

[2] J. B. Goodenough, Y. Kim, Chem. Mater. 22, 587-603 (2010).

[3] K. Kang, Y. S. Meng, J. Bréger, C. P. Grey, G. Ceder, Science
311, 977-980 (2006).

[4] A. Rougier, P. Gravereau, C. Delmas, J. Electrochem. Soc. 143, 1168-1175 (1996).

[5] J. Lee, A. Urban, X. Li, D. Su, G. Hautier, G. Ceder, Science, 9 January 2014 (10.1126/science.1246432).
Structural Analyses of Amorphous MoS3 Electrode after Charge-Discharge Measurements in All-Solid-State Lithium Secondary Batteries
Authors: Matsuyama Takuya , Hayashi Akitoshi , Tatsumisago Masahiro , Ozaki Tomoatsu , Togawa Yoshihiko , Mori Shigeo
Published: February 2020

All-solid-state lithium batteries using inorganic solid electrolytes are expected to be highly safe because of elimination of flammable components such as organic liquid electrolytes. Further improvement of the electrode active materials with high capacity and excellent cyclability is needed. Sulfur is expected to be positive electrode active materials of next-generation batteries because sulfur has a high theoretical capacity. Therefore, high capacity of the batteries can be achieved by using active materials with a large content of sulfur. However, sulfur has low electronic conductivity. We thus focus on a transition metal sulfide with high electronic conductivity. Moreover, amorphization of active materials is potentially capable of achieving higher capacity and cyclability because of open and random structure in amorphous materials.

MoS2 crystal was practically used as a positive electrode in lithium metal batteries [1]. Electrode properties of amorphous MoS3 prepared by pyrolysis of (NH4)2MoS4 have been investigated in an organic liquid electrolyte [2]. A liquid-type cell with amorphous MoS3 electrode shows the reversible capacity of 400 mAh g-1. Thus, amorphous MoS3 active materials are an attractive positive electrode with high capacities for lithium batteries. In this study, structure and electrochemical properties of amorphous MoS3in all-solid-state cells were evaluated.

Amorphous MoS3 was prepared by mechanical milling of the mixture of molybdenum metal and sulfur. The obtained active materials were applied as a positive electrode to all-solid-state cells with Li2S-P2S5electrolytes [3]. In order to analyze the structure of the positive electrode, XRD and HR-TEM were performed for the electrodes before and after the charge-discharge measurements.

The samples prepared by mechanical milling showed no peaks attributable to starting materials in the XRD patterns. Raman bands attributable to amorphous MoS3 were observed in the milled sample. Those structural analyses suggest that amorphous MoS3 was prepared by mechanical milling. The initial discharge capacity of the all-solid-state cell with amorphous MoS3 was approximately 760 mAh g-1. The cell with amorphous MoS3 electrode retained the discharge capacity of about 670 mAh g-1for over 60 cycles. The XRD profile obtained from the electrode after the 1st charge-discharge measurement was almost identical to that from the initial electrode. HR-TEM revealed that amorphous structure was maintained after the 1st cycle.

Reference

[1] M. A. Py et al., Can. J. Phys., 61 (1980) 76.

[2] J. J. Auborn et al.,
J. Electrochem. Soc.,134 (1987) 580.

[3] A. Hayashi et al.,
Electrochem. Commun. 5 (2003) 111.