bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 and Mental Health
Authors: Valarezo-Sevilla Diego , Sarzosa-Terán Vanessa , Restrepo-Rodas Gabriela
Published: May 2020

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as the state of perfect (complete) physical, mental and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease.
In epidemic and pandemic situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic that we are currently going through, all these spheres, physical, mental, and social, are affected, which threatens the lives of many people and significantly increases the number of sick and deceased people. The general fear of contagion worsens the existing situation and leads to a psychosocial impact that will, at some point, exceed the ability of health personnel to confront and manage the affected population. It is considered that the increase in the incidence of mental disorders and emotional manifestations is directly related to the magnitude of the epidemic and the level of vulnerability of the country affected. However, not all of the mental problems that occur can be classified as a mental health disorder, as many of these are normal reactions to an abnormal situation.
Efficacy of a Smartphone App Intervention for Reducing Caregiver Stress: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fuller-Tyszkiewicz Matthew , Richardson Ben , Little Keriann , Teague Samantha , Hartley-Clark Linda , Capic Tanja , Khor Sarah , Cummins Robert A , Olsson Craig A , Hutchinson Delyse
Published: May 2020

Background

Caregivers play a pivotal role in maintaining an economically viable health care system, yet they are characterized by low levels of psychological well-being and consistently report unmet needs for psychological support. Mobile app–based (mobile health [mHealth]) interventions present a novel approach to both reducing stress and improving well-being.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-guided mobile app–based psychological intervention for people providing care to family or friends with a physical or mental disability.

Methods

In a randomized, single-blind, controlled trial, 183 caregivers recruited through the web were randomly allocated to either an intervention (n=73) or active control (n=110) condition. The intervention app contained treatment modules combining daily self-monitoring with third-wave (mindfulness-based) cognitive-behavioral therapies, whereas the active control app contained only self-monitoring features. Both programs were completed over a 5-week period. It was hypothesized that intervention app exposure would be associated with decreases in depression, anxiety, and stress, and increases in well-being, self-esteem, optimism, primary and secondary control, and social support. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, postintervention, and 3-4 months postintervention. App quality was also assessed.

Results

In total, 25% (18/73) of the intervention participants were lost to follow-up at 3 months, and 30.9% (34/110) of the participants from the wait-list control group dropped out before the postintervention survey. The intervention group experienced reductions in stress (b=−2.07; P=.04) and depressive symptoms (b=−1.36; P=.05) from baseline to postintervention. These changes were further enhanced from postintervention to follow-up, with the intervention group continuing to report lower levels of depression (b=−1.82; P=.03) and higher levels of emotional well-being (b=6.13; P<.001), optimism (b=0.78; P=.007), self-esteem (b=−0.84; P=.005), support from family (b=2.15; P=.001), support from significant others (b=2.66; P<.001), and subjective well-being (b=4.82; P<.001). On average, participants completed 2.5 (SD 1.05) out of 5 treatment modules. The overall quality of the app was also rated highly, with a mean score of 3.94 out of a maximum score of 5 (SD 0.58).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that mHealth psychological interventions are an effective treatment option for caregivers experiencing high levels of stress. Recommendations for improving mHealth interventions for caregivers include offering flexibility and customization in the treatment design.

Trial Registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12616000996460; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371170
Blended Digital and Face-to-Face Care for First-Episode Psychosis Treatment in Young People: Qualitative Study
Authors: Valentine Lee , McEnery Carla , Bell Imogen , O'Sullivan Shaunagh , Pryor Ingrid , Gleeson John , Bendall Sarah , Alvarez-Jimenez Mario
Published: May 2020

Background

A small number of studies have found that digital mental health interventions can be feasible and acceptable for young people experiencing first-episode psychosis; however, little research has examined how they might be blended with face-to-face approaches in order to enhance care. Blended treatment refers to the integration of digital and face-to-face mental health care. It has the potential to capitalize on the evidence-based features of both individual modalities, while also exceeding the sum of its parts. This integration could bridge the online–offline treatment divide and better reflect the interconnected, and often complementary, ways young people navigate their everyday digital and physical lives.

Objective

This study aimed to gain young people’s perspectives on the design and implementation of a blended model of care in first-episode psychosis treatment.

Methods

This qualitative study was underpinned by an end-user development framework and was based on semistructured interviews with 10 participants aged 19 to 28 (mean 23.4, SD 2.62). A thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results

Three superordinate themes emerged relating to young people’s perspectives on the design and implementation of a blended model of care in first-episode psychosis treatment: (1) blended features, (2) cautions, and (3) therapeutic alliance.

Conclusions

We found that young people were very enthusiastic about the prospect of blended models of mental health care, in so far as it was used to enhance their experience of traditional face-to-face treatment but not to replace it overall. Aspects of blended treatment that could enhance clinical care were readily identified by young people as increasing accessibility, continuity, and consolidation; accessing posttherapy support; strengthening the relationship between young person and clinician; and tracking personal data that could be used to better inform clinical decision making. Future research is needed to investigate the efficacy of blended models of care by evaluating its impact on the therapeutic alliance, clinical and social outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and engagement.
Mental Health Disorders and Associated Risk Factors in Quarantined Adults During the COVID-19 Outbreak in China: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Guo Yan , Cheng Chao , Zeng Yu , Li Yiran , Zhu Mengting , Yang Weixiong , Xu He , Li Xiaohua , Leng Jinhang , Monroe-Wise Aliza , Wu Shaomin
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

People undergoing mass home- and community-based quarantine are vulnerable to mental health disorders during outbreaks of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but few studies have evaluated the associated psychosocial factors.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and identify associated demographic and psychosocial factors in the general Chinese population during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine period.

METHODS

Participants aged 18 years or above were recruited in a cross-sectional online survey using snowball sampling from February 26-29, 2020. The survey included questions on demographics, family relationships, chronic diseases, quarantine conditions, lifestyle, COVID-19 infection, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with elevated anxiety or depressive symptoms.

RESULTS

Out of 2331 participants, 762 (32.7%) experienced elevated anxiety or depressive symptoms. Nine risk factors associated with anxiety or depressive symptoms included younger age, reduced income, having cancer or other chronic diseases, having family members living with cancer, concerns related to COVID-19 infection for themselves or family members, living alone, having family conflicts, having <3 or >8 hours of sedentary time per day, and worsened sleep quality.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings highlight an urgent need for psychological support for populations at high risk for elevated anxiety or depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Case-Initiated COVID-19 Contact Tracing Using Anonymous Notifications (Preprint)
Authors: Cheng Weibin , Hao Chun
Published: May 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

We discuss the concept of a participatory digital contact notification approach to assist tracing of contacts who are exposed to confirmed cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19); the approach is simple and affordable for countries with limited access to health care resources and advanced technology. The proposed tool serves as a supplemental contract tracing approach to counteract the shortage of health care staff while providing privacy protection for both cases and contacts. This tool can be deployed on the internet or as a plugin for a smartphone app. Confirmed cases with COVID-19 can use this tool to provide contact information (either email addresses or mobile phone numbers) of close contacts. The system will then automatically send a message to the contacts informing them of their contact status, what this status means, the actions that should follow (eg, self-quarantine, respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette), and advice for receiving early care if they develop symptoms. The name of the sender of the notification message by email or mobile phone can be anonymous or not. The message received by the contact contains no disease information but contains a security code for the contact to log on the platform to retrieve the information.
Evaluasi Berbagai Genotipe Jagung (Zea mays L.) pada Dua Macam Pemberian Nitrogen
Authors: Christian Reynaldo , Ambarwati Erlina
Published: May 2020

Jagung (Zea mays L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman penting dengan tujuan utama dari budidaya untuk menghasilkan potensi hasil panen. Karakter pada tanaman yang memiliki nilai ekonomis biasanya dipengaruhi oleh karakter poligenik yang kompleks, dan menunjukan pengaruh yang tinggi dari lingkungan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan mengevaluasi performa berbagai jenis kultivar pada lingkungan dengan bermacam pemberian N. Penelitian dilaksanakan di dua macam lahan di daerah Bantul, Yogyakarta dengan karakter lahan berpasir di Srandakan dan lahan sawah di Sewon dengan dua macam pemberian pupuk N (dengan pupuk N dan tanpa pupuk N). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada akhir bulan Mei 2017 hingga pertengahan bulan September 2017. Dipilih tiga kultivar jagung hibrida komersil (‘Pioneer-35’, ‘Bisi 816’, ‘Bima 20’), tiga kultivar komposit (‘Srikandi’, ‘Sukmaraga’, dan ‘Lamuru’) dan satu kultivar komposit jagung lokal (jagung putih). Hasil menunjukkan kultivar hibrida memiliki performa yang baik pada lingkungan dengan pemberian N. Kultivar OP memiliki performa sedang pada seluruh lingkungan dan kultivar komposit lokal memiliki performa rendah di seluruh lingkungan.
Seleksi Pohon Induk Kakao Berdaya Hasil Tinggi Menggunakan Analisis Komponen Utama
Authors: Hidayat Imam
Published: May 2020

Peningkatan produktivitas kakao perlu didukung oleh ketersedian bahan tanam unggul, yakni bahan tanam yang memiliki daya hasil dan mutu hasil tinggi, serta memiliki ketahanan terhadap penyakit utama. Hal ini dapat diwujudkan melalui berbagai kegiatan mulai dari pemanfaatan plasma nutfah hingga pengujian hasil silangan antar klon dalam suatu populasi. PT Pagilaran Unit Segayung Utara memiliki total luas areal pertanaman kakao asal biji sebesar 280,35 hektar. Dari populasi tersebut dapat dilakukan kegiatan eksplorasi dan seleksi untuk mendapatkan individu pohon yang memiliki daya hasil tinggi serta mutu biji baik. Penelitian di lapangan dilakukan dengan mengamati karakter buah 185 pohon kakao asal biji dengan membandingkan terhadap klon RCC 70, RCC 71 dan KKM 4 sebagai pembanding. Karakter buah yang diamati adalah panjang buah, diameter buah, berat segar buah, jumlah biji per buah, berat segar biji per buah, berat kering biji per buah, tebal kulit buah, berat segar kulit buah, kekerasan kulit buah dan berat kering per biji. Hasil seleksi melalui analisis komponen utama, dengan menggunakan karakter jumlah biji per buah, berat segar biji per buah dan berat kering perbiji sebagai kriteria seleksi menunjukkan bahwa pohon 149, 182 dan 233 berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai pohon induk.
Kadar Lemak Total Biji Kakao Kebun Induk Pagilaran Samigaluh Kulon Progo
Authors: Purwa Dhemas Adi
Published: May 2020

Mutu biji kakao merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam produksi kakao dan olahannya. Pengamatan mutu biji kakao sangat penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui sifat unggul kakao, termasuk di dalamnya varietas atau klon-klon baru hasil pemuliaan tanaman. Salah satu faktor penentu keberhasilan pengembangan kakao adalah dukungan ketersediaan bahan tanam unggul dan bermutu. Analisis mutu biji khususnya kadar lemak dilakukan untuk menentukan nomor-nomor aksesi yang mempunyai potensi keunggulan dan dapat digunakan sebagai sumber bahan tanam dengan sifat kadar lemak >50%. Selain kadar lemak total, sifat komponen buah yang diamati meliputi bobot buah segar, panjang buah, lebar buah, tebal kulit buah, jumlah biji perbuah, bobot basah biji per buah, dan bobot kering biji per buah. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap 19 nomor pohon di kebun induk PT. Pagilaran Unit Samigaluh, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kadar lemak total tidak berbeda nyata, keragaman genetik kadar lemak total sangat rendah. Sifat komponen buah yang mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kadar lemak total adalah bobot basah biji per buah.
PENGARUH BAHAN ORGANIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL PADI (Oryza sativa L.) TERCEKAM SALINITAS
Authors: Arifiani Fidian Nur
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh macam bahan organik berupa pupuk kandang ayam dan pupuk hijau azolla dalam mengurangi dampak  cekaman salinitas pada tanaman padi. Rancangan perlakuan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) Faktorial. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengaplikasikan jenis bahan organik berbeda pada beberapa tingkat salinitas. Perlakuan jenis bahan organik terdiri dari tiga aras yakni tanpa bahan organik (B0), penggunaan pupuk kandang ayam (B1), dan penggunaan pupuk hijau azolla (B2), sedangkan perlakuan tingkat salinitas terdiri dari empat aras yaitu EC <0,4 dS/m atau kontrol (S0), 2,5 dS/m (S1), 5 dS/m (S2) dan 7,5 dS/m (S3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan pertumbuhan dan hasil secara nyata pada tanaman padi varietas IR-64 yang tercekam salinitas dimulai dari tingkat salinitas 2,5 dS/m pada parameter pertumbuhan luas daun, bobot segar tajuk, bobot kering tajuk, bobot kering akar, bobot kering total tanaman. Sementara pada parameter hasil terjadi penurunan pada panjang malai, bobot malai, jumlah gabah per malai, bobot 100 butir gabah bernas dan bobot gabah kering giling total per rumpun. Pupuk kandang ayam menghasilkan tinggi tanaman tertinggi, sedangkan pupuk hijau azolla memberikan hasil tertinggi pada bobot segar tajuk, bobot segar akar, bobot kering akar, jumlah anakan, bobot kering total tanaman dan jumlah malai.
Pengembangan Metode Penyaringan Klon Tebu Tahan Kering Menggunakan Metode Pengendalian Kadar Lengas
Authors: Pinilih Yasinta , Taryono Taryono , Wulandari Rani Agustina
Published: May 2020

Tebu merupakan salah satu tanaman pengahasil gula yang digunakan di Indonesia. Luas areal tebu di lahan sawah beririgasi di Jawa semakin berkurang. Kini areal tebu di lahan sawah tinggal sekitar 40 %, selebihnya telah beralih ke lahan kering. Pada fase perkecambahan,  kebutuhan air tanaman rendah, kemudian mulai meningkat pada fase pertunasan dan mencapai puncaknya pada fase pemanjangan batang. Tujuan penelitian ini, akan dilihat ketahanan bibit tebu terhadap cekaman saat fase perkecambahan dan proses beradaptasinya kembali tebu saat fase pertumbuhan tunas dari kondisi tercekam. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei hingga September 2016 di Kebun Percobaan Banguntapan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Rancangan Percobaan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama yaitu kadar lengas yang terdiri dari 4 aras yaitu 100%, 80%, 60%, dan 40%. Faktor kedua adalah klon tebu yaitu klon PS 862, PS 864, Kidang Kencana (KK), Bululawang (BL), dan VMC 76-16. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pengaturan kadar lengas mampu mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tebu dengan menurunnya angka pertumbuhan beberapa klon ketikakadar lengas diturunkan hingga 40%. Klon KK menjadi klon yang memiliki hasil terendah dan kurang tahan terhadap perlakuan cekaman kekeringan
Pengaruh Aplikasi Silika terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Padi  (Oryza sativa L.) pada Kondisi Salin
Authors: Ikhsanti Afiffah , Kurniasih Budiastuti , Indradewa Didik
Published: May 2020

Salinitas merupakan salah satu faktor abiotik yang membatasi pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman di seluruh dunia. Penyerapan Si oleh tanaman diketahui mampu mengurangi cekaman salinitas melalui perbaikan pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh penambahan silika terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi tercekam salinitas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di rumah kaca, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada pada bulan Juni-September 2017. Penelitian disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan 2 faktor dan 3 blok yang dijadikan sebagai ulangan. Faktor pertama yaitu tingkat cekaman salinitas akibat penambahan NaCl (N) yang terdiri atas tiga level yaitu air non salin (<0,4 dS/m), 4, dan 8 dS/m. Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi SiO2 (S) yang terdiri dari 0, 1, 2, dan 3 mM. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada kondisi tanpa pemberian silika, tanaman padi tidak mampu bertahan terhadap cekaman salinitas dilihat dari penurunan gabah kering giling yang terjadi, sedangkan pada penambahan silika konsentrasi 1-2 mM menyebabkan tanaman mampu mempertahankan hasil hingga salinitas 8 dS/m.
Pengaruh Macam Pupuk Organik Cair dan Dosis Pupuk Anorganik terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Jagung (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Irsyad Yogie Muhamad Mas'ud , Kastono Dody
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan kombinasi antara macam pupuk organik cair dengan dosis pupuk anorganik yang mampu mendukung pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung terbaik. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Juli 2018 di Kebun Pusat Inovasi Agroteknogi (PIAT) UGM. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap (RAKL) untuk menguji lima macam pupuk organik cair serta dosis pupuk anorganik yang terdiri atas 0 %, 35 %, dan 75 % dari rekomendasi Dinas Pertanian. Kontrol merupakan dosis pupuk anorganik 100 %, yaitu urea 300 kg/ha, SP-36 100 kg/ha, dan KCl 75 kg/ha. Data pertumbuhan dan komponen hasil dianalisis varian menurut kaidah rancangan acak kelompok lengkap dilanjutkan dengan uji HSD dengan taraf kepercayaan masing-masing 95 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa macam pupuk organik cair memberikan pengaruh yang sama terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung tetapi tidak dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung. Dosis pupuk anorganik 75 dan 100 % rekomendasi nyata meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman sebesar 25 % dan meningkatkan produktivitas sebesar 50 % jika dibandingkan tanpa pupuk anorganik. Pupuk organik cair dapat menghemat penggunaan pupuk anorganik sebesar 25 % terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung. Pemberian dosis pupuk anorganik rekomendasi Dinas Pertanian belum mampu mengoptimalkan potensi hasil jagung.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF TADALAFIL IN BULK AND FORMULATION
Authors: GHURGHURE SHRISHAIL M. , DYAWARKONDA MANISHA S. , YANJANE SACHIN
Published: May 2020

Objective: A new simple, sensitive, precise and reproducible spectroscopic method was developed for the determination of Tadalafil in Pharmaceutical formulation with Dimethyl Sulfoxide.

Methods: The UV spectrum of Tadalafil in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) showed λ max at 285.6 nm. Beer’s law is valid in the concentration range of 10-60µg/ml. This method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness and robustness.

Results: The method was demonstrated excellent linearity over the range of 10-60µg/ml with regression equation y= 0.0337x-0.1343 and regression correlation R2= 0.998. Moreover, the method was found to be highly sensitive with LOD (2.44µg/ml) and LOQ (7.40µg/ml).

Conclusion: Based on results, the proposed method can be successfully applied for assay of Tadalafil in various pharmaceutical dosage forms.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LIPOSOMAL GEL CONTAINING EXTRACT OF PIPRINE
Authors: THORAT YOGESH S. , KOTE NAGESH S. , PATIL VIRENDRA V. , HOSMANI AVINASH H.
Published: May 2020

Objective: The objective of present research work is to develop Liposomes as a carrier system for 70% Hydroalcoholic extract, its incorporation in to gel formulations and to characterize the prepared and develop Liposomal gel formulation. There are many reports revealing the pharmacological potential of Piper Nigrum.

Methods: Cholestrol in various weight ratios were dissolved in 10 ml of Methanol: Chloroform (1:1) ratio used as a solvent. The extract solution was taken in a 500 ml round bottom flask. The flask was rotated in rotary flash evaporator at 40 rpm for 20 min in the thermostatically controlled water bath at 40 °C under vacuum 240 mmHg. The solvent was slowly removed by this process, and a very thin film of dry lipids was formed on the flask. The dry lipid film was slowly hydrated with 10 ml of Saline Phosphate Buffer pH 7.4 containing Insulin Drug. The flask was once again rotated at the same speed as before and at room temperature for 2 hr. The liposomal was left to overnight at 4°C, full lipid hydration.

Results: This study was done for herbal formulations used for topical delivery of therapeutic agents at the time of injury to accelerate skin repair in the shortest time possible, with minimal pain. Plant Piper Nigrum. Family Piperaceac is extensively used.

Conclusion: The present study revealed liposomal gel as an efficient carrier for herbal extract. Keywords: Piperine, Gel, Herbal extract, Liposomes, Liposomal gel.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CRACK CREAM FROM PLANT EXTRACTS
Authors: PATIL VIRENDRA V. , THORAT YOGESH S. , KOTE NAGESH S. , HOSMANI AVINASH H.
Published: May 2020

Objective: The main aim of our research was to develop an anti-cracked heels cream formulation consisting of Hedychium Spicatum, Aloe barbadensis, Azadirachta indica for the treatment of cracked heels.

Methods: An anti-cracked heels cream formulation consisting of Hedychium Spicatum, Aloe barbadensis, Azadirachta indica extracts was prepared. Microbiological studies were performed the safety of materials used in the formulation.

Results: The developed cream consisting of Hedychium Spicatum, Aloe barbadensis, Azadirachta indica was found to be safe and effective for the treatment of cracked heels.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that herbal creams without side effects having anti-inflammatory property can be used as the provision of a barrier to protect the skin.
ROLE OF MICROSPHERES IN NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: PREPARATION METHODS AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: KAKKAR VASUNDHRA , WANI SHAHID UD DIN , GAUTAM SURYA PRAKASH , QADRIE ZULFKAR LATIEF
Published: May 2020

Microsphere based drug delivery system has gained substantial attention in the modern era. Microspheres are normally free-flowing powders that can be made with both natural and synthetic polymers. The sizes of the microspheres ranges from 1 to 1000 µm. Microspheres are matrix systems in which the drug is uniformly dispersed, dissolved or suspended. Microspheres contain solid or liquid drug dissolved or dispersed in a matrix system. The current review provides an inclusive outline of up to date and novel developments on formations of microspheres which have been reported to increase bioavailability, improves stability, enhances biological half-life and reduces the toxicity of the drug. Microsphere provides efficient delivery of various proteins and peptide molecules. There are different types of microspheres such as bio adhesive microsphere, magnetic microsphere, floating microsphere, and polymeric microspheres. Diverse kinds of methods are used in the formulation of microsphere e. g. Simple emulsion-based method, Double emulsion-based method, Interfacial deposition technique, Interfacial polymerization technique, Phase separation method, and Spray drying. Microspheres deliver the drug in a controlled manner through different routes like oral, topical, naso-pulmonary and gene therapy. The Polymeric based microspheres are model carriers for numerous controlled delivery applications owing to their capacity to encapsulate a diversity of drugs, bio-compatibility, high bio-availability and continuous drug release character. Therefore, by developing newer techniques, it can give more therapeutic effects and improves the safety of drugs. The formation of microspheres has been reported to increase bioavailability, improves stability, enhances biological half-life and reduces the toxicity of the drug.
DIFFERENCES OF MAGNESIUM SERUM LEVELS BEFORE AND AFTER THE ADMISSION OF MgSO4 IN PREECLAMPSIA PATIENTS
Authors: LUMBANRAJA SARMA N. , ADNANI MUHAMMAD RAFI J. , DINA SARAH , LUBIS MUARA P. , HARTONO HANUDSE , EDIANTO DERI
Published: May 2020

Objective: The definitive treatment of preeclampsia until the fetus and placenta are delivered with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is a modality for the prevention and treatment of eclampsia. This study aims to determine the differences in serum magnesium (Mg) levels between before and after administration of MgSO4 in preeclampsia patients.

Methods: This research was an analytical study with experimental design with one group pre and post-test control group design in 4 hospitals in Medan City, North Sumatera, Indonesia from July to November 2019, the preeclampsia group and as a control group is the normal pregnant women. Statistical analysis was performed to determine differences in initial serum Mg levels in the two groups, and differences in serum Mg levels before and after administration of MgSO4 in the preeclampsia group.

Results: The study was conducted on 50 samples, divided into 2 groups with a total of 25 samples each. The mean Mg of serum in the preeclampsia group was 1,39 mEq/l (SD±0,28) lower than the control group, which was 1,53 mEq/l (SD±0,17) (p = 0.004). The average Mg level in preeclampsia patients before administration of MgSO4 was 1,39 mEq/l (SD±0,28), after MgSO4 administration, the average Mg level became 4,90 mEq/l (SD±0,37) (p<0,001).

Conclusion: MgSO4 administration provides a significant increase in serum Mg levels in preeclampsia women. Serum Mg levels in preeclampsia patients are significantly lower than in women with normal pregnancies.
Carcinoma papilar difuso de tiroides: Microcalcificaciones fuera del nodulo tiroideo
Authors: Ramírez Gutiérrez Alfredo , Pérez-González Adrian Fernando , Paredes-Manjarréz Carlos , Alfeiran-Ruiz Antonio , Romo-Aguirre Catalina , Rodríguez-Gómez Adriana , Quiroz Castro Oscar
Published: May 2020

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The incidence of thyroid papillary cancer (PTC) has increased from 1975 to 2015. Ultrasound is effective for predicting thyroid malignancy based on published criteria. All of these criteria focus on thyroid nodules but also 2% of the cases may appear as diffuse punctuate echogenic foci without an identifiable nodule. 
CASE: A 17-year-old female with a 3-month history of a palpable mass on the right anterior side of the neck without any further symptoms. Neck ultrasound revealed multiple punctuate echogenic foci scattered along the thyroid parenchyma with a 6 mm nodule TI-RADS 5 on the left lobe, lymph nodes with cystic and solid components, loss of echogenic hilum and punctuate echogenic foci.
The patient underwent a total thyroidectomy with bilateral lymphadenectomy.
The pathology report revealed diffuse distribution of papillary cancer with a nodule on the left lobe and metastatic disease on the lymph nodes. 
DISCUSSION: Microcalcifications are highly suggestive of PTC. Punctuate echogenic foci correlate in pathology with a form of dystrophic calcifications, called Psammoma bodies, which are deposited in nonviable tissue. Chronic thyroiditis may also present dystrophic calcifications. Thus, a normal thyroid parenchyma with microcalcifications should encourage the radiologist perform a fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Recent studies suggest that lobectomy is a viable option and should be pursued in the setting of localized PTC (<2cm). A lobectomy should not be performed in patients with diffuse microcalcifications since it would result in an unfavorable outcome. 
CONCLUSIONS: Diffuse microcalcifications should immediately make the radiologist to suspect diffuse PTC as a first diagnostic option.
Key words: Thyroid papillary cancer (PTC), Ultrasound  (US), Psammoma, Chronic thyroiditis
El aprendizaje basado en problemas como una estrategia didáctica para la educación médica
Authors: Laguna Maldonado Kevin David , Matuz Mares Deyamira
Published: May 2020

Medical education faces new challenges in the development and acquisition of competencies in medical students, and although there are teaching strategies that can be helpful to reach this goal, PBL is one of the best strategies. In order to take advantage of PBL, it is important to understand the method and the various ways in which it has been implemented, as well as to identify the difficulties and disadvantages of PBL. The objective of this article is to review the PBL method, its advantages and disadvantages, and some frequent mistakes in its implementation, emphasizing the Mexican context.
Key words: Medical education; PBL; didactic; competences
Un alma con arcoíris
Authors: Fortoul van der Goes Teresa I.
Published: May 2020

Laura Burch was a self-taught artist, daughter of the hippie generation. It was not uncommon to see her on the streets of San Francisco in the United States selling her brilliantly colored, vibrant, and poignant, exquisitely adorned, handcrafted jewelry. That unmistakable style reflected her love for life and her strongly creative nature that transcended the business, financial and fashion circles around the world. Although she died from complications of a rare and painful bone disease, her legacy lives on in all kinds of decorative motifs that can be found on a range of objects for the home or kitchen. But her greatest legacy was her unstoppable creativity.
Individual differences in implicit associations between red and green colors and failure and success among Chinese adults
Authors: Hong Xiaobin , He Zhaorui , Zou Rong
Published: May 2020

We tested if the association of the color red with negative meaning and failure varies according to social context and life experience. A Stroop word evaluation task was used to investigate the link between the colors red and green, and failure and success among 3 groups of Chinese
people, comprising college students, shareholders, and adults in the general population. Results show that whereas college students reacted faster to red–failure and green–success words, shareholders reacted faster to red–success and green–failure words, and there was
no association between color and valence among the adults in the general population. To the best of our knowledge we are the first to show individual differences in implicit color–valence association related to success and failure.
Political Issues of Cooperation on Global Terrorism between the EU and Russia’s Police and Special Agencies
Authors: Nadtochey Yury I. , Malfait Milka
Published: May 2020

This article explains the institutional framework for EU-Russia cooperation, in particular in the field of combating terrorism. Under auspices of the Permanent Partnership Council, a political dialogue has been established, with four road maps concluded on its sidelines. Due to the Road map on the Common Space of Freedom, Security and Justice, Russia has the possibility not only to establish bilateral relations with EU member states, but also with the EU as an organization. This article discusses practical ways for Russia to cooperate with the EU and its Member States in the fight against terrorism. The authors emphasize the distinctive features between the simple exchange of information and real joint operational forces. This article highlights that Russia-EU cooperation will improve only if both sides consider the same terrorist organizations from common angle.
Sobornost’ and Humanism: Cultural-Philosophical Analysis of V. Ivanov Essay “Legion and Sobornost’ ”
Authors: Corrado-Kazanski Florance
Published: May 2020

This paper addresses the philosophical and cultural significance of the concept of «sobornost’» both in the cultural context of Silver Age and in the historical context of World War I. The analysis of Ivanov’s thought is based on a philological approach of his essay «Legion and Sobornost’» (1916), in which the author explains his understanding of such terms as organisation, cooperation, collectivism in order to clarify his own idea of collegiality and the ontological opposition of the title. The opposition between legion and collegiality duplicates the confrontation between Germany and Russia. Vyach. Ivanov first conducts a cultural analysis of such a confrontation, and criticizes Nietzscheanism in German culture at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. He proves the false understanding of the organization in modern German culture. In his opinion, the main values of freedom and personhood are the measure of lies or truth. In the last chapter of his essay, Vyach. Ivanov gives his own definition of collegiality, not referring to Russian thinkers, but quoting the two cities of St. Augustine’s thought. The author of the article shows that the culturological perspective is overcome by the Christian anthropological and mystical perspective, which proclaims humanism and Christocentrism. Therefore, accordind to Vyach. Ivanov, the word “sobornost” is a “universal word”, which mentions that the true social union has Christ as its center. In this sense, the concept of collegiality signifies the same mystical reality that the City of God of St. Augustine.
Long-timed words, Peirce Triangle, Tetrahedron of Ontological Propis
Authors: Pavlenko A. N.
Published: May 2020

In this work author analyses names (signs) with the period of existence greater than zero. The whole body of names (signs) is divided into 1) “long-timed words” and 2) “singular words”. It is shown that in Peirce Triangle the name (sign) itself, its denotation and meaning may last in different combinations. Typology of “long-timed words” and “singular words” is described. New notion describing the world of possible and real objects is introduced - Ontological Space or Writing Sample (Propis). Tetrahedron of Propis is also introduced with meaning (concept) rather than name (sign) as its apex. It is shown than neither “name” nor “denotate” can exist without sense whilst sense can exist without “name” or “denotate”. The fact that Writing Sample (Propis) consists of “segments-streaks” is justified. It is also shown that “long-timed words” do (do not) correspond to these “segments-streaks” of the Propis. Analysis of the Propis led to formulating fourteen axioms that its “segments-streaks” and “long-timed words” obey.
Ledelse af innovation i den offentlige sektor: Kommunal affaldshåndtering som en del af noget større
Authors: Nielsen René Nesgaard
Published: May 2020

Den offentlige sektor står over for mange og store udfordringer i det 21. århundrede, og der kan argumenteres for, at innovation skal være en del af svaret på disse udfordringer. I denne artikel fremdrages forskellige bud fra den eksisterende litteratur på, hvordan innovation kan initieres og ledes i den offentlige sektor. Artiklen indeholder også en case om en ny og innovativ tilgang til kommunal affaldshåndtering, og når denne case sammenholdes med de grundlæggende teoretiske perspektiver fra litteraturen, så viser analysen, at den konkrete innovationsproces mest hensigtsmæssigt kan ses som værende en del af et større og komplekst system, hvori mange aktører, delelementer og delprocesser har været relevante og spillet en rolle. Dette bliver diskuteret yderligere i slutningen af artiklen sammen med nogle af de heraf afledte konsekvenser for ledelse af innovation i den offentlige sektor.
PEDAGOGÍA CRÍTICA PARA LA CONCIENCIACIÓN EN TORNO A LA DISCRIMINACIÓN DE GÉNERO Y LA EMANCIPACIÓN DE LAS CHICAS EN EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA
Authors: Sánchez Hernández Nuria , Soler Prat Susanna , Martos García Daniel
Published: May 2020

No estudo que apresentamos, as possibilidades da pedagogia crítica como uma ferramenta para aumentar a conscientização dos estudantes de Educação Física sobre as desigualdades de gênero são postas na mesa. A inovação educacional consistiu em oito sessões de futebol por meio de aprendizado cooperativo e pretextos críticos voltados à reflexão. A pesquisa leva um olhar etnográfico. Os resultados mostraram mudanças muito significativas nas meninas em aspectos atitudinais e relacionais. Passaram do conformismo inicial para explicitar suas queixas e tomar as rédeas dos grupos cooperativos. Isso nos dá esperança para o potencial emancipador da proposta.
The role of derivative instruments on risk relevance from emerging market non-financial companies
Authors: Firmansyah Amrie , Utami Wiwik , Umar Haryono , Mulyani Susi Dwi
Published: May 2020

This study aims to investigate the effect of net income volatility, other comprehensive income volatility, and comprehensive income volatility on idiosyncratic volatility. Also, this study includes derivative transactions as moderation variable in testing the equation model. The hypothesis test employed multiple linear regression. The sample in this study is all non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2017. Data used in this study are panel data sourced from www.idx.co.id and www.finance.yahoo.com. The sample selection in this study used a purposive sampling method with a total sample of 246 observations. The results of this study indicate that comprehensive income volatility, net income volatility, and other comprehensive income volatility are not associated with idiosyncratic volatility. Based on the test results suggest that the interaction between derivative transactions and comprehensive income volatility, net income volatility, as well as other comprehensive income volatility, have a positive effect on idiosyncratic volatility.
Low-Carbohydrate and Very-Low-Carbohydrate Diets in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Merrill Jennifer D. , Soliman Diana , Kumar Nitya , Lim Sooyoung , Shariff Afreen I. , Yancy William S.
Published: May 2020

Low-carbohydrate diets have been advocated as an effective method for promoting weight loss in overweight and obese individuals and preventing and treating type 2 diabetes. This article reviews the differences between various low-carbohydrate eating plans and discusses the benefits and drawbacks of such a diet based on available evidence. It also offers practical pointers for clinicians.
An Update on the Mediterranean, Vegetarian, and DASH Eating Patterns in People With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Benson Gretchen , Hayes Joy
Published: May 2020

When it comes to eating, there is no “one-size-fits-all” solution. This article provides an overview of recommendations and research for three evidence-based eating patterns—Mediterranean, DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension), and vegetarian/vegan—that can be individualized for people with type 2 diabetes. In an effort to improve adherence and health outcomes, practical considerations for improving nutrition are highlighted with the aim of helping patients successfully adopt an eating pattern that meets their individual needs and sociocultural and personal preferences.
What Makes Nutrition Research So Difficult to Conduct and Interpret?
Authors: Vitolins Mara Z. , Case Talsi L.
Published: May 2020

Conducting and interpreting nutrition research involves consideration of the research question, study design, wide variability of nutrients in foods and dietary patterns, food environment, approaches used to collect and analyze dietary data, and manner in which results are reported. This article reviews all of these considerations with regard to diabetes-related nutrition research.
Haydar Kazgan’ın Ekonomi Tarihi Çalışmaları Işığında Tarih Ders Kitaplarının İncelenmesi
Authors: ADALAR Hayati
Published: May 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı cumhuriyet tarihinin önemli ekonomi tarihi profesörlerinden biri olan Haydar Kazgan’ın ekonomi tarihi kapsamında yaptığı çalışmalarında ortaya koyduğu görüşleri ile ülkemizdeki mevcut lise tarih ders kitaplarının karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesidir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma deseni takip edilmiş olup, doküman incelemesi yöntemine başvurulmuştur. Verilerin analizinde ise içerik analizine başvurulmuştur. Bu çerçevede öncelikle Haydar Kazgan’ın mevcut çalışmaları incelenmiştir. Böylelikle yazarın ekonomi tarihi çalışmaları kapsamında yoğunlukla tartıştığı 8 adet tarihi olay ve kurum listelenmiştir. Bunlar “Kapitülasyonlar, Yeniçeri Ocağının Kaldırılması, Düyûn-ı Umûmiye, Osmanlı Bankası, 1877-78 Osmanlı-Rus Savaşı, Galata Bankerleri, Gedikler ve İç ve Dış Borçları”dır. Sonraki aşamada ise bu olayların lise tarih ders kitaplarında nasıl verildiği, olayların ekonomi ile ilişkisinin nasıl yansıtıldığı Haydar Kazgan’ın görüşleri çerçevesinde karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiş ve tartışılmıştır. Bu araştırma lise tarih ders kitaplarında ele alınan bu tarihi olay ve kurumların ekonomi disiplininin temel anlayışı çerçevesinde incelenmesinin bu konuların daha doğru ve bilimsel bir şekilde anlaşılması ve yorumlanmasına katkı sağlayabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.
PARTICULARIDADES SINTÁCTICAS DEL LENGUAJE DE LOS JÓVENES ESPAÑOLES Y RUMANOS EN LAS REDES SOCIALES
Authors: CANDALE Carmen-Valentina
Published: May 2020

Syntactic Features of the Language of Romanian and Spanish Young People in Social Media. The technological evolution from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 has generated new ways of communicating over the Internet that allow the user to create varied content and therefore promote the use of a language which corresponds firstly to its subjectivity and only secondly to the rules of the language and principles of organizing the discourse of the standard language. The aim of this study is to comparatively analyse the syntactic features specific to this type of language, within the social group of young Spanish and young Romanians, using for this a corpus consisting of language samples collected from four of the most used social media platforms: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Tinder. Therefore, some of the most relevant features identified are: the pragmatic order of the utterance’s units, the tendency to use the coordination and the creative connection of the utterances, the presence of unorganized constructions around a verb in personal form, the inseration of graphic elements and links into text and the use of exclamations and interrogations.
REZUMAT. Particularități sintactice ale limbajului tinerilor români și spanioli în mediul rețelelor sociale. Evoluția tehnologică de la Web 1.0 la Web 2.0 a generat apariția de noi modalități de comunicare pe internet, care îi permit utilizatorului crearea de conținut variat și favorizează astfel utilizarea unui limbaj care corespunde, în primul rând, subiectivității acestuia și doar, în mod secundar, normelor limbii și principiilor de organizare a discursului proprii limbii standard. Scopul acestui studiu este acela de a analiza comparativ trăsăturile sintactice specifice acestui tip de limbaj, în cadrul grupului social al tinerilor spanioli și în cel al tinerilor români, utilizând, pentru aceasta, un corpus alcătuit din mostre de limbaj colectate de pe patru dintre cele mai utilizate platforme sociale actuale: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter și Tinder. Prin urmare, unele dintre cele mai relevante trăsături identificate sunt: ordinea pragmatică a unităților enunțului, propensiunea înspre utilizarea coordonării și a conexiunii creative a enunțurilor, prezența construcțiilor neorganizate în jurul unui verb la formă personală, inserarea elementelor grafice și a linkurilor în text și folosirea exclamațiilor și a interogațiilor.
Cuvinte-cheie: Web 2.0, social media, limbajul tinerilor, sociolingvistică, ordine pragmatică, dislocații, oralitate, sintaxă.
CONCORDANCES ÉTYMOLOGIQUES ET LEXICO-SÉMANTIQUES ENTRE LE FRANÇAIS RÉGIONAL ET LE ROUMAIN
Authors: CHIRCU Adrian
Published: May 2020

Etymological and Lexical-Semantic Concordances Between Regional French and Romanian language. In our study, we propose to discuss about some lexical-semantic concordances between regional French and Romanian language, that can be explained through the heritage of Latin lexis. Having the purpose of building an objective analysis, we referred to a wide French regionalism dictionary and we selected a number of terms, whose significations were subsequently related to some meanings of homologous words in Romanian language. Furthermore, we kept permanently the reference to their Latin etymons and to their signification. We considered as well some aspects of word formation in Latin and the later development that took place. Pursuant to the lexical unities’ comparison, we discovered that there is certainly a conservationism of regional French and of Romanian towards Latin, from both semantic and structural perspectives.
REZUMAT. Concordanţe etimologice şi lexico-semantice între franceza regională şi limba română. În studiul nostru, ne propunem să discutăm pe marginea unor corespondenţe lexico-semantice între franceza regională şi limba română, care se explică prin moştenirea fondului lexical latin. În vederea realizării unei analize obiective, am consultat un amplu dicţionar de regionalisme franceze şi am selectat un număr de termeni, ale căror semnificaţii au fost ulterior puse în relaţie cu anumite sensuri ale cuvintelor omologe din limba română.  De asemenea, ne-am raportat în permanenţă la etimoanele lor latineşti şi la semnificaţia acestora. Am avut în vedere şi unele aspecte privitoare la formarea cuvintelor în latină şi dezvoltările ulterioare care au avut loc. În urma comparării acestor unităţi lexicale, am constatat că avem a face fără îndoială cu un conservatorism al francezei regionale şi al românei faţă de latină, atât din punct de vedere semantic, cât şi structural.
Cuvinte-cheie : limba latină, limba franceză (regională), limba română, concordanţă, dicţionar, etimologie, semnificaţie, lexic.