bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Rate of Laryngeal Preservation in Patients undergoing Radiotherapy with Concurrent Chemotherapy for Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Larynx: A Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: Saseendran Devika , Khader Shehna Abdul , Raghavan Ajithkumar Vilasini
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Advanced laryngeal cancer carries significant morbidity with deterioration sinquality of life. The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 91-11 study found that in the management of advanced laryngeal cancers, Concurrent Chemotherapy and Radiation (CCRT) produced significant organ preservation compared with other treatment modalities without compromising locoregional control and survival outcomes. These studies lead to the employment of CCRT for advanced laryngeal cancer with the aim of organ preservation. Aim: To assess the rate of laryngeal preservation in patients undergoing CCRT in a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: The present prospective, interventional study was conducted in the Department of Radiotherapy, Government Medical college, Thrissur, Kerala, India comprising the newly diagnosed patients with locally advanced laryngeal cancers from July 2019 to August 2020. Conventional radiotherapy with a dose of 66 Gray in 33 fractions over 6.5 weeks was given concurrently with injection cisplatin 100 mg/m2 intravenously every three weeks and periodically followed-up for one year. Results: Out of 50 study participants, 40% of the target population were between 51-60 years of age and 90% of the cases were males. The rates of laryngeal preservation were found to be 88% according to this study. The study proved that laryngeal preservation was significantly lower in cases with age 61-70 years, with those with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score of 2, nodal stage N3 and stage IV disease and in those with fewer chemo cycles. There was no relationship between laryngeal preservation sex, tumour stage, composite stage. Conclusion: These results show that the rates of laryngeal preservation were found to be higher in advanced laryngeal cancers undergoing radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy. Locoregional control was higher without causing severe toxicities. This study shows that higher rates of laryngeal preservation could be achieved with good locoregional control thereby leading to organ preservation and avoidance of severe morbid surgical procedures.
Brief Digital Interventions: An Implementation-Sensitive Approach to Addressing School Mental Health Needs of Youth with Mild and Emerging Mental Health Difficulties
Authors: Cwinn Eli , Barry Emily A. , Weisz John R. , Bailin Abby , Fitzpatrick Olivia M. , Venturo-Conerly Katherine , Crooks Claire V.
Published: November 2022

Brief digital interventions (BDIs) may help address the mental health needs of students when realworld resource constraints limit access to in-person or longer-form care. This article describes BDIs, which are conceptualized as being at the intersection of short-term interventions, internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy programs, and measurement-based care. We use a real-world example of a BDI which was delivered in Ontario schools as a practice example for this mode of intervention. We then identify potential clinical and ethical considerations, and we highlight some of the challenges of implementing and evaluating innovative interventions and measurement-based care initiatives in Canadian schools.
Assessing Households’ Fuel Wood Sources and Tree Species Preference in Foot Hills of North-Western Himalayas
Authors: Jan Bisma , Mushtaq Tahir , Sofi P. A. , Ahmad Peerzada Ishtiyak , Malik A. R. , Jeelani M. Iqbal
Published: November 2022

The present investigation was carried out, during the year 2019-2021 to investigate the primary sources and preferred species for fuelwood consumption among the local people of Kashmir Himalayas, India. The sample of study area was drawn by multi-stage random sampling technique. The data were collected through personal interviews of respondents using well-structured pre-tested interview schedule and non-participant observations. The study revealed that people extract enormous quantity of fuelwood mostly from forests and utilize maximum portion of extracted fuelwood for cooking and heating. Fuelwood collection was mainly done by women along with children. Winter season consumption was more than summer season consumption. Consumption of fuelwood was maximum at high elevation (>2000m) and minimum at middle and low elevation (1900-2000m and <1900m) respectively. Forests were the primary source of fuelwood resulting in huge pressure on forests thereby creating deforestation and degradation. A total of 12 species belonging to 8 families were found preferred species for fuelwood. Cedrus deodara, Salix spp., Populus spp. and Robinia pseudoacacia was the most preferred species while the Picea smithiana, Ailanthus altissima and Aesculus indica was the least preferred species.
Mechanisms of the Aqueous Solvolysis of the Ring-opening of the Lactone Ring of Goniodomin A
Authors: Jr. B. Andes Hess , Smentek Lidia
Published: November 2022

The phycotoxin Goniodomin A is a Dinoflagellate of the Alexandrium genus and is a macrocyclic lactone. It is found widely in sea water and is known to open slowly the lactone in water. The cleavage of the lactone is sensitive to the pH of the water. As one changes the pH from ~6 to 8 its solvolytic rate dramatically increases. Treatment of kinetic data previously published indicates that there are two competing first-order reactions, an SN­1 and an intramolecular SN2, which is a pseudo first-order reaction.
Burkina Rock Phosphate Fertilization Increases Nodulation and Yield of Cowpea under Zaï Cultivation in Sahelian Agro-ecosystem of Burkina Faso
Authors: Zongo Koulibi Fidèle , Traoré Mohamed , Guébré Daouda , Hien Edmond , Blavet Didier , Yattara Inamoud Ibny , Drevon Jean-Jacques
Published: November 2022

Cowpea occupies a considerable place in the nutritional and economic balance of the rural population of Burkina Faso. However, its cultivation is marked by yield instability linked to soil depletion of nutrients, especially N and P, and irregular rains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosphorus fertilization with the rock phosphate named BurkinaP, on the spatial and temporal variability of cowpea nodulation and yield. A multilocation test was conducted in 12 and 16 farmers’fields in 2013 and 2014, respectively, in 3 villages of 3 provinces of the northern region of Burkina Faso. Two treatments were compared: zaï without (ZS) and zaï with BurkinaP (ZP). Overall, dry weights of nodules and shoots at flowering stage, and grain at harvest, were significantly increased by BurkinaP. It is concluded that in soils where low availability of P limits crop yields of cowpea especially in arid sud-saharan areas of West Africa, the input of BurkinaP can improve cowpea N2-fixation, and increase and stabilize cowpea yields.
Associations ofsNfLwith clinico‐radiological measures in a largeMSpopulation
Authors: Sotirchos Elias S. , Fitzgerald Kathryn C. , Singh Carol M. , Smith Matthew D. , Reyes‐Mantilla Maria , Hersh Carrie M. , Hyland Megan H. , Canissario Ryan , Simmons Sarah B. , Arrambide Georgina , Montalban Xavier , Comabella Manuel , Naismith Robert T. , Qiao Min , Krupp Lauren B. , Nicholas Jacqueline A. , Akgün Katja , Ziemssen Tjalf , Rudick Richard , Fisher Elizabeth , Bermel Robert A. , Mowry Ellen M. , Calabresi Peter A.
Published: November 2022

Objective

Evaluation of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL), measured using high‐throughput assays on widely accessible platforms in large, real‐world MS populations, is a critical step for sNfL to be utilized in clinical practice.

Methods

Multiple Sclerosis Partners Advancing Technology and Health Solutions (MS PATHS) is a network of healthcare institutions in the United States and Europe collecting standardized clinical/imaging data and biospecimens during routine clinic visits. sNfL was measured in 6974 MS and 201 healthy control (HC) participants, using a high‐throughput, scalable immunoassay.

Results

Elevated sNfL levels for age (sNfL‐E) were found in 1238 MS participants (17.8%). Factors associated with sNfL‐E included male sex, younger age, progressive disease subtype, diabetes mellitus, impaired renal function, and active smoking. Higher body mass index (BMI) was associated with lower odds of elevated sNfL. Active treatment with disease‐modifying therapy was associated with lower odds of sNfL‐E. MS participants with sNfL‐E exhibited worse neurological function (patient‐reported disability, walking speed, manual dexterity, and cognitive processing speed), lower brain parenchymal fraction, and higher T2 lesion volume. Longitudinal analyses revealed accelerated short‐term rates of whole brain atrophy in sNfL‐E participants and higher odds of new T2 lesion development, although both MS participants with or without sNfL‐E exhibited faster rates of whole brain atrophy compared to HC. Findings were consistent in analyses examining age‐normative sNfL Z‐scores as a continuous variable.

Interpretation

Elevated sNfL is associated with clinical disability, inflammatory disease activity, and whole brain atrophy in MS, but interpretation needs to account for comorbidities including impaired renal function, diabetes, and smoking.
3D‐Printed Soft and Hard Meta‐Structures with Supreme Energy Absorption and Dissipation Capacities in Cyclic Loading Conditions
Authors: Yousefi Armin , Jolaiy Saman , Lalegani Dezaki Mohammadreza , Zolfagharian Ali , Serjouei Ahmad , Bodaghi Mahdi
Published: November 2022

The main objective of this article is to introduce novel 3D bio‐inspired auxetic meta‐structures printed with soft/hard polymers for energy absorption/dissipation applications under single and cyclic loading–unloading. Meta‐structures are developed based on understanding the hyper‐elastic feature of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) polymers, elastoplastic behavior of polyamide 12 (PA 12), and snowflake inspired design, derived from theory and experiments. The 3D meta‐structures are fabricated by multi‐jet fusion 3D printing technology. The feasibility and mechanical performance of different meta‐structures are assessed experimentally and numerically. Computational finite element models (FEMs) for the meta‐structures are developed and verified by the experiments. Mechanical compression tests on TPU auxetics show unique features like large recoverable deformations, stress softening, mechanical hysteresis characterized by non‐coincident compressive loading–unloading curve, Mullins effect, cyclic stress softening, and high energy absorption/dissipation capacity. Mechanical testing on PA 12 meta‐structures also reveals their elastoplastic behavior with residual strains and high energy absorption/dissipation performance. It is shown that the developed FEMs can replicate the main features observed in the experiments with a high accuracy. The material‐structural model, conceptual design, and results are expected to be instrumental in 3D printing tunable soft and hard meta‐devices with high energy absorption/dissipation features for applications like lightweight drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
Manipulating the Formation of 2D/3D Heterostructure in Stable High‐Performance Printable CsPbI3Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Du Yachao , Tian Qingwen , Wang Shiqiang , Yang Tinghuan , Yin Lei , Zhang Hao , Cai Weilun , Wu Yin , Huang Wenliang , Zhang Lu , Zhao Kui , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: November 2022

Manipulating the formation process of the 2D/3D perovskite heterostructure, including its nucleation/growth dynamics and phase transition pathway, plays a critical role in controlling the charge transport between 2D and 3D crystals, and consequently, the scalable fabrication of efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Herein, the structural evolution and phase transition pathways of the ligand‐dependent 2D perovskite atop the 3D surface are revealed using time‐resolved X‐ray scattering. The results show that the ligand size and shape have a critical influence on the final 2D structure. In particular, ligands with smaller sizes and more reactive sites tend to form then = 1 phase. Increasing the ligand size and decreasing the reactive sites promote the transformation from 3D ton = 3 andn < 3 phases. These findings are useful for the rational design of the phase distribution in 2D perovskites to balance the charge transport and stability of the perovskite films. Finally, solar cells based on ambient‐printed CsPbI3with n‐butylammonium iodide treatment achieve an improved efficiency of 20.33%, which is the highest reported value for printed inorganic perovskite solar cells.
Engineered Switchable‐Wettability Surfaces for Multi‐Path Directional Transportation of Droplets and Subaqueous Bubbles
Authors: Xie Dongdong , Sun Yunna , Wu Yongjin , Wang Kai , Wang Guilian , Zang Faheng , Ding Guifu
Published: November 2022

Conventional engineered surfaces for fluid manipulation are hindered by the set wettability, and thus they can only achieve spontaneous transport of single‐phase fluid, namely liquid or gas. Moreover, fluid transport systems that are robust to path defects have yet to be fully explored. Here, unprecedentedly, a universal wettability switching strategy is developed for achieving programmable directional transport of both droplets and subaqueous bubbles on a dumbbell‐patterned functional surface (DPFS), featuring in strong robustness, high efficiency, and effective cost. By tuning the superwettability of DPFS through octadecyltrichlorosilane treatment and ultraviolet‐C selective irradiation, the transport fluid can alternate between liquid and gas. The material's switchable superwettability regulates the fluid directed dynamics within the confined pattern, in which the sustaining fluid propelling relies on the surface energy difference between the starting and terminal sites. This enables the construction of multiple channels, which works synergistically with ultralow‐volume‐loss transport to impart the fluidic system with strong robustness against path defects. Underlying the completion of complex microfluidics tasks, spatially‐selective cooling devices and subaqueous gas microreactors are successfully demonstrated. This energy‐consumption‐free fluid transport system opens a new avenue for on‐chip programmable fluid manipulation, promoting innovative applications requiring rational control of two‐phase fluid transport.
Phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibits CD133+/CD90+ liver cancer stem cells by modulation of microRNA‐214‐β‐catenin epigenome axis
Authors: Chu Yi C. , Lin Sheng‐Tsai , Setiawan Syahru A. , Hsieh Ming‐Shou , Yadav Vijesh K. , Huang Ting‐Yi , Yeh Chi‐Tai , Chen Ming‐Yao
Published: November 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the most prevalent and lethal type of malignancies around the globe. Despite the advancement in medical research and therapeutics development, HCC still remains a taunting challenge in clinical settings. Recent studies indicate that the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be the underlying factor for treatment failure, distant metastasis, and disease recurrence. Elevated stemness gene expression has been correlated to disease stage and poorer prognosis in HCC patients. Initially, we established that β‐catenin is highly expressed in HCC clinical samples. We subsequently re‐validated the idea that CD133+/CD90+ subpopulation cells exhibited CSCs properties including elevated stemness expression (β‐catenin, Nanog, c‐Myc, and Twist1), increased self‐renewal capacity and metastatic potential. Using this cell model, we tested the potential anti‐CSCs effects of phenethyl isothiocynanate (PEITC), a phytochemical isolated from cruciferous vegetables. Treatment of PEITC led to a decreased percentage of CD133+/CD90+ cells in both Huh7 and Sk‐Hep1 cell lines. In addition, PEITC suppressed stemness gene expression, self‐renewal ability, and metastatic potential in HCC CSCs. Mechanistically, PEITC conveyed its anti‐CSCs effects via upregulating microRNA‐214, a negative regulator of β‐catenin. In conclusion, we provided evidence that PEITC could suppress HCC CSCs generation/maintenance. With further clinical testing, PEITC could be used either alone or in combination with currently available chemotherapeutic agents to achieve improved efficacy.
Toward comprehensive value assessment for Alzheimer's disease innovations
Authors: Ferrell Phyllis B. , Fillit Howard , Neumann Peter J. , Wall J. K. , Murray James F.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Assessing medical technologies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) creates challenges for current methods of value assessment. New value assessment approaches for AD are also needed.

Methods

We adapted concepts from health economics to help guide decision makers to more informed decisions about AD therapies and diagnostics.

Results

We propose a value framework based on five categories: perspective, value elements, analysis, reporting, and decision making. AD value assessments should include the perspective of the patient–caregiver dyad. We propose a broader array of value elements than currently used. Analytics and decision methods can synthesize evidence for all elements of value. Decisions should use a “deliberative appraisal” approach informed by the composite evidence and be transparently reported.

Discussion

Using the proposed framework, the value of forthcoming innovations for AD may be more thoroughly assessed for and by all stakeholders. It can guide decision makers to carefully consider all relevant elements of value contributing to more holistic and transparent decision making.

Research Highlights

Alzheimer's disease challenges common methods of evaluating medical technology.

Using current methods, new AD innovations might not be appropriately valued.

Poor value assessments will adversely affect patient access to AD innovations.

A full AD value framework expands perspective, elements, analysis, decision‐making, reporting.
Asymmetric Hydrophosphinylation of Alkynes: Facile Access to Axially Chiral Styrene‐Phosphines
Authors: Cai Baohua , Cui Yuan , Zhou Jian , Wang Yong‐Bin , Yang Limin , Tan Bin , Wang Jun (Joelle)
Published: November 2022

A Cu/CPA co‐catalytic system has been developed for achieving the direct hydrophosphinylation of alkynes with phosphine oxides in delivering novel axially chiral phosphorus‐containing alkenes in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % yield and 99 % ee). DFT calculations were performed to elucidate the reaction pathway and the origin of enantiocontrol. This streamlined and modular methodology establishes a new platform for the design and application of new axially chiral styrene‐phosphine ligands.
Solid‐phase synthesis, reaction mechanism of biomass glycerol metal chelates and its thermal stability property for polyvinyl chloride
Authors: Liu Shao‐you , Ou Li‐hui , Wang Qian , Long You , Ren Dan , Yu‐ping Zhang , De‐liang Chen , Yuan Chen , Meng‐jun Chen
Published: November 2022

To explore the simple preparation method of glycerol metal chelates and effectively expand the application field of glycerol metal chelates and biomass glycerol, the micro‐nanopowders such as glycerin zinc (Gly‐Zn), and glycerin bismuth (Gly‐Bi) were prepared by the solid‐phase reaction, using sodium benzene sulfonate as a catalyst and template. Theoretical calculation of deprotonation reaction energy of glycerol and zinc chloride, bismuth nitrate was performed with the framework of DFT, and their structures were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The thermal stability of Gly‐Zn and Gly‐Bi for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is discussed by TG. The results show that the deprotonation reaction of glycerol with zinc chloride or bismuth nitrate mainly occurs in the dehydrogen of secondary hydroxyl (OsecH) and primary hydroxyl (OprimH) of glycerol molecules, and the H of OsecH is more active than that of the OprimH. The obtained Gly‐Zn and Gly‐Bi have good micromorphology with the rod‐like and bar‐like respectively. Applied them as thermal stabilizers to PVC processing, the reaction kinetic constant (k, s−1) is an order of kPVC > kPVC/Gly‐Zn > kPVC/Gly‐Bi. After the additions of 10% Gly‐Zn and 10% Gly‐Bi, the thermal stability time (min) of PVC, PVC/Gly‐Zn and PVC/Gly‐Bi is 45, 54.43 and 71.47, respectively.
Non‐Trivial Topological States in Spin‐Polarized 2D Electron Gas at EuO–KTO Interface with the Rashba Spin Texture
Authors: Kakkar Sonali , Bera Chandan
Published: November 2022

Oxide heterointerfaces are gaining popularity for a variety of applications because of a wide range of emergent quantum phenomena. The creation of a highly conducting and spin‐polarized 2D electron gas (2DEG) with anomalous Hall effect at the EuO–KTaO3 (KTO) interface is reported by Zhang et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. (2018), 121, 116803). The spin‐polarized 2DEG at the interface in EuO/KTO superlattice with a comprehensive electronic structure calculation using density functional theory (DFT) is investigated. It is shown that the magnetic ordering at the interface is related to the occupation of dxy orbitals of interfacial Ta. The band‐crossing points between the majority and minority spin states open a gap when spin–orbit coupling (SOC) is turned on. The large spikes of the Berry curvature Ω(k) at the momenta of spin–orbit (SO) gaps and integral Chern number demonstrate the non‐trivial band topology. As the system remains metallic, it can display quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulating characteristics possibly via strain engineering. The spin texture of the bands with the SO gap on constant energy contour displays single spin winding of electron spin with opposite chirality. The magnetic easy axis is perpendicular to the interfacial plane. Hence, our findings suggest that EuO/KTO system has potential in low‐power quantum electronics, spintronics, and spin‐orbitronics.
Large Exchange Bias Triggered by Transition Zone of Spin Glass
Authors: Liao Xiaoqi , Wei Songrui , Wang Yu , Wang Dingchen , Wu Kewen , Liang Huawei , Yang Sen , Svedlindh Peter , Zeng Yu‐Jia
Published: November 2022

Exchange bias has increasingly practical significance in magnetoresistive and spintronic devices. However, the underlying mechanism of exchange bias in bulk compounds with the structural single‐phase and inhomogeneous magnetic phases is still elusive. Herein, based on experimental and simulation results, two important parameters are studied, i.e., the antiferromagnetic (AFM) volume fraction and the ferromagnetic (FM)/AFM interface area, which essentially determine the (spontaneous) exchange bias of Mn‐rich Ni44Co6Mn44‐xSn6+x (x = 0 ∼ 6) magnetic shape memory alloys. The substitution Sn for Mn changes magnetic ground state following the sequence of superparamagnetic/AFM → dilute spin glass/AFM → transition zone → cluster spin glass/AFM → FM, accompanying the growth of FM cluster and the weakening of AFM interactions. The results reveal that the magnetic ground state for exchange bias is optimized at transition zone between dilute spin glass/strong AFM and cluster spin glass/weak AFM, in which the optimal AFM volume fraction and FM/AFM interface area are achieved by tuning magnetic fields. A giant exchange bias field of 702.7 mT and a spontaneous exchange bias field of 318.7 mT are demonstrated. The work contributes to in‐depth understanding of (spontaneous) exchange bias in magnetically inhomogeneous compounds.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Arrays and Their Sensitivity for Detection of Genetic Changes in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Cultures
Authors: Steventon‐Jones Victoria , Stavish Dylan , Halliwell Jason A. , Baker Duncan , Barbaric Ivana
Published: November 2022

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can be grown in culture indefinitely, making them a valuable tool for use in basic biology, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. However, over prolonged periods in culture, hPSCs tend to acquire genomic aberrations that confer growth advantages, similar to those seen in some cancers. Monitoring the genomic stability of cultured hPSCs is critical to ensuring their efficacy and safety as a therapeutic tool. Most commonly employed methods for monitoring of hPSC genomes are cytogenetic methods, such as G‐banding. Nonetheless, such methods have limited resolution and sensitivity for detecting mosaicism. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array platforms are a potential alternative that could improve detection of abnormalities. Here, we outline protocols for SNP array whole‐genome screening of hPSCs. Moreover, we detail the procedure for assessing the SNP array's sensitivity in detecting low‐level mosaic copy‐number changes. We show that mosaicism can be confidently identified in samples only once they contain 20% variants, although samples containing 10% variants typically display enough variation to warrant further investigation and confirmation, for example by using a more sensitive targeted method. Finally, we highlight the advantages and limitations of SNP arrays, including a cost comparison of SNP arrays versus other commonly employed methods for detection of genetic changes in hPSC cultures. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: DNA sample preparation for SNP arrays

Basic Protocol 2: SNP array hybridization, washing, and scanning

Basic Protocol 3: SNP array data analysis

Support Protocol: Assessment of SNP array sensitivity for detection of mosaicism
Fast and Multiplexed Super Resolution Imaging of Fixed and Immunostained Cells with DNA‐PAINT‐ERS
Authors: Koester Anna M. , Szczepaniak Malwina , Nan Xiaolin
Published: November 2022

Recent advances in super resolution microscopy have enabled imaging at the 10‐20 nm scale on a light microscope, providing unprecedented details of native biological structures and processes in intact and hydrated samples. Of the existing strategies, DNA points accumulation in imaging nanoscale topography (DNA‐PAINT) affords convenient multiplexing, an important feature in interrogating complex biological systems. A practical limitation of DNA‐PAINT, however, has been the slow imaging speed. In its original form, DNA‐PAINT imaging of each target takes tens of minutes to hours to complete. To address this challenge, several improved implementations have been introduced. These include DNA‐PAINT‐ERS (where E = ethylene carbonate; R = repeat sequence; S = spacer), a set of strategies that leads to both accelerated DNA‐PAINT imaging speed and improved image quality. With DNA‐PAINT‐ERS, imaging of typical cellular targets such as microtubules takes only 5‐10 min. Importantly, DNA‐PAINT‐ERS also facilitates multiplexing and can be easily integrated into current workflows for fluorescence staining of biological samples. Here, we provide a detailed, step‐by‐step guide for fast and multiplexed DNA‐PAINT‐ERS imaging of fixed and immunostained cells grown on glass substrates as adherent monolayers. The protocol should be readily extended to biological samples of a different format (for example tissue sections) or staining mechanisms (for example using nanobodies). © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of probes for DNA‐PAINT‐ERS

Basic Protocol 2: Sample preparation for imaging membrane targets with DNA‐PAINT‐ERS in fixed cells

Alternate Protocol: Immunostaining of extracted U2OS cells

Basic Protocol 3: Super resolution image acquisition and analysis
A generalized switched‐capacitor‐based modular T‐type inverter topology with reduced switch count
Authors: Kakar Saifullah , Ayob Shahrin Md , Bin Arif M. Saad , Lee Sze Sing , Mohamad Nordin Nor Julia , Ayop Razman
Published: November 2022

Switched‐capacitor (SC)‐based multilevel inverters (MLIs) have gained great attention in renewable energy applications owing to their self‐balancing of capacitor voltage and ac voltage boosting. Using SCMLI, single‐stage dc–ac power conversion is made possible without needing a front‐end dc–dc boost converter that improves overall system efficiency, reliability, and power density. However, in most existing SCMLIs, the discharging duration of the rear‐end SCs is much longer than its charging duration, especially when a high number of SC units are adopted. While a high number of level generation is expected to produce a better resolution ac voltage, a significant increase in capacitor's voltage ripple, in contrast, distorts the ac voltage despite using large capacitors. Recently, the switched‐capacitor modular t‐type inverter (SC‐MTI) topology resolved the problem by extending the charging period of all SCs to at least half of the fundamental switching period. However, the high switch count of SC‐MTI introduces a trade‐off in terms of efficiency and cost. In this paper, a new SCMLI topology that retains the good traits of SC‐MTI with switch count reduction is proposed. The merits and feasibility of the proposed SCMLI are verified through simulation and further validated through experimental results for seven‐level considering various operating conditions.
Resource roundup: Creating accessible marketing material
Authors: Talarico Donna
Published: November 2022

When you're creating social media graphics, downloadable lead magnets, new academic program pages for your website, and email newsletters, are you keeping accessibility in mind? I certainly hope so. It's not only required by federal law for many colleges and universities, but it's simply the right thing to do — and will most likely lead to a better experience for all, not just for students with disabilities.
Encourage accessibility beyond the classroom
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: November 2022

Kelly Hawk Fitzgerald, J.D., M.Sc., Director of Disability Resources and Compliance at Maryville College, shared tips and insights for encouraging accessibility beyond the classroom.
A Proactive Approach to Navigating Student Accommodations
Authors: Norris Meghan E. , Karasewich Tara A.
Published: November 2022

Under the Ontario Human Rights Code, all higher education institutions in Ontario, Canada have a duty to accommodate students with disabilities to ensure that they “can access and benefit from their environment and face the same duties and requirements as everyone else, with dignity and without impediment.” (Ontario Human Rights Commission, Policy on accessible education for students with disabilities 58 (2018)). In practice, the accommodation process can vary greatly by institution, department, course, and circumstance. The ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic, for example, has had a significant impact on student accommodations by requiring rapid adjustments as in‐person courses were shifted online, adding to students’ overall levels of stress and increasing the need for short‐term considerations of students who are sick or isolating.
Study finds students with “hidden disabilities” reluctant to disclose disabilities
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: November 2022

The Open University of Catalonia (UOC) recently published a study exploring the experiences of students with disabilities at its university, which is conducted fully online. The study, which conducted email interviews with 34 students, focused on why students decide whether to disclose or not disclose their disabilities and how such a decision impacts their distance learning experience.
Accommodations
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: November 2022

An overview of the key topics faced by disability services providers with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
A new method employing species‐specific thresholding identifies acoustically overlapping bats
Authors: Lo Cascio Amanda , Kasel Sabine , Ford Greg
Published: November 2022

Passive acoustic detectors are increasingly used for monitoring biodiversity, particularly for echolocating bat species (Microchiroptera). However, identification of calls collected at large scales is hindered by substantial variation within and between species, and the considerable time investment needed to manually identify acoustic data. We use acoustic data from 14 species of echolocating bats, occurring in temperate forests and woodlands of southeastern Australia to build a supervised classification model that identifies species from large acoustic datasets. Acoustic data from hand‐release (39,567) and free‐flying (8851) bat calls were used to build a predictive model, which was then validated using field‐collected calls (149,097) from the same region. We maximized the model fit per species by validating the associated confidence scores against manually identified presence and absence values. This allowed us to model the identification success of each species as a function of the confidence score. From this relationship, we set specific thresholds for accepting species identification, enabling more accurate classification of calls and identification of multiple bat species within a single acoustic recording. Including calls from manually identified free‐flying bats improved overall identification accuracy, including a 60% improvement for bats that navigate in open spaces. Assigning species‐specific thresholds achieved substantial improvements in overall model confidence, with functionally meaningful changes in the identification of species exhibiting considerable acoustic overlap in time and frequency measures. Research into the ecological requirements of species is hampered by problems with identification. Our research illustrates that internal train–test validation overestimates model accuracy particularly for species that were in low abundance or for uncommon species, which are acoustically similar to more common ones. Recognizing this, we set specific thresholds per species below which identifications were not accepted. Our method is particularly relevant in locations with high overlap in species' call parameters, which can result in false negatives in preference for species that are easier to identify because of the common practice of assigning one species per acoustic recording. This research proposes a cautious method to substantially reduce the burden of manual identification of large acoustic datasets.
A framework for conceptualising early intervention for eating disorders
Authors: Allen Karina L. , Mountford Victoria A. , Elwyn Rosiel , Flynn Michaela , Fursland Anthea , Obeid Nicole , Partida Georgina , Richards Katie , Schmidt Ulrike , Serpell Lucy , Silverstein Scout , Wade Tracey
Published: November 2022

Objective

This paper outlines the evidence base for early intervention for eating disorders; provides a global overview of how early intervention for eating disorders is provided in different regions and settings; and proposes policy, service, clinician and research recommendations to progress early intervention for eating disorders.

Method and Results

Currently, access to eating disorder treatment often takes many years or does not occur at all. This is despite neurobiological, clinical and socioeconomic evidence showing that early intervention may improve outcomes and facilitate full sustained recovery from an eating disorder. There is also considerable variation worldwide in how eating disorder care is provided, with marked inequalities in treatment provision. Despite these barriers, there are existing evidence‐based approaches to early intervention for eating disorders and progress is being made in scaling these.

Conclusions

We propose action steps for the field that will transform eating disorder service provision and facilitate early detection, treatment and recovery for everyone affected by eating disorders, regardless of age, socioeconomic status and personal characteristics.
Predictors of efficacy for cervical ripening among the Bishop score criteria in nulliparous women at term
Authors: Ducarme Guillaume , Berthommier Laura , Planche Lucie
Published: November 2022

Objective

To determine predictors of efficacy for cervical ripening among the Bishop score criteria in nulliparous women at term.

Method

Prospective observational study of nulliparous women with singleton term fetuses in vertex presentation, intact membranes, and an unfavorable cervix (Bishop score < 6) who underwent cervical ripening with a cervical‐ripening balloon (CRB; n = 47) or dinoprostone vaginal insert (PG; n = 28). The authors analyzed Bishop score criteria (dilatation, effacement, fetal station, consistency, position) before and after device removal. Primary outcome was favorable cervix (Bishop score ≥ 6) after device removal. Secondary outcomes were vaginal delivery, modification of Bishop score criteria, and perinatal morbidity.

Results

Rates of favorable cervix after cervical ripening were similar between groups (66.7% with CRB vs. 59.3% with PG; P = 0.526). Vaginal delivery (76.6% vs. 78.6%; P = 0.843) and perinatal morbidity did not differ between groups. CRB appeared to be more effective than PG in increasing consistency (+0.7 ± 0.2 vs. +0.3 ± 0.2; P = 0.001) and dilatation of the cervix (+1.3 ± 0.3 vs. +0.9 ± 0.3; P = 0.005). No Bishop score criterion was found as a significant predictor for vaginal delivery.

Conclusion

CRB seems to be more effective than PG in increasing the consistency and dilatation of the cervix. Efficacy of CRB and PG for vaginal delivery was similar.
The roles and mechanisms of circular RNAs related to mTOR in cancers
Authors: Cao Chunli , Wang Yao , Wu Xinxin , Li Zhe , Guo Junming , Sun Weiliang
Published: November 2022

Background

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are stable molecules with covalently closed structures that have an irreplaceable role in the occurrence, progression, and even treatment of plenty of cancers. Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator in cancers and plays several biological functions, such as proliferation, migration, invasion, autophagy, and apoptosis.

Methods

All data were collected through PubMed and CNKI, using terms including “circRNA,” “mTOR,” “caner,” “signaling pathway,” “biomarker,” “diagnosis,” “treatment.” Articles published in Chinese and English were included.

Results

In this review, the expression, function, and mechanism of circRNA‐associated mTOR in cancers were described. CircRNA‐associated‐mTOR can regulate the progression and therapy of a variety of cancers in multiple signaling pathways, such as phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mTOR, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)/mTOR, and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR axis. These cancers including esophageal carcinoma (circLPAR3, ciRS‐7), gastric cancer (circNRIP1, hsa_circ_0010882, hsa_circ_0000117, hsa_circ_0072309, and circST3GAL6), colorectal cancer (hsa_circ_0000392, hsa_circ_0084927, hsa_circ_0104631, and circFBXW7), liver cancer (circC16orf62, hsa_circ_100338, hsa_circ_0004001, hsa_circ_0004123, hsa_circ_0075792, hsa_circ_0079299, and hsa_circ_0002130), pancreatic cancer (circ‐IARS and circRHOBTB3), renal carcinoma (ciRS‐7), bladder cancer (circUBE2K), prostate cancer (circMBOAT2 and circ‐ITCH), ovarian cancer (circEEF2, circRAB11FIP1, circMYLK, and circTPCN), endometrial cancer (hsa_circ_0002577 and circWHSC1), lung cancer (circHIPK3, hsa_circ_0001666), thyroid cancer (hsa_circ_0007694 and hsa_circ_0008274), glioma (circGFRA1, circ‐MAPK4, circPCMTD1, and hsa_circ_0037251), osteosarcoma (circTCF25), leukemia (circ‐PRKDC), and breast cancer (hsa_circ_0000199, circUBAP2, and circWHSC1).
1,8‐diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undecano‐7‐ene functionalized ionic liquids for extractive desulfurization of fuels
Authors: Zhao Pingping , Wang Xiaoxin , Wang Qiang , Zhang Lianzheng , Xu Dongmei , Gao Jun
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

With strict regulations on environmental protection, the removal of sulfur compounds from fuels has become increasingly urgent by extraction desulfurization technology.

RESULTS

A series of ionic liquid (IL) extractants for the removal of sulfides [benzothiophene (BT), thiophene (TH) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) in model oil] was developed. The ILs with functionalized 1,8‐diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undecano‐7‐ene (DBU) cations and large volume difluoromethane sulfonimide (NTf2) anion as raw materials were synthesized. The performance of the ILs was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis and nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectroscopy (1H‐NMR) and other methods. Maximum removal efficiencies of 65.08% TH, 83.02% BT and 89.72% DBT were achieved in the presence of [CoDBU][NTf2] with functionalized carboxylation groups. In addition extractive desulfurization (EDS) was studied by tailoring the acid–base functional groups and viscosity of ILs. FTIR and the analysis of interaction energies were adopted to explore the interaction of ILs and sulfides. This indicated that the cooperative effects of hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction and π‐π interaction between sulfides and ILs were closely related to the high removal efficiencies of sulfides.

CONCLUSIONS

The experimental results show that [CoDBU][NTf2] with functional carboxyl group is a clean and efficient extractant suitable for removing thiophene sulfides from model fuel oil. This work provides a reference process for the desulfurization of fuel oil in industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
What is this bump in my neck? Ultrasonographic evaluation of pediatric neck masses
Authors: Shadmani Ghazal , Don Steven
Published: November 2022

Neck masses are common in pediatric patients, with benign etiologies such as congenital or inflammatory lesions accounting most of these masses. Anatomic location (most important), clinical history, and the appearance in ultrasonography (US) are helpful clues to narrow down differential diagnosis. Because of widespread availability, lack of ionizing radiation, and no need for sedation or contrast administration, US is the preferred initial modality for the evaluation. Further evaluation with cross‐sectional imagings is needed for more extensive lesions with trans‐spatial extension or suspicion of intrathoracic or retropharyngeal extension. This review will focus on US appearance and clinical presentation of masses of the neck in children, to enable radiologist to arrive at a reasonable differential diagnosis. We also briefly discuss more complex pathologies that need to be evaluated with cross‐sectional modalities such as CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging.
New validation of a well‐known marker in cochlear implant infections: A retrospective, case‐controlled, observational study
Authors: Onal Merih , Colpan Keles Bahar , Ulusoy Bulent , Onal Ozkan
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Cochlear implant (CI) infection is the most common complication after CI surgery. We investigated whether the preoperative neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) values could predict the CI infection and the NLR and PLR values obtained at the first admission to the hospital with an CI infection could help the clinician in the diagnosis.

Methods

This retrospective case‐controlled study included 26 patients with postsurgical CI infection. To prevent age‐related incompatibility in the blood analysis of the infected group, the patients were divided into three age groups: 0–4 years, 5–18 years, and over 18 years old. To compare the infected group, 29 patients who did not have implant infection after CI surgery and whose age ranges were compatible with the infected group were randomly selected from the hospital records as the control group. The infected group preimplantation (PREs) and postinfection (POSTi) NLR and PLR values were compared with each other and the control group values. The area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff values were calculated by ROC analysis.

Results

The POSTi NLR values of the infected group patients aged 0–4 years and over 18 years were significantly greater than the PREs NLR values (p = .038 and p = .008, respectively). Significant differences were found between the POSTi NLR values of the infected group patients aged 0–4 years and over 18 years and those of PREs in the control group (p = .011 and p = .015, respectively).

Conclusions

Preoperative NLR and PLR values cannot predict postoperative CI infection. However, NLR and PLR values increased significantly after CI infection, even if systemic symptoms did not occur. At the first admission to the hospital, NLR values can guide the clinician in diagnosing the CI infection in patients between 0 and 4 years and over 18 years.

Trial Registration Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT04120181.
A novel three‐step process for the identification of inner ear malformation types
Authors: Dhanasingh Anandhan E. , Weiss Nora M. , Erhard Varachaya , Altamimi Fahad , Roland Peter , Hagr Abdulrahman , Van Rompaey Vincent , Van de Heyning Paul
Published: November 2022

Objective

We hypothesize that visualizing inner‐ear systematically in both cochlear view (oblique coronal plane) and in mid‐modiolar section (axial plane) and following three sequential steps simplifies, identification of inner‐ear malformation types.

Methods

Pre‐operative computer‐tomography (CT) scans of temporal bones of 112 ears with various inner ear malformation (IEM) types were taken for analysis. Images were analyzed using DICOM viewers, 3D slicer, and OTOPLAN®. The inner‐ear was captured in the oblique‐coronal plane for the measurement of length and width of cochlear basal turn which is also called as A‐, and B‐values respectively (Step 1). In the same plane, the angular‐turns of lateral‐wall (LW) of cochlear basal turn were measured (Step 2). As Step 3, the mid‐modiolar section of inner ear was captured in the axial plane by following the A‐value and perpendicular to cochlear view. From the mid‐modiolar section, the outer‐contour of inner ear was captured manually by following contrasting gray area between fluid filled and bony promontory and was compared to known resembling objects to identify IEM types (Step 3).

Results

Following reference values have emerged from our analysis: A‐, and B‐values (Step 1) on average are >8 mm and >5.5 mm respectively, in normal cochleae (NA), enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome (EVAS), incomplete partition (IP) type‐I and ‐II, whereas it is <8 mm and <5.5 mm respectively, in IP type‐III and cochlear hypoplasia (CH). Angular‐turn of LW is consistently observed in cochlear basal turn (Step 2), is 540° in NA and EVAS, 450° in IP‐II, and 360° in IP types I & III. In subjects with CH type, angular‐turn of LW is either 360° or 450° or 540°. In true mid‐modiolar section, outer‐contour of inner‐ear (Step‐3), other than in CH and cystic inner‐ear malformations, resembles recognizable shapes of known objects. Absence of EVA is an additional characteristic that confirms diagnosis of CH when the A‐, B‐values, and angular‐turn of LW can be similar to other anatomical types. Drawing a straight line along posterior edge of internal auditory canal (IAC) in axial view can differentiate a true common cavity (CC) from cochlear aplasia‐vestibular cavity (VC).

Conclusion

Three‐step process proposed in this study captures inner‐ear in cochlear view as well in mid‐modiolar sections visualizing key features of inner‐ear in identification of IEM types.

Level of Evidence

Level 1.