bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computer aided technology based on graph sample and aggregate attention network optimized for soccer teaching and training
Authors: Yang Guanghui , Feng Xinyuan
Published: April 2024

Football is the most popular game in the world and has significant influence on various aspects including politics, economy and culture. The experience of the football developed nation has shown that the steady growth of youth football is crucial for elevating a nation's overall football proficiency. It is essential to develop techniques and create strategies that adapt to their individual physical features to resolve the football players’ problem of lacking exercise in various topics. In this manuscript, Computer aided technology depending on the Graph Sample and Aggregate Attention Network Optimized for Soccer Teaching and Training (CAT-GSAAN-STT) is proposed to improve the efficiency of Soccer teaching and training effectively. The proposed method contains four stages, like data collection, data preprocessing, prediction and optimization. Initially the input data are collected by Microsoft Kinect V2 smart camera. Then the collected data are preprocessed by using Improving graph collaborative filtering. After preprocessing the data is given for motion recognition layer here prediction is done using Graph Sample and Aggregate Attention Network (GSAAN) for improving the effectiveness of Soccer Teaching and Training. To enhance the accuracy of the system, the GSAAN are optimized by using Artificial Rabbits Optimization. The proposed CAT-GSAAN-STT method is executed in Python and the efficiency of the proposed technique is examined with different metrics, like accuracy, computation time, learning activity analysis, student performance ratio and teaching evaluation analysis. The simulation outcomes proves that the proposed technique attains provides28.33%, 31.60%, 25.63% higherRecognition accuracy and33.67%, 38.12% and 27.34%lesser evaluation time while compared with existing techniques like computer aided teaching system based upon artificial intelligence in football teaching with training (STT-IOT-CATS), Computer Aided Teaching System for Football Teaching and Training Based on Video Image (CAT-STT-VI) and method for enhancing the football coaching quality using artificial intelligence and meta verse-empowered in mobile internet environment (SI-STQ-AI-MIE) respectively.
Enhancing English comprehension: a UbD mind walker intervention for remote upper-grade elementary students
Authors: Yen Ai Chun
Published: April 2024

This preliminary study examines the efficacy of the Mind Walker Reading Programme in improving word knowledge and, consequently, improving reading comprehension skills for three upper-grade elementary students in a remote setting. The programme is based on the understanding by design (UbD) Model developed by Wiggins and McTighe (The understanding by design guide to creating high-quality units, ASCD, Alexandria, 2011; The understanding by design guide to advanced concepts in creating and reviewing units. ASCD, Alexandra, 2012), emphasizing defined reading comprehension outcomes and appropriate indicators for assessment. To assess the Programme’s impact and the retention of acquired skills, pre- and post-tests were administered, with a delayed post-test conducted over an 11-week period. Analysis of the test results, collected from the city government’s test pool, reveals a significant improvement in reading comprehension accuracy among participants using the UbD Mind Walker reading tool. This study highlights the effectiveness of the UbD Mind Walker programme in enhancing English language proficiency and supporting sustainable learning for elementary school students, particularly in remote areas with limited educational resources.
Iterative and mixed-spaces image gradient inversion attack in federated learning
Authors: Fang Linwei , Wang Liming , Li Hongjia
Published: April 2024

As a distributed learning paradigm, federated learning is supposed to protect data privacy without exchanging users’ local data. Even so, the gradient inversion attack, in which the adversary can reconstruct the original data from shared training gradients, has been widely deemed as a severe threat. Nevertheless, most existing researches are confined to impractical assumptions and narrow range of applications. To mitigate these shortcomings, we propose a comprehensive framework for gradient inversion attack, with well-designed algorithms for image and label reconstruction. For image reconstruction, we fully utilize the generative image prior, which derives from wide-used generative models, to improve the reconstructed results, by additional means of iterative optimization on mixed spaces and gradient-free optimizer. For label reconstruction, we design an adaptive recovery algorithm regarding real data distribution, which can adjust previous attacks to more complex scenarios. Moreover, we incorporate a gradient approximation method to efficiently fit our attack for FedAvg scenario. We empirically verify our attack framework using benchmark datasets and ablation studies, considering loose assumptions and complicated circumstances. We hope this work can greatly reveal the necessity of privacy protection in federated learning, while urge more effective and robust defense mechanisms.
Enhancing extraction of betalains from beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) using deep eutectic solvents: optimization, bioaccessibility and stability
Authors: Kaba Beyza , Zannou Oscar , Ali Redha Ali , Koca Ilkay
Published: April 2024

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are the next generation of green solvents that are considered for their stability and biocompatibility. This study used 10 different DESs synthesized from choline chloride, alcohols, organic acids and sugars. Red beet betalains were extracted using three conventional solvents and DESs. Characterization experiments of DESs suggested that the electrical conductivity, pH, viscosity, water activity, density and chemical structure were greatly affected by the composition of the hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) and hydrogen bond donors (HBD). Betacyanin, betaxanthin and total betalain contents ranges were 23.68–702.17, 21.49–467.77, and 45.17–1169.94 mg kg−1, respectively, with choline chloride (ChCl): glucose (Glu) (1:2) giving the highest values. ChCl:Glu was chosen for the optimization process considering the molar ratio (ChC = 1:Glu = 0.75–1.75), water content (15–35%) and temperature (30–60 °C) factors for the central composite design. The optimum conditions were recorded as 1:0.75 molar, 30.83% water content, and 30 °C, respectively. Under optimum conditions, the yields of betalain, betacyanin and betaxanthin were found to be 1192.17 ± 23.63, 738.83 ± 17.87, and 453.34 ± 5.93 mg kg−1, respectively. Bioaccessibility analysis and stability tests were performed on the extracts obtained under optimum conditions. Stability tests revealed that the betalains of red beetroot are less stable in the light than in the dark. Bioaccessibility values for betacyanin, betaxanthin, and betalain were found to be 44.67 ± 1.40, 75.02 ± 1.20, and 56.21 ± 1.33%, respectively. Green extraction of betalains from red beetroot using DES, such as ChCl:Glu, is promising for a strong stabilization and high bioaccessibility of betalains.

Graphical Abstract
International multi-stakeholder consensus statement on clinical trial integrity
Authors: Khan Khalid Saeed ,   for the Cairo Consensus Group on Research Integrity
Published: April 2024

Objective

To prepare a set of statements for randomised clinical trials (RCT) integrity through an international multi-stakeholder consensus.

Methods

The consensus was developed via multi-country multidisciplinary stakeholder group composition and engagement; evidence synthesis of 55 systematic reviews concerning RCT integrity; anonymized two-round modified Delphi survey with consensus threshold based on the average percentage of majority opinions; and a final consensus development meeting. Prospective registrations: (https://osf.io/bhncy, https://osf.io/3ursn).

Results

There were 30 stakeholders representing 15 countries from five continents including trialists, ethicists, methodologists, statisticians, consumer representatives, industry representatives, systematic reviewers, funding body panel members, regulatory experts, authors, journal editors, peer reviewers and advisors for resolving integrity concerns. Delphi survey response rate was 86.7% (26/30 stakeholders). There were 111 statements (73 stakeholder-provided, 46 systematic review-generated, 8 supported by both) in the initial long list, with eight additional statements provided during the consensus rounds. Through consensus the final set consolidated 81 statements (49 stakeholder-provided, 41 systematic review-generated, 9 supported by both). The entire RCT life cycle was covered by the set of statements including general aspects (n = 6), design and approval (n = 11), conduct and monitoring (n = 19), reporting of protocols and findings (n = 20), post-publication concerns (n = 12) and future research and development (n = 13).

Conclusion

Implementation of this multi-stakeholder consensus statement is expected to enhance RCT integrity.
Genetic analysis of scab disease resistance in common bean (
Phaseolus vulgaris
) varieties using GWAS and functional genomics approaches
Authors: Oriama Shadrack Odikara , Kulohoma Benard W. , Nyaboga Evans , Masheti Y. O. , Otsyula Reuben
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Scab is a fungal disease of common beans caused by the pathogen
Elsinoë phaseoli
. The disease results in major economic losses on common beans, and there are efforts to develop integrated pest management strategies to control the disease. Modern computational biology and bioinformatics tools were utilized to identify scab disease resistance genes in the common bean by identification of genomic regions and genes associated with resistance to scab disease during natural infection in the field.

Methods

A diverse set of common bean accessions were analyzed for genetic association with scab disease resistance using a Genome-Wide Association Study design of infected plants and non-infected plants (controls). A fixed and random model circulating probability unification model of these two covariates that considers a minor allele frequency threshold value of 0.03 were deployed during the analysis. Annotation of genes proteins with significant association values was conducted using a machine learning algorithm of support vector machine on prPred using python3 on Linux Ubuntu 18.04 computing platform with an accuracy of 0.935.

Results

Common bean accessions tested showed varying phenotypes of susceptibility to scab disease. Out of 179 accessions, 16 and 163 accessions were observed to be resistant and susceptible to scab disease, respectively. Genomic analysis revealed a significant association on chromosome one SNP S1_6571566 where the protein-coding sequence had a resistant possibility of 55% and annotated to the Enhancer of Poly-comb like protein.

Conclusion

The significant differences in the phenotypic variability for scab disease indicate wide genetic variability among the common bean accessions. The resistant gene associated with scab disease was successfully identified by GWAS analysis. The identified common bean accessions resistant to scab disease can be adopted into breeding programs as sources of resistance.
Elastic reverse time migration based on first-order velocity-dilatation-rotation equations using the optical flow vector
Authors: Xie Chuang , Wang Jianhua , Song Peng , Tan Jun , Liu Zhaolun , Wang Yandong
Published: April 2024

The determination of the P- and S-wave propagation directions is crucial for wavefield decomposition, polarity reversal correction, and noise suppression in elastic reverse time migration (RTM). Compared with the conventional decoupled elastic wave equation, the first-order velocity-dilatation-rotation equations enable more accurate computation of propagation directions for P and S waves. Moreover, compared with the Poynting vector, the optical flow vector signifies the wavefield propagation directions more accurately. To effectively enhance the accuracy of elastic wave imaging, we develop an elastic RTM based on first-order velocity-dilatation-rotation equations using the optical flow vector. Numerical tests illustrate that our method, with or without noise, can better eliminate migration artifacts and improve the imaging accuracy of the elastic RTM than conventional methods, achieving more accurate wavefield decomposition and superior S-wave polarity reversal correction.
Adagrasib Treatment After Sotorasib-Related Hepatotoxicity in Patients With
KRAS
G12C
-Mutated Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Luo Jia , Florez Narjust , Donnelly Anjali , Lou Yanyan , Lu Kevin , Ma Patrick C. , Spira Alexander I. , Ryan Debra , Husain Hatim
Published: April 2024

PURPOSE

KRAS
is the most commonly mutated driver oncogene in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Sotorasib and adagrasib, KRAS
G12C
inhibitors, have been granted accelerated US approval; however, hepatotoxicity is a common side effect with higher rates in patients treated with sotorasib proximal to checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of adagrasib after discontinuation of sotorasib because of treatment-related grade 3 hepatotoxicity through real-world and clinical cases.

METHODS

Medical records from five patients treated in real-world settings were retrospectively reviewed. Patients had locally advanced or metastatic
KRAS
G12C
-mutated NSCLC and received adagrasib after sotorasib in the absence of extracranial disease progression. Additional data were collected for 12 patients with
KRAS
G12C
-mutated NSCLC enrolled in a phase Ib cohort of the KRYSTAL-1 study and previously treated with sotorasib. The end points associated with both drugs included timing and severity of hepatotoxicity, best overall response, and duration of therapy.

RESULTS

All patients were treated with CPIs followed by sotorasib (initiated 0-64 days after CPI). All five real-world patients experienced hepatotoxicity with sotorasib that led to treatment discontinuation, whereas none experienced treatment-related hepatotoxicity with subsequent adagrasib treatment. Three patients from KRYSTAL-1 transitioned from sotorasib to adagrasib because of hepatotoxicity; one experienced grade 3 ALT elevation on adagrasib that resolved with therapy interruption and dose reduction.

CONCLUSION

Adagrasib may have a distinct hepatotoxicity profile from sotorasib and is more easily combined with CPIs either sequentially or concurrently. These differences may be used to inform clinical decisions regarding an initial KRAS
G12C
inhibitor for patients who recently discontinued a CPI or experience hepatotoxicity on sotorasib.
Mean-field analysis of the glassy dynamics of an elastoplastic model of super-cooled liquids
Authors: Baron J. W. , Biroli G.
Published: April 2024

We present a mean-field theory of a coarse-grained model of a super-cooled liquid in which relaxation occurs via local plastic rearrangements. Local relaxation can be induced by thermal fluctuations or by the long-range elastic consequences of other rearrangements. We extract the temperature dependence of both the relaxation time and the length scale of dynamical correlations. We find two dynamical regimes. First, a regime in which the characteristic time and length scales diverge as a power law at a critical temperature T

c
. This regime is found by an approximation that neglects activated relaxation channels, which can be interpreted as akin to the one found by the mode-coupling transition of glasses. In reality, only a crossover takes place at T

c
. The residual plastic activity leads to a second regime characterised by an Arrhenius law below T

c
. In this case, we show that the length scale governing dynamical correlations diverges as a power law as

, and is logarithmically related to the relaxation time.
The doomsday of black hole evaporation
Authors: Wang Shao-Jiang
Published: April 2024

By assuming simultaneously the unitarity of the Hawking evaporation and the universality of Bekenstein entropy bound as well as the validity of cosmic censorship conjecture, we find that the black hole evaporation rate could evolve from the usual inverse square law in black hole mass into a constant evaporation rate near the end of the Hawking evaporation before quantum gravity could come into play, inferring a slightly longer lifetime for lighter black holes.
Balanced Crystalloids Versus Normal Saline in Kidney Transplant Patients: An Updated Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Carvalho Pereira Lucas , Carvalho Pereira Igor , Dias Delfino Cabral Thamiris , Viana Patricia , Mendonça Ribeiro Arthur , Amaral Sara
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

The use of balanced crystalloids over normal saline for perioperative fluid management during kidney transplantation and its benefits on acid-base and electrolyte balance along with its influence on postoperative clinical outcomes remains a topic of controversy. Therefore, we conducted this review to assess the impact of balanced solutions compared to normal saline on outcomes for kidney transplant patients.

METHODS:

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing balanced lower-chloride solutions to normal saline in renal transplant patients. Our main outcome of interest was delayed graft function (DGF). Additionally, we examined acid-base and electrolyte measurements, along with postoperative renal function. We computed relative risk (RR) using the Mantel-Haenszel test for binary outcomes, and mean difference (MD) for continuous data, and applied DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models to address heterogeneity. Furthermore, we performed a trial sequential analysis (TSA) for all outcomes.

RESULTS:

Twelve RCTs comprising a total of 1668 patients were included; 832 (49.9%) were assigned to receive balanced solutions. Balanced crystalloids reduced the occurrence of DGF compared to normal saline, with RR of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71–0.94), P = .005; I² = 0%. The occurrence was 25% (194 of 787) in the balanced crystalloids group and 34% (240 of 701) in the normal saline group. Moreover, our TSA supported the primary outcome result and suggests that the sample size was sufficient for our conclusion. End-of-surgery chloride (MD, −8.80 mEq·L–1; 95% CI, −13.98 to −3.63 mEq.L–1; P < .001), bicarbonate (MD, 2.12 mEq·L–1; 95% CI, 1.02–3.21 mEq·L–1; P < .001), pH (MD, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.04–0.07; P < .001), and base excess (BE) (MD, 2.41 mEq·L–1; 95% CI, 0.88–3.95 mEq·L−1; P = .002) significantly favored the balanced crystalloids groups and the end of surgery potassium (MD, −0.17 mEq·L−1; 95% CI, −0.36 to 0.02 mEq·L−1; P = .07) did not differ between groups. However, creatinine did not differ in the first (MD, −0.06 mg·dL−1; 95% CI, −0.38 to 0.26 mg·dL−1; P = .71) and seventh (MD, −0.06 mg·dL−1; 95% CI, −0.18 to 0.06 mg·dL−1; P = .30) postoperative days nor urine output in the first (MD, −1.12 L; 95% CI, −3.67 to 1.43 L; P = .39) and seventh (MD, −0.01 L; 95% CI, −0.45 to 0.42 L; P = .95) postoperative days.

CONCLUSIONS:

Balanced lower-chloride solutions significantly reduce the occurrence of DGF and provide an improved acid-base and electrolyte control in patients undergoing kidney transplantation.
Opioid-Sparing Anesthesia Versus Opioid-Free Anesthesia for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting after Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ao Yichan , Ma Jingyue , Zheng Xiaozhuo , Zeng Jie , Wei Ke
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Patients who undergo laparoscopic bariatric surgery (LBS) are susceptible to postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) or opioid-sparing anesthesia (OSA) protocols have been proposed as solutions; however, differences between the 2 alternative opioid protocols for anesthesia maintenance in obese patients remain uncertain. A network meta-analysis was conducted to compare the impacts of OFA and OSA on PONV.

METHODS:

Systematic searches were conducted using Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing OFA and OSA strategies. After screening according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to assess the credibility of the evidence. The main concern of this review was the difference between OFA and OSA in reducing PONV. The primary outcome was any PONV occurrence within 24 hours. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain intensity, opioid consumption, opioid-related adverse events, and length of hospital stay.

RESULTS:

Fifteen RCTs involving 1310 patients were identified for a network meta-analysis from 1776 articles that compared OFA, OSA, and traditional opioid-based anesthesia (OBA) strategies in LBS. Twelve RCTs (80%) with 922 participants (70%) were eligible for the occurrence of PONV. These included 199 (22%) patients who received OFA and 476 (52%) and 247 (27%) patients who received OSA and OBA, respectively. OFA was more effective at reducing PONV (relative risks [RR], 0.6, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5–0.9, moderate-quality evidence) compared to OSA. No differences were observed in postoperative pain control or opioid consumption between the OFA and OSA strategies (very low-to high-quality evidence). Notably, OFA is associated with a higher risk of bradycardia than OSA (RR, 2.6, 95% CI, 1.2–5.9, moderate-quality evidence).

CONCLUSIONS:

OFA is more effective than OSA in reducing the occurrence of PONV during the early postoperative period of LBS, although it may associate with an increased risk of bradycardia. Patients who received either opioid-alternative strategy demonstrated similar effects in reducing postoperative opioid consumption and alleviating pain intensity.
Mass Participation and Tournament Event Management for the Team Physician: A Consensus Statement (2022 Update)
Authors: Herring Stanley A. , Kibler W. Ben , Putukian Margot , Blauwet Cheri , Boyajian-O'Neill Lori A. , Boyd Joel , Franks R. Rob , Indelicato Peter A. , LeClere Lance E. , Logan Catherine , O’Connor Francis G. , Matuszak Jason , Roberts William O. , Sallis Robert E.
Published: April 2024

Mass participation events include endurance events (e.g., marathon, triathlon) and/or competitive tournaments (e.g., baseball, tennis, football (soccer) tournaments). Event management requires medical administrative and participant care planning. Medical management provides safety advice and care at the event that accounts for large numbers of participants, anticipated injury and illness, variable environment, repeated games or matches, and mixed age groups of varying athletic ability. This document does not pertain to the care of the spectator.
The PRECISE-DYAD protocol: linking maternal and infant health trajectories in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Craik Rachel , Volvert Marie-Laure , Koech Angela , Jah Hawanatu , Pickerill Kelly , Abubakar Amina , D’Alessandro Umberto , Barratt Benjamin , Blencowe Hannah , Bone Jeffrey N , Chandna Jaya , Gladstone Melissa J. , Khalil Asma , Li Larry , Magee Laura A , Makacha Liberty , Mistry Hiten D , Moore Sophie E. , Roca Anna , Salisbury Tatiana T , Temmerman Marleen , Toudup Danielle , Vidler Marianne , von Dadelszen Peter ,   and The PRECISE-DYAD Network
Published: April 2024

Background PRECISE-DYAD is an observational cohort study of mother-child dyads running in urban and rural communities in The Gambia and Kenya. The cohort is being followed for two years and includes uncomplicated pregnancies and those that suffered pregnancy hypertension, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and/or stillbirth. Methods The PRECISE-DYAD study will follow up ~4200 women and their children recruited into the original PRECISE study. The study will add to the detailed pregnancy information and samples in PRECISE, collecting additional biological samples and clinical information on both the maternal and child health. Women will be asked about both their and their child’s health, their diets as well as undertaking a basic cardiology assessment. Using a case-control approach, some mothers will be asked about their mental health, their experiences of care during labour in the healthcare facility. In a sub-group, data on financial expenditure during antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal periods will also be collected. Child development will be assessed using a range of tools, including neurodevelopment assessments, and evaluating their home environment and quality of life. In the event developmental milestones are not met, additional assessments to assess vision and their risk of autism spectrum disorders will be conducted. Finally, a personal environmental exposure model for the full cohort will be created based on air and water quality data, combined with geographical, demographic, and behavioural variables. Conclusions The PRECISE-DYAD study will provide a greater epidemiological and mechanistic understanding of health and disease pathways in two sub-Saharan African countries, following healthy and complicated pregnancies. We are seeking additional funding to maintain this cohort and to gain an understanding of the effects of pregnancies outcome on longer-term health trajectories in mothers and their children.
Optimal examination for traumatic nerve/muscle injuries in earthquake survivors: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Yalçınkaya Berkay , Sağ Büşranur Tüten , Aksakal Mahmud Fazıl , Analay Pelin , Ocak Hasan , Kara Murat , Kaymak Bayram , Özçakar Levent
Published: April 2024

Background: Physiatrists are facing with survivors from disasters in both the acute and chronic phases of muscle and nerve injuries. Similar to many other clinical conditions, neuromusculoskeletal ultrasound can play a key role in the management of such cases (with various muscle/nerve injuries) as well. Accordingly, in this article, a recent single-center experience after the Turkey-Syria earthquake will be rendered. Methods: Ultrasound examinations were performed for various nerve/muscle lesions in 52 earthquake victims referred from different cities. Demographic features, type of injuries, and applied treatment procedures as well as detailed ultrasonographic findings are illustrated. Results: Of the 52 patients, 19 had incomplete peripheral nerve lesions of the brachial plexus (n=4), lumbosacral plexus (n=1), and upper and lower limbs (n=14). Conclusion: The ultrasonographic approach during disaster relief is paramount as regards subacute and chronic phases of rehabilitation. Considering technological advances (e.g., portable machines), the use of on-site ultrasound examination in the (very) early phases of disaster response also needs to be on the agenda of medical personnel.
Rehabilitative goals for patients undergoing lung retransplantation
Authors: Polastri Massimiliano , Reed Robert M.
Published: April 2024

Lung retransplantation (LRT) involves a second or subsequent lung transplant (LT) in a patient whose first transplanted graft has failed. LRT is the only treatment option for irreversible lung allograft failure caused by acute graft failure, chronic lung allograft dysfunction, or postoperative complications of bronchial anastomosis. Prehabilitation (rehabilitation before LT), while patients are on the waiting list, is recognized as an essential component of the therapeutic regimen and should be offered throughout the waiting period from the moment of listing until transplantation. LRT is particularly fraught with challenges, and prehabilitation to reduce frailty is one of the few opportunities to address modifiable risk factors (such as functional and motor impairments) in a patient population in which there is clearly room to improve outcomes. Although rehabilitative outcomes and quality of life in patients receiving or awaiting LT have gained increased interest, there is a paucity of data on rehabilitation in patients undergoing LRT. Frailty is one of the few modifiable risk factors of retransplantation that is potentially preventable. As such, it is imperative that professionals involved in the field of retransplantation conduct research specifically exploring rehabilitative techniques and outcomes of value for patients receiving LRT, because this area remains unexplored.
Análisis del contexto de la minería ancestral y tradicional en los municipios de Segovia y Remedios en el departamento de Antioquia: violación sistemática de los derechos humanos
Authors: Espinosa Pujol Ana María
Published: April 2024

La minería tradicional y ancestral, así catalogada por los habitantes de los municipios de Segovia y Remedios en el departamento de Antioquia, al tener costumbres, tradición y formas de trabajo que se han convertido en cultura, perfeccionado y transmitido por generaciones de manera pública y pacífica ante la ausencia del Estado, históricamente, se ha desarrollado en el contexto del conflicto armado colombiano, que muta de actores y formas de violencia, aspecto no tratado en la justicia transicional. Además, de forma sui generis, esta actividad minera se realiza dentro del área de un “título minero” reconocido como de propiedad privada, es decir, que el oro que se encuentra en el subsuelo pertenece a un particular y no a la nación, otorgado a través de leyes preexistentes. Constitucionalmente, dicho título abarca zonas rurales y urbanas de ambas jurisdicciones, “un estado dentro del Estado”, fundamentado en la legislación minera y ambiental actual, adquirido por una empresa con capital canadiense, que solicita arbitraje internacional de inversiones contra Colombia, argumentando minería “ilegal” en el título, como incumplimiento del Acuerdo de Libre Comercio entre la República de Colombia y Canadá, contexto de violación del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos.
Remoción arbitraria de magistrados de las salas de lo constitucional en países centroamericanos: perspectivas desde la realidad hondureña y salvadoreña y el rol del sistema interamericano de derechos humanos para el restablecimiento de la independencia judicial y el Estado de derecho
Authors: Alas Moreno Nancy Eunice
Published: April 2024

Este capítulo tiene como objetivo principal ofrecer un panorama general de las destituciones de las que han sido objeto los magistrados de las salas de lo constitucional de Honduras y El Salvador e identificar algunos precedentes judiciales de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (Corte IDH) de trascendencia, para entender la naturaleza de dichas destituciones y recalcar el importante papel que el sistema interamericano de derechos humanos desempeña no solo en la protección de los derechos humanos de los magistrados removidos, sino también en el restablecimiento del Estado de derecho y la protección de la democracia de ambos países.
Arte y emprendimiento: por nuevas formas de aprender
Authors: Granja Moreno Katherine
Published: April 2024

Arte y emprendimiento: por nuevas formas de aprender es una compilación de reflexiones de la comunidad de la Universidad del Rosario, que explora la conexión entre el arte y el emprendimiento como estrategia pedagógica innovadora. La obra refleja un enfoque educativo que va más allá de la transferencia de conocimientos y, en cambio, transforma aulas en laboratorios de experimentación. La iniciativa “El arte de emprender” busca desarrollar personalidades emprendedoras, al combinar habilidades creativas y ejecutivas, promover una comprensión integral del entorno y fomentar proyectos emprendedores innovadores. Destaca la importancia de las emociones en el emprendimiento y presenta testimonios de profesores, estudiantes y emprendedores que han encontrado su propósito mediante la combinación de estos dos saberes. Así, este libro se constituye en una valiosa contribución al campo educativo, al mostrar cómo el arte y el emprendimiento son capaces de potenciar la creatividad y el pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes, marcando un hito en la transformación educativa de la Universidad del Rosario y promoviendo metodologías innovadoras en el futuro.
Strategic Authenticity: Signaling Authenticity Without Undermining Professional Image in Workplace Interactions
Authors: Pillemer Julianna
Published: April 2024

Increasing demands to be seen as authentic at work have created a paradox of self-presentation for employees: the desire to be seen as simultaneously true to self and professionally appropriate in workplace interactions. The present paper introduces one way in which individuals may navigate this tension: strategic authenticity, a self-presentational approach that involves enacting behaviors intended to increase colleagues’ perceptions of one’s authenticity while accounting for individual and contextual factors that influence one’s professional image. I propose that the behavioral signals of social deviations (nonconformity and spontaneity) and self-expressions (transparency and vulnerability) increase colleagues’ perceptions of a worker’s authenticity but pose a threat to their professional image. Next, I highlight how felt authenticity and the degree of perceived violation of social expectations (i.e., benign versus taboo signal content and aligning with communal versus agentic norms) moderate the impact of signals on perceptions of authenticity and professional image, suggesting that strategic authenticity can be achieved via a careful selection of behaviors based on individual and contextual factors. Last, I consider how the enactment of strategic authenticity leads to high-quality connections at work, which over time, may lead to the formation of positive relationships (enhanced by an actor’s felt authenticity). This paper extends prior scholarship on authenticity, professional image construction, and high-quality connections by highlighting how to balance interpersonal goals to appear authentic and at the same time, maintain a desirable professional image in workplace interactions.
Integrated lymphoedema and tissue viability service: improving patient and wound outcomes
Authors: Stanton Julie , Knowles Aaron , Russell Laura , Bevis Claire
Published: April 2024

This article will focus on the integration of tissue viability and lymphoedema services to improve outcomes for patients with leg ulceration. It will highlight why there is a need for lymphoedema specialist knowledge within the care of patients with leg ulceration and how the services are closely aligned. Lymphoedema can adversely affect wound healing and the article will provide case studies that highlight how developing a hybrid tissue viability and lymphoedema clinician or integration of the specialists can provide effective patient-centred care at reduced cost. The article offers potential strategies and suggestions on how to address inequalities in care and how to improve service provision.
Best interests must be centred on the person's needs not those of the family
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: April 2024

Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, discusses the importance of not allowing unreasonable family demands for care influence the determination of best interests for a person who lacks capacity
Selection of informative markers using machine learning approaches and genome-wide association studies to improve genomic prediction in Hanwoo cattle: a simulation study
Authors: Ekanayake Waruni , Dinh Phuong Thanh N. , Lee Jun Heon , Lee Seung Hwan
Published: April 2024

The present study deploys a comparison of Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) in selecting optimum subsets of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to be used in genomic prediction in cattle. The data simulation was carried out for 6,000 animals and 47,841 SNPs which include 43,633 polygenic markers and 4208 quantitative trait loci (QTL) using QMSim software. The genomic prediction was conducted with the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) method using the BLUPF90 program. The accuracy of prediction was computed in three different types, namely, Empirical all SNPs, Empirical QTL, and theoretical accuracy, Accuracy PEV . Among the three models, the highest Empirical all SNPs accuracy 0.79 was derived for GBM followed by 0.77 for XGBoost and 0.76 for GWAS. The Empirical QTL accuracy was almost equal for all three models. The maximum theoretical accuracy was obtained for GWAS which was 0.93, whereas GBM and XGBoost obtained 0.86 and 0.85 accuracy levels respectively. Our results indicate that all three models comparably performed in genomic predictions; however, subsets selected by both GBM and GWAS reported higher prediction accuracies compared to the whole SNP set. The number of QTL selected as a proportion of the total number of SNPs was superior in GWAS. These observations can be validated using real data which could enable further optimization of the analysis process.
Analysis and experimental verification of the polarization characteristics of cube-corner reflectors
Authors: Li Ning , Zheng Fajia , Feng Qibo , Zhang Bin , Long Fei
Published: April 2024

The polarization effect of cube-corner reflectors (CCRs), which influences the performance of optical systems, requires comprehensive analysis. This study developed a model for the polarization state of uncoated solid and hollow CCRs using the Jones matrix derivation and Zemax software simulations. The accuracies of theoretical analyses and simulations were verified using an experimental setup. Theoretical analysis, simulation, and experimental results revealed that hollow CCRs are insensitive to the polarization state of the incident light, exhibiting average variations of 0.8° and 0.7° in the polarization direction and ellipticity, respectively. Contrastingly, the high sensitivity of solid CCRs to the polarization state of the incident light varied across different incident regions. The propagation paths 2–1–3 and 3–1–2 with minor polarization effects involved light that entered from one side of the CCR, traversed the bottom, and emitted from the other side. In these regions, the average variations in the polarization direction and ellipticity were 10.7° and 6.6°, respectively, whereas more affected regions exhibited corresponding values of 44.8° and 20.0°. These findings guide the enhancement and optimization of the performance of optical systems using CCRs.
Spatially synchronous fringe detection: a method to facilitate the alignment of an echelle grating mosaic by separating the compensative angular errors
Authors: Han Jian , Ding Jiakui , Lizon Jean Louis , Qiqige Xin , Wang Rui , Zhang Kai , Xiao Dong
Published: April 2024

Alignment of mosaic gratings is traditionally supported by two interferometric verifications: on the zero order to verify the grating surfaces and on the blaze to verify the groove direction. In the case of low frequency echelle grating an interferometric measurement on the zero order is hardly feasible due to extremely low contrast of the fringes. The complete alignment has then to be carried out on high order (close to the blaze) where the two misalignment errors (the tip and rotation) show the same effect on the interferogram. The acquisition of a low and a high diffraction order image simultaneously, referred to as the spatially synchronous fringe detection method (SSFD), is used to analyze the misalignment. Iterative adjustment with the autocollimation configuration at the low and high order is used to separate the compensative errors of Δθ
x
and Δθ
z
. A prototype mosaic with two 110mm×220mm segments has been aligned with the support of this method. A numerical simulation of the alignment procedure as well as the error orientation analysis of this mosaic grating are presented. The mosaic grating with an accuracy of Δθ
x
<0.64µrad, Δθ
y
<1.13µrad, Δθ
z
<0.65µrad and a wavefront RMS error of 0.149λ has been completed. This method can greatly facilitate the alignment of an echelle mosaic for an astronomical spectrograph.
Unsupervised speckle denoising in digital holographic interferometry based on 4-f optical simulation integrated cycle-consistent generative adversarial network
Authors: Yu HongBo , Fang Qiang , Song QingHe , Montresor Silvio , Picart Pascal , Xia Haiting
Published: April 2024

The speckle noise generated during digital holographic interferometry (DHI) is unavoidable and difficult to eliminate, thus reducing its accuracy. We propose a self-supervised deep-learning speckle denoising method using a cycle-consistent generative adversarial network to mitigate the effect of speckle noise. The proposed method integrates a 4-f optical speckle noise simulation module with a parameter generator. In addition, it uses an unpaired dataset for training to overcome the difficulty in obtaining noise-free images and paired data from experiments. The proposed method was tested on both simulated and experimental data, with results showing a 6.9% performance improvement compared with a conventional method and a 2.6% performance improvement compared with unsupervised deep learning in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio. Thus, the proposed method exhibits superior denoising performance and potential for DHI, being particularly suitable for processing large datasets.
Trace detection of cadmium (II) ions based on an excessively tilted fiber grating
Authors: Zhong Xiujuan , Zhan Wang , Ma Li , Yin Guolu
Published: April 2024

Cadmium (Cd2+) ion is one of the most crucial industrial pollutants that cause serious harm to the human body. We proposed and experimentally demonstrated a highly sensitive Cd2+ sensor based on hydrogel coated excessively tilted fiber grating. The hydrogel with the functional monomer of the allyl thiourea can specifically bind to Cd2+, and hence forming a complex. The grating excites high order cladding modes, and ensures a sufficient interaction between the light and hydrogel binding to Cd2+, providing highly sensitive monitoring. The results show that the sensor can detect 0-160 pM Cd2+ in aqueous solution. The maximum sensitivity is 10600 nm/µM, and the minimum detection concentration is 20 pM (about 0.004 ppb), which is much less than that of the international standard (3 ppb). The proposed sensor exhibits high sensitivity, ultra-low detection limit, specificity, and a compact structure, offering potential as a tool for Cd2+ detection in aqueous solution.
In-band pumped Kerr-lens mode-locked Tm,Ho-codoped calcium aluminate laser
Authors: Zeng Huang-Jun , Xue Wen-Ze , Murray Robert T. , Cui Chen , Wang Li , Pan Zhongben , Loiko Pavel , Mateos Xavier , Yuan FeiFei , Zhang Ge , Griebner Uwe , Petrov Valentin , Chen Weidong
Published: April 2024

We report on a Kerr-lens mode-locked Tm,Ho-codoped calcium aluminate laser with in-band pumping of the Tm ions by a spatially single-mode 1678 nm Raman fiber laser. The structurally disordered CaGdAlO4 host crystal is also codoped also with the passive Lu ion for additional inhomogeneous line broadening. The Tm,Ho,Lu:CaGdAlO4 laser generates soliton pulses as short as 79 fs at a central wavelength of 2073.6 nm via soft-aperture Kerr-lens mode-locking. The corresponding average output power amounts to 91 mW at a pulse repetition rate of ∼86 MHz. The average output power can be scaled to 842 mW at the expense of slightly longer pulses of 155 fs at 2045.9 nm, which corresponds to a peak power of ∼58 kW. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first demonstration of an in-band pumped Kerr-lens mode-locked Tm,Ho solid-state laser at ∼2 µm.
Multi-contrast x-ray identification of inhomogeneous materials and their discrimination through deep learning approaches
Authors: Partridge T. , Shankar S. S. , Buchanan I. , Modregger P. , Astolfo A. , Bate D. , Olivo A.
Published: April 2024

Recent innovations in x-ray technology (namely phase-based and
energy-resolved imaging) offer unprecedented opportunities for
material discrimination; however, they are often used in isolation or
in limited combinations. Here we show that the optimized combination
of contrast channels (attenuation at three x-ray energies, ultra-small
angle scattering at two, standard deviation of refraction)
significantly enhances material identification abilities compared to
dual-energy x-ray imaging alone, and that a combination of
off-the-shelf machine learning approaches can effectively
discriminate, e.g., threat materials, in complex datasets. The
methodology is validated on a range of materials and image datasets
that are both an order of magnitude larger than those used in previous
studies. Our results can provide an effective methodology to
discriminate, and in some cases identify, different materials in
complex imaging scenarios, with prospective applications across the
life and physical sciences. While the detection of threat materials is
used as a demonstrator here, the methodology could be equally applied
to, e.g., the distinction between diseased and healthy tissues or
degraded vs. pristine materials.
Powell lens-based Line-Field OCT for in-vivo, contact-less, cellular resolution imaging of the human cornea
Authors: Chen Keyu , FIROOZJAH NIMA , Wong Alexander , Bizheva Kostadinka
Published: April 2024

Potentially blinding corneal diseases alter the morphology of the human cornea. At the early stages of disease development, these changes occur at cellular level. The ability to visualize and quantify such changes can lead to early diagnostics, which is pivotal for the long-term preservation of vision. Here we present a novel Powell Line-based Line-Field Optical Coherence Tomography (PL-LF-OCT) system that combines high spatial resolution (2.4 μm × 2.2 μm × 1.7 μm (x × y × z)) in biological tissue, sufficient to resolve individual cells, high sensitivity (~90 dB), sufficient to image the semi-transparent human cornea, and fast image acquisition rate (≥ 2,400 fps), sufficient to suppress most involuntary eye motion artifacts and allow for contactless, in-vivo imaging of the cellular structure of the human cornea. Volumetric images acquired in-vivo from corneas of healthy subjects show corneal epithelial, endothelial and keratocytes cells, as well as sub-basal and stromal corneal nerves. The system’s high axial resolution also allows for clear identification and morphometry of the corneal endothelium, Descemet’s membrane and the pre-Descemet’s (Dua) layer.
PIEZO1 regulates leader cell formation and cellular coordination during collective keratinocyte migration
Authors: Chen Jinghao , Holt Jesse R. , Evans Elizabeth L. , Lowengrub John S. , Pathak Medha M.
Published: April 2024

The collective migration of keratinocytes during wound healing requires both the generation and transmission of mechanical forces for individual cellular locomotion and the coordination of movement across cells. Leader cells along the wound edge transmit mechanical and biochemical cues to ensuing follower cells, ensuring their coordinated direction of migration across multiple cells. Despite the observed importance of mechanical cues in leader cell formation and in controlling coordinated directionality of cell migration, the underlying biophysical mechanisms remain elusive. The mechanically-activated ion channel PIEZO1 was recently identified to play an inhibitory role during the reepithelialization of wounds. Here, through an integrative experimental and mathematical modeling approach, we elucidate PIEZO1’s contributions to collective migration. Time-lapse microscopy reveals that PIEZO1 activity inhibits leader cell formation at the wound edge. To probe the relationship between PIEZO1 activity, leader cell formation and inhibition of reepithelialization, we developed an integrative 2D continuum model of wound closure that links observations at the single cell and collective cell migration scales. Through numerical simulations and subsequent experimental validation, we found that coordinated directionality plays a key role during wound closure and is inhibited by upregulated PIEZO1 activity. We propose that PIEZO1-mediated retraction suppresses leader cell formation which inhibits coordinated directionality between cells during collective migration.