bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In memoriam PhDr. Olgy Skalníkové, CSc.
Authors: Moravcová Mirjam
Published: January 2025

V prvém dni měsíce března česká etnologie ztratila svou nestorku PhDr. Olgu Skalníkovou, CSc., nezdolnou vědeckou pracovnici, která stála u zrodu novodobého zájmu české etnologie o městskou společnost, průmyslovou oblast a dělnictvo. Se smutkem přijímáme skutečnost, že můžeme již pouze připomenout její vklad do rozvoje české etnologie, vklad, jímž ovlivňovala náš obor po více než šedesát let.
Konference Význam a pozice menšinových etnických skupin v interkulturním prostředí
Authors: Malme Klára
Published: January 2025

Fakulta humanitních studií Univerzity Karlovy v Praze uspořádala na začátku února již čtvrtou mezinárodní antropologickou konferenci. Tentokrát se věnovala stereotypům, předsudkům a konfliktům z perspektivy etnických menšin. Jedná se o téma navýsost aktuální, a to nejen mezi odbornou veřejností. I proto byl zájem ze strany odborné i laické veřejnosti o konferenci velký. Své referáty přijelo přednést na čtyřicet účastníků. Přednášející se sjeli nejen z celé České republiky, Slovenska a Lucemburska, ale též z Polska a Albánie, pozvání přitom přijali také zástupci neziskových a regionálních institucí zabývajících se problematikou etnických menšin v praxi.
Mizení náboženství z veřejného prostoru
Authors: Nešpor Zdeněk R.
Published: January 2025

This study analyses the liquidation process of the German Protestant Church in Bohemia, Moravia and in Silesia, the fourth largest Czech church, in the era after World War II. The analysis examines the fates of the religious buildings of the church. Research was based on newly discovered archive materials of the Protestant provenience, which also give us a picture of post-war religiousness in the newly re-settled borderlands, as well as on the material gathered in the publication Encyclopaedia of Modern Protestant and Old Catholic Churches in Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia (2009). The existence of the German Protestant Church lost its justification in connection with the post-war movement/expulsion of Czech Germans, the author shows that the liquidation of and the other manipulation with its properties was carried out with a distinctly nationalistic, political and other unrelated motives. The association of the Czechoslovak (Hussite) Church with the Communist regime led to the fact that it temporarily utilised most of the property during the first decades of the regime. In the long-term, however, the higher stability of Protestant communities prevailed, and the dominant "inheritor" of the German Protestant Church's property was the Protestant Church of the Czech Brethren. Some other religious groups also profited from this inheritance. Just over half of the possessions were lost altogether for religious use. However, the secularisation of church property is only one of the causes of religion disappearing from the public sphere; other causes include the weakening of religious life and the de facto self-enclosure of religious communities, whose religiosity was unable to appeal to the wider masses. The remaining religious buildings that still serve their original purpose today are perceived only as "hollows", which by their very existence do not allow understandable, i.e. secular use of space.
Lucie Olivová (ed.): Postava šibala v asijské slovesnosti.
Authors: Janeček Petr
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Lucie Olivová.
Myths and “Reality” of Central-European Cities during the Formation of Identities
Authors: Soukupová Blanka
Published: January 2025

One of the accompanying features of the modernization of society is its urbanization (HOHENBERG – HOLLEN LEES 1985). Anthony Giddens (1999: 445) characterized it as a global process. Urban ethnography (later also anthropology), developed in Czechoslovakia and Poland at the end of the 1970s and beginning of the 1980s, paid attention until then to partial problems in the development of cities and the lifestyles of their inhabitants. Numerous microanalyses concerning the city in a certain period also corresponded to it, mainly in the time from the 19th and 20th centuries. Various aspects of material culture (e.g., inhabitants’ ways of dressing, eating, and living) were also studied. In the case of spiritual culture, attention concentrated on urban celebrations and entertainment, exhibitions, folklore, urban educational, theatrical, corporative and family systems. Ethnographers and anthropologists, like historians and sociologists, also studied the lifestyles of the inhabitants of the city (e.g., lifestyles of workers, ethnic minorities, women, marginalized groups [prostitutes, beggars], workers’ and Jewish families, the middle class). In the last decade research has also begun on meeting places in cities as well as urban non-places, research of functions of individual parts of the city, impact of modernization on the mentality of the people. Current urban anthropology is further characterized by research of individual elements of the identity of a city, the quality of urban dialogues, in Czech anthropology mainly ethnic, research of sacral and profane places in the city, specific natural formations, monuments of individual groups of ethnic and national minorities. One monument can exist at the same time in the discourse of several nations and minorities. Inclination toward the contemporary city prevails. Productivity of the indicator of myths in cultural activities of European cities was demonstrated last year in two conferences: those in Krakow and Prague (Evropské město: obraz, stereotyp, mýtus. Co lze mýtizovat ve městě? [European city: image, stereotype, myth. What can be mythicized in a city?]). Through a flood of articles, studies and books anthropologists in recent times have arrived at a comparative view of the city.
Father Frost Welcomes You or the Myth of New Prague as a Beautiful City in a Socialist Way
Authors: Soukupová Blanka
Published: January 2025

The study applies the proposition of French anthropologist Marc Augé that the city is an exemplary object of the imagination to Prague after the Communist Revolution (1948), when the Communists quickly reinforced their position as the leading political power. In Prague they offered an image of the beautiful socialist city of the future. Specific fulfillment of this myth meant the factual and symbolic occupation of the capital. The Communists won decisive influence in communal politics, nationalized numerous buildings in the city and their inventory, eliminated urban tradesmen. A harsh centralized bureaucracy and service went hand in hand with a transformation of the urban space. A myth could fill only a city with a well-arranged plan, with generous high-rise buildings, with extensive residential buildings, with purpose-built infrastructure, with new historical traditions and with new symbols. The socialist city went the way of balancing social differences with extensive investments in its outskirts. The center of the city, earlier inaccessible to the lower social classes, decayed. The Communist myth of the socialist city was an inseparable part of the Party ideology. In practice, however – and in view of the inefficient economy and investments in preferred parts of the state – in Prague it clashed with daily reality. In its light although it appears homogeneous, at the same time, however, it appears like an empty ideological-political construct.
The Project Zlín
Authors: Galčanová Lucie , Vacková Barbora
Published: January 2025

This article is based on a contribution to the “Město – mýtus – identita” (City – Myth – Identity) conference. In it we attempt to consider Baťa and Zlín as a specific kind of myth which is still alive within our cultural milieu. In the text which follows we will deal with one chapter from the overall story of Zlín: with the forms of worker housing, the original assumptions around its construction and its life in everyday currency (based on in-depth interviews with the residents). With this analytical look at this unique phenomenon we wish to peer under one layer of the Zlín myth.
Petr Janeček: Černá sanitka – Třikrát a dost. Mytologie pro 21. století.
Authors: Luffer Jan
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Petr Janeček.
Plodnost jako přehlížené téma
Authors: Sokol Jan
Published: January 2025

Emmanuel Lévinas in some of his works, namely in Totality and Infinity, outlines entirely original philosophical anthropology. Let’s first review the most important Lévinas’s amendments and revisions relating to the philosophy of existence. Then, we shall focus on Fertility, the principal phenomenon not only for the Lévinasian anthropology and ontology, but also for secular ethics. Following exposition and detail interpretation of the Fertility Chapter of his Totality and Infinity, a chapter very dense and rich in content, we shall review the fact that this entirely principal topic of Western thinking – until Lévinas – was generally neglected or ignored.
Obraz světa a člověka v uměních starověku
Authors: Bouzek Jan
Published: January 2025

The article discusses how the picture of man and his world changed from the Neolithic until the end of Classical antiquity. The two ways of perception, through the eye and through the ideas about what I see, are present since the beginnings of visual arts, but its development underwent important changes. The art of the Late Paleolithic and Mesolithic reflects the early mind of “dreaming”, those of the Maltese and Cycladic figurines, though based on Geometric construction, reflects still similar kind of perception based on inner experience. Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age in the Mediterranean representations rather depict what is arising (das Werdende) than what already exists (das Seiende). When the pictures became more realistic, still the composition derives from continuous rhythmic patters, as spiral or wave line. The observer is not separate from the picture, it is feeling to be inside the space of the picture, while the perspective is composed from viewing the objects from several angles; the final representation combines several views, and the objects represented are not governed by the observer’s position. The world of art - since the Sumerian times - had to reflect the entirety of the sensual world - besides the human and divine (i.e. idealised human) worlds the animals, plants and minerals are represented to produce a reflection of the whole macrocosmos in the microcosmos of art in order to harmonize the relations between man and the gods, the entirety of the world and the human being. The emancipation from the traditional sapiential wisdom based on memory and transmitting already fixed experience was replaced in the Early Iron Age by philosophy, by attempts of intellectual explaining of the reality: this is also reflected by the progress of visual arts in Greece, trying to understand human body and the soul behind it appearance. The Etruscan mind was more traditional, preferring - against the Romans - the teleological explanation to causal; it this it was near to the mind of the Celts. The Romans became more conscious of the individuality; Roman portraits are more individual than those of the Greeks, thus showing the progress of emancipation of the individual from the group identity. Late Antiquity preferred the new approach in idealization of the reality; the portrait was changed into icon, the optic perception of light prevailed over the physical forms, like in the Ravenna mosaic or in the jewellery using colour stones; it was believed that precious stones enable the contact between the human world and those of the angels.
Praha
Authors: Jurková Zuzana
Published: January 2025

Most western (and not only western) concepts of music lie on a spectrum delimited by poles, with working title “harmonical pythagoreism” on one side, and semiotic concept on the other. Within the harmonical pythagoreism concept, that is a markedly close parallel to Chinese Confucianism, the “correct“ music is understood as an image of macrocosm; it is governed by the same rules and thus it is an objective reality; in its essence it is close to natural sciences. Just as a note, it must be said that the concept of harmonical pythagoreism is in its pure essence, in today’s western understanding on music, totally marginal. Semiotic concept considers music as pre-arranged system of symbols, whose essence is similar to that of language: To understand musical message, one must learn the “dictionary“ of these symbols including their grammatical and syntactic rules that may be learned by formal analysis of musical expression. Either of these concepts – and of course also every other concept situated on their connecting line – considers music to be in principal a sound phenomenon on one hand and a sui generis phenomenon on the other, governed by own laws. Research methods of such autonomous phenomenon are naturally based on musical analysis. However, ethnomusicologists have realized when researching musical cultures worldwide that the above western musical concept as a primarily sui generis sound phenomenon is neither the only imaginable one nor the only one in existence. Markedly different is, for example, the Sub-Saharan-African musical concept; this difference is also reflected in native terminology…
The Rise of the Creative Class by Richard Florida.
Authors: Muhič Dizdarevič Selma
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Richard Florida.
ETHOAHTPOПOЗYM/Ethnoanthropozoom
Authors: Janeček Petr
Published: January 2025

A review of the book.
Bonnie C. Wade: Thinking Musically: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture; Adelaida Reyes: Music in America.
Authors: Jurková Zuzana
Published: January 2025

A review of two books by Bonnie C. Wade and Adelaida Reyes.
Legenda české etnologie – Iva Heroldová
Authors: Moravcová Dana
Published: January 2025

Možná je to stereotyp, který říká, že málo komu se podaří získat uznání za života a neztratit ho po svém odchodu. Přesto v tuto „pravdu“ lidé často věří a kladou si otázku, jací byli ti, kteří se vymkli tomuto klišé. Bezpochyby museli za svého života přesvědčit svou prací, která se v nějakém ohledu stala zakladatelskou či objevnou a jejíž poselství společnost či určitá skupina lidí nadále cítí jako symbol kontinuity vlastního konání. Takovou klíčovou osobností pro české etnology je Iva Heroldová. Jejím zakladatelským počinem byla systematická práce v oblasti studia etnických procesů. Zásadně přispěla zejména k vyprofilování a ke kontinuitě zkoumání mezietnických vztahů v ČR.
Bulharofonní muslimové (Pomáci)
Authors: Nahodilová Lenka
Published: January 2025

Antropologický terénní výzkum bulharofonních muslimů, kteří žijí ve vesnicích v západních Rodopech, probíhá od roku 1998. Jeho projekt vznikl z osobní iniciativy realizátorky v rámci výzkumné činnosti a díky ochotě obyvatel zkoumaných vesnic.
O neverbální komunikaci
Authors: Procházková Lucie
Published: January 2025

Neverbální komunikaci byl věnován brainstorming (hledání nových nápadů), který se konal 20. listopadu 2000 na půdě Pedagogického centra v Brně. Setkání se uskutečnilo na žádost ředitele Pedagogického centra v Brně, Svatopluka Švarce, a jeho zástupkyně Markéty Jedličkové, kteří jsou řešiteli projektu k právě projednávanému tématu. Diskusi řídil Prof. Josef Smékal z Fakulty sociálních studií Masarykovy Univerzity v Brně.
Z Čech až na konec světa
Authors: Segerová Vendula
Published: January 2025

Výstava z Čech až na konec světa byla věnovaná cestám slavných i méně známých Čechů, kteří část života pobývali v cizině a o svém pobytu zanechali svědectví prostřednictvím cestopisu nebo sbírek.
Od zázračného obrazu k tradici našich poutí
Authors: Kokošková Věra
Published: January 2025

V galerii Domu historie Přešticka probíhala výstava, kterou pořadatelé nazvali „Tradice našich poutí". U příležitosti 290. výročí konání první tzv. „velké" pouti v Přešticích u Plzně dne 26. května 1711 si vytkla za cíl připomenout návštěvníkům prapůvod dnešních, většinou již ryze světských radovánek.
Ze sbírek muzea - malířství a umělecké řemeslo; Veronika Palečková - výběr z díla; Domácnost našich babiček
Authors: MČKB
Published: January 2025

Výstava zahrnovala reprezentativní výběr z děl nejvýznamnějších malířů, kteří jsou zastoupeni ve fondech berounského muzea, a to v široké paletě námětů a technik; Výstava akademické malířky Veroniky Palečkové, určená širší veřejnosti, recenzovala jak rozměrná plátna, lak i drobné grafické práce; Výstava připomenula prostředí a atmosféru života na přelomu 18. a 19. století.
Elena Mannová (Eds.): Meštianstvo a občianska spoločnosť na Slovensku (1900-1989).
Authors: Bumová Ivica
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Elena Mannová.
Je „Velký obrat ke krajině" skutečně ekologický?
Authors: Hájek Tomáš
Published: January 2025

We have to take into account, that the BIG TURN TO THE LANDSCPE is the turn to the sustainability, namely the ecological sustainability. The apparent sense to maintain the values of the cultural values stems from the dynamics of spatial relationship between the city and the countryside. We cannot solve the  number of relative separated ecological problems (the support of natural agriculture, the support of renewable energy, the sustainability of transportation) without keeping the countryside inhabited, economically alive, ecologically sound as the real background of the city. The ideological stress on the preservation of the values of the cultural landscape is the way, how to make the ecological attitude to renewable energy and natural agriculture convincing. Despite the logical clarity of emphasis on the cultural landscape, there is no unity among the environmentalists with respect to cultural landscape as the ecological topic of highest importance. Some ecologists are afraid, that the apology of the preservation of traditional image of cultural landscape could mouth to the apology of destruction of the rest of wilderness, that is hidden around us within the cultural landscape as well as it could give rise to the new obstacles towards penetrating the spots of wilderness to the cultural landscape. Is that any chance to overcome this - mostly ideological - debate? The emphasis on preservation of cultural landscape does not exlude - for instance - recovery of original nets of biotic systems inside the country. But it is evident, that the intention to regard the old traditional cultural landscape as the only image of cultural lancscape itself worth of protection is the bad way. We have to protect the cultural landscape as the urbanistic space, despite its next look will differ necessarily from its previous shape.
Eduard Gombár: Moderní dějiny islámských zemí.
Authors: Kristen st. Vladimír
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Eduard Gombár.
Martin Heidegger: Sebrané spisy, I. oddíl, svazek 8 Was heisst Denken?,
Authors: Novák Aleš
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Martin Heidegger.
Jan Bouzek: Etruskové jiní než všechny ostatní národy,
Authors: Cílek Václav
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Jan Bouzek.
Human lnfants' Crying
Authors: Wermke Kathleen
Published: January 2025

Lidský novorozenec je schopen podporovat a udržovat interakce s matkou už krátce po porodu. Novorozenec se rodí s předprogramovaným repertoárem odpovědí uspořádaným tak, aby maximalizoval přežití jedince a druhu. Jak matka tak novorozenec modifikují svoje konání v závislosti na zpětnovazebné odpovědi partnera. Matky nepotřebují pro zacházení s dítětem explicitní instrukce, a při svém jednání využívají strategie adekvátní svému věku, které jsou založeny také na fylogeneticky předprogramovaných vzorcích chování ("intuitive parenting"). Vzhledem k motorické bezmocnosti lidského kojence jsou nezbytné velmi silné sociální kontakty s matkou nebo jiným pečujícím jedincem. Tyto ranné interakce podporuje řada signálů, které umožňují vazbu matka-dítě. Vazbu podporující chováni se zakládá zvláště na visuálních signálech (např. kontakt očí, smích, typické charakteristiky obličeje a těla). Matky jsou na takové signály svého dítěte velmi citlivé.
Social Grooming in Humans
Authors: Strungaru Carmen
Published: January 2025

Sociální grooming (výskání srsti aneb sociální čištění, pozn. red.) je důležitou součástí naší dlouhé fylogenetické historie a existence jako jeden z elementů neverbální komunikace a hraje klíčovou úlohu ve formování a udržení sociálních kontaktů s příslušníky společenství. B-endorphin je vážným elementem v složitém systému mechanizmu odměňování, zahrnujícím jak jeho provedení, tak i přijetí groomingu. Fylogeneticky hluboce zakořeněné chování, takové jako sociální grooming, není snadné zničit kulturou. Zdá se že biopsychická frustrace vycházející z redukce allogroomingu v lidských společenstvech vede ke zvýšení autogroomingu, který má často destruktivní, nefunkční formy. Autogrooming, který je pravděpodobně „starší" než sociální grooming, je často viděn jako zástupná aktivita u lidí ve stressu. Výzkum sociálního groomingu u lidí je nezvykle málo rozvinutý vzhledem k jeho nesporné závažnosti pro náš druh.
Volný jako pták?
Authors: Pinc Zdeněk
Published: January 2025

Mýtus „volný jako pták" je spíše reklamní slogan. Jestli někdo není volný, tak je to pták. Ostatně: žádný živočich, kromě člověka, nemůže být svobodný. Takový je základní rozdíl mezi člověkem a zvířetem. Člověk je bytost, která nemá žádné přirozené prostředí - může žít téměř kdekoli, protože je schopna se v novém prostředí adaptovat, zatímco zvíře - u ptáků je to zvlášť markantní - je na své prostředí odkázáno, není schopné ho měnit a opustit ho. Nejmarkantnější je to u takových živočichů, kteří jsou monofágy, tedy ti, co jedí jenom jednu věc. Tito monofágové nejsou schopni svou dietu změnit. Nejtypičtější monofág je roztomilý australský medvídek koala, který umí jíst jenom eukalyptové listy, jejich výhonky a jenom pokud jsou čerstvé. Jakmile se nechají výhonky zapařit, vylučuje se z nich jistá dávka kyanidu, která ty roztomilé tvorečky zabíjí. Koalové mohou žít jenom tam, kde jsou eukalyptové pralesy a nikde jinde. Zoologická zahrada, která by chtěla pěstovat koaly, by se musela postarat o dostatek eukalyptů. Člověk je naproti tomu polyfág, ,,žere" úplně všechno, a dokonce i když bude donucen jíst něco, ,,co se nejí", tak to přežije. Proto vazba na určité prostředí je u člověka velmi volná. Lidské dějiny jsou prostoupeny skutečností, že jednotlivé epochy vlastně vyvolává nějaký katastrofický tlak, který donutí lidi žít tak, jak se dosud nežilo.
Komunikace mezi člověkem a papouškem šedým
Authors: Tymr František
Published: January 2025

Goal of the first experiment has been to learn whether the Model/Rival learning technique is applicable for the individuals from wild living conditions that have used a natural parrot vocalization and who has contacts with other parrots during the experiment. During 5 month learning session that were five days a week, 15-30 min several times per day it had not been noticed any use of human words by parrots. After that another parrot that is able to use 15 human words was included into the experiment. Parrots were left alone for first two days. During these days the first parrot had learned one human word from "speaking" individual. There has not been recorded clear evidence till now when the target individual (a wild parrot) has learned any human word by the Model/Rival technique. He only uses expressions commonly used and learned by the second parrot. There is no word for the marking of a concrete object. The learned words were simply added to natural vocalisation. The second experiment goal was to study factors that influence learning abilities of Gray parrots (sex of a teacher, time and parrot speaking preferences). The words were analogical by a sound set and a length of a word; changes were made by the shifting of syllables. The parrot has learned five new words (from the selected set) during 93,5 hours of learning that have been 254 times repeated.
Endre von Ivánka: Plato Christianus.
Authors: Kružík Josef
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Endre von Ivánka.
Robert Kaplan: Přicházející anarchie. Zborcení snů - svět po studené válce
Authors: Cílek Václav
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Robert Kaplan.
Dušan Třeštík: Mýty kmene Čechů (7.-10. století, Tři studie ke „Starým pověstem českým",
Authors: Bouzek Jan
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Dušan Třeštík.
Klimatická gramotnost – nová nebo odvozená gramotnost?
Authors: Scholzová Veronika , Janoušková Svatava
Published: January 2025

Slovo gramotnost ve spojení s řadou adjektiv v pedagogickém i laickém slovníku zevšednělo. Díky šetření PISA běžně  využíváme termíny matematická, čtenářská, přírodovědná a finanční gramotnost. Počet těchto termínů dále narůstá (viz  např. environmentální, digitální gramotnost). U většiny z nich přitom chybí konsenzus na přesném vymezení. V našem teoretickém příspěvku analyzujeme koncepty přírodovědné, environmentální a klimatické gramotnosti. Na základě této analýzy docházíme k závěru, že stávající vymezení klimatické gramotnosti nepřináší žádnou novou dimenzi, která by nebyla již zahrnuta v přírodovědné a environmentální gramotnosti. S ohledem na tuto skutečnost se domníváme, že pro školní praxi a do jisté míry i pro výzkum je vymezení tohoto pojmu nadbytečné. Domníváme se, že dobrá znalost dlouhodobě existující gramotnosti přírodovědné a environmentální umožní vyučujícím uchopit i odvozené gramotnosti, mezi nimi gramotnost klimatickou či gramotnost související s udržitelností.
Pokrzywdzony przestępstwem a cesja roszczeń będących wynikiem jego popełnienia
Authors: Pilarczyk Łukasz
Published: January 2025

Celem artykułu jest ocena tez orzecznictwa dotyczącego sytuacji nabywcy wierzytelności będącej wynikiem przestępstwa w postępowaniu karnym i przedstawienie poglądu autora dotyczącego możliwości rozstrzygnięcia tego problemu. Zdaniem autora odniesienie tez orzecznictwa do treści przepisów prawa karnego oraz cywilnego, przy ich wykładni nie tylko językowej, lecz także systemowej, musi powodować wątpliwości co do słuszności tez stawianych w orzecznictwie. Wynikają one przede wszystkim z zestawienia ze sobą przepisów prawa karnego i cywilnego, które także powinno być stosowane przy orzekaniu o obowiązku naprawienia szkody. Tymczasem według przepisów prawa cywilnego nabywca wierzytelności powinien nabyć te same uprawnienia procesowe, które przysługiwały jej zbywcy. Jednakże sądy karne nie stosują w tym zakresie przepisów prawa cywilnego, odmawiając nabywcy nie tylko statusu pokrzywdzonego, ale nawet możliwości ubiegania się o orzeczenie na jego rzecz obowiązku naprawienia szkody w procesie karnym. Takie stanowisko wynika z przyjęcia wąskiej interpretacji definicji pokrzywdzonego, nieobejmującej swoim zakresem nabywcy wierzytelności. Omawiana kwestia prowadzi do realnych problemów praktycznych, ponieważ akceptacja tez dominujących w orzecznictwie może prowadzić do poszkodowania nabywcy wierzytelności i bezpodstawnego, nieuzasadnionego aksjologicznie, uprzywilejowania sprawcy przestępstwa. Zaznaczyć przy tym należy, że problem ten choć realnie istniejący, nie jest przedmiotem zbyt częstej refleksji naukowej, albowiem omawiane tezy orzecznictwa, choć muszą budzić wątpliwości, są zazwyczaj akceptowane w doktrynie prawa karnego.
Jak i po co wspierać kulturę miejskiej pomysłowości? Wnioski z ewaluacji mechanizmów „Pomysłowy Żoliborz” i „DziałaMY! Wawer”
Authors: Frąckowiak Maciej
Published: January 2025

Przedmiotem tekstu jest znaczenie wsparcia instytucjonalnego dla oddolnej aktywności mieszkańców miast, która w ostatnich latach nabrała nowego znaczenia (istotna składowa odporności wobec kryzysu pandemicznego czy migracyjnego). Kwestie te rozważane są na przykładzie mechanizmu wspierającego kulturę miejskiej pomysłowości zaprojektowanego przez Fundację Pole Dialogu, który był testowany w dwóch dzielnicach Warszawy: Żoliborzu i Wawrze. Przyjęta metoda badań obejmowała ewaluację zewnętrzną i kroczącą, łączącą analizę danych zastanych, techniki jakościowe i ilościowe, w tym wywiady indywidualne, grupowe i ankietowanie osób uczestniczących oraz koordynujących projekty „Pomysłowy Żoliborz” oraz „DziałaMY! Wawer”. Omawiane badania były ukierunkowane na ocenę funkcjonowania mechanizmu wspierającego pomysłowość miejską, identyfikację sprawdzonych oraz niesprawdzonych rozwiązań i czynników z otoczenia, które sprzyjały osiąganiu zamierzonych efektów bądź to utrudniały. Wnioski z pilotażu wskazują, że działania informacyjne i promocyjne były skuteczne, gdyż docierały do zakładanych grup odbiorców i motywowały ich do działania. Mechanizm sprzyjał także budowaniu sieci współpracy i wzmacnianiu społeczności lokalnych. Mentoring, mimo pewnych sukcesów, napotkał trudności, zwłaszcza w kontekście niejasności co do zakresu wsparcia oferowanego przez mentorów. Istotnym odkryciem było znaczenie lokalnej kultury pomysłowości, chociaż kluczowej dla miejscowych motywacji i modeli, to jednak w dużej mierze pomijanej w działaniach sprzyjających oddolnej kreatywności. Ustalenia zawarte w tekście są istotne, ponieważ pokazują, że kultura miejskiej pomysłowości może stanowić ważny zasób w rozwiązywaniu problemów lokalnych, a odpowiednio zaprojektowane mechanizmy ją wspierające są w stanie znacząco zwiększyć potencjał oddolnych inicjatyw. Ponadto prezentowane badania rzucają światło na potrzebę dalszego rozwoju i adaptacji takich mechanizmów, podkreślając ich rolę w budowaniu odpornych i zaangażowanych społeczności miejskich.
Impact of SWCNT-conjugated senna leaf extract on breast cancer cells: A potential apoptotic therapeutic strategy
Authors: Behairy Sabreen Mohammed , Al-Maaqar Saleh Mohammed , Al-Shaeri Majed Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Breast cancer (BC) has a prevalence rate of 21.8% among Saudi women and ranks as the third leading cause of death in Western nations. Nanotechnology offers innovative methods for targeted BC therapy, and this study explores the use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for delivering the senna leaf extract. The study evaluated the effects of increasing dosages of senna leaf extract conjugated to SWCNTs on MCF-7 cells. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, while Giemsa staining revealed morphological changes. Additionally, the comet assay and agarose gel electrophoresis were employed to evaluate the pro-apoptotic potential. The potential of mitochondrial membrane and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were investigated using the JC-1 dye. The results indicated that treated cells exhibited apoptotic characteristics, including elevated ROS levels and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. In summary, the application of nanotechnology to deliver the senna leaf extract shows promise as a herbal treatment for BC, suggesting a potential breakthrough in combating this widespread and deadly disease.
“A Simple-minded Boy and His Touched Wife”: Images of Madness in Pu Songling’s “Xiao-cui”
Authors: Ge Longlong
Published: January 2025

“Xiao-cui” (小翠), a short story in Pu Songling’s Liaozhai Zhiyi (聊齋誌異), which tells the story of a fox spirit Xiao-cui, who marries Wang Yuan-feng, the foolish son of her mother’s benefactor, and solves a series of problems for the Wang family. In the text, Yuan-feng and Xiao-cui are referred to as the simple-minded boy and the crazy girl respectively. In exploring the manifestations, causes, and treatments of Xiao-cui’s and Yuan-feng’s madness, this paper nonetheless argues that their madness is not a psychiatric illness, but rather is constructed by culture and society,” for Yuan-feng’s insanity is manifested in his ignorance of sex and gender, and Xiao-cui’s madness is manifested in her extraordinary words and deeds that do not conform to Confucian rituals. Applying close reading and transcultural research method and drawing on Michel Foucault’s knowledge of madness as well as Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar’s idea of the “madwoman,” this paper emphasizes that madness is the response to the oppressive structures of Chinese feudal society’s patriarchal and monarchical systems. And the treatment for such madness is not confinement but rather an escape from oppressive environments.
Analysis of software-defined radio for optical networking
Authors: Kumar Arun , Sarveswara Rao T.D.N.S.S , K. T. Chandrashekhara , Chakravarty Sumit , Gaur Nishant , Nanthaamornphong Aziz
Published: January 2025

Software defined networking (SDN) is a communications methodology that centralizes network management and programmability resulting in more flexible network administration. This project aims to configure and simulate a software-defined network to implement customized, dynamically-assigned flow control rules between network nodes – replacing static routes. We consider virtual network embedding (VNE) in development of network routing algorithms. Through this project, we seek to demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of SDN-based network control for diverse systems, enhancing adaptability and efficiency in managing communication between diverse network nodes. The proposed work is crucial for advancing adaptive, efficient, and scalable communication systems, enabling dynamic resource management, enhanced interoperability, and supporting next-generation technologies like six generation (6G) and IoT seamlessly.
Auto-collimation diffraction of two-dimensional metal–dielectric grating with azimuth angle of 45°
Authors: Wang Yi-Han , Wang Jin , Chen Yu-Da , Huang Zhi-Sen , Jia Wei , Zhou Chang-He
Published: January 2025

Grating under auto-collimation configuration with polarization-independent high diffraction efficiency plays an important role in the displacement measurement system, spectral beam combining system and so on. In this paper, we proposed, for the first time, a reflective two-dimensional metal-dielectric grating of which the (−1, −1) order beam is diffracted back along the input light direction, when the incident azimuth angle is 45°. With optimized structure, the (−1, −1) order diffraction efficiencies of transverse electric polarization (TE) and transverse magnetic polarization (TM) are 95.01 % and 95.04 % at incident wavelength of 632 nm, respectively. The structure based on the frustum of a cone performs well in manufacturing tolerance, which provides possibility for practical applications. A grating is fabricated experimentally in this research. The high efficiencies of TE and TM polarization have great application potential in 2D displacement measurement technique and high power laser systems.
Temperature-dependent elastic, mechanical, thermal, and acoustic behavior in alkaline earth semiconductors
Authors: Chauhan Jyotsana , Singh Devraj , Khenata Rabah , Meradji Hocine , Bin-Omran Saad , Maddheshiya Ajit Kumar
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the temperature-dependent elastic, mechanical, thermal, and acoustic features of alkaline earth semiconductors calcium monochalcogenides CaX (X = S, Se, Te). First of all, the second- and third-order elastic constants have been calculated in the temperature range 0–500 K using the Born-potential model. The evaluated SOECs values were utilized to compute the mechanical constants at 0 K and 300 K. Selected materials in the present investigation have been found mechanically stable and brittle, in nature. The elastic anisotropy of the mechanical moduli has been presented using the 3D surface. SOECs have also been employed to perceive the acoustical wave velocities for longitudinal and shear modes of propagation and Debye mean velocities along <100>, <110>, and <111> directions. SOECs and TOECs were used to calculate the acoustic Grüneisen parameters. Further, the Debye characteristic temperature, thermal conductivity, specific heat, and energy density were computed for CaX. Finally, the direction-dependent ultrasonic attenuation due to phonon–phonon interaction and thermelastic relaxation process has been computed for CaX at room temperature. The results obtained have been validated with existing results that are accessible for the chosen materials.
Estrogen-Regulated Lateral Septal Kisspeptin Neurons Abundantly Project to GnRH Neurons and the Hypothalamic Supramammillary Nucleus
Authors: Szentkirályi-Tóth Soma , Göcz Balázs , Takács Szabolcs , Sárvári Miklós , Farkas Imre , Skrapits Katalin , Rumpler Éva , Póliska Szilárd , Rácz Gergely , Matolcsy András , Ternier Gaëtan , Fernandois Daniela , Giacobini Paolo , Prévot Vincent , Colledge William H. , Wittmann Gábor , Kádár Andrea , Mohácsik Petra , Gereben Balázs , Fekete Csaba , Hrabovszky Erik
Published: January 2025

While hypothalamic kisspeptin (KP) neurons play well-established roles in the estrogen-dependent regulation of reproduction, little is known about extrahypothalamic KP-producing (KPLS) neurons of the lateral septum. As established previously,Kiss1expression in this region is low and regulated by estrogen receptor- and GABABreceptor-dependent mechanisms. Our present experiments onKiss1-Cre/ZsGreenknock-in mice revealed that transgene expression in the LS begins at Postnatal Day (P)33–36 in females and P40–45 in males and is stimulated by estrogen receptor signaling. Fluorescent cell numbers continue to increase in adulthood and are higher in females. Viral tracing uncovered that the bulk of KPLSfibers joins the medial forebrain bundle and terminates in the hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus. Smaller subsets innervate the medial amygdala or project to other limbic structures. One-quarter of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-immunoreactive perikarya in the preoptic area and their dendrites receive appositions from KPLSaxons. OVX adultKiss1-Cre/ZsGreenmice treated for 4 d with 17β-estradiol or vehicle were used for RNA sequencing studies of laser-microdissected KPLSneurons. The transcriptome included markers of GABAergic and neuropeptidergic (Penk,Cartpt,Vgf) cotransmission and 571 estrogen-regulated transcripts. Estrogen treatment upregulated the acetylcholine receptor transcriptChrm2and, in slice electrophysiology experiments, caused enhanced muscarinic inhibition of KPLSneurons. Finally, we provided immunohistochemical evidence for homologous neurons in the postmortem human brain, suggesting that KPLSneurons may contribute to evolutionarily conserved regulatory mechanisms. Future studies will need to investigate the putative roles of KPLSneurons in the estrogen-dependent control of GnRH neurons and/or various hypothalamic/limbic functions.
Enhanced Somatosensory Inhibition Sharpens Hand Representation and Sensorimotor Skills in Pianists
Authors: Hirano Masato , Kimoto Yudai , Shiotani Sachiko , Furuya Shinichi
Published: January 2025

Dexterous motor skills, like those needed for playing musical instruments and sports, require the somatosensory system to accurately and rapidly process somatosensory information from multiple body parts. This is challenging due to the convergence of afferent inputs from different body parts into a single neuron and the overlapping representation of neighboring body parts in the somatosensory cortices. How do trained individuals, such as pianists and athletes, manage this? Here, a series of five experiments with pianists and nonmusicians (female and male) shows that pianists have enhanced inhibitory function in the somatosensory system, which isolates the processing of somatosensory afferent inputs from each finger. This inhibitory function was assessed using a paired-pulse paradigm of somatosensory evoked potentials in electroencephalography, which measures the suppressive effect of a first stimulus [i.e., conditioning stimulus (CS)] on the response to a subsequent second stimulus. We found that pianists and nonmusicians showed an inhibitory response to the sequential stimuli to the peripheral somatosensory nerve at the wrist when the CS was intense. However, only pianists exhibited an inhibitory response to a weak CS, indicating enhanced inhibitory function in pianists. Additionally, the CS increased the information content segregating individual fingers represented in the cortical activity evoked by passive finger movements and improved the perception of fast multifinger sequential movements, specifically for pianists. Our findings provide the first evidence for experience-dependent plasticity in somatosensory inhibitory function and highlight its role in the expert motor performance of pianists.
Legal Reconstruction of the Establishment of Places of Worship in Indonesia: A Legal-Political Analysis within the Framework of Land Use and Spatial Planning Law
Authors: Suhadi Suhadi , Muhtada Dani , Amal Andi Gazly Satrya
Published: January 2025

The establishment of places of worship in Indonesia is a critical issue that intersects with legal and political concerns, yet the regulatory framework governing such establishments remains insufficiently codified. Currently, the guidelines for the establishment of places of worship are outlined in the Joint Regulation of the Minister of Religious Affairs and Minister of Home Affairs Number 9 and Number 8 of 2006 (PBM 2006). However, these regulations are not formal laws and fail to provide adequate legal guarantees and protection for all citizens to practice their religion freely. This study uses a normative juridical approach, employing legal, historical, and conceptual methods to argue that the regulations surrounding the construction of places of worship require a comprehensive legal reconstruction. The research analyzes the issue from a legal-political and land law perspective. From a political-legal viewpoint, it is clear that the PBM 2006 does not align with Indonesia's legal ideals. The regulation contains discriminatory provisions that contradict the principles of a unified state, social justice, democracy, and religious freedom. Places of worship are not only a necessity but also a fundamental expression of belief, guaranteed by the Indonesian Constitution. Therefore, regulations governing the construction of places of worship should be enacted as laws, rather than as ministerial regulations. The study concludes that a formal legal framework for the establishment of places of worship, in the form of a law, is urgently needed. Such a law would ensure equal protection for all citizens and foster social justice, thereby protecting the rights of Indonesia’s diverse population to worship in accordance with their beliefs.
Short-term effects of follicle-stimulating hormone on immune function, lipid, and vitamin metabolism in transiently castrated men
Authors: Guedes Jéssica , Pla Indira , Sanchez Aniel , Marko-Varga Gyorgy , Domont Gilberto Barbosa , Sahlin K Barbara , Hazir Berk , Giwercman Aleksander , Sousa Nogueira Fábio César , Malm Johan , Lundberg Giwercman Yvonne
Published: January 2025

Background

Prostate cancer therapy with surgical or chemical castration with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists has been linked to elevated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, which may contribute to secondary health disorders, including atherosclerosis and diabetes. Although recent findings suggest a role for FSH beyond the reproductive system, its metabolic impact remains unclear and difficult to disentangle from that of androgens. In this study, we examined the metabolic changes induced by FSH and distinguished them from those caused by testosterone.

Methods

Plasma samples from temporarily medically castrated young men (n = 33) treated with FSH and/or testosterone were characterized by proteomics and metabolomics approaches. All subjects received GnRH antagonists. Sixteen men were randomized to recombinant FSH (300 IU 3 times/week) for 5 weeks, while seventeen men served as controls. After 3 weeks, all men received 1000 mg intramuscular testosterone undecanoate. Blood samples were collected at the start, after 3 weeks and after 5 weeks. The proteome and metabolome signatures were characterized in all samples.

Results

FSH significantly upregulates key proteins involved in the modulation of inflammatory response and innate immune system (P ≤ 0.03) and dysregulates lipid metabolism, evidenced by downregulation of multiple apolipoproteins (P ≤ 0.04) and increased levels of cholesterol and glycerophospholipids (P ≤ 0.03). In addition, low FSH levels were correlated with a reduction in the active form of vitamin D (P < 0.02). These results highlight the short-term metabolic impacts of FSH in males.

Conclusions and Clinical Implications

Our findings underlined the FSH effect on extragonadal systems and its connection to metabolic disorders often seen as secondary effects of prostate cancer treatment.
Modelo de gestión y sostenibilidad de revistas científicas en vía diamante (acceso abierto no comercial) de la Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Authors: Mora-Campos Andrea , Penabad-Camacho Liana , Penabad-Camacho María Amalia , Vega-Solano María Fernanda , Castro-Solano María Milagro , Nova-Bustos Nidya , Ulate-Segura Mónica , Méndez-Solano Andrea , Morales-López Yuri , Cerdas-Vega Gerardo
Published: January 2025

Aim. Describe the construction stages of a structure that organizes the good practices derived from the design of a management and sustainability model for diamond scientific journals (non-commercial open access) at the National University, Costa Rica. Introduction. An assessment of the Latin American, Costa Rican, and institutional context is carried out in terms of policies on open knowledge of the last 20 years. The institutional route and the chronological record that shows the evolution of the editorial management of the journals since the creation of the first one, approximately 50 years ago, are described. Management model. The development of the scientific journal management model is detailed; it considers the conceptualization, the guiding principles, the work team, the support and advisory bodies, financial sustainability, and the monitoring and evaluation of journals. Results. The model’s innovation, adaptability, and alignment with international standards stand out; in addition to collaborative work, strategic planning, and institutional protection, which, mainly, leads to the creation of tangible products such as a regulation and a procedure manual, among others. Conclusions. The ability to adapt in the editorial management of scientific journals is crucial for scientific and social progress. This model promotes sustainability and editorial quality with emphasis on the diamond path, Open Science, and student inclusion, and its international impact is recognized in promoting science as a public good and in the resistance to models based on Article Processing Charges (APC). Recommendations. Are focused on the different sectors that manage scientific communication, highlighting the importance of promoting non-commercial open access, generating spaces to discuss the financial sustainability of open knowledge editorial management, and creating spaces for international cooperation. Finally, recognizing scientific communication as a public good must be accompanied by concrete actions that ensure adequate and stable resources that allow maintaining quality editorial management and promote ethical and transparent practices.
Determination of arsenic amount in some trees that can be used as biomonitors
Authors: Çobanoğlu Hatice , Kulaç Şemsettin
Published: January 2025

Toxic metals/metalloids such as arsenic are environmental pollutants that are damaging to living organisms. Commonly found metals pose a serious threat to human health unless they are controlled. In this study, the accumulation of As metalloid, which has entered the food chain for specific reasons, in plant organs was determined, and it was examined whether plants are hyperaccumulators against As concentration. As a result, Pinus pinaster Aiton., Cupressus arizonica Greene., Picea orientalis (L.) Peterm., Cedrus atlantica (Endl.), and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) species accumulated more than 1 mg/kg As concentration. The highest average As concentration (7.91 mg/kg) was found in the northern bark of P. menziesii. The highest As concentrations in wood were found in the eastern direction for P. pinaster (5.21 mg/kg), C. arizonica (4.99 mg/kg), and P. orientalis (4.02 mg/kg), and in the western direction for C. atlantica (3.56 mg/kg) and P. menziesii (3.88 mg/kg). Additionally, it was determined that As concentration varied depending on location, direction, species, and year.