bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: ELEKTRONENSTRUKTUREN AROMATISCHER AMIN‐N‐OXIDE
Authors: YAMAKAWA MASUMI , KUBOTA TANEKAZU , AKAZAWA HIDEKO
Published: February 2016

Dieelektronische Struktur des Nitrons (I), des Nitril‐N‐oxids (II) und der heterocyclischen Amin‐N‐oxide (III) wird systematisch mit Hilfe der Pariser‐ Parr‐Pople‐Methode untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: MOLEKUEL‐REORIENTIERUNG UND KERNSPIN‐UMKLAPPEN IN DEN FESTEN DEUTEROMETHANEN BEI NIEDRIGEN TEMPERATUREN
Authors: COLWELL JACK H.
Published: February 2016

Es werden spezifische Wärmen der festen Deuteromethane im Bereich von 0,3‐4,0°K gemessen.
ChemInform Abstract: SPEKTROPHOTOMETRISCHE UNTERSUCHUNG DER RK. VON NICKEL MIT 4‐(THIAZOLYL‐(2)‐AZO)‐RESORCIN (TAR)
Authors: MUSHRAN S. P. , SOMMER L.
Published: February 2016

Eingehende spektrophotometrische Untersuchungen bestätigen die aufeinanderfolgende Bildung des protonierten und "normalen" 1:1‐Chelats (I) und (II) zwischen Nickel und dem Reagenz TAR in Lösungen bei pH 4.0 bzw. 4‐6. Mit einem begrenzten Überschuß an Reagenz in Lösung (30%‐ iger Alkohol) entsteht bei pH 4,5 der 1:2‐Komplex [Ni(HL)2].
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIOMETRISCHE UNTERSUCHUNG VON ALUMINIUM‐KOMPLEXEN MIT O‐DIPHENOLEN, CHROMOTROPSAEURE UND O‐PHENOLCARBONSAEUREN
Authors: HAVELKOVA L. , BARTUSEK M.
Published: February 2016

Die stufenweise Bildung von einkernigen Al‐Chelaten mit den im Überschuß vorhandenen Verbindungen (I)‐(V) im Verhältnis Metall zu Reagenz von 1:1, 1:2 und 1:3 in wäßriger Lösung wird potentiometrisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: BESTIMMUNGEN DER BASIZITAETEN VON ORTHOESTERN MIT HILFE DER O‐D‐BANDENVERSCHIEBUNGSMETHODE
Authors: KANKAANPERAE ALPO , LAHTI MARKKU
Published: February 2016

Es werden die Basizitäten der Ester (Ia‐d) und (II) bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: EINELEKTRONEN‐RED. VON CHINOXALIN‐DERIVATEN UND EPR‐SPEKTREN IHRER RADIKALANIONEN
Authors: GORDIENKO L. L. , ROZUM JU. S. , CUCHLANCEVA A. G. , RUDENKO V. N.
Published: February 2016

Durch polarographische Reduktion bei Halbstufenpotentialen von ‐0,9 bis ‐1,42 V werden die Radikalanionen der Chinoxaline (I)‐(IV) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. DES METHYLRADIKALS AN OBERFLAECHEN VON OXIDEN
Authors: KONSTANTATOS J. , QUINN C. P.
Published: February 2016

Für die Wandreaktion der durch Photolyse von Aceton gebildeten Methylradikale mit adsorbiertem Aceton zu Methan und sehr reaktionsfähigen Acetonylradikalen an Oberflächen von Metalloxiden bei 127°C werden die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: GESCHWINDIGKEITSKONSTANTEN DER RK. VON O2(1)DELTA(G) MIT 2,3‐DIMETHYL‐BUTEN‐(2) UND 2,5‐DIMETHYL‐FURAN
Authors: HERRON JOHN T. , HUIE ROBERT E.
Published: February 2016

Es wird die Kinetik der Reaktionen der Titelverbindungen (I) und (II) mit O21Δg in der Gasphase (300°K), die als Reaktionen 2. Ordnung verlaufen, untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PEROXIDUMLAGERUNG, CIS‐4,5‐EPOXY‐2‐PENTENAL AUS 1,4‐EPIDIOXY‐2‐CYCLOPENTEN
Authors: SCHULTE‐ELTE K. H. , WILLHALM B. , OHLOFF G.
Published: February 2016

Durch farbstoffsensibilisierte Photooxygenierung oberhalb 0°C in alkoholischer Lösung und in Gegenwart von Polymerisationsinhibitoren erhält man aus Cyclopentadien (I) das Pentenal (II) (Ausbeute 58%) neben dem Cyclopentan (III) (7%) und polymeren Verbindungen.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMISCHE ZERSETZUNG VON OXALATEN 10. MITT. STICKSTOFF‐ADSORPTIONSDATEN AN FESTEN RUECKSTAENDEN VON ISOTHERM WAERMEBEHANDELTEM MANGANOXALATDIHYDRAT
Authors: DOLLIMORE D. , DOLLIMORE J. , LITTLE J.
Published: February 2016

Die isotherme Zersetzung von Mn(II)‐oxalatdihydrat wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISMUS VON PHOTOSUBSTITUTIONSRK. QUADRATISCH‐PLANARER PLATIN(II)‐KOMPLEXE 1. MITT. DAS BROMO‐DIAETHYLENTRIAMIN‐PLATIN(II)‐NITRITION‐SYST.
Authors: BARTOCCI C. , SCANDOLA F. , BALZANI V.
Published: February 2016

Das Verhalten des Pt‐Komplex‐Ions (I) bei Bestrahlung (313 nm) in wäßriger Nitrit‐ und Bromid‐Ionen enthaltender Lösung wird spektrophotometrisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOPROPENONCHEMIE 4. MITT. RINGOEFFNUNGSRK. VON 2‐AETHYL‐3‐PHENYL‐CYCLOPROPENON
Authors: DEHMLOW ECKEHARD V.
Published: February 2016

Durch Reaktion der Titelverbindung (I) mit Aziridin in Gegenwart von Wasser entsteht durch Ringöffnung überraschenderweise das N‐freie Keton (III) (24% Ausbeute), während das erwartete Aziridinid (IIa) sich in Spuren gerade noch nachweisen läßt. Dagegen entsteht mit Diäthylamin als Hauptprodukt das Amid (IIb) (75%) und als Nebenprodukt (IIa) (13%).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISCHE RK. VON STEROIDESTERN IN HMPT
Authors: LE GOFF MARIE‐THERESE , BEUGELMANS RENE , LE GOFF MARIE‐THERESE , COMPAIGNON DE MARCHEVILLE HUBERT
Published: February 2016

Bei der Bestrahlung der Cholestanderivate (I) in Hexamethylphosphotriamid wird ausschließlich das Cholestan (II) erhalten und kein Cholesten (III), dessen Bildung ebenfalls erwartet wurde.
ChemInform Abstract: RADIOLYSE VON FLUESSIGEM METHANOL IN GEGENWART VON OCTEN‐(1), MECHANISMUS DER BILDUNG VON GLYKOL UND FORMALDEHYD
Authors: HABERSBERGEROVA A. , KOURIM P. , TEPLY J.
Published: February 2016

In Gegenwart von dem mit freien Radikalen reagierenden Octen‐(1) wird die Bildung von Glykol unterdrückt.
ChemInform Abstract: RED. VON ASCARIDOL MIT TRIPHENYLPHOSPHIN
Authors: PIERSON G. O. , RUNQUIST O. A.
Published: February 2016

Ascaridol (II) liefert bei der Reduktion mit Triphenylphosphin das Epoxid (III), das isomere Epoxid (I) entsteht nicht.
ChemInform Abstract: KONJUGATIVE ADDITIONSRK. MIT LITHIUMDIALLYLCUPRAT
Authors: HOUSE H. O. , FISCHER W. F.
Published: February 2016

Während Cyclohexanon (Ia) glatt mit Lithiumdiallylcuprat (II) das Addukt (IIIa) gibt, entsteht aus dem Trimethylcyclohexenon (Ib) ausschließlich unter 1,2‐Addition das Carbinol (IVb).
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMIE ORGANISCHER FLUORVERBINDUNGEN 6. MITT. ADDITION VON FORMALDEHYDDIMETHYLACETAL AN TRIFLUORCHLORAETHYLEN
Authors: DEDEK V. , FIKAR J.
Published: February 2016

Die γ‐ oder UV‐Bestrahlung des Acetals (I) liefert die Radikale (Ia) und (Ib), die bei Photoaddition des Äthylens (II) zu einem Gemisch reagieren, aus dem man das 1:1‐Adduktgemisch (III) und (V), das Telomerengemisch (IV) und (VI) sowie die Säure (VII) und den Alkohol (VIII) isolieren kann.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMIE NUCLEOPHILER CARBENE 17. MITT. ANOMALE ALPHA‐ELIMINIERUNG, ALDEHYDE AUS 1,3‐DIPHENYL‐2‐ALKOXY‐IMIDAZOLIDINEN UND GRIGNARD‐VERBINDUNGEN
Authors: LACHMANN BURKHARD , WANZLIK HANS‐WERNER
Published: February 2016

Im Gegensatz zur normalen Carben‐Bildung, bei der aus Verbindungen vom Typ H‐CX3 primär H und anschließend X zum Carben CX2 abgespalten wird, sind Verbindungen vom Typ (III) zur "anomalen" Carben‐Bildung durch primäre Ablösung der Alkoxy‐Gruppe zu den Salzen (IV) mit Z‐H‐ Protonenbeweglichkeit befähigt.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMIE ORGANISCHER FLUORVERBINDUNGEN 5. MITT. ADDITION VON DIAETHYLAETHER UND TETRAHYDROFURAN AN TRIFLUORCHLORAETHYLEN
Authors: DEDEK V. , FIKAR J.
Published: February 2016

γ‐ oder.UV‐Bestrahlung von Diäthyläther bzw. Tetrahydrofuran liefert die Radikale (I) bzw. (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: HEXAN‐ISOMERISIERUNG AN ZEOLITH‐KATALYSATOREN
Authors: BEECHER R. , VOORHIES A. JUN.
Published: February 2016

Die Isomerisierung von Hexanen an einem edelmetallfreien synthetischen Mordenit wurde kinetisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: UMSETZUNG DER L‐ALANIN‐KUPFER‐KOMPLEXVERBINDUNG MIT ACETALDEHYD UND MECHANISMUS DER AKABORI‐REAKTION
Authors: VELIKOV V. M. , VITT S. V. , KUZNECOVA N. I. , BEZRUKOV M. G. , SAPOROVSKAJA M. V.
Published: February 2016

Die.Kupfer‐Komplexverbindung des L‐Alanins (I), hergestellt aus L‐Alanin und basischem Kupfercarbonat, bildet mit Acetaldehyd (II) in verdünnter Kalilauge bei 0°C α‐Methyl‐threonin (III) (Ausbeute 55%).
ChemInform Abstract: HERST. UND RK. VON N‐MONOALKYLAMIDOSULFONYLCHLORIDEN
Authors: WEISS GUENTHER , SCHULZE GERHARD
Published: February 2016

Die Herstellung der Chloride (II) erfolgt durch zwei in Ausgangsprodukten und Reaktionsbedingungen unterschiedliche Verfahren: 1. in der Schmelze aus den Diamiden (I) und überhitztem Sulfurylchlorid‐Dampf (Ausbeuten von 25‐75%) und 2. aus den Ammoniumchloriden (III) und Sulfurylchlorid unter erhöhtem Druck und höherer Temperatur (>90%), wobei das 2. Verfahren eine allgemeinere Anwendbarkeit aufweist.
ChemInform Abstract: UMSETZUNG VON PHENOXY‐ACETYLEN MIT THIOLEN
Authors: BORISOVA A. I. , FILIPPOVA A. CH. , VORONOV V. K. , SOSTAKOVSKIJ M. F.
Published: February 2016

Beim Erhitzen von Phenoxy‐acetylen (I) mit einem Alkyl‐mercaptan (II) in Äther zum Sieden erfolgt Anlagerung zum 1‐Alkylthio‐2‐phenoxy‐acetylen (III); die Ausbeuten liegen bei nur 28‐56%.
ChemInform Abstract: SCHWEFEL‐DERIVATE VON BETA‐PHENAETHYLAMIN, DITHIOCARBAMATE UND THIOHARNSTOFFE
Authors: FOYE W. O. , ANDERSON J. C.
Published: February 2016

Die β‐Phenäthylamine (Ia)‐(Ic) und (IV) reagieren mit Schwefelkohlenstoff (II) in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin und Äthanol zu den Triäthylammoniumdithiocarbamaten (IIIa)‐(IIIc) und (V) in 50‐93%iger Ausbeute.
ChemInform Abstract: METALL‐AMMONIAK‐REDUKTIONSRK. 6. MITT. STEREOSPEZIFISCHE ALKYLIERUNG DES 9‐ALKYL‐9,10‐DIHYDRO‐1‐ANTHRYL‐CARBANIONS
Authors: HARVEY R. G. , DAVIS C. C.
Published: February 2016

Alkyllithium‐Verbindungen (II) reagieren mit Anthracen (I) zu den Carbanionen (III), die mit weiterer Alkyllithium‐Verbindung (IV) zu den 9,10‐disubstituierten Derivaten (V) reagieren.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐(BETA‐BENZOYLVINYL)‐ANTIPYRIN‐DERIVATE MIT ANTIPHLOGISTISCHER UND ANALGETISCHER WIRKUNG
Authors: MASSARANI E. , NARDI D. , MAGISTRETTI M. J.
Published: February 2016

Die Pyrazolone (I) reagieren mit den Ketonen (II) im sauren Medium bei 20‐25°C in 19 ‐ 52%iger Ausbeute zu den Aroylvinylpyrazolonen (IIIa) und (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: CYANACETALDEHYD‐DERIVATE UND FOLGEPRODUKTE
Authors: STURM HANS‐JUERGEN , ARMBRUST HERBERT
Published: February 2016

Die Umsetzung der Acroleine (I) mit Hydroxylamin führt nicht wie erwartet zu den Acrylnitrilen (II) sondern zum Malondialdehyddioxim (III), das aufgrund des NMR‐Spektrums aus einem Tautomeriegleichgewicht der syn‐ und anti‐Form a bzw. b unter vermutlicher Beteiligung der Ringstruktur c besteht.
ChemInform Abstract: KOMPLEXVERBINDUNGEN VON 1,5‐DISUBSTITUIERTEN TETRAZOLEN
Authors: POPOV A. I.
Published: February 2016

Tetrazol liegt im Gleichgewicht zu 97% in der Form (I) vor.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON AMINOISOCHINOLINEN UND VERWANDTEN VERBINDUNGEN 2. MITT. SYNTH. VON 6‐AMINO‐1‐BENZYLISOCHINOLINEN DURCH DIE BISCHLER‐NAPIERALSKI‐RK.
Authors: ISHIWATA S. , ITAKURA K.
Published: February 2016

Umsetzung der Aminoacetate (Ia),(Ib) mit Chlorameisensäureester und anschließende Hydrolyse ergibt die Aldehyde (IIa),(IIb), die mit Nitromethan kondensiert und elektrochemisch ‐zu den β‐Phenyläthylaminderivaten (IVa), (IVb) reduziert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. VON PURINEN DURCH RK. VON GASFOERMIGEM CO2 ODER CS2 MIT TRIMETHYLSILYLDERIVATEN DES 5‐AMINO‐4‐CARBAMOYL‐IMIDAZOLS UND SEINES 1‐N‐RIBOSIDS, DARST. VON (2‐(14)C)XANTHIN, ‐XANTHOSIN, ‐THIOXANTHOSIN UND ‐GUANOSIN
Authors: PICHAT LOUIS , MASSE BERNHARD , DUFAY PHILIPPE
Published: February 2016

Die Reaktion der Imidazole (Ia) bzw. (Ib) mit dem Chlorsilan (II) bzw. seinem Gemisch mit Hexamethyldisilazan führt hauptsächlich zu den trimethylsilylierten Verbindungen (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: OXONIN, THERMISCHE UND PHOTOCHEMISCHE BINDUNGSRELOKALISIERUNG
Authors: ANASTASSIOU A. G. , CELLURA R. P.
Published: February 2016

Oxonin (I) lagert sich nicht, wie früher berichtet wurde, zum trans‐8,9‐Dihydrobenzofuran, sondern nach sorgfältiger Überprüfung der Ergebnisse zum cis‐8,9‐Dihydrobenzofuran (II) um.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON PHOSPHINIMINO‐VERBINDUNGEN
Authors: GOTSMANN GUENTHER , SCHWARZMANN MATTHIAS
Published: February 2016

Durch Reaktion von Melamin (I) mit 1‐3 Mol des Phosphins (II) erhält man in Gegenwart von Halogenen und Abwesenheit von Halogenwasserstoff bindenden Verbindungen in einer Stufe mit großer Reinheit die Halogenide (III) (Ausbeuten von 43‐94%) und nach Abspaltung von Halogenwasserstoff die Imine (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: ANOMALE ANLAGERUNG VON KOMPLEXEN ALUMINIUMHYDRIDEN UND IHREN ALKYL‐DERIVATEN AN PHENYL‐ACETYLEN
Authors: ZACHARKIN K. I. , PALEJ B. A. , GAVRILENKO V. V.
Published: February 2016

Bei der Einwirkung von Phenyl‐acetylen (I) auf Tri‐isobutyl‐lithium‐ oder natrium‐aluminiumhydrid (II) in Dimethoxy‐äthan als Lösungsmittel entsteht bei 40‐50°C während 3‐5 Stdn. das α‐Aluminium‐Derivat des Styrols (III), neben wenig β‐Derivat (IV), sowie unter Wasserstoff‐Abspaltung das Aluminium‐Derivat des Phenyl‐acetylens (V).
ChemInform Abstract: ACYLATE AROMATISCHER ORGANISCHER INDIUM‐VERBINDUNGEN
Authors: VIKTOROVA I. M. , SEVERDINA N. I. , RODIONOV A. N. , KOCESKOV K. A.
Published: February 2016

Acylate von aromatischen Indium‐Verbindungen können entweder durch Einwirkung von organischen Säuren (Essigsäure, Propionsäure) (II) auf Triphenyl‐indium‐dioxanat (I) in Chloroform bei Zimmertemperatur erhalten werden, wobei in Abhängigkeit vom Verhältnis der Reaktionspartner unter Abspaltung von Benzol (IV) und Dioxan (V) Diphenyl‐indium‐acylat (III) (Ausbeute (IIIa): 85%, (IIIb): 70%) oder Monophenyl‐indium‐diacylat (VI) (Ausbeute (VIa): 63%, (VIb): 81%) entstehen, oder durch Disproportionierung bei der Einwirkung von Indium‐triacylat (VII) auf (I) in siedendem Benzol.
ChemInform Abstract: AEQUATORIALE ANNAEHERUNG VON DIAZOMETHAN AN DIE CARBONYLGRUPPE VON 5ALPHA‐3‐OXOSTEROIDEN
Authors: JONES J. B. , PRICE P.
Published: February 2016

Das 3‐Oxosteroid (I) bildet beim Behandeln mit Kaliumcyanid in Eisessig und dann mit Acetanhydrid/Pyridin die beiden epimeren Cyanhydrindiacetate (II) (90%) und (III) (10%).
ChemInform Abstract: ANALOGA VON COFERMENTEN FUER DEN KOHLENHYDRATSTOFFWECHSEL 13. MITT. HERSTELLUNG DER URIDIN‐DIPHOSPHAT‐3‐DESOXY‐GLUCOSE
Authors: SIBAEV V. N. , KUSOV JU. JU. , KOMLEV I. V. , BUDOVSKIJ E. I. , KOCETKOV N. K.
Published: February 2016

In der unten angeführen Reaktionsfolge zur Herstellung der Uridin‐diphosphat‐3‐desoxy‐ribohexose (VI) besteht die größte Schwierigkeit in der Gewinnung des Ausgangsproduktes, der 3‐Desoxy‐D‐glucose (I) und der Isolierung des α‐anomeren 3‐Desoxy‐D‐ribohexosylphosphats (V).
What does employee ownership effectiveness look like? The case of a Canadian‐based firm
Authors: Harrison Jennifer A. , Singh Parbudyal , Frawley Shayna
Published: February 2016

Drawing on agency theory, we explore how 30 employees defined ownership effectiveness in a 100 % employee‐owned Canadian‐based firm. Using a qualitative case‐study, remarkable similarities were found in the factors employees themselves believed contributed most to ownership effectiveness. Despite differences in job roles, employees emphasized confidence in the ownership program, participative decision‐making, ownership identity, and their organization as a family unit. In light of these findings, we discuss how a broader conceptualization of employee ownership effectiveness can be applied for a more comprehensive understanding of how such programs may develop and manifest. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase IA Clinical Trial Evaluating the Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Analgesic Efficacy of an Intrathecally Administered Neurotensin A Analogue in Central Neuropathic Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Sang Christine N. , Barnabe Kate J. , Kern Steven E.
Published: February 2016

We evaluated CGX‐1160 in a Phase Ia clinical trial to determine the safety of escalating doses in patients with central neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury (SCI). Our secondary objective was to detect a trend toward analgesic efficacy. Four subjects received 3 consecutive escalating doses of CGX‐1160 starting at 25 μg/h over 6 hours until 2 consecutive subjects experienced any adverse effect; 2 of the 4 subjects received 2 sequences of 3 consecutive dose escalations. Maximum tolerated dose was defined by the development of diarrhea (900 μg/h over 6 hours). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood were collected for pharmacokinetic (PK) evaluation. The CSF concentration‐versus‐time data fit to a biexponential PK model, showing a rapid redistribution phase followed by a significantly slower terminal elimination phase. Incorporating an effect site delay into the model improved the fit to the data (concentration producing 50% of the maximum effect [C50], 58.7 ug/mL at the site of drug effect). Maximal reduction from the baseline pain intensity was 63%. In summary, CGX‐1160 was generally well tolerated when administered intrathecally at doses up to 1000 μg/h. Peak analgesic effect occurred after the peak intrathecal concentration, indicating the presence of an effect site compartment to the PK model to represent the concentration and effect profiles for this unique compound.
H∞ deconvolution filter design for uncertain descriptor hybrid delay systems with limited communication capacity and unknown transition rates
Authors: Zhuang Guangming , Xia Jianwei , Zhao Junsheng , Sun Wei
Published: February 2016

This article investigates the problem of H∞ deconvolution filtering for a kind of uncertain descriptor hybrid system with state time‐varying delays, limited communication capacity, and partially unknown transition rates. The limited communication capacity including signal transmission delays and data packet dropout. Mode‐dependent and delay‐dependent conditions are obtained by constructing a comprehensive stochastic Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, which ensure the filtering error system is not only stochastically admissible but also satisfies a prescribed H∞‐norm level for all admissible uncertainties, signal transmission delays, and data packet dropout. The linear matrix inequalities technique is utilized to acquire the desired deconvolution filter parameters. An electrical RLC circuit example and two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of our methods. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 478–496, 2016
Epigenetic Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases
Authors: Irwin Michael H. , Moos Walter H. , Faller Douglas V. , Steliou Kosta , Pinkert Carl A.
Published: February 2016

Preclinical Research

In this review, we discuss epigenetic‐driven methods for treating neurodegenerative disorders associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, focusing on carnitinoid antioxidant‐histone deacetylase inhibitors that show an ability to reinvigorate synaptic plasticity and protect against neuromotor decline in vivo. Aging remains a major risk factor in patients who progress to dementia, a clinical syndrome typified by decreased mental capacity, including impairments in memory, language skills, and executive function. Energy metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction are viewed as determinants in the aging process that may afford therapeutic targets for a host of disease conditions, the brain being primary in such thinking. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a core feature in the pathophysiology of both Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases and rare mitochondrial diseases. The potential of new therapies in this area extends to glaucoma and other ophthalmic disorders, migraine, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, post‐traumatic stress disorder, systemic exertion intolerance disease, and chemotherapy‐induced cognitive impairment. An emerging and hopefully more promising approach to addressing these hard‐to‐treat diseases leverages their sensitivity to activation of master regulators of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes, antioxidant response elements, and mitophagy. Drug Dev Res 77 : 109‐123, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of source–sink dynamics
Authors: Heinrichs Julie A. , Lawler Joshua J. , Schumaker Nathan H.
Published: February 2016

Many factors affect the presence and exchange of individuals among subpopulations and influence not only the emergence, but the strength of ensuing source–sink dynamics within metapopulations. Yet their relative contributions remain largely unexplored. To help identify the characteristics of empirical systems that are likely to exhibit strong versus weak source–sink dynamics and inform their differential management, we compared the relative roles of influential factors in strengthening source–sink dynamics. In a series of controlled experiments within a spatially explicit individual‐based model framework, we varied patch quality, patch size, the dispersion of high‐ and low‐quality patches, population growth rates, dispersal distances, and environmental stochasticity in a factorial design. We then recorded source–sink dynamics that emerged from the simulated habitat and population factors. Long‐term differences in births and deaths were quantified for sources and sinks in each system and used in a statistical model to rank the influences of key factors. Our results suggest that systems with species capable of rapid growth, occupying habitat patches with more disparate qualities, with interspersed higher‐ and lower‐quality habitats, and that experience relatively stable environments (i.e., fewer negative perturbations) are more likely to exhibit strong source–sink dynamics. Strong source–sink dynamics emerged under diverse combinations of factors, suggesting that simple inferences of process from pattern will likely be inadequate to predict and assess the strength of source–sink dynamics. Our results also suggest that it may be more difficult to detect and accurately measure source–sink dynamics in slow‐growing populations, highly variable environments, and where a subtle gradient of habitat quality exists.
Pretreatment of ultra‐high concentration pharmaceutical wastewater by a combined Fenton And Electrolytic oxidation technologies: COD reduction, biodegradability improvement, and biotoxicity removal
Authors: Liu Xiaoqian , Wang Can , Ji Min , Zhou Yanan
Published: February 2016

The organic wastewater obtained from pharmaceutical manufacturing laboratory with ultra‐high COD value (>15,000 mg/L) was treated by Fenton and Electrolytic oxidation technology separately. Single factor experiments of Fenton process and Box‐bohnken design (BBD) method for Electrolytic oxidation technology were used to find their optimal conditions. BOD5 was measured to evaluate the biodegradability of the sample. Single pretreatment technology could improve the biodegradability of the organic wastewater a little, but not significantly. The combined sequence of the two technologies, Fenton‐EOT process (Fenton first then Electrolytic), EOT‐Fenton process (Electrolytic first then Fenton), F&E Process (Fenton and Electrolytic oxidation occurred simultaneity) was compared. The Fenton‐EOT process had the highest COD removal efficiency. All the combined processes used in this study could improve the biodegradability of the raw wastewater significantly. Luminous bacteria detection was conducted to measure the biotoxicity of the organic wastewater and the effluents. Fenton‐EOT was the optimal pretreatment process due to its advantages in decreasing the biotoxicity and improving degradability of the raw water. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 772–778, 2016
New experimental data for absorption of SO2 into DMA solution
Authors: Rajendra Sidda , Raghunath Chelluboyana Vaishnava , Mondal Monoj Kumar
Published: February 2016

Removal of SO2 and its accurate prediction from the flue gases emitted from various chemical industries in a techno‐econo‐enviro manner is of great importance. The experiments were conducted in a bubble column to study the absorption of SO2 into dimethyl amine (DMA) solution from simulated gas stream as absorption of SO2 in DMA solution yields an ionic liquid. The effects of DMA concentration, initial SO2 concentration, absorbent temperature, and the initial pH value of absorbent on SO2 removal were investigated by using DMA solution. The experimental results showed that the SO2 saturation uptake increased with increase in absorbent concentration. The maximum removal efficiency of approximately 100% was observed at 9.32 mol/dm3 DMA solution, temperature of 303 K and initial DMA solution pH 11. The mass transfer coefficient based on the liquid phase increases with increasing partial pressure of SO2 in inlet gas stream. The lethal air pollutant SO2 is an acidic gas emitted from combustion of fossil fuel. The removal of SO2 from flue gas streams was investigated through absorption by using an organic solvent DMA. Absorption of SO2 into DMA gives di‐methyl ammonium N,N‐dimethyl amidosulfinate an ionic liquid. The absorption of SO2 using DMA has dual benefits in terms of resource generation as ionic liquid production resulting in omission of absorbent regeneration step and SO2 emission control from waste gas stream. The value of kLa increases with increasing partial pressure of SO2 in inlet gas stream. The DMA showed an excellent performance on SO2 absorption. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1298–1304, 2016
Hybrid Functional Calculation of Defects in Pseudo‐binary Indium Oxynitride
Authors: Amnuyswat Kittiphong , Thanomngam Pittiporn
Published: February 2016

Indium oxynitride (InOxNy) is an attractive material that shows multi‐functionality in electronic and optical applications due to its wide range tunable band gap. However there were only few studies available for this interesting material, especially on defect structure. In this work, first‐principles calculation based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) within the Heys, Scuseria and Ernzerhof (HSE) hybrid functional for exchange‐correlation energy was performed to investigate atomic structure, electronic properties and role of oxygen (O) defects occurred by means of their defect formation energies. The defect formation energies of both oxygen defects were compared with all possible native point defects in indium nitride. Our results revealed that O atom prefers to substitute in N site since it has lowest formation energy for all equilibrium crystal growth conditions. This result is consistent with the experimental observations by RF magnetron sputtering method. Moreover, the energy gap of indium nitride calculated by HSE method is 0.710 eV. The HSE calculation showed that the O antisite slightly widening the indium nitride band gap to 0.766 eV while the N vacancy gives wider indium nitride band gap of 1.410 eV. The complex defects of N vacancy and O antisite were also performed and discussed.
First Principles Calculations of Structural and Elastic Properties of Perovskite Crystals: The Case of SrTiO3
Authors: Pandech Narasak , Sarasamak Kanoknan , Limpijumnong Sukit
Published: February 2016

The structural and elastic properties of perovskite crystals can be independently calculated by using first principles calculations without bias. The detailed calculation of cubic perovskite (Pm3m) crystal by first‐principles calculations both LDA and GGA approaches was shown, using SrTiO3 as an illustration case. The equilibrium volumes and bulk modulus of SrTiO3 were evaluated by fitting to Birch‐Murnaghan equation of states. The C11, C12, and C44 elastic constants were obtained from a polynomial fit to the calculated energy‐strain relations. For SrTiO3, the calculated lattice constants, bulk modulus, and all three elastic constants by both LDA and GGA calculations are in good agreement with experimental values. Because LDA gives a slightly smaller lattice constant compared to that obtained from GGA, the bulk modulus and all three elastic constants obtained from LDA are slightly larger than those values obtained from GGA. The calculation steps illustrated here can be used as a guideline to study elastic properties of other novel materials.
Iodine/Water Mediated Parallel Synthesis of Bioactive Diversely Substituted Pyrazolo‐Pyrido‐Pyrimidines and Its Spiro Analogues: An Enviro‐Economic Approach
Authors: Sagir Hozeyfa , Rai Pragati , Rahila  , Tiwari Shailendra , Siddiqui I. R.
Published: February 2016

A convenient, green, and efficient protocol for the synthesis of diversely substituted pyrazolo‐pyrido‐pyrimidines has been described by a simple one‐pot four‐component reaction of hydrazine, ethyl acetoacetate, 6‐amino‐1‐methyluracil, and isatin or aldehyde catalyzed by iodine in water. Environmental friendliness, operational simplicity, low cost, high yields, and applicability to a wide range of readily available starting materials are the key features of this methodology. Most importantly, workup of this very clean strategy involves only filtration and simple washing step without any traditional chromatography and recrystallization purifications, thus reducing time, waste, and cost.
Detecting gas‐induced vasomotor changes via blood oxygenation level‐dependent contrast in healthy breast parenchyma and breast carcinoma
Authors: Wallace Tess E. , Patterson Andrew J. , Abeyakoon Oshaani , Bedair Reem , Manavaki Roido , McLean Mary A. , O'Connor James P.B. , Graves Martin J. , Gilbert Fiona J.
Published: February 2016

Purpose

To evaluate blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) contrast changes in healthy breast parenchyma and breast carcinoma during administration of vasoactive gas stimuli.

Materials and Methods

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at 3T in 19 healthy premenopausal female volunteers using a single‐shot fast spin echo sequence to acquire dynamic T2‐weighted images. 2% (n = 9) and 5% (n = 10) carbogen gas mixtures were interleaved with either medical air or oxygen in 2‐minute blocks, for four complete cycles. A 12‐minute medical air breathing period was used to determine background physiological modulation. Pixel‐wise correlation analysis was applied to evaluate response to the stimuli in breast parenchyma and these results were compared to the all‐air control. The relative BOLD effect size was compared between two groups of volunteers scanned in different phases of the menstrual cycle. The optimal stimulus design was evaluated in five breast cancer patients.

Results

Of the four stimulus combinations tested, oxygen vs. 5% carbogen produced a response that was significantly stronger (P < 0.05) than air‐only breathing in volunteers. Subjects imaged during the follicular phase of their cycle when estrogen levels typically peak exhibited a significantly smaller BOLD response (P = 0.01). Results in malignant tissue were variable, with three out of five lesions exhibiting a diminished response to the gas stimulus.

Conclusion

Oxygen vs. 5% carbogen is the most robust stimulus for inducing BOLD contrast, consistent with the opposing vasomotor effects of these two gases. Measurements may be confounded by background physiological fluctuations and menstrual cycle changes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:335–345.
Protective upregulation of activating transcription factor‐3 against glutamate neurotoxicity in neuronal cells under ischemia
Authors: Takarada Takeshi , Kou Miki , Hida Miho , Fukumori Ryo , Nakamura Saki , Kutsukake Takaya , Kuramoto Nobuyuki , Hinoi Eiichi , Yoneda Yukio
Published: February 2016

This study evaluates the pathological role of the stress sensor activating transcription factor‐3 (ATF3) in ischemic neurotoxicity. Upregulation of the transcript and protein for ATF3 was seen 2–10 hr after reperfusion in the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere of mice with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 hr. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the expression of ATF3 by cells immunoreactive for a neuronal marker in neocortex, hippocampus, and striatum within 2 hr after reperfusion. In murine neocortical neurons previously cultured under ischemic conditions for 2 hr, transient upregulation of both Atf3 and ATF3 expression was similarly found during subsequent culture for 2–24 hr under normoxia. Lentiviral overexpression of ATF3 ameliorated the neurotoxicity of glutamate (Glu) in cultured murine neurons along with a slight but statistically significant inhibition of both Fluo‐3 and rhodamine‐2 fluorescence increases by N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate. Similarly, transient upregulation was seen in Atf3 and ATF3 expression during the culture for 48 hr in neuronal Neuro2A cells previously cultured under ischemic conditions for 2 hr. Luciferase reporter analysis with ATF3 promoter together with immunoblotting revealed the possible involvement of several transcription factors responsive to extracellular and intracellular stressors in the transactivation of the Atf3 gene in Neuro2A cells. ATF3 could be upregulated to play a role in mechanisms underlying mitigation of the neurotoxicity mediated by the endogenous neurotoxin Glu at an early stage after ischemic signal inputs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two‐component signal transduction system SaeRS is involved in competence and penicillin susceptibility in Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Lou Qiang , Ma Yuanfang , Qu Di
Published: February 2016

Staphylococcus epidermidis, which is a causative pathogen of nosocomial infection, expresses its virulent traits such as biofilm and autolysis regulated by two‐component signal transduction system SaeRS. In this study, the S. epidermidis SaeRS was identified to negatively regulate the expression of genes involved in competence (comF, murF), cytolysis (lrgA), and autolysis (lytS) by DNA microarray or real‐time RT–PCR analysis. In addition, saeRS mutant showed increased competence and higher susceptibility to antibiotics such as penicillin and oxacillin than the wild‐type strain. The study will be helpful for understanding the characterization of the SaeRS in S. epidermidis.
Electrochemical fabrication of silver tips for tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy assisted by a machine vision system
Authors: Li Maohua , Lv Ruiqi , Huang Shengchao , Dai Yinzhen , Zeng Zhicong , Wang Lei , Ren Bin
Published: February 2016

Both tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy require the use of sharp tips. Electrochemical etching appears to be the most widely used method for preparing tips. To address the over‐etching problem associated with the silver tips by either using voltage or current as a feedback, we developed here an optical method‐based machine vision to achieve a quick cutoff of the circuit once the tip forms. It is a fully automated method with a response time of about 40 ms and is tolerated with any existing electrochemical etching method. We can significantly decrease the time of over‐etching of the silver tip when short rectangular pulses with a duty cycle of 28.6% were used. The mean radius of curvature was ca. 58 nm, as measured from over 50 tips. The capacities of silver tips for high‐resolution scanning tunneling microscopy imaging and high‐sensitivity tip‐enhanced Raman studies have been demonstrated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn Fractionation and Liberation Due to Mussel Shell Amendment on a Mine Soil
Authors: Fernández‐Calviño David , Pérez‐Armada Lorena , Cutillas‐Barreiro Laura , Paradelo‐Núñez Remigio , Núñez‐Delgado Avelino , Fernández‐Sanjurjo María J. , Álvarez‐Rodriguez Esperanza , Arias‐Estévez Manuel
Published: February 2016

Mining activities are related to relevant environmental pollution issues that should be controlled. We used sequential extractions to fractionate Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn retained on unamended or mussel shell‐amended mine soil samples, all of them treated with a mixture of the five heavy metals (total metal concentration of 1·57 mmol L−1), after 1, 7 and 30 days of incubation. In addition, we used the stirred flow chamber technique to study the release of each of the five heavy metals from these different unamended and shell‐amended soil samples. The results indicate that the shell amendment caused a decrease in the most soluble fraction, while increasing the most recalcitrant (least mobile) fraction. With equivalent implications, the stirred flow chamber experiments showed that mussel shell amendment was associated to a decrease in heavy metal release and increased retention. The highest mussel shell dose and incubation time caused the most relevant changes in pH values and thus in metal retention, also indicating the importance of pH modifications in the mechanism of retention acting in the amended samples. In view of these results, the use of mussel shell amendment can be encouraged to increase heavy metal retention in acid mine soils, in order to minimise risks of environmental pollution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computer simulations of thermal tissue remodeling during transvaginal and transurethral laser treatment of female stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Hardy Luke A. , Chang Chun‐Hung , Myers Erinn M. , Kennelly Michael J. , Fried Nathaniel M.
Published: February 2016

Background and Objectives

A non‐surgical method is being developed for treating female stress urinary incontinence by laser thermal remodeling of subsurface tissues with applied surface tissue cooling. Computer simulations of light transport, heat transfer, and thermal damage in tissue were performed, comparing transvaginal and transurethral approaches.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Monte Carlo (MC) simulations provided spatial distributions of absorbed photons in the tissue layers (vaginal wall, endopelvic fascia, and urethral wall). Optical properties (n,μa,μs,g) were assigned to each tissue at λ = 1064 nm. A 5‐mm‐diameter laser beam and incident power of 5 W for 15 seconds was used, based on previous experiments. MC output was converted into absorbed energy, serving as input for finite element heat transfer simulations of tissue temperatures over time. Convective heat transfer was simulated with contact probe cooling temperature set at 0°C. Variables used for thermal simulations (κ,c,ρ) were assigned to each tissue layer. MATLAB code was used for Arrhenius integral thermal damage calculations. A temperature matrix was constructed from ANSYS output, and finite sum was incorporated to approximate Arrhenius integral calculations. Tissue damage properties (Ea,A) were used to compute Arrhenius sums.

Results

For the transvaginal approach, 37% of energy was absorbed in the endopelvic fascia target layer with 0.8% deposited beyond it. Peak temperature was 71°C, the treatment zone was 0.8‐mm‐diameter, and 2.4 mm of the 2.7‐mm‐thick vaginal wall was preserved. For transurethral approach, 18% energy was absorbed in endopelvic fascia with 0.3% deposited beyond the layer. Peak temperature was 80°C, treatment zone was 2.0‐mm‐diameter, and 0.6 mm of 2.4‐mm‐thick urethral wall was preserved.

Conclusions

Computer simulations suggest that transvaginal approach is more feasible than transurethral approach. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:198–205, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Designing Polymeric Sensing Materials for Analyte Detection and Related Mechanisms
Authors: Stewart Katherine M. E. , Penlidis Alexander
Published: February 2016

A systematic approach is used to design and tailor sensing materials for targeted analytes and specific applications. An example is used to demonstrate how potential sensing materials can be designed based on the chemical nature of both the target analyte and the sensing material, and thus predominant sensing mechanisms by which the two interact. The example analyte is a small, polar molecule able to hydrogen bond; therefore, a sensing material that targets the analyte should have polymer chains that pack tightly together, be polar, and be able to hydrogen bond. Any metal oxide dopants should be able to coordinate to both the target analyte and the polymer. Polyaniline and poly (o‐anisidine), along with nickel oxide and zinc oxide, are chosen as potential sensing materials and subsequently evaluated based on their ability to sorb the analyte in question.
Impact on the predator population while lethal disease spreads in the prey
Authors: Chen Yongxue , Wen Yongxian
Published: February 2016

An eco‐epidemiological model is proposed to interpret the impact of an infectious disease on ecosystem, where prey is infected by lethal bacteria and the consumption of infected prey contributes to the negative growth of predator population. Of course, the required time delay is incorporated into the model. The biodiversity conservation is concerned. Stability, persistence, and bifurcation are carried out. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to support the theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Existence and uniqueness of strong–weak solutions for chemically reacting generalized second grade fluids in 2 space dimensions
Authors: Bousbih Hafedh , Majdoub Mohamed
Published: February 2016

The present paper is devoted to the analysis of a nonlinear system modeling unsteady flows of an incompressible non‐Newtonian fluid mixed with a reactant. We are interested on generalized second grade fluids, which are chemically reacting and whose viscosity depends both on the shear‐rate and the concentration. We prove existence and uniqueness of strong–weak solution for a flow filling in the plane
and subject to space periodic boundary conditions. This result is established under the fulfillment of some assumptions on the viscosity stress tensor and the flux vector of the diffusion–convection equation reflecting the chemical reaction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factorization of a class of matrix‐functions with stable partial indices
Authors: Mishuris G. , Rogosin S.
Published: February 2016

A new effective method for factorization of a class of nonrational n × n matrix‐functions with stable partial indices is proposed. The method is a generalization of one recently proposed by the authors, which was valid for the canonical factorization only. The class of matrices being considered is motivated by their applicability to various problems. The properties and steps of the asymptotic procedure are discussed in detail. The efficiency of the procedure is highlighted by numerical results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global well‐posedness for strongly damped multidimensional generalized Boussinesq equations
Authors: Jihong Shen , Mingyou Zhang , Xingchang Wang , Bowei Liu , Runzhang Xu
Published: February 2016

We study the Cauchy problem for a class of strongly damped multidimensional generalized Boussinesq equations utt−Δu−Δutt+Δ2u+Δ2utt−kΔut=Δf(u), where k is a positive constant. Under some assumptions and by using potential well method, we prove the existence and nonexistence of global weak solution without solution without establishing the local existence theory. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A prototype of injector to control and to detect the release of magnetic beads within the constraints of multibifurcation magnetic resonance navigation procedures
Authors: Bigot Alexandre , Soulez Gilles , Martel Sylvain
Published: February 2016

Purpose

An injector equipped with a bead capture and a bead detection system is presented. In the context of magnetic resonance navigation (MRN), in which MRI gradients are used to steer intravascular therapeutic carriers, fast and reliable injection is essential. In this paper, we present a prototype of injector to control and to detect the release of magnetic beads.

Methods

The injector relies on two distinct subsystems: (1) the capture subsystem, which creates local magnetic force to stop the flow of magnetic beads; and (2) the detection subsystem, which detects flowing beads and generates a trigger signal to start MRI gradient pulses. Both systems rely on small microcoils wound on the tubing.

Results

Five‐turn microcoils show the best compromise between size and performance. Less than 5 mW of power is required to capture 0.8‐mm beads moving in a flow above 5 mL min−1 or when a gradient above 200 mT m−1 is applied. The detection system is not sensitive to noise and detects every 0.8‐mm bead in flow rates up to 14 mL m−1.

Conclusion

The prototype of injector shows performance above the requirements inherent to magnetic resonance navigation. This system is a step toward in vivo multibifurcation MRN. Magn Reson Med 77:444–452, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved cardiac magnetic resonance thermometry and dosimetry for monitoring lesion formation during catheter ablation
Authors: Ozenne Valéry , Toupin Solenn , Bour Pierre , de Senneville Baudouin Denis , Lepetit‐Coiffé Matthieu , Boissenin Manuel , Benois‐Pineau Jenny , Hansen Michael S. , Inati Souheil J. , Govari Assaf , Jaïs Pierre , Quesson Bruno
Published: February 2016

Purpose

A new real‐time MR‐thermometry pipeline was developed to measure multiple temperature images per heartbeat with 1.6×1.6×3 mm3 spatial resolution. The method was evaluated on 10 healthy volunteers and during radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in sheep.

Methods

Multislice, electrocardiogram‐triggered, echo‐planar imaging was combined with parallel imaging, under free breathing conditions. In‐plane respiratory motion was corrected on magnitude images by an optical flow algorithm. Motion‐related susceptibility artifacts were compensated on phase images by an algorithm based on Principal Component Analysis. Correction of phase drift and temporal filter were included in the pipeline implemented in the Gadgetron framework. Contact electrograms were recorded simultaneously with MR thermometry by an MR‐compatible ablation catheter.

Results

The temporal standard deviation of temperature in the left ventricle remained below 2 °C on each volunteer. In sheep, focal heated regions near the catheter tip were observed on temperature images (maximal temperature increase of 38 °C) during RFA, with contact electrograms of acceptable quality. Thermal lesion dimensions at gross pathology were in agreement with those observed on thermal dose images.

Conclusion

This fully automated MR thermometry pipeline (five images/heartbeat) provides direct assessment of lesion formation in the heart during catheter‐based RFA, which may improve treatment of cardiac arrhythmia by ablation. Magn Reson Med 77:673–683, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Fast diffusion imaging with high angular resolution
Authors: Chao Tzu‐Cheng , Chiou Jr‐yuan George , Maier Stephan E. , Madore Bruno
Published: February 2016

Purpose

High angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) is a well‐established method to help reveal the architecture of nerve bundles, but long scan times and geometric distortions inherent to echo planar imaging (EPI) have limited its integration into clinical protocols.

Methods

A fast imaging method is proposed here that combines accelerated multishot diffusion imaging (AMDI), multiplexed sensitivity encoding (MUSE), and crossing fiber angular resolution of intravoxel structure (CFARI) to reduce spatial distortions and reduce total scan time. A multishot EPI sequence was used to improve geometrical fidelity as compared to a single‐shot EPI acquisition, and acceleration in both k‐space and diffusion sampling enabled reductions in scan time. The method is regularized and self‐navigated for motion correction. Seven volunteers were scanned in this study, including four with volumetric whole brain acquisitions.

Results

The average similarity of microstructural orientations between undersampled datasets and their fully sampled counterparts was above 85%, with scan times below 5 min for whole‐brain acquisitions. Up to 2.7‐fold scan time acceleration along with four‐fold distortion reduction was achieved.

Conclusion

The proposed imaging strategy can generate HARDI results with relatively good geometrical fidelity and low scan duration, which may help facilitate the transition of HARDI from a successful research tool to a practical clinical one. Magn Reson Med 77:696–706, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine