bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enteroviral meningitis in children: Clinical and laboratory features
with and without pleocytosis
Authors: Şen Zeynep Savaş , Ozdem Suna , Yalcinkaya Rumeysa , Gumuser Cinni Ruveyda , Polat Emine , Polat Meltem , Kaman Ayse , Aydın Teke Turkan , Tanir Gonul , Öz Fatma Nur
Published: August 2024

Background Enteroviruses (EV) are most common causes of the etiologically
known aseptic meningitis in children. EV can be detected with polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. We aimed to evaluate the
clinical and laboratory characteristics of children diagnosed with PCR-confirmed
EV meningitis in CSF samples.

Patients Patients aged 1 month to 17 years who underwent lumbar puncture
(LP) with suspected meningitis and had CSF viral PCR and culture results between
September 2012 and January 2021 at a tertiary care hospital in Turkey were
included.

Methods Patients with no virus detected in CSF samples by PCR was
comprised PCR-negative group. The EV PCR-positive patients were divided into two
groups based on CSF pleocytosis as enteroviral meningitis (EVM) with CSF
pleocytosis and EVM without CSF pleocytosis, and compared in terms of clinical
and laboratory features.

Results 78 (38.2%) were EV PCR-positive, and 126 (61.8%) were
PCR-negative. Pleocytosis was detected in 55 (70.5%) EV PCR-positive patients
and 94 (74.6%) of PCR-negative patients. Convulsion was significantly frequent
(p=0.017) in EV PCR-positive patients with no pleocytosis. Protein and lactate
concentrations in CSF were significantly higher in EV PCR-positive patients with
pleocytosis (p=0.048, p=0.001, respectively). Median hospital stay was
significantly longer in PCR-negative group (p<0.001).

Conclusion Diagnosing EVM with PCR prevents long-term hospitalization,
unnecessary antibiotic use and healthcare-related complications.
Easily missed pathologies of the musculoskeletal system in the emergency radiology setting
Authors: Weber Marc-André
Published: August 2024

The musculoskeletal region is the main area in terms of easily missed pathologies in the emergency radiology setting, because the majority of diagnoses missed in the emergency setting are fractures.

A review of the literature was performed by searching the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, using the keywords (‘missed injuries’ or ‘missed fractures’) and (‘emergency radiology’ or ‘emergency room’) and (‘musculoskeletal’ or ‘bone’ or ‘skeleton’) for the title and abstract query. The inclusion criteria were scientific papers presented in the English and German languages. Among the 347 relevant hits between 1980 and 2024 as identified by the author of this review article, there were 114 relevant articles from the years between 2018 and 2024. Based on this literature search and the author’s personal experience, this study presents useful information for reducing the number of missed pathologies in the musculoskeletal system in the emergency radiology setting.

Predominant factors that make up the majority of missed fractures are ‘subtle but still visible fractures’ and ‘radiographically imperceptible fractures’. Radiologists are able to minimize the factors contributing to fractures being missed. For example, implementing a ‘four-eyes principle’, i.e., two readers read the radiographs, would help to overcome the missing of ‘subtle but still visible fractures’ and the additional use of cross-sectional imaging would help to overcome the missing of ‘radiographically imperceptible fractures’. Knowledge of what is commonly missed and evaluation of high-risk areas with utmost care also increase the diagnostic performance of radiologists.
Comparison of Pulmonary Outcome in Minimally Invasive (TCRAT) and Full Sternotomy CABG
Authors: Sellin Christian , Sand Ulrike , Demianenko Volodymyr , Schmitt Christoph , Schäfer Benedikt , Schier Robert , Doerge Hilmar
Published: August 2024

Background Pulmonary complications are among the main causes of increased mortality, and morbidity, as well as prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay after cardiac surgery. Recently, a sternum-sparing concept of minimally invasive total coronary revascularization via anterior minithoracotomy (TCRAT) was introduced. A higher risk of pulmonary injury could be anticipated due to the thoracic incision and the longer duration of surgery. Pulmonary complications in TCRAT were compared to standard coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) via full median sternotomy (FS).

Methods Records of 151 consecutive TCRAT (from September 2021 to November 2022) and 229 consecutive FS patients (from January 2017 to December 2018) patients, who underwent elective or urgent CABG, were analyzed. Preoperative baseline characteristics (age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking status, left ventricular ejection fraction, pulmonary hypertonus, and EuroScore II) were comparable between groups.

Results Differences between examined groups examined were found for the pulmonary parameters: Horowitz index 6 hours after operation (TCRAT 270 ± 72 vs. FS 293 ± 73, p < 0.05), pneumothorax (TCRAT 0% vs. FS 2.6%, p < 0.05), bronchoscopies (TCRAT 5.9% vs. FS 1.7%, p < 0.05), and pleural effusion (TCRAT 8.6% vs. FS 3.5%, p < 0.05). Moreover, there were differences between groups with regard to mean ICU stay (TCRAT 2.4 ± 3.0 days vs. FS 1.8 ± 1.8 days, p < 0.05), stroke (TCRAT 0% vs. FS 1.3%, p < 0.05), and hospital stay (TCRAT 10.9 ± 8.5 days vs. FS 13.2 ± 9.3 days, p < 0.05). There were no differences regarding atelectasis, reintubations, tracheostomies, ventilation time, and mortality.

Conclusion Pulmonary complications in terms of pleural effusions were more common with TCRAT, however, without substantial impact on clinical outcome.
Gallstones: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Lammert Frank , Wittenburg Henning
Published: August 2024

Gallstones are common and affect up to 20% of the general adult population and >20% of them will develop symptoms or complications of cholelithiasis. The high risk of gallbladder stone formation can be reduced by ursodeoxycholic acid in the case of significant weight reduction resulting from diet or bariatric surgery. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is indicated for symptomatic gallstones, as the risk of recurrence or complications increases over the course of the disease. Biliary colic is treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and spasmolytics; opioids can also be used in cases of severe acute pain. Acute cholecystitis represents a common complication of gallbladder stones and a cholecystectomy should be performed early electively, i.e., within 24 hours of admission to hospital. Symptomatic bile duct stones are primarily treated endoscopically. Immediate anti-infective therapy is mandatory in acute cholangitis. Although knowledge on the genetics and pathophysiology of gallstones has increased, current treatment algorithms remain predominantly invasive, based on interventional endoscopy and surgery. Future efforts should focus on novel strategies to prevent the development of gallstones.
Volume Regulation and Nonosmotic Volume of Individual Human Platelets Quantified by High-Speed Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy
Authors: Krutzke Konstantin , Seifert Jan , Gawaz Meinrad , Rheinlaender Johannes , Schäffer Tilman E.
Published: August 2024

Background Platelets are anucleate cells that play an important role in wound closure following vessel injury. Maintaining a constant platelet volume is critical for platelet function. For example, water-induced swelling can promote procoagulant activity and initiate thrombosis. However, techniques for measuring changes in platelet volume such as light transmittance or impedance techniques have inherent limitations as they only allow qualitative measurements or do not work on the single-cell level.

Methods Here, we introduce high-speed scanning ion conductance microscopy (HS-SICM) as a new platform for studying volume regulation mechanisms of individual platelets. We optimized HS-SICM to quantitatively image the morphology of adherent platelets as a function of time at scanning speeds up to 7 seconds per frame and with 0.1 fL precision.

Results We demonstrate that HS-SICM can quantitatively measure the rapid swelling of individual platelets after a hypotonic shock and the following regulatory volume decrease (RVD). We found that the RVD of thrombin-, ADP-, and collagen-activated platelets was significantly reduced compared with nonactivated platelets. Applying the Boyle–van't Hoff relationship allowed us to extract the nonosmotic volume and volume fraction on a single-platelet level. Activation by thrombin or ADP, but not by collagen, resulted in a decrease of the nonosmotic volume, likely due to a release reaction, leaving the total volume unaffected.

Conclusion This work shows that HS-SICM is a versatile tool for resolving rapid morphological changes and volume dynamics of adherent living platelets.
Insights into Imaging of Pericardial and Cardiac Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Singh Resham , Jagia Priya
Published: August 2024

Pericardial and cardiac tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon form of extrapulmonary TB that poses a considerable diagnostic challenge for clinicians due to its nonspecific and diverse presentation. Its presentation is so diverse and distinct that it necessitates advanced imaging with cardiac computed tomography (CT)/cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in addition to routine transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for accurate diagnosis, myocardial involvement, management planning, and follow-up. This comprehensive review article highlights the highly valuable role of imaging modalities like echocardiography, cardiac CT, and CMR in the detailed evaluation of pericardial and cardiac TB, highlighting different forms of cardiac and pericardial involvement, their distinctive imaging features, and diagnostic challenges.
Endovascular Treatment of Ruptured Broad-Necked Intracranial Aneurysms with Double Microcatheter Technique: Case Series with Brief Review of Literature
Authors: Karki Mohan , Rajpal Girish
Published: August 2024

Objective Treatment of ruptured broad-necked intracranial aneurysms by endovascular therapy is technically burdensome. It is commonly treated with stent- and balloon-assisted coils embolization. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes following double micro-catheter (MC) technique.

Materials and Methods A retrospective study was done on 16 broad-necked (neck diameter ≥ 4 mm and dome-to-neck ratio < 2) ruptured intracranial aneurysms in 16 patients treated with double MC technique at our center between December 2021 and December 2023. Clinical outcome was evaluated by modified Rankin Score, postcoiling radiological outcome was evaluated by Raymond–Roy occlusion grade, and treatment-related complications were assessed.

Results There were 16 patients, 9 females and 7 males; with a mean age of 51.3 years (35–70 years). All the patients underwent dual MC coils embolization for all aneurysms. Raymond–Roy occlusion class I was achieved in 81.3% (13) cases and Raymond–Roy class II was achieved in 18.7% (3) cases immediately after the procedure. There were no serious postprocedure-related complications or recanalization of the aneurysm at the mean follow-up of 4.8 months (range 2–10 months).

Conclusion Our study presents the safety and effectiveness of double MC system for treating ruptured broad-necked intracranial aneurysm. Large numbers of studies with longer follow-up period are required to secure validity of double MC technique.
Framing Amish victimization and security through the lens of criminological theory
Authors: Donnermeyer Joseph F.
Published: August 2024

This article explores the crime experience of the Amish, a rural-located religious subculture that is rarely studied by criminologists. Evidence is derived from narratives of crime experiences reported by scribes to a monthly Amish periodical called The Diary. Every month there are reports about community events from hundreds of Amish settlements, including crime. A routine activities approach helps frame the results. From 168 crime narratives, both burglary/attempted burglary and larceny/attempted larceny are the most frequently described. Suggestions for future research, including an expanded collection of crime narratives from The Diary, plus interviews with both law enforcement and other criminal justice practitioners and Amish crime victims will advance criminological understandings of Amish vulnerability to crime. The article concludes with suggested actions to improve safety and security for Amish communities using environmental criminology theories.
Does larger scale enhance carbon efficiency? Assessing the impact of corporate size on manufacturing carbon emission efficiency
Authors: Wang Qiang , Sun Tingting , Li Rongrong
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the impact of corporate scale on manufacturing corporate carbon efficiency (MCEE) using empirical analyses and diverse modeling techniques. The research begins with rigorous unit root and cointegration tests, confirming the stationary nature of the data and establishing long-term equilibrium relationships among the variables. Subsequently, benchmark regression analyses employing various models, including system GMM, reveal a robust and significantly positive association between corporate scale and MCEE. The findings emphasize that as corporate scale increases, there is a substantial enhancement in MCEE, attributed to expanded resources, technological advancements, and improved management systems. Robustness tests employing alternative approaches consistently reaffirm this positive correlation, further validating the pivotal role of corporate scale in augmenting MCEE. Furthermore, nonlinear analyses demonstrate varying impacts across different quantile levels of MCEE, highlighting the consistent positive correlation between corporate scale and MCEE. Additionally, the panel threshold model underscores the influence of environmental regulations, R&D investments, and trade openness on this relationship. Notably, stricter environmental regulations intensify the impact of corporate scale on MCEE, emphasizing the importance of corporate expansion in minimizing environmental costs and enhancing resource efficiency. These findings underscore the significance of corporate scale in driving corporate carbon efficiency. They advocate for corporations to not only expand their production capacities but also focus on optimizing management strategies and resource allocation, particularly in contexts influenced by environmental regulations, R&D investments, and trade openness. Overall, this research contributes comprehensive insights into understanding the dynamics governing corporate environmental efficiency and emphasizes the critical role of corporate scale in fostering environmental sustainability.
Analysis of communication characteristics of Airy vortex beams in turbulent plasma sheath
Authors: Sun Tingwei , Deng Qingqing , Chen Wei , Bo Yong , Yang Lixia , Guo Lixin
Published: August 2024

In this paper, a transmission model of power-exponential Airy vortex beams in plasma turbulence is established based on the random phase screen theory, and the information transmission characteristics of Airy vortex beams are compared under the OOK, BPSK, and DPSK modulation modes in free-space optical communication systems. Bit error rates (BERs) were calculated for different power indices (n), undulation variances (<Δn2>), transmission distances, and anisotropy parameters. In addition, the orbital angular momentum multiplexing of Airy vortex beams in the Line-of-Sight multiple input multiple output system under a plasma turbulence environment is investigated. The spectral efficiency (SE) is analyzed for different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and radii of the emitting surface, and the effects of the variation in the system's numerical aperture and the power exponent on the SE and the effective degrees of freedom in space are analyzed. The results show that the Airy beam has better turbulence resistance than the Laguerre–Gaussian beam. The power-exponential Airy beam has better transmission performance than the conventional Airy beam. By increasing the anisotropy parameter, the BER of the system decreases. When the <Δn2> and the transmission distance increase, the BER increases. Increasing the SNR, the radius of the launching surface and the choice of power-exponential Airy beams can improve the channel capacity. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the problem of optical signal propagation in plasma turbulence.
The effect of energetic electrons in lunar ionosphere on the streaming plasma instability around moon
Authors: Yadav Vipin K. , Agarwal Mahima , Chakraborty Mehul , Kumar Rajneesh
Published: August 2024

The analytical study of the two-stream instability (TSI) generation is carried out in the lunar ionosphere. The solar wind is considered an electron beam, which interacts with the lunar ionosphere, generated due to the photoionization of the lunar neutrals by the extreme ultraviolet component of the solar radiation. In this interaction process, the lunar electrons constitute the background plasma as the ion population is considerably low in the lunar plasma environment. In the present study along with the non-energetic (“cold”) electrons, which are in the majority, a fraction of energetic electrons (“hot”) of the total lunar electron population are also considered and the fraction of energetic electrons is taken in the range of 1%–25% of the total lunar electron count. The particle-in-cell simulations suggest that the presence of energetic electrons in the lunar plasma environment hastens the electron bunching during the interaction with the incoming solar wind electrons during the TSI. The energetic electrons in the lunar plasma environment are capable of triggering non-linear phenomena, such as the generation of lunar plasma waves. The inclusion of hot electrons in the lunar plasma ambiance changes the scenario for the TSI to occur in the lunar ionosphere, and the analysis shows that it modifies the TSI dispersion relation and can have a significant impact on the growth and decay of the TSI and its threshold for generation in a lunar plasma environment.
Mode transitions in a magnetically shielded Hall thruster. I. Experimentally informed model
Authors: Jorns Benjamin A. , Dale Ethan , Hofer Richard R.
Published: August 2024

An experimental evaluation is presented of a two-equation model for the low frequency (<25 kHz), large amplitude (>100% of mean) discharge oscillations exhibited by a 9-kW class magnetically shielded Hall thruster. The model is based on a theoretical treatment of the “breathing mode” oscillations in Hall thrusters (Barral and Peradzyński, “A new breath for the breathing mode,” IEPC-2009-070) and includes governing equations for fluctuations in the discharge current and the spatially averaged neutral density in the thruster channel. The derivation of the governing equations is reviewed, and the key simplifying assumptions are formulated in terms of comparisons between the magnitudes of relative fluctuations in spatially averaged plasma properties. Experimental measurements are performed of these plasma properties at an operating condition of 300 V discharge voltage and 10 A discharge current. It is found that all quantities of interest such as drift speed, electric field, and temperature fluctuate on the timescale of the low frequency oscillations. However, the relative phasing of these properties combine in such that the key assumptions of the model are satisfied—all but the neutral density and discharge fluctuations can be neglected in the equations for neutral density and current oscillations. A physical interpretation of the validity of the assumptions is presented, and the model is discussed in the context of its extensibility to other operating conditions. The validated model forms the basis for a parametric study presented in Part II of mode transitions and the criterion for these transitions in a magnetically shielded Hall thruster.
Prediction of force chains for dense granular flows using machine learning approach
Authors: Cheng Ching-Hung , Lin Cheng-Chuan
Published: August 2024

Force chain networks among particles play a crucial role in understanding and modeling dense granular flows, with widespread applications ranging from civil engineering structures to assessing geophysical hazards. However, experimental measurement of microscale interparticle contact forces in dense granular flows is often impractical, especially for highly complex granular flow systems. On the other hand, discrete-based simulation approaches suffer from extremely high computational costs. Thus, this study proposes an innovative machine-learning framework aimed at accurately predicting the force chain networks in dense granular flows, using particle-scale and bulk-scale flow features, and novel topological parameters. A deep neural network was developed, achieving an excellent accuracy of 94.7%, recall of 100%, precision of 90.3%, and an f1-score of 95% for non-Bagnold type flow, where the force chains significantly affect flow characteristics. In addition, to enrich the future application of the proposed model, we introduce an experimentally accessible feature set, demonstrating effective performance in detecting force chains. More importantly, our analysis of feature importance using Shapley additive explanations values facilitates informed decision-making when identifying force chains in real-world dense granular flow experiments. The proposed machine-learning architecture will be of interest and essential for any dense granular flows where detecting force chains proves to be exceedingly challenging.
Development of a toroidally resolved broadband ECE imaging system for measurement of turbulent fluctuations on the KSTAR
Authors: Kim Dong-Kwon , Lee Jaehyun , Lee Dong Jae , Yun Gunsu S.
Published: August 2024

The two electron cyclotron emission imaging (ECEI) systems installed at adjacent ports (G and H) on the KSTAR tokamak incorporate large-aperture mm-wave optics, broadband electronics, and high speed digitization (up to 1 MSa/s) for 2D and quasi-3D visualization of MHD-scale fluid dynamics. Recently, the ECEI systems have been proved to be capable of visualization of smaller scale fluctuations albeit with a limited spatiotemporal resolution and even capable of measurement of ion cyclotron harmonic waves by direct high-speed sampling of the ECE IF signals. A four-channel prototype subsystem with a higher sampling rate up to 16 GS/s has been integrated into the G-port ECEI system, enabling the measurement of plasma waves in the GHz range in the form of modulated ECE signals and characterization of high-frequency turbulence during the evolution of pedestal. To achieve higher toroidal resolution in the turbulence measurement, the H-port ECEI system is now being upgraded to have a toroidally dual detector array of 2(toroidal) × 12(vertical) × 8(radial) channel configuration and a high-speed subsystem of 2(toroidal) × 4 channel configuration. The new mm-wave optics has been designed via beam propagation simulation, and the measured performance of the fabricated lens indicates a toroidal resolution of 8–10 cm depending on the focus position and zoom factor, allowing for the measurement of parallel wavenumber up to k‖ ∼ 0.8 cm−1.
Reflectivity measurement of a silicon carbide mirror sample for ITER divertor vacuum ultraviolet spectrometer
Authors: Kim Yoo Kwan , Seon Changrae , An Younghwa , Hong Joohwan , Cheon Munseong , Kim Boseong , Kim Yu Kwon
Published: August 2024

The first mirror is the front-end optic component that reflects light emitted from the plasma to the diagnostic system in fusion plasmas. Silicon carbide (SiC), known for its relatively high mechanical strength and radiation tolerance, has been selected as the substrate material for the first mirror in the ITER divertor vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectrometer. To measure the reflectivity of the ellipse cylindrical SiC mirror to be manufactured, a device for reflectivity measurement in the VUV wavelength range was developed. First, the reflectivity of a sample SiC mirror (15 mm diameter × 10 mm thick) was measured across the ITER-required incidence angles, and the results are reported in this study. A hollow cathode lamp with helium gas was used as the VUV light source in the wavelength range of 23–60 nm, and a dedicated VUV spectrometer to select specific wavelengths was developed. The spectrometer utilized laminar-type replica diffraction gratings (Shimadzu 30-006) and two back-illuminated charge-coupled devices (BI-CCD, Andor DO 940P-BEN) for the grating and detector, respectively. A cropping technique with aperture was employed to precisely localize the VUV light’s reflection onto the SiC mirror surface. The experimentally measured reflectivity values of SiC at the required incidence angles of VUV light were compared with theoretically calculated reflectivity curves. The oxidation layer (SiO2) formed on the SiC surface and the incidence angle of VUV light to the BI-CCD chip (E2V) would be the factors affecting the accuracy of the reflectivity.
Design solutions for the hodoscope of the magnetic proton recoil neutron spectrometer of the SPARC tokamak
Authors: Rosa M. Dalla , Mackie S. , Rigamonti D. , Tedoldi L. G. , Colombi S. , Molin A. Dal , Marcer G. , Nocente M. , Gorini G. , Raj P. , Rebai M. , Carmichael J. , Reinke M. , Scioscioli F. , Tinguely R. A. , Tardocchi M.
Published: August 2024

A new 14 MeV neutron spectrometer utilizing the magnetic proton recoil (MPR) technique is under development for the SPARC tokamak. This instrument measures neutrons by converting them into protons, whose momenta are subsequently analyzed using a series of magnets before detection by an array of scintillators known as the hodoscope. In this work, we explore various solutions for the hodoscope detectors through laboratory tests with radioactive sources and simulations. We present findings on light collection and pulse shape discrimination based on detector types, as well as optimal solutions for photo-detectors studying the differences between SiPM and PMT. Our results also led to the determination of a better optimized design for the hodoscope detectors, consisting of a 0.7 cm width and a 13 cm length EJ276D scintillation rod.
Characterization of the upgraded single-line-of-sight time-resolved x-ray imager using short-pulse visible and UV lasers
Authors: Michalko M. J. , Churnetski K. , Katz J. , Regan S. P. , Theobald W. , Ivancic S. T.
Published: August 2024

The single-line-of-sight time-resolved x-ray imager (SLOS-TRXI), a fast-gated x-ray imager used for capturing x-ray self-emission in inertial confinement fusion experiments on OMEGA, has been upgraded and characterized. SLOS-TRXI combines an electron-dilation imager and a hybrid complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (hCMOS) sensor to capture multiple gated frames on a single line of sight with a temporal resolution of ∼40 ps and a spatial resolution of 10 µm. The original hCMOS sensor with four frames was replaced with a newer-generation hCMOS sensor having eight frames. Gate characterizations of both the sensor and the entire SLOS-TRXI diagnostic were performed using ∼10-ps FWHM visible (2ω) and UV (4ω) short-pulse lasers, respectively. A stepped echelon was used to generate a train of five UV laser pulses having an interpulse separation of 30 ± 3 ps. Characterization results of the hCMOS gating (2.28 ± 0.02-ns FWHM on average) and a temporal resolution of the upgraded SLOS-TRXI (34 ± 4-ps FWHM on average) are presented. A temporal magnification for the electron-dilation imager between 40 and 60 was inferred from the characterization results. The spatial resolution of the upgraded SLOS-TRXI remains the same in light of this work.
Effects of swift heavy ions on metal nanoparticles embedded in silica: Using linearly polarized light to monitor the elongation kinetics
Authors: Borrell-Grueiro Olivia , Mendez-González Yanela , Crespillo Miguel L. , Olivares José , Ramos-Ramos Diego J. , Junquera Elena , Bañares Luis , Guerrero-Martínez Andrés , Rivera Antonio , Peña-Rodríguez Ovidio
Published: August 2024

The elongation of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in a dielectric matrix after irradiation with swift heavy ions is a phenomenon that has been known for several years. However, the precise mechanism behind this deformation process is still not fully understood, primarily due to the dearth of information during intermediate stages of deformation. In this study, we report the continuation of our previous work [Peña-Rodríguez et al., Sci. Rep. 7(1), 922 (2017)], exploiting the strong dependence of the localized surface plasmon resonance on the aspect ratio of elongated metal NPs to study the elongation kinetics in situ. In situ optical absorption spectra were measured using a polarizing beam splitter to separate the longitudinal and transverse plasmon modes of the anisotropic NPs. Then, the detailed geometrical and compositional parameters were determined from a fit of these spectra. The use of linearly polarized light allowed for a more accurate analysis of the elongation kinetics, particularly useful in the first stages, where longitudinal and transverse modes overlap.
Interplay of phoresis and self-phoresis in active particles: Transport properties, phoretic, and self-phoretic coefficients
Authors: Arango-Restrepo A. , Rubi J. M.
Published: August 2024

Self-propelled synthetic particles have attracted scientific interest due to their potential applications as nanomotors in drug delivery and their insight into bacterial taxis. Research on their dynamics has focused on understanding phoresis and self-phoresis in catalytic Janus particles at both the nano- and microscale. This study explores the combined effects of self-diffusiophoresis and self-thermophoresis induced by exothermic chemical reactions on the surface of active particles moving in non-electrolyte media. We examine how these phoretic phenomena interact, influenced by the coupling between chemical reactions, heat generation, and the concentration and temperature fields at the particle interface. Using a theoretical framework based on the induction of surface tension gradients at the particle interface, we analyze the phoretic dynamics, quantifying parameters such as effective diffusivities, transport coefficients, and, most importantly, phoretic coefficients. Our findings provide insights into the conditions that dictate coupled or independent phoretic behaviors, with implications for drug delivery and nanomotor applications, enabling customized transport processes at the nanoscale.
Electron diffraction of foam-like clusters between xenon and helium in superfluid helium droplets
Authors: Trejo Marisol , Clifford Andrew , Alfonso Ernesto Garcia , Halberstadt Nadine , Xue Lan , Kong Wei
Published: August 2024

We report electron diffraction results of xenon clusters formed in superfluid helium droplets, with droplet sizes in the range of 105–106 atoms/droplet and xenon clusters from a few to a few hundred atoms. Under four different experimental conditions, the diffraction profiles can be fitted using four atom pairs of Xe. For the two experiments performed with higher helium contributions, the fittings with one pair of Xe–He and three pairs of Xe–Xe distances are statistically preferred compared with four pairs of Xe–Xe distances, while the other two experiments exhibit the opposite preference. In addition to the shortest pair distances corresponding to the van der Waals distances of Xe–He and Xe–Xe, the longer distances are in the range of the different arrangements of Xe–He–Xe and Xe–He–He–Xe. The number of independent atom pairs is too many for the small xenon clusters and too few for the large clusters. We consider these results evidence of xenon foam structures, with helium atoms stuck between Xe atoms. This possibility is confirmed by helium time-dependent density functional calculations. When the impact parameter of the second xenon atom is a few Angstroms or longer, the second xenon atom fails to penetrate the solvation shell of the first atom, resulting in a dimer with a few He atoms in between the two Xe atoms. In addition, our results for larger droplets point toward a multi-center growth process of dopant atoms or molecules, which is in agreement with previous proposals from theoretical calculations and experimental results.
Immature B cell homing shapes human lymphoid tissue structure and function
Authors: Spencer Jo , Dionisi Chiara
Published: August 2024

Shortly after the emergence of newly formed human B cells from bone marrow as transitional cells, they diverge along two developmental pathways that can be distinguished by the level of IgM they express and migratory biases. Here, we propose that differential tissue homing of immature B cell subsets contributes to human lymphoid tissue structure and function.
Prediction of the minimum miscibility pressure for CO2 flooding based on a physical information neural network algorithm
Authors: Qin Bowen , Cai Xulong , Ni Peng , Zhang Yizhong , Zhang Maolin , Wang Chenxi
Published: August 2024

The minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) is a crucial parameter in assessing the miscibility of CO2 displacement and evaluating the effectiveness of oil displacement. Traditional methods for calculating MMP are intricate and time-consuming, involving numerous related parameters. Therefore, precise and efficient determination of MMP is highly significant in the development of CO2-driven reservoirs. This study first utilized the Pearson correlation coefficient to analyse the correlation factor mechanism of 36 sets of fine-tube experimental data. Subsequently, the physical information neural network prediction model was employed with reservoir temperature, crude oil composition, and injected gas type as input parameters. The PRI state equation and Glaso correlation equation drove the model, with parameter optimization and training conducted under both physical and data driving. The model demonstrates high prediction accuracy and strong generalization ability. Finally, Validation of the model was performed using fine-tube experimental data from 5 other wells, revealing a relatively small relative deviation between calculated and experimental values, with an average coefficient of determination of 0.95 and an average relative error of 4.42%. The prediction accuracy was improved by about 75% compared to other machine learning algorithms. This model holds potential for application in on-site reservoir development, enhancing the measurement accuracy of the minimum miscible pressure of pure CO2 flooding, greatly shortening the design cycle of reservoir development, expediting the process of reservoir development, and providing technical guidance for improving oil and gas recovery and pure CO2 flooding exploration and development.
Intelligent visual detection method for the early surface damage of mine hoisting wire ropes
Authors: Zhou Ping , Zhou Gongbo , Wang Hanyu , Li Xuanhan , Wang Haozhe , He Zhenzhi , Zhu Haiping , Wang Jinchao , Li Yue
Published: August 2024

An intelligent visual detection method is proposed to identify early surface damage in operational mine hoist steel wire ropes (MHWRs), addressing challenges arising from complex surface morphology, subtle early-stage damage, and difficulties in identification. The method is based on an improved YOLOv5 (you only look once) network, a visual detection system has been developed, and on-site experiments and applied research are currently underway. Firstly, the operating conditions of the in-service MHWRs were analyzed. In response to their dynamic hoisting characteristics and complex surface morphology, a detection system framework based on high-speed visual perception and deep intelligent algorithms was proposed. Then, the Retinex and convolutional block attention module (CBAM) attention mechanism modules were introduced to solve the problems of uneven illumination and subtle early-stage damage, and a visual recognition network model for detecting surface early-stage subtle damage in MHWRs was constructed on the YOLOv5 base module, referred to as MineWR-net. Subsequently, based on the evolutionary process of surface damage in MHWRs, a dataset for early-stage damage was established, and performance comparative studies were conducted on various object detection algorithms. Finally, integrating practical operating conditions and application requirements, on-site experimental research was carried out for the MHWRs visual detection system. The results indicate that the designed MHWRs visual inspection system can achieve dynamic and clear acquisition of the surface image of serving steel wire rope under high-speed movement. Compared with other target detection algorithms, the average detection accuracy (Map) of MineWR-net is 82.3%, which has superior detection performance. This research can provide technical support for the industrial application deployment of the healthy operation and maintenance of MHWRs.
A new denoising method of ship-radiated noise: Improved variational mode decomposition coupled with fractional order entropy double threshold criterion
Authors: Li Guohui , Zhang Liwen , Yang Hong
Published: August 2024

Ship-radiated noise (SRN) contains abundant ship characteristic information. The detection and analysis of SRN is very important for ship target recognition, positioning and tracking. However, complex ocean noise easily interferes with the propagation of SRN in water. To achieve a preferable denoising effect, a new denoising method for SRN is proposed. First, the SRN is decomposed by an improved variational mode decomposition (DVMD) by a dung beetle optimizer, and the complexity of each intrinsic mode function after decomposition is measured by the fractional order refined composite multiscale fluctuation dispersion entropy (FRCMFDE). Second, the entropy distribution characteristics are analyzed, and different adaptive division methods are used to determine the entropy distribution characteristics of different modes, i.e. it divides all modes into clean modes, mildly noisy modes, moderately noisy modes and highly noisy modes. Then, locally weighted scatterplot smoothing and improved dual-tree complex wavelet transform (IDTCWT) are used to denoise the mildly noisy modes and moderately noisy modes, respectively. Finally, the denoised SRN is obtained by reconstructing the two groups of denoised modes and clean modes. The proposed denoising method is used to denoise Rossler, Chen and Lorenz signals, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is improved by 13.0785, 11.9390 and 12.3775 dB, respectively. Compared with DVMD-FRCMFDE, DVMD-FRCMFDE-wavelet soft threshold denoising (WSTD) and DVMD-FRCMFDE-IDTCWT, the SNR of the proposed denoising method is increased by 48%, 45.93% and 38.76%, respectively, and the root mean square error is increased by 46.55%, 42.76% and 30.04%, respectively. The proposed denoising method is applied to four types of measured SRN. Based on these findings, the proposed denoising method enhances clarity and smoothness of the phase space attractor, and effectively suppresses marine environmental noise in SRN, which provides solid groundwork for subsequent processing of SRN.
Ligand-assisted reprecipitation synthesis of highly luminescent and stable CsPbBr3@SiO2 nanoparticles with formation kinetics analysis
Authors: Huang Chien-Hao , Chu Sheng-Yuan
Published: August 2024

Cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite nanocrystals are becoming a popular alternative to chalcogenide quantum dots because of their bright green fluorescence and high color purity. However, owing to the poor stability caused by their highly ionic nature and the dynamic binding of long-chain capping ligands, their practical applications are limited. Although (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) is a frequently used insulating material for wrapping CsPbBr3 nanocrystals, it often causes surface etching. To address this issue, we introduced oleic acid into the anti-solvent toluene to inhibit the etching effect of APTES using a modified room-temperature ligand-assisted reprecipitation process. We utilized in situ time-dependent photoluminescence measurements to study the formation kinetics of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals and determine the optimal ligands ratio. This innovative approach enables precise control over CsPbBr3@SiO2 nanoparticles synthesis, yielding uniformly shaped nanocrystals with a silica shell, a consistent size around 10.17 ± 1.6 nm, and enhanced photoluminescence quantum yields ranging from 90% and 100%. The photoluminescence lifetimes of our CsPbBr3@SiO2 nanoparticles were significantly prolonged owing to a reduction in non-radiative recombination. This boosts their stability in thermal and polar solvent environments, making them superior candidates for use in photonic devices.
Fourier decay of equilibrium states for bunched attractors
Authors: Leclerc Gaétan
Published: August 2024

Let M be a closed manifold, and let

f
:
M
→
M

be a

C

2
+
α

Axiom A diffeomorphism. Suppose that f has an attractor Ω with codimension 1 stable lamination. Under a generic nonlinearity condition and a suitable bunching condition, we prove polynomial Fourier decay in the unstable direction for a large class of invariant measures on Ω. Our result applies in particular for the measure of maximal entropy. We construct in the appendix an explicit solenoid that satisfies the nonlinearity and bunching assumption.
The role of pulse wave analysis indexes for critically ill patients: a narrative review
Authors: Carrara Marta , Campitelli Riccardo , Guberti Diletta , Monge Garcia M Ignacio , Ferrario Manuela
Published: August 2024

Objective. Arterial pulse wave analysis (PWA) is now established as a powerful tool to investigate the cardiovascular system, and several clinical studies have shown how PWA can provide valuable prognostic information over and beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Typically these techniques are applied to chronic conditions, such as hypertension or aging, to monitor the slow structural changes of the vascular system which lead to important alterations of the arterial PW. However, their application to acute critical illness is not currently widespread, probably because of the high hemodynamic instability and acute dynamic alterations affecting the cardiovascular system of these patients. Approach. In this work we propose a review of the physiological and methodological basis of PWA, describing how it can be used to provide insights into arterial structure and function, cardiovascular biomechanical properties, and to derive information on wave propagation and reflection. Main results. The applicability of these techniques to acute critical illness, especially septic shock, is extensively discussed, highlighting the feasibility of their use in acute critical patients and their role in optimizing therapy administration and hemodynamic monitoring. Significance. The potential for the clinical use of these techniques lies in the ease of computation and availability of arterial blood pressure signals, as invasive arterial lines are commonly used in these patients. We hope that the concepts illustrated in the present review will soon be translated into clinical practice.
Accuracy and scalability of incompressible inductionless MHD codes applied to fusion technologies
Authors: Urgorri Fernando R , Fonfría Guillermo G , Verdugo Francesc , Príncipe Javier , Badia Santiago
Published: August 2024

It is well-known that magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) dominates the dynamic of the liquid metal flows inside the breeding blankets (BB) of future nuclear fusion plants by magnetic confinement. MHD is a multiphysics phenomenon involving both electromagnetism and incompressible fluid mechanics. From the computational point of view, the simulation of MHD flows in fusion relevant conditions entails a significant challenge. Indeed, due to the shape of the induced electrical currents inside the bulk of the fluid, high spatial resolutions are needed to capture the large gradients found in boundary layers and 3D effects. Besides, solving the equations accurately typically requires very small time steps for the transient algorithms. Over the past few decades, some parallel MHD codes have been developed with success to simulate complex flows in increasingly realistic geometries. Among them, the MHD tools of commercial CFD platforms have attracted attention due to their relatively soft learning curve. Most of these codes are based on the so called ϕ-formulation which, by applying the divergence free condition of the current density to the Ohms law, reduces the electromagnetic part of the problem to a single Poisson equation. As a downside, the approach segregates the fluid and electromagnetic problem. In practice, this establishes important limits to the mesh element size, to the mesh quality and to the time-step needed to obtain accurate and stable solutions that maintains charge conservation at a discrete level. In this work, these limits are explored for the commercial platform ANSYS-Fluent using a test geometry under different conditions. As an alternative, a new code based on Finite Element Methods (FEM) is introduced as well. This open-source code, called GridapMHD (https://github.com/gridapapps/GridapMHD.jl), aims at solving the full set of MHD equations using a monolithic approach. GridapMHD is still in early stages of development but it has already shown promising results.
State-selective electron capture in Ar

16
+

+

H

(
1
s
)

collisions for charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy
Authors: Kotian A M , Antonio N W , Marchuk O , Kadyrov A S
Published: August 2024

State-selective electron capture in collisions of Ar16+ ions with ground-state hydrogen atoms has been modeled using the two-center wave-packet convergent close-coupling approach. The partially stripped He-like projectile ion is represented using a model potential. Experimental measurements are not available for this collision system and to date, only the classical trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) method has been applied to calculate cross sections. The calculated total electron-capture cross section (TECS) is in good agreement with the previous CTMC results at the low energies but slightly larger at higher energies. This is likely because, in this work, we account for capture into highly excited states, which contribute significantly to the TECS at the intermediate energies. The n-resolved electron-capture cross sections have also been presented for capture into states with

n
=
6
−
19

, where n is the final-state principal quantum number. The most important of these are the cross sections for capture into the

n
=
14
−
17

states, which are used in charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy techniques. For these cross sections, a significant difference is observed between the present and previously published data. The cross sections differ by an order of magnitude in the 10−60 keV u−1 energy range. The agreement between the calculations is observed at the energies above 70 keV u−1. The

n
ℓ

-resolved electron-capture cross sections have also been presented at 15, 60, 100 and 200 keV u−1 projectile energies, where

ℓ

is the final-state angular momentum quantum number.