bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
version:	DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR GLUTEN-FREE BAKERY PRODUCTS FROM NON-TRADITIONAL TYPES OF VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Shirokova N. V. , Kuts Ann. A. ,   Don State Agrarian University, Kuts Anast. A. ,   Don State Technical University
Published: March 2022

The article discusses the results of research on the development of gluten-free bakery products intended for consumers on a gluten-free diet. Nutrition is the most important factor in the formation of a healthy population. In this regard, the priority tasks of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of healthy nutrition are to study ways to obtain new sources of food and provide conditions for the production of functional dietary foods for various population groups. Gluten-free baked goods are primarily developed using rice, soy flour, and cornstarch, which have insufficient nutritional value. Thus, the use of non-traditional types of vegetable raw materials in the production of gluten-free flour products, in order to enrich the products with the necessary nutrients and dietary fiber, is an important direction. Bread samples made from rice and buckwheat flour, flax hydrocolloid and hemp seeds were used as objects of research. The studies were carried out on the basis of the laboratory of the Don State Technical University "Biochemical and Spectral Analysis of Food Products" and the "Rostov Regional Veterinary Laboratory". When performing the work, generally accepted and standard research methods were used to ensure the fulfillment of the tasks set. The quality of the developed bakery products was analyzed by organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters. The results of the chemical composition of the developed gluten-free bakery product allow us to recommend it for medical and biological testing as a functional product aimed at dietary preventive nutrition. These studies will allow not only to expand the range of functional dietary foods, but also to enrich them with essential nutrients.
SOME PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF THE SALSK SHEEP AND RATIONAL PROCESSING OF LAMB
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Shirokova N. V. , Levkovskaya E. V. ,   Don State Agrarian University, Zubkova T. A. ,   Don State Agrarian University, Kazarova I. G. ,   Don State Agrarian University
Published: March 2022

The development of socially significant food products based on the introduction of breeding and genetic innovations and the use of modern biotechnological techniques will reduce the cost of production, the costs of transporting, storing and processing raw materials, and also, due to the increase in the profitability of all links in the technological chain, will increase the competitiveness of domestically produced food products. Increasing the production of meat products, expanding the range, increasing their biological value, as well as creating new generation products that meet the requirements of a healthy diet, are urgent tasks for the meat industry. The article is devoted to the study of the biological characteristics of sheep of different genetic potential and the development of a recipe and technology for a lamb meat product using non-traditional plant components. In order to increase the production volumes of the sheep breeding industry, it is necessary to use the genetic potential of breeds of domestic and foreign breeding, which affects the economic and biological characteristics and the level of animal productivity, to the maximum. We have studied the productive characteristics of sheep of different genetic potential in the production of competitive mutton and products of its processing. The article substantiates a new rational technology for the production of meat loaves using inulin and pumpkin powder. Despite the development of the production of synthetic forms of food additives, interest in the expanded use of non-traditional types of plant materials is constantly growing. The study was conducted at the Department of Food Technologies and Commodity Science, Don State Agrarian University. Experimental samples were made containing different amounts of herbal ingredients, the dose of inulin and pumpkin powder was established in the product, and the organoleptic evaluation was determined. On the basis of organoleptic and physico-chemical studies, a rational formulation of the product is proposed.
METABOLIC CHANGES IN THE ORGANISM OF SHEEP AT THE LAST TERMS OF GESTATION WITH COMPLICATION OF PREGNANCY WITH ECLAMPSIAS
Authors:   Volgograd State Agrarian University, Bulatov R. N. , Sengaliev E. M. ,   West-Kazakhstan Agrotechnical University named after A.I. Zhargin Khan, Avdeenko V. S. ,   Volgograd State Agrarian University, Molchanov A. V. ,   aratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov
Published: March 2022

During the prophylactic examination at the last stages of gestation, 27.691.79% of pregnant ewes were diagnosed with eclampsia of varying severity: arterial hypertension (BP 136.1 ± 2.85 mm Hg), proteinuria (protein content in urine more than 3 0±0.49 g/l), edema and coma. In urine, an increase in the concentration of ketone bodies above the physiological norm by 2.3 times, their fractions of AcAc and BH - by 5.9 and 1.5 times, respectively, was noted. In the blood, a decrease in buffer bases to 18.41 ± 1.53 mmol/l, a glucose concentration to 2.12 ± 0.12 mmol/l, a BH/AcAc coefficient to 1.47 ± 0.12 mmol/l were established. There was an increase in the concentration of the intermediate product of lipid peroxidation in the blood by 43.0%, the concentration of stable nitric oxide metabolites - by 38.0%, vitamin C - by 24.1%. The content of vitamin E decreased by 13.1%, and the concentration of double bonds increased by 20.46% with an atypical form of eclampsia and by 34.13% with the appearance of a typical form of eclampsia. The level of diene conjugates increased by 1.87 times. The concentration of intermediate products of ketodienes and conjugated trienes is increased by 1.75 times in comparison with the atypical form of the course of eclampsia and by 3.54 times with its typical course. In pregnant ewes, the activity of oxidized glutathione is increased (2.879 ± 0.32 µmol/l), and superoxide dismutase (1.736±0.37 arb. units) is lower than in the comparison group (2.146±0.56 µmol/l). Consequently, the metabolic parameters that are traditionally used in the diagnostic algorithm in pregnant sheep with metabolic stress with symptoms of eclampsia in some cases are less sensitive and specific than the indicators of the system "lipid peroxidation - antioxidant protection". In the future, the material obtained in this work should be taken into account when studying the problem of eclampsia in pregnant sheep, as a concept for the development of impaired functioning of the lipid peroxidation-antioxidant protection system in this metabolic pathology.
FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT, GROWTH AND STRUCTURE OF THE BONES OF DOGS AND CATS
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, Artemiev D. A. , Kozlov S. V. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, Loshchinin S. O. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, Egunova A. V. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov
Published: March 2022

This article is devoted to the systematic and comparative aspects of the phylo - and ontogenetic development, growth and structure of the bones of dogs and cats. We know that bone (lat. os) is a solid organ of humans and vertebrates, consisting of several tissues, the most important of which is bone. The bone performs musculoskeletal and protective functions, is an integral part of the vertebrate endoskeleton, produces red and white blood cells, and stores minerals. Bone tissue is a type of dense connective tissue. Bones come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, depending on the function of the particular bone. There are between 289 and 292 bones in the body of dogs and cats (a range of difference due to the diversity of the caudal vertebrae). Each has a complex structure, so that they are quite light, but at the same time rigid and durable. The bone may include in its structure: bone marrow, endosteum, periosteum, nerves, blood vessels, cartilage. Bones are made up of various bone tissue cells: osteoblasts are involved in the formation and mineralization of bones, osteocytes maintain structure, and osteoclasts provide bone resorption. The mineralized matrix of bone tissue has an organic component mainly from collagen and an inorganic component of bone tissue from various salts. Therefore, the coverage of the features of development, growth and structure of bones, as well as the role of bones in maintaining calcium homeostasis, blood supply and biomechanical aspects in cats and dogs, today is necessary for teachers, practitioners and students.
INFLUENCE OF STRONGYLOIDOSIS INVASION IN FOLTS ON SOME INDICATORS OF LIVER FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Makovsky E. G. , Chernykh O. Yu. , Padilo L. P. , Agoltsov V. A.
Published: March 2022

The diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in foals was established on the basis of clinical signs and the results of copro- and larvoscopic studies using the Darling and Berman-Orlov methods (in the modification of Shcherbovich). For 12 months, blood samples were taken from foals of both groups for biochemical analysis. Studies of the amount of total protein in blood serum were carried out by the biuret method, the amount of urea - by reaction with diacetyl monooxime, uric acid - by reaction with a phosphotungstic reagent (Muller-Seifert method), glucose - by the enzymatic method (enzymatic method with glucose oxidase), the amount of total bilirubin - with the diazonium salt of sulfanilic acid, determination of the activity of blood serum enzymes (AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase and LDH) was carried out using kinetic methods based on the recommendations of the International Clinical Federation (IFCC), the ratio of protein fractions (albumin) - by electrophoretic separation of proteins on agarose for determination of indicators of the functional activity of the liver in foals was formed according to the principle of conditional analogues 2 groups of one-month-old animals: experimental - foals spontaneously infected with strongyloidiasis; control - clinically healthy foals. Monthly during the year, blood samples were taken from them, in which the content of total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, urea, uric acid, glucose, as well as the activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were determined. The infested foals in the blood serum showed a decrease in the amount of total protein and albumin fraction, high levels of bilirubin, urea, uric acid, glucose, and an increase in the activity of AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase and LDH. Changes in the studied parameters persisted throughout the entire period of research, but the most significant deviations were noted in foals at the age of seven and eight months. Deviations from the norm in the main indicators characterizing the functional activity of the liver in foals of the experimental group indicate damage to hepatocytes, a violation of the synthetic and secretory functions of the liver.
ENDOPHYTIC PROPERTIES OF STRAINS OF MICROORGANISMS MICROBACTERIUM OXYDANS ZB11 AND PAENIGLUTAMICIBACTER SULFUREUS ZB48 ON FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM
Authors:   Tatar NIISH - separate structural subdivisions of the Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makovsky E. G. , Chernykh O. Yu. ,   Tatar NIISH - separate structural subdivisions of the Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prishchepenko E. A. ,   Tatar NIISH - separate structural subdivisions of the Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Agoltsov V. A. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov
Published: March 2022

Soil pollution as a result of intensive exploitation by mining companies creates a serious problem for animal health, obtaining environmentally friendly products. Among the metals that are classified as heavy, there are elements that adversely affect the body of humans and animals, inhibiting enzymatic activity, and having cumulation properties, up to toxic indicators, resulting in large-scale functional disorders. Livestock products contaminated with heavy metals also cause pathologies in humans, leading to respiratory, nervous, oncological and other diseases. Soil remediation costs are very expensive. Recently, bioremediation and phytoremediation have become innovative, cost-effective and safe methods of soil recovery from heavy metals. A combination of these methods has been adopted as a synergistic tool for soil restoration. The priority is the search for effective bacteria that promote plant growth, which serve as a biofertilizer, a bioremediation microbe, and also have endophytic properties. This helps metal-absorbing bacteria enter the plant and these plants can be easily uprooted to remove most heavy metal contaminants. The endophytic properties of microbes are selective depending on the host plant. To study the endophytic properties, we used the microorganisms Microbacterium oxydans ZB11 and Paeniglutamicibacter sulfureus ZB48. Fagopyrum esculentum was treated with strains of microorganisms Microbacterium oxydans ZB11 and Paeniglutamicibacter sulfureus ZB48, which exhibit endophytic properties on LB medium. The strain Microbacterium oxydans ZB11 showed endophytic activity on the root and stem. Paeniglutamicibacter sulfureus ZB48 showed endophytic activity on roots and stems 4 cm above the basal stem, showing good endophytic activity compared to Microbacterium oxydans ZB11. We report the endophytic properties of Microbacterium oxydans ZB11 and Paeniglutamicibacter sulfureus ZB48 on buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). Fagopyrum esculentum is known as a good plant for phytoremediation.
MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS WHEN USING PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT "BELKOFF-M"
Authors:   ussian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Karimova V. M.
Published: March 2022

The disclosure of the genetic potential and milk productivity of cows of the Holsteinized Black-and-White breed largely depends on the use of certain feeding factors. The lack of protein and the imbalance of its quality indicators, the lack of amino acids in diets is one of the most important problems in feeding dairy cattle in modern animal husbandry. The synthesis of microbial protein in the rumen is limited and provides only up to 50% of the cows' protein needs, the remaining 50% must be supplied to the animal's body with protein that is not degradable in the rumen. But, since traditional feeds have a low content of it, it is necessary to enrich the main diet with high-protein supplements. To solve this problem, we used the method of introducing into the diet of cows of the experimental group an additive with a "protected" protein - "Belkoff-M". The study was conducted on the basis of the dairy complex LLC "Modern Agrotechnologies" "Ryzhovo" of the Moscow region, Podolsky district, the village of Babenki. 20 dairy cows of the Holsteinized Black-and-White breed were selected by the method of pair-analogues, taking into account the breed, age, live weight, productivity and date of the last calving. Animals received the same diet in the preliminary period. By the beginning of the experiment, the lactation period of cows ranged from 123 to 215 days. Then they were divided into two groups, one of which received a protein supplement instead of part of the feed. The results in the groups were determined in accordance with the data of control milkings and chemical analysis of milk on the 19th, 47th and 76th day of the experiment. Studies have shown the effectiveness of the protein supplement "Belkoff-M" in feeding highly productive cows. Was reduced part of the feed in the diet and increased the amount of non-degradable protein in the rumen. Thus, it was possible to reduce the exorbitant level of cleavable protein, which ultimately led to the normalization of metabolic processes in the animal body and an increase in the productivity of cows.
EFFICIENT FEEDING IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Bychkov A. V. , Yumaguzina S. R. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin
Published: March 2022

Lack of feed resources is a common problem that limits the development of livestock production. Various cataclysms, such as floods, droughts, lead to a shortage of food and feed. Among all cataclysms, drought is the main destructive natural disaster, leading to significant loss of vegetation. On average, about 30-40% of the cultivated area in areas affected by drought. Also, drought causes another type of loss when the growth rate of plants is limited. In such conditions in the regions, there is an acute shortage of feed and fodder. Therefore, there is a need to develop feeding strategies for keeping animals to ensure their development and productivity. Feeding strategies during times of scarcity depend on the specific conditions prevailing in any particular area. In general, the farmer must make decisions based on economics, knowledge of nutrition, availability of forage resources in difficult climatic conditions. Technological issues of feed preparation cannot be considered in isolation from the processes of digestion and metabolism in the animal body. Canned and treated with chemicals and other substances have specific nutritional properties and affect the animal's body, milk production and weight gain in different ways. However, if used incorrectly, they have a negative impact on the physiological state of the animal organism, productivity and viability. When characterizing feeds in this work, considerable attention is paid not only to the concentration of various substances in the feed, but also to their effect on the productivity of animals.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE TIMING OF THE OPENING OF SUMMER-AUTUMN AMATEUR AND SPORTS HUNTING FOR WATERFOWL IN THE NORTH OF THE LOWER VOLGA
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Samsonov E. V. , Shikhranov S. G. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Samsonova A. M. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov
Published: March 2022

In accordance with Russian legislation, the timing of hunting for game birds can be adjusted at the regional level. Biological justification can be crucial in determining the timing of the hunt, namely the timing of the start and end of the hunting season. Based on the registration of waterfowl, a biological justification for the timing of the opening of hunting in the summer-autumn and autumn-winter seasons is given. The studies were carried out in the Saratov region in the water area of the Volga River (Volgograd reservoir). A total of 7 surveys were carried out, the total length of the survey routes was 100.6 km. The dominant species in the brood period is the mallard. Shares of recorded birds: mallard (Anas platyrhynchos L, 1758) - 96.6%, coot (Fulica atra L, 1758) - 2.5%, teal-cattle (Anas querquedula L, 1758) - 0.9%. The beginning of the mallard incubation period in 2020 is the first decade of May. The period of mass incubation of masonry by mallards is from the third decade of May to the second decade of June. The first mallard chicks appeared in the third decade of May. From the second decade of June to the second decade of July - the period of mass appearance of mallard chicks. The proportion of non-flying young mallards in the second decade of August was 33.3%, in the third decade of August - 28.3%. The end of the period of mass rise of young mallards "on the wing" took place in the first ten days of September, the proportion of non-flying young mallards in this period amounted to 4.3%. The increase in the number of mallards in the second and third ten days of July amounted to 142.0%. The beginning of the migratory summer-autumn period of 2020 (for species that do not tend to nest in the study area) fell on the first ten days of September. Biologically substantiated period for the opening of hunting in the summer-autumn and autumn-winter season is the first ten days of September (the share of non-flying young animals is less than 10%).
DIGITAL MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF RETAINING DAMS FOR SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Fyarid Kinzhaevich Abdrazakov , Vladimir Georgievich Degtyarev ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Georgy Vladimirovich Degtyarev ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin
Published: March 2022

In a number of regions, fresh water is becoming a strategic resource. The plans for the development of regions depend on its quantity: agriculture, industry, cities and tourism. In some regions, the lack of fresh water directly hinders development, and this negative trend is only getting worse from year to year. However, there is fresh water as a renewable natural resource in the regions, but it is distributed extremely unevenly throughout the year. On average, the total amount of precipitation per year is about 1500 mm in the mountainous foothill areas. This amount of water is quite enough to meet all current and short-term needs. But this is on the condition that we can use it, but this is not so. A large volume of natural precipitation runoff flows irrevocably and rather quickly down the mountain slopes and is lost to users. Technological solutions are proposed that allow accumulating the runoff of precipitation by locating systems of underground and above-ground reservoirs in mountainous areas. Such a formulation of the issue will allow solving many interrelated issues that ultimately contribute to the development of the regions as a whole and in a comprehensive manner. But just understanding the possibility at the present stage of development of technical and technological means for the implementation of such complex tasks is not enough. Scientific support is needed from the formulation to the study of specific issues due to their lack of study to date. The aim of the work was to study the vertical stresses in the body of an elevated dam, which is involved as a constructive technological element when the reservoir is located in a mountainous area. The study was carried out on the basis of a numerical experiment on a mathematical model built on a real engineering-geological situation. Using the Midas GTX NX program, numerical data were obtained, a large array of numbers, processed in turn using the wxMaxima program. The mathematical models obtained in this way were subjected to a consistent comprehensive analysis, which resulted in a qualitative analysis, revealing in detail the influence of the factors chosen for the study, such as head in the upstream of the dam and backwater from the downstream side, on the response function, which is taken as the vertical stress arising in the body of the aboveground dam.
LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN FORESTS IN ROSTOV-ON-DON
Authors:   Don State Agrarian University, Novocherkassk, Anna Leonidovna Smityushenko , Inna Vladimirovna Voskoboynikova ,   Don State Agrarian University, Novocherkassk
Published: March 2022

The study of the composition of urban forest plantations in order to increase their productivity is one of the important tasks of forestry. The Rostov region belongs to the sparsely forested area (the forest cover of the territory is only 2.5%), the main part of the plantations (70%) is artificial forests. Taking into account the pace of urbanization, as well as the development of industry and agriculture in a million-plus city, urban forests not only perform the most important sanitary and hygienic functions (protection from wind and dust, noise reduction, soil protection from erosion processes, etc.), but also recreational facility for local residents. To conduct research, we used methods generally accepted in taxation, and the processing and analysis of the results obtained were carried out using the methods of mathematical statistics. This article presents a landscape characteristic of urban forest plantations in Rostov-on-Don: Shchepkinsky forest and Aviator Park. The taxation description of forest stands by sections is given. We determined the composition of plantations and identified the predominant tree and shrub species. The distribution of urban forests by land categories is presented: forest lands covered by forests and not covered by forests, as well as non-forest lands. We have classified plantings into groups: coniferous, hard-leaved and soft-leaved, as well as into age groups (young stands, pole stands, middle-aged, maturing, ripe, overmature). Most of the stands are deciduous species in the growth retardation stage with an age of about 70 years. Analysis of the obtained data shows that in the urban forests of Rostov-on-Don there is a lack of species diversity of tree and shrub vegetation, mainly coniferous plantations, as well as the introduction of introduced flora of both trees and shrubs. For the sustainable development of forest stands, landscape felling and mass planting of young stands are required.
CONTROL OF SEED VIABILITY OF RIVINA HUMILIS L.
Authors:   Samara National Research University named after acad. S. P. Korolev, Natalya Olegovna Roguleva , Nikolai Viktorovich Yankov ,   Samara National Research University named after acad. S. P. Korolev
Published: March 2022

The article presents data on germination, completion, moisture content, morphology and weight of 1000 seeds collected from adult plants of Rivina humilis L. growing in the greenhouse of the Botanical Garden of Samara University. The fruits of this ornamental houseplant were collected in different years of reproduction (from 2013 to 2021). The seeds cleaned from the pericarp were stored in paper bags at room temperature. Express-assessment of seed quality was carried out using the method of digital microfocus radiography. Seed fulfillment ranged from 97 to 100%. No signs of pest infestation or seed damage were found. Seed sizes were measured using the JMicroVision program. The seed diameter changed from 2.76 to 2.93 mm over 9 years, which is consistent with the data of other researchers. The weight of 1000 seeds is characterized by the following range of values: from 3.71 to 4.26 g. The weight of 1000 seeds obtained in the greenhouse of the Samara Botanical Garden is comparable to the weight of 1000 seeds obtained from natural habitats. The seed moisture content was 5.77–8.19% for seeds stored for more than a year and 11.98% for freshly harvested seeds. Seeds remained viable after 9 years of storage, laboratory germination was the higher, the fresher the seeds were. The first seedlings in the seeds of Rivina humilis L. appeared on the 3rd day from the start of the experiment. The highest seed germination rate index was in the 2020 and 2021 samples. Seeds obtained in the greenhouse conditions of the Botanical Garden of Samara University are viable and can be used for seed exchange with other botanical institutions.
EFFICIENCY OF CARE TECHNIQUES ON CORN SOWINGS IN NEW GENERATION AGROTECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khasan Shamsadinovich Tarchokov , Felix Khasanovich Bzhinaev ,   Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Oksana Khasanovna Mataeva ,   Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2022

The results of 3-year data obtained as a result of testing a promising maize hybrid Maisky 260MV bred by the Institute of Agriculture of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in a new generation of agricultural technologies under irrigation conditions of the steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria are presented. The effectiveness of methods of caring for corn crops placed against the background of agricultural technologies of varying intensity has been studied. So, by the end of the growing season of corn, the highest weediness of crops was noted against the background of intensive technology - 350pcs/m2 with the lowest grain productivity - 34.0c/ha. The number of perennial weeds was also 130.0 specimens per 1m2. In the variant with basic agricultural technology, these indicators are reduced: in terms of total weediness of crops to 110.0 weeds/m2, perennials - up to 120.0 pcs/m2 with a grain yield of 42.5 centners/ha. Given the placement of corn crops against the background of intensive agricultural technology, the indicators of technical and economic efficiency increase. Thus, the level of crop cleansing is 73.4% in terms of the total number of weeds, incl. perennial group of weeds dies by 56.2%. This ensures the formation of grain crop production up to 47.6 c/ha and is saved from losses up to 13.6 c/ha of grain compared to the data obtained against the background of the use of extensive agricultural technology. In the variant of the technology of increased intensity (T-4.), these figures are even higher - 95.0% of the death of the total mass of weeds with a corn grain yield of 50.8 c/ha with an additional gain of up to 16.8 c/ha. With a juvenile type of weediness of crops, the technical and economic efficiency was almost the same in different variants of the experiment.
CONJUGATION OF TRAITS OF DIPLOID AND TETRAPLOID RYE VARIETIES
Authors:   All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N. I. Vavilov, Ullubiy Kishtilievich Kurkiev , Kishtili Ullubievich Kurkiev ,   All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N. I. Vavilov
Published: March 2022

Intensive technologies of modern farming dictate the trend of using varieties of a new type, with a whole range of properties. frost-resistant, drought-resistant varieties that are resistant to lodging and adverse weather conditions, fungal diseases, and show high productivity potential and stable yields deserve attention.In our research, we set a goal to study the correlations of morphobiological traits in cultivated rye varieties of different levels of ploidy. The work was carried out at the Dagestan experimental station of VIR, under irrigated conditions, with winter sowing. 12 samples of each ploidy level were taken. The sample consisted of 20 plants. We assessed the morphobiological characteristics of 24 accessions according to the following characteristics: plant height, bushiness (general and productive), spike length, number of spikelets, number of grains, and weight of 1000 grains. Each variety was analyzed and the following statistical indicators were identified: arithmetic mean, arithmetic mean error, coefficient of variation. To identify possible relationships, a correlation analysis of features was carried out. The correlation was considered high when this indicator exceeded the value of ±0.5. The studied samples of rye of all levels of ploidy had correlations of the following morphobiological traits: plant height, general tillering, productive tillering, ear length, number of spikelets, number of grains. There is a strong positive correlation between the number of grains per spike and the number of spikelets per spike.
INFLUENCE OF CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY ELEMENTS ON YIELD AND QUALITY INDICATORS OF POTATO TUBERS OF THE MIDDLE-MAPING VARIETY "BARNA" IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF RNO-ALANIA
Authors:   Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences,, Larisa Petrovna Ikoeva , Oksana Elbrusovna Khaeva ,   North Ossetian State University named after Kost Levanovich Khetagurov
Published: March 2022

The results of studying the effect of microfertilizer "Ultramag Combi" and growth regulator "Regoplant" on productivity and the developed system of their combined use for the production of environmentally friendly potatoes are presented. Field experiments were carried out in 2018-2020. on leached heavy loamy chernozem underlain by pebbles of the forest-steppe zone of North Ossetia-Alania. For all variants of treatment with the growth regulator "Regoplant" and the microfertilizer "Ultramag Combi", an increase in the yield of tubers was obtained. The maximum potato yield was obtained when treated with a tank mix - 22.8 t/ha. The quality indicators of potato tubers (dry matter content, starch, vitamin C) improved markedly in all variants of the experiment compared to the control. The highest content of dry matter (22.6%) and starch (12.7%) was noted when using the tank mixture: Regoplant (25 ml/ha) + Ultramag Combi (0.75 l/ha). The calculation of economic efficiency showed that the costs are paid off in all variants of the experiment, however, the most profitable option turned out to be the treatment with a tank mixture: "Regoplant" (25 ml/ha) + "Ultramag Combi" (0.75 l/ha), where the profitability was 54.4% or 19% more than the control variant, and compared with II and III experimental variants - by 10.2; 7.8% more respectively.
EFFICIENCY OF CHELATED FERTILIZERS IN RUSSIAN AGRICULTURE (ANALYTICAL REVIEW)
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Nina Anatolyevna Pronko , Oksana Pavlovna Kibalnik ,   Russian Research and Design-Technological Institute of Sorghum and Corn, Irina Grigorievna Efremova ,   Russian Research and Design-Technological Institute of Sorghum and Corn, Denis Aleksandrovich Stepanchenko ,   Russian Research and Design-Technological Institute of Sorghum and Corn
Published: March 2022

Reduction of sown area in Russia by the end of the 2020s by 32.35%, including 63.82% of fodder crops, 26.52% of cereals and legumes, 14.85% of vegetables compared to 1990, had a negative impact on the volume of crop production in the country. In addition, the crop industry continues to be very costly, especially with irrigation, its technical equipment has more than halved, and the volume of fertilizer application is 2.6-2.9 times lower than in the European Union and the United States. Under these conditions, in order to increase food production and ensure the food security of the country, it is necessary to further increase the yield of agricultural crops without the use of costly technologies. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to substantiate the possibility of using chelated fertilizers in the cultivation of agricultural crops as a technological complex based on maximum resource and energy saving, environmental safety, and obtaining competitive products to solve the identified problem. The main research method was analytical. The analysis of the results of the study in numerous short-term experiments of about 30 types of chelate fertilizers with different properties, produced mainly by leading domestic firms, was carried out. The article provides an overview of the results of field experiments carried out in various natural and climatic zones of the European part of the Russian Federation - the regions of the Non-Black Earth Region, the forest-steppe, the dry steppe, in the Krasnodar Territory and the Crimea, in which the effect on the yield and quality of grain, fodder, industrial and vegetable crops was established. chelated fertilizers, revealed the mechanism of action and developed rational technologies for their application. It has been proven that the use of chelated fertilizers can increase crop yields, improve the quality of crop production without increasing the cost of the industry.
IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNICAL SERVICE USING VISUALIZATION
Authors:   Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev, Dmitry Alekseevich Rybalkin , Svetlana Valentinovna Chumakova ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Roman Dmitrievich Goncharov ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov
Published: March 2022

Recently, many agricultural organizations have been renewing their fleet of agricultural machinery to increase productivity, replacing old equipment with new ones. The operation of new equipment requires an appropriate level of training of tractor drivers and engineers. Information support and appropriate simulators make it possible to solve this problem for the agro-industrial and economic complexes of the country. Information support consists in the timely issuance of reliable information at different stages during the maintenance of agricultural machinery. This direction is relevant, little studied and requires comprehensive theoretical and practical study. The following persons are involved in the process of visual inspection: the PPO manager, the machine operator responsible for the machine or the chief engineer. The process of visual inspection begins in the driver's cab, regardless of the type of self-propelled equipment. During the visual inspection of the equipment, the movement of the PPO manager is carried out counterclockwise, accompanied by the person responsible for the machine. During the visual inspection process, the PPO manager inspects a limited list of part names. Visual inspection involves assessing the condition of parts without the use of profile tools and disassembly of machine systems. Due to the fact that maintenance is performed in this way, time is saved, and the quality of operations will be at a sufficiently high level. To organize maintenance in augmented reality glasses for each item of equipment, if necessary, a separate application is created for the convenience of the machine operator in working with the interface. The developed system helps the machine operator, engineering engineer, as well as the service department, using an interactive application, to quickly find information about the correct connection of electrical equipment, the necessary tire pressure for certain types of work, follow the established sequence and tightening torque of nuts, wheel fastenings and other operations.
FLUSHING THE LUBRICATION SYSTEM OF TRACTOR ENGINES WITH A COMPOSITION BASED ON USED ENGINE OIL
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute for the Use of Equipment and Oil Products in Agriculture, Valery Vasilyevich Ostrikov , Alexander Viktorovich Koshelev ,   All-Russian Research Institute for the Use of Equipment and Oil Products in Agriculture, Alla Vladimirovna Zabrodskaya ,   All-Russian Research Institute for the Use of Equipment and Oil Products in Agriculture, Valentin Vladimirovich Safonov ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov
Published: March 2022

In lubricating engine oil and on engine parts, depending on the engine operating time, a significant amount of contaminants, resins, oxidation products accumulate, which are deposited in the oil channels of the lubrication system, on the pistons, under the oil scraper rings. Based on the parametric data, a theoretical dependence was constructed to assess the relationship between the characteristics of the oil, an expression was obtained that determines the relationship between compression and oil color in the process of flushing the lubrication system. The differential function of the efficiency of restoring the operational properties of the engine is presented. To solve the existing problem, studies were carried out to simulate the process of removing deposits from the lubrication system with flushing oil. It has been established that used engine oil purified with clarification can be used as the basis for flushing oil. The dependence of the change in the contamination of the surface of the oil pipeline and the content of insoluble sediment in the oil on the time of flushing the lubrication system with purified waste oil has been obtained. A decrease in the contamination of the surface of the oil pipeline from 10 to 7 points and an increase in the content of insoluble impurities in the oil from 0.01% to 0.20% were determined. It was found that the addition of diesel fuel to the purified waste oil in the amount of 3% by volume does not lead to a significant increase in the washing properties of the oil. Additional enrichment of the cleaning mixture, consisting of purified used engine oil, 3% diesel fuel and potassium isopropoxide 3% wt, 3% wt dimethyl sulfoxide, reduces the point of contamination of the oil pipeline surface from 10 to 1 point. It has been established that the introduction of the entire complex of additives into the oil leads to an increase in the content of contamination in the developed oil composition after 40 minutes of washing from 0.01% to 0.45%.
ON THE RESULTS OF THERMAL FATIGUE TESTING OF CAST IRON AND THE EVALUATION OF ITS DURABILITY
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Vasily Vasilievich Chekmarev , Dmitry Anatolievich Nikitin ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov
Published: March 2022

The article notes that at present, despite numerous studies of thermal fatigue, the thermal fatigue strength of cast irons due to stresses in parts made of this material requires additional study. Issues of thermal fatigue strength are especially relevant for such heat-stressed parts of internal combustion engines of autotractor diesel engines as the cylinder head. Of particular importance for these parts in their design and restoration is the ability to predict thermal fatigue strength, which is the main criterion that determines their durability. The article describes an approach to solving the problem of predicting the thermal fatigue strength of cast iron parts based on the data on their stress state and the results of thermal fatigue testing of samples on a specially designed and manufactured installation. The setup consists of two massive plates mounted on racks, between which a sample with a hole was rigidly installed. During the tests, the sample was heated by a special annular furnace to a temperature of 550°C for two minutes, and then cooled with running water through the central hole. A sample bounded on both sides during heating and thermal expansion accumulated residual tensile stresses as a result of relaxation processes and, upon reaching critical values and the appearance of fatigue defects in the form of cracks, ruptured. The proposed mode quite accurately repeats the operating conditions of the heat-receiving surface of the cylinder heads in the area of the intervalve jumpers when changing the operating mode at rated power and subsequent engine shutdown. As a result of the tests, the curves of the number of cycles to failure depending on the achieved stresses were obtained and their approximation was carried out. On the basis of approximating expressions and dependences of "limited durability" under low-cycle loading of parts, the thermal fatigue strength of a part made of cast iron can be predicted when its stress state changes as a result of design changes or after restoration.
BASIS OF STABILIZING THE CUTTING OF WEEDS BY A CULTIVATOR WITH RIGHT- AND LEFT-SIDE SHEETS
Authors:   Dagestan State Agrarian University named after M. M. Dzhambulatov, Suleiman Rashadovich Khabibov , Albina Vagifovna Babaeva ,   Dagestan State Agrarian University named after M. M. Dzhambulatov
Published: March 2022

The materials of the article consider the main problems associated with the overgrowth of weeds in the sown areas of the Republic of Dagestan. The analysis of methods for removing weeds proved the effectiveness of the mechanical method by performing soil cultivation. In order to reduce the energy intensity of the cultivation process, it is proposed to cut weeds at a minimum depth. For this, a new design of the cultivator with right- and left-handed paws was proposed, in which an elastic element is provided to stabilize the cutting depth. Based on the consideration of the process of cutting weeds with a cultivator’s paw, analytical dependencies were derived that provide a connection between the design and technological parameters of the working body of the cultivator with a minimum depth of cutting of weeds of 3-5 cm. field surface irregularities. To confirm the theoretical judgments, field studies of the cultivator of the proposed design and the serial cultivator KPS-4.0 mounted by the MTZ-82 tractor were carried out. In the course of the studies performed, it was found that the standard deviation of the depth of tillage for a serial cultivator was ±0.9÷±1.2 cm, and was higher compared to the values of the square deviation of the depth of tillage ±0.5÷±0, 6 cm experimental cultivator. At the same time, the serial cultivator provides 90% cutting of weeds, while the proposed one cuts 95% of weeds. All of the above allows us to conclude that the proposed cultivator with right- and left-handed paws is effective in tillage.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF SERVICING THE GAS SUPPLY SYSTEM OF A RURAL SETTLEMENT
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Andrey Vladimirovich Povarov , Yury Evgenievich Trushin ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov
Published: March 2022

The current system of maintenance and repair of the gas supply system of a rural settlement in the Saratov region is considered, the complex process of managing this system is shown, its shortcomings are identified, the relevance of automating the processes of managing the maintenance and repair of gas distribution and gas consumption networks by introducing an information management system for maintenance and repair. In the course of the study, a plan for the implementation of an information management system for maintenance and repair was determined, an analysis of its two system “landscapes” was carried out, four proposed stages of introducing business processes of an information management system into the integrated operational service of the gas supply system of a rural settlement of the Saratov region were analyzed. The main technical aspects of the implementation of the stages of implementation of the information management system are developed, on the basis of which its functionality is improved. A scheme for constructing characteristics in the names of positions for operations performed has been developed and applied. The expected effect from the introduction of the information management system “Maintenance and Repair” is determined.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ELEMENTS OF THE WATER BALANCE OF THE SOIL AERATION ZONE AND THE ESTIMATED SOIL LAYER DURING IRRIGATION OF VETCH-OAT MIXTURE
Authors:   Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev, Viktor Vladimirovich Pchelkin , Stanislav Olegovich Vladimirov ,   Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev, Dmitry Igorevich Zyablitsev ,   Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev, Ekaterina Alexandrovna Popova ,   Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev
Published: March 2022

The subject of research is the study of the regularity of changes in the components of the water balance of the aeration zone and the calculated layer, aimed at preserving the fertility of soddy-podzolic soils of the Central Russian province of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia, and obtaining optimally high yields of table carrots. The object of research, the components of the water balance of the aeration zone and the calculated layer, are soddy-podzolic soils and soil moisture of watershed areas associated with the cultivation of table carrots. Experimental studies included field, lysimetric and laboratory experiments carried out in years with different meteorological conditions. In field and lysimetric experiments, as well as in the processing and analysis of experimental materials, the theory of groundwater movement, the water balance method, physical and mathematical modeling, and the theory of mathematical statistics were used. The studies carried out in lysimeters and on the experimental site in 2010-2012 were the basis for obtaining the patterns of changes in the components of the water balance of the aeration zone and the calculated layer during irrigation of the vetch-oat mixture on soddy-podzolic soils. When conducting scientific research on the water balance of the aeration zone and the calculated layer during the irrigation of the vetch-oat mixture on soddy-podzolic soils, the methodology developed at the Department of Agricultural Melioration, Forestry and Land Management of the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev. The relationship between the irrigation norms of the vetch-oat mixture and the moisture content of the calculated layer of soddy-podzolic soil was obtained. The correlation coefficient of the considered values is 0.982+0.067. The relationship between the water consumption of vetch-oat mixture and the moisture content of soddy-podzolic soil of watersheds has been obtained. The correlation coefficient of the considered values is 0.984+0.055.