bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zero‐shot insect detection via weak language supervision
Authors: Feuer Benjamin , Joshi Ameya , Cho Minsu , Chiranjeevi Shivani , Deng Zi Kang , Balu Aditya , Singh Asheesh K. , Sarkar Soumik , Merchant Nirav , Singh Arti , Ganapathysubramanian Baskar , Hegde Chinmay
Published: May 2024

Cheap and ubiquitous sensing has made collecting large agricultural datasets relatively straightforward. These large datasets (for instance, citizen science data curation platforms like iNaturalist) can pave the way for developing powerful artificial intelligence (AI) models for detection and counting. However, traditional supervised learning methods require labeled data, and manual annotation of these raw datasets with useful labels (such as bounding boxes or segmentation masks) can be extremely laborious, expensive, and error‐prone. In this paper, we demonstrate the power of zero‐shot computer vision methods—a new family of approaches that require (almost) no manual supervision—for plant phenomics applications. Focusing on insect detection as the primary use case, we show that our models enable highly accurate detection of insects in a variety of challenging imaging environments. Our technical contributions are two‐fold: (a) We curate the Insecta rank class of iNaturalist to form a new benchmark dataset of approximately 6 million images consisting of 2526 agriculturally and ecologically important species, including pests and beneficial insects. (b) Using a vision‐language object detection method coupled with weak language supervision, we are able to automatically annotate images in this dataset with bounding box information localizing the insect within each image. Our method succeeds in detecting diverse insect species present in a wide variety of backgrounds, producing high‐quality bounding boxes in a zero‐shot manner with no additional training cost. This open dataset can serve as a use‐inspired benchmark for the AI community. We demonstrate that our method can also be used for other applications in plant phenomics, such as fruit detection in images of strawberry and apple trees. Overall, our framework highlights the promise of zero‐shot approaches to make high‐throughput plant phenotyping more affordable.
Taraxerone exerts antipulmonary fibrosis effect through Smad signaling pathway and antioxidant stress response in a Sirtuin1‐dependent manner
Authors: Chen Ziwei , Xie Weixi , Tang Siyuan , Lin Miao , Ren Lu , Huang Xiaoting , Deng Lang , Qian Rui , Wang Zun , Xiong Dayang , Xie Pingli , Liu Wei
Published: May 2024

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treatments are limited, often with severe side effects, highlighting the need for novel options. Taraxerone has diverse biomedical properties, but its mechanism remains unclear. This study investigates taraxerone's impact and the mechanisms involved in bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. After establishing a pulmonary fibrosis mouse model, taraxerone was intraperitoneally injected continuously for 14–28 days. The in vivo antifibrotic and antioxidative stress effects of taraxerone were assessed. In vitro, the influence of taraxerone on transforming growth factor‐β1‐induced myofibroblast transformation and oxidative stress was investigated. Subsequently, quantitative polymerase chain reaction screened the histone deacetylase and Sirtuin family, and taraxerone's effects on SIRT1 were assessed. After SIRT1 siRNA treatment, changes in myofibroblast transformation and antioxidant capacity in response to taraxerone were observed. Acetylation and phosphorylation levels of Smad3 were evaluated. We also examined the binding levels of SIRT1 with Pho‐Smad3 and Smad3, as well as the nuclear localization of Smad2/3. EX527 confirmed SIRT1's in vivo action in response to taraxerone. In vitro experiments suggested that taraxerone inhibited myofibroblast differentiation by activating SIRT1 and reducing oxidative stress. We also observed a new interaction between SIRT1 and the Smad complex. Taraxerone activates SIRT1, enabling it to bind directly to Smad3. This leads to reduced Smad complex phosphorylation and limited nuclear translocation. As a result, the transcription of fibrotic factors is reduced. In vivo validation confirms taraxerone's SIRT1‐mediated antifibrotic effectiveness. This suggests that targeting SIRT1‐mediated inhibition of myofibroblast differentiation could be a key strategy in taraxerone‐based therapy for pulmonary fibrosis.
Cascaded Nanozyme Based pH‐Responsive Oxygenation for Targeted Eradication of Resistant Helicobacter Pylori
Authors: Tong Yue , Liu Qian , Fu Hongli , Han Mengfan , Zhu Hanchen , Yang Kun , Xu Le , Meng Meng , Yin Yongmei , Xi Rimo
Published: May 2024

Nanozymes, as substitutes for natural enzymes, are constructed as cascade catalysis systems for biomedical applications due to their inherent catalytic properties, high stability, tunable physicochemical properties, and environmental responsiveness. Herein, a multifunctional nanozyme is reported to initiate cascade enzymatic reactions specific in acidic environments for resistant Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) targeting eradication. The cobalt‐coated Prussian blue analog based FPB‐Co‐Ch NPs displays oxidase‐, superoxide dismutase‐, peroxidase‐, and catalase‐ mimicking activities that trigger • and H2O2 to supply O2, thereby killing H. pylori in the stomach. To this end, chitosan is modified on the surface to exert bacterial targeted adhesion and improve the biocompatibility of the composite. In the intestinal environment, the cascade enzymatic activities are significantly inhibited, ensuring the biosafety of the treatment. In vitro, sensitive and resistant strains of H. pylori are cultured and the antibacterial activity is evaluated. In vivo, murine infection models are developed and its success is confirmed by gastric mucosal reculturing, Gram staining, H&E staining, and Giemsa staining. Additionally, the antibacterial capacity, anti‐inflammation, repair effects, and biosafety of FPB‐Co‐Ch NPs are comprehensively investigated. This strategy renders a drug‐free approach that specifically targets and kills H. pylori, restoring the damaged gastric mucosa while relieving inflammation.
High‐Throughput Growth of Armored Perovskite Single Crystal Fibers for Pixelated Arrays
Authors: Li Cuicui , Ye Xin , Jiang Jinke , Guo Qing , Zheng Xiaoxin , Lin Qinglian , Ge Chao , Wang Shuwen , Chen Jiashuai , Gao Zeliang , Zhang Guodong , Tao Xutang , Liu Yang
Published: May 2024

The poor machinability of halide perovskite crystals severely hampered their practical applications. Here a high‐throughput growth method is reported for armored perovskite single‐crystal fibers (SCFs). The mold‐embedded melt growth (MEG) method provides each SCF with a capillary quartz shell, thus guaranteeing their integrality when cutting and polishing. Hundreds of perovskite SCFs, exemplified by CsPbBr3, CsPbCl3, and CsPbBr2.5I0.5, with customized dimensions (inner diameters of 150–1000 µm and length of several centimeters), are grown in one batch, with all the SCFs bearing homogeneity in shape, orientation, and optical/electronic properties. Versatile assembly protocols are proposed to directly integrate the SCFs into arrays. The assembled array detectors demonstrated low‐level dark currents (< 1 nA) with negligible drift, low detection limit (< 44.84 nGy s−1), and high sensitivity (61147 µC Gy−1 cm−2). Moreover, the SCFs as isolated pixels are free of signal crosstalk while showing uniform X‐ray photocurrents, which is in favor of high spatial resolution X‐ray imaging. As both MEG and the assembly of SCFs involve none sophisticated processes limiting the scalable fabrication, the strategy is considered to meet the preconditions of high‐throughput productions.
Erin Mason: Thriving while navigating life's challenges
Authors: D’Orio Wayne
Published: May 2024

If you happened to wander down the Delaware hallway at this year's AACRAO meeting around 9:30 a.m. April 9th, you might have spotted the most vulnerable moment of the conference. At a session cheekily titled “80 years of mistakes and how to avoid them,” Erin Mason was telling the packed room about the emotional journey she's taken across four jobs and three states.
In situ Crystallization of Methanesulfonic Acid, CH3SO3H, and Serendipitous Single Crystal Formation of its Anhydride, (CH3)2S2O5
Authors: van Gerven David , Mertens Alisha , Eppers Katrin , Nickelsen Jasper , Wickleder Mathias S.
Published: May 2024

Methanesulfonic acid, CH3SO3H, has been crystallized using an in situ technique on a single crystal diffractometer. The crystal structure is monoclinic (P21/c, Z=4, a=842.07(4) pm, b=582.20(3) pm, c=820.38(4) pm, β=106.459(2)°) and stamped by the presence of strong hydrogen bonds. Single crystals of the anhydride of methanesulfonic acid, (CH3)2S2O5, formed as a side product in the reaction of bis‐trimethylsilyl‐sulfate, [(CH3)3SiO]2SO2 with SO3 in a sealed glass ampoule. The monoclinic crystal structure (P21/n, Z=12, a=1794.5(2) pm, b=831.75(7) pm, 1383.4(1) pm, β=110.630(4)°) shows three crystallographically different (CH3)2S2O5 molecules in the unit cell. According to the orientation of the CH3 groups with respect to each other the (CH3)2S2O5 molecule appears as the so‐called trans‐conformer. The structure of both molecules is corroborated by quantum mechanical DFT calculations.
A preliminary study of roxadustat in the treatment of aplastic anemia patients with inadequate erythroid responses
Authors: Shi Yimeng , Zhao Yufei , Liang Weiru , Zhang Baohang , Kang Rui , Yang Wenrui , Zhao Xin , Zhang Fengkui
Published: May 2024

Some aplastic anemia(AA) patients only have partial hematological responses after immunosuppressive therapy. Failure to achieve complete normalization of blood counts, particularly hemoglobin, will reduce their quality of life. This open-label pilot study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of roxadustat in this setting. A total of 14 patients with AA who had inadequate erythroid response after immunosuppressive therapy were included in the study. The primary efficacy endpoint was hemoglobin response at week 8 after roxadustat treatment. The median duration of roxadustat therapy was 14 (4–30) weeks, with 12 patients receiving roxadustat for ≥ 8 weeks. At week 8, nine patients (9/14, 64.3%) had their hemoglobin rising for at least 15 g/L, with two patients (2/14, 14.3%) achieving normal hemoglobin levels. By the last follow-up, hemoglobin responses were observed in 10 patients (10/14, 71.4%), with 4 patients(4/14, 28.6%) having normal hemoglobin levels. Roxadustat was tapered or discontinued in four responded patients; one relapsed after 12 weeks of tapering, and three maintained their response. Four patients (4/14, 28.6%) experienced mild adverse effects during therapy. Roxadustat is safe and well tolerated by patients with AA. Treatment with the hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor improves hemoglobin levels in AA patients with inadequate erythroid responses.
Effects of Thickening Agents on the Mucociliary Transport Function: Comparison by the Type of Thickening Agents and the Viscosity of Thickened Water
Authors: Matsumura Erika , Nohara Kanji , Fukatsu Hikari , Tanaka Nobukazu , Fujii Nami , Sakai Takayoshi
Published: May 2024

Thickening agents effectively prevent liquid aspiration, but their impact on the ease of discharging aspirated liquids from the trachea remains unclear due to alterations in the physical properties of liquids. This study clarifies the effects of thickening agents, comprising various raw materials, on mucociliary transport function, focusing on the viscosities of thickened waters. The subjects were 23 healthy adults. Five types of saccharin solution were prepared: a solution without a thickening agent, a starch-based nectar-like solution, a starch-based honey-like solution, a xanthan-gum-based nectar-like solution, and a xanthan-gum-based honey-like solution. Using these five types of saccharin solutions randomly, each subject underwent five trials of the saccharine dye test to evaluate the mucociliary transport function of the respiratory tract. The saccharin time was defined as the time from the placement of the saccharin solution on the nasal vestibule of the subject to when the subject reported that they became aware of the sweetness. The saccharin transit times for all samples of thickened water were longer compared to those of water without a thickening agent (p < 0.01). A comparison between thickened water samples with different viscosities showed that the saccharin transit time was longer when thickened water samples with high viscosity were prepared using the same thickening agent (p < 0.01). This suggests that while thickening reduces aspiration, the use of thickening agents may increase the difficulty in discharging aspirated fluids from the trachea.
Validation and responsiveness of the English version of the Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia Distress Scale (CADS) in breast cancer patients
Authors: Kraehenbuehl L. , Kang D. , Bang A. S. , Ketosugbo K. F. , Hay J. , Patil Sujata , Goldfarb S. , Cho J. , Lacouture M. E.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to validate the Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia Distress Scale (CADS) in a diverse English-speaking population and patients with endocrine treatment-induced alopecia (EIA).

Objective

Chemotherapy and endocrine therapy commonly cause alopecia in breast cancer patients, leading to significant psychological and social challenges. The CADS was developed to assess the psychosocial impact of alopecia, but its generalizability beyond Korean patients requires further investigation.

Methods

Data from the CHANCE study (NCT02530177), which focused on non-metastatic breast cancer, was used. The cohort included 256 patients, and CADS data were collected at baseline, 6 months after chemotherapy completion, or 12 months after initiating endocrine therapy. The CADS questionnaire comprised 17 items covering physical and emotional health, daily activities, and relationships. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, and responsiveness was measured by effect size.

Results

The CADS exhibited good reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.91 for the overall score, indicating acceptable internal consistency in both chemotherapy (0.89) and endocrine therapy (0.86) groups. Longitudinal responsiveness was supported by an effect size of 0.49 between decreasing satisfaction with hair growth and increasing emotional distress. Cross-sectional validity was confirmed, with effect sizes of 0.91 and 0.92 for satisfaction with hair growth and emotional and activity domains, respectively.

Conclusion

The CADS is a valid and responsive tool for assessing the psychosocial impact of chemotherapy-induced alopecia and endocrine treatment-induced alopecia in a diverse Western patient population.
Predicting first time depression onset in pregnancy: applying machine learning methods to patient-reported data
Authors: Krishnamurti Tamar , Rodriguez Samantha , Wilder Bryan , Gopalan Priya , Simhan Hyagriv N.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To develop a machine learning algorithm, using patient-reported data from early pregnancy, to predict later onset of first time moderate-to-severe depression.

Methods

A sample of 944 U.S. patient participants from a larger longitudinal observational cohortused a prenatal support mobile app from September 2019 to April 2022. Participants self-reported clinical and social risk factors during first trimester initiation of app use and completed voluntary depression screenings in each trimester. Several machine learning algorithms were applied to self-reported data, including a novel algorithm for causal discovery. Training and test datasets were built from a randomized 80/20 data split. Models were evaluated on their predictive accuracy and their simplicity (i.e., fewest variables required for prediction).

Results

Among participants, 78% identified as white with an average age of 30 [IQR 26–34]; 61% had income ≥ $50,000; 70% had a college degree or higher; and 49% were nulliparous. All models accurately predicted first time moderate-severe depression using first trimester baseline data (AUC 0.74–0.89, sensitivity 0.35–0.81, specificity 0.78–0.95). Several predictors were common across models, including anxiety history, partnered status, psychosocial factors, and pregnancy-specific stressors. The optimal model used only 14 (26%) of the possible variables and had excellent accuracy (AUC = 0.89, sensitivity = 0.81, specificity = 0.83). When food insecurity reports were included among a subset of participants, demographics, including race and income, dropped out and the model became more accurate (AUC = 0.93) and simpler (9 variables).

Conclusion

A relatively small amount of self-report data produced a highly predictive model of first time depression among pregnant individuals.
Five-year follow-up of the iBerry Study: screening in early adolescence to identify those at risk of psychopathology in emerging adulthood
Authors: Bouter D. C. , Ravensbergen S. J. , de Neve-Enthoven N. G. M. , Zarchev M. , Mulder C. L. , Hoogendijk W. J. G. , Roza S. J. ,   ESPRi Consortium, van Beek Wim , Hagestein-de Bruijn Carla , Kouijzer Mirjam E. J. , de Ridder Alex J. M. , van ’t Hooft-Nguyen Chi M. , Veen Natalie D. , Michielsen Philip J. S. , de Jong Mark H. , Grootendorst-van Mil N. H.
Published: May 2024

The iBerry Study, a Dutch population-based high-risk cohort (n = 1022) examines the transition from subclinical symptoms to psychiatric disorders in adolescents. Here, we present the first follow-up measurement, approximately 3 years after baseline assessment and 5 years after the screening based on self-reported emotional and behavioral problems (SDQ-Y). We give an update on the data collection, details on the (non)response, and the results on psychopathology outcomes. The first follow-up (2019–2022) had a response rate of 79% (n = 807). Our results at baseline (mean age 15.0 years) have shown the effectiveness of using the SDQ-Y to select a cohort oversampled for the risk of psychopathology. At first follow-up (mean age 18.1 years), the previously administered SDQ-Y remains predictive for selecting adolescents at risk. At follow-up, 47% of the high-risk adolescents showed significant mental health problems based on self- and parent reports and 46% of the high-risk adolescents met the criteria for multiple DSM-5 diagnoses. Compared to low-risk adolescents, high-risk adolescents had a sevenfold higher odds of significant emotional and behavioral problems at follow-up. Comprehensive assessment on psychopathology, substance abuse, psychotic symptoms, suicidality, nonsuicidal self-injury, addiction to social media and/or video gaming, and delinquency, as well as social development, and the utilization of healthcare and social services were conducted. This wave, as well as the ones to follow, track these adolescents into their young adulthood to identify risk factors, elucidate causal mechanisms, and discern pathways leading to both common and severe mental disorders. Results from the iBerry Study will provide leads for preventive interventions.
Iloprost infusion reduces serological cytokines and hormones of hypoxia and inflammation in systemic sclerosis patients
Authors: Pellicano Chiara , Colalillo Amalia , De Marco Oriana , Carnazzo Valeria , Basile Umberto , Gigante Antonietta , Cianci Rosario , Rosato Edoardo
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by microvascular damage of skin and internal organs with chronic hypoxia and release of cytokines and hormones such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) and Klotho. Aim of the study was to evaluate FGF-23, Klotho and NGAL serum levels in SSc patients and healthy controls (HC) and to evaluate serum levels changes of FGF-23, Klotho and NGAL after Iloprost.

Methods

Twenty-one SSc patients and 20 HC were enrolled. In SSc patients, peripheral venous blood samples were collected at the first day before the autumn Iloprost infusion (t0), 60 min (t1) and 14 days after Iloprost infusion (t2).

Results

SSc patients had higher serum level of FGF-23 [18.7 ± 6.4 pg/ml versus 3.6 ± 2.2 pg/ml, p < 0.001], Klotho [5.1 ± 0.8 pg/ml versus 2.3 ± 0.6 pg/ml, p < 0.001] and NGAL [20.9 ± 2.6 pg/ml versus 14.5 ± 1.7 pg/ml, p < 0.001] than HC.

Iloprost infusion reduces serum level of FGF-23 (18.7 ± 6.4 pg/ml versus 10.4 ± 5.5 pg/ml, p < 0.001), Klotho (5.1 ± 0.8 pg/ml versus 2.5 ± 0.6 pg/ml, p < 0.001) and NGAL (20.9 ± 2.6 pg/ml versus 15.1 ± 2.3 pg/ml, p < 0.001) between t0 and t1. The Iloprost infusion reduces serum level of FGF-23 (18.7 ± 6.4 pg/ml versus 6.6 ± 5.1 pg/ml), Klotho (5.1 ± 0.8 pg/ml versus 2.3 ± 0.4 pg/ml) and NGAL (20.9 ± 2.6 pg/ml versus 15.5 ± 1.9 pg/ml) between t0 and t2.

Conclusions

SSc patients had higher FGF-23, Klotho and NGAL than HC. Iloprost reduces serum levels of FGF-23, Klotho and NGAL.
CEO Narcissism and Credit Ratings
Authors: Hou Zehan , Fairchild Richard , Perotti Pietro
Published: May 2024

Prior research has investigated how narcissistic executives affect firm policies and outcomes and how these executives influence colleagues and followers. However, almost no research exists concerning the impact of narcissistic executives on external agents. We examine the case of credit ratings—where analysts are required to assess management competence and where undue management influence is a concern—to determine whether narcissistic CEOs exert an effect on their firm’s rating. Using the size of the CEO’s personal signature to measure narcissism, we find that CEO narcissism is associated with worse credit ratings. This effect is attenuated when firms face greater financial constraints, higher industry competition, and more concentrated institutional ownership. Our study contributes to the growing body of literature on CEO narcissism and suggests that these manipulative individuals are unable to exert an obvious upward influence on credit rating agencies.
Validation of the Hogg Climate Anxiety Scale
Authors: Hogg Teaghan L. , Stanley Samantha K. , O’Brien Léan V.
Published: May 2024

As one of the biggest environmental and equality challenges of our time, climate change is causing some people to experience climate anxiety. To address the need for valid and reliable measurement of this construct, we adapted the Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale to measure climate anxiety in the United Kingdom (n = 501) and United States (n = 508). In both samples, we found the Hogg Climate Anxiety Scale (HCAS) was comprised of four dimensions: affective symptoms, behavioural symptoms, ruminative thoughts, and anxiety about one’s personal impact. The four-factor HCAS fit the data well, showed measurement invariance in these two samples, and all dimensions were internally consistent. Importantly, we also provide evidence for convergent validity by demonstrating that HCAS scores were positively correlated with an alternative measure of eco-anxiety and a more general indicator of worry in one’s daily life. The dimensions of the HCAS also showed distinct associations with theoretically related constructs, for example only personal impact anxiety and rumination were significant predictors of taking collective action on climate change, and personal impact anxiety was distinctly predictive of climate inequality beliefs. We recommend the HCAS as a brief (13 item) measurement tool to capture experiences of climate anxiety.
Synthesis and characterization of BaIrO3-doped YBCO superconducting thin films via TFA-MOD technique
Authors: Bektas Murat , Birlik Isil , Celik Erdal
Published: May 2024

High-temperature superconducting materials (HTS) are characterized by remarkably high critical current density (Jc) values when exposed to low temperatures and magnetic fields. In the realm of such investigations, various crystalline imperfections, including finely dispersed non-superconducting phases, dislocations, vacancies, grain boundaries, twin boundaries, antiphase boundaries, and insulating regions within grain boundaries, have been recognized as potential sources of pinning centers. However, it is essential to acknowledge that Jc values experience a rapid decline as the temperature rises in the presence of a magnetic field. The primary contributing factors to this decline are attributed to the intrinsic crystalline anisotropy of HTS materials and the thermal fluctuations that prevail at elevated temperatures. Nevertheless, a noteworthy factor in the diminishment of Jc values is the scarcity of efficacious pinning centers. In response to these challenges, a pioneering technology has emerged, revolving around nanostructure engineering for the deliberate creation of artificial pinning centers within HTS materials. In alignment with this approach, the present study endeavors to augment the critical current density and enhance the flux pinning properties of YBa2Cu3O6.56 (YBCO) superconducting films. This augmentation is achieved through the integration of BaIrO3 (BIO) perovskite nanodots, nanorods, or nanoparticles as strategically positioned pinning centers. The films are deposited on a SrTiO3 (STO) substrate employing the Trifluoroacetate Metal–Organic Deposition (TFA-MOD) technique. This research initiative seeks to contribute to the advancement of knowledge regarding the controlled manipulation of artificial pinning centers in HTS materials, particularly focusing on YBCO thin films, with the ultimate goal of enhancing their performance under the influence of elevated magnetic fields.
The relationship between high growth expectations and new venture creation in nascent entrepreneurs: The key role of competitive innovation
Authors: Mohand-Amar Sufia , Fuentes-Fuentes María del Mar , Ruiz-Arroyo Matilde
Published: May 2024

New venture creation is a long and complex process that requires significant personal effort. In this study, we analyse how high growth expectations influence new venture creation in nascent entrepreneurs. In addition, we aim to investigate the impact of competitive innovation on new venture creation through the mechanism established between high growth expectations and entrepreneurial effort. Drawing on a sample of 495 nascent entrepreneurs from PSED II, our results show that high growth expectations indirectly influence the creation of a new firm through nascent entrepreneurial effort. Furthermore, the competitive innovation of nascent entrepreneurs exhibits a positive relationship with new venture creation, facilitated by the relationship between high growth expectations and entrepreneurial effort. These results contribute to a better understanding of the role that high growth expectations play in the nascent entrepreneurial process and how competitive innovation and growth expectations explain the creation of a new firm.
Advancements in the Management of Synchronous Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Comprehensive Review of Surgical, Systemic, and Local Treatment Modalities
Authors: Karaoğlan Beliz Bahar , Öz Diğdem Kuru , Araz Mine Soylu , Akyol Cihangir , Utkan Güngör
Published: May 2024

Purpose of Review

This review addresses the current landscape of colorectal cancer (CRC) with a focus on liver metastases, the third most common cancer globally. It explores recent findings in treatment strategies, emphasizing the dynamic interplay between surgery, systemic chemotherapy, and local therapies for synchronous colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs).

Recent Findings

Highlighting the role of advanced imaging, the review underscores the significance of contrast-enhanced MRI in surgical planning for CRLMs. Surgical resection remains a primary choice for resectable cases, with considerations for oncologic scoring systems and tumor biology. Perioperative systemic chemotherapy plays a pivotal role, especially in conversion therapy for initially unresectable CRLMs. The review also explores various local therapies, including radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, stereotactic body radiotherapy, hepatic arterial infusional chemotherapy, selective internal radiation therapy, and transarterial chemoembolization for unresectable cases.

A comprehensive approach, integrating surgery, systemic chemotherapy, and local therapies, is crucial for managing synchronous CRLMs. Surgical resection and perioperative chemotherapy are key players, guided by considerations of tumor biology and scoring systems. For unresectable cases, local therapies offer viable alternatives, emphasizing the need for tailored treatments. Multidisciplinary collaboration among medical oncologists, surgeons, and radiologists is essential. Ongoing research will refine treatment approaches, while emerging technologies hold promise for further advancements in managing colorectal liver metastases.
Two Sides of the Coin: Unveiling the Socioeconomic Impacts of Land Expropriation on Kigali Residents
Authors: Baffoe Gideon , Manirakiza Vincent , Uwayezu Ernest
Published: May 2024

In a bid to become global cities and centers of innovation, many African cities have embraced rapid physical transformation as the default urban development paradigm. However, this development mantra is exacting a significant social cost. At the core of this physical transformation lies land expropriation, granting governments the power to accumulate land in the name of public interest. Focusing on Kigali as a case study and employing the livelihood asset framework and snowball sampling technique, we examine the impact of land expropriation on asset endowment and the well-being of affected individuals. Results reveal a complex picture. Expropriation dispossesses individuals of their primary productive livelihood assets – physical, financial, and social – leading to impoverishment. This practice not only risks exacerbating the poverty cycle but also undermines Kigali's reputation as a "Model City of Africa." Rebuilding these assets has proved challenging for most, with insufficient compensation often used for subsistence rather than productive activities. To cope with the new life, livelihood diversification emerges as the primary resilience-building strategy. However, the study reveals that expropriation does not always result in the deprivation of productive assets. In cases where individuals receive adequate compensation, expropriation appears to facilitate social mobility through improved housing and investments in profitable ventures. Nonetheless, expropriation, the study concludes, yields significant and varied socio-economic impacts, and addressing these would require integrated and multifaceted measures. We advocate for a revised compensation package by the government to mitigate asset deprivation. Additionally, we recommend government investment in affordable housing, alternative livelihood options, promotion of participatory planning, facilitation of capital acquisition for small-scale businesses, and coaching for affected property owners on investment strategies and livelihood reconstitution post-expropriation.
Lewis Carroll y Apuleyo. Alicia/Psique en el País de las Maravillas: una catábasis sui géneris
Authors: Díaz Gito Manuel Antonio
Published: May 2024

This paper attempts to interpret Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland as an example of the classical motif of the ‘katabasis’ or descent into the Underworld, a descensus ad Inferos sui generis, conditioned by having its origin as a fairy tale intended for the entertainment of a child reader (descensus ad Terram Mirabilem): this tale would have as its matrix reference the similar vicissitude of Psyche in the ‘tale of the marriage of Cupid and Psyche’ from the Metamorphoses or The Golden Ass by the Roman author Apuleius.
Different reactions of wheat, maize, and rice plants to putrescine treatment
Authors: Rahman Altafur , Kulik Eszter , Majláth Imre , Khan Imran , Janda Tibor , Pál Magda
Published: May 2024

Polyamines play an important role in growth and differentiation by regulating numerous physiological and biochemical processes at the cellular level. In addition to their roborative effect, their essential role in plant stress responses has been also reported. However, the positive effect may depend on the fine-tuning of polyamine metabolism, which influences the production of free radicals and/or signalling molecules. In the present study, 0.3 mM hydroponic putrescine treatment was tested in wheat, maize, and rice in order to reveal differences in their answers and highlight the relation of these with polyamine metabolism. In the case of wheat, the chlorophyll content and the actual quantum yield increased after putrescine treatment, and no remarkable changes were detected in the stress markers, polyamine contents, or polyamine metabolism-related gene expression. Although, in maize, the actual quantum yield decreased, and the root hydrogen peroxide content increased, no other negative effect was observed after putrescine treatment due to activation of polyamine oxidases at enzyme and gene expression levels. The results also demonstrated that after putrescine treatment, rice with a higher initial polyamine content, the balance of polyamine metabolism was disrupted and a significant amount of putrescine was accumulated, accompanied by a detrimental decrease in the level of higher polyamines. These initial differences and the putrescine-induced shift in polyamine metabolism together with the terminal catabolism or back-conversion-induced release of a substantial quantity of hydrogen peroxide could contribute to oxidative stress observed in rice.
Building a patient-centred nationwide integrated cardiac care registry: intermediate results from the Netherlands
Authors: Derks Lineke , Medendorp Niki M , Houterman Saskia , Umans Victor A. W. M. , Maessen Jos G. , van Veghel Dennis ,   all Registration Committees of the Netherlands Heart Registration
Published: May 2024

This paper presents an overview of the development of an integrated patient-centred cardiac care registry spanning the initial 5 years (September 2017 to December 2022). The Netherlands Heart Registration facilitates registration committees in which mandated cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons structurally evaluate quality of care using real-world data. With consistent attendance rates exceeding 60%, a valuable network is supported. Over time, the completeness level of the registry has increased. Presently, four out of six quality registries show over 95% completeness in variables that are part of the quality policies of cardiology and cardiothoracic surgery societies. Notably, 93% of the centres voluntarily report outcomes related to open heart surgery and (trans)catheter interventions publicly. Moreover, outcomes after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and pacemaker procedures are transparently reported by 26 centres. Multiple innovation projects have been initiated by the committees, signalling a shift from publishing outcomes transparently to collaborative efforts in sharing healthcare processes and investigating improvement initiatives. The next steps will focus on the entire pathway of cardiac care for a specific medical condition instead of focusing solely on the outcomes of the procedures. This redirection of focus to a comprehensive assessment of the patient pathway in cardiac care ultimately aims to optimise outcomes for all patients.
Caregiver-reported barriers to care for children and adults with Williams Syndrome
Authors: Barnhardt Elizabeth W. , Martens Marilee , Andridge Rebecca , Walton Jennifer
Published: May 2024

Individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) may experience a variety of medical, behavioral, and educational concerns. The primary objective of this study was to assess barriers to health care for patients with WS, primarily using the Barriers to Care Questionnaire (BCQ), and to assess whether various demographic factors are correlated with these barriers. A REDCap survey was distributed using the Williams Syndrome Association Research Registry. 319 caregivers of individuals with WS in the United States completed the BCQ. On the BCQ, lower scores indicate more barriers to care. Younger age was associated with lower scores for both the pragmatics and the skills subscales while lower income levels and increased distances to providers knowledgeable about WS were consistently associated with lower total BCQ scores.
The role of Youtube channel characteristics in shaping followers’ purchase intentions and behavioural engagement: the serial mediation of satisfaction and channel loyalty
Authors: Lombardo Salvatore M.
Published: May 2024

The increasing importance of social media influencers, such as youtubers, in the consumer decision-making process has prompted scholars to study this phenomenon. The literature has demonstrated that not only influencer attributes but also content characteristics impact follower behaviours. However, the activity of influencers continues to be predominantly described as a persuasion process aimed at engaging followers in behaviours desired by brands and influencers. Drawing upon e-service and influencer marketing literature, this study aims to broaden the exploration of the influencer category from an e-service perspective by investigating the role played by the evaluation of youtuber content in determining follower satisfaction and behaviours. The results show that four characteristics of a YouTube channel (information quality, entertainment quality, interactivity, and content originality) determine follower satisfaction. Furthermore, satisfaction and channel loyalty serially mediate the effect of the characteristics on behaviours related to the endorsed brand (purchase intention of sponsored brands) and the influencer channel (purchase intention of influencers’ brands, behavioural engagement). This study provides a new perspective on influencers by portraying them as service providers for both followers, serving as content creators, and for brands, acting as communication partners, rather than merely as persuaders. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Keyword-Level Bayesian Online Bid Optimization for Sponsored Search Advertising
Authors: Majima Kaito , Kawakami Kosuke , Ishizuka Kota , Nakata Kazuhide
Published: May 2024

Bid price optimization in online advertising is a challenging task due to its high uncertainty. In this paper, we propose a bid price optimization algorithm focused on keyword-level bidding for pay-per-click sponsored search ads, which is a realistic setting for many firms. There are three characteristics of this setting: “The setting targets the optimization of bids for each keyword in pay-per-click sponsored search advertising”, “The only information available to advertisers is the number of impressions, clicks, conversions, and advertising cost for each keyword”, and “Advertisers bid daily and set monthly budgets on a campaign basis”. Our algorithm first predicts the performance of keywords as a distribution by modeling the relationship between ad metrics through a Bayesian network and performing Bayesian inference. Then, it outputs the bid price by means of a bandit algorithm and online optimization. This approach enables online optimization that considers uncertainty from the limited information available to advertisers. We conducted simulations using real data and confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method for both open-source data and data provided by negocia, Inc., which provides an automated Internet advertising management system.
Students’ perspectives on using digital tools in programming courses
Authors: Asgari Mohsen , Tsai Fong-Chun , Mannila Linda , Strömbäck Filip , Sadique Kazi Masum
Published: May 2024

As programming emerges as a critical skill in the digital age and digital tools continue to evolve, understanding students’ perspectives on the integration of such technologies into their education is crucial. This empirical study explores the perspectives of students in Sweden and Taiwan on the use of digital tools in their programming courses. The research employs both qualitative and quantitative methods, including correlation analysis and inductive content analysis, to understand students’ perceptions of the usefulness and challenges involved in the application of different digital technologies. The study reveals the importance of immediate feedback, visualization of concepts, online discussion platforms, and programming tools’ tutorials. However, concerns about potential bias in AI grading systems and the need for more time and guidance to become familiar with new technologies are also highlighted. The study provides valuable insights that can guide the development of more user-centered tools for supporting programming education.
Hausärztlich arbeiten in Deutschland und anderswo – Erfahrungsberichte
Authors: Bayer Robert , Gehrmann Jan , Jansky Bianca , Linde Klaus
Published: May 2024

Hintergrund

Die Rahmenbedingungen der Primärversorgung unterscheiden sich zwischen einzelnen europäischen Ländern. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es zu untersuchen, in welcher Hinsicht Systemunterschiede (vorgegebene Faktoren, auf die die einzelnen Hausärzt:innen keinen Einfluss haben) zwischen Ländern die hausärztliche Tätigkeit beeinflussen.

Methoden

Im Rahmen einer qualitativen Interviewstudie wurden 12 Hausärzt:innen, die sowohl in Deutschland als in auch einem anderen Land (Großbritannien, Italien, den Niederlanden oder Norwegen) tätig waren, gefragt, welche wesentlichen Unterschiede sie in ihrer Tätigkeit zwischen Deutschland und dem Vergleichsland wahrgenommen haben. Die Interviews wurden mittels der thematischen Analyse nach Braun und Clarke ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Von den Teilnehmer:innen wurden 3 Themenkomplexe diskutiert: 1) Die starke Gatekeeping-Funktion der Hausärzt:innen in Großbritannien, den Niederlanden und Norwegen führt zu einer größeren medizinischen Bandbreite. In Italien wird die Gatekeeping-Funktion durch verschiedene Faktoren geschwächt. 2) Starke Unterschiede in den Vergütungs- und Abrechnungsmechanismen setzen komplexe Anreize, die sich in vielfältiger und zum Teil negativer Weise auf die hausärztliche Versorgung auswirken. Dies war das am meisten diskutierte Thema. 3) Wenn, wie in den Niederlanden und Norwegen, die Ausstellung von Arbeitsunfähigkeitsbescheinigungen keine hausärztliche Aufgabe ist, führt dies zu weniger als unnötig wahrgenommenen Arztbesuchen.

Schlussfolgerung

Aus Sicht der Teilnehmer:innen sind die Systemunterschiede zwischen den untersuchten Ländern groß und selbst kleinere Regulierungsdetails können erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die hausärztliche Arbeit haben.
Hegel's Theory of Finite Cognition and Marx's Critique of Political Economy
Authors: Ninos Giannis
Published: May 2024

The article examines the role of Hegel's theory of finite cognition in Marx's critique of classical political economy. I argue that Hegel's distinction of finite cognition between analytic and synthetic in the Science of Logic constitutes the methodological framework through which Marx delineates the different stages of the development of political economy. Focusing on the Grundrisse, I reveal the Hegelian influence behind Marx's statements on previous political economists’ methods. Thus, Marx's immanent critique of the classical political economy is construed as undertaken from the level of the systematic dialectical method of Capital, and is modelled on Hegel's immanent critique of analytic and synthetic cognition from the perspective of absolute cognition. In this context, and focusing on Marx's critique of Ricardo's method, I argue that the latter's limitations are associated with the deficiencies of synthetic cognition as presented by Hegel. Therefore, the article sheds light on an important yet underexplored topic of the Hegel-Marx relationship. By indicating the centrality of Hegel's theory of finite cognition in Marx's methodological underpinnings, the article provides a new perspective on Hegel-Marx scholarship.
Linear dynamics of a thick liquid layer subjected to an oblique temperature gradient
Authors: Dixit Ganesh , Bukhari Syed Furqan , Patne Ramkarn
Published: May 2024

The present study aims to demonstrate the application of the oblique temperature gradient (OTG) to manipulate the buoyancy instabilities and resulting mixing. To accomplish this, we consider a model consisting of a liquid layer supported by a perfectly conducting bottom wall from below and the upper surface is exposed to ambient inert gas in a shallow container. The stability analysis employs the pseudospectral method and perturbation energy budget approach. The imposed OTG consists of a negative vertical temperature gradient (VTG), which leads to unstable density stratification, and a negative horizontal temperature gradient (HTG) component responsible for the Hadley circulation, which can be utilised to control instabilities. Without the HTG, a Rayleigh–Bénard mode of instability exists due to the imposed VTG termed as a VTG mode. The imposed HTG induces a linear VTG term and a quintic polynomial VTG term in the bottom wall-normal coordinate

$y$

. The induced linear VTG term reinforces the imposed VTG, while the induced quintic polynomial VTG term opposes the imposed VTG. For the vanishing Biot number (

$Bi$

), the induced quintic VTG term stabilises the VTG mode for the Prandtl number,

$Pr=7$

. However, for

$Pr=0.01$

, the Reynolds stresses associated with the Hadley circulation destabilise the VTG mode. For non-zero

$Bi$

, new streamwise and spanwise instability modes arise for

$Pr=7$

due to the induced linear VTG term. Physical arguments show that the unstable density stratification near the gas–liquid interface caused by the synergistic effect of the imposed VTG and the induced linear VTG term lead to the existence of the predicted new modes. The present study thus shows that the strength of the HTG can be utilised to control the instability modes and critical parameters, thereby demonstrating the utility of the OTG in manipulating the buoyancy instabilities.
Eating out of home in Portugal: characterisation and effects on dietary intake
Authors: Silva Mariana , Rodrigues Sara Simões Pereira , Correia Daniela Macedo , Rei Mariana Correia Castro , Severo Milton , Costa Ana Isabel Almeida , Torres Duarte Paulo Martins , Lopes Carla Maria Moura
Published: May 2024

This cross-sectional study aims to describe and compare energy, nutrient intake and food consumption according to eating location and by age groups using data from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF 2015/2016). Dietary intake was estimated by two non-consecutive days of food diaries (children)/24-h recalls (other age groups), and four eating location categories were defined according to the proportion of meals consumed at out-of-home locations:Home(at least 80 % of meals at home),Other Homes,School or WorkandRestaurants and Other Places. The majority of meals (69·1 %) were consumed at home. Meals were also often taken at school by children and adolescents and in restaurants and similar outlets by adults and elderly. Children and adolescents in theSchool or Workcategory ate more fruit, vegetables and pulses and cereals and starchy tubers, whereas adults in this category ate more red and processed meats, sugar-sweetened beverages and sweets. Compared withHomecategory,Restaurants and Other Placeswas associated with worse diet adequacies among children (β= –1·0; 95 % CI = –2·0, −0·04), adolescents: (β= –2·4; 95 % CI = –3·2, −1·5) and adults (β= –1·3; 95 % CI = –1·6, −1·0) reflecting higher intakes of energy, fat,trans-fatty acids and SFA, and Na. The elderly consumed more free sugars and fat when eating out of home in general. Overall, findings reflect important variation in nutrient profiles by eating location, with meals taken at school or work contributing to higher consumption of nutrient-dense foods and those taken in restaurants and other similar settings implying higher consumption of energy-dense foods.
Repurchases for Price Impact: Evidence from Fragile Stocks
Authors: Massa Massimo , Schumacher David , Wang Yan
Published: May 2024

We highlight an important but overlooked characteristic of financial fragility: “Fragile” stocks command higher liquidity. This reduces their sensitivity to corporate actions with price impact and affects the firms’ incentives to engage in such actions. We show that fragile firms have lower share repurchases, issue more equity, and invest more. We establish causality by relating changes in corporate actions to exogenous changes in fragility induced by mergers of asset managers. Our results suggest that financial fragility has direct but unexpected real implications for corporate actions.