bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water Sustainability through Drainage Reuse in Agriculture – A Case for Collaborative Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Zia Huma
Published: October 2022

With increasing prevalence of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and internet of things (IoT) in agriculture and hydrology, there exists an opportunity for providing a technologically viable solution for the conservation of already scarce freshwater resources. In this chapter, a novel framework is proposed for enabling a proactive management of agricultural drainage and nutrient losses at farm scale where complex models are replaced by in situ sensing, communication, and low complexity predictive models suited to an autonomous operation. This is achieved through the development of the proposed Water Quality Management using Collaborative Monitoring (WQMCM) framework that combines local farm-scale WSNs through an information sharing mechanism. In this chapter, we present the design of a framework for facilitating real-time utilization or disposal of agricultural drainage among farms using collaboration among prevalent farm networks. The basic system architecture comprises modules for environmental learning, prediction of the impact of neighboring events in terms of drainage and nutrients losses, and a local decision support mechanism. The overall functionality of the framework is explored in terms of stages of learning, training, and testing. A network learning model is required to identify flow links of a network with neighboring networks.
CRISPR-Cas9-based Strategies for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Therapy
Authors: Becerra Edgardo , J. Soto Ontiveros Valeria , García‑Alcocer Guadalupe
Published: October 2022

Defeating cancer as leukemia has been an up and down challenge. However, leukemia must be treated from the roots. Nowadays, the CRISPR-Cas9 system provided scientists the ability to manipulate the genetic information to correct mutations, rewrite genetic code, or edit immune cells for immunotherapy purposes. Additionally, such system is used for basic and clinical approaches in leukemia therapy. Lymphoid cancers including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can be treated by performing gene editing or enhancing immune system through CART cells. Here, we present and detail therapeutic applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for immune cell therapy, and knock-out or knock-in of main genes promoting leukemogenesis or ALL progression. We also described current and future challenges, and optimization for the application of CRISPR/Cas9 system to treat lymphoid malignancies.
The Rising Threat of Invasive Alien Plant Species in Agriculture
Authors: Nagabhushan Arun Melekote , Mahender Kumar Rapolu , Sreedevi Banugu , Padmavathi Guntupalli , Revathi Pallakonda , Pathak Neha , Srinivas Dayyala , Venkatanna Boya
Published: October 2022

A species is considered to be invasive if it establishes, persists, and spreads widely inside a natural ecosystem, stunting the growth of native plants and giving them room to overtake crops and native plants. Non-native plant species that have been brought into a new geographic area and have a negative effect on the ecosystems supporting horticulture and agriculture are known as invasive plant species. Invasive/noxious weeds, which are widely distributed in many types of ecosystems, significantly reduce crop production. Compared to native species, invading plant species have a higher potential to move their niche more rapidly and are more likely to adapt to new environments. The timing, speed, and longevity of seed germination have indeed been discovered to change as a result of climate change, which has consequences for plant invasions. More than native plant species, invasive plant species gain from atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment, greenhouse gas emissions, and global warming. A loss of native biodiversity due to invasive species includes species extinction, changes in hydrology, and altered ecosystem function.
The Dynamics of Taro (Colocasia esculenta) through Value Chain Analysis and Crop Accounting in Partido District, Camarines Sur, the Philippines
Authors: A. Onsay Emmanuel , C. Baltar Kevin , R. Galicia Eleanor , Ruzzel C. Pesino Ivan
Published: October 2022

This paper scrutinizes and evaluates the value chain of taro in Partido district, Camarines Sur, the Philippines. Taro (Colocasia Esculenta) is rich in carbohydrates and also a good replacement for wheat flour. However, it is well-known to farmers for its ability to produce a reasonable yield in poor soil conditions with less or no farm inputs. It is this reason why Taro is often grown by resource-limited farmers and regarded as a good source of food security. To tap its full potential, this study was conducted to understand and analyze the flow of Taro. This study employed participatory techniques, crop accounting, and financial analysis. The Taro value chain has varied gender roles, according to this study. It also highlighted why, despite having a choice, farmers frequently chose the less profitable transaction path. It also solved the mystery of low productivity in this locale as compared with the national production. The results also showed the cost build-up of Taro and the profitability of each player in the chain. Farmers usually end up at a 22% profit-to-cost ratio by selling the harvest to the middleman, while sellers usually end up at a 47% profit-to-cost ratio. The existing entry barriers in each chain were also identified with the researchers’ recommendations on how to possibly eliminate or mitigate them. This extensive analysis can be valuable to stakeholders in the Taro value chain in the area, as well as government entity and non-governmental organizations in developing initiatives or projects on behalf of the players.
Saffron Endomycorrhizae: Diversity and Effect on Plant Growth and Corm Formation
Authors: Ourras Samah , El Aymani Ismail , Mouden Najoua , El Gabardi Soumaya , Adnani Manal , Selmaoui Karima , Artib Mariam , Benkirane Rachid , El Modafar Cherkaoui , Ouazzani Touhami Amina , Douira Allal
Published: October 2022

Saffron cultivation is an important alternative for marginalized areas. Due to low soil fertility and low water availability, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are an essential alternative for maintaining fertility and water economy, stimulating growth and protecting plants against soil diseases. Studies on the diversity of endomycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of Crocus sativus in Taliouine (Tinfat), located in Morocco, revealed the impact of age saffron plantations. A greater endomycorrhizal fungi density was recorded in the rhizosphere of saffron plants from plots operated for 2 years (138.66/100 g of soil) over that occupied for 10 years. Seventeen morphotypes of collected spores belong to 5 genera: Glomus (seven species), Acaulospora (seven species), Rhizophagus, Densicitata, and Funneliformis (one species). The weak endomycorrhizal species richness can be explained by the accumulation of C. sativus residues over time and its allelopathic effect. The beneficial effect of composite endomycorrhizal inocula, originating from Moroccan saffron plantations, was obvious in the growth of saffron plants, mother bulb number, the leaves length, root, and vegetative masses. These inocula mycorrhized over time saffron plants’ roots and can sporulate at the level of the rhizosphere of these plants. The use of composite inocula, as biofertilizers, can be one of the solutions for sustainable agriculture.
Effect of Titanium Oxide Nanofluid over Cattaneo-Christov Model
Authors: Khalil Hammad , Zahra Tehseen , Elahi Zaffer , Shahzad Azeem
Published: October 2022

The proposed chapter deals with the study of heat transfer development of titanium oxide nanofluid of platelet shape nanoparticles over a vertical stretching cylinder. The set of nonlinear equations is obtained using suitable transformation on the governing equations that are then solved with numerical scheme BVP4C. The obtained results are interpreted graphically and numerically. The effects of Prandtl, Eckert, and unsteadiness parameters on temperature distribution are depicted. Moreover the skin friction and Nusselt number are also computed.
The Innovation of Six-Dimensional Pooling Risk Framework in Universal Health Insurance Coverage
Authors: Mansour Ashraf
Published: October 2022

This study aims to transform the existing three-dimensional pooling risk framework of the health insurance Bismarck model to finance health promotion, disease prevention, treatment, and palliative health care services, and equity in low-density population districts. A case study design was used to synthesize the health insurance Bismarck model with sustainable development goals (SDGs) 1, 2, 3, 6, and 10, the four types of preventions, universal health coverage (UHC) frameworks, the District Division Administrative Disaggregation Data framework, and others theoretical frameworks. The Precede-Proceed Planning Model was implemented to formulate the six-dimensional pooling risk framework. The innovative cross-subsidization of the framework was developed based on the rich subsidizing the poor, healthy people subsidizing sick people, the young subsidizing the elderly, the healthy people subsidizing for their health promotion, and disease prevention, and high-density population districts subsidizing for equity in low-density population districts. In conclusion, the innovative six-dimensional pooling risk framework of health insurance Bismarck model functions to remobilize health care resources toward the four types of health care services of UHC and equity in low-density population districts. The premium of the model is demanded to transform based on probability of health and illness, and equity in low-density population districts.
Comparative Analysis of Molecular Allergy Features of Seed Proteins from Soybean (Glycine max) and Other Legumes Extensively Used for Food
Authors: Roman-Mateo Andrea , Rodriguez-de Haro Esther , M. Berral-Hens Jose , Morales-Santana Sonia , C. Jimenez-Lopez Jose
Published: October 2022

Food allergies due to eating habits, pollution, and other factors are a growing problem in Western nations as well as developing countries. Symptoms of food allergies include changes in the respiratory and digestive systems. Legumes are a potential solution to the enormous demands for healthy, nutritive, and sustainable food. However, legumes also contain families of proteins that can cause food allergies. Some of these legumes include peanut, pea, chickpea, soy, and lupine. It has been shown that processing can alter the allergenicity of legumes since thermic and enzymatic resistance can affect these properties. Cross-reactivity (CR) is an allergy feature of some allergen proteins when the immune system recognizes part of the common share sequences (epitopes) in these allergic proteins. The research about molecular allergy includes comparisons of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and T-cell epitopes, assessment of three-dimensional structure and comparison of secondary structure elements, post-transduction modifications analysis by bioinformatic approach, and post-transduction modifications affecting epitopes properties may facilitate molecular tools to predict protein allergic behavior establishing prevention measurements that could promote the use of legumes and other seeds. This chapter provides an overview of the structural features of the main allergen proteins from legumes and their allergenic potential.
Remote and Hybrid Working during Crisis: Challenges and Implications for Employee Development in Africa
Authors: Kokt Deseré , Chipunza Crispen
Published: October 2022

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and the associated lockdowns imposed by governments exposed disparities in how organisations on different continents were prepared for unplanned uncertainties. While the global north organisations, with their advanced adoption of 4IR technologies, quickly moved in to find affordable ways to ensure business continuity, adjustments by organisations in the global south were challenged by lack of modern advanced affordable technologies. The abrupt adoption of technologies associated with the fourth industrial revolution [4IR] in the global south meant an increased emphasis on remote working - a concept that has been taboo, especially in South Africa. The adoption meant fitting into a new world of work, which requires agility, re-learning, and de-learning of skills. The chapter aims to unpack the work challenges organisations face in times of crises and what it means for employee development in an African context.
Vestibular Therapy
Authors: Georgescu Madalina
Published: October 2022

Vestibular therapy is a common topic in physicians’ search for updated clinical practice. Early and appropriate vestibular rehabilitation makes a difference in a patient’s outcome. Peripheral vestibular impairments are often unilateral and heterogeneous. For this reason, treatment differs depending on the etiology, the moment from the onset, and the age of the patient. Following issues will be addressed in this chapter: medical treatment in the acute phase and subacute/chronic phase of unilateral vestibular loss; repositioning maneuvers for different types of BPPV; vestibular rehabilitation individualized programs, for vestibular neuritis, otolith dysfunction, visual vertigo, bilateral vestibular loss; virtual reality in vestibular rehabilitation programs; evaluation of vestibular rehabilitation programs; and new research treatment options—vibrotactile Balance Bely and vestibular implant.
Reticulocytes-Mother of Erythrocytes
Authors: Kumar Gupta Ashish , Bhushan Kumar Shashi
Published: October 2022

Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells (RBCs) that is seen in the bone marrow after through nuclear extrusion from the orthochromatic normoblasts. They are released into the peripheral blood as mature RBCs, after completion of maturation in the bone marrow. The reticulocyte count reflects the erythropoietic activity of the bone marrow, the rate of reticulocyte delivery from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood, and the rate of reticulocyte maturation. Reticulocyte enumeration is also of value in monitoring bone marrow regenerative activity after chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation. Manual counting of reticulocytes by light microscopy with supravital dyes for RNA remains the standard method of reticulocyte enumeration. However, automated methods of reticulocyte enumeration developed during the past decade are much more accurate, precise, and cost-effective than manual counting, and are increasingly being performed in the clinical laboratory. The differentiation of the reticulocyte is based on the presence of RNA. The newer techniques provide a variety of reticulocyte related parameters, such as the reticulocyte maturation index and immature reticulocyte fraction, which are not available with light microscopy. These new parameters are under evaluation in the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of hematological disorders.
Medical System to Evaluate the Seventh Cranial Nerve through the Main Facial Mimic Muscles
Authors: Liliana Martínez Angeles Wendy , Guadalupe-Carbajal Arizaga Gregorio , González-Reynoso Orfil , Alberto García-Ramírez Mario
Published: October 2022

Facial palsy is one of the most frequent mononeuropathies expressed in muscular weakness. The condition is produced by lesions in the seventh cranial nerve that causes esthetic, functional, and psychosocial alterations. The disorder has a qualitative diagnosis, and as a consequence, it does hinder the disease timely monitoring. As time is a key factor for the patient’s recovery, we developed a system capable to quantify the condition and/or damage in the seventh cranial nerve. It allows us to provide the best treatment available that offers the best response to each patient. To know the seventh cranial nerve state is possible due to the connections between whole muscular system and neurons. The system quantifies the muscles activity and displays the differential information of both hemifaces. Our proposal features a mask in which an array of sensors is placed across the frontal, zygomatic minor, risorio, zygomatic major muscles of each hemiface. The data collected are analyzed and displayed in a user-friendly interface.
Sustainable Ginger Production through Integrated Nutrient Management
Authors: Divyashree N. , Poojashree S. , Venukumar S. , Vishwanath Y.C.
Published: October 2022

The spice ginger is one of the most extensively used species in the Zingiberaceae family. It is frequently used as a condiment with many different cuisines and drinks. In addition to being used as a spice, it is a key component in both conventional and modern medicine. It strengthens immunity and is a rich source of several minerals and physiologically active compounds. Since it can be grown in a variety of climatic circumstances, the production of this spice has been increasing in most regions of the world. Because it is a nutrient-exhaustive crop that needs an appropriate supply of nutrients at critical stages of its growth in the form of chemical fertilisers or organic manuring, or a combination of both. To obtain excellent quality and quantity of ginger rhizomes as well as protect soil health and environmental quality, effective nutrient management can aid in decreasing the abuse of chemical fertilisers. In this perspective, this chapter aims to depict Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) for the sustainable production of ginger, as INM is a crucial component of sustainable agriculture, which necessitates resource management in a way to satisfy changing human requirements without degrading the quality of the environment and conserving essential natural resources.
Investors’ Greed and Fear: An Event Study of Analyst Recommendations
Authors: (Jenny) Wang Qingxia
Published: October 2022

We investigate the effect of the skewness developed by the CBOE, called SKEW, on investors’ reactions to analyst recommendations. Our results show that the abnormal stock returns around analyst recommendation revisions are closely correlated with contemporaneous SKEW changes. Specifically, positive (negative) abnormal returns following analyst recommendation upgrades (downgrades) are stronger when daily SKEW increases (decreases). A potential explanation for this relation is that SKEW captures investors’ greed (excitement) in the stock market. Similar to the CBOE VIX, SKEW might act as another measure to reflect investors’ moods or sentiments. However, in contrast to VIX, which is usually used as investors’ fear gauge, SKEW is the opposite of investors’ fear, measuring investors’ consensus view of future positive news. Furthermore, we show that the magnitudes of abnormal returns associated with the change in SKEW are larger for the NASDAQ than for the NYSE on recommendation announcement days. This may manifest the different types of firms listed on these two stock exchanges.
Perspective Chapter: Electric Reefs Enhance Coral Climate Change Adaptation
Authors: J. F. Goreau Thomas
Published: October 2022

Survival of coral reefs from globally rising temperature, sea level, and pollution requires new regeneration methods that greatly increase coral growth rates, survival, and resistance to accelerating extreme environmental stresses. Electric (“Biorock”) limestone reefs can be grown in any size or shape, get stronger with age, grow back if damaged, and increase settlement, growth, survival, and stress resistance of all marine organisms examined. Electrified corals survive repeated severe bleaching events when over 90% of corals on nearby reefs die. Electric reefs are open mesh frameworks with more vertical levels of holes and surfaces than natural reefs, which can be grown in places where natural reefs cannot grow due to lack of substrate or unsuitable physical and chemical conditions. They strongly enhance reef physical structure, wave absorption, ecological function, biodiversity, productivity, and habitat and ecosystem services including shore protection, sand generation, and fisheries habitat, even at severely degraded sites where no natural regeneration takes place. Electric reefs, optimized for local needs, provide superior cost-effective options for shore protection, conservation, sustainable mariculture, and regeneration of coastal ecosystems that grow to keep pace with sea level rise. They will provide an essential tool to develop sustainable “Blue Economies.”
Genetic Polymorphisms of Xenobiotics-Metabolizing Enzymes Contributing to Leukemia
Authors: Tebein Entesar , Y. Elderdery Abozer
Published: October 2022

Polymorphisms in xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes have been linked to an increased risk of developing leukemia (XMEs). XMEs are found in all higher organisms and are one of the first lines of defense against environmental chemicals. Toxins, including therapeutic agents, are completely metabolized and eliminated from the body by an enzyme system that is encoded by specific genes. The majority of these genes are polymorphic, and some of the polymorphic forms have altered enzyme activity. Phase I XMEs, such as cytochrome P450s (CYPs), and phase II biotransformation enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferases (GST), UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT), and N-acetyltransferases (NAT), are the most important. The majority of genetic variation discovered during clinical testing is due to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The purpose of this chapter is to highlight information about of some genetic polymorphisms of XMEs, contributing to AML, ALL, CML, and ALL. Several keywords were used to search the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Currently, numerous manuscripts suggested that genetic polymorphisms of XMEs were associated with ALL, CLL AML, and CML susceptibility.
Green Tea and Its Numerous Health Benefits
Authors: Amin Ruhul , Kumar Dey Biplab , El Omari Nasreddine , Bouyahya Abdelhakim , Drouet Samantha , Hano Christophe , Sharifi-Rad Javad
Published: October 2022

Green tea is one of the most popular antioxidant drinks in the world. To make green tea, you must first remove the leaves from Camellia sinensis. A form of tea made from unoxidized green leaves from a tea plantation is called green tea. Several other studies have been undertaken over the past year to evaluate whether consuming green tea and extracts has any health benefits. In order to get the health benefits of green tea, the nutrients in the tea must be absorbed. Green tea’s flavonoids and caffeine, which serve to accelerate the elimination of metabolites, contribute to the antioxidant function of green tea. Cancer, heart disease, and aging appear to be the main diseases to be reduced or prevented by these antioxidants. The pharmaceutical and culinary industries can use green tea due to its high potency and lack of adverse effects. Green tea is touted as a natural remedy for a wide range of health issues. Through this, we can better understand the immediate benefits of green tea. Prescription green tea components are discussed along with their antioxidant, anticancer, and antiviral actions in relation to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
BRCA Biological Functions
Authors: Bhargavi Pulukuri Divya , Babu Penke Vijaya , Jyothi Palati Divya , Raj Pulla Prudvi , Kalakotla Shanker , Lolla Siddhartha
Published: October 2022

BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes encode proteins that have important roles in DNA repair and act as tumor suppressors. Though the sequence and structure of the proteins produced by BRCA1 and BRCA2 are different, they have similar biological activities. Both BRCA gene products are reported to interact with the RAD51 protein, which is essential for DNA repair through homologous recombination. BRCA gene mutations are associated with an increased risk of solid tumors. Their ubiquitously expressed protein products are involved in essential cellular functions. The defect caused by BRCA gene mutations might be leveraged to develop new targeted cancer treatments. This chapter outlines that BRCA1 and BRCA2 have unique roles in the pathways leading to DNA double-strand break repair and clinical findings show that BRCA genes play a crucial role in a variety of biological processes.
Methods for Real-time Emotional Gait Data Collection Induced by Smart Glasses in a Non-straight Walking Path
Authors: Jianwattanapaisarn Nitchan , Sumi Kaoru , Utsumi Akira
Published: October 2022

Emotion recognition is an attractive research field because of its usefulness. Most methods for detecting and analyzing emotions depend on facial features so the close-up facial information is required. Unfortunately, high-resolution facial information is difficult to be captured from a standard security camera. Unlike facial features, gaits and postures can be obtained noninvasively from a distance. We proposed a method to collect emotional gait data with real-time emotion induction. Two gait datasets consisting of total 72 participants were collected. Each participant walked in circular pattern while watching emotion induction videos shown on Microsoft HoloLens 2 smart glasses. OptiTrack motion capturing system was used to capture the participants\' gaits and postures. Effectiveness of emotion induction was evaluated using self-reported emotion questionnaire. In our second dataset, additional information of each subject such as dominant hand, dominant foot, and dominant brain side was also collected. These data can be used for further analyses. To the best of our knowledge, emotion induction method shows the videos to subjects while walking has never been used in other studies. Our proposed method and dataset have the potential to advance the research field about emotional recognition and analysis, which can be used in real-world applications.
Application of Lead Transport through Brain Capillary for Determination of Weight, Brain Damage, and Encephalization Quotient in Humans
Authors: Alhaji Saganuwan Saganuwan
Published: October 2022

The ability of lead to cause brain damage and reduce intelligence quotient has been established. However, transport of lead through brain capillary has not been elucidated. Hence, plasma and brain tissue kinetics of lead was studied mathematically. Literatures were searched for formulas that could be used for the determination of relationship between plasma and brain tissue kinetics of lead with an interest to discovering the residence time of lead residues in brain. Findings have shown that 5μg/dl of lead in plasma permeates the brain of human weighing 20 kg faster than that of 40 kg and 70 kg body weight, respectively. The surface area of permeability of brain cell is higher, in low body weight human than in high body weight human. Time of exposure and concentration of lead are higher in low body weight human as compared to high body weight human. Hence, neonates and children are more vulnerable to brain damage than adult human.
Standardization Techniques for Single-Shot Digital Holographic Microscopy
Authors: Khare Kedar
Published: October 2022

Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is a mature technology for quantitative phase imaging. Thousands of articles have been published on this topic over the last couple of decades. Our goal in this article is to emphasize that single-shot holographic microscopy systems offer several practical advantages and in principle capture the full diffraction-limited information of interest. Since phase cannot be measured directly, phase reconstruction is inherently a computational problem. In this context, we describe some traditional algorithmic ideas as well as newer sparse optimization-based methodologies for phase reconstruction from single-shot holograms. Robust operation of a DHM system additionally requires a number of auxiliary algorithms associated with fractional fringe detection, phase unwrapping, detection of focus plane, etc., that will be discussed in some detail. With the data-driven nature of applications of DHM being developed currently, the standardization or benchmarking of algorithmic ideas for DHM systems is important so that same sample imaged by different DHM systems provides the same numerical phase maps. Such uniformity is also key to establishing effective communication between DHM developers and potential users and thereby increasing the reach of the DHM technology.
Graphene Oxide Based on Biomass Waste: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Ramli Ramli , Hidayat Rahmat
Published: October 2022

Graphene oxide is a two-dimensional material formed from oxidized graphite, with oxygen (O) functional groups decorating the sp2 plane of carbon (C). Graphene oxide can be obtained by exfoliating the graphite oxide (oxidized three-dimensional carbon-based material) into the layered sheets by sonication or mechanical stirring. Graphene oxide contains various reactive oxygen functional groups, which make it to be a good candidate as a foundation in many applications, such as polymer composites, materials for energy conversion, environmental applications, sensors, FET transistors, and photonic applications, due to its excellent electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The widely used technique to synthesize graphene oxide is the modified Hummer’s method because of its simple process, low cost, and high yield. In this chapter, we report the progress of graphene oxide synthesis using graphite from activated carbon gathered from biomass waste as the source instead of commercial graphite. The chapter covers the synthesis of biomass waste-based graphene oxide and future perspective applications of graphene oxide. Scientific reports about biomass waste-based graphene oxide synthesis and recent applications of graphene oxide will be discussed. The main motivation for writing this chapter is to bring to the horizon the utilization of biomass waste as an alternative carbon source for the green, low-cost, and sustainable production of graphene oxide.
Speed Control of Inflow Vehicles for Merging Support on Motorways with Limited I2V Communication
Authors: Kokubugata Hisafumi , Kawashima Hironao , Fukui Ryotaro , Kamata George
Published: October 2022

Since merging is one of the most difficult situations for automated driving, merging support provided by infrastructure is extremely helpful for automated vehicles on motorways. However, in the early stages of automated vehicle penetration, infrastructure-side equipment to support merging is limited. In the first half of this chapter, a method to support speed control for inflow vehicles is proposed for the case where there is one detection device on the main lanes and one transmission/detection device for the vehicles in the inflow lane. In the second half, the case equipped with an additional detector and transmitter downstream on each lane is dealt with. New accurate information about the merging vehicles concerned could be given to the speed controller in the infrastructure. The control should be recalculated and sent to the inflow vehicle that has already started. Each control problem is formulated in the optimal control theory and calculated numerically by a nonlinear programming algorithm. The computational experiment is performed in each realistic situation.
Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Lung Cancer
Authors: Babayev Maksat , Silveyra Patricia
Published: October 2022

Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, and the leading cancer killer in both men and women. Globally, it accounts for 11.6% of all cancer cases and is responsible for 18.4% of cancer-related deaths. The mechanisms underlying lung cancer development and progression have been widely studied, and roles for non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been identified. Non-coding RNAs are a type of RNA molecules that are not translated into proteins. The main types of ncRNAs include transfer RNAs (tRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small nucleolar/nuclear RNAs (snoRNAs, snRNAs), extracellular RNAs (exRNAs), tRNA fragments, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). In the past few years, there has been an increased interest in the role of ncRNAs in oncology, and lung cancer tumorigenesis specifically. Multiple ncRNAs were identified as tumor suppressors: tRNA fragments, snoRNAs, and piRNAs while others were reported to have tumor-promoting functions: circular RNAs (circRNAs), snoRNAs, piRNAs, YRNAs, natural antisense transcripts (NATs) and pseudogene transcripts. In this chapter, we discuss the latest body of knowledge regarding the role of ncRNAs in lung cancer pathogenesis as well as their potential use as biomarkers or therapies against lung cancer.
Phase Transformation Processes in the Active Material of Lead-acid Batteries
Authors: F. Romero Alberto , Ocón Pilar
Published: October 2022

The good performance of a lead-acid battery (LAB) is defined by the good practice in the production. During this entire process, PbO and other additives will be mixed at set conditions in the massing procedure. Consequently, an active material mainly composed of unreacted PbO, lead sulfate crystals, and amorphous species will be obtained. Later, the same mass will be pasted on the grids and the curing step will be performed. In this way, the previous pasted mass will be modified and a new hard porous structure will be formed in the active material. Furthermore, this structure will be bounded to the grid through a corrosion layer. Thus, the formed plate will be conducted to the following soaking and formation procedures. In these manufacturing steps, thanks to the major role of H2SO4, the active non-conductive material will be transformed into an electrically conductive element. Therefore, the prior compounds (PbO and lead sulfate crystals) will be converted to new phases: Pb or oxidized to PbO2 on the negative and positive plate, respectively. Because of the importance of the previous phase transformations, new advanced designs are focused on the internal structure of the active material to improve the LAB performance.
Skin Substitutes and Biologic Agents for Wound Closures after Melanoma Resection
Authors: Depani Monal , F. Thornton James
Published: October 2022

Wound healing is a highly complex process mediated by microscopic cellular interactions. An improved understanding of the physiology of wound healing has laid the groundwork for translational research to create biologic wound care technologies that have significantly impacted patient care. Biologic wound technologies have broad applications and have had a significant impact on the reconstructive ladder, as the reader will see throughout this chapter. Despite their frequent use, many surgeons are unfamiliar with the plethora of products on the market, as well as each product’s relative advantages and disadvantages. This chapter will go over oncologic reconstruction of the nose, scalp, lip, cheek, and extremities after wide local excision of melanomas in these areas, which is a significant challenge for plastic surgeons. Traditional methods for reconstructing these defects include primary closure techniques, skin grafts, local flaps, pedicled flaps, and free tissue transfer; however, the increased risk of metastasis associated with melanoma makes it difficult to use biologic wound healing agents like Integra and Cytal as alternative reconstructive options without causing additional donor site morbidity. In this chapter, we examine the use of biological agents in soft tissue reconstruction, including the surgical approaches, complications, and limitations of various reconstructive methods.
Clinical Significance of Some Acute Phase Proteins in Cattle
Authors: Bozukluhan Kadir , Merhan Oguz
Published: October 2022

Acute phase proteins are proteins synthesized by the liver in response to the acute phase response. While these proteins are insignificant in healthy animals, their concentrations increase rapidly during infection, inflammation, or tissue damage and are used as an indicator of inflammation. Since the blood concentrations and importance levels of these clinically important proteins differ according to the animal species, they are evaluated separately for each animal species. Most of the acute phase proteins have been studied in detail in the field of human medicine and are routinely used in the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. In the field of veterinary medicine, it has not been used sufficiently. In this book chapter, we will provide up-to-date information about acute phase proteins that are important for cattle, as well as explain that acute phase proteins can be used in the early diagnosis of diseases, in the differentiation of viral and bacterial infections, in guiding the treatment of sick animals and in determining their prognosis.
Neuroblastoma in Early Age with Rare Respiratory Manifestation
Authors: Lashkarbolouk Narges , Mazandarani Mahdi , Ahani Azari Ali , Shahkar Lobat , Shariatalavi Reyhaneh
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common malignant extracranial solid tumors in children, mainly detected in children between the ages of 22 months to five years. It can develop in any location of the sympathetic nervous system. Although it has a broad spectrum of signs and symptoms, it is hard to find cases with major respiratory manifestations. Case Presentation: Our case report presents a 50-day-old male admitted to a local hospital with respiratory distress and cyanosis. Then, he was intubated and transferred to our pediatric center for further evaluation. Our investigation found a mass in the mediastinum with lung involvement. This patient is a rare case of neuroblastoma that occurred earlier in the age of onset with uncommon respiratory manifestation, unresponsive to outpatient treatment. Conclusions: We presented a neuroblastoma case with persistent respiratory manifestations that repeatedly received outpatient treatment for respiratory diseases, but his condition did not improve. Physicians should always suspect this condition in addition to other differential diagnoses, especially in patients unresponsive to outpatient treatment, with abnormal chest X-rays and respiratory symptoms.
The Relationship Between Perceived Organizational Justice with Organizational-Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Trust Among Iranian Surgical Technologists in Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2021
Authors: Hannani Sedigheh , Majidian Fatemeh , Amiri Fardin , Azadi Namamali
Published: October 2022

Background: The organizational-citizenship behavior and organizational trust change the behaviors and attitudes and can also improve performance and efficiency among nurses as the team working incentives. Numerous environmental and occupational factors can affect the mentioned variables in employees but organizational justice, among other factors, exert a significant impact in this regard. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived organizational justice with organizational-citizenship behavior and organizational trust among Iranian surgical technologists at Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) in 2021. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study, 183 surgical technologists of IUMS were investigated, and, therefore, the sampling method was census. Data collection tools were as follows: (1) Demographic characteristics questionnaire; (2) Niehoff and Moorman organizational justice questionnaire; (3) researcher-developed organizational-citizenship behavior scale; and (4) Gary A. Roeder Organizational Trust Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (mean ± standard deviation; frequency and percentage), Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression were performed to analyze the data by using SPSS software version 22. Results: Overall, the perceived organizational justice was poor, whereas the organizational-citizenship behavior and organizational trust were moderate. There was a positive and statistically significant correlation between organizational justice and citizenship-organizational behavior (r = 0.79), (P < 0.001). The same association was also observed between perceived organizational justice and organizational trust (r = 0.87), (P < 0.001). Moreover, 50% of the changes in perceived organizational justice, 67% in organizational trust, and 75% in organizational-citizenship behavior may have been explained and justified by demographic variables. Conclusions: It was concluded that citizenship-organizational behavior and organizational trust in surgical technologists may have been increased by taking appropriate interventions such as increasing the perception of organizational justice as well as improving the performance and quality of services in hospitals.
Path integral in quantum field theories
Authors: Fabiano Nicola
Published: October 2022

Introduction/purpose: Starting from the Hamiltonian an alternative description of quantum mechanics has been given, based on the sum of all possible paths between an initial and a final point. Methods: Theoretical methods of mathematical physics. Integral method based on the path integral. Results: The method and concepts of the path integral could be applied to other branches of physics, not limited to quantum mechanics. Conclusions: The Path Integral approach gives a global description of fields, unlike the usual Lagrangian approach which is a local description of fields.
Application of probability based multi: Objective optimization in the preparation of drug encapsulation with a designed experiment
Authors: Yu Jie , Zheng Maosheng
Published: October 2022

Introduction/purpose: In this paper, probability based multi - objective optimization (PMOO) is employed to objectively study the optimization problems of the drug encapsulation of water-soluble chitosan (WSC) / poly - gama - glutamic acid ( g -PGA) - tanshinone IIA (TA) with a response surface design and glycerosome - triptolide with an orthogonal experimental design. Methods: In PMOO, a concept of preferable probability has been introduced to describe a preference degree of the performance utility. Each beneficial and unbeneficial utility index contributes a partial preferable probability in a linear manner, positively and negatively, respectively and all the performance utility indicators are simultaneously and equally treated. The total preferable probability of a candidate is the product of all partial preferable probabilities, which thus transfers a multi-objective problem into a single-objective one. Results: 1. The optimal encapsulation of WSC / g-PGA - TA is for WSCof 5.755 mg.ml-1 , TA of 1.0275 mg.ml-1 , when the ratio of TA to the carrier material is 1: 4.9, and the reaction time is 1.302h. 2. The optimal preparation conditions of glycerosomes - triptolide are a glycerol concentration of 20%, the phospholipid to cholesterol mass ratio of 30:1 and the phospholipid to triptolide mass ratio of 5:1. Conclusion: The results show the applicability of PMOO in the optimization of encapsulation composites with designed tests.
Frequency hopping spread spectrum: History, principles and applications
Authors: Ristić Vladimir , Todorović Branislav , Stojanović Nenad
Published: October 2022

Introduction/purpose: The frequency hopping spread spectrum (FH-SS) technique assumes the carrier generated by the syntesizer to hop from frequency to frequency over a wide bandwidth, according to a pseudonoise code sequence defined by the code sequence generator. The article presents the history, principles and applications of the FH-SS technique. Both military and commercial applications are discussed. Methods: This article presents an overview of data from the technical literature, with appropriate comments. Results: After presenting the history and principles of the FH-SS technique, the article summarizes its use with examples of military and commercial applications. The importance of using FH-SS in the described applications is highlighted. Conclusion: The FH-SS technique has been successfully implemented in many military and commercial technologies due to its high protection against interference, making communication difficult for reconnaissance and eavesdropping, and its ability to provide code division multiple access.
Screen reading: Electromagnetic information leakage from the computer monitor
Authors: Grdović Milena , Protić Danijela , Antić Vladimir , Jovanović Boriša
Published: October 2022

Introduction/purpose: The security of systems can be jeopardized by compromising emanations. This paper provides an overview of computer screen attacks. New technologies can be used to exfiltrate sensitive data from computer screens. Emission security is the prevention of electromagnetic signal attacks that are conducted or radiated. Methods: This paper examines the impact of a side-channel attack that intercepts compromised information from a computer screen. The leakage of electromagnetic data is also explained. Software-defined radios are described to explain malicious attacks on computer monitors. Results: The source of the electromagnetic signal determines the nature of the side-channel information they carry. The most well-known issue associated with revealing emissions is the possibility of intercepting visual information displayed on computer monitors. Conclusion: Visual data displayed on computer monitors could be intercepted by a software-defined radio which can digitize the desired frequency spectrum directly from an antenna, present it to a digital signal processor, and output it to an application for revealing sensitive data. A Grdović, M. et al, Screen reading: electromagnetic information leakage from the computer monitor, pp.836-855 variety of countermeasures, such as shielding, zoning, soft TEMPEST, and similar techniques, can be used to prevent data leakage.
Certain integrals involving generalized Mittag-Leffler type functions
Authors: Haq Sirazul , Aphane Maggie , Khan Mohammad , Fabiano Nicola
Published: October 2022

Introduction/purpose: Certain integrals involving the generalized Mittag-Leffler function with different types of polynomials are established. Methods: The properties of the generalized Mittag-Leffler function are used in conjunction with different kinds of polynomials such as Jacobi, Legendre, and Hermite in order to evaluate their integrals. Results: Some integral formulae involving the Legendre function, the Bessel Maitland function and the generalized hypergeometric functions are derived. Conclusions: The results obtained here are general in nature and could be useful to establish further integral formulae involving other kinds of polynomials.
70 years of the Military Technical Courier
Authors: Gaćeša Nebojša
Published: October 2022

This Editorial marks the jubilee which the scientific journal Military Technical Courier celebrates in 2022-70 years of regular and continuous publication. On this occasion, the Editorial Office expresses gratitude to institutions and individuals who have contributed most to the progress and success of the Journal.
Reality as a Palimpsest: Information Disorder Practices in George Orwell’s 1984 and The Loudest Voice
Authors: Valverde Beatriz , Valverde González Ana
Published: October 2022

Drawing upon mass communication theories, with special emphasis on Jean Baudrillard’s theory of simulacra and simulacrum, we will examine distortion of infor- mation practices in George Orwell’s 1984 (1949) and in the American TV miniseries The Loudest Voice (2019). Even though there is nearly a century between both works, socio-politically speaking, the control of information dissemination is equally important in both narrative products: in the maintaining of the status quo in an authoritarian sys- tem in 1984 and in the process of undermining the current US democratic system in The Loudest Voice. With this, we will argue that these literary and audiovisual texts are key for citizens to develop critical thinking skills and to question their worldviews, or, in Or- well’s own words, to exercise an uncommon common sense, which entails independence of thought and integrity of mind.