bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social TV, Advertising, and Sales: Are Social Shows Good for Advertisers?
Authors: Fossen Beth L. , Schweidel David A.
Published: March 2019

We investigate whether social shows—television programs with high levels of online chatter—are beneficial for advertisers.
Sell-Side Analysts and Stock Mispricing: Evidence from Mutual Fund Flow-Driven Trading Pressure
Authors: Sulaeman Johan , Wei Kelsey D.
Published: March 2019

Using the setting of extreme mutual fund flow-driven trading pressure, this paper examines sell-side analysts’ role in stabilizing capital markets. We find that a select group of analysts persistently issue price-correcting recommendation changes for stocks experiencing mutual fund flow-driven mispricing. Such recommendation changes are accompanied by little change to their concurrent earnings forecasts and appear to be driven by the superior research skill of these “mispricing-sensitive” analysts. Stocks receiving price-correcting recommendation changes experience less severe liquidity deterioration, more immediate price correction, and consequently smaller subsequent long-run return reversal. Our findings highlight analysts’ unique role in facilitating liquidity provision and stabilizing capital markets during severe mispricing events.

This paper was accepted by Neng Wang, finance.
HOMOGENEIZAÇÃO DE DADOS PLUVIOMÉTRICOS DIÁRIOS: UMA CONTRIBUIÇÃO METODOLÓGICA
Authors: Oscar Júnior Antonio Carlos
Published: March 2019

Diversas são as interferências não climáticas que podem produzir ruídos em séries de dados climáticos, sobretudo na unidade diária, cuja relevância para a Climatologia é notória. Em face disto, o presente artigo objetivou avaliar a eficiência do RHtest, técnica de homogeneização de dados pluviométricos diários, para o contexto tropical brasileiro. Em âmbito internacional é cada vez maior a exigência pelo controle da qualidade dos dados, entretanto, diante da possibilidade de alteração do dado observado, muitas dúvidas surgem em relação à homogeneização; por isto, se propôs a homogeneização da série de dados (1967-2015) de três postos pluviométricos no estado do Rio de Janeiro em diferentes contextos topográficos. A partir da comparação entre a série de dados brutos (observados) e homogeneizados, utilizando a correlação de Spearman, a distribuição de frequência em classes de pluviosidade e os índices de extremos climáticos (RClimDex), contatou-se o potencial de aplicação da técnica para o Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados mostraram que há uma expressiva correlação ordinal entre os dados brutos e homogeneizados (superior a 99%) e com significância de 95%. Além disso, a técnica, na medida que retirou ruídos da série, favoreceu que outros índices climáticos apresentassem tendência com significância estatística. Já a distribuição de frequência demonstrou uma possível interferência das falhas do banco de dado e do relevo nos resultados, com destaque ao posto a sotavento (Petrópolis), com 4,7% de falha no banco de dados e onde a concentração de chuva reflete em variações do limiar; entretanto, as diferenças observadas entre os dados observados e homogeneizados, em termos de extremos, não foram superiores a 21 mm para o referido posto.
Anaesthesia and surgery in neonatal lambs
Authors: Crilly James Patrick , Phythian Clare
Published: March 2019

Neonatal lambs are frequently presented for minor surgical interventions (entropion and atresia ani correction) and for treatment of broken limbs. Providing the fracture is closed, simple, and adequate stabilisation is possible then the prognosis for these is good. More rarely they may be presented for the treatment of other traumatic injuries. Any surgery should be performed with an appropriate level of anaesthesia, and anaesthetic techniques applicable to neonatal lambs are reviewed. When performing anaesthesia on neonatal lambs their reduced metabolic capacity, low bodyweight and susceptibility to hypothermia should all be considered.
Ewe Caesarean section: reviewing the evidence base and sharing cross-country experiences part one
Authors: Phythian Clare J. , Angell Joseph W. , Crilly James Patrick , Martin Adam D.
Published: March 2019

This article aims to review the current literature base, and share findings of clinical experience from British and Norwegian first opinion and referral work in ovine Caesarean sections. It is not intended to replace existing excellent medicine and surgery texts describing Caesarean surgery (such as Scott, 2015 or Hendriksen and Baird 2013) but to supplement these with additional information and to provide an updated review. We hope this article is particularly useful for those approaching their first Caesarean section in practice, and may stimulate further interest in capturing and sharing data held in first opinion practice. Part one looks at case selection, analgesia and surgery, while part two will look at the postoperative period, and will also highlight the value of undertaking clinical audits of ovine medicines use and surgical procedures.
Treating atrial fibrillation in the 21st Century: part 2 treatment protocols
Authors: Redpath Adam , Bowen Mark
Published: March 2019

Quinidine sulfate remains the drug of choice for the treatment of atrial fibrillation in the horse. Its use involves the application of the prescribing cascade with either the use of ‘specials’ or imported human medicines. As such, informed client consent should be obtained. A number of adverse events, both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular, may be observed that can be fatal. Therefore, continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring should be undertaken throughout treatment. The standard protocol involves 2-hourly dosing with quinidine for four to five doses administered by stomach tube. Adverse events are more likely with increasing doses. Transvenous electrocardioversion is associated with fewer complications when undertaken by experienced operators, but requires specialist equipment. After treatment horses should be assessed, and return to work can be rapid if disease duration was short, but should be delayed in long-standing disease. Ambulatory ECG recordings are valuable in assessing horses following therapy, even in the event of treatment failure.
Philosophy of Disability as Critical Diversity Studies
Authors: Tremain Shelley L.
Published: March 2019

Critical diversity studies (CDS) can be found within “traditional” or “established” university disciplines, such as philosophy, as well as in relatively newer departments of the university, such as African studies departments, women’s and gender studies departments, and disability studies departments. In this article, therefore, I explain why philosophy of disability, an emerging subfield in the discipline of philosophy, should be recognized as an emerging area of CDS. My discussion in the article situates philosophy of disability in CDS by both distinguishing this new subfield’s claims about disability from the arguments about disability that mainstream philosophers make and identifying the assumptions about social construction and antiessentialism that philosophy of disability shares with other areas of CDS. The discussion is designed to show that a (feminist) philosophy of disability that draws upon the work of Michel Foucault will transform how philosophers understand the situation of disabled people. By drawing upon Foucault, I offer philosophers of disability and other practitioners of CDS a new understanding of disability as an apparatus of power relations.
Technology's Invisible Women: Black Geek Girls in Silicon Valley and the Failure of Diversity Initiatives
Authors: Twine France Winddance
Published: March 2019

Black women comprise 1% of the Silicon Valley workforce. Between 2015 and 2018, several major technology firms made “diversity pledges” yet these diversity initiatives have failed to produce any significant increases in the number of Black women in the technology industry. This article draws upon a qualitative study of 68 male and female technology workers employed in the San Francisco Bay area. This qualitative study contributes to gender studies, racial studies, organization studies and network theory by providing an empirical case study of Black female technology workers in Silicon Valley. It finds that although Black women bring a diverse range of social and educational resources to the interview table in this industry, the use of social referrals by technology firms operates against the stated goals of diversity initiatives, and that the social referrals reproduce, rather than subvert the racial and gender disparities that characterize the San Francisco industry.
Meeting, talk and text: policy and politics in practice
Authors: Freeman Richard
Published: March 2019

Articles in the Research Provocations section do not simply summarise an existing debate, theme or body of scholarship. Instead, they offer fresh perspectives, develop theoretical advancements and highlight emergent research agendas. This section offers the opportunity for authors to launch high-profile critiques, to showcase acute but comprehensive contributions and to initiate challenging dialogues.

In this Research Provocation, Richard Freeman presents an engaging and thoughtprovoking proposition that existing accounts of the policy process have neglected microlevel practices of politics (talk and text), and consequently have have marginalised the micro-sites of policymaking (the gathering, the encounter and the meeting). To make this argument, he brings together literature from the fields of sociology, political theory and public administration, and makes a case for reconsidering what exactly constitutes the practice of policymaking.

Do you agree with Richard’s argument? To what extent does this account reflect your own academic or practitioner experience? Would you like to respond to Richard’s argument in the pages of Policy & Politics? If so, please get in touch with us to discuss it further!

Our prevailing accounts of the policy process are challenged by studies of practice as well as by practitioners themselves. This paper sets out an alternative, grounded in politics and sociology and informed by recent work in related disciplines. Drawing on the foundational work of Arendt and Goffman, it begins in the essential dynamics of the gathering, the encounter and the meeting. It considers the extent to which each is realised in talk, and in the production and reproduction of texts. Policy and politics seek to establish and maintain a ‘definition of the situation’ and what might follow from it: the purpose of the paper is to match theoretical and empirical accounts of this process with the activity and experience of its practitioners.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL OIL THE VEGETABLE RAW MATERIAL SCHISANDRA CHINENSIS: LEAVES, WOODY STEMS, RHIZOMES WITH ROOTS
Authors: Морозов (Morozov) Юрий (Yuriy) Алексеевич (Alekseevich) , Зилфикаров (Zilfikarov) Ифрат (Ifrat) Назимович (Nazimovich) , Морозова (Morozova) Елизавета (Elizaveta) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) , Алиев (Aliev) Аслан (Aslan) Мурадалиевич (Muradalievich) , Ибрагимов (Ibragimov) Тимур (Timur) Алгасанович (Algasanovich)
Published: March 2019

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the component composition of essential oil samples obtained from various vegetable raw materials of Schisandra chinensis (Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.): branches (woody stems), rhizomes with roots and leaves. The extraction of essential oils was carried out by distillation with water vapor followed by extraction from the distillate with ethoxyethane. The largest yield of essential oil in terms of completely dry raw material is registered from rhizomes with roots – 0.99%; the yield from leaves and branches was approximately the same: 0.51% and 0.52%, respectively. A comparative analysis of the component composition of the obtained essential oils was carried out using the gas chromatography / mass spectrometry method. In the essential oil of the leaves 29 detected compounds (identified by 21 connection; dominant components: Cyclohexylmethyl ether sulphurous acid, (+)-trans-nerolidol, δ-cadinene, Tridec-(2E)-EN-1-ol), woody stems 80 connections (identified 65 compounds; dominant components: ß-pinene, Camphene, Bornylacetate, (+)-trans-nerolidol, p-tsimen, Tridecan-2-it, δ-cadinene), rhizomes with roots 78 of the compounds (60 compounds identified; dominant components: δ-cadinene, Bornylacetate, β-pinene, Camphene, Nerolidol-(E), Tridecan-2-it, γ-cadinene, Borneol). For each sample of the studied essential oils selectivity and marker substances were established.
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE SUM OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN FRUIT OF RHUS TYPHINA(L.)
Authors: Леонова (Leonova) Виктория (Viktoria) Нодарьевна (Nodar'evna) , Попов (Popov) Иван (Ivan) Викторович (Viktorovich) , Попова (Popova) Ольга (Ol'ga) Ивановна (Ivanovna) , Зайцев (Zaitsev) Владимир (Vladimir) Павлович (Pavlovich)
Published: March 2019

The genus Rhus of the Anacardiaceae family includes about 120–150 species of small trees, bushes, and lianas. The chemical composition of the sumac fluffy Rhus typhina (L.) is almost unknown. Previously, some phenolic compounds (rutin, quercetin, hyperoside, tannin, gallic acid) were identified in the fruits of the plant. To quantify the amount of phenolic compounds in the raw materials studied, a method based on the complexation reaction of phenolic compounds with a phosphomolybdic-tungsten reagent (Folin-Denis reagent) in an alkaline medium was chosen. The optimal conditions for the complexation reaction are selected: the ratio of the solution of gallic acid and Denis-Folin reagent is 0.06 mg / 1.6 ml, respectively. For the quantitative determination of the amount of phenolic compounds for the aqueous extraction of sumac fluffy must be added 1.1 ml of Denis-Folin reagent, to alcohol-water extraction – 1.2 ml of Folin-Denis reagent. The maximum value of optical density in aqueous and alcohol-aqueous extractions is observed at a wavelength of 720 nm. In alcohol-water extraction, more phenolic compounds (A = 0.8683) pass into the alcoholic water than to the aqueous one (A = 0.6346). The method used is valid and can be used for quantitative determination of the amount of phenolic compounds in fruits of sumac fluffy. To evaluate the linearity, the regression equation is calculated y = 941.67x + 0.0725 and the correlation coefficient r = 0.9895. The concentration of phenolic compounds in alcohol-water extraction was determined from the calibration graph. The average content of the sum of the phenolic compounds in terms of the gallic acid in the alcohol- water extraction was 10.04 ± 0.17%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) is 2.61%.
THE KINETIC OF OXIDATION OF 4-QARANTHIOL WITH CHLORINE DIOXIDE
Authors: Кузиванов (Kuzivanov) Иван (Ivan) Михайлович (Mikhaylovich) , Гребёнкина (Grebenkina) Ольга (Ol'ga) Николаевна (Nikolaevna) , Лезина (Lezina) Ольга (Ol'ga) Михайловна (Mikhaylovna) , Садыков (Sadykov) Раис (Rais) Асхатович (Ashatovich)
Published: March 2019

The kinetics of oxidation of 4-qaranthiol with chlorine dioxide to disulfide in a solution of acetonitrile was studied by electron spin resonance (ESR). This reaction is the initial stage of oxidation of thiol to sulfonic acid. From the EPR spectra of paramagnetic chlorine dioxide in a solution of acetonitrile, the time dependences of its consumption were obtained for various molar ratios of the thiol-oxidant and temperatures (-10, -15, -20 °C). The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the first stage of thiol oxidation are determined (reaction rate constants, pre-exponential factor of the Arrhenius equation, activation energy Ea = 79 kJ / mol, enthalpy ΔH = 76.9 ± 2.5 kJ / mol, entropy change ΔS = -1.7 ± 0.9 J / (mol · K)). It is established that the reaction rate is described by a second-order equation for the concentrations of the reagents. The dependence of the conversion of 4-quarantine on the mole ratio of thiol-oxidant is shown by gas-liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. It was found that complete conversion of the starting thiol is achieved with a 1 : 1 reagent ratio. The maximum yield of disulfide is reached at a molar ratio of chlorine dioxide to organic substrate of approximately equal to 0.4 ÷ 0.5.
INFLUENCE OF BIOPREPARATION VERVA AND VERVA-SPRUCE ON THE SCOTS PINE SEEDLINGS GROWTH
Authors: Хуршкайнен (Khurshkaynen) Татьяна (Tat'yana) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) , Андреева (Andreyeva) Елена (Elena) Михайловна (Mikhaylovna) , Стеценко (Stetsenko) Светлана (Svetlana) Карленовна (Karlenovna) , Терехов (Terekhov) Геннадий (Gennadiy) Григорьевич (Grigor'evich) , Кучин (Kuchin) Александр (Aleksandr) Васильевич (Vasil'evich)
Published: March 2019

The results of studying the influence of natural plant growth regulators Verva  and Verva-spruce from coniferous wood greenery on the growth and development of Pinus sylvestris L. pine seedlings under the conditions of a forest nursery are presented. A comparative analysis of morphometric indices and accumulation of phytomass in the first two years of growth of pine seedlings grown from seeds treated with coniferous biopreparations of various concentration (experience) and without processing (control) is lead.

Presowing treatment of seeds with Verva and Verva-spruce preparations at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.25 mL/kg by soaking within 6 hours has led to prolonged effect on growth rates of pine seedlings. Experimental seedlings had higher increments of the aerial part compared to the control: the height of the seedling tree of the first year was 40–84% higher, the second year – 29–47%; the diameter increased by 40–43% in one-year seedlings, and by 2–40% in biennial ones. High values of biometric parameters in two-year seedlings in the experimental versions correspond to the requirements for planting material of coniferous plants. The use of preparations Verva and Verva-spruce for seed presowing treatment will shorten the period of seedling cultivation and the cost of planting material.
INTERRELATION OF THE MICROELEMENT STATUS AND COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL TAKEN FROM PLANTS OF FILIPENDULA GENUS
Authors: Круглов (Kruglov) Дмитрий (Dmitriy) Семенович (Semenovich) , Круглова (Kruglova) Мария (Mariya) Юрьевна (Yur'evna) , Оленников (Olennikov) Даниил (Daniil) Николаевич (Nikolaevich)
Published: March 2019

The research of interrelation of the microelement compound of the most widespread species of Filipendula (meadowsweet) genus and component composition of essential oil taken from their has been conducted in present work. Such plants as F. angustiloba Maxim., F. camtschatica Maxim., F. denudata Fritsch., F. glaberrime Nakai, F. intermedia Juz., F. palmata Maxim., F.picbaueri Smejkal., F. ulmaria Maxim., F. vulgaris Moench. growing on Eurasia, were objects of research. The aerial parts of these plants were collected during flowering stage. The content of 59 trace elements was defined by means inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. The component composition of essential oil was determined by method of a gas chromatography with the mass spectrometry. As a result, was established that the component composition of essential oil taken from investigated plants is presented by 19 compounds of the phenolic and isoprene structure. The obtained data was analyzed with using cluster analysis. As a result has been shown that the microelement status and component composition of essential oil well correlate among themselves and with the systematic position of the investigated species which had been determined earlier in classic botany with using the morphological indications. Thus, the microelement status of a plant and component composition of the essential oil produced by it, are interdependent and typical for each species of plant.
SYNTHESIS OF BETULIN DIFORMATE AND ALLOBETULIN FORMATE DIRECTLY FROM OUTER BIRCH BARK
Authors: Arrous Salah , Boudebouz Imene , Bakibaev Abdigali
Published: March 2019

One of the promising directions of birch bark utilization is its extractive treatment with obtaining a number of valuable chemical components among which the most relevant is betulin. As a rule, the methods of betulin esters are multistage and based on classical reactions of betulin acylation; betulin should be preliminarily extracted from birch bark.

The purpose of the present research was synthesis of the betulin diformate and allobetulin formate directly from the birch bark without a separate stage of the betulin preparation. The external layer of the bark of birch, Betula pendula Roth was ground to particle size of 10–20 mm and used as the raw material. The method is based on combined extraction of betulin from outer birch bark and its formylation with formic acid at reflux for 16 hours. During the treatment of birch bark with formic acid, along with betulin extraction into solution, its formylation into betulin diformate and allobetulin formate occurs. The yield of the formation of betulin diformate and allobetulin formate of the mass of acylated upper bark (a.u.b.) was 40 and 10%, respectively. The first fraction of betulin diformate was obtained from the resulted solution by evaporating 3/4 of the solution and poured it in water to form beige precipitate, whereas the second fraction was extracted by treating the resulted birch bark by acetone followed by evaporation. However, the allobetulin formate was formed from the second treatment of resulted birch bark by chloroforrm followed by evaporation. Betulin diformate was found to be the main component of this extraction, and it was recrystallized from ethyl alcohol to afford beige powder, and its melting point is 165 °C. The structures of betulin diformate and allobetulin formate are confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy.
DEGRADATION OF PINE WOOD STRUCTURE WHEN OZONOLYTIC DELIGNIFICATION
Authors: Мамлеева (Mamleeva) Надежда (Nadezhda) Алексеевна (Alekseevna) , Харланов (Kharlanov) Андрей (Andrey) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) , Чухчин (Chukhchin) Дмитрий (Dmitriy) Германович (Germanovich) , Базарнова (Bazarnova) Наталья (Natal'ya) Григорьевна (Grigor'evna) , Лунин (Lunin) Валерий (Valeriy) Васильевич (Vasil'evich)
Published: March 2019

The pine wood degradation under ozonation was studied. It was determined the contents of lignin (LG) and cellulose (CL) in cellulose-containing material (CM) obtained from the ozonized wood. The degree of polymerization (DP) of cellulose from CM was determined. Samples of CM were investigated using IR diffuse reflectance (DRIFT) spectra and XRD analysis. HPLC analysis of water-soluble LG ozonolysis products was conducted.

Ozonation results in 40–42% delignification degree of wood. Aromatics destruction is confirmed by DRIFT spectra. The intensity of stretching band at 1736 cm-1 of unconjugated C=O groups in LG or hemicelluloses markedly increases.

A stoichiometric ratio of absorbed ozone and an amount of destructed guaiacylpropane units as well as a composition of water-soluble products show that ozonolysis is a primary mechanism of aromatics degradation in wood.

The data on XRD analysis, the amounts of removed LG and the change of cellulose DP allow conclusion that the wood ozonation is accompanied by a destruction of hemicelluloses and amorphous cellulose in the wood.

It is shown that the specific ozone uptake £1.5 mmol O3/g matches the domination of the wood delignification with the lowest degradation of cellulose fibers and acceptable efficiency in terms of the ozonation process.
TECHNOLOGY OF PREPARATION OF BARIUM AND MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE NANODISPERSION AND POSSIBILITIES OF THEIR USE IN MONUMENT CARE
Authors: Kroftová Klára , Škoda David , Kuřitka Ivo , Kubát Jan
Published: March 2019

An application of hydroxide nanoparticles in preservation of cultural heritage attracted great interest. The nanodispersions of calcium, magnesium or barium hydroxides exhibit high performance in consolidation abilities. In this work we focused on preparation of magnesium and barium hydroxide nanoparticles. For the synthetic procedure we used acetate precursors and sodium hydroxide. Obtained particles were dispersed in 2-propanol. Hydroxide nanoparticles were characterized by powder X-Ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that smaller particles were achieved in case of magnesium hydroxide. Presented work demonstrates that this reaction procedure can be applied for preparation of materials used in cultural heritage preservation.
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MONASTERY NEXT TO THE PRAGUE CASTLE
Authors: Řehák Jakub , Burgetová Eva , Řehák Josef , Řehák Stanislav
Published: March 2019

The paper deals with a rehabilitation of the historic building of Carmel Monastery next to the Prague Castle. A structural survey of building was carried out and the historical drainage and ventilation system was identified. Based on structural survey in-situ the reasons of failures were analyzed and remedial works of historic monastery were proposed.
EFFECT OF BACTERIA BACILLUS PSEUDOFIRMUS AND FUNGUS TRICHODERMA REESEI ON SELF-HEALING ABILITY OF CONCRETE
Authors: Žáková Hana , Pazderka Jiří , Rácová Zuzana , Ryparová Pavla
Published: March 2019

There are usually used inorganic substances for the strengthening of self-healing ability of concrete but some specific types of bacteria or fungi may also be considered for use. The bacteria’s ability to fill pores and micro-cracks was investigated on cylindrical concrete specimens with the diameter 55 mm and height 5 mm. Bacteria Bacillus pseudofirmus and fungus Trichoderma reesei was used for the experiment. The main objective of the experiment was to investigate, if it is possible to use Bacillus pseudofirmus and Trichoderma reesei for self-healing concrete. The results show, that it is more advantageous to use Bacillus pseudofirmus than Trichoderma reesei in alkaline environment. It is desirable to create the most ideal conditions for microorganism’s growth, as possible. Bacteria should have positive effect on self-healing ability of concrete. Any effect of fungus on self-healing ability of concrete wasn’t confirmed.
Wissenschaft im Wandel: Hochschulen und die Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Bohunovsky Lisa , Kernegger Margarete , Kromp-Kolb Helga , Esca-Scheuringer Heidi , Höltl Andrea , Langthaler Margarita , Stinnig Elke , Luks Fred
Published: March 2019

Die Konferenz Wissenschaft im Wandel versammelte am 13.November 2018 zahlreiche Expert(inn)en österreichischer Hochschulen. Die Teilnehmenden diskutierten, wie Hochschulen Forschung, Lehre und Organisation verändern müssen, um einen substanziellen Beitrag zu nachhaltiger
Entwicklung leisten zu können.
Identitas Spesies Botrytis pada Tanaman Hortikultura Di Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Authors: Komalaningrat Devi ayu , Tondok Efi Toding , Widodo Widodo
Published: March 2019

Identity of Botrytis Species on Horticultural Crops In West Java, IndonesiaBotrytis species are economically important pathogens with a very broad host range including more than 200 horticultural crops. The identity of these fungus found  in Indonesia has not been investigated and need to be reconfirmed due to the species variations of Botrytis found worldwide. The aims of this research were to identify Botrytis species infecting crops in West Java based on its morphology and molecular characteristics, as well as its pathogenicity traits. Based on morphological characters, all 25 isolates found were identified as B. cinerea. ITS-based sequences of the 8 isolates showed 96-100% similarity to reported B. cinerea in GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed that all collected B. cinerea were grouped in the same cluster with Australia, Netherlands, and other Asian region isolates. Pathogenicity tests using strawberry fruits demonstrated that all isolates were pathogenic as indicated by grey mold symptom development; the isolates from orchid showed the highest virulence. This research is the first report confirming Botrytis cinerea identity based on morphology and molecular methods in Indonesia, and also confirmed B. cinerea as the only species of Botrytis found in West Java.
Insidensi Virus dan Cendawan pada Biji dan Umbi Bawang Merah
Authors: Saputri Ana Septiana , Tondok Efi Toding , Hidayat Sri Hendrastuti
Published: March 2019

Incidence of Viruses and Fungi on True Shallot Seed and Shallot Bulb Shallot is an important vegetable in Indonesia. Shallot farmers generally use bulbs as planting material even though there is an option to use true shallot seed (TSS). One important criteria for a good seed quality as planting material is pathogen free. Research was conducted to detect and identify viruses and fungi from TSS and shallot seed bulbs cultivars Bima, Bauji, Thailand, and Tuk-Tuk. Virus detection was carried out by DIBA (dot immunobinding assay) method using specific antiserum to OYDV, SLV, SYSV, and GCLV. Detection and identification of fungi was carried out by blotter test method and polymerase chain reaction. Infection of OYDV, GCLV, SYSV, and SLV were only detected in shallot bulbs with infection rates ranging from 66% to 100%. Four species of fungi were detected in TSS and bulbs, i.e. Aspergillus niger, A.flavus, F. solani, and Rhizopus sp; whereas F.oxysporum was only found in bulbs. All isolates of F. oxysporum was pathogenic and cause disease incidence up to 55%. Pathogenic isolate of F. oxysporum had 100% homology to those isolate from China and USA on the spesies level and 91.2% to those isolate from India and USA to the forma spesies level.
PERAN ANGGOTA TERHADAP KEBERLANJUTAN KELOMPOK TANI PADI AMRIH LOHJINAWI 1 DESA NGAWEN KECAMATAN NGAWEN KABUPATEN BLORA
Authors: Khairunnisa Adilla Trisna , Satmoko Sriroso , Mardiningsih Dyah
Published: March 2019

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh peran anggota (task roles, maintenance roles, blocking roles) terhadap keberlanjutan kelompok tani padi (kohesivitas, interdependensi, komitmen, program kerja). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai April 2017 di Kelompok Tani Amrih Lohjinawi 1 Desa Ngawen, Kecamatan Ngawen, Kabupaten Blora. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah survei. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan secara purposive dengan kriteria kelompok tani yang paling dinamis diantara 28 kelompok tani lainya yang ada di Kecamatan Ngawen. Kelompok tani yang dinamis yaitu kelompok yang sering mengadakan kegiatan guna meningkatkan efektivitas dalam kelompok agar tujuan yang diharapkan tercapai. Pengambilan sampel adalah dengan menggunakan metode simple random sampling dengan jumlah responden 82 anggota. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknis analisis regresi linier ganda. Faktor task roles dan maintenance roles secara parsial sangat nyata mempunyai pengaruh, sedangkan blocking roles tidak menunjukkan pengaruh terhadap kelanjutan kelompok tani. Namun secara keseluruhan ketiga variabel tersebut mempengaruhi.Kata Kunci : keberlanjutan kelompok; peran anggota
Herkules i Gerion, królowie Hiszpanii. Mit i jego recepcja w iberyjskich kronikach dobry średniowiecza i nowożytności
Authors: Barbarzak Dawid
Published: March 2019

The ancient myth about Hercules’ expedition to the island of Erythea, his combat with Geryon and setting the Pillars was adopted by the authors of Iberian chronicles from the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period. The paper responds to the question of how the myth was being changed by the authors and what their political or genealogical aim related with the historical period was. The analysis of ancient sources and the comparison with chosen Iberian chronicles proves that the character of Hercules was intentionally adapted for creating old dynastic genealogies, a model of good king or founding myths of Spanish cities (as Cádiz and A Coruña). For similar reasons, Spanish colonial expansion changed also the idea of the Pillars of Hercules which were not perceived as the boundary of the Mediterranean anymore but became a gate to the New World.
Does Captive Insurance Improve Firm Value? Evidence from S&P 500 Companies
Authors: Chang Mu-Sheng , Chen Jiun-Lin
Published: March 2019

This study investigates whether the use of captive insurers affects firm value for companies included in the S&P 500. Companies may use a captive insurance subsidiary to retain their risks for a lower cost than they would pay in premiums to a third-party insurer. Although captives are present in more than one-third of all firm-years between 2000 and 2016, this study fails to find evidence that owning a captive increases firm value effectively. Additional analysis reveals that firms that are larger, are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), and have smaller proportions of capital expenditures and cash reserves tend to use captives. Overall, the results are inconsistent with previous research indicating that the market reacts positively to captive formation around the formation date. This suggests that incentives other than shareholder value maximization may have encouraged the use of captives during the sample period.
Model-based generation of run-time data collection systems exploiting AutomationML
Authors: Mazak Alexandra , Lüder Arndt , Wolny Sabine , Wimmer Manuel , Winkler Dietmar , Kirchheim Konstantin , Rosendahl Ronald , Bayanifar Hessamedin , Biffl Stefan
Published: March 2019

Production system operators need support for collecting and pre-processing data on production systems consisting of several system components, as foundation for optimization and defect detection. Traditional approaches based on hard-coded programming of such run-time data collection systems take time and effort, and require both domain and technology knowledge. In this article, we introduce the AML-RTDC approach, which combines the strengths of AutomationML (AML) data modeling and model-driven engineering, to reduce the manual effort for realizing the run-time data collection (RTDC) system. We evaluate the feasibility of the AML-RTDC approach with a demonstration case about a lab-sized production system and a use case based on real-world requirements.
Applicability of generalized test tables: a case study using the manufacturing system demonstrator xPPU
Authors: Cha Suhyun , Weigl Alexander , Ulbrich Mattias , Beckert Bernhard , Vogel-Heuser Birgit
Published: March 2019

With recent trends in manufacturing automation, control software in automated production systems becomes more complex and has more variability to keep pace with customer and market requirements. Quality assurance also becomes more and more important to ensure that the systems live up to expectations. However, correctness of automation software is rarely verified using formal techniques in spite of their high coverage. One of the main reasons is the lack of specification languages suitable for this application area that are both comprehensible and sufficiently expressive. Generalized test tables (GTTs), which are a specification language for reactive systems, were presented recently as an accessible representation for application engineers. This formalism achieves both the comprehensibility of concrete test tables and the coverage of formal methods. In our approach, the specification provided by GTTs is used for formal verification, especially model checking. In this paper, we present four new features for GTTs: the progression flag, strong repetition, row grouping, and specification on internal variables. We demonstrate the applicability and evaluate the comprehensibility of GTT-based specification and verification using a range of diverse scenarios from the community demonstrator, the extended Pick & Place Unit.
Using model differencing to reason about observable behavior changes of manufacturing systems
Authors: Pietsch Christopher , Kelter Udo , Haubeck Christopher , Lamersdorf Winfried , Chakraborty Abhishek , Fay Alexander
Published: March 2019

Understanding changes in a manufacturing system is of utmost importance to effectively manage its evolution. This article proposes a pattern-based approach for capturing and describing behavioral changes by integrating recent advantages in the fields of system monitoring and model differencing. Observed changes are described as lifted model differences between two model versions. This helps in explaining observable evolution with a change-first approach.
Grime and Spirit: On a Hype!
Authors: Charles Monique
Published: March 2019

Grime is a genre of Black British music originating from London at the turn of the twenty-first century. In this article, I explore responses to moments of Grime music making and engagement in live performance settings. I make connections between Grime, Black music streams (Lena), Black Atlantic (Gilroy) practices, the Black Public Sphere (Baker) AND how engagements at these intersections are connected to spiritual practice in the context of live performance. The power in Grime live performance settings; where the spiritual is found, connects to the sonic characteristics deployed, embodied and emotive responses and cultural practice. Spirituality, through cultural practice, is an Africanised religious/spiritual outlook that remains with the African diaspora over time and space (Mbiti). Smith’s work shows how African derived religious and spiritual practice continues in diasporic religious practice contemporarily. Through live performance (raving/club culture), I explore and theorise how power is a) generated, b) operates, and outline the roles people play in the cultural-spiritual practice. Building on the work of Smith, Kennett, Sylvan, Mbiti and Baker, I introduce theories: 1) Liminal Energy Power Spirals (LEPS) and 2) AmunRave Theory, to show how the spirit enters live performance space.
Dystopia, Feminism and Phallogocentrism in Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake
Authors: Martín Javier
Published: March 2019

Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake (2003) is a very dark dystopian fable which introduces the reader to a post-apocalyptic scenario in which the planet Earth is on the edge of destruction, and human beings have been almost completely eradicated and substituted for a new, genetically-engineered, race. In this article, I am going to analyse the fundamental role phallogocentrism plays in the destruction of humanity and in the creation of a new world order populated by primitive but more ecological creatures.
Encounters with the Other: Transcultural Possibilities in the Wachowskis’ and Tykwer’s Cloud Atlas
Authors: Trinder Stephen
Published: March 2019

The Wachowskis’ and Tykwer’s Cloud Atlas indicates strong potential for an investigation into the advancement of transcultural messages in global cinema because of its conceptual commitment to narrate the story against the backdrop of sexuality, race, gender, and class. By combining critical discourse analysis (Foucault, The Archaeology of Knowledge, Power/Knowledge) with literary criticisms of postcolonial works (Hall, Hardt and Negri) and transcultural concepts of culture (Welsch, The Puzzling Form of Cultures Today; Rings, The Other in Contemporary Migrant Cinema), this paper investigates how far Cloud Atlas promotes transcultural identity constructs. Upon analysis of central themes and prominent characters Cloud Atlas transmits a message that if the aforementioned socio-cultural barriers can be overcome, we can cultivate something akin to a transcultural society. However, linkages to colonial discourse and quintessential cinematic conventions vis-à-vis white individualistic heroism demonstrate that Cloud Atlas’s liberal-humanist worldview is one that can ultimately be branded as compromised by monocultural assumptions of US values and ideals as superior.
Generalizations of Darbo’s fixed point theorem for new condensing operators with application to a functional integral equation
Authors: Rehman Habib ur , Gopal Dhananjay , Kumam Poom
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we provide some generalizations of the Darbo’s fixed point theorem associated with the measure of noncompactness and present some results on the existence of the coupled fixed point theorems for a special class of operators in a Banach space. To acquire this result, we define α- ψ and β- ψ condensing operators and using them we propose new fixed point results. Our results generalize and extend some comparable results from the literature. Additionally, as an application, we apply the obtained fixed point theorems to study the nonlinear functional integral equations.
Two types of separation axioms on supra soft topological spaces
Authors: Al-shami Tareq M. , El-Shafei Mohammed E.
Published: March 2019

In 2011, Shabir and Naz [1] employed the notion of soft sets to introduce the concept of soft topologies; and in 2014, El-Sheikh and Abd El-Latif [2] relaxed the conditions of soft topologies to construct a wider and more general class, namely supra soft topologies. In this disquisition, we continue studying supra soft topologies by presenting two kinds of supra soft separation axioms, namely supra soft Ti
-spaces and supra p-soft Ti
-spaces for i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. These two types are formulated with respect to the ordinary points; and the difference between them is attributed to the applied non belong relations in their definitions.We investigate the relationships between them and their parametric supra topologies; and we provide many examples to separately elucidate the relationships among spaces of each type. Then we elaborate that supra p-soft Ti
-spaces are finer than supra soft Ti
-spaces in the case of i = 0, 1, 4; and we demonstrate that supra soft T
3-spaces are finer than supra p-soft T
3-spaces.We point out that supra p-soft Ti
-axioms imply supra p-soft Ti

−1, however, this characterization does not hold for supra soft Ti
-axioms (see, Remark (3.30)). Also, we give a complete description of the concepts of supra p-soft Ti
-spaces (i = 1, 2) and supra p-soft regular spaces. Moreover,we define the finite product of supra soft spaces and manifest that the finite product of supra soft Ti
(supra p-soft Ti
) is supra soft Ti
(supra p-soft Ti
) for i = 0, 1, 2, 3. After investigating some properties of these axioms in relation with some of the supra soft topological notions such as supra soft subspaces and enriched supra soft topologies, we explore the images of these axioms under soft S
*-continuous mappings. Ultimately, we provide an illustrative diagram to show the interrelations between the initiated supra soft spaces.
Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) at room temperature of archaeological wood treated with various consolidants
Authors: Pecoraro Elisa , Pizzo Benedetto , Salvini Antonella , Macchioni Nicola
Published: March 2019

The viscoelastic properties of wood samples treated with various consolidants [polyethylene glycols (PEGs), lactitol and trehalose, Kauramin, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and trimethoxymethylsilane (MTMS), rosin and polyethylene-L-tartaramide] were evaluated by means of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) in order to clarify their effects with regard to the conservation of wood objects. Two softwoods, medium-decayed silver fir (Abies alba) and highly decayed maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), and two differently decayed oak hardwoods (Quercus spp.) were used. In addition, the selected parameters [retention, volume variations and equilibrium moisture content (EMC)] were evaluated to assess the consolidation efficacy. The results showed that in treated wood, both the storage modulus and tanδ depend upon the level of degradation. The impact of the consolidating product was greater in more degraded wood (a higher product amount inside the artefact) compared to well-preserved material, where also wood played a role (also when the products were applied at high concentrations). The values of the different viscoelastic parameters also depend upon the ability of the products to interact with the wood matrix; this characteristic is fundamental to the nature of each consolidant. Lactitol-treated samples showed the highest stiffness increases, whereas those treated with selected PEG combinations and rosin displayed noticeable tanδ increases (high dissipative behaviour).
Sequence Component-Based Improved Passive Islanding Detection Method for Distribution System with Distributed Generations
Authors: Anudeep Bhatraj , Nayak Paresh Kumar
Published: March 2019

In distributed generation (DG) systems, the rate of change of voltage and the rate of change of frequency are the two most common and widely used simple and low-cost passive islanding detection schemes. Unfortunately, these passive islanding detection schemes find limitation for detecting the islandings that cause very small power imbalance. In this paper, an improved passive islanding detection scheme is proposed by using the two newly derived indices from the sequence components of the current signal with the conventional voltage and frequency parameters. The performance of the proposed scheme is tested for numerous islanding and non-islanding cases generated on IEEE Std 399–1997 and IEC microgrid model distribution system integrated with both inverter-interfaced and synchronous DGs through PSCAD/EMTDC. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Empirical stochastic model of detected target centroids: Influence on registration and calibration of terrestrial laser scanners
Authors: Medić Tomislav , Holst Christoph , Janßen Jannik , Kuhlmann Heiner
Published: March 2019

The target-based point cloud registration and calibration of terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs) are mathematically modeled and solved by the least-squares adjustment. However, usual stochastic models are simplified to a large amount: They generally employ a single point measurement uncertainty based on the manufacturers’ specifications. This definition does not hold true for the target-based calibration and registration due to the fact that the target centroid is derived from multiple measurements and its uncertainty depends on the detection procedure as well. In this study, we empirically investigate the precision of the target centroid detection and define an empirical stochastic model in the form of look-up tables. Furthermore, we compare the usual stochastic model with the empirical stochastic model on several point cloud registration and TLS calibration experiments. There, we prove that the values of usual stochastic models are underestimated and incorrect, which can lead to multiple adverse effects such as biased results of the estimation procedures, a false a posteriori variance component analysis, false statistical testing, and false network design conclusions. In the end, we prove that some of the adverse effects can be mitigated by employing the a priori knowledge about the target centroid uncertainty behavior.
The Entry of Randomized Assignment into the Social Sciences
Authors: Jamison Julian C.
Published: March 2019

Although the concept of randomized assignment in order to control for extraneous confounding factors reaches back hundreds of years, the first empirical use appears to have been in an 1835 trial of homeopathic medicine. Throughout the 19th century there was a growing awareness of the need for comparison groups, albeit often without the realization that randomization could be a clean method to achieve that goal. In the second and more crucial phase of this history, four separate but related disciplines introduced randomized control trials within a few years of one another in the 1920s: agricultural science; clinical medicine; educational psychology; and social policy (specifically political science). This brought increasing rigor to fields that were focusing more on causal relationships. In a third phase, the 1950s through 1970s saw a surge of interest in more applied randomized experiments in economics and elsewhere – both in the lab and especially in the field.