bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Promises and Pitfalls of Outer Space Mining and the Need for an International Regulatory Body to Govern the Extraction of Space-Based Resources
Authors: Powell Mitchell
Published: May 2019

Space exploration is about to undergo a monumental change and the global legal and regulatory infrastructure is massively unprepared. When the bulk of international space law was written, the Cold War was raging, and man had not even landed on the Moon yet. Now, thanks to advances in technology, a seismic shift has occurred which will see private industry leading the future of space exploration with national space agencies as partners, rather than the other way around as has been the status quo for decades. One of the most lucrative possibilities luring private firms to space is the opportunity to extract resources from a celestial body such as an asteroid, another planet, or the Moon. It is estimated that trillions of dollars’ worth of precious metals, liquids, and gasses exist on these bodies. A galactic resource race will soon be underway, and space-faring nations must take the lead to ensure that legal, economic, and environmental issues posed by such space exploration is hammered out before it is too late. I assert that if left to their own devices, firms will fail to follow the same standard of their fore-father government space agencies. As a result, we need an international agreement or body for the twenty-first century to govern and regulate the extraction of resources from outer space led by the great space hegemons.
A Survey of Communication Apprehension in English Among Engineering Students
Authors: Faryal Aisha , Pathan Habibullah , Bhatti Amina Bibi , Bhatti Aisha
Published: May 2019

In Pakistan, English is used as a second language in all academic and professional domains. Achieving oral fluency becomes obligatory for students so that they can proficiently participate in the formal discussions, debates and presentations. Communication Apprehension is the fear of speaking. It hinders the speakers from communicating confidently and fluently. The purpose of this paper is to explore the feelings of students during communication and to identify the level of oral communication apprehension faced by engineering students. In this study, quantitative method was used to measure communication apprehension among the respondents. Data was collected through surveys by using random sampling procedure and analysed through the SPSS software. An adapted version of McCroskey PRCA-24 instrument was used to conduct data, 18 items were selected according to requirement of this study. The questionnaire comprises of twenty-four items for respondent’s feelings while their communication with peers majorly in four tasks of communication: group discussions, meetings, interpersonal conversations and public speaking.The “meeting” section was omitted. The questionnaire was developed to measure the respondents’ communication apprehension in the above stated communicative tasks. The findings of the study show that the students have high communication apprehension during participation in public speaking and formal discussions whereas low apprehension was reported during participation in group discussions.
POTENCIAL PRODUTIVO DO MILHO EM FUNÇÃO DO TRATAMENTO DE SEMENTES COM MICRONUTRIENTES E INSETICIDAS
Authors: OHSE Silvana , SANTOS Jeferson Oles dos , MELLO Wagner Maciel , MELO Heverton Fernando
Published: May 2019

A aplicação de inseticidas e micronutrientes visando maximizar a produtividade de culturas agrícolas via tratamento de sementes, vem sendo muito utilizada nas principais regiões produtoras do país, onde é adotado alto nível tecnológico no manejo de culturas. Neste cenário, desenvolveu-se um experimento na Fazenda Escola Capão da Onça, Ponta Grossa/PR, em delineamento blocos casualizados com objetivo de avaliar o efeito do tratamento de sementes com os micronutrientes zinco, boro e molibdênio (testemunha; ZnSO4.7H2O [na dose 16,5 g kg-1]; boro [MF Boro 10% na dose 0,6 mL kg-1]; Molibdênio [MF Molibdênio 270 na dose 4,2 mL kg-1] e o produto StarG® [Formulado 4% de Zn + 2% de Mo na dose 8 mL kg-1])na presença e ausência de inseticidas (Cropstar® [imidacloprido+tiodicarbe] na dose 4 mL kg-1 de sementes) sobre o desenvolvimento e potencial produtivo do híbrido de milho CD321®, repetidos 4 vezes. As variáveis analisadas foram: número de folhas por planta; diâmetro de colmo e altura de planta aos 20, 50 e 80 dias após a emergência (DAE). No final do ciclo da cultura, avaliou-se a massa de 1000 grãos; diâmetro de espiga e de sabugo; comprimento de espiga; número de fileira de grãos por espiga; número de grãos por fileira e produtividade. Nas condições em que o experimento foi conduzido não houve interação entre os fatores para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas. A aplicação de inseticidas via sementes, apesar de ter reduzido o número de fileiras de grãos por espiga, proporcionou 13,6% de aumento na produtividade do híbrido de milho CD321®. O tratamento de sementes com micronutrientes não influenciou o desenvolvimento e potencial produtivo do híbrido de milho CD321®.
ANÁLISE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E MICROBIOLÓGICA DA ÁGUA DE BEBEDOUROS DE ESCOLAS MUNICIPAIS NA CIDADE DE JARDIM – CEARÁ
Authors: OLIVEIRA Erondir José Cabral de , TEOTÔNIO Luiz Eduardo Oliveira , JÚNIOR Dárcio Luiz de Souza , MARQUES Ana Emília Fromiga
Published: May 2019

A água é um elemento essencial à vida de todos os seres, mas para que cumpra este papel ela tem de estar potável e livre de contaminação por microrganismos patogênicos, assim por meio da portaria 2914/11, o Ministério da Saúde determinou os parâmetros de potabilidade e qualidade que asseguram a qualidade da água a ser consumida. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar os parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos da água dos bebedouros de três escolas da rede municipal da Cidade de Jardim – CE. O trabalho utilizou a portaria supra citada, para contribuir de forma significativa e relevante com a promoção, proteção da saúde dos alunos dessas comunidades escolares. A partir dos dados obtidos foi possível comprovar que duas escolas apresentam água potável, pura e de qualidade, porém uma das três escolas apresentou indícios de contaminação bacteriana por coliformes totais, sendo necessárias averiguações para determinar com mais clareza e exatidão a possível fonte de contaminação.
Undergraduate nursing students’ perceptions of integrating evidence into practice in a psychiatric-mental health nursing clinical course
Authors: Charania Nadia Ali Muhammad Ali , Ross-Durow Paula Lynn , Sullivan Barbara-Jean , Dansel Laura A.
Published: May 2019

Faculty in a baccalaureate nursing program recognized the need to make intentional efforts to assist nursing students in integrating evidence-based knowledge in their clinical learning.  This paper aims to describe ways in which evidence-based practice (EBP) was incorporated into Psychiatric-Mental Health Clinical Course (P-MHCC) assignments, and summarize students’ perceptions about their use of evidence in their clinical practice. Content analysis was performed on 64 student essays. Four themes were identified following analyses of students’ written self-reflections: clinical assignments created opportunities to incorporate EBP, assignments promoted exploration of resources and fostered development of a professional self-concept, use of evidence in mental health nursing, and students’ views on future use of EBP and barriers. Clinical assignments and educational experiences were influential in students’ utilization of EBP. Students agreed on the value of EBP in their development as nurses and as being necessary to provide the best care to patients. Three future recommendations were proposed. First, faculty facilitating clinical courses must integrate EBP as a consistent component across all clinical assignments and employ specific rubrics to help students recognize the importance of evidence in clinical practice. Second, faculty must be proactive to explore and address students’ barriers to integration of EBP in a P-MHCC. Finally, clinical faculty should consider the use of EBP in clinical assignments as one of the strategies to promote students’ professional self-concept. Future research should include systematically exploring and testing the teaching strategies used by nursing faculty at all levels of the baccalaureate program to determine their effectiveness in improving baccalaureate-nursing students’ knowledge and skills.
Iterated integral transforms of Caratheodory functions and their applications to analytic and univalent functions
Authors: Babalola K. O. , Opoola T. O.
Published: May 2019

In this paper we develop and study some integral transforms of Caratheodory functions. We apply the transforms to study certain other classes of analytic and univalent functions both to obtain new results and provide new proofs of some known ones.
Pre-Gr"uss type inequalities in $ 2 $-inner product spaces
Authors: Hwang Dah-Yan , Yang Gou-Sheng
Published: May 2019

Some pre-Gr\"uss type inequalities in 2-inner product space and applications for determinantal inequalities are given.
Borel direction relative to function-values of meromorphic functions with finite logarithmic order
Authors: Chern Peter Tien-Yu
Published: May 2019

It is shown that if $ f(z )$ is meromorphic in the complex plane $ \mathbb C $ with finite positive logarithmic order $ \lambda $ and its characteristic function $ T(r,f) $ satisfies the growth condition $$ \ls \ T(r,f)/(\log r)^2 = + \infty,$$ then there is a number $ \theta $ with $ 0 \le \theta < 2\pi $ such that for each positive number $ \epsilon $, the expression $$ \ls \ \dfrac{\log \bigg\{\displaystyle{\sum^3_{i=1}} \ n(r,\theta, \epsilon, f = a_i(z)) \bigg\}}{\log \log r} = \lambda - 1, $$ holds for any three distinct meromorphic functions $ a_i(z) (i = 1,2,3) $ with $ T(r,a_i) = o(U(r,f)/ $ $ (\log r)^2), $ as $ r \to + \infty $, where $ n(r,\varphi ,\epsilon ,f = a(z)) $ denotes the number of roots counting multiplicitie s of the equation $ f(z) = a(z) $ for $ z$ in the angular domain $ \Omega (r,\varphi ,\epsilon ) = \{z: |\arg z - \varphi | < \epsilon $, $ |z| < r \} $ where $ 0 \leq \varphi < 2\pi $, $ \epsilon > 0$, $U(r,f) = (\log r)^{\lambda (r)} $, and $ \displaystyle{\ls \ \lambda (r) = \lambda} $.
Some new Ostrowski and Gr"Uss type inequalities
Authors: Pachpatte B. G.
Published: May 2019

In this paper we establish some new inequalities of Ostrowski and Gr"uss type, involving three functions whose second derivatives are bounded. The analysis used in the proofs is fairly elementary and based on the integral identities for twice differentiable functions.
On the set of $ \alpha $, $ p $-bounded variation of order $ h $
Authors: Malafosse Bruno De
Published: May 2019

In this paper we first explicit a subset of the set $ (l_p,l_u) $ for $ 1\le p
SP-convergence in $L$-topological spaces
Authors: Xu Zhen-Guo , Shi Fu-Gui
Published: May 2019

In this paper, SP-convergence theory of nets, ideals and filters are built by means of the concept of strongly preclosed $L$-sets. Their applications are presented.
Bibasic $q$-Appell series connected with Ramanujan's continued fractions
Authors: Srivastava Bhaskar
Published: May 2019

In this paper we give some summation formulae for bibasic $ q $-Appell function $ \overline{\varphi}^{(1)} $ and express Appell function $ \overline{\varphi}^{(1)} $ in terms of classical continued fractions of Ramanujan. We also express the $ q $-Appell function $ \varphi^{(1)} $ on one base as a continued fraction. The bibasic approach for the Appell series, we think, is new.
Multiple positive solutions for periodic boundary value problem via variational methods
Authors: Tian Yu , Ge Weigao
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we investigate the positive solutions of periodic boundary value problem. By using critical point theory the existence of multiple positive solutions is obtained.
A generalization of $ H $-closed spaces
Authors: Basu C. K. , Ghosh M. K. , Mandal S. S.
Published: May 2019

Whereas a space $ X $ can be embedded in a compact space if and only if it is Tychonoff, every space $ X $ can be embedded in an $H$-closed space(a generalization of compact space). In this paper, we further generalize, the concept of $H$-closedness into $ gH $-closedness and have shown that every connected space is either a $ gH $-closed space or can be embedded in a $ gH $-closed space. Also, in a locally connected regular space the concept of $ gH $-closedness is equivalent to the concepts of $ J $-ness and strong $ J $-ness due to E. Michael [7] and $ \theta $J-ness due to C.K. Basu et. al [1]. Several characterizations and properties of $ gH $-closed spaces with respect to subspaces, products and functional preservations (along with various examples) are given.
Some inequalities for the norm and the numerical radius of linear operators in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Dragomir S. S.
Published: May 2019

In this paper various inequalities between the operator norm and its numerical radius are provided. For this purpose, we employ some classical inequalities for vectors in inner product spaces due to Buzano, Goldstein-Ryff-Clarke, Dragomir-S ´andor and the author.
On strongly prime $ \Gamma $-near rings
Authors: Selvaraj C. , George R.
Published: May 2019

In this paper we prove some equivalent conditions for strongly prime
On Fredholm type integrodifferential equation
Authors: Pachpatte B. G.
Published: May 2019

In this paper we study the existence, uniqueness and other properties of solutions of a Fredholm type integrodifferential equation. The main tools employed in the analysis are based on the applications of the Banach fixed point theorem and a certain integral inequality with explicit estimate.
Metaphilosophy: History and Perspectives
Authors: Vasilyev Vadim V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2019

In this paper I discuss a prehistory of the recent metaphilosophical research and provide an overview of its most important areas. I review the ways of understanding of philosophy by the authors of the Early Modernity and contemporary continental philosophers and outline a trajectory of metaphilosophical discussions in analytic philosophy of 20th century. I try to show that the recent surge of metaphilosophy research in it could be explained by a search for a new identity of analytic philosophy after wide disappointment in the “linguistic turn,” as well as after criticism of Quine and his followers of various aspects of the common method of conceptual analysis, and expansion of the field of inquiry. I argue that contemporary analytic philosophy is much closer to the classical and modern tradition than to the early analytic philosophy. And the most important question for contemporary metaphilosophers seems to be a question about possible substitutes of an old-fashioned conceptual analysis. Some authors propose to get rid of armchair methods at all and follow experimental line of research. This, however, could be destructive to the philosophy as a separate discipline. That’s why it is important to pay utmost attention to those philosophers who try to save armchair philosophy. As Timothy Williamson is one of the most interesting authors working in this vein, I asses his role in the recent metaphilosophical research. I give a brief review of his book “Doing Philosophy” (2018) and draw attention to the fact that its main ideas are briefly expressed in his paper “Armchair Philosophy”, published in this issue of the journal. I claim that the importance of Timothy Williamson’s work is best explained by its role in realizing that philosophers now have to make a hard choice between dissolving philosophical methodology in methods of experimental sciences and trying to find way of justification of armchair philosophy.
Análisis de las actuaciones de protección ambiental y gestión turística en el Parque Regional de Calblanque, Monte de las Cenizas y Peña del Águila (Murcia, SE España)
Authors: Belmonte Serrato Francisco , Ballesteros Pelegrín Gustavo A. , Sánchez Sánchez Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2019

El Parque Regional de Calblanque, Monte de las Cenizas y Peña del Águila tiene 2.822 ha y más de 13 Km de costa en los municipios de Cartagena y la Unión. Con el objetivo de evaluar la gestión, conservación ambiental y turística entre 2000-2017, se utiliza como metodología el análisis de las memorias e informes de la administración. El resultado es la participación de 7 profesionales, un presupuesto anual superior a 600 mil euros para mantenimiento y limpieza, vigilancia, información y atención al visitante, infraestructuras y equipamientos de uso público, conservación de unas salinas, del bosque de Tetraclinis articulata y limitación de accesos de vehículos en verano.

The Regional Park of Calblanque, Monte de las Cenizas and Peña del Águila has 2,822 hectares and more than 13 km of coastline in the municipalities of Cartagena and La Union. With the objective of evaluating the management, environmental and tourist conservation between 2000-2017, the analysis of the reports and reports of the administration is used as a methodology. The result is the participation of 7 professionals, an annual budget of over 600 thousand euros for maintenance and cleaning, surveillance, information and visitor assistance, infrastructures and equipment for public use, conservation of some salt mines, the Tetraclinis articulata forest and limitation of vehicle accesses in summer.
Actividad turística en Cartagena (Murcia) a través del análisis de indicadores y percepción de sus actores directos
Authors: Jiménez Meseguer María José , Morales Yago Francisco José
Published: May 2019

La Recuperación del patrimonio cultural, natural y paisajístico de la ciudad de Cartagena constituyen un elemento clave en el desarrollo local de esta ciudad, así como un cambio en el modelo de desarrollo económico tradicionalmente dedicado principalmente al sector industrial, militar y portuario. En la actualidad la preponderancia del turismo como actividad dinamizadora está generando la creación de muchos puestos de trabajo tanto en la atención directa a los visitantes como a la necesidad de recuperar y mostrar un patrimonio cultural en muchos casos oculto desde hace siglos. El presente trabajo ofrece desde el uso estadístico de indicadores básicos y el propio análisis de encuesta, datos clarificadores sobre la actividad turística actual en Cartagena.

The recovery of the cultural, natural and landscape heritage of the city of Cartagena is a key element in the local development of this city, as well as a change in the model of economic development traditionally dedicated mainly to the industrial, military and port sectors. At present, the preponderance of tourism as a dynamic activity is generating the creation of many jobs both in the direct attention to visitors and the need to recover and show a cultural heritage in many cases hidden for centuries. The present work offers, from the statistical use of basic indicators and the own analysis of the survey, clarifying data about the current tourist activity in Cartagena.
Tres santuarios y tres modelos de gestión turística en la montaña sagrada de Randa (Mallorca)
Authors: Novo Malvárez Margarita , Forteza Oliver Miquela
Published: May 2019

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es estudiar los diferentes modelos de gestión turística de los tres santuarios localizados en la montaña de Randa (Mallorca), territorio en el que tienen cabida diversas espiritualidades y donde se distinguen diferentes fórmulas de entretenimiento y mercantilización de lo sagrado. La variedad de opciones que se materializan, indican una realidad dinámica y cambiante, extrapolable a otros lugares del ámbito internacional.

The objective of this research is to study the different models of tourism management of the three sanctuaries located in the mountain of Randa (Mallorca), territory where different spiritualities can be found and where different formulas of entertainment and commercialization of the sacred are distinguished. The variety of materialized options indicate a dynamic and changing reality, extrapolated to other places in the international context.
Value, satisfaction and loyalty in volunteerism. Application to a religious megaevent
Authors: Floristán Imízcoz Elena , Fayos Gardó Teresa , Servera-Francés David , Arteaga Moreno et al Francisco
Published: May 2019

This paper presents a study of the volunteer as an essential agent in the success of any event, and offers recommendations for improving management of megaevents. To achieve this goal we propose a structural model that analyses the multidimensionality of the value concept as antecedent of perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty. The study sample consists of volunteers who participated in the World Youth Day held in Madrid in 2011, obtaining a total number of 1427 cases. The results support all the hypotheses presented in the proposed model. Thus, it confirms that the multidimensionality of the value (spirituality, social value, play and efficiency) is an antecedent of perceived value while confirming the perceived value-satisfaction-loyalty chain. The most important background is play which shows that volunteering is better understood as entertainment, not as a job.

Keywords: Event, mega event, volunteerism, value, perceived value, satisfaction, loyalty.
Intervals of quasi-decompositionality and mechanistic explanations
Authors: Cáceres Emilio
Published: May 2019

Abstract: It is commonly assumed that the concept of mechanism is a keytool for the scientific understanding of observable phenomena. However, there is no single definition of mechanism in the current philosophy of science. In fact, philosophers have developed several characterizations of what seemed to be a clear intuitive concept for scientists. In this paper, I will analyze these philosophical conceptions of mechanism, highlighting their problematic aspects and proposing a new mechanistic approach based on the idea that the pertinent levels of organization for a mechanistic explanation can be identified with intervals of quasi-decompositionality. I argue that this approach allows us to consider that activities are directly derived from the entities’ structure. Consequently, a mechanistic explanation implies an arbitrary but not capricious choice of an organizational level. According to this approach, inter-level causation is merely apparent and there is no place for emergent properties.
Keywords: mechanisms, emergent properties, quasi-decompositionality, systems.
Quaderns de filosofia VI, 1
Authors: Fia Quad
Published: May 2019

Número complet / Número completo / Full Issue
A ribosome assembly stress response regulates transcription to maintain proteome homeostasis
Authors: Albert Benjamin , Kos-Braun Isabelle C , Henras Anthony K , Dez Christophe , Rueda Maria Paula , Zhang Xu , Gadal Olivier , Kos Martin , Shore David
Published: May 2019

Ribosome biogenesis is a complex and energy-demanding process requiring tight coordination of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and ribosomal protein (RP) production. Given the extremely high level of RP synthesis in rapidly growing cells, alteration of any step in the ribosome assembly process may impact growth by leading to proteotoxic stress. Although the transcription factor Hsf1 has emerged as a central regulator of proteostasis, how its activity is coordinated with ribosome biogenesis is unknown. Here, we show that arrest of ribosome biogenesis in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae triggers rapid activation of a highly specific stress pathway that coordinately upregulates Hsf1 target genes and downregulates RP genes. Activation of Hsf1 target genes requires neo-synthesis of RPs, which accumulate in an insoluble fraction and presumably titrate a negative regulator of Hsf1, the Hsp70 chaperone. RP aggregation is also coincident with that of the RP gene activator Ifh1, a transcription factor that is rapidly released from RP gene promoters. Our data support a model in which the levels of newly synthetized RPs, imported into the nucleus but not yet assembled into ribosomes, work to continuously balance Hsf1 and Ifh1 activity, thus guarding against proteotoxic stress during ribosome assembly.
Cell non-autonomous functions of S100a4 drive fibrotic tendon healing
Authors: Ackerman Jessica E , Nichols Anne EC , Studentsova Valentina , Best Katherine T , Knapp Emma , Loiselle Alayna E
Published: May 2019

Identification of pro-regenerative approaches to improve tendon healing is critically important as the fibrotic healing response impairs physical function. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that S100a4 haploinsufficiency or inhibition of S100a4 signaling improves tendon function following acute injury and surgical repair in a murine model. We demonstrate that S100a4 drives fibrotic tendon healing primarily through a cell non-autonomous process, with S100a4 haploinsufficiency promoting regenerative tendon healing. Moreover, inhibition of S100a4 signaling via antagonism of its putative receptor, RAGE, also decreases scar formation. Mechanistically, S100a4 haploinsufficiency decreases myofibroblast and macrophage content at the site of injury, with both cell populations being key drivers of fibrotic progression. Moreover, S100a4-lineage cells become α-SMA+ myofibroblasts, via loss of S100a4 expression. Using a combination of genetic mouse models, small molecule inhibitors and in vitro studies we have defined S100a4 as a novel, promising therapeutic candidate to improve tendon function after acute injury.
Application of Portfolio Approach towards Energy Security: A Case Study of Japan and Implications for India
Authors: Halder Dulal , Gupta Anshuman
Published: May 2019

Adequate and affordable energy supplies are lifeline of modern economies. Security of energy supplies constitutes the core of strategic concerns of consuming countries in ensuring national defense, economic development and social cohesion. Energy policy planners face a diverse range of institutional challenges in generating dynamic energy strategy which can guarantee uninterrupted supplies at affordable prices. This study aims to describe policy enablers in finding a framework that allows policymakers and researchers to conceptualize the status of current energy arrangements, then analyze the risks therein and measures of mitigation. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics to describe portfolio approach as a function of state policy for energy security. The case study of Japan has been analyzed to bring out the key lessons for India’s energy security pursuits.
A Short History of Wellbeing Research
Authors: Stoll Laura
Published: May 2019

This chapter presents a brief history of the conceptualization, research, and measurement of wellbeing over the past 2,000 years. It draws from several disciplines: sociology, economics, philosophy, and psychology and picks out four key eras in the history of wellbeing theorizing, research, and measurement: Ancient Greece, the Enlightenment, nineteenth‐century Europe, and the second half of the twentieth century in Europe and the United States.
Nonrigid registration of medical image based on adaptive local structure tensor and normalized mutual information
Authors: Yang Tiejun , Tang Qi , Li Lei , Song Jikun , Zhu Chunhua , Tang Lu
Published: May 2019

Nonrigid registration of medical images is especially critical in clinical treatment. Mutual information is a popular similarity measure for medical image registration; however, only the intensity statistical characteristics of the global consistency of image are considered in MI, and the spatial information is ignored. In this paper, a novel intensity‐based similarity measure combining normalized mutual information with spatial information for nonrigid medical image registration is proposed. The different parameters of Gaussian filtering are defined according to the regional variance, the adaptive Gaussian filtering is introduced into the local structure tensor. Then, the obtained adaptive local structure tensor is used to extract the spatial information and define the weighting function. Finally, normalized mutual information is distributed to each pixel, and the discrete normalized mutual information is multiplied with a weighting term to obtain a new measure. The novel measure fully considers the spatial information of the image neighborhood, gives the location of the strong spatial information a larger weight, and the registration of the strong gradient regions has a priority over the small gradient regions. The simulated brain image with single‐modality and multimodality are used for registration validation experiments. The results show that the new similarity measure improves the registration accuracy and robustness compared with the classical registration algorithm, reduces the risk of falling into local extremes during the registration process.
More than a funder, the SSA needs community providers
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2019

The Single State Authority — SSA — is an office, but, in reality, is actually a person. This person is in charge of the ongoing Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment (SAPT) block grant. There is one in every state. This person is also in charge of the STR and SOR grants for opioid use disorder treatment. For this story, we interviewed four longtime former SSAs about their lessons learned and their advice to new SSAs in a role that is in the spotlight both within state government and in the community, as billions of new dollars flow out to their systems. Each SSA is a member of the National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors (NASADAD).
Harwood, retired NASADAD research director, on data, grants
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2019

Henrick J. Harwood, research director of the National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors (NASADAD) from 2008 to 2018, talked about highlights from his years at the organization.
Influence of Porosity Orientation on Physical Properties in Porous PZT Ceramics
Authors: Eichhorn Franziska , Kakimoto Ken‐ichi , Greil Peter , Fey Tobias
Published: May 2019

Orientation of porosity in porous media influences the pore network and their physical properties. Sacrificial cellulose templates arranged in different stacked layer orientation configurations with various distortion form the oriented pore network. The templates are embedded into non‐aqueous lead zirconate titanate (PZT) slurry (solid fracture of 48 vol%) and burn‐out while sintering. The porous PZT ceramics have a mean porosity of up to 39% Microcomputer tomography (μCT) measurement and SEM analysis are used for pore network analysis. The longitudinal and transversal piezoelectric coefficients (d33 and d31) and the relative permittivity ϵr vary between 15 and 98% according to the reference sample. The bending strength σb (double ring test) is reduced by 60% with increasing porosity compared to the dense sample.
Nonflammable and Magnetic Sponge Decorated with Polydimethylsiloxane Brush for Multitasking and Highly Efficient Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Liu Yingying , Wang Xin , Feng Shengyu
Published: May 2019

Developing sponge materials integrating excellent flame retardancy, multitasking separation performance, and efficient emulsion‐breaking ability is significant but challenging for the remediation of oil spills causing fires and environmental damages. Herein, a superhydrophobic oil–water separation sponge material, containing a melamine‐formaldehyde (MF) sponge substrate, magnetic polydopamine (PDA) coating, and branched polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) brush, through dopamine‐mediated surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP) is fabricated. The synergistic flame resistance of the MF substrate and PDMS brush significantly improves its adaptability in fire. More importantly, the decorated PDMS brushes can effectively overcome the size mismatch between sponge macropores and tiny emulsified droplets, while remaining the intrinsic macroporous characteristic. When treating W/O emulsions, the PDMS brushes stretch up to act as “interface‐breaking blades” to accelerate the coalescence of emulsified water droplets. Meanwhile, such PDMS brushes can serve as “oil‐trapping tentacles” to efficiently capture oil droplets when treating O/W emulsions. Such material design synergistically contributes to satisfactory separation efficiency (98.7%) and ultrahigh permeation flux (up to 1.35 × 105 L m−2 h−1), even for treating high viscosity emulsions. Besides, the reported sponge also inherits robust durability, superior recyclability, and convenient magnetic collection. These features make the sponge promising for multitasking and highly efficient oil–water separation.
Adiponitrile (C6H8N2): A New Bi‐Functional Additive for High‐Performance Li‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Lee Seon Hwa , Hwang Jang‐Yeon , Park Seong‐Jin , Park Geon‐Tae , Sun Yang‐Kook
Published: May 2019

Rechargeable batteries with a Li metal anode and Ni‐rich Li[NixCoyMn1−x−y]O2 cathode (Li/Ni‐rich NCM battery) have been emerging as promising energy storage devices because of their high‐energy density. However, Li/Ni‐rich NCM batteries have been plagued by the issue of the thermodynamic instability of the Li metal anode and aggressive surface chemistry of the Ni‐rich cathode against electrolyte solution. In this study, a bi‐functional additive, adiponitrile (C6H8N2), is proposed which can effectively stabilize both the Li metal anode and Ni‐rich NCM cathode interfaces. In the Li/Ni‐rich NCM battery, the addition of 1 wt% adiponitrile in 0.8 m LiTFSI + 0.2 M LiDFOB + 0.05 M LiPF6 dissolved in EMC/FEC = 3:1 electrolyte helps to produce a conductive and robust Li anode/electrolyte interface, while strong coordination between Ni4+ on the delithiated Ni‐rich cathode and nitrile group in adiponitrile reduces parasitic reactions between the electrolyte and Ni‐rich cathode surface. Therefore, upon using 1 wt% adiponitrile, the Li/full concentration gradient Li[Ni0.73Co0.10Mn0.15Al0.02]O2 battery achieves an unprecedented cycle retention of 75% over 830 cycles under high‐capacity loading of 1.8 mAh cm−2 and fast charge–discharge time of 2 h. This work marks an important step in the development of high‐performance Li/Ni‐rich NCM batteries with efficient electrolyte additives.
Photoresponsive Actuators Built from Carbon‐Based Soft Materials
Authors: Yang Meijia , Yuan Zhongke , Liu Jie , Fang Zhengsong , Fang Long , Yu Dingshan , Li Quan
Published: May 2019

Photoresponsive soft actuators with photomechanical energy conversion and flexibility have attracted significant interest in recent years owing to their unique merits of flexibility, contactless operation, and remote control, as well as their multiple technological applications ranging from bionic robotics and biomedical devices to nanomotors. Seeking efficient photoresponsive materials with high energy conversion efficiency and robust mechanical properties and identifying effective photoactuation mechanisms are of paramount significance for the development of advanced photoactuators. Due to their unique optical properties, high mechanical strength, superior electrical and thermal conductivity, good flexibility, and stability, carbon‐based materials are regarded as attractive candidates for high‐performance photoresponsive actuators. Furthermore, easy functionalization or hybridization with other functional species substantially extends the functions of these materials and widens the application scope for photoactuators. Herein, this review summarizes the recent progress of photoactuators based on various carbon‐based soft materials, including 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D nanocarbons as well as their functional soft composites with other responsive materials. Multiple driving schemes of photoresponsive actuators including photothermal, photomechanical, photoelectronic, and photochemical effects, photoactuating architecture design, and potential technological applications of photoactuators are elucidated. Furthermore, certain future opportunities and challenges in the ever‐flourishing optical‐to‐mechanical energy conversion area are emphasized and discussed.
Photomobile Polymer Materials with Complex 3D Deformation, Continuous Motions, Self‐Regulation, and Enhanced Processability
Authors: Ube Toru , Ikeda Tomiki
Published: May 2019

Liquid‐crystalline polymers with photodeformable properties have been extensively studied due to their ability of wireless conversion of light energy into mechanical work. With the development of crosslinked liquid‐crystalline polymers, various 3D motions, such as bending, twisting, oscillation, rotation, and translational motion have been successfully induced. Recent trends for developing soft robots and microrobots accelerate the progress of photomobile polymer materials. This review is focused on recent advances in the field of photomobile materials based on liquid‐crystalline polymers. The structure–function relationship in photomobile polymer materials is overviewed, and the progress in recent years is detailed in terms of complex 3D deformation, continuous motions, self‐regulation, and processability.
Quantum Well Energetics of an n = 2 Ruddlesden–Popper Phase Perovskite
Authors: Silver Scott , Dai Qingqing , Li Hong , Brédas Jean‐Luc , Kahn Antoine
Published: May 2019

A comprehensive investigation of the electronic energy levels of an n = 2 Ruddlesden–Popper phase perovskite is presented. Ultraviolet and inverse photoemission spectroscopies are used to probe the density of states in the valence and conduction bands, respectively, of the quasi‐2D perovskite, butylammonium cesium lead iodide (BA2CsPb2I7). By comparing experimental spectra with calculated projected density of states, the contributions from Cs, Pb, and I to the quantum well states are identified, and distinguished from those of the organic ligand barrier layer. The ionization energy, electron affinity, and exciton binding energy of this material are derived. The energetics of the quantum well structure are discussed in terms of the number of Pb‐halide layers. The resulting energy diagram suggests that a type‐I heterojunction would be formed with the n = 1 BA2PbI4. Finally, surface photovoltage performed via Kelvin probe force microscopy is used to evaluate band bending at the surface of the BA2CsPb2I7 thin films.
Variation in facial bone growth remodeling in prehistoric populations from southern South America
Authors: Brachetta‐Aporta Natalia , Gonzalez Paula N. , Bernal Valeria
Published: May 2019

Objectives

To assess the intraspecific variation in bone remodeling patterns in modern humans, we studied two populations from southern South America that represent the extremes of morphological variation in this region. We particularly analyzed the ontogenetic changes in the patterns of bone growth remodeling and compared the patterns between samples.

Materials and methods

We obtained high‐resolution casts of the periosteal surface of the upper and middle face of subadults (n = 36) and adult (n = 36) individuals from a sample of hunter‐gatherers from Patagonia and a sample of horticulturists from Northwest Argentina. The areas of bone formation and resorption were registered using an incident‐light microscope. We then estimated the average bone remodeling map by sample and age, and performed principal component analysis and multivariate regressions to assess the extension and distribution of these areas across ontogeny and between samples.

Results

We found that the remodeling pattern of the glabella, supraorbital arch, frontal process of the maxilla, and a large part of the zygomatic bone is relatively constant in subadults and adults from both sample with a clear predominance of bone formation. In contrast, the middle face is characterized by the spatial alternation between formation and resorption areas, and greater variation with age and between samples. The main differences were found in areas related to chewing and muscle insertions.

Conclusions

Our study provides the first evidence of interpopulation variation in bone growth remodeling and suggests that biomechanical factors can influence the observed patterns. It also underlines the need to account for ecological factors in within and between species comparisons.
Productive Manipulation of Cyanine Dye π‐Networks
Authors: Usama Syed Muhammad , Thompson Tye , Burgess Kevin
Published: May 2019

Polymethine bridges in cyanine dyes may be constrained by setting them into edge‐fused ring systems, or extended by conjugation with carefully chosen heterocycles. Recent studies have shown that modifications like these can give significantly brighter dyes with red‐shifted absorbance and emission maxima.
Asymmetric epoxidation of unfunctionalized olefins catalyzed by chiral salen‐Mn (III) immobilized on alkoxyl‐modified ZnPS‐PVPA
Authors: Huang Jing , Xie Junjie , Cai Jiali
Published: May 2019

Novel layered heterogeneous chiral salen Mn (III) catalysts anchored onto ZnPS‐PVPA by means of click chemistry are synthesized and employed in asymmetric epoxidations of unfunctionalized olefins. The catalysts manifest superior catalytic performances (conv%, up to >99; ee%, up to >99) according to the epoxidations of α‐methylstyrene, styrene, indene and 1‐octene. But for 6‐cyano‐ 2,2‐dimethylchromene and 6‐nitro‐2,2‐dimethylchromene, configuration of epoxides are reversed. Moreover, the catalysts could still indicate comparable properties (yield, 82%; ee, 86%) after recycling for nine times and excellent functions in large‐scale reactions, which paves the way for the application in industry.
Tin powder promoted synthesis of trifluoroethylamine‐containing 3,3′‐disubstituted oxindoles
Authors: Wang Xiaoping , Huang Danfeng , Wang Ke‐Hu , Liu Jiaxin , Zong Wuzhong , Wang Juanjuan , Su Yingpeng , Hu Yulai
Published: May 2019

An efficient and facile approach for the construction of trifluoroethylamine‐containing 3,3′‐disubstituted oxindoles or 3‐spirooxindoles is developed through the reaction of isatins, 2,2,2‐trifluoroethylamine hydrochloride and allyl bromides or 2‐(bromomethyl)acrylic ester mediated by tin powder. This method uses simple and commercially available 2,2,2‐trifluoroethylamine hydrochloride as a trifluoroethylamine building block and avoids the use of toxic allylstannanes.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of g‐C3N4/NiFe2O4 Nanocomposite and Its Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Gebreslassie Gebrehiwot , Bharali Pankaj , Chandra Umesh , Sergawie Assefa , Baruah Purna K. , Das Manash R. , Alemayehu Esayas
Published: May 2019

Herein, for the first time, a direct Z‐scheme g‐C3N4/NiFe2O4 nanocomposite photocatalyst was prepared using facile one‐pot hydrothermal method and characterized using XRD, FT‐IR, DRS, PL, SEM, EDS, TEM, HRTEM, XPS, BET and VSM characterized techniques. The result reveals that the NiFe2O4 nanoparticles are loaded on the g‐C3N4 sheets successfully. The photocatalytic activities of the as‐prepared photocatalysts were evaluated for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation. It was shown that the photocatalytic activity of the g‐C3N4/NiFe2O4 nanocomposite is about 4.4 and 3 times higher than those of the pristine NiFe2O4 and g‐C3N4 respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be ascribed to the formation of g‐C3N4/NiFe2O4 direct Z‐scheme photocatalyst, which results in efficient space separation of photogenerated charge carriers. More importantly, the as‐prepared Z‐scheme photocatalyst can be recoverable easily from the solution by an external magnetic field and it shows almost the same activity for three consecutive cycles. Considering the simplicity of preparation method, this work will provide new insights into the design of high‐performance magnetic Z‐scheme photocatalysts for organic contaminate removal.
Using metro lines for integration of nucleotide metabolic pathways
Authors: Lee Rebecca K. Y. , Ng Bernard Y. N. , Chen Daisy M. H.
Published: May 2019

Students always encounter difficulties in studying biochemical pathways. They are especially weak in understanding the relationships between metabolic pathways and their integration because these pathways are always taught one‐by‐one in class. In the past, various online resources have been developed to facilitate students' understanding toward energy metabolism. Although these learning materials enable students to understand individual metabolic pathway in a clearer manner, many of them fail to demonstrate the linkages between these pathways. The “AG City” is a self‐learning tool which aims to arouse students' interest in exploring nucleotide metabolism. We have designed a metro map as a concept map to allow students to have an overview of different pathways as well as their integration. Major pathways are presented as railway lines in an easy‐to‐understand and interactive manner using navigation, animations, and narrations. Key molecules involved in the pathways are presented as “railway stations”. Students can easily identify common “railway stations” presented in different pathways and link the concepts that they have learnt together. This interactive self‐learning tool has been packaged as a courseware using the Articulate Storyline eLearning authoring software. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(5):532–537, 2019.
Suitability of a generic virus safety evaluation for monoclonal antibody investigational new drug applications
Authors: Sipple Patrick , Nguyen Tung , Patel Krina , Jaffe Neil , Chen Yan , Khetan Anurag
Published: May 2019

Biologics produced from CHO cell lines with endogenous virus DNA can produce retrovirus‐like particles in cell culture at high titers, and other adventitious viruses can find their way through raw materials into the process to make a product. Therefore, it is the industry standard to have controls to avoid introduction of viruses into the production process, to test for the presence of viral particles in unclarified cell culture, and to develop purification procedures to ensure that manufacturing processes are robust for viral clearance. Data have been accumulated over the past four decades on unit operations that can inactivate and clear adventitious virus and provide a high degree of assurance for patient safety. During clinical development, biological products are traditionally tested at process set points for viral clearance. However, the widespread implementation of platform production processes to produce highly similar IgG antibodies for many indications makes it possible to leverage historical data and knowledge from representative molecules to allow for better understanding and control of virus safety. More recently, individualized viral clearance studies are becoming the rate‐limiting step in getting new antibody molecules to clinic, particularly in Phase 0 and eIND situations. Here, we explore considerations for application of a generic platform virus clearance strategy that can be applied for relevant investigational antibodies within defined operational parameters in order to increase speed to the clinic and reduce validation costs while providing a better understanding and assurance of process virus safety.