bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Need for Ethical and Multiculturally Competent Practice of Psychology in Myanmar
Authors:   Webster University, Thailand, Maung Maung Kyi Phyu , Beckstein Amoneeta ,   Fort Lewis College, USA
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT Myanmar’s mental health system is in dire need of improvement. The importance of mental health care has generally been overlooked and undervalued in the country. The negligence seems to stem from a lack of policies, training, infrastructure, funding, stigmatization, and a suitable ethical code of conduct. Due to six decades of international isolation, the small discipline of psychology, which already faced social disdain due to stigmatization, was further degraded as an academic discipline. Coupled with the recent ongoing violence that likely contributed to trauma amongst some of the population, this highlights the importance of well-established multiculturally competent ethical guidelines for psychology to gain a respectable reputation as a viable mental health treatment and as a scientific study of human behavior. This paper is an autoethnography exploring Myanmar’s barriers to effective mental health care while emphasizing establishing an empirically backed culturally competent ethical code of conduct for Myanmar’s field of psychology. As an individual born and raised in Myanmar, the first author hopes to shed some light on the mental health crisis in Myanmar by sharing her personal experiences. The authors also reviewed and analyzed the American Psychological Association’s (APA) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct and explored the multiculturally competent adaptability and applicability of the APA Ethical Code of Conduct to Myanmar culture. Recommendations and implications for practitioners and future research were offered. KEYWORDS: Ethical Code of Conduct, mental health care, multicultural competence, Myanmar, psychology
Leadership In Post-Democratic South Africa - Building Support Towards The Advancement Of Women
Authors:   Rhodes University, South Africa, Moodly Adéle L.
Published: April 2022

Abstract Within a continuously changing environment, leadership qualities cannot be static. The ability to adapt leadership styles pro-actively or in response to change, is an important quality. This paper reports on a survey carried out amongst a small group of women in higher education, at a women’s leadership academy in South Africa. It explored whether, with the dawn of democracy in South Africa in 1994 and post this period, there was a difference in the view of the characteristics of leadership in higher education compared to the apartheid period (pre- 1994), and what that view would be if it had changed. It also further explored whether there was a view that the characteristics of leadership was gender specific. Lastly, questions focused on whether there was a need for continued support for women towards and in leadership. Comments indicated that participants felt that more women had been included in higher education leadership post-democracy, but that leadership qualities were still gender specific, with traditionally viewed masculine characteristics still predominant. The responses also reflected a continued need for support and development for women in and towards higher education leadership, with various suggestions on the forms this should take. Responses resonated with the scholarly literature arguments for adaptability in leadership, considering organisational and environmental sustainability and ever-increasing complexities of these milieus. The paper reports on the findings of the survey using a qualitative approach, although numerical data is minimally presented at times. The focus is on the comments to the survey questions, with a qualitative analysis and presentation of findings, linking these to the literature on leadership qualities and support for women towards and in leadership. KEYWORDS: leadership characteristics, gender, South African higher education, leadership support for women
Changing landscape of respiratory conduct and its stressful impact during covid-19 crisis
Authors: Mudassar Sahar , Ali Mudassar , Habib Bilal , Bashir Farukh , Ahmed Shoaib , Mubeen Amna , Nisar Umber
Published: April 2022

Background: The country was placed under a nationwide lockdown on April 1st, which was then extended twice more until May 9th. When the lockdown came to an end, it was gradually lifted. Following the initial wave, the nation has fought COVID-19 by implementing "smart lockdowns" and enforcing standard operating procedures (SOPs). Aims: To assess participants' respiratory etiquette, anxiety, and depression in the context of the COVID pandemic after the constraint of lockdown has been lifted. Methods: From May 2020 to February 2021, a total of 120 participants participated in this cross-sectional study. Data collection is done through the use of a proforma. Anxiety and depression were measured using the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales, which were used in conjunction with each other. It was disseminated by a deliberate snowball sampling procedure. Consent was obtained through the use of Google Forms. Results: Only 30 percent of the 120 participants wore a mask at all times. Anxiety and despair were experienced by 49 percent and 42 percent of those surveyed, respectively. Anxiety and depression were shown to be related with 35-50 year old females, HCPs, and family members who tested positive for COVID-19. Conclusions: Following the lockdown, participants' respiratory hygiene etiquette may have deteriorated, maybe due to their decreased anxiety about COVID-19 infection. Females, HCPs, and family members who tested positive for COVID-19 were shown to have higher levels of anxiety and sadness than other groups. Keywords: Anxiety, depression, Covid 19
Interplay of Thyroid hormones, Nitric oxide and Nitric oxide synthase in Potentiating the Breast Cancer metastasis
Authors: Bokhari Maira Mahmood , Sattar Huma , Malik Arif , Khurshid Rukhshan , Aamir Faiza , Malik Aamenah
Published: April 2022

Background: Thyroid hormones are able to induce proliferation of breast cancer(BC) cells and these growth promoting effects were similar to estrogen suggesting a significant small talk between the two hormones. Aims and Objectives: A cross sectional study is designed to see the Interplay of thyroid hormones (fT3 and fT4), nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase in potentiating BC metastasis. Material and Methods: 288 consented breast cancer patients within the age range of 30-60 years and 100 age matched healthy controls were included in the study. Estimation of thyroid hormones including fT3 and fT4, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Matrix Metalloprotienase 9 (MMP-9) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was carried out by ELISA. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20.0. Variables of subjects and patients was compared by student ‘t’ test. The Correlation analysis was carried out by Pearson Correlation Coefficient. . Results: Increased levels of T3, T4, VEGF,NO, NOS AND MMP 9 were observed in subjects as compared to controls. Correlation coefficient showed positive correlation between fT3,NO and NOS. On the other hand, negative correlation was observed between fT4, NO and NOS. Conclusion: This study indicates a probable relationship between hyperthyroidism, NO,NOS,VEGF in the progression and metastasis of BC. Key Words: Thyroid hormones, breast cancer, nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase, MMP 9 and VEGF.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Urine Dipstick for Diagnosis of Preeclampsia
Authors: Qayyum Asma , Iqbal Rubina , Ali Rafia
Published: April 2022

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of urine dipstick for diagnosis of preeclampsia in females with gestational hypertension taking 24hours urinary protein as gold standard Methodology: In this Cross sectional study conducted at, Unit III, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore during the year 2019. A total 100 females fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included through OPD. Then females were given a sterile container to collect the urine sample. Dipstick was dipped in urine sample for 1-2 minutes. Results of dipstick was noted and patients were labeled as positive or negative. Then females were admitted in gynecology wards for 24 hours to collect urine sample in collection bag. After 24 hours, complete sample was sent to the laboratory of the hospital for assessment of urinary protein level. Reports were assessed and patients were confirmed as positive or negative. Females with preeclampsia were managed as per hospital protocol. Results: According to urine dipstick test preeclampsia was diagnosed in 63(63%) women. According to 24 hours urinary protein criteria preeclampsia was diagnosed in 54(54%) women. Sensitivity and specificity of urine dipstick test was 90.74% and 69.5%. While PPV &NPV were 77.78% and 86.49% respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of urine dipstick was 81%. Conclusion: The diagnostic tests accuracy of urine dipstick for diagnosis of preeclampsia in females with gestational hypertensionis reliable, relatively faster and accurate.It is also concluded that it is much more reliablethan 24hours urinary proteintest. Key words: Diagnostic Accuracy Urine dipstick, Diagnosis, Preeclampsia, Gestational, Hypertension, 24hours, Urinary protein
Diagnostic Value of Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging and MRS in Assessment of Malignant Brain Lesions
Authors: Saeed Sammer , Ameer Saima , Saeed Haroon , Habib Uzma , Hanif Nadia , Siddique Smeera
Published: April 2022

Background: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of DWI and MRS in assessment of the malignant brain lesions. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in Department of Diagnostic Radiology from March 2021, to December 2021 in Lahore General Hospital. Sample size selected was 50 patients referred to the Department of Diagnostic Radiology for their suspected brain lesion assessments. The patients were evaluated by the DWI magnetic resonance imaging and MRS. Classifications of lesions were benign and malignant on the basis of radiological findings. The data was compared with the histopathological results as a gold standard. Results: The malignant lesions from benign lesions were differentiated with DWI images and ADC mapping. Lower ADC values with restricted diffusion was considered malignant and higher ADC value with no restricted diffusion was considered benign. DWI images findings had the 77% sensitivity and 75% specificity. Cho/Cr, Cho/ NAA ratios has highest sensitivity and specificity at short TE (96%,86%) Conclusion: DWI and MRS are helpful noninvasive techniques in detecting the malignant brain lesions and can help to avoid unnecessary biopsy in the patients suspecting brain lesions. Keywords: Brain lesion, Diffusion weighted image, Malignant, Benign, MRS
Comparison of Hematoma Block V. Intravenous Sedation in Reduction of Distal Radius Extra Articular Fractures in Adults
Authors: Khan Jahan Zeb , Cheema Muhammad Omer , Naqvi Muhammad Ammar , Latif Usman , Rehman M. Saif-ur-, , Shafiq Zahid
Published: April 2022

Objective: To compare hematoma block versus intravenous sedation in reduction of distal radius extra articular fractures in adults. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of the Study: The emergency department of Orthopedic Unit, Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from 1st August 2021 to 31st January 2022. Material and Methods: A total of 330 patients who presented in the emergency department of Orthopedic Unit were included. Patients were divided into two groups (165 patients in each group). Patients in Group-A underwent hematoma block method (10ml of 2% lidocaine into the fracture site) while in Group-B, sedation method (using Inj. Propofol, 1-2.5mg induction and 50-200mcg/kg/min intravenous maintenance dose) was adopted. Pre reduction and post reduction pain scores were calculated using VAS from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain). Details were recorded regarding age, gender of the patient, pain score and reduction time. Results: In a total of 330 cases, 91 (27.6%) were male and 239 (72.4%) were female. Overall, mean age was calculated to 35.22±8.81 years while 224 (67.9%) patients were aged between 20 to 40 years. Mean pain score was calculated to be 4.96±0.74 before the treatment. Post-treatment, patients in hematoma block method group had statistically significant less pain score (p=0.0001), total reduction in pain (p=0.0002) and time to reduction of pain (p=0.0001). Conclusion: We concluded that hematoma block is superior in terms of mean reduction in pain score and mean time to reduction in patients presenting with distal radial fractures when compared with intra-venous sedation. Keywords: Extra-articular distal radius fractures, pain reduction, hematoma block, intravenous sedation
Comparison of Excellent Outcome of Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion with Sevoflurane Versus Propofol as Induction Agent in Patients Undergoing Elective Surgeries under General Anesthesia
Authors: Ali Sheikh Ziarat , Javaid Kamran , Sharif Rahila , Zahid Rabia , Chaudary Mehtab Tipu , Aslam Fariha
Published: April 2022

Objective: To compare the excellent outcome of laryngeal mask airway insertion with sevoflurane versus propofol as induction agent in patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Study Setting: was conducted at Department of Anesthesia, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from November 2020 to April 2021. Materials and Methods: Using a random number table, patients were randomised into two groups at random. Group A was given up to 2.5 mg/kg of propofol intravenously while breathing 100% oxygen through a face mask. The anaesthetic circuit in Group B was primed for 30 seconds with Sevoflurane 8% IN N2O 50% and O2 (flow rate 8 liter/minute). Results: In our study the mean age of the patients was 33.89±9.64 years. 70% patients were males and 30% patients were females. The study results showed the excellent outcome was observed in 70.50% patients and it was not observed in 29.50% patients. Conclusion: Our study results concluded that the Sevoflurane is a safe and reliable anesthetic compared with currently available Propofol agent in patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. Keywords: General Anesthesia, Sevoflurane, Propofol, Mallampati, Laryngeal Mask Airway, LMA
A Randomized Double Blind Controlled Trial of Ringers Lactate Versus Normal Saline Among Pediatric Patients with Acute Severe Diarrhea
Authors: Shaikh Bela , . Ifra , Ghoto Saminanaz , Langah Aziz Ullah , Zaidi Syeda Amber , Faisal Syed Fazal E Karim
Published: April 2022

Objective: To compare ringer’s lactate versus normal saline as a fluid replacement therapy among pediatric patients with acute severe diarrhea and dehydration. Study Setting: A quasi experimental study was undertaken at Paediatric medicine department, “Peoples university of medical and health sciences for women Nawabshah during April to September 2021”. Material and Methods: A quasi experimental study was conducted. Randomly participants were divided in two groups, in group A Ringer lactate was given while in group B normal saline was given for fluid replacement. Detailed history, clinical findings, demographic details and the serum electrolytes, renal parameters and acid-base status of participants of both groups were noted on a pre-formed proforma, before and after 6 hours of starting fluid replacement therapy. Data was analyzed by using SPSS V-20. Results:Mean age of the study participants of RL groups was 3.35 ± 1.22 and 3.39 ± 1.19 of NS group with male predominance. At the time of admission, there was no significant association of demographic and clinical characteristics between RL and NS groups.After starting treatment, at the end of 6 hours the status of dehydration and pH were improved more in the participants of RL group. The change in serum electrolytes comprising potassium, chloride and sodium were greater in groups RL, on the other hand, significant p-values were noted only with sodium and potassium. Looking over the acid-base status, the alteration in pH and serum bicarbonate was greater in group RL as compared to group NS with significant p-value. Conclusion:It can be concluded that the ringer’s lactate is superior to normal saline as a fluid replacement therapy in pediatric patients of acute gastroenteritis. Keywords: Acute watery diarrhea, Severe dehydration, Ringer’s lactate, Normal saline, Fluid replacement therapy
Fetomaternal Outcome in Females with Hepatitis Virus
Authors: Yaqoob Uzma , Hanif Asif , Rasool Sadaf Ghulam , Ashraf Tahira , Zahra Fatima Tu , Parveen Sajida
Published: April 2022

Objective: This study was designed to see fetomaternal outcome in pregnant females with hepatitis virus infection. Methodology: This cross sectional study was designed at Lady Atchison hospital Lahore from March 2015 to September 2015. Using nonprobability purposive sampling, we enrolled 104 cases with hepatitis virus infection, in which 80(76.9%) cases had HCV and 24(23.1%) had Hepatitis B virus. Pregnant females 18-40 years old with gestational age > 24 weeks (on dating scan), having any parity with positive diagnosis of HCV or HBV through Eliza were enrolled to see their fetomaternal outcome. The collected information was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 20. Results: The mean age of mothers was 27.35±4.339 years and mean gestational age at time of delivery was 36.1±3.51 weeks with minimum and maximum of 27 and 41 weeks. The mean birth weight was 2.792 ±1.41 kg whereas the mean APGAR score was 6.56±1.92 at 6 minutes. Intrauterine Deaths were observed in 10(9.6%) women. Preterm labour was seen in 24(23.1%) women. Fetal distress was found in 36 (34.6%) women. Emergency C section was done for 72 (30.8%) women. Postpartum haemorrhage was seen in 2 (1.9%) women. A total of 34 (32.7%) premature babies were born. Conslusion: Pregnant females with hepatitis infection had increased risk of intrauterine death, fetal distress and emergency caesarean delivery. Moreover, high percentage of low birth weight, pre-mature births and preterm labour was also observed. Keywords: Hepatitis Virus, C-section, low birth weight, premature births and preterm labour.
Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Based Intervention on Resilience and Burnout among Staff Nurses Working in Critical Care Departments
Authors: Yasmin Khalida , Yaqoob Adnan , Sarwer Hajra
Published: April 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) based intervention on resilience and burnout variables among staff nurses working in critical care department of the healthcare setting. Background: In the healthcare setting, emergency department is extremely risky unit where atmosphere frequently becomes unpredictable. In this environment emergency staff nurses most of the time taking persistent stress effect on mental well-being which lead to exhaustion. In critical care department’s nurses have potentially affected by anxiety due to stressful environment and workload which is the leading factor of negative outcome and result in burnout. Cognitive behavior therapy-based intervention (CBT) is one of the effective intervention to decrease self-reported burnout, as well as increased resilience Methods: A convenient sampling technique was performed collecting the demographic data and information during the face to face interview of 50 working nurse’s staff. The educational interventions, consisted of 08 manualized weekly 60-minute sessions. Data were collected at baseline and after intervention that measured stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, healthy lifestyle beliefs and behaviors, and job satisfaction. Simple descriptive, paired sample T-test and Wilcoxon signed Rank test was applied for data analysis. Results: The intervention group scored significantly better with moderate to large positive effects on the burnout and resilience variables as well as healthy lifestyle behaviors after the 08 weeks of interventional sessions. Conclusions: The CBT including direct educational sessions has excellent potential as evidence-based interventions for improving the mental health, healthy lifestyle beliefs and behaviors related to job satisfaction in working staff nurses of emergency department. Keywords: Cognitive behavior, interventions, Burnout, Resilience, Nurses.
The Effect of Standardized Guidelines of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Care on Length of Stay in Cardiac Patients
Authors: Ghafoor Yasmeen , Sarwar Hajra , Afzal M. , Hanif Asif , Gilani Amir , Ghafoor Samreena
Published: April 2022

Length of stay in the Intensive care units is special as an outcome. The adverse outcome is defined as the length of stay ≥ 5 days that is 120 hours and the normal length of stay was defined as < 5 days. Standardized guideline developed for nurses practice to reduce the length of stay in cardiac patients durnning the of intra-aortic balloon pump support. This guidelinewas very helpful for nurse’s practices to reduce the length of stay. heart transplantation is the gold standard management for cardiac patients with advanced congestive heart failure and myocardial infraction. Mechanical circulatory support devices have been gradually used as a ‘bridge’ in order to stand organ function and stabilizehemodynamics while patients remain on the transplant waiting list or undergo left ventricular assist device surgery. The intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is a myocardial assist device that was first introduced into clinical practice in 1968.The procedure of counter pulsation wasfirstlydesignated by Dr Adrian Kantrowitz in 1953. Aim of study: To assess the effect of standardized guidelines of intra-aortic balloon pump care on the length of stay in cardiac patients. Study Design: Randomized control trial Sample: Randomly, 72 nurses were included in the current study. Setting: The research was conducted in cardiac intensive care units of the Punjab Institute of cardiology Lahore. Keywords: standardized guidelines, intra-aortic balloon pump, length of stay, intensive care units.
Study of Spleen and Liver Injuries in Patients of Blunt Trauma Abdomen
Authors: Latif Abdul , Alim Muhammad , Khan Bahadur , Khan Khaleel Ahmad , Kumar Jeevan
Published: April 2022

Objective: To study the spleen and liver injuries in patients of blunt trauma abdomen. Material and methods: This was a cross sectional study which conducted at Department of Surgery Loralai Medical College Loralai from May 2021 to November 2021 over the period of 6 months. Total 130 patients aged 18-50 years either gender with blunt trauma abdomen were recruited for this study. Spleen and liver injuries and their grading was studied. Results: Total 130 patients of blunt abdominal trauma were recruited. Age range was 18-50 years with mean age 30.85 ± 8.84 years. Out of 130 patients, liver injury was found in 67 (52%) patients. Total 84 (65%) patients had spleen injury. Total 20 (15%) patients had both liver and spleen injury. Conclusion: Results of this study concluded that spleen was the most common injured organ. Grade-I liver and spleen injury was commonly seen. Age group 18-33 years was common age group and males were prominent than females. Keywords: trauma, abdomen, liver, spleen
Frequency of Port Site Wound Infection in Laparoscopic Surgery
Authors: Hashmi Javaid Sajjad , Khan Muhammad Tariq , Qureshi Raheel Imam , Zai Abdul Rasheed , Memon Muhammad Hanif , Asif Khumair
Published: April 2022

Objective: To find the frequency of port site wound infection in laparoscopic surgery. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Surgery, Rahbar Medical & Dental College, Lahore from 1st October 2020 to 30th September 2021. Methodology: One hundred cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy were investigated. A standard protocol of National-Nosocomial Infections-Surveillance system as provided by CDC; was applied for identifying port site infection. Weeks assessment was initially done post 7 days of surgery in majority of patients and then after every 7 days for 4 weeks in those having port site infection formation. The demographic information was also documented using a well-designed questionnaire. Results: The age of the patients was between 25-63 years with a mean age of 35.4±2.5 years. There were 52% females and 48% males. Out of the total cases of port site infection 83% cases had epigastric port site infection. Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery is associated with low risk of port site infection. Keywords: Laparoscopic surgery, Infection, Cholecystectomy, Frequency
Assessment of Success of Restoration after Chemo Mechanical Caries Removal by Using Papain Based Gel
Authors: Rashid Asma , Hussain Wajahat , Asghar Hira , Shah Mamoona , Gul Sajida , Qazi Fatima Khalid
Published: April 2022

Objective: To assess the restoration’s success after chemo mechanical caries removal by using papain based gel. Study Design: Descriptive case study Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Operative Dentistry Department from March, 2019 to August, 2021. Methodology: Two hundred patients were selected. All Patients of both genders having age of 8-16 years were included and patients with presence of fistula and patients having history of pain were excluded. Papain based gel had been applied to the cavity and allows 40-50 seconds for the gel to work, and the patients had been followed up for 30 days for evaluation of restoration. Results: The average age was 14.07±1.88 years. The success of restoration was present in 82.0% while it was absent in 18.0%. Conclusion: Removal of caries after chemo mechanical by using papain based gel showed high efficacy of success of restoration. Keywords: Chemo-mechanical caries removal (CMCR), Chemo mechanical, Papain based gel
Association of Bacterial Conjunctivitis in Optical Lenses Users
Authors: Jamali Maqbool Ahmed , Khan Nisar Ahmed , Jandan Nisar Ahmed , Abbasi Ashfaque Ahmed , Rehman Ateeq-Ur-
Published: April 2022

Objective: To find the association of bacterial conjunctivitis in optical lenses users. Study Design: Observational based cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, People Medical College Hospital Nawabshah from 1st April 2021 to 30th September 2021. Methodology: Thirty five patients who walked in the out-door department were enrolled. Those patients who had clinical symptoms positive for bacterial conjunctivitis and were using optical lenses were included in the study. Demographic information and information regarding their hygienic practices and usage of optical lenses was entered in a well-structured proforma. Sterile cotton-swabs were used for collecting samples from the lenses. Post 24 hours in broth at 37°C the samples were placed in blood agar for culturing at 37°C for two days.Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method was then performed for isolation of bacterial cultures using susceptibility of bacteria towards various antibiotics. Results: There 48.75% females which was higher than males (34.28%). Dryness appeared to be the most common symptoms followed by redness and itchy eyes. The culturing and bacterial isolation method for BC showed that micrococci were presented in majority of the cases (n=29) which was followed by diphtheroid in 18 patients. Conclusion: Strong association of bacterial conjunctivitis was found in relation with optical lenses users. Keywords: Conjunctival-flora; optical lenses user; myopia; hygiene
Can Expectant Management Gives Better Outcome than Immediate Delivery in Females Presenting with Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane Close to Term
Authors: Jabbar Shagufta , Iftikhar Ghazala , Arshad Fariha , Asif Amna , Khawar Naila , Kashif Sadaf
Published: April 2022

Objective: To compare the outcome of expectant management versus immediate delivery in females with preterm premature rupture of membrane close to term. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Unit III, Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore from 20th June 2018 to 20th December 2018 Methodology: Three hundred females were included through emergency. They were divided in two groups; females of group A managed conservatively and females of group B were induced for delivery and immediate delivery was conducted. After delivery in both groups, outcome was recorded i.e. neonatal distress, poor Apgar score or NICU admission. Results: The mean age of group A was 27.53±4.99 years and group B was 25.81±4.92 years. The mean gestational age of group A was 33.92±1.41 weeks and group B was 33.88±1.40 weeks. In group A there were 28 (18.7%) women with parity 1, 40(26.7%) with parity 2, 42 (28%) with parity 3 and 40 (26.7%) with parity 4 whereas in group B there were 28(18.7%) women with parity 1, 40 (26.7%) with parity 2, 42 (28%) with parity 3 and 40 (26.7%) with parity 4. In group A there were 54 (36%) women with normal BMI, 44 (29.9%) were overweight and 52 (34.7%) were obese while in group B there were 63 (42%) women with normal BMI, 38 (25.3%) were overweight and 49 (32.7%) were obese. There was no significant (P=0.329) association between neonatal distress and study groups and also no significant (P=0.202) association between poor APGAR score and study groups. Conclusion: Incidence and rate of neonatal distress in complicated pregnancies by PPROM within 34 and 37 weeks of gestation is very low Keywords: Delivery, Preterm, Premature, Rupture of membrane, Term, Outcome, Expectant, Management
Factors Associated with Non-Adherence among Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Results from Primary Care Clinics in Faisalabad Pakistan
Authors: Ikram Yousaf , Ahmed Muhammad Masood , Tariq Muhammad , Jabeen Fakhira , Tariq Iqra , Usman Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Background: The global increase in rates of type 2 diabetes has become a serious public health concern. Adherence to treatment is an important predictor of glycemic control. Poor adherence to treatment regimens is a major clinical problem in the management of diabetes. This study aims to identify the associated factors with non adherence to diabetes treatment among patients of type 2 diabetes. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Primary Care Clinics of Faisalabad, Pakistan from 1stDecember 2020 to 28thFebruary 2021. Methodology: Five hundred and forty nine adults (>18 years of age) confirmed cases of type 2 diabetes were consecutively approached. Results: 56.6% were less than 50 and 43.4% were more than 50 years of age and 59.9% of the participants were females. About 42.7% of the participants were non-adherent to diabetes treatment. Participants aged less than 50 years were two times more at risk of being non-adherent (aOR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.29-2.76). Level of education and duration to diagnosis of DM were marginally significant (p-0.07, p-0.06) to non-adherence respectively. Conclusion: Adherence to treatment of diabetes and to achieve glycemic control is a challenging concern across countries including Pakistan. Therefore, aggressive counseling about benefits of regular exercise and diet with special emphasis on younger patients who recently diagnosed with diabetes should be implemented. Governments should reduce the costs of treatment to make it cheap and affordable and more parks, walking tracks should be introduced to make it accessible for population. Keywords: Type 2 DM, Non-adherence, Physical activity, Pakistan
Education System in Vaikhanasa Tradition
Authors: Muthu Dr.S.
Published: April 2022

Vishnu began in public temples even before the Christian era. 'Bhitargaon' and the 'Deogarh’ monumental temples in the North are dedicated to Vishnu built during Gupta period in the 4th or 5th Century AD. Many temples have been built in subsequent periods by Kings and Vishnu tradition followers. Daily worship is done to him from the Vedic period. Temple worship took the Vedas as its principles, and was followed in two divisions known as Vaishnava and Saiva. Advaita, Dvaita, Visistadvaita, Idol worship were practiced. Saiva Agamas and Vaishnava Agamas are being followed in almost all the places in our country. As per Vaikhanasa sutra, those who are well versed with all the samskaras are eligible to do the pooja in Vaikhanasa Agama temples. Agama is based on Vedic mantras and one becomes eligible to read the Agama only after getting Upanayana Samskara. Further, the learner should attain at least a minimum of 9 years to have a good grasp of Agama Sastras and communicate the significance of Agama sastras to others. This study attempt to discuss the education system in Vaikhanasa Tradition
Issues of Space Debris and Sustainable Development Practices
Authors: Janagam Dr. D. , Poonkodi M. , Ilayarasan U.
Published: April 2022

Meteors are probably better known as "shooting stars". They are small pieces of space debris and dust, or fragments from comets. They variety in scope from a grain of sand to around the size of a cricket ball. After they hit the Earth's atmosphere they heat up and glow sendoff a streak crossway the sky. Space junk is a major problem. Some of it is actual large, such as burntout skyrocket phases, dead ship and a few tools lost during spacewalks. However, most of it is much smaller. Collisions with large smithereens of junk can incapacitate or even destroy a spacelab. To study the various types of debris on earth and to study the quantity of space debris and removal methods. The real issue of space debris proliferation is to overtake a difficult and complex international legislation but also to create a reaction of the general opinion. Once everybody will be aware of the danger of space debris, governments and companies will be compelled to take proactive steps for cleaning or safe disposal of space debris.
Exploring the spatial and inter-temporal spill-over effects of Air Pollution in Chennai City- A Study
Authors: Jagathesan Dr.T.
Published: April 2022

The impact of industrialization is manifold causing more employment, increased export, GDP growth but causing deterioration in the environment situation Air pollution, odourless air, smelly air which harms health, destroys plants and damages property. The effect of pollutants like SO2 is primarily by industrialisation and increasing growth of population. CO2 is also a key pollutant in the atmosphere and the sources of CO2 are fossil fuel burning and deforestation. CO2 is a good transmitter of sunlight but partially restricts infrared radiation going back from the earth into space. Particulates are tiny particles of solid or liquid matter present in the atmosphere and they are very helpful for the operations in the atmosphere like the formation of clouds and fog, absorbing gases in the atmosphere and creating reactions by being catalysts and the decomposition of ozone is possible only by dust, maintain the radiation balance and heat balance of the earth, and helps in the absorption capacity of the gases. The consequences of Air Pollution are severe on the environment, ecological impact, groundwater, soil, air, living organisms, acid rain, global warming, the greenhouse effect, climate changes etc. Ozone affects the upper layers of the skin, the tear ducts, lungs, biochemical, morphologic, functional, and immunological disorders (Lippmann, 1989). They are an important risk factor for lung cancer. Air pollution is also harmful to the environment and causes severe and permanent issues to a country. Considering the impact of Air Pollution, the Government of India has amended the AIR (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 vide G.O.Ms.3, DT.03.09.1983. This article is exploring the spatial and intertemporal spill-over effects of Air Pollution in Chennai City
Rezension von: Offenwanger, Hans, Grünkraut anno 1900
Authors: Langner Bernd , Offenwanger Hans
Published: April 2022

Hans Offenwanger: Grünkraut anno 1900. Hrsg. von der Gemeinde Grünkraut. Biberacher Verlagsdruckerei 2018. 128 Seiten mit ca. 220 teils farbigen Fotos, Karten und Plänen. Kartoniert € 15,–. ISBN 978-3-947348-21-3 (Erhältlich bei der Gemeinde)
Rezension von: Kienzle, Paula, Frauen mit Profil und Tatkraft – in Rottenburg im 20. Jahrhundert
Authors: Wrobbel Sibylle , Kienzle Paula
Published: April 2022

Paula Kienzle: Frauen mit Profil und Tatkraft – in Rottenburg im 20. Jahrhundert (Anpassung – Selbstbehauptung – Widerstand, Band 41). LIT Verlag Berlin 2017. 362 Seiten mit zahlreichen Abbildungen und Faksimiles. Broschur € 19,90. ISBN 978-3-643-13826-2
Rezension von: Aras, Muhterem; Bausinger, Hermann, Heimat. Kann die weg?
Authors: Langner Bernd , Aras Muhterem , Bausinger Hermann
Published: April 2022

Muhterem Aras und Hermann Bausinger: Heimat. Kann die weg? Ein Gespräch. Eingeleitet und moderiert von Reinhold Weber. Klöpfer und Narr Verlag Tübingen 2019. 150 Seiten. Gebunden € 20,–. ISBN 978-3-7496-1001-3
Rezension von: Schmidt, Thomas; Mateescu, Kristina (Hrsg.), Von Hölderlin bis Jünger
Authors: Maier Ulrich , Schmidt Thomas , Mateescu Kristina
Published: April 2022

Thomas Schmidt und Kristina Mateescu (Hrsg.): Von Hölderlin bis Jünger. Zur politischen Topographie der Literatur im deutschen Südwesten. (Schriften zur politischen Landeskunde Baden-Württembergs, Band 51). W. Kohlhammer Verlag Stuttgart 2020. 449 Seiten mit 75 Abbildungen. Paperback € 6,50. ISBN 978-3-945414-61-3
Rezension von: Bánffy, Eszter; Hofmann, Kerstin P.; von Rummel, Philipp (Hrsg.), Spuren des Menschen
Authors: Wolf Reinhard , Bánffy Eszter , Hofmann Kerstin P. , Von Rummel Philipp
Published: April 2022

Eszter Bánffy, Kerstin P. Hofmann, Philipp von Rummel (Hg.): Spuren des Menschen – 800000 Jahre Geschichte in Europa. WBG Theiss Darmstadt 2019. 552 Seiten mit über 500 Farbabbildungen. Fest gebunden € 50,–. ISBN 978-3-8062-3991-1
Rezension von: Rieber, Christof, Albert Einstein
Authors: Waibel Raimund , Rieber Christof
Published: April 2022

Christof Rieber: Albert Einstein. Biografie eines Nonkonformisten. Jan Thorbecke Verlag Ostfildern 2019. 240 Seiten mit 38 Abbildungen. Fest gebunden € 24,90. ISBN 978-3-7995-1281-7
Rezension von: Bofinger, Jörg, Steinzeitdorf und Keltengold
Authors: Wolf Reinhard , Bofinger Jörg
Published: April 2022

Jörg Bofinger: Steinzeitdorf und Keltengold – Archäologische Entdeckungen zwischen Alb und Neckar. Archäologische Informationen aus Baden-Württemberg, Heft 78). Herausgegeben vom Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Baden-Württemberg im Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart 2018. 134 Seiten mit zahlreichen farbigen Abbildungen. Broschur € 9,–. ISBN 978-3-942227-36-0
Rezension von: Bihlmaier, Susanne; Bihlmaier, Armin, Notfallapotheke aus und in der Natur
Authors: Langner Bernd , Bihlmaier Susanne , Bihlmaier Armin
Published: April 2022

Susanne und Armin Bihlmaier: Notfallapotheke aus und in der Natur. Die einfache Outdoor-Soforthilfe. Hädecke Verlag Weil der Stadt 2019. 96 Seiten mit ca. 145 Abbildungen. Klappenbroschur € 10,–. ISBN 978-3-7750-0790-0
Rezension von: Heusel, Andreas; Maier, Peter, Der Einsiedel im Schönbuch
Authors: Setzler Wilfried , Heusel Andreas , Maier Peter
Published: April 2022

Andreas Heusel und Peter Maier: Der Einsiedel im Schönbuch. Stiftskirche, Schloss und Hofgut. Gemeinde Kirchentellinsfurt 2018. 336 Seiten mit zahlreichen, meist farbigen Abbildungen. Fest gebunden € 25,–. ISBN 978-3-00-060109-5
Rezension von: Silberzahn-Jandt, Gudrun; Naßl, Josef, »… Aber ich hoffe, dass ich nicht verloren bin«
Authors: Schönhagen Benigna , Silberzahn-Jandt Gudrun , Naßl Josef
Published: April 2022

Gudrun Silberzahn-Jandt und Josef Naßl: »… Aber ich hoffe, dass ich nicht verloren bin«. Gedenkbuch für die Ulmer Opfer von NS-Zwangssterilisation und »Euthanasie«-Morden. Herausgegeben vom Dokumentationszentrum Oberer Kuhberg Ulm e.V. (DZOK) und dem Haus der Stadtgeschichte Ulm. Verlag Klemm + Oelschläger Ulm 2020. 207 Seiten mit zahlreichen Abbildungen. Hardcover € 26,80. ISBN 978-3-86281-149-6
Rezension von: Berg, Michael (Hrsg.), Die ehemalige Bodanwerft in Kressbronn am Bodensee 1919–2011
Authors: Wandel Uwe Jens , Berg Michael
Published: April 2022

Michael Berg (Hrsg.): Die ehemalige Bodanwerft in Kressbronn am Bodensee 1919–2011. Verlag regionalkultur Ubstadt-Weiher 2019. 248 Seiten mit 415 Abbildungen. Fest gebunden € 39,80. ISBN 978-3-95505-135-8
Rezension von: Würfel, Maria, Starke Frauen
Authors: Keuler Dorothea , Würfel Maria
Published: April 2022

Maria Würfel: Starke Frauen. Oberschwäbische Äbtissinnen zwischen Reformation und Säkularisation. (Oberschwaben – Ansichten und Aussichten, Band 13) Verlag Regionalkultur Ubstadt-Weiher 2020. 160 Seiten mit 67 farbigen Abbildungen. Fester Einband € 20,–. ISBN 978-3-95505-199-0
Rezension von: Peters, Patrick, Romantik
Authors: Blanz Stefan , Peters Patrick
Published: April 2022

Patrick Peters: Romantik. Einführung. Oldib Verlag Essen 2020. 144 Seiten. Broschiert € 12,99. ISBN 978-3-939556-83-1
Rezension von: Stahl, Harald, »Die hohen Bäume und das Unterholz und das Tote«
Authors: Schmoll Friedemann , Stahl Harald
Published: April 2022

Harald Stahl: »Die hohen Bäume und das Unterholz und das Tote«. Waldnaturschutz im Nordschwarzwald, Waldbewusstsein und Naturerfahrung. Waxmann Verlag Münster 2019 (Freiburger Studien zur Kulturanthropologie, Band 3) 359 Seiten mit zahlreichen Abbildungen. Fest gebunden € 39,90. ISBN 978-3-8309-3981-8
Rezension von: Ueding, Gert, Herbarium, giftgrün
Authors: Clostermeyer Claus-Peter , Ueding Gert
Published: April 2022

Gert Ueding: Herbarium, giftgrün. Kröner Edition Klöpfer Stuttgart 2021. 333 Seiten. Hardcover € 24,–. ISBN 978-3-520-75301-4
Rezension von: Kunst im öffentlichen Raum in Stuttgart
Authors: Schreiber Klaus
Published: April 2022

Kunst im öffentlichen Raum in Stuttgart: 435 Arbeiten, 228 Künstler*innen. Kerber Verlag Bielefeld und Berlin 2020. 528 Seiten mit 437 farbigen und 510 s/w Abbildungen sowie eingelegter Faltkarte. Kartoniert € 39,80. ISBN 978-3-7356-0710-2
Rezension von: Jäger, Sven, Germanische Siedlungsspuren des 3. bis 5. Jahrhunderts n. Chr. zwischen Rhein, Neckar und Enz
Authors: Setzler Wilfried , Jäger Sven
Published: April 2022

Sven Jäger: Germanische Siedlungsspuren des 3. bis 5. Jahrhunderts n. Chr. zwischen Rhein, Neckar und Enz. (Forschungen und Berichte zur Archäologie in Baden-Württemberg, Band 14). Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag Wiesbaden 2019. 926 Seiten mit 270 farbigen und 60 s/w Abbildungen, 82 Tafeln und 44 Plananhängen, 3 Beilagen. Gebunden € 120,–.  ISBN 978-3-95490-444-0
Rezension von: Festschrift zur Feier des 175jährigen Bestehens der Landsmannschaft Ghibellinia im CC zu Tübingen
Authors: Setzler Wilfried
Published: April 2022

Festschrift zur Feier des 175jährigen Bestehens der Landsmannschaft Ghibellinia im CC zu Tübingen 1845–2020. Tübingen 2020. 99 Seiten mit einigen Abbildungen. Broschur. (zu beziehen über die Landsmannschaft Ghibellinia in Tübingen)
Rezension von: Becher, Matthias, Otto der Große
Authors: Derschka Harald , Becher Matthias
Published: April 2022

Matthias Becher: Otto der Große. Kaiser und Reich. Eine Biographie. München: C. H. Beck 2012. 332 S., 20 Abb., 5 Karten, 2 Stammtafeln. ISBN 978-3-406-63061-3. Geb. € 24,95
Rezension von: Beck, Erik u.a. (Hrsg.), Burgen im Breisgau
Authors: Maurer Hans-Martin , Beck Erik
Published: April 2022

Burgen im Breisgau. Aspekte von Burg und Herrschaft im überregionalen Vergleich (Archäologie und Geschichte 18, Veröffentlichungen des Alemannischen Instituts Freiburg i. Br. 79). Hg. von Erik Beck, Eva-Maria Butz, Martin Strotz, Alfons Zettler, Thomas Zotz. Ostfildern: Jan Thorbecke 2012. 429 S. mit zahlr. Abb. ISBN 978-3-7995-7368-9. € 69,–
Rezension von: Rückert, Peter; Lorenz, Sönke (Hrsg.), Die Visconti und der deutsche Südwesten
Authors: Fouquet Gerhard , Rückert Peter , Lorenz Sönke
Published: April 2022

Die Visconti und der deutsche Südwesten. Kulturtransfer im Spätmittelalter. Hg. von Peter Rückert und Sönke Lorenz (Tübinger Bausteine zur Landesgeschichte 11). Ostfildern: Jan Thorbecke Verlag 2008. 346 S. mit 34 Abb. ISBN 978-3-7995-5511-1. € 27,50
Rezension von: Schäfer, Hartmut, Die Anfänge Stuttgarts
Authors: Gallion Nina , Schäfer Hartmut
Published: April 2022

Hartmut Schäfer: Die Anfänge Stuttgarts. Vom Stutengarten bis zur württembergischen Residenz. Stuttgart: Belser 2012. 144 S. ISBN 978-3-7630-2610-4. Geb. € 29,95
Rezension von: Schiersner, Dietmar (Bearb.), Visitation im Territorium non clausum
Authors: Schmider Christoph , Schiersner Dietmar
Published: April 2022

Dietmar Schiersner (Bearb.): Visitation im Territorium non clausum. Die Visitationsprotokolle des Landkapitels Ichenhausen im Bistum Augsburg (1568–1699) (Verein für Augsburger Bistumsgeschichte e. V., Sonderreihe, Heft 8). Augsburg 2009. 343 S. ISBN 978-3-87707-756-6. € 15,–
Rezension von: Menne, Mareike, Berufe für Historiker
Authors: Ucharim Michael , Menne Mareike
Published: April 2022

Mareike Menne: Berufe für Historiker. Anforderungen – Qualifikationen – Tätigkeiten (Geschichte studieren, Bd. 2). Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 2010. 161 S. ISBN 978-3-17-021300-5. € 18,–
Rezension von: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Archive im Städtetag Baden-Württemberg (Hg.), Stadtgedächtnis – Stadtgewissen – Stadtgeschichte!
Authors: Kram Benjamin , Städtetag Baden-Württemberg. Arbeitsgemeinschaft Archive
Published: April 2022

Arbeitsgemeinschaft Archive im Städtetag Baden-Württemberg (Hg.): Stadtgedächtnis – Stadtgewissen – Stadtgeschichte! Angebote, Aufgaben und Leistungen der Stadtarchive in Baden-Württemberg. Ubstadt-Weiher: verlag regionalkultur 2013. 191 S. mit zahlr. Abb. ISBN 978-3-89735-746-4. € 17,90
Rezension von: Stumpfhaus, Bernhard (Bearb.), Kulturlandschaft Autobahn
Authors: Schmidgall Markus , Stumpfhaus Bernhard
Published: April 2022

Kulturlandschaft Autobahn. Die Fotosammlung des Landesamts für Straßenwesen Baden- Württemberg. Hg. vom Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, bearb. von Bernhard Stumpfhaus. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 2011. 168 S., 115 Abb. ISBN 978-3-17-022370-7. Kart. € 18,–
Rezension von: Schreiner, Klaus, Rituale, Zeichen, Bilder
Authors: Görich Knut , Schreiner Klaus
Published: April 2022

Klaus Schreiner, Rituale, Zeichen, Bilder. Formen und Funktionen symbolischer Kommunikation im Mittelalter, hg. von Ulrich Meier/Gabriela Signori/Gerd Schwerhoff (Norm und Struktur 40), Köln/Weimar/Wien: Böhlau 2011. 343 S., 27 Abb. ISBN 978-3-412-20737-3. € 49,90
Rezension von: von Reitzenstein, Wolf-Armin, Lexikon schwäbischer Ortsnamen
Authors: Greule Albrecht , Reitzenstein Wolf-Armin von
Published: April 2022

Wolf-Armin Frhr. v. Reitzenstein, Lexikon schwäbischer Ortsnamen, Herkunft und Bedeutung, Bayerisch-Schwaben, München: Verlag C. H. Beck 2013. 475 S. 12 Karten. ISBN 978-3-406-65208-0. Geb. € 29,95
Rezension von: Biller, Thomas u.a., Friedrich I. (1079–1105)
Authors: Fritz Gerhard , Biller Thomas
Published: April 2022

Friedrich I. (1079–1105), Der erste staufische Herzog von Schwaben, Mit Beiträgen von Thomas Biller, Heinz Krieg, Frank Legl, Sönke Lorenz, Hans-Martin Maurer, Stefan Weinfurter (Schriften zur staufischen Geschichte und Kunst, Bd. 26), Göppingen: Gesellschaft für staufische Geschichte 2007. 167 S. ISBN 978-3-929776-18-8. € 58,–
Rezension von: Märkle, Matthias, Jüdische Studenten an der Universität Tübingen 1807 bis 1871
Authors: Matz Klaus-Jürgen , Märkle Matthias
Published: April 2022

Matthias Märkle, Jüdische Studenten an der Universität Tübingen 1807 bis 1871 (Tübinger Bausteine zur Landesgeschichte 23), Ostfildern: Jan Thorbecke Verlag 2013. 256 S., zahlr. s/w Abb. ISBN 978-3-7995-5523-4. Geb. € 24,90
Rezension von: Kreis, Reinhild, Orte für Amerika
Authors: Back Nikolaus , Kreis Reinhild
Published: April 2022

Reinhild Kreis, Orte für Amerika, Deutsch-Amerikanische Institute und Amerikahäuser in der Bundesrepublik seit den 1960er Jahren (Transatlantische historische Studien Bd. 44), Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2012. 425 S., 19 s/w Abb. ISBN 978-3-515-10048-9. € 56,–
Rezension von: Türck, Verena, Christliche Pilgerfahrten nach Jerusalem im früheren Mittelalter im Spiegel der Pilgerberichte
Authors: Reichert Folker , Türck Verena
Published: April 2022

Verena Türck, Christliche Pilgerfahrten nach Jerusalem im früheren Mittelalter im Spiegel der Pilgerberichte (Abhandlungen des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins, Bd. 40), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag 2011. 154 S., 14 Karten, 1 Abb. ISBN 978-3-447-06636-5. € 44,–
Rezension von: Analecta Cisterciensia 60 (2010)
Authors: Rückert Maria Magdalena
Published: April 2022

Analecta Cisterciensia 60 (2010), hg. von Pater Alcuinus Schachenmayr, Heiligenkreuz: Be&Be-Verlag 2011. 400 S. ISSN 0003-2476/ISBN 978-3-902694-29-4. € 44,90