bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimated Prevalence of Depressive Disorders in Children From 2004 to 2019
Authors: Spoelma Michael J. , Sicouri Gemma L. , Francis Deanna A. , Songco Annabel D. , Daniel Emily K. , Hudson Jennifer L.
Published: August 2023

Importance

Depression during childhood (ie, age <13 years) poses a major health burden. Recent changes in environmental and lifestyle factors may increase children’s risk of mental health problems. This has been reported for anxiety disorders, but it is unclear whether this occurs for depressive disorders.

Objective

To provide prevalence estimates for the depressive disorders (ie, major depressive disorder [MDD], dysthymia, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder [DMDD], and overall) in children, and whether they have changed over time.

Data Sources

The MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched using terms related to depressive disorders, children, and prevalence. This was supplemented by a systematic gray literature search.

Study Selection

Studies were required to provide population prevalence estimates of depressive disorder diagnoses (according to an established taxonomy and standardized interviews) for children younger than 13 years, information about participants’ year of birth, and be published in English.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Data extraction was compliant with the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. A total of 12 985 nonduplicate records were retrieved, and 154 full texts were reviewed. Data were analyzed from 2004 (the upper limit of a previous review) to May 27, 2023. Multiple proportional random-effects meta-analytic and mixed-effects meta-regression models were fit.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Pooled prevalence rates of depressive disorders, prevalence rate differences between males vs females and high-income countries (HICs) vs low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), and moderating effects of time or birth cohort.

Results

A total of 41 studies were found to meet the inclusion criteria. Pooled prevalence estimates were obtained for 1.07% (95% CI, 0.62%-1.63%) for depressive disorders overall, 0.71% (95% CI, 0.48%-0.99%) for MDD, 0.30% (95% CI, 0.08%-0.62%) for dysthymia, and 1.60% (95% CI, 0.28%-3.90%) for DMDD. The meta-regressions found no significant evidence of an association with birth cohort, and prevalence rates did not differ significantly between males and females or between HICs and LMICs. There was a low risk of bias overall, except for DMDD, which was hindered by a lack of studies.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, depression in children was uncommon and did not increase substantially between 2004 and 2019. Future epidemiologic studies using standardized interviews will be necessary to determine whether this trend will continue into and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
FEBS Open Bio: past, present and future
Authors: Wright Duncan E. , Goñi Félix M. , Purton Mary , Fésüs László , Buchner Johannes , Mowbray John , De la Rosa Miguel A.
Published: August 2023

In celebration of the 10th anniversary of FEBS Open Bio, we spoke to some of the key figures of the journal’s genesis, development, and its future direction, and recount here their thoughts and experiences. Prof. Félix. Goñi discusses the role of the FEBS Publication Committee in the journal's beginnings, Dr Mary Purton relates her experiences as the journal's Executive Editor, Prof. László Fésüs explains how the journal developed during his tenure as Chair of the Publication Committee, and Prof. Johannes Buchner looks forward to the future of FEBS Press and academic publishing. Finally, Prof. John (Iain) Mowbray describes his “Friday afternoon thought” to start a new journal.
Chimaeridae
: Intestinal System
Authors: Ferrando Sara , Gallus Lorenzo , Aicardi Stefano , Amaroli Andrea , Vacchi Marino
Published: August 2023

The digestive system of Chimaeridae presents some peculiarities. The buccal cavity has three pairs of toothplates and a sensory/secretory palatal organ. The proximal intestine is valvular, has expected in Chondrichthyes and the whole intestine wall is characterized by large vessels that are present in all the layers, from mucosa to serosa. Liver is proportionally large and lipid rich.
Chimaeridae
: Respiratory System
Authors: Ferrando Sara , Gallus Lorenzo , Aicardi Stefano , Amaroli Andrea , Vacchi Marino
Published: August 2023

Chimaerids have one demibranch on the hyoid arch and four holobranches. The gill arches have filaments caudolaterally and short gill rackers rostrally. The filament is covered by a stratified epithelium and, on its sides, there are respiratory lamellae. The epithelium of the respiratory lamellae is 1–2 cells thick.
Multivariate Extreme Value Theory
Authors: Walshaw David
Published: August 2023

We consider multivariate extreme value theory as motivated by the appropriate limit laws, leading to the characterizations by the domain of attraction. We then consider characterizations of the form of the cumulative distribution function G in the bivariate case: bivariate extreme value distributions were studied extensively in the mid‐twentieth century. We focus on the developments since this pioneering work, including a range of explicit multivariate extreme models, their estimation and simulation. Moving away from pure multivariate extreme models, we consider the conditional approach for multivariate extremes, which provides a flexible range of more realistic models for use in practice. We finish with a brief review of spatial extremes, covered in detail in extremes: spatial parametric modeling.
Cox, Sir David R.
Authors: Oakes David
Published: August 2023

Sir David R. Cox was a leading statistician, perhaps the foremost of his era. He made major contributions in diverse areas of statistics and probability and mentored many who subsequently became leaders of the profession. He published over 20 books and 350+ papers.
Starving Free Solvents: Toward Immiscible Binary Liquid Electrolytes for Li‐Metal Full Cells
Authors: Moon Hyunseok , Jung Gwan Yeong , Lee Ji Eun , Kristanto Imanuel , Kwak Sang Kyu , Lee Sang‐Young
Published: August 2023

Current state‐of‐the‐art Li batteries use single‐phase electrolytes; however, these electrolytes often encounter difficulty in simultaneously fulfilling the nonidentical electrochemical requirements of cathodes and anodes. Here, a class of immiscible binary liquid electrolyte (BLE) is designed by starving free solvent molecules. Based on their electrochemical stability window, 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME) and succinonitrile (SN) are selected as model solvents for Li‐metal anodes and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1 (NCM811) cathodes, respectively. Li bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI), which promotes Li+ solvation (i.e., reduces free solvents), enables the phase separation of the miscible solvent mixture (SN−DME), and an increase in its concentration strengthens the coordination of Li+−FSI− in the solvation sheath, thus yielding (anion‐derived) fluorine‐rich electrode–electrolyte interphases. The resulting BLE allows 4.4 V Li‐metal full cells to exhibit a stable capacity retention under a constrained cell condition (Li (20 µm, 4.1 mAh cm−2)||NCM811 (3.8 mAh cm−2), N (negative)/P (positive) capacity ratio = 1.08), which exceed those of previously reported binary liquid electrolytes.
High‐Performance Hemofiltration via Molecular Sieving and Ultra‐Low Friction in Carbon Nanotube Capillary Membranes
Authors: Cheng Peifu , Ferrell Nicholas , Öberg Carl M. , Buchsbaum Steven F. , Jue Melinda L. , Park Sei Jin , Wang Dan , Roy Shuvo , Fornasiero Francesco , Fissell William H. , Kidambi Piran R.
Published: August 2023

Conventional dialyzer membranes typically comprise of unevenly distributed polydisperse, tortuous, rough pores, embedded in relatively thick ≈20–50 µm polymer layers wherein separation occurs via size exclusion as well as differences in diffusivity of the permeating species. However, transport in such polymeric pores is increasingly hindered as the molecule size approaches the pore dimension, resulting in significant retention of undesirable middle molecules (≥15–60 kDa) and uremic toxins. Enhanced removal of middle molecules is usually accompanied by high albumin loss (≈66 kDa) causing hypoalbuminemia. Here, the scalable bottom‐up fabrication of wafer‐scale carbon nanotube (CNT) membranes with highly aligned, low‐friction, straight‐channels/capillaries and narrow pore‐diameter distributions (≈0.5–4.5 nm) is demonstrated, to overcome persistent challenges in hemofiltration/hemodialysis. Using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐Ficoll 70 and albumin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as well as in bovine blood plasma, it is shown that CNT membranes can allow for significantly higher hydraulic permeability (more than an order of magnitude when normalized to pore area) than commercial high‐flux hemofiltration/hemodialysis membranes (HF 400), as well as greatly enhance removal of middle molecules while maintaining comparable albumin retention. These findings are rationalized via an N‐pore transport model that highlights the critical role of molecular flexing and deformation during size‐selective transport within nanoscale confinements of the CNTs. The unique transport characteristics of CNTs coupled with size‐exclusion and wafer‐scale fabrication offer transformative advances for hemofiltration, and the obtained insight into molecular transport can aid advancements in several other bio‐systems/applications beyond hemofiltration/hemodialysis.
A Mediator‐Free Multi‐Ply Biofuel Cell Using an Interfacial Assembly between Hydrophilic Enzymes and Hydrophobic Conductive Oxide Nanoparticles with Pointed Apexes
Authors: Kang Minchul , Nam Donghyeon , Ahn Jeongyeon , Chung Yoon Jang , Lee Seung Woo , Choi Young‐Bong , Kwon Cheong Hoon , Cho Jinhan
Published: August 2023

Biofuel cells (BFCs) based on enzymatic electrodes hold great promise as power sources for biomedical devices. However, their practical use is hindered by low electron transfer efficiency and poor operational stability of enzymatic electrodes. Here, a novel mediator‐free multi‐ply BFC that overcomes these limitations and exhibits both substantially high‐power output and long‐term operational stability is presented. The approach involves the utilization of interfacial interaction‐induced assembly between hydrophilic glucose oxidase (GOx) and hydrophobic conductive indium tin oxide nanoparticles (ITO NPs) with distinctive shapes, along with a multi‐ply electrode system. For the preparation of the anode, GOx and oleylamine‐stabilized ITO NPs with bipod/tripod type are covalently assembled onto the host fiber electrode composed of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and gold (Au) NPs. Remarkably, despite the contrasting hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, this interfacial assembly approach allows for the formation of nanoblended GOx/ITO NP film, enabling efficient electron transfer within the anode. Additionally, the cathode is prepared by sputtering Pt onto the host electrode. Furthermore, the multi‐ply fiber electrode system exhibits unprecedented high‐power output (≈10.4 mW cm−2) and excellent operational stability (2.1 mW cm−2, ≈49% after 60 days of continuous operation). The approach can provide a basis for the development of high‐performance BFCs.
Hierarchical Architecture Engineering of Branch‐Leaf‐Shaped Cobalt Phosphosulfide Quantum Dots: Enabling Multi‐Dimensional Ion‐Transport Channels for High‐Efficiency Sodium Storage
Authors: Zhao Wenxi , Ma Xiaoqing , Gao Lixia , Wang Xiaodeng , Luo Yongsong , Wang Yan , Li Tingshuai , Ying Binwu , Zheng Dongdong , Sun Shengjun , Liu Qian , Zheng Yinyuan , Sun Xuping , Feng Wenming
Published: August 2023

New‐fashioned electrode hosts for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are elaborately engineered to involve multifunctional active components that can synergistically conquer the critical issues of severe volume deformation and sluggish reaction kinetics of electrodes toward immensely enhanced battery performance. Herein, it is first reported that single‐phase CoPS, a new metal phosphosulfide for SIBs, in the form of quantum dots, is successfully introduced into a leaf‐shaped conductive carbon nanosheet, which can be further in situ anchored on a 3D interconnected branch‐like N‐doped carbon nanofiber (N‐CNF) to construct a hierarchical branch‐leaf‐shaped CoPS@C@N‐CNF architecture. Both double carbon decorations and ultrafine crystal of the CoPS in‐this exquisite architecture hold many significant superiorities, such as favorable train‐relaxation, fast interfacial ion‐migration, multi‐directional migration pathways, and sufficiently exposed Na+‐storage sites. In consequence, the CoPS@C@N‐CNF affords remarkable long‐cycle durability over 10 000 cycles at 20.0 A g−1 and superior rate capability. Meanwhile, the CoPS@C@N‐CNF‐based sodium‐ion full cell renders the potential proof‐of‐feasibility for practical applications in consideration of its high durability over a long‐term cyclic lifespan with remarkable reversible capacity. Moreover, the phase transformation mechanism of the CoPS@C@N‐CNF and fundamental springhead of the enhanced performance are disclosed by in situ X‐ray diffraction, ex situ high‐resolution TEM, and theoretical calculations.
Surface Adsorption and Proton Chemistry of Ultra‐Stabilized Aqueous Zinc–Manganese Dioxide Batteries
Authors: Chen Qiang , Lou Xuan , Yuan Yifei , You Kun , Li Chenghang , Jiang Chenhao , Zeng Yuquan , Zhou Sheng , Zhang Jianli , Hou Guangya , Lu Jun , Tang Yiping
Published: August 2023

Aqueous rechargeable Zinc (Zn) batteries incorporating MnO2 cathodes possess favorable sustainability properties and are being considered for low‐cost, high‐safety energy storage. However, unstable electrode structures and unclear charge storage mechanisms limit their development. Here, advanced transmission electron microscopy, electrochemical analysis, and theoretical calculations are utilized to study the working mechanisms of a Zn/MnO2 battery with a Co2+‐stabilized, tunnel‐structured α‐MnO2 cathode (CoxMnO2). It is shown that Co2+ can be pre‐intercalated into α‐MnO2 and occupy the (2 × 2) tunnel structure, which improves the structural stability of MnO2, facilitates the proton diffusion and Zn2+ adsorption on the MnO2 surface upon battery cycling. It is further revealed that for the MnO2 cathode, the charge storage reaction proceeds mainly by proton intercalation with the formation of α‐HyCoxMnO2, and that the anode design (with or without Zn metal) affects the surface adsorption of by‐product Zn4SO4(OH)6·nH2O on MnO2 surface. This work advances the fundamental understanding of rechargeable Zn batteries and also sheds light on efficient electrode modifications toward performance enhancement.
BOPAM: Efficient Synthesis of a Bright Asymmetric Bis‐Boron Complex and its Dark Side
Authors: Huang Jianjun , de Jong Flip , Elisa van Raamsdonk Davita Martina , Vandenwijngaerden Jonathan , Inoue Akane , Escudero Daniel , Van Meervelt Luc , Van der Auweraer Mark , Dehaen Wim
Published: August 2023

A new family of unsymmetrical boron chromophores chelated with two BF2 units, named BOPAM, has been developed via a one‐pot, three‐step reaction starting from commercially available thioamides via i) conversion to amidrazones, ii) condensation with pyrrole aldehydes, and iii) boron chelation. This synthetic pathway has been proven to be highly efficient, having a broad substrate tolerance and giving the BOPAM products high yield. Notably, some of the BOPAM dyes show interesting photophysical properties with fluorescence quantum yields up to 0.98 in toluene. A fine‐tuning of their emissive properties has been attained through tailored molecular design strategies guided by in‐depth computational investigations. Tailored substitution with electron‐donating groups at the BOPAM ring leads to the opening of a non‐radiative decay channel involving a dark state and consequently a significant quenching of the fluorescence. The study is complemented by exhaustive steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopic measurements.
Inflammation‐Responsive Hydrogel Spray for Synergistic Prevention of Traumatic Heterotopic Ossification via Dual‐Homeostatic Modulation Strategy
Authors: Yang Jiazhao , Zhang Xudong , Lu Baoliang , Mei Jiawei , Xu Lei , Zhang Xianzuo , Su Zheng , Xu Wei , Fang Shiyuan , Zhu Chen , Xu Dongdong , Zhu Wanbo
Published: August 2023

Traumatic heterotopic ossification (THO) represents one of the most prominent contributors to post‐traumatic joint dysfunction, which currently lacks an effective and definitive preventative approach. Inflammatory activation due to immune dyshomeostasis during the early stages of trauma is believed to be critical in initiating the THO disease process. This study proposes a dual‐homeostatic modulation (DHM) strategy to synergistically prevent THO without compromising normal trauma repair by maintaining immune homeostasis and inducing stem cell homeostasis. A methacrylate‐hyaluronic acid‐based hydrogel spray device encapsulating a curcumin‐loaded zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8@ceric oxide (ZIF‐8@CeO2, CZC) nanoparticles (CZCH) is designed. Photo‐crosslinked CZCH is used to form hydrogel films fleetly in periosteal soft tissues to achieve sustained curcumin and CeO2 nanoparticles release in response to acidity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the inflammatory microenvironment. In vitro experiments and RNA‐seq results demonstrated that CZCH achieved dual‐homeostatic regulation of inflammatory macrophages and stem cells through immune repolarization and enhanced efferocytosis, maintaining immune cell homeostasis and normal differentiation. These findings of the DHM strategy are also validated by establishing THO mice and rat models. In conclusion, the CZCH hydrogel spray developed based on the DHM strategy enables synergistic THO prevention, providing a reference for a standard procedure of clinical operations.
Discovery of a Superconductor Bi5O4S3Cl Containing the Unique BiS3 Layer
Authors: Yang Yaling , Fan Xiao , Liu Jiali , Cao Cheng , Liu Zhaolong , Deng Jun , Lin Ting , Zhang Qinghua , Liao Ke , Dong Xiaoli , Wang Gang , Chen Xiaolong
Published: August 2023

The BiS2‐based layered superconductors with structures similar to those of cuprates and iron‐based superconductors have stimulated much research interest. Here, a new quaternary compound is reported, Bi5O4S3Cl, which crystalizes in a tetragonal structure with P4/mmm (No. 123) space group having alternately stacking unique BiS3 layers and Bi2O2 layers along the c‐axis with a Cl atom located at the center of the unit cell. A superconducting transition above 3 K is observed for both electrical transport and magnetic measurements. Hall resistivity measurements show its multiband character with a conduction dominated by electron‐like charge carriers. The first‐principles calculations exhibit that the semiconducting parent phase Bi5O4S3Cl becomes metallic when sulfur vacancies are introduced, which hints the origin of superconductivity in Bi5O4S3Cl. The findings will inspire the exploration of new BiS‐based superconductors.
Amphiphilic Polymer Capped Perovskite Compositing with Nano Zr‐MOF for Nanozyme‐Involved Biomimetic Cascade Catalysis
Authors: Ye Qiuyu , Yuan Enxian , Shen Jin , Ye Mingli , Xu Qin , Hu Xiaoya , Shu Yun , Pang Huan
Published: August 2023

CsPbX3 perovskite nanocrystal (NC) is considered as an excellent optical material and is widely applied in optoelectronics. However, its poor water stability impedes its study in enzyme‐like activity, and further inhibits its application in biomimetic cascade catalysis. Herein, for the first time, the oxidase‐like and ascorbate oxidase‐like activities of an amphiphilic polymer capped CsPbX3 are demonstrated, and its catalytic mechanism is further explored. Furthermore, an all‐nanozyme cascade system (multifunctional CsPbBr3@Zr‐metal organic framework (Zr‐MOF) and Prussian blue as oxidase‐like and peroxidase‐like nanozyme) is constructed with a portable paper‐based device for realizing the dual‐mode (ratiometric fluorescence and colorimetric) detection of ascorbic acid in a point‐of‐care (POC) fashion. This is the first report on the utilization of all‐inorganic CsPbX3 perovskite NC in biomimetic cascade catalysis, which opens a new avenue for POC clinical disease diagnosis.
AIEgen configuration transition and aggregation enable dual prompt emission for single‐component nondoped white OLEDs
Authors: Zhang Jiasen , Wei Qiang , Li Wei , Chen Hao , Zhu Xiangyu , Bai Yongqi , Fei Nannan , Cao Liang , Zhao Zujin , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong , Ge Ziyi
Published: August 2023

The dual emission (DE) feature in materials holds great potential to revolutionize the development of one‐component system white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs). However, the reported DE materials remain scarce owing to the formidable challenge of breaking Kasha's rule and managing the intricate energy/charge transfer processes. Herein, we have introduced a groundbreaking DE AIEgen, 2CzAn‐TPE, which possesses a simple structure and undergoes Z‐to‐E isomerization and exhibits yellow and red fluorescence powders for pre‐ and post‐sublimation, respectively. With relatively lower potential energy, Z‐conformation ((Z)‐1,2‐diphenyl‐1,2‐bis(4‐(10‐(9‐phenyl‐9H‐carbazol‐3‐yl)anthracen‐9‐yl)phenyl)ethene) of 2CzAn‐TPE can be readily transformed into E‐conformation ((E)‐1,2‐diphenyl‐1,2‐bis(4‐(10‐(9‐phenyl‐9H‐carbazol‐3‐yl)anthracen‐9‐yl)phenyl)ethene) via vacuum sublimation. The utilization of X‐ray diffraction and grazing‐incidence‐wide‐angle X‐ray scattering techniques confirms the structural transformation, while the crystallographic analysis reveals the establishment of numerous intermolecular CH···π interactions between the tetraphenylethene (TPE) moiety and both the anthracene and carbazole units. This allows a densely packed molecular arrangement, thereby offering propitious conditions for excimer generation in the E‐conformation aggregated state. By utilizing the sublimated 2CzAn‐TPE as an emitter, a nondoped one‐component WOLED was prepared, exhibiting an exceptionally high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 5.0%, which represents one of the highest performances among all one‐component WOLEDs. This research introduces a novel, simple, and efficient approach to realize highly efficient one‐molecule WOLEDs.
Phase II study of cladribine, idarubicin, and ara‐C (CLIA) with or without sorafenib as initial therapy for patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kadia Tapan M. , Ravandi Farhad , Molica Matteo , Bataller Alex , Borthakur Gautam , Daver Naval , Jabbour Elias , DiNardo Courtney D. , Pemmaraju Naveen , Jain Nitin , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Ylimaz Musa , Bose Prithviraj , Tidwell Rebecca Slack , Marx Kayleigh R. , Rausch Caitlin R. , Kanagal‐Shamanna Rashmi , Wang Sa , Islam Rabiul , Champlin Richard , Shpall Elizabeth , Konopleva Marina , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Kantarjian Hagop
Published: August 2023

The addition of cladribine, or sorafenib to standard chemotherapy have each demonstrated improved survival in patients with newly‐diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We studied the combination of cladribine, idarubicin, and intermediate‐dose cytarabine (CLIA) in patients ≤65 years of age with newly diagnosed AML, fit to receive intensive therapy. Cladribine (5 mg/m2) IV was administered on days (D)1–5, cytarabine (1 g/m2) on D1‐5, and idarubicin (10 mg/m2) on D1‐3. Sorafenib was added to the CLIA backbone for patients with FLT3‐ITD mutated AML. 80 patients were enrolled: 65 with newly diagnosed AML and 15 with AML arising from previously treated MDS (ts‐AML). The median age was 55 years (range, 21–65). CR + CRi was 83% (54/65) and 27% in the untreated and ts‐AML cohorts, respectively; 74% and 75% of responding patients, respectively, had undetectable measurable residual disease (MRD). Among patients with FLT3‐ITD mutated AML receiving CLIA+sorafenib, the CR + CRi rate was 95%, with 81% negative for MRD. With a median follow‐up of 76 months, the 2‐ and 4‐year OS of 57% and 50% compared to 20%, and 13% for ts‐AML, respectively. Patients treated with CLIA+sorafenib had 2‐ and 5‐year OS rates of 63% and 59%, respectively. The most common Grade ≥3 adverse events were infection/fever, elevated bilirubin, rash, and nausea. CLIA was safe and effective in young, fit patients with newly diagnosed AML with inferior outcomes among patients with ts‐AML. The addition of sorafenib to CLIA in FLT3‐ITD mutated AML resulted in high rates of durable remission and excellent long‐term survival.
Artificial intelligence for dementia research methods optimization
Authors: Bucholc Magda , James Charlotte , Khleifat Ahmad Al , Badhwar AmanPreet , Clarke Natasha , Dehsarvi Amir , Madan Christopher R. , Marzi Sarah J. , Shand Cameron , Schilder Brian M. , Tamburin Stefano , Tantiangco Hanz M. ,   The Deep Dementia Phenotyping (DEMON) Network, Lourida Ilianna , Llewellyn David J. , Ranson Janice M.
Published: August 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) approaches are increasingly being used in dementia research. However, several methodological challenges exist that may limit the insights we can obtain from high‐dimensional data and our ability to translate these findings into improved patient outcomes. To improve reproducibility and replicability, researchers should make their well‐documented code and modeling pipelines openly available. Data should also be shared where appropriate. To enhance the acceptability of models and AI‐enabled systems to users, researchers should prioritize interpretable methods that provide insights into how decisions are generated. Models should be developed using multiple, diverse datasets to improve robustness, generalizability, and reduce potentially harmful bias. To improve clarity and reproducibility, researchers should adhere to reporting guidelines that are co‐produced with multiple stakeholders. If these methodological challenges are overcome, AI and ML hold enormous promise for changing the landscape of dementia research and care.

Highlights

Machine learning (ML) can improve diagnosis, prevention, and management of dementia.

Inadequate reporting of ML procedures affects reproduction/replication of results.

ML models built on unrepresentative datasets do not generalize to new datasets.

Obligatory metrics for certain model structures and use cases have not been defined.

Interpretability and trust in ML predictions are barriers to clinical translation.
Bulk Photovoltaic Effect Along the Nonpolar Axis in Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Noma Taishi , Chen Hsiao‐Yi , Dhara Barun , Sotome Masato , Nomoto Takuya , Arita Ryotaro , Nakamura Masao , Miyajima Daigo
Published: August 2023

The origin of the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) was considered as a built‐in electric field formed by the macroscopic polarization of materials. Alternatively, the “shift current mechanism” has been gradually accepted as the more appropriate description of the BPVE. This mechanism implies that the photocurrent generated by the BPVE is a topological current featuring an ultrafast response and dissipation‐less nature, which is very attractive for photodetector applications. Meanwhile, the origin of the BPVE in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) has not been discussed and is still widely accepted as the classical mechanism without any experimental evidence. Herein, we observed the BPVE along the nonpolar axis in OIHPs, which is inconsistent with the classical explanation. Furthermore, based on the nonlinear optical tensor correlation, we substantiated that the BPVE in OIHPs is originated in the shift current mechanism.
NIR‐II Absorbing Monodispersed Oligomers Based on N−B←N Unit
Authors: Xu Jin , Zhang Yingze , Liu Jun , Wang Lixiang
Published: August 2023

Organic molecules with near‐infrared II (NIR II) light absorption are essential for many biological and opto‐electronic applications. Herein, we report monodispersed oligomers as NIR II light absorber using a new molecular design strategy of resonant N−B←N unit, i.e. balanced resonant boron‐nitrogen covalent bond (B−N) and boron‐nitrogen coordination bond (B←N). We synthesize a series of monodispersed oligomers with thiophene‐fused 4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene (TB), which contains resonant N−B←N unit, as the repeating unit. The TB pentamer exhibits the maximum absorption wavelength of 1169 nm, which is the longest for oligomers reported so far. Organic photodetectors (OPDs) with the TB tetramer as the electron acceptor shows the specific detectivity of 2.98×1011 Jones at 1180 nm under zero bias. This performance is among the best for NIR II OPDs. These results indicate a new kind of NIR II absorbing molecules as excellent opto‐electronic materials.
Synthesis of organic–inorganic hybrid flame retardant and its use in polyurethane composite fiber membrane
Authors: Li Yao , Li Nannan , Shen Mengru , Cao Liwen , Ling Jiaqi , Xu Qingqing , Qu Jiangang , Fan Yangyang
Published: August 2023

In this article, we presented an inventive organic–inorganic hybrid flame retardant, MPKG, by the strategic reaction of phytic acid (PA) with melamine (MA), γ‐aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550) and graphene oxide (GO). Subsequently, an MPKG/PU fiber membrane was fabricated through electrospinning, wherein MPKG was seamlessly incorporated into the PU spinning solution. The morphology and chemical structures of the flame retardants were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The flame retardancy and resilience to soaping of the fiber membranes were assessed via the limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC). Impressively, the results demonstrate a significant 38.8% reduction in total heat release (THR) for the MPKG/PU fiber membrane in comparison to pure PU fiber membrane. Moreover, the incorporation of MPKG leads to an increase in LOI from 18.8% to 21.5% for the PU fiber membrane, accompanied by a notable enhancement in char yield at 800°C from 13.5% to 28.5%. These results underscore the augmentative impact of MPKG on the flame retardancy of PU fiber membrane. Remarkably, the MPKG/PU fiber membrane exhibits robust soaping resistance, with the LOI maintaining a level above 20% post‐soaping.
Insulation properties enhancement of crosslinked polyethylene by grafting electron‐buffering voltage stabilizers
Authors: Hong Zelin , Chen Xiangrong , Zhu Hanshan , Zhang Tianyin , Li Hao , Awais Muhammad , Paramane Ashish
Published: August 2023

Grafting a voltage stabilizer on molecular chains of cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) can effectively improve the materials' insulation properties. Four different samples (XLPE, XLPE grafted with the voltage stabilizer, low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) blended with the voltage stabilizer, and LDPE grafted with the voltage stabilizer) are prepared in this paper. Several physicochemical and dielectric tests are performed to investigate the properties of the samples. The results demonstrate that the m‐aminobenzoic acid is successfully grafted onto the XLPE molecular chain. Moreover, the crosslinking and grafting processes are equally important for enhancing the materials' performance of the XLPE. In addition, the grafted voltage stabilizer negligibly affects the gel content and thermal properties of XLPE. However, it increases the crystallinity but decreases the lamella thickness. Moreover, the XLPE grafted with a voltage stabilizer has lower direct current (DC) electrical conductivity, less aggregation of space charge, and higher DC breakdown strength. The trap distribution results indicate that the voltage stabilizer introduces shallow traps in the sample and the quantum chemical calculations describe that the material bandgap is decreased. Thus, the high‐energy charge carriers are buffered by the newly‐introduced traps and the functional groups, leading to the enhanced material properties of the XLPE.
Dental tissue changes in juvenile and adult mice with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Moore Jacob C. , Husain Tooba S. , Huston Lila A. , Steele Ashley T. , Organ Jason M. , Gonzales Lauren A. , Menegaz Rachel A. , Handler Emma K.
Published: August 2023

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a disorder of type I collagen, causes skeletal deformities as well as defects in dental tissues, which lead to increased enamel wear and smaller teeth with shorter roots. Mice with OI exhibit similar microstructural dentin changes, including reduced dentin tubule density and dentin cross‐sectional area. However, the effects of these mutations on gross dental morphology and dental tissue volumes have never been characterized in the osteogenesis imperfecta murine (OIM) mouse model. Here we compare mineralized dental tissue measurements of OIM mice and unaffected wild type (WT) littermates at the juvenile and adult stages. The maxillary and mandibular incisors and first molars were isolated from microCT scans, and tissue volumes and root length were measured. OIM mice have smaller teeth with shorter roots relative to WT controls. Maxillary incisor volumes differed significantly between OIM and WT mice at both the juvenile and young adult stage, perhaps due to shortening of the maxilla itself in OIM mice. Additionally, adult OIM mice have significantly less crown enamel volume than do juveniles, potentially due to loss through wear. Thus, OIM mice demonstrate a dental phenotype similar to humans with OI, with decreased tooth size, decreased root length, and accelerated enamel wear. Further investigation of dental development in the OIM mouse may have important implications for the development and treatment of dental issues in OI patients.
Towards indicating interdisciplinarity: Characterizing interdisciplinary knowledge flow
Authors: Zhou Hongyu , Guns Raf , Engels Tim C. E.
Published: August 2023

This study contributes to the recent discussions on indicating interdisciplinarity, that is, going beyond catch‐all metrics of interdisciplinarity. We propose a contextual framework to improve the granularity and usability of the existing methodology for interdisciplinary knowledge flow (IKF) in which scientific disciplines import and export knowledge from/to other disciplines. To characterize the knowledge exchange between disciplines, we recognize three aspects of IKF under this framework, namely broadness, intensity, and homogeneity. We show how to utilize them to uncover different forms of interdisciplinarity, especially between disciplines with the largest volume of IKF. We apply this framework in two use cases, one at the level of disciplines and one at the level of journals, to show how it can offer a more holistic and detailed viewpoint on the interdisciplinarity of scientific entities than aggregated and context‐unaware indicators. We further compare our proposed framework, an indicating process, with established indicators and discuss how such information tools on interdisciplinarity can assist science policy practices such as performance‐based research funding systems and panel‐based peer review processes.
Development of peak alpha frequency reflects a distinct trajectory of neural maturation in autistic children
Authors: Finn Caroline E. , Han Gloria T. , Naples Adam J. , Wolf Julie M. , McPartland James C.
Published: August 2023

Electroencephalographic peak alpha frequency (PAF) is a marker of neural maturation that increases with age throughout childhood. Distinct maturation of PAF is observed in children with autism spectrum disorder such that PAF does not increase with age and is instead positively associated with cognitive ability. The current study clarifies and extends previous findings by characterizing the effects of age and cognitive ability on PAF between diagnostic groups in a sample of children and adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder. Resting EEG data and behavioral measures were collected from 45 autistic children and 34 neurotypical controls aged 8 to 18 years. Utilizing generalized additive models to account for nonlinear relations, we examined differences in the joint effect of age and nonverbal IQ by diagnosis as well as bivariate relations between age, nonverbal IQ, and PAF across diagnostic groups. Age was positively associated with PAF among neurotypical children but not among autistic children. In contrast, nonverbal IQ but not age was positively associated with PAF among autistic children. Models accounting for nonlinear relations revealed different developmental trajectories as a function of age and cognitive ability based on diagnostic status. Results align with prior evidence indicating that typical age‐related increases in PAF are absent in autistic children and that PAF instead increases with cognitive ability in these children. Findings suggest the potential of PAF to index distinct trajectories of neural maturation in autistic children.
Microtube embedded hydrogel bioprinting for vascularization of tissue‐engineered scaffolds
Authors: Chen Yan , Wang Liyuan , Wang Ying , Zhou Yingge
Published: August 2023

Vascular tissue engineering has been considered promising as one of the alternatives for viable artificial tissues and organs. Macro‐ and microscale hollow tubes fabricated with various techniques have been widely studied to mimic blood vessels. To date, the fabrication of biomimetic capillary vessels with sizes ranging from 1 to 10 µm is still challenging. In this paper, core‐sheath microtubes were electrospun to mimic capillary vessels and were embedded in carboxymethyl cellulose/sodium alginate hydrogel for bioprinting. The results showed improved printing fidelity and promoted cell attachment. The tube concentration and tube length both had significant influences on filament size and merging area. Printed groups with higher microtube concentration showed higher microtube density, with filament/nozzle size ratio, and printed/designed grid area ratio closer to 100%. In the in vitro experiments, microtubes were not only compatible with human umbilical vein endothelial cells but also provided microtopographical cues to promote cell proliferation and morphogenesis in three‐dimensional space. In summary, the microtubes fabricated by our groups have the potential for the bioprinting of vascularized soft tissue scaffolds.
Redesigning a course based undergraduate research experience for online delivery
Authors: Witucki Allison , Rudge David W. , Pleasants Brandy , Dai Peng , Beane Wendy S.
Published: August 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic forced educators to teach in an online environment. This was particularly challenging for those teaching courses that are intended to support bench science research. This practitioner article tells the story of how an instructor transformed their Course‐based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE) using the Backwards Design Method into a synchronous online course. Research objectives in this transformed course included: conducting a literature review, identifying research questions and hypotheses based on literature, and developing practical and appropriate research methodologies to test these hypotheses. We provide details on how assignments were created to walk students through the process of research study design and conclude with recommendations for the implementation of an online CURE. Recommendations made by the instructor include scaffolding the design, building opportunities for collaboration, and allowing students to fail in order to teach the value of iteration. The Backwards Design framework naturally lends itself to a scaffolded instructional approach. By identifying the learning objectives and final assessment, the learning activities can be designed to help students overcome difficult concepts by filling in the gaps with purposeful instruction and collaborative opportunities. This present course also practiced iteration through the extensive feedback offered by the instructor and opportunities for students to revise their work as their understanding deepened. Anecdotally, based on end of course reviews, students overall had a positive experience with this course. Future work will examine the efficacy of student learning in this online environment and is forthcoming.
Clinical outcomes in transplant‐eligible patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma after second‐line salvage chemotherapy: A retrospective study
Authors: Yagi Yu , Kanemasa Yusuke , Sasaki Yuki , Sei Mina , Matsuo Takuma , Ishimine Kento , Hayashi Yudai , Mino Mano , Ohigashi An , Morita Yuka , Tamura Taichi , Nakamura Shohei , Okuya Toshihiro , Shimizuguchi Takuya , Shingai Naoki , Toya Takashi , Shimizu Hiroaki , Najima Yuho , Kobayashi Takeshi , Haraguchi Kyoko , Doki Noriko , Okuyama Yoshiki , Shimoyama Tatsu
Published: August 2023

Objective

The prognosis of patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is poor. Although patients who fail first‐line salvage chemotherapy are candidates for second‐line salvage chemotherapy, the optimal treatment strategy for these patients has not yet been established.

Methods

The present, single‐center, retrospective study included transplant‐eligible patients with R/R DLBCL who received second‐line salvage chemotherapy with curative intent.

Results

Seventy‐six patients with R/R DLBCL received second‐line salvage chemotherapy. Eighteen (23.7%) patients were responders to the first‐line salvage chemotherapy. The overall response rate was 39.5%, and overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in patients who responded to second‐line salvage chemotherapy than those who did not. Forty‐one patients who proceeded to potentially curative treatment (autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [ASCT], chimeric antigen receptor [CAR] T‐cell therapy, or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) had a better prognosis than those who did not. Among the 46 patients who failed to respond to the second‐line salvage regimen, only 18 (39.1%) could proceed to the curative treatments. However, among the 30 patients who responded to the second‐line salvage regimen, 23 (76.7%) received one of the potentially curative treatments. Among 34 patients who received CAR T‐cell therapy, OS was significantly longer in those who responded to salvage chemotherapy immediately prior to CAR T‐cell therapy than in those who did not respond. In contrast, the number of prior lines of chemotherapy was not identified as a statistically significant prognostic factor of survival. No significant difference was detected in OS between patients receiving ASCT and those receiving CAR T‐cell therapy after the response to second‐line salvage chemotherapy.

Discussion

In this study, we demonstrated that chemosensitivity remained a crucial factor in predicting survival outcomes following CAR T‐cell therapy irrespective of the administration timing, and that both ASCT and CAR T‐cell therapy were acceptable after the response to second‐line salvage chemotherapy.
Predicting cervical lymph node metastasis in OSCC based on computed tomography imaging genomics
Authors: Jin Nenghao , Qiao Bo , Zhao Min , Li Liangbo , Zhu Liang , Zang Xiaoyi , Gu Bin , Zhang Haizhong
Published: August 2023

Background

To investigate the correlation between computed tomography (CT) radiomic characteristics and key genes for cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods

The region of interest was annotated at the edge of the primary tumor on enhanced CT images from 140 patients with OSCC and obtained radiomic features. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing was performed on pathological sections from 20 patients. the DESeq software package was used to compare differential gene expression between groups. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis was used to construct co‐expressed gene modules, and the KEGG and GO databases were used for pathway enrichment analysis of key gene modules. Finally, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between key genes of enriched pathways and radiomic features.

Results

Four hundred and eighty radiomic features were extracted from enhanced CT images of 140 patients; seven of these correlated significantly with cervical LNM in OSCC (p < 0.01). A total of 3527 differentially expressed RNAs were screened from RNA sequencing data of 20 cases. original_glrlm_RunVariance showed significant positive correlation with most long noncoding RNAs.

Conclusions

OSCC cervical LNM is related to the salivary hair bump signaling pathway and biological process. Original_glrlm_RunVariance correlated with LNM and most differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs.
Effects of the Magnetic Orientation of M13 Bacteriophage on Phage Display Selection
Authors: Wang Shuxu , Uchida Noriyuki , Ueno Kento , Matsubara Teruhiko , Sato Toshinori , Aida Takuzo , Ishida Yasuhiro
Published: August 2023

Although phage display selection using a library of M13 bacteriophage has become a powerful tool for finding peptides that bind to target materials on demand, a remaining concern of this method is the interference by the M13 main body, which is a huge filament >103 times larger than the displayed peptide, and therefore would nonspecifically adhere to the target or sterically inhibit the binding of the displayed peptide. Meanwhile, filamentous phages are known to be orientable by an external magnetic field. If M13 filaments are magnetically oriented during the library selection, their angular arrangement relative to the target surface would be changed, being expected to control the interference by the M13 main body. This study reports that the magnetic orientation of M13 filaments vertical to the target surface significantly affects the selection. When the target surface was affinitive to the M13 main body, this orientation notably suppressed the nonspecific adhesion. Furthermore, when the target surface was less affinitive to the M13 main body and intrinsically free from the nonspecific adhesion, this orientation drastically changed the population of M13 clones obtained through library selection. The method of using no chemicals but only a physical stimulus is simple, clean, and expected to expand the scope of phage display selection.
Synthesis of Photochromic Phosphines by Pd‐Catalyzed Annulation Reaction of Alkynes Bearing Phosphinyl Substituent with a Silacyclopropene
Authors: Selvaraj Akshitha , Cordier Marie , Devillard Marc , Alcaraz Gilles
Published: August 2023

The synthesis of phosphines with light controlled basicity is presented in this study. A methodological approach for the preparation of these unconventional photochromic phosphines based on a dithienylethene organic moiety is reported. It relies on the palladium‐catalyzed annulation of alkynyl phosphines in the presence of a 2,3‐Dithienylsilacyclopropene. Accordingly, a diphenyphosphino moiety is connected to the organic photochrome thanks to different linkers. Their influence on the photochromism and on the phosphinyl group basicity is studied and evaluated based on experimental an NMR descriptor as well as DFT calculations.