bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sinusoidal nanotextures for light management in silicon thin-film solar cells
Authors: Köppel G. , Rech B. , Becker C.
Published: March 2016

We present hexagonal sinusoidal nanoimprinted textures for high-quality LPC-silicon absorber layers with excellent electronic material quality and superior optical properties.
Theoretical mechanistic investigation of zinc(ii) catalyzed oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and esters
Authors: Nisa Riffat Un , Mahmood Tariq , Ludwig Ralf , Ayub Khurshid
Published: March 2016

Theoretical mechanistic (DFT) study of the Zn(ii) catalyzed oxidation of benzylic alcohol to aldehyde and esters with H2O2 oxidant is supportive to intermediate sphere mechanism over inner sphere mechanism.
Fast and highly efficient purification of 6×histidine-tagged recombinant proteins by Ni-decorated MnFe2O4@SiO2@NH2@2AB as novel and efficient affinity adsorbent magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Rashid Zahra , Naeimi Hossein , Zarnani Amir-Hassan , Nazari Mahboobeh , Nejadmoghaddam Mohammad-Reza , Ghahremanzadeh Ramin
Published: March 2016

A fast, convenient, and inexpensive method for the preparation of MnFe2O4@SiO2@NH2@2AB-Ni magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient and novel affinity adsorbent for the highly specific capture of 6×histidine-tagged recombinant protein-A is reported.
Orderly nucleic acid aggregates by electrostatic self-assembly in single cells for miRNA detection and visualizing
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Yu Zhaopeng , Zhang Zhen , Ren Rui , Zhang Shusheng
Published: March 2016

A novel method for miRNA detection and intracellular visualizing were proposed based on orderly nucleic acid aggregates self-assembled on mesoporous silica nanoparticles.
Deep eutectic solvent-based liquid-phase microextraction for detection of plant growth regulators in edible vegetable oils
Authors: Tan Ting , Li Zhan , Mao Xuejin , Wan Yiqun , Qiu Hongdeng
Published: March 2016

A series of tunable DESs were prepared and used for the liquid-phase microextraction of plant growth regulators, including indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid and 4-iodophenoxyacetic acid, from a multi-component edible vegetable oil matrix.
Sensitive and specific detection of a new β-agonist brombuterol in tissue and feed samples by a competitive polyclonal antibody based ELISA
Authors: Du Haijing , Chu Yanxin , Yang Hong , Zhao Kang , Li Jianguo , She Pei , Zhang Xiang , Deng Anping
Published: March 2016

Brombuterol, a new β-adrenergic agonist which can enhance the lean meat-to-fat ratio, is forbidden as an additive in animal feeds for livestock production due to its adverse effects on consumers.
A metal–organic framework-derived nanoporous carbon/iron composite for enrichment of endocrine disrupting compounds from fruit juices and milk samples
Authors: Liu Xingli , Feng Tao , Wang Chenhuan , Hao Lin , Wang Chun , Wu Qiuhua , Wang Zhi
Published: March 2016

A nanoporous carbon/iron composite (MIL-53-C) was prepared and used as a magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the enrichment of some endocrine disrupting compounds from fruit juice and milk samples.
Quantitative determination of betamethasone sodium phosphate and betamethasone dipropionate in human plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and a bioequivalence study
Authors: Chen Man-Yun , Tang Yong-Jun , Wang Yi-Cheng , Wang Chong-Zhi , Yuan Chun-Su , Chen Yao , Tan Zhi-Rong , Huang Wei-Hua , Zhou Hong-Hao
Published: March 2016

The compound medicine of betamethasone sodium phosphate (BSP) and betamethasone dipropionate (BDP) is widely used for the treatment of diverse glucocorticoid-sensitive acute and chronic diseases.
A biosensing interface based on Au@BSA nanocomposite for chiral recognition of propranolol
Authors: Xuan Chunzhi , Xia Qiao , Xu Juanjuan , Wang Qinghong , Lin Xia , Fu Yingzi
Published: March 2016

The nanocomposite (Au@BSA) which was synthesized using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as an electrochemical sensing layer for chiral recognition of propranolol (PRO).
Determination of bisphenols in environmental water samples using polydopamine-coated magnetic Fe3O4 as a magnetic solid-phase extraction material coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Ye Qing , Chen Zongbao , Liu Linhai , Hong Liming
Published: March 2016

Fe3O4@polydopamine composites were synthesized and used as a magnetic adsorbent to extract bisphenols from environmental water samples before determination using HPLC.
Passive tumour targeting and extravasation of cylindrical polymer brushes in mouse xenografts
Authors: Müllner Markus , Mehta Dharmini , Nowell Cameron J. , Porter Christopher J. H.
Published: March 2016

The passive tumour targeting and extravasation performance of PEGMA-based cylindrical polymer brushes was investigated, including their behaviour upon changes to their aspect ratio.
Selective partial hydrogenation of alkynes to (Z)-alkenes with ionic liquid-doped nickel nanocatalysts at near ambient conditions
Authors: Konnerth Hannelore , Prechtl Martin H. G.
Published: March 2016

A selective hydrogenation method for forming (Z)-alkenes from alkynes has been developed using a catalyst system of cheap Ni-NPs in a nitrile functionalised imidazolium based ionic liquid (IL) operating under very mild reaction conditions of 30–50 °C and 1–4 bar H2 pressure.
Cd(ii)-MOF-IM: post-synthesis functionalization of a Cd(ii)-MOF as a triphase transfer catalyst
Authors: Wang Jian-Cheng , Ma Jian-Ping , Liu Qi-Kui , Hu Yu-Hong , Dong Yu-Bin
Published: March 2016

The post-synthetically imidazolium decorated Cd(ii)-MOF-IM can be a highly active triphase transfer catalyst to promote the azidation and thiolation of bromoalkanes between aqueous and organic phases.
How cocrystals of weakly basic drugs and acidic coformers might modulate solubility and stability
Authors: Kuminek G. , Rodríguez-Hornedo N. , Siedler S. , Rocha H. V. A. , Cuffini S. L. , Cardoso S. G.
Published: March 2016

This work reports how and why solution pH alters cocrystal solubility and stability relative to drug.
Pentacene based Onsager crosses
Authors: Geyer F. L. , Schmid S. , Brosius V. , Bojanowski N. M. , Bollmann G. , Brödner K. , Bunz U. H. F.
Published: March 2016

A dearomatization/aromatization strategy accesses two pentacene based molecular caltrops with improved solubility and film forming properties.
Single-material solvent-sensitive actuator from poly(ionic liquid) inverse opals based on gradient dewetting
Authors: Wu Hua , Kuang Minxuan , Cui Liying , Tian Di , Wang Minghui , Luan Guoyou , Wang Jingxia , Jiang Lei
Published: March 2016

A novel and reversible single-material solvent-sensitive actuator was developed from poly(ionic liquid) inverse opals based on gradient wetting/dewetting process.
Chaperone gelator for the chiral self-assembly of all proteinogenic amino acids and their enantiomers
Authors: Chen Jie , Wang Tianyu , Liu Minghua
Published: March 2016

A concept of a chaperone gelator that can assist non-gelator molecules to form gels is proposed.
Phenylene vinylene macrocycles as artificial transmembrane transporters
Authors: Hu Xinyu , Yu Chao , D. Okochi Kenji , Jin Yinghua , Liu Zhenning , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2016

We report a series of shape-persistent phenylene vinylene macrocycles (PVMs) and phenylene ethynylene macrocycles (PEMs) that mediate ion transportation across lipid bilayers.
Ion-mediated single-molecular optical switching and sensing based on the fluorophore-tethered calix[4]pyrrole
Authors: Sareen Divya , Lee Ji Hye , Hwang Hyonseok , Yoo Soeun , Lee Chang-Hee
Published: March 2016

The first asymmetrically meso-aryl substituted “two-walled” calix[4]pyrrole is explored as a single-site sequential ‘on–off–on–off’ fluorescent switch with sub-nanomolar sensitivity.
Specific receptor for hydrazine: mapping the in situ release of hydrazine in live cells and in an in vitro enzymatic assay
Authors: Ali Firoj , A. Anila H. , Taye Nandaraj , Mogare Devraj G. , Chattopadhyay Samit , Das Amitava
Published: March 2016

New chemodosimetric reagent for the specific detection of hydrazine in physiological conditions as well as for the mapping of its in situ generation in live Hct116 and HepG2 cells by enzymatic transformations.
A near-infrared AIEgen for specific imaging of lipid droplets
Authors: Kang Miaomiao , Gu Xinggui , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Leung Chris W. T. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Li Feng , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: March 2016

A new near-infrared AIE luminogen is developed for specific lipid droplet imaging with high brightness, good biocompatibility and superior photostability.
Multifaceted [36]octaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1): deprotonation-induced switching among nonaromatic, Möbius aromatic, and Hückel antiaromatic species
Authors: Cha Won-Young , Soya Takanori , Tanaka Takayuki , Mori Hirotaka , Hong Yongseok , Lee Sangsu , Park Kyu Hyung , Osuka Atsuhiro , Kim Dongho
Published: March 2016

Deprotonation of a nonaromatic octaphyrin with TBAF affords a monoanionic twisted Möbius aromatic species or a dianionic square Hückel antiaromatic species, depending upon the amount of TBAF.
Unveiling the first indole-fused thiazepine: structure, synthesis and biosynthesis of cyclonasturlexin, a remarkable cruciferous phytoalexin
Authors: Pedras M. S. C. , To Q. H.
Published: March 2016

The structure, synthesis, biosynthesis and antifungal activity of cyclonasturlexin, the most intriguing indolyl phytoalexin isolated from watercress plants, are reported.
Rhodium-catalyzed chemo- and regioselective decarboxylative addition of β-ketoacids to alkynes
Authors: Li Changkun , Grugel Christian P. , Breit Bernhard
Published: March 2016

A highly efficient rhodium-catalyzed chemo- and regioselective addition of β-ketoacids to alkynes is reported.
Co/CoO nanoparticles immobilized on Co–N-doped carbon as trifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Zhang Xian , Liu Rongrong , Zang Yipeng , Liu Guoqiang , Wang Guozhong , Zhang Yunxia , Zhang Haimin , Zhao Huijun
Published: March 2016

A Co/CoO@Co–N–C composite was fabricated using shrimp-shell derived N-doped carbon nanodots as precursor, exhibiting superior trifunctional ORR/OER/HER catalytic activity.
Tandem Rh-catalysis: decarboxylative β-keto acid and alkyne cross-coupling
Authors: Cruz Faben A. , Chen Zhiwei , Kurtoic Sarah I. , Dong Vy M.
Published: March 2016

Herein, we describe a regioselective Rh-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling of β-keto acids and alkynes to access branched γ,δ-unsaturated ketones.
Number density distribution of solvent molecules on a substrate: a transform theory for atomic force microscopy
Authors: Amano Ken-ichi , Liang Yunfeng , Miyazawa Keisuke , Kobayashi Kazuya , Hashimoto Kota , Fukami Kazuhiro , Nishi Naoya , Sakka Tetsuo , Onishi Hiroshi , Fukuma Takeshi
Published: March 2016

A theory that transforms the force curve into a hydration structure is derived, and the transformation is demonstrated.
Electronic transport properties of the first all-boron fullerene B40and its metallofullerene Sr@B40
Authors: An Yipeng , Zhang Mengjun , Wu Dapeng , Fu Zhaoming , Wang Tianxing , Xia Congxin
Published: March 2016

The conductance of the first borospherene, B40, can be increased by embedding a strontium (Sr) atom in the cage.
In situ fabrication and investigation of nanostructures and nanodevices with a microscope
Authors: Zhang Qi , Li Huiqiao , Gan Lin , Ma Ying , Golberg Dmitri , Zhai Tianyou
Published: March 2016

The widespread availability of nanostructures and nanodevices has placed strict requirements on their comprehensive characterization.
Assessing biomass catalytic pyrolysis in terms of deoxygenation pathways and energy yields for the efficient production of advanced biofuels
Authors: Hernando H. , Jiménez-Sánchez S. , Fermoso J. , Pizarro P. , Coronado J. M. , Serrano D. P.
Published: March 2016

The present work systematically studies the effect of the operation conditions of biomass catalytic pyrolysis on parameters like bio-oil oxygen content and mass yield, but also on additional indicators, such as the distribution of oxygen and chemical energy among the products.
Linear coordination polymers based on aluminum phosphates: synthesis, crystal structure and morphology
Authors: Dębowski M. , Łokaj K. , Wolak A. , Żurawski K. , Plichta A. , Zachara J. , Ostrowski A. , Florjańczyk Z.
Published: March 2016

The synthesis and properties of coordination polymers with the formula Al[O2P(OR)2]3[R = Me, Et,nPr,iPr,nBu, CH2CH(Et)(CH2)3CH3or Ph] are reported.
Impact of hole doping on spin transition in perovskite-type cobalt oxides
Authors: Che Xiangli , Li Liping , Hu Wanbiao , Li Guangshe
Published: March 2016

Electronic conduction of PrCo1−xNixO3−δ was enhanced by hole doping-driven spin state transition, which can be attributed to the Jahn–Teller distortion of CoO6 octahedra, and the variations of structural symmetry and coordination circumstance of Co3+ ions as well.
Structural diversity of alkylzinc complexes with pyrrole-based N,O-ligands: from molecular complexes to coordination polymers
Authors: Wróbel Zbigniew , Justyniak Iwona , Dranka Izabela , Lewiński Janusz
Published: March 2016

The equimolar reaction of R2Zn (where R = Et or tBu) with pyrrole-based N,O-proligands afforded a series of alkylzinc compounds with a variety of structures including a macrocyclic complex and 1D coordination polymers with versatile intramolecular or intermolecular bonding modes.
A potential role of a substrate as a base for the deprotonation pathway in Rh-catalysed C–H amination of heteroarenes: DFT insights
Authors: Ajitha Manjaly J. , Huang Kuo-Wei , Kwak Jaesung , Kim Hyun Jin , Chang Sukbok , Jung Yousung
Published: March 2016

DFT studies suggest that basic substrates assist the C–H activation step in Rh-catalysed reactions and transport protons towards the protodemetallation step.
Absorber modeling for NGCC carbon capture with aqueous piperazine
Authors: Zhang Yue , Freeman Brice , Hao Pingjiao , Rochelle Gary T.
Published: March 2016

A hybrid system combining amine scrubbing with membrane technology for carbon capture from natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plants is proposed in this paper. In this process, the CO2 in the flue gas can be enriched from 4% to 18% by the membrane, and the amine scrubbing system will have lower capture costs. Aqueous piperazine (PZ) is chosen as the solvent. Different direct contact cooler (DCC) options, multiple absorber operating conditions, optimal intercooling designs, and different cooling options have been evaluated across a wide range of inlet CO2. Amine scrubbing without DCC is a superior design for NGCC carbon capture. Pump-around cooling at the bottom of the absorber can effectively manage the temperature of the hot flue gas, and still be effective for CO2 absorption. The absorber gas inlet must be designed to avoid excessive localized temperature and solvent evaporation. When the inlet CO2 increases from 4% to 18%, total absorber CAPEX decreases by 60%; another 10% of the total absorber CAPEX can be saved by eliminating the DCC. In-and-out intercooling works well for high CO2, while pump-around intercooling is more effective for low CO2. Dry cooling requires more packing and energy but appears to be technically and economically feasible if cooling water availability is limited.
Significant improvement in the hydrogen storage capacity of a reduced graphene oxide/TiO2 nanocomposite by chemical bonding of Ti–O–C
Authors: Bajestani Zahra Gohari , Yürüm Alp , Yürüm Yuda
Published: March 2016

A series of graphene-based nanocomposites with different TiO2 contents have been prepared via a facile chemical method.
Size dependence of silver nanoparticles in carboxylic acid functionalized mesoporous silica SBA-15 for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Saikia Diganta , Huang Ya-Yang , Wu Cheng-En , Kao Hsien-Ming
Published: March 2016

Silver nanoparticles with a size around 3 nm are formed within the mesopores of –COOH functionalized mesoporous silica SBA-15, and they are highly active in the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol.
Nano-cuprous oxide catalyzed one-pot synthesis of a carbazole-based STAT3 inhibitor: a facile approach via intramolecular C–N bond formation reactions
Authors: Baburajeev C. P. , Mohan Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya , Patil Govindagouda S. , Rangappa Shobith , Pandey Vijay , Sebastian Anusha , Fuchs Julian E. , Bender Andreas , Lobie Peter E. , Basappa Basappa , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S.
Published: March 2016

In this study, we report the one-pot synthesis of substituted carbazole derivatives using nano cuprous oxide as a catalyst and demonstrated the STAT3 inhibitory activity of new compounds.
Fe3O4/rGO nanocomposite: synthesis and enhanced NOxgas-sensing properties at room temperature
Authors: Yang Ying , Sun Li , Dong Xiangting , Yu Hui , Wang Tingting , Wang Jinxian , Wang Ruihong , Yu Wensheng , Liu Guixia
Published: March 2016

Fe3O4nanoparticles-decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized using solvothermal-pyrolytic method. They have superior gas sensing performance with low detection limit, high sensitivity and short response time.
Systematic elucidation of interactive unfolding and corona formation of bovine serum albumin with cobalt ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Ahmad Farooq , Zhou Ying , Ling Zhaoxing , Xiang Qingqing , Zhou Xing
Published: March 2016

Nanoparticles (NPs) are extensively being used in modern nano-based therapies and nano-protein formulations.
The biogenic synthesis of a reduced graphene oxide–silver (RGO–Ag) nanocomposite and its dual applications as an antibacterial agent and cancer biomarker sensor
Authors: Geetha Bai Renu , Muthoosamy Kasturi , Shipton Fiona Natalia , Pandikumar Alagarsamy , Rameshkumar Perumal , Huang Nay Ming , Manickam Sivakumar
Published: March 2016

Cancer nanotechnology encourages cutting edge research utilizing nanomaterials for the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of cancer.
Preparation of a ZnO nanoparticles/multiwalled carbon nanotubes/carbon paste electrode as a sensitive tool for capecitabine determination in real samples
Authors: Madrakian Tayyebeh , Ghasemi Hojjat , Haghshenas Esmaeel , Afkhami Abbas
Published: March 2016

The present study describes the fabrication of a sensitive electrochemical sensor for the determination of capecitabine (Cap).
A tough self-assembled natural oligomer hydrogel based on nano-size vesicle cohesion
Authors: Li Kai , Pan Zhengdong , Guan Cheng , Zheng Hua , Li Kun , Zhang Hong
Published: March 2016

Vesicles made from shellac-COOH similar to asymmetric gemini surfactants could aggregated together to fabricate the network of the shellac hydrogel.
Double-mode detection of HClO by naked eye and concurrent fluorescence increasing in absolute PBS
Authors: Wang Beng , Wen Jia , Gao Kuo , Yan Hui , Xu Yongqian , Li Hongjuan , Chen Jianxin , Wang Wei , Sun Shiguo
Published: March 2016

A fluorescent probe WCN for double-mode detection of HClO by naked eye and concurrent significant fluorescence increasing in absolute PBS.
Mechanistic insight into Cu/Ag-cocatalyzed C–H activation of arenes with oxygen as the terminal oxidant
Authors: Ruan Gui-Yu , Qi Zheng-Hang , Zhang Ye , Liu Wei , Wang Yong
Published: March 2016

The possible transition states of C–H activation on the dehydrogenate coupling of arenes with alcohols employing Ag(i) additives were investigated using B3LYP density functional theory.
Improved lateral heat spreading performance for polyvinylidene fluoride composite film comprising silver nanowire in light-emitting diode
Authors: Li Zhao , Zhang Li , Qi Rong , Xie Fan , Qi Shuhua
Published: March 2016

Silver nanowire (AgNW) attracts great attention as a heat dissipation material due to its excellent thermal transfer property which exceeds most traditional heat sink materials.
A computational study of CH4 storage in porous framework materials with metalated linkers: connecting the atomistic character of CH4 binding sites to usable capacity
Authors: Tsivion Ehud , Mason Jarad A. , Gonzalez Miguel. I. , Long Jeffrey R. , Head-Gordon Martin
Published: March 2016

Open-metal sites are shown to significantly increase the CH4 storage capacity of porous materials. It is shown that the capacity is not determined solely by their CH4 affinity, but also by their geometry as well as by guest molecules.
A room temperature phosphorescence encoding [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle
Authors: Ma Xiang , Zhang Jing , Cao Jingjing , Yao Xuyang , Cao Tiantian , Gong Yifan , Zhao Chunchang , Tian He
Published: March 2016

The shuttling of an acid–base switchable bistable [2]rotaxane is addressed by room temperature phosphorescence emission signals.
Structural switching in self-assembled metal–ligand helicate complexes via ligand-centered reactions
Authors: Holloway Lauren R. , McGarraugh Hannah H. , Young Michael C. , Sontising Watit , Beran Gregory J. O. , Hooley Richard J.
Published: March 2016

Ligand centered reactions are capable of conferring structural switching between a metastable, self-assembled Fe–iminopyridine aggregate and a stable M2L3 helicate.
An arch-bridge-type fluorophore for bridging the gap between aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE)
Authors: Huang Manna , Yu Ruina , Xu Ke , Ye Shuxian , Kuang Shi , Zhu Xinhai , Wan Yiqian
Published: March 2016

A novel unique arch-bridge-like stator, after the rigidification of rotor 1 by intramolecular H-bonding, afforded two classes of solution and solid dual photoluminescence (PL) molecules.
Effective motor neuron differentiation of hiPSCs on a patch made of crosslinked monolayer gelatin nanofibers
Authors: Tang Yadong , Liu Li , Li Junjun , Yu Leqian , Severino Francesco Paolo Ulloa , Wang Li , Shi Jian , Tu Xiaolong , Torre Vincent , Chen Yong
Published: March 2016

A patch made of crosslinked monolayer nanofibers was used for motor neuron differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells and plug-and-play with a commercial multi-electrode array for neuron spike recording.
Luminescence tuning of the Dy–Zn metal–organic framework and its application in the detection of Fe(iii) ions
Authors: Li Yu-Fei , Wang Dan , Liao Zhuang , Kang Yang , Ding Wei-Hua , Zheng Xiang-Jun , Jin Lin-Pei
Published: March 2016

A single-component Dy–Zn MOF with white-light emission was used to detect Fe(iii) with the combination of f–f transitions and ligand-based emission, which provides a platform for the design and application of the white-light emitting materials and chemosensors for metal ions.
Improved data driven model free adaptive constrained control for a solid oxide fuel cell
Authors: Xu Dezhi , Jiang Bin , Liu Fei
Published: March 2016

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are considered the most important in the field of fuel cells. However, SOFCs give a challenging control problem due to their slow dynamics, complex non‐linearity, and operating constraints. In this study, an improved model free adaptive constrained control scheme is proposed to solve the SOFC control problem with I/O measurement data. Since the control terms appear within the unknown non‐linear dynamic, an improved compact form dynamic linearisation data driven modelling method is used to simplify the SOFC system. In the design procedure of the controller, a novel dynamic anti‐windup compensator is used to deal with the move magnitude and rate saturations of SOFC control input. Moreover, the authors also theoretically prove that all the signals in the closed‐loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded based on Lyapunov stability analysis method. Finally, simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of the proposed constrained control scheme.
Fault current testing envelopes for VSC HVDC circuit breakers
Authors: Cwikowski Oliver , Chang Bin , Barnes Mike , Shuttleworth Roger , Beddard Antony
Published: March 2016

Circuit breakers for high voltage direct current (HVDC) applications are seen as a required technological step in the development of HVDC grids. The development of several new HVDC circuit breaker prototypes indicate that this step may be achieved in the years to come. In order to facilitate the installation of HVDC circuit breakers, appropriate standards and tests need to be developed. These tests and standards must ensure that the technology is capable of functioning as required. In cases where direct testing cannot be carried out, a synthetic test circuit is used to recreate the conditions of the power system. Testing envelopes which encapsulate the fault currents for two types of voltage source converter under fault conditions are analytically derived in this study and compared with simulations. Testing envelopes allow specifications for HVDC breaker test circuits to be defined. Discussion is also given to the worst type of fault and protection operation time estimates.
Method to measure the unbalance of the multiple‐circuit transmission lines on the same tower and its applications
Authors: Wang Yufei , Xu Xing , Xue Hua
Published: March 2016

This study proposes a new method for measuring the unbalance of the multiple‐circuit transmission lines (MCTLs) on the same tower, which can characterise the physical natures of the line unbalance. First, the impedance and the sequence current of the MCTLs on the same tower are calculated under the consideration of the impact of ground wires. Then, the unbalance suppression methods of the optimal phase sequence arrangement and asymmetry parameter compensation are presented. Finally, the model of the six‐circuit transmission lines on the same tower is simulated in PSCAD according to a real project in China. The line unbalance, the impacts of the connection patterns of ground wires on unbalance and the unbalance suppression are simulated and analysed. Simulation results show that the proposed method is applicable and convenient to accurately calculate the parameters of the line unbalance and to select the optimal way to suppress the unbalance. The work can provide the theoretical guidance for the optimal design and the operation of the MCTLs on the same tower.
Crystallisation effect of conductive ions in freezing water during phase transition and its effect on ice flashover voltage
Authors: Jiang Xingliang , Hu Yuyao , Shu Lichun , Zhang Zhijin , Hu Jianlin , Hu Qin , Wang Quanlin
Published: March 2016

Icing experiments on three units of XP4‐160 insulator string are conducted to reveal the influence of the crystallisation effect of conductive ions during phase transition on melting water conductivity and ice flashover voltage, and to analyse the motion of conductive ions and its spatial distribution. The influence of different parameters, such as freezing water conductivity, electric field and pollution, on crystallisation effect is examined and analysed. Results of the tests indicate that the melting water conductivity of the ice layer and icicles is considerably greater than that of freezing water, particularly for a polluted insulator, because of the crystallisation effect. The electric field has a significant influence on the crystallisation effect, that is, the melting water conductivity under a non‐energised condition is higher than that under an energised condition. Finally, through 35 kV insulator flashover tests, the reason for the propagation of partial arcs over icicles is determined, and the flashover process is illustrated. The crystallisation effect during phase transition changes the ion distribution in a solid ice layer, thereby increasing water film conductivity, and is also a critical reason for the decline of ice flashover voltage.
2.9 C—N Bond Formation by C—H Functionalization via Metal-Catalyzed Nitrene Insertion
Authors: Weldy N. , Blakey S. B.
Published: March 2016

New routes for the formation of C—N bonds are important due to the prevalence of these bonds in complex natural products and molecules of pharmaceutical interest. Metallonitrene amination requires pre-oxidation of an amine, using precursors such as azides, N-(tosyloxy)carbamates, and iminoiodinanes. Binding of a transition-metal catalyst to the nitrene source gives the metallonitrene, which is capable of inserting into C—H bonds. Insertion may be made enantioselective in some systems by the use of a chiral metal complex. Most early examples of metallonitrene C—H amination focused on insertion into benzylic C—H bonds, but recently the substrate scope has been expanded to include aryl, vinyl, and even unactivated tertiary, secondary, and primary bonds.
Can genomics assist the phenological adaptation of canola to new and changing environments?
Authors: Nelson Matthew N. , Lilley Julianne M. , Helliwell Chris , Taylor Candy M. , Siddique Kadambot H. M. , Chen Sheng , Raman Harsh , Batley Jacqueline , Cowling Wallace A.
Published: March 2016

Timing of life history events (phenology) is a key driver for the adaptation of grain crops to their environments. Anthesis (flowering) date is the critical phenological stage that has been most extensively studied. Maximum crop yield is achieved by maximising the duration of the pre-anthesis biomass accumulation phase and hence yield potential, while minimising the risk of water stress and temperature stress (heat and cold) during flowering and grain-filling stages. In this article, we review our understanding of phenology of the valuable oilseed crop canola (oilseed rape, Brassica napus L.) from the perspectives of biophysical modelling and genetics. In conjunction, we review the genomic resources for canola and how they could be used to develop models that can accurately predict flowering date in any given set of environmental conditions. Finally, we discuss how molecular marker tools can help canola breeders to continue to improve canola productivity in the light of climate changes and to broaden its adaptation into new agricultural areas.
Dominant, open nonverbal displays are attractive at zero-acquaintance
Authors: Vacharkulksemsuk Tanya , Reit Emily , Khambatta Poruz , Eastwick Paul W. , Finkel Eli J. , Carney Dana R.
Published: March 2016

Significance

This set of studies tested whether humans are more attracted to individuals displaying their bodies expansively, a behavior considered to express both dominance and openness. Results from two field studies—a speed-dating event and a controlled experiment using a Global Positioning System-based dating application—suggested that (i) expansive (vs. contractive) body posture increases one’s romantic desirability; (ii) these results are consistent across gender; and (iii) perceived dominance and perceived openness are mechanisms through which expansiveness exerts its effect. These findings indicate that in modern-day dating contexts, in which initial attraction often is determined by a rapid decision following a brief interaction or seeing a photograph, displays of expansive posture increase one’s chances of initial romantic success.
Transmission dynamics of Ebola virus disease and intervention effectiveness in Sierra Leone
Authors: Fang Li-Qun , Yang Yang , Jiang Jia-Fu , Yao Hong-Wu , Kargbo David , Li Xin-Lou , Jiang Bao-Gui , Kargbo Brima , Tong Yi-Gang , Wang Ya-Wei , Liu Kun , Kamara Abdul , Dafae Foday , Kanu Alex , Jiang Rui-Ruo , Sun Ye , Sun Ruo-Xi , Chen Wan-Jun , Ma Mai-Juan , Dean Natalie E. , Thomas Harold , Longini Ira M. , Halloran M. Elizabeth , Cao Wu-Chun
Published: March 2016

Significance

Since the initial recognition of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in 1976, many epidemics have occurred in Africa. Serious concerns remain that the fatal disease may repeatedly reemerge. In this study, we used data from an unprecedented EVD outbreak in Sierra Leone to map spatiotemporal transmission patterns, identify influential factors, and assess the effects of interventions at the chiefdom level. Furthermore, we have quantified household transmissibility and the temporal association between interventions and household transmission. Our findings have deepened the understanding of the transmission dynamics of EVD and provided key information for future modeling efforts in forecasting future epidemics and establishing intervention strategies.
Small-scale societies exhibit fundamental variation in the role of intentions in moral judgment
Authors: Barrett H. Clark , Bolyanatz Alexander , Crittenden Alyssa N. , Fessler Daniel M. T. , Fitzpatrick Simon , Gurven Michael , Henrich Joseph , Kanovsky Martin , Kushnick Geoff , Pisor Anne , Scelza Brooke A. , Stich Stephen , von Rueden Chris , Zhao Wanying , Laurence Stephen
Published: March 2016

Significance

It is widely considered a universal feature of human moral psychology that reasons for actions are taken into account in most moral judgments. However, most evidence for this moral intent hypothesis comes from large-scale industrialized societies. We used a standardized methodology to test the moral intent hypothesis across eight traditional small-scale societies (ranging from hunter-gatherer to pastoralist to horticulturalist) and two Western societies (one urban, one rural). The results show substantial variation in the degree to which an individual’s intentions influence moral judgments of his or her actions, with intentions in some cases playing no role at all. This dimension of cross-cultural variation in moral judgment may have important implications for understanding cultural disagreements over wrongdoing.
Heterodimerization within the TREK channel subfamily produces a diverse family of highly regulated potassium channels
Authors: Levitz Joshua , Royal Perrine , Comoglio Yannick , Wdziekonski Brigitte , Schaub Sébastien , Clemens Daniel M. , Isacoff Ehud Y. , Sandoz Guillaume
Published: March 2016

Significance

The two-pore-domain K
+
(K
2P
) family of potassium channels provides basal inhibitory tone to regulate resting membrane potential and excitability of neurons. Although physiological and biochemical studies have indicated that distinct members of the family can heterodimerize, the tendency to do so, rather than homodimerize, and the functional effects of heterodimerization are minimally understood. We find that Twik-related K
+
channel 1 (TREK1) dimerizes as readily with TREK2 as with itself and also with Twik-related arachidonic-acid stimulated K
+
channel (TRAAK), although less efficiently. The heterodimers combine functional properties of their constituents in terms of three key modes of regulation: by external pH, internal pH, and phospholipase D2. The unique regulatory properties of TREK1-TREK2 and TREK1-TRAAK heterodimers provide insight into the extracellular and intracellular gating mechanisms of K
2P
channels.
[
18
F]CFA as a clinically translatable probe for PET imaging of deoxycytidine kinase activity
Authors: Kim Woosuk , Le Thuc M. , Wei Liu , Poddar Soumya , Bazzy Jimmy , Wang Xuemeng , Uong Nhu T. , Abt Evan R. , Capri Joseph R. , Austin Wayne R. , Van Valkenburgh Juno S. , Steele Dalton , Gipson Raymond M. , Slavik Roger , Cabebe Anthony E. , Taechariyakul Thotsophon , Yaghoubi Shahriar S. , Lee Jason T. , Sadeghi Saman , Lavie Arnon , Faull Kym F. , Witte Owen N. , Donahue Timothy R. , Phelps Michael E. , Herschman Harvey R. , Herrmann Ken , Czernin Johannes , Radu Caius G.
Published: March 2016

Significance

Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is required for the activation of multiple nucleoside analog prodrugs used in cancer therapy and is a potential new therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. Here, we identify [
18
F]Clofarabine; 2-chloro-2′-deoxy-2′-[
18
F]fluoro-9-β-
d
-arabinofuranosyl-adenine ([
18
F]CFA) as a new candidate PET probe for dCK, with superior specificity and biodistribution in humans compared with existing probes. [
18
F]CFA PET may provide a useful companion biomarker for therapeutic interventions against cancer that include nucleoside analog prodrugs, dCK inhibitors, and immunotherapies.
Functional architecture of the Reb1-Ter complex of
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Jaiswal Rahul , Choudhury Malay , Zaman Shamsu , Singh Samarendra , Santosh Vishaka , Bastia Deepak , Escalante Carlos R.
Published: March 2016

Significance

Transcription termination of rRNA genes by RNA polymerase I (pol I) in fission yeast requires the binding of the Reb1 protein to a terminator site (Ter). Termination is physiologically necessary because its elimination can cause replication–transcription collision and induction of genome instability. Furthermore, without termination, pol I can become unproductively sequestered on the DNA templates. We have determined the crystal structure of fission yeast terminator protein Reb1-Ter complex revealing its functional architecture. Structure-guided functional analysis revealed that it is not just tight binding of the protein to Ter but protein–protein interactions with the Rpa12 subunit of RNA polymerase I that causes transcriptional arrest.
Output-driven feedback system control platform optimizes combinatorial therapy of tuberculosis using a macrophage cell culture model
Authors: Silva Aleidy , Lee Bai-Yu , Clemens Daniel L. , Kee Theodore , Ding Xianting , Ho Chih-Ming , Horwitz Marcus A.
Published: March 2016

Significance

Improved regimens for treatment of tuberculosis are needed to shorten the duration of treatment and combat the emergence of drug resistance. Selection of optimized regimens requires assessment of numerous combinations of existing drugs at multiple dose levels. This requirement presents a challenge because of the exponentially large number of combinations—
N

M

for
N
doses of
M
drugs. We show here using a high-throughput macrophage model of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection that a feedback system control technique can determine optimal drug treatment regimens by testing a relatively small number of drug–dose combinations. In an independent assay measuring intramacrophage killing of
M. tuberculosis
, the optimized regimens are superior to the current standard regimen.
Rethinking progesterone regulation of female reproductive cyclicity
Authors: Kubota Kaiyu , Cui Wei , Dhakal Pramod , Wolfe Michael W. , Rumi M. A. Karim , Vivian Jay L. , Roby Katherine F. , Soares Michael J.
Published: March 2016

Significance

Progesterone possesses an essential role in regulating female fertility, with prominent actions throughout the female reproductive axis. The neuroendocrine actions of progesterone have been viewed as critical for the control of the female reproductive cycle. This basic principle has been reinforced by in vivo experimental paradigms, using hormone replacement as well as pharmacologic and genetic disruption of the progesterone receptor (PGR). Phenotypic characterization of
Pgr
null rats strengthens roles for progesterone in the regulation of female fertility, but not roles for progesterone as an essential determinant of female reproductive cyclicity, challenging an elemental principle of mammalian reproductive biology. Such findings demonstrate the benefits of genome editing in expanding available animal models for physiologic investigation.
The future in reports
Authors: Bondi Marina
Published: March 2016

Company disclosures are often looked at as narrative rather than argumentative or directive texts. And yet “irrealis” statements – references to future or hypothetical processes – do play a role and contribute greatly to the construction of corporate identity. Combining a corpus and a discourse perspective, the paper looks at references to the future in a corpus of CSR (corporate social responsibility) reports. After a preliminary analysis of frequency data, a case study of markers of futurity is presented, focusing on ways of expressing prediction or commitment, together with attitudinal values or evaluations of importance. Keywords and phraseology are studied to highlight how prediction and commitment statements are used to legitimize the company’s (past) conduct.
Anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract from Houttuynia cordata poultice
Authors: Sekita Yasuko , Murakami Keiji , Yumoto Hiromichi , Mizuguchi Hiroyuki , Amoh Takashi , Ogino Satoshi , Matsuo Takashi , Miyake Yoichiro , Fukui Hiroyuki , Kashiwada Yoshiki
Published: March 2016

Houttuynia cordata (HC) has been commonly used as many traditional remedies in local areas of Japan. Although many pharmacological activities of HC have been reported, the mechanism underlying the effect of HC remains unknown. We conducted the interview survey in Japan to verify how HC was actually used. The interview survey revealed that HC poultice (HCP) prepared from smothering fresh leaves of HC was most frequently used for the treatment of purulent skin diseases including furuncle and carbuncle with high effectiveness. Ethanol extract of HCP (eHCP) showed anti-bacterial effects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and showed an anti-biofilm activity against MRSA. eHCP showed dose-dependent inhibition of S. aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-induced interleukin-8 and CCL20 production in human keratinocyte without any cytotoxicity. These results suggest that HCP is effective for skin abscess and its underlying mechanism might be the complicated multiple activities for both bacteria and host cells.
SOBIR1 contributes to non-host resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae in Arabidopsis
Authors: Takahashi Toshiharu , Shibuya Haruki , Ishikawa Atsushi
Published: March 2016

The rate of entry of Magnaporthe oryzae into Arabidopsis pen2 sobir1 plants was significantly higher than that into pen2 plants. The length of the infection hyphae in pen2 sobir1 plants was significantly longer than that in pen2 plants. These results suggest that SOBIR1 is involved in both penetration and post-penetration resistance to M. oryzae in Arabidopsis.
Precipitation of sword bean proteins by heating and addition of magnesium chloride in a crude extract
Authors: Nishizawa Kaho , Masuda Tetsuya , Takenaka Yasuyuki , Masui Hironori , Tani Fumito , Arii Yasuhiro
Published: March 2016

Sword bean (Canavalia gladiata) seeds are a traditional food in Asian countries. In this study, we aimed to determine the optimal methods for the precipitation of sword bean proteins useful for the food development. The soaking time for sword beans was determined by comparing it with that for soybeans. Sword bean proteins were extracted from dried seeds in distilled water using novel methods. We found that most proteins could be precipitated by heating the extract at more than 90 °C. Interestingly, adding magnesium chloride to the extract at lower temperatures induced specific precipitation of a single protein with a molecular weight of approximately 48 kDa. The molecular weight and N-terminal sequence of the precipitated protein was identical to that of canavalin. These data suggested that canavalin was precipitated by the addition of magnesium chloride to the extract. Our results provide important insights into the production of processed foods from sword bean.
Synthesis of the (9R,13R)-isomer of LDS1, a flower-inducing oxylipin isolated from Lemna paucicostata
Authors: Takayasu Yuki , Ogura Yusuke , Towada Ryo , Kuwahara Shigefumi
Published: March 2016

The first synthesis of the (9R,13R)-stereoisomer of LDS1, a flower-inducing oxylipin isolated from Lemna paucicostata, has been achieved from a known allylic alcohol by a seven-step sequence that involves the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons olefination to construct its full carbon framework and an enzymatic hydrolysis of a penultimate methyl ester intermediate to provide the target molecule.
Semantic and phonological influences on visual word learning in a transparent language
Authors: Suárez-Coalla Paz , Cuetos Fernando
Published: March 2016

Orthographic representations of words are indispensable for reading fluency. The ways in which these representations are developed and their resistance to decay are hotly debated topics. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of semantic and phonological representations on the formation of orthographic representations in a transparent orthography. In order to achieve this objective, an experiment with three conditions was carried out. In the first condition, a group of university students were asked to repeatedly read 10 new words after semantic and phonological training, in the second condition another group of participants read the new words after phonological training, and in the third condition participants read without previous training. Finally, a follow-up session was performed to test the resistance to decay of the orthographic representations. The results showed that participants who had received semantic training formed the representations faster than participants in the other conditions, as indicated by the decrease in length effect. These results indicate the important role of previous knowledge when people face new written words. A month later these orthographic representations still remained in the lexicon of the participants.
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K3 of the air-kerma standards of the NRC, Canada and the BIPM in medium-energy x-rays
Authors: Burns D T , Kessler C , Mainegra-Hing E , Shen H , McEwen M R
Published: March 2016

A key comparison has been made between the air-kerma standards of the NRC, Canada and the BIPM in the medium-energy x-ray range. The results show the standards to be in agreement at the level of the standard uncertainty of the comparison of 3.3 parts in 103. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence, suitable for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).