bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Regimens in Cement Spacers for Periprosthetic Joint Infections: A Critical Review
Authors: Naoum Symeon , Koutserimpas Christos , Pantekidis Ioannis , Giovanoulis Vasileios , Veizi Enejd , Piagkou Maria , Ioannou Petros , Samonis George , Domouchtsidou Aglaia , Tsantes Andreas G. , Papadopoulos Dimitrios V.
Published: August 2024

Antibiotic-loaded cement spacers (ALCSs) are essential for treating periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) by providing mechanical support and local antibiotic delivery. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively examine the various types of spacers utilised in the management of periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs), including both static and articulating variants and to analyse the fundamental principles underlying spacer use, their clinical benefits, the selection and administration of antimicrobial agents, appropriate dosages, and potential adverse effects. Articulating spacers, which allow joint mobility, often yield better outcomes than static ones. Spacer pharmacokinetics are vital for maintaining therapeutic antibiotic levels, influenced by cement porosity, mixing techniques, and the contact area. Antibiotic choice depends on heat stability, solubility, and impact on cement’s mechanical properties. Mechanical properties are crucial, as spacers must withstand physical stresses, with antibiotics potentially affecting these properties. Complications, such as tissue damage and systemic toxicity, are discussed, along with mitigation strategies. Future advancements include surface modifications and novel carriers to enhance biofilm management and infection control.
Multiplatform Computer Vision System to Support Physical Fitness Assessments in Schoolchildren
Authors: Sulla-Torres José , Santos-Pamo Bruno , Cárdenas-Rodríguez Fabrizzio , Angulo-Osorio Javier , Gómez-Campos Rossana , Cossio-Bolaños Marco
Published: August 2024

Currently, the lack of physical activity can lead to health problems, with the increase in obesity in children between 8 and 18 years old being of particular interest because it is a formative stage. One of the aspects of trying to solve this problem is the need for a standardized, less subjective, and more efficient method of evaluating physical condition in these children compared to traditional approaches. Objective: Develop a multiplatform based on computer vision technology that allows the evaluation of the physical fitness of schoolchildren using smartphones. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on schoolchildren aged 8 to 18 years of both sexes. The sample was 228 schoolchildren (128 boys and 108 girls). Anthropometric measurements of weight, height, and waist circumference were evaluated. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Four physical tests were evaluated: flexibility (sit and reach), horizontal jump (explosive strength), biceps curl (right arm strength resistance), and sit-ups (abdominal muscle resistance). With the information collected traditionally and by filming the physical tests, a computer vision system was developed to evaluate physical fitness in schoolchildren. Results: The implemented system obtained an acceptable level of precision, reaching 94% precision in field evaluations and a percentage greater than 95% in laboratory evaluations for testing. The developed mobile application also obtained a high accuracy percentage, greater than 95% in two tests and close to 85% in the remaining two. Finally, the Systematic Software Quality Model was used to determine user satisfaction with the presented prototype. Regarding usability, a satisfaction level of 97% and a reliability level of 100% was obtained. Conclusion: Compared to traditional evaluation and computer vision, the proposal was satisfactorily validated. These results were obtained using the Expanded Systematic Software Quality Model, which reached an “advanced” quality level, satisfying functionality, usability, and reliability characteristics. This advance demonstrates that the integration of computer vision is feasible, highly effective in the educational context, and applicable in the evaluations of physical education classes.
Open Sesame! Universal Black-Box Jailbreaking of Large Language Models
Authors: Lapid Raz , Langberg Ron , Sipper Moshe
Published: August 2024

Large language models (LLMs), designed to provide helpful and safe responses, often rely on alignment techniques to align with user intent and social guidelines. Unfortunately, this alignment can be exploited by malicious actors seeking to manipulate an LLM’s outputs for unintended purposes. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach that employs a genetic algorithm (GA) to manipulate LLMs when model architecture and parameters are inaccessible. The GA attack works by optimizing a universal adversarial prompt that—when combined with a user’s query—disrupts the attacked model’s alignment, resulting in unintended and potentially harmful outputs. Our novel approach systematically reveals a model’s limitations and vulnerabilities by uncovering instances where its responses deviate from expected behavior. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate the efficacy of our technique, thus contributing to the ongoing discussion on responsible AI development by providing a diagnostic tool for evaluating and enhancing alignment of LLMs with human intent. To our knowledge, this is the first automated universal black-box jailbreak attack.
Variance Feedback Drift Detection Method for Evolving Data Streams Mining
Authors: Han Meng , Meng Fanxing , Li Chunpeng
Published: August 2024

Learning from changing data streams is one of the important tasks of data mining. The phenomenon of the underlying distribution of data streams changing over time is called concept drift. In classification decision-making, the occurrence of concept drift will greatly affect the classification efficiency of the original classifier, that is, the old decision-making model is not suitable for the new data environment. Therefore, dealing with concept drift from changing data streams is crucial to guarantee classifier performance. Currently, most concept drift detection methods apply the same detection strategy to different data streams, with little attention to the uniqueness of each data stream. This limits the adaptability of drift detectors to different environments. In our research, we designed a unique solution to address this issue. First, we proposed a variance estimation strategy and a variance feedback strategy to characterize the data stream’s characteristics through variance. Based on this variance, we developed personalized drift detection schemes for different data streams, thereby enhancing the adaptability of drift detection in various environments. We conducted experiments on data streams with various types of drifts. The experimental results show that our algorithm achieves the best average ranking for accuracy on the synthetic dataset, with an overall ranking 1.12 to 1.5 higher than the next-best algorithm. In comparison with algorithms using the same tests, our method improves the ranking by 3 to 3.5 for the Hoeffding test and by 1.12 to 2.25 for the McDiarmid test. In addition, they achieve a good balance between detection delay and false positive rates. Finally, our algorithm ranks higher than existing drift detection methods across the four key metrics of accuracy, CPU time, false positives, and detection delay, meeting our expectations.
Optimization and Application of Improved YOLOv9s-UI for Underwater Object Detection
Authors: Pan Wei , Chen Jiabao , Lv Bangjun , Peng Likun
Published: August 2024

The You Only Look Once (YOLO) series of object detection models is widely recognized for its efficiency and real-time performance, particularly under the challenging conditions of underwater environments, characterized by insufficient lighting and visual disturbances. By modifying the YOLOv9s model, this study aims to improve the accuracy and real-time capabilities of underwater object detection, resulting in the introduction of the YOLOv9s-UI detection model. The proposed model incorporates the Dual Dynamic Token Mixer (D-Mixer) module from TransXNet to improve feature extraction capabilities. Additionally, it integrates a feature fusion network design from the LocalMamba network, employing channel and spatial attention mechanisms. These attention modules effectively guide the feature fusion process, significantly enhancing detection accuracy while maintaining the model’s compact size of only 9.3 M. Experimental evaluation on the UCPR2019 underwater object dataset shows that the YOLOv9s-UI model has higher accuracy and recall than the existing YOLOv9s model, as well as excellent real-time performance. This model significantly improves the ability of underwater target detection by introducing advanced feature extraction and attention mechanisms. The model meets portability requirements and provides a more efficient solution for underwater detection.
Chemical Risk Assessment for Small Businesses: Development of the Chemical Hazard Assessment and Prioritization Risk (CHAP-Risk) Tool
Authors: Tenkate Thomas , Kramer Desre M. , Drolet Daniel , Strahlendorf Peter , Peters Cheryl E. , Candeloro Sana , Holness D. Linn
Published: August 2024

There are a large number of chemicals commercially available, but relatively few have legislated occupational exposure limits. Assessing the hazard and risk posed by most chemicals used in the workplace is therefore challenging, especially for small workplaces. This paper describes the development of an easy-to-use MS Excel spreadsheet-based tool (called CHAP-Risk) designed to assist small businesses to undertake a simple assessment of the health and safety risks posed by the chemicals they use. We developed the CHAP-Risk tool through engaging an expert review panel and undertaking a detailed review of existing tools, and by validating a trial version which was piloted by six workplaces and 59 workers. We received multiple rounds of feedback from key experts and end-users, and in response, through 58 versions, refined CHAP-Risk to produce the final free public-release version of the tool. Workplace participants thought that the CHAP-Risk tool would be useful in improving worker and employers’ understanding of workplace chemical risks. However, because this tool required users to have more in-depth knowledge of workplaces’ processes, there was mixed feedback on its usability: those with OHS training were very positive, while others thought it would be too difficult for shop-floor workers to use.
Topology Optimization with Explicit Components Considering Stress Constraints
Authors: Ma Yubao , Li Zhiguo , Wei Yuxuan , Yang Kai
Published: August 2024

Topology optimization focuses on the conceptual design of structures, characterized by a large optimization space and a significant impact on structural performance, and has been widely applied in industrial fields such as aviation and aerospace. However, most topology optimization methods prioritize structural stiffness and often overlook stress levels, which are critical factors in engineering design. In recent years, explicit topology optimization methods have been extensively developed due to their ability to produce clear boundaries and their compatibility with CAD/CAE systems. Nevertheless, research on incorporating stress constraints within the explicit topology optimization framework remains scarce. This paper is dedicated to investigating stress constraints within the explicit topology optimization framework. Due to the clear boundaries and absence of intermediate density elements in the explicit topology optimization framework, this approach avoids the challenge of stress calculation for intermediate density elements encountered in the traditional density method. This provides a natural advantage in solving topology optimization problems considering stress constraints, resulting in more accurate stress calculations. Compared with existing approaches, this paper proposes a novel component topology description function that enhances the deformability of components, improving the representation of geometric boundaries. The lower-bound Kreisselmeier–Steinhauser aggregation function is employed to manage the stress constraint, reducing the solution scale and computational burden. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through two classic examples of topology optimization.
Innovative Deep Learning Approaches for High-Precision Segmentation and Characterization of Sandstone Pore Structures in Reservoirs
Authors: Suo Limin , Wang Zhaowei , Liu Hailong , Cui Likai , Sun Xianda , Qin Xudong
Published: August 2024

The detailed characterization of the pore structure in sandstone is pivotal for the assessment of reservoir properties and the efficiency of oil and gas exploration. Traditional fully supervised learning algorithms are limited in performance enhancement and require a substantial amount of accurately annotated data, which can be challenging to obtain. To address this, we introduce a semi-supervised framework with a U-Net backbone network. Our dataset was curated from 295 two-dimensional CT grayscale images, selected at intervals from nine 4 mm sandstone core samples. To augment the dataset, we employed StyleGAN2-ADA to generate a large number of images with a style akin to real sandstone images. This approach allowed us to generate pseudo-labels through semi-supervised learning, with only a small subset of the data being annotated. The accuracy of these pseudo-labels was validated using ensemble learning methods. The experimental results demonstrated a pixel accuracy of 0.9993, with a pore volume discrepancy of just 0.0035 compared to the actual annotated data. Furthermore, by reconstructing the three-dimensional pore structure of the sandstone, we have shown that the synthetic three-dimensional pores can effectively approximate the throat length distribution of the real sandstone pores and exhibit high precision in simulating throat shapes.
Frailty Insights Detection System (FIDS)—A Comprehensive and Intuitive Dashboard Using Artificial Intelligence and Web Technologies
Authors: Ciubotaru Bogdan-Iulian , Sasu Gabriel-Vasilică , Goga Nicolae , Vasilățeanu Andrei , Marin Iuliana , Păvăloiu Ionel-Bujorel , Gligore Claudiu Teodor Ion
Published: August 2024

Frailty, known as a syndrome affecting the elderly, have a direct impact on both social well-being and body’s ability to function properly. Specific to geriatric healthcare, the early detection of frailty helps the specialists to mitigate risks of severe health outcomes. This article presents the development process of a system used to determine frailty-specific parameters, focusing on easy-to-use, non-intrusive nature and reliance on objectively measured parameters. The multitude of methodologies and metrics involved in frailty assessment emphasize the multidimensional aspects of this process and the lack of a common and widely accepted methodology as being the gold standard. After the research phase, the frailty-specific parameters considered are physical activity, energy expenditure, unintentional weight loss, and exhaustion, along with additional parameters like daily sedentary time, steps history, heart rate, and body mass index. The system architecture, artificial intelligence models, feature selection, and final prototype results are presented. The last section addresses the challenges, limitations, and future work related to the Frailty Insights Detection System (FIDS).
Microbial Multienzyme Viz., Pectinase, Cellulase and Amylase Production Using Fruit and Vegetable Waste as Substrate—A Review
Authors: Singh Balvindra , Soni Sumit K. , Mathur Priti , Garg Neelima
Published: August 2024

Around 70 million metric tonnes of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) are produced each year and are eventually discarded as wholesale garbage. Microorganisms decompose this FVW, which has led to environmental contamination, greenhouse gas emissions, and other impacts related to climate change. If FVW are used properly, they can reduce environmental damage and also boost a nation’s economy. FVW contain vast amounts of biopolymers, viz., pectin, cellulose, and starch, all of which are hydrolysed by microbes with the aid of the pectinase, cellulase, and amylase enzymes, respectively. Therefore, in light of this, the intervention of microorganisms for the production of pectinase, cellulase, and amylase could be a safe, cost-effective, and eco-friendly approach for the precise utilisation of FVW. Nowadays, thermophilic multienzymes are extracted from a group of hot spring microbes. Thermophilic multienzymes are more capable of surviving at high temperatures and have less degrading capability. Moreover, through this advancement, we can obtain vast amounts of pectinase, cellulase, and amylase enzymes within a short period of time. This microbial enzyme preparation might be helpful in food, textiles, paper, pulp, animal feed supplements, detergents, juice/pulp clarity, leather, and other related sectors.
Macrogenomics Reveals Effects on Marine Microbial Communities during Oplegnathus punctatus Enclosure Farming
Authors: Wang Lijun , Lu Xiaofei , Xing Zhikai , Teng Xindong , Wang Shuang , Liu Tianyi , Zheng Li , Wang Xumin , Qu Jiangyong
Published: August 2024

(1) Background: Laizhou Bay is an important aquaculture area in the north of China. Oplegnathus punctatus is one of the species with high economic benefits. In recent years, the water environment of Laizhou Bay has reached a mild eutrophication level, while microorganisms are an important group between the environment and species. In this study, we evaluated alterations in environmental elements, microbial populations, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) along with their interconnections during Oplegnathus punctatus net culture. (2) Methods: A total of 142 samples from various water layers were gathered for metagenome assembly analysis. Mariculture increases the abundance of microorganisms in this culture area and makes the microbial community structure more complex. The change had more significant effects on sediment than on seawater. (3) Results: Certain populations of cyanobacteria and Candidatus Micrarchaecta in seawater, and Actinobacteria and Thaumarchaeota in sediments showed high abundance in the mariculture area. Antibiotic resistance genes in sediments were more sensitive to various environmental factors, especially oxygen solubility and salinity. (4) Conclusions: These findings highlight the complex and dynamic nature of microorganism–environment–ARG interactions, characterized by regional specificity and providing insights for a more rational use of marine resources.
Impact of Dropping on Postharvest Physiology of Tomato Fruits Harvested at Green and Red Ripeness Stages
Authors: Sophea Chy , Habibi Nasratullah , Terada Naoki , Sanada Atsushi , Koshio Kaihei
Published: August 2024

Dropping during transportation is a critical issue for tomato fruits, as it triggers ethylene production and affects quality parameters, leading to lower quality and a reduced storage life. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the physiological alterations in tomato fruits subjected to dropping. This study involved tomatoes harvested at green and red stages, subjected to the following five dropping treatments: 0 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, and 100 cm. The results revealed that dropping from 100 cm induced the highest ethylene production, particularly in green fruits, where production began within one hour and peaked within 48 h. Red fruits exhibited a dose-dependent response to mechanical stress, with a notable decrease in ethylene production starting from the second week post-dropping, suggesting a regulatory mechanism. CO2 production peaked at 350.1 µL g−1 h−1 in green fruits and 338.2 µL g−1 h−1 in red fruits one day after dropping from 100 cm. Dropping also significantly influenced fruit color, firmness, electrolyte leakage, and vitamin C content. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed distinct changes in metabolite profiles, with methionine and ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate), key ethylene precursors, increasing in response to dropping, particularly in red fruits. These findings underscore the critical role of mechanical stress in modulating fruit physiology, with implications for post-harvest handling practices aimed at enhancing fruit quality and shelf life.
Advancing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Outcomes through Immunotherapy: A Comprehensive Review of Optimizing Non-CAR Donor T-Lymphocyte Infusion Strategies
Authors: Braidotti Stefania , Granzotto Marilena , Curci Debora , Faganel Kotnik Barbara , Maximova Natalia
Published: August 2024

Optimized use of prophylactic or therapeutic donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) is aimed at improving clinical outcomes in patients with malignant and non-malignant hematological diseases who have undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Memory T-lymphocytes (CD45RA−/CD45RO+) play a crucial role in immune reconstitution post-HSCT. The infusion of memory T cells is proven to be safe and effective in improving outcomes due to the enhanced reconstitution of immunity and increased protection against viremia, without exacerbating graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) risks. Studies indicate their persistence and efficacy in combating viral pathogens, suggesting a viable therapeutic avenue for patients. Conversely, using virus-specific T cells for viremia control presents challenges, such as regulatory hurdles, cost, and production time compared to CD45RA-memory T lymphocytes. Additionally, the modulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) for therapeutic use has become an important area of investigation in GVHD, playing a pivotal role in immune tolerance modulation, potentially mitigating GVHD and reducing pharmacological immunosuppression requirements. Finally, donor T cell-mediated graft-versus-leukemia immune responses hold promise in curbing relapse rates post-HSCT, providing a multifaceted approach to therapeutic intervention in high-risk disease scenarios. This comprehensive review underscores the multifaceted roles of T lymphocytes in HSCT outcomes and identifies avenues for further research and clinical application.
Oral Health and “Modern” Digestive Diseases: Pathophysiologic and Etiologic Factors
Authors: Rotaru Mihaela , Singeap Ana-Maria , Ciobica Alin , Huiban Laura , Stanciu Carol , Romila Laura , Burlui Vasile , Mavroudis Ioannis , Trifan Anca
Published: August 2024

In the contemporary era of medicine, exploring the complexity of the human body and its intricate interactions has become a central concern for health researchers. The main purpose of this article is to summarize the current understanding of relevant pathophysiological factors such as chronic inflammation, dysbiosis (microbial imbalance), and metabolic disorders, as well as etiological factors including dietary habits, lifestyle choices, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and genetic predispositions, as well as to emphasize potential avenues for upcoming studies and their medical significance. Additionally, this article aims to assess the potential impact of integrated treatment approaches on patient outcomes, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration between gastroenterologists, dentists, and other healthcare professionals to develop comprehensive care plans that address both oral and digestive health issues simultaneously. Among the branches with a significant impact on general well-being are oral cavity health and digestive diseases, which have been the subject of intensive research in recent decades. In this context, analysis of the current state of knowledge on oral cavity disorders in relation to “modern” digestive diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) becomes essential for a deeper understanding of the interconnections between oral and digestive health. The temporal overlap or succession, whether preceding or following, of oral manifestations and digestive disorders should be taken seriously by both gastroenterologists and dentists to facilitate early diagnosis and explain to patients the correlation between these two body systems. In summary, this article underscores the importance of understanding the intricate relationship between oral and digestive health, advocating for interdisciplinary approaches to improve patient outcomes and guide future research.
Low Levels of Adropin Predict Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Outpatients with Newly Diagnosed Prediabetes after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Berezina Tetiana A. , Berezin Oleksandr O. , Hoppe Uta C. , Lichtenauer Michael , Berezin Alexander E.
Published: August 2024

Adropin—a multifunctional peptide with tissue-protective capacity that regulates energy homeostasis, sensitivity to insulin and inflammatory response—seems to show an inverse association with the presence of cardiovascular and renal diseases, obesity and diabetes mellitus in the general population. The purpose of the study is to elucidate whether adropin may be a plausible predictive biomarker for clinical outcomes in post-ST elevation of myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with newly diagnosed prediabetes according to the American Diabetes Association criteria. A total of 1214 post-STEMI patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention were identified in a local database of the private hospital “Vita Center” (Zaporozhye, Ukraine). Between November 2020 and June 2024, we prospectively enrolled 498 patients with prediabetes in this open prospective cohort study and followed them for 3 years. The combined clinical endpoint at follow-up was defined as cardiovascular death due to acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, sudden death due to arrhythmia or cardiac surgery, and/or all-cause death. We identified 126 clinical events and found that serum levels of adropin < 2.15 ng/mL (area under the curve = 0.836; 95% confidence interval = 0.745–0.928; sensitivity = 84.9%; specificity = 72.7%; likelihood ratio = 3.11; p = 0.0001) predicted clinical outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression showed that a Gensini score ≥ 32 (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.07; p = 0.001), adropin ≤ 2.15 ng/mL (OR = 1.18; p = 0.001), use of SGLT2i (OR = 0.94; p = 0.010) and GLP-1 receptor agonist (OR = 0.95; p = 0.040) were independent predictors of clinical outcome. Kaplan–Meier plots showed that patients with lower adropin levels (≤2.15 ng/mL) had worse clinical outcomes compared to patients with higher adropin levels (>2.15 ng/mL). In conclusion, low levels of adropin (≤2.15 ng/mL) independently predicted clinical outcomes in post-STEMI patients with newly detected prediabetes and improved the discriminative ability of the Gensini score for 3-year follow-up events. Future clinical studies are needed to clarify whether adropin is a promising molecule to be incorporated into conventional risk scores for the prediction of MACCEs after STEMI.
New Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches in Diabetic Microvascular Complications
Authors: Serban Dragos , Dascalu Ana Maria
Published: August 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a major global health problem with an ascendant trend that makes it expected to reach up to 700 million cases by 2045 [...]
Endocrine Disorders in Nephrotic Syndrome—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mizdrak Maja , Smajic Bozo , Mizdrak Ivan , Ticinovic Kurir Tina , Kumric Marko , Paladin Ivan , Batistic Darko , Bozic Josko
Published: August 2024

Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical syndrome characterized by massive proteinuria, called nephrotic range proteinuria (over 3.5 g per day in adults or 40 mg/m2 per hour in children), hypoalbuminemia, oncotic edema, and hyperlipidemia, with an increasing incidence over several years. Nephrotic syndrome carries severe morbidity and mortality risk. The main pathophysiological event in nephrotic syndrome is increased glomerular permeability due to immunological, paraneoplastic, genetic, or infective triggers. Because of the marked increase in the glomerular permeability to macromolecules and the associated urinary loss of albumins and hormone-binding proteins, many metabolic and endocrine abnormalities are present. Some of them are well known, such as overt or subclinical hypothyroidism, growth hormone depletion, lack of testosterone, vitamin D, and calcium deficiency. The exact prevalence of these disorders is unknown because of the complexity of the human endocrine system and the differences in their prevalence. This review aims to comprehensively analyze all potential endocrine and hormonal complications of nephrotic syndrome and, vice versa, possible kidney complications of endocrine diseases that might remain unrecognized in everyday clinical practice.
Sex-Specific Associations between Thyroid Status, Inflammation and Hemostasis Biomarkers in Patients with Subacute Thyroiditis
Authors: Vekic Jelena , Klisic Aleksandra , Kotur-Stevuljevic Jelena , Milinkovic Neda , Gluscevic Sanja , Ciftel Serpil , Mercantepe Filiz
Published: August 2024

Background: Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is characterized by profound inflammation and fluctuations in thyroid hormones which may affect the hemostasis balance. This study investigates sex-specific associations between thyroid status, inflammation and hemostasis biomarkers in SAT. Methods: We included 52 patients (40 women and 12 men) treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) or methylprednisolone (MPS). Free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid stimulating hormone, C-reactive protein, complete blood count and routine hemostasis parameters were assessed. Results: Both men and women were in hyperthyroid state and had comparable levels of inflammatory biomarkers. A shortened activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) was observed in 16.7% of the men and 10% of the women (p = 0.562), and a shortened prothrombin time (PT) was observed in 33% of the men and 12.5% of the women (p = 0.094). In men, aPTT positively correlated with fT4 (r = 0.627; p < 0.05), while PT positively correlated with leukocyte-based inflammatory indices in women (p < 0.05). NSAID-treated patients had lower aPTTs and platelet counts than those treated with MPS (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis extracted “proinflammatory”, “prothrombotic” and “antithrombotic” factors, but the “proinflammatory” factor was the independent predictor of elevated fT4 in women (OR = 2.705; p = 0.036). Conclusions: Our data demonstrated sex-specific associations of thyroid status and inflammatory biomarkers with hemostasis parameters in SAT. Routine hemostasis screening tests may help in monitoring the changes in the hemostasis system over the course of SAT.
Sphingolipid Metabolism Is Associated with Cardiac Dyssynchrony in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Huang Ching-Hui , Kuo Chen-Ling , Cheng Yu-Shan , Huang Ching-San , Liu Chin-San , Chang Chia-Chu
Published: August 2024

Aim: Sphingolipids are a class of complex and bioactive lipids that are involved in the pathological processes of cardiovascular disease. Fabry disease is an X-linked storage disorder that results in the pathological accumulation of glycosphingolipids in body fluids and the heart. Cardiac dyssynchrony is observed in patients with Fabry disease and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. However, little information is available on the relationship between plasma sphingolipid metabolites and LV remodelling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The purpose of this study was to assess whether the baseline plasma sphingomyelin/acid ceramidase (aCD) ratio predicts LV dyssynchrony at 6M after AMI. Methods: A total of 62 patients with AMI undergoing primary angioplasty were recruited. Plasma aCD and sphingomyelin were measured prior to primary angioplasty. Three-dimensional echocardiographic measurements of the systolic dyssynchrony index (SDI) were performed at baseline and 6 months of follow-up. The patients were divided into three groups according to the level of aCD and sphingomyelin above or below the median. Group 1 denotes lower aCD and lower sphingomyelin; Group 3 denotes higher aCD and higher sphingomyelin. Group 2 represents different categories of patients with aCD and sphingomyelin. Trend analysis showed a significant increase in the SDI from Group 1 to Group 3. Logistic regression analysis showed that the sphingomyelin/aCD ratio was a significant predictor of a worsening SDI at 6 months. Conclusions: AMI patients with high baseline plasma sphingomyelin/aCD ratios had a significantly increased SDI at six months. The sphingomyelin/aCD ratio can be considered as a surrogate marker of plasma ceramide load or inefficient ceramide metabolism. Plasma sphingolipid pathway metabolism may be a new biomarker for therapeutic intervention to prevent adverse remodelling after MI.
Use of Non-Thermal Plasma as Postoperative Therapy in Anal Fistula: Clinical Experience and Results
Authors: López-Callejas Régulo , Velasco-García Pasquinely Salvador , Betancourt-Ángeles Mario , Rodríguez-Méndez Benjamín Gonzalo , Berrones-Stringel Guillermo , Jaramillo-Martínez César , Farías-López Fernando Eliseo , Mercado-Cabrera Antonio , Valencia-Alvarado Raúl
Published: August 2024

Anal fistula, characterized by abnormal tracts between the perianal skin and the anal canal, presents challenges in treatment because of its diversity and complexity. This study investigates the use of non-thermal plasma as a postsurgical therapy for anal fistula, aiming to promote healing and tissue regeneration. A specialized plasma reactor was designed to apply non-thermal plasma within the anorectal cavity practically. Non-thermal plasma treatment was administered to 20 patients including 10 undergoing fistulectomies and 10 undergoing fistulotomies. The average duration of non-thermal plasma application in the operating room was shorter for fistulotomies. The pain reported the day after surgery was similar in both groups. Improvements in the number of evacuations starting from the day after surgery, as well as the assessment of stool quality using the Bristol scale, indicated satisfactory intestinal recovery. Fistulotomy patients exhibited faster wound healing times. These findings underscore the efficacy of non-thermal plasma as a postoperative therapy for anal fistula, enhancing healing and recovery outcomes without increasing complication risks.
Hyperglycemia in a NOD Mice Model of Type-I Diabetes Aggravates Collagenase-Induced Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Injury
Authors: Alhadidi Qasim M. , Nash Kevin M. , Bahader Ghaith A. , Zender Emily , McInerney Marcia F. , Shah Zahoor A.
Published: August 2024

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe type of stroke with high mortality. Persistent hyperglycemia following ICH is linked to deteriorated neurological functions and death. However, the exacerbating effect of hyperglycemia on ICH injury at the molecular level is still unclear. Therefore, this study explores the impact of diabetes on ICH injury using a non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of type I diabetes mellitus. Methods: NOD and non-diabetic (non-obese resistant) mice subjected to ICH by intrastriatal injection of collagenase were sacrificed three days following the ICH. Brains were collected for hematoma volume measurement and immunohistochemistry. Neurobehavioral assays were conducted 24 h before ICH and then repeated at 24, 48 and 72 h following ICH. Results: NOD mice showed increased hematoma volume and impairment in neurological function, as revealed by rotarod and grip strength analyses. Immunohistochemical staining showed reduced glial cell activation, as indicated by decreased GFAP and Iba1 staining. Furthermore, the expression of oxidative/nitrosative stress markers represented by 3-nitrotyrosine and inducible nitric oxide synthase was reduced in the diabetic group. Conclusions: Overall, our findings support the notion that hyperglycemia exacerbates ICH injury and worsens neurological function and that the mechanism of injury varies depending on the type of diabetes model used.
Variability of Mitochondrial DNA Heteroplasmy: Association with Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: Sazonova Margarita A. , Kirichenko Tatiana V. , Ryzhkova Anastasia I. , Sazonova Marina D. , Doroschuk Natalya A. , Omelchenko Andrey V. , Nikiforov Nikita G. , Ragino Yulia I. , Postnov Anton Yu.
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: Atherosclerosis is one of the main reasons for cardiovascular disease development. This study aimed to analyze the association of mtDNA mutations and atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries of patients with atherosclerosis and conditionally healthy study participants from the Novosibirsk region. Methods: PCR fragments of DNA containing the regions of 10 investigated mtDNA mutations were pyrosequenced. The heteroplasmy levels of mtDNA mutations were analyzed using a quantitative method based on pyrosequencing technology developed by M. A. Sazonova and colleagues. Results: In the analysis of samples of patients with atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid arteries and conditionally healthy study participants from the Novosibirsk region, four proatherogenic mutations in the mitochondrial genome (m.5178C>A, m.652delG, m.12315G>A and m.3256C>T) and three antiatherogenic mutations in mtDNA (m.13513G>A, m.652insG, and m.14846G>A) were detected. A west–east gradient was found in the distribution of the mtDNA mutations m.5178C>A, m.3256C>T, m.652insG, and m.13513G>A. Conclusions: Therefore, four proatherogenic mutations in the mitochondrial genome (m.5178C>A, m.652delG, m.12315G>A, and m.3256C>T) and three antiatherogenic mutations in mtDNA (m.13513G>A, m.652insG, and m.14846G>A) were detected in patients with atherosclerotic plaques in their carotid arteries from the Novosibirsk region.
Influence of Metamizole on Antitumour Activity of Risedronate Sodium in In Vitro Studies on Canine (D-17) and Human (U-2 OS) Osteosarcoma Cell Lines
Authors: Poradowski Dominik , Chrószcz Aleksander , Spychaj Radosław , Wolińska Joanna , Onar Vedat
Published: August 2024

The availability of metamizole varies greatly around the world. There are countries such as the USA, UK, or Australia where the use of metamizole is completely forbidden, and there are also countries where this drug is available only on prescription (e.g., Greece, Italy, Spain, etc.) and those in which it is sold OTC—over the counter (e.g., most Asian and South American countries). Metamizole, as a drug with a strong analgesic effect, is used as an alternative to other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alone or in combination with opioid drugs. Risedronate sodium is a third-generation bisphosphonate commonly used in orthopaedic and metabolic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, including hypercalcemia, postmenopausal osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, etc. The aim of this study was to check whether there were any pharmacological interactions between metamizole and risedronate sodium in in vitro studies. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT method, the number of apoptotic cells was assessed using the labelling TUNEL method, and the cell cycle assessment was performed with a flow cytometer and propidium iodide. This was a pilot study, which is why only two cancer cell lines were tested: D-17 of canine osteosarcoma and U-2 OS of human osteosarcoma. Exposure of the canine osteosarcoma cell line to a combination of risedronate sodium (100 µg/mL) and metamizole (50, 5, and 0.5 µg/mL) resulted in the complete abolition of the cytoprotective activity of metamizole. In the human osteosarcoma cell line, the cytotoxic effect of risedronate sodium was entirely eliminated in the presence of 50 µg/mL of metamizole. The cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic effect of metamizole in combination with risedronate sodium in the tested human and canine osteosarcoma cell lines indicates an urgent need for further in vivo studies to confirm or disprove the potential dose-dependent undesirable effect of such a therapy.
Single-Nanoparticle Electrochemical Collision for Monitoring Self-Assembly of Thiol Molecules on Au Nanoparticles
Authors: Bai Yiyan
Published: August 2024

A precise understanding of the self-assembly kinetics of small molecules on nanoparticles (NPs) can give greater control over the size and architecture of the functionalized NPs. Herein, a single-nanoparticle electrochemical collision (SNEC)-based method was developed to monitor the self-assembly processes of 6-mercapto-1-hexanol (6-MCH) and 1-hexanethiol (MCH) on Au NPs at the single-particle level, and to investigate the self-assembly kinetics exactly. Results showed that the self-assembly processes of both consisted of rapid adsorption and slow recombination. However, the adsorption rate of MCH was significantly lower than that of 6-MCH due to the poorer polarity. Also noteworthy is that the rapid adsorption of 6-MCH on Au NPs conformed to the Langmuir model of diffusion control. Hence, the proposed SNEC-based method could serve as a complementary method to research the self-assembly mechanism of functionalized NPs.
Deep Neural Network Integrated into Network-Based Stratification (D3NS): A Method to Uncover Cancer Subtypes from Somatic Mutations
Authors: Valerio Matteo , Inno Alessandro , Zambelli Alberto , Cortesi Laura , Lorusso Domenica , Viassolo Valeria , Verzè Matteo , Nicolis Fabrizio , Gori Stefania
Published: August 2024

(1) Background: The identification of tumor subtypes is fundamental in precision medicine for accurate diagnoses and personalized therapies. Cancer development is often driven by the accumulation of somatic mutations that can cause alterations in tissue functions and morphologies. In this work, a method based on a deep neural network integrated into a network-based stratification framework (D3NS) is proposed to stratify tumors according to somatic mutations. (2) Methods: This approach leverages the power of deep neural networks to detect hidden information in the data by combining the knowledge contained in a network of gene interactions, as typical of network-based stratification methods. D3NS was applied using real-world data from The Cancer Genome Atlas for bladder, ovarian, and kidney cancers. (3) Results: This technique allows for the identification of tumor subtypes characterized by different survival rates and significant associations with several clinical outcomes (tumor stage, grade or response to therapy). (4) Conclusion: D3NS can provide a base model in cancer research and could be considered as a useful tool for tumor stratification, offering potential support in clinical settings.
Zinc and Diabetes: A Connection between Micronutrient and Metabolism
Authors: Ahmad Rahnuma , Shaju Ronald , Atfi Azeddine , Razzaque Mohammed S.
Published: August 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem and a major contributor to mortality and morbidity. The management of this condition typically involves using oral antidiabetic medication, insulin, and appropriate dietary modifications, with a focus on macronutrient intake. However, several human studies have indicated that a deficiency in micronutrients, such as zinc, can be associated with insulin resistance as well as greater glucose intolerance. Zinc serves as a chemical messenger, acts as a cofactor to increase enzyme activity, and is involved in insulin formation, release, and storage. These diverse functions make zinc an important trace element for the regulation of blood glucose levels. Adequate zinc levels have also been shown to reduce the risk of developing diabetic complications. This review article explains the role of zinc in glucose metabolism and the effects of its inadequacy on the development, progression, and complications of diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, it describes the impact of zinc supplementation on preventing diabetes mellitus. The available information suggests that zinc has beneficial effects on the management of diabetic patients. Although additional large-scale randomized clinical trials are needed to establish zinc’s clinical utility further, efforts should be made to increase awareness of its potential benefits on human health and disease.
Clinical Outcome of Prefabricated Zirconia Crowns Cemented with Self-Adhesive Resin and Pure Glass Ionomer on Primary Teeth: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Alrashdi Murad , Alhunti Atyaf
Published: August 2024

Retentive strength data are critical to predicting the long-term clinical performance of zirconia crowns for primary teeth. Objectives: This research assessed the clinical outcome of prefabricated zirconia crowns (PZCs) cemented with either self-adhesive resin cement or pure glass ionomer cement in the primary teeth of children. Method: In the present research, a sample of 162 prefabricated zirconia crowns were collected through convenience sampling. A follow-up examination was conducted at 12 and 24 months to assess the clinical outcomes of PZCs post cementation. Results: Zirconia crowns cemented with self-adhesive resin showed high clinical outcomes at both 12 and 24 months, with 95.1% of crowns retained. In contrast, crowns cemented with glass ionomer cement had slightly lower clinical outcomes, with 91.4% retained at 12 months and 84.0% retained at 24 months, indicating a significant difference (p-value). Long-term follow-up is crucial for the optimal maintenance of crown stability. Conclusions: Self-adhesive resin cement is a viable option for cementing PZCs in pediatric dentistry, demonstrating satisfactory clinical performance over both 12 and 24 months. Future studies comparing different types of cement are recommended for further validation of these results.
Microstructure and Wear Performance of TaC and Ta/TaC Coatings on 30CrNi2MoVA Steel
Authors: Yang Kai , Lv Xuming , Dang Bo , Lai Zhuoyan , Chen Xiaohu , Wei Dongbo , Li Shuqin , Zhang Pingze
Published: August 2024

To enhance the wear resistance of artillery barrels in harsh environments, TaC and Ta/TaC coatings were prepared on 30CrNi2MoVA steel using double-glow plasma surface metallurgy technology. These coatings, of which their surfaces consisted of almost pure TaC phases, showed defect-free interfaces with the substrate. The Ta/TaC coating demonstrated excellent integration, forming a nearly homogeneous structure. The coatings exhibited a gradient cross-sectional hardness, affecting a depth of approximately 20 μm. The Ta transition layer significantly enhanced the microhardness and adhesive strength of the TaC coating, with about 16.7% and 68.5% increases in the Ta/TaC coating, respectively. Both coatings markedly improved the wear resistance, showing slight wear at room temperature and minor oxidative wear at high temperatures. The Ta/TaC coating had more stable friction coefficient curves and a lower specific wear rate, with an 11.4% wear rate of the substrate at 500 °C. Thermal mismatch and stress concentration under wear loads caused extensive cracks and edge chipping in the TaC coating. In contrast, the good compatibility between the Ta transition layer and the TaC layer allowed for cooperative deformation with the substrate, creating a plastic deformation zone that reduced internal stresses and stress concentration, maintaining the intact structure. This study provides insights into applying Ta/TaC coatings for artillery barrel protection and broadens the possible application scenarios of the preparation technology.
Advanced Nanostructured Coatings Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering: Innovations, Applications, and Future Prospects
Authors: Sério Susana
Published: August 2024

The development of advanced nanostructured thin films produced by magnetron sputtering has resulted in significant progress in materials science and engineering [...]