bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping health services for adults with cerebral palsy in Ireland: a pilot study
Authors: Manikandan Manjula , Jagdeo Shalini , Weldon Fiona , Harrington Sarah , O'Sullivan Rory , Fortune Jennifer , Kerr Claire , M Ryan Jennifer
Published: December 2022

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common cause of physical disability in childhood. The majority of children with CP survive to adulthood. Once discharged from children’s services, adults with CP find it challenging to navigate health services. The aim of this study was to pilot and refine a methodology to map services for adults with CP in Ireland.

Methods: We used a multi-informant mapping methodology consisting of: 1. Defining health services; 2. Identifying informants; 3. Designing a survey; 4. Collecting data; 5. Data checking and analysis. We collected data on services from service users and service providers using an online survey. We verified data against information available online and by asking organisations to provide details about the service.

Results: Fifteen service users and nine service providers completed the online survey. Data on 265 unique services at 32 organisations were provided. The most commonly provided services were physiotherapy (12%) and occupational therapy (11%). We confirmed the name of 89 services (34%) against online information. We received further details from eight organisations about 27 services. Specifically, we received details about the organisation name for 27 of the 265 services (10%), service name for 25 services (9%), service type for 25 services (9%), a website for 19 services (7%), and data on eligibility criteria and types of supports provided for between 25 or 26 services (9% or 10%).

Conclusion: This pilot study highlighted the complexity of mapping services for adults with CP in Ireland. We recommend that an alternative methodology should be used to map services for adults with CP in Ireland.
Bio-oil production from biogenic wastes, the hydrothermal conversion step
Authors: Haarlemmer Geert , Roubaud Anne
Published: December 2022

Background: Food wastes are an abundant resource that can be effectively valorised by hydrothermal liquefaction to produce bio-fuels. The objective of the European project WASTE2ROAD is to demonstrate the complete value chain from waste collection to engine tests. The principle of hydrothermal liquefaction is well known but there are still many factors that make the science very empirical. Most experiments in the literature are performed on batch reactors. Comparison of results from batch reactors with experiments with continuous reactors are rare in the literature.

Methods: Various food wastes were transformed by hydrothermal liquefaction. The resources used and the products from the experiments have been extensively analysed. Two different experimental reactors have been used, a batch reactor and a continuous reactor. This paper presents a dataset of fully documented experiments performed in this project, on food wastes with different compositions, conditions and solvents. The data set is extended with data from the literature. The data was analysed using machine learning analysis and regression techniques.

Results: This paper presents experimental results on various food wastes as well as modelling and analysis with machine learning algorithms. The experimental results were used to attempt to establish a link between batch and continuous experiments. The molecular weight of bio-oil from continuous experiments appear higher than that of batch experiments. This may be due to the configuration of our reactor.

Conclusions: This paper shows how the use of regression models help with understanding the results, and the importance of process variables and resource composition.  A novel data analysis technique gives an insight on the accuracy that can be obtained from these models.
Realizing a human-centered digitalization of the energy sector
Authors: Arghandeh Paudler Heather Jean , Schwanitz Valeria Jana , Wierling August
Published: December 2022

The digitalization of the energy sector is in progress, but Europe is about to fall behind. A human-centered design approach ensures that it takes place with, and for the benefit of, people, for which this letter puts forward policy recommendations. People need access to tailored and ready-for-use tools that help the realization of societal co-benefits, bring individual gains, remove human burdens, and ensure just participation of all societal groups. Substantial additional intellectual and financial resources are required for the development of digital tools and products to seize opportunities for citizens to engage, in the energy transition, optimize energy consumption, and manage active participation.
Aspek Yuridis Rencana Pembangunan Ibu Kota Baru Negara Indonesia di Kalimantan Timur dalam Perspektif Pembangunan Berkelanjutan
Authors: Heri Moh , Abdi Nurul Satria
Published: December 2022

Rencana pembangunan ibu kota baru lazim di lakukan disebuah negara, tidak terkecuali di Negara Republik Indonesia. Akan tetapi yang menjadi problematika sekarang adalah, apakah rencana pembangunan ini sudah memenuhi prinsip-prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan atau malah sebaliknya, yaitu merusak lingkungan hidup. Secara umum penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aspek yuridis rencana pembanguan ibu kota baru negara Indonesia dan prinsip-prinsip yang harus di penuhi dalam rencana pembangunan ibu kota baru negara Indonesia. Penelitian ini ,mengunakan hukum yuridis normatif atau penelitian dogmatik, karena menganalisis suatu kaidah hukum atau norma hukum dalam koridor hukum positif  atau peraturan perundang-undangan. Dari hasil penelitian ini rencana pembangunan ibu kota baru hanya fokus pada Pasal 7 ayat (1) sedangkan Pasal 6 ayat (2) dan Pasal 7 ayat (2) belum sepenuhnya terakomudi. Adapun prinsip-prinsp pembangunan berkelanjutan yang diakomodir meliputi, konsep smart city, green city, beautiful city, dan sutainable city. Sehingga ini belum mencerminkan keadilan antar generasi, keadilan dalam satu generasi, pencegahan dini, perlindungan hayati, internalisasi biaya lingkungan yang idealnya terakomudir dalam prinsip-prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan.
Espaço Sagrado, Memória e Poder Ritual nas Catacumbas Cristãs na Cidade de Roma (séc. IV)
Authors: Campos Ludimila Caliman
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar algumas inscrições epigráficas localizadas em catacumbas romanas e criadas pelo bispo Dâmaso, de modo a compreender o poder e a dinâmica ritualistica praticados no ambiente catecumenal e a forma com que o espaço se convertou num aparato pedagógico e sagrado de memória visual.
NEM ESCREVO O QUE OUÇO, NEM FALO COMO ESCREVO: ESTUDO LONGITUDINAL SOBRE QUESTÕES DE CORRESPONDÊNCIA GRAFIA-FONIA E COMPETÊNCIA ORTOGRÁFICA DOS APRENDENTES CHINESES DE PLE / Neither write what i hear, nor speak as i write: longitudinal study on questions of graphic-phonia correspondence and orthographic competence of chinese learners of PFL
Authors: Nunes Ana Margarida Belém , Su Xiaoyu
Published: December 2022

Percebe-se que o sucesso da escrita pressupõe o domínio integral da competência ortográfica, na qual uma variedade das normas institucionalizadas, que decorre de um contexto de aprendizagem formal, deve ser suficientemente mobilizada. Neste caso, muitos professores de língua estrangeira, especialmente os professores chineses que normalmente recorrem ao método tradicional de gramática-tradução, privilegiam o desenvolvimento ortográfico como primeira tarefa. O português e o chinês são línguas tipologicamente diferentes, configurando-se, por isso, mais difícil, para os estudantes chineses, a aprendizagem da forma escrita correta de certas palavras, uma vez que não há uma correspondência exata/direta entre grafema e fonema no português europeu (BROWN, 2001; SEBASTIÃO, 2009; FERREIRA E OSÓRIO, 2011). A ambiguidade grafia-fonia e os problemas daí decorrentes em termos de correção ortográfica são o principal ponto de análise no trabalho aqui apresentado. Apresenta-se um estudo e análise longitudinal dos erros ortográficos de 17 aprendentes chineses de português língua estrangeira (PLE). Numa fase inicial deste estudo os informantes, todos estudantes da licenciatura em Estudos Portugueses da Universidade de Macau, encontravam-se no primeiro ano dos seus estudos e, na fase final de recolha, no segundo ano. Foram levados a cabo quatro momentos de avaliação, sendo que do primeiro ao último decorreram, aproximadamente, nove meses. Os resultados colocam em evidência que os erros fonéticos são mais recorrentes do que os grafemáticos e que, durante todo o período inicial de aprendizagem, a questão da ambiguidade grafemática e fonética influencia constantemente o desenvolvimento da competência escrita dos alunos chineses.
FORMAÇÃO CONTÍNUA DE PROFESSORES ENSINAR PORTUGUÊS COMO LÍNGUA PLURICÊNTRICA / Teaching Portuguese pluricentric language Continuous teachers training
Authors: Duarte Isabel Margarida
Published: December 2022

Os professores, no exercício da sua profissão, recorrem com frequência a ações de formação contínua, através das quais pretendem atualizar-se do ponto de vista científico e pedagógico. Tais sessões de formação devem ter caráter oficinal, para que os formandos possam, em trabalhos práticos de grupo, produzir os seus próprios materiais pedagógicos e lucram em ser planificadas contando com a experiência profissional desses formandos como ponto de partida para o desenho do programa de formação contínua. Com base nas noções de variação linguística, por um lado e de português como língua pluricêntrica, por outro, reflete-se sobre experiências de dinamização de quatro ações de formação contínua recentes para professores de português com diferentes estatutos. Nomeadamente, parte-se de sessões de formação de Português Língua de Herança e de Português Língua Segunda, para equacionar vários tipos de intervenção e de sugestões pedagógicas. Os cursos de formação contínua sobre que se reflete organizam-se em torno de materiais autênticos provenientes dos diferentes países e outros territórios onde o português é falado. A partir de leituras prévias, do impulso da formadora e das suas próprias inquietações, em trabalho colaborativo com grupos de pares, os formandos selecionam materiais adequados ao seu contexto e produzem planificações, tarefas variadas, estratégias e pequenos projetos que contemplam o português como língua pluricêntrica. Esses produtos caracterizam-se por uma clara adequação ao contexto de trabalho, são geralmente muito motivadores e muito criativos e as ações de formação geram, quer em quem as dinamiza quer em quem as frequenta, um alto grau de satisfação profissional.
Pruritus in dogs and cats part 2: allergic causes of pruritus and the allergic patient
Authors: Curtis Cathy F
Published: December 2022

There are many causes of pruritus in domesticated dogs and cats and in this article, the second part of three papers devoted to the subject, the major allergic (hypersensitive) causes are discussed. Despite the tempting tendency to consider ectoparasites a major cause of pruritus in pets, the advent of a number of reliable, safe, effective and long-lasting ectoparasiticides into the veterinary market in recent decades, has meant that the average dog and cat, treated regularly and prophylactically for fleas, ticks and mites, is far less likely to become infested by such parasites. Consequently, allergic causes of itching have become relatively more likely to be seen in general practice. It is therefore important for both veterinary surgeons and nurses to recognise the historical and clinical features of these skin diseases, to allow an appropriate diagnostic and treatment plan to be discussed by the veterinary team and with the client.
Enhanced optoelectronic reservoir computation using semiconductor laser with double delay feedbacks
Authors: Liang Wenyan , Jiang Li , Song Weijie , Jia Xinhong , Deng Qingxue , Liu Liming , Zhang Xuan , Wang Qingyi
Published: December 2022

We numerically explored the enhanced performance and physical mechanism of semiconductor laser (SL) based reservoir computation (RC) with double optoelectronic feedback (DOEF). One-step and multistep Santa Fe time series predictions were used as standard test benchmarks in this work. We found that in the optimized parameter region the normalized mean square error (NMSE) of an SL-based RC under DOEF is smaller than an SL-based RC with single optoelectronic feedback (SOEF). In addition, the performance improvement is more obvious for multistep prediction, which is particularly suitable for more complex tasks that requires a higher memory capability (MC). The enriched node states (optical intensity of the virtual nodes for each sample) and the enhanced MC of the proposed DOEF were verified by a comparison to SOEF under the optimized feedback strength. The influence of the feedback strength and the delay difference on the NMSE and the MC was also investigated. Our study should be helpful in the design of a high-performance optoelectronic RC based on an SL.
Time-expanded φOTDR using low-frequency electronics
Authors: Soriano-Amat Miguel , Martins Hugo F. , Martin-Lopez Sonia , Gonzalez-Herraez Miguel , Fernández-Ruiz María R. , Durán Vicente
Published: December 2022

Time expanded phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (TE-φOTDR) is a recently reported technique for distributed optical fiber sensing based on the interference of two mutually coherent optical frequency combs. This approach enables distributed acoustic sensing with centimeter resolution while keeping the detection bandwidth in the megahertz range. In this paper, we demonstrate that TE-φOTDR can be realized with low-frequency electronics for both signal generation and detection. This achievement is possible thanks to the use of a couple of electro-optic comb generators driven by commercially available step recovery diodes. These components are fed by radio frequencies that are orders of magnitude lower than those involved in the signals so far originated by ultrafast waveform generation. The result is a simple, compact, low-cost and potentially field-deployable sensor that works without resorting to any decoding algorithm. Besides, high-resolution distributed sensing is carried out with no need of coding strategies or enhanced backscatter fibers. To check the capabilities of our system, we perform distributed strain sensing over a range of 20 m. The spatial resolution is 3 cm and the acoustic sampling rate can be increased up to 200 Hz. This performance reveals the prospective of the proposed approach for field applications, including structural health monitoring.
Galvanometer driven optical system for laser dynamic focusing
Authors: Yu Liang , Yang Kuai , Zhang Zhen
Published: December 2022

This paper proposes a novel dynamic focusing module driven by galvanometers to position the laser focus with high speed and high precision. Thanks to the extremely high repeatability and the fast response time of galvanometers, the repeatability of the laser focus positioning is far less than the Rayleigh length of the beam and its response time is around 600 µs. An important feature of the proposed module lies in that it can be further integrated to an XY galvo scanner to realize a 3-axis laser scanning system. Due to the same galvanometers of the dynamic focus module and the XY scanner, the laser focus could be positioned in a simultaneous, rapid and precise manner in all three axes. Various simulation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and performance of the proposed dynamic focus module and the processing capability of the 3-axis scanning system with the proposed module.
Numerical analysis of hybrid mode-locking stability in a Ho-doped fiber laser
Authors: Jin Lei , Zhang Qianyun , Zhang Bin , Gao Zhengxin , Yang Song , Li Li
Published: December 2022

We numerically study a hybrid mode-locked holmium-doped fiber laser based on the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, by introducing nonlinear polarization rotation and saturable absorber in a same cavity. Maps of mode-locking states related to the intracavity wave-plates are created to evaluate the stability of mode-locking. Nonlinear polarization rotation imposes negative effect of linear absorption and even reverse saturable absorption to the pulses in the hybrid cavity. Saturable absorber compensates the negative effect from nonlinear polarization rotation, then consequently contributes to the stability of single-pulse mode-locking states. The extension of pulse time duration indicates the dynamic synergy between nonlinear polarization rotation and saturable absorber rather than the static combination mechanism of them.
Bendable transmission line and amplifier of spoof surface plasmon polaritons at microwave frequencies
Authors: Wei Jiaxuan , Li Weihan , Niu Ling Yun , Gao Shizhao , Cui Tie Jun , Tang Wenxuan
Published: December 2022

A bendable transmission line (TL) of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) is presented, which can maintain good transmission performance despite of the deformation caused by bending. Such a TL consists of flexible dielectric substrate and ultrathin metallic strip with zigzag decorations that are designed to support the propagation of SSPPs with strong field confinement and low radiation loss. Furthermore, the proposed SSPP TL is used to excite an amplifier chip efficiently, reaching high and stable gains with nearly no degradation of amplification in the bending states. Numerical and experimental results are demonstrated to verify the bendable merits of both passive TL and active amplifier from 12 GHz to 18 GHz. The flexible and stable characteristics of this design may find utility in novel applications like wearable electronics and conformal plasmonic circuits in the microwave frequencies.
On z-coherence of Schell-model sources carrying a prescribed astigmatic phase
Authors: Chang Hao , Cai Xiaoyang , Wang Fei , Zhang Yongtao , Gbur Greg , Cai Yangjian , Yu Jiayi
Published: December 2022

A simple expression for the correlations of beams radiated by Schell-model sources carrying a prescribed astigmatic phase (cross phase) in 3D space is derived. The z-coherence of such sources upon free-space propagation is investigated in detail. It is demonstrated that the z-coherence does not decrease to zero with an increasing separation of two axial points. Our results show that the initial cross phase, coherence, and correlation state of such sources affect the distribution of the z-coherence. Furthermore, the cross phase plays a role in maintaining z-coherence, which will be useful in applications where high z-coherence is required.
Recalibrating probabilistic forecasts of epidemics
Authors: Rumack Aaron , Tibshirani Ryan J. , Rosenfeld Roni
Published: December 2022

Distributional forecasts are important for a wide variety of applications, including forecasting epidemics. Often, forecasts are miscalibrated, or unreliable in assigning uncertainty to future events. We present a recalibration method that can be applied to a black-box forecaster given retrospective forecasts and observations, as well as an extension to make this method more effective in recalibrating epidemic forecasts. This method is guaranteed to improve calibration and log score performance when trained and measured in-sample. We also prove that the increase in expected log score of a recalibrated forecaster is equal to the entropy of the PIT distribution. We apply this recalibration method to the 27 influenza forecasters in the FluSight Network and show that recalibration reliably improves forecast accuracy and calibration. This method, available on Github, is effective, robust, and easy to use as a post-processing tool to improve epidemic forecasts.
Governing partnerships with technology companies as part of the COVID-19 response in Canada: A qualitative case study
Authors: Harish Vinyas , Samson Thomas G. , Diemert Lori , Tuite Ashleigh , Mamdani Muhammad , Khan Kamran , McGahan Anita , Shaw James A. , Das Sunit , Rosella Laura C.
Published: December 2022

Cross-sector partnerships are vital for maintaining resilient health systems; however, few studies have sought to empirically assess the barriers and enablers of effective and responsible partnerships during public health emergencies. Through a qualitative, multiple case study, we analyzed 210 documents and conducted 26 interviews with stakeholders in three real-world partnerships between Canadian health organizations and private technology startups during the COVID-19 pandemic. The three partnerships involved: 1) deploying a virtual care platform to care for COVID-19 patients at one hospital, 2) deploying a secure messaging platform for physicians at another hospital, and 3) using data science to support a public health organization. Our results demonstrate that a public health emergency created time and resource pressures throughout a partnership. Given these constraints, early and sustained alignment on the core problem was critical for success. Moreover, governance processes designed for normal operations, such as procurement, were triaged and streamlined. Social learning, or the process of learning from observing others, offset some time and resource pressures. Social learning took many forms ranging from informal conversations between individuals at peer organisations (e.g., hospital chief information officers) to standing meetings at the local university’s city-wide COVID-19 response table. We also found that startups’ flexibility and understanding of the local context enabled them to play a highly valuable role in emergency response. However, pandemic fueled “hypergrowth” created risks for startups, such as introducing opportunities for deviation away from their core value proposition. Finally, we found each partnership navigated intense workloads, burnout, and personnel turnover through the pandemic. Strong partnerships required healthy, motivated teams. Visibility into and engagement in partnership governance, belief in partnership impact, and strong emotional intelligence in managers promoted team well-being. Taken together, these findings can help to bridge the theory-to-practice gap and guide effective cross-sector partnerships during public health emergencies.
The impact of social and environmental extremes on cholera time varying reproduction number in Nigeria
Authors: Charnley Gina E. C. , Yennan Sebastian , Ochu Chinwe , Kelman Ilan , Gaythorpe Katy A. M. , Murray Kris A.
Published: December 2022

Nigeria currently reports the second highest number of cholera cases in Africa, with numerous socioeconomic and environmental risk factors. Less investigated are the role of extreme events, despite recent work showing their potential importance. To address this gap, we used a machine learning approach to understand the risks and thresholds for cholera outbreaks and extreme events, taking into consideration pre-existing vulnerabilities. We estimated time varying reproductive number (R) from cholera incidence in Nigeria and used a machine learning approach to evaluate its association with extreme events (conflict, flood, drought) and pre-existing vulnerabilities (poverty, sanitation, healthcare). We then created a traffic-light system for cholera outbreak risk, using three hypothetical traffic-light scenarios (Red, Amber and Green) and used this to predict R. The system highlighted potential extreme events and socioeconomic thresholds for outbreaks to occur. We found that reducing poverty and increasing access to sanitation lessened vulnerability to increased cholera risk caused by extreme events (monthly conflicts and the Palmers Drought Severity Index). The main limitation is the underreporting of cholera globally and the potential number of cholera cases missed in the data used here. Increasing access to sanitation and decreasing poverty reduced the impact of extreme events in terms of cholera outbreak risk. The results here therefore add further evidence of the need for sustainable development for disaster prevention and mitigation and to improve health and quality of life.
A Bayesian susceptible-infectious-hospitalized-ventilated-recovered model to predict demand for COVID-19 inpatient care in a large healthcare system
Authors: Self Stella Coker Watson , Huang Rongjie , Amin Shrujan , Ewing Joseph , Rudisill Caroline , McLain Alexander C.
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has strained healthcare systems in many parts of the United States. During the early months of the pandemic, there was substantial uncertainty about whether the large number of COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization would exceed healthcare system capacity. This uncertainty created an urgent need to accurately predict the number of COVID-19 patients that would require inpatient and ventilator care at the local level. As the pandemic progressed, many healthcare systems relied on such predictions to prepare for COVID-19 surges and to make decisions regarding staffing, the discontinuation of elective procedures, and the amount of personal protective equipment (PPE) to purchase. In this work, we develop a Bayesian Susceptible-Infectious-Hospitalized-Ventilated-Recovered (SIHVR) model to predict the burden of COVID-19 at the healthcare system level. The Bayesian SIHVR model provides daily estimates of the number of new COVID-19 patients admitted to inpatient care, the total number of non-ventilated COVID-19 inpatients, and the total number of ventilated COVID-19 patients at the healthcare system level. The model also incorporates county-level data on the number of reported COVID-19 cases, and county-level social distancing metrics, making it locally customizable. The uncertainty in model predictions is quantified with 95% credible intervals. The Bayesian SIHVR model is validated with an extensive simulation study, and then applied to data from two regional healthcare systems in South Carolina. This model can be adapted for other healthcare systems to estimate local resource needs.
Diversification of Amazonian spiny tree rats in genus Makalata (Rodentia, Echimyidae): Cryptic diversity, geographic structure and drivers of speciation
Authors: Miranda Cleuton Lima , Farias Izeni Pires , Da Silva Maria Nazareth F. , Antonelli Alexandre , Machado Arielli Fabrício , Leite Rafael N. , Nunes Mario Da Silva , De Oliveira Tadeu Gomes , Pieczarka Julio Cesar
Published: December 2022

Amazonian mammal diversity is exceptionally high, yet new taxonomic discoveries continue to be made and many questions remain for understanding its diversification through time and space. Here we investigate the diversification of spiny rats in the genusMakalata, whose species are strongly associated with seasonally flooded forests, watercourses and flooded islands. We use a biogeographical approach based on a mitochondrial cytochrome b gene through divergence time estimation and reconstruction of ancestral areas and events. Our findings indicate an ancient origin ofMakalatafor the Guiana Shield and Eastern Amazonia as ancestral area. A first cladogenetic event led to a phylogeographic break into two broader clades ofMakalatathrough dispersal, implying a pattern of western/Eastern Amazonian clades coinciding with the Purus Arch (middle Miocene). Most of subclades we infer originated between the late Pliocene to the early Pleistocene, with few recent exceptions in the early Pliocene through dispersal and vicariant events. The hypothesis of rivers as dispersal barriers is not corroborated forMakalata, as expected for mammalian species associated with seasonally flooded environments. We identify two key events for the expansion and diversification ofMakalataspecies: the presence of geologically stable areas in the Guiana and Brazilian shields and the transition from lacustrine conditions in western Amazonia (Acre system) to a river system, with the establishment of the Amazon River transcontinental system and its tributaries. Our results are congruent with older geological scenarios for the Amazon basin formation (Miocene), but we do not discard the influence of recent dynamics on some speciation events and, mainly, on phylogeographic structuring processes.
Human CYP2B6 produces oxylipins from polyunsaturated fatty acids and reduces diet-induced obesity
Authors: Heintz Melissa M. , Eccles Jazmine A. , Olack Emily M. , Maner-Smith Kristal M. , Ortlund Eric A. , Baldwin William S.
Published: December 2022

Multiple factors in addition to over consumption lead to obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the United States and worldwide. CYP2B6 is the only human detoxification CYP whose loss is associated with obesity, and Cyp2b-null mice show greater diet-induced obesity with increased steatosis than wildtype mice. However, a putative mechanism has not been determined. LC-MS/MS revealed that CYP2B6 metabolizes PUFAs, with a preference for metabolism of ALA to 9-HOTrE and to a lesser extent 13-HOTrE with a preference for metabolism of PUFAs at the 9- and 13-positions. To further study the role of CYP2B6 in vivo, humanized-CYP2B6-transgenic (hCYP2B6-Tg) and Cyp2b-null mice were fed a 60% high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Compared to Cyp2b-null mice, hCYP2B6-Tg mice showed reduced weight gain and metabolic disease as measured by glucose tolerance tests, however hCYP2B6-Tg male mice showed increased liver triglycerides. Serum and liver oxylipin metabolite concentrations increased in male hCYP2B6-Tg mice, while only serum oxylipins increased in female hCYP2B6-Tg mice with the greatest increases in LA oxylipins metabolized at the 9 and 13-positions. Several of these oxylipins, specifically 9-HODE, 9-HOTrE, and 13-oxoODE, are PPAR agonists. RNA-seq data also demonstrated sexually dimorphic changes in gene expression related to nuclear receptor signaling, especially CAR > PPAR with qPCR suggesting PPARγ signaling is more likely than PPARα signaling in male mice. Overall, our data indicates that CYP2B6 is an anti-obesity enzyme, but probably to a lesser extent than murine Cyp2b’s. Therefore, the inhibition of CYP2B6 by xenobiotics or dietary fats can exacerbate obesity and metabolic disease potentially through disrupted PUFA metabolism and the production of key lipid metabolites.
Endophytic bacteria of Fagonia indica Burm. f revealed to harbour rich secondary antibacterial metabolites
Authors: Rahman Lubna , Mukhtar Asma , Ahmad Sajjad , Rahman Lutfur , Ali Muhammad , Saeed Muhammad , Shinwari Zabta Khan
Published: December 2022

Endophytic bacteria are the source of novel bioactive compounds, used as therapeutic agent. Molecular docking is a computational technique use frequently, to find novel drugs targets and drugs-receptors interactions. The current study was designed to isolate and identify endophytic bacteria for the extraction of bioactive compounds. Further, to characterized extracts and to explore compounds interactions with bacterial cell wall and outer membrane synthesizing proteins. Endophytes were identified using 16s rRNA amplification technique. For bioactive compounds, solvent extraction method was followed and characterized further through GC-MS analysis. To find targets and drugs-receptors interactions, molecular docking studies and biological assays were performed. The isolated endophytes belong to five different genera namely Enterobacter, Bacillus, Erwinia, Stenotrophomonas and Pantoea. In case of antibacterial assay Stenotrophomonas maltophilia extract showed significant inhibitory zones (15.11±0.11mm and 11.3±0.16) against Staphylococcus caseolyticus and Acinetobacter baumanni, with MIC 33.3 and 50μg/mL respectively. Among the characterized fifty compounds, from endophytic bacteria “antibacterial compound” N-(5-benzyl-10b-hydroxy-2-methyl-3,6-dioxooctahydro-8H-oxazolo[3,2-α] pyrrolo[2,1c] pyrazin-2-yl)-7-methyl2,3,3a,3a1,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a,10b-dodecahydro-1H-4λ2-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide of bacteria Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were an excellent binder with MurF ligase active site, with binding energy of -10.2 kcal/mol. Extracts of endophytic bacteria composed of various pharmacologically active ingredients such as antibacterial compounds. Molecular docking studies provide important information regarding drug-receptor interaction, thus can be used in novel drug discovery.
JACLNet:Application of adaptive code length network in JavaScript malicious code detection
Authors: Zhang Zhining , Wan Liang , Chu Kun , Li Shusheng , Wei Haodong , Tang Lu
Published: December 2022

Currently, JavaScript malicious code detection methods are becoming more and more effective. Still, the existing methods based on deep learning are poor at detecting too long or too short JavaScript code. Based on this, this paper proposes an adaptive code length deep learning network JACLNet, composed of convolutional block RDCNet, BiLSTM and Transfrom, to capture the association features of the variable distance between codes. Firstly, an abstract syntax tree recombination algorithm is designed to provide rich syntax information for feature extraction. Secondly, a deep residual convolution block network (RDCNet) is designed to capture short-distance association features between codes. Finally, this paper proposes a JACLNet network for JavaScript malicious code detection. To verify that the model presented in this paper can effectively detect variable JavaScript code, we divide the datasets used in this paper into long text dataset DB_Long; short text dataset DB_Short, original dataset DB_Or and enhanced dataset DB_Re. In DB_Long, our method’s F1 − score is 98.87%, higher than that of JSContana by 2.52%. In DB_Short, our method’s F1-score is 97.32%, higher than that of JSContana by 7.79%. To verify that the abstract syntax tree recombination algorithm proposed in this paper can provide rich syntax information for subsequent models, we conduct comparative experiments on DB_Or and DB_Re. In DPCNN+BiLSTM, F1-score with abstract syntax tree recombination increased by 1.72%, and in JSContana, F1-score with abstract syntax tree recombination increased by 1.50%. F1-score with abstract syntax tree recombination in JACNet improved by 1.00% otherwise unused.
clusTransition: An R package for monitoring transition in cluster solutions of temporal datasets
Authors: Atif Muhammad , Leisch Friedrich
Published: December 2022

Clustering analysis’ primary purpose is to divide a dataset into a finite number of segments based on the similarities between items. In recent years, a significant amount of study has focused on the spatio-temporal aspects of clustering. However, clusters are no longer regarded as static objects since changes influence them in the underlying population. This paper describes an R package implementing the MONIC framework for tracing the evolution of clusters extracted from temporal datasets. The name of the package is clusTransition, which stands for Cluster Transition. The algorithm is based on re-clustering cumulative datasets that evolve at successive time-points and monitoring the transitions experienced by the clusters in these clustering solutions. This paper’s contribution is to demonstrate how the package clusTransition is developed in the R programming language, and its workflow is discussed using hypothetical and real-life datasets.
Association between physical health and physical activity behaviors for children aged 3–6 years in kindergarten: A cross-sectional study from China
Authors: Xiong Xin , Zhang Weinan , An Yaqi , Meng Yunchen , Li Haifeng , Zhen Zhiping , Sun Jian
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To explore the association between the physical health (PH) and physical activity behavior (PAB) of children aged 3 to 6 years, and to provide a basis for the scientific planning of children’s physical activity behavior in kindergarten.

Methods

A total of 18041 children in China aged 3 to 6 years were selected as the research subject. The PH monitoring indicators were measured according to "The National Physical Fitness Measurement Standards Manual" (Preschool Children Version) (NPFMSM), and PAB was reported by teachers. The chi-square test was used to test for differences in PH and PAB across groups, the percentile method was used to rank PAB, correlation analysis was used to analyze the association between components of PH and PAB, and multiple linear regression was used to determine the independent association between PAB and PH.

Results

Participants in this study exhibited poor PH status, and the detection rates of failure were 16.4% for boys and 16.8% for girls, and showed a decreasing trend with increasing age. The grade difference and sex difference in PH components were statistically significant (P<0.01). PAB changes to static activities with increasing age, mainly to static indoor physical activities (SIPAs). The regression effects of the total duration of physical activity (TDPA) and dynamic physical activity (DPA) on PH score and physical fitness (PF) score were significant (P < 0.01) but not statistically significant with static physical activity (SPA) (P>0.05). Dynamic outdoor physical activity (DOPA) is the core factor affecting children’s PH, and is significantly positively correlated with the components of PH.

Conclusion

PAB in kindergarten can improve children’s PH, and reasonable planning of PAB in kindergarten has a targeted effect on PH promotion.
The lead and cadmium content in rice and risk to human health in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Xianliang , Zhao Bo , Wu Yanlei , Tan Mingtian , Shen Lisha , Feng Guirong , Yang Xiaoshan , Chen Shiqi , Xiong Youming , Zhang En , Zhou Hongyu
Published: December 2022

Numerous studies have investigated concentrations of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in rice in China, but have come to divergent conclusions. Therefore we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the available evidence on levels of Pb and Cd in rice in different regions of China in order to assess the potential risk to human health. The meta-analysis included 24 studies of Pb levels and 29 studies of Cd levels, published in 2011–2021. The pooled Pb concentration in rice was 0.10 mg per kg dry weight (95% CI 0.08−0.11), while the pooled Cd concentration was 0.16 mg per kg dry weight (95% CI 0.14−0.18). These levels are within the limits specified by national food safety standards. However, the total target hazard quotient for both metals exceeded 1.0 for adults and children, suggesting that rice consumption poses a health risk.
Comparative study of temperature effects on white sandstone and rockburst-like materials
Authors: Zhu Zhengguo , Ma Chaoyi , Fang Zhichun , Han Weige , Wang Renyuan , Han Zhiming , Chu Shaohu , Gao Yuanbo
Published: December 2022

Rockburst physical model test, as one of the important means to study deep tunnel engineering, reflects the main influencing factors of rockburst into the model test through similar theory, so as to reveal the formation mechanism, influencing factors and evolution law of different types of rockburst in deep tunnels. In order to study the mechanical properties of white sandstone in deeply buried tunnels at high ground temperatures, materials suitable for conducting rockburst physical and mechanical tests were developed on the basis of the Daqian Shi Ling tunnel project, and similar material ratios were preferentially selected on the basis of white sandstone. Judged by the rock burst propensity, similar materials with low strength and high brittle characteristics, can better simulate the characteristics of white sandstone, and all show a strong propensity to rock burst, is the ideal rock burst similar materials. Uniaxial compressive tests were conducted on similar materials and the original rock at different temperatures, and comparative analysis was performed. Through the study of stress, displacement and modulus of elasticity, it was concluded that the compressive strength of similar materials gradually increased with temperature in the range of 20–100°C, and the vertical displacement at peak strength decreased with increasing temperature. The damage forms of white sandstone and similar materials at different temperatures were comparatively analyzed, and it was obtained that the damage forms of white sandstone and similar materials were basically the same, with a few specimens showing tensile and shear damage, and most specimens showing the form of combined tensile and shear damage. The study of rock burst similar materials and the development of the failure characteristics of rock burst under the action of thermal coupling are of great significance to the mechanism of rock burst generation and prediction.
Whole-body analysis of TRPML3 (MCOLN3) expression using a GFP-reporter mouse model reveals widespread expression in secretory cells and endocrine glands
Authors: Spix Barbara , Castiglioni Andrew J. , Remis Natalie N. , Flores Emma N. , Wartenberg Philipp , Wyatt Amanda , Boehm Ulrich , Gudermann Thomas , Biel Martin , García-Añoveros Jaime , Grimm Christian
Published: December 2022

TRPML3 (mucolipin 3, MCOLN3) is an endolysosomal cation channel belonging to the TRPML subfamily of transient receptor potential channels. Gain-of-function mutations in the Trpml3 gene cause deafness, circling behavior and coat color dilution in mice due to cell death of TRPML3-expressing hair cells of the inner ear or skin melanocytes, respectively. Furthermore, TRPML3 was found to play a role in the long term survival of cochlear hair cells (its absence contributing to presbycusis), in specialized giant lysosomes that neonatal (birth to weaning) enterocytes used for the uptake and digestion of maternal milk nutrients, and in the expulsion of exosome-encased bacteria such as uropathogenic E. coli, infecting bladder epithelial cells. Recently, TRPML3 was found to be expressed at high levels in alveolar macrophages and loss of TRPML3 results in a lung emphysema phenotype, confirmed in two independently engineered Trpml3 knockout lines. TRPML3 is not ubiquitously expressed like its relative TRPML1 and thus cellular expression of TRPML3 on a whole-tissue level remains, with the exceptions mentioned above, largely elusive. To overcome this problem, we generated a τGFP reporter mouse model for TRPML3 and compared expression data obtained from this model by immunofluorescence on tissue sections with immunohistochemistry using TRPML3 antibodies and in situ hybridization. We thus uncovered expression in several organs and distinct cell types. We confirmed TRPML3 expression in both neonatal and adult alveolar macrophages, in melanocytes of hair follicles and glabrous skin, in principle cells of the collecting duct of the neonatal and adult kidney, and in olfactory sensory neurons of the olfactory epithelium, including its fibres protruding to the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb. Additionally, we localized TRPML3 in several glands including parathyroid, thyroid, salivary, adrenal, and pituitary gland, testes and ovaries, suggestive of potential roles for the channel in secretion or uptake of different hormones.
Exploring the association between epilepsy and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qin Shao-kun , Yang Zi-xian , Guan Zhen-wei , Zhang Jin-hu , Ping Xin , Lu Ye , Pei Lin
Published: December 2022

Objective

This study offers meta-analytic data on the potential association between epilepsy and depression especially for the prevalence of depression in epilepsy or vice versa.

Methods

The relevant studies were searched and identified from nine electronic databases. Studies that mentioned the prevalence and/or incidence of epilepsy and depression were included. Hand searches were also included. The search language was English and the search time was through May 2022. Where feasible, random-effects models were used to generate pooled estimates.

Results

After screening electronic databases and other resources, 48 studies from 6,234 citations were included in this meta-analysis. The period prevalence of epilepsy ranged from 1% to 6% in patients with depression. In population-based settings, the pooled period prevalence of depression in patients with epilepsy was 27% (95% CI, 23–31) and 34% in clinical settings (95% CI, 30–39). Twenty studies reported that seizure frequency, low income, unemployment of the patients, perception of stigma, anxiety, being female, unmarried status, disease course, worse quality of life, higher disability scores, and focal-impaired awareness seizures were risk factors for depression.

Conclusion

Our study found that epilepsy was associated with an increased risk of depression. Depression was associated with the severity of epilepsy.
Spatial characterization of the effect of age and sex on macular layer thicknesses and foveal pit morphology
Authors: Romero-Bascones David , Ayala Unai , Alberdi Ane , Erramuzpe Asier , Galdós Marta , Gómez-Esteban Juan Carlos , Murueta-Goyena Ane , Teijeira Sara , Gabilondo Iñigo , Barrenechea Maitane
Published: December 2022

Characterizing the effect of age and sex on macular retinal layer thicknesses and foveal pit morphology is crucial to differentiating between natural and disease-related changes. We applied advanced image analysis techniques to optical coherence tomography (OCT) to: 1) enhance the spatial description of age and sex effects, and 2) create a detailed open database of normative retinal layer thickness maps and foveal pit shapes. The maculae of 444 healthy subjects (age range 21–88) were imaged with OCT. Using computational spatial data analysis, thickness maps were obtained for retinal layers and averaged into 400 (20 x 20) sectors. Additionally, the geometry of the foveal pit was radially analyzed by computing the central foveal thickness, rim height, rim radius, and mean slope. The effect of age and sex on these parameters was analyzed with multiple regression mixed-effects models. We observed that the overall age-related decrease of the total retinal thickness (TRT) (-1.1% per 10 years) was mainly driven by the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) (-2.4% per 10 years). Both TRT and GCIPL thinning patterns were homogeneous across the macula when using percentual measurements. Although the male retina was 4.1 μm thicker on average, the greatest differences were mainly present for the inner retinal layers in the inner macular ring (up to 4% higher TRT than in the central macula). There was an age-related decrease in the rim height (1.0% per 10 years) and males had a higher rim height, shorter rim radius, and steeper mean slope. Importantly, the radial analysis revealed that these changes are present and relatively uniform across angular directions. These findings demonstrate the capacity of advanced analysis of OCT images to enhance the description of the macula. This, together with the created dataset, could aid the development of more accurate diagnosis models for macular pathologies.