bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dilemmas, decision‐making, and disasters: Emotions of parenting, safety, and rebuilding in bushfire recovery
Authors: de Vet Eliza , Eriksen Christine , McKinnon Scott
Published: December 2020

Increasing numbers of households are impacted by disasters due to population growth, increasing development in higher risk areas, and climate change. While emergency management in Australia aims to reduce quantifiable losses, lived disaster and recovery experiences are relatively mute, with implications for mitigation and post‐disaster support. This paper draws on findings from a research project that set out to examine the role of insurance in household recovery after the 2013 Blue Mountains bushfires in New South Wales. Among the 19 interview participants, prioritisation of the needs of children was found to hinder personal recovery. Drawing on this key finding, this paper focuses on parents' emotion work and emotions surrounding home. Innate desires to provide good care monopolised parents' emotions and emotional outlets, as they worked to conceal threats and (re)establish a sense of normalcy. Emotion work drained parents, as did threats to, and the loss of, “home” created through “dwelling.” When homes burnt, so too did memories of children embodied in that home – memories that had permeated the material space. This sense of loss intensified when informing children about losses – an act that breached parents' protective instincts and necessitated additional emotional care. Emotions escalated as capacities for care were challenged or eroded in the absence of home contents that normally would have anchored daily routines and provided stability. Replacing such items dominated parents' recovery efforts – efforts encumbered by competing recovery demands, yet facilitated to some degree by insurance safety‐nets. These emotions impacted parents' mental and physical wellbeing in the four years that separated the bushfires and the interviews. While there is considerable literature outlining parents' role in lessening disaster impacts on children, few studies examine parents' capacity to do so. In addressing this gap, this paper highlights avenues to improve psychosocial aspects of disaster recovery.
Longitudinal changes over three years in sex steroid hormone levels in women aged 70 years and over
Authors: Islam Rakibul M. , Bell Robin J. , Handelsman David J , Robinson Penelope J. , Wolfe Rory , Davis Susan R ,   the ASPREE Investigator Group
Published: December 2020

Objective

Sex steroid levels in women vary with increasing age from the age of 70 years (70+). Whether this reflects change within individuals with age or a survival advantage is not known. This study aimed to determine the stability of circulating sex steroids and SHBG over time in individual women aged 70+.

Design

A prospective cohort study.

Participants

400 women, aged 70+ not using any sex steroid, anti‐androgen/oestrogen or glucocorticoid therapy.

Main outcome measurements

Sex steroid concentrations, measured by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) by immunoassay, in paired blood samples drawn 3 years apart and analysed together.

Results

400 women, median (IQR) age 78.0 (8.6) years, were included in the analysis. Mean testosterone concentrations were statistically significantly higher in follow‐up samples compared with baseline. The change was modest (mean change 31 pmol/L, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.4–59.8; p = .034), and an increase was not observed in all women. There was a statistically significant decline in mean body mass index (mean change −0.4 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.6 to −0.3; p < .001) and a significant increase in the mean serum SHBG concentration (mean change 4.0 nmol/L, 95% CI 2.7–5.4; p < .001). The change observed in testosterone was not explained by the observed change in SHBG. There was no significant change in the mean oestrone or dehydroepiandrosterone concentration.

Conclusions

Testosterone concentrations in women aged 70+ were more likely to increase than decrease. Whether increasing testosterone concentrations in older women confer a survival advantage needs investigation.
Strategies for the use of Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761®, in the treatment and management of mild cognitive impairment in Asia: Expert consensus
Authors: Kandiah Nagaendran , Chan Yee Fai , Chen Christopher , Dasig Darwin , Dominguez Jacqueline , Han Seol‐Heui , Jia Jianping , Kim SangYun , Limpawattana Panita , Ng Li‐Ling , Nguyen Dinh Toan , Ong Paulus Anam , Raya‐Ampil Encarnita , Saedon Nor'izzati , Senanarong Vorapun , Setiati Siti , Singh Harjot , Suthisisang Chuthamanee , Trang Tong Mai , Turana Yuda , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Yong Fee Mann , Youn Yong Chul , Ihl Ralf
Published: December 2020

Background

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a neurocognitive state between normal cognitive aging and dementia, with evidence of neuropsychological changes but insufficient functional decline to warrant a diagnosis of dementia. Individuals with MCI are at increased risk for progression to dementia; and an appreciable proportion display neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), also a known risk factor for dementia. Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is thought to be an underdiagnosed contributor to MCI/dementia. The Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761®, is increasingly being used for the symptomatic treatment of cognitive disorders with/without CVD, due to its known neuroprotective effects and cerebrovascular benefits.

Aims

To present consensus opinion from the ASian Clinical Expert group on Neurocognitive Disorders (ASCEND) regarding the role of EGb 761® in MCI.

Materials & Methods

The ASCEND Group reconvened in September 2019 to present and critically assess the current evidence on the general management of MCI, including the efficacy and safety of EGb 761® as a treatment option.

Results

EGb 761® has demonstrated symptomatic improvement in at least four randomized trials, in terms of cognitive performance, memory, recall and recognition, attention and concentration, anxiety, and NPS. There is also evidence that EGb 761® may help delay progression from MCI to dementia in some individuals.

Discussion

EGb 761® is currently recommended in multiple guidelines for the symptomatic treatment of MCI. Due to its beneficial effects on cerebrovascular blood flow, it is reasonable to expect that EGb 761® may benefit MCI patients with underlying CVD.

Conclusion

As an expert group, we suggest it is clinically appropriate to incorporate EGb 761® as part of the multidomain intervention for MCI.
Beyond species counts for assessing, valuing, and conserving biodiversity: response to Wallach et al. 2019
Authors: Meyer Ninon F. V. , Balkenhol Niko , Dutta Trishna , Hofman Maarten , Meyer Jean‐Yves , Ritchie Euan G. , Alley Charlotte , Beranek Chad , Bugir Cassandra K. , Callen Alex , Clulow Simon , Cove Michael V. , Klop‐Toker Kaya , Lopez Omar R. , Mahony Michael , Scanlon Robert , Sharma Sandeep , Shute Elen , Upton Rose , Guilbault Emy , Griffin Andrea S. , Hernández Pérez Edwin , Howell Lachlan G. , King John‐Paul , Lenga Dean , O Donoghue Patrick , Hayward Matt W.
Published: December 2020

Article impact statement: Combining native and non‐native species to evaluate biodiversity is overly simplistic and may undermine the conservation of ecosystems.
Jens Ove Andreasen, 1935‐2020 Father of Dental Traumatology
Authors: Andersson Lars , Bakland Leif K. , Heithersay Geoffrey S. , Lauridsen Eva
Published: December 2020

The life and professional contributions to dental traumatology of Dr. Jens Ove Andreasen are described in terms of his research, writing, teaching, and leadership.
A potential role for Botryosphaeria parva (Anamorph Neofusicoccum parvum) in plane tree (Platanus orientalis) decline in İstanbul, Turkey
Authors: Kurbetli İlker , Aydoğdu Mehmet , Sülü Görkem , Woodward Stephen , Demirci Fikret
Published: December 2020

Dieback and trunk canker symptoms were observed on centenarian plane trees (Platanus orientalis) in Gezi Park and Dolmabahçe Avenue in İstanbul province of Turkey in August 2015. Reddish‐brown canker lesions covered approximately half of the tree trunk, from roots to top of the trees. The external symptoms were chlorosis, defoliation and dieback, and most of the affected trees were leafless. Three fungal species were isolated from necrotic root and stem tissues and identified as Botryosphaeria parva (Anamorph Neofusicoccum parvum), Neopestalotiopsis clavispora and Diaporthe foeniculina (Anamorph Phomopsis theicola) by morphological characteristics and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the β‐tubulin (β‐tub) gene regions. Inoculations on two‐year‐old P. orientalis seedlings demonstrated that all three species were pathogenic, but B. parva caused the largest lesions on stems of plane seedlings. Dual inoculations did not show any synergism in pathogenicity. This paper is the first report of B. parva, N. clavispora and D. foeniculina causing root rot and stem canker of plane trees in Turkey, and probably worldwide.
Transgenic rats expressing dominant negative BMAL1 showed circadian clock amplitude reduction and rapid recovery from jet lag
Authors: Minami Yoichi , Yoshikawa Tomoko , Nagano Mamoru , Koinuma Satoshi , Morimoto Tadamitsu , Fujioka Atsuko , Furukawa Keiichi , Ikegami Keisuke , Tatemizo Atsuhiro , Egawa Kentaro , Tamaru Teruya , Taniguchi Taizo , Shigeyoshi Yasufumi
Published: December 2020

The circadian rhythms are endogenous rhythms of about 24 h, and are driven by the circadian clock. The clock centre locates in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Light signals from the retina shift the circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, but there is a robust part of the suprachiasmatic nucleus that causes jet lag after an abrupt shift of the environmental lighting condition. To examine the effect of attenuated circadian rhythm on the duration of jet lag, we established a transgenic rat expressing BMAL1 dominant negative form under control by mouse Prnp‐based transcriptional regulation cassette [BMAL1 DN (+)]. The transgenic rats became active earlier than controls, just after light offset. Compared to control rats, BMAL1 DN (+) rats showed smaller circadian rhythm amplitudes in both behavioural and Per2 promoter driven luciferase activity rhythms. A light pulse during the night resulted in a larger phase shift of behavioural rhythm. Furthermore, at an abrupt shift of the light‐dark cycle, BMAL1 DN (+) rat showed faster entrainment to the new light‐dark cycle compared to controls. The circadian rhythm has been regarded as a limit cycle phenomenon, and our results support the hypothesis that modification of the amplitude of the circadian limit cycle leads to alteration in the length of the phase shift.
In vivo glial trans‐differentiation for neuronal replacement and functional recovery in central nervous system
Authors: Qian Cheng , Dong Bryan , Wang Xu‐Yang , Zhou Feng‐Quan
Published: December 2020

The adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is deficient in intrinsic machineries to replace neurons lost in injuries or progressive degeneration. Various types of these neurons constitute neural circuitries wired to support vital sensory, motor, and cognitive functions. Based on the pioneer studies in cell lineage conversion, one promising strategy is to convert in vivo glial cells into neural progenitors or directly into neurons that can be eventually rewired for functional recovery. We first briefly summarize the well‐studied regeneration‐capable CNS in the zebrafish, focusing on their postinjury spontaneous reprogramming of the retinal Müller glia (MG). We then compare the signaling transductions, and transcriptional and epigenetic regulations in the zebrafish MGs with their mammalian counterparts, which perpetuate certain barriers against proliferation and neurogenesis and thus fail in MG‐to‐progenitor conversion. Next, we discuss emerging evidence from mouse studies, in which the in vivo glia‐to‐neuron conversion could be achieved with sequential or one‐step genetic manipulations, such as the conversions from retinal MGs to interneurons, photoreceptors, or retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), as well as the conversions from midbrain astrocytes to dopaminergic or GABAergic neurons. Some of these in vivo studies showed considerable coverage of subtypes in the newly induced neurons and partial reestablishment in neural circuits and functions. Importantly, we would like to point out some crucial technical concerns that need to be addressed to convincingly show successful glia‐to‐neuron conversion. Finally, we present challenges and future directions in the field for better neural function recovery.
Manumission, custom, and the laws of slavery and freedom in Latin America
Authors: Chira Adriana
Published: December 2020

At the turn of the 19th century, across most regions of Latin America, free people of color outnumbered the enslaved. Even in the Western Hemisphere's last societies to abolish slavery, Cuba and Brazil, the only exceptions to this pattern, the size of the free population of color in some regions increased throughout the 1800s. This demographic sector emerged and expanded primarily through manumission. This article examines recent scholarly attention to freedom litigation which has shown manumission's deep entanglements in custom, unwritten negotiations between enslavers and enslaved. Customary arrangements for manumission took a variety of local forms that courts often recognized even when they misaligned with written law. Custom's privileged status within the Iberian‐Atlantic legal regime and a fragmented local elite that could not control it placed some power in the hands of enslaved people in some areas of Latin America. Moreover, through its orality and embedding in local social relations, custom also offered a low entry point into the justice system for subaltern sectors. In Latin America, the Age of Emancipation was not just a time of conflict over liberalism's potential to free enslaved people. It was also an age of conflict over custom's liberatory capacity, and as such, an age of popular legalism.
Stable Discovery of Interpretable Subgroups via Calibration in Causal Studies
Authors: Dwivedi Raaz , Tan Yan Shuo , Park Briton , Wei Mian , Horgan Kevin , Madigan David , Yu Bin
Published: December 2020

Building on Yu and Kumbier's predictability, computability and stability (PCS) framework and for randomised experiments, we introduce a novel methodology for Stable Discovery of Interpretable Subgroups via Calibration (StaDISC), with large heterogeneous treatment effects. StaDISC was developed during our re‐analysis of the 1999–2000 VIGOR study, an 8076‐patient randomised controlled trial that compared the risk of adverse events from a then newly approved drug, rofecoxib (Vioxx), with that from an older drug naproxen. Vioxx was found to, on average and in comparison with naproxen, reduce the risk of gastrointestinal events but increase the risk of thrombotic cardiovascular events. Applying StaDISC, we fit 18 popular conditional average treatment effect (CATE) estimators for both outcomes and use calibration to demonstrate their poor global performance. However, they are locally well‐calibrated and stable, enabling the identification of patient groups with larger than (estimated) average treatment effects. In fact, StaDISC discovers three clinically interpretable subgroups each for the gastrointestinal outcome (totalling 29.4% of the study size) and the thrombotic cardiovascular outcome (totalling 11.0%). Complementary analyses of the found subgroups using the 2001–2004 APPROVe study, a separate independently conducted randomised controlled trial with 2587 patients, provide further supporting evidence for the promise of StaDISC.
The effects of lockdown measures due to COVID‐19 pandemic on burn cases
Authors: Akkoç Mehmet Fatih , Bülbüloğlu Semra , Özdemir Mehmet
Published: December 2020

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of lockdown measures implemented due to COVID‐19 on aetiology, sociodemographic characteristics, and clinical status of burn cases. This study was carried out retrospectively at the Burn Unit of Dicle University Medical Faculty Hospital. The burn cases during the COVID‐19 outbreak were compared with those of the previous 2 years. Statistical analyses were carried out using the IBM SPSS (Statistics Package for Social Sciences) Statistics 25. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t‐test, Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test, and Shapiro‐Wilk test were used for data evaluation. Results were evaluated at 95% confidence interval and P < .05 significance level. It was determined that burn cases were reduced by half during the COVID‐19 compared to the previous 2 years. Despite the increase in the number of third‐degree burns and surgeries, it was determined that the length of hospital stay decreased by an average of two thirds. Hot liquids have been identified as the most important cause of burns in all years. New studies should be conducted in order to examine the social dimension of COVID‐19 pandemic in burn cases and to prevent these cases completely. The short hospital stay preferred by clinicians after COVID‐19 and possible problems that may arise should be investigated.
Isolated systolic hypertension and central blood pressure: Implications from the national nutrition and health survey in Taiwan
Authors: Chuang Shao‐Yuan , Chang Hsing‐Yi , Tsai Tsung‐Ying , Cheng Hao‐Min , Pan Wen‐Harn , Chen Chen‐Huan
Published: December 2020

We aimed to investigate the association between isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) and central blood pressure (BP) in a nationally representative population, with a focus on the young and middle‐aged adults (<50 years old). A total of 2029 adults without taking antihypertensive medications, aged ≥ 19 years old, participated in the 2013–2016 National Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan. Central and brachial BP were simultaneously measured using a cuff‐based stand‐alone central blood pressure monitor purporting to measure invasive central BP (type II device). Central hypertension was defined by central systolic (SBP)/diastolic BP (DBP) ≥130 or 90 mm Hg, and ISH was defined by brachial SBP ≥ 140 and DBP < 90 mm Hg. Overall, the prevalence rates of ISH, isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH, brachial SBP < 140 and DBP ≥ 90 mmHg), and systolic/diastolic hypertension (SDH, brachial SBP ≥ 140 and DBP ≥ 90 mmHg) were 6.51%, 1.92%, and 4.34%, respectively. ISH subjects had significantly higher central pulse pressure (PP) (62.8 ± 9.7 mm Hg for age < 50 years and 72.4 ± 13.5 mmHg for age ≥ 50 years) than those subjects with either IDH (44.7 ± 10.7 and 44.9 ± 10.6 mmHg) or SDH (55.2 ± 14.0 and 62.6 ± 17.1 mmHg). All ISH adults had central hypertension, and a higher prevalence of central obesity than the normotensives (80.95% vs. 26.15%, for age < 50 years; and 63.96% vs. 43.37% for age ≥ 50 years). All untreated subjects with ISH, whether younger or older, had central hypertension and had significantly higher central PP than those with IDH or SDH. Central obesity was one of the major characteristics of ISH, especially in the young‐ and middle‐aged adults.
Trauma, social media, and #WhyIDidntReport: An analysis of twitter posts about reluctance to report sexual assault
Authors: Whiting Jason B. , Pickens Jaclyn Cravens , Sagers Abby Luthi , PettyJohn Morgan , Davies Bria
Published: December 2020

Recent social trends regarding sexual violence and gender have included elements of “hashtag activism,” which involves using social media tools for cultural awareness and change. For example, the Twitter hashtag: #WhyIDidntReport was created for survivors of sexual victimization to share their barriers to reporting. In this project, 600 tweets attached to this hashtag were analyzed using a combination of grounded theory and content analysis methods. Results were organized into a conceptual map, with a central category (power), connected to three other ecological categories (culture, community systems, and relationships) and one category of survivor experiences. Each category has subcategories which illustrate certain contextual and internal barriers to reporting assault. The model shows how these barriers intersect and interact, and often further traumatize those who have been assaulted. The model offers implications for professionals working with those who have survived sexual trauma, as well as those studying the dynamics of abuse.
Contact sensitization to cosmetic series of allergens in female patients with rosacea: A prospective controlled study in China
Authors: Chen Bangtao , Yu Fubing , Chen WenChieh , Yao Zhengqiu , Yang Xi , Zhang Daojun , Hao Fei
Published: December 2020

Background

Allergic contact dermatitis to cosmetics (ACDC) complicates the diagnosis and treatment of rosacea, and is increasingly observed in daily practice.

Aims

The present study aimed to identify the contact allergens responsible for ACDC in Chinese female rosacea patients with or without suspected ACDC (SACDC).

Methods

From a total of 1267 women with rosacea, 122 with SACDC, 145 without SACDC, and 100 age‐matched healthy controls without rosacea or SACDC were examined on a voluntary basis. Skin patch tests with C‐1000 cosmetic series (Chemotechnique Diagnostics, Malmo, Sweden) were conducted, including 20 selected allergens.

Results

Positive allergic reaction was found in 85.2% and 33.8% of SACDC and non‐SACDC (P < .001), respectively, and 27.0% of healthy volunteers. Most reactions occurred at day 3, and the majority of all the examinees including normal controls reacted to more than 1 allergen. In SACDC patients, leading allergens were methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (28.7%), linalool hydroperoxide (27.1%), fragrance mix I (21.3%), methylisothiazolinone (17.2%), limonene hydroperoxides (16.4%), formaldehyde (14.8%), myroxylon pereirae (13.9%), and propolis (10.7%); the overall allergic reaction rate positively correlated with new onset of facial pruritus (P < .001). The occurrence of irritant contact reactions correlated with positive allergic reactions in rosacea patients with or without SACDC (P = .032 or P < .001, respectively).

Conclusions

Preservatives and fragrances are primary culprits for ACDC in Chinese female rosacea patients. Patch testing should be considered in the suspected patients.
Caring for patients at home after acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A phenomenological study of family caregivers’ experiences
Authors: Bagnasco Annamaria , Rosa Francesca , Dasso Nicoletta , Aleo Giuseppe , Catania Gianluca , Zanini Milko , Rocco Gennaro , Turci Carlo , Ghirotto Luca , Hayter Mark , Sasso Loredana
Published: December 2020

Aims and objectives

To understand the experiences and support needs of informal caregivers of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who return home following an acute exacerbation.

Background

The presence of an informal caregiver is important to provide practical and emotional support after an episode of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, caregiving in such circumstances can be challenging and stressful.

Design

Phenomenology.

Methods

This is a phenomenological study based on semi‐structured interviews with sixteen primary caregivers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Interview data were analysed using Colaizzi's descriptive analysis framework, to identify significant themes and sub‐themes. Data were collected between April‐December 2017 in a Teaching Hospital in Italy. The study was designed and reported following the COREQ guidelines and checklist.

Results

Analysis elicited five themes embracing various aspects of the caregivers’ lived experiences: (a) a home disrupted, (b) living with constant vigilance and anxiety, (c) feeling the need to escape (d) self‐justifications for caregiving role/duty, and (e) feeling abandoned by professionals.

Conclusions

Our results show that carers experience a range of difficulties when caring for their relative at home with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Some of these are linked to the physical disruption of their home but many are linked to feelings of inability to cope and the psycho‐social impact of the caring role. The study also shows how participants felt unsupported by professionals. Focused support for carers is required to enable them to meet these challenges.

Relevance to clinical practice

Healthcare professionals should be trained to provide technical and psychological support to caregivers especially during the phases of disease that may involve episodes of exacerbation. Home care and continuity of care can work if there is excellent communication and collaboration between healthcare professionals and caregivers. Developing appropriate support for family caregivers is essential to address the problems they can face.
Chinese orthopaedic nurses' knowledge, attitude and venous thromboembolic prophylactic practices: A multicentric cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Wang Yu , Wu Xin‐Juan , Ma Yu‐Fen , Xu Yuan , Wang Xiao‐Jie , Zhu Chen , Cao Jing , Jiao Jing , Liu Ge , Li Zhen , Liu Ying , Zhu Li‐Yun
Published: December 2020

Background

Venous thromboembolism is a severe preventable complication among orthopaedic surgical patients. Integrating therapeutic guidelines into clinical practice can help improve patient safety and reduce the burden of this pathology. Improving the quality of patient care is important for bridging the gap between the prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism and therapeutic guidelines.

Objectives

This study aimed at evaluating the knowledge, attitude, and venous thromboembolism and prophylaxis practices of Chinese orthopaedic nurses to guide quality care improvements.

Methods

The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from a multicentric survey. An anonymous questionnaire was used to measure the attitude and knowledge of venous thromboembolic prophylaxis among orthopaedic nurses. VTE prophylactic practices were extracted from medical records within the electronic case report form immediately after the nurses' investigations. The STROBE statement for observational studies was applied.

Results

Results indicated that although 94.0% of the responding nurses had attended training courses in their wards, a majority of them (68.9%) achieved a median knowledge score of 7 points or below (range 0–9). Knowledge regarding the proper use of prophylaxis, identification of risk factors, signs and symptoms for pulmonary embolism was limited. Self‐reported attitudes underestimate the relationships between venous thromboembolism and low‐quality nursing care. Pharmacological prophylaxis was highly used (90.9%), while the utilisation of mechanical prophylaxis and its proper use was relatively low.

Conclusions

Chinese orthopaedic nurses demonstrated enthusiasm for venous thromboembolism and prophylaxis. Their knowledge needs to be improved, including the proper use of prophylaxis, identification of risk factors, signs and symptoms. Mechanical prophylaxis practice for VTE prevention after THA and TKA surgical procedures is not optimistic. Further studies should analyse the causes from multiple perspectives, including the availability of resources, the knowledge and attitude of doctors, nurses and patients.

Relevance to clinical practice

The findings from this study can be used to develop and implement interventions for venous thromboembolism after orthopaedic surgery.
A qualitative emancipatory inquiry into relationships between people with mental disorders and health professionals
Authors: Martínez‐Martínez Concepción , Sánchez‐Martínez Vanessa , Ballester‐Martínez Javier , Richart‐Martínez Miguel , Ramos‐Pichardo Juan Diego
Published: December 2020

Accessible summary

What is known on the subject?

A therapeutic alliance with people with mental disorders could help increase the efficacy of treatment.

The paradigm shift from a paternalistic model to one that respects the person's autonomy has led to professionals accepting the active role of people with mental disorders making decisions that affect their treatment.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

People with mental disorders perceive paternalistic and stigmatizing attitudes from health professionals, and they do not feel involved in decisions about their health, which can render effective therapeutic alliances difficult.

The findings reveal that although people in Mediterranean countries are used to paternalistic treatment from health professionals due to cultural factors, people with mental disorders are increasingly critical of how they are treated and demand greater autonomy and respect in the decision to undergo drug therapy.

What are the implications for practice?

In their interactions with people with mental disorders, health professionals should include efforts aimed at improving shared decision‐making capabilities and avoiding paternalistic or stigmatizing attitudes.

Introduction

A therapeutic alliance with people is essential for the efficacy of treatments. However, the traditional paternalistic values of the Mediterranean society may be incompatible with patient autonomy.

Aim

To explore the therapeutic relationship from the perspective of people diagnosed with mental disorders with health professionals, including nurses.

Methods

This emancipatory research was performed through focus groups, with people with mental disorders who had a variety of diagnoses and experiences of acute and community‐based mental health services and other healthcare services. Data were analysed using the content analysis method.

Results

Four main themes emerged: stereotypes and prejudice; quality of interactions and treatment; emotional and behavioural impacts; and demands.

Discussion

According to the participants' descriptions, health professionals are not exempt from prejudice against persons with psychiatric diagnoses. They reported experiencing abuse of power, malpractice, and overmedication. Thus, in the Mediterranean culture, professional attitudes may represent a barrier for an appropriate therapeutic alliance, and people with mental disorders do not feel involved in making decisions about their health.

Implications for practice

Knowing how people with mental disorders perceive their interactions with health professionals and the effects is necessary to move the care model towards more symmetric relationships that facilitate a therapeutic alliance.
Volatile abundances and hydrogen isotope ratios of apatite in Martian basaltic breccia NWA 11522—A paired stone of NWA 7034
Authors: Smith Aimee , Hallis Lydia J. , Nagashima Kazuhide , Huss Gary R.
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to determine the volatile content (Cl, F, OH) and hydrogen isotope (D/H) ratios of apatite grains within the Martian meteorite NWA 11522, a paired stone of the ungrouped polymict breccia NWA 7034. Apatite F:Cl:OH ratios were measured via SEM‐EDS analyses, and found to be strikingly similar in all grains, and dominated by Cl. Apatite D/H ratios were measured in situ via the Cameca ims 1280 SIMS at the University of Hawai'i. Results varied between δDvalues of 782 and 52 ‰ and between water contents of 0.127 and 0.510 wt%. The data form a mixing line between two endmembers. The first endmember, a high D/H ratio and low water content endmember, represents a fluid present during the thermal event that lithified the breccia at 1.5 Ga, resetting apatite volatile content, D/H ratio, and U‐Pb ages at this time. The D/H ratio of this fluid suggests that it was derived from the crust/cryosphere (e.g., melted groundwater ice). The second endmember, a low D/H ratio and high water content endmember, represents a second Martian fluid that interacted with the breccia after lithification. The low D/H ratio of this later fluid indicates it was derived from the deeper Martian interior, and may be evidence of an impact‐related hydrothermal system on Mars during the Amazonian period. The presence of these fluids within NWA 11522 suggests that subsurface impact crater environments were still host to liquid water during the past 1.5 Ga on Mars, and still could be to this day.
Exosome Derived from ADSCs Attenuates Ultraviolet B‐mediated Photoaging in Human Dermal Fibroblasts
Authors: Gao Wei , Wang Xiu , Si Yue , Pang Jinlong , Liu Hao , Li Shanshan , Ding Qi , Wang Yushuai
Published: December 2020

Stem cell therapies have attracted a lot of attention in the fields of dermatological and esthetic medicine. The paracrine action of stem cells is deemed to play a crucial role in skin treatments. Many reports have demonstrated the beneficial effects of conditioned medium (CM) derived from ADSCs on skin photoaging. However, few reports have presented the application of exosome (Exo) derived from ADSCs in the treatment of photoaging. To clarify the effects of Exo, we collected Exo from the CM of ADSCs and the photoprotective effects of Exo, as well as those of the CM with and without Exo, were investigated by detecting the intracellular ROS, DNA damage and some photoaging‐associated signal pathways on UVB‐treated human dermal fibroblasts. The results showed that Exo had significant efficiency in preventing photoaging, and it could inhibit UVB‐induced cellular DNA damage, overexpression of ROS and MMP‐1 via regulating Nrf2 and MAPK/AP‐1 pathway. In addition, Exo could effectively activate the TGF‐β/Smad pathway to elevate the expression of procollagen type I. However, these photoprotective effects were weakened when Exo was removed from the CM. Taken together, the results suggested that Exo, a key component of paracrine activity, played an important role in the treatment of photoaging.
Origins and Evolution of Photocarcinogenesis Action Spectra, Including Germicidal UVC†
Authors: Forbes Paul Donald , Cole Curtis A. , deGruijl Frank
Published: December 2020

Germicidal ultraviolet radiation (GUV) provides a means of dramatically reducing airborne spread of microorganisms in residential and workspace environments. Regarding design and use of GUV, both efficacy and safety data have accumulated over several decades, with a substantial increase of attention during the current COVID‐19 pandemic. Considerations for skin and eye safety previously resulted in guidance on exposures in institutional and workplace settings. This report details the evolution of limits for skin exposures, with particular attention to the risk of skin neoplasia.
Career and Technical Education Experiences Relationship to Technology Attitudes, Self-regulation and Grit
Authors: Hartley Kendall , Xing Xue
Published: December 2020

Career and Technical Education (CTE) secondary school experiences have a positive impact on career development and academic achievement. This study explores other positive impacts such as technology attitudes, persistence, and cognitive traits that are associated with career and academic success. This study investigated the relationships between high school CTE experiences of 103 pre-service education students and technology attitudes, grit, and self-regulated learning. The results demonstrate a statistically significant positive correlation between the number of CTE courses taken in high school and technology dependence. Similarly, there is a positive correlation between CTE courses and self-regulatory skills. Grit was positively correlated with internship experiences in high school.
Reassessing Lewin on the Promise of Husserl's Phenomenology of Time-Consciousness
Authors: Wiskus Jessica
Published: December 2020

In his seminal essay "Music Theory, Phenomenology, and Modes of Perception," David Lewin takes up (and works against) Husserl's phenomenology of inner time-consciousness as a means of developing his own perception-based musical analyses. My aim, in this article, is not only to show
that what Lewin adopts as a theory of Husserlian time-consciousness is in direct conflict with the understanding produced by contemporary philosophers associated with the Husserl Archives, but also to argue that a better understanding of Husserlian time-consciousness enables us to imagine
the ways in which phenomenological inquiry actually supports Lewin's objectives. First, I clarify the complicated history of Lewin's textual source, Vorlesungen zur Phänomenologie des inneren Zeitbewußtseins, arguing that a failure to take account of the genesis of Husserl's
text brings about a concomitant misinterpretation of its philosophical content. Second, I critique Lewin's reduction of retention and protention to present contents of perceptions, demonstrating that this results in an infinite regress (or "recursive" structure, in Lewin's terms),
and I show that Husserl himself avoids this by investigating the temporal flow of the subject (i. e., as a structure of transcendental subjectivity). Finally, I argue that the Husserlian framework of timeconsciousness provides a productive way to concern ourselves with the creative acts of
music making that Lewin so prizes.
Virtual Web Plant: An Internet-Based Plant Engineering Information System
Authors: Ebbesmeyer Peter , Gausemeier Jürgen , Krumm Holger , Molt Thorsten , Gruß Thomas
Published: December 2020

The European Pressurized Water Reactor Project (EPR) is based on an innovative design concept for a new type of pressurized water reactor. The development of this concept will be carried out by a consortium of international partners and customers based in Germany and France. During the development of the EPR large amounts of up-to-date engineering data (i.e. CAD data, planning documentation) have to be made available to all project partners for presentation and development. This paper describes the web-based tool Virtual Web Plant (VWP), a tool to integrate 3D models from various CAD plant design tools and to display them interactively. The tool receives the data through the Internet. We describe the special advantages of an object-oriented database for the storage of the graphical data are shown. Through the application of object-oriented databases, it is possible to define various views of the logical plant structure, for example. The user is hereby able to navigate easily through both the plant structure and the project documentation. The work presented in this paper is part of a Virtual Reality Research Project of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute and the Siemens AG KWU.
PC Based Data Acquisition, Control, and Analysis of a Heated Cylinder in Cross Flow
Authors: Dini Said , Barnes Andrew , Aflaki Jamshid
Published: December 2020

Automatic data acquisition and control are becoming increasingly important as it offers many advantages like automatic monitoring and control of a process, automatic report generation, and automatic performance evaluation and analysis. All these ultimately lead to improvement in productivity and efficiency. The subject of PC Based Data Acquisition Control has been introduced into the undergraduate curriculum and many existing laboratory experiments have been automated. In this paper, two of these experiments are described.

An Armfield™ combined Convection and Radiation accessory (HT10X) was used to demonstrate combined convection and radiation heat transfer from a cylinder to its surroundings. The heated cylinder experiment was computerized using a Visual Basic™ program, a Gateway series personal computer and a Data Acquisition and Control Unit. The program was written to monitor and control the Heat Transfer Unit (HT14X™). The paper describes the experiments, their interfacing to the computer, and the software. The program controls the voltage, current, upstream air temperature, and rotates the cylinder to measure the local heat transfer coefficient. The results of the analysis are presented in tabular and graphical form.
Data Acquisition System for a Handgun Dynamometer
Authors: Quill James M. , Khosrowjerdi M.
Published: December 2020

In the fields of competition shooting and handgun engineering, it is highly desirable to be able to properly assess and measure handgun recoil. If recoil could be measured, it would be useful to the competition shooter in his continuous quest to evaluate modifications for his equipment and methods. The engineer would benefit since the results of measured testing would quantify the reaction forces present allowing proper stress analysis and the ability to calibrate FEA models. The objective of this project was to design and develop a device capable of measuring recoil forces on multiple independent axes. The device will respond and measure only on the axis the load is applied to.

It was determined that the most cost effective way to meet the design specifications was to utilize strain gage based transducer technology. A custom multiple axes Dynamometer was designed, fabricated and interfaced with the Smith & Wesson CATS (Computer Aided Testing System) data collection system. The system was calibrated and tested with a model 4013TSW pistol and the results were graphed. The results showed peak values of 950 lb. for the horizontal recoil force, 125 ft-lb. for the recoil moment, and 24 ft-lb. for the rifling torque. Taking factors into consideration, these values are close to the expected values. The Dynamometer exhibited ringing at about 310 Hz. due to its natural frequency and required filtering to properly observe the load profile. When low-pass filtered at 100 Hz., the load profile stood out, but the amplitude was attenuated. The net result was that peak values were observed in the standard data, while the load profile and gun signature could be identified in the filtered data. The device was found to be useful for qualitative analysis, but was deemed inadequate for impact and high frequency applications. The Dynamometer could be improved with efforts made to raise the natural frequency and advanced filtering techniques.
An Internet-Based Solution for the Technical Support of Tooling Operations
Authors: Velásquez Maria E. , Velásquez Luis A.
Published: December 2020

A system named Tool Trial System (TTS), which is capable of collating and disseminating information relating to tool trials amongst a variety of user groups, has been developed. In the context of tooling engineers TTS has provided a platform from which it is possible to submit and retrieve highly specific technical tooling data on the World Wide Web. TTS has been developed under a distributed philosophy and it can be downloaded by remote users in the form of Java applets, through any computer with Internet connection and using conventional Java enabled browsers without the requirements of using middle tiers software or hardware between clients and server sides. TTS uses a 100% pure Java driver for remote database access and it was developed using PowerJ, which is a graphical programming tool able to speed up the creation of Java projects. This work demonstrated not only the suitability of the Internet as a distributed computing resource, but more importantly it was possible to look at the ways in which approved data could be analyzed and then applied to cutting data selection within the Process Planning arena.
Modeling Knowledge Structure for Collaborative Engineering
Authors: Zhou Weihua , Jin Yan
Published: December 2020

A collaborative engineering team can be viewed as a collection of human engineers and intelligent computer systems, called intelligent agents. The process of collaborative engineering involves application of knowledge by engineers and intelligent agents, transmitting reports and commands between the engineers, and exchange of information between relevant parties. As engineering problems become more complex and time-to-market more demanding, new technologies must be developed to support knowledge application, decision-making and control, and information exchange. Most of the current research on collaborative engineering support focuses on providing communication and data sharing support for effective coordination. We argue that in order to increase the productivity of collaborative engineering, we need mechanisms that can provide active knowledge level support for engineers. Our research on K1CAD — a Knowledge Infrastructure for Collaborative and Agent-based Design — attempts to develop a network of intelligent agents that capture knowledge from their associated human engineers and provide knowledge level support to them when needed. One important issue involved in developing such a framework is how can we define and assess the role of knowledge and how different ways of organizing knowledge may impact on the overall performance of a collaborative engineering team? In this paper, we introduce the notion of knowledge structure, and present our initial model of knowledge structure that identifies the roles of knowledge and provides measures to assess how knowledge structure may impact on team performance. An example is presented to illustrate some interesting features of the model.
Towards a Collaborative Engineering-Computation Environment: An Application of an Object-Oriented Database to Project Management
Authors: AbdelSalam Hisham M. , Bao Han P.
Published: December 2020

Today’s engineering applications suffer from a severe integration problem. Engineering, i.e. the entire process, consists of a myriad of individual, often complex tasks. Most computer tools support particular tasks in engineering, but the output of one tool is different from the others’. Thus, the user must re-enter the relevant information in the format required by each tool. To achieve a collaborative engineering environment, engineers need some means for relating the information produced by existing software tools. In this paper, a new framework to handle the time-cost trade-off problem in project network is presented. The framework integrates the capabilities of two commercial software, Microsoft Excel™ (spreadsheet), and Microsoft Project™ (project management), with a state-of-the-art knowledge-base called InnerCircle2000™, to solve the mentioned problem interactively.
Signposting: An AI Approach to Supporting Human Decision Making in Design
Authors: Stacey Martin , Clarkson P. John , Eckert Claudia
Published: December 2020

Artificial intelligence provides powerful techniques for formalising the art of engineering problem solving: for modelling products, describing task structures, and representing problem solving expertise as inference knowledge and control knowledge. Signposting systems extend the scope of these methods beyond automatic design by using them to provide both information and guidance for decision-making by human designers. This paper outlines the application of AI methods according to cognitive engineering considerations, to the development of knowledge management tools for engineering design. These tools go beyond conventional knowledge management and decision support approaches by supplying both inference knowledge and strategic problem solving knowledge to the user, as well as information about the state of the design. By focusing on tasks and on the dependencies between design parameters, signposting systems support contingent and flexible organisation of activities. Such tools can support product modelling, design process planning and capturing expert design knowledge, in a form that can be used directly to guide the organisation of design activities and the performance of individual tasks. A key element of this approach is the incremental acquisition of product models, task structures and problem solving knowledge by defining variant cases.
A Product Data Model and Processor Supporting Virtual Product Development
Authors: Wang Fujun , Mills John J.
Published: December 2020

To assemble multiple product components into a product in virtual product development mode, it is necessary to integrate heterogeneous product data models from different CAD applications. This paper proposes a Collaboration-oriented Product Representation Model (CPRM) which is made up of Embodiment Data, Functional Data, Management Data and Reusable Data. The CPRM is a neutral, customizable, understandable and reusable model with self-management capability. The Product Model Processor (PMP) helps a user to wrap a specific CAD model into the CPRM or helps to define the complex model data step by step. The PMP is made up of six modules, a Model Broker, a Neutral Model Definer & Browser, a Model Customizer, a Semantic Encapsulator, a Service Enabler and a Model Manager. The CPRM and PMP are described in this paper.