bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Keeping up with environmental change: The importance of sociality
Authors: Komdeur Jan , Ma Long
Published: September 2021

In the current era of rapid climate change, populations are facing environments in which food availability can quickly decline or become highly unpredictable. These conditions may require a high degree of flexibility of individuals and populations to adequately respond to such changes. We propose that the evolution of such high flexibility may be facilitated in social animals that form groups and cooperate in important tasks that critically affect survival and reproduction and ultimately affect adaptive capacity. We argue that sociality is likely to be a key, yet largely overlooked factor that shapes rather than limits the potential for phenotypic plasticity. Cooperatively breeding species are most suitable for studying the influence of both the physical and the social environmental conditions on shaping the phenotypic plasticity of individuals. Cooperative breeders display variation in group size and structure, and in the extent of cooperation and competition between their members. In addition, immigrants may impose costs and/or benefits on other group members, as well as on the whole group. In cooperative breeders, we elucidate why and how group formation and interactions between group members can provide adaptive benefits to some or all individuals in the group. Observed adjustments in social behaviour may be strategic and ultimately enhance individual fitness benefits, and thus improve group and population persistence. Future studies should examine how ecology and socialitytogethershape the adjustment of animals to rapid and extreme environmental change. In addition to identifying how changes in physical and social factors impact individual behaviour, group formation and sociality, it is crucial to assess associated costs and benefits by exploring the life histories of all group members. Understanding this requires population models, as they integrate all the critical life‐history phases, and different types of sociality. We are confident that future research into the ecology and social dynamics will reveal new avenues for the adaptive ability of cooperative breeders and other social species.
Through a glass darkly? Divergent reactions of eight Lake Tanganyika cichlid species towards their mirror image in their natural environment
Authors: Josi Dario , Frommen Joachim G.
Published: September 2021

Behavioural reactions towards a mirror image are frequently used to measure individual aggression in a standardized way, especially in fishes. However, this approach was criticized recently on several grounds. One point of concern is that mirror tests are often conducted under highly artificial laboratory settings, while there exists a lack of knowledge of how individuals will react towards their reflection in the wild. We measured the responses of eight sympatric lamprologine cichlid species towards their mirror images in their natural environment in Lake Tanganyika. All species reacted by showing aggression towards their mirror image. The occurrence of overt and restrained aggression varied between species, reflecting species‐specific aggressive behaviours. The finding that larger species showed a higher amount of overt attacks further supports this interpretation. A commonality across all species was that aggression escalated over time, resembling behavioural patterns during prolonged aggressive encounters between life opponents with similar resource holding potential. These results shed light on the behaviour of closely related fish species towards their mirror image under natural conditions and contribute knowledge to the ongoing discussion on the suitability of mirror tests when measuring aggression.
Rock pillars shaped by columnar joints in granite at Mt. Mizugaki, Central Japan
Authors: Chigira Masahiro
Published: September 2021

Rock pillars of granite form a special type of characteristic topography in granite, but their origin is not well understood, partly because their 3D morphology has never been well characterized. Rock pillars were investigated at Mt. Mizugaki, which is underlain by Neogene granite that intruded into the Cretaceous accretionary complex in central Japan. Three rock pillars and their surrounding areas were investigated in detail using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images and structure from motion (SfM). The rock pillars were up to 70 m high and were shaped by columnar joints, which has hardly been reported before in granitic rocks. Columnar joints in granite are much larger than columnar joints in volcanic rocks. The columnar joints curved vertically, and some of them showed dipyramid shapes. The large size and curved morphology of the columnar joints may be the result of the slow cooling of the granite, compared to that of volcanic rocks. Thus, the columnar joints at Mt. Mizugaki made large, high rock pillars, which are not common in volcanic rocks.
Beliefs and behaviours of students in health‐related faculties regarding testicular self‐examination
Authors: Karazeybek Ebru , Özdemir Cafer , Temür Büşra Nur , Aksoy Nilgün
Published: September 2021

What are the beliefs and behaviours of men students attending health‐related faculties at a university regarding testicular self‐examination? This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the approaches of men students attending health‐related faculties at a university towards testicular self‐examination, determining their levels of awareness of testicular self‐examination and contributing to early diagnosis of testicular tumours. Testicular cancer is a disease that can result in death if not diagnosed early, but high treatment success rates can be achieved if diagnosed early. Lack of knowledge related to the risks created by testicular cancer and to testicular self‐examination, which is very important for early diagnosis in young men, is revealed to be among the reasons for delay in diagnosis and treatment. The study was conducted between September and November 2019 in health‐related faculties of a state university in southern Turkey. The study universe consisted of a total of 370 men students studying in fourth grade in health‐related faculties nursing, medicine and dentistry. A ‘Descriptive Characteristics Form’ and ‘Champion's Health Belief Model Scale’ were used as data collection tools. Percentage, Levene's test, one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi‐square and eta squared were used to evaluate the data. While 59.6% of students in the nursing faculty stated that they had previously received information related to testicular self‐examination, 72% of students in the medical faculty and 67.7% of students in the dentistry faculty stated that they had not previously received information about this issue. Among students in the nursing faculty who had received information, it was determined that 75.0% had learnt about it in lessons and that 45.9% had performed testicular self‐examination. Regarding the arithmetic means of the sub‐dimension scores of the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale according to faculty attended, there was a significant difference in the benefits (F(2,168) = 4.915; p = 0.08), barriers (F(2,168) = 4.831; p = 0.09) and self‐efficacy/confident (F(2,168) = 5.816; p = 0.04) sub‐dimensions. The study revealed that testicular self‐examination implementation rates and attitudes towards testicular self‐examination among university students studying at health‐related faculties were low.
Assessment and management of newly diagnosed classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a consensus practice statement from the Australasian Lymphoma Alliance
Authors: Cochrane Tara , Campbell Belinda A. , Gangatharan Shane A. , Latimer Maya , Khor Richard , Christie David R. H. , Gilbertson Michael , Ratnasingam Sumita , Palfreyman Emma , Lee Hui‐Peng , Trotman Judith , Hertzberg Mark , Dickinson Michael
Published: September 2021

The management of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has undergone significant changes in recent years. Due to the predilection of HL to affect younger patients, balancing cure and treatment‐related morbidity is a constant source of concern for physicians and patients alike. Positron emission tomography adapted therapy has been developed for both early and advanced stage HL to try and improve the outcome of treatment, while minimising toxicities. The aim of this review is to digest the plethora of studies recently conducted and provide some clear, evidence‐based practice statements to simplify the management of HL.
The agents of justice
Authors: Hickey Colin , Meijers Tim , Robeyns Ingrid , Timmer Dick
Published: September 2021

The complexities of how justice comes to be realized, and by which agents, is a relatively neglected element in contemporary theories of justice. This has left several crucial questions about agency and justice undertheorized, such as why some particular agents are responsible for realizing justice, how their contribution towards realizing justice should be understood, and what role agents such as activists and community leaders play in realizing justice. We aim to contribute towards a better understanding of the landscape of these kinds of questions. First, we argue that theorists should distinguish between (i) agents who are responsible for realizing justice, but not committed to it, (ii) agents who are not responsible for realizing justice, but who are committed to it, and (iii) agents who are both responsible for and committed to realizing justice. Second, we discuss how to incorporate agents of justice more robustly into theorizing about justice.
An autopsy case study of lymphocytic hypophysitis induced by nivolumab treatment for esophageal malignant melanoma
Authors: Okabe Naota , Kobayashi Takaaki , Furuse Junji , Fujiwara Masachika , Kamma Hiroshi
Published: September 2021

Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti‐cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 and anti‐programmed death‐1 antibodies are effective against malignant tumors. However, they induce unique adverse events known as immune‐related adverse events. Hypophysitis is one of the most frequent immune‐related adverse events of anti‐cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 therapies. However, there have been few reports describing the pathological findings of hypophysitis induced by anti‐programmed death‐1 antibodies. The present case is the first autopsy case of hypophysitis induced by nivolumab monotherapy, an anti‐programmed death‐1 antibody. Pathologically, lymphocytes infiltrated the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and the number of pituitary cells, especially adrenocorticotropic hormone‐positive cells, decreased. However, necrosis and remarkable fibrosis were not observed. Immunohistologically, some pituitary cells expressed programmed death‐ligand 1. Lymphocytes were predominantly CD8‐positive T cells, and CD68‐positive macrophages and CD20‐positive B‐cells were also observed. IgG and C4d were deposited on pituitary cells, but IgG4 (a subclass of nivolumab) was not detected. These findings indicate that type IVc and type II hypersensitivity mechanisms may occur in hypophysitis induced by anti‐programmed death‐1 antibodies and that the inflammatory mechanisms underlying hypophysitis induced by anti‐programmed death‐1 and anti‐cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 antibodies are different.
Recovering Australia's arid‐zone ecosystems: learning from continental‐scale rabbit control experiments
Authors: Finlayson Graeme , Taggart Patrick , Cooke Brian
Published: September 2021

Introduced rabbits are a continuing threat to native Australian flora and fauna. Three interventions using biological control agents, myxomatosis, European rabbit fleas, and rabbit hemorrhagic disease, have reduced rabbit abundance and kept numbers low over the last 70 years. We considered the benefits of biological control for native fauna to put the role of rabbits in influencing vegetation cover, food supply, and predation into better perspective. Numerous examples exist demonstrating increases in native vegetation and the expansion and recovery of native animal populations at landscape scales following intense rabbit suppression. Ongoing research on methods for supplementing the impact of biological control agents and managing introduced predators are needed to restore Australia's arid‐zone ecosystems. However, many biologists and rangeland managers first need to reevaluate the misconception that removing rabbits also introduces other serious and insurmountable problems such as prey‐switching by introduced cats and foxes.
A review of White‐centering practices in multiracial research in social psychology
Authors: Garay Maria M. , Remedios Jessica D.
Published: September 2021

Multiracial people—those whose racial ancestry is comprised of two or more races—have always had a presence in the United States. However, since the recent US Census shift to allow people to identify with multiple racial groups, social psychologists have shown increased interest in multiracial identity. However, we argue multiracial research tends to emphasize the perceptions, thoughts, and interests of White people through White‐centering research practices, which reproduces racial inequality. To understand how multiracial research within social psychology has been shaped by White‐centering research practices, we reviewed literature in social psychology examining multiraciality. We show that White‐centering practices exist within this literature and explore how White‐centering research practices lead to misrepresentations of the conclusions that may be drawn from multiracial research, underscoring how these conclusions affirm racial power or Whiteness. We suggest Critical Race Psychology as a possible framework to help dismantle the affirmation of Whiteness in multiracial research.
Cross-cultural adaptations of the Family Resilience Assessment Scale: a systematic review protocol of measurement properties
Authors: Laporte Geneviève , De Clifford-Faugère Gwenaëlle , Aita Marilyn
Published: September 2021

Objective:

This review aims to critically appraise the measurement properties and adaptation processes of all cross-cultural adaptations of the Family Resilience Assessment Scale.

Background:

A number of family resilience instruments have been developed over the past decade; however, the Family Resilience Assessment Scale reports the best psychometric properties among populations with health issues. Since its publication in 2005, numerous translations and adaptations have been undertaken to use this scale with culturally diverse populations. A systematic review of the properties of the Family Resilience Assessment Scale's cross-cultural adaptations is needed to evaluate the adapted versions’ quality (validity, reliability, and responsiveness).

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider validation and cross-cultural adaptation studies of the Family Resilience Assessment Scale as well as research publications reporting psychometric properties of cross-cultural adaptations in specific populations.

Methods:

Nine databases will be consulted: CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, PubPsych, Health and Psychosocial Instruments database, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. The search will be limited to publications since 2005 without language restrictions. Articles will be screened by two independent reviewers and will undergo risk of bias assessment. The measurement properties of retrieved instruments will be assessed following COSMIN guidelines. Data extraction will be piloted and completed by two independent reviewers using an adapted extraction form. Psychometric properties will be reported in a narrative synthesis and supported by a summary table.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42020219938
Parameter Identification From Normal and Pathological Middle Ears Using a Tailored Parameter Identification Algorithm
Authors: Sackmann Benjamin , Eberhard Peter , Lauxmann Michael
Published: September 2021

Current clinical practice is often unable to identify the causes of conductive hearing loss in the middle ear with sufficient certainty without exploratory surgery. Besides the large uncertainties due to interindividual variances, only partially understood cause–effect principles are a major reason for the hesitant use of objective methods such as wideband tympanometry in diagnosis, despite their high sensitivity to pathological changes. For a better understanding of objective metrics of the middle ear, this study presents a model that can be used to reproduce characteristic changes in metrics of the middle ear by altering local physical model parameters linked to the anatomical causes of a pathology. A finite-element model is, therefore, fitted with an adaptive parameter identification algorithm to results of a temporal bone study with stepwise and systematically prepared pathologies. The fitted model is able to reproduce well the measured quantities reflectance, impedance, umbo and stapes transfer function for normal ears and ears with otosclerosis, malleus fixation, and disarticulation. In addition to a good representation of the characteristic influences of the pathologies in the measured quantities, a clear assignment of identified model parameters and pathologies consistent with previous studies is achieved. The identification results highlight the importance of the local stiffness and damping values in the middle ear for correct mapping of pathological characteristics and address the challenges of limited measurement data and wide parameter ranges from the literature. The great sensitivity of the model with respect to pathologies indicates a high potential for application in model-based diagnosis.
Simplified Mechanical Tests Can Simulate Physiological Mechanics of a Fixation Construct for Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures
Authors: Chen Xiang , Myers Casey A. , Clary Chadd W. , DeWall Ryan J. , Fritz Bryan , Blauth Michael , Rullkoetter Paul J.
Published: September 2021

Plate fractures after fixation of a Vancouver Type B1 periprosthetic femoral fracture (PFF) are difficult to treat and could lead to severe disability. However, due to the lack of direct measurement of in vivo performance of the PFF fixation construct, it is unknown whether current standard mechanical tests or previous experimental and computational studies have appropriately reproduced the in vivo mechanics of the plate. To provide a basis for the evaluation and development of appropriate mechanical tests for assessment of plate fracture risk, this study applied loads of common activities of daily living (ADLs) to implanted femur finite element (FE) models with PFF fixation constructs with an existing or a healed PFF. Based on FE simulated plate mechanics, the standard four-point-bend test adequately matched the stress state and the resultant bending moment in the plate as compared with femur models with an existing PFF. In addition, the newly developed constrained three-point-bend tests were able to reproduce plate stresses in models with a healed PFF. Furthermore, a combined bending and compression cadaveric test was appropriate for risk assessment including both plate fracture and screw loosening after the complete healing of PFF. The result of this study provides the means for combined experimental and computational preclinical evaluation of PFF fixation constructs.
Average Modeling and Nonlinear Observer Design for Pneumatic Actuators With On/Off Solenoid Valves
Authors: Laib Khaled , Pham Minh Tu , Lin-Shi Xuefang , Meghnous Rédha
Published: September 2021

This paper presents a state-averaged model and the design of nonlinear observers for an on/off pneumatic actuator. The actuator is composed of two chambers and four on/off solenoid valves. The elaborated state-averaged model has the advantage of using only one continuous input instead of four binary inputs. Based on this new model, a high-gain observer and a sliding-mode observer are designed using the actuator position and the pressure measurements in one of the chambers. Finally, their closed-loop performance is verified and compared on an experimental benchmark.
Research on Creep Behavior of Three-Point Bending Specimen With Fixed Constraints at the Large Deformation Stage
Authors: Han Xiao , Yu Hai-Yang , Zhou Guo-Yan , Zhuang Fa-Kun , Tu Shan-Tung
Published: September 2021

Three-point bending specimen with fixed constraints is a novel small specimen test technique, which can simultaneously obtain creep deformation and creep fracture data. However, the current research only focused on the small deformation theoretical analysis, which is contrary to the actual experiment results. In this study, the general deformation theory was introduced to analyze creep deformation behavior of three-point bending specimen with fixed constraints at the large deformation stage. Based on this theory, the equivalent stress and strain were analyzed. Then, the feasibility and accuracy were verified by comparing with the experimental data of A7N01 aluminum alloy at 380 °C. The results show that the regressed creep parameters agree well with those from the uni-axial ones. It can be found that the equivalent stress obtained by the general deformation theory can be well used to life prediction analysis of A7N01 aluminum alloy.
Coupling morphological and magnetic anisotropy for assembling tetragonal colloidal crystals
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Qian Chang , Xu Wenjing , Zhu Chenhui , Yin Yadong
Published: September 2021

Nanorods can be magnetically assembled into tetragonal colloidal crystals along a size-dependent critical angle.
Programmable light-driven swimming actuators via wavelength signal switching
Authors: Hou Kai , Guan Dongshi , Li Hangyu , Sun Yongqi , Long Yue , Song Kai
Published: September 2021

Wavelength-selective actuators show multi-directional Marangoni effect–based swimming and direct measurement of driving force.
Broadband acoustic invisibility and illusions
Authors: Becker Theodor S. , van Manen Dirk-Jan , Haag Thomas , Bärlocher Christoph , Li Xun , Börsing Nele , Curtis Andrew , Serra-Garcia Marc , Robertsson Johan O. A.
Published: September 2021

The active manipulation of sound waves replaces physical with virtual media to create acoustic invisibility and illusions.
The Composition, Structure, and Origin of Carbonate Concretions Sampled in the South Kambalnyi Central Thermal Field, Kamchatka
Authors: Rychagov S. N. , Sandimirova E. I. , Chernov M. S. , Kravchenko O. V. , Kartasheva E. V.
Published: September 2021

Carbonate concretions are formed at the base of a sequence of hydrothermal clay in the South Kambalnyi Central Thermal Field situated in the southern part of the Kambalnyi volcanic mountain range, Kamchatka. The concretions have complex chemical and mineral compositions: apart from aragonite which is the main component of each layer, the chemical compounds identified there include oxides of iron and silicon, sulfates of calcium and barium, sulfides of iron and other metals, carbonates of iron and manganese, siliceous ferromanganese formations, nitrogen compounds, and phosphates of calcium and rare metals. The concretions have diverse structures and textures that indicate a multiphase character of formation for these mineral aggregates. It is thought that their formation was due to the discharge of deep-seated alkaline metalliferous solutions in a zone of rock argillization of the South Kambalnyi Central Thermal Field.
Normalish Amenable Subgroups of the R. Thompson Groups
Authors: Bleak Collin
Published: September 2021

Results in [Formula: see text] algebras, of Matte Bon and Le Boudec, and of Haagerup and Olesen, apply to the R. Thompson groups [Formula: see text]. These results together show that [Formula: see text] is non-amenable if and only if [Formula: see text] has a simple reduced [Formula: see text]-algebra.

In further investigations into the structure of [Formula: see text]-algebras, Breuillard, Kalantar, Kennedy, and Ozawa introduce the notion of a normalish subgroup of a group [Formula: see text]. They show that if a group [Formula: see text] admits no non-trivial finite normal subgroups and no normalish amenable subgroups then it has a simple reduced [Formula: see text]-algebra. Our chief result concerns the R. Thompson groups [Formula: see text]; we show that there is an elementary amenable group [Formula: see text] [where here, [Formula: see text]] with [Formula: see text] normalish in [Formula: see text].

The proof given uses a natural partial action of the group [Formula: see text] on a regular language determined by a synchronising automaton in order to verify a certain stability condition: once again highlighting the existence of interesting intersections of the theory of [Formula: see text] with various forms of formal language theory.
The multiplication of distributions in the study of delta shock wave for a hyperbolic system of Temple class
Authors: Shen Chun , Sun Meina
Published: September 2021

The Riemann problem for a hyperbolic system of conservation laws belonging to Temple class is considered within frame of [Formula: see text]-solutions based on the concept of solutions defined in the setting of a distributional product. We obtain all the possible discontinuous solutions within a convenient space of distributions that contains Dirac delta measures and discontinuous functions. In addition, an interesting discontinuous solution is found for certain Riemann initial conditions, in which the Dirac delta measure is involved in both of the two state variables simultaneously. As an application, a detailed example for the mentioned system but involving a linear damping term is provided, in which the trajectories of discontinuous solutions including contact discontinuity, shock wave and delta shock wave change in exponential forms.
Fusion dynamics of 12C with 92Zr and 194,198Pt targets at energies lying in the neighbourhood of Coulomb barrier
Authors: Vijay  , Chahal Rishi Pal , Duhan Sukhvinder , Khatri Hitender , Gautam Manjeet Singh
Published: September 2021

This work theoretically analyzed the role played by intrinsic degrees of freedom of the colliding partners and/or nucleon transfer channel in the fusion dynamics of [Formula: see text]C + [Formula: see text]Zr and [Formula: see text]C + [Formula: see text]Pt reactions. The theoretical calculations for the chosen reactions have been done by using symmetric–asymmetric Gaussian barrier distribution (SAGBD) model, coupled channel code CCFULL and one-dimensional Wong formula. The fusion excitation functions for these reactions are enhanced at energies lying in the sub-barrier regions with respect to calculations based on one-dimensional Wong formula. Such enhancement can be ascribed to the involvement of the low-lying inelastic surface excitations of the colliding systems and some other favored channels. The CCFULL calculations consider the couplings to low lying vibrational states of target isotopes and hence intimate the dominance of the collective excitations associated with the fusing partners. For all the studied reactions, the SAGBD model adequately addresses the sub-barrier fusion dynamics and thus the impacts of nuclear structure degrees of freedom associated with the collision partners are intrinsically incorporated via single Gaussian type of weight function. In the SAGBD approach, the nuclear structure effects are analyzed in terms of channel coupling parameter [Formula: see text] and percentage reduction of effective fusion barrier [Formula: see text] with reference to the Coulomb barrier. The larger values for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] imply that the channel couplings due to internal structure of participants are significant at below barrier energies. The CCFULL calculations and SAGBD predictions consistently explain the fusion dynamics of chosen systems and hence reveal that both models have almost similar predictive power with respect to reported fusion data.
Discussion on Optimality Conditions of Fuzzy Optimal Control Problems
Authors: Borzabadi A. H. , Heidari M.
Published: September 2021

In this study, a novel methodology for detecting fuzzy optimal solutions of fuzzy optimal control problems governed by fuzzy differential equations is presented. For this purpose, first the concept of optimal solution is proposed by considering a partial ordering on fuzzy numbers space which is based on a new parametric representation for α-level set of fuzzy numbers. Using this partial ordering and parametric representation, the discussed fuzzy optimal control problems are reduced to general optimal control problems in parametric form. Then by Pontryagin’s principle, a candidate for the solution of the original problem is derived. The procedure of extracting candidate solution is illustrated for two experimental problems, which improve the recent results of Refs. 10 and 17.
Using Negative Ideas as a Tool to Maximize Positive Influence in Trust Social Networks
Authors: Golmankhaneh Hanieh Asadi , Hamzeh Ali
Published: September 2021

Influence Maximization (IM) is the problem of finding k influential nodes in a network to increase the spread or influence of a specific matter. It has been an amazing topic through recent years. Later studies proposed algorithms and heuristics to either accelerate seed selection process or introduce new diffusion models. Two of important aspects in diffusion are trust and time. There have been several studies in either aspect, but to our best knowledge there is a great lack in considering both time and trust together in articles. Still one other important problem is the propagation of negative ideas. It is obvious that we cannot neglect this type of effects and must find a way to reduce it or “USE” it in a wise way. We chose to use this effect against their selves and maximize the positive effect. In addition, we considered time constraint to better sculpt the real world in our diffusion model. We used a greedy based framework to select seed nodes. By utilizing an approximation for marginal influence, the seed selection process is accelerated. Comparing with other related methods, results show the superiority of our proposed method while dealing with two important and complex matters.
A Novel Nonlinear Control for Uncertain Polynomial Type-2 Fuzzy Systems (Case Study: Cart-Pole System)
Authors: Wang Jidong , Xu Chunxiang , Tavoosi Jafar
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a new nonlinear adaptive control method for controlling the polynomial type-2 fuzzy systems with uncertain parameters is presented. In this paper, it is assumed that the vector state of the system is not always available, and so it is necessary to first use the observer and, while stabilizing the system, control it with minimal error. The control gain is calculated by using least squares in such a way that the vector of the polynomial type-2 fuzzy system state vector follows the state of a stable reference system. In the simulation, the cart-pole system is considered. This nonlinear complex system first converts to a polynomial type-2 fuzzy model and then is well controlled by the proposed method. Also, changes in parameters and the effect of disturbance have also been studied. The results show that the proposed method is effective.
Cubic–quartic polarized optical solitons and conservation laws for perturbed Fokas–Lenells model
Authors: Zayed Elsayed M. E. , Alngar Mohamed E. M. , El-Horbaty Mahmoud M. , Biswas Anjan , Kara Abdul H. , Yıldırım Yakup , Khan Salam , Alzahrani Abdullah Khamis , Belic Milivoj R.
Published: September 2021

This paper studies polarized cubic–quartic solitons that are modeled by Fokas–Lenells equation in birefringent fibers. Two integration schemes recovered a spectrum of soliton solutions to the model. Subsequently, the bright solitons compute the corresponding conserved quantities from the respective densities that are recovered by the multiplier approach.
Dynamic Performance Analysis of a High-Speed Railway Bridge Under Train Actions Using Operational Modal Parameters
Authors: Yang Xiao-Mei , Qu Chun-Xu , Yi Ting-Hua , Li Hong-Nan , Liu Hua
Published: September 2021

For high-speed railway bridges in operation, it is necessary to reveal the coupling dynamic performance of train–bridge systems in order to avoid extreme vibrations, which are not conducive to bridge safety. With the opening of long-span heavy-haul and complex-type bridges to traffic, the train–bridge interaction can hardly be explained by a mature and unified theory. Notably, field testing and monitoring analysis have become popular in tracking the dynamic performance of train–bridge systems. The vibration of railway bridges depends on the train-track configuration and the inherent characteristics of bridges. The inherent characteristics of bridges, which are reflected by the modal parameters, are extracted via operational modal analysis in this paper. In addition, the modal characteristics of bridges while the train is passing through are also investigated to explain the coupling dynamic effect with the help of the train configuration. Considering that the measured vibration responses are seriously polluted by non-white noise or excitation, the variational mode decomposition (VMD) technique is developed to extract the state-driven vibrations for modal analysis. Since VMD is a univariate technique that hardly ensures that the weak component can be obtained from each measuring channel, the multi-channel variational mode decomposition (MVDM) technique is extended in this paper. The field monitoring data of a high-speed railway bridge are taken for modal identification and vibration analysis. The results show that the weak structural modes can be tracked, even though the forced vibrations due to the passage of regularly spaced axles are dominant. In addition, the dynamic effects in train-induced vertical vibrations of bridges are closely related to the train speed, heavy axle loads and the span length.
Cosmological implications in f(P) gravity
Authors: Saleem Muhammad , Khan Zoya , Jawad Abdul , Manzoor Rubab , Ahmed Wakeel
Published: September 2021

In the framework of [Formula: see text] gravity, we examine the nature of cosmological parameters by choosing different models of [Formula: see text] gravity at past, present as well as future epoch for Hubble parameter from parameterized deceleration parameters. It is found that equation of state parameter leads to quintessence behavior and its ranges lie within Planck data for different constraints. We also study the squared sound speed and the thermodynamics for specific choice of constants. The squared sound speed corresponds to the viable results. Similarly, the validity of GSLT is also investigated for both linear and nonlinear models of [Formula: see text] theory. However, the thermal equilibrium condition holds for both [Formula: see text] models for specific choice of constants.
Self-similar cosmological solutions in f(R,T) gravity theory
Authors: Belinchón José Antonio , González Carlos , Dib Sami
Published: September 2021

We study the [Formula: see text] cosmological models under the self-similarity hypothesis. We determine the exact form that each physical and geometrical quantity may take in order that the field equations (FE) admit exact self-similar (SS) solutions through the matter collineation approach. We study two models: the case [Formula: see text] and the case [Formula: see text]. In each case, we state general theorems which determine completely the form of the unknown functions [Formula: see text] such that the FE admit SS solutions. We also state some corollaries as limiting cases. These results are quite general and valid for any homogeneous SS metric[Formula: see text] In this way, we are able to generate new cosmological scenarios. As examples, we study two cases by finding exact solutions to these particular models.
Threat Intelligence Quality Dimensions for Research and Practice
Authors: Zibak Adam , Sauerwein Clemens , Simpson Andrew C.
Published: September 2021

As the adoption and diversity of threat intelligence solutions continue to grow, questions about their effectiveness, particularly in regards to the quality of the data they provide, remain unanswered. Several studies have highlighted data quality issues as one of the most common barriers to effective threat intelligence sharing. Furthermore, research and practice lack a common understanding of the expected quality of threat intelligence. To investigate these issues, our research utilised a systematic literature review followed by a modified Delphi study that involved 30 threat intelligence experts in Europe. We identified a set of threat intelligence quality dimensions along with revised definitions for
threat data
,
information,
and
intelligence
.
Blood pressure oscillations impact signal-averaged sympathetic transduction of blood pressure: implications for the association with resting sympathetic outflow
Authors: Nardone Massimo , Katerberg Carlin , Incognito Anthony V. , Teixeira André L. , Vianna Lauro C. , Millar Philip J.
Published: September 2021

The current signal-averaging technique for calculating sympathetic transduction of blood pressure does not consider the arterial pressure at which each muscle sympathetic burst occurs. A burst firing when mean arterial pressure is above the operating pressure was associated with a decrease in blood pressure. Thus, individuals with higher muscle sympathetic nerve activity demonstrate a reduced sympathetic transduction owing to the weighted contribution of more sympathetic bursts at higher levels of arterial pressure.
Expired Chicken Egg-White Extract’s Adsorption Behavior As a Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in 1M HCl
Authors: Elqars Esseddik , Guennoun Mohamed , Aicha Ouarhach  , Sqalli Houssini Noufissa , Elhafdi Mohammed , Essadki Abdelhafid , Ait chaoui Mohamed , Nbigui Taibi
Published: September 2021

The inhibitory activity of the expired egg-white carbon steel (CS) extract in HCl solution was studied in this article. The extract was examined using FT-IR, and the surface was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Weight loss techniques at various temperatures were used to examine corrosion investigations (298, 308, 318, and 328 K), concentrations (100, 200, 400, and 800 mg. L−1) of extracts, and electrochemical measurements (potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at 25°C and different concentrations. Results. Results obtained through EIS demonstrated a maximal inhibition efficiency of 90% at an inhibitor concentration of 800 mg. L−1. Moreover, the findings of the potentiodynamic polarization indicated that egg-white extract was a mixed type of inhibitor and slowed down both cathodic and anodic reactions. For weight loss analysis, an inhibitory potency (89, 83, 77, and 71%) at various temperatures (298, 308, 318, and 328 K) was demonstrated, respectively. It indicates that the temperature rise contributes to a decrease in the resistance of the carbon steel. The adsorption of the expired egg-white extract was spontaneous with physisorption and chemisorption according to the Langmuir isotherm model, according to adsorption isotherm studies.
An Improved Nonlinear Aerodynamic Derivative Model of Aircraft at High Angles of Attack
Authors: Baigang Mi , Jingyi Yu
Published: September 2021

The classical aerodynamic derivative model is widely used in flight dynamics, but its application is extremely limited in cases with complicated nonlinear flows, especially at high angles of attack. A modified nonlinear aerodynamic derivative model for predicting unsteady aerodynamic forces and moments at a high angle of attack is developed in this study. We first extend the higher-order terms to describe the nonlinear characteristics and then introduce three more influence parameters, the initial angle of attack, the reduced frequency, and the oscillation amplitude, to correct the constant aerodynamic derivative terms that have higher-order polynomials for these values. The improved nonlinear aerodynamic derivative model was validated by using the NACA 0015 airfoil and the F-18 model. The results show that the improved model has a higher prediction ability at high angles of attack and has the ability to predict the aerodynamic characteristics of other unknown states based on known unsteady aerodynamic data, such as the initial angle of attack, reduced frequency, and oscillation amplitude.
Study on Characteristics of the Vibration and Noise of High‐Power Scroll Compressor
Authors: Wang Chuang , Wang Zhen , Yan Weiguo , Li Hongkun , Yang Chunli
Published: September 2021

With the rapid development of a high‐power scroll compressor (HSC), the dynamic performance of a scroll compressor has an important impact on the vibration and noise of the whole compressor. So, the dynamic characteristics and structural acoustic radiation characteristics of HSC under dynamic excitation are studied by simulation and experiment in this paper. Firstly, the dynamic simulation model of HSC is established to analyze the time‐domain and frequency‐domain characteristics of bearing excitation and upper support excitation. At the same time, the finite element models of housing, upper support, and lower support are constructed to analyze the transient dynamic response of housing under the excitation source. Based on the vibration displacement of the housing surface, the prediction model of the housing radiated noise is also established, and then the radiated noise of the housing surface and the noise spectrum of the standardized test points are analyzed. Finally, the accuracy of the prediction model is verified by acoustic experiments. The experimental results show that the vibration and radiation noise of the housing can be accurately predicted by reasonable modeling to calculate the gas force and approximate the actual gas load. The vibration of the housing coupling system is the main source of the vibration characteristics of the HSC. The conclusions of the study can provide a reference for the low noise design of the HSC.
Creep Characteristics of Different Saturated States of Red Sandstone after Freeze-Thaw Cycles
Authors: Che Yongxin , Song Yongjun , Ren Jianxi , Chen Jiaxing , Guo Xixi , Tan Hao , Hu Mengling
Published: September 2021

To investigate the creep mechanical characteristics of rocks in different saturated states after freeze-thaw cycles, samples with different saturations (30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, and 100%) were selected for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and uniaxial compression creep tests. The internal microscopic damage of the rock sample and mechanical characteristics under long-term loading are analyzed after the action of freeze-thaw cycles. The test results show that, as the saturation increases, the T2 spectrum distribution shifts to the right. The spectrum area gradually increases as the porosity increases. The critical saturation of freeze-thaw damage occurs when the saturation increases from 70% to 90%. It can be seen from the SEM image that the number of pores inside the rock samples gradually increases with increases in saturation, leading to the appearance of cracks. Under long-term loading, the saturation has a significant influence on the time-efficiency characteristics of sandstone freeze-thaw. As the saturation increases, the creep deformation gradually increases. After reaching 70%, the axial creep strain increases significantly. The rate of creep is accelerated, the creep failure stress is reduced, and the creep time under the last level of stress is significantly increased. A modified viscous-plastic body is connected in series to the basic Burgers model, the freeze-thaw-damage viscous element is introduced, and the creep parameters are fitted using test data. The results will provide a reference for long-term antifreeze design for rock engineering in cold areas.
The Relieving Effects of a Polyherb-Based Dietary Supplement ColonVita on Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) in Older Adults with Chronic Gastrointestinal Symptoms Are Influenced by Age and Cardiovascular Disease: A 12-Week Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Xu Gang , Xing Guoqiang , Zhang Bing , Zhu Jingfen , Cai Yong , Shen Tian , Rao Jianyu , Shi Rong , Cao Zhaochun , Nguyen Tuong
Published: September 2021

Chronic gastrointestinal symptoms (CGS) negatively affect the quality of life in about 15–30% of the population without effective drugs. Recent studies suggest that dietary supplement may improve CGS, but inconsistent results exist. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of a polyherbal-based supplement ColonVita on the gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI) in 100 old adults with CGS (63.1 ± 9.6 years) who were randomly assigned to daily ColonVita or placebo tablets (n = 50/group) for 12 weeks in a double-blind, randomized controlled trial design. No significant fibrdifferences were found between ColonVita and placebo in the baseline total GIQLI score (101.12 ± 16.87 vs. 101.80 ± 16.48) (

P
>
0.05

) or postintervention total GIQLI score (114.78 ± 9.62 vs. 111.74 ± 13.01) (

P
>
0.05

). However, ColonVita significantly improved 16 scores of the 19 core GI symptoms compared with 10 items improved by placebo. The ColonVita group significantly improved the remission rate of 5 core GI symptoms compared to placebo and significantly improved the total GIQLI scores (118.09 ± 7.88 vs. 109.50 ± 16.71) (

P
<
0.05

) and core GI symptom scores (64.61 ± 3.99 vs. 60.00 ± 8.65) (

P
<
0.05

) in people ≥60 years of age (n = 49) but not in those under 60 y (n = 51). ColonVita significantly improved the total GIQLI scores and core GI symptom scores in people without cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (n = 56) (116.74 ± 9.38 vs. 110.10 ± 14.28) (

P
<
0.05

) and (63.11 ± 4.53 vs. 59.93 ± 8.03) (

P
=
0.07

), respectively, but not in those with CVD (n = 44). Thus, ColonVita was beneficial for old adults with CGS, especially those ≥60 years of age and without CVD. Because a heterogenous pathogenesis of CGS-like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (ISD) is differentially associated with CVD, different comorbidities may have influenced the outcomes of different trials that should be controlled in further studies.
Experimental Study on the Formation and Characteristics of Mud Filtration Cake in Large‐Diameter Slurry Shield Tunneling
Authors: Kou Lei , Zhao Jinjie , Lian Fanglei , Miao Ronghu
Published: September 2021

Multiple soil layers may be exposed simultaneously on the excavated surface of a large‐diameter slurry shield. To study the formation and characteristics of mud filtration cake on the excavation surface during large‐diameter slurry shield tunneling, penetration tests of mud slurries in different soils were carried out using a self‐made device, and the microstructures of different mud filtration cakes were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The test results showed that there were three categories of filling forms for mud slurries permeating the soils: mud filtration cake, mud cake + permeation zone, and permeation zone; correspondingly, there were three types of filtration loss, which was mainly affected by the specific gravity of mud slurry. Finally, the porosity and the fractal dimension for the pore area of the mud filtration cake were calculated, and it is found that the fractal dimension of pore area is beneficial to classify the type of mud filtration cake.