bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tobacco Control Stakeholder Perspectives on the Future of Tobacco Marketing Regulation in Indonesia: A Modified Delphi Study
Authors: Astuti Putu Ayu Swandewi , Assunta Mary , Freeman Becky
Published: August 2021

Objectives: Tobacco control in Indonesia is very lenient compared to international standards. This study explored the perspectives of tobacco control stakeholders (TCSs) on the likelihood of advancing tobacco marketing regulation in Indonesia.Methods: Data were collected from TCSs who were members of the Indonesia Tobacco Control Network group in a modified Delphi study. We collected the data in 2 waves using a questionnaire that comprised a set of closed and open-ended questions. For this paper, we analysed 2 of the 3 sections of the questionnaire: (1) tobacco advertising, promotions, and sponsorship (TAPS) bans, and (2) marketing and retailing regulations. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the scores using Stata/IC.13 and summarised the comments for each item.Results: The TCSs viewed the measures/strategies across all aspects of TAPS and tobacco marketing regulation as highly desirable, but provided varied responses on their feasibility. They rated political feasibility lower than technical feasibility for most measures. Advancing TAPS measures and prohibition of selling to minors were considered more attainable by sub-national governments, while prohibition of tobacco corporate social responsibility was considered as the least feasible measure in the next 5 years.Conclusions: Despite little optimism for substantial national-level change, there is a positive expectation that sub-national governments will strengthen their tobacco control regulation. It is paramount that the government reduce tobacco industry leverage by implementing Article 5.3 of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Extending advocacy networks beyond tobacco control groups and framing tobacco control more effectively are necessary steps.
Public Preferences for Allocation Principles for Scarce Medical Resources in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea: Comparisons With Ethicists’ Recommendations
Authors: Lee Ji-Su , Kim Soyun , Do Young Kyung
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate public preferences regarding allocation principles for scarce medical resources in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, particularly in comparison with the recommendations of ethicists.Methods: An online survey was conducted with a nationally representative sample of 1509 adults residing in Korea, from November 2 to 5, 2020. The degree of agreement with resource allocation principles in the context of the medical resource constraints precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic was examined. The results were then compared with ethicists’ recommendations. We also examined whether the perceived severity of COVID-19 explained differences in individual preferences, and by doing so, whether perceived severity helps explain discrepancies between public preferences and ethicists’ recommendations.Results: Overall, the public of Korea agreed strongly with the principles of “save the most lives,” “Koreans first,” and “sickest first,” but less with “random selection,” in contrast to the recommendations of ethicists. “Save the most lives” was given the highest priority by both the public and ethicists. Higher perceived severity of the pandemic was associated with a greater likelihood of agreeing with allocation principles based on utilitarianism, as well as those promoting and rewarding social usefulness, in line with the opinions of expert ethicists.Conclusions: The general public of Korea preferred rationing scarce medical resources in the COVID-19 pandemic predominantly based on utilitarianism, identity and prioritarianism, rather than egalitarianism. Further research is needed to explore the reasons for discrepancies between public preferences and ethicists’ recommendations.
MultichannelGPR – A New MATLAB-Tool for the Processing of GPR Data
Authors: Wunderlich Tina
Published: August 2021

– A MATLAB collection of scripts for processing of multichannel GPR data is provided. For easy access to the data during processing it is saved in mat-format.– The program handles import, processing, binning and visualisation of GPR data.
What Lies Beneath the Surface? Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery to Map Submerged Archaeological Landscapes
Authors: Guyot Alexandre , Lennon Marc , Stéphan Pierre , Péres Thibaut , Hascoët Marie , Daire Marie-Yvane , Hubert-Moy Laurence
Published: August 2021

– Introducing a new method for mapping submerged archaeological landscapes.– Airborne hyperspectral data allows estimation of bottom depth and reflectance for archaeological surveys in shallow waters.
The Effect of Remanence in Magnetometer Prospection
Authors: Hahn Sandra , Fassbinder Jörg W. E.
Published: August 2021

– Comparison of synthetic magnetograms of dipoles with an illustrative case study.– Remanence explains different anomaly patterns of magnetic dipoles.– The remanence, therefore the total magnetisation, can point in any direction if not acquired in-situ.
Urban Investigations in the Heart of Rome: The Rome Transformed Project
Authors: Kay Stephen , Haynes Ian , Liverani Paolo , Piro Salvatore , Pomar Elena , Morelli Gianfranco
Published: August 2021

– Investigating the archaeology of Rome between first and eight centuries using non-invasive techniques.– Methodology combining structural analysis, laser scanning, geophysical prospection, drone photography, photogrammetry and environmental coring.– Application of GPR and ERT across 68 hectares in a modern urban environment.
Claus Colani’s Pulsed Electromagnetic Induction Principle: Documents and Data of the First Archaeo-Geophysical Prospecting in Bavaria
Authors: Stele Andreas , Linck Roland , Fassbinder Jörg W. E.
Published: August 2021

– Historical retrospective highlighting and honoring the pioneering work in archaeological prospecting made by development engineer Claus Colani.– Colani’s principle of pulsed electromagnetic induction, his publications and biography.– The high efficiency of Colani’s devices and his visionary approach are demonstrated by the unpublished data from the first Bavarian archaeo-geophysical survey carried out at Manching.
The Western Suburbium in Roman Carnuntum
Authors: Wallner Mario , Gugl Christian , Radbauer Silvia , Neubauer Wolfgang
Published: August 2021

– Infrastructure of Roman settlement deduced from geophysical prospection.– Spatio-temporal analysis by integrated archaeological interpretation.
Comparison of Soil Erosion Risks from Public Soil Maps with the Reality from Geophysical Surveys of Archaeological Sites in Bohemia
Authors: Křivánek Roman
Published: August 2021

– Soil and archaeological sites are endangered by agricultural activity in the long-term. A comparison of soil erosion maps with the results of geophysical surveys could help.– Combination of data could separate different chances for preservation of archaeological terrains.
GPR Coherence Imaging Examples: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Authors: Hinterleitner Alois , Trinks Immo , Nau Erich , Gustavsen Lars , Wallner Mario , Löcker Klaus
Published: August 2021

– Large-scale high-resolution multi-trace GPR coherency imaging enables novel data visualisations to enhance the contrast of certain archaeological structures that otherwise are difficult to see.– We will illustrate why data coherence visualisations can give good results at some sites and bad, if not ugly at others.
The Impact of Smart Glasses on a New Generation of Users
Authors: Yutong Qi , Hang Ju , Chen Jing Rui , Ng P. S. Joseph
Published: August 2021

The intelligent glasses are similar to the smart phone, which possess independent operational system. And it can use diverse functions and applications by installing software, Meanwhile the intelligent glasses also are regarded as one of popular intelligent equipment in the resent years. The intelligent glasses are in an early stage of development, So there are some core hardware and application field, which still be researching and exploring continually, But its development will be quite rapid and the scale of market also is expanding continually in near future. The intelligent glasses have a more higher requirement for the quality of data transmission. With the advent of 5G time, The experience and significance of intelligent glasses will be increase sharply.
Semantic Segmentation of Hippocampal Subregions With U-Net Architecture
Authors: Nasser Soraya , Naoui Moulkheir , Belalem Ghalem , Mahmoudi Saïd
Published: August 2021

The Automatic semantic segmentation of the hippocampus is an important area of research in which several convolutional neural networks (CNN) models have been used to detect the hippocampus from whole cerebral MRI. In this paper we present two convolutional neural networks the first network ( Hippocampus Segmentation Single Entity HSSE) segmented the hippocampus as a single entity and the second used to detect the hippocampal sub-regions ( Hippocampus Segmentation Multi Class HSMC), these two networks inspire their architecture of the U-net model. Two cohorts were used as training data from (NITRC) (NeuroImaging Tools & Resources Collaboratory (NITRC)) annotated by ITK-SNAP software. We analyze this networks alongside other recent methods that do hippocampal segmentation, the results obtained are encouraging and reach dice scores greater than 0.84
Outcome of COVID-19-positive children with heart disease and grown-ups with congenital heart disease
Authors: Sachdeva Sakshi , Ramakrishnan Sivasubramanian , Choubey Mrigank , Koneti Nageswara Rao , Mani Kalaivani , Bakhru Shweta , Gupta Saurabh Kumar , Gangopadhyay Debasree , Kasturi Soumya , Mishra Jayashree , Nayak Hemant Kumar , Sivakumar Kothandam , Bobhate Prashant , Awasthy Neeraj , Das Debasis , Chakrabarti Manisha , Muthukumaran Chinnaswamy Sivaprakasam , Saileela Rajan , Dhulipudi Bhargavi , Chaudhary Shiv Kumar , Jayranganath Mahimarangaiah , Saxena Anita , Iyer Krishna Subramony , Kumar Raman Krishna , Kothari Shyam S , Kulkarni Snehal , Rao Suresh G
Published: August 2021

Background :

Outcome data of children with heart disease who acquired COVID-19 infection are limited.

Aims :

We sought to analyze outcome data and identify risk factors associated with mortality in children with heart disease and grown-ups with congenital heart disease (GUCH) who had a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection.

Settings and Design :

This is a retrospective, multicentric, observational study.

Materials and Methods :

The study included children with heart disease and GUCH population, who presented with either symptomatic or asymptomatic COVID-19 infection to any of the participating centers. COVID-19-negative patients admitted to these centers constituted the control group.

Results :

From 24 pediatric cardiac centers across India, we included 94 patients with a median age of 12.5 (interquartile range 3–96) months and 49 (52.1%) patients were males. Majority (83 patients, 88.3%) were children. One-third of the patients (n = 31, 33.0%) had acyanotic congenital heart disease, and 41.5% (n = 39) were cyanotic, with > 80% of the patients being unoperated. Only 30 (31.9%) patients were symptomatic for COVID-19 infection, while the rest were incidentally detected positive on screening. A total of 13 patients died (case fatality rate: 13.8%). The in-hospital mortality rate among hospitalized patients was significantly higher among COVID-19-positive cases (13 of 48; 27.1%) as compared to COVID-negative admissions (9.2%) during the study period (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of mortality among COVID-19-positive cases were severity of illness at admission (odds ratio [OR]: 535.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.9–41,605, P = 0.005) and lower socioeconomic class (OR: 29.5, 95% CI: 1.1–814.7, P = 0.046).

Conclusions :

Children with heart disease are at a higher risk of death when they acquire COVID-19 infection. Systematic preventive measures and management strategies are needed for improving the outcomes.
Arrhythmia spectrum and outcome in children with myocarditis
Authors: Rasal Govind , Deshpande Mrunmayee , Mumtaz Zeeshan , Phadke Milind , Mahajan Ajay , Nathani Pratap , Lokhandwala Yash
Published: August 2021

Introduction :

Myocarditis remains an under-diagnosed entity among children. We evaluated the spectrum of electrocardiogram (ECG) changes and arrhythmias in children with myocarditis.

Methods :

A single-center prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 18 months at a public university hospital, which included all cases with myocarditis from the ages of 1 month to 12 years. Myocarditis was diagnosed according to standard criteria. Arrhythmias were detected by 12-lead ECG or by multiparameter monitors.

Results :

There were 63 children with myocarditis. Sinus tachycardia remained the most important ECG finding (61, 96.8%) followed by ST-T changes (30, 47.6%), low voltage QRS complexes (23, 36.5%), and premature complexes (11, 17.4%). Sustained arrhythmias were seen in 14/63 (22.2%) of the children (Group A), while the remaining 49 patients were designated as Group B. There were 11 (17.5%) cases with sustained tachyarrhythmias, comprising 5 with supraventricular tachycardia, 4 with ventricular tachycardia, and 2 with atrial flutter/fibrillation. Bradyarrhythmias were seen in 3 patients, including 2 children with atrioventricular block and 1 with severe sinus bradycardia. A longer hospital stay of 18.5 (4.75) days vs. 13 (4) days, P = 0.001), and more ST-T changes [12 (85.7%) vs. 18 (36.73%), P = 0.003] were seen in Group A. Multivariate regression analysis found only the presence of ST-T changes as predictors for arrhythmia.

Conclusions :

A variety of arrhythmias and other ECG changes were commonly seen in children with myocarditis. Sustained arrhythmias were seen in one-fifth of the patients, being associated with ST-T changes and a longer hospital stay.
Atypical presentation of complete heart block in children with pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome
Authors: Mehta Rishika , Ghosh Sanjiban , Nandy Jayita Das , Das Shubhadeep , Chattopadhyay Amitabha
Published: August 2021

In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, we report two cases of children presenting with typical diagnosis of pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) who suffered from complete heart block requiring pacemaker placement which is an unusual presentation of PIMS-TS. We also compared it with the already existing data with similar manifestations. PIMS-TS is reported to occur in children with predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms, hemodynamic instability, and myocardial dysfunction. The implications of development of atrioventricular block during critical illness in PIMS-TS are yet unknown. Both patients had an otherwise normal cardiac structure and had no gastrointestinal symptoms but suffered complete heart block without any other identifiable etiology, both requiring temporary pacemaker placement. While one child recovered completely with medical management, the other child required permanent pacemaker placement. While we cannot be certain that COVID-19 was the cause, complete heart block appeared to be temporally related to COVID-19 infection in both patients, and hence, it is important for pediatricians to be aware of the potential manifestation of this disease.
Anaesthetic Management of Acquired Tracheal Stenosis for Tracheal Resection and Reconstruction
Authors: Mathew Jacob , Rajan Sunil , Kunjumon Beegam Shoufi , Kumar Lakshmi
Published: August 2021

Tracheal resection is a rare and complex surgery. The critical phases of the surgery are during induction in the presence of a critical airway, intraoperatively during airway transection and postoperatively for the maintenance of the reconstructed airway with planned early extubation to prevent wound dehiscence. An oedematous airway and fixed flexion of the neck are added risks in the postoperative period. We report a case of a 16-year-old boy with tracheal stenosis in the proximal trachea for elective resection and reconstruction. He received intravenous induction with bougie-guided intubation. Intraoperatively, oxygenation was maintained through the transected trachea. As he had an inadequate recovery from anaesthesia at the end of the surgery, he was extubated after few hours of mechanical ventilation and had an unremarkable recovery. A comprehensive planned airway management with anticipation of preoperative airway maintenance and good communication with surgeons are key to the safe management of this complex surgery.
Tips and Tricks to Improve Videolaryngoscopy Skills
Authors: Jain Divya , Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Sunil , Jafra Anudeep
Published: August 2021

Videolaryngoscopes (VLSs) are a promising addition to the difficult airway management armamentarium. These devices utilise video-camera technology to visualise airway structures on a monitor and facilitate endotracheal intubation. They offer an improved view of the glottis without the need for alignment of the oro-pharyngo-laryngeal axes. Today, in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need for a shift towards a more cautious and circumspect approach towards airway management. Among the aerosol-generating procedures, endotracheal intubation is especially hazardous. Various protocols and guidelines recommend VLSs as the device of choice for intubating COVID-19 patients. It is thus becoming important that airway managers become adept at using various types of VLSs and troubleshoot problems along the way. We have a plethora of these devices with different configurations and shapes. Through this article, we hope to discuss a few practical troubleshooting tips while using different types of VLSs.
Disparities among neurointerventionalists suggest further investigation of conscious sedation versus general anesthesia during thrombectomy for acute stroke
Authors: Inam Mehmet Enes , Lekka Elvira , Sheriff Faheem G. , Sanzgiri Aditya A. , Lopez-Rivera Victor , Barreto Andrew D. , Sheth Sunil A. , Artime Carlos , Engstrom Allison C. , Ambrocik Alexander , Pedroza Claudia , Savitz Sean I. , Chen Peng Roc
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Prior retrospective and case-control studies have shown that the use of general anesthesia (GA) during endovascular therapy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO) was independently associated with poor clinical outcomes compared with cases performed under conscious sedation (CS). Conversely, recent small randomized clinical trials (RCT) demonstrated a trend toward better outcome in cases performed under GA.

METHODS:

We submitted an online survey to 193 Society of Vascular Interventional Neurology and 78 American Association of Neurological Surgeons and Congress of Neurological Surgeons – Cerebrovascular Section neuroendovascular practitioners. Questions were aimed at understanding the current state of anesthesia practice during EVT, and to determine if there is clinical equipoise for a large multicenter RCT comparing GA versus CS during EVT.

RESULTS:

Between March and May of 2017, we received 116 (43%) responses. Anesthesiologists were responsible for managing 96% of the GA cases as compared to only 51% of the CS cases (P < 0.0001). Notable 56% of providers reported performing less than a quarter of their cases under GA. Only 7% performed all cases under GA compared with 17% who used solely CS (P = 0.048). More than half of respondents thought a new RCT was necessary, of whom 61% were interested in participating. Among interested responders, 59% were located in centers with 3 or more neurointerventionalists.

CONCLUSION:

The significant variation among neuroendovascular providers, added with the lack of consensus among recent trials and meta-analyses, demonstrate clinical equipoise for further studies to explore the effects of anesthesia during EVT in AIS-LVO.
Colchicine for the prevention of ischemic stroke
Authors: Al-Atta Ayman , Kuzemczak Michał , Alkhalil Mohammad
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND:

Inflammation is increasingly recognized as a target to reduce residual cardiovascular risk. Colchicine is an anti-inflammatory drug that was associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes. However, its effect on stroke reduction was not consistent across studies. Therefore, the aim of this study-level meta-analysis was to evaluate the influence of colchicine on stroke in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

METHODS:

Electronic databases were searched through October 2020, to identify randomized controlled trials using colchicine in patients with CAD. The incidence of clinical endpoints such as stroke, death, myocardial infarction (MI), study-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and atrial fibrillation (AF) was compared between colchicine and placebo groups.

RESULTS:

A total number of 11,594 (5,806 in the colchicine arm) patients from 4 eligible studies were included in the final analysis. Stroke incidence was lower in the colchicine arm compared to placebo (rate ratio [RR] 0.48 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29–0.78], P = 0.003) whereby no significant difference was observed in the incidence of AF (odds ratio [OR] 0.86 [95% CI, 0.69–1.06], P = 0.16). Furthermore, a significant effect of colchicine on MACE [RR 0.65 (95% CI, 0.51–0.83), P = 0.0006] and MI (RR 0.65 (95% CI, 0.54–0.95], P = 0.02) was detected, with no influence on all-cause mortality (RR 1.04 [95% CI, 0.61–1.78], P = 0.88).

CONCLUSIONS:

This meta-analysis confirms a significant influence of colchicine on stroke in CAD patients. Despite its neutral effect on AF occurrence, other mechanisms related to plaque stabilization are plausible. The concept seems to be supported by contemporaneous MI reduction and posits that anti-inflammatory properties of colchicine may translate into a reduction of stroke risk.
Mechanical clot dissolution technique for surgical clip-related occlusions
Authors: Jain Chirag , Choudhary Neha , Bhatia Vikas , Kumar Ajay
Published: August 2021

Cerebral ischemia following clipping of cerebral aneurysms constitutes major cause of morbidity and mortality. Clip-related injury to vessel, postoperative clip rotation, prolonged temporary occlusion, intraoperative rupture, and vasospasm are some etiological factors compromising forward flow in parent or branch vessel. On suspicion of compromised forward flow, immediate intraoperative evaluation is done to detect the cause of vascular compromise and further management is done by microsurgical or endovascular means. We describe a case of ruptured distal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysm complicated by occlusion of ACA after surgical clipping. The patient was managed by endovascular means by combined technique of intra-arterial nimodipine, antiplatelet infusion, and mechanical clot disruption using J-tip microwire.
Calidad web en medios digitales: revisión bibliográfica sobre métodos e indicadores de evaluación general y atributos de confianza
Authors: Morales-Vargas Alejandro , Pedraza-Jiménez Rafael , Codina Lluís
Published: August 2021

Introducción: Frente a la pérdida de confianza hacia los contenidos en internet, la desinformación, las noticias falsas y la crisis financiera que afecta a la prensa a nivel global, se revisan los estudios que proponen instrumentos dedicados a evaluar los sitios web de los medios digitales. Objetivos: Identificar y caracterizar los trabajos focalizados en el análisis de cibermedios, examinar sus métodos e indicadores, y revisar si estos consideran atributos de fiabilidad. Metodología: Se examina la producción científica sobre calidad web mediante una revisión bibliográfica sistematizada sobre 82 artículos recuperados desde las principales bases de datos, detectando parámetros de calidad en general y menciones a aspectos web con implicaciones éticas o sociales. Resultados y discusión: Como parte de los hallazgos se ha constatado que las herramientas específicas para medir la calidad web de los medios digitales son escasas y que entre los métodos de evaluación predomina el análisis experto mediante inspección heurística por sobre los estudios de usuario. El parámetro más estudiado es la interactividad, entendida como espacio de participación, seguida por la usabilidad, la arquitectura de información y el contenido, entre otros. Además, se detectan muy pocas menciones a asuntos deontológicos –como enlaces engañosos, protección de datos o corrección de informaciones– y casi nulas referencias a directrices, estándares y políticas internacionales. Conclusiones: Numerosos trabajos abordan indicadores específicos de los medios digitales, pero existen pocos protocolos de análisis para los sitios web que los sustentan. Hay un amplio margen de mejora en los estudios de la calidad web en cibermedios, considerando no solo asuntos técnicos sino también parámetros propios del rigor periodístico y la credibilidad informativa.
Accelerated Testing: A Practitioner's Guide to Accelerated and Reliability Testing
Authors:   SKF, Dodson Bryan , Schwab Harry ,   Lockheed Martin Corp.
Published: August 2021

The application of accelerated testing theory is a difficult proposition, yet one that can result in considerable time and cost savings, as well as increasing a product's useful life. In Accelerated Testing: A Practitioner's Guide to Accelerated and Reliability Testing, readers are exposed to the latest, most practical knowledge available in this dynamic and important discipline. Authors Bryan Dodson and Harry Schwab draw on their considerable experience in the field to present comprehensive, insightful views in this book. Development and quality assurance tests are defined in detail and are presented from a practical viewpoint. Included are testing fundamentals, plans and models, and equipment and methods most commonly used in accelerated testing. Individuals seeking to evaluate and improve the design lives of components and systems will find this book a valuable reference, with special attention being paid to testing in the mobility industries.
Implements of Wild Boar Canines During the Neolithic and Chalcolithic at the Lower Danube
Authors: Mărgărit Monica , Boroneanț Adina
Published: August 2021

This paper discusses the technological exploitation and transformation of wild boar teeth into tools during the Neolithic and the Chalcolithic north of the Lower Danube. Four main variables were taken into consideration: raw material procurement, blank production, object manufacture, and equipment maintenance. Tool finds from various prehistoric sites in Romania were compared, aiming to identify their impact on the economy of the prehistoric communities, and to determine possible variations in their number/ways of use during early prehistory. Tool typology is poor. The finds studied showed different degrees of use-wear, as well as systematic re-sharpening of the active front. In addition, finished tools are predominant in comparison to the sub-products of the chaîne opératoire. The almost total lack of blanks may suggest no stocking was taking place. The entire tooth was used, resulting at times in several implements. Our experimental program, by following closely the technical transformation schemes indicated by the archaeological specimens, suggests that such tusk tools were used for woodworking.
Measures of enhancing food security among households in Edo Central Senatorial District
Authors: Abhulimen J. , Idialu E.E. , Uwameiye B.E.
Published: August 2021

This paper is aimed at examining the enhancement of food security among households in Edo Central Senatorial District. The study examines the measure used by households in enhancing food security. A descriptive survey design was adopted in this study, using a population of about 664,059 households, with a sample size of 300 households using multi-stage sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire. A mean score of 2.5 was used as the benchmark rating score for decision rule. The t-test for two independent sample means was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The result showed that poverty, lack of food preservation knowledge, lack of food and nutrition knowledge, low morale towards the practice of agriculture and lack of facilities for food preservation such as refrigerators and deep freezers are the factors responsible for food insecurity amongst households in Edo Central Senatorial District. To reduce food shortage and promote food security, the measures commonly used among households in enhancing their food security in Edo Central Senatorial District include: food preservation and bulk purchasing. The use of these food security measures varies with the size of household. It was recommended that large households should endeavour to practice crop farming and animal rearing such as poultry farming for family subsistence.
Osu caste system and human rights in Igboland, 1900-2017
Authors: Abia O.T. , Amalu Nneka Sophie , Ariche Chrisantus K.
Published: August 2021

Discrimination and caste systems are rife in every society. In Igboland, the Osu caste system is a form of discriminatory practise where the Igbo society is divided into the Diala and Osu. The problem is that this divide comes with human rights restrictions and violations on the part of the Osu which go unreported and unaddressed at both national and international discourses. Literature on the Osu caste system has majorly focused on various aspects with little attention paid to the human rights dimension of the Osu caste system. Thus, this paper seeks to examine the Osu caste system within the human rights prism. The natural rights theory of John Locke is used as framework of analysis. Findings reveal that the people call Osu face all forms of discrimination and violations of their fundamental human rights. Education and psychological counselling, among other factors were recommended in order to eliminate the caste system. Also, religious bodies as well as the social media can play a vital role in the campaign against the Osu caste system.
Essential oil and apple pomace affect fermentation and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage
Authors: Besharati M. , Palangi V. , Ghozalpour V. , Nemati Z. , Ayaşan T.
Published: August 2021

This study assessed the effects of the additions of an essential oil (EO), composed of ricinoleic acid, cardol, cardanol, and apple pomace, on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of alfalfa silages. The experimental treatments consisted of T1) alfalfa (control), T2) alfalfa with EO, T3) alfalfa (75%) with apple pomace (25%), T4) alfalfa (75%) with apple pomace (25%) and EO, T5) alfalfa (50%) with apple pomace (50%), T6) alfalfa (50%) with apple pomace (50%) and EO, T7) alfalfa (25%) with apple pomace (75%), and T8) alfalfa (25%) with apple pomace (75%) and EO. The addition of apple pomace decreased the silage pH compared with the control (P <0.01). Apple pomace at 25% level increased the total volatile fatty acid (iVFA) content (P <0.05). Essential oil (EO) decreased tVFA and increased dry matter (DM) content 90 days after ensiling (P <0.01). Apple pomace decreased ammonia (N-NH3), crude protein (CP), and crude ash (CA) content and increased the amounts of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) (P <0.01). Essential oil and apple pomace (level 75%) increased effective digestibility (P <0.05). Apple pomace decreased aerobic stability and the addition of EO increased aerobic stability (P <0.05). Thus, use of apple pomace as a source of fermentable carbohydrate and/or the addition of EO in the preparation of high-quality alfalfa silage is recommended to offset its high buffering capacity and low carbohydrate content.
Effects of gender and dietary date palm extract on performance, carcass traits, and antioxidant status of Japanese quail
Authors: Bolacali M. , Irak K. , Tufan T. , Küçük M.
Published: August 2021

This research examined effects of gender and dietary inclusion of date palm extract (DPE) on growth, carcass characteristics, oxidative status and serum characteristics of Japanese quail. One thousand chicks were allocated to five replicates of treatment and gender groups composed of 20 chicks. The treatments were a basal diet and four groups augmented with 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00% DPE. The interaction of gender and treatment was significant for bodyweight (BW) at 42 days, average daily bodyweight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), weights of most carcass components, and the serum profile. Females had better performance to 42 days than males (P <0.05). In addition, females had higher hot and cold carcass weights, breast percentage, liver percentage, intestine percentage, total protein, albumin, triglyceride (TRIG), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress indexes (OSIs) (P <0.001). Males had higher percentages of hot carcass, cold carcass and heart, and their levels of cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values were greater than females (P <0.001). Birds fed 0.50% DPE grew faster, were more efficient, and had heavier live and carcass weights at 42 days than those fed the basal diet. However, treatment effects and their interaction with gender on growth, feed intake and the serum profile were unremarkable compared to the gender main effect. Dietary augmentation with 0.50% DPE might enhance the performance of quail between 14 and 42 days old.
Microbiological quality of silage made from by-products of cassava starch extraction and viticulture
Authors: Schneider C.R. , Zambom M.A. , Galhardo D. , Faccenda A. , Avila A.S. , Tinini R.C.R. , Del Valle T.A.
Published: August 2021

This study evaluated silages made with varying proportions of viticulture by-products (VC) and starch extraction from cassava (CSE). It attempted to determine the effects of these proportions on the microbial population, fermentative losses, and chemical composition. The treatments were specified as the proportions of VC in the silage (0 g/kg, 250 g/kg, 500 g/kg, 750 g/kg, and 1000 g/kg). Silages were  evaluated before (0) and after 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days of ensiling. The experimental design was completely randomized with five  treatments, six storage times and four replications. The increased level of VC in the silage enhanced its dry matter content, ammonia  nitrogen (NH3-N), and buffering capacity, and reduced organic matter content. Fifteen days after ensiling, additional VC increased the concentration of soluble carbohydrates. The increased level of VC decreased the count of Clostridium spp. and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The incidence of yeasts and enterobacteria was low in all treatments at all time points. Over time, losses as effluent and gases increased. Use of increasing proportions from VC in silage made with CSE increased the contents of dry matter and soluble carbohydrates and  reduced the fermentative losses of the silage. The increased amount of VC also favoured pH reduction and reduced the proliferation of undesirable yeasts, while increasing the population of LAB.
Relationship between plasma cortisol level and bodyweight and antler size in farmed fallow deer
Authors: Dziki-Michalska K. , Tajchman K. , Kowalik S. , Bogdaszewski M.
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between the plasma cortisol level and bodyweight and antler size in farmed male fallow deer (Dama dama) of various ages. The study involved 33 animals divided into three age groups: one year old, three years old, and older. Their bodyweight was measured and blood samples were taken twice a year during antler growth (May) and before the rut (September). Whole antlers were collected in September to measure their length and weight. The plasma cortisol concentration was determined with an immunoenzymatic method. The correlations between cortisol level and bodyweight were significant and positive in both May and September (P ≤0.05). There was a negative correlation between weight gain and change in cortisol levels (P ≤0.05). Thus, fallow deer with large seasonal changes in cortisol gained less weight from May to September. The results of the present study indicated that calmer animals with lower cortisol fluctuations should be selected for breeding, which would contribute to greater stability of weight gain.
Efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth improvement of hybrid Nile and Rufiji tilapia populations
Authors: Mapenzi Levinus L. , Mtolera Matern S.P. , De Koning Dirk J. , Mmochi Aviti J.
Published: August 2021

An investigation of the role of Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance of hybrids from Oreochromis niloticus and Oreochromis urolepis urolepis was carried out in plastic tanks at 10 fish/m3 density and a salinity of 25 units. The probiotic treatments were 2, 4 and 6 g/kg feed while the control feed did not include any probiotics. Growth parameters were measured fortnightly and water quality parameters monitored every day. Survival rate and water quality factors revealed non-significant variations (p > 0.05). Final weight differed significantly among the treatments (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Food Conversion Ratio (FCR), Specific Growth Rates (SGR), and weight gain did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between the control and 2 g/kg treatments. However, the 4 and 6 g/ kg feed treatments showed significant differences (p < 0.05) from the control diet and 2 g/kg for both L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae. The condition factor did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05) among the treatments. Results of this study indicate that increasing the quantity of commercial probiotics in feeds improved growth rates. Condition factor observed in the treatments could be due to the role of the tested probiotics in improving the water quality of tanks. Therefore, probiotics could potentially be used to enhance coastal aquaculture development.
Quick and cost-effective mapping of subsistence and artisanal fishing areas within and adjacent to a marine protected area
Authors: Pereira Marcos A.M. , Pereira Tânia I.F.C. , Louro Cristina M.M. , Litulo Carlos , Fernandes Raquel S.
Published: August 2021

Spatial information on artisanal fisheries is largely lacking, making subsequent management and threat or impact assessments difficult. Local knowledge, current and readily available mapping software and Global Positioning System (GPS) techniques were used to map small-scale (subsistence and artisanal) fishing areas within and adjacent to the western boundary of the Ponta do Ouro Partial Marine Reserve in southern Mozambique. Data on habitat types were collected in the field and combined with available literature. Thirty-one fishing areas were identified and mapped resulting in a total area of 293.1 km2 with a perimeter of 396.7 km, from the Inhaca Island lighthouse in the north to the Maputo River mouth in the south. Habitats within the fishing areas included isolated intertidal sand banks, seagrass beds, estuarine channels, as well as intertidal muddy areas adjacent to the coast. The fishing areas covered on average 9.5 km2 (SD=12.0) and varied immensely in size (0.3–50.1 km2). Overall, 58.4 % (171.2 km2) of the total fishing area mapped was located inside the reserve. Costs associated with data collection equated to an average of U$D 3.61 per mapped km2 or U$D 2.63 per km tracked. The method was found to be quick, cost-effective and easily replicable elsewhere.
Growth, mortality, exploitation rate and recruitment pattern of Octopus cyanea (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the WIO region: A case study from the Mafia Archipelago, Tanzania
Authors: Silas Mathew O. , Kishe Mary A. , Mshana Johnson G. , Semba Masumbuko L. , Mgeleka Said S. , Kuboja Bigeyo N. , Ngatunga Benjamin P. , Chande Muhaji A. , Matiku Patroba
Published: August 2021

Octopus cyanea is a commercially important cephalopod in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region, but scientific information to inform management strategies for the species is limited. A study was conducted in 2014, 2015, 2017 and 2018 to investigate biological parameters including growth, mortality, exploitation rates and recruitment patterns in the sea around Mafia Archipelago, Tanzania. Virtual population analysis (VPA) indicated differential mortality between two sampling sites; the lowest and highest fishing mortality of F = 1.5yr-1 and F = 2.7yr-1 were observed in Bwejuu (Dorsal mantle length, DMT = 18-20 cm) and Jibondo (DMT = 8-12 cm) fishing villages, respectively. The maximum exploitation rate (Emax), which gives the maximum relative yield per recruit, was estimated at 0.380 and 0.379 for Jibondo and Bwejuu, respectively. The exploitation rates E 0.5, which corresponded to 50% of the unexploited stock relative biomass per recruit, were estimated at 0.248 for Jibondo and 0.247 for Bwejuu. These values differ greatly from the exploitation rates of 0.53 and 0.41 for Jibondo and Bwejuu, respectively, suggesting that the stock of O. cyanea is probably being overfished both in terms of yield per recruit and biomass per recruit. The stock-recruit pattern was observed to be continuous year-round, with the peak being between May and July. Since the peak in recruitment of both areas coincides with the south-east monsoon (SE Monsoon) and the level of maximum sustainable yield has been overshot, it is recommended that management plans are implemented that will reduce effort while increasing biomass, for example, implementing temporal octopus fishery closures at a village level.
Influencia de la comunicación oral de los docentes en la atención de niños con trastornos específicos del aprendizaje
Authors: Castro Morrillo Frelly Brisnelli , Vega Intriago Jisson Oswaldo , Bolívar Chávez Oscar Elías
Published: August 2021

El Objetivo del estudio fue analizar los elementos y niveles de la competencia comunicación oral de los docentes que laboran en la Unidad Educativa Naciones Unidas de Portoviejo, Manabí Ecuador y su influencia para la atención de niños con Trastornos Específicos del Aprendizaje. El artículo es un informe de investigación, se subscribe en el paradigma positivista enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño de campo de carácter descriptivo no experimental transaccional. Las Técnicas empleadas fueron la observación directa y la encuesta, con el instrumento guía de observación y la población fue treinta docentes de la institución. Se concluye, que la comunicación oral cobra trascendencia importante en la formación docente, por su repercusión en la atención a niños con trastornos específicos del aprendizaje, al considerarse esta esencialmente, desde la interrelación cognitiva, afectiva que se produce en el transcurso del proceso comunicativo, de ahí la necesidad de que sea atendida desde cada contexto educativo.
Menkul Kıymet Yatırımcıların Risk Alma Eğilimleri
Authors: KAYA Abdülkadir
Published: August 2021

Finansal yatırım kararlarının en önemli faktörlerinin başında gelen risk kavramının bir

göstergesi olarak Risk İştahı Endeksi, Merkezi Kayıt Kuruluşu tarafından farklı yatırımcı

türleri için hazırlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Yabancı, Yerli, Yerli Gerçek ve Yerli Tüzel yatırımcı

risk iştahı endeksleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. 04.01.2008-07.08.2020 dönemi

haftalık verileri ile oluşturulan VAR modelleri ile analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Değişkenlerin

uzun dönemde birlikte hareket ettikleri, tüm risk iştahı endeksi çiftlerinin birbiri ile

karşılıklı nedenselliğe sahip olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca değişkenlerin yaklaşık iki

haftalık sürede % 3,5’luk şoklarla etkili olduğu ve tüm yatırımcı türlerinin Yabancı Yatırımcı

risk iştahından ortalama % 80 civarında etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir.
Tempo de misericórdia
Authors: Navarro Tarlei
Published: August 2021

Resumo: Este artigo busca refletir sobre a Teologia Espiritual do Amor-misericordioso, a partir de uma análise teológica de Lc 22,61-62, onde Pedro se encontra com Jesus e reconhece suas fraquezas humanas. É o recomeço de um homem a quem será confiado o cuidado e o zelo do Povo de Deus. Para Pedro, foi um encontro não somente marcado pelo choro amargo do arrependimento, mas também a oportunidade de se levantar e tornar-se um ícone de esperança para todos os discípulos de Jesus, homens e mulheres experimentados pela fraqueza e pelo pecado, mas confiantes de que a misericórdia divina é sempre maior do que qualquer fragilidade humana. É a força da conversão operada em um missionário de Jesus, que se encharcou do amor misericordioso de Deus. Também queremos criar um diálogo entre a cena bíblica de Lc 22,61-62 e a Igreja de hoje no ministério do Papa Francisco, que, constantemente, aborda a necessidade de sermos reformados pela conversão pessoal e comunitária, transformados em vasos novos, como fez o Senhor com o apóstolo Pedro, propondo um despertar para melhor amar e servir.
A missão da Igreja no (pós)pandemia no Brasil e a coragem criativa de São José.
Authors: Santos Danielle Maria Espezim dos
Published: August 2021

Trata-se dos desafios à missão evangelizadora da Igreja no período (pós)Pandemia 2020-2021, tomando como base as especificidades do fenômeno no Brasil e a mensagem da Carta Apostólica Patris Corde, de 2020, escrita pelo Papa Francisco que se encontrava mergulhado na realidade do povo de Deus. Nessa linha, recorta-se em uma das características encontradas na Patris Corde: a coragem criativa. Procura-se encontrar luzes a partir de alguns elementos extraídos dos sentidos de coragem criativa, como a cura individual e social como condição de exercício da virtude em estudo, como a ação humana enquanto verdadeiro milagre, a abertura à Providência. A síntese que se encontrou foi a opção por “salvar o que conta”, as pessoas, refletidas em Jesus e de Maria, cuidados com responsabilidade por José. As fontes principais da pesquisa são a Sagrada Escritura, o Catecismo da Igreja Católica, Cartas e Exortações Apostólicas e ensinamentos de Teresa de Jesus e Edith Stein.
SYSTEMATIZACE NE-ŘIDIČSKÝCH ČINNOSTÍ ŘIDIČŮ AUTONOMNÍCH NÁKLADNÍCH VOZIDEL
Authors: Krejčí Libor , Doleželová Štépánka
Published: August 2021

V článku je navržený koncept katalogu systematizující tzv. ne-řidičské aktivity řidičů nákladních vozidel, které by mohli vykonávat s rozvojem automatizace silničních vozidel. V blízké budoucnosti se jedná především o částečně automatizovaný provoz bez plné automatizace, při kterém je stále nezbytné, aby řidič v případě potřeby převzal řízení. Přesto trend automatizace provozu nákladních vozidel přinese řadu příležitostí, jak efektivně využít pracovní čas budoucích řidičů, který je v současnosti věnován primárně řízení. Autoři představují postupné kroky ke genezi, analýze a klasifikaci činností, které řidiči budou moci ve vozidle provádět v době, kdy aktivně vozidlo neřídí. Byly použity metody indukce souvislostí v podobě myšlenkových map, komparace, klasifikační a funkční analýzy a klasifikace. Katalog je zaměřen na dvě úrovně automatizace vozidel L3 a L4 dle normy SAE. Systematická struktura katalogu je založena na číselných kódech kategorizujících činnosti minimálně ve čtyřech úrovních. V článku jsou představeny skupiny činností: duševní tvůrčí činnost; komunikace; administrativa, fyzická činnost; vzdělávání; zábava a odpočinek. Součástí je také příklad části vyplněného katalogu. Na závěr jsou doporučeny další směry rozvoje navrženého konceptu katalogu. Katalog bude v budoucnu využit manažery dopravních firem pro tvorbu skladby práce svých zaměstnanců. Další uživatelé budou například ústřední orgány státní správy, vzdělávací instituce a další odborné organizace v dopravě.
FYZICKÉ ZKLIDŇOVÁNÍ DOPRAVY NA VYBRANÝCH MÍSTNÍCH KOMUNIKACÍCH V HLAVNÍM MĚSTĚ PRAZE
Authors: Stojaspalová Zdeňka
Published: August 2021

Příspěvek se zabývá problematikou zklidňování dopravy na vybraných úsecích místních komunikací, které se nacházejí na území hl. m. Prahy. Jedná se o úseky s celoročně sledovanou intenzitou dopravy. Na daných úsecích proběhlo místní šetření a analýza vybraných atributů (druh fyzického zklidňovacího opatření, umístění, intenzita dopravy apod.). V příspěvku jsou dále ověřovány hypotézy, zda je umisťování vybraných fyzických zklidňovacích prvků na daných úsecích konzistentní (dle typu opatření a dle příčiny instalace) a zda je jejich počet závislý na hodnotě intenzity dopravy nebo délce úseku. Předmětné hypotézy závislosti opatření na délce úseku nebo intenzitě byly vyvráceny, ale byla nastíněna cesta k možnému rozšíření množství dat a jejich analýzy k nalezení komplexnějších závislostí.