bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MATEMATICA E CALCOLO SCIENTIFICO
Authors: Marini L. Donatella
Published: September 2020

This short note is meant to give an idea of what Scientific Computing is and what its goal is. In particular, I will focus on the role of Mathematics inside Scientific Computing. On an extremely simple example I will indicate the various steps that lead from the model of the physical phenomenon to the practical solution. I will provide a list of few problems of interest for the applications, among those closer to my field of expertise, and finally I will show some famous cases of failure due to small, almost negligible, errors in one of the steps.
Título en español.
Authors: R. Santini, Jr.  , J. Nevarez
Published: September 2020

La acerola se considera como la mejor fuente de ácido ascórbico. Se obtienen de dos a cuatro cosechos de esta fruta durante el año y el ácido ascórbico se encuentra disuelto en el jugo. Un método que se usó originalmente para extraer y cristalizar el ácido ascórbico de la cáscara de las nueces verdes, pero que no se pudo usar comercialmente, ha sido modificado y aplicado a la acerola. El método conlleva el uso de resinas que intercambian iones. Una resina que intercambia cationes se usa para bajar el pH del jugo de acerola a 2 y una resina que intercambia aniones se usa para absorber el ácido ascórbico. Este se extrae de la resina con una solución diluida de ácido clorhídrico. El rendimiento obtenido en escala de laboratorio fué alto y se espera que en un proceso comercial el rendimiento sea alrededor de 88 por ciento.
RHINOCRITUS MONILICORNIS (PORATH): A BLACK AND YELLOW MILLIPEDE NEW TO PUERTO RICO
Authors: George N. Wolcott
Published: September 2020

RHINOCRITUS MONILICORNIS (PORATH): A BLACK AND YELLOW MILLIPEDE NEW TO PUERTO RICO
Effect of Nitrogen and GA3 on growth and flowering behavior of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. Pusa Narangi Gainda
Authors: Kumar Himanshu , Kumar J , Dev Pavitra , Ram Nathi , . Kaviraj
Published: September 2020

A field experiment was conducted to study the response of nitrogen and GA3 on growth and flowering behavior of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. Pusa Narangi Gainda at the Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture C. C. S. University Campus, Meerut (U.P.) in 2015. There were applied a total number of nine treatments and layout arranged in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Result indicated that soil application of nitrogen@100kg/ha with foliar application of GA3 @ 200ppm at 20 and 50 days after transplanting were found to be statistically significant and most beneficial in relation to plant height, primary branch, secondary branch, spread of plant, diameter in stem, flower diameter, number of flower per plant, fresh weight of flower per plant and yield of flower as compared to control and other treatments.
Influence of chemical and bio fertilizer on growth and yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Moench
Authors: Sharma Pankaj , Sharma A. K. , Singh J. P. , Kaushik Himanshu , . Rajbeer , Kumar Sachin
Published: September 2020

A field experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Research Farm Department of Horticulture, J. V. College, Baraut, Bhagpat during the year 2011 with the cultiver “Arka Anamica” was done in Randomized Block Design (R.B.D) with three replication. The experiments consisted of 16 treatments viz. N1 (80:60:60) NPK (Kg.)/ha, N2 (60:40:40) NPK (Kg.)/ha, N3 (40:20:20) NPK (Kg.)/ha, B1 (Azotobacter) 7kg/ha, B2 (Phosphate Soluble Bacteria) 7kg /ha, B3 (Azotobacter + PSB) and B0 (Control). The Maximum results an different attributes viz. Plant Height (67.30 cm.), No. of leaves per plant (63.95), No. of green pod per branch (3.87), and Area of green pod (48.69 cm2), Days to 50 % germination (7.25) and Days to 50 % flowering (20.06) were recorded under the treatment B3, where as Azotobacter 7 kg/ha + Phosphate Soluble Bacteria 7 kg./ha. Compression to the treatment B1, where as Azotobacter 7 kg/ha and better results like, Number of branches per plant (4.58), leaf area (267.57 cm2), Number of green pod per plant (3.87), Fresh weight per green pod (8.11 gm.) and Green pod yield per plot (3382.56gm.) were recorded under the treatment B3 (Azotobacter 7kg/ha + PSB 7kg/ha), followed by N1 (80:60:60) NPK (Kg.)/ha and minimum results were found under the control.
Microbiological and physico- chemical assessment of the sacred river Alaknanda, India
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , Sharma R. C.
Published: September 2020

The Alaknanda River is one of the main rivers of Alaknanda sub- system which bubbles out from Alkapuri Glacier. Water quality of the sacred river Alaknanda was evaluated by microbiological and physico- chemical methods. The sampling was undertaken from various sites of lower stretches, including Rudraprayag (530 m a.s.l.), Srinagar (560 m a.s.l.) and Deoprayag upstream (457 m a.s.l.) on the river Alaknanda. A perusal of the data revealed that total viable count (CFU.ml-1) was recorded minimum (25,850 CFU.ml-1) in winter season and then it increased during summer (45,730 CFU.ml-1) and attained peak (56,110 CFU.ml-1) during monsoon season, when the maximum degradation in the water quality was observed. Due to the onset of autumn and winter seasons, the quality of water improved substantially and the density of the bacteria decreased (32,120 CFU.ml-1) significantly during autumn from the monsoon season. It is revealed that the myriad of physico- chemical environmental variables and nutrient load from various sources in the habitat environment are responsible for density and diversity in the sacred river Alakanda.
Response of INM to Plant growth, Flower yield and Shelf life of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. Pusa Basanti Gainda
Authors: Kumar Pushpendra , Kumar Vijay , Kumar Deepak
Published: September 2020

The present investigation entitled “Effect of Integrated nutrient management (INM) on Plant growth, Flower yield and shelf life of African Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) c.v. Pusa basanti” , was under taken at department of horticulture, during the year 2013-14. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 13 treatments replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of FYM, vermicompost, poultry manure and bio- fertilizer (Azotobacter) with 25% RDF, 50% RDF and 75% RDF in different combinations including control (RDF). The results revealed that application of 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost (T2) produced significantly maximum plant height (76.77 cm), number of primary and secondary branches per plant (19.40, 33.47 respectively), number of leaves per plant (209.6), earliest in days to first flower bud initiation (50.07), days to first flowering (58.07) and days to 50% per cent flowering (62.87), Also number of flowers per plant (44.07), flower diameter (6.96 cm), flowering duration (54 days), average flower weight (8.52 g), flower yield per plant (375.42 g) and flower yield per plot (3.51 kg), flower yield per hectare (16.65 t) as compared to control and with application of 50% RDF + 50% vermicompost (T6) showed maximum shelf life (6.70 days) of flowers at room temperature. Economic point of view treatment T2 was found to be most economically viable in terms of gross return, net return and benefit cost ratio (2.52:1).
Effect of inorganic fertilizers and bio-fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Kumar Anant , Pal Virendra , Singh S. P. , Verma Santosh
Published: September 2020

A field experiment was carried out during summer season of 2013 and 2014 to find out the effect of inorganic and bio-fertilizers on the growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Pusa Hybrid -2. The results revealed that plants growth and yield of tomato can be increased with the application of Azospirillum along with recommended dose of NPK (120kg N + 60kg P + 60kg K/ha). The ascorbic acid content of fruits were found maximum with the 80kg N + 40kg P + 60kg K/ha with Azospirillum. The TSS was improved by the application of 80kg N + 40kg P + 60kg K/ha with Phosphobacteria.
Serological analysis of Jatropha Mosaic Virus
Authors: Kumar Sanjay
Published: September 2020

Jatropha curcas L. is a major commercial biodiesel crop grown on 98 million acres in India. There is growing interest in J. curcas as a biodiesel “Miracle Tree” to help alleviate the energy crisis and generate income in rural areas of developing countries. The J. curcas suffer from several diseases but Jatropha mosaic disease is one of the most serious constraints among the disease caused by Gemini virus belonging to genus begomovirus. The present study on serological analysis of Jatropha mosaic virus showed that the antiserum prepared from the purified JMV preparations was found to be specific to Jatropha mosaic virus and reacted with clarified JMV sap up to a dilution of 1:128 and up to 1:1024 with purified JMV Preparations. The titre of the antiserum was determined to be 1:1024 with purified JMV preparations. The antiserum of JMV did not react with the antigen of Cowpea mosaic virus and Broad bean mosaic virus. Thus it is concluded that JMV is serologically not related to these viruses.
Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis of yield and its component traits in barley
Authors: Chand Pooran , Singh Akash , Singh S. K.
Published: September 2020

Estimates of genetic parameters for ten genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) revealed significant variability for all the traits under study, indicated wide spectrum of variability among the genotypes. The estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation were high for plant height, number of seeds per ear and seed yield per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height, number of seeds per ear and seed yield per plant. Improvement in yield can be made by selecting these yield contributed traits having high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. Genotypic correlations were of higher magnitude as compare to their corresponding phenotypic correlation in most of the character combination, indicating the existence of strong influenced of inherent association for the various characters. Seed yield per plant exhibited significant stable and positive correlation with number of tillers per plant and 100 weight at genotypic and phenotypic level. Thus, it can be inferred that selection based on any one of these characters either alone or in combination, will result in identifying high yielding strains. Path coefficient analysis of genotypic and phenotypic level exhibited high positive and direct effect of number of tillers per plant, number of ear per plant, number of spikelet per ear, length of ear and 100 seed weight on seed yield per plant. Thus any selection based on these characters will enhance performance and improvement seed yield in barley.
Availability and Post-harvest losses of fruits and vegetable in Bihar: Economic Analysis
Authors: Kumari Meera , Bairwa Shoji Lal , Meena Lokesh Kumar , Rahman Sk. M.
Published: September 2020

Bihar is the rich state with abundance natural resources and wide range of diversity in agriculture in comparison to other growing states of the country.Horticultural crops constitute a significant component of total agricultural production of the country and cover nearly 11.6 million ha area with a total production of over 91 million tonnes per year. Production of fruits and vegetables play an important role in generating employment, income and meeting household nutritional security. The combined annual production of fruits and vegetables in India is likely to cross 377 million tonnes (MT) mark by 2021 from the current level of over 227 MT. However, the projected production of fruits and vegetables would only cater to domestic demand leaving no scope for growth on export front due to the huge wastage would continue to rise simultaneously in absence of on-farm processing facilities. Post-harvest losses are very high in fruit, vegetables and root crops as they are much less hardy and are quickly perishable, and if care is not taken in their harvesting, handling and transport, they soon decay and become unfit for human consumption. The importance of post-harvest management for fruit and vegetable trade should not be ignored. New strategies need to be developing to promote adoption of post-harvest technology by the fruit and vegetable growers for good marketing. The creation of market infrastructure from export point of view such as creation of pre- cooling, cold storage, air cargo, packinghouse etc. may be taken up by the concerted efforts of the state government. There is also need to develop the efficient marketing systems with better storage facilities and less number of middlemen for the ultimate welfare of farmers. Thus, the policy makers should promote processing of fruits and vegetables for value addition and also explore export avenues.
In vitro evaluation of fungicide and bioagents against Pythium aphanidermatum
Authors: Mishra Abhishek , Ratan Ved , Chauhan Gautam Veer , Tomar Akash
Published: September 2020

The sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica Roem) is one of the most popular vegetable. There are a number of diseases like Powdery mildew, Downey mildew, Anthracnose, Fusarium root rot, Cercospora leaf spot, Soft rot and cottony fruit rot, they cause considerable loss to sponge gourd in term of quality and quantity both. During the survey in the year 2015-16, it was found that among all the diseases cottony fruit rot caused by Pythium aphanidermatum was a very destructive disease of this important crop. To manage the loss of yield due to this disease twelve fungicide and eight bioagents were evaluate against the pathogen (in-vitro) in biocontrol lab, Deptt. of plant pathology during 2015-16. Among all the tried fungicide, Master, Propioconazole and Tubuconazole were most effective for inhibition of radial growth of Pythium aphanidermatum and it was recorded no growth. In case of bioagents Trichoderma koningii and Trichoderma harzianum wear most effective for inhibition of test pathogen and it was 15.33mm and 16.66mm respectively.
Effect of different weed control methods to yield of lowland transplanted rice in the Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Nath Somendra , Kumar Sandeep , Kannaujiya Suresh Kumar
Published: September 2020

An experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2014 at crop cafeteria form of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jaunpur to assess the effect of different weed control methods to yield of low land rice (Oryza sativa L.). Weed competition will reduce rice yield. It has been conducted from 15 June 2014 until October 2014 with variety Pusa Sugandha-5 (It is non basmati variety but aromatic) nursery was done on 15 June and 23 days old seedling were transplanted. The experiment laid out using Randomized Block design with five treatments (A = unweed control (Weedy check), B = manual weeding (Two hand weeding), C = herbicide containing Penoxulam + Cyhalofop- butyl, D = Bispyribac sodium, and E = 2, 4 D + Methyl metsulfuron). The results showed that weed control using herbicides containing Bispyribac sodium and 2.4 D + Methyl metsulfuron showed similar results as manual weed control on rice yield. The maximum weed index was observed in weedy check plots.
An appraisal of area possessed under forage and pastures by dairy and non dairy farmers in district Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Singh Maharaj , Kumar Akesh , Upadhyay J. P.
Published: September 2020

The study was undertaken in three blocks of district Mandi and data were collected about the level of knowledge among dairy and non dairy farmers in district Mandi of Himachal Pradesh. The study reported that the highest average area under cultivated fodder found in Maize crop (0.44ha) followed by Oats (0.25ha), Sorghum (0.16ha) and Berseem (0.15ha) while per non dairy farmer the highest area (0.16ha.) recorded under Maize followed by (0.13ha) Oats, Berseem (0.11ha) and (0.08ha) under Sorghum. As the area possessed under pastures the dairy farmers noticed highest area (0.96ha.) under common pastures followed by (0.68ha) family pasture and (0.24ha). Under hortipastures while in case of per non dairy farmers the highest area (0.93ha) was found under family pasture followed by (0.91ha) common pasture and 0.36ha in hortipasture. As regards to percent area per dairy and non dairy farmers is concerned; the dairy farmers possess more area (14.17%) compared with non dairy farmers (8.43%) in forage crops while non dairy farmer possess more area (34.42%) in pasture compared to dairy farmers (26.65% area). The reasons possessing more area by non dairy farmers under pasture that the maintenance and quality of pastures was not found proper and not getting sufficient fodder out of such pastures.
Redefining the components of agribusiness
Authors: Bairwa Shoji Lal , Kushwaha S. , Sen C. , . Shilpi
Published: September 2020

Agribusiness is a fast emerging industrial sector and becomes a most important sector of Indian economy due to boosting up the economy and taking care of global opportunities of trade. Nowadays, agriculture has achieved commercial importance and status is changed from subsistence to commercial farming, import oriented to export oriented, supply driven technology to demand driven technology due to agribusiness sector. Agribusiness is a complex and comprehensive system of industry chain, which is playing a vital role in Indian economy. Generally, Agribusiness is difficult to understand due to its elusive and complex nature while understanding the concept, system, structure, and components of agribusiness is essential to understand the whole agribusiness environment. Agribusiness is made of various sectors like input sector, production sector, processing sector and marketing service sector, in which the main value-added sector concentrated on the post-production sectors. The agribusiness is greatly expanding India's agricultural development and providing a possible choice for modernization of Indian agriculture. The present article is a systematic effort to introduce the structure and subsystem of agribusiness along with the different components of agribusiness system.
Genetic divergence analysis of yield and its contributing traits in tall field Pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Rahul V. P. , Bhushan Bharat , Kumar Ravi , Krishna Ram
Published: September 2020

The experimental material consisting of forty advance genotypes including two checks (Rachna and Shikha) was evaluated in Randomized Block Design with three replications for eleven characters by using Mahalanobis’s D2 statistic. The clustering pattern of genotypes showed no definite relationship between genetic divergence and geographical distribution of genotypes. The genotypes were grouped into seven clusters. The maximum ten lines were put cluster IV, it had maximum intra-cluster distance while inter-cluster distance was highest between I and II. Cluster means indicated that none of the clusters was superior for all the characters studies; however hybridization between genotypes belonging to different cluster (viz. Ist and IInd) is suggested for development of superior genotypes in field pea.
Study on interrelationship between different constituents of raw milk available in Baraut town from various sources of supply
Authors: Gupta H. C. L. , Kumar Kamlendra , Gupta Devesh
Published: September 2020

The experiment was conducted to study the interrelationship between different constituents of raw milk from various sources of supply (Milk vender, Halwai, Private Dairy, college Dairy farm and Milk producer). It can be concluded that milk supplied from the college dairy farm and individual milk producers was the best quality while poorest quality was supplied by milk venders.
Production of polyclonal antibodies against the BYMV isolate infecting gladiolus crop naturally and development of polyclonal antibodies based serological diagnostic system
Authors: Singh B. R. , Musarrat Javed , . Aminuddin
Published: September 2020

In this study a bean yellow mosaic virus isolate infecting gladiolus crop with leaf mosaic and color breaking symptoms on flower was characterized based on mechanical transmission, symptomatology on hosts, and viron particle structure and capsid protein molecular weight determination. The virus isolate was successfully purified from the propagating host and purified viron particles were used for the production of polyclonal antibodies for the development of a cost effective and sensitive serological diagnostic system. The produced polyclonal antibodies would be useful for the assessment of BYMV infection in gladiolus crop and seed materials.
Analysis of socio economic profile of trained agri graduates under agriclinics and agribusiness centres (ACABC‟s) scheme in Rajasthan
Authors: Bairwa Shoji Lal , Kushwaha Saket , Sen Chandra , Singh Rakesh
Published: September 2020

Agriclinics and agribusiness centres (ACABC‟s) scheme is a subsidy based credit linked scheme launched by government of India on 9th April, 2002 for the strengthen technology transfer, public extension system and employment generation in rural areas. The present study was conducted in Rajasthan state during 2011 to 2015 and based on the primary data collected through field survey by pre tested questionnaires from 150 sample agrigraduates. The objective of study was to analyse the profile of agrigraduates on the basis of socio economic characteristics. The socio-economic profile were covered under broad categories such as socioeconomic profile of the trained agripreneurs, status of agriventure taken, status of loans obtained and approached, reasons for refusal of loan application, reasons for willingness and not willingness to take up agriventures under the scheme. The appropriate statistical techniques such as frequencies, scores and percentages were used to analyse the socio economic profile of agrigraduates under agriclinics and agribusiness centres scheme. The study results and previous literature are indicated that the most important factors influencing establishment of agribusiness units are attitude towards self-employment, better livelihood opportunities, entrepreneurial ability, motivation from successful entrepreneurs and self-confidence. Gender-related variations were also significant with regard to attitude towards self-employment, decision-making ability and information seeking behaviour. Thus, there is need to change in the attitude of agrigraduates towards self-employment, develop entrepreneurial ability and enhance self-confidence of the trainees through the training programmes.
Cultural and Morphological Variability in isolates of red rot pathogen (Colletotrichum falcatum) from Pilibhit District of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Lal Ram Ji , Pandey Vikash , Nigam Rashmi
Published: September 2020

Sugarcane is an important cash crop and used as the chief source of sugar grown in tropical and subtropical regions in India. Sugarcane production is challenged by various biotic and abiotic stresses; among the biotic factors, red rot disease caused by Colletotrichum falcatum is a major disease leading to severe reduction in sugarcane production. Five isolates of C. falcatum were established from red rot infected cane varieties collected from different areas of Uttar Pradesh. Cultural and morphological studies of the isolates were conducted in vitro on oat meal agar (OMA).Variations in their conidial and colony characters of the five isolates were recorded and summerized in this paper.
Response of red chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) to fertigation and mulching
Authors: Reddy G. Chandramohan , Hebbar S. S.
Published: September 2020

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of red chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) during 2015-16 at the Division of vegetable crops, Indian Institute of Horticulture Research, Hessaraghatta, Bangalore to determine the effect of different fertigation sources and mulching on growth parameters, yield and fertilizer use efficiency (FUE). Fertigation was done both water soluble fertilizers and normal fertilizers with different doses. The results revealed that significantly higher growth and yield parameters viz., plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, leaf area and leaf area index, number of fruits per plant, length of the fruit (cm), girth of the fruit (cm), fruit weight (g) dry fruit yield per plant (g), dry fruit yield per hectare (t) were observed by the treatments viz., application of water soluble fertilizers 100 per cent (Recommended dose of fertilizers) RDF using urea, 19:19:19 and KNO3 through fertigation with mulching, followed by Normal fertilizers 100 per cent RDF using Urea, DAP, MOP through fertigation with mulching. From this investigation it is concluded that water soluble fertilizers as well as normal fertilizers fertigation with mulching ideal for maximum growth and yield of the chilli crop.
Appraisal's genotypes on water absorption, transpiration loss at senescence stage and genetic correlation of Chrysanthemum morifolium
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Dahiya D. S. , Kumar Sonu , . Prince , Yadav Gulshan
Published: September 2020

A field experiment entitled “Appraisal's genotypes on water absorption, transpiration loss at senescence stage and genetic correlation of Chrysanthemum morifolium” was conducted at experimental orchard, department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana) during the 2016-17 in winter season to identify the suitable variety for successful cultivation as well as vase life of Chrysanthemum flower. Fifteen Genotypes namely, Aparajita, Anastasia, Braca Splendid, Charlia, Celtic, Cologne, Fortune, HF-164, Paladov Sunny, Paiwer-W, Paladov Dark, Papaya, Tocovar- 6, Vanilla Sorbet and White Double were selected for the evaluation. The significant responses in water absorption, transpiration loss at senescence stage and flower vase life were observed in White Double, Cologne, Charlia and Celtic. The maximum water absorption and transpiration loss were recorded in genotype White Double (116.83g and 72.20 ml. respectively) whereas maximum fresh weight was recorded with the genotype Cologne (120.00 g) while genotype White Double had longest vase life (20.66 days). The maximum per cent of opened flowers were noticed in the genotype Charlia (92.45 %) while maximum unopened flowers were noticed in genotype Celtic (21.86%) and the significant genetic correlation between different parameters and vase life of flowers were noted during experimentation.
Evaluation of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) for superior quality, yield and resistance to insect-pests
Authors: . Himani , Tokas Jayanti
Published: September 2020

The present study was conducted to evaluate and identify the promising varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) superior in quality, resistance to insect-pests and fodder yield. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications of twenty varieties of sorghum. The observations recorded include morphological characters, tillering, regeneration, green and dry fodder yield, HCN, IVDMD %, crude protein, insect-pests and foliar disease. The genotypes SPV 2444 (GFY: 395.5 and DFY: 85.0 q/ha) and SPV 2454 (GFY: 374.0 and DFY: 122.0 q/ha) were superior in yield. Similarly, the per day productivity for green and dry fodder yield followed the same trend. These genotypes also had better morphological traits as compared to others.SPH 1858 had highest leaf breadth (8.5 cm) followed by SPV 2448 (7.9 cm). Minimum HCN content was found in SPV 2455 (23μg/g) followed by SPV 2449 (64μg/g). Crude protein was found highest in SPV 2446 (10.94 %) followed by SPV 2447 (10.72 %). IVDMD was found maximum in SPV 2448 (50.80 %).followed by SPV 2450 (50.40 %)
Preservation of cauliflower by dehydration technique for ensuring extended shelf life and higher return to rural women folk of Khagaria District
Authors: Kumari Maya , Kumari Anita
Published: September 2020

A study was made on preservation techniques of cauliflower to get better shelf life, organoleptic qualities and economic return to farmers. Two processes of preservation namely sun drying and oven drying were compared. For the purpose, cauliflower purchased from local market were undergone processes of drying at normal room temperature, weighing and cutting into 3-4 cm long pieces, blanching and removing of excess water. Afterwards, the samples of blanched cauliflower were sun dried at 30-350 C and oven dried at 50-600 C separately. The dehydrated samples were then analyzed for proximate composition such as moisture, ash, fat, crude fiber, crude protein and carbohydrate content. For sensory evaluation cauliflowers recipes from oven dried and sun dried samples were prepared. Unit cost of processed cauliflower in case of dehydration by sun drying was Rs. 68.50 compared to oven dried as Rs.70.70 per kg. Rehydration ratio of sun dried was 5.9:1 where as in oven dried sample was 5.8:1. The moisture content was found to be higher in sundried sample (5.5%) as compared to oven dried sample (5.0%). Ash content (7.75%) was higher in oven dried sample compared to 7.25% in sun dried sample. As regards proximate composition of dehydrated cauliflower, fat content was observed to be similar in both methods of drying where as crude fiber content were 12.0% and 10.0% in oven dried and sun dried samples respectively. Crude protein contents were found to be 12.75% and 13% in oven dried and sun dried samples respectively where as carbohydrate contents were 60.50% and 62.25% respectively. Organoleptic properties such as colour, flavor, texture and taste of the recipes prepared from the dehydrated cauliflower were found to be in highly preferable range of 30 respondents upto 6 months period of dehydraion. As investigated from the above facts, shelf life, organoleptic qualities and nutrient composition of sun dried and oven dried cauliflower samples were observed to be almost similar. Adding to this sun drying can be done easily by rural women folk, hence this method can be advocated as preferred technique for the farmers of Khagaria district. Women folk earned substantial benefit by marketing of sundried cauliflower.
Selection criteria, selection parameters, future research needs and future research strategies for improvement in yellow sarson (Brassica rapa var. Yellow Sarson)
Authors: Tomar Amit , Singh Mahak
Published: September 2020

The Oleiferous Brassica species, commonly known as rapeseed-mustard, are one of the economically important agricultural commodities. Rapeseed-mustard comprising eight different species viz., Indian mustard, toria, yellow sarson, brown sarson, gobhi sarson, karan rai, black mustard and taramira, are being cultivated in 53 countries spreading all over the globe . The oil and protein content varies from 37 to 49% and 22-28%, respectively. The rapeseed-mustard, which contributes nearly 80% of the total rabi oilseed production, is a vital component in edible oil sector. The rapeseed- mustard crops are diverse in their agro-climatic requirements and crop management practices. The production constraints facing each of the crops are also diverse in nature. The objective of raising domestic availability of edible oil can be realized only by increasing the productivity of these oilseed crops. Enhancing the production and productivity of the crop assumes significance; not only from the farmers’ viewpoint but also for the edible oil industry and other vertically and horizontally linked enterprises.
Effect of mineral mixture to enhance milk production and retarded sterility
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Tripathi Kirtimani , Singh Ravinder Pal , Kumar Parvindra
Published: September 2020

Uttar Pradesh is the largest contributor to the national milk production contributing around 18 % of total milk production in the country. It has got the second highest cattle number and highest number of buffalo in the country. Bulandshahr district is known as “Milk Belt” of Uttar Pradesh. The production of district milk has increased to 233.00 lakh ton in 2013 as against 189.00 lakh ton in 2007-2008. A survey was conducted in Bulandshahr district of western U.P. during 2014 - 2016 to find out the constraints faced by dairy farmer in adoption of improved milch animal husbandry practices. Total 120 animal keepers, Blocks namely Bulandshahr, Gulaoti, Lakhaoti and Sikandrabad were selected through random sampling technique. All animals selected were of same age group of 5 to 6 years. 50-60 gram of mineral mixture per day was given to each cow for 120 days. Among different health parameters relating to milk fever problem of animals in village Ginora Sheak, the effect of mineral mixture was of high significance (83% decrease) andm milk increased at the lower rate (5%) per animal in village Jainpur. From the study it can be concluded that mineral deficiency is one of the major cause behind the different problems faced by cows with respect to health and physical parameters followed by decreased milk production, fertility and repeated breeding. In the study it was found the all the assessed parameters concluded significant results. Thus mineral mixture was found to be very effective in improving different health aspects of cow.
Chemical and biological control of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola) in Paddy Crop
Authors: Singh Reshu , Nigam Rashmi , Sirohi Rajiv Kumar , Kumar Satish
Published: September 2020

The present field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of bio agents and chemical nematicides viz. Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, Carbofuran 3G and Phorate 10G for management of rice root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola during kharif-2014, 2015 and 2016. The present findings revealed that all the treatments were significantly superior over control with respect to plant growth parameters and nematode population. In control, terminal and spiral galls developed on rice roots, and plants suffered 32-41% decrease in the plant growth parameters and resulted upto 27% yield loss. At harvest greater decrease in soil population was recorded after soil application of T. harzianum (51.11%) followed by carbofuran 3G (46.82%). T. harzianum and carbofuran 3G were at par in suppression of root gall and egg mass suppression and T. harzianum caused 61.11 and 58.28% reduction in root gall and egg mass respectively, whereas, carbofuran 3G caused 59.52% and 62.50% reduction in root gall and egg mass respectively.
Physico-chemical evaluation of Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars grown in mid hills of North India
Authors: Kotiyal Amit , Bhatt Siddharth Shankar , Kumar Jitendra , Dimri Dinesh Chandra , Mehta Narender Singh
Published: September 2020

The objective of this study was to compare the physico-chemical properties of 10 apple cultivars grown in mid hills of India. Fruit weight, volume, size, total soluble solids (T.S.S.), total sugars, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid content were measured in the cultivars Aurora, Brookfield, Braeburn, Galaxy, Azetec, Scarlet Gala, Marini Red, Jonagold, Royal Gala and Royal Delicious. The results showed significant differences in physico-chemical attributes of apple cultivars. Among all the cultivars the maximum fruit size (50.66 mm length, 74.73 mm diameter) and fruit weight (170.12 g) were observed in cv. Royal Delicious, while the minimum fruit size (40.52 mm length, 53.03 mm diameter) and weight (110.97 g) were measured in Azetec and Aurora, respectively. The highest volume (196.79 ml) of fruit was registered in Royal Delicious in comparison to the minimum (125.75 ml) in Aurora. The maximum T.S.S. (14.27 °B) and acidity (0.717%) was noticed in Scarlet Gala and Marini Red, respectively. While the minimum T.S.S. and acidity was observed in Marini Red (11.20 °B) and Azetec (0.186%). The ascorbic acid varied from 6.07 mg/100 g in Royal Gala to 9.86 mg/100 g in Braeburn, whereas the total sugar ranged 11.36% in Royal Gala to 7.06% in Jonagold.
Food Processing: need and effect on nutrient content
Authors: Singh Seema
Published: September 2020

Processed foods or modified raw foods made by the addition of hormones, additives, preservatives, other chemical or heat treatments that alter the natural healthy enzymes, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. In comparison to raw and unprocessed foods, processed foods are usually safer, durable and with high level of bioactivity of nutrients. At present, the advancement in food processing methods and techniques is necessary to meet the challenges of food security and safety, nutrition demand and availability of food at the global level. Therefore, the present review comprises the information. about the effects of food products on health at global level by means of several examples of processed foods with their nutritional contents before and after processing. All the necessary data and information is gathered through secondary sources.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield parameters of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) cv. Pusa KTS-1
Authors: Choudhary Krishan , Dev1 Pavitra , Kumar Jitendra , Kumar Vinuj , Kumar Tarun
Published: September 2020

A field experiment was conducted during 2017-18 to examine the impact of integrated nutrient management on growth parameters of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) cv. Pusa KTS-1. The experiment comprised of twelve treatments consisting of different combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The experimental field was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. All variable parameters regarding yield behaviour were significantly influenced by integrated nutrient management practices. Results indicated that combined application of 80% NPK + 2 t/ha vermicompost gave the significant effect on yield attributing parameters viz., head diameter (21.33 cm), number of spear per plant (13.00), head weight (332.33 gm) and yield (162.84 q/ha) as compared to other treatments.
Effect of land uses and elevation on microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and water extractable carbon in Kumaon Himalaya, India
Authors: Yadav R. P. , Gupta B. , Bhutia P. L. , Bisht J. K. , Meena V. S. , Tewari Prabhat
Published: September 2020

The change in land use as well as elevation changes microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and water extractable organic carbons (WOC), which are important parameters of soil fertility and essential for sustainable management of any land use. In Central Himalaya watershed (2B4D6) the land use pattern varies with elevation. The present study aims to examine the soils (0-30 cm depth) of different land uses i.e. agroforestry, silvipastoral and grassland for microbial biomass C, N, microbial population and WOC along the elevation. Microbial biomass C, N, microbial population and WOC contents varied significantly (less than 0.005) among land uses and it increased along the elevation. Maximum microbial biomass C and N was recorded in agroforestry, silvipastoral and minimum in grassland. While, WOC highest in silvipasture, agroforestry and grassland. Land uses along elevation had strong positive correlation with microbial biomass C, N and WOC. Thus it is concluded that microbial biomass C, N, microbial population and WOC changes significantly (less than 0.05) in different land uses and along elevation gradient.
Performance and problems of self help groups (SHGs) in Meerut district of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Singh Pukhraj , Nag Nitin Kumar , Verma Lalit Kumar , Kumar Dushyant
Published: September 2020

The present study was carried out in the rural area of Meerut district, with the objective to find out the study the performance of SHGs and problems faced by the SHGs in the study area. As a part of primary data collection, a sample (random) of 110 women respondents were selected out of 22 SHGs operating in the district. The data was collected during the period July 2018 - Dec 2018. A self-help is a small, economically and attractive group of 10-20 rural people which comes together to save small amounts regularly. It generally performs various types of economic activities with the help of their small savings. Self-help groups are informal association of women. The main purpose of such an association is to enable members to mobilization of savings and credit facilities gain economic benefits out of mutual help, solidarity and social responsibility. SHGs is the group based approach, which helps the women members of each SHGs to accumulate capital by way of small saving and helping them to get credit facilities from their funds. Presently, the women of the society are facing the financial problem to start business or to undertake different economic activities to become self-employed and self-reliant.
Evaluate on substrates for mass production of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo)
Authors: Singh Rajendra , Singh Vijay Pratap , Kumar Ajay , Singh Joginder , Kumar Ankit , Kumar Ravi
Published: September 2020

The present investigation entitled “Mass Production of entomopathogenic fungai Beauveria bassiana (Metsch.) on liquid and solid media” was carried out at Bio Control Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut during 2018-19. In all there were eight treatments including control replicated thrice in a randomized block design. The results obtained in the study are summarized. The effect of different substrates for the mass production of Beauveria bassiana spore/ml was significantly higher recorded. Data recorded on 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 after the day after inoculation of various treatments in the, T10 Savoured dextrose broth (SDB), was the best treatment by bringing down the B. Bassiana production up to (49.48) spore/ml in liquid medium during the 2018-19 years. The other treatments in order of spore producing was with T11 Potato dextrose broth (PDB) (38.52), in liquid medium and solid medium in the treatment and T8 Cowpea Vigna unguiculata + Molasses + 1% YE + 1.0 g Dextrose (28.73), followed by with T7 Black gram Vigna mungo + Molasses + 1% YE + 1.0 g Dextrose (27.52 spore/ml, T5 Cowpea Vigna unguiculata + Molasses + 1% YE (17.53 spore/ml), T4 Black gram Vigna mungo + Molasses + 1% YE (14.87 spore/ml), T2 Cowpea Vigna unguiculata + Molasses (10.50 spore/ml), T1 Black gram Vigna mungo + Molasses (8.35 spore/ml), T9 Gram Cicer aeritinum + Molasses + 1% YE + 1.0 g Dextrose (3.92 spore/ml), T6 Gram Cicer aeritinum + Molasses + 1% YE (2.85 spore/ml) and T3 Gram Cicer aeritinum + Molasses respectively.
Genetic variability, mean performance and analysis of variance in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Authors: Kasana Ravindra Kumar , Singh P. K. , Tomar Amit , Singh Mahak
Published: September 2020

The most promising lines showing highest seed yield with high mean performance for other yield contributing characters were identified as EC-22672, NDLS-164, NDLS-169 and NDLS-205-03-02. The genotypes exhibiting highest mean performance for different characters such as EC-22672 for seed yield per plant, SLS-50, NDL-204, Meera and NDLS-204 for early days to 50% flowering, NDLS-181 for early days to maturity, EC- 41494 for plant height, NDLS-77 for primary branches per plant, NDLS-169 for secondary branches per plant, EC-41404 for number of capsules per plant, EC-41494 for number of seeds per capsule, Shekhar for biological yield, EC-23269 for harvest index and SLS-48 for test weight.
Performance of promising rice varieties under ambient and elevated temperature regimes
Authors: Regmi Shubhechhya , Rajbhandari Binayak P.
Published: September 2020

Open top chamber system was designed for undertaking research into rice crop response to increased temperature during rainy season at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Khajura, Banke in 2018. With the objective of determining the efficacy of the chamber system and to generate possible differences in climate which could alter plant response between ambient and chamber system, 5 different rice varieties (Radha-4, Sukhkhadhan-3, Sukhkhadhan-2, IR83383-G-B-141-1 and IR87751-20-4-4-2) with three temperature conditions were used: ambient condition, open top chamber with 1.2m height enclosed from base with plastic sheet and open top chamber with 1.5m height enclosed from base with plastic sheet. With 3.1°c higher temperature Sukhkhadhan-2 significantly (p value= 0.0199) produced higher grain yield 4.33 t/ha under chamber condition in contrast to open field (2.93 t/ha) as well as significantly (p value=0.0175) higher biomass yield 13.62 t/ha under elevated temperature. Also, Sukhkhadhan-2 significantly (p value=0.0012) attained maximum height (86.99 cm) under chamber condition compared to open field (73.06 cm) during harvest. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference for number of tillers per hill during maturity stage. Significantly sukhkhadhan-3 (p value=0.02994) showed longer panicle length 25.7cm under chamber than normal field condition (23.74 cm). In addition, Radha- 4 significantly (p value=0.03823) produced more filled grains per panicle (169) under chamber conditions than ambient condition (112). The consideration of crop variety is a good adoption measure to minimize incidence of elevated temperature in farming system.
Effect of sowing dates and establishment methods on quality parameter, uptake of NPK and economics of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Konkan region of Maharashtra
Authors: Tilekar R. N. , Chavan V. G. , Kumhar B. L. , Bahure G. K. , Game V. N. , Patil H. M.
Published: September 2020

The present investigation entitled “Effect of sowing dates and establishment methods on quality parameter, uptake of NPK and economics of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Konkan region of Maharashtra” was conducted at Agronomy Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri, Maharashtra during kharif season of 2015. The results revealed that, the gross return (Rs. 209162 ha-1), net return (Rs. 69446 ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.50) was appreciably higher in 23rd MW as compared to the other sowing dates. However, broad bed furrow method of sowing obtained highest gross returns (Rs. 206615 ha-1), net profit (Rs. 68790 ha-1), and B: C ratio (1.50) as compared to flat bed method of sowing. The highest total nitrogen uptake (142.67 kg ha-1, total phosphorus uptake (11.45 kg ha-1) and total potassium uptake (67.82 kg ha-1) recorded under 23rd MW. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium uptake was significantly higher in crop sown by broad bed furrow than flat bed.
Impact of flowering duration in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) resistance to the bud flies (Dasyneura lini Barnes) in Central Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Pal Rishi , Malik Y. P.
Published: September 2020

A field experiment conducted for screened 288 elite gen pool of linseed against bud fly infestation at Kanpur, India during rabi 2011-12 and 2012-13. The flowering duration showed significant positive relationship (r=0.9278 and 0.9368) with bud infestation. The maximum flowering duration 32.80 and 31.44 days was recorded on variety A-44 with highest bud infestation of 62.29 and 69.99 percent during respective years against variety C-C-1-2 which had a shortest flowering duration of 8.80 and 12.94 days with the minimum 16.38 and 14.30 percent bud fly infestation. Categorization on the basis of flowering duration and damage caused by the bud fly, were found, flowering duration range (11.80- 18.30) and (12.94-21.44), number of entries 11 and 8 were resistant, (0-10 %), flowering duration range (11.80-20.80) and (11.44-25.94), number of entries, 164 and 146 moderately resistant, (10 to 25%), flowering duration range (12.80-30.80) and (11.44- 28.94), number of entries 98 and 116 moderately susceptible, (25 to 50%), flowering duration range (24.80-33.30) and (21.94-32.44), number of entries 15 and 18 susceptible, (50 to 75%), none of the varieties found highly susceptible (more than 75%) to be bud fly attack during 2011-12 and 2012-13, respectively. The variety having longer flowering duration was severely infested by bud fly as compared to those with shorter flowering duration.