bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality Improvement Decisions in Service Supply Chains with Collaborative and Free-Riding Behaviors
Authors: Shang Wenfang , Han Zaixin , Xu Zhaoguang , Li Tao
Published: October 2024

The dominant position of a member within a service supply chain plays a crucial role in fostering a willingness to improve service quality. Consequently, this study examines a service supply chain comprising a supplier and an integrator, aiming to investigate the influence of four different power structures, namely, supplier-led, integrator-led, supplier–integrator power balance, and supplier–integrator centralized decision, on the decision-making process for service quality improvement by members. The findings highlight that the optimal willingness to improve service quality in a service supply chain is not necessarily infinitely close to 100%, and is influenced by factors such as revenue share, cost, effect, and dominant position. In cases where the collaborative improvement effect is weak, even the dominant member may display a limited willingness, rendering centralized decision-making meaningless. If the collaborative improvement effect surpasses the combined independent improvement effects, the dominant position can help strengthen willingness, although it may not always result in higher profits. Conversely, a power-balanced scenario can be advantageous in achieving the highest profit for the entire supply chain.
The Metallothionein System in Tetrahymena thermophila Is Iron-Inducible
Authors: Gualandris Davide , Rotondo Davide , Lorusso Candida , La Terza Antonietta , Calisi Antonio , Dondero Francesco
Published: October 2024

Metallothioneins are multifunctional proteins implicated in various cellular processes. They have been used as biomarkers of heavy metal exposure and contamination due to their intrinsic ability to bind heavy metals and their transcriptional response to both physiological and noxious metal ions such as cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg). In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of iron and reactive oxygen species (ROSs) in the induction of the metallothionein system (Mtt) in the ciliate protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. We investigated the relative mRNA abundances of the metallothionein genes Mtt1, Mtt2/4, and Mtt5, revealing for the first time their responsiveness to iron exposure. Furthermore, by using inhibitors of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), alone or in combination with iron, we highlighted the roles of superoxide ion and endogenous hydrogen peroxide, as well as the complex interplay between the metal and ROSs. These results enhance our understanding of the metallothionein system in ciliates and suggest that ROSs may be a primary evolutionary driver for the selection of these proteins in nature.
Acceptance of Rubella-Containing Vaccine and Factors Associated with Acceptance among Women of Reproductive Age in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Xu Xia , Liu Siyu , Wang Xiaoqi , Huang Aodi , Li Jun , Zhou Yang , Wang Lei , Qin Yong , Ma Yu , An Shuyi , Liu Jun , Tang Lin , Yin Zundong , Wang Fuzhen
Published: October 2024

Objectives: To investigate the acceptance and factors influencing acceptance of rubella-containing vaccine (RCV) among women of reproductive age in Guangdong, Henan, Hubei, Liaoning, Shanxi, Sichuan and Zhejiang provinces of China. Methods: Using a stratified sampling method, we selected one urban and one rural community health services center in each of two cities in seven provinces. From these centers, we recruited women 15–49 years of age to complete a questionnaire on their willingness to receive RCV and factors influencing willingness. The survey instrument was adapted from the behavioral and social drivers (BeSD) of vaccination survey tool developed by the World Health Organization. Results: Among 1286 participants, 981 (76.3%) were willing to receive RCV. Awareness of rubella ranged from 12.4% to 70.6%. Willingness to receive RCV differed significantly by region, occupation, vaccination history, and awareness. All latent variables of the structural equation model (SEM) were positively correlated with willingness, and all standardized paths were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Thinking and Feeling had direct positive effects on Social Processes (β = 0.789) and Practical Issues (β = 0.542), thereby indirectly affecting motivation. Conclusions: Women of reproductive age had high willingness to receive the rubella vaccination, but their general awareness of rubella was relatively low. It is necessary to strengthen the health education of women of reproductive age regarding rubella to improve RCV coverage.
Age at Tumor Diagnosis in 14,636 Canine Cases from the Pathology-Based UNIPI Animal Cancer Registry, Italy: One Size Doesn’t Fit All
Authors: Fonti Niccolò , Parisi Francesca , Lachi Alessio , Dhein Elena Sophie , Guscetti Franco , Poli Alessandro , Millanta Francesca
Published: October 2024

Cancer is the most common cause of death in adult dogs. All dogs would benefit from early diagnosis, but there are no specific guidelines regarding the schedule of cancer screening in companion animals. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the age at diagnosis in Italian oncological canine patients. A total of 14,636 canine histologically confirmed neoplastic cases were coded according to the Vet-ICD-O-canine-1 and stratified by malignancy, sex, neutering status, breed, cephalic index, body size, and tumor type. Differences in age distribution were analyzed and the influence of these variables on the time of first malignancy diagnosis was assessed using an event history analysis model. The median age at diagnosis for benign and malignant tumors was 9 and 10 years, respectively. Intact and purebred dogs were diagnosed earlier, but the median age differed significantly by breed. The earliest age at diagnosis was recorded for lymphomas and mast cell tumors. The model showed an accelerating effect of large size, brachy- and dolichocephaly, and sexual integrity in female dogs on the time of malignancy diagnosis. Our results confirm that a “one-size-fits-all” approach to cancer screening is not accurate in dogs and provide relevant data that may lead to the establishment of breed-based screening schedules.
Using the Evolution of a River Technology System to Compare Classification-Based and Citation-Based Technology Networks
Authors: Gan Lin , Wei Yongping , Wu Shuanglei
Published: October 2024

With the increasing complexity of societal and environmental problems in the Anthropocene, the use of both classification-based approaches, which provide in-depth understanding within disciplinary boundaries, and citation-based approaches, which provide interdisciplinary research, has been encouraged. However, there are limited comparisons of the knowledge networks produced between these two approaches, which compromises our capacity to manage technological development. This paper aims to investigate the similarities and differences of river technology networks produced using classification-based and citation-based approaches. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) database from 1863 to 2020 was used as the data source. River technology systems contained three interactive subsystems: water demand, water supply, and water management, and the structure was measured using network-based metrics. It was found that river technology systems constructed using the classification-based and the citation-based approaches developed similarly in terms of their temporal, spatial, and compositional features. The structural differences were attributed to the addition of an external system that draws upon interdisciplinary knowledge beyond water resources. Both approaches can be used for guiding technology management, with the classification-based approach being more effective for understanding the content of innovations and the citation-based approach being more effective in gathering information beyond the water resource discipline. Technologies from more diverse disciplines should be encouraged to address increasingly complex water challenges.
A eficácia da aromaterapia em indivíduos com indicativos de ansiedade
Authors: Santos Nathália dos , Pinto Adriana Avanzi Marques
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: identificar a efetividade da aromaterapia em indivíduos com indícios de ansiedade. Método: foi realizado um estudo quase-experimental com os profissionais do setor administrativo de um hospital no interior do estado de São Paulo. Iniciou-se com a aplicação da escala HAD, instrumento eficaz no rastreio de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, sendo incluído no estudo os participantes que apresentaram escore igual ou superior a 12 pontos em relação a ansiedade. Resultados: A pesquisa foi realizada com nove participantes do sexo feminino, que foram nomeados com a letra P, para manutenção do anonimato. Na fase pré aplicação da terapêutica obtiveram os seguintes escores P1: 19, P2: 17, P3: 15, P4: 12, P5: 10, P6: 9, P7: 8, P8: 7 e P9:10. Para análise foi realizada porcentagem simples com base no escore inicial. O participante que mais apresentou redução do escore inicial, obteve 68,4%, seguido por reduções de 66,6%, 40%, 22,2%, 20%, dois participantes não apresentaram mudanças em relação ao escore inicial e um participante obteve escore mais elevado na fase pós aplicação da terapêutica comparado ao escore inicial. Conclusão: foi possível constatar que o óleo essencial de lavanda tem propriedades positivas relacionadas a redução da ansiedade, entretanto há necessidade de continuidade em estudos científicos relacionados as suas propriedades e o seu manejo na ansiedade.
Mechanical characterization of Al2219-SiC metal matrix composites
Authors: Ali Zeeshan , Kukanur Vijayendra , Bilgundi Shivkumar , Namdev Nagaraj , Manjunatha T H
Published: October 2024

The present work conducted an experimental examination to assess the tensile behaviour and microstructural characteristics of Al2219 metal alloy reinforced with 4 and 8 wt. % of SiC composites. The investigation employed the liquid metallurgical method to fabricate composites of the Al2219 alloy including SiC particles at weight percentages of 4 and 8. This work employed supplementary methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to determine the microstructural characteristics. An investigation of the mechanical characteristics of Al2219 alloy with SiC reinforced composites is conducted in accordance with ASTM Standards. Furthermore, the incorporation of silicon carbide particles into aluminium 2219 demonstrates remarkable characteristics in the field of composite materials, therefore augmenting its potential for a broad spectrum of uses. Enhancements in hardness and tensile strengths of the composites were achieved by combining different materials. The fractured surfaces of the Al2219-SiC composites displayed both brittle and ductile fracture characteristics, as indicated by their tensile test results.
Assessment of body balance status in bikers: a study using R
Authors: Mondal Sambaran , Chatterjee Sandipan , Banerjee Neepa , Mukherjee Shankarashis
Published: October 2024

Road traffic injuries are one of the most important and serious causes of unnatural death in India. Two-wheelers, especially motorcycle accidents contribute significantly in this regard. In order to avoid accidents and consequent losses, emphasis should be given on safe riding. Besides the condition of the vehicle, the road surface, willingness to adhere to safety regulations, body balance is a key factor in safe riding two-wheelers in order to avoid meeting with accidents of different consequences. In this backdrop, the study was aimed to assess whether there is any differences in body balances between the Bengalee adult male motorcyclists and similar individuals who do not know how to ride a motorcycle. 41 consenting individuals, among which 25 motorcylcists and 16 indivuals who do not know to ride motorcycle, were participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements were carried out using standard procedures and tools. Body balances tests like timed up and go and single limb step test along with visuo-tactile reaction time test were performed. Statistical package R 4.3.0 was used for statistical analysis. Student’s t test was performed. The study showed significant (P<0.05) differences in body balance parameters between the two groups of individuals. Which leads to the conclusion that motorcyclists shown better body balancing ability than their counter group.
Water-pipe Tobacco Components and their Association with Oxidative Stress
Authors: Norouzi Aida , Dehghani Tahereh , Eftekhar Ebrahim
Published: October 2024

Oxidative stress (OS) results from an imbalance between the formation and detoxification of reactive species. Although reactive species at low or moderate levels play numerous physiological roles, high concentrations can lead to disturbances in signaling and metabolic pathways and cause different metabolic, chronic, and age-related disorders. Several endogenous and exogenous processes may lead to the formation of reactive species. The severity of OS can be reduced with the help of antioxidants. Tobacco is one of the most important environmental factors contributing to reactive species production. After cigarette smoking, water-pipe tobacco (WPT) smoking is ranked as the second most popular tobacco product. Its popularity is proliferating due to flavored products, social acceptability, etc. However, studies have shown that WPT smoking is associated with an increased risk of arterial stiffness, ischemic heart disease, and several cancer types. In this study, we aimed to review the most recent evidence on WPT smoking constituents and their association with OS.
Smartphone Usage and Addiction among Undergraduate Dental Students in South India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sandya Muthyala Pavana , Tumarada Prasanth , Brahmaiah Pulicherla , Medapati Anuhya
Published: October 2024

Background: Mobile phones have become a vital part of modern life, generating concerns about addiction among students. The present study aimed to assess smartphone usage and addiction among undergraduate dental students in Eluru, Andhra Pradesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 304 dental students using a pre-designed questionnaire based on the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (SAS-SV). Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: Out of 304 participants, most spent 3–4 hours on smartphones. Females showed slightly lower addiction scores than males. Addiction tendencies differed across different academic years, with second-year students scoring the highest. Conclusion: The study’s findings suggested that most dental students were addicted to smartphones. The study also revealed that having a smartphone was a crucial asset in their daily lives, and they preferred smartphones with advanced features.
Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease for Adults 70 Years and Older in Iran During 1990-2021
Authors: Shamekh Ali , Tahmasbi Fateme , Mousavi Seyed Ehsan , Nejadghaderi Aria , Sullman Mark J. M. , Kolahi Ali-Asghar
Published: October 2024

Objectives: To report the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among those aged 70 and above in Iran by age, sex, and province from 1990 to 2021. Design: Systematic analysis. Outcome measures: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021. All estimates were reported as counts and age-standardized rates per 100000 individuals, with their corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Results: In 2021, CKD recorded an age-standardized prevalence of approximately 44 thousand per 100000 population among adults 70 years and older in Iran (95% UI: 39807–47784.5 per 100000). This rate meant a 5% increase compared to 1990, which was statistically significant. CKD also accounted for 8,725 deaths in the elderly population of Iran in 2021. Furthermore, disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rates were 3697.7 per 100000 population and had a 28.2% increase in the span of 1990–2021. Fars and Chahar Mahaal and Bakhtiari had the highest and lowest point prevalence per 100000 at 50357.2 and 40453.9, respectively, in the elderly population. In 2021, the prevalence, deaths, and DALYs due to CKD did not differ significantly between the two sexes, although the numbers were slightly higher in the female population. Moreover, the age-standardized prevalence, deaths, and DALYs of CKD in the elderly of Iran in 2021 started to rise in the 70–74 and increased with aging. Conclusions: The burden of CKD in the elderly of Iran has increased over the past 30 years. This is in line with the increase in the elderly population and the rising of its related risk factors. Preemptive measures, public knowledge raising, and the implementation of risk management policies can brighten the future of Iran’s elderly population in terms of non-communicable diseases, especially CKD.
Omicron and periodontal health; a clinical exploration of gingivitis and periodontitis
Authors: Hamed Nuha Agab , Abdul Jabbar Mohammed Reyadh , Abdljalel Mohammed Khudhur
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected global health, with variants such as Omicron posing new challenges due to their increased transmissibility and potential to evade immunity. Periodontal diseases, which are highly prevalent worldwide, have been linked to various systemic conditions, including respiratory infections. Objectives: To determine how periodontal problems affect Omicron infection susceptibility, symptom severity, and outcome in individuals infected with this variety and discover oral microbiota biomarkers that indicate severe Omicron patients. Materials and Methods: To gather data, a quantitative descriptive study was instituted, utilizing a well-structured questionnaire comprising multiple-choice and Likert scale questions. The sample population, dentists in Erbil, was reached through email, followed by statistical analyses involving mean scores, standard deviations, and practices degree to interpret the data. Results: Results displayed a varied range of perceptions, with significant discrepancies highlighted through high standard deviations in specific responses, pointing to the necessity for homogenized guidelines or educational outreach. The overall mean score categorized the sentiment as ‘Medium,’ indicating a moderate level of consensus on the relationship between the Omicron variant and periodontal issues. Conclusion: This exploration unveils not only a nuanced understanding among the dentist community but also showcases domains where unanimity is deficient, calling for intensified research and educational efforts to harmonize perspectives in this pressing matter, especially amid the prevalence of the Omicron variant. The findings signify an imperative to foster aligned understandings through enhanced educational interventions in the dental community in Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq, potentially steering towards a more cohesive approach in handling cases with pre-existing periodontal conditions amid the Omicron surge.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between gallstones and cholecystectomy with liver cancer
Authors: Ghorbani Doshantapeh Anna , Hameed Rashid Mayyadah , Muslim Mhaibes Raed , Cheraghalian Anahid , Emamieh Shahab , Hasheminezhad Nazaninfatemeh , Neshati Arash , Mardanparvar Hossein , Ghaffariyan Shahrzad
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Cholelithiasis and related treatments are associated with several gastrointestinal cancers. Thus, the present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between cholelithiasis and cholecystectomy with the risk of liver cancer. Materials and Methods: The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We performed a search on the databases of Web of Science, Cochrane, ProQuest, PubMed, and Google Scholar until January 21, 2024. Moreover, the statistical analysis was performed using the STATA 14, and the significance level was set at P<0.05. Results: The present meta-analysis included 15 studies with a total sample size of 1426704 participants. According to our results, a significant association between cholelithiasis and liver cancer (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.52, 2.03), as well as cholecystectomy and liver cancer (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.29, 1.87) were detected. Moreover, the relationship between cholelithiasis and liver cancer was significant in cohort studies (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.51, 2.04) and insignificant in case-control studies (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 0.86). However, there was a significant relationship between cholecystectomy and liver cancer in both the cohort (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.04) and case-control studies (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.41). Conclusion: In conclusion, cholelithiasis and cholecystectomy increased the risk of liver cancer by 76% and 55%, respectively. Thus, they can be considered as risk factors for liver cancer. Registration: This study has been compiled based on the PRISMA checklist, and its protocol was registered on the PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024508640) and Research Registry (UIN: reviewregistry1787) website.
A Social Survey on the COVID-19 Mortality Related to the First 48 Hours of Hospitalization
Authors: Saghi Effat , Roudi Fatemeh , Taghipour Ali , Kiani Mohammad Ali , Shabestari Mahmoud , Badiei Aval Shahpour , Anjidani Aliasghar , Amini Mahnaz , Zakerian Mohsen
Published: October 2024

Background: COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), is known for high mortality rates across the globe. Nonetheless, early diagnosis and treatment of this infectious disease are critical for increasing the recovery and survival of patients. The present study aimed to investigate the causes of delays in referring to hospitals regarding COVID-19 deaths in the first 48 hours of hospitalization to reduce mortality. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we extracted data from the families of 213 patients who died of COVID-19 between February 2020 and February 2021 in Mashhad, Iran. The data were collected via phone using an 18-item checklist designed by a panel of experts and related to the causes of hospitalization delays. Results: Out of the 213 patients who died of COVID-19 in hospitals, 62.5% (133) were male, older (64±12 years), illiterate (42%), and with one or more comorbidities (92.4%). Regarding the effect of 10 delay causes in the checklist related to hospitalization, it was reported that the highest score pertained to the fear of hospitalization (55.8%), following physicians’ advice about not referring to hospitals (44.1%), and taking herbal medicines (32.3%), respectively. Conclusion: Certain groups at higher risk of COVID-19 mortality included males, older individuals, and those with comorbidities. Fear of hospitalization was the main reason for delays in referring to hospitals, suggesting the role of demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and, most importantly, the role of social factors in increasing premature mortality.
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Quality of Life, Emotional Distress, and Pain Intensity among Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Shahdadi Hamid , Rafiepoor Amin , Erfani Nasrollah , Saffarinia Majid , Daneshi Salman
Published: October 2024

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on improving quality of life, emotional distress, and pain intensity among women with breast cancer. Methods: In this semi-experimental research, a pretest-post-test design with a control group (unequal) was used. Its statistical population included all women with breast cancer in Sirjan city in 2021. Forty women with breast cancer in Sirjan city in 2021 were selected using the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. At first, a pre-test was taken from both groups. Then, mindfulness-based stress reduction training was implemented for the experimental group, and no intervention was performed for the control group. To collect data, the quality-of-life questionnaire of the World Health Organization and the emotional distress questionnaire were used. The research data were analyzed using covariance analysis. Results: The quality-of-life scores in the experimental group increased from 20.54 in the pre-test phase to 85.97 in the post-test phase and decreased from 48.85 to 39.05 in the control group. The emotional distress score in the experimental group decreased from 100.05 in the pre-test to 51.40 in the post-test stage. In the control group, the emotional distress decreased from 107.1 in the pretest to 103.7 in the post-test stage. Also, in the experimental group, the pain intensity scores decreased from 8.60 in the pre-test to 4.35 in the post-test. In the control group, the pain intensity decreased from 7.20 in the pre-test to 7.80 in the post-test. Conclusion: Stress reduction methods based on mindfulness can be effective in the quality of life, emotional distress, and pain intensity in women with breast cancer. According to the results, it seems necessary for nurses, doctors, and patients to cooperate with psychologists to carry out interventions.
Assessment of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit of Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, 2020
Authors: Hashemian Morteza , Raeesi Reza , Karimi Nasab Alireza , Nasiri Naser , Mehmandoost Soheil
Published: October 2024

Background: Different types of coronaviruses, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and COVID-19, cause different symptoms in individuals based on their clinical and demographic signatures, leading to either alleviation or exaggeration of the disease according to patients’ characteristics. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Afzalipur hospital of Kerman. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study in which we reviewed the medical files of COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU of Afzalipur hospital, Kerman City, in 2019. Results: Out of a total of 143 COVID-19 patients, 87 (60.8%) were men, and the mean±standard deviation of the age of the patients was 56.9±22.7 years. The most common symptoms were dyspnea (81.1% n=116), fatigue (53.8%, n=77), and dry cough (44.8%, n=64). Lacrimation and pleuritic pain were observed in 3.5% (n=5) of the patients. Conclusion: Dyspnea and fatigue were the most common symptoms in COVID-19 patients at the beginning of the pandemic. Also, due to the relatively high mortality rate in our patients compared to other studies, there is a need for appropriate planning to cope with similar situations in the future.
Prediction of Social Participation Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of Mothers with Children with PKU Using a Random Forest Model: A Cross-sectional Study in Hamadan, Iran, in 2018
Authors: Dehdar Karsydani Sahar , Amari Sassan , Kamyari Naser , Eghbalian Mostafa , Mortazavi Zahra , Salarpour Elahe , Mortazavi Saideh Sadat
Published: October 2024

Background: Parents of children with chronic medical conditions, including those with phenylketonuria (PKU), face emotional stress. In this study, we will focus mainly on the social relationships, social participation, and quality of life of mothers of children with PKU using the random forest (RF) method. Method: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from the Association for the Protection of PKU in Hamadan province. We utilized the RF method for data analysis using the packages "Metrics" and "random forest SRC" in R software (version 3.2.2). Results: In total, 201 mothers who had children with PKU were included in this study. More than half (52.2%) of the mothers were aged between 18 and 35 years. Based on the random forest method, the most important predictors of the social interactions and social participation of mothers who had children with PKU were, in order, environmental health, social relationships, mental health, physical health, income, the number of family members, educational status, mothers’ job status, and age of mothers. Conclusion: The first four variables (environmental health, social relationships, mental health, and physical health) were the most effective predictors.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Based on the Approach of Muslim Scientists on Marital Intimacy and Resilience in Couples
Authors: Kazerouni Fahimeh , Molayi Hamid , Manzaritavakoli Alireza
Published: October 2024

Background: The satisfaction and quality of family life play a crucial role in the growth and development of family members. The present research aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) based on the approach of Muslim scientists on marital intimacy and resilience in couples. Methods: This research was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest in the experimental group (ACT) and the comparison group (CBT based on the approach of Muslim scientists), along with a control group. The statistical population included all couples referring to dispute resolution councils in the city of Kerman in the first half of 2023. The sample size consisted of 45 people selected purposefully, with 15 people randomly assigned to each group. The experimental group received ACT-based intervention and the comparison group received CBT-based intervention based on the approach of Muslim scientists, both for twelve 75-minute sessions, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools included the Walker and Thompson’s Marital Intimacy Scale (1983) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) (2003). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27 software. Results: The results of the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed significant differences in the scores of intimacy and resilience among the ACT, the CBT based on the approach of Muslim scientists, and control groups. The comparison of training effectiveness indicated that the ACT group was 17% effective in improving marital intimacy and 17.7% effective in enhancing resilience. In contrast, the comparison of training effectiveness showed that the CBT based on the approach of Muslim scientists group showed 0.22% effectiveness in marital intimacy and 29.2% effectiveness in resilience. Conclusion: According to the results, CBT based on the approach of Muslim scientists can be used to promote marital intimacy and resilience in couples experiencing marital conflicts.
Investigating the Effect of Participatory Management Components on Healthcare Policy Implementation
Authors: Ghanbarnejad Mahtab , Shokooh Zahra , Zayanderoodi Mohsen , Nikpoor Amin , Sayadi Saeed
Published: October 2024

Background: Healthcare policy implementation is of great importance due to its effect on society and is only possible via the intellectual and practical participation of various levels of employees. Participatory management leads to elevating productivity and respecting human values. The present study investigated the effect of participatory management components on healthcare policy implementation. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 managers and employees at Kerman and Sistan and Baluchestan universities of medical sciences experienced in policy implementation. The samples were selected using a simple random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire (derived from the results of qualitative interviews with experts) was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) using Amos 22 software. Results: The results indicated that the model had a reasonable fit and contained 12 main categories, including implementation facilitator (with a factor loading [FL] of 0.97), implementation inhibitor (FL=0.96), laying the groundwork for implementation (FL=0.65), designing implementation method (FL=0.88), systematic implementation (FL=0.80), evaluation and correction (FL=0.67), environmental facilities and conditions (FL=0.69), environmental culture (FL=0.94), compilation method (FL=0.99), implementation method (FL=0.74), positive consequences (FL=0.73), and negative consequences (FL=0.58) in five axes (causal conditions, background conditions, mediating conditions, strategies, and consequences), and 42 subcategories presented in the proposed model with latent relationships. Conclusion: The mentioned variables well explain the participatory management style related to the extent of healthcare policy implementation, and the use of participatory management has considerable positive consequences in healthcare policy implementation for policy-makers, managers, and beneficiaries of the health sector.
Design and Psychometrics of the Awareness and Self-Care Performance Questionnaire of Diabetic Patients in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Dehghani Manesh Arghavan , Yazdankhahfard Mohammadreza , Motamed Niloofar , Pouladi Shahnaz
Published: October 2024

Background: The sudden emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic worldwide has led to numerous problems for patients with chronic diseases, such as diabetics, due to the lack of required information to deal with the disease. The present research aims to investigate the design and psychometrics of the Awareness and Self-Care Performance Questionnaire of diabetic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The present methodological study aimed to investigate the design and psychometrics of the Awareness and Self-Care Performance Questionnaire. The face and content validity were assessed through both quantitative and qualitative studies. For the quantitative study, 100 diabetic patients were randomly selected during the COVID-19 pandemic. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using the internal consistency method by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Results: The original version of the questionnaire was designed with 82 items and the final version with 56 items (awareness [32 items] and self-care performance [24 items]) with seven areas, including disease characteristics, prevention ways, ways of disease transmission, disease symptoms, disease risk factors, diet, and care methods. The content validity index (CVI) was 0.97, the content validity ratio (CVR) was 0.93, and the internal consistency of the questionnaire was calculated to be 0.80 using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, showing the appropriate validity and reliability of this questionnaire. Conclusion: The Awareness and Self-Care Performance Questionnaire of diabetic patients in the COVID-19 pandemic possesses the required validity and reliability to evaluate the knowledge level of diabetic patients in infectious pandemics, such as COVID-19, and it has the applicability to be used in similar conditions. It is suggested that the questionnaire’s construct validity be measured to enhance the content validity.
The Effectiveness of Metacognitive Therapy on Rumination, Self-concept, and Perceived Social Support in Women with Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Bagheri Sheykhangafshe Farzin , Mojez Nasim , Savabi Niri Vahid , Haghighat Bayan Nazanin , Esrafilian Forough
Published: October 2024

Background: Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is an evolving therapeutic approach that has shown promise in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the impact of MCT on rumination, self-concept, and perceived social support (PSS) in women diagnosed with GAD. Methods: The current quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of women diagnosed with GAD in Tehran in 2022. The research sample comprised 36 women with GAD, selected through purposive sampling and allocated into an experimental group (n=18) and a control group (n=18). The experimental group underwent ten 90-minute sessions of MCT, while the control group received no intervention. Data were collected through questionnaires to assess GAD symptoms, rumination, self-concept, and PSS. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) via SPSS version 24. Results: The findings indicated that MCT led to a significant decrease in rumination from 53.61±3.25 to 48.94±3.45 (P<0.001) and an increase in self-concept from 70.55±2.87 to 74.16±2.74 (P<0.001) among women diagnosed with GAD. Additionally, the dimensions of PSS were significantly enhanced: support from significant others increased from 15.72±1.34 to 18.50±1.20 (P<0.001), family support increased from 17.78±1.22 to 20.50±1.91 (P<0.001), and support from friends increased from 16.22±1.74 to 19.01±1.30 (P<0.001). Conclusion: The findings from this study underscore the potential of MCT as a tailored intervention for enhancing well-being and reducing anxiety in individuals diagnosed with GAD, highlighting its relevance for clinical practice and future research endeavors.
Anxiolytic, memory improvement, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant effects of Thymus vulgaris on alcohol withdrawal syndrome in mice
Authors: Kouémou Nadège Emégam , Savo Franklin Mbeboh , Pale Simon , Noubissi Aimé Paul , Dongmo Sylviane Mireille Nguepi , Taiwe Germain Sotoing , Bum Elisabeth Ngo
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Thymus vulgaris is a plant used in Cameroon to alleviate and treat hangover symptoms. This study was conducted to assess the anxiolytic, memory-improving, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant effects of T. vulgaris on alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Methods: In this preclinical study 42 mice were grouped into seven equal sets of normal control, negative control, positive control (piracetam; 200 mg/kg), and test (T. vulgaris; 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) groups. All mice (except those of the normal control) were administered ethanol by gavage once daily for 28 days. After alcohol withdrawal, behavioral assessments (elevated plus maze, Y-maze, and open field) were performed from day 29 to day 31, one hour following appropriate treatments. Mice were euthanized on day 32 and the brains and the livers were used for histopathological assessment and oxidative stress parameters evaluation. Results: In the elevated plus maze test, T. vulgaris at 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.001) increased the number of entries and the time spent in the open arms. The plant extract (200 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.001) increased the spontaneous alternation percentage in the Y maze. T. vulgaris administration decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the brain and liver and increased glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT). The plant extract reduced the neuronal degeneration and hepatocyte damage induced by chronic alcohol administration. Conclusion: T. vulgaris had anxiolytic, memory-enhancing, and hepatoprotective properties against alcohol toxicity. These results may justify the use of thyme in traditional pharmacopeia in the management of alcohol use disorders (AUDs).
Formulation and evaluation of physical stability and antidiabetic activity from nanoliposomes containing an ethyl acetate extract of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrader & Wendland fruit in rats
Authors: Simarmata Yettrie , Arianto Anayanti , Widyawati Tri , Nasution Pandapotan
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The extract of Solanum xanthocarpum fruit has antidiabetic activity. This research aims to formulate nanoliposomes containing ethyl acetate extracts of S. xanthocarpum selected from multilevel extraction, evaluate their physical stability and antidiabetic activity, and compare them with the extract. Methods: The extracts were prepared using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water as solvents, and their antidiabetic activities were evaluated to select the extract most effective in lowering blood sugar levels in rats. That extract was formulated into three nanoliposomes using varying amounts of phospholipid, cholesterol, and Span 60, i.e., F1 (40 mmol), F2 (50 mmol), and F3 (60 mmol). Various sonication times ranging from 10 to 30 minutes were evaluated for particle size, entrapment efficiency, and physical stability. The selected formulations were evaluated for antidiabetic activity. Results: The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest decrease in glucose in rats and was selected for nanoliposome formulation. The nanoliposomes obtained were physically stable at low temperatures for 12 weeks. F2 had the smallest particle size (143.97 nm) and the greatest entrapment efficiency (92.981% ± 0.35%) with a sonication time of 30 minutes and was significantly different from F1 and F3 (P<0.05). The highest percentage reduction in blood sugar levels was with F2 at 74.57% and significantly differed (P<0.05) from the ethyl acetate extract of S. xanthocarpum at 73.98% and the positive control rat group. Conclusion: The results show the potential uses of the prepared nanoparticles, especially the F2 formulation, as an antidiabetic formula.
Artemisia pallens Wall. ex. DC: A comprehensive review
Authors: Yogendra Naraganahalli Dasappa , Kumara Rajesh Ravi , Prakash Thankaswamy Arul , Mohanty Rudra Prakash , Singh Swathi , Prakhyath Kaniya Monappagowda , Keerthi Paddambail Ellianna , Devanathan Krishnamoorthy , Pragadheesh VPPalayam Shanmugam , Sundaresan Velusamy , Verma Ram Swaroop
Published: October 2024

Davana (Artemisia pallens Wall. ex DC) is a well-known and precious essential oil-bearing plant under the family Compositae (Asteraceae). It is an erectly grown herbaceous plant exclusively cultivated as a short-term crop in south India during winter. It is distributed in the northern hemisphere in subtropical Africa, South Africa, West America, and South America; however, it is indigenous to southern India. The yearly productivity of davana oil typically falls between 8 to 10 tones. Davana oil is mainly used to flavor pastries, cakes, tobacco, and some beverages. It consists of diverse phyto-molecules and is an important and unique commodity in the fragrance, flavor, and liquor industries. It has excellent biological potential and contains volatile and nonvolatile constituents such as terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids, which have high pharmacological values. Several investigations have focused on validating the importance of chemical constituents and the biological efficacy of essential oils and various extracts in multiple industries. The review focuses on the complete agronomic practices, botany, breeding, biotechnology, and chemistry of davana essential oil (DEO), viz, volatile and nonvolatile constituents, phytomedicinal and pharmacological properties, which may help researchers achieve their future goals for approaching its industrial or commercial viability as a natural product ingredient.
Animal models for antidepressant activity assay on natural and conventional agents: A review of preclinical testing
Authors: Kristiyani Ani , Ikawati Zullies , Gani Andayana Puspitasari , Sofro Zaenal Muttaqien
Published: October 2024

Depression is characterized by symptoms such as insomnia, change in appetite and body weight, impaired concentration, lethargy, agitation, psychomotor retardation, anhedonia, feelings of worthlessness, and suicidal thoughts. Various methods have been applied to assess the efficacy of antidepressants and associated molecular processes. However, guidance on the selection of methods for antidepressant testing is still lacking. This article provides a comprehensive review focusing on animal models of depression and the behavioral and molecular changes. A literature search was conducted on platforms, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science Direct to find relevant articles. This review found that chronic unpredictable mild stress might be the best and most commonly used model for inducing depression and simulating human depressive states in animals. This model employs a naturalistic approach to expose animals to unpredictable stressors that disrupt homeostasis and cause somatic, physiological, neurobiological, and biochemical disorders and behaviors. The forced swim test (FST) is the most frequently used simple behavioral testing method that is consistent with antidepressant effects, reduces immobility time, and serves as the leading indicator of antidepressant effectiveness. The most commonly observed molecular changes are those related to the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters, such as 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which are the main etiological contributors to depression. The findings from this review will contribute to ongoing efforts to discover and develop drug candidates for the treatment of depression.
Alpinia galanga induces caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death in human lung and cervical cancer cells
Authors: Zohmachhuana Alex , Kumar Nachimuthu Senthil , Malsawmdawngliana Malsawmdawngliana , Mathipi Vabeiryureilai , Lalrinzuali Lalrinzuali , Parimelazhagan Thangaraj , Lalnunmawia F.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd is a rhizomatous, recurrent herb used to treat numerous diseases, including cancer. This study examines the efficiency of the different parts of A. galanga for their phytochemical, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. Methods: The powdered leaf, stem, and rhizome of A. galanga were extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol; the phytochemical compositions of the extracts were characterized using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Their antioxidant potentials were evaluated using different assays, including 2,2-Diphenyl-1picrylhydrazil (DPPH), 2-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), Superoxide anion (O2-), Hydroxyl radical (OH), and Phosphomolybdenum assays. The in vitro anticancer activity was studied using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Comet assay was used to determine the level of DNA damage. Inductions of morphological alterations were studied using the AO/Et-Br dual staining method. The ELISA kits were used to measure caspase activities. Results: The cytotoxicity results showed that the various extracts had inhibitory and cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines. The leaf hexane (LH) extract of A. galanga induced DNA damage with prominent increased tail length and tail moment followed by the induction of apoptotic cells and up-regulation of the caspase activities. HPLC and GC-MS analysis allowed the identification of bioactive compounds, recognized as apoptotic inducers in human cancer cells by activating caspase-dependent pathways. Conclusion: This work reports for the first time the effect of LH extract of A. galanga in triggering apoptosis in A-549 and HeLa cells through the upregulation of caspase-8 and caspase-3 activities.
Effect of Various Herbal and Chemical Enhancers on Skin Permeability to Cetirizine: A Study of Changes in Rat Skin Cells
Authors: Soleymani Saeed Mohammad , Mombeini Rahim , Salimi Anayatollah
Published: October 2024

Background: Cetirizine is a second-generation antihistamine with anti-allergy and anti-itching properties. The topical formulation of this medicine is used in androgenic alopecia treatment. Due to the hydrophilic nature of cetirizine, its skin absorption is negligible, so to increase its absorption, various enhancers were examined to see which can be used in the design of a topical formulation. Methods: First, the skin was exposed to enhancers, including eucalyptus, menthol, Tween 80, propylene glycol, and oleic acid, for 1 or 2 hours. Then, the permeability parameters of the cetirizine solution and the structural changes of the skin after exposure to enhancers were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Results: The obtained results show that all used enhancers increased the permeability of the drug cetirizine compared to water. Various mechanisms, such as liquefaction of lipids, destruction of lipid structure, and irreversible denaturation of intracellular keratin, are involved in the increase in drug penetration caused by eucalyptus, mint, Tween 80, propylene glycol, and oleic acid. Conclusions: The results showed that among the studied absorption enhancers, eucalyptus and Tween 80 had the strongest, and propylene glycol had the weakest absorption enhancement effect after 2- and 1-hour pre-contact, respectively.