bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meteorological and physical conditions of Salt Pan Areas with Filtering-Threaded Technology (TUF) in Cirebon Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Bramawanto Rikha , L. Sagala Sophia
Published: March 2019

Salt pans in Indonesia are commonly set in batch operation and highly depend on the meteorological condition. Moreover, the common salt pans are considerably limited in the area (averagely 0.5-1 Ha) as it is not organized by industries or governments; local farmers instead. However, with such confinement, there are some salt pans particularly with filtering-threaded technology system (TUF system) that successfully produce salt with high production (>100 tons/Ha/season) and grade-1 quality. The present study was aimed to get insight on the meteorological condition at the salt pans using TUF system and the physical condition of the sea brine obtained from the TUF in the local salt pans in Cirebon Regency. Measurements on temperatures (air, brine and soil), humidity, wind direction and speed, brine conductivity, brine density and salinity were conducted at the pre-crystallizer pond, brine storage pond, channels, the condenser, and the reservoir. The meteorological parameters were recorded hourly using Automatic Weather Station and the data were taken during 49 hours ly, from August 26-28, 2014 started at 04.00 pm. Meanwhile, the physical parameters of the brine were measured every three hours using water quality meter. The results showed that the meteorological condition, brine physical condition, and the process occurred during salt production were still in agreement and met the theoretical condition or modeling. Even though the relative humidity and some wind speed in the present study area were out of the standard criteria recommended (5m/s for wind speed), the study showed that salt still can be produced in condition of relative humidity (52-88%), wind speed (0.2-5.7 m/s), and ambient temperature (23.2-32.4 oC). Interestingly, it is found that brine thickness and volume could be adjusted to get an optimum temperature of brine (reached 36.2 oC), in order to enhance the evaporation process. The highest soil temperature (34.7 oC) was found at 15.00 in the pre-crystallizer ponds. Meanwhile, the lowest temperature (26.7oC) was found early morning at 04.00 in the reservoir pond. Brine in the pre-crystallizer had highest thermal storage capacity during daytime (06.00-16.00), whereas soil in the pre-crystallizer tended to store heat during the nighttime (18.00-22.00). Brine and soil temperature fluctuation indicate that solar irradiation and convection process transferring heat energy from soil to brine occurs and also took an important part in the evaporation process. It therefore can be concluded that by understanding the condition of meteorology at the salt pan areas and the brine characteristic obtained, the appropriate technology resulting high-quality and quantity salt production could be devised.
Spatial Pattern of Water Quality on Coral Reef Area Around Kaledupa Island
Authors: L. Salim Hadiwijaya , Purbani Dini , Rustam Agustin , - Yulius , D. Suryono Devi , Prihantono Joko
Published: March 2019

Healthy coral reefs depends on the quality of the waters , so that research and monitoring of water quality becomes important. This research attempt to asses marine waters quality at kaledupa island and it’ s surrounding waters on October and November 2014. 33 In-situ samples were collected using multiparameters tool purposively which are categorized into  physical parameters (temperature, turbidity and clarity), and chemical parameters (DO, salinity and pH). Waters quality defined by STORET method based on Ministry of Living Environment decree number 115 year of 2003. Analysis geographically has been conducted to describe distribution of waters quality spatially. The result shows that Kaledupa waters has sustain slightly pollution, especially on DO, turbidity, temperature and salinity parameters which have deviated from standard values. The light pollution in Kaledupa waters is suspected caused by the entry of abundance organic matter and shallow bathymetry.
Analysis of the concept of Meaningful Learning in light of the Ausubel's Theory
Authors: Agra Glenda , Formiga Nilton Soares , Oliveira Patrícia Simplício de , Costa Marta Miriam Lopes , Fernandes Maria das Graças Melo , Nóbrega Maria Miriam Lima da
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the concept of Meaningful Learning, according to David Ausubel's Theory. Method: Integrative review using the Meleis's Theoretical Analysis model. Results: The following were identified as antecedents: Previous students' knowledge, potentially meaningful instructional material and student's willingness to learn. The attributes found were: Existence of previous knowledge that allows the connection with the new knowledge; interaction of previous and new knowledge in the cognitive structure; expansion of the cognitive structure through the incorporation of prior knowledge with the new. The consequent ones found: Existence of new knowledge in the cognitive structure of the student, that generate sense and meaning in the cognitive system of the student and that confers importance to him according to the utility for his daily life. Conclusion: The conceptual analysis carried out contributed to the establishment of a more complete definition for Meaningful Learning, which can be appreciated in teaching and research, regardless of the area of activity.
Effects of atracurium besylate on corneal endothelium of chickens: in vitro study
Authors: Guimarães Celeste B. , Albuquerque Luciane , Torikachvili Marcela , Vargas Eduarda V. , Dall’Agnol Cecilia C. , Silva Tanise C. , Pigatto João A.T.
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of atracurium besylate on cellular damage in corneal endothelium of chickens. Twenty healthy chicken eyes were assigned to the following groups: Group 1 (G1), experimental group (n=10); and Group 2 (G2), control (n=10). Excised corneoscleral buttons were immediately placed on glass microscopy slides with endothelial region faced up. Corneal endothelium of eyes in G1 were covered with AB (0.2mL, 10mg/mL) for 3 min and then rinsed with balanced salt solution (BSS), while the corneal endothelium of eyes in G2 were covered with BBS for 3 min. Corneas from both groups were stained with alizarin red/trypan blue and visualized by light microscopy. Ten random photographs were taken from each cornea. The area of cellular damage was measured by software in all samples and cell loss of each group was averaged and compared. Endothelial area of denudation and Descemet’s membrane exposure were higher in G1 than G2. In conclusion, atracurium besylate induced an acute damage on corneal endothelium of chickens.
LIFE AND WORK ISSUES IN VOLUNTEER TOURISM: A SEARCH FOR MEANING?
Authors: MÜLLER CAMILA V. , SCHEFFER ANGELA B. B.
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Purpose: This paper aims to understand the motivations involved in volunteer tourism activities and the meaning of the experience to the volunteers in a post-modern context. Originality/value: Volunteer tourism is a response to the socioeconomic transformations of the 21st century. It is related to the contemporary search for meaning in the spheres of life and work. In this sense, the study proposes a new reflexive approach to the work debate, integrating issues involving the mobilization of subjectivity and post-modern perspectives. Design/method/approach: This study is a qualitative investigation with results collected through semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was used to analyze the transcripts. Findings: The participants are individuals who travel abroad seeking a meaningful tourist experience. As consumers, they welcome life experiences that represent particular aspects of their own identity, while also looking for ways to lend added value to their careers and increase their employability. The volunteer tourism industry mobilizes the production and consumption of such subjectivities, which are related to the search for meaning in the post-modern era. Self-realization, intercultural encounters, and a different perspective on reality are some outcomes of this activity. The meaning of work is itself now a merchandising instrument.
ANÁLISE DA FUSÃO AZUL-TRIP SOB A ÓTICA DOS GANHOS DE EFICIÊNCIA
Authors: Castro Kleber Pacheco de , Silva Lucia Helena Salgado e , Marinho Alexandre
Published: March 2019

RESUMO Este artigo objetivou fazer uma avaliação da fusão entre as companhias aéreas Azul e Trip, mensurando os potenciais ganhos de eficiência decorrentes do ato de concentração. Modelos de análise envoltória de dados (DEA), conjuntamente com a técnica de reamostragem denominada bootstrap, foram utilizados como instrumentos para obter essa mensuração. Os resultados mostraram que os ganhos de eficiência decorrentes da fusão são muito pequenos; uma combinação da aplicação com a teoria mostra que os ganhos podem ser negativos; os efeitos de escala não atuam em favor da fusão, enquanto os efeitos de aprendizado atuam em favor da fusão; os ganhos obtidos poderiam ocorrer mesmo sem a fusão (individualmente).
Profiles and Developmental Goals in Different Families of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Pessôa Luciana Fontes , Ramos Dandara , Vivas Lenise
Published: March 2019

Abstract The study of child development goals has been of interest in psychology for decades, however, little is known about the goals of non-nuclear families. The objective of this study was to analyze inter and intragroup differences in the profiles of autonomy, interdependence and related autonomy of couples in different family arrangements in the city of Rio de Janeiro, as well as to investigate the association of these profiles with the development goals they have for their families’ children. Fathers and mothers of children up to two years old were interviewed in 50 families (10 single-parent, 20 reconstituted and 20 nuclear). The results indicated an association between the autonomy and valorization of heteronomy goals in reconstituted families and higher interdependence scores in non-nuclear families. It is concluded that the family configuration can influence the relationship between autonomy and goals, and that the autonomy trajectories vary between family arrangements.
MEMORIAL DE AIRES: ENTRE DRAMAS E ACORDES, A INFLEXÃO PARA A LITERATURA
Authors: SARAIVA JURACY ASSMANN
Published: March 2019

Resumo Memorial de Aires funda-se sobre a ativação da memória de Aires e reproduz a memória de Machado de Assis, a qual se nutre de produções artísticas de predecessores e de contemporâneos, desafiando o leitor a acessar o repertório de sua própria biblioteca para refletir sobre a contribuição das referências intertextuais à significação da narrativa e à manifestação do posicionamento crítico do escritor. Para tanto, o artigo situa o escritor no contexto cultural da segunda metade do século XIX e correlaciona a produção do diário às suas experiências estéticas, concluindo que remissões intertextuais reproduzem a atividade crítica de Machado de Assis, que se mostra integrada à dimensão múltipla e ilimitada da literatura, conjugando a adesão à tradição literária à sua transformação.
Differences in protein expression associated with ivermectin resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Sousa Dauana Mesquita , Cunha Nivea Maria Ferreira da , Silva Deisianne Rodrigues da , Aragão Paulo de Tarso Teles Dourado de , Aguiar Mônica Valéria de Almeida , Lobo Marina Duarte Pinto , Moreira Ana Cristina de Oliveira Monteiro , Cunha Rodrigo Maranguape Silva da , Miranda Rodrigo Rodrigues Cambraia de , Bevilaqua Claudia Maria Leal
Published: March 2019

Abstract The indiscriminate administration of synthetic anthelmintics such as ivermectin contributes to the selection of subpopulations capable of resisting the drugs’ effects. To understand the mechanisms of ivermectin resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans, this study attempted to identify molecular targets. C. elegans lineages that were sensitive and resistant to ivermectin were used. Collected nematodes were added to an extraction buffer and macerated in liquid nitrogen for protein extraction. The extracted proteins were separated according to molecular weight by SDS-PAGE to verify their integrity. Subsequently, proteins from both lineages were separated using two-dimensional electrophoresis. The gels were analyzed and the relevant spots were excised and identified by mass spectrometry (NanoESI-Q-TOF and MASCOT®) and subsequently assessed by GO enrichment and STRING® analyses. The increased expression of proteins associated with high metabolic activity, such as ATP-2 and ENOL-1, which are responsible for ATP synthesis, was observed. Furthermore, proteins with involvement in mediating muscular function (MLC-1, ACT-1, and PDI-2), signaling (FAR-1 and FAR-2), and embryo development (VHA-2) were identified. Protein interaction analysis indicated that the majority of the identified proteins in the resistant lineages participated in the same reaction triggered by ivermectin.
Modeling and Planning with Macro-Actions in Decentralized POMDPs
Authors: Amato Christopher , Konidaris George , Kaelbling Leslie P. , How Jonathan P.
Published: March 2019

Decentralized partially observable Markov decision processes (Dec-POMDPs) are general models for decentralized multi-agent decision making under uncertainty. However, they typically model a problem at a low level of granularity, where each agent's actions are primitive operations lasting exactly one time step. We address the case where each agent has macro-actions: temporally extended actions that may require different amounts of time to execute. We model macro-actions as options in a Dec-POMDP, focusing on actions that depend only on information directly available to the agent during execution. Therefore, we model systems where coordination decisions only occur at the level of deciding which macro-actions to execute. The core technical difficulty in this setting is that the options chosen by each agent no longer terminate at the same time. We extend three leading Dec-POMDP algorithms for policy generation to the macro-action case, and demonstrate their effectiveness in both standard benchmarks and a multi-robot coordination problem. The results show that our new algorithms retain agent coordination while allowing high-quality solutions to be generated for significantly longer horizons and larger state-spaces than previous Dec-POMDP methods. Furthermore, in the multi-robot domain, we show that, in contrast to most existing methods that are specialized to a particular problem class, our approach can synthesize control policies that exploit opportunities for coordination while balancing uncertainty, sensor information, and information about other agents.
Degradation of an HDPE geomembrane without HALS in chlorinated water
Authors: Abdelaal F. B. , Rowe R. K.
Published: March 2019

The degradation of a 1.5 mm high-density polyethylene geomembrane without hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) immersed in four chlorinated water solutions is examined over a 3-year period at five temperatures (25, 40, 65, 75, and 85°C). To simulate field conditions in potable water reservoirs in which high successive chlorine doses are introduced into the system, the field mass loading of the chlorine was simulated in the laboratory instead of the more typical constant average chlorine concentration. The solutions had a boosted free chlorine content selected to maintain the same ratio of the mass of free chlorine in the water to the surface area of the geomembrane in the immersion jars, as experienced in field applications, for four nominal free chlorine concentrations (content of 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 ppm). The depletion of antioxidants and decrease in stress crack resistance (SCR) for a geomembrane immersed in a solution with 0.5 ppm free chlorine was much faster than in deionised and tap waters or synthetic municipal solid waste leachate. At this concentration, the geomembrane reached complete brittleness after 6 months of incubation at 85°C. Arrhenius modelling is used to predict the length of the antioxidant depletion stage and the time to brittleness (reaching SCR = 50 h) in chlorinated water.
Effect of jet grouting and dewatering on an adjacent tunnel in a Shanghai deep excavation
Authors: Wang Li , Ou Ruonan , Zheng Gang
Published: March 2019

In general, jet grouting is usually adopted in deep excavation projects to improve the soils inside and outside the pit to protect surrounding tunnels or building foundations. A cost-effective way is to keep the deformations caused by pit excavation within limitations with the minimum jet-grouting. In this study, different types of jet-grouting soils around tunnels or inside pits were compared and analysed in detail using three-dimensional finite-element modelling. Tunnels on one side of the pit or underneath the formation level were considered. A dewatering method was also introduced in some finite-element models to explore the effect of pore-water pressure (PWP) relief wells in soft clay with very low permeability. The finite-element modelling results indicated that enhancing the soils around tunnels is more profitable than only improving the soils between tunnels and retaining walls. The positive effect of jet-grouting soils above the tunnel may exert only when the excess PWP dissipates. This study may assist engineers who are seeking more cost-effective ways to protect surrounding tunnels or building foundations during deep excavation in soft clay.
SİSTEMATİK RİSK DAVRANIŞINDA YATIRIM DÖNGÜSÜ: WAVELET ANALİZİ
Authors: Uyar Umut
Published: March 2019

Yatırımcılar, finansal piyasalarda yatırımlarını yönetirken bir takım risklerle karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Sistematik risk bahsi geçen risklerin başında yer almakta ve finansal beta katsayısı ile ölçülebilmektedir. Piyasa Modeli kullanılarak elde edilen finansal beta katsayısının hesaplanması konusunda eleştiri getiren birçok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Marshall Blume (1975) ‘un çalışmasında, beta katsayısının yatırım ufkuna göre farklılık gösterdiğini ve düzeltme yapılması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Çalışmada, wavelet analizine dayanan çoklu ölçekleme tekniğini kullanarak, 1997 - 2017 yılları arasında Borsa İstanbul’da kesintisiz faaliyet gösteren 111 hisse senedi için farklı yatırım ufuklarında piyasa getirisi ve hisse senedi getirisi arasındaki sistematik risk dinamiklerinin detaylı şekilde incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Analiz sonuçları, altı farklı ölçekte elde edilen finansal beta katsayılarının yatırım ufkunun genişlemesi ile beraber 1 (bir)’e yakınsadığını ve her bir ölçek için modellerin açıklama gücünün arttığını göstermektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, analiz periyodu itibariyle 128 günlük Yatırım Döngüsü durumunu işaret etmekte ve Blume’un tespitleri ile farklı bir teknik açısından paralellik arz etmektedir.
Influence of gas atomization parameters of alloy KhN60M on the characteristics of powder for laser surfacing
Authors: Kalinin K. V. , Oglezneva S. A. , Nagaev M. S.
Published: March 2019

The object of the study was alloy powders KhN60М (EP367; 06Kh15N60М1). An overview of methods for manufacturing products from heat-resistant alloy KhN60M with an analysis of their advantages and disadvantages is given. It is shown that in comparison with injection molding and hot pressing of powders from high-alloyed special steels and alloys, additive technologies allow to obtain products of complex shape with a high level of physical and mechanical properties and material utilization. The low casting properties of the alloy under study cause the research of the atomization to meet the requirements for size, shape, morphology and fluidity of powders for additive technologies. The goal of the work was to study the effect of argon pressure during gas atomization on the physical, chemical, technological properties of powders for laser surfacing, obtained from alloy KhN60М. The technology of gas spraying of liquid melt with argon on a VIGA 2B laboratory atomizer at a temperature of 1560 °C and varying the pressure of the spraying gas in the range of 22–25 mbar was used for the manufacture of metal powder KhN60М. To select the atomization parameters, the melt viscosity values were calculated using the finite element method and its temperature dependence was constructed. The calculations were made with the ProCAST computer modeling system for casting processes. The shape and size of particles, the grain size composition were investigated using laser sedimentation, electron and optical microscopy. Quantitative metallography data were processed using the VideoTest 4 software. Fluidity of powders was measured. It was found that with increasing pressure of the spraying gas, the proportion of spherical particles increased and the fluidity of the powders improved; Feret diameter, average particle size, and d50 values did not change significantly. An experimental dependence of the increase in the yield of the powder of the target fraction (40–80 μm) with a decrease in the volume of the spray gas supply was obtained. An inversely proportional dependence of the fraction of spherical particles on the fraction of the desired cut was established. The results of the study make it possible to predict the values of the output parameters of powders during the atomization of steel KhN60M. Characteristics of powders of the –80+40 μm fraction with a shape factor of 0.99 and a yield point of 14–15 g/s make it possible to use them for the manufacture of products using additive technologies.
Physical-chemical processes of obtaining ceramic materials based on nanopowders of oxides of zirconium, yttrium, cerium and aluminum
Authors: Makarova E. N. , Antsiferova I. V.
Published: March 2019

In the study of nanoceramics, it is necessary to constantly keep in mind the closest interrelation of the production method with its structure and properties. Nanoceramic materials are used in various technical fields as structural and functional materials. It is also widely used in medicine. Nanoceramics is harmless, stable and has a great affinity with living organisms. ZrO2-based nanoceramics have a lower elastic modulus than other oxide materials. The specificity of its application lies in high resistance to rupture and thermal shock, in chemical stability at high temperatures. However, it is necessary to solve the problem of increasing the fracture toughness of ZrO2-based ceramic materials. The complex doping of ZrO2 with yttrium and cerium oxides and the use of an Al2O3 additive increase the fracture toughness and decrease the negative effect of materials in a biological environment. In this paper, the main physicochemical properties of ceramic powders and materials of the ZrO2–2Y2O3–4CeO2 – Al2O3 system, synthesized by chemical deposition of inorganic precursors using the sol-gel technology, are considered on the basis of scientific data and experimental studies. The doping of pure zirconium oxide with stabilizing oxides Y2O3, CeO2, and thermal hardening of Al2O3 ensures that the tetragonal structure is maintained at room temperature, which makes it possible to slow down and control the crack resistance of the material under load. The effects of sintering temperature and aluminum oxide content on the microstructure and grain size, as well as the physicomechanical properties of the resulting ceramic material of ZrO2–2Y2O3–4CeO2+1 wt.% Al2O3 and ZrO2–2Y2O3–4CeO2+3 wt.% Al2O3 were studied.
Structure and properties of corrosion-resistant steel obtained by selective laser melting
Authors: Smetkin A. A. , Oglezneva S. A. , Kalinin K. V. , Khanipov E. F.
Published: March 2019

The objects of study were stainless steel powder 12Kh18N10T of the 20–63 μm fraction and experimental samples obtained on the basis of it by selective laser melting (SLM). The powder was obtained by spraying with argon at a temperature of 1640 °C and a pressure of 27 bar. The particles have the dendritic-cellular structure, with a decrease in their size (<35 μm), the cellular structure prevails, and the dendritic one almost disappears. The distinctive particle size is d50 = 37 μm, d100 = 67 μm. The differential distribution curve is close to the Gaussian form, and asymmetry is associated with satellite and the presence of a small number of particles less than 20 microns in size. The fluidity of the powder was 3,27 g/s, and the bulk density was 4,41 g/cm3. The density of the 12Kh18N10T steel samples grown at the Concept Laser M2 facility with a laser power of 180 W and a speed of 700 mm/s averaged 7,89 g/cm3. Since the density of compact steel is 7,95 g/cm3, the obtained material has enough high density. The microstructure of the 12Kh18N10T sample was described by continuity, the absence of pores and cracks. It was a solid solution of austenite. The average size of coherent scattering regions in the grain volume was 19 nm. The observed arcuate boundaries of parallel semicircular tracks are due to heat removal during crystallization through SLM. The elongated crystallites in the tracks are oriented inward from this boundary. The microhardness of the samples in the transverse plane of the thin section is higher than the microhardness of the planar plane. But the microhardness of the samples obtained from the powder by the SLM is higher than that of the standard compact alloy. Tensile strength and elongation are 651 MPa and 47 %, respectively. The increase in strength is probably due to the grinding of structural parameters in SLM. The fracture surface of the samples is characterized by a pronounced viscous type.
Leveraging media informatics for the surveillance and understanding of disease outbreaks
Authors: Falade Bankole
Published: March 2019

Syndromic disease surveillance mechanisms can be enhanced by incorporating mass media informatics for disease discourse and aberration detection and social psychology for understanding risk perceptions and the drivers of uptake and resistance. Using computerised text analysis, the coverage of the outbreak of Zika virus in Brazil in 2017/2018 in four newspapers – O Estado, O Globo, the Times of London and the New York Times – was examined and patterns were compared with Google Trends. Quantitative indicators showed waves of attention to Zika peaked in the same period but local newspapers, O Estado and O Globo, indicated lower levels of anxiety in the run up to the Olympics when compared with foreign media. The unusual surge in attention to dengue in early 2015 was an early indication to sound the alarm for extensive clinical investigations. This, together with the flagging of Zika by O Globo almost a year before the global alarm, indicates the suitability of this method for surveillance and detection of aberrations. Media attention waves are also significantly associated with Google Trends, indicating empirical equivalence. Qualitative indicators show the extra motivation over Google, World Wide Web or Twitter searches by highlighting public perceptions. Findings show the absence of a stable body of scientific knowledge at the outbreak and an ensuing crisis of understanding. Local concerns were about the economic crisis, religious beliefs, poverty and crime – all inhibitors to containment – while the global alarm was amplified by risk to tourists and athletes, and political disputes mixed with religious beliefs.
Significance:

This study contributes to research on the use of longitudinal media data as surrogate sources for syndromic disease surveillance.
Mass media informatics provide empirical equivalence to Google Trends.
Clinical and non-clinical factors contributed to public anxiety over disease epidemics.
Lack of clinical knowledge at the onset of the crisis contributed to anxiety among scientists and the public.
Assessing the potential effects of nevirapine in South African surface water on fish growth: A chronic exposure of Oreochromis mossambicus
Authors: Nibamureke U. Marie Clémentine , Barnhoorn Irene E.J. , Wagenaar Gesina M.
Published: March 2019

Aquatic environments around the world have become mixtures of different types of pollutants, including pharmaceuticals. The presence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments has raised concerns regarding the possibility of unintended effects on aquatic animals. South Africa is currently the largest consumer of HIV antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) worldwide. Nevirapine (NVP), a first-line ARV, has been associated with serious liver toxicity in humans and has been repeatedly detected in South African surface water. We investigated the potential effect of NVP on the growth of larvae and juveniles of the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) through a chronic laboratory exposure. Larval and early juvenile stages were exposed to the highest reported environmental relevant concentration of NVP in South African surface water (1.48 μg/L) for 60 days in a static renewal system. Body mass and total length measurements were recorded and analysed for individuals aged 1, 5, 30 and 60 days. In total, 455 fish were assessed. The growth parameters of larvae exposed to NVP were not statistically significantly different (p>0.05) from those of control larvae. However, the juveniles exposed to NVP showed a slightly lower mean growth rate between the 30th and 60th day compared with the control fish. These results suggest that the concentration of NVP in South African surface water has no significant detrimental effects on fish growth during the first 2 months of their life. Further studies to investigate the effects on all life stages of fish are needed as it is evident that the growth rate of exposed fish could be affected after this stage.
Significance:

This study was the first to investigate the effect of an antiretroviral drug in surface water on fish growth.
Chronic exposure to the highest environmentally relevant concentration of nevirapine in South African waters did not affect the growth of early life stages of Mozambique tilapia.
The levels of antiretrovirals in aquatic systems should be monitored closely as their consumption is likely to increase in the future.
Cumhuriyet Dönemi Yabancı Eğitim Uzmanlarından John Dewey ve Beryl Parker’ın Raporlarında “İyi Vatandaş” Algısı
Authors: YALÇIN Ali
Published: March 2019

Eğitimle ilgili
tarihsel dokümanlar, belgeler ve raporlar, dönemin iyi ve nitelikli vatandaş
özelliklerinin nasıl olması gerektiği üzerine odaklanmıştır. Cumhuriyet
döneminde, eğitim ve öğretim faaliyetlerinin niteliğini arttırmak için birçok
yabancı eğitim uzmanı Türkiye’ye gelmiştir. Özellikle, 1923-1960 yılları
arasında farklı ülkelerden yabancı eğitim uzmanları, ülkemize davet edilmiş ve
Türk eğitim sisteminin sorunlarına çözüm üretmek amacıyla birçok rapor
hazırlanmıştır. Yabancı uzmanların bu raporlarında, sunmuş oldukları çözüm
önerileriyle Türk eğitim yapısı üzerinde önemli etkiler bıraktığı söylenebilir.
Özellikle bu uzmanlar raporlarında, iyi vatandaş özelliklerinin nasıl olması
gerektiği ve bununla birlikte nitelikli bir insan yetiştirmenin nasıl olması
gerektiğine dair, birtakım önemli görüş ve öneriler belirtmişlerdir. Özellikle,
John Dewey, Türk eğitim sisteminin genel yapısı üzerine, Beryl Parker ise
ilköğretim alanında rapor sunmuştur. Bu yabancı eğitim uzmanları, hazırlamış
oldukları raporlarda, eğitim sistemiyle ilgili önemli tespitler yapmışlardır.
Bu nedenle araştırmanın amacı; Cumhuriyet dönemi yabancı eğitim uzmanlarından
John Dewey ve Beryl Parker’ın raporlarında iyi vatandaş algısını tespit
etmektir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden dokuman
incelenmesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın veri kaynağı, John Dewey ve
Beryl Parker’ın raporlarından oluşmaktadır. Bu raporlardan elde edilen veriler,
içerik analizine dayalı olarak kodlanıp kategori haline getirilmiştir. Bunun
sonucunda kategorileşen veriler, yorumlanmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları iki
alan uzmanı tarafından kontrol edilerek çalışmanın geçerlilik ve güvenirliği
arttırılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Examining Undergraduate Students’ and In-Service Graduates’ Perceptions of Their Professionally Oriented Foreign Language Needs
Authors: Yakusheva Irina , Marina Olga , Demchenkova Oksana
Published: March 2019

Increasing workplace demands on foreign languages skills in professional settings call for a number of considerable changes in the university learning context regarding foreign language teaching. The present study aimed to assess the language needs within and across employed university graduates, first, third, and fourth-year students of non-language majors to further inform such changes. All four language skills, the context of both current foreign language education programs and the use of a foreign language at the workplace were considered. Questionnaires including Likert scale, multiple choice, and open-ended items were distributed among 110 students and 35 currently employed graduates. Descriptive statistics and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey HSD and Holm-Bonferroni tests were used to analyze the data. The results indicated several areas of agreement among the participants: A clear need for all four language skills to be developed as high as C2 level and the consistent need to improve speaking. However, several noticeable discrepancies between the perceptions of the target groups regarding the context of workplace language use, such as how often, where, and with whom they expect to communicate, and need for professionally oriented foreign language were revealed. Overall, students may need to be more informed about the challenges regarding the workplace context for language use.
CHEMICAL TERMINOLOGY AND NOMENCLATURE OF COORDINATION CHEMISTRY
Authors: Golub A.
Published: March 2019

Ukrainian chemical terminology is one of the most advanced in the world, due to the rapid development after the rise of independence and it basing on the latest developments of IUPAC terminology and nomenclature. First of all, it is owed to the fundamental principles developed by our predecessors, who, in the difficult times of Soviet power, overcoming the impenetrable walls of imperial resistance, nevertheless tried to promote the development of chemical terminology in the course of time, and sometimes ahead of the advanced international and national terminology of others, even free countries. The orientation on the international terminology standards was chosen to build a new Ukrainian terminology and nomenclature at the Department of Inorganic Chemistry of Shevchenko University of Kyiv in the 50's – 70's of the 20th century The basic requirements for the terminology and nomenclature of inorganic chemistry were formulated, which can be used as a guide for the development of Ukrainian chemical terminology and nomenclature nowadays: 1.Chemical terms should correspond to the modern meaning. 2. The nomenclature of inorganic compounds and elements should be consistent with the foundations of inorganic chemistry. 3. The nomenclature should be developed in close connection with the systematics of chemical elements and compounds. 4. The new Ukrainian nomenclature in inorganic chemistry should be based on the international nomenclature. 5. When creating a new nomenclature it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the Ukrainian language. 6. The nomenclature should be rational and give unambiguous names of chemical compounds. 7. The transfer of terms and names from other languages should be created according to the phonetic principle and transcribed from the original language. The most important principles of Ukrainian chemical terminology and nomenclature of coordination chemistry have been discussed, examples of the possibilities of adaptation of the IUPAC nomenclature rules on the basis of the Ukrainian language have been demonstrated.
The Formation of the Tutor’s Role in the School as an Indicator of Social Expectations from Educating Children in a Private School (on the Example of Horoshkola)
Authors: Kraynova P.O. , Obuhov A.S.
Published: March 2019

Nowadays, attitude towards childhood is changing, the value of individual development of the child is intensifying. The demand for the construction and maintenance of individual educational path is increasing. This creates a demand for new professional duties, including support of the individual educational program delegated to the profession of a tutor. The study aims to identify the social roles of the tutor in the first year of formation of the educational community of a private school. The hypothesis of the study: within the process of active formation of social community of the new school tutor, while interacting with parents, teachers and administration, takes on a number of informal duties associated with individual work with the student in excess of educational tasks. The qualitative research strategy was applied due to the need for in-depth analysis and identification of cause-and-effect relationships and hidden meanings in the system of social interactions. The sample (21 people) included representatives of various social roles: tutors — 8 persons; parents of pupils — 5 persons; representatives of administration — 3 persons; subject teachers — 3 persons; psychologists — 2 persons. Data gathering was carried out by the method of in-depth semi-formalized interview based on the developed research program (40 initial questions). It was revealed that the role-based set of duties of the tutor in the new school is not a given characteristic of the profession in question, but is a product of contexts and interactions that form the content of a unique institution under conditions of emerging communications, events and school’s way of life. At the end of the first cycle of life of the educational community of the school a wide range of roles of the tutor was formed, which actualizes the task of professional self-determination of the tutor in the system of social interactions.
Prepare Foam with Injection Molding Method in Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Matrix Using Chemical Foam Agent
Authors: Akinci 1 Akin , AYCICEK 1 Muhammet , CAKIR 1 Sedef
Published: March 2019

In this study, it is aimed to decrease the weight of the material by using polymer foam materials with lower density instead of commercial polymers which have wide usage area. For this purpose, polymer foam was produced by using an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) matrix and an endothermic chemical foam agent using injection molding method. The foam cell morphology, shell layer thickness and mechanical properties of the final part were investigated taking into consideration the weight-changing ratios of the foam agent content (1-1,5-2-2,5-3%).
Investigation of the mechanical and physical properties of PLA produced by injection molding for matrix material of polymer composites
Authors: Cakir 1 Sedef , Aycicek 1 Muhammed , Akinci 1 Akin
Published: March 2019

Polymer materials are increasingly being used due to their superior properties such as light weight, low cost and corrosion resistance. The difficult destruction of highly advantageous polymers in the environment leads to environmental problems and has some disadvantages as they are obtained from exhausted sources such as oil. These problems brought new quests and biopolymers derived from renewable sources came to the forefront. In this study, mechanical and physical test results applied to PLA, which is biopolymer and their use as matrix are investigated. Mechanical tests show that PLA, which has a tensile strength of 46.88 MPa, an impact strength of 9.27 kJ/m2 and a hardness of 79.6 Shore D, can be used as a substitute for polymers derived from petroleum-based sources.
Machining millimeter-scale deep holes in SiCf/SiC material using femtosecond laser filamentation effect
Authors: Zhao 1,2 Jie , Wang 1,2 Wenjun , Wang 1,2 Ruijia , Cui 1,2 Jianlei
Published: March 2019

A 3.5 mm thick SiCf/SiC material was drilled in air environment using a femtosecond laser filament effect. The surface morphology of deep micropores was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the depth and profile of the pores were observed using μm-CT. The variation of entrance diameter, exit diameter and depth variation with laser focus position and processing time was further analyzed. The results showed that as the processing time of femtosecond laser increases, the ablation threshold of the material reached saturation. The exit and entrance diameter also stopped increasing and the aperture tend to saturate. The focus entered the interior of the material, allowing the location of the peak power near the surface of the material. So the entrance aperture was of good quality and the exit aperture was round.
Methods of Delivery of Medications for the Treatment of Oncological Diseases
Authors: Oltarzhevskaja N.D , Krichevskij G.E. , Korovina M.A. , Shvets V.I. , Kubatiev A.A.
Published: March 2019

The review focuses on the analysis of various methods of obtaining and applying therapeutic materials used for targeted drug delivery to the lesion site of cancer patients. Special attention is paid to creation of targeted drugs by using nanotransporters, obtained by dispersing lipids in water and, in particular, liposomes; efficiencyof such nanotransporters depends the nature of drugs introduced into them (cytostatics). The review also describes methods of targeted transport of cytostatics to tumor tissues. The use of hydrogel therapeutic compositions based on biopolymers polysaccharides for the targeted delivery of chemotherapy drugs introduced into them, allows to control the mass transfer rate of drugs to tumor and to create therapeutic materials with predetermined properties in terms of drug concentration in the lesion site and time prolongation, which reduces toxicity of the treatment and increase its effectiveness.
Identité narrative et intertextualité dans l’ecriture autofictionnelle d’Helene Cixous et d’Annie Cohen
Authors: Peral Crespo Amelia
Published: March 2019

Quel rôle joue la mémoire dans la construction d’une identité plurielle ? Quelle en est la représentation dans l’écriture autofictionnelle d’Hélène Cixous et d’Annie Cohen ? Si la mémoire présuppose une représentation de l’expérience vécue, elle implique alors la reconstruction subjective que le sujet réalise dans le discours narratif. Dès lors, il se construit une identité narrative qu’il développera dans l’écriture. Ces deux auteures dialoguent avec les diverses voix intertextuelles qui peuplent leur écriture. En mettant en jeu une multiplicité de voies ou voix, elles recréent une identité narrative plurivocale qui permet le passage de la mêmeté à l’ipséité (Ricœur).
Diagnostic evaluation of causes of bleeding per vagina in pregnancy through ultrasonography
Authors: K. K. Sumathy
Published: March 2019

Background: Vaginal bleeding is a common obstetric situation ranging from an insignificant episode to life threatening emergency. Ultrasonography is playing an increasing role in the diagnostic process. The objective of present study was to evaluate the uses of ultrasound as new diagnostic aid for patients of bleeding PV in pregnancy.Methods: A hospital-based prospective study was conducted among 100 pregnant patients who have the problem of bleeding. A complete general physical and pelvic examination was done, and patients were then subjected to ultrasound examination. Epi info 7 software was used for statistical analysis. Chi- square test was used as the test of significance. P<0.05 is considered statistically significant.Results: Among these 100 cases, Incomplete abortion was the commonest cause of bleeding. This was observed in 15 cases (27%). There were 8 (20%) cases of complete abortion in the present study in the scan done on <20 weeks. Abruptio placenta was seen in 10 (25%) cases as the most common cause in the scan after 20 weeks.Conclusions: Ultrasound is a valuable tool in the differentiation of causes of first trimester vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound is helpful in the decision-making algorithm about the safe continuation of the pregnancy, timely intervention for abnormal pregnancy.
Factors influencing the acceptance of cervical cancer screening among civil servants in Delta State Secretariat
Authors: Okwe Uchechukwuka Nnemdi , Chime Helen , Nwose Ezekiel Uba
Published: March 2019

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the top two cancers affecting Nigerian women. This has created impetus to investigate the situation. This third of a four-part series seeks to evaluate perception, acceptance and psychosocial factors of cervical screening among women who are gainfully employed in the State’s civil service within Delta State Secretariat.Methods: Based on cross-sectional descriptive survey using a structured questionnaire and ‘N=285’ participants. Statistical analysis assessed percentage proportions of respondents; as well as absolute and relative frequencies of the factors associated with acceptance of screening. Chi-squared analysis was based on no/yes response to have done cervical screening.Results: About 10% of respondents have undergone cervical screening. 16% of the lowest income earners have done the screening, compared to 8% and 10% of the mid income and high income group, respectively. Nature of work implying time constraints was an absolute factor. Knowledge of what cervical cancer is; the causes; how to detect and prevent it are significantly associated (p <0.01), while accessibility, fear of adverse effect and attitude of healthcare workers were significant psychosocial factors (p 0.01).Conclusions: This report affirms nature of work and accessibility as two of four major factors influencing acceptance of cervical screening among working class women in Delta State secretariat. It is hereby suggested to expound sites of cervical service programs.
Effect of perineal massage in the second stage of labour, on the incidence of episiotomy and perineal tears
Authors: Raja Abinaya , P. Pallavee , Samal Rupal
Published: March 2019

Background: This study aimed to investigate whether perineal massage during second stage of labour could decrease perineal trauma in the form of episiotomy and perineal tears.Methods: One hundred and fifty term antenatal women in labour were randomly assigned to two groups, one of which received perineal massage and the other received routine care during the second stage. Frequency of episiotomies, perineal tears, intact perineums, degrees of perineal tears, duration of second stage of labour and perineal pain after 24 hours was compared.Results: Perineal massage was efficient in reducing incidence of episiotomy, duration of second stage of labour and perineal pain assessed 24 hours after delivery. The frequency of perineal tears and intact perineums did not differ significantly. Perineal massage was protective against severe form of third degree perineal tears.Conclusions: Authors suggest that perineal massage can be routinely practiced by health professionals to improve quality of life in women post vaginal delivery.