bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organização popular e subjetividade: costurando sentidos com a juventude de uma comunidade de Fundo de Pasto
Authors: Aquino Sonha Maria Coelho de , Epiphanio Erika Hofling
Published: May 2020

Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender a construção de sentidos dos jovens no processo de organização popular em uma comunidade tradicional de Fundo de Pasto. O acesso à experiência ocorreu por meio de observação participante com registro em diário de campo. A análise dos dados seguiu o caminho fenomenológico indicado por Amatuzzi (1996): a) sintonizar com o todo do vivido; b) encontrar os elementos experienciais; e c) realizar uma síntese da experiência. A partir desse percurso, identificou-se que os sentidos emergidos estão fortemente direcionados a um sentimento de pertencimento à terra e valores de coletividade, levando a compreensão de um jeito de ser no mundo, silenciado e ameaçado. Aponta-se que é na interação dialética entre as subjetividades e as questões sociais que ocorre a potencialização da organização popular, levando os jovens a maior envolvimento crítico consigo e com sua realidade. Diante disso, fica o desafio, a provocação e a possibilidade de uma atuação da psicologia que problematize e questione as estruturas que violentam as subjetividades dos povos.
A reutilização do esgoto tratado para fins agrícolas: estudo de caso em Arapiraca (Nordeste, Brasil)
Authors: Oliveira Ewerthon José Corrêa de , Oliveira Netto Antonio , Alexandre Jeisiane Isabella da Silva , Barros Vitor Hugo de Oliveira , França Neto José Martins de , Carvalho Lívia Maria Alves Lino Acioly de
Published: May 2020

O crescimento populacional e os impactos ambientais negativos produzidos pelo homem na natureza aceleram a redução da disponibilidade de água em determinadas regiões. Neste contexto, o reuso do esgoto tratado é uma alternativa potencial, principalmente para as atividades agrícolas. O município de Arapiraca, localizado no nordeste brasileiro, possui destaque por sua produção agrícola, especificamente no polo Bananeiras, em sua zona rural. Apesar de estar inserido em uma região de clima tropical sub-úmido, o município apresenta um quadro de escassez hídrica. Nesse sentido, o reuso do esgoto tratado poderá ser uma forma de mitigação da escassez da água e o fomento da agricultura nesta localidade. Com a implantação do sistema de saneamento básico do município, o presente estudo objetiva sugerir um descarte sustentável para a Estação de Tratamento do Esgoto (ETE) planejada. Assim, foi avaliado o potencial do reuso agrícola do esgoto tratado na ETE, como fonte de irrigação para os agricultores no entorno daquela localidade, verificando o atendimento aos índices da OMS, USEPA e PROSAB. Os resultados obtidos foram positivos tendo em vista que o efluente tratado, analisado teoricamente e baseado no estado da arte, a depender do nível de eficiência adquirida ao longo do tratamento, atendeu os parâmetros analisados e as recomendações das agências regulamentadoras que norteiam este tema.
Aplicabilidade e benefícios da dançaterapia como prática de cuidado em saúde: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Schneider Amanda Schons , Ceolin Silvana , Badke Marcio Rossato , Heisler Elisa Vanessa , Lautenschleger Gabriel , Da Costa Angélica Reolon
Published: May 2020

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a aplicabilidade e os benefícios da dançaterapia como prática de cuidado à saúde. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, desenvolvida no primeiro semestre de 2019, nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF) e biblioteca eletrônica Scientific Electronic Library On-line (SciELO), aplicando a combinação dos descritor es: dança and terapia. A análise temática foi organizada em três categorias: Dança Folclórica, Dança de Salão e Dança Livre. Os resultados evidenciam que a prática proporciona melhora nos aspectos motores, na autoestima e na independência funcional, auxilia os indivíduos a serem participativos e atuantes na comunidade. Enquadra-se como uma atividade física, sendo recomendadas para diminuição de fatores de risco cardiovasculares e mentais. Conclui-se que a dança se mostra como um caminho terapêutico capaz de contemplar o ser humano em todas as suas necessidades e singularidades, permitindo conexão entre corpo e mente, fornecendo ao indivíduo percepções sobre saúde e qualidade de vida.
Investigação sobre cachaças brasileiras quanto a sua padronização e qualidade
Authors: Santiago Wilder Douglas , Borges Cleber Nogueira , Barbosa Richard Bispo , Mendonça Hélia Alves , Nelson David Lee , Cardoso Maria das Graças
Published: May 2020

Incluir o resumo. O agronegócio da cachaça é uma prática representativa no mercado brasileiro. Estima-se que o setor produza anualmente 1,3 bilhão de litros da bebida, tendo um total de 30 mil estabelecimentos produtores, gerando mais de 450 mil empregos diretos e indiretos. O processo produtivo da cachaça se estabelece em quase todos os estados brasileiros, sendo os principais estados produtores São Paulo, Pernambuco, Ceará, Rio de Janeiro, Goiás e Minas Gerais, que respondem por cerca de 75% da produção nacional. A cadeia produtiva da cachaça no país não é homogênea, mesmo pela tradição e pela importância econômica desta bebida no país. Buscam-se melhorias no desenvolvimento de tecnologias para aperfeiçoar e controlar a qualidade e a padronização da bebida nos aspectos físico-químicos e sensoriais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a similaridade das variáveis determinantes da qualidade das cachaças produzidas em nosso país utilizando a técnica da análise de agrupamento multivariada. Foram coletadas 512 amostras, onde suas análises físico-químicas foram aplicadas na análise multivariada. Pelos resultados foi possível observar que 70% das amostras estudadas apresentam padrões de identidade e qualidade exigidos pelo Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). Todos os parâmetros analisados apresentaram resultados de inconformidade frente a legislação. Com a Análise das Componentes Principais (PCA) aplicada, foi possível observar uma homogeneidade quanto ao processo produtivo em relação ao perfil físico-químico realizado nas amostras. De maneira geral é possível inferir que o processo produtivo da cachaça está sendo satisfatório, porem muita coisa pode ser melhorada em relação ao comercio e na padronização das cachaças brasileiras.
Conversão de sistema de comando de embarcações de mecânico para eletroeletrônico
Authors: Baccarat Roberto Fábio Conway
Published: May 2020

O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar é relatar o desenvolvimento de produto que tem por finalidade, melhorar as condições operacionais do sistema de aceleração e engate de pequenas embarcações e a acessibilidade aos usuários com capacidade financeira limitada. Isso foi alcançado por meio da diminuição do desgaste mecânico dos cabos de tração (puxe e empurre), devido à eliminação do atrito com a  instalação de componentes eletroeletrônicos e cabos condutores, de forma a atender as necessidades dos proprietários de barcos bem como as dos marinheiros que pilotam as suas embarcações e também minimizar despesas financeiras com manutenção e reposição de componentes. O produto é capaz de reduzir em 60% o esforço do condutor ao acionar o comando de engate-aceleração, com engates precisos e aceleração suave e proporcional ao curso do comando, e possibilita a reversibilidade ao sistema convencional (cabos de tração) em caso de pane elétrica ou se o proprietário desejar remover o sistema, já que ele é facilmente desinstalado/reinstalado em outra embarcação, apenas alterando o comprimento do cabo condutor em função das dimensões da embarcação (maior ou menor). Concluiu-se que esta modificação melhora a relação: Custo x Benefício x Operacionalidade.
Os motivos que impedem a adesão masculina aos programas de atenção a saúde do homem
Authors: Balbino Carlos Marcelo , Silvino Zenith Rosa , Santos Josiane Soares dos , Joaquim Fabiana Lopes , Souza Cláudio José de , Santos Lucimere Maria dos , Izu Marina
Published: May 2020

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os motivos que impedem a adesão masculina aos Programas de Atenção á Saúde do Homem. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo de abordagem qualitativa realizado em um Hospital Escola com 30 homens que procuravam o serviço de Pronto Atendimento Adulto, receberam e responderam a um questionário semi estruturado no mês de agosto de 2018, os dados obtidos foram transcritos para um banco eletrônico e receberam análise estatística e descrição dos dados. Diante da análise foi possível discutir que o motivo do impedimento foi o trabalho, e as sugestões mais frequentes foram abrir aos finais de semana; atendimentos depois do horário comercial; e mais médicos para o atendimento. Ante ao exposto foi possível concluir que é necessária à adoção de estratégias para o incentivo da população masculina a procura dos serviços de atenção primária de saúde através dos meios de comunicação e da busca ativa pelos agentes de saúde das Unidades Básicas de Saúde, ações e orientações podem contribuir para melhorar adesão da população masculina aos programas da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem.
Análise da distribuição geográfica e caracterização soroepidemiológicas da leptospirose em bovinos abatidos em frigoríficos do Sudoeste Goiano, Brasil
Authors: Galvão Laura Baialardi , Gomes Patrícia da Silva , Assis Nivaldo Aparecido de , Amaral Andreia Vitor Couto do , Ramos Dirceu Guilherme de Souza , Sousa Daniel Bartoli de Sousa , Gitti Clayton Bernardinelli , Galarza Maria Fabiana Cipolini , Romani Alana Flávia , Cruz Carolina de Alvarenga , Mathias Luis Antonio , Meirelles-Bartoli Raphaella Barbosa
Published: May 2020

A leptospirose encontra-se amplamente difundida pelo mundo. Na espécie bovina as perdas econômicas estão associadas principalmente com falhas reprodutivas. Devido à sua importância, o objetivo do trabalho foi determinar as sorovariedades mais relacionadas à leptospirose bovina no sudoeste goiano, Brasil. Foram coletadas 2.006 amostras em dois frigoríficos de 14 dos 18 municípios dessa região. Para o diagnóstico, as amostras de soro sanguíneo foram submetidas ao teste de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM), frente a 32 sorovariedades de leptospiras adotando-se como positivo título maior que 100. Foi realizada uma distribuição geográfica dos animais positivos e das principais sorovaridades presentes no sudoeste goiano, e também, um questionário com os produtores, contendo informações epidemiológicas, sendo a vacina uma das medidas profiláticas referentes à infecção, por outro lado também foi observado que animais vacinados também se mostraram sororreagentes. Notou-se 1.406 (70,1%) bovinos foram sororreagentes para pelo menos uma das 32 sorovariedades de Lepstospira ssp. testadas. As sorovariedades mais frequentes foram Guaricura (30,80%), Wolffi (30,51%), Shermani (9,39%), Hardjo (7,54%), Bananal (4,27%) e Pomona (3,27%). Sendo Serranópolis (77,9%), Perolândia (75,5%), Caiapônia (74,7%) e Jataí (73,2%) os municípios com maior frequência de animais sororreagentes. Por meio desta pesquisa, demonstrou-se um alto índice de animais sororreagentes da região estudada, reforçando a importância da infecção pela leptospirose na região do Sudoeste do Estado, sendo necessário assim, a implementação de medidas gerais de controle e infecção dos animais.
Atividade respiratória e qualidade físico-química de frutos de juazeiro (Ziziphus joazeiro Mart.)
Authors: Sousa Eder Pereira da Rocha , Costa Franciscleudo Bezerra da , Silva Jéssica Leite da , Nascimento Ana Marinho do , Silva Álvaro Gustavo Ferreira da , Alcântara Charlene Maria , Sales Giuliana Naiara Barros , Macêdo Larissa Félix , Souza Pahlevi Augusto de , Gadelha Tatiana Marinho , Ribeiro Wellington Souto
Published: May 2020

O juazeiro (Ziziphus joazeiro Mart.) é uma planta típica do Nordeste brasileiro que possui frutos comestíveis, com sabor adocicado e rico em vitamina C. Algumas pesquisas são direcionadas a caracterização física desses frutos, no entanto, pouco se conhece a respeito da sua natureza respiratória. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar a atividade respiratória (CO2) e as características físico-químicas dos frutos de juazeiro em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento. Para isso, frutos em cinco estádios de maturação (I, II, III, IV e V) foram colhidos de plantas localizadas no Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus Pombal-PB, e avaliados de acordo com acidez titulável, pH, sólidos solúveis, ratio, ácido ascórbico, clorofila total, carotenoides totais e taxa respiratória. Os frutos de juazeiro do estádio de maturação IV obtiveram baixa acidez, elevados teores de sólidos solúveis e ácido ascórbico. No aspecto sensorial e nutricional, essas características são importantes para o consumo in natura e para o processamento. A taxa respiratória elevou-se com o tempo armazenamento para todos os estádios de maturação. Os frutos do estádio de maturação IV apresentaram pico climatérico às 16 horas de armazenamento, propondo que os frutos de juazeiro apresentam natureza climatérica.
The lay of the land: a political geography of an ancient Maya kingdom in West-Central Belize
Authors: Helmke Christophe , Ebert Claire E. , Awe Jaime J. , Hoggarth Julie A.
Published: May 2020

The Belize Valley figures prominently in the history of Maya archaeology as the birthplace of settlement pattern surveys, where Gordon R. Willey and his colleagues conducted their pioneering research project, from 1954 to 1956. Six decades on, settlement surveys are an integral part of archaeological research strategies not only across the Maya area, but globally. With the advent of LiDAR technology, settlement surveys enter a new developmental phase, and we take this opportunity to review the history and progress of these surveys in the Belize Valley. We focus on one particular archaeological site, Baking Pot, so as to better illustrate the methods and technological advances that have been brought to bear in the mapping of one ancient Maya city-state. Now that the survey of this ancient settlement is nearing completion, we veer from traditional settlement surveys that in principle focus on unbounded central places and centroids, in an attempt to tackle an important question, which to date has remained conspicuously understudied, that of borders and boundaries. Using a series of geospatial analyses, we investigate the potential of these approaches for reconstructing ancient polity boundaries and as lessons learned we explore which methods are of greater utility and can be applied to other surveys in the Maya lowlands.
La “personeidad” de la caguama: arte rupestre, paisaje y agencia en la costa central de Sonora, México
Authors: Vigliani Silvina
Published: May 2020

Not all societies identify themselves and the others in the same way nor do so invariably over time. At the same time, not all of them conceptualize the same notion of being and relating, nor do we have to expect that different social collectives in time and space understand objects, animals, stars, rocks, dead or places in the same way we do. Therefore, the main interest of this work is not so much discovering the function or meaning of the archaeological remains we study but trying to understand them in their own ontological parameters.Based on that, we propose starting our study from 1) the critical review of our categories in order to deconstruct their sen-ses, and 2) the reading of ethnographic information which introduce us to other forms of Being-in-the-world. From this point, we can propose and apply methodological tools in order to analyze the information from a closer ontological position to that of the groups we study. In this case, I will analyze the way in which certain images painted on the rock would have affected the transformation of the body and the identity of those who painted them. This analysis will be addressed from the relational approach through the landscape archaeology and the agency theory as analytical tools.
Coda: Non-Consensual Democracy as a Political Form of Critical Community
Authors: Koczanowicz Leszek
Published: May 2020

In this closing chapter, the concept of non-consensual democracy is discussed against the background of the notions of democracy endorsed in contemporary political theory. Two main strands in democratic theory are examined: that of consensus and that of disagreement. The role of disagreement is particularly stressed as this facet of democracy has been underestimated so far. The point is that disagreement does not necessarily have to lead to social chaos and, ultimately, to the hegemony of one group involved in struggle. The project of non-consensual democracy aims at overcoming this contradiction. Non-consensual democracy is a democracy in which disagreement is combined with better understanding among all the parties to a dispute. For non-consensual democracy to be possible, certain conditions must be met. First, it demands an ethical commitment to dialogue. Second, it requires solidarity as a regulative principle. Third, the system of democratic institutions has to be organized to facilitate social understanding.
Reagan and Thatcher's Special Relationship
Authors: Treharne Sally-Ann
Published: May 2020

Reagan and Thatcher’s Special Relationship offers a unique insight into one of the most controversial political relationships in recent history. An insightful and original study, it provides a new regionally focused approach to the study of Anglo-American relations. The Falklands War, the US invasion of Grenada, the Anglo-Guatemalan dispute over Belize and the US involvement in Nicaragua are vividly reconstructed as Latin American crises that threatened to overwhelm a renewal in US-UK relations in the 1980s. Reagan and Thatcher’s efforts to normalise relations, both during and after the crises, reveal a mutual desire to strengthen Anglo-American ties and to safeguard individual foreign policy objectives whilst cultivating a close personal and political bond that was to last well beyond their terms in office. This ground-breaking reappraisal analyses pivotal moments in their shared history by drawing on the extensive analysis of recently declassified documents while elite interviews reveal candid recollections by key protagonists providing an alternative vantage point from which to assess the contentious ‘Special Relationship’. Sally-Ann Treharne offers a compelling look into the role personal diplomacy played in overcoming obstacles to Anglo-American relations emanating from the turbulent Latin American region in the final years of the Cold War.
Introduction
Authors: Treharne Sally-Ann
Published: May 2020

Individuals and relations between leaders play a role in international politics. The broadly parallel leaderships of President Ronald W. Reagan and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher saw a revival of the Anglo-American ‘Special Relationship’ in the 1980s. The quality and intensity of their personal rapport is frequently assumed to have played a role in this. Deepening Cold War tensions and a strong anti-communist rhetoric also played important roles in drawing the two leaders closer. A commonality of many critical interests, along with cultural, linguistic, political and filial ties, underpinned their growing attachment and friendship. In addition, pre-existing intelligence cooperation, defence and nuclear interdependence (most would say British dependence on the US) helped to forge strong links between both countries....
The 1970s: A Decline in Anglo-American Specialness and US–UK Relations with Latin America
Authors: Treharne Sally-Ann
Published: May 2020

Anglo-American relations could not be termed as particularly ‘special’ during the 1970s. This was a decade of overall decline in the Special Relationship. The relationship ebbed and flowed and experienced moments of improved cooperation and development, but these were largely overshadowed by diverging political and economic interests, growing US isolationism and a decline in British influence in world affairs.1 It can come as no surprise that the Latin American region held little importance to wider Anglo-American relations at this time. In fact, the region was marginalised by both the US and the UK governments in the 1970s as various domestic issues came to the fore. There was one exception, and that was Chile; US–UK relations with Chile were predicated upon a desire to closely monitor the regime of General Augusto Pinochet Ugarte.
This chapter will examine the tone of Anglo-American relations in the 1970s as a benchmark from which to appreciate the importance of the subsequent Reagan–Thatcher relationship. It will also briefly examine relations between Thatcher and Carter from 1979 to 1981 as a period of indifferent quality in bilateral relations.
The Special Relationship and the Falklands War
Authors: Treharne Sally-Ann
Published: May 2020

The Falklands War between Britain and Argentina from April to June 1982 was an emotive political and ideological issue for the UK and its Prime Minister, who fought tirelessly to safeguard the Falkland islanders’ right to self-determination. The war represented a considerable financial and moral commitment by the British to the Falkland Islands and their 1,800 inhabitants in a time of significant economic uncertainty in the UK. Notwithstanding this, Britain’s hegemony and influence over the islands was reasserted in the face of perceived Argentine aggression. Britain’s victory was considered a great success in the UK given the strategic difficulties involved in orchestrating a war in a wind-swept archipelago nearly 8,000 miles from the British mainland, but a mere 400 miles from Argentina. Moreover, it helped to secure Thatcher’s re-election the following year and was a source of national pride for the jubilant British public.1
Domestic Films Made for Export: Modes of Production of the 1960S Italian Horror Film
Authors: Chiara Francesco Di
Published: May 2020

Along with the Italian Western, but with an arguably more lasting effect, Italian horror cinema of the 1960s has contributed significantly to the branding of European genre cinema for an international audience. As with Italian cinema a decade earlier, the success of Italian horror film was due at the same time to its compatibility with other, foreign genre products – they could fit in a double bill with an American International Pictures release, for instance – and their perceived ‘otherness’ in respect of the Hollywood standards. In fact, because of their graphic violence, eroticism and visual flair, these films soon gained a cult following outside of Italy, and especially throughout the 1970s with the increasing international success of Italian giallo and with the emergence of horror cult directors like Dario Argento and Lucio Fulci.
Bavaesque: The Making of Mario Bava as Italian Horror Auteur
Authors: Hutchings Peter
Published: May 2020

In 2007 the writer/critic Tim Lucas published Mario Bava: All the Colors of the Dark. This massive tome, glossily produced, extensively illustrated, and over 1,100 pages long, has since been described, with some justification, as ‘one of the most impressive books ever to have been written about any director’ (Williams, 2011: 162). The end result of over thirty years’ research, Mario Bava: All the Colors of the Dark has served to underline, reinforce and possibly clinch once and for all Mario Bava’s status as a major figure not merely in Italian horror cinema but in world horror as well. However, such status has been bestowed entirely retrospectively, for during his directorial career – which ran from 1960 through to the mid-1970s – Bava, while a respected figure in the Italian film industry, received little critical attention and was not generally known to the film-going public, either in his native Italy or elsewhere.
The Horror of Progressive rock: Goblin and Horror Soundtracks
Authors: Hatch Craig
Published: May 2020

Audio is perhaps the most vital component in the construction of horror films; from the child’s lullaby in Profondo rosso/Deep Red (Dario Argento, 1975), Bernard Herrmann’s use of stingers in Psycho (Alfred Hitchcock, 1960), to the musique concrète of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (Tobe Hooper, 1974), the canon of great horror films are inextricably tied and indebted to their soundtracks. And yet despite the importance of this audio-visual synchronicity, Italian horror soundtracks in particular have endured not only as part of the films they were made to complement, but also independently of them. With Goblin embarking on their first US tour as a band as late as 2013, to being sampled by contemporary electronic and hip hop acts such as Justice and Madlib, the work of Goblin and other composers such as Fabio Frizzi has received a continued level of interest both with and without the context of their accompanying images.
Sufi Activists and Enforcers
Authors: Hofer Nathan
Published: May 2020

The Sufis of Upper Egypt had a troubled relationship with the state and its representatives. As we have seen, Ayyubid and Mamluk military elites typically sought the support of the ʿulamāʾ–
Including Sufis–as part of a broader strategy of legitimation and rule. This was true as much as of the Sufis at the Saʿīd al-Suʿadāʾ as of the nascent Shādhilīya, although the latter were
less amenable to outright sponsorship. However, these state-funded efforts seem to have been restricted primarily to the urban centres of Cairo and Alexandria. Upper Egypt lacked state-sponsored
organisations such as madrasas and khānqāhs during this period, and the Sufis and their allies in the region filled the ideological vacuum. Both Jean-Claude Garcin and Linda Northrup have pointed to the relative independence from the state of pious movements in Upper Egypt.1 It was this independence that allowed them to take on ‘the role of critics of [the state’s] moral behavior’.2 Indeed, part of what seems to have drawn the Sufis of Upper Egypt together and precipitated their particular articulation of Sufi authority was their dissatisfaction with and critique of the state’s inability to regulate the moral economy of the Íaʿīd. The resultant collectivity of Upper-Egyptian Sufis shared five interrelated qualities that clearly set them apart from other contemporary Sufi groups.
Reading the Qurʾān on Jihād: Two Early Exegetical Texts
Authors: Rippin Andrew
Published: May 2020

Understanding the character of early jihād has been the focus of much scholarly effort. The relationship between those fighting and the political power of the caliph, the notion of the obligation and appropriateness of continued fighting and the role of the renunciant tradition among early fighters, especially those who become associated with the scholarly classes, are all issues that have drawn attention. 1 The challenges in tackling these issues are many and are primarily related to the limited number and nature of the early sources available to us to clarify the matter. Two early texts that focus on legal aspects of the Qurʾān comprise sources that have not yet been fully tapped in discussing these questions. One work is by Muqātil b. Sulaymān, who died in 150/767 and, while the text in question, Tafsīr al-Khams Miʾat Ā ya min al-Qurʾān al-Karīm, may have achieved its final form later in the second or even the third hijrī century, it represents some of the earliest Qurʾānic exegetical material we have available. The second work is by Abū ʿUbayd, who died in 224/838, and is devoted to abrogation in the Qurʾān (and, to a lesser extent, the Sunna), entitled Kitāb al-Nāsikh wa-l-mansūkh.
Ibn Al-Mubarak’s Kitāb Al-Jihād and Early Renunciant Literature
Authors: Melchert Christopher
Published: May 2020

ʿAbd Allāh b. al‑Mubārak (d. 181/797) was a famous traditionist, born in Marv in 118/736–7 or 119/737.1 He was a client to the Banī Ḥanẓala, and the Kufan traditionist al‑ Aʿmash is said to have declared: ‘I will not relate ḥadīth to a group that includes this Turk.’2 (This story may have come from speculation as to why he related so little of al‑Aʿmash, yet be nonetheless accurate as to his ethnic identity and prejudice against it.) He first visited Iraq in 141/758–9 in his early twenties.3 He collected ḥadīth in Yemen, Syria, Egypt, Basra and Kufa. Several stories of his munificence indicate that he was a wealthy trader.4 Numerous stories indicate an early adherence to Kufan jurisprudence or Abū Ḥanīfa in particular, from which he broke off late in life; for example, half of the biography of al‑ʿIjlī (d. 261/874–5) is taken up by evidence of Ibn al‑Mubārak’s having renounced his early acceptance of nabīdh (date wine) – a notorious Kufan position.5
Shaping Memory of the Conquests: The Case of Tustar
Authors: Savant Sarah Bowen
Published: May 2020

The military conquest of a hostile territory and its population is a paradigmatic form of violence and leaves deep imprints on the memories of the conquerors and the vanquished alike. Examining these imprints and the ways in which they are manipulated by later narrators in specific historical cases can bring to light the multiple functions that memories of violent conquest can serve. An interesting case study is provided by the Muslim conquest of the Iranian city of Tustar. Towards the end of a short seventh-century Nestorian work known as the Khūzistān Chronicle, we find as something of an appendix an account of the Arab conquest of the region and of Shūsh and Shūstrā, or as Arabs came to know the towns, al-Sūs and Tustar. The Chronicle was completed, at the latest, by 680 and is widely recognised as providing a rare window into events, because of its detailed reporting and proximity.
Introduction Performing stardom: star studies in transformation and expansion
Authors: Qiong Yu Sabrina
Published: May 2020

This chapter aims to provide an overview and assessment of star studies as a vibrant research field in constant revision and expansion since the 1990s. It addresses two key features of stardom – performativity and locality/translocality – in relation to existing research and also to the chapters in this collection. The chapter analyses performativity of stardom by discussing different types of masquerade that have been employed in star performance including ethnicity, ageing, appearance, acting and camp. It also proposes to replace the existing national/transnational model in the discussion of stars with the framework of the local/translocal stardom, in order to deconstruct Hollywood-centrism inherent in star studies.
Revisiting performance: Nicole Kidman’s enactment of stardom
Authors: Cook Pam
Published: May 2020

This chapter on Nicole Kidman’s extra-cinematic performance focuses on her enactment of commodity stardom, and the acting techniques she deploys in her multi-media appearances including talk shows, magazine fashion shoots, celebrity tabloid gossip, commercials and philanthropy. It contends that the study of acting and performance should go beyond the confines of the film text to examine ‘the poses, gestures, costume, make-up, props, scripted dialogue and photographic mise en scène that constitute the star interview and photo shoot’.
Whitewashing the Dreamgirls: Beyoncé, Diana Ross and the commodification of blackness
Authors: Kooijman Jaap
Published: May 2020

The chapter examines how ‘blackness’ and ‘whiteness’ function in the construction of the star image of two African-American superstars from two different eras, Beyoncé and Diana Ross. It emphasises the historical link between Beyoncé and Ross in an attempt to show how their star texts are interconnected and continue to inform each other over time. The chapter reveals how ‘blackface’ and ‘whitewashing’ have been used strategically by the industry to please mainstream ‘white’ audiences. It also shows that two stars skilfully play with skin colour – the symbol of their ethnicity – and reduce it to a pure masquerade, thereby challenging the crude dichotomy of the association of whiteness with artificiality and blackness with authenticity.
Darsheel Safary: globalisation, liberalisation and the changing face of the Bollywood child star
Authors: Lawrence Michael
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines the film career and the media coverage of the Bollywod child star Darsheel Safary, and addresses his relationship with recent transformations in both the popular film industry and Indian society commonly associated with economic liberalisation, such as the rise of consumerism and the embrace of technology. It argues that Safary’s public image reconciled various contradictions related to the impact of globalization on childhood in twenty-first century India. Focusing on his roles in the Disney-backed Zokkomon (2011) and Deepa Mehta’s Midnight’s Children (2012), Safary’s appearance and performances are analysed in relation to the inevitable disappearance of that cuteness for which child stars are typically celebrated.
YouTube as archive: fans, gender and Mexican film stars online
Authors: Thornton Niamh
Published: May 2020

This chapter proposes that YouTube should be understood as a digital archive with its own developing aesthetic forms where fans act as attentive and specialist curators of a star text. Through an analysis of three Mexican stars from the so-called Golden Age of industrial cinema, Pedro Infante, Jorge Negrete and Emilio Fernández, this chapter focuses on their YouTube star texts, and draws out what these mean for the nascent field of online re-meditated star studies. It also considers the ways in which the star’s gender determines how fans produce an online star text and how YouTube can be understood to function as a precarious archive.
In your face: Montgomery Clift comes out as crip in The Young Lions
Authors: Girelli Elisabetta
Published: May 2020

This chapter concerns the “aberrant” star image of Montgomery Clift in The Young Lions, after his accident and the loss of his conventional good looks. It analyses Clift’s deliberate self-distortion as an act of subversive intervention in his own image and seeks to challenge traditional star studies which overwhelmingly highlight notions of pleasure and attraction in relation to film stars. With reference to queer theory and crip theory, the chapter opens the field of star studies to the troubling, painful and allegedly ghastly connotations of film stars.
Conclusion
Authors: Abdulsater Hussein Ali
Published: May 2020

Murtaḍā’s theology is assessed to gauge its debt to Muʿtazilism, with reference to the findings above. Its contribution to the consolidation of Imami Shiʿi identity is likewise examined, with the aim of tracing the scope and duration of his influence. The interaction of cosmology, ethics and theology is investigated, particularly where they converge to answer critical questions of human experience. The dynamics of this interaction thus serve as a basis for classifying Murtaḍā’s doctrinal system in light of his cultural milieu and with reference to recent scholarship. As such, the monograph serves to deepen readers’ understanding of Islamic intellectual history writ large and to depict a particularly influential conceptual framework from within the parameters of religious faith as shaped by sectarian identities.
Introduction: adventures in the archives
Authors: Michie Helena , Warhol Robyn
Published: May 2020

The album is huge. Depending on which librarian brings it to the circulation desk, you might be offered a cart to carry it to your seat in the British Library Reading Room or you might have to tote it yourself. Its vertical length is at least two feet; its width nearly as great. The covers are a dusty red-brown, faded and scratched, and the binding is broken so that the album must be tied with a flat cord to keep it from falling open when lifted. Inside, musty pages of heavy paper require you to stretch out your whole arm to turn them. Neatly affixed to the pages in rough chronological order are a variety of items in card stock: calling cards with the names of English dukes and duchesses in elaborate scripted fonts; handwritten menus for French meals served in grand country houses; seating charts for dinners large and small; printed bills of fare for restaurant banquets. The pages, despite their slight yellowing and a faint but perceptible yellowish smell, have an aura of faded opulence.
Borderlands of Identity and the Aesthetics of Disjuncture: An Introduction to Scottish Gothic
Authors: Davison Carol Margaret , Germanà Monica
Published: May 2020

The idea of a ‘Gothic Scotland’, however, did not prove difficult to conceptualise in the late eighteenth century and the early nineteenth when a Romanticised portrait of Scotland furnished the nation’s most prevalent cultural image. As Ian Duncan astutely observes in regard to the politics of literary history, it was ‘Scotland’s fate to have become a Romantic object or commodity’ rather than a site of Romantic production (Duncan et al. 2004: 2). Such an objectification was ironic given the existence of Scottish Enlightenment philosophy and its rationally fuelled preoccupations. That objectification was also, notably, expressed in two forms – in both the lighter and darker, more Gothic, shades of Romanticism. Despite the differences in these two manifestations, the Highlands served in both as a synecdoche for a Scotland that exemplified two primary attitudes towards ‘British’ history and rapid modernisation.
J. M. Barrie’s Gothic: Ghosts, Fairy Tales and Lost Children
Authors: Dunnigan Sarah
Published: May 2020

In his obituary of J. M. Barrie, George Bernard Shaw called his plays ‘terrifying’. Although Peter Pan (first performed in 1904) had long become a cherished children’s fantasy and a staple of Christmas theatricals, Shaw seemed more perturbed than enchanted by it (1993: 151). Barrie is seldom described as a Gothic writer, although his own well-known and often reductively understood biography has been ‘Gothicised’ into a dark psycho-narrative. Rather than use the latter to suggest Barrie’s election to the Scottish Gothic canon, this chapter takes its cue from recent work by R. D. S. Jack (2010), Valentina Bold and Andrew Nash (2014) and others, who demonstrate how Barrie is a writer of complexity and contradiction. The generic and thematic range of Barrie’s writing means that he is not a consistent or fully fledged Gothic writer but nevertheless Gothicism still inks a recurrent pattern of motifs and ideas in his work.
The Style of Sleaze
Authors: Waddell Calum
Published: May 2020

What is an exploitation film? The Style of Sleaze reasons that the aesthetic and thematic approach of the key texts within three distinct exploitation demarcations - blaxploitation, horror and sexploitation - indicate a concurrent evolution of filmmaking that could be seen as an identifiable cinematic movement. Offering a fresh perspective on studies of marginal cinema, The Style of Sleaze maintains that defining exploitation cinema as a vaguely attributed 'excess' is unhelpful, and instead concludes that this period in American film history produced a number of the most transgressive, and yet morally complex, motion pictures ever made.
Meetings and Partings: How Tanaka’s Films End
Authors: Jacoby Alexander
Published: May 2020

Alexander Jacoby moves ahead to the 1940s and 50s in order to explore Tanaka’s second period of stardom as a mature actress. Shifting from the common auterist focus of Japanese film studies to analyse these canonical films as star vehicles for Tanaka, Jacoby argues that her star persona helped clarify the ideology of the films, thus advocating a ‘star-as-auteur’ approach. Examining the climax and endings of several films, the chapter contends that the ideological trajectory of each work is made explicit via the resolution of a narrative thread concerning Tanaka's relationship with a male – be they friend, lover or relative. Correspondingly, when the central relationship is with another woman, the ideological implications of the resolutions are more radical. Through an approach that places emphasis on the depiction of touch in Tanaka’s physical interactions with other characters, the chapter revisits classical works of post-war Japanese cinema from a new perspective.
Panpan Girls, Lesbians and Post-war Women’s Communities: Girls of Dark (1961) as Women’s Cinema
Authors: Kanno Yuka
Published: May 2020

Yuka Kanno uses the final chapter of the book to examine Girls of Dark (Onna bakari no yoru, 1961), a film which follows the lives of ex-prostitutes in a rehabilitation facility. Within an exclusively female community as diverse in age as personality, Japan’s first lesbian film character emerges, defying traditional representations of lesbianism in Japanese popular culture. Kanno argues that this unusual character is pivotal to understanding of the desire, solidarity and conflict which characterises the female community in the film. The female continuum is presented as both diegetic and relational by including the narrative space of the film and that embodied by the three women who collaborated to produce it: Tanaka Kinuyo (director), Yana Masako (novelist), and Tanaka Sumie (scriptwriter). Using queer and feminist theory, Kanno’s fascinating and innovative discussion seeks to relocate the concept of women’s cinema within Japanese film history and film theory.
Literature of the 1990s
Authors: Marks Peter
Published: May 2020

Placing literary creativity within a changing cultural and political context that saw the end of Margaret Thatcher and rise of New Labour, this book offers fresh interpretations of mainstream and marginal works from all parts of Britain. Based on a framework of thematically-structured accounts, the individual chapters cover national identity, ethnicity, sexuality, class, celebrity culture, history and fantasy in literature from Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and England. It offers its readers a comprehensive view of the changing and challenging literary landscape in this period, critically examining the fiction, poetry and drama as well as representative films, art and music. Placed within the broader context of a transformative political and cultural environment that included Margaret Thatcher and Tony Blair, Damian Hirst and Princess Diana, the book captures the energetic and sometimes provocative experimentation that typified the final decade of the twentieth century.
Fantasiecle
Authors: Marks Peter
Published: May 2020

An English computer whizz invented the twenty-first century. This, of course, is a fantastic claim, but Tim Berners-Lee rightly gets credited for inventing the World Wide Web, which became operational in the 1990s, and which quickly began to shape the way people around the globe learn, communicate, trade, debate, are manipulated, scrutinised
and entertained, fall in and out of love, reinvent their identities, engage in politics, and indulge their fantasies and sexual desires. Such a state of affairs might have seemed impossible, or indeed unthinkable, for much of the twentieth century, the stuff of science fiction, although another Englishman had proposed something similar in the late 1930s.
Introduction
Authors: Smith Frances
Published: May 2020

A telling incident occurs near the beginning of She’s All That (Robert Iscove, 1999), a reworking of Pygmalion that was typical of the highly allusive cycle of teen movies in the late 1990s. The film introduces us to Zack Siler (Freddie Prinze Jr), who is not only the class president and captain of the football team, but also an A-grade student with a probable Ivy League future. To no great surprise, he later adds Prom King to these accolades. It is in this context that we view the character walking into school and spotting a photo portrait of himself which bears the caption, ‘Zack Siler: Student Body President 1999’. Seemingly instinctively, he quickly moves his features into the smile and pose seen in the photograph. Although Zack is characterised by confidence and success, this brief moment reveals that this is an identity that has not emerged by chance, but is the result of continuous, repeated labour.
Conclusion: Not Another Teen Movie?
Authors: Smith Frances
Published: May 2020

Released in 2001, Not Another Teen Movie was released to a public that had become familiar to the point of exhaustion with the genre’s conventions. Along with other similarly-titled spoof films, including Scary
Movie, Date Movie and Dance Flick, Not Another Teen Movie was intended as disposable fare that would capitalise on the vitality of teen movies in the 1990s whose popularity reached well beyond their intended youth audience. Not Another Teen Movie is a pastiche – both in the sense of a knowing imitation, and as an indiscriminate mish-mash of the teen movie’s typical attributes. Thus, the film is set at John Hughes High, in tribute to the veteran director, and the plot is loosely modelled on the makeover narrative of She’s All That while also incorporating elements from other recent teen movies.
Re-marking Revenge in Early Modern Drama1
Authors: Findlay Alison
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines competing theories for revenge’s appeal in a wide range of plays from 1580-1699. Focusing on the ways that early modern revengers reference and revise earlier classical texts and figures, it examines revenge as a textual practice and affective performance and considers whether classical murderous mothers, such as Medea, embody ancient human anxieties about the uncanny feminine power of revenge to undo human subjects and societies. Exploring the way in which early modern writers take up and rewrite classical texts, it demonstrates how female revengers subvert traditional female roles, exploiting the metatheatrical aspect of revenge as a powerful tool of self-authorship. The chapter also examines different theories as to the genre’s popularity. Using Early English Books Online (EBBO), it surveys the frequency of the words ‘revenge’, ‘avenge’, and ‘vengeance’ (and their derivatives) in order to test whether it was a genre that: peaked in the Elizabethan period and was followed by a period of decline, emerged particularly in periods of political crisis, or has an enduring appeal.
Vengeance and Male Devotion in Laxdæla saga and Njáls saga
Authors: Felce Ian
Published: May 2020

The sagas of Icelanders are renowned for recurring acts of vengeance. What is perhaps less frequently considered is how often this impetus for vengeance is contrasted with relationships of mutual devotion between men. Through an analysis of the kinship between Kjartan Óláfsson and Bolli Þorleiksson in Laxdæla saga, and the friendship of Njáll Þorgeirsson and Gunnarr Hámundarson in Njáls saga, this chapter highlights how certain saga heroes are continually forced to choose either to betray a relationship with another man by seeking revenge or to risk forfeiting their masculinity by avoiding it. These sagas thus use the male condition as a construct to portray the conflict between competitive values and cooperative values at the heart of saga society. The fact that the authors remain silent on a solution to this conflict may suggest that they saw it as an inevitable characteristic of their society, or, perhaps even, of human nature.
‘Brother Unkind’: Annabella’s Heart in ’Tis Pity She’s a Whore
Authors: Eaton Sara
Published: May 2020

This chapter explores Giovanni’s pursuit of Annabella’s heart in John Ford’s Tis Pity She’s a Whore, suggesting that it is the Courtly lover’s necessary abject position in relation to the beloved which explains the play’s ambivalent representation of Anabella’s sincerity, her honesty, and the reason Giovanni casts her murder as revenge. Ford’s depiction of Annabella’s rhetoric, her stage positions, her unfathomability, even her death, is consistent with the representation of a courtly love lady, the seemingly chaste, silent, and obedient actor, either a virgin or a whore, appearing regularly in early modern literature and theatre. Revenge, however, is part of courtly love’s ideology, according to Slavoj Žižek’s seminal essay, ‘Courtly Love, or, Woman as Thing’, and Giovanni’s expectations for Annabella’s behaviour exposes the contradictions inherent in the courtly love rhetoric found in the play. Rather than being sadistic towards his sister, luring her into incest and then killing her, Giovanni has all the marks of an abject masochist, as does Annabella.