bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observation and Numerical Simulation of Cross-Mountain Airflow at the Hong Kong International Airport from Range Height Indicator Scans of Radar and LIDAR
Authors: Chan Y.W. , Lo K.W. , Cheung P. , Chan P.W. , Lai K.K.
Published: September 2024

Apart from headwind changes, crosswind changes may be hazardous to the aircraft operation. This paper presents two cases of recently observed crosswind changes from the range height indicator scans of ground-based remote-sensing meteorological equipment, namely, an X-band microwave radar and a short-range LIDAR. Rapidly evolving winds have been observed by the equipment in tropical cyclone situations, and they are found to have high level of turbulence and possibly to be associated with vertically propagating waves. In order to study the feasibility of predicting such disturbed airflow, mesoscale meteorological model and computational fluid dynamics model with high spatial resolution are used in this paper. It is found that the models could capture the rapidly evolving airflow features rather well, including the turbulence level, the waves, the rapidly changing wind speeds and the presence of reverse flow. This paper aims at providing a reference to the airports to consider the feasibility of performing high resolution numerical simulation of rapidly evolving airflow to alert the pilots in advance for airports in complex terrain and setup of buildings.
Use of Gis for Spatial Mapping of Soil Fertility in Dhanusha, Nepal
Authors: Yadav Santosh kumar , Kafle Karuna , Poudel Abichal , Gelal Rashil , Adhikari Bhushan
Published: September 2024

Soil fertility evaluation is an important aspect in the context of sustainable agricultural production of an area. This study was carried out to find the soil fertility status of the Dhanushadham Municipality, Dhanusha, Nepal located at 26°52’N, 86o02’E using GPS and GIS. A total of 61 soil samples were collected based on land use, slope, and aspects with the use of Google Earth Pro (GEP) and ArcGIS. The soil was analyzed for its texture, soil pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, and potassium. The majority of the study area (36.35%) has loam soils followed by (28.17%) sandy loam soil. The soil pH was strongly acidic to nearly neutral with pH values ranging from 5.2 to 7.5. The Soil organic matter (SOM) varied from 1.14% to 1.83% with a mean value of 1.52% and was medium in most of the soil. The mean total Nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were 0.08 %, 120.96 kg/ha, and 146.13 kg/ha respectively. The total nitrogen was found to be medium in content, Phosphorus is high in content and potassium is low in content in the study area. To maintain the nutrient status of soil, use of organic manure, reduced use of chemical fertilizers, and different soil management practices should be adopted in this area. The study can conclude that GPS and GIS based soil fertility mapping helps farmers, scientists, planners, researchers, and students in providing soil test based fertilizer recommendation for sustainable soil management as well as developing future research strategies in the farm.
Diversity and Composition of Dragonfly (Odonata) at The Punden Sumur Bumi Area, Surabaya, East Java
Authors: Susanto Muhamad Azmi Dwi
Published: September 2024

The Sumur Bumi Punden is a location used for spiritual tourism. The Punden Sumur Bumi area has a stagnant aquatic ecosystem type and a low level of disturbance and pollution. Therefore, the Punden Sumur Bumi area has the potential to be a natural habitat for dragonflies. This study aims to determine the diversity and composition of the dragonfly community in Sumur Bumi Punden. This study uses the visual day-flying observation technique modified by the transect method. The Punden Sumur Bumi area has a moderate diversity index value, with a value of H' = 2.57. In the Sumur Bumi Punden area, 17 species were found with a total of 124 individuals, including the species with the highest relative abundance, namely Brachythemis contaminata. Meanwhile, the species with the lowest relative abundance was Diplacodes trivialis. The composition of dragonflies showed that the swamp location had the highest species richness and abundance values, namely 16 species and a total of 79 individuals. Meanwhile, the grassland location has the lowest species richness, namely only 5 species.
Potential of Hexadecanoic Acid as Antimicrobials in Bacteria and Fungi that Cause Decay in Mustard Greens Brassica juncea L.
Authors: Idris Nadhila
Published: September 2024

Mustard greens Brassica juncea L. one of vegetable that is very easily damaged by microorganisms known as soft rot disease. This causes a decrease in the quality of green mustard so that it cannot last long. A study entitled "The Potential of Hexadecanoic Acid Compounds as Antimicrobials in Bacteria and Fungi that Cause Decay in Mustard Greens Brassica juncea L.". This research aims to specify the effect of hexadecanoic acid compounds in inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi that cause decay in mustard greens. An inhibition test was carried out on Xanthomonas campestris bacteria and Fusarium oxysporum fungus using 10%, 20%, and 40% hexadecanoic acid test compounds. The results obtained showed that 10%, 20%, and 40% hexadecanoic acid extracts were able to inhibit the growth of Xanthomonas campestris bacteria and the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Hexadecanoic acid compounds are bacteriostatic in Xanthomonas campestris and fungi Fusarium oxysporum are fungistatic.
Ethno-medicinal Usage of Invasive Plants in Traditional Health Care Practices: A Review
Authors: Adhikari Prabin , Acharya Swastika , Sigdel Sabina , Kandel Ganga
Published: September 2024

Nepal is a small South Asian country with a varied geographical and bioclimatic landscape. Invasive Plant Species have already been introduced in large numbers, causing the extinction of native species and disrupting crop production, as well as degrading endangered animal habitats, changing plant species composition, and interfering with tree seedling regeneration. However, it is critical in the health treatment of rural populations in developing countries. Our study will look at and compile knowledge on the therapeutic applications of invasive plants utilized by a range of Nepalese communities. We combed through numerous websites, including Research Gate and Google Scholar, for historical and contemporary studies on the therapeutic usage of Nepal's invasive plants.24 species from 12 families of invasive alien plant species were identified to be utilized for medicinal purposes by Nepalese rural people. The 39 diseases for which medicinal plants were reported were diabetes, rheumatism, fever, ulcers, bronchitis, kidney stone, asthma, urinary insufficiency, and others. Traditional knowledge of invasive plant species' uses is diminishing due to the negative effects of invasive plant species on the ecosystem; hence, rigorous documentation of ethnomedicinal knowledge on invasive plant species is needed. Thus, the medicinal potentialities of unwanted invasive species, which are sometimes neglected by others, will provide a gem for the study world.
Stock Assessment of The African Moony Fish (Monodactylus Sebae) (Cuvier, 1829) in The New Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Olopade Olaniyi alaba
Published: September 2024

Some important information on the population biology and stock assessment of African moony fish (Monodactylus sebae) was scrutinized based on monthly length frequency data collected from New Calabar River, Nigeria from February 2020 to March 2021. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth parameters were growth performance index 2.91 per year, asymptotic length (L∞) and growth curvature (K) were 36.54 cm and 0.61yr-1 respectively. The estimated theoretical age at birth (to) and longevity for the assessed fish species were 0.55 years and 2.91 years, respectively. The total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M), fishing mortality (F), for M. sebae were 1.87 year-1, 1.23 year-1 and 0.64 0.64 year-1 respectively. The length at first capture (Lc) was 8.56cm. The exploitation rate (E) and maximum exploitation rate (Emax) were calculated as 0.34 and 0.36 respectively. The recruitment pattern occurs throughout the year, with only one recruitment peaks in May with 19.9 % recruits. Biological reference points: Emsy which depicts exploitation rate producing maximum yield of a cohort indicated that, the exploitation rate which maximizes yield per recruit produced values of Emax was 0.36 while E50 was 0.23 for M. sebae indicates that the current exploitation rate was below the maximum sustainable yield, indicating that this stock was underexploited
The effect of plastic waste on the coastal socio-economic community of the Lantebung in Makassar City, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Daris Lukman , Andi Nur Apung  , Wahyuti  , Irwansyah
Published: September 2024

Mangrove ecosystems provide various ecological and economic functions, such as environmental services as an ecotourism area. This study aims to determine the factors that influence plastic waste on the socio-economic life of coastal communities in the Lantebung area. The data in this study are primary data obtained from interviews with respondents with structured questions and statements. The data collection method with structured interview and data analysis used in this research is an impressional statistical method with an SEM approach. The results of the data analysis, the factors that affect plastic waste are the volume of waste with a loading factor value of 0.966.  In contrast, the factors that affect the social economy is a loading factor value of 0.732. Plastic waste has a significant relationship to the socio-economic community, with a P value of 0.018 less than 0.05. The direction of the relationship between plastic waste and the socio-economic community is negative, with -0.240, meaning that the higher the plastic waste, the socio-economic community in the Lantebung mangrove area will decrease.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PERUBAHAN MEREK TERKENAL MENJADI MEREK GENERIK BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 20 TAHUN 2016
Authors: Septianingrum Reni Eka , Sulistiyono Adi
Published: September 2024

This articles aim to determine the legal protection of well-known trademark into generic trademark in the Intellectual Property Law system in Indonesia. This writing is a normative legal research with prescriptive research characteristics. Legal materials used in this research are primary and secondary legal materials that are collected by using literature study techniques. The author in conducting this research uses a statutory approach, a case approach, a conceptual approach, and a comparative approach. Based on the results of the discussion, it was concluded that a well-known registered mark that proved to be transformed into a generic brand would lose its distinguishing power, so that such a brand has weak legal protection and has the potential to face a lawsuit for cancellation. However, under certain conditions, there are marks that are indicated to have changed to become generic and still receive legal protection and remain registered, provided that the mark is able to build secondary meaning by public understanding.
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Generic Trademark; Legal Protection; Wellknown Trademark 
Excel-oriented calculator for finding the values of some special functions of mathematical and theoretical physics
Authors: Gadetska Svitlana , Dubnitskiy Valeriy , Kushneruk Yuri , Khodyrev Alexander , Cherepnov Ihor
Published: September 2024

The goal of the work. Development of an EXCEL-oriented calculator for finding the values of special functions of mathematical and theoretical physics. Research subject: special functions of mathematical and theoretical physics. Research method: numerical methods for obtaining values of special functions. The obtained results. EXCEL-oriented algorithms for calculating special functions are proposed: for direct and inverse hyperbolic functions, Bessel functions, complete and incomplete gamma functions, polygamma functions, complete and incomplete beta functions and their partial derivatives, Fresnel integrals, integral circular and hyperbolic trigonometric functions, integral exponent, integral logarithm, dilogarithm, Clausen function, and associated Clausen function, Lobachevsky function, integral secant function (Sievert function). All proposed algorithms use only numerical integration operations (rectangle method) and calculations of finite sums of functional series. The ways for adaptively determining the number of intervals during numerical integration that necessary to achieve the accepted calculation accuracy are described. For improper integrals, a procedure for replacing them with ordinary definite integrals that ensure calculations with a given accuracy is proposed. The similar procedures for determining the number of terms in the n-th partial sum of a functional series with an infinite number of terms are proposed. It is shown that the proposed algorithms provide calculation accuracy no less than the Mathcad package. An algorithm for calculating function values using Chebyshev polynomials is proposed and implemented. The algorithm can be used to calculate the values of an arbitrary continuous function specified by the user.
IMPLEMENTATION OF UNSUPERVISED LEARNING MODELS FOR ANALYZING THE STATE'S SECURITY LEVEL
Authors: Laktionov Oleksandr , Shefer Oleksandr , Laktionova Iryna , Halai Vasyl , Podorozhniak Andrii
Published: September 2024

Objective. Enhancing the effectiveness of preliminary analysis of the state's security level through the implementation of clustering models. Methodology. The process of creating unsupervised learning models and their peculiarities in tasks of analyzing the state's security level has been investigated. Techniques for creating the basic k-means model and its improvement through the use of Pearson correlation as a distance metric have been considered. Determining cluster centers was performed by both the basic method and the Cochran's maps method. The optimal quality indicator, according to the results of clustering, was considered to be the model demonstrating the minimum value of the Davies-Bouldin index. Results. An improved unsupervised learning model based on the k-means algorithm for analyzing the state's security level has been developed. The model is characterized by two clusters, with centroids determined as 1.112 and 1.009. Scientific novelty. The proposed model for clustering the state's security level differs from existing ones by using as input estimates derived from a comprehensive indicator based on the principles of interaction and emergent properties. This allows obtaining advantages of the clustering model in terms of the Davies-Bouldin index. The existing clustering model demonstrates a value of 0.4765, while the proposed one achieves 0.2166. Practical significance. The proposals serve as a useful additional tool for preliminary analysis of the state's security level during air alerts and extend the functionality of the previously researched forecasting technology.
the Implementation of Peruri Portal to Enhance Corporate Administrative Effectiveness
Authors: Qinni Aufa
Published: September 2024

The Peruri Portal is an application designed to support corporate administrative activities at Perum Percetakan Uang Republik Indonesia (PERURI), the Indonesian state-owned printing company. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Peruri Portal in enhancing corporate administrative efficiency. The findings indicate that the Peruri Portal has contributed to improving administrative effectiveness. However, there remain some issues that require improvement, such as the document management system not functioning as expected. This study provides recommendations for enhancing the Peruri Portal's effectiveness through the development of a better document management system.
Analysis Of Archives Management at Pt Bpr Mitra Andalas Economy
Authors: Fani Sesaria Ramadhan  , Susan Febriantina  , Rizki Firdausi Rachmadania
Published: September 2024

This research uses a qualitative descriptive method which was carried out with a purpose to gain a deeper understanding of archives management at PT BPR Mitra Ekonomi Andalas. In this research, qualitative methods based on primary data and secondary data, by making observations, interviews, and documentation and obtained from previous research, articles, and books related to archival management research.The purpose of this research is to find out the management of records at PT BPR Andalas Economic Partners, which still uses conventional systems as well policies and procedures in archives management in the company.
Analysis Of Leadership Style in the Gas Division at Pt Tira Austenite Tbk
Authors: Dyahayu Sherly , Henry Eryanto  , Terrylina Arvinta Monoarfa
Published: September 2024

This research was carried out at PT Tira Austenite Tbk, which is located at Jl. Pulo Ayang Kav. R-1, Pulo Gadung Industrial Area, East Jakarta City, 13930. Observations start from July 2023 to December 2023 and interviews were conducted on April 19 2024. The aim of this research is to find out what leadership style is and the impact and factors that influence this style. that leadership. The method the author uses is a qualitative research method with the type of research used is a case study. The informants for this research are employees who are directly related to the leadership, namely Procurement, A/R Management and Logistics & Distribution Staff. Based on the research results, it shows that the leadership style in the gas division at PT Tira Austenite uses a democratic style wrapped in authoritarianism, and this affects work effectiveness and motivation.
The Influence of Social Media, Economic Literacy and Digital Literacy on Entrepreneurial Intentions of Class Xi Students (Case Study At Sma N 12 Jakarta)
Authors: Nissa Nur Awaliyah
Published: September 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of social media, economic literacy, and digital literacy on entrepreneurial intention of grade XI students of SMA N 12 Jakarta. This study uses a quantitative approach with data collection techniques through questionnaires. The study apopulation was 215 high school students with a sample of 68 students. Data analysis techniques using SEM PLS version 4.0.2. The research instrument used a 5-point Likert scale to measure the level of respondent agreement. Hypothesis testing was carried out with a Structural Equation Model (SEM) approach based on Partial Least Square (PLS) version 4.0.2, through the Outer Model stage (measurement model test). The results showed that social media has a positive effect, economic literacy has a positive and significant effect, and digital literacy has a negative and insignificant effect on entrepreneurial intentions of grade XI students of SMA N 12 Jakarta. Researchers suggest that students in grade XI of SMA N 12 Jakarta increase their use of social media and digital economic literacy. For future researchers, it is recommended to analyze other factors besides social media and digital economic literacy outside of this study.
The Influence of Financial Literacy and Risk Perception on Investment Decisions Based on Gender using Multi-Group Analysis Methods
Authors: Marlinia Qibthiyah  , Widyastuti Umi , Ulupui IGKA
Published: September 2024

This research aims to analyze the influence of financial literacy and risk perception based on gender using a multi-group analysis method on workers consisting of the millennial and Z generations in Indonesia. A questionnaire-based survey will be conducting using purposive sampling technique. In total, 211 responses were collected and data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and also Multi-group Analysis (PLS-MGA) to see the differences in the influence of each gender group. This study enriches the theoretical foundations of financial vulnerability through the exploration of moderation mechanism. Based on the data analysis, this study proved that there is a positive impact of financial literacy and risk perception on investment decisions which moderated by gender.
Halal Awareness and Electronic Word of Mouth on Skintific Moisturizer Purchasing Decision
Authors: Inas Afifah Zahra  , Trisnawati Arum
Published: September 2024

Indonesia presents a promising landscape for those seeking to capitalize on the vast potential of the halal industry. Currently, the growth of the halal industry in Indonesia is primarily concentrated in the food and cosmetics sectors. Nevertheless, the halal cosmetics sector is not as robust as the halal food sector. This is because the Indonesian population's awareness of halal non-food products, such as skincare, is still relatively low, particularly when compared to the multitude of local and imported skincare products currently available. Furthermore, Indonesian consumers utilize electronic and social media platforms to research and evaluate products before making a purchase. This research often involves examining both positive and negative reviews about a particular product. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of halal awareness and electronic word of mouth on the purchase decision of skincare moisturizers. The study population is comprised of Muslim individuals residing in the greater Jakarta area who have purchased or used a skintific moisturizer. A total of 100 respondents will be selected for this study. These respondents will be Muslim skincare consumers of productive age, defined as 15 to 64 years old, residing in DKI Jakarta. The purposive sampling method will be employed to select these respondents. The data utilized in this study is primary data, which will be obtained through the administration of questionnaires distributed online. The analysis method to be employed is multiple linear regression with t-test (partial) and f-test (simultaneous), conducted using statistical software, namely SPSS version 22.
Financial Performance Analysis of The Depok City Health Department in 2020-2022
Authors: Gayatri Pungky Handayani  , Rida Prihatni  , I Gusti Ketut Agung Ulupui
Published: September 2024

This study aims to analyze the financial performance of the Depok City Health Office in the 2020-2022 period. Financial performance is analyzed using several methods, namely Value For Money, variance analysis, growth analysis, and expenditure compatibility analysis. This research utilizes secondary data from the Government Agency Performance Accountability Report (LAKIP) and Budget Realization Report (LRA) of the Depok City Health Office for three periods. The research method used is descriptive with a quantitative approach. Data were collected through documentation techniques. The results showed that the financial performance of the Depok City Health Office based on the Value for Money method during the 2020-2022 period was classified as economical. Efficiency and effectiveness ratios fluctuated, not reaching the efficient and effective level in 2020 and 2021, but reaching the efficient and effective category in 2022. The variance ratio shows fluctuating development with instability in revenue variance and consistently favorable expenditure variance performance. Based on the growth ratio, there is an overall positive trend in financial performance, although there are significant fluctuations in 2020-2021. The year 2022 shows a drastic improvement in both revenue growth and expenditure growth, indicating a significant improvement in financial performance. The expenditure harmony ratio showed fluctuating results but experienced a positive trend over the three periods in the management of operating and capital expenditures, evidenced by an increase in the budget utilization harmony category in 2022
Sustainability Report Quality: Effect of Media Exposure, Stakeholder Pressure, Audit Committee
Authors: Putu Mita Cahyani  , I Ketut Sujana
Published: September 2024

Sustainability report is denoted as the measurement and disclosure of company’s efforts as an obligation to stakeholders, encompassing the company's progress towards sustainable development objectives. The evaluation of sustainability report quality is established by the GRI Standard, the more indicators that are disclosed, the better the quality of the sustainability report. The objective of this study is to ascertain the influence of media exposure, stakeholder pressure, and audit committee on sustainability report’s quality. The study was carried out using SRI-KEHATI index firms in 2022 on IDX. The sampling approach utilized was non-probability sampling employing purposive sampling technique, so that 63 observations were obtained. Data collection using non-participant observation method, by utilizing SPSS and applying multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The test outcomes reveal that media exposure, environmental pressure, consumer pressure, and audit committee contribute positively to sustainability report’s quality. Concurrently, employee pressure does not influence sustainability report quality and shareholder pressure exerts a detrimental impact on sustainability report quality. The implications of this research support theories of stakeholder and legitimacy, and help users of sustainability report information or stakeholders, especially investors, creditors, and the public in determining the company's sustainability report quality.
No Discernible Difference in Revision Rate or Survivorship Between Posterior Cruciate-Retaining and Posterior Cruciate-Substituting TKA
Authors: Kim Young-Hoo , Park Jang-Won , Jang Young-Soo , Kim Eun-Jung
Published: September 2024

Background:

Many authors and the data of multiple registries have suggested that the use of posterior cruciate-substituting (posterior stabilized [PS]) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) leads to a higher risk of revision compared with the use of posterior cruciate-retaining (CR) TKA. The aim of the present prospective, randomized, long-term study was to compare PS and CR TKA with regard to the clinical, radiographic, and computed tomography (CT) results; the prevalence of osteolysis; revision rate; and survivorship.

Methods:

This study included a consecutive series of 300 patients (mean age [and standard deviation], 63.6 ± 6 years) who underwent simultaneous, bilateral TKA in the same anesthetic session. Each patient received a NexGen CR-Flex prosthesis on 1 side and a NexGen LPS-Flex prosthesis on the contralateral side. The mean follow-up period was 18 years (range, 17.5 to 19.5 years).

Results:

There were no significant differences between the NexGen CR and LPS-Flex TKA groups at the latest follow-up with regard to the mean Knee Society knee score (93 versus 92 points, respectively); the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score (19.1 points for both); the University of California Los Angeles activity score (6.1 points for both); range of motion (125° ± 6.1° versus 126° ± 6.5°); radiographic and CT results; and revision rate (6.0% versus 6.3%). No knee had osteolysis. The estimated survival rate at 19.5 years was 94% (95% confidence interval [CI], 91% to 100%) for the NexGen CR-Flex prosthesis and 93.7% (95% CI, 91% to 100%) for the LPS-Flex prosthesis, with revision or aseptic loosening as the end point.

Conclusions:

The findings of the present, long-term (minimum follow-up of 17.5 years) clinical study showed that NexGen CR-Flex and NexGen LPS-Flex implants produced excellent clinical and radiographic results. There was no notable clinical advantage of a NexGen CR-Flex implant over a NexGen LPS-Flex implant.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A WIL assessment meta-framework for discipline-specific employability learning
Authors: Young Karen , Miller Kelly , La Fontaine Sharon , Palmer Stuart , Campbell Malcolm
Published: September 2024

Work integrated learning (WIL), particularly placement-based WIL (P-WIL), has gained momentum in Higher Education over the last decade as an educational strategy for enhancing student employability. However, there is very limited guidance on effective ways to embed and scaffold WIL assessments across courses (degree programs). We present the findings from an action-research study, purposed with building academic confidence to review and re-design existing assessments to have intentional and explicit employability foci. Key to the study was the sharing of existing WIL frameworks to build practitioner expertise. What arose was a notable intersection of similar, but unplanned assessments focused on career development learning, authentic assessment, and/or demonstrations of theory-to-practice performance during WIL activities. What was lacking was a means for designing an intentional holistic schema that tagged a suite of assessments dedicated to the development and demonstration of student employability across the course. An outcome was the creation of a novel meta-assessment WIL framework (WAM-F) that supported and purposefully integrated previously independent items: 1) career development learning; 2) transferable skills development; 3) reflections from professional practice theory-to-practice WIL experiences; and explicitly tethered these to the discipline orientation of the course. The overt tethering of discipline-specific learning outcomes to a range of WIL activities, via a course-wide approach, not only assures the regulatory requirement for all WIL experiences to contribute to, scaffold and develop the learning outcomes of a course, but also makes sense of emerging educational approaches for STEM teaching teams not always familiar or confident with how to embed fit-for-purpose employability learning.
Novel Pla / Chitosan Blends With Bio-released Ag-nps Nano Composites for Eco-friendly Food Packaging.
Authors: Nithya Malarvizhi , Balaji Rajeswari , Sundarajan Tharani , Sivalingam Vennila
Published: September 2024

Polylactic acid / Chitosan blends with bio-released Ag nanoparticles nano composite films were prepared for eco-friendly food packaging materials. These food packaging materials were prepared to enhance the biodegradability of packaging materials as well as to increase the shelf life of food products against microbial action. The preparation was made by dissolving PLA and chitosan using suitable solvents with PEG 400. To this blend silver nanoparticles obtained from Tulsi leaves extract were added and homogenized. PLA/Chitosan blend with Ag-NPs were prepared and characterized their spectral, morphological and antimicrobial properties. The spectral and morphological studies showed the blending of PLA/Chitosan as well as Ag nanoparticles in the nanocomposites. The antibacterial activity of the PLA/Chitosan/AgNPs nanocomposites (PCAg) showed greater inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus and also against Escherichia coli.
Garden cress oil attenuates methotrexate-induced hepatic damage by enhancing inflammation, apoptosis, and histological profile: in vivo and in silico studies
Authors: Mabrouk Dalia M. , El-Akad Radwa H. , Afifi Ahmed H. , Sharaf Hafiza A. , Elsharkawy Sonia L. , makawy Aida I. El
Published: September 2024

Methotrexate (MTX) has been used in high doses for cancer therapy and low doses for autoimmune diseases. It is proven that methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity occurs even at relatively low doses. It is known that garden cress has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties. This study investigates the potential alleviating effect of garden cress oil (GCO) against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The chemical composition of GCO was assessed using GC/MS analysis. Liver damage was studied using molecular and histological analysis. Also, the effects of GCO on TNF-α and caspase-3 proteins were evaluated through molecular docking studies. MTX showed clear signs of apoptosis, such as increased mRNA expression levels of BAX, Caspase-3, and P53, and increased liver inflammation indicated by higher levels of TNF-α expression. MTX exhibited significant liver damage, as demonstrated by histological examination. Treatment with GCO effectively alleviated the apoptotic effects of MTX and provided protection against inflammation, as well as restoring histological alterations. Molecular docking revealed that linoleic acid and α-tocopherol are recognized as leading compounds for attenuating the inflammatory and apoptosis cascade reactions in the liver by inhibiting TNF-α and caspase-3 proteins, and in vivo and in silico studies demonstrated that GCO could potentially alleviate MTX hepatotoxicity.
Optimizing Density Functional Theory for Strain-Dependent Magnetic Properties of MnBi(_2)Te(_4) with Diffusion Monte Carlo
Authors: Yoon Mina , Ghosh Swarnava , Kang Seoung-Hun , Ahn Jeonghwan , Jeong Dameul , Eisenbach Markus , Kwon Young-Kyun , Reboredo Fernando , Krogel Jaron
Published: September 2024

In this study, we evaluate the predictive power of density functional theory (DFT) for the magnetic properties of MnBi2Te4 (MBT), an intrinsically magnetic topological insulator with potential applications in spintronics and quantum computing. Our theoretical understanding of MBT has been challenged by discrepancies between experimental results and ab initio calculations, particularly with respect to its electronic and magnetic properties. Our results show that the magnetic phase diagram of MBT varies significantly depending on the Hubbard U parameter in the DFT framework, highlighting the importance of benchmark calculations. To address these challenges, we establish an optimized Hubbard U approach derived from Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) calculations, which directly solves the many-body Schr¨odinger equation based on the stochastic process, and implement it in the DFT framework. Once the optimized U value is determined as a function of strain, we apply it to achieve DMC-level accuracy within our DFT framework. This approach is instrumental in accurately describing the magnetic states of MBT and understanding the underlying mechanisms governing its magnetic properties and their dependence on external factors.
∗Electronic address: myoon@ornl.gov
Full-speed sensorless control system of synchronous reluctance motor with flux saturation model
Authors: CAI Hui , LUO Wen jian
Published: September 2024

To solve the problem that the rotor estimation accuracy is greatly affected by parameter nonlinearity and high frequency oscillation, when the synchronous reluctance motor adopts the sensorless control system.This article proposes a new flux saturation model considering cross saturation effect applied to sensorless control of SynRM. The magnetic flux saturation data obtained by the hysteresis voltage injection method is used to estimate the model parameters, and the motor model under accurate magnetic flux saturation is obtained. The proposed magnetic flux saturation model is applied to the position sensorless control system of the synchronous reluctance motor. The proposed magnetic flux saturation model can effectively represent cross saturation and satisfy the reciprocity condition, and solve the nonlinear relationship between SynRM current and flux linkage. Finally, builting an experimental platform to verify the validity and correctness of the theoretical and experimental analysis.
Assessment of Hydrological Loading Displacement from GNSS and GRACE Data Using Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: Wei Changshou , Zhou Maosheng , Du Zhixing , Han Lijing , Gao Hao
Published: September 2024

This work introduces a novel method for inverting hydrological loading displacement using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3D-CNN). This approach utilizes vertical displacement time series data from 41 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations across Yunnan Province, China, and its adjacent areas, coupled with spatiotemporal variations in terrestrial water storage derived from the GRACE satellite. The 3D-CNN method demonstrates markedly higher inversion accuracy compared to conventional load Green's function inversion techniques. This improvement is evidenced by substantial reductions in deviations from GNSS observations across various statistical metrics: the maximum deviation decreased by 1.34 millimeters, the absolute minimum deviation by 1.47 millimeters, the absolute mean deviation by 79.6%, and the standard deviation by 31.4%. An in-depth analysis of terrestrial water storage and loading displacement from 2019 to 2022 in Yunnan Province revealed distinct seasonal fluctuations and a rising trend, primarily driven by dominant annual and semi-annual cycles. These cycles accounted for over 90% of the variance, with an annual increase of 1.83 millimeters. The spatial distribution of water load displacement is strongly associated with regional precipitation patterns, showing smaller amplitudes in the northeast and northwest and larger amplitudes in the southwest. This pattern underscores the significant impact of precipitation on changes in terrestrial water storage. This research findings underscore the efficacy of deep learning techniques in inverting Earth geophysical parameters and offer fresh perspectives on regional water cycle dynamics. This has profound implications for water resource management and adapting to climate change.
The genetic architecture of temperature-induced partial fertility restoration in A1 cytoplasm in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)
Authors: Jordan David , Klein Robert , Melonek Joanna , Small Ian , Cruickshank Alan , Bradburn Leisa , Malory Sylvia , Hathorn Adrian , Hunt Colleen , Amenu Lealem , Mace Emma
Published: September 2024

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is used for commercial production of hybrid seed in sorghum. CMS-based hybrid breeding systems require female parental lines (CMS lines) to remain male sterile to prevent self-pollination and enable cross-pollination to generate hybrid seed. However, genetic and environmental factors can lead to the loss of male sterility in the pollen-accepting female parent, resulting in the production of contaminating non-hybrid seeds through self-fertilization with large economic consequences. It is known that high temperatures around flowering time induce sterility breakdown, or partial fertility, however the genetic control of this phenomenon is poorly understood. To investigate the molecular processes controlling sterility breakdown, a large association mapping population of elite CMS parental lines was used to map the genomic regions controlling partial fertility. In this study, we used genome-wide association studies on a panel of 2049 sorghum lines grown in six field trials at Emerald Queensland representing six different environments. The seed planting was set up in such a way that flowering corresponded with the hottest part of the year. In total 43 significant SNPs were identified, indicating that the trait is controlled by multiple genes, however previously identified major genes for fertility restoration were not the main cause of partial fertility. Diversity and linkage disequilibrium decay patterns in separate elite male and CMS pools also indicated the constraints on genetic diversity within the female parents due to partial fertility, rather than the frequency of the previously identified major fertility restoration genes. The understanding of the control of sterility breakdown provides new avenues for trait introgression in elite female pools.
Influential Nodes Identification for Complex Networks Based on Multi-Feature Fusion
Authors: Li Shaobao , Quan Yiran , Luo Xiaoyuan , Wang Juan
Published: September 2024

In the realm of complex network analysis, identifying crucial nodes represents a formidable challenge that has attracted considerable research focus. Historically, research efforts often neglected the significance of incorporating spatial node information, thereby constraining the accurate identification of key nodes. Addressing this gap, this study introduces an advanced centrality model named Degree-K-shell-Betweenness centrality (DKBC), leveraging gravitational principles. The DKBC model integrates node degree, spatial positioning, and betweenness centrality attributes to enhance the precision of crucial node identification for complex networks. This innovative approach surpasses conventional gravity-based methodologies in efficacy. Evaluation of the proposed algorithm employs the Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) Epidemic model and assesses correlation using the Kendall coefficient τ. Comparative analysis against a standard benchmark algorithm underscores the superior performance of the DKBC model. Empirical validation conducted across twelve real-world networks substantiates the exceptional accuracy of DKBC model in pinpointing critical nodes. This research significantly advances the field by demonstrating the efficacy of integrating spatial information into centrality metrics for enhanced network analysis and application.
Ginsenoside Rd alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial injury via modulating the MAPK and NF-κB pathways in cardiomyocytes and macrophages
Authors: Zhong Cheng-Zhi , Li Ting , Yan Hong , Gong Lv-Dong , Zi Zhi-Da , He Zhi-Ming , Wu De-Song , Yang He-Jin , Guo Yan
Published: September 2024

Cardiac dysfunction is a common complication of sepsis that manifests as uncontrolled inflammatory responses and myocardial injury. Ginsenoside Rd possesses various biological activities, with neuroprotective effects being most commonly reported. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of ginsenoside Rd on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocardial injury and its underlying mechanisms. Here, the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity of ginsenoside Rd on mouse macrophages (RAW264.7) and rat cardiomyocytes (H9C2). Furthermore, the expression of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was detected through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). LPS was also used to induce damage in H9C2 cells, and CCK-8 assay and Hoechst staining were used to assess cell viability and apoptosis. Cardiac cell injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation were determined by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Ca2+, malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) levels. Moreover, western blotting was used to detect the expression of normal and phosphorylated forms of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)signaling components extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 and the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling components p65 and phospho-p65 as well as the nuclear translocation of p65 in RAW264.7 and H9C2 cells. Interestingly, the results illustrated that ginsenoside Rd significantly reduced the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in a concentration-dependent manner. Ginsenoside Rd improved the survival rate of myocardial cells, which might be attributable to reduced apoptosis. Ginsenoside Rd decreased the levels of LDH, Ca2+, ROS, MDA, and NO in myocardial cells. Mechanistically, ginsenoside Rd inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 and the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 in RAW264.7 cells. Similarly, ginsenoside Rd inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK, p38, and p65 in H9C2 cells. In conclusion, ginsenoside Rd can reduce the inflammatory response in macrophages, increase their survival rate, reduce apoptosis, and suppress oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiomyocytes by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that ginsenoside Rd has the potential to be used for the treatment of septic myocardial injury.
Remote Sensing-Based Estimation of Below-Ground Sediment Carbon in Seagrass Habitats of Bahrain Waters
Authors: Alkhuzaei Manaf , Brolly Matthew
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the role of seagrass habitats in carbon sequestration by quantifying sediment carbon and seagrass coverage in Bahrain's coastal waters. Recognized as significant carbon sinks, seagrass ecosystems are crucial for marine biodiversity and climate change mitigation. The study uses a two-fold approach: assessing sediment carbon content variation across sampling points and estimating seagrass cover with remote sensing techniques using Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 data. The accuracy of remote sensing-based models for estimating sediment carbon in seagrass is evaluated. Findings show higher sediment carbon concentrations in southern sites and an increase in average sediment carbon content in 2019, despite declines in seagrass coverage and stored sediment carbon. The Landsat 8-based model proved more accurate than the Sentinel-2-based model. This research highlights the importance of preserving seagrass habitats for carbon sequestration, contributing valuable data to global blue carbon reservoirs and informing future conservation strategies and climate change mitigation efforts.
Design and Test of an Intelligent Lifting Electric Marigold Picker
Authors: Liu Yan , Li Tong , Wang Guanping , Sun Wei , Yang Sen , Gao Shunping
Published: September 2024

To address current challenges in the mechanical harvesting of marigolds, such as low picking efficiency, high mispicking rates, insufficient power, poor passability, and low automation, this study designs a new marigold picker by combining the growth characteristics and planting mode of marigolds. The picker consists of a high passability frame, electric drive wheels, intelligent Lift picking system, LiDAR, flower storage bag and control system, while powered by a lithium battery. The control system uses LiDAR data to measure the average flower height 0.2 meters in front of the picking platform and issues picking instructions accordingly. The mechanical picking system employs sword-shaped comb teeth for continuous harvesting. This design optimizes the mechanical structure and control system to enhance the feed rate and reduce the mispicking of non-harvestable flower buds. A test prototype was built, and field tests showed that the picker operated smoothly with a marigold height measurement error within 1 cm. Optimal results were achieved with a comb spacing of 12 mm, comb length of 250 mm, and forward speed of 0.3 m/s, yielding a picking rate of 92.95% and a mispicking rate of 10%. The designed picker meets harvesting demands and represents a valuable step towards automation in Chinese herbal medicine harvesting.
Profound deficiencies in mature blood and bone marrow progenitor dendritic cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia patients
Authors: Medina Kay , Welch Baustin , Parikh Sameer , Kay Neil
Published: September 2024

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients are immunocompromised and highly vulnerable to serious recurrent infections. Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) are principal sensors of infection and are essential in orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses to resolve infection. This study identified significant deficiencies in six functionally distinct DC subsets in blood of untreated CLL (UT-CLL) patients and selective normalization of pDCs in response to acalabrutinib (a Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor) therapy. DCs are continuously replenished from hematopoiesis in bone marrow (BM). Four BM developmental intermediates that give rise to cDCs and pDCs were examined and significant reductions of these were identified in UT-CLL patients supporting a precursor/progeny relationship. The deficiencies in blood DCs and BM DC progenitors were significantly associated with alterations in the Flt3/FL signaling pathway critical to DC development and function. Regarding clinical parameter, cDC subset deficiencies are associated with adverse prognostic indicators of disease progression, including IGHV mutation, CD49d, CD38, and ZAP-70 status. Importantly, UT-CLL patients with shared DC subset deficiencies had shorter time-to-first treatment (TTFT), uncovering a profound alteration in innate immunity with the potential to instruct therapeutic decision-making.