bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Reagents for Fluorescence Microscopy of Cellular Compartments and Structures, Part I: BacMam Labeling and Reagents for Vesicular Structures
Authors: Dolman Nick J. , Kilgore Jason A.
Published: June 2023

Fluorescent labeling of vesicular structures in cultured cells, particularly for live cells, can be challenging for a number of reasons. The first challenge is to identify a reagent that will be specific enough where some structures have a number of potential reagents and others very few options. The emergence of BacMam constructs has provided more easy‐to‐use choices. Presented here is a discussion of BacMam constructs as well as a review of commercially available reagents for labeling vesicular structures in cells, including endosomes, peroxisomes, lysosomes, and autophagosomes, complete with a featured reagent, recommended protocol, troubleshooting guide, and example image for each structure. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Delivering targeted fluorescent proteins using pre‐made, high‐titer BacMam constructs

Alternate Protocol 1: Non‐pseudo‐typed BacMam viruses in standard cell types and pseudo‐typed BacMam viruses in hard‐to‐transduce cell types

Basic Protocol 2: Labeling endosomes: pHrodo™‐10k‐dextran

Basic Protocol 3: Labeling peroxisomes: BacMam 2.0 CellLight™ Peroxisome‐GFP

Alternate Protocol 2: Labeling peroxisomes using antibodies

Basic Protocol 4: Labeling autophagosomes: Transduction of cells with Premo™ Autophagy Sensor GFP‐LC3B

Alternate Protocol 3: Labeling autophagosomes using antibodies

Basic Protocol 5: Labeling lysosomes: LysoTracker Red DND‐99
A Review of Reagents for Fluorescence Microscopy of Cellular Compartments and Structures, Part II: Reagents for Non‐Vesicular Organelles
Authors: Kilgore Jason A. , Dolman Nick J.
Published: June 2023

A wide range of fluorescent dyes and reagents exist for labeling organelles in live and fixed cells. Choosing between them can lead to confusion, and optimization for many of them can be challenging. Presented here is a discussion on the commercially available reagents that have shown the most promise for each organelle of interest, including endoplasmic reticulum/nuclear membrane, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, nucleoli, and nuclei, with an emphasis on localization of these structures for microscopy. Included is a featured reagent for each structure with a recommended protocol, troubleshooting guide, and example image. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membrane labeling using ER‐Tracker reagents

Basic Protocol 2: Labeling Golgi apparatus using dye‐labeled ceramides

Basic Protocol 3: Labeling mitochondria using MitoTracker Red CMXRos

Basic Protocol 4: Labeling nucleoli using SYTO RNASelect Green
A Review of Reagents for Fluorescence Microscopy of Cellular Compartments and Structures, Part III: Reagents for Actin, Tubulin, Cellular Membranes, and Whole Cell and Cytoplasm
Authors: Golub Oggie , Kilgore Jason A. , Dolman Nick J.
Published: June 2023

Non‐antibody commercial fluorescent reagents for imaging of cytoskeletal structures have been limited primarily to labeling tubulin and actin, with the key factor in choice based mainly on whether cells are live or fixed and permeabilized. A wider range of options exists for cell membrane dyes, and the choice of reagent primarily depends on the preferred localization in the cell (i.e., all membranes or only the plasma membrane) and usage (i.e., whether the protocol involves fixation and permeabilization). For whole‐cell or cytoplasmic imaging, the choice of reagent is determined mostly by the length of time that the cells need to be visualized (hours or days) and by fixation status. Presented here is a discussion on choosing commercially available reagents for labeling these cellular structures, with an emphasis on use for microscopic imaging, with a featured reagent, recommended protocol, troubleshooting guide, and example image for each structure. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Actin labeling

Basic Protocol 2: Wheat germ agglutinin conjugates for plasma membrane labeling

Basic Protocol 3: Labeling tubulin microtubules with Tubulin Tracker Deep Red

Basic Protocol 4: Labeling whole cells or cytoplasm with 5(6)‐CFDA SE
Detecting GPCR Signals With Optical Biosensors of Gα‐GTP in Cell Lines and Primary Cell Cultures
Authors: Janicot Remi , Park Jong‐Chan , Garcia‐Marcos Mikel
Published: June 2023

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of transmembrane receptors and mediate a wide variety of physiological processes. GPCRs respond to a plethora of extracellular ligands and initiate signaling pathways inside cells via heterotrimeric G proteins (Gαβγ). Because of the critical role GPCRs play in regulating biological processes and as pharmacological targets, the availability of tools to measure their signaling activity are of high interest. Live‐cell biosensors that detect the activity of G proteins in response to GPCR stimulation have emerged as a powerful approach to investigate GPCR/G protein signaling. Here, we detail methods to monitor G protein activity through direct measurement of GTP‐bound Gα subunits using optical biosensors based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). More specifically, this article describes the use of two types of complementary biosensors. The first protocol explains how to use a multicomponent BRET biosensor that relies on expression of exogenous G proteins in cell lines. This protocol yields robust responses that are compatible with endpoint measurements of dose‐dependent ligand effects or with kinetic measurements of subsecond resolution. The second protocol describes the implementation of unimolecular biosensors that detect the activation of endogenous G proteins in cell lines expressing exogenous GPCRs or in primary cells upon stimulation of endogenous GPCRs. Overall, using the biosensors as described in this article will help users characterize the mechanisms of action of many pharmacological agents and natural ligands that modulate GPCR and G protein signaling with high precision. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Using bimolecular BRET biosensors to monitor Gα‐GTP formation of tagged Gα in live cells

Alternate Protocol 1: Measuring GPCR dose‐dependent Gα‐GTP responses in endpoint format

Basic Protocol 2: Using unimolecular BRET biosensors to study endogenous G protein activity

Alternate Protocol 2: Using unimolecular BRET biosensors to study endogenous G protein activity in mouse cortical neurons
Flax seed and flower color inheritance is more complicated than once thought
Authors: Abtahi Mozhgan , Mirlohi Aghafakhr , Ataii Ehsan , Sabzalian Mohammad R. , Jafari Parisa
Published: June 2023

Flower and seed color are two characteristics of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) where the mode of inheritance can be obscured by different genetic backgrounds. In this study, eight genetically diverse genotypes of flax with pairwise contrasting seed and flower colors were carefully selected from a large diversity panel and crossed in all directions (56 crosses). The mode of inheritance of seed and flower color was studied in F1, F2, and F3 generations during 2017–2020. Segregation patterns in F1 and F2 generations indicated that seed color is primarily determined by maternal genotype, but parents’ genetic constitution finally defines character expression. Segregation analysis in the F3 generation indicated that seed color is governed by three loci designated as G, D, and Y1. Brown seed color was produced by the recessive allele of the Y1 locus and dominant alleles of the G and D loci (GGDDy1y1). The yellow seed color was attributed to the homozygous condition of two recessive genes and one dominant gene (ggDDy1y1 and GGddy1y1) or the homozygous condition of three dominant genes (GGDDY1Y1). Flower color was found to be controlled by three loci assigned as B1, B2, and C′, independent of the ones for seed color. The blue flower is governed by dominant alleles at all three loci, while homozygous recessive at any of the three loci will result in a white flower. Segregating ratios of 3:1, 9:7, 13:3, and 27:37 blue to white flowers suggested different epistatic interactions between these loci, including duplicate‐recessive and dominant‐recessive states.
A Multitool for Circular Economy: Fast Ring‐Opening Polymerization and Chemical Recycling of (Bio)polyesters Using a Single Aliphatic Guanidine Carboxy Zinc Catalyst
Authors: Fuchs Martin , Schäfer Pascal M. , Wagner Wolf , Krumm Ian , Walbeck Marcel , Dietrich Regina , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja
Published: June 2023

Invited for this month's cover is the group of Professor Sonja Herres‐Pawlis at the RWTH Aachen (Germany). The cover image illustrates the complex yet flexible circular economy of (bio)plastics and the role of a Zn‐based catalyst therein. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202300192.
High‐normal unconjugated bilirubin is associated with decreased risk of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes: A real‐world study
Authors: Xu Man‐Rong , Jin Chun‐Hua , Lu Jun‐Xi , Li Mei‐Fang , Li Lian‐Xi
Published: June 2023

Objective

To investigate the association between serum unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) within normal limits and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in T2DM patients.

Method

This cross‐sectional, real‐world study was performed in 8661 hospitalised T2DM patients. The subjects were stratified into quintiles based on serum UCB levels. The clinical characteristics and CKD prevalence were compared among the UCB quantile groups. The associations of serum UCB levels and quintiles with CKD were also analysed by binary logistic regression.

Results

After controlling for age, sex, and diabetes duration (DD), the CKD prevalence (20.4%, 12.2%, 10.6%, 8.3%, and 6.4% for the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth quintiles, respectively, p < 0.001 for trend) was significantly decreased across the serum UCB quintiles. The fully adjusted regression model showed negative associations of serum UCB levels (OR: 0.660, 95% CI: 0.585–0.744; p < 0.001 for trend) and quintiles (p < 0.001) with the presence of CKD. Compared with the subjects in the lowest UCB quintile, the risk of CKD decreased by 36.2%, 54.3%, 53.8%, and 62.1%, respectively, in those from the second to the highest UCB quintile. Additionally, C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly higher in the subjects with CKD than in those without CKD (p < 0.001), and significantly decreased across the UCB quintiles (p < 0.001 for trend).

Conclusions

Serum UCB levels within the normal range were significantly and negatively linked to CKD in T2DM patients. High‐normal UCB may be an independent protective factor for CKD by its antioxidant and the following anti‐inflammatory activities through its signalling activity, which was indicated by clearly decreased CRP levels across the UCB quintiles.
Area day‐ahead photovoltaic power prediction by just‐in‐time modeling with meso‐scale ensemble prediction system
Authors: Mori Yusuke , Wakao Shinji , Ohtake Hideaki , Takamatsu Takahiro , Oozeki Takashi
Published: June 2023

Photovoltaics (PV) output prediction, which is indispensable for power system operation, can affects demand and supply adjustment adversely when large prediction error occurs. Thus, the reduction of large error as well as average error is required in PV power prediction. In 2019, the operation of the Meso‐scale Ensemble Prediction System (MEPS) of numerical weather prediction started from the JapanMeteorological Agency, and the amount of forecasting information would be potentially useful for the improvement of PV power prediction. However, very few studies on inputting multiple meteorological elements of the MEPS have been reported. In this paper, we newly develop the prediction model for an area day‐ahead PV power output composed of Just‐In‐Time Modeling (JIT Modeling) with multiple elements of theMEPS. The developed method achieves precise forecasts with low computational load by both selecting meteorological elements valid for improving prediction accuracy and adequately devising the structure of JIT Modeling. Some numerical examples demonstrating the effectiveness of the developed method are also presented. In particular, the proposed method reduces large error significantly.
An integrated digital polymerase chain reaction chip for multiplexed meat adulteration detection
Authors: Yu Chengzhuang , Dai Shijie , Zhang Ziqi , Li Shanshan , Cheng Jingmeng , Hu Hezhi , Wu Jayne , Li Junwei
Published: June 2023

Meat adulteration detection is a common concern of consumers. Here, we proposed a multiplex digital polymerase chain reaction method and a low‐cost device for meat adulteration detection. Using a polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic device, polymerase chain reaction reagents could be pump‐free loaded into microchambers (40 × 40 chambers) automatically. Due to the independence of multiplex fluorescence channels, deoxyribonucleic acid templates extracted from different animal species could be distinguished by one test. In this paper, we designed primers and probes for four types of meat (beef, chicken, pork, and duck) and labeled each of the four fluorescent markers (hexachlorocyclohexane [HEX], 6‐carboxyfluorescein [FAM], X‐rhodamine [ROX], and cyanine dyes 5 [CY5]) on the probes. Specific detection and mixed detection experiments were performed on four types of meat, realizing a limit of detection of 3 copies/µL. A mixture of four different species can be detected by four independent fluorescence channels. The quantitative capability of this method is found to meet the requirements of meat adulteration detections. This method has great potential for point‐of‐care testing together with portable microscopy equipment.
Spatio‐temporal downscaling emulator for regional climate models
Authors: Barboza Luis A. , Chou Chen Shu Wei , Alfaro Córdoba Marcela , Alfaro Eric J. , Hidalgo Hugo G.
Published: June 2023

Regional climate models (RCM) describe the mesoscale global atmospheric and oceanic dynamics and serve as dynamical downscaling models. In other words, RCMs use atmospheric and oceanic climate output from general circulation models (GCM) to develop a higher resolution climate output. They are computationally demanding and, depending on the application, require several orders of magnitude of compute time more than statistical climate downscaling. In this article, we describe how to use a spatio‐temporal statistical model with varying coefficients (VC), as a downscaling emulator for a RCM using VC. In order to estimate the proposed model, two options are compared: INLA, and varycoef. We set up a simulation to compare the performance of both methods for building a statistical downscaling emulator for RCM, and then show that the emulator works properly for NARCCAP data. The results show that the model is able to estimate non‐stationary marginal effects, which means that the downscaling output can vary over space. Furthermore, the model has flexibility to estimate the mean of any variable in space and time, and has good prediction results. INLA was the fastest method for all the cases, and the approximation with best accuracy to estimate the different parameters from the model and the posterior distribution of the response variable.
Unspanned macro risks in VIX futures
Authors: Yang Xinglin
Published: June 2023

This study investigates hidden factors in the volatility index (VIX) futures market. Risk factors spanned by the futures curve have a limited ability to capture variations in the expected excess returns. The market's hidden factors provide additional predictive power for future returns in addition to that provided by the factors spanned by the futures curve. The use of a dynamic term structure model with these hidden factors indicates that the hidden factors as a proxy for macro risks materially impact the VIX futures returns and their yield term structure and are significantly helpful in depicting the dynamics of the risk premia.
The giant ShangzhuangREE‐rich apatite deposit, western China: Genesis by ultramafic magma differentiation
Authors: Wang Jinshou , Chen Xin , Xue Wanwen , Lv Junteng , Lin Hao , Li Haiquan , Yu Chengtao
Published: June 2023

The origin of giant rare earth element (REE)‐rich phosphorus deposits related to ultramafic rocks is unclear. To characterize the genetic linkage between ultramafic rocks and P–REE mineralization, we investigated the whole‐rock geochemistry, geochronology and Hf isotopic compositions, along with previously published data of barren and ore‐bearing clinopyroxenites from the giant Shangzhuang REE‐rich apatite deposit (containing about 51.1 million tonnes of P2O5and 157,400 tonnes of REEs) in the Lajishan suture, Western China. The P–REE ores and barren biotite clinopyroxenites are composed predominantly of clinopyroxene and biotite, with high levels of apatite, amphibole, allanite, sulfide and oxide minerals in the ore‐bearing samples. Zircon and allanite U–Pb ages for the barren and ore‐bearing clinopyroxenites indicate they were formed between 467 and 465 Ma. The barren and ore‐bearing samples are characterized by high CaO and low SiO2contents, as well as similar Hf isotope ratios (εHf[t]: +3.4 to +7.7), indicating that they represent an ultramafic magma system and have been derived from a similar source. They are enriched in light REEs and depleted in Nb–Ta–Zr–Hf–Ti, similar to arc‐related lavas found worldwide. The weakly evolved barren samples have high Ba/La, Rb/Y and Dy/Yb values, and their ages are coeval with calc‐alkaline granitic plutons in the belt, which postdate the formation of the Lajishan ophiolite by ~30 myr. This suggests that the primary magma originated from garnet peridotite mantle modified by subducted Proto‐Tethys oceanic crust‐derived fluids in an arc setting. The presence of apatite intergrowth with cumulus clinopyroxene without alteration features indicates that the deposit has a magmatic origin. The ore‐bearing clinopyroxenite contains higher contents of P, REEs, and high‐field‐strength elements than the barren clinopyroxenite, which could be attributed to the in situ accumulation of apatite and allanite in the residual magma. Thus, the formation of the P‐dominated orebodies results from phosphate saturation due to the extensive fractionation crystallization of clinopyroxene and biotite during magmatic evolution. REEs were primarily enriched in the late‐stage melt, which was compatible with apatite and allanite. We propose that the formation of the Shangzhuang REE‐rich apatite deposit can be attributed to a simple differentiation of ultramafic melts in an evolved magmatic system.
Ore‐forming process within the Hongyuan reduced porphyry Mo–Cu deposit, West Junggar, NW China
Authors: Wu Chu , Hong Tao , Zhang Hui‐Jun , Xu Xing‐Wang , Wang Cheng‐Xi , Zheng Xiao , Zhang Guo‐Liang , Niu Lei , Ke Qiang , Dong Lian‐Hui
Published: June 2023

The Hongyuan porphyry Mo–Cu deposit (PMCD) is a rare example of a “reduced” deposit, in contrast to classical oxidized porphyry Cu or Mo–Cu deposits. It is characterized by an ilmenite–series I–type felsic granitoid intrusion, reduced ore‐forming fluids with methane‐rich fluid inclusions, and widely distributed primary pyrrhotite. Mo–Cu mineralization in the Hongyuan PMCD occurs as disseminated in porphyry, granular in miarolitic cavity, and vein‐type in the quartz vein. These three types of mineralization are generally produced in the late magmatic period, magmatic‐hydrothermal transition period, and hydrothermal period, respectively. Molybdenite from miarolitic cavities shows a greater contribution from mantle fluid, as evidenced by mantle He proportions of 37.6%–16.8%. Molybdenite in quartz veins has relatively lower mantle He proportions of 1.63%–10.5%, indicating a predominantly crustal fluid source. The 3He/4He variations of these two groups of molybdenite illustrate an increasing input of crustal fluid during the magmatic to hydrothermal transition. Molybdenite samples from miarolitic cavities and quartz veins yield a Re‐Os model age of 300.5 ± 3.7 Ma, which is consistent with the U–Pb ages of zircons in the wallrock porphyries (300–302 Ma). This further indicates simultaneous diagenesis accompanied by mineralization. The Sr–Nd isotopic compositions (initial 87Sr/86Sr: 0.703404–0.703552; initial 143Nd/144Nd: 0.512585–0.512655; εNd[t]: +6.56 to +7.90) and young T2DM model ages (421–531 Ma) of the Hongyuan porphyries suggest that these rocks were derived from partial melting of the basaltic lower crust. We propose that mantle‐derived fluids rose up and mixed with fluids from the lower crust under an extensional tectonic setting, forming mantle‐like Sr–Nd–He–Ar isotopic compositions. The pre‐mineralization stage of the Hongyuan reduced PMCD is marked by quartz‐molybdenite ± K‐feldspar ± pyrite veins or veinlets and miarolitic cavities in the intensively potassic alteration zone. These veins formed at high temperatures (400–476°C) and high salinities (47.5–56.6 wt.%). The syn‐mineralization stage is the main metallogenic stage represented by numerous quartz‐molybdenite ± pyrrhotite veins associated with moderate to high temperatures (248°C–424°C) and low to high salinities (1.57–50.1 wt.%). The post‐mineralization stage is characterized by low temperatures (104–270°C) and low salinities (0.35–8.81 wt.%). Fluid immiscibility, mixing with meteoric water, ore fluid‐wall rock interactions, and decreasing temperature and salinity have played important roles during molybdenum mineralization.
A unique early Triassic (Spathian) conodont community from the Nanzhang‐Yuan'an Fauna, Hubei Province, South China
Authors: Wu Kui , Zou Yarui , Li Hongjun , Wan Shan , Yang Liangzhe , Cui Yasheng , Li Jiangli , Zhao Bi , Cheng Long
Published: June 2023

The largely stagnant marine ecosystem following the Permian–Triassic mass extinction (PTME) was superseded by the appearance of marine reptiles. One of the most abundant Early Triassic (Spathian) marine reptile faunas occurs in the Nanzhang‐Yuan'an area of Hubei Province, South China, and provides remarkable information for understanding biotic recovery after the PTME. Situated on the north edge of the Middle Yangtze Platform in South China, the well‐exposed Zhangjiawan stratigraphic succession in Yuan'an County represents one of the most productive sections, yielding abundant marine reptiles. Intensive sampling of this section reveals a unique conodont community both before and during the emergence of the Nanzhang‐Yuan'an Fauna (NYF). Occurrences of Neostrachanognathus tahoensis below the NYF and deposition of ʻGreen Bean Rock (GBR)ʼ above the NYF restricted this fauna to the latest Early Triassic. Except for the coniform Neostrachanognathus, this conodont community consists of abundant Ellisoniidae characterized by ramiform P1 elements. Foraminifers and fish found together with the conodont elements form other low‐level parts of the local food web. Other temporally coincident sections nearby, for example, the Yanduhe section of western Hubei Province, yield only rare conodonts. Hence, the unique conodont community from the Zhangjiawan section suggests that the Nanzhang‐Yuan'an area might be a “refuge area” for the Early Triassic marine ecosystem, or at least for the marine reptiles and the conodont communities. Although the direct connection between conodonts and marine reptiles is still uncertain, low‐level consumers—conodont animals‐played important roles in the food webs of NYF. The collision of the South China and North China blocks removed this “refuge area” and witnessed the disappearance of endemic Hupeisuchians.
Identifying the impact of health insurance on subgroups with changing rates of diagnosis
Authors: Kaliski Daniel
Published: June 2023

Expanded access to health care often leads to new diagnoses for previously undetected conditions. New diagnoses make it difficult to identify the causal effect of expanding health insurance on individuals with particular diagnoses: the newly diagnosed in the treatment group are likely to differ in unobserved ways from the control group. This paper provides two methods for dealing with this problem depending on the data available to the researcher and diagnosis‐specific knowledge. If there is no panel dimension to the data, then the causal effect for the subgroup of interest can be bounded from either above or below depending on the condition in question. If panel data are available, then the newly diagnosed can be identified, and their treated outcomes subtracted from the overall effect of interest. I apply these methods to find that the difference‐in‐discontinuities estimator underestimates the effect of Medicare prescription drug coverage on the uptake of insulin by first‐time users by 20%.
Survival analysis of a comprehensive treatment strategy for internal carotid artery blowout syndrome by nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Zhouyang , Liao Qinming , Yang Yimei , Ma Yue , Lu Xiaomeng , Qiu Qianhui , Han Fei , Huang Lijin
Published: June 2023

Objective

To retrospectively analyze the comprehensive treatment strategy for internal carotid artery blowout syndrome (CBS) by nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods

Of the 311 patients of NPC with carotid artery blowout syndrome admitted at our center from April 2018 to August 2022, 288 were enrolled.

Results

The patients were divided into two groups: treatment group (266 cases) and control group (22 cases). After comprehensive treatment, the survival rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group, especially within 6 months to the 1 year. Preventive intervention for CBS I type may have considerable benefits. And in the long run, this treatment strategy did not significantly increase the incidence of stroke in the treatment group.

Conclusion

The comprehensive treatment strategy for ICA‐CBS of patients with NPC significantly reduced the mortality of asphyxia due to epistaxis, reduced the incidence of CBS during nasal endoscopy, and finally improved survival rate.
Liraglutide ameliorates hepatic steatosis via retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptor α‐mediated autophagy pathway
Authors: Yu Xiaoqian , Bian Xiaoqi , Zhang Hongmei , Yang Shanshan , Cui Daxin , Su Zhiguang
Published: June 2023

Liraglutide, an analog of human glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), has been found to improve hepatic steatosis in clinical practice. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be fully defined. Increasing evidence suggests that retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptor α (RORα) is involved in hepatic lipid accumulation. In the current study, we investigated whether the ameliorating impact of liraglutide on lipid‐induced hepatic steatosis is dependent on RORα activity and examined the underlying mechanisms. Cre‐loxP‐mediated, liver‐specific Rorα knockout (Rora LKO) mice, and littermate controls with a Roraloxp/loxp genotype were established. The effects of liraglutide on lipid accumulation were evaluated in mice challenged with a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Moreover, mouse AML12 hepatocytes expressing small interfering RNA (siRNA) of Rora were exposed to palmitic acid to explore the pharmacological mechanism of liraglutide. The results showed that liraglutide treatment significantly alleviated HFD‐induced liver steatosis, marked by reduced liver weight and triglyceride accumulation, improved glucose tolerance and serum levels of lipid profiles and aminotransferase. Consistently, liraglutide also ameliorated lipid deposits in a steatotic hepatocyte model in vitro. In addition, liraglutide treatment reversed the HFD‐induced downregulation of Rora expression and autophagic activity in mouse liver tissues. However, the beneficial effect of liraglutide on hepatic steatosis was not observed in Rora LKO mice. Mechanistically, the ablation of Rorα in hepatocytes diminished liraglutide‐induced autophagosome formation and the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes, resulting in weakened autophagic flux activation. Thus, our findings suggest that RORα is essential for the beneficial impact of liraglutide on lipid deposition in hepatocytes and regulates autophagic activity in the underlying mechanism.
Mechanisms of cell death induced by hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) involves apoptosis, autophagy, and ER stress
Authors: Mohammed Noor A. , Lewis Kirstie , Hodges Nikolas , Michelangeli Francesco
Published: June 2023

Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), was a widely utilized brominated flame retardant, commonly found in a wide range of household products. The pervasiveness of HBCD has identified the presence of this chemical in foods and in human tissues. Therefore, HBCD has been identified as a chemical of concern. The aim was to investigate the degree of cytotoxicity of HBCD in a range of cell lines derived from different tissues, (including hematopoietic, nerve, liver, and kidney‐derived cells) with a view of determining any differential cell type effects. In addition, this study also investigated the mechanism(s) by which HBCD could cause cell death. The results showed that HCBD was considerably more toxic to leukocyte‐derived (RBL2H3) and neuronal‐derived (SHSY‐5Y) cells with LC50 values of 1.5 and 6.1 µM, respectively, compared to cells derived from liver (HepG2) and kidney (Cos‐7), which had LC50 values of 28.5 and 17.5 µM, respectively. A detailed investigation of the mechanism(s) of cell death showed that HBCD caused, at least in part, Ca2+‐dependent cell death, caspase‐activated apoptosis, and autophagy, but there was little evidence for either necrosis or necroptosis occurring. Furthermore, it was shown that HBCD can also induce the ER stress response which is a known trigger of both apoptosis and autophagy and therefore this could be one of the crucial events by which cell death is initiated. As each of these cell death mechanisms was investigated in at least two different cell lines and no differences were identified, it is likely that the mode of action is not cell‐type specific.
Evaluating training needs in clinical psychology doctoral programs
Authors: Yarrington Julia S. , Montgomery Catherine , Joyner Keanan J. , O'Connor Mary‐Frances , Wolitzky‐Taylor Kate
Published: June 2023

Objective

Advances in clinical psychology must be accompanied by advances in training. This study assessed training content, quality, and needs during clinical psychology doctoral programs among current or past doctoral students.

Methods

Current or past clinical psychology doctoral students (N = 343) completed an anonymous survey assessing training experiences and needs. A descriptive‐focused exploratory factor analysis (EFA) also examined whether common subgroups of academic interests emerged.

Results

Most participants reported that they sought training beyond required coursework, primarily in clinical training, cultural competency, and professional development, and reported having taken one or more unhelpful course, including discipline‐specific knowledge requirements. Descriptive results from the EFA demonstrated common training areas of interest: diversity topics, biological sciences, clinical practice, and research methods.

Discussion

This study demonstrates that trainees and early career psychologists are aware of their nuanced and in some cases, unmet training needs.

Conclusion

This work foregrounds the need to adapt extant training opportunities to support the next generation of clinical psychologists
A re‐introduction of the psychodynamic approach to the standard clinical psychology curriculum
Authors: Levendosky Alytia A. , Turchan Joshua E. , Luo Xiaochen , Good Evan
Published: June 2023

Objective

There is a strong evidence‐base for a psychodynamic approach, supporting primary theoretical tenets as well as the treatment effectiveness. Additionally, there are increasing calls from the field for more individualized treatment for clients, and the lack of training in multiple orientations limits the ability of students in clinical psychology Ph.D. programs in the United States to personalize their treatments. The accumulated evidence‐base for contemporary relational psychodynamic theory and therapy places it in good standing to return to the standard clinical psychology curriculum, along with other evidence‐based approaches.

Methods

We use data from the Insider's Guide (which describes clinical Ph.D. programs in the United States) from three time points over 20 years to document the waning psychodynamic approach in clinical psychology programs. We review the scientific evidence for four primary tenets of a contemporary psychodynamic approach: three related to development—from healthy to psychopathological: (1) unconscious processes; (2) internal representations of self and other; (3) dimensional model of psychopathology, and a fourth tenet that builds on these three and is the foundation for a contemporary psychodynamic approach to psychotherapy: (4) therapeutic relationship as a primary mechanism of change.

Results/Conclusions

Based on the review of the evidence, we make specific recommendations for clinical psychology training programs about how to include a psychodynamic approach in the curriculum.
Anxiety sensitivity and social support in veterans with emotional disorders
Authors: Pavlacic Jeffrey M. , Witcraft Sara M. , Allan Nicholas P. , Gros Daniel F.
Published: June 2023

Objective

An understanding of the incremental value of social support in predicting psychopathology above transdiagnostic risk factors could speak to the benefit of leveraging social factors into existing, evidence‐based interventions in veterans with emotional disorders. This cross‐sectional study aimed to expand our understanding of associations between domains of anxiety sensitivity and facets of psychopathology in veterans with emotional disorders. We also determined whether social support predicted psychopathology above anxiety sensitivity domains and combat exposure and explored these relationships with a path model.

Methods

One hundred and fifty‐six treatment‐seeking veterans with emotional disorders completed diagnostic interviews and assessments of demographics, social support, symptom measures (e.g., PTSD, depression, anxiety, and stress), and transdiagnostic risk factors (i.e., anxiety sensitivity). After data screening, 150 were included in regressions.

Results

Using regression analyses with cross‐sectional data, cognitive anxiety sensitivity concerns predicted PTSD and depression above combat exposure. Cognitive and physical concerns predicted anxiety, and cognitive and social concerns predicted stress. Above combat exposure and anxiety sensitivity, social support predicted PTSD and depression.

Conclusion

Focusing on social support in tandem with transdiagnostic mechanisms in clinical samples is critical. These findings inform transdiagnostic interventions and recommendations related to incorporation of assessment of transdiagnostic factors in clinical contexts.
Toward an optimized assessment of adolescent psychopathology risk: Multilevel environmental profiles and child irritability as predictors
Authors: Yu Qiongru , Hernandez Brianna , Swineford Conner , Walker Nia , MacNeill Leigha , Zhang Yudong , Wakschlag Lauren S. , Wiggins Jillian L.
Published: June 2023

Background

Adolescence is a developmental period during which youth experience vulnerability to psychopathology. To build the foundation for a parsimonious psychopathology risk calculator while capturing the complexity and dynamic nature of the environment, the current study aimed to identify distinct risk and resilience profiles with a wide range of environmental factors guided by Bronfenbrenner's biopsychosocial ecological system theory. The association between the early‐mid childhood risk profiles and psychopathology in adolescence were examined. Moreover, the predictive utility of early childhood irritability was evaluated in addition to the risk profiles.

Methods

The data from Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study a nation‐wide longitudinal study, were used in the latent profile analyses to identify the risk profiles with family, school, and neighborhood characteristics from 3 to 9 years old. To capture the socio‐environmental and cultural nuances, we extracted three subsamples, including Black/African American (n = 2587), Hispanic/Latinx (n = 1577), and White (n = 776) for separate analyses. Risk profile memberships were used to predict adolescence psychopathology, including depression, anxiety, attention deficits, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder symptoms. The predictive utility of early childhood irritability above and beyond environmental risk profiles was evaluated using stepwise regression.

Results

Three risk profiles were identified in the Hispanic/Latinx and Black/African American subsamples, while four profiles were identified in White subsample. Almost all risk profile membership predicted both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, while some profiles are predictive of externalizing symptoms only. Higher level of irritability predicted higher symptomatology in all five mental health outcomes above and beyond the environmental profiles.

Conclusions

Distinct risk and resilience profiles primarily driven by parent and family characteristics were identified for all three major race/ethnicity groups. Our findings lay the foundation for a more efficient multi‐tiered information gathering process in mental health clinical settings to aid the decision making for intervention and prevention.
Effects of economic context and reward amount on delay and probability discounting
Authors: Anderson Molly A. B. , Cox David J. , Dallery Jesse
Published: June 2023

Steep delay and shallow probability discounting are associated with myriad problem behaviors; thus, it is important to understand factors that influence the degree of discounting. The present study evaluated the effects of economic context and reward amount on delay and probability discounting. Two hundred thirteen undergraduate psychology students completed four delay‐ or probability‐discounting tasks. Participants were exposed to hypothetical narratives involving four bank amounts ($750, $12,000, $125,000, and $2,000,000). The delayed/probabilistic amount was $3,000 for the two smaller bank amounts and $500,000 for the two larger bank amounts. The discounting tasks included five delays to, or probabilities of, receipt of the larger amount. The area under the empirical discounting function was calculated for each participant. Participants discounted delayed and uncertain outcomes more when the bank amount was smaller than the outcome (i.e., the economic context was low). Participants discounted the delayed larger amounts less than delayed smaller amounts, even when the relative economic context was the same. In contrast, probability discounting did not differ across magnitudes, which suggests that economic context may attenuate the magnitude effect in probability discounting. The results further highlight the importance of considering the economic context in delay and probability discounting.
Peptidome‐wide association analysis of Epstein−Barr virus identifies epitope repertoires associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Deng Chang‐Mi , Wang Tong‐Min , He Yong‐Qiao , Zhang Wen‐Li , Xue Wen‐Qiong , Li Dan‐Hua , Yang Da‐Wei , Wang Qiao‐Ling , Liao Ying , Diao Hua , Jiang Cheng‐Tao , Zhang Jiang‐Bo , Yuan Lei‐Lei , Chen Xue‐Yin , Zhou Ting , Li Xi‐Zhao , Zhang Pei‐Fen , Zheng Xiao‐Hui , Zhang Shao‐Dan , Hu Ye‐Zhu , Xu Miao , Zeng Mu‐Sheng , Feng Lin , Jia Wei‐Hua
Published: June 2023

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules are essential for presenting Epstein−Barr virus (EBV) antigens and are closely related to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study aims to systematically investigate the association between HLA‐bound EBV peptides and NPC risk through in silico HLA‐peptide binding prediction. A total of 455 NPC patients and 463 healthy individuals in NPC endemic areas were recruited, and HLA‐target sequencing was performed. HLA‐peptide binding prediction for EBV, followed by peptidome‐wide logistic regression and motif analysis, was applied. Binding affinity changes for EBV peptides carrying high‐risk mutations were analyzed. We found that NPC‐associated EBV peptides were significantly enriched in immunogenic proteins and core linkage disequilibrium (LD) proteins related to evolution, especially those binding HLA‐A alleles (p = 3.10 × 10−4 for immunogenic proteins and p = 8.10 × 10−5 for core LD proteins related to evolution). These peptides were clustered and showed binding motifs of HLA supertypes, among which supertype A02 presented an NPC‐risk effect (padj = 3.77 × 10−4) and supertype A03 presented an NPC‐protective effect (padj = 4.89 × 10−4). Moreover, a decreased binding affinity toward risk HLA supertype A02 was observed for the peptide carrying the NPC‐risk mutation BNRF1 V1222I (p = 0.0078), and an increased binding affinity toward protective HLA supertype A03 was observed for the peptide carrying the NPC‐risk mutation BALF2 I613V (p = 0.022). This study revealed the distinct preference of EBV peptides for binding HLA supertypes, which may contribute to shaping EBV population structure and be involved in NPC development.
The role of periodontitis‐associated bacteria in Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review
Authors: Eslami Saba , Hosseinzadeh Shakib Nafiseh , Fooladfar Zahra , Nasrollahian Sina , Baghaei Saman , Mosaddad Seyed Ali , Motamedifar Mohammad
Published: June 2023

Alzheimer's disease causes memory loss and dementia in older adults through a neurodegenerative mechanism. Despite the pathophysiological clarification of this cognitive disorder, novel molecular and cellular pathways should be identified to determine its exact mechanism. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by senile plaques comprising beta‐amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by hyperphosphorylated tau as a microtubule‐associated protein with a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. Periodontitis through inflammatory pathways is a risk factor for deteriorating cognitive impairment in AD patients. Poor oral hygiene coupled with immunocompromised status in older adults causes periodontal diseases and chronic inflammations through an oral bacterial imbalance. Toxic bacterial products, including bacteria themselves, can reach the central nervous system through the bloodstream and evoke inflammatory responses. The present review was conducted to investigate relationships between AD and periodontitis‐involved bacteria as a risk factor.
Selective removal of Pb(II) from yellow rice wine using magnetic carbon‐based adsorbent
Authors: Shao Zhiying , Xing Changrui , Xue Mei , Fang Yong , Li Peng
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

The non‐distilled property and prolonged production period of yellow rice wine have significantly increased the metal residue problem, posing a threat to human health. In this study, a magnetic carbon‐based adsorbent, named magnetic nitrogen‐doped carbon (M‐NC), was developed for the selective removal of lead(II) (Pb(II)) from yellow rice wine.

RESULTS

The results showed that the uniformly structured M‐NC could be easily separated from the solution, exhibiting a high Pb(II) adsorption capacity of 121.86 mg g−1. The proposed adsorption treatment showed significant Pb(II) removal efficiencies (91.42–98.90%) for yellow rice wines in 15 min without affecting their taste, odor, and physicochemical characteristics of the wines. The adsorption mechanism studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) analyses indicated that the selective removal of Pb(II) could be attributed to the electrostatic interaction and covalent interaction between the empty orbital of Pb(II) and the π electrons of the N species on M‐NC. Additionally, the M‐NC showed no significant cytotoxicity on the Caco‐2 cell lines.

CONCLUSION

Selective removal of Pb(II) from yellow rice wine was achieved using magnetic carbon‐based adsorbent. This facile and recyclable adsorption operation could potentially address the challenge of toxic metal pollution in liquid foods. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
VExUS Score in the Management of Patients With Acute Kidney Injury in the Intensive Care Unit: AKIVEX Study
Authors: Rihl Marcos Frata , Pellegrini José Augusto Santos , Boniatti Márcio Manozzo
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Venous congestion is a potential cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) and venous excess ultrasound (VExUS) score is a potentially useful tool in this scenario. The aim of this study is to verify whether the VExUS score can serve as a guide to decongestion in patients with severe AKI and whether the modification of the score can be associated with an increase in the number of renal replacement therapy (RRT)‐free days in 28 days.

Methods

This quasi‐experimental study was conducted in patients admitted to the intensive care unit who developed severe AKI. The intervention was to suggest to the attending physician the use of diuretic in patients with VExUS >1. After 48 hours, a new VExUS assessment was performed. Primary outcome was RRT‐free days at Day 28.

Results

Ninety patients were included. Patients with a VExUS score >1 (n = 36) at enrollment had a greater use of diuretics in the following 48 hours (75.0%, n = 27) than patients with a VExUS ≤1 (n = 54) at enrollment (38.9%, n = 21), P = .001. Patients who reduced the VExUS score had a significantly greater number of RRT‐free days at Day 28 (28.0; 8.0–28.0) when compared with those who did not reduce (15.0; 3.0–27.5), P = .012.

Conclusions

We found a higher diuretic use in patients with a higher VExUS score, and patients who reduced the VExUS in 48 hours had significantly more RRT‐free days in 28 days.
Interaction between rhizobacterial community and host root determines poplar salt tolerance
Authors: Liao Yangwenke , Cao Chaoyang , Zhang Qingyue , Zhang Peiyao , Li Xiaogang
Published: June 2023

Rhizosphere microbes play important roles in plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. Plants of different genetic backgrounds acquire stress resistance by assembling specific rhizosphere microbial communities or typical beneficial microbiota. However, the molecular mechanisms by which plants recruit microbiota during plant acclimation to environmental stresses are unclear. Here, we investigated transcription pattern in three poplar genotypes, namely Populus davidiana × P. bolleana Loucne (SXY), P. deltoides × P. euramericana ‘Nanlin 895’ (NL895) and P. alba × P. glandulosa ‘84K’ (84K), and their effect on the rhizosphere microbial community under salinity. The results showed that SXY exhibited salt tolerance characterized by the best performance of photosynthesis and antioxidant system upon salt stress, while salt stress severely damaged the growth and membrane system of 84K. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed the lowest rhizobacterial community diversity associated with SXY compared to 84K and NL895, implying strong enrichment of certain bacterial taxa by the salt tolerant cultivar. Specifically, SXY recruited higher abundances of Hydrogenophaga and Pseudomonas. Furthermore, RNA‐seq analysis of roots combined with weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified module eigengene (ME)yellow, a module positively correlated to the SXY‐enriched OTUs. KEGG analysis revealed significant enrichment of lipid metabolic and amino acid biosynthetic pathways in MEyellow. Twenty‐four genes selected from the pathways enriched in MEyellow showed the highest expression levels in SXY. Our results suggest a “gene expression‐rhizosphere‐microbiota‐salt tolerance” regulatory process in the poplar under salinity and provide new insights into the mechanisms by which plants shape the soil microbiome to improve salt tolerance.