bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Properties of B1500HS/AA5052 Joints by Self-Piercing Riveting
Authors: Zhang Yong-Chao , Huang Zhi-Chao , Jiang Yu-Qiang , Jia Ying-Lian
Published: February 2023

Self-piercing riveting (SPR) is a suitable technology to join various materials and has attracted more attention in the automotive industry. In this work, the effects of forming parameters on the forming qualities and mechanical properties of B1500HS steel/AA5052 aluminum alloy SPR joints were analyzed. The results show that the sheet stack sequence has little influence on the peak tensile load and rigidity of SPR joints. When the steel sheet is placed on the aluminum sheet, the failure displacement, energy absorption, and ductility factor are, respectively, 2.77, 2.13, and 2.28 times larger than those of the joints with the aluminum sheet placed on the steel sheet. The SPR joints with steel sheets placed on aluminum sheets have better mechanical stability. Meanwhile, when the steel sheet is placed on the aluminum sheet, the fatigue life of the joint can be increased by about 98.4%, 88.3%, and 118.1%, respectively, under high, medium, and low fatigue loads. A joint with opposite riveting direction has the optimal fatigue performance and the fatigue life is 1.64 and 2.14 times those of the other two-rivet joints. Generally, the fatigue fractures of aluminum alloy sheets in SPR joints occurred in fatigue tests. The fatigue fracture of a joint with a steel sheet stacked on an aluminum sheet extends uni-directionally to the edge of the sheet from the riveting point, while a symmetric fatigue crack of aluminum occurs for joints with the opposite sequence. The distribution of fatigue cracks is related to fatigue load, and fatigue cracks mainly originate in the fretting wear area of the contact interface between the rivet leg, upper sheet, and lower sheet.
Development of Refractory High Entropy Alloys with Tensile Ductility at Room Temperature
Authors: Liu Zhangquan , Shi Xiaohui , Zhang Min , Qiao Junwei
Published: February 2023

In this study, a low-cost refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) with obvious macroscopic tensile ductility was designed. The evolution of the microstructures and fundamental mechanical properties with the TiZr concentration in arc-melted (TiZr)x(NbTaV)1−x (x = 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were investigated. The alloys (TiZr)0.4(NbTaV)0.6 and (TiZr)0.6(NbTaV)0.4 had a single body-centered cubic solid solution phase. Two phases were confirmed in the as-cast (TiZr)0.8(NbTaV)0.2 alloy using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. All three alloys had dendritic structures with severe element segregation. (TiZr)0.4(NbTaV)0.6 had a high yield strength of 1300 MPa with a compressive fracture strain of 16%. (TiZr)0.8(NbTaV)0.2 showed exceptional compressive plasticity but a low yield strength. (TiZr)0.6(NbTaV)0.4 had a relatively uniform yield strength and compressive fracture plasticity (950 MPa and 35%). In addition, (TiZr)0.8(NbTaV)0.2 also had a tensile ductility of 7% at room temperature.
Impact of Temperature on the Bioactive Compound Content of Aqueous Extracts of Humulus lupulus L. with Different Alpha and Beta Acid Content: A New Potential Antifungal Alternative
Authors: Basilio-Cortes Ulin A. , Tzintzun-Camacho Olivia , Grimaldo-Juárez Onecimo , Durán-Hernández Dagoberto , Suarez-Vargas Adabella , Durán Carlos Ceceña , Salazar-Navarro Alexis , González-Anguiano Luis A. , González-Mendoza Daniel
Published: February 2023

Hops contain a wide variety of polyphenolic compounds with diverse antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of temperature on the bioactive components of samples of aqueous extracts of hops with different characteristics. A central compound rotating design model was used in order to obtain optimal conditions of temperature and extract concentration to inhibit Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria solani. At intermediate temperatures according to the design of experiments, significant effects on antifungal activity were observed. The optimal conditions with antifungal activity were at a concentration of 160 mg/mL and a temperature of 65 °C to obtain mycelial diameters ≤ 25 mm. The bioactive compounds were shown in the FT-IR spectrum after each heat treatment of both samples; significant changes were observed in the bands between 2786 to 3600 cm−1 and 1022 to 1729 cm−1. The content of total phenols and flavonoids showed a concentration increase of 4.54 to 6.24 mg GAE/g and 6.21 to 8.12 mg QE/g from an initial evaluation temperature of 25 °C to 57.5 °C, respectively, benefited by the heating temperature, enhancing antifungal activity. However, when increasing the temperature ≥90 °C, a tendency to decrease the concentration of bioactive compounds was observed, probably due to their denaturation due to the effect of temperature and exposure time, being non-thermolabile compounds at high temperatures. These aqueous extracts are an alternative to effective natural antifungals.
Coinfection of Dermal Fibroblasts by Human Cytomegalovirus and Human Herpesvirus 6 Can Boost the Expression of Fibrosis-Associated MicroRNAs
Authors: Soffritti Irene , D’Accolti Maria , Maccari Clara , Bini Francesca , Mazziga Eleonora , Arcangeletti Maria-Cristina , Caselli Elisabetta
Published: February 2023

Tissue fibrosis can affect every type of tissue or organ, often leading to organ malfunction; however, the mechanisms involved in this process are not yet clarified. A role has been hypothesized for Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infections as triggers of systemic sclerosis (SSc), a severe autoimmune disease causing progressive tissue fibrosis, since both viruses and antiviral immune responses toward them have been detected in patients. Moreover, HCMV or HHV-6A infection was reported to increase the expression of fibrosis-associated transcriptional factors and miRNAs in human dermal fibroblasts. However, it is unlikely that they have separate effects in the infected host, as both viruses are highly prevalent in the human population. Thus, our study aimed to investigate, by quantitative real-time PCR microarray, the impact of HCMV/HHV-6A coinfection on the expression of pro-fibrotic miRNAs in coinfected cells, compared to the effect of single viruses. The results showed a possible synergistic effect of the two viruses on pro-fibrotic miRNA expression, thus suggesting that HCMV and HHV-6 may enhance each other and cooperate at inducing enhanced miRNA-driven fibrosis. These data may also suggest a possible use of virus-induced miRNAs as novel diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for SSc and its clinical treatment.
Examining the Effect of Notocactus ottonis Cold Vacuum Isolated Plant Cell Extract on Hair Growth in C57BL/6 Mice Using a Combination of Physiological and OMICS Analyses
Authors: Shibato Junko , Takenoya Fumiko , Kimura Ai , Min Cheol Woo , Yamashita Michio , Gupta Ravi , Kim Sun Tae , Rakwal Randeep , Shioda Seiji
Published: February 2023

The biological and psychological importance of hair is recognized worldwide. Molecules that can promote the activation of hair follicle stem cells and the initiation of the growth phase have been subjects of research. Clarifying how hair regeneration is regulated may help to provide hair loss treatments, including cosmetic and even psychological interventions. We examined the hair-growing effects of a cell extract (CE) obtained from cactus Notocactus ottonis by the cold vacuum extraction protocol, by investigating its hair-growing effects, relevant mechanisms, and potential factors therein. Using male C57BL/6 mice, vehicle control (VC: propylene glycol: ethanol: water), MXD (minoxidil, positive control), and N. ottonis CE (N-CE, experimental) were applied topically to the backs of mice. The results showed that MXD and N-CE were more effective in promoting hair growth than VC. An increase in number of hair follicles was observed with N-CE in hematoxylin-eosin-stained skin tissue. The metabolite composition of N-CE revealed the presence of growth-promoting factors. Using mouse back whole-skin tissue samples, whole-genome DNA microarray (4 × 44 K, Agilent) and proteomics (TMT-based liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) analyses were carried out, suggesting the molecular factors underlying hair-promoting effects of N-CE. This study raises the possibility of using the newly described N. ottonis CE as a hair-growth-promoting agent.
2-Phenylpyridine Derivatives: Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity against Mythimna separata, Aphis craccivora, and Tetranychus cinnabarinus
Authors: Zhang Wenliang , Chen Jingjing , Du Xiaohua
Published: February 2023

The increase in the insecticide resistance of pests, such as Mythimna separata, Aphis craccivora Koch, and Tetranychus cinnabarinus, necessitates the development of new heterocyclic compounds with high insecticidal activity. A series of novel 2-phenylpyridine derivatives containing N-phenylbenzamide moieties were designed and synthesised with Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling, nucleophilic substitution, and amidation reactions. The reaction conditions in each step are mild, and the product is easy to separate (yield is about 85%). The structures of the compounds were characterised using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and HRMS. Moreover, the insecticidal activity of the compounds was analysed using the leaf dipping method. The compounds 5a, 5d, 5g, 5h, and 5k at 500 mg/L exhibited 100% inhibition against Mythimna separata. Therefore, the 2-phenylpyridine moieties have the potential to lead to the discovery of novel and effective insecticides.
Indomethacin: Effect of Diffusionless Crystal Growth on Thermal Stability during Long-Term Storage
Authors: Svoboda Roman , Koutná Nicola , Košťálová Daniela , Krbal Miloš , Komersová Alena
Published: February 2023

Differential scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy were used to study the nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization behavior of amorphous indomethacin powders (with particle sizes ranging from 50 to 1000 µm) and their dependence on long-term storage conditions, either 0–100 days stored freely at laboratory ambient temperatures and humidity or placed in a desiccator at 10 °C. Whereas the γ-form polymorph always dominated, the accelerated formation of the α-form was observed in situations of heightened mobility (higher temperature and heating rate), increased amounts of mechanically induced defects, and prolonged free-surface nucleation. A complex crystallization behavior with two separated crystal growth modes (originating from either the mechanical defects or the free surface) was identified both isothermally and nonisothermally. The diffusionless glass–crystal (GC) crystal growth was found to proceed during the long-term storage at 10 °C and zero humidity, at the rate of ~100 µm of the γ-form surface crystalline layer being formed in 100 days. Storage at the laboratory temperature (still below the glass transition temperature) and humidity led only to a negligible/nondetectable GC growth for the fine indomethacin powders (particle size below ~150 µm), indicating a marked suppression of GC growth by the high density of mechanical defects under these conditions. The freely stored bulk material with no mechanical damage and a smooth surface exhibited zero traces of GC growth (as confirmed by microscopy) after >150 days of storage. The accuracy of the kinetic predictions of the indomethacin crystallization behavior was rather poor due to the combined influences of the mechanical defects, competing nucleation, and crystal growth processes of the two polymorphic phases as well as the GC growth complex dependence on the storage conditions within the vicinity of the glass transition temperature. Performing paired isothermal and nonisothermal kinetic measurements is thus highly recommended in macroscopic crystallization studies of drugs with similarly complicated crystal growth behaviors.
Assessing the Relationship between the Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapeutics: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mah Cassandra , Jayawardana Thisun , Leong Gary , Koentgen Sabrina , Lemberg Daniel , Connor Susan J. , Rokkas Theodore , Grimm Michael C. , Leach Steven T. , Hold Georgina L.
Published: February 2023

Current inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatments including non-biological, biological, and nutritional therapies aim to achieve remission and mucosal healing. Treatment efficacy, however, is highly variable, and there is growing evidence that the gut microbiota influences therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to define changes in the gut microbiota following IBD treatment and to identify microbial predictors of treatment response. A systematic search using MEDLINE/Embase and PubMed was performed in July 2022. The review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies were included if they reported longitudinal microbiota analysis (>2 weeks) using next-generation sequencing or high-throughput sequencing of faecal/mucosal samples from IBD patients commencing treatment. Meta-analysis on alpha-diversity changes following infliximab treatment was conducted. Thirty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria, and four studies were included in the meta-analysis. An increase in alpha diversity was observed following treatment with 5-aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, and biological therapies in most studies. Characteristic signatures involving the enrichment of short-chain-fatty-acid-producing bacteria including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and a reduction of pathogenic bacteria including various Proteobacteria were demonstrated following treatment with specific signatures identified based on treatment outcome. The meta-analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase in bacterial richness following infliximab treatment (standardised mean difference −1.16 (−1.50, −0.83), p < 0.00001). Conclusion: Distinct microbial signatures are seen following treatment and are associated with treatment response. The interrogation of large longitudinal studies is needed to establish the link between the gut microbiota and IBD therapeutic outcomes.
Effect of Climate Change on the Potentially Suitable Distribution Pattern of Castanopsis hystrix Miq. in China
Authors: Shen Linlin , Deng Haiyan , Zhang Ganglong , Ma Anqi , Mo Xiaoyong
Published: February 2023

Climate warming poses a great threat to ecosystems worldwide, which significantly affects the geographical distribution and suitable growth area of species. Taking Castanopsis hystrix Miq. as the research object, the potentially suitable cultivation regions under present and future climatic emission scenarios in China were predicted based on the MaxEnt model with 360 effective individual distributions and eight environmental variables. The min temperature of coldest month (bio6), precipitation of driest month (bio14), and precipitation of warmest quarter (bio18) are three leading factors affecting the geographical distribution area of C. hystrix Miq. The suitable cultivation regions of C. hystrix Miq. range from 18°–34° N, 89°–122° E in central and southern China and cover an area of 261.95 × 104 km2. The spatial pattern of C. hystrix Miq. will migrate to the southern region of low latitudes with a decreasing suitable area when in ssp1-2.6, and to the southwestern region of low latitudes or expand to the northeast region at high latitudes in ssp5-8.5, with an increasing suitable area; no significant change on the spatial pattern in ssp2-2.4. For ssp1-2.6 or ssp2-4.5 climate scenarios, the southern region of high latitudes will be appropriate for introducing and cultivating C. hystrix Miq., and the cultivation area will increase. For ssp5-8.5, its cultivation will increase and expand to the northeast of high-latitude areas slightly.
A Green Approach Used for Heavy Metals ‘Phytoremediation’ Via Invasive Plant Species to Mitigate Environmental Pollution: A Review
Authors: Khan Irfan Ullah , Qi Shan-Shan , Gul Farrukh , Manan Sehrish , Rono Justice Kipkorir , Naz Misbah , Shi Xin-Ning , Zhang Haiyan , Dai Zhi-Cong , Du Dao-Lin
Published: February 2023

Heavy metals (HMs) normally occur in nature and are rapidly released into ecosystems by anthropogenic activities, leading to a series of threats to plant productivity as well as human health. Phytoremediation is a clean, eco-friendly, and cost-effective method for reducing soil toxicity, particularly in weedy plants (invasive plant species (IPS)). This method provides a favorable tool for HM hyperaccumulation using invasive plants. Improving the phytoremediation strategy requires a profound knowledge of HM uptake and translocation as well as the development of resistance or tolerance to HMs. This review describes a comprehensive mechanism of uptake and translocation of HMs and their subsequent detoxification with the IPS via phytoremediation. Additionally, the improvement of phytoremediation through advanced biotechnological strategies, including genetic engineering, nanoparticles, microorganisms, CRISPR-Cas9, and protein basis, is discussed. In summary, this appraisal will provide a new platform for the uptake, translocation, and detoxification of HMs via the phytoremediation process of the IPS.
Dynamics of Non-Structural Carbohydrates Release in Chinese Fir Topsoil and Canopy Litter at Different Altitudes
Authors: Wu Xiaojian , Cao Yue , Jiang Yu , Chen Mingxu , Zhang Huiguang , Wu Pengfei , Ma Xiangqing
Published: February 2023

Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) are labile components in forest litter that can be released quickly at the early stage of litter decomposition and accelerate the metabolic turnover of soil microorganisms, which is essential for the formation of forest soil organic matter. Therefore, understanding the NSCs response mechanisms to forest litter at different altitudes is critical for understanding nutrient cycling in the forest soil under climate change conditions. In this study, we used the net bag decomposition method to observe the dynamics of NSCs release in Chinese fir topsoil and canopy litter at four altitudes for 360 days based on the climatic zone characteristics distributed vertically along the elevation of Wuyi Mountain. The release of NSCs in Chinese fir litter rise gradually with height increases during the decomposition. The difference of the cumulative release percentage of soluble sugar between different altitudes is more significant than that of starch. The response of the NSC content in different treatment groups at four altitudes are different. The release of NSCs in the leaf canopy litter is higher than that in the leaf topsoil litter. On the contrary, the release of NSCs in the mixture of leaf and twig topsoil litter is higher than that in the mixture of leaf and twig canopy litter. Taken together, this study is of great significance for a comprehensive understanding of the effect of climate change on NSCs during the decomposition of Chinese fir litter.
Multispecies Bacterial Bio-Input: Tracking and Plant-Growth-Promoting Effect on Lettuce var. sagess
Authors: Vio Santiago A. , Galar María Lina , Gortari María Cecilia , Balatti Pedro , Garbi Mariana , Lodeiro Aníbal Roberto , Luna María Flavia
Published: February 2023

The use of multispecies bacterial bio-inputs is a promising strategy for sustainable crop production over the use of single-species inoculants. Studies of the use of multispecies bio-inputs in horticultural crops are scarce, not only on the growth-promoting effects of each bacterium within the formulation, but also on their compatibility and persistence in the root environment. In this work, we described that a multispecies bacterial bio-input made up of Azospirillum argentinense Az39, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL-5, Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 and Bacillus sp. Dm-B10 improved lettuce plant growth more effectively than when these strains were inoculated as single-species bio-inputs. Bacteria persisted together (were compatible) and also colonized seedling roots of lettuce plants grown in controlled conditions. Interestingly, colonization was highly related to an early and enhanced growth of seedlings grown in the nursery. A similar effect on plant growth was found in lettuce plants in a commercial greenhouse production in the peri-urban area of La Plata City, Buenos Aires, Argentina. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that a synthetic mixture of bacteria can colonize and persist on lettuce plants, and also showing their synergistic beneficial effect both in the nursery greenhouse as well as the commercial production farm.
Safety Helmet Detection Based on YOLOv5 Driven by Super-Resolution Reconstruction
Authors: Han Ju , Liu Yicheng , Li Zhipeng , Liu Yan , Zhan Bixiong
Published: February 2023

High-resolution image transmission is required in safety helmet detection problems in the construction industry, which makes it difficult for existing image detection methods to achieve high-speed detection. To overcome this problem, a novel super-resolution (SR) reconstruction module is designed to improve the resolution of images before the detection module. In the super-resolution reconstruction module, the multichannel attention mechanism module is used to improve the breadth of feature capture. Furthermore, a novel CSP (Cross Stage Partial) module of YOLO (You Only Look Once) v5 is presented to reduce information loss and gradient confusion. Experiments are performed to validate the proposed algorithm. The PSNR (peak signal-to-noise ratio) of the proposed module is 29.420, and the SSIM (structural similarity) reaches 0.855. These results show that the proposed model works well for safety helmet detection in construction industries.
Real-Time Target Detection System for Intelligent Vehicles Based on Multi-Source Data Fusion
Authors: Zou Junyi , Zheng Hongyi , Wang Feng
Published: February 2023

To improve the identification accuracy of target detection for intelligent vehicles, a real-time target detection system based on the multi-source fusion method is proposed. Based on the ROS melodic software development environment and the NVIDIA Xavier hardware development platform, this system integrates sensing devices such as millimeter-wave radar and camera, and it can realize functions such as real-time target detection and tracking. At first, the image data can be processed by the You Only Look Once v5 network, which can increase the speed and accuracy of identification; secondly, the millimeter-wave radar data are processed to provide a more accurate distance and velocity of the targets. Meanwhile, in order to improve the accuracy of the system, the sensor fusion method is used. The radar point cloud is projected onto the image, then through space-time synchronization, region of interest (ROI) identification, and data association, the target-tracking information is presented. At last, field tests of the system are conducted, the results of which indicate that the system has a more accurate recognition effect and scene adaptation ability in complex scenes.
A Conversation about Ethics: A Deliberative and Practice-Based Approach to Ethics in Arts Education
Authors: Broadhead Samantha , Tobias-Green Karen , Hooper Sharon
Published: February 2023

This article reports on a practice-based research project that examined the various orientations of practice to ethical deliberation. The aim was to produce a film that captured ethical debate between two creative practitioners as they walked through their local streets. The film would be a catalyst for staff and students at an arts institution to think about their own ethical practices. The approach taken was based on Aristotelian notions of phronesis or practical wisdom, which is concerned with making ethical judgments based on deliberation. Issues were raised by the project, such as the tensions between policy and practice and the tensions between aesthetic considerations and ethical practice. Questions about the value of narrative, representation, and learning through doing were raised by the work.
Needle-Free Devices and CpG-Adjuvanted DNA Improve Anti-HIV Antibody Responses of Both DNA and Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Vectored Candidate Vaccines
Authors: Chapman Rosamund , van Diepen Michiel , Douglass Nicola , Hermanus Tandile , Moore Penny L. , Williamson Anna-Lise
Published: February 2023

The combination of mosaic Gag and CAP256 envelope in an HIV vaccine regimen comprising DNA prime and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) boost followed by protein boost has previously been shown to generate robust autologous Tier 2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in rabbits. Further refinements of this strategy have been investigated to improve antibody responses. The delivery of both DNA and recombinant MVA vaccines with a needle-free device was compared to delivery by injection, and the effect of formulating the DNA vaccine with adjuvant CpG ODN 1826 was determined. The Pharmajet Stratis® needle-free injection device (PharmaJet, Golden, CO, USA) improved binding antibody responses to the DNA vaccine as well as both binding and neutralizing antibody responses to the MVA vaccines. Formulation of the DNA vaccines with CpG adjuvant further improved the antibody responses. A shortened vaccination regimen of a single DNA inoculation followed by a single MVA inoculation did not elicit Tier 1B nor Tier 2 neutralization responses as produced by the two DNA, followed by two MVA vaccination regimen. This study showed the immunogenicity of HIV DNA and MVA vaccines administered in a DDMM regimen could be improved using the PharmaJet Stratis needle-free injection device and formulation of the DNA vaccines with CpG adjuvant.
Identification of an Optimal COVID-19 Booster Allocation Strategy to Minimize Hospital Bed-Days with a Fixed Healthcare Budget
Authors: Kapoor Ritika , Standaert Baudouin , Pezalla Edmund J. , Demarteau Nadia , Sutton Kelly , Tichy Eszter , Bungey George , Arnetorp Sofie , Bergenheim Klas , Darroch-Thompson Duncan , Meeraus Wilhelmine , Okumura Lucas M. , Tiene de Carvalho Yokota Renata , Gani Ray , Nolan Terry
Published: February 2023

Healthcare decision-makers face difficult decisions regarding COVID-19 booster selection given limited budgets and the need to maximize healthcare gain. A constrained optimization (CO) model was developed to identify booster allocation strategies that minimize bed-days by varying the proportion of the eligible population receiving different boosters, stratified by age, and given limited healthcare expenditure. Three booster options were included: B1, costing US $1 per dose, B2, costing US $2, and no booster (NB), costing US $0. B1 and B2 were assumed to be 55%/75% effective against mild/moderate COVID-19, respectively, and 90% effective against severe/critical COVID-19. Healthcare expenditure was limited to US$2.10 per person; the minimum expected expense using B1, B2, or NB for all. Brazil was the base-case country. The model demonstrated that B1 for those aged <70 years and B2 for those ≥70 years were optimal for minimizing bed-days. Compared with NB, bed-days were reduced by 75%, hospital admissions by 68%, and intensive care unit admissions by 90%. Total costs were reduced by 60% with medical resource use reduced by 81%. This illustrates that the CO model can be used by healthcare decision-makers to implement vaccine booster allocation strategies that provide the best healthcare outcomes in a broad range of contexts.
miRNA Profiles of Canine Intestinal Carcinomas, Lymphomas and Enteritis Analysed by Digital Droplet PCR from FFPE Material
Authors: Kehl Alexandra , Valkai Mario , Van de Weyer Anna-Lena , Brockmann Maria , Steiger Katja , Schusser Benjamin , Aupperle-Lellbach Heike
Published: February 2023

Most canine intestinal tumours are B-cell or T-cell lymphomas or carcinomas. They have to be distinguished from cases of enteritis. Non-invasive biomarkers such as miRNAs would be a step towards faster diagnosis. The aim of this study was to investigate shifts in miRNA expression in tissue samples collected from cases of enteritis, carcinoma and lymphoma of the small and large intestine to better understand the potential of miRNA as biomarkers for tumour diagnosis and classification. We selected two oncogenic miRNAs (miR-18b and 20b), two tumour suppressive miRNAs (miR-192 and 194) and two potential biomarkers for neoplasms (miR-126 and 214). They were isolated from FFPE material, quantified by ddPCR, normalised with RNU6B and compared with normal tissue values. Our results confirmed that ddPCR is a suitable method for quantifying miRNA from FFPE material. Expression of miR-18b and miR-192 was higher in carcinomas of the small intestine than in those of the large intestine. Specific miRNA patterns were observed in cases of enteritis, B-cell and T-cell lymphoma and carcinoma. However, oncogenic miR-18b and 20b were not elevated in any group and miR-126 and 214 were down-regulated in T-cell and B-cell lymphoma, as well as in carcinomas and lymphoplasmacytic enteritis of the small intestine.
Patterns of Lymphocytic Infiltrates Can Differentiate Feline Hepatic Lymphoma from Lymphocytic Portal Hepatitis
Authors: Sebastian Kimberley , Smedley Rebecca C. , Bartel Alexander , Kiupel Matti
Published: February 2023

Hepatic lymphoma is poorly characterized in cats and differentiating between inflammation and lymphomas is often difficult. The diagnosis of hepatic lymphoma in humans relies on recognition of specific patterns of lymphocytic infiltrates and clonality testing of antigen receptors. Herein, we defined similar patterns of lymphocytic infiltrates in hepatic biopsies of cats and correlated them with clonality to determine which patterns are predictive of lymphoma. A retrospective study was performed on surgical biopsies from 44 cats. The immunophenotype was characterized using CD3 and CD20 on all 44 samples. All 44 samples were tested using PCR for T-cell receptor gamma-gene rearrangements. PCR for immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements was performed on 24 of these cats. Four patterns of lymphocytic infiltrates were characterized: (1) tightly periportal, (2) periportal and centrilobular, (3) nodular, and (4) periportal with sinusoidal extension. Other histomorphologic features (fibrosis, biliary hyperplasia, bile ductopenia, bile duct targeting, hepatic hematopoiesis, lipogranulomas, lymphonodular aggregates, other inflammatory cells) were also evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of the lymphocytic patterns to diagnose lymphomas were determined using Bayesian Hui–Walter analysis (BLCM) against clonality results. Lymphocytic patterns 2, 3, and 4 accurately diagnosed hepatic lymphomas with a sensitivity and specificity of 82% (CI 95%: 0.65, 0.96) and 77% (CI 95%: 0.54, 1.00), respectively. None of the other microscopic features evaluated were predictive of a lymphoma or inflammation. Our study identified specific patterns of lymphocytic infiltration that differentiate feline hepatic lymphoma from inflammation while other histologic features were not associated with an accurate diagnosis.
Atributos essenciais: fundamentalidade da avaliação para a qualidade da atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Da Silva Clarissa Bohrer , Dos Santos Edemilson Pichek , Gomes Lidiane dos Santos , Dos Santos Vilma Constancia Fioravante , Ferreira Gímerson Erick
Published: February 2023

Objetivou-se analisar os atributos essenciais dos serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS)  na perspectiva de usuários e estudantes de Enfermagem. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em um município do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, no período de maio a novembro de 2017. Na fase quantitativa, realizou-se estudo transversal em aplicação do questionário PCATool-Brasil, versão adulto, com 272 usuários da APS, e posterior análise estatística descritiva. Na fase qualitativa, realizou-se análise documental, em apreciação a sete minutas oriundas de entrevistas grupais e registros de diários de campo de 28 avaliadores, os quais foram sumarizadas pelo Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Os resultados expõem situações preocupantes, em panorama aquém do ideal, com avaliações dos atributos abaixo da média considerada satisfatória, apontando para fragilidades na qualidade da APS, estas corroboradas pelo coletivo de avaliadores. As avaliações tecidas revelam um cenário da saúde comprometedor no que tange à qualidade das ações prestadas, e endossam a fundamentalidade da avaliação como componente estratégico da gestão em saúde, que favorece a mobilização para empreender em tempos de crise.
Study of the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus strains and lysozyme on growth of Clostridium spp. responsible for cheese late blowing defect
Authors: Olivera Rodi Jorge , Gonz´ález Ramos Marcela Joan , Díaz Gadea Pedro , Reginensi Stella Maris
Published: February 2023

Three strains of Lactobacillus were  previously isolated from dairy products, Lactobacillus casei 26, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 76 and L. casei 95. Anti-costridial activities of these strains were evaluated against a collection of Clostridium isolates, belonging to species responsible for late blowing defect in cheese. The three strains of Lactobacillus inhibited the growth of all Clostridium isolates analyzed. The inhibitory effect of cell-free supernatant of each of these Lactobacillus strains combined with that of commercial strain L. casei BAL C, or with a solution of lysozyme, were compared by disc diffusion assay. Mixtures of cell-free Lactobacillus supernatants and lysozyme exhibited higher inhibitory activity than the supernatants and lysozyme solution separately (P < 0.05). Additionally, Lactobacillus strains were resistant to lysozyme concentrations usually used during cheese making process.
СИСТЕМА ПІДГОТОВКИ ВЧИТЕЛІВ У КИТАЙСЬКІЙ НАРОДНІЙ РЕСПУБЛІЦІ
Authors: Май Вень
Published: February 2023

The article presents the system of training teachers of general secondary
education institutions in China, highlights the peculiarities of the interpretation
of the concept of «teacher training» in the People’s Republic of China, discloses
the measures of the government of this country, which are aimed at improving the
quality of pedagogical education, increasing the number of qualified teachers
ПРОБЛЕМА ПОЛІТИЧНОГО І ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОГО ВИХОВАННЯ УЧНІВ У НАУКОВО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНІЙ ДУМЦІ НІМЕЧЧИНИ
Authors: Хрик М. В.
Published: February 2023

Dissertations, monographs, analytical works, publications in periodicals
by German authors are analyzed in the article. It was found that these works
revealed the connection between political culture and political education, defined
the principles and methods of political and civic education, and the features of
civic education for students with special educational needs
РОЗВИТОК ІДЕЙ ПРОСВІТНИЦТВА У СВІТОВІЙ ПЕДАГОГІЧНІЙ ДУМЦІ
Authors: Хун Женьлун
Published: February 2023

The article reveals the origin of the concepts of enlightenment and
enlightenment activities as well as the characteristic features of the Age of
Enlightenment. The author outlines the directions of thinkers and philosophers’
enlightenment activities in the Age of Enlightenment as well as the directions
of educators’ enlightenment activities in Great Britain and Ukraine in the 19th
century — at the beginning of the 20th century.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ДУХОВНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ У ПІДГОТОВЦІ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ –ХОРЕОГРАФІВ В ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ КНР
Authors: Чан Чжень
Published: February 2023

The article considers the main current problems of the formation of the
spiritual culture of future teachers-choreographers. The essence of the concept
of «spiritual culture» and its components are revealed. The main directions of
the process of formation of spiritual culture and spiritual stability of students of
creative specialties in the People’s Republic of China are determined.
ZnO/graphene heterostructure for electrical interaction and application for CO2 gas sensing
Authors: Kim June Soo , Kwon Soon Yeol , Lee Jae Yong , Kim Seung Deok , Kim Da Ye , Kim Hyunjun , Jang Noah , Wang Jiajie , Jung Dong Geon , Lee Junyeop , Han Maeum , Kong Seong Ho
Published: February 2023

Recently, the concentration of CO2, one of the major air pollutants for greenhouse effect, is increasing due to the massive use of fossil fuels. Thus, research about gas sensors for monitoring CO2 gas has performed, and conventional methods have the challenge of requiring complex structures. Thus, research about gas sensors using nanomaterials has been conducted, and graphene-based gas sensors have been actively researched for its extraordinary conductivity. However, there are challenges that the gas absorption site is limited in chemically unstable sites. In this study, ZnO/graphene heterostructure to improve the gas absorption area with high conductivity through ZnO on graphene was presented. Each layer acted as a gas adsorption and a carrier conducting layer respectively, and the sensitivity by the thickness of ZnO and the effect of the annealing temperature were evaluated. This work exhibited a sensitivity of 78% at room temperature, and repeatability and selectivity were also studied.
Pembuatan Ignition System Pada Micro Turbojet Engine AERO–16
Authors: Alex Indirwan , Rabeta Bismil , Rosadi Imron
Published: February 2023

Prinsip kerja mesin turbojet bergantung dari komponen utamanya. Komponen utama dari mesin turbojet yaitu kompresor, ruang bakar, turbin. Sebelumnya telah dilakukan pembuatan micro turbojet engine aero – 16 dimana masih ada kekurangan yang harus diperbaiki, salah satunya ignition system. Pada tugas akhir ini dilakukan pembuatan ignition system untuk menunjang proses pembakaran pada micro turbojet engine aero - 16. Ignition system tersebut mempunyai perbedaan dengan system turbojet lainnya secara umum. Ignition system berfungsi menciptakan percikan bunga api pada igniter plug sebagai pemicu terjadinya penyalaan alat yang sebelumnya dibuat, dimana secara fungsi dapat menyebabkan terjadinya ledakan pada combustion chamber. Ignition system merupakan bagian yang penting pada combustion chamber, karena tanpa ada system pengapian, pembakaran campuran udara dan fuel pada combustion chamber tidak akan pernah terjadi. Ignition system telah bekerja dan dapat diaplikasikan sebagai pelengkap sistem pada micro turbojet engine aero – 16 dengan parameter penyalaan di ruang bakar dapat dilakukan dengan minimum putaran potensio meter sebesar 12% dan Rpm minimum sebesar 847. Dimana set pada pressure gauge gas sebesar 1  dan mempunyai nilai laju aliran massa rata – rata sebesar 24 gram per menit selama tiga kali pengujian dengan set parameter yang sama.
Enhancing active reconfigurable intelligent surface
Authors: Khalil Muhammad
Published: February 2023

 A Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) panel comprises many independent Reflective Elements (REs). One possible way to implement an RIS is to use a binary passive load impedance connected to an antenna element to achieve the modulation of reflected radio waves. Each RE reflects incoming waves (incident signal) by using on/off modulation between two passive loads and adjusting its phase using a Phase Shifter (PS). However, this modulation process reduces the amplitude of the reflected output signal to less than unity. Therefore, recent RIS works have employed Reflection Amplifiers (RAs) to compensate for the losses incurred during the modulation process. However, these systems only improve the reflection coefficient for a single modulation state, resulting in suboptimal RE efficacy. Thus, this paper proposes a strategy for optimising RE by continuously activating the RA regardless of the switching load state. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated in two scenarios: (1) In the first scenario (Sc1), the RA only operates to compensate for high-impedance loads, and (2) in the second scenario (Sc2), the RA runs continuously regardless of the RE loads. To benchmark the performance of Sc1 and Sc2, various metrics are compared, including signal-to-noise ratio, insertion loss, noise figure, communication range, and power-added efficiency. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. It is found that the proposed system in Sc2 leads to better overall performance compared to Sc1 due to the increased gain of the RIS reflection.
Wideband 3-D-Printed Metal-only Reflectarray for Controlling Orthogonal Linear Polarizations
Authors: Palomares-Caballero Ángel , Molero Jiménez Carlos , Padilla Pablo , García-Vigueras María , Gillard Raphaël
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a metal-only reflectarray that enables the control  of incident orthogonal polarizations in a large bandwidth. The proposed  reflectarray is based on a unit cell whose tuning elements allow the independent control of the reflection phase value for the vertical and  horizontal impinging polarizations. Due to the symmetry of the unit  cell, the same performance is produced by each polarization when its reflection phase response is modified. The proposed unit cell provides a  fairly linear phase response along the frequency with a phase variation  in the orthogonal polarization of ±1°. The performance under oblique  incidence and the frequency limitation of the unit cell are also  investigated. From this unit cell, a metal-only reflectarray that  produces circular polarization from a linear polarization is designed.  The reflectarray presents a simulated directivity greater than 27 dBi  with an axial ratio below 1.5 dB from 32 GHz to 50 GHz (43.9% of  bandwidth). A prototype is fabricated and the measured results agree  well with the simulated ones. The obtained aperture efficiency is  between 56% and 41% in the considered frequency band. The measured  realized gain ranges from 27 dBi to 30.3 dBi where the achieved  radiation efficiency is greater than 97% 
Patch-wise 3D Segmentation Quality Assessment Combining Reconstruction and Regression Networks
Authors: Zaman Fahim Ahmed , Roy Tarun Kanti , Sonka Milan , Wu Xiaodong
Published: February 2023

In this article, we propose a novel deep learning framework to identify location-specific inaccurate segmentation for medical images to aid downstream analyses. The proposed method relies directly on the extracted segmentation related features and does not need to use the independent standard during the inference phase to identify erroneous regions in the computed segmentation. This is significant because image segmentation plays an indispensable role for automated quantitative analysis in modern precision medicine and the absence of case-by-case ground truth for medical images limits the segmentation quality assessment. Moreover, in contrast to our approach, to the best of our knowledge, current deep learning-based segmentation quality assessment models evaluate the segmentation quality globally and may ignore significant local segmentation errors in locations where diseases are prevalent. For the purpose of disease diagnosis and/or prognosis, it is critical to identify inaccurate segmentation in local regions. We used two publicly available datasets to evaluate our method and show that our method is robust and works well to localize small but significant inaccurate segmentation in the cases of both good and bad overall segmentation results for different imaging modalities. 
ThermoSurf: Thermal display technology for dynamic and multi-finger interactions
Authors: Peters Luka , Serhat Gokhan , Vardar Yasemin
Published: February 2023

Thermal feedback has been proven to enhance user experience in human-machine interactions. Yet state-of the-art thermal technology has focused on the single finger or palm in static contact, overlooking dynamic and multi-finger interactions. The underlying challenges include incompatible designs of conventional interfaces for providing salient thermal stimuli for such interactions and, thereby, a lack of knowledge on human thermal perception for relevant conditions. Here we present the ThermoSurf, a new thermal display technology that can deliver temperature patterns on a large interface suitable for dynamic and multi-finger interactions. We also investigate how user exploration affects the perception of the generated temperature distributions. Twenty-three human participants interacted with the device following three exploration conditions: static-single finger, dynamic-single finger, and static-multi finger. In these experiments, the individuals evaluated 15 temperature differences ranging from -7.5 °C to +1.5 °C with an initial temperature of 38 °C. Our results showed that human sensitivity against thermal stimuli is significantly greater for static-single finger contact compared to the other tested conditions. In addition, this interaction type resulted in higher thermal discrimination thresholds than the ones reported in the literature. Our findings offer new perspectives on providing salient and consistent thermal feedback for future tactile interfaces. 
On modules over the mod 2 Steenrod algebra and hit problems
Authors: Võ Phúc Đặng
Published: February 2023

Let us consider the prime field of two elements, $\mathbb F_2\equiv \mathbb Z_2.$  It is well-known that the classical "hit problem" for a module over the mod 2 Steenrod algebra $\mathscr A$ is an interesting and important open problem of Algebraic Topology, which asks a minimal set of generators for the polynomial algebra $\mathcal P_m:=\mathbb F_2[x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_m]$ on $m$ variables $x_1, \ldots, x_m,$ each of degree one, regarded as a connected unstable $\mathscr A$-module.  The algebra $\mathcal P_m$ is the cohomology with $\mathbb F_2$-coefficients of the product of $m$ copies of the Eilenberg-MacLan complex $K(\mathbb F_2, 1).$ Although the hit problem has been thoroughly studied for more than 3 decades, solving it remains a mystery for any $m\geq 5.$ In this article, we develop our previous work [Commun. Korean Math. Soc. 35 (2020), 371-399] on the hit problem for $\mathscr A$-module $\mathcal P_5$ in generic degree $n:=n_s = 5(2^{s}-1) + 18.2^{s}$ with $s$ an arbitrary non-negative integer. As a direct result, a local version of Kameko's conjecture, which concerns the dimension of the cohit space $\mathbb F_2\otimes_{\mathscr A}\mathcal P_m$ associated with weight vectors, has been shown to be true for $m = 5$ and degree $n_s.$ Also, we show that this conjecture also holds for any $m\geq 1$ and degrees $\leq 12.$ Two applications of  interest associated with this study are: establishing the dimension result for the cohit space $\mathbb F_2\otimes_{\mathscr A}\mathcal P_m$ for $m = 6$ in generic degree $5(2^{s+4}-1) + n_1.2^{s+4}$ with $s > 0,$ and describing the modular representations of the general linear group of rank $5$ over $\mathbb F_2.$ From this we are able to prove that the algebraic transfer, defined by W. Singer [Math. Z. 202 (1989), 493-523], is an isomorphism in bidegrees $(5, 5+n_s)$ with $s\geq 0.$ Besides, a new result on the behavior of this algebra transfer for all homological degrees $m$ is also obtained. Specifically, we have demonstrated that Singer's transfer is a trivial isomorphism in bidegree $(m, m+12)$ for arbitrary $m > 0.$ 