bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRATEGI BAURAN PEMASARAN INDUSTRI TEMPE DI KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI SYARIAH
Authors: Desky Harjoni , Rahmawati Rahmawati
Published: April 2021

The fall in the sale and purchase figures in the tempe industry in Banda Sakti District, Lhokseumawe City is quite interesting to study. The purpose of this study is to, first, find out the marketing mix strategy; second, knowing the supporting and inhibiting factors; and third, knowing in terms of the tempe home industry Islamic economics. Primary data and secondary data obtained by observation, interviews, and questionnaires, then analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods. The results of the study show: the marketing mix strategy undertaken by the tempe home industry is still traditional, both in terms of product, place, promotion, and price. The supporting factor is one of the traditional foods, which is popular in the community and sterile from chemicals, while the inhibiting factor is the limited raw material for soybeans. The Marketing Mix Strategy in terms of Islamic Economics is as follows: Tempeh products are not prohibited; Prices offered are affordable; Place of marketing in strategic locations and easily accessible; Promotion is not yet fully in accordance with the Islamic economic system, because it has not yet maximized to increase sales, it is evident from the aspect of the strategy that it still is.

Keywords: Marketing Mix Strategy, Tempe Industry, Sharia Economy.

 

Abstrak

Turunnya angka jual beli tempe di Kecamatan Banda Sakti, Kota Lhokseumawe cukup menarik untuk diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk, pertama,mengetahui strategi bauran pemasaran yang dilakukan oleh pengusaha industri tempe; kedua, mengetahui faktor pendukung dan penghambat; dan ketiga, mengetahui ditinjau dari ekonomi Islam industri rumah tangga tempe. Data primer dan data sekunder didapat dengan wawancara, observasi, wawancara, dan kuesioner, selanjutnya dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasilnya penelitian menunjukkan: strategi bauran pemasaran yang dilakukan industri rumah tangga tempe masih tradisional, baik dari segi produk, tempat, promosi, dan harga. Faktor pendukungnya merupakan salah satu makanan tradisional, yang populer di masyarakat dan seteril dari bahan kimia, sementara faktor penghambatnya, terbatasnya bahan baku kedelai. Strategi Bauran Pemasaran ditinjau dari Ekonomi Islam adalah sebagai berikut: Produk tempe tidak dilarang; Harga ditawarkan terjangkau; Tempat pemasaran di lokasi strategis dan mudah diakses; Promosi belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan sistem ekonomi syariah, karena belum memaksimalkan untuk meningkatkan penjualan, terbukti dari aspek strategi masih seperti apa adanya.

Kata Kunci: Strategi Bauran Pemasaran; Industri Tempe: Ekonomi Syariah.
PENGARUH PERSEPSI KEMUDAHAN, PERSEPSI KEUNTUNGAN, PERSEPSI KEAMANAN TERHADAP MINAT PENGUSAHA MIKRO MENGUNAKAN PRODUK RAHN BANK ACEH SYARIAH DI KABUPATEN BIREUEN
Authors: Haryani Haryani , Asrida Asrida , Aziz Iskandar , Bariah Chairul
Published: April 2021

This study aims to analyze the effect of convenience, profit, safety simultaneously and partially on the public's interest in using the rahn product of Bank Aceh Syariah in Bireuen Regency. This research is a quantitative study using multiple linear regression analysis method with a total of 31 respondents. The results of this study indicate that the perception of convenience, the perception of profit and the perception of security simultaneously have a significant effect on the interest of micro entrepreneurs in using the rahn products of Bank Aceh Syariah in Bireuen Regency. The perception of convenience has a significant influence on the interest of micro entrepreneurs in using Bank Aceh Syariah rahn products in Bireuen Regency. Perceptions of profit have a significant influence on the interest of micro entrepreneurs in using Bank Aceh Syariah rahn products in Bireuen Regency. Perceptions of security have a significant influence on the interest of micro entrepreneurs in using Bank Aceh Syariah rahn products in Bireuen Regency.

 

Keywords: Perception, Interests, Rahn, Profits, Security, Ease

 

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kemudahan, keuntungan, keamanan secara serempak dan parsial terhadap minat masyarakat menggunakan produk rahn Bank Aceh Syariah di Kabupaten Bireuen. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode analisis regresi linier berganda dengan total responden sebanyak 31 orang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa persepsi kemudahan, persepsi keuntungan dan persepsi keamanan secara serempak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat pengusaha mikro dalam menggunakan produk rahn Bank Aceh Syariah Di Kabupaten Bireuen. Persepsi kemudahan mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap minat pengusaha mikro dalam menggunakan produk rahn Bank Aceh Syariah di Kabupaten Bireuen. Persepsi keuntungan mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap minat  pengusaha mikro dalam menggunakan produk rahn Bank Aceh Syariah di Kabupaten Bireuen. Persepsi keamanan mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap minat  pengusaha mikro dalam menggunakan produk rahn Bank Aceh Syariah di Kabupaten Bireuen.   

 

Kata kunci: Persepsi, Minat, Rahn, Keuntungan, Keamanan, Kemudahan
Strongly $\lambda$-Statistically and Strongly Vallée-Poussin Pre-Cauchy Sequences in Probabilistic Metric Spaces
Authors: Ghosh Argha , Das Samiran
Published: April 2021

We introduce the notions of strongly $\lambda$-statistically pre-Cauchy and strongly Vall´ee-Poussin pre-Cauchy sequences in probabilistic metric spaces endowed with strong topology. And we show that these two new notions are equivalent. Strongly $\lambda$-statistically convergent sequences are strongly $\lambda$-statistically pre-Cauchy sequences, and we give an example to show that there is a sequence in a probabilistic metric space which is strongly $\lambda$-statistically pre-Cauchy but not strongly $\lambda$-statistically convergent.
A Hospital Clinic Experience with Isolated Lateral Meniscal Tears in Sports: A Chart Review on Rugby
Authors: Ochiai Satoshi , Hagino Tetsuo , Senga Shinya , Taniguchi Naofumi , Ando Takashi , Haro Hirotaka
Published: April 2021

Background: Rugby is a contact sport, and the frequency of injuries is high. In our clinical experience with patients diagnosed arthroscopically with lateral meniscus tears in the middle segment, rugby players are more prevalent than players of other sports. We hypothesized that a meniscus tear in the middle segment is a common injury in rugby players and is associated with specific positions in rugby. Objectives: This study aimed to describe a series of lateral meniscus tears in rugby players. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of cases with an arthroscopically confirmed isolated lateral meniscus tear in the middle segment associated with rugby players in our center between 2006 and 2020. We investigated the epidemiology of injury, including the player position and phase of play, the symptoms; as well as imaging and arthroscopic findings. Results: Of 4452 cases (4666 knees) diagnosed arthroscopically with meniscus tears, 27 cases (28 knees) were isolated radial lateral meniscus tears in the middle segment, 26 of which were sports-associated, including 11 cases related to rugby. Among the 11 rugby players, 10 were forwards, 5 of whom were in the front row. The injury was associated with a tackle in 4 patients, while the phase of play of injury was unknown in 6 patients. In the clinical manual examination, tenderness and a positive hyperextension test had a relatively high sensitivity. In imaging examination, MRI depicted a characteristic image of a partial meniscal defect in the sagittal view. All patients underwent arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. The postoperative course was favorable. All patients returned to play rugby at the pre-injury competition level. Conclusions: In this study, radial lateral meniscus tears involving the middle segment frequently occurred in rugby players, mostly in forward positions. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy achieved a return to play in all players.
The Mental Health and Job Burnout of Nurses During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Resilience as a Mediator
Authors: Zanjani Zahra , Joekar Sanaz , Omidi Abdollah
Published: April 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had adverse psychological, social, and economic consequences around the world. Nurses and physicians have been more negatively affected by this pandemic as compared to other occupational groups. Objectives: The present survey aimed to investigate the job burnout and mental health of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between mental health and job burnout. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in two public hospitals of Kashan, Iran from March 2020 until the end of June 2020. A total of 108 nurses participated in this study. The assessment tools included the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), nurses’ job Burnout Questionnaire, and Resilience Scale. Hierarchical linear regression models were used to evaluate the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between job burnout and mental health. Results: The results showed that 61.1% of the participants had mild to severe mental health problems, while 13% reported no job burnout. In terms of resilience, most participants (88.9%) reported moderate resilience. Based on the results, resilience partially mediated the effect of mental health problems on job burnout. The present findings highlighted the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between job burnout and mental health problems among nurses. Conclusions: The present findings suggested that evaluation of resilience resources and traits might be helpful in predicting individuals at risk of psychological problems and job burnout.
COVID-19 in Eastern Mediterranean Region Countries
Authors: Moradi Leila
Published: April 2021

Background: COVID-19, as an emerging disease, is characterized by acute respiratory syndrome and caused by a coronavirus. The disease was first seen in China and gradually spread across other parts of the world. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate COVID-19 characteristics in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Methods: The data of confirmed COVID-19 cases and related deaths in different countries were extracted from the reports of the World Health Organization and transferred to SPSS software, where final calculations were performed, and fatality rates were obtained. Results: The highest rate of COVID-19 was observed in Iran, with 975951 confirmed cases. The highest COVID-19 death rate was also in Iran, with 48628 deaths, and the highest fatality rate was in Yemen with 29.12%. Conclusions: The findings related to the confirmed cases of COVID-19, including death reports, showed that the quality and accuracy of reports were not the same in different countries, in different countries, including Iran, in which health equipment and facilities are comparable with developed countries. Observing social distancing and avoiding unnecessary travel are essential to prevent the disease from spreading across the Eastern Mediterranean region.
Reassembling Scholarly Communications: Histories, Infrastructures, and Global Politics of Open Access [Book Review]
Authors: Avery Joshua M.
Published: April 2021

A review of Reassembling Scholarly Communications: Histories, Infrastructures, and Global Politics of Open Access.
Sustaining and Enhancing the Scholarly Communications Department: A Comprehensive Guide [Book Review]
Authors: Dickson Chelsee
Published: April 2021

Are you interested in the field of scholarly communications or have you recently been hired at your institution as the director of scholarly initiatives? The concepts presented in Sustaining and Enhancing the Scholarly Communications Department: A Comprehensive Guide by Kris S. Helge, Ahmet Meti Tmava, and Amanda R. Zerangue provide guidance for the scholarly communications librarian, especially those new to the profession.
Traditional Architecture in Romanian Philately (I): the Case Study Regarding Households from Audia, Bancu and Berbești
Authors: Cioruța Bogdan-Vasile , Pop Alexandru Leonard
Published: April 2021

Vernacular and traditional architecture occupies a central place in the soul and pride of all people and has been accepted as a characteristic and attractive product of society, with a formal image. There is talk of a utilitarian architecture, which possesses interest and beauty, and which retains in the contemporary memory of the history of society. At the same time, it is unworthy of human heritage if this traditional harmony is not preserved, which is, in fact, the core of the human experience. In this context, the purpose of this study is to emphasize the beauty of traditional Romanian architecture in terms of philately. We want to expose the architectural specifics of three areas - Audia (Neamț), Bancu (Harghita), and Berbești (Maramureș) using postage stamps, illustrated postcards and other philatelic effects.
Management of War Limb Injuries in the 21st Century
Authors: Katsaras A.
Published: April 2021

Background: War trauma includes some of the most complex injury entities that require complex techniques, often in austere settings. After body armor use and advanced resuscitation and evacuation plans, limb injuries and salvage has increased. In this article, we review the recent war injured care, regarding limb injuries.

Methods: Retrospective literature search in PubMed was conducted for articles after 2010, regarding initial limb salvage and advanced reconstruction after evacuation. 43 published articles and manuals were included in the review, so that the latest protocols be interpreted.

Results: Protocols of war surgery and extremity injuries have changed in modern warfare, as high energy weapons often cause severe limb injuries affecting multiple tissues. Of utmost importance is the thorough debridement and staged reconstruction, after optimization of injured tissue condition. In priority series, vascular, bony, nerve and soft tissue injuries have to be addressed. Reconstruction techniques must be adapted to each injury.

Conclusion: As weapons evolve and war conduction changes, medical care must constantly evolve, too, in order to meet the standard of care required to achieve extremity salvage and good functionality.
Fast Detection of Chloramphenicol in Raw Milk Using a Hairpin Aptamer-templated Silver Nanoclusters
Authors: Li Hengchao , Hu Bin , Cheng Yuliang , Yu Hang , Xie Yunfei , Yao Weirong , Guo Yahui , Qian He
Published: April 2021

In this presented work, a facile and efficient method was established for the detection of chloramphenicol (CAP) based on target-induced structure transformation of aptamer. This aptamer DNA with a hairpin structure can coincidentally serve as a template for the synthesis of bright silver nanoclusters (quantum yield 16.36%). The binding of CAP with aptamer DNA could cause the destruction of the hairpin structure, resulting in the quenching of the fluorescence of silver nanoclusters (AgNCs). It costs less than 10 minutes to complete the assay, and excellent sensitivity was achieved with detection limit of 0.052 nmol/L. The selectivity and recovery experiments also demonstrated satisfactory results of this proposed protocol. The method has potential applicability, and provides a new strategy for the development of label-free sensors based on aptamer and AgNCs.
About the Origin of the Dark Energy and the Zero Mass/Energy Universe
Authors: Frohberg Guenter
Published: April 2021

Based on the Gravito-Electro-Magnetic (GEM) equations as another form (for low fields) of Einstein's Equations of General Relativity Theory (GRT) an equation is derived for the total energy density in the universe, including the gravitational fields, the contribution thereof is always negative and so it seems to represents the Dark Energy (DE).  When calculating the total energy of the universe from this equation, the result is near to zero because of negative contributions from gravitational fields, depending a little on the available parameters of the universe as e.g. it's baryonic mass. Thus the assumption is given a high amount of probability, that the total energy (mass) in the universe is really zero and very likely is always zero. This  would mean, that the universe developed from empty space-time or from nothing (may be by quantum fluctuations). Looking on the development it could be  that the average energy density is zero for each sufficient large part of the universe at any time, except for very local deviations (e.g. galaxies, black holes etc.). As a consequence the expansion of the universe is probably not retarded by gravity (thus the Friedmann equation and others do not apply). The expansion of the universe can be considered as driven by the pressure of a gas-like medium with positive masses as by intergalactic gas, dust, stars and galaxies. Conclusions are drawn as to the interpretation of the formation of voids in the universe, flat space etc.
Multivariate-Based Technique for Solving Multi-Response Surface Optimization (MRSO) Problems: The Case of a Maximization Problem
Authors: Usen John E. , Akpan Stephen S. , Ugbe Thomas A. , Ikpang Ikpang N. , Uket Joy O. , Obeten Bright O.
Published: April 2021

Multi-response surface optimization (MRSO) is a problem that is peculiar to an industrial setting, where the aim of a process engineer is to set his process at operating conditions that simultaneously optimize a set of process responses. In Statistics, several methods have been proffered for tackling problems of this nature. Some of such methods are that of: overlapping contour plots, constrained optimization problem, loss function approach, process capability approach, distance function approach, game theory approach, and the desirability function approach. These, methods are however, not without teething flaws as they are either too problem specific, or require very complex and inflexible routines; little wonder, the method of desirability function has gained popularity especially because it overcomes the latter limitation. In this article, we have proposed and implemented a multivariate-based technique for solving MRSO problems. The technique fused the ideas of response surface methodology (RSM), multivariate multiple regression and Pareto optimality. In our technique, RSM was implemented on an all-maximization problem as a case-study process; in which case, first-order models (FOMs) for the responses were fitted using 2k factorial designs until the FOMs proved to be inadequate, while uniform precision rotatable central composite design was used to obtain second-order models (SOMs) for the respective responses in the event of model inadequacy of the FOMs. With the implementation of the proposed technique to the case study, optimal operating conditions were obtained, with observations stemming thereof summarized as axioms. The first, second and third axioms respectively stated that: (1) the mid-point of all optimal operating conditions obtained via the proposed technique is Pareto optimal, (2) the mid-point of all optimal responses at the Pareto optimal operating condition is Pareto optimal, and (3) the region bounded by each of the optimal operating conditions from each second-order model (SOM) is a Pareto front.
Methodologies for Imputation of Missing Values in Rice Pest Data
Authors: Jinubala V. , Jeyakumar P.
Published: April 2021

Data Mining is an emerging research field in the analysis of agricultural data. In fact the most important problem in extracting knowledge from the agriculture data is the missing values of the attributes in the selected data set. If such deficiencies are there in the selected data set then it needs to be cleaned during preprocessing of the data in order to obtain a functional data. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the effectiveness of the various imputation methods in producing a complete data set that can be more useful for applying data mining techniques and presented a comparative analysis of the imputation methods for handling missing values. The pest data set of rice crop collected throughout Maharashtra state under Crop Pest Surveillance and Advisory Project (CROPSAP) during 2009-2013 was used for analysis. The different methodologies like Deleting of rows, Mean & Median, Linear regression and Predictive Mean Matching were analysed for Imputation of Missing values. The comparative analysis shows that Predictive Mean Matching Methodology was better than other methods and effective for imputation of missing values in large data set.
Evaluation of Fertilizer Types on the Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays)
Authors: Oluwagbemi C. O. , Oni A. C. , Adeegbe J. F. , Ajakaye A. S.
Published: April 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield of maize to compost, organomineral fertilizer, and mineral fertilizer at Iyaganku and Moniya farm sites in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Treatments consisted of Organomineral fertilizer (A), Compost (B), Fresh compost (C), Mineral fertilizer (D = N.P.K. 15:15:15), and Control (E = no fertilizer). Experimental design was randomized complete block design replicated four times. Compost treatments (45 kgNha-1) were applied at one week before sowing while N.P.K. 15:15:15 fertilizer (300 Kg N ha-1) was applied two weeks after sowing. The growth and yield data collected were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of GENSTAT Discovery software. Significant means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at p = 0.05. The results of the analysis revealed no significant difference in the number of leaves and stem girth at 8 weeks after sowing (WAS) at Iyaganku. Tallest maize plants were recorded from plots treated with A and B. Also, treatments showed no significant difference in the dry weight (g/cob) of husked and unhusked maize at harvest. At Moniya, plots treated with A produced high number of leaves while lowest number of leaves were recorded from control plots and plots treated with B, C, and D. Similarly, no significant difference was observed in stem girth, plant height, dry weight (g/cob) of husked and unhusked maize at harvest between control plots, and plots treated with C, and D. Larger stem girths, tallest plants, dry weight (g/cob) of husked and unhusked maize at harvest were observed in plots treated with A and B. The results from Moniya farm site suggest that organomineral fertilizer and compost have the potential to enhance the growth and yield of maize in studied location.
Four-Step One Hybrid Block Methods for Solution of Fourth Derivative Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Dominic Raymond, , Yusuf Skwame, , Lydia Adiku,
Published: April 2021

We consider developing a four-step one offgrid block hybrid method for the solution of fourth derivative Ordinary Differential Equations. Method of interpolation and collocation of power series approximate solution was used as the basis function to generate the continuous hybrid linear multistep method, which was then evaluated at non-interpolating points to give a continuous block method. The discrete block method was recovered when the continuous block was evaluated at all step points. The basic properties of the methods were investigated and said to be converge. The developed four-step method is applied to solve fourth derivative problems of ordinary differential equations from the numerical results obtained; it is observed that the developed method gives better approximation than the existing method compared with.
Interleukin Deficiency Disorder Patient Responses to COVID-19 Infections
Authors: Gillis Bruce S. , Gavin Igor M. , Barkhordar Farnaz , Mohapatra Gayatry , Jin Ming , Behm Frederick G.
Published: April 2021

Background: The chemokine, cytokine interleukin deficiency disorder defines the immune deficiency disease of fibromyalgia and a reduced ability to produce IL-6 and IL-8. Recent research has demonstrated improved outcomes in COVID-19 infections treated with IL-6 antagonists.9 These fibromyalgia cytokine deficient patients were screened for COVID-19 infections and associated morbidity and mortality rates.

Methods: Two cohorts of FM/a test positive fibromyalgia patients were evaluated.  Initially, 4,631 patients were screened to determine the occurrence of known COVID-19 infections. Subsequently, 2,195 FM/a test positive patients underwent COVID-19 antibody testing. 

Results: A total of 7,375 fibromyalgia patients were screened for the occurrence of COVID-19 infections. Of these, 4,631 individuals responded to an email-based inquiry to determine the occurrence of documented COVID-19 infections. Only 10 reported having symptoms consistent with and were diagnosed with COVID-19 by a healthcare professional, making for an incidence of .22%. Another 2,195 fibromyalgia patients completed health questionnaires and COVID-19 antibody testing and 82 had evidence of COVID-19 antibodies with 42 exhibiting symptoms and confirmed diagnoses. Of the remaining, 23 were asymptomatic.  There were no deaths and only 1 hospitalization in this group.

Conclusion: Individuals with FM/a test positive fibromyalgia have a reduced ability to produce IL-6 and IL-8 which play significant roles in the cytokine storm complications associated with COVID-19 infections. When screened for evidence of past COVID-19 infections, these patients experienced an extremely low incidence of COVID-19 infections based upon antibody testing, there were no mortalities and the level of morbidity was significantly below what has been reported in general populations.
Comparative Effects of Rice and Melon Wastes on Sitophillus Zeamais, Storage Pest of Maize Grains in Nigeria
Authors: Olorunmota R. T. , Ofuya T. I. , Idoko J. E. , Ogundeji B. A.
Published: April 2021

World’s calories supply from maize accounts for 20% but global postharvest grain loss caused by insect pests was estimated to be 10%. Control is mostly by synthetic insecticides with consequences such as insect resurgence and resistance and negative effect on non- target organisms. Maize grain losses to weevils are so enormous that effective local solution has to be sought. Thus this research aimed at assessing the effectiveness of powders and ash of rice husk and melon shell in controlling Sitophillus zeamais (Mots) in stored maize. Four treatments, Rice husk powder (RHP), Rice husk ash (RHA), Melon shell powder (MSP) and Melon shell ash (MSA) were applied at eight levels of 0 - 2.0 g 20 g-1 maize grain in three replicates. Five pairs (males and females) of freshly emerged S. zeamais were introduced into each treatment. Mortality test was carried out on the insects at 48 and 96 hours after introduction. Germination test was conducted on  ten randomly selected grains after weevil emergence. Significantly higher (p≤0.05) mortality was recorded in treated seeds than the control. Virtually 100% mortality of S. zeamais was attained in both RHA and MSA treated maize in 96hrs at all application rates. Mean adult emergence in maize treated with both RHA and MSA were zero, with no weight loss like those of grains treated with standard control of P. guinensis. Also maize grain treated with Rice husk ash (RHA) and Melon shell ash (MSA) recorded a mean WPI of zero irrespective of application rates as in P. guinensis. The mean percentage germination of maize grain was significantly higher (p≤0.05) in P. guinensis than those recorded on treatments, while germination of treated maize is higher than the control. Thus rice husk and melon shell are effective alternatives to insecticides against S. zeamais in stored maize.
Toxicological Effects of Antituberculosic Chemotherapy in Adults: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Aguiar Viviane Ferraz Ferreira de , Carvalho Dayara de Nazaré Rosa de , Bendelaque Dandara de Fátima Ribeiro , Neves Lorena Nayara Alves , Sobrinho Celice Ruanda Oliveira , Rocha Paula Sousa da Silva , Costa Rafael Everton Assunção Ribeiro da , Nascimento Cidianna Emanuelly Melo do , Souza Susi dos Santos Barreto de , Dergan Marcela Raissa Asevedo , Brito Mioni Thieli Figueiredo Magalhães , Quaresma Juarez Antônio Simões
Published: April 2021

Objective: To analyze the toxicological effects of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy in adults in national and international literature in the period from 2015 to 2020.

Methodology: It is a qualitative descriptive research, of the type Integrative Literature Review (ILR). In the VHL databases PubMed / Medline, Arca, Web of Science, Microsoft Academic and Cochrane Library. Data analysis was performed with the aid of the IRaMuTeQ software.

Results: 36 articles were found in which the following categories were created: 1) Association of hepatotoxicity and appearance of liver damage; 2) The incidence of adverse events related to antituberculin therapy; 3) Risk factors of regular consumption of antituberculins; 4) Intensive renal treatment for patients with nephrotoxicity.

Conclusion: in our review we identified that the elderly, HIV positive and alcohol users are more likely to have toxicological effects during treatment, which can lead to a possible abandonment of treatment.
Study of RBC Histograms and Its Correlation with Etiopathogenesis and Other Parameters in Various Anemias
Authors: Kannan A. P. Gokula , Govindarajan R. , Thanka J.
Published: April 2021

The pluripotent stem cells which are present in the bone marrow renew by its own and differentiate into mature cells. These stem cells undergo division by the presence of erythropoietin, where the nucleus is extruded out from the cell during the end of differentiation, thereby retaining cytoplasmic RNA to form a reticulocyte. The reticulocyte i s a precursor to red blood cell and on losing the RNA it matures into a Red Blood Cell. The present study aimed to analyze the correlation between the automated histogram patterns along with morphological features of RBC‘s prepared from peripheral smear examination in different types of anemia. viz., MCV, MCH, MCHC & RWD- CV.
Evaluation of Hepato-protective and Nephron-Protective Potential of Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham. Against Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Toxicity in Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Younus Muhammad , Hasan Muhammad Mohtasheemul , Ahmad Khalil , Haq Ihsanul , Ahmad Rizwan , Nasir Bakht , Amin Adnan , Shirazi Jafir Hussain , Hanif Muhammad , Shaheen Ghazala , Ejaz Syeda Abida , Habiba Ume
Published: April 2021

Background: Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham (En) is one of the members of Euphorbiaceae family that is rich in phytochemicals including flavonoids, triterpenes and polyphenolics.

Purpose: To evaluate hepato-nephronprotective potential of Euphorbia nivulia.

Study Design: Sprague Dawley rats were used as animal models in the study.

Methods: En hydro alcoholic extract was standardized and managed in high dose (300 mgkg−1 body weight (BW) and low dose  (150 mgkg−1 BW) to Sprague Dawley rats, administered with CCl4 (1mlkg−1BW). Silymarin (50 mgkg−1 BW) was taken as positive control. The treatments were given thrice a week. Consequently, blood and hepatic homogenates were collected after 4 weeks of treatment. While the situation of kidney was explored through measurement of serum creatinine, serum urea, sodium and albumin levels. Hepatic and renal samples of rats treated with both 150 and 300 mg/kg of the extract were used for tissue pathological study.

Results: En extract revealed dose dependent moderate level of shelter against CCl4 intoxicated hepato-nephrotoxicity as directed from the acquired results. The decrease of the albumin levels by the maximum dose of the extract exceeded similar to that attained with Silymarin, and the protecting effects of the extract against oxidative destruction were evaluated. Examination of serum show significant (p < 0.05) elevation in the level of aspartate transaminase(AST), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), alanine transaminase(ALT), whereas decline were noted for albumin in CCl4 treated rats. Histopathological cuts and damages were seen in hepatic cells and kidney of rats managed by CCl4. But, co-administration of En extract, dose dependently, improved the CCl4-carried hepatic harms in these limits.

Conclusion: These effects propose that the phyto-ingredients of En extract with known polyphenols were able to improve the oxidative stress brought along with CCl4 and may be a useful healing mediator to manage oxidative stress related disorders like hepato-nephro toxicity.
Effect of Non Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Salivary Ph in Periodontal Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Gupta Stuti , Shradha . , Sharma Ejya , Sharma Himani , Srivastava Saransh , Gupta Radhika
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study is to assess the effect of pre and post Non Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Salivary pH in patients suffering with Chronic Periodontits. Patients reporting to the Department of Periodontics, I.T.S Dental College, Hospital & Research Centre, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh are included in the study. It is a randomized clinical trial where patients are randomized into two groups of Generalized Chronic Gingivitis and Generalized Chronic Periodontitis. The study are performed with the Sample size of 30 patients and 2 months Period were included. Unstimulated Saliva is collected at the first visit when patient reports to the OPD for NSPT. Clinical Parameters are recorded and NSPT is performed for the patient. Post 14 days of the treatment, saliva is collected and analysed for pH and clinical parameters are recorded again. pH is determined using a pH meter. Data is collected and statistically interpreted. The statistical testing to be used in this study are Mann Whitney U Test, Chi- square test and Paired t-test. There was statistically significant difference in plaque index, gingival index and oral hygiene index between two groups. There was a definite reduction in pH post SRP but it was statistically non significant due to relatively smaller sample size. Further research is required to substantiate the results for the same.
Evaluation of Lympho-vascular Invasion in Breast Carcinoma Using Lymphatic Endothelial Marker (D2-40)
Authors: Dam Moumita , Ganapathy Hemalatha , Lilly S. Mary
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer has become the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide, overtaking lung cancer. The Present study attempts to investigate the use of D2 -40 for the detection of lympho- vascular invasion in node negative breast cancer. Additionally the lympho-vascular invasion using D2 -40 and its association with distant metastasis and overall prognosis of the patient was also explored.
Effects of ambient air dehumidification, air temperature, and drying duration on rough rice quality and pasting properties using fluidized bed and fixed bed dryers
Authors: Luthra Kaushik , Sadaka Sammy , Atungulu Griffiths
Published: April 2021

Background and objectives

High humidity ambient air is a common phenomenon in the United States ​Mid‐​South region, resulting in a delay in the drying process to avoid rewetting rough rice. Ambient air dehumidification could have the potential to overcome this challenge and result in a continuous drying process. Therefore, the present study explored the effects of ambient air dehumidification, air temperature, and drying duration on rough rice quality and pasting properties in a fluidized bed and fixed bed drying systems.

Findings

A fluidized bed and a fixed bed drying systems were used to study the effects of dehumidification settings (with and without), air temperature (40°C, 45°C, and 50°C), and drying duration (30 min, 45 min, and 60 min) on rice quality and pasting properties in triplicates. Silica gel was used as a desiccant for ambient air dehumidification. The results showed that the range of moisture removal to be 4.5 to 7.1 (%, dry basis) for 1 hr in a fluidized bed rice drying. The maximum water absorbed by air achieved 0.382 and 0.434 kg for fluidized bed and fixed bed dryers, respectively, after 60 min of drying, at 50°C, and with air dehumidification. The peak viscosity of rough rice was lower for all fluidized bed experiments (2,712.8 cP) than the fixed bed drying experiments (2,815.8 cP).

Conclusions

The results showed that head rice yield and rice whiteness did not reduce in fluidized bed drying significantly than the fixed bed drying. Head rice yield was negatively correlated with rice whiteness. Ambient air dehumidification improved moisture removal from rough rice and can be employed during humid conditions. Pasting properties also supported the notion of attaining good quality rice dried in a fluidized bed system compared with a fixed bed drying system. Head rice yield was positively correlated with the peak and trough viscosities signifying the increase in milling yield with the rice water‐absorbing capacity and resistance to cooking textural breakdown.

Significance and novelty

The study proved that utilizing dehumidified air in a fluidized bed drying system could dehydrate rough rice without reducing quality. The system successfully utilized silica gel to dehumidify ambient air, allowing continuous ambient air in‐bin on‐farm drying of rough rice.
Some Thoughts about Following Leith's Orders
Authors: Bolles A. Lynn
Published: April 2021

Anthropologist A. Lynn Bolles shares her experiences of the way in which Leith Mullings shaped her life and the lives of others. Bolles reflects on how Mullings would forcefully and emphatically create pathways and support systems to encourage Bolles and other sister‐scholars to grow and lead within professional spaces she was often surprised to find herself in.
Thermoalkalophilic recombinant esterase entrapment in chitosan/calcium/alginate‐blended beads and its characterization
Authors: Tercan Çisem , Sürmeli Yusuf , Şanlı‐Mohamed Gülşah
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Esterases (EC 3.1.1.1), a class of hydrolases, degrade the ester bonds of lipids into alcohol and carboxylic acids and synthesize carboxylic ester bonds. They are used in a variety of biotechnological, industrial, environmental, and pharmaceutical applications due to their many valuable properties. Particularly, extremophilic esterases with many superior properties are of great interest for various reactions. Immobilization of enzymes may provide some advantages over free enzymes not only to improve the properties of enzymes but also to increase the reusability of biocatalyst in industrial applications. Therefore, many different immobilization applications for enzymes have been reported in various studies. To our knowledge, a thermophilic esterase has not so far been immobilized by entrapment using chitosan/calcium/alginate‐blended beads. Here, we reported the immobilization of thermoalkalophilic recombinant esterase by entrapment using chitosan/calcium/alginate‐blended beads, and then the entrapped esterase was characterized biochemically in details.

RESULTS

In the present study, a thermophilic recombinant esterase was immobilized by entrapment in chitosan/calcium/alginate‐blended beads for the first time. The 0.5 mg mL−1 purified recombinant esterase was entrapped in 1% chitosan, 2% alginate, and 0.7 M CaCl2 blended beads. The results showed that immobilization yield and entrapment efficiency of the entrapped esterase were 69.5% and 80.4%, respectively. SEM micrograph showed that the surface of the beads resembled a mesh and very compact structures. Chitosan/calcium/alginate‐blended beads exhibited an 18.8% swelling ratio and had a moderate porous structure. The entrapment technique highly enhanced the thermostability of the esterase and shifted its optimum temperature from 65 to 80 °C. The immobilized esterase was very stable in a wide range of pH (8.5–11) displaying maximum activity at pH 9. ZnCl2 slightly increased the activity of immobilized esterase whereas several metal ions reduced the enzyme activity. When the enzyme was immobilized in chitosan/calcium/alginate‐blended beads, its Km increased about 2 times and Vmax value decreased almost 1.5 times. Immobilization allowed repeated uses of the esterase having good operational stability in a continuous process.

CONCLUSION

The results revealed that the immobilization of a thermophilic recombinant esterase by entrapment in chitosan/calcium/alginate‐blended beads exhibited considerably better compared to other immobilization processes with various entrapment strategies. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Lignin‐modifying enzymes: a green and environmental responsive technology for organic compound degradation
Authors: da Silva Vilar Débora , Bilal Muhammad , Bharagava Ram Naresh , Kumar Ajay , Kumar Nadda Ashok , Salazar‐Banda Giancarlo R , Eguiluz Katlin Ivon Barrios , Romanholo Ferreira Luiz Fernando
Published: April 2021

The applications of enzymes have reached an increasing prominence in the scenario of biocatalysis, stimulated mainly by advances in biotechnological processes to obtain products of high added value. The justification for this is the relevant growth of industrial activities that promote the production of various organic contaminants. Thus, enzymes offer the potential to improve industrial processes used in the food, pharmaceutical, textile, pulp and paper sectors. Specifically, the lignin‐modifying enzymes (LMEs) produced by white rot fungi are versatile biocatalysts. Due to their high specificity, a higher yield of biotechnological processes can be achieved, allowing one to obtain biodegradable products and reducing the amount of waste generated. Thus, evaluating the ligninolytic capacity of these enzymes can be a practical approach from the point of view of bioremediation to develop sustainable procedures in the treatment of recalcitrant organic compounds. In this context, this review provides an overview of the use of LMEs in industrial applicability, as well as their potential in contaminant degradation. Besides, this approach emerges to elucidate further the mechanisms of action and properties of LMEs, which have been gaining relevance in the context of lignocellulosic biorefinery. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Discrimination of soils managed with different sources of fertilization and plant species in organic and conventional farming through near‐infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics
Authors: Souza Monique , Trapp Talita , Junges Diéssica L , Lima Andria P , Brunetto Gustavo , da Silva Kazama Daniele C , Loss Arcângelo , dos Santos Thiago S , Lourenzi Cledimar R , Comin Jucinei J
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

The combination of near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics can be used to group or discriminate soils based on spectral response. In this study, we conducted discrimination and classification analyses on soils managed with different sources of fertilization and plant species grown in organic and conventional farming systems.

RESULTS

Principal component analysis explained 96% (PC1) and 3% (PC2) of the data variability and separated the soil samples of organic and conventional management systems. The wavenumbers that contributed most to the separation of the management systems were in the range of 3600 and 7300 cm−1, especially the absorption peaks of 3700 and 4600 cm−1(characteristic of CH and NH combinations), and 5200 and 7000 cm−1(typical of OH combinations). Machine learning analysis usingk‐nearest neighbor and random forest algorithms was efficient in classifying soil samples according to management system with an accuracy of 97.8% and can therefore be used for future classification studies.

CONCLUSION

Based on the results, we strongly recommend the use of NIR spectroscopy associated with chemometrics for discriminating soils grown withMalus domestica,Musaspp.,Oryza sativaandSolanum tuberosumL. under organic and conventional management systems through spectral response. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Novel use of Kombucha consortium to reduce Escherichia coli in dairy shed effluent
Authors: Laurenson Seth , Villamizar Laura , Ritchie Willis , Scott Sonya , Mackay Mike
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Faecal contamination from dairy farm effluent is a major risk to water quality in New Zealand. In this experiment we have tested the efficacy of Kombucha SCOBY (symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast), to reduce the concentration of Escherichia coli in dairy shed effluent (DSE).

RESULTS

Kombucha SCOBY was highly effective in lowering the number of E. coli colony forming units (CFUs) to levels that were undetectable. The decrease in CFUs occurred rapidly within 48 h of Kombucha SCOBY being inoculated to the effluent matrix and was accompanied by a corresponding decline in pH.

CONCLUSION

We conclude that Kombucha SCOBY was effective in reducing the abundance of E. coli in DSE due to its effect on solution pH. Further work is required to assess the practicality of treating DSE with Kombucha SCOBY within a farm environment where effluent management and climatic complexities are important. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Polyaryletherketone in energy conversion and storage devices – a highly tailorable material with versatile properties
Authors: Feroze Gooty Saleha Wasim , Nalajala Naresh , Neergat Manoj
Published: April 2021

Polymers have been a highly useful class of material for the last few decades owing to their ease of bulk production and fabrication. With the myriad of applications in day to day life, they have also found an important role in energy conversion and storage devices, not just as a housing material of the device but with an important role in the energy conversion process. Among the several polymers used in this area, polyaryletherketones (PAEKs) are one of the most versatile materials owing to their easy tailorability. The ether and ketone groups can be introduced in the main polymer chain in several ways to achieve the desired material properties. The main role of a polymer in an energy conversion device is that of a barrier to avoid the mixing of reactants and to selectively transport ions from one electrode to the other to maintain charge neutrality. The polymer membrane finds application in various electrochemical energy conversion devices such as fuel cells, lithium ion batteries, redox flow batteries, supercapacitors etc. The main focus of this work is to briefly review the extent of development in the PAEKs in various energy conversion and storage devices. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Introduction of a cold sensitivity‐conferring mutation into the RTA‐Bddsx hybrid system of Bactrocera dorsalis for establishment of a thermally controllable homozygous line
Authors: Dai Shu‐Mei , Huang Chun‐Yen , Chang Cheng
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

For efficient control of the economically important fruit pest Bactrocera dorsalis, a hybrid system combining ricin toxicity and sex‐related alternative splicing of the doublesex gene has been developed. This system exhibits the expected female‐specific lethal effect; however, the transgenic females do not survive, making it difficult to raise stable homozygous lines. Since modification of ricin toxin A chain (RTA) through a single‐residue change (Gly212 > Arg212) leads to cold‐sensitive posttranslational repression of its toxicity, we utilized this unique property to obtain RTA‐Bddsx females that survive at low temperature for line maintenance.

RESULTS

In transient expression experiments using embryonic injection, two groups treated with RTAcs‐derived DNA (LERQcs and RTAcs) exhibited temperature‐dependent effects. The toxicity was higher at 29 °C than at 18 °C. The proportion of males was close to 50% at 18 °C in all the tested groups except LERQcs‐treated flies, which exhibited a high proportion of males (over 70%) at 29 °C. The results indicate the cold‐sensitive responses of RTA and further suggest a female‐specific lethal effect. Subsequently, 14 putative RTAcs‐Bddsx transgenic Ds‐Red+ G1 males were identified, and female‐specific lethal effects were observed in Ds‐Red+ G2 and G3 lines under cultivation at 29 °C but not at 18 °C. The male ratio can be increased to up to 95% in G3 line 001, indicating that RTAcs functions well in B. dorsalis.

CONCLUSION

The improved RTAcs‐Bddsx system with conditional toxicity represents a novel and promising step toward the practical control of B. dorsalis. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.