bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ar+ Ion Irradiation Response of LPBF AlSi10Mg Alloy in As-Built and KOBO-Processed Conditions
Authors: Snopiński Przemysław , Barlak Marek , Nowakowska-Langier Katarzyna
Published: September 2024

In recent years, revolutionary improvements in the properties of certain FCC metals have been achieved by increasing the proportion of twin-related, highly symmetric grain boundaries. Various thermomechanical routes of grain boundary engineering (GBE) processing have been employed to enhance the fraction of low ΣCSL grain boundaries, thereby improving the radiation tolerance of many polycrystalline materials. This improvement is due to symmetric twin boundaries acting as effective sinks for defects caused by radiation, thus enhancing the material’s performance. In this study, the LPBF AlSi10Mg alloy was post-processed via the KOBO extrusion method. Subsequently, the samples were subjected to irradiation with Ar+ ions at an ion fluence of 5 × 1017 cm−2. The microstructures of the samples were thoroughly investigated using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM). The results showed that KOBO processing led to the formation of an ultrafine-grained microstructure with a mean grain size of 0.8 µm. Moreover, it was revealed that the microstructure of the KOBO-processed sample exhibited an increased fraction of low-ΣCSL boundaries. Specifically, the fraction of Σ11 boundaries increased from approximately 2% to 8%. Post-irradiation microstructural analysis revealed improved radiation tolerance in the KOBO-processed sample, indicating a beneficial influence of the increased grain boundary fraction and low-ΣCSL boundary fraction on the irradiation resistance of the AlSi10Mg alloy. This research provides valuable insights for the development of customized microstructures with enhanced radiation tolerance, which has significant implications for the advancement of materials in nuclear and aerospace applications.
Uncertain Time Series Analysis for the Confirmed Case of Brucellosis in China
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Zhang Yaxuan , Lio Waichon , Kang Rui
Published: September 2024

Brucellosis, as an infectious disease that affects both humans and livestock, poses a serious threat to human health and has a severe impact on economic development. Essentially, brucellosis transmission is a kind of study in biological systems, and the epistemic uncertainty existing in the data of confirmed brucellosis cases in China is realized as significant uncertainty that needs to be addressed. Therefore, this paper proposes an uncertain time series model to explore the confirmed brucellosis cases in China. Then, some methods based on uncertain statistics and symmetry of the biological system are applied, including order estimation, parameter estimation, residual analysis, uncertain hypothesis test, and forecast. The proposed model is practically applied to the data of confirmed brucellosis cases in China from January 2017 to December 2020, and the results show that the uncertain model fits the observed data better than the probabilistic model due to the frequency instability inherent in the data of confirmed brucellosis cases. Based on the proposed model and statistical method, this paper develops an approach to rapidly forecast the number of confirmed brucellosis cases in small sample scenarios, which can contribute to epidemic control in real application.
Revisiting the Two-Dimensional Hydrogen Atom: Azimuthal Wavefunctions for Illustrating s, p, d, and f Orbitals
Authors: Sathongpaen Phatlada , Jindanate Suphawich , Amthong Attapon
Published: September 2024

The two-dimensional (2D) hydrogen atom is a fundamental atomic model that is important for various technologies based on 2D materials. Here, the atomic model is revisited to enhance understanding of the hydrogen wavefunctions. Unlike in previous studies, we propose an alternative expression of azimuthal wavefunctions, which are the eigenstates of the square of angular momentum and exhibit rotational symmetry. Remarkably, our expression leads to the rotation and oscillation along the azimuthal direction of the probability densities, which do not appear in the conventional wavefunctions. These behaviors are validated by the numerical results obtained through the 2D finite difference approach. Variation in oscillator strengths due to the rotation of wavefunctions is observed in our proposed 2D hydrogen wavefunctions, whereas those due to the conventional wavefunctions remain constant. More importantly, the proposed wavefunctions’ advantage is illustrating the orbital shapes of the planar hydrogen states, whose orientation is labeled here using Cartesian representation for the first time. This study can be applied to visualize the orbital characteristics of the states in quantum confinement with a radial potential.
Plant Defense Mechanisms against Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contamination: Insights into the Role of Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Barathan Muttiah , Ng Sook Luan , Lokanathan Yogeswaran , Ng Min Hwei , Law Jia Xian
Published: September 2024

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants that pose significant environmental and health risks. These compounds originate from both natural phenomena, such as volcanic activity and wildfires, and anthropogenic sources, including vehicular emissions, industrial processes, and fossil fuel combustion. Their classification as carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic substances link them to various cancers and health disorders. PAHs are categorized into low-molecular-weight (LMW) and high-molecular-weight (HMW) groups, with HMW PAHs exhibiting greater resistance to degradation and a tendency to accumulate in sediments and biological tissues. Soil serves as a primary reservoir for PAHs, particularly in areas of high emissions, creating substantial risks through ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation. Coastal and aquatic ecosystems are especially vulnerable due to concentrated human activities, with PAH persistence disrupting microbial communities, inhibiting plant growth, and altering ecosystem functions, potentially leading to biodiversity loss. In plants, PAH contamination manifests as a form of abiotic stress, inducing oxidative stress, cellular damage, and growth inhibition. Plants respond by activating antioxidant defenses and stress-related pathways. A notable aspect of plant defense mechanisms involves plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs), which are membrane-bound nanoparticles released by plant cells. These PDEVs play a crucial role in enhancing plant resistance to PAHs by facilitating intercellular communication and coordinating defense responses. The interaction between PAHs and PDEVs, while not fully elucidated, suggests a complex interplay of cellular defense mechanisms. PDEVs may contribute to PAH detoxification through pollutant sequestration or by delivering enzymes capable of PAH degradation. Studying PDEVs provides valuable insights into plant stress resilience mechanisms and offers potential new strategies for mitigating PAH-induced stress in plants and ecosystems.
4D Embedded Rotating Black Hole as a Particle Accelerator in the Presence of Magnetic Fields
Authors: Capistrano Abraão J. S. , Coimbra-Araújo Carlos Henrique , dos Anjos Rita de Cássia
Published: September 2024

We analyze a rotating black hole (BH) in a four-dimensional space-time embedded in five-dimensional flat bulk. In Boyer–Lindquist coordinates, we use a generic extension of the Kerr metric by the line element of Gürses–Gürsey metric. We discuss their horizon properties and shadow cast which is tailored by the influence of the extrinsic curvature. By means of the model based on the Nash–Greene theorem, we analyze the Gürses–Gürsey metric embedded in five dimensions acting as a rotating “charged” BH which may be regarded as a source of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). We also show that this type of BH presents a different structure of the accretion disk which is modified by the extrinsic curvature leading to an enlargement of the photons ring and an increase in the BH’s inner shadow. In the presence of a magnetic field, our initial results suggest that such BHs may be efficient free-test particle accelerators orbiting the inner stable circular orbit (ISCO).
Non-Canonical Dark Energy Parameter Evolution in a Canonical Quintessence Cosmology
Authors: Thompson Rodger I.
Published: September 2024

This study considers the specific case of a flat, minimally coupled to gravity, quintessence cosmology with a dark energy quartic polynomial potential that has the same mathematical form as the Higgs potential. Previous work on this case determined that the scalar field is given by a simple expression of the Lambert W function in terms of the easily observable scale factor. This expression provides analytic equations for the evolution of cosmological dark energy parameters as a function of the scale factor for all points on the Lambert W function principal branch. The Lambert W function is zero at a scale factor of zero that marks the big bang. The evolutionary equations beyond the big bang describe a canonical universe that is similar to ΛCDM, making it an excellent dynamical template to compare with observational data. The portion of the W function principal before the big bang extends to the infinite pre-bang past. It describes a noncanonical universe with an initially very low mass density that contracts by rolling down the dark energy potential to a singularity, big bang, at the scale factor zero point. This provides a natural origin for the big bang. It also raises the possibility that the universe existed before the big bang and is far older, and that it was once far larger than its current size. The recent increasing interest in the possibility of a dynamical universe instead of ΛCDM makes the exploration of the nature of such universes particularly relevant.
Genomic Diversity and Evolutionary Insights of Avian Paramyxovirus-1 in Avian Populations in Pakistan
Authors: Shabbir Muhammad Zubair , Mahmood Sahar , Ul-Rahman Aziz , Banyard Ashley C. , Ross Craig S.
Published: September 2024

The virulent form of Avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1), commonly known as Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), is a pathogen with global implications for avian health, affecting both wild and domestic bird populations. In Pakistan, recurrent Newcastle Disease (caused by NDV) outbreaks have posed significant challenges to the poultry industry. Extensive surveillance in Pakistan over 20 years has demonstrated a dynamic genetic diversity among circulating APMV-1 strains, emphasizing the potential necessity for customized vaccination strategies and continuous surveillance. In this study, 13 APMV-1-positive isolates harboring four different APMV-1 genotypes circulating throughout Pakistan were identified. These included the highly virulent genotypes VII and XIII, genotype XXI, commonly associated with Columbiformes, and genotype II, hypothesized to have been detected following vaccination. These findings underscore the intricate interplay of mutational events and host-immune interactions shaping the evolving NDV landscape. This study advances our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of APMV-1 in Pakistan, highlighting the need for tailored vaccination strategies and continuous surveillance to enable effective APMV-1 management in avian populations, further emphasizing the importance of globally coordinated strategies to tackle APMV-1, given its profound impact on wild and domestic birds.
Establishment of a Real-Time Fluorescence Isothermal Recombinase-Aided Amplification Method for the Detection of H9 Avian Influenza Virus
Authors: Zhang Yuxin , Zhang Cheng , Li Jiaqi , Yang Yejin , Chen Ligong , Wang Heng , Yang Zitong , Zhang Mingda , Cui Huan , Dong Shishan
Published: September 2024

The H9 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) has been characterized by its rapid spread, wide range of prevalence, and continuous evolution in recent years, leading to an increasing ability for cross-species transmission. This not only severely impacts the economic benefits of the aquaculture industry, but also poses a significant threat to human health. Therefore, developing a rapid and sensitive detection method is crucial for the timely diagnosis and prevention of H9 AIVs. In this study, a real-time fluorescent reverse transcription recombinase-aided isothermal amplification (RT–RAA) technique targeting the hemagglutinin (HA) of H9 AIVs was established. This technique can be used for detection in just 30 min at a constant temperature of 42 °C, and it exhibits good specificity without cross-reactivity with other viruses. Sensitivity tests revealed that the detection limit of RT–RAA was 163 copies per reaction, and the visual detection limit was 1759 copies per reaction at a 95% confidence interval, both of which are capable of detecting low concentrations of standards. Furthermore, RT–RAA was applied to detect 155 clinical samples, and compared to real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT–qPCR), RT–RAA demonstrated high accuracy, with a specificity of 100% and a kappa value of 0.96, indicating good correlation. Additionally, with the assistance of a portable blue imaging device, we can visually observe the amplification products, greatly facilitating rapid detection in resource-limited environments. The RT–RAA detection method developed in this study does not require expensive equipment or highly skilled staff, making it beneficial for the accurate and low-cost detection of H9 AIVs.
Harmful Algal Blooms in Eutrophic Marine Environments: Causes, Monitoring, and Treatment
Authors: Lan Jiaxin , Liu Pengfei , Hu Xi , Zhu Shanshan
Published: September 2024

Marine eutrophication, primarily driven by nutrient over input from agricultural runoff, wastewater discharge, and atmospheric deposition, leads to harmful algal blooms (HABs) that pose a severe threat to marine ecosystems. This review explores the causes, monitoring methods, and control strategies for eutrophication in marine environments. Monitoring techniques include remote sensing, automated in situ sensors, modeling, forecasting, and metagenomics. Remote sensing provides large-scale temporal and spatial data, while automated sensors offer real-time, high-resolution monitoring. Modeling and forecasting use historical data and environmental variables to predict blooms, and metagenomics provides insights into microbial community dynamics. Control treatments encompass physical, chemical, and biological treatments, as well as advanced technologies like nanotechnology, electrocoagulation, and ultrasonic treatment. Physical treatments, such as aeration and mixing, are effective but costly and energy-intensive. Chemical treatments, including phosphorus precipitation, quickly reduce nutrient levels but may have ecological side effects. Biological treatments, like biomanipulation and bioaugmentation, are sustainable but require careful management of ecological interactions. Advanced technologies offer innovative solutions with varying costs and sustainability profiles. Comparing these methods highlights the trade-offs between efficacy, cost, and environmental impact, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches tailored to specific conditions. This review underscores the importance of combining monitoring and control strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of eutrophication on marine ecosystems.
LEKSIKON ARKAIS SISTEM ORGANISASI SOSIAL MASYARAKAT DESA CENGAL KECAMATAN JAPARA KABUPATEN KUNINGAN (TELAAH ETNOLINGUISTIK)
Authors: - Andriyana
Published: September 2024

This research examines the lexicon in the social organization system of the Cengal Village community, Japara Subdistrict, Kuningan Regency, which produces definitions and explanations of lexicons that have lexical meanings and those that do not have them The lexicons found are Kuwu, Juru Tulis, Ngabihi, Ketib, Raksa Bumi, Lulugu, Kemit, Ngalambang, Cap Gawe, Babau, Kaum, Paraji, Kuncen. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, with interviews and documentation supporting the search for meaning in each word.
PERAN ADMINISTRASI NEGARA DALAM PRESPEKTIF HUKUM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Indah Oksilia Yulita , Pieris John , Widiarty Wiwik S.
Published: September 2024

This thesis examines the role of state administration from a legal perspective in Indonesia, focusing on its dynamics, challenges, and practical implications. Through a comprehensive review of literature and data collection using methods such as legal document analysis, case studies, interviews, and surveys, this thesis explores the relationship between state administration and law within the framework of a legal state. The analysis highlights the complexity of the state administration's role in carrying out its duties by legal principles, including protecting human rights, enforcing justice, and sustainability of good governance. Furthermore, this thesis identifies the central challenges state administration faces and formulates policy recommendations to enhance its role in ensuring compliance with the law in Indonesia.
Influence of the fusion state of particles during slat formation on an oxidized substrate
Authors: Hadjeri Amel , Zirari Mounir , Tahar Souad , Rebhi Redha , Kezrane Mouhamed , Boukraa Moustafa
Published: September 2024

Achieving a good coating through thermal spray process involves understanding the mechanisms connected to the slat formation. The main objective of this paper is to analyze how the substrate is affected by the thickness of the oxide layer. The next thing to think about is how melting aluminum particles will react with an oxidized substrate.  To this end, the fluid structure interaction technique (IFS), the finite element method and the volume of fluid method (VOF) are used to simulate the deposition of particles (molten or semi-molten) onto the part to be covered. The findings reveal that the percentage of the fusion state present in the particle acts directly on the morphology of the splat.
Práticas educativas e transformação social: o caso do Projeto CAL no município do Pinhão – PR
Authors: Malko Karolayne Padilha , Dantas Jhonatan dos Santos , Belém Dan Júnior Alves Nolasco , Beraldo Laysa Ogliari
Published: September 2024

A educação é um pilar transformador da realidade social, contribuindo para formação e reflexão crítica do sujeito, exercício da cidadania e oportunidades de emprego. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o exemplo do Projeto CAL, que auxiliou na formação técnica-profissional de populações em vulnerabilidade social no município do Pinhão no Centro Sul do Estado do Paraná, buscando a melhoria das condições residenciais dos sujeitos participantes, além de gerar aprendizagens específicas para o ingresso no mercado de trabalho. A proposta metodológica considerou a realidade social dos participantes para favorecer a construção do curso e o envolvimento dos atores sociais no processo, elencando um conjunto de módulos para construção de aprendizagens práticas envolvendo técnicas de construção civil, sustentabilidade, informática básica e direitos sociais. A formação técnica de 13 participantes demonstrou o êxito deste projeto piloto, cuja realidade social foi a melhoria das condições residenciais e aprendizagens profissionais fundamentais para o público participante, especialmente as mulheres, foco do projeto.
أثر إستراتيجية التنويع في القيمة السوقية للشركات الخدمية المساهمة العامة الأردنية
Authors: الشعار إسحق محمود
Published: September 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى تحليل أثر إستراتيجية التنويع في القيمة السوقية، بالإضافة إلى توضيح دور الرفع المالي في تعديل أثر إستراتيجية التنويع في القيمة السوقية للشركات الخدمية المساهمة العامة الأردنية. تكون مجتمع الدراسة من الشركات الخدمية المدرجة في بورصة عمان، التي يتوافر لها تقارير مالية للسنوات (2015-2001)، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (20) شركة خدمية، من مجتمع الدراسة البالغ (49) شركة خدمية، بعدد (300) مشاهدة. لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم استخدام مدخل بيانات السلاسل الزمنية المقطعية (Panel Data Approach). ولمعالجة أثر إستراتيجية التنويع في القيمة السوقية، استخدمت الدراسة طريقة المربعات الصغرى ذات المرحلتين (2SLS). توصلت الدراسة إلى وجود أثر إيجابي لإستراتيجية التنويع في القيمة السوقية، في حين دلت نتائج الدراسة على عدم اختلاف أثر استراتيجية التنويع في القيمة السوقية تبعا لاختلاف مستوى الرفع المالي.
أثر تبني النظام المحاسبي المالي (SCF) في إدارة الأرباح المحاسبية: حالة بعض الشركات الجزائرية
Authors: بلال كيموش
Published: September 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى فحص مدى تأثير تبني النظام المحاسبي المالي في مستوى إدارة الأرباح المحاسبية في الشركات الجزائرية، بالاعتماد على 14 شركة بين 2003 و2015؛ حيث تم قياس مستوى إدارة الأرباح بالاعتماد على نموذج يستند إلى نموذج (Dechow et al.,1995). وقد أشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن تبني النظام المحاسبي المالي من طرف الشركات الجزائرية نتج عنه انخفاض في مستوى إدارة الأرباح المحاسبية، مقارنة بالمخطط المحاسبي الوطني، تجلى في وجود انخفاض معنوي في مستوى المستحقات الاختيارية، ووجود أثر سالب ومعنوي لتبني النظام المحاسبي المالي في مستوى المستحقات الاختيارية.
The Productivity Spectrum: An Individual-Level Examination of Servers’ Reactions to Workload and Overwork
Authors: Ashkanani Ahmad M.
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study explores the diverse reactions of human servers to variations in workload and overwork, focusing on how these stressors influence service time in a call center setting.Study design/methodology/approach: OLS regressions with fixed effects and clustered standard errors were used to analyze the impact of workload and overwork on service time at both aggregate and individual levels.Sample and data:  This research utilizes archival data from a call center at a large Kuwaiti private hospital, covering 58,460 calls handled by 23 agents during October 2016.Results:   At the aggregate level, workload has a negative effect on service time, indicating a general speedup response, while overwork shows no significant effect. At the individual level, responses vary significantly among agents, with some agents speeding up, others slowing down, and some demonstrating non-linear responses to workload. Overwork responses also vary, with some agents slowing down, others speeding up, and some showing flat responses.Originality/value:  This study contributes to the behavioral queuing literature by emphasizing the importance of individual-level analysis in understanding server responses to workload and overwork. The findings reveal that aggregate analyses can mask significant variations in individual behaviors, crucial for optimizing call center performance. By exposing the spectrum of individual reactions, the study provides deeper theoretical and practical insights into the complex dynamics of service time under different work stressors.Research limitations/implications:  The findings provide insights for optimizing call center performance, but further research is needed to validate and generalize these findings across different settings and call center environments.
Identification and Molecular Characterization of a Serine Protease Inhibitor Gene in the Khapra Beetle Trogoderma granarium
Authors: Dağeri Aslı
Published: September 2024

Insect serine protease inhibitors (ISPIs) are essential for regulating various protease-mediated activities and play crucial roles in metabolism, metamorphosis, reproduction, and immunity. As a member of the ISPIs, serpins are recognized as the most essential protease inhibitor family in higher eukaryotes, encompassing a diverse array of biological functions. They are involved in the Toll pathway, the prophenoloxidase cascade, development, immunity, and reproduction in all insects. In this study, a serpin from the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestideae) was identified and characterized using both transcriptomic and bioinformatics methodologies. The BGISEQ-500 platform was used to construct a cDNA library from T. granarium, which led to the identification and characterization of a novel Serine Protease Inhibitor gene (TgSPI). Sequence analysis confirmed TgSPI's classification within the serine protease inhibitor (SPI) superfamily. It has conserved features, including a Reactive Center Loop (RCL) close to the C-terminal end, which is essential for protease inhibition. Phylogenetic analysis and 3D structure modeling of TgSPI were performed using MEGA6 software and the Phyre2 Protein Fold Recognition Server, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis positioned TgSPI within a cluster of coleopteran insect SPIs (ISPIs), supporting its evolutionary lineage. Predicted tertiary structure modeling of TgSPI revealed similarity to conserpin in the latent state. This study provides foundational information on the evolutionary patterns and structural-functional aspects of TgSPI in the khapra beetle and highlights probable role of TgSPI as a promising target for further genetic and functional studies aimed at sustainable pest control strategies.
Pengaruh dimensi Patient Experience terhadap kepuasan pasien di RS Haji Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Niartiningsih Andi , Nurfitriani Nurfitriani
Published: September 2024

Latar Belakang: Kepuasan konsumen adalah respon konsumen terhadap evaluasi ketidaksesuaian yang dirasakan antara ekspektasi sebelumnya dan kinerja aktual dari produk atau jasa setelah konsumsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dimensi patient experience terhadap kepuasan pasien di RS Haji Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan studi observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional study. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Instalasi Rawat Inap RS Haji Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien di Instalasi Rawat Inap tahun 2023 yaitu 5.971 orang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan stratified random sampling dengan jenis proportional random sampling sebanyak 361 responden. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam pengambilan data primer berupa kuesioner. Analisi data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat (chi square).Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dimensi patient experience yang terdiri dari pendaftaran, lingkungan, perawatan, prosedur tindakan, pegawai dan ketika meninggalkan RS berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pasien dengan nilai P sebesar (0,000).Kesimpulan: Dimensi patient experience berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pasien yang berarti bahwa harapan pasien juga akan terpenuhi ketika tercipta pengalaman yang baik yang akan berdampak pada pembentukan perilaku loyal melalui perasaan puas yang dirasakan oleh pasien.
An Investigation of ‘Restrictive Practices’ within Services for Adults with an Intellectual Disability: Perspectives of Professionals and those involved with their care.
Authors:   ,   Munster Technological University, Donovan Rebecca
Published: September 2024

Restrictive practices “are an infringement of a person’s fundamental rights to personal liberty and bodily integrity” (Health Information and Quality Authority, 2019, p.1). The most recent study in Ireland, found 23% of the 627 inspection reports by HIQA, human-right were violated by the use of restrictive practices (Murphy and Bantry- White, 2021). It is recognised that the core function of restrictive practices is to stop, or prevent, an individual from doing something they wish to do, in such a way that manages challenging behaviour outbursts, and provides safety for both staff and service users (Nankervis and Chan, 2021). The uncertain nature surrounding the definition of the term restrictive practices was evident in current literature, and gaps identified from previous literature provided the rationale for this research, such as the justification for the use of restrictive practices. This study seeks to investigate the use and implementation of restrictive practices and associated terminology within services for adults with an intellectual disability from the perspectives of professionals and considers how intellectual disability services may charter a least restrictive environment. This research study is representative of organisations in Ireland who cater for people with intellectual disabilities. This research uses a qualitative methodology to gather perspectives of professionals regarding restrictive practices in services for adults with an intellectual disability. Interviews were conducted with health and social care professionals employed in services for adults with an intellectual disability. The findings suggest that restrictive practices are necessary within intellectual disability services for adults, regardless of the negative connotations associated with their use, for the primary purpose of ensuring the physical safety of staff and service users. A stark finding of this research revealed current training does not reflect the needs of staff managing challenging behaviours, as staff often choose to use their own initiative rather than trainings provided when implementing restrictive practices. Furthermore, the findings revealed that staff shortages and insufficient training, often lead to an increased use of restrictive practices. Arising from current research, some practical recommendations are highlighted such as: effective evaluation of trainings regarding restrictive practices and challenging behaviours and, further suggest a policy be implemented by HIQA, regarding the ratio of service user to staff.
Mos Compatible Deposited Materials For Optical Interconnects
Authors:   ,   Munster Technological University, Iadanza Simone
Published: September 2024

This research addresses the historical and current influences on quality practice and provision by reviewing national and international literature debating quality in the Irish Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) scheme (DCEDIY, 2021a). To understand quality components the regulations and policy frameworks that inform and guide the ECCE scheme (DCEDIY, 2021a), including ECCE practice and the implications for provision standards, are explored. Four research questions ask: (1) What constitutes quality provision for children attending the ECCE scheme (DCEDIY, 2021a)? (2) What has informed ECCE regulation and policy in Ireland? (3) What are the identified challenges associated with the ECCE scheme (DCEDIY, 2021a)? (4) What recommendations can enhance the ECCE scheme (DCEDIY, 2021a) for children, families, and practitioners? The bio-ecological systems theory (Bronfenbrenner and Morris, 2007), which considers the child as a construct of their immediate surroundings and the more prominent beliefs of the society in which they reside, underpinned this study. A qualitative research approach involved semi-structured interviews with practitioners (n=10) and stakeholders (n=6) (employed in leadership positions in support/mentoring/advocacy roles). Findings depict six interconnected components that indicate quality practice (i.e., Initial Practitioner Education (IPE), leadership, regulation and evaluation, professional recognition and development, an emergent curriculum, and consultation). The challenges for providing quality ECCE include a lack of investment and professional recognition, inconsistency and irregularity of inspection, and disruption to children’s interactions and communication between practitioners and policymakers. Three qualification levels, Level 6/7/8 permitted as ECCE room leader with additional responsibility for the manager without any management training challenges compliance and services alignment. To enhance quality practice and provision, this study recommends mandating a professional graduate workforce supported with management training involving distributed pedagogical leadership. Integrate one quality framework utilising an emergent curriculum. Introduce standardised professional salary scales. A single inspectorate should monitor and evaluate quality ECCE provision.
БОРБОР АЗИЯ МАМЛЕКЕТТЕРИНИН КЫЗЫКЧЫЛЫКТАРЫНЫН НЕГИЗГИ АРТЫКЧЫЛЫКТАРЫ
Authors: Базарбаев К.Б.
Published: September 2024

В области институционального развития стран Центральной Азии наметились перспективы укрепления взаимодействия для решения различных общих проблем и задач. Экономические и социальные инициативы ориентированы на устойчивое развитие региона, включая стимулирование торгово-экономического сотрудничества и инфраструктурные проекты. Продвижение экологически устойчивых инициатив призвано минимизировать негативное влияние человеческой деятельности на окружающую среду. Обмен опытом и технологиями в этой сфере становятся ключевым аспектом сотрудничества. Также выявлены наиболее перспективные области партнерства государственных и общественных органов, включая укрепление культурных связей, образование, науку и здравоохранение. Усиление уровня доверия и сотрудничества между странами Центральной Азии создает благоприятные условия для устойчивого развития региона и улучшения качества жизни его населения.

Борбордук Азия өлкөлөрүнүн институционалдык өнүгүү чөйрөсүндө ар кандай жалпы көйгөйлөрдү жана милдеттерди чечүү үчүн өз ара аракеттенүүнү күчөтүү перспективалары белгиленди. Экономикалык жана социалдык демилгелер аймакты туруктуу өнүктүрүүгө, анын ичинде соода-экономикалык кызматташтыкты жана инфраструктуралык долбоорлорду стимулдаштырууга багытталган. Экологиялык туруктуу демилгелерди көтөрүү адам баласынын кыймыл-аракеттеринин айлана-чөйрөгө терс таасирин азайтуу максатында иштелип чыккан. Бул негизде тажрыйба жана технологиялар менен алмашуу кызматташтыктын негизги аспектисине айланууда. Ошондой эле маданий байланыштарды чыңдоо, билим берүү, илим жана саламаттыкты сактоо сыяктуу багыттарды камтыган мамлекеттик жана коомдук органдардын келечектеги өнөктөштүгүнүн багыттары аныкталды. Борбордук Азия өлкөлөрүнүн ортосундагы ишенимдин жана кызматташтыктын деңгээлин чыңдоо, аймакты туруктуу өнүктүрүү жана анын калкынын жашоо сапатын жакшыртуу үчүн жагымдуу шарттарды түзөт.

In the field of institutional development of the countries of Central Asia, there are prospects for strengthening interaction to solve various common problems and tasks. Economic and social initiatives are focused on the sustainable development of the region, including stimulating trade and economic cooperation and infrastructure projects. The promotion of environmentally sustainable initiatives is designed to minimize the negative impact of human activities on the environment. Exchange of experience and technologies in this area is becoming a key aspect of cooperation. The most promising areas of partnership between government and public bodies have also been identified, including strengthening cultural ties, education, science and healthcare. Strengthening the level of trust and cooperation between the countries of Central Asia creates favorable conditions for the sustainable development of the region and improving the quality of life of its population.
Non-catalytic Meerwein-Ponndorf- Verley - Oppenauer Type Reaction of Monoterpenoids in Supercritical Fluids
Authors: Филиппов А.А. , Чибиряев А.М.
Published: September 2024

На примере циклических монотерпеновых кетонов и спиртов (ментон, камфора, ментол и борнеол) изучена не каталитическая реакция Меервейна-Понндорфа - Верлея-Оппенауэра в сверхкритических условиях. Показано, что в сверхкритическом изопропаноле кетоны могут быть восстановлены с высокой селективностью (89-98 %) без использования какого-либо катализатора или основания. При этом конверсия ментона составила 63 % при 350 °С, а камфоры - 11 % при 300 °С за 5 ч реакции. Конверсия в обратной реакции «дегидрирования» ментола и борнеола в СК-ацетоне достигает 34% и 22%, соответственно, при селективности 95 % и 88 %. Основной побочной реакцией во всех случаях является термическая дегидратация.

Catalyst-free Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley-Oppenauer reaction was studied for cyclic monoterpenic ketones and alcohols (menthone, camphor, menthol and borneol) under supercritical conditions. It is shown that ketones can be reducedin supercritical isopropanol with high selectivity (89-98 %) under catalyst- and base-free conditions. Conversion of menthone and camphor achieves 63 % (at 350 °C) and 11 % (at 300 °C), correspondingly, for 5 hours. In reversed «dehydrogenation» of menthol and borneol in sc-acetone, conversion reaches 34 % and 22 %, respectively, while selectivity is 95 % and 88 %. In all cases the main side reaction was the thermal dehydrationof alcohols.
Cyclization of o-phenylenediamine and o-substituted Anilines with Carbon Dioxide in Supercritical State
Authors: Панов Ю.М. , Эрхова Л.В. , Балыбин А.Г. , Крутько Д.П. , Леменовский Д.А.
Published: September 2024

Показано, что 2-этилгексаноат олова(П) и оксид олова(П) являются эффективными катализаторами реакции циклизации модельных ариламинов o-NH(CH)XH (X = NH, O, S, CHNH) в сверхкритическом диоксиде углерода с образованием бензо-1,3-азол-2-онов и 3,4-дигидрохиназолин-2-она. Оптимизированы условия проведения этих реакций. Предложены возможные механизмы их протекания в зависимости от применяемого катализатора.

It was demonstrated that tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate and tin(II) oxide are effective catalysts for the reaction of cyclization of model arylamines o-NH(CH)XH (X = NH, O, S, CHNH) in supercritical carbon dioxide with the formation of benzo-1,3-azol-2-ones and 3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-one. Optimal conditions for these reactions were found. Possible mechanisms for these processes are proposed depending on the used catalyst.
Formation of the Phase Composition of Crystalline Silica in the Processing of Amorphous Precursors in Super-and Subcritical Aqueous Media
Authors: Синев М.Ю. , Ивакин Ю.Д. , Шашкин Д.П. , Фаттахова З.Т. , Пономарева Е.А. , Гордиенко Ю.А. , Бычков В.Ю.
Published: September 2024

Исследованы закономерности формирования фазового состава кристаллического кремнезема при обработке аморфных предшественников в среде водных флюидов ниже и выше критической точки воды с целью получения носителя катализатора окислительной конденсации метана (ОКМ) оптимального состава. Для разных предшественников фазообразование протекает, по-видимому, через промежуточное образование одних и тех же аморфных объемно гидратированных структур; скорость этого процесса сильно зависит от условий обработки (температура, время, фазовое состояние водного флюида). Дальнейшее образование кристаллических фаз резко ускоряется примесями ионов щелочных металлов. Оптимизация процедуры обработки в водном флюиде и последующей термообработки позволила получить катализатор ОКМ, существенно превышающий по эффективности получаемый по стандартной процедуре на основе аморфного носителя. Сделан вывод о том, что каталитические свойства целиком определяются химическими и фазовыми превращениями, протекающими в активном компоненте (NaWO-MnO) на поверхности носителя, и не зависят от допирования носителя ионами, входящими в состав активного компонента.

The regularities of the formation of the phase composition of crystalline silica during the processing of amorphous precursors in the aqueous fluid media below and above the critical point of water aimed at the formation of optimal support for the methane oxidative coupling (OCM) catalyst are studied. It is shown that the phase composition of SiO and the rate of phase formation strongly depend on the processing conditions (temperature, time, phase state of the aqueous fluid) and the presence of microimpurities in the initial amorphous material. Nevertheless, for different precursors, the phase formation occurs, apparently, through the formation of the same bulk-hydrated structures. Optimization of the processing in the aqueous fluid and subsequent heat treatment made it possible to obtain an OCM catalyst that is significantly more efficient than the one obtained by the conventional procedure using an amorphous support. It was concluded that the catalytic properties are entirely determined by chemical and phase transformations occurring in the active component (NaWO-MnO) on the surface of the support, and do not depend on the doping of the latter.
Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on the Efficiency of Solvent Deasphalting Using Subcritical Pentane
Authors: Магомедов Р.Н. , Припахайло А.В. , Марютина Т.А.
Published: September 2024

Изучено влияние наночастиц оксида железа на эффективность удаления асфальтенов в процессе пентановой деасфальтизации остатка атмосферной перегонки тяжелой нефти, проводимой в субкритической для растворителя области. Установлено, что наночастицы, формируемые in situ из раствора прекурсора, несмотря на некоторое снижение выхода деасфальтизата (ДА), обеспечивают значительное увеличение эффективности удаления асфальтенов, металлов и коксового остатка по сравнению с частицами, вводимыми в сырье в виде порошка.

The effect of the addition of iron oxide nanoparticles on the efficiency of asphaltenes removal during subcritical pentane deasphalting of the atmospheric residue from heavy oil has been studied. It was found that nanoparticles formed in situ from a precursor solution, despite a slight decrease in the deasphalted oil (DAO) yield, provide a significant decrease in the asphaltene content in DAO as well as increasing metal and coke residue efficiency compared to particles introduced into the oil residue in the form of a powder.
Features of Quasi-Isothermal Foaming of the SCF-Plasticized Polylactide: the Effect of Transition from the Foam Expansion to Collapse
Authors: Зимняков Д. А. , Епифанов Е.О. , Калачева А.В. , Минаев Н.В. , Минаева С.А. , Попов В.К. , Самородина Т. В. , Славнецков И. О. , Ушакова Е. В. , Ушакова О. В.
Published: September 2024

Представлены результаты экспериментального и теоретического исследования поведения пены аморфного В,Ь-полилактида, предварительно пластифицированного суб- или сверхкритическим диоксидом углерода (СК-С0) при постоянной температуре (313,3 K) и различных давлениях (4-20 МПа), с последующим квази-изотермическим вспениванием при малых (0,005-0,05 МПа/с) скоростях сброса давления С0. Установлено, что в случае пластификации полилактида в сверхкритической области (при Р выше 8 МПа) в ходе сброса давления имеет место переход от режима расширения полилактидной пены к ее коллапсу. С использованием уравнения состояния для термодинамически равновесной пены, впервые предложенного С. Россом, получен критерий такого перехода. Показано, что этот эффект обусловлен существенным увеличением коэффициента поверхностного натяжения полимера в процессе медленного уменьшения Р.

The results of experimental and theoretical studies of the behavior of the amorphous D,L-polylacide fo am are presented. D,L-polylacide was preliminary plasticized using sub- or supercritical carbon dioxide under the constant temperature (313,3 K) and various pressures from 4 MPa to 20 MPa; after plasticization, it was foamed using the quasi-isothermal depressurization under the low depressurization rates (from 0,005 to 0,05 MPa/s). It was established that, in the case of polylactide plasticization in the supercritical domain (with the pressures of carbon dioxide above 8 MPa), the transition from the expansion of the polylactide foam to collapse occurs in the course of depressurization. Using the equation of state for a thermodynamically equilibrium foam, which was pioneered by S. Ross, the criterion of the expansion-to-collapse transition was established. It was shown that this phenomenonis caused by asignificant increase in the surface tension of polymer during a slow decrease in the pressure of carbon dioxide.
Effect of Mechanical Pressure on Zinc Oxide Recrystallization in Aqueous Medium during Cold Sintering
Authors: Ивакин Ю.Д. , Смирнов А.В. , Кормилицин М.Н. , Холодкова А.А. , Васин А. А. , Корнюшин М.В. , Тарасовский В. П. , Рыбальченко В.В.
Published: September 2024

Методом анализа изображений, полученных с использованием сканирующего электронного микроскопа, исследовано влияние механического давления на изменение распределения кристаллов по размерам при обработке оксида цинка в водной среде в присутствии активирующей добавки ацетата цинка или хлорида аммония. Сравниваются результаты обработки ZnO при температурах 220-296 °С в процессах холодного спекания (ХС) керамики и в аналогичных условиях без приложения механического давления в автоклаве. Сделан вывод, что добавки в реакционную среду влияют на скорость обмена молекулами воды между водной средой и водой, связанной в структуре ZnO, активируют твердофазную подвижность и перераспределение массы между кристаллами. Механическое давление усиливает эффект активации твердофазной подвижности и приводит к увеличению вероятности коалесценции кристаллов и росту размера зерна керамики при холодном спекании. При термопаровой обработке без приложения механического давления преобладает поверхностное растекание. Предложен механизм влияния водной среды на перенос массы и изменение дисперсного состава при рекристаллизации порошка ZnO с образованием новых мелкодисперсных кристаллов, отличающихся по свойствам от кристаллов исходного порошка.

An effect of mechanical pressure on the crystal size distribution during the treatment of zinc oxide in an aqueous medium in the presence of zinc acetate or ammonium chloride as activating additives was studied by analyzing scanning electron microscopy images. The results of ZnO cold sintering at 220-296 °C and its thermovaporous treatment (TVT) without applying mechanical pressure in an autoclave under similar conditions were compared. It was concluded that due to the presence of the additives in an aqueous medium, the hydration of the structure increased and the solid-phase mobility was activated, leading to the redistribution of the mass of crystals. Mechanical pressure during the cold sintering enhanced the effect of solid-phase mobility activation and led to the predominance of crystal coalescence in mass transfer. During the TVT with no mechanical pressure applied, surface spreading as the mass transfer mechanism prevailed. A scheme illustrating the effect of the aqueous medium on the mass transfer during the recrystallization of ZnO was proposed.
Mixing of Thermodynamically Incompatible High Density Polyethylene and Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber During the Dispersion by the SEDS Method
Authors: Хабриев И.Ш. , Хайрутдинов В.Ф. , Гумеров Ф.М. , Хузаханов Р.М. , Гарипов Р.М. , Сабирова Л.Ю. , Абдулагатов И.М.
Published: September 2024

В работе представлены результаты совместного диспергирования смеси полиэтилена низкого давления (ПЭНД) и синтетического каучука этилен-пропиленово-го тройного (СКЭПТ) в диапазоне давлений 8.0-25 МПа при температуре 313 и 333 K с использованием метода SEDS (Solution Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical Fluids). Установлено влияние термодинамических параметров на морфологию полученных частиц. Проведены термогравиметрические исследования и сравнительный анализ полимеров, полученных смешением в расплаве и с использованием метода SEDS.

The paper presents the results of joint dispersion of a mixture of low-pressure polyethylene (HDPE) and synthetic ethylene-propylene ternary rubber (EPDM) in the pressure range of 8.0-25 MPa at temperatures of 313 and 333 K using the SEDS method (Solution Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical Fluids). The influence of thermodynamic parameters on the morphology of the obtained particles is established. Thermogravimetric studies and comparative analysis of polymers obtained by mixing in a melt and using the SEDS method were carried out.