bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MOCVD growth of ZrN thin films on GaN/Si templates and the effect of substrate temperature on growth mode, stress state, and electrical properties
Authors: Chen Qingqing , Yang Shaoyan , Li Chengming , Yao Weizhen , Liu Xianglin , Niu Huidan , Yang Rui , Li Huijie , Wei Hongyuan , Wang Lianshan , Wang Zhanguo
Published: July 2022

Zirconium nitride (ZrN) is a candidate for contact metal and diffusion barrier in ohmic contacts for GaN-based devices due to its superior electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance. This paper reported ZrN films deposited on GaN/Si templates using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and analyzed the effect of substrate temperature (T
s) on its growth mode, film stress, as well as electrical properties. Firstly, the surface morphology and film roughness of the resultant ZrN epilayers were investigated, which were found to vary dramatically with T
s. Then, a temperature-dominated crystal formation process was reasonably proposed, revealing the transfer from the island to layer growth mode and the augmentation of the growth rate of ZrN with elevated T
s. Stress information was obtained from the position of XRD diffraction peaks, indicating large in-plane lattice stretching in ZrN film and the presence of compressive stress in the GaN/Si template. The stress states can be related to island merger and thermal mismatch between ZrN and GaN, which proved satisfyingly advantageous in preventing the GaN layer from cracking during the subsequent preparation procedure. In addition, XPS surface and interface investigations were performed to identify the chemical state and the atomic content of the ZrN film, which also implied a relatively clear interface between the ZrN epilayer and GaN/Si template. Furthermore, Hall tests proved the resistivity of ZrN thin film can reach a minimum of 2.28 × 10−4 Ω cm, owing to the grain boundary chaining and flat film surface at high temperatures. Overall, it appears to have promising prospects for its application in the contact layer and diffusion barrier of ohmic contact in GaN-based devices.
Centrality and transverse momentum dependence of anisotropic flow coefficients and their correlations in Xe–Xe collisions at

sNN

= 5.44 TeV
Authors: Pandey Saraswati , Singh B K
Published: July 2022

The study of anisotropic flow coefficients v

n
(n = 2, 3, 4) in Xe–Xe collisions at

s

N
N

= 5.44 TeV under the Monte Carlo HYDJET++ model (HYDrodynamics plus JETs) framework is presented. We have also considered body–body and tip–tip types of geometrical configurations for xenon nuclei within the model. The kinematic ranges |η| < 0.8, 0 < p
T < 5.0 GeV/c, |Δη| > 1 and |Δη| > 2 are considered. HYDJET++ results for deformed Xe–Xe collisions are well supported by the ALICE experimental data. The anisotropic flow of identified charged hadrons has strong transverse momentum and centrality dependence. Anisotropic flow decreases as collision system-size increases. Spherical xenon collisions show a suitable match with (deformed) tip–tip collision results. Body–body collisions produce higher flow in comparison to minimum bias and tip–tip collisions. Global mass ordering is observed in low and high p
T regions. The interplay of soft processes, jets, and decay resonances is responsible for the observed identified particle mass order. A strong centrality-dependent correlation is observed between the flow harmonics (v
2, v
3, v
4). HYDJET++ model predicts a linear positive correlation in central collisions while a boomerang-like correlation structure exists in peripheral collisions as found in the ALICE experiment. We find a strong dependence of the above observables on the geometry of the collision.
Nationwide survey on radiation doses received by patients in nuclear medicine imaging procedures
Authors: Skovorodko K , Komiagienė R , Maciusovič M , Gilys L , Vajauskas D , Grigonienė V , Žiliukas J , Raudonienė J , Gricienė B
Published: July 2022

National diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) are essential tools for optimizing protocols and protecting patients from an unjustified radiation exposure. The aim of this study was to conduct a nationwide survey of adult patient doses received from nuclear medicine (NM) procedures and to update national DRL (NDRL) values for most common procedures. Data on the radioactivity administered to standard adult patients were collected from all Lithuanian hospitals using NM applications in practice, between 2017 and 2022. Twelve of the most commonly performed NM diagnostic procedures: myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (two parts), thyroid scintigraphy, lung perfusion scintigraphy, bone scintigraphy, dynamic renal scintigraphy (divided into two procedures), parathyroid scintigraphy, hepatobiliary scintigraphy, lymphoscintigraphy, neuroendocrine tumour scan, and oncology positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging were included. The 75th percentile of the dose distribution was estimated for establishing NDRLs. During the data collection period, the NM imaging equipment was upgraded. The procedures were completed with 12 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and SPECT/CT gamma cameras (2 with cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors), 2 cardiac-centred gamma cameras with CZT detectors, and 2 PET/CT scanners. Data were collected on 7979 activities administered to the patients. For each procedure, depending on its frequency, 50–580 administered radiopharmaceutical activities were selected. Based on the collected data, NDRLs were updated in 2021 for three procedures. A large part of the procedures were performed with scanners manufactured between 2008 and 2011. In the past few years, the main Lithuanian hospitals that provide NM services have updated their SPECT/CT systems. In the future, the data collection process should be continued in order to reassess DRLs with respect to new scanning systems (e.g. with CZT detectors and newer PET/CT technology). Variations in the prescribed radiopharmaceutical activities showed that optimization and harmonization procedures may be performed in some hospitals.
Nonlinear parabolic stochastic evolution equations in critical spaces Part I. Stochastic maximal regularity and local existence*
Authors: Agresti Antonio , Veraar Mark
Published: July 2022

In this paper we develop a new approach to nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations with Gaussian noise. Our aim is to provide an abstract framework which is applicable to a large class of SPDEs and includes many important cases of nonlinear parabolic problems which are of quasi- or semilinear type. This first part is on local existence and well-posedness. A second part in preparation is on blow-up criteria and regularization. Our theory is formulated in an L

p
-setting, and because of this we can deal with nonlinearities in a very efficient way. Applications to several concrete problems and their quasilinear variants are given. This includes Burgers’ equation, the Allen–Cahn equation, the Cahn–Hilliard equation, reaction–diffusion equations, and the porous media equation. The interplay of the nonlinearities and the critical spaces of initial data leads to new results and insights for these SPDEs. The proofs are based on recent developments in maximal regularity theory for the linearized problem for deterministic and stochastic evolution equations. In particular, our theory can be seen as a stochastic version of the theory of critical spaces due to Prüss–Simonett–Wilke (2018). Sharp weighted time-regularity allow us to deal with rough initial values and obtain instantaneous regularization results. The abstract well-posedness results are obtained by a combination of several sophisticated splitting and truncation arguments.
Effects of ‘step-like’ amplitude-modulation on a pulsed capacitively coupled RF discharge: an experimental investigation
Authors: Fu Yan-Yan , Wang Xiao-Kun , Liu Yong-Xin , Schulze Julian , Donkó Zoltán , Wang You-Nian
Published: July 2022

We present measurements of the time evolution of plasma and electrical parameters in a pulsed capacitively coupled argon discharge operated at a radio frequency of 12.5 MHz, whose amplitude is ‘step-up’ and ‘step-down’ modulated. The ‘step-up (-down)’ amplitude-modulated waveform consists of three segments, i.e., a low (high)-voltage, a high (low)-voltage, and a zero-voltage stage. Here, we focus on the effect of the ratio (ζ = V
L/V
H ⩽ 1) of the low-(V
L) to high-voltage (V
H) amplitude (measured at the end of the respective segment) on the time evolution of discharge parameters. We monitor the behavior of the discharge by measuring (i) the optical emission intensity (OEI) of a selected Ar-I spectral line, (ii) the electron density at the center of the plasma (using a hairpin probe) as well as (iii) the electrical characteristics (by voltage and current probes). It is found that at relatively large ζ (i.e., at low disparity between the two voltage amplitudes), for both the ‘step-up’ and ‘step-down’ cases, these parameters evolve relatively smoothly with time upon changing the voltage amplitude, and the ignition process strongly depends on the duration of the zero-voltage period. At low ζ (i.e., at high disparity between the voltage amplitudes), an abnormal evolution of the parameters can be observed during the low-voltage period for both cases. Specifically, the voltage amplitude and the modulus of the system impedance increase to a higher value, while the relative phase, φ
vi, between the voltage and the current approaches 90°, resulting in a reduction of the power deposition and the OEI. The enhanced voltage amplitude decreases to a steady-state value, accompanied by a decline of φ
vi, and an abnormal increase of the current amplitude and the electron density after some time, of which the duration increases with the decrease of ζ. The ζ-dependent evolution of the electron density during the low-voltage period was found to significantly affect the subsequent ignition process and electron power absorption mode at the beginning of the high-voltage period.
Design and performance of flexible polymeric piezoelectric energy harvesters for battery-less tyre sensors
Authors: Mangone Carmela , Kaewsakul Wisut , Gunnewiek Michel Klein , Reuvekamp Louis A E M , Noordermeer Jacques W M , Blume Anke
Published: July 2022

A piezoelectric energy harvester for battery-less tyre sensors has been developed. It consists of two key elements: (a) a piezoelectric material—polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) film and (b) an electrode—a conductive elastomer filled with carbon black and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). It was designed as a flexible patch in a sandwich-like configuration, which can be mounted onto the inner liner of a tyre. The patch was fabricated by inserting a PVDF film in between two conductive elastomer sheets. The development started with improving the conductivity of the elastomer by adding 6 wt% of SWCNT masterbatch. The adhesion between the interfaces was improved through surface modification of the PVDF film by introducing oxygen functional groups via a plasma treatment and further modification with a thiocyanate silane. The successful surface modification of the PVDF film was affirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. T-peel and fatigue tests showed durable and stable adhesion between PVDF and conductive elastomer, confirming that the silane can effectively bridge the two components. A glueing method is proposed to adhere the patch to the tyre inner liner compound. The harvester is estimated to sufficiently power a reference tyre sensor, producing 28 μW cm−2.
Experimental validation of new non-coherent chaotic modulation via SDR implementation
Authors: Benimam Houssem , Sadoudi Said , Teguig Djamal
Published: July 2022

In this article, a new non-coherent chaotic modulation based on the classical Frequency Modulation (FM) technique is proposed and experimentally validated under realistic wireless communication scenarios by using Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology. In the proposed modulation, named FM-Chip Averaging Chaotic On-Off Keying (FM-CACOOK), we simply combine the FM modulation with the recent proposed chaotic modulation technique CA-COOK. Firstly, we validate the proposed technique via several Matlab simulations scenarios in the context of wireless chaotic transmission through different IEEE 802.15.4a channel models. In this context, we choose the Office LOS (Line Of Sight) and NLOS (Non Line Of Sight), the industrial LOS, the Outdoor LOS and the Open Outdoor NLOS in order to make a mixture of indoor and outdoor environments for LOS and NLOS propagation. Secondly, we implement the proposed modulation by using GNU-Radio Companion (GRC) software. For this, several new GRC blocks have been added to perform and test the FM-CACOOK modulation in SDR platforms such as RTL-SDR dongle and HackRF. Finally, experimental tests have been performed to demonstrate the reliability and the strengths of the considered modulation. The obtained experimental results validate our solution by deriving the Bit Error Rate (BER) performances curve of FM-CACOOK compared to that of Differential Chaos-Shift Keying (DCSK), which is the reference chaotic modulation, and to that of the recent CA-COOK modulation.
The linear regime of tachyonic preheating
Authors: Koivunen Niko , Tomberg Eemeli , Veermäe Hardi
Published: July 2022

Tachyonic preheating is realized when the inflaton repeatedly returns to a convex region of the potential during the post-inflationary oscillating phase. This will induce a strong tachyonic instability and lead to a rapid fragmentation of the coherent field that can complete within a fraction of an e-fold. In this paper, we study the linear regime of this process in a model-independent way. To this purpose, we construct simplified models that provide an analytic Floquet theoretic description of mode growth. This approach captures the essential features of well-motivated tachyonic preheating scenarios, including scenarios in which the inflaton is part of a larger scalar multiplet. We show that tachyonic preheating is efficient if the field excursions are sub-Planckian, can produce gravitational waves in the frequency range of current and future gravitational wave interferometers, and can be consistent with any experimentally allowed tensor-to-scalar ratio.
Effect of cold work deformationon irradiation hardening of vanadium alloys
Authors: Han Xuxiao , Niu Mengke , Yang Yitao , Zhang Chonghong , Meng Xuan , Li Zengde , Wang Tieshan
Published: July 2022

Vanadium alloys are regarded as promising candidate structural materials for the advanced blanket concept in fusion reactors due to their low activation, good high-temperature strength and, in particular, their compatibility with liquid lithium. In the present work, six kinds of V–5Cr–5Ti alloys under heavy cold work with deformation amounts of 40%, 60% and 80%, and/or subsequent annealing were investigated. Irradiation damage of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 dpa was introduced in both specimens using 352.8 MeV Fe ions at 100 °C. Electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate pre-irradiation microstructures such as grains, dislocations, precipitates and bubbles. X-ray diffraction was used to evaluate the pre-existing dislocation density and TEM was used to image the irradiation defects. The change in hardness was evaluated using micro-hardness tests. Before irradiation, the hardness increased with the increasing deformation amount but decreased after subsequent annealing. Dislocation cells turning into sub-grains with low-angle boundaries were observed, while the deformation amount reached 80% in cold-worked specimens. After irradiation, hardening was observed in all specimens and at all irradiation doses, and a power-law relation was observed in dose-dependent hardening. The effect of the initial microstructure on irradiation hardening was discussed in terms of the sink strength while ignoring grains and precipitates due to their large size. Pre-existing bubbles could effectively reduce irradiation hardening compared with previous results. Meanwhile, with the increasing sink strength of dislocations, hardening decreased in a different manner in cold-worked and annealed specimens. The irradiation defects in some specimens were investigated to clarify the inherent mechanism in the relationship between the initial microstructures and irradiation hardening.
Microclimate as the basis for creating a comfortable urban environment
Authors: Gushchin A N , Divakova M N
Published: July 2022

The article deals with the question of the extent to which the urban microclimate determines the state of comfort of the urban environment. To determine the comfort of the urban environment, the criterion of the Dutch urbanist Jan Gel is used. The article discusses the spatial and temporal scales of microclimatic phenomena and notes that the main characteristics of the microclimate are spatial and temporal variability. Specific examples demonstrate how microclimatic phenomena can affect the comfort of the urban environment. The article discusses the possibilities contained in regulatory documents for regulating the microclimate in urban conditions.
SMART-system based on a heterogeneous group of unmanned aerial vehicles to ensure the environmental human well-being
Authors: Motorin A , Sherstnev V , Bezborodova O , Bodin O , Trofimov A
Published: July 2022

The authors developed flowcharts for the operation algorithm and sequences for a SMART system to facilitate the environmental well-being of people based on the use of a heterogeneous group of unmanned environmental aircraft. The group of unmanned aircraft may operate in normal and emergency modes to patrol production facilities or mitigate (localize) emergency factors such as fires or the spillage of chemicals. The authors provide solutions to equip environmental unmanned aircraft with chemical and fire hazard control devices (probes and cameras respectively), as well as the tools to localize (mitigate) the sources of these hazards. The suggested solutions shall help obtain live data on the impact of production facilities on the local technosphere and promptly identify the beginning of an emergency to minimize the time necessary to identify and mitigate (localize) emergency factors, use more specialized equipment, and position it rationally in the unmanned aircraft, perform feasible optimization of the number of unmanned aircraft in the group, and reduce the loads on the decision-makes monitoring the images.
Features of the coupled distribution of methane and hydrogen sulfide in the bottom sediments of the Azov and Black Seas firth
Authors: Gar’kusha D N , Fedorov Yu A , Trubnik R G , Dotsenko N V
Published: July 2022

In the summer-autumn period, studies of the conjugate distribution of methane and total hydrogen sulfide in the bottom sediments of the limans of the Azov and Black Seas, characterized by different salinity, were carried out. For the first time, to characterize the conjugate distribution of CH4 and ΣH2S in bottom sediments, the “methanization” coefficient was used, which is the percentage of CH4 from the summa of concentrations (mg/g) of CH4 and ΣH2S. The concentrations of CH4 and ΣH2S in bottom sediments of desalinated limans (Sladky, Akhtanizovsky, and Kurchansky) vary from 0.01 to 114.34 μg/g of wet sediment and from <0.001 to 3.07 mg/g of wet sediment, respectively. The concentrations of CH4 and ΣH2S in the sediments of saline limans (Yeisky, Beisugskysky, Vityazevsky, Kiziltashsky, and Bugazsky) vary from 0.01 to 1.44 μg/g and from 0.01 to 1.44 mg/g, respectively. The coefficient of methanization in the bottom sediments of saline limans varies from 0.002 to 1.38% and does not exceed 1% in 97% of the samples taken. In the deposits of desalinated limans, the methanization coefficient noticeably increases (up to 19.14%). The tightness of the correlation between the studied reduced gases and hydrochemical parameters is analyzed.
Evaluation of the metal content of cleaned and dirty balsam poplar leaves in industrial pollution conditions
Authors: Giniyatullin R Kh , Zaitsev G A
Published: July 2022

Plants can absorb nearly all the chemicals present in the environment in large or small quantities. Chemical inputs as a result of industrial emissions accumulate primarily in the leaves of woody plants. This study compares the metal content of cleaned and dirty leaves of balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) under Sterlitamak Industrial Centre conditions. Under pollution conditions, high levels of metals were detected in cleaned and dirty poplar leaves. Chromium, cobalt, copper and nickel from artificial sources are extensively accumulated in poplar leaves in contaminated areas. Moreover, a prevailing accumulation of chromium, cobalt and nickel was observed in the cleaned leaves, excluding cadmium, 14 times more prevalent in dirty poplar leaves than in cleaned leaves. The zinc content of the cleaned and dirty leaves is almost the same. Increasing the concentration of elements in dirty poplar leaves under pollution conditions (per dry biomass (mg/kg)) can be arranged in the following order: Cd < Zn < Pb < Co < Ni < Cr < Cu. The accumulation of metals in balsam poplar leaves during the growing season was evaluated. Bioaccumulation values of metals have been determined for the biomass of leaves.
The physical and chemical composition of fly ash from Troitsk state district power plant (GRES) and its potential use in the construction industry
Authors: Pogorelov S N , Ya Kramar L , Kostiunina I L
Published: July 2022

This paper deals with the use in construction of fly ash, bottom ash, and slag waste from thermal power plants. Using material from the Troitsk State District Power Plant (GRES), we studied the potential use of slag and ash, as well as thermal power by-products, which occupy large areas, pollute the environment, and negatively affect human health. If we correctly approach this problem, fly ash and slag can be used in concrete, replacing part of the cement content, or as an aggregate, which will increase the resistance of concretes to environmental impacts, and therefore become an effective raw material for the production of building materials. Studies have shown ash is most effectively used as an additive in cement and in the production of fine-grained concretes. Ash from thermal power plants are mostly used in the form of porous ash aggregates, including unburned fly-ash aggregate. This study contributes to the effective use of ashes from Troitsk GRES in the production of light concretes. The use of these ashes in the production of heat-insulating wall materials will allow an increase in the efficiency of residential and industrial construction. This can lead to the development of the construction industry in the region and job gain while reducing the environmental impact.
Areas of use of waste from incineration
Authors: Kolodezhnaya E V , Garkave M S , Shadrunova I V
Published: July 2022

Most of the solid household waste generated in the world is disposed of by incineration. Wastes generated during the incineration of debris pose a danger to the environment and must be disposed of. Determining the application areas of incinerator slags is an urgent research task. The article provides information on the conditions and volumes of slag formation. It is possible to extract copper-containing material from slags during gravitational enrichment. The use of complex processing technology contributes to the production of iron and aluminum-containing products. The potential of using slags for carbon dioxide sequestration was estimated. Suitability of silicate tailings of slag processing as geopolymer binders is determined. The use of waste incineration slags in production will not only reduce their number at landfills, but also prevent their further storage.
The use of drilling waste in the production of ceramic building materials
Authors: Klimova L V , Smolii V A , Romanyuk V S
Published: July 2022

The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the need to solve environmental problems that arise when drilling oil and gas wells. The study is aimed at the disposal, neutralization and reuse of drilling waste, which will create a reserve of competitive raw materials for the production of bricks. The possibility of recycling a man-made product obtained in the process of drilling oil wells at the facilities of the Morozovskoye deposit (Krasnodar Territory) in the production of ceramic products, namely building bricks, is considered. A physical and chemical study of the drilling waste of the considered deposit was carried out, with the aim of its subsequent use in the raw mix for the production of building bricks. A comparative characteristic of the raw material composition, phase and mineralogical composition, as well as the plasticity number of drilling waste and clay from the Gubskoye deposit (Krasnodar Territory) is presented. On the basis of the data obtained, appropriate conclusions were made about the possibility of using drilling waste as a raw material component.
Ceramic granite production wastes use for enhancement asphalt concrete construction and technical properties
Authors: Yatsenko N D , Evforitskiy A S , Sazonova O I
Published: July 2022

Bitumen concrete construction and technical properties improvement when used as refuse finely-fragmented layer inorganic material formed in production of ceramic granite, ceramic construction material, is conditioned by its phase composition and structure. The set of physicochemical studies has established that the high physical and technical properties of ceramic granite are associated with its microstructure, which presents glassceramic composite consisting of amorphous glass phase permeated with mullite crystals and silica-containing phases of quartz and cristobalite, that provides low material porosity. The density of natural granite containing only β-quartz in an amount of about 35% with its density and the density of other minerals in the granite, in particular field spars, is 2.6… 2.7 g/cm3. The density of ceramic granite decreases due to less dense β-cristobalite, but at the same time its porosity decreases due to glass crystal structure. Use of non-porous refuses of ceramic granite as finely-fragmented inorganic material reduces amount of bitumen in bitumen concrete mixture, increases water resistance, compressive strength, shear resistance of bitumen concrete, which can increase service life of road surface.
Producing ceramic wall material using industrial waste
Authors: Solonina V A , Butakova M D
Published: July 2022

Environmental motivation in industrial waste processing should be prioritized in national social development programs. Technogenic materials accumulate near industrial enterprises and significantly complicate the environmental situation in the regions. The article considers the possibility of utilizing technogenic waste (slag) from the Elektrostal Tyumen metallurgical plant. We propose including finely-ground slag in the raw charge for the production of wall ceramics, which can assist in reducing the plasticity number of the Kyshtyrlinsky clay deposit of Tyumen and its sintering temperature. The results obtained indicate an increase in the strength of the ceramic by 23.8%. A burn-out additive (wood flour) is additionally introduced into the raw material mixture to improve the thermal characteristics of ceramic products.
Barrier role of Cystoseira phytocenosis in the phosphorus detrophication in waters of the specially protected natural area “Cape Martyan” (Crimea, Black Sea)
Authors: Egorov V N , Bobko N I , Marchenko Yu G , Sadogurskiy S Ye
Published: July 2022

The goal of this study was to assess the role of Cystoseira phytocenosis as a biochemical barrier to the phosphorus detrophication through the phytoplankton primary production in waters of the specially protected natural area (SPNA) “Cape Martyan” on the southern coast of Crimea. We present data on the mineral phosphorus concentration in seawater and in the brown algae Cystoseira (Cystoseira s.l.) phytocenosis in 2021 and the phytoplankton primary production in 2017 – 2019. In the SPNA sublittoral zone, wet weight of the Cystoseira phytocenosis was estimated at 1425.6 tons, the production 3136.3 tons year–1, and the phosphorus accumulation factor 20,900 – 54,500. The phosphorus pool in the Cystoseira biotope ranged from 69.6 to 78.99% of that in the sublittoral zone and decreased with the phosphate concentration increase. The primary production in the SPNA sublittoral zone was mainly phosphate-limited. With the phosphate concentration increase, the primary production can reach hypereutrophication levels (100 mg Corg m–3 day–1). The phosphorus accumulation in the Cystoseira biotope reduced the phosphorus availability for the primary production to 10.4 – 30.4%. By the example of the SPNA “Cape Martyan”, we show that Cystoseira phytocenosis is a highly efficient barrier to the phosphorus detrophication in coastal waters.
Development of a comprehensive system for assessing the reliability of thermal power equipment
Authors: Borovkova A M , Medvedev V T , Pavlova G I , Burdiukov D A , Bayeva P N
Published: July 2022

The article reveals the necessity of monitoring the reliability of the electric power system as a complex technical system. Based on the consideration of the main regulatory documents, governing the assessment of the reliability of thermal power equipment and electrical networks, the article indicates the imperfections of the available methods of reliability assessment. A proposed comprehensive reliability assessment system allows a detailed assessment of the reliability of a complex system. The reliability of the power unit of the thermal power plant (TPP) was estimated by the logical-probabilistic method using the domestic software package. The existing problems of forecasting reliability indicators at various technical impacts are considered to obtain reliable calculation results.
Fiber acoustic control system for assisting jettison bladder type fuel cell of MI-8 helicopter in emergency conditions
Authors: Vinogradov V Yu , Muravyeva E V , Shakirova A I
Published: July 2022

To date, there is a problem with the safe operation of aircraft, namely with the safe evacuation of people in flight mode and during their landing from aircraft. The article discusses aspects of the use of fiber-optic and aeroacoustic technologies built into the general concept of a fiber-acoustic control system for assistance in safely jettison or dropping a bladder type fuel cell from a helicopter fuselage in an aviation emergency. The ability to control the parameters of speed, temperature, acoustic and optical noise, in case of deviation of the geometry of their bladder type fuel cell shapes, with an increase in speed, or critical pitch, shifting the level at which it is possible to drop filled bladder type fuel cell to enable a hard landing of an aircraft in an emergency.
Increased soil pH due to the application of sulfate-reducing bacteria, rhizobia and amendments to acid sulfate soils planted with soybeans
Authors: Hanafiah A S , Haniv Y , Sarifuddin  , Hidayat B
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria, Rhizobia, and amendment matters on the soil pH acid sulfate soil planted with soybeans, carried out at the Greenhouse, Soil Biology Laboratory, Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, from March to September 2021. This study used a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors and 3 replications. Each factor consists of 4 levels. The first factor were H0 (Control); H1 (Sulfate Reducing Bacteria); H2 (Rhizobia bacteria); H3 (Sulfate Reducing Bacteria + Rhizobia Bacteria), and the second factor was B0 (Control); B1 (EFB organic matters doses 15 tons/ha); B2 (EFB organic matters doses 30 tons/ha); B3 (Lime of CaCO3 doses 7.5 tons/ha). The research showed that Sulfate Reducing Bacteria, and Rhizobia were able to increase soil pH significantly. Application of EFB organic matters doses 30 tons/ha, and Lime of CaCO3 doses 7.5 tons/ha can increased soil pH.
Diversity of medicinal plants in the campus Universitas Sumatera Utara
Authors: Manurung H
Published: July 2022

The Universitas Sumatra Utara campus is included in a green campus. Identification of medicinal plants in a campus environment that has a large enough green open area is important to know the types that exist. The identification results can be used as a reference in the future to enrich medicinal plants around the campus and open up the knowledge of the community around the campus the importance of medicinal plants to be cultivated. This study aims to make an inventory of medicinal plants in the University of North Sumatra campus environment and the benefits of medicinal plants found. The method of collecting medicinal plant species was carried out by exploring the campus of the Universitas Sumatra Utara. There are 21 types of medicinal plants found on the campus of the University of North Sumatra. Medicinal plants, which are often used by the Indonesian people as spices or flavouring mixtures in cooking, include tamarind (Tamarindus IndicaL), balanced (Solanum torvumSw), coconut (Cocos nuciferaL.), pandanus (Pandanus amaryllifolius) and lemongrass (C.citratus).
Induction of mutation with colchicine in Olimpus potato by in vitro culture
Authors: Siregar M , Siregar L A M , Hanum C
Published: July 2022

Plant breeding of Olimpus potato is carried out to develop potato varieties which resistant to abiotic stress (high temperature) and to develop potato varieties in the lowland of the tropic. The uses of colchicine is expected to induce genetic diversity as a source for plant breeding. This research aimed to determine the effect of colchicine on the Olimpus potato in vitro and to generates genetic diversity to be developed into new varieties as material lines for selection. This study was conducted using a RBD with two factors, are concentration of colchicine with 5 level are 0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08% and immersion time duration of 12 h, 24 h and 48 h. The results showed colchicine treatment signifficantlyaffect on vegetative growth variables. Colchicine concentration of treatment with 0.04% and 24 hours immersion showed better growth of shoot than the control at variable leaf number and concentration 0.04% with 48 hours immersion at variable shoot height. Treatment with 0.08% colchicine and 48 hours immersion resulted highest number of internode than the control. The highest number of root present in concentration of colchicine with 0.02% and 12 hours immersion. Colchicine treatment resulted on variations of Olimpus potato shoot differently from control.
Vermicompost application to increase sweet potato local genotype yield to support sustainable agriculture
Authors: Rahmawati N , Sitepu F E T , Pasaribu M Y
Published: July 2022

Increased sweet potato yields can be pursued by using superior varieties and local superior genotypes. Each genotype or variety has a different response to the technical culture of fertilization or the use of organic materials. Vermicompost is an organic material that has advantages over other organic materials because it contains many nutrients needed by plants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of vermicompost application on increasing the production of local sweet potato genotypes. The research was conducted in June – October 2020 in Medan Selayang District. The treatments studied in this study were sweet potato genotype (Tanah Seribu orange tubers, Tanah Seribu yellow tubers, Cengkeh Turi orange tubers) as the first factor and dose of vermicompost (0 tons ha-1, 10 tons ha-1, 20 tons ha-1, 30 tons ha-1) as the second factor using a Randomized Block Design. The three genotypes were significantly different in the parameters of tuber weight per plant, number of tubers per plant and harvest index, while the application of vermicompost and interaction of sweet potato genotypes and vermicompost increased tuber weight per plant, harvest index, and grade A fresh tubers.
Relationship analysis related to acid stress of some cornlines used in soil using SSR markings
Authors: Lubis K , Putriani T , Kardhinata E H
Published: July 2022

This research aims to characterize, identify and determine the kinship patterns and bands of genetic diversity in maize lines developed in acid soils from SSRmarkers. This research was carried out at the Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, from March to July 2021. This study used 3 lines and 2 of F1 in corn. To determine band size with the UVITEC Cambridge Fire Reader and to calculate genetic similarity and formation, the group used the Multivariate Statistical Package (MVSP Ver. 3.2). The Research method is the molecular marker method with 3 SSR primers (Cams 358, Tms 7 and Tms 9) the results showed that 3 primers received bands with sizes in the range of 255582 bp. Based on PCOA analysis, there is one sample that dispensed, which equates to 102 713 × NEI 9008. Based on research, CLA 84 × NEI 9008, CLA 106, CLA 84, and NEI9008 are sensitive genotypes and 102 713 × NEI 9008 represent genotypes. tolerant toacid stress.
Response of wheatgrass and ricegrass growth on various types of planting media
Authors: Ritonga S , Vinolina N S , Charloq
Published: July 2022

Wheat and rice are plants that contain many health benefits, such as chlorophyll, protein and phenolic compounds, which are very suitable for consumption during the current COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to observe the growth response of wheat and rice with various types of growing media. The use of the right planting media is expected to provide good content for wheat and rice plants so that they can be used as health drinks that are good for consumption. This study used a factorial completely randomized design using two factors, where : factor I = plant species with T1 (wheat) and T2 (rice) and factor II = type of growing media with P0 (top soil), P1 (top soil: husk charcoal). ) (1:1), P2 (top soil:cocopeat) (1:1), P3 (top soil:sawdust) (1:1) and P4 (top soil:husk charcoal:cocopeat:sawdust) (1:1:1:1). The results of this study indicate that the highest plant height data was obtained from rice plants with an average top soil planting medium of 18.13 cm. The highest protein content was found in wheat with top soil growing media: sawdust with a yield of 2.20 L/g. So it can be said that wheat can be used as a health drink because it contains high protein.
Survey and distribution of Pineapple Wilt Mealybug Wilt associated Virus (PMWaV) on pineapple plants in North Tapanuli, Indonesia
Authors: Hutahayan A J , Tantawi A R , Tobing M C , Lisnawita
Published: July 2022

The authors conducted a survey of Pineapple Mealybug Wilt-associated Virus (PMWaV) on pineapple plants in four pineapple-producing sub-districts in North Tapanuli, namely Sipahutar, Pangaribuan, Siborongborong, and Tarutung. This survey aims to detect the presence and distribution of PMWaV in North Tapanuli. The survey found PMWaV in pineapple plants in all survey locations with varying symptoms such as wilting to a yellow-red colour and curling leaf tips, curling and drying leaves and leaf tips, and showing symptoms of wilting to a redand yellow colour. The results showed an incidence rate between 15.6 to 80%. Sampang ni Huta V, Sipahutar, showed the lowest incidence rate (15.6%), while Lobu Siregar, Siborongborong, showed the highest (80.0%). Meanwhile, the severity rate was between 14.0 and 65.0%. Pancur Natolu, Pangaribuan, showed the highest severity rate (65.0%, severe), while Siabal-abal II, Sipahutar, showed the lowest (14.0%, moderate).
Effect of chicken manure and pruning on kyuri cucumber plant
Authors: Mawarni L , Siahaan M D A
Published: July 2022

Japanese or kyuri cucumber was more longer, softer and suitable for salads than local cucumber. Cultivation techniques for increasing the production of cucumbers can be done by manipulating growth by the pruning and application of manure especially chicken manure which is more complete than other manures. The study was conducted at Deli Serdang regency in polybag from January until April 2021. The result showed that the application of chicken manure has a significant on fruit weight per plant and root weight at a dose of 600 g/polybag. Pruning the main stem shoots has a real effect on the weight of the fruit. There is an interaction between chicken manure and pruning on fruit weight per plant. The best interaction was in combination of treatment with pruning and manure 600 g/polybag. So, cultivation of cucumbers in polybags is recommended using chicken manure 600 g/polybag and pruning on the main stem shoots.
Effectiveness of a single and a mixture treatments of rhizobacteria in increasing the growth and yield of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Sutariati G A K , Rakian T C , Madiki A , Rahni N M , Wibawa G N A , Mudi L
Published: July 2022

Concern for the safety and public health of the environmental impact of the use of chemical pesticides has prompted more consideration of the use of environmentally friendly plant cultivation technologies as a natural approach to improve plant health. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of seed treatment with rhizobacteria Bacillus sp.CKD061, Pseudomonas sp. SWRIIB04 and Pseudomonas fluorescens PG01 alone or in mixture on the growth and yield of hot pepper plants. The study was arranged using a randomized block design consisting of 8 rhizobacteria treatments, namely control, Bacillus sp.CKD061 (C), Pseudomonas sp. SWRIIB04 (S), P. fluorescens PG01 (P), mixture of Bacillus sp.CKD061 and Pseudomonas sp. SWRIIB04 (C+S), mixture of Bacillus sp.CKD061 and P. fluorescens PG01 (C+P), mixture of Pseudomonas sp. SWRIIB04 and P. fluorescens PG01 (S+P), mixture of Bacillus sp.CKD061, Pseudomonas sp. SWRIIB04 and P. fluorescens PG01 (C+S+P). The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the seed treatment using a mixture of rhizobacteria Bacillus sp.CKD061 and Pseudomonas sp. SWRIIB04 was the most effective treatment in increasing the growth and yield of hot pepper plants. The increase in hot pepper production reached 90% compared to the control.
Consumers’ preferences for North Sumatera specialty coffees
Authors: Pane T C , Khaliqi M
Published: July 2022

The distinctive and special taste of Indonesian coffees has been renowned in the world coffee market. In the coffee’s production system at the farm level, the term specialty coffee typically refers to sustainable coffee. To keep up and maintain the uniqueness of specialty coffees’ tastes, the Ministry of Law and Human Rights (Kemenkumham) of Indonesia has issued the Geographical Indication certification on coffees. Understanding consumers’ preferences are very important to be able to identify the market, enabling producers and businesses to promote their products in a better way. This study revealed the consumers’ preferences for North Sumatera specialty coffees and investigate the problems in marketing them. The conclusions are: the coffee’s taste is the most important factor for consumers in deciding the coffee shop to buy specialty coffees; the medium acidity level (sour taste) is the most important factor for consumers in choosing specialty coffees to buy; and consumers prefer Sidikalang Robusta coffee the most, followed by Sumatera Mandheling and Sumatera Simalungun Arabica coffee.
Analysis of spinach and mustard farming portfolio in Marelan District
Authors: Tampubolon S M , Pebriyani D , Wibowo R P
Published: July 2022

Marelan District is one of the vegetable supplier areas for market needs in Medan City. Mostly the farmers in Marelan District cultivate spinach and mustard. In vegetable farming, farmers are faced the risk of price that can be seen from fluctuations in the price of spinach and mustard. Therefore, alternative that vegetable farmers can do to minimize the impact of risk is by doing diversification. In this research diversification is to combine spinach and mustard crop in farmer’s cultivation area. This combination is referred to as a crop farming portfolio. The results showed that diversification can reduce the risks of farming spinach and mustard. In addition, the portfolio that can be chosen by farmers is the third portfolio which is the portfolio with the lowest risk value compared to other portfolios.
Production and demand forecasting analysis of rice in North Sumatra in 2030
Authors: Lubis M M , Bakti D , Ginting R , Ayu S F
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine a sustainable North Sumatera rice supply system in terms of rice production. The specification of the most suitable method for forecasting rice production and demand in North Sumatra in 2030 uses linear, quadratic and exponential trend analysis. The results show that the quadratic trend analysis best corresponds to the positive trend of the production and demand forecasts. In conclusion, the increase in production is dueto the continuous increase in demand for rice.
Performance of Automatic Ring Irrigation with Solar Panel Energy (ARISGY) to Pakcoy (Brassica Rapa L) Growth
Authors: Nasution D L S , Julianti  , Ichwan N
Published: July 2022

One of the attempt in improving and maintaining the stability of land productivity is maintaining the water avaibility in dry season. It is necessary to study about the performance of the development ring irrigation technology innovation with the utilization of solar energy panels and soil moisture sensor as an automatization so the water flows in accordance with plant water needs. The aim of this study was to analyze the growth of pakcoy by the utilization of automatic ring irrigation with solar panel energy with several type of emitter. Parameters of this study were plants growth (weight, height, and amount of leaves), emission uniform (Eu), effisiency of water saving (Es), and effisiency of application (Ea). The result shown a good performance based on irrigation efficiency but it was not performed the optimal plants productivity. Besides the availability of water, environment condition was another indicator that has important role in growing plants.
Water Consumption, Growth, Yield and Water Productivity for Pepper Plant
Authors: Ichwan N , Meliala F S , Ezra M F , Nainggolan M B , Nasution D L S , Daulay S B
Published: July 2022

Irrigation is a costly activity, where the amount of water should be given as much as required. Pepper plant is a horticulture plant that literally needs water, and one of methods could be used the field capacity (FC) water content method as set point to watering pepper plant. The study aimed to determine peppers’ water consumption, to describe pepper growth and yield, and lastly to determine pepper’ water productivity. The result of the study showed that the pepper water consumption rate for FC, 75% FC, and 50% FC were 151 ml/day; 117 ml/day, and 93.4 ml/day, respectively. Secondly, plant height in FC was higher than the others treatment, the average of yield were 52.49 g, 42.35 g, and 29.23 g, respectively. Lastly, water productivity were 0.054 g/ml, 0.042 g/ml, and 0.008 g/ml, respectively. The conclusion of the study were pepper water consumption for FC higher than the others, however water productivity for FC and 75%FC were closely, furthermore, 50%FC not recommended to be implemented for pepper cultivation.
Sensory attributes and in vitro digestibility of dessert (cendol) made from potato and banana starch with addition of carrageenan as texture builder
Authors: Khumaira N , Ginting S , Yusraini E
Published: July 2022

Indonesians need rice as a staple food and its demand increases every year. Diversification of other ingredients to replace or substitute rice as raw material for non-staple foods such as cakes or desserts is urgent to be applied. This study aimed to producecendol,one of the most well-known desserts usually made using rice flour and tapioca.Cendolwas formulated using banana starch and potato starch with carrageenan as a texture builder. Then, the acceptability ofcendolamong consumers was assessed, as well as other functional aspects of the product. The results concluded thatcendoltreated with 90% potato starch: 10% banana starch and added carrageenan as much as 1.2% was acceptable to the panelists and it had a similar sensory response as well as commercialcendolfrom rice flour and tapioca for colour, aroma, taste and texture. The best-treatedcendolalso had a low digestibility, which was around two-thirds lower compared to native potato starch as a standard.