bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive disorders with epilepsy: clinical-psychopathological and neuropsychological characteristics, non-pharmacological correction
Authors: Korostiy V. , Blazhyna I.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Cognitive dysfunction affects the development, treatment compliance, significantly worsens the quality of life and social functioning of the patients with epilepsy.

Objectives

146 patients with epilepsy aged 18 to 65 participated in the study (М-40.7±2.42) were diagnosed with focal, idiopathic epilepsy and epileptic syndromes (G40.1, G40.2, G40).

Methods

Clinical-anamnestic, social-demographic, clinical-psychopathological, psycho-diagnostic and statistical.

Results

The study of the attention selectivity was carried out using the Munsterberg test. Only 9 examined patients (6.16%) of the total group had sufficient indices, 35 (23.97%) patients refused from the test, while the rest – 102 (69.87%) had low test results. The overall treatment group score was 7.72, which is by 13.28 lower than in the control group, where the attention selectivity index was 21 (р<0,001), which shows a considerable attention selectivity decrease in patients with epilepsy compared to the healthy persons. According to the МоСА test results, the first treatment group patients showed better cognitive functions (1.4, р<0.001), higher attention selectivity under the Munsterberg test (0.63, р<0.001), lower anxiety level under HARS (1.45, р<0.001), lower depression level under HDRS (1.7, р<0.001) and higher subjective assessment of the life quality (2.77, р<0.05). According to the МоСА test results, the second treatment group patients showed better cognitive functions (0.73, р<0.001), higher attention selectivity under the Munsterberg test (0.27, р<0,05), lower anxiety level under HARS (4.27, р<0.05), lower depression level under HDRS (2.32, р<0.05) and higher subjective assessment of the life quality (1.21, р<0.05). According to the МоСА test results, the comparison group patients demonstrated lower cognitive functions (0.22, р<0.05), higher attention selectivity under the Munsterberg test (0.15, р<0.05), lower anxiety level under HARS (2.61, р<0.001), lower depression level under HDRS (2.49, р<0.001) and higher subjective assessment of the life quality (1.0, р<0.05). The cognitive training showed its effectiveness in healthy persons of the control group: according to the МоСА test results, cognitive functions improved (0.79, р<0.001), compared to the treatment group 2 patients (0.73, р<0.001).

Conclusions

According to the follow-up study data 12 months after the cognitive training and psychoeducation, follow-up study showed better values under depression and anxiety scales, and improved life quality levels in the patients of treatment groups. Patients with epilepsy show a reliable cognitive functioning improvement after a 3-month computerized cognitive training. The study results indicate a more significant cognitive functioning improvement in the patients provided the combined use of the methods of psychoeducation and cognitive training, compared to the use of a cognitive training only.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Factors Associated With Altmetric Attention Scores for Randomized Phase III Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Rooney Michael K. , Sharifi Bahareh , Ludmir Ethan B. , Fuller Clifton D. , Warner Jeremy L.
Published: August 2023

PURPOSE

Altmetric Attention Scores (Altmetrics) are real-time measures of scientific impact and attention through various public outlets, including news, blogs, and social media. Herein, we aimed to describe and characterize the relationship between Altmetrics, conventional impact metrics, and features of published cancer clinical trials.

METHODS

We identified two-arm phase III cancer randomized clinical trials with a superiority end point and publication date between 2015 and 2020 from HemOnc and tabulated the following data: Altmetric, study positivity, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) registration trial status, cancer site/category, treatment context (curative or palliative), trial design, primary end point type, experimental/control arm modality, and journal tier. We further collected conventional bibliometrics including the number of citations and relative citation ratio (RCR) for all published studies. Multiple linear regression modeling identified clinical trial factors predictive of Altmetrics, with alpha = .05 defining statistical significance.

RESULTS

Altmetrics were found for 681 (98%) of 698 publications, with a median score of 38.5 (IQR, 13-132.8). FDA registration studies (β [95% CI], 84.7 [48.8 to 120.6]; P < .001), studies reporting on curative (as opposed to palliative) interventions (–29 [–53.7 to –4.4]; P = .02), genitourinary trials (73.2 [28.1 to 118.2]; P = .001), studies published in tier 1 journals ( P < .001), and those with an increased number of citations per year (0.81 [0.66 to 0.95]; P < .001) were significantly associated with increased engagement as measured by Altmetrics. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between all collected bibliometrics and Altmetrics ( R2 = 0.63, 0.68, and 0.67; P < .001 for citation count, citations per year, and RCR, respectively).

CONCLUSION

FDA registration trials describing curative interventions, studies published in traditionally defined high-impact journals, and genitourinary trial publications tend to have the greatest Altmetrics. We observed a strong relationship between Altmetrics and conventional bibliometrics. The significance and consequences of these relationships warrant further investigation.
The comparative study on axial and coronal CT images using maximum intensity projection for evaluating urinary calculus - a study protocol
Authors: Asrar ul haq Andrabi Syed , Tivaskar Suhas , Luharia Anurag , Paul Albert , Naik Shreya
Published: August 2023

Urinary calculus is a medical condition characterized by the formation of hard deposits in the urinary tract. It is also known as kidney stones and can cause severe pain and discomfort. The most common type of urinary calculus is composed of calcium, but it can be made of other substances such as uric acid or struvite. Risk factors for developing urinary calculus include dehydration, family history, certain medical conditions, and certain medications. Urinary calculi are a common condition that can cause significant discomfort and morbidity in affected individuals. CT imaging is the gold standard technique that helps diagnose urinary calculi. During the examination, axial and coronal images are commonly used. However, the optimal imaging approach has not been clearly defined. The study will include patients with suspected urinary calculi who undergo CT imaging at a single institution. Both axial and coronal images will be reconstructed using M.I.P. The primary outcome measure will be the sensitivity and specificity of the two imaging approaches for detecting urinary calculi. Secondary outcome measures will include the time required for image reconstruction, the radiation exposure associated with each approach, and the subjective preference of the radiologists for one approach over the other. The study is expected to provide valuable information on the optimal imaging approach for evaluating urinary calculi. If one approach is superior, it could lead to a more efficient and effective diagnosis and treatment of this common condition. Additionally, the study will provide data on the radiation exposure associated with each approach, which could inform clinical decision-making and improve patient safety. In this study, the protocol aims to compare the diagnostic performance of axial and coronal C.T. images using maximum intensity projection (MIP) for the evaluation of urinary calculi.
A retrospective study on complications associated with prone positioning during mechanical ventilation in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Beecham Gabriel , Mason Sabina , Smeaton Terry , Kelly Ian , Alfares Mohammad , Byrne Nicky , Rakovac Ana , Doolan Aoife , Donnelly Maria , Kelly Yvelynne P.
Published: August 2023

Background: Prone ventilation is now widely recommended and implemented for critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Despite its effectiveness, proning is associated with potential complications. The aim of our study was to describe the range of complications encountered during prone ventilation of adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 and to identify associated risk factors for these complications.

Methods: This was a single centre retrospective observational study carried out in the intensive care unit (ICU) in Tallaght University Hospital, an academic tertiary referral hospital, between March and June 2020. We included all adult patients admitted to the ICU with laboratory-confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2 who were treated with invasive mechanical ventilation and prone positioning on at least one occasion. Our primary analysis was a multivariable Poisson regression model used to evaluate whether predictor variables were independently associated with a significantly increased total number of complications related to proning.

Results: A total of 17 patients were eligible for inclusion. The median number of proning sessions per patient was four with a median time of 17 hours. The most common complications noted were skin ulcers in 15/17 (88.2%) patients and neurological complications in 12/17 (70.6%) patients. In a multivariable Poisson regression model, only diabetes mellitus was independently associated with an increased total number of proning complications.

Conclusions: In this single centre retrospective observational study, 88% of patients suffered complications associated with prone positioning during their ICU stay with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonitis. Diabetes mellitus was independently associated with a significantly increased total number of proning complications. Adequate staff education and training is essential to ensure that this treatment can be provided safely for those who need it.
Macroinvertebrate structure and diversity in nutrient-rich ephemeral pools in Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
Authors: Iloba Kate Isioma
Published: August 2023

This study used the Macroinvertebrate fauna to assess the ecological status and uniqueness of temporary, ephemeral pools in Delta state university, Abraka from 26th to 28th of October 2018, using standard methods. Among the studied environmental parameters, nitrate alone was significantly different among the pools (p<0.05). The pools macroinvertebrates handicapped supported seventeen taxa only from sixteen (16) families with a total of 460 individuals belonging to Odonata (28.91%) Oligochaeta (26.09%), Diptera (24.57%) Hemiptera(12.39),Gastropoda (4.35%), Coleoptera(3.48%), and Arachnida (0.22%) in order of dominance. The pools macroinvertebrates dominated by the group odonatan of the class Insecta. (Lumbricus terrestis Linnaeus 1758) (pollution-sensitive) found dead in the pools, low diversity indices(total taxa, Margalef index, dominance, and the Shannon diversity index), the occurrence and predominant of chironomus larvae (pollution-resistant worms) at the species level (24.57%) sign deteriorated water quality. The high number of resistant blood worms, low numbers of Gyrinus and Coleoptera is suggestive that they are suitable biological indicators of high concentration of the studied parameters in the pools and thus can be bioindicators of impaired water bodies.
Advanced Materials for Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting
Authors: Sasitharan Kezia
Published: August 2023

Design of novel materials is the key to ground breaking advancements in energy conversion. Solar radiation is a clean energy source with low environment impact but is still a difficult technology to be implemented on a large scale because of being an expensive technology. If global demands are to be met, new classes of solar cells with increased efficiency, reduced cost and new form factors must be developed. A lot of research is ongoing to find efficient materials which can supplement or supersede the existing silicon technology. In this review a general introduction covers the current scenario of energy demands of the world and where we stand in the search for alternative energy resources. A brief look into the working of photovoltaic systems and the conditions required to fabricate an ideal solar cell follows. Some of the advanced systems incorporated in solar cells over the past 20 years.
Sustainable Production of Algal Biodiesel Using Chlorella Pyrenoidosa
Authors: Bhaskar Uchit , Pimplikar Smruti , R Murugesh Alisha , K Smitha , Manokaran Sumathra , Reddy A H Manjunatha
Published: August 2023

The excessive consumption and utilization of fossil fuels, has had deleterious effect on the global fuel supply. It also has a detrimental effect on the environment, a growing concern in the last century. The key is in finding alternative and sustainable fuel sources, such as Biodiesel, and their efficient production and utilization to meet the surplus demand. Food crops and Microalgae have been identified to be potent producers of biodiesel. Microalgae trump the food crops on account of higher fatty acid content, that aid in the synthesis of biodiesel. In this study, we have utilized the microalgae, Chlorella pyrenoidosa as a source, having a high lipid content. The microalgae was cultured under optimal conditions and the extraction of the oil rich constituents was done by sonication. Further, trans-esterification was carried out to produce biodiesel. We then characterized the fuel based on its Saponification value, thin layer chromatography, types of fatty.
Isolation and Characterization of Alkalophilic Xylanase Producing Bacteria MS-2-1 from Marine Water Sample
Authors: B M Asha , Vardhan H Ananda , Afshan Khan Nida , Eveline J Sharon
Published: August 2023

A novel marine bacterium was isolated from Pichavaram mangrove forest located near Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu and designated as MS-2-1. Morphological, cultural, physiological characteristics as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis confirmed taxonomic affiliation of MS 2 as Marinobacter aquaeolei. The optimum pH and temperature for maximum production of xylanase was observed at pH 8.0 and 30ºC.
Menispermaceae family of plants and its action against infectious diseases: A review
Authors: Murugan Thulasi Meenu , Kokkuvayil Vasu Radhakrishnan
Published: August 2023

India is a country where traditional medicines play a huge role in primary health care. Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani are some of the well-known traditional practices used for centuries and these traditional systems are highly dependent on medicinal plants. India is a rich source of these medicinal plants. The Western Ghats is known for its rich diversity, richness, and presence of endemic species. Menispermaceae family consists of more than 400 species; all are reported to have high medicinal values. Different classes of alkaloids present may be the major reason for these biological potentials, which are of great interest for various research groups. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, protoberberine alkaloids, aporphine alkaloids, etc are some examples for the alkaloids present in the Menispermaceae family. This review deals with the phytochemistry and pharmacological study of the Menispermaceae family and the action of these plants against various infectious diseases, described in Ayurveda.
Editorial
Authors: Raghuvanshi Vaishali , Baboo Smitha
Published: August 2023

The structure of the labour markets across the world has changed at a rapid pace. There is a dearth in our understanding of its structure and relevant policy measures to analyse the changing processes. Our current theoretical understanding does not explain the responses to these structural changes as required. There’s all at once - high unemployment with increasing unfilled jobs, rising productivity with stagnant wages despite moderate inflation and reduced mobility across social classes despite rising economic growth. A drastic change in the structure of the population across major economies of the world is adding flare to the labour market conditions. Along with the changes in the structure of demography and economic conditions, the technological revolution and widening of individual choice resulting in dynamic structure of workforces across the world is giving birth to a new work order.
Determinants of ICT adoption for Digital Inclusiveness in Hill State of Himachal Pradesh-Tourists Perspective
Authors: Bhatia Arun
Published: August 2023

Travel and Tourism have been at the forefront of change from ICT driven technology. The current research aims to find out major determinants and measure the awareness and perception dimensions of ICT importance and usage from tourists’ perspectives of different age categories and education levels visiting the hill town of Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh India. The research is administered to 100 tourists entering through gateway destinations and visiting Dharamshala. ANOVA and Post-Hoc as a statistical tool indicate non-significant differences among different age groups in terms of online availability of tourism products but significant differences in terms of use of various mobile applications for travel purposes. Our results strongly imply creating a better digital tourism ecosystem with policy measures to help reduce digital disparities in the digital age.
A Study of Tourist Expenditure Pattern in Jammu and Kashmir: An Inter-regional Analysis
Authors: Ahmad Kumar Altaf
Published: August 2023

The main purpose of this study is to examine the expenditure pattern of tourists in three geographical regions of erstwhile Jammu and Kashmiri. The study further investigates the nature of tourist spending with respect to different seasons - summer and winter. A survey method has been deployed to collect the primary data for the study. The regional and seasonal differences with respect to the expenditure pattern of the Jammu and Kashmir tourists are analysed with the help of ANOVA. From the ANOVA test, it is found that there is a significant difference in the mean expenditure of tourists visiting the three regions of Jammu and Kashmir. It was further analysed that the seasonal effect on tourist expenditure is stronger in Ladakh than in the Kashmir and Jammu regions and is stronger than the regional effect. The regression analysis has also been used to determine the impact of socioeconomic, demographic, travel-related, and expenditure-related variables on the total expenses of tourists. The regression results confirm that almost all variables significantly impact tourist expenditure. Still, travel-related variables have a more decisive influence than socioeconomic and demographic variables. This study enables the policymakers to obtain the necessary information to implement an adequate policy to attract tourists, who are heavy spenders. It is also beneficial for marketers and tour operators to know the attributes of tourists at a destination, provide them facilities accordingly, and offer them genuine, affordable, and attractive packages to boost their business and tourism inflow to Jammu and Kashmir.
Altruistic Surrogacy Contracts: Legal Analysis of the Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2019 and its Legal Implications
Authors: Samudrala Samyutha
Published: August 2023

In India, the most recent development in the field of surrogacy is the passing of the Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2019 by the Lok Shaba in August, 2019, which is yet to be passed in the Rajya Sabha. This Bill bans commercial surrogacy and only legalizes surrogacy that is altruistic in nature. This leads us to a question whether a contract between a surrogate mother and the intended parents is required even in the case of altruistic surrogacy. The paper is a detailed study of the altruistic surrogacy contract and highlights the need and the nature of such a contract. This paper questions the legality of an altruistic surrogacy contract and also emphasizes on the consequences that could be faced by either party in case of absence of a contract. As there is no current law which governs altruistic surrogacy or surrogacy agreements in particular, it would be appropriate to examine altruistic surrogacy in the light of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, Law Commission Report and Indian Council of Medical Research Guidelines.
The relationship between hypothyroidism and physical exercise: impact on exercise tolerance and health
Authors: Schok Katarzyna , Jasek Jakub , Wiejak Katarzyna , Skoczylas Kamila , Mikulska Julia , Rokicki Sebastian
Published: August 2023

Background: Hypothyroidism is a common disorder among patients and it is well known that individuals with hypothyroidism often have lower tolerance for physical activity. However, regular exercise can have a positive impact on health and quality of life of these patients.
Objective: The aim of this work is to review the relationship between hypothyroidism and physical activity, including the potential benefits of physical exercise for individuals with hypothyroidism, as well as the factors that may limit exercise tolerance in this population.
Method: A literature review was conducted on databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar using terms „hypothyroidism”, „physical exercise”, „exercise tolerance”, „quality of life”, „thyroid function”.
Results:  People with hypothyroidism engage in sports less frequently, which may be due to the influence of hypothyroidism on the lungs, heart and muscles, which can cause impaired exercise tolerance. However, physical exercise in individuals with hypothyroidism may have a positive impact on thyroid function, depressive states and cognitive functions.
Conclusions: Studies suggest that exercise can have positive effects on thyroid function, mood and symptoms of depression in patients with hypothyroidism. Therefore, incorporating regular physical activity into the management of hypothyroidism can be an important strategy for improving health outcomes in these patients.
Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) - a review
Authors: Bogacz Rafał , Gaik Magdalena , Uram Ewa , Magda Inga , Woźniak Justyna , Womperski Karol , Osuch Magdalena
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is a segmental, multilocular, nonatherosclerotic inflammatory disease that most commonly affects small and medium sized arteries, veins and nerves of the extremities. The disease is spread worldwide and mainly affects young male tobacco smokers.
Aim of study: In this review we gather and summarize available knowledge about pathogenesis, diagnosis and methods of treatment of Thromboangiitis obliterans.
Methods and materials: Search of the articles in PubMed and GoogleScholar databases was performed using following keywords: Thromboangitis obliterans; Buerger's disease; Thromboangitis Obliterans pathogenesis; Thromboangitis Obliterans diagnosis; Thromboangitis Obliterans treatment; Thromboangitis Obliterans pathophysiology; Thromboangitis Obliterans symptoms; Thromboangitis Obliterans epidemiology; Thromboangitis Obliterans risk factors; The most relevant to the topic articles were included.
Summary: Even though the causes of the disease remain unclear and treatment is still difficult, there are new experimental methods of treatment being researched that may bring a breakthrough in the future.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - symptoms, diagnosis and therapy among children and adults.
Authors: Surowiec Agata , Dobko Katarzyna , Frącz Gabriela , Glac Agata , Kuliga Klaudia , Musz Kinga , Sejnowska Natalia , Socha Agnieszka , Śnieżek Kinga , Zając Anna
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the world is estimated at about 5%. Among adults, it occurs with a frequency of 2.5%. This syndrome can significantly impair functioning in various areas of life. There is a treatment to reduce the symptoms.
Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to collect and analyze publications on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - symptoms, diagnosis and therapy, taking into account the differences among children and adults.
Material and methods: We reviewed the literature available in the PubMed database using the keywords: "ADHD"; "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder"; '' ADHD diagnosis', ''ADHD therapy'; ‘’ADHD drug therapy’, ‘’Methylphenidate’, ‘’Atomoxetine”
Results: The clinical presentation of the disorder changes over the years. The main symptoms among children are related to inattention and impulsiveness, while among adults, hyperactivity can turn into a feeling of inner fear. Among children, frequent accompanying disorders are behavioral and oppositional-defiant disorders, and among adults, sleep disorders, personality, mood and anxiety disorders. ADHD treatment is based on a multimodal approach that uses cognitive behavioral therapy and effective stimulants (methylphenidate) and non-stimulants (atomoxetine) among children and adults.
Conclusions: There are differences in symptoms, comorbidities and diagnosis of ADHD among children and adults. Pharmacotherapy is carried out using the same drugs that are safe and effective. Diagnosis of the disorder and both non-pharmacological and pharmacological help are important due to the risk of increased mortality in patients.
Mountain guide as a profession of special management and quality supervision in the field of public health and safety
Authors: Borek Dominik , Raniszewski Szymon , Tomanek Mateusz , Bugajska Małgorzata
Published: August 2023

The article deals with aspects of quality management by those in the public trust profession of mountain guide. In particular, the article will raise aspects of quality in terms of public health and safety. These two aspects are very important in the work of a mountain guide, who is the person in charge of the group he or she is guiding in mountain areas. These areas can often cause some difficulties for tourists, hence the important role of the mountain guide person to ensure safety during mountain expeditions. Within the framework of the article, the organizational basis for conducting business as a mountain guide will be discussed, and the issue of quality will also be pointed out with regard to the professional self-government of mountain guides, for the establishment of which there have been calls for years. The paper uses a dogmatic and exegetical research method, which required an analysis of the detailed legal regulations of the area, as well as an empirical study of the professional self-government. The article presents the personal views of the authors and cannot be interpreted as the position of any body, entity or institution. The article presents the legal status as of 01/01/2023.
Influence of lifestyle on the course of endometriosis
Authors: Szlendak Paula , Winiarz Aleksandra , Turek Michał , Toś Katarzyna , Drobek Dominik , Wojtala Kacper , Grosman Sylwia , Wokurka Wojciech , Węgrzyniak Agata , Wąsala Katarzyna
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Endometriosis is considered a chronic disease, which significantly worsens the quality of life of women suffering from it. So far, the pathogenesis has not been clarified, and therefore no causal treatment has been invented. A number of pharmacological substances are available, however, they are mainly classified as symptomatic treatment. Patients are looking for all kinds of therapies, including alternative ones, e.g. modification of diet and physical activity.

Aim of the study: A review of current research on the pathogenesis of endometriosis, recommended forms of treatment, as well as the impact of individual nutrients and physical activity on the development and course of endometriosis.

Material and method: The review covers publications published in 2018-2023. The search for publications in the Pubmed electronic database was carried out using the following keywords: endometriosis, treatment, diet, anti-inflammatory diet.

Description of the state of knowledge: Most of the analyzed studies indicate the complexity of the pathogenesis of endometriosis, and therefore also the treatment. In addition, the literature has shown that substances such as vitamin D, curcumin, quercetin, resveratrol, polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins C and E, as well as physical activity, can have a positive impact on the development, severity of symptoms, and the quality of life of patients with endometriosis.

Summary: The best forms of diagnosis and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of endometriosis are sought. A number of medicinal substances are available, but they still do not allow patients to be cured. Studies show that modifying the diet and introducing individual nutrients can also have a positive effect on the course and treatment of endometriosis. It is necessary to conduct further studies evaluating the pathogenesis, methods of treatment of endometriosis, as well as the impact of lifestyle modifications on it.
De la guerra al posacuerdo: legados políticos e institucionales de la gobernanza rebelde en territorios pos-FARC
Authors: Silva Ojeda David Alonso
Published: August 2023

Este artículo indaga por los legados políticos e institucionales de la gobernanza rebelde en un contexto en el que, tras la desmovilización de las farc-ep, no hubo una reconfiguración de las dinámicas de presencia y violencia desarrolladas por los actores armados legales e ilegales. En este sentido, argumento que, de la gobernanza rebelde construida por la insurgencia y las juntas de acción comunal, emergieron procesos sociales que se mantienen tras la firma del Acuerdo de Paz. Estos afectan la manera como se reconstruyen los órdenes locales ante la salida del actor armado que hacía efectiva la regulación social. El artículo se basa en un trabajo de campo etnográfico de estancias cortas que privilegió el contacto con informantes clave y observaciones concretas en San Andrés de Tello —un centro poblado ubicado en el norte del Huila y con presencia histórica de la antigua guerrilla—. Así, este trabajo contribuyeal entendimiento de los legados de la gobernanza rebelde y cómo, desde su aprovechamiento, es posible generar procesos participativos de formación estatal que incorporen las instituciones comunales como protagonistas en la configuración de gobernanzas comunitarias en regiones con presencia diferenciada del Estado.
The National Partnership Agreement on policing and mental health: helping people to remain in the community
Authors: Williams Vicki
Published: August 2023

In this editorial, Vicki Williams discusses the National Partnership Agreement on policing and mental health.
Immunological perturbations, psychiatric disorders and associated therapeutics: a new era for psychiatry?
Authors: de Silva Prasanna N
Published: August 2023

The three main theories explaining major mental illness, namely mood disorders, psychoses and dementias, have been partially discredited. Alongside this, there are emerging links between perturbations of the immune system and the onset and phenotypic features of these disorders. This article outlines the alternative pathophysiology and suggests potential treatments which could improve disease burden and avoid the need for psychotropic medication, with their associated side effects and relapse following withdrawal.
GÊNERO E PROPRIEDADE: DESVELANDO RELAÇÕES ÍNTIMAS
Authors: Vanessa de Araujo Elisbão  , Flavia Almeida Pita
Published: August 2023

É a associação entre o conceito de propriedade, a partir da definição apresentada por Godelier (1989), às definições de gênero no contexto do capitalismo, que forma a base sobre a qual este trabalho se desenvolve. É na intenção de expandir as proposições feitas por Marx (1996) acerca da acumulação primitiva, quando afirma que para o surgimento e desenvolvimento do capitalismo a expropriação das terras comunais de milhares de camponeses foi um processo necessário, que Godelier desenvolve sua análise.
Launcelot's Swoon: Mourning and Memorial in Malory and the Stanzaic Morte Arthur
Authors: Jensen Christopher
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Launcelot's embodied expression of grief at Gwenyvere's funeral is condemned by the Bishop in Malory's Morte , but the ideological basis for this condemnation is obscure. Linguistic, cultural, and doctrinal analysis provide useful interpretive context, but a close comparison to the Stanzaic Morte Arthur reveals more concrete evidence of Malory's amplification of the earlier poem and characteristic affinity for the secular.
Launcelot's Lovers: Ghostly Women in Malory's Morte Darthur
Authors: Martin Molly A.
Published: August 2023

Abstract: This article looks at Malory's Gwenyvere and Elayne of Ascolat in the moments around their deaths and uses theories of ghosts and haunting to make sense of these moments. Both women communicate to Launcelot and the broader Arthurian community during death and from beyond the grave, and their messages call into question the male chivalric community and its understanding of love.
How Is a Rebus Like a Time Machine?
Authors: Lewis Paul
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Because rebuses published in the early national period contained clues about a wide range of subjects—including the arts, politics, history, philosophy, mythology, religion, geography, science, commerce, and local events—solving them at the time they appeared required both cleverness and knowledge. Trying to solve them today requires the recovery of once-familiar but now-forgotten ideas, norms, and opinions that can seem quaintly outdated, surprisingly progressive, or enduringly harmful.
Terahertz characterization of functional composite material based on ABS mixed with ceramic powder
Authors: Peng Hsin-Yi , Wei Yi-An , Lin Kao-Chi , Hsu Shen-Fu , Chen Jyh-Chern , Cheng Chin-Pao , Yang Chan-Shan
Published: August 2023

Terahertz (THz) radiation is especially the frequency band that the
developers of sixth-generation wireless communication networks aim to
exploit. Thus, the research and development of relevant components
have been an important issue. Studies have shown that ceramic
materials demonstrate the properties of low optical loss and high
refractive index when subjected to THz radiation. Furthermore, when a
ceramic material is mixed into a polymeric material, it can
effectively improve the latter’s mechanical strength.
Therefore, in this study, we conducted heat treatment on the powders
of four ceramic materials: Al2O3,
SiO2, ZrSiO4, and quartz. Next, we respectively
mixed each powder of the ceramic materials into each powder of
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Then, we measured all the
mixtures’ optic properties under THz radiation by observing
their X-ray diffraction patterns. Measurement results indicated that
SiO2 had a phase transition when it was calcined to
1100°C, and its optical coefficient also changed with the phase
transition. After ABS was mixed with a ceramic material, the
mixture’s effective refractive index increased as the mixture
was subjected to THz radiation. Moreover, after ABS was mixed with
Al2O3, quartz, heat-treated
Al2O3, heat-treated quartz, and heat-treated
SiO2, the mixtures’ effective refractive index
increased, and their absorption coefficients decreased. Therefore,
mixing a specific ceramic material into ABS, a common polymer, can not
only improve the mechanical performance of ABS but also give ABS fine
optical properties such as an increased effective refractive index and
a decreased absorption coefficient under THz radiation.
Provider and facility readiness for age-friendly health services for older adults in primary health care centres in southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunyemi Adedoyin O. , Balogun Mobolanle R. , Ojo Adedayo E. , Welch Sarah B. , Onasanya Oluwatosin O. , Yesufu Victoria O. , Omotayo Abisola O. , Hirschhorn Lisa R.
Published: August 2023

There is a growing focus on interventions at the health system level to promote healthy aging and provide age-friendly health services (AFHS) in low- and middle-income countries where populations are aging. This study aimed to determine the provider and facility readiness for AFHS. We developed and implemented surveys to collect PHC facility capacity and readiness to deliver AFHS and a KAP survey for facility healthcare workers based on guidelines from the WHO age-friendly tool kit and questionnaires from other studies. Direct observation and structured interviews of facility heads were conducted in a stratified random sample of 15 out of the 57 comprehensive PHC facilities in Lagos, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty providers were conveniently sampled for the KAP survey. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATA version 15 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas, USA). For facility readiness, only 13.3% of PHCs sometimes offered hearing assessment and none of the PHCs offered colorectal cancer assessment. Few (20.0%) facilities offered home services and only 1 (0.7%) had dedicated funding for care of older people. Ramps were at the entrance in 60.0% of facilities and almost half (43.3%) of the PHCs had wheelchair accessible entrances to the public toilets. The majority of HCWs (81.7%) had heard about healthy aging but only 5.0% about AFHS, only 10.8% reported formal training. Around a third knew about specific conditions which affect people as they age, including; depression (37.5%), urinary incontinence (35.0%), and falls/immobility (33.3%). Over half of the providers (54.2%) screened for malnutrition in older patients, 25.8% screened for suspected elder abuse and much less (19.2%) for delirium. This study found some areas of strength but also gaps in facility readiness as well as knowledge and training needed to support AFHS care. We recommend identifying interventions to improve the availability and delivery of care for older adults.
Relationship between Toxoplasma gondii infection and psychiatric disorders in Iran: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Montazeri Mahbobeh , Moradi Elahe , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Hosseini Seyed Hamzeh , Fakhar Mahdi
Published: August 2023

Background

Toxoplasma gondii, a ubiquitous parasitic protozoan, may be an important cause of neurological and psychiatric diseases. The present systematic review and meta-analysis, therefore, was conducted to investigate the scientific evidence regarding the potential association between T. gondii infection and psychiatric disorders in Iran.

Methods

We systematically reviewed articles from world-wide databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Iranian national databases up to July 30th, 2021. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of included studies. The common odds ratio (OR) was estimated using inverse variance and a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the χ2-based Cochrane test (Q) and the I2 index. Also, sensitivity analyses and publication bias were calculated. Moreover, subgroup analysis was performed based on the type of disorder and quality score of different eligible studies.

Results

16 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Our meta-analyses found that the OR of the risk of anti- T. gondii IgG and IgM in psychiatric patients compared to the control group was 1.56 (95% CI; 1.23–1.99) and 1.76 (95% CI: 1.19–2.61), respectively. Subgroup analysis based on the type of disorder showed that the OR of the risk of anti- T. gondii IgG in Iranian schizophrenia patients and other psychiatric disorders compared to the control group were 1.50 (95% CI; 1.09–2.07) and 2.03 (95% CI: 1.14–3.60), respectively, which are statistically significant. Also, the OR of the risk of anti- T. gondii IgM in Iranian schizophrenia and depression patients compared to the control group was 1.54 (95% CI; 0.9–2.64) and 1.03 (95% CI: 0.2–5.24), respectively, which are not statistically significant. Additionally, subgroup analysis based on quality scores showed no significant influence on the results according to the moderate quality studies. However, this association was significant according to the high quality studies. The obtained results of Egger’s test were 1.5 (95% CI; -0.62–3.73, P = 0.15) and 0.47 (95% CI; -0.82–1.76, P = 0.45), respectively, indicating publication bias. The significant results of the heterogeneity analysis confirmed a high level of heterogeneity in the IgG test (P = 0.000, I2 = 66.6%). However, no significant results from the test of heterogeneity were detected in the IgM test (P = 0.15, I2 = 27.5%). The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the impact of each study on the meta-analysis was not significant on overall estimates.

Conclusions

Despite the limited number of studies, these outcomes supported a possible link between T. gondii infection and psychiatric disorders in Iran. However, more high-quality investigations are needed in the future.
The influence of superstitions and emotions on villagers’ attitudes towards striped hyena in southwestern Iran
Authors: Moures-Nouri Fatemeh , Hemami Mahmoud-Reza , Rezvani Azita , Ghasemi Benjamin
Published: August 2023

The intensity of human-carnivore conflict in socio-ecological systems may primarily be determined by people’s attitudes and perceptions of carnivore-related threats. Direct or indirect threats posed by large carnivores to human interests may eventually lead to negative attitudes that can trigger retaliatory bahaviour against them. We studied local people’s attitudes towards striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena), the nature and extent of the human-hyena conflict, and the socio-cultural drivers of the conflicts in 19 rural communities in southwestern Iran. We employed structural equation modelling to assess socio-cultural factors affecting attitudes towards striped hyenas. The findings of 300 interviews showed significant differences in local people’s superstitious attitudes regarding gender, age, and education. More than 40% of the participants had encountered hyenas, and on average, each respondent lost 0.44 livestock in the past five years due to hyena attacks. However, livestock depredation by the hyena was low (13.3%) compared to the damage inflicted by all carnivores (73%). While the respondents indicated some degrees of fear, hatred to hyena was relatively low and they generally showed positive attitudes towards the species. Women and older people expressed the highest and respondents with higher education the least superstitious beliefs. Attitude score of respondents toward hyenas was correlated negatively with hatred for hyenas and positively with knowledge about them, but socio-demographics effects on attitudes towards hyenas were not statistically significant. Self-reported livestock loss was a relatively good predictor of hatred and fear. Herders who had not protected their livestock reported carnivore attacks at least once. We conclude that superstitions can potentially negatively affect hyena persistence, but can be reduced by improving the educational level of local people.
Prevalence and correlates associated with early childbearing among teenage girls in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Liga Abebe Debu , Boyamo Adane Erango , Jabir Yasin Negash , Tereda Akalu Banbeta
Published: August 2023

Background

Teenage childbearing remains a significant global health concern, and in nations with limited resources, it is the major cause of newborn and maternal deaths. Early teenage childbearing is still Ethiopia’s public health issue. Therefore, the goal of this study was to identify the prevalence and correlates of influencing early childbearing among teenage girls across Ethiopia.

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. A multistage stratified cluster sampling strategy based on the community was used to include the 3,498 participants in total. To determine the significantly correlated factors that influence adolescent pregnancy, a multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was used. The factors that have a significant association with early childbearing were identified using the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI).

Results

This study demonstrated that 10.3% of teens across the country had children at an early age. The odds of early childbearing among teenage girls increased with first marriages occurring before the age of 18, non-formal education, being from a lower- or middle-class family, not using contraceptives, following Muslim or other religious beliefs, and being aware of the fertile window. Teenagers who had exposure to the media, however, had a reduced chance of becoming pregnant early.

Conclusions

The study indicates that early teenage childbearing is still Ethiopia’s most significant public health problem. Therefore, the Ethiopian government should ban early marriage while also taking steps to reduce the risk through formal education, improved access to reproductive health education, and contraception, particularly for adolescent girls from low-income families and, by educating religious institutions about pregnancy dangers.
Assessing the quality of bee honey on the basis of melissopalynology as well as chemical analysis
Authors: Shakoori Zahra , Mehrabian Ahmadreza , Minai Dariush , Salmanpour Farid , Khajoei Nasab Farzaneh
Published: August 2023

Melissopalynological and chemical analysis of honey provide us useful and valuable information about the botanical and geographical origin of honey. The data in question is very important for authentication as well as for testing the quality of honey, so this is considered the main method in honey regulation here, we have used chemical analysis and melissopalynology to evaluate different honey samples from two main Iranian hubs of honey. Sampling was carried out on two important poles in Iran’s honey production, the central Alborz region, and the mountainous Zagros ecosystems in the years 2020 to 2021. Therefore, 52 samples from Alborz (Northern Iran), as well as 42 samples from the Zagrosian ecosystems (western Iran) belonging to different ecological habitats, were collected. In addition, samples were taken at 7 altitudes from 0 to 3500 m a.s.l. Furthermore, in this study, various chemical analyses such as the effect of antioxidant activity, the amount of total phenolic content, pH, and moisture content of honey samples were evaluated. Our results showed that all honey samples were classified as polyfloral honey. Based on our findings, 57 honey samples (61%) contained the standard amount of pollen. A total of 42 plant families and 55 genera were identified in the studied samples, with the highest presence of Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Apocynaceae, and Apiaceae. Finally, an antioxidant activity ratio of 19% to 98%, total phenolic content from 0.08 to 0.51 ppm, pH from 1.90 to 5.21, and moisture content from 13% to 18.40%.
Heart and brain: Change in cardiac entropy is related to lateralised visual inspection in horses
Authors: Felici Martina , Reddon Adam R. , Maglieri Veronica , Lanatà Antonio , Baragli Paolo
Published: August 2023

Cerebral lateralisation is the tendency for an individual to preferentially use one side of their brain and is apparent in the biased use of paired sensory organs. Horses vary in eye use when viewing a novel stimulus which may be due to different physiological reactions. To understand the interplay between physiology and lateralisation, we presented a novel object (an inflated balloon) to 20 horses while electrocardiogram traces were collected. We measured the amount of time each horse looked at the balloon with each eye. We calculated ‘sample entropy’ as a measure of non-linear heart rate variability both prior to and during the stimulus presentation. A smaller drop in sample entropy values between the habituation phase and the sample presentation indicates the maintenance of a more complex signal associated with a relaxed physiological state. Horses that spent longer viewing the balloon with their left eye had a greater reduction in sample entropy, while time spend looking with the right eye was unrelated to the change in sample entropy. Therefore, the horses that exhibited a greater reduction in sample entropy tended to use their right hemisphere more, which may take precedence in emotional reactions. These results may help to explain the variation in lateralisation observed among horses.