bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ADOLL: A EUROPEAN UNION PROJECT FOR TEACHING SPANISH, RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH THE BLIND AND VISUALLY IMPAIRED
Authors: Guzmán Tirado RAFAEL
Published: August 2020

ADOLL is a European project which addresses gaps in the language learning resources for the blind and visually impaired. In particular, the project deals with the creation of a multilingual online applica-tion for language learning accessible to unsighted and partially sighted computer users. The purpose of this application is to enable learners with sight problems to acquire basic language competences in three world languages: Spanish, Russian and English. It is intended to be used by adult users (aged 16 years or older). The critical issue of the development is to ensure compliance of the innovative e-learning ap-plication with the international accessibility standards. Therefore special attention is paid to the issue of compatibility of the e-learning platform with the assistive devices widely used by the blind and visually impaired
THE LANGUAGE REPRESENTATION OF SPATIAL ORIENTATION IN SPANISH
Authors: Korneva VALENTINA
Published: August 2020

The article specifies the concept of spatial orientation and the potentials of the construction nombre sus-tantivo + adverbio are identified to determine the position of the human body and the body of an animal and an inanimate object in Spanish as well. It describes the functional capacity of the construction and the features of its representation at the lexical, morphological and syntactic levels
CUENTOS DESDE LA OSCURIDAD: LA REPRESIÓN DE PRESOS POLÍTICOS EN LAS CÁRCELES FRANQUISTAS
Authors: Hernández Ríos M LUISA , Tolosa Sánchez M GUADALUPE
Published: August 2020

La represión vivida por los presos políticos en las cárceles franquistas en la inmediata posguerra nos brinda testimonios únicos por medio de la realización de cuentos cuyos destinatarios eran los hijos de éstos. Por ello, los cuentos escritos e ilustrados desde el medio penitenciario, y bajo condiciones de extrema dureza, se convierten en un medio de comunicación con el exterior esencial, al mostrar una obra resultado de un colectivo variopinto de literatos, aficionados y dibujantes, unas veces conocidos, otras anónimos, que por medio de ediciones facsímiles nos aproximan a una fuente histórica para conocer otra faceta de la vida en la cárcel de los años más severos de la posguerra española. En este texto nos acercamos a dos personajes que compartieron, en la distancia, penalidades y a quienes los une su acción como realizadores de cuentos para legarlos a sus hijos pequeños. El literato Miguel Hernández y el editor Alberto Sánchez Mascuñán sufrieron la represalia de los vencedores de distinta manera, y ambos fueron movidos por el amor a sus hijos, aspecto que posibilitó una obra preciosa y única llena de emotividad: los cuentos realizados desde la cárcel.
HOMO LOQUENS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY: ELISÉE RECLUS AND HIS VISION OF SPAIN
Authors: Raevskaya MARINA
Published: August 2020

The aim of the article is to define the contribution of Elisée Reclus, an outstanding French scientist and explorer of the 19th century, in shaping a new image of Spain which was based on the humanistic scientific ideas of the epoch. The paper gives a general overview of the ideas of Elisée Reclus formed under the influence of Karl Ritter, his German teacher. With this aim in view, the author of the article carries out an analysis of the ways of perception and interpretation of the geographic, historical, social and political reality in Spain in the second part of the 19th century in terms of geographic determinism. This approach proceeds from the assumption that the Man, as a constituent part of the natural order, is constantly affected by the environment. To get a better understanding of human habits and characteristics of a particular culture it is necessary to study its geographic conditions. The theoretical basis of the research determined the analytical and synthetic methods used in it. These methods made it possible to study the concrete materials (the authentic text by Elisée Reclus (1876)), to establish the correlation between scientific and philosophical principles of Elisée Reclus and his views on the geographic, eth-nographic, social and political reality in Spain at that time, to account for the conclusions he made on the basis of his ideas and observations in “Nouvelle Géographie Universelle” (“L´Espagne”).
RAMÓN GÓMEZ DE LA SERNA, HOMO LUDENS - PLAYING MAN
Authors: Astakhova ЕLENA
Published: August 2020

The article discusses some elements of the work of the Spanish writer Ramon Gomez de la Serna, who introduced to the world literature genre of so-called Greger (from the Spanish. greguería) - the shortest statements linking metaphor with the humor. The genre is analised from morphological, syntactic, and func-tional point of view, as well as its poetic signs. The conclusion is that in our times, when the stereotypes rule the world, an unusual look at the reality is of particular importance for creativity. Many examples are cited.
THE RELATIONS OF SPAIN WITH MOROCCO AND WITH OTHER COUNTRIES OF THE MAGHREB IN THE CONTEXT OF EURO MEDITERRANEAN COOPERATION (1996-2004
Authors: Anikeeva NATALYA
Published: August 2020

The main economic interests of Spain in the Mediterranean region during the study period were focused on the Maghreb countries and were mainly associated with the energy sector. The leading recipients of Spanish investments are Tunisia and Morocco. Relations with the countries of the Maghreb Spain relied on a solid
Cultural approximation and didactic strategies:the case of the Chicano literature
Authors: DuÉ Montalván Aura Luz , Suñén Bernal María Del
Published: August 2020

In this article we ﬁrst present the contribution of Chicano literature to understand the position of this culture within the social context of the United States. Then, we establish the relation between the theme of immigration that is reﬂected in these great works as well as certain literary works in Europe. Finally, we present the learning processes that have been implemented and which have found that the study of literature (in our case, Chicano) arouses interest in learning about a culture and with this motivation and development of language and communication skills, the student will develop critical thinking making him or her an autonomous, competent and creative learner in learning a target language, in this case Spanish.
The inﬂuence of the internal factors on the resolution of the Colombian armed conﬂict and the result of the 2016 peace talks
Authors: Seredá Maria
Published: August 2020

The article analyses three basic themes in the peace negotiations between the government of Colombia and the FARC: agrarian question, political participation and drug-traﬃcking. The article deals with the state of these problems presented in the historic perspective and with some variants of its resolution included into the Final agreement with the FARC. The author attempts to evaluate these agreements and to explain the declining of the agreement in the referendum (2016) for its approval.
The problems of the attracting of the foreign direct investments (FDI) in the top Latin American countries: Brazil, Mexico and Argentina
Authors: Fomina Olga
Published: August 2020

Thе article discusses the role of the top Latin American countries in the international ﬂows of capital and its investment attractiveness. The emphasis is made on the role of the countries in international capital ﬂows and the relationship between Russia and Latin America in terms of investment. The analysis revealed that Latin America is becoming to play more important role nowadays on the world economic map than it used to be. Many countries are increasing their investments in Latin America despite the fact that there are a lot of diﬃculties which deal with the level and the pace of the economic growth and development in this region
Historical Memory Law: a tribute or a late retaliation?
Authors: Bukharmedova Leila
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the background of the Historical Memory Law that was passed in 2007. It stirred up the Spanish society and caused ﬁerce debates which demonstrated how sensitive this issue is for the Spaniards and how controversial their attitude is towards the Francoist past of the country. At the same time the debate surrounding this issue often depended on political preferences and wasn’t built on the basis of scientiﬁc interest
The Spanish youth: the plight today and uncertain perspective for tomorrow
Authors: Ermolieva Eleonora
Published: August 2020

Recent studies reveal that a signiﬁcant part of the European youth is still in diﬃcult circumstances as a result of the protracted economic crisis. The situation is particularly hard in the south of Europe, where the level of youth un-employment is still high, and it seems uncertain whether it improves in the future. In addition, there is a growth in the share of so-called NEET generation, i.e. young people neither in employment nor in education or training. It leads to a dramatic waste of national human capital. Statistical data proves that the Spanish case study is one of the most complicated.
BANKING SECTOR MODERNIZATION(SPANISH RECIPE)
Authors: Malashenko Timofey
Published: August 2020

The aim of the research is to analyze transformation of the Spanish banking sector after the ﬁnancial crisis of the year 2008. The author examines a hypothesis that banking system played an important role in the development of Spain’s economy. Spain’s banking sector was substantially transformed during the economic crisis, and now serves as a prerequisite for development of Spain’s national economy during post crisis period
CRISIS OF REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY IN SPAIN
Authors: Khenkin Sergey
Published: August 2020

The article examines the crisis of representative democracy in Spain, which is characterized by the growth of the population’s critical attitudes towards politicians and political institutions and the decline of the latter’s inﬂuence. Special attention is given to the reorganization of the party system, manifesting in the weakening of traditional parties’ inﬂuence and strengthening of newcomer parties challenging old elites. Political modernization is not a straightforward process, and can yield results diﬀerent from the initiators’ expectations
IBERO-AMERICAN DIRECTION OF THE EXTERNAL POLICY OF THE PEOPLE’S PARTY (2011-2017)
Authors: Anikeeva Natalya
Published: August 2020

The article notes that the main vector of the foreign policy activity of the People’s Party Government is still relations with Latin America. Despite certain difﬁculties that arise in Spain’s relations with some of the countries of the region during the rule of the People’s Party of M. Rajoy, the line continues to strengthen bilateral cooperation with Latin American countries.
The idiomatic amplitude of Spain: Paradise or Averno if it is used politically?
Authors: Manso Vergara Javier
Published: August 2020

Nowadays, in Spain, the use of the regional co-ofﬁcial languages as a barrier and linguistic weapon is supporting the idea of independence of some autonomous communities and to the detriment of the rest of the spaniards. We speak about a brief immersion in this topic, even quoting verses of the Bible, for an explication of the use of language as a political weapon and the damages it makes.
They called him the «golden pen» of Spain
Authors: Silin Andrey
Published: August 2020

The article, written as literary and historical essay, is dedicated to the destiny of the talented writer and journalist Mariano José de Larra, who left the brightest trace in the history and culture of Spanish society of the nineteenth century.
Learning Spanish: The best-sellers for home reading classes
Authors: Korzhukova Elena
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the learning material for such kind of classes in non-linguistic University as home reading. Best-sellers are considered to be suitable literary material for these purposes. The objective of the study is to prove the inaccuracy of the traditional point of view that defends the so-called canonical texts (classics) as the only basis for learning foreign languages. A separate issue here is the specific nature of the Moscow State University for International Relations that specify the sources for reading in the foreign language when they can differ from those of other universities. On the other hand, student motivation stands out as one of the key points when choosing reading material.

Taking examples from the novels of the Spanish authors Arturo Pérez-Reverte and Eduardo Mendoza, we expose their didactic usefulness as they represent cultural, historical and linguistic interest, despite all the pessimism on the subject of the advocates of pure classical literature, the artistic value of which is certainly indisputable.

In conclusion we advocate the wider use of high-quality best-selling books to teach the Spanish language in home reading classes.
Juan Mayorga, spanish dramaturgist, national theatre premium
Authors: Fernández Alicia González
Published: August 2020

A playwright just like cartographe, cannot be neutral. Cartographer’s job consists in looking, selecting and representing on a map. A playwright does the same: looks, selects what to talk about and represents it on the stage.
Methods of teaching the language of profession (on the example of the manual “The Spanish language for Economists of Ecology”)
Authors: Tsarapkina Yulia
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of the methodology of professionally oriented teaching of the Spanish language on the material of a manual intended for senior students of the bachelor’s degree studying at the faculty of «Applied Economics and Commerce» in the field of preparation “Ecology and Nature Management”.
Energy cooperation between Russia and Latin America in the 21 century: Evidence from the activity of «Power Machines PJSC» in Argentina and Brazil
Authors: Samsonov Mikhail
Published: August 2020

The paper analyzes the activity of the Russian company «Power Machines PJSC» in Argentina and Brazil as an example of the Russian – Latin American energy cooperation in the 21st century. In this work, the chronology of the Russian company’s activity in the aforementioned Latin American countries has been established, with the relevant statistical data being provided as well. The strengths and weaknesses of the Russian company in review are also determined in the course of this work, with the current state of the Latin American energy market being taken into consideration. In the concluding part of the article, several case scenarios regarding the future of «Power Machines PJSC» in Argentina and Brazil are presented.

In the course of this paper, the following methods of research have been used: the historical method, the comparative method and the tabular method. The SWOT analysis method was also used.

The research has found that while «Power Machines PJSC» has proven to be a reliable supplier of equipment for the power plants in Argentina and Brazil (and will likely continue to function as such in the medium term), its future largely depends on whether Argentina and Brazil make the shift towards the renewable energy or the nuclear energy.
Oral poetry of the Andes and Amazonia
Authors: Espino Relucé Gonzalo
Published: August 2020

In the essay I propose to give an account of an ancestral corpus, although new in its outline, since it involves the appearance of the indigenous as a subject of enunciation. I will stop at the abduction of writing as a new process and I propose to focus our attention on the word-voice that is not reduced to the wordletter steed. This does not require alphabetic writing, we find it in various forms and it allows us to express what a culture wants to transmit: I think of the kené [1], expressions of the Shipibo-conibo design or the payllay among the Quechua that explains that they want to communicate, amen of the still indecipherable quipus [2] Andean [3]. These same can be found in facial designs, without forgetting that the body itself is a form of language. The lecture that I will do implies the presence of several systems. I suggest that the current corpus of indigenous literatures accounts for an oral poetics that explains them, rooted in the updated memory of the ancestors and expressed in their activities (daily, traditional, rituals, cycles and seasonal periods, etc.). I support it in the people-culture pair that is based on history and accounts for a demonstration, whose historical reference will be the “long duration”. It is not reduced, therefore, to the candid writing/orality opposition, but to a dynamic relationship between word-voice, brand, sign or trace, body designs, etc. These poetics correspond to the domain of the word, so the orality of which we speak involves the continuity of an expression that writing does not always show in its linear capture, with respect to the autonomy and the confluence of the different forms that are produced in the event. True, they are accusing a new scenario that has to do with the modern abduction of writing. In the same sense, I will dwell on the logic of violence that embodied the presence of the old stranger (conqueror, Spanish or Portuguese) who now lives in that colonized mixture of our being. At the same time, it implies a look with respect to the European ego that constitutes the disseminator of modernity. Impossible to explain it, if we do not include in our agenda a reflection on territory and dispossession.
Gaucho and huaso as key concepts in the Argentine and Chilean world
Authors: Romanova Galina
Published: August 2020

The theme of the article is framed in one of the main areas of modern linguistic research- a historical-cultural approach in the semantic studies of the lexicon. The national varieties of the Spanish language, given their undoubted unity, present distinctive characteristics, rooted in the distant historical past and, nevertheless, the chronotopic factors continue determining the semantic destinies of the words coming, etymologically, from the same roots. Gaucho and huaso, having developed from the same original sources, came to denote similar figures of rural life in Argentina and Chile, respectively. But the evaluative components, the use and, even, the graph, have been modified with the passage of time, and the voices continue their divergent course, despite the fact that globalization and market laws force them to play image roles in order to sell the “country brand” better.
Strategies for the formation of reading comprehension in teaching of the language (Primary, Secondary, Superior)
Authors: Lisíchkina Alexandra
Published: August 2020

The article is concerned with the importance of the using of texts in the process of studying of foreign languages. The article gives an analysis of exercises for the texts. Attention is given to the differences between the exercises we use in the Russian and in the Spanish education systems.
Change strategy in Spain: Ciudadanos vs Podemos
Authors: Kryukova E. , Slivchikova Yu.
Published: August 2020

The article sets out to analyze the changing political reality in Spain perturbed by such emerged parties as Podemos and Ciudadanos. While the first one appeared riding on the wave of the massive protests of the «indignant» caused by consequences of the economic crisis and was organized around the populist strategy, the second one was created initially to defend the rights of the Spanish people in Cataluña and gaining popularity grew from the regional party into the national one. The fact that these two young parties could win so fast the credibility of the citizens shows the weakness of the existing Spanish bipolar political system. The authors pretend to compare the programs of both parties and try to predict their possible influence on the political, social and economic situation in Spain.
Basque separatism vs Catalan independence movement: socio-cultural aspects
Authors: Kovalchuk M.
Published: August 2020

The current situation in Spain is characterized by the confrontation of two movements known as «independence movement» and «separatism». Both the Basque region and Catalonia have their own language, culture and a long history of the development of isolation tendencies. However, the objectives and the ways to achieve them have been different for a long time. In order to preserve the sociocultural unity of Spain it is necessary to eliminate the factors that that prevent people from finding the solution to the conflict, and the most important thing is to initiate dialogue, reach a compromise and be ready to stand by the words. It is difficult to imagine that any part will be separated from Spain from the economic point of view and, above all, socio-cultural, because the majority of Spanish population considers Spain as a strong and united State.
A long way to Russia: Agustín de Betancourt
Authors: Volosyuk O. , Bullón Concepción Camarero
Published: August 2020

A lot has been written about Agustín de Betancourt, his life in Russia, his contribution to the architecture, construction and organization of the transport system in the Russian Empire, as well as his life, his training and his professional career in Spain. However, little is known about when, how and why he makes the decision to leave his country permanently and settle in Russia. According to the documentation found in both Russian and Spanish archives, it has been shown that it is the Russian ambassador to Spain, Ivan Muravyov-Apostol, who, shortly after his arrival in Spain, at the end of 1803, after personally meeting Betancourt, proposes its contract to Saint Petersburg. Once the approval is obtained, the proposal is transferred. Also, the discrepancies between Manuel Godoy and Betancourt are studied in detail for the work of channeling the Genil river and the intervention in Soto de Roma, Royal Site owned by the minister, which marked the deterioration of the relations between both and took the engineer to consider, negotiate and accept the offer to settle in Russia. Both facts are studied within the framework of his professional career in Spain.
Etymological curiosities or words are the key to the world
Authors: Larionova M.
Published: August 2020

In languages with a long and rich history, like Spanish, we get in touch with the words and expressions that are in the mouth from the earliest times, as well as with those that have just emerged and integrated the vocabulary. However, it is necessary to realize that knowing the history of the words that contain a deep cognitive experience, accumulated by generations of people who share the linguistic habits and the same history, and understanding its original meaning and its use, allows to preserve the language and the culture.
Some semantic aspects of Spanish verbs used in the syntactic constructions describing the peculiar properties of a person’s emotional life
Authors: Mikheeva N.
Published: August 2020

This article is dedicated to investigation of the verbs used in the syntactic constructions describing the influence that a person has on emotions he experiences. These constructions show that the subject of emotion tends to experience some emotion that is usually positive o he is already experiencing it but tries to control this emotion o feeling and influences over it in order to continue to experience it in  future in case of positive emotions or, on the contrary, stop experiencing it in case of negative emotions. The main components of these structures are a predicate name of emotions, which designates positive and negative emotions and a verb the semantic meaning of which conveys the way the subject of emotion influences this emotion o feeling in order to begin to experience it or to extend its existence, or that it has ceased to exist in this subject. The aim of this study is to analyze the semantic features of verbs, which are used with the predicate names of emotions in the above semantic constructions and to reveal the character of expression of emotions and emotional life of a person.

Spanish has a large number of verbs used in syntactic constructions to express the idea of control that a person exercises over his emotions and feelings. The analyzed constructions show that the subject of emotions plays an active role, and emotions are passive because they depend on the will of the subject. The analyzed constructions demonstrate the richness of linguistic means, in general, and of verbs used metaphorically, in particular, which a person uses to describe the possibilities of controlling his emotional state and the processes of his emotional and spiritual life.
Grammar category of modality in Spanish: cognitive bases
Authors: Ursul C.
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the grammar category of modality in the structure of modern Spanish. The author aims to analyze the structural organization of the grammar category of modality in the Spanish language and to reveal its cognitive bases in order to form a schematic representation of this category, which in the future will allow, first of all, to solve the problem of the number of moods in modern Spanish, and also to avoid some mistakes when translating sentences from Russian into Spanish, and from Spanish into Russian as well. The usage of a functionalsemantic approach helps to analyze in details the structure of the grammar category of modality in the language and to educe its conceptual bases. Within a framework of the study the author introduces the term “field of time”. The “field of time” refers to the mentality, while the grammar category of time - to a language. The correlation of these terms facilitates to visualize the connection of the way of thinking with a language and to separate three different moods in the Spanish language, that are el Indicativo, el Subjuntivo, el Imperativo.
Semantic and functional characteristics of Latin American political discourse (a case of El Informador)
Authors: Iakovenko I.
Published: August 2020

The research focuses on semantic and functional peculiarities of lexemes libertad, igualdad, justicia, lucha, poder serving to verbalize key concepts of Latin American political discourse and, in particular, the influential Mexican diary El Informador. The investigation is based on the semasiological approach realized in the componential analysis and the semantic-cognitive approach carried out in the conceptual analysis method. The main objectives of the research are: 1)to investigate the semantic structure of the selected units, identify their semes that are regularly implemented in the political discourse; 2)to look for distinctive concepts verbalized by these lexemes; 3) to reveal correspondences between the semes and the concepts studied. The results of the investigation allow us to specify the semantic of the lexemes in the political discourse and justify the use of two fundamentally different approaches for the analysis of the lexical units.
The phenomenon of the VOX party in the context of national and cultural development of Spain
Authors: Kozhanovsky A.
Published: August 2020

The article discusses the last electoral successes of “Vox” (Spanish right-wing conservative party) whose achievement came as a surprise to most analysts. The author of the article considers “Vox” phenomenon from the point of view of national and cultural processes in post-Franco Spain. He thinks it possible to see here among other things the reaction of part of Spanish society to the “identity crisis” which they are now experiencing.
Modern vision of Roman Jakobson’s classical theory of indexical symbols
Authors: Voronova A.
Published: August 2020

Despite active implementing of Roman Jakobson’s classical term «indexical symbol» relating to pronouns, the analysis of Charles Pierce’s theory, which is the pillar of Jakobson’s ideas, puts this term in doubt. As Pierce’s works have defined approaches to any language research so far, their study is relevant due to the growing role of communication.

The Theoretical Background of this article is Pierce’s theory of signs, the statements of which are conferred with Jakobson’s ideas using analytical-comparative method.

The Study Procedure includes exposition and analysis of Jakobson’s theory five statements.

The Study Results are the substantiation of their nonderivability from Pierce’s theory considering modern scientific knowledge logic.

1,4. Pronouns are linked to the object denoted conventionally and existentially, so they are indexical symbols.

The objects of pronouns and nouns (symbols) are different. Unlike a noun a pronoun doesn’t denote a class of things.

Index existential relation doesn’t combine with conventional and ontological symbol relations, creating instead of relations between a sign and an object a vector of attention focusing on a real object having concrete coordinates as incentive to revise a symbol ontological aspect.

2. «I» means «person uttering «I».

It’s true from the viewpoint of the other person denoting an uttering person as «he/she». If we consider «I» to be a symbol, a person denoting himself/herself like «I», opposes to himself/herself himself/herself as a person whom he/she can denote like «he/she», which is logically inacceptable. And the evident «neighborhood» of Index and Symbol and the latent presence of Symbol in the evident Index are impossible in Pierce’s system.

3. Any shifter has its own general meaning.

According to Pierce, Indexes have a general meaning, but Symbols have a general meaning and a general concept.

5. Indexical symbols overlap code and message.

In Jakobson’s theory a code is a sign system, so a pronoun can be any sign. Summarizing, by contrast with Jakobson’s theory of «indexical symbol», Pierce’s ideas allow distinguishing symbol and index considering their objects and character of their relation with objects and define peculiarities of symbol and index interaction in language and speech, so they seem promising for studying a sign nature of pronouns.
Israel Continues to Expand Its Settlements
Authors: Krylov A.
Published: August 2020

This article provides a detailed analysis of the new trends of development of Israeli settlements in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem and the Jordan Valley, the Gaza Strip, and the Golan Heights. Since 1967, Israel has established about 150 settlements in the West Bank in addition to some 100 «outposts» or illegal settlements without Israeli official authorization. Now the settler population has estimated at over 520,000; the annual average rate of growth during the past decade was 5.3%, compared to 1.8% for the Israeli population as whole. As is known, after the Annapolis Conference held on 27 November 2007 Israel under the pressure from the international community announced officially not to create new settlements. But the Israeli authorities are now actively expanding in the occupied Palestinian territory, «border zones» or «buffer zones» in order to confiscate Palestinian land between the separation fence and the Palestinian communities located at a sufficient distance away from the wall.

This study reveals the new forms and methods, aims and objectives of the Israeli official settlement policy and indicates a negative influence of the settlement factor on the Israeli-Palestinian negotiating process, political and socio-economic situation in the Middle East. The author do not exclude the possibility that if the political decision based on the principle of coexistence of two States not be achieved in the nearest future we may see soon on the map of the West Bank some Palestinian enclaves completely isolated like the Gaza Strip now. It is obvious that in the Jordan Valley and another parts of «zone C» Israel aims to do that it did in the area, where the block of settlements Maale Adumim is located, which Israeli politicians now consider an integral part of the territory of the State of Israel.
Circassians in USSR and Their Ties with the Diasporas Abroad
Authors: Eshba E. D.
Published: August 2020

The proposed article is devoted to issues related to the position of the Circassians in the Soviet Union and their relations with compatriots abroad. Special attention is paid to the activities of the Association for Relations with Compatriots Abroad “Homeland”, by which the first contacts were established and which provided communication between people living in Northwest Caucasus and Circassian Diaspora in Turkey and Arab countries. After the collapse of the USSR Association’s activities significantly decreased, but it certainly managed to make an important contribution to the maintenance of ethno-cultural identity of foreign Circassians and development of good relations between the USSR and the Middle East.
Dmitry Mezentsev
Authors: Mezentsev D.
Published: August 2020

Dmitry Mezentsev, Secretary General, Shanghai Cooperation Organization.
Anatoly Torkunov
Authors: Torkunov A.
Published: August 2020

Anatoly Torkunov.
Aziz Rasulov
Authors: Rasulov A.
Published: August 2020

Aziz Rasulov.
On SCO and EAEU Cooperation
Authors: Xin Li.
Published: August 2020

The paper discusses in detail general prospects and concrete routes of expansion of economic, financial, investment cooperation within SCO, in the author’s opinion this organization should become the main platform for construction of Silk Road Economic Belt.
Interregional Cooperation in SCO format: Outcomes and Potential for the Novosibirsk Region
Authors: Sannikov S.
Published: August 2020

The paper deals with regional cooperation of Novosibirsk region and city of Novosibirsk with SCO countries. The rich scientific, technical and educational potential as well as its geographical position can be considered as optimal place for all sorts of activities within SCO. Submitted for experts’ consideration are various proposals.
SCO Youth Cooperation Projects
Authors: Zolochevsky V.
Published: August 2020

The paper provides the examples of some big-scale events held in Russia within the framework of SCO Youth Council, the story is followed by discussion how to improve the work of youth public organizations.
Educational and Cultural Projects of SCO in Novosibirsk State Technical University: Results and Perspectives
Authors: Tsoy E.
Published: August 2020

The paper describes in detail the experience of international cooperation in Novosibirsk state technical university, mentioning the factors hindering implementation of new educational programs of exchange with China, cultural and educational projects of the university in SCO countries.
SCO in the System of Eurasian Regional Organizations
Authors: Safranchuk I.
Published: August 2020

The paper describes substantial differences between EAUA and Economic Belt of Silk Road, as well as SCO role in the process of political dialogue in Eurasia, its character as a discussion club, the platform of most important political initiatives and real actions able to provide the political unity in SCO.
Challenges and Threats of the Global Information Society
Authors: Zinovieva E.
Published: August 2020

The article investigates the challenges and risks to international security arising from the development of the global information society. The basic trends of the global information society development are analyzed, as well as theoretical approaches to the theory of information society. The author also assesses the impact of the global information society development on the world politics. The paper examines the main challenges, risks and threats arising from the development of the global information society, as well as the prospects for international cooperation in the field of international information security.
Central Asia: A Comprehensive Crisis and Scenarios for the Future
Authors: Kazantsev A.
Published: August 2020

The paper suggests a systemic analysis of the perspectives of development of situation in Post-Soviet Central Asia. Interconnection between the tendencies in different spheres (political, economic, military, social and demographic) is analyzed. The author ascertain the fact of complex and multilateral crisis and also states high degree of uncertainty of further development of regional situation, which is indicated by a great variability of scenarios of further development. The analysis is fulfilled both in short- and long-term perspectives. The study is carried out in two steps: for each of temporal perspectives respective drivers that presently exist are selected. Also, potential qualitative discontinuities that can lead to principal changes of situation are defined within scenario analysis.
Foreword by Andrey Krutskih, Special Representative of the President of Russia for international cooperation in the field of information security, Ambassador-at-Large, PhD in History
Authors: Krutskih A.
Published: August 2020

Foreword by Andrey Krutskih, Special Representative of the President of Russia for international cooperation in the field of information security, Ambassador-at-Large, PhD in History.
The Cooperation of Russia and China in Central Asia
Authors: Safranchuk I.
Published: August 2020

This article is devoted to the cooperation of Russia and China in Central Asia. The article studies the options for agreed implementation of Russia-sponsored Eurasian Economic Union and China-sponsored Economic belt of Silk Road.
Image Creation: How China Can Gain a Foothold in Central Asia
Authors: Huasheng Z.
Published: August 2020

Economic cooperation between China and Central Asia is developing successfully, though some unforeseen difficulties emerged in the process of regional integration. The main problem China faces currently is its image factor i.e. the problem of perception of China by the countries and peoples of Central Asia. The main task of China in the construction of Silk Road Economic Belt in the region is to improve and enrich its image and all its components.
The New Line of the European Union in Migration Domain: Emphases And Mechanisms
Authors: Sadykova L.
Published: August 2020

Article is devoted to complex research of new mechanisms of the European migration policy which underwent essential changes in process of increase of migratory streams. Now its main components are strengthening of measures against illegal migration, support of legal migration (in particular, simplification of entrance for highly qualified specialists), integration of already arrived migrants into West European society. Though migration policy is still one of the cornerstones of the general foreign policy of EU countries, legal regulation of illegal migration still fully doesn’t answer modern realities.
The reinforcement of NATO at the Eastern borders of the alliance and prospects for its expansion northward
Authors: Nikitin A.
Published: August 2020

In the context of developing crisis in Russian-Western relations and as a reaction towards events in Ukraine the NATO undertakes significant and multi-dimensional increase of its military arsenals and contingents on the eastern borders of the Alliance. Measures of strengthening the military potential involve Baltic states, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria. Necessity to finally withdraw from limitations imposed by RussiaNATO Founding Act are under debates. Simultaneously involvement of northern neutral states (Sweden, Finland) into the Alliance is activated. At the same time, analysis of political statements of the leadership of northern neutral countries does not yet confirm their intention to refuse from neutral status.
The evolution of Russia – NATO relations in 2014-2015 and in short-term prospect
Authors: Petrov K.
Published: August 2020

The article focuses on the relations between Russia and NATO against the background of a tense international situation. We pay attention to the consequences of the decisions taken at the summit in Wales in 2014, in particular, increasing of national defense expenditures. The duality in NATO’s approach towards Russia is maintained. Some NATO countries want to resume political dialogue with Russia, as they believe that this will contribute to the peace and security in Europe. By contrast, another group of NATO members, mainly the new ones from Eastern Europe, insist on a full freeze of the dialogue. They want NATO to serve the only goal - to contain and deter Russia. The final choice of the vector will depend on the implementation of the Minsk agreements designed to stop the bloodshed in the East of Ukraine.
Thoughts on Sunni-Shiite contradictions
Authors: Popov V.
Published: August 2020

Sunni and Shiite disagreements are incited, first of all, by the Western countries to keep control over the situation in the region. It is an example of exploitation of a religious factor in the political goals.
Euro-Asian Transport Corridors and the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Mekhdiev E. T.
Published: August 2020

The article deals with international transport corridors linking Asia and Europe both through the territory of the EEU, and bypassing the Union. The author analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of existing and emerging routes, taking into account the interests of Russia. A special attention is paid to China and its initiatives in the transport and logistics sphere. In conclusion, the author notes that ensuring the attractiveness of the Euro-Asian transport corridors passing through the territory of the EEU requires a set of measures aimed at creating favorable conditions for transit.
Prospects for Interaction between Tajikistan and the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Kazantsev A. A. , Gusev L. Y.
Published: August 2020

The article discusses the potential entry of Tajikistan into the Eurasian Economic Union. The strategically important position of this country at the crossroads of trade routes between Central Asia, East and South Asia is mentioned among important arguments for this entry. Besides, the Republic possesses unique reserves of natural resources, including such strategically important ones as gold, silver, uranium and rare-earth metals. Tajikistan has a huge but inadequately used hydropotential. The author points out the advantages of such an entry for political, economic and military spheres of Tajikistan, as well as the possible specialization of the country within the Union. At the same time, the problems facing the country on the way to joining the Eurasian Economic Union are also discussed. Most importantly, Tajikistan does not want to lose the “freedom of maneuver” within its multi-vector foreign policy in the situation, when there is a growing conflict between the great states.
Five Connectivity Areas of the China's Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Chubarov I.
Published: August 2020

The article strives to go beyond the common understanding of China's BRI strategy as a set of Eurasian logistics corridors and related investment and transportation projects. Scrutinizing the five integration areas (wu tong), namely foreign policy, infrastructure, trade & economic, financial and humanitarian, one can come to the conclusion that it is a set of activities to support the "going out" of the Chinese commercial firms to the leading positions in various sectors of the world economy. Climbing up the value chain by the "national champions" is a necessary condition for China's entrance to the center of the world economy. The arena of action is the periphery and semi-periphery (so called "countries along the belt and road"), where China is gradually pushing out corporations of developed countries.

In addition, the strengthening of China's status in the eyes of the international community and the formation of the image of a great power hold independent importance for the people and leadership. Assessing BRI as the next natural stage of China's foreign economic openness policy at the new stage of globalization and at the same time as a self-valuable tool for restoring the country's prestige on the world stage allows more accurate evaluate Chinese intentions in joint projects.
The Union State of Russia and Belarus: Equal Rights for Citizens – The Solved and Demanding Questions
Authors: Borishpolets Ksenija
Published: August 2020

One of the main tasks of the Russia-Belorussian integration is to secure the rights of Russian as well as Belorussian people as citizens of Common State. As of now, both states have developed unified regulatory environment in social and labor legislation. However, normative and law-enforcement practice in some other lines of Russian-Belorussian cooperation in humanitarian sphere stands behind from intensified bilateral cooperation. In this respect there were the problems outlined and additional steps undertaken on enhancing of dedicated provisions of Founders Agreement of Common State (1999). Joint work of both parties on securing the equal rights in the Common State continues at the parliamentary, ministry, agency and municipal level are discussed. The close interaction level between Russia and Belorussia allows solving positively wide range of questions, related to the human dimension of the Russian-Belorussian integration.
The Activities of the Caucasian Workshop (July to December, 2018)
Authors: Volchonskij M. A. , Muchanov V. M. , Yarlykapov A. A.
Published: August 2020

The Activities of the Caucasian Workshop (July to December, 2018).
“Political Portraits of Near and Middle East Personalities”
Authors: Zinin Yuri
Published: August 2020

“Political Portraits of Near and Middle East Personalities”.
The Evolution of the Concept of War in the Modern World (Some Considerations Inspired by Mary Kaldor’s Book)
Authors: Shanchenko E.
Published: August 2020

The paper presents some considerations, partly polemic, inspired by Mary Kaldor’s book New and Old Wars. For this end, a brief comparative analysis is suggested of large-scale wars of the past (starting from the17th and with particular attention to the end of the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries), on the one hand, and the so called “new wars”, on the other. The concept of “war” has been actual permanently, but it underwent changes, the most serious of them took place at the beginning and in the middle of the 20st century. However, the current political situation on the world scene shows that the conflicts of the globalization era differ considerably from those of previous centuries which were mainly conducted according to the generally adopted “rules of war” considered now as classical.

The substantial role in modern violent collisions is played by a conflict of identities which was not so important when wars were conducted mainly between national states. Unlike conflicts of the previous centuries, the military confrontations of today may occur not only between states, but also inside the single country, where different groups of participants are pursuing their own goals in frameworks of identity policy. The traditional notion of civil war is not enough to cover this variety. Due to the global nature of the modern conflicts and involvement of the variety of participants, the conflict resolution seems to be more complicated than ever. Moreover, the identity factor has become an effective tool for different parties of the conflict who tend to use it at their own convenience. Consequently, resolution of modern violent conflicts, wherever they develop, demands contemporary and often non-trivial solutions, as well as close attention of the global community. 

The author believes that to resolve modern conflicts effectively, the world society should create a unified and comprehensive definition of the concept of “war” as well as invent new ways of the conflict solution taking into consideration, among other things, the diverse dynamics of globalization processes.