bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution limits of forest-dwelling small mammals (Eulipotyphla, Rodentia) in the Crimean Mountains
Authors:   Crimean Republican Sanitary and Epidemiological Station (Simferopol, AR Crimea), Evstafiev Igor
Published: May 2022

Concluding data on distribution limits of small mammals that have isolated geographic ranges in the montane forest zone of the Crimean Peninsula are presented. The analysis is based on data collected for forty years of mammal research in the Crimea, with a total sampling effort of 600 000 trap-nights and more than 63 000 trapped specimens of small mammals. The article considers the geographic range of two insectivore species of the family Soricidae (Neomys anomalus and Sorex pusillus) and three rodent species that belong to the families Muridae (Sylvaemus tauricus and S. uralensis) and Cricetidae (Microtus obscurus). These are forest-dwelling species that find food, shelter and other favourable conditions necessary for full and permanent existence of their populations in forest communities. This group of Micromammalia is of the greatest interest from the viewpoint of zoogeography and evolution since they have been geographically isolated from their main range for thousands of years. Their gene pool therefore preserved both ancestral genetic material and new alleles that have been amassed during the entire period of isolation and have been filtered by natural selection. Range boundaries of these species have been affected by various environmental components that have been acting as main limiting factors. These are hydroclimatic factors (humidity and moisture that determine meso- and microclimatic parameters of biotopes), floristic factors (dominating flora composition that determine trophic and topic features of local animal populations), and landscape and edaphic factors. Neomys anomalus and Sorex pusillus are stenotopic and hygrophilous species that inhabit the wettest biotopes of mountain forests of the Crimea thus they have the smallest geographic ranges. The geographic range of Sylvaemus tauricus is wider and is related to the distribution of oak-beach forests. The species Sylvaemus uralensis and Microtus obscurus are the most eurytopic and their geographic range expands even to the Crimean Lowland in a north-eastern direction. Natural and climatic conditions that are present in the montane and piedmont zones are optimal for the species S. uralensis and M. obscurus, which are thus abundant and dominating here among small mammals.
The first record of a maternity colony of Kuhl’s pipistrelle Pipistrellus kuhlii (Chiroptera) in Poland
Authors:   Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Science (Kraków, Poland), Postawa Tomasz , Marchewka Anna ,   Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Science (Kraków, Poland)
Published: May 2022

For four decades, there have been changes in the ranges of many bat species in Europe, particularly shifts in their northern limits. This phenomenon is more spectacular for migratory species than sedentary ones, especially for representatives of the genera Pipistrellus and Hypsugo. Kuhl’s pipistrelle Pipistrellus kuhlii (Kuhl, 1817) is the one of western Palaearctic bat species with conspicuous range expansion—in the last three decades, the species has rapidly expanded and colonised new territories both northwards and westwards. In Central Europe, two genetic lineages occur that are also quite different morphologically: P. kuhlii kuhlii (hereafter P. kuhlii) and P. kuhlii lepidus (hereafter P. lepidus). The contact zone between these two lineages passes through Hungary and Slovakia, although the real range of distinct lineages and/or morphotypes are still unclear. The first records of P. kuhlii from Poland (probably belonging to P. lepidus) come from Warszawa, central Poland (2004) and Zawiercie, southern Poland (2005): both specimens were males, found in December in buildings. Since then, there have been further reports of the presence of this species in Poland—occurring mostly in large cities along the valleys of large rivers such as the Wisła and Bug, from both periods of activity and hibernation. In subsequent years in Poland the occurrence of only P. lepidus has been confirmed, while P. kuhlii has been recorded from southern locations in the Carpathian Mountains in Slovakia. This paper describes the first record of this species from Poland, further indicating the existence of a maternity colony. In mid-July of 2020, a non-volant juvenile male was found in Kraków, Krowodrza district (50°04'11.7" N, 19°54'55.9" E). Initially poorly visible diagnostic features have become unambiguous with development and similar to those in P. kuhlii: narrow pale wing margin and orange penis colouration. After about two months in captivity, a mature individual capable of flying was released at the site where it was found. The presence of a maternity colony indicates that this species (i) has been part of the Polish fauna for several years, and (ii) its range in Poland possibly expands much further north.
Organization of observations near underground shelters of burrowing carnivorans: a comparison of different methods
Authors:   Tuzlivski Lymany National Nature Park (Tatarbunary, Ukraine), Brusentsova Nataliia ,   Slobozhanskyi National Nature Park (Krasnokutsk, Ukraine), Yarotskyi Volodymyr ,   Kreminski Lisy National Nature Park (Kreminna, Ukraine)
Published: May 2022

Observations near the burrows gives rich material on the biology, intraspecific and interspecific interactions, and individual behaviour of animals. In our work, we considered four methods of observation (visual observations, visual observations with photo-fixation, video surveillance, and camera trapping) of burrowing carnivorans near their underground shelters. The research was conducted in spring and summer in different years in the period from 2004 to 2021 in open and forest habitats near burrows of badgers (Meles meles Linnaeus, 1758) and foxes (Vulpes vulpes Linnaeus, 1758).Visual observations are always associated with the presence of humans near the underground shelter of burrowing carnivorans for a long period of time. The researcher can be present only at one burrow at a time. The advantages of this method are that it is simple, cheap and allows for observing not only the burrow, but also the surrounding area. Complementing the data of visual observations with photographs largely increases their scientific value and informativeness. The use of camera traps minimizes human impact on animal behaviour, covers more underground shelters (depending on the number of devices) and collects more concentrated material than other methods. Camera trapping and video surveillance is also more convenient for the researcher, especially during the round-the-clock collection of data. This method however requires significant material costs and time to review and sort materials before data analysis. Data collection is limited to the working area of devices that do not always have time to capture animals when they pass very quickly. It is important under different environmental conditions to choose the optimal method of observation in order to study the animals effectively. In open biotopes during the organization of observations, there are difficulties with the installation of photo- and video equipment and its camouflage. In our opinion, the method of visual observations with photo-fixation remains relevant in conducting research near underground shelters of burrowing carnivorans under such conditions. The method of camera trapping is optimal for forest biotopes.
Composition of winter aggregations of bats (Chiroptera) in cave-type shelters in the Middle Dnister region (census of 2021)
Authors:   Dnistrovsky Canyon National Nature Park (Zalischyky, Ukraine), Vikyrchak Oleksandr , Ploshchanskyi Petro ,   Dnistrovsky Canyon National Nature Park (Zalischyky, Ukraine), Bachynsky Andriy ,   Dnistrovsky Canyon National Nature Park (Zalischyky, Ukraine), Mykytiuk Tetiana ,   Dnistrovsky Canyon National Nature Park (Zalischyky, Ukraine)
Published: May 2022

In 2021, the authors, with the assistance of speleological clubs, conducted winter surveys of bats in underground cavities of in the Ternopil part of the Middle Dnister Region. Twenty wintering shelters of different origin and size were inspected, of which ten are described for the first time. A total of 2573 individuals of 6 species were recorded. The most abundant species (92.84%) was Rhinolophus hipposideros. The most noticeable accumulations of this species were found in the caves Kryshtaleva, Vitrova, Verteba, Yuvileyna, and Ozerna. The second most abundant species was Myotis myotis. A total of 134 individuals of this species were found, which is 5.2% of the total number of recorded bats. On the third place were Myotis daubentonii (1.1%) and Plecotus auritus (0.7%), which were found in five shelters each, albeit in small numbers. The largest number of bats was found in Kryshtaleva Cave—1188 individuals belonging to 2 species. Several hundred individuals were found during the winter in the caves Verteba and Vitrova, and more than a hundred in the caves Khomach, Juvyleyna, and Ozerna. The highest species richness was recorded in the caves Ugryn, Teklivska, and Mlynky (four species in each). There have been no noticeable changes in the abundance and species composition of bats during the winter in the underground cavities of the studied region since 2019 (at the time of preliminary surveys). It is possible to trace an increase in the abundance of Rhinolophus hipposideros in Kryshtaleva Cave, of Myotis daubentonii in Ugryn Cave, and of Plecotus auritus in several shelters. This indicates that the mode of use of caves (for scientific and recreational purposes) does not prevent them from fulfilling the role of wintering shelters for this group of animals. The Ternopil part of the Middle Dnister Region is characterized by the absolute dominance of Rhinolophus hipposideros, whereas in the neighbouring Kamenets part of the region this species ranks second in abundance after Myotis myotis. Cold-tolerant species are much more common in the Kamianets-Podilskyi area. These differences are related to the different types of the most common wintering shelters in the region.
Characteristics of settlements of the northern mole vole (Ellobius talpinus) in the Kamianska Sich National Nature Park
Authors:   Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding (Mykolaiv, Ukraine), Nakonechny Igor V. , Skoryk Sergiy V. ,   Kamianska Sich National Nature Park (Beryslav, Ukraine), Khodosovtseva Yulia A. ,   Kamianska Sich National Nature Park (Beryslav, Ukraine)
Published: May 2022

Preserved and protected within the territory of the Kamyanska Sich National Nature Park areas of psammophytic steppe are natural habitats of the highly specialized and stenotopic northern mole vole Ellobius talpinus. Studies of recent settlements of the species have revealed their strong preference for slopes of riparian balkas and upper terraces of the Kamiansko-Mylivska section of the Kakhovka Reservoir covered with psammophytic vegetation. As places for colonies, these rodents definitely prefer dry loess-sandy soils of light composition, avoiding shrubbery and dense grass due to the danger of disguising in them flying and terrestrial predators. A total of 14 "living" colonies of the northern mole vole were registered, 9 of which were defined as small-family settlements (less than 100 m2). The other five colonies had a clearly multi-family structure and a large area (680–1720 m2), within which spatially isolated clusters of emissions were traced hypothetically perceived as separate family constructions (up to 270 m2). According to these landmarks, some large settlements contained 3 to 9 networks of family burrows located at a distance of 57 to 106 m. Five small uninhabited settlements (45–70 m2) were also recorded with signs of last year emissions. These settlements were located on the periphery of large colonies, 108–219 m far from the nearest emissions of "living" settlements. Estimates of the total number of inhabitants of the 14 "living" settlements in the territory of the Kamianska Sich National Nature Park range from 50 to 200 individuals. As of July 2021, the number of reproductive adults in the registered colonies of the species is 40–50, while the number of young of the current year of birth should be estimated at least 100–120 individuals. Colonies of the northern mole vole are characterized by the presence in their vicinities of spring ephemeroids such as T. hypanica, T. schrenkii, B. versicolor, and C. reticulatus, which are indicator species of primary virgin steppe biotopes. The results of surveys of northern mole vole colonies and ecological assessments of protected natural habitats of the Kamianska Sich National Nature Park provide grounds for a favourable prognosis of further preservation of the last range segment of the species in the territory of Right-Bank Ukraine.
Shrinkage of body size in rodents as a strategy of populations under anthropogenic conditions (results of 50 years of study of rodent populations)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Kyiv, Ukraine), Myakushko Stanislav
Published: May 2022

Based on results of 50 years of continuous observations of populations of the pine vole (Microtus subterraneus de Selys-Longchamps, 1836) and yellow-necked wood mouse (Sylvaemus flavicollis Melchior, 1834), the phenomenon of reducing body size of individuals was revealed, particularly a significant reduction in body dimensions and body mass. The research was conducted at the Kaniv Nature Reserve covering various stages of the local ecosystem's existence under anthropogenic impact. Four cycles of density dynamics of two populations are chosen for comparison of their characteristics. The first three cycles correspond to qualitatively different periods in the existence of the protected ecosystem and populations of the studied species, whereas the last cycle reflects the current situation. It has been established that the tendency to decrease body dimensions is also characteristic for other rodent species, its manifestations are observed for 35 years, and the scale gradually increases. By fatness indexes, individuals of the pine vole on average lose 23.3% and yellow-necked wood mice lose 16.7% of the former values. It was shown that the level of reduce in exterior parameters is always greater in females than in males, and in the group of breeding adults it can reach 32%. It has been found that the phenomenon also applies to juveniles, whose fatness decreases by an average of 21%. The phenomenon occurs against the background of violations of various aspects of population dynamics, which allows it to be associated with anthropogenic changes in the environment. It is suggested that shrinking can be realized by various mechanisms. First, as a result of mortality, the largest individuals and reproductive females with their greatest energy needs fall out of the population, and, second, the growth and weight gain of young animals is slower. As a result, the decrease in external parameters of individuals reduces their specific energy needs and allows them to better survive under adverse conditions. From these points of view, reducing body dimensions can be considered as a specific population strategy to maintain ecological balance.
The social vole Microtus socialis (Сricetidae, Rodentia) in the westernmost part of its geographic range
Authors:   Black Sea Biosphere Reserve, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Hola Prystan, Ukraine), Selyunina Zoya V. , Nitochko Maria I. ,   Black Sea Biosphere Reserve, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Hola Prystan, Ukraine)
Published: May 2022

According to the literature, there are several isolated range segments of Microtus socialis across the Palearctic, within which the distribution of the species has mosaic pattern. The westernmost range segment is located in the south of Ukraine covering steppe areas of the Crimea and southern Ukraine and stretching from the lower reaches of the Dnipro to Melitopol in the east and to Dnipro in the north. The social vole is represented in this centre of distribution by the subspecies Microtus socialis nikolajevi. The Yahorlyk Kut Peninsula in Kherson Oblast represents the westernmost edge of the subspecies’ range, where local conditions have practically remained in their natural state and the social vole (Microtus socialis) has a substantial population density. The Yahorlyk Kut Peninsula separates Yahorlyk Bay of the Black Sea from Tendra Bay. The western part of the peninsula (5540 ha) constitutes the ‘Yahorlyk Kut’ protected area of the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve, where steppe habitats have been partially preserved in their natural state in contrast to the area of the former bombing range, which was attached to the reserve in 1998, where the steppe has slightly transformed. This is the only area of typical halophytic wormwood–grass steppe that has avoided continuous ploughing and irrigation. The population density of M. socialis depends on the microrelief, hydrological conditions, and natural spring flooding. The disturbance of vegetation and soil cover due to fires and grazing disrupt the natural population dynamics of social voles. Recovery takes 2 to 3 years. After the cessation of the impact of hydrological, pyrogenic, or pascual factors, population density of the social vole in different habitats becomes balanced. Over 30 years, the population density of Microtus socialis ranged from 200 to 7000 ind./ha (on average 1800 ind./ha). The amplitude of fluctuations in the value of relative abundance in the periods between peaks is about 15 units. The cyclicity in population dynamics of the social vole in the Yahorlyk Kut Peninsula is 6–8 years. The dynamics of the number of social voles is determined by abiotic and biotic factors, which are also cyclical. Disturbances in the cyclicity of population dynamics can occur due to ‘force majeure’ situations of both natural and anthropogenic nature.
An improved joint non-negative matrix factorization for identifying surgical treatment timing of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Qi Guoqiang , Huang Shoujiang , Lai Dengming , Li Jing , Zhao Yonggen , Shen Chen , Huang Jian , Liu Tianmei , Wei Kai , Tou Jinfa , Shu Qiang , Yu Gang
Published: May 2022

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis is a severe neonatal intestinal disease. Timely identification of surgical indications is essential for newborns in order to seek the best time for treatment and improve prognosis. This paper attempts to establish an algorithm model based on multimodal clinical data to determine the features of surgical indications and construct an auxiliary diagnosis model. The proposed algorithm adds hypergraph constraints on the two modal data based on Joint Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (JNMF), aiming to mine the higher-order correlations of the two data features. In addition, the adjacency matrix of the two kinds of data is used as a network regularization constraint to prevent overfitting. Orthogonal and L1-norm regulations were introduced to avoid feature redundancy and perform feature selection, respectively, and confirmed 14 clinical features. Finally, we used three classifiers, random forest, support vector machine, and logistic regression, to perform binary classification of patients requiring surgery. The results show that when the features selected by the proposed algorithm model are classified by random forest, the area under the ROC curve is 0.8, which has high prediction accuracy.
Empirical Analysis of Motives for Intra-Group Lending in Russian Business Groups
Authors: Korotkova Yana
Published: May 2022

This study examines the factors behind the companies’ financial roles on the internal capital markets of Russian business groups. The main goal is to determine the driving motives for intra-group lending in Russia. To find relevant answers, we use logit- and ordered logit-models based on 2018–2020 panel data for 239 Russian joint stock companies representing 21 business groups. Considering the findings of prior studies on debt financing in business groups, we analyze the influence of company size and age, asset tangibility and profitability, leverage, liquidity, sales growth, and the cash-flow rights of controlling shareholders on the probability of a company being a provider (receiver) of intra-group loans.

The novelty of our findings is ensured by the use of data from the State Information Resource of Financial Accounts that were made publicly available in 2020, enabling us to significantly expand the set of companies under examination. The results of this empirical analysis reveal that internal capital markets of Russian business groups serve as a tool for fund reallocation from older and larger, but less capital-intensive and leveraged companies to smaller, more capital-intensive and leveraged members of the group. The findings demonstrate that the financing advantage motive for intra-group lending is currently predominant in the leading Russian business groups. Thus, Russian business groups use their internal capital markets asan alternative source of funds that alleviates the financing constraints of group members. In the context of continuing anti-Russian sanctions, the limited depth of the Russian financial market and a lack of “long” money in the economy, the research results can be useful for financial managers and policymakers seeking ways to enhance the financial security of group-affiliated companies.
Proteomic analysis of a copper mine isolated fungus Rhizopus microspores IOC 4686 when exposed to copper sulfate
Authors: Meriellen Dias , José Thalles Jocelino Gomes de Lacerda , Lidiane Maria Andrade , Claudio Augusto Oller do Nascimento , Enrique Eduardo Rozas , Maria Anita Mendes
Published: May 2022

The fungus Rhizopus microsporus, known for its absorption capacity for toxic metals was used to understand the green metal recovery via analysis of its physiology under metal stress conditions through proteomic methods. To investigate the effects of copper stress on fungus, R. microsporus IOC 4686, isolated from the mine environment, was exposed to copper ions (50mgL-1) for 48 h. This study was performed only on copper exposure. Tryptic and chymotryptic extracts of proteins were analyzed by nano- liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, identification was performed by PEAKS Studio 8.5. Proteins were classified according to their molecular function and biological process. Enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and cytochrome c peroxidase were found in the presence and absence of copper ions. However, only in presence of copper ions, was observed the presence of heat shock proteins (HPS 20, HPS 70, and HPS 78) and metalloproteins (GrpE protein homolog and cytochrome P450). These classes of proteins have been produced by cells in response to stress conditions. The control group (absence of copper ions) also presented antioxidant enzymes suggesting that the fungus isolated from the mine environment already has adapted to the copper. The presence of these proteins suggested a physiological response of R. microsporus IOC 4686 to oxidative stress induced by copper.
URBAN PLANT DIVERSITY POTENTIAL OF THE CEMETERIES AND THE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OFFERED: THE SAMPLE OF KAYSERİ CITY (ASRİ) CEMETERY
Authors: TIRNAKÇI Aslıhan
Published: May 2022

Cemeteries are one of the indispensable forms of land use in urban areas or in the city. Urban cemeteries are among the green infrastructure elements all over the world, and with the increasing urbanization, they play an important role for urban biodiversity conservation. Aim: In this study, the urban plant diversity potential of the cemeteries was investigated and the ecosystem services provided by the tree species used were discussed. In this context, Kayseri City Cemetery, which is the largest cemetery of the city, was chosen as the study area. Method: First of all, on-site observation and investigation were made and the current state of the cemetery area was revealed, and plants in the area were identified. Then, with the table created on the basis of the literature review the ecosystem services provided by the dominant tree species in the area have been determined. Findings: As a result of on-site observations and investigation carried out in the cemetery a total of 101 taxa, 53 of which were coniferous and broad-leaved trees / shrubs, were identified. The supplier, organizer, habitat and cultural ecosystem services provided by the 10 dominant tree species were examined under 5 main topic such as social, cultural, economic, aesthetic and ecological benefits. Results: The study area on the basis of tree species; it provides many important ecosystem services such as increasing cultural-historical and aesthetic value, biodiversity potential, regulating the urban climate, recreation, improving public health and psychology. As a result, it is necessary to make an inventory of the cemeteries, which are an important land use in urban areas both for the rotection of urban plant diversity and for the sustainability of biological diversity, on the basis of natural-cultural-endemic species and to demonstrate their ecological value.
A HOLISTIC VIEW OF POST OFFICE BUILDINGS IN ANKARA'S CHANGING FACE
Authors: DURGUN ŞAHİN Yelda
Published: May 2022

Communication network centre in Istanbul during the Imperial period, moved to capital Ankara thanks to establishment of T.B.M.M. and Republic of Turkey. In this study, from Empire to Republic of Turkey's modernization process, in the fields of reflection on architecture and urbanism is explored through the Ankara post office building in Ulus. Aim: The change and transformation of the post office buildings built in Ulus is handled from a holistic perspective without ignoring the multi-layered, changing and diversifying plural identities of the historical environment. Method: Based on literature and archive scanning, city plans, photographs and postcards are used as urban memory tools. These inventories allow visual, spatial and relational analysis to be made in defining the three post office buildings and their surroundings. Results: With this approach, which is discussed in the study, the breaking points that define the change and transformation processes of the post office buildings have been determined. The effects of the intangible and tangible qualities of the post office buildings and their surroundings on the spatial identity of the historical environment were determined. Conclusion: In the study, it has been observed that the structural losses experienced due to integrity negatively affect the continuity of the historical environment.
CLIMATE-RESPONSIVE ARCHITECTURE IN ESKISEHIR RURAL RESIDENTIAL AREA: THE CASE OF TURKMENTOKAT VILLAGE AND KARATEPE VILLAGE
Authors: AKIN GÜLER Gülşen , GÖKALTUN Emrah
Published: May 2022

Aim: This survey was conducted to examine the adaptability of Eskişehir's rural residential buildings to climate. Method: In the study, in line with the data obtained on the planning, architectural design, and details during the field studies in the Odunpazarı, Eskişehir district in Türkmentokat and Karatepe villages, we have evaluated the adaptation to the climate on settlement, building and place, building envelopes and elements scale for the moderate-dry climate type in Eskişehir, based on the previously-mentioned scientific data. Results: The study reveals that the samples examined in Eskişehir's rural residential buildings were manufactured in balance with the climate including settlement, building and place, building envelope and elements, from planning to detail. Conclusion: It is recommended to conserve the existing local architectural heritage in terms of adaptation to the climate in the villages and continue this approach by using the acquired lessons on being balanced with the climate in the newly designed buildings.
Kurşun ile kontamine edilen Achroia grisella Fabr. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvalarının protein, lipit ve karbohidrat kompozisyonundaki değişiklikler
Authors: AKMAN GÜNDÜZ Nevran Eylem , YILMAZ Yeliz
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmada, kurşunun Achroia grisella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvalarının protein, lipit ve karbohidrat miktarlarına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Larvalar farklı konsantrasyonlarda kurşun (50, 100 ve 200 mg/kg besin) ile kontamine edilen yapay bir besin ortamında yetiştirilmiştir. Kültür hazırlama ve tüm deneyler 16A:8K fotoperiyot, 25 ± 2 °C sıcaklık, %60 ± 5 bağıl nem içeren bir ortamda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Biyokimyasal analizlerde son evre A. grisella larvaları kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, kurşun uygulamasının 50 ve 200 mg/kg kurşun konsantrasyonlarında larvaların protein miktarında önemli bir azalmaya neden olduğunu göstermiştir. Larvaların karbohidrat ve lipit miktarları 100 ve 200 mg/kg kurşun konsantrasyonlarında kontrol grubuna göre önemli ölçüde düşmüştür.
Atık gazete kağıdı liflerinin biyokompozit üretiminde kullanılabilirliği
Authors: PEŞMAN Emrah , YILDIZ Hüseyin Emrah , BORAN TORUN Sevda , DÖNMEZ ÇAVDAR Ayfer
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmada, polilaktik asidin (PLA) atık gazete kãğıdı lifi (AGKL) ile kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Mekanik, termal ve optik özellikler açısından incelenmiştir. Plastik kompozitlerin eğilme direnci sonuçları incelendiğinde atık gazete kãğıdı lifi oranının eğilme direncini azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Plastik kompozitlerin eğilmede elastikiyet modülü, ilave edilen lif miktarı ile artmıştır. Atık gazete kãğıdı ilavesi ile çekme dirençleri azalmıştır. Ortama ilave edilen atık gazete kãğıdı lifi ile termal dayanım daha da azalmıştır. DSC analiz sonuçları incelendiğinde atık gazete kãğıdı lifinin camsı geçiş sıcaklığını 1 ˚C düşürdüğü ve soğumayı yavaşlattığı görülmüştür. FTIR-ATR karakterizasyonu ile PLA ile AGKL’nin karakteristik piklerinin benzer bağ türlerinden dolayı üst üste çakıştığı tespit edilmiştir. PLA geçirgen bir malzeme iken optik özelliklerde AGKL ilavesi ile geçirgenlik azalmıştır. Bu nedenle %10 lif ilave edildiğinde ISO parlaklığı kontrole göre %55' ten %5.15' e düşmüş, lif oranı %30’a çıkarıldığında ise parlaklık %6.07' ye yükselmiştir. Sonuç olarak PLA ve atık gazete kãğıdını birlikte kullanımının olumlu etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. AGKL ve PLA'nın diğer termoplastiklere göre birbiriyle çok daha uyumlu ve doğada kolayca parçalanabilen iki bileşen olduğu görülmüştür.
Mardin ili yabancı ot sorununun ve kimyasal mücadele durumunun belirlenmesi
Authors: ALPTEKİN Harun , GÜRBÜZ Ramazan , ÖZKAN Abdullah , USANMAZ BOZHÜYÜK Ayşe
Published: May 2022

AAraştırma 2020 yılında Mardin ili tarım alanlarında ve kültür bitkilerinde sorun olan yabancı ot türlerini, tarım ve tarım dışı alanlarda kimyasal mücadele durumunu ve herbisitlere dayanıklı yabancı ot durumunu belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Mardin Tarım ve Orman Müdürlüğüne bağlı ruhsatlı 40 Bitki Koruma Ürünleri (BKÜ) Bayileri ile yüz yüze anketler yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, bayilerin yarıdan fazlası (%62.5) tarım alanlarında yoğun bir yabancı ot probleminin olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Sorun teşkil eden bu yabancı otların başında sırasıyla; S. halepense (%85), A. retroflexus (%65) ve S. arvensis (%60) yabancı ot türlerinin geldiğini bildirmişlerdir. Yabancı ot sorununa kültür bitkileri düzeyinde bakıldığında en büyük sorunun mısır (%90), buğday (%87.5) ve pamuk (%75) ekim alanlarında olduğunu ve dolayısıyla en yoğun kimyasal kullanımında bu bitkilerde olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Bayilerin büyük bir çoğunluğu (%85) bölgede ciddi bir dayanıklılık problemin olduğunu ve herbisit kullanılmasına rağmen bazı yabancı ot türlerinin kontrol altına alınmasının mümkün olmadığını ifade etmişlerdir. Bu yabancı otların başında da sırasıyla; S. halepense (%52.5), A. retroflexus (%40) ve A. sterilis (%22.5) türlerinin geldiğini bildirmişlerdir. Mardin ilinde yabancı otların tarım ve tarım dışı alanlarda büyük sorun teşkil ettiği ve yabancı otlarla mücadele etmek amacıyla herbisitlerin yoğun ve sık kullanılmasından dolayı yabancı otlarda gelişen herbisit dayanıklılığının gün geçtikçe daha fazla sorun teşkil ettiği görülmektedir.
CCA ile emprenyeli sarıçam planya artıklarından üretilen çimentolu yongalevhaların bazı teknolojik özelliklerinin incelenmesi
Authors: ARAS Uğur , YEL Hüsnü , KALAYCIOĞLU Hülya , KUŞTAŞ Süleyman
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, bakır-krom-arsenik (CCA) ile emprenyeli sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) planya artıkları kullanılarak üretilen çimentolu yongalevhaların mekanik, fiziksel ve termal özellikleri üzerine odun/çimento oranı ve pres sıcaklığının etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla, 3 farklı odun-çimento oranı (1/2, 1/2.5 ve 1/3) ve 2 farklı pres sıcaklığı (20 ℃ ve 60 ℃) kullanılarak 1200 kg/m3 hedef yoğunluk ve 500 mm x 500 mm x 10 mm boyutuna sahip tek tabakalı çimentolu yongalevhalar üretilmiştir. Üretilen levhalar, fiziksel (rutubet, yoğunluk, su alma ve kalınlığına şişme oranı), mekanik (eğilme direnci, eğilmede elastikiyet modülü, yüzeye dik çekme direnci ve vida tutma direnci) ve termal (TGA/DTG) özellikler açısından incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, pres sıcaklığının artması levhaların mekanik ve fiziksel özelliklerinde önemli bir iyileşme sağlamıştır. Levhada odun-çimento oranın artması, eğilme direnci ve vida tutma direncini artırırken, eğilmede elastikiyet modülü ve yüzeye dik çekme direncini düşürmüştür. Diğer taraftan, odun/çimento oranı artıkça, su alma ve kalınlığına şişme oranları da artmıştır. TGA sonuçlarına göre, odun-çimento oranın azalması ve pres sıcaklığının artması, levhalarda çimento hidratasyon ürünlerinin artmasına neden olmuştur. Genel olarak, CCA ile emprenyeli planya artıklarından üretilen tüm levhalar, EN standardında belirtilen değerleri karşılamıştır.
Odun kömürü ve odun yakıtları alanında Türkiye’nin dünya rekabetindeki konumu
Authors: AKYÜZ Kadri Cemil , ERSEN Nadir , AKYÜZ İlker
Published: May 2022

Enerji ihtiyaçlarının büyük kısmını karşılayan fosil yakıtlarının geleceği hakkında oluşan kötü senaryolar, iklim dengesinin daha çok bozulmasına neden olmayan farklı kaynakların bulunmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu anlamda gerek geniş kaynak boyutuna gerekse daha az kirletici etkisine sahip olması nedeniyle yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları daha çok ilgi çekmekte ve önem kazanmaktadır. Böylece yenilenebilir enerji kaynak potansiyeline sahip ülkeler enerji piyasalarında aktif ve etkili bir konuma sahip olacaklardır. Bu çalışmada, açıklanmış karşılaştırmalı üstünlük yaklaşımı kullanılarak yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları içerisinde yer alan odun yakıtları ve odun kömürü ihracatını yapan ülkeler ve Türkiye’nin rekabet konumunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç için Trademap sitesinden alınan 2011-2020 dönemine ait ihracat verileri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda 4401 ürün grubunda (odun yakıtları) en yüksek rekabet üstünlüğüne sahip ülke Letonya çıkarken, 4402 ürün grubunda (odun kömürü) ise en yüksek rekabet üstünlüğüne sahip ülke olarak Küba çıkmıştır. Ayrıca, her iki ürün grubunda Türkiye rekabet gücünde artış göstermesine rağmen dünya piyasalarında etkili olabilecek konumdan oldukça uzak olduğu görülmektedir. Endüstriyel anlamda odun hammaddesi kullanan üretim birimlerinin, sistematik bir yapı içinde atıklarının toplanması ve enerji üretimi amacıyla kullanıma hazır hale getirilmesini sağlayıcı yatırımların teşvik edilmesi ile ülkemiz rekabet alanında etkili konuma erişebilecektir.
Hane halkının orman ürünleri sektöründe yeşil pazarlamaya dair tutum ve davranışlarının incelenmesi: Kastamonu örneği
Authors: BAYRAM Bahadir Cagri , ÜÇÜNCÜ Tutku
Published: May 2022

Şiddeti gitgide artan çevre problemleri ve azalan doğal kaynaklar, günümüzde gerek tüketicileri gerekse üreticileri çevreye karşı daha duyarlı olmaya mecbur bırakmaktadır. Yeşil pazarlama kavramı da bu durumun bir yansıması olarak literatürde kendine yer bulmuştur. Bu çalışma kapsamında Türkiye orman ürünleri sektöründe çok önemli bir yer tutan Kastamonu ilinin, hane halkının yeşil pazarlamaya dair bilgileri, bakış açıları ve tüketici olarak tepkilerinin ortaya koyulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu maksatla, il merkezi hane halkıyla anket çalışması yapılmış olup sonuçlar istatistiksel metotlarla analiz edilmiştir. Anket kapsamında literatürde doğruluğu kanıtlanmış olan bir yeşil pazarlama ölçeğinden faydalanılmıştır. Analizler neticesinde, yeşil pazarlama ve tüketici davranışları anketinin genel ortalamasının 3.65 olduğu ve anket sorularının 3.50-3.79 arasında değerler aldığı belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak tüketicilerin çevreye önem verdikleri ve bu doğrultuda ekonomik güçleri kapsamında çevre için yeşil pazarlama faaliyetlerini destekledikleri ve çevreci ürünleri satın alma niyetinde oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, orman ürünleri işletmelerine de yeşil pazarlama faaliyetlerinde bulunmaları ve bu faaliyetleri ile ilgili olarak tüketicilerde bir farkındalık oluşturmaları önerilmektedir.
Mineral dolgu maddelerinin fındıkkabuğu/polimetilmetakrilat kompozitlerin ses yutma katsayısına etkileri
Authors: BÜYÜKKAYA Kenan
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmada, farklı partikül boyutuna sahip (max.150, 250, 425 mikron) fındıkkabuğu/ polimetilmetakrilat kompozitlere ilave edilen, mineral dolgu maddelerinin ses yutma katsayısına etkileri araştırılmıştır. Kullanılan dolgu maddeleri; camküre, wollastonit, ve mika’dır. Farklı partikül büyüklüğüne sahip fındıkkabuğu polimetilmetakrilat kompozitler % 15 oranında fındıkkabuğu içermektedir. Bu kompozitler içerisine % 2.5, 5 ve 10 oranında dolgu maddeleri ilave edilerek ses yutma testlerinde kullanılacak kompozit numuneler hazırlanmıştır. Mineral dolgulu fındıkkabuğu/polimetilmetakrilat kompozitlerin ses yutma (α) katsayısı, çift mikrofonlu empedans tüpü yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca kompozitlerin yoğunlukları Arşimed prensibine göre tayin edilip, içerdiği boş hacim yüzde oranları hesaplanmıştır. Numune morfolojisini değerlendirmek amacı ile, deney yapılan numunelerden kırık parçalar elde edilmiştir. Kırık yüzeylerin görüntüleri taramalı elektron mikroskobu ile görüntülenip, içyapı bu görüntüler çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, kompozite ilave edilen cam küre ve mikanın oranları ile birlikte, fındıkkabuğu partikül boyutunun da artması ses yutma katsayısını artmıştır. Bu değişimin sade fındıkkabuğu kompozitlere göre maksimum % 247 oranda olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Anaokullarında bulunan çocuk oyun alanlarının tasarım ilkeleri açısından incelenmesi: Aydın kenti örneği
Authors: KAMER AKSOY Ozgur , ÇİLENGER Burçin , EKİNCİEL Sude
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmada Aydın ili Efeler merkez ilçesinde yer alan devlet anaokullarına ait dış mekân kullanım şekilleri, kişi başına düşen açık alan miktarları, donatı elemanları ve bitki türleri yerinde gözlem çalışmaları ile incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bilgiler ışığında, anaokulu bahçelerinin çocuk gelişimine katkısını tespit etmek amacıyla bu alanlarda bulunan oyun alanları tasarım ilkeleri kapsamında değerlendirilerek öneriler sunulmuştur. Çalışmanın ana materyalini Tapu ve Kadastro Genel Müdürlüğü’nün internet sitesinden elde edilen bilgilerle (okul bahçelerine ait parsellerin açık alan miktarları), İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’nden ise 9 devlet anaokuluna ait öğrenci ve öğretmen sayıları oluşturmaktadır. Belirlenen okul bahçelerinde yapılan yerinde gözlem çalışmaları sırasında çekilen fotoğraflardan faydalanılarak, okul bahçelerinde bulunan mevcut bitkiler, açık alanlardaki oyun ve donatı elemanları tespit edilmiş; dış mekân kullanımlarına yönelik puanlama tabloları kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda temsil derecelerine göre iyi dereceli olarak kabul edilen okullar İstiklal Anaokulu ve Unicef Türkiye Milli Komitesi Seyda Kayhan Anaokulu; orta dereceli olarak kabul edilen anaokulları ise Dalama Anaokulu, Efe Emir Ayşe Çetin Anaokulu, Mimar Sinan Anaokulu, Organize Sanayi Bölgesi Anaokulu, Şehit Polis Demet Sezen ve Zübeyde Hanım Anaokulu’dur. Yunus Emre Anaokulu’nun ise zayıf dereceli olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Fibonacci and Lucas numbers of some taxa naturally distributed in North East Anatolia
Authors: GÖKCAN İbrahim , ÖZCAN Melahat
Published: May 2022

In this study, general information about obtaining Fibonacci and Lucas number sequences from the rabbit problem is given. Obtaining the golden ratio and phyllotaxis ratio with Fibonacci numbers is examined.The Fibonacci and Lucas number characteristics of plants belonging to the same species are the same all over the world. The phyllotaxis ratio of 47 plant taxa and the number of cone spirals of two pines belonging to Gymnospermae distributed in North East Anatolia were determined. 34 of 47 taxa which phyllotaxis ratio investigated are herbs and 13 ones are woody/scrubs. Three of the herbaceous plants are endemic (Psephellus straminicephalus(Hub.-Mor.) Wagenitz, Tripleurospermum fissurale(Sosn.) E.Hossainand Chesneya elegansFomin) and two are rare species (Callicephalus nitens(M.Bieb. ex Willd.) C.A.Mey.and Cirsium rigidumDC.). With these studies, a literature contribution was provided to the studies in the field.
Tuz stresi altındaki mısır fidelerine aseton o-(4 klorofenilsülfonil) oksim ön uygulamasının biyokimyasal parametreler üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması
Authors: YETİŞSİN Fuat , KARAKAYA Aylin
Published: May 2022

Mevcut çalışmanın temel amacı, tuz stresi altındaki mısır fidelerine aseton O-(4 klorofenilsülfonil) oksim (AO) molekülünün ön muamelesinin stresin olumsuz etkilerini hafifletici etkilerinin olup olmadığının araştırılmasıdır. Bunun için; 18 saat distile su kontrol (K), 6 saat AO+12 saat distile su (AO), 6 saat distile su+12 saat 100 mM NaCl (TS) ve 6 saat AO+12 saat 100 mM NaCl (AO+TS) deney düzeneği kurulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; kontrol uygulaması ile AO uygulaması arasında nispi su içeriği (NSİ) açısından bir fark saptanamazken, TS’de ciddi bir düşüş AO+TS’de ise kontrole göre önemli bir artış olduğu belirlendi. Klorofil içeriği TS uygulamasında AO ve kontrole göre azalırken, AO+TS uygulamasında içerik TS’ye göre önemli bir artış gösterdi. En yüksek karotenoid içeriği TS uygulamasında görülürken, en düşük içerik AO+TS’de belirlendi. MDA ve H2O2 içeriklerinde AO uygulamasında kontrole göre önemli bir azalış gözlenirken, TS’de kontrole göre ciddi bir artış AO+TS’de ise TS ile kıyaslandığında önemli bir azalış belirlendi. Guaiacol peroksidaz, katalaz, askorbat peroksidaz ve süperoksit dismutaz enzimleri AO ön uygulaması ile aktivitelerini düzenleyerek MDA ve H2O2 içeriğini önemli ölçüde azalttığı belirlendi. AO uygulaması ile prolin içeriğinde kontrole göre önemli bir artış gözlenirken, AO+TS’nin TS uygulamasına göre içerikte önemli bir azalışa neden olduğu belirlendi. AO uygulamasının fenolik madde içeriği üzerinde önemli değişikliklere neden olduğu gözlendi. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında, tuz stresi altındaki mısır fidelerine AO ön uygulamasının metabolizmanın genel işleyişini engelleme potansiyeline sahip radikallerin oluşumunu engelleyebileceğini düşündürmektedir.
Monitoring Citrobacter rodentium infection dynamics in vivo using biophotonic imaging v1
Authors: Read Hannah
Published: May 2022

Citrobacter rodentium is a Gram-negative bacterium which infects laboratory mice in a similar way to how enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) infect humans. We routinely use a bioluminescent derivative of C. rodentium called ICC180 which contains the lux operon from Photorhabdus luminescens. This allows us to monitor infection dynamics non-invasively from anaesthetised animals using biophotonic imaging. Biophotonic imaging machines comprise a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera mounted within a light-tight specimen chamber. The shelf of the imaging chamber is heated to enhance the well-being of the anaesthetised animals. Commercially available imaging systems also have a gaseous anaesthesia manifold located inside the imaging chamber so that once sufficiently anaesthetised, animals can be transferred to the imaging chamber and anaesthesia maintained. Typically, a photographic reference image is acquired under weak illumination and then the bioluminescent signal is captured in complete darkness, which may take from seconds to minutes depending on the strength and location of the signal. The CCD camera spatially encodes the intensity of incident photons which are then displayed as a pseudocolour image superimposed on the grey-scale photographic image. Variations in colour within the pseudocolour image represent variations in light intensity at a given location. Depending on the software, it is also possible to quantify the bioluminescence in specific regions of individual mice using the region of interest tool and from these, calculate an area under curve (AUC) value for each individual animal for the period they were infected. Using this protocol, mice may be imaged daily if required. We routinely image immediately after oral gavage to determine whether animals have been dosed properly, and then at several time points during infection, for example, days 1, 3, 6/7, 10, and 14 post infection.
Development of a genome assembly strategy v1
Authors: El Moussaoui Khalid
Published: May 2022

Before proceeding with genome assembly, it is necessary to determine the appropriate strategy. In the scientific literature on whole genome sequencing applied to dermatophytes, some authors indicate that they proceeded with SPAdes followed by correction with Pilon, others indicate that they corrected the assembly with Bayes Hammer, the correction module included in SPAdes. Still others used MEGAHIT for their de novo assembly. To determine the best approach, 6 assembly strategies were used to assemble the genome of a single strain: KE005. The resulting assemblies are then compared to each other in order to determine, based on several metrics, which approach gives the best assembly. This evaluation is performed with QUAST. The 6 strategies are as follows : 01_SP_unc : assembled with SPAdes but not corrected 02_SP_cor_BH : assembled with SPAdes and corrected with Bayes Hammer 03_SP_cor_PI : assembled with SPAdes and corrected with Pilon 04_MG_unc : assembled with MEGAHIT but not corrected 05_MG_cor_PI : assembled with MEGAHIT and corrected with Pilon 06_WT : assembled with WGS Typer This workflow considers that the user directory (~/) is structured as seen in the "setting up the working environment" protocol. To avoid error messages, please follow this protocol and set up your computer before starting.
[RETRACTED] C+ Kapseln Kaufen, Test, Preis, Bewertung or Erfahrung v1
Authors: not provided Health
Published: May 2022

[RETRACTED]

C+ Kapseln Kaufen - Sie müssen schnell handeln. Viel mehr Männer kennen die Hauptvorteile des allgemeinen Ausstellung Verstärkers ohne Drogen. Darüber hinaus verwenden sie C+ Kapseln Kaufen Pillen. Daher könnte ein Teil dieser Behälter zur Neige gehen. C+ Kapseln Kaufen Der Verlust der sexuellen Kraft im Bett könnte zu unbefriedigenden Ergebnissen führen, die die meisten Frauen fürchten. Mit den Anforderungen Ihres Partners Schritt zu halten, kann eine echte Herausforderung sein, da Sie nicht immer bereit sind, Leistung zu erbringen. Wir verstehen dieses Gefühl wirklich, da Sie die Angst vor unbefriedigenden Ergebnissen überwinden müssen. Um die Leistung zu erbringen, können Sie Ihre Leistung leicht steigern, indem Sie eine härtere Erektion, längere Ausdauer und explosive Energie ermöglichen. Um eine solche Männlichkeit zu erreichen, brauchen Sie eine perfekte Transformationsformel, die Ihnen bei Ihrem Sexualleben hilft. Das versuchen wir zu tun. Die Idee des Geschlechtsverkehrs ist vertraut mit gegenseitigem Verständnis, um die Bedürfnisse des anderen richtig zu befriedigen. Sowohl Männer als auch Frauen sind bestrebt, ihr Sexualleben in vollen Zügen zu genießen. Einen perfekten Partner zu finden, ist das, was im Leben einer Frau wirklich zählt, aber wenn ein Mann seine Frau auf dem Bett nicht befriedigen kann, dann beginnen die Dinge zu fallen, da die Frauen anfangen, weniger Interesse an ihnen zu zeigen. Es gibt ein Geheimnis, wie man einer Frau gefällt, wenn sie dich am meisten braucht. Lass sie niemals erkennen, wo deine Grenze im Bett liegt. Es bringt Frauen immer dazu, sich nach mehr und mehr von ihnen zu sehnen. Wenn Sie damit Schritt halten, können Sie mit Hilfe von C+ Kapseln Kaufen natürlich den Moment mit dem besten Leistungsfaktor intensivieren. Hier ist eine Liste von Zutaten, die Ihre Männlichkeit in jedem Alter leicht neu erfinden könnten Ein natürliches Aphrodisiakum, das für seine traditionelle Verwendung als Arzneimittel bekannt ist, das das sexuelle Ansehen und die Leistungsfähigkeit von Männern erhöht. Offizielles Internet: https://filmdaily.co/obsessions/c-testosterone/