bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observations of speciated isoprene nitrates in Beijing: implications for isoprene chemistry
Authors: Reeves Claire E. , Mills Graham P. , Whalley Lisa K. , Acton W. Joe F. , Bloss William J. , Crilley Leigh R. , Grimmond Sue , Heard Dwayne E. , Hewitt C. Nicholas , Hopkins James R. , Kotthaus Simone , Kramer Louisa J. , Jones Roderic L. , Lee James D. , Liu Yanhui , Ouyang Bin , Slater Eloise , Squires Freya , Wang Xinming , Woodward-Massey Robert , Ye Chunxiang
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Isoprene is the most important biogenic volatile organic
compound in the atmosphere. Its calculated impact on ozone (O3) is
critically dependent on the model isoprene oxidation chemical scheme, in
particular the way the isoprene-derived organic nitrates (IN) are treated.
By combining gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, we have developed a
system capable of separating and unambiguously measuring individual IN
isomers. In this paper we use measurements from its first field deployment,
which took place in Beijing as part of the Atmospheric Pollution and Human
Health in a Chinese Megacity programme, to test understanding of the
isoprene chemistry as simulated in the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM)
(v.3.3.1). Seven individual isoprene nitrates were identified and quantified
during the campaign: two β-hydroxy nitrates (IHN), four δ-carbonyl nitrates (ICN), and propanone nitrate. Our measurements show that in the summertime conditions experienced in
Beijing the ratio of (1-OH, 2-ONO2)-IHN to (4-OH, 3-ONO2)-IHN (the
numbers indicate the carbon atom in the isoprene chain to which the radical
is added) increases at NO mixing ratios below 2 ppb. This provides
observational field evidence of the redistribution of the peroxy radicals
derived from OH oxidation of isoprene away from the kinetic ratio towards a
new thermodynamic equilibrium consistent with box model calculations. The
observed amounts of δ-ICN demonstrate the importance of daytime
addition of NO3 to isoprene in Beijing but suggest that the predominant
source of the δ-ICN in the model (reaction of NO with δ-nitrooxy peroxy radicals) may be too large. Our speciated measurements of
the four δ-ICN exhibit a mean C1 : C4 isomer ratio of 1.4 and a mean
trans : cis isomer ratio of 7 and provide insight into the isomeric distribution of the
δ-nitrooxy peroxy radicals. Together our measurements and model
results indicate that propanone nitrate was formed from the OH oxidation of
δ-ICN both during the day and night, as well as from NO3
addition to propene at night. This study demonstrates the value of speciated IN measurements in testing
understanding of the isoprene degradation chemistry and shows how more
extensive measurements would provide greater constraints. It highlights
areas of the isoprene chemistry that warrant further study, in particular
the impact of NO on the formation of the IHN and the NO3-initiated
isoprene degradation chemistry, as well as the need for further laboratory
studies on the formation and the losses of IN, in particular via photolysis
of δ-ICN and hydrolysis.
Case study of a humidity layer above Arctic stratocumulus and potential turbulent coupling with the cloud top
Authors: Egerer Ulrike , Ehrlich André , Gottschalk Matthias , Griesche Hannes , Neggers Roel A. J. , Siebert Holger , Wendisch Manfred
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Specific humidity inversions (SHIs) above low-level cloud
layers have been frequently observed in the Arctic. The formation of these
SHIs is usually associated with large-scale advection of humid air
masses. However, the potential coupling of SHIs with cloud layers by turbulent
processes is not fully understood. In this study, we analyze a 3 d
period of a persistent layer of increased specific humidity above a
stratocumulus cloud observed during an Arctic field campaign in June 2017. The
tethered balloon system BELUGA (Balloon-bornE moduLar Utility for profilinG
the lower Atmosphere) recorded vertical profile data of meteorological,
turbulence, and radiation parameters in the atmospheric boundary layer. An
in-depth discussion of the problems associated with humidity measurements in
cloudy environments leads to the conclusion that the observed SHIs do not
result from measurement artifacts. We analyze two different scenarios for the
SHI in relation to the cloud top capped by a temperature inversion: (i) the
SHI coincides with the cloud top, and (ii) the SHI is vertically separated
from the lowered cloud top. In the first case, the SHI and the cloud layer are
coupled by turbulence that extends over the cloud top and connects the two
layers by turbulent mixing. Several profiles reveal downward virtual sensible
and latent heat fluxes at the cloud top, indicating entrainment of humid air
supplied by the SHI into the cloud layer. For the second case, a downward
moisture transport at the base of the SHI and an upward moisture flux at the cloud
top is observed. Therefore, the area between the cloud top and SHI is supplied
with moisture from both sides. Finally, large-eddy simulations (LESs)
complement the observations by modeling a case of the first scenario. The
simulations reproduce the observed downward turbulent fluxes of heat and
moisture at the cloud top. The LES realizations suggest that in the presence
of a SHI, the cloud layer remains thicker and the temperature inversion height
is elevated.
Analysis of atmospheric ammonia over South and East Asia based on the MOZART-4 model and its comparison with satellite and surface observations
Authors: Pawar Pooja V. , Ghude Sachin D. , Jena Chinmay , Móring Andrea , Sutton Mark A. , Kulkarni Santosh , Lal Deen Mani , Surendran Divya , Van Damme Martin , Clarisse Lieven , Coheur Pierre-François , Liu Xuejun , Govardhan Gaurav , Xu Wen , Jiang Jize , Adhya Tapan Kumar
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Limited availability of atmospheric ammonia (NH3)
observations limits our understanding of controls on its spatial and
temporal variability and its interactions with the ecosystem. Here we used the
Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers version 4 (MOZART-4) global chemistry
transport model and the Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution version 2
(HTAP-v2) emission inventory to simulate global NH3 distribution for
the year 2010. We presented a first comparison of the model with monthly
averaged satellite distributions and limited ground-based observations
available across South Asia. The MOZART-4 simulations over South Asia and
East Asia were evaluated with the NH3 retrievals obtained from the
Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite and 69 ground-based monitoring stations for air quality across South Asia and 32 ground-based monitoring stations from the Nationwide Nitrogen Deposition Monitoring
Network (NNDMN) of China. We identified the northern region of India
(Indo-Gangetic Plain, IGP) as a hotspot for NH3 in Asia, both using
the model and satellite observations. In general, a close agreement was
found between yearly averaged NH3 total columns simulated by the model
and IASI satellite measurements over the IGP, South Asia (r=0.81), and
the North China Plain (NCP), East Asia (r=0.90). However, the MOZART-4-simulated NH3 column was substantially higher over South Asia than
East Asia, as compared with the IASI retrievals, which show smaller
differences. Model-simulated surface NH3 concentrations indicated
smaller concentrations in all seasons than surface NH3 measured by
the ground-based observations over South and East Asia, although
uncertainties remain in the available surface NH3 measurements.
Overall, the comparison of East Asia and South Asia using both MOZART-4
model and satellite observations showed smaller NH3 columns in East
Asia compared with South Asia for comparable emissions, indicating rapid
dissipation of NH3 due to secondary aerosol formation, which can be
explained by larger emissions of acidic precursor gases in East Asia.
Air quality and health benefits from ultra-low emission control policy indicated by continuous emission monitoring: a case study in the Yangtze River Delta region, China
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhao Yu , Gao Meng , Bo Xin , Nielsen Chris P.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. To evaluate the improved emission estimates from online monitoring, we
applied the Models-3/CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality) system to
simulate the air quality of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region using two
emission inventories with and without incorporated data from continuous emission
monitoring systems (CEMSs) at coal-fired power plants (cases 1 and 2,
respectively). The normalized mean biases (NMBs) between the observed and
simulated hourly concentrations of SO2, NO2, O3, and
PM2.5 in case 2 were −3.1 %, 56.3 %, −19.5 %, and −1.4 %, all
smaller in absolute value than those in case 1 at 8.2 %, 68.9 %,
−24.6 %, and 7.6 %, respectively. The results indicate that incorporation
of CEMS data in the emission inventory reduced the biases between simulation
and observation and could better reflect the actual sources of regional air
pollution. Based on the CEMS data, the air quality changes and corresponding
health impacts were quantified for different implementation levels of
China's recent “ultra-low” emission policy. If the coal-fired power sector
met the requirement alone (case 3), the differences in the simulated monthly
SO2, NO2, O3, and PM2.5 concentrations compared to those
of case 2, our base case for policy comparisons, would be less than 7 % for
all pollutants. The result implies a minor benefit of ultra-low emission
control if implemented in the power sector alone, which is attributed to its limited
contribution to the total emissions in the YRD after years of pollution
control (11 %, 7 %, and 2 % of SO2, NOX, and primary particle
matter (PM) in case 2, respectively). If the ultra-low emission policy was
enacted at both power plants and selected industrial sources including
boilers, cement, and iron and steel factories (case 4), the simulated
SO2, NO2, and PM2.5 concentrations compared to the base
case would be 33 %–64 %, 16 %–23 %, and 6 %–22 % lower, respectively,
depending on the month (January, April, July, and October 2015). Combining
CMAQ and the Integrated Exposure Response (IER) model, we further estimated
that 305 deaths and 8744 years of life loss (YLL) attributable to PM2.5
exposure could be avoided with the implementation of the ultra-low emission
policy in the power sector in the YRD region. The analogous values would be
much higher, at 10 651 deaths and 316 562 YLL avoided, if both power and
industrial sectors met the ultra-low emission limits. In order to improve
regional air quality and to reduce human health risk effectively,
coordinated control of multiple sources should be implemented, and the
ultra-low emission policy should be substantially expanded to major emission
sources in industries other than the power industry.
Long-term NOx measurements in the remote marine tropical troposphere
Authors: Andersen Simone T. , Carpenter Lucy J. , Nelson Beth S. , Neves Luis , Read Katie A. , Reed Chris , Ward Martyn , Rowlinson Matthew J. , Lee James D.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NO + NO2 = NOx) have been
measured at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO) in the tropical
Atlantic (16∘51′ N, 24∘52′ W) since October 2006.
These measurements represent a unique time series of NOx in the
background remote troposphere. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is measured via
photolytic conversion to nitric oxide (NO) by ultraviolet light-emitting
diode arrays followed by chemiluminescence detection. Since the measurements
began, a blue light converter (BLC) has been used for NO2
photolysis, with a maximum spectral output of 395 nm from 2006 to 2015 and of
385 nm from 2015 onwards. The original BLC used was constructed with a Teflon-like
material and appeared to cause an overestimation of NO2 when
illuminated. To avoid such interferences, a new additional photolytic
converter (PLC) with a quartz photolysis cell (maximum spectral output also
385 nm) was implemented in March 2017. Once corrections are made for the
NO2 artefact from the original BLC, the two NO2 converters are
shown to give comparable NO2 mixing ratios (BLC = 0.99 × PLC + 0.7 ppt, linear least-squares regression), giving confidence in the
quantitative measurement of NOx at very low levels. Data analysis
methods for the NOx measurements made at CVAO have been developed and
applied to the entire time series to produce an internally consistent and
high-quality long-term data set. NO has a clear diurnal pattern with a
maximum mixing ratio of 2–10 ppt during the day depending on the season and
∼ 0 ppt during the night. NO2 shows a fairly flat diurnal
signal, although a small increase in daytime NOx is evident in some
months. Monthly average mixing ratios of NO2 vary between 5 and 30 ppt
depending on the season. Clear seasonal trends in NO and NO2 levels can
be observed with a maximum in autumn and winter and a minimum in spring and summer.
Passive seismic experiment ‘AniMaLS’ in the Polish Sudetes (NE Variscides)
Authors: Bociarska Monika , Rewers Julia , Wójcik Dariusz , Materkowska Weronika , Środa Piotr ,   the AniMaLS Working Group
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The paper presents information about the seismic experiment AniMaLS which aims to provide a new insight into the crustal and upper mantle structure beneath the Polish Sudetes (NE margin of the Variscan orogen). The seismic array composed of 23 temporary broadband stations was operating continuously for ~2 years (October 2017 and October 2019). The dataset was complemented by records from 8 permanent stations located in the study area and in the vicinity. The stations were deployed with inter-station spacing of approximately 25–30 km. As a result, good quality recordings of local, regional and teleseismic events were obtained. We describe the aims and motivation of the project, the stations deployment procedure, as well as the characteristics of the temporary seismic array and of the permanent stations. Furthermore, this paper includes a description of important issues like: data transmission set-up, status monitoring systems, data quality control, near-surface geological structure beneath stations and related site effects etc. Special attention was paid to verification of correct orientation of the sensors. The obtained data set will be modelled using several seismic interpretation methods, including analysis of seismic anisotropy parameters, with the objective of extending knowledge about the lithospheric and sub-lithospheric structure and the tectonic evolution of the study area.
JlBox v1.1: a Julia-based multi-phase atmospheric chemistry box model
Authors: Huang Langwen , Topping David
Published: April 2021

Abstract. As our knowledge and understanding of atmospheric aerosol particle evolution and impact grows, designing community mechanistic models requires an ability to capture increasing chemical, physical and therefore numerical complexity. As the landscape of computing software and hardware evolves, it is important to profile the usefulness of emerging platforms in tackling this complexity. Julia is a relatively new programming language that promises computational performance close to that of Fortran, for example, without sacrificing the flexibility offered by languages such as Python. With this in mind, in this paper we present and demonstrate the initial development of a high-performance community mixed-phase atmospheric 0D box model, JlBox, written in Julia. In JlBox v1.1 we provide the option to simulate the chemical kinetics of a gas phase whilst also providing a fully coupled gas-particle model with dynamic partitioning to a fully moving sectional size distribution, in the first instance. JlBox is built around chemical mechanism files, using existing informatics software to parse chemical structures and relationships from these files and then provide parameters required for mixed-phase simulations. In this study we use mechanisms from a subset and the complete Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM). Exploiting the ability to perform automatic differentiation of Jacobian matrices within Julia, we profile the use of sparse linear solvers and pre-conditioners, whilst also using a range of stiff solvers included within the expanding ODE solver suite the Julia environment provides, including the development of an adjoint model. Case studies range from a single volatile organic compound (VOC) with 305 equations to a “full” complexity MCM mixed-phase simulation with 47 544 variables. Comparison with an existing mixed-phase model shows significant improvements in performance for multi-phase and mixed VOC simulations and potential for developments in a number of areas.
Unsaturated zone model complexity for the assimilation of evapotranspiration rates in groundwater modelling
Authors: Gelsinari Simone , Pauwels Valentijn R. N. , Daly Edoardo , van Dam Jos , Uijlenhoet Remko , Fewster-Young Nicholas , Doble Rebecca
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The biophysical processes occurring in the unsaturated zone have a direct impact on the water table dynamics. Representing these processes through the application of unsaturated zone models of different complexity has an impact on the estimates of the volumes of water flowing between the unsaturated zone and the aquifer. These fluxes, known as net recharge, are often used as the shared variable that couples unsaturated to groundwater models. However, as recharge estimates are always affected by a degree of uncertainty, model–data fusion methods, such as data assimilation, can be used to inform these coupled models and reduce uncertainty. This study assesses the effect of unsaturated zone models complexity (conceptual versus physically based) to update groundwater model outputs, through the assimilation of actual evapotranspiration rates, for a water-limited site in South Australia. Actual evapotranspiration rates are assimilated because they have been shown to be related to the water table dynamics and thus form the link between remote sensing data and the deeper parts of the soil profile. Results have been quantified using standard metrics, such as the root mean square error and Pearson correlation coefficient, and reinforced by calculating the continuous ranked probability score, which is specifically designed to determine a more representative error in stochastic models. It has been found that, once properly calibrated to reproduce the actual evapotranspiration–water table dynamics, a simple conceptual model may be sufficient for this purpose; thus using one configuration over the other should be motivated by the specific purpose of the simulation and the information available.
Mixed synthesis method of motion and path of planar four-bar linkages
Authors: Wu Rui , Li Ruiqin , Liang Hailong , Ning Fengping
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The mixed synthesis of motion and path generation, which is also known as the Alt–Burmester problem, is an attractive problem for study. However, such a problem for the four-bar linkages which possess more than M poses (M>5) and mixed N path points has not been well-solved. In this work, a mixed synthesis method is developed for planar four-bar linkages to cope with the above problem. The developed method can quickly select an optimal combination that contains five poses and N points by using the conic filtering algorithm, which is based on the similar characteristics of the value and direction between the conic and coupler curves in a certain neighborhood. Next, the selected five poses are substituted into a simplified equation system of motion synthesis which includes four equations and four variables to solve the parameters of the planar four-bar linkage. Finally, a case is provided to validate the effectiveness of the developed method in the mixed synthesis problem.
Simulation and fabrication of carbon nanotube–nanoparticle interconnected structures
Authors: Lu Xiwen , Liu Jinhang , Ding Ye , Yang Lijun , Yang Zhan , Wang Yang
Published: April 2021

Abstract. With the rapid development of nanotechnology,
the size of a device reaches sub-nanometer scale. The larger resistivity of interconnect leads to serious overheating of integrated circuits. Silicon-based electronic devices have also reached the physical limits of their
development. The use of carbon nanotubes instead of traditional wires has
become a new solution for connecting nano-structures. Nanocluster particles
serving as brazing material play an important role in stabilizing the
connection of carbon nanotubes, which places higher demands for nanoscale
manipulation techniques. In this paper, the dynamic processes under
different operating scenarios were simulated and analyzed, including probe propulsion nanoparticle operation, probe pickup nanoparticle operation and probe pickup nanocluster particle operation. Then, the SEM (Scanning
Electron Microscope) was used for nanoparticle manipulation experiments. The
smallest unit of carbon nanotube wire was obtained by three-dimensional (3D)
construction of a carbon nanotube–silver nanocluster particle (CN-AgNP), which verified the feasibility of 3D manipulation of carbon nanotube wire construction. The experiments on the construction of carbon
nanotube–nanocluster particle structures in three-dimensional operation were completed, and the smallest unit of carbon nanotube wire was constructed.
This nano-fabrication technology will provide an efficient and mature
technical means in the field of nano-interconnection.
Rockfall and vulnerability of mountaineers on the west face of the Aiguille du Goûter (classic route up Mont Blanc, France), an interdisciplinary study
Authors: Mourey Jacques , Lacroix Pascal , Duvillard Pierre-Allain , Marsy Guilhem , Marcer Marco , Ravanel Ludovic , Malet Emmanuel
Published: April 2021

Abstract. In high alpine environments, climate change leads to an increase in rockfall destabilizations. They represent a threat for sports and tourism activities in high mountain and especially for mountaineering. This danger of rockfall is particularly important on the classic route up Mont Blanc (4,809 m a.s.l., Mont Blanc massif, France), on the west face of the Aiguille du Goûter (3,863 m a.s.l.), and is responsible for at least 29 % of the accidents that occur in this sector. Despite the intensity of the geomorphological processes at work and the vulnerability of climbers, few scientific studies have been carried out on the occurrence of rockfalls and their triggering factors in the Goûter area. Based on a multi-method monitoring system (5 seismic sensors, an automatic digital camera, 3 subsurface temperature sensors, a pyroelectric sensor, a high-resolution topographical survey, 2 weather stations and a rain gauge) the objective of our study is therefore to quantitatively document the occurrence of rockfalls and their triggering factors in the Grand Couloir du Goûter in order to better assess the vulnerability of mountaineers in this sector. Our results show that in the high-Alpine and permafrost-affected Aiguille du Goûter west face, rockfalls are mostly frequent during the snowmelt period which favors the action of thermo-mechanical processes linked to the infiltration of liquid water into the cracks of the rock. During periods when the couloir is completely clear of snow, rockfalls are 2.5 times less frequent, and the thermo-mechanical processes involved in the rockfall triggering are limited by the absence of moisture in the ground. These results also show that climbers' awareness of the risk of rockfalls remains limited. What’s more, they do not adapt – or only slightly – their behavior to this risk, despite a particularly high accident rate. Important work on prevention and dissemination of the knowledge here acquired (newsletters, training for professionals and amateurs, awareness campaigns) among mountaineers is therefore still really necessary.
Early spring subglacial discharge plumes fuel under-ice primary production at a Svalbard tidewater glacier
Authors: Vonnahme Tobias Reiner , Persson Emma , Dietrich Ulrike , Hejdukova Eva , Dybwad Christine , Elster Josef , Chierici Melissa , Gradinger Rolf
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Subglacial upwelling of nutrient-rich bottom water is known to
sustain elevated summer primary production in tidewater-glacier-influenced
fjord systems. However, the importance of subglacial upwelling during the early spring season has not been considered yet. We hypothesized that
subglacial discharge under sea ice is present in early spring and that its
flux is sufficient to increase phytoplankton primary productivity. We
evaluated the effects of the submarine discharge on primary production in a
seasonally fast-ice covered Svalbard fjord (Billefjorden) influenced by a
tidewater outlet glacier in April and May 2019. We found clear evidence for
subglacial discharge and upwelling. Although the estimated bottom-water
entrainment factor (1.6) and total fluxes were lower than in summer studies,
we still observed substantial impact on the fjord ecosystem and primary
production at this time of the year. The subglacial discharge leads to a
salinity-stratified surface water layer and sea ice formation with low bulk
salinity and permeability. The combination of the stratified surface layer,
a 2-fold higher under-ice irradiance due to thinner snow cover, and
higher N and Si concentrations at the glacier front supported phytoplankton primary production 2 orders of
magnitude higher (42.6 mg C m−2 d−1) compared to a marine reference site at the fast-ice edge.
Reciprocal transplant experiments showed that nutrient supply increased
phytoplankton primary production by approximately 30 %. The
brackish-water sea ice at the glacier front with its low bulk salinity
contained a reduced brine volume, limiting the inhabitable brine channel
space and nutrient exchange with the underlying seawater compared to full
marine sea ice. Microbial and algal communities were substantially different
in subglacial-influenced water and sea ice compared to the marine reference
site, sharing taxa with the subglacial outflow water. We suggest that with
climate change, the retreat of tidewater glaciers in early spring could lead
to decreased under-ice phytoplankton primary production. In contrast, sea
ice algae production and biomass may become increasingly important, unless
sea ice disappears first, in which case spring phytoplankton primary
production may increase.
THE RIGHTNESS-JUSTICE BINOMIAL. CONCEPTUAL CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: IONESCU Gabriela
Published: April 2021

The paper makes some theoretical contributions, regarding the concept of the theory of rightness. In the first part, several scientific concepts are identified and defined as elements that belong to the theory of rightness as fairness. The second part of the paper analyzes the logical relations between rightness and justice, affirming and arguing that rightness is the state of a social system in which the natural right is verified, and justice is the state of a social system in which positive right is verified. Finally, the concept of the theory of rightness is defined logically, epistemologically and methodologically.
The Influence of Oil Price Uncertainty on Economic Activities in Nigeria
Authors: Ogege Samson , Boloupremo Tarila
Published: April 2021

This paper seeks to appraise the uncertainty of oil price influence on the activities of Nigerian economy with regard to human development in Nigeria. The research utilized the annual time series data spanning between 1981-2018, and the stationarity of the observed variables was tested by carrying out a unit root test and the stationarity of most of the observed variables were revealed at first difference. The secondary data employed were analyzed with the aid of least square technique of data analysis to assess the association between the observed variables. In response to the outcomes of the analysis, it was revealed that crude oil price positively and insignificantly influences life expectancy, but significantly influences consumption per capital and contrarily, it revealed negative and insignificant influence on physical quality of life and education index. It was inferred by the study that, there is existence of a comparative association of oil price with the indicators of Nigerian economic development. However, there is divergence of influence of the mechanisms of economic attributes as well as performance indicators. The study recommends that, a strict measure of monetary policy should be adopted by the government to regulate the rates of interest and inflation in the economy on a regular basis.
The Influence of Dividend Payments on Share Price in Manufacturing Firms Quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange
Authors: Ogege Samson
Published: April 2021

This paper examined the influence of dividend payments on the price of share of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria employing panel data with 125 data observations spanning from 2014-2018.  A purposeful sampling technique was used to select twenty-five manufacturing companies investigated from the Nigerian stock market. A linear regression model was specified and was further broken down into a bivariate regression model and the method of least square regression was adopted for data analysis. The outcome of the panel regression indicated that, dividend per share has a positive influence on the price of shares of high and low geared manufacturing firms; earnings per shares positively influence the shares price of both dividend and non-dividend paying manufacturing companies; dividend yield show an adverse effect on the share price of new and old manufacturing companies; credit risk was found to positively impact share price of big manufacturing companies, but adversely affect the share price of small manufacturing companies in Nigeria. In view of the outcomes of the analysis, the study therefore recommended that a conducive and favorable business environment should be created by the government for both old and new manufacturing companies in Nigeria to thrive. Also, credit risk should be effectively and efficiently managed by small manufacturing companies in particular in order to eliminate its adverse influence on their share price.
Possible models of implementing private protected area concept in Lithuania
Authors: Povilaitytė Raminta , Skorupskas Ričardas
Published: April 2021

Nowadays people are more aware of the importance of the surrounding nature: landscape, biodiversity, and natural resources. However, society is facing many ecological challenges, so individuals and communities are becoming more involved in conservation. While government is not always capable of providing the best care of nature and all its components, ordinary people, or non-government organizations “step up” and help them. One way of doing that is creating private protected areas. Many countries in the world have examples of this kind of protected areas’ governance type: some are more regulated in legal systems, some are less, but they all provide crucial benefits to conservation if managed properly. In Lithuania protected areas are governed only by the government but usually the lack of funds affects the quality of conservation. Because of that, it is necessary to analyse different mechanisms of creation of private protected areas, take examples from best practices in the world and consider implementing it in the national protected area system.
Mountains in the names of places and on the surface of Lithuania
Authors: Kavoliutė Filomena
Published: April 2021

The article presents the links between the place names of residential areas and the surface relief of their territories. Names with the lexeme kalnas (hill-, mountain-) were chosen for the study. In total, in Lithuania are about 250 of them. 50 villages with such names marking the surface mountainousness were analyzed. Topographic maps were used to clarify the features of the terrain, the transverse profiles of the surface of the areas were drawn, and a very variable change in the accommodation of the areas in the 20th century was analyzed. In some cases, archaeological data are also used.
Analisis Pelaksanaan Proyek Renovasi PT.Citra Prabu Majasari
Authors: Anggraini Yuni , Indrawan Surya , Marbun Novri Jenita
Published: April 2021

PT Citra Prabu Majasari merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang jasa pelaksanaan kontruksi yang akan melaksanakan proyek renovasi Gedung ATK, Gudang dan Kantor Pool Transportasi Pertamina RU II Dumai. Sebelum proyek dilaksanakan perlu manajemen proyek yang tepat sehingga dapat terlaksana dengan baik dan lancar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode critical path method (CPM) mengolah data waktu pasti dari setiap kegiatan dan digambarkan dalam bentuk jaringan kerja (diagram network) untuk mencari lama waktu penyelesaian proyek. Kemudian membuat gaant chart dan menentukan biaya yang dikeluarkan berdasarkan lama waktu yang diperoleh dari metode CPM. Menentukan kelayakan proyek dengan metode net present value (NPV) diperlukan data pengeluaran dan pemasukan setiap periode. Apabila hasil perhitungan NPV lebih besar dari 0, maka proyek layak untuk dilaksanakan. Hasil perhitungan yang telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode CPM bahwa proyek dapat diselesaikan selama 98 hari dengan biaya pengeluaran sebesar Rp. 523.653.630. Hasil perhitungan NPV sebesar Rp. 15.936.009, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai NPV lebih besar dari 0 yang berarti proyek tersebut layak untuk dilaksanakan.
Emprendimiento digital femenino para el desarrollo social y económico: características y barreras en España
Authors: Tejeiro Koller Manuel , Molina López Manuel María , García Villalobos Juan Carlos
Published: April 2021

El presente estudio centra su atención en un tipo particular de emprendimiento: el emprendimiento digital iniciado por mujeres. Este tipo de creación de empresas tiene un interés particular por su alto impacto en el desarrollo económico y la dinamización de las economías desarrolladas; y en muchos casos además por su intensa orientación social. Aquí resulta especialmente relevante encontrar una paridad entre hombres y mujeres a la hora de emprender, ya que, de lo contrario, no se obtendría un desarrollo inclusivo, ni se explotaría todo el potencial emprendedor de una sociedad. Tras una descripción de las características particulares tanto del emprendimiento digital, como del femenino, se revisan las barreras a las que comúnmente se enfrenta cada uno de ellos. Mediante un estudio empírico, que logró recopilar la respuesta de 161 emprendedoras digitales en España, se procede a contrastar las barreras identificadas en la literatura con la realidad empresarial. Se pueden confirmar las dificultades que comúnmente enfrentan emprendimientos digitales, al igual que femeninos, en lo referente a las dificultades para encontrar financiación. Sin embargo, otras barreras, tales como el rol de la mujer en la familia, parecen tener menor relevancia en este tipo de emprendimientos. Finalmente, se ofrecen conclusiones generales, en las que se destacan los puntos de actuación para posibles políticas de fomento del emprendimiento digital femenino.
Does Energy Subsidy Affect FDI: The Case of Egypt
Authors: Ghoneim Hebatallah
Published: April 2021

This paper examines whether energy subsidies determine the foreign direct investment of a country by using the data collected in Egypt. The model investigating this relation will also highlight the main determinants that derive FDI in the Egyptian economy. The results provided are crucial for public policy decision making with the continuous effort to attract FDI and decrease energy subsidy.
Une approche instrumentale de l’éducation aux débats socio-scientifiques en ligne
Authors: Meunier Jean-Marc
Published: April 2021

De notre point de vue, l’enseignement en ligne est par essence une activité de collaboration médiatisée, plus encore lorsqu’il s’appuie sur une pédagogie active et met en scène les interactions entre étudiants. Les outils dont disposent les enseignants sont multiples, parfois complexes et s’organisent en système qu’il faut pouvoir analyser pour comprendre une activité tel qu'un débat en ligne. Dans cet article nous proposons l’analyse d’une telle situation dans le cadre de l’approche instrumentale (Lonchamp, 2012; Rabardel et Beguin, 2005; Rabardel, 1995) afin de montrer comment la notion de compétence, telle qu’elle est proposée dans ce cadre, peut permettre de penser l’alignement entre les activités pédagogiques, les compétences visées et l’évaluation de ces dernières.
Le "projet Up" : Un dispositif innovant d’aide à la réussite universitaire par l’apprentissage collaboratif en mode hybride
Authors: Marty Stéphanie , Vasquez Katia
Published: April 2021

Dans la présente contribution, nous étudions un dispositif d’aide à la réussite, impulsé par la loi ORE (Orientation et Réussite des Étudiants) et centré sur la réussite et l’intégration des étudiants en première année de Licence. Nous initions une réflexion sur ce dispositif et - plus largement - sur les dispositifs pédagogiques, en engageant un dialogue alimenté par nos parcours et statuts respectifs de Maître de Conférences et d’Ingénieure Pédagogique. A travers une approche ethnographique, prenant appui sur des matériaux de terrain (storyboards pédagogiques, journal de bord des séances, comptes rendus des réunions pédagogiques et des séances), nous esquissons l'écosystème de ce dispositif, ancré dans la conduite de projet agile, l’apprentissage collaboratif et l’hybridation. Enfin, nous pointons la fécondité de ces pistes, susceptibles d’être inspirantes, pour d’autres situations d’apprentissage, d’autres dispositifs pédagogiques, d’autres disciplines, voire d’autres types d’établissements.
Application of preventive arrest. Theoretical-practical aspects
Authors:   University of European Studies of Moldova, Airapetean Artur , Țoncu Sanda ,   Moldova State University
Published: April 2021

The given study represents the rendering of the circumstances, which are the basis for the application and extension of the arrest. Arguments are presented regarding the pertinent practice of national and international courts in combating the phenomenon of unfounded application of pre-trial detention. The study aims to elucidate theoretical and practical aspects in a comparative way, but also with the arguments promoted by the Strasbourg Court.
Normative regulations of international juridic assistance in penal materials in the prism of their historic evolution
Authors:   University of European Studies of Moldova, Cuciurcă Angela
Published: April 2021

The actuality of the subject is due to the interest shown in knowing the historical evolution of the normative regulations of international legal assistance in criminal matters. The mutual provision by states of international legal assistance in criminal matters occupies an important place in international cooperation in the fight against crime. The provision of mutual assistance can be fruitful only on condition that the multilateral record of the normative acts in force, which are contained in national law and international treaties
The current role of the Court of Justice of the EU in the legal institutional system of the European Uniuon
Authors:   University of European Studies of Moldova, Toncoglaz Maxim
Published: April 2021

In this article, we will discuss the role of the ECJ in the EU legal order. The concept of general principles of law is of great importance today for deepening the process of European integration, the formation and development of EU law as a whole. An important role in its development and consolidation lies with the EU Court of Justice. Its consistent practice has led to the formation of the very concept of EU law and the recognition of its general principles. The Court of Justice of the European Union not only models the concept, but also ensures that the general principles of law are respected by all the institutions of the European Communities and the Member States, which in turn contributes to strengthening the legitimacy of the Communities and of the Union and their legal system and, on the other hand, contributes to a more dynamic integration.
Risks and stability of the banking system of the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   University of European Studies of Moldova, Duhlicher Grigore
Published: April 2021

The banking sector is constantly affected by a multitude of risks, which jeopardize its stability and performance. The multiplication, diversification and continuous intensification of banking risks emphasizes the need to define, identify, analyze and manage these phenomena, this process having a major impact on the stability of national banking systems and global financial balance. Efforts to this end must maintain the stability of financial-banking systems, characterized by a lack of major imbalances, which could lead to systemic financial crises, the inability of financial institutions to conduct financial operations, or the collapse of financial markets.
Quality of education and employers 'requirements at the beginning of the 21st century
Authors:   Free International University of Moldova, Mahajna Alaa , Gribincea Corina ,   University of European Studies of Moldova
Published: April 2021

For centuries, education has remained largely intact being the most conservative space of human effort. Things are evolving and the situation has changed dramatically with the entry of humanity into the digital age. The competitiveness of graduates-specialists that are trained during the university period begins to be achieved during work process, in interaction with employers and is expressed in the success of the workforce according to the acquired and additional specialty. The plunge into the age of digital technologies in almost in all areas of social and economic life and allows economists, politicians, sociologists and scientists to talk about the emergence of the fourth industrial revolution. The purpose of the study is to investigate the requirements of employers towards graduates and specialists in the labor market.
Management accounting of costs for human capital of the service enterprise
Authors:   Izmail State University of Humanities, Soroka Larysa , Umanets Tаtiana ,   Izmail State University of Humanities
Published: April 2021

The systematic study, critical assessment of theoretical provisions and current practice of accounting organization of costs for human capital of the service enterprise, improvement of accounting mechanisms for the use of personal human assets and human capital of the enterprise are provided in the article. It is proved that the need to reflect human capital in accounting is due to the following factors: human capital is considered an integral part of national wealth; determining the main role of human knowledge, abilities, qualifications, and education in the process of social production; change of attitude to a person that is the appreciation of its creative potential and intellectual abilities. Characteristic definitions of human capital in aspects of different spheres of its functioning are analyzed. Peculiarities of normative and legal regulation of human capital as an intangible asset under SSAP and IFRS and identification of contradictions in accounting of personnel costs under the current accounting system are considered. The peculiarities of the organization of primary accounting of human capital at the enterprises of the service sphere are considered. It has been proposed to record information on the costs for human capital in terms of the processes of its formation, use, and development in the Employee Data Card (standard form P-2) by introducing an additional Section VI “Costs per employee.” The financial statements of analytics have been improved to Form No.1 of the Balance Sheet (Statement of Financial Condition) by introducing analytics in the first section of liabilities in the item “Additional capital” of information on human capital of the enterprise, which will generate financial statements for full disclosure to stakeholders, especially investors. Suggestions are given for the prospects of further development: research of accounting of costs for personnel of the enterprise depending on the life cycles of personnel and the enterprise, development of theoretical and methodological bases of corporate social reports on human capital, improvement of personnel value assessment methods (especially residual and liquidation value).
Globalization impact on the world travel market development
Authors:   Izmail State University of Humanities, Tiron Oksana
Published: April 2021

The paper deals with the research of the theoretical and methodological bases of the world travel market functioning, taking into account the new trends influence on it and gives the characteristic of the forms of these trends. We provide the globalization processes dynamics assessment and their impact on the world travel market development. It enables the determination of the main features of Ukraine’s participation at the world travel market and results in the indication of the Ukrainian tourist product development prospects at it. The development of tourism, as one of the basic branches of national economy, is an important factor of the social development and cultural growth of Ukraine. Tourism is the source of foreign currency income in the state treasury and also the center of new jobs creation.
Causes of behavioral deviation in adolescents
Authors:   University of European Studies of Moldova, Cojocaru Aurelia , Panczi Violina ,   University of European Studies of Moldova
Published: April 2021

Failures in certain areas of life leave adolescents with a feeling of worthlessness, low self-esteem, confusion of identity, thus causing them quite strong internal conflicts that can lead to emotional imbalances and ultimately to deviant behavior. In contemporary society, the tendency of adolescents to join reference groups has a large impact on their behavior, because on the one hand, it can allow them to assert themselves, awareness of the desire to delimit themselves from family and school authority, but on the other hand, not all groups can have beneficial effects on them. The existence of numerous groups dealing with illicit acts, groups with recidivists or with a criminal record is a source of attraction for adolescents with social deficiencies, leading them to train in deviant acts and then delinquents who are highly dangerous for society (rapes, thefts, robberies). Group delinquency is characteristic of juvenile delinquency, the main acts being hooliganism, rape, violence, vehicle theft. Most juvenile delinquency behaviors can fall into four broad categories: theft, violence to gain a material advantage, violation of status laws (school dropout, absenteeism), and group or gang behavior received by others as a threat due to physical activity involved.
The memory of migration: in-depth interview with immigrant adolescents from the moldovan diaspora in Italy
Authors:   University of European Studies of Moldova, Roșca Tatiana
Published: April 2021

The paper is an analysis of the migratory path of immigrant Moldovan adolescents from Italy, emphasizing the impact of leaving the country of origin on social inclusion, the specificity of life after family reunification and the new beginning in the context of the host country. Highlights the difficulties of young people, related to separation from loved ones, meeting with the new condition of "immigrant" and rebuilding family relationship.