bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ И МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ ПО ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ УСТОЙЧИВОГО СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ОТСТАЮЩИХ РЕГИОНОВ
Authors: ОСМАНОВА АМИНАТ МАГОМЕДХАНОВНА
Published: July 2024

К настоящему времени усилилось семантическое искажение термина «устойчивый», поскольку его стали использовать фрагментарно в виде экономического, социального и экологического устойчивого развития. В связи с чем исследования теоретических и методологических основ устойчивого развития приобрели актуальный характер для современной российской экономической науки. Целью научного исследования являлась систематизация теоретико-методологических подходов. Теоретическую и методологическую основу работы составили фундаментальные труды отечественных и зарубежных учёных по проблемам устойчивого социально-экономического развития регионов. В результате исследования определено, что существующий подход линейной экономики привел к увеличению производства отходов и истощению ресурсов, что представляет собой серьезную угрозу для окружающей среды и здоровья населения. Чтобы преодолеть эти препятствия, в мировом промышленном сообществе завоевала популярность альтернативная модель, называемая концепцией экономики замкнутого цикла. Также представлена институциональная экономическая система с акцентом на устойчивое производство и потребление, которая опирается на понимание классической институциональной экономики, а также новых институциональных подходов. В заключении делается вывод о том, что основной импульс следует придать укреплению основы экономики, в которой используются такие инструменты, как зеленые технологии, стратегии декарбонизации, процессы биопереработки, анализ потоков материалов, оценка жизненного цикла, экологические последствия, анализ потоков веществ, индекс цикличности, экологическое проектирование, управление биоресурсами, новые бизнес-модели и политика, играющая важную роль в областях социально-экономической устойчивости, экологических фактов и промышленных аспектов для устойчивого социально-экономического роста. Отраслевая и секторальная осведомленность, сотрудничество и партнерство между правительством, заинтересованными сторонами, политиками и компетентными органами также имеют важное значение для обеспечения цикличности внутри экосистем.
СУЩНОСТЬ ТРУДОВЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В СЕЛЬСКОМ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕ И ФАКТОРЫ, ВЛИЯЮЩИЕ НА ИХ ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВО
Authors: КЛИМОВА АЛЁНА ВАЛЕРЬЕВНА , ШАМИН АНАТОЛИЙ ЕВГЕНЬЕВИЧ
Published: July 2024

В данной статье рассматриваются теоретические вопросы сущности воспроизводственного процесса трудовых ресурсов в сельском хозяйстве и представлены факторы, влияющие на их воспроизводство. Государством принимаются меры по улучшению воспроизводственного процесса трудовых ресурсов, в частности, развитие социальной инфраструктуры на сельских территориях с целью увеличения продолжительности жизни людей и закрепления молодежи на селе, однако этих мер недостаточно, необходимы новые подходы, что и подтверждает актуальность темы, предмета и объекта исследования. Основой исследования являлись труды как зарубежных, так и отечественных классиков по теории воспроизводства трудовых ресурсов, современные разработки по данной теме. Были использованы общенаучные методы исследования, информационной базой стали материалы государственной статистики и международных баз данных. В ходе исследования выявлены различные подходы к определению сущности понятия человеческого потенциала. Уточнено и дополнено понятие «трудовые ресурсы», проанализированы стадии процесса воспроизводства трудовых ресурсов в сельском хозяйстве. Нами предложена классификация факторов, влияющих на трудовые ресурсы, учитывающая социально-экономическую и природно-климатическую обусловленность воспроизводства трудовых ресурсов. Вместе с тем, в целях увеличения занятых в сельском хозяйстве необходимо стимулировать трудоустройство молодежи с 14 лет и лиц старше трудоспособного возраста. Сельские территории имеют свой специфический жизненный уклад, который необходимо сохранить, при этом создать условия для закрепления молодежи на селе, устраняя нежелательные факторы перетока трудоспособности населения из деревни в город.
АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ РЫБНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ
Authors: ДЕМЧУК ОЛЕГ ВЛАДИМИРОВИЧ
Published: July 2024

В представленной статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с современными проблемами развития рыбного хозяйства и оцениваются факторы, оказывающие наибольшее влияние на него. Современные тенденции экономики различных стран характеризуются появлением новых причинно-следственных следственных связей, обуславливающих новые направления развития, как отдельных отраслей, так и всей экономики государства в целом. В ходе написания статьи использовались такие научные методы: эмпирического исследования, диалектический, системный и функциональный. Наиболее полно в работе использовались научные методы анализа, обобщения, классификации и конкретизации теоретической и статистической информации. Полученные в ходе работе результаты позволяют выявить совокупность проблем стоящих как перед предприятиями рыбного хозяйства, так и перед отраслью в целом на современном этапе. Также в работе определены направления развития рыбной отрасли, которые позволят повысить ее эффективность и роль в национальной экономике. Представленные в статье выводы могут использоваться предприятиями при разработке своих бизнес-планов или планов стратегического развития, а также при разработке отраслевых планов развития рыбного хозяйства в среднесрочной перспективе.
ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ СПОСОБЫ КОММЕРЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ ЦИФРОВЫХ ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЙ ИСКУССТВА
Authors: СМИРНОВА ВЕРОНИКА РЕМОВНА , ЧЕРНЯВСКИЙ СЕРГЕЙ ВАДИМИРОВИЧ , ВАСИЛЬЕВА ЮЛИЯ СЕРГЕЕВНА
Published: July 2024

В статье рассматриваются вопросы коммерциализации цифровых произведений искусства в различных сферах: от рекламы, компьютерных игр до одежды и образования. Рассмотрены инновационные методы коммерциализации цифровых арт-объектов: выставки, онлайн аукционы, онлайн платформы, сервисы и NFT маркетплейсы. Представлен анализ структуры и показателей мирового и российского рынка арт-рынка в целом и его цифрового сегмента, в частности. Приведены риски, сопровождающие данный процесс. Полученные в статье выводы показали, что маркетинговое продвижение коммерциализации цифрового произведения искусства влияет на повышение узнаваемости автора, рост продаж на арт-объект и др.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM USING MACHINE LEARNING IN SMART HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
Authors: Yamuna K. S.
Published: July 2024

The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) in medical applications into healthcare applications has enabled the remote monitoring of patients' information, facilitating timely diagnostics as required. The technology of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) empowers doctors to treat patients through real-time monitoring and remote diagnostics. Nevertheless, implementing high-security features that ensure the accuracy and confidentiality of patients' data poses a substantial challenge. IoMT devices have limited processing power and memory, making it impossible to build security technology on them. Methodology: So the proposed work formulates a machine learning-based topology to construct an efficient and precise intrusion detection system using network traffic and patient data. Findings: In this topology, modified Whale optimization topology has been implemented for feature selection, and the intrusion is detected using two ML algorithms namely, Random Forest and SVM. Hence, the proposed method surpasses the current state-of-the-art, achieving an accuracy rate of 99.82%.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON LOW POWER FIXED WIDTH DIGITAL MULTIPLIER ARCHITECTURES
Authors: Mukherjee Biswarup
Published: July 2024

In contemporary portable electronic devices featuring real-time DSP chips, a pivotal challenge lies in minimizing power consumption. The efficiency of these DSP chips is directly impacted by the substantial power dissipation of their multiplier sub-circuits. Consequently, numerous architectures emphasizing low-power consumption, high-speed operation, and compact layout structures for multiplier units have emerged in the literature over recent decades. This manuscript offers insights into select state-of-the-art fixed-width multiplier architectures tailored for low-power operation, presenting a detailed comparative analysis in terms of power consumption, area utilization, and processing delay. Notable among the fixed-width multiplier architectures are the serial, array, Vedic, Booth, Wallace-tree, and Modified Booth-Wallace designs. For operations involving larger operands, the Modified Booth-Wallace architecture is favored due to its reduced latency. This study concentrates on a comprehensive examination and evaluation of various low-power fixed-width multiplier architectures, highlighting diverse operand sizes. Simulation-based assessments utilizing the 45nm PTM model indicate that the Modified Booth-Wallace tree architecture achieves a 73% reduction in latency compared to a basic array multiplier. Moreover, CMOS-based designs demonstrate superior noise margin performance compared to GDI and CCGDI techniques. Notably, the dynamic voltage-controlled CCGDI-based architecture showcases a 60% enhancement in Power-Delay Product (PDP) compared to the conventional CMOS-based Modified Booth-Wallace multiplier architecture. The manuscript's novelty lies in its succinct overview of the latest multiplier architectures implemented at the 45nm technology node, specifically tailored for low-power DSP chips.
Autonomia dos/as alunos/as nas escolas secundárias em Portugal
Authors: Sousa Inês , Ferreira Elisabete
Published: July 2024

Este artigo pretende compreender o processo de autonomia dos/as alunos/as na gestão das escolas secundárias, mobilizando um recorte do estudo em desenvolvimento em Portugal, sobre o Movimento Voz dos/as alunos/as. Neste texto procuramos conceitualizar e discutir a autonomia dos/as alunos/as, a partir das suas experiências, num contexto pós-pandêmico, onde surgem diferentes desafios e preocupações com a voz dos/as alunos/as, a nível nacional, europeu e mundial, e se identificam ou não possibilidades de participação democrática na tomada de decisões escolares. Do ponto de vista teórico-metodológico, parte-se do enquadramento político-normativo e teórico que tem orientado a autonomia e gestão escolar pública (Cortella, 1999; Dewey, 1916; Ferreira, 2012; 2017; Lima, 1998; 2014; 2021; Melville et al., 2018) e utiliza-se uma metodologia quali-quanti, visibilizando as vozes, experiências e reflexões (im)próprias dos/as alunos/as de uma escola no norte de Portugal, salientando-se a complexidade da realidade escolar e percebendo-se que a presença dos/as alunos/as nos órgãos de decisão e espaços formais, organizada e institucionalizada nas escolas, poderá continuar ad aeternum a influenciar pouco a real autonomia dos/as alunos/as. Mas há a registar outras iniciativas, práticas e experiências dos/as alunos/as que podem estar a apontar outras estratégias e caminhos, que queremos continuar a estudar no âmbito da investigação em curso.
Percepções do clima escolar de agentes implementadores do PAIC em escolas de território vulnerável
Authors: Diogo Débora Oliveira , Mamede Maíra , Ribeiro Vanda Mendes
Published: July 2024

Este artigo visa apresentar as percepções das professoras sobre o clima escolar em uma escola que alcança equidade educacional, tendo em vista a elevação dos seus índices no desempenho escolar, encontrando-se situada em território de vulnerabilidade social, na cidade de Fortaleza/CE, fazendo parte do Programa de Aprendizagem na Idade Certa (PAIC). A análise sugere que a adesão ao programa (PAIC) pode ter contribuído para o clima escolar favorável no que se refere ao envolvimento das professoras com os processos de acompanhamento dos alunos, destacando a liderança, disciplina, a adoção de estratégias afetivas e pedagógicas, bem como os resultados educacionais, mesmo sendo reconhecida a vulnerabilidade social da escola. O papel da equipe gestora parece preponderante na definição no clima escolar e do seu impacto na aprendizagem dos alunos.
Pengembangan Kerajinan Dan Motif Sulaman Benang Emas & Perak Untuk Lenan Rumah Tangga
Authors: Ranelis Ranelis , Washinton Rahmad , Sumadi Sumadi , Malik Kendall , Kurniawan Ramadhani
Published: July 2024

Tulisan dengan judul “Desain Produk dan motif sulaman benang emas dan perak untuk lenan rumah tangga” ini tujuannya adalah untuk meningkatkan produk sulaman benang emas & perak yang dihasilkan oleh perajin sulam yang ada di Koto Baru Kabupaten Agam Sumatera Barat. Sulaman benang emas & perak ini biasanya digunakan untuk perlengkapan upacara adat seperti pelaminan, selendang pengantin wanita dan pengiring pengantin atau sumandan, tutup tudung saji dan kampia, saat ini telah dilakukan pengembangan dengan cara membuat desain kreatif dan inovatif dalam bentuk produk lenan rumah tangga berupa sarung bantal kursi, alas meja, dan hiasan dinding dengan menempatkan motif Minangkabau dan motif kreasi perajin dan peneliti. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen. Dengan cara eksplorasi dan perancangan. Berdasarkan hasil eksplorasi dan rancangan telah dapat menghasilkan desain motif yang baru yang ditempatkan pada produk sulaman benang emas & perak yaitu produk perlengkapan lenan rumah tangga berupa sarung bantal kursi, alas meja dan hiasan dinding.
Generalised Local Fractional Hermite-Hadamard Type Inequalities on Fractal Sets
Authors: Olanipekun Peter Olamide
Published: July 2024

Fractal geometry and analysis constitute a growing field, with numerous applications, based on the principles of fractional calculus. Fractals sets are highly effective in improving convex inequalities and their generalisations. In this paper, we establish a generalised notion of convexity. By defining generalised φh-s convex functions, we extend the well known concepts of generalised convex functions, P-functions, Breckner s-convex functions, h-convex functions amongst others. With this definition, we prove Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for generalised φh-s convex mappings onto fractal sets. Our results are then applied to probability theory.
Evaluation of the resistance of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) varieties to the main diseases under the subtropic climate of the Krasnodar region
Authors: Leonov Nikolai Nikolaevich , Ryazantsev Nikita Valerievich
Published: July 2024

The article presents the results of studies conducted in 2018–2021 on the basis of collection peach plantings of the Subtropical Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The resistance of 48 promising peach varieties to the main fungal diseases in the subtropical zone of Russia - curl, clasterosporiosis and moniliosis - was studied. The most resistant peach varieties to curl in subtropical conditions can be recommended as new plantings: early ripening ones - Pushistyy ranniy, Summerset, Favorita Morettini, Amsden, Madeleine Pouille; mid ripening varieties - Redhaven, Anton Chekhov, Laika, Osenny Surprise, Larisa; late ripening variety - Lebedev. Peach varieties with very high resistance to clasterosporiosis have been identified: early ripening ones - Amsden, Madeleine Pouillet; mid ripening varieties - Anton Chekhov, Laika, Larisa, Osenny Surprise, Redhaven; late ripening variety - Veteran. Very high resistance to moniliosis have such early ripening varieties - Plamenny, Medin red, Collins, Pushistyy ranniy, Maycrest, Springold, Early Blow, Favorita Morettini, Early Red; medium ripening varieties  Larisa, Laika; and late ripening vazriety Lebedev.
Concentration and ratio of IAA and gibberellic acid as factors to affect the effectiveness of potato micropropagation
Authors: Lugovtsova Svetlana Yurievna , Stupko Valentina Yurievna
Published: July 2024

Nutrient media differed in the concentration and ratio of IAA and gibberellic acid (GA3) were compared concerning their effect on the rate of cloning of potato microplants in vitro. Microplants of the Red Scarlet variety served as the object. Hormone-free Murashige-Skoog medium (MS) was used as a control. The total cultivation period was 49 days. The rate of shoot growth and the internode formation was higher by 1.5 times on the media with phytohormones already in the first week of cultivation. From the 35th day until the end of the observations, the number of internodes on I1G2 media (1 mg/l IAA and 2 mg/l GA3) and I15G3 (1.5 mg/l IAA, 3 mg/l GA3) exceeded the values obtained in the control by 20%. In terms of weight and length, the plants on these media were 20–30% higher and heavier than the control ones. With a decrease in the concentration of hormones to 0.5 and 1 mg/l, respectively, such an increase was not observed. The ratio of IAA to GA3 1:2, regardless of the level of hormones, reduced the rate of rhizogenesis by half (14 days instead of 7) and decreased the root growth rate  by a third (21 days instead of 14) compared with the control. At the same time, the frequency of callus formation on the wound surface of the cutting on these media increased by 4-8 times, and the rate of callus formation increased by 1.5-2 times, in comparison with the control, in parallel with an increase in the absolute values of the phytohormones concentration. Media I05G2 (0.5 mg/l IAA, 2 mg/l GA3) and G3 (3 mg/l GA3) had no stimulating effect on the growth and development of microplants. Since in the process of mass cloning of potato in vitro, the problem of callusogenesis and delayed rhizogenesis can be neglected, and also from the considerations of minimizing the consumption of reagents, I1G2 is the most effective among the studied media.
Economic and biological indicators of clonal rootstocks of apple trees in conditions of the Astra-khan region
Authors: Popova Elena  Viktorovna
Published: July 2024

The task of modern nursery farming includes the proper selection of high-quality one-year-old seedlings grafted onto medium-sized clone rootstocks. The research was conducted at the fruit orchard of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Pre-Caspian Agricultural Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences" in 2020-2022. A trial of apple varieties Aidared, Vishnevaya, and Welsi, grafted onto rootstocks of varying growth vigor M9 (dwarfing), P60 (dwarfing), 62-396 (semi-dwarfing), and 54-118, SK1 (medium-sized) was carried out. The control was M9 rootstock series. The aim of the research was to study and identify seedling rootstocks of stone fruit crops that are most adapted to the conditions of the Northern Caspian region, ensuring the cultivation of high-quality planting material. As a result of the study, it was established that the survival rate of cuttings in the first field of the nursery ranged from 82.0 to 90.0%, with low survival rates observed for the control M9, 62-396, and SK1 (16.3  to 49.8%). Grafting success rate was 95.8 to 100%. Prior to grafting, the thickness of the root collar for 62-396 and 54-118 rootstocks reached 11.2-11.9 mm, significantly exceeding the values of the control (10.3 mm). Practically all rootstocks demonstrated high graft survival rate (100%). The medium-sized rootstock 54-118 showed high yield of the first-grade seedlings (100%). The diameter of the trunk in one-year-old seedlings dug up in autumn was 1.2-1.6 cm, height was 91.0-146.4 cm, and the length of the root system was 18.0-22.7 cm.
The use of nanosize preparation to optimize the potato microclonal reproduction
Authors: Smirnova Yulia Dmitrievna , Podolian Elena Aleksandrovna
Published: July 2024

The work presents the results of experiments researching the effect of silica-humic and iron preparations in nanosize form on the development of potato explants (Solanum tuberosum L.). The research has relevance because there is the need to obtain high-quality potato seed material in the Russian Federation. These preparations was tested as components of the Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) on potato plants Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Arrow in vitro. Their positive effect on the growth and development of microplants was proven. It was found out that the introduction of 5 ml/l of a silicohumiс preparation into the MS medium provided an increase in the root system length of control by 33%, the internodes number increased by 20%. The replace of iron chelate to nanoform obtained by the green synthesis method in MS increased statistically significantly the dry mass of microplants by 44%, the shoot length by 10%. At the same time, the differences in the effect of iron nanoparticles compared with iron chelate on the number of internodes were not revealed. Thus, new preparations form stronger plants in vitro, which can be used for further in obtaining potato planting material. It is especially important for the needs of agriculture, agro-industrial sector and seed production
Diagnosis of oxidative stress in laying hens
Authors: Letkin Alexander Ilich , Zenkin Alexander Sergeevich , Fedoskin Vadim Vladimirovich , Yavkin Daniil Evgenievich
Published: July 2024

Stresses in poultry are widespread; they cause a decrease in egg production and meat productivity, severe pathomorphological changes in organs and tissues, often leading to the death of a sick bird. When diagnosing oxidative stress in laying hens at the age of 5-6 months, it is important to determine such indicators in the blood serum as vitamins E, C, coenzyme Q10 and hormones - adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol. For this purpose, control and experimental groups of laying hens of the Haysex Brown egg direction at the age of 5-6 months of 20 heads each were selected. Laying hens were kept in a cage battery. Technological stress was modeled by changing the planting density of chickens of the experimental group. At the beginning of the studies, the planting density of the bird was 0.25 m2 per head. After 2 months of experiments, the planting density was reduced to 0.4 m2 per chicken. In the laying hens of the control group, the planting density did not change during the entire time of the experiments and was 0.4 m2 per head. It was found out that with the development of a stress reaction, the content of vitamins E, C and Coenzyme Q10 in the blood of chickens of the experimental group sharply decreases compared to the control group. The maximum decrease was on the 30th day of experiments with a planting density of 0.25 m2. When the planting density decreases to 0.4 m2, there are slight shifts in the studied indicators in the direction of increase. These changes should be considered as the beginning of the development of an adaptive reaction and a decrease in the level of oxidative stress in chickens.  The change in the level of thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) occurs at the level of indicators of the control group and cannot serve as a diagnostic criterion of oxidative stress in laying hens.
Dynamics of live weight of heifers born of semen and sexed semen
Authors: Mungin Vladimir Viktorovich , Gibalkina Nadezhda Ivanovna , Chernobrovkina Nadezhda Viktorovna
Published: July 2024

The article discusses the growth and age of productive  insemination of heifers born  of semen and  sexed semen grown by intensive technology. This breed, with proper feeding, is precocious and can have 400 kg of live weight at the age of 14 months. In our experiment, the heifers taken under observation have an intensive increase in live weight of more than 850 grams per day, were productively  inseminated at the age of 14.1 months with a live weight of 399 – 402 kg.
Development of a disinfectant based on alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and iodine
Authors: Strogov Vladimir Viktorovich , Marinicheva Marina Petrovna , Savina Svetlana Valerievna , Fokina Nadezhda Aleksandrovna
Published: July 2024

This article studies the effectiveness of a new disinfectant based on alkylbenzylammonium chloride and 5% alcohol solution of iodine. As a result of the experiments, it was determined that the combined action of two disinfecting agents - quaternary ammonium compounds and iodine increases the disinfecting properties of the resulting disinfectant by potentiating the action. The toxicity of the agent also decreased due to the astringent action of iodine. Also, iodine improves the presentation of the product, and the convenience of its use is ensured by the possibility of long-term storage at low temperatures with subsequent preservation of disinfectant properties after defrosting.
Results of experimental studies of sprouted grain dryer
Authors: Bayramov Rovshan Zahid ogly
Published: July 2024

The article presents the scheme and design of a sprouted grain dryer with a convective and infrared method of supplying thermal energy. Optimization criteria and factors influencing the drying of sprouted grain using the proposed dryer are determined. It is known that the sprouted grain has an inhomogeneous structure, a denser and more voluminous grain and a less dense thin flow. The initial humidity of the sprouted grain before laying in the dryer is 54-56 %, and the final humidity should be 14 %.
Determination of parameters of electrophysical interaction on vegetable crops and potatoes before storage
Authors: Dorokhov Alexey Semenovich , Sibirev Alexey Viktorovich , Aksenov Aleksandr Gennadievich , Mosyakov Maxim Aleksandrovich , Sazonov Nikolay Viktorovich
Published: July 2024

Analytical studies were carried out to determine the parameters of electrophysical interaction on vegetable crops and potatoes before storage. The design parameters of the machine for loading vegetables and potatoes have been substantiated; the strength of the photocurrent of UV radiation required to perform uniform irradiation of root crops and bulbs along the surface of the conveyor of the loading machine, taking into account the cross-sectional area of the root crop, has been established. The number of UV radiation sources was determined based on the uniformity of the distribution of the light flux of the radiation sources with the diameter of light scattering along the working surface of the conveyor belt, the distance between the working surface of the conveyor and the source of UV radiation, as well as the predicted damage to root crops. The pressure force was determined to ensure the introduction of the intake body into the embankment of tubers with a coefficient value that takes into account dynamic factors when introducing the pick-up 1.2...2.0.
Comparative assessment of early maturing corn hybrids of the Russian selection in the conditions of the black soil steppe of the Saratov region
Authors: Denisov Konstantin Evgenievich , Mineeva Larisa Nikolaevna , Pshentsova Anna Igorievna , Eryushev Mikhail Vladimirovich , Mukhortova Irina Vladimirovna
Published: July 2024

The relevance of the study lies in the need to develop the crop industry of the Saratov region to provide the population with products in the context of an aggravated food crisis as a result of the application of sanctions. The scientific significance of this study lies in the possibility of practical application in the region of an early-maturing hybrid of corn to provide the population with food products, as well as an additional source of replenishment of the regional budget. Information on their adaptive ability can contribute to the successful cultivation of early-maturing corn hybrids in the Saratov region. In 2018 and 2019, 4 new early-ripening corn hybrids were tested in the Turkovsky district of the Saratov region. As a result of the analysis, a hybrid was identified that is of practical value, combining increased productivity and the highest gross harvest. The analysis of the economic effect of crop production showed a decrease in the cost of production and an increase in profits. The authors conclude on the effectiveness of growing the identified corn hybrid at enterprises of the Saratov region in the context of import substitution.
Comparative evaluation of potato varieties and hybrids in soil and climatic conditions of the Orenburg region
Authors: Dranaya Elena Viktorovna , Mushinsky Alexander Alekseevich
Published: July 2024

When creating highly productive adaptive potato varieties for an area with sharply continental agro-climatic conditions, it is necessary to select the starting material with high ecological plasticity and stability in a certain area of cultivation. The article presents an assessment of the initial potato material in the soil and climatic conditions of the Orenburg region, which has a high yield. The purpose of the work is to study the adaptability indicators of the potato source material in the conditions of the Orenburg region. The experiments were carried out in 2019-2021. The total area of the plot is 140 m2 (40 ? 2.8 m), the repetition is 3-fold, the options were placed randomly. 15 samples were examined, including 13 breeding potato hybrids (Solanum tuberosum L.). The standard varieties were Nevskii (medium-early) and Spiridon (medium-ripe). As a result of a 3-year study, it was revealed that extensive genotypes with low ecological plasticity (bi = 0.43-0.94) were identified among potato samples: varieties Nevskii, Spiridon and hybrids 12.1-7, M 14.16.25, M 14.12.18, 13.26.30, 13.32.1, 14.07.08, 10.67, 14.17.48. The greatest reaction to the growing conditions had  the breeding hybrid 10.76.1 (bi = 1.49), which has an average yield stability (Si2 = 15.4). Thus, in the arid conditions of the Orenburg region, three intensive-type breeding hybrids (14.07.61, 13.02.9 and 14.13), with high adaptive properties - increased ecological plasticity (bi respectively, 1.07; 1.10 and 1.13) and high stability (Si2 = 2.8; 5.6; 6.9, respectively), were identified according to a comprehensive assessment for breeding.
Evaluation of microgreens of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) grown in vertical farming using associative rhizobacteria
Authors: Puhalsky Jan Viktorovich , Vorobyov Nikolay Ivanovich , Yakubovskaya Alla Ivanovna , Astapova Marina Alekseevna , Kameneva Irina Alekseevna , Levonevsky Dmitry Konstantinovich
Published: July 2024

To study the effect of associative rhizobacteria on the growth, yield and change in the biochemical composition of young plants (microgreens) of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) cultivated in protected ground conditions, a model vegetation experiment was carried out on an experimental multi-tiered hydroponic installation. The experiment included three options for using a nutrient substrate: a nutrient solution based on mineral salts; 1.0% suspension of Azospirillum spp. and the combined use of chemistry with an inoculant. The control is the option of growing plants on distilled water without other additives. After 14 days, the highest values in terms of yield and plant height were noted in the variant with the use of mineral liquid. The increase in biometric indicators of plant weight was 7.7% in comparison with the control. Also, in this variant, the plants gained faster in height (+4.4%), during the assessment of the entire cycle of their growth dynamics. The lowest values for biomass and height were noted for the variant using pure inoculant. This result was also reflected in the analysis of plant biochemistry. A decrease in the concentration of total chlorophyll and ascorbic acid in green biomass by 15.0 and 20.0%, respectively, was recorded. The highest values for the content of vitamin C were obtained in the variant of the combined use of mineral salts and bacteria. The increase in control here was 23.5%. On the mineral solution, this figure also increased, but the increase was only 5.8%. An interesting fact is that the total accumulation of essential macroelements in the shoots decreased by an average of 12.0% for all variants, compared to the control. In addition, in all variants, an increase in the proportion of sodium was noted, with a decrease in the concentration of potassium. This may be due to the redistribution of nutrients in favor of the development of the root system at an early stage of vegetation, since the absorption and transport of these elements through ion channels in plants occurs with the participation of the same proteins.
Influence of the polyenzymatic preparation “Flogenzym” on the morphological state of blood of calves with neonatal diarrhea
Authors: Skrigolovsky Nikolai Nikodimovich , Kalyuzhny Ivan Isaevich
Published: July 2024

As the result of investigation of the polyenzymatic preparation “Flogenzym” importance in the regeneration of the blood morphological elements when applied in the schemes of complex therapy of new-born calves with neonatal diarrhea it was found out that morphological blood state at clinical symptoms of this disease reflects development of severe pathogenetic processes - activation of oligochromic tendencies, microthrombosis, blood volume reduction and its clotting, immunodeficiency state. Application of “Flogenzym”, together with the basic means of therapy of this disease (Gentamicin and "Ringer-Locke" solution), caused activation of mechanisms of proliferation of blood form elements, leveling the risk of adaptability loss by sick calves at the early stage of postnatal ontogenesis. Dynamics of compensatory changes in the quantitative composition of blood-forming elements, during calves’ treatment with “Flogenzym”, tended to intensify reparative processes from the first days of its administration and stabilize the physiological concentration of the morphological composition of peripheral blood on the fifth day from the treatment initiation.
The unique winter of 2022-2023 in the Saratov region and its impact on the overwintering of winter crops
Authors: Zavyalova Elena Vladimirovna , Demakina Irina Igorevna , Fisenko Boris Viktorovich , Chulenev Anatoly Sergeevich
Published: July 2024

Agricultural production largely depends on the climatic conditions of the area. Therefore, to assess and predict their impact when growing crops, it is necessary to take into account the phenology of the cultivated crops. The article outlines the climatic characteristics of the winter period of 2022-2023, which determine the overwintering conditions and, as a consequence, the yield of winter grain crops in the Saratov region. An analysis of climatic conditions led to the conclusion that the average air temperature for the winter was 0.7?С above the climatic norm and amounted to an average for the region of -7.6?С, and the amount of precipitation amounted to 73% of the climatic norm (76 mm). The winter period of 2022-2023 was characterized by a large number of thaws, and the early transition of average daily temperatures through 0°C contributed to the melting of snow cover throughout the region 12-22 days earlier than long-term dates (March 4-15, 2023).
Analysis of the stress-strain state axis of the support wheel of the onion crop planter
Authors: Ovtov Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Gorshkov Kirill Andreevich , Grishin Dmitry Valerievich , Usankin Valery Konstantinovich
Published: July 2024

One of the tasks of vegetable growing is to further increase the rate of vegetable production, based on an increase in the yield of cultivated crops. The most important reserve for the growth of vegetable yields, and in particular turnip onions, is the use of modern technologies based on the use and proper operation of agricultural vegetable growing equipment. At the present stage, the technological and technical equipment of domestic producers of vegetable crops largely depends on foreign manufacturers of agricultural machinery. Consequently, research related to the improvement of working bodies and aggregates of agricultural machines for the industrial production of vegetable products does not lose its relevance. The article presents the design of the support wheel for planting onion crops. The loads acting on the axis of the support wheel of the planting of onion crops are determined. The stress-strain state of the support wheel axis was analyzed using the APM FEM module of the Compass 3-D automated design system.
Evaluation of the effect of application of polyacetal composite for manufacturing slot sprayers
Authors: Slavkina Viktoria Eduardovna , Kataev Yuriy Vladimirovich , Sviridov Alexey Sergeevich , Zagoruiko Mikhail Gennadievich
Published: July 2024

The paper deals with theoretical computations of a three-dimensional model of a slotted atomiser of an agricultural sprayer. The results of theoretical calculations of pressure on atomiser walls and working fluid flow velocity are presented. The obtained data showed that the maximum flow velocity reaches 30 m/s in the area of liquid atomisation, and the model liquid flow rate is 5.7% less than the performance of the reference atomiser. The results of bench tests on wear of samples from the developed composite material and samples from pure polyacetal are also presented. On average, the wear resistance of samples filled with silicon carbide is 4.2 times higher than samples made of pure polyacetal.
Generalization of lysimetric observations with prolonged use of mineral fertilizers and protective agents in potato plantings
Authors: Potapova Natalia Vasilievna , Smolin Nikolai Vasilievich , Nikolsky Alexander Nikolaevich , Potapov Ilya Vladimirovich , Karmanov Efim Sergeevich
Published: July 2024

The lysimetric method for studying the balance of nutrients and their migration from the active root layer of soil is one of the most accurate and advanced methods in modern agrochemistry. Using a lysimetric experiment, the intensity of the discharge of excess moisture into groundwater and chemical substances dissolved in it is established. Studies carried out in the lysimetric laboratory have shown that weather conditions significantly influence potato yields, which critically depend on summer precipitation. With many years of systematic use of mineral fertilizers for potatoes, over time the efficiency of the applied fertilizers increased. If, when growing the first potato crop in general rotation (1989), the yield of tubers in the variant with the application of a high dose of mineral fertilizers and a complex of plant protection products was 24 % higher than the control variant, then in 2005 this figure was 70 % higher than the control, and in 2015 – 2.7 times.
Installation for heat treatment of fat raw materials
Authors: Voronov Evgeny Viktorovich , Novikova Galina Vladimirovna , Suslov Sergey Aleksandrovich , Prosviryakova Mariana Valentinovna , Mikhailova Olga Valentinovna
Published: July 2024

There is a problem of neutralizing unpleasant odors during heat treatment of secondary fat-containing meat raw materials to preserve the consumer properties of protein feed at low energy costs in farms. The purpose of the research is to develop an installation with sources of electrophysical factors for heat treatment with disinfection and odor neutralization of secondary fat-containing meat raw materials in a continuous mode in farm conditions with justification of effective modes that reduce energy costs. The raw material under study is the stomach chambers of a ruminant animal. Visualization of the EMF distribution in a truncated conical resonator and calculations of the intrinsic Q factor and justification of the electric field strength were carried out by modeling electrodynamic processes using the CAD/CAE program of the CST Microwave Studio 2017 system. The effective operating modes of the installation are determined using regression equations.The installation contains a truncated conical resonator, inside which  a fluoroplastic perforated pipe with a diameter less than the depth of penetration of the wave into the fat-containing raw materials is coaxially located. A fluoroplastic electrically driven spiral screw is installed inside the pipe. A ceramic perforated concave annular mirror is mounted above the truncated part of the resonator. An annular surface with corona needles is located under the base of the resonator, under which electrodes are radially mounted - electric and gas discharge lamps connected to kilohertz frequency generators, as in a darsonvalization device (110 kHz). When the lamps are located at a distance of 0.5.1 cm from the needles, a corona discharge occurs between them. The main operating factors in the installation are: bactericidal flow; sinusoidal current of kilohertz frequency; high-voltage (3.5 kV) corona discharge, which provides ionization processes, air ozonation and heat generation. Effective modes of operation of the installation: specific power of the generator 2.6 W/ g; duration of exposure 6-9 min; electric field strength 4-6 kV/cm; heating temperature of raw materials 108-110 °C; installation capacity 23.6 kg/h.
The use of mixtures of peat and sapropel in animal husbandry and crop production
Authors: Malyshev Pavel Aleksandrovich
Published: July 2024

The article shows the effectiveness of using humic substances obtained from natural sources of raw materials (peat and sapropel) in crop and livestock production. They have a positive effect on the condition of crops and animals. Peat-sapropel mixtures have a special effect. As a result of cavitation treatment of natural raw materials, peat-sapropel concentrate was produced. It is a fertilizer with a stimulating effect and fungicidal activity. It not only saturates the soil with nutrients, but also increases its water-holding capacity and improves its structure. For grain, vegetable and fruit crops, PRECOGROW (manufactured by PRECOFERT s.r.o., Czech Republic) is used as a fertilizer and growth stimulator. Great importance is attached to the use of peat-sapropel concentrate in animal husbandry. Its main purpose is to improve the health of various animal species and increase their productivity. TSC PRECOCARE, “Benefits for Livestock”, “Multicare” (Eco Trade Group LLC, Ekaterinburg, Russia) have a positive effect on the body of animals and poultry. Research has shown that organic matter, containing a complex of beneficial nutrients and biologically active compounds, plays a major role in increasing agricultural productivity.
Increase in beef production by interbreeding in the conditions of the Novgorod region
Authors: Petrova Galina Vasilievna
Published: July 2024

In an experiment conducted in the conditions of a farm of the production site of the Novgorod Research Institute on animals of the maternal Ayrshire breed and their two-breed crossbreeds obtained from industrial crossing with bulls of specialized meat breeds of the Charolaise, Hereford and Aberdeen Angus, their meat productivity and meat quality were studied when grown in the environment of a particular region. It was found out that the cost of feed units per 1 kg of weight gain in crossbreeds of all variants of crossing is less than that of control Ayrshire peers, crossbreed animals digest feed nutrients better (with the exception of raw fat). The difference in live weight at the age of 18 months is greater than Ayrshire peers in the group of Charolais crossbreeds by 23.8%, Hereford by 21.1% and Aberdeen-Angus by 9.3%. The advantage in slaughter yield in crossbred animals was 2.75–6.26%. The tasting evaluation and chemical composition showed the superiority of meat products of Ayrshire ? Aberdeen-Angus crossbreeds over other variants.
The relationship of dairy productivity indexes of first-calf cowы of the Schwyz breed in the SPK «Suvorovsky» of the Smolensk region
Authors: Prishchep Elena Aleksandrovna , Gerasimova Alla Sergeevna , Sysoinkova Diana Vyacheslavovna
Published: July 2024

The results of studies of the indicators of the relationship of the dairy signs of cows first calving of the breeding reproducer the SPK "Suvorovsky" of the Smolensk region are presented.  The nature of variability, correlative relationship and inheritance of selection traits of cows was determined, taking into account linear breeding on 707 pairs of "daughter – mother". The cows of first calving of farms were divided by fat content into five groups in ascending order, by protein content into four groups. The correlation coefficient depending on the fat content in group I–II confirms a high relationship between protein - fat in the daughters of bulls of the genealogical group of Concentrate 106157 and the Amur line 3033 (p ? 0.001), in group III–V the average relationship in the genealogical group of Concentrate 106157 (p ? 0.001) and Meridian 90827 (p ? 0.001). The final indicators of the correlation coefficient evidence  a relationship between these components, which suggests a possible increase in protein content with an increase in fat content in cow milk. Strong (p?0.001) protein-fat correlation in group I in the daughters of bulls of the Meridian line 90827, in group III of the Amur line 3033. The average correlation (p?0.001) in group I in the daughters of bulls of the genealogical complex Master and group II – Concentrate 106157. The presence of animals in the herd combining the studied signs indicates the possibility to obtain animals with a positive connection to increase productivity.
The influence of the design and operating parameters of the working bodies on the energy indicators of the tillage tool
Authors: Sokolov Nikolai Mikhailovich , Strelttsov Sergey Borisovich , Pokusaev Pyotr Aleksandrovich
Published: July 2024

The article describes the technological process of resource-saving basic tillage on sloping lands, which provides a significant reduction in losses of soil and water resources. Reducing the process of water and technological erosion on the slopes is based on the principle of forming an anti-erosion microrelief on the surface of arable land from a mixture of soil and stubble. The constructive scheme of the tillage tool RF patent No. 2612211 is presented and the process of its operation is described. A theoretical analysis of the technological process of soil tillage is carried out, the results of calculating the traction resistance of a tillage tool equipped with plane-cutting paws for non-shaft processing and ploughshare - pruning working bodies to create an anti-erosion microrelief are presented. The obtained analytical expressions allow us to determine the traction resistance of the tool, taking into account the main design parameters of the working bodies and the slope of the treated area. The graphical dependencies and analytical expressions presented in the article can be used in the calculations and design of similar tillage implements.
Theoretical and practical aspects of ensuring the safety of workers at diagnostic posts, maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery
Authors: Shkrabak Roman Vladimirovich , Shkrabak Vladimir Stepanovich , Gusev Alexey Vyacheslavovich , Frolov Anton Sergeevich , Shkrabak Arina Vailievna
Published: July 2024

The article presents the results of theoretical and practical research on ensuring the safety of operators of diagnostic posts, maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery. The analysis of the situation in the implementation of these works is carried out on the basis of the proposed logical schematic diagram of providing consumers with food, where the role of the listed measures with the use of electromechanization means in food production is noted. The peculiarity of the types of activity under consideration was taken into account with the understanding that agricultural production is the base (source) of food supply for the population, i.e. essentially (with a few exceptions) raw materials in the form of products of crop production, animal husbandry, poultry farming, horticulture and other sub-sectors. Analytical dependencies in the form of parameter functions are obtained, which are determined by occupational safety in agricultural structures when using electromechanization tools in operations to restore their operability through diagnosis, maintenance and repair not only within the amortization periods of use. Examples of innovative author's solutions to the problems under consideration (professional selection) are given human resources, diagnostic methods, devices for effective maintenance and repair of engineering equipment.