bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of Quaternary Allylic Amino Acid Derivatives through Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation Reaction of Azlactones with Vinyl Aziridine
Authors: Huang Ke-Xin , Gao Wen-Chao , Chen Zhao-Yang , Liu Xue-Guo , Ye Hong-Yong
Published: June 2022

A highly efficient Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylation reaction of azlactones with vinyl aziridine has been achieved for the first time to access­ functionalized quaternary allylic amino acid derivatives (17 examples, up to 89% yield and 80% ee). Moreover, the broad scope and easy transformations of the products reinforce the value of this approach, which can enrich the chemistry of quaternary allylic amino acid derivatives.
Synthesis of para-Quinone Methides via Oxidative Ring-Opening of Spiro-cyclopropanyl-cyclohexadienones
Authors: Wu Jianli , Song Xixi , Li Miaomiao , Cui Chaoxing
Published: June 2022

An efficient and simple IBX-promoted oxidative ring-opening of spiro-cyclopropanyl-cyclohexadienones was developed. Disubstituted para-quinone methides were obtained with good to excellent yields and high regioselectivity (33 examples, 45–90% yields). This convenient transformation provides a new method to construct significant para-quinone methides and features high efficiency, broad substrate scope, and good functional group compatibility
Long-COVID, Metabolic and Endocrine Disease
Authors: Bornstein Stefan R. , Cozma Diana , Kamel Margrit , Hamad Mawieh , Mohammad Mohammad G. , Khan Naveed A. , Saber Maha M. , Semreen Mohammad H. , Steenblock Charlotte
Published: June 2022

In the aftermath of the corona pandemic, long-COVID or post-acute COVID-19
syndrome still represents a great challenge, and this topic will continue to
represent a significant health problem in the coming years. At present, the
impact of long-COVID on our health system cannot be fully assessed but according
to current studies, up to 40% of people who have been infected with
SARS-CoV-2 suffer from clinically relevant symptoms of long-COVID syndrome
several weeks to months after the acute phase. The main symptoms are chronic
fatigue, dyspnea, and various cognitive symptoms. Initial studies have shown
that people with overweight and diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of
developing long-COVID associated symptoms. Furthermore, repeated treatment of
acute COVID-19 and long-COVID with steroids can contribute to long-term
metabolic and endocrine disorders. Therefore, a structured program with
rehabilitation and physical activity as well as optimal dietary management is of
utmost importance, especially for patients with metabolic diseases
and/or long-COVID. Furthermore, the removal of autoantibodies and
specific therapeutic apheresis procedures could lead to a significant
improvement in the symptoms of long-COVID in individual patients.
Diabetes and COVID-19: Short- and Long-Term
Consequences
Authors: Steenblock Charlotte , Hassanein Mohamed , Khan Emran G. , Yaman Mohamad , Kamel Margrit , Barbir Mahmoud , Lorke Dietrich E. , Rock John A. , Everett Dean , Bejtullah Saqipi , Heimerer Adrian , Tahirukaj Ermal , Beqiri Petrit , Bornstein Stefan R.
Published: June 2022

When the corona pandemic commenced more than two years ago, it was quickly
recognized that people with metabolic diseases show an augmented risk of severe
COVID-19 and an increased mortality compared to people without these
comorbidities. Furthermore, an infection with SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to lead
to an aggravation of metabolic diseases and in single cases to new-onset
metabolic disorders. In addition to the increased risk for people with diabetes
in the acute phase of COVID-19, this patient group also seems to be more often
affected by long-COVID and to experience more long-term consequences than people
without diabetes. The mechanisms behind these discrepancies between people with
and without diabetes in relation to COVID-19 are not completely understood yet
and will require further research and follow-up studies during the following
years. In the current review, we discuss why patients with diabetes have this
higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 symptoms not only in the acute phase
of the disease but also in relation to long-COVID, vaccine breakthrough
infections and re-infections. Furthermore, we discuss the effects of lockdown on
glycemic control.
Metal- and Additive-Free Intermolecular Aziridination of Olefins Using N-Boc-O-tosylhydroxylamine
Authors: Jat Jawahar L. , Tiwari Bhoopendra , Chandra Dinesh , Kumar Puneet , Singh Vikram
Published: June 2022

A metal and additive-free stereospecific direct N-H and N-Me aziridination of inactivated olefins is disclosed using N-Boc-O-tosyl­hydroxylamine (TsONHBoc) as an aminating agent in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP). The use of TsONHBoc, which generates the free aminating agent in situ under the reaction conditions, has several inherent advantages over other similar agents, such as low cost, easy access, and stability (non-explosiveness) during storage over a longer time.
Adult Admissions to a Canadian PICU during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Holt Tanya , Smith Leanne , Hansen Gregory
Published: June 2022

In response to the burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and overwhelmed intensive care unit (ICU) resources, some pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) have had to adapt. The purpose of this study was to assess the criticality, scope of diagnosis, and outcomes of an adult cohort admitted to a Canadian PICU. A retrospective chart review was completed on all patients between 17 and 50 years of age admitted to the PICU between June 2020 and December 2021. Admission data included body mass index (BMI), admission sequential organ failure assessment score (SOFA), COVID-19 status, diagnosis, and comorbidities. The duration of ventilatory support, PICU and hospital admission, and mortality and discharge disposition were assessed. Discrete variables were reported as percentages and continuous data as means with standard deviations or medians with interquartile range. Sixty-five adult patients were admitted to the PICU for a total of 437 days, with a mean SOFA score of 6.6 and the overall mortality rate of 4.6%. Six patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia, were admitted with a mean SOFA score of 11.8 and a BMI of 38.3 kg/m2, and all were discharged to the ward. During the COVID-19 pandemic, pediatric intensivists in a Canadian PICU managed adult patients up to 50 years of age with high criticality and broad-ranging diagnoses with a low mortality rate. PICUs may be a safe critical care decompression option for adult ICUs during future endemics or pandemics.
Spectral response of vibrational polaritons in an optomechanical cavity
Authors: Barbhuiya Sabur A. , Yeasmin Sajia , Bhattacherjee Aranya B.
Published: June 2022

Vibrational strong coupling provides a convenient way to modify the energy of molecular vibrations and to explore the control of chemical reactivity. In this work, we theoretically report the various vibrational anharmonicities that modulate the dynamics of optomechanically coupled W(CO)6-cavity. The optomechanical free-space cavity consists of movable photonic crystal membrane, which creates photonic bound states to interact with the molecular vibration. This coupled system is used for realizing strong optomechanical dispersive or dissipative type coupling, which provides a platform to explore the new regimes of optomechanical interaction. The addition of different strong coupling and mechanical (nuclear) anharmonicities to the optical cavity establishes a modified splitting dynamics in the absorption spectrum and shows that the ground-state bleach of coupled W(CO)6-cavity has a broad, multisigned spectral response. This work demonstrates the possibility of systematic and predictive modification of the multimode spectroscopy of optomechanical W(CO)6-cavity polariton system.
Subcritical transition of Taylor−Couette−Poiseuille flow at high radius ratio
Authors: Matsukawa Yuki , Tsukahara Takahiro
Published: June 2022

We performed direct numerical simulations of Taylor–Couette–Poiseuille flows within an annular channel with a radius ratio of 0.883. A parametric study was conducted on subcritical transition processes of the wall-bounded combined shear flow with a torsional base-flow profile with three control parameters of F(P) representing the axial mean pressure gradient and two Reynolds numbers Rein and Reout, based on the inner cylinder and outer cylinder rotational velocities, respectively. In the set (Rein,Reout)=(400,−1000), the laminar flow becomes turbulent via finite-length and infinite-length turbulent bands, called one-way helical turbulence, as F(P) increases. Two-way helical turbulence appeared in the counterpart of the annular Poiseuille flow without cylindrical rotations, suggesting that the azimuthal Couette flow broke the symmetry of the helical turbulence of the axial Poiseuille flow. In the set of (Rein,Reout)=(800,−2000) and (1200,−3000), we found a ring-shaped localized turbulence at F(P) that provided an axial friction Reynolds number comparable to the azimuthal one. The flow states were mapped in parameter space spanned by the axial and azimuthal friction Reynolds numbers. Eight different flow regimes, including the laminar state, were identified based on turbulent statistics during these flow visualizations.
An automatic shape-aware method for predicting heat flux of supersonic aircraft based on a deep learning approach
Authors: Li Tong , Guo Lei , Yang ZhiGong , Sun GuoPeng , Zeng Lei , Liu ShenShen , Yao Jie , Li Ruizhi , Wang Yueqing
Published: June 2022

Sustained hypersonic flight within the atmosphere causes aerodynamic heating, which poses huge challenges for the thermal protection systems of hypersonic aircraft. Therefore, the heat flux on the aircraft surface needs to be computed accurately during the aircraft design stage. Previous approaches have not been able to achieve simultaneous accuracy and efficiency when computing the heat flux. To deal with this problem, an efficient heat flux prediction method based on deep learning techniques, called SA-HFNet, is proposed in this paper. SA-HFNet tries to learn the relationship between the heat flux and the aircraft shape and flight conditions using deep neural networks without solving the Navier–Stokes equations. Unlike other intelligent methods, SA-HFNet can automatically become aware of changes in aircraft shape. As far as we know, it is the first intelligent method that is able to obtain the heat flux quickly and adapt to changes both in the global aircraft shape and in local shape deformation. Extensive experimental results show that SA-HFNet achieves promising prediction accuracy in less time compared with computational fluid dynamics methods. Furthermore, SA-HFNet has good generalization capability because it has the potential to predict the heat flux for previously unseen aircraft shapes.
An analytical approach to the anomalous density of water
Authors: Simões M. , Yamaguti K. , Cobo R. F. , Steudel A. , Amaral R. , Santos A. P. R.
Published: June 2022

Water, which is essential for the existence of life, has almost a hundred properties that distinguish it from other liquids. In this paper, we will focus on its density, which, unlike the absolute majority of other liquids, increases with increasing temperature in the vicinity of the solid–liquid transition, for a wide range of pressures, including ambient pressure. Our approach will present an analytical thermodynamic formulation for this problem that has, as a novelty, the introduction of a variable exclusion volume. The excluded volume will be considered a thermodynamic variable, that is, it depends on the system's thermal conditions. This approach will be applied to the two-liquid theory of water, which claims that water molecules can be assembled into two different kinds of clusters. At a given state, the relative numbers of these aggregates can be very sensitive to thermal variations, and, as the excluded volume for each of them is different, when their relative number changes, the total excluded volume also changes. We will show how to gather the ideas of a non-constant excluded volume with the two-liquid theory of water into a new, elegant, and non-trivial analytical expression for the density of water. In the end, we compare our expression with experimental data and show that it provides an exact understanding of the anomalous behavior of water density.
Stability analysis of streamwise vortices over a blunt inclined cone under a hypersonic flight condition
Authors: Zhang Ligeng , Dong Siwei , Liu Shuyi , Yuan Xianxu , Chen Jianqiang , Chen Xi
Published: June 2022

We studied the stability of leeward streamwise vortices over a hypersonic inclined blunt cone under a flight condition by solving the two-dimensional spatial eigenvalue problem (BiGlobal) and plane-marching parabolized stability equations (PSE3D). The stability analyses were performed based on the laminar flow obtained by direct numerical simulation. Due to the azimuthal pressure gradient and large bluntness, a pair of large-scale inward vortices dominate in the vicinity of the leeward ray. Such vortical structures are different from previous studies, where outward vortices are most prominent. Two types of unstable modes are identified, namely, “inner mode” with low phase velocities and “outer mode” with high phase velocities. The inner modes are unstable in a wide frequency range compared to the outer modes, differing from previous studies where inner modes are deemed to lie in a much lower frequency range compared to the outer modes. Moreover, the inner modes, with supersonic phase velocities, are found to be able to radiate weak acoustics outside the vortices. Mack mode, belonging to the outer-mode instability, is most amplified that it is likely responsible for the breakdown of the vortices. BiGlobal and PSE3D results show good agreement regarding the downstream developments of the Mack mode and inner modes and yet exhibit remarkable discrepancies in tracing the evolution of the outer modes, highlighting the necessity of considering the non-parallel effects when studying the stability of streamwise vortices.
Character perspective shift sequences and embodiment markers in signed and spoken discourse
Authors: Parisot Anne-Marie , Saunders Darren
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study is to present a distributional portrait of forms of character-perspective sequences as produced by LSQ (Langue des signes québécoise) signers and Quebec French speakers, in relation to corporal and grammatical marking in a set of recorded discourses. Among the forms we examine are grammatical, corporal and rhythm markers. As for the types of character perspective shift examined, we focus on the nature of the event that is being enacted: speech, thought, action or gesture. The dataset employed in the study consists of short, elicited narratives using video sketches as stimuli. Both Deaf signers and French speakers were asked to describe short scenarios that were displayed without any signing or speech. Half of the stimuli were constructed from a series of factual events containing no emphatic reactions or actions, while the other half included emphatic elements. Twenty-four narratives produced by these two groups were transcribed and coded using ELAN to determine the distribution of character perspective shift sequences (CPS) used in terms of presence (duration) and frequency (occurrences). Further markers were also identified in terms of frequency, which was then analyzed with a factorial ANOVA statistical model. The overall finding of this study is that CPS is used in both language groups, despite their varying results in terms of the distribution of frequency and markers.
Functional adequacy, task-based language teaching and instructed second language acquisition
Authors: Loewen Shawn
Published: June 2022

This commentary synthesizes the five articles in Kuiken and Vedder’s special issue on functional adequacy in
linguistic performance. The commentary considers the different scales that were used to measure functional adequacy, as well as
the relationship between functional adequacy and other measures of linguistic performance such as complexity, accuracy, and
fluency. The commentary also considers how functional adequacy might be usefully incorporated more frequently into studies from a
task-based language teaching or instructed second language acquisition perspective, both as pedagogical instruction and as a means
of measuring linguistic development.
The present and future of functional adequacy
Authors: González-Lloret Marta
Published: June 2022

The concept of Functional Adequacy (FA) proposed by Kuiken and Vedder, and the research conducted by the authors in this special issue is pushing the field of Task- Based Language Teaching (TBLT) and Task-Based Language Assessment (TBLA) towards a more inclusive understanding of what it means to perform a task successfully. In addition, the idea of FA is an important contribution not just for assessment but for research on L2 pragmatic learning through tasks. As demonstrated by the authors in this special issue, the FA rating scale is a reliable and easy-to-use tool. And as I argue, the rating scale can be expanded to assess interactional tasks and tasks mediated by technology, and that has repercussion for practice in the language classroom as well as for research in the fields of TBLT, TBLA, and L2 Pragmatics.
Amorphous silicon nitride deposited by an NH3-free plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method for the coatings of the next generation laser interferometer gravitational waves detector
Authors: Tsai Dung-Sheng , Huang Zhen-Li , Chang Wei-Chih , Chao Shiuh
Published: June 2022

Cryogenic mechanical loss of the mirror coatings will result in thermal noise and limit the sensitivity of the next generation laser interferometer gravitational wave detectors operated at cryogenics. Amorphous silicon nitride (aSiN) films deposited by NH3 plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (NH3-PECVD), a coating method with potential in large area uniform coatings for the next generation detectors, were found previously to have a low cryogenic mechanical loss and without loss peaks that are common in current coatings for room temperature detectors. A positive correlation between N–H bond density and cryogenic mechanical loss in the aSiN films has been observed previously, and the existence of an N–H bond-related asymmetrical two-level system was postulated to account for the cryogenic mechanical loss. In this report, we studied an NH3-free PECVD process to reduce the N–H bond concentration and hence reducing the cryogenic mechanical loss. The N–H bond density of all films deposited by the NH3-free PECVD method was reduced to below the detection limit (<1020 cm−3). The composition of the optimized film is SiN0.33H0.58 which shows the lowest extinction coefficient (1.21 × 10−5 @ 1550 nm), a high refractive index (2.68 @ 1550 nm), and excessively low stress (20.8 MPa), respectively. From 10 K to 120 K, cryogenic mechanical loss of the as-deposited SiN0.33H0.58 varies from 5 × 10−5 to 8 × 10−5 which is two to three times lower than that of the best NH3-PECVD silicon nitride previously obtained. No distinctive cryogenic loss peak was found as well.
On non-Euclidean Newtonian theories and their cosmological backreaction
Authors: Vigneron Quentin
Published: June 2022

Constructing an extension of Newton’s theory which is defined on a non-Euclidean topology (in the sense of Thurston’s decomposition), called a non-Euclidean Newtonian theory, corresponding to the zeroth order of a non-relativistic limit of general relativity is an important step in the study of the backreaction problem in cosmology and might be a powerful tool to study the influence of global topology on structure formation. After giving a precise mathematical definition of such a theory, based on the concept of Galilean manifolds, we propose two such extensions, for spherical or hyperbolic topologies, using a minimal modification of the Newton–Cartan equations. However as for now we do not seek to justify this modification from general relativity. The first proposition features a non-zero cosmological backreaction, but the presence of gravitomagnetism and the impossibility of performing exact N-body calculations make this theory difficult to be interpreted as a Newtonian-like theory. The second proposition features no backreaction, exact N-body calculation is possible and no gravitomagnetism appears. In absence of a justification from general relativity, we argue that this non-Euclidean Newtonian theory should be the one to be considered, and could be used to study the influence of topology on structure formation via N-body simulations. For this purpose we give the mass point gravitational field in

S

3

.
Anisotropic quark stars in f(R) =
R
1+ϵ
gravity
Authors: Pretel Juan M Z , Duarte Sérgio B
Published: June 2022

Within the metric formalism of f(R) theories of gravity, where R is the Ricci scalar, we study the hydrostatic equilibrium structure of compact stars with the inclusion of anisotropic pressure. In particular, we focus on the f(R) = R
1+ϵ
model and we examine small deviations from general relativity for |ϵ| ≪ 1. A suitable definition of mass function is explicitly formulated from the field equations and the value of the Ricci scalar at the center of each star is chosen such that it satisfies the asymptotic flatness requirement. We find that both the mass and the radius of a compact star are larger with respect to the general relativistic counterpart. Furthermore, we remark that the substantial changes due to anisotropy occur mainly in the high-central-density region.
Progress of biomechanical energy harvesters for wearable electronic applications
Authors: Deng Hai-Tao , Wang Yi-Lin , Wen Dan-Liang , Zhang Xin-Ran , Huang Peng , Zhang Xiao-Sheng
Published: June 2022

The rapid development of advanced manufacturing technologies in micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) fields has promoted the advance in wearable electronics. Among them, wearable biomechanical micro-energy harvesters have attracted much attention in recent years to meet the unique power supply demands of wearable electronics serving as sustainable power sources. In the meanwhile, they also have been successfully demonstrated to be either self-powered sensors or other functional devices for wearable electronic applications. Herein, we overview the state-of-the-art of biomechanical micro-energy harvesters for wearable electronic applications, including the summary of working principles and structural configurations of biomechanical micro-energy harvesters. In detail, three promising technologies for biomechanical micro-energy harvesting are studied, i.e. electromagnetic effect, piezoelectric effect, and electrostatic effect. As for the structural configurations, two essential factors to affect the properties of biomechanical micro-energy harvesters are emphasized, i.e. new materials, and advanced manufacturing technologies. For wearable application scenarios, fiber/fabric-based materials and biodegradable/ecofriendly materials are investigated. For advanced manufacturing technologies, micro/nano fabrication technologies for precise fabrication and large-scale fabrication technologies for mass fabrication are summarized. Moreover, we review the wearable electronic applications of biomechanical micro-energy harvesters for powering, sensing, and actuating, respectively, which reveals the feasibility of constructing the smart wearable microsystems based on the abundant function of biomechanical micro-energy harvesters. Finally, we conclude the review and discussed the future development trends of biomechanical micro-energy harvesters for wearable electronic applications.
Modelling and experimental investigations of composition-dependent heat and mass transfer during Cu–Ni alloy nanoparticle synthesis in a transferred arc helium plasma
Authors: Dhamale G D , Das Subrat , Murphy Anthony B , Kandada Satya P R , Balasubramanian C , Ghorui S
Published: June 2022

In the synthesis of alloy nanoparticles (NPs) via arc evaporation and fast quenching, the composition of the synthesized NPs differs significantly from that of the precursor. The properties of the NPs formed following evaporation of a copper–nickel anode by a helium arc are investigated using a nucleation model coupled to the thermal and flow fields derived from a magneto-hydrodynamic simulation of the arc, and experimentally. Results are obtained for three different Cu:Ni precursor compositions, 10:90, 50:50 and 90:10 at%. The synthesized particles are spherical with different size distributions and have a higher concentration of Cu than the precursor in all three cases, in contrast to previous observations, but in accordance with the predictions of the model. Emission spectroscopic measurements of copper and nickel lines indicate that the concentration of atomic copper in the plasma region near the anode is much higher than that of the nickel, in accordance with the predictions of the model. The higher vapour pressure of copper compared to nickel, and its higher activity in the alloy precursor (anode), immersed in a self-consistent thermal and flow field maintained by the transferred arc are found to play a critical role. The thermodynamic, radiative and transport properties of the helium plasma contaminated with evaporated precursor are important in determining the thermal and flow fields.
A new type of cyclotron resonance from charge-impurity scattering in the bulk-insulating Bi2Se3 thin films
Authors: Han Xingyue , Salehi Maryam , Oh Seongshik , Wu Liang
Published: June 2022

This work focuses on the low frequency Drude response of bulk-insulating topological insulator (TI) Bi2Se3 films. The frequency and field dependence of the mobility and carrier density are measured simultaneously via time-domain terahertz spectroscopy. These films are grown on buffer layers, capped by Se, and have been exposed in air for months. Under a magnetic field up to 7 Tesla, we observe prominent cyclotron resonances (CRs). We attribute the sharp CR to two different topological surface states from both surfaces of the films. The CR sharpens at high fields due to an electron-impurity scattering. By using magneto-terahertz spectroscopy, we confirm that these films are bulk-insulating, which paves the way to use intrinsic TIs without bulk carriers for applications including topological spintronics and quantum computing.
Ga3Te3I: novel 1D and 2D semiconductor materials with promising electronic and optical properties
Authors: Zhang Fumin , Wang Bing , Yin Huabing
Published: June 2022

Due to their unique properties and potential applications, low-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) materials, including two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets and one-dimensional (1D) atomic chains, have caused widespread interest. Herein, based on first-principles calculations, we introduce a Ga3Te3I material as an example of novel 2D- and 1D-vdW-based materials. The 2D monlayer and 1D nanochain of Ga3Te3I can be isolated from their bulk counterpart by mechanical exfoliation and possess good dynamical and thermal stability. The electronic, transport, and optical properties of 2D monolayer and 1D nanochain were studied comprehensively. Remarkably, the modest band gaps, 1.98 eV and 2.29 eV for 2D monolayer and 1D nanochain, endow low-dimensional Ga3Te3I materials with promising visible light-harvesting capability and charge carrier mobility. And the electronic properties can be effectively adjusted by the applied strain. Interestingly, 1D Ga3Te3I nanochain exhibits superior mechanical elasticity, which is comparable to those of most reported 1D materials. These highly desirable properties make low-dimensional Ga3Te3I materials reliable candidates in future electronic, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic devices.
Open circuit defect positioning method based on dynamic photon emission microscopy and schematic analysis for mixed signal IC on SOI
Authors: Lan Kuibo , Wen Gaojie , Wei Junqing , Wang Zhi , Qin Guoxuan
Published: June 2022

Failure analysis (FA) was encountered as a ion charging risk when using focused ion beam to insert extra test pads for mixed signal integrated circuits (IC) on silicon on insulator (SOI). To overcome this challenge, and to precisely locate the open circuit defect, this paper described an effective non-destructive FA method based on dynamic InGaAs photon emission microscopy and schematic/layout analysis to determine the open circuit type and position. Nano-probing and electron beam absorbed current was used to located the precise location of the open circuit defect. Two typical samples of mixed signal IC on SOI were used (Samples 1 and 2, with extra and missing emission spots, respectively) to illustrate the analysis procedure and effectiveness for the proposed method. Scanning electron microscope results were presented to verify the accuracy of this method. It was demonstrated that the proposed method was able to accurately determine failure of open circuit efficiently without microprobe for mixed signal IC on SOI.
Prescription for finite oblique parameters S and U in extensions of the SM with m

W

≠
m

Z
cos θ

W
Authors: Albergaria Francisco , Lavoura Luís
Published: June 2022

We consider extensions of the standard model (SM) with neutral scalars in multiplets of SU(2) larger than doublets. When those scalars acquire vacuum expectation values, the resulting masses of the gauge bosons W
± and Z
0 are not related by m

W
= m

Z
 cos θ

W
. In those extensions of the SM the oblique parameters S and U, when computed at the one-loop level, turn out to be either gauge-dependent or divergent. We show that one may eliminate this problem by modifying the Feynman rules of the SM for some vertices containing the Higgs boson; the modifying factors are equal to 1 in the limit m

W
= m

Z
 cos θ

W
. We give the result for S in a model with arbitrary numbers of scalar SU(2) triplets with weak hypercharges either 0 or 1.
Evolution of magnetic phase in two-dimensional van der Waals Mn1−x
Ni
x
PS3 single crystals
Authors: Lu Ziye , Yang Xinyu , Huang Lin , Chen Xiyu , Liu Meifeng , Peng Jin , Dong Shuai , Liu Jun-Ming
Published: June 2022

Metal thio(seleno)phosphates MPX3 have attracted considerable attentions with wide spanned band gaps and rich magnetic properties. In this series, two neighboring members MnPS3 and NiPS3 differ in magnetic atoms, magnetic easy axes, spin anisotropy, as well as nearest-neighbor magnetic interactions. The competition between these components may cause intriguing physical phenomena. In this article, the evolution of magnetism of Mn1−x
Ni
x
PS3 series is reported. Despite the incompatible antiferromagnetic orders of two end members, the antiferromagnetism persists as the ground state in the whole substitution region. The magnetic ordering temperature T
N show nonmonotonic V-shape behavior, and the reentrant spin glass phase at x= 0.5 is observed. In addition, abnormal bifurcation of T
N occurs at x = 0.75, which may be due to the temperature-dependent spin reorientation or phase separation. The evolution of magnetism is further confirmed semi-quantitatively by our density functional theory calculations. Our study indicates that exotic magnetism can be intrigued when multi-degrees of freedom are involved in these low-dimensional systems, which call for more in-depth microscopic studies in future.
Seizures detection using multimodal signals: a scoping review
Authors: Chen Fangyi , Chen Ina , Zafar Muhammad , Sinha Saurabh R , Hu Xiao
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Epileptic seizures are common neurological disorders in the world, impacting 65 million people globally. Around 30% of patients with seizures suffer from refractory epilepsy, where seizures are not controlled by medications. The unpredictability of seizures makes it essential to have a continuous seizure monitoring system outside clinical settings for the purpose of minimizing patients’ injuries and providing additional pathways for evaluation and treatment follow-up. Autonomic changes related to seizure events have been extensively studied and attempts made to apply them for seizure detection and prediction tasks. This scoping review aims to depict current research activities associated with the implementation of portable, wearable devices for seizure detection or prediction and inform future direction in continuous seizure tracking in ambulatory settings.Methods. Overall methodology framework includes 5 essential stages: research questions identification, relevant studies identification, selection of studies, data charting and summarizing the findings. A systematic searching strategy guided by systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) was implemented to identify relevant records on two databases (PubMed, IEEE).Results. A total of 30 articles were included in our final analysis. Most of the studies were conducted off-line and employed consumer-graded wearable device. ACM is the dominant modality to be used in seizure detection, and widely deployed algorithms entail Support Vector Machine, Random Forest and threshold-based approach. The sensitivity ranged from 33.2% to 100% for single modality with a false alarm rate (FAR) ranging from 0.096 to 14.8 d−1. Multimodality has a sensitivity ranging from 51% to 100% with FAR ranging from 0.12 to 17.7 d−1.Conclusion. The overall performance in seizure detection system based on non-cerebral physiological signals is promising, especially for the detection of motor seizures and seizures accompanied with intense ictal autonomic changes.
Fast characterization of plasma states in W7-X with permutation entropy
Authors: Guerrero Arnaiz J F , Dinklage A , Geiger J , Hirsch M , Höfel U , Brandt C , Thomsen H , Schilling J , Rahbarnia K , Neuner U , Zanini M
Published: June 2022

Detecting changes in plasmas is compulsory for control and the detection of novelties. Moreover, automated novelty detection allows one to investigate large data sets to substantially enhance the efficiency of data mining approaches. To this end we introduce permutation entropy (PE) for the detection of changes in plasmas. PE is an information-theoretic complexity measure based in fluctuation analysis that quantifies the degree of randomness (resp. disorder, unpredictability) of the ordering of time series data. This method is computationally fast and robust against noise, which allows the evaluation of large data sets in an automated procedure. PE is applied on electron cyclotron emission and soft x-ray measurements in different Wendelstein 7-X low-iota configuration plasmas. A spontaneous transition to high core-electron temperature (

T

e

) was detected, as well as a localized low-coherent intermittent oscillation which ceased when

T

e

increased in the transition. The results are validated with spectrogram analysis and provide evidence that a complexity measure such as PE is a method to support in-situ monitoring of plasma parameters and for novelty detection in plasma data. Moreover, the acceleration in processing time offers implementations of plasma-state-detection that provides results fast enough to induce control actions even during the experiment.
Quantifying information of intracellular signaling: progress with machine learning
Authors: Tang Ying , Hoffmann Alexander
Published: June 2022

Cells convey information about their extracellular environment to their core functional machineries. Studying the capacity of intracellular signaling pathways to transmit information addresses fundamental questions about living systems. Here, we review how information-theoretic approaches have been used to quantify information transmission by signaling pathways that are functionally pleiotropic and subject to molecular stochasticity. We describe how recent advances in machine learning have been leveraged to address the challenges of complex temporal trajectory datasets and how these have contributed to our understanding of how cells employ temporal coding to appropriately adapt to environmental perturbations.
Duo features of shape memory wire for resonant force sensing
Authors: G Then Mozhi , K Dhanalakshmi , Sundareswari M Banu , Choi Seung-Bok
Published: June 2022

The design and demonstration of a new version of the force measurement system based on the resonance principle by involving shape memory alloy (SMA) is presented. The sensor design enables an electromechanically functional resonator comprising the cantilever beam as the vibratory structural element and the Joule heated SMA as an actuating element. The actuation frequency of the SMA wire is improved up to 5.5 Hz by the optimized activation parameters and an appropriate biasing element. The choice of design attributes of the sensing module is made based on the analysis of the associated technical parameters with different dimensions of the constituents of the sensing assembly. The sensing module that adopts the least stiff configuration by the series arrangement of the active SMA and passive elastic cantilever element is modeled mathematically. The dual/twin phenomena of the SMA wire featured by both, actuation that creates resonance in the structure and self-sensing that senses the resonance state, is deployed. The sensor possesses static sensing capabilities and detects force in the range of 0.785 N to 2.45 N and this scheme of force measurement could be a stand-alone unit, besides is adaptable as an application-specific sensor in the analysis of large flexible structures.
Microscopic quantum point contact formation as the electromigration mechanism in granular superconductor nanowires
Authors: Bartolo Tommy C , Smith Jackson S , Schön Yannick , Voss Jan Nicolas , Cyster Martin J , Ustinov Alexey V , Rotzinger Hannes , Cole Jared H
Published: June 2022

Granular aluminium is a high kinetic inductance thin film superconductor which, when formed into nanowires can undergo an intrinsic electromigration process. We use a combination of experimental and computational approaches to investigate the role of grain morphology and distribution in granular aluminium thin films, when formed into nanowire constrictions. Treating the granular aluminium film as a network of randomly distributed resistors with parameters motivated by the film microstructure allows us to model the electrical characteristics of the nanowires. This model provides estimates of the dependence of sheet resistance on grain size and distribution, and the resulting device to device variation for superconducting nanowires. By fabricating a series of different length nanowires, we study the electromigration process as a function of applied current, and then compare directly to the results of our computational model. In doing so we show that the electromigration is driven by the formation of quantum point contacts between metallic aluminium grains.
Numerical investigation of extra-cavity vector soliton molecules manipulation
Authors: Zeng Jia , Luo Dan , Xu Chaoyu , Pan Jianxing , Wu Zhichao , Huang Tianye
Published: June 2022

We report on the numerical simulation results of vector soliton molecules (VSMs) manipulation based on the extra-cavity projected super-position technique. The VSMs are generated in a passively mode-locked fiber laser, and their time separations can be flexibly adjusted by applying different birefringence parameters. Moreover, along the laser output port, the generated VSMs can be flexibly manipulated by a projected module consisting of a polarization controller and an inline polarization beam splitter. Thus, a 2-2-2 and 2-2-4 type VSMs could be obtained separately. Moreover, we have verified that the vector soliton separation is the key parameter that determines the formation of obtained VSMs. These simulation results would greatly enrich the understanding of soliton dynamics and provide inspiration for experimental researches.
General one-loop reduction in generalized Feynman parametrization form*
Authors: Wang Hongbin
Published: June 2022

The search for an effective reduction method is one of the main topics in higher loop computation. Recently, an alternative reduction method was proposed by Chen in [1, 2]. In this paper, we test the power of Chen's new method using one-loop scalar integrals with propagators of higher power. More explicitly, with the improved version of the method, we can cancel the dimension shift and terms with unwanted power shifting. Thus, the obtained integrating-by-parts relations are significantly simpler and can be solved easily. Using this method, we present explicit examples of a bubble, triangle, box, and pentagon with one doubled propagator. With these results, we complete our previous computations in [3] with the missing tadpole coefficients and show the potential of Chen's method for efficient reduction in higher loop integrals.
Singularity-free treatment of delta-function point scatterers in two dimensions and its conceptual implications
Authors: Loran Farhang , Mostafazadeh Ali
Published: June 2022

In two dimensions, the standard treatment of the scattering problem for a delta-function potential,

v

(

r

)

=
z
δ

(

r

)

, leads to a logarithmic singularity which is subsequently removed by a renormalization of the coupling constant

z

. Recently, we have developed a dynamical formulation of stationary scattering (DFSS) which offers a singularity-free treatment of this potential. We elucidate the basic mechanism responsible for the implicit regularization property of DFSS that makes it avoid the logarithmic singularity one encounters in the standard approach to this problem. We provide an alternative interpretation of this singularity showing that it arises, because the standard treatment of the problem takes into account contributions to the scattered wave whose momentum is parallel to the detectors’ screen. The renormalization schemes used for removing this singularity has the effect of subtracting these unphysical contributions, while DFSS has a built-in mechanics that achieves this goal.
Roadmap on multimode photonics
Authors: Cristiani Ilaria , Lacava Cosimo , Rademacher Georg , Puttnam Benjamin J , Luìs Ruben S , Antonelli Cristian , Mecozzi Antonio , Shtaif Mark , Cozzolino Daniele , Bacco Davide , Oxenløwe Leif K , Wang Jian , Jung Yongmin , Richardson David J , Ramachandran Siddharth , Guasoni Massimiliano , Krupa Katarzyna , Kharenko Denis , Tonello Alessandro , Wabnitz Stefan , Phillips David B , Faccio Daniele , Euser Tijmen G , Xie Shangran , Russell Philip St J , Dai Daoxin , Yu Yu , Petropoulos Periklis , Gardes Frederic , Parmigiani Francesca
Published: June 2022

Multimode devices and components have attracted considerable attention in the last years, and different research topics and themes have emerged very recently. The multimodality can be seen as an additional degree of freedom in designing devices, thus allowing for the development of more complex and sophisticated components. The propagation of different modes can be used to increase the fiber optic capacity, but also to introduce novel intermodal interactions, as well as allowing for complex manipulation of optical modes for a variety of applications. In this roadmap we would like to give to the readers a comprehensive overview of the most recent developments in the field, presenting contributions coming from different research topics, including optical fiber technologies, integrated optics, basic physics and telecommunications.
Ultrafast polarization-tunable monochromatic extreme ultraviolet source at high-repetition-rate
Authors: Comby Antoine , Rajak Debobrata , Descamps Dominique , Petit Stéphane , Blanchet Valérie , Mairesse Yann , Gaudin Jérome , Beaulieu Samuel
Published: June 2022

We report on the development of a high-order harmonic generation (HHG)-based ultrafast high-repetition-rate (250 kHz) monochromatic extreme ultraviolet (21.6 eV) source with polarization tunability, specifically designed for multi-modal dichroism in time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Driving HHG using an annular beam allows us to spatially separate the high-power 515 nm driving laser from the XUV beamlet while preserving the linear polarization axis angle tunability. This enables controlling the polarization state of the XUV radiation with a fixed all-reflective phase-shifter. This scheme leads to a source brightness of

5.7
×

10

12

photons s−1 at 21.6 eV (up to

4
×

10

11

photons s−1 on target) with ellipticities as high as 90%.
The water-carbon constraints’ impact on the development of coal power industry in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Jiefang Wang , Chenmeng Tian
Published: June 2022

In order to study the influence of water and carbon constraint policies on coal power industry under different scenarios, the government can adjust policies timely according to the simulation results. In this paper, a system dynamics model of coal power industry development under water-carbon dual constraints is constructed. Eight provinces in the Yellow River Basin are selected as the research objects, and the year 2020 is taken as the base year and 2021–2030 is taken as the research time zone to carry out an empirical study. The results show that: (1) under the existing water and carbon quota allocation policy, the profit of coal and power industry in the Yellow River basin will decrease obviously, and the development pressure of coal and power enterprises in the Yellow River basin will increase. (2) Water-carbon constraint has obvious extrusion effect on coal power industry. According to the calculation in this paper, the extrusion capacity will reach 395.17 TWh. (3) The water and carbon quota policy does not constrain the coal power industry at the same time. The existing water quota allocation method matches the ‘2030’ water consumption target, but the carbon quota allocation scheme has weak constraint on the coal and power industry in the Yellow River Basin, so the carbon quota should be tightened. (4) After the tightening of carbon quota, the coal emission reduction technology should be upgraded and improved before 2025. After 2025, the coal emission reduction technology can be mainly restricted by quota. (5) New energy planning should be combined with its own development situation and quota allocation policy. When the amount of coal and electricity extruded by water-carbon constraint is not enough to meet the target of new energy installation, it should be planned according to its own development situation and extrusion amount. When the amount of coal power extruded by water-carbon constraint is enough to meet the target of new energy installation, the amount of coal extruded should be taken as the main planning basis.