bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric carbon cycle dynamics over the ABoVEdomain: an integrated analysis using aircraft observations (Arctic-CAP) and model simulations (GEOS)
Authors: Sweeney Colm , Chatterjee Abhishek , Wolter Sonja , McKain Kathryn , Bogue Robert , Newberger Tim , Hu Lei , Ott Lesley , Poulter Benjamin , Schiferl Luke , Weir Brad , Zhang Zhen , Miller Charles E.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The Arctic Carbon Atmospheric Profiles (Arctic-CAP) project conducted six airborne surveys of Alaska and northwestern Canada between April and November 2017 to capture the spatial and temporal gradients of northern high-latitude carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO) as part of NASA's Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE). The Arctic-CAP sampling strategy involved acquiring vertical profiles of CO2, CH4 and CO from the surface to 5 km altitude at 25 sites around the ABoVE domain on a 4- to 6-week time interval. We observed vertical gradients of CO2, CH4 and CO that vary by eco-region and duration of the sampling period, which spanned the majority of the seasonal cycle. All Arctic-CAP measurements were compared to a global simulation using the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) modeling system. Comparisons with GEOS simulations of atmospheric CO2, CH4 and CO highlight the potential of these multi-species observations to inform improvements in surface flux estimates and the representation of atmospheric transport. GEOS simulations provide estimates of the near surface average CO2 and CH4 enhancements that are well correlated with aircraft observations (R=0.74 and R=0.60 respectively), suggesting that GEOS has reasonable fidelity over this complex and heterogeneous region. This model-data comparison over the ABoVE domain reveals that while current state-of-the-art models and flux estimates are able to capture broadscale spatial and temporal patterns in near-surface CO2 and CH4 concentrations, more work is needed to resolve fine-scale flux features that are observed. The study also provides a framework for benchmarking a global model at regional scales, which is needed to use climate models as tools to investigate high-latitude carbon-climate feedbacks.
Harnessing Stratospheric Diffusion Barriers for Enhanced Climate Geoengineering
Authors: Aksamit Nikolas O. , Kravitz Ben , MacMartin Douglas G. , Haller George
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Stratospheric sulfate-aerosol geoengineering is a proposed method to temporarily intervene in the climate system to increase reflectance of shortwave radiation and reduce mean global temperature. In previous climate modeling studies, choosing injection locations for geoengineering aerosols has thus far only utilized average dynamics of stratospheric wind fields instead of accounting for the essential role of time-varying material transport barriers in turbulent atmospheric flows. Here we conduct the first analysis of sulfate aerosol dispersion in the stratosphere comparing a now-standard fixed-injection scheme with time-varying injection locations that harness short-term stratospheric diffusion barriers. We show how diffusive transport barriers can quickly be identified and inform optimal injection locations using short forecast and reanalysis data. Within the first seven days of transport, the dynamics-based approach is able to produce particle distributions with greater global coverage than fixed-site methods with fewer injections. Additionally, this enhanced dispersion slows aerosol microphysical growth, increasing lifespan of sulfate aerosols at monthly and yearly timescales. We conclude that previous feasibility studies of geoengineering likely underestimate the cooling efficiency of sulfate aerosol geoengineering.
Spectral analysis of ground thermal image temperatures: what we are learning at Solfatara volcano (Italy)
Authors: Caputo Teresa , Cusano Paola , Petrosino Simona , Sansivero Fabio , Vilardo Giuseppe
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The Solfatara volcano in the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy), is monitored by different, permanent ground networks handled by INGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia), including thermal infrared cameras (TIRNet). The TIRNet network is composed by five stations equipped with FLIR A645SC or A655SC thermal cameras acquiring at nightime infrared scenes of portions of the Solfatara area characterized by significant thermal anomalies. The dataset processed in this work consists of daily maximum temperatures time-series from 25 April 2014 to 31 May 2019, acquired by three TIRNet stations (SF1 and SF2 inside Solfatara crater, and PIS near Pisciarelli boiling mud pool), and also consists of atmospheric pressure and air temperature time-series. Data pre-processing was carried out in order to remove the seasonal components and the influence of the Earth tides to the selected time-series. By using the STL algorithm (Seasonal Decomposition of Time Series by Loess), the time-series were decomposed into three components (seasonal, trend and remainder) to find seasonality and remove it. Then, a harmonic analysis was performed on the de-seasonalized signals in order to identify and remove the long-period tidal constituents (mainly fortnightly and monthly). Finally, Power Spectral Density was calculated by FFT Matlab algorithm, after applying an acausal Butterworth filter, focusing on the [15–120] d band, to check if characteristic periodicities exist for each site. The reliability and significance of the spectral peaks were proved by statistical and empirical methods. We found that most of the residual periodicities are ascribable to ambient factors, while 18.16 d for Pisciarelli site and 88.71 d for Solfatara have a possible endogenous origin.
An improved method for atmospheric 14CO measurements
Authors: Petrenko Vasilii V. , Smith Andrew M. , Crosier Edward M. , Kazemi Roxana , Place Philip , Colton Aidan , Yang Bin , Hua Quan , Murray Lee T.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Important uncertainties remain in our understanding of the spatial and temporal variability of atmospheric hydroxyl radical concentration ([OH]). Carbon-14-containing carbon monoxide (14CO) is a useful tracer that can help in the characterization of [OH] variability. Prior measurements of atmospheric 14CO concentration ([14CO] are limited in both their spatial and temporal extent, partly due to the very large air sample volumes that have been required for measurements (500–1000 liters at standard temperature and pressure, L STP) and the difficulty and expense associated with the collection, shipment and processing of such samples. Here we present a new method that reduces the air sample volume requirement to ≈ 90 L STP while allowing for [14CO] measurement uncertainties that are on par with or better than prior work (≈ 3 % or better, 1 σ). The method also for the first time includes accurate characterization of the overall procedural [14CO] blank associated with individual samples, a key improvement over prior atmospheric 14CO work. The method was used to make measurements of [14CO] at the NOAA Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, USA, between November 2017 and November 2018. The measurements show the expected [14CO] seasonal cycle (lowest in summer) and are in good agreement with prior [14CO] results from another low-latitude site in the Northern Hemisphere. The lowest overall [14CO] uncertainties (2.1 %, 1 σ) are achieved for samples that are directly accompanied by procedural blanks and whose mass is increased to ≈ 50 micrograms of carbon (µgC) prior to the 14C measurement via dilution with a high-CO, 14C-depleted gas.
Extraterrestrial dust as a source of bioavailable Fe for the ocean productivity
Authors: Gowda Rudraswami N. , Pandey Mayank , Genge Matthew J. , Fernandes Dafilgo
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Bioavailable Fe is an essential nutrient for phytoplankton that allows organisms to flourish and drawdown atmospheric CO2 affecting global climatic condition. In marine locales remote from the continents extraterrestrial-dust provides an important source of Fe and thus moderates primary productivity. Here we provide constraints on partitioning of extraterrestrial Fe between seawater and sediments from observations of dissolution and alteration cosmic spherules recovered from the deepsea sediments and Antarctica. Of the ~ 3000–6000 t/a extraterrestrial dust that reaches Earth surface, ~ 2–5 % material survives in marine sediments whilst the remainder is liberated into seawater. Both processes contributes ~ (3–10) × 10−8 molFe m−2 yr−1. Also, Fe contribution due to evaporation of survived particle is estimated to be ~ 10 % of Fe contribution to meteoric smoke. Changes in extraterrestrial-dust flux vary not only the amount of Fe by up to three orders of magnitude, but also the partitioning of Fe between surface and abyssal waters depending on entry velocity and evaporation.
Carbon sources of benthic fauna in temperate lakes across multiple trophic states
Authors: Fiskal Annika , Anthamatten Eva , Deng Longhui , Han Xingguo , Lagostina Lorenzo , Michel Anja , Zhu Rong , Dubois Nathalie , Schubert Carsten J. , Bernasconi Stefano M. , Lever Mark A.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Previous studies have shown that microbially produced methane can be a dominant carbon source of lacustrine sedimentary macrofauna in eutrophic lakes, most likely through grazing on methane-oxidizing bacteria. Here we investigate the contributions of different carbon sources to macrofaunal biomass across five lakes in central Switzerland that range from oligotrophic to highly eutrophic. Macrofaunal communities change with trophic state, with chironomid larvae dominating oligotrophic and tubificid oligochaetes dominating eutrophic lake sediments. 13C-isotopic data suggest that the average contribution of methane-derived carbon to the biomass of both macrofaunal groups is similar, but consistently remains minor, ranging from only ~ 1 % in the oligotrophic lake to at most 12 % in the eutrophic lakes. The remaining biomass can be explained with assimilation of detritus-derived organic carbon. Low abundances of methane cycling microorganisms in macrofaunal specimens, burrows, and surrounding sediment based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences and copy numbers of genes involved in anaerobic and aerobic methane cycling (mcrA, pmoA) support the interpretation of isotopic data. Notably, 16S rRNA gene sequences of macrofauna, including macrofaunal guts, are highly divergent from those in tubes or sediments. Many macrofaunal specimens are dominated by a single 16S rRNA phylotype of Fusobacteria, α-, β-, γ-, or ε-Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, or Parcubacteria. This raises the question whether dominant lake macrofauna live in so far uncharacterized relationships with detrital organic matter-degrading bacterial endosymbionts.
Alfabetización moral digital para la detección de deepfakes y fakes audiovisuales
Authors: Cerdán Martínez Víctor , García Guardia María Luisa , Padilla Castillo Graciela
Published: September 2020

Los deepfakes son vídeos manipulados donde se suplanta la cara de una persona por la de otra a través de Inteligencia Artificial. Estos contenidos fotorrealistas pueden convertirse en armas de acoso, propaganda o conflicto social. Esta investigación de innovación teórica ahonda en la incipiente literatura científica sobre el deepfake en Ciencias Sociales, poniendo sus bases en los trabajos de Wenceslao Castañares. Sus objetivos son analizar el fenómeno, buscar herramientas para detectarlo y combatirlo, e inaugurar una nueva vía de alfabetización moral digital de especial interés en el campo de la comunicación, por su importancia social y política. Se emplea una metodología diacrónica en dos pasos. En primer lugar, se realiza una investigación bibliográfica longitudinal y se ofrece una descripción histórica, sistémica y descriptiva, con los rasgos más importantes del fenómeno, naturaleza, funcionamiento y posibles usos. En segundo lugar, se realiza una observación científica consciente de más de medio centenar de vídeos deepfake, para percibir el fenómeno, conseguir una mayor generalización y garantizar la validez de los resultados. Los resultados muestran que aunque se han creado softwares de detección de este tipo de fakes, aún no son de acceso libre y gratuito. La única manera de reconocer el deepfake es a través de una educación moral digital, que pueda detectar una serie de parámetros visuales hiperrealistas: frecuencia del parpadeo, efecto intermitente de las caras o transiciones entre cabeza y cuello.
Effects of Capital Structure on Financial Performance of Insurance Companies in Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Bishnu Prasad
Published: September 2020

The study has examined the effects of capital structure on financial performance of insurance companies in Nepal. Data were collected from the annual report of the respective insurance companies' web site. The panel data of 14 Nepalese insurance companies from 2007/08 to 2015/16, leading to a total of 126 observations. The data were analyzed using pooled OLS model, random effect model and fixed effect model. The study has been return on assets as dependent variable whereas total debt ratio, equity to total assets, leverage, firm size, liquidity ratio and assets tangibility are independent variables. The result concluded that equity to total assets, leverage, and assets tangibility have effects the financial performance in Nepalese insurance companies' cases.
Polycystic ovary syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease: Matched pair or sporadic coexistence?
Authors: Łukawska Agata , Kałużny Marcin , Nogalska Sonia , Kubicka Eliza , Kuliczkowska-Płaksej Justyna , Bolanowski Marek
Published: September 2020

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease in developed
countries. This condition includes benign non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis with possible fibrosis leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Association of NAFLD and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been widely discussed.
Women with PCOS are prone to develop NAFLD more often. PCOS is one of the most common
endocrine disorders among reproductive-age women, characterized by an excess of androgens,
anovulation, and polycystic ovary on ultrasound. Obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance
(IR) are frequently observed in women with PCOS, being also important factors predisposing to
the development of NAFLD. IR may stimulate theca cells to excessive production of androgens,
inhibits the production of sex hormone-binding globulin in the liver, which contributes to the
increase of the bioactive form of testosterone. Hyperandrogenemia also plays an important
role in NAFLD pathogenesis and progression. Androgen excess promotes visceral fat accumulation,
development of dyslipidemia, IR, and contributes to low-grade inflammation. The
pathophysiological associations between PCOS and NAFLD are not fully understood although
it seems reasonable to screen PCOS women for the presence of NAFLD.
Corona-Krise meets Care-Krise – Ist das systemrelevant?
Authors: Villa Paula-Irene
Published: September 2020

In der Corona-Krise wurde das Kümmern, Sorgen, Pflegen und Heilen - Care also - in seiner systemrelevanten Funktion öffentlich weitaus mehr anerkannt und politisch gewürdigt als sonst üblich. Gleichwohl hat sich dies nicht in einer besseren Bezahlung oder weiteren Verbesserungen entsprechender Berufe und auch nicht als spürbare Entlastung von Familien niedergeschlagen. Der Beitrag skizziert zunächst, was Care überhaupt ist - die Hinwendung zu den Bedürfnissen des Lebendigen - und inwiefern dies eine weiterhin gleichermaßen vergeschlechtlichte wie vernachlässigte Sphäre des Gesellschaftlichen ist. Dies führt zu einem systematischen Gender Care Gap, das heißt dass Frauen, vor allem Mütter, wesentlich mehr lebensnotwendige Sorgearbeit im Privaten wie im Beruflichen leisten, was wiederum zu materiellen Ungleichheiten führt. In der Corona-Krise hat sich dies, so erste Studien, intensiviert. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird in dem Beitrag für eine Revision gesellschaftlicher Prioritäten und für eine Ausgestaltung von policies zugunsten einer „caring democracy“ plädiert.
The Sum of the People: How the Census has Shaped Nations, from the Ancient World to the Modern Age
Authors: Adamich Tom
Published: September 2020

When I first received a gracious invitation to examine The Sum of the People: How the Census has Shaped Nations, from the Ancient World to the Modern Age, I have to admit I was a bit skeptical as to author Andrew Whitby’s intent to talk about the census as both a concept and an historical narrative spanning a timeline, as the subtitle indicates, “from the Ancient World to the Modern age.” Would the work be just another brief commentary on our current US 2020 Census, or would it digress into a study of enumeration as a tool used by statisticians to merely count human bodies and their geographic location—lacking a human narrative or historic context?
“Who are ‘We the People’?” Pilot Survey Investigating Government Information Professionals: A Conversation
Authors: Flash Kenya , Hallett Dominique
Published: September 2020

At the fall 2017 Federal Depository Library Program conference, a chance conversation regarding government information librarians’ average salaries evolved into a survey to learn who is working with government documents. In the course of the conversation, it became apparent the roles and duties of government information professionals were shifting. After some consideration, the authors determined that the best course of action would be to ask government information professionals about their perceptions of who they are and what they consider the future of government information librarianship to be.
GODORT invites nominations for 2021 Awards
Authors: Sare Laura
Published: September 2020

“What a great project—I know I’ll be passing this information along to my colleagues!” “I wish I had thought of that research topic!” “I wouldn’t be where I am today if not for his mentoring and support!” “Wow, she knows everything about GODORT!”
Estrutura e localização dos serviços de vacinação influenciam a disponibilidade da tríplice viral no brasil
Authors: Vieira Ed Wilson , Pimenta Adriano Marçal , Montenegro Lívia Cozer , Silva Tercia Moreira Ribeiro da
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: analisar a associação de fatores estruturais e diferenças geográficas na disponibilidade da vacina tríplice viral nos serviços de atenção básica no Brasil. Métodos: estudo transversal, com dados secundários do segundo ciclo das avaliações externas do Programa de Melhoria da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) coletados em 19.752 serviços de vacinação de todo o país entre os anos de 2013 e 2014. Razões de prevalência (RP) ajustadas e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC 95%) foram estimados com a técnica de regressão multivariada de Poisson com variâncias robustas. Resultados: a vacina tríplice viral estava sempre disponível em 93% dos serviços estudados, mas com diferenças regionais, sendo a menor frequência observada na região Norte (87,4%; p<0,001). Os seguintes fatores estruturais dos serviços associaramse positivamente à maior frequência de vacina tríplice viral sempre disponível: possuir sala de vacinação (RP: 1,05; IC 95%: 1,01-1,09), sala de vacinação exclusiva para imunização (RP: 1,04; IC 95% 1,02-1,05), geladeira exclusiva para vacinas (RP: 1,13; IC 95%: 1,10-1,16); cartões de vacinação impressos sempre disponíveis (RP: 1,12 IC 95%: 1,09-1,16) e caixas térmicas para vacinas sempre disponíveis (RP: 1,18 IC 95%: 1,14-1,21). Conclusão: a localização e a estrutura dos serviços de atenção básica influenciaram na disponibilidade da vacina tríplice viral no Brasil. Serviços da região Norte e com estrutura deficiente para as ações de imunização apresentaram menor frequência da disponibilidade da vacina.
Avaliação do risco de ulceração nos pés em pessoas com diabetes mellitus na atenção primária
Authors: Lira Jefferson Abraão Caetano , Oliveira Bianca Maria Aguiar de , Soares Débora dos Reis , Benício Claudia Daniella Avelino Vasconcelos , Nogueira Lídya Tolstenko
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: avaliar o risco de ulceração nos pés de pessoas com diabetes mellitus atendidas na atenção primária. Método: estudo transversal analítico realizado em Teresina, Piauí, com 308 pacientes, sendo incluídos maiores de 18 anos diagnosticados com diabetes mellitus e excluídos aqueles com ulceração ativa e/ou neuropatia atribuída a outros agravos. Os dados foram coletados mediante formulário sociodemográfico, clínico e de classificação do risco de ulceração nos pés, no período de fevereiro a agosto de 2019. A análise ocorreu a partir de estatísticas descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: dos participantes, 56,5% tinham mais de 60 anos, 59,7% não realizavam o controle da glicemia, 56,2% não praticavam atividade física, 51,3% estavam com sobrepeso e 54,2% apresentaram grau de risco 1 para ulceração nos pés. A situação conjugal, ocupação e diabetes mellitus há mais de 10 anos, controle glicêmico inadequado, hipertensão arterial, dislipidemia e obesidade tiveram associação estatisticamente significativa com o risco de ulceração. Aqueles com pele seca, deformidades, reflexo do tornozelo e percepção de vibração no hálux alterados apresentaram mais probabilidade de ulceração nos pés. Constatou-se que o exame clínico dos pés e a sensibilidade preservada ao monofilamento foram fatores de proteção. Conclusão: observouse que os aspectos sociodemográficos e clínicos interferem na probabilidade de ulceração, sendo que a maioria apresentou risco baixo. Além disso, no exame clínico dos pés, as alterações na sensibilidade vibratória e no reflexo do tornozelo aumentaram a probabilidade de ulceração, destacando-se que a classificação do risco de ulceração é imprescindível na assistência às pessoas com diabetes mellitus.
Cultura organizacional no trabalho da enfermagem
Authors: Ventura Palloma Fernandes Estanislau Vaz , Silva Doane Martins da , Alves Marília
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: analisar a influência da cultura organizacional na adesão da equipe de Enfermagem ao modelo de gestão da qualidade e segurança do paciente em um hospital universitário. Método: estudo de caso único, de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se o referencial teórico de Fleury e Fischer, nas unidades de clínica médica. Participaram 11 enfermeiros e 11 técnicos de Enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados por meio de observação, consulta documental e entrevistas, sendo submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: foram identificados os elementos simbólicos da cultura organizacional: o poder do professor e poder do médico, força da cultura da universidade, estabilidade dos profissionais estatutários, mito do sétimo andar da clínica médica, processo de trabalho do serviço público, sobrecarga de trabalho e quantitativo de pessoal insuficiente. Esses elementos orientam ações e determinam os comportamentos perante as rotinas, normas e propostas institucionais. Conclusão: a Enfermagem vivencia conflitos, dificuldades de liderança e ineficiência dos mecanismos regulatórios, criando um ambiente no qual autoridades, atribuições e responsabilidades não são reconhecidas. Mantém em suas práticas os elementos simbólicos da cultura e mecanismos de resistências em uma estrutura na qual o poder do professor e do médico determina decisões das unidades.
“Do You Feel Safe at the Border?” An Intermedial Pedagogy for Sensing Communities of Shared Fate
Authors: Glanville Erin Goheen
Published: September 2020

This article considers the limitations of 1990s humanitarian and diaspora frames to mediate a sense of the border that moves beyond securitization and yet remains accountable to refugee claimant advocacy. As an alternative, this article explores an intermedial pedagogy for bringing critical border studies into the realm of embodiment and feeling. Drawing on teaching and research interviews, I consider how asking “do you feel safe at the border?” produces an effective challenge to persistent public emotions conflating national “borders” with the need for “security.” In complex ways, this kind of storytelling can bring into view, what Melissa Williams calls, “communities of shared fate” that exist across the spectrum of legal statuses, tapping in to extant feelings rooted in real, shared vulnerability at the border.
Dire/Ressentir les frontières sur la scène intermédiale
Authors: Béhague Emmanuel
Published: September 2020

Proches dans leur forme, les spectacles analysés ici, soit Europa Trilogie du metteur en scène suisse Milo Rau (2014-2016) et Le présent qui déborde. Notre Odyssée II de la Brésilienne Christiane Jatahy (2019), sont représentatifs d’un paradigme fort du théâtre contemporain, dans lequel des intervenants, agissant en « non-acteurs », viennent témoigner de leur expérience immédiate du réel. Dans ces récits, la frontière comme délimitation politique génératrice de souffrance, comme expérience intime et comme inscription du politique dans le corps occupe une place centrale. Pour un tel théâtre, dans lequel l’émotion joue un rôle-clé, se pose alors la question de savoir comment dire et faire comprendre cette expérience sans pour autant tomber dans le piège de l’identification. Nous développerons la thèse selon laquelle l’interaction avec les différents médias ici à l’oeuvre permet d’éviter cet écueil, dans une démarche où l’esthétique rejoint l’éthique.
Visualizing Lake Ontario through the Installations of Bonnie Devine and Nicole Clouston1
Authors: MacGregor Gwen
Published: September 2020

This article explores the efficacy and physicality of Lake Ontario through its lack of a border vista, a physical feature in much of the rest of the country that contributes to the geographic imaginary of Canada. Within this context, the article discusses two art installations––Battle for the Woodlands (2014-2015) by Bonnie Devine and A Portrait of Lake Ontario (2017) by Nicole Clouston––both of which engage with the integrated, material, and lively watershed of Lake Ontario. “Vital materiality” and decolonial literatures are also engaged with to show how the installations reaffirm the efficacy and physicality of Lake Ontario and the ways in which it stands as a resistant space in relation to the colonial nation-state of Canada with its arbitrary borders.
Diálogo, contextualização do saber e autonomia em Paulo Freire e a semipresencialidade na Educação Superior
Authors: Godoy Bertolin Julio Cesar , Bohrz Rafaela
Published: September 2020

Ao idealizar a libertação dos indivíduos das amarras da opressão do ensino tradicional, a educação problematizadora de Paulo Freire propõe o ato pedagógico ancorado no tripé educador–educando–objeto do conhecimento, no qual o educador não é mais visto apenas como o mediador dos saberes, uma vez que o objeto de conhecimento é transformado pelo educando. Desse modo, educadores e educandos são sujeitos estratégicos do processo educacional, que buscam por meio do diálogo, da reflexão e da inserção crítica da realidade a transformação do seu contexto, tornando, assim, a educação um processo permanente e emancipatório. Nesse sentido, tais saberes da pedagogia freireana tornam-se necessários na Educação a Distância a fim de que nela se possa também produzir uma educação libertadora. Com base nesses princípios teóricos e metodológicos de educação, esta pesquisa investiga a presença das evidências freireanas referentes ao diálogo, à autonomia e à contextualização do saber nas práticas educacionais de disciplinas semipresenciais em uma instituição de ensino superior. A fim de atender a esse objetivo, realizou-se uma revisão de literatura, relacionada à teoria de Freire e a Educação a Distância; a seleção da amostra; a aplicação de instrumentos para identificação das categorias freireanas em disciplinas semipresenciais, do tipo de observação sistemática/não participante, os quais permitem a abordagem dos conceitos nas atividades coletivas e individuais da plataforma Moodle; e a análise das evidências encontradas a fim de que se possa averiguar a importância da teoria freireana para a compreensão e a prática bem-sucedida da EaD. Apesar de evidenciar os conceitos freireanos na semipresencialidade, este trabalho permitiu observar algumas dificuldades em relação à escolha e ao desenvolvimento das atividades propostas pelos docentes, participantes da amostra, do que se conclui que a concretização do diálogo, da autonomia e da contextualização do saber nas práticas educacionais não ocorreu de forma plena e que a modificação do ensino presencial, por meio do uso da modalidade semipresencial e das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação, exige um novo olhar, planejamento e inovação dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo educacional.
Fixada à parede, a coisa escrita: o cotidiano escolar em invenção e crítica
Authors: Lacerda Mitsi Pinheiro de
Published: September 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir acerca da invenção, reprodução e crítica de práticas no cotidiano escolar. Para isso, toma como referência teórica estudos de Michel de Certeau e Henri Lefebvre relacionados à vida cotidiana. Foi empregada, enquanto metodologia, a aplicação do método regressivo-progressivo proposto por Lefebvre através dos procedimentos de descrição, análise, regressão histórica e discussão a respeito de possibilidades. O desenvolvimento do texto comunica a análise que atravessa um artefato pedagógico comum, fixado à parede de uma sala de aula e encontrado em breve incursão a escolas localizadas no Noroeste do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Através do artefato pedagógico encontrado, acontece uma prática que dispõe de elementos presentes tanto em sua produção, quanto na reprodução e consumo. A descrição do artefato produz narrativas datadas historicamente, ressaltando a preservação de concepções anteriormente submetidas à crítica e sinalizando a invenção de outra realidade. No espaço escolar planificado, a busca regressiva e histórica que atravessa práticas e recursos didáticos, vai ao encontro de ideias que as delineiam e normatizam. Esta busca critica a persistência, na contemporaneidade, de produtos humanos já refutados. O estudo aponta para a possibilidade de a escola criar, através da análise crítica, regressiva e histórica, a compreensão acerca daquilo que produz e reproduz.
Professoras idosas do campo: narrativas sobre formação e prática pedagógica
Authors: Souza Maria Antônia , Pereira Maria de Fátima Rodrigues , Fontana Maria Iolanda
Published: September 2020

Este artigo traz resultados da pesquisa sobre professoras idosas que vivem no campo, em duas regiões do estado do Paraná. O objetivo é compreender a prática pedagógica, a formação inicial e continuada que as professoras tiveram ao longo da trajetória profissional. Os sujeitos da pesquisa são 20 professoras que possuem acima de 60 anos, são moradoras do campo e sempre trabalharam em escolas rurais. A partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 7 professoras moradoras do campo e relatos orais de 13 professoras que sempre trabalharam em escolas rurais, é possível afirmar que a prática pedagógica está assentada em quatro aspectos, a saber: formação generalista, independente do contexto agrário brasileiro; organização curricular e conteúdos direcionados à instrução dos alunos; planejamento centrado na decisão das professoras e supervisão realizada pelas secretarias municipais e estadual de educação e proximidade da escola e das professoras com as comunidades, possibilitando articulação entre as atividades realizadas pelas famílias na agricultura e os conteúdos escolares. As professoras se formaram no e pelo trabalho pedagógico. A própria experiência e o apoio de outras professoras propiciavam o aprendizado da docência. Por meio do projeto Logos, a maioria teve acesso à formação pedagógica inicial. Elas demonstram estreita relação entre a vida pessoal-familiar e o trabalho na escola. Cada criança é como se fosse um filho, o que revela perspectivas solidárias e de sociabilidade com as famílias. As professoras sentem-se realizadas no trabalho efetivado ao longo da vida e demonstram saudades do tempo difícil da docência em escola isolada e multisseriada.
Large domains of heterochromatin direct the formation of short mitotic chromosome loops
Authors: Fitz-James Maximilian H , Tong Pin , Pidoux Alison L , Ozadam Hakan , Yang Liyan , White Sharon A , Dekker Job , Allshire Robin C
Published: September 2020

During mitosis chromosomes reorganise into highly compact, rod-shaped forms, thought to consist of consecutive chromatin loops around a central protein scaffold. Condensin complexes are involved in chromatin compaction, but the contribution of other chromatin proteins, DNA sequence and histone modifications is less understood. A large region of fission yeast DNA inserted into a mouse chromosome was previously observed to adopt a mitotic organisation distinct from that of surrounding mouse DNA. Here, we show that a similar distinct structure is common to a large subset of insertion events in both mouse and human cells and is coincident with the presence of high levels of heterochromatic H3 lysine nine trimethylation (H3K9me3). Hi-C and microscopy indicate that the heterochromatinised fission yeast DNA is organised into smaller chromatin loops than flanking euchromatic mouse chromatin. We conclude that heterochromatin alters chromatin loop size, thus contributing to the distinct appearance of heterochromatin on mitotic chromosomes.
Neural variability determines coding strategies for natural self-motion in macaque monkeys
Authors: Mackrous Isabelle , Carriot Jérome , Cullen Kathleen E , Chacron Maurice J
Published: September 2020

We have previously reported that central neurons mediating vestibulo-spinal reflexes and self-motion perception optimally encode natural self-motion (Mitchell et al., 2018). Importantly however, the vestibular nuclei also comprise other neuronal classes that mediate essential functions such as the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and its adaptation. Here we show that heterogeneities in resting discharge variability mediate a trade-off between faithful encoding and optimal coding via temporal whitening. Specifically, neurons displaying lower variability did not whiten naturalistic self-motion but instead faithfully represented the stimulus’ detailed time course, while neurons displaying higher variability displayed temporal whitening. Using a well-established model of VOR pathways, we demonstrate that faithful stimulus encoding is necessary to generate the compensatory eye movements found experimentally during naturalistic self-motion. Our findings suggest a novel functional role for variability toward establishing different coding strategies: (1) faithful stimulus encoding for generating the VOR; (2) optimized coding via temporal whitening for other vestibular functions.
Structural basis of αE-catenin–F-actin catch bond behavior
Authors: Xu Xiao-Ping , Pokutta Sabine , Torres Megan , Swift Mark F , Hanein Dorit , Volkmann Niels , Weis William I
Published: September 2020

Cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions transmit mechanical forces during tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. α-Catenin links cell-cell adhesion complexes to the actin cytoskeleton, and mechanical load strengthens its binding to F-actin in a direction-sensitive manner. Specifically, optical trap experiments revealed that force promotes a transition between weak and strong actin-bound states. Here, we describe the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the F-actin-bound αE-catenin actin-binding domain, which in solution forms a five-helix bundle. In the actin-bound structure, the first helix of the bundle dissociates and the remaining four helices and connecting loops rearrange to form the interface with actin. Deletion of the first helix produces strong actin binding in the absence of force, suggesting that the actin-bound structure corresponds to the strong state. Our analysis explains how mechanical force applied to αE-catenin or its homolog vinculin favors the strongly bound state, and the dependence of catch bond strength on the direction of applied force.
Methylase-assisted subcloning for high throughput BioBrick assembly
Authors: Matsumura Ichiro
Published: September 2020

The BioBrick standard makes possible iterated pairwise assembly of cloned parts without any depletion of unique restriction sites. Every part that conforms to the standard is compatible with every other part, thereby fostering a worldwide user community. The assembly methods, however, are labor intensive or inefficient compared to some newer ones so the standard may be falling out of favor. An easier way to assemble BioBricks is described herein. Plasmids encoding BioBrick parts are purified from Escherichia coli cells that express a foreign site-specific DNA methyltransferase, so that each is subsequently protected in vitro from the activity of a particular restriction endonuclease. Each plasmid is double-digested and all resulting restriction fragments are ligated together without gel purification. The ligation products are subsequently double-digested with another pair of restriction endonucleases so only the desired insert-recipient vector construct retains the capacity to transform E. coli. This 4R/2M BioBrick assembly protocol is more efficient and accurate than established workflows including 3A assembly. It is also much easier than gel purification to miniaturize, automate and perform more assembly reactions in parallel. As such, it should streamline DNA assembly for the existing community of BioBrick users, and possibly encourage others to join.
Nepenthes maximoides(Nepenthaceae) a new, critically endangered (possibly extinct) species in Sect.Alataefrom Luzon, Philippines showing striking pitcher convergence withN. maxima(Sect. Regiae) of Indonesia
Authors: King Charles , Cheek Martin
Published: September 2020

Nepenthes maximoidessp. nov. (Sect.Alatae) is described and assessed as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) from Luzon, Philippines and appears unrecorded in 110 years. The spectacular, large, narrowly funnel-shaped upper pitchers, lids with recurved basal and filiform apical appendages, unlike any other species in the Philippines, closely resemble those ofN. maxima(Sect.Regiae) of Sulawesi–New Guinea, likely due to convergent evolution. Following recent phylogenomic analysis, sect.Alataeis divided into two, Sect.Alatae sensu strictoof Luzon to Sibuyan (includingN. maximoides), and Sect.Micramphorae, expanded and recircumscribed to encompass those species of the southern Visayas, and Mindanao. A key is provided to the six species now recognised in the newly narrowly recircumscribed Sect.Alatae. The number ofNepenthesspecies recorded from Luzon has increased from two in 2001, to eight in 2020, all but one of which are endemic to that island, and four of which appear to be point endemics.
To Be Or Not To Be? What Makes a Child Dyslexic: An Overview on Risk Factors and Correlated Clinical Aspects
Authors: Rosa Claudio , Aleci Carlo
Published: September 2020

Developmental dyslexia, one of the most common neuro-developmental disorders, is frequently under-diagnosed or diagnosed late. Despite there is consensus on the neurobiological and genetic basis and on the environmental influence, the multi-faceted aspects of dyslexia and the complexity of its phenotypic expression hinder the identification of the risk factors. Indeed, determining risk factors and understanding how they predispose to the reading disability is important for an early diagnosis and a satisfactory rehabilitative outcome. The aim of this paper is therefore to provide an overview on the genetic, biochemical, anatomical and environmental variables involved in the pathogenesis of developmental dyslexia, and on the visual-perceptual aspects that characterize children who struggle to read.
Low Temperature Aggregation Transitions in N3 and Y6 Acceptors Enable Double‐Annealing Method That Yields Hierarchical Morphology and Superior Efficiency in Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Qin Yunpeng , Xu Ye , Peng Zhengxing , Hou Jianhui , Ade Harald
Published: September 2020

Thermal transition of organic solar cells (OSCs) constituent materials are often insufficiently researched, resulting in trial‐and‐error rather than rational approaches to annealing strategies to improve domain purity to enhance the power conversion efficiency. Despite the potential utility, little is known about the thermal transitions of the modern high‐performance acceptors Y6 and N3. Here, by using an optical method, it is discovered that the acceptor N3 has a clear solid‐state aggregation transition at 82 °C. This unusually low transition not only explains prior optimization protocols, but the transition informs and enables a double‐annealing method that can fine‐tune aggregation and the device morphology. Compared with 16.6% efficiency for PM6:N3:PC71BM control devices, higher efficiency of 17.6% is obtained through the improved protocol. Morphology characterization with x‐ray scattering methods reveals the formation of a multilength scale morphology. Moreover, the double‐annealing method is illustrated and easily transferred and validated with Y6‐based devices, using the transition of Y6 at 102 °C. As a result, the PCE improved from 16.0% to 16.8%. Design of high‐performance acceptors with yet lower aggregation transitions might be required for OSCs to successfully transition to low thermal budget industrial processing methods where annealing temperatures on plastic substrates have to be kept low.
A Microneedle Technology for Sampling and Sensing Bacteria in the Food Supply Chain
Authors: Kim Doyoon , Cao Yunteng , Mariappan Dhanushkodi , Bono Michael S. , Hart A. John , Marelli Benedetto
Published: September 2020

Food quality monitoring, particularly, the detection of bacterial pathogens and spoilage throughout the food supply chain, is critical to ensure global food safety and minimize food loss. Incorporating sensors into packaging is promising, but it is challenging to achieve the required sampling volume while using food‐safe sensor materials. Here, by leveraging water‐based processing of silk fibroin, a platform for the detection of pathogenic bacteria in food is realized using a porous silk microneedle array; the microneedle array samples fluid from the interior of the food by capillary action, presenting the fluid to polydiacetylene‐based bioinks printed on the backside of the array. Through the colorimetric response of bioink patterns, Escherichia coli contamination in fish fillets is identified within 16 h of needle injection. This response is distinct from spoilage measured via the increase in sample pH. It is also shown that the microneedles can pierce commercial food packaging, and subsequently sample fluid and present it to the sensor, enabling the adaptation of the technology downstream in food supply chains such as in stores or at home. This study highlights that regenerated structural biopolymers can serve as safe materials for food contact and sensing with robust mechanical properties and tailored chemistry.
Design, Synthesis, In Silico Analysis, and Structural Study of 4,6‐Dimethyl‐2‐(3‐(p‐tolyloxy)propoxy)nicotinonitrile Fleximer
Authors: Dowarah Jayanta , Marak Brilliant N. , Lalhruaizela  , Sran Balkaran S. , Singh Ved P.
Published: September 2020

This work deals with the drug design, synthesis, crystallization, and the interpretation of 4,6‐dimethyl‐2‐(3‐(p‐tolyloxy)propoxy)nicotinonitrile fleximer (1). The structural analysis of compound (1) is performed through single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and Hirshfeld surface analysis. This fleximer in silico binding affinity is studied to analyze the role of flexibility in noncovalent binding affinity toward the COX‐2 and mGluR2 receptor. Both pyridine ring and phenyl rings are linked with propylene linker. 4,6‐Dimethyl‐2‐(3‐(p‐tolyloxy)propoxy)nicotinonitrile has Z = 4 in the crystal packing and is stabilized by intermolecular noncovalent interactions like C─H···N, C─H···O, C─H···л, л···л, loan pair···л interactions, etc.
CS‐MAODV: Cuckoo search and M‐tree‐based multiconstraint optimal Multicast Ad hoc On‐demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol for MANETs
Authors: Babu Doddi Madhu , Ussenaiah Maligala
Published: September 2020

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are a subclass of wireless ad hoc networks, having amazing qualities of dynamic network topology and moving nodes. As MANET changes its topology, routing is difficult at some moment. Routing protocol controls the stream of information and selects the efficient way to transmit the data. There are a variety of routing protocols existing in MANET. Accordingly, this paper presents the multicast routing protocol, named cuckoo search and M‐tree‐based multicast ad hoc on‐demand distance vector (CS‐MAODV) protocol for MANET. The proposed routing protocol includes a two‐step process, namely, M‐tree construction and optimal multicast route selection. Here, the divisional‐based cluster (DIVC) technique is used for building the M‐tree using three constraints: destination flag, path‐inclusion factor, and multifactor. Then, cuckoo search algorithm is used for selecting the optimal route by considering the multiple objectives, such as energy, link lifetime, distance, and delay. The performance of the proposed multicast routing protocol is analyzed, and the comparative analysis is performed with the existing routing protocols, such as MAODV, QoS‐based multicast routing protocol using reliable neighbor nodes selection (QMRPRNS), efficient fuzzy‐based multiconstraint protocol (EFMMRP), and energy‐efficient lifetime aware multicast route selection (EELAM). From the simulation results, it can be shown that the proposed CS‐MAODV protocol attains the maximum energy of 90.3513%, LLT of 158.7708 s, the throughput of 86.2226%, and PDR of 87.1606, respectively. Also, the proposed protocol has the minimum control overhead of 2.1415% and PDD of 0.0563 s.
Pseudocapacitive Vanadium‐based Materials toward High‐Rate Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Wei Qiulong , DeBlock Ryan H. , Butts Danielle M. , Choi Christopher , Dunn Bruce
Published: September 2020

Sodium‐ion battery materials and devices are promising candidates for large‐scale applications, owing to the abundance and low cost of sodium sources. Emerging sodium‐ion pseudocapacitive materials provide one approach for achieving high capacity at high rates, but are currently not well understood. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals and electrochemical behaviors of vanadium‐based pseudocapacitive materials for sodium‐ion storage is presented. The insight of sodium‐ion storage mechanisms for various vanadium‐based materials, including vanadium oxides, vanadates, vanadium sulfides, nitrides, and carbides are systematically discussed and summarized. In particular, areas for further development to improve fundamental understanding of electrochemical and structural properties of materials are identified. Finally, we provide a perspective on the application of pseudocapacitive materials in high‐power and high‐energy sodium‐ion storage devices (e.g., sodium‐ion capacitors).