bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Robusta coffee plant density is associated with better yield potential at mixed responses for growth robustness, pests and diseases: which way for a farmer?
Authors: Sseremba Godfrey , Kagezi Godfrey Hubby , Kobusinge Judith , Musoli Pascal , Akodi David , Olango Nicholas , Kucel Patrick , Chemutai Job , Mulindwa Joseph , Arinaitwe Geofrey
Published: July 2021

Plant density in Robusta coffee is an unresolved issue in low volume producing countries especially when compared with leading producers. In this study, we aimed to compare the response of Robusta coffee to pest incidence, disease severity, growth and yield potential in two contrasting spacing regimes. Two spacing regimes of 3mx3m and 3mx1m were evaluated for selected parameters in a randomized complete block design with three replications. There was a highly significant difference in pest incidence between the spacing regimes (p<0.01) for all the pests except scales (p=0.126). The black coffee trig borer incidence was higher under close spacing of 3mx1m than for 3mx3m with a mean difference of 13.2%. There was no significant association between spacing regime and leaf rust disease incidence while the association was significant for red blister disease (χ2=33.56, df=1, p<0.001). Significant difference in growth response between spacing regimes (p<0.05) were also obtained for change in canopy height (dCAH), number of primaries, number of stems and leaf size. For instance, dCAH was higher under 3mx1m spacing than for 3mx3m spacing. A significant difference in yield potential existed between the spacing regimes (p<0.05) for average yield per tree and average yield per hectare (aYH). Close spacing produced a higher aYH (5.82 t cc/ha) than wide spacing (4.80 t cc/ha). Whereas yield potential is high at high tree densities, associated prevalence of biotic constraints calls for supportive stress management package for farmers.
Physical characterization of gabiroba fruits (Campomanesia adamantium) from Brazil neotropical savanna
Authors: Mota Elias Emanuel Silva , Mateus Italo Marcelino , Silva Luciana Borges e , Silva Kátia Freitas , Xavier Elitânia Gomes , Pereira Joseanny Cardoso da Silva , Cardoso Camila
Published: July 2021

Gabiroba is a species with potential for commercial cultivation due to its desirable agronomic characteristics, such as high yield and high levels of soluble solids. The objective of this study was to characterize fruits and seeds phenotypically and to evaluate the genetic structure in three natural subpopulations of Campomanesia adamantium, based on quantitative data. Fruits of gabiroba plants from three subpopulations were collected, sampling 10 mother plants per subpopulation, with collection of at least 10 fruits per matrix, totaling 300 fruits. Physical characterization data of fruits and seeds were submitted to descriptive analysis, analysis of variance and correlation among characters. There was significant variation for the length, width and fruit mass in C. adamantium at all hierarchical levels evaluated: among subpopulations and among mother plants within subpopulations. Most of the variation, for the three variables under study is found among fruits within mother plant, and then, there is greater variation among mother plants within subpopulation. The levels of variation found within the subpopulations were low. The correlation analysis demonstrated the existence of positive and high correlations between the variables such as, fruit length and fruit width, fruit length and fruit mass, fruit width and fruit mass. For a possible breeding program and / or conservation of the species, it is recommended to represent large number of subpopulations to ensure an adequate representativeness of the observed variability.
Complex soil contamination severely impacts seed-sown crop viability in Australia
Authors: McDonald Annaclaire G. , Murray Brad R. , Krix Daniel W. , Murray Megan L.
Published: July 2021

Food security is a critical issue for many global communities. Heavy metal contamination in soils present a major and ongoing ecological risk associated with human activities which may impact the viability and safety of seed-sown crops. To better understand the impacts of soil contamination by heavy metals on seed-sown crop viability, we examined germination responses of eight commercially-important fruit and vegetable crop species to copper, zinc, and lead contamination at levels likely to be found in contaminated regions in Australia. We compared the germination attributes of days to first germination, germination period, and total proportion of seeds germinated under concentration limits of heavy metals detected at degraded sites and current Australian National Environment Protection Measure thresholds for domestic soils (i.e., copper 6,000 mg kg-1, zinc 4,700 mg kg-1, lead 300 mg kg-1). The combined heavy metal treatment (i.e. all three metals) significantly inhibited germination for all edible crop species with only carrots able to germinate under complex, multi-metal-contaminated conditions. Seed viability was significantly decreased in mulberry (M. alba var. tatarica, M. nigra, and M. rubra) and lettuce (L. sativa), with lowered seed germination in all metals compared to carrot (D. carota), radish (R. sativus), tomato (S. lycopersicum) and common bean (P. vulgaris). These results indicate heavy metal contamination is a notable risk to seed-sown crop species, with multi-metal contamination events likely to be severely damaging to lettuce, tomato, radish, common bean, and mulberry crops
Recurrent selection for resistance to Thrips tabaci in a tropical onion population
Authors: Ferreira Gleyce de Oliveira , Santos Carlos Antonio Fernandes , Alencar José Adalberto de , Silva Danillo Olegário Matos da
Published: July 2021

Recurrent selection for resistance to onion Thrips tabaci has not been well studied by breeding programmes. Onion thrips is a pest of major concern and is controlled by insecticide spraying, raising production costs and potentially damaging the environment. This study aimed to estimate onion bulb yield genetic gain through six cycles in the ‘BRS Alfa São Francisco’ developed by recurrent selection for T. tabaci resistance. Experiments were carried out in a randomised block design, with three replications, in two locations. The degree of infestation in plants was evaluated five times after transplanting, as well as plant architecture traits and bulb yield. The latest selection cycle presented bulb commercial yield of 32.1 t.ha-1, while the base population ‘Alfa Tropical’ and IPA 10 check cultivar 15.9 and 14.0 t.ha-1, respectively (p<0.01). The broad sense heritability values ranged from 0.65 to 0.74 for bulb yield. The mean genetic gain was 1.0 t.ha-1 or 6% per selection cycle, indicating the efficiency of the method to increase the frequency of favourable alleles for thrips resistance and the possibility of onion cultivation in the total absence of insecticide applications to control this pest, or a reduction in their number
Estimated losses in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) harvest according to the speed and rotation of the trail system
Authors: Souza Jarlyson Brunno Costa , Passos Mádilo Lages Vieira , Silva Eduardo Arouche da , Filho Armando Lopes de Brito , Almeida Samira Luns Hatum de , Oliveira Ana Karla da Silva , Ferreira Lusiane de Sousa , Sousa Washington da Silva , Almeida Edmilson Igor Bernardo , Silva Rouverson Pereira da
Published: July 2021

The soybean crop (Glycine max. (L.) Merril) shows strong participation in the Brazilian economy. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to quantify the losses in the cutting and feeding platform and in the trail system in mechanized soybean harvest by analyzing different speed and rotation adjustments of the trailing cylinder. The experiment was carried out in a commercial soybean plot on a farm located in the municipality of Brejo (MA), during the 2017/2018 harvest. The harvester evaluated was a Case IH 8120, with a maximum power of 34.2 kW, axial flow system, and 12.2-m platform equipped with a conveyor system (draper). The experiment was conducted in two different areas. Area 1 was planted with the Brasmax® Opus (BMX Opus) cultivar, while area 2 was cultivated with the BRS 9383 cultivar. The treatments consisted of three machine speeds (4 km h-¹, 6 km h-¹, and 7 km h-¹), associated with the rotation levels of 500 rpm and 800 rpm in the trail system. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement, with four replications. For the BMX Opus cultivar, harvest losses did not influence the travel speeds and rotations evaluated in the experiment due to the marked instability within the treatments. The BRS 9383 cultivar showed satisfactory results at a speed of 4 km h-1 combined with a rotation of 800 rpm, which obtained acceptable numbers for the soybean harvest (54.09 kg ha-1).
Chemical composition and antifungal potential of essential oils from different aerial parts of Protium ovatum Engl
Authors: Sousa Wendel C. de , Filho Josemar G. Oliveira , Alves Cassia C. F. , Forim Moacir R. , Cazal Cristiane de M.
Published: July 2021

Protium ovatum is a Brazilian endemic species widely distributed between the Cerrado and Amazon biomes. Here, we evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oils (EO) of different shoot organs from P. ovatum including stems, petioles, leaves, flowers, ripe and unripe fruits, and investigate their antifungal potential against Sclerotinea sclerotiorum. The EO were obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus and analysed by GC-MS, followed by PCA analysis. The antifungal activity was performed by agar diffusion. Fruits had the highest essential oil contents among the shoot parts. The constituents were found varyingin the different organs: α-Pinene (0.80-18.3%), β-Pinene (0.58-5.17%), Myrcene (0.52-27.3%), Limonene (3.15-59.7%), Caryophyllene E (3.67-16.4%), Germacrene D (6.34-27.4%), and δ-Cadinene (2.29-7.63%). The essential oil from ripe fruit showed the strongest antifungal activity, with the highest Inhibition of Mycelial Growth (IMG) (50.11%) at the lowest concentration assayed (18.75μg.mL-1). This is the first report on the chemical composition of the essential oils from stems, petioles, flowers, and ripe fruits of P. ovatum and their antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum, making it a potential source of antimicrobial agents
Performance of pre-emergence herbicides in weed competition and soybean agronomic components
Authors: Silva Marcelo de Sousa da , Costa Tiago Vieira da , Furtado José Augusto Lima , Souza Jarlyson Bruno Costa , Silva Eduardo Arouche da , Ferreira Lusiane de Sousa , Silva Carlos Augusto Alves Cardozo , Almeida Edmilson Igor Bernardo , Sousa Washington da Silva , Oliveira Leonardo Bernardes Taverny de , freitas José Roberto Brito , Oliveira Job Teixeira de
Published: July 2021

Soybean is the most important oilseed over the world. Different factors interfere in its development, among them, the interference of weeds. Thus, the objective was to analyze the performance of pre-emergence herbicides on the weed competition and agronomic components of soybean. For this, an experiment was carried out in commercial farming. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with three treatments and nine repetitions. The following treatments were tested: S-metolachlor (1,152 g a.i. ha-1); diclosulam (35 g a.i. ha-1; 42 g a.i. ha-1) + imazethapyr (164.8 g a.i. ha-1). Two phytosociological surveys were carried out at 21 and 32 days after sowing (DAS) for controlling the weed competition. At 14, 21, 32, and 37 DAS, stem height and diameter were analyzed, while at 115 DAS, the production components were estimated. The application of S-metolachlor (1,152 g a.i. ha-1) was efficient for pre-emergence weed control of weed competition in commercial soybean crops. Through this treatment, the conventional cultivar Ansc 89109 produced between 130,5 and 255,8 kg per hectare, this result is superior those obtained in plots treated with diclosulam (35 g a.i ha-1) + imazethapyr (164.8 g a.i. ha-1) and diclosulam (42 g a.i. ha-1) + imazethapyr (164.8 g a.i. ha-1). Thus, the application of higher-doses of diclosulam (42 g a.i. ha-1) in a mixture with imazethapyr (164.8 g a.i. ha-1) is not recommended since it presents eminent agronomic, environmental, and economic risks
Creativity from perspective of axiology
Authors:   Orenburg State University (Orenburg), Kiriakova A. V , Moroz V.V. ,   Orenburg State University (Orenburg).
Published: July 2021

Interest in creativity as a subject of research has been growing exponentially since the second half of the 20th century in all areas of human history. A wide range of both domestic and foreign studies allows authors to assert that creativity is a personality trait, inherent to one degree or another. Whereas the development of such trait becomes an urgent necessity in the new reality. The entire evolutionary process of the social development illustrates its dependence on personal and collective creativity. The aim of this research is to study the phenomenon of creativity through the perspective of axiology, i.e. the science of values. Axiology allows us to consider the realities of the modern world from the perspective of not only external factors, circumstances and situations, but also of deep value foundations. Creativity has been studied quite deeply from the point of view of psychology: the special characteristics of a creative person, stages of the creative process, the relationship between creative and critical thinking, creativity and intelligence. Some psychologists emphasize motivation, creative skills, interdisciplinary knowledge, and the creative environment as the main components that contribute to the development of creativity. The authors of the article argue that values and value orientations towards cognition, creativity, self-realization and self-expression are the drivers of creativity. In a broad sense, values as a matrix of culture determine the attitude of society to creativity, to the development of creativity of the individual and the creative class, and to how economically successful a given society will be. Since innovation and entrepreneurship are embodied creativity. Thus, the study of creativity from the perspective of axiology combines the need for a deep study of this phenomenon and the subjective significance of creativity in the context of new realities
How to organize distant training for the senior students-pediators of the Bashkir State Medical University
Authors:   Bashkir state medical University ", Yakovleva L.V. ,   Ministry of health of Russia (Ufa)., Burangulova A.V. ,   Bashkir State Medical University (Ufa)., Mulyukova A.I. ,   Bashkir State Medical University (Ufa).
Published: July 2021

Objective of the article: to study the attitude of medical students to distance learning in the discipline "Polyclinic and emergency pediatrics" during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and research methods: a questionnaire that includes questions about the organization of online lessons, subjective assessment of adaptation, the level of motivation, changes in the study load, the positive and negative aspects of distance learning. The research was carried out using Google Forms, an online service for creating a survey form, collecting and processing the received data. 140 students of 5-6 courses of the pediatric faculty of BSMU took part in a sample anonymous survey. The survey made it possible to identify the positive aspects of distance learning, among which were named: low risk of infection, saving time and money for moving between clinical sites, comfortable learning in a familiar home environment, reducing stress levels, self-discipline, the ability to copy and re-study educational material, the ability to combine study and work. The distance learning format cannot completely replace the full-time form, but the transfer of part of the study load to the distance form should be recognized as positive.
. Learning analytics technology in adaptive electronic learning environments.
Authors:   Fayoum University (Egypt)., Attia M.R.
Published: July 2021

Adaptive e-learning environments are based on diversifying the presentation of content according to the learning styles of each learner, where the content is presented as if it is directed to each student separately, and activities and tests are presented so that they are sensitive to the different styles of learners and suitable for their mental abilities. These environments depend in their design on intelligence, therefore, these environments can analyze the characteristics and capabilities of learners, each separately, and this is done through learning analytics technology that helps in the rapid identification of the patterns of learners and the development of their behavior within the environment. In this article, firstly we review what adaptive learning environments and its characteristics are; the difference between adaptable and adaptive environments; components of adaptive learning environments. Learning analytics technology is also highlighted; and its importance in adaptive e-learning environments.
Analysis and modeling of the learning process for digital competencies
Authors:   Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmullah (Ufa)., Filippova A.S. , Saranova E.S. ,   Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M.Akmullah (Ufa)., Vasilyeva L.I. ,   Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M.Akmullah (Ufa)., Mannanova G.I. ,   Ufa Federal Research Centre of the  Russian Academy of Sciences (Ufa).
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of a study of the level of digital literacy of the population and student satisfaction when using digital distance educational forms. The authors consider the features of organizing educational environment and present the use of the club system for teaching the population to digital competencies. The article proposes a model for forming digital competencies, taking into account the minimization of training time to achieve an individual set of required competencies. The results of approbation of he club format and model for teaching digital competencies to the population are presented on the example of the work of the "Digital Family".
On the conceptual and terminological apparatus of didactics within the digital age.
Authors:   Kazan Federal University (Kazan)., Ibragimov H.I , Ibragimova E.M ,   Kazan Federal University (Kazan)., Kalimullina A.A ,   Kazan Federal University (Kazan).
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the up-to-date issue on how to develop the conceptual and terminological apparatus of higher education didactics. The purpose of the article is clarify the interpretation of new terms and concepts (digitalization of education, digital education, digital learning, digital didactics, blended learning, etc.), the emergence of which is due to the era of education digitalization. As a research method, the authors used a theoretical analysis of the conceptual and terminological apparatus of didactics, generalization, comparison, interpretation. The research results are as follows: 1) the concepts "digitalization of education", "digitalization of the education system" and "digital learning" are given; 2) authors determined their place in the system of closely established terms and concepts; 3) they made a conclusion about the boundaries in using the term “digital pedagogy” and “digital didactics”; 4) the identified the main features, the role and place of the concept of "blended learning" in the system of didactic knowledge. The research results contribute to the development of the conceptual and terminological apparatus of didactics. They can be useful both for educational researchers and for practicing educators, as they clarify a whole range of new terms and concepts
Ecologization of geographic education and forming of ecological culture
Authors:   Bashkir state pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla, Latypova Z.B. , Omarov M.K. ,   Pavlodar State Pedagogical University (Kazakhstan, Pavlodar), Davletberdin D.D. ,   Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmullah (Ufa).
Published: July 2021

In recent years geographical education has undergone great changes. Taking into account its significance and current situation, the Concept of the Development of Geographical Education in Russia was adopted. It notes that geography forms the concept of human activity in interaction with the environment at all levels, and geographical information serves as the basis for identifying and solving problems that arise in the process of this interaction. This allows us to conclude that one of the features and tasks of modern geographical education is its greening, which is the subject of this article. As geography and ecology are now closely cooperating, there is a new thread occurring in science. This is geoecology. The article reveals the essence of this term and its conceptual basis. One of the main components of a human culture is the geographic culture. The geographic culture forms thanks to geographical education. Meanwhile, the geographical culture facilitates the formation of the ecological culture. The contemporary literature on geography and ecology often discusses the issue of how the ecological culture is formed. Methodologists are involved in developing various practical extra classes to improve the ecological culture. The major method to study the ecology and geography is a geoecological (ecological) mapping. The mapping facilitates programs and projects aimed at environment protection. The findings of the ecological and geographical researches help create geoecological, landscape and ecological maps. Today researchers are actively developing a unified method for creating such maps. The model or the basis of this method should be a landscape map of a territory. This is particularly urgent these days; regions create charts of their ecological framework. The article also reveals the essence and meaning of a territory’s landscape and ecological framework. Such a complicated system shall be developed by people knowledgeable in geography and ecology. Training such specialist is the top priority of the geographical education.
Geograhpical mistakes: types and reasons, ways and processes
Authors:   Bashkir State University (Ufa), Sattarova G.A. , Hizbullina R.Z. ,   Bashkir State University (Ufa)., Bakieva E.V. ,   Bashkir State University (Ufa)., Khasanova G.F. ,   Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M.Akmulla (Ufa)., Galiev K.M. ,   Education center № 35 (Ufa).
Published: July 2021

This article examines the features of making geographical mistakes in the contexts of school education, preparation and passing the Unified State Exam. The relevance of the research is determined by the necessity to analyze the mistakes made by school graduates at the Unified State Exam (USE) in geography, in order to provide additional educational material for geography school teachers and eliminate gaps in the knowledge, skills and abilities of schoolchildren. Besides analyzing such mistakes the research was aimed at considering the geographical mistakes made by schoolchildren, as well as reasons for them and ways of elimination. The following principal research methods were used to achieve this aim: theoretical analysis of geographical, psychological and pedagogical literature on the problem under study, statistical, and pedagogical analyses. The authors have highlighted common types of geographical mistakes. All the recurrent mistakes made by schoolchildren at the exam can be divided into four groups associated with: work on cartographic material, misunderstanding of cause-and-effect relationships, misformulated conclusion or incorrect analysis, and incorrect spelling or pronunciation of the names of geographical objects. The following conclusions on the reasons of geographical errors were made: low demand for the 6-8 grades educational material in senior grades; lack of knowledge of geographical terms; misunderstanding of the role of geographical location for the development of the territory; the laws of development of nature and social economic processes and phenomena. The results obtained have certain significance for both future graduates planning to take the Unified State Exam and considering field of geography as their future profession, and geography teachers in comprehensive schools.
Water resources of the Desna river basin under future climate
Authors: Osypov Valeriy , Speka Oleh , Chyhareva Anastasiia , Osadcha Nataliia , Krakovska Svitlana , Osadchyi Volodymyr
Published: July 2021

Climate change impact on water resources has been observed in Ukraine since the end of the 20th century. For now, only large-scale climate impact studies cover Ukraine's territory, having low credibility for a specific catchment. This study aims to calculate future changes in river discharge, water flow components, and soil water within the Desna basin and evaluate vulnerability trends on this basis. The framework assembles the process-based SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model and eight high-resolution regional climate models (RCMs) driven by RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios. The climate models are provided by the Euro-CORDEX initiative and based on three RCMs (RCA4, HIRHAM5, and RACMO22E) forced by five general circulation models (CNRM-CM5, EC-EARTH, IPSL-CM5A-MR, HadGEM2-ES, and MPI-ESM-LR). The results preferably show a moderate increase in the annual discharge until the end of the 21st century. The intra-annual changes of water balance components negatively affect the vegetation period because of higher dryness and temperature stress but reduce flood risk, diffuse pollution, and water erosion in the far future. In the river basin management plan, the highest attention should be paid to adaptive strategies in agriculture because of possible water deficit in the vegetation season under future climate scenarios.
Development of a Pseudo-Random Sequence Generation Function Based on the “Kuznechik” Cryptographic Algorithm
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, Belyaev Sergey , Budko Marina ,   Saint-Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, Budko Mikhail ,   Saint-Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, Guirik Alexei ,   Saint-Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, Grozov Vladimir ,   Saint-Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics
Published: July 2021

Purpose: increasing the cryptographic strength level of the pseudo-random sequence generation function based on the «Kuznechik» encryption algorithm. Research methods: methods for constructing pseudo-random sequence generators using a strong cryptographic algorithm as a generation function in accordance with the recommendations of NIST SP 800-90. Methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics (statistical hypothesis testing, Pearson’s criterion), methods for estimating the entropy of a random process. Results: а method for development of the main component of the deterministic generator – the function for generating pseudo-random sequences based on the «Kuznechik» encryption algorithm (Russian encryption standard GOST R 34.12-2015) due to a number of the original algorithm modifications is proposed. Features of the algorithm allow to use it in a mode that combines the advantages of the well-known encryption modes of block ciphers (OFB and CTR encryption modes). A procedure for generating round keys and other modifications of the algorithm that increase its security while maintaining its performance have been developed and implemented. The generator operation was evaluated on the basis of the statistical properties of the output sequences (NIST SP 800-22 tests), Pearson’s χ2 criterion, and min-entropy (NIST 800-90B tests). According to the characteristics mentioned above, the proposed generation function is comparable with the reference version based on GOST 34.12-2015 «Kuznechik», but exceeds it in terms of security.
Ensuring the Integrity of Data Transmitted over the Communication Channels of Virtual Private Networks
Authors:   Krasnodar Higher Military University of name General of Army S.M. Shtemenko, Karpov Sergey , Ryabinin Jurii ,   Krasnodar Higher Military University of name General of Army S.M. Shtemenko, Finko Oleg ,   Krasnodar Higher Military University of name General of Army S.M. Shtemenko,   North Caucasus Federal University
Published: July 2021

Annotation A method of ensuring the integrity of data transmitted over communication channels of VPNs of large-scale information systems functioning in the conditions of the destructive influence of the attacker is considered. The proposed method allows to recover data packets subjected to erasure and imitation. The purpose of the research is to increase the stability of data transmission over VPN communication channels by implementing the procedure for recovering erased IP-packets and increasing the level of imitation security of the transmitted data. Research methods: aggregation of methods of cryptographic control of data integrity and methods of redundant coding of data, application of methods of the theory of Markov random processes to determine the probability of providing satisfactory support for applications in conditions of destructive influence of an attacker with various parameters. Research results: analysis of the object of research – VPN of large-scale information systems was carried out. It leads to the conclusion about the need to protect data transmitted through such communication channels for the implementation of national strategies for economic development. A mathematical model of the functioning of a data transmission system over a VPN communication channel under the conditions of a destructive influence of an attacker is presented. A method is proposed to ensure the integrity of transmitted data based on an original scheme for sharing known solutions, generating a synergistic effect. The method allows recovering dmin −1 erased data packets. The proposed solution makes it possible to increase the stability and speed of data transmission over the communication channels of the network in the conditions of the destructive influence of the attacker and the imitation of data by the attacker.
Interaction of Ectodomain of Respiratory Syncytial Virus G Protein with TLR2/ TLR6 Heterodimer: An In vitro and In silico Approach to Decipher the Role of RSV G Protein in Pro-inflammatory Response against the Virus
Authors: Alshaghdali Khalid , Saeed Mohd , Kamal Mohammad Amjad , Saeed Amir
Published: July 2021

Background:

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been shown to be linked with various
forms of respiratory diseases, such as common cold and lower respiratory tract illnesses like pneumonia and
bronchiolitis. TLRs play critical role in generating host immune response against RSV. TLRs are expressed not
only on leukocytes but also on many other cell types and can recognize RSV. Previous studies have established
that RSV can interact with TLR4 and initiate inflammatory cascade of cytokines. The data from a recent study
indicated that TLR2/TLR6 is involved in RSV recognition and subsequent innate immune activation. However,
the nature of binding and the envelope protein of RSV involved in this interaction with TLRs are not studied
yet.

Objective:

We hypothesized that RSV G protein can bind to TLRs and mediate the inflammatory immune response
against the virus infection. Therefore, we investigated whether RSV G protein could activate innate immune
response through TLR signaling.

Methods:

Different TLR antagonists were used to assess the effect of the exposure of RSV and RSV G ectodomain
in human primary small airway epithelial cells (HSAECs). Various inflammatory cytokines, chemokines
and type I IFNs were measured by ELISA along with their mRNA expression by qPCR. In silico interaction
of RSV G protein with TLR2/TLR6 was also analyzed.

Results:

Results of ELISA and qPCR analysis have shown that TLR2/TLR6 signaling is activated in HSAECs
upon RSV and RSV G protein exposure which initiates innate immune response against RSV. Moreover, RSV
envelope protein G plays a crucial role in binding and activation of TLR2/TLR6 signaling.

Conclusion:

In summary, our study shows that TLR2/TLR6 play important role in the activation of innate
immune response upon RSV recognition which could be helpful in promoting RSV clearance and preventing
RSV-induced disease.
Real-world Utilisation of the Rivastigmine Transdermal Patches Accompanying the Use of Risk Minimisation Tools in Patients with Dementia
Authors: Reinhardt Fritjof , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Karan Rajesh , Veldandi Uday K. , Modali Sunil , Duvvuri Krishna , Pathan Rashid K.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Transdermal patches are convenient to use, especially in Rotkreuz ZG
Rotkreuz ZG patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-associated dementia. However, various identified
risks of errors in administering the patches cannot be disregarded. Patient Reminder Cards
(PRCs, included a Medication record sheet [MRS]) have been recently introduced as a risk minimisation
tool to prevent incorrect patch use (IU).

Objectives:

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of PRCs to prevent IU and to investigate
the dose titration pattern of rivastigmine patches in a real-world setting.

Methods:

This multinational, observational, 11-month study included patients with AD currently
using rivastigmine patches (4.6 mg/day, 9.5 mg/day, 13.3 mg/day) accompanied by a caregiver.
Study outcomes were IU, including multiple patch use (MPU), incorrect patch placement, other
IUs, perceived usefulness of the PRCs, and titration patterns of the patches.

Results:

Of the total 614 patients included, most were aged ≥65 years and had mild-to-moderate
AD. Before and during the study, 27.7% and 18.0% of patients reported IU, respectively. Most pa-
tients used MRS, and 73.5% rated it ‘helpful’ and reported lower rates of IU than those who report-
ed it ‘not helpful’ (13.9%–16.5% vs. 20.2%). Overall, 141 patients had dose titrations, with 75.8%
being up-titrated from 4.6 mg/day to 9.5 mg/day after a mean duration of 58 days. Safety findings
were consistent with the established profile for the rivastigmine patch.

Conclusion:

PRC was effective as a risk minimisation tool in limiting the inappropriate use of ri-
vastigmine patches. The majority of patients requiring dose-change were up-titrated to 9.5 mg/day
patches.
Protease Inhibitors as Promising Weapons against COVID-19: Focus on Repurposing of Drugs used to Treat HIV and HCV Infections
Authors: da Costa Luciana Jesus , Pereira Matheus Mendonça , de Souza Ramos Lívia , de Mello Thaís Pereira , Silva Laura Nunes , Branquinha Marta Helena , dos Santos André Luis Souza
Published: July 2021

As a part of the efforts to quickly develop pharmaceutical treatments for COVID-19
through repurposing existing drugs, some researchers around the world have combined the recently
released crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro in complex with a covalently bonded inhibitor with
virtual screening procedures employing molecular docking approaches. In this context, protease inhibitors
(PIs) clinically available and currently used to treat infectious diseases, particularly viral
ones, are relevant sources of promising drug candidates to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, a key
viral enzyme involved in crucial events during its life cycle. In the present perspective, we summarized
the published studies showing the promising use of HIV and HCV PIs as potential repurposing
drugs against the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.
NLP-MeTaxa: A Natural Language Processing Approach for Metagenomic Taxonomic Binning Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Matougui Brahim , Boukelia Abdelbasset , Belhadef Hacene , Galiez Clovis , Batouche Mohamed
Published: July 2021

Background:

Metagenomics is the study of genomic content in mass from an environment
of interest such as the human gut or soil. Taxonomy is one of the most important fields of metagenomics,
which is the science of defining and naming groups of microbial organisms that share the
same characteristics. The problem of taxonomy classification is the identification and quantification of
microbial species or higher-level taxa sampled by high throughput sequencing.

Objective:

Although many methods exist to deal with the taxonomic classification problem, assignment
to low taxonomic ranks remains an important challenge for binning methods as is scalability to Gbsized
datasets generated with deep sequencing techniques.

Methods:

In this paper, we introduce NLP-MeTaxa, a novel composition-based method for taxonomic
binning, which relies on the use of words embeddings and deep learning architecture. The new proposed
approach is word-based, where the metagenomic DNA fragments are processed as a set of overlapping
words by using the word2vec model to vectorize them in order to feed the deep learning model.
NLP-MeTaxa output is visualized as NCBI taxonomy tree, this representation helps to show the connection
between the predicted taxonomic identifiers. NLP-MeTaxa was trained on large-scale data from
the NCBI RefSeq, more than 14,000 complete microbial genomes. The NLP-MeTaxa code is available
at the website: https://github.com/padriba/NLP_MeTaxa/.

Results:

We evaluated NLP-MeTaxa with a real and simulated metagenomic dataset and compared our
results to other tools' results. The experimental results have shown that our method outperforms the
other methods especially for the classification of low-ranking taxonomic class such as species and genus.

Conclusion:

In summary, our new method might provide novel insight for understanding the microbial
community through the identification of the organisms it might contain.
An Efficient Synthesis of α, β Unsaturated Ketones via Claisen-schmidt Condensation Reaction using Amino Acid Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Selvaraj Ganesh Gopalsamy , Jayaraman Sakthinarayanan , Selvarasu Uthayanila , Velumani Bharathi Priya , Parasuraman Karthikeyan
Published: July 2021

:

Synthesis of chalcone by Claisen–Schmidt condensation using recyclable L- aspartic
acid coupled with imidazolium-based ionic liquid as a green synthetic approach has been developed.
Present work offers significant advantages, such as high yield, enhanced reaction speed even
at room temperature, catalyst reusability, and the involvement of non-toxic reagents.

Background:

Chalcones belong to the flavonoid family and possess pharmacological and biological
activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, immunosuppressive, and anti-nociceptive properties.

Objective:

Ionic liquids have emerged as powerful tools for molecular organic solvents. Their
wide liquid range, easy recovery, and reusability make them a greener alternative to volatile organic
solvents. Thus, in the present work, our objective was to employ them as dual catalysts and solvent
systems for the synthesis of chalcone via the CS condensation.

Methods:

In a typical experiment, benzaldehyde (10 mmol), acetophenone (10 mmol), and 2.5
mol% (L-AAIL) ionic liquid were mixed in a 50 mL round-bottom flask. The reaction was proceeded
quickly at room temperature with stirring, and the resulting mixture became a biphasic system
with the precipitate at the bottom and the upper phase containing some unreacted substrate
which was separated from the catalyst by filtration and decantation. The catalyst was extracted
with CH2Cl2 and separated for the next cycle.

Results:

Claisen–Schmidt condensation accomplished with reasonable to good yields, ranging
from 78 to 95% at room temperature in presence of the [L-AAIL], as compared to the traditional
route at more than 100°C.

Conclusion:

[L-AAIL] is found a highly efficient and eco-friendly catalyst for the synthesis of
chalcone derivatives at room temperature. [L-AAIL] as a solvent and catalyst will exhibit real advantages
by providing a ‘green’ process with a safer operation. Furthermore, short reaction periods,
mild reaction conditions, easier separation, and reusability of ionic liquid made this methodology
valuable for synthetic organic chemists as well as industry.
Pensamiento Económico Universal Preclásico
Authors: Márquez Sánchez Fidel , Sorhegui Ortega Rafael , Bayón Sosa Martha
Published: July 2021

Escribir la Introducción a este libro, el primero, fruto del proyecto de investigación sobre el Pensamiento Económico, que estamos desarrollando en la Universidad ECOTEC en colaboración con el Departamento de Desarrollo Económico de la Facultad de Economía de la Universidad de La Habana; me llena de regocijo y satisfacción, ante todo, debido a que los autores participantes son profesionales de las Ciencias Económicas, que han dedicado una importante parte de su vida académica (por no decir toda), a los más importantes y representativos Temas del Pensamiento Económico Universal. Este libro contiene un estudio sobre el Pensamiento Económico Universal en su etapa preclásica, el Mercantilismo, William Petty y la Fisiocracia. Estos tres temas, son parte integrante de cualquier Programa Académico de la asignatura Pensamiento Económico Universal, por tanto, su objetivo principal, es la Docencia Universitaria y contribuir a la cultura de los estudiantes y público general interesados en los temas de la Historia del Pensamiento Económico.
Fundamentos de la Gestión Ambiental
Authors: Santana Moncayo Cesar Augusto , Aguilera Peña Roberto Guillermo
Published: July 2021

El libro que se presenta es el resultado de varios años de trabajo de los autores, tanto en la catedra universitaria, como en la práctica profesional. Recoge las experiencias de los autores en el ejercicio de la docencia universitaria y en la práctica profesional relacionada con el tema ambiental. Cada unidad está desarrollada con la recopilación de clases dictadas en temas actualizados y relacionados con las problemáticas ambientales del siglo XXI. Al final de cada uno de los capítulos se presentan temas de estudio y de investigación para un mejor aprendizaje y dominio de los temas estudiados. La Ecología y las Ciencias Ambientales están estrechamente relacionadas y la familiaridad con los principios de uno es esencial para la plena comprensión del otro. La principal diferencia entre la Ecología y las Ciencias Ambientales es que este último es un campo más general que incorpora muchos elementos de la Tierra y Ciencias de la Vida para comprender los diversos procesos naturales. Ecología, por el contrario, suele estar más centrado en cómo los organismos interactúan entre sí y con su entorno inmediato.
El emprendimiento: Reflexiones desde la educación superior
Authors: Armijos Santos Mónica Elizabeth , Albán Navarro Andrea Daniela , Mieles Loor Jennifer Lisbeth , Burgos Bazán Romina , Barrionuevo Intriago Valeria , Zamora Boza Clarisa Solange , Lozano Chaguay Luis Alberto , Fiallos Narváez Roxana Elizabeth , Espinoza García María Fernanda , Escobar Torres Karina Solange , Armijos Santos Mónica
Published: July 2021

Esta compilación recoge los 4 mejores artículos científicos relacionados con el Emprendimiento y la Educación Superior, presentados como ponencias en el marco del III Congreso Científico: Sociedad del Conocimiento: Retos y Perspectivas, los cuales sintetizan de manera clara los elementos y actores del acontecer local que desarrollan emprendimientos y la forma en cómo la Educación Superior ha contribuido a este desenvolvimiento.
Estrategias para el desarrollo turístico de la Isla Puná
Authors: Santana Moncayo César , Cevallos Ruales Fernando , Baquerizo Ávala Verónica
Published: July 2021

El presente libro se ha construido con base en los resultados del proyecto de investigación “Desarrollo Turístico Sostenible Local en Isla Puná”, elaborado y ejecutado por la Facultad de Turismo y Hotelería de la Universidad ECOTEC, con el apoyo de un grupo de ocho estudiantes de la misma Facultad y una de la Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, quienes, luego de las diversas salidas de campo efectuadas, presentaban ideas de desarrollo para el sitio, las mismas que han sido trasladadas a esta publicación.
Gestión de emprendedores en el Ecuador
Authors: Jaime Carriel Eliott Eduardo , Bowen José Ricardo , Traverso Holguín Paola Alexandra , Samaniego López Jaime Moisés , Benites Vera María Isabel , Ron Amores Rafael Eduardo , Alvear González María Laura , Llanos Encalada Mónica del Pilar , Vargas Intriago Jennifer Isabel , Armas Ortega Yadira Mariuxi , Tinoco Sotomayor Carolina Alexandra
Published: July 2021

¿El emprendedor nace o se hace?, se conoce que los emprendedores parten de las motivaciones básicas de la oportunidad y la necesidad. Los emprendimientos son ideas que se convierten en realidad a través de la combinación de herramientas y esfuerzos que permiten brindar un bien o un servicio a la comunidad. Sin embargo, el camino que debe recorrer el emprendedor está lleno de dificultades y oportunidades, lo que se transforma en su etapa de aprendizaje, la constancia y una actitud vencedora permite que los innovadores alcancen sus metas. En los negocios y la vida empresarial se habla de administración de personas, con un enfoque que pretende individualizar y ver al colaborador como ser humano lleno de habilidades y capacidades intelectuales que le permiten desarrollar el máximo potencial de los diversos talentos a favor de los emprendedores en su gestión. En sentido general, el presente texto puede resultar de interés para los lectores en relación con la gestión dentro de los emprendimientos y las herramientas necesarias para poder llevar a cabo las ideas a emprender, herramientas que van mejorando la gestión administrativa empresarial que permitan convertirlos en negocios exitosos.
La identidad e imagen corporativa en las instituciones de educación superior
Authors: Aguirre Jiménez Silvia , Carriel Gómez Mónica , Aguirre Jiménez Silvia , Chiquito García Blanca Flor , Pinos Moncayo Brianna Noheli , León López Perla Leonor , Trelles Rodríguez Irene
Published: July 2021

Las organizaciones, como parte de su evolución, han enfocado la atención hacia lo inmaterial y en este camino, la comunicación ha variado su función incorporando la acción y la estrategia. En este sentido, y de acuerdo a lo afirmado por Joan Costa, los valores intangibles en toda organización son la identidad, la imagen, la cultura, la comunicación y la reputación corporativa. Este libro pretende destacar la importancia de la identidad e imagen dentro de cualquier organización y particularmente en una institución de educación superior. En consecuencia, se describirán los procesos de auditoría de imagen aplicados a medios de comunicación y a una institución de educación superior
La perspectiva ambiental en las universidades
Authors: Ezquerra Quintana Geraldine , Gil Mateos Jorge Enrique , Passailaigue Baquerizo Roberto M. , Gil Mateos Jorge E. , Márquez Sánchez Fidel
Published: July 2021

La universidad moderna se encuentra llamada a un proceso de renovación de sus funciones vitales que implique una adaptación de su rol a las exigencias de los actuales cambios políticos, culturales, sociales, económicos y ambientales. En este sentido, dichas funciones son susceptibles de ser actualizadas desde las estructuras institucionales hasta los programas de las asignaturas de los planes de estudio de cada una de sus áreas, pasando por transformaciones en las prácticas pedagógicas. Dentro de este escenario educativo y marcado por una profunda crisis ambiental que tiene como base patrones culturales no armónicos con el medioambiente, la creación de espacios que favorezcan la adquisición de competencias ambientales y conductas responsables ambientalmente, constituye imperativo para las universidades dentro del siglo XXI. Específicamente en el contexto latinoamericano este tema cobra un matiz especial. El continente presenta una considerable degradación ambiental como resultado de la implantación de patrones de producción que han estado basados en la explotación de recursos naturales y su exportación.