bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Novelty Dimension in Project Management
Authors: Brockhoff Klaus
Published: July 2018

Novelty has substantial implications for project management. Because novelty is not objectively determined but perceived by project initiators and participants, diverging perceptions establish first-source managementtasks. Also, novelty is a multidimensional construct. A review of dimensions proposed in empirical measurement of novelty shows that, although about 20 items are used in many studies, no standard measurement approach has yet emerged. This hinders comparability and learning from empirical research on project management. Novelty should be considered as moderating the effects of management on success, because this is the more encompassing approach. The paper presents empirical research results on role structures of project management, team performance, autonomy of project management and clarity of objectives as well as ideal versus real characteristics of project managers. These results are primarily taken from studies by German authors with the aim of introducing this research to a broader audience. Although a substantial wealth of research results is available to support project management, optimisation is not yet possible. But, “one size fits all” is certainly not the right approach, and research results give some indications of how to respond to specific project characteristics. Furthermore, radically innovative projects call for more specific characteristics of projects managers than for more sophisticated planning aids.
Project Control: Literature Review
Authors: Rozenes Shai , Vitner Gad , Spraggett Stuart
Published: July 2018

A project control system aims to minimize the gap between project planning and project execution in order to achieve project aims, i.e., cost, time, and content. This paper reviews the current literature on project control systems. The first part provides an overview of the nature and importance of project control. The second part deals with current project control tools and techniques, followed by a discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of these systems.
The Effect of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards for Developers on Information Systems Project Success
Authors: Mahaney Robert C. , Lederer Albert L.
Published: July 2018

Project failure in information sytems development continues to plague organizations. A lack of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards for developers may be a cause of such failure. A survey instrument was created using existing project success scales and items based on structured interviews with 12 IS project managers. Two hundred two members of the Project Management Institute completed the survey. After rigorous validation, path analysis (an extension of multiple regression that simultaneously tests more complex relationships) showed that use of intrinsic rewards predicted client satisfaction and perceived quality (but not on-time and within-budget implementation success), whereas use of extrinsic rewards predicted implementation success (but not satisfaction or quality). Future researchers might investigate reasons for these complementary findings. Managers might use the findings in efforts to improve information systems project success.
Risk Management and Problem Resolution Strategies for it Projects: Prescription and Practice
Authors: Taylor Hazel
Published: July 2018

This study reports findings from an exploratory field study of risk management and problem resolution strategies used by 25 experienced Hong Kong project managers working for vendor firms on local and multinational IT projects. In contrast to formal prescriptions, respondents described a pragmatic approach applying general strategies, within four broad categories of control, negotiation, research, and monitoring, to all their projects, in order to both manage identified risks and be prepared for whatever problems might arise. These findings provide support for the conjecture that a practical alternative to traditional formal prescriptions may be needed if project managers are to succeed in managing highly uncertain situations with limited resources.
Managing Geographically Distributed Clients throughout the Project Management Life Cycle
Authors: Javed Talha , Manzil-E-Maqsood  , Durrani Qaiser S.
Published: July 2018

With a growing demand for software systems and increase in their complexity, software development and maintenance is no longer the preserve of individual designers and programmers. A thorough involvement of all the stakeholders, particularly that of the client, is required. Managing software projects is a difficult task when done locally, but it is even more difficult when the clients are geographically distributed as there are communication, cultural, lingual, and time-zone barriers. This paper reports a survey-based research study that identifies significant issues faced by project managers in managing geographically distributed clients during the execution of a software project. In addition to this, the paper investigates the issues that could have a significant contribution toward overall cost reduction. The findings indicate that 6 out of 12 identified issues have a significant contribution in reducing overall project cost. These are common understanding of project domain and requirements between client and development team, managing changes requested by the client, managing delays from the client side, understanding and meeting the client's definition and need ofsoftware quality, sufficientcommu-nication and involvementofclientand development team, and successfully negotiating the contracts with the client and subcontractors.
On Faith, Fact, and Interaction in Projects
Authors: Geraldi Joana G. , Adlbrecht Gerald
Published: July 2018

Projects are and have always been complex. However, complexity is hardly managed or influenced. This paper discusses the concept of patterns of complexity, the minimal manageable “space” of complexity. In order to appraise this pattern, complexity was grouped in three types: faith, fact, and interaction. Based on this typology, 10 characteristics typically involved in projects were defined. This resulting pattern was quantitatively and qualitatively tested with eight projects through the perspective of the project manager. Based on these results, the set of characteristics, as well as the method used to assess its intensity, is discussed. The results show that the pattern of complexity embraces relevant characteristics to support the situated management of projects, maintaining the holistic and strategic view of projects. The predominant type of complexity perceived by project managers was the complexity of interaction. This highlights the importance of coordination in projects. However, the coexistence of these three complexities was a constant in projects.
Project Categorization, Prioritization, and Execution Based on Six Sigma Concept: A Case Study of Operational Improvement Project
Authors: Jung Joo Y. , Lim Sang-Gyu
Published: July 2018

As the business environment changes, a key element needed for sustaining corporate success is the ability to respond proactively through operational improvement. Corporations are paying increased attention toward improving their operational management practices (Brown & Eisenhardt, 2000). In the last two decades, Six Sigma methodology has evolved with growing momentum, creating billions of dollars of value innovations in various industries. In this paper, a new framework using the Six Sigma methodology is presented that can help companies to better categorize potential projects in a systematic way. This framework maps potential projects in terms of process capability and controllability as its performance indicators. The applicability of this new framework is illustrated in a case study of operational improvement program management at a Fortune 100 company.
Project Team Performance: A Study of Electronic Task and Coordination Communication
Authors: Chiocchio François
Published: July 2018

Communication is a key factor in team performance, successful project completion, and effective project management. Collective asynchronous electronic messages on task and coordination sent among members of 34 teams were analyzed using time-series analysis. Results suggest that compared to low-performing teams, high-performing teams exchanged more messages, modified their exchanges around milestones, and were more prone to self-organize prior to project completion. Also, high-performing teams started to coordinate themselves later but maintained higher levels of coordination afterward. Project managers could benefit from monitoring the amount and the way their team members discuss task and coordination in order to ensure high team and project performance.
Project Management Processes across Borders: A Comparison of Eu-US Corporate Subsidiary Project Activities
Authors: Byosiere Philippe , Luethge Denise J.
Published: July 2018

This paper examines how project management activities vary in the corporate subsidiary of a multinational enterprise. The results of this case study indicate a pattern of direct, more simplistic activities in European operations, while a more complex pattern of project management activities operates in the North American subsidiary. Implications for this firm's efforts to transfer processes between divisions and to become “one global company” are discussed along with directions for future research.
We're not in Kansas Anymore, Toto: Mapping the Strange Landscape of Complexity Theory, and Its Relationship to Project Management
Authors: Cooke-Davies Terry , Cicmil Svetlana , Crawford Lynn , Richardson Kurt
Published: July 2018

Both practitioners and researchers in the field of project management have referred to problems caused by complexity or problems of particular significance to complex projects. In different scientific disciplines investigations into the behavior of complex dynamical systems are revealing insights that, taken together, amount to a challenge to the prevalent Cartesian/Newtonian/Enlightenment paradigm from which the practice of project management has emerged.

Concepts such as nonlinearity, emergence, self-organization, and radical unpredictability have major implications for the uncodified paradigm that underpins project management practice and research. Taken together, they amount to a complementary way of thinking and talking about projects and their management that might shed new light on intractable problems that appear to plague certain areas of project management practice.

One strand within complexity studies that holds particular promise is complex responsive processes of relating, a means of talking about how human beings interact and learn and how their interactions evolve over time and across space. A new program of research, of which this paper forms part, will apply this conceptual framework to the lived experience of project teams, including executive sponsors, project managers and project team members.
Project Management Research—The Challenge and Opportunity
Authors: Shenhar Aaron J. , Dvir Dov
Published: July 2018

Project management is one of the fastest growing disciplines in organizations today. However, ironically, the statistics of project success suggests that most projects still fail and many projects do not accomplish their business results. This presents possibly a unique opportunity for substantial improvement. In this paper the authors offer their perspective about the challenge that the project management research community is facing today. The authors propose several research directions that may evolve as central in the next few years in order to stimulate the discussion and debate about the future of the discipline. They first look at project management research from a problem-driven perspective and than offer three central views with which project management could be perceived: the strategic/business view, the operational/process view, and the team/leadership view. For each one the governing thought pattern, the theories, and the related disciplines are presented. Although these views are certainly not unique, they may provide an integrated perspective of the discipline and a possible trigger for further discussion that may help attract scholars from other more established academic disciplines and improve the status of project management research.
Minima Moralia in Project Management: There is No Right Life in the Wrong One
Authors: Klein Louis
Published: July 2018

“There is no right life in the wrong one,” Theodor W. Adorno (1951/2006) concluded in the Minima Moralia. In project management, this idea calls for rethinking the contributions and implications of the discipline for the greater context of society and the life of the individual project manager. What does it mean to be a good project manager and to pursue the right life? And what are we doing to the world? In the end, we will have learned that there is no way to be a good project manager without a systemic perspective on the real world.
Project Society: Paths and Challenges
Authors: Lundin Rolf A.
Published: July 2018

In Project Society, organizing by projects plays a prominent role. This type of society is already here, but projectification continues to lead developments and transformations along a set of paths and trajectories. One way to describe this trend is to say that there is societal organizing in which various types of projects are becoming even more prevalent and diverse. The projectification trend seems to be the result of a variety of mechanisms at work, where a wide set of traditional institutions—ranging from laws to mindsets—is constantly challenged and reformed. Managing, along with the nature of work, are changing and adapting.
Project Networks: Governance Choices and Paradoxical Tensions
Authors: DeFillippi Robert , Sydow Jörg
Published: July 2018

This article examines how project networks may be viewed as either a single interorganizational project or as a series of projects that are interconnected by interorganizational relationships. The article then discusses some core theoretic assumptions about project networks as more than temporary systems in comparison with the extant empirical research. Next, the article presents four types of mechanisms for governing and coordinating not only projects but also project networks: responsibilities, routines, roles, and relationships. Finally, the article unearths five types of paradoxes (the distance paradox, the learning paradox, the identity paradox, the difference paradox, and the temporal paradox) impacting project networks and offers insights into the governance-based choices available for coping with these paradoxical tensions.
Disassembling and Reassembling Project Management Maturity
Authors: Albrecht Jan Christoph , Spang Konrad
Published: July 2018

The ability of single research efforts in the field of project management maturity models (PMMMs) to build upon previous work is strongly limited by the adoption of different conceptions of maturity. A number of PMMMs were subjected to a qualitative content analysis in order to arrive at a generic understanding of maturity. Maturity was “disassembled” to single phrases and “reassembled” to two dimensions of maturity. One dimension was operationalized for use in a quantitative field survey. We perceive our analysis as one path to understanding project management maturity and conclude with an outlook on other potential paths.
Antecedents of Relationship Conflict in Cross-Functional Project Teams
Authors: Huo Xiaoyan , Zhang Lianying , Guo Haiyan
Published: July 2018

Relationship conflict is a pervasive phenomenon in cross-functional project teams. Although previous studies have demonstrated the dysfunctional effect of relationship conflict, the direct drivers of relationship conflict in cross-functional project teams remain unclear. To address this gap, a literature review and an advisory group discussion were performed to identify the antecedents of the relationship conflict framework. Afterward, a structural equation model (SEM) was used to confirm the influence of such antecedents on relationship conflict. Intrapersonal diversity, uncertain project task, organizational culture diversity, and inappropriate behavior positively influence relationship conflict. These findings help researchers better understand the drivers of relationship conflict as well as open a gateway for practitioners to control and manage relationship conflict for a successful cross-functional project.
Exploring the Role of Project Management in the Development of the Academic Agile Software Discourse: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Lechler Thomas G. , Yang Siwen
Published: July 2018

The practical applications of agile methods and their impact on the productivity and efficiency of software development dominate the agile literature. We analyzed 827 academic articles with bibliometric techniques to explore the role project management research played in the development of the academic agile discourse. Bibliometric analyses over two time periods reveal that project management–related topics form a distinct stream of research in the second time period but not in the first. Furthermore, our results reveal that the academic agile discussion has been mainly unidirectional. This situation offers many opportunities for project management researchers to contribute to the agile discourse.
Labeling Projects as Innovative: A Social Identity Theory
Authors: Sergeeva Natalya
Published: July 2018

The notion of ‘innovative projects’ is popular and often taken for granted. This article challenges this taken for granted concept and attempts to provide detailed insights into what constitutes an ‘innovative project.’ Specifically, the article focuses on three main questions: (1) What kinds of projects are considered innovative? (2) How do projects become recognized as innovative and by whom? And (3) Why are projects recognized as innovative? This research follows the ‘linguistic turn’ occurring in project management studies, showing that social identity theory is a useful and insightful way of understanding discursively constructed labels chosen by practitioners to identify projects as innovative. Labeling projects as innovative has implications for practice as playing an important strategic role in bolstering the reputations of organizations and attracting customers; such labels are often used meaningfully, but also purposefully in project-based organizations.
Mutual Monitoring of Resources in an Enterprise Systems Program
Authors: Chang Jamie Y. T.
Published: July 2018

During the implementation of IT programs, competition among project managers for the scarce resources required for the completion of individual projects is a common phenomenon. To avoid such self-interested resource competition among individual project managers, according to agency theory, resource monitoring among project managers can serve as an effective management mechanism for effective resource conflict resolution within a program. Furthermore, team cognition theory suggests that an understanding of goals for each project among project managers can also serve as a solid foundation for effective resource monitoring. Social interdependence theory also suggests that positive goal interdependence among projects within a program can motivate project managers to engage in cooperative interactions, allowing them to accomplish individual project goals as well as the overall program's goals. Based on a survey of 146 enterprise system implementation programs, the results of this study confirm that mutual resource monitoring among project managers is positively associated with final program implementation efficiency. Goal understanding among project managers, as well as goal interdependence, is positively associated with the effectiveness of resource monitoring among project managers within the implementation program.
The Influence of Project Commitment and Team Commitment on the Relationship between Trust and Knowledge Sharing in Project Teams
Authors: Buvik Marte Pettersen , Tvedt Sturle Danielsen
Published: July 2018

The purpose of the study is to enhance our understanding of the relationship among trust, commitment, and knowledge sharing in project teams. We examine how trust directly and indirectly affects knowledge sharing. We include two different foci of commitment that are highly relevant to project teams: team commitment and project commitment. A mediation analysis is conducted on data from 179 project team members in 31 Norwegian construction project teams. Our results suggest different effects of the two foci of commitment, indicating that, in a project team context, project commitment is more important for knowledge sharing than team commitment.
The Role of Co-Creation in Enhancing Explorative and Exploitative Learning in Project-Based Settings
Authors: Eriksson Per Erik , Leiringer Roine , Szentes Henrik
Published: July 2018

We study how co-creation practices influence explorative and exploitative learning in five collaborative construction projects with partnering arrangements. Drawing on a longitudinal case study, our findings reveal two different types of explorative learning processes (i.e., adaptation and radical development) and three different exploitative learning processes (i.e., incremental development, knowledge sharing, and innovation diffusion). Furthermore, co-creation practices enhance adaptation, radical development, and incremental development, which are typical intra-project learning processes. Co-creation practices do not, however, enhance knowledge sharing and innovation diffusion across projects. These findings concur with previous insights that the temporary and one-off nature of projects makes inter-project learning problematic.
Green Building Construction Projects in Singapore: Cost Premiums and Cost Performance
Authors: Hwang Bon-Gang , Zhu Lei , Wang Yinglin , Cheong Xinyi
Published: July 2018

This study aims to investigate the cost premiums and cost performance of green building projects. After an extensive literature review, relevant data from 242 traditional and 121 green building projects performed by 30 different companies were collected through a survey in Singapore. The results indicate that the green cost premiums range from 5% to 10% and that project type and size are significant factors affecting the cost premiums. Furthermore, the cost performance is mostly over budget, ranging from 4.5% to 7%. Finally, this study proposes some feasible solutions for cost premiums reduction and cost performance improvement.
Using Process Theory for Accumulating Project Management Knowledge: A Seven-Category Model
Authors: Niederman Fred , Müller Benjamin , March Salvatore T.
Published: July 2018

Process theory has become an important mechanism for the accumulation of knowledge in a number of disciplines. Process theory focuses on sequences of activities, their durations, and the intervals between them, as they lead to specific outcomes. Thus, process theory is particularly relevant to project management knowledge representation and accumulation. We present a seven-category model that specifies different formulations of process theory, explaining how it can be applied and leveraged to accumulate knowledge, specifically within project management research.

“… You simply don't go out and do a piece of work. No, the first thing you do is determine the lengthy sequence of activities necessary even to begin the job. Then you realize that the sequence of preparatory activities is so long you will never get to the intended task. So you go fishing instead.”

Patrick F. McManus (1989, p. 1)

“Sequences” in The Night the Bear Ate Goombaw
Knowledge Contribution as a Factor in Project Selection
Authors: Geng Shuang , Chuah Kong Bieng , Law Kris M. Y. , Cheung Che Keung , Chau Y. C. , Rui Cao
Published: July 2018

Project selection is a crucial decision-making process in many organizations. By adopting a project-based learning perspective, this study sets out to develop a framework to integrate organizational knowledge development with project selection. We utilize various knowledge management models to create a structured evaluation metric to measure project contribution to organizational knowledge. A project selection model, which involves project knowledge contribution as one of the evaluation perspectives, is proposed. Results of a focus group study effectively validate the proposed evaluation metric. The article concludes with an empirical implementation of the model in an electronic component manufacturing company.
Contractual Complexity in Construction Projects
Authors: Wang Wenqian , Chen Yongqiang , Zhang Shuibo , Wang Yu
Published: July 2018

Building on the multifunctional perspective from current contract theory, we conceptualize contractual complexity as a three-dimensional construct to depict the explicitness and elaborateness of control, coordination, and adaptation provisions in a construction project contract. A 13-item scale with construction project features is developed for measuring the different aspects of contractual complexity following rigorous scale development procedures. Using the structural equation modeling technique, empirical testing results demonstrate that all of the three components contribute significantly to contractual complexity. Further analysis indicated that treating contractual complexity in the three-functional way outperforms the unidimensional one regarding power to explain satisfaction and strong-form opportunism.
Teaching Project Management through an Information Technology-Based Method
Authors: Hingorani Kamal , Sankar Chetan S. , Kramer Scott W.
Published: July 2018

New information technology-based teaching methods are essential to bring the issues faced by a project manager to the classrooms electronically. This paper describes implementation of a method to achieve this objective and compares its learning effectiveness with lectures and written case study methods. The major findings were that the information technology-based method was more effective compared to written case studies and lectures in developing higher-level cognitive skills and triggering interest in learning about project management. This research shows that information technology-based methods need to be deployed in order to impart higher-level cognitive skills to potential project managers.
Virtual Project Management: Tools and the Trade
Authors: Guss Connie L.
Published: July 2018

This paper investigates the broad subject of project management organizations as they enter a new era of organizational arrangements. Practitioners and academics often refer to these arrangements as globally dispersed or as virtual project enterprises. This paper focuses on four related areas of virtual project organizations and their project teams. The paper presents a brief history about approaches to project management theory and practice and defines virtual project organizations. The paper addresses challenges concerning communication and technology for virtual project organizations. The paper then summarizes four key organizational structures that form the basis of project-based organizations. This context is necessary in showing why some of the problems in understanding organizational structures are related to how well this information is communicated through models. An evolution of management approaches necessitates a modification in the types of project management models and communication tools. The paper introduces a new model that is capable of educating practitioners about the importance of focusing on people-centered project management tools for virtual project organizations. The final section of the paper examines one strategic and operational planning and communication tool: the roundtable road-mapping method. The tool is simple yet it is important in understanding the level of personal involvement that may be required for successful communication and planning in nontraditional virtual project structures.

The following paper is the winner of the 1997 International Student Paper Award. Sponsored by the PMI Educational Foundation, the International Student Paper Award recognizes excellence in student development of original concepts in project management. Mrs. Guss was presented the award at PMI '97 in Chicago, Illinois.
An Efficient Approximation for Project Composite Learning Curves
Authors: Amor Jean-Pierre , Teplitz Charles J.
Published: July 2018

The project manager is responsible for providing an accurate project schedule estimate to all parties involved in a new project. To improve the accuracy of such schedules, especially for programs consisting of repetitive projects, it is necessary for the program/project manager to incorporate the “learning effect” into activity time estimates. Any activity that a worker will be performing repetitively will likely see its duration time decrease along a predetermined learning curve. To ignore the learning effect during the estimating phase is to settle for inaccurate estimates and likely broken delivery promises. While previous authors have argued the wisdom of incorporating learning curves, they have only provided computationally expensive means of doing so. This paper demonstrates through several diverse examples of multiunit programs that project composite learning curves can be approximated with minimal effort to provide accurate estimates of program duration and delivery dates.
Does a Rubber Baseline Guarantee Cost Overruns on Defense Acquisition Contracts?
Authors: Christensen David S. , Gordon James A.
Published: July 2018

A common assertion in defense literature is that an unstable budget baseline contributes to cost overruns on defense acquisition contracts. Using cost performance data from over 400 defense acquisition contracts, we tested this assertion. The stability of the baseline was characterized by the number of significant changes to the budget, and by a statistical measure of the baseline's variability, the coefficient of variation. Cost performance was characterized by cost and schedule performance indices. Using 2 statistical methods, we found no significant relationships between baseline instability and cost overruns. Further, these results were insensitive to the managing service, the buying activity, and the contract type. Changes on a defense contract are not compelling rationale for cost overruns. Other possible causal factors should be more closely examined. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense of the U.S. government.
Effective Sizing and Content Definition of Work Packages
Authors: Raz Tzvi , Globerson Shlomo
Published: July 2018

The definition of a project's scope requires comprehensive specification of its work breakdown structure. An essential element of this is appropriate division of the project into manageable work packages. We present the main considerations relevant to determining the size and contents of work packages. We also provide two supporting tools: a checklist for examining the adequacy of the breakdown and a form for capturing the required information.
Echoes of the Silent Language of Project Management
Authors: Milosevic Dragan Z.
Published: July 2018

Despite business globalization, many U.S. project managers are facing a danger—the inability to operate in multicultural projects. Sensing the danger, companies deploy cross-cultural training programs. The programs deliver dismal performance when it comes to improving multicultural project management. The reason: they leave intact the old belief that one project management fits all cultures. This paper discards the old belief and offers a new paradigm that project team members with different cultural backgrounds interpret the same project management practices differently. It is this paradigm—termed the silent language of project management—that removes the danger.
Improving Resource-Constrained Project Schedules with Look-Ahead Techniques
Authors: Gemmill Douglas D. , Edwards Michelle L.
Published: July 2018

A method, referred to as “look-ahead,” has been developed that can provide an improved sequence in which to perform the activities of a resource-constrained project schedule. In particular, this method has been applied to the scheduling of activities required to complete depot maintenance of aircraft. In many cases, the method is able to decrease the total makespan of resource-constrained projects over that achieved when using existing heuristics.
The Logical Framework Method for Defining Project Success
Authors: Baccarini David
Published: July 2018

Project success is a core concept of project management but its definition remains elusive. The project team must have a clear understanding of their project success objectives. This paper uses the logical framework method (LFM) as a foundation for defining project success. Using LFM, four levels of project objectives are identified: goal, purpose, output, and input. It is proposed that project success consists of two components—product success and project management success. Product success deals with goal and purpose; project management success deals with outputs and inputs.
Management of Modular Projects: A Templating Approach
Authors: Phillips J.B. , Phillips A. , Phillips A.
Published: July 2018

The concept of a modular project is developed and a strategy for managing such projects is presented. A modular project is one that consists of several similar entities, or modules, which are the object of similar functions or processes applied repeatedly. The management approach for modular projects presented in this paper is to complete one module in significant detail and with insightful analysis of the contingencies that can arise in other modules, and then develop a standardized set of procedures for dealing with all of the other modules. The advantages of the modular project approach are presented, which include standardization, increased efficiency, and more rapid overall progress on large projects. However, in order for this technique to be employed effectively, significant advance planning by the project management team must be undertaken.
Direct Orange 34 dye fixation by modified kaolin
Authors: Chargui H. , Hajjaji W. , Wouters J. , Yans J. , Jamoussi F.
Published: July 2018

The present study investigated the adsorption behaviour of Direct Orange 34, a highly toxic dye used in textile industries in Tunisia, on modified kaolinite-rich clays. A kaolin from the Sidi Bader (SDB) area was activated with hydrochloric acid to create the activated clay referred to hearafter as SDBa, or treated with FeSO4•7H2O to obtain its Fe-saturated form, Fe-SDB. The adsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, BET surface area and zeta-potential measurements. The equilibrium adsorption data were analysed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The estimated adsorption capacities (qm) for the dye were improved in the Fe-loaded samples. The good fit (R2 = 0.99) with a pseudo-second order expression suggests that the adsorption process could be effective following a chemisorption mechanism. At acidic pH, the optimum dye-retention rate was achieved for SDB (83%) after 60 min. The uptake decreased at neutral pH and increased again in alkaline media. This behaviour might be explained by the formation of covalent bonds between the OH radicals on the external surface and the negatively charged dye molecules. On the other hand, Fe impregnation increased the zeta potential of kaolinite, leading to a greater adsorption capacity compared to its natural and acid-activated counterparts. In addition, the adsorption rate increased when increasing the suspension temperature from 283 to 313 K. The modified kaolinite-rich materials showed satisfactory affinity for adsorbing this reactive dye.
Unique sperm haplotypes are associated with phenotypically different sperm subpopulations in Astyanax fish
Authors: Borowsky Richard , Luk Alissa , He Xinjian , Kim Rebecca S.
Published: July 2018

Background

The phenotypes of sperm are generally believed to be under the control of the diploid genotype of the male producing them rather than their own haploid genotypes, because developing spermatids share cytoplasm through intercellular bridges. This sharing is believed to homogenize their content of gene products. However, not all developing spermatids have identical gene products and estimates are that alleles at numerous gene loci are unequally expressed in sperm. This provides scope for the hypothesis that sperm phenotypes might be influenced by their unique haplotypes. Here we test a key prediction of this hypothesis.

Results

The haploid hypothesis predicts that phenotypically different sperm subpopulations should be genetically distinct. We tested this by genotyping different sperm subpopulations that were generated by exposing sperm to a chemical dye challenge (Hoechst 33342). Dye treatment caused the cells to swell and tend to clump together. The three subpopulations of sperm we distinguished in flow cytometry corresponded to single cells, and clumps of two or three. Cell clumping in the presence of the dye may reflect variation in cell adhesivity. We found that allelic contents differed among the three populations. Importantly, the subpopulations with clumped sperm cells were significantly enriched in allelic combinations that had previously been observed to have significantly lower transmission success.

Conclusions

We show that at least one sperm phenotype is correlated with its haploid genotype. This supports a broader hypothesis that the haploid genotypes of sperm cells may influence their fitness, with potentially significant implications for the transmission of deleterious alleles or combinations of alleles to their offspring.
Low-FODMAP diet in the management of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Zanetti Ana Julia Abrahão , Rogero Marcelo Macedo , von Atzingen Maria Carolina Batista Campos
Published: July 2018

Background

Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) are short-chain carbohydrates poorly absorbed by humans due to their small size, high osmotic activity, and the speed with which they are fermented by the microbiota. This causes abdominal pain, diarrhea and or constipation, and bloating. Studies about low-FODMAP diet to reduce the symptoms presented by patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have recently grown. This study aims to identify the characteristics and the risks of low-FODMAP diet to irritable bowel syndrome patients.

Methods

Electronic databases were used to search for the following words and/or expressions: “FODMAP Diet,” “Low FODMAP diet,” “irritable bowel syndrome,” and “Diet in IBS.” The study was carried out between February and September 2017.

Results

The low-FODMAP diet consists of two phases: in the first phase, carbohydrates associated with symptom induction in IBS patients and with the evaluation of the improvement conditions are eliminated or reduced; in the second phase, the eliminated groups are gradually reintroduced according to the presented symptomatology.

Conclusions

The low-FODMAP diet restrains the intake of certain food, and it leads to significant improvement in the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome patients. However, some nutritional deficiencies may occur, if there is inadequate nutritional guidance, highlighting the need for adequate dietary management.
Long-stay patients with and without intellectual disability in forensic psychiatric settings: comparison of characteristics and needs
Authors: Chester Verity , Völlm Birgit , Tromans Samuel , Kapugama Chaya , Alexander Regi T.
Published: July 2018

Background

In recent years, concerns have been raised that too many patients stay for too long in forensic psychiatric services and that this is a particular problem in those with an intellectual disability.

Aims

To compare the characteristics, needs, and care pathways of long-stay patients with and without intellectual disability within forensic psychiatric hospital settings in England.

Method

File reviews and questionnaires were completed for all long-stay patients in high secure and a representative sample of those in medium secure settings in England. Between-group analyses comparing patients with and without intellectual disability are reported.

Results

Of the 401 long-stay patients, the intellectual disability and non-intellectual disability groups were strikingly similar on many sociodemographic, clinical and forensic variables. The intellectual disability group had significantly lower lengths of stay, fewer criminal sections, restriction orders and prison transfers, and higher levels of behavioural incidents and risk assessment scores.

Conclusions

In spite of similar offence histories and higher risk levels, those with intellectual disability appear to be diverted away from the criminal justice system and have shorter lengths of stay. This has implications about the applicability of the Transforming Care programme to this group.
ΣΥΧΝΟΤΗΣ ΤΗΣ ΤΑΙΝΙΑΣ ΤΗΣ ΕΧΙΝΟΚΟΚΚΟΥ ΤΟΝ ΚΥΝΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΩΝ ΑΘΗΝΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗΣ
Authors: ΠΑΝΕΤΣΟΣ ΑΧΙΛΛΕΑΣ
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΓΕΝΙΚΗ ΑΝΑΙΣΘΗΣΙΑ ΚΥΝΟΣ Η ΕΝΔΟΠΕΡΙΤΟΝΑΪΚΗ ΧΡΗΣΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΝΕΜΒΟΥΤΑΛΗΣ
Authors: ΑΣΠΙΩΤΗΣ Ν.
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΠΕΡΙΠΤΩΣΙΣ ΚΑΡΔΙΑΚΗΣ ΑΝΕΠΑΡΚΕΙΑΣ ΚΥΝΟΣ ΟΦΕΙΛΟΜΕΝΗΣ ΕΙΣ ΤΗΝ DIROFILARIA IMMITIS
Authors: Mc QUEEN R. D.
Published: July 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
Evidence surrounding feeding the canine pancreatitis patient
Authors: Ackerman Nicola
Published: July 2018

There are many scenarios in practice where animals present with acute, chronic, and acute on chronic bouts of pancreatitis. By investigating the risk of pancreatitis in association with high fat diets in a clinical setting, dietary manipulation could be instigated to reduce the risk of pancreatitis or the risk of recurrence.

Many animals are placed on low fat diets when diagnosed with pancreatitis, but there are no evidence-based fat levels suggested for these animals. Nutritional recommendations for adult dogs are a minimum of 5.5 g per 100 g dry matter of the food consumed, based on an energy requirement of 95 kcal/kg bwt0.75; there is no recommendation on the type of fats, but that the essential fatty acids are provided.

A review of evidence concerning fat levels indicates that hyperlipidaemia will predispose to pancreatitis, but no defined levels have been published.
Elementos ontológicos del pensamiento crítico
Authors: Rodríguez Ortiz Angélica María
Published: July 2018

Este artículo presenta una investigación analítica cuya pretensión consiste en desvelar la naturaleza del pensamiento crítico en aras de aportar claridad conceptual a los discursos que circulan en la literatura sobre ciencias de la educación. Desvelar la ontología del pensamiento crítico permitirá a docentes e investigadores, en el campo de la educación, adquirir la comprensión necesaria para pensar en estrategias pedagógicas y didácticas que jalonen, en los seres humanos, el desarrollo de habilidades de nivel superior, con el fin de formar seres capaces de pensar por sí mismos y de actuar bajo razones y criterios argumentados; discernimientos sustentados en el uso del lenguaje y sus relaciones con el pensamiento y la acción.
La pedagogía de la alteridad como paradigma de la educación para la paz
Authors: Ortega Ruiz Pedro , Romero Sánchez Eduardo
Published: July 2018

Este artículo constituye una fundamentación teórica de la paz como valor desde la ética levinasiana y ofrece una propuesta educativa para la construcción de la paz desde la pedagogía de la alteridad. La experiencia de los últimos decenios nos revela la incoherencia entre el discurso de la paz y la búsqueda de las condiciones necesarias para alcanzarla. La paz no es solo ausencia de conflictos y de guerras. Es la construcción justa y equitativa de las condiciones de vida para todos. Para los autores los contenidos indispensables para educar en la paz son: la integración del diferente cultural; la justicia y la solidaridad, y el cuidado de nuestra casa común. Al mismo tiempo ofrecen una propuesta educativa que parte de los siguientes supuestos: educar en la responsabilidad hacia los otros y el medio ambiente; integrar el contexto en el proceso educativo, y la necesidad de fomentar la pedagogía negativa como denuncia y crítica de las situaciones injusticias que acontecen.
Análise de parâmetros físicos, químicos e microbiológicos de poços de monitoramento em área aplicada com vinhaça
Authors: Correia de Oliveira Gomes Ana Carolina , Alves de Carvalho Laércio , Rondon Súarez Yzel , Novak Elaine , Martins Moreira Rodrigo
Published: July 2018

A vinhaça é um subproduto no processo de produção de açúcar e álcool e é comumente aplicada nos canaviais como fertilizante mineral, contudo apresenta alto potencial de contaminação para o solo, a água superficial e subterrânea. Este trabalho visa avaliar a qualidade da água subterrânea através do monitoramento de alguns parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos em poços de monitoramento existentes em áreas de cana-de-açúcar irrigadas com vinhaça. Para isto foram analisados 14 parâmetros de qualidade da água em 17 poços de monitoramento distribuídos em área de 10.138,23ha de aplicação de vinhaça de uma usina de açúcar e álcool no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Os parâmetros analisados foram: condutividade, cor aparente, DBO520, fostato total, nitrato, nitrito, nitrogênio amoniacal total, nitrogênio total Kjeldahl, OD, pH, sólidos totais, turbidez e coliformes totais. As análises ocorreram semestralmente no período de 2009 a 2012. Através da Análise de Componentes Principais, aplicada separadamente às amostragens nos períodos seco e chuvoso, foi constatado que os poços se diferenciam pelo tempo de aplicação de vinhaça, sugerindo que os parâmetros avaliados de qualidade da água estão sendo influenciados pela aplicação de vinhaça. Os poços de monitoramento podem ser fontes de contaminação de água subterrânea, porém no presente estudo não foram observados valores que alterassem a qualidade da água subterrânea possivelmente pela capacidade de depuração do solo, pela aplicação de vinhaça adequadamente e correta construção dos poços seguindo a NBR n° 15495-1:2007.
INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE MACROSCOPIC RESIDUAL STRESSES OF CUTTING CERAMICS AFTER MECHANICAL MACHINING
Authors: Němeček Jakub , Čapek Jiří , Ganev Nikolaj , Kolařík Kamil
Published: July 2018

Currently, the extensive research in the field of cutting ceramics is conducted and there are efforts to replace cemented carbides by these materials. However, the problem is to improve the production of ideal compact samples. Therefore, the influence of mechanical machining technologies on the values of macroscopic residual stresses was investigated by X-ray diffraction. The resulting values were discussed depending on machining parameters and surface structure of the studied samples.
CONDIÇÕES DE ARMAZENAMENTO DE MEDICAMENTOS NAS UNIDADES BÁSICAS DE SAÚDE DO DISTRITO SANITÁRIO NORDESTE DE BELO HORIZONTE, BRASIL
Authors: Dutra Kátia Reis , De Morais Martins Ursula Carolina , Lima Marina Guimarães
Published: July 2018

O armazenamento correto tem por finalidade o fornecimento de medicamentos com parâmetros adequados de qualidade e na quantidade e tempo oportunos para a população. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as condições de armazenamento de medicamentos no almoxarifado e nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) do Distrito Sanitário Nordeste de Belo Horizonte. O estudo foi descritivo e quantitativo, realizado no almoxarifado e em 20 UBS. A coleta de dados foi por meio de observação direta, utilizando indicadores propostos pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). A proporção de alcance de requisitos de condições adequadas de armazenamento foi em média de76,7% por farmácia de UBS e de 83,3% para o almoxarifado. Não foram encontrados medicamentos vencidos. Os itens com pior avaliação foram relativos à estrutura física das unidades e os melhor avaliados se referiram ao processo de trabalho. São recomendadas medidas para que a qualidade dos medicamentos seja preservada e que seu uso racional contribua para a saúde da população, como aumento de investimentos para a estruturação da área física de estocagem dos produtos farmacêuticos.