bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simplifying quantum double Hamiltonians using perturbative gadgets
Authors: Konig R.
Published: March 2021

Perturbative gadgets were originally introduced to generate effective $k$-local interactions in the low-energy sector of a $2$-local Hamiltonian. Extending this idea, we present gadgets which are specifically suited for realizing Hamiltonians exhibiting non-abelian anyonic excitations. At the core of our construction is a perturbative analysis of a widely used hopping-term Hamiltonian. We show that in the low-energy limit, this Hamiltonian can be approximated by a certain ordered product of operators. In particular, this provides a simplified realization of Kitaev's quantum double Hamiltonians.
PPT classifiable families of bipartite states
Authors: Steinhoff F.E.S. , de Oliveira M.C.
Published: March 2021

We construct a family of bipartite states of arbitrary dimension whose eigenvalues of the partially transposed matrix can be inferred directly from the block structure of the global density matrix. We identify from this several subfamilies in which the PPT criterion is both necessary and sufficient. A sufficient criterion of separability is obtained, which is fundamental for the discussion. We show how several examples of states known to be classifiable by the PPT criterion indeed belong to this general set. Possible uses of these states in numerical analysis of entanglement and in the search of PPT bound entangled states are briefly discussed.
Evolution from entanglement to decoherence
Authors: Yu T. , Eberly J.H.
Published: March 2021

We examine a class of bipartite mixed states which we call X states and report several analytic results related to the occurrence of early-stage decoherence or so-called entanglement sudden death (ESD) under time evolution in the presence of common types of environmental noise. Avoidance of sudden death by application of purely local operations is shown to be feasible in some cases.
Separability criteria based on the Bloch representation of density matrices
Authors: de Vicente J.
Published: March 2021

We study the separability of bipartite quantum systems in arbitrary dimensions using the Bloch representation of their density matrix. This approach enables us to find an alternative characterization of the separability problem, from which we derive a necessary condition and sufficient conditions for separability. For a certain class of states the necessary condition and a sufficient condition turn out to be equivalent, therefore yielding a necessary and sufficient condition. The proofs of the sufficient conditions are constructive, thus providing decompositions in pure product states for the states that satisfy them. We provide examples that show the ability of these conditions to detect entanglement. In particular, the necessary condition is proved to be strong enough to detect bound entangled states.
On the iterative decoding of sparse quantum codes
Authors: Poulin D. , Chung Y.
Published: March 2021

We address the problem of decoding sparse quantum error correction codes. For Pauli channels, this task can be accomplished by a version of the belief propagation algorithm used for decoding sparse classical codes. Quantum codes pose two new challenges however. Firstly, their Tanner graph unavoidably contain small loops which typically undermines the performance of belief propagation. Secondly, sparse quantum codes are by definition highly degenerate. The standard belief propagation algorithm does not exploit this feature, but rather it is impaired by it. We propose heuristic methods to improve belief propagation decoding, specifically targeted at these two problems. While our results exhibit a clear improvement due to the proposed heuristic methods, they also indicate that the main source of errors in the quantum coding scheme remains in the decoding.
A fast quantum circuit for addition with few qubits
Authors: Takahashi Y. , Kunihiro N.
Published: March 2021

We show how to construct a fast quantum circuit for computing the sum of two $n$-bit binary numbers with few qubits. The constructed circuit uses $O(n/\log n)$ ancillary qubits and its depth and size are $O(\log n)$ and $O(n)$, respectively. The number of ancillary qubits is asymptotically less than that in Draper et al.'s quantum carry-lookahead adder, and the depth and size are asymptotically the same as those of Draper et al.'s. Moreover, we show that the circuit is useful for constructing an efficient quantum circuit for Shor's factoring algorithm.
Improved one-way rates for BB84 and 6-state protocols
Authors: Kern O. , Renes J.M.
Published: March 2021

We study the advantages to be gained in quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols by combining the techniques of local randomization, or noisy preprocessing, and structured (nonrandom) block codes. Extending the results of [Smith, Renes, and Smolin, {\em Physical Review Letters}, 100:170502] pertaining to BB84, we improve the best-known lower bound on the error rate for the 6-state protocol from 14.11% for local randomization alone to at least 14.59%. Additionally, we also study the effects of iterating the combined preprocessing scheme and find further improvements to the BB84 protocol already at small block lengths.
Sub- and super-fidelity as bounds for quantum fidelity
Authors: Miszczak J.A. , Puchala Z. , Horodecki P. , Uhlmann A. , Zyczkowski K.
Published: March 2021

We derive several bounds on fidelity between quantum states. In particular we show that fidelity is bounded from above by a simple to compute quantity we call super--fidelity. It is analogous to another quantity called sub--fidelity. For any two states of a two--dimensional quantum system (N=2) all three quantities coincide. We demonstrate that sub-- and super--fidelity are concave functions. We also show that super--fidelity is super--multiplicative while sub--fidelity is sub--multiplicative and design feasible schemes to measure these quantities in an experiment.Super--fidelity can be used to define a distance between quantum states. With respect to this metric the set of quantum states forms a part of a N^2-1 dimensional hypersphere.
Generalized concurrences do not provide necessary and sufficient conditions for entanglement detection
Authors: Cattaneo L. , D'Alessandro D.
Published: March 2021

We study generalized concurrences as a tool to detect the entanglement of bipartite quantum systems. By considering the case of 2x4 states of rank 2, we prove that generalized concurrences do not, in general, give a necessary and sufficient condition of separability. We identify a set of entangled states which are undetected by this method.
Electrooxidation of Urea and Creatinine on Nickel Foam-based Electrocatalysts
Authors: Carpenter Kelly , Stuve Eric
Published: March 2021

This work describes the electrocatalytic behavior of urea and creatinine on catalysts of nickel foam (NF), nickel hydroxy foam (NHF), and iron-doped nickel hydroxy foam (Fe-NHF) at room temperature in alkaline electrolyte at pH 14. This work is relevant to urea removal from urine and dialysate.
Influence of a Cu-Zirconia Interface Structure on CO2 Adsorption and Activation
Authors: Gell Lars , Lempelto Aku , Kiljunen toni , Honkala Karoliina
Published: March 2021

We have screened different Cu-ZrO2 interface structures and analysed the influence of the interface structure on CO2 binding strength using density functional theory calculations. Our results demonstrate that a Cu nanorod favours one position on both tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO2 surfaces, where the bottom Cu atoms are placed close the lattice oxygens. CO2 prefers a bent bidentate configuration at the interface and the molecule is clearly activated being negatively charged. Altogether, our results highlight that CO2 adsorption and activation depend sensitively on the chemical composition and atomic structure of the interface used in the calculations.
Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Study of Divalent Germanium, Tin and Lead Triazenides for Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Samii Rouzbeh , Zanders David , Fransson Anton , Bačić Goran , Barry Sean , Ojamäe Lars , Kessler Vadim , Pedersen Henrik , O'Brien Nathan
Published: March 2021

The number of M–N bonded divalent group 14 precursors suitable for atomic layer deposition is limited, in particular for Ge and Pb. A majority of the reported precursors are dicoordinated, with the only tetracoordinated example being the Sn(II) amidinate. No such Ge(II) and Pb(II) compounds have been demonstrated. Herein, we present tetracoordinated Ge(II), Sn(II) and Pb(II) complexes bearing two sets of the bidentate 1,3-di-tert-butyl triazenide ligands. These compounds are highly volatile and show ideal behavior by thermogravimetric analysis. However, they have unusual thermal properties and exhibit instability during sublimation. Interestingly, the instability is not only temperature dependent but also facilitated by reduced pressure. Using quantum-chemical density functional theory, a gas-phase decomposition pathway was mapped out. The pathway account for the unusual thermal behavior of the compounds and is supported by electron impact mass spectrometry data.
A study to assess the clinico-radiological and spirometric proৎile of post tuberculosis patients in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Kavya S  , Priya Joy  , Gangadharan V
Published: March 2021

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which has affected millions of people around the world. Ten million new TB cases were identified globally in 2018, with an estimated 1.2 million deaths.  Lung function impairment often occurs due to the destruction of the lung parenchyma. This causes ventilatory abnormalities, often of obstructive type. Radiological lesions are also a common consequence of pulmonary tuberculosis. This study aims to analyse the various clinical features and assess the spirometric and radiological findings in post TB patients. This is a prospective observational study. All patients visiting the Chest Medicine OPD of Saveetha Medical College and Hospital who had a history of treated pulmonary tuberculosis and were above 18 years of age were included in this study. Patients who had no signs of active Tuberculosis underwent spirometry, and a chest x-ray was taken. Clinical presentation, spirometric parameters and radiological lesion were analysed. Among the 76 patients included in this study, 73.7% were male with most patients aged between 51 to 60 years. 64.5% of the study population were smokers. Dyspnoea (94.73%) was found to be the most common presenting complaint. Obstructive pattern (49%) was found to be the most common type of spirometric pattern with 68.42% having small airway disease. Based on the Wilcox classification, Degree II (47.37%) was the most common extent of the radiological lesion. It was found that there is a statistically significant difference between smokers and non-smokers in post-bronchodilator FEV1 (p=0.037) and FEF25-75 values (p=0.010). This study reveals the presence of post tuberculosis lung impairment in the population with varying presentations and severity. Hence, further studies and interventions are required to improve the quality of life of post tuberculosis patients.
Complementary Review Of Anti Arthritis Activity Of Pithcellobium Dulce Plant Extract
Authors: Gejalakshmi S  , Harikrishnan N  , Rehka V  , Santhiya S  , Deepak M  , Sanjay Kumar M  , Jasim Ahmed J
Published: March 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder. It generates joint inflammation and synovitis. Which influence more or less 20 % of the population in India. The arthritis symptoms are created step by step. The major symptom of RA is a pain in the joint. The high level of rheumatoid factor ( RF ) in the blood is most often associated with autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis & sjogren's syndrome. The Normal range of RF is from 0-20 IU / ml. The anti-arthritis activity evaluation can be studied by using an animal model. The anti-arthritis activity can be done using pithecellobium dulce leaves. The pithecellobium dulce is also called Manila tamarind. PD leaves are also used as astringent to treat antidiabetic activity. The phytoconstituent is existing in leaves are alkaloids, phenol, afezilin, glycoside, saponin, telephenoid, quericitin, dulcitol and laempferol. The fresh leaves are collected and dried to prepared the extract. The dried leaves were ground by using a blender has fine powder. In pithecellobium dulce leaf extract, various methods of extraction like methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extract used for many activities such as CNS depressant, Analgesic, Antidiarrhoeal, Anti-inflammatory and Anti arthritis activity. The ethanol extract of pithecellobium dulce has a significant Anti arthritis activity.
Polyphenol rich mung bean (Vigna radiata) yogurt for obesity prevention
Authors: Winarsi H. , Agustia F.C. , Ramadhan G.R. , Zaki I. , Putri W.A.K. , Sulistyaning A.R. , Farida F. , Sari H.P.
Published: March 2021

This study was aimed to obtain yogurt formula rich in antioxidant phenolic and soluble
protein of mung beans. Mung beans were washed, soaked, and then drained. With a ratio
of 1:8, mung-beans and water, blended, and then filtered to produce mung beans juice.
Mung beans yogurt (Mungbe-Yo) were made with the proportion of mung bean juice and
skim milk were 100:0; 95:5; 90:10, and 85:15, before added with sugar as much as 10%,
pasteurized in a 70°C temperature for 20 mins. After that, each Mungbe-Yo formula was
cooled to 45°C, then added lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a starter, as much as 2% and 4%,
followed by incubation at room temperature for 24 hrs. Sensory tests included color, taste,
flavor, and viscosity were performed by fifty-five panelists on a 5-point score basis.
Antioxidant phenolic content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, while
soluble protein was using the Lowry method. The highest score and most likable color,
flavor, viscosity, and taste by panelists were formula P3B2, it was not different
significantly with P3B1, P2B1, P2B2, and P1B2 (p>0.05). The proportion of mung bean
juice-skim milk and LAB significantly affected the total phenolic and soluble protein
(P<0.05), meanwhile its interaction was also statistically significant (P<0.05). Using
effectivity index, the best Mungbe-Yo formula according to its total phenol and soluble
protein content, as well as sensory was P3B1 formula, which was 85% mung bean juice,
15% skim milk and 2% LAB, containing phenolics and soluble protein were
525.958±48.9 mg GAE/L and 43.179±1.87%, respectively. Mungbe-Yo is suitable for
individuals with obesity.
سياسة التعددية الثقافية وانعكاساتها في إقليم كوردستان
Authors: Ahmed Abdullah Jehan
Published: March 2021

التعددية الثقافية من المصطلحات التي تحمل العديد من المعاني ولكن في معظمها تشير اللى كل السياسات والنظريات والممارسات التي توفر الاعتراف والدعم للمجموعات الثقافية او الاقليات غير المهيمنة في الدولة وهي كسياسة وفلسفة ازداد الاهتمام بها وتطبيقها بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية ومن اوائل الدول التي طبقتها استراليا وكندا والآن هي مبدأ في كل الدول الديمقراطية وهي حاجة لأن المجتمع لم يبق منغلقا على نفسه بل ازداد التواصل بين الثقافات والمجتمعات بعد ثورة الاتصالات والمواصلات وتطورها، والتعددية الثقافية تحمل في طياتها حل النزاعات المتعلقة بالثقافات داخل المجتمع الواحد ومن هنا يبرز دورها في التأكيد على التماسك الاجتماعي داخل البلد الواحد، وع ذلك وجهت الى التعددية الثقافية العديد من الانتقادات منها انها تؤدي الى مطالبة المجموعات الثقافية بالانفصال، اضافة الى التكاليف الزائدة من الناحية الاقتصادية. في اقليم كوردستان نرى انه سنة بعد سنة يزداد الاهتمام بهذه السياسة وبتطبيقها على ارض الواقع وخاصة في المرحلة الحالية حبث تتمتع الاقليم بالفيدرالية التي تمنحها السلطة لاصدار القوانين الخاصة بالاقليم ، حيث يوجد العديد من النصوص التي تؤكد على اهمية حماية واحترام الثقافات الموجودة في الاقليم وخاصة في الجانب الديني واللغوي، وهذه السياسة ناجحة الى حد كبير ومع هذا فإنها تؤدي الى عدم وجود التماسك الاجتماعي والتواصل بين المكونات لانها تؤدي الى انقطاع التواصل لذا لابد من معالجة هذه المسالة من خلال تشجيع المكونات على التواصل مع بعضها في المناطق المتجاورة عن طريق اقامة المهرجانات الثقافية يتشارك فيها افراد المكونات المختلفة ودعم مبادرات التماسك الاجتماعي بين الثقافات التي يعلنها الشباب في الاقليم من اجل الوصول الى غاية السلام الايجابي.
أثر برنامج تعليمي في تنمية الذكاء ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻲ لدى طلبة جامعة دهوك
Authors: Jumaa Mohammed Chachan , Muhammad Sharaf Sardar
Published: March 2021

هدف البحث التعرف إلى مستوى الذكاء الاستراتيجي لدى طلبة جامعة دهوك ، والكشف عن دلالة الفرق في الذكاء الاستراتيجي تبعاً لمتغير الجندر (النوع الاجتماعي) ، وكذلك أثر استخدام برنامج تعليمي في تنمية الذكاء الاستراتيجي لديهم . ولتحقيق هذه الأهداف تم إعداد برنامج تعليمي لتنمية الذكاء الإستراتيجي . واعتمد البحث على مقياس للذكاء الإستراتيجي تم إعداده لأغراض البحث تكون من (55) فقرة ، وأمام كل فقرة خمسة بدائل للإجابة . وتكونت عينة البحث من (40) طالباً وطالبة تم اختيارهم من طلبة قسم التربية وعلم النفس في كلية التربية الأساسية، موزعين إلى مجموعتين إحداهما تجريبية والأخرى ضابطة ضمت كل منهما (20) طالباً وطالبة ، وتمت معالجة البيانات إحصائيا باستخدام الحقيبة الإحصائية للعلوم الإنسانية(SPSS). فأظهرت النتائج أن مستوى الذكاء الاستراتيجي لدى طلبة الجامعة منخفض ، وتبين أنه لا توجد فروق دالة بين الذكور و الإناث من طلبة الجامعة في الذكاء الاستراتيجي. وأشارت النتائج إلى وجود فرق دال بين المجموعتين التجريبية و الضابطة في الذكاء الاستراتيجي يعزى إلى أثر البرنامج التعليمي الذي تم تطبيقه على المجموعة التجريبية . وفي ضوء النتائج قدم الباحثان جملة توصيات ومقترحات.
وظيفة التغاير اللغوي للحركات في اللغة العربية
Authors: Abdelqader Hussein Abbas , Adnan Ahmed Azza
Published: March 2021

This study deals with the function of the three movements (Al-Fatha, Al- Kasra, and Al- Dhamma) in bringing about linguistic change in two areas of the Arabic language. The first one is in the heard voices where the movements play an important role in the Arabization of many foreign expressions that are foreign to the language by moving the inhabitant in it with a specific movement or changing a movement with another movement, which leads to the creation of a new language for these words that are completely different from their original language. The second: in the Arabic dialects, where the movements assume the function of a linguistic change between one dialect and another, when two or more words share the same shape, structure and arrangement of letters, their meaning is one in two dialects, the difference between them is only by movements, and this study comes within the framework of the lexical lesson. The research plan included an introduction and an introduction in which it dealt with the concepts of the terms of the study, namely (linguistic variation, Arabization, and local language), then the topic of the study is divided into two sub-topics: The first topic dealt with linguistic frequency in Arabized expressions. The second topic dealt with the linguistic variation in the Arabic dialects in addition to a conclusion that included the most important research results.
Mathematics Distance Learning amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UAE: High School Students’ Perspectives
Authors: Almarashdi Hanan , Jarrah Adeeb M.
Published: March 2021

In light of the COVID-19 pandemic that has resulted in several countries being locked down, there has been a paradigm shift in terms of learning worldwide. As a result, educational institutions in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have acted swiftly and shifted from face-to-face education to distance learning. Thus, this study investigated high school students’ perspectives on the distance learning of mathematics. The research employed a quantitative method using a developed and validated online survey. The convenience sampling consisted of 580 high school students in Al Ain. Descriptive statistical analysis of the mean and standard deviation of scores was used and then interpreted based on Gagné’s rating (1991). In general, the results showed that the students had an ambivalent view of their distance learning experience. Notably, students’ most negative perceptions were about missing the interaction with teachers and colleagues, and disapproving of the unfavourably long screen times. Furthermore, 78.3% of the participants showed no preference for choosing to study mathematics by distance learning in the future, given a choice. This study has extra relevance since the process of distance learning has become more prevalent in the UAE owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, it is imperative that educational institutions try to understand the complexity and embedded nature of distance learning, and the challenges encountered by students while they are studying mathematics in an online environment.
Designations of origin and geographical indications as an element of economic development: The Ecuador Case
Authors: Núñez Grijalva Jorge , Núñez Viera Daniela , Madrid Villacís Dayana
Published: March 2021

The denominations of origin and geographical indications, as distinctive signs, occupy a prominent place as an element of the impulse to the economic development of a given territory, since through them the development and marketing of high-quality products and differentiation, which in turn, allows reaching significant levels of commercial and tourist positioning for the place or region of its origin, as well as the generation of new sources of direct and indirect employment, increasing foreign exchange income from exports, the increase of State tax collection, among other socio-economic benefits. Thus, designations of origin and geographical indications are considered elements of economic development within the productive policy of a State. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to analyze the denominations of origin and geographical indications as a specialized category within the field of Trademark Law and Intellectual Property Law. It is relevant for a better understanding of how these concepts developed in Ecuadorian legislation. While for determining the options presented by the local legal framework promoting its development and use. Moreover, as those elements that the State should consider for taking advantage to promote national growth. Then the exegetical-critical method has been used, through is introduced a doctrinal and normative approach.
CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF DAILY RIVER FLOWS IN THE REGION
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Naumov V.A.
Published: March 2021

The Automated Information System for State Monitoring of Water Bodies provided an array of daily river flows in 12 sections of Kaliningrad Rivers for 2008-2018. The pair correlation coefficients between these flows were calculated. The coefficient values were quite high, with the exception of 2013 for the Mamonovka River. The most typical intra-annual distribution of runoff for the region was found in the Pregel River near the city of Chernyakhovsk by the highest average value of the correlation coefficient. It should be recommended as an analog for medium-sized rivers in the region. The most typical intra-annual distribution of small watercourses is observed in the Zlay River. The correlation coefficient dependence on the water content of the year was not confirmed.
Reparações e dívidas no Entreguerras: as dificuldades político-econômicas da Alemanha à luz das contribuições de Hjalmar Schacht
Authors: Sartório Sarah Gonçalves Patrocínio , Colombo Arthur , Favorato Diego
Published: March 2021

O artigo se propõe a explicitar os principais desdobramentos dos pagamentos das reparações da Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-1918) impostas à Alemanha. Neste, inicialmente é apresentado o teatro de operações da guerra: são mencionadas as perdas humanas e materiais, enfatizando estas em algumas das principais batalhas que compuseram este grande conflito, como as batalhas de Marne e Somme. Após, dado o fim da guerra, mostrar-se-á a nova reorganização territorial da Europa, com a desintegração de impérios e o surgimento de novos países. Ao final, discute-se sobre os reparos de guerra instituídas no Tratado de Paz de Versalhes (1919), de modo que as dificuldades econômicas enfrentadas pela Alemanha e pela França em específico, surgem como ponto central da discussão deste artigo.
Apresentação
Authors: Bianconi Renata , Saes Alexandre Macchione
Published: March 2021

Apresentação
Antimicrobial activities of biosynthesized silver nano particles from leaves extract of some medicinal plants
Authors: Samuel J. Offor  , Victor U. Anah  , Romanus Umoh  , Uduak P. Iseh  , Idara I. Ebong  , Herbert O.C. Mbagwu
Published: March 2021

The antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the leaves of four medicinal plants, Carica papaya (CP), Moringa oleifera (MO), Mangifera indica (MI) and Garcinia kola (GK) were assessed against selected gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. Method of synthesis of nanoparticles utilized was the eco-friendly Bio-based method using plant leaves extract as reducing and stabilizing agents. Two different ratios for each plant extract and silver nitrate (1:1 and 1:2) respectively were used. Particle characterization was carried out using visual inspection and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using agar diffusion method. Visual inspection revealed gradual color change from golden yellow to dark brown, confirming nanoparticles formation. The surface plasmon resonance peak was between 416 and 438 nm for the silver nanoparticles. The minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 3.125 - 12.5µg/ml. In conclusion, all four biogenic silver nanoparticles have reasonable antimicrobial activity with ratio 1:2 being more potent.
Current approaches to the use of artificial sweetener aspartame
Authors: Fatma Gönül Solmaz  , Emine Dıraman  , Birol Sezgin
Published: March 2021

With the recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce the sugar consumption of children and adults to less than 10% of the total energy intake, many people turned to sweeteners. Aspartame (E951), an artificial sweetener, is synthesized from L-phenylalanine or methyl ester of L-phenylalanine with L-aspartic acid. It is an amphoteric dipeptide composed of aspartic acid and phenylalanine. Apart from chemical peptide synthesis, aspartame can also be synthesized enzymatically commercially. 1 gr of it gives 4 Kcal energy. The taste perception of aspartame appears delayed and lasts a long time. Since it is not heat resistant during cooking, it can only be used as a sweetener in cold drinks and food, coffee, tea. Although there were some scientific objections after the introduction of aspartame to the market, animal and human experiments and investigations started to increase. In another study; Consumption of 40, 75, 500 mg/kg/day aspartame have increased oxidative stress parameters and has been reported to damage liver antioxidant capacity. Also, in some other studies in which negative effects on experimental animals were discussed, 250, 500, 1000 mg/kg/day aspartame consumption was found to significantly increase the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Besides, studies showing that aspartame does not have negative effects on health, 240 mg/kg/day aspartame consumption did not make a significant difference in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) value, and there was no significant difference between the groups in fasting blood glucose with 4% aspartame solution daily consumption. On the other hand, studies on aspartame toxicity also have conflicting results. Some studies using in vivo and in vitro tests have shown that aspartame does not cause genotoxicity, DNA damage, and mutagenesis, but does stimulate chromosome aberrations and micronucleus formation. Many studies have been done to show the safety of aspartame. The European Food Safety Authority stated in its 2013 re-evaluation that aspartame is safe for human consumption at current exposure levels. In a review evaluating the data obtained from aspartame studies, it is supported that aspartame is a safe sweetener when used within the recommended dose limits. For aspartame, this value (ADI) has been recommended as 40 mg/kg body weight/day. Considering its association with age, gender, personal metabolism, and metabolic diseases, it was concluded that the use of aspartame is safe, with the fact that it has some harmful effects depending on the exposure time and dose.
Adaptation of plants derived from cultivated yam of Dioscorea cayenensis–D. rotundata complex species seeds germination in two agroecological zones of Benin
Authors: Assaba Idossou Elie  , Yolou Mounirou  , Bello Saliou  , Babalakoun Adonis  , Tiama Djakaridja  , Zoundjihekpon Jeanne
Published: March 2021

Vegetative propagation of plants promotes the accumulation of viruses in plant material; this causes the loss of vigor and consequently the drop of vegetable yield. Keep up productivity level of vegetatively propagated plants; it is therefore important to regenerate genetic material by sexual reproduction to improve the biodiversity. The main objective of this study is to improve yam seeds by sexual way, specifically to assess the response of seedlings from yam seeds in two agroecological areas, area IV (Djougou), in Sudanese climate and area V (Bantè), in transition climate. Seedling were transplanted in this agroecological areas using a completely Randomized design with three replications. Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA at 5% level of significance and a mean comparison test. Seedling survival rate is significantly different, 55.41% in zone IV and 23.60% in zone V, but the rate of tuberization of the two areas is similar, 55.63%; of zone IV and 57.62%; of zone V. The average of the tubers length and their weight are respectively 13.21 cm and 24.87 ± 19.22 g in zone IV and 8.95 cm and 10.30 ± 9.91 g in zone V. This results show that microtubers produced from the seeds show a high degree of heterogeneity, and, varieties creation and improvement is possible from the seeds. This technique would promote the selection of varieties adapted to current climatic conditions.
FORMAÇÃO DO LEITOR LITERÁRIO NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA COM “O MUNDO ENCANTADO DAS FADAS”
Authors: Fleck Gilmei Francisco , Lopez Cristian Javier , Fant Carla Cristiane Saldanha
Published: March 2021

O gosto pela leitura não surge naturalmente em cada leitor, mas depende de como esse indivíduo vai sendo introduzido ao universo dos livros. Nessa configuração, a literatura infantil desempenha um papel importante de fornecer elementos que atraiam a atenção desse leitor. Assim, práticas que são iniciadas nos primeiros anos escolares podem contribuir para o acesso e o prazer proporcionado pela leitura. Por isso, propomo-nos a estabelecer reflexões sobre a formação do leitor literário nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental e apresentar uma metodologia que se efetiva por meio de “Oficinas literárias temáticas” que abordam “O mundo encantado das fadas”. Para alçar tais objetivos, ancoramo-nos em conceitos fundamentais que permeiam abordagens referentes à formação do leitor literário e o papel humanizador e transformador da literatura, como encontramos em Candido (1972; 2011), Magnani (1989), Coelho (2017), Jauss (1979), Stierle (1979), Mendoza Fillola (1994), entre outros.
PELATIHAN PIJAT BAYI KEPADA KADER POSYANDU DESA MABUNG KECAMATAN BARON KABUPATEN NGANJUK
Authors: Sari Dewi Kartika , Saidah Halimatus
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBaby massage is a relaxation technique that has been practiced for generations in Indonesia.The problem found in partners is the lack of knowledge of Posyandu activities about theimportance of baby massage and how to massage babies properly and correctly, while thePosyandu activities is an important person for the community because as one of the communitymobilizers in maternal and child health and family planning, therefore the cadre need to gettraining about baby massage. The objectives of this activity are to improve the quality of thebaby's health and increase Posyandu activities knowledge about baby massage. The methodthat will be carried out in this activity is the identification of Posyandu activities' knowledge ofinfant massage then training Posyandu activities on the importance of baby massage and theimplementation of baby massage properly and correctly with the number of participants is 23participants. Based on the results of the training, there was an increase in Posyandu activitiesknowledge about baby massage and Posyandu activities became aware of how to massagebabies properly. This is expected to be implemented in society so that the welfare of the babyincreases.Key word : Posyandu activities, baby, baby massageABSTRAKPijat bayi adalah sebuah teknik relaksasi yang telah turun temurun dipraktekkan diIndonesia. Permasalahan yang ditemukan pada mitra adalah masih rendahnya pengetahuankader tentang pentingnya pijat bayi serta cara memijat bayi dengan baik dan benar, sedangkankader merupakan orang yang penting bagi masyarakat karena sebagai salah satu penggerakmasyarakat dalam kesehatan ibu dan anak serta KB, maka dari dari itu kader perlumendapatkan pelatihan tentang pijat bayi. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari kegiatan ini adalahmeningkatkan kualitas kesehatan bayi dan meningkatkan pengetahuan kader tentang pijat bayi.Metode yang akan dilaksanakan pada kegiatan ini adalah identifikasi pengetahuan kadertentang pijat bayi kemudian melakukan pelatihan kepada kader tentang pentingnya pijat bayi.Berdasarkan hasil pelatihan, terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan kader tentang pijat bayi dankader menjadi mengerti tentang cara memijat bayi dengan baik dan benar.
El cosmos y la hechicería en la poesía caldea
Authors: Tamayo Vargas Augusto
Published: March 2021

Entre las altas riberas del Tigris y las márgenes suaves del Eufrates se extiende la llanura bautizada con el nombre de Mesopotamia, donde se cristaliza tal vez si el más antiguo conglomerado humano. Los estudios históricos contemporáneos han penetrado hondamente en las raíces de esa cultura y multitud de teorías se han originado, en el transcurrir del presente siglo, sobre su formación racial, sobre su organización primitiva, sobre el asentarse de las tribus turanias —mestizos procedentes del Altai—, los sumires—tostados, de perfil recio y características sensuales— y muchos otros derivados de la gran familia semítica, sobre el suelo de Mesopotamia.
El demonismo en el mito peruano
Authors: Mac-Lean y Estenós Roberto
Published: March 2021

Los habitantes del Perú antiguo, al igual que los demás pueblos primitivos, forjaron, en su evolución mítica, la concepción del demonio. Pero el demonio no fue un ángel rebelde como en las creencias hebraicas o en las tradiciones cristianas, ni tuvo el poder de los dioses. Tampoco dividieron nuestros aborígenes, como lo hicieron los persas, las divinidades en buenas y malas. La mitología peruana desconoció la implacable lucha entre el bien y el mal, Ormuz y Arimán, en la religión de Zoroastro. No hay dioses malos en el Perú antiguo.
Sociología mexicana: Lucío Mendieta y Núñez
Authors: Mac-Lean y Estenós Roberto
Published: March 2021

México, país cuyo temperamento colectivo tiene tantas afinidades con elnuestro , es en la actualidad uno de los núcleos más activos y eficientes en las investigaciones so­ciológicas de América.

Lucio Mendieta Núñez es uno de los pensadores más vigorosos de su país y uno de los valores más altos y más firmes de la cultura jurídica y del movimiento sociológico americano.
La filosofía y el problema moral
Authors: Barboza Enrique
Published: March 2021

No es lo único ni lo principal el problema del ser, considerado abstractamente, dentro del conjunto de temas que usualmene trata la filosofía. La filosofía se pregunta también, con intenso y renovado interés, qué es la existencia, cuál es la forma de ser que le es propia; cuál es la manera o maneras que adopta el ser real y determinado, cuyo tipo más completo se nos muestra en la existencia del hombre.
La literatura peruana precolombina
Authors: Beltroy Manuel
Published: March 2021

Monografía presentada «por el Doctor Manuel Beltroy a la Sección Antropologia del VIII Congreso Científico Americano de Washington, como miembro de la Delegación Oficial del Perú al referido Congreso.
Alrededor del amor y de la muerte en la poesía medioeval
Authors: Tamayo Vargas Augusto
Published: March 2021

Antes de entrar al tema mismo del amor y de la muerte dentro de la literatura de la Edad Media es preciso fijar, a grandes rasgos, las características culturales del Medioevo, motivo ya de midtiples y frondosos trabajos, pero que es necesario redondear en sistematizado plan de conocimiento. Extremos ataques e intencionadas defensas se han llevado a cabo alrededor de ese período de la historia, que constituye algo así como el alba del mundo europeo.
El Templo de Santiago o de nuestra Señora del Rosario de Pomata
Authors: Mariátegui Ricardo
Published: March 2021

Capítulo de la tesis presentada a la Facultad para optar el Grado do Doctor en Historia, por D. Ricardo Mariátegui Oliva.
Actualidad y trascendencia del Quijote
Authors: Góngora Perea César
Published: March 2021

Exhibe Cervantes una vida que se tiende entre dos siglos. Por un lado el siglo XVI, en que flotan calientes todavía, los valios del medioevo; en cuyos aires bordonean lánguidos arpegios las cuitas de Tristán e Isolda y de Lanzarote y Ginebra, y en cuyos ámbitos impregnados de incienso y de rezos, tremolan, en oleajes seguidos, las leyendas del Rey Arturo y de los Caballeros de la Tabla Redonda; siglo, en fin, sobre el que se proyectan, cayendo de las brumas de los tiempos idos ya, las sombras de los grandes silencios monacales y algo cual una melancólica quietud sin palabras: entrecruzado todo ello por las asombrosas noticias de los descubrimientos geográficos y de las grandes invenciones.
Democratic Legitimacy and Soft Law in the EU Legal Order: A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Petropoulou Ionescu Danai , Eliantonio Mariolina
Published: March 2021

The increased recourse to soft law by the European Union (EU) as a flexible solution to complex social and policy issues has raised several questions about the democratic legitimacy of decision-making at the EU level. With the aim to provide a normative direction for future empirical assessment of EU soft law, this article explores the democratic credentials that EU soft law measures should fulfil to ensure their legitimacy. Drawing from the intersections of liberal, republican and deliberative conceptions of democracy, this article proposes four democratic legitimacy standards for the evaluation of soft law measures in practice: parliamentary involvement, transparency, participatory quality and reviewability.
VR/AR-TECHNOLOGIES – NEW CONTENT OF THE NEW MEDIA
Authors:   Lviv University of Trade and Economics, Baluk Nadia , Basij Natalia , Buk Larysa , Vovchanska Olha
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the media content shaping and transformation in the convergent dimension of cross-media, taking into account the possibilities of augmented reality. With the help of the principles of objectivity, complexity and reliability in scientific research, a number of general scientific and special methods are used: method of analysis, synthesis, generalization, method of monitoring, observation, problem-thematic, typological and discursive methods. According to the form of information presentation, such types of media content as visual, audio, verbal and combined are defined and characterized. The most important in journalism is verbal content, it is the one that carries the main information load. The dynamic development of converged media leads to the dominance of image and video content; the likelihood of increasing the secondary content of the text increases. Given the market situation, the effective information product is a combined content that combines text with images, spreadsheets with video, animation with infographics, etc. Increasing number of new media are using applications and website platforms to interact with recipients. To proceed, the peculiarities of the new content of new media with the involvement of augmented reality are determined. Examples of successful interactive communication between recipients, the leading news agencies and commercial structures are provided. The conditions for effective use of VR / AR-technologies in the media content of new media, the involvement of viewers in changing stories with augmented reality are determined. The so-called immersive effect with the use of VR / AR-technologies involves complete immersion, immersion of the interested audience in the essence of the event being relayed. This interaction can be achieved through different types of VR video interactivity. One of the most important results of using VR content is the spatio-temporal and emotional immersion of viewers in the plot. The recipient turns from an external observer into an internal one; but his constant participation requires that the user preferences are taken into account. Factors such as satisfaction, positive reinforcement, empathy, and value influence the choice of VR / AR content by viewers.
CONCEPT OF SOLUTIONS JOURNALISM MODEL: CONNOTION, FUNCTIONS, FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Slotiuk Tetiana
Published: March 2021

The article examines the main features, general characteristics and essence of the concept of solutions journalism. The basic principles of functioning of this model of journalism in the western press and in Ukraine are given. The list and features of activity of the organizations, institutes and editorial offices supporting development of journalism of solutions journalism. The purpose of the publication is to describe the Solutions Journalism model: its features, characteristics and features of functioning, to find out the difference in the understanding of the concept of «solutions journalism» and «constructive journalism» in general. The task of the publication was to conceptualize the main trends in the development of solutions journalism in the Western and Ukrainian information space; show the main characteristics, formats of functioning and analyze the features of the concepts of «solutions journalism» and «constructive journalism». Applied research methods: at the stage of research of the history of formation of the concept of Solutions Journalism the historical method is used. The hermeneutic method of research helped in the interpretation of basic concepts, the phenomenological approach was applied in the context of considering the essence of the phenomenon of solutions journalism. At the stage of generalization of the features of the concepts of Solutions Journalism and «constructive journalism» a comparative method was used, which gave an understanding of the common components in their essence. The method of analysis allowed to expand the understanding of the purpose of Solutions Journalism as a type of social journalism and its main tasks. With the help of synthesis it was possible to comprehensively understand the concept of Solutions Journalism and understand its features. In Ukraine, this type of journalism is just emerging, but its introduction into the editorial policy of the media may have a national importance. These are regional and local media that can inform their communities about the positive solution of certain problems in other communities, and thus thanks to this model can save local journalism. In the scientific context, there is a need to outline the main differences in the understanding of the concepts of decision journalism and constructive journalism, to understand the socio-psychological need to create good news.
To Dream the Impossible Dream, To Read the Unreadable Script
Authors: Lammert Richard Allen
Published: March 2021

A preview of a book currently in press with ATLA Press, Tackling the Foreign-Language Backlog: Transcription and Romanization for theAccidental Foreign-Language Cataloger, together with the author's description of how book came to be written.
Study of microClimate Characteristic in Tamansari Yogyakarta as a Heritage Tourism Area
Authors: Octarino Christian Nindyaputra , Noviandri Patricia Pahlevi
Published: March 2021

Yogyakarta is known as a Tourism City because there is a lot of tourist destination that exists. One of the uniqueness of the city of Yogyakarta is the royal system that has been part of the government until this day. Tamansari Water Castle is a historic site used by the King and also the royal family for recreation. As one of the main destinations for tourists, it is important to note how the performance of the space formed in providing comfort for visitors. This study aims to determine how the microclimate characteristics in the Tamansari area, which have an impact on the thermal comfort felt by visitors. Observations are made to discover the elements forming the outdoor space such as the building mass layout and composition, the type of surface material, and also the type of vegetation that exists. This study uses simulation method with Envi-met software, using observational data as input. The simulation process will show how the microclimate conditions are formed in the Tamansari area, which includes air temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind movement. The results represent that the landscape design in Tamansari has considered the thermal comfort through surface material and vegetation they have.
The Effect of Healthcare Education on Future Doctors’ Moral Competence in Poland. Joining to the Competitive League with a Beneficial Delay?
Authors: Nowak Ewa , Barciszewska Anna-Maria , Lind Georg , Hemmerling Kay , Taradi Suncana Kukolja
Published: March 2021

In competitive education test scores and scientometric indicators are 'the alpha and omega'. This can be mis-educative for healthcare students’ moral competence. A pilot research study with n=114 Polish healthcare students was conducted to examine how their moral competence development was affected by learning environment with the focus on competition. Data were obtained with the standard Moral Competence Test. Results. The sample allowed the identification of a regress in moral competence during students’ pre-clinical curriculum, and then progress during their clinical curriculum. Also, a reverse gender gap effect concerning participants’ C-scores (C for moral competence) was observed, but no significant segmentation effect was noticed. Explanations. Scholarly literature usually suggests a decrease or stagnation of medical and healthcare students’ C-scores (particularly during their clinical curriculum) resulting from, e.g., competitive trends in higher education. Polish tertiary education only tries hard to increase its competitiveness and position in national and international rankings. This delay effect seems beneficial for the development of students’ moral competence against trends in moral competence education during medical education documented between 1983 and 2021, and additionally discussed in the following article.
DOM AND NON-CANONICAL WORD ORDER IN ROMANCE: THE CASE OF GALICIAN
Authors: Gravely Brian
Published: March 2021

In this article, I investigate the link between VSO-VOS orders and differential object marking (DOM) via novel data from Galician. I present an analysis that sheds light on what may be required for a language to license DOM via movement, a requirement once thought necessary for licensing DOM that has recently been discredited on the basis of an overwhelming amount of cross-linguistic data (cf. Kalin 2018). I also show evidence for the variation regarding featural specification of DPs that must be differentially marked, adding to the highly variable factors that contribute to the appearance of DOM on nominal objects in natural language. Focusing on full DP objects, I conclude that licensing DOM in Galician is predicated on both the level of animacy of postverbal nominals and object shift in VOS configurations.