bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity of Fecal Indicator Enterococci among Different Hosts: Importance to Water Contamination Source Tracking
Authors: Tamai Soichiro , Suzuki Yoshihiro
Published: December 2023

Enterococcus spp. are common bacteria present in the intestinal tracts of animals and are used as fecal indicators in aquatic environments. On the other hand, enterococci are also known as opportunistic pathogens. Elucidating their composition in the intestinal tracts of domestic animals can assist in estimating the sources of fecal contamination in aquatic environments. However, information on the species and composition of enterococci in animal hosts (except humans) is still lacking. In this study, enterococci were isolated from the feces of cattle, pigs, birds, and humans using selective media. Enterococcal species were identified using mass spectrometry technology, and each host was characterized by diversity and cluster analysis. The most dominant species were E. hirae in cattle, E. faecium in birds, and E. faecalis in pigs and humans. Cattle had the highest alpha diversity, with high interindividual and livestock farm diversity. The dominant enterococcal species in pigs and humans were identical, and cluster analysis showed that the majority of the two hosts’ species clustered together.
A Strategy for Tuning Electron–Phonon Coupling and Carrier Cooling in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Shi Huafeng , Zhang Xiaoli , Li Ruxue , Zhang Xinhai
Published: December 2023

Perovskites have been recognized as a class of promising materials for optoelectronic devices. We intentionally include excessive Cs+ cations in precursors in the synthesis of perovskite CsPbBr3 nanocrystals and investigate how the Cs+ cations influence the lattice strain in these perovskite nanocrystals. Upon light illumination, the lattice strain due to the addition of alkali metal Cs+ cations can be compensated by light–induced lattice expansion. When the Cs+ cation in precursors is about 10% excessive, the electron–phonon coupling strength can be reduced by about 70%, and the carrier cooling can be slowed down about 3.5 times in lead halide perovskite CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. This work reveals a new understanding of the role of Cs+ cations, which take the A–site in ABX3 perovskite and provide a new way to improve the performance of perovskites and their practical devices further.
Nanochitin/MXene Composite Coated on Quartz Crystal Microbalance for Humidity Sensing
Authors: Li Yanqi , Huang Xianhe , Chen Qiao , Yao Yao , Pan Wei
Published: December 2023

MXenes, as a typical graphene-like material, excels in the realm of humidity sensing owing to its two-dimensional layer structure, high electrical conductivity, tunable chemical properties, hydrophilicity, and large specific surface area. This study proposed a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) humidity sensor using a nanochitin/Ti3C2Tx MXene composite as a humidity-sensing material. The morphology, nanostructure, and elemental composition of nanochitin, Ti3C2Tx MXene, and nanochitin/Ti3C2Tx MXene composite materials were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Compared to the pure Ti3C2Tx MXene-coated QCM humidity sensor, the nanochitin/Ti3C2Tx MXene-coated QCM humidity sensor exhibited a higher sensitivity (20.54 Hz/%RH) in the humidity range of 11.3% to 97.3%. The nanochitin/Ti3C2Tx Mxene-coated QCM humidity sensor also demonstrated low humidity hysteresis (2.12%RH), very fast response/recovery times (4.4/4.1 s), a high quality factor (37 k), and excellent repeatability and sustained stability over time. Eventually, a bimodal exponential kinetics adsorption model was utilized for the analysis of the response mechanism of the nanochitin/Ti3C2Tx MXene composite material-based QCM humidity sensor. This study provides new ideas for optimizing the moisture-sensitive performance of MXene-based QCM humidity sensors.
A Close Association between Body Weight, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Risk Behaviors in a Sample of Italian High School Students
Authors: Lazzeri Maria Francesca Lodovica , Mastorci Francesca , Piaggi Paolo , Doveri Cristina , Marinaro Irene , Trivellini Gabriele , Casu Anselmo , Devine Caleb , Ait-Ali Lamia , Vassalle Cristina , Pingitore Alessandro
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Adolescents experience rapid physical, cognitive, and psychosocial growth with different factors contributing to health and well-being. In this view, an important role is played by body weight and related perceptions. The purpose was to determine, in a sample of Italian high school students, whether health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is associated with the different weight status categories (underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese), even considering sex differences. Material and methods: Data were collected from 1826 adolescents (n = 735 males). HRQOL was analyzed using the Italian version of KIDSCREEN-52. Results: Overweight adolescents showed reductions in psychological well-being (p < 0.05) and self-perception (p < 0.05) compared with individuals in other BMI categories. Subjects with obesity reported increased bullying victimization (p < 0.05) and reductions in self-perception and eating disorders (p < 0.001), while underweight individuals were characterized by altered adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p < 0.001), eating disorders (p < 0.001), and problematic use of social media (p < 0.05). No sex differences were found, except for socio-economic status perceptions, where underweight girls reported higher economic well-being than boys (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings may suggest that there is an association between weight status categories and HRQoL that is more pronounced in underweight and overweight adolescents. The association between BMI categories and psychosocial dimensions opens the need to define specific domains on which such preventive interventions should focus, always through a personalized perspective.
Quorum Quenching with a Diffusible Signal Factor Analog in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Authors: Guillén-Navarro Dafne , González-Vázquez Rosa , León-Ávila Gloria , Giono-Cerezo Silvia
Published: December 2023

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacillus associated with nosocomial infections in intensive care units, and nowadays, its acquired resistance to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (SXT) by sul genes within class 1 integrons is a worldwide health problem. Biofilm and motility are two of the major virulence factors in this bacterium and are auto-induced by the diffusible signal factor (DSF). In recent studies, retinoids have been used to inhibit (Quorum Quenching) these virulence factors and for their antimicrobial effect. The aim was to reduce biofilm formation and motility with retinoic acid (RA) in S. maltophilia SXT-resistant strains. Eleven SXT-resistant strains and two SXT-susceptible strains were tested for biofilm formation/reduction and planktonic/sessile cell viability with RA and SXT-MIC50/RA; motility (twitching, swimming, swarming) was measured with/without RA; and MLST typing was determined. The biofilm formation of the strains was classified as follows: 15.38% (2/13) as low, 61.54% (8/13) as moderate, and 23.08% (3/13) as high. It was significantly reduced with RA and SXT-MIC50/RA (p < 0.05); cell viability was not significantly reduced with RA (p > 0.05), but it was with SXT-MIC50/RA (p < 0.05); and swimming (p < 0.05) and swarming (p < 0.05) decreased significantly. MLST typing showed the first and novel strains of Mexican S. maltophilia registered in PubMLST (ST479-485, ST497, ST23, ST122, ST175, ST212, and ST300). In conclusion, RA reduced biofilm formation and motility without affecting cell viability; furthermore, antimicrobial synergism with SXT-MIC50/RA in different and novel STs of S. maltophilia was observed.
Pathogenic Biofilm Removal Potential of Wild-Type Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Strains
Authors: Mitropoulou Gregoria , Kompoura Vasiliki , Nelios Grigorios , Kourkoutas Yiannis
Published: December 2023

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance remains one of the greatest public health concerns. Biofilm formation has been postulated as a mechanism of microbial pathogens to resist antimicrobial agents. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and their metabolites have been proposed to combat bacterial biofilms due to their antimicrobial activity. In this vein, the aim of the present study was to investigate the biofilm removal potential of cell-free supernatants (CFSs) of five wild-type Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strains, isolated from Greek natural products, in comparison to the commercially available L. rhamnosus GG strain, against biofilms formed by common foodborne pathogens (Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus). The biofilm removal activity of LAB was assessed on a two-day-old mature biofilm using a microtiter plate-based procedure. Both non-neutralized and neutralized CFSs removed biofilms in a concentration-dependent manner. The biofilm removal activity of the non-neutralized CFSs was significantly higher compared to the neutralized CFSs, as expected, with ranges of 60–89% and 30–80%, respectively. The biofilm removal efficiency of L. rhamnosus OLXAL-3 was significantly higher among the wild-type L. rhamnosus strains tested (20–100% v/v). In conclusion, our results suggest the great potential of the application of wild-type L. rhamnosus strain’ CFSs as effective natural agents against pathogenic bacterial biofilms.
HPLC-DAD Analysis and Investigation of Biological Properties of the Leaves of Globularia alypum (L.), Infusion Extract
Authors: Nouir Sahar , Laouani Aicha , Loghmari Ahmed , Bouassida Khaireddine , Slim Raoudha , Bouhajeb Rim , Hasni Yosra , Saguem Khaled , Ouni Bouraoui , Zaïri Amira
Published: December 2023

Globularia alypum L. (GA) belonging to the Globulariaceae family is a Mediterranean plant which is widely used in traditional Tunisian medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-arthritic, antiproliferative, antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of aqueous GA leaf extracts (AGAL). Quantitative analyses of the different constituents of extracts were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). Spectrophotometric methods and chemical tests were used for antioxidant and anti-arthritic activities. The antiproliferative study was evaluated using colorectal cancer SW620 cells, while the antibacterial assessment and analysis of the antibiofilm effects were determined by the microdilution method and the crystal violet assay, respectively. AGAL extracts presented several components, mainly Nepetin-7-Glucoside and trans-ferrulic acid. The results showed that they had an important antioxidant (IC50 = 0.34; 0.38 and 1.20 mg/mL) and anti-arthritic (IC50 = 2.94 mg/mL) properties, and these effects are displayed in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, this extract demonstrated significant antiproliferative (IC50 = 50 µg/mL), antibacterial (MIC = 6.25 mg/mL and MBC = 6.25 mg/mL), and antibiofilm (59.70% at 25 mg/mL) properties especially against S. aureus. The results achieved confirm the important role of this plant as a source of therapeutic activities.
Biological Activity of Fermented Plant Extracts for Potential Dermal Applications
Authors: Herman Anna , Herman Andrzej Przemysław
Published: December 2023

Fermented plant extracts (FPEs) are functional liquids formed as a result of the fermentation of fresh plants by microorganisms, mainly bacteria and fungi. The appropriate selection of plants, microorganism strains, and conditions under which the fermentation process is carried out is very important in terms of obtaining a suitable matrix of biologically active compounds with different biological properties. The purpose of this review is to provide verified data on the current knowledge acquired regarding the biological activity of FPEs for cosmetic use and dermal applications. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-melanogenic, and wound-healing activity of FPEs, as well as their potential dermal applications, will be described.
A Photoactive Supramolecular Complex Targeting PD-L1 Reveals a Weak Correlation between Photoactivation Efficiency and Receptor Expression Levels in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Tumor Models
Authors: Delcanale Pietro , Alampi Manuela Maria , Mussini Andrea , Fumarola Claudia , Galetti Maricla , Petronini Pier Giorgio , Viappiani Cristiano , Bruno Stefano , Abbruzzetti Stefania
Published: December 2023

Photo-immunotherapy uses antibodies conjugated to photosensitizers to produce nanostructured constructs endowed with targeting properties and photo-inactivation capabilities towards tumor cells. The superficial receptor density on cancer cells is considered a determining factor for the efficacy of the photodynamic treatment. In this work, we propose the use of a photoactive conjugate that consists of the clinical grade PD-L1-binding monoclonal antibody Atezolizumab, covalently linked to either the well-known photosensitizer eosin or the fluorescent probe Alexa647. Using single-molecule localization microscopy (direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, dSTORM), and an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody labelled with Alexa647, we quantified the density of PD-L1 receptors exposed on the cell surface in two human non-small-cell lung cancer lines (H322 and A549) expressing PD-L1 to a different level. We then investigated if this value correlates with the effectiveness of the photodynamic treatment. The photodynamic treatment of H322 and A549 with the photo-immunoconjugate demonstrated its potential for PDT treatments, but the efficacy did not correlate with the PD-L1 expression levels. Our results provide additional evidence that receptor density does not determine a priori the level of photo-induced cell death.
Effects of Humic Substances and Mycorrhizal Fungi on Drought-Stressed Cactus: Focus on Growth, Physiology, and Biochemistry
Authors: Lahbouki Soufiane , Fernando Ana Luísa , Rodrigues Carolina , Ben-Laouane Raja , Ait-El-Mokhtar Mohamed , Outzourhit Abdelkader , Meddich Abdelilah
Published: December 2023

Utilizing water resources rationally has become critical due to the expected increase in water scarcity. Cacti are capable of surviving with minimal water requirements and in poor soils. Despite being highly drought-resistant, cacti still faces limitations in realizing its full potential under drought-stress conditions. To this end, we investigated the interactive effect of humic substances (Hs) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on cactus plants under drought stress. In the study, a cactus pot experiment had three irrigation levels (W1: no irrigation, W2: 15% of field capacity, and W3: 30% of field capacity) and two biostimulants (Hs soil amendment and AMF inoculation), applied alone or combined. The findings show that the W1 and W2 regimes affected cactus performance. However, Hs and/or AMF significantly improved growth. Our results revealed that drought increased the generation of reactive oxygen species. However, Hs and/or AMF application improved nutrient uptake and increased anthocyanin content and free amino acids. Furthermore, the soil’s organic matter, phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium contents were improved by the application of these biostimulants. Altogether, using Hs alone or in combination with AMF can be an effective and sustainable approach to enhance the tolerance of cactus plants to drought conditions, while also improving the soil quality.
Plants under Siege: Investigating the Relevance of ‘Ca. P. solani’ Cixiid Vectors through a Multi-Test Study
Authors: Kosovac Andrea , Rekanović Emil , Ćurčić Živko , Stepanović Jelena , Duduk Bojan
Published: December 2023

Crop losses caused by the plant pathogenic bacterium ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (CaPsol) underscore the need to better understand its perplexing epidemiological pathways. Hyalesthes obsoletus (Hemiptera, Cixiidae) is a prominent CaPsol vector with three plant associations in Serbia (ex Urtica dioica/HobsUd; ex Convolvulus arvensis/HobsCa; ex Crepis foetida/HobsCf). Another cixiid planthopper, Reptalus quinquecostatus (Dufour), has been recently confirmed as a noteworthy CaPsol vector. A multi-test study assessed the relevance of H. obsoletus associations and R. quinquecostatus populations from Crataegus monogyna and Prunus spinosa in CaPsol occurrence in sugar beet, maize, and tobacco. Molecular typing of the CaPsol strains transmitted to test plants in experimental trials provided the first evidence of HobsUd transmitting CaPsol tuf-a type to sugar beet, HobsCa infecting maize and tobacco with tuf-b type, and HobsCf transmitting CaPsol tuf-b to maize. Affiliation of R. quinquecostatus with the specific CaPsol genotype, dSTOLg, was reaffirmed in this study. The possible involvement of R. quinquecostatus in maize redness disease and tobacco stolbur was suggested, given that this cixiid was identified as a vector of CaPsol to these crops. The obtained results indicate that the tested vectors pose a threat to cultivated plants in Serbia, underscoring the need to recognize their relevance in CaPsol disease occurrences.
Photocurable Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Nanocomposite for the 3D Printing of Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensors
Authors: Li Jia-Wun , Chen Ho-Fu , Huang Peng-Han , Kuo Chung-Feng Jeffrey , Cheng Chih-Chia , Chiu Chih-Wei
Published: December 2023

A photocurable resin/carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposite was fabricated from aligned CNTs in an acrylic matrix. The conductivity of the nanocomposite increased rapidly and then stabilized when the CNT content was increased up to and beyond the percolation threshold. Various structures were created using a digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer. Various polymeric dispersants (SMA-amide) were designed and synthesized to improve the CNT dispersion and prevent aggregation. The benzene rings and lone electron pairs on the dispersant interacted with aromatic groups on the CNTs, causing the former to wrap around the latter. This created steric hindrance, thereby stabilizing and dispersing the CNTs in the solvent. CNT/polymer nanocomposites were created by combining the dispersant, CNTs, and a photocurable resin. The CNT content of the nanocomposite and the 3D printing parameters were tuned to optimize the conductivity and printing quality. A touch-based human interface device (HID) that utilizes the intrinsic conductivity of the nanocomposite and reliably detects touch signals was fabricated, enabling the free design of sensors of various styles and shapes using a low-cost 3D printer. The production of sensors without complex circuitry was achieved, enabling novel innovations.
The Association of Serum Calprotectin with Fitness Indicators and Biochemical Markers in High-Level Athletes: A Continuous Dynamic Monitoring during One Competitive Season
Authors: Bukvić Frane , Ivković Alan , Čičak Helena , Dukić Lora , Šimundić Ana-Maria , Marijančević Domagoj , Pašalić Daria
Published: December 2023

The objective was to determine the associations between several biochemical indicators and the dynamics of concentration change across four physical fitness phases over the period of a competitive season. Furthermore, associations between serum calprotectin and biomarkers of inflammation or muscle injury and physical indicators were examined. Subjects and methods: Twenty professional male water polo players (median age: 28 (22–42)) were included in this study. Serum creatine kinase activity was determined by the automated photometric UV method. The concentrations of calprotectin, C-reactive protein, and myoglobin were measured using an automated immunoturbidimetric method, while an automated immunochemistry method was employed for interleukin-6, troponin I, and cortisol determination. Tests of repeated strength, maximal strength, and static strength were used to evaluate physical activity. Results: Serum calprotectin concentrations expressed in median and IQR were significantly different: T1: 2.92 g/mL (2.47; 3.86); T2: 2.35 g/mL (1.26; 2.87); T3: 2.27 g/mL (1.60; 3.27); and T4: 1.47 g/mL (1.04; 2.85) (p = 0.004). Cortisol concentration and CK activity showed significant changes among phases (p = 0.049 and p = 0.014, respectively). Each physical activity examined showed a significant seasonal decrease (all p values were 0.001). Calprotectin serum concentration and indicators of muscular injury, inflammation, and physical activity were found to be correlated during particular stages of the seasonal examination. Conclusions: Calprotectin values determined throughout one competitive season decreased as training intensity among water polo players increased. Serum calprotectin concentrations and indicators were related to biochemical markers of inflammation and muscle damage.
Frugal or Sustainable? The Interplay of Consumers’ Personality Traits and Self-Regulated Minds in Recycling Behavior
Authors: Song Christina Soyoung , Lee Ji Young , Mutha Renissa , Kim Mijin
Published: December 2023

Through the lens of self-regulation theory (SRT), this study investigates the following: (1) the ways in which consumers’ personality traits of conscientiousness, openness, and agreeableness increase their self-regulated mindsets of frugality and green efficacy; (2) whether frugality facilitates green efficacy; and (3) whether frugality and green efficacy ultimately affect recycling behavior. This study proposes modeling the duality of the self-regulated mindsets of frugality and green efficacy as the reason why consumers engage in recycling behavior. This study conducted an online survey among U.S. consumers that garnered 400 responses for the empirical data analysis. The results reveal that frugality is positively influenced by conscientiousness and openness, whereas green efficacy is facilitated by agreeableness but not by openness. Notably, frugality contributes to green efficacy, which indicates the causal duality of the self-regulated mindset as a motive in recycling behavior. Both frugality and green efficacy predict greater recycling behavior. The findings provide theoretical and practical implications for consumers’ recycling behavior and the development of effective public promotion strategies for the disposal of waste and recycling.
Medical Tourism in the Region of Crete, Greece: Perspectives from Healthcare Providers, Hotel Managers, and Medical Tourists
Authors: Batakis Dimitrios , Sidiropoulos Symeon , Emmanouil-Kalos Alkinoos , Fouskas Theodoros , Zopounidis Constantin , Vozikis Athanassios
Published: December 2023

Medical tourism is a rapidly growing sector, and could become a major driver of tourism in Greece. This research examines the status quo and the potential of medical tourism on the island of Crete, Greece. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to February 2022, with the administration of questionnaires. The study involved the participation of 97 hotel managers from four- and five-star hotels, 515 doctors representing various specialties, and 890 medical tourists. Hotel managers overwhelmingly (90+%) believe that medical tourism can significantly contribute to the domestic economy, as well as that the domestic market is ready for the provision of medical tourism services on a larger scale, while more than 70% of the tourists asked would be interested in travelling to Greece to receive medical treatment. IVF, eye surgery, and dental services are the ones that would interest tourists the most, which are also aligned with the services commonly provided by the doctors questioned. Thus, according to the perspectives of doctors, hotel managers, and tourists, medical tourism has the capacity to grow significantly and contribute to the development of the Greek economy. The government should assume a supportive role, facilitating medical tourism processes by addressing the administrative, financial, and promotional aspects.
The Well-Being-Related Living Conditions of Elderly People in the European Union—Selected Aspects
Authors: Bieszk-Stolorz Beata , Dmytrów Krzysztof
Published: December 2023

One of the main demographic problems is the ageing of populations, especially in European countries. However, this process is not taking place equally in all countries and has a different impact on their socio-economic development. The aim of this research is to assess and compare the well-being-related living conditions of elderly people in European Union countries. We carried out the analysis for the years 2015 and 2020 on the basis of Eurostat data. We assessed the well-being-related living conditions of older people by applying the multidimensional scaling technique. On its basis, we constructed rankings of the EU countries in the two analysed years. In addition, by using the k-means method, we clustered the countries. The disparity between the well-being-related living conditions of elderly people in Western European countries and the post-communist ones has not declined. Six of the nine analysed indicators improved over the five years between 2015 and 2020, while three (the proportion of elderly people at risk of poverty, the disparity between the incomes of the richest and poorest groups of elderly people, and the proportion of elderly people in the total population) worsened. Socio-economic policies should therefore address these indicators to the greatest extent possible.
Quantitative Analysis of Household Food Waste Collection in Warsaw: Assessing Efficiency and Waste Minimization
Authors: Manczarski Piotr , Rolewicz-Kalińska Anna , Lelicińska-Serafin Krystyna
Published: December 2023

Food waste management is one of the key challenges of the circular economy and climate transition policies. The proper collection of food waste is the starting point for its further value recovery. Most of the quantitative and qualitative data used to measure the scale of food waste in households and its collection are based on statistical data, diaries, and questionnaires. There is a visible gap in research in terms of the use of direct research methods. This paper presents the results of a quantitative research study on household food waste accumulation and collection in Warsaw from two sources: single-family and multi-family households. The results of the study indicate that in Warsaw households, one can expect generation at the level of 33.4 kg·capita−1·year−1 of avoidable food waste and 38.2 kg·capita−1·year−1 of unavoidable food waste. The average food waste collection rate from households in Warsaw was determined to be at a level of 19.6 kg·capita−1·year−1. In multi-family buildings, which are dominant in Warsaw, this rate is half as pronounced (17.3 kg·capita−1·year−1) compared to single-family buildings (36.2 kg·capita−1·year−1). The average food waste collection efficiency rate from Warsaw households was at a level of 32%. Avoidable food waste accounted for 47% of all food waste generated. The study indicates a growing need to develop policy tools to support the separate collection and prevention of food waste.
Flexible Offloading and Task Scheduling for IoT Applications in Dynamic Multi-Access Edge Computing Environments
Authors: Sun Yang , Bian Yuwei , Li Huixin , Tan Fangqing , Liu Lihan
Published: December 2023

Nowadays, multi-access edge computing (MEC) has been widely recognized as a promising technology that can support a wide range of new applications for the Internet of Things (IoT). In dynamic MEC networks, the heterogeneous computation capacities of the edge servers and the diversified requirements of the IoT applications are both asymmetric, where and when to offload and schedule the time-dependent tasks of IoT applications remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose a flexible offloading and task scheduling scheme (FLOATS) to adaptively optimize the computation of offloading decisions and scheduling priority sequences for time-dependent tasks in dynamic networks. We model the dynamic optimization problem as a multi-objective combinatorial optimization problem in an infinite time horizon, which is intractable to solve. To address this, a rolling-horizon-based optimization mechanism is designed to decompose the dynamic optimization problem into a series of static sub-problems. A genetic algorithm (GA)-based computation offloading and task scheduling algorithm is proposed for each static sub-problem. This algorithm encodes feasible solutions into two-layer chromosomes, and the optimal solution can be obtained through chromosome selection, crossover and mutation operations. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce network costs in comparison to other reference schemes.
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Indoor Household Dust in Urban and Rural Areas of Chiang Mai and Lamphun Provinces, Thailand
Authors: Somsunun Kawinwut , Prapamontol Tippawan , Kuanpan Todsabhorn , Santijitpakdee Teetawat , Kohsuwan Kanyapak , Jeytawan Natwasan , Thongjan Nathaporn
Published: December 2023

Indoor exposure to heavy metals poses human health risks worldwide, but study reports from Thailand are still limited, particularly in rural and urban areas. We measured the heavy metals in a hundred indoor household dust samples collected from urban and rural areas in Chiang Mai and Lamphun provinces and found a significantly higher concentration of As in rural areas and Cd in urban areas with industrial activities. The source identification of the heavy metals showed significant enrichment from traffic emissions, paint, smoking, and mixed sources with natural soil. From health risk assessment models, children were more vulnerable to noncarcinogenic risks (HI = 1.45), primarily via ingestion (HQ = 1.39). Lifetime cancer risks (LCRs) due to heavy metal exposure were found in adults (LCR = 5.31 × 10−4) and children (LCR = 9.05 × 10−4). The cancer risks from As were higher in rural areas via ingestion, while Cr and Ni were higher in urban areas via inhalation and ingestion, respectively. This study estimated that approximately 5 out of 10,000 adults and 9 out of 10,000 children among the population may develop cancer in their lifetime from exposure to indoor heavy metals in this region.
Reduction of Outdoor and Indoor PM2.5 Source Contributions via Portable Air Filtration Systems in a Senior Residential Facility in Detroit, Michigan
Authors: Klaver Zachary M. , Crane Ryan C. , Ziemba Rosemary A. , Bard Robert L. , Adar Sara D. , Brook Robert D. , Morishita Masako
Published: December 2023

Background: The Reducing Air Pollution in Detroit Intervention Study (RAPIDS) was designed to evaluate cardiovascular health benefits and personal fine particulate matter (particulate matter < 2.5 μm in diameter, PM2.5) exposure reductions via portable air filtration units (PAFs) among older adults in Detroit, Michigan. This double-blind randomized crossover intervention study has shown that, compared to sham, air filtration for 3 days decreased 3-day average brachial systolic blood pressure by 3.2 mmHg. The results also showed that commercially available HEPA-type and true HEPA PAFs mitigated median indoor PM2.5 concentrations by 58% and 65%, respectively. However, to our knowledge, no health intervention study in which a significant positive health effect was observed has also evaluated how outdoor and indoor PM2.5 sources impacted the subjects. With that in mind, detailed characterization of outdoor and indoor PM2.5 samples collected during this study and a source apportionment analysis of those samples using a positive matrix factorization model were completed. The aims of this most recent work were to characterize the indoor and outdoor sources of the PM2.5 this community was exposed to and to assess how effectively commercially available HEPA-type and true HEPA PAFs were able to reduce indoor and outdoor PM2.5 source contributions. Methods: Approximately 24 h daily indoor and outdoor PM2.5 samples were collected on Teflon and Quartz filters from the apartments of 40 study subjects during each 3-day intervention period. These filters were analyzed for mass, carbon, and trace elements. Environmental Protection Agency Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) 5.0 was utilized to determine major emission sources that contributed to the outdoor and indoor PM2.5 levels during this study. Results: The major sources of outdoor PM2.5 were secondary aerosols (28%), traffic/urban dust (24%), iron/steel industries (15%), sewage/municipal incineration (10%), and oil combustion/refinery (6%). The major sources of indoor PM2.5 were organic compounds (45%), traffic + sewage/municipal incineration (14%), secondary aerosols (13%), smoking (7%), and urban dust (2%). Infiltration of outdoor PM2.5 for sham, HEPA-type, and true HEPA air filtration was 79 ± 24%, 61 ± 32%, and 51 ± 34%, respectively. Conclusions: The results from our study showed that intervention with PAFs was able to significantly decrease indoor PM2.5 derived from outdoor and indoor PM2.5 sources. The PAFs were also able to significantly reduce the infiltration of outdoor PM2.5. The results of this study provide insights into what types of major PM2.5 sources this community is exposed to and what degree of air quality and systolic blood pressure improvements are possible through the use of commercially available PAFs in a real-world setting.
The Role of α3β1 Integrin Modulation on Fabry Disease Podocyte Injury and Kidney Impairment
Authors: Bosquetti Bruna , Santana Aline Aparecida , Gregório Paulo Cézar , Cunha Regiane Stafim da , Miniskiskosky Guilherme , Budag Julia , Franco Célia Regina Cavichiolo , Ramos Edneia Amancio de Souza , Barreto Fellype Carvalho , Stinghen Andréa Emilia Marques
Published: December 2023

Podocyte dysfunction plays a crucial role in renal injury and is identified as a key contributor to proteinuria in Fabry disease (FD), primarily impacting glomerular filtration function (GFF). The α3β1 integrins are important for podocyte adhesion to the glomerular basement membrane, and disturbances in these integrins can lead to podocyte injury. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effects of chloroquine (CQ) on podocytes, as this drug can be used to obtain an in vitro condition analogous to the FD. Murine podocytes were employed in our experiments. The results revealed a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability. CQ at a sub-lethal concentration (1.0 µg/mL) induced lysosomal accumulation significantly (p < 0.0001). Morphological changes were evident through scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence, highlighting alterations in F-actin and nucleus morphology. No significant changes were observed in the gene expression of α3β1 integrins via RT-qPCR. Protein expression of α3 integrin was evaluated with Western Blotting and immunofluorescence, demonstrating its lower detection in podocytes exposed to CQ. Our findings propose a novel in vitro model for exploring secondary Fabry nephropathy, indicating a modulation of α3β1 integrin and morphological alterations in podocytes under the influence of CQ.
Urgent Hospitalizations Related to Viral Respiratory Disease in Children during Autumn and Winter Seasons 2022/2023
Authors: Peri Francesca , Lorenzon Beatrice , Cason Carolina , Amaddeo Alessandro , Norbedo Stefania , Comar Manola , Barbi Egidio , Cozzi Giorgio
Published: December 2023

Aim: The loosening of social distancing measures over the past two years has led to a resurgence of seasonal epidemics associated with respiratory viral infections in children. We aim to describe the impact of such infections through urgent hospitalizations in a pediatric emergency department. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of medical records of all children and adolescents with a positive nasal swab admitted at the children’s hospital IRCCS Burlo Garofolo of Trieste, in Italy, from September 2021 to March 2022, and September 2022 to March 2023. Results: Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Influenza viruses accounted for up to 55% of hospitalizations for respiratory infections during the study periods. During the last season, the number of hospitalizations related to the Influenza virus was five times higher than those related to SARS-CoV-2 (25% vs. 5%). Respiratory Syncytial Virus was associated with a greater need for respiratory support, mostly HFNC (High Flow Nasal Cannula). Conclusions: Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Influenza virus had a more significant impact on urgent hospitalizations during the past wintery seasons than SARS-CoV-2.
Oral Immunization with Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Expressing Viral Capsid Protein 2 of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Induces Unique Specific Antibodies and Protective Immunity
Authors: Li Huliang , Hua Deping , Qu Qingxia , Cao Hongwei , Feng Zhehan , Liu Na , Huang Jinhai , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2023

Infectious bursal disease (IBD), as a highly infectious immunosuppressive disease, causes severe economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an appealing vehicle used in oral vaccine formulations to safely and effectively deliver heterologous antigens. It can elicit systemic and mucosal responses. This study aims to explore the potential as oral an vaccine for S. cerevisiae expressing the capsid protein VP2 of IBDV. We constructed the recombinant S. cerevisiae, demonstrated that VP2 was displayed on the cell surface and had high immunoreactivity. By using the live ST1814G/Aga2-VP2 strain to immunize the mice, the results showed that recombinant S. cerevisiae significantly increased specific IgG and sIgA antibody titers, indicating the potential efficacy of vaccine-induced protection. These results suggested that the VP2 protein-expressing recombinant S. cerevisiae strain was a promising candidate oral subunit vaccine to prevent IBDV infection.
Knowledge of HPV and HPV Vaccination among Polish Students from Medical and Non-Medical Universities
Authors: Pruski Dominik , Millert-Kalińska Sonja , Haraj Jan , Dachowska Sandra , Jach Robert , Żurawski Jakub , Przybylski Marcin
Published: December 2023

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection that can cause both benign and malignant lesions. HPV vaccines, preferably administered before the onset of sexual activity, have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in preventing HPV-related cancers. The impact of a healthcare provider’s recommendation on HPV vaccine acceptance is substantial. Therefore, medical students must undergo thorough training in this domain. This study compares fundamental understanding and viewpoints regarding HPV and anti-HPV vaccines among Polish students pursuing medical and non-medical sciences. This study was based on the authors’ questionnaire, and the results were statistically analyzed. The participants in this study were 1025 students (medical sciences students—520 respondents in total; and non-medical sciences students—505 respondents in total). According to the results, medical students’ knowledge about the consequences of HPV infection and vaccination against HPV was significantly greater. To date, numerous publications have investigated the understanding of particular social, gender, parental, etc., groups about vaccination, but the knowledge of students at different universities—medical and other—has not been compared. Social awareness is still insufficient, even in groups of medical students. There is much to be done to educate and encourage preventive behavior in those not receiving primary prevention in early childhood.
Effects of Different Carbon and Nitrogen Ratios on Nitrogen Removal Efficiency and Microbial Communities in Constructed Wetlands
Authors: Bai Xueyuan , Li Jianwei , Chang Sheng
Published: December 2023

Amidst rapid urbanization, municipal wastewater treatment plants remain a significant source of nitrogen compounds, which stems from their effluents. Constructed wetlands, employing denitrification processes, have been proven effective at nitrogen removal. Variations in influent nutrient concentrations are often seen as limiting factors affecting nitrogen removal and influencing microbial communities. This study evaluates the impact of nutrient limitation on nitrogen removal by analyzing changes in microbial communities within constructed wetlands under different influent water C/N ratios. The findings indicate that both excessively high and low C/N ratios constrain nitrogen decomposition, with optimal nitrogen removal observed at C/N ratios of 6 or 7. Moderate C/N values (6–7) support diverse and stable microbial networks, ensuring treatment system stability. Microorganisms play a pivotal role in nitrogen transformation, with the nirk gene being crucial for NH4+−N conversion, while the AOA gene dominates NO2−−N and TN conversion. This study offers practical guidance for identifying a suitable C/N ratio for wastewater treatment and establishes a theoretical foundation for regulating nitrogen removal by microbial communities in constructed wetlands within nitrogen removal systems.
Modeling and Optimization of Hybrid Fenton and Ultrasound Process for Crystal Violet Degradation Using AI Techniques
Authors: Mechati Sabrina , Zamouche Meriem , Tahraoui Hichem , Filali Oumaima , Mazouz Safa , Bouledjemer Iheb Nour Elhak , Toumi Selma , Triki Zakaria , Amrane Abdeltif , Kebir Mohammed , Lefnaoui Sonia , Zhang Jie
Published: December 2023

This study conducts a comprehensive investigation to optimize the degradation of crystal violet (CV) dye using the Fenton process. The main objective is to improve the efficiency of the Fenton process by optimizing various physicochemical factors such as the Fe2+ concentration, H2O2 concentration, and pH of the solution. The results obtained show that the optimal dosages of Fe2+ and H2O2 giving a maximum CV degradation (99%) are 0.2 and 3.13 mM, respectively. The optimal solution pH for CV degradation is 3. The investigation of the type of acid for pH adjustment revealed that sulfuric acid is the most effective one, providing 100% yield, followed by phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid. Furthermore, the examination of sulfuric acid concentration shows that an optimal concentration of 0.1 M is the most effective for CV degradation. On the other hand, an increase in the initial concentration of the dye leads to a reduction in the hydroxyl radicals formed (HO•), which negatively impacts CV degradation. A concentration of 10 mg/L of CV gives complete degradation of dye within 30 min following the reaction. Increasing the solution temperature and stirring speed have a negative effect on dye degradation. Moreover, the combination of ultrasound with the Fenton process resulted in a slight enhancement in the CV degradation, with an optimal stirring speed of 300 rpm. Notably, the study incorporates the use of Gaussian process regression (GPR) modeling in conjunction with the Improved Grey Wolf Optimization (IGWO) algorithm to accurately predict the optimal degradation conditions. This research, through its rigorous investigation and advanced modeling techniques, offers invaluable insights and guidelines for optimizing the Fenton process in the context of CV degradation, thereby achieving the twin goals of cost reduction and environmental impact minimization.
Hyperkinetic disorder in children: principles of diagnosis and therapy
Authors:   MEDSI Clinic, Moscow, Maksimochkina I. A.
Published: December 2023

This pathology includes disorders of neuropsychological development, the leading clinical sign of which is constant persistent patterns (models) of behavior with impaired attention and/or increased motor activity and impulsivity, leading to maladjustment in several areas of the child’s social functioning. Attention disorders manifest themselves in the form of the following behavioral patterns: distractibility with disorganization of behavior and problems with stable focus on a task, which are not associated with a decrease in intelligence and lack of understanding of the proposed tasks. Hyperactivity is understood as excessive motor activity, fussiness, restlessness, or verbosity that is not adequate to accepted norms. Impulsive behavior involves quick, hasty, thoughtless, hurried actions that carry a high risk of serious harm and injury. Due to the great heterogeneity in the severity of clinical manifestations, this pathology tends to be diagnosed late, often with the start of schooling.
Hypokalemia
Authors:   N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Ambulance of the Moscow Department of Health, Bellman P. S.
Published: December 2023

Low concentration of potassium in the blood serum, apparently, is the most common electrolyte imbalance in clinical practice. If hypokalemia is understood as a condition in which the potassium content in the blood is below 3.6 mmol/l, then the violation is detected in more than 20% of hospitalized patients. In most of these patients, the concentration of potassium in the blood serum is in the range of 3.0–3.5 mmol/l, but approximately 25% of them have this value below 3.0 mmol/l. There are no comparable data for outpatient patients, although a low concentration of potassium in the blood serum is determined in 10-40% of patients taking thiazide diuretics. People who are otherwise healthy usually tolerate hypokalemia well, but with a pronounced degree it can be life-threatening. Even mild or moderate hypokalemia increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases. In this regard, when hyperkalemia is detected, its cause should be determined and treatment should be carried out to eliminate it.
Learning from new colorectal cancers: a qualitative synthesis of significant event reports
Authors: Cooper-Moss Nicola , Bajpai Achint , Smith Neil , Merriel Samuel William David , Chauhan Umesh
Published: December 2023

Background

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the UK and a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis provides opportunities for intervention and improved survival. Significant event analysis (SEA) is a well-established quality improvement method for learning from new cancer diagnoses.

Aim

To provide additional insights into diagnostic processes for colorectal cancer and to identify areas for improvement in patient care pathways.

Design & setting

Fifty-three general practices across Pennine Lancashire, England, submitted one or more SEA reports as part of an incentivised scheme.

Method

A standardised data collection form was used to collate learning points and recommendations for improvements. In total, 161 reports were analysed using an inductive framework analysis approach.

Results

There was an overarching theme of building vigilance and collaboration between and within general practices and secondary care. The following four main sub-themes were also identified: education; individualised and flexible care; ownership and continuity; and communication.

Conclusion

These findings provide additional insights into colorectal cancer pathways from a primary care perspective. Practices should be supported in developing protocols for assessment and follow-up of patients with varying presentations. Screening and access to investigations are paramount for improving early diagnosis; however, a flexible diagnostic approach is required according to the individual circumstances of each patient.