bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Control Mechanisms for User Privacy Enhancement
Authors: Eldin Amr Ali
Published: May 2013

Despite the expected benefits behind context-awareness and the need for developing more and more context-aware applications, we enunciate that privacy represents a major challenge for the success and widespread adoption of these services. This is due to the collection of huge amount of users’ contextual information, which would highly threaten their privacy concerns. Controlling users’ information collection represents a logical way to let users get more acquainted with these context-aware services. Additionally, this control requires users to be able to make consent decisions which face a high degree of uncertainty due to the nature of this environment and the lack of experience from the user side with information collectors’ privacy policies. Therefore, intelligent techniques are required in order to deal with this uncertainty. In this chapter, the auhtors propose a consent decision-making mechanism, ShEM, which allows users to exert automatic and manual control over their private information. An enhanced fuzzy logic approach was developed for the automatic decision making process. The proposed mechanism has been prototyped and integrated in a UMTS location-based services testbed on a university campus. Users have experienced the services in real time. A survey of users’ responses on the privacy functionality has been carried out and analyzed as well. Users’ response on the privacy functionality was positive. Additionally, results obtained showed that a combination of both manual and automatic privacy control modes in one approach is more likely to be accepted than only a complete automatic or a complete manual privacy control.
Privacy Regulation in the Metaverse
Authors: Leenes Ronald
Published: May 2013

Second Life can be seen as a social microcosmos in which fairly normal people lead a social life and where social needs develop. Privacy is one of those needs. It is a need that is seemingly at odds with the key characteristics of Second Life: social interaction, transparency and openness. This chapter sketches the state of privacy in Second Life and how privacy is regulated in and around Second Life. It argues that the current governance model in Second Life is inadequate to provide proper privacy protection. The chapter concludes by briefly discussing current developments towards self governance that may improve the situation. The chapter aims to show that virtual worlds, such as Second Life, are interesting environments to study social phenomena and their governance.
Cryptographic Approaches for Privacy Preservation in Location-Based Services
Authors: Magkos Emmanouil
Published: May 2013

Current research in location-based services (LBSs) highlights the importance of cryptographic primitives in privacy preservation for LBSs, and presents solutions that attempt to support the (apparently) mutually exclusive requirements for access control and context privacy (i.e., identity and/or location), while at the same time adopting more conservative assumptions in order to reduce or completely remove the need for trust on system entities (e.g., the LBS provider, the network operator, or other peer nodes). This paper surveys the current state of knowledge concerning the use of cryptographic primitives for privacy-preservation in LBS applications.
Cyber Victimization of Women and Cyber Laws in India
Authors: Halder Debarati , Jaishankar K.
Published: May 2013

This chapter provides a situational analysis of cyber crimes against women in India and laws that prevent cyber victimization in general and women in particular. The Chapter is divided in to three parts. The part one provides a Situational analysis of cyber victimization of women in India where a pilot study on cyber victimization is also discussed. The Part two of this chapter deals with the current legal protection that are available to women victims in India for cyber crimes such as Offensive communication, Offences against cyber privacy, hacking, stalking and related crimes, Cheating by impersonation, Voyeurism, Pornography, obscenity and indecent representation of women in the cyber space. The part three discusses on various loopholes that exist in Indian laws especially the Indian Information Technology Act and suitable solutions are provided.
Cross-Border Transfer of Personal Data
Authors: Stan Grigore-Octav , Ghitu Georgiana
Published: May 2013

This chapter outlines the Romanian data protection legal regime governing the cross-border transfers of personal data, both to countries located in the European Union (EU) or in the European Economic Area (EEA), as well as to non-EU or non-EEA countries. In addressing the Romanian legal requirements related to international transfers of personal data, a high level insight into the background of Romanian data protection principles and main rules applicable in the broader context of privacy proves useful. Although this chapter analyzes mainly the Romanian legal regime of data protection, with a special emphasis on cross-border transfer of personal data, a similar interpretation and application of the data protection related requirements may also be encountered in other European jurisdictions. While expounding primarily on data transfer related matters, this chapter also looks at how the EU Data Protection Directive (Directive No. 95/46 EC), as well as the relevant secondary legislation in the field of data protection, has been implemented into Romanian law.
Electronic Surveillance, Privacy and Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights
Authors: Pina Pedro
Published: May 2013

In cyberworld, intellectual property rights and the right to informational self determination have become two realities in tension. Nevertheless, they are two main concerns of the e-commerce stakeholders. From the industry point of view, new digital technologies, left unregulated, may allow a free flow of information and unauthorized access to contents both from consumers or competitors; from the consumers’ perspective, security and privacy concerns are the major barriers to contracting on-line. The goal of the present chapter is to understand the relationship between anti-piracy oriented private electronic surveillance and consumers’ privacy. If, on the one hand, the enforcement of intellectual property is a laudable activity – since the recognition of economic exclusive rights is an incentive to artistic or scientific creation and the protection of the investments is an ICT industry’s legitimate interest –, on the other hand, the individual’s privacy sphere is one of the most important values and personal freedoms that law, including intellectual property law, must preserve.
Cryptographic and Steganographic Approaches to Ensure Multimedia Information Security and Privacy
Authors: Yang Ming , Trifas Monica , Francia Guillermo , Chen Lei
Published: May 2013

Information security and privacy have traditionally been ensured with data encryption techniques. Generic data encryption standards, such as DES, RSA, AES, are not very efficient in the encryption of multimedia contents due to the large volume. In order to address this issue, different image/video encryption methodologies have been developed. These methodologies encrypt only the key parameters of image/video data instead of encrypting it as a bitstream. Joint compression-encryption is a very promising direction for image/video encryption. Nowadays, researchers start to utilize information hiding techniques to enhance the security level of data encryption methodologies. Information hiding conceals not only the content of the secret message, but also its very existence. In terms of the amount of data to be embedded, information hiding methodologies can be classified into low bitrate and high bitrate algorithms. In terms of the domain for embedding, they can be classified into spatial domain and transform domain algorithms. Different categories of information hiding methodologies, as well as data embedding and watermarking strategies for digital video contents, will be reviewed. A joint cryptograph-steganography methodology, which combines both encryption and information hiding techniques to ensure patient information security and privacy in medical images, is also presented.
Definition, Typology and Patterns of Victimization
Authors: Halder Debarati , Jaishankar K.
Published: May 2013

In this chapter, an attempt is made to operationally define cyber crimes against women, as we have found that the definitions of cyber crimes have changed in the past decade and we presume that even this will change in the future decades to come. In addition, the current definitions do not specifically fit in to the nitty-gritty issues of cyber crimes against women and a succinct operational definition is provided. A new set of typology is made with regard to the cyber crimes against women as not all type of crimes fit to the category of cyber crimes against women. The patterns of victimization of women in cyberspace are dealt by qualitative case studies along with the typology.
Ensuring Users’ Rights to Privacy, Confidence and Reputation in the Online Learning Environment
Authors: Swartz Louis B. , Cole Michele T. , Lovejoy David
Published: May 2013

There is no clear right to privacy, confidence, and reputation in United States case law or in legislation for students in the online environment. While some privacy interests are protected under a variety of legal theories, none expressly applies to online education. This study examines pertinent issues concerning the privacy rights of students while engaged in online learning. A survey of students using online tools in their courses demonstrated a widespread belief that their communications were private. A second survey of business law instructors using online tools revealed a lack of awareness of the potential for abuse by third parties able to access users’ information. Survey results were inconclusive with regard to the existence of policies and procedures within the institutions with regard to protecting users’ privacy rights in online instruction. Survey respondents made several recommendations for action to mediate the lack of existing protections for privacy in online learning.
Audience Intelligence in Online Advertising
Authors: Wang Bin
Published: May 2013

This chapter introduces the fundamentals of audience intelligence’s important aspects. The goal is to present what are related to audience intelligence, how online audience intelligence could be done, and some representative methods. In this chapter, the author will first address the fundamentals of the audience intelligence, including the brief introduction of the online ad eco-system, the relationship between audience intelligence and existing online ad types, performance measures and the challenges in this field. Next, some classical methods of audience intelligence on end-users will be introduces, namely, demographic, geographic, behavioral targeting and online commercial intent (OCI) detection. Then, audience intelligence on advertisers will be presented. Finally, related topics of online advertising, such as the privacy issue, will be addressed.
Six Keys to Improving Wireless Security
Authors: Graham Erik , Steinbart Paul John
Published: May 2013

This chapter presents a step-by-step approach to improving the security of wireless networks. It describes the basic threats to achieving the security objectives of confidentiality, integrity, and availability when using wireless networking. It also explains various countermeasures that can be used to reduce the risks associated with wireless networks. This chapter has two main objectives. The first is to provide managers with practical guidance for improving the security of their organization’s wireless networks. The second objective is to summarize the issues and concerns associated with the use of wireless networking so that researchers can identify fruitful areas in need of further investigation.
Balancing the Public Policy Drivers in the Tension between Privacy and Security
Authors: Bagby John W.
Published: May 2013

The public expects that technologies used in electronic commerce and government will enhance security while preserving privacy. These expectations are focused through public policy influences, implemented by law, regulation, and standards emanating from states (provincial governments), federal agencies (central governments) and international law. They are influenced through market pressures set in contracts. This chapter posits that personally identifiable information (PII) is a form of property that flows along an “information supply chain” from collection, through archival and analysis and ultimately to its use in decision-making. The conceptual framework for balancing privacy and security developed here provides a foundation to develop and implement public policies that safeguard individual rights, the economy, critical infrastructures and national security. The illusive resolution of the practical antithesis between privacy and security is explored by developing some tradeoff relationships using exemplars from various fields that identify this quandary while recognizing how privacy and security sometimes harmonize.
Which Rights for Which Subjects?
Authors: Rouvroy Antoinette
Published: May 2013

The aim of the present chapter is to elucidate the paradoxical position of the individual legal subject in the context of human genetics. It first discusses the assumed individual “right to know” and “right not to know” about genetic susceptibilities, predispositions and risks when genetic tests exist, and assess the usual assumption according to which more information necessarily increases liberty and enhances autonomy. A second section is dedicated to the issues of confidentiality, intra-familial disclosure and familial management of genetic information. The idea is suggested that those issues challenge the fundamental liberal unit of the individual traditionally understood as a stable, unitary, embodied entity.
Provable Security for Outsourcing Database Operations
Authors: Evdokimov Sergei , Fischmann Matthias , Günther Oliver
Published: May 2013

Database outsourcing has become popular in recent years, although it introduces substantial security and privacy risks. In many applications, users may not want to reveal their data even to a generally trusted database service provider. Several researchers have proposed encryption schemes, such as privacy homomorphisms, that allow service providers to process confidential data sets without learning too much about them. In this paper, the authors discuss serious flaws of these solutions. The authors then present a new definition of security for homomorphic database encryption schemes that avoids these flaws and show that it is difficult to build a privacy homomorphism that complies with this definition. As a practical compromise, the authors present a relaxed variant of the security definition and discuss arising security implications. They present a new method to construct encryption schemes for exact selects and prove that the resulting schemes satisfy this notion.
Minimising Collateral Damage
Authors: Kwecka Zbigniew , Buchanan William J.
Published: May 2013

Investigators often define invasion of privacy as collateral damage. Inquiries that require gathering data from third parties, such as banks, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) or employers are likely to impact the relationship between the data subject and the data controller. In this research a novel privacy-preserving approach to mitigate collateral damage during the acquisition process is presented. This approach is based on existing Private Information Retrieval (PIR) protocols, which cannot be employed in an investigative context. This paper provides analysis of the investigative data acquisition process and proposes three modifications that can enable existing PIR protocols to perform investigative enquiries on large databases, including communication traffic databases maintained by ISPs. IDAP is an efficient Symmetric PIR (SPIR) protocol optimised for the purpose of facilitating public authorities’ enquiries for evidence. It introduces a semi-trusted proxy into the PIR process in order to gain the acceptance of the general public. In addition, the dilution factor is defined as the level of anonymity required in a given investigation. This factor allows investigators to restrict the number of records processed, and therefore, minimise the processing time, while maintaining an appropriate level of privacy.
Genetic Testing and Protection of Genetic Privacy
Authors: Romeo-Malanda Sergio , Nicol Dianne , Otlowski Margaret
Published: May 2013

Progress in the field of biomedical science has made it possible to obtain greater knowledge of the human genome and the nature of genetic disorders. Thanks to these advances, doctors now have the tools to diagnose certain disorders, and to carry out genetic tests to determine increased risks of developing other illnesses and of passing them on to future generations. In addition to the classic single gene disorders (like hemophilia and sickle cell anaemia), susceptibility genes are also being identified for genetically complex diseases, including many types of cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes and other illnesses (House of Lords, 2009, p. 8). We can look toward a future where genetic test results are an important part of every healthy person’s medical file.
Aspect-Oriented Programming and Aspect.NET as Security and Privacy Tool for Web and 3D Web Programming
Authors: Safonov Vladimir O.
Published: May 2013

This chapter covers the use of aspect-oriented programming (AOP) and Aspect.NET, an AOP toolkit for the .NET platform, to implement Web and 3D Web security and privacy. In this chapter the author shows that AOP is quite suitable as a trustworthy software development tool. AOP and Aspect.NET basics are overviewed using simple examples. Principles of applying Aspect.NET for Web and 3D Web security and privacy implementation are also discussed. The chapter presents a library of sample aspects implementing security and privacy for Web programming.
Development of a Diplomatic, Information, Military, Health, and Economic Effects Modeling System
Authors: Howard Newton , Cambria Erik
Published: May 2013

Having a clear picture of different facets of the current situation is key in the conduct of tactical operations within a theater. To this end, the ensemble application of sentic computing and intention awareness techniques is hereby examined to develop a novel analysis framework for estimating the effects of diplomatic, informational, military, health, and economic activities in the context of a theater of operations. A set of candidate models of the flow and evolution of population beliefs and intentions is evaluated and recommended as the starting point for developing an effects modeling system for tactical commanders. In particular, the following needs were identified: (1) understanding and representing the underlying causality within the population; (2) formulating models that are both sensitive and computable; (3) validating the predictions of population beliefs, intentions, and behaviors by model.
A Review of PACS on Cloud for Archiving Secure Medical Images
Authors: Ferraro de Souza Ricardo , Westphall Carlos Becker , dos Santos Daniel R. , Westphall Carla M.
Published: May 2013

Clinics and Hospitals are acquiring increasingly technological resources that assist in a quicker and more accurate diagnosis, in order to make it more dynamic and effective. This is causing health entities seek more modern equipment and advanced technological resources. The exams come to doctors with information processed in many different software and hardware. With the large number of information contained in exam increases the size and number of images present in the patient exam. Over time the volume of images grows exponentially, saturated retention capacity of information contained in Storage. The acquisition of new hardware to support accumulation of Terabytes size has been a major problem in these institutions. Thus this article demonstrates a scalable and less impactful on the environment, because it promotes energy savings, consumption of film and paper used in the printing of reports. PACS on Cloud proves efficient for archiving medical images, enabling access to the examination / patient report of any locality, being independent platform used for access.
Assessing the Household Food Security of Marine Fisheries Sector in Sri Lanka: Case of Muslim Fishing Community in the Beruwala Divisional Secretariat Division
Authors: Mukarrama MMF , Udugama JMM , Jayasinghemudaligae UK , Ikram SMM , Dissanayake SN
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this study was to assess the status of household food security of Muslim community belonging to the marine fisheries sector in the Beruwala Divisional Secretariat Division (DSD) in Sri Lanka. The data were collected from 494 individuals from 80 households located in 5 Fishing Inspection Divisions in the DSD using the Proportionate Random Sampling techniques. The data collection process was characterized by a number of techniques, including verbal communication; anthropometric measurements; secondary data obtained by means of various reports, records and bills etc., and direct observation of the housing environment. The Aggregate Household Food Security Index (AHFSI) developed by the FAO was used to evaluate the status of food security. The results revealed that the AHFSI of the Muslim community, in general, was 84.6 (i.e. at a “sufficient” level. The outcome of analysis also highlights that the household expenditure, access to loans, the fishing effort, gender, age and education possess a varying effect on their level of food security. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljas.v15i0.5485 Sri Lanka J. Aquat. Sci. 15 (2010): p.61-73
Mount Sinai and Mount Zion: Discontinuity and continuity in the book of Hebrews
Authors: Ramantswana Hulisani
Published: May 2013

The author of Hebrews draws significant contrasts between Mount Sinai and Mount Zion which both played a major role in the old covenant. For the author of Hebrews the former mountain, Mount Sinai, only had limited significance with respect to the new covenant, whereas the latter mountain, Mount Zion, continued to have significance in the new covenant. Mount Zion was viewed as a shadow of the heavenly reality, which is the true destination for the pilgrimage community. Mount Sinai as the locus of encounter or meeting between God and Israel only played a transitory role, whereas Mount Zion had perpetual significance as the destination, the dwelling place of God and his people.Berg Sinai en Berg Sion: Diskontinuïteit en kontinuïteit in die brief aan die Hebreërs. Die skrywer van Hebreërs wys op betekenisvolle teenstellings tussen Berg Sinai en Berg Sion, wat elkeen ’n beduidende rol in die ou verbond gespeel het. Vir die Hebreërskrywer het Berg Sinai egter beperkte betekenis vir die nuwe verbond, terwyl Sion nog steeds betekenis het. Berg Sion word as skaduwee van die hemelse werklikheid beskou, wat die uiteindelike bestemming van die pelgrimsgemeenskap is. Berg Sinai, as die lokus van ontmoeting tussen God en Israel, speel slegs ‘n oorgangsrol, terwyl Berg Sion steeds beduidende betekenis het as bestemming en woonplek van God en sy volk.
Predictors of Success in Ablation of Scar-Related Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Ghanem Mazen T. , Ahmed Rania S. , Moteleb Ayman M. Abd El , Zarif John K.
Published: May 2013

During ablation of re-entrant ventricular tachycardia (VT) 3-dimensional mapping systems are now used to properly delineate the scar tissue and aid ablation of scar-related VT. The aim of our study was to outline how the mode of ablation predicts success and recurrence in large scar-related VT. When comparing patients with recurrence and patients with no recurrence, univariate analysis showed that number of ablation lesions (28 ± 8 vs. 12 ± 8, P = 0.01) and more linear ablation lesions rather than focal lesions ( P = 0.03) were associated with long-term success. We demonstrated that more extensive ablation lesions and creation of linear lesions is associated with better success rate and lower recurrence rate during ablation of large scar-related ventricular tachycardia.
Efficient subdivision in hyperbolic groups and applications
Authors: Bader Uri , Furman Alex , Sauer Roman
Published: May 2013

We identify the images of the comparison maps from ordinary homology and Sobolev homology, respectively, to the

\ell^1

-homology of a word-hyperbolic group with coefficients in complete normed modules. The underlying idea is that there is a subdivision procedure for singular chains in negatively curved spaces that is much more efficient (in terms of the

\ell^1

-norm) than barycentric subdivision. The results of this paper are an important ingredient in a forthcoming proof of the authors that hyperbolic lattices in dimension

\ge 3

are rigid with respect to integrable measure equivalence. Moreover, we prove a new proportionality principle for the simplicial volume of manifolds with word-hyperbolic fundamental groups.
On the conjugacy problem for finite-state automorphisms of regular rooted trees (with an appendix by Raphaël M. Jungers)
Authors: Bondarenko Ievgen V. , Bondarenko Natalia V. , Sidki Said N. , Zapata Flavia R.
Published: May 2013

We study the conjugacy problem in the automorphism group

\operatorname{Aut}(T)

of a regular rooted tree

T

and in its subgroup

\operatorname{FAut}(T)

of finite-state automorphisms. We show that under the contracting condition and the finiteness of what we call the orbit-signalizer, two finite-state automorphisms are conjugate in

\operatorname{Aut}(T)

if and only if they are conjugate in

\operatorname{FAut}(T)

, and that this problem is decidable. We prove that both conditions are satisfied by bounded automorphisms and establish that the (simultaneous) conjugacy problem in the group of bounded automata is decidable.
Discrete groups with finite decomposition complexity
Authors: Guentner Erik W. , Tessera Romain , Yu Guoliang
Published: May 2013

In an earlier work we introduced a geometric invariant, called finite decomposition complexity (FDC), to study topological rigidity of manifolds. In particular, we proved the stable Borel conjecture for a closed aspherical manifold whose universal cover, or equivalently whose fundamental group, has FDC. In this note we continue our study of FDC, focusing on permanence and the relation to other coarse geometric properties. In particular, we prove that the class of FDC groups is closed under taking subgroups, extensions, free amalgamated products, HNN extensions, and direct unions. As consequences we obtain further examples of FDC groups – all elementary amenable groups and all countable subgroups of almost connected Lie groups have FDC.
Rigidity for equivalence relations on homogeneous spaces
Authors: Ioana Adrian , Shalom Yehuda
Published: May 2013

We study Popa's notion of rigidity for equivalence relations induced by actions on homogeneous spaces. For any lattices

\Gamma

and

\Lambda

in a semisimple Lie group

G

with finite center and no compact factors we prove that the action

\Gamma\curvearrowright G/\Lambda

is rigid. If in addition

G

has property (T) then we derive that the von Neumann algebra

L^{\infty}(G/\Lambda)\rtimes\Gamma

has property (T). We also show that if the stabilizer of any non-zero point in the Lie algebra of

G

under the adjoint action of

G

is amenable (e.g., if

G=\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb R)

), then any ergodic subequivalence relation of the orbit equivalence relation of the action

\Gamma\curvearrowright G/\Lambda

is either hyperfinite or rigid.
Pressure Distribution of the Gaseous Flow in Microchannel: A Lattice Boltzmann Study
Authors: Xu Zimian , Guo Zhaoli
Published: May 2013

In this paper the pressure distribution of the gaseous flow in a microchannel is studied via a lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) method. With effective relaxation times and a generalized second order slip boundary condition, the LBE can be used to simulate rarefied gas flows from slip to transition regimes. The Knudsen minimum phenomena of mass flow rate in the pressure driven flow is also investigated. The effects of Knudsen number (rarefaction effect), pressure ratio and aspect ratio (compression effect) on the pressure distribution are analyzed. It is found the rarefaction effect tends to the curvature of the nonlinear pressure distribution, while the compression effect tends to enhance its nonlinearity. The combined effects lead to a local minimum of the pressure deviation. Furthermore, it is also found that the relationship between the pressure deviation and the aspect ratio follows a pow-law.
E-Mail Usage Behavior at Work: the Portuguese Case
Authors: Quaresma Rui Filipe Cerqueira , Silva Sílvia Paula Rosa da , Marreiros Cristina Galamba
Published: May 2013

E-mail is one of the most used information and communication technologies by organizations. This technology has an enormous potential to transform the way organizations and their processes work. E-mail can speed-up processes and transaction, facilitate information exchange, improve quality, increase employees speed and productivity, and strengthen the relationship with stakeholders. The present paper analysis e-mail usage behavior at work, through empirical data collected in Portugal. The majority of users reveal adequate e-mail usage behavior, in spite of some situations that might prove to be problematic to organizations.
O Conhecimento Como Vantagem Competitiva na Área de Segurança Privada: Um Estudo Em Organização Catarinense
Authors: SCHARF EDSON ROBERTO , Silveira Amélia
Published: May 2013

Os benefícios da gestão do conhecimento em empresas atuantes em mercados competitivos são conhecidos. A empresa líder no segmento de segurança privada no setor empresarial de Santa Catarina serviu como base para pesquisa quanto à adoção da gestão do conhecimento. A pesquisa foi exploratória, com método qualitativo. Os resultados permitiram constatar a viabilidade da gestão do conhecimento nas empresas do setor. Os investimentos no capital intelectual, mais especificamente no capital humano, são percebidos como necessários, sendo que o processo de gestão do conhecimento não se encontra formalizado nas organizações de segurança privada catarinenses. Itens importantes para implantação deste processo, como o início da participação em comunidades de prática; a organização, o tratamento e a retenção das informações da organização de maneira estratégica e a preocupação com a comunicação entre os seus colaboradores estão sendo considerados.
Strategic Partnership Formation in IT Offshore Outsourcing: Institutional Elements for a Banking ERP System Licensing
Authors: Roses Luís Kalb
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this paper is to design a conceptual model of institutional elements for the formation of a client-supplier strategic partnership in IT outsourcing, involving an ERP system license contract. The model resulted from a longitudinal case study performed in a Brazilian transnational bank with businesses in four continents. This bank is one of the 10 largest American banks in terms of assets volume. Qualitative content analysis technique evaluated data collected from interviews, documents, and observations. The results show the importance of a multidimensional institutional perspective with regulative, normative, and cognitive elements to structure a client-supplier partnership. The data analysis confirmed elements predefined in the theory developed as well as identified new ones.
Muscle Dysmorphia and Personality Trait: A Significant Link in Bodybuilders
Authors: Shenoy Shweta , Sandhu Jaspal Singh , Kishore Sai , Randhawa Harwinder Singh
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this study was to test for significant link between personality trait and muscle dysmorphia in bodybuilders. A total of 212 bodybuilders filled the muscle dysmorphia inventory of which 44.3% (n = 94) were found to be muscle dysmorphic. Their personality traits assessed using eysenck personality profiler in the vienna testing system machine revealed 65% of muscle dysmorphic bodybuilders being predominantly oriented toward extroversion type of personality. Further statistical analysis revealed, the significance between the muscle dysmorphia inventory and the personality traits and its results are discussed. Estimating the prevalence and categorizing based on personality has rather opened a new gateway to identify such vulnerable men who are susceptible to their own drive for muscularity.

How to cite this article

Sandhu JS, Kishore S, Shenoy S, Randhawa HS. Muscle Dysmorphia and Personality Trait: A Significant Link in Bodybuilders. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(2):77-82.
Spine Hypermobility in Sports
Authors: Wicker A
Published: May 2013

Spondylolysis and 1st degree spondylolisthesis are one of the common conditions causing low back pain in athletes. Treatment options are very variable and often controversial. Misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment increases risk of reoccurrence in such conditions. It may also cause decrease in an athlete's performance if not treated well. Conservative management includes functional rehabilitation and anti-lordotic bracing. Therapy medium if given in right manner will have positive therapeutic effects. If conservative management fails to show any improvement, surgical stabilization with spinal fusion may be considered.

How to cite this article

Wicker A. Spine Hypermobility in Sports. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(2):90-93.
CARACTERIZACIÓN AGROFORESTAL EN SISTEMAS DE CAFÉ TRADICIONAL Y RÚSTICO, EN SAN MIGUEL, VERACRUZ, MÉXICO
Authors: Villavicencio-Enríquez Luis
Published: May 2013

Se realizaron caracterizaciones agroforestales en cafetales de tipo tradicional y rústico en la comunidad de San Miguel, Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz, México, con el objetivo de analizarlos y compararlos entre sí. Los resultados indican que ambos sistemas obtienen beneficios económicos similares aunque la composición de especies del dosel y los productos obtenidos son distintos. El principal producto económico son los árboles maderables (Cedrela odorata, Robinsonella mirandae y Mastichodendron capirii), seguido del café (Coffea arabica y C. canephora) y las palmas Chamaedorae tepejilote y Chamaedorae elegans. La relación beneficio/costo obtenida para la venta de los productos forestales y agrícolas indica una mayor ganancia económica para el sistema rústico de café ($ 20,784.00·año-1·ha-1) respecto al sistema tradicional de café ($ 19,236.00·año-1·ha-1). Aunque las ganancias en ambos sistemas son relativamente buenas, el efecto que este tipo de explotación tiene sobre los recursos forestales puede ser poco sustentable a través del tiempo, ya que en el sistema rústico no existen labores de reforestación. El sistema tradicional de café se encuentra en una mejor condición de sustentabilidad y producción a largo plazo, ya que los elementos utilizados para la comercialización de árboles maderables y para combustible son reforestados por la importancia comercial que éstos tienen.
FACTORES DE INFLUENCIA EN EL ENRAIZAMIENTO DE ESTACAS DE Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. et Cham
Authors: Castillo-Flores J. Daniel , López-López Miguel A. , López-Upton Javier , Cetina-Alcalá Víctor M. , Hernández-Tejeda Tomás
Published: May 2013

La declinación forestal en el Desierto de los Leones, D. F. afecta a Abies religiosa, una de las especies dominantes en la región con difícil capacidad de enraizamiento que requiere propagación en la zona. En el presente estudio se desarrolló un método de propagación vegetativa con el fin de determinar si el efecto de la procedencia, edad del material, tipo de hormona y la presencia de síntomas de declinación, influyen en la capacidad de enraizamiento de estacas de dicha especie. En este experimento se utilizó un sustrato compuesto por turba y agrolita para probar estacas de dos procedencias, con y sin síntomas de declinación, generadas en dos estaciones de crecimiento, y dos auxinas, manteniendo una humedad de 75-80 %. La combinación de estos factores produjo 16 tratamientos, los cuales se repitieron 50 veces. Los datos fueron procesados mediante un análisis de varianza factorial. Los resultados indican que a principios de diciembre es la mejor época de recolecta de material vegetal para enraizamiento de estacas de A. religiosa, siendo las estacas más jóvenes y las que recibieron indol-3-butírico las que mejor enraizaron. La procedencia y la sintomatología no tuvieron efecto en el enraizamiento.
TRAMPEO DE Phytophthora cinnamomi EN BOSQUE DE ENCINO CON DOS ESPECIES ORNAMENTALES E INDUCCIÓN DE SU ESPORULACIÓN.
Authors: Almaraz-Sánchez Alejandra , Alvarado-Rosales Dionicio , Saavedra-Romero Luz de L.
Published: May 2013

La mortalidad del encino se ha acentuado recientemente en varios estados del país. La etiología en muchos casos se desconoce. Los bosques de encino están siendo afectados por la “enfermedad de la tinta” (Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands.) en los estados de Colima, Jalisco y Guerrero. La enfermedad causada por P. cinnamomi es de gran importancia; sin embargo, el aislamiento y la esporulación del patógeno representan una gran dificultad. Debido a lo anterior, los objetivos del presente estudio fueron a) evaluar la eficiencia de dos plantas trampa, Camellia japonica y Rhododendron indicum (L.) Sweet utilizando una suspensión de suelo y b) inducir la esporulación del patógeno. Para ello, discos de tejido foliar (6 mm) de las especies trampa fueron embebidos en una suspensión de suelo por 24 y 48 h para luego ser sembrados en medio selectivo PARPH. La especie R. indicum presentó una mayor efectividad de captura de 64.10 % comparada con 6.83 % de C. japonica. Los mejores resultados de esporulación se obtuvieron con una mezcla de agua-suelo (350 mL-200 g).
SOFTWARE PARA IDENTIFICAR LAS TENDENCIAS DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO A NIVEL LOCAL: UN ESTUDIO DE CASO EN YUCATÁN, MÉXICO
Authors: Bautista Francisco , Bautista-Hernández Dorian A. , Álvarez Oscar , Anaya-Romero María , De la Rosa Diego
Published: May 2013

El presente trabajo muestra la arquitectura y las funcionalidades del software conocido como “Sistema de análisis de datos para el monitoreo regional y local del cambio climático con índices agroclimáticos” Moclic. El software funciona como: a) base de datos, b) herramienta de procesamiento de datos agroclimáticos, y c) herramienta para identificar las tendencias locales del cambio climático. Entre las ventajas de utilizar Moclic se incluye su capacidad para evaluar el cambio climático dentro de una interfaz gráfica de usuario. El software requiere datos de entrada de la estación meteorológica, los cuales contienen la siguiente información: nombre de la estación; número de clave; localidad y estado; promedios mensuales, temperaturas mínimas y máximas, precipitación mensual y coordenadas geográficas de la estación. Con Moclic se pueden procesar los datos de entrada y calcular las variables relacionadas con la evapotranspiración potencial y los índices (anuales y mensuales) de humedad, aridez, estación de crecimiento, concentración de precipitación, erodabilidad y lixiviación del suelo. Moclic funciona tanto en inglés como en español. En este trabajo se presenta un estudio de caso de la Estación de Abalá en el estado de Yucatán, México, para mostrar la aplicabilidad de Moclic a nivel local. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la gran exactitud de este software, para la predicción de las tendencias de cambio climático a lo largo de los últimos 40 años, y sugieren su alto potencial, para que sea utilizado en los nuevos escenarios climáticos.
LOS PROCESOS DE DESERTIFICACIÓN Y LAS REGIONES ÁRIDAS
Authors: Granados-Sánchez Diódoro , Hernández-García Miguel Á. , Vázquez-Alarcón Antonio , Ruíz-Puga Pablo
Published: May 2013

En este trabajo se realizó una revisión de la desertificación, un proceso de degradación de la capacidad productiva de la tierra, en particular en las regiones áridas y semiáridas del mundo. Debido a que la desertificación aumenta progresivamente, se estudian las causas que originan y agudizan este fenómeno en todo el mundo. En general, las causas de la desertificación se derivan de la presión combinada de un clima adverso y fluctuante, y de la sobreexplotación de los recursos naturales. Se describen aspectos relacionados con la extensión y severidad de la desertificación mundial, así como las particularidades de la degradación de la tierra en México. Se plantean, además, las características de los procesos de desertificación. Se considera la intrincada red de relaciones existentes entre las condiciones ambientales, las actividades productivas y sus efectos sobre los recursos bióticos, edáficos e hidrológicos. Finalmente, se presenta una serie de propuestas relacionadas con la aplicación de medidas preventivas y correctivas que tienden a prevenir y detener la desertificación.
LÍNEA BASE DE CARBONO EN BOSQUE MIXTO DE PINO-ENCINO DE LA SIERRA JUÁREZ (OAXACA, MÉXICO). APLICACIÓN DEL MODELO CO2FIX V.3.2
Authors: Álvarez Sergio , Rubio Agustín
Published: May 2013

Las masas forestales juegan un papel fundamental en el secuestro de carbono (C). Se han desarrollado numerosos métodos y modelos para estimar los reservorios y los flujos de C presentes en los ecosistemas. En este estudio se utilizó el modelo de simulación CO2FIX v.3.2 con el fin de determinar la línea base de C en un bosque de pino-encino de la Sierra Juárez, Oaxaca, México. El primer objetivo fue comparar los resultados del modelo con los resultados obtenidos mediante muestreos directos y el uso de ecuaciones alométricas. El segundo objetivo fue identificar los elementos que conforman dicha línea base de C para una posible evaluación de un nuevo manejo forestal que incluye beneficios ambientales por secuestro de C. Tras la obtención de los datos y la comparación de resultados con los estudios previos se concluyó que el modelo CO2FIX v3.2 es capaz de determinar,de manera simple y eficaz, los reservorios y los flujos de C, así como la línea base de C. Esto proporciona a las comunidades con acceso limitado a recursos económicos una herramienta capaz de evaluar la capacidad para el secuestro de C y recibir apoyo en el marco del servicio ambiental del secuestro de C.
PRODUCCIÓN DE HOJARASCA EN UN RODAL DE Pinus cembroides Zucc. EN ARTEAGA, COAHUILA, MÉXICO Y SU RELACIÓN CON LAS VARIABLES CLIMÁTICAS
Authors: Reyes-Carrera Santiago A. , Méndez-González Jorge , Nájera-Luna Juan A. , Cerano-Paredes Julián
Published: May 2013

La caída de hojarasca constituye la fuente principal de materia orgánica en los ecosistemas terrestres. La evaluación de la caída de hojarasca es importante para entender la productividad forestal, pero también proporciona información relevante como indicador fenológico de los efectos del cambio climático. Este estudio se llevó a cabo en un rodal joven de Pinus cembroides Zucc. en la sierra de Arteaga, Coahuila, México. La hojarasca fue colectada mensualmente usando 40 colectores (1 m2) ubicados sistemáticamente dentro de una parcela de 1 ha. La prueba no paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis se utilizó para detectar diferencias significativas entre fechas de colecta. Las relaciones de producción de hojarasca con las variables climáticas se evaluaron mediante análisis de componentes principales y modelos de regresión. La deposición total de hojarasca fue poco más de 1,000 kg·ha-1·año-1, la cual fue dependiente de la temperatura y el viento. Las acículas y ramas constituyeron cerca del 33 y 22 % de la deposición total, respectivamente.
MEDICIÓN Y ESTIMACIÓN DEL AMBIENTE LUMÍNICO EN EL INTERIOR DEL BOSQUE. UNA REVISIÓN
Authors: Promis Álvaro
Published: May 2013

El ambiente lumínico en el interior de un bosque influye en la supervivencia y crecimiento de las plántulas de especies arbóreas y en el desarrollo de las plantas del sotobosque. Por este motivo, existe mucho interés en medir el ambiente lumínico bajo el dosel de copas. Varios métodos, técnicas e instrumentos se han desarrollado para medir directamente o estimar indirectamente el ambiente lumínico en el interior del bosque. También se han realizado varios estudios que comparan la eficiencia de ambos métodos (directos e indirectos). En esta revisión se describen varios instrumentos, técnicas y metodologías para estimar el ambiente lumínico, indicando la naturaleza y propiedades de cada uno de ellos, como apoyo para la elección del equipamiento necesario y así responder a las necesidades del investigador en este tema.
CONTENIDO DE TANINOS EN LA CORTEZA DE DOS ESPECIES DE PARÁCATA (Erythroxylon compactum Rose y Senna skinneri Benth. Irwin & Barneby)
Authors: Colín-Urieta Serafín , Ochoa-Ruiz Héctor G. , Rutiaga-Quiñones José G.
Published: May 2013

Se obtuvieron taninos de la corteza de Parácata (Erythroxylon compactum Rose y Senna skinneri Benth. Irwin & Barneby) mediante extracción acuosa aplicando un diseño experimental 2k, con k = 4 y n = 2. Los factores y niveles fueron: Factor A = tamaño de partícula (0.417, 6.68 mm), Factor B = tiempo de extracción (120, 180 min), Factor C = temperatura de extracción (80, 87 °C), Factor D = relación sólido-líquido (1:15, 1:12). Se evaluó la calidad curtiente de los taninos. Se curtió una piel de venado con taninos de S. skinneri y se determinó la resistencia al desagarre y la resistencia a la tensión. Los resultados de las propiedades físico-mecánicas de la piel curtida fueron superiores a los valores mínimos recomendados por las normas mexicanas. Con base en lo anterior, se estima que la corteza de S. skinneri pudiera ser susceptible de aprovechamiento para la extracción de taninos y así usarlos en el curtido de pieles.
BOSQUE MESÓFILO DE MONTAÑA Y ESCENARIOS DE CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO: UNA EVALUACIÓN EN HIDALGO, MÉXICO
Authors: Monterroso-Rivas Alejandro I. , Gómez-Díaz Jesús D. , Tinoco-Rueda Juan A.
Published: May 2013

El hábitat de ocho especies forestales (Liquidambar macrophylla, Alnus arguta, Carpinus caroliniana, Clethra mexicana, Pinus patula, Nectandra sanguínea, Podocarpus reichei y Quercus spp.) representativas del bosque mesófilo de montaña en el estado de Hidalgo se evaluó en condiciones actuales y bajo escenarios de cambio climático. Se utilizó el marco conceptual de nicho ecológico y se evaluaron doce variables: una topográfica, cinco paisajísticas y seis climáticas. Se realizó un análisis factorial de nicho ecológico con el software Biomapper, que básicamente es un análisis estadístico de reducción de dimensiones. Para cada especie, se obtuvieron mapas de hábitat potencial al modificar seis variables climáticas por cada modelo de cambio climático aplicado, generando igual número de mapas para condiciones futuras. Se analizaron las diferencias en hábitat potencial para las condiciones actuales y aquéllas previstas por cambio climático, encontrando que es posible que la superficie óptima de crecimiento para seis especies se reduzca. Las especies identificadas como amenazadas por el cambio climático son L. macrophylla, A. arguta, C. caroliniana, C. mexicana, P. patula, y N. sanguínea. Estas especies componen principalmente el estrato arbóreo alto del bosque mesófilo, por lo que se concluye que el ecosistema puede verse seriamente afectado como consecuencia del cambio climático.