bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A NECESSIDADE DO MODELO DE COMUNIDADES DE PRÁTICAS ONLINE PARA CAPACITAÇÃO INTERPROFISSIONAL EM ONCOLOGIA
Authors: NEVES WAGNER FELIPE DOS SANTOS , JÚNIOR ANTONIO JORGE SILVA CORREA , RUSSO TATIANA MARA DA SILVA , TELES ANDRÉ APARECIDO DA SILVA , SONOBE HELENA MEGUMI
Published: May 2022

Justificativa: A interprofissionalidade na atenção oncológica constitui uma lacuna na capacitação de recursos humanos e a teoria de Jean Lave e Étienne Wenger poderá contribuir na sua fundamentação. Objetivo: Analisar estudos sobre capacitação em saúde, fundamentado na Situated Learning Theory, para a viabilização do modelo de Comunidades de Prática (CoP) online para a capacitação interprofissional em Oncologia. Método: Revisão bibliográfica narrativa de linha temporal aberta, a partir da questão: “Quais introjeções a Situated Learning Theory e seu modelo de Comunidades de Prática online favorecem a capacitação interprofissional em oncologia?”; na base PUBMED. Resultados: Debateram-se 16 artigos em inglês, com diferentes delineamentos metodológicos, que foram categorizados em: “Conexões do trabalho interprofissional em saúde com a Aprendizagem situada e Comunidades de Prática” e “A manifestação online das CoP e possíveis reflexos para a capacitação em Oncologia”. O modelo definiu a premência de um profissional veterano na condução da capacitação de profissionais recém-chegados no serviço oncológico e as mudanças atitudinais geradas pela CoP a partir do compromisso com o conhecimento. Conclusão: Conceitos de destaque foram: participação periférica legítima, motivação de participantes, interações entre veteranos e recém-chegados, formação de Facilitadores Clínicos Graduados, aprendizagem multiconfigurada, estabelecimento de presença social e cognitiva no interior das mesmas, CoP como estratégia de melhoria da qualidade assistencial, com sua expansão para a rede de atenção em saúde; comunidades de inquérito; artefatos ou produtos da comunidade, como evolução de papeis profissionais dentro da comunidade e as trajetórias dentro da CoP e entre comunidades centrais e adjacentes.
Comparing Methods for Extractive Summarisation of Call Centre Dialogue
Authors: N. Uma Alexandra , Sityaev Dmitry
Published: May 2022

This paper provides results of evaluating some text summarisation techniques for the purpose of producing call summaries for contact centre solutions. We specifically focus on extractive summarisation methods, as they do not require any labelled data and are fairly quick and easy to implement for production use. We experimentally compare several such methods by using them to produce summaries of calls, and evaluating these summaries objectively (using ROUGE-L) and subjectively (by aggregating the judgements of several annotators). We found that TopicSum and Lead-N outperform the other summarisation methods, whilst BERTSum received comparatively lower scores in both subjective and objective evaluations. The results demonstrate that even such simple heuristics-based methods like Lead-N can produce meaningful and useful summaries of call centre dialogues.
Use of Machine Learning for Active Public Debt Collection with Recommendation for the Method of Collection Via Protest
Authors: Farias Pinheiro Álvaro , da Silveira Denis Silva , Lima Neto Fernando Buarque de
Published: May 2022

This work consists of applying supervised Machine Learning techniques to identify which types of active debts are appropriate for the collection method called protest, one of the means of collection used by the Attorney General of the State of Pernambuco. For research, the following techniques were applied, Neural Network (NN), Logistic Regression (LR), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The NN model obtained more satisfactory results among the other classification techniques, achieving better values in the following metrics: Accuracy (AC), FMeasure (F1), Precision (PR), and Recall (RC) with indexes above 97% in the evaluation with these metrics. The results showed that the construction of an Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning model to choose which debts can succeed in the collection process via protest could bring benefits to the government of Pernambuco increasing its efficiency and effectiveness.
An Adaptively Secure NIPE Scheme based on DCR Assumption
Authors: Gao Haiying , Ma Chao
Published: May 2022

Non-zero inner product encryption provides fine-grained access control to private data, but the existing non-zero inner product encryption schemes are mainly constructed based on the problem of bilinear groups and lattices without homomorphism. To meet the needs of users to control private data and cloud servers to directly process ciphertexts in a cloud computing environment, this paper designs a non-zero inner product encryption scheme based on the DCR assumption. Specifically, the access control policy is embedded in the ciphertext by a vector y, and the user attribute vector x is embedded in the secret key. If the inner product of the policy vector y of the encryptor and the attribute vector x of the decryptor is not zero, the decryptor can decrypt correctly. This scheme has additive homomorphism in the plaintext-ciphertext space, and it can be proved to be additive homomorphic and adaptively secure.
FitConnect: An Intelligent Mobile Application to Automate the Exercise Tracking and Personalization using Big Data Analysis
Authors: Li Michael , Sun Yu
Published: May 2022

In recent times with the pandemic, many people have been finding exercise as an outlet. However, this situation has made it difficult for people to connect with one another and share their progress with friends and family. This paper designs an application to utilize big data, a social media network, and exercise tracking [1][2]. The program aims to help people connect with others to support one another in their fitness journey. Through various experiments we demonstrated that the application was effective in connecting users with each other and overall improving their fitness experience. Additionally, people of all experience levels in fitness were generally satisfied with the performance of FitConnect, with those of higher experience being less satisfied than those with lesser experience. This application will facilitate getting into fitness through positive means for any person who wants to pursue a healthy lifestyle, whether in the walls of their house, a swimming pool, or a gym [3].
Indexed Parallel Sphere Packing for Arbitrary Domains
Authors: Rubén Adrián Cuba Lajo , Manuel Eduardo Loaiza Fernández
Published: May 2022

Particle packings are used to simulate granular matter, which has various uses in industry. The most outstanding characteristics of these are their density and their construction time, the density refers to the percentage of the space of the object filled with particles, this is also known as compaction or solid fraction. Particle packing seeks to be as dense as possible, work on any object, and have a low build time. Currently there are proposals that have significantly reduced the construction time of a packing and have also managed to increase the density of these, however, they have certain restrictions, such as working on a single type of object and being widely affected by the characteristics of the object. The objective of this work is to present the improvement of a parallel sphere packing for arbitrary domains. The packing to improve was directly affected in time by the number of triangles in the mesh of object. This enhancement focuses on creating a parallel data structure to reduce build time. The proposed method reduces execution time with a high number of triangles, but it takes up a significant amount of memory for the data structure. However, to obtain high densities, that is, densities between 60% and 70%, the sphere packing construction does not overwhelm the memory.
Monocular Camera Calibration using Projective Invariants
Authors: Jose R Vilca Vargas , Paúl A Quio Añauro , Manuel E Loaiza Fernández
Published: May 2022

Camera calibration is a crucial step to improve the accuracy of the images captured by optical devices. In this paper, we take advantage of projective geometry properties to select frames with quality control points in the data acquisition stage and, further on, perform an accurate camera calibration. The proposed method consists of four steps. Firstly, we select acceptable frames based on the position of the control points, later on we use projective invariants properties to find the optimal control points to perform an initial camera calibration using the camera calibration algorithm implemented in OpenCV. Finally, we perform an iterative process of control point refinement, projective invariants properties check and recalibration; until the results of the calibrations converge to a minimum defined threshold.
Dempster-Shafer and Alpha Stable Distance for Multi-Focus Image Fusion
Authors: Sabre Rachid , Wahyuni Ias Sri
Published: May 2022

The aim of multi-focus image fusion is to integrate images with different objects in focus so that obtained a single image with all objects in focus. In this paper, we present a novel multi-focus image fusion method based using Dempster-Shafer Theory and alpha stable distance. This method takes into consideration the information in the surrounding region of pixels. Indeed, at each pixel, the method exploits the local variability that is calculated from quadratic difference between the value of pixel I(x,y) and the value of all pixels that belong to its neighbourhood. Local variability is used to determine the mass function. In this work, two classes in DempsterShafer Theory are considered: blurred part and focus part. We show that our method give the significant result.
STRATEGI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER REMAJA USIA 12-15 TAHUN DI ERA 4.0
Authors: Darianti Darianti , Tafonao Talizaro
Published: May 2022

The purpose of writing this article is to see how effective the Christian religious education strategy is in shaping character in the 4.0 era. Based on the study in this article, the authors found several main problems, namely that there are still teenagers who are addicted to online games while watching pornographic videos. By looking at the subject matter, the paper is here to provide education through the teaching of Christian religious education. But there needs to be a relevant strategy in shaping the character of the teenager. The method used in writing this article is a descriptive research method with the study of Christian religious education strategies in shaping the character of adolescents aged 12-15 years in the 4.0 era. The results obtained in this study are parents, teachers, church and society have the main task in educating young people about a moral life based on Christian values. Thus, the role of teaching Christian religious education in each of these institutions is highly expected to be implemented based on the development of science and technology.
Efectividad de la terapia robótica Armeo spring en la funcionalidad de extremidad superior de niños con parálisis cerebral unilateral espástica inyectados con toxina botulínica. Ensayo clínico aleatorio de grupos paralelos, simple ciego
Authors: ABURTO OJEDA ANA , QUIERO EBNER BELÉN , LLORENTE DOBBS LORENA
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Comparar la efectividad de la terapia robótica Armeo spring (AS) con la Terapia Ocupacional (TO) para mejorar la funcionalidad de extremidad superior de niños/as entre 4-10 años con Parálisis cerebral (PC) unilateral e inyectados intramuscularmente con toxina botulínica tipo A en Instituto Teletón Concepción-Chile. Pacientes y métodos: Ensayo clínico controlado aleatorio de grupos paralelos AS y TO con una muestra de veinte niños clasificados con MACS I, II, III (10 paciente por grupo). Se realizaron 15 sesiones de tratamien­to, 3 veces/semana. Se aplicó escala QUEST y ABILHAND-kids, en tiempos basal, post intervención y seguimiento a 6 meses por Terapeuta Ocupacional que desconocía la asignación de los grupos. Resultados: No hay diferencias significativas en subdimensiones y puntaje total QUEST en ambos grupos. En grupo TO se observan diferencias entre los tiempos T1 y T3 en las subdimen­siones movimiento disociado, agarre, carga de peso y puntaje total QUEST; y entre los tiempos T2 y T3 para movimiento disociado, carga de peso y puntaje total QUEST. En el grupo AS hubo diferencias entre T1 y T2 en movimiento disociado y puntaje total QUEST, y entre el T1 y T3 en puntaje disociado. En ABILHAND-kids no hay diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos y sólo en el grupo AS hay diferencias significativas entre los tiempos T1-T3 y T2-T3. Discusión: La terapia robótica AS y la TO logran mejorar la funcionalidad de extremidad superior en niños con PC unilateral, no encontrándose diferencias entre ambos grupos.
Uso de simulador de conducción adaptado de bajo costo en entorno de realidad virtual en personas con lesión medular tipo paraplejia. Una serie de casos
Authors: ALDANA F LUIS , CID S VIVIANO , REYES B SERGIO
Published: May 2022

Introducción: La capacidad de conducir un vehículo motorizado impacta en la participación comunitaria de una persona con lesión medular congénita o adquirida. Al respecto, los simuladores de conducción sirven tanto de en­ frenamiento como para determinar la idoneidad para conducir un vehículo motorizado. Objetivo: Describir la experiencia de uso de un simulador de conducción adaptado en entorno de realidad virtual en personas con lesión medular tipo paraplejia de origen congénito o adquirido. Método: Se selec­cionaron 6 usuarios/as con paraplejia congénita o adquirida, entre 18 y 24 años de edad, sin antecedentes de patología visual, con resistencia máxima y sensibilidad completa en miembros superiores. Todos recibieron 8 sesiones de 40 minutos de uso del simulador. Se aplicó evaluación basal, al primero y tercer mes post intervención sobre estado funcional, impacto psicosocial de la asistencia tecnológica (PIADS) y satisfacción usuaria. Resultados: En PIADS, el puntaje para Adaptabilidad es constante con puntuación máxima midiendo en 1 y 3 meses. En el mismo periodo, el puntaje de Competencia sube de 2,6 a 2,7, mientras que Autoestima sube de 2,1 a 2,2 puntos. En la encuesta de satis­facción destaca la valoración máxima y constante en el ítem “Recomendación del simulador”. Ninguno de estos cambios fue estadísticamente significativo. Conclusión: Los cambios observados en las puntuaciones, aun no siendo sig­nificativos, son positivos y consistentes con los antecedentes teóricos respecto a la valoración de la experiencia de uso de simulador de conducción adaptado en entorno de realidad virtual.
Çocuk Gelişimi Ön Lisans Öğrencilerine Göre “Çocuk” Kavramı
Authors: GÜNGÖR Hande , GÜLAY OGELMAN Hülya
Published: May 2022

Çocuk gelişimi öğrencilerinin çocuğa yönelik algıları, bakış açıları, onların sonraki yıllardaki tutumlarını etkileyebilir. Mesleği çocuklarla ilgili olan alanlardaki öğrencilerin çocuk kavramlarının ortaya konulması, gerek öğretmen eğitiminin standartlarının yükseltilmesi gerekse çocuk eğitimindeki kalitenin arttırılması adına önem taşımaktadır. Metaforlar, bir kavrama ilişkin bireylerin anlama sürecini ortaya konmasında bir araç olarak kullanılabilirler ve bu şekilde bireylerin kavram ile ilgili derin düşüncelerini ortaya çıkartılmasını sağlayabilirler. Bu çalışma, Denizli örneklemindeki Çocuk gelişimi ön lisans öğrencilerinin “çocuk” kavramına yönelik algılarının metaforlar aracılığı ile ortaya konulması amacı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Çocuk Gelişim Programında öğrenim gören 270 (%52.6) birinci sınıf ve 243 (%47.4) ikinci sınıf olmak üzere toplam 513 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Nitel araştırma deseninde gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın verilerini katılımcıların çocuk kavramına yönelik metaforları içeren dokumanlar oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarında, öğrencilerin “çocuk” kavramına ilişkin 161 metafor geliştirdikleri belirlenmiştir. Bu metaforlardan 100’ü bir kez söylenmişken, 61 metafor birden fazla kez söylenmiştir. En sık belirtilen ilk üç metafor ise “çiçek”, “fidan” ve “ağaç” olmak üzere birbirleriyle oldukça ilişkili doğadaki kavramlar olduğu görülmektedir. Katılımcıların “çocuk” kavramına ilişkin algılarının 18 adet farklı kavramsal kategori oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Katılımcıların oluşturdukları metaforlar, kavramsal kategorilere göre sınıflandırıldığında en fazla metafor bulunan kategorinin “Yansıtıcı bir varlık olarak çocuk” olduğu söylenebilir.
Development of an Artificial Neural Network Model for Detection of COVID-19
Authors: Aribisala Benjamin , Odusanya Olumuyiwa , Olabanjo Olusola , Wahab Elias , Atilola Olayinka , Saheed Abdulrasaq
Published: May 2022

Background: The insurgence and resurgence of waves of the COVID-19 virus pandemic, aside its recorded mortality, has posed a lot of burden on the global health, social and economic systems. Its burden is worsened by the difficulty in its diagnosis due to the level of confusability in its symptoms which overlap with other diseases. Aim: The aim of this project was to develop an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model for diagnosis of COVID-19 based on data acquired from COVID-19 patients. Materials and Method: A COVID-19 dataset was obtained from an online repository containing a total of 5434, with 4383 positive (80%) and 1051 negative cases as confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based test. The dataset was split into training and testing in the ratio 80:20 respectively. The ANN Covid-19 model (ANNCOVID) model was built on the training dataset and tested on the testing dataset. Model performance was assessed using sensitivity analysis and accuracy. Results: Twenty features were identified from the dataset. The 20 features were ranked to identify their importance and diagnostic potentials. Ranking was done using Mutual Information Gain and three classification experiments were carried out after feature ranking: using 11, 14 and all 20 features as ranked by their corresponding P-values. The full-feature experiment yielded 98.44% accuracy, 99.31% sensitivity and 94.88% specificity. The 14-feature experiments gave 97.88% accuracy, 98.72% sensitivity and 94.76% specificity. The 11-feature experiment yielded accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 97.33%, 97.75% and 95.50% respectively. This result shows that 20-feature experiment gave the highest accuracy and the highest sensitivity but the 11-feature experiment gave the highest specificity. Conclusion: Results show that the ANNCOVID model has a great predictive potential. Results also show that the use of all features offer higher predictive potential than just using a few. These show that the proposed model can help to reduce PCR related cost as patients can be diagnosed easily and accurately by using the proposed ANNCOVID model.
МЕТОДИЧНИЙ ІНСТРУМЕНТАРІЙ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ІНКЛЮЗИВНОГО РОЗВИТКУ СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД
Authors: Павлик Володимир
Published: May 2022

Обґрунтовано загальні принципи використання системного підходу для оцінювання інклюзивного розвитку сільських громад. Запропоновано систему рівнянь за допомогою якої встановлено взаємозв’язок між соціальними, економічними, політичними чинниками життєдіяльності населення сільських територіальних громад.
Medication Compliance Analysis in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at Bekasi Jaya Health Center Indonesia
Authors: Rindy Al Fitry Zulfa , Puspitaloka Mahadewi Erlina , Heryana Ade , Marti Ayu Ira
Published: May 2022

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis. Compliance with taking medication is a key factor in the success of tuberculosis treatment. Medication non-adherence can increase the risk of treatment failure and relapse, and is considered one of the most important causes of drug resistance. Compliance with taking medication is the patient's actions related to patient compliance in the process of taking routine drugs and consuming routine drugs during the intensive and advanced stages of treatment as determined. Based on observations by distributing questionnaires at the Bekasi Jaya Health Center Indonesia in January to October 2021 for patient compliance, the results obtained were 62% obedient and about 38% of patients were not compliant in taking medication. The purpose of this study was to determine the analysis of drug adherence in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at the Bekasi Jaya Health Center. This study uses a descriptive quantitative research methodology with a cross sectional research design. The sample in this study is the total population of 37 people, and conducted by filling out a questionnaire by the patient. Data analysis was performed with Univariate and Bivariate analysis. The results of the univariate analysis in this study showed that the highest proportion of respondents who had higher education was 65%, respondents who did not work were 65%, good knowledge was 65%, the availability of health facilities and facilities of respondents who said complete was 65%, access to health services was 68% of respondents stated that it was not difficult, 86.5% of their family support was good, 68% of health workers' support was good. This study also found the results of bivariate analysis that there was a relationship between educational status (p = 0.039; PR = 2.46; 95% CI = 1.089-5.563), medication adherence (p = 0.039; QR = 2.46; 95% CI = 1.09-5.56), availability of health facilities and facilities (p = 0.039 ; QR = 2.46 ; 95% CI = 1.09 – 5.56), access to health services (p = 0.006 ; QR = 3.32; 95% CI = 1.46-7.85), family support (p = 0.039; QR = 2.46; 95% CI = 1.09 – 5.56), and support from health workers (p = 0.027 ; QR = 2.78 ; 95% CI = 1.24 – 6.21) with medication adherence. In addition, the study also found that there was no relationship between work status and medication adherence (p = 1,000; PR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.42–2.3). The proportion of family support for tuberculosis patients was dominated, because of this, it is necessary to make efforts to increase public awareness of the working area of the health centerabout the importance of medication adherence in tuberculosis patients. The more active health workers and other related sectors, can increase the rate of adherence to taking medication for pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the work environment at Bekasi Jaya Health Center, Indonesia.
How work discipline and leadership influence employees’ performance?
Authors: McCarter Matthew W. , Haeruddin M. Ikhwan Maulana , Mustafa Muhammad Yushar , Abadi Rahmat Riwayat , Syahrul Khaidir
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of work discipline and leadership style on employee performance at hotels in Texas. The analysis used in this study using multiple regression analysis. The population in this study were all employees at the hotels. Sampling in this study was carried out using a sampling technique, namely saturated sampling, so the number of samples was 300 employees who were recruited as samples in the study. The results of the study after the data were processed with SPSS.21 with the analytical method used in this study, namely multiple linear regression analysis, Ftest, Ttest, and coefficient of determination (R2). Based on the results of the study it was found that there was a positive and significant effect of work discipline and leadership style variables on employee performance at the hotels simultaneously. This is evidenced by the value of Fcount which is greater than the value of Ftable (29.288 > 3.32) and the probability value which is smaller than (0.000 < 0.05). While partially there is a positive and significant effect of work discipline on employee performance and leadership style has a negative and significant effect on employee performance at the hotels in Texas. Where the tcount value is greater than the ttable value (1,703). The work discipline variable has a tcount value of 5.799 (p = 0.000) and the leadership style variable has a tcount value of -5.035 (p = 0.000). The variable that has the most dominant influence on employee performance at the hotels in Texas is the work discipline variable with the largest tcount value (5.799).
A Literatur Review in Learning Organization
Authors: Eyo Eyo Itam , Sunarsi Denok , Herling Herling , Nurjaya Nurjaya , Affandi Azhar
Published: May 2022

The learning organization idea represents a shift in how organizations are developed and grow. Within the training and development literature, staff development and individual learning were emphasized. This review undertakes a critical review of the confused and confusing literature on the learning organization. Draws on both psychological and organizational perspectives and focuses on the distinction between organizational learning and the concept of the learning organization. The discussion is centered around the issues of learning organization and the nature of learning organization. The issues include the neglect of intra-organizational phenomena and a lack of clarity regarding the treatment of the organization, the nature of learning itself, the lack of an accepted theory of what constitutes a learning organization's culture and climate, the impact of organizational size, the role of teamwork within the learning organization concept, and the fundamental question of whether the learning organization is a variable or a root metaphor. This article looks at some of the problems with the learning organization literature and then asks whether the learning organization is a concept that is applicable to organizations. Much of the literature on organizations doesn't take into account the unique nature of organizations in terms of their membership and the people with influence within them. Collaborative learning allows employees to gain new knowledge, skills, and attitudes by working together. Finally, it concludes with a consideration of the issues involved in creating a learning organization.
Chemical Characteristics and Source of PM2.5 in Hohhot, a Semi-arid City in Northern China: Insight from the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Zhou Haijun , Liu Tao , Sun Bing , Tian Yongli , Zhou Xingjun , Hao Feng , Chun Xi , Wan Zhiqiang , Liu Peng , Wang Jingwen , Du Dagula
Published: May 2022

Abstract. A knowledge gap exists concerning how chemical composition and sources respond to implemented policy control measures for aerosols, particularly in a semi-arid region. To address this, a single year’s offline measurement was conducted in Hohhot, a semi-arid city in northern China, to reveal the driving factors of severe air pollution in semi-arid region and assess the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown measures on chemical characteristics and sources of PM2.5. Organic matter, mineral dust, sulfate, and nitrate, accounted for 31.5 %, 14.2 %, 13.4 %, and 12.3 % of the total PM2.5 mass, respectively. Coal combustion, vehicular emissions, crustal sources, and secondary inorganic aerosols were the main sources of PM2.5 in Hohhot, at 38.3 %, 35.0 %, 13.5 %, and 11.4 %, respectively. Due to the coupling effect of emission reduction and improved atmospheric conditions, the concentration of secondary inorganic components, organic matter, elemental carbon, and chloride declined from the pre-lockdown period to the lockdown and post-lockdown period. Compared with the pre-lockdown period, the percentage of secondary inorganic components declined during the lockdown and post-lockdown period, while the mineral dust, organic matter, and elemental carbon increased. The rapid generation of secondary inorganic components caused by unfavorable meteorological conditions during lockdown led to serious pollution. This study elucidates the complex relationship between air quality and environmental policy.
Air-parcel residence times in a mature forest: observational evidence from a free-air CO2 enrichment experiment
Authors: Bannister Edward J. , Jesson Mike , Harper Nicholas J. , Hart Kris M. , Curioni Giulio , Cai Xiaoming , MacKenzie A. Rob
Published: May 2022

Abstract. In forests, air-parcel residence times – the inverse of first-order exchange rates – influence in-canopy chemistry and the exchanges of momentum, energy, and mass with the surrounding atmosphere. Accurate estimates are needed for chemical investigations of reactive trace species, such as volatile organic compounds, some of whose chemical lifetimes are in the order of average residence times. However, very few observational residence-time estimates have been reported. Little is known about even the basic statistics of real-world residence times or how they are influenced by meteorological variables such as turbulence or atmospheric stability. Here, we report opportunistic investigations of air-parcel residence times in a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) facility in a mature, broadleaf deciduous forest with canopy height hc ≈ 25 m. Using nearly 50 million FACE observations, we find that median daytime residence times in the tree crowns range from around 70 s when the trees are in leaf to just over 34 s when they are not. Air-parcel residence times increase with increasing atmospheric stability, as does the dispersion around their central value. Residence times scale approximately with the reciprocal of the friction velocity, u*. During some calm evenings in the growing season, we observe distinctly different behaviour: pooled air being sporadically and unpredictably vented – evidenced by sustained increases in CO2 concentration – when intermittent turbulence penetrates the canopy. In these conditions, the concept of a residence time is less clearly defined. Parameterisations available in the literature underestimate turbulent exchange in the upper half of forest crowns and overestimate the frequency of long residence times. Robust parametrisations of air-parcel residence times (or, equivalently, fractions of emissions escaping the canopy) may be generated from inverse gamma distributions, with the parameters 1.4 ≤ α ≤ 1.8 and β = hc / u* estimated from widely measured flow variables. In this case, the mean value for τ becomes formally defined as 𝜏̅  = β / (α−1). For species released in the canopy during the daytime, chemical transformations are unlikely unless the reaction time scale is in the order of a few minutes or less.
Molecular characteristics, sources, and formation pathways of organosulfur compounds in ambient aerosol in Guangzhou, South China
Authors: Jiang Hongxing , Li Jun , Tang Jiao , Cui Min , Zhao Shizhen , Mo Yangzhi , Tian Chongguo , Zhang Xiangyun , Jiang Bin , Liao Yuhong , Chen Yingjun , Zhang Gan
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Organosulfur compounds (OrgSs), especially
organosulfates, have been widely reported to be present in large quantities
in particulate organic matter found in various atmospheric environments.
Despite hundreds of organosulfates and their formation mechanisms being
previously identified, a large fraction of OrgSs remain unexplained at the
molecular level, and a better understanding of their formation pathways and
critical environmental parameters is required to explain the variations in
their concentrations. In this study, the abundance and molecular composition
of OrgSs in fine particulate samples collected in Guangzhou were reported.
The results revealed that the ratio of the annual average mass of organic
sulfur to total particulate sulfur was 33 ± 12 %, and organic sulfur
had positive correlations with SO2 (r=0.37, p<0.05) and
oxidant (NOx + O3, r=0.40, p<0.01). A Fourier transform
ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analysis revealed that
more than 80 % of the sulfur-containing formulas detected in the samples had
the elemental composition of o/(4s+3n)≥1, indicating that they were
largely in the form of oxidized organosulfates or nitrooxy organosulfates.
Many OrgSs that were previously tentatively identified as having biogenic or
anthropogenic origins were also present in freshly emitted aerosols derived
from combustion sources. The results indicated that the formation of OrgSs
through an epoxide intermediate pathway could account for up to 46 %
of OrgSs from an upper bound estimation, and the oxidant levels could
explain 20 % of the variation in the mass of organic sulfur. The analysis
of our large dataset of FT-ICR MS results suggested that relative humidity,
oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds via ozonolysis, and
NOx-related nitrooxy organosulfate formation were the major reasons for
the molecular variation of OrgSs, possibly highlighting the importance of
the acid-catalyzed ring-opening of epoxides, oxidation processes, and
heterogeneous reactions involving either the uptake of SO2 or the
heterogeneous oxidation of particulate organosulfates into additional
unrecognized OrgSs.
A new scanning scheme and flexible retrieval for mean winds and gusts from Doppler lidar measurements
Authors: Steinheuer Julian , Detring Carola , Beyrich Frank , Löhnert Ulrich , Friederichs Petra , Fiedler Stephanie
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Doppler wind lidars (DWLs) have increasingly been used over the last decade to derive the mean wind in the atmospheric boundary layer.
DWLs allow the determination of wind vector profiles with high vertical resolution and provide an alternative to classic meteorological tower observations. They also receive signals from altitudes higher than a tower and can be set up flexibly in any power-supplied location.
In this work, we address the question of whether and how wind gusts can be derived from DWL observations. The characterization of wind gusts is one central goal of the Field Experiment on Sub-Mesoscale Spatio-Temporal Variability in Lindenberg (FESSTVaL).
Obtaining wind gusts from a DWL is not trivial because a monostatic DWL provides only a radial velocity per line of sight, i.e., only one component of a three-dimensional vector, and measurements in at least three linearly independent directions are required to derive the wind vector.
Performing them sequentially limits the achievable time resolution, while wind gusts are short-lived phenomena. This study compares different DWL configurations in terms of their potential to derive wind gusts.
For this purpose, we develop a new wind retrieval method that is applicable to different scanning configurations and various time resolutions.
We test eight configurations with StreamLine DWL systems from HALO Photonics and evaluate gust peaks and mean wind over 10 min at 90 m a.g.l. against a sonic anemometer at the meteorological tower in Falkenberg, Germany. The best-performing configuration for retrieving wind gusts proves to be a fast continuous scanning mode (CSM) that completes a full observation cycle within 3.4 s. During this time interval, about 11 radial Doppler velocities are measured, which are then used to retrieve single gusts. The fast CSM configuration was successfully operated over a 3-month period in summer 2020. The CSM paired with our new retrieval technique provides gust peaks that compare well to classic sonic anemometer measurements from the meteorological tower.
Algorithm Theoretical Basis for Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide Retrievals from DSCOVR EPIC
Authors: Huang Xinzhou , Yang Kai
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Onboard the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR), the first Earth-observing satellite at the L1 point (the first Lagrangian point in the Earth-Sun system), the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) observes the entire sunlit face of the Earth continuously. EPIC measures the solar backscattered and reflected radiances in ten discrete spectral channels, four of which are in the ultraviolet (UV) range. These UV bands are selected primarily for total ozone (O3) and aerosol retrievals based on heritage algorithms developed for the series of Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS). These UV measurements also provide sensitive detection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and volcanic ash, both of which may be episodically injected into the atmosphere during explosive volcanic eruptions. This paper presents the theoretical basis and mathematical procedures for the direct vertical column fitting (DVCF) algorithm used for retrieving total vertical columns of O3 and SO2 from DSCOVR EPIC. This paper describes algorithm advances, including an improved O3 profile representation that enables profile adjustments from multiple spectral measurements and the spatial optimal estimation (SOE) scheme that reduces O3 artifacts resulted from EPIC's band-to-band misregistrations. Furthermore, this paper discusses detailed error analyses and presents inter-comparisons with correlative data to validate O3 and SO2 retrievals from EPIC.
True eddy accumulation – Part 2: Theory and experiment of the short-time eddy accumulation method
Authors: Emad Anas , Siebicke Lukas
Published: May 2022

Abstract. A new variant of the eddy accumulation method for measuring atmospheric exchange is derived and a prototype sampler is evaluated. The new method, termed short-time eddy accumulation (STEA), overcomes the requirement of fixed accumulation intervals in the true eddy accumulation method (TEA) and enables the sampling system to run in a continuous flow-through mode. STEA enables adaptive time-varying accumulation intervals which improves the system’s dynamic range and brings many advantages to flux measurement and calculation. The STEA method was successfully implemented and deployed to measure CO2 fluxes over an agricultural field in Braunschweig, Germany. The measured fluxes matched very well against a conventional EC system (slope of 1.04, R2 of 0.86). We provide a detailed description of the setup and operation of the STEA system in the continuous flow-through mode, devise an empirical correction for the effect of buffer volumes, and describe the important considerations for the successful operation of the STEA method. The STEA method reduces the bias and uncertainty in the measured fluxes and creates new ways to design eddy accumulation systems with finer control over sampling and accumulation. The results encourage the application of STEA for measuring fluxes of more challenging atmospheric constituents such as reactive species.
Mass concentration measurements of autumn bioaerosol using low-cost sensors in a mature temperate woodland free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment: investigating the role of meteorology and carbon dioxide levels
Authors: Baird Aileen B. , Bannister Edward J. , MacKenzie A. Robert , Pope Francis D.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Forest environments contain a wide variety of airborne biological particles
(bioaerosols), including pollen, fungal spores, bacteria, viruses, plant
detritus, and soil particles. Forest bioaerosol plays a number of important
roles related to plant and livestock health, human disease and
allergenicity, and forest and wider ecology and are thought to influence
biosphere–atmosphere interactions via warm and cold cloud formation. Despite
the importance of bioaerosols, there are few measurements of forest aerosol,
and there is a lack of understanding of how climate change will affect
forest bioaerosol in the future. We installed low-cost optical particle counters (OPCs) to measure particles
in the size range between 1 and 10 µm (PM10–PM1) for a
period of 2 months in autumn 2018 at the Birmingham Institute of Forest
Research (BIFoR) free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) facility. In the
paper, we propose that the PM10–PM1 (particulate matter) metric is a good proxy for
bioaerosols because of the bioaerosol representative size range, the
location of the study site (a woodland in a rural location), the field
measurement taking place during the season of peak fungal activity, and the
low hygroscopicity of the particles measured. The BIFoR FACE facility
fumigates three 700 m2 areas of the forest with an additional 150 ppm
CO2 above ambient levels with minimal impacts on other potential environmental
drivers such as temperature, humidity, and wind. This experimental set-up
enabled us to investigate the effect of environmental variables, including
elevated CO2 (eCO2), on bioaerosol proxy concentrations and to
evaluate the performance of the low-cost OPCs in a forested environment. Operating the low-cost OPCs during autumn 2018, we aimed to capture
predominantly the fungal bioaerosol season. Across the experimental
duration, the OPCs captured both temporal and spatial variation in
bioaerosol concentrations. Aerosol concentrations were affected by changing
temperatures and wind speeds but, contrary to our initial hypothesis, not
by relative humidity. We detected no effect of the eCO2 treatment on
total bioaerosol concentrations, but a potential suppression of high-concentration bioaerosol events was detected under eCO2. In-canopy
atmospheric dispersion modelling indicates that the median spore dispersion
distance is sufficiently small that there is little mixing between treatment
and control experiments. Our data demonstrate the suitability of low-cost
OPCs, interpreted with due caution, for use in forests and so opens the
possibility of forest bioaerosol monitoring in a wider range of habitats to
a wider range of researchers at a modest cost.
Sclerochronological evidence of pronounced seasonality from the late Pliocene of the southern North Sea basin and its implications
Authors: Johnson Andrew L. A. , Valentine Annemarie M. , Schöne Bernd R. , Leng Melanie J. , Goolaerts Stijn
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Oxygen isotope (δ18O) sclerochronology of benthic marine molluscs provides a means of reconstructing the seasonal range in seafloor temperature, subject to use of an appropriate equation relating shell δ18O to temperature and water δ18O, a reasonably accurate estimation of water δ18O, and due
consideration of growth-rate effects. Taking these factors into account,
δ18O data from late Pliocene bivalves of the southern North Sea basin (Belgium and the Netherlands) indicate a seasonal seafloor range a
little smaller than now in the area. Microgrowth-increment data from
Aequipecten opercularis, together with the species composition of the bivalve assemblage and
aspects of preservation, suggest a setting below the summer thermocline for
all but the latest material investigated. This implies a higher summer
temperature at the surface than on the seafloor and consequently a greater
seasonal range. A reasonable (3 ∘C) estimate of the difference
between maximum seafloor and surface temperature under circumstances of
summer stratification points to seasonal surface ranges in excess of the
present value (12.4 ∘C nearby). Using a model-derived estimate of
water δ18O (0.0 ‰), summer surface temperature was initially in the cool temperate range (<20 ∘C) and then (during the Mid-Piacenzian Warm Period; MPWP) increased into the warm temperate range (>20 ∘C) before reverting to cool temperate values (in conjunction with shallowing and a loss of summer stratification). This pattern is in agreement with biotic-assemblage evidence. Winter temperature was firmly in the cool temperate range (<10 ∘C) throughout, contrary to previous interpretations. Averaging of summer and winter surface temperatures for the MPWP provides a figure for annual sea surface
temperature that is 2–3 ∘C higher than the present value (10.9 ∘C nearby) and in close agreement with a figure obtained by
averaging alkenone and TEX86 temperatures for the MPWP from the
Netherlands. These proxies, however, respectively, underestimate summer
temperature and overestimate winter temperature, giving an incomplete
picture of seasonality. A higher annual temperature than now is consistent
with the notion of global warmth in the MPWP, but a low winter temperature
in the southern North Sea basin suggests regional reduction in oceanic heat
supply, contrasting with other interpretations of North Atlantic
oceanography during the interval. Carbonate clumped isotope (Δ47) and biomineral unit thermometry offer means of checking the
δ18O-based temperatures.
Responses of CIPS/AIM Noctilucent Clouds to the Interplanetary Magnetic Field
Authors: Zhang Liang , Tinsley Brian , Zhou Limin
Published: May 2022

Abstract. This study investigates the link between the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By component and the Noctilucent clouds (NLCs) measured by the Cloud Imaging and Particle Size (CIPS) experiment onboard the Aeronomy of ICE in the Mesosphere (AIM) satellite. The mean ice particle radius in NLCs is found to be positively/negatively correlated with IMF By in the Southern/Northern Hemisphere (SH/NH), respectively, on a day-to-day time scale in most of the 20-summer seasons during the 2007–2017 period with a near 0-day lag time, and the response in the SH is stronger than that in the NH. Moreover, the albedo, ice water content, and frequency of occurrence of NLCs present positive correlation with IMF By in SH but no significant correlation in NH. The superposed epoch analysis (SEA) further indicates the rm on average changes by about 0.73 nm after IMF By reversals, which is significant at 90 % confidence level in Monte Carlo sensitivity tests. Our results suggest an IMF By-driven pathway: the influence of the solar wind on the polar ionospheric electric potential affects the microphysical processes in NLCs, and consequently the ice particle radius and NLC brightness.
Rolling vs. Seasonal PMF: Real-world multi-site and synthetic dataset comparison
Authors: Via Marta , Chen Gang , Canonaco Francesco , Daellenbach Kaspar Rudolf , Chazeau Benjamin , Chebaicheb Hasna , Jiang Jianhui , Keernik Hannes , Lin Chunshui , Marchand Nicolas , Marin Cristina , O'Dowd Colin , Ovadnevaite Jurgita , Petit Jean-Eudes , Pikridas Michael , Riffault Véronique , Sciare Jean , Slowik Jay Gates , Simon Leïla , Vasilescu Jeni , Zhang Yunjiang , Favez Olivier , Prévôt André S. H. , Alastuey Andrés , Minguillón María Cruz
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Particulate Matter (PM) has become a major concern in terms of human health and climate impact. In particular, the source apportionment (SA) of organic aerosols (OA) present in submicron particles (PM1) has gained relevance as an atmospheric research field due to the diversity and complexity of its primary sources and secondary formation processes. Moreover, relatively simple but robust instruments such as the Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) are now widely available for the near real-time online determination of the composition of the non-refractory PM1. One of the most used tools for SA purposes is the source-receptor Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model. Even though the recently developed rolling PMF technique has already been used for OA SA on ACSM datasets, no study has assessed its added value concerning the more common seasonal PMF method from a practical approach yet. In this paper, both techniques were applied to a synthetic dataset and to nine European ACSM datasets in order to spot the main output discrepancies between methods. The main advantage of the synthetic dataset approach was that the methods’ outputs could be compared to the expected ‘true’ values, i.e. the original synthetic dataset values. This approach revealed similar apportionment results amongst methods, but differing with respect to the truth, although the rolling PMF profile adaptability feature has been proven advantageous. Also, these results highlighted the impact of the profile anchor on the solution. In the multi-site study, while differences were generally not significant when considering year-long periods, their importance grew towards shorter time spans, as in intra-month or intra-day cycles. Rolling PMF performed better than seasonal PMF globally for the ambient datasets investigated here as far correlation with external measurements is concerned, especially in periods between seasons. The results of this comparison also support rolling PMF benefits even though output discrepancies with seasonal PMF were scarce. Altogether, the results of this study provide solid evidence of the robustness of both methods and on the overall efficiency of the recently-proposed rolling PMF approach.