bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Especificidade de uma disciplina de interpretação (a análise do discurso no Brasil): alguns apontamentos
Authors: Nascimento Lucas
Published: April 2016

A Análise do Discurso é o modo de leitura dos fenômenos registrados em falas e em textos, que se localizam no espaço da discursividade. Na relação com a língua, a Análise do Discurso compartilha tríplice especificidades que traduzem o seguinte: os funcionamentos sintáticos não se limitam na competência da frase. Os três compartilhamentos são: (1) com a tradição lexicométrica, com estruturas sintáticas sob a sequência de unidades lexicais; (2) com as tradições semiológicase semióticas, a tarefa de apreender e descrever as condições estruturais de existência do sentido; (3) com a perspectiva arqueológica foucauldiana, a tarefa de levar em conta as condições históricas de existência de discursos na sua heterogeneidade, visando reintroduzir explicitamente a problemática da língua (Pêcheux, (1984a) 2011, p. 228). Esses “compartilhamentos” mencionados pelo autor são pensados em relação aos funcionamentos sintáticos no “real da língua” (Pêcheux, 1981). A posição epistemológica da Análise de Discurso de Michel Pêcheux compreende a concepção de língua “como um real específico formando o espaço contraditório do desdobramento das discursividades” (Pêcheux, (1984a) 2011, p. 228). Neste presente trabalho, proponho desenvolver o compartilhamento (3) com a arqueologia (derivada dos pressupostos de Michel Foucault, em especial a obra Arqueologia do Saber, publicada em 1969). Serão exemplos desse compartilhamento pesquisas de Nascimento (2011) e Gregolin; Mazzola (2012). Esses autores adotam as perspectivas teórico-metodológicas de Foucault e de Pêcheux. Com os alertas de Michel Pêcheux sobre as transformações do discurso político e das novas materialidades, este trabalho demonstra alguns desdobramentos promissores no campo do discurso em que diversos objetos linguísticos se inscrevem como materialidades: depoimento (Nascimento, 2011) e charge, e pintura (Gregolin; Mazzola, 2012). A relevância dos compartilhamentos mencionados por Pêcheux (1984a), de interesse à Análise do Discurso, promovem deslocamentos a outras disciplinas que só contribuem ao campo discursivo, em sua tarefa primeira: ler e interpretar textos.
Discurso jurídico e imagens
Authors: Pistori Maria Helena Cruz
Published: April 2016

Este artigo tem o objetivo de tecer considerações a respeito do uso argumentativo de imagens, preferentemente fotografias, em processos judiciais das áreas penal e trabalhista. Partindo da concepção teórico-meto- dológica inspirada na obra de Bakhtin e do Círculo – a Análise Dialógica do Discurso, compreende cada enunciado processual como pertencente a um gênero definido da esfera ideológica do Direito e, como tal, apresentando um conteúdo temático, estilo e forma estrutural próprias; além disso, consti- tuem-se como o projeto discursivo único do enunciador que, eventualmente, nele pode conjugar palavras e imagens na construção persuasiva do sentido. Nos enunciados apresentados, tais conjuntos verbo-visuais constituíram posicionamentos valorativos concordantes ou não, e a análise mostrou as diferentes vozes dos inúmeros discursos que circulam em nossa sociedade.
Transcatheter Myocardial Needle Chemoablation During Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Rogers Toby , Mahapatra Srijoy , Kim Steven , Eckhaus Michael A. , Schenke William H. , Mazal Jonathan R. , Campbell-Washburn Adrienne , Sonmez Merdim , Faranesh Anthony Z. , Ratnayaka Kanishka , Lederman Robert J.
Published: April 2016

Background—

Radiofrequency ablation for ventricular arrhythmias is limited by inability to visualize tissue destruction, by reversible conduction block resulting from edema surrounding lesions, and by insufficient lesion depth. We hypothesized that transcatheter needle injection of caustic agents doped with gadolinium contrast under real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could achieve deep, targeted, and irreversible myocardial ablation, which would be immediately visible.

Methods and Results—

Under real-time MRI guidance, ethanol or acetic acid was injected into the myocardium of 8 swine using MRI-conspicuous needle catheters. Chemoablation lesions had identical geometry by in vivo and ex vivo MRI and histopathology, both immediately and after 12 (7–17) days. Ethanol caused stellate lesions with patchy areas of normal myocardium, whereas acetic acid caused homogeneous circumscribed lesions of irreversible necrosis. Ischemic cardiomyopathy was created in 10 additional swine by subselective transcoronary ethanol administration into noncontiguous territories. After 12 (8–15) days, real-time MRI–guided chemoablation—with 2 to 5 injections to create a linear lesion—successfully eliminated the isthmus and local abnormal voltage activities.

Conclusions—

Real-time MRI–guided chemoablation with acetic acid enabled the intended arrhythmic substrate, whether deep or superficial, to be visualized immediately and ablated irreversibly. In an animal model of ischemic cardiomyopathy, obliteration of a conductive isthmus both anatomically and functionally and abolition of local abnormal voltage activities in areas of heterogeneous scar were feasible. This represents the first report of MRI-guided myocardial chemoablation, an approach that could improve the efficacy of arrhythmic substrate ablation in the thick ventricular myocardium.
Evidence for Integrated Visual Face and Body Representations in the Anterior Temporal Lobes
Authors: Harry Bronson B. , Umla-Runge Katja , Lawrence Andrew D. , Graham Kim S. , Downing Paul E.
Published: April 2016

Research on visual face perception has revealed a region in the ventral anterior temporal lobes, often referred to as the anterior temporal face patch (ATFP), which responds strongly to images of faces. To date, the selectivity of the ATFP has been examined by contrasting responses to faces against a small selection of categories. Here, we assess the selectivity of the ATFP in humans with a broad range of visual control stimuli to provide a stronger test of face selectivity in this region. In Experiment 1, participants viewed images from 20 stimulus categories in an event-related fMRI design. Faces evoked more activity than all other 19 categories in the left ATFP. In the right ATFP, equally strong responses were observed for both faces and headless bodies. To pursue this unexpected finding, in Experiment 2, we used multivoxel pattern analysis to examine whether the strong response to face and body stimuli reflects a common coding of both classes or instead overlapping but distinct representations. On a voxel-by-voxel basis, face and whole-body responses were significantly positively correlated in the right ATFP, but face and body-part responses were not. This finding suggests that there is shared neural coding of faces and whole bodies in the right ATFP that does not extend to individual body parts. In contrast, the same approach revealed distinct face and body representations in the right fusiform gyrus. These results are indicative of an increasing convergence of distinct sources of person-related perceptual information proceeding from the posterior to the anterior temporal cortex.
Miliusa flaviviridis (Annonaceae), a new species from the southern Western Ghats, India
Authors: PAGE NAVENDU V. , POTI MEENAKSHI , RAVIKUMAR KALIAMOORTHY
Published: April 2016

Miliusa Leschenault ex A.DeCandolle (1832: 213) is characterized by a combination of floral characters such as sepaloid outer petals, densely hairy torus (receptacle), stamens with connectives not extending over the thecae and four-part lamellate ruminations of the endosperm (Chaowasku et al. 2013). Miliusa consists of ca. 50 species with four varieties, distributed from India, Sri Lanka and Bhutan to Australia through the Malayan islands, Philippines and Papua New Guinea (Mols & Keßler 2003). Chaowasku et al. (2013) included 27 species in their phylogenetic study and identified four well-supported clades, each characterized by a set of morphological characters. However, none of the species endemic to India was included in their study.
The Effects of Authoritarian Iconography
Authors: Bush Sarah Sunn , Erlich Aaron , Prather Lauren , Zeira Yael
Published: April 2016

Do public images of state leaders affect individuals’ political attitudes and behaviors? If so, why do they have that effect and among whom? Authoritarian iconography could increase compliance with and support for the state via three causal mechanisms: legitimacy, self-interest, and coercion. This article uses a laboratory experiment in the United Arab Emirates to evaluate the effect of public images of state leaders on individuals’ compliance with and support for an authoritarian regime. Using a pre-registered research design, it finds no meaningful evidence that authoritarian iconography increases political compliance or support for the Emirati regime. Although these null results may be due to a number of factors, the findings have important implications for the future research agenda on how and why authoritarian leaders use political culture to maintain power.
Bearing strength of interference-fit pin joined glass fiber reinforced plastic composites
Authors: Kim Sang-Young , He Bin , Kim Dave (Dae-Wook) , Shim Chun Sik , Song Ha Cheol
Published: April 2016

Glass fiber reinforced plastic structures are mostly used in mid-sized marine vessels due to high strength and stiffness to weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and total life cost reductions. Mechanical joints using metallic bolts, screws, and pins are commonly used for joining thick glass fiber reinforced plastic laminates. Interference-fit pin connections provide beneficial effects such as fatigue enhancement and/or prevention of moisture intrusion to the fiber reinforced composites. This numerical and experimental study aims to investigate the effect of interference-fit on the bearing stiffness and strength of pin joined glass fiber reinforced plastic. The stress and strain distributions have been investigated for bearing loading through experiments as well as a nonlinear three dimensional finite element analysis. The quasi-static properties of the pin-loaded composites with interference-fit (0.6% and 1%) are compared with the samples with transition-fit (0% of interference-fit). The radial and the tangential strains on the vicinity of the hole obtained from the FE simulation were verified with the experimental results. The radial strains on the interference-fit pin joined glass fiber reinforced plastic coupons are lower than those on the transition-fit pin joined glass fiber reinforced plastic coupons at the consistent pin displacement, resulting in enhancement of the joint stiffness per unit bearing area by interference-fit.
Ca2+-Dependent Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Regulates Mechanical Stress–Mediated Cartilage Thinning
Authors: Zhu M. , Zhou S. , Huang Z. , Wen J. , Li H.
Published: April 2016

Our previous study identified that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a critical role in chondrocyte apoptosis and mandibular cartilage thinning in response to compressive mechanical force, although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Because the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a primary site of intracellular Ca2+ storage, we hypothesized that Ca2+-dependent ERS might be involved in mechanical stress–mediated mandibular cartilage thinning. In this study, we used in vitro and in vivo models to determine Ca2+ concentrations, histological changes, subcellular changes, apoptosis, and the expression of ERS markers in mandibular cartilage and chondrocytes. The results showed that in chondrocytes, cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) was dramatically increased by compressive mechanical force. Interestingly, the inhibition of Ca2+ channels by ryanodine and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, inhibitors of ryanodine receptors and inositol trisphosphate receptors, respectively, partially rescued mechanical force–mediated mandibular cartilage thinning. Furthermore, chondrocyte apoptosis was also compromised by inhibiting the increase in [Ca2+]i that occurred in response to compressive mechanical force. Mechanistically, the ERS induced by compressive mechanical force was also repressed by [Ca2+]i inhibition, as demonstrated by a decrease in the expression of the ER stress markers 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and 94 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP94) at both the mRNA and protein levels. Collectively, these data identified [Ca2+]i as a critical mediator of the pathological changes that occur in mandibular cartilage under compressive mechanical force and shed light on the treatment of mechanical stress–mediated cartilage degradation.
Natalie Rogers
Authors: O’Hara Maureen
Published: April 2016

Natalie Rogers, humanistic pioneer, creator of Person Centered Expressive Arts, author, and daughter of Helen and Carl Rogers, passed away October 17, 2015, at her home. She raised three daughters, Naomi, Frances, and Janet. In 1970, she moved to the San Francisco Bay Area to establish herself as a psychotherapist, artist, and feminist activist. Her first book, Emerging Woman, offers a candid and heartfelt description of the transition many women were making at that time, from a life defined by the expectations and needs of others to one that sprang from her own deep interiority. Hers was the voice of a generation of women who grew up in the claustrophobic 1950s who were expected to submerge their own potential in favor of their husbands’. In California she developed her own distinct form of transformative practice combining art with psychotherapy, which she called the creative connection. With her father’s encouragement and participation, she went on to create the Person-centered Expressive Therapy Institute and trained practitioners, worldwide. Her books, Creative Connection and Creative Connection for Groups, describe the process. Natalie was a peace activist, feminist, and teacher. She will be remembered for her contribution to humanistic psychology and her fierce yet graceful efforts on behalf of people oppressed, peace, and the environment.
Learning to Teach Intelligible Pronunciation for ASEAN English as a Lingua Franca: A Sociocultural Investigation of Cambodian Pre-service Teacher Cognition and Practice
Authors: Lim Sovannarith
Published: April 2016

English has been referred to as a lingua franca for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). As the region moves towards establishing the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), the diversity of pronunciation of the ASEAN member states is seen as a forefront issue for English language teaching (ELT). From a sociocultural perspective, this study explored teachers’ cognitions about pronunciation instruction and their classroom practice. The findings were based on qualitative data collected from three pre-service non-native English teachers. All the findings were based on these multicultural and multilingual context. Data were obtained from interviews and practicum-teaching observations and were coded and analysed thematically to understand the teachers’ emic perspectives of pronunciation instruction. Four themes emerged from the data and were discussed in relation to the 2015 AEC, based on which I challenge the current status of English as a foreign language in the Cambodian ELT mindset. Briefly, these themes include the teachers’ self-acknowledgement of their own pronunciation, the perceived goal of pronunciation instruction, their approaches to teaching pronunciation and their attitudes towards ASEAN English as a lingua franca (ELF). The article concludes with implications for English language teacher education in Cambodia and beyond and calls for more research to expand the ASEAN ELF literature.
Ability Grouping’s Effects on Grades and the Attainment of Higher Education
Authors: Bygren Magnus
Published: April 2016

To test the effect of ability grouping on grades and the attainment of higher education, this study examines a naturally occurring experiment—an admission reform that dramatically increased ability sorting between schools in the municipality of Stockholm. Following six cohorts of students ( N = 79,020) from the age of 16 to 26, I find a mean effect close to zero and small positive and negative differentiating effects on grades. With regard to the attainment of higher education, I find a mean effect close to zero, the achievement group gap was unaffected, the immigrant–native gap increased, and the class background gap decreased. These results are consistent with much previous research that has found small mean effects of ability grouping. They are inconsistent with previous research, however, in that I find ability grouping’s effects on gaps are rather small and point in different directions.
Interviewing Practices, Conversational Practices, and Rapport
Authors: Garbarski Dana , Schaeffer Nora Cate , Dykema Jennifer
Published: April 2016

“Rapport” has been used to refer to a range of positive psychological features of an interaction, including a situated sense of connection or affiliation between interactional partners, comfort, willingness to disclose or share sensitive information, motivation to please, and empathy. Rapport could potentially benefit survey participation and response quality by increasing respondents’ motivation to participate, disclose, or provide accurate information. Rapport could also harm data quality if motivation to ingratiate or affiliate causes respondents to suppress undesirable information. Some previous research suggests that motives elicited when rapport is high conflict with the goals of standardized interviewing. The authors examine rapport as an interactional phenomenon, attending to both the content and structure of talk. Using questions about end-of-life planning in the 2003–2005 wave of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, the authors observe that rapport consists of behaviors that can be characterized as dimensions of responsiveness by interviewers and engagement by respondents. The authors identify and describe types of responsiveness and engagement in selected question-answer sequences and then devise a coding scheme to examine their analytic potential with respect to the criterion of future study participation. The analysis suggests that responsive and engaged behaviors vary with respect to the goals of standardization; some behaviors conflict with these goals, whereas others complement them.
Partners in the street ballet: An embodied process of person-space coupling in the built environment
Authors: Turner Alasdair
Published: April 2016

The diurnal movements of pedestrians in the built environment are sometimes typified as a ‘street ballet’, where each actor or dancer has their own set role within a larger complex. Every individual in the ballet may have many influences on their behaviour including the physical layout of the environment, cognitive strategies to navigate it, experiential or affective preferences as well as social, economic and political factors, but ultimately each one seems to obey apparently choreographed actions. The aim of this article is to understand whether or not there is in fact an underlying choreography to the ballet, in that certain steps or moves are more likely than others, such that a ‘dance’ through daily life is constructed. To do so, simple automata that use active perception to inhabit the world are evolved against different tasks within the environment, representing different sets of moves that may be taken. It is shown that any evolved automaton appears to embody a mathematical person–space relationship that joins visual affordance with motor action: the convergence of a simple Markov model of visual movement. From the Markov model, a general model of embodied action in the environment is proposed, whereby memory of the dance is ingrained over evolutionary history, such that it forms building blocks for non-discursive action within the built environment and comprises a possible common phenomenological framework.
Trust and online consumer health service success
Authors: Mou Jian , Cohen Jason F.
Published: April 2016

We examine consumers’ early stage trust beliefs for effects on perceptions of information and system quality, later stage trust, satisfaction and usage intentions in the context of online health services. Using a longitudinal research design, data was collected from a sample of undergraduates during two time periods, approximately five weeks apart. Results show that trust in the website influences trust in the e-service provider at both early and later stages. Perceptions of system and information quality depend on trust, while trust and satisfaction are important to continued usage intentions. Results are important for understanding how trust interacts with IS success factors.
Uncoupling of neurovascular communication after transient global cerebral ischemia is caused by impaired parenchymal smooth muscle Kir channel function
Authors: Povlsen Gro Klitgaard , Longden Thomas A , Bonev Adrian D , Hill-Eubanks David C , Nelson Mark T
Published: April 2016

Transient global cerebral ischemia is often followed by delayed disturbances of cerebral blood flow, contributing to neuronal injury. The pathophysiological processes underlying such disturbances are incompletely understood. Here, using an established model of transient global cerebral ischemia, we identify dramatically impaired neurovascular coupling following ischemia. This impairment results from the loss of functional inward rectifier potassium (KIR) channels in the smooth muscle of parenchymal arterioles. Therapeutic strategies aimed at protecting or restoring cerebrovascular KIR channel function may therefore improve outcomes following ischemia.
Metagoverning Collaborative Innovation in Governance Networks
Authors: Sørensen Eva , Torfing Jacob
Published: April 2016

Western liberal governments increasingly seek to improve the performance of the public sector by spurring innovation. New Public Management reforms from the 1980s onward viewed strategic entrepreneurial leadership and public–private competition as key drivers of public innovation. By contrast, the current wave of New Public Governance reforms perceives collaboration between relevant and affected actors from the public and private sector as the primary vehicle of public innovation, and tends to see governance networks as potential arenas for collaborative innovation. The new focus on collaborative innovation in networks poses a fundamental challenge for public managers, elected politicians, and others aiming to metagovern governance networks. Hence, we claim that a specific metagovernance strategy is needed when the purpose of governance networks is to stimulate efficiency, effectiveness, and democratic legitimacy through innovation rather than incremental improvements. The article aims to sketch out the contours of such a strategy by comparing it with more traditional metagovernance strategies. The argument is illustrated by an empirical analysis of an example of collaborative innovation in Danish elderly care.
The quality of diagnosis and management of migraine and tension-type headache in three social groups in Russia
Authors: Lebedeva Elena R , Kobzeva Natalia R , Gilev Denis V , Olesen Jes
Published: April 2016

Background

Three successive editions of the International Classification of Headache Disorders and multiple guideline papers on headache care have described evidence based diagnosis and treatment of headache disorders. It remains unknown, however, to which extent this has improved the diagnosis and management of headache. That was the aim of our study in which we also analysed differences between three social groups in Russia.

Methods

We studied 1042 students (719 females, 323 males, mean age 20.6, age range 17–40), 1075 workers (146 females, 929 males, mean age 40.4, age range 21–67) and 1007 blood donors (484 females, 523 males, mean age 34.1, age range 18–64). We conducted a semi-structured, validated, face-to-face professional interview. Data on prevalence and associated factors have previously been published. A section of the interview focused on previous diagnosis and treatment, the topic of this paper.

Results

Only 496 of 2110 participants (23%) with headache in Russia had consulted because of headache. Students consulted more frequently (35%), workers and blood donors less often (13% and 14%). Only 12% of the patients with ICHD-3beta diagnosis of migraine and 11.7% with ICHD-3beta diagnosis of tension-type headache (TTH) had previously been correctly diagnosed. Triptans were used by only 6% of migraine patients. Only 0.4% of migraine patients and no TTH patients had received prophylactic treatment.

Conclusion

Despite existing guidelines about diagnosis and treatment, both remain poor in Russia. According to the literature this is only slightly better in Europe and America. Dissemination of existing knowledge should have higher priority in the future.
Novel Arthroscopic Classification of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee
Authors: Carey James L. , Wall Eric J. , Grimm Nathan L. , Ganley Theodore J. , Edmonds Eric W. , Anderson Allen F. , Polousky John , Murnaghan M. Lucas , Nissen Carl W. , Weiss Jennifer , Lyon Roger M. , Chambers Henry G. ,   The Research in OsteoChondritis of the Knee (ROCK) Group, Wright Rick W. , Heyworth Benton E. , Peterson Lars , Myer Gregory D. , Shea Kevin G.
Published: April 2016

Background:

Several systems have been proposed for classifying osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee during surgical evaluation. No single classification includes mutually exclusive categories that capture all of the salient features of stability, chondral fissuring, and fragment detachment. Furthermore, no study has assessed the reliability of these classification systems.

Purpose:

To determine the intra- and interobserver reliability of a novel, comprehensive arthroscopic classification system with mutually exclusive OCD lesion types.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The Research in OsteoChondritis of the Knee (ROCK) study group developed a classification system for arthroscopic evaluation of OCD of the knee that includes 6 arthroscopic categories—3 immobile types and 3 mobile types. To optimize comprehensibility and applicability, each was developed with a memorable name, a brief description, a line diagram corresponding to the archetypal arthroscopic appearance, and an arthroscopic photograph depicting this archetype. Thirty representative arthroscopic videos were evaluated by 10 orthopaedic surgeon raters, who classified each lesion. After 4 weeks, the raters again classified the OCD lesions depicted in the 30 videos in a new, randomly selected order. Reliability was assessed via the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results:

The interobserver reliability of this novel arthroscopy classification was estimated by an ICC of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91-0.97) for the first round and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.93-0.98) for the second round. According to the standards for the magnitude of the reliability coefficient of Altman, these ICCs indicate that interobserver reliability was very good. The intraobserver reliability was estimated by an ICC of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.95-0.97), which indicates that the intraobserver reliability was similarly very good.

Conclusion:

The ROCK OCD knee arthroscopy classification system demonstrated excellent intra- and interobserver reliability. In light of this reliability, this classification system may be used clinically and to facilitate future research, including multicenter studies for OCD.
Site and Severity of the Increased Humeral Retroversion in Symptomatic Baseball Players
Authors: Itami Yasuo , Mihata Teruhisa , Shibano Koji , Sugamoto Kazuomi , Neo Masashi
Published: April 2016

Background:

Humeral retroversion in baseball players is greater in the dominant shoulder than in the nondominant shoulder. However, the site and severity of the humeral rotational deformity remain unclear.

Purpose:

To evaluate the site of side-to-side differences in humeral retroversion in baseball players and the severity of these changes through 3-dimensional computed tomographic (3D CT) bone models.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

From 2008 to 2014, we studied 25 baseball players (12 pitchers, 13 fielders) who underwent surgery for throwing-related injuries (shoulder injury, 15 players; elbow injury, 10 players). The mean age (±SD) at the time of surgery was 20.0 ± 5.9 years. A reconstructed 3D CT model of the entire humerus was divided into 15 segments of equal height (overall mean, 21.4 ± 1.0 mm). The side-to-side difference in humeral retroversion in each segment was calculated by superimposing the model of the dominant side over the mirror-image model of the nondominant side.

Results:

The overall mean increase in humeral retroversion was 13.0° ± 6.2° on the dominant side. Significant side-to-side differences in retroversion were present throughout the humerus. The largest side-to-side difference in humeral retroversion was seen at the insertions of the internal rotator muscles (2.5° ± 4.3°) and around the proximal physis (2.5° ± 1.4°). At the insertions of shoulder capsule and rotator cuff tendons, the superior half of the humeral head was more retroverted than the inferior half ( P < .0001). The side-to-side difference in humeral retroversion was significantly greater in the pitchers (16.2° ± 5.1°) than in the fielders (10.0° ± 5.7°) ( P = .009), particularly at the proximal physis.

Conclusion:

Baseball players exhibited significant side-to-side differences in humeral retroversion at multiple sites throughout the humerus, including the proximal humerus near the epiphyseal plate and at the insertions of the internal rotator muscles, the middle of the humeral shaft, and the distal third of the humerus. Therefore, the increased humeral retroversion at multiple sites throughout the humerus needs to be considered when we perform physical examinations, provide treatment, or undertake biomechanical studies for any throwing-related injuries.
Beyond the Latino Essentialist Experience
Authors: Ayala María Isabel , Chalupa Dana
Published: April 2016

This study assesses the relationships across racial and ethnic self-identifications, gender, and college attainment within the Latino group. With the use of data from the basic Current Population Survey (2010-2012), the results indicate that college attainment varies within the Latino sample by racial and ethnic self-identifications even after controlling for cultural, socioeconomic, and demographic factors. Specifically, the results of the logistic analysis indicate that Latinos who self-identify as Asian Hawaiian have higher odds of having a college degree than those who self-identify as White. Interestingly, Latinos who self-classify as Mexican, Puerto Rican, Dominican, and Central American are less likely than Cubans to attain a college degree even after controlling for an array of cultural, socioeconomic, and demographic factors. Contrary to our hypothesis, the effect of gender is not found to be significant. Ultimately, the results provide evidence to the limitations of aggregating the Latino population to understand their college attainment.
Welfare in British merchant seafaring
Authors: Kennerley Alston
Published: April 2016

This overview of the history of welfare in British merchant seafaring opens by re-assessing a number of basic definitions, the subsequent discussions being based on welfare meaning ‘well-being’. This allows the widest number of initiatives and measures to be included. Further, seafarers must be considered with the population as a whole as potential beneficiaries of prevailing general welfare provision ashore. Hence, the first section offers a summary of state welfare provision from Elizabethan poor law to welfare state. Distinguishing the serving seafarer attached to a ship from the seafarer ashore between voyages, the second section considers selected welfare measures having an impact on seafarers at sea such as life-saving equipment, food, accommodation and health, noting that legislative measures had the main impact. The final section considers the seafarer ashore and the impact of voluntary sector organisations on seafarer well-being, but also notes among other measures the state regulation of the engagement process and of licensing and the role of nautical education.
Trading on Chinese shores: The Indo-China Steam Navigation Company and change in the China coastal shipping market, 1880–1900
Authors: McMillan Gregor
Published: April 2016

Using the records of the Indo-China Steam Navigation Company (ICSN) from the Jardine Matheson archive, this article shows that the performance of foreign steamships on the China coast at the end of the nineteenth century was characterised by instability and weakness. Poor market performance is then placed in the context of regionalisation using Imperial Maritime Customs data and the price and market information produced by contemporary British brokering houses and statistics institutions. This article argues that the nature of developments in international shipping meant that the regionalisation of China’s trade did not prevent its incorporation into the global shipping market. Further, market weakness is linked to the failure of ICSN and other Western firms to adapt to a changing paradigm in shipping practice in East Asia. This paradigm is discussed in terms of a development towards a modern and open shipping market on the China coast.
Treatment of ADCY5-Associated Dystonia, Chorea, and Hyperkinetic Disorders With Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Dy Marisela E. , Chang Florence C. F. , Jesus Sol De , Anselm Irina , Mahant Neil , Zeilman Pamela , Rodan Lance H. , Foote Kelly D. , Tan Wen-Hann , Eskandar Emad , Sharma Nutan , Okun Michael S. , Fung Victor S. C. , Waugh Jeff L.
Published: April 2016

ADCY5 mutations have been reported as a cause of early onset hyperkinetic movements associated with delayed motor milestones, hypotonia, and exacerbation during sleep. The movement disorder may be continuous or episodic, and can vary considerably in severity within families and in individuals. The authors report a case series of 3 patients with ADCY5 mutations treated with deep brain stimulation after unsuccessful medication trials. All had extensive imaging, metabolic, and genetic testing prior to confirmation of their ADCY5 mutation. Two of the patients had the c.1252C>T; p.R418W mutation, while the youngest and most severely affected had a de novo c.2080_2088del; p.K694_M696 mutation. All had variable and incomplete, but positive responses to deep brain stimulation. The authors conclude that deep brain stimulation may provide benefit in ADCY5-related movement disorders. Long-term efficacy remains to be confirmed by longitudinal observation. ADCY5 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of early onset hyperkinetic movement disorders, and may respond to deep brain stimulation.
Response to Jeffrey Bishop
Authors: Deng Natalja
Published: April 2016

I respond to Jeffrey Bishop’s article ‘Arts of Dying and the Statecraft of Killing’, in this issue, and in particular to his remarks in support of the claim that assisted death should not be legalised.
Guidance and control system using constrained adaptive backstepping method for space transportation
Authors: Abe Akio , Iwamoto Kohei , Okafuji Yuki , Kanehira Hayato , Sasa Shuichi
Published: April 2016

This study presents a new guidance and control system using a constrained adaptive backstepping method for a space transportation system. In this method, the effects of input saturations by actuator dynamics (e.g. magnitude, rate and bandwidth) are considered to introduce the compensators on the basis of pseudo control hedging. The stability of the proposed entire system is guaranteed by the Lyapunov’ stability theorem. To confirm the realization and robustness of the proposed system, Monte Carlo simulations (MCSs) were performed. In addition, to obtain optimized control performance, a parameter optimization algorithm combined with the MCSs was introduced. Finally, automatic landing simulations using the six degrees-of-freedom nonlinear flight simulation model of the NASA’s Space Shuttle Orbiter were performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Arthroplasty Patients and Their Correlation With Inflammatory and Thrombotic Activation Processes
Authors: Alexander Kyle , Banos Andrew , Abro Schuharazad , Hoppensteadt Debra , Fareed Jawed , Rees Harold , Hopkinson William
Published: April 2016

An imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors is thought to play a major role in the pathophysiology of joint diseases. The aim of this study is to provide additional insights into the relevance of MMP levels in arthroplasty patients in relation to inflammation and thrombosis. Deidentified plasma samples from 100 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty were collected preoperatively, on postoperative day 1, and on postoperative day 3. Tissue inhibitor of MMP 4, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), pro-MMP1, MMP3, MMP9, MMP13, and d-dimer were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. A biochip array was used to profile interleukin (IL) 2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interferon gamma, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and endothelial growth factor (EGF) levels. The levels of MMP1, MMP9, MMP13, and TNF-α were elevated preoperatively in arthroplasty patients when compared to healthy individuals. The concentrations of MMP1 and MMP9 increased slightly in postsurgical samples. d-Dimer levels were elevated preoperatively, increased postoperatively, and started decreasing on postoperative day 3. Significant correlations between MMP9 with TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, and EGF were identified. Elevated preoperative MMP1, MMP9, and MMP13 concentrations suggest that they may play a role in the pathogenesis of arthritis. There is also evidence of increased coagulation activity and possible upregulation of several MMPs postsurgically. Correlation analysis indicates that MMP9 levels may potentially be related to inflammation and thrombosis in arthroplasty patients.
A modal approach for impact sound insulation measurement at low frequency
Authors: Prato Andrea , Schiavi Alessandro , Ruatta Anna
Published: April 2016

In typical laboratory volumes (40–80 m3) and at low frequencies (50–100 Hz), the acoustic field is non-diffuse due to the presence of room modes. Under such conditions, standard sound insulation measurements and descriptors are not adequate to correctly characterize the insulating property of flooring systems, as far as the real perception of annoyance due to modes is concerned. In this article, a new approach focused on room modes, the so-called modal approach, is investigated. New descriptors for the evaluation of modal impact noise and the improvement of modal impact sound insulation along with a new measurement procedure are introduced. In particular, it is shown that results agree with the theoretical curve of structural transmissibility for floating floors. In the future, it will be necessary to introduce normalization terms in order to get repeatable and reproducible values and to improve the uncertainty budget assessment.
Study on mechanical and wear characterization of novel Co30Cr4Mo biomedical alloy with added nickel under dry and wet sliding conditions using Taguchi approach
Authors: Aherwar Amit , Singh Amit , Patnaik Amar
Published: April 2016

This paper investigates the effect of nickel particulate on mechanical behavior and sliding wear performance of novel Co30Cr4Mo alloy for orthopedic hip implant application with and without an introduction of distilled water (i.e. both dry and wet conditions) medium. The mechanical behavior is examined by the micro-hardness tester and the compression testing machine, while the wear performance is analyzed through a pin-on-disc tribometer where the samples slide against a counter disc made up of hardened alloy steel (EN-31) under different operating conditions at room temperature. Scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction are used to examine the surface morphology, worn surface profile, and cross-sectional microstructure of the fabricated alloy (Co30Cr4Mo) composite. In this study, at the beginning, steady state experimental analysis is carried out to find the volumetric wear loss and friction coefficient by varying the sliding velocity and normal load, respectively. After obtaining the steady state results, the Taguchi design of experiment has been conducted followed by statistical analysis of variance to identify the significant factor setting for obtaining better performance output. From the analysis, it is found that by increasing the nickel wt.%, the hardness and the compression strength of the fabricated alloy composites are increased. Furthermore, the fabricated alloy composite with 1 wt.% Ni shows the better wear resistance under different operating conditions in both dry and wet media. This study will give an idea for hip implant application but not direct replacement of human joints. In future, this study may be extended in more detail for biomedical applications for replacement of either human hip implant or animal implant, respectively.
Safety of Nurse-Led Ambulation for Patients on Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Boling Bryan , Dennis Donna R. , Tribble Thomas A. , Rajagopalan Navin , Hoopes Charles W.
Published: April 2016

Purpose:

Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) is an effective therapy in patients with acute lung injury and end-stage lung disease. Although immobility increases the risk of complications, ambulation of patients on VV ECMO is not the standard of care in many institutions. Staff concerns for patient safety remain a barrier to ambulation. In this case series, we present our experience utilizing a nurse-driven ambulatory VV ECMO process to safely rehabilitate patients.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed all VV ECMO cases at our institution between January 1, 2011, and November 1, 2013. Inclusion criteria for this study required patients to be cannulated in the right internal jugular vein and ambulated while on VV ECMO.

Results:

During the period from January 1, 2011, to November 1, 2013, 18 patients (mean age 49 ± 15 years, 12 male) were ambulated while on ECMO. Eight received a transplant and survived to discharge. Of the remaining patients, 4 were successfully weaned from VV ECMO and 6 died following decisions by the family to withdraw care. The mean duration of VV ECMO support was 18 ± 16 days with the maximum duration being 61 days. All patients received physical therapy, range of motion at the bedside, and ambulated in the hospital. There were no patient falls, decannulations, or any other complications related to ambulation.

Conclusion:

The adoption of a nurse-driven program to ambulate patients on VV ECMO is safe and may reduce other complications associated with immobility.
Delayed Graft Function in Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Tugmen Cem , SERT Ismail , Kebabcı Eyup , Murat Dogan Sait , Tanrısev Mehmet , Alparslan Caner , Kılıcaslan Ayna Tulay , Olmez Mustafa , Karaca Cezmi
Published: April 2016

Context:

Although kidney transplantations are routinely performed at many centers in Turkey, the incidence and risk factors associated with delayed graft function (DGF) here have not yet been well defined.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of DGF and its impact on early graft function.

Design:

The medical charts of 154 adult patients who underwent deceased donor kidney transplantation between 2000 and 2014 in a single center were reviewed retrospectively.

Setting:

Delayed graft function-related risk factors for donors, recipients, and the transplant surgery itself were analyzed, and their relation with graft function was evaluated.

Main Outcomes Measures:

The median recipient age was 39 years. The median cold ischemia time (CIT) was 840 minutes (14 hours). The incidence of DGF and acute rejection were 57.8% and 8.4%, respectively. Higher serum creatinine levels at 3, 6, and 12 months were observed in patients with DGF compared to other patients without DGF ( P < .05). Patients with DGF had poor graft function (glomerular filtration rate ≤ 50) at 3 and 6 months ( P < .05), but these correlations were not seen at 12 months ( P = not significant).

Results:

This study showed that DGF was a common and serious problem associated with poor graft functions at 3, 6, and 12 months after transplantation. Extra effort to shorten CIT as an independent risk factor for DGF could have protective effect on graft functions.
Programming in the Sleptsov net language for systems control
Authors: Zaitsev Dmitry , Jürjens Jan
Published: April 2016

In this article, the principles of programming in the Sleptsov net language are further developed with respect to the restrictions on the control flow and its composition with data. The conditions of correctness of Sleptsov net programs are formulated in the form of additional restrictions on copying parameters of modules and using global variables. Flags are added for correct manipulation by shared data. In the general case without restrictions on the program composition rules, the problem is reduced to the soundness of workflow nets with shared resources; there are several useful particular cases when the algorithm complexity is polynomial. Examples of Sleptsov net programs for the fast solution of production control tasks are presented.
Circulating health rumors in the ‘Arab World’: A 12-month content analysis of news stories and reader commentary about Middle East Respiratory Syndrome from two Middle Eastern news outlets
Authors: Auter Philip J , Douai Aziz , Makady Heidi , West Chasah
Published: April 2016

The Internet provides great opportunity for news as well as entertainment. One such use is to keep abreast of public health concerns. As news outlets’ websites give the audience the privilege of interacting and posting comments as an ‘anonymous user’ following the posted story, these initial comments trigger further comments—which can lead to speculation, rumor, and inaccurate information. The purpose of the current study was to compare one year of news and comments about the outbreak of Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome from two major Middle Eastern online news outlets from June 2013 to June 2014. All stories and reader comments about this topic were collected from Al Jazeera and Al-Arabiya and reviewed using framing analysis to determine their framing and approach to the outbreak. The research focused primarily on how discussion and rumor may spread through both the stories as well as the controversial commentary sections.
‘I believe they felt attacked’. Discursive representation and construction of interculturality in Spanish news television
Authors: Pineda Antonio , García-Jiménez Leonarda , Rodrigo-Alsina Miquel
Published: April 2016

This article discusses the representation of interculturality in the media. Interculturality, the interaction between two different cultures, has taken on greater importance in the social and human sciences. However, in the field of media communications the representation of interculturality has not received much attention. Thus, we are interested in analysing the media representation of interculturality in Spanish television news. We analyse the discursive construction of interculturality in news programs, and we go into depth as to how the conflictual kind of interculturality is represented. To achieve this, critical discourse analysis is used, applying the concepts of lexicalisation, propositional structures, topics, polarisation and focus. Results indicate that in public and private stations alike, interculturality is shown as a polarised interaction between a dominant in-group and a minority out-group, and it is defined by the status quo. However, Spanish television portrays a conflictual interculturality that is not limited to disagreement.