bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on clinical, radiological, and histopathological correlation of lung cancer
Authors: Chauhan Aslam , Rathva Pyarpinkesh , Kharadi Rajendra , Vidja Jaydip
Published: February 2023

Background: In developed countries, lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death for both men and women. In the last three decades, its incidence and mortality rates have decreased. Contrary to this, lung cancer remains a major cause of death and incidence in developing nations. Smoking is responsible for most lung cancer deaths.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the clinical presentations, the radiological and histopathological appearance of lung cancer and various factors contributing to lung cancer.

Materials and Methods: All clinically suspicious patients who came to SSG hospital were sent for radiological and histopathological confirmation for lung cancer. Hence, a total of 50 patients were selected during the period of December 2020–December 2021.

Results: Out of the total of 50 cases, male to female ratio was 4.5:1. The prevalence of smoking was 66% (n = 33). All smokers were male. The most common histological subtype was Squamous cell carcinoma (n = 25.50%), followed by adenocarcinoma (n = 15.30%) and small cell carcinoma in 10 patients (20%). The most common metastasis was lymph node metastasis (n = 9.43%), followed by liver metastasis (n = 4.19%) and vertebral metastasis (n = 4.19%). Smoking is the principal risk factor for lung cancer.

Conclusion: Histologically, squamous cell carcinoma remains the most common. A poor prognosis is associated with patients who were diagnosed late in the disease. Hence, smoking cessation program and screening program for the detection of lung cancer are essential.
Online better for revision and offline better for motivation? - perspectives of online learning in undergraduate medical students in India
Authors: Kansara Gaurav , Anandpara Gaurang , Agravatt Ashishkumar , Modi Richa , Modi Anuj
Published: February 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic forced many institutions to unexpectedly adopt online learning methods to teach their students. As students’ perspectives are vital to be understood to determine whether any teaching learning method is optimum for implementation, we conducted a questionnaire-based study of students of a medical college.

Aims and Objectives: The objective of this research study was to gain a better understanding of problems concerned with online learning methods.

Materials and Methods: Undergraduate 1st year medical students of four different medical colleges of India were the participants. After ethical committee permission, responses were invited for a Google form’s questionnaire. Students were asked in detail about their choices.

Results: Most students preferred the offline mode of study over the online mode. Majority of students preferred to keep their own camera off during online lectures. Biochemistry subject was considered comparatively easier and Anatomy was considered difficult to learn in online mode compared to offline mode. Few students felt comfortable with online learning of more than 5 h daily. Concentration in classes was difficult, deemed more difficult for online classes and majority of students felt a lack of motivation in online learning.

Conclusions: Institutes using the online mode of learning need to address student’s problems before they mandate certain rules like keeping students’ videos on. Lack of motivation and screen fatigue are common problems among students which needs to be addressed by counseling or mentoring if necessary. Subject specific preferences of students need to be taken care of.
Computed tomography-based evaluation for normal adrenal gland size independent of body weight in dogs
Authors: Yoshikawa Ryutaro , Yoshikawa Fumitaka , Goto Sho , Iwasaki Ryota , Mori Takashi
Published: February 2023

Background: Computed tomography (CT) is useful for evaluating the anatomical position of the adrenal gland and the presence of adrenal tumor (AT) metastasis or vascular invasion from ATs.
Aim: To determine a weight-independent reference for adrenal gland size in normal dogs using CT.
Methods: The medical records database of Gifu University was searched for data collected from April 2010 to December 2015 for records of dogs that underwent abdominal CT. The CT images were retrospectively analyzed using a Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine viewer. The ratios of the minor axes of the adrenal glands to the height of the spinal cavity were investigated.
Results: In total, 939 dogs were included. The left and right adrenal minor axes showed a moderate positive correlation with body weight (right: r = 0.61, p < 0.05; left: r = 0.54, p < 0.05). The L4 spinal cavity height showed a strong positive correlation with body weight (r = 0.82, p < 0.05). The left and right adrenal minor axis/L4 spinal cavity ratio did not correlate with body weight (right: r = 0.02, p = 0.53; left: r = −0.082, p < 0.05). The 95% confidence intervals of the adrenal minor axis/L4 spinal cavity ratios were as follows: right: 0.5–1.3 and left: 0.5–1.4.
Conclusion: These results indicate that the adrenal minor axis/L4 spinal cavity ratio can be used as an index of adrenal gland size that is not affected by body weight. Patients in whom the adrenal minor axis/L4 spinal cavity ratio exceeds the upper limit (right 1.3, left 1.4) may have adrenal swelling.
A meta-analysis of the mastitis vaccination efficacy in dairy cattle
Authors: Mata Fernando , Jesus Meirielly , Pinto Ricardo , Mata Andreia
Published: February 2023

Background: Mastitis is the most important disease in dairy cattle with impact in welfare of animals and the economy of the dairy farming activity. Attempts have been made to produce vaccines to prevent the disease, however results have been dubious.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the mastitis vaccination in dairy cattle by merging several trials to allow evidence synthesis.
Methods: A list of publications with common methodological grounds was selected to allow a quantitative comparison in a meta-analysis with moderators.
Results: A mixed methods model (P< 0.001), with four significant moderators was successfully fitted: “year of publication” (P< 0.001), “vaccination timing” (P< 0.01), “type of animal” (P< 0.001) and “vaccine fabrication” (P< 0.001). The model is homogeneous (P> 0.05), with the moderators explaining the variability. Efficacy decreases over time. Vaccines applied after calving show inefficacy (log risk ratio 1.72 [1.34, 2.21]), and applied before calving show reduced efficacy (log risk ratio 0,86 [0.72, 1.03]). Commercial vaccines don’t show efficacy (log risk ratio 1,07 [0.94, 1.22]). Self-fabricated vaccines show efficacy (log risk ratio [0.51, 0.94]. Conclusion: Full clarification of efficacy is not shown; however, if vaccination is used, must follow a pre-calving protocol. While not showing efficacy, the vaccination has demonstrated a reduction of the severity in clinical cases, rate of culling, and has increased the production of milk and milk solids. Vaccination may improve health and welfare but does not prevent the disease effectively; It must be seen as an additional tool to the traditional preventive measures.
Oral administration of an integrative supplement (CogniCaps®) improves cognitive scores in aging dogs with canine cognitive dysfunction for at least two months: An open-label investigation in ten dogs.
Authors: Dewey Curtis , Rishniw Mark , sakovitch kasie , Hollenbeck Jordan
Published: February 2023

Background: Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD), the dog analog of human Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that presents many treatment challenges. There are few effective drugs with acceptable side effects for AD/CCD, which has prompted investigation into non-drug options, collectively termed nutraceuticals. Nutraceutical supplements are conceptually divided into conventional (Western) and non-conventional (Eastern) ingredients. Many of these individual supplements have shown in vitro and/or in vivo efficacy in ameliorating neuronal damage in rodent models, and some have demonstrated positive effects on cognition in rodent models and clinical trials in dogs and humans with cognitive impairment.
Aim: The purpose of this open-label clinical trial was to investigate the effect of an oral integrative (combination of conventional nutraceuticals and Chinese herbals) supplement (CogniCaps®) on cognitive scores when administered to aging dogs with CCD over a 2-month period.
Methods: Ten older (>9-year-old) dogs with presumptive CCD and moderate (16-33) or severe (>33) cognitive scores were recruited and administered oral CogniCaps® for two months. No additional drugs or nutraceuticals directed at improving cognitive function were allowed during the study period. Baseline cognitive scores were compared with those procured at 30 and 60 days. Cognitive scores for baseline, 30- and 60-days post-treatment were compared.
Results: Cognitive scores improved at 30 days (37% reduction) and 60 days (41% reduction) post-treatment (p=0.002). Scores did not differ between 30-and 60-day assessments (p=0.7).
Conclusion: The results of this small study suggest that the integrative supplement CogniCaps® might improve cognitive scores in dogs with CCD within the first 30 days of administration and that this improvement is sustained at 60-day follow up.
Development of unconventional treatments for mastitis in dairy cattle
Authors: Kukeeva Aigerim , Abdrakhmanov Talgat , Akhmetov Aibar , Terklibaev Askar , Kamsaev Kanat
Published: February 2023

Background: The increase in the intensity of livestock industries, by improving the technology of animal products manufacturing, largely depends on the correct organisation of herd reproduction and the intensity of using the biological capabilities of the animal organism. Various diseases, including such common diseases as mastitis, complicate the successful reproduction and growth of enterprise productivity. The widespread use of antibiotic-containing drugs for the treatment of mastitis creates a number of inevitable consequences for the body. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the residual content of antibiotics in the collected milk after the course of treatment poses a serious danger to human health and reduces the quality of dairy products obtained from such milk.
Aim: In this regard, the authors set the task of developing a new, antibiotic-free method of treating bovine mastitis. This paper is devoted to the problem of improving methods of treating the subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle by alternative methods during the interlactation period.
Methods: The leading method for the study of this problem is an experimental method that allows to develop and test a veterinary homeopathic substance for the treatment of subclinical mastitis in cows during the interlactation period.
Results: The paper presents materials on the typification of microflora in the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis and the effectiveness of a veterinary homeopathic substance developed by the authors. The use of the veterinary homeopathic substance provided a high therapeutic effect, did not cause side effects and complications in cows.
Conclusion: The resulting veterinary substance was tested and introduced into the “Izhevskiy” natural complex of Akmola region as a new alternative method of treating subclinical mastitis in cows. Based on this substance, a drug for the treatment of mastitis will be developed and proposed for production.
Investigation on the Status of Children with Mental Disorders
Authors: Zeng Qijia , Ping Kai
Published: February 2023

Children with mental disabilities are one of the large special groups in China, which has been concerned by all walks of life. This paper combined with literature research and field investigation, found that the current rehabilitation methods of children with mental disorders, but the systematic research is less, and put forward children with mental disorders face "slow mental development, emotional sensitivity, lack of social ability, limited family support", with "accompanying education, professional training, return to normal life" and other requirements.
The Estimation of outliers in cognitive networks spectrum sensing
Authors: Qazi Awais Salman , Mahmood Sajid , Rehman Attiq Ur , Ahmad Waqas
Published: February 2023

The choice of this topic was influenced from the concept that statistical analysis of different attributes representing certain endpoints of behavior during radio communication in cognitive networks was necessary to study the outliers occurring in those parameters. The importance of cognitive radio is explained in detail in the literature review section of this paper. The purpose of this report is to do an overview of emerging patterns in cognitive radio networks and seek an understanding of data by learning what kind of attributes that display outliers during estimation. During the course of this research, it has come to light that study of outliers require preprocessing of data during which certain anomalies of data are studied and then removed thus optimizing the dataset. In the process, two major attributes SNR and Lambda have emerged and statistically shown a pattern that helped with the estimation of outliers.

Key words: SNR, Lambda, Outliers, PU, SU, CRs.
Application of IOT and Machine Learning in Smart Agriculture System
Authors:   SVKM’s NMIMS, MPSTME Shirpur, India, Vishnani Palash , Singh Shreesh , Sharma Yatharth
Published: February 2023

Agriculture is the most crucial and vital occupation in India since it balances both the human population's need for food and the supply of essential raw materials for numerous industries. The development of creative farming methods is gradually increasing crop output, increasing its profitability and lowering irrigation waste. The suggested model is a smart irrigation system that uses machine learning to estimate how much water a crop would need. The three most important variables to consider when estimating the amount of water needed in each agricultural crop are moisture, temperature, and humidity. This system consists of sensors for temperature, humidity, and moisture that are placed in an agricultural field and relay data via a microprocessor to a cloud-based IoT device. To effectively forecast outcomes, the decision tree method, a powerful machine learning technique, is applied to data collected from the field. Farmers receive a mail alert with the findings of the decision tree algorithm, which aids in making decisions on water supply in advance. Index Terms-- Irrigation System, IoT, Soil Moisture, Temperature, Humidity, Decision Tree Algorithm, Mail alert.
Text Generator using GPT2 Model
Authors:   Veltech Hightech Dr.Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College,Avadi,, R Roshini , A Preethi , C Arulmozhi , P Sivaganga
Published: February 2023

Abstract- GPT-2 is state of art algorithm transfer learning with respect to nlp task we can do it like text summarizationand many more applications. The text generation application programming interface is supported by a large-scale unsupervised language model capable of generating paragraphs of text This transformer-based language model, based on OpenAI's GPT-2 model, accepts a sentence or partial sentence as input and predicts subsequent text. GPT-2 uses input textto set the initial context for further text generation. The length of an input string can range from few words to a maximumsequence length of 1024 tokens. The longer an initial input, the more subject context is provided to a model. Generally, longer inputs produce a more coherent text output. It was specifically trained to guess the next word in sentences. GPT-2 isa massive model that contains a massive amount of compressed knowledge from various parts of the internet. It can be usedto forecast the likelihood of a sentence. The model learns an internal representation of the English language, which it can then use to extract features useful for subsequent tasks. We have used a tkinter which is a GUI to display the generated output. Keywords—Text generation, Graphical User Interface, gpt2 transformer,Open AI,tkinter,
A Baseline Survey on Information and Communication Strategic Plan for Polytechnic Libraries in North-East, Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Mustapha , Kukuri Garba Gambo , Mamu Madaki Abdullahi
Published: February 2023

The role of Information Technology (IT) in Academic Libraries can never be over-emphasized, as the general standard of education continues to deteriorate; there is a need to look for ways of improving teaching and learning system in the Nigeria educational system. This research aimed at using Information and Technology Strategic plan for Polytechnics Libraries. Questionnaires will be used for the collection of data from the mentioned region; statistical computations will be used for the data analysis. The expected results of the study will show how learning environment will be impacted with the use of IT and as well as learning behaviors in educational institutes. It is be observed that students with high interactions profile have the high chance of learning success; while students with low number of interactions are at risk of failing their course of study, however these marginal differences will be overcome if IT tools are used effectively. Based on the expected results, strategic planning will aid in solving most of the learning processes in Academic libraries more especially in Polytechnic system. Keywords: Strategic Plan, Information technology (IT), Academic libraries, Technology.
REGIONAL ANALYSIS OF PRADHAN MANTRI MUDRA YOJANA
Authors:   Department of Economics, Ranchi University, Ranchi – 834001,  Jharkhand, India, Kumari Dr. Neelu , Sinha Nimisha
Published: February 2023

Financial Inclusion is one of the most treasured strategies in India. Our monetary arrangement has dependably been driven by a basic plan of practical and comprehensive development. The primary point behind the monetary consideration is to cover the entire population under monetary administrations. The government of India (GOI) has introduced some of the major steps to “fund the unfunded” micro enterprises segment. One of the initiatives taken by the Government of India (GOI)is the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY)which plays an important role in achieving success in financial inclusion. The idea behind the scheme is to provide a credit requirement to small businesses of up to 10 lakhs. This research paper includes an overview of PMMY and a region-wise performance analysis of the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana. Financial inclusion through PMMY would be instrumental to bring economic change to society. MUDRA is the ‘Micro Unit Development and Refinance Agency’. This yojana is a reform measure taken by the Government of India to boost the financial condition of micro small and medium enterprises (MSME). The financial initiative taken in the form of the MUDRA scheme will facilitate the micro units and will be able to provide credits and funds to develop their small businesses. Keywords: MUDRA, Regional Analysis, Performance, PMMY, SHISHU, KISHOR, TARUN,Schemes.
Resilience, Stress, Self-Compassion, Self Esteem and Financial Well Being Among Corporate Employees
Authors: Geh Gary
Published: February 2023

The well-being of employees has become an increasingly important topic for organizations, as it has been linked to a range of positive outcomes such as increased job satisfaction, productivity, and employee engagement. By examining the connections between resilience, stress, self-compassion, self-esteem, and financial wellbeing among corporate employees, this study hopes to add to the increasing body of research in this area. A total of 60 corporate employees in the age 25-45 were collected. Standardized scales were used to measure resilience, stress, self-compassion, self-esteem & financial well-being. The results found out a significant negative correlation of stress with resilience. Self-esteem had a significant positive correlation to resilience but negative significant correlation with stress whereas self-compassion was significantly negatively correlated with stress and significantly positively correlated with self-esteem. Financial well-being came out to be significantly positively correlated with resilience and self-esteem, both. Organizations should emphasize employee wellbeing by fostering work-life balance, establishing a good work environment, promoting a culture of health and wellness, and giving access to mental health resources, such as an Employee Assistance Program (EAP)
Biosafety of Botanicals to Trichogrammatoidea Bactrae Nagaraja
Authors: Murthy Jasti Sri  Vishnu , Satpute N. S. , Undirwade D. B. , Bhalkare S. K.
Published: February 2023

Bioassay was conducted with nine botanical extracts at various concentrations viz., azadirachtin 300ppm, 1500ppm, 3000ppm, 10000ppm, neem seed oil 1%, 2%, 3%, neem seed extract 5% and dashparniark 4% on Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in completely randomized design. Assessment of these on % parasitization, reduction in parasitism and adult emergence of T. bactrae on Corcyra eggs was done. The results revealed that dashparniark (ten plant leaves extract) 4% was found safer with maximum parasitization (53.3%) and minimum reduction in parasitization (27.9%). Azadirachtin 10000ppm was found harmful resulting in reduced parasitization (12.6%) and adult emergence (32.6%); and maximum reduction in parasitism (82.9%) on Corcyra eggs was observed. Maximum % adult emergence was recorded when parasitized eggs were treated with neem seed oil 1% (64.3%).
A Sogdian Fragment from the Dunhuang Fund of the IOM, RAS
Authors: Chunakova Olga M.
Published: February 2023

The article presents a translation and interpretation of a previously unpublished two-sided Sogdian fragment (written on Chinese scroll DHN [Russian: ДХН] 5966 from the Dunhuang Collection of the IOM, RAS), which contains a prosaic text on the Verso side and a Manichaean hymn on the Recto side of the manuscript.
Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithm in Various Datasets
Authors: Doulah Md. Siraj-Ud- , Islam Md. Nazmul
Published: February 2023

Machine learning is one of the fast-growing areas of computer science, with far-reaching applications. There are several applications for machine learning. The most significant of which is supervised learning. Supervised learning is common in classification problems. In this study, frequently used twelve machine learning algorithms are considered: NB, LDA, LR, ANN, SVM, K-NN, HT, DT, C4.5, CART, RF and BB. We apply these algorithms on seven datasets. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of the machine learning algorithms on both binary and multiple classification problems using a variety of performance metrics: accuracy, kappa statistic, precision, recall, specificity, F-measure, MAE, RMSE and MCC. Here, we found that RF algorithm proved to have the best performance in three out of seven datasets. But the other four algorithms: NN, NB, BB and LR also performed well.
Public Education Expenditure and Economic Growth: an Econom Etric Analysis
Authors: Rana Subhasmita
Published: February 2023

The study shows the dynamics of expenditure on education and economic growth in all the major Indian states both in the short run and long run though our study that satisfies the long run association by Johansen cointegration. The study is used panel data from 1990 to 2022. The panel error correction supports the long-term Granger causality between expenditure on education and economic growth in all the states. Here the value is negative and significant and the coefficient 0.731 is showing the speed of adjustment towards equilibrium. So, we can state the speed is 7.31% per year adjustment towards equilibrium. However, there is no short-run Granger causality witnessed from educational expenditure to economic growth. It is evident that only in long-run educational expenditure has a significant impact on economic growth. In the short term, expenditure on education does not Granger cause economic growth. Therefore, the study confirms that in short run expenditure on education does not cause economic growth while in the long term it causes economic growth in the major Indian states.
The National Pensions Act, 2008 (Act 766) and Challeges of Pension Fund Administration in Ghana
Authors: Appiah Prince Ofosu
Published: February 2023

The recent reformation in Ghana’s pensions space introduced the three-tier pension scheme underpinned by the National Pensions Act, 2008 (Act766) under the regulatory authority of the NPRA. Seeking to redress inherent challenges, the transformational shift effected by the former yielded the incorporation of private sector through inclusion of approved corporate trustees, fund managers, fund custodians and other service providers. However, despite the new scheme’s attenuation of key lapses and challenges of the previous regime, there still exist predicaments that are reflective of the later. By employing secondary and other forms of empirical data, this research explores significant shortfalls observed in the management of various schemes (DB and DC) intertwined with sections of the Act 766 that require reconsideration. The upshot of this research reveals the retarded performance of the Defined Benefit Scheme as opposed to the stupendous attainments of the Defined Contributory Scheme. Findings pertaining to inadequate coverage of schemes, perceived bureaucracy, payment of benefits, monthly remittances, and defaulted employers as well as exclusions from the three-tier pension scheme, suggest that extra work must be embarked on to make pension delivery effective and efficient. The paper therefore proposes rudimentary review of certain controversial provisions under the Act 766 coupled with strict adherence to various guidelines pertaining to the regulatory and administrative functions of stakeholders.
Evaluation of species-specific tree density and height interpreted from airborne digital stereo imagery in young boreal stands in Northwestern Ontario
Authors: Reid Douglas E.B. , Hagens Jevon
Published: February 2023

Monitoring silviculture through accurate assessment of the density and height of trees in young (10–25 years) stands is a critical component of sustainable forest management. Reporting species composition and height of young stands that regenerate after harvest and renewal treatments ensures planned targets have been achieved. In the boreal regions of Ontario, operational assessment of young stand conditions is conducted using qualitative visual and/or higher cost quantitative plot-based field assessments. High resolution three-dimensional digital imagery can be collected using manned aircraft across large forest management areas for stereo-photo interpretation. Our objective was to evaluate the accuracy of stereo-photo interpretation of species-specific tree counts and height in plots in digital imagery, and the effect of resolution on interpretation accuracy. Digital imagery (7-cm and 10-cm resolution) was acquired across nine stands representing common regeneration types. Prior to imagery acquisition, marked plots were established and assessed in the field; 177 plots were used in the analysis. Higher resolution imagery improved accuracy of total and conifer tree counts and conifer heights. Interpreted counts of white birch trees and height estimates of deciduous stems were not accurate using the leaf-off imagery, and interpreters could not differentiate spruce from fir.
Alucinaciones secundarias a tratamiento en paciente con Parkinson
Authors: Rubio López Juan María
Published: February 2023

La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) se puede considerar como la segunda enfermedad neurodegenerativa en cuanto a prevalencia se refiere. La EP es una enfermedad de carácter crónico que evoluciona en fases consecutivas, con un diagnóstico inicial insidioso y de manejo complejo para el médico de Atención Primaria. En este artículo presentamos un caso de una interacción medicamentosa poco estudiada entre fármacos antidepresivos y antiparkinsonianos. La paciente acudió a revisión de neurología y, en un ajuste de medicación realizado por el compañero de neurología, se añadió rasalagina a su tratamiento habitual (levodopa/carbidopa) y ello creó a la paciente un cuadro de alucinaciones. Tras un estudio pormenorizado del caso, se llegó a la conclusión de que la rasalagina debía ser retirada y el cuadro neurológico de alucinaciones remitió.

Palabras clave: alucinaciones, interacciones medicamentosas, depresión, enfermedad de Parkinson.
“Jake Leg” and a Modern Tragedy of the Marketplace
Authors: Higgins Thomas
Published: February 2023

Well-intentioned but ultimately misguided actions over recent decades have contributed to today’s opioid epidemic. Pain was promoted as the “fifth vital sign” as pharmaceutical manufacturers encouraged more liberal prescriptions of new and supposedly safer formulations. When addiction issues became apparent, the pendulum swung toward restricting prescriptions, constraining “street” supply of pharmaceutical opioids. The unintended consequence was creation of new and highly efficient drug distribution pipelines with synthetic opioids to fill market demand. The result has been an epidemic of opioid fatalities, which worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article draws parallels between the current opioid epidemic and a previous tragedy of the marketplace created by Prohibition in the 1920s.
BIOELEMENT CORRELATIONS IN BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Stepanova Evgeniya M. , Lugovaya Elena A.
Published: February 2023

In order to emphasize the distribution of chemical elements (ChE) in biological environments, we determined hair and blood chemical concentrations in forty-seven male volunteers aged 19-23, who were divided into two groups: athlete and control. Atomic emission analysis showed stable deficiencies, which is commonly characteristic of northerners (I, Co, Mg, Se, Ca). More correlations existed in hair samples than in blood, which again proves that blood is a more dynamic environment of the body while hair is a better substrate for assessing either element deficiency or excess. When creating correlations, we could trace a number of features of elemental bonds in the hair and whole blood samples as they form with the same people. The correlation structure proved to be different in individuals who experienced regular exercising and those not involved in doing sports. The following relations were common in structures of the hair element systems shown by both athlete and control subjects: Al/Pb, Al/Sn, As/Cr, As/Li, As/Pb, As/Sn, B/Li, B/Na, B/Pb, Ca/Mg, Ca/Mn, Cd/Na, Cd/Ni, Cd/Pb, Cd/Sn, Cr/Ni, Cr/Pb, Cr/Sn, Fe/Mn, Fe/Zn, Li/Na, Li/Pb, Mg/Mn, Mg/P, Na/Pb, Na/V, Ni/Pb, Ni/Sn, Pb/V.
CLIMATICALLY DETERMINED MORPHODYNAMIC PROCESSES IN THE VALLEY SYSTEM OF THE HIGH TATRAS (SLOVAKIA)
Authors: Hresko Juraj , Cajkova Silvia , Bugar Gabriel , Piscova Veronika , Sitkova Zuzana
Published: February 2023

Declared knowledge about climate change and related meteorological anomalies have a direct or indirect influence on the current evolution of relief, soils, hydrological regime, vegetation, and from animals to ecosystems. Changes are occurring in the conditions of the high mountain landscape, which we understand as part of natural evolution, but it is evident that their genesis has both global and local causes. The valley systems of the northeastern part of the High Tatras exhibit several processes that indicate changing climate conditions, especially in the context of their frequency and randomness of occurrence. Over the last twenty years, several manifestations of abrupt processes have occurred in the High Tatras that can be considered a result of a changing climate. In particular, these have been water-gravity processes associated with intense rainfall, practically from the Montane to the Alpine vegetation stage. Flood activity in the valleys, both on the northern and the southern sides of the mountains, is also linked to precipitation anomalies. Avalanches and, indirectly, landslides and destruction of the soil-vegetation cover are associated with the effects of sudden snowmelt. The effects of windstorms, particularly on the destruction of forest cover, which in turn triggers the development of slope-gravity processes, constitute a relatively separate chapter. The aim of this paper is to show the connection between these difficult to predict processes and the current climate evolution in the conditions of the highest mountain range of the Western Carpathians.
ECONOMIC VALUE OF PUBLIC SPACE
Authors: Ozola Inta , Sproge Lilita , Libkovska Una
Published: February 2023

As the population of metropolitan areas grows, so does the need for private and public outdoor space. In turn, in some EEA (European Economic Area) countries, urban populations are declining, reducing outdoor requirements, and increasing the potential for biodiversity or land degradation. The understanding of private property and its value is constantly evolving and improving. Private property and public outdoor space can mean both concepts or be considered separately. The aim of research on the economic value of urbanized public outdoor space was to conduct literature knowledge appropriate to the research topic. The method of literature analysis is used in the research. The research is carried out by providing an overview of the significant publications in the research of the topic (citation context analysis), identifying the most frequently used terms, as well as the latest theoretical findings, and definitions. As a result of the research, it has been concluded that several other terms are used in research on public outdoor space - public realm, green space, etc. On the other hand, the public good is characterized by the availability of its use to all members of society and its use is free of charge; however, some authors of recent publications explain this understanding of the concept in a different context. The problem with public outdoor space as a public good is that property maintained by the state and local governments is maintained with public funding, and its free value in the context of the public good is a rather conceptual assumption, and so on. In order to continue the study of the value of public outdoor space, it is important to create an understanding of the use and meaning of the concepts, which are analyzed in this study.
LAND TAKE IN NATURA 2000 SITES ON THE MIDDLE COURSE OF SOME? RIVER, ROMANIA
Authors: Nita Adrian , Peteley Attila , Mara Vasile , Horvath Alpar , Balint-Balint Lorant
Published: February 2023

The aim of the article was to assess the importance of Natura 2000 sites in halting land take, given that the European Commission has set itself the target of reducing land take in the EU to zero by 2050. In the surveyed area, land take is primarily a consequence of the economic activities carried out and of their pace and intensity; the density of housing also puts pressure on the phenomenon through the permanent expansion of the built-up area of the settlements (the brown belt), especially in the economically effervescent villages. The methodology consisted of field and laboratory activities resulting in an assessment of the land use of Natura 2000 sites, of the juridical status of the land, and of the changes in land use in the ten years since their implementation. There were identified the economic activities responsible for the occupation of the territory, the degree to which it occurs and the preferred locations of the phenomenon, thus creating the premise for their reorganization and the removal of their effects. The categories of land most affected by land take and their positioning in relation to topography, human settlements and main routes were also identified. The results of our study can be compared with other regions with the same geographical characteristics, in order to introduce a more stringent set of species and habitat conservation measures, aimed at reducing land take to zero.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY ICHTHYOLOGICAL AND GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF THE DURANKULAK LAKE, NORTHERN BULGARIAN BLACK SEA COAST
Authors: Bekova Radoslava , Prodanov Bogdan , Lambev Todor
Published: February 2023

The Durankulak Lake is the northernmost Bulgarian Black Sea lagoon. The hydrological regime of the lake is, for the most part, the inflow of water in karst underground cracks. Over the years, the rare cases of digging a sea-lake canal have been a significant cause of the oligohaline estuarine wetlands nature of the water body. The publication aims to present current research on the structure of the lake bottom, the heart of the substrate and changes over the years, using data from a multi-beam echo sounder and side-scan sonar, as well as new data for ichthyological fauna. In the period 2020-2021, the lake was monitored, including key physicochemical indicators, which indicate an increase in the period of eutrophication due to changes in climatic conditions and the impact of anthropogenic pressure. The average salinity of lake waters is approximately 2 ppm salinity, with a maximum at the end of summer - 4 ppm salinity and a minimum in spring - 1 ppm salinity. The average data of the other physicochemical indicators are the following: T�C-13.5, pH-8.48, O2 ml/ - 7.52 for the period 2019 - 2021. The hydrological and hydromorphological features of Durankulak Lake are crucial for the composition of its fish fauna, which is mainly composed of freshwater and brackish forms. The fish that inhabit the year-round Durankulak Lake belong to several faunal complexes. In the first place is the complex of primary freshwater, which is represented by nine species belonging to the families Cyprinidae (6 species), Siluridae (1 species), Gasterosteidae (1 species) and Gobiidae (4 species). The group of Mediterranean immigrants, represented by only one species of the family Syngnathidae, is the least represented.
RESEARCH OF THE ICHTHYOFAUNA IN THE PROTECTED AREA "MANDRA-PODA", "CHENGENE SKELE BAY" AND "OTMANLI" UNDER NATURA 2000 IN BULGARIA
Authors: Bekova Radoslava , Prodanov Bogdan , Panayotova Marina
Published: February 2023

For the period 2011-2021, 231 fish species from 18 families were established in protected area BG0000271 �Mandra-Poda�, 345 fish species from 7 families in protected area BG0001502 �Otmanli� and 169 species from 11 families in a protected area BG0000242 �Chengene skele Bay�. One hundred eighty-seven of the species were freshwater, 256 were typical marine fish species, and the other one hundred and fifteen were anadromous and brackish species. Protected species are Rhodeus amarus, Cobitis taenia, Chalcalburnus chalcoides, Alosa immaculata. The dominant fish species in the area are species from the family Mugilidae - Mugil cephalus, with 1800 ind./ha and biomass of 36.67 kg/ha. The population of M. cephalus from these three protected areas is represented by 1 (33.54%), 2 (14.59%), 3 (23.58%), 4 (18.52%) and 5 (9.78%) years old fish; for Ch. auratus: 1 (39.41%), 2(44.21%), 3 (14.28%), 4 (1.98%) and 5 (1.12%) and for Ch. saliens respectively data are as follows: 1 (28.74%), 2 (55.44%), 3 (14.5%) and 4 (1.32) years old fish. The most abundant are the M. cephalus with a length of 24.1 � 25 �m (14.91%). The relation between the fish length and the radius of the scales for the M. cephalus is L = 2.582S � 1.9712, r = 0.9974. The relation between fish length and fish weight for the M. cephalus is W = 0.0132L3.0654, r = 0.9938. The coefficient of Fulton (kf) is 1.77.
THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE SITE IN THE DESIGN OF MILITARY-RESISTANT BUILDING
Authors: Vardanyan Anna
Published: February 2023

Military resistant architecture (MRA) is a trend to protect civilians, settlements, the environment, and existing buildings from the strikes happening during the war. The development of military technologies and armaments brings with it the need to define new urban security solutions. In this case, it is very important to analyze the physical characteristics of the building and its surrounding, such as the tectonics and physical parameters of the building�s site. To secure the buildings from new, sixth-generation warfare weapons, the architectural solution must follow certain principles according to the building material, construction system, especially composition, landscape, etc. Thus, possible building forms of the site�s physical characteristics such as platonic forms, and irregular forms expressed in the terms of the blocked, courtyard, angular and polarized types of composition are discussed in the presentation. The mentioned forms are observed by smooth, slopping, and combined placement of the terrain (See Diagram 1). The strike direction is supposed to be from the right side and above the building. The presentation includes an introduction and historical overview, threat and risk assessment, and analysis, as shown in the diagram. The situation is discussed including the above-mentioned parameters: the environment, the landscape, the shape and the shell of the building, as well as the type of the roof. As a result of the analysis, several conclusions on possible risk management, were presented.
Characteristics and development trend of advertising communication in new media communication environment
Authors: Yao Dongyu
Published: February 2023

In recent years, with the continuous development of new media information technology, the forms of advertising are gradually rich and colorful, and styles are diverse, which leads to the advertising marketing strategy also gradually adjusted and changed. This paper mainly analyzes the characteristics and development trends of advertising communication in the new media communication environment, and makes a simple analysis from the basic elements of advertising communication, and also discusses the current new media environment, so as to fully reflect the new form of advertising communication trend in our country. With the continuous improvement of Chinese new media environment, in order to improve the multi-screen contact ability of new media information technology and enhance the experience of new media interaction, to fully meet the needs of Chinese consumers, and truly realize the return of advertising communication mode.
The Influence of Anxiety and Depressive Syndrome on Treatment Adherence in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors:   INDNBM N.C. Paulescu, Bucharest, Romania, SALMEN TEODOR , BICA CRISTINA ,   INDNBM N.C. Paulescu, Bucharest, Romania, SANDU CAMELIA ,   INDNBM N.C. Paulescu, Bucharest, Romania, SERAFINCEANU CRISTIAN ,   INDNBM N.C. Paulescu, Bucharest, Romania; “Carol Davila” University of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania, STOIAN ANCA PANTEA ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
Published: February 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the chronic disease with the prevalence in a continuous rise – reaching a percent of 8.5% from the general population in 2014. Depression is a medical condition more frequently associated with chronic illness such as DM and highly associated with a more reduced quality of life and adherence to medical recommendations. We used the PubMed library and searched after the following key-words: type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, anxiety, depression, depressive syndrome, treatment adherence, life quality. Diagnose of a new condition such as DM may be a traumatic experience for patients which could deny the reality, could accuse others of their problems or could refuse to go for a second opinion medical advice, to admit the truth. The newly diagnosed cases of type 2 DM benefit from unique medical training just from the perception of the illness point of view, while the evolution of parameters such as HbA1c does not differ significantly compared with usual care. Also, in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 DM, there is a higher incidence of depression and lower mental quality of life.
A MODERN VIEW OF THE POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
Authors:   Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, “Prof. Dr. Panait Sîrbu”, Bucharest, Romania, BRAGA MIHAELA , BORDEA ELENA ALINA ,   Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, “Prof. Dr. Panait Sîrbu”, Bucharest, Romania; University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BRATILA ELVIRA ,   Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, “Prof. Dr. Panait Sîrbu”, Bucharest, Romania; University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, MARINESCU BOGDAN ,   Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, “Prof. Dr. Panait Sîrbu”, Bucharest, Romania; University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CARP-VELISCU ANDREEA ,   Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, “Prof. Dr. Panait Sîrbu”, Bucharest, Romania; University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Published: February 2023

The polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy, which affects between 8 and 13% women of reproductive age.Its most common and disturbing features are hyperandrogenism and infertility. Due to its many implications, there is an utter need to improve the diagnosis and management of this pathology. It will help women improve their quality of life, fertility and prevent cardiovascular effects. The most important part of the management is the correct diagnosis. Specialists are trying to elaborate tighter and more specific criteria of diagnosis. Besides these disturbing features, one can not ignore the more important effects of PCOS: cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, endometrial cancer and mental disorders (anxiety and depression)In order to prevent all these problems, the patients need constant guiding with a major change in lifestyle.
Effect of combined use of cerebral oximetry and electroencephalogram monitoring on the incidence of perioperative neurocognitive disorders in adult cardiac and non-cardiac surgery: A systematic review of randomized and non-randomized trials
Authors: Souberbielle Q , Jacobs Sariyar A , Momeni M
Published: February 2023

Background: There is insufficient evidence to recommend using either intraoperative cerebral oximetry or (processed) electroencephalogram (EEG) alone for preventing perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs).

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of combined use of cerebral oximetry and electroencephalogram-guided anesthesia on the incidence of PNDs in adult patients undergoing cardiac and non-cardiac interventions.

Methods: A PICOS - based systematic review of English articles using Pubmed and Embase (from inception to August 2022) was performed. There were no exclusion criteria regarding the type of the study. Abstract proceedings and new study protocols or ongoing studies were not included. Review articles were analyzed in search of eligible references. All possible terms that were illustrative of PNDs were used.

Results: Among the 63 full manuscripts that were analyzed in detail, 15 met the inclusion criteria. We found 2 retrospective, 8 prospective observational and 5 randomized controlled trials of which 1 did not evaluate the use of neuromonitoring in the randomization process. The definition and the methods used to diagnose PNDs were very heterogeneous. Only 8 studies used an algorithm to avoid/treat cerebral oxygen desaturation and/or to treat EEG abnormalities. Overall, there was a tendency towards less PNDs in studies where such an algorithm was used.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that integrating information obtained from cerebral oximetry and an EEG monitor may reduce the incidence of PNDs whenever an adapted algorithm is used to improve brain function.