bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First detection of industrial hydrogen emissions using high-precision mobile measurements in ambient air
Authors: Westra Iris M. , Scheeren Hubertus A. , Stroo Firmin T. , Heuven Steven M.A.C. van , Kers Bert A.M. , Peters Wouter , Meijer Harro A.J.
Published: July 2024

Projections towards 2050 of the global hydrogen (H2) demand indicate an eight-fold increase in present-day hydrogen consumption. Leakage during production, transport, and consumption therefore presents a large potential for increases in the atmospheric hydrogen burden. Although not a greenhouse gas itself, hydrogen has indirect climate effects: through oxidation with the OH radical in the atmosphere the lifetime of methane increases, tropospheric ozone is produced, and the concentration of stratospheric water vapour increases. The Global Warming Potential of H2 is estimated to be 12.8 times that of CO2. Available technologies to detect hydrogen emissions have been limited to risk assessments of industrial facilities, while smaller climate-relevant emissions remain undetected. The latter requires measurement capacity at the parts-per-billion level (ppb). We developed and tested a simple and effective method to detect small hydrogen emissions from industrial installations combining active AirCore sampling with ppb-precision analysis by gas chromatography. We applied our methodology at a chemistry park in the Groningen province, the Netherlands, where several hydrogen production and storage facilities are concentrated. From a car and an unmanned aerial vehicle, we detected for the first time small but consistent industrial emissions from leakage and purging across the hydrogen value chain, which include electrolysers, a hydrogen fuelling station, and chemical production plants. Our emission estimates indicate current loss rates between 1-5% of the estimated production and storage in these facilities. This is sufficiently large to urgently flag the need for monitoring and verification of H2 emissions for the purpose of understanding our climate change trajectory in the 21st century.
Association of Antenatal Steroid Administration with Neonatal Morbidities among Late Preterm Multiple Gestation Infants
Authors: Velumula Pradeep Kumar , Boddu Praveen kumar , Khanal Luna , Jani Sanket , Fernandes Nithi , Thomas Ronald , Bajaj Monika , Chawla Sanjay
Published: July 2024

Background There is limited evidence on the efficacy of antenatal steroids (ANS) among women with multiple gestations at risk of late preterm delivery.Study design: This retrospective study included multiple gestation, late preterm infants (340/7-366/7 weeks gestational age), born between January 2013 and December 2022. The primary outcome was composite respiratory outcome, defined as the need for respiratory support by 72 hours of age. Logistic and linear regressions were performed to compare the primary and secondary outcomes with and without exposure to any ANS, adjusted for gestational age, sex of infant, histologic chorioamnionitis, and intrauterine growth restriction.Results The composite respiratory outcome was significantly lower in any ANS group compared to no ANS group (28.6% vs. 33.7%) [adjusted odds ratio 0.50, 95% CI, 0.33–0.75, p˂0.001].Conclusion In late preterm multiple gestation infants, any ANS exposure was associated with lower risk of composite respiratory outcome.
A comparative ensemble approach of deep learning models for binary and multiclass classification of histopathological images for breast cancer detection
Authors: Pal Madhumita , Panda Ganapati , Mohapatra Ranjan , Rath Adyasha , Dash Sujata , Mallik Saurav , Shah Mohd
Published: July 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently occurring cancer in women after lung cancer. There are different stages of breast cancer. Among them, Invasive ductal BC causes the maximum number of deaths in women. Different radio imaging techniques are available to diagnose this fatal disease. With the development of different radiographic imaging techniques, it is now possible to identify this fatal condition early on. However, qualified radiologists and pathologists must analyze the radiographic and Histopathological images. The procedure is expensive and prone to mistakes, as radiologists and pathologists are human beings. In this paper, three deep learning models such as Vision Transformer (ViT), Convmixer and Visual Geometry Group-19 (VGG-19), are proposed for the detection and classification of different breast cancer tumours using Breast cancer histopathological (Break His) image database. The performance of each of these models is evaluated using an 80:20 training scheme and measured in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, loss, F1 score and area under the curve. From the simulation result, we found that ViT performs best for binary classification of breast cancer tumours with accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score of 99.89%,98.29%,98.29% and 98.29%, respectively. Also, ViT gives the best performance in terms of accuracy, Precision, recall and F1-score 98.21%, 89.84% and 89.97%, respectively, for eight class classifications of breast histopathological images. Then, we have an ensemble ViT-Convmixer model for detecting breast cancer and observe that the ensemble model's performance degrades compared to the ViT model with an accuracy of 95 and 85 percent. We have also compared the performance of the proposed best model with the other existing models. The proposed model can also detect other diseases with improved accuracy.
Associations between internal exposure to acrylamide and sleep health: Evidence from NHANES 2013-2016
Authors: Gan Lin , Wang Jiaoyang , Qu Kang , Jiang Wei , Guo Zeshang , Dong Ming
Published: July 2024

Acrylamide (AA) is a ubiquitous neurotoxic contaminant. Our objectives were to evaluate associations of internal AA exposure with sleep health outcomes. Data from 2753 adults aged 20–79 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was utilized. Internal AA exposure was assessed using hemoglobin adducts and urinary biomarkers. Short sleep duration (SSD) and self-reported trouble sleeping were employed as indicators of sleep health. Markers of systemic inflammation were calculated. Each one-unit increase in ln-transformed hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide (HbAA), hemoglobin adducts of glycidamide (HbGA) and HbAA + HbGA and creatinine-adjusted urinary N-Acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine concentration was statistically significantly associated with 1.38-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16, 1.64; p < 0.001), 1.29-fold (95%CI: 1.09, 1.53; p = 0.003), 1.38-fold (95%CI: 1.15, 1.64; p < 0.001), and 1.19-fold (95%CI: 1.06, 1.35; p = 0.004) risk in SSD, respectively. The significant associations were strengthened in smokers after stratification by smoking status. Higher AA hemoglobin biomarkers predicted increases in markers of systemic inflammation. In conclusion, internal AA exposure was associated with an increased risk of SSD and elevated systemic inflammation among United States adults. The findings shed light on the potential effects of AA’s health threat and future research is warranted to develop intervention strategies.
An Explicit Formulation for the Logic-Tree Representation of Epistemic Uncertainties in PSHA
Authors: Noh Myunghyun
Published: July 2024

In the recent probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), the logic tree approach has been commonly adopted to represent epistemic uncertainties the PSHA inputs. While several studies have explored fundamental principles behind constructing logic trees, none have explicitly detailed the calculation of the weight and hazard at each end branch, particularly when multiple sources are combined to contribute to the hazard at a site. This study addresses this gap by introducing a clear and explicit expression for calculating branch weights and the corresponding seismic hazard at a given site.
Feasibility of Substituting Soda Pulping with High Consistency Kneaded Chemi Mechanical Pulping for Discarded Oyster Farming Bamboo Scaffolding
Authors: Sun Hao-Chen , Lai Yu-Hsun , Lo Yu-Jia , Huang Kuan-Yeh , Huang Ssu-Yu , Shyu Jiann-Gwo , Perng Yuan-Shing
Published: July 2024

Discarded oyster farming bamboo scaffolding (BS) has the potential to be applied to pulping and papermaking. Thus, this study aims to develop a chemi-mechanical pulping process for the BS with lower chemical and temperature demands through a high-consistency kneader to enhance the feasibility of greener production development. This study applies a factorial experimental design to assess the impact of thermo-alkali pretreating conditions (temperature and NaOH dosage) by analyzing pulping yield, freeness, fiber appearance, and handsheet properties. After the factorial analysis, the temperature and NaOH dosage of thermo-alkali pretreatment both significantly affect the pulp properties, the condition with 125℃ and 7.5% NaOH dosage has the highest accepts ratio, the best capacity of fiber refining, and handsheet properties. Further compared with soda pulping, the kneading process developed by this study can produce a similar fiber to soda pulp and has a higher pulping yield. In summary, the chemi-mechanical pulping process through a high-consistency kneader has a greener process that can promote the application of the BS in pulping and papermaking.
Evaluation of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma using CEUS LI-RADS: Correlation with pathological characteristics
Authors: Bao Jingwen , Nie Zehua , Wang Quanwen , Chen Yanling , Wang Kun , Liu Xinjiang
Published: July 2024

Objective
To explore the factors that influence the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) classification of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-ICC).
Methods
Between September 2014 to July 2020, the CEUS features of 58 patients with pathologically confirmed cHCC-ICC were retrospectively evaluated and assigned according to the CEUS LI-RADS (version 2017). The pathological characteristics of nodules categorizing as different CEUS LI-RADS categories were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore potential factors that may influence the CEUS LI-RADS classification of cHCC-ICC.
Results
According to CEUS LI-RADS, 32.8% (19/58), 63.8% (37/58), and 3.4% (2/58) were categorized as LR-5, LR-M, and LR-TIV, respectively. There was significant difference between the LR-M and LR-5 groups with regard to the pathological grade, nodule size, and HCC/ICC-component ratio of cHCC-ICC. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified tumor size and the relative proportions of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICC) components within cHCC-ICC as the independent influencing factors.
Conclusion
Tumor size and the relative proportion of HCC and ICC components within the nodule had a significant impact on the CEUS LI-RADS classification of cHCC-ICC.
Physical properties of EICP-MgO and EICP-lignin fiber-amended red clay at different ages of maintenance
Authors: Song Yu , Chen Yuling , Cheng Jichun , Liu Wei , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Jianwei , Zheng Junjie
Published: July 2024

To enhance land use efficiency, enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) technology was separately synergistically combined with magnesium oxide and lignin fibers to improve the properties of Guilin red clay across various curing periods. A control group utilizing solely EICP technology was also established. Unconfined compressive strength tests revealed a synchronous increase in the dosage of external additives, curing age, and unconfined compressive strength, Based on calcium carbonate content determination tests, the addition of lignin fibers significantly enhanced the strength of the specimens, primarily due to the increased mass of calcium carbonate crystals formed. When magnesium oxide was used as a dopant, its physical and chemical reactions within the soil played a crucial role in strength enhancement. The influence of this factor became more pronounced with longer curing periods and higher doping amounts. Furthermore, joint determinations of liquid and plastic limits identified 7 days as the optimal curing period for the control group. Under the test conditions, specimens with external admixtures exhibited a lower plasticity index compared to the control group at 3 and 10 days, and their hydrophilicity improved. However, at 3 days, the magnesium oxide group showed minimal change, while the lignin fiber group displayed marginal strength improvement. Thus, longer curing periods under 1% admixture amount yielded better results for both groups.
Ants exhibit species-specific transcriptional responses during temperature acclimation
Authors: Feldmeyer Barbara , Menzel Florian
Published: July 2024

Background
Climate is one of the most important abiotic variables organisms must adapt to. Ectothermic organisms are particularly dependent on ambient temperature, affecting everything from development to survival. Among these, insects are especially susceptible to desiccation due to their high surface-to-volume ratio. To protect against evaporation, they carry a layer of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) on their cuticle. Their composition is species-specific and can be adjusted to maintain waterproofing during acclimation. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this acclimation, and how they vary across species, are still poorly studied.
Results
Here we investigated the transcriptional response of three congeneric ant species from different habitats acclimated to two constant and one fluctuating temperature regimes. Next to global patterns in gene expression and co-expression, we specifically studied the expression of CHC candidate genes. We expected the meadow species Lasius niger, being more exposed to sun, to show the lowest stress response to high temperatures, and the forest species Lasius platythorax to show the strongest response to constantly high temperatures in terms of changes in gene expression and CHC candidate genes. All acclimation treatments resulted in a small number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with the fluctuating regime showing the fewest. This suggests that fluctuating temperatures may mitigate the potentially stressful effects of constant temperatures. The arboreal Lasius brunneus displayed the weakest transcriptional response during acclimation, and, in contrast to the other two species, acclimation did not increase its desiccation resistance. This suggests low plasticity, and thus potentially a higher vulnerability to climate change. Co-expression network analysis revealed that CHC candidate genes were distributed randomly across co-expression modules in all species. Additionally, module preservation analyses indicated highly similar global gene co-expression patterns across all three species, despite their distinct ecological niches.
Conclusions
Our findings highlight the importance of studying gene expression alongside other (or higher-level) phenotypic traits to understand the mechanisms underlying phenotypic plasticity. Furthermore, they suggest that some species may be more susceptible to climate change than others due to limited acclimation capacity.
The Electromagnetic Curves and Rotation of the Polarization Plane With Respect to the Flc Frame in an Optical Fiber
Authors: TOPLAMA Aykut , DEDE Mustafa
Published: July 2024

The trajectory of magnetic flows that generate a magnetic field is called a magnetic curve. In this paper, A new class of electromagnetic curves is defined through a new frame defined along polynomial curves, called the Flc frame. Moreover, Given that an optical fiber is a one-dimensional object placed on a three-dimensional Riemannian manifold, the evolution of a linearly polarized light wave is related to the geometric phase. Therefore, a new geometric phase model is obtained using the Flc frame.
Electrical Muscle Stimulation for Conservative Management of Female Pelvic Floor Muscle Dysfunction: A Scoping Review
Authors: Guitar Nicole , Akbari Priyanshi , Dzieduszycki Christina , Konduras Kristi , Dufour Sinead
Published: July 2024

Background
Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is a conservative management tool for the treatment of pelvic floor dysfunctions (PFDs). This review aims to: (1) summarize available evidence on various types of EMS treatment and associated outcomes on PFDs in adult women; and (2) investigate the clinical utility of intra-vaginal EMS compared to extra-vaginal; high-intensity parameters compared to low-intensity; and differences in outcomes between EMS with, or without, a magnetic component. As a scoping review, this research aims to facilitate the generation of hypotheses for future investigation.
Methods
Arksey and O’Malley’s framework supplemented the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews was used. Three databases were searched. Included studies were analyzed using Arksey and O'Malley’s content analysis and t-tests.
Results
A total of 40 included studies had low risk of bias (PEDro score = 6.38, SD = 1.47). Low-intensity and intra-vaginal protocols were found to require greater lengths of overall treatment time when compared to high-intensity protocols; however, only magnetic EMS treatments were found to result in significant improvement in symptoms (p < 0.01) when compared to non-magnetic EMS. Due to the heterogeneity of the outcome measures used among the included studies, effect sizes could not be evaluated.
Conclusions
EMS demonstrates positive effect for improving outcomes related PFDs in adult women. Included studies support the use of EMS for stress, urgency and mixed urinary incontinence. All versions of EMS studied were found to provide significant improvements in symptoms. However, high intensity, extra-vaginal approach and EMS with a magnetic component required less time to achieve significant therapeutic effect.
Freirian Educational Intervention on Cultural Competency With Nurses Who Work in Indigenous Health
Authors: Cavalcante Inara Mariela Silva , Puschel Vilanice Alves Araújo
Published: July 2024

Objectives: To analyze a Freirian educational intervention on cultural competences of nurses working in indigenous health.
Methods: Qualitative, participatory research, mediated by Paulo Freire's Culture Circle, following the dialectical stages Thematic investigation, Thematization and Critical Unveiling. Seven meetings were held with six nurses who work at the Casa de Saúde Indígena (Casai) in Belém do Pará. Analysis of the results was based on dialectic-hermeneutics.
Results: In the thematic investigation, the discussion started from the cultural competences of nurses in indigenous health and as a problem-situation, the difficulty of communication. In thematization, it was identified that the problem-situation has a social meaning for the performance of the nurse. The critical unveiling revealed contradictions and enabled concrete action, with the production of a booklet of indigenous languages ​​for dialogue with nurses and other health professionals.
Conclusion: The educational activity promoted critical and collaborative dialogue about the practice of nurses in indigenous health. The production of a light technology represents advances for a critical interculturality.
Combining alpha-synuclein PET and seeded-amplification to improve diagnostic accuracy of Multiple System Atrophy
Authors: Khurana Vikram , Rodriguez Diego , Changizi Barbara , Sandiego Christine , Green Aidan , Kuzkina Anastasia , Vokali Efthymia , Molette Jerome , Dimitrakopoulos Ioannis , Alexander Jessica , Laun Olivia , Jones Kristie , Ceku Dalina , Meehan Julia , Perumalla Sucika , Rai Shreya , Knorr Amy , Hliva Valerie , Kosco-Vilbois Marie , Pfeifer Andrea , Mendonca Nuno , Russell David , Capotosti Francesca
Published: July 2024

Biomarkers that facilitate early detection and track disease progression are an enormous unmet need in neurodegenerative diseases and their clinical trials. Accurate diagnosis in the early stage of Parkinsonian disorders is particularly challenging. Multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) share many clinical features and are associated with alpha-synuclein (αSyn) aggregation. However, these diseases have distinct biology and disease trajectories and are likely to respond differently to experimental therapies. Gold-standard diagnosis is only achieved at postmortem examination. Here, we combined two emerging technologies: brain imaging with αSyn [18F]ACI-12589 PET tracer with a skin αSyn seed-amplification assay (αSyn-SAA). These assays have the potential to increase diagnostic precision in vivo by delineating the spatial distribution and conformation of αSyn pathology, respectively. Of 8 clinically probable or established MSA patients, combining brain imaging with αSyn [18F]ACI-12589 PET tracer and skin αSyn-SAA helped confirm the diagnosis in 6 of the 8 patients and led to the reclassification of two cases to Parkinson’s disease and idiopathic late-onset cerebellar ataxia. Each test provided critical evidence of diagnosis even when the other was equivocal, supporting the combination of these tests. These αSyn biomarkers should now be used systematically to facilitate early and precise diagnosis across synucleinopathies.
Structural Basis of T Cell Toxicity Induced by Tigecycline Binding to the Mitochondrial Ribosome
Authors: Rorbach Joanna , Shao Qiuya , Khawaja Anas , Nguyen Minh , Singh Vivek , Zhang Jingdian , Adori Monica , Innis C. Axel , Dopico Xaquin Castro
Published: July 2024

Tetracyclines are essential bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors under continual development to combat antibiotic resistance yet suffer from unwanted side effects. Therefore, next-generation drugs should better discriminate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes to ensure host cells remain unaffected by treatment. Mitoribosomes - responsible for generating oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) subunits - share evolutionary features with the bacterial machinery and may suffer from cross-reactivity. T cells depend upon OXPHOS upregulation to power clonal expansion and establish immunity. To this end, we compared important bacterial ribosome-targeting antibiotics for their ability to induce immortalized and primary T cell death. Tetracyclines tested were cytotoxic and tigecycline (third generation) was identified as the most potent. In human T cells in vitro, 5-10 mM tigecycline inhibited mitochondrial but not cytosolic translation; mitochondrial complex I, III, and IV function, and naïve and memory T cell expansion. To determine the molecular basis of these effects, we isolated mitochondrial ribosomes from Jurkat T cells for cryo-EM analysis. We discovered tigecycline not only obstructs A-site tRNA binding to the small subunit, as it does in bacteria, but also attaches to the peptidyl transferase center of the mitoribosomal large subunit. Intriguingly, a third binding site for tigecycline on the large subunit—absent in bacterial structures—aligned with helices analogous to those in bacterial ribosomes, albeit lacking methylation in humans. The data show tigecycline compromises T cell survival and activation by binding to the mitoribosome, providing a molecular mechanism to explain part of the anti-inflammatory effects of this drug class. The identification of species-specific binding sites guides antibiotic and OXPHOS inhibitor design.
Non-native Red-billed Blue Magpie Urocissa erythrorhyncha expanded in lowlands with moderate forest cover, with no significant impact on native common bird occupancy, in Shikoku, southern Japan
Authors: Matsuda Hirohito , Kawamura Kazuhiro , Higa Motoki , Sato Shigeho , Tanioka Hitoshi , Yamaura Yuichi
Published: July 2024

Non-native bird species have colonized and negatively affected natural ecosystems and social economics globally; however, most cases have been understudied. We evaluated the effectiveness of playback surveys for enhancing magpie detectability of the non-native Red-billed Blue Magpie (Urocissa erythrorhyncha), and revealed the drivers of the magpie distribution using an occupancy model that considers the detection process and effects of survey conditions in Shikoku, southern Japan. Using this model, we mapped the potential distribution of suitable magpie habitats across Shikoku. Furthermore, we obtained detection/non-detection data for native bird species [Narcissus Flycatcher (Ficedula narcissina), Varied Tit (Poecile varius), Japanese Tit (Parus minor), and Japanese Bush Warbler (Cettia diphone)], and evaluated the impacts of the magpie on occupancy of these native bird species using a multispecies occupancy model that considered interspecific interactions (i.e., co-occurrence or mutually exclusive occurrence patterns). The results showed that detection probability was enhanced by broadcasting a specific series of magpie calls in the early morning from late May to early July. Magpie occupancy was higher in areas of lower elevation and peaked in areas with moderate forest cover (76%). However, magpie presence did not significantly affect the occupancy of four native bird species. Mapping the distribution of magpie occupancy demonstrated that potentially suitable habitats are widely distributed in near-coast areas between lowlands and mountains, even in eastern Shikoku, which is not yet colonized. Therefore, before the magpie expands over Shikoku and becomes abundant, it will be necessary to further assess potential magpie impacts on local native species, develop efficient methods to capture the magpie, and establish a monitoring scheme in priority areas to block magpie expansion. Our approach using a combination of playback surveys and models considering detectability has the potential for application in studies of other non-native bird species, as well as to support their appropriate management.
Predicting Electrocatalytic Urea Synthesis Using a Two-dimensional Descriptor
Authors: Wuttke Amy , Bagger Alexander
Published: July 2024

Electrochemical synthesis routes powered by renewable electricity can provide sustainable chemical commodities by replacing conventional fossil-based processes. Increasing re- search focuses on value-added chemicals like the indispensable fertilizer urea, which also constitutes a study case for electrochemical CN-coupling. To guide the identification of highly selective catalysts, we aim to provide new insight by analysing existing experimental data on the selectivity of transition metal catalysts towards electrochemically synthesized urea. Firstly, we project high dimensional experimental data using principal component analysis (PCA) to lower dimensions, and thereby confirm that urea selectivity is correlated with the selectivity towards CO and NH3. Furthermore, we identified the most suitable two-dimensional descriptors for selectivity prediction out of various adsorption energies calculated using density functional theory (DFT). We suggest that the adsorption energies of *H and *O on transition metal slabs predict the selectivity towards urea in the co-reduction of CO2 and nitrite (NO2–).
Gluten-free snacks based on a flour composite mixture, fortified with the Asafoetida spice (Ferula assa-foetida)
Authors: Dubtsova G. N. , Vitol I. S.
Published: July 2024

A recipe of snacks based on flour composite mixtures has been developed and scientifically substantiated with the aim of extending an assortment of flour snack products belonging to the category of specialized products. These snacks are intended for consumers adhering to the health nutrition principles and, first of all, for patients with celiac disease. Gluten-free types of flour fortified with the asafoetida spice are used in the recipe. Preliminary studies demonstrated that the formulation with a ratio of 60% rice flour, 20% pea flour and 20% chickpea flour had the highest biological value among six variants of flour mixtures. Using the mass-spectrometry method, a wide spectrum of aromatic substances belonging to different classes of organic compounds was revealed in the composition of the asafoetida spice, including aliphatic alcohols, oxo-compounds, aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids, esters, terpenes, phenol derivatives, heterocyclic aromatic compounds (derivatives of furan and thiophene). They have a wide spectrum of action: determine taste and aroma, show the antioxidant properties, and prevent fat rancidification. The investigations showed that addition of 0.2% of asafetida to the flour mixture not only increased the oxidative stability of snacks (induction period increased by 1.5 times), but also reduced the content of lipids. This was achieved due to a decrease in fat absorption during deep-fat frying (approximately by 1.5 times). As a result, the caloric content of the product reduced by 6.8% compared to the control, the oxidation processes were retarded and the shelf-life of snacks was extended. The results of the organoleptic assessment show that gluten-free snacks with the addition of asafetida are significantly superior to the control sample. The total score of snacks with asafetida was 24 points compared to 19 points given to the control sample. They had the most harmonious appearance, color, taste, and odor according to the profilogram of organoleptic indicators among products such as gluten-free snacks based on flour composite mixtures without additives (control), with addition of dietary fibers, with addition of the asafoetida spice and dietary fibers.
Microscopic methods to study meat and meat product quality
Authors: Pchelkina V. A.
Published: July 2024

Reliable information about meat quality at all stages of the production process is necessary to ensure high quality of meat products. The structure of muscle, connective and fat tissues plays a direct role in formation of meat quality. Microscopic methods allow investigating the meat structure and determining its change depending on a range of endo- and exogenous factors (animal species, breed, sex, conditions of raising and slaughter) and on a type of technological processing. The paper presents the main directions of using microscopic analysis in investigation of meat and finished meat products. An advantage of microscopy is presentation of results in a visual form as well as a possibility of performing morphometry, including with the use of computer systems of image analysis, and obtaining quantitative characteristics of structures. Most common are light microscopy and electron microscopy. Due to various staining procedures, light microscopy enables detecting different components of a sample, studying topography and morphology of tissues and cells. Electron microscopy gives information about the ultrastructure of cells and their chemical composition. The paper discusses possibilities of microscopy in assessment of composition and detection of falsification of finished meat products. It has been noted that the use of several approaches and methods of staining allows reliable identification of many components, including components of plant origin. Histological methods can ensure detection of falsification and control of meat product composition at the state level.
Technological aspects and requirements to raw materials for increasing the nutritional value of glaze
Authors: Mazukabzova E. V.
Published: July 2024

Glaze, giving confectionery products an aesthetically attractive appearance, provides the possibility of prolonging their shelf life. The main raw components of the glaze are sugar and fat, which determines its high caloric content. Modern trends dictate the need to create confectionery products enriched with essential nutrients found in vegetables, berries and fruits. The introduction of finely ground additives in the form of fruit and vegetable powder into the glaze formulation may entail changes in the rheological and crystallization properties of the glaze. The aim of the research is to develop technological methods of fruit and vegetable confectionery glaze production with increased content of dietary fibers and reduced amount of added sugar, as well as to establish requirements for fruit and vegetable powders as raw materials used in the production of confectionery glaze. The objects of the research were industrial samples of fruit and vegetable powders from raspberry, apple, carrot and beet, as well as samples of confectionery glaze produced in laboratory conditions. Common and special research methods were used in the work. The technological acceptability of using fruit and vegetable powders in the production of confectionery glaze according to their physical and chemical parameters has been determined. The yield stress of the glaze increased as the content of fruit and vegetable powder increased from 3 to 15% to varying degrees depending on its fat-absorbing capacity. The crystallization characteristic of the glaze changed: the solidification temperature decreased by 1-2 °C, the crystallization duration increased by 27-40% compared to the control sample. The nomenclature is substantiated and numerical values of quality criteria of fruit and vegetable powders to ensure technological properties of glaze are given. The influence of step-by-step introduction of surfactants on the value of yield stress of confectionery glazes with fruit and vegetable powders is shown. The technology of fruit and vegetable confectionery glaze with a high content of dietary fiber (9 g/100 g) and with a reduced amount of added sugar has been developed.
Methodological approaches to gene identification of tea raw materials and raw material composition of tea-based soft drinks
Authors: Vafin R. R. , Mikhailova I. Yu. , Ageykina I. I.
Published: July 2024

Tea or tea shrub is a plant of the Camellia sinensis species, the leaves of which, previously prepared in a special way, are the traditional raw material for the production of tea products. Varietal gene identification of tea allows us to increase the level of assessment of the authenticity of tea raw materials and tea products. It is predominantly based on DNA technologies for the detection and interpretation of SNP markers (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism), represented by a wide arsenal of both expensive high-tech methods and publicly available laboratory approaches. Species gene identification of the raw material composition of tea-based soft drinks is an equally important area of research due to the risk of falsification of this type of product. The purpose of this study was to find methodological approaches to the varietal gene identification of tea raw materials and to the species gene identification of the raw material composition of tea-based soft drinks. As a result of a bioinformatics study to identify polymorphic restriction sites in the nucleotide sequences of Camellia sinensis genome loci, diagnostically significant restriction enzymes were selected that were capable of detecting SNPs and identifying tea genotypes using the analyzed markers. At the same time, 16 loci had potential for practical application, of which 11 belonged to the group of the most informative SNP markers. A post-analytical assessment of tea varieties was carried out with them regarding their genotypic affiliation and identifiability as part of solving the first task of the study. To achieve the second task, a molecular genetic approach to the species identification of the raw composition of soft drinks based on green tea was tested. The study included the analysis of experimental drinks (with natural flavoring “Lemon” and synthetic flavoring “Peach 716”), as well as commercial concentrates “TIAKVA” (based on extracts from the coarse stems of green or black tea). The methods used in the work were PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) and direct sequencing of the amplified chloroplast DNA locus. The combination of two methods (PCR and sequencing) showed its effectiveness in establishing the belonging of the analyzed nucleic acid samples to the Camellia sinensis species, the raw material base of the studied drinks and concentrates. However, to unlock the authentication potential of PCR with primers #1 and #2 combined with RFLP analysis, it will be necessary to select diagnostically significant restriction enzymes suitable for generating species-specific combinations of PCR-RFLP profiles of marker sequence.
Effect of freezing temperature on rate of survival of lactococcus cultures during lyophilization
Authors: Kucherenko I. V. , Kuraeva E. V. , Masegnaya E. S.
Published: July 2024

The important component in the activities of the collection of starter microorganisms is the preservation of the pool of the strains valuable for industrial production. Lyophilization (also known as freeze drying) is a widely used method for the long-term storage of the collection cultures. The critical parameter of the process of lyophilization is the pre-freezing temperature. This article brings forward the results of researches of the rate of survival of lactococcus strain cultures during their lyophilization with pre-freezing at the temperatures of minus 20 °C, minus 30 °C and minus 55 °C. Reconstituted 10% skim milk was used as the medium for strain culturing and lyophilization. Different reactions were detected among the microorganisms ofLactococcus lactissubsp.lactis, Lactococcus cremoris and Lactococcus lactissubsp.lactisbiovar.diacetylactisfor their freezing and lyophilization under the tested conditions. The highest rate of survival of lactococcus strains was observed at the freezing temperature of minus 20 °C. The most resistant cultures appeared to beLactococcus lactissubsp.lactisbiovar.diacetylactis— their rate of survival after lyophilization at minus 20 °C amounted to 42.6-57.9%. The lowest survival rate was recorded forLactococcus cremorisin all freezing modes (from 3.1 to 15.7%). Lyophilization of lactococcus collection cultures ensures high survival rate of the cells.
LE GENRE AU PRISME DE LA TERRITORIALISATION DES POLITIQUES PUBLIQUES SPORTIVES AU SENEGAL LE PARADOXE DAKAROIS
Authors:   Maitre Assistant, Enseignant Chercheur a lUniversite Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar., Dit Momar Talla Ndongo Mouhamed , Dame Loum Fatou ,   Maitre de Conferences Titulaire, Enseignante Chercheure a lUniversite Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar.
Published: July 2024

Sport is one of the pillars of public policy in Senegal, as defined in law nÂ°84-59 on the sports charter. It is based on three pillars: mass practice, physical education and competitive sport. The consideration of sport by local authorities is a significant reality. However, the field of sport in Senegal is still marked by disparities and inequalities, both horizontal and vertical (Diatta, 2007), in all sectors in general and particularly in mass sport where inequalities are especially evident from a gender perspective. Indeed, apart from a socio-cultural heritage more or less hostile to the practice of sport, especially instituted due to the norms of hegemonic femininity, traditional and religious norms (Ndongo, 2017), it is clear that the inadequacies linked to the territorialisation of sports policies seem to constitute a significant determinant of these inequalities. This article proposes to analyse the territorialisation of sports policies from the point of view of their relationship with gender in the department of Dakar. The aim is to reflect on the means, strategies and actions mobilised to promote competitive sport among women in Senegal.
Commercialization of R&D and opportunities for the development of academic entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan
Authors: Sitenko Diana , Sabyrzhan Ali , Gordeyeva Yelena , Temirbayeva Dinara
Published: July 2024

The transition to an innovative economy requires greater attention to creating favorable conditions for the commercialization of scientists’ developments and the possibility of realizing the accumulated scientific potential. This study aimed to examine the commercialization process in the Republic of Kazakhstan and identify factors influencing the development of academic entrepreneurship in universities. It examines a gradual change in legislation on technology transfer and the dynamics of implemented commercialization projects during 2016–2022. Structured interviews were conducted with academics of the biggest 14 universities in Kazakhstan with a sample of 209 respondents to identify factors influencing the desire of scientists to engage in academic entrepreneurship. The findings revealed that the most attractive factors for academics are flexible working hours (4.67 of 5), the opportunity to implement their own innovative ideas (4.12), and an increase in income (3.63). In turn, negative factors include the lack of qualified personnel (4.56), difficulties in legislation (4.27), and bureaucratic barriers (3.78). The study revealed that gender and age moderately affected scholars’ desire to engage in academic entrepreneurship (Cramer’s V = 0.3025). The greatest desire to start their own business was demonstrated by men aged 26-35 years and by women aged 36-45 years. The findings also show that the scientific fields positively affect the number of ready-made ideas, patents, and technologies that academics offer to businesses.
AcknowledgmentThis study is funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. AP13268750).
Perfil epidemiológico da população em situação de rua em município do estado de São Paulo - Brasil
Authors: De Queiroz Gabriel Vinícius Reis , Ramos Hanna Oliveira , Da Silva Vanessa Nascimento Monteiro , Jacobsen Daniela Lerback , Batista Marília Jesus
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: conhecer o perfil epidemiológico da população em situação de rua atendida pelo consultório na rua de um município no estado de São Paulo, com foco no uso abusivo de álcool e drogas. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, com uso de dados secundários sobre a população em situação de rua de Jundiaí obtidos por meio dos registros de atendimentos no ano de 2020 pela equipe do consultório na rua. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva com o auxílio do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 20.0 para análise das variáveis sexo, idade, cor/raça, orientação sexual, utilização dos serviços de saúde, comorbidades, uso de substâncias e padrão de consumo. Adotou-se o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Foram registrados 836 atendimentos. A amostra foi majoritariamente masculina (68,7%), heterossexual (33,3%), da cor/raça autodeclarada parda (30,2%), com idade média de 41 anos. Identificou-se que apenas 4,8% da amostra utilizam serviços das Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Observou-se comorbidades como hipertensão arterial sistêmica (3,1%), diabetes mellitus (1,2%), sífilis (1,1%) e HIV (1%). Foi declarado por 52,9% dos indivíduos a utilização de substâncias, sendo usuários de uma droga (18,9%) ou de duas (18,6%). A substância mais utilizada foi o crack (36,8%), seguido do álcool (34,0%) e tabaco (21,7%). Conclusão: é possível perceber a necessidade de políticas e serviços que contemplem a longitudinalidade e integralidade do cuidado das pessoas em situação de rua, considerando as vulnerabilidades e especificidades, como as afecções mais prevalentes e o contexto da drogadição no viver nas ruas.
Integrated approaches for flash flood susceptibility mapping: spatial modeling and comparative analysis of statistical and machine learning models. A case study of the Rheraya watershed, Morocco
Authors: Elghouat Akram , Algouti Ahmed , Algouti Abdellah , Baid Soukaina , Ezzahzi Salma , Kabili Salma , Agli Saloua
Published: July 2024

Flash floods are highly destructive disasters, posing severe threats to lives and infrastructure. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of bivariate and multivariate statistical models and machine learning to predict flash flood susceptibility in the flood-prone Rheraya watershed. Six models were utilized, including frequency ratio (FR), logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and naïve Bayes (NB). We considered 12 flash flood conditioning variables, such as slope, elevation, distance to the river, and others, as independent variables and 246 flash flood inventory points recorded over the past 40 years as dependent variables in the modeling process. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic was used to validate and compare the performance of the models. The results indicated that distance to the river was the most contributing factor to flash floods in the study area. Moreover, the RF outperformed all the other models, achieving an AUC of 0.86, followed by XGBoost (AUC = 0.85), LR (AUC = 0.83), NB (AUC = 0.76), KNN (AUC = 0.75), and FR (AUC = 0.72). The RF model effectively pinpoints highly susceptible zones, which is critical for establishing precise flash flood mitigation strategies within the region.
KEY DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Panfilova Elena Evgenevna
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the issues of developing a financial strategy in the unstable environment. The fundamental principles for developing an effective financial strategy, key areas for improving financial and economic activities in the context of anti-Russian sanctions are presented.
The Spatial Structure of the Moscow Metropolis
Authors: Babkin R. A.
Published: July 2024

Due to the scale of population and economic concentration, Moscow is a mega-polis forming a vast zone of influence around itself. The accumulated economic and financial potential of the capital, as well as its huge consumer demand, consistently act as the most important factors in the development of the surrounding regions of the Non-Chernozem region. These regions can be considered as the periphery of the Moscow Metropolis, a supra-agglomeration spatial structure developing around Moscow. During the post-Soviet period, there has been a steady trend towards the centralization of demographic, economic and investment resources in Moscow and the Moscow region. Active population growth, investment penetration and active suburbanization in the 50-60-kilometer zone closest to Moscow are taking place against the background of socio-economic depression in rural areas, small and medium-sized urban centers in areas more remote from the capital. Today, Moscow and the 60-kilometer zone around it concentrate 65% of the metropolitan population, as well as over 80% of its gross product and investments in fixed assets. This is also the zone of active daily pendulum labor migrations to Moscow (up to 1.5 million people daily), which are carried out by 15 to 60% of the total able-bodied population living here. Along with this, there are prerequisites for promising development as part of the metropolis and more remote territories. In particular, there is an integration of regional labor markets with Moscow, through alternative work formats – over a million residents of the periphery are othodniki (shift workers), remote and hybrid employment is widespread. An important factor in the socio-economic development of the “bloodless” rural area of the peripheral metropolis is the filling of its 4 million summer residents in the summer season. Thus, joining the Moscow Metropolis of the regions surrounding the capital, along with risks, creates unique integration opportunities for them and sets a strategic vector for their spatial development.
A figura do mandarim num dicionário manuscrito de português-chinês do século XVIII
Authors: Barros Anabela Leal , Ng Cen Ana , Wang Xiao
Published: July 2024

Reporta-se este trabalho a um dicionário manuscrito de português-chinês datável do século XVIII, um códice inédito da Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal cuja edição preparámos nos últimos anos, no qual foram incluídas numerosas entradas relativas a mandarins, bem como equivalentes chineses específicos para os mesmos. Este conjunto de verbetes é muito informativo quanto ao que se considerava ser o mandarim, aos seus vários tipos, procedimentos, carreiras, utensílios, privilégios, família, etc., em muitos casos merecendo palavra própria, exclusiva do mandarim, ou de classes iguais ou mais elevadas. A comparação com as obras lexicográficas e gramaticais de Joaquim Afonso Gonçalves revela um curioso desaparecimento deste tipo de informação logo no século seguinte, podendo o próprio termo mandarim ser ignorado em benefício de outros tão opacos e gerais como empregado, ou sinónimos menos precisos que parecem ter servido para evitar o uso daquele lexema, como ministro e magistrado.