bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The realities of scaling within evidence-based policy
Authors: SUPPLEE LAUREN H. , KANE MAGGIE C.
Published: July 2020

The economic model for scaling described by Al-Ubaydli and colleagues offers recommendations to policymakers who make decisions about whether or not to implement evidence-based programs. The core economic model does not currently acknowledge the broader context of policy decision-making and therefore may fail to achieve its objectives. The model focuses primarily on the generation and use of available research in the decision on whether to scale a program. Research studying the use of evidence in policymaking points to a complex set of factors beyond just the strength of the evidence such as leadership, relationships, timing and financial resources that contribute to decisions to scale a program. Second, there is already a robust evidence-based policy movement at the federal, state and local levels. The economic model should leverage this movement rather than providing recommendations that might stall or redirect the movement. The economic model can push the field to strengthen the available evidence while providing recommendations on selecting models to scale within the currently available evidence. This commentary finishes with suggestions for moving forward.
Fluvial incision caused irreversible environmental degradation of an ancient city in the Mu Us Desert, China
Authors: Wen Penghui , Wang Nai'ang , Wang Yixin , Huang Yinzhou , Cheng Hongyi , He Tonghui
Published: July 2020

Ancient cities are excellent spatiotemporal indicators for the study of historical human activities and environmental change. The ancient city of Sanchahe is located at the southern margin of the Mu Us Desert, China. It is an ideal location for studying the complex relationships between historical desertification and human activities. Field observations of the ancient city walls, a well, and a spring, as well as 14C dating, grain size, spatial analysis of archaeological sites, and analyses of historical seismicity, indicated that neotectonics may have contributed to crustal uplift and accelerated fluvial incision of the Wuding River. This rapid incision caused a decline in groundwater levels, which is an important reason for the irreversible environmental degradation around Sanchahe city over the past 800 yr. This study provides new evidence for such environmental degradation and may contribute to a better understanding of historical desertification in the Mu Us Desert.
The role of fruit and vegetables in the diets of children in Europe: current state of knowledge on dietary recommendations, intakes and contribution to energy and nutrient intakes
Authors: McCarthy Róisín , Kehoe Laura , Flynn Albert , Walton Janette
Published: July 2020

Fruit and vegetables (F&V) play an important role in the prevention of obesity and other chronic diseases and low intakes have been highlighted as one of the risk factors attributing to global mortality in adults. The childhood years are a critical period during which eating behaviours and food preferences evolve, providing an opportunity to develop and foster healthy eating practices, which carry into adulthood. This review aimed to summarise dietary guidelines relating to F&V, intakes of F&V and the contribution of F&V to energy and nutrient intakes in school-aged children in Europe. The current review showed a paucity of data in relation to guidelines specific for children for F&V consumption. Where guidelines were available, they ranged from 100 to 500 g or one to three portions of F&V daily (with variations in the categorisations). A key finding was the lack of data on estimates of F&V intakes in school-aged children across Europe. Where data were available, intakes ranged from 221 to 404 g/d and were generally below the WHO recommendation of at least 400 g/d. F&V contributed low proportions of energy intake (6–9%) but made significant contributions to intakes of dietary fibre (19–37%), vitamin A (26–46%), vitamin C (32–83%) and potassium (16–27%); however, they also contributed to intakes of total (25–50%) and free sugar (7–11%). This review has highlighted the need for more data on estimates of F&V intakes in school-aged children in Europe and a need for continued promotion of F&V consumption to increase intakes in this age group.
That Woman from Michigan: How Gender Resentment Shapes the Efficacy of Stay-at-Home Policies
Authors: Kalaf-Hughes Nicole , Leiter Debra
Published: July 2020

The United States has the highest number of COVID-19 cases, yet many Americans have responded indifferently toward policies designed to combat the spread of the virus. While nearly all 50 states have implemented some type of stay-at-home policy to encourage social distancing, there has been high variation in the degree of compliance. We argue that this variance is partly driven by gender resentment. Gender resentment reduces trust in female political leaders and thus decreases compliance with government policy and recommendations. Using data from SafeGraph and the 2016 American National Election Study, we demonstrate that the effect of stay-at-home policies on social distancing is reduced when gender resentment increases in states with female leaders. However, when gender resentment is low, there is no difference in the effect of policies on behavior. This research has important implications for understanding unseen barriers that can mediate the efficacy of female political leaders.
Public Opinion, Crisis, and Vulnerable Populations: The Case of Title IX and COVID-19
Authors: Druckman James N. , Sharrow Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2020

A central function of democratic institutions is to protect vulnerable populations. The stability and success of these institutions depends, in part, on popular support. Times of crisis can introduce novel dynamics that alter popular support for protective institutions, particularly among those who do not benefit from those protections. We explore this possibility in the context of Title IX's gender equality requirements and infrastructure to address sexual harassment in college sports. We conduct a large survey of college student-athletes to study their attitudes on these issues in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and concomitant financial challenges affecting college sports. We find that male student-athletes and those with sexist attitudes exhibit alarmingly low levels of support for ensuring the maintenance of equality and sexual harassment policy under Title IX during the COVID-19 crisis and eventual recovery. The results accentuate the vulnerability of certain populations during crises and the importance of maintaining strong institutional policy support during such times.
Weed control and crop tolerance with S-metolachlor in seeded summer squash and cucumber
Authors: Besançon Thierry E. , Wasacz Maggie H. , Carr Baylee L.
Published: July 2020

Residual herbicides remain the primary tool for efficient weed control in cucurbit crops because of the lack of crop tolerance to many POST herbicide options. Field experiments were conducted in New Jersey in 2018 and 2019 to determine weed control efficacy and tolerance of direct-seeded cucumber ‘Python’ and summer squash ‘Gold Prize’ to S-metolachlor applied at 0.7 or 1.4 kg ai ha−1 at planting (PRE) or when crops reached the second- to third-leaf stage (EPOST). Regardless of applied rate, S-metolachlor PRE or EPOST provided 96% to 100% control 3 wk after planting (WAP) of smooth pigweed, large crabgrass, and giant foxtail. S-metolachlor PRE significantly improved American black nightshade and carpetweed control 3 WAP with respect to bensulide, and smooth pigweed with respect to clomazone + ethalfluralin. Summer squash showed excellent tolerance, regardless of S-metolachlor rate or timing of application, with stunting not exceeding 17% 4 WAP and 3% 7 WAP at the 1.4 kg ha−1 rate. Marketable yield decreased by 15% with S-metolachlor PRE or POST at 1.4 kg ha−1 with respect to clomazone + ethalfluralin, a reduction not noted when comparing with bensulide or the handweeded control. Marketable fruit number plant−1 and individual fruit weight were not affected by S-metolachlor applications. Conversely, cucumber was more sensitive to S-metolachlor than summer squash was with 30% seedling emergence reduction and 36% to 43% stunting 4 WAP when S-metolachlor was applied PRE at 1.4 kg ha−1. EPOST application resulted in 15% to 26% cucumber injury 1 wk after treatment. Marketable yield declined by 21% and 39% with the 0.7 and 1.4 kg ha−1 rates of S-metolachlor, respectively, compared with clomazone + ethalfluralin. Therefore, S-metolachlor may be a novel alternative to already labeled residual herbicides for summer squash, but unacceptable injury and yield reduction do not support its registration on cucumber.
Zur Additivität kognitiver Defizitprofile bei komorbiden Lernstörungen
Authors: Kißler Christian , Schwenk Christin , Kuhn Jörg-Tobias
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung. Einleitung: Nach aktueller Literaturlage ergeben sich die kognitiven Profile von Kindern mit komorbiden Lernstörungen (gleichzeitiges Auftreten von Lese-/Rechtschreibstörung und Rechenstörung) additiv aus den kognitiven Profilen von Kindern mit isolierten Lernstörungen. Allerdings dürfen nicht signifikante Ergebnisse in den üblichen frequentistischen Auswertungsverfahren für Interaktionseffekte nicht ohne Weiteres mit Nulleffekten gleichgesetzt werden. Methode: In der vorliegenden Studie werden daher ergänzend Bayesianische Methoden verwendet, um zu überprüfen, ob die Komorbidität von Lese- und Rechenstörungen bei Grundschulkindern mit einer Additivität der Defizitprofile isolierter Lernstörungen hinsichtlich des Arbeitsgedächtnisses, der Aufmerksamkeit, des Rapid Automatized Namings (RAN) und der mathematischen Fähigkeiten einhergeht. Untersucht wurden 133 Grundschulkinder: 49 mit Rechenstörung, 20 mit Lesestörung, 20 mit Lese- und Rechenstörung, 44 ohne eine solche Lernstörung. Ergebnisse: Zusammenfassend ist für alle abhängigen Variablen überzeugende Evidenz für ein additives Profil zu finden – nur die Befunde für den symbolischen Mengenvergleich sind nicht eindeutig. Erstmalig liegt methodisch belastbare Evidenz für die Additivität der kognitiven Profile bei komorbiden Lernstörungen vor. Diskussion: Kinder mit komorbiden Lernstörungen sind weder überproportional beeinträchtigt, noch ist von einer Kompensation bzw. einer gemeinsamen Ursache der Störungsbilder auszugehen.
Stratigraphy of the Von Kármán Crater Based on Chang'E‐4 Lunar Penetrating Radar Data
Authors: Zhang Ling , Li Jing , Zeng Zhaofa , Xu Yi , Liu Cai , Chen Shengbo
Published: July 2020

The Chang'E‐4 (CE‐4) achieved the first successful soft landing on the floor of the Von Kármán crater located in the northeast of the South Pole‐Aitken (SPA) basin on the Moon. Here, through analysis and processing of the dual‐channel lunar penetrating radar (LPR) data, the shallow regolith structure and deep geological strata below the landing site are exposed. The high‐frequency data (CH‐2, 500 MHz) show that the Von Kármán crater underwent remodeling because of ejecta from multiple craters within a thickness of 40 m. Under the surface fine‐grained regolith, superpositions among these crater materials and mare basalt units establish shallow regolith stratigraphic sequences. The low‐frequency data (CH‐1, 60 MHz) show a deep stratigraphic structure to the depth of 360 m that indicates the previous geological evolution history of the Von Kármán crater. The LPR results provide an important scientific basis for understanding the geological history of the far side of the Moon.
Climate Change Significantly Alters Future Wildfire Mitigation Opportunities in Southeastern Australia
Authors: Di Virgilio Giovanni , Evans Jason P. , Clarke Hamish , Sharples Jason , Hirsch Annette L. , Hart Melissa Anne
Published: July 2020

Prescribed burning is used globally to mitigate the risks of wildfires, with severe wildfires increasing in frequency in recent decades. Despite their importance in wildfire management, the nature of future changes to prescribed burn windows under global warming remains uncertain. We use a regional climate projection ensemble to provide a robust spatiotemporal quantification of statistically significant future changes in prescribed burn windows for southeastern Australia. There are significant decreases during months presently used for prescribed burning, that is, in March to May in 2060–2079 versus 1990–2009 across several temperate regions. Conversely, burn windows show widespread significant increases in June to August, that is, months when burns have rarely occurred historically, and also in spring (September–October). Overall, projected changes in temperature and fuel moisture show the most widespread and largest decreases (or increases) in the number of days within their respective ranges suitable for conducting burns. These results support wildfire risk mitigation planning.
Resistance to the CHK1 inhibitor prexasertib involves functionally distinct CHK1 activities in BRCA wild-type ovarian cancer
Authors: Nair Jayakumar , Huang Tzu-Ting , Murai Junko , Haynes Brittany , Steeg Patricia S. , Pommier Yves , Lee Jung-Min
Published: July 2020

High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a fatal gynecologic malignancy in the U.S. with limited treatment options. New therapeutic strategies include targeting of the cell cycle checkpoints, e.g., ATR and CHK1. We recently reported a promising clinical activity of the CHK1 inhibitor (CHK1i) prexasertib monotherapy inBRCAwild-type (BRCAwt) HGSOC patients. In this study, biopsies of treated patients and cell line models were used to investigate possible mechanisms of resistance to CHK1i. We report that BRCAwt HGSOC develops resistance to prexasertib monotherapy via a prolonged G2 delay induced by lower CDK1/CyclinB1 activity, thus preventing cells from mitotic catastrophe and cell death. On the other hand, we noted CHK1’s regulation on RAD51-mediated homologous recombination (HR) repair was not altered in CHK1i-resistant cells. Therefore, CHK1i sensitizes CHK1i-resistant cells to DNA damaging agents such as gemcitabine or hydroxyurea by inhibition of HR. In summary, our results demonstrate new mechanistic insights of functionally distinct CHK1 activities and highlight a potential combination treatment approach to overcome CHK1i resistance in BRCAwt HGSOC.
Variants in the 5′UTR reduce SHOX expression and contribute to SHOX haploinsufficiency
Authors: Babu Deepak , Vannelli Silvia , Fanelli Antonella , Mellone Simona , Baffico Ave Maria , Corrado Lucia , Essa Wael Al , Grandone Anna , Bellone Simonetta , Monzani Alice , Vinci Giulia , De Sanctis Luisa , Stuppia Liborio , Prodam Flavia , Giordano Mara
Published: July 2020

SHOXhaploinsufficiency causes 70–90% of Léri-Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD) and 2–10% of idiopathic short stature (ISS). Deletions removing the entire gene or enhancers and point mutations in the coding region represent a well-established cause of haploinsufficiency. During diagnostic genetic testing on ISS/LWD patients, in addition to classicSHOXdefects, five 5′UTR variants (c.-58G > T, c.-55C > T, c.-51G > A, c.-19G > A, and c.-9del), were detected whose pathogenetic role was unclear and were thus classified as VUS (Variants of Uncertain Significance). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of these noncoding variations inSHOXhaploinsufficiency. The variants were tested for their ability to interfere with correct gene expression of a regulated reporter gene (luciferase assay). The negative effect on the mRNA splicing predicted in silico for c.-19G > A was assayed in vitro through a minigene splicing assay. The luciferase assay showed that c.-51G > A, c.-19G > A, and c.-9del significantly reduce luciferase activity by 60, 35, and 40% at the homozygous state. Quantification of the luciferase mRNA showed that c.-51G > A and c.-9del might interfere with the correct SHOX expression mainly at the post-transcriptional level. The exon trapping assay demonstrated that c.-19G > A determines the creation of a new branch site causing an aberrant mRNA splicing. In conclusion, this study allowed us to reclassify two of the 5′UTR variants identified during SHOX diagnostic screening as likely pathogenic, one remains as a VUS, and two as likely benign variants. This analysis for the first time expands the spectrum of the genetic causes ofSHOXhaploinsufficiency to noncoding variations in the 5′UTR.
Switch from enzyme replacement therapy to oral chaperone migalastat for treating fabry disease: real-life data
Authors: Riccio Eleonora , Zanfardino Mario , Ferreri Lucia , Santoro Ciro , Cocozza Sirio , Capuano Ivana , Imbriaco Massimo , Feriozzi Sandro , Pisani Antonio ,   AFFIINITY Group, Pisani Antonio , Riccio Eleonora , Cocozza Sirio , Santoro Ciro , Esposito Roberta , Imbriaco Massimo , Russo Camilla , Di Risi Teodolinda , Chiariotti Lorenzo , Spinelli Letizia , Pontillo Andrea , Cuocolo Alberto , Cennamo Gilda , Colao Annamaria
Published: July 2020

The treatment options for Fabry disease (FD) are enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with agalsidase alfa or beta, and the oral pharmacological chaperone migalastat. Since few data are available on the effects of switching from ERT to migalastat, we performed a single-center observational study on seven male Fabry patients (18–66 years) to assess the effects of the switch on renal, cardiac, and neurologic function, health status, pain, lyso-Gb3, α-Gal A activity and adverse effects. Data were retrospectively collected at time of diagnosis of FD (baseline, T0), and after 12 months of ERT (T1), and prospectively after 1 year of therapy with migalastat (T2). No patient died or reported renal, cardiac, or cerebrovascular events during the study period. The predefined measures for cardiac, renal and neurologic function, and FD-related symptoms and questionnaires were stable between baseline and the switch, and remained unchanged with migalastat. However, a significant improvement was observed in left ventricular mass index from baseline to T2 (p = 0.016), with a significative difference between the treatments (p = 0.028), and in median proteinuria from T2 vs T1 (p = 0.048). Moreover, scores of the BPI improved from baseline to T1, and remained stable with migalastat. Plasma lyso-Gb3 levels significantly decreased from baseline to T1 (P = 0.007) and T2 (P = 0.003), while did not significantly differ between the two treatments. α-Gal A activity increased from T0 to T2 (p < 0.0001). The frequency of adverse effects under migalastat and ERT was comparable (28% for both drugs). In conclusion, switching from ERT to migalastat is valid, safe and well tolerated.
Inhalation exposure to cigarette smoke and inflammatory agents induces epigenetic changes in the lung
Authors: Seiler Christopher L. , Song J ung Min , Kotandeniya Delshanee , Chen Jianji , Kono Thomas J. Y. , Han Qiyuan , Colwell Mathia , Auch Benjamin , Sarver Aaron L. , Upadhyaya Pramod , Ren Yanan , Faulk Christopher , De Flora Silvio , La Maestra Sebastiano , Chen Yue , Kassie Fekadu , Tretyakova Natalia Y.
Published: July 2020

Smoking-related lung tumors are characterized by profound epigenetic changes including scrambled patterns of DNA methylation, deregulated histone acetylation, altered gene expression levels, distorted microRNA profiles, and a global loss of cytosine hydroxymethylation marks. Here, we employed an enhanced version of bisulfite sequencing (RRBS/oxRRBS) followed by next generation sequencing to separately map DNA epigenetic marks 5-methyl-dC and 5-hydroxymethyl-dC in genomic DNA isolated from lungs of A/J mice exposed whole-body to environmental cigarette smoke for 10 weeks. Exposure to cigarette smoke significantly affected the patterns of cytosine methylation and hydroxymethylation in the lungs. Differentially hydroxymethylated regions were associated with inflammatory response/disease, organismal injury, and respiratory diseases and were involved in regulation of cellular development, function, growth, and proliferation. To identify epigenetic changes in the lung associated with exposure to tobacco carcinogens and inflammation, A/J mice were intranasally treated with the tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), the inflammatory agent lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or both. NNK alone caused minimal epigenetic alterations, while exposure either to LPS or NNK/LPS in combination led to increased levels of global cytosine methylation and formylation, reduced cytosine hydroxymethylation, decreased histone acetylation, and altered expression levels of multiple genes. Our results suggest that inflammatory processes are responsible for epigenetic changes contributing to lung cancer development.
Effect of industrial wastewater on wheat germination, growth, yield, nutrients and bioaccumulation of lead
Authors: Kanwal Amina , Farhan Muhammad , Sharif Faiza , Hayyat Muhammad Umar , Shahzad Laila , Ghafoor Gul Zareen
Published: July 2020

Due to fresh water scarcity, farmers are using polluted water for irrigation. This research was conducted to study the bioaccumulation of Pb in wheat (Cv. Shafaq-2006). The experiment was comprised of seven treatments of lead i.e. 0–1,000 mg Pb/kg. The results revealed that lead severely reduces germination (− 30%), seedling fresh weight (− 74%), seedling dry weight (− 77%), vigor index (− 89%), tolerance index (− 84%), plant height (− 33%), number of leaves (− 41%), root fresh weight (− 50%), shoot fresh weight (− 62%), root dry weight (− 63%), shoot dry weight (− 71%), and root length (− 45%). The physiological parameters also respond negatively like stomatal conductance (− 82%), transpiration rate (− 72%) and photosynthetic rate (− 74%). Similarly, biochemical parameters also showed negative impacts, like carotenoids (− 41), total chlorophyll (− 43), chlorophyll a (− 42) and chlorophyll b (− 53). Yield parameters like the number of seed/plant, seed weight/plant, 1,000 seed weight and harvest index were reduced by 90%, 88%, 44% and 61%, respectively in T6. In addition, protein contents (− 81%), phosphorous (− 60%) and potassium (− 55%) were highly effected in the highest lead concentration (T6). Lead accumulation was extremely higher in seeds (119%) as compared to control plants. Lead bio-accumulation above threshold concentrations in crop parts is a serious human health concern.
Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, MoS2–rGo based optoelectronic hybrids for NO2 gas sensing
Authors: Ghasemi Foad
Published: July 2020

A simple method is developed through drop-casting techniques to assemble a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) to perform as an optoelectronic device for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas sensing at room temperature. The VACNT not only forms an ohmic contact with the hybrid material, but also yields a weak charge impurity scattering in the rGo layers across the channel. These features dramatically affect the optical response of the device to the light through which improve the photoresponsivity by up to 236% and the response time by up to 40% compared to the Au contacted device. Next, the fabricated MoS2–rGo/VACNTs device is employed as a resistor gas sensor for NO2 under in situ exposure to the light at room temperature. Under laser illumination, the sensor demonstrates a high sensitivity of ~ 41% at an inlet NO2 concentration of 100 ppm with a complete recovery time of ~ 150 s which shows comparable improvements relative to the sensor performance in dark condition.
Wearable devices can predict the outcome of standardized 6-minute walk tests in heart disease
Authors: Schubert Charlotte , Archer Gareth , Zelis Jo M. , Nordmeyer Sarah , Runte Kilian , Hennemuth Anja , Berger Felix , Falk Volkmar , Tonino Pim A. L. , Hose Rod , ter Horst Herman , Kuehne Titus , Kelm Marcus
Published: July 2020

Wrist-worn devices with heart rate monitoring have become increasingly popular. Although current guidelines advise to consider clinical symptoms and exercise tolerance during decision-making in heart disease, it remains unknown to which extent wearables can help to determine such functional capacity measures. In clinical settings, the 6-minute walk test has become a standardized diagnostic and prognostic marker. We aimed to explore, whether 6-minute walk distances can be predicted by wrist-worn devices in patients with different stages of mitral and aortic valve disease. A total of n = 107 sensor datasets with 1,019,748 min of recordings were analysed. Based on heart rate recordings and literature information, activity levels were determined and compared to results from a 6-minute walk test. The percentage of time spent in moderate activity was a predictor for the achievement of gender, age and body mass index-specific 6-minute walk distances (p < 0.001; R2 = 0.48). The uncertainty of these predictions is demonstrated.
BODIPY-based macrocycles
Authors: Qin Yi , Liu Xi , Jia Pei-Pei , Xu Lin , Yang Hai-Bo
Published: July 2020

This review comprehensively summarized the construction of BODIPY-based macrocycles and their properties as well as applications.
Glucose oxidase and Au nanocluster co-encapsulated metal–organic frameworks as a sensitive colorimetric sensor for glucose based on a cascade reaction
Authors: Chi Jingtian , Guo Manli , Zhang Chi , Zhang Yuanhong , Ai Shiyun , Hou Juying , Wu Peng , Li Xiangyang
Published: July 2020

The GOx & AuNCs@ZIF-8 composite was simply obtained as a colorimetric glucose sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity and long-term storage stability.
Terbium-fluorido cluster: an energy cage for photoluminescence
Authors: Ling Bo-Kai , Li Junhao , Zhai Yuan-Qi , Hsu Hung-Kai , Chan Yi-Tsu , Chen Wei-Peng , Han Tian , Zheng Yan-Zhen
Published: July 2020

This work demonstrates that encapsulating terbium ions into a fluorido-bridged cage by organic ligands significantly enhances the luminescence quantum yield of such sub-nanosized materials.
Rational design of an unusual 2D-MOF based on Cu(i) and 4-hydroxypyrimidine-5-carbonitrile as linker with conductive capabilities: a theoretical approach based on high-pressure XRD
Authors: García-Valdivia Antonio A. , Romero Francisco J. , Cepeda Javier , Morales Diego P. , Casati Nicola , Mota Antonio J. , Zotti Linda A. , Palacios Juan J. , Choquesillo-Lazarte Duane , F. Salmerón José , Rivadeneyra Almudena , Rodríguez-Diéguez Antonio
Published: July 2020

A copper and 4-hydroxypyrimidine-5-carbonitrile based MOF presents a flexible 2D-layered structure in which, as shown by high pressure X-ray diffraction, the interlayer separation is modulated between 3.01 to 2.78 Å with varying conductive properties.
An axially chiral thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitter with a dual emitting core for a highly efficient organic light-emitting diode
Authors: Wang Yin-Feng , Li Meng , Zhao Wen-Long , Shen Yi-Fan , Lu Hai-Yan , Chen Chuan-Feng
Published: July 2020

An axially chiral TADF emitter with a dual-emitting-core showed a high PLQY and EQE (20.8%), while its enantiomers also exhibited CPL properties.
Energy transfer, multi-colour emission and high thermal stability behaviour of K2Tb1−xEuxHf(PO4)3 with langbeinite-type structure
Authors: Zhao Dan , Zhang Shi-Rui , Zhang Rui-Juan , Fan Yan-Ping , Liu Bao-Zhong , Shi Lin-Ying
Published: July 2020

This study provides a new series of solid solution phosphors, K2Tb1−xEuxHf(PO4)3, with multi-color emission evolution and high thermal stability for LED lamps.
Colloidal particle deposition on microchannel walls, for attractive and repulsive surface potentials
Authors: Porto Santos Tatiana , Cunha Rosiane Lopes , Tabeling Patrick , Cejas Cesare M.
Published: July 2020

When both surfaces possess opposite charges, particle deposition increases at low ionic strengths due to van der Waals forces assisted by electrostatic attraction.
An in-depth study of Sn substitution in Li-rich/Mn-rich NMC as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Paulus Andreas , Hendrickx Mylène , Bercx Marnik , Karakulina Olesia M. , Kirsanova Maria A. , Lamoen Dirk , Hadermann Joke , Abakumov Artem M. , Van Bael Marlies K. , Hardy An
Published: July 2020

The Sn4+ substitution limit in Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54−xSnxO2 is around x = 0.045. For x = 0.027 the honeycomb ordering and O3 structure is preserved. For x = 0 and x = 0.027 similar voltage fade has been obtained in the 3 V–4.55 V vs. Li/Li+ window.
Spin crossover in the Prussian blue analogue FePt(CN)6induced by pressure or X-ray irradiation
Authors: Boström Hanna L. B. , Cairns Andrew B. , Liu Lei , Lazor Peter , Collings Ines E.
Published: July 2020

Pressure and X-ray irradiation induced spin crossover is found in Prussian blue analogue FePt(CN)6.
Polymorphic calcium alginate microfibers assembled using a programmable microfluidic field for cell regulation
Authors: Huang Qiwei , Li Yingyi , Fan Longfei , Xin John H. , Yu Hui , Ye Dongdong
Published: July 2020

A single microfluidic chip was used to control a complex fluid field to prepare polymorphic microfibers for cell regulation.
Reversible detection of hypochlorite using the deprotonation–protonation strategy: a search for new building blocks
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Kaur Amrit , Sharma Manik , Bhalla Vandana , Singh Davinder , Arora Saroj , Kumar Manoj
Published: July 2020

The potential of ESIPT-AIE active probe 1 as antioxidant for suppressing sodium hypochlorite induced oxidative transformation and protection of cells from hypochlorite induced cell death in L-929 cell line has been demonstrated.
Sucrose-derived carbon-coated nickel oxide (SDCC-NiO) as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Soam Ankur , Sahajwalla Veena
Published: July 2020

Sucrose-derived carbon-coated nickel oxide (SDCC-NiO) was successfully synthesized via a colloidal method.
Hollow multishelled structures revive high energy density batteries
Authors: Wang Jiangyan , Cui Yi , Wang Dan
Published: July 2020

This Focus article clarifies that hollow multishelled structure-based electrode is indispensable to realize practically high energy density of rechargeable batteries.
Structural advances of Siglecs: insight into synthetic glycan ligands for immunomodulation
Authors: Movsisyan Levon D. , Macauley Matthew S.
Published: July 2020

This review summarizes the natural and synthetic glycan ligands of Siglecs and the growing body of knowledge for structural features governing sialic acid recognition.
Integrating tools for an effective testing of connected and automated vehicles technologies
Authors: Pariota Luigi , Coppola Angelo , Di Costanzo Luca , Di Vico Antonio , Andolfi Arcangelo , D'Aniello Claudio , Bifulco Gennaro Nicola
Published: July 2020

The development of connected and automated driving functions involves that the interaction of autonomous/automated vehicles with the surrounding environment will increase. Accordingly, there is a necessity for an improvement in the usage of traditional tools of the automotive development process. This is a critical problem since the classic development process used in the automotive field uses a very simplified driver model and the traffic environment, while nowadays it should contemplate a realistic representation of these elements. To overcome this issue, the authors proposed an integrated simulation environment, based on the co‐simulation of Matlab/Simulink environment with simulation of urban mobility, which allows for a realistic model of vehicle dynamic, control logics, driver behaviour and traffic conditions. Simulation tests have been performed to prove the reasoning for such a tool, and to show the capabilities of the instrument. By using the proposed platform, vehicles may be modelled with a higher level of details (with respect to microscopic simulators), while the autonomous/automated driving functions can be tested in realistic traffic scenarios where the features of the road traffic environment can be varied to verify in a realistic way the level of robustness of the on‐board implemented functions.
Using convolutional neural network for diabetes mellitus diagnosis based on tongue images
Authors: Wu Lintai , Luo Xiaoling , Xu Yong
Published: July 2020

Tongue diagnosis plays a great role in traditional Chinese medicine. Diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosis is a significant branch of tongue diagnosis. In recent years, many algorithms have been proposed to aid DM diagnosis based on tongue images. However, most of the previous studies are based on the traditional machine learning and extract only low‐level features, such as colour and texture. Here, the authors used a convolutional neural network for tongue image classification by extracting and using the high‐level features of tongue images. They conducted an experiment on a set of 422 DM images and 422 healthy images, which were captured by the specialised device. In order to solve the problem of a small dataset, the authors used a pre‐trained model to fine‐tune parameters of the network, which is a kind of transfer learning way to accelerate the training speed and improve the accuracy. Finally, the authors compared their experiment with the other state‐of‐the‐art algorithms of DM diagnosis, and the results show that their method has the best performance in terms of many assessment criteria.
Multi‐valued interval neutrosophic linguistic soft set theory and its application in knowledge management
Authors: Mohd Kamal Nor Liyana Amalini , Abdullah Lazim , Abdullah Ilyani , Saqlain Muhammad
Published: July 2020

This study proposed the concepts of a multi‐valued interval neutrosophic linguistic soft set (MVINLSS) by integrating the concepts of multi‐valued interval neutrosophic soft set and linguistic set. MVINLSS is presented as it can deal with ambiguous and uncertain information in decision making which is characterised by linguistic membership. This proposed set amalgamates quantitative assessment with the qualitative assessment which can solve complex problems with ambiguity, uncertainty, and inconsistency. It can be an effective tool to describe the real decision‐makers’ opinions and reflect their hesitancy. Then, the authors propose the basic operational rules of MVINLSS. Moreover, they define a multi‐valued interval neutrosophic linguistic soft weighted arithmetic averaging operator. This work proposed a multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) method which considers different priority levels of criteria and the criteria values take the form of multi‐valued interval neutrosophic linguistic soft numbers. Finally, the proposed MCDM method is applied to the knowledge management case, considering 11 criteria.
Evaporative cooling of icy interstellar grains
Authors: Kalvāns Juris , Kalnin Juris Roberts
Published: July 2020

Context. Evaporative (sublimation) cooling of icy interstellar grains occurs when the grains have been suddenly heated by a cosmic-ray (CR) particle or other process. It results in thermal desorption of icy species, affecting the chemical composition of interstellar clouds.

Aims. We investigate details on sublimation cooling, obtaining necessary knowledge before this process is considered in astrochemical models.

Methods. We employed a numerical code that describes the sublimation of molecules from an icy grain, layer by layer, also considering a limited diffusion of bulk-ice molecules toward the surface before they sublimate. We studied a grain, suddenly heated to peak temperature T, which cools via sublimation and radiation.

Results. A number of questions were answered. The choice of grain heat capacity C has a limited effect on the number of sublimated molecules N, if the grain temperature T > 40 K. For grains with different sizes, CR-induced desorption is most efficient for rather small grains with a core radius of a ≈ 0.02 μm. CR-induced sublimation of CO2 ice can occur only from small grains if their peak temperature is T > 80 K and there is a lack of other volatiles. The presence of H2 molecules on grain surface hastens their cooling and thus significantly reduces N for other sublimated molecules for T ≤ 30 K. Finally, if there is no diffusion and subsequent sublimation of bulk-ice molecules (i.e., sublimation occurs only from the surface layer), sublimation yields do not exceed 1–2 monolayers and, if T > 50 K, N does not increase with increasing T.

Conclusions. Important details regarding the sublimation cooling of icy interstellar grains were clarified, which will enable a proper consideration of this process in astrochemical modeling.
Features of steam turbines diagnostics
Authors: Murmanskii Ilia , Aronson Konstantin , Murmansky Boris , Sosnovskii Andrei , Novosyolov Vladimir , Brodov Yuri
Published: July 2020

Enterprises of energy equipment and operational utilities set sights on diagnostic systems. This is necessary for state control and maintenance planning of steam turbines. It is useful for digitalization purposes too. So far, some mathematical systems are already used. Algorithms for flow part, heat expansion system, control system, vibration-based diagnostics and auxiliary equipment are already designed. We designed algorithms just in principle. Adapting them, for the PT-75/80-90 turbine we met with difficulties. Firstly, we should connect them to a single interface. Secondly, adaptation should include features of the equipment, its state (if not new), even operating conditions. Diagnostic signs for each turbine are the most important. We define them based on the operational data. When adapting the algorithms, we reconsider the signs list. We also estimate its coefficients of importance again. This requires experts to study designs, calculations, and modelling. We also analyzed a large amount of operation data at various power plants. To define the state we use tests. Adapting is based on the modes of a specific power station. Following this strategy, we adapt general algorithms for various turbines.
Electron Spectroscopy of CdMeTe Nanostructures Created on CdTe Surface Under Ion Bombardment
Authors: Yokub Ergashov , Boltakhodja Umirzakov
Published: July 2020

The electronic structure of CdMeTe nanostructures was studied by a variety of techniques of secondary and photoelectron spectroscopy. Particularly, for the first time it has been shown that in the conductivity band of the CdZnTe films there are maximums peaks of free electronic states with energies 3.5 and 4.4 eV relative Ev.
Technical and economic efficiency of proactive diagnostic systems for power transformers
Authors: Alyunov A.N. , Vyatkina O.S. , Udaratin A.V. , Zaripova D.A.
Published: July 2020

The expediency of using systems of proactive diagnostics of power transformers is substantiated. The diagnostic system expands the possibilities of analyzing the transformer condition in operating mode. It allows one to minimize the expected damage from interruptions in power supply and equipment failure. The results can be used in world practice during construction of various control systems to identify developing transformer defects caused by windings deformations.
A Systematic Review on Secondary Metabolites of Paecilomyces Species: Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity
Authors: Li Xiu-Qi , Xu Kuo , Liu Xin-Min , Zhang Peng
Published: July 2020

Fungi are well known for their ability to synthesize secondary metabolites, which have proven to be a rich resource for exploring lead compounds with medicinal and/or agricultural importance. The genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces are the most widely studied fungal groups, from which a plethora of bioactive metabolites have been characterized. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the genus Paecilomyces, which has been reported to possess great potential for its application as a biocontrol agent. Meanwhile, a wide structural array of metabolites with attractive bioactivities has been reported from this genus. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of Paecilomyces species, with emphasis on the chemical diversity and relevant biological activities of these metabolic products. Herein, a total of 148 compounds and 80 references are cited in this review, which is expected to be beneficial for the
development of medicines and agrochemicals in the near future.
An Efficient One-Pot Protocol for Direct Access to Diarylmethyl Thioglycosides with para-Quinone Methides via S-Glycosyl Isothiouronium Salts
Authors: Mandal Pintu Kumar , Dubey Atul
Published: July 2020

An efficient one-pot protocol has been developed for the direct preparation of diarylmethyl thioglycosides starting from per-O-acetylated sugars via glycosyl isothiouronium salts. The one-pot reaction conditions involve rapid conversion of the per-O-acetylated sugar with thiourea in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate as catalyst to give the corresponding glycosyl isothiouronium salt, which is subsequently treated with a para-quinone methide in the presence of a base to give the a diarylmethyl thioglycoside in excellent yield.
Analog architectures for neural network acceleration based on non-volatile memory
Authors: Xiao T. Patrick , Bennett Christopher H. , Feinberg Ben , Agarwal Sapan , Marinella Matthew J.
Published: July 2020

Analog hardware accelerators, which perform computation within a dense memory array, have the potential to overcome the major bottlenecks faced by digital hardware for data-heavy workloads such as deep learning. Exploiting the intrinsic computational advantages of memory arrays, however, has proven to be challenging principally due to the overhead imposed by the peripheral circuitry and due to the non-ideal properties of memory devices that play the role of the synapse. We review the existing implementations of these accelerators for deep supervised learning, organizing our discussion around the different levels of the accelerator design hierarchy, with an emphasis on circuits and architecture. We explore and consolidate the various approaches that have been proposed to address the critical challenges faced by analog accelerators, for both neural network inference and training, and highlight the key design trade-offs underlying these techniques.
Assessing the frontier: Active learning, model accuracy, and multi-objective candidate discovery and optimization
Authors: del Rosario Zachary , Rupp Matthias , Kim Yoolhee , Antono Erin , Ling Julia
Published: July 2020

Discovering novel chemicals and materials can be greatly accelerated by iterative machine learning-informed proposal of candidates—active learning. However, standard global error metrics for model quality are not predictive of discovery performance and can be misleading. We introduce the notion of Pareto shell error to help judge the suitability of a model for proposing candidates. Furthermore, through synthetic cases, an experimental thermoelectric dataset and a computational organic molecule dataset, we probe the relation between acquisition function fidelity and active learning performance. Results suggest novel diagnostic tools, as well as new insights for the acquisition function design.
A two-step biopolymer nucleation model shows a nonequilibrium critical point
Authors: Taylor Alexander I. P. , Gahan Lianne D. , Chakrabarti Buddhapriya , Staniforth Rosemary A.
Published: July 2020

Biopolymer self-assembly pathways are complicated by the ability of their monomeric subunits to adopt different conformational states. This means nucleation often involves a two-step mechanism where the monomers first condense to form a metastable intermediate, which then converts to a stable polymer by conformational rearrangement of constituent monomers. Nucleation intermediates play a causative role in amyloid diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. While existing mathematical models neglect the conversion dynamics, experiments show that conversion events frequently occur on comparable timescales to the condensation of intermediates and growth of mature polymers and thus cannot be ignored. We present a model that explicitly accounts for simultaneous assembly and conversion. To describe conversion, we propose an experimentally motivated initiation-propagation mechanism in which the stable phase arises locally within the intermediate and then spreads by nearest-neighbor interactions, in a manner analogous to one-dimensional Glauber dynamics. Our analysis shows that the competing timescales of assembly and conversion result in a nonequilibrium critical point, separating a regime where intermediates are kinetically unstable from one where conformationally mixed intermediates accumulate. This strongly affects the accumulation rate of the stable biopolymer phase. Our model is uniquely able to explain experimental phenomena such as the formation of mixed intermediates and abrupt changes in the scaling exponent γ, which relates the total monomer concentration to the accumulation rate of the stable phase. This provides a first step toward a general model of two-step biopolymer nucleation, which can quantitatively predict the concentration and composition of biologically crucial intermediates.
Plane-wave approach to the exact van der Waals interaction between colloid particles
Authors: Spreng Benjamin , Maia Neto Paulo A. , Ingold Gert-Ludwig
Published: July 2020

The numerically exact evaluation of the van der Waals interaction, also known as Casimir interaction when including retardation effects, constitutes a challenging task. We present a new approach based on the plane-wave basis and demonstrate that it possesses advantages over the more commonly used multipole basis. The rotational symmetry of the plane–sphere and sphere–sphere geometries can be exploited by means of a discrete Fourier transform. The new technique is applied to a study of the interaction between a colloid particle made of polystyrene or mercury and another polystyrene sphere or a polystyrene wall in an aqueous solution. Special attention is paid to the influence of screening caused by a variable salt concentration in the medium. It is found that, in particular for low salt concentrations, the error implied by the proximity force approximation is larger than usually assumed. For a mercury droplet, a repulsive interaction is found for sufficiently large distances, provided that screening is negligible. We emphasize that the effective Hamaker parameter depends significantly on the scattering geometry on which it is based.
Hole injection in perovskite light-emitting device with PEDOT:PSS/perovskite interface via MS contact
Authors: Mai Chaohuang , Li Miaozi , Zheng Hua , Mu Lan , Cun Yangke , Yu Danmu , Li Jiali , Zhang Binbin , Wang Jian
Published: July 2020

The hole-injection mechanism of FAPbBr3-based lead halide perovskite light-emitting diodes with PEDOT:PSS as the hole injection layer is revealed as the metal-semiconductor contact at the PEDOT:PSS/perovskite interface. The accumulation of ionic charges at the interface at the external voltage is responsible for the enhancement of hole injection. It is discovered that the strong binding between the positively charged PEDOT chain and the negatively charged Br− gives rise to the slowest charge relaxation. Moreover, the charge concentration of FAPbBr3 perovskite is estimated to be around 3.0 × 1018 cm−3 by saturating the relaxation current.
LRRK2 mediates axon development by regulating Frizzled3 phosphorylation and growth cone–growth cone communication
Authors: Onishi Keisuke , Tian Runyi , Feng Bo , Liu Yiqiong , Wang Junkai , Li Yinan , Zou Yimin
Published: July 2020

Significance

In addition to responding to directional cues, axons join one another as they extend to form highly organized projections. We show here that growth cones communicate with each other, and this communication is mediated by planar cell polarity signaling components, which are known to mediate cell–cell interactions in tissue polarization. This interaction is, in part, mediated by an intercellular interaction between Frizzled3 and Vangl2. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), encoded by a Parkinson’s disease gene, regulates Frizzled3 phosphorylation and the intercellular interaction between Frizzled3 and Vangl2. Both loss-of-function and gain-of-function LRRK2 mutants show axon guidance defects, including those of the dopaminergic neurons, suggesting that this Parkinson’s disease gene plays important roles in growth cone–growth cone interactions during axon development.