bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Federated Learning for Multi-Modal Health Data Integration: Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy and Ensuring Data Privacy
Authors: Nair Arjun
Published: February 2025

The healthcare sector is experiencing a surge in diverse health data, encompassing medical imaging, electronic health
records and live sensor readings from wearable technology. Integrating these multi-modal datasets holds immense potential for
improving medical care by facilitating better diagnostic accuracy, customized therapeutic approaches, and more comprehensive
understanding of how diseases evolve. However, centralizing this sensitive patient data across various institutions raises
significant privacy concerns and raises complex issues around data stewardship and administrative oversight.Federated learning
has surfaced as a potential approach to harness the wealth of available data while safeguarding patient privacy. Federated
Learning (FL) facilitates a collaborative approach to model training among various healthcare institutions, allowing them to
work together without needing to exchange their raw data. This research presents an innovative FL framework specifically
designed to integrate multi-modal health data. Our method tackles the issues of data variability and model integration in
federated environments, with the goal of improving diagnostic precision and personalizing treatment suggestions, all while
maintaining the confidentiality of patient data.
Educación Psicológica: ¿Estamos en Siglo XXI o en el Medioevo?
Authors: Guarneros-Reyes Esperanza , Silva-Rodriguez Arturo
Published: February 2025

This chapter poses the question of whether the current approach to education in psychology meets the needs and challenges of the 21st century. The aim is to analyze and compare the educational model used in the medieval period with today’s teaching of psychology, which is based on a single theoretical approach, highlighting the surprising similarities in focus and purpose despite the temporal separation of about 10 centuries. It shows how current psychological education seeks to train students in a specific theoretical tradition within the discipline of psychology, and how this choice limits the perspective and vision of future psychologists. Finally, the importance of fostering an open and flexible attitude towards the diversity of perspectives in the field of psychology is emphasized, and the current worrying trend towards dogmatism and intellectual inbreeding in psychological education is noted.
Evaluación y cadena de impacto en el aprendizaje de un sistema e-learning para bachillerato
Authors: Guarneros-Reyes Esperanza , Espinoza-Zepeda Argenis Josué
Published: February 2025

This chapter analyzes the impact of using an e-learning system designed for the subject of Psychology on the learning outcomes of students from a public high school in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. The study involved 48 students and the group’s teacher, employing the Kirkpatrick evaluation model (2016), which includes four levels: reaction, learning, transfer, and the results of the e-learning system regarding the knowledge acquired in Psychology. The findings showed significant differences between the levels of reaction-learning, as well as between learning-transfer, and transfer-results. It is concluded that the implementation of the e-learning system had a positive impact on the educational process of the Psychology students, and the details of these results are discussed in the chapter.
Experiencias de formación de psicólogos a partir de cursos en línea autogestivos
Authors: Sánchez-Medina Ricardo Sánchez-Medina , Rosales-Piña Consuelo Rubi , Zúñiga-Rodríguez Maura
Published: February 2025

The objective of this research was to understand the experiences of psychology students who participate in self-managed online courses, offered by the Laboratory of Psychology, Technology, and Health, on various theoretical, methodological, or applied topics that contribute to their professional training. Over seven years, the results obtained from 17 courses taught (n=3015) are presented; this paper presents the contributions of the participants, in terms of their experience in the courses (n=1051). Additionally, those who did not finish were asked the reasons why they did not complete the courses (n=438). In general, university students report positive experiences participating in these courses in terms of their academic and professional training. However, there are also comments about dissatisfaction with these courses, either due to the complexity of the topics, the activities, or the form of evaluation; within the areas of opportunity, they point out aspects of the configuration, as well as the presentation of topics and activities. Those who did not finish the course generally attribute it to external causes to the course. These results show evidence of the importance of the instructional design used, the expected learning outcomes, and the ongoing contribution of this type of courses to the training of psychology students.
Ciberbullying y factores relacionados en estudiantes de educación media superior
Authors: Muñoz-Maldonado Sandra Ivonne , Durán-Baca Ximena , Regalado-Ortega Flor Montserrat
Published: February 2025

Using social networks safely can enhance interpersonal relationships; however, improper use can lead to problems such as cyberbullying, defined as repeated and intentional harassment among peers through technological means. The aim was to identify roles in cyberbullying, levels of self-efficacy, assertiveness, and empathy, as well as knowledge about security on digital platforms among Mexican high school students. A descriptive study with a non-experimental cross-sectional design was conducted on a sample of 26,248 youths. A low prevalence of victims and bullies was found, with poor notions about security on networks despite perceiving themselves as self-efficacious in managing it. They behave assertively and empathetically to a greater extent in situations of cyberbullying. It is concluded that it is necessary to reinforce how privacy is managed on social networks and the self-efficacy of observers and victims to stop this phenomenon.
Promoción de Habilidades Socioemocionales contra el Ciberacoso mediante Realidad Virtual
Authors: Berra-Ruiz Enrique , Brito-Sánchez Ana Isabel , Negrete-Cortés Agustín Jaime
Published: February 2025

Bullying is an event that involves the presence of aggressive and intimidating behaviors that occur repeatedly and intentionally from one peer to another who cannot defend themselves, generating a wide range of emotional problems. Currently, technologies such as virtual reality have been incorporated for the management of these aggressive behaviors, promoting the well-being of those involved. This paper describes some risk and protective factors of bullying among a group of 171 adolescents and young people aged 12 to 20 from the state of Baja California. It also evaluates the implementation of a preventive program that exposes them to various situations of cyberbullying, with the aim of raising awareness of the phenomenon and persuading them in decision-making to confront or resolve such situations, promoting the most effective strategies that impact the acquisition of socio-emotional skills. The results show an increase in empathy, assertiveness, and self-efficacy, this modifies passive behaviors to assertive and aggressive behaviors to passive; in addition, it shows a high acceptance of the virtual reality modality to better understand the situations of school cyberbullying and more effectively address the protective and risk factors in the face of this phenomenon.
Case Report: Combined Autoimmune Pancreatitis, Ulcerative Colitis and Sclerosing Cholangitis in 28-y.o. Patient
Authors: Khurmatullina A. R. , Okhlobystin A. V. , Androsova L. N. , Rzayev R. T. , Tertychnyy A. S. , Kiryukhin A. P. , Okhlobystina O. Z. , Zharkova M. S. , Shifrin O. S. , Ivashkin V. T.
Published: February 2025

Aim: to demonstrate difficulties of differential diagnostics in the case of combined autoimmune pancreatitis, sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis. Colonic lesions that initially had low grade of inflammation were resistant to immunosuppressive therapy.Key points. A 28-year-old female patient was admitted to the clinic for jaundice associated with pruritis. Based on the characteristic beaded appearance of the intrahepatic bile ducts at magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) was diagnosed. Subsequent examination revealed focal pancreatitis and total colitis with histological pattern, consistent with ulcerative colitis (UC). To determine the etiology of pancreatitis IgG4 serum level was examined, that showed over 2-fold elevation. This required differential diagnostics between PSC with IgG4 elevation, UC and type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) (more common in European population) on one hand and IgG4-associated systemic disease (more common in Asian population) with bile ducts, pancreas and large intestine involvement on the other. Liver histology failed to reveal histological signs characteristic of any type of cholangitis, pancreatic biopsy was not performed. Immunosuppressive therapy (steroids followed by thiopurines) resulted in rapid improvement of the pancreatic changes while no response was achieved for bile ducts and the colon that was in favor of the first concept (PSC + type 2 AIP + UC). The patient was recommended to receive biologic therapy for UC remission induction.Conclusion. Differential diagnostics of combined autoimmune lesions of the liver, the pancreas and colon may be complicated and carried out ex juvantibus according to response to immunosuppressive therapy.
Diagnostics and Treatment of Esophageal Achalasia (Clinical Guidelines of the Russian Gastroenterological Association, Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine, Russian Society for the Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases, REndO Endoscopic Society)
Authors: Ivashkin V. T. , Trukhmanov A. S. , Maev I. V. , Drapkina O. M. , Martynov A. I. , Storonova O. A. , Godgello E. A. , Korolev M. P. , Lapina T. L. , Pavlov P. V. , Paraskevova A. V. , Tarasova I. A. , Fedorov E. D. , Tskhovrebov A. T. , Shapka M. P. , Shestakov A. L. , Yurasov A. V.
Published: February 2025

Aim: to familiarize gastroenterologists, therapists, functional diagnostics and general practitioners (family doctors), radiologists, and endoscopists with modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of achalasia of the cardia.Key points. Achalasia is an idiopathic neuromuscular disease manifested by a functional disorder of the patency of the cardia due to a lack of coordination between swallowing, reflex opening of the lower esophageal sphincter, and the motor and tonic activity of the smooth muscles of the esophagus. The etiology of achalasia remains unclear. However, it is believed that the key role belongs to the changes in the myenteric (Auerbach’s) intermuscular plexus of the enteric nervous system of the esophagus, leading to loss of neuronal function. The following hypotheses have been proposed as the main mechanisms for the development of achalasia: genetic predisposition, exposure to viral infections, and idiopathic autoimmune triggers. Patients with suspected achalasia require a comprehensive instrumental examination, including esophagogastroduodenoscopy, timed barium esophagogram, and esophageal manometry. In recent years, high-resolution esophageal manometry has been recognized as the gold standard for achalasia diagnostics. To analyse the obtained data, the Chicago classification is recommended — it allows to ascertain the type of achalasia, which determines the choice of treatment method and the assessment of the prognosis of the therapy effectiveness. Treatment of achalasia can be pharmacological, endoscopic (pneumatic balloon dilation, peroral endoscopic myotomy, botulinum toxin injection), aimed at regulating the tone and motility of the esophagus and cardia while preserving all anatomical structures, and surgical (laparoscopic esophagocardiomyotomy, esophagectomy), in which the muscle fibers of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction are intersected or the altered esophagus is completely removed with simultaneous formation of an artificial esophagus from the stomach or colon (esophagoplasty).Conclusion. Implementation of the developed clinical guidelines can help to establish a diagnosis in a timely manner, which will lead to an improvement in the quality of medical care for patients with achalasia.
Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Multiple Primary Colorectal and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ignatov I. S. , Balaban V. V. , Bezrukov E. A. , Nikishina A. V. , He M. , Tsarkov P. V.
Published: February 2025

Aim: to evaluate the outcomes of surgical treatment of patients with multiple primary cancer of the colon and prostate.Materials and methods. An observational retrospective study was conducted at the Clinic of Coloproctology and Minimally Invasive Surgery (I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University). A total of 3,640 protocols of the preoperative multidisciplinary team were studied from July 2018 to April 2024. The inclusion criterion was the diagnosis of multiple colorectal and prostate cancer. The medical documentation was collected in the database and analyzed.Results. The study included 39 patients: 24 patients with a metachronous variant of multiple primary cancer and 15 patients with a synchronous variant of the disease, which amounted to 1.1 % of all patients who underwent a preoperative consultation during the specified period. There were no significant differences in age, localization of tumors in the colon, methods of their treatment, access in surgical treatment of colorectal cancer, frequency of conversions and postoperative complications (p > 0.05). Prostate cancer was verified first in the group with the metachronous variant of multiple primary cancer significantly more often than in the group with the synchronous variant (95.8 % vs. 40.0 %, respectively; p < 0.001), and was also significantly more often treated surgically (75.0 % vs. 33.3 %; p = 0.018). Radical prostatectomy was performed via laparotomy significantly less frequently in the group with the synchronous variant than in the group with the metachronous cancer (0 % vs. 58.8 %; p = 0.046). No significant differences were found when comparing overall and recurrence-free survival in groups with metachronous and synchronous variants of multiple primary cancer.Conclusions. A clinician should be alert to multiple primary colorectal and prostate cancer. The first stage of therapy for the synchronous variant should be surgical treatment of colorectal cancer. The history of surgical treatment of one of the tumors is not a contraindication for the use of minimally invasive techniques, however, the choice of surgical approach should be individualized. The presence of prostate cancer may be another factor in favor of performing lateral lymph node dissection in patients with synchronous rectal cancer.
Frihed som økologisk sensibilitet
Authors: Elmstrøm Lauritsen Janus
Published: February 2025

Denne artikel undersøger forholdet mellem menneske og natur i lyset af den økologiske krise og tesen om ’det antropocæne’. Artiklen argumenterer for, at eksisterende sociologiske frihedsbegreber ikke levner tilstrækkeligt plads til naturen som et meningsgivende og selvberoende værdifuldt Andet, og at der for at kunne etablere en bæredygtig social orden, som svarer på klimakrisen, er brug for et nyt og naturinkluderende frihedsbegreb, som korresponderer med og legitimerer denne orden.
Artiklen består af fire dele. Artiklens første del indkredser gennem filosofiske og samfundsdiagnostiske bidrag, hvordan naturen i moderniteten er forsvundet eller blevet konstrueret som død materie og forbinder denne bevægelse med et subjektivt naturtab og en svigtende natursensibilitet. Artiklens anden del undersøger naturens status i eksisterende sociologiske frihedsbegreber. I tredje del introduceres tre teoretiske perspektiver fra tre forskellige teoretiske traditioner – fænomenologi, kritisk teori og nymaterialisme – som bruges til at pege på en ny forståelse af relationen mellem menneske og natur, som i artiklens sidste del bringes i dialog med de traditionelle sociologiske frihedsbegreber med henblik på at formulere et nyt frihedsbegreb, som betegnes frihed som økologisk sensibilitet.
Frivilligt emotionelt krævende omsorgsarbejde
Authors: Caspersen Camilla , Villadsen Anne , Nabe-Nielsen Christine , Skov Henriksen Lars
Published: February 2025

I en tid med stigende aldrende befolkning og manglende hænder i sundhedssektoren italesættes frivillig organiseret omsorg oftere som en nødvendig ressource i velfærdsstatsligt regi. Allerede nu ses en stigende efterspørgsel efter frivillige indsatser som supplement til professionelles omsorgsarbejde. Med udgangspunkt i et begreb om frivilligt emotionelt krævende omsorgsarbejde undersøges Røde Kors’ Vågetjeneste som en case på en særligt udfordrende omsorgspraksis i spændingsfeltet mellem civilsamfundets og det offentliges ansvar. Vi fokuserer analytisk på spændingsfelter i forhold til vågearbejdets forskellige institutionelle krav, når grænsearbejde mellem den professionaliserede og den frivillige omsorg udfordres i praksis. Dette tydeliggør de ledelsesmæssige udfordringer, når frivillige organisationer får et større ansvar for at kunne håndtere og støtte den frivillige omsorgspraksis. Artiklen peger på, at offentlige og frivillige aktører må diskutere, hvordan grænsearbejde håndteres situationelt i praksis, da grænser forhandles i konkrete interaktioner mellem professionelle og frivillige og med en større åbenhed, end det ofte antages.
Hvis du kun har en hammer, ligner alt et søm
Authors: Rytter Mikkel , Liversage Anika , Lei Sparre Sara , Mohamad Ismail Abir
Published: February 2025

Det er naturligvis dejligt med læsere, når et forskningsprojekt munder ud i en bog som “Minoritetsældre og selvudpegede hjælpere: Kommunal velfærd og omsorg i forandring” (Rytter, Sparre, Ismail og Liversage 2021), der kaster lys over et i dansk sammenhæng hidtil ubeskrevet område – nemlig indvandrer- og flygtningefamiliers strategier i forhold til ældreomsorg. Men i stedet for at forholde sig til bogens problemstilling om omsorgsarbejde og ældrepleje, så læser Bo Wagner Sørensen og Sofie Danneskiold-Samsøe vores studie ind i deres egen dagsorden om “social kontrol” og “patriarkalsk samhørighed” i muslimske familier.
Obtaining a whole milk substitute and concentrates based on raw compositions
Authors:   Far Eastern State Agrarian University, Kolesnikov Dmitriy A. , Voyakin Sergey N. ,   Far Eastern State Agrarian University
Published: February 2025

This article presents the results of studies on the technological process of a whole
milk substitute and concentrates based on raw compositions available in the Amur Region. The
results of the research will make it possible to provide full-fledged feeding of animals and at the
same time reduce the cost of feeding them. This can be achieved by increasing the diet of animals
with local raw materials rich in protein, minerals and calcium. As a source rich in protein content, soy grain can be used; as sources of minerals – kelp (seaweed) and needles; and as sources of calcium
– chalk and eggshells. The use of soy as one of the components in animal feeding is explained
by the fact that it contains many other components necessary for full-fledged animal feeding, and
its production in the Amur region accounts for over 40 % of the total production in the Russian
Federation. At present, it is of great importance to find new methods and technical means that
would ensure the extraction of protein and other nutrients from soybean seeds in order to obtain
the so-called "soy milk", for its further use as a substitute for whole milk for young animals feeding.
At the same time, it should be noted that the use of "soy milk" as an alternative to whole milk
when feeding young animals is currently a proven fact. However, as the analysis has showed, the
currently used technical means, both intermittent and continuous, do not meet modern requirements
for energy consumption, metal consumption, and in some cases, the quality of the products
obtained. Therefore, the issue of creating a technological line for the purpose of extracting protein
and other nutrients contained in soybeans in the conditions of the Amur Region is still relevant.
Comparative economic tests of the KamAZ-4350 vehicle with an additional loading module
Authors:   Far Eastern State Agrarian University, Markov Sergey N. , Kidyaeva Natalia P. ,   Far Eastern State Agrarian University, Shchitov Sergey V. ,   Far Eastern State Agrarian University, Kuznetsov Evgeniy E. ,   Far Eastern State Agrarian University
Published: February 2025

The question of the effectiveness of the use of the vehicle fleet in the transport
and technological support of the agro-industrial complex is relevant for those regions where a
significant amount of precipitation is observed during the main agricultural operations, in particular
harvesting. Thus, the state of the driving surface significantly reduces the cross-country capability built into the vehicle by the manufacturer, which fully applies cross-country vehicles.
In most cases, cross-country vehicles have the ability to move on surfaces with high humidity,
but at the same time, after the passage of their wheel system, a deep track remains. At the same
time, it should be noted that if the vehicle moves along a piece of land with high humidity, then
after its passage it is necessary to carry out additional agricultural operations to decompact, embed
and level the soil layer. Production observations have established that one of the effective ways to
solve the problem of overconsolidation along the track of a car is to increase the contact area of the
wheel propellers with the driving surface by installing arched tires. This allows not only to reduce
the normal pressure of the wheel propellers on the soil, but also to increase the grip of the vehicle
when implementing methods for redistributing the additional vertical load on the wheel propellers.
The presented article presents the results of comparative tests of the KamAZ-4350 cross-country
vehicle on arched tires with a device that allows loading the drive wheels by using part of the
weight transferred from the car trailer using an original design device.
Reduction of traction resistance of a potato digger with a finger ploughshare
Authors:   Primorskaya State Agricultural Academy, Shishlov Aleksandr N. , Shapar Мikhail S. ,   Primorskaya State Agricultural Academy, Shishlov Dmitriy S. ,   Primorskaya State Agricultural Academy
Published: February 2025

The process of potato digging is characterized by high energy costs due to the interaction
of the digging tools of potato harvesting equipment with the tuberiferous soil layer. The
most common type of digging tool of a potato digger is a ploughshare. The proposed design of the
ploughshare can be installed on most domestic potato diggers. It differs from the serial design of
the digging tool by the cutting edge shape, divided into fingers of equal length, located at the same
distance from each other, having a one-sided sharpening on the back side and pointed in the front
part in the digging direction at an angle of 30 degrees. The design changing of the ploughshare allows
reducing the soil volume, entering the transporting and separating organs of the potato digger,
and minimizing the effort of introducing the ploughshare into the soil, contributing to a decrease in
traction resistance. The article presents some theoretical prerequisites and the research findings on
the effect of the digging tool design on the traction resistance of the potato digger.
Application of the feed concentrate "Cowfresh" in newly-calved cows
Authors:   Far Eastern State Agrarian University, Babukhadiya Ketevan R. , Perepelkina Lubov I. ,   Far Eastern State Agrarian University, Terekhov Sergey B. ,   Far Eastern State Agrarian University
Published: February 2025

Recovery of highly productive animals after calving is one of the key factors determining
future milk productivity. The feed concentrate "Cowfresh" inclusion in cow diet for a
short period at the beginning of lactation had a positive effect on the milking intensity and milk
quality indicators. The research was conducted in 2020 in the conditions of the livestock complex
"MilANKa" (Gribskoye, Amur region). For the experiments newly-calved red-and-white cows
from the first to the third lactation were selected according to the analogues pair’s principle and assigned to three experimental groups and one control group, 10 animals each. The purpose of the
scientific and economic experiment was to substantiate and study the effect on further productivity
of various dosages of the feed concentrate "Cowfresh" in newly-calved cows. The experiment
lasted 110 days from the moment of cow calving and consisted of two stages. The first stage is
the feed an aqueous solution of the feed concentrate "Cowfresh" in various dosages to different
experimental groups for 10 days once a day, and the second stage is a productivity monitoring for
100 days. As a result of the experiment, the positive effect of the feed concentrate "Cowfresh" on
cow recovery rate after calving and cow productivity during milking period was established. The
most optimal dosage was 200 g of the feed concentrate "Cowfresh" per 100 kg of body weight. At
the same time, the gross milk yield for 100 days of lactation in the second experimental group was
2 497 kg of natural fat milk, which is 22.4 % more than the control group indicator. A further dose
increase of the feed concentrate "Cowfresh" does not contribute to a significant rise in productivity.
The use of feed additives from asparaginates of iodine, cobalt and selenium in combination with the probiotic "Vitacell" in chicken feeding
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean, Tatarenko Igor Yu. , Babukhadiya Ketevan R. ,   Far Eastern State Agrarian University
Published: February 2025

The Far Eastern region is experiencing an acute shortage of micro and macroelements
in the soil, which leads to the inferiority of the fodder base in the livestock industry. Local
compound feeds do not meet the average Russian standards for nutrition and digestibility, which
often leads to large economic losses, diseases, as well as the death of the animal. Poultry farming
is one of the most highly efficient branches of animal husbandry. In the process of growing chickens should receive feed enriched with minerals and trace elements – this is required for the further
development of poultry. In this regard, it is worth paying special attention to the preparation of a
proper diet using biologically active additives. The purpose of our study is to analyze the effect of
iodine, cobalt and selenium in mineral and organic form in combination with the enzymatic probiotic
"Vitacell" on the growth and development indicators of young laying hens of an industrial
herd in the Amur region conditions. The scientific work carried out a detailed study of the chemical
composition of the fodder base, as well as the positive effect of the probiotic "Vitacell" on the
growth and development of young chickens. A comparison was made between the control group,
which received standard compound feed, and three experimental groups, which received compound
feed with the addition of asparaginates iodine, cobalt, selenium and probiotic "Vitacell".
As a result of the study, the main directions of feed optimization are proposed, taking into account
the administration of asparaginates iodine, cobalt, selenium and the enzymatic probiotic "Vitacell"
into standard compound feed. Their positive influence on the growth and development of poultry
has been proven. A production check of the research results showed the economic feasibility of
the combined use of asparaginates iodine, cobalt, selenium and the enzymatic probiotic "Vitacell".
Philosophy syllabi and complex thinking in secondary education: A state of the art
Authors: Llinás De Moya Ricardo Javier , Navarro Díaz Luis Ricardo , Sandoval Barros Ricardo Enrique , Mallarino Beleño Beatriz Paola , Mallarino Beleño Luis Alberto
Published: February 2025

This article focuses on constructing a state of the art through a systematic review conducted within the framework of a doctoral thesis investigation on philosophy syllabi in secondary education in relation to complex thinking, understood as critical and creative thinking. The research was conducted using the PRISMA method across databases and was categorized into two separate areas: on one hand, philosophy and syllabi, and on the other, philosophy and complex thinking (critical and creative thinking). Two corpora were created and analyzed to identify trends and gaps. The findings revealed the presence of French postmodern philosophy, socio-critical pedagogy, and the teaching of philosophy through questions. There was a consensus on the importance of implementing syllabi based on questions or problems rather than following a historical-linear approach. The discussion also addressed the role of literature, beyond the use of questions, concluding that it is necessary to update current syllabi to shift from a historical structure to one based on questions.
Caring for the Community: The Effects of Client Civic Benefit on Auditors’ Stakeholder Prioritizations and Audit Judgments
Authors: Knutson Macy J. , Stefaniak Chad M. , Brown Timothy J.
Published: February 2025

SYNOPSIS

We investigate whether a for-profit firm’s civic benefit (i.e., the direct societal benefit provided through the organization’s primary operations) affects how auditors prioritize nonfinancial stakeholders, and whether that prioritization influences auditors’ judgments. Our experiment shows auditors (1) prioritize nonfinancial stakeholders (the community) above financial stakeholders (a bank), and (2) are less likely to convey information about significant client risks when auditing clients with more civic benefit. Our results provide initial evidence that auditors’ consideration of relevant stakeholders not only extends to nonfinancial stakeholders, but also is malleable based on client-specific factors. Although potentially noble, the prioritization of nonfinancial stakeholders runs counter to extant professional guidance. Accordingly, our results could be important to regulators who may have to address how auditors should incorporate nonfinancial stakeholders into their judgment framework. Moreover, our results inform auditors who are auditing higher civic benefit organizations more frequently given the increasing corporate focus on prosocial activities.

Data availability: Data are available upon request.
EDGAR Implementation, Unionization, and Strategic Disclosure
Authors: Aobdia Daniel , Cheng Lin , Tan Qin , Wu Xuan
Published: February 2025

This study focuses on the effect of disclosure processing frictions in labor markets. We go back in time 30 years ago and examine whether firms facing strong organized labor strategically responded to the implementation of the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval (EDGAR) system, which substantially reduced labor unions’ information processing costs. Consistent with firms having incentives to maintain an information advantage over unions for bargaining purposes, we find that they reduce financial statement disaggregation, the likelihood and frequency of management forecasts, and the proportion of good news forecasts. Our study is the first to investigate the implications of information processing costs for labor markets and suggests that an SEC mandate intended to reduce disclosure processing costs for investors caused unintended strategic responses by firms facing proprietary cost of disclosures in other markets.

Data Availability: Data are available from sources identified in the text.

JEL Classifications: M40; M41; J51; J52.
The Burden of Diabetes Mortality by County, Race, and Ethnicity in the U.S., 2000–2019
Authors: Nassereldine Hasan , Li Zhuochen , Compton Kelly , Kendrick Parkes , Kahn Ethan , Kelly Yekaterina O. , Baumann Mathew M. , Schmidt Chris A. , Sylte Dillon O. , Ong Kanyin Liane , La Motte-Kerr Wichada , Daoud Farah , McLaughlin Susan A. , Hay Simon I. , Rodriquez Erik J. , Nápoles Anna M. , Mensah George A. , Pérez-Stable Eliseo J. , Mokdad Ali H. , Dwyer-Lindgren Laura
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE

Diabetes is a leading cause of death in the U.S. Previous studies have found substantial racial, ethnic, and geographical disparities in diabetes mortality; however, research considering racial, ethnic, and geographical disparities simultaneously has been limited. To fill this gap, we estimated trends in diabetes mortality rates from 2000 to 2019 at the county level for five racial and ethnic populations.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We applied small-area estimation methods to death registration data from the U.S. National Vital Statistics System and population data from the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics and corrected for misclassification of race and ethnicity on death certificates.

RESULTS

Age-standardized diabetes mortality rates decreased in the U.S. from 28.1 deaths per 100,000 (95% uncertainty interval 27.9–28.2) in 2000 to 19.1 deaths per 100,000 (19.0–19.2) in 2019. In 2019, national-level rates were highest for the American Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN) population (35.6 [32.1–39.4]), followed by the Black (31.9 [31.5–32.3]), Latino (19.7 [19.3–20.2]), White (17.6 [17.5–17.8]), and Asian (12.6 [12.1–13.1]) populations. There was substantial heterogeneity in diabetes mortality rates across counties within each racial and ethnic population, with the AIAN population experiencing the greatest heterogeneity in 2019 (interquartile range 18.7–50.3 [median 31.9]). For each racial and ethnic population, mortality rates declined in most counties from 2000 to 2019.

CONCLUSIONS

Since 2000, progress has been made in reducing diabetes mortality rates. Nonetheless, diabetes mortality remains too high for many Americans. Interventions focusing on communities at highest risk are vital to resolving persistent health inequities.
Sexual distress among men with cancer – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nahavandipour Jonas , Johansen Christoffer , Giraldi Annamaria , Rafn Bolette Skjøft , Von Heymann Annika
Published: February 2025

Background and purpose: Many men with cancer experience that changes created by cancer and its treatment may impair sexual function. However, many studies investigating sexual impairments fail to consider whether such impairments are perceived as distressing, i.e. create sexual distress. We investigated the prevalence of sexual distress, overlap with sexual impairment, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and other symptoms associated with sexual distress in a heterogeneous male cancer population.
Patients and methods: Across cancer diagnoses, 2792 men in treatment or follow up at the Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, were invited. The Sexual Complaint Screener (SCS) assessed sexual impairments and sexual distress. Regression analyses estimated the association of sexual distress with sociodemographic and tumor-related factors, other symptoms (pain, depression, fatigue, insomnia, fear of recurrence), and health-related quality of life. The number of patients who received help for or were interested in a consultation for sexual problems was calculated.
Results: Six hundred and ninety-six patients, most frequently diagnosed with testicular (26%) or multiple (16%) cancers, completed the SCS. Forty-one per cent experienced sexual distress, 60% sexual impairment, and 34% overlapping sexual distress and impairment. Sexual distress was significantly associated with clinically relevant insomnia (OR:2.15; 95% CI:1.5–3.1) and pain (OR:1.90; 95% CI:1.3–2.9). Two thirds of all patients wished for help, but only one third of these were receiving help.
Interpretation: Sexual distress was widespread in men across different cancer diagnoses and sometimes presented without impairment, demonstrating that assessment of sexual problems must include the personal experience of distress and extend to men across cancer diagnoses.
Meningkatkan Kompetensi Pengetahuan Matematika Siswa Sekolah Dasar dengan Model Student Teams Achievement Division Berbantuan Multimedia Interaktif
Authors: Kamalini Ni Made Tia , Wiarta I Wayan
Published: February 2025

Kurangnya pemahaman peserta didik terhadap materi mata pelajaran matematika dan kurangnya keterampilan guru dalam proses pembelajaran mengakibatkan masih rendahnya kompetensi pengetahuan pada mata pelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh model pembelajaran STAD berbantuan Multimedia Interaktif terhadap kompetensi pengetahuan matematika siswa kelas IV SD. Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimen semu dengan rancangan non-ekuivalent control grup design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar sebanyak 294 siswa. Teknik penentuan sampel yang digunakan adalah cluster random sampling yang memperoleh kelas IV sebanyak 30 siswa sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan sebanyak 31 siswa sebagai kelompok kontrol. Pengumpulan data kompetensi pengetahuan matematika menggunakan instrumen tes objektif sebanyak 30 soal yang sudah divalidasi. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa terdapat perbedaaan yang signifikan kompetensi pengetahuan matematika antara kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan menggunakan model STAD berbantuan multimedia interaktif dengan kelompok siswa yang tidak dibelajarkan menggunakan model STAD berbantuan multimedia interaktif terhadap kemampuan matematika siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa model STAD berbantuan multimedia interaktif berpengaruh terhadap kompetensi pengetahuan matematika siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah model Student Teams Achievement Division berbantuan multimedia interaktif dapat membuat siswa memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis dalam menyelesaikan tugas sehingga sangat direkomendasikan untuk diterapkan dalam proses pembelajaran.
Inclusive Education: Survey on Teachers' Perception of Its Implementation
Authors: Padmadewi Ni Nyoman , Sukadana I Made Sukma Adisetiawan , Artini Luh Putu , Ana I Ketut Trika Adi , Lesmana Kadek Yogi Parta , Susiani Ketut
Published: February 2025

Inclusive education is still something new in Indonesia's education system. Teachers have an essential role in the learning process, and teachers' perceptions of inclusive classes influence the quality of inclusive class implementation. For this reason, this research aims to analyse teachers' perceptions of implementing inclusive classes. This research was carried out using a survey method involving 285 teachers in Indonesia as respondents. The data in this study was collected using a questionnaire consisting of several closed and several open questions. The collected data was then analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Based on the quantitative data, this research found that teachers in Indonesia have positive perceptions of implementing inclusive classes. However, from the qualitative data, it was found that they still feel they need more knowledge to implement quality inclusive classes. Additionally, training regarding implementing inclusive classes is still very limited, so it has yet to make teachers feel confident in implementing inclusive classes. Thus, this study concludes that teachers in Indonesia positively perceive implementing inclusive classes but cannot implement them optimally. So, support from the government, especially the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, to facilitate education and training in implementing inclusive classes for teachers is necessary to realize inclusive classes and quality inclusive education.
Sir Francis Galton's Philosophy of Measurement Science and Its Relevance for the Development of the Psychometric Paradigm
Authors: Nugraha Dwi Yan , Kuswanjono Arqom
Published: February 2025

This article discusses the origins of the psychometric paradigm and its reliance on the notion that mental attributes can be measured. Galton's assumption that mental attributes can be discerned through definite actions in response to definite situations is misguided. This article highlights the ternary nature of causality, involving causes, effects, and specific causal fields. The same cause may not produce the same effect in different causal fields, and different causes may produce the same effect in different causal fields. The relationships between observable measures and aspects of character are unclear, and indirect indices of mental attributes are inherently ambiguous. This article focuses on Francis Galton's role in establishing these beliefs and argues that his reasoning was flawed and influenced by Pythagoras' philosophy of science and his desire to present eugenics as science. This paper aims to describe Sir Francis Galton's theory regarding the science of measurement and its relevance to psychometrics. Using the literature review method on various sources (scientific articles and textbooks) related to the topic of discussion. Overall, this article challenges the assumption that mental attributes are inherently quantitative and  argues  for  a  more  nuanced understanding of  measurement in psychometrics.
Membangun Kesadaran Ekologis di Era Digital: Eksplorasi Filsafat Nilai Max Scheler dalam Konten Pandawara Group
Authors: Dony Ahmad Rama
Published: February 2025

Permasalahan serius terkait sampah telah menjadi katalisator utama dalam krisis lingkungan hidup global saat ini. Tantangan ini mendorong berbagai kalangan untuk merumuskan solusi konkret menghadapi dampak negatif dari manajemen sampah yang belum optimal. Dalam era digital, pertautan antara filsafat nilai dan konten digital menjadi semakin penting, konten digital, khususnya yang tersebar melalui media sosial, mengandung nilai-nilai yang memerlukan eksplorasi mendalam guna memahami implikasi etisnya terhadap transformasi pola pikir dan perilaku masyarakat secara luas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan serta mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai yang ada dalam aksi dan publikasi konten penanganan sampah oleh Pandawara Group dalam perspektif filsafat nilai Max Scheler. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan sejumlah nilai-nilai yang tercermin dalam aksi dan publikasi konten Pandawara Group terkait dengan penanganan sampah. Pertama, munculnya nilai kebahagiaan, yang ditemukan dalam dampak positif yang dirasakan oleh pengguna media secara umum ketika berinteraksi dengan konten Pandawara Group. Kedua, munculnya nilai vital, yang tercermin dalam upaya penyadaran kembali terhadap kesejahteraan umum dan kesehatan. Ketiga, terdapat penggugah  kepedulian  spiritual  terhadap  lingkungan  sekitar  bagi  pengguna  media  sosial dengan menunjukkan keterkaitan antara dimensi spiritual dengan pelestarian lingkungan. Terakhir, pada tahap tertinggi, munculnya nilai-nilai kesucian, yang tercermin dalam penghargaan terhadap hak-hak alam yang harus di jaga. Pandawara Group telah menjelma sebagai suatu entitas yang bukan hanya berperan sebagai agen perubahan, melainkan juga memberikan dampak positif yang signifikan dalam menciptakan nilai-nilai kesadaran, kebijaksanaan, dan kesejahteraan di kalangan masyarakat dalam upaya menjaga kelestarian lingkungan.
Kuntowijoyo's Concept of Scientification of Islam and its Relevance for Post-Secular Society
Authors: Mahendra Richo Bintang , Rizkita Muhammad , Nurcholish Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Modernity is a period that gave birth to the phenomenon of secularization of science. Religion was only placed in the private sphere. However, in the 21st century, religion is now starting to appear in the public sphere. Religious discourse can appear in the exchange of discourse in the public sphere. This paper discusses the discourse of religion as a paradigm in the development of sciences in Kuntowijoyo's idea of Scientification of Islam as an new framework to viewing relationship between religion and sciences. In addition to describing descriptively, this paper also tries to see the relevance of Kuntowijoyo's ideas in the social context of post-secular society. The research method this study is Hans-Georg Gadamer's contextual interpretation. Gadamer states that the understanding process is a fusion between the horizon of the writer and the reader. The method is used by the author in seeing the relevance of the concept of Scientification of Islam to the reality of post-secular society. The results of this study show that descriptively Scientification of Islam is an effort to demystify, which is to draw the text into the human social context. Demystification of Islam can be a new discourse for the development of Islamic thought in order to realize Islam rahmatan lil alamin. Efforts in realizing Islam rahmatan lil alamin are achieved through two stages that are interrelated with each other, namely the integralization of Quranic discourse with general sciences and objectification of Quranic discourses so that they can be accepted by society in general. The concept of Scientification of Islam offered by Kuntowijoyo can be an effort of Muslims in translating particular theological language into a generally accepted language, so that the Islamic discourses contained in the Quran can be relevant and accepted in general by all secular societies in the context of post- secular society.
Corak Pemikiran Nurcholish Madjid dalam Bingkai Politik Kebangsaan di Indonesia
Authors: Hidayatulloh Taufik , Muna Izzul
Published: February 2025

The process of seeking meaning within oneself is a deep and often complex journey involving various psychological, emotional, and philosophical aspects. This includes when an individual interprets themselves as a volunteer. This study explores the experiences and life meanings of social volunteers in Bali through the lens of Jean-Paul Sartre's existentialism. The data for this research was collected through in-depth interviews with three informants, selected using snowball sampling techniques. The interview results were then analyzed using Sartre's existentialist perspective. The findings, related to the principle that "existence precedes essence," suggest that volunteers in this study are able to find meaning in themselves through the experiences they gain while existing as volunteers. Regarding the experience of etre en soi (being-in-itself), volunteers have the capacity to manipulate various facts to preserve their existence. The form of manipulation observed is through neglect that occurs when volunteers experience discrediting by their surrounding social environment. The experience of etre en soi faced by volunteers does not lead them to feel they are in a state of 'bad faith' (mauvaise foi). Volunteers in this study can be considered existentialists, possessing a dimension of authenticity within themselves. These volunteers do not perceive their engagement in social activities as a form of coercion but rather as a willingness to fulfill their instinct for freedom.