bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liquid Phase Assisted Superplastic Deformation of TiO2-Doped ZTA Ceramics
Authors: Zu Yufei , Chen Guoqing , Fu Xuesong , Zhou Wenlong
Published: June 2019

In this study, the compressive deformation of zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) ceramics doped with different amounts of TiO2 dopants were investigated in the temperature range of 1300–1400 °C to evaluate the stress exponent (n value) and apparent deformation activation energy (Q value). With 0–8 wt.% TiO2 dopants, the n values and Q values of the TiO2-doped ZTA ceramics were calculated as 2–3 and 605–749 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, three grain boundary features were observed in these deformed materials, named the clean grain boundary, thin liquid phase grain boundary, and thick liquid phase grain boundary. Based on the deformation behavior and microstructure evolution, it was found that the lower apparent activation energy and higher strain rate of TiO2-doped ZTA ceramics are intensively related to the grain boundary feature.
Dry Sliding Wear Performance of ZA27/SiC/GraphiteComposites
Authors: Miloradović Nenad , Vujanac Rodoljub , Mitrović Slobodan , Miloradović Danijela
Published: June 2019

The paper describes the wear performance of zinc-aluminium ZA27 alloy, reinforced with silicon-carbide (SiC) and graphite (Gr) particles. The compo-casting technique produced the composite samples. The tested samples were: ZA27 alloy, ZA27/5%SiC composite, and ZA27/5%SiC/3%Gr hybrid composite. A block-on-disc tribometer was used during wear tests under the dry sliding conditions by varying the normal loads and sliding speeds. The sliding distance was constant during tests. The microstructure of the worn surfaces of the tested materials was analysed using the scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and the energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS).
Investigation into the Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding of AA5052 and AA6061 Aluminum Alloys Using Pin-Eccentric Stir Tool
Authors: Chen Yu , Wang He , Li Huaying , Wang Xiaoyu , Ding Hua , Zhao Jingwei , Zhang Fenghe
Published: June 2019

Friction stir welding with different pin-eccentric stir tools (the pin eccentricities were 0, 0.4, and 0.8 mm, respectively) was successfully utilized for joining dissimilar aluminum alloys AA5052 and AA6061, and the influences of pin eccentricity on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of joints were investigated. The results showed that sound joints could be obtained by placing the hard AA6061 in the advancing side, while the welding heat input led to both the coarsening of strengthening precipitates and dynamic recrystallization and softening of the nugget zone (NZ). The application of pin eccentricity promoted the material flow in the NZ and enlarged the area of the “onion ring”. Furthermore, the average grain size and fraction of recrystallized grain in the NZ decreased as the pin eccentricity increased. All joints failed in the NZ during tensile tests, and the joint produced by the 0.8 mm-pin-eccentric stir tool performed the highest tensile strength due to the enhanced grain-boundary and dislocation strengthening.
Experimental Investigation on the Deformation Behavior of Inconel 625 Superalloy at High Temperatures
Authors: Jeong Gyeong Uk , Jin Chul Kyu , Seo Hyung Yoon , Kang Chung Gil
Published: June 2019

Inconel 625 alloys are widely applied for high-corrosion resistance and as high-efficiency materials in aeronautical, aerospace, chemical, nuclear, petrochemical, and marine industries. Although Inconel 625 alloys are excellent materials, they cannot be formed at room temperature owing to difficulties in processing. To improve the formability of Inconel 625, it is necessary to investigate its formability at a high-temperature range and its strain rate variation. In this study, high-temperature deformation behavior after forming was investigated. A high-temperature compression test was performed with a Gleeble 3500 testing machine at various temperatures (approximately 900–1200 °C) and strain rates (10 and 30 s−1) to obtain the high-temperature deformation characteristics of Inconel 625. Furthermore, high-temperature tensile tests were performed to measure elongations and reductions in the area of the Inconel 625 alloy. The tests focused on obtaining the flow stress data and optimal hot forging conditions under various strain rates and temperatures. The results of this research are expected to contribute to hot forming processes and to formability in hot extrusion and pilger processes.
Comparison of Strategies for the Determination of Sterol Sulfates via GC-MS Leading to a Novel Deconjugation-Derivatization Protocol
Authors: Junker Julia , Chong Isabelle , Kamp Frits , Steiner Harald , Giera Martin , Müller Christoph , Bracher Franz
Published: June 2019

Sulfoconjugates of sterols play important roles as neurosteroids, neurotransmitters, and ion channel ligands in health and disease. In most cases, sterol conjugate analysis is performed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This is a valuable tool for routine analytics with the advantage of direct sterol sulfates analysis without previous cleavage and/or derivatization. The complementary technique gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a preeminent discovery tool in the field of sterolomics, but the analysis of sterol sulfates is hampered by mandatory deconjugation and derivatization. Despite the difficulties in sample workup, GC-MS is an indispensable tool for untargeted analysis and steroid profiling. There are no general sample preparation protocols for sterol sulfate analysis using GC-MS. In this study we present a reinvestigation and evaluation of different deconjugation and derivatization procedures with a set of representative sterol sulfates. The advantages and disadvantages of trimethylsilyl (TMS), methyloxime-trimethylsilyl (MO-TMS), and trifluoroacetyl (TFA) derivatives were examined. Different published procedures of sterol sulfate deconjugation, including enzymatic and chemical cleavage, were reinvestigated and examined for diverse sterol sulfates. Finally, we present a new protocol for the chemical cleavage of sterol sulfates, allowing for simultaneous deconjugation and derivatization, simplifying GC-MS based sterol sulfate analysis.
Flowering Stage and Daytime Affect Scent Emission of Malus ioensis “Prairie Rose”
Authors: Fan Junjun , Zhang Wangxiang , Zhang Donglin , Wang Guibin , Cao Fuliang
Published: June 2019

Flowering crabapple is an important ornamental flower. It is vital to understand the floral scent properties and the associated release dynamics for carrying out fragrant flower breeding or floral regulation of crabapple. Static headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the volatile compounds in Malus ioensis “Prairie Rose” flowers at different flowering stages and at different day-night time. The results showed that methylheptenone, phenylethanol, geranylacetone, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol, α-cedrene were the major compounds in M. ioensis “Prairie Rose”, but the compounds released during different stages and different day-night time were significantly different (P < 0.0001). A total of 25 volatile compounds were identified from the four flowering stages. The floral scents in the initial and flowering stages were the most similar (dissimilarity 0.21). The main compounds in these two stages were geranylacetone and methylheptenone, and the contents of geranylacetone and phenylethanol were positively correlated with the flowering stages. From the bud stage to the end of flowering, the total amount of volatile compounds released showed an initial increase followed by a decrease and the amounts of compounds released during the initial flowering stage were the highest. The aliphatic and benzenoids content was significant higher in the daytime than at night. A total of 15 compounds were detected in the five time periods. Methylheptenone and phenylethanol were particularly released in the 10:00–12:00 and 15:00–17:00 time periods. There were only three common compounds among the five time periods and the types of flower volatiles released during the daytime were obviously higher than those released at night. From the nocturnal to diurnal, the amount of flower volatiles released first increased, then decreased, and the release reached a peak between 10 am and 12 noon, which was consistent with the pollination biological characteristics of Malus flowers. Our findings are important for understanding the mechanism of insect visits to crabapple and the regulation of crabapple flower scent.
Co-located Retail Clinics and Pharmacies: An Opportunity to Provide More Primary Care
Authors: Knapp Katherine , Yoshizuka Keith , Sasaki-Hill Debra , Caygill-Walsh Rory
Published: June 2019

This paper proposes that co-located retail clinics (RCs) and community pharmacies can increase opportunities to provide more accessible, affordable, and patient-friendly primary care services in the United States. RCs are small businesses of about 150–250 square feet with a clientele of about 10–30 patients each day and most frequently staffed by nurse practitioners (NPs). Community pharmacies in the U.S. at ~67,000 far outnumber RCs at ~2800, thereby opening substantial opportunity for growth. Community pharmacies and pharmacists have been working to increase on-site clinical services, but progress has been slowed by the relative isolation from other practitioners. An ideal merged facility based on an integrated platform is proposed. NPs and pharmacists could share functions that fulfill documented consumer preferences and still maintain separate practice domains. Potential benefits include a broader inventory of clinical services including laboratory tests, immunizations, patient education, and physical assessment, as well as better patient access, interprofessional training opportunities, and economies related to the use of resources, day-to-day operations, and performance metrics. Challenges include the availability of sufficient, appropriately trained staff; limitations imposed by scope of practice and other laws; forging of collaborative relationships between NPs and pharmacists; and evidence that the merged operations provide economic benefits beyond those of separate enterprises.
Predicting the Longitudinally and Radially Varying Gut Microbiota Composition using Multi-Scale Microbial Metabolic Modeling
Authors: Chan Siu H. J. , Friedman Elliot S. , Wu Gary D. , Maranas Costas D.
Published: June 2019

Background: The gut microbiota is a heterogeneous group of microbes that is spatially distributed along various sections of the intestines and across the mucosa and lumen in each section. Understanding the dynamics between the spatially differential microbial populations and the driving forces for the observed spatial organization will provide valuable insights into important questions such as the nature of colonization of the infant gut and different types of inflammatory bowel disease localized in different regions of the intestines. However, in most studies, the microbiota is sampled only at a single site (often feces) or from a particular anatomical site of the intestines. Differential oxygen availability is putatively a key factor shaping the spatial organization. Results: To test this hypothesis, we constructed a community genome-scale metabolic model consisting of representative organisms for the major phyla present in the human gut microbiome. By solving step-wise optimization problems embedded in a dynamic framework to predict community metabolism and integrate the mucosally-adherent with the luminal microbiome between consecutive sections along the intestines, we were able to capture (i) the essential features of the spatially differential composition of obligate anaerobes vs. facultative anaerobes and aerobes determined experimentally, and (ii) the accumulation of microbial biomass in the lumen. Sensitivity analysis suggests that the spatial organization depends primarily on the oxygen-per-microbe availability in each region. Oxygen availability is reduced relative to the ~100-fold increase in mucosal microbial density along the intestines, causing the switch between aerobes and anaerobes. Conclusion: The proposed integrated dynamic framework is able to predict spatially differential gut microbiota composition using microbial genome-scale metabolic models and test hypotheses regarding the dynamics of the gut microbiota. It can potentially become a valuable tool for exploring therapeutic strategies for site-specific perturbation of the gut microbiota and the associated metabolic activities.
Modeling of the Free Radical Copolymerization Kinetics of n-Butyl Acrylate, Methyl Methacrylate and 2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate Using PREDICI®
Authors: Gómez-Reguera Javier A. , Vivaldo-Lima Eduardo , Gabriel Vida A. , Dubé Marc A.
Published: June 2019

Kinetic modeling of the bulk free radical copolymerizations of n-butyl acrylate (BA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA); methyl methacrylate (MMA) and EHA; as well as BA, MMA and EHA was performed using the software PREDICI®. Predicted results of conversion versus time, composition versus conversion, and molecular weight development are compared against experimental data at different feed compositions. Diffusion-controlled effects and backbiting for BA were incorporated into the model as they proved to be significant in these polymerizations. The set of estimated global parameters allows one to assess the performance of these copolymerization systems over a wide range of monomer compositions.
Polyphony and Poikilia: Theology and Aesthetics in the Exegesis of Tradition in Georgian Chant
Authors: (Freedman) Nun Sidonia
Published: June 2019

Georgian polyphonic chant and folk song is beginning to receive scholarly attention outside its homeland, and is a useful case study in several respects. This study focuses on the theological nature of its musical material, examining relevant examples in light of the patristic understanding of hierarchy and prototype and of iconography and liturgy. After brief historical and theological discussions, chant variants and paraliturgical songs from various periods and regions are analysed in depth, using a primarily geometrical approach, describing the iconography and significance of style, musical structure, contrapuntal relationships, melodic figuration, and ornamentation. Aesthetics and compositional processes are discussed, and the theological approach in turn sheds light on questions of historical development. It is demonstrated that Georgian polyphony is a rich repository of theology of the Trinity and the Incarnation, and the article concludes with broad theological reflections on the place of sound as it relates to text, prayer, and tradition over time.
Fusion of Change Vector Analysis in Posterior Probability Space and Postclassification Comparison for Change Detection from Multispectral Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Zakeri Fatemeh , Huang Bo , Saradjian Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2019

Postclassification Comparison (PCC) has been widely used as a change-detection method. The PCC algorithm is straightforward and easily applicable to all satellite images, regardless of whether they are acquired from the same sensor or in the same environmental conditions. However, PCC is prone to cumulative error, which results from classification errors. Alternatively, Change Vector Analysis in Posterior Probability Space (CVAPS), which interprets change based on comparing the posterior probability vectors of a pixel, can alleviate the classification error accumulation present in PCC. CVAPS identifies the type of change based on the direction of a change vector. However, a change vector can be translated to a new position within the feature space; consequently, it is not inconceivable that identical measures of direction may be used by CVAPS to describe multiple types of change. Our proposed method identifies land-cover transitions by using a fusion of CVAPS and PCC. In the proposed algorithm, contrary to CVAPS, a threshold does not need to be specified in order to extract change. Moreover, the proposed method uses a Random Forest as a trainable fusion method in order to obtain a change map directly in a feature space which is obtained from CVAPS and PCC. In other words, there is no need to specify a threshold to obtain a change map through the CVAPS method and then combine it with the change map obtained from the PCC method. This is an advantage over other change-detection methods focused on fusing multiple change-detection approaches. In addition, the proposed method identifies different types of land-cover transitions, based on the fusion of CVAPS and PCC, to improve the results of change-type determination. The proposed method is applied to images acquired by Landsat and Quickbird. The resultant maps confirm the utility of the proposed method as a change-detection/labeling tool. For example, the new method has an overall accuracy and a kappa coefficient relative improvement of 7% and 9%, respectively, on average, over CVAPS and PCC in determining different types of change.
A Low-Cost Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting Portable DNA Analyzer
Authors: Tian Yi , Wei Liping , Ho Derek
Published: June 2019

Photon-counting analysis of nucleic acids plays a key role in many diagnostics applications for its accurate and non-invasive nature. However, conventional photon-counting instrumentations are bulky and expensive due to the use of conventional optics and a lack of optimization of electronics. In this paper, we present a portable, low-cost time-correlated single photon-counting (TCSPC) analysis system for DNA detection. Both optical and electronic subsystems are carefully designed to provide effective emission filtering and size reduction, delivering good DNA detection and fluorescence lifetime extraction performance. DNA detection has been verified by fluorescence lifetime measurements of a V-carbazole conjugated fluorophore lifetime bioassay. The time-to-digital module of the proposed TCSPC system achieves a full width at half maximum (FWHM) timing resolution from 121 to 145 ps and a differential non-linearity (DNL) between −8.5% and +9.7% of the least significant bit (LSB) within the 500 ns full-scale range (FSR). With a detection limit of 6.25 nM and a dynamic range of 6.8 ns, the proposed TCSPC system demonstrates the enabling technology for rapid, point-of-care DNA diagnostics.
Nutrition Recommendations for Bodybuilders in the Off-Season: A Narrative Review
Authors: Iraki Juma , Fitschen Peter , Espinar Sergio , Helms Eric
Published: June 2019

Many nutrition practices often used by bodybuilders lack scientific support and can be detrimental to health. Recommendations during the dieting phase are provided in the scientific literature, but little attention has been devoted to bodybuilders during the off-season phase. During the off-season phase, the goal is to increase muscle mass without adding unnecessary body fat. This review evaluated the scientific literature and provides nutrition and dietary supplement recommendations for natural bodybuilders during the off-season phase. A hyper-energetic diet (~10–20%) should be consumed with a target weight gain of ~0.25–0.5% of bodyweight/week for novice/intermediate bodybuilders. Advanced bodybuilders should be more conservative with the caloric surplus and weekly weight gain. Sufficient protein (1.6–2.2 g/kg/day) should be consumed with optimal amounts 0.40–0.55 g/kg per meal and distributed evenly throughout the day (3–6 meals) including within 1–2 hours pre- and post-training. Fat should be consumed in moderate amounts (0.5–1.5 g/kg/day). Remaining calories should come from carbohydrates with focus on consuming sufficient amounts (≥3–5 g/kg/day) to support energy demands from resistance exercise. Creatine monohydrate (3–5 g/day), caffeine (5–6 mg/kg), beta-alanine (3–5 g/day) and citrulline malate (8 g/day) might yield ergogenic effects that can be beneficial for bodybuilders.
Capital Structure of Public–Private Partnership Projects: A Sustainability Perspective
Authors: Du Jing , Wu Hongyue , Jin Ruoyu
Published: June 2019

Capital is key to achieve the standardized operation of public–private partnership (PPP) projects. The capital structure of PPP projects stresses the structure of equity and debt funds, which are important for securing life-cycle ample funds and achieving the expected outcomes of projects. By incorporating sustainability into PPP projects, the capital structure not only secures current needs of funds, it also focuses on life-cycle stable operations and achieves economic, social, and environmental benefits. This study first set the equity–debt ratio and equity investment ratio of the private sector as the dependent variables and built a selection model of the capital structure of PPP projects from a sustainability perspective using the benefit, cost, and project conditions as core factors based on multi-objective programming and a discounted cash-flow model. Then, the qualitative analysis could be achieved according to the analysis of critical factors that had not been calculated. Afterwards, a selection process which combined the multi-objective programming model with qualitative analysis was proposed to achieve a comprehensive selection of the capital structure of PPP projects from the sustainability perspective. Finally, the process was applied to a real project to verify its rationality and usability. This study not only enriches the theoretical research of PPP projects and provides a new idea on which to build the capital structure selection model, it also proposes a selection process that can provide scientific references for the selection and optimization of the capital structure of PPP projects in practice.
Incentive Mechanism for Sustainable Improvement in a Supply Chain
Authors: Jeong EuiBeom , Park GeunWan , Yoo Seung Ho
Published: June 2019

In this study, we consider the issue of sustainable development in the supply chain consisting of an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and a contract manufacturer (CM). We investigate how to facilitate the CM’s investment in the environmental quality of a product so as to properly respond to climate change. We introduce a quantity incentive contract, and obtain the optimal solution based on a Stackelberg game. The OEM, as the focal company, determines the level of the incentive, and the CM, responsible for product design and production, determines its level of environmental quality given the OEM’s incentive offer. To investigate the effectiveness of the quantity incentive contract and provide important implications, we analytically compare the quantity incentive contract with the basic wholesale price contract without any incentives and conduct numerical experiments. Our results reveal that the quantity incentive contract facilitates the CM’s investment in environmental quality, and enhances the environmental, market, and profit performance of not only the CM but also the OEM which pays the incentive. We also show that the quantity incentive contract is suitable to develop a long-term relationship between the OEM and the CM.
From Mosaic to Systemic Redux: The Conceptual Foundation of Resilience and Its Operational Implications for Water Resource Management
Authors: Burgess Richard , Horbatuck Keith , Beruvides Mario
Published: June 2019

Preserving and enhancing the resilience of water supply systems is an important goal for managers to help ensure the ongoing availability of a resource necessary to both economic activity and basic survival. If not explicitly identified as a goal, it can be inferred from the desire to preserve water supply against a variety of stressors for current and future generations. Pursuing resilience is less than straightforward as there are multiple concurrent theoretical paradigms. Furthermore, operationalizing even one of these can be challenging. The authors survey several dominant paradigms with an eye towards distilling the essential, combinative properties of resilience. The contention underwriting this approach is that each paradigm yields important insights about resilience as a complex, emergent system characteristic. This survey lays the foundation for the operationalized approach that is the central thrust of the paper. Specifically, the authors develop an equation based on these properties and identify water resource metrics that correspond to each property. The analysis concludes with a preliminary causal loop diagram intended to capture key system variables and relationships between them. The authors argue that a systemic, conceptually robust approach to resilience is necessary to (1) assess current levels, and (2) improve levels of water resource system resilience.
Sour cherry anthracnose and possibilities of the control with special regard to resident Glomerella population in sour cherry plantations of East Hungary
Authors: Oros Gyula , Vajna László , Balázs Klára , Fekete Zoltán , Naár Zoltán , Eszéki Eszter
Published: June 2019

Anthracnose is considered one of the most destructive diseases for sour cherry production due to the rapid development of the disease on fruits. Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H. Schrenk (anam.: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz.) has been the fungal pathogen responsible for anthracnose in last decades. Yield losses greater than 90% may occur under epidemic conditions. C. acutatum (J.H. Simmonds, 1968) strains were isolated of sourcherry plantations in East Hungary and this pathogen, new for Hungarian microbiont became recently dominant. Contrarily to the former species it is certainly transmitted with ants during fruit ripening. About third of strains proved to be cutinase producers that enable them to actively penetrate via cuticule, and these strains infect directly berries of blackberry, grape and tomato as well as plum and apple. Most of cutinase negative strains could also infect these fruits after mechanic injury. All strains of both species produce amylase, cellulase, lecithinase, lipase, polyfenoloxydase and protease in vitro, although the activity of these enzymes highly varied in the medium. The only C. acutatum strains produced noticeable amount of chitinase. Strains, tolerant to recently applied fungicides to control the anthracnose, could be isolated of sour cherry plantations that might be the cause of ineffectiveness of control measures in 2010. The mycofungicide containing mixture of three Trichoderma species in oil carrier could efficiently depress the development of anthracnose in ripening sour cherry.
Laboratory diagnoses of the isolates of chestnut blight disease fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (MURR. BARR)
Authors: Radócz László , Irinyi László , Egyed Károly
Published: June 2019

Chryphonectria parasitica, the casual agent of chestnut blight, is one of the most important fungal pathogens of chestnut (Castanea spp.) in Europe and Hungary. In this study, we analyzed the ITS region of five Cryphonectria parasitica strains isolated from different location of Hungary. The differences among the Cryphonectria parasitica isolates were not insignificant because only two sites were considered as informative for the parsimony analysis. As the differences among geographically different isolates were insignificant, we mean that the evolutionary distance by ITS sequences within Hungarian Cryphonectria parasitica isolates is too small to get well based consequences for the phylogenetic relationships.
Sensitivity study on Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphrodita (L.) RUSBY) cv PETEMI to different herbicide agents
Authors: Szabó Béla , Szabó Miklós , Papp Roland , Kárpát Zoltán , Vágvölgyi Sándor
Published: June 2019

The cultivation of Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby) is a relatively new phenomenon in Europe. On the basis of the biology of the plant and the practical work implemented, it has been stated that the traditional field practice does not provide the appropriate conditions of biomass production for energetic purpose. The development of the proper weed control is inevitable for the healthy stand, as in the early phenophases the plant is growing slowly and it is exposed to weeds. Our objective was to test some herbicide agents as no previous relevant data had been published.
Effects of spray carrier quality on biological activity of terbuthylazine + mesotrione herbicide combination
Authors: Dávid István , Máté Endre
Published: June 2019

Field experiments were conducted to study affects of pH and hardness of spray water on efficacy of a herbicide combination (terbuthylazine + mesotrione) influenced by several pH adjusters and adjuvants in Debrecen, Hungary in 2008, 2009 and 2010. Favourable or unfavourable effects of pH and hardness of spray water could be observed under field conditions. Evaluation of weed control efficacy is suitable for examination of affects of spray water pH and hardness on herbicides. The terbuthylazine and mesotrione herbicide combination is suitable to control monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weed species, however, significant effects of hardness and pH of spray carrier was observed only in control of monocotyledonous weeds. Certain pH adjusters (e.g. ammonium nitrate) can lessen harmful affects of water hardness effectively. Significant loss of efficacy of sensitive herbicide was found in hard water (by about 50-60%), and surfactants was not able to eliminate that harmful affect. However, biological activity was the same as in soft water with ammonium nitrate which can overcome the antagonism of salts. That pH adjuster had a more significant affect on the efficacy of the herbicide than the surfactant had in that experiment.
Ocratoxina A en café.
Authors: Davidovich Young Gabriela , Jiménez Rodríguez Fabiola , Segura Piedra Juan Manuel
Published: June 2019

La ocratoxina A es una micotoxina con actividad nefrotóxica, hepatotóxica, embriotóxica, teratogénica, neurotóxica, inmunotóxica, genotóxica y cancerígena producida por hongos filamentosos que se puede encontrar en productos como granos, nueces, especies, cerveza, café, entre otros. 

El proceso de producción del café no elimina la ocratoxina, por lo que organizaciónes como el CODEX Alimentarius han establecido una serie de prácticas que minimizan la probabilidad de que esta toxina se encuentre en este producto. A nivel internacional, varios países han establecido la concentración máxima permitida de OTA en café, sin embargo, Costa Rica no lo ha definido todavía. 

Existen estudios que demuestran la presencia de esta toxina en diferentes presentaciones de café. En el caso de Costa Rica, en el año 2007 se publicó un estudio donde se encontró ocratoxina A en producto puesto a la venta en niveles inferiores a los máximos permitidos en otros países. Esto evidencia que nuestro país no está exento de esta problemática, que se requieren más estudios al respecto y que finalmente se establezcan las concentraciones máximas permitidas de ocratoxina A en café.
Bilecik İli Hayvansal Atıklarının Biyogaz Potansiyellerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: YEREL KANDEMİR Suheyla , AÇIKKALP Emin
Published: June 2019

Ülkemizde kaynak bakımından önemli yenilenebilir enerji
kaynaklarından bir tanesi de biyogazdır. Bilecik ili hayvancılığın yaygın olarak
yapıldığı illerden bir tanesidir. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak, Bilecik ilindeki
hayvanlarının sayısı ve atıklarının 2011- 2017 yılları arasındaki değişimi
tespit edilmiştir. Bu veriler göz önüne alınarak hayvansal atıklardan elde
edilebilecek biyogaz ve biyogazdan üretilebilecek elektrik enerjisi eşdeğeri
belirlenmiştir.  Bilecik'in 2011 yılında
1,017,522 tane ile en az hayvan sayısına sahip olduğu yıl, 2017’nin ise 4,609,707
tane ile en fazla hayvan sayısına sahip yıl olduğu görülmüştür. Veriler analiz edildiğinde,
Bilecik ilinin 2017 yılında en fazla biyogaz potansiyeli ve en fazla elektrik
enerjisi eşdeğerine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Daha sonra yıllık elektrik
enerjisi eşdeğerleri yıllık elektrik tüketimi değerleri ile
karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak biyogazdan elde edilen yıllık elektrik
enerjisi eşdeğerlerinin Bilecik ilindeki toplam yıllık elektrik tüketimini
karşıladığı görülmüştür.
La percepción del mundo de los otros: entre la memoria popular y la historiografía en el sur peruano.
Authors: Zapata Delgado Mario
Published: June 2019

La construcción de la historia y la memoria; lo que escriben los autores y lo que en esencia existe. La historia legitíma al loncco como prototipo del gañan arequipeño. El pasacalle entrada de ccapo es tenida como histórica. Arequipa ciudad blanca, debido al blanqueamiento de una parte de la población colonial, y la arquitectura caravista, entonces Arequipa es percibida como ciudad blanca. El método es histórico y etnográfico: los censos, memorias de viajeros, juicio de limpieza de sangre, registros de fiestas, la literatura e historiografía arequipeña que exalta esos valores. La memoria y la historia se confrontan; y queda en entredicho la historiografía que inventan y redefine la vida que existió de una forma y se le da otra: El loncco, se convierte en un ser “superlativo y auténtico” de la campiña; realmente no existió, lo que hubo fue el chacarero excluido y marginal. Gobiernos locales que impulsan la creación de tradiciones, “auténticas” su producto es el pasacalle entrada de ccapo como homenaje a la fiesta cívica de Arequipa. La ciudad blanca, tiene dos razones para serlo su arquitectura de sillar caravista e históricamente la población Arequipeña en su mayoría fue blanca; ambas premisas son discutibles.
Uji Efektifitas Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Bunga Nusa Indah (Mussaenda Pubescens) Terhadap Pemberian ZPT Organik Jagung Muda Pada Berbagai Sumber Setek
Authors: Kaffi Usmar
Published: June 2019

Pengembangan tanaman hias di tanah air sangat dipengaruhi oleh metode bercocok tanam, olehnya itu faktor penting yang harus diperhatikan adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan serta keterampilan petani sehingga mereka mampu berusaha dengan maksimal serta memanfaatkan peluang seefisien mungkin. Salah satu jenis tanaman hias yang banyak diminati oleh masyarakat karena penampilannya yang menarik adalah bunga nusa indah (Mussaenda pubescens). Nusa indah merupakan salah satu tanaman hias yang banyak ditanam oleh masyarakat. Saat ini dikenal ada dua jenis bunga nusa indah yaitu warna orange dan putih.  Salah satu permasalahan pada tanaman bunga Nusa Indah adalah perbanyakam yang sulit dilakukan. Salah satu upaya yang bisa dilakukan adalah penggunaan zat pengatur tumbuh dan sumber setek yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektifitas petumbuhan vegetatif bunga nusa indah terhadap pemberian ekstrak jagung muda pada berbagai sumber setek. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan dua faktor yaitu Faktor J (Ekstrak Jagung) yang terdiri dari 3 taraf,yaitu tanpa ekstrak, ekstrak jagung manis dan ekstrak jagung pulut. Dan Faktor S (Sumber Setek) yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu setek pangkal,setek tengah dan setek pucuk, diperoleh 9 kombinasi perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan sehingga diperoleh 27 unit perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Interaksi antara ekstrak jagung pulut (J2) dan sumber setek tengah batang (S2) memberikan pengaruh terbaik pada parameter waktu muncul tunas. Pemberian ekstrak jagung pulut memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap parameter waktu muncul tunas, panjang tunas, jumlah daun dan panjang akar. Sumber setek tengah batang memberikan pengaruh terbaik pada parameter waktu muncul tunas dan panjang akar.
Pengaruh Pemberian Fermentasi Air Leri Dan Pupuk NPK Phonska Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Bunga Kupu-Kupu (Oxalis Triangularis)
Authors: Kandatong Hasanuddin , Safruddin Safruddin
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Lingkungan Kampung Tangnga, Kelurahan Matakali, Kecamatan Matakali Kabupaten Polewali Mandar Propinsi Sulawesi Barat yang berlangsung pada bulan Desember 2014 sampai Maret 2015 yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana respon pertumbuhan Bunga Kupu-Kupu dengan melakukan Pemberian Fermentasi Air Leri dan Pupuk NPK Phonska. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam bentuk Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang di susun dalam bentuk Faktorial terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu Faktor pertama pemberian Fermentasi Air Leri dengan tiga taraf yaitu:  A0 = Kontrol,  A1= penyiraman 15 ml/ polybag, A2= penyiraman 20 ml/ Polybag, Dengan aplikasi penyiraman 2 kali seminggu,kecuali telah terjadi hujan maka  Penyiraman air leri tidak dilakukan, Faktor kedua pemberian pupuk NPK Phonska dengan dua taraf yaitu : N1= 6 gram/polybag, N2 = 9 gram/polybag,pemupukan dilakukan pada hari ke 21 setelah tanaman tumbuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa pengaruh pemberian fermentasi Air Leri 20 ml / tanaman (A2) memberikan pengaruh lebih  baik dan berbeda nyata dibanding dengan tanpa pemberian fermentasi Air Leri /tanaman (A0) dan pemberian fermentasi  Air Leri  15 ml /tanaman (A1) pada waktu kecepatan tumbuh tanaman, demikian pula dengan pemberian pupuk NPK Phonska  dengan takaran 9 gram (N2) memberikan  pengaruh lebih baik dan berbeda nyata dibanding dengan pemberian pupuk NPK Phonska  dengan takaran 6 gram (N1) terhadap tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun.
Korelasi Bobot Badan Dan Variabel-Variabel Ukuran Tubuh Sebagai Dasar Seleksi Calon Induk Sapi Bali
Authors: Hikmawaty Hikmawaty , Bellavista Bellavista , Mahmud Andi Tenri Bau Astuti , Salam Askar
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara bobot badan dan beberapa variabel ukuran tubuh sapi Bali yang digunakan sebagai dasar seleksi calon induk sapi Bali di Kabupaten Polewali Mandar.Ada dua kelompok tani ternak yang digunakan sebagai pembanding, yaitu kelompok tani ternak Paraita dan Sejahtera . Variabel-variabel ukuran tubuh yang digunakan yaitu lebar dada (LD), tinggi pundak (TP) dan panjang badan (PB) serta bobot badan yang kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk melihat nilai rataan (x), simpangan baku (s), dan nilai koefisien keragaman (KK). Melalui analisis korelasi, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum bobot badan dan ukuran-ukuran tubuh sapi Bali dari kelompok Paraita dan Sejahtera berbeda khususnya di lingkar dada dan tinggi badan namun ukuran panjang badan relatif sama. Bobot badan sapi Bali dalam penelitian ini berkolerasi dengan lingkar dada sedangkan panjang badan tidak berkolerasi nyata.Kelompok tani ternak Sejahtera memiliki bobot badan dan ukuran-ukuran tubuh paling tinggi dibanding kelompok tani ternak Paraita.Keeratan hubungan bobot badan dengan ukuran tubuh dapat digunakan sebagai dasar dalam seleksi.Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan dan membantu peternak di Polewali Mandar pada khususnya dan peternak sapi potong pada umumnya secara praktis dalam melakukan seleksi calon induk sapi Bali.
Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Keberadaan Peternakan Ayam Ras Petelur Di Dusun Passau Timur Desa Bukit Samang Kecamatan Sendana Kabupaten Majene
Authors: Abdi Muhammad , Suhartina Suhartina , Said Nur Saidah , Ali Najmah
Published: June 2019

Peternakan Ayam Ras Petelur di Dusun Passau Timur Desa Bukit Samang Kecamatan Sendana, Kabupaten Majene. menunjukkan adanya isu di sekitar lingkungan peternakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat terhadap keberadaan peternakan ayam ras petelur di Dusun Passau Timur Desa Bukit Samang Kecamatan Sendana, Kabupaten Majene. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 01 Juli sampai 01 Agustus 2017. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif yang menggambarkan suatu fenomena, dalam hal ini persepsi masyarakat terhadap keberadaan peternakan ayam ras petelur. Populasi sebanyak 220 orang dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 37 orang yang ditentukan berdasarkan rumus Slovin, teknik pengambilan sampelnya dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi masyarakat terhadap keberadaan peternakan ayam ras petelur di Dusun Passau Timur Desa Bukit Samang Kecamatan Sendana, Kabupaten Majene adalah sebagian besar merasa tidak terganggu dengan adanya peternakan ayam ras petelur.
Evaluasi Program Optimasi Lahan Petani Ditinjau Dari Aspek Sosial Ekonomi Petani di Desa Batetangnga Polewali Mandar
Authors: Basri Zulkifli
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan pelaksanaan program pemberdayaan petani melalui kegiatan optimasi lahan, mengevaluasi program pemberdayaan petani melalui kegiatan optimasi lahan, mengetahui dan menganalisis dampak sosial ekonomi pelaksanaan program pemberdayaan petani melalui kegiatan optimasi lahan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Polman Desa Batetangnga Kecamatan Binuang, Kabupaten Polman. Populasi penelitian yaitu 25 kelompok, yang terdiri dari 1 kelompok tani peserta program dan 24 kelompok yang tidak mengikuti program, Sampel kelompok tani peserta ditentukan secara sensus sedangkan sampel kelompok tani bukan peserta program optimasi lahan di tentukan secara porposive. Analisis data yang digunakan secara deskriptif untuk menjelaskan data penelitian dan deskripsi penelitian, sedangkan menganalisis data kuantitatif menggunakan analisis analisis R/C ratio.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan program pemberdayaan petani melalui Program Optimasi Lahan sesuai dengan Standar Operasional yang telah ditetapkan, yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan fisik, pengawalan dan pendampingan. Realisasi kegiatan program optimasi telah memenuhi target yaitu 500.000 hektar. Dampak sosial dilihat berdasarkan kerjasama petani dalam kelompok tani yang diarahkan untuk penerapan sistem agribisnis, peningkatan peranan, peran serta petani dan anggota masyarakat, menggali potensi, memecahkan masalah usaha tani anggotanya secara lebih efektif dan memudahkan dalam mengakses informasi, pasar, teknologi, permodalan dan sumber daya lainnya. Sedangkan dampak ekonomi dilihat berdasarkan peluang aktivitas usaha dibidang pertanian khususnya padi sawah maupun padi ladang memiliki prospek yang cukup baik dan sebagai peluang bisnis yang menjadi andalan bagi peningkatan taraf hidup masyarakat petani.
Perpaduan Tanaman Refugia Dan Tanaman Kubis Pada Berbagai Pola Tanam Dalam Menarik Predator Dan Parasitoid Dalam Penurunan Populasi Hama
Authors: Sepe Muslimin , Djafar Muh. Iqbal
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perpaduan tanaman refugia dan tanaman kubis pada berbagai pola tanam di sekitar pertanaman kubis dalam menarik arthropoda dan populasi hama. Penelitan dilaksanakan di Desa Tongko Kecamatan Baroko Kabupaten Enrekang dan Laboratorium Ilmu Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar. Berlangsung dari Mei sampai Agustus 2018. Pola tanam yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini pola tanam pinggir petak lahan (Perimeter Refuge) , pola tanam Sistem Blok (Blok Refuge) dan tanpa pola tanam sebagai kontrol. Pada setiap lahan diberikan pupuk kandang yang bertujuan agar tanaman dapat tumbuh dengan baik jarak antar setiap lahan ± 500 m. Pengamatan yang dilakukan diantaranya pengamatan arthropoda, pengamatan populasi hama, dan produksi kubis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa umlah serangga yang dikoleksi selama penelitian berjumlah (1242) individu yang terdiri dari (537) di lahan Perimeter Refugia, (472) di lahan Blok Refugia, dan (233) di lahan Kebiasaan petani (Tabel 1). Jumlah individu serangga yang banyak tertangkap berasal dari Ordo Lepidoptera (356) individu , Ordo Orthoptera (208) individu, Ordo Hymenoptera (177) individu, Ordo Coleoptera (133) individu, Ordo Dermaptera (190), Ordo Symphypleona (19) individu, dan Ordo Blattodea (7) Individu). Rata-rata populasi hama lebih tinggi pada sistem blok yaitu (1.48) dari pada perimeter refugia (0,91) dan Kebiasaan petani (1.32). Rata-rata produksi tertinggi pada kebiasaan petani (1,02).
Analisis Keanekaragaman Jenis Tumbuhan Pada Dua Sub Komunitas Di Hutan Lindung Nua Nea Pulau Seram Maluku Tengah
Authors: Wahyudi Wahyudi , Said Jumrin , Rismawati Rismawati
Published: June 2019

Hutan Lindung Nua Nea secara geografis terletak bersebelahan dengan Taman Nasional Manusela dan keberadaannya memiliki arti penting yang dapat dipandang sebagai kawasan penyangga dari taman nasional tersebut. Hutan ini memiliki nilai keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi dan telah lama dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sekitar untuk berbagai keperluan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari keanekaragaman jenis pohon yang tumbuh pada kompleks Hutan Lindung Nua Nea. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan pencacahan dan identifikasi jenis tanaman tingkat pohon yang ada dalam plot contoh. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa total kekayaan jenis tumbuhan yang tercatat pada plot pengamatan terdiri atas 60 jenis, 50 marga dan 33 suku tumbuhan tingkat pohon dengan Suku Sapotaceae dan Euphorbiaceae yang mendominasi distribusi jenis pohon.  Untuk komunitas I pada Hutan Lindung Nua Nea ini, jenis pohon Syzygium sp.1 merupakan jenis pohon dominan dengan nilai penting yang tertinggi, yaitu sebesar 68,979 %. Untuk komunitas II, jenis pohon yang memiliki nilai penting tertinggi adalah Syzygium sp.2, yaitu sebesar 23,76 %.  Namun demikian, pada komunitas II ini tampak tidak ada jenis yang terlalu mendominasi dalam hal jumlah jenis maupun jumlah individu.
Kadar Protein Kasar dan Serat Kasar Jagung Kuning Giling pada Difermentasi dengan EM-4 Pada Level yang Berbeda
Authors: Santi Santi
Published: June 2019

Rendahnya kadar protein jagung dan haerga mahal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatktan kadar protein kasar dan menurunkan serat kasar jagung kuning giling yang difermentasi EM-4. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dua tahap yaitu; tahap pertama fermentasi jagung kuning di Laboratorium Industri Pengolahan Pakan Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar, dan tahap kedua yaitu analisis proksimat di Laboratorium Kimia Makanan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar. Menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, dengan susunan perlakuan adalah P0 (2 kg jagung kuning giling), P1 (2 kg agung kuning giling + 25 cc EM-4 + 500 cc air), P2 (2 kg agung kuning giling + 1% urea + 25 cc EM-4 + 500 cc air), P3 (2 kg agung kuning giling + 1% urea + 35 cc EM-4 + 500 cc air), dan P4 (2 kg agung kuning giling + 1% urea + 45 cc EM-4 + 500 cc air). Hasil sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa fermenjasi jagung kuning giling dengan menggunakan EM-4 berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0.01) terhadap kadar proteinkasar dan serat kasar). Disimpulkan bahwa hasil fermentasi yang paling baik pada perlakuan P3 yaitu kadar protein kasar paling tinggi (10.54%) dan rendahnya serat kasar (2.44%).
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Demokratis Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kinerja Guru dan Pegawai pada SMP Negeri 3 Pamboang
Authors: Nadir Muhammad
Published: June 2019

Leadership of principals in order to improve the performance of teachers and employees is very important, it is fitting discipline applied to every school, both government and private. A performance of good teachers and employees is a step towards achieving the goals of a school so that productivity is a determinant in achieving school goals. This study aims to determine the influence of principal leadership on the performance of teachers and employees of SMP Negeri 3 Pamboang. The research design used is quantitative research. The sample of research is 35 employees of SMP Negeri 3 Pamboang and data collection in the form of questionnaire method, interview, observation. While for data processing is analyzed for Validity and Realibility test using Alpha Cronbach formula using computer program. The analysis technique used is simple regression analysis. Based on the results of data calculations and analysis used, obtained the regression equation, Y  20,091 0,441X. Results Hypothesis test t shows t count = 4.86 and t table = 2.032 with the value of significance = 0,000