bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patients' attitudes to co-payments for general practitioner services: do they reflect the prevailing system?
Authors: O'Reilly Dermot , O'Neill Ciaran , O'Dowd Tom , Galway Karen , Gilliland Andrew , Kelly Alan , Murphy Andrew , Shryane Ethna , Steele Keith , Bury Gerry
Published: October 2007

Objectives: Most Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries have introduced cost-sharing. This study compares the views of patients who are used to a service that is free at the point of delivery with those who are used to a system where 70% of patients pay for consultations.

Methods: Secondary analysis of survey data from a random sample of 11,870 patients in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.

Results: A 52% response rate was achieved, though respondents were representative of the two populations. Attitudes generally reflected the national status quo with little support for co-payments where there was currently no charging, but broad support where charging was established. Charging for missed appointments would be supported where there were delays in getting an appointment.

Conclusions: More research is needed to understand what underlies support for, or opposition to, charges. However, it is apparent that patients' opinions need to be considered when formulating health care policy.
Is longer waiting time associated with health and social services utilization before treatment? A randomized study
Authors: Hirvonen Johanna , Blom Marja , Tuominen Ulla , Seitsalo Seppo , Lehto Matti , Paavolainen Pekka , Hietaniemi Kalevi , Rissanen Pekka , Sintonen Harri
Published: October 2007

Objective: To determine whether longer waiting time for major joint replacement is associated with health and social services utilization before treatment.

Methods: When placed on the waiting list, patients were randomized to short (≤3 months) or a non-fixed waiting time. Utilization measures were the use of home health care, rehabilitation and social services before treatment.

Results: A total of 833 patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee joint were recruited into the study. Six hundred and twenty-two patients were included in the analysis. The majority of patients were not using any services before hospital admission for joint replacement surgery. The most commonly used service was unpaid home help provided by relatives, neighbours, friends and volunteers (informal care). In both groups, private support services were utilized more often than public ones. Patients with a short waiting time were more likely than those with a non-fixed waiting time to use rehabilitation (13.5% versus 8.2%, P = 0.032) and visiting care services (7.5% versus 3.9%, P = 0.054).

Conclusions: Only a few patients used professional care. They were more likely to require informal care during the waiting time. A longer waiting time did not result in a higher utilization rate before admission for treatment.
Care management in mental health services in England and Northern Ireland: do integrated organizations promote integrated practice?
Authors: Reilly Siobhan , Challis David , Donnelly Michael , Hughes Jane , Stewart Karen
Published: October 2007

Objective: To explore whether integrated structures are associated with more integrated and differentiated forms of care management in mental health services.

Method: Cross-sectional postal survey of care management arrangements in local authority social services departments in England ( n = 101) and health and social services Trusts in Northern Ireland (NI) ( n = 11).

Results: Some, but not all, indicators showed more evidence of integrated practice in NI mental health and social services. This included: greater involvement of health care staff in care management; greater multidisciplinary working and a more integrated approach to assessment and care planning processes; a more differentiated approach to care management, including greater targeting of care management resources; a closer link between care management and specialist provision; and overall more integrated practice.

Conclusions: This study concurs with previous research showing that structurally integrated health and social services in NI are more conducive towards, although insufficient to secure, integrated working. As the nature, type of services and ways of working appear to be broadly similar in England and NI, this may imply that greater structural integration per se may not lead to better service outcomes.
The role of telecare in supporting the needs of elderly people
Authors: Brownsell Simon , Aldred Hazel , Hawley Mark S
Published: October 2007

A literature review was conducted to identify the 'trigger factors' associated with a need for increased levels of care and support for elderly people. An expert panel then prioritized the trigger factors into one of five bands of importance. The literature review produced 2037 hits. Of these, 1768 were excluded after reading the abstract and 111 after reading the full paper, leaving 158 papers for inclusion in the review. From these papers, 102 unique factors that triggered a need for greater care and support among elderly people were identified. The expert panel ranked 36 of the trigger factors into the top three bands of importance. Subsequent analysis suggested that telecare could be used to assist, prevent or minimise the impact of some 66% of these 36 trigger factors and 75% of the top 12 factors. This suggests that telecare has a significant role to play in the support of elderly people and should be a major consideration when re-designing services.
Determinants of successful telemedicine implementations: a literature study
Authors: Broens Tom H F , Huis in't Veld Rianne M H A , Vollenbroek-Hutten Miriam M R , Hermens Hermie J , van Halteren Aart T , Nieuwenhuis Lambert J M
Published: October 2007

Telemedicine implementations often remain in the pilot phase and do not succeed in scaling-up to robust products that are used in daily practice. We conducted a qualitative literature review of 45 conference papers describing telemedicine interventions in order to identify determinants that had influenced their implementation. The identified determinants, which would influence the future implementation of telemedicine interventions, can be classified into five major categories: (1) Technology, (2) Acceptance, (3) Financing, (4) Organization and (5) Policy and Legislation. Each category contains determinants that are relevant to different stakeholders in different domains. We propose a layered implementation model in which the primary focus on individual determinants changes throughout the development life cycle of the telemedicine implementation. For success, a visionary approach is required from the multidisciplinary stakeholders, which goes beyond tackling specific issues in a particular development phase. Thus the right philosophy is: 'start small, think big'.
The virtual consulting room: a Web-based application to bridge the divide between primary and secondary care
Authors: Berlingieri Pasquale , Wood Eleanor , Rayne Tim , Kwong Wyman , Norris Deidre , Linehan John , Epstein Owen
Published: October 2007

We have developed a Web-based consultation application, the Virtual Consulting Room (VCR), in order to streamline patient care by facilitating communication between healthcare professionals. Thirteen general practices took part in an eight-week study. Fifty-eight general practitioners (GPs) were offered access to the VCR. No prior training was given. Use of the VCR was monitored by Web-tracking software and a questionnaire was used to assess utility. Thirty-four GPs (59%) accessed the VCR, 19 (33%) consulted on three or more occasions. A total of 177 visits were made and 35,244 Web page hits recorded. Questionnaire responses were received from 31 GPs (53%). Of the respondents, 17 classified themselves as users. Of these, 14 (82%) found the VCR easy to use and 15 (88%) found it to be a good learning tool with potential to alter practice. The results provide evidence that an Internet-based application can be of interest to GPs, can be educational and may influence patient care.
Web-based personal health records: the personal electronic health record (pEHR) multicentred trial
Authors: Karagiannis George E , Stamatopoulos Vasileios G , Rigby Michael , Kotis Takis , Negroni Elisa , Munoz Adolfo , Mathes Loannis
Published: October 2007

A multicentre trial of a Web-based personal electronic health record (pEHR) service was conducted in three different European hospitals. A total of 150 patients and 22 health-care professionals were involved. The service was customised according to the needs of three groups of patients who had congenital heart disease, Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes. Two structured questionnaires, one for patients and one for health-care professionals, were used to collect their views on the pEHR service. The questions were about usability and user friendliness, safety and trustworthiness, reliability, functionality, satisfaction and the potential revenue model of the service in the case of future deployment. Patients perceived the service as very motivating and felt that it could help them in managing their clinical information. Health-care professionals showed a very positive attitude towards the use of the service and its potential for future large-scale deployment. They were also keen to recommend the service to their patients. Both study groups were unwilling to pay for the service and preferred it to be sponsored by a third party (e.g. the National Health Service).
Outcomes from a randomized controlled trial of telerehabilitation for people with spinal cord injuries
Authors: Pain Helen , Soopramanien Anba , Dallolio Laura , Prior Reinhard , Menarini Mauro , Ventura Manfredi , Fantini Maria Pia , Stainthorpe Andrew
Published: October 2007

A randomized controlled trial was conducted in spinal treatment centres in three European countries to evaluate the effectiveness of using Internet-based video-link technology in the first six months after patients were discharged following spinal cord injury. Standardised measures were used with participants prior to randomization to either trial or control group. Both groups received standard post-discharge support, but in addition the trial group had regular videoconference sessions. Each participant received an assessment at two months’ and six months’ post-discharge. The 1 37 participants recruited over two years had a mean age of 42 years. Interim data analysis with 77 patients revealed a significant difference between the trial and control groups when quality of life intra-subject score differences between discharge and month 6 were compared (P = 0.025). Medical complications were not significantly different between trial and control groups. The video-link was well received by the trial group, who preferred to see the person they conversed with. Regular expert consultation using video-link technology benefited participants’ quality of life.
A distributed and interoperable system for out-of-hours health care
Authors: Medici Mario Fregonara
Published: October 2007

In Italy, at nights and weekends, there is an out-of-hours service called the Continuity Healthcare Service (CHS) which provides for urgent, non-emergency health-care needs. The CHS manages the following typical requests: information on health-care services, support and assistance, prescriptions, various kinds of clinical advice, urgent care problems, general practitioners’ visits and suspected emergencies which require immediate evaluation. A distributed and interoperable system (DAISIES) was proposed to manage the entire CHS process for each health district, with particular emphasis on health assistance, medical support and urgent care problems. The DAISIES system is now being implemented in a health district in the northern part of Milan, with the implementation of a service call-centre and some first-aid stations. Experience to date shows that it is possible to implement a technology-based model for the organization and the management of an out-of-hours health service, with particular emphasis on health assistance, medical support and urgent care problems.
Understanding the implementation and integration of e-health services
Authors: Mair Frances S , May Carl , Finch Tracy , Murray Elizabeth , Anderson George , Sullivan Frank , O'donnell Catherine , Wallace Paul , Epstein Owen
Published: October 2007

We are conducting a multicentre, mixed methods study to examine the attitudes of health professionals to e-health in order to identify strategies to support increased uptake and utilization of e-health services. The first part of the work is a systematic literature review. After searching five electronic databases, a total of 66 review papers were identified which concerned barriers and facilitators to the implementation of e-health. Examination of the main themes from these reviews identified three major types of barriers/facilitators: (1) technology design factors, (2) health professional interactions, and (3) organizational factors. The utilization of e-health technologies by health-care professionals is complex, as demonstrated by the preliminary findings of the literature review.
A survey of Internet use for health purposes in Poland
Authors: Bujnowska-Fedak Maria Magdalena , Staniszewski Andrzej , Steciwko Andrzej
Published: October 2007

We investigated the use of the Internet for health-related purposes in Poland. A telephone survey was performed of 1027 people between 15 and 80 years old who were selected from the Polish population by random sampling. The study showed that the Internet was used by 47% of the respondents (n = 483) and 37% of the respondents (n = 376) had used it at least once a week. Almost 80% of responders used the Internet to obtain information about health or illness (n = 383) and 43% of them did it at least once a month. The respondents used the Internet for health purposes mainly to read about health or illness (95%). Only 3% of them approached the family physician, specialist or other health professional over the Internet. However, when choosing a new doctor, 45% of respondents stated that the doctor's provision of Internet-based services was of importance. At present the Internet is not used as a health communications channel but it is clear that many Polish people are interested in Internet-based health services.
An Internet-enabled, ambulatory patient monitoring and advice system
Authors: Sehati Sepe , Fung Raymond Chi Yiu
Published: October 2007

We have designed, built and tested a wireless patient monitoring and advice system which can continuously monitor up to eight physiological variables. Blood pressure, skin temperature and glucose concentration are measured using non-invasive ambulatory sensors. These signals are then transmitted to a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) using either a wired link, infra-red or Bluetooth. Using a wireless Internet link the PDA then transmits the clinical data to a central server for further processing. The patient data, which are stored in a relational database, are available via the Internet to authorised users both in a raw and graphical format. The system employs a model-driven analysis to provide the patient and/or doctor with appropriate clinical advice. The doctor can provide additional remote advice to the patient at any time. The results of our tests on the prototype demonstrate the feasibility of the approach in clinical situations where there is a need for a remote monitoring and advice system.
An economic evaluation of a Web-based national patient records system
Authors: Mladek Tomas , Stroetmann Karl A , Bartova Stanislava , Jones Tom , Dobrev Alexander , Stroetmann Veli N
Published: October 2007

IZIP is a Web-based health record system for the general population which has been used in the Czech Republic since 2004. The system provides access to medical data for health-care providers and clients; only the latter can authorise health-care professionals to view their data. We conducted a cost-benefit analysis of the system. There was a strong positive overall economic return. The benefits to the clients were control and more effective care, estimated at about 10% of total gains. Professionals had the advantage of on-demand information and time savings, estimated to represent 37% of the benefits. The biggest partner of IZIP, the General Health Insurance Company of the Czech Republic was able to avoid duplicated tests and treatment, which amounted to 53% of the economic benefits. It took eight years to achieve a net cumulative benefit. The estimated annual net benefit exceeded €60 million in 2008.
Why women consent to surgery, even when they don't want to: a qualitative study
Authors: Dixon-Woods M , Williams SJ , Jackson CJ , Akkad A , Kenyon S , Habiba M
Published: October 2007

Although there has been critical analysis of how the informed consent process functions in relation to participation in research and particular ethical 'dilemmas', there has been little examination of consenting to more routine medical procedures. We report a qualitative study of 25 women who consented to surgery. Of these, nine were ambivalent or opposed to having an operation. When faced with a consent form, women's accounts suggest that they rarely do anything other than obey professionals' requests for a signature. An interactionist analysis suggests that women's capacity to act is reduced by the hospital structure of tacit, socially-imposed rules of conduct. Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, capital and symbolic power/violence show how the practical logic that women apply confers a 'sense of place' relative to professionals. Women experience deficits in capital that constrain their ability to exercise choice. This work demonstrates the weakness of the consent process as a safeguard of autonomy.
Advance directives and the family: French and American perspectives
Authors: Rodríguez-Arias D , Moutel G , Aulisio M P , Salfati A , Coffin J C , Rodríguez-Arias J L , Calvo L , Hervé C
Published: October 2007

Several studies have explored differences between North American and European doctor patient relationships. They have focused primarily on differences in philosophical traditions and historic and socioeconomic factors between these two regions that might lead to differences in behaviour, as well as divergent concepts in and justifications of medical practice. However, few empirical intercultural studies have been carried out to identify in practice these cultural differences. This lack of standard comparative empirical studies led us to compare differences between France and the USA regarding end-of-life decision-making. We tested certain assertions put forward by bioethicists concerning the impact of culture on the acceptance of advance directives in such decisions. In particular, we compared North American and French intensive care professional's attitudes toward: (1) advance directives, and (2) the role of the family in decisions to withhold or withdraw life-support.
Parental refusal of transfusion on religious grounds: an exception to the standard approach
Authors: Mercurio M R
Published: October 2007

The standard approach to parental refusal of transfusion on religious grounds in many newborn intensive care units and paediatric services is to override the refusal and provide the transfusion, usually with court intervention if time allows. This approach is justified by the child's right to effective treatment, seen to outweigh the parents' right to religious freedom and their right to decide for their child. That justification, however, may be limited by the predicted effectiveness of the transfusion (or any proposed treatment) in preventing significant harm to the child. A case where parental refusal was appropriately respected is briefly discussed.
Empirical research in the debate on physician-assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia
Authors: Smith Stephen W
Published: October 2007

This article explores the use of empirical data when considering whether to legalize physician-assisted suicide (PAS) and voluntary euthanasia. In particular, it focuses on the evidence available to the Select Committee for the Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill on whether or not covert euthanasia is taking place in the UK under the current prohibition of PAS and voluntary euthanasia. The article shows that there is an insufficient evidentiary basis to make any claims about the extent of covert euthanasia within the UK, although there is sufficient evidence to conclude that instances of covert euthanasia do happen. The article also calls for more research to be conducted in order to determine the rate of covert euthanasia in order to inform debate about the legalization of end-of-life decisions such as PAS and voluntary euthanasia.
Optimal Marketing Strategies for a Customer Data Intermediary
Authors: Pancras Joseph , Sudhir K.
Published: October 2007

Advances in data collection and storage technologies have given rise to the customer data intermediary (CDI), a firm that collects customer data to offer customer-specific marketing services to marketers. With widespread adoption of customer relationship management (CRM) and one-to-one (1:1) marketing, the demand for such services continues to grow. Extant empirical research using customer data for CRM and 1:1 marketing tends to have an engineering emphasis and focuses on developing analysis techniques to implement CRM and 1:1 marketing optimally (i.e., the technology for the CDI). In contrast, this article focuses on marketing strategy issues that the intermediary faces, given the availability of the technology to implement such services. Specifically, the authors develop an empirical framework to evaluate the optimal customer (exclusive/nonexclusive), product (quality or accuracy of the 1:1 customization), and pricing strategy for a CDI. They illustrate the framework for one type of CDI—a 1:1 coupon service firm that caters to grocery manufacturers—using household purchase history data from the ketchup market. The authors find that selling on a nonexclusive basis using the maximum available purchase history data is the most profitable strategy for the CDI in the particular market. They also evaluate the potential impact of retailers entering the 1:1 coupon service business. Because 1:1 marketing can increase the retailer's profits from goods sold, it is optimal for the retailer to undercut the prices of a pure-play CDI that offers 1:1 coupon services.
A Discrete–Continuous Model for Multicategory Purchase Behavior of Households
Authors: Song Inseong , Chintagunta Pradeep K.
Published: October 2007

This article provides an integrated utility-maximizing framework for households’ multicategory purchase incidence, brand choice, and purchase quantity decisions. On a store visit, households maximize utility across several categories subject to an overall budget constraint. Then, they choose to purchase a subset of categories, in which they select a specific brand and an associated quantity level. Under their assumptions for the stochastic terms in the specification, the authors obtain closed-form expressions for the household demands, the marginal and joint purchase incidence, and the brand choice probabilities along with conditional purchase quantities. The authors show that the modeling framework accounts for both coincidence and complementarity/ substitutability across categories. In addition, it accounts for unobserved heterogeneity in the estimation. Thus, the three key features of multicategory models proposed in the literature are all reflected in the framework. The authors provide an empirical application of the methodology using four categories from the Stanford market basket data—laundry detergent, fabric softener, toilette tissue, and paper towel. The results indicate that, in general, cross-category effects, as measured by the cross-category price elasticities between brands in the categories, are small, and they arise mostly through consumers’ joint purchase incidence decisions rather than at the purchase quantity decision conditional on brand choice. This finding indicates that the effects of coincidence are larger than the effects of complementarity in these data.
Estimating Disaggregate Models using Aggregate Data through Augmentation of Individual Choice
Authors: Chen Yuxin , Yang Sha
Published: October 2007

In this article, the authors propose a Bayesian method for estimating disaggregate choice models using aggregate data. Compared with existing methods, the advantage of the proposed method is that it allows for the analysis of microlevel consumer dynamic behavior, such as the impact of purchase history on current brand choice, when only aggregate-level data are available. The essence of this approach is to simulate latent choice data that are consistent with the observed aggregate data. When the augmented choice data are made available in each iteration of the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm, the dynamics of consumer buying behavior can be explicitly modeled. The authors first demonstrate the validity of the method with a series of simulations and then apply the method to an actual store-level data set of consumer purchases of refrigerated orange juice. The authors find a significant amount of dynamics in consumer buying behavior. The proposed method is useful for managers to understand better the consumer purchase dynamics and brand price competition when they have access to aggregate data only.
Shopper Response to Bundle Promotions for Packaged Goods
Authors: Foubert Bram , Gijsbrechts Els
Published: October 2007

Bundle promotions—the practice of granting consumers a discount when they buy a certain number of units from a designated range of stockkeeping units—have gained popularity among manufacturers and retailers. In this research, the authors investigate the purchase effects of bundle promotions for a category of packaged goods. Contrary to intuition, they find that promotional bundles are far more effective at inducing switching than at boosting category sales. The strong switching effects result from two mechanisms: (1) Stockkeeping units that are part of a bundle promotion appear to reinforce each other's choice probability, and (2) the bundle discount tends to attract consumers even if they do not buy enough to qualify for the price reduction. The weak category effects follow from the notion that the purchase quantity requirement is often too stringent to make consumers buy earlier and/or more in the category. The authors develop incidence, quantity, and choice models that incorporate the intricate bundle mechanisms, and they use simulations to contrast the sales impact of bundle and traditional per-unit promotions. On the basis of the model estimates, they present managerial implications and tentative guidelines for optimal bundle design.
Brand Synergy Effects in Multiple Brand Extensions
Authors: Shine Byung Chul , Park Jongwon , Wyer Robert S.
Published: October 2007

Three experiments demonstrate that the simultaneous introduction of two brand extensions can have a positive influence on their evaluations independently of parent–extension similarity. This “synergy” effect occurs when the extensions are complementary (e.g., a digital camera and a digital photo printer) but is not evident when they belong to the same category (two models of digital cameras) or to unrelated categories (a digital camera and a snowboard). In addition, the effect is restricted to extension products that are introduced by the same manufacturer. Finally, it occurs only among participants who are promotion focused and therefore are disposed to consider the benefits of owning the extensions rather than the disadvantages of doing so. These and other results suggest that the synergy effect is due to the appeal of completing a set of related products from the same manufacturer rather than the physical or functional similarity of their features to those of either the parent or each other.
Vigilant against Manipulation: The Effect of Regulatory Focus on the Use of Persuasion Knowledge
Authors: Kirmani Amna , Zhu Rui (Juliet)
Published: October 2007

This article proposes that compared with a promotion regulatory focus, a prevention focus increases sensitivity to the advertiser's manipulative intent. Specifically, when message cues make manipulative intent moderately salient, prevention-focused people are more likely to activate persuasion knowledge and give less favorable brand evaluations than promotion-focused people. When message cues make manipulative intent highly salient or when manipulative intent is not salient, brand evaluations do not differ across regulatory foci. In addition, externally priming suspicion of manipulative intent makes promotion-focused people react similarly to prevention-focused people, suggesting that regulatory focus affects vigilance against persuasion.
Review essay: The tenacity of enchanted things
Authors: COLLOREDO‐MANSFELD RUDI
Published: October 2007

The Secret of the Totem: Religion and Society from McLennan to Freud. Robert Alun Jones. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005. 347 pp., notes, bibliography, index.

Things. Bill Brown, ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004. 471 pp., illustrations, notes, index.

Making Things Public: Atmospheres of Democracy. Bruno Latour and Peter Weibel, eds. Cambridge, MA:: MIT Press and ZKM: Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe, 2005. 1,072 pp., illustrations, appendix.
Review essay: Anthropology and the materiality of architecture
Authors: VELLINGA MARCEL
Published: October 2007

The House in Southeast Asia: A Changing Social, Economic and Political Domain. Stephen Sparkes and Signe Howell, eds. Hardcover, London: Routledge Curzon, 2003. xiv + 271 pp., notes, bibliography, index.

The Material Culture Reader. Victor Buchli, ed. Oxford: Berg, 2002. xi + 274 pp., notes, bibliography, index.

Materiality. Daniel Miller, ed. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005. 294 pp., notes, bibliography, index.
Filming Eugenics: Teaching the History of Eugenics Through Film
Authors: OOTEN MELISSA , TREMBANIS SARAH
Published: October 2007

In teaching eugenics to undergraduate students and general public audiences, film should be considered as a provocative and fruitful medium that can generate important discussions about the intersections among eugenics, gender, class, race, and sexuality. This paper considers the use of two films, A Bill of Divorcement and The Lynchburg Story, as pedagogical tools for the history of eugenics. The authors provide background information on the films and suggestions for using the films to foster an active engagement with the historical eugenics movement.
Back to the Future: Eugenics—A Bibliographic Essay
Authors: CULLEN DAVID
Published: October 2007

The following essay is a review of the literature about the American eugenics movement produced by scholars over the last fifty years. The essay provides an explanation for today's renewed interest in the subject and for why the science of eugenics remains relevant to contemporary society. The essay examines the catalyst to re-examine the eugenics movement, the influence of Darwinian thought upon its development, the political and institutional support for its growth, the relationship between eugenics, sterilization, and sex, and how the twentieth-century promises of the science of better breeding was a precursor to the twenty-first-century promise of genetic engineering.
The Public and Private History of Eugenics: An Introduction
Authors: BURKE CHLOE S. , CASTANEDA CHRISTOPHER J.
Published: October 2007

Inspired by our experience addressing the legacy of eugenics at California State University, Sacramento, this special issue presents an array of articles representative of diverse approaches to the historical investigation of eugenics. This article provides an introduction to the history of eugenics and explores the ways in which public history is particularly well suited to shape the historical memory of eugenics and encourage dialogue about contemporary biotechnologies.
“Fitter Families for Future Firesides”: Florence Sherbon and Popular Eugenics
Authors: LOVETT LAURA L.
Published: October 2007

In the 1920s, eugenicists adapted public health contests to create “Fitter Family for Future Firesides” contests. Designed by Mary T. Watts and Dr. Florence Sherbon, these contests were deliberately staged at agricultural fairs. These contests encouraged families to re-imagine their histories as pedigrees subject to scientific analysis and control, while appealing to a deeply rooted sense of nostalgia for the rural family as the nation became increasingly urban, as rural children left farms, and as the culture of the Roaring Twenties challenged “traditional values.” As such, the fitter family contests fused nostalgia for the farm family with a modernist promise of scientific control.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Xanthochromia in Newborns Is Related to Maternal Labor Before Delivery
Authors: Nigrovic Lise E. , Trivedi Michelle , Edlow Jonathan A. , Neuman Mark I.
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this work was to investigate whether xanthochromia in newborns is related to maternal labor before delivery.

METHODS. We reviewed the medical charts of all of the infants ≤30 days of age who had a lumbar puncture performed in a single pediatric emergency department between 2003 and 2005. Xanthochromia was detected by the hospital laboratory using the qualitative visual inspection method. We used logistic regression to determine the relationship between maternal labor before birth and the presence of cerebrospinal fluid xanthochromia, adjusting for factors known to be associated with xanthochromia.

RESULTS. Of the 478 newborns who had a lumbar puncture performed during the study period, 134 (28%) had xanthochromia. Of the 449 infants with delivery method recorded in the medical chart, 332 (74%) were born via vaginal delivery, 24 (5%) via cesarean section after maternal labor, and 93 (21%) via cesarean section without maternal labor. After excluding patients with hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin ≥15 mg/dL) and adjusting for factors known to be associated with xanthochromia (cerebrospinal fluid red blood cells ≥20000 cells per mL and cerebrospinal fluid protein ≥150 mg/dL), infants born after maternal labor had a higher rate of cerebrospinal fluid xanthochromia than infants born without any labor.

CONCLUSIONS. Xanthochromia is a common finding in the cerebrospinal fluid of newborns and is associated with maternal labor preceding delivery.
An acoustic study on disguised voices
Authors: Zhang Cuiling
Published: October 2007

Awarding Institution: Nankai University, China

Date of Award: June 2005
The pragmatic use of gender in Latina women's legal narratives of abuse
Authors: Trinch Shonna
Published: October 2007

This paper examines the way in which gender is constructed in narratives of abuse by U.S. Latina women and legal professionals within the U.S. legal context of the protective
order application interview. Though traditional gender roles can be oppressive for men and women, the analysis undertaken here illustrates how Latina women
pragmatically and linguistically utilize their language resources to perform some roles of traditional womanhood in order to free themselves from abusive relationships.
Through their strategic use of referential and non-referential linguistic devices, these Latinas speak up about the violence in their lives. They also manage to speak against the strict victim-identity the U.S. legal system tries to impose on them by performing as good mothers, good wives and good citizens.
Está desaparecendo a glomerulopatia da esquistossomose mansônica?
Authors: Correia Emmanuel Isaias de Souza , Martinelli Reinaldo P. , Rocha Heonir
Published: October 2007

As formas severas de esquistossomose mansônica, particularmente a hépato-esplênica, se acompanham de glomerulopatia geralmente manifesta por síndrome nefrótica. Nos últimos 10 anos reduziu-se muito o número de casos observados desta glomerulopatia no Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, um hospital geral num estado onde esta parasitose é endêmica. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se estava havendo, de fato, desaparecimento desta patologia ou se este número decrescente refletia apenas diminuição marcante de casos graves de esquistossomose mansônica acompanhados neste Hospital. Para isso foram comparadas as prevalências de glomerulopatia em hepatosplênicos esquistossomóticos autopsiados no Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos em duas décadas: de 1960-70, antes da intervenção terapêutica nas áreas endêmicas de esquistossomose com oxamniquine, e de 1980-1990, após a adoção desta intervenção. Houve grande redução no número de doentes com hepatosplenomegalia esquistossomótica autopsiados no Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos quando comparadas a década antes (140 autópsias) e depois (31 autópsias) do tratamento com oxamniquine. A prevalência de glomerulopatia, entretanto, persistiu a mesma (11,4% comparada com 12,9%, respectivamente). A conclusão é que a redução do achado de glomerulopatia esquistossomótica em nossos dias reflete apenas a redução das formas graves da parasitose após a intervenção terapêutica nas áreas endêmicas.
Adaptabilidade e estabilidade produtiva de genótipos de feijão-caupi de porte semi-ereto na Região Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Rocha Maurisrael de Moura , Freire Filho Francisco Rodrigues , Ribeiro Valdenir Queiroz , Carvalho Hélio Wilson Lemos de , Belarmino Filho José , Raposo João Antônio Arruda , Alcântara José dos Prazeres , Ramos Semíramis Rabelo Ramalho , Machado Cristina de Fátima
Published: October 2007

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade da produtividade de grãos de 20 genótipos de feijão-caupi de porte semi-ereto, utilizando o modelo de efeitos aditivos principais e interação multiplicativa. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em 16 ambientes da Região Nordeste do Brasil. Os efeitos de genótipos, ambientes e da interação genótipo x ambiente, e os três primeiros eixos da análise de componentes principais (ACP) foram significativos. Os dois primeiros eixos da ACP explicaram juntos 55,11% da soma de quadrados da interação, correspondendo a 83,20% do padrão da interação genótipo x ambiente. As linhagens TE-97-321G-4, EVX-92-49E e EVX-63-10E apresentaram alta adaptabilidade, mas somente a última foi altamente previsível. A cultivar BRS Guariba e as linhagens EVX-92-49E e TE97-321G-4 expressam melhor potencial genético em ambientes de alta produtividade.
O livro didático de história hoje: um panorama a partir do PNLD
Authors: Miranda Sonia Regina , Luca Tania Regina de
Published: October 2007

O artigo objetiva delinear uma breve radiografia do livro didático contemporâneo em função de algumas temáticas centrais que têm ocupado o cenário de investigações relativas ao saber histórico escolar, porém sob o escopo daquilo que se apresentou no interior dos processos de inscrição, triagem e avaliação das obras inscritas para o Programa Nacional do Livro Didático para o ano de 2005. Consideraram-se, para efeito de categorização global, os resultados dessa última avaliação de livros de História, divulgada no início de 2004, na qual as autoras desempenharam papéis vinculados diretamente à execução do processo avaliativo.
IV Congresso de História Nacional: tendências e perspectivas da história do Brasil colonial (Rio de Janeiro, 1949)
Authors: Guimarães Lucia Maria Paschoal
Published: October 2007

O artigo aborda o IV Congresso de História Nacional, promovido pelo Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (IHGB) no Rio de Janeiro, entre 21 e 28 de abril de 1949, com o intuito de celebrar o quarto centenário da fundação da cidade de Salvador e da instituição do Governo Geral. O evento reuniu cento e cinqüenta pesquisadores, entre os quais vinte estrangeiros, dezesseis deles integrando a delegação oficial de Portugal, enviada pelo governo de Antonio de Oliveira Salazar. Pretende-se examinar a jornada acadêmica e sua contribuição à historiografia nacional.
História com Pedagogia: a contribuição da obra de Jonathas Serrano na construção do código disciplinar da História no Brasil
Authors: Schmidt Maria Auxiliadora
Published: October 2007

O artigo tem como foco a obra de Jonathas Serrano (1855-1944), membro do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro e professor de História do Colégio Pedro II. O estudo centrou-se na obra didática desse autor, particularmente em seus principais manuais voltados à formação de professores de História e destinados a alunos. As análises, pautadas no conceito de "código disciplinar", permitem sugerir que as obras de Jonathas Serrano introduziram de forma sistemática a influência da pedagogia no ensino de História, constituindo-se em importante contribuição para a construção do código disciplinar da História no Brasil.
Produtividade de alface e rabanete em cultivo consorciado estabelecido em diferentes épocas e espaçamentos entre linhas
Authors: Cecílio Filho Arthur Bernardes , Rezende Bráulio Luciano A , Canato Gustavo Henrique D
Published: October 2007

O trabalho foi conduzido na UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP, de maio a agosto de 2001, com objetivo de avaliar a produtividade de alface e rabanete em função do espaçamento e da época de estabelecimento do consórcio. Os 14 tratamentos foram avaliados em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e parcelas de 20 plantas, sendo resultado da combinação dos fatores espaçamento entre linhas da alface (0,3 e 0,4 m), sistemas de cultivo (consórcio e monocultivo) e época de semeadura do rabanete (0; 7 e 14 dias após o transplantio da alface). As cultivares utilizadas foram Tainá (alface) e Crimson Gigante (rabanete). Devido ao estande mais elevado, a produtividade do rabanete em monocultivo foi superior à melhor produtividade obtida em consórcio. Porém, quando se avaliou a produtividade em g m-1, o melhor resultado (518,8 g m-1) foi observado em cultivo consorciado com semeadura do rabanete 14 dias após o transplantio de alface (DAT), sendo significativamente superior à produtividade obtida no monocultivo. Observou-se ainda incremento significativo na produtividade de raízes comerciais de rabanete à medida em que se atrasou o estabelecimento do consórcio. O espaçamento da alface não influenciou significativamente a massa fresca da parte aérea (MFPA) das plantas das laterais do canteiro. Entretanto, houve redução significativa na MFPA das plantas internas ao canteiro quando o espaçamento entre linhas foi reduzido de 0,40 (460,3 g) para 0,30 m (321,1 g). A MFPA de plantas de alface cultivadas em consórcio e situadas nas duas linhas centrais do canteiro (MFPAIn = 434,9 g) não diferiu significativamente da obtida em monocultivo (542,9 g) quando as culturas foram implantadas na mesma data. O mesmo foi observado para plantas situadas nas laterais do canteiro (MFPAEx = 529,2 g), quando o consórcio foi estabelecido até 7 DAT da alface. Em consórcios estabelecidos a partir desta época, a produção de alface foi sempre menor que em monocultivo. Independente do espaçamento entre linhas e do tempo de semeadura do rabanete em relação ao transplantio da alface, todos os índices de Uso Eficiente da Terra (UET) foram maiores que 1,0.
Efeito do uso tópico do extrato aquoso de Orbignya phalerata (babaçu) na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas: estudo controlado em ratos
Authors: Amorim Elias , Matias Jorge Eduardo F. , Coelho Júlio Cézar U. , Campos Antonio Carlos L. , Stahlke Jr Henrique Jorge , Timi Jorge Rufino Ribas , Rocha Luiz Carlos de Almeida , Moreira Ana Tereza Ramos , Rispoli Daniel Zeni , Ferreira Lydia Masako
Published: October 2007

INTRODUÇÃO: O mesocarpo de Orbignya phalerata tem sido usado em estudos experimentais procurando verificar sua ação pró-inflamatória. OBJETIVO: Analisar comparativamente as alterações histológicas proporcionadas pelo extrato aquoso do babaçu nas feridas cutâneas. MÉTODOS: Sessenta ratos da linhagem Wistar, adultos, machos, foram utilizados. O procedimento experimental constituiu-se em uma incisão circular de 2cm de diâmetro na pele com punch metálico. Após este procedimento comum a todos, os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos contendo 30 animais cada. No grupo controle não foi utilizada a substância pesquisada e sim, solução fisiológica (Cloreto de sódio a 0,9%). No grupo experimento utilizou-se solução aquosa de Orbignya phalerata em uso tópico. Os animais foram acompanhados e mortos em sete, 14 e 21 dias. Foi feita análise histológica comparativa entre os grupos. RESULTADOS: Observou-se diferença significativa a favor da cicatrização do grupo experimento em relação ao grupo controle nos 7º e 14º dias, no que diz respeito à reepitelização. CONCLUSÃO: O uso tópico do mesocarpo de Orbignya phalerata (Babassu) contribuiu positivamente para a cicatrização das feridas cutâneas em ratos com a dosagem de 25mg/ml.
Efeito do extrato aquoso de Orbignya phalerata (babaçu) na cicatrização do estômago em ratos: estudo morfológico e tensiométrico
Authors: Batista Clelma Pires , Torres Orlando Jorge Martins , Matias Jorge Eduardo F. , Moreira Ana Tereza Ramos , Colman Daniel , Lima João Henrique Felício de , Macri Matheus Martin , Rauen Jr. Rêmulo José , Ferreira Lydia Masako , Freitas Alexandre Coutinho Teixeira de
Published: October 2007

INTRODUÇÃO: A utilização de plantas na prevenção e no tratamento de doenças é prática milenar. O babaçu (Orbignya phalerata) é uma palmeira nativa do meio norte do Brasil, tendo sua maior concentração no Estdo do Maranhão. O pó do mesocarpo do coco babaçu é popularmente conhecido como amido e tem sido usado como alimento e como medicamento por apresentar atividade antiinflamatória, imunomoduladora, analgésica e antipirética. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do extrato aquoso do mesocarpo de Orbignya phalerata na cicatrização do estômago em ratos, sob aspectos morfológico e tensiométrico. MÉTODOS: Quarenta ratos da linhagem Wistar, adultos, machos foram submetidos à incisão longitudinal de 1cm no corpo gástrico e síntese em plano único com pontos separados de polipropilene 6-0. Após este procedimento comum, os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, Orbignya (GO) e Controle (GC), contendo 20 animais cada. No GO utilizou-se dose única intra-peritoneal de extrato aquoso da planta na dose de 50mg/kg e no GC, água destilada, 1ml/kg de peso. Cada grupo foi dividido em dois subgrupos de 10, conforme o dia da morte dos animais, nos 3° e 7° dias do período pós-operatório. Após a morte, foi realizado o inventário da cavidade abdominal e procedeu-se a retirada do estômago, com posterior avaliação tensiométrica e análise miccccroscópica. Na análise comparativa entre os dois grupos utilizou parâmetros macroscópicos e microscópicos da cicatrização. RESULTADOS: Não foram detectados abscessos, fístulas ou hematomas em nenhum animal. Houve aderências abdominais nos animais dos 3° e 7° dias do período pós-operatório nos dois grupos. Houve deiscência da gastrorrafia em um rato do sub-grupo GO morto no 3º dia. A resistência à insuflação de ar atmosférico foi maior no GC de três dias (p=0,087). A análise dos parâmetros histológicos demonstrou diferença estatisticamente significativa apenas quanto à coaptação das bordas, favorecendo o sub-grupo GO de sete dias (p-0,000). CONCLUSÃO: O extrato aquoso do mesocarpo de Orbignya phalerata, na dose e via de acesso utilizadas, favoreceu a coaptação das bordas da gastrorrafia nos animais mortos no 7º dia do período pós-operatório.