bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rebuilding a Classic: The Social Construction of Reality at 50
Authors: Vera Hector
Published: February 2016

This paper traces the eventful legacy of The Social Construction of Reality, by Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann, which has been widely acclaimed as a classic text in sociology, but also has been subject to glaring and persistent misinterpretations. The paper discusses the inception and significance of the title along with the principal arguments of the authors’ work. The main achievements and shortfalls of the intellectual project behind the book are considered. The paper also introduces the contents of a special issue of Cultural Sociology to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the book’s publication.
Impact of Work Conditions and Minority Patient Populations on Quality and Errors
Authors: Varkey Anita B. , Manwell Linda Baier , Brown Roger L. , Montague Enid , Laiteerapong Neda , Burgess Diana , Ibrahim Said
Published: January 2016

Objectives:

To determine whether workplace conditions affect care quality and errors, especially in primary care clinics serving minority patients.

Methods:

We conducted a 3-year assessment of work conditions and patient outcomes in 73 primary care clinics in the upper Midwest and New York City. Study participants included 287 physicians and 1204 patients with hypertension and/or diabetes. Chart audit data were contrasted between clinics with ≥30% minority patients (minority-serving clinics, or MSCs) and those with <30% (nonminority-serving clinics, or NMSCs). Physicians reported on time pressure, work control, clinical resources, and specialty referral access; managers described room availability; and chart audits determined care errors and quality. Two-level hierarchical models tested work conditions as mediators between MSC status and clinical outcomes.

Results:

Error rates were higher in MSCs than NMSCs (29.6% vs 24.8%, P < .05). Lack of clinical resources explained 41% of the effect of MSC status on errors ( P < .05). Diabetes control was poorer in MSCs than in NMSCs (53.8% controlled vs 76.1%, P < .05); lack of clinical resources explained 24% of this difference ( P < .05). Room availability increased quality in both MSCs and NMSCs by 5.95% for each additional room per clinician per session. Lack of access to rooms and specialists decreased the likelihood of blood pressure control in MSCs.

Conclusion:

Work conditions such as clinical resources, examination room availability, and access to referrals are significantly associated with errors and quality, especially in MSCs.
GPR56 identifies primary human acute myeloid leukemia cells with high repopulating potential in vivo
Authors: Pabst Caroline , Bergeron Anne , Lavallée Vincent-Philippe , Yeh Jonathan , Gendron Patrick , Norddahl Gudmundur L. , Krosl Jana , Boivin Isabel , Deneault Eric , Simard Jessica , Imren Suzan , Boucher Geneviève , Eppert Kolja , Herold Tobias , Bohlander Stefan K. , Humphries Keith , Lemieux Sébastien , Hébert Josée , Sauvageau Guy , Barabé Frédéric
Published: February 2016

Key Points

GPR56 is a novel LSC marker for the majority of AML samples. GPR56 expression levels correlate with genetic risk groups and clinical outcome in AML.
Janus kinase inhibition lessens inflammation and ameliorates disease in murine models of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Das Rupali , Guan Peng , Sprague Leslee , Verbist Katherine , Tedrick Paige , An Qi Angel , Cheng Cheng , Kurachi Makoto , Levine Ross , Wherry E. John , Canna Scott W. , Behrens Edward M. , Nichols Kim E.
Published: January 2016

Key Points

Ruxolitinib treatment lessens immunopathology and prolongs survival in murine models of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. In vivo exposure to ruxolitinib limits CD8+ T-cell expansion and proinflammatory cytokine production.
Determining optimal diagnostic criteria through chronicity and comorbidity
Authors: Steinley Douglas , Lane Sean P. , Sher Kenneth J.
Published: February 2016

Purpose

Contemporary approaches to clinical diagnosis have not adequately exploited state-of-the-art empirical techniques in deriving diagnostic criterion sets that are statistically optimal based on 1) relevant external indicators and 2) replicability across data sets. We provide a proof of concept that optimal criterion sets can be derived with respect to alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnosis that are both more efficient and precise than current systems.

Methods

Using data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions we selected chronicity (i.e. persistence) of AUD diagnosis and comorbidity of AUD with other disorders as validation criteria on which to optimize the size of the AUD criterion set and the threshold for AUD diagnosis. We used cross-validation and consensus approaches for choosing a final solution.

Results

Cross-validation did not produce a solution that replicated across random subsamples or differed from conventional diagnosis. Alternatively, consensus produced a more global solution that was associated with greater validity than “conventional” diagnosis.

Conclusion

Such methods, if applied to extant diagnostic criteria and algorithms can generate simpler and more reliable rules and hold promise for greatly reducing misclassification of individuals in both research and applied clinical contexts.
Exploiting the ‘non-dit’ and other discursive tactics in the New Caledonian independence debate: a pragma-functional approach to critical discourse analysis
Authors: Lecompte-Van Poucke Margo
Published: January 2016

This paper seeks to critically evaluate part of the New Caledonian independence debate, as discursively enacted by various social actors within the postcolonial space. It is common within Critical Discourse Analysis to investigate texts from the dominant side only and as a monologue in order to elucidate covert power processes. However, this case study simultaneously explores the counter-discourse of resistance, thus offering a more balanced insight in the ongoing conflict situation. A Pragma-Functional approach, combining Systemic Functional Linguistics and Pragma-Dialectics is applied to a set of data across various genres and registers, investigating salient patterns in the discourse samples, produced by various representatives of relevant speech communities. The study demonstrates how the interactants in the New Caledonian independence debate construe power and ideology through the transitivity choices and enthymematic structures they employ, revealing highly incongruous views and assumptions of the reality of ‘Caledonianness’. It further argues that the dominant French discourse aims to convince the New Caledonian audience of the truth of their propositions by presenting their view as a common sense solution to the independence issue, whereas the opposing side actively contests this view and, instead, wishes to promote the ‘Melanesian way’.
Control of influenza infection is impaired by diminished interferon-γ secretion by CD4 T cells in the lungs of toddler mice
Authors: Verhoeven David , Perry Sheldon , Pryharski Karin
Published: January 2016

Respiratory viral infections, such as influenza, can lead to delayed viral clearance in toddlers, possibly exacerbating disease morbidity. We hypothesized that defective CD4 T cells in toddlers may contribute to a failure to clear virus at a similar rate to adults. Thus, we developed a young mouse model to examine potential divergent responses between toddlers and adults. We determined that young mice (toddler mice, 21 d old) were actively generating and recruiting effector/memory T cells, whereas memory populations were firmly established in older, adult mice (8–10 wk old). We infected toddler and adult mice with influenza A/PR8/34 (H1N1) and found young mice had elevated morbidity, as measured by enhanced weight loss and lower partial pressure of oxygen levels, throughout the infection, thus, modeling the higher morbidity observed in children (<2 y old) during infection. Early viral loads were comparable to adult mice, but toddler mice failed to clear virus by 10 d postinfection. This delayed clearance corresponded to poor lung recruitment of CD4 T cells, lower antiviral T cell responses, and lower B cell/antibodies in the lungs. Mechanistically, diminished interferon-γ was detected in the lungs of toddler mice throughout the infection and corresponded to intrinsic, rather than extrinsic, CD4 T cell limitations in interferon-γ transcription. Moreover, defects in interferon-γ production appeared downstream from signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 in the interleukin-12 signaling pathway, suggesting maturational delays different from neonates. Importantly, recombinant interferon-γ supplementation rescued CD4 T cell numbers in the lungs and influenza-specific antibody formation. This study highlights the intrinsic limitations in CD4 T cell effector functions that may arise in toddlers and contribute to disease pathology.
A rock-physics investigation of unconsolidated saline permafrost: P-wave properties from laboratory ultrasonic measurements
Authors: Dou Shan , Nakagawa Seiji , Dreger Douglas , Ajo-Franklin Jonathan
Published: January 2016

Saline permafrost is sensitive to thermal disturbances and is prone to subsidence, which renders it a major source of geohazard in Arctic coastal environments. Seismic methods could be used to map and monitor saline permafrost at scales of geotechnical interests because of the ice-content dependencies of seismic properties. We have developed a comprehensive study of the ultrasonic P-wave properties (i.e., velocity and attenuation) of synthetic saline permafrost samples for a range of salinities and temperatures, and measurements conducted on a fine-grained permafrost core obtained from Barrow, Alaska. The resulting data consist of P-wave properties presented as functions of temperature and salinity. Notable observations include the following: P-wave velocities showed marked reductions in the presence of dissolved salts and complex variations resulting from the water-to-ice phase transitions; strong P-wave attenuation was present in the temperature intervals in which the samples were partially frozen. When presented as functions of ice saturation, the data sets lead us to two key findings: (1) neither a purely cementing nor a purely pore-filling model of the pore-scale distributions of ice could adequately fit the observed velocity data and (2) although the velocities increase monotonically with increasing ice saturations, P-wave attenuation reaches a maximum at intermediate ice saturations—contrary to the ordinary expectation of decreasing attenuation with increasing velocities. The observed ice-content dependencies of P-wave properties, along with the implications on the probable pore-scale distributions of ice, provide a valuable basis for rock-physics modeling, which in turn could facilitate seismic characterizations of saline permafrost.
Effect of electrode shape on grounding resistances — Part 1: The focus-one protocol
Authors: Ingeman-Nielsen Thomas , Tomaškovičová Soňa , Dahlin Torleif
Published: February 2016

Electrode grounding resistance is a major factor affecting measurement quality in electric resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements for cryospheric applications. Still, little information is available on grounding resistances in the geophysical literature, mainly because it is difficult to measure. The focus-one protocol is a new method for estimating single electrode grounding resistances by measuring the resistance between a single electrode in an ERT array and all the remaining electrodes connected in parallel. For large arrays, the measured resistance is dominated by the grounding resistance of the electrode under test, the focus electrode. We have developed an equivalent circuit model formulation for the resistance measured when applying the focus-one protocol. Our model depends on the individual grounding resistances of the electrodes of the array, the mutual resistances between electrodes, and the instrument input impedance. Using analytical formulations for the potentials around prolate and oblate spheroidal electrode models (as approximations for rod and plate electrodes), we have investigated the performance and accuracy of the focus-one protocol in estimating single-electrode grounding resistances. We also found that the focus-one protocol provided accurate estimations of electrode grounding resistances to within [Formula: see text] for arrays of 30 electrodes or more when the ratio of instrument input impedance to the half-space resistivity was [Formula: see text] or more. The focus-one protocol was of high practical value in field operations because it helped to optimize array installation, electrode design, and placement. The measured grounding resistances may also be included in future inversion schemes to improve data interpretation under difficult environmental conditions such as those encountered in cryospheric applications.
What can psychiatry learn from the Munro Review of Child
Protection?
Authors: Cohen Mark
Published: February 2016

The Munro Review of Child Protection approached the problem of child
protection from an understanding based upon systems analysis. Risk
assessment in psychiatry has similarities to the assessment by social
workers of child protection issues. Psychiatry as a profession could learn
from the Review, and, in doing so, be supported in recovering and
communicating the requirements for good clinical practice.
Medical certification of incapacity in guardianship applications: conceptualising capacity
Authors: Russ Tom C. , Thomson Alison , Lyons Donald
Published: February 2016

Aims and method

To examine how capacity is recorded in practice and compare this with the statutory definition, medical reports accompanying a random 10% sample (183 applications; 360 reports) of guardianship applications granted in 2011–2012 were examined.

Results

Clinicians did not explicitly use the statutory definition of capacity in 47.5% of reports. Over half of applications (56.4%) did not explicitly link the powers sought with the patient's vulnerabilities; such a link was less common in older adults (P = 0.0175).

Clinical implications

Guardianship orders can justify deprivation of liberty. Therefore it is important that such cases involve a thorough assessment of the person and that due process is followed, including adherence to the statutory definition of capacity. Practice could be improved by altering the paperwork required of medical practitioners, in line with mental health legislation. In addition, these findings should inform current legislation reform.
How psychiatric trainees keep up to date: survey of psychiatric trainees' use of journals and other information sources
Authors: Walker-Tilley Tom , Bainton John , Fernando Matthew , Wong Yimlun , Ko Ba , Warner James , Nilforooshan Ramin
Published: February 2016

Aims and method

To gather information about psychiatric trainees' use of different information sources and academic materials, a questionnaire was distributed at the London Deanery Annual Psychiatry Trainee Conference and the training programmes of two teaching trusts.

Results

Participants returned 202 out of a total of 300 completed questionnaires (67%). Websites were the most commonly accessed information source ahead of textbooks, abstracts and journals. Year of training correlated positively with journal use and negatively with textbook use. Year of training also correlated positively with frequency of reading three journals published by the Royal College of Psychiatrists and with specific reasons for consulting journals, namely to improve clinical practice and inform trainees' own research.

Clinical implications

Respondents reported consulting websites more frequently than more traditional information sources but journals are still a widely used source of information for trainee clinicians. It is important that trainees continue to be equipped with skills to identify and access high-quality information at the point of clinical uncertainty.
In-depth analysis of cis-determinants that either promote or inhibit reinitiation on GCN4 mRNA after translation of its four short uORFs
Authors: Gunišová Stanislava , Beznosková Petra , Mohammad Mahabub Pasha , Vlčková Vladislava , Valášek Leoš Shivaya
Published: January 2016

Translational control in eukaryotes is exerted by many means, one of which involves a ribosome translating multiple cistrons per mRNA as in bacteria. It is called reinitiation (REI) and occurs on mRNAs where the main ORF is preceded by a short upstream uORF(s). Some uORFs support efficient REI on downstream cistrons, whereas some others do not. The mRNA of yeast transcriptional activator GCN4 contains four uORFs of both types that together compose an intriguing regulatory mechanism of its expression responding to nutrients’ availability and various stresses. Here we subjected all GCN4 uORFs to a comprehensive analysis to identify all REI-promoting and inhibiting cis-determinants that contribute either autonomously or in synergy to the overall efficiency of REI on GCN4. We found that the 3′ sequences of uORFs 1–3 contain a conserved AU1-2A/UUAU2 motif that promotes REI in position-specific, autonomous fashion such as the REI-promoting elements occurring in 5′ sequences of uORF1 and uORF2. We also identified autonomous and transferable REI-inhibiting elements in the 3′ sequences of uORF2 and uORF3, immediately following their AU-rich motif. Furthermore, we analyzed contributions of coding triplets and terminating stop codon tetranucleotides of GCN4 uORFs showing a negative correlation between the efficiency of reinitiation and efficiency of translation termination. Together we provide a complex overview of all cis-determinants of REI with their effects set in the context of the overall GCN4 translational control.
Engineering Design Methodology for Green-Field Supply Chain Architectures Taxonomic Scheme
Authors: Radanliev Petar
Published: February 2016

Supply chain engineering requires a design that possesses the flexibility of a complex adaptive system, consisting of interlinking architecture, with external dimensions and system germane internal elements. The aim of this paper is to critically analyse the key supply chain concepts and approaches, to assess the fit between the research literature and the practical issues of supply chain architecture, design and engineering. The objective is to develop a methodology for strategy engineering, which could be used by practitioners when integrating supply chain architecture and design. Taxonomic scheme is applied to consider criteria for strategy architecture, hierarchical strategy integration design, strategy engineering, and integration of supply chain as a conceptual system. The results from this paper derived with the findings that the relationship between supply chain architecture, design and engineering is weak, and challenges remain in the process of adapting and aligning operations. This paper derived with a novel approach for addressing these obstacles, through a conceptual framework diagram and a new methodology, based on the taxonomic scheme. The novelty that derives from this paper is an engineering design methodology for integrating supply chain architecture and design, with criteria that enable decomposing and building a green-field (new and non-existent) supply chain as a system. The taxonomic scheme revealed a number of tools and mechanism, which enabled the development of a new methodology for engineering integrated architecture and design. The review derived with improvements to current and existing theories for analysing interdependencies within and between their individual contexts. This issue is addressed with a hierarchical method for network design, applied for building and combining the integration criteria. The resulting methodology is field tested through a case study with the slate mining industry in North Wales. DOI:10.12660/joscmv8n2p52-66URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/joscmv8n2p52-66
Key Organisational Factors to Building Supply Chain Resilience: a Multiple Case Study of Buyers and Suppliers
Authors: Pereira Carla Roberta , Da Silva Andrea Lago
Published: February 2016

Achieving resiliency along the supply chain requires internal and external effort from all members of the chain. The purpose of this paper to identify key organisational factors to building resiliency in supply chain, and to understand how these factors can influence the development or enhancement of the supply chain resilience. To do so, a multiple case study was performed in different supply chains to validate organisational factors identified on the literature. As a result, ten organisational factors (five internal and four external) were highlighted and propositions were developed after the cross-case discussion to affirm the influence of them in building or enhancing supply chain resilience. DOI:10.12660/joscmv8n2p77-95URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/joscmv8n2p77-95
Modelling Collaborative Transportation Management: Current State And Opportunities For Future Research
Authors: Okdinawati Liane , Simatupang Togar M , Sunitiyoso Yos
Published: February 2016

Collaborative Transportation Management (CTM) aims to reduce inefficiency, improve services, and provide mutual outcome to all parties. CTM has raised significant interest of both researchers and practitioners. Sharing information is the most basic form of coordination in supply chains to integrate CTM models at strategic, tactical, and operational levels. However, little has been known about the state of the art of CTM models. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the current state of CTM models. The overview of the CTM models is organized by classifying the previous literatures on different collaborative structures and different levels of planning. This paper also presents the relevant solution techniques used for each planning level. A review on the current state of CTM models concludes by highlighting the unaddressed areas or the gaps existing in the current literatures and by suggesting directions for future research in CTM. DOI:10.12660/joscmv8n2p96-119URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/joscmv8n2p96-119
Catalysts of plant cell wall loosening
Authors: Cosgrove Daniel J.
Published: January 2016

The growing cell wall in plants has conflicting requirements to be strong enough to withstand the high tensile forces generated by cell turgor pressure while selectively yielding to those forces to induce wall stress relaxation, leading to water uptake and polymer movements underlying cell wall expansion. In this article, I review emerging concepts of plant primary cell wall structure, the nature of wall extensibility and the action of expansins, family-9 and -12 endoglucanases, family-16 xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH), and pectin methylesterases, and offer a critical assessment of their wall-loosening activity
DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF DESTRUCTION OF ELEMENTS OF THE BASE ON GENERAL TECHNICAL CONDITION OF HOUSING FACILITIES
Authors: Шутова Марина , Shutova Marina , Субботин Анатолий , Subbotin Anatoliy , Болдарев Сергей , Boldarev S
Published: February 2016

The article is devoted compared the results of determination of physical deterioration and condition of foundations housing facilities according to the standard procedure and the actual state of foundations, estimated by the results of a full technical inspection of construction projects
Monetary policy and investments in the Polish economy
Authors: Jędruchniewicz Andrzej
Published: February 2016

Investments are an important source of development of enterprises and the economy. They depend on many factors. According to most of the major economic schools, an important factor influencing the level and dynamics of investment inputs is monetary policy. The main objective of the study is to investigate the influence of monetary policy of Polish National Bank on the dynamics and structure of investments in Poland. Due to the realistic theory of capital, investment changes were assessed primarily from the point of view of the Austrian school. Research methods that were used in this study include deduction and statistical analysis. In the years 2006-2013, the Polish economy has performed moderately linear relationship between the reference interest rate and the dynamics of investments. Changes in monetary policy led to a disproportionate growth of production of various goods both in periods of better and bad economic situation. Volatility of capital inputs was substantially higher than the production of consumer goods. Also, investments in industries at the early stages of the production structure changed more dynamically than those in sectors that are closest to the consumer. The obtained results confirm the theory of the Austrian School.
How to effectively support export activity?
Authors: Fornalska-Skurczyńska Anna
Published: February 2016

Export is crucial for economy. It influences the level of economic growth, balance of payment and social welfare among many others. Therefore, increase in exports often becomes one of the main objectives of governments. This raises the question of how to support export activity of the companies in order to ensure the expected increase in export. Approaches towards this problem differ significantly. The fact that this support is covered mainly from public funds raises the question of the justifiability and effectiveness of such assistance. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether to support export activity at all, and if so, how to do it effectively. To achieve the goal of the article the author analyzed both Polish and foreign literature, with special emphasis on the newest trade theories. The Author analyzes secondary data describing factors that determine export activity, describes the profile of a company becoming an exporter and investigates actual connection between the offered support and the increase in export activity.
Accreditation: what is its true meaning and how does it apply to aesthetics?
Authors: Taber Sally , Barton Cheryl
Published: February 2016

The lack of regulation in the medical aesthetics sector has forced practitoners and private companies to take the lead and develop guidelines and standards for best practice. However, it could be argued that some organisations have taken advantage of the need for more structure in the field, by claiming to have the power to ‘accredit’ practitioners. Sally Taber and Cheryl Barton discuss this issue in depth
Dominance and diversity studies of tree species in lesser Himalayan forest of Uttarakhand, India
Authors: BISHT A. S. , BHATT A. B.
Published: January 2016

Bisht AS, Bhatt AB. 2016. Dominance and diversity studies of tree species in lesser Himalayan forest of Uttarakhand, India. Biodiversitas 17: 70-77. For the present investigation single mountain, approach was applied. This is a supplement the basic approach and extends the gradients further downward in to the forest belt. Vegetational analysis of nine stands covering all the four aspects of the study site of Pauri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand, India has been undertaken. In seven trees, species were encountered. East aspect is characteristics by highest density of Cupressus torulosa while west aspect comprised of Cedrus deodara, Myrica esculenta, Pinus.roxbugrhii, Quercus leucotrichophora and Rhododendron arboreum, i.e.high diversity with low dominance Cupressus torulosa and Cedrus deodara dominated the north aspect. In general, influence of higher anthropogenic pressure on Quercus species is an important factor for leads to gradual replacement of oak species by Pinus roxburghii in all the aspects.
Efeitos do Programa Educacional de Resistência às Drogas e à Violência (PROERD) entre estudantes do Ensino Fundamental no Cariri cearense: Um estudo Comparativo
Authors: Guedes José Demontier , Nóbrega Alex Figueiredo da
Published: February 2016

No presente estudo buscou-se discutir os efeitos do Programa Educacional de Resistência às Drogas e à Violência (PROERD) na prevenção ao uso de drogas em relação aos fatores de proteção e redução da vulnerabilidade, abordando também os aspectos de relacionamento e convívio familiar. O Programa atua especificamente na prevenção primária, discutindo os malefícios que as drogas podem causar e as técnicas para manter-se afastado e resistir às ofertas. A pesquisa teve como objetivo caracterizar o Programa e seus efeitos, partindo da escuta de estudantes atendidos por este em relação a sua participação no curso e também daqueles que não tiveram a oportunidade de participar das instruções. Desse modo, resulta-se na identificação da postura dos alunos em relação à resistência ao uso de drogas. Objetivou-se ainda, identificar a percepção dos educandos quanto à resistência ao uso de drogas. A construção deste trabalho possibilitou uma melhor compreensão das ações do Proerd, tanto nas relações familiares quanto educacionais, ao tempo em que retrata questões de aceitação de substâncias químicas e faz um comparativo do uso entre os concludentes do curso com aqueles que não participaram. O método da pesquisa foi quantitativo com levantamento de dados através de questionário elaborado pelo próprio pesquisador. A amostra da pesquisa foi de 392 alunos, divididos entre seis municípios da Região do Cariri Cearense, nas séries do 6º ao 9ºanos. Destes 229 participaram do Proerd e 163 não tiveram as instruções de prevenção. Analisando os resultados obtidos na pesquisa, percebeu-se que, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação ao consumo de cigarro e álcool entre os estudantes participantes e não do Programa, bem como a taxa de consumo conforme avaliação da escola onde estuda, da frequência e da participação dos pais na vida escolar.
Emancipating the Image: The Beijing Olympics, Regeneration, and the Power of Performance
Authors: Barker Carol Mei
Published: January 2016

“In China, what makes an image true is that it is good for people to see it.” - Susan Sontag, On Photography, 1971

In The Practice of Everyday Life, Michel de Certeau gazes down upon New York City from the 110th floor of the World Trade Centre and sees the island of Manhattan as an image. In particular, he witnesses the famous Manhattan skyline as a powerful ‘image-text’ containing a multiplicity of meanings, interpretations, and symbols. Considering the possibilities of the city as visual simulacrum he asks: “[i]s the immense texturology spread out before one’s eyes anything more than a representation; an optical artefact?” Twenty or so years after De Certeau wandered the streets of New York and pondered its pictorial power, such a perspective can be applied to Olympic and Post Olympic Beijing.

The Olympic Games gave the world an opportunity to read Beijing’s powerful image-text following thirty years of rapid transformation. David Harvey argues that this transformation has turned Beijing from “a closed backwater, to an open centre of capitalist dynamism.” However, in the creation of this image-text, another subtler and altogether very different image-text has been deliberately erased from the public gaze. This more concealed image-text offers a significant counter narrative on the city’s public image and criticises the simulacrum constructed for the 2008 Olympics, both implicitly and explicitly. It is the ‘everyday’ image-text of a disappearing city still in the process of being bulldozed to make way for the neoliberal world’s next megalopolis. It exists most prominently as a filmic image text; in film documentaries about a ‘real’ hidden Beijing just below the surface of the government sponsored ‘optical artefact.’ Film has thus become a key medium through which to understand and preserve a physical city on the verge of erasure.
Fully dynamic betweenness centrality maintenance on massive networks
Authors: Hayashi Takanori , Akiba Takuya , Yoshida Yuichi
Published: February 2016

Measuring the relative importance of each vertex in a network is one of the most fundamental building blocks in network analysis. Among several importance measures,
betweenness centrality
, in particular, plays key roles in many real applications. Considerable effort has been made for developing algorithms for static settings. However, real networks today are highly dynamic and are evolving rapidly, and scalable dynamic methods that can instantly reflect graph changes into centrality values are required.

In this paper, we present the first fully dynamic method for managing betweenness centrality of all vertices in a large dynamic network. Its main data structure is the weighted hyperedge representation of shortest paths called
hypergraph sketch.
We carefully design dynamic update procedure with theoretical accuracy guarantee. To accelerate updates, we further propose two auxiliary data structures called
two-ball index
and
special-purpose reachability index.
Experimental results using real networks demonstrate its high scalability and efficiency. In particular, it can reflect a graph change in less than a millisecond on average for a large-scale web graph with 106M vertices and 3.7B edges, which is several orders of magnitude larger than the limits of previous dynamic methods.
A shifting bloom filter framework for set queries
Authors: Yang Tong , Liu Alex X. , Shahzad Muhammad , Zhong Yuankun , Fu Qiaobin , Li Zi , Xie Gaogang , Li Xiaoming
Published: February 2016

Set queries are fundamental operations in computer systems and applications. This paper addresses the fundamental problem of designing a probabilistic data structure that can quickly process set queries using a small amount of memory. We propose a Shifting Bloom Filter (ShBF) framework for representing and querying sets. We demonstrate the effectiveness of ShBF using three types of popular set queries: membership, association, and multiplicity queries. The key novelty of ShBF is on encoding the auxiliary information of a set element in a location offset. In contrast, prior BF based set data structures allocate additional memory to store auxiliary information. We conducted experiments using real-world network traces, and results show that ShBF significantly advances the state-of-the-art on all three types of set queries.
Cardiac Troponin-I Concentration In Weaned Calves With Bovine Respiratory Disease
Authors: Hanedan Basak , Kirbas Akin , Dorman Emrullah , Timurkan Mehmet Ozkan , Kandemir Mehmet Fatih , Alkan Omer
Published: February 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations in weaned calves with moderate and severe bovine respiratory disease. Eighteen healthy weaned calves (group I), 18 weaned calves with moderate bovine respiratory disease (group II) and 18 weaned calves with severe bovine respiratory disease (group III) were included in the study. Clinical signs and severity of respiratory disease according to clinical index scores were determined. Blood cell counts and cardiac biomarkers, such as serum cTnI concentrations and creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were determined in all groups. Temperature and respiratory and pulse rates were significantly increased in calves with moderate and severe bovine respiratory disease compared to healthy calves (P < 0.05). Serum cTnI concentrations and LDH activities were significantly increased in the calves with severe bovine respiratory disease compared to healthy calves and calves with moderate bovine respiratory disease (P < 0.05). A significant increase in white blood cell counts in calves with moderate and severe bovine respiratory disease and lymphopenia and neutrophilia in calves with severe bovine respiratory disease were also found. The study suggests that severe bovine respiratory disease causes increased serum cTnI concentrations in weaned calves.
Safety Evaluation Of Sjenica Cheese With Regard To Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci And Antibiotic Resistance Of Lactic Acid Bacteria And Staphylococci
Authors: Bulajić Snežana , Mijačević Zora , Ledina Tijana , Golić Bojan
Published: February 2016

Sjenica cheese is an artisanal cheese stored in brine, traditionally produced from raw sheep’s milk in the southern part of Serbia - Sjenica Pester plateau.

The aim of this study was to perform the safety evaluation of Sjenica cheese. As one of the safety criteria we considered the number of coagulase positive staphylococci and their enterotoxigenic potential. Antibiotic susceptibility/resistance patterns of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria and coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from Sjenica cheese was also investigated.

During the monitoring period of the cheese-making process, coagulase positive staphylococci did not reach the value of 105 cfu/g. Among coagulase positive staphylococci, 12 (46,15%) isolates showed enterotoxigenic potential and were identified as Staphylococcus intermedius (11 isolates) and Staphylococcus aureus (1 isolate). Vancomycin resistance was the most prevalent phenotypic resistance profile in coagulase positive staphylococci.

Lactococci present the most dominant population among lactic acid bacteria. The most prevalent resistance phenotype in lactococci was resistance to streptomycin (83.33%), ampicillin and penicillin (70.83%); lactobacilli were characterized by resistance to vancomycin (62.5%) and tetracycline (54.17%), while resistance to streptomycin (82.46%) was the most prevalent phenotypic profile in enterococci.

All coagulase positive staphylococci and lactic acid bacteria isolates that showed resistance to tetracycline on disc diffusion and E-test, were tested for the presence of ribosomal protection proteins, tet(M) and tet(K) genes. All isolates were positive for ribosomal protection proteins genes; 14 (60.87%) isolates showed tet(M) gene presence, while 2 lactobacilli isolates revealed the presence of tet(K) gene.
Two Feet-One Hand Syndrome: A Case Report / Sindrom dva stopala i jedne šake – prikaz slučaja
Authors: Bjekić Milan
Published: February 2016

Two feet-one hand syndrome is a superficial fungal infections of the skin which involves both feet and one hand. Trichophyton rubrum and occasionally Trichophyton mentagrophytes are the usual causative organisms.

We present a 32-year-old healthy man with sharply demarcated papular erythematous and squamous lesions on dorsal aspect of the feet and diffuse dry scaling lesions of the right palm. In this syndrome, the development of tinea pedis generally precedes the development of tinea manus, which usually occurs on the hand that excoriated the pruritic feet or picked the toenails with onychomycosis. Our patient often used his dominant right hand to scratch the feet.

On mycological examination, fungal spores and mycelia were present and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was isolated. The patient was treated with itraconazole 200 mg daily for two weeks and topical terbinafine cream for four weeks. After the treatment all lesions resolved and fungal culture was negative.

Early diagnoses and treatment of tinea pedis and education about prophylaxis, constant care and regular medical assistance would minimize this problem in predisposed individuals.
First report of the Hawaiian genus Newhousia (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) from Madang, Papua New Guinea and description of the new species N. yhaga sp. nov.
Authors: Vieira Christophe , De Clerck Olivier , Payri Claude E.
Published: January 2016

The calcified encrusting brown-algal genus Newhousia was collected in 2012 from two sites in Madang Lagoon, northern Papua New Guinea. This is the first report of that enigmatic genus since its original description in 2004 from Oahu in the Hawaiian Islands. Morphologies of thalli from both Papuan localities agree with the original diagnosis and the published figures of the Hawaiian Newhousia imbricata. Ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase large subunit (rbcL) sequences of Papuan specimens were 96% identical to those of N. imbricata, and although there were no outstanding morphological differences between the Hawaiian and the Papuan specimens, the genetic divergence between the two strongly indicates they are not conspecific. A formal description of the new species, Newhousia yhaga, is provided and the phylogenetic implications of concatenated cox3, psbA and rbcL sequences evaluated. A multi-marker phylogeny was generated in the hope to establish the precise phylogenetic position of Newhousia within the order Dictyotales. Even though both Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) analysis point to Newhousia being sister to Lobophora, these results are not supported by ML bootstrap values. The present documentation of Newhousia in a southwest Pacific locality considerably extends the geographical range of this unusual genus.
Moving towards harmonized reporting of serum and urine protein electrophoresis
Authors: Moss Michael A.
Published: January 2016

During the last decade, surveys by questionnaire in Canada, Australia and New Zealand revealed wide variation in reporting practices by laboratories and individual practitioners in the interpretation of serum and urine protein electrophoresis (PE). Such variation has potential to adversely impact patient outcomes if report structure is inconsistent or if the messaging is incorrectly perceived by the receiving physician. Concerted efforts have been initiated to promote harmonization in the use of interpretative comments. The primary goal is to add value through clear communication with requesting physicians in the interest of quality patient care. Resistance to a harmonized approach largely reflects longstanding personal reporting habits and preferences but change can be more readily embraced if the new system is intuitive, easy to use and saves time in reporting.
E-learning as a Diffusion of Innovation in the Rural Areas of the European Union1
Authors: Kaleta Andrzej
Published: February 2016

Early observations show that the introduction of e-learning to the rural areas of the EU has brought fewer advantages than had initially been expected. The results of the international research – interpreted by the means of the sociological theory of diffusion – indicate that the economic profitability does not have much influence on the pace of disseminating of that innovation; since, the rural inhabitants – both those following the e-learning courses as well as those who have not yet done so – largely feel that that type of education has the variety of advantages including the lowering of its costs. It seems that its social profitability has the crucial influence on the poor dissemination of this new form of teaching and learning. E-learning has not yet found its niche in the value systems or educational experiences of the Europe’s rural populations, since – rather like the other forms of education – it does not automatically improve the capability of coping with the current day-today problems. The better adaptation to the needs of the rural inhabitants through the perception of various types of the deficits hindering the usage of this type of education is intended by the so-called innovative e-learning, implementing new and generally innovative solutions to the pedagogical, technological and organisational fields, which overcome existing limitations through the greater flexibility of the ways of the potential participants’ accessing e-learning proposals as well as the greater adaptation to the individual needs.
Acute Exercise and Oxidative Stress: CrossFit™ vs. Treadmill Bout
Authors: Kliszczewicz Brian , John Quindry C. , Daniel Blessing L. , Gretchen Oliver D. , Michael Esco R. , Kyle Taylor J.
Published: February 2016

CrossFit™, a popular high-intensity training modality, has been the subject of scrutiny, with concerns of elevated risk of injury and health. Despite these concerns empirical evidence regarding physiologic stresses including acute oxidative stress is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute redox response to a CrossFit™ bout. Furthermore, these findings were compared to a high-intensity treadmill bout as a point of reference. Ten males 26.4 ± 2.7 yrs having three or more months of CrossFit™ experience participated in the present study. Blood plasma was collected at four time points: Pre-exercise (PRE), immediately-post-exercise (IPE), 1 hr-post (1-HP) and 2 hr-post (2-HP), to examine oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity. Regarding plasma oxidative damage, CrossFit™ and Treadmill elicited a time-dependent increase of lipid peroxides 1-HP (CrossFit™=+143%,Treadmill=+115%) and 2-HP (CrossFit™=+256%,Treadmill+167%). Protein Carbonyls were increased IPE in CF only (+5%), while a time-dependent decrease occurred 1-HP (CrossFit™=−16%,Treadmill=−8%) and 2-HP (CF=−16%,TM=−1%) compared to IPE. Regarding antioxidant capacity, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power also demonstrated a time-dependent increase within CrossFit™ and Treadmill: IPE (CrossFit™=+25%,Treadmill=+17%), 1-HP (CrossFit™=+26%,Treadmill=+4.8%), 2-HP (CrossFit™=+20%,Treadmill=+12%). Total Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity showed a time-dependent decrease in IPE (CrossFit™= −10%,Treadmill=−12%), 1-HP (CrossFit™= −12%,Treadmill=−6%), 2-HP (CrossFit™= −7%,Treadmill=−11%). No trial-dependent differences were observed in any biomarker of oxidative stress. The CrossFit™ bout elicited an acute blood oxidative stress response comparable to a traditional bout of high-intensity treadmill running. Results also confirm that exercise intensity and the time course of exercise recovery influence oxidative responses.
Effect of a Six-Week Preparation Period on Acute Physiological Responses to a Simulated Combat in Young National-Level Taekwondo Athletes
Authors: Nikolaidis Pantelis T. , Chtourou Hamdi , Torres-Luque Gema , Tasiopoulos Ioannis G. , Heller Jan , Padulo Johnny
Published: February 2016

The aim of this study was to examine changes in physical attributes, physiological characteristics and responses that occurred in a simulated combat during a six-week preparatory period in young taekwondo athletes. Seven athletes (age 12.17 ±1.11 years) were examined before (pre-intervention) and after (post-intervention) a preparatory period for physical fitness and physiological responses to a 2×90 s simulated bout with a 30 s rest period. The heart rate (HR) was monitored during the simulated combat, and handgrip muscle strength (HMS) along with the countermovement jump (CMJ) were recorded before and after the combat. When compared with pre-intervention values, in post-intervention we observed a decrease in body mass, body fat percentage, and the HR at rest and during recovery after a 3 min step test, and an increase in maximal velocity of the cycle ergometer force-velocity test, the CMJ and mean power during the 30 s continuous jumping test (p<0.05). Furthermore, HR responses to a simulated combat were lower in the post-intervention session (p<0.05). CMJ values increased after the bout in both pre and post-intervention, with higher absolute values in the latter case (p<0.05), whereas there was no difference in HMS. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the acute physiological responses to a simulated taekwondo combat vary during a season, which might be explained by changes in physical fitness.