bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Pouring Temperature on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of 7085 Ingot Casting by Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Wang Duan Zhi , Shao Hong Bang , Fan Zhen Zhong , Chen Jun Zhou , Huang Yuan Chun
Published: November 2021

The microstructure and mechanical properties of the 7085 ingot casting was tested by OM, SEM and EDS, the fatigue damage was observed in the driving test process, the temperature gradient distribution was adjusted observably by using the FEM simulation analysis. By adjusting the pouring temperature, many micro shrinkage metallurgical defects were eliminated, the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation were raised to 498MPa, 362MPa and 7.4% at the T6 heat treatment state.
Characterization of Coal Fly Ash, Bottom Ash and their Possibilities as Catalysts for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Kingkam Wilasinee , Nuchdang Sasikarn , Rattanaphra Dussadee
Published: November 2021

Coal fly ash (CFA) and bottom ash (BA) obtained from coal fired power plants in Thailand and local supplier were characterized using XRF, XRD and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques. Their possibilities for conversion of palm oil into biodiesel were investigated. Selected CFA was also modified with lanthanum (La) at different La loading and the influence of La loading on biodiesel conversion was evaluated. The resulted showed that the Class C CFA as contained large amount of CaO (free lime) could catalyze the transesterification to achieve the highest FAME content of 89% under the operation conditions; the reaction temperature of 200 °C, the reaction pressure of 39 bars, the catalyst loading of 5 wt% of oil, the molar of oil to methanol of 1:30 and the stirring speed of 600 rpm for 5 h. The addition of La on the Class C CFA had a negative effect on conversion of palm oil. The FAME content decreased gradually from 89 to 62% with increasing La loading from 0 to 1 wt%.
Synthesis of Sustainable and High Purity of Quicklime Derived from Calcination of Eggshell Waste in a Laboratory-Scale Rotary Furnace
Authors: Chuakham Suwanan , Putkham Apipong , Putkham Ajchara Imkum , Kanokwan Sukaranan
Published: November 2021

Quick lime or calcium oxide has attracted significant attention as a sustainable material to be used as fillers and catalysts in a broad range of industries. The quick lime derived from calcination of eggshell waste in a laboratory-scale rotary furnace is reported in this study. The eggshell waste was prepared by washing several times, drying in the sun, grinding and sieving through a 250 micrometers sieve size. Calcination of the sieved eggshells waste was conducted in a single zone rotary tube furnace at 800 °C with 5 degree slope and at 1 rpm. Both physical and chemical properties of the calcium oxide derived from the calcination of eggshell waste were systematically investigated by various scientific instruments. The results from powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence: (XRF) showed that most of the calcium carbonate in the eggshell waste was thermally transformed to nano-calcium oxide with mean crystallite size of 47.5 nm and with a purity of 97.8%. The results from this study indicated the optimum conditions and the possibility for mass production of nano-calcium oxide via rotary furnace and have shown that the obtained nano-calcium oxide is comparable to the commercial chemical.
Thermal Insulation Performances of Plaster Composites Based on Embedding Natural Rubber Latex Compound
Authors: Tangboriboon Nuchnapa , Muntongkaw Sarun , Pianklang Sompratthana
Published: November 2021

Adding 0, 20, and 50 wt% natural-rubber latex compound into the plaster ceiling matrix affected to increase the physical-mechanical-thermal performance properties of plaster ceiling composites. Adding 50 wt% natural rubber latex compound into plaster composites can increase the superior adhesion of the nail-tensile resistance equal to 57.54 N and decrease thermal conductivity equal to 0.0634 W/m.K. In addition, adding natural rubber latex compounds into plaster composites can reduce water solubility, brittleness, impact, and cost of energy consumption due to the exterior temperature. Adequate thermal insulation for roofing, ceiling, and wall systems also reduces radiative losses that chill occupants in cold weather, and reduce interior surface temperatures in the summer, thereby optimizing the comfort of building occupants. The mechanical and thermal properties of plaster composites were investigated by using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and heat flow meter, respectively, measured according to TIS 1211-50, TIS 219-2522, and ASTM C518.
Fresh, Durability and Mechanical Behavior of Self Consolidating Concrete Incorporating Fly Ash and Admixture under Hot Weather
Authors: Al Martini Samer , Sabouni Reem , El-Sheikh Abdel Rahman Magdy
Published: November 2021

The self-consolidating concrete (SCC) become the material of choice by concrete industry due to its superior properties. However, these properties need to be verified under hot weather conditions. The paper investigates the behavior of SCC under hot weather. Six SCC mixtures were prepared under high temperatures. The SCC mixtures incorporated polycarboxylate admixture at different dosages and prolonged mixed for up to 2 hours at 30 °C and 40 °C. The cement paste was replaced with 20% of fly ash (FA). The fresh properties were investigated using slump flow, T50, and VSI tests. The compressive strength was measured at 3, 7, and 28 days. The durability of SCC mixtures was evaluated by conducting rapid chloride penetration and water absorption tests.
Effects of W Addition on Microstructure and 650 °C Mechanical Properties of Ti-Al-Sn-Zr-Mo-Nb-W-Si Alloy
Authors: Zhang Wen Jing , Xie Hao Feng , Peng Li Jun , Yang Zhen , Huang Guo Jie , Feng Xue
Published: November 2021

The influence of W addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-Al-Sn-Zr-Mo-Nb-W-Si high temperature titanium alloys are investigated by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), tensile tests and large stress endurance tests at 650 °C. The results show that W is mainly solubilized in β phase. Microstructure observations indicate an obvious reduction in the size of transformed β structure (βt), primary α phase (αp) and the thickness of secondary lamellar α phase (αL), with the increase of W content. It is also observed that adding more W could improve the elongation, tensile strength and large stress rupture properties at 650 °C. However, combined with previous research, adding more β stabilizing elements could refine the size of each phase, which will be detrimental to the high temperature yield strength of the alloy. Therefore, in order to reasonably utilize the strengthening effect of W and make the alloy have high yield strength and tensile strength at 650 °C, its content should be controlled between 1 ~ 2 wt%
Effect of Pre-Aging on Properties of CuCrSn Alloy during Rolling and Aging
Authors: Li Jia Zhi , Ding Hua , Gao Wei Lin
Published: November 2021

The effect of pre-aging on properties of Cu0.24Cr0.20Sn alloy before rolling and aging was studied in details. The results displayed the pre-aging was useful to improve the microhardness and conductivity of Cu0.24Cr0.20Sn alloy before cold rolling and aging, and the effect increased with the extension of pre-aging time. The microhardness and electrical conductivity of Cu0.24Cr0.20Sn alloy by first pre-aging at 400 °C for 2 h, second 85% rolling and then aging at 300 °C for 1 h can reach 189 HV and 85.4 %IACS, respectively. The TEM results indicated the density of precipitates increased with the increase of pre-aging time, and the interaction between precipitates and dislocations was gradually strengthened in the subsequent room-temperature rolling. The increase caused by pre-aging treatment before rolling and aging was mainly due to dislocation density strengthening.
Effects of Stabilizing Heat Treatment on Properties of Simulated Microstructures in the Heat-Affected Zone of 347H Stainless Steel
Authors: Chang Liang , Zhang Xue Tao , Xie Xiao Yuan , Li Jing Miao , Dai Qiang , Jin Dong
Published: November 2021

In this paper, two kinds of heat affected zone (HAZ) simulation structures of 347H stainless steel, which are coarse grain zone (CGZ) and unmixed zone (UZ), were prepared by thermal simulator. The material properties of toughness, reheat crack susceptibility and intergranular corrosion susceptibility of the two kinds of HAZ simulation structures were studied by impact test, high temperature tensile test, electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR) test and micro morphology test. The result shows that CGHAZ had better toughness. But after the stabilizing heat treatment, it was weakened while that of the UZ was enhanced. The reheat crack susceptibility of the CGZ and UZ both increases after stabilization heat treatment, and the tendency of the UZ are more obvious. Stabilizing heat treatment has a certain effect on the prevention of sensitization process, which can improve the intergranular corrosion resistance of the material. Stabilizing heat treatment is double-edged to 347H HAZ, and it needs combined with the specific situation to used.
Effect of Tempering Temperature on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Plastic Mould Steel S136 SUP
Authors: Sun Kang Bin , Cai Yu Jun , Wu Zheng Huan , Du Jin , Qiu Hua Xing
Published: November 2021

Since the 21st century, the development of automotive and home appliance industries has greatly contributed to the prosperity of the plastics industry, which has led to an increasing demand for molding molds. In the production process, the molds will be impacted, worn and corroded, especially in the production of plastic products made of PVC, fluoroplastics and flame retardant ABS, etc. The molds will be corroded by the corrosive gases generated such as hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride and sulfur dioxide, which requires plastic molds to have a certain degree of corrosion resistance while ensuring strong toughness.S136 SUP is a modified martensitic stainless steel based on S136 from ASSAB, Sweden, which has fine-tuned the content ratio of some elements to ensure a certain strength and high toughness at the same time. The chemical composition, heat treatment and microstructure of the steel have a certain influence on its corrosion resistance, and the tempering temperature of the heat treatment has a greater influence on the corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steel. Therefore, in this paper, the microstructure and corrosion resistance of S136 SUP at different tempering temperatures are explored and studied.
Prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria associated with foods and drinks in Nigeria (2015-2020): A systematic review
Authors: Mola Iyanuoluwa , Onibokun Adeola , Oranusi Solomon
Published: November 2021

Foods are essential vehicles in human exposure to antibiotic resistant bacteria which serve as reservoirs for resistance genes and a rising food safety concern. Antimicrobial resistance, including multidrug resistance (MDR), is an increasing problem globally and poses a serious concern to human health. This study was designed to synthesize data regarding the prevalence of MDR bacteria associated with foods and drinks sold within Nigeria in order to contribute to the existing findings in this area. A comprehensive literature search on the prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria associated with foods and drinks in Nigeria from 2015 to 2020 was conducted using three databases; PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus. After screening and selection, 26 out of 82 articles were used for the qualitative data synthesis. Of the total of one thousand three hundred and twenty-six MDR bacteria reportedly isolated in all twenty-six articles, the highest prevalence (660) was observed in drinks, including water, while the lowest (20) was observed in the article which combined results for both protein and vegetable-based foods. Escherichia sp. had the most frequency of occurrence, appearing as MDR bacteria in ten out of the twenty-six articles. Salmonella sp. appeared as MDR in seven out of the twenty-six articles included in this study, in all seven articles where it was reported, it had the highest percentage (85.4%) prevalence as MDR bacteria. Public health personnel need to ensure critical control during the production and handling of foods and drinks, as well as create more awareness on proper hygienic practices to combat the spread of MDR bacteria.
Subadditivity of Kodaira dimension does not hold in positive characteristic
Authors: Cascini Paolo , Ejiri Sho , Kollár János , Zhang Lei
Published: November 2021

Over any algebraically closed field of positive characteristic, we construct examples of fibrations violating subadditivity of Kodaira dimension.
Fundamental Code of Natural Laws in Ifá́ ́́ Divination as Agents of Morality for Good Governance in Nigeria
Authors: Ọlále ỵ́ e Samuel Káyo ̩̀ de
Published: November 2021

Ifá is the natural wisdom and knowledge concerning all life activities divinely revealed to Ọ́ rúnmìlà by Olódùmarè, God in Yorùbá belief. It is the living foundation and custodian of the deity, moral, economic, language, religion, healing arts, tradition, culture and metaphysical orders. However, the concern of this paper is on the moral contents of the natural laws in Ifá corpus. Basically, there are two fundamental codes of natural laws in Ifá divination under which all other laws in Ifá exist. The first law enjoined every human being to acknowledge Olódùmarè as the Supreme Being and father of the universe who created all things. While the second law says “do unto others what you want them do unto you.” However, it is quite unfortunate that, today, these laws that linked human
relationships with the Supreme Being and the dos and don’ts of the divinities and those that hold the society together in harmonious relationships are no longer in proper use. This is evident in the lack of fear for the Creator, mismanagement of public funds, embezzlement and political killings, to mention a few. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to examine the natural laws in Ifá and suggest how it can help sustain our fragile democracy as it did in the traditional society in the past for the sake of our future. The paper is premised on Matthew Flanagan’s theory of divine commands which asserts that what is moral is determined by what God commands, and to be
moral is to follow his commands.
Economía naranja y habilidades digitales
Authors: Zanella-Martínez Leonardo Mauricio , Macías-Ugalde Lexandra Tatiana , Chiriboga-Mendoza Fidel Ricardo
Published: November 2021

En la actualidad, el sistema económico global de carácter lineal se encuentra opacado por otros tipos de sistemas de producción de recursos, mismos que se basan en iniciativas sostenibles promotoras del desarrollo, sistemas tales como la economía naranja mejor conocida como economía creativa, enfocada en la utilización de la cultura y la creatividad como una fuente infinita de recursos. Recientemente Esta iniciativa ha sido considerada idónea y óptima para ser aplicada en el contexto latinoamericano, dado el fructífero éxito que ha obtenido en los países de Europa que la han adoptado, por lo que se considera un sistema económico promotor de la innovación.

Palabras claves: economía, sistema económico global, innovación.
Software Development of Word Search Game on Smart Phones in English Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Sukstrienwong Anon , Vongsumedh Patravadee
Published: November 2021

At present, mobile devices are a medium of learning in school that is enjoyable with educational content. They are becoming as a part of daily life with new software games, which are considered as entertainment. As we all know, a word search game has been implemented on mobile devices for decades. It facilitates English vocabulary acquisition of students. The word search game on mobile devices allows education to be delivered in a more flexible way, anytime and anywhere at the students’ own place. To this paper, a survey is conducted to target Thai students at Bangkok University, Thailand. Therefore the word search game on smart phones embedded with the English dictionary, which helps Thai students to memorize the words is developed. Additionally, the process in developing the word search game on smart phones has been presented. It is expected that our research findings in English learning on mobile devices for Thai students will be further shared in the future.
Artificial Intelligence Based Machine Learning Approach in High Energy Physics
Authors: YALÇIN KUZU Serpil
Published: November 2021

In high energy physics experiments data quality plays a significant role for particle identification. Methods used in particle analysis are mainly based on high level knowledge and complex computation skills of human experts and require long time for data quality assurance. Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in various fields are getting important to improve the speed, accuracy and efficiency of human efforts. For this purpose, artificial intelligence-based machine learning approach can be used in particle physics analysis. Dielectrons (e-e+) are electromagnetic probes that provide information about evolution of the medium formed in high energy collisions due to lack of final state interactions. A high purity sample of e-e+ pairs can be obtained by traditional cut-based methods resulting in low efficiency. In this contribution, application of machine learning approaches in dielectron analysis is discussed.
Una aproximación a la formación de la propiedad urbana eclesiástica en la Sevilla bajomedieval
Authors: Collantes de Terán Sánchez Antonio
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo analiza las fórmulas predominantes para la formación de la propiedad inmobiliaria eclesiástica en Sevilla entre los siglos xiii y xv, a partir de los datos de instituciones, como la Catedral, la colegial del Salvador, conventos y hospitales. En la citada formación tuvieron un papel importante las donaciones, pero en algunos casos predominaron las compras o las transmisiones hereditarias. En el caso de las donaciones, se analiza la procedencia social de los donantes.
Raised Childhood Obesity and Its Consequences: Alarming Worldwide for Primordial Prevention
Authors: Gowda Jyothi L , V Veena , L Shwetha B
Published: November 2021

Childhood Obesity is defined as excess or abnormal increase of fat accumulation in the body. Early, developed countries were facing this childhood obesity but now it has moved to developing countries. According to World Health Organization (WHO), 39 million children under the age of 5 are obese and overweight in 2020 and 340 million adolescents and children aged between 5-19 were obese and overweight in 2016. According to Center for Disease Control, prevalence of obesity in United States was 19.3% and affected about 14.4 million adolescents and children in 2018. Moreover, in the adult population morbidity and mortality is increased in individuals who were overweight in adolescence, even if they lose the extra weight during adulthood. Diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, gastro intestinal disturbance, respiratory problems, orthopedic disorders once considered as adult problems now has become major health issue in children’s. Timely action must be initiated to combat the rising epidemic of childhood obesity and its consequences. However, by periodic surveillance on nutrition and childhood obesity in community, using various strategies at home and providing needy based intervention by schools care services, formulating and implementing structured policies will reduce the impact of childhood obesity worldwide.
Relationship between Organizational Change and Employee Motivation, Employee Satisfaction and Employee Commitment: A Study with Special Reference to ABC Shared Service Center in Sri Lanka
Authors: L. K. B. M. Jayasekara , L. K. B. M. Jayasekara
Published: November 2021

Organizations are ever-changing and dynamic entities at today’s turbulent world of work. Organization change, which may or may not adhere to organizational development (OD) values and, in many cases, is not conducted through participatory methods. For the most part, downsizing via lowering costs and retrenching people has become synonymous with organizational change, causing fear among those who may be affected. Organizations are under increasing pressure to improve their abilities to increase employee support for change initiatives. Employees are critical to an organization’s efficiency and performance. Thus, it is crucial to look at change through the eyes of employees. If employees believe that the organizational change is not well conveyed to them, their motivation, satisfaction, and commitment is likely to be impaired, which could be counterproductive to the change process of the organization. As a result, it is important to figure out how the relationship between organizational change and employee motivation, satisfaction, and commitment, which is the purpose of this study. Since there is limited research on this phenomenon in the Sri Lankan context, this study aims to bridge the knowledge gap in the existing literature. To achieve the study’s objectives, a quantitative investigation was undertaken using positivist philosophy and the deductive approach. As a data collection approach, the survey questionnaire method was used. This study has a total sample size of thirty (whole employees of the selected organization). Survey data was analyzed using correlation analysis and descriptive analysis. Results clearly show that there is a significant positive relationship between organizational change and employee motivation, employee satisfaction and commitment in the ABC Shared Service Center in Sri Lanka. Further, the study reveals that employee satisfaction is the highest corelated dimension with the organizational change. Thus, the study conclude that organizationa
Analisis Pola Kalimat Pada Rubrik Olahraga Kompas.com Bulan Maret 2021
Authors: Agustina Anissa , Mutia Ayu , Khusna Fatimah , Ikrimah Nazilatul , Utomo Asep Purwo Yudi
Published: November 2021

Penelitian yang berjudul Analisis Pola Kalimat pada Rubrik Olahraga Kompas.com Bulan Maret 2021 bertujuan mendeskripsikan struktur sintaksis dan pola kalimat yang terdapat pada rubrik olahraga yang disajikan dalam berita online kompas.com edisi Maret 2021. Kajian yang dilihat dari struktur sintaksis adalah pola kalimat berdasarkan kategori, fungsi, dan peran sintaksis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan struktur sintaksis dan menganalisis pola kalimat dasar Bahasa Indonesia. Analisis ini memakai metode kualitatif dan data sekunder seperti buku atau referensi. Dalam menganalisis data, peneliti menggunakan metode pengumpulan data simak yang diterapkan melalui teknik baca dan catat, serta menganalisis dengan menggunakan metode Agih. Terdapat beberapa tahapan dalam analisis pola kalimat ini yaitu tahapan membaca berita online, pencatatan pada data yang sesuai teori, mengidentifikasi, menganalisis, merumuskan, dan menyajikan data. Peneliti menganalisis delapan berita olahraga online pada kompas.com edisi Maret 2021. Analisis data penelitian ini menunjukkan struktur sintaksis pada kumpulan berita olahraga kompas.com yang meliputi pola kalimat berdasarkan fungsi, kategori, dan peran sintaksis.
Maksud Kata Makian Pada Media Sosial Twitter (Kajian Pragmatik)
Authors: Winata Putri Dina Amanda , Yudi Utomo Asep Purwo
Published: November 2021

Kemajuan teknologi saat ini mempengaruhi masyarakat diamana sekarang ini masyarakat lebih senang menggunakan media social terutama twitter. Pada twitter sendiri para remaja ini cenderung menggunakan kata makian untuk mengutarakan apa yang mereka rasakan saat ini. Kata makian biasanya memiliki arti cenderung kasar, hal ini sangat berbeda dengan twitter. Pada penelitian ini akan membahas maksud dari kata makian pada media sosial twitter dengan rumusan masalah peneliatan seagai berikut  1) Bagaimanakah maksud dari kata makian pada media sosial twitter 2) Bagaimakah konteks yang terjadi 3) Termasuk tindak tutur apa. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan dua metode yaitu secara teoretis dan metodelogis. Berdasarkan penelitian disimpulkan bahwa terdapat reffren pada kata makian yang terjadi selain itu terdapat juga tindak tutur lokusi dan ilokusi. Sedangkan fungi kata makian sendiri yaitu fungsi makian yang menunjukan kemarahan, fungsi makian menunjukan ketakutan, fungsi makian menunjukan humor.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mengapresiasi Unsur Teks Cerita Fantasi Dengan Metode Numbered Head Together (NHT) Pada Kelas VII A SMP Raj Yamuna Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018
Authors: Dwi Lestari Ririn , Murni Ni Wayan , Suar Adnyana I Ketut
Published: November 2021

Apresiasi dapat dilakukan dengan membaca cerita fantasi dan merangkum berdasarkan unsur yang terdapat dalam teks cerita fantasi. Unsur cerita dibagi menjadi dua yaitu unsur intrinsik dan unsur ekstrinsik. Oleh karena itu penelitian tentang “Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mengapresiasi Unsur Teks Cerita Fantasi dengan Metode Numbered Head Together (NHT) pada kelas VII SMP Raj Yamuna tahun pelajaran 2017/2018”. Penelitian ini menjadi pertimbangan dalam meningkatan kemampuan peserta didik dalam mengapresiasi teks cerita fantasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena kurangnya minat siswa dalam mengapresiasi cerita. Dalam penelitian ini permasalahannya adalah metode NHT dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dan respon siswa setelah menggunakan metode NHT. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori teks cerita fantasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode observasi dan metode dokumentasi. Metode observasi dilakukan dengan cara mengamati secara langsung proses pembelajaran. Sedangkan metode dokumentasi sebagai bahan pendukung. Teknik yang digunakan adalah teknik kuesioner yang berfungsi sebagai penilaian respon dalam proses pembelajaran. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan dalam penerapan metode NHT pada saat proses pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Penerapan metode NHT dapat dijadikan alternatif dalam mengatasi kejenuhan peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran. Dengan metode NHT peserta didik dapat berkomunikasi dan saling bekerja sama dengan teman lainnya.
PERBEDAAN DATA ENGINEER, DATA SCIENTIST DAN DATA ANALYST
Authors: Setiawan Ismail
Published: November 2021

Seseorang yang ahli dalam keterampilan analisis data hanyalah keterampilan dasar seorang insinyur data. Keahlian statistik digunakan untuk memproses data baca dan tag, serta untuk mengkategorikan data. Karena erat kaitannya dengan pemodelan yang dibuat untuk menguji algoritma pada level data scientist. Model yang dibuat pada fase data scientist digunakan sebagai alat dalam fase business intelligence. Pada tahap akhir ini, eksekusi yang akan dilakukan harus memberikan dampak positif dan keuntungan yang besar bagi sebuah instansi.
THE IMPACT OF FORMAL MATERNAL EDUCATION ON CHILD SURVIVAL IN GHANA
Authors: Laari Samuel , Takahashi Shingo
Published: November 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigated the impact of formal maternal education on child survival in Ghana using a probit model.

Methodology:This study used data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey for the period of 1993 to 2008. It is nationally representative sample including urban and rural areas in the 10 regions of Ghana. It looks at trends in demographic and health indicators and is conducted every five years (GSS, 2009). .

Findings: Mothers’ education had a positive and significant effect on child survival. In 2003 the probability of a child surviving up to age five increased by 15.4 percentage points for one year increase in mothers’ education, using control variables and 8.9 percentage points for a year increase in mothers’ education, after including socio-economic and reproductive factors of women, which revealed the true partial effect of maternal education.

Unique contributions to theory practice and policy: It was observed that socio-economic and reproductive factors of women had an impact as well, hence policy makers should act to improve on these factors in order to complement the effect of formal maternal education to promote child survival in Ghana.
First report of the cuckoo wasp Chrysidea falsa (Hymenoptera) from India
Authors: Aswathi P.G. , Bijoy C.
Published: November 2021

Only two species of Chrysidea Bischoff, 1913 have been reported from India: C. furiosa (Cameron, 1897) from West Bengal and C. pumila (Klug, 1845) from Maharashtra. Here, we report the first record of a third species, C. falsa Rosa & Xu, 2015 from India, previously recorded only from China, Malaysia, and the Philippines, and thereby extending the known range of this species. We randomly collected chrysidids from Kasaragod and Calicut Districts in Kerala, which lies in the south-western part of India. Six specimens of C. falsa were collected using sweep nets. Five of them were from two sacred groves in Kasaragod District, Edayilakkad Kavu and Koyithatta Sree Dharma Shastha Kavu. One specimen was collected at Vadakara, Calicut District. The specimens from Kasaragod and Vadakara were found in small rock crevices and on the brick walls of an old abandoned house respectively.
Chromatic leucism in the flap shell turtle, Lissemys punctata from Bangladesh
Authors: Rabbe M.F. , Alam M.M. , Jaman M.F. , Hossain M.S. , Sarafat K.N.M. , Shome A.R.
Published: November 2021

The spotted flap shell turtle, Lissemys punctata (Bonnaterre, 1789) has a distribution in Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan. In Bangladesh, this species is widely distributed throughout the freshwater wetlands and the low-lying floodplains, coastal islands, and hill districts. This species is listed in CITES (Appendix II) and protected by Bangladesh Wildlife Conservation & Security Act 2012 (Schedule II), where commercial trade is strictly prohibited. Lissemys punctata has an oval and domed carapace with olive-green colour spotted by dark yellow blotches. The head is also olive green often with yellow blotches, whereas the plastron is whitish or pale yellow. The colour of this species may vary depending on its habitat and defence strategy. Colour aberration in animals may occur due to a lack of melanin. Golden yellow colour aberration (chromatic leucism) is rare in animals, especially in turtles. This might be because of the absence of melanin in the outer dermis. The presence of high xanthophores and yellow pteridine pigments in the skin are also responsible for the golden yellow colour aberration.
LETTER TO EDITOR: A response to Narayanan et al. (2021) “On the validity of the recently described bush frog Raorchestes kollimalai Gowande, Ganesh & Mirza, 2020” published in Zootaxa
Authors: Mirza Zeeshan A. , Gowande Gaurang
Published: November 2021

Narayanan et al. (2021) make extremely grave allegations of ‘misrepresentation of data’ by Gowande et al. (2020). Narayanan et al. (2021) found serious flaws in the publication dealing with the description of Raorchestes kollimalai by Gowande, Ganesh & Mirza (2020). The authors state that Gowande et al. (2020) overlooked many errors, which consequently raises questions on the validity of R. kollimalai. We here respond to their comments, dispel their false allegations of misrepresentation of data and provide evidence for the validity of Raorchestes kollimalai. A common practice while writing a response/critique of a published paper is to contact the editor of the journal in which the paper was published, which, in this case, is TAPROBANICA. However, Narayanan et al. (2021) chose to publish their critique in a different journal, ZOOTAXA and thus, were unaware of the erratum to the paper on the new species. The erratum that was published in a recent issue of Taprobanica (Gowande et al. 2021) resolves some of the concerns raised by Narayanan et al. (2021). These concerns were a mistake on the part of Gowande et al. (2020) but by no means did the authors intend to hide or misrepresent data as accused by Narayanan et al. (2021).
An Assessment of the Application of Bernoulli’s Theorem in the Generation of Lift Force
Authors: Shah Garv , Singhal Aman , Apte Raadnya , Dupetawalla Rushaad
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we will be performing a detailed analysis of the application of Bernoulli’s Theorem in aviation and aerodynamics. The aim of our experiment and consequently this paper is to verify the application of Bernoulli’s Theorem in the aviation industry. In the field of aerodynamics, Bernoulli’s Theorem has been specifically used in shaping the wings of an aircraft.

Over the years, however there has been a significant controversy in the aviation industry regarding the generation of lift force, especially the applicability of Newton’s Third Law of Motion along with Bernoulli’s Theorem. The controversy seems to be due to a combined effect of Newton’s and Bernoulli’s theorems’ (e.g. ‘Equal Transit Time Theory’), which may be incorrectly applied in the real world. Further, it seems that people are over-simplifying the problem of aerodynamic lift leading to the dismissal of either one of the theorems, when in reality both the theorems seem to be at play, as explained in this paper. For the generation of lift in air, momentum, mass and energy need to be conserved. Newton’s laws take into account the conservation of momentum, whereas Bernoulli’s Theorem considers the conservation of energy. Hence, they are both relevant for the generation of lift in air. However, no one has been able to determine accurately the working of both these theorems in the process of providing lift to an aircraft. Through this research paper, we have been able to prove the effect of Bernoulli’s Theorem in generating lift in air.
SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT EM ENFERMEIROS ATUANTES EM UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA
Authors: Rinco de Oliveira Giovanna , Brasileiro Marislei Espíndula
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: identificar as possíveis consequências da síndrome de burnout nos enfermeiros atuantes na unidade de terapia intensiva. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura. Para levantamento dos artigos foi realizado busca online na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), usando os seguintes descritores de saúde (Decs): esgotamento profissional, enfermeiro e UTI.  Resultados: O ritmo apressado das transformações sociais, organizacionais e jurídicas tem influenciado no processo de saúde/ adoecimento do trabalhador. Entre as profissões que mais têm desenvolvido a síndrome do Burnout encontra-se a Enfermagem. Esse episódio relaciona-se ao intenso trabalho em turnos, à carência de reconhecimento profissional, às relações de trabalho e ao lidar constantemente com a sensação de impotência frente à morte. Para os profissionais que trabalham nas unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI) esta condição se agrava, pois estão mais expostos as condições dolorosas como a morte e o contato consecutivo com pacientes em estado grave ou terminal. Considerações finais: O trabalho não deve ser um fardo pesado, mas uma atividade que proporcione satisfação e realização pessoal, portanto para se prevenir a Síndrome de Burnout devem-se adotar ações que valorize o profissional e lhe permita expressar a sua opinião sobre o ambiente de trabalho em que ele está inserido.
CONVERSÃO METABÓLICA VERDE DE MILHOCINA E MANIPUEIRA NA PRODUÇÃO DE QUITOSANA COM ELEVADO GRAU DE DESACETILAÇÃO
Authors: Silva Ákylla Fernanda Souza , Souza Adriana Ferreira De , Pinheiro Irapuan Oliveira , Takaki Galba Maria De Campos
Published: November 2021

Introdução: O uso de resíduos agroindustriais em processos fermentativos tem despertado grande interesse no âmbito da sustentabilidade ambiental e econômica, por se tratar de fontes naturais e renováveis com grande potencial biotecnológico praticamente inexplorado, sendo descartados na maioria das vezes. Diversos estudos têm discutido as inúmeras vantagens do uso desses resíduos como substrato alternativo para produção de biomassa empregada em bioprocessos. Objetivo: O presente estudo apresenta um método que utiliza uma conversão metabólica verde de dois resíduos agroindustrais, milhocina e manipueira, na produção de quitosana, um biopolímero de alta massa molecular e grande aplicabilidade biotecnológica. Material e métodos: Um Planejamento Fatorial completo 22 foi desenhado para avaliar os principais efeitos e interações das variáveis independentes, milhocina (licor de maceração de milho) e manipueira (água residual da prensa da mandioca), no rendimento de biomassa e quitosana, como variáveis respostas, produzidas pela espécie Cunninghamella elegans (UCP 1306). Também foi realizada a análise das alterações morfológicas observadas na espécie cultivada em cada ensaio do Planejamento Fatorial, e a quitosana obtida foi analisada em Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FT-IR). Resultados: O maior rendimento de biomassa (6,375 g/L) e quitosana (101,7 mg/g) foi alcançado no meio composto de milhocina 4% e manipueira 4%, no qual C. elegans (UCP 1306) apresentou predominância de hifas frouxas e ramificadas com presença de septações e formou pellets de 0,4 a 0,5 mm e clumps de até 0,1 mm. Na análise estatística, a maior concentração de milhocina contribuiu significativamente para o crescimento da espécie (p=0,00124). As bandas da FT-IR confirmaram o grau de desacetilação de 84,61% da quitosana produzida por C. elegans (UCP 1306). Conclusão: Os dados experimentais sugerem que o uso de milhocina e manipueira como fontes sustentáveis de carbono e nitrogênio é uma associação promissora para a produção de quitosana com elevado grau de desacetilação.
METABÓLITOS SECUNDÁRIOS E OUTRAS MOLÉCULAS CONTAMINANTES EM AMOSTRA DE DNA VEGETAL
Authors: Vianna Gabriela , Burin Marceli Raquel , Diel Vanessa Backes Nascimento
Published: November 2021

Introdução: Produtos do metabolismo secundário, proteínas ou polissacarídeos interagem com a molécula de DNA, contaminando-a, e comprometendo o resultado das técnicas moleculares como a PCR e a identificação de marcadores moleculares. Por este motivo, protocolos de extração de DNA vegetal são frequentemente modificados, visando a adaptação às exigências da planta e a obtenção de uma amostra de boa qualidade. Objetivos: Identificar a influência de metabólitos secundários no processo de extração do DNA e verificar formas eficazes de purificação da amostra contaminada. Material e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica realizada na plataforma do Google Acadêmico entre os anos de 2017 a 2021, utilizando as palavras-chave: “Contaminantes DNA vegetal”, “Substâncias secundárias” e "Purificação de amostras contaminadas" Resultados: Os polissacarídeos podem inibir o processo de PCR, inviabilizando análises moleculares já os compostos fenólicos e outras substâncias secundárias podem oxidar e ligar-se ao material genético diminuindo sua integridade. Alguns estudos indicam que os compostos secundários são mais abundantes em folhas adultas, por estas estarem a mais tempo expostas ao meio e ao herbivorismo. Porém, a também foi encontrado que plantas jovens possuem maior quantidade de metabólitos secundários do que plantas maduras. atores externos como a sazonalidade e fragmentação do habitat influenciam sobre os produtos alternativos gerados por elas, isso devido as consequências que o efeito de borda e os impactos ecológicos causados acarretam às plantas. Dentre as substâncias mais empregadas em protocolo de extração com a finalidade de purificar a amostra estão: as enzimas proteinase K que eliminam resíduos de proteínas, a RNAse que age sobre o RNA, o composto β-mercaptoetanol e o polímero PVP (polivinilpirrolidona), aplicados juntamente com os tampões para a eliminação de fenóis e polissacarídeos, e o clorofórmio e o álcool isoamílico usados para a eliminação de proteínas. Conclusão: É importante observar as condições do ambiente do qual se obtém a amostra vegetal, os aspectos físicos da planta e realizar o protocolo de extração com o intuito de eliminar ao máximos substâncias que possam interferir na obtenção de amostras de DNA de boa qualidade, dessa forma estudos moleculares podem ser realizados com eficiência.
POTENCIAL DE ESTABELECIMENTO DE PLANTIO PARA EXTRAÇÃO E MANUFATURA DE ÓLEOS VEGETAIS DE ESPÉCIES NATIVAS NO NORTE PIAUIENSE
Authors: Carvalho Braulio Fernandes de , Barreto Gustavo Nogueira
Published: November 2021

Introdução: Murici dos Portelas, no estado do Piauí, encontra-se na Mata dos Cocais, área de transição entre Cerrado, Caatinga e Amazônia, bioma rico em espécies vegetais produtoras de óleos, incluindo a maior concentração de palmeiras (Aracaceae) oleaginosas do mundo. O plantio de espécies nativas para a produção de óleos poderia enriquecer interações ecológicas locais, por fornecer alimentos para a fauna, bem como gerar atividades econômicas sustentáveis, associadas a outros serviços e produtos, fornecendo alternativas à destruição de habitats tropicais relacionada ao monocultivo de Palma (Elaeis guineensis). Objetivos: Propor projeto de plantio com espécies botânicas produtoras de óleos, associado a uma cadeia produtiva local, com foco na obtenção de óleos vegetais e desenvolvimento de produtos com valor agregado. Material e métodos: Fez-se estudo bibliográfico para identificar vegetação arbustiva e arbórea com potencial de estabelecimento em propriedade rural, que também serviria como base de cadeia produtiva, no município de Murici dos Portelas-PI. Levou-se em consideração que parte da propriedade rural, localizada em 3°15’46.96’’S, 41°57’04.25’’O) será destinada a criação de Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural, onde somente é permitido ecoturismo, pesquisa científica e educação ambiental, e o restante da área terá uso direto dos recursos naturais. Resultados: As plantas produtoras de óleos com potencial para estabelecimento no local foram Andiroba (Capara sp.), Babaçu (Orbignya martiana), Baru (Dipteryx alata), Carnaúba (Copernicia prunifera), Coco-babão (Syagrus cearensis), Copaíba (Copaifera sp.), Licuri (Syagrus coronata), Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata), Mamona (Ricinus communis), Oiticica (Licania rigida), Pindoba (Attalea sp.), Sucupira (Bowdichia sp.) e Tucunzeiro (Bactris setosa). Conclusão: São várias as espécies vegetais adequadas ao projeto. Entretanto, a capacidade de produção de cada óleo, propriedades químicas e valor comercial varia de acordo com a espécie e as condições ambientais locais. As aplicações desses óleos incluem produção de cosméticos, alimentos, medicamentos, fitoterápicos, produtos de limpeza, lubrificantes e biocombustíveis. Evidencia-se que muitas dessas espécies não são domesticadas e fazem-se necessárias mais pesquisas para o entendimento da biologia e melhoramento genético dessas culturas.
AVALIAÇÃO DA CAPACIDADE DA MORINGA OLEIFERA LAMARCK NA PURIFICAÇÃO DE ÁGUA CONTAMINADA POR MICRORGANISMOS PATOGÊNICOS
Authors: Ribeiro Iasmim Cristine da Silva
Published: November 2021

Introdução: Moringa Oleifera Lamarck é uma espécie altamente utilizada com finalidade medicinal, ornamental e industrial, porém além destas, possui eficácia no tratamento de água contaminada. Suas sementes possuem propriedade coagulante natural (floculante), possibilitando que elas promovam a descontaminação da água através da sedimentação. Já existem técnicas que utilizam o princípio da sedimentação para o tratamento de águas contaminadas, entretanto, elas possuem alto custo quando comparadas com o método em questão. Sendo assim, a utilização da semente da Moringa é uma opção viável e com um custo benefício interessante para aqueles que buscam essa finalidade. Objetivo: Revisar dados referentes a efetividade das sementes de Moringa Oleifera Lamarck no tratamento de amostras de água contaminada por bactérias com potencial patogênico, sendo elas a Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Staphylococcus aureus. Metodologia: Foram realizadas buscas utilizando os descritores , , , nas bases científicas Science Direct e PubMed com o auxílio dos operadores booleanos “AND” e “OR”. Foram então selecionados 4 artigos para revisão, após exclusão daqueles que não possuíam relevância para o estudo. Resultados: Após a avaliação das informações contidas nos artigos selecionados, evidenciou-se que a farinha provinda das sementes de Moringa oleifera Lamarck, possui propriedade potencial contra microrganismos patógenos presentes em águas contaminadas. Os procedimentos evidenciaram a diminuição da carga bacteriana dos patógenos nas amostras utilizadas, após a adição da farinha. Pois após a contagem das UFC (Unidades Formadoras de Colônia), observou-se que todas as amostras semeadas após 24 horas do início da sedimentação da mistura, apresentaram redução significativa do crescimento bacteriano, podendo ser observado uma diminuição significativa do número de UFC. Conclusão: A farinha das sementes de Moringa Oleifera apresentou potencial substancial na redução da carga bacteriana das cepas utilizadas no estudo, evidenciando assim sua propriedade na purificação de água contaminada.
CONHECIMENTO E USO DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS PELA COMUNIDADE DE RIO MANSO – MG
Authors: Sousa Maria Luiza Teixeira de , Campos Maria Eduarda De Almeida , Duarte Júlia Marques Fernandes
Published: November 2021

Introdução: Esta pesquisa foi elaborada tendo como foco o conhecimento e uso das plantas medicinais e, como objeto de estudo o município de Rio Manso – MG. Esse tipo de estudo é importante para a conservação do conhecimento etnobotânico e divulgar os fins terapêuticos das plantas usadas. Objetivos: Realizou-se um levantamento sobre o uso e conhecimento das plantas medicinais pela população, para registrar qual a porcentagem de moradores que utiliza este tratamento, identificar as espécies e famílias mais utilizadas pelos habitantes e conhecer os seus principais fins terapêuticos. Material e Métodos: O estudo foi realizado em Rio Manso, localizada na região metropolitana de BH. Área de écotono Cerrado/Mata Atlântica, fitofisionomia predominante Mata Atlântica. Esta pesquisa trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo, por meio da análise de dados qualitativos e quantitativos. Foi aplicado um questionário online, do tipo semi-estruturado, com divulgação virtual para os moradores, que participaram, espontaneamente, do estudo. O questionário foi aplicado em Set/2020, por 15 dias. Foram obtidas respostas de 511 moradores, que representa 8,69% da população, considerando-se que a amostragem foi representativa. Resultados: dos entrevistados, 81% afirmaram fazer uso habitual de plantas medicinais, enquanto 19% alegaram não serem adeptos. As idades dos entrevistados que utilizam plantas medicinais variaram entre 20 e 89 anos. A faixa etária mais registrada foi entre 20 e 29 anos, conforme a idade aumentava, menores eram os números de respostas obtidas, tendo em vista que o questionário foi aplicado de maneira unicamente virtual. As plantas citadas foram distribuídas em 94 espécies, pertencentes a 40 famílias botânicas e 3 morfoespécies não foram identificadas, as mais citadas foram Lamiaceae e Asteraceae. Os fins terapêuticos que mais citados são: combater diversos tipos de inflamações, sintomas gripais, diminuir a ansiedade e a tensão. Conclusão: conclui-se que existe a necessidade de um estudo complementar sobre as espécies, com pesquisas in loco e exemplares para construção de exsicatas, a fim de confirmar a identificação taxonômica das plantas. Para que a amostra da população que usa plantas medicinais seja mais fidedigna e alcance diferentes faixas etárias de forma homogênea, é necessária a realização de entrevistas presenciais em contato direto com a comunidade.
O CONTROLE DE CONSTITUCIONALIDADE NA ITÁLIA
Authors: Zauli Eduardo Meira , Zauli Guilherme Sales Meira
Published: November 2021

Este artigo aborda o tema do controle de constitucionalidade italiano. Procede-se a uma caracterização institucional da Corte Constitucional italiana instituída pela Constituição de 1948; são tratadas as modalidades incidental e concentrada do controle de constitucionalidade na Itália e apontadas as tendências evolutivas do sistema italiano no sentido de uma conjugação de elementos institucionais provenientes dos modelos americano e europeu kelseniano de controle de constitucionalidade.