bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Media Smart Box sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas V pada Materi IPAS Warisan Budaya SDN Sangen 02 Kabupaten Madiun
Authors: Kuni Kiromin Baroroh  , Dwi Nila Andriani  , Rahayu Diningsih
Published: December 2024

The low interest in learning for students is a challenge for a teacher. Starting from monotonous learning without learning media is one of the influences on student learning outcomes. To overcome this problem, researchers apply Smart Box media. The purpose of this study was to improve the learning outcomes of fifth grade students in the Cultural Heritage Science material at SDN Sangen 02 Madiun. The research method used was Classroom Action Research (CAR) as many as 2 cycles with 16 students. The data collection technique used was a test and the data analysis technique used was descriptive quantitative data analysis. The results of this study were that at the pre-cycle stage, the percentage results were 56.25%, the cycle I stage obtained a percentage result of 75%, while the cycle II stage obtained a percentage result of 90%. So it can be concluded that the application of Smart Box media can improve student learning outcomes.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Pancasila melalui Penerapan Media Inovatif Berbasis Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning bagi Siswa Sekolah Dasar Kelas 4
Authors: Elsa Setianing Wahyu  , Novita Erliana Sari  , Fitriana Novarina
Published: December 2024

This research aims to apply innovative media based on Problem Based Learning as one of the efforts to help the learning difficulties of class IV students at SD Negeri Putat 01 Madiun Regency. This type of research is classroom action research (PTK). This research used descriptive quantitative research with 3 meetings, namely Pre-Cycle, Cycle I and Cycle II. This data collection technique is observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research show that learning outcomes increased after implementing innovative media based on Problem Based Learning. In cycle I the average score of students was 72 while in cycle II their average score was 81.There was an increase in student learning outcomes.
Analisis Peyorasi dalam Novel Tuhan Izinkan Aku Menjadi Pelacur Karya Muhidin M. Dahlan
Authors: Katharina Woli Namang  , Ahwa
Published: December 2024

Semantic is the study of meaning. Changes in meaning are included in the study of semantics. These changes are influenced by the development of times caused by several factors. Changes in meaning can also occur in the world of literature, as literature is created using the medium of language. Language is a social creation, and one of the literary works is the novel. The novel Tuhan Izinkan Aku Menjadi Pelacur by Muhidin M. Dahlan is an intriguing work as its story is based on the real-life events of a devout Muslim woman who eventually becomes a prostitute. The aim of this research is to analyze the forms of pejorative meaning changes in the novel Tuhan Izinkan Aku Menjadi Pelacur by Muhidin M. Dahlan. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. The data for this study consists of words taken from quotes in the novel, with the source being the novel Tuhan Izinkan Aku Menjadi Pelacur, published in 2016. The data collection technique employed in this research involves reading and noting by marking words that fall under pejoration, coding them, and recording the data. For the data analysis technique, the study classifies data that includes changes in pejorative meaning, analyzes the data, and draws conclusions. The results of this research found 19 forms of words that have undergone pejorative meaning changes.
Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Hak Merek Perusahaan di Kota Makassar
Authors: Ariadin  , Basri  , Aries Maulana
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the legal protection of corporate trademark rights in Makassar. Several questions that are the focus of this study include: 1) What are the procedures applicable to trademark registration in Makassar? 2) How are sanctions applied to violations of corporate trademark rights there? The approach used is qualitative with a legal method. Data sources include interviews with judges at the Makassar District Court as primary data, and regulations, books, journals, and online articles as secondary data. The data are analyzed qualitatively, with the aim of providing a clear and systematic picture to then be concluded. The results of the study indicate that inaccuracy in trademark examination by the Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights (Dirjen HKI) causes confusion and losses for trademark owners and registrants. In addition, the application of sanctions is more often focused on criminal and civil aspects, although administrative sanctions, such as termination of trademark use, should be enforced more firmly.
Efficacy of Story-Telling Multimedia Package in Developing Selected Functional Words among Children with Hearing Impairment
Authors:   Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, V Akalya , K Sambath Rani ,   Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute
Published: December 2024

This research examined the effectiveness of a storytelling multimedia package in enhancing selected functional vocabulary among children with hearing impairment. A total of nineteen hearingimpaired students, aged between 5 and 15 years, were intentionally chosen from special schools in the Chennai district. A preliminary assessment was carried out before the intervention to determine initial performance levels. The participants then underwent ten weeks of targeted training utilizing storytelling multimedia, followed by a final test assessment. To assess the importance of the differences noted between the initial test and final test scores, a paired t-test was applied. The findings, deemed statistically significant at the 5% level, suggest that the storytelling multimedia package had a beneficial effect on the selected functional words of the students with hearing impairments.
Immediate loading and Hind's technique
Authors: Akyüz Faris , İstanbulluoğlu Saadet Nur , Göncü Başaran Emine
Published: December 2024

Immediate loading aims to rapidly restore the patient’s aesthetics, function, and phonation by placing a temporary prosthesis on dental implants immediately after or shortly following the surgical procedure. The goal of immediate loading with a temporary prosthesis during the same session as tooth extraction is to preserve or enhance both hard and soft tissues. Temporary restorations are a key step in guiding the design of permanent prosthetic restorations. Clinical studies support the successful outcome of immediate implant placement into fresh extraction sockets. This case presentation discusses immediate loading and Hind’s technique in the anterior region. Due to mobility issues, it was deemed appropriate to extract teeth numbered 11, 21, and 22. Immediate implant placement was decided for the 11 and 22 regions. On the same day, prosthetic rehabilitation was provided with a temporary prosthesis on the implants. After three months, the temporary prosthesis was removed, an impression was taken using Hind’s technique to match the shaped emergence profile, and the permanent prosthesis was fabricated. The immediate loading of the implants prevented the patient from experiencing a period of edentulism, facilitated soft tissue healing, and established the emergence profile for the permanent restorations. It was observed that the tissues shaped with Hind’s technique were transferred to the laboratory more accurately, resulting in more precisely fabricated permanent restorations. Immediate implant loading provides more aesthetics, fonetic and predictable treatment. The immediate implant placement protocol not only shortens the overall treatment time and minimizes the number of surgical interventions but also maximizes the utilization of the existing bone to achieve optimal primary stability for the implant.
Rare benign fibroosseous lesion in the mandibular angulus: a case presentation
Authors: Demirezer Kardelen
Published: December 2024

Fibro-osseous lesions are a poorly defined group of processes affecting the jaws and craniofacial bones characterized by the replacement of normal bone with fibrous tissue containing a newly formed mineralized product, and include developmental lesions, reactive or dysplastic lesions and neoplasms. Fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws frequently include fibrous dysplasia, cemento osseous dysplasia and ossifying fibroma. Although the histological appearance and clinical and radiographic features of most of these lesions are similar, they show a wide range of biological behaviours. Therefore, the treatment varies. The case described in this article presents a 50-year-old male patient with a fibroosseous lesion located in the right mandibular angulus. Based on the histologic findings, fibroosseous the lesion was diagnosed. The patient was referred to surgery. No invasive procedure was performed for treatment and regular clinical and radiological follow-up was recommended. Fibroosseous lesions in this region is very rare in the literature. This situation makes the case valuable.
THE INFLUENCE OF SHOPEE PAYLATER DIGITAL PAYMENTS TOWARDS SURABAYA SOCIETY'S CONSUMER BEHAVIOR
Authors: Dika Zaim Adhlan  , Machsun  , Iis Suryani
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the influence of the use of digital payments through Shopee PayLater on the consumer behavior towards Surabaya society. The research method used a quantitative method with a survey approach. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to Surabaya society who use the Shopee PayLater service. Data analysis was carried out using statistical tests to determine the influence of the independent variable (use of Shopee PayLater) towards the dependent variable (consumer behavior). The results of the study showed that there was a significant influence between the use of Shopee PayLater on the consumer behavior of Surabaya society. The more often people use Shopee PayLater, the higher the level of consumer behavior shown. This is due to the ease of access and various promotions offered by Shopee PayLater, which encourage people to make purchases without careful consideration.
Implementasi Asas Dominus Litis dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Modern di Indonesia
Authors: Muhammad Hikmat Sudiadi
Published: December 2024

Sistem peradilan pidana di Indonesia menghadapi berbagai tantangan dalam penerapan asas Dominus Litis, yang berperan penting dalam memastikan efisiensi, keadilan substantif, dan kepastian hukum. Ketidakefisienan birokrasi, tekanan politik, dan kurangnya integrasi teknologi menjadi hambatan utama yang memengaruhi optimalisasi prinsip ini dalam praktik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi asas Dominus Litis dalam sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia, mengevaluasi relevansinya dalam konteks modernisasi hukum, serta memberikan rekomendasi untuk reformasi kebijakan hukum pidana. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kombinasi pendekatan normatif dan empiris, dengan analisis dokumen hukum, literatur akademik, dan wawancara dengan jaksa serta aparat penegak hukum lainnya. Studi ini juga mengadopsi pendekatan komparatif dengan menganalisis penerapan asas Dominus Litis di Jerman dan Belanda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun asas ini diakui dalam regulasi, implementasinya sering terganggu oleh koordinasi yang buruk antar-lembaga, keterbatasan sumber daya, dan minimnya digitalisasi sistem peradilan. Sebagai perbandingan, negara seperti Jerman dan Belanda berhasil mengatasi tantangan serupa melalui digitalisasi menyeluruh, peningkatan kapasitas aparat hukum, dan penguatan pengawasan akuntabilitas. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah pentingnya reformasi sistem peradilan pidana di Indonesia yang mencakup revisi regulasi, adopsi teknologi modern, dan penguatan kapasitas serta integritas jaksa. Langkah-langkah ini diperlukan untuk memastikan bahwa asas Dominus Litis dapat diterapkan secara efektif, mendukung modernisasi sistem peradilan, dan memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat akan keadilan yang responsif dan berkelanjutan.
Puerperal Sepsis In Women: Frequency And Risk Factors: An Experience At Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Sultan Shahida , Hayat Nazish , Khan Shayan
Published: December 2024

Background: Puerperal sepsis remains a significant contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low-resource settings. Despite advancements in maternal care, factors such as inadequate prenatal care, anemia, prolonged labor, and cesarean deliveries increase susceptibility. This study explores the frequency and risk factors of puerperal sepsis in a tertiary care hospital, highlighting critical areas for intervention to improve maternal health outcomes.
Objective:  To assess the frequency and risk factors of puerperal sepsis.
Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at department of gynecology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from January 2023 to February 2024, on 157 patients who delivered within 42 days. We determined the frequency and risk factors of puerperal sepsis. We did not include patients with malaria, dengue fever of typhoid. Chi Square test was used for assessing association.
Results: The mean age of participants was 29.36±6.38 years, with a puerperal sepsis frequency of (9.6%). Significant risk factors included cesarean delivery 9 (60%), bacterial infection 14 (93.3%), anemia 13 (86.7%), postpartum hemorrhage 12 (80%), prolonged labor 8(53.3%), booked status 11 (73.3%), and rural residence 12 (80%), all showing notable associations (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The study highlights that puerperal sepsis remains a significant concern, influenced by modifiable risk factors such as anemia, uncooked status, and rural residence. Strengthening antenatal care, improving postpartum monitoring, and addressing systemic gaps in maternal healthcare can reduce its burden and improve outcomes.
Silent Signals: Exploring ECG Abnormalities in Asymptomatic Healthcare Professionals at MTI Bannu
Authors: Maqsood Saeed , Ibrahim Muhammad , Yar Allah , Bilal Muhammad , Bibi Kashaf , Zeshan
Published: December 2024

Background: Electrocardiography (ECG) plays a vital role in diagnosing cardiovascular diseases, a leading global health burden. Healthcare professionals, due to occupational stresses, may have an increased risk of cardiovascular abnormalities, particularly in resource-limited settings like Pakistan. Understanding ECG patterns in this group is essential for targeted interventions.
Objective: To determine the frequency of ECG patterns in asymptomatic healthcare professionals at MTI Bannu.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 185 asymptomatic healthcare professionals, in three allied hospitals of Medical Teaching Institutions (MTI) Bannu. Data were collected using a closed-ended questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 26. ECG patterns were recorded with a portable ECG machine.
Results: Among the participants, 143 (77.3%) exhibited normal ECG patterns. Of 45 doctors, 40 (88.8%) had normal ECGs, while 5 showed abnormalities, including sinus arrhythmias (4.4%) and bradycardia (2.2%). Among 45 medical students, 31 (68.9%) were normal, with abnormalities including right axis deviation (11.1%) and early repolarization (4.4%). Of 57 paramedics, 45 (78.9%) had normal ECGs, while abnormalities included sinus tachycardia (1.8%) and premature ventricular contractions (3.5%). Among 38 support staff, 34 (89.5%) were normal, with abnormalities observed in 4 participants (10.5%).
Conclusion: A notable proportion of healthcare professionals, despite being asymptomatic, exhibited ECG abnormalities such as arrhythmias, bradycardia, and hypertrophy. These findings highlight the importance of regular ECG screening in this population to facilitate early detection and intervention for potential cardiovascular risks.
A Histopathological Study on Carious Permanent Teeth in the Population of Jalalabad
Authors: Rahim Ihsanullah , Aleem Benish , Qureshi Laiba , Aleem Fatima
Published: December 2024

Background: Dental caries is an irreversible, multi-factorial disease that is ranked among the top most prevalent diseases. It involves the dissolution of inorganic components and the decomposition of the organic components of the tooth. It may extend from the enamel surface towards the inner structures in a horizontal, vertical, or oblique manner resulting in pain, sensitivity, and even extraction of the affected tooth.
Objective: To determine the histological classification and extent of dental caries on ground sections of the permanently extracted teeth.
Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Participants were selected according to the inclusion criterion of the study; the sample teeth were collected, sterilized, decalcified, and ground with a slow hand-piece, lathe, and sandpaper to achieve 3-4mm thickness. Conventional H&E stain was used for tissue staining followed by light microscopy for reporting the observed cases.
Results: Caries were more prevalent (84%) in the dentin-pulp complex. Males (77%) were more commonly affected as compared to females and the most common age group for caries development was 7-12 years. Mandibular molars were predominantly affected by dental caries, in permanent teeth, followed by maxillary molars.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the extent of dental caries is significantly associated with the path of decomposition of the inorganic and organic matrix of the tooth.
Morphological Study of Gentamicin-Induced Testicular Toxicity and Protective Effects of Zinc in Adult Albino Mice
Authors: Bukhari Anila Shah , Shah Faran , Shah Sana , Shah Faridullah , Khatoon Shehla , Khattak Munila Shabnum
Published: December 2024

Background: One of the drugs of the amino glycoside group, known adverse effects are nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neuromuscular paralysis. Zinc, a transitional metal and best source is meat, fish, whole grain cereals, and dairy products. Zinc protects tissues against free radicals and oxidative stress. Used in fertility, pneumonia, osteoporosis, wound healing, regulating immune function, and decreased risk of senile chronic diseases with no significant side effects.
Objective: Gentamicin effects on testicular structure and sperm parameters in mice. Zinc reversal effects are the focus of the current study.
Material and Methods: An experimental animal-based study done in Veterinary Research Institute Peshawar, for 6 months from  June 2019 to December 2019. Fifteen albino mice were collected and sorted into groups. B-1, B-2, C-1 and C-2 were experimental groups, A-1 was control group. Zinc was administered as 1-2mg/kg orally, whereas Gentamicin was administered in two dosages of 50mg/kg intraperitoneally and 75mg/kg. Mice were sacrificed after 2 weeks. Testis was collected, and kept in formalin; slides were made and observed through the light microscope.
Results: Gentamicin-induced structural alterations in experimental groups were sloughing, vacuolation, gaps formation in the somniferous epithelium, atrophic changes, nuclear pyknosis, indicated by tubular shrinkage in a few tubules, decreased somniferous tubules and somniferous epithelium. Zinc nullified these effects when used simultaneously with Gentamicin.
Conclusion: The study evaluated the impact of Gentamicin on the health outcomes of the participants. Additionally, oral supplementation of zinc at 1-2 mg/kg provided a crucial variable that allowed researchers to explore potential protective effects against Gentamicin-induced toxicity. The methodologies reveal pharmacological interactions, and emphasize dosage and administration routes in experimental design, paving the way for future research to improve therapeutic strategies and health outcomes.
Gender Impact on the Outcomes of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Khatoon Atia , Rana Nauman Anwar , Basharat Irmaghana , Khan Muhammad Nazim , Shabbir Sidra , Haider Rehan
Published: December 2024

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now considered the preferred treatment for symptomatic gallstone diseases, establishing itself as the gold standard method.
Objective: The study was designed to evaluate the effect of gender differences on laparoscopic cholecystectomy outcomes after adjusting for potential causes of conversion.
Material and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at PAC Hospital, Kamra, and PAF Hospital, Islamabad from January to December 2022. A total of 105 patients between ages 18-50 years, either gender, who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included. The outcomes such as age, body mass index, duration of surgery, and length of hospital stay were measured using the independent t-test.
Results: There were 62% females (n=65) and 38% males (n=40) who had laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were on average aged 47.82±10.63 years old. The mean body mass index of patients was 27.1±2.02 kg/m2. The duration of surgery was 62.52±2.66 minutes on average for males, and 54.72±1.94 minutes on average for females; this difference was significant (p= 0.0001). Hospital stays after surgery were comparable across the genders, at 1.96±0.90days for males and 1.95±0.92 days for females (p =0.901). There was no discernible variation in conversion between the genders.
Conclusion: Apart from the longer operative time required for male laparoscopic cholecystectomy, this study did not find gender as an independent risk factor for poor outcomes after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Exploring Polycystic Ovarian Disease and Its Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics in Young Females
Authors: Batool Tayyaba , Fatima Sabahat , Andleeb Jazib , Kiran Khadija , Mahmood Zahid , Riaz Adnan
Published: December 2024

Background: The most contentious endocrine disorder affecting women worldwide is called PCOS, or polycystic ovarian syndrome. Compared to women in the UK, where the incidence of PCOS is between 20% and 25%, Pakistani females had a higher prevalence of 52%.One major limitation of previous community studies was the lack of biochemical and clinical screening.
Objective:  To investigate the clinical and biochemical characteristics of polycystic ovaries (PCO) and associated factors, such as insulin, LH, FSH, oestradiol, testosterone, free testosterone, and SHBG in young women.
Material and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, Central Park Medical College, Lahore, from August 1, 2023, to February 1, 2024. Women attending hospitals were informed about the study and underwent ultrasonography to identify PCO. The study included 201 women diagnosed with PCO as the case group and 233 healthy women as the comparison group. After obtaining consent, participants completed questionnaires and underwent hormonal and biochemical analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.
Results: The average age of the control group was 25.83 ± 4.6 years, while the PCO group had an average age of 27.12 ± 5.52 years, with a significantly higher BMI (p = 0.001). Women with PCO showed increased insulin resistance, higher LH, and oestradiol levels, and reduced FSH. Testosterone levels and free testosterone index did not differ significantly between groups.
Conclusion: A significant proportion of women with infertility issues in Pakistan exhibit PCO. Insulin resistance is a key factor in PCO, and effective management of insulin levels may reduce the risk of developing PCOS.
Frequency of Metabolic Syndrome Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ayaz Muhammad , Shah Syed Jalal , Achakzai Humaira , Shabir Mohsin , khan Muhammad Shabbir , Latif Rabia
Published: December 2024

Background: The most common risk factors of diabetes mellitus ,includes ethnicity, family history, obesity, metabolic syndrome, behavioral factors, such as physical inactivity, diet containing higher amount of saturated fat and carbohydrates and relatively lower number of fruits and vegetables, smoking, alcohol consumption and sleep duration. Out of these, obesity is directly related to metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.
Objective:  To determine the frequency of metabolic syndrome among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Material and Methods A total of 260 patients were examined. Sample size was calculated with WHO sample size calculator using  a reference study with 58% metabolic syndrome type 2 diabetes patients (confidence level= 95%, and margin of error=6%).
Results: The results were analyzed as: Distribution of age among 260 patients was observed as n= 30-40 Years 48(18.5%), 41-50 Years 86(33.1%) 51-60 Years 64(24.6%) 61-70 Years 62 (23.8%). Mean age was 49.12 years with standard deviation ±2.142 Gender-wise distribution of 260 participants was analyzed as n=260 Gender Wise Distribution Male 182(70.0%) Female 78(30.0%). Distribution Metabolic syndrome among typeII diabetic patients was 201(77.3%).
Conclusion: This study indicates that metabolic syndrome poses a serious health risk to Pakistani diabetes patients, who are more likely to have problems like cardiovascular disease and early death. The predictor's female gender, age in the 50–60 age range, residency in an urban area, and single status are all changeable. Therefore, health authorities should offer these most at-risk diabetes patient subpopulations specific interventions including lifestyle changes.
Capital Intelectual de una Facultad de gestión pública del Paraguay
Authors: Cuenca Barrios David Arturo
Published: December 2024

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la composición del capital intelectual de una Facultad de gestión pública del Paraguay en sus carreras de grado, con datos correspondientes al año 2022, mediante la cuantificación de los indicadores del capital humano, relacional y estructural. Para ello se adoptó una metodología de nivel descriptiva, enfoque cuantitativo, corte transversal, de finalidad básica, no experimental, recabándose datos correspondientes a las seis carreras de grado de la unidad académica con la utilización del análisis documental como técnica. Los resultados indicaron que la facultad tiene buenos indicadores en lo relacionado con la cantidad de docentes (capital humano), aprovechamiento alto de los convenios firmados (capital relacional), buena cantidad de libros, equipos informáticos y acreditaciones (capital estructural); debiendo mejorar en lo que respecta al aumento de la producción intelectual, incentivos para la formación académica, inserción de investigadores al Programa Nacional de Incentivo a los Investigadores (PRONII), apoyo a docentes para participación en eventos, aumento en la suscripción de acuerdos y presupuesto de investigación.
Participación de la inversión en proyectos de construcción en el desarrollo económico de la ciudad de Concepción año 2022
Authors: Valiente Abente Sandino Manuel , Rojas Chávez Ovidio Diosnel
Published: December 2024

Este estudio se focaliza en el sector de la construcción como un componente resiliente ante crisis previas. Su objetivo principal es analizar la participación de la inversión en proyectos de construcción en el desarrollo económico de la Ciudad de Concepción durante el año 2022. Utilizando un enfoque cuantitativo y un diseño no experimental de corte transversal, se implementó una encuesta con un cuestionario con validación por expertos y confiabilidad por el alfa de cronbach. La población se dividió en entidades financieras, profesionales de la construcción y empresas proveedoras de materiales, empleando un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. De los resultados obtenidos en la dimensión de la demanda de préstamos, se destaca que, en promedio, el 39,3% de la totalidad de préstamos otorgados corresponde a préstamos para construcción. En cuanto a la perspectiva de los profesionales del ramo, se observa que el 85,7% se muestra muy optimista sobre la demanda de proyectos de construcción, sugiriendo una visión positiva del futuro del sector. Por otro lado, en relación con las empresas constructoras (ferreterías), se destaca que, en promedio, el 70,7% de las ventas totales corresponde a ventas exclusivas de materiales de construcción. Los resultados subrayan la importancia de la inversión en proyectos de construcción en el dinamismo económico local, evidenciando su contribución significativa en la demanda de préstamos, la perspectiva de los profesionales y el desempeño comercial de las empresas constructoras. En conjunto, estos hallazgos proporcionan una comprensión de la participación del sector de la construcción en el desarrollo económico de la Ciudad de Concepción en 2022.
Estudio de la viabilidad del hormigón utilizando canto rodado como agregado grueso para la construcción
Authors: Ortiz Galeano Cristian David , Benítez Santacruz Marcos
Published: December 2024

El hormigón es el material de construcción utilizado por excelencia en nuestro país, dónde este está compuesto principalmente por cemento, agregados y agua. La piedra canto rodado es un agregado abundante en el departamento de Concepción, sin embargo, es prácticamente nulo el uso que se le da como agregado del hormigón en la zona, ya que el material de uso tradicional es el agregado basáltico; de ahí el motivo de esta investigación. Esta investigación presenta como objetivo analizar la viabilidad técnica y económica que genera la utilización del canto rodado como agregado para el hormigón. El diseño de la investigación fue en una metodología experimental, donde se realizaron ensayos de laboratorio para estudiar los componentes de los materiales. El análisis de las propiedades de los agregados y del desempeño de los hormigones, fueron realizados y evaluados bajo las normas IRAM (Instituto Argentino de Normalización y Certificación). Esta investigación tuvo lugar en el laboratorio de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad Nacional de Concepción, donde se estudió las características del agregado y así también las del hormigón fresco y endurecido. Con los resultados obtenidos, se pudo concluir que la utilización del canto rodado como agregado para el hormigón fabricado bajo todos los estándares de calidad puede igualar las características del hormigón convencional el cual se toma de referencia, ya que es el hormigón utilizado por excelencia en casi todas las construcciones de la zona. También la utilización de este material genera una ventaja económica que puede influir positivamente con el desarrollo del departamento.
COMPARISON OF PHENYL EPINEPHRINE AND CO-LOADING FOR PREVENTION OF SPINAL ANESTHESIA INDUCED HYPOTENSION IN WOMEN UNDERGOING CESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Tabassum Sarah , Malik Shoaib , Muhammad Saleh  , Raza Shahneela , Khursheed Ayesha , Zahid Muhammad Arslan
Published: December 2024

Background: Spinal anesthesia is commonly used in elective cesarean sections but frequently results in hypotension, which can adversely affect both maternal and fetal outcomes. Management strategies include vasopressors such as phenyl epinephrine and fluid management techniques like co-loading with crystalloids.
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of phenyl epinephrine infusion and co-loading with crystalloids in minimizing hypotension during spinal anesthesia in elective cesarean sections.
Methods: In this randomized controlled trial at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from November 24, 2022, to May 24, 2023, 212 pregnant women (15-49 years) were assigned to either phenyl epinephrine infusion (100 μg/mL at 40 μg/min) or co-loading with 1000 mL of Ringer’s lactate. Outcomes measured included incidence of hypotension, vasopressor dose, heart rate, and neonatal Apgar scores and umbilical arterial blood pH. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26.
Results: Hypotension occurred in 67% of patients in the phenyl epinephrine group compared to 42.5% in the co-loading group (χ² = 11.610, p = 0.0001). Co-loading was associated with lower vasopressor requirements and improved hemodynamic and neonatal outcomes.
Conclusion: Co-loading with crystalloids provides better control of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension during cesarean sections than phenyl epinephrine infusion, with fewer side effects and improved maternal and neonatal outcomes.
PERCEPTION OF ACTIVE VIDEO GAMING IN ENHANCEMENT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Laiba Farooq  , Manzoor Nosheen , Areeba Rizwan  , Isha Fatima  , Nayla Ijaz  , Sonia Babar
Published: December 2024

Background: Active Video Games (AVGs) require players to perform movements that are mirrored by characters on-screen, integrating physical activity into gaming. This synergy of technology and exercise provides a dynamic way to remain active by engaging in digital entertainment, redefining traditional video gameplay.
Objective: This study aims to assess adolescents' perceptions of active video gaming and explore its association with physical activity, considering AVGs potential to alter exercise behaviors.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 385 adolescents aged 12-25 years. The study was divided into three phases: initial demographic data collection, assessing awareness of AVGs through a questionnaire, and evaluating perceptions of AVGs via diverse inquiry methods to understand their impact on physical activity levels.
Results: Findings indicate a robust correlation between active video gaming and increased physical activity among adolescents, with a notably positive perception of AVGs. The majority of participants (68%) reported a favorable view towards AVGs as a form of exercise, and 62% acknowledged an increase in their physical activity levels due to AVGs.
Conclusion: AVGs demonstrate significant potential as a motivational tool for increasing physical activity among youth, making exercise more accessible and appealing through gamified experiences. There remains a keen interest among adolescents to learn more about the benefits of AVGs.
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF CALCANEAL LOW-DYE TAPING, PLANTAR FASCIA STRETCHING AND SHAM TAPING ON ACUTE PLANTAR HEEL PAIN AND FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY LEVEL IN FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Sehar Nimra , Amjad Muhammad Samama , Khan Hafsa , Saleemi Muhammad Ahmed , Saqib Fatima , Hussain Ghazal
Published: December 2024

Background: Heel pain is a prevalent issue among athletes, particularly affecting those involved in football, with approximately 11-15% of these individuals seeking professional care for their discomfort. This study focuses on the acute management of plantar heel pain, a common condition in this demographic.
Objective: To compare the effects of calcaneal Low-dye Taping, plantar fascia stretching, and sham taping on acute plantar heel pain and functional activity levels in football players.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial was registered with identifier NCT05736809 and conducted at the Pakistan Sports Board Lahore. The study comprised 21 football players aged 20-45, divided into three groups. Participants underwent treatments over three weeks, with two sessions per week, using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale and Foot and Ankle Disability Index for assessment.
Results: The application of Low-dye taping resulted in a significant improvement in heel pain, with a mean difference in pain scores of 4.14 (p=0.003) as determined by the Paired t-test. This significant result underscores the effectiveness of Low-dye taping in reducing acute heel pain among football players.
Conclusion: While all tested interventions provided relief, calcaneal Low-dye taping was notably more effective in improving functional activity levels in football players suffering from acute plantar heel pain.
PREVALENCE OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC BALANCE DISTURBANCE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS, ISLAMABAD WITH ASSOCIATED FACTORS
Authors: Kanwal Khanzada Saania , Hufsa Asif Syeda , Syeda Maheen Jawad  , Raffial Malaika , Haider Wajahat , Afraz Nighat
Published: December 2024

Background: Balance, a vital component of human health, involves coordination between the vestibular, somatosensory, and visual systems. University students are particularly susceptible to balance disturbances due to sedentary behavior, poor lifestyle habits, and fluctuating BMI, all of which can affect both static and dynamic balance. Identifying the prevalence and factors influencing balance disturbances in this population is essential to support targeted interventions that reduce health risks associated with balance impairment.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of static and dynamic balance disturbances among university students, evaluate gender differences, and examine the impact of BMI on balance stability.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 394 university students, selected using Slovin’s formula for sample size calculation. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire encompassing demographics, anthropometric data, and specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Balance assessments included the Stork Test, Single Leg Stance (eyes open and closed) for static balance, and the Y Balance Test and Timed Up and Go Test for dynamic balance. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.
Results: The study sample (n = 394) had a mean age of 21.58 ± 1.64 years. BMI distribution indicated 12.5% underweight, 75.1% normal weight, and 12.4% overweight. Male participants demonstrated greater balance stability compared to females, with mean Stork Test times of 4.79 ± 0.407 seconds for males and 4.96 ± 0.198 seconds for females. Static balance impairments were more prevalent than dynamic ones, and higher BMI was correlated with poorer balance. Participants with normal BMI achieved higher reach distances (107.07 ± 12.56 cm) in the Y Balance Test compared to overweight individuals (86.05 ± 15.23 cm).
Conclusion: A significant prevalence of balance disturbances was observed, with static impairments more common than dynamic. Higher BMI, low physical activity levels, and sedentary habits were associated with poorer balance, whereas an active lifestyle contributed to improved balance control.
PREVALENCE OF PIRIFORMIS TIGHTNESS IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Nadeem Nimra , Yaseen Azka , Shaheen Afshan , Rehman Gohar , Tariq Nida , Irshad Hafiza Rabia , Shaban Gulbashra , Qamar Amisha
Published: December 2024

Background: Piriformis tightness is a musculoskeletal condition often leading to pain, discomfort, and functional limitations. It frequently arises from prolonged sitting and biomechanical stress, which may progress to piriformis syndrome and associated low back pain. During pregnancy, physiological and postural changes further predispose women to this condition, yet limited research has addressed its prevalence and contributing factors in this population.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of piriformis tightness among pregnant women in their third trimester and assess its association with age, gravida status, job type, and working hours.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 186 pregnant women aged 20–40 years in their third trimester, recruited from Hamida Trust Hospital (Kotla) using non-probability convenience sampling. Participants were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and piriformis tightness was assessed using the piriformis stretch test. Demographic information, including age, gravida, job status, working hours, and exercise during pregnancy, was documented. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23, with frequency tests and chi-square analysis for significance.
Results: Piriformis tightness was present in 51.1% (95/186) of participants. Prevalence was highest among women aged 27–33 years (53.2%), with age showing a highly significant association (p<0.001). Multigravida women exhibited a prevalence of 63.98%, compared to 10.75% in primigravida women. Tightness was observed in 25.81% of working women and 25.27% of housewives. Working hours showed no significant correlation with piriformis tightness (p=0.226). Participants working 6–8 hours daily demonstrated a higher prevalence (21.06%) compared to those working fewer than 6 hours (12.43%) or more than 8 hours (17.84%).
Conclusion: Age and gravida were significant factors influencing piriformis tightness, with the highest prevalence in women aged 27–33 years and multigravida participants. While working women showed slightly higher prevalence rates, no direct correlation was observed between working hours and piriformis tightness.
INVESTIGATION OF DIFFERENT STRESSORS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS DURING CLINICAL TRAINING IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS PESHAWAR
Authors: Asif Amna , Sajjad Zarafshan , Sajjad Mansha , Shaheen Anas Bacha , Khan Allah Dad , Ayub Azhar , Rehman Zahid , Akbar Kamran
Published: December 2024

Background: Clinical training is a critical component of education for health sciences students, often accompanied by various stressors that significantly affect their academic and clinical performance. Understanding these stressors is crucial for improving student outcomes and well-being.
Objective: This study aims to identify the diverse stressors encountered by students in clinical training and evaluate their impact on both academic and clinical performance.
Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires to collect data from clinical training students. The data was analysed using SPSS software to identify prevalent stressors and assess their correlation with students' performance metrics.
Results: The analysis revealed that students are primarily impacted by role conflicts and discourteous staff behaviour, leading to decreased academic and clinical performance. A significant percentage of students reported high levels of both physical (62%) and emotional exhaustion (59%).
Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions in Allied Health Sciences programs to address stressors and enhance student performance. Implementing strategies to reduce these stress factors and increase resilience could substantially improve educational and clinical experiences for students.
OUTCOME OF HUMERUS SHAFT FRACTURES IN ADULTS TREATED BY DYNAMIC COMPRESSION PLATE IN MARDAN MEDICAL COMPLEX
Authors: Khan Tayyab Mustajab , Inamullah  , Haziq Dad Khan
Published: December 2024

Background: Humerus shaft fractures constitute approximately 3% of all fractures and are commonly managed through surgical or conservative methods depending on fracture complexity and patient condition. Dynamic compression plating (DCP) is widely regarded as a reliable surgical option, promoting union and functional recovery while minimizing complications. Despite its effectiveness, limited regional data is available to guide clinical decision-making. This study aims to evaluate the functional outcomes of DCP in the treatment of humerus shaft fractures at Mardan Medical Complex.
Objective: To determine the functional outcomes of humerus shaft fractures in adults treated with dynamic compression plating.
Methods: This descriptive case series was conducted at Mardan Medical Complex from June 22, 2021, to December 22, 2021. A total of 139 patients aged 18–70 years, with humerus shaft fractures presenting within 10 days of injury, were included. Patients with upper or lower humerus fractures, segmental fractures, or prior open fractures were excluded. All procedures were performed using DCP, and functional outcomes were assessed using the DASH score on the 30th postoperative day. Data on demographic characteristics, injury mechanisms, and outcomes were analyzed.
Results: The mean age of the 139 patients was 32.86±13.55 years. Of these, 72.7% were male and 58.3% sustained fractures due to road traffic accidents. Functional outcomes revealed excellent results in 20.9% (n=29), good outcomes in 61.9% (n=86), fair outcomes in 15.1% (n=21), and poor outcomes in 2.2% (n=3). Middle third fractures accounted for 59% of cases, followed by distal and proximal fractures at 24.5% and 16.5%, respectively.
Conclusion: Dynamic compression plating is an effective surgical technique for managing humerus shaft fractures, achieving excellent to good outcomes in the majority of cases. The findings support DCP as a preferred treatment option for optimizing functional recovery in these fractures.
ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Authors: Javed Ali Solangi  , Tabassum Fareed Memon  , Musaib Umair  , Sadia Jabeen  , Haresh Kumar  , Abid Ali  , Sadam Hussain Shaikh  , Anwar Hussain Phulpoto
Published: December 2024

Background: Copper has long been recognized for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. With the advancement of nanotechnology, copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) have garnered significant attention for their broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral properties. Cu NPs demonstrate potential in various medical applications, including infection control, biofilm prevention, and viral inactivation.
Objective: This review aims to evaluate the medical applications of copper nanoparticles, focusing on their antimicrobial and antiviral properties, their mechanisms of action, and their potential therapeutic benefits in treating bacterial and viral infections. The paper also discusses the safety concerns and potential toxic effects associated with Cu NPs.
Methods: A comprehensive review of recent literature was conducted, focusing on the antimicrobial and antiviral activities of copper nanoparticles against a variety of pathogens. The antiviral effects of Cu NPs, particularly against viruses such as Hepatitis B, C, HIV, and COVID-19, are explored. The review also highlights the applications of copper nanoparticles in healthcare settings, particularly in medical devices and hospital environments.
Results: Copper nanoparticles have shown exceptional efficacy in eliminating pathogenic microorganisms, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria and various viruses. The mechanisms behind their antimicrobial action include contact-killing properties, the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and viral genome inactivation. Cu NPs also exhibit significant promise in reducing bacterial biofilm formation, enhancing the effectiveness of medical devices, and inactivation of respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2.
Conclusion: Copper nanoparticles are emerging as a promising tool for combating microbial infections. Their potential to inactivate a wide range of pathogens, including viruses and bacteria, makes them highly valuable in medical and healthcare settings. However, further research is necessary to address potential health risks and optimize the use of Cu NPs in clinical applications.