bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CALCULATING THE MAIN PARAMETERS OF DRIVE COUPLINGS WITH ELASTIC ELEMENTS IN THE FORM OF A SERPENTINE SPRING
Authors: Zyablikov V. M. , Shirshov A. A.
Published: March 2022

Couplings with metal elastic elements allow you to more accurately calculate the torsional stiffness. At the same time, the greater the number of parameters that affect the stiffness, the more accurately it is possible to achieve compliance of the coupling with the specified parameters. However, the effect on the rigidity of many parameters significantly complicates the calculation. A method is proposed that simplifies the calculation of the main dimensions of the coupling and reduces the time spent on the design of drive couplings with elastic elements in the form of serpentine springs, recommendations are given for choosing the parameters of elastic elements.
SIBERIAN AERONAUTICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE NAMED AFTER S. A. CHAPLYGIN 80TH ANNIVERSARY
Authors: Sereznov A. N. , Barsuk V. E. , Stepanova L. N. , Chemezov V. L.
Published: March 2022

The article describes the main stages of the creation of the Siberian Aeronautical Research Institute (SibNIA) named after S. A. Chaplygin from 1941 to the nowdays. The main works on aerodynamics and strength under normal conditions, at high and cryogenic temperatures of hypersonic aviation, rocket and space technology are presented. The issues of creating a composite aircraft TVS-2DTS, which is a modernization of the An-2 aircraft, are considered, and examples of restoration of aircrafts form the Great Patriotic War times are given.
DEVELOPMENT OF A METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF AN ALUMINUM COATING MADE BY GAS-DYNAMIC SPRAYING
Authors: Starkov I. N. , Rozhkov K. A. , Baidukova L. A. , Olshanskaya T. V.
Published: March 2022

This article discusses methods for testing an aluminum coating applied by gasdynamic spraying, such as: determination of adhesion, cohesive strength and shear force; determination of the reliability of the coating under conditions, compressive and tensile loads, coating hardness, heating tests and metallographic analysis. Of the existing methods, the most optimal ones have been selected to determine the reliability of the operation of restored parts by spraying, as well as new methods have been developed for determining the force of separation of the coating from the substrate, determining the cohesive strength, bending tests (inward and outward by the coating). The developed control complex makes it possible to sufficiently assess the reliability of the adhesion of the coating of the parts undergoing both mechanical and thermal loads. Currently, there are many standards for determining the properties of coatings (for example, GOST 9.302-88, MIL-STD-3021 – US standard) According to these standards, there is no completeness of the tests carried out. To develop a complete complex of coating control, the article considered methods of testing an aluminum coating applied by gasdynamic spraying, such as: determination of adhesion, cohesive strength and shear force; determination of the reliability of the coating under conditions, compressive and tensile loads, coating hardness, heating tests and metallographic analysis. Of the existing methods (determination of adhesion by the adhesive method, measurement of hardness, temperature tests, metallographic analysis), the most optimal ones were selected to determine the reliability of the operation of restored parts by spraying, new methods were also developed for determining the force of separation of the coating from the substrate, determining the cohesive strength, bending tests (inside and outside coated). The developed control complex made it possible to assess the reliability of the adhesion of the coating of the parts undergoing both mechanical and thermal loads.
TO DEVELOPMENT OF A MEASURING SYSTEM AND METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR CONTROL OF TECHNICAL CONDITION OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP UNITS
Authors: Shichev P. S.
Published: March 2022

The article discusses solutions to create an algorithm for specifying the value of diagnostic parameters and instrumentation of measuring systems for the method of diagnostics of electric driven cantilever centrifugal pumping units by analyzing the spectra of motor current and voltage. The simulation model of the unit was used to establish a quantitative relationship between the amplitudes of the frequency components of the current and voltage of the motor supply line and the dependence of the phase shift between the fundamental harmonics of the current and voltage signals when varying the pressure developed by the pump centrifugal pumping units. An algorithm has been formed that assumes two approaches to refining the amplitude of the informative frequency component of the current spectrum, taken depending on the set of measured parameters. Arrangements of measuring systems for diagnostics of the centrifugal pumping units are proposed both with minimal possibilities for assessing the state of nodes by the spectrum of the current of one of the phases of the power line of the electric motor, and with the extended functionality of the spectral analysis of signals of currents and voltages of three phases of the motor and the possibility of refining the diagnostic parameters in conditions of their distortion by the frequency components of the mains voltage.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF ADAPTIVE MONITORING GROUND SURFACES WHEN FLYING ABOVE CUMULUS CLOUDS ONBOARD OPTICAL-ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Muzhichek S. M. , Obrosov K. V. , Safonov V. A. , Lisitsyn V. M.
Published: March 2022

The spatial structure of the cloud cover located between the aircraft and the Earth’s surface strongly affects the result of monitoring of the Earth’s surface by Multi-Spectral Optical Electronic System of aircraft. The method of adaptive scanning of Earth’s surface was proposed in previous work to solve the above problem. This article is a continuation of previous work. There is the calculation of the efficiency of the proposed adaptive monitoring in this article. The calculation is carried out for the cases, when the rate of change of the position of the narrow field of view has no mechanical restrictions. The ratio of the area of unseen underlying surface to the whole area of underlying surface is taken as the loss function for calculation of the efficiency of monitoring. This loss function allows us to calculate the efficiency of monitoring as the calculation of restrictions of the duration of optical contact with the object. The calculation is carried out with a known mathematical expectation of the distance between the centers of adjacent (neighboring) clouds. Estimates of the corresponding mathematical expectations are taken for a given lateral displacement of the sought object, the flight altitude of the aircraft and the statistical characteristics of spatial structure of the cloud. This data is taken from meteorological reference books. The analytical expressions and the calculations, which are given in this article, can be used as a basis for development of the algorithms of the adaptive control of the orientation of a narrow field of view for Multi-Spectral Optical Electronic System.
CFD Analysis into the Resistance of Trimaran with Longitudinal Sidehull Adjustments
Authors: Luhulima Richard Benny , Sutiyo Sutiyo , Utama I Ketut Aria Pria
Published: March 2022

There has recently been a surge in demand for multi-hull vessels for military and commercial purposes. The need for multi-hull ships increase from the necessity to balance speed and cargo requirements. Among others, the trimaran is one such hull type. The current study performs a CFD resistance analysis for trimaran as a parameter range of feasible hull forms based on the NPL systematic series. The resistance of trimaran hull shapes are calculated using CFXTM, a commercial CFD code that belongs to ANSYS. The trimaran model was tested at one fixed transverse separation (S/L=0.2) together with 3 longitudinal separations, R/L=0, 0.25, and 0.5, at different Froude numbers (based on length) from 0.2 to 0.6. Testing on the individual hull is also carried out to quantify the effect of resistance interference on the trimaran configuration. The CFD simulation results indicate that the trimaran model with side hulls parallel to the stern (R/L=0) has the least resistance. The interference effect of resistance on Trimaran with R/L=0, 0.25, 0.5 are 2.8%, 4.6%, 6.8% as opposed to non-interference trimaran model, respectively. These findings provide an approach for appropriately selecting the trimaran model with longitudinal side hull configurations.
Od kapitalizmu informacyjnego do kapitalizmu inwigilacyjnego
Authors: Puślecki Zdzisław W.
Published: March 2022

The digital revolution imposes a new economic order. Surveillance capitalism has its origins in (classical) market capitalism, but it differs significantly from it. In the traditional (classical) model of capitalism, there are goods that are produced in order to be sold. However, in the 21st century it is difficult to compete. It is not easy to find new added value that would determine the margin and profit. The question is, how long can you keep your labor costs down? This is why surveillance capitalism arose. His story is relatively young. It was established in the years 2000–2004. As the Internet bubble burst, investors threatened the company to pull out of funding, unable to find a quick way to monetize it. Then Google suddenly discovered that the last virgin territory that had not yet hit the market was human nature. It is worth noting that it is much easier to predict something if you first interfere with the behavior so that it takes the desired forms. To put it bluntly – the market is trying to push its individual participants, as customers and consumers, more and more in the direction it prefers, trying to influence their opinions, sometimes even driving them to specific places. The aim of the study is to present the problems that led to the transformation of information capitalism into surveillance capitalism.
Small-scale sectorial perturbation modes against the background of a pulsating model of disk-like self-gravitating systems
Authors: Ganiev Jakhongir , Nuritdinov Salakhutdin
Published: March 2022

In this work, we consider small-scale sectorial perturbation modes in a disk-like model of a radially nonstationary spiral galaxy in order to study the gravitational instabilities of these modes. Calculations of horizontal sectorial small-scale perturbation modes, such as

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, (11; 11), (12; 12), (13; 13), (14; 14), and (15; 15), against the background of a nonlinearly nonequilibrium anisotropic model of the self-gravitating disk have been carried out. For each of these perturbation modes, critical diagrams are plotted between the virial parameter and the degree of rotation. The growth rates of instability are calculated and compared for different values of the rotation parameter. The results of calculations and comparisons of instability regions show that with an increase in the degree of small scale, the instability region narrows as the wave numbers increase.
Investigation of Flow Rate and Viscous Dissipation in a Single Screw Pump-Extruder
Authors: Campbell G. A. , Wang C. , Cheng H. , Bullwinkel M. , te-Riele M. A.
Published: March 2022

The focus of this investigation was to determine the effect of barrel rotation and screw rotation on the flow rate and viscous dissipation inside the screw pump-extruder. The screw pump-extruder was built to allow for barrel rotation and screw rotation independently. A Newtonian fluid, Polypropylene glycol, was chosen as the working fluid. The experimental results can be summarized by noting that the pumping capacity of the device was independent of which element was rotated at constant angular velocity and that barrel rotation generated higher temperature rise than screw rotation for the two screws evaluated. Also this analysis suggested that a large amount of viscous dissipation inside this extruder arises from the clearance flow. A new analytical model was proposed to evaluate the viscous dissipation for screw rotation. Calculations using this new mathematical model provided good agreement with the experimental data for both barrel and screw rotation.
Process Behavior of Special Mixing Elements in Twin-screw Extruders
Authors: Potente H. , Kretschmer K. , Hofmann J. , Senge M. , Mours M. , Scheel G. , Winkelmann Th.
Published: March 2022

Tightly intermeshing, co-rotating twin-screw extruders are commonly employed for tasks requiring good mixing. The modular structure of both barrel and screw makes it possible to optimize the extruder configuration for a given task. Increasing demands on polymers have resulted in the development of more sophisticated mixing elements. In the framework of this investigation we looked at the pressure-throughput behavior of mixing elements in a conveying, reconveying and conveying-reconveying configuration. Furthermore, the local residence time distribution within those elements was investigated. We developed physical-mathematical models to describe the pressure – throughput behavior observed in the experimental investigations.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of Polymer Melting in a Co-rotating Twin Screw Extruder
Authors: Vergnes B. , Souveton G. , Delacour M. L. , Ainser A.
Published: March 2022

The flow of molten polymers in corotating twin screw extruders has been largely studied, but little attention has been paid until now to the melting process. In the present work, we develop an experimental study of melting in twin screw extruders, including pressure and temperature measurements, dead-stop experiments and sampling, observation of cross sections and quantification of solid fraction. The influences of process parameters (screw speed and feed rate), screw profile, pellets size and extruder size are also investigated. An original model of the melting process is proposed, deduced from these observations. This model allows one to calculate the evolution of mean shear rate, pressure gradient, dissipated energy, pellet radius and both solid and liquid temperatures along the screws, for a sequence of right- and left-handed screw elements and blocks of kneading discs. The results of the model are in good agreement with the experiments.
T2DM-elicited oxidative stress represses MTA3 expression in mouse Leydig cells
Authors: Liu Fei , Chen Zhen-Zhen , Zhao Jie , Zhang Yuan-Qiang , Ma Jing , Li Wei
Published: March 2022

Metastasis-associated protein 3 (MTA3) functions as a versatile coregulator in cancers and in physiological contexts. A predominant expression of MTA3 in interstitial Leydig cells (LCs) and its role as a local modulator of testicular steroidogenesis have recently emerged. Incubation with insulin decreased MTA3 expression in a concentration- and exposure time-dependent manner in LCs. This raises the possibility of additional endocrine actions of insulin in the direct control of MTA3 expression, which remains so far unexplored. Herein, we reported that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-mediated inhibition of MTA3 was associated with an increase in testicular oxidative stress. In contrast, a gavage of the strong antioxidant melatonin effectively ameliorated oxidative stress and restored the expression of MTA3, but failed to change serum insulin levels in the diabetic mice with testosterone deficiency (TD). Using multiple biochemical approaches, we demonstrated that oxidative stress suppressed MTA3 expression via repression of nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1)-mediated transactivation of MTA3 in mouse LCs. By contrast, ectopic expression of NR4A1 ameliorated oxidative stress-impaired MTA3 expression in LCs. By employing an effective in vivo gene transfer method with microinjection of lentiviral plasmids, we showed that replenishment of MTA3 expression in vivo partially restored testicular steroidogenesis and improved male fertility in diabetic mice with TD. Thus, we have unveiled a central regulatory hub, involving oxidative stress-impaired NR4A1-driven transactivation of MTA3 in stimulated LCs, as a potential mechanism regulating crosstalk between hyperinsulinemia and male infertility associated with TD.
SPERM FACTORS AND EGG ACTIVATION: The phenotype of PLCZ1-deficient mice
Authors: Satouh Yuhkoh
Published: March 2022

In 2002, a report suggested that oocyte activation is induced by Plcz1 in mouse oocytes, which prompted great interest in exploring the role of sperm PLCZ1. Thus, PLCZ1 loss-of-function experiments became a crucial tool for addressing this subject. Although the only option to completely delete a target protein in fully functional spermatozoa is to use gene-deficient animals, Plcz1-deficient mice were not reported until 2017. Challenges to obtain suitable in vivo models have been related to altered expression of Capza3, a neighbor gene to Plcz1 locus in mammalian genomes that is required for spermatogenesis. With the advancement of genome-editing technologies, two groups independently and simultaneously produced Plcz1 mutant mouse lines, which were the first animal models to be artificially and reliably deficient for sperm PLCZ1. All Plcz1 mutant mouse lines display normal spermatogenesis and, surprisingly, subfertility rather than complete infertility. Moreover, analysis of oocyte Ca2+ dynamics indicates that mouse PLCζ1 is an essential sperm-derived oocyte activation factor via intracytoplasmic sperm injection, as PLCZ1 deficiency causes a complete lack of Ca2+ oscillations. This seemingly contradictory phenotype can be explained by atypical Ca2+ oscillations that are provoked slowly and less frequently in the case of fertilization accompanied by physiological sperm–egg fusion. These findings not only raise new questions concerning the sperm basic biology, by clearly demonstrating the existence of a PLCZ1-independent oocyte activation mechanism in mice, but also have implications for the treatment and phenotypic interpretation of patients presenting oocyte activation failure.
TCF3 regulates human endometrial stromal cell proliferation and migration in RPL
Authors: Wei Xiao-Wei , Liu Xue-Qing , Zhang Yu-Chen , Qin Chuan-Mei , Lin Yi , Tian Fu-Ju
Published: March 2022

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a multifactorial condition with no explanation of miscarriage in approximately half of the RPL patients, consequently leaving deep physical and emotional sequels. Transcription factor 3 (TCF3 or E2A), is a unique member of the LEF/TCF family and plays an important role in embryogenesis. However, its function in RPL is poorly understood. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that TCF3 was downregulated in decidual tissues from RPL patients compared with healthy control (HC). Further, TCF3 knockdown inhibited proliferation, induced G0/G1 phase arrest, and promoted migration in human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs), while overexpression of TCF3 exhibited the opposite effects. RNA-sequencing analysis combined with gene-set enrichment analysis results showed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is potentially downstream of TCF3. Knockdown of TCF3 confirmed increased p38 phosphorylation, while overexpression of TCF3 inhibited p38 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we found that TCF3 protein level was decreased in HESCs under hypoxic incubation, while hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1A) knockdown increased the expression of TCF3. TCF3 overexpression recovered the proliferation ability of HESCs inhibited by hypoxia and reversed hypoxia-induced migration. Consistently, we found that RPL patients had a significantly higher level of HIF1A in the decidual tissue than HC. Overall, this study clarifies that increased HIF1A in the decidua contributes to the occurrence of RPL through the TCF3/p38 signaling pathway.
SPERM FACTORS AND EGG ACTIVATION: Divergent sperm factors for egg activation in amphibian fertilization
Authors: Iwao Yasuhiro , Ueno Shuichi
Published: March 2022

Mature amphibian eggs arrested at meiotic metaphase II must undergo activation to initiate embryonic development soon after fertilization. Fertilizing sperm provide eggs with a signal that induces egg activation, and an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the egg cytoplasm (a Ca2+ rise) is the most important signal for this initiation. The sperm transmits the signal for the Ca2+ rise, known as the sperm factor, which is divergent between anurans and urodeles. In monospermic anurans, the sperm transmits the signal through a receptor on the egg membrane, causing a single rapid Ca2+ rise. Sperm matrix metalloproteinase-2 is a potential candidate for the receptor-mediated sperm factor in anurans. In physiologically polyspermic urodeles, multiple slower Ca2+ rises are caused by a soluble sperm factor (sperm-specific citrate synthase) which is transferred to the egg cytoplasm after sperm–egg fusion. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of egg activation in amphibian fertilization, focusing on recent progress in characterizing these sperm factors and their divergence during the evolution of tetrapod vertebrates.
Política Exterior Feminista: un análisis de la cooperación de Suecia
Authors: Soares de Aguiar Bruna
Published: March 2022

En 2014 Suecia fue el primer país en afirmar que pasaría a desarrollar una Política Exterior Feminista (PEF). Este anuncio suscitó varias especulaciones sobre lo que significaría la inserción del paradigma feminista como política exterior. Autores y centros de estudio fueron, a lo largo de estos años, definiendo que una PEF trataría de un cambio en la ética de la política internacional revisando actores, estructuras y narrativas que tienden a generar una desigualdad de género y que suma opresiones de raza, identidad, etnia, religión, entre otros.
En este contexto, este estudio se considera importante al desarrollar un análisis en torno a la aplicación de la PEF sueca desde una perspectiva del Sur global, con el objetivo de observar las narrativas sobre las prácticas de cooperación sueca en el ámbito de la PEF. En este sentido, se ha optado por analizar la retórica sobre los resultados de la cooperación sueca en los tres primeros años de PEF de manera a observar si la narrativa sobre los resultados también presenta el mismo cambio propuesto por la definición de la cooperación, o si reproduce, en alguna medida, los discursos tradicionales. Este estudio fue realizado a partir del análisis de la narrativa presentada en documentos producidos por el gobierno sueco en el año de 2017.
Se puede concluir que, a pesar de que Suecia ha avanzado en el tema al integrar las demandas de los movimientos feministas a sus políticas de Estado y gobierno, aún se puede observar la reproducción de discursos tradicionales de la cooperación internacional al desarrollo. Puesto que en su retórica no se explotan las asociaciones con los Estados del Sur receptores de la cooperación y mantiene actores de la cooperación tradicional del Norte, reforzando el uso de la categoría género como indicador en la ayuda al desarrollo y poco cuestionadora de las relaciones de poder existentes entre Norte y Sur.
Simulation-Based Emergency Team Training in Pediatrics: A Systematic Review
Authors: Thim Signe , Henriksen Tine Brink , Laursen Henrik , Schram Anders Lund , Paltved Charlotte , Lindhard Morten Søndergaard
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVES

The rare event of handling critically ill children often challenge the emergency care team. Several studies have investigated effects of simulation-based team training to prepare for such events, but the body of evidence remains to be compiled. We performed a systematic review of the effects of simulation-based team training on clinical performance and patient outcome.

METHODS

From a search of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library, we included studies of team training in emergency pediatric settings with reported clinical performance and patient outcomes. We extracted data using a predefined template and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials 2.0 and the Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.

RESULTS

We screened 1926 abstracts and included 79 studies. We identified 15 studies reporting clinical health care professional performance or patient outcomes. Four studies reported survival data, 5 reported time-critical clinical events, 5 reported adherence to guidelines, checklists or tasks, and 2 reported on airway management. Randomized studies revealed improved team performance in simulated reevaluations 2 to 6 months after intervention. A meta-analysis was impossible because of heterogeneous interventions and outcomes. Most included studies had significant methodological limitations.

CONCLUSIONS

Pediatric simulation-based team training improves clinical performance in time-critical tasks and adherence to guidelines. Improved survival was indicated but not concluded because of high risk of bias. Team performance and technical skills improved for at least 2 to 6 months. Future research should include longer-term measures of skill retention and patient outcomes or clinical measures of treatment quality whenever possible.
Three-year pollen and fungi calendar in a Mediterranean region of the Northeast Greece
Authors: Katsimpris Petros , Nikolaidis Christos , Deftereou Theodora-Eleftheria , Balatsouras Dimitrios , Printza Athanasia , Iliou Theodoros , Alexiadis Triantafyllos , Chatzisouleiman Ipek , Samara Marianna , Constantinidis Jannis , Lambropoulou Maria , Katotomichelakis Michael
Published: March 2022

Introduction and objectives: Pollen calendars have been proved clinically important in allergic disease management, as differences in airborne allergens exist not only between different countries but also between regions of the same country as well. This study aims to provide new data regarding the atmospheric pollen and fungi content of a Mediterranean region (Western Thrace/North-East Greece) and discuss seasonal trends, differences in pollen grains and fungi spores’ circulation over the years, and correlations with climate parameters.
Material and methods: A 7-day continuously running volumetric trap was used to collect circulating pollen grains and fungi spores. Pollen taxa and fungi were characterized by standard protocols and counted as grains /m3 and average total grains and spores. The primary allergenic pollen season was discovered, and their 10-day averages were measured over time. Correlations with temperature, rain, and humidity were assessed by single linear regression analysis.
Results: Pollen grains from nine pollen families were identified, including five arboreal, two nonarboreal taxa, and spores from two fungi species. The three most prevalent taxa were Oleaceae, Poaceae, Pinaceae, and Cladosporium in the fungi. Peak pollen concentrations were detected during April and May, with daily averages exceeding 170 grains/m3. Poaceae presented the longest pollen season of 342 days and Oleaceae the shortest, extending to only 110 days, during the 3years. Cladosporium was the fungus with the highest spore concentration (180,129.9 spores) compared with Alternaria (28,026.1 spores). Correlations with meteorological parameters showed variable associations among different taxa, with rainfall and relative humidity being the most significant determinants.
Conclusion: In this study, the pollenic and fungal spectrum of a Mediterranean region and information that can be proved clinically significant for the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approach of allergic patients was presented.
Social wasps in Spain: the who and where
Authors: Vega José María , Ortiz-Sánchez Francisco Javier , Martínez-Arcediano Ana , Castro Leopoldo , Alfaya Teresa , Carballada Francisco , Cruz Sergia , Marqués Lluís , Vega Arantza , Ruiz-León Berta
Published: March 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to list the social vespids occurring in Spain, determine their presence in each region, and correlate the data with the vespids responsible for allergic reactions and their progression over time.
Methods: Insects distribution data were collected in two phases: from the southern half of Spain (2008–2012), and from the northern half of Spain (2016–2019). Data for the vespids were collected from the prescriptions of Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy (HVIT) at six Spanish hospitals in the years 2009 and 2019.
Results: Polistes dominula and Vespula germanica were the most widely distributed species. Vespa velutina was found to be present in a large part of northern Spain. During the 10 year period, the prescriptions of vespid VIT increased by 42.63%. The north of Spain saw a 3.61 fold greater predominance of prescriptions for Vespula (to some extent influenced by Vespa velutina allergy) whereas in central and southern Spain, there was a 3.97 fold greater predominance of prescriptions for Polistes.
Conclusions: It is the first study that compares the vespid distribution maps with VIT prescription. A noteworthy finding is the wide presence of Polistes dominula and Vespula germanica in Spain and the appearance of Vespa velutina allergy in the northern part of the country. Data of HVIT prescriptions reflect inter-regional variability with the predominance of Vespula (due to Vespula and Vespa) in the north and that of Polistes in the center and south of Spain.
6-Gingerol, a functional polyphenol of ginger, reduces pulmonary fibrosis by activating Sirtuin1
Authors: Liu Li , Yu Nan , Leng Wei , Lu Yun , Xia Xinxin , Yuan Hui
Published: March 2022

Pulmonary fibrosis in general is the final common outcome of various interstitial lung diseases. In recent years, the incidence of pulmonary fibrosis has been rising with poor prognosis. 6-gingerol is deemed as a functional polyphenol of ginger. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 6-gingerol, on pulmonary fibrosis. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, bleomycin, bleomycin + 6-gingerol 100 mg/kg, bleomycin + 6-gingerol 250 mg/kg, and the survival rates of the groups were recorded. Pathological and fibrotic changes in the lungs were identified by H&E and Masson staining, respectively. The levels of hydroxyproline and protein deposited in lung tissues were then, respectively, determined by colorimetry and western blotting. Subsequently, the proportion of cells and inflammatory factors in the alveolar lavage fluid were estimated. Following the identification of the possibility of Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) in the pharmacological mechanism through molecular docking and western blotting, human embryonic lung fibroblasts MRC-5 were treated with TGF-β1 and SIRT1 inhibitor to study the role of SIRT1 in the regulatory effect of 6-gingerol. From the results, 6-gingerol was found to increase the survival rate of mice and reduce lung pathology and fibrosis in mice. And, it significantly reduced the levels of hydroxyproline and the proteins deposited in lung tissues. Moreover, the number of neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, and the levels of inflammatory factors in the alveolar lavage fluid were also reduced. SIRT1 inhibitor blocked the function of 6-gingerol to inhibit fibrosis. To sum up, 6-gingerol relieves pulmonary fibrosis via activating SIRT1. This finding expands the pharmacological effect of 6-gingerol, and it is expected to advance the development of treatments for pulmonary fibrosis.
Psychological stress in asthma: repercussions on epigenetics-genetics, immune responses, and pulmonary function in the pediatric population
Authors: Araújo Gueiros Lira Georgia Véras de , Pontes da Silva Giselia Alves , Wandalsen Gustavo Falbo , Cavalcanti Sarinho Emanuel Sávio
Published: March 2022

In the assessment of childhood asthma, identifying the risk factors associated with exacerbations and broadening this view to understand psychological stress and its repercussions on the inflammatory process of asthma allow a different perspective on this biopsychosocial disease. Psychological stress, as a risk factor for the onset and noncontrol of asthma, has been increasingly evaluated from the perspective of the repercussions on the body of the stimulus generated in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and adrenal glands, with cortisol release and immune system action. These processes trigger changes in T helper 2 cells, which polarize allergic processes, and dysfunctions in immune tolerance mechanisms, with a decrease in regulatory T cells. Genetic and epigenetic changes in β2-adrenergic and glucocorticoid receptors, with decreased response to these drugs, were also identified in studies, in addition to changes in respiratory function patterns, with worsening of obstruction and inflammation identified via decreased forced expiratory volume in one second and increased exhaled inflammatory gases in allergic asthma. Therefore, the present review sought to identify studies on the effect of personal and parental acute or chronic psychological stress, emphasizing the repercussions on genetics, epigenetics, and immune and pulmonary functional and inflammatory responses in the pediatric population.
The traditional Mediterranean diet is effective in the prevention and treatment of acute and recurrent inflammatory diseases of childhood
Authors: Calatayud-Sáez Fernando M.
Published: March 2022

In the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, disease severity was found to be more related to the immune system hyper-response than the invasive or destructive capacity of the virus. Similarly, most common childhood diseases, which are generally recurrent and inflammatory, may be caused by a hyper-response or inability of the immune system. Individuals will react differently to causal noxa and outcomes will depend on the balance and maturity of their immune system. Conventionally, childhood diseases are symptomatically treated with little attention being devoted to balancing and stimulating the maturation of the immune system. Recently, there has been an increase in publications that consider lifestyle as an important factor in the maintenance of health. One controversial angle is an abandonment of the traditional diet and the inclusion of foods that are potentially less well-assimilated by the human species. An increasing number of studies are demonstrating the anti-inflammatory effects of the Mediterranean Diet while illustrating the pro-inflammatory effects of many other food types. We believe that the Traditional Mediterranean Diet consists of foods that support the establishment and maintenance of a healthy microbiota and a mature immune system that, in turn, can aid in the prevention of common inflammatory and recurrent diseases of childhood.
Knockdown of GPRC5B alleviates the high glucose-induced inflammation and extracellular matrix deposition of podocyte through inhibiting NF-κB pathway
Authors: Tao Yiying , Lin Youwen , An Ling , Tao Yijuan , Li Yulin , Han Jianfang , Hu Wenbo , Liu Wenhua
Published: March 2022

Background: Diabetes is a serious disease that could greatly increase the risk of cardiovascular complications, whereas the underlying pathology of DN is still unknown. GPRC5B is a member of the RAIG subfamily of type 3 (family C) GPCR, and its role in DN is still unclear.
Objective: To unveil the role of GPRC5B in diabetic nephropathy (DN) progression and investigate the potential signaling pathway.
Materials and methods: Podocytes were stimulated with high glucose and expression of GPRC5B was analyzed by qPCR and western blot. Then the level of GPRC5B was depleted by siRNA transfection and inflammatory cytokine level was monitored by ELISA assay. The ECM depostion and the activation of NF-κB pathway were detected by Immunoblot.
Results: We investigated the possible role of GPRC5B in the pathology of diabetic nephropathy. We found GPRC5B was highly expressed in high glocuse (HG) induced podocytes. The depletion of GPRC5B inhibited HG induced cell inflammation. In addition, the ablation of GPRC5B suppressed the HG induced ECM deposition. We further found GPRC5B could alleviate the inflammation and extracellular matrix deposition of HG-induced podocytes through NF-κB pathway.
Conclusion: We therefore thought GPRC5B could serve as a promising target for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. G-protein-coupled receptors.
Interethnic Relations: the Essence and the Core Varieties
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Pain Emil A.
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes Russian academic sources and government documents with the focus on ethnic and national relations reveals their eclectic nature and the confusion in the use of terms. The article provides the authorial definition of the phenomenon “inter-ethnic relations”, the main feature of which is the awareness of cross-cultural differences. The author proceeds from the differentiation of the concepts of “nation” and “ethnos” in the scientific tradition and public administration, as they have historically developed in different models — French and German. In world science, the differences between two types of imaginary communities are established: on the one hand — nations, as political communities that are associated with the idea of citizenship and popular sovereignty. And, on the other, ethnocultural communities that are defined nowadays with the help of such terms as “ethnos” or “ethaneе”, “ethnic group”, “ethnicity”. The author traces the origins and evolution of the notion “nation” in Russia from the late 18-th to Soviet time inclusive. He also produces the typologization of ethnic processes concerning two fundamental varieties: dividing (vertical and horizontal conflicts) and unifying (convergence, merger, dissolution). The scholar carried out the research on the material embracing Russian history of the last two centuries based on the census and statistical data. The author describes key stages and specific features of assimilation processes in the world and Russia, its phases and cycles (acculturation, socialization, economic accommodation, self-identification of a full member of the host society). The paper illustrates the manifestations of dividing processes by the case of Russia and examines the sources of conflicts. The author identified three problem areas: socio-economic and socio-status inequality; changes in the ethno-demographic situation; ethno-language relations and problems. The author argues that the whole range of ethno-social and ethno-language issues in Russia is developing against the background of people’s growing interest in ethnic identity.
Retropolitics, Or: Historical Memory, Democracy and Populism
Authors:   Emory University, Koposov Nikolay E.
Published: March 2022

The article examines the genesis and evolution of the phenomenon of historical memory in the context of transformations of political ideologies. The starting point of the analysis was the phenomenon of memory wars in the modern world. The author traces origins and stages of historical memory development in line with the requirements of the democratic political culture in the West. The epoch of memory replaced the age of historically-oriented ideologies (“big narratives”) that started in the Enlightenment. The era of historical memory followed the epoch of future-oriented ideologies, and the promotion of Holocaust in the centre of historical consciousness and the institualization of memory about this event became the symbol of this new era. The author explored the role of national romances, and heroic deeds and categories of the future in the formation of nations played an essential role in them. Causes and manifestations of national romances’ crisis after World War II were also explained. The author showed the linkage of the cultural hegemony of the leftist intelligentsia with the considerable changes in historical consciousness and the emergence of victim-centered culture. The article describes the manifestations of the cult of heritage, the transformation of heritage in one of the principal political ideas of modernity and “the era of commemoration” closely connected with this cult. The paper revealed ambiguous consequences of the rise in historical memory (“memorial boom”) with victims in its core: the release of “big narratives” from power was linked to the decline of future projects; the establishment of a freer and more direct connection with the past (the rise of multiculturalism and the flourishing of group memory) was used by right-wing populists and resulted in a variety of retro politics. The “competition of victims” became the focus of “battles of history”, and today this retro politics draws sharp criticism. The author established the existence of interrelations between the advent of the historical memory epoch and the era of neoliberalism and neoconservatism, on the other. The paper also considers the connection between historical memory and right-wing populism. The differences between the crisis of the future in Russia and other Eastern European countries related to the promotion of right-wing populism to the forefront of political life are revealed.
Factors Influencing the Formation of a Favourable Digital Image of Municipal Employees in Today’s Internet Spacer
Authors:   Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation — Ural Institute of Management, Nikitina Alena S.
Published: March 2022

Nowadays, the digital transformation of the system of state and municipal government is gaining importance and relevance. Under these conditions, the image of a new, “digital official” is being formed, and appears on the Internet increasingly. Research interest in the problems of building a positive digital image of municipal employees in the modern Internet space is growing more and more. The article describes the results of a sociological survey of residents of the city of Yekaterinburg. The research methods included a questionnaire as well as an expert interview. The study revealed the factors influencing the build-up of a favourable image of municipal employees in the modern Internet space. The leaders were the “live” presence of the municipal employees themselves on the media Internet space, information openness, confidential communication between Internet users and municipal employees, open interaction, and active virtual participation of officials in the life of the city, as well as in solving the problems of citizens (including on social networks). It is also important to publish enticing, attractive content about the specific results of the professional activities of municipal employees. The paper formulates the problems arising in the formation of a favourable digital image of municipal employees in the modern Internet space and analyzes ways to solve them. They are: lack of information in the legal field, lack of a unified local government policy in this area, misunderstanding and fear on the part of employees. These challenges reduce the possibilities of the Internet as a tool for shaping the image not only of employees but also of the authority they represent. Skilful use of the Internet can create an atmosphere of respect and trust on the part of residents of the city of Yekaterinburg to the City Administration and municipal service, bring the level of dialogue between citizens and employees to a new level.
The Pandemic Challenge for the Middle East Vector of “One Belt-One Road”: A View from Beijing
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Valiakhmetova Gulnara N. , German Maria A. ,   Fudan University
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes the Chinese approach to risk assessment for the “One Belt, One Road” Initiative (OBOR) in the context of the 2020 global pandemic. Applying for the Middle Eastern case, the authors reveal the contradictory impact of the pandemic crisis on the OBOR international cooperation. Chinese experts consider the main risks for the OBOR Middle East projects implementation are following: increase in the total external debt of the region’s states; significant reduction of their financial resources; interest decrease of international financial institutions in investment support of the OBOR Initiative as a whole; as well as deterioration of the foreign policy atmosphere for certain regional actors. At the same time, according to Beijing, along with the forced decline of China’s economic activity in the Middle East, the pandemic challenge has created new opportunities and perspectives for Chinese regional projects, and also allowed Beijing to significantly expand the toolkit of so-called horizontal diplomacy to promote its integration initiative in this parts of the world. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the risk management mechanisms developed by Beijing for the Middle East OBOR projects. Among the most significant achievements of Chinese policy in the Middle East during the pandemic is the promotion of the Health Silk Road and Digital Silk Road projects. In general, China’s Middle East policy in the context of the 2020 pandemic crisis has confirmed the high effectiveness of the basic principles of modern China’s foreign policy — pragmatism, flexibility, multi-vector approach, and so on. The study was carried out within the framework of a systematic approach and based on official documents and analytical materials of Chinese origin.
The God of Philosophers: An Individual Interpretation of Transcendence and the Problem of Interplay
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Pertsev Aleksandr V. , Melnikova Elena V. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: March 2022

The article discusses the understanding of the Transcendental Beginning in the philosophical teachings of the XIX-XX centuries, which fulfills the function of replacing the deity in them. The authors reveal ad hoc individual motivation for the meeting of a philosopher with the Transcendence. At the same time, it is not always an obvious, sometimes carefully hidden, mutual influence of leading philosophers, which is likely to be contradictory cooperation in polemics reminiscent of theological disputes of the distant past. For every philosopher, what is declared to be universal human values is not conventions, but unshakable constants. At the same time, in a philosophical (as well as in a theological) dispute, they defend even the highest values — universal or divine — as the only possible ones for themselves. The insight into the origin of the world, which gives it a beginning, is considered in the material of the works of A. Schopenhauer, F. Nietzsche, A. Bergson and M. Heidegger (the authors of the article show both similarities and differences in philosophical ideas about the fundamental ontological).
The Weight of Stigma: Representation of a Disabled Person in Russian Contemporary Mass Fiction
Authors:   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nosenko-Stein Elena E.
Published: March 2022

Another corporality has always been perceived differently in various societies in each epoch. Corporality — body and techniques of the body — of a disabled person was usually considered in archaic cultures in a negative perspective. Such a notion existed in European societies in Middle Ages. Since the Renaissance persons with impairments have appeared in art and fiction. Russian mass consciousness has retained a lot of negative stereotypes and labels concerning disabled people and their bodies. These notions and prejudices are often represented in mass fiction — detective stories, love stories, etc. On these pages, the author attempts to anthropologically analyze representations of disabled bodies and techniques of disabled bodies in contemporary Russian detective stories. The author has selected the texts of trendy women’s detective stories of the last two decades for this purpose. Analysis of these stories allows us to conclude that the medical model of disability, which is still widespread in the Russian society, results in profound stigmatization of disability and opposition “disabled person’ — ‘abled person,’ ‘worse people’ — ‘better people.’ Disabled people have worse corporality, worse futures, and worse abilities. Mass fiction is popular, and it not only represent prejudices and fears dealing with impaired persons but also promotes these stereotypes and thus impact on mass consciousness.