bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Foot Structural Changes After Lateral Column Exostectomy in Patients With Charcot Foot
Authors: Molines-Barroso Raúl Juan , Lázaro-Martínez José Luis , Beneit-Montesinos Juan Vicente , Álvaro-Afonso Francisco Javier , García-Morales Esther , García-Álvarez Yolanda
Published: May 2019

Although exostectomy for chronic midfoot plantar ulcers in Charcot foot is apparently effective, with healing rates of nearly 75%, a subset of patients develop recurrent ulceration and show an unstable foot position, especially after undergoing exostectomy confined to the lateral column. The reasons for this failure have not been investigated. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the early changes in radiographic alignment after an exostectomy in patients with Charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy (rocker bottom) and plantar ulcer located in the lateral column. The present study evaluated retrospectively changes in radiographic alignment after an exostectomy in 12 Charcot feet (rocker bottom) with plantar ulcer located in the lateral column. Indication for plantar exostectomy was the treatment of ulcer affected by osteomyelitis. We evaluated the early changes in the alignment of the foot on weight-bearing lateral radiographs 6 months after exostectomy. Paired sample Wilcoxon test was used to calculate the differences between preoperative and postoperative measurements. Furthermore, the relationship between revision surgery and early changes in radiographic angular measurements was determined by using the Mann-Whitney U test. After exostectomy, the inclination of the calcaneal bone decreased ( P = .003; r = 0.849) and declination of talus bone increased ( P = .041; r = 0.589). The change in calcaneal inclination was associated with revision surgery ( P = .042; r = 0.586). The present case series demonstrates that exostectomy procedure for the lateral column in patients with Charcot foot results in radiological changes in the hindfoot over the sagittal plane. The inversion of the calcaneal pitch angle suggests the possibility of further adverse events and the need for revision surgery.
Performance analysis of dual-media cooperative communication based on wireless and power line under hybrid fading
Authors: Chen Zhixiong , Jing Yifang , Han Dongsheng , Wang Lijiao
Published: May 2019

Wireless communication and power line communication are extensively applied in various fields, such as household Internet of things. For cooperative communication of amplify–forward relay using wireless access and power line transmission, the hybrid model of universal Nakagami wireless fading and lognormal power line fading was used in this study. A comparative analysis of similarities between Gamma and lognormal distributions and lognormal distribution characteristics of relay link signal-to-noise ratio was also carried out. Given the deficiencies of lognormal variable add approximation method, lognormal distribution parameters combined computing method based on moment generation function was proposed. Theoretical formulas of outage probability and bit error rate after amplify–forward relay and maximal-ratio combining was derived on the basis of moment generation function of the total output signal-to-noise ratio of the system. Effectiveness and reliability of the algorithm and theoretical formula were verified through simulation, and influence rules of hybrid channel fading and power distribution on the system performance were analyzed.
Concentration of Selected Elements and Antioxidative Potential in a Group of Males Working in the Metal Industry: Elements And Antioxidative Potential In Men
Authors: Charkiewicz Angelika Edyta , Omeljaniuk Wioleta Justyna , Orywal Karolina , Czygier Małgorzata , Szmitkowski Maciej , Mroczko Barbara , Maślach Dominik , Szpak Andrzej
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to show that some elements have a proven antioxidative effect and are essential for the proper development and functioning of the human body. The study also assessed the concentration of selected elements and total antioxidant status (TAS) in a group of male inhabitants of Białystok, Poland, who are professionally active in the metal industry. The study group comprised 163 men aged 55–64 years. The concentration of the analyzed elements was determined using flame (Zn and Cu) and electrothermal (Se, Cd, and Pb) atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrophotometric test kits were used to assay the TAS and glutathione reductase (GR) activity in serum. The results suggested the mean concentration of Se in serum was 54.04 ± 12.10 μg/L, which was below the reference range. A significant negative correlation was observed between the concentration of Se in the serum and Pb and Cd concentrations in the whole blood of the studied men. The concentrations of the other elements, antioxidant potential, and GR activity were within the reference range. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between Pb and Cd, indicating combined exposure and a considerable negative correlation between lead and selenium as well as between lead and TAS. Selenium and TAS are likely to modify the adverse effects of Pb in the bodies of the studied men. The results indicate that it is necessary to constantly monitor men who are occupationally exposed to heavy metals, maintain a healthy lifestyle, and introduce effective preventive measures at a local level.
Mechanism of Metformin on LPS-Induced Bacterial Myocarditis
Authors: Li Minghua , Gou Yawei , Yu Hongmei , Ji Tiefeng , Li Yi , Qin Ling , Sun Wei
Published: May 2019

Aims:

Metformin is commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, in recent years, it was found to play a potential role in the protection of myocardial injury. In this study, we intended to investigate whether metformin had protective effects on bacterial myocarditis.

Methods and Results:

We stimulated rat cardiac myoblast H9c2 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and administrated with metformin. The results showed that cell viability after LPS stimulation was greatly reduced. The expression levels of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), nuclear factor (NF)-κB (NF-κB), BAX, and cleaved Caspase3 were significantly increased, while the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 showed a prominent decrease compared to control. Nevertheless, the cells activity increased remarkably after metformin administration, and the expression levels of intracellular related proteins showed the opposite trend to that of the LPS group.

Conclusion:

We demonstrate that LPS stimulation may activate intracellular MAPK/JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways and thus induce cell apoptosis. In contrast, metformin reduced apoptosis by inhibiting this signaling pathway and increasing the expression level of Bcl-2. Moreover, it was found that metformin could enhance the ability of cells to antagonize redox damage by regulating the activities of superoxide dismutase and lactate dehydrogenase and subsequently promote the recovery of cardiomyocyte function.
Composition and Chemical Variability of Myrtus communis Leaf Oil From Northwestern Algeria
Authors: Bekhechi Chahrazed , Watheq Malti Charaf Eddine , Boussaïd Maghnia , Achouri Imane , Belilet Karima , Gibernau Marc , Casanova Joseph , Tomi Félix
Published: May 2019

Myrtus communis L. is a shrub growing wild in most countries all around the Mediterranean Sea and myrtle leaf oil is useful in the perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. Nowadays, “chemotyped” essential oils are more and more appreciated. Myrtle oil from eastern and central-north Algeria belong to the “α-pinene-cineole” chemotype. In contrast, Moroccan myrtle oil displayed appreciable content of myrtenyl acetate. Therefore, it appeared crucial to investigate the composition of myrtle leaf oil from northwestern Algeria in order to ensure the homogeneity of the composition of Algerian myrtle leaf oil. The chemical composition of 42 oil samples of M. communis isolated from leaves collected in five locations from Tlemcen Province was investigated by gas chromatography (GC) in combination with retention indices, GC-mass spectroscopy, and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Yields ranged between 0.13% and 1.04% (w/w). The chemical composition of the oils was largely dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons, with α-pinene (24.3-59.0%) and 1,8-cineole (13.2-49.5%) being the major compounds followed by limonene (3.2-19.8%). The 42 compositions were submitted to statistical analyses. The combination of hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis allowed the distinction of two groups, the second group being subdivided into two subgroups. Groups and subgroups were differentiated with respect to their contents of α-pinene and 1,8-cineole and, to a lesser extent, of limonene. This study ensures that Algerian myrtle leaf oil belongs to the “α-pinene-cineole” chemotype which displays various biological activities. The observed homogeneity could be a positive point to join the international market of essential oils.
A systematic review on treatment of tardive dyskinesia with valbenazine and deutetrabenazine
Authors: Patel Rikinkumar S. , Mansuri Zeeshan , Motiwala Fatima , Saeed Hina , Jannareddy Namrata , Patel Hiren , Zafar Muhammad Khalid
Published: May 2019

Recent reports state that the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia (TD) is 32% with typical antipsychotics, and 13% with atypical antipsychotics. Current evidence-based recommendations determine an unmet need for efficacious treatment of TD. This systematic review was planned to update the evidence for TD treatment, comparing two vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors, deutetrabenazine (DBZ), and valbenazine (VBZ). Of 75 PubMed search results, 11 studies met the review criteria. Efficacy and tolerability were demonstrated in a series of randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials in our review study, and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale response of ⩾50% reduction in score was robust for VBZ 80 mg/day in short-term and long-term studies. On the contrary, DBZ was equally efficacious at 12 mg twice daily, but additional information about long-term efficacy and persistence of effect is needed.
Dystrophic mineralisation in chronic exogenous lipid pneumonia in cats
Authors: Mallol Claudia , Espada Yvonne , Lloret Albert , Altuzarra Raúl , Anselmi Carlo , Novellas Rosa
Published: May 2019

Case series summary

Exogenous lipid pneumonia with mineralisation of the lung parenchyma was diagnosed in three cats with radiographs, CT and/or bronchoalveolar lavage cytological findings. All three cats had a common clinical history of chronic constipation and long-term forced oral administration of mineral oil. All three cases showed radiographic findings compatible with aspiration pneumonia, with an alveolar pattern in the ventral part of the middle and/or cranial lung lobes. Minor improvement of the radiographic lung pattern in the follow-up studies was seen in two cats, and a miliary ‘sponge-like’ mineralised pattern appeared in the previously affected lung lobes months to years after the diagnosis. In one cat, patchy fat-attenuating areas in the consolidated lung lobes were present on thoracic CT. Cases 1 and 2 showed respiratory signs at the initial presentation, while in case 3 the radiographic findings were incidental and the cat had never exhibited respiratory signs.

Relevance and novel information

This is the first report to describe dystrophic mineralisation of the lung in exogenous lipid pneumonia and also the first to describe the CT features in cats. Exogenous lipid pneumonia should be included in the differential diagnosis in cases of miliary ‘sponge-like’ mineral opacities in the dependent part of the lung lobes on thoracic radiographs or CT in cats, especially in cases of chronic constipation, previously exposed to mineral oil.
Musical Social Entrainment
Authors: Kim Jin Hyun , Reifgerst Andres , Rizzonelli Marta
Published: May 2019

Over the last decade, the concept of entrainment—emerging from the fields of physics and biology—has grown as a tool for investigating rhythmic adjustments among musicians, and between different groups of musicians. When combined with methods of audio data analysis, this approach has benefits for the assessment of musical behavior, previously limited to largely descriptive ethnomusicological research based on ethnographic data collected through field study. However, musical behavior is not only biophysically determined, but also a highly social activity. Therefore, this article focuses on “social entrainment”—a concept coined by the social scientists Joseph E. McGrath and Janice R. Kelly in 1986 which recently has been taken up in music research. Relating this concept to certain approaches in relevant current empirical studies on interpersonal coordination, the authors develop their own categories of social behavior, which are broader than those of social entrainment but can accordingly be applied to the social entrainment that may occur in musical practices. These categories range from basic behaviors that do not involve social cognition but are meaningful to interacting individuals and groups, to high-order social behaviors that require collective intentionality and can lead to sophisticated interaction involving music-specific phenomena such as a “groove.” Consequently, a concept of entrainment which goes beyond both an adaptation of the established concept of physical and biological entrainment and McGrath and Kelly’s original concept of social entrainment is proposed: “musical social entrainment.” The authors use this term to refer to intra-individual, inter-individual, intra-group, and inter-group entrainment to exogenous musical rhythms—including the rhythms of other musically acting individuals and groups—embedded in a social context and contributing to sociality. Finally, reviewing selected studies relevant to musical social entrainment, the authors discuss problems and open questions concerning music-related entrainment research, and potential contributions in the future of entrainment studies in general.
Promoting Basic Need Satisfaction at Workplace: The Relevance of Mindfulness in Support of Job Performance of Employees
Authors: Tiwari Sunita , Garg Pooja
Published: May 2019

The main objective of the study is to empirically explain the relationship between the construct mindfulness (MDF) and the job performance (JP) of employees. This study also examines the mediating effect of basic need satisfaction at work (BNS-W), between the MDF and JP of employees. The sample comprises responses from 327 employees working in IT companies based in India. Correlation and hierarchical regression analysis were employed to analyze the proposed measurement model. The results show a significant relationship among the study variables. BNS which is one of the concepts of self-determination theory (SDT), found partially mediated the relationship between MDF and JP of the employees. Examining the relationship between MDF and basic psychological need satisfaction on the JP has significant implications for organizations. The proposed study framework can be utilized by the researchers and human resource practitioner to reframe the organizational practices. First, the general understanding of the relationship between MDF and JP is limited in literature. Second, the study extends the previous research by investigating the mediating effect of BNS, a concept within SDT, on the relationship between MDF and JP.
The simpler, the better: oral arsenic for acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Zhu Hong-Hu , Hu Jiong , Lo-Coco Francesco , Jin Jie
Published: May 2019

Arsenic trioxide and all-trans retinoic acid have become the frontline treatments for patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Despite the long wait for an oral arsenic drug, a commercially available agent, realgar–indigo naturalis formula (RIF), was not launched in China until 2009. Since then, over 5000 APL patients have been treated with oral RIF in China. Oral arsenic not only shows a clinical efficacy comparable to that of IV formulations but also displays a better safety profile, improved quality of life, and lower medical costs for patients. The promising results promote incorporating an outpatient postremission therapy model into clinical practice for both low-risk and high-risk APL patients in China. In this review, we discuss the evolution of oral arsenic RIF in the treatment of APL, with a special focus on how to address the related complications during induction therapy.
The effect of social connectedness on consumer adoption of social commerce in apparel shopping
Authors: Cho Eunjoo , Son Jihyeong
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of social connectedness on social media users’ attitudes and intentions towards adopting social commerce in the technology acceptance model (TAM). Data collected from young adult social media users (n = 446) in the US support the proposed model. A structural equation model shows that social connectedness positively influences social media users’ perceptions of ease of use, usefulness, and enjoyment, which in turn, influence their attitudes and intentions towards adopting social commerce in apparel shopping. The impact of social connectedness is stronger on perceived ease of use than other TAM variables. Perceived enjoyment has the strongest impact on attitudes, and attitudes strongly influence consumer intentions for adopting social commerce for apparel purchases. Results of this study reveal that social connectedness enhances social media users’ perceptions of social commerce and positively leads to the adoption of social commerce in apparel shopping. Findings indicate that social connectedness has an indirect effect on attitudes towards social commerce through utilitarian (i.e., ease of use and usefulness) and hedonic (i.e., enjoyment) perceptions of social commerce. These findings highlight the importance of social connectedness through utilitarian and hedonic perceptions in enhancing consumers’ adoption of social commerce for purchasing apparel products.
Determining the Cancer Diagnostic Interval Using Administrative Health Care Data in a Breast Cancer Cohort
Authors: Groome Patti A. , Webber Colleen , Whitehead Marlo , Moineddin Rahim , Grunfeld Eva , Eisen Andrea , Gilbert Julie , Holloway Claire , Irish Jonathan C. , Langley Hugh
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE

Population-based administrative health care data could be a valuable resource with which to study the cancer diagnostic interval. The objective of the current study was to determine the first encounter in the diagnostic interval and compute that interval in a cohort of patients with breast cancer using an empirical approach.

METHODS

This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with breast cancer diagnosed in Ontario, Canada, between 2007 and 2015. We used cancer registry, physician claims, hospital discharge, and emergency department visit data to identify and categorize cancer-related encounters that were more common in the three months before diagnosis. We used statistical control charts to define lookback periods for each encounter category. We identified the earliest cancer-related encounter that marked the start of the diagnostic interval. The end of the interval was the cancer diagnosis date.

RESULTS

The final cohort included 69,717 patients with breast cancer. We identified an initial encounter in 97.8% of patients. Median diagnostic interval was 36 days (interquartile range [IQR], 19 to 71 days). Median interval decreased with increasing stage at diagnosis and varied across initial encounter categories, from 9 days (IQR, 1 to 35 days) for encounters with other cancer as the diagnosis to 231 days (IQR 77 to 311 days) for encounters with cyst aspiration or drainage as the procedure.

CONCLUSION

Diagnostic interval research can inform early detection guidelines and assess the success of diagnostic assessment programs. Use of administrative data for this purpose is a powerful tool for improving diagnostic processes at the population level.
Improved Interpretability of Machine Learning Model Using Unsupervised Clustering: Predicting Time to First Treatment in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Chen David , Goyal Gaurav , Go Ronald S. , Parikh Sameer A. , Ngufor Che G.
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE

Time to event is an important aspect of clinical decision making. This is particularly true when diseases have highly heterogeneous presentations and prognoses, as in chronic lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL). Although machine learning methods can readily learn complex nonlinear relationships, many methods are criticized as inadequate because of limited interpretability. We propose using unsupervised clustering of the continuous output of machine learning models to provide discrete risk stratification for predicting time to first treatment in a cohort of patients with CLL.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A total of 737 treatment-naïve patients with CLL diagnosed at Mayo Clinic were included in this study. We compared predictive abilities for two survival models (Cox proportional hazards and random survival forest) and four classification methods (logistic regression, support vector machines, random forest, and gradient boosting machine). Probability of treatment was then stratified.

RESULTS

Machine learning methods did not yield significantly more accurate predictions of time to first treatment. However, automated risk stratification provided by clustering was able to better differentiate patients who were at risk for treatment within 1 year than models developed using standard survival analysis techniques.

CONCLUSION

Clustering the posterior probabilities of machine learning models provides a way to better interpret machine learning models.
Positron Emission Tomography Score Has Greater Prognostic Significance Than Pretreatment Risk Stratification in Early-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma in the UK RAPID Study
Authors: Barrington Sally F. , Phillips Elizabeth H. , Counsell Nicholas , Hancock Barry , Pettengell Ruth , Johnson Peter , Townsend William , Culligan Dominic , Popova Bilyana , Clifton-Hadley Laura , McMillan Andrew , Hoskin Peter , O’Doherty Michael J. , Illidge Tim , Radford John
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE

Accurate stratification of patients is an important goal in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), but the role of pretreatment clinical risk stratification in the context of positron emission tomography (PET) –adapted treatment is unclear. We performed a subsidiary analysis of the RAPID trial to assess the prognostic value of pretreatment risk factors and PET score in determining outcomes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients with stage IA to IIA HL and no mediastinal bulk underwent PET assessment after three cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine; 143 PET-positive patients (PET score, 3 to 5) received a fourth doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine cycle and involved-field radiotherapy, and 419 patients in complete metabolic remission were randomly assigned to receive involved-field radiotherapy (n = 208) or no additional treatment (n = 211). Cox regression was used to investigate the association between PET score and pretreatment risk factors with HL-specific event-free survival (EFS).

RESULTS

High PET score was associated with inferior EFS, before ( P < .001) and after adjustment ( P = .01) for baseline risk stratification. Only patients with a postchemotherapy PET score of 5 (uptake ≥ three times maximum liver uptake) had an increased risk of progression or HL-related death (hazard ratio, 9.4 v score of 3; 95% CI, 2.8 to 31.3 and hazard ratio, 6.7 v score of 4; 95% CI, 1.4 to 31.7). Patients with a PET score of 5 also had inferior progression-free and overall survival. There was no association between European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer or German Hodgkin Study Group risk group and EFS, before or after adjusting for PET score (all P > .4).

CONCLUSION

In RAPID, a positive PET scan did not carry uniform prognostic weight; only a PET score of 5 was associated with inferior outcomes. This suggests that in future trials involving patients without B symptoms or mediastinal bulk, a score of 5 rather than a positive PET result should be used to guide treatment escalation in early-stage HL.
WITHDRAWN: GLP-1 Has an Anti-Inflammatory Effect on Adipose Tissue Expression of Cytokines, Chemokines, and Receptors in Obese Women
Authors: Manning P J , Dixit P , Satthenapalli V R , Katare R , Sutherland W H F
Published: May 2019

The above-named article by Manning PJ, Dixit P, Satthenapalli VR, Katare R, and Sutherland WHF (J Clin Endocrinol Metab. [published online ahead of print 21 May 2019]; doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-00197) has been withdrawn by the authors.

The authors report, “The reason for this decision is that the statistical methodology we used did not adequately limit the impact of outlier data points on our findings. This was evident after reanalysis of the data using a different method.”

doi: 10.1210/jc.2019-01393
Comprehensive Analysis of Circulating miRNAs in the Plasma of Patients With Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Németh Kinga , Darvasi Ottó , Likó István , Szücs Nikolette , Czirják Sándor , Reiniger Lilla , Szabó Borbála , Krokker Lilla , Pállinger Éva , Igaz Péter , Patócs Attila , Butz Henriett
Published: May 2019

Background

Circulating miRNAs in pituitary adenomas would improve patient care, especially as minimally invasive biomarkers of tumor recurrence and progression in nonfunctioning adenoma cases.

Aim

Our aim was to investigate plasma miRNA profiles in patients with pituitary adenomas.

Materials and Methods

A total of 149 plasma and extracellular vesicle (preoperative, early postoperative, and late postoperative) samples were collected from 45 patients with pituitary adenomas. Adenomas were characterized on the basis of anterior pituitary hormones and transcription factors by immunostaining. miRNA next-generation sequencing was performed on 36 samples (discovery set). Individual TaqMan assays were used for validation on an extended sample set. Pituitary adenoma tissue miRNAs were evaluated by TaqMan array and data in the literature.

Results

Global downregulation of miRNA expression was observed in plasma samples of pituitary adenomas compared with normal samples. Expression of 29 miRNAs and isomiR variants were able to distinguish preoperative plasma samples from normal controls. miRNAs with altered expression in both plasma and different adenoma tissues were identified. Three, seven, and 66 miRNAs expressed differentially between preoperative and postoperative plasma samples in GH-secreting, FSH/LH+, and hormone-immunonegative groups, respectively. miR‒143-3p was downregulated in late postoperative but not in early postoperative plasma samples compared with preoperative ones exclusively in FSH/LH+ adenomas. The plasma level of miR‒143-3p discriminated these samples with 81.8% sensitivity and 72.3% specificity (area under the curve = 0.79; P = 0.02).

Conclusions

Differentially expressed miRNAs in pituitary adenoma tissues have low abundance in plasma, minimizing their role as biomarkers. Plasma miR‒143-3p level decreased in patients with FSH/LH+ adenomas, indicating successful surgery, but its application for evaluating tumor recurrence needs further investigation.
Unique Inflammatory Changes in Exocrine and Endocrine Pancreas in Enterovirus-Induced Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Takita Mikako , Jimbo Erika , Fukui Tomoyasu , Aida Kaoru , Shimada Akira , Oikawa Yoichi , Yagihashi Soroku , Miura Junnosuke , Babazono Tetsuya , Kobayashi Tetsuro
Published: May 2019

Context

There are scant reports on the pathological changes of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas in fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1DM).

Objective

To clarify the distinct pathological changes in the exocrine as well as the endocrine pancreas shortly after onset of diabetes in FT1DM.

Design

The exocrine and endocrine pancreases of 3 patients with FT1DM and 17 nondiabetic controls were immunohistochemically examined for islet and exocrine tissue inflammation, infiltrating mononuclear cell (MNC) CD subtype, enterovirus capsid protein 1 (VP1) localization, and CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) expressions.

Results

The median frequency of insulitis in the 3 FT1DM pancreases was 60%. In the nondiabetic control pancreases, no insulitis was observed. In the islets of FT1DM, the numbers of CD45+, CD3+, CD8+, CD68+, and CD11c+ MNCs were significantly higher than those of the control group. In the exocrine pancreas of FT1DM, the numbers of CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD68+ macrophages, and CD11c+ dendritic cells were significantly higher than those of the control group. Infiltrating CD8+ T cells, CD68+ macrophages, and CD11c+ dendritic cells were observed around exocrine acinar cells in FT1DM. There was a close association between VP1 and CXCL10 expression in pancreatic exocrine ductal cells and acinar cells as well as islet cells in FT1DM. CXCL10+ exocrine cells were surrounded by CXCR3+ T cells.

Conclusion

The pathological findings suggested that suppression of the activated CXCL10–CXCR3 axis in the exocrine as well as the endocrine pancreas is a novel therapeutic target in FT1DM and possibly in enterovirus-associated acute-onset type 1 diabetes.
Insulin Stimulates GLUT4 Trafficking to the Syncytiotrophoblast Basal Plasma Membrane in the Human Placenta
Authors: James-Allan Laura B , Arbet Jaron , Teal Stephanie B , Powell Theresa L , Jansson Thomas
Published: May 2019

Context

Placental transport capacity influences fetal glucose supply. The syncytiotrophoblast is the transporting epithelium in the human placenta, expressing glucose transporters (GLUTs) and insulin receptors (IRs) in its maternal-facing microvillous plasma membrane (MVM) and fetal-facing basal plasma membrane (BM).

Objective

The objectives of this study were to (i) determine the expression of the insulin-sensitive GLUT4 glucose transporter and IR in the syncytiotrophoblast plasma membranes across gestation in normal pregnancy and in pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity, and (ii) assess the effect of insulin on GLUT4 plasma membrane trafficking in human placental explants.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Placental tissue was collected across gestation from women with normal body mass index (BMI) and mothers with obesity with appropriate for gestational age and macrosomic infants. MVM and BM were isolated.

Main Outcome Measures

Protein expression of GLUT4, GLUT1, and IR were determined by western blot.

Results

GLUT4 was exclusively expressed in the BM, and IR was predominantly expressed in the MVM, with increasing expression across gestation. BM GLUT1 expression was increased and BM GLUT4 expression was decreased in women with obesity delivering macrosomic babies. In placental villous explants, incubation with insulin stimulated Akt (S473) phosphorylation (+76%, P = 0.0003, n = 13) independent of maternal BMI and increased BM GLUT4 protein expression (+77%, P = 0.0013, n = 7) in placentas from lean women but not women with obesity.

Conclusion

We propose that maternal insulin stimulates placental glucose transport by promoting GLUT4 trafficking to the BM, which may enhance glucose transfer to the fetus in response to postprandial hyperinsulinemia in women with normal BMI.
Cortisol Secretion, Sensitivity, and Activity Are Associated With Hypertension in Postmenopausal Eucortisolemic Women
Authors: Chiodini Iacopo , Gaudio Agostino , Eller-Vainicher Cristina , Morelli Valentina , Aresta Carmen , Zhukouskaya Volha V , Merlotti Daniela , Orsi Emanuela , Barbieri Anna Maria , Fustinoni Silvia , Polledri Elisa , Gennari Luigi , Falchetti Alberto , Carnevale Vincenzo , Persani Luca , Scillitani Alfredo
Published: May 2019

Context

Previous data suggest a possible association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and fragility fractures (FX) with the degree of glucocorticoid suppressibility (GCS) and peripheral activation or sensitivity even in persons without hypercortisolemia.

Objective

To investigate whether the degree of GCS, GC sensitivity, and peripheral activation in persons without overt or mild hypercortisolism are associated with hypertension and with the number of the possible consequences of cortisol excess among patients with T2D, fragility FX, and hypertension.

Design

Case-control study.

Setting

Outpatient clinic.

Patients

A total of 216 postmenopausal women without hypercortisolemia (age, 50 to 80 years; 108 with hypertension); 68 and 99 patients had fragility FX and T2D, respectively

Main outcome measures

We assessed 24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFF), cortisone (UFE), their ratio (R-UFF/UFE), (F-1mgDST), and the GC receptor N363S single-nucleotide polymorphism (N363S-SNP).

Results

Hypertension was associated with F-1 mgDST [odds ratio (OR), 3.3; 95% CI, 1.5 to 7.5; P = 0.004) and R-UFF/UFE (OR, 101.7; 95% CI, 2.6 to 4004.1; P = 0.014), regardless of age, body mass index, and presence of the N363S single nucleotide polymorphism and of T2D. The progressive increase in the number of possible consequences of cortisol excess was significantly associated with F-1mgDST levels (R2 = 0.125; P = 0.04), R-UFF/UFE (R2 = 0.46; P = 0.02), and the prevalence of N363S heterozygous variant (T = 0.46; P = 0.015), after adjustment for age.

Conclusions

In postmenopausal women without hypercortisolemia, hypertension is associated with GCS and GC peripheral activation. The number of possible consequences of cortisol excess (among patients with hypertension, T2D, and fragility FX) is associated with GCS, GC peripheral activation, and the prevalence of the N363S heterozygous variant.
Height Velocity Defined Metabolic Control in Children With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Using Urinary Steroid GC-MS Analysis
Authors: Kamrath Clemens , Wettstaedt Lisa , Hartmann Michaela F , Wudy Stefan A
Published: May 2019

Background

Treatment of children with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) with glucocorticoids is a difficult balance between hypercortisolism and hyperandrogenism. Biochemical monitoring of treatment is not well defined. Achievement of a normal growth rate is the most important therapeutic goal.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 123 24-hour gas chromatography–mass spectrometry urinary steroid metabolome analyses together with their corresponding 1-year height velocity (HV) z scores in 63 prepubertal children aged 7.2 ± 1.6 years with classic CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency treated with hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone.

Results

Multivariate linear mixed effects model analysis revealed a positive influence of CAH-specific z scores of summed urinary androgen metabolites (B = 0.97 ± 0.20, t = 4.87, P < 0.0001) and a negative influence of the cortisol metabolite tetrahydrocortisol (B = −1.75 ± 0.79, t = −2.20, P = 0.03) on HV z scores. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that adrenal androgen excess, defined as HV >1.5 z, was best determined by a z score of all urinary androgen metabolites of >0.512 [accuracy, 66.2%; sensitivity, 57.1%; specificity, 74.4%; positive prediction value (PPV), 66.7%; negative prediction value (NPV), 65.9%]. Tetrahydrocortisol excretion >1480 µg/m2 BSA/d in conjunction with suppressed urinary androgen metabolites <0.163 z indicated overtreatment, defined as HV < −1.5 z (accuracy, 79.6%; sensitivity, 40.0%; specificity, 94.9%; PPV, 75.0%; NPV, 80.4%).

Conclusion

We established target values for urinary steroid metabolite excretions in children with CAH based on their growth rate. Urinary steroid metabolome analysis represents a highly suitable method for monitoring metabolic control in children with CAH.
Regulation of Cdc42 and its effectors in epithelial morphogenesis
Authors: Pichaud Franck , Walther Rhian F. , Nunes de Almeida Francisca
Published: May 2019

Cdc42 – a member of the small Rho GTPase family – regulates cell polarity across organisms from yeast to humans. It is an essential regulator of polarized morphogenesis in epithelial cells, through coordination of apical membrane morphogenesis, lumen formation and junction maturation. In parallel, work in yeast and Caenorhabditis elegans has provided important clues as to how this molecular switch can generate and regulate polarity through localized activation or inhibition, and cytoskeleton regulation. Recent studies have revealed how important and complex these regulations can be during epithelial morphogenesis. This complexity is mirrored by the fact that Cdc42 can exert its function through many effector proteins. In epithelial cells, these include atypical PKC (aPKC, also known as PKC-3), the P21-activated kinase (PAK) family, myotonic dystrophy-related Cdc42 binding kinase beta (MRCKβ, also known as CDC42BPB) and neural Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASp, also known as WASL). Here, we review how the spatial regulation of Cdc42 promotes polarity and polarized morphogenesis of the plasma membrane, with a focus on the epithelial cell type.
A CORTINA DE FUMAÇA NA INCLUSÃO DE ALUNOS COM DEFICIÊNCIA
Authors: Costa Daniel Da Silva , Oliveira Glaucimara Pires
Published: May 2019

Resumo: Este artigo proporciona uma reflexão crítica sobre a inclusão escolar de alunos com deficiência. Tem como objetivos apresentar e discutir a realidade de um complexo de ações presentes nas instituições educacionais que operam de forma impeditiva para o aprendizado destes estudantes. A partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, foram elencadas sete condutas que fomentam questionamentos sobre discursos, práticas e atitudes recorrentes na Educação. Concluiu-se, a partir dos referenciais analisados, que há uma incongruência entre a oferta de ensino de qualidade e a prática educacional para a inclusão dos alunos com deficiência, e que há necessidade de refletir sobre essa realidade a fim de que haja avanços significativos no ensino-aprendizagem desses alunos.Palavras-chave: Inclusão Escolar; Educação Especial; Deficiência.
NAVEGAR NAS ÁGUAS DA SOCIOEDUCAÇÃO: UM APROFUNDAMENTO SOBRE GÊNERO, SEXUALIDADES E MASCULINIDADES
Authors: Faustino Sandra Regina Oliveira
Published: May 2019

Resumo: O artigo examinou a relação entre educação em sexualidades, gênero e a construção/desconstrução social do estereótipo masculino em duas unidades socioeducativas do DEGASE de privação de liberdade no Rio de Janeiro/RJ. Tem sua importância na contribuição para os estudos de gênero e melhoria do diálogo acadêmico com os socioeducadores e socioeducandos sobre gênero, sexualidades e masculinidades. Foram úteis bibliografias, questionários, entrevistas e observações. A investigação apontou para o silenciamento dos temas, preconceito contra a comunidade LGBT, práticas sexistas e homo/transfóbicas, machismo e violência física, verbal e simbólica. É imprescindível o diálogo e práticas pedagógicas para desconstruir a visão naturalizada do masculino e melhorar as condições de igualdade nas relações humanas.Palavras-chave: Socioeducação; Gênero; Sexualidades; Masculinidades.
Costume on film: How the femme fatale’s wardrobe scripted the pictorial style of 1940s film noir
Authors: Colpaert Lisa
Published: May 2019

The character of the femme fatale and the visual style of film noir are vital elements in our understanding of that genre. Film costumes worn by the femme fatale are crucial, and are defining elements in genre recognition precisely because of their explicit cinematic visualization, rather than functioning as unequivocal signs. This article proposes a methodology for film costume researchers to conduct a pictorial analysis, without necessarily analysing film costume in terms of a meaning-making repertoire adhering to our understanding of film as a ‘language’. In the proposition of a framework for the close textual analysis of film costumes, the methodology is based on the triangulation of a shot-by-shot description, a wardrobe breakdown and an examination of production stills. This triangulation is crucial to understand the complexity of film costumes, which are defined by a wide-ranging set of factors such as: the film industry’s mode of production, the film costume’s relation to the fashion of its time, the body and star image of the actor, the work of the costume designer and his/her department, and the film-specificity. The ways in which a film costume functions in a specific shot will prove to be an important tool to analyse the pictorial characteristics of film noir and the femme fatale. To exemplify to methodology, this article proposes a close reading of an iconic film costume designed for one of the best-known performances of such a character, i.e. the white jumpsuit designed by Edith Head for Barbara Stanwyck in the closing scene of Billy Wilder’s Double Indemnity (1944).
Ensino de Biologia e transsexualidade
Authors: Santos Sandro Prado , Silva Elenita Pinheiro de Queiroz
Published: May 2019

O artigo, parte de uma tese de doutorado defendida em 2018 no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, defende que apesar de a disciplina escolar Biologia e de os cursos de formação docente em Ciências Biológicas serem, em geral, demarcados pela ideia da organização, da classificação, das representações anatómo-fisiológicas e genética do que pode ser entendido como masculino e feminino, é possível que outros modos, ideias, demarcações, sejam pensados e vividos nessa disciplina e na realização desses cursos. Neste trabalho, cuja pesquisa inicial está inserida no campo dos estudos que entrelaçam gênero, corpo, transexualidade e ensino de Biologia, apresenta-se análises e um diálogos-entrevista com docente de Biologia da rede pública do Estado de Minas Gerais. Configuramos enfrentamentos e dificuldades para com a ruptura de modelos duros do ensino de Biologia. Ao final, apontamos que outro ensino e outra educação em biologia são possíveis.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ensino de Biologia. Transexualidade. Gênero. Educação.
Dando significado às coisas: por uma arqueologia antropológica nos estudos interpretativos da tecnologia indígena numa perspectiva interdisciplinar e regional
Authors: Rodrigues Robson
Published: May 2019

A compreensão dos diferentes aspectos espaço/temporais das ocupações humanas em contextos regionais deve ser estabelecida a partir de relações interdisciplinares que têm na Arqueologia um eixo que permite definir modelos interpretativos que admitem múltiplas variações na análise das escolhas empreendidas pelos agentes produtores de artefatos no interior dos grupos étnicos. A Etnoarqueologia, neste contexto, se constitui como uma das possibilidades para se estabelecer uma aproximação entre a Arqueologia e a Antropologia, pois cria as condições para a realização de uma análise dos estilos tecnológicos que se encontram presentes nas dinâmicas culturais indígenas, bem como permite o entendimento das relações existentes entre o comportamento humano e os vestígios materiais encontrados no registro arqueológico.
Impactación ruminal y abomasal en vacas de cría asociada al consumo de una pastura diferida de Megathyrsus maximus cv. Gatton
Authors: AVELLANEDA-CÁCERES Agustín , NAVARRO Jorge A. , MICHELOUD Juan F.
Published: May 2019

La impactación ruminal y abomasal es una afección de los rumiantes que se produce cuando estos consumen un alimento de muy baja digestibilidad y bajo contenido proteico y energético. En este trabajo, se describe una mortandad debido a esta afección, en vacas de cría en el Noroeste argentino. La pastura donde los animales permanecían correspondía a Megathyrsus maximus cv. Gatton, vulgarmente más conocido como “Gatton Panic”. Los signos clínicos fueron anorexia, pérdida de estado hasta que los animales cayeron sin posibilidades de incorporarse y posteriormente morían. El diagnóstico se confirmó por los antecedentes clínicos, patológicos y epidemiológicos sumados al análisis de la pastura. El cuadro de impactación ruminal y abomasal está bien descripto en la bibliografía, pero ha sido poco reportado en Argentina.
An interview with Toru Nikaido
Authors: Nikaido Toru , Giannini Marcelo , Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes
Published: May 2019

Dr. Nikaido formou-se como cirurgião-dentista na Universidade de Hokkaido, em 1985. No ano de 1990, finalizou o seu PhD na Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), sob a supervisão do Professor Dr. Nobuo Nakabayashi. Até o ano passado, foi professor, com cargo de “Senior Lecturer”, na área de Saúde Oral da Escola de Graduação de Ciências Médicas e Odontológicas da TMDU. Neste ano de 2019, transferiu-se para a Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de Asahi, cidade de Gifu, Japão, onde trabalha na divisão Oral Functional Science and Rehabilitation do Departamento de Dentística Operatória. Seus tópicos de pesquisa abordam aspectos básicos e clínicos da Odontologia Adesiva, Dentística Operatória e Odontologia Preventiva. Ele faz parte do conselho editorial de revistas científicas como Dental Materials Journal e Journal of Adhesive Dentistry. Atualmente, é o editor associado do Asian Pacific Journal of Dentistry. Foi cientista convidado no National Institute of Standards and Technology, EUA, em 1995. Foi professor visitante da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brasil, em 2003, e da Universidade Chulalongkorn, na Tailândia, em 2008. Já publicou mais de 150 artigos de alto nível científico.

Marcelo Giannini – coordenador da entrevista
Accuracy analysis of free-handed implant placement compared to a dynamic navigation system
Authors: Emery Robert William , Silva Rossano Vinícius Dala Rosa , Tavares Breno Monteiro , Sheikh Ali , Puppin Andre Alberto Camara
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a precisão da posição de entrada, apical e angular da instalação de implantes utilizando um sistema guiado através de navegação dinâmica, e compará-lo à técnica sem utilização de guias, realizando cirurgias em ambientes clinicamente simulados. O estudo contemplou as medidas de precisão geral da instalação de implantes, realizada por estudantes de Odontologia utilizando planejamento virtual em modelos dentados. Métodos: dois estudantes de Odontologia sem experiência prévia em Implantodontia instalaram 44 implantes em modelos de mandíbula e maxila. O planejamento de todos os implantes foi realizado virtualmente. As imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) foram importadas para um software e sobrepostas para realizar o planejamento virtual. Os primeiros 22 implantes foram instalados utilizando a técnica sem assistência. Os 22 implantes restantes foram instalados utilizando-se um sistema de navegação dinâmica. Novas tomadas tomográficas foram realizadas após a instalação dos implantes. Os dados das TCFCs de planejamento pré-operatório e pós-cirúrgicas foram enviados para análise comparativa. As técnicas guiada e livre foram comparadas entre si e também com a literatura sobre implantes instalados em modelos usando sistemas de guias estáticos e dinâmicos. Resultados: os implantes instalados utilizando o sistema de navegação dinâmica foram significativamente mais precisos, quando comparado à técnica livre. Conclusão: a cirurgia guiada por navegação dinâmica é precisa, promissora e de fácil aprendizado para cirurgiões-dentistas em início de carreira.