bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thiosemicarbazone organocatalysis: tetrahydropyranylation and 2-deoxygalactosylation reactions and kinetics-based mechanistic investigation
Authors: Larsen Dennis , Langhorn Line M. , Akselsen Olivia M. , Nielsen Bjarne E. , Pittelkow Michael
Published: October 2017

Thiosemicarbazones are introduced as a new class of highly tunable and efficient organocatalysts. We showcase this by studies of the tetrahydropyranylation reaction, where insights to the mechanism was achieved by a double Hammett analysis of both the substrate and the catalyst.
A flexible all inorganic nanowire bilayer mesh as a high-performance lithium-ion battery anode
Authors: Chang Wei-Chung , Kao Tzu-Lun , Lin Yow , Tuan Hsing-Yu
Published: October 2017

A flexible all inorganic Ge/Cu nanowire bilayer mesh as lithium-ion battery anodes of high practical areal, gravimetric, and volumetric capacities was fabricated.
Nitrogen–phosphorus co-doped hollow carbon microspheres with hierarchical micro–meso–macroporous shells as efficient electrodes for supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Ning , Liu Feng , Xu Shi-Da , Wang Feng-Yun , Yu Qing , Liu Lei
Published: October 2017

Nitrogen–phosphorus co-doped hollow carbon microspheres with hierarchical micro–meso–macroporous shells were fabricated through co-assembly of SiO2nanospheres and melamine–formaldehyde resin.
All inkjet-printed graphene-based conductive patterns for wearable e-textile applications
Authors: Karim Nazmul , Afroj Shaila , Malandraki Andromachi , Butterworth Sean , Beach Christopher , Rigout Muriel , Novoselov Kostya S. , Casson Alexander J. , Yeates Stephen G.
Published: October 2017

We report inkjet printing of an organic nanoparticle-based surface pre-treatment onto textiles to enable all inkjet-printed graphene e-textiles.
Self-assembly of a fluorescent galunamide derivative and sensing of acid vapor and mechanical force stimuli
Authors: Xue Pengchong , Yao Boqi , Shen Yanbing , Gao Hongqiang
Published: October 2017

A galunamide derivative can quantitatively sense acid vapor in a xerogel film state and change its fluorescence color under mechanical force stimuli.
Characterization of the structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of fullerene mixtures: a molecular simulations description
Authors: Tummala Naga Rajesh , Aziz Saadullah G. , Coropceanu Veaceslav , Bredas Jean-Luc
Published: October 2017

We investigate mixtures of fullerenes and fullerene derivatives, the most commonly used electron accepting materials in organic solar cells, by using a combination of molecular dynamics and density functional theory methods.
Enhanced performance of polymer solar cells based on PTB7-Th:PC71BM by doping with 1-bromo-4-nitrobenzene
Authors: Fan Rui , Huai Zhaoxiang , Sun Yansheng , Li Xiaowei , Fu Guangsheng , Huang Shahua , Wang Lixin , Yang Shaopeng
Published: October 2017

A fluorescence inhibitor 1-bromo-4-nitrobenzene was introduced into the PTB7-Th:PC71BM active layer to prepare an organic solar cell that exhibited a high PCE of 8.95%.
Increased galectin-3 levels are associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm progression and inhibition of galectin-3 decreases elastase-induced AAA development
Authors: Fernandez-García Carlos-Ernesto , Tarin Carlos , Roldan-Montero Raquel , Martinez-Lopez Diego , Torres-Fonseca Monica , Lindhot Jes S. , Vega de Ceniga Melina , Egido Jesus , Lopez-Andres Natalia , Blanco-Colio Luis-Miguel , Martín-Ventura Jose-Luis
Published: October 2017

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) evolution is unpredictable and no specific treatment exists for AAA, except surgery to prevent aortic rupture. Galectin-3 has been previously associated with CVD, but its potential role in AAA has not been addressed. Galectin-3 levels were increased in the plasma of AAA patients (n=225) compared with the control group (n=100). In addition, galectin-3 concentrations were associated with the need for surgical repair, independently of potential confounding factors. Galectin-3 mRNA and protein expression were increased in human AAA samples compared with healthy aortas. Experimental AAA in mice was induced via aortic elastase perfusion. Mice were treated intravenously with the galectin-3 inhibitor modified citrus pectin (MCP, 10 mg/kg, every other day) or saline. Similar to humans, galectin-3 serum and aortic mRNA levels were also increased in elastase-induced AAA mice compared with control mice. Mice treated with MCP showed decreased aortic dilation, as well as elastin degradation, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) loss, and macrophage content at day 14 postelastase perfusion compared with control mice. The underlying mechanism(s) of the protective effect of MCP was associated with a decrease in galectin-3 and cytokine (mainly CCL5) mRNA and protein expression. Interestingly, galectin-3 induced CCL5 expression by a mechanism involving STAT3 activation in VSMC. Accordingly, MCP treatment decreased STAT3 phosphorylation in elastase-induced AAA. In conclusion, increased galectin-3 levels are associated with AAA progression, while galectin-3 inhibition decreased experimental AAA development. Our data suggest the potential role of galectin-3 as a therapeutic target in AAA.
Moving beyond the optimal transmission switching: stochastic linearised SCUC for the integration of wind power generation and equipment failures uncertainties
Authors: Nikoobakht Ahmad , Aghaei Jamshid , Mardaneh Mohammad , Niknam Taher , Vahidinasab Vahid
Published: October 2017

This study recommends a stochastic optimization model for the security constrained unit commitment (SCUC), which incorporates the optimal transmission switching (OTS) for managing the uncertainty of wind power generation and equipment failures, i.e. unit/line outages. Also, this study presents a technique in stochastic SCUC model with the OTS action using the AC optimal power flow (AC OPF). The AC OPF provides a more accurate picture of power flow in the power system compared to the DC optimal power flow that is usually considered in the literature for the stochastic SCUC models and the OTS action. While the stochastic SCUC model with the OTS action based on AC OPF is a mixed‐integer non‐linear programming model, this study transforms it into a mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) model. The MILP approach uses a piecewise linear model of AC OPF, which allows the reactive power and voltage to be considered directly in power flow model. The proposed stochastic SCUC problem is evaluated on the 6 bus, IEEE 118‐bus and 662‐bus test systems in pre‐ and post‐OTS action. Obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Combined imaging matching method of side scan sonar images with prior position knowledge
Authors: Tao Weiliang , Liu Yan
Published: October 2017

Side scan sonar (SSS) image matching plays an important role in underwater applications, such as combining images to form wide range relief images, underwater simultaneous location and mapping, and construction of images of underwater terrain and objects. Because there are differences between the imaging mechanisms of SSS images and optical images, current matching algorithms for optical images do not always work well for SSS images. This study proposes a combined image matching approach for SSS images. First, the images are preprocessed to remove some environmental effects. Second, feature points that are stable for affine transformations are extracted from the SSS matching images based on speeded‐up robust features with prior position knowledge. Third, geometric correction is made by the random sample consensus. After that, a similarity calculation is performed. The proposed approach speeds up the matching process and improves its accuracy by combining feature points matching and similarity calculation. It reduces the mismatching rate and the computation requirement by estimating the location uncertainty with prior knowledge and reducing the searching regions for image matching. Experiments show that the matching algorithm takes less time and has greater reliability and accuracy than traditional algorithms.
STATCONT: A statistical continuum level determination method for line-rich sources
Authors: Sánchez-Monge Á. , Schilke P. , Ginsburg A. , Cesaroni R. , Schmiedeke A.
Published: October 2017

STATCONT is a python-based tool designed to determine the continuum emission level in spectral data, in particular for sources with a line-rich spectrum. The tool inspects the intensity distribution of a given spectrum and automatically determines the continuum level by using different statistical approaches. The different methods included in STATCONT are tested against synthetic data. We conclude that the sigma-clipping algorithm provides the most accurate continuum level determination, together with information on the uncertainty in its determination. This uncertainty can be used to correct the final continuum emission level, resulting in the here called ‘corrected sigma-clipping method’ or c-SCM. The c-SCM has been tested against more than 750 different synthetic spectra reproducing typical conditions found towards astronomical sources. The continuum level is determined with a discrepancy of less than 1% in 50% of the cases, and less than 5% in 90% of the cases, provided at least 10% of the channels are line free. The main products of STATCONT are the continuum emission level, together with a conservative value of its uncertainty, and datacubes containing only spectral line emission, i.e., continuum-subtracted datacubes. STATCONT also includes the option to estimate the spectral index, when different files covering different frequency ranges are provided.
Retrospective Analysis in Lower Limb Reconstruction: Propeller Perforator Flaps versus Free Flaps
Authors: Cajozzo Marta , Innocenti Alessandro , Tripoli Massimiliano , Zabbia Giovanni , D'Arpa Salvatore , Cordova Adriana , Toia Francesca
Published: October 2017

Background Technical advancements and increasing experience in the management of soft tissue defects in lower extremities have led to the evolution of decisional reconstructive algorithms. Both propeller perforator flaps (PPFs) and free flaps (FFs) proved to be useful methods of reconstruction for lower extremities defects, offering alternative reconstructive tools. We present a case series of PPFs and FFs for reconstruction of lower limbs defects, analyzing and comparing treatment and outcomes.

Methods Through a retrospective analysis, we report our experience in performing PPFs or FFs for reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the lower extremities, in patients admitted between 2010 and 2015 at the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Palermo. In these patients, we evaluated location and causes of defects, types of flaps used, recipient vessels, complications, time to healing, and aesthetic outcome.

Results A primary healing rate was obtained in 13 patients for PPF and 16 cases for FF. Revision surgery for partial skin necrosis was required in eight cases (PPF: four and FF: four). Recovery time and hospitalization period were eventually shorter in patients with FFs, due to lower rate of complications and revision surgery.

Conclusion In the past years, our indications for reconstruction with PPFs in the lower limb have become more restricted, while we favor reconstruction with FFs. Recommendations are provided to orient surgical treatment in small, medium, and large lower limb defects.
Muscle versus Fasciocutaneous Flap in Lower Limb Reconstruction: Is There a Best Option?
Authors: Corno Martina , D'Arpa Salvatore , Di Summa Pietro , Pellegatta Igor , Valdatta Luigi , Ronga Mario , Cherubino Mario
Published: October 2017

Soft tissue defects of the lower extremity that expose underlying bones, joints, and tendons pose challenging problems and generally require free tissue transfer for a successful reconstruction. Historically, muscle flaps were the gold standard choice for lower limb reconstruction. To obviate the unpredictable appearance and high donor-site morbidity of muscle flaps, fasciocutaneous flaps were introduced. Recently, perforator flaps, such as the anterolateral thigh flap, gained a leading role in the reconstructive scenario. There is growing evidence in the literature supporting that fasciocutaneous and perforator flaps are comparable to muscle flaps in terms of flap survival, postoperative infection, osteomyelitis, bone union, and ambulation. With the advances of knowledge in perforator anatomy and their mapping, a new era of lower limb reconstruction has begun. Propeller flap could be raised on any suitable perforator vessel and, without the aid of microsurgical anastomosis, used to restore small- to middle-sized soft tissue defects. In this review, we intend to analyze pros and cons of muscle and fasciocutaneous free flaps and the applicability of the propeller flaps in lower limb reconstruction.
Vascular Grafts and Flow-through Flaps for Microsurgical Lower Extremity Reconstruction
Authors: Toia Francesca , Zabbia Giovanni , Roggio Tiziana , Pirrello Roberto , Cordova Adriana , D'Arpa Salvatore
Published: October 2017

Background The use of vascular grafts is indicated in case of insufficient pedicle length or for complex defects involving both soft tissues and vessels. Venous grafts (for both venous and arterial reconstructions) and arterial grafts (arterial reconstruction) can be used. This study retrospectively evaluated the needs for vascular reconstruction and its results in a clinical series of lower limb reconstructions with microsurgical free flaps.

Materials and Methods From 2010 to 2015, a total of 16 vascular grafts or flow-through flaps were used in 12 patients out of a total of 150 patients undergoing microsurgical reconstruction (8%). Arterial reconstruction was performed in seven cases (six flow-through flaps, one arterial graft), combined arterial and venous reconstruction in four cases (three vein grafts, one combined venous/arterial graft), and venous reconstruction in one case (one venous graft). The rate of complications and donor-site morbidity related to vascular graft harvest were evaluated.

Results Reconstruction was successful in all cases, despite an overall complication rate of 17 and 8% of surgical revision. Donor-site morbidity, subjectively evaluated, was minimal with respect to functional deficits and aesthetic outcome. Indications for the different types of grafts are discussed.

Conclusion The use of vascular grafts is needed in a relevant percentage of microsurgical reconstruction cases. Venous and arterial vascular grafts, transient arteriovenous fistulas, and “flow-through” microsurgical flaps showed a safe reconstruction comparable to microsurgical reconstructions without the use of grafts. Donor-site morbidity secondary to vascular graft harvest is minimal, and in almost 70% of cases no additional scars are needed.
Otitis beim Kaninchen – Symptome, Diagnostik und Therapiemöglichkeiten
Authors: Eckert Yvonne , Witt Sandra , Reuschel Maximilian , Fehr Michael
Published: October 2017

Dieser Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über die Symptome bei Otitiden des Kaninchens sowie die anatomischen
Besonderheiten des Kaninchenohrs und veranschaulicht verschiedene Möglichkeiten der Diagnostik. Neben der
medikamentösen Therapie werden die laterale und totale Gehörgangsresektion sowie die laterale und
ventrale Bullaosteotomie als chirurgische Therapien bei chronischer Otitis des Kaninchens
dargestellt.
Ich sehe … was?
Authors: Herzog Michael , Sengebusch Jürgen
Published: October 2017

Es handelt sich um verschiedene Stadien ein und derselben Erkrankung. Sie verläuft häufig progredient, eine ursächliche Therapie ist bisher nicht möglich.
Der Rinne- und Weber-Test
Authors: Sengebusch Jürgen , Herzog Michael
Published: October 2017

Mit den Stimmgabelprüfungen nach Rinne und Weber können Sie Schallleitungsstörungen und Schallempfindungsstörungen unterscheiden.
Überlegungen zum Organismusmodell der Homöopathie
Authors: Würger Wolfgang
Published: October 2017

Das Organismusmodell der Homöopathie ist zentraler Bestandteil ihres wissenschaftlichen Paradigmas und wesentliche Grundlage für ihre Heilerfolge. Die Differenzbestimmungen zum schulmedizinischen Paradigma sind in ihm niedergelegt, darunter insbesondere das Konzept der Lebenskraft. Der Organismusbegriff Hahnemanns stellt einen Grenzbegriff zur konventionellen Medizin dar und markiert die Inkompatibilität der beiden Medizinen.
Homöopathische Behandlung der Arthrose
Authors: Albrecht Daniela
Published: October 2017

Die Arthrose ist eine der häufigsten Erkrankungen in der Hausarztpraxis mit steigender Prävalenz. Sie bedeutet oft dauerhaft oder rezidivierend Schmerzen und Bewegungseinschränkung. Die Praxis zeigt, dass die Homöopathie auch eine gute Behandlungsoption sein kann. Anhand von 5 Fällen werden das Vorgehen, die Auswahl der Symptome und der weitere Verlauf dargestellt. Dabei orientiert sich die Mittelauswahl meist am vollständigen Symptom. Sollte dies nicht zu erheben sein, werden andere Analysewege gezeigt. Eingegangen wird auch auf die Zweitverschreibung und den Einsatz von Nosoden. Verschiedene Verläufe zeigen, dass Behandlungsziele und -möglichkeiten sehr differieren und Patientenwünsche beachtet werden sollten.
Syphilitische Schmerz-Einstiegspunkte aus dem Blickfeld der Predictive Homoeopathy – ein Fallbeispiel
Authors: Szabo Beatrix
Published: October 2017

Dieser Artikel zeigt anhand eines Schmerzfalles, welche Symptome dem syphilitischen Miasma zugeordnet werden. Wie syphilitische Schmerzeinstiegspunkte nach der Predictive Homoeopathy (PH) verstanden werden und diese zur Verschreibung von Kalium bichromicum führen.Gemäß der Hering’schen Regel seien die Symptome verschwunden.
A Genetic Marker Associated with De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
Authors: Kim Stuart , Ahmed Marwa , Avins Andy , Ioannidis John
Published: October 2017

De Quervain’s tenosynovitis is a repetitive strain injury involving synovial inflammation of the tendons of the first extensor compartment of the wrist. It is relatively common in the general population, and is the most common radial-sided tendinopathy seen in athletes. Identifying a genetic marker associated with de Quervain’s tenosynovitis could provide a useful tool to help identify those individuals with an increased risk for injury. A genome-wide association screen was performed using publically available data from the Research Program in Genes, Environment and Health (RPGEH) including 4,129 cases and 98,374 controls. rs35360670 on chromosome 8 showed an association with de Quervain’s tenosynovitis at genome-wide significance (p=1.9×10−8; OR=1.46; 95% CI=1.38–1.59). This study is the first genome-wide screen for de Quervain's tenosynovitis and provides insights regarding its genetic etiology as well as a DNA marker with the potential to inform athletes and other high-risk individuals about their relative risk for injury.
Erörterung eines Sachverständigengutachtens vor Gericht und die Haftung des Sachverständigen
Authors: Schiltenwolf Marcus , Beckmann Nickolas , Gaidzik Peter
Published: October 2017

Ein Sachverständiger muss in Straf-, Zivil- und zunehmend auch in Sozialgerichtsprozessen damit rechnen, dass er sein Gutachten vor Gericht mündlich erläutern muss. Dies sollte nicht nur als lästige Pflicht empfunden werden, selbst wenn sein Auftreten ihm zuweilen als überflüssig erscheinen mag, weil sich die Erörterung in der bloßen Wiederholung des bereits schriftlich Niedergelegten erschöpft oder die Befragung vermeintlich oder tatsächlich zu unsachlichen Angriffen gegen seine Person instrumentalisiert wird. Gleichwohl ist ihm bei der Befragung durch Richter und Parteien bzw. Beteiligte und ihren Rechtsvertretern stets ein ruhiges und sachorientiertes Auftreten zu empfehlen, insbesondere sollte er sich nicht provozieren lassen. Andererseits spricht es nicht etwa gegen, sondern für die Kompetenz eines medizinischen Sachverständigen, auch zur Korrektur seiner schriftlichen Aussagen bereit zu sein, wenn und soweit dies im Laufe seiner Vernehmung erforderlich sein sollte. Der Gutachter kann haftungsrechtlich für Gesundheitsschäden durch die Befragung und Untersuchung wie auch für vorsätzlich oder grob fahrlässig fehlerhaft erstellte Gutachten belangt werden.
Düfte zaubern ein Lächeln ins Gesicht
Authors: Ahl Anja M
Published: October 2017

Ätherische Öle helfen über Inhalation, Raumbeduftung und Einreibung gegen Beschwerden wie Schlafprobleme, Kopf- und Ohrenschmerzen, Angst und Anspannung bei Kindern. Für eine zuverlässige Wirkung sollte man immer einen Duft wählen, den das Kind mag. Beliebt bei den Kleinen sind Zitrusdüfte wie Mandarine rot, Zitrone oder Orange. Eine Reihe von Kontraindikationen sind zu beachten: So dürfen Säuglinge und Kleinkinder ätherische Öle wie Cajeput, Niaouli, Rosmarin und Pfefferminze nicht direkt inhalieren.
Sicher vernetzt
Authors: Taboada Papick G
Published: October 2017

Die Nutzung von WhatsApp zwischen Heilpraktiker und Patient stellt eine kritische Situation dar, weil der Messenger personenbezogene Daten speichert und weiterleitet. Es gibt mittlerweile einige sinnvolle Alternativen zu WhatsApp. Diese bieten Funktionen an, um die Preisgabe von Informationen eindeutig zu regeln und Daten zu verschlüsseln. Der Umstieg auf einen anderen Messenger sollte immer klar mit den Patienten kommuniziert werden. Schließlich profitieren sie vom Schutz ihrer Daten.
„Die Rose berührt das Herz“
Authors: Ell-Beiser Helga
Published: October 2017

Sprechen wir von der Rose als Heilmittel, kommen verschiedene Rosenarten infrage, unter anderem: Hundertblättrige Rose, Apotheker- und Damaszenerrose.
Begleitappendektomie: ja oder nein?
Authors: Kersting Sabine , Dimasis Periklis , Wiesmann Siri , Mittelkötter Ulrich
Published: October 2017

Hintergrund Die Appendizitis stellt mit über 50% die häufigste operationsbedürftige akute intraabdominelle Erkrankung dar. Häufig wird aber auch im Rahmen anderer Operationen eine simultane bzw. prophylaktische Appendektomie, auch als Begleitappendektomie (BA) bezeichnet, durchgeführt.

Ziel der Arbeit Inwieweit eine BA im Rahmen anderer Haupteingriffe gerechtfertigt erscheint, wurde in dieser Studie überprüft.

Patienten und Methode In dieser prospektiven Studie wurden alle Patienten (n = 173) erfasst, die im Katharinen-Hospital Unna im Zeitraum vom 1.1.2010 bis 30.10.2013 simultan konventionell appendektomiert wurden. Folgende Variablen wurden untersucht: Alter, Geschlecht, Art der Primäroperation, Notfall- oder Elektivoperation, Komplikationen, Letalität, intraoperative und histopathologische Beurteilung der Appendix. Zusätzlich erfolgte eine postoperative Kontaktaufnahme in Form eines Fragebogens.

Ergebnisse Intra- wie postoperativ zeigten sich keine BA-spezifischen Komplikationen. 117 Patienten (68%) nahmen an der postoperativen Befragung mittels Fragebogen teil. Ein Anteil von 15% der Patienten hatte in der Vergangenheit eine Symptomatik geboten, die auf eine Appendixreizung zurückzuführen sein könnte. Insgesamt zeigten bis auf einen einzigen unauffälligen Befund alle BA-Präparate pathologische Befunde in der histologischen Untersuchung. Insbesondere erfolgte durch die BA die frühzeitige Diagnosestellung von 4 Adenomen, einem neuroendokrinen Tumor und 6 Metastasen bzw. Peritonealkarzinoseherden.

Diskussion In Anbetracht der fehlenden Komplikationen und der Verhinderung einer Reoperation im Falle einer späteren Appendizitis sowie der Früherkennung maligner Befunde sehen wir die BA als präventiv ethisch vertretbar an.
Atem schöpfen
Authors: Steflitsch Wolfgang
Published: October 2017

Die Inhalation von ätherischen Ölen bietet eine sichere und zuverlässige Möglichkeit zur Vorbeugung und Behandlung bronchopulmonaler Krankheiten. Auch und besonders sehr empfindsame Menschen sowie Kinder und Ältere sprechen gut auf die Vielstoffgemische an. Die verwendeten Öle wirken antiinflammatorisch, antiobstruktiv, mukolytisch, antiviral, antibakteriell, antituberkulös, antimykotisch oder epithelregenerierend.
Von riechenden Zellen
Authors: Zimmermann Eliane
Published: October 2017

Der Fötus beginnt schon im Mutterleib, die Aromen wahrzunehmen, die seine Mutter über die Nahrung aufnimmt. Neben den Riechzellen in der Nase verfügen vermutlich alle anderen Zellen unseres Körpers ebenfalls über Duftrezeptoren. Bestimmte Riechstoffe können Krebszellen beeinflussen. Sie unterstützen zum Beispiel das Absterben von Tumorzellen oder hemmen die Teilung von Krebszellen.
Verstopft und zu viel Druck
Authors: Corts Magga
Published: October 2017

Kathrin B. erleidet einen Sportunfall, während sich bei ihr eine akute Sinusitis ankündigt. Sie stellt sich mit Beschwerden wie verstopfter Nase und Abgeschlagenheit in der Praxis vor. Die Patientin beschreibt zudem einen stark verminderten Geruchssinn. Die Untersuchung ergibt, dass die Riechstörung sowohl durch die Sinusitis als auch durch das Trauma bedingt ist. Die osteopathische Behandlung mit begleitender Medikation und Ohrakupunktur zielt darauf ab, die betroffenen Strukturen um Stirn- und Nasenbein zu entlasten, damit die Geruchswahrnehmung wiedererlangt werden kann.
Der heilige Smalltalk
Authors: Sänger Rainer
Published: October 2017

Eine gelungene Begrüßung schafft die Vertrauensbasis für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung, dazu gehört unter anderem der Smalltalk. Im Kontakt kommt es auf natürliche Freundlichkeit, respektvolle Aufmerksamkeit und Freiräume für die Eigenheiten des Patienten an. Witze, Jovialität, leere Floskeln und Wertungen können übergriffig wirken und gehören nicht in die Praxis.
Impact of preprocedure simethicone on adenoma detection rate during colonoscopy: a multicenter, endoscopist-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bai Yu , Fang Jun , Zhao Sheng-Bing , Wang Dong , Li Yan-Qing , Shi Rui-Hua , Sun Zi-Qin , Sun Ming-Jun , Ji Feng , Si Jian-Min , Li Zhao-Shen
Published: October 2017

Background and study aims Ideal bowel preparation for colonoscopy requires complete removal of fluid and foam from the colon. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely used for bowel preparation, with antifoaming agents such as simethicone commonly used in combination with PEG. Data on the effect of simethicone on the adenoma detection rate (ADR) were limited. This study therefore aimed to investigate whether preprocedure simethicone could increase the ADR.

Patients and methods This was a prospective, multicenter, endoscopist-blinded randomized controlled trial involving consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy in six centers in China. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: PEG plus simethicone or PEG alone. The primary outcome was ADR; secondary outcomes were quality of bowel preparation, measured by the Boston bowel preparation scale (BBPS) and bubble scores.

Results 583 patients were included. More adenomas were detected in the PEG plus simethicone group than in the PEG alone group (ADR 21.0 % vs. 14.3 %, P = 0.04; advanced ADR 9.0 % vs. 7.0 %, P = 0.38). The mean number of adenomas detected was 2.20 ± 1.36 vs. 1.63 ± 0.89 (P = 0.02). Patients in the PEG plus simethicone group showed better bowel cleansing efficacy: BBPS ≥ 6 in 88.3 % vs. 75.2 % (P < 0.001) and bubble scores of 1.00 ± 1.26 vs. 3.98 ± 2.50 (P < 0.001). Abdominal bloating was reported less frequently in the PEG plus simethicone group (7.8 % vs. 19.7 %, P < 0.001) than in the PEG alone group.

Conclusion Combined use of PEG and simethicone is associated with a significantly increased ADR in a Chinese population.

Clinical trials registration number: NCT02540239
Negative differential resistance observation in complex convoluted fullerene junctions
Authors: Kaur Milanpreet , Sawhney Ravinder Singh , Engles Derick
Published: October 2017

In this work, we simulated the smallest fullerene molecule, C20 in a two-probe device model with gold electrodes. The gold electrodes comprised of (011) miller planes were carved to construct the novel geometry based four unique shapes, which were strung to fullerene molecules through mechanically controlled break junction techniques. The organized devices were later scrutinized using non-equilibrium Green's function based on the density functional theory to calculate their molecular orbitals, energy levels, charge transfers, and electrical parameters. After intense scrutiny, we concluded that five-edged and six-edged devices have the lowest and highest current-conductance values, which result from their electrode-dominating and electrode-subsidiary effects, respectively. However, an interesting observation was that the three-edged and four-edged electrodes functioned as semi-metallic in nature, allowing the C20 molecule to demonstrate its performance with the complementary effect of these electrodes in the electron conduction process of a two-probe device.
Investigation of thermal and optical properties on polysilicon by the photothermal deflection technique
Authors: Dhouib Amina , Khalfaoui Anouar , Bouaïcha Mongi , Yacoubi Noureddine
Published: October 2017

In this paper, a method is described to study the geometry and thermal properties of grain boundaries in a polysilicon sample. This method is based on the Photothermal Deflection Technique called “Photothermal Imaging.” In order to be able to heat the sample by a very low laser beam power (2 mW), the sample is immersed in a cell filled with paraffin oil. The comparison of the experimental curves of amplitude and phase of the photothermal signal variations versus the displacement x of the sample to the corresponding theoretical ones allows obtaining thermal properties of the grain boundaries and their dimension.
Defect induced room temperature ferromagnetism in single crystal, poly-crystal, and nanorod ZnO: A comparative study
Authors: Ghosh B. , Ray Sekhar C. , Pontsho Mbule , Sarma Sweety , Mishra Dilip K. , Wang Y. F. , Pong W. F. , Strydom André M.
Published: October 2017

A comparative study has been made for the defect induced room temperature ferromagnetism of single crystal, poly-crystal, and nanorod zinc oxide (ZnO), based on the magnetic properties and electronic properties by means of X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), valence band photoemission spectroscopy (VB-PES), and SQUID-type magnetometry. Magnetic measurement demonstrates the defect-induced ferromagnetic nature at room temperature in different ZnO films and a strong correlation between their electronic properties and magnetic responses. The higher ferromagnetic behaviour in polycrystalline ZnO is attributed to the increasing number of surface defects and native defect sites (oxygen vacancies and zinc interstitials) present in ZnO. XANES studies reveal that the number of unoccupied p states in polycrystalline ZnO is higher than single crystal ZnO as well as nanorod ZnO. The more amount of oxygen vacancy causes the highest intensity the O 1 s peak to appear in the XANES spectra of polycrystalline ZnO. In polycrystalline ZnO, the binding energy of the Zn 2p3/2 core level peak shifted to lower energy that further confirms the increase of the valence band maximum (VBM) position. The VBM of single crystal, poly-crystal, and nanorod-ZnO is 3.64 eV, 3.99 eV, and 3.71 eV, respectively, obtained from UPS (He-I) measurements. VB-PES studies confirm that the number of electrons in the valence band of O 2p - Zn 4sp hybridized states of poly-crystal ZnO is higher than single crystal and nanorod-ZnO.
Experimental and theoretical analysis of integrated circuit (IC) chips on flexible substrates subjected to bending
Authors: Chen Ying , Yuan Jianghong , Zhang Yingchao , Huang Yonggang , Feng Xue
Published: October 2017

The interfacial failure of integrated circuit (IC) chips integrated on flexible substrates under bending deformation has been studied theoretically and experimentally. A compressive buckling test is used to impose the bending deformation onto the interface between the IC chip and the flexible substrate quantitatively, after which the failed interface is investigated using scanning electron microscopy. A theoretical model is established based on the beam theory and a bi-layer interface model, from which an analytical expression of the critical curvature in relation to the interfacial failure is obtained. The relationships between the critical curvature, the material, and the geometric parameters of the device are discussed in detail, providing guidance for future optimization flexible circuits based on IC chips.
On the infrared absorption coefficient measurement of thick heavily Zn doped GaAs using spectrally resolved modulated photothermal infrared radiometry
Authors: Pawlak M. , Pal S. , Ludwig A. , Wieck A. D.
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we report on measurements of the infrared absorption coefficient in the mid-infrared range of a heavily Zn-doped GaAs wafer using spectrally resolved modulated photothermal infrared radiometry (PTR). The method allows us to measure the infrared absorption coefficient of (i) much thicker samples as compared to the one used in Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in transmission configuration and (ii) with non-mirror-like surfaces as would be required for measurements in the reflection configuration. From the best fits of the theoretical model to the PTR results, the values of the infrared absorption coefficient and thermal diffusivity of GaAs wafer are obtained. These values of infrared absorption coefficients are compared both with the literature values on very thin, similarly doped GaAs:Be sample and with infrared absorption coefficients calculated from FTIR specular reflectance measurements on the same sample. FTIR reflectance measurements demand additional assumptions for the evaluation of absorption coefficient and mirror-like surfaces. The results obtained from both experimental methods yield the same order of the infrared absorption coefficients. It is observed that the infrared absorption coefficient decreases with increasing wavelength because of inter-valence band transitions. However, only the infrared spectrum estimated using PTR exhibits free carrier absorption effect at a shorter wavelength as observed in previous works on very thin Be-doped GaAs samples. It is worth mentioning that the presented method is not limited to semiconductors, but can be used for other highly infrared absorbing samples. In addition, the spectrally resolved PTR measurements simultaneously provide the same values of thermal diffusivity of the GaAs wafer within estimation uncertainties thus demonstrating the reliability of the PTR method in the measurement of thermal diffusivity of such samples.
Dual-wavelength photo-Hall effect spectroscopy of deep levels in high resistive CdZnTe with negative differential photoconductivity
Authors: Musiienko A. , Grill R. , Moravec P. , Korcsmáros G. , Rejhon M. , Pekárek J. , Elhadidy H. , Šedivý L. , Vasylchenko I.
Published: October 2017

Photo-Hall effect spectroscopy was used in the study of deep levels in high resistive CdZnTe. The monochromator excitation in the photon energy range 0.65–1.77 eV was complemented by a laser diode high-intensity excitation at selected photon energies. A single sample characterized by multiple unusual features like negative differential photoconductivity and anomalous depression of electron mobility was chosen for the detailed study involving measurements at both the steady and dynamic regimes. We revealed that the Hall mobility and photoconductivity can be both enhanced and suppressed by an additional illumination at certain photon energies. The anomalous mobility decrease was explained by an excitation of the inhomogeneously distributed deep level at the energy Ev + 1.0 eV, thus enhancing potential non-uniformities. The appearance of negative differential photoconductivity was interpreted by an intensified electron occupancy of that level by a direct valence band-to-level excitation. Modified Shockley-Read-Hall theory was used for fitting experimental results by a model comprising five deep levels. Properties of the deep levels and their impact on the device performance were deduced.
First-principles study of native defects in bulk Sm2CuO4 and its (001) surface structure
Authors: Zheng Fubao , Zhang Qinfang , Meng Qiangqiang , Wang Baolin , Song Fengqi , Yunoki Seiji , Wang Guanghou
Published: October 2017

Using the first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory, we have studied the bulk defect formation and surface structures of Sm2CuO4. To ensure the accuracy of calculations, the spin order of Cu atoms is rechecked and it is the well-known nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic ground state, which can be attributed to the hole-mediated superexchange through the strong pdσ hybridization interaction between Cu dx2-y2 electron and the neighboring oxygen px (or py) electron. Under each present experimental condition, the Sm vacancy has a very high formation energy and is unlikely to be stable. The Cu vacancy is a shallow acceptor, which is preferred under O-rich conditions, whereas the O vacancy is a donor and energetically favorable under O-poor conditions. To construct its (001) surface structure, CuOO, CuO, and Cu terminated surfaces are found to be most favorable under different experimental conditions. The stable surface structures are always accompanied by significant surface atomic reconstructions and electron charge redistribution, which are intimately correlated to each other.
Oxygen vacancy chain and conductive filament formation in hafnia
Authors: Xue Kan-Hao , Miao Xiang-Shui
Published: October 2017

The stability and aggregation mechanisms of oxygen vacancy chains are studied for hafnia using self-energy corrected density functional theory. While oxygen vacancies tend not to align along the c-axis of monoclinic HfO2, oxygen vacancy chains along a-axis and b-axis are energetically favorable, with cohesive energies of 0.05 eV and 0.03 eV per vacancy, respectively. Nevertheless, with an increase of the cross section area, intensive oxygen vacancy chains become much more stable in hafnia, which yields phase separation into Hf-clusters and HfO2. Compared with disperse single vacancy chains, intensive oxygen vacancy chains made of 4, 6, and 8 single vacancy chains are energetically more favorable by 0.17, 0.20, and 0.30 eV per oxygen vacancy, respectively. On the other hand, while a single oxygen vacancy chain exhibits a tiny electronic energy gap of around 0.5 eV, metallic conduction emerges for the intensive vacancy chain made of 8 single vacancy chains, which possesses a filament cross section area of ∼0.4 nm2. This sets a lower area limit for Hf-cluster filaments from metallic conduction point of view, but in real hafnia resistive RAM devices the cross section area of the filaments can generally be much larger (>5 nm2) for the sake of energy minimization. Our work sets up a bridge between oxygen vacancy ordering and phase separation in hafnia, and shows a clear trend of filament stabilization with larger dimensions. The results could explain the threshold switching phenomenon in hafnia when a small AFM tip was used as the top electrode, as well as the undesired multimode operation in resistive RAM cells with 3 nm-thick hafnia.
Transparent and flexible heaters based on Al:ZnO degenerate semiconductor
Authors: Roul Monee K. , Obasogie Brandon , Kogo Gilbert , Skuza J. R. , Mundle R. M. , Pradhan A. K.
Published: October 2017

We report on high performance transparent Al:ZnO (AZO) thin film heaters on flexible polymer (polyethylene terephthalate) and glass substrates which demonstrate low sheet resistivity. AZO thin films were grown by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering at low Ts (below 200 °C) on flexible, transparent polyethylene terephthalate substrates that show stable and reproducible results by applying low (<10 V) voltages. This study also examined identical AZO thin films on glass substrates that showed highly reproducible heating effects due to the Joule heating effect. The potential applications are foldable and wearable electronics, pain/injury therapy smart windows, automobile window defrosters, and low-cost power electronics.
The proper interpretation of analytical sky view factors for isotropic diffuse solar irradiance on tilted planes
Authors: Rehman N. U. , Uzair Muhammad
Published: October 2017

The consistency of well-known analytical models used for determining the sky view factor (SVF) in comparison with the theoretical definition of SVF is quantified in this paper. A general formula for SVF is derived, which can be configured to use various methods of computing solar irradiance approaching from all directions in a hemispherical vault around an arbitrarily tilted plane. The true model is then derived by choosing the receiving plane as the reference plane in a general formula. The true model most accurately follows the radiation theory. Different settings are then proposed for adapting the general formula to depict the response of each of the analytical models over the range of tilt angles. These settings realistically represent the analytical model, as there is satisfactory agreement between the results from an appropriately configured general formula and those from the corresponding analytical model. Simulations of the true model are performed to compare with the analytical models. The results show that all the analytical models are consistent with the true model when the plane is horizontal or vertical. At other tilt angles, these models mostly produce overestimated or underestimated results. Consequently, settings for analytical models that do not align with the corresponding settings in the true model are the causes of inconsistency. Based on this assessment, two analytical models are recommended for use in further research.
Passive non-linear microrheology for determining extensional viscosity
Authors: Hsiao Kai-Wen , Dinic Jelena , Ren Yi , Sharma Vivek , Schroeder Charles M.
Published: October 2017

Extensional viscosity is a key property of complex fluids that greatly influences the non-equilibrium behavior and processing of polymer solutions, melts, and colloidal suspensions. In this work, we use microfluidics to determine steady extensional viscosity for polymer solutions by directly observing particle migration in planar extensional flow. Tracer particles are suspended in semi-dilute solutions of DNA and polyethylene oxide, and a Stokes trap is used to confine single particles in extensional flows of polymer solutions in a cross-slot device. Particles are observed to migrate in the direction transverse to flow due to normal stresses, and particle migration is tracked and quantified using a piezo-nanopositioning stage during the microfluidic flow experiment. Particle migration trajectories are then analyzed using a second-order fluid model that accurately predicts that migration arises due to normal stress differences. Using this analytical framework, extensional viscosities can be determined from particle migration experiments, and the results are in reasonable agreement with bulk rheological measurements of extensional viscosity based on a dripping-onto-substrate method. Overall, this work demonstrates that non-equilibrium properties of complex fluids can be determined by passive yet non-linear microrheology.
Diffusivity of the interstitial hydrogen shallow donor in In2O3
Authors: Qin Ying , Weiser Philip , Villalta Karla , Stavola Michael , Fowler W. Beall , Biaggio Ivan , Boatner Lynn
Published: October 2017

Hydrogen has been found to be an n-type dopant in In2O3 that gives rise to unintentional conductivity. An infrared (IR) absorption line observed at 3306 cm−1 has been assigned to the Hi+ center. Two types of experiments have been performed to determine the diffusivity of Hi+ in In2O3 from its IR absorption spectra. (i) At temperatures near 700 K, the O-H line at 3306 cm−1 has been used to determine the diffusivity of Hi+ from its in-diffusion and out-diffusion behaviors. (ii) At temperatures near 160 K, stress has been used to produce a preferential alignment of the Hi+ center that has been detected in IR absorption experiments made with polarized light. With the help of theory, the kinetics with which a stress-induced alignment can be produced yield the time constant for a single jump of the Hi+ center and also the diffusivity of Hi+ near 160 K. The combination of the diffusivity of Hi+ found near 700 K by mass-transport measurements and that found near 160 K from the time constant for a single Hi+ jump determines the diffusivity for Hi+ over eleven decades!
First passage times for multiple particles with reversible target-binding kinetics
Authors: Grebenkov Denis S.
Published: October 2017

We investigate the first passage problem for multiple particles that diffuse towards a target, partially adsorb there, and then desorb after a finite exponentially distributed residence time. We search for the first time when m particles undergoing such reversible target-binding kinetics are found simultaneously on the target that may trigger an irreversible chemical reaction or a biophysical event. Even if the particles are independent, the finite residence time on the target yields an intricate temporal coupling between particles. We compute analytically the mean first passage time (MFPT) for two independent particles by mapping the original problem to higher-dimensional surface-mediated diffusion and solving the coupled partial differential equations. The respective effects of the adsorption and desorption rates on the MFPT are revealed and discussed.
Electric field controlled domain wall dynamics and magnetic easy axis switching in liquid gated CoFeB/MgO films
Authors: Liu Y. T. , Ono S. , Agnus G. , Adam J.-P. , Jaiswal S. , Langer J. , Ocker B. , Ravelosona D. , Herrera Diez L.
Published: October 2017

We present reversible electric (E) field driven switching of the magnetic easy axis in CoFeB/MgO/HfO2 heterostructures from perpendicular to in-plane using an ionic liquid gate. The modification of magnetic anisotropy reaches 0.108 mJ/m2 in a gate voltage range between −3 V and 3.5 V with an efficiency of 82 fJ (V m)–1. The influence of the E-field induced anisotropy changes on domain nucleation and propagation of magnetic domain walls has also been studied in the perpendicular anisotropy state. A significant modulation of the domain wall velocity is observed in both the creep and depinning regimes of domain wall motion consistent with the E-field induced anisotropy variation. In addition, we demonstrate voltage controlled magnetization switching under a constant magnetic field and voltage control of domain wall pinning.
A new dispersion interferometer on HL-2A
Authors: Wang H. X. , Zhou Y. , Li Y. , Li Y. G. , Yi J. , Deng Z. C. , Gao Z. , Wu T. Y. , Yin Z. J. , Akiyama T.
Published: October 2017

In order to avoid a fringe jump caused by high plasma density and pellet injection [Y. Zhou et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87, 11E107 (2016)], a new CO2 dispersion interferometer is designed and commissioned on HL-2A for average line-density measurement and density feedback control. The second harmonic technology in this system eliminates the phase shift caused by mechanical vibration. Signals are processed by a digital phase comparator and can be monitored in real time. A series of experiments are conducted to study the characteristics of the system such as a second harmonic coefficient and long-term stability. The resolution of density measurement is less than 8 × 1017/m3, and the experiment result on HL-2A demonstrates the interferometer’s capability to track plasma density evolution with rapid change. The system also shows good stability against mechanical vibrations.