bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on reliability of punching shear of flat slabs without shear reinforcement according to NBR6118
Authors: CARVALHO M. L. , SILVA C. R. , STUCCHI F. R.
Published: June 2017

Abstract The frequent use of flat slabs in building constructions highlights the importance of improving the study of slab-column joints, particularly regarding the verification of the ultimate limit state of punching shear, given the complexity of this phenomenon. This article applies concepts of the Theory of Reliability in order to evaluate the safety of the formulation established by NBR6118: 2014 standard to check punching shear in flat slabs with centered columns. Twelve probabilistic model analysis for C and C' equations were developed, considering the influence that the variation of the slab thickness, the ������ and the shear force eccentricity have on reliability index �� and failure rate ����. Results indicated that formulation of C boundary is reasonably safe, although C'boundary revealed �� index below expectations.
Reliability of partially encased steel-concrete composite columns under eccentric loading
Authors: PEREIRA M. F. , BECK A. T. , EL DEBS A. L. H. C.
Published: June 2017

Abstract The Brazilian design code for composite buildings (NBR8800) has never been subject to a reliability-based calibration of the partial factors used in design. As a consequence, the level of structural safety achieved by using these factors is, in general, unknown. This paper presents a study of the reliability of partially encased steel-concrete composite columns, subject to compression and bending. Literature statistics are used to quantify uncertainty in strength of structural materials and in loads. Reliability indexes are evaluated, via FORM, for two ratios between dead and live loads, and for some values of load eccentricity. It was found that larger load eccentricity leads to a reduction in reliability indexes. These values are larger than minimum values recommended in international design codes; hence one concludes that design of such columns using NBR8800 leads to acceptable safety levels.
Applications of a LITS semi-empirical model in plain and reinforced concrete members subjected to a uniaxial compressive load
Authors: BUTTIGNOL T. E. T.
Published: June 2017

Abstract This paper describes a LITS (Load Induced Thermal Strain) semi empirical model and two practical applications in simple and reinforced concrete members. The model allows a preliminary and straightforward quantification of the total strain of concrete structures submitted to heating and a sustained compressive load, without the need to use complex numerical analyses. The model takes into account the effect of the thermal expansion restraint due to the boundary conditions (temperature and compressive load) and can be adopted for several types of concretes (conventional, high strength and ultra high performance). In the first example, the total deformations of simple concrete specimens from KHOURY (2006) are determined. In the second example, the total displacement of a reinforced concrete column from SCHNEIDER et al (1994) is calculated. A comparison between the results of the model and the experimental values demonstrated the reliability of the semi-empirical model to obtain a preliminary quantification of the total deformations of concrete.
Comparison between simplified and FE models for short-term deflection in continuous RC beams
Authors: JUNGES E. , ROVERE H.L. LA
Published: June 2017

Abstract In this work, a comparative study of different simplified methods and nonlinear finite element (FE) models used for calculating short-term deflections (vertical displacements of the longitudinal axis) in continuous reinforced concrete (RC) beams, under service loads, is performed. The simplified methods employed are the one proposed by Branson and the bilinear method recommended by the European Code CEB - Design Manual on Cracking and Deformations. Two finite element models are utilized: the first one with frame elements in which material nonlinearities are considered along the element and its cross section divided into layers, by using of constitutive relationships for steel and concrete, while the second one utilizes beam elements, with physical nonlinearity considered by means of moment-curvature diagrams, obtained from Branson equation. Several examples of continuous RC beams under service loads are analysed and the results obtained by the different models are compared taking as reference the nonlinear frame element model. A few conclusions and recommendations regarding the use of the different methods are drawn at the end of the work.
Investigation of the use of waste crushed glass in the production of asphalt mixes
Authors: Anochie-Boateng Joseph , George Theresa
Published: June 2017

Recent study at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research in South Africa has revealed the potential to substitute depleting natural aggregates with waste crushed glass in asphalt mixes. This paper presents an investigation of the use of crushed glass as an aggregate replacement in a conventional dense-graded asphalt wearing course commonly used on highways in South Africa. The objective of this study was to design a dense-graded hot-mix asphalt that utilises 15% of waste crushed glass as a substitute material for sand, and to compare its performance with a conventional dense-graded mix. The mix design was based on current South African methods. The overall results indicate that the glass asphalt mix meets the South African criteria, thus the mix design is acceptable. The optimum binder content of the glass asphalt mix was 5·1%, compared with 5·0% for the conventional dense-graded asphalt mix. Further investigation of the stiffness and rutting performance characteristics indicated that the asphalt mix with crushed glass could outperform the conventional asphalt mix in terms of resistance to rutting. The measured performance data were used to develop semi-empirical dynamic modulus and permanent deformation models for the two asphalt mixes.
Thermal and energy performance of a building with PV-applied double-skin façade
Authors: Yu Ji-Suk , Kim Jin-Hee , Kim Sang-Myung , Kim Jun-Tae
Published: June 2017

A double-skin façade (DSF) is a passive solar design method for reducing building energy consumption. When a photovoltaic (PV) is applied as cladding for the spandrel area, various heat-transfer phenomena occur on the surface of the PV and consequently reduce the heat transferred into the interior cavity. In addition, air circulation through the top and bottom vents of the DSF cavity promotes the release of heated air inside the double skin, improving building cooling and temperature reduction of the PV. Thus, PV power generation is increased. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the thermal performance and energy consumption of a test building with a glass DSF and a PV-applied DSF (PV-DSF). The behaviour of the building and the overall system was evaluated using Trnsys dynamic analysis software. The results showed that heat transferred to the PV-DSF cavity decreased significantly compared with the glass DSF cavity. Although this was disadvantageous in winter, it was advantageous during summer to decrease cooling energy demand. In addition, 1438 kWh of electricity was generated, which corresponded to about 18% of the annual building energy consumption required. Moreover, the building energy consumption of the PV-DSF decreased by 15% compared with the glass DSF.
Net load–displacement estimation in soil-nail pullout tests
Authors: Seo Hyung-Joon , Pelecanos Loizos , Kwon Young-Sam , Lee In-Mo
Published: June 2017

Soil-nails are used to stabilise a soil mass by exploiting the resistance generated by the skin friction between the ground and grout and the tensile stiffness of the reinforcing material. A load–displacement curve is obtained from in situ pullout load tests performed by considering the elastic shear modulus and ultimate skin friction capacity between the soil and grout. This study determines the shear behaviour between the soils and grout analytically, especially the soil-dilation effect during shearing that is one of the main factors affecting the ultimate skin friction, even though this estimation is rather cumbersome. Many studies assume a full bond between the grout and the steel reinforcing bar, thus neglecting their relative displacement. In this study, the net load–displacement between the ground and grout is obtained by subtracting the nail elongation from the load–displacement of the pullout tests when estimating the shear displacement. Numerous field pullout tests are performed in this study under various ground conditions and through various construction methods. The dilatancy angles are estimated dependent on the soil type by comparing the net load–displacement curve obtained in the field with that obtained theoretically.
Durability of self-healing ultra-high-strength reinforced micro-concrete under freeze–thaw or chloride attack
Authors: Pérez Gloria , García Calvo José Luis , Carballosa Pedro , Tian Run , Allegro Virginia Rodriguez , Erkizia Edurne , Gaitero Juan Jose , Guerrero Ana
Published: June 2017

The durability of an innovative self-healing micro-concrete in aggressive environments simulated by freeze–thaw cycles and salt spray test is studied. Tests are conducted on an ultra-high-strength reinforced micro-concrete that incorporates an autonomous self-healing mechanism based on the reaction of an epoxy compound enclosed within silica microcapsules and amine functionalised silica nanoparticles distributed within the cementitious matrix. The effect of aggressive environments is analysed in the self-healing micro-concrete and in a reference micro-concrete stored for 28 d in laboratory conditions after cracking, for crack widths of 150 and 300 μm. The results of capillary water absorption tests, complemented by electron microscopy analysis, confirm the enhanced durability of the autonomously self-healed material in both the freeze–thaw and the salt spray tests, as compared to the reference micro-concrete. In conclusion, the innovative self-healing mechanism is expected to increase the service life of structures in humid, cold climates and chloride-containing environments.
Extraction method A v1
Authors: Siu Tze Mak Sarah , Shyam Gopalakrishnan not provided , Christian Caroe not provided , Chunyu Geng not provided , Shanlin Liu not provided , Mikkel-Holger S Sinding not provided , Lukas F K Kuderna not provided , Wenwei Zhang not provided , Shujin Fu not provided , Filipe G Vieira not provided , Mietje Germonpré not provided , Hervé Bocherens not provided , Sergey Fedorov not provided , Bent Petersen not provided , Thomas Sicheritz-Ponten not provided , Tomas Marques-Bonet not provided , Guojie Zhang not provided , Hui Jiang not provided , M Thomas P Gilbert not provided
Published: June 2017

This protocol provides an efficient DNA extraction and purification of historical museum hides, which potentially have been chemically tanned.
Step 1: Preparing S12 cell extracts using bead-beater v1
Authors: Arce Medina Anibal
Published: June 2017

The protocol described here is an adaptation from this paper: Sun, Z. Z., Hayes, C. A., Shin, J., Caschera, F., Murray, R. M., Noireaux, V. Protocols for Implementing anEscherichia coliBased TX-TL Cell-Free Expression System for Synthetic Biology.J. Vis. Exp.(79), e50762, doi:10.3791/50762 (2013). Please note that some steps were taken literally as they appear in that source, and It is highly recommended to see and study this paper before starting. Our adaptations include changes in the volumes of cell cultures and buffers, for smaller scale production. Also, it has been eliminated the clarification, ultra-centrifugation, and dialysis steps. Another change is the use ofE.colistrain BL21 (DE3) STAR, instead ofRosetta 2 cells. All the above modifications allow the preparation of a simpler, and yet very effective cell extract suitable for cell-free RNAPT7Tx-Tl reactions.
Step 3: Performing cell-free RNAPT7 reactions v1
Authors: Arce Medina Anibal
Published: June 2017

This protocol explains how to prepare, load and run cell-free RNAPT7 transcription/translation coupled reactions. To be able to follow this protocol it is necessary to have prepared all the solutions needed including amino acids and Energy solutions and cell extracts ( explained indetail in Step 1 and Step 2 of this collection).
Preparation of cell-free RNAPT7 reactions v1
Authors: Arce Medina Anibal , not provided not provided
Published: June 2017

This collection contains the protocols and recipes for the preparation of cell-free RNAPT7 transcription/translation coupled reactions. The crude extracts are obtained from IPTG-treated E.coli BL21 DE3 STAR cells. IPTGtriggers RNAPT7 expression and accumulation in cells before collection.Reactions take place when the cell extract is mixed with a maltodextrin-based energy solution along with amino acids solution and other salts (Magnesium and Potassium). This system allowstranscription/translation coupled reactions from plasmid DNA that contains T7 promoter transcriptional units. In our hands, ithas been possible to express different fluorescent reporters, including deGFP which is highly efficient. Products of the reaction can be measured during the whole reaction time in a plate reader with appropriate optic filters, open hardware cameras, andmicroscopes. When set up correctlly, deGFP fluorescence intensity is detected as fast as ∼30 minutes afterthe reaction starts and it shows a rapid increase during the first ∼2.5-3.0 hours. The system presented here contains the features highlightedbellow,and is an adaptation of protocols and findings from the following listed papers:1.- This system uses maltodextrinand Polyphosphate-based energy solution: Kim, H.-C., Kim, T.-W., Kim, D.-M., . Prolonged production of proteins in a cellfree protein synthesis system using polymeric carbohydrates (2011) Caschera, F.; Noireaux, V., A cost-effective polyphosphate-based metabolism fuels an all E. coli cell-free expression system. Metabolic engineering (2015) 2.- The S12 crude extract is prepared from E.coli cells ( expressing Pol T7 ) using bead beater. Sun, Z. Z.; Hayes, C. A.; Shin, J.; Caschera, F.; Murray, R. M.; Noireaux, V., Protocols for implementing an Escherichia coli based TX-TL cell-free expression system for synthetic biology. Journal of visualized experiments (2013) Kim, TW., Kim, HC., Oh, IS. et al. A highly efficient and economical cell-free protein synthesis system using the S12 extract of Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioproc E (2008) 3.- The amino acidstock solution contains each amino acid at ∼12 nM in a stable solution: Caschera, V. Noireaux Preparation of amino acid mixtures for cell-free expression systems. Benchmarks (2015)
Preparation of Xenopus laevis oocytes v1
Authors: Gong Chen
Published: June 2017

Xenopus laevis were put in ice water until it is unconscious, (without any reaction to a leg pinch), then the ovary lobes were carefully dissected and washed 4 times in a Petri dish (50 mm) with ND96 medium (96 mM NaCl, 2 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl2, 1.8 mM CaCl2, 5 mM HEPES adjusted to pH 7.4 with NaOH, supplemented with 50 μg/ml streptomycin/penicillin, 225 μg/ml sodium pyruvate) to remove all traces of blood and debris. The wounded body wall and skin of Xenopus laevis were closed with a 3-0 silk suture on a 24 mm curved needle. And the recovery of female was proceeding in 1 g/L aquarium salt in water. The isolated Xenopus laevis oocytes were digested with 2 mg/mL of collagenase A (SigmaTM) without Ca2 + modified Barth’s solution (88 mM NaCl, 1 mM KCl, 2.4 mM NaHCO3, 10 mM Hepes-NaOH, 0.82 mM MgSO4, pH 7.4, 200 mOsm/kg) at room temperature for 2 hours.
DISEASES DIVERSITY FOR FLAX GENETIC RESOURCES IN LATVIA
Authors: Stafecka Inga , Grauda Dace , Stramkale Veneranda
Published: June 2017

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L) yield of stem and seeds and them quality is influenced by a number of harmful diseases but investigation about pathogens in recent years have not been done in Latvia. Each stage of development of disease is important in the pathogen life cycle and requires certain condition. Goal of this study have identify possibilities of the pathogens and were assess disease severity depending on the genotypes on flax in variable environmental conditions. The resistance to the diseases for 24 flax genotypes and standard variety ‘Vega 2’ were evaluated. The field trials have been carried out over the period from 2015 to 2016 at the Research Centre of Priekuli, part of Vilani in Latgale. Disease progress was measured every week, and for each treatment, severity of diseases index and the area under the disease progressive curve (AUDPC) were calculated. The flow cytometry method for detection of flax pathogens was developed. The Fusarium avenaveum was dominating disease and statically significant in both vegetation periods. In 2015 were identified statically significant (p
EFFECTIVENESS OF RHIZOBIAL STRAINS ON THE FABA BEAN DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD IN SODDY PODZOLIC SOILS
Authors: Zarina Livija , Alsina Ina , Vaivode Aija
Published: June 2017

In the frame of EU 7th Research Framework Programme of The European Union project EUROLEGUME (Enhancing of legumes growing in Europe through sustainable cropping for protein supplay for food and feed) two Rhizobium leguminosarium strains alone and in mixture were examinated to evaluate the influence on yield formation of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) ‘Lielplatones’. The field experiment was carried out at the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics between 2014 -2016 in the organic cropping system field. The beans seeds were treated with rhizobia fungi by soaking in bacteria suspension for 30 minutes before sowing. A plant high was measured at the beginning of flowering (BBCH 61- 64), at the beginning of forming pods (BBCH 71- 75) and at the beginning of maturity (BBCH 81- 85).

The inoculation of plant seeds promotes a slight increase in the plant length. The highest yield was from seeds inoculated with strain R2. There were no significant differences between tested strains. The results of this investigation indicate that rhizobium inoculation is a recommendable management tool for faba beans generally but effectiveness of rhizobial strains strongly depending climate conditions. Seed treatment with Rhizobium contributed to an increase in the quantity of nitrogen in the soil.
RAILWAY NATURAL INDUSTRIAL COMPLEXES AND THEIR IMPACT ON WATERBODIES
Authors: Strelkov А. K. , Teplykh S. Yu. , Bukhman N. S.
Published: June 2017

The paper aims to investigate objects located in railway natural industrial complexes, e.g. the Kuybyshevskaya Railway within the boundaries of Samara region. The authors analyse its following characteristic properties: geometric (proximity to water bodies); intercepted (crossings with bridges or waterbodies); watercut (proximity to subsurface water outlets and high groundwater); hilly-mountainous terrain (washouts and washaways); violation of surface (water drainage from the walls, washaways of flood-prone slopes). The researchers studied a schematic map of the Kuybyshevskaya Railway and came to the conclusion that there is a considerable number of railways crossings with water objects in Samara region, Ulyanovsk region and the Republic of Tatarstan. Some of these railways crossings are located in close proximity to waterbodies. The average value of the crossings is 0.549 km for every 1 km, i.e. approximately every 500 m railway tracks cross at least one water object. It means that there is a surface run-off coming from railroad tracks and near-by territories into a waterbody every 500 m. Systematic monitoring of water pollution is performed by a considerable number (up to 20) of gauging stations located within all railroad tracks in Samara region.
MODELLING OF TRACER TRANSPORT IN THE WHITE SEA
Authors: Chernov Ilia , Tolstikov Alexey , Iakovlev Nikolay
Published: June 2017

We consider advection of floating passive tracer in the White Sea using a hydrodynamical model of sea circulation JASMINE. Simulations show that the Onezhskiy Bay is a hydrodynamical trap for tracers: concentration there decrease more slowly. Typical times needed to remove concentrated tracer completely from bays are estimated. General scheme of tracer advection is described.
IMPACT OF BLUE GROWTH ON BALTIC SEA REGION PORTS
Authors: Rijkure Astrida
Published: June 2017

There is little attention in the Baltics dedicated to the research of ports as economic subjects and their impact on environment. It is vital to strengthen the links between the ports and the Blue Growth while raising awareness of the Blue Growth and making it a cross-cutting issue of the sea-oriented priority areas by creating a special mechanism to support Blue Growth which so far has had insignificant links to port operations. The aim of the article is to analyze the trends and summarize the measures already taken for promotion and integration of the Blue Growth in the Baltic Sea region, and to develop guidelines for ports based on the general and the Baltic Sea Blue Growth strategy, to draw conclusions and to submit proposals for improvement and increase of the Blue Growth. Latvia needs to develop an action plan in order, without unnecessary errors, to quickly implement sustainable port infrastructure and reduce pollution of the sea. The task is to identify the best practices for usage of marine/coastal resources for economic development, and for identification and testing of new smart specialization measures.
CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE LAKE BLUE CLAY
Authors: Tretjakova Rasma , Misiņa Samanta Marija , Lukašenoks Jevgenijs
Published: June 2017

In this paper the chemical and biological properties of the lake blue clay are explored. A blue clay bed layer was found under the sapropel layer in the lake Plusons (area 4.8 km2, Ludza countries, Latvia). It has been determined that the lake Plusons blue clay has a colloid composition, which contains Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Al, Ag, Ba. In samples Candida albicans, Pseudomona aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and a total number of aerobic mezofile bacterium have been defined. In microbiological analyses the presence of Candida albicans, Pseudomona aeruginosa, Staphilacoccus aureus has not been stated. The number of mesophyll aerobic microorganisms is
REFINING VENT EMISSIONS FROM FINE DROPLET AEROSOLS
Authors: Puring S. M. , Vatuzov D. N. , Novopashina N. A.
Published: June 2017

Vent emissions from industrial enterprises cause air pollution to a great extent. These emissions contain solid or liquid particles. it is necessary to install cleaning units for those particles. Existing methods of cleaning as applied to fine droplet aerosols have a number of limitations, especially within liquid disperse phase. This is why it is relevant to design highly-efficient cleaning units for vent emissions refining from droplet aerosols of sub-micron sizes. The research reveals the most important parameters for designing highly-efficient cleaning units for vent emissions refining from droplet aerosols. The authors designed a pilot plant and performed a series of experiments to define the optimal geometrical characteristics and modes of operation for cleaning units. These theoretical and experimental studies mase it possible to design three types of cleaning units with precipitating elements in the form of pipes and slotted channels with L/D = 250 dimensions.
WATER SPRINGS RESEARCH IN UTENA DISTRICT (LITHUANIA)
Authors: Kepalaitė Ingrida
Published: June 2017

water springs can be researched like the objects of geo heritage, geo diversity, geo tops, nature, drinking water resources, mythology, tourism objects and others. They are important from the scientific, aesthetic, tourism, and cultural points of view. This article aims to analyse water springs as geo tops, geo heritage and drinking water resources. The content of water’s chemical structure, cations and anions in spring water will be taken into account. After the water quality analysis in Utena district was made, it was set that the prevailing springs’ water is slightly alkaline hard water of relatively low conductivity. The prevailing anions are hydrocarbonates, and the prevailing cations – calcium, sodium, magnesium. The amount of the nitrates does not exceed the limits.
CONTEXT OF TRADE CANAL AND INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE IN LIEPAJA
Authors: Ržepicka Dace , Ziemeļniece Aija
Published: June 2017

Today, the historic Trade Canal in Liepāja begins to rapidly recover the character of an outdoor public space of an aesthetically high quality. After the two devastating world wars, the industrial heritage has only remained along the left bank of the canal, requiring a very gentle treatment of the cultural and historical values. The new industrial building that has occupied both banks of the canal from the 60s-70s of the 20th century strongly contrast with the historic building scale, materials, and the application of the architecturally compositional elements. The modern construction technologies can build powerful allegoric comparisons in the language of the architectural form building. This applies both to the wide glazing of the building facade, the curved facade shapes, the structure of the covering material, the green areas, etc.. The revival of the left bank of the canal is a good challenge to also recover the historic urban space on the right bank of the canal or at the side of Jaunliepāja. Currently, this waterfront of the canal, which is untouched by the war, consists of a circumferentially dense production area.
TOWARDS UTILIZATION OF LEAN CANVAS IN THE DEVOPS SOFTWARE
Authors: Nidagundi Padmaraj , Novickis Leonids
Published: June 2017

The growth of technology made human to depend more on the software applications in his daily life and nowadays software companies focused more on building robust error free software to end customers in very short time. Software development companies facing one side growth of technological complexity and another side build the products fast to win a competition in business. In recent years growth of a DevOps given lot of new growth opportunity for the software companies.

DevOps basic principles focused on the collaboration and communication as a key in between software development information technology professional. It is concentrated on the automating the most of the routine tasks such as development, delivery, infrastructure, support, software testing in software development process. DevOps also emphasize on the building, testing and releasing the software more quickly and in a reliable way.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT TEAM
Authors: Podjavo Inga , Berzisa Solvita
Published: June 2017

The necessity of finding the connection between the planning, decision making, actions and results create project management interest to an evaluation of the project team performance. By analyzing the team performance, determining successful projects and assessing results, members of such project will have the necessary information to avoid failures, to monitor the progress, to compare similar projects and move to defined goals.

The objective of this paper is to provide guidelines for evaluation of the project team performance in the software development project. This paper summarizes measures for evaluation of the team performance, an evaluation objectives and it benefits as well as factors that may have an influence on the team performance. Demonstration example of the guideline usage has been provided.
CREATION OF INNOVATIVE APPROACH FOR STUDY OF THE NATIONAL FISCAL SPACE
Authors: Žubule Ērika , Grabusts Pēteris , Kavale Lūcija
Published: June 2017

The choice and topicality of the theme is substantiated by the fact that a sustainable development of a country is affected by the policy implemented by the government. One of its main parts is the fiscal or budget policy which means the formation of the necessary funds of the revenues and expenditures to ensure the functioning of the government. Accordingly, the concept of fiscal space has been activated which is closely connected with the implementation of the instruments of fiscal policy (taxes, government expenditures, government debt). The aim of the research is to create an innovative approach to the investigation of the creation of the state fiscal space applying the simulation method in the environment of Matlab/Simulink in order to forecast the influence of the corporate income tax on the state economic and financial indicators taking into account the changes of the corporate income tax offered by the government and the Bank of Latvia. Methodology of the research implies the following activities: the identification of the concept of fiscal space and its application in the context of the influence on economy; the creation of the assessment methodology of the components of fiscal space using technological tools (data modelling in Matlab / Simulink environment).
GEOMETRIC FEATURE SELECTION OF BUILDING SHAPE FOR URBAN CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Kodors Sergejs
Published: June 2017

The proposed research is related with building detection in airborne laser scanning data. The result of geospatial surface segmentation provides a vector layer of unclassified shapes. Geometric features of shapes can be applied to classify urban objects and to detect buildings among them. The goal of this research is to select the appropriate geometric features considering their importance for building recognition. The feature selection is completed using random forest algorithm. The obtained list of features and their influence weights can be used to improve building recognition methods and to filter noise objects.
BASIC ALGORITHM FOR INDUCTION MOTORS ROTOR FAULTS PRE-DETERMINATION
Authors: Petrov Aleksei , Rassolkin Anton , Vaimann Toomas , Belahcen Anouar , Kallaste Ants , Plokhov Igor
Published: June 2017

Due to importance of squirrel cage induction motor in today’s industry, the fault detection on that type of motors has become a highly developed area of interest for researchers. The electrical machine is designed for stable operations with minimum noise and vibrations under the normal conditions. When the fault emerges, some additional distortions appear. The necessity to detect the fault in an early stage, to prevent further damage of the equipment due to fault propagation, is one of the most important features of any condition monitoring or diagnostic techniques for electrical machines nowadays. In this paper possible induction motors faults classified and basic algorithm for rotor faults pre-determination is presented.
DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL IN A COMPLEX OF SOFTWARE DESIGN OF DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
Authors: Verteshev Sergei , Konevtsov Vladimir
Published: June 2017

This article provides the functionality of creating direct digital control devices in the computer-aided design of digital automatic control systems (CAD of digital ACS), in a complex of software design of digital control systems (SDSDC complex) for automated process control systems. Technical tools are defined by the international standard IEC 61131-1: 2003 (Part 1: General data). The possibility of implementing SDSDC complex in direct digital control, single-cycle and multi-cycle ladder diagrams, identification of objects of management and synthesis of digital controllers in comparison with the international standard IEC 61131-3: 2003 (Part 3: Programming Languages) are evaluated. Users’ productivity is estimated as well as the possibility of its separation between the users at different stages of the design of digital systems of automatic control is assessed.
ON A MATHEMATICAL MODEL DESCRIBING OPTIMAL PROCESSING MECHANISM OF DISPERSED GRANULAR MATERIALS IN GRAVITATIONAL FLOW WITH HORIZONTAL OR INCLINED VIBRATING SIEVE CLASSIFYING SCREENS
Authors: Grickus Armands , Guseynov Sharif
Published: June 2017

The investigation of motion and gravitational processing of disperse granular materials is very important for solution of a wide spectrum of technological processes, including the chemical technology of treatment (with or without the decoration-compression procedure) of granular mineral fertilizers and their drying and sorting/separation by means of vibrating sieve classifying screens, in particular. In this work, we have used the apparatus of the theory of continuous media for the mathematical modelling of dynamics of disperse granular materials, and by this we assume that a property of these materials is the distribution of a solid granular component inside of them. The elaborated mathematical model is based on the volume conservation law for granular components, on the momentum conservation law, as well as on the equations for stress tensor in the granular mineral fertilizers and equations for description of the Coulomb granular mineral fertilizers.
ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF THE 1-DOF ACTIVE MAGNETIC BEARING
Authors: Loginov Sergei , Zhuravlyov Yuri , Domracheva Yulia , Fedorov Dmitriy
Published: June 2017

Active magnetic bearing is the electromechanical device allowing to suspend the rotor of the electric machine. Friction is eliminated and high speed of rotation can be achieved. However, the parameters of the electromechanical system may change during operation. Adaptive control system allows to maintain stability under varying parameters.
MINIMIZING THE DETENT FORCE IN PERMANENT MAGNET LINEAR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR FOR DRIVING OF 2D LASER MARKING TABLE
Authors: Lazov Lyubomir , Uzunov Peter
Published: June 2017

In this paper the research results for reducing the detent force in one innovative permanent magnet linear synchronous motor for 2D laser marking system was published. There two methods are used. The first of these methods features the usage of two additional end teeth with chamfers in the magnetic circuit of the movable part. In the second method, the teeth of the ferromagnetic core are with different lengths. As a result of the change of the air gap permeance in both cases substantial reduction of detent force is achieved, in multiples at times. The results obtained are based on modeling and analyzing the linear motor magnetic field by the Finite Element Method (FEM). Provided experimental research of the linear motor prototype proves the correctness of the simulations results.
STATISTICAL CONTROL OF ACCURACY AT MACHINING
Authors: Lengerov Angel , Nikolcheva Galina , Lazov Lyubomir
Published: June 2017

This research examines the statistical method for quality control. The accuracy of parts is controlled statistical evaluation - an average and a dispersion of the indicator for accuracy. This paper reports a method for quality control of parts of average indicators and algorithm for quality control of the average and dispersion of samples of small size. It proposes a criterion of applicability of statistical adjustment of accuracy by sampling for control of the average data of the quality indicator. It proves the influence of the dispersion of the quality indicator for impairing the quality of the process.
POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) AND POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) /ZINC OXIDE COMPOSITE NANOFIBRE WEBS: QUALITY CONTROL WITH CONDUCTOMETER
Authors: Trumsina Eva , Zelca Zane , Kukle Silvija
Published: June 2017

In the market a wide variety of products are find that contains/releases metal nanoparticles, therefore topical become researches on it impacts on the environment and human health. In the textile industry important step is the development of testing methodology to monitor the quantity of nanoparticles that get into the environment from nanoparticles containing textile materials. In the study analyzed the method based on the use of conductometer for textiles testing with nano-size metal oxides content to determine the persistence of nanoparticles/ions in the water after textile soaking/washing. Compared results acquired in the experiments with nanofibre webs manufactured by electrospinning from pure polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and PVA/ZnO composite. The nanofibre webs were soaked in distilled water and obtained samples of water tested with conductometer. The results of the experiments confirm that measurements taken with the conductometer are fairly stable and repeatable; the equipment is suitable for measurements in distilled water for nanoparticles/ions detection. The measurements of the solution’s specific electric conductance allows to pinpoint the nanoparticles/ions concentration, but for this purpose, must be created the database that contains the resources needed for the calculations and methodology for sample preparation.
STRUCTURE FORMATION PROCESS OF HYDRATED PORTLAND CEMENT COMPOSITIONS: NANOSCALE LEVEL CONTROL
Authors: Guryanov A. M. , Korenkova S. F. , Sidorenko Yu. V.
Published: June 2017

Durability of cement-like construction materials, as well as durability of cement stone, depends on their humidity resistance, frost resistance, corrosion resistance. All of these properties depend not only on the composition of the original clinker, but also on structural organization at micro-and nanoscale level of hydrated portland cement compositions. In this research the authors used the method of small-angle neutron scattering to define structural parameters of hydrated portland cement compositions on nanoscale level, distribution of calcium hydrate silicate nanoparticles in size, medium nanoparticles radius, fractal dimension. It is shown, that introduction of modifying nanoadditives into portland cement compositions affects structural parameters of a cement stone. The following nanoadditives were used: of artificial (alpha aluminium oxide, gamma aluminum oxide) and of anthropogenic (carbonate and alumo-alkaline sludges) origin, as well as integrated nanoadditives containing surfactants. The change in structural parameters of portland cement compositions with nanoadditives in the process of hydration is investigated. It is shown that use of nanoadditives allows to control the process of forming the structure of hydrated portland cement composition on the nanoscale level, directly affect the values of structural parameters and, as a result, modify properties of cement stone.
SMART SOCKS SYSTEM AS AN EQUIPMENT TO ANALYZE TEMPORAL PARAMETERS OF HUMAN GAIT AND RUNNING
Authors: Oks Aleksandrs , Katashev Aleksey , Bernans Edgars , Abolins Valters
Published: June 2017

The aim of present study was to demonstrate usability of the recently developed “Smart Socks” System for analysis of locomotion temporal parameters. Smart socks system exploits pressure sensors which can be knitted directly in the garment, thus providing minimal discomfort for user. Two types of locomotion were analysed: walking and running. Experienced athletes took part in the experiment to perform movements in the controlled conditions in laboratory. The research demonstrated that temporal accuracy of Smart Sock system is acceptable for practical purposes. Data, provided by the system could distinguish heel strike and non-heel strike run and walk modes. More data is required for deeper analysis and interpretation of obtained temporal parameters and for development of recommendations for athletes and coaches.
NONLINEAR NUMERICAL MODELLING OF BASALT REBAR REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
Authors: Šliseris Janis , Gaile Līga , Pakrastiņš Leonids , Rocēns Kārlis
Published: June 2017

The ever increasing tendency of more complex architecture and increasing use of basalt fibers in concrete, mainly due to corrosion resistance, requires a suitable, accurate and computationally efficient numerical method for modelling of mechanical behavior. A novel numerical modelling methodology for basalt fiber reinforced concrete structures is proposed. In this paper, the main focus is on modelling concrete beams with basalt longitudinal rebars and steel shear rebars. The proposed method is based on two step simulation method. On the first step a database of flexural stiffness depending on stress-strain state is created using non-linear simulations with continuum finite elements. The database of flexural stiffness is used in second step by performing nonlinear beam finite element simulation of frame structures. The numerical method showed good agreement with experimental results. The use of pre-computed database of flexural stiffness significantly accelerate non-linear simulations and whole building can analyzed by taking into account material non-linearity.
CALCULATION OF LOSSES OF ACTIVE POWER AND ENERGY IN TRANSMISSION LINES AND TRANSFORMERS, AS A PART OF THE ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION POWER NETWORK
Authors: Ivanov Krasimir Marinov , Varbov Tsviatko Kolev , Velev Georgi Tsonev
Published: June 2017

The paper inhere discusses the impact of renewable distributed generation sources upon the power and energy losses in electrical distribution power networks where these sources are attached. In addition a set of mathematical expressions to calculate these active power and energy losses are presented with the respective examples and implementation.
Growth changes of the femur and tibia after fractures in children
Authors: Timofeev Valery V. , Bondarenko Anatoly V. , Grigoryeva Lyudmila G.
Published: June 2017

Introduction. In contrast to adults, the reparative process in children with fractures has one essential feature: the consolidation of bones tissue runs parallel to further growth and bone formation.

The aim of the study. To determine the frequency of growth changes of different segments of the lower extremities in children, to determine the association of these types of fractures with age and/or method of treatment; to clarify the indications for orthopedic correction or surgical treatment of these deformities in long-term perspective.

Material and methods. Between 2001 and 2014, 306 children with multiple fractures of the lower limbs were treated in the Regional Clinical Emergency Hospital, Barnaul. Fifty six with femoral and tibial fractures of 306 children were re-evaluated in 3-10 years for the long-term results of treatment.

Results and discussion. In the long-term follow-up period, the measuring of the contralateral lower limb segments (tibia and femur) showed that 27 (44.3%) children had marked differences in their length. Three of them had shortening of limb segment and 24 children had lengthening shortening of limb segment. Changes in the growth rate were observed in fractures of the femur in 22 cases and in fractures of the tibia in 5 cases.

Conclusion. The frequency of limb segment elongation after surgical and conservative treatment was approximately the same.
Video-analysis of the effect of different types of adapted shoes on knee adduction moment
Authors: Aksenov Andrey Yu. , Klishkovskaya Tatiana A.
Published: June 2017

Background. The effect of different footwear profiles on knee adduction moment have not been fully studied.

Methods. Fifteen healthy volunteer subjects, age 25.3 (±2.73), undertook a series of gait laboratory trials with adapted shoes. Kinematic and kinetic data were collect using 16 Oqus 3+ cameras and the walking speed was controlled using timing gates. High street shoes were adapted to include five different heel heights (varying from a 1.5 cm to 5.5 cm heels), two heel profile conditions (curved and semi-curved heels), three varying apex angles (10, 15, and 20 degrees), and barefoot and 3CR footwear conditions. The baseline shoe had no heel curve, a heel height of 3.5cm, an apex position of 62.5% of the shoe length, an apex angle of 15 deg, and a rigid forepart of the shoe.

Results. The shoe with 5.5 cm heel height significantly increased the mean knee adduction moment during 50%–100% of the stance phase compared to the 1.5 cm heel (p = 0.008). The high heel shoe also significantly increased knee adduction impulse (area under the curve) versus the 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 cm heels, and the 10° toe angle and barefoot condition. Ten degrees of toe angle reduced mean knee adduction moment during 0%–50% of the stance phase versus 20° and significantly reduced mean knee adduction moment during the late stance phase versus 15° and 20° toe angle footwear conditions. Walking with the curved heel for the healthy subjects increased mean knee adduction moment during 0%–50% of the stance phase compared to the heel without curvature (p < 0.0009).

Conclusion. Further study is required to investigate those changes in patients with high risk of knee osteoarthritis.
Scientific events of the Turner Scientific And Research Institute for children’s orthopedics as a form of continuous medical education for pediatric traumatologists
Authors: Solovyova Karina S. , Zaletina Anna V. , Kuptsova Olga A.
Published: June 2017

The experience of the Turner Scientific and Research Institute for Children's Orthopedics in educational activities for improvement of the professional knowledge of pediatric physicians was represented. The target audience of the continuous medical education include traumatologists, pediatric surgeons, and doctors of related specialties of Russia that are involved in diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of children with injuries, congenital and acquired diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Since 1986, the Institute has organized 28 all-Russian scientific and practical conferences on topical issues of traumatology and orthopedics of pediatric age in 22 different cities across the country. In the interest of the institute, the school of pediatric orthopedists is constantly working for district orthopedists of children's polyclinics of St. Petersburg, and regular monothematic seminars are performed with the participation of leading Russian experts and visiting lecturers from abroad. These scientific and practical activities improve the professional skills of doctors and help them improve the provision of specialized care to children.
Kako Dubrovčani percipiraju kruzing turizam?
Authors: Lučić Ivo , Sindik Joško , Manojlović Narcisa
Published: June 2017

Stavovi lokalnog stanovništva iznimno su važni za dugoročni razvoj turizma, što osobito vrijedi za Dubrovnik čija je orijentacija na kruzing turizam relativno novijeg datuma, ali su njene posljedice objektivne, kao i primjetne u percepcijama stanovnika. Glavni je cilj istraživanja ispitati kako Dubrovčani percipiraju učinke kruzing turizma te provjeriti postojanje rodnih razlika, kao i povezanosti s dobi, stupnjem obrazovanja, radnim statusom, brojem članova obitelji i udaljenošću mjesta stanovanja od područja obuhvaćenog kruzing turizmom. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 122 sudionika/ica iz Dubrovnika primjenom upitnika The tourism impact scale. Rezultati su pokazali da sudionici u prosjeku negativno percipiraju učinke kruzing turizma, osobito u pogledu utjecaja na okoliš, ali i društvenih i kulturnih, pa i socioekonomskih utjecaja. Utvrđene su statistički značajno negativnije percepcije socioekonomskih utjecaja kruzing turizma u žena. Pronađena je statistički značajna pozitivna povezanost između udaljenosti stana/kuće od Staroga grada i drugih područja koja posjećuju turisti s kruzera i pojedinih percipiranih učinaka kruzing turizma. Veći je broj članova obitelji u muškaraca statistički značajno povezan s pozitivnijim percipiranjem učinaka koji proizlaze iz gužvi („crowding-out“ učinaka), dok ostale sociodemografske varijable (dob, obrazovanje, radni staž i dužina življenja u Dubrovniku) nisu značajno povezane s percepcijama učinaka kruzing turizma. Rezultati upućuju na potrebu daljnjih istraživanja, čiji rezultati mogu biti korisni u planiranju održivog razvoja turizma u Dubrovniku.
Experimental Estimation of Material and Support Properties for Flexible Dolphin Structures
Authors:   Faculty of maritime studies and transport Portorož, Slovenia, Batista Milan , Grm Aleksander
Published: June 2017

Present work describes the inverse problem for identification of material and support type properties of flexible dolphin structure. Most liquid bulk terminals are equipped with a jetty as berthing facility. The ship mostly berths to dedicated breasting dolphin structures, which can be single-pile flexible/rigid dolphins or multi-pile flexible/rigid dolphins. This work considers dolphin motion as mass-spring damped system where cantilever approximation mimics dolphin pile. Few measurements have been made for the dolphin structure, which is approximately 30 m long, 15 m immersed in the bottom and placed about 2-3 m above the sea level. The elastic material properties and pile support were identified via inverse method combined with displacement measurements of dolphin head.