bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised heterogeneous domain adaptation for EEG classification
Authors: Wu Hanrui , Xie Qinmei , Yu Zhuliang , Zhang Jia , Liu Siwei , Long Jinyi
Published: July 2024

Objective. Domain adaptation has been recognized as a potent solution to the challenge of limited training data for electroencephalography (EEG) classification tasks. Existing studies primarily focus on homogeneous environments, however, the heterogeneous properties of EEG data arising from device diversity cannot be overlooked. This motivates the development of heterogeneous domain adaptation methods that can fully exploit the knowledge from an auxiliary heterogeneous domain for EEG classification. Approach. In this article, we propose a novel model named informative representation fusion (IRF) to tackle the problem of unsupervised heterogeneous domain adaptation in the context of EEG data. In IRF, we consider different perspectives of data, i.e. independent identically distributed (iid) and non-iid, to learn different representations. Specifically, from the non-iid perspective, IRF models high-order correlations among data by hypergraphs and develops hypergraph encoders to obtain data representations of each domain. From the non-iid perspective, by applying multi-layer perceptron networks to the source and target domain data, we achieve another type of representation for both domains. Subsequently, an attention mechanism is used to fuse these two types of representations to yield informative features. To learn transferable representations, the maximum mean discrepancy is utilized to align the distributions of the source and target domains based on the fused features. Main results. Experimental results on several real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Significance. This article handles an EEG classification situation where the source and target EEG data lie in different spaces, and what’s more, under an unsupervised learning setting. This situation is practical in the real world but barely studied in the literature. The proposed model achieves high classification accuracy, and this study is important for the commercial applications of EEG-based BCIs.
Exploring the physics of a high-performance H-mode scenario with small ELMs at low collisionality in JET with Be/W wall
Authors: de la Luna E. , Garcia J. , Sertoli M. , Lomas P. , Mazzi S. , Štancar Ž. , Dunne M. , Aiba N. , Silburn S. , Faitsch M. , Szepesi G. , Auriemma F. , Balboa I. , Frassinetti L. , Garzotti L. , Menmuir S. , Refy D. , Rimini F. , Solano E.R. , Sozzi C. , Vecsei M. ,   JET Contributors
Published: July 2024

A new H-mode regime at low density and low edge safety factor (q
95 = 3.2, with

I

p

= 3 MA) that combines high energy confinement, stationary conditions for density and radiation and small Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) have been found in JET with Be/W wall. Such a regime is achieved by operating without external gas puffing, leading to a decrease in the edge density and a substantial increase in rotation and ion temperature in both the pedestal and the core region. Transport modelling shows a reduction of the turbulence, which starts in the pedestal region and extends into the plasma core, and outward impurity convection, consistent with the improved energy confinement and the lack of W accumulation observed in those conditions. In addition, large type I ELMs, typically found in gas-fuelled plasmas, are replaced by smaller and more frequent ELMs, whose appearance is correlated with a substantial reduction of the pedestal density and its gradient. Pedestals in this operating regime are stable to peeling–ballooning modes, consistent with the lack of large ELMs. This is in contrast to results in unfuelled JET-C plasmas that typically operated at higher pedestal densities and developed low frequency, large type I ELMs, thus pointing to the low density as one of the critical parameters for accessing this small ELMs regime in JET. This small ELMs regime exhibits the same low pedestal collisionality (

ν

e

,

ped

∗

∼
0.1

) expected in ITER and operates at low q
95, thus making it different from other small ELMs regimes that are typically obtained at higher q
95 and higher pedestal collisionality. These features make this newly developed H-mode regime in JET with Be/W wall a valuable tool for exploring the underlying transport, the different mechanisms of turbulence stabilization, as well as the physics associated with the appearance of small ELMs in high-temperature plasmas at ITER relevant pedestal collisionality.
From 3D to 5D tracking: SMX ASIC-based double-sided micro-strip detectors for comprehensive space, time, and energy measurements
Authors: Teklishyn M. , Rodríguez Rodríguez A. , Agarwal K. , Bajdel M. , Collazo Sánchez L.M. , Frankenfeld U. , Heuser J.M. , Lehnert J. , Mehta S. , Rodríguez Garcés D. , Ramírez Zaldívar D.A. , Schmidt C.J. , Schmidt H.R. , Toia A.
Published: July 2024

We present the recent development of a lightweight detector capable of accurate spatial, timing, and amplitude resolution of charged particles. The technology is based on double-sided double-metal p+ – n – n+ micro-strip silicon sensors, ultra-light long aluminum-polyimide micro-cables for the analogue signal transfer, and a custom-developed SMX read-out ASIC capable of measurement of the time (Δt ≲ 5 ns) and amplitude. Dense detector integration enables a material budget > 0.3 % X
0. A sophisticated powering and grounding scheme keeps the noise under control.

In addition to its primary application in Silicon Tracking System of the future CBM experiment in Darmstadt, our detector will be utilized in other research applications.
Proton Beam APerture MoniTor instrument design and overview for the Commissioning and Operation of ESS High Power Beam on Target
Authors: Donegani E.M. , Kočevar H. , Olsson A. , Paulo-Martin J. , Takibayev A. , Thomas C.A. , Meigo Shin-ichiro , Ooi Motoki , Niu Haihua , Xie HongMing , Zhang Bin , Johansson Anders , Törmänen Markus
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a detector developed to protect the ESS
spallation target. The detector is installed to receive a proton
beam that has a peak current of
62.5 mA, an average power of
5 MW, and energy up to
2 GeV. It is designed to detect any
part of the proton beam that goes outside a defined aperture, which
is deemed as an errant beam condition. This detector is mainly used
for machine protection. The detector works based on two physical
processes. The first process is the generation of current in
metallic blades, which is proportional to the intercepting beam. The
second process is heat load from the beam energy deposition in
interacting thermocouples. The combination of these two signals
allows the detection of events ranging from microseconds to several
minutes. This paper also presents the design of the instrument, its
efficiency, and its range of operation.
The downward spiral entangling soil sealing and hydrogeological disasters
Authors: Gatto Alessio , Martellozzo Federico , Clo’ Stefano , Ciulla Lorenzo , Segoni Samuele
Published: July 2024

The frequency of occurrence of hydrogeological disasters (HGDs), as well as the persistence of their impacts, are not evenly distributed. Hazardous areas, by definition, are more prone to extreme events, while in densely urbanized regions, the impacts of these events tend to be more severe. The objective of this study is to investigate statistical relationships between urban and natural environment features and HGD occurrences. Taking Italian provinces as a comprehensive case study, we assessed the coefficient of determination, the χ
2 test, and the p-value to determine the degree of statistical correlation between impact indicators and 57 hazard/risk/land management indicators, such as extension of at-risk areas or soil sealing. We discovered that HGDs persistence and frequency correlate best with an indicator describing the amount of soil sealing (i.e. urbanized soil) in medium-hazard areas. Building on that, a further dynamic analysis was carried out to investigate whether soil sealing trends changed significantly after the provinces were struck by HGDs. Our findings hold significant implications, challenging current policy norms. European directives and Italian national laws impose strict development restrictions in ‘high-hazard’ areas, but generally allow for urbanization in ‘medium-hazard’ areas, with only minor limitations. Moreover, a paradoxical positive urbanization trend is observed in the most sensitive areas, greater than in safer areas and generally unchanged after HGDs. This outcome highlights a critical gap in risk perception that reflects into territorial planning, decision-making processes, and existing policies.
Towards a fair, reliable, and practical verification framework for Blue Carbon-based CDR
Authors: Dam Bryce Van , Helfer Véronique , Kaiser David , Sinemus Eva , Staneva Joanna , Zimmer Martin
Published: July 2024

While the (re-)establishment of Blue Carbon Ecosystems (BCE) is seen as an important tool to mitigate climate change, the credibility of such nature-based solutions has been marred by recent revelations ranging from weak accounting to malpractice. In light of this, there is a clear need to develop monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) systems towards the reliable, practical, and accurate accounting of additional and durable carbon dioxide removal (CDR). We propose the development of a Blue Carbon Ecosystem Digital Twin (BCE-DT) as a practical solution, integrating real-time data and models into What-If Scenarios of CDR aimed at the quantification of CDR additionality and durability. Critically, such a solution would be amenable to projects across a broad range in spatial scale and ecosytem type. In parallel, we propose the creation of an independent and not-for-profit Standards Development Organization (SDO) for the management of this Digital Twin and oversight of the certification process based on MRV. Considering the interwoven nature of the scientific and policy/legal needs we raise, an improved dialogue and collaboration between the scientific and policy communities is clearly needed. We argue that this BCE-DT, along with its oversight and implementation by a SDO, would fit this niche and support the fair and accurate implementation of MRV critically needed for BCE-based CDR to proceed.
Impact of diffuse radiation on the coupling of carbon and water fluxes in the grassland of northeastern China
Authors: Huang Jingchao , Yue Xu , Wang Bin , Lu Xiaofei , Dong Gang
Published: July 2024

Solar radiation is a key driver of ecosystem carbon and water fluxes. However, the impacts of radiation quantity and quality on the carbon-water coupling are not well distinguished. In this study, we used simultaneous flux and radiation measurements at two grassland sites in northeastern China to explore the joint impacts of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and diffuse fraction (K
d) on carbon and water fluxes and their coupling relationships. Under the low to medium PAR levels (<280 W m−2), gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) increased continuously with K
d but the sensitivity of GPP (8.4%–8.8% per 0.1 increase in K
d) was significantly higher than that of ET (2.2%–5.0% per 0.1 increase in K
d) at both sites. Under the high PAR levels (>280 W m−2), the GPP continued to grow at the southern site but showed limited responses to K
d at the northern site, likely due to the temperature constraint in the latter. Meanwhile, the contribution of evaporation to ET increased under the high radiation conditions, resulting in a decreased ET due to the reduced direct radiation following K
d increment at both sites. Consequently, water use efficiency (WUE) increased with K
d for all radiation levels but showed low sensitivity to PAR changes due to the synchronized GPP and ET responses to PAR. This study unraveled the positive dependence of ecosystem WUE on the increased K
d though with varied sensitivities of GPP and ET under different PAR levels, highlighting the strong impacts of diffuse radiation on ecosystem fluxes over the regions with aerosol pollution and cloud variations.
The duality between color and kinematics and its applications
Authors: Bern Zvi , Joseph Carrasco John , Chiodaroli Marco , Johansson Henrik , Roiban Radu
Published: July 2024

This review describes the duality between color and kinematics and its applications, with the aim of gaining a deeper understanding of the perturbative structure of gauge and gravity theories. We emphasize, in particular, applications to loop-level calculations, the broad web of theories linked by the duality and the associated double-copy structure, and the issue of extending the duality and double copy beyond scattering amplitudes. The review is aimed at doctoral students and junior researchers both inside and outside the field of amplitudes and is accompanied by various exercises.
Effect of snack bar type on satiation and sensory acceptance in young adults
Authors: Listyarani H , Prayudani A P G , Prihandari R , Prangdimurti E , Astawan M
Published: July 2024

One of the reasons for the increasing prevalence of obesity and its accompanying diseases is an inappropriate diet. Snacks that are high in carbohydrates contribute to the emergence of obesity and diabetes mellitus among early adult consumers. Therefore, there is a need for healthier and safer snacks to be consumed. The snack bar is a ready-to-eat food that is convenient to consume. This study aimed to analyze the physicochemical characteristics, satiety level, blood glucose response, and sensory acceptance of soy flour and wheat flour-based snack bars. The protein and carbohydrate content of soybean-based snack bars was 14.38 and 54.1%, while the flour-based ones were 5.16 and 70.14%. Soy flour-based snack bars can be categorized as having higher protein levels and lower carbohydrates so that they are healthier for productive age consumers. The results of the sensory evaluation show that soy flour-based snack bars are superior in terms of aroma, taste, and texture compared to wheat flour-based ones. The results of the blood glucose response showed an increase that tended to be faster after consuming wheat flour-based snack bars than soybean-based ones. The satiety level test shows that the desire to eat again tends to be higher when consuming wheat flour-based snack bars than soybean-based ones.
Deep learning model for detection and classification of banana diseases based on leaf images
Authors: Nassor S , Mushthofa M , Priandana K
Published: July 2024

Fungal diseases are among the main reasons for low productivity in banana farming. Early detection of fungal diseases is essential. One possible approach is using machine vision. Due to its high accuracy, deep learning is the most widely used algorithm in machine vision for many solutions. Its ability to model the data into multiple levels of abstraction makes it suitable for many agricultural solutions. However, deep learning requires a high computational resource, challenging many agricultural solutions implemented on low-computing devices. This study proposes lightweight deep-learning algorithms for detecting and classifying banana diseases based on leaf images. The study used a dataset of images representing three classes: black Sigatoka disease, fusarium wilt race 1 disease, and healthy tree. The algorithms used are mobileNetv2, mobileNetv3-small, shuffleNetv2, and squeezeNet. The results showed that squeezeNet outperforms all other models with 97.12% accuracy, 97.14% precision, 97.1% recall, and 97.12% f1-score. MobileNetv3-small results in the heaviest model, which is 14 MB, but it has the shortest training time of 2.465 minutes. MobileNetv2 results in the lightest model, 2.51 MB, while squeezeNet has the longest training time, 14.76 minutes. Overall, the lightweight deep learning algorithms performed well, and this method can be used for other banana diseases and abnormalities.
The Effect of Innovation Portable FADs on Purse Seine Operations in Tegal Regency Waters
Authors: Yusfiandayani R , Baskoro M S , Raihan M R
Published: July 2024

Tegal is a regency in Central Java which has a sustainability fishery resources. There are abundant resource potential, one of which is Larangan waters. The fishing gear used for fishing activities are payang and purse seine. As time went on, various problems began to emerge, one of which was the catch which was erratic and decreasing catch. Technology for fishing which are easy to apply and of course can increase fishermen’s catches, namely portable FADs. The aim of this study was to compare composition, calculate productivity, and add up the income from catches with portable FADs and without portable FADs. Experimental fishing used in this research. The total fish caught in this study amounted to 11 species, namely barracuda, dorab wolf-herring, sin croaker, Indian mackerel, bigeye scad, fringescale sardinella, narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, Indian anchovy, kawakawa, squid and shrimp, with a total weight of 18.231.2 kg in the catch. with portable FADs, and 16.743.9 kg in catches without portable FADs. The average productivity value for catching with portable FADs was 1.139,45 kg/trip, higher than the catch without FADs, which was 1.046,49 kg/trip. Fishermen’s income from selling catches with portable FADs is higher than selling catches without portable FADs.
Designing A Room Comfort Measurement Tool Based on ESP32 Microcontroller for Thermal, Auditory and Visual Comfort
Authors: Irsyad MA , Chadirin Y
Published: July 2024

One of the devices that is frequently used with IoT is microcontrollers, as they are readily available. The devices are also commonly used in sustainable buildings to monitor and control environment parameters such ambient temperature, room lighting, which can improve the energy performance of the building. The purpose of this research is to use the ESP32 to develop a room comfort monitoring system. This study was conducted at the North Bogor Community Health Center (puskesmas) and the IPB University Advanced Research Laboratory. The DHT22, KY-038 and BH1750 sensors were attached to with the ESP32, and the prototype was created and put into use as a programming-controlled monitoring system. Performance tests were carried out to evaluate the Puskesmas waiting room’s comfort level and calibrate the sensors. Following calibration, the temperature sensor’s error value is 2.03%, the relative humidity sensor’s is 2%, the noise sensor’s is 3.15%, and the light intensity sensor’s is 9%. The findings from the ESP32-based comfort measurements reveal that the temperature falls into an uncomfortable range, with an average of 27.87 °C; relative humidity also resides in an uncomfortable zone, averaging 70.17%; noise levels, however, remain within comfortable limits at an average of 56.12 dB; and light intensity is uncomfortably high, with an average of 80.99 lux. The use of microcontroller to monitor and control environmental parameters could help building manager optimize electricity usage, leading to significant cost savings while also reducing the carbon footprint of the building.
Effect of Thermal Pre-treatment of Oilseed Feed on Fatty Acid Profiles and Protein Fermentability
Authors: Martha R , Despal  , Toharmat T , Retnani Y
Published: July 2024

Oilseeds, abundant in protein and fats, offer the potential for enhancing dairy ration and milk quality. However, anti-nutritional factors in raw oilseeds restrict their efficient utilization. Employing thermal treatments serves the dual purpose of safeguarding fatty acids and proteins from rumen biohydrogenation and degradation while deactivating anti-nutritional elements. This comparative study applied moist heat treatments (boiling and autoclaving) and dry heat treatments (roasting and extruding) to five oilseed feeds—kidney bean, soybean, mung bean, jack bean, sesame, and palm kernel meal. Gas chromatography analyzed the fatty acids profile, while in vitro methods studied protein degradation, reflected in ammonia concentration in the rumen. Results indicate that heat treatment type insignificantly alters nutrient content, except for protein. Changes in nutrient content vary among seed types, with a fat content decrease of 30-70% in all materials except soybeans, which exhibit a 10% reduction. Protein degradation is influenced by both material type and heat treatment, with roasting significantly reducing degradation compared to other methods. Fatty acid concentration responses to heating are inconsistent, though an impact on short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) is observed. In conclusion, roasting is the most effective and practical thermal protection method, preserving protein quality without significantly altering fatty acid profiles.
The behavior toward halal traceability using blockchain for beef-based micro, small, and medium enterprises (literature review)
Authors: Hidayah N J , Fauzi A M , Rahayuningsih M , Arkeman Y
Published: July 2024

With the largest Muslim population in the world, Indonesia has tremendous potential for the agroindustry sector, especially the halal industry. Micro, small, and medium-sized businesses (MSMEs) are essential to the Indonesian economy and play a key role in the development of the halal sector. Over the past ten years, there has been an increase in the consumption of beef due to increased understanding of nutrition and dietary diversification. But maintaining the halal purity of both domestic and imported beef is still difficult, especially in traditional marketplaces where large quantities of beef are sold. The majority of Indonesian customers prefer to buy beef from MSMEs, frequently without the use of commercial packaging. The purpose of this study is to investigate customer behavior in relation to beef products’ halal traceability, focusing on bulk and processed beef from MSMEs. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method and Vos Viewer for bibliometric analysis, this paper looks into how blockchain technology could be used for halal traceability. A total of 7363 articles published in Scopus from 2019 to 2023 were screened, with 55 articles meeting inclusion criteria for systematic review. Numerous factors influence the halal status throughout the supply chain, necessitating tracing and tracking mechanisms to gather information on product sourcing, handling, and transportation. Blockchain technology emerges as a promising tool for ensuring traceability and verifying halal status. However, the systematic review underscores challenges related to consumer awareness and willingness to adopt blockchain implementation.
Farmers’ Perception of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Manggot as an Alternative Protein Source Feedstuffs
Authors: Shafa N N , Sembada P , Kusumanti I , Ayuningtyas G
Published: July 2024

Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggots are larvae that can convert organic waste into an alternative source of nutrients for livestock because they have a high content of fat and protein. Therefore, BSF maggot has the potential as an alternative feed ingredient. However, many farmers have not used maggot as one of the animal feed ingredients. This study was conducted to determine farmers’ knowledge about feed ingredients derived from BSF maggot, the level of importance of animal feed quality attributes, and important factors in the use of BSF maggot feed. Data was collected through survey methods and in-depth interviews with 100 farmers in the Jabodetabek area. We performed descriptive analysis by using SPSS version 22. The results showed that the majority of farmers knew the content of BSF maggot-based feed. Farmers gave the most important rating to palatability as an attribute of animal feed quality. In addition, most farmers rated sustainable availability, good product quality, and consumer satisfaction as important factors in the use of maggot BSF products as feed ingredients. This study underscores the potential of BSF maggot as an alternative feed ingredient considering farmer knowledge, feed quality, and other important factors such as availability and consumer satisfaction.
The lens of social learning theory: an imitation behaviour to adapting climate change in agriculture
Authors: Nurkasanah A , Sarwoprasodjo S
Published: July 2024

The pressing climate crisis poses a significant threat to agriculture, necessitating farmers’ adaptive measures to minimize climate-induced crop failure. The research explores adaptive behaviors of farmers concerning climate change, emphasizing two pivotal factors: environmental and cognitive. Rooted in the theory of social learning, it suggests that individual behavior is influenced by models and the environment. The study aims to delineate the interplay between cognitive factors, environmental elements, and farmers’ responses to climate challenges. Respondents in this study were 30 farmers who were members of the Climate Change Response Farmers Association (PPTPI) of Indramayu Regency, West Java. This research employs a quantitative methodology, which is derived from a survey conducted through a questionnaire. Additionally, qualitative data is obtained through in-depth interviews with informants and field observations, providing further support for the study. Quantitative data was subjected to Spearman Rank correlation analysis, whereas qualitative data was employed in the form of quotations to support the findings of the quantitative data analysis. The results showed farming groups serve as social catalysts for adaptive cultivation practices in response to climate change. These groups facilitate knowledge sharing through discussions and create platforms for farmers to exchange their experiences. Farmer role models and the emulation of expert practices within the social environment further encourage proactive problem-solving by observing successful models, farmers engage in social learning, enhancing their skills and confidence in implementing adaptive agricultural practices. Climate change have inspired farmers to adopt these strategies, foster optimism in overcoming future challenges, and minimize crop failure.
Strengthening Indonesian Maritime Affairs through Promoting the Superior Maritime Region of Labuan Bajo in the Form of Animated Short Films
Authors: Akmalia N , Rahmayanti H D , Ardiani S , Widiargo R A E , Supiyati T Y , Edson D , Wiratomo I S
Published: July 2024

Currently, the Indonesian government is developing super priority tourist attractions, one of which is in the Labuan Bajo area. The results of our research show that Bajo is the name of the sea tribe that inhabits this coastal area. This name reflects the maritime history and life of the Bajo tribe which is very dependent on the sea. The charm of Labuan Bajo does not only lie in its natural beauty and sea landscape, what is interesting in Labuan Bajo is the Way of Life or the living culture of the Bajau tribe which can adapt physically to aquatic life. The profile of the Labuan Bajo community has become one of the inspirations for the international box office film, namely Avatar 2. The film Avatar 2 was successful in becoming the highest grossing film. This then underlies this idea, to create a “Manusia Ikan” character and a story about the waters of Labuan Bajo. So far, tourism promotion has only been limited to video exploration of tourist attractions. Labuan Bajo does not have a unique character design which is visualized in the form of a Complete Proposal film. Matching Fund 2023 is based on local content as a promotional icon that can be “top of mind” for potential tourists. The importance of the role of character design in the process of designing a film is the background that underlies the creation of “Concept Art which includes the concept of a fantasy world with character designs inspired by” local Indonesian content. Through the development of character designs and the story of “Manusia Ikan” in the form of an animated film, it becomes a commercialization and distribution strategy so that it can have a high license selling value, both domestically and abroad so that it can become a promotional medium for Labuan Bajo tourism and improve the economy public.
Enhancing Growth and Sustaining Variegated Properties of Ornamental Plants through Zeoponic Formulations
Authors: Suwardi  , Randrikasari O , Oktariani P , Suryaningtyas D T
Published: July 2024

Variegated ornamental plants, known for their diverse leaf colors and high market demand, present a unique challenge in preserving long-lasting aesthetic appeal. This study focuses on the development and optimization of zeoponic formulations as effective plant growth media (PGM) to promote sustained growth and visual excellence in two variegated ornamental plants, Epipremnum aureum “Marble Queen” and Peperomia obtusifolia “Green Gold”. Zeoponics, composed of zeolite, compost, cocopeat, and fertilizers, is chosen for its high Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and aesthetic appeal due to its greenish-grey zeolite grains. Through greenhouse pot experiments and comprehensive PGM analysis, specific zeoponic formulations were identified for each plant species, yielding the most favorable results in terms of growth and appearance. The research explores the chemical properties of PGMs and observes plant growth parameters and chlorophyll content using Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) measurements. The results show that the best formulation of fertilizer types and dosages for Epipremnum aureum “Marble Queen” is zeoponic Z7, with 10% Fe-EDTA, 10% Cu-EDTA, 10% Mn-EDTA, 10% Zn-EDTA while for Peperomia obtusifolia “Green Gold” is Z6, containing 4% Fe-EDTA, 4% Cu-EDTA, 4% Mn-EDTA, 4% Zn-EDTA. These findings offer valuable insights for enhancing the planting of variegated ornamental plants, benefiting the ornamental plant industry.
Roles of rural tourism in the improvement of community livelihoods in Masbate Province, the Philippines
Authors: Asilum J B , Shrestha R P , Tsusaka T W , Sasaki N
Published: July 2024

The development of rural communities often involves the use of rural tourism, which has been extensively studied for its impacts on community livelihoods. However, little attention has been given to its effects in the context of the Philippines, where beach tourism is dominant, despite that rural tourism is emerging in marginalized rural areas. This study used the sustainable livelihoods framework to assess the effects of rural tourism on the livelihoods of the community in the Luacan Agricultural Landscape, Masbate Province. By analyzing the treatment effects on two samples: a control sample and a tourism sample (representing those who earn from rural tourism), the study found that rural tourism only helped the community in having more savings. In order to ensure sustainable outcomes in the community, it is highly recommended that policies be implemented to rationalize the management and development of rural tourism efforts.
Blood lipids and fatty acids profile of broiler chicken meat after consuming diet containing Lemuru fish oil and palm oil
Authors: Suci DM , Ginting A , Khotijah L , Darmawan A
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary Lemuru fish oil (LFO) and palm oil (PO) on the blood lipid and fatty acids profile in broiler chicken meat. A total of 200 day-old chick broiler chickens were fed four different diets. T0 = ration containing 0% LFO + 3% PO; T1 = ration containing 1% LFO + 2% PO; T2 = ration containing 2% LFO + 1% PO; and T3 = ration containing 3% LFO + 0% PO. The study found a significant increase (P<0.05) in omega-3 levels in broiler meat after consuming a diet containing 1% LFO, 2% PO, and 3% LFO. The levels of triglycerides, LDL, HDL, and omega-6 in broiler meat were not significantly different. The concentration of omega-3 in broiler meat can be raised by feeding up to 3% LFO.
Comparing eDNA metabarcoding primers (12S and 18S) for assessing riparian biodiversity
Authors: Effendi H , Aprilia M , Permatasari PA
Published: July 2024

Biodiversity assays in both terrestrial and aquatic populations are being increasingly conducted using eDNA metabarcoding. The creation of a suitable primer and selection of one from hundreds of previously released primer packages will determine the efficacy and results of these efforts. However, only a few studies have compared the effectiveness of various metabarcoding primers in riparian settings. In this study, we assessed two widely used primer sets for rRNA barcoding gene amplification and compared the results with sediment samples taken from the highly biodiverse riparian zones of the Ciliwung River. Using the 1391f and Eukbr primers for the 18S target area and 12S-V5 primer sets for the 12S target region, we amplified the target region of the study. When classifying species at the species level using the 12S and 18S primer sets, we discovered 36 and 264 non-comparable species, respectively, based on a conservative 99% similarity threshold. Unfortunately, the phylum Chordata’s 12S-V5 primer set was limited to detecting the classes Actinopterygii, Aves, and Mammalia. The results were corroborated by the 1391f and Eukbr primers (target area 18S), which also identified the same class of microorganisms, including plankton and other species, for which the 12S-V5 primer combination could not be identified. These findings underscore the significance of utilizing several primer combinations and primers aimed at distinct genomic areas. Moreover, our results suggest that amplification of the target region of 18S using the 1391f and Eukbr primers would be the best choice for riparian biodiversity identification, as opposed to the 12S-V5 primer combination.
Effect of solvent ratio on omega-3 extraction of catfish (Clarias sp.) and pangasius catfish (Pangasius sp.) using low-temperature crystallization method
Authors: Suseno S H , Nugraha R , Salsabila D N , Ramadhan W , Nurjannah F , Arifah A U , Adha A S A
Published: July 2024

Freshwater fish are not major of omega-3 fatty acids (FA). More ways needed to help improving omega-3 substance by yielding concentrate using a low-temperature crystallization technique. The intention of yielding omega-3 concentrate is to obliterate elements except omega-3 FA. This study aimed to determine the acetone solvent-oil ratio for acquiring the finest characteristic of omega-3 catfish (Clarias sp.) and pangasius catfish (Pangasius sp.) by analyzing iodine number (IV), oxidation parameters, and FA profiles. Omega-3 concentrate was made using a low-temperature crystallization technique with solvent-to-oil ratios of 3:1(v/v), 4:1(v/v), 5:1(v/v), 6:1(v/v), and 7:1(v/v). The chosen treatment was 5:1 (v/v) solvent-to-oil ratio, resulting in an increase in omega-3 content in catfish 3.65% and pangasius catfish 2.30%. The concentration of catfish and pangasius catfish increased by 1.69 and 1.28 times, respectively. The viscera of catfish and pangasius catfish belly obtained from by-products of fish fillet industries and markets have the potential to be a basic material in the formation of omega-3-rich FO.
Response of corn growth to ZeomicAgro, a zeolite-based soil ameliorant
Authors: Suryaningtyas D T , Widjaja H , Oktariani P , Kasih M , Suwardi
Published: July 2024

Apart from being able to improve soil quality, including soil physical, chemical and biological properties, soil ameliorant can also increase agricultural yields. The soil ameliorant studied is ZeomicAgro, an inorganic ameliorant consisting of zeolite enriched with humic substances. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of ZeomicAgro on the growth of corn plants (Zea mays). The experiment was conducted at the Cikabayan IPB Education Field, Bogor, West Java. It used a one-factor randomized block design, namely the ameliorant dose. There were three doses of ZeomicAgro compared to control and a standard fertilization. The three ZeomicAgro treatments were 100, 200, 300 kg/ha, each combined with 300 kg NPK/ha. ZeomicAgro has met the minimum technical requirements for inorganic ameliorants with an exchange capacity value of 77.78%. The experiment was carried out with four replications so that there were 20 experimental units. Each experimental unit was a plot of 25 m2. The results show that doses of 200 kg ZeomicAgro ha−1 + 300 kg NPK ha−1 tent to provide the highest corn growth as indicated by plant height, number of leave and chlorophyll content and significantly produced the highest cob weight, length and diameter and also gave RAE value of 156.
A Study of Optical Properties of Edible Film based Coconut Water for Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Materials Packaging
Authors: Rahmayanti H D , Ginting J C , Kartika T R , Ardiani S , Akmalia N , Zulfi A
Published: July 2024

Nowadays, researchers are striving to address the problem of plastic pollution by uses of edible films developed from food biopolymers. Biopolymer are a group of alternative materials made partly or entirely from renewable sources. The objective of this study was to create edible film from fermented coconut water. We called nata de coco (NDC). NDC resulting from the fermentation of Acetobacter xylinum bacteria in coconut water can be used as raw material for biopolymer because it contains cellulose compounds so it is called biocellulose. In this research, edible film was produced used mainly material is NDC. The method was manufactured using mixture and founding methods. Edible film based NDC also produced which is mixed with chitosan with a mass composition mass ratio of NDC and chitosan is 80:1 by varying the chitosan dissolved in acetic acid at 15 ml, 20 ml and 25 ml. The optical properties of edible film is become focused in this study. Based on UV-Vis spectrometer testing, samples obtained with a 15 ml acetic acid variant gave a transmittance value of 89%, while samples obtained with a 20 ml acetic acid variant gave a transmittance value of more than 90%. This high transmittance value shows that the sample of NDC-edible film obtained with variations of 20 ml of acetic acid has a high degree of transparency. Coconut trees are tropical plants that are easy to grow in coastal areas. Therefore, this plant is well known to the public considering that Indonesia is an archipelagic country and has spread out beaches. Indonesia is one of the largest coconut producing countries in the world, so research using coconut is very sustainable.
Urea-nitrate coating with zeolite reduces in vitro ammonia concentration in the rumen
Authors: Silviani E , Yasmin N , Martin R S H , Jayanegara A
Published: July 2024

The current research aimed to investigate the effects of urea-nitrate coated with zeolite on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. Two types of zeolite, namely activated and unactivated, were utilized in the study. A randomized complete block design comprised of five treatments and four replications was conducted. The treatments were: T0 (control diet), T1 (control diet + uncoated urea), T2 (control diet + uncoated urea-nitrate), T3 (control diet + urea-nitrate with unactivated zeolite coating), and T4 (urea-nitrate with activated zeolite coating). The supplementation of urea-nitrate with zeolite coating aimed to increase dietary crude protein by 2% compared to the control diet. Results indicated that the T4 treatment reduced in vitro ruminal ammonia concentration compared to T0, T1, T2, and T3 (P<0.05). However, other rumen fermentation parameters, such as rumen pH, volatile fatty acid concentration, microbial protein synthesis, dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, total gas production, and methane production, were similar among the treatments. In conclusion, urea-nitrate supplementation with activated zeolite coating in the ruminant diet was effective in reducing in vitro ruminal ammonia concentration.
Water Quality Assessment and Determination of Water Quality Status in Kapuas River for Sustainable Water Resources, Sanggau Regency, West Kalimantan.
Authors: Wahyudi R , Fauzi A M , Budiarti S , Sintawardani N
Published: July 2024

Analysis of river water quality and water quality status refers to Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 on the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management and Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 27 of 2021 on the Environment—analysis of river water quality status using the STORET method. River water quality data is described at four water sampling locations monitored for three years during the dry and rainy seasons. The river method’s analysis results using the STORET method obtained values between -3 to -43 in the dry season and rainy season, with river water quality status from “lightly polluted” to “heavily polluted.” The concentration values of the parameters BOD, COD, total phosphate, and faecal coliform exceeded the class 1 and class 2 quality standard thresholds, concluding that Kapuas River water is not recommended for use as a raw water source for drinking water and water recreation facilities The importance of synergy between relevant stakeholders and community involvement is a solution for water resources protection efforts.
Supplementation Effect of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Oil Calcium Soap on Physiological Responses and Hematology of Male Garut Sheep
Authors: Sudarman A , Kirana K C , Ningsih R H C , Fassah D M
Published: July 2024

This research aimed to evaluate the use of Ca-Soap from black soldier fly (BSF) larvae oil on physiological responses and hematology of male Garut sheep. Fifteen male Garut sheep were allocated into randomized block design with three treatments and five replicates. The treatments were T 0 (control), T 1 = T 0 + 4% Ca-soap, and T 2 = T 0 + 8% Ca-soap. The parameters observed included physiological responses, hematology, and water intake. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and any significant differences were further tested using Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that the supplementation of 8% Ca-soap of BSF larvae oil into the ration caused the respiration rate in the morning to be lower (P < 0.05) compared to control. Treatment had no effect on rectal temperature and heart rate of male Garut sheep. Hematological profiles were not affected by treatments, except that Ca-soap supplementation increased (P < 0.05) lymphocyte count, but decreased (P < 0.05) the neutrophiles/lymphocytes (N/L) ratio of male Garut sheep. Water intake was not affected by Ca-soap supplementation. This study concluded that Ca-soap of BSF larvae oil can be used up to 8% in the ration without any adverse effects. Even, it can improve the immune system of male Garut sheep.
Strategy to increase awareness of zoonosis among cat owners through education, vaccination and community strengthening
Authors: Andrianto MS , Widyastuti H , Hidayati N
Published: July 2024

The number of pet lovers is increasing, especially during the Covid 19 pandemic. Unfortunately, this has not been balanced with awareness of the potential for animal diseases that can be transmitted to humans or vice versa, called zoonotic diseases. The risk of zoonotic diseases can be reduced with proper knowledge by pet owners. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence zoonosis awareness among cat owners in Depok City. Data collection was carried out through online and offline surveys. The number of respondents was 215 people using voluntary sampling. Data were processed using binary logistic regression. The research results showed that most respondents did not know about zoonotic diseases (75%) and did not know the dangers (79%) even though their cats had been treated at an animal health center. Only 46% of respondents stated that their animals were vaccinated and provided special cages (65%). Factors influencing awareness of zoonosis are educational factors, community involvement, vaccination, and the number of animals kept. Meanwhile, the variables gender, age, provision of special cages, and expenses for animals do not influence zoonosis awareness. Vaccination campaigns are considered quite effective in promoting the dangers of zoonosis. The pet owners who recognize zoonosis tend to limit the number of pets.
Assessment of Serum Antibody Titers in Cattles and Buffaloes Post-Haemorrhagic septicaemia Outbreak in Aceh Singkil District, Indonesia
Authors: Prihandani S S , Wibawan I W T , Safika  , Noor S M , Sumirah  , Wahyuwardani S , Kurnianto H , Damayanti R , Widiastuti R , Hartono M I , Sukatma  , Munir I M , Nasution S S
Published: July 2024

Haemorrhagic septicaemia(HS) is a significant disease in the ruminant industry in tropical countries. A vaccination program for HS has been implemented in Aceh, Indonesia; however, fatal cases are still frequently reported. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HS based on the antibody titers in the area of HS outbreaks and to assess the coverage of ongoing vaccinations. One hundred seventeen blood samples from cattle and buffaloes in Aceh Singkil regency were collected purposively. To evaluate the serum samples, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used, and the results considered to be seropositive if the titer of the antibody was above 77 ELISA Units. The findings show that the overall seropositive of HS was 29.06%, and the vaccination coverage of the study area was only 22.22%. Hence, the vaccination program must be conducted continuously to control and prevent the disease.
Degeneration of kidney cells in high cholesterol-feeding rats treated with a combination of dadih and black glutinous rice: histology perspective
Authors: Laila S R , Darmawan A H F , Adnyane I K M , Sukmawinata E
Published: July 2024

Hypercholesterolemia can be harmful to cells, including the kidney cells. Fermented buffalo milk, “dadih” and black glutinous rice flakes “ampiang” are believed to be able to prevent hypercholesterolemia. This study aimed to analyze and identify histological changes in the kidneys of high cholesterol-fed rats treated with ampiang and dadih. Rats were distributed into three treatment groups: (A) negative control group given distilled water, (B) hypercholesterolemia group given 1% cholesterol, and (C) hypercholesterolemia prevention group given 1% cholesterol, ampiang, and dadih. All rats were treated for 35 days. Kidneys were collected by necropsy procedure on day 36. Kidney tissue was then prepared for histology using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The results showed hydropic degeneration of renal tubules in all treatment groups, with the highest percentage in the hypercholesterolemia group (B) (P<0.05). The percentage of degeneration in the group treated with ampiang and dadih (C) was the same as that in the negative control (A) (P>0.05). In the hypercholesterolemia group (B), necrosis, hemorrhage, and congestion were observed, while the other groups did not. Giving black glutinous rice flake ampiang and fermented buffalo milk dadih to prevent hypercholesterolemia can significantly prevent damage to the kidney organs.
The Effect of Fiber Intake on Blood Lipid Profile: A Mini Meta-analysis
Authors: Ridwan M , Palupi E , Setiawan B
Published: July 2024

Regulation of blood lipid profiles is significantly influenced by fiber. Consuming enough fiber can help to keep blood lipid profile within normal range, which in turn reduces the risk of heart disease. To synthesize the effect size ofs fiber intake on lipid profiles, a mini meta-analysis was conducted using Hedges’g method. Comprehensive Meta-analysis was used to analyze eleven studies that were coded for this purpose. The analysis findings indicated that dietary fiber consumption significantly reduces TC, LDL, and TG levels with cumulative effect-size were (±95% confidence interval) −1.38±1.21; −1.16±1.16; −0.53±0.65 respectively. At HDL levels, cumulative effect-size value was 0.83±0.94, so fiber consumption significantly increases HDL levels. The Egger regression and Begg rank correlation analysis found evidence of publication bias, with a p-value of less than 0.001. In conclusion, it can be stated that fiber intake may prevent dyslipidemia, which is a possible pathway to several non-communicable diseases.