bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Content of Fatty Acids of Oral Fat Tolerance Tests on Postprandial Triglyceridemia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Monfort-Pires Milena , Delgado-Lista Javier , Gomez-Delgado Francisco , Lopez-Miranda José , Perez-Martinez Pablo , Ferreira Sandra
Published: September 2016

Whether the content of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) could differently influence postprandial triglycerides (TG) is unknown. We examined possible differences in the postprandial TG response to fat tolerance tests (FTTs), in which SFA or unsaturated fatty acids were used. Crossover clinical trials investigating the effects of FTTs containing SFA and unsaturated fats on postprandial triglyceridemia in databases from 1994 until 2016 were searched. Of 356 studies, 338 were excluded and 18 were considered. TG net incremental areas under the curve were calculated using time-points or changes from baseline. Pooled effects of standardized mean differences and I2 test were used. Results: In 12 studies, responses to SFA versus PUFA meals, and in 16 studies versus MUFA meals were compared. Over 4 hours, no differences between SFA and unsaturated fats were observed. Over 8 hours a lower response to PUFA (SMD −2.28; 95%CI −4.16, −0.41) and a trend to lower response to MUFA (SMD −0.89, 95%CI −1.82, 0.04) were detected. FTTs shorter than 8 hours may not be sufficient to differentiate postprandial TG after challenges with distinct fatty acids. Clinical significance of different postprandial TG responses on cardiovascular risk in the long-term deserves investigation.
Total and Free Sugar Content of Canadian Prepackaged Foods and Beverages
Authors: Bernstein Jodi , Schermel Alyssa , Mills Christine , L’Abbé Mary
Published: September 2016

A number of recommendations for policy and program interventions to limit excess free sugar consumption have emerged, however there are a lack of data describing the amounts and types of sugar in foods. This study presents an assessment of sugar in Canadian prepackaged foods including: (a) the first systematic calculation of free sugar contents; (b) a comprehensive assessment of total sugar and free sugar levels; and (c) sweetener and free sugar ingredient use, using the University of Toronto’s Food Label Information Program (FLIP) database 2013 (n = 15,342). Food groups with the highest proportion of foods containing free sugar ingredients also had the highest median total sugar and free sugar contents (per 100 g/mL): desserts (94%, 15 g, and 12 g), sugars and sweets (91%, 50 g, and 50 g), and bakery products (83%, 16 g, and 14 g, proportion with free sugar ingredients, median total sugar and free sugar content in Canadian foods, respectively). Free sugar accounted for 64% of total sugar content. Eight of 17 food groups had ≥75% of the total sugar derived from free sugar. Free sugar contributed 20% of calories overall in prepackaged foods and beverages, with the highest at 70% in beverages. These data can be used to inform interventions aimed at limiting free sugar consumption.
Exercise, Appetite and Weight Control: Are There Differences between Men and Women?
Authors: Thackray Alice , Deighton Kevin , King James , Stensel David
Published: September 2016

Recent years have witnessed significant research interest surrounding the interaction among exercise, appetite and energy balance, which has important implications for health. The majority of exercise and appetite regulation studies have been conducted in males. Consequently, opportunities to examine sex-based differences have been limited, but represent an interesting avenue of inquiry considering postulations that men experience greater weight loss after exercise interventions than women. This article reviews the scientific literature relating to the acute and chronic effects of exercise on appetite control in men and women. The consensus of evidence demonstrates that appetite, appetite-regulatory hormone and energy intake responses to acute exercise do not differ between the sexes, and there is little evidence indicating compensatory changes occur after acute exercise in either sex. Limited evidence suggests women respond to the initiation of exercise training with more robust compensatory alterations in appetite-regulatory hormones than men, but whether this translates to long-term differences is unknown. Current exercise training investigations do not support sex-based differences in appetite or objectively assessed energy intake, and increasing exercise energy expenditure elicits at most a partial energy intake compensation in both sexes. Future well-controlled acute and chronic exercise studies directly comparing men and women are required to expand this evidence base.
A New Flexible Soy-Based Adhesive Enhanced with Neopentyl Glycol Diglycidyl Ether: Properties and Application
Authors: Luo Jing , Luo Jianlin , Zhang Jizhi , Bai Yuanyuan , Gao Qiang , Li Jianzhang , Li Li
Published: September 2016

Soy-based adhesives inherently possess low water resistance and brittleness, which limit their application on plywood fabrication. This investigation involves using a long chain cross-linker, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether (NGDE), to produce an intrinsic toughening effect to reduce the brittleness and improve the water resistance of a soybean meal–based adhesive. The solids content, viscosity, functional groups, fracture surface micrographs, and thermal stability of the adhesives were measured. Three-layer plywood was fabricated using the resultant adhesive, and the tensile shear strength of the plywood was measured. All adhesive properties were compared with a soybean meal/polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) adhesive and commercial melamine urea formaldehyde resin. The results showed that adding 6 g NGDE improved the water resistance of the soybean meal-based adhesive by 12.5%. This improvement is attributed to the following reasons: (1) a dense cross-linked network is formed by the chemical reaction between NGDE and protein molecules; (2) the toughness of the adhesive increases and a smooth and homogeneous fracture surface is created, which effectively prevents moisture intrusion; (3) the addition of NGDE increases the thermostability of the cured adhesive. The tensile shear strength of the plywood bonded with the soybean meal-based adhesive with 6 g NGDE was 286.2% higher than that without NGDE and attained 1.12 MPa, which was attributed to the reduction in the adhesive’s viscosity, and the improvement in the water resistance and toughness of the adhesive. The tensile shear strength of the plywood bonded with 6 g NGDE was 19.1% higher than that with 6 g PAE and was similar to the MUF resin, which validated the novel adhesive being suitable for use as an industrial plywood adhesive.
Ground-Control Networks for Image Based Surface Reconstruction: An Investigation of Optimum Survey Designs Using UAV Derived Imagery and Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry
Authors: Tonkin Toby , Midgley Nicholas
Published: September 2016

The use of small UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) and Structure-from-Motion (SfM) with Multi-View Stereopsis (MVS) for acquiring survey datasets is now commonplace, however, aspects of the SfM-MVS workflow require further validation. This work aims to provide guidance for scientists seeking to adopt this aerial survey method by investigating aerial survey data quality in relation to the application of ground control points (GCPs) at a site of undulating topography (Ennerdale, Lake District, UK). Sixteen digital surface models (DSMs) were produced from a UAV survey using a varying number of GCPs (3-101). These DSMs were compared to 530 dGPS spot heights to calculate vertical error. All DSMs produced reasonable surface reconstructions (vertical root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of <0.2 m), however, an improvement in DSM quality was found where four or more GCPs (up to 101 GCPs) were applied, with errors falling to within the suggested point quality range of the survey equipment used for GCP acquisition (e.g., vertical RMSE of <0.09 m). The influence of a poor GCP distribution was also investigated by producing a DSM using an evenly distributed network of GCPs, and comparing it to a DSM produced using a clustered network of GCPs. The results accord with existing findings, where vertical error was found to increase with distance from the GCP cluster. Specifically vertical error and distance to the nearest GCP followed a strong polynomial trend (R2 = 0.792). These findings contribute to our understanding of the sources of error when conducting a UAV-SfM survey and provide guidance on the collection of GCPs. Evidence-driven UAV-SfM survey designs are essential for practitioners seeking reproducible, high quality topographic datasets for detecting surface change.
Small Moving Vehicle Detection in a Satellite Video of an Urban Area
Authors: Yang Tao , Wang Xiwen , Yao Bowei , Li Jing , Zhang Yanning , He Zhannan , Duan Wencheng
Published: September 2016

Vehicle surveillance of a wide area allows us to learn much about the daily activities and traffic information. With the rapid development of remote sensing, satellite video has become an important data source for vehicle detection, which provides a broader field of surveillance. The achieved work generally focuses on aerial video with moderately-sized objects based on feature extraction. However, the moving vehicles in satellite video imagery range from just a few pixels to dozens of pixels and exhibit low contrast with respect to the background, which makes it hard to get available appearance or shape information. In this paper, we look into the problem of moving vehicle detection in satellite imagery. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to deal with moving vehicle detection from satellite videos. Our approach consists of two stages: first, through foreground motion segmentation and trajectory accumulation, the scene motion heat map is dynamically built. Following this, a novel saliency based background model which intensifies moving objects is presented to segment the vehicles in the hot regions. Qualitative and quantitative experiments on sequence from a recent Skybox satellite video dataset demonstrates that our approach achieves a high detection rate and low false alarm simultaneously.
Optimization of Stripping Voltammetric Sensor by a Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network for the Accurate Determination of Pb(II) in the Presence of Cd(II)
Authors: Zhao Guo , Wang Hui , Liu Gang , Wang Zhiqiang
Published: September 2016

An easy, but effective, method has been proposed to detect and quantify the Pb(II) in the presence of Cd(II) based on a Bi/glassy carbon electrode (Bi/GCE) with the combination of a back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) and square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) without further electrode modification. The effects of Cd(II) in different concentrations on stripping responses of Pb(II) was studied. The results indicate that the presence of Cd(II) will reduce the prediction precision of a direct calibration model. Therefore, a two-input and one-output BP-ANN was built for the optimization of a stripping voltammetric sensor, which considering the combined effects of Cd(II) and Pb(II) on the SWASV detection of Pb(II) and establishing the nonlinear relationship between the stripping peak currents of Pb(II) and Cd(II) and the concentration of Pb(II). The key parameters of the BP-ANN and the factors affecting the SWASV detection of Pb(II) were optimized. The prediction performance of direct calibration model and BP-ANN model were tested with regard to the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), average relative error (ARE), and correlation coefficient. The results proved that the BP-ANN model exhibited higher prediction accuracy than the direct calibration model. Finally, a real samples analysis was performed to determine trace Pb(II) in some soil specimens with satisfactory results.
Markov Task Network: A Framework for Service Composition under Uncertainty in Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Mohammed Abdul-Wahid , Xu Yang , Hu Haixiao , Agyemang Brighter
Published: September 2016

In novel collaborative systems, cooperative entities collaborate services to achieve local and global objectives. With the growing pervasiveness of cyber-physical systems, however, such collaboration is hampered by differences in the operations of the cyber and physical objects, and the need for the dynamic formation of collaborative functionality given high-level system goals has become practical. In this paper, we propose a cross-layer automation and management model for cyber-physical systems. This models the dynamic formation of collaborative services pursuing laid-down system goals as an ontology-oriented hierarchical task network. Ontological intelligence provides the semantic technology of this model, and through semantic reasoning, primitive tasks can be dynamically composed from high-level system goals. In dealing with uncertainty, we further propose a novel bridge between hierarchical task networks and Markov logic networks, called the Markov task network. This leverages the efficient inference algorithms of Markov logic networks to reduce both computational and inferential loads in task decomposition. From the results of our experiments, high-precision service composition under uncertainty can be achieved using this approach.
Electronic Nose Testing Procedure for the Definition of Minimum Performance Requirements for Environmental Odor Monitoring
Authors: Eusebio Lidia , Capelli Laura , Sironi Selena
Published: September 2016

Despite initial enthusiasm towards electronic noses and their possible application in different fields, and quite a lot of promising results, several criticalities emerge from most published research studies, and, as a matter of fact, the diffusion of electronic noses in real-life applications is still very limited. In general, a first step towards large-scale-diffusion of an analysis method, is standardization. The aim of this paper is describing the experimental procedure adopted in order to evaluate electronic nose performances, with the final purpose of establishing minimum performance requirements, which is considered to be a first crucial step towards standardization of the specific case of electronic nose application for environmental odor monitoring at receptors. Based on the experimental results of the performance testing of a commercialized electronic nose type with respect to three criteria (i.e., response invariability to variable atmospheric conditions, instrumental detection limit, and odor classification accuracy), it was possible to hypothesize a logic that could be adopted for the definition of minimum performance requirements, according to the idea that these are technologically achievable.
A Portable Laser Photoacoustic Methane Sensor Based on FPGA
Authors: Wang Jianwei , Wang Huili , Liu Xianyong
Published: September 2016

A portable laser photoacoustic sensor for methane (CH4) detection based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is reported. A tunable distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser in the 1654 nm wavelength range is used as an excitation source. The photoacoustic signal processing was implemented by a FPGA device. A small resonant photoacoustic cell is designed. The minimum detection limit (1σ) of 10 ppm for methane is demonstrated.
M-Polynomial and Related Topological Indices of Nanostar Dendrimers
Authors: Munir Mobeen , Nazeer Waqas , Rafique Shazia , Kang Shin
Published: September 2016

Dendrimers are highly branched organic macromolecules with successive layers of branch units surrounding a central core. The M-polynomial of nanotubes has been vastly investigated as it produces many degree-based topological indices. These indices are invariants of the topology of graphs associated with molecular structure of nanomaterials to correlate certain physicochemical properties like boiling point, stability, strain energy, etc. of chemical compounds. In this paper, we first determine M-polynomials of some nanostar dendrimers and then recover many degree-based topological indices.
Discharge Fee Policy Analysis: A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model of Water Resources and Water Environments
Authors: Fang Guohua , Wang Ting , Si Xinyi , Wen Xin , Liu Yu
Published: September 2016

To alleviate increasingly serious water pollution and shortages in developing countries, various kinds of policies have been implemented by local governments. It is vital to quantify and evaluate the performance and potential economic impacts of these policies. This study develops a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to simulate the regional economic and environmental effects of discharge fees. Firstly, water resources and water environment factors are separated from the input and output sources of the National Economic Production Department. Secondly, an extended Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of Jiangsu province is developed to simulate various scenarios. By changing values of the discharge fees (increased by 50%, 100% and 150%), three scenarios are simulated to examine their influence on the overall economy and each industry. The simulation results show that an increased fee will have a negative impact on Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, waste water may be effectively controlled. Also, this study demonstrates that along with the economic costs, the increase of the discharge fee will lead to the upgrading of industrial structures from a situation of heavy pollution to one of light pollution which is beneficial to the sustainable development of the economy and the protection of the environment.
ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF SOLUTIONS TO NONLINEAR FRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: Kassim Mohammed D. , Furati Khaled M. , Tatar Nasser-Eddine
Published: September 2016

It is known that, under certain conditions, solutions of some ordinary differential equations of first, second or even higher order are asymptotic to polynomials as time goes to infinity. We generalize and extend some of the existing results to differential equations of non-integer order. Reasonable conditions and appropriate underlying spaces are determined ensuring that solutions of fractional differential equations with nonlinear right hand sides approach power type functions as time goes to infinity. The case of fractional differential problems with fractional damping is also considered. Our results are obtained by using generalized versions of GronwallBellman inequality and appropriate desingularization techniques.
ON THE DIRICHLET-NEUMANN BOUNDARY PROBLEM FOR SCALAR CONSERVATION LAWS
Authors: Mišur Marin , Mitrovic Darko , Novak Andrej
Published: September 2016

We consider a Dirichlet-Neumann boundary problem in a bounded domain for scalar conservation laws. We construct an approximate solution to the problem via an elliptic approximation for which, under appropriate assumptions, we prove that the corresponding limit satisfies the considered equation in the interior of the domain. The basic tool is the compensated compactness method. We also provide numerical examples.
The Cathedral of Vilnius: Problems and Features of Natural Conditions
Authors: Gadeikis Saulius , Dundulis Kastytis , Daukšytė Aistė , Gadeikytė Sonata
Published: September 2016

The Cathedral of Vilnius is one of the main architectural monuments in Lithuania. This structure was built in unfavourable geological conditions. Due to this reason, the foundation of the building subsides; there occur wall deformations and cracks. Preservation of the building is today’s urgent problem. When evaluating the geologic environment from the perspective of engineering, construction works require deep analysis of the following key environment components and discuss them: relief, soils of geologic structure and their geotechnical properties, conditions of underground water occurrence and geological processes, and condition of the foundation. The article provides the brief history of construction and reconstruction of the Cathedral based on archival studies, the description of engineering geological conditions, and the archeologic and historic material of the evaluation of the foundation.
LCA Design Considerations for Cyclically Loaded Piles in Railway Infrastructure
Authors: Beijer Lundberg Anders
Published: September 2016

Future development of high-speed railways in Sweden will likely contain a large amount of piled structures, both bridges and piled embankments. Railway tracks used in high-speed railways are highly sensitive to settlements, in comparison to standard railway systems. The possible long-term settlement of the piles is therefore of large interest for the life- Cycle Analysis (LCA) of the railway system, since frequent repair of the track increases the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) of the system. This issue has not previously been the main concern in pile design, and therefore requires special attention as an internal part of the railway support system. The design considerations related to the cyclic axial loading of piles are here analyzed in brief, and typical soil conditions are discussed to illuminate possible problems of practical design for these types of piles and how it can be addressed in practical design. The concept of LCA and LCC for the long-term structural response of cyclically loaded piles is also considered.
Geotechnical Problems of Tartu Old Town
Authors: Mets Mait , Pallav Vello , Raudsepp Rauno
Published: September 2016

This article analyses the formation of soil properties and the behaviour of buildings in Tartu Old Town. For assessing this, data was gathered from settled constructions, which showed that geotechnical actions change the properties of fluvial sediments variously and as such need thorough research. The preservation of wood used in foundations depends on their placement in geological layers, on the fluctuations of surface water and the geotechnical solutions used. The effects of geotechnical actions conducted before need more attention and therefore new projectsolutions in Tartu Old Town need thorough geotechnical research in each case.
The Case of the New Tagus River Leziria Bridge
Authors: Sêco e Pinto Pedro , Oliveira Ricardo , Portugal Alexandre
Published: September 2016

A brief description of the New Tagus River Leziria Bridge composed by 1695 m North Viaduct, by 970 m Main Bridge and by South Viaduct with a length of 9200 m is presented. The observed thickness of the foundation alluvia material varies between 35 m and 55 m with a maximum value of 62 m. Hundred eighteen boreholes were performed with a depth between 21 m and 71 m and eight boreholes were performed from a maritime platform. Standard penetration tests (SPT) were carried out in all boreholes 1.5 m apart. In addition CPTu tests, seismic cone tests, crosshole and downhole tests were performed. In three boreholes continuous undisturbed sampling with a triple sampler Geogor S was performed. Related with static laboratory tests namely identification tests, triaxial tests, direct shear tests and oedometer tests were performed. In addition for the dynamic characterization reasonant columns tests and torsional cyclic tests were performed. One of the most important considerations for the designers is the risk of earthquakes since Lisbon was wiped out by an 8.5 Ritcher magnitude earthquake in 1755. The seismic studies related to the design spectra were performed. The liquefaction potential evaluation was performed only by field tests taking into account the disturbance that occurs during sampling of sandy materials. In this analysis attention was drawn for SPT and CPT tests as seismic tests have only been used when soil contains gravel particles. The shear stress values were computed from a total stresses model, that gave results on the conservative side using the code “SHAKE 2000”. For the North and South Viaducts 1.5 m diameter piles were used and for the Main Bridge 2.2 m diameter piles were used. For the construction of the piles metallic casings were driven by a vibrofonceur or a hydraulic hammer and the piles length varies between 20 m to 56 m. Static pile load tests (both vertical and horizontal tests) were carried out on trial piles. In addition pile dynamic tests were performed. The construction aspects related with piles and bridge construction are addressed. To assess the integrity of the piles reception tests by sonic diagraphies (crosshole tests) were performed. Some problems that have occurred during piles construction in the Main Bridge, due to the gravel and cobbles dimensions, are described. The bridge was monitored with the purposes of: (i) Validation of design criteria and calibration of mental model; (ii) Analysis of bridge behavior during his life; and (iii) Corrective measures for the rehabilitation of the structure.
Anisotropy of the Strength Properties of Clays of the North of Belarus
Authors: Kremniou Aliaksander , Vishniakov Nikolai
Published: September 2016

This paper describes the results of experimental investigations anisotropic clay at triaxial tests and uniaxial compression. A band clay of glacial origin has been selected for the study widespread in the north of Belarus. Clays have layered texture due to the conditions of formation. Tests were carried out at different angles to the plane of soil stratification. Test results show significant differences in the values of strength characteristics of soils.
Initial DPSH Soil Test Results with Accelerometer Installed in the Probe Cone
Authors: Kelevišius Kęstutis , Žaržojus Gintaras
Published: September 2016

Dynamic penetration test (DPSH) is one of the large amount of soil in-situ tests are known. In world practice, this method usually used for granular soil investigations although it could be applied in cohesive soils. Correlation of received DPSH test results with soil properties is complex and often not reliable. Especially it becomes obvious after application in cohesive soil analysis. In most cases, correlation depends on soil response to dynamic cone penetration and deformation of dynamic sounding equipment. Measurement of cone accelerations allows precisely evaluate loss of hammer energy, displacement of the cone during strike and other parameters. Correlation of DPSH (measured acceleration of the cone) and CPT test results are presented in this article. In this article also presented studies of possibilities to determine dynamic soil characteristics.
Numerical Modelling of Inclined Piles in Settling Soil
Authors: Lundberg Anders Beijer , Resare Fredrik , Axelsson Gary
Published: September 2016

The allowable load for slender end-bearing piles in soft soils driven or drilled to compact till or rock frequently depends on the structural capacity of the pile. Pile groups consisting of such slender preceast concrete or steel piles often include inclined piles, since such small-diameter piles have a limited horizontal bearing capacity. Inclined piles placed in settling soil are subjected to a lateral force, which reduces the pile structural capacity. The simplified beam-spring design methods normally used to predict the impact on the structural capacity of inclined piles in settling soil are currently very crude because of the simplified description of the real pile and soil. On the other hand, the possibility to accurately calculate settlements in soft soil is highly developed, and it is possible to include creep effects in routine settlement calculations. There is currently no direct link between the advanced settlement analysis and the crude beam-spring idealization of inclined piles in settling soil. A full numerical model containing both the pile soilstructure interaction and the settlement process is very time-consuming to run and associated with mesh convergence and contact formulation problems. Herein a suitable modelling idealization of the settling soil is discussed, in which a settlement distribution from an advanced FEM-analysis is adapted to a simplified FEM or beam spring analysis suitable for practical design. The calculation method is compared to field measurements, and is shown to compare well with the field case. A strategy to adapt the settlement profile to model calculation of inclined piles is discussed.
Ultimate Limit State Design of Spread Foundations in The Case of Uplift
Authors: Bogusz Witold
Published: September 2016

As vast majority of spread foundations are never subjected to vertical uplift loads, the subject of uplift capacity in such cases is barely covered by current European standards. Although the limit state design due to uplift is a subject of a section 10 of Eurocode 7, it mainly covers the possibility of a hydraulic failure while taking into the account any destabilizing variable actions. However, in the case of separate foundations of lattice towers used as support structures for overhead power lines, the uplift capacity of spread foundations often governs the design. The rules for the design of these structures are included in the informative annex M of EN 50341-1: 2012 Overhead electrical lines exceeding AC 1 kV – Part 1: General requirements – Common specifications. Rules presented in this standard differ significantly from those presented in Eurocode 7. The purpose of this paper is to present the design approaches for the limit state design of spread foundations subjected to uplift, while the differences between design rules and resulting variation of reliability are the primary concerns.
The Results of Dynamic (Pile Driving Analysis) and Traditional Static Piling Tests in Capital of Kazakhstan
Authors: Zhussupbekov Askar , Lukpanov Rauan , Omarov Abdulla
Published: September 2016

Traditionally, pile load tests in Kazakhstan are carried out using static and dynamic load test methods. Static pile load test is the most reliable method to obtain the load-settlement relation of piles. Most of the static pile load tests are performed using reaction systems. Furthermore, cost and time for the static pile load test are relatively high compared to the dynamic pile load testing. Therefore, the number of pile load tests in construction site is limited to 2 or 5 piles in usual of constructed piles In Kazakhstan. This paper includes the short summary about dynamic and static tests by driven piles (cross-section 30×30 cm and length of 12 m). The methodologies of definition bearing capacity of the pile by aforementioned methods were also given. As an example for those methods, paper describes the results of the dynamic, traditional static and the new PDA (Pile Dynamic Analyzer) tests of cooperative work of soils and piles performed in the construction site of the New Railway Station in Astana. According to the results of tests were determined the possible depth of penetration and bearing capacity of piles, as well as recommendations on the device of working. The construction is part of the preparations for EXPO 2017. It will be 11 times bigger than the existing railway station. The height of the six-floor complex will be 49.5 metres, the width 116 metres and the length 630 metres.
Evaluation of Sand-Shell Mixture Behaviour for Breakwater Foundation
Authors: Tavallali Abbass , Mollaert Justine
Published: September 2016

The available sand material for a breakwater foundation is mixed with shells. The shell percentage of the sand material is variable and percentages up to even 50% are observed. It is essential to evaluate the properties and the behaviour of the sand-shell mixture as this will form the improved breakwater foundation. In reality the backfilled sand of the breakwater foundation has different relative densities in different depths. In this study the mechanical properties of the sand-shell mixture for different relative densities are evaluated. For different relative densities of sand-shell mixture the direct shear tests and the consolidated undrained triaxial tests are carried out on some samples. The results of the experiments showed that the samples with higher relative density show a higher internal friction angle. However, for the samples with even low relative density, an internal friction angle of less than 32° is not observed. The volume variation of the samples with different relative densities are monitored. Samples with low relative density showed a contraction behaviour; resulting in an increase of the pore water pressure, a reduction of the effective strength and finally the samples become susceptible to liquefaction. While the samples with high relative density showed a dilatancy behaviour.
Applications of Mass Stabilization at Baltic Sea Region
Authors: Forsman Juha , Marjamäki Tommi , Jyrävä Harri , Lindroos Noora , Autiola Merja
Published: September 2016

Mass stabilization is soil improvement method to increase the strength and stiffness of soft soils (e.g. peat, mud, clay, silt) by using an admixed binder agent. In the demanding soil conditions of Baltic Sea region shore line and interior soft soil areas, cost effective soil improvement methods are needed in the foundation engineering and earth construction. Methods are also needed in the handling of soft and/or contaminated sediments (clay, mud, etc.), which are not allowed for off shore dumping. For these applications, mass stabilization has been proven to be a cost effective method and the effectiveness of mass stabilization has been demonstrated in laboratory and in field conditions during last decades. Especially good results have been reached with contaminated dredged sediments, which enable harbours to reuse sediments for construction. Better cost effectiveness has been achieved when by-products or waste materials have been utilized as a binder. Numerous mass stabilization projects have been carried out around the word and in the Nordic countries since beginning of 1990’s. In this article is presented: the principles of mass stabilization method, case examples of using mass stabilization in harbour and road construction projects, utilization of by-product or waste based binders and the cost effectiveness of that kind of binders.
The Need for Multifunctional Dikes in Europe – the MultiDikes Project Concept
Authors: Saathoff Fokke , Cantré Stefan , Olschewski Jan
Published: September 2016

In Europe there is a considerable interest in new flood protection technologies. In case of sea or river dikes, the land consumption is an important issue, particularly in densely populated urban areas or when other land uses are compromised. However, dikes are generally restricted to the function of flood protection. Only few additional functions are common, such as roads and pathways, which often cause difficulties regarding the planning, construction and maintenance of dikes. The concept of dikes with multiple functions is therefore new. Some innovations are being developed in the Netherlands while in Germany and the rest of Europe these concepts are yet unknown – with the exception of a new prospect regarding woody plants on dams and dikes which is under investigation in Austria and Germany. The lack of multifunctionality also results from the respective laws and regulations, in which the usability of dike construction is strongly restricted. This should be discussed and rethought. The need for multifunctional dike concepts was approved by the German BMBF by funding a seed money project for a duration of 2 years. In this preparatory project, a larger EU cooperation project will be developed, in which the need for multifunctional flood protections and possible solutions will be investigated for different model regions around Europe. This paper presents the general concept and first ideas with the aim of finding additional partners and to start the discussion in the geotechnical research community.
Experiences from the High Geotextile Reinforced Retaining Wall – Case Study
Authors: Vaníček Ivan , Vaníček Martin
Published: September 2016

Paper describes experiences obtained during the construction of high soil reinforced retaining wall. Such walls are now used during the foundation of large logistic and distribution centres on inclined terrain. First problems appeared roughly 2 years after the wall construction, when wide tensile cracks on the fill surface were observed behind the zone of reinforcement. First step of problem evaluation showed that this crack is connected to wall overturning. Therefore the reconstruction was recommended, upper part was removed and constructed under new evaluation of all relevant limit states and design situations. Phase of reconstruction was monitored and was used as an approval of the safe design. Experiences obtained during all described phases create an important know-how for next similar applications.
Complex Geotechnical Engineering for Port of Gdansk Development – Gateway to Central-Eastern Europe
Authors: Buca Rafał , Mitrosz Oskar
Published: September 2016

Port of Gdansk development strategy 2027 is to become leading European hub in the Baltic Sea and assumes i.a. improvement of inland road and rail accessibility, increase of the port capacity for container throughput and intermodal transport, increase port’s throughput capacity for goods other than containerized cargo. The paper presents several complex geotechnical design & build tasks that have already been done for port’s infrastructure and superstructure development and extension i.a. road tunnel under Vistula river linking port with city industrial area or Deepwater Container Terminal Gdansk with a new berth and container stacking yards. The paper discusses multiple geotechnical challenges and alternative soil treatment methods. The authors share conclussions and recommendations of successful application of various ground improvement technologies.
Additional Geotechnical Investigation Task for Slope Stabilization Project at Regional Road P130 Līgas – Kandava – Veģi, km 14.00 – 14.20, Latvia
Authors: Arhipenko Romāns
Published: September 2016

Slope stabilization is quite rare geotechnical design task in Latvia. Therefore, no much practical experience is accumulated in geotechnical society hands within this field. The problem solving process is unroutine and shall be based on engineering judgement, made by person responsible for design. The case study of the particular creeping slope stabilization problem contains the history of it’s evolution and the planned geotechnical investigation methods which will be implemented for additional geotechnical investigations. In author’s opinion the experience described in this article highlights the importance of geotechnical work programme elaboration by the person responsible for the design structural solution, and the necessity of supervision during geotechnical investigation process.
POSSIBLE THERMOLUMINESCENCE OF THE SOLID COMETARY SUBSTANCE: THERMOLUMINESCENCE OF COMETARY SUBSTANCE
Authors: Simonia Irakli
Published: September 2016

The article describes a mechanism of the possible thermoluminescence of solid cometary substances, including dusty halos. We propose to consider comet flares as the thermoluminescence of the cometary ices and mineral dust. The article provides the results of some laboratory experiments on frozen phosphorescence of a number of minerals (quartz, forsterite, and diamond) conducted over the past several years and relevant for reviewing the given problem. We also propose a concept of the comet’s luminescent relictography and some scientific initiations. Properties of red and blue thermoluminescence flares of cometary halos are described, and we consider the similarity of thermoluminescence and cathodoluminescence processes of cometary dust. Various aspects of the problem are under discussion.
HATS-11B AND HATS-12B: TWO TRANSITING HOT JUPITERS ORBITING SUBSOLAR METALLICITY STARS SELECTED FOR THE K2 CAMPAIGN 7*
Authors: Rabus M. , Jordán A. , Hartman J. D. , Bakos G. Á. , Espinoza N. , Brahm R. , Penev K. , Ciceri S. , Zhou G. , Bayliss D. , Mancini L. , Bhatti W. , de Val-Borro M. , Csbury Z. , Sato B. , Tan T.-G. , Henning T. , Schmidt B. , Bento J. , Suc V. , Noyes R. , Lázár J. , Papp I. , Sári P.
Published: September 2016

We report the discovery of two transiting extrasolar planets from the HATSouth survey. HATS-11, a V = 14.1 G0-star shows a periodic

mmag dip in its light curve every 3.6192 days and a radial velocity variation consistent with a Keplerian orbit. HATS-11 has a mass of

, a radius of

and an effective temperature of

K, while its companion is a

,

planet in a circular orbit. HATS-12 shows a periodic 5.1 mmag flux decrease every 3.1428 days and Keplerian RV variations around a V = 12.8 F-star. HATS-12 has a mass of

, a radius of

, and an effective temperature of

K. For HATS-12b, our measurements indicate that this is a

,

planet in a circular orbit. Both host stars show subsolar metallicities of

dex and

dex, respectively, and are (slightly) evolved stars. In fact, HATS-11 is among the most metal-poor and, HATS-12, with a

of

, is among the most evolved stars hosting a hot-Jupiter planet. Importantly, HATS-11 and HATS-12 have been observed in long cadence by Kepler as part of K2 campaign 7 (EPIC216414930 and EPIC218131080 respectively).
AMPLIFICATION OF COLLECTIVE MAGNETIC FLUCTUATIONS IN MAGNETIZED BI-MAXWELLIAN PLASMAS FOR PARALLEL WAVE VECTORS. I. ELECTRON–PROTON PLASMA
Authors: Vafin S. , Schlickeiser R. , Yoon P. H.
Published: September 2016

The general electromagnetic fluctuation theory is a powerful tool to analyze the magnetic fluctuation spectrum of a plasma. Recent works utilizing this theory for a magnetized non-relativistic isotropic Maxwellian electron–proton plasma have demonstrated that the equilibrium ratio of

can be as high as 10−12. This value results from the balance between spontaneous emission of fluctuations and their damping, and it is considerably smaller than the observed value

in the solar wind at 1 au, where

. In the present manuscript, we consider an anisotropic bi-Maxwellian distribution function to investigate the effect of plasma instabilities on the magnetic field fluctuations. We demonstrate that these instabilities strongly amplify the magnetic field fluctuations and provide a sufficient mechanism to explain the observed value of

in the solar wind at 1 au.
INFERRING THE CORONAL DENSITY IRREGULARITY FROM EUV SPECTRA
Authors: Hahn M. , Savin D. W.
Published: September 2016

Understanding the density structure of the solar corona is important for modeling both coronal heating and the solar wind. Direct measurements are difficult because of line-of-sight integration and possible unresolved structures. We present a new method for quantifying such structures using density-sensitive extreme ultraviolet line intensities to derive a density irregularity parameter, a relative measure of the amount of structure along the line of sight. We also present a simple model to relate the inferred irregularities to physical quantities, such as the filling factor and density contrast. For quiet-Sun regions and interplume regions of coronal holes, we find a density contrast of at least a factor of 3–10 and corresponding filling factors of about 10%–20%. Our results are in rough agreement with other estimates of the density structures in these regions. The irregularity diagnostic provides a useful relative measure of unresolved structure in various regions of the corona.
PLANETARY CAUSTIC PERTURBATIONS OF A CLOSE-SEPARATION PLANET ON MICROLENSING
Authors: Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Kim Han-Seek , Chung Sun-Ju , Kim Dong-Jin
Published: September 2016

Most planetary events discovered up to date by the planetary caustic of close-separation planets have low-mass ratios. In next-generation microlensing experiments with a wider field of view and a higher cadence, it is possible to obtain densely covered planetary signals induced by the planetary caustic of close-separation planets without missing events. Therefore, the planetary caustic perturbation of close-separation planets would be the more important channel to detect low-mass exoplanets in the next generation of microlensing surveys. In this paper, we investigate the theoretical properties and detection conditions for the planetary caustic perturbation of close-separation planets. To find the properties of the planetary caustic perturbation, we construct deviation maps by subtracting the single-lensing magnification of the lens star from the planetary lensing magnification for various lensing parameters. We find that each deviation area of the positive and negative perturbations disappears at the same normalized source radius according to a given deviation threshold regardless of mass ratio but disappears at a different normalized source radius according to the separation. We also estimate the upper limit of the normalized source radius to detect the planetary caustic perturbation. We find simple relations between the upper limit of the normalized source radius and the lensing parameters. From the relations, we obtain an analytic condition for the theoretical detection limit of the planet, which shows that we can sufficiently discover a planet with a sub-Earth-mass for typical microlensing events. Therefore, we conclude that our planet-detection condition of can be used as an important criteria for maximal planet detections, considering the source type and the photometric accuracy and expect that a number of low-mass planets will be added from the next-generation microlensing experiments.
SUZAKU X-RAY OBSERVATIONS OF THE NEAREST NON-COOL CORE CLUSTER, ANTLIA: DYNAMICALLY YOUNG BUT WITH REMARKABLY RELAXED OUTSKIRTS
Authors: Wong Ka-Wah , Irwin Jimmy A. , Wik Daniel R. , Sun Ming , Sarazin Craig L. , Fujita Yutaka , Reiprich Thomas H.
Published: September 2016

We present the results of seven Suzaku mosaic observations (>200 ks in total) of the nearest non-cool core cluster, the Antlia Cluster (or Group), beyond its degree-scale virial radius in its eastern direction. The temperature is consistent with the scaled profiles of many other clusters. Its pressure follows the universal profile. The density slope in its outskirts is significantly steeper than that of the nearest cool core cluster (Virgo) with a similar temperature as Antlia, but shallower than those of the massive clusters. The entropy increases all the way out to R
200, which is consistent in value with the baseline model predicted by a gravity heating-only mechanism in the outskirts. Antlia is quite relaxed in this direction. However, the entropy inside ∼R
500 is significantly higher than the baseline model, which is similar to many other nearby low mass clusters or groups. The enclosed gas-mass fraction does not exceed the cosmic value out to

. Thus, there is no evidence of significant gas clumping, electron-ion non-equipartition, or departure from the hydrostatic equilibrium approximation that are suggested to explain the entropy and gas fraction anomalies found in the outskirts of some massive clusters. We also present scaling relations for the gas fraction (

), entropy (K
200), and temperature (T
500) using 22 groups and clusters with published data in the literature. The enclosed baryon fraction at R
200 is broadly consistent with the cosmic value. The power law slope of the K
200–T
500 relation is 0.638 ± 0.205. The entropy deficit at R
200 cannot be fully accounted for by the bias or deviation in the gas fraction.
Interrelated aspects of residential suburbanization and collective quality of life: A case study in Czech suburbs
Authors: Biolek Jaroslav , Andráško Ivan , Malý Jiří , Zrůstová Pavlína
Published: September 2016

Most people moving to suburban municipalities seek to enhance their quality of life. However, residential suburbanization may contribute to spatial separation of the population and adversely affect the collective quality of life. This article focuses on socio-geographical aspects of quality of life in the context of suburbanization from a theoretical perspective and also based on a case study in the countryside around the Czech city of Olomouc. Due to the complex nature of this issue, a range of qualitatively oriented methods was applied in the municipalities most affected by residential suburbanization. The findings of the case study show that quality of life for people living in these suburbs is influenced by geographical conditions as well as relations within the community and residents’ participation in public life in the municipality.