bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP KEKAMBUHAN PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA DI RUMAH SAKIT JIWA TAMPAN PEKANBARU TAHUN 2020
Authors: Marlita Lora , Oktavia Viola , Wulandini Putri
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

The family is the most important unit in the development of scizophrenia patients. Good family support can help patients in terms of prevention of recurrence. Scizophrenic improving the helth status of patients and giving full attention in providing support will affect the reduced recurrence in patients. The study aims to identify the relationship of family support with recurrence of scizoprhenic patients at Riau Province Tampan mental hospital. The design of this study was dynamics correlation. The population in this study is outpatient family. The sample in this study amounted 181 respondents. Data collection was carried out in March 2020 with the use of a questionnaire. The result were analyzed by using chi-square test to see the relationship between the two varibles, namely family support and recurrence, then the result of the study are presented using the frequency distribution table. From the result of the research that has been done, it is know there is a significant relationship between family support and recurrence. Based on the result of these studies it is expected to the family to provide themselves in assisting patients everyday so as to prevent the recurrence of patient

 Keyword :Family support, Outpatient Response of Outpatient Scizophrenia

                                                                                       ABSTRAK

Keluarga merupakan unit terpenting dalam perkembangan pasien skizofrenia. Dukungan keluarga yang baik dapat membantu pasien dalam hal pencegahan kekambuhan. Pasien skizofrenia yang berasal dari keluarga yang memiliki support system yang baik dalam hal mempertahankan dan meningkatkan status kesehatan pasien serta memberikan dukungan akan berpengaruh pada berkurangnya kekambuhan pada pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan kekambuhan pasien skizofrenia di Poliklinik Rumah Sakit Jiwa (RSJ) Tampan Provinsi Riau. Desain penelitian ini adalah dinamika korelasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah keluarga pasien rawat jalan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 181 responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan maret 2020 dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian ini dianalisa dengan menggunakan uji chi-square untuk melihat adanya hubungan antara kedua variabel yaitu dukungan keluarga dan kekambuhan, kemudian hasil penelitian disajikan dengan menggunakan tabel distribusi frekuensi. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan maka diketahui ada hubungan yang signifikan antara dukungan keluarga dengan kekambuhan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut maka diharapkan kepada keluarga agar memberikan diri dalam mendampingi pasien sehari-hari sehingga dapat mencegah kekambuhan pesien.

Kata kunci: Dukungan keluarga, Kekambuhan pasien skizofrenia
La importancia motivacional de la felicidad en la ética de Kant: acerca de Virtud, felicidad y religión en la filosofía moral de Kant de Faviola Rivera Castro
Authors: Marey Macarena
Published: July 2020

En este estudio crítico, analizo la obra de Rivera Castro Virtud, felicidad y religión en la filosofía moral de Kant, obra en la que se resalta la importancia de la felicidad en la ética de Kant y se busca establecer su relación con la virtud. Mis objeciones conceptuales y metodológicas se orientan eminentemente a cuestionar su tesis básica sobre el alcance y especificidad del rol motivacional de la felicidad en tanto que componente del bien supremo.
Looking back to Quiddity Between Traditional Chinese Architecture and Ancestor Worship
Authors: Li Mengbi
Published: July 2020

Ancestor worship was profound in pre-modern China, so how was it originally related to architecture and how was it associated with a notion of quiddity? This essay unravels an integration of triadic notions linking ancestry to architecture and quiddity (essence of being), even though they may be seen as discrete from a modern perspective. Architecture was viewed as an important representation of ancestry and an indicator of the sanctity of ancestors in pre-modern China. The triadic interconnected relationship can first be found in the overlapping meanings of words in ancient Chinese. It is then observed through the composition and implication of miaohao (literally the name of the temple, but in practice, a posthumous title for the emperor) and tanghao (literally, the formal name of the hall). The essay suggests that from regular reflection upon the quiddity between architecture and ancestor worship, the triad formed a mutually interconnected and mutually enhanced relationship. Although seemingly unique to pre-modern Chinese architecture, the ultimate need to periodically reflect upon the quiddity of architecture and the quiddity of family may in fact be a universal pursuit.
AGROEXTRACTIVISM IN THE AMAZON: THE SPECIFICITIES OF RELATIONS WITH THE
GLOBAL MARKET
Authors:   Rute Holanda Lopes, Suelânia Cristina Gonzaga de Figueiredo, Kátia Viana Cavalcante, Elizangêla de Jesus Oliveira, Maria Francisca Silva Bastos, Jéssica Lahís Silva Bastos de Menezes and David Barbosa de Alencar
Published: July 2020

The inclusion of Amazonian communities in the productive chain of industrialized products is usually defended as an option for sustainable development for these communities and for improving the production process as a whole by reducing chemical bases and the use of sources of ecological raw materials. However, experience shows that, in many cases, the activity is started and later abandoned by the prospecting companies. A case study was carried out in the Santo Antônio do Abonari Community in the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo - AM, which aimed to analyze its insertion in the cosmetics production chain as a supplier of buriti oil to industries that produce or benefit this product for companies in this sector. It was found that the insertion of a community of family farmers in the global economy, needs to be planned through an in-depth study that involves a multidisciplinary team for the initial assessment and monitoring during the first productive cycles so that local populations can assimilate the knowledge and management, production and storage practices to guarantee quality within the technical specifications of each product and conditions for maintaining the activity through good management and financial control practices. This monitoring must also be done by the public sector, mainly with the provision of technical assistance and with the supervision and search for commercial agreements to guarantee the remuneration of those involved in the production and in compliance with the current legislation.
Legal Issues in IP Protection for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Flank Sharon
Published: July 2020

Additive manufacturing (“AM”) offers the power to design and create in new ways but also brings challenges in intellectual property protection and unauthorized copying, along with potential liability issues. One growing problem is counterfeiting, which is recognized as part of a worldwide industry estimated at over $1 trillion. “There are two basic paths to creating counterfeits with 3D printing.” First, the print instructions, in the form of a software design file, can be stolen, shared, or mocked up. Alternatively, an existing object “(including a genuine branded or licensed product)” can be 3D scanned to create a design file to print a copy. “Hybrids of the two paths also exist, for example, a 3D scan version that is then altered in one or more characteristics.”
Ibdāl Al-Yā’ wa ‘Aksih bi Al-Alif Al-Layyinah fī Kurrāsah Al-Tadrīb “HIKMAH” li Al-Ṭullāb Al-Madrasah Al-‘Āliyyah Al-Ulā bi Jember
Authors: Hasanah Wihdatul , Ahmad Faris Maturedy , Arifandi Fathoni
Published: July 2020

Teaching material is a crucial component in the learning process. Therefore, teaching materials must be in accordance with the criteria set by the experts to be suitable for use by learners. Arabic teaching materials in this case student worksheets still have errors in aspects of their writing. This certainly makes the wrong words difficult to understand and can even change the meaning. This study aims to analyze errors in the use of alif layyinah and yes'. This study uses a qualitative approach with error analysis in the text. The results of this study are there are 35 errors in writing alif layyinah and yes' in the worksheet book.
Struktur Kepribadian dan Mekanisme Pertahanan Ego Tokoh Utama dalam Naskah Drama Al-Wajhu Al-Muẓlim li Al-Qamar Karya Najib Kailani
Authors: Sirfi Fatoni Ahmad
Published: July 2020

This article aims to peel the structure of the main character psychological condition and the defense mechanisms of his ego by using Freud's psychoanalysis theory. This is because the drama script has a very complicated problem which is experienced by the main character, Salim, in his life. He had despaired and felt that his life was empty because he got several influences from western culture. The personality structure, according to Sigmund Freud, is divided into three: id, ego and superego. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The result of this research is that personality structure which consists of id, ego and superego was found in Salim's figure. However, the dominating one is the id, then the ego, and the last superego. The researcher can make a hierarchy of personality structure of the main character, Salim, based on his research as (1) the personality structure in the form of id occupies the first level because its appearance is very intense; (2) the personality structure in the form of ego occupies the second level because its appearance is not as much as the id, (3) The personality structure in the form of superego occupies the third level because Salim rarely uses in conscience based on good or bad morality. Meanwhile, the ego defense mechanism found by the researcher in this drama script is (1) repression, (2) displacement or diversion, (3) rationalization, and (4) direct aggression. The others were not found in the drama script. The defense mechanism of the ego displacement becomes one often done by Salim figure to avoid the problem and the psychological conflict that he experienced. The reason is that he diverts feelings of displeasure towards an object to other objects that are more likely to be used as a backrest in the complicated conflict in himself. He considers that the defense mechanism of the ego's displacement felt more secure so as not to add to the complicated problem that he faces.
The verification of a piezoelectric vibration-suppression system with a multimode basic RLC shunt circuit and its comparison to a multi-mode current-flowing shunt circuit
Authors: Ścisło Łukasz
Published: July 2020

One of the modern methods of reducing vibrations of plates and beams is using
piezoelectric materials in the form of distributed elements or patches (applied
in a passive or an active system). However, for the multimodal response of
a structure, there is no possibility to place the actuators in exactly the areas with
maximum curvature values for each mode. Additionally, in the case of passive
multimodal suppression systems – in which energy is needed to be supplied
to the system – there is the necessity to create a complicated electrical circuit.
The particular electrical shunts of the circuit are tuned to the specifi c vibration
forms which require damping. The main objective of this article is to show the
possibility of creating a multimodal vibration suppression system with typical
resonant shunts and proposed second slightly modifi ed.
The new generation of urban parks and health-promoting landscapes in eco-neighborhoods
Authors: Trojanowska Monika
Published: July 2020

The quest for sustainable development and biodiversity protection leads to the
creation of a new generation of urban parks where man allows natural plant
succession, soil regeneration, and rainwater infiltration. New urban nature parks
are also places for the promotion of social contacts and physical activity. They
can be regarded as health-affirming places. The common features of urban
parks presented in this paper can be seen in modern eco-neighbourhoods
in France. Public parks of this new generation are planned for the centres
of new eco-neighborhoods. These parks are being constructed in the first
stages of development. Similar commonalities have been observed for eco-
-neighbourhoods around the world. The paper presents three examples of good
practices: three new parks of this new generation in the eco-neighbourhoods of
Paris.
An improved ant algorithm for the triple matching problem
Authors: Schiff Krzysztof
Published: July 2020

In this article a new version of the ant colony optimisation algorithm with
a desirability function for the triple matching problem is described. The problem
is modelled by means of two 2-dimensional arrays. The new version of the ant
algorithm was compared with the previous version of the ant algorithm and
tested for different values of ant algorithm parameters; the results of these tests
are presented and discussed.
Private religious space in Hungary based on an adaptation of a school to a social care home in Szécsény, Hungary
Authors: Podhalański Bogusław
Published: July 2020

This article presents two examples of contemporary private religious spaces
against the background of the small-town architecture of the typical, largely
unknown town of Szécsény, Hungary, using projects by the Hungarian architect
Csanády Gábor Mátyás, DLA, as an example. It discusses the ideas that defined
the adaptive reuse of a former school, located in an existing complex adjacent to
a monastery of the Order of St. Francis, which was converted into a social care
home, and a chapel in the architect’s own house.
A vertical-axis rotor as the adjusting system of a horizontal axis wind turbine
Authors: Augustyn Marcin
Published: July 2020

The proposed self-adjusting mechanism consists of a carousel rotor with
a vertical axis consisting of two kinematically connected flat blades. The torque
of this rotor can change the position of the directing unit and additionally the
position of the main propeller in order to direct the wind stream or save the main
rotor when the wind is too strong. The theory, principles of operation, and the
properties of the self-adjusting system were illustrated by formulas and graphs.
Based on research conducted in a boundary layer wind tunnel, the values of
the aerodynamic coefficients of the flat blades were determined, and then the
power and propeller torque of the rotor were found as a function of the angle of
wind attack. A computational procedure provides kinematical and force relations
as well as the resulting torque diagrams of the rotor. An example of the use and
the design structure of a self-adjusting unit in the case of a horizontal axis wind
turbine is presented.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PRAKTIK PENGELASAN MODEL SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING (SMAW) MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK OTOMOTIF UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PURWOREJO
Authors: Wahyudi Tri , Ashari Ashari
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) Mengetahui prosedur pengembanganmedia praktik pengelasan. 2) Mengetahui kelayakan media praktik pengelasanterhadap kegiatan praktik mahasiswa Pendidikan Teknik Otomotif UniversitasMuhammadiyah Purworejo. dan 3) Mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan mediapraktik pengelasan terhadap minat praktik pengelasan di bengkel mahasiswaPendidikan Teknik Otomotif Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Reseach and Development (R & D)dengan subyek penelitian yang diambil adalah mahasiswa semester 7 PendidikanTeknik Otomotif Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo yang bejumlah 20mahasiswa. dengan sampel dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok A sebagai kelaskontrol dengan jumlah 10 mahasiswa dan kelas B sebagai kelas eksperimendengan jumlah 10 mahasiswa. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metodekuesioner (angket) untuk mengetahui kelayakan media yang digunakan untukpenelitian. Uji analisis data menggunakan uji normalitas, uji homogenitas uji ttest.Dari hasil penelitian, menunjukan bahwa Pengembangan Media PraktikPengelasan Model SMAW dan yang menggunakan Pengembangan Media PraktikPengelasan Model SMAW. Melalui uji normalitas perbandingan minat praktikkelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol diperoleh p=0,716 (kelas eksperimen) danp=0,396 (kelas kontrol), karena p>0,05 menunjukkan kedua kelompokberdistribusi normal., melalui uji homogenitas diperoleh Fhitung=0,183 denganp=0,674. Karena p>0,05 menunjukkan kedua kelompok memiliki varianhomogen., melalui uji t-tes hasilnya thitung diperoleh t hitung sebesar -157 denganp=0,877 > 0,05 menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan minat praktik kelaseksperimen dan kelas kontrol, artinya rata-rata minat praktik kelas eksperimendan kelas kontrol tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan.Kata Kunci : Media Praktik, Pengelasan Model SMAW, Minat Praktik
Prolongirano liječenje diseminirane ehinokokoze
Authors: Sulaver Željana , Skočibušić Siniša , Nikolić Jadranka
Published: July 2020

Cistična ehinokokoza (CE), koju uzrokuje E. granulosus, zoonotska je bolest koja se pojavljuje na gotovo svim kontinentima, a endemična je za područje Mediterana. Bolest se najčešće prezentira afekcijom jednog organa i solitarnom cistom, a kod manjeg broja bolesnika radi se o diseminiranoj bolesti koja pogađa višestruke organe. U ovom je radu prezentirana mlada žena s diseminiranom ehinokokozom kod koje su hidatidne ciste verificirane u jetrima, slezeni, plućima, bubrezima i perikardu. Zbog specifičnosti oblika bolesti, dobi bolesnice te zbog čestih relapsa bolesti nakon završetka terapije, liječena je albendazolom kroz duži vremenski period. Želimo prezentirati nešto drugačiji modus liječenja ehinokokokze koji je rezultirao povoljnom regresijom i kontrolom bolesti.
Detekcija IgG protutijela na Rickettsia typhi
Authors: Perfilyeva Yuliya V. , Naizabayeva Dinara A. , Dmitrovsky Andrey M. , Mamadaliyev Seidigapbar M. , Maltseva Elina R. , Bissenbay Akerke O. , Yegemberdiyeva Ravilya A. , Abuova Gulzhan N. , Shishkina Tatyana S. , Kuznetsova Tatyana V. , Neupokoyeva Alena S. , Ostapchuk Yekaterina O. , Berdygulova Zhanna A. , Nizkorodova Anna S.
Published: July 2020

Background. Rickettsia typhi belongs to the typhus group of rickettsiae and causes endemic typhus. Cases of endemic typhus and seropositivity to R. typhi have been reported in the neighbouring China and Russia. However, little is known of the endemic typhus in Kazakhstan. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of IgG antibodies to R. typhi in the population of southern region of Kazakhstan. Methods. A total of 253 individuals (142 women, 111 men) aged from 1 to 71 years were recruited into the study. Detection of serum IgG antibodies against R. typhi was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. The overall R. typhi seropositivity has reached 34.4%. The highest seroprevalence of 91.8% was recorded in the Turkestan Region. The lowest seropositivity of 6.1% was detected in the village Lepsinsk, Almaty Region. The seroprevalence did not differ significantly between genders. Seropositivity in adult individuals was not significantly associated with age, but positive results were not detected in the age group of children under 14 years. Conclusion. The obtained results confirm active circulation of R. typhi in the Turkestan and Almaty Regions of Kazakhstan. The data indicate an urgent need for further studies aimed to evaluate the clinical impact caused by R. typhi in the southern region of Kazakhstan.
Diversidad en el campo de la Comunicación
Authors: Rebeil Corella María Antonieta
Published: July 2020

La introducción sirve de lectura de inicio al XV Anuario de Investigación de la Comunicación CONEICC (XV AIC CONEICC). El XV AIC CONEICC es un esfuerzo ininterrumpido a lo largo de los últimos 15 de los 32 años de la vida que tiene el Consejo Nacional para la Enseñanza y la Investigación de las Ciencias de la Comunicación. Esta publicación periódica constituye el foro impreso más importante del Consejo y en el momento actual se encuentra en vías de transformación. A petición de las instituciones integrantes del Consejo, se han iniciado los trabajos para que el Anuario se convierta en revista científica, arbitrada y, en su momento, logre la indización, proceso que ha asumido la actual gestión.
Kim Dongni’nin (김동리) “Kadın Şaman Resmi (무녀도 Munyıodo)” Öyküsü Aracılığıyla Kore Şamanizmine Bakış
Authors: Karakuş Harmancı Nihan
Published: July 2020

Kore Yazarlar Birliği onursal başkanlığı da yapan Yazar KİM Dongni tarafından yazılan “(Munyıodo) Kadın Şaman Resmi” Nana LEE ve Açelya YAVUZ tarafından Türkçeye çevrilmiştir. Günümüz Kore’sinde yaşamakta olan Şamanizm inancı Kore’de anlamını yitirmemiştir. Şamanizm, Kore toplumu üzerinde uzun yıllar boyunca etkisi olan bir inanç sistemidir. Kore kültürünün temelini oluşturan Şamanizm, geleneksel danslarda, şarkılarda, giyim kuşamda, renkleri anlamlandırmada Kore toplumunun üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Kore halkı hastalandığında, bilinmeyen bir durumla karşılaştığında ya da gelecek ile ilgili kehanette bulunmak istediklerinde Şamanizm ritüellerine başvurmuştur. Kore halkı bu ritüellerin yerine getirilmesi için de Şamana başvurmuştur. Şamanın, ilgili ruh ile iletişime geçmesi ve sorunu çözmesi beklenmektedir. “Kadın Şaman Resmi” adlı öykü Kore toplumunun temelinde var olan Şamanizm inancını, Hristiyanlığı konu edinmiştir. İncelenen eser, Şamanizm inancının Kore toplumu üzerindeki etkilerinin neler olduğu ve nasıl var olduğu konusunda bilgi vermektedir. 1936 yılında yazılmış olan ve Şamanizm inancının azalmasını, Hristiyanlık dinini anne oğul vasıtasıyla konu edinen eser, literatür taraması ve doküman analizi yapılarak incelenmiştir. Bu makalede Kadın Şaman Resmi adlı öykünün eser incelemesi yapılarak Kore’nin şamanistik unsurlarına değinilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Koreli yazar KİM Dongni’nin hayatına ve ele alınan öykünün özetine yer verilerek; öyküde yer alan kişilerin özelliklerine; eserde geçen köyün özelliklerine, başkahraman kadın şamanın yaşadığı evin özelliklerine ve şaman dualarında yer alan şamanistik ögelere değinilecektir.
Dr. Faustus ve ‘‘Kunduracı ve İblis’’: Metinlerarası Bir Yaklaşım Örneği
Authors: Üstün Kaya Senem
Published: July 2020

Her edebi eser kendinden önce yazılmış eserlere atıfta bulunur veya belirgin izler taşır. Bu izler ve çağrışımların incelendiği edebiyat alanı olan ‘‘Metinlerarasılık’’, 1960 yıllarında Rus Biçimciler Mihail Bakhtin, Julia Kristeva, Roland Barthes ve Gerard Genette gibi ünlü kuramcılar tarafından geliştirilmiştir. Edebi eserlerde karşılaştığımız sarmal yapı ve öncel eserlerden izler, okuyucuların dikkatini çekmekte ve metinlere yeni metaforik (eğretilme) anlamlar kazandırır. Günümüzde dünya edebiyatlarında önemli yeri olan eserlerin birçoğu, daha önceki dönemlerde ele alınmış eserleri çağrıştırabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, metinlerarasılık kavramı çerçevesinde, öncül metinlerin yeni metinlere nasıl ilham kaynağı olduğunu göstermektir. Bu bağlamda, öncül metin olarak Christopher Marlowe’un The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus (1604) ve ana metin olarak Anton Chekhov’un ‘‘Kunduracı ve İblis’’ (‘‘The Shoemaker and the Devil’’) (1888) hikâyesi bir metinlerarasılık örneği olarak karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir.
Kore Kültüründe 12 Hayvan Sembolleri ve Anlamları
Authors: Lee Jung Hye
Published: July 2020

Tarih boyunca hemen hemen tüm toplumlarda görülebildiği gibi Kore’de eski dönem kaya ve mağara resimlerinde görülen hayvan figürleri; çanak, çömlek ve heykeller, mezar höyükleri, efsane, masal, atasözü, deyim, edebiyat eserleri ve halk inançları gibi pek çok alanda ortaya çıkmaktadır. Burada yer alan hayvan simgeleri çeşitli anlamlar içererek Korelilerinin halk inançlarını ve düşüncelerini yansıtmaktadır. Dolayısıyla hayvan sembolleri Kore kültüründe önemli yer tutmaktadır. Ayrıca Korelilerin doğum yıllarını belirten 12 hayvan, Koreliler için özel bir anlam taşır. Kore'de 12 hayvan takviminde yer alan hayvanlar; masal, atasözleri ya da edebî eserlerde çeşitli şekillerde boy göstermektedir. Bu nedenle Korelilerin hayvanlara yükledikleri anlamlar, Kore kültürü ve Korelilerin duygularını anlamamızda önemli bir araç olmaktadır. Ayrıca Kore halkının hayvanlara yüklediği anlamlar, Kore halk inanışlarını, efsanelerini ve edebi eserlerini anlama konusunda da önemlidir.Bu nedenle bu çalışmanın amacı, Korelilerin düşünceleri ve günlük hayatlarında önemli bir unsur olarak yer edinmiş olan 12 hayvanlı takvimi merkez alarak Kore'deki hayvan sembolleri ve anlamlarını incelemektir. Bu inceleme, iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Öncelikle Kore'nin çeşitli edebiyat, sanat, dil vb. alanlarında yerleşmiş olan hayvan motifi kullanımları ve bu motiflerin sembolik anlamları genel olarak gözden geçirilecektir. İkinci olarak, Korelilerin günlük yaşamında etkili olan 12 hayvanlı takvimi üzerinde durulacaktır.
“Dünya Kurmak”: Ritüel, Gerçeklik ve Dünya Görüşü
Authors: Şahin İlkay
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışma, gerçekliğin inşasıyla ritüeller arasındaki ontolojik ilişkiyi ele almaktadır. Amacı ise ritüellerin geleneksel dünya görüşünü nasıl inşa ettiğini, dünya görüşüyle olan bu ontolojik bağlarının modern dönemde nasıl bozulduğunu biri Mircea Eliade’ye diğeri Victor Turner’e ait iki teorik tartışmadan hareketle ortaya koymaktır. Bu yolla, modern ideolojinin iddia ettiği gibi, ritüellerin geri kalmışlığın göstergesi anlamsız birer hurafe değil, dünya görüşünü nesnelleştiren kültürel yapılar olduğunu, modern ideolojinin ritüellere dair geliştirdiği kalıp yargısal kanaatlerin altında da kendi iktidar alanı için bir tehdit olarak gördüğü, geleneksel bir dünyayı kurabilen bu yaratıcı özlerinin yattığını göstermektir. Eliade ve Turner, ritüellerin yenileyen ve dönüştüren özniteliklerine, buradan hareketle de dünya görüşüyle olan ilişkilerine odaklandıkları için tercih edilmiştir. Turner ve Eliade, ritüelleri dünya kuran kültürel yapılar olarak görmekte mutabıktır. Onlara göre ritüeller bu gerçeklik anlayışını yenilenme paradigmasına göre inşa etmektedir. İdeal ve ampirik gerçeklik arasındaki diyalektik ise yenilenmenin kaynağıdır. Eliade, tarihsel ve kozmik gerçeklik, Turner ise yapı ve yapı karşıtı arasındaki diyalektiği yenilenmenin itici gücü olarak görmektedir. Hem Eliade hem de Turner için ritüeller toplumsal yaşamın kusurlarını göstermekte ve tam karşıtı ideal bir gerçekliği tecrübe ettirmektedir. Ritüeller bu dönüşümü Eliade’ye göre geriye dönüş, Turner’e göre tersine çevirme tekniğiyle gerçekleştirmektedir. Geriye dönüş, tarihsel gerçeklikle kozmik gerçekliği, tersine çevirme ise yapı ve yapı karşıtını ters düz etmektedir. Neticede ise insanın daima yenilenen, bu nedenle de anlamlı ve umut verici bir gerçeklik anlayışına ulaşmasını sağlamaktadır.
Zootechnical performance and interaction between Penaeus schmitti Burkenroad, 1936 and Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931 reared under laboratory conditions
Authors: Fernandez de Alaiza Garcia Madrigal Rafael , Teixeira da Silva Ubiratã de Assis , Cupertino Ballester Eduardo Luis
Published: July 2020

To compare the zootechnical performance of the Brazilian native shrimp Penaeus schmitti and the exotic shrimp Penaeus vannamei, juveniles were grown under controlled conditions. Both species were simultaneously cultivated (monoculture) in separate 70 L plastic tanks at two different densities: 30 and 50 ind m-2. Also, in the other two treatments, both species were cultivated together (mixed), with and without feeding, at 30 ind m-2. During the experiment, P. vannamei generally showed a greater interest in food and voracity than P. schmitti. At harvest, for both stocking densities of monoculture treatments, the mean growth rate observed for P. vannamei was 1.0 g week-1, while P. schmitti achieved only 0.1 g week-1. The mean final weight was 10.4 ± 2.0 g; 10.7 ± 2.1 g for P. vannamei and 2.8 ± 0.3 g; 3.2 ± 0.3 g for P. schmitti, for respective densities of 50 and 30 ind m-2. In the mixed treatment with feeding, while P. vannamei reached 11.9 ± 1.4 g, P. schmitti reached only 2.6 ± 0.4 g in the same tank. The observed differences were 3.7 and 3.4 higher in favor of P. vannamei in the monoculture treatment, and up 4.5 times higher in the mixed treatment. Under strict fasting conditions, both species practiced predation/cannibalism among themselves. The results reflected the zootechnical advantages of P. vannamei, but also corroborated the negative effect that high densities and lack of natural food can exert over native species. The potential for P. schmitti cultivation and the possible impact of the escape of P. vannamei into the natural environment is discussed.
Capturing, induced spawning, and first feeding of wild-caught Pseudopimelodus mangurus, an endangered catfish species
Authors: Arashiro Dilberto Ribeiro , Yasui George Shigueki , Calado Leonardo Luiz , Do Nascimento Nivaldo Ferreira , Alves do Santos Silvio Carlos , Shiguemoto Gustavo Fonseca , Monzani Paulo Sérgio , Senhorini José Augusto
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to describe a procedure for sampling, reproduction, and first feeding of the Neotropical catfish Pseudopimelodus mangurus, an endangered fish species. Wild adult P. mangurus specimens were collected in the Mogi Guassu River and subsequently induced to spawn in laboratory conditions. After hand-stripping, the females, the average weight of the oocytes was 143 ± 1.6 g, with a fecundity of 718 ± 49.8 oocytes g-1. The diameter of the oocytes non-hydrated was 1,226.3 ± 47.7 μm to 1,761.2 ± 26.4 μm after hydration. The fertilization rates were 98.00 ± 0.63%, and the hatching rate was 68.94 ± 11.83%. The first feeding was made three days post-hatching with six different treatments, in which the best results arose with sequential feeding with Artemia nauplii, Astyanax altiparanae and Prochilodus lineatus larvae. This condition resulted in a final length of 2,012.7 ± 44.8 μm by the 10th day of the experiment, higher survival (65 ± 0.9%) and lower cannibalism rate (14 ± 0.3%). The data obtained in this study is important for the establishment of reproductive biotechniques, mass production of P. mangurus, and future establishment of ex-situ GenBank.
Production of Penaeus vannamei in low salinity, using diets formulated with different protein sources and percentages
Authors: Gil-Núñez Juan Carlos , Martínez-Córdova Luis Rafael , Servín-Villegas Rosalía , Magallon-Barajas Francisco Javier , Bórquez-López Rafael Apolinar , Gonzalez-Galaviz Jose Reyes , Casillas-Hernández Ramón
Published: July 2020

The present study was focused on assessing the effect of diets formulated with different sources and levels of protein on the production response of white leg shrimp Penaeus vannamei farmed at low salinity (3 g L-1). The protein sources were: soy meal (SM) and fish meal (FM), included at three levels: low (22-25%), medium (32-35%), and high (41-45%). A bioassay of 49 days was done in experimental tanks of 100 L (three tanks per treatment). Juvenile P. vannamei having a mean weight of 1.41 ± 0.30 g were stocked at a density of 100 ind m-3. Shrimp fed diets formulated with FM recorded significantly higher weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and protein assimilation efficiency rate (PER). Additionally, it showed a higher concentration of essential amino acids like methionine and threonine, and higher ash, calcium, iodine, phosphorous, and sodium content, which could favor the growth and survival of shrimp. Regression analysis showed that the optimum protein levels for diets formulated with SM and FM were 34.8 and 29.3%, respectively. These findings may help shrimp farmers to implement better feeding strategies for P. vannamei farmed at low salinity and on the use of alternative ingredients to substitute fish meal in the formulated feed.
Diet shifts of Rhizoprionodon terraenovae from the southern Gulf of Mexico: possible scenario by temperature changes
Authors: Viana-Morayta Javier E. , Torres-Rojas Yassir E. , Camalich-Carpizo Jaime
Published: July 2020

The current study examined the stomach contents of the Atlantic sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae) in the southern Gulf of Mexico during 2015 to understand the relationship between diet and changes in sea surface temperature (SST). Prey-specific index of relative importance (%PSIRI), diet breadth (Bi), trophic level (TrL), and trophic overlap (PERMANOVA) were calculated between sexes, body size, and climatic seasons (dry, rainy and winter storm). The lowest temperature recorded in the area was during February (23.9°C), and the highest was during August (29.1°C). A total of 124 stomachs were analyzed, with 54.84% containing food. The trophic spectrum was composed of 32 identified prey, with demersal fish (Haemulon plumierii; %PSIRI = 22.82) and pelagic fish (Sardinella aurita; %PSIRI = 12.83) being the most important. According to the diet breadth (Bi = 0.002), Costello's graph, and trophic level (TrL = 4.2), R. terraenovae is a specialist tertiary consumer. PERMANOVA indicated significant trophic differences between sexes (F = 32.22; P < 0.05), body size (F = 13.68; P < 0.05), and among climatic seasons (F = 23.86; P < 0.05). Spearman's correlation indicated a negative relationship between the diversity of prey consumed by R. terraenovae and sea surface temperature (r = -0.75; P < 0.05). Therefore, diet for R. terraenovae is associated with SST, allowing for the development of possible scenarios related to climatic phenomena like climate change.
Les enfants capables d’analyse transactionnelle
Authors: De Winter Pascale , Petit-Miélet Agnès
Published: July 2020

Dans cet article, Agnés Petit et Pascale de Winter nous donnent à voir comment elles travaillent avec les enfants. Utilisant certains concepts d’AT, elles nous expliquent leur façon de faire pour permettre à ces futurs adultes de mieux se connaître, de mieux connaître leurs besoins et leurs émotions, d’apprendre à gérer leurs frustrations. Elles s’adressent principalement aux professionnels, thérapeute ou spécialiste de l’accompagnement d’enfants. Mais dans ces temps compliqués de confinement/déconfinement, quand les parents sont à la fois un père, une mère et un enseignant, cet article peut donner à tous des pistes pour résoudre certaines difficultés avec les jeunes confinés ! F.B.
Sledovi poselitve iz zgodnje bakrene dobe v Hočah
Authors: Kramberger Bine
Published: July 2020

V članku so celovito predstavljeni sledovi poselitve iz zgodnje bakrene dobe, odkriti v letih 1988 in 1989 ob gra- dnji orglarske delavnice v Spodnjih Hočah. Raziskave so med drugim razkrile pet naselbinskih jam, jame za stojke ter lončenino in kamnita orodja iz tega časa. Keramično gradivo kaže tehnološke, oblikovne in ornamentalne značilnosti lasinjske kulture in ne odstopa od gradiva, ki ga poznamo iz sočasnih bližnjih naselij v Podravju in Dravinjskih goricah. Povezave se kažejo predvsem s sočasnimi naselji na Dolenjskem, Gorenjskem in Štajerskem, v nekoliko manjši meri z naselji v Prekmurju in na zahodnem Madžarskem.
Zakladna najdba solidov iz hipogeuma z viminacijske nekropole Pećine (Srbija)
Authors: Vojvoda Mirjana , Redžić Saša
Published: July 2020

Pri novejših zaščitnih arheoloških raziskavah južnih viminacijskih grobišč je bila leta 2016 na nekropoli Pećine v eni od raziskanih monumentalnih grobnic (G 5868) odkrita zakladna najdba sedmih solidov. Zaklad vsebuje novce Honorija in Teodozija II., ki so bili kovani med letoma 403 in 408 oziroma 430 in 440. Poleg zaklada je bilo v memoriji, ki je bila žal izropana že v antiki, odkritih še 23 posamičnih novcev iz časa od Aleksandra Severa (222–235) do začetka 5. stoletja. Zaščitna arheološka izkopavanja na območju južnih grobišč potekajo z nekaj prekinitvami že od konca sedemdesetih let prejšnjega stoletja. Ta zakladna najdba zlatih novcev pa je v obdobju štiridesetih let šele druga te vrste z vseh viminacijskih nekropol.
Poznohalštatska grobova s Kovka nad Hrastnikom v Zasavju
Authors: Božič Dragan , Gaspari Andrej , Pirkmajer Darja
Published: July 2020

Leta 2015 je bila v Vrtači pod vrhom hriba Kovk nad Hrastnikom naključno odkrita skupina kovinskih predmetov, ki vključuje negovsko čelado, kavljasto pasno spono in druge dele pasne oprave ter tulasto sekiro. Predmete je pridobil Pokrajinski muzej Celje, ki je avgusta 2016 izvedel kontrolno izkopavanje. Odkrit je bil skeletni grob bojevnika z dodatnimi deli pasne oprave, odlomkoma fibule in sulične osti ter stekleno jagodo. Tik ob njem je bil izkopan skeletni grob dekleta z ogrlico iz steklenih jagod, zapestnicama in nanožnicama ter nožičkom.

Med predmeti izstopata negovska čelada različice Vače slovenske vrste in pasna oprava vrste Kovk z izjemno kavljasto spono. Najmlajši grobni pridatki določajo čas pokopa obeh oseb v starejšem delu negovske stopnje.

Grobova pripadata planemu grobišču pod manjšo utrjeno naselbino na vrhu Kovka. Skupaj s skupino gomil na ledini Grobišče pri Kovku dopolnjujeta vedenje o železnodobni poselitvi Zasavja.
The Use of Touch DNA Analysis in Forensic Identification Focusing on Short Tandem Repeat-Combined DNA Index System Loci THO1, CSF1PO and TPOX
Authors: Yudianto Ahmad , Nuraini M Indah , Furqoni Abdul Hadi , Nzilibili Simon Martin Manyanza , Harjanto Pudji
Published: July 2020

Forensic identification through DNA analysis is an accurate diagnostic tool. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) analysis is via DNA repetitive regions with less than 1 kb base size is called ‘microsatellite’ or Short Tandem Repeat (STR). At the crime scene, the perpetrator’s skin may accidentally be in contact with surrounding objects, thereby transferring trace evidence to the objects. In this study DNA was obtained using “touch DNA” from two buccal smears and two smear from watches and cellphones from volunteers who had signed the consent form. Samples were isolated using DNAzol. The quantity of DNA obtained will be measured using a UV spectrophotometer. For DNA amplification using 3 STR CODIS loci namely TH01, CSF1PO, and TPOX. The last step is visualization using acrylamide gel and silver staining. Mean levels of DNA (UVVisible Spectrophotometer) were 167.89±85.71 μg/mL for the buccal swab, 59.19±5.58 μg/mL for the watch swab, and 38.09±2.12 μg/mL for the mobile swab; the purity of the buccal swab DNA was 1.79±0.71, of the watch swab 1.69±0.76, and of the mobile swab 1.53±0.56. Visualization of PCR products on Polyacrylamide Agarose Composite Gel Electrophoresis stained with Silver and amplified using the standard primers THOI, TPOX and CSF1PO for STR Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) showed a 100% detection of amplicons. Both the buccal swab, watch swab and handphone swabs had trace amount of DNA that was sufficient to be isolated and amplified by using Polymerase Chain Reaction on the STR CODIS loci THO1, CSF1PO and TPOX.
Added Value of Bleach for Tuberculosis Microscopy Diagnostic in Limited Resources Setting
Authors: Suwarsono Erike A. , Jauharoh Siti Nur Aisyah
Published: July 2020

Indonesia is one of the high burden tuberculosis (TB) countries. The utilization of molecular diagnostic has been setting over the country, however there are still a lot of remote areas that only depend on microscopic smear. Bleach might be used to increase the value of microscopy diagnos- tic. The study aimed to evaluate the added value of 1% bleach to increase the positivity rate of TB compared to conventional stain. This study was conducted on 70 subjects who were suspected as TB from various pri- mary care centers in West Java and Banten, Indonesia. The sputum was 2-3 mL, and divided into two parts, both of them were stained using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN), however the first was only stained and the second added 1% bleach. Bleach was added in same volume with sputum and incubated for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, the spu- tum was stained with ZN. The positivity rate for ZN only was 39 (55.7%) compared to 1% bleach was 63 (90%), and significant- ly different (P=0.000) using Mann-Whitney U test. Bleach can be used as an alternative agent to improve the TB smear in setting that only depends on microscopy diagnostic.
Alpha-Tocopherol Improves Sperm Quality by Regulate Intracellular Ca2+ Intensity (Influx/Efflux) of Simmental Bull Cattle Sperm
Authors: Ratnani Hermin , Suprayogi T. W. , Sardjito T. , Susilowati S. , Azura S.
Published: July 2020

Background: The effects of α-tocopherol on intracellular Ca2+ intensity in semen cryopreservation by regulate intracellular Ca2+ intensity have not been reported yet. Objective: The research was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation α-tocopherol into egg yolk skim milk extender on sperm quality and intracellular Ca2+ intensity. Methods: Semen samples were collected and supplemented with respectively 0mM (P0); 0.5mM (P1); 1mM (P2); 1.5mM (P3) and 2mM (P4) α-tocopherol in extender before cryopreservation processes. Post-thawing sperm was evaluated for motility, viability, and abnormality using Phase Contrast Microscope (200x) with eosin-nigrosine staining, and intracellular Ca2+ intensity of the best result dose was evaluated using Confocal Laser Scan Microscope (400x) with Fluo-3 Staining. Results: The results showed there was a significant difference (P≤0.05) in sperm motility and viability between P0; P1 with P2; P3; P4. The Motility and viability between groups P0; P1 and P3; P4 showed no significant difference (P≥0.05), while P2 with P3; P4 showed significant difference (P≤0.05). There was a significant difference (P≤0.05) in sperm abnormality of P0; P1 with P2; P3; P4. The abnormality between P0; P1 and P2; P3 showed no significant difference (P≥ 0.05), while P2; P3 showed a significant difference with P4 (P≤0.05). The best result in sperm quality was supplementation with 1.5mM α-tocopherol. Ca2+ intracellular intensity: 142.76 ± 21.8 au (P0) and 176.06 ± 61.43 au (P3). Conclusions: It was concluded that 1.5mM α-tocopherol is the best dose to improve sperm quality by regulating intracellular Ca2+ intensity on Simmental bull cattle.
In Vitro Anti-HIV Activity of Ethanol Extract from Gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa Burm. f) Leaves
Authors: Hikmawanti Ni Putu Ermi , Widiyanti Prihartini , Prajogo EW Bambang
Published: July 2020

Anti retroviral drugs for HIV has problems with uncomfortable side effects and that endanger the lives of HIV sufferers. Several herbs have been empirically proven to have an effect on HIV eradication through inhibition of reverse transcriptase. One of such antiviral herbs is Justicia gendarussa (J. gendarussa). The aim of research is to evaluate anti-HIV activity of 70% fractionated-ethanol extract (with releasing alkaloids) and 70% ethanol extract (without releasing alkaloids) of J. gendarussa leaves on in vitro HIV-infected of MOLT-4 cells. The effect of the extracts in inhibiting viral replication and fusion process on acute HIV infection was identi- fied through syncytia formation assay. Effect of the extracts on HIV p24 antigen was evaluated using HIV-1 p24 ELISA kit. It was found that 70% fractionated-ethanol extract and 70% ethanol extract of J. gendarussa leaves significantly inhibited of HIV replication by inhibition of syncytia formation, where the 50% effective concen- tration (EC50) values of the 70% fractionated-ethanol extract and 70% ethanol extract are 70.5 μg/mL and 228.7 μg/mL, respec- tively. Both of the extracts were also significantly inhibited HIV replication by decreasing HIV p24 antigen level where the EC 50 values of the 70% fractionated-ethanol extract and 70% ethanol extract are 88.8 μg/mL and 540.7 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, it was found that 70% fractionated-ethanol extract of J. gendarussa leaves has anti-HIV activity since its EC50 values less than 100 μg/mL. It was concluded that J. gendarussa could be potentially developed into a phytopharmaceutical product due to its anti-HIV activity.
Aviation Medicine Capacity on Facing Biological Threat in Indonesia Airports
Authors: Subiakto Yuli
Published: July 2020

Airports need high security procedures, especially for preventing outbreaks of infectious diseases spread by passenger and carried goods. Outbreaks of disease form real threat to national defense that can endanger national sovereignty, territorial integrity and national security. Biological agents that are dangerous sources of outbreaks infectious diseases can be spread by criminal and terrorists for biological warfare. Based on data, the spread of diseases in Indonesia came from abroad, such as SARS from China, Mers-CoV from the Middle East, Avian Influenza from China, HIV from Africa etc. Indonesia has a population of more than 262 million peoples, 17,500 islands, and climate conditions that allow microorganisms to grow well. In 2017 domestic flights transported 95,401,545 persons and international flights 16,253,259 persons, we need to prevent the spread of diseases in Indonesia entering through the Airports. Efforts to prevent the entry of dangerous biological agents in Indonesia were carried out by Quarantine Officers and Port Health Officers. The development of threat outbreak disease in air transportation is real in the future, so all Indonesia airports must have action plans to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. The Air Force must act as guardian of sovereignty by having medical personnel on the spot for role interoperability with the personnel Port Health Office for prevent the entry of dangerous biological agents. Capacity building need for be enhanced for prevention, detection, identification and response through a training of the personnel, procurement facilities for readiness prevent, detect and respond when facing biological threat.
Inhibition of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 in Vero Cells with [Cu(2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole)2(H2O)2].Cl2
Authors: Sucipto Teguh H. , Martak Fahimah
Published: July 2020

Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever are transmitted to humans by the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, with an observed 30-fold increase in global incidence the last 50 years. Despite the tremendous efforts invested anti-dengue virus research, no clinically approved vaccine or antiviral chemotherapeutics are available for humans, and disease treatment is limited to supportive care. Over the years there has been a continuous interest in the chemistry of metal complexes with biological activity, including platinum complexes with antitumor activity and silver complexes with antimicrobial action. Aim of the project was to investigate [Cu(2,4,5-triphenyl-1H- imidazole)2 (H2O)2].Cl2 as antiviral compound that was further tested for inhibitory effect on the replication of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) in Vero cell. DENV-2 were infected in Vero cells and replication of virus was measured by Viral ToxGlo with selectivity index value (SI) and determined as the ratio of cytotoxic concentration 50 (CC50) to inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) for com- pound. The standard curve between concentration of compound (μg/mL) and %viability of cells was analyzed by logarithmic cor- relation regression with regression equation. For infection rates, t-test was used to exam- ine the statistical significances among the concentrations of compound. P < 0.05 was considered to be significant. The maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of [Cu(2,4,5- triphenyl-1H-imidazole)2 (H2O)2].Cl2 against DENV-2 was 98.62 μg/mL. The cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of compound against Vero cells was 300.36 μg/mL. The SI values for [Cu(2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole)2 (H2O)2].Cl2 1.86. Based on selectivity index values, [Cu(2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole)2 (H2O)2].Cl2 can inhibit the growth of DENV- 2 and has low toxicity values for Vero cells.