bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suspendre la référence
Authors: Pallanti Luca
Published: January 2025

La littérature beckettienne permet d’interroger les limites de
l’intelligibilité textuelle à travers des choix stylistiques que l’on pourrait
considérer comme extrêmes. Dans cet article, nous étudierons comment un usage à
l’apparence ambigu des pronoms personnels et démonstratifs peut répondre à
une stylistique du flou référentiel, à son tour au service d’une philosophie et
d’une poétique de l’indéterminé. À partir d’une analyse fine des cas de
référence floue dans l’incipit du roman L’Innommable de
Beckett, nous expliciterons comment l’auteur irlandais a eu recours aux pronoms
démonstratifs flous pour retarder et donc suspendre un antécédent qui ne peut
pas être nommé, et donc identifié, pour plusieurs raisons. Cette étude
explorera les frontières de la référence pour ouvrir des pistes d’interprétation
pour les référents flous, qu’il s’agisse de textes littéraires ou artistiques,
mais aussi pour d’autres types de textes.
Référence indéfinie et (im)prédictibilité discursive
Authors: Cislaru Georgeta
Published: January 2025

L’article interroge le potentiel interprétatif et le fonctionnement discursif d’une série de slogans comportant
au moins un élément à référence vague ou indéfinie, à l’instar de « Ensemble, tout devient possible ». Se situant dans une
perspective de traitement incrémental qui reconnaît l’impact des attentes sur l’interprétation, l’étude exploite les résultats
d’une enquête pour observer l’évolution de l’interprétation des énoncés en fonction des informations périphériques disponibles et
donc de la capacité de reconstituer des modèles situationnels valides ainsi que d’identifier et d’exploiter le terrain commun. Les
résultats de l’étude mettent en évidence l’importance de la contextualisation dans l’interprétation, bien que celle-ci ne conduise
pas à résoudre entièrement l’indétermination. La référence indéfinie reste cependant opérationnelle et pragmatiquement pertinente
parce qu’elle est partie-prenante de la visée pragmatique persuasive de ce type d’énoncés. Mais, paradoxalement, ce n’est pas
l’énoncé du slogan qui produit de l’adhésion, c’est l’adhésion, ou du moins la compréhension de l’attente d’adhésion, qui
sous-tend l’interprétation de l’énoncé.
Go home (6 Jan 2021)
Authors: Winter-Froemel Esme
Published: January 2025

The imperative go home represents a prominent part of a video message sent to the armed
assaulters on Capitol Hill by the then-President of the United States on 6 January 2021 via Twitter. The paper aims to investigate
to what extent this expression can be read as an ambiguous dog-whistle, and how an additional interpretation beyond the
conventional meaning ‘return to your private homes’ can be justified. It is precisely the hidden nature of the potential
additional message that illustrates a general issue of ambiguity research and pragmatics, i.e., the question of how plausible
utterance meanings can be identified. To approach these questions, the paper focuses on the general communicative setting, prior
communication between Trump and his supporters, and on linguistic features of the message (personal reference and semantic
frames). Different types of interpretative openness are discussed to refine the analyses, and a broad approach to ambiguity is
adopted that includes interpretations that are not (yet) conventionalised. The final part of the paper argues that the
simultaneous orientation to multiple addressee groups represents a key feature of Trump’s message, which is reflected by a
coexistence of different speaker instances. Comparing the example to classical examples of dog whistles, it will be classified as
an accomplice whistle. The case study highlights the importance of multiple addressing in media-based communication, and the
potential of linking ambiguity research and multiple addressing, considering different addressee groups with potentially strongly
diverging backgrounds, interests, and modalities of interpretation.
Quel rôle discursif donner à un marqueur de référence floue ?
Authors: Col Gilles , Fossard Marion , Sandoz Mélanie , Achim Amélie M. , Knutsen Dominique
Published: January 2025

Dans un corpus de dialogues narratifs, nous montrons que l’utilisation de « on » ne vise pas à définir une
référence claire et précise, mais plutôt à partager un point de vue et à introduire des entités sur la scène verbale : « on » sert
à rendre saillants les entités et les événements narrés tout en effaçant la source narrative, créant ainsi un flou référentiel
dynamique et évolutif. Cette observation relativise la catégorisation habituelle de « on » comme « indéfini », et souligne plutôt
son rôle essentiel dans la structuration de la narration dans un contexte de dialogue direct. Nos résultats révèlent ainsi la
contribution de « on » à la cohérence et la cohésion du discours.
Met zonder jas and other antonym errors in the
spontaneous speech of Dutch children
Authors: van Kampen Jacqueline
Published: January 2025

This paper focuses on antonym pairs in child Dutch. Children
sometimes erroneously use the opposite word from what they intend to mean with
<±polar> pairs. Psycholinguistic studies in the 1970ties suggest that the
<−polar> member of dimensional adjectives, motion verbs and temporal
adverbs is acquired before the <+polar> one.

Another error occurs with the expression of absence. Dutch and
German children sometimes say met zonder/mit ohne (‘with
without’) as the antonym expression of
met/mit. Sauerland, Meyer & Yatsushiro (2024) argue that the <−polar> negative member ohne can
be conceptually decomposed in the positive member plus negation
(mit-neg), which children fail to see. They
‘undercompress’ negation. The decomposition also holds for the <±polar>
member of dimensional adjectives (neg-Adj).

I will argue against both claims, the acquisition order and the
undercompression idea. First, I discuss the met zonder/mit ohne
errors and offer a new alternative analysis. Subsequently, other spontaneous
speech errors with <±polar> pairs are considered.
When words sail through the desert
Authors: Bourdeau Corentin , Rojas-Berscia Luis Miguel
Published: January 2025

Wolof is generally classified as a North-Atlantic language within the Niger-Congo phylum. However, despite a
considerable number of cognates (Merrill 2021b), this classification is more of a
working hypothesis than a demonstrated fact. Linguists such as Wilson (1989) and Lüpke (2020) consider that the Atlantic group resembles more an areal/typological class
rather than a genealogical unit, thus pointing to intense dynamics of language contact in the area. In this paper, as a follow-up
of Bourdeau and Rojas-Berscia (2023), we focus on a potential Wolof-Songhay non-genetic connection, based on triangulation (q.v. Kuorikoski & Marchionni 2016) between linguistic, historical and archaeological evidence. We further
argue that Wolof is a language in layers, resulting from constant polylectal interaction between various peoples
of the West Sudan world-system (Kea 2004).
The external and internal syntax of genoeg
Authors: Koot Malte
Published: January 2025

It has been known since Barbiers (2001) that genoeg ‘enough’ can turn predicate adverbs into sentence adverbs. When genoeg occurs in a sentence adverbial phrase, it is syntactically obligatory, but makes little to no semantic contribution:

(1)

Kees

heeft

gek

*(genoeg)

niet

gek

genoeg

gedanst.

Kees
has
weird

*(enough)
not
weird
enough
danced

‘Weirdly, Kees didn’t dance weirdly enough.’

In this paper, I analyse the external and internal syntax of such enough support adverbs. Using Cinque’s (1999) adverbial hierarchy, I observe that enough support splits into subject-oriented and evaluative adverbs. Next, I nuance the accepted theory that genoeg in adverbial phrases is an affix: only enough support is a full-fledged affix; regular enough is an affixoid. Finally, I analyse the internal syntax of enough support. I suggest that a Sentence Predicate Projection is needed for the formation of sentence adverbials.
The example of ‘yawning’
Authors: Heijkoop Geertje , Mous Maarten
Published: January 2025

Body part terminology has been studied cross-linguistically, but
there are few studies on the typology of body actions. We present a pilot for a
typological study of body action lexicalization taking the action of “yawning”
as a test case. We look into the morphological properties of words for yawning
cross-linguistically, but we also look into what is considered to be the
stimulus of the action and to what extent it is under control: in popular
opinion (culture), in linguistic expression, and biomedically. The pilot results
in recommendations for data collection for such a typological study.
Variation in organic standards prior to the National Organic Program
Authors: Fetter T. Robert , Caswell Julie A.
Published: January 2025

Interest in establishing nationally uniform certification, labeling, and management standards for organic products grew out of concern that the existence of multiple standards led to consumer and supply chain confusion about, and lack of confidence in, these products. The National Organic Program Final Rule, issued in December 2000, is the result of this interest. We analyze the certification system that was in place prior to the new national rule to evaluate the extent of differences between certification standards and how the national rule is likely to impact the market for organic products. Our analysis suggests that most differences among US certification standards were minor. Also, the most important impacts of the national standard may be in facilitating trade in ingredients and products certified by different certifiers, increasing buyer confidence, and facilitating exports. However, the national rule may decrease the ability of organic certifiers and consumers to place differing emphasis on the multiple goals of organic production and may decrease the flexibility of organic standards to respond to changing market conditions, including new technologies.
The effects of outdoor farrowing hut type on prewean piglet mortality in Iowa
Authors: Honeyman M.S. , Roush W.B.
Published: January 2025

Outdoor pig production, usually gestation, farrowing and lactation, is an alternative swine production system that is increasing in popularity. The outdoor farrowing hut is the principal modifier of the environment for the sow and litter, as well as the primary structure to reduce prewean mortality. Prewean mortality of piglets is a major problem for both indoor and outdoor swine herds. Five types of floorless individual farrowing huts were evaluated over 4 years, during the month of September in Iowa. A total of 206 litters by primiparous crossbred sows were farrowed. Piglet deaths for the first 14 days after farrowing were recorded. Hut type had an effect on piglet prewean mortality (P < 0.10). The arc-style hut and the blunt-top A hut had only about one-third as many litters with piglet mortalities and a lower prewean mortality percentage (3.8 versus 8.5%) than an inverted U hut. This difference would be approximately a half pig/litter increase in litter size at weaning. The superior huts each had a distinct and ample sow area and safe pig areas. The safe pig areas were made by a sloping or curved roofline that came to the ground (the arc-style hut) or with guard rails (the blunt-top A hut). Overall prewean mortality for the study was low (6.0%). Crushing of piglets accounted for 93% of the prewean mortality. The study shows that outdoor farrowing systems can achieve competitiveness with low piglet mortality particularly if superior huts are used. Selection of the outdoor farrowing hut is a critical decision in planning outdoor swine farrowing systems.
Charge dynamic behavior under high-frequency stress considering coupled effect of temperature-frequency interaction
Authors: Qi Tianrun , Ren Hanwen , Gao Haoyu , Li Qingmin , Gao Ruize , Han Biao , Bian Guorong , He Xinjun
Published: January 2025

Space charge behavior under combined high-frequency electrothermal stress is an important causative factor for insulation failure in high-voltage power electronic equipment. In this research, a novel charge transport model adapted to the high-frequency stress environment is developed. Modifications are implemented in the model to address the high-frequency stress characteristics, namely for the electrothermal coupled stress environment, high-frequency injection, flexible migration, and interfacial features. The study examines the evolution of space charge influenced by polarisation parameters, including frequency, duty cycle, and polarisation polarity. The results indicate a disparity in charge accumulation polarity under uni/bipolar stress. The electric field distortion induced by heteropolar charge accumulation under bipolar stresses poses a great challenge to the insulating properties of the interface. Furthermore, both the quantity and depth of charge accumulation exhibit an inverse association with frequency. The minimum accumulation depth is merely 6 μm at a polarisation frequency of 1 kHz. Conversely, the extent of charge accumulation escalates exponentially with an increase in the duty cycle (stress power). Finally, the model reliability is validated by comparing with the high-frequency charge measurement under the relevant parameter. The pertinent research can offer a viable technical approach to elucidate the dynamic behaviour of space charge under high-frequency stress.
Direct observations of nucleation and early-stage growth of Au-catalyzed GaAs nanowires on Si(111)
Authors: Andersen Christopher R Y , Lehmann Sebastian , Tornberg Marcus , Maliakkal Carina B , Jacobsson Daniel , Mølhave Kristian S , Dick Kimberly A
Published: January 2025

Developing a reliable procedure for the growth of III–V nanowires (NW) on silicon (Si) substrates remains a significant challenge, as current methods rely on trial-and-error approaches with varying interpretations of critical process steps such as sample preparation, Au–Si alloy formation in the growth reactor, and NW alignment. Addressing these challenges is essential for enabling high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices that combine the superior properties of III–V NW semiconductors with the well-established Si-based technology. Combining conventional scalable growth methods, such as metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) with in situ characterization using environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM-MOCVD) enables a deeper understanding of the growth dynamics, if that knowledge is transferable to the scalable processes. We report on successful epitaxial growth of Au-catalyzed GaAs NWs on Si(111) substrates using micro-electromechanical system chips with monocrystalline Si-cantilevers in both conventional MOCVD and ETEM-MOCVD systems. The conventional MOCVD provided a framework for initial parameter tuning, while ETEM-MOCVD offered valuable insights into early nucleation and catalyst-substrate interactions. Our findings show that nucleation is significantly influenced by the removal of native oxide layers and the initial formation of the Au–Si alloy. Our in situ studies revealed different NW-substrate interfaces, essential for optimizing the epitaxial growth process. We identified three typical configurations of NW ‘roots’, each impacted by growth conditions and preparation steps, affecting the structural and potentially the optical properties of the NWs. Similarly, doping from the Si-substrate may affect both optical and electrical properties; however, compositional analysis revealed no traces of Si in NWs post-nucleation and a small amount in the catalytic droplet. Our research highlights the importance of in situ studies for a comprehensive understanding of nucleation mechanisms, paving the way for optimizing III–V NW growth on Si substrates and developing high-performance III–V/Si devices.
A multiplexing method based on multidimensional readout method*
Authors: Yu Xin , Liu Han , Zhao Huiping , Tao Jinyong , Liang Da , Zeng Jiayang , Xu Jianfeng , Xie Siwei , Peng Qiyu
Published: January 2025

Objective. To develop and validate a novel multidimensional readout method that significantly reduces the number of readout channels (NRC) in PET detectors while maintaining high spatial and energy performance. Approach. We arranged a

3
×
3
×
4

SiPM array in multiple dimensions and employed row/column/layer summation with a resistor-based splitting circuit. We then applied denoising methods to enhance the peak-to-valley ratio in the decoding map, ensuring accurate crystal-position determination. Additionally, we investigated the system’s energy response at 511 keV and evaluated the suitability for both clinical and research PET systems. Main results. The proposed multidimensional readout method achieved a favorable multiplexing ratio, lowering the total NRCs without compromising energy resolution at 511 keV. Our tests demonstrated that a SiPM bias voltage of 31 V effectively balances gain and saturation effects, resulting in reliable energy measurements. Significance. By reducing system complexity, cost, and power consumption, the multidimensional readout method presents a practical alternative to conventional readout schemes for PET and other large-scale sensor arrays. Additionally, the approach can manage simultaneous multi-layer hits by arranging detector layers and, when needed, uses ICS detection to correct for scatter events. Its adaptable architecture allows scaling to higher dimensions for broader applications (e.g. SPECT, CT, LiDAR). These features make it a valuable contribution toward more efficient, high-performance imaging technologies in both clinical and industrial settings.
Analysis and applications of Nakagami constant-stress model using progressive type-II censored data
Authors: Elwahab Maysaa Elmahi Abd , Alqasem Ohud A , Nassar Mazen
Published: January 2025

In the case of trustworthy products, accelerated life tests are crucial techniques used to gather information regarding the lifetime of the target population with a shorter time frame compared to routine investigations. The received data in higher stress levels than normal are then used to predict the reliability of the product under consideration in regular working circumstances. In this paper, the constant-stress accelerated life tests are employed when the data are obtained through a progressive Type-II censoring strategy from Nakagami populations. Besides estimating the model parameters, the reliability function under the usual use conditions is predicted using four estimation procedures. The maximum likelihood, least squares, weighted least squares and maximum product of spacing estimation approaches are utilized for estimation purposes. In addition, two interval estimation methods are considered utilizing the asymptotic features of the maximum likelihood and maximum product of spacing estimates. A simulation investigation is conducted to evaluate the efficiency of diverse point and interval estimations beneath various strategies involving sample sizes, effective number of failures, and removal designs. From a practical perspective, a pair of datasets are explored to confirm the effectiveness of the theoretical findings.
External circuitry effects on the breakdown process of capacitive coupled plasma at medium pressure
Authors: Zhao Lifen , Wu Hao , Wang Yu , Yu Shimin , Chen Zili , Liu Xiangmei , Jiang Wei , Zhang Ya
Published: January 2025

We examine the influence of external circuit parameters on the breakdown of radio-frequency capacitively coupled plasma (RF-CCP) at pressures of 1 Torr and 10 Torr using a fluid-external circuit coupled model. At 1 Torr, best impedance matching delays the breakdown time, suggesting that non-best matching may expedite initiation. At 10 Torr, breakdown time decreases slightly under best matching, indicating minimal effect at higher pressures. Higher pressure divides the breakdown onset phase into two stages: an initial decrease in electron density with rising energy, followed by exponential density growth with oscillatory energy increases. Using best matching parameters enhances steady-state electron density and electron heating at both pressures. These findings highlight the significant role of external circuit parameters in the breakdown process and offer insights for optimizing plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) processes.
Influence of air dispersion on the stability of laser pulses
Authors: Bugay Aleksandr N , Khalyapin Vyacheslav A
Published: January 2025

The dynamics of pulses propagating in nonlinear dispersive medium are considered. The analysis is based on a theoretical model without the dispersion series expansion that is applicable to the complex dispersion response of air containing many components. A soliton-like solution and the conditions of its stability are obtained. It is shown that there is a limit to the duration of the signal under which it will be stable.
Model—Independent Probe of Cosmic Distance Duality Relation
Authors: Gahlaut Savita
Published: January 2025

In this paper, cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) is probed without considering any background cosmological model. The only a priori assumption is that the Universe is described by the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric. The strong gravitational lensing data is used to construct the dimensionless co-moving distance function d(z) and latest type Ia supernovae Pantheon+ data is used to estimate luminosity distances at the corresponding redshifts z. Using the distance sum rule along null geodesics of the FLRW metric, the CDDR violation is probed in both flat and non-flat spacetime by considering two parametrizations for η(z), the function generally used to probe the possible deviations from CDDR. The results show that CDDR is compatible with the observations at a very high level of confidence for linear parametrization in a flat Universe. In a non-flat Universe too, CDDR is valid within the 1σ confidence interval with a mild dependence of η on the curvature density parameter Ω
K
. The results for nonlinear parametrization also show no significant deviation from CDDR.
Estimating the contribution of Arctic sea-ice loss to central Asia temperature anomalies: the case of winter 2020/2021
Authors: Cosford Lara R , Ghosh Rohit , Kretschmer Marlene , Oatley Clare , Shepherd Theodore G
Published: January 2025

Arctic sea-ice cover has declined drastically in recent decades, notably in the Barents-Kara Seas (BKS). Previous research has linked low autumn BKS-ice cover to subsequent cold Eurasian winters. This lagged relationship was observed in 2020/2021. Using a causal network framework grounded in known physical mechanisms, we assess how strongly one factor directly influences another (i.e. the causal relationship) and apply this analysis to the anomalies from 2020/2021. We show that although year-to-year BKS-ice variations have only a minor impact on Central Asia temperatures, that causal effect becomes important for attribution and prediction when we consider the large long-term trend in BKS-ice cover. In particular, we find that Central Asia’s 2021 negative winter surface air temperature anomaly (relative to 1980–2020) can be fully explained by the BKS-ice anomaly. We further estimate that BKS-ice loss has more than halved the winter warming over Central Asia over the past 40 years. Hence rather than debating a cooling trend in Central Asia during winter, we propose shifting the focus to the influence of Arctic Amplification on anticipated warming trends. This study illustrates the efficacy of causal network analysis, which has implications for seasonal prediction and attribution of midlatitude winter anomalies.
Many-body density of states of bosonic and fermionic gases: a combinatorial approach
Authors: Echter Carolyn , Maier Georg , Urbina Juan-Diego , Lewenkopf Caio , Richter Klaus
Published: January 2025

We use a combinatorial approach to obtain exact expressions for the many-body density of states of fermionic and bosonic gases with equally spaced single-particle spectra. We identify a mapping that reveals a remarkable property, namely, fermionic and bosonic gases have the same many-body density of states, up to a shift corresponding to ground state energy. Additionally, we show that there is a regime, comprising the validity range of the Bethe approximation, where the many-body density of states becomes independent of the number of particles.
Heat transport in the quantum Rabi model: universality and ultrastrong coupling effects
Authors: Magazzù L , Paladino E , Grifoni M
Published: January 2025

Heat transport in a qubit–oscillator junction described by the quantum Rabi model is investigated. Upon variation of temperature, bias on the qubit and the qubit–oscillator coupling strength, a rich variety of effects is identified. For weak coupling to bosonic heat baths, transport is essentially controlled by the qubit–oscillator coupling g which defines a Kondo-like temperature

T
K

(
g
)

. At temperatures much lower than

T
K

, coherent heat transfer via virtual processes yields a T
3 behavior in the linear conductance as a function of T, modulated by a prefactor determined by the junction parameters and unravelling its multilevel nature. In particular, a coherent suppression of the conductance arises in the presence of quasi-degeneracies in the spectrum. For

T
≳

T
K

, sequential processes dominate heat transfer and a scaling regime is found when quantities are scaled with

T
K

. The conductance as a function of the bias on the qubit undergoes a transition from a resonant behavior at weak qubit–resonator coupling to a broadened, zero-bias peak regime at ultrastrong coupling.
Leveraging multi-task learning regressor chains for small and sparse tabular data in materials design
Authors: Conrad Felix , Wiemer Hajo , Ihlenfeldt Steffen
Published: January 2025

Machine learning has become increasingly important in materials design, yet traditional single-task learning (STL) models fail to fully exploit the potential of available data in scenarios involving multiple targets and incomplete datasets. While STL models overlook the inherent correlations between target properties, this study showcases how multi-task learning (MTL) effectively leverages these correlations. Therefore, the performance of MTL methods compared to STL is evaluated across five datasets, covering twelve prediction tasks and incorporating different types and levels of data sparsity. Our findings reveal that MTL significantly outperforms STL, particularly in sparse data scenarios, with up to 15% prediction improvements across all tasks. Moreover, MTL methods utilizing regressor chains with automated machine learning tools achieve superior performance compared to those based on neural networks, with minimal training effort required. This work advances data efficiency in data-driven materials design, establishing MTL as a potent tool for simultaneous learning and predicting multiple material properties.
Fluorophore signal detection and imaging enhancement in high refractive index nanowire biosensors
Authors: Anttu Nicklas
Published: January 2025

Semiconductor nanowires are an efficient platform for fluorescence-based biosensors. Here, we model how a GaP nanowire (i) enhances the excitation intensity at the position of the fluorophore attached to the nanowire sidewall, (ii) enhances the probability to collect photons emitted from the fluorophore, and (iii) through the Purcell effect increases the quantum yield of the fluorophore. With optimized design, we can reach a larger than 102 enhancement in signal. We also model imaging-based detection. There, waveguiding in the nanowire beats the limitations set by the depth of view in conventional microscopy, enabling the use of a long nanowire to enhance the binding-area for fluorophores. As an example, we can focus to the top of a 4000 nm long nanowire and reach a 25 times sharper image from a fluorophore at the bottom of the nanowire, as compared to such a 4000 nm defocusing in a conventional planar biosensor platform.
Flux pinning in superconducting multilayer 2H-NbSe2 nano-step junction
Authors: Kwon Minseong , Kim Mingi , Gong Yoonji , Lee Heeyeon , Kim Young Duck
Published: January 2025

Superconductors exhibit dissipationless supercurrents even under finite bias and magnetic field conditions, provided these remain below the critical values. However, type-II superconductors in the flux flow regime display Ohmic dissipation arising from vortex dynamics under finite magnetic fields. The interplay between supercurrent and Ohmic dissipation in a type-II superconductor is dictated by vortex motion and the robustness of vortex pinning forces. In this study, we present an experimental investigation of the superconducting phase transitions and vortex dynamics in the atomically thin type-II superconductor 2H-NbSe2. We fabricated a high-quality multilayer 2H-NbSe2 with a step junction, demonstrating supercurrent in clean limit below a critical temperature of 6.6 K and a high residual resistance ratio of 17. The upper critical field was estimated to be 4.5 T and the Ginzburg–Landau coherence length 8.6 nm. Additionally, we observed phase transitions induced by vortex viscous dynamics in the 2H-NbSe2 step junction. Analysis of the pinning force density using the Dew-Hughes model indicates that the pinning force in the 2H-NbSe2 device can be attributed to step junction, related to the surface-Δκ type of pinning centers. Our findings pave the way for engineering pinning forces by introducing artificial pinning centers through partial atomic thickness variation in layered 2D superconductors while minimizing unwanted quality degradation in the system.
𝐺-Global Homotopy Theory and Algebraic 𝐾-Theory
Authors: Lenz Tobias
Published: January 2025

We develop the foundations of

G
G

-global homotopy theory as a synthesis of classical equivariant homotopy theory on the one hand and global homotopy theory in the sense of Schwede on the other hand. Using this framework, we then introduce the

G
G

-global algebraic

K
K

-theory of small symmetric monoidal categories with

G
G

-action, unifying

G
G

-equivariant algebraic

K
K

-theory, as considered for example by Shimakawa, and Schwede’s global algebraic

K
K

-theory.

As an application of the theory, we prove that the

G
G

-global algebraic

K
K

-theory functor exhibits the category of small symmetric monoidal categories with

G
G

-action as a model of connective

G
G

-global stable homotopy theory, generalizing and strengthening a classical non-equivariant result due to Thomason. This in particular allows us to deduce the corresponding statements for global and equivariant algebraic

K
K

-theory.
Reimagining Veteran Identity
Authors: Gurney Peter , Grant Matthew , Morley Joel
Published: January 2025

The emergence of a ‘veteran identity’ in the twenty-first century has been of major importance to how national servicemen have made sense of their time in the forces. Contemporary cultures of commemoration surrounding both the First World War and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan underpinned a sense of a wider identify linking all those who have served. Although separated by 90 years, these wars are linked by the perceived heroism of ordinary soldiers and the neglect they suffered at the hands of both politicians and the general public. This model of military service has helped open up a space in which memories of conflict and military participation are seen as more significant for both individuals and the nation.
Unravelling the Myth
Authors: Gurney Peter , Grant Matthew , Morley Joel
Published: January 2025

The myth of classlessness frequently unravelled as life stories were recounted. Although interviewees routinely denied the relevance of class, they also proved most adept at using class language. They used it to make sense of the communities in which they grew up, becoming more aware of social difference as they moved through education, courtship and work. Conflict among conscripts from different regions undermined the idea of classlessness during national service, and so too did conflict between conscripts and officers from public schools. Some interviewees from middle-class families learned to negotiate better class relations during national service, which they turned to their advantage in civilian life.
Subjectivity and Gender Identity
Authors: Gurney Peter , Grant Matthew , Morley Joel
Published: January 2025

The constitution of masculine subjectivity had inescapably psychological dimensions and is not simply a matter of following cultural scripts. The way national service helped some conscripts overcome their ‘inferiority complex’ and negotiate their role in the ‘family drama’ is discussed in this chapter, the latter sometimes resulting in confrontation with fathers of various kinds. The chapter goes on to provide a detailed case study of an individual who felt greater need to break away from their mother’s rather than their father’s influence. For this interviewee, national service provided the space and the models he required in order to remake his masculine self, in ways that proved highly useful in later life.
Duty, Moral Knowledge, and Intrinsic Value in Rossian Intuitionism
Authors: Audi Robert
Published: January 2025

This chapter has two main aims. First, it clarifies both Ross’s ethical intuitionism and the notions of intuition and intuitionism in ethics generally—both are variously conceived, and sometimes misconceived, in ethical literature. Second, it extends Ross’s moral theory in ways that show its strength and wide applicability in ethics, theoretical and applied. Six elements in Ross’s theory in The Right and the Good (1930) are presented and briefly assessed: the increasingly important notion of prima facie duty; the kindred concept of overall duty—“duty proper,” in one phrase Ross uses for the prevailing (“final”) duty one has when conflicting prima facie duties are accounted for; the notion—important for most intuitionists—of self-evidence; Ross’s account of intrinsic value and its relation to duty; the nature and scope of beneficence, a concept important for Ross and indeed any comprehensive ethics; and finally, Ross’s metaphysics, particularly its relation to ethical naturalism.
The Prima Facie/Overall Duty Distinction
Authors: Crisp Roger
Published: January 2025

This chapter attempts to elucidate, and to explain the history and the importance of, the distinction between what Ross called ‘prima facie’ duties and ‘overall’ duties. The first section outlines Ross’s celebrated discussion, distinguishing a conditional account from a comparative account based on the idea of ‘tendencies’. Ross’s view is set against those of Prichard and Price, and it is suggested that Price could be said to have offered an earlier and clearer account of prima facie duties. The second section shows how Aristotle’s ethical view would have been improved through recognition of the distinction. The final section, with reference to the so-called ‘All or Nothing Problem’, shows how failure to recognize the prima facie/overall distinction, and in particular its capacity to explain good aspects of actions which are bad overall, continues to cause unnecessary complications in moral philosophy.
Ross and Aesthetic Value
Authors: Bradford Gwen
Published: January 2025

While Ross did not, so far as it seems, write on aesthetic value in any work dedicated exclusively to that topic, he defends a view of aesthetic value in The Right and the Good that he further develops in Foundations of Ethics. Ross has a dispositionalist account of the definition of aesthetic value: aesthetic value, specifically beauty, is a disposition to induce aesthetic experience. But beauty is instrumentally, not intrinsically, valuable. Rather, only aesthetic experience is intrinsically valuable. Nevertheless, its value is derivative: it is composed of the value of pleasure and the value of knowledge, two underivative goods. Ross enhances his aesthetic axiology in Foundations of Ethics, adding that artistic creation may have intrinsic value, which he does by drawing on a perfectionist rationale. This chapter presents an overview and critical discussion of Ross’s views on aesthetic value.
Single males among wild women? Gender trouble in the parodos of Euripides’ Bacchae
Authors: Bednarek Bartłomiej
Published: January 2025

According to scholarly tradition, maenadic practices were exclusively feminine. Thus, the parodos of Euripides’ Bacchae is thought to contain references and allusions to rituals from which men were either excluded or could participate only by way of exception. As I argue, however, the text does not actually contain any clues to such an effect. Instead, the chorus insists on male participation in Dionysian rituals and invites the fictional men of Thebes to join them in the cult.
Ventris’ Grids
Authors: Stavrakakis Emmanouil
Published: January 2025

What is the relationship between Michael Ventris’ decipherment of Linear B and his architecture? The British architect who—against all philologists, archaeologists, and linguists—deciphered the ancient script is still renowned as a decipherer but a long-forgotten figure in the realm of architecture. This article compares the two operations; deciphering (writing) and drawing with the use of a series of his drawings (many of which have never been published before). Through a formal analysis of the various types of grids coming from his work on architecture and on the decipherment, this piece claims that Ventris used the construction of maps (Guides) of the modern buildings of London as an exercise for the mapping of the signs of Linear B. The argument rests on how certain operations of architecture can be understood outside architecture. (What counts as architectural?) On the one hand, it adds to the fascinating story of Michael Ventris and the decipherment of Linear B. On the other hand, it contributes to our understanding of the radical operation of pattern recognition in the predigital (analogical) world of architecture.
Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of an investigational maternal respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F protein-based vaccine
Authors: Banooni Peyman , Gonik Bernard , Epalza Cristina , Reyes Osvaldo , Madhi Shabir A , Gomez-Go Grace Devota , Zaman Khalequ , Llapur Conrado Juan , López-Medina Eduardo , Stanley Thorsten , Kantele Anu , Huang Li-Min , Mussi-Pinhata Marisa Márcia , Dewulf Jonas , Langley Joanne M , Seidl Claudia , Ota Martin , Kirabo Martha , Anspach Bruno , Dieussaert Ilse , Henry Ouzama , Kim Joon Hyung , Picciolato Marta
Published: January 2025

Background

In this phase 3 trial of an investigational maternal respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F protein-based vaccine (RSVPreF3-Mat), a higher rate of preterm birth was observed in the vaccine (6.8%) versus the placebo group (4.9%). Trial enrollment and vaccination were stopped. Results of investigations into this safety signal were reported previously. Here, we describe end-of-trial efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety results.

Methods

Women 18-49 years old were randomized 2:1 to receive one dose of RSVPreF3-Mat (n=3557) or placebo (n=1771) at 240/7-340/7 weeks’ gestation. Primary outcomes were any and severe medically assessed RSV-associated lower respiratory tract disease (MA-RSV-LRTD) in infants until 6 months post-birth and safety until 12 months post-birth. Other efficacy outcomes were evaluated, along with immunogenicity (until 6 months post-partum/birth) and safety in mothers and infants.

Results

Efficacy in infants until 6 months post-birth was 65.5% (95% credible interval: 37.5-82.0) against any MA-RSV-LRTD, 69.0% (33.0-87.6) against severe MA-RSV-LRTD, and 50.1% (-3.6-75.8) against RSV hospitalization; it waned over time thereafter. Efficacy against MA-RSV-LRTD was 47.8% (-25.8-77.3) in low- and middle-income and 75.9% (46.1-91.5) in high-income countries. RSVPreF3-Mat induced a substantial increase in RSV-A neutralization titers in mothers, with efficient transplacental transfer of antibodies that persisted in infants until at least 6 months post-birth.

Conclusion

Consistent with the high titers of transplacentally transferred antibodies, this trial suggests a reduced risk of any/severe MA-RSV-LRTD and RSV hospitalization until 6 months post-birth in infants born to mothers immunized with RSVPreF3-Mat during pregnancy. However, vaccine development was terminated due to an identified preterm birth risk.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04605159
Sustainable solutions to the continuous threat of antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Spellberg Brad , Gilbert David N , Baym Michael , Bearman Gonzalo , Boyles Tom , Casadevall Arturo , Forrest Graeme N , Freling Sarah , Ghanem Bassam , Hamilton Fergus , Luna Brian , Moore Jessica , Musher Daniel M , Nielsen Travis B , Nori Priya , Phillips Matthew C , Pirofski Liise-Anne , Shorr Andrew F , Tong Steven Y C , Lee Todd C , McDonald Emily G
Published: January 2025

To combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR), advocates have called for passage of the Pioneering Antimicrobial Subscriptions To End Upsurging Resistance (PASTEUR) Act in the United States, which would appropriate $6 billion in new taxpayer-funded subsidies for antibiotic development. However, the number of antibiotics in clinical development, and US Food and Drug Administration approvals of new antibiotics, have already markedly increased in the last 15 years. Thus, instead of focusing on more economic subsidies, we recommend reducing selective pressure driving AMR by (1) establishing pay-for-performance mechanisms that disincentivize overprescribing of antibiotics, (2) focusing existing research and development funding on strategies that decrease reliance on antibiotics, and (3) changing regulation or law to require specialized training in antibiotic stewardship for a clinician to be able to prescribe new antibiotics that target unmet AMR need. To stabilize the antibiotic market, we recommend (1) establishment of an advisory board of clinical practitioners to more accurately target existing antibiotic incentives and (2) endowment of nonprofit companies that sustainably self-fund antibiotic discovery, creating a bench of molecules that can be partnered with industry at later stages of development.
Combination adjuvant improves influenza virus immunity by downregulation of immune homeostasis genes in lymphocytes
Authors: Dollinger Emmanuel , Hernandez-Davies Jenny , Felgner Jiin , Jain Aarti , Hwang Michael , Strahsburger Erwin , Nakajima Rie , Jasinskas Algimantas , Nie Qing , Pone Egest James , Othy Shivashankar , Davies David Huw
Published: January 2025

Adjuvants play a central role in enhancing the immunogenicity of otherwise poorly immunogenic vaccine antigens. Combining adjuvants has the potential to enhance vaccine immunogenicity compared with single adjuvants, although the cellular and molecular mechanisms of combination adjuvants are not well understood. Using the influenza virus hemagglutinin H5 antigen, we define the immunological landscape of combining CpG and MPLA (TLR-9 and TLR-4 agonists, respectively) with a squalene nanoemulsion (AddaVax) using immunologic and transcriptomic profiling. Mice immunized and boosted with recombinant H5 in AddaVax, CpG+MPLA, or AddaVax plus CpG+MPLA (IVAX-1) produced comparable levels of neutralizing antibodies and were equally well protected against the H5N1 challenge. However, after challenge with H5N1 virus, H5/IVAX-1–immunized mice had 100- to 300-fold lower virus lung titers than mice receiving H5 in AddaVax or CpG+MPLA separately. Consistent with enhanced viral clearance, unsupervised expression analysis of draining lymph node cells revealed the combination adjuvant IVAX-1 significantly downregulated immune homeostasis genes, and induced higher numbers of antibody-producing plasmablasts than either AddaVax or CpG+MPLA. IVAX-1 was also more effective after single-dose administration than either AddaVax or CpG+MPLA. These data reveal a novel molecular framework for understanding the mechanisms of combination adjuvants, such as IVAX-1, and highlight their potential for the development of more effective vaccines against respiratory viruses.
Complete Integrability of Subriemannian Geodesic Flows on 𝕊7
Authors: Bauer Wolfram , Laaroussi Abdellah , Tarama Daisuke
Published: January 2025

Four subriemannian (SR) structures over the Euclidean sphere $\mathbb{S}^{7}$ are considered in accordance to the previous literature. The defining bracket generating distribution is chosen as the horizontal space in the Hopf fibration, the quaternionic Hopf fibration, or spanned by a suitable number of canonical vector fields. In all cases the induced SR geodesic flow on $T^{*}\mathbb{S}^{7}$ is studied. Adapting a method by A. Thimm in [36], a maximal set of functionally independent and Poisson commuting first integrals are constructed, including the corresponding SR Hamiltonian. As a result, the complete integrability in the sense of Liouville is proved for the SR geodesic flow. It is observed that these first integrals arise as the symbols of commuting second-order differential operators one of them being a (not necessarily intrinsic) sublaplacian. On the way one explicitly derives the Lie algebras of all SR isometry groups intersected with $O(8)$.
Genetic and species rearrangements in microbial consortia impact biodegradation potential
Authors: Saati-Santamaría Zaki , Navarro-Gómez Pilar , Martínez-Mancebo Juan A , Juárez-Mugarza Maitane , Flores Amando , Canosa Inés
Published: January 2025

Genomic reorganisation between species and horizontal gene transfer have been considered the most important mechanism of biological adaptation under selective pressure. Still, the impact of mobile genes in microbial ecology is far from being completely understood. Here we present the collection and characterisation of microbial consortia enriched from environments contaminated with emerging pollutants, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. We have obtained and further enriched two ibuprofen-degrading microbial consortia from two unrelated wastewater treatment plants. We have also studied their ability to degrade the drug and the dynamics of the reorganisations of the genetic information responsible for its biodegradation among the species within the consortium. Our results show that genomic reorganisation within microorganisms and species rearrangements occur rapidly and efficiently during the selection process, which may be facilitated by plasmids and/or transposable elements located within the sequences. We show the evolution of at least two different plasmid backbones on samples from different locations, showing rearrangements of genomic information, including genes encoding activities for IBU degradation. As a result, we found variations in the expression pattern of the consortia after evolution under selective pressure, as an adaptation process to the new conditions. This work provides evidence for changes in the metagenomes of microbial communities that allow adaptation under a selective constraint –ibuprofen as a sole carbon source– and represents a step forward in knowledge that can inspire future biotechnological developments for drug bioremediation.