bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aircraft automatic detection on Station7hz interface using signal processing and artificial intelligence - ACOUDET - First method
Authors: DUEE Raphael , MARTIN Alexis , VASSEUR Hugo , DESJARDINS Jean-Frédéric
Published: October 2024

The global project is to design a automatic noise event detection and classification system in real time using signal processing and artificial intelligence (AI). The first phase focuses on transport noise (aircrafts, trains, road vehicles, etc.). Secondly, the plan is to extend detection
to construction site noise and any natural or life sources. This paper presents the first method developed to detect audible aircrafts pass-by. It focused on the development of a prototype detection algorithm, its results in situ conditions, and insights on future developments to create a
robust aircraft and train noise detection system. The data collection method, aircraft audio signal particularities and a first detection method are described. The robustness of the detections is evaluated and limitation induced by real time detection are discussed. Thanks to the proprietary
monitoring system Station-7hz. it has been possible to detect aircrafts in different types of sound environments in a straightforward manner, showing better results at night due to a quieter environment. Future developments based on a hybrid algorithm include AI models for audibility assessment
and unwanted event filtering during aircraft pass-by. Aircraft's presence is detected via radar data and the detection of maximum acoustic levels correlated with aircraft parameters.
Application of the International Standards for noise insulation assessment of a metamaterial-based ventilated window
Authors: FUSARO Gioia , BARBARESI Luca , GARAI Massimo
Published: October 2024

In recent years, acoustic metamaterials (AMMs) have been developed to create more ergonomic designs that can be integrated into the built environment. For instance, embedding metamaterials in windows has facilitated effective ventilation and sound insulation. Presently, European standards
provide specific guidelines for evaluating the insulation properties of façades, enabling the characterisation of both active and passive noise management solutions to ensure a healthy indoor environment. However, these standards primarily focus on closed partitions, limiting their
applicability to noise management open systems. This study employs the ISO 10140 measurement method to assess a vertical metamaterial-based partition, namely an acoustic metawindow (AMW) unit, that, when open, allows noise insulation and ventilation contemporarily. The standardised level difference
(Dn,e) is used to assess the performance of the open AMW unit's noise insulation. The results demonstrate the applicability of ISO 10140 for assessing an open AMW unit's performance, showcasing a Dn,e,w = 27 dB in the frequency range 1000-5000 Hz and an improvement over an open standard window
ranging from 3 to 15 dB. This initial exploration could pave the way for more inclusive regulations considering ventilated sound-insulating devices as vertical partitions in the built environment and more comprehensive assessment methods for AMMs-based ventilated systems.
Design solutions to optimise acoustic requirements for specific work activities in open-plan offices
Authors: CARADONNA Riccardo , ASTOLFI Arianna
Published: October 2024

A high level of concentration is required in open-plan offices, which entails an optimized acoustic environment. The aim is to create a fit-employee environment in which speech privacy is guaranteed without compromising the sense of cooperation among occupants. The purpose of this study
is to investigate the design solutions which optimize the acoustic requirements of ISO 3382-3 for a specific work activity defined in ISO 22955, such as non-collaborative work, collaborative work between people and mixed between collaborative and non-collaborative. The case study is one open-plan
office occupied by 12 workers, which was not compliant with the standard. Acoustic measurements were used to calibrate the acoustic model in the Odeon software. Two screen and cubicle heights, three types of ceilings and two wall absorption configurations have been tested in a matrix of solutions
for the office in the simulation model. This allowed us to investigate the design solutions that guarantee optimal values for the acoustical parameters chosen for each specific activity.
On the acceptance limits for short-term level fluctuation of sound calibrators
Authors: HODGES Timothy , WU Lixue , KOUKOULAS Triantafillos , DOYON D'AMOUR Francis , STEPHAN Michel , ST-GELAIS Raphael
Published: October 2024

To ensure noise measurement accuracy, sound calibrators are used to check the sound level meter accuracy before and after any such measurements, as required by most noise regulations. The sound calibrator itself needs to be calibrated routinely and traceable to national standards. The
International Standard IEC 60942, Electroacoustics - Sound calibrators, specifies performance requirements for the sound pressure level, short-term level fluctuation, frequency, and distortion and associated test methods. However, the acceptance limits for short-term level fluctuation specified
in IEC 60942 is problematic. The short-term level fluctuation acceptance limits specified in Table 2 of IEC 60942 for the level variations inherited by a stable sinusoid at low frequencies are either underestimated or overestimated. In this paper, a detailed theoretical analysis is presented
addressing this particular issue. Closed-form solutions are obtained for typical sinusoidal sound signals. Two experimental setups and measurement results for the validation of the theoretical analysis are also presented. One uses a commercial sound level meter and the other uses a precision
sound pressure measurement system developed recently at the National Research Council Canada. A revised table for the acceptance limits is then proposed for the future revision of Table 2 of IEC 60942.
Numerical simulation of the flow-induced noise of a ducted diaphragm using the Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: JEGO Laurie , GRONDEAU Mikaël , SANCHEZ Jean-Max , GUILLOU Sylvain , BAILLY Christophe , REGNIEZ Margaux
Published: October 2024

Acoustic discretion is of prime importance for submarines while operating, in order not to be detected. One of the submarine acoustic sources is the noise induced by water flows passing through singularities in pipes ending at the hull, thus radiating acoustic waves in the vessel surroundings.
Predicting the noise induced by singularities in pipes is then fundamental to determine the acoustic signature of an underwater ship. Several Computational Aero-Acoustics methods have been implemented in order to predict the sound induced by singularities such as diaphragms and perforated
plates. In this study, the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) coupled to Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is used to simulate the flow passing through a diaphragm and to predict the induced noise. The method is first implemented for an airflow in a rectangular duct, with the final objective of being
applied to confined water flows encountered in circular or rectangular ducts.
MAGPIE: a web-based, open-source framework for plate vibration analysis
Authors: HAMILTON Matthew , DUCCESCHI Michele , MOUSSEAU Alexis , DURAN Sebastian
Published: October 2024

The analysis and simulation of plate vibrations are central to many branches of science and engineering, specifically acoustics and musical acoustics. Well-developed plate theories exist, along with numerous simulation software packages, but they are seldom available in open-source
form and are not easily accessible to a greater audience. MAGPIE is a framework for interacting with a novel finite difference scheme for plates under general elastic boundary conditions. Free, clamped, and simply supported boundary conditions are obtainable by setting stiffness coefficients
to very small or large values. Boundary conditions are parameterised which allow for intermediate possibilities. A web browser based implementation of the framework includes interactive elements. Users begin by providing parameters for an isotropic plate. These parameters are then used to
generate visualisations of the mode shapes from the finite difference scheme simulation. Elastic boundary conditions can then be changed on a continuous scale to see their effect on mode shapes. Results are then available for export in common image and data formats. MAGPIE aims to make it
easier to explain concepts such as mode shapes to a wider audience and also provide a tool for research that is accessible to students, scientists and musical instrument builders.
Analysis of representation and generalization capabilities of pre-trained audio models in urban environments
Authors: ATZENI Daniele , VIDAñA-VILA Ester , ALSINA-PAGES Rosa Maria
Published: October 2024

In the last decade, urban noise pollution has become a significant environmental concern that can be mitigated with the help of audio detection algorithms for classifying different sources of noise and creating more informative noise maps. In this context, machine learning, particularly
transfer learning, is an essential technology that enables accurate analysis of urban noise sources. However, the choice of the pre-trained model used to compute audio embeddings can significantly influence the performance of downstream classification tasks. This paper aims to compare the
embeddings of various pre-trained models on different data collection campaigns in the context of the Sons al balcó project and quantify the robustness of audio representations. To achieve this, we develop metrics and statistically test the presence of distribution shifts in learned
latent features. To evaluate the quality of the embeddings, we perform both qualitative and quantitative analysis using dimensionality reduction methods and assess the performance on downstream tasks using data from different collection campaigns. Results highlight major differences between
general purpose and specific models. Our findings suggest the need for careful consideration during the choice of the pre-trained model to use in audio event detection applications.
AES67 based microphone array for sound source localization
Authors: KRON Thorben , KOCH Thomas , ENDE Christoph , EGELER Jonas , HUTH Christine , SCHLESINGER Anton , HöHLE Laura , BARTNITZEK Jens , BöHME Ralf , SCHLüTER Benjamin
Published: October 2024

Within the research project EAV-Infra, a novel microphone array system was developed. The system stands out for its utilization of Ethernet-based signal, control data and power transmission, ensuring a high degree of flexibility in operation. The key feature is its ability to facilitate
real-time multichannel audio streaming via AES67, allowing for scalable and distributed recording and computing. With a total of 64 digital miniaturized microphones integrated into its printed circuit board-based design, the system allows for analysis of audio data for beamforming and other
sound localization mechanisms. Adherence to audio and networking standards ensures synchronized transmission of audio data over packet-based networks. The system's emphasis on scalability, flexibility, and affordability makes it well-suited for a wide range of applications in fields like acoustic
metrology and the entertainment industry, providing a comprehensive solution for high-quality audio processing needs across diverse domains.
Evaluating the effect of dome geometry on acoustical quality of a pavilion
Authors: AKHTAR Syed Azhar , SUNEJA Manavvi , MANOHARE Manish
Published: October 2024

Acoustic performance of structures is an emerging field of research enquiry, with limited number of studies conducted in the Indian context. To address this gap, this study examines the effect of varied dome geometry on the acoustic quality of a pavilion. In-situ measurements pertaining
to energy decay curve from impulse sound were collated at a historical 'Baradari'. The square shaped pavilion considered in the study is surmounted by a shallow dome and has three doorways on each side. Virtual simulation models of the pavilion were built thereafter and validated. In this
study, dome geometries that emerged between the 15th-19th century (corbelled, shallow, single-shell, bulbous, and onion) in the Indian subcontinent are examined. Acoustic simulation was conducted on treble software to assess and compare the sound quality of each dome geometry. The study found
that the reverberation, RT30, for the flat dome was approximately half to that of the single-shell dome. The study established that the choice of dome geometry is crucial as it impacts the reverberation time. The study findings vary with building typology, size, and architectural features.
Nevertheless, this study should be viewed as a case-specific analysis that identifies optimal dome geometry for improved pavilion acoustics.
The city at ear level - Qualifying the role of soft data in soundscape development and research
Authors: LUNDGåRD Sissel Raahede , STENFELDT Liselott , HøJLUND Marie Koldkjær
Published: October 2024

The ISO/TS 12913-series on Soundscape, has the potential to exert significant influence on urban life, impacting infrastructural development, sustainability practices, and overall quality of life. This paper underscores the imperative of exploring the city's soundscape at ear-level,
emphasizing a perspective of sonic citizenship wherein the individual's lived experience takes precedence. Such a perspective focuses on an understanding of soundscapes as dynamic attuning relations, including how multisensory atmospheres shaped by non-acoustic factors influence our assessment
of soundscapes. Citizens engage in negotiating, performing, and sharing responsibility for these soundscapes. We propose how urban interventions and experiments can help glean finer insights into people's lived experiences and capture such nuanced, often subconscious aspects when developing
urban soundscapes. These initiatives aim to motivate and empower a diverse spectrum of citizens, to engage in co-creating the urban development process. We argue that fostering such participatory activities enhances awareness and underscores the urgency of high-quality soundscapes in collaboration
with relevant authorities and urban stakeholders. Additionally, these interventions yield soft data elucidating cultural and social practices, enriching our understanding of the experiential dimensions of soundscapes and informing future urban development.
Probing a planet from the subsurface to the atmosphere with infrasound data
Authors: MAROUCHKA Froment , BRISSAUD Quentin , NäSHOLM Sven Peter , SOLBERG Celine Marie , KASCHWICH Tina , TURQUET Antoine
Published: October 2024

The analysis of infrasound waves has a significant potential for retrieving a range of geophysical parameters across various scales, such as atmospheric structures, characteristics of surface and buried sources, and seismic velocity structures. This potential was recently showcased
in infrasound studies that illustrated the ability to retrieve Earth's shallow velocities and Mars' near-surface atmospheric winds from remote acoustic observations. Consequently, infrasound is becoming an essential component of planetary missions, providing insights into the interiors and
atmospheres of other terrestrial planets in the solar system. However, utilizing infrasound data requires efficient forward wave simulation techniques and an accurate description of waveform sensitivity to source and medium parameters. Even under ideal conditions, many inverse problems associated
with infrasound-based probing are inherently ill-posed, necessitating regularization or other approaches to ensure reliable results. In this contribution, we highlight recent seismo-acoustic research findings, addressing atmospheric probing at both smaller and global scales, as well as innovative
methods to accelerate infrasonic wave propagation modeling.
Study of indoor and outdoor noise in primary schools in the city of São Paulo - Brazil
Authors: AQUILINO Marcelo , IKEDA Cristina , SUZUKI Eliane , PIRES Henrique
Published: October 2024

Noise pollution has been treated by the World Health Organization as the cause of several diseases, in addition to being the second largest environmental polluter, being surpassed only by air pollution. For schools, excessive noise, in addition to causing illness, is responsible for
low levels of cognition and low productivity for both students and teachers. In general, Brazilian public schools are built on land provided by the government, in places that are not suitable for their siting. Thus, in Brazilian schools, students are exposed to noise from the surroundings,
as well as noise generated indoors, which is not negligible, reaching levels that can be harmful to health and incompatible with educational activities. This study shows the evaluation of the level of indoor and outdoor noise in classrooms of five primary schools in the city of São
Paulo, in the pre-pandemic period of COVID-19, comparing the results with those established by legislation, in addition to evaluating other descriptors such as LAeq, L10, L90, and SIL. The results show that classroom users are exposed to noise levels that complicate the communication of the
teacher's message to the student, disrupt concentration and can even be affecting their health
The impact of boundary conditions on the acoustical behavior of lightweight granular particle stacks
Authors: MO Zhuang , SONG Guochenhao , SHI Tongyang , BOLTON J. Stuart
Published: October 2024

The acoustical behavior of air-saturated granular stacks can differ significantly from that of more traditional sound absorbing materials such as fibrous webs and foams when tested in a standing wave tube. The latter materials can often be modeled as equivalent fluids by using one-dimensional
theory, with the further assumption that their behavior does not depend on the input signal level. In contrast, level dependence of the response of lightweight granular materials such as glass bubbles has been consistently observed in previous studies. At low input levels, the absorption coefficient
of glass bubble stacks shows solid-like behavior with multiple peaks associated with radial modes of the solid phase of the edge-constrained stack: i.e., the response is two-dimensional. In contrast, at high input levels, glass bubble stacks show one-dimensional fluid-like behavior, with the
quarter wave depth resonance dominating the response. It is hypothesized here that at high input levels the particles slip axially at the circumferential boundary, thus showing a one-dimensional response, while at low levels, the particles are constrained to have zero axial velocity, thus
creating a two-dimensional response. It is shown here that a two-dimensional finite difference implementation of the poro-elastic Biot theory can accurately reproduce the observed level-dependent behavior.
Initial Comparison of analytical methods for noise prediction of future electric aircraft powertrains
Authors: SCHULZE Philipp , GEYER Thomas , HURST Jakob
Published: October 2024

Increasing requirements regarding greenhouse gas emissions produced in the aviation sector require new technologies for aircraft propulsion systems. A suitable technology for a more sustainable and low emission aircraft is the electrification of the powertrain. The noise emission by
electric machines becomes an important contribution to the overall aircraft noise, especially since future aircraft will need high-power density electric machines that pose additional challenges regarding design and manufacturing. Electric machines with power densities of 10 kW/kg and higher
are currently not available for detailed measurements, to get a first impression of the dominating noise sources of electric motors, models for predicting the noise emission are necessary. Compared to numerical methods, analytical models offer a fast estimation of the noise generated by electric
motors. In this paper, analytical models for noise prediction generated by electric motors suitable for aircraft propulsion systems are presented. The most advanced model includes the calculation of the excitation forces acting on the stator due to the magnetic flux density that is coupled
with a sound radiation analysis of the outer surface of the motor. By varying the basic parameters for each model under investigation, the noise radiation of a permanent magnet synchronous electric motor is assessed.
Using dynamic time warping to measure similarity between spectra
Authors: DARE Tyler , WIXOM Andrew
Published: October 2024

Many situations in acoustics and noise control involve comparing two or more spectra. For example, when tuning a numerical model to match measured data, the measured and predicted sound pressure spectra will be compared. In machine learning applications, it is useful to express the
similarity between two spectra as a single number, which can then be incorporated into a cost function. It is common to use the mean square difference between the two spectra as this number. However, the mean square difference does not always reflect an acoustician's intuition of the similarity
between two spectra. For example, if the natural frequencies of the two spectra are slightly misaligned, the mean square difference can be quite high, even though the underlying system parameters are similar. In this paper, several different similarity metrics for spectra are explored. Most
notably, dynamic time warping (DTW) and its variants are applied to spectra and compared to more traditional metrics. Modifications to the DTW algorithm to handle logarithmic frequency and amplitude spacing as commonly arise when considering spectra are also addressed.
Sound synthesis of geometric and material changes in archtop guitars: towards the timbral design of musical instruments
Authors: GONZALEZ Sebastian , RAU Mark , ESPINOZA Carolina , LONGO Giacomo , ANTONACCI Fabio , SARTI Augusto
Published: October 2024

Through computer simulations and synthesis, our research studies the impact of various geometric and material modifications on archtop guitar sound. We use an accurate and realistic physical guitar model from which the bridge admittance and radiated sound pressure are computed. Subsequently,
we synthesise the sound of this instrument via state-of-the-art methods for two different chords. The generated sound is then analysed in terms of traditional timbral descriptors. With this framework, it is possible to hear the design changes that the maker can perform in a guitar, paving
the way for its timbral design, and bridging the gap between physical models and perception of sounds in musical instruments.
On the use of multiple vibroimpact absorbers for multimodal vibration control
Authors: SADOULET-REBOUL Emeline , CHABRIER Robin , FOLTETE Emmanuel , CHEVALLIER Gaël
Published: October 2024

Vibroimpact absorption is a vibration attenuation strategy that consists of transferring the energy of a vibrating structure to high frequencies during impacts with a secondary oscillating mass. The energy transferred is dissipated, and the process thus generated is irreversible. The
efficiency of a single absorber has been the subject of various experimental and numerical studies, and the aim here is to investigate the performance of a multiple configuration. To this end, a case study consisting of an aircraft wing model has been fitted with a network of absorbers whose
properties in gap and position can be modified. By optimizing these properties, it has been shown that it is possible to simultaneously control several modes and improve attenuation efficiency.
High sound pressure level sound absorption in acoustic resonant metamaterials: adapting a mass-spring model for nonlinear effects
Authors: LOPEZ Maël , KONE Tenon Charly , BENCHIKH LE HOCINE Alla Eddine , DUPONT Thomas , PANNETON Raymond
Published: October 2024

In aerospace, conventional materials as micro-perforated panels backed by cavities are used to absorb sound at high sound pressure levels. These solutions are not optimal at low frequencies compared to resonant acoustic metamaterials, which present an acoustic absorption peak with a
wavelength-to-thickness ratio greater than conventional materials, i.e., a ratio>>5. Acoustic resonant metamaterials are mainly studied at low sound pressure levels (<100dB). However, they are sensitive to increasing the amplitude of acoustic excitation. The studied metamaterial is
composed of a compact array of thin single-perforation panels spaced by thin cylindrical air cavities. In a previous study, a mass-spring model was developed for low sound pressure levels. The perforations are modeled by equivalent masses, whereas cavities by equivalent springs. In the perforations,
high values of the acoustic velocity lead to an increase in the acoustic resistance of the material. This effect is considered by the Forchheimer parameter in the mass-spring model. To determine this parameter and to study how it is impacted by the metamaterial geometry, the computational
fluid dynamic method is used. The mass-spring model is adapted with a nonlinear term. The adapted model agrees well with simulations by finite element method at sound pressure levels up to 140dB.
Compensation of staircase-induced boundary absorption errors in FDTD simulation
Authors: SMITS Jan W.
Published: October 2024

Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods are popular for wave-based simulations because their regular grid enables highly efficient implementation, especially on parallel processing architectures. On the flip side, these methods exhibit errors caused by the staircase approximations
that result when arbitrary boundary geometries are approximated on the fixed grid. Of particular concern in room acoustics is the staircasing of absorptive boundaries, as this has been shown to cause errors as large as 40% in computed reverberation times that do not reduce when the grid is
refined. This paper analyses the effectiveness of a previously proposed compensation method that consists of modifying the admittance boundary conditions based on the staircased surface area. A theoretical analysis shows that for special boundary orientations the numerical reflection coefficient
converges to the exact result at low frequencies. Numerical tests complement this analysis to show that the compensation yields accurate results at intermediate orientations as well. A spherical resonator case further demonstrates that a close match between numerically and analytically computed
relaxation times is also obtained for curved boundaries.
Dynamic localization of unwanted events with machine learning-based method
Authors: IANNACE Gino , FREDIANELII Luca , ARTUSO Francesco , POMPEI Geremia , FIDECARO Francesco , LICITRA Gaetano , D'ALESSANDRO Francesco
Published: October 2024

In environmental acoustics measurements it is necessary to separate the contribution of the investigated source from the residual noise, by means of ambient noise measurements. Source separation is a complex task, especially for wind turbine noise, where long-term measurement campaigns
are required. Although data analysis procedures that provide for this task are already in use, all of them require a preliminary step for anomalous events removal, i.e. events which are not characteristic of standard residual noise. This step can be complex and very time-expensive depending
on the duration of the measurements and the measurement site. Depending on the specific site and source under evaluation, the variety of sounds that can be considered as unwanted for compliance with environmental acoustic regulations is heterogeneous, ranging from road vehicles, trains and
planes to human and animal sounds and more. Nowadays, it is possible to extrapolate from an audio source the features that describe its semantics using machine learning. The approach presented in this paper aims to localize in time a specific event within a measurement containing several acoustic
events, in order to label it and then proceed to remove the spurious events from the measurement.
Acoustic measurement around the pinna in the VHF region using a dummy head
Authors: HARUSAWA Koki , MANAKA Oishi , MASAAKI Hiroe , MARI Ueda
Published: October 2024

We investigated the azimuth and vertical angle characteristics of head related transfer function (HRTF) at very high frequency region using head and torso simulator (HATS). The VHF sounds contain potential hazards for young people who can hear such sounds. Therefore, the relationship
between hearing thresholds in very-high frequency (VHF) region and intensity of VHF sounds are very important for considering human impact. The former means sound pressure level (SPL) at eardrum, and the latter is SPL at center of two ears without a head. The difference between two SPLs means
head-related transform function (HRTF). In this paper, we reported the HRTFs measured in VHF region for the azimuth and vertical angles by using a HATS. The complicated contour maps of HRTFs for angle and frequency show that the SPLs at eardrum in VHF region depend on among material, size
and figure of a pinna.
New guidelines for ISO 9053 based on CFD simulations of the static airflow resistivity of a perforated solid
Authors: BENCHIKH LE HOCINE ALLA EDDINE , LOPEZ Maël , TENON Charly Kone , PANNETON Raymond , DUPONT Thomas , VERDIèRE Kévin
Published: October 2024

The acoustic absorption coefficient of the acoustic absorbers is directly impacted by the airflow resistivity. The ISO 9053 explains the measurement procedure and specify the size and mounting of specimens, and the flow velocities. The main constraint of the standard is to maintain
a stable linear flow so that the resistance is independent of the velocity. Additionally, it suggests a straight cylindrical pores specimen whose airflow resistivity value can be calculated theoretically. Any other specifications about the calibration specimen design are given. As the flow
dynamics inside the perforated low porosity solid behave nonlinearly, it is important to integrate further guidelines in the design of the calibration specimens and measurements. This work presents CFD calculations results using OpenFoam, on the flow resistivity of a cylindrical solid containing
a single perforation. The airflow velocity was determined based on the Reynolds number at the pore, which was varied between 0.33 to 2000. Different calibration specimens were tested by varying the length and the perforation diameter. An excellent agreement was observed between CFD and experimental
data with an error of 5 %. The results show that the second-order extrapolation of specific resistance should be limited to Reynolds numbers equal to 500.
Simplified method to create vehicle sound model for road traffic noise simulation-By using sound limit value of noise regulation
Authors: SHIRAHASHI YOSHIHIRO , KURIHARA Kai , YAMAZAKI Toru
Published: October 2024

Road traffic noise prediction model is used to evaluate and analyze current situation and predict future prospect for road traffic noise. The current models such as CNOSSOS-EU and ASJ-RTN (Acoustical Society of Japan-Road traffic noise prediction model) define the fixed vehicle sound
power level formulas. There are vehicle sound formulas for limited vehicle categories, but they are not enough to analyze influence of emitted sound from the vehicles in detail. Looking at an actual road, there are several vehicle categories and old vehicles which mean different regulation
stages (e.g. sound limit). Since it is not easy to update the vehicle sound formulas with current methodology such as ISO11819-1 (Measurement of the influence of road surfaces on traffic noise -Part1 Statistical Pass-by method), we have proposed the method for creating vehicle sound formulas
with less measurements in proving ground. Furthermore, when test vehicles are difficult to obtain as in the case of vehicles that comply with older regulations, we would like to propose an approximated method for practical use from sound limit in vehicle regulation and database in this paper.
And the proposed method is validated comparing with the precise model.
Evaluating attentional responses to electric vehicle driving noise through event-related potentials: a frequency bands analysis
Authors: MURAKAMI Hirona , KAMEYAMA Yuki , ISHIMITSU SHUSUKE , YASUTO FUJII , KANATANI TOMOKO
Published: October 2024

The advent of electric vehicles (EVs), known for their quieter operation compared to Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles, has shifted auditory attention towards wind and road noise. This shift is further accentuated by the anticipated future dominance of autonomous vehicles, which
is expected to reduce the cognitive demands of driving, potentially heightening sensitivity to external noise and leading to increased annoyance and discomfort. This research investigates the impact of driving noise on selective attention by identifying sounds that significantly disrupt adaptation
to driving noise through the analysis of event-related potentials (ERPs). Unlike previous studies that concentrated on the peak high-frequency driving noise fluctuations around 1000 Hz, our study explores a broader spectrum of higher frequencies. By recording brain responses to driving-related
auditory stimuli, we detected variations in ERPs across different frequency bands, thereby pinpointing the acoustic characteristics most disruptive to concentration. Our findings aim to contribute towards enhancing driver focus and improving the acoustic comfort inside vehicle cabins.
A case study on the exposure-response relationship of sleep disturbance due to road traffic noise - As a case in Japan in the 2020s
Authors: MORINAGA Makoto , YOKOSHIMA Shigenori , TSUJIMURA Sohei , SUDA Naoki , UMEZAKI Yoshiki , YAMAZAKI Toru
Published: October 2024

A socio-acoustic survey was conducted among residents living along major arterial roads in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, to examine the occurrence of sleep disturbances due to road traffic noise. Lnight noise maps was introduced for estimating ranges from 30 dB to 80 dB. We asked the
frequency of "difficulty falling asleep," "nocturnal awakenings," "early morning awakenings", "feeling unrefreshed in the morning",and "daytime sleepiness" due to road traffic noise. Cases experiencing any of these items more than three times
a week were defined as "highly sleep disturbed (HSD)", and that one or twice a week were defined as "sleep disturbed (SD)", respectively. The exposure response relationships between those and Lnight were examined with the independent variables of noise sensitivity, gender,
and age. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that Lnight, and noise sensitivity had a significant effect on SD, while noise sensitivity significantly affected HSD. We show the results of this study in comparison with previous surveys on sleep disturbances conducted
in Japan and other regions.
Exploring realistic vehicle acceleration sounds through discomfort index analysis
Authors: ISHIMITSU Shunsuke , MISAKI Nitta , FUJIKAWA Satoshi , IWATA Kiyoaki , NIIMI Mayuko , KIKUCHI Masakazu , MATSUMOTO Mitsunori
Published: October 2024

Contemporary Japanese society's heavy reliance on automobiles is shifting from transportation to leisure, amidst rising environmental concerns over emissions. This has led to a pivot towards eco-friendly options, notably clean diesel vehicles (DVs) and electric vehicles (EVs), due to
Europe's stringent regulations. DVs aim to lower harmful emissions, while EVs are favored for their minimal emissions and silent operation. However, EVs' lack of audible acceleration noise poses safety risks, as drivers may struggle to perceive speed changes. The study investigated how deviations
in expected engine sounds impact perceived sound quality and vehicle performance assessment, focusing on DV and EV acceleration sounds. It explored the integration of certain sensations (rumbling, booming, humming) into EV sounds to enhance realism, assessing comfort levels among drivers with
varying experience.
Modelling of passengers behaviour under the influence of noise in public transport buses: a structural equation approach
Authors: MISHRA Anirudh , TANDEL Bhaven
Published: October 2024

This study aims to investigate the impact of noise pollution levels on passengers during travel. Specifically, the aim was to explore the interconnections between noise-induced annoyance, sensitivity to noise, sleep disturbances, and physical health problems using a structural equation
modelling (SEM) approach. 14 routes were selected for detailed analysis across different time periods. The noise levels were observed, and the impact of these levels on passengers was assessed through a questionnaire survey to know their perception towards noise and its impacts. A total of
252 responses from passengers were collected through the personal interview. Findings reveal that noise pollution levels exceeded 70 dBA on most of the routes. A significance test (t-test) conducted on 15-minute frequency intervals showed no significant difference in noise pollution levels
during morning, evening, and afternoon periods. Subjective analysis indicates 31% of passenger were found to be highly annoyed due to noise within public buses. Additionally, 32% and 9% of passengers reported moderate and minimal annoyance, respectively, attributed to traffic and engine noise
inside buses. Structural equation approach showed that sensitivity to noise affects the annoyance level most with coefficient 0.76, followed by physical health factors and sleep disturbance with coefficient 0.48 and 0.44 respectively.
Ambient noise criteria framework for future environmental noise mitigation targets in Singapore
Authors: ESMEBASI Merve , LAU Siu-Kit
Published: October 2024

This study aims to establish a framework for outlining future noise mitigation strategies tailored to the unique context of Singapore and evaluates potential precautions. Singapore, as a city-state, is known as a 'city in a garden,' situated in the typically tropical climate. By incorporating
a comparative analysis of noise criteria from local guidelines across countries from Europe, America, and Asia, the study aims to place Singapore's acoustic limits within an international context. This comparison, enhanced with the World Health Organization's health and well-being standards,
seeks to establish a comprehensive framework for acoustical design assessment in residential, office, and educational buildings targeting resting and cognitive functions. In conclusion, starting from a global perspective, the study points to the importance of focusing on the local context
and acknowledging the challenges and benefits that the context brings for acoustical comfort. The study discusses the importance of context and content in crafting acoustical design criteria, considering the impact of biophilic design and active noise cancellation windows to achieve adaptive
acoustic comfort in Singapore's built environment.
The effect of speech and non-speech noise on comprehension of storybook reading for elementary school children
Authors: HODOSHIMA Nao
Published: October 2024

Children are generally more affected by surrounding noise than are adults, and are more disturbed by speech than by non-speech noise. Storybook reading, which is one of the main activities in school curricula, is known to improve children's language skills, social abilities, and behavior.
However, classrooms are generally noisy environments, and the effectiveness of storybook reading in noise is unclear. This study aimed to investigate how noise affects storybook reading comprehension among elementary schoolchildren. A practiced speaker read picture books to 11 elementary school
schoolchildren (age range, 6-9 years) under three listening conditions: quiet, speech noise (babble noise), and non-speech noise (noise recorded in a boiler room). A comprehension test (e.g., story flow, character behaviors, keywords) was conducted after each book was read. No significant
difference in story comprehension scores was found among the listening conditions, likely because the visual information helped the children understand the stories even in noise. However, the story comprehension score under the speech noise condition was significantly higher for children who
frequently played outside as compared with inside. These results suggest that children's comprehension of storybook reading in noise is affected by not only surrounding noise, but also the play area.
Handling of porous road surfaces in traffic noise calculations with Nord2000
Authors: GUSTAFSON Andreas , GENELL Anders
Published: October 2024

Using porous road surfaces can be an alternative to more traditional noise reduction measures. Two factors contribute to the fact that road noise can get lower than with a conventional dense road surface: the rolling noise emission decreases, and the sound-absorbing road surface can
further reduce the level. In a traffic noise calculation with Nord2000, the influence of the road surface on the sound emission is specified using road surface corrections while the acoustic surface impedance of the road surface determines the ground attenuation. However, due to measurement
technical reasons, porous road surface corrections will include some (undesirable) ground attenuation, leading to that the rolling noise emission might be underestimated. Another problem is that the impedance model in Nord2000 (Delany & Bazley) does not give correct results for porous
road surfaces. These complications have been investigated with Nord2000 calculations using a program code extended to also include an impedance model capable of handling porous road surfaces (Hamet et al). The results have been used to formulate official Swedish recommendations on how porous
road surfaces can be handled in traffic noise investigations with Nord2000.
Comparing Kurtosis-adjusted weighted levels with other metrics to assess the risk of hearing loss from non-Gaussian noise exposures
Authors: ARENAS Jorge , VALDERRAMA Chiara , CARDENAS Jorge
Published: October 2024

Several studies have shown that impulsive noise can cause more damage to hearing than steady-state noise of equal energy. As a result, a large body of research has been devoted to evaluating the hazards of impulsive noise. However, work environments often have varying noise patterns,
including Gaussian background noise combined with high-level transient noises contributing to the worker's daily dose. Thus, an energy-based noise metric underestimates the risk of hearing loss unless incorporating a temporal structure correction term. Kurtosis has been reported as an effective
adjunct to energy for predicting hearing hazards from non-Gaussian noise exposures. In this work, recordings of real impulsive noise were conducted using a portable measuring system at a very high sampling frequency and using high-pressure microphones. Controlled synthetic non-Gaussian noise
was generated using these impulsive signals and steady-state background noise. After exploring the detailed temporal structure of the noise, the daily exposure time has been determined using different metrics, including kurtosis-adjusted weighted levels, weighted peak levels, and auditory
risk units. The examples presented here aim to demonstrate how kurtosis can help develop more accurate methods to prevent noise-induced hearing loss.
Recent investigation on VHF sound exposure sources around us
Authors: HIROE Masaaki , HARUSAWA Koki , UEDA Mari
Published: October 2024

We have reported recent investigation of sound exposure sources in very-high frequency (VHF) region as the activities for research project of VHF sounds in Japan. Recently, the devices which utilize or generate VHF sounds as like rodent repelling devices, ultrasonic cleaning machines,
IH cookers and corner sensors of automobile continue to increase in public space or our living environment. The VHF sounds in high level have physical or/and psychological effects for young people who can hear such sounds. So, in environment around us, we identified VHF sound sources using
acoustic camera and measured the sound pressure level for such sources. In this paper, we introduce newly-discovered several VHF sounds: for example, ultrasounds from corner sensors of automobile car, VHF sounds from photovoltaic installation and VHF sounds of interior train, and so on. From
both the results measured by acoustic camera and microphones show source positions and frequency characteristics of VHF sounds. However these play important role in our life environment, we need to note that these contain potential hazard for young people who can hear such VHF sounds.
Nationwide noise mapping across Sweden's green landscape
Authors: ÖGREN Mikael , LINDQVIST Magnus , FRIMAN Manne , PERSSON Sara , GUSTAFSON Andreas , ERIK Rosengren
Published: October 2024

This research project presents a mapping of noise levels in green areas across all of Sweden, with a particular emphasis on nature reserves, national parks, and other recreational spaces. Utilising the Nord2000 noise prediction method, our study incorporates the following noise sources:
road traffic, railway traffic, wind turbines, and airports. Our analysis includes longer propagation distances than typical noise maps (up to 8 km) to account for distant sources, given the importance of low noise levels in pristine natural environments. Weather conditions play a crucial role
in long-range sound propagation; therefore, we have integrated ten years of weather statistics (2013-2022) from the ERA5 climate dataset into our assessment. This mapping effort represents one of the first nationwide noise mapping initiatives with a specific focus on low-exposure natural areas.
Our findings not only provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in managing and preserving the acoustic quality of Sweden's green spaces but also offer a foundation for analysing the potential impact of noise pollution on wildlife and biodiversity within these ecologically
sensitive areas. The resulting noise map and relevant weather statistics are publicly released and downloadable. Participants from industry, government, and academia cooperated in this environmental monitoring project.
Sound insulation of access floors on CLT
Authors: MORANDI Federica , GUIGOU CARTER Catherine , CANIATO Marco , GASPARELLA Andrea
Published: October 2024

The acoustic performance of access floors resting on concrete slabs has been long investigated. When such flooring solutions are used on lightweight construction systems, estimates of impact sound insulation improvements cannot be transferred without relevant loss of accuracy. To gain
understanding on such behaviour, an experimental campaign has been carried out at the Building Envelope Lab of the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano on 16 access floors mounted on a 200 mm CLT slab. Three different panels (calcium silicate, encapsulated calcium silicate and encapsulated chipboard
panels), two different pedestals (standard and resilient), and three flooring solutions (bare, carpet tiles, acoustic carpet tiles) were studied. Impact sound insulation measurements were carried out using both the tapping machine and the rubber ball as source. The results discuss in detail
the outcomes of the measurement campaign as well as the relation between the two impact sources chosen.