bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review on gas permeability of polymer matrix composites for cryogenic applications
Authors: Saha Shuvam , Sullivan Rani W.
Published: January 2024

Fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites are increasingly considered for lightweight cryogenic pressure vessels due to their excellent combination of tailorability, specific mechanical properties, and relatively low coefficients of thermal expansion. However, significant challenges must be overcome to fully utilize PMCs for cryogenic fuel tanks in terms of transverse microcracking and subsequent permeation of cryogenic fuel. Gas permeation and microcrack densities of cryogenically cycled composites are highly influenced by their layup, ply thickness, load case, and manufacturing defects like voids and resin rich zones. There has been a significant amount of research on measuring gas permeation of composites fatigued under pure thermal or uniaxial thermo-mechanical stresses. However, results demonstrate that the gas permeability should be measured under biaxial thermo-mechanical stresses to properly gauge the leakage characteristics of damaged composites. This paper summarizes the results from over a hundred papers on the key parameters that influence the gas permeability of composites, appropriate testing methods to cycle composites for permeability measurement, methods to limit the evolution of transverse microcracks, and materials traditionally used for the fabrication of all-composite cryogenic fuel tanks. Thin plies and nanofiller-toughening of the matrix have been shown to provide significant improvements in transverse microcrack suppression within cryogenically cycled composites.
“Pills Don’t Teach Skills”: ADHD Coaching, Identity Work, and the Push toward the Liminal Medicalization of ADHD
Authors: Bergey Meredith
Published: January 2024

Despite physicians’ near monopoly over medicalization historically, various stakeholder groups shape an increasingly complex process today. This study examines a relatively new initiative, “health coaching,” within the context of the changing nature of medicalization. Utilizing 51 in-depth interviews with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) coaches, participant observation from seven ADHD symposia, and ADHD coach publications, I examine coaching’s emergence as a partial challenge to medicalization. Findings reveal a field comprised mainly of individuals personally affected by ADHD whose dissatisfaction with institutionalized framings and practices underpins a push for liminal medicalization. Members move between medical and nonmedical discourses to frame ADHD as a paradox of pathology and gift. Additionally, they leverage and commodify personal experience alongside institutional and alternative knowledge into an adjunct or substitute to medication and potential challenge to therapy—one aimed at “self-actualization” versus “treatment.” Such efforts highlight (de)medicalization’s dimensionality, simultaneous medicalization and demedicalization, and a lay-driven enterprise’s role in such processes.
Transitory or Chronic? Gendered Loneliness Trajectories over Widowhood and Separation in Older Age
Authors: Kapelle Nicole , Monden Christiaan
Published: January 2024

We investigate how loneliness develops over the marital dissolution process in older age (i.e., transition at or after age 50) while paying close attention to heterogeneities by the dissolution pathway—widowhood and separation—and gender. Using data from over 8,000 Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey respondents, we assess the association of interest using fixed effects regressions. Findings indicate that loneliness increased in the year before widowhood or separation among both women and men. Levels spiked in the year of dissolution, particularly for widowhood but less for separation. Widowed men were substantially more affected than widowed women, and gender differences were negligible for separation. Although loneliness levels gradually declined, widowed men remained vulnerable for remarkably long periods. Such chronic loneliness might be linked to other health disadvantages. These findings highlight the importance of long-term and gender-specific approaches to social support and integration after marital dissolution.
Politicization of holistic spirituality, mistrust of science and public space in Argentina post COVID-19
Authors: VIOTTI Nicolas
Published: January 2024

As many analysts of contemporary spirituality have pointed out, the renewed public presence of alternative non-denominational spirituality, generally identified with those who define it as ‘spiritual, but not religious’, is a process that forces us to rethink the more classical relationships between religion, public sphere, and politics. In this article, the author discusses in detail the relationships between holistic lifestyles and spiritualities in relation to public distrust of COVID-19 in Argentina. The strong presence of discourses and practices related to therapeutic holism in the trajectories and arguments of distrust of official expert politics will lead to establish a relatively unanalyzed and quite unexpected relationship in studies on the politicization of contemporary spirituality.
‘Double whammy’: An Unusual Co-occurrence of Idiosyncratic phenytoin–induced agranulocytosis and acute liver failure in a child
Authors: Agarwal Neha
Published: January 2024

Idiosyncratic adverse events to phenytoin therapy, such as agranulocytosis and acute liver failure, though rare, may be life-threatening. Simultaneous occurrence of both adverse events is exceedingly rare; only two cases have been reported in the literature to date. We describe such a case in a 15-year-old girl. Prompt haematological and hepatic recovery occurred after discontinuation of the drug. Given the widespread use of phenytoin in seizure disorders, clinicians prescribing this drug should be aware of its potential complications. Early recognition can considerably improve outcomes.
Commentary on the Standard Model of Military Group Cohesion
Authors: Siebold Guy L.
Published: January 2024

In response to King’s article on cohesion, this author submitted a critique, “The Essence of Military Group Cohesion” (2007), based on 20 years of research. The critique noted that King had set up several strawmen and presented a narrow focus. Furthermore, the critique introduced the Standard Model of Military Group Cohesion as a more widely useful approach. The Model was further articulated in “Key Questions and Challenges to the Standard Model of Military Group Cohesion” (2011) and “The Misconceived Construct of Task Cohesion” (2015). This current article describes major conceptual and measurement efforts leading up to the development of the Model, critiques and expansions of the Model, and needed future research to refine the Model as well as combine cohesion with other key variables such as motivation, combatant capacity, and leadership to more fully explain variation in key military outcome variables such as unit performance and retention.
Giving oranges and puppies: Children’s production of directional verbs in an emerging sign language from Oaxaca
Authors: Hou Lynn
Published: January 2024

Children’s acquisition of directional verbs in sign languages has received a lot of attention, but less is known about the sociocultural process of using these verbs, especially in the context of emerging sign languages in diverse language ecologies. Directional verbs are a common grammatical phenomenon of many sign languages in which some verbs such as ‘to give’ and ‘to take’ can move in the direction of one or more of its arguments for indicating grammatical relations between agents and patients or recipients. I discuss the case study of one signing family who uses ‘making hands’, an emic term for the signing practices of deaf Chatino people and their families in the San Juan Quiahije municipality in Oaxaca, Mexico. The family in question consists of a first-generation adult signer and two second-generation child signers, aged 4;6 and 5;3. This article describes their usage of directional verbs for making explicit requests, asking questions, and talking about hypothetical events, including presenting or withholding gifts as part of the cultural understandings and practices of the allocations of goods. Ethnographic data reveals that the children’s production of verbs may be facilitated by directed input in the form of directives from a deaf adult signer, extensive peer play, and visual access to signed adult interactions. This case study offers insight about input and socialization for the children’s usage of directional verbs in an emerging sign language in a local Mesoamerican ecology.
Anatomical Variations of the Ascending Pharyngeal Artery: Implications for Endoscopic Surgery in the Parapharyngeal Space
Authors: Li Lifeng , Li Pingdong , London Nyall R. , Xu Hongbo , Chen Xiaohong , Carrau Ricardo L.
Published: January 2024

Objectives: The ascending pharyngeal artery (APA) travels with the parapharyngeal internal carotid artery (pICA) in the parapharyngeal space (PPS). This study aimed to investigate the anatomical variations of the APA, and to explore their implications for endoscopic surgery in the PPS. Methods: Dissection of the APA in the PPS was performed on 10 cadaveric specimens (20 sides). The relationship between APA and PPS tumors was retrospectively reviewed in 20 patients, attempting to ascertain the APA during the resection of 10 pre-styloid and 10 retro-styloid PPS tumors. Results: During the cadaveric dissections, the APA was identified at the medial, posteromedial, or bilateral aspects of the pICA in 12 (60%) and 4 (20%) sides, respectively. In the remaining 4 sides (20%), the APA branched into several subcategory arteries lying at the medial and lateral aspects of the pICA. Branches of the APA were observed in 13/20 sides (65%). Two branches were found in 9/13 sides and 3 branches in 4/13, respectively. The APA was only identifiable in 1/10 (10%) of pre-styloid tumors, a patient with basal cell adenoma. In contrast, the APA was encountered surrounding the pICA in 8/10 (80%) of patients with retro-styloid tumors, all of which were schwannomas. No inadvertent injury of the APA or the pICA occurred in this cohort. Conclusions: With identification of the ascending pharyngeal artery on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, it may serve as an additional landmark during the endoscopic extirpation of tumors arising in the PPS.
The Bright Side of Risk-Taking: Evidence From Financial Analysts
Authors: Jiang Jinglin , Liu Bo
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the relationship between analysts’ facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) and their selected forecast boldness under different conditions (e.g., tournament condition and skill levels). The aim is to determine if fWHR captures innate or calculated risk-taking preferences. Supplementary tests reveal that high-fWHR analysts issuing bold forecasts achieve more favorable outcomes in terms of job promotion and forecast accuracy compared with their low-fWHR peers, providing supporting evidence that fWHR is associated with calculated risk-taking. In addition, tests conducted on stock price non-synchronicity and market reaction to bold forecasts for high- versus low-fWHR analysts suggest that high-fWHR analysts possess more firm-specific private information.

JEL Codes: M20, M40, M41, G24
Literature and the legacy of Empire: Approaching Turkey’s post-imperial condition through Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar
Authors: Chovanec Johanna
Published: January 2024

How does literature engage with the legacies of Empire? This article examines how imperial decline and nation building are reflected in textual production after the First World War. With Turkey as a case study, it focuses on the post-imperial narrative as a form of narration dealing with the experience of imperial loss, political contingency and possibilities of national belonging. I argue that Turkey’s post-imperial condition is shaped by coming to terms with the loss of the Ottoman Empire, on the one hand, and a nationalising present embedded in the experience of Western-dominated modernity, on the other. Against this backdrop, I examine essays from the compilations Yaşadığım Gibi (1970, ‘As I lived’) and Beş Şehir (1946, ‘Five Cities’) by Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar, a key intellectual of the early republican era. The analysis of these post-imperial narratives reveals how Tanpınar tries to root Turkey’s national modernity in selected elements of the imperial past. For Tanpınar, continuity with (Turkified) imperial heritage is a prerequisite for a strong nation-state.
Toward a universalistic theory of political obligation: A post-structuralist approach
Authors: Tskhadaia Giorgi
Published: January 2024

Developing a plausible theory of political obligation is crucial for understanding our current political lives or constructing new ones. However, it proved to be hard to arrive at a theory that is universalistic and logically consistent. Without adherence to certain universalistic principles, such as freedom and equality, one might be tempted to justify individuals’ allegiance to authoritarian regimes based on particularistic reasons. Also, one may argue that if a general theory of political obligation cannot be devised, we are justified to resort to anarchism. Despite such high political stakes involved, a contention arose that universalistic approaches to political obligation are logically inconsistent because they run afoul of a particularity requirement. The latter is a demand that any plausible theory of individuals’ obligations toward a political entity should account for the reasons why they should obey the rules and orders of a specific authority. In this article, drawing on Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe’s post-structuralist theory, I demonstrate that the dichotomy of universalism vs. particularism need not have destructive effects for a successful theory of political obligation. Indeed, it is possible to accept a particularity requirement but at the same time, argue that political obligations have a universalistic thrust.
Designing music education curriculum in a multicultural environment: Vocal training in China
Authors: Xie Yunlei
Published: January 2024

The study aims to evaluate the potential of vocal teachers to overcome the challenge of designing and implementing curriculum in a multicultural classroom through a study of their intercultural competence. The study investigates whether vocal teachers have the knowledge, skills, and awareness of intercultural differences to perform effective teaching and curriculum development in a multicultural environment. The research rests on the practice of music education at Chinese universities and colleges with an art direction or a music and vocal department. The sample consisted of 88 participants working as vocal teachers of a permanent classroom in educational institutions with a multinational composition of students. The participants included 38 females (42.4%) and 51 males (57.3%). The study employed and adapted a survey assessing the intercultural competence of the sample participants. In responses to the thesis that it is important to consider different cultures when studying vocals, 98.9% of respondents expressed absolute agreement. At the same time, 86.4% of vocal educators agreed that they understood how their cultural experience influenced decision-making in shaping curriculum and teaching. Researchers can apply the findings to compare the assessment of factors affecting multicultural music education in educational institutions around the world.
Association of Mediterranean diet with sleep quality, depression, anxiety, stress, and body mass index in university students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ünal Gökçe , Özenoğlu Aliye
Published: January 2024

Background: The Mediterranean diet (MD) has many beneficial effects on health. However, compliance with MD is decreasing among university students. Aim: This study aims to investigate compliance with the MD and the association of MD with sleep quality, depression, anxiety, stress, and body mass index (BMI) among university students. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 750 students of Ondokuz Mayıs University, a state university in Samsun, Türkiye. Sociodemographic data and self-reported anthropometric data (weight and height) were recorded using a survey. The Mediterranean diet quality index for children and adolescents (KIDMED), the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and the depression anxiety stress scale-42 (DASS-42) were self-administered. Results: Most students (59.2%) had poor KIDMED adherence. Compared to poor adherers, those with good adherence to the KIDMED had significantly lower depression scores (in males and females). Higher adherence to the KIDMED was correlated with lower depression and stress levels (in males and females) and lower PSQI scores (lower sleep disturbances) in females. The KIDMED scores of overweight females were greater than those of underweight females. Conclusion: University students show poor adherence to the MD. Low adherence to the MD may have a negative impact on depression, stress, and sleep quality. This study suggests that interventions to promote MD may help improve university students’ sleep disturbances and mental health.
Affect and adaptation in entrepreneurial goal pursuit
Authors: Zettel Lauren A , Garrett Robert P , Maertz Carl P
Published: January 2024

An entrepreneur’s motivation to set and strive towards their business goals is an integral part of the venturing process. Research has indicated that positive affect enhances motivation, specifically in terms of the level of effort devoted to achieving a goal. However, motivation is also reflected in the strategy or tactics used to attain goals. Interestingly, scholars know substantially less about this aspect of motivation, even though it may be equally important. In this article, we examine how affect shapes an entrepreneur’s propensity to change their strategy when encountering a challenge in the venturing process. Our longitudinal study of 166 tech entrepreneurs reveals that both positive and negative affect have a significant role to play in motivational processes, particularly during challenging times. The study has practical implications for how entrepreneurs manage their feelings when facing challenges and theoretical implications for how scholars apply affective theories in entrepreneurship.
Formal description of the initial propagation of martensite and the martensitic spread
Authors: Guimarães José Roberto C. , Rios Paulo R. , Alves André Luiz M.
Published: January 2024

This article analyses the spread of martensite nucleation in small particles and polycrystalline materials, considering the influence of thermal agitation on the diffusionless aspect of martensitic transformation. Henceforth, we propose a formal description of the initiation of the martensitic transformation supported by experimental data, which emphasises the conditioning of the austenite for martensite transformation and applies to martensitic transformation in general
Amphetamine use disorder is associated with striatum hypoactivation during anticipation of loss and reward
Authors: May April C , Burrows Kaiping , Kuplicki Rayus , Paulus Martin P , Stewart Jennifer L
Published: January 2024

Background:

Dysregulated ventral striatum function has been proposed as one important process occurring in individuals with substance use disorder. This study investigates the role of altered reward and loss anticipation, which is an important component of impaired decision-making, impulsivity, and vulnerability to relapse in individuals with amphetamine use disorder (AMP).

Aims:

To determine whether AMP is associated with blunted striatum, prefrontal cortex, and insula signals during win and loss anticipation.

Methods:

Participants with and without AMP (AMP+ n = 46, AMP− n = 90) from the Tulsa 1000 study completed a monetary incentive delay (MID) task during functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Results:

Group main effects indicated that: (1) AMP+ exhibited lower bilateral caudate/putamen and left nucleus accumbens signal than AMP− across anticipation of wins and losses; and (2) AMP+ showed slower reaction times than AMP− during loss anticipation. Group*condition interactions demonstrated that AMP+ exhibited greater right amygdala signal than AMP− while anticipating large wins, a pattern that reversed when anticipating small losses. Left caudate/putamen attenuations in AMP+ during small loss anticipation were also evident. Groups did not differ in prefrontal or insula signals.

Conclusions:

AMP+ individuals have altered neural processing and response patterns during reward and loss anticipation, potentially reflecting impairments in dopamine function, which may influence their decision-making and reactions to different win/loss scenarios. These findings help to explain why AMP+ have difficulty with decision-making and exhibit a heightened focus on immediate rewards or punishments.
MDMA enhances positive affective responses to social feedback
Authors: Bershad Anya K , Hsu David T , de Wit Harriet
Published: January 2024

Background:

The prosocial compound ± 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is an amphetamine derivative that has shown promise as an adjunct to psychotherapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. MDMA increases positive responses to social images, and it has been suggested that the ability of MDMA to positively bias social perception may underlie its therapeutic efficacy as a psychotherapy adjunct. However, the effect of the compound on affective responses to positive or negative social feedback has not been tested.

Aims:

In this study, we aimed to test the effects of MDMA compared to placebo and the prototypical stimulant, methamphetamine (MA), on responses to positive and negative social feedback.

Methods:

This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial (NCT03790618), comparing the effects of two doses of MDMA (0.75 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg) to both placebo and MA (20 mg) on responses to a personalized social feedback task, similar to a dating app, in healthy adult volunteers ages 18–40 ( N = 36, 18 women, 18 men).

Results/Outcomes:

The high dose of MDMA increased positive affective responses to social feedback.

Conclusions/Interpretations:

These findings suggest one process by which MDMA may facilitate social connection. Further work is needed to understand how MDMA affects responses to more generalized types of social feedback and to understand these effects in clinical populations.
Higher orexin-A levels are associated with treatment response to clozapine in patients with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Po-Yu , Chiu Chih-Chiang , Chang Chin-Kuo , Lu Mong-Liang , Huang Cho-Yin , Chen Chun-Hsin , Huang Ming-Chyi
Published: January 2024

Background:

Clozapine is the primary antipsychotic (APD) for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). However, only 40% of patients with TRS respond to clozapine, constituting a subgroup of clozapine-resistant patients. Recently, the neuropeptide orexin-A was shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This study evaluated the association of orexin-A levels with the clozapine response in patients with TRS.

Methods:

We recruited 199 patients with schizophrenia, including 37 APD-free and 162 clozapine-treated patients. Clozapine-treated patients were divided into clozapine-responsive ( n = 100) and clozapine-resistant ( n = 62) groups based on whether they had achieved psychotic remission defined by the 18-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS-18). We compared blood orexin-A levels among the three groups and performed regression analysis to determine the association of orexin-A level with treatment response in clozapine-treated patients. We also explored the correlation between orexin-A levels and cognitive function, assessed using the CogState Schizophrenia Battery.

Results:

Clozapine-responsive patients had higher orexin-A levels than clozapine-resistant and APD-free patients. Orexin-A level was the only factor significantly associated with treatment response after adjustment. Orexin-A levels were negatively correlated with BPRS-18 full scale and positive, negative, and general symptoms subscale scores. We also observed a positive correlation between orexin-A levels and verbal memory, visual learning and memory, and working memory function.

Conclusions:

This cross-sectional study showed that higher levels of orexin-A are associated with treatment response to clozapine in patients with TRS. Future prospective studies examining changes in orexin-A level following clozapine treatment and the potential benefit of augmenting orexin-A signaling are warranted.
School Connectedness and Academic Self-Efficacy During Pandemic Learning: A Mixed-Methods Study of Middle School Students’ Science Experiences
Authors: Daley Samantha G. , Heckman Michelle E. , Rosen Rebecca L. , Sari Halil I.
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in dramatic changes to the experiences of school for young people around the world as youth and adults navigated changes to instructional format and means of engaging in teaching and learning. School connectedness during the pandemic served a potentially protective role for adolescents during this uncertain time. In this study, we investigate students’ ( n = 64) experiences of connectedness with their teachers and peers and examine how students’ perceptions of belonging relate to their science self-efficacy. We draw on mixed-methods with students at two middle schools using dramatically different instructional approaches. These multiple data sources provide insight into the importance of building and sustaining relationships and connectedness for students’ self-efficacy, specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Connectedness to one’s science teacher was the strongest predictor of science self-efficacy, and qualitative data describe how connectedness was fostered even when typical approaches were unavailable.
MARS-LVIG dataset: A multi-sensor aerial robots SLAM dataset for LiDAR-visual-inertial-GNSS fusion
Authors: Li Haotian , Zou Yuying , Chen Nan , Lin Jiarong , Liu Xiyuan , Xu Wei , Zheng Chunran , Li Rundong , He Dongjiao , Kong Fanze , Cai Yixi , Liu Zheng , Zhou Shunbo , Xue Kaiwen , Zhang Fu
Published: January 2024

In recent years, advancements in Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology have made 3D LiDAR sensors more compact, lightweight, and affordable. This progress has spurred interest in integrating LiDAR with sensors such as Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) and cameras for Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) research. Public datasets covering different scenarios, platforms, and viewpoints are crucial for multi-sensor fusion SLAM studies, yet most focus on handheld or vehicle-mounted devices with front or 360-degree views. Data from aerial vehicles with downward-looking views is scarce, existing relevant datasets usually feature low altitudes and are mostly limited to small campus environments. To fill this gap, we introduce the Multi-sensor Aerial Robots SLAM dataset (MARS-LVIG dataset), providing unique aerial downward-looking LiDAR-Visual-Inertial-GNSS data with viewpoints from altitudes between 80 m and 130 m. The dataset not only offers new aspects to test and evaluate existing SLAM algorithms, but also brings new challenges which can facilitate researches and developments of more advanced SLAM algorithms. The MARS-LVIG dataset contains 21 sequences, acquired across diversified large-area environments including an aero-model airfield, an island, a rural town, and a valley. Within these sequences, the UAV has speeds varying from 3 m/s to 12 m/s, a scanning area reaching up to 577,000 m2, and the max path length of 7.148 km in a single flight. This dataset encapsulates data collected by a lightweight, hardware-synchronized sensor package that includes a solid-state 3D LiDAR, a global-shutter RGB camera, IMUs, and a raw message receiver of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). For algorithm evaluation, this dataset releases ground truth of both localization and mapping, which are acquired by on-board Real-time Kinematic (RTK) and DJI L1 (post-processed by its supporting software DJI Terra), respectively. The dataset can be downloaded from: https://mars.hku.hk/dataset.html .
Experimenting with care and cod: On document-practices, versions of care and fish as the new experimental animal
Authors: Druglitrø Tone , Asdal Kristin
Published: January 2024

A key ambition in care studies has been to study care in practice and as practice. By turning towards practices, care studies has rendered visible and acknowledged important work that is not captured through looking at formal procedures or official and written materials, such as policy documents and medical protocols. In this literature, document materials and the written have often been seen as unable to demonstrate and address the ‘specificities of care’ (Mol et al., 2010, p. 9). We challenge this view by showing how pragmatically-oriented approaches can be extended to the procedural and formalized aspects of care practices. We draw upon fieldwork in the life sciences—comparative immunology—investigated through experiments on Atlantic cod ( Gadus Morhua). How to care for fish is a contested domain; many uncertainties exist around how to care for fish so that legal requirements are met. We ask: How are existing legal and ethical principles and procedures put to work in cod immunology and animal research? By what document-practices and document-tools is care for cod in research negotiated and settled? How does the cod stand out as an object of care in the life sciences? Our article answers these questions by empirically teasing out how scientists navigate the terrain and arguing for the importance of bringing the document-based realities of animal research into analysis. We do this by delineating three different versions of care: procedural care, skilled care, and dispassionate care.
Bohemia at the Pacific seabed: Archiving the future of deep-sea mining with the Interoceanmetal Joint Organization
Authors: Galka Jonathan M
Published: January 2024

This article uses historical and ethnographic methods to examine the primarily East-Central European Interoceanmetal Joint Organization (IOM). I ask how and why the IOM has survived as an institution since its inception in 1987, working especially with the personal archive of Vratislav Kubišta. Kubišta was a metallurgist and former Deputy Director General at IOM who after retirement sought to develop a local deep-sea mining museum. This is a story about the work that archives do, but even more about how institutions maintain archives. I draw on recent work in the history and anthropology of time and archival practice to situate IOM’s history and Kubišta’s collection in narratives of ruin, the unbuilt, and the experience of multiple temporalities within spaces of resource speculation and anticipation. I suggest that IOM’s history highlights the contingencies of resources in the temporality of indefinite pause, their attendant data, and scientific labor and life under the shifting political, economic, and scientific circumstances of the ongoing not-yet. In broadening the history of what is once more a hotly contested potential resource, this account speaks to the claims of contemporary would-be seabed miners, who frequently frame the practice in terms of innovation, urgency, and novelty.
Uneven decommodification geographies: Exploring variation across the centre and periphery
Authors: Goodwin Geoff
Published: January 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic has revealed significant variation in the scale and form of decommodification across the capitalist world economy. To explore these uneven decommodification geographies this article develops a new conceptual framework that combines a critical Polanyian reading of decommodification with Latin American insights into centre-periphery structures and relations. The decommodification of land and labour in Britain (centre) and Ecuador (periphery) are then analysed from this conceptual perspective. The comparative analysis reveals significant variation in the scale and form of decommodification between the two countries during the pandemic. However, some important similarities are also observed, especially in relation to the (de) commodification of land. Here, the article draws on the corporate food regime literature to better understand similarities and differences between Britain and Ecuador. By revealing the uneven and shifting terrain of decommodification, this article makes a novel contribution to wider debates about the capitalist conjuncture and the intensifying crises of neoliberal capitalism.
Mobilizing space to realize the transformative potential of work integration social enterprises through a politics of scale and scope
Authors: Leslie Deborah , Rantisi Norma , Black Shannon
Published: January 2024

WISEs encompass a multitude of relations that both fall within – but also exceed – neoliberal capitalist relations. They are often spaces of mutual aid, collectivity and care, and these enterprises can – under limited circumstances – give rise to more-than-capitalist relations. In this paper, we examine the types of organizational and spatial structure that can best support the flourishing of non-capitalist relations, arguing that social enterprises that are part of a collective and networked space are more likely to realize the economies of scale and scope necessary to enhance their transformative possibilities. A case study of one non-profit organization in Toronto, Canada is used to support this argument.
Insights from Antipodean legal geography: Building an environmental legal geography scholarship
Authors: Gillespie Josephine , Robinson Daniel F , O’Donnell Tayanah
Published: January 2024

Scholarly work in the field of legal geography has grown dramatically in recent decades. While much legal geography scholarship has been influenced by a European-North American perspective, we argue that a distinctive legal geography scholarship also emanates from outside the dominant perspective. Here, we review research from Australia and New Zealand/Aotearoa and label this work as Antipodean legal geography (ALG). We suggest ALG research has made a significant contribution to global legal geography scholarship through an emphasis on environmental law and policy problem solving and through efforts to de-colonialise and expand legal geography’s remit.
Industrial application of a low-cost structural health monitoring system in large-scale airframe tests
Authors: Middleton Ceri A , Amjad Khurram , Greene Richard J , Hack Erwin , Harris Linden , Kupferschmid André , Lambert Peter R , Patterson Eann A
Published: January 2024

A small, novel, integrated SHM system has been deployed during full-scale testing of a wing fatigue test for several weeks and a fuselage pressurisation test for several months. Complementary NDE measurement techniques were combined, with inputs from visible and infrared optical sensors, as well as resistance strain gauges. Sensor units were deployed at regions of interest and integrated board computers permitted near real-time data processing. The outputs were full-field measurement datasets from digital image correlation and thermoelastic stress analysis systems. Changes in these datasets in the regions of interest were successfully quantified using orthogonal decomposition and were indicative of changes in the condition of the structure. The results from these case studies demonstrate that this system can be successfully deployed in spatially restricted areas within airframe structures to monitor crack growth. The low cost and small footprint of the system presents the opportunity for installation of arrays of similar sensors for both test and in-service data collection. Near real-time data processing would allow timely reporting to service engineers, informing maintenance or operational decisions.
A New Arthroscopic Classification for Chondrolabral Disease in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Lee Sheng-Hsun , Alarcon Perico Diego , Hevesi Mario , Sierra Rafael J.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Current classification systems for intra-articular pathology intraoperatively have been described for patients with femoroacetabular impingement rather than dysplasia.

Purpose:

To (1) describe intra-articular findings in dysplastic hips undergoing combined hip arthroscopy and periacetabular osteotomy (PAO); (2) propose a new chondrolabral classification system for dysplastic hips based on these findings; and (3) correlate patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) with the newly proposed classification.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 46 hips underwent combined hip arthroscopy and PAO at our institution between September 2013 and December 2014, irrespective of symptoms or radiographic findings. PROMs were evaluated preoperatively and at 2 years postoperatively. At the time of hip arthroscopy, the chondrolabral junction was classified as normal without tear (1 hip, type 1); hypertrophic labrum without chondrolabral disruption (19 hips, type 2); chondrolabral disruption on the articular side, not extending into the capsular side (16 hips, type 3A); chondrolabral disruption extending through the capsular side (3 hips, type 3B); and exposed acetabular subchondral bone (7 hips, type 4).

Results:

There was a significant difference in postoperative modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) ( P = .020), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain scores ( P = .037), and WOMAC total scores ( P = .049) between chondrolabral junction types. Post hoc analyses demonstrated significant differences between type 2 (84.9 ± 12.9) and type 3A (67.8 ± 20.7; P = .198), and between type 2 and type 4 (59.3 ± 24.3; P = .011) in postoperative mHHS scores; and between type 2 (83.9 ± 12.9) and type 3A (68.9 ± 23.7; P = .045) in postoperative WOMAC total scores. In multivariate analysis, chondrolabral type 3 or type 4, age >35 years, and previous surgery were significantly correlated with worse mHHS scores at 2 years.

Conclusion:

This new chondrolabral classification is proposed to describe intra-articular pathology seen during combined hip arthroscopy and PAO, specifically in dysplastic hips. More advanced chondrolabral disease was associated with worse PROMs at 2 years.
Etiology, presentation and management of urinary tract infections in multiple sclerosis patients: A review of the current literature
Authors: Campetella Marco , Filomena GB , Marino F , Fantasia F , Russo P , Gavi F , Rossi F , Gandi C , Ragonese M , Foschi N , Totaro A , Sacco E , Racioppi M , Bientinesi R
Published: January 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) present a formidable challenge in the care of individuals affected by multiple sclerosis (MS). Lower urinary tract dysfunction is a prevalent issue among MS patients, predisposing them to an elevated risk of UTIs. When left untreated, UTIs can further exacerbate the already compromised quality of life in individuals with MS. The diagnosis and management of UTIs in MS patients necessitate a careful clinical evaluation. The objective of this review is to delineate preventive strategies and current and developing therapeutic approaches for preventing and treating UTIs associated with urinary dysfunction, catheterization, and upper urinary tract infections in patients with MS. Effectively addressing UTIs and urinary tract dysfunction in individuals with multiple sclerosis calls for a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach.
Testing Phase 2 of a Targeted Boredom Intervention Training Program and its Impact on Boredom Misbeliefs
Authors: Tze Virginia M. C. , Rilkoff Vanessa L. , Daniels Lia M. , Parker Patti C.
Published: January 2024

Boredom is a commonly experienced emotion that is detrimental to student performance. This study piloted Phase 2 of the Boredom Intervention Training (BIT) program which used cognitive restructuring to alter students’ boredom misbeliefs. The sample consisted of 149 students from a midwestern Canadian University. We identified participants’ boredom misbeliefs at baseline and employed McNemar tests to determine if students reported fewer boredom misbeliefs after viewing a psychoeducational training video. Our results revealed students reported fewer boredom misbeliefs post-video compared to pre-video (all p’s < .025). Implications of Phase 2 of the BIT program for university students are discussed.
Mapping the Caregiver Experience in a Canadian Province: Research Methodology for the Saskatchewan Caregiver Experience Study
Authors: Hall Steven , Rohatinsky Noelle , Holtslander Lorraine , Peacock Shelley
Published: January 2024

Background

Policies and services for older adults are increasingly focused on living in the community, rather than relying on institutions. A total of 70–80% of community care for older adults is provided by family and friend caregivers. With Canada's aging population, the number of caregivers to older adults is growing.

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe the research methodology that was employed in the Saskatchewan Caregiver Experience Study. The methodology was used to map the experiences and gather perspectives of caregivers in Saskatchewan and to identify their priority support needs.

Methods

Qualitative description was the approach in this study. An online qualitative survey was administered via SurveyMonkey and distributed via Facebook and community newsletters. The survey collected caregiver demographics and asked three open-ended questions regarding: (1) the challenges that caregivers experience; (2) the positive aspects of caregiving; and (3) the support needs and priorities of Saskatchewan caregivers. A fourth question where caregivers could freely express any other experiences or perspectives was included. Content analysis was the method used for data analysis.

Results

355 individuals met the inclusion criteria for this study. Participants were evenly distributed amongst urban-large, urban-small/medium, and rural settings in Saskatchewan. The average age of caregivers and care recipients were 61 and 83 respectively.

Conclusion

This study has implications for research, practice, and policy. By gathering the full spectrum of the caregiver experience in Saskatchewan, this study can help to inform how communities, governments, and our healthcare system can best support caregivers in their role.
Controlled pore anisotropy in chitosan-gelatin cryogels for use in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Andres Madeline , Robertson Eileen , Hall Andrew , McBride-Gagyi Sarah , Sell Scott
Published: January 2024

In tissue engineering, the development of an appropriate scaffold is crucial to provide a framework for new tissue growth. The use of cryogels as scaffolds shows promise due to their macroporous structure, but the pore size, distribution, and interconnectivity is highly variable depending on the fabrication process. The objective of the current research is to provide a technique for controlled anisotropy in chitosan-gelatin cryogels to develop scaffolds for bone tissue engineering application. A mold was developed using additive manufacturing to be used during the freezing process in order to fabricate cryogels with a more interconnected pore structure. The scaffolds were tested to evaluate their porosity, mechanical strength, and to observe cell infiltration through the cryogel. It was found that the use of the mold allowed for the creation of designated pores within the cryogel structure which facilitated cell infiltration to the center of the scaffold without sacrificing mechanical integrity of the structure.
The Disruptive Power of Policy Erasure: How State Legislators and School Boards Fail to Take up Trans-affirming Policies While Leaning into Anti-LGBTQ+ Policies
Authors: McQuillan Mollie T. , Lebovitz Benjamin A. , Harbin LaShanda
Published: January 2024

Since 2017, hostile anti-LGBTQ+ educational bills rapidly expanded. Using traditional and critical policy analysis across three Midwestern states, we examine (1) whether state and local policymakers ( n = 60) adopted trans-inclusive protections aligned with the 2017 federal Whitaker ruling, (2) the spread and scope of state and local educational policies concerning LGBTQ+ people, and (3) relationships between LGBTQ and critical race theory (CRT) curricular bills. We find policy erasure in states without pre- Whitaker gender-inclusive nondiscrimination laws and expanded efforts to ban LGBTQ+ students from educational opportunities, spaces, and curriculum. LGBTQ+ and CRT curricular bans overlapped. We discuss the implications of policymakers leaning into exclusion over gender reforms.
Towards Anti-Carceral Leadership: Remaking Public Schools to Refuse Black Students’ Surveillance, Containment, and Control
Authors: Jenkins DeMarcus A. , Warren Chezare A.
Published: January 2024

The social movement for #PoliceFreeSchools (and the adjacent campaign on college and university campuses called #PoliceFreeCampuses) welcomes an opportunity to reimagine school discipline and safety in contradistinction to current carceral forms. Scholars have moved away from notions of “school to prison pipeline” by demonstrating the many ways schools are organized as carceral spaces (e.g., school-prison nexus). A conceptual framework of Anti-carceral leadership is put forward in this paper to underscore the need for a leadership paradigm that actively refuses the logics of the carceral state (e.g., social control). The paper underscores how the logics of antiblackness may sustain mechanisms of social control in education policy intended to undo racialized harm. The tensions of be(com)ing an anti-carceral leader and its significance for undoing technologies of punishment, confinement, and constraint that reinforce schooling as a site of Black pain and suffering are discussed.
Governing Mobility Through Exemptions: Cross-National Dependencies, Immigration Policy, and Migrant Labour in South African Historical Perspective
Authors: Tshabalala Xolani
Published: January 2024

Over the last century, the South African state has periodically engaged in the practice of ‘exempting’ various migrants from their otherwise irregular immigration statuses. Always backed by official legislation, exemptions represent one way by which dominant capitalist interests have relied on the legitimacy of the state to meet their labour needs by sometimes employing undocumented migrants from the Southern African region. Through insights from sub-imperialism and bordering, this paper discusses historical case examples from policy articulations, parliamentary debates, secondary literature and archival materials. By exploring cross-national relationships of exploitation and differentiation, the paper argues that exemptions should be understood as attempts by which the contradictions of ubiquitous informal cross-border mobility and employment in a regime of unfree regional movement might be resolved. Exemptions also attest to the challenge of governing human mobility in a region invested with a historically vast infrastructure of producing, attracting as well as exploiting cheap migrant labour.