bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemically Reacting Unsteady Flow of Nanofluid over a Cone and Plate with Activation Energy
Authors: Basha H. Thameem , Gunakala Sreedhar Rao , Makinde Oluwole Daniel , Sivaraj R.
Published: September 2018

This computational analysis explores the properties of uneven energy gain or loss on the fluid transport properties of a chemically reacting nanofluid with two types of geometries. Simulations have been done to investigate the heat and mass transfer characteristics using Crank-Nicolson scheme. Influence of active parameters such as Hartman number, heat source and sinks, Brownian diffusion, thermophoretic diffusivity, activation energy and Schmidt number is graphically presented. Tables demonstrate the significant impact of sundry parameters on skin-friction factor, heat and mass transfer rates. The achieved results expose that the activation energy parameter is having high influence on mass transfer mechanism.
MHD Slip Flow of Cu-Kerosene Nanofluid in a Channel with Stretching Walls Using 3-Stage Lobatto IIIA Formula
Authors: Reza Jawad , Mebarek-Oudina Fateh , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: September 2018

In this paper, rheology of laminar incompressible Copper-Kerosene nanofluid in a channel with stretching walls under the influence of transverse magnetic field is investigated. The main structure of the partial differential equations was taken from the law of conservation of mass, momentum and energy equations. Governing boundary layer equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using similarity variables and then solved with 3-stage Lobatto IIIA formula. Numerical results were compared with another numerical method (Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg) and found excellent agreement. The influence of physical parameters Reynolds number, magnetic number, solid volume fraction, momentum and thermal slip parameters on velocity and temperature profile considered. Numerical results revealed that solid volume fraction decreases the velocity of nanofluid particles near the lower wall of the channel and increase the thermal boundary layer thickness in the channel.
Magneto-Convective Heat Transfer in Micropolar Nanofluid over a Stretching Sheet with Non-Uniform Heat Source/Sink
Authors: Kumar T.S. , Kumar B. Rushi , Makinde Oluwole Daniel , Vijaya Kumar A.G.
Published: September 2018

The objective of investigation is to study the hydro-magnetic boundary layer micropolar nanofluid steady flow past a stretching sheet with a non-uniform heat suction/sink by taking into account of nanofluids containing Cu– water, TiO2–water, Al2O3–water, and Ag–water. As per the geometry of the flow configuration the conservation laws are transformed into a non-linear model. Using the appropriate analoguestransformations, the resultant equations are employing order approach along with shooting technique to derive closed form solutions for momentum, angular velocity, and temperature fields as well as couple stress, skin friction, local Nusselt number, and then to analyse and physical insight of various flow parameters on these fields. Also the numerical computations are performed and plotted through graphs and tables. It is found that the effect of volume fraction of nanoparticles on the fluid velocity, it decreases due to the absence of surface tension forces and hence, the momentum boundary layer thickness reduced. Furthermore, comparisons with published results are in very good agreement. Nomenclature
Analysis of Changes in the Natural and Climatic Conditions of the Functioning of the Construction Industry (Operation of Buildings and Structures) in the Region
Authors: Ashabokov Boris A. , Shapovalov Alexander V. , Tashilova Alla A.
Published: September 2018

The manifestations of climatic changes on the territory of the south of the European part of Russia are considered. The estimates for the changes in the seasonal and annual average, maximum and minimum air temperatures, in the seasonal and annual sum of precipitation, daily maximum precipitation as well as the dynamics of the number of their extreme values ​​in different climatic zones of southern Russia and in different seasons are obtained. Possible effects of climate change on the functioning of the construction industry in different climatic zones of the region are considered.
Financial Maintenance of Building of Affordable Housing on the Basis of Public-Private Partnership
Authors: Mavlioutov Ramil R. , Egorova Elena V. , Pakhomova Olga Yu.
Published: September 2018

In Russia, there is a decrease in investment activity from the citizens in the primary real estate market, where until recently the main engine was equity construction. The last one, objectively, has lost the ability to satisfy the interests of participants in the investment process. In 2017 the legislator made an attempt to adjust the economic and legal field of housing construction. The article considers the issue of viability of equity construction in new economic conditions. Alternative solutions are considered and the author's vision of the mechanism of financing housing construction on the basis of public-private partnership which provides the supply in the primary market of affordable housing is presented.
Innovative Approach to Managerial Decision-Making in Construction Business
Authors: Selyutina Larisa G.
Published: September 2018

The article is dedicated to actual problems in the field of strategic adaptation of modern building enterprises and organizations to external changes. The methodological toolkit for developing an enterprise adaptability strategy is based on innovative management solutions that can be successfully implemented with the active involvement of management consultants. The important part of the work is analyzing of existing points of view of Russian and foreign representatives of scientific schools in the field of the studied problems. Advising, as professional assistance in solving key problems and achieving sustainable success in the activity of small and medium-sized business construction companies, is a management reserve, the rational use of which will ensure the formation of an innovative process that is the most important factor of strategic adaptation. Taking into account the results of the research, author gives his approach to the formation of managerial decisions on the strategic adaptation of small and medium-sized construction organizations aimed at ensuring the competitive advantages of enterprises and strengthening their positions in the internal and external markets in the conditions of market instability is described.
Organizational and Managerial Failures in the Development of the Housing Industry in Russia
Authors: Mirgorodskaya Elena O. , Novoselova Irina V. , Steiner Vera Yu.
Published: September 2018

In modern Russia, organizational and managerial approaches to the development of the housing sector reveal a lack of a systemic nature. The main indicators of the housing sector lag behind the level of many developed countries. In the present article the authors analyze the imbalances presented in the housing industry in Russia and look at future-oriented areas to improve the affordability of housing and the level of urban comfort, based on the belief that the quality of life of the population is largely determined by the availability and quality of housing and the state of the residential environment.
Assessment of Organizational and Technological Reliability of the Construction Process
Authors: Kabanov Vadim
Published: September 2018

The article proposes the solution of the topical issues that arise in the construction of buildings and structures, among them are: ensuring high reliability in calculating the duration of work in construction projects, determining the minimum boundary of the actual intensity of work in the construction of building structures. Objective: to offer a simple option for assessing the value of the reliability of the construction process. Within the framework of the research, the following tasks were solved: the typification of construction processes according to the degree of mechanization was carried out, a simple method of probability theory was proposed to determine the reliability value. Methods of forming the general set of initial values ​​suggest using observation and timing. Processing of statistical values ​​was performed on the model of the accumulated probability curve.
As a result of the research, the construction processes are considered as fully mechanized, non-mechanized (manual) and processes in which the machines and workers are jointly occupied. A practical example of obtaining the values ​​of productivity from a given value of reliability on the curve of accumulated probabilities is given. The conclusion is made about the advantages of the described approach, which consist in the simplicity and low laboriousness of constructing a model, as well as performing calculations.
Evaluation of the Compressed Reinforced Concrete Elements Dynamic Strength, Taking into Account the Temperature Influence on the Strength and Deformability of Reinforcement Steel and Concrete
Authors: Avetisyan Levon A. , Danilov Mikhail V.
Published: September 2018

In the article the results of the eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete element calculation operating under the dynamic loading in fire conditions are shown. The calculation of the compressed reinforced concrete element was carried out, taking into account the conducted experimental studies. The calculation showed that, depending on the temperature effects, the curvature of the reinforced concrete element in stages I and II decreases while the class concrete, which varies from 28.9% to 55%, is increasing. When the temperature reaches 2500, the cracking moment and the moment of internal forces at the end of the stage II are reduced to 22% with respect to these forces at normal conditions. With increasing temperature, the dynamic stiffness of the element in the stage I is reduced by 29.3%.
Rational Placement of a Steel Fiber in Sections of the Combined and Monolithic Bent Reinforced Concrete Elements
Authors: Hasauov Yusup M.
Published: September 2018

In the article some considerations to optimize the cross-sections of prefabricated-monolithic combined reinforced bent elements are given. The analytical dependence that allows more economical design of the structures in question taking into account the strength and quantity parameters, as well as the geometric dimensions of the individual components of the prefabricated-monolithic section and their relationships is proposed.
The Pressing Process of Powders on the Basis of Siliceous Opoka-Like Rocks
Authors: Bozhko J. , Lapunova Kira , Kozlov Grigorii
Published: September 2018

The article touches upon the problem of raw materials for the ceramic industry. We have found alternative sources such as opoka-like rocks which are widely distributed in the South of Russia and the Volga region. The article presents the description of the characteristic features we identified in the process of compression molding opoka-like rocks of different types. The influence of compacting pressure on the density of pressed samples is given. There are conclusions about expediency of use of such raw materials for the development of ceramic industry.
The Issue of Increasing the Products Durability Made of Fine-Grain Concrete
Authors: Lotoshnikova Elizaveta O. , Usepyan Leonid M. , Telegina Valeriya N. , Tsybenko Elzara O.
Published: September 2018

The article presents a technique for assigning the composition of the agglutinant sand, which is based on the calculation and experimental approach to determining the composition, taking into account the quality of raw materials used and the requirements for the properties of concrete products produced. The obtained results served as the basis for the practical implementation of the proposed technological method of increasing the small-sized products durability made of fine-grain concrete.
Designing the Composition of Concrete with Mineral Additives and Assessment of the Possibility of Cracking in Cement-Concrete Pavement
Authors: Chuc Nguyen Trong , Lam Tang Van , Bulgakov Boris I.
Published: September 2018

Cement-concrete pavement not only has a long service life even at high loads but also has competitive production costs and fewer significant maintenance costs. The concrete road surfaces, thus, are rather economical.
In this article, the Vietnamese Standard TCVN 9382 - 2012 was used to determine the heavyweight concrete composition for rural road construction. Assessment of the crack appearance in the concrete block body was made by the temperature field analysis, the thermal stress and cracking index.
The conducted studies' result provided with the possibility of obtaining heavyweight concrete from Vietnam local raw materials regarding to the concrete mixture workability of 11-13 cm standard cone, 31-36 MPa compressive strength of heavyweight concrete at the age of 28 - day - normal hardening and 0.30 - 0.42 MPa average water resistance of samples. Using natural pozzolan to replace 20% of mass cement in the concrete mixture leads to a decrease in the concrete strength characteristics at different ages. The concrete compressive strength of composition No2 decreased mostly by 23% at the age of 3 days and least by 14% at the age of 28 days in comparison these values of composition No1. However, all of these concrete compressive strengths at the age 28 days are higher than 30 MPa. Replacing 20% of the mass Portland cement by natural pozzolan in a concrete mix will decrease price for 1 m3 concrete of 219.96 rubles.
By applying the computer program MIDAS CIVIL, the maximum temperature in the concrete block center which was determined after 12 hours from the commencement of mixing of raw materials with water, equals to Tmax = 34.61 0С. At the same time, the structure temperature difference between the center (node793) and surface (nodes 120 and 898) of the concrete pavement can be neglected because of its insignificance. Besides, the cracking indexes at three hazardous locations of investigated structure are higher than 1, the cement-concrete pavement will be considered as non-appearance of cracks. However, the cracking index at center (node 793) is always less than this on the surface (nodes 120 and 898), equally to higher thermal crack occurrence at center. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the development and expansion of thermal cracks to ensure the concrete mixture proper care during the hardening process.
The Role of Correct Design of Geodetic Works during Erection and Inspection of Complex Metal Structures
Authors: Yakovlev Vladimir V. , Korzhenevskaya Irina V.
Published: September 2018

The question of the correct planning of geodetic work for the further survey of erected building structures in the process of their exploitation is very acute at the present time. The initial preparatory stage of this process without appropriate professional relationship to it may have a mixed effect to the quality of further work, the analysis of the dynamics of deformation characteristics and the forecasting of their development stages.Therefore, it is the responsibility of surveyors, designers, and teachers to inform all construction organizations the need to compile geodetic works for the unique facilities constructions with mandatory indication of the types and methods of their inspection at the stage of assembly, installation and operation for complete analysis and prediction of deformation processes.
Art Reconstruction of the Traditional Nogai Yurt, Portable Type "Otav"
Authors: Kanokova Fatima Yu.
Published: September 2018

We studied artistic and constructive features and a composition system for decorating the external and internal decoration of the traditional portable Nogai dwelling – the yurt of the stationary type "otav". The artistic and visual reconstruction of the object and its components was performed on the basis of fine, written and material sources, the basic principles of the substantively-spatial organization were determined, the flagship functions, color and ornamental formulas were also revealed.
Typological Varieties of Traditional Slavic Folk Dwelling in the Southeastern Regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Protopopova Darya A.
Published: September 2018

In the given article he characteristics of architecture of the traditional Slavic national dwelling in the Don region , Eastern Azov region and in steppe Ciscaucasia which include architectural and planning, constructive and urban solutions are considered.
Architectural Formation of School Buildings in the Conditions of Education Continuity: General-Higher
Authors: Pimenova Elena V. , Irmanova Evgeniya V.
Published: September 2018

The article deals with the relevance of the formation of educational institutions buildings in cooperation with higher education institutions. On the basis of modern tendencies of the education development the basic typological groups of the educational organisations are revealed which are basic elements in the general system of the higher education. The necessity of architectural formation of the school as the main component in the system of school-University interaction is determined. On the basis of the conducted researches are revealed the main directions and methods of architectural formation of buildings of the General educational organisations, namely schools in the structure of higher educational institutions (universities). The basic architectural and planning principles of designing school buildings in the structure of university complexes are defined. The conceptual model of architectural formation of a school building in the conditions of education continuity is developed: general-higher, on the example of Don State Technical University.
Complex Assessment of Resource-Saving Solutions Efficiency for Residential Buildings Based on Sustainability Theory
Authors: Sheina Svetlana G. , Minenko Evgenia N. , Sakovskaya Katarina S.
Published: September 2018

This article addresses the issue of energy efficiency in the housing stock of Russian cities. It suggests that the improvement of energy and resource use in the residential houses during their life cycle will promote the transition of Russian cities on the way to sustainable future. The authors of the article present the new assessment method of efficiency the resource saving solutions in the housing stock. This method is based on evaluation of the ecological, environmental and economic effects of realization the resource saving solutions in residential buildings, taking into account the building’s life cycle cost. For this purpose, the authors suggest to use the integrated indicator of sustainability, achieved by the building, through the implementation of different resource saving solutions. The article provides the example of application of the proposed method for selecting the optimal resource saving measures among some different variants planned for realization during the overhaul of the building located in Rostov-on-Don.
Gay on God's Campus
Authors: Coley Jonathan S.
Published: September 2018

Although the LGBT movement has made rapid gains in the United States, LGBT people continue to face discrimination in faith communities. In this book, sociologist Jonathan S. Coley documents why and how student activists mobilize for greater inclusion at Christian colleges and universities. Drawing on interviews with student activists at a range of Christian institutions of higher learning, Coley shows that students, initially drawn to activism because of their own political, religious, or LGBT identities, are forming direct action groups that transform university policies, educational groups that open up campus dialogue, and solidarity groups that facilitate their members’ personal growth. He also shows how these LGBT activists apply their skills and values after graduation in subsequent political campaigns, careers, and family lives, potentially serving as change agents in their faith communities for years to come. Coley’s findings shed light on a new frontier of LGBT activism and challenge prevailing wisdom about the characteristics of activists, the purpose of activist groups, and ultimately the nature of activism itself. For more information about this project’s research methodology and theoretical grounding, please visit http://jonathancoley.com/book
High-resolution temperature profiles (HRTP) retrieved from bi-chromatic stellar scintillation measurements by GOMOS/Envisat
Authors: Sofieva Viktoria F. , Dalaudier Francis , Hauchecorne Alain , Kan Valery
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In this paper, we describe the inversion algorithm for retrievals of high vertical resolution temperature profiles using bi-chromatic stellar scintillation measurements in the occultation geometry. This retrieval algorithm has been improved with respect to nominal ESA processing and applied to the measurements by Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS) operated on board Envisat in 2002–2012. The retrieval method exploits the chromatic refraction in the Earth's atmosphere. The bi-chromatic scintillations allow the determination of the refractive angle, which is proportional to the time delay between the photometer signals. The paper discusses the basic principle and detailed inversion algorithm for reconstruction of high resolution density, pressure and temperature profiles (HRTP) in the stratosphere from scintillation measurements. The HRTP profiles are retrieved with very good vertical resolution of ~200 m and high accuracy of ~1–3 K for altitudes of 15–32 km and with a global coverage. The best accuracy is achieved in in-orbital-plane occultations, and the accuracy weakly depends on star brightness. The whole GOMOS dataset has been processed with the improved HRTP inversion algorithm using the FMI's Scientific Processor; and the dataset (HRTP FSP v1) is in open access. The validation of small-scale fluctuations in the retrieved HRTP profiles is performed via comparison of vertical wavenumber spectra of temperature fluctuations in HRTP and in collocated radiosonde data. We found that the spectral features of temperature fluctuations are very similar in HRTP and collocated radiosonde temperature profiles. HRTP can be assimilated into atmospheric models, used in studies of stratospheric clouds and in analysis of internal gravity waves activity. As an example of geophysical applications, gravity wave potential energy has been estimated using the HRTP dataset. The obtained spatio-temporal distributions of gravity wave energy are in good agreement with the previous analyses using other measurements.
Controls of terrestrial ecosystem nitrogen loss on simulated productivity responses to elevated CO2
Authors: Meyerholt Johannes , Zaehle Sönke
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The availability of nitrogen is one of the primary controls on plant growth.
Terrestrial ecosystem nitrogen availability is not only determined by inputs
from fixation, deposition, or weathering, but is also regulated by the rates
with which nitrogen is lost through various pathways. Estimates of
large-scale nitrogen loss rates have been associated with considerable
uncertainty, as process rates and controlling factors of the different loss
pathways have been difficult to characterize in the field. Therefore, the
nitrogen loss representations in terrestrial biosphere models vary
substantially, adding to nitrogen cycle-related uncertainty and resulting in
varying predictions of how the biospheric carbon sink will evolve under
future scenarios of elevated atmospheric CO2. Here, we test three
commonly applied approaches to represent ecosystem-level nitrogen loss in a
common carbon–nitrogen terrestrial biosphere model with respect to their
impact on projections of the effect of elevated CO2. We find that
despite differences in predicted responses of nitrogen loss rates to elevated
CO2 and climate forcing, the variety of nitrogen loss
representation between models only leads to small variety in carbon sink
predictions. The nitrogen loss responses are particularly uncertain in the
boreal and tropical regions, where plant growth is strongly nitrogen-limited
or nitrogen turnover rates are usually high, respectively. This highlights
the need for better representation of nitrogen loss fluxes through global
measurements to inform models.
Solution Region Synthesis Methodology of RCCC Linkages for Four Poses
Authors: Han Jianyou , Cao Yang
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This paper presents a synthesis methodology of RCCC linkages based on the solution region methodology, R denoting a revolute joint and C denoting a cylindrical joint. The RCCC linkage is usually synthesized via its two defining dyads, RC and CC. For the four poses problem, there are double infinite solutions of the CC dyad, but there is no solution for the RC dyad. However, if a condition is imposed that leads to a coupling of the two dyads, a maximum of four poses can be visited with the RCCC linkage. Unfortunately, until now, there is no methodology to synthesize the RCCC linkage for four given poses besides optimization method. According to the coupling condition above, infinite exact solutions of RCCC linkages can be obtained. For displaying these RCCC linkages, we first build a spherical 4R linkage solution region. Then solutions with circuit and branch defects can be eliminated on this solution region, so that the feasible solution region is obtained. An RCCC linkage can be obtained by using the prescribed spatial positions and selected a value on the feasible solution region. We take values on the feasible solution region by a certain step length and many exact solutions for RCCC linkages can be obtained. Finally we display these solutions on a map, this map is the solution region for RCCC linkages.
Evaluating earthquake-induced rockfall hazard by investigating past
rockfall events: the case of Qiryat-Shemona adjacent to the Dead Sea
Transform, northern Israel
Authors: Kanari Mor , Katz Oded , Weinberger Ram , Porat Naomi , Marco Shmuel
Published: September 2018

Abstract. We evaluate rockfall hazard for the town of Qiryat-Shemona, northern Israel, situated alongside the Dead Sea Transform, at the foot of the Ramim escarpment. Boulders of 1 m3 to 125 m3 are scattered on the slope above town, while historical aerial photos reveal that before town establishment, numerous boulders had reached the town premises. For the hazard analysis we first mapped the rockfalls, their source and their downslope final stop-sites, and compiled the boulder size distribution. We then simulated the probable future rockfall trajectories using the field observed data to calibrate the simulation software by comparing simulated vs mapped boulders stop-sites along selected slopes while adjusting model input parameters for best fit. The analysis identified areas of high rockfall hazard at the south-western quarters of the town and also indicates that in the studied slopes, falling blocks would stop after several tens of meters where the slope angle is below 10°. OSL age determination of several past rockfall events in the study area suggests that these rockfalls were triggered by large (M > 6) historical earthquakes. Nevertheless, not all large historical earthquakes triggered rockfalls. Simulations show that downslope reach of the blocks is not significantly affected by the magnitude of seismic acceleration. Considering the size distribution of the past rockfalls in the study area and the reoccurrence time of large earthquakes in the region, the probability to be affected by a destructive rockfall within a 50 year time-window is of less than 5 %.
Sensitivity of centennial mass loss projections of the Amundsen basin to the friction law
Authors: Brondex Julien , Gillet-Chaulet Fabien , Gagliardini Olivier
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Reliable projections of ice sheets future contribution to sea level rise require models able to accurately simulate grounding line dynamics, starting from initial states consistent with observations. Here, we simulate the centennial evolution of the Amundsen Sea Embayement in response to a schematic perturbation in order to assess the sensitivity of mass loss projections to the chosen friction law, depending on the initialisation strategy. To this end, three different model states are constructed by inferring both the initial basal shear stress and viscosity fields with various relative weights. Then, starting from each of these model states, prognostic simulations are carried out using a Weertman, a Schoof and a Budd friction law, with different parameter values. Independently of the considered model state, the Weertman law systematically predicts the lowest mass losses. Although the sensitivity of projections to the chosen friction law tends to decrease when more weight is put on viscosity during initialisation, it remains significant for the most physically acceptable of the constructed model states. In addition, because of its particular dependence on effective pressure, the Budd friction law induces significantly different GL retreat patterns than the other laws and predicts much higher mass losses.
Assessment of Contemporary Satellite Sea Ice Thickness Products for Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Sallila Heidi , McCurry Joshua , Farrell Sinéad Louise , Rinne Eero
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Advances in remote sensing of sea ice over the past two decades have resulted in a wide variety of satellite-derived sea ice thickness data products becoming publicly available. Selecting the most appropriate product is challenging given objectives range from incorporating satellite-derived thickness information in operational activities, including sea ice forecasting, routing of maritime traffic, and search and rescue, to climate change analysis, longer-term modeling, prediction, and future planning. Depending on the use case, selecting the most suitable satellite data product can depend on the region of interest, data latency, and whether the data are provided routinely, for example via a climate or maritime service provider. Here we examine a suite of current sea ice thickness data products, collating key details of primary interest to end users. We assess sea ice thickness observations derived from sensors onboard the CryoSat-2 (CS2), Advanced Very-High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellites. We evaluate the satellite-only observations with independent ice draft and thickness measurements obtained from the Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project (BGEP) upward looking sonars (ULS) and Operation IceBridge, respectively. We find a number of key differences among data products, but find that products utilizing CS2-only measurements are reliable for sea ice between ~ 0.5 m and 4 m. Among those compare, a blended CS2-SMOS product was the most reliable for thin ice. Ice thickness distributions at the end of winter appeared realistic when compared with independent ice draft measurements, with the exception of those derived from AVHRR. We noticed disagreement among the products in mean thickness trends especially in the winters of 2012–2013 and 2016–2017. Regional comparisons reveal large differences in ice thickness between products, particularly in the Kara Sea, an area of considerable ship traffic.
Book Review: Macroeconomic Aspects of Aging and Retirement of College and University teachers. Indo-French perspecctives.
Authors: Grendell Ruth N.
Published: September 2018

No abstract
Impact of Migrant Populations on National Wellbeing: A Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Zouhair Ahmed , Lunsford Ryan
Published: September 2018

The topic of human happiness is important to economic policy because life satisfaction (wellbeing) should be one of the main goals of national and international policymakers (Becchetti, Trovato, and Londono Bedoya (2011). The Human Development Index (HDI) is a tool the United Nations (UN) uses to measure and rank the social and economic development levels of countries (United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 2016). It targets four main areas: average number of years of education, expected years of education, life expectancy at birth, and gross national income per capita. However, it does not provide statistics related to migrant and refugee levels of wellbeing. Furthermore, there is limited scholarly research on current refugee and migrant populations in relation to measures of socioeconomic progress. The aim of this research is to determine the effect, if any, these populations have on the HDI of countries around the world. This study is based on a mixed-methods sequential exploratory design, first using quantitative research to analyze already published HDI results and then utilizing qualitative research methods, interviews, and surveys to explain the results in more detail (Creswell, 2014). The findings of this research will address a gap in the literature that relates to an important topic, how refugee and migrant populations affect the human development and level of wellbeing of the world’s countries.
WTF Is Laughter to Mark Twain?
Authors: Hughes Jennifer A.
Published: September 2018

This article argues that attention to Mark Twain's references to laughter across his work reveals an insecure vision of what laughter is and what it can do. Nineteenth-century understandings of laughter are different from today's (such as ideas that it can make one fat, make one sane, evince sexual voracity, or destroy one's moral sense). This article contextualizes Twain's unstable depictions of laughter's possible effect on his readership. His ambivalence toward his career as a humorist reflects ambivalences toward the hilarity of the era. His characters laugh in ways that exploit laughter's associations with mental capacity and physical health, connections that were commonly made during a period in American history in which embodiment determined the rights of citizenship. Finally, situating his relationship with laughter complicates the quote from young Satan that “against the assault of Laughter nothing can stand,” which was the theme of the most recent Mark Twain Quadrennial Conference.
The Histological Effect of Aqueous Ginger Extract on Kidneys and Lungs of Diabetic Rats
Authors: Al-Qudah Maisa.M.A. , Al-Ramamneh Ezz Al-Dein , Haddad Moawiya A. , Al-Abbadi Amal
Published: September 2018

Diabetes is a disorder affecting various-aged humans and which can with time cause serious problems for the patient. Medicinal plants are known for their hypoglycemic effects; and among which is ginger (Zingiber officinale) known also for its culinary uses. This study, therefore, was undertaken to evaluate the histological effect of 21-day treatment of aqueous ginger extract used at 500 mg / kg BW on female diabetic rats. Fifteen female albino rats were divided into three groups; Group I: control, Group II: non-treated diabetic, and Group III: ginger extract-treated diabetic rats. The ginger extract-treated diabetic group received the daily dose orally for three weeks. Results show that organ weight was not significantly changed. Light microscopic examination of 5µm sections of extract-treated Kidney and Lung of the diabetic rats revealed approximately normal histological structure compared with the untreated ones. The normal appearance of glomeruli and alveoli as well as the normal alveolar wall assumed the ameliorative effect ginger aqueous extract could have on kidney and lung of diabetic rats. These results indicated that this dose of ginger extract may be effective in the treatment of diabetic rats.
Immobilized artificial membrane chromatography: from medicinal chemistry to environmental sciences
Authors: Tsopelas Fotis , Stergiopoulos Chrysanthos , Tsantili-Kakoulidou Anna
Published: September 2018

Immobilized Artificial Membrane (IAM) chromatography constitutes a valuable tool for medicinal chemists to prioritize drug candidates in early drug development. The retention on IAM stationary phases encodes lipophilicity, electrostatic and other secondary interactions contrary to traditional octanol-water partitioning. An increasing number of publications in recent years have suggested that IAM indices, including isocratic log k(IAM) or extrapolated log kw(IAM) retention factors, chromatographic hydrophobicity index CHI(IAM) or the polarity parameter Δlog kw(IAM) can successfully model the passage of xeniobiotics through biological membranes and barriers and predict pharmacokinetic properties, often in combination with additional descriptors. Examples referring to the modeling of human oral absorption, blood-brain penetration and skin partition are described. More recently, IAM chromatography has been applied to estimate toxicological endpoints in regard to drug safety, such as phospholipidosis potential, or in regard to chemical risk hazards including the bioconcentration factor and aquatic organisms’ toxicity. The promising results in both medicinal chemistry and in environmental science in combination with the speed, reproducibility and low analyte consumption suggest that a broader application of IAM chromatography in the early drug discovery process and in ecotoxicity may save time and money in initial drug candidate selection and will contribute to a reduced risk hazard of chemicals.
Male Amateur Keyboardists
Authors: Talle Andrew
Published: September 2018

Chapter seven discusses the place of music in the education and leisure time of boys and men who had no intention of pursuing musical careers. Unlike their female counterparts, male amateur musicians were encouraged to cultivate knowledge of music theory and to celebrate the social opportunities offered by music making, especially in university Collegium Musicum ensembles. This chapter draws from diverse sources including novels, poems, music manuscripts, and diaries. It concludes with case studies of two jurists: Johann Stephan Pütter of Göttingen and Johann Heinrich Fischer of Fulda. For Pütter, a musician of limited skills, performance quality was less important than the social aspects of making music. For Fischer, music theory was of great interest and led him to admire the music of the Lutheran composer J. S. Bach, despite the fact that Fischer was Catholic.
Work, Coalition, and Advocacy
Authors: Delgadillo Theresa , Weaver Janet
Published: September 2018

This chapter explores the leadership experiences of Latinas in Wisconsin and Iowa from a variety of occupational and ethnic backgrounds. Drawing on oral histories and archival documents, it places gender at the center of the analysis of twentieth-century migration of women and their families into the Midwest - first from Mexico and Texas and later from Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Central America. Understanding the leadership work of these Latinas in communities, organizations, and homes, as well as their advocacy for civil rights and women’s rights as professional and blue-collar workers, helps reshape and enrich the narrative of the history of the Midwest.
Global Tarantella
Authors: Inserra Incoronata
Published: September 2018

This book ventures into the history, global circulation, and recontextualization of tarantella, a genre of Southern Italian folk music and dance; in particular, it explores this phenomenon by observing local and national music and dance festivals and international dance performances and workshops, as well as by analyzing the contemporary production of new tarantella music text. Examining tarantella's changing image and role among Italians and Italian Americans, the book illuminates how factors like tourism, translation, and world music venues have shifted the ethics of place embedded in the tarantella cultural tradition. Once rural, religious, and rooted, tarantella now thrives in settings urban, secular, migrant, and ethnic. The book argues that the genre's changing dynamics contribute to reimagining southern Italian identity, especially in relation to the Italian Southern Question; in fact, they help Southern Italian groups redefine their own identities as immigrants within a larger Mediterranean and postcolonial context. They also translate tarantella into a different kind of performance that serves new social and cultural groups and purposes. Indeed, as tarantella moves from local and national Italian festivals to the Italian diaspora as well as to New Age and world-music scenes, its growth promotes a reassessment of gender relations in the Italian South and helps create space for Italian and Italian American women to reclaim gendered aspects of the genre.
Exporting Southern Italian Festivals from South to North
Authors: Inserra Incoronata
Published: September 2018

This chapter presents a fieldwork-based analysis of the tammurriata festivals in the Campania region and in the northern Italian city of Milan. The chapter examines how notions of place and land—main elements in the tammurriata tradition—are being transformed within the current revival to respond to the needs of new festival participants, often urbanites with little knowledge of the tammurriata’s peasant culture. These changes are evident in the introduction of new dance styles and, at least in the core years of the revival in the 1990s, in the combination of traditional elements with urban youth culture. At the same time, the revival has contributed to the emergence of (southern) Italian women performers at center stage. These changes are even more evident when tammurriata moves from the south to the north of Italy, mainly in the large metropolitan center of Milan, where tammurriata is performed together with other tarantella forms and is usually marketed as “ethnic” music. Since southern immigrants make up a large component of Milan’s population, performing or simply participating in a tarantella event in Milan often becomes a way for Campania practitioners to reconnect with their own tammurriata heritage away from home.
Voices and Invoices
Authors: Cortens Evan
Published: September 2018

This chapter takes a detailed view of Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach’s singers, vocal performance materials, and pay records in Hamburg. Particular attention is paid to the occasional choral music for which both pay records (from the Hamburg Rechnungsbuch der Kirchenmusik [D-Hsa, Hs.462]) and vocal parts survive, especially the cantatas written for the installation of pastors at the Hamburg churches. While noting that there are several fascinating examples indicating the sharing of single parts by multiple singers, Cortens ultimately concludes that as in most other parts of Germany of the time, one singer per part was the norm for Bach’s performances of liturgical music after 1767.
Passing for Tan
Authors: Gaines Alisha
Published: September 2018

This chapter considers how Nicole “Snooki” Polizzi, the star of MTV’s reality television show Jersey Shore crafted a bankable celebrity persona by “passing for tan.” Emboldened by postracial discourse and a late-capital moment, Snooki’s neo-passing is an exaggerated performance of Italian American identity based on stereotypes about ethnicity and familial belonging, the generic demands of reality television, and the affect of ethnicity. Snooki’s story is a deeply American one staged against the unique physical and cultural geography of New Jersey.
The Folk Spiritual
Authors: Graham Sandra Jean
Published: September 2018

Spirituals are religious folk songs created by African Americans in the early nineteenth century. This chapter defines folk spirituals as orally transmitted songs with variable texts and melodies, a typically responsorial structure (call and response), textual and melodic repetition, typically gapped scales, and an ambiguous approach to pitch in performance. The texts tend to focus on crossing over into the heavenly afterlife, and performances encourage communal participation. As folk music, the performance of each spiritual is unique and improvisatory. This chapter describes traits of folk spirituals and methods of composition, surveys secondary literature on its origins in the black church and the camp meeting, and recounts the earliest efforts to transcribe spirituals.
Spirituals in Uncle Tom Shows, Melodramas, and Spectacles
Authors: Graham Sandra Jean
Published: September 2018

Stage productions of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) were a staple of theaters across the United States well into the twentieth century. In 1876, after jubilee troupes had become a national craze, George Howard and his wife Caroline added a jubilee troupe to their stage production, setting off a new trend. Soon jubilee singers were a prerequisite for every “Tom” production. This chapter examines the role of black singers in the show, using Howard’s revision of George Aiken’s script as well as reviews, and lists the spirituals used in the initial productions. A symbiosis between Tom shows and jubilee troupes developed, with jubilee troupes increasingly adding ethnographic portrayals of slave life to their concerts. Soon other plays that had a more tangential relation to plantation life (or none at all) began incorporating jubilee singers. Meantime, the Hyers sisters and Elizabeth Hopkins mounted musical plays that incorporated spirituals as well as cultivated music. Minstrel managers attempted a new level of “verisimilitude” in theatrical representations of slave life and music, constructing outdoor plantations and holding performances in slave cabins and cotton fields, as well as on nearby stages.
Blurring Boundaries between Traditional and Commercial
Authors: Graham Sandra Jean
Published: September 2018

By the late 1870s the jubilee marketplace was in full swing, and the term jubilee singer had become so diluted as to be essentially meaningless. All manner of jubilee singers represented themselves as tradition bearers, giving rise to frequent skirmishes over legitimacy that were played out in marketing. As traditional spirituals, contrafacta, parodies, answer songs, and parodies of parodies cycled back on each other, the boundaries between them and their performers blurred. Some troupes, like the Wilmington Jubilee Singers, began as concert artists but ended up as minstrel or variety entertainers. Others, like the Nashville Students, successfully incorporated variety entertainment in their programs while maintaining their reputation as concert artists. The career of Sam Lucas demonstrates the nexus between folk and popular song traditions as the boundaries between the altruistic and the purely commercial, between the folk and the popular, and between “high” and “low” began to dissolve.
Introduction
Authors: Zanoni Elizabeth
Published: September 2018

The Introduction defines migrant marketplaces, the book’s theoretical framework, as urban spaces characterized by material and imagined transnational linkages between mobile people and goods. As one of the most mobile ethnic groups during the age of mass migration, Italians in the United States and Argentina illuminate the historical formation of migrant marketplaces. It situates the book within the fields of transnational and comparative migration history, gender and food history, and the history of globalization. The introduction contends that Italian-language commercial newspapers, including La Patria degli Italiani in Buenos Aires, Il Progresso Italo-Americano in New York and publications of Italian Chambers of Commerce in these two cities, make an examination of migrant marketplaces possible because they ground global migratory and commercial flows in specific cities.
Manly Markets in le due Americhe, 1880–1914
Authors: Zanoni Elizabeth
Published: September 2018

This chapter maps changing links between Italian migration and trade to the United States and Argentina. It focuses on Italian elites’ endeavors to exploit these links as part of larger nation- and empire-building projects. By comparing government statistics to elite representations of Italian people and food exports in trademarks and in Italian Chamber of Commerce publications, it argues that Italian leaders masculinized migrant marketplaces and the transnational paths in which they were embedded. Unlike neighboring European countries where ties between consumption and nationhood were increasingly associated with women, Italy’s massive emigration required linking Italian consumption to male citizens abroad. While labor migrants established profitable commercial routes in Italian exports, these gendered representations of manly markets overlooked the way transnational family economies restrained migrant consumption.