bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parental depressive history, parenting styles, and child psychopathology over 6 years: The contribution of each parent's depressive history to the other's parenting styles
Authors: Kopala-Sibley Daniel C. , Jelinek Caitlin , Kessel Ellen M. , Frost Allison , Allmann Anna E. S. , Klein Daniel N.
Published: April 2017

The link between parental depressive history and parenting styles is well established, as is the association of parenting with child psychopathology. However, little research has examined whether a depressive history in one parent predicts the parenting style of the other parent. As well, relatively little research has tested transactional models of the parenting–child psychopathology relationship in the context of parents' depressive histories. In this study, mothers and fathers of 392 children were assessed for a lifetime history of major depression when their children were 3 years old. They then completed measures of permissiveness and authoritarianism and their child's internalizing and externalizing symptoms when children were 3, 6, and 9 years old. The results showed that a depressive history in one parent predicted the other parent's permissiveness. Analyses then showed that child externalizing symptoms at age 3 predicted maternal permissiveness and authoritarianism and paternal permissiveness at age 6. Maternal permissiveness at age 6 predicted child externalizing symptoms at age 9. No relationships in either direction were found between parenting styles and child internalizing symptoms. The results highlight the importance of considering both parents' depressive histories when understanding parenting styles, and support transactional models of parenting styles and child externalizing symptoms.
Transradial approach for collateral embolisation
Authors: Garg Naveen , Sahu Ankit K. , Khanna Roopali
Published: April 2017

Significant aortopulmonary collaterals in cyanotic CHD patients require closure immediately before definitive intracardiac repair. Traditionally, the transfemoral access has been used for this purpose; however in a few cases, selective and stable hooking of collaterals may be extremely difficult. We describe a case in which we used a new approach for collateral embolisation in a difficult situation.
A ZERO- LAW FOR COSINE FAMILIES
Authors: ESTERLE JEAN
Published: April 2017

Let$a\in \mathbb{R}$, and let$k(a)$be the largest constant such that$\sup |\text{cos}(na)-\cos (nb)|<k(a)$for$b\in \mathbb{R}$implies that$b\in \pm a+2\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}\mathbb{Z}$. We show that if a cosine sequence$(C(n))_{n\in \mathbb{Z}}$with values in a Banach algebra$A$satisfies$\sup _{n\geq 1}\Vert C(n)-\cos (na).1_{A}\Vert <k(a)$, then$C(n)=\cos (na).1_{A}$for$n\in \mathbb{Z}$. Since$\!\sqrt{5}/2\leq k(a)\leq 8/3\!\sqrt{3}$for every$a\in \mathbb{R}$, this shows that if some cosine family$(C(g))_{g\in G}$over an abelian group$G$in a Banach algebra satisfies$\sup _{g\in G}\Vert C(g)-c(g)\Vert <\!\sqrt{5}/2$for some scalar cosine family$(c(g))_{g\in G}$, then$C(g)=c(g)$for$g\in G$, and the constant$\!\sqrt{5}/2$is optimal. We also describe the set of all real numbers$a\in [0,\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}]$satisfying$k(a)\leq \frac{3}{2}$.
Ecosystem services and land sparing potential of urban and peri-urban agriculture: A review
Authors: Wilhelm Jennifer A. , Smith Richard G.
Published: April 2017

Agricultural expansion contributes to the degradation of biodiverse ecosystems and the services these systems provide. Expansion of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA), on the other hand, may hold promise to both expand the portfolio of ecosystem services (ES) available in built environments, where ES are typically low and to reduce pressure to convert sensitive non-urban, non-agricultural ecosystems to agriculture. However, few data are available to support these hypotheses. Here we review and summarize the research conducted on UPA from 320 peer-reviewed papers published between 2000 and 2014. Specifically, we explored the availability of data regarding UPA's impact on ES and disservices. We also assessed the literature for evidence that UPA can contribute to land sparing. We find that the growth in UPA research over this time period points to the emerging recognition of the potential role that UPA systems play in food production worldwide. However, few studies (n= 15) place UPA in the context of ES, and no studies in our review explicitly quantify the land sparing potential of UPA. Additionally, while few studies (n= 19) quantify production potential of UPA, data that are necessary to accurately quantify the role these systems can play in land sparing, our rough estimates suggest that agricultural extensification into the world's urban environments via UPA could spare an area approximately twice the size of the US state of Massachusetts. Expanding future UPA research to include quantification of ES and functions would shed light on the ecological tradeoffs associated with agricultural production in the built environment. As food demand increases and urban populations continue to grow, it will be critical to better understand the role urban environments can play in global agricultural production and ecosystem preservation.
Regulatory theory: commercially sustainable markets rely upon satisfying the public interest in obtaining credible goods
Authors: Warren-Jones Amanda
Published: April 2017

Regulatory theory is premised on the failure of markets, prompting a focus on regulators and industry from economic perspectives. This article argues that overlooking the public interest in the sustainability of commercial markets risks markets failing completely. This point is exemplified through health care markets – meeting an essential need – and focuses upon innovative medicines as the most desired products in that market. If this seemingly invulnerable market risks failure, there is a pressing need to consider the public interest in sustainable markets within regulatory literature and practice. Innovative medicines are credence goods, meaning that the sustainability of the market fundamentally relies upon the public trusting regulators to vouch for product quality. Yet, quality is being eroded by patent bodies focused on economic benefits from market growth, rather than ensuring innovatory value. Remunerative bodies are not funding medicines relative to market value, and market authorisation bodies are not vouching for robust safety standards or confining market entry to products for ‘unmet medical need’. Arguably, this failure to assure quality heightens the risk of the market failing where it cannot be substituted by the reputation or credibility of providers of goods and/or information such as health care professionals/institutions, patient groups or industry.
Initial sites of hepadnavirus integration into host genome in human hepatocytes and in the woodchuck model of hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chauhan R , Churchill N D , Mulrooney-Cousins P M , Michalak T I
Published: April 2017

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the closely related woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) are potent carcinogens that trigger development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The initial sites of hepadnavirus–host genome integration, their diversity and kinetics of formation can be central to virus persistence and the initiation and progression of HCC. To recognize the nature of the very early virus–host interactions, we explored de novo infection of human hepatocyte-like HepaRG cells with authentic HBV and naive woodchucks with WHV. HepaRG were analyzed from several minutes post exposure to HBV onwards, whereas woodchuck liver biopsies at 1 or 3 h and 6 weeks post infection with WHV. Inverse PCR and clonal sequencing of the amplicons were applied to identify virus–host genomic junctions. HBV and WHV DNA and their replication intermediates became detectable in one hour after virus exposure. Concomitantly, HBV DNA integration into various host genes was detected. Notably, junctions of HBV X gene with retrotransposon sequences, such as LINE1 and LINE2, became prominent shortly after infection. In woodchucks, insertion of WHV X and preS sequences into host genome was evident at 1 and 3 h post infection (h.p.i.), confirming that hepadnavirus under natural conditions integrates into hepatocyte DNA soon after invasion. The HBV and WHV X gene enhancer II/core promotor sequence most often formed initial junctions with host DNA. Moreover, multiple virus–virus DNA fusions appeared from 1 h.p.i. onwards in both infected hepatocytes and woodchuck livers. In summary, HBV DNA integrates almost immediately after infection with a variety of host’s sequences, among which tandemly repeating non-coding DNAs are common. This study revealed that HBV can engage mobile genetic elements from the beginning of infection to induce pro-oncogenic perturbations throughout the host genome. Such swift virus insertion was also evident in natural hepadnaviral infection in woodchucks.
Patterning and fluorescence tuning of quantum dots with haptic-interfaced bubble printing
Authors: Rajeeva Bharath Bangalore , Alabandi Majd A. , Lin Linhan , Perillo Evan P. , Dunn Andrew K. , Zheng Yuebing
Published: April 2017

Sub-micron resolution patterning and fluorescence tuning of CdSe/CdS quantum dots using haptic-interfaced bubble printing (HIBP) is reported.
Mitochondria and MAPK cascades modulate endosulfan-induced germline apoptosis in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Du Hua , Nie Yaguang , Wang Yun , Dai Hui , Wang Mudi , Wang Dayan , Xu An
Published: April 2017

Our data provide the directin vivoevidence to indicate the molecular signalling mechanism of endosulfan-induced apoptosis.
Linear stability of buoyant thermocapillary convection for a high-Prandtl number fluid in a laterally heated liquid bridge
Authors: Motegi K. , Kudo M. , Ueno I.
Published: April 2017

The buoyancy effect on the stability of axisymmetric buoyant-thermocapillary flow is investigated in a laterally heated high-Prandtl-number liquid bridge using linear stability analysis. Target geometry is the so-called full-zone (FZ) model in which the liquid is sustained between the coaxial cylindrical disks of the same diameter. The disks are maintained at the same temperature, and the mid part of the liquid bridge is heated, resulting in a non-uniform temperature distribution over the free surface. In that model, axisymmetric basic flow exhibits reflection symmetry around the midplane, and two identical toroidal vortices are formed in the upper and lower halves in zero-gravity conditions. However, the buoyancy breaks this symmetry in gravity conditions. There are two different types of perturbation in the FZ model, the symmetric and antisymmetric modes around the mid plane of the liquid bridge. When increasing the Rayleigh number Ra, the buoyancy strongly stabilizes the basic flow for the antisymmetric oscillatory mode and has a weak destabilizing effect on the symmetric oscillatory mode. Therefore, when Ra exceeds a certain threshold value, the most dangerous mode switches from the antisymmetric oscillatory mode, the most dangerous mode under zero-gravity conditions, to the symmetric oscillatory mode. The neutral stability curve of the symmetric oscillatory mode folds with increasing Ra, wherein the critical Reynolds number suddenly drops. We reveal that such an abrupt change in the neutral curve is caused by the transition of the instability source from the vortex in the upper half of the liquid bridge to the one in the lower half by increasing the buoyancy effect. With a further increase in the Ra, the most dangerous mode switches from the symmetric oscillatory mode to the antisymmetric steady mode.
Development of water vapor transmission rate measuring device using a quadrupole mass spectrometer and standard gas barrier films down to the 10−6 g m−2 day−1 level
Authors: Yoshida H. , Ebina T. , Arai K. , Kobata T. , Ishii R. , Aizawa T. , Suzuki A.
Published: April 2017

Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) measuring devices with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) have an advantage in measuring low WVTRs because measurements are taken under an extremely low background of water vapor by realizing ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Here, the reliability of the QMS measurements was improved by including a porous plug with known molecular conductance in the device to generate a reference molar flux for in situ QMS calibration. Then, standard gas barrier (SGB) films made from a clay-polyimide nanocomposite film were also developed and used to validate the measurement. The measurement results for the SGB films were on the extrapolated calibration curve obtained with the porous plug down to WVTR at the 10−6 g m−2 day−1 level within the estimated measurement uncertainty.
Combined caloric effects in a multiferroic Ni–Mn–Ga alloy with broad refrigeration temperature region
Authors: Hu Yong , Li Zongbin , Yang Bo , Qian Suxin , Gan Weimin , Gong Yuanyuan , Li Yang , Zhao Dewei , Liu Jian , Zhao Xiang , Zuo Liang , Wang Dunhui , Du Youwei
Published: April 2017

Solid-state refrigeration based on the caloric effects is promising to replace the traditional vapor-compressing refrigeration technology due to environmental protection and high efficiency. However, the narrow working temperature region has hindered the application of these refrigeration technologies. In this paper, we propose a method of combined caloric, through which a broad refrigeration region can be realized in a multiferroic alloy, Ni–Mn–Ga, by combining its elastocaloric and magnetocaloric effects. Moreover, the materials’ efficiency of elastocaloric effect has been greatly improved in our sample. These results illuminate a promising way to use multiferroic alloys for refrigeration with a broad refrigeration temperature region.
Tunable Electromagnetic Enhancement of Gold Nanoparticle Arrays
Authors: Huang Hailiang , Yi Guobin , Zu Xihong , Zhong Benbin , Lin Wenjing , Zhang Minghai , Luo Hongsheng
Published: April 2017

In this paper, triblock copolymer polyisoprene-block-polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PI-b-PS-b-P2VP) micelles containing HAuCl4 were spin-coated on silicon wafers followed by calcination to form gold nanoparticle arrays. Subsequently the surface optical performances of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-coated Au nanoparticle arrays were investigated. The particle size and the interparticle distance of the gold nanoparticle arrays could be controlled by adjusting the molar ratio of HAuCl4 precursor to vinyl pyridine units in PI-b-PS-b-P2VP and the spin speed during spin-coating. The results demonstrated that Au nanoparticle arrays with large nanoparticle size were able to produce strong electromagnetic field enhancement. Furthermore, the ratio of average particle size to average interparticle distance increased with decreasing spin speed, resulting in strong electromagnetic field enhancement for metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).
Genome-Wide Analysis Provides Evidence on the Genetic Relatedness of the EmergentXylella fastidiosaGenotype in Italy to Isolates from Central America
Authors: Giampetruzzi Annalisa , Saponari Maria , Loconsole Giuliana , Boscia Donato , Savino Vito Nicola , Almeida Rodrigo P. P. , Zicca Stefania , Landa Blanca B. , Chacón-Diaz Carlos , Saldarelli Pasquale
Published: April 2017

Xylella fastidiosa is a plant-pathogenic bacterium recently introduced in Europe that is causing decline in olive trees in the South of Italy. Genetic studies have consistently shown that the bacterial genotype recovered from infected olive trees belongs to the sequence type ST53 within subspecies pauca. This genotype, ST53, has also been reported to occur in Costa Rica. The ancestry of ST53 was recently clarified, showing it contains alleles that are monophyletic with those of subsp. pauca in South America. To more robustly determine the phylogenetic placement of ST53 within X. fastidiosa, we performed a comparative analysis based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the study of the pan-genome of the 27 currently public available whole genome sequences of X. fastidiosa. The resulting maximum-parsimony and maximum likelihood trees constructed using the SNPs and the pan-genome analysis are consistent with previously described X. fastidiosa taxonomy, distinguishing the subsp. fastidiosa, multiplex, pauca, sandyi, and morus. Within the subsp. pauca, the Italian and three Costa Rican isolates, all belonging to ST53, formed a compact phylotype in a clade divergent from the South American pauca isolates, also distinct from the recently described coffee isolate CFBP8072 imported into Europe from Ecuador. These findings were also supported by the gene characterization of a conjugative plasmid shared by all the four ST53 isolates. Furthermore, isolates of the ST53 clade possess an exclusive locus encoding a putative ATP-binding protein belonging to the family of histidine kinase-like ATPase gene, which is not present in isolates from the subspecies multiplex, sandyi, and pauca, but was detected in ST21 isolates of the subspecies fastidiosa from Costa Rica. The clustering and distinctiveness of the ST53 isolates supports the hypothesis of their common origin, and the limited genetic diversity among these isolates suggests this is an emerging clade within subsp. pauca.
Human Electrical Muscular Incapacitation and Effects on QTc Interval
Authors: Gibbons John A. , Mojica Andrew J. , Peele Mark E.
Published: April 2017

Human Electrical Muscular Incapacitation (HEMI) is used to subdue combative individuals. Changes in cardiac electrical activity have been proposed as the cause of death in a small fraction of these individuals. The current study sought to determine whether changes in QTc interval occur after HEMI exposure. Twenty‐four participants had EKG readings before a 5‐second HEMI exposure and within 30 min after exposure. All subject EKGs were read by a data‐blinded cardiac electrophysiologist who calculated a QT corrected (QTc) interval. QTc interval was calculated using Bazett method. QTc prolongation was defined as >430 ms and a threshold of 30 ms for identifying QTc lengthening. Five participants experienced QTc prolongation and six had QTc lengthening. One participant developed QTc prolongation exceeding 500 ms, which carries a risk of developing multifocal ventricular tachycardia. These results suggest that HEMI exposure may cause EKG changes with a risk of ventricular tachycardia.
Does surgery for deep infiltrating bowel endometriosis improve fertility? A systematic review
Authors: Iversen Maja L. , Seyer‐Hansen Mikkel , Forman Axel
Published: April 2017

Introduction

Reduced fertility is a major concern in women with endometriosis. The influence of surgery of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) affecting the bowel wall on fertility is controversial and the literature on this field is heterogeneous. In this review we addressed whether surgery for bowel DIE improves the spontaneous pregnancy rate, and the results of in vitro fertilization (IVF), and the potential risk of such surgery.

Material and methods

We conducted a literature search including the terms “deep”, “deep infiltrating”, “bowel”, rectovaginal”, “endometriosis”, “fertility”, “infertility” and “IVF” in PubMed.

Results

No randomized controlled studies were found. Other publications of relevance included four retrospective and three prospective observational studies. Moreover, one retrospective study compared results of IVF treatment with or without previous surgery for bowel DIE. All studies reported detailed data on surgical complications. The poor data quality precluded firm conclusions. The results indicate, however, the possibility that surgery for bowel DIE may improve the spontaneous pregnancy rate, and positive effects on IVF outcome cannot be excluded. Such surgery will be associated with risk of major complications.

Conclusion

The lack of proper data precludes conclusions on the potential role for bowel DIE surgery to improve the spontaneous pregnancy rate and results of IVF treatment. Positive effects cannot be excluded, but the definite risk of major complications must be taken into account.
Novel 19F‐MRS β‐galactosidase reporter molecules incorporated nitrogen mustard analogues
Authors: Yu Zijun , Zhao Jianru , Hua Zhiming , Wang Xinping , Wang Xiaobo , Wang Hanqin , Yu Jian‐Xin
Published: April 2017

In this study, we propose a novel molecular platform‐integrated fluorinated antitumor nitrogen mustards for 19F‐MRS assay of β‐galactosidase (β‐gal) activity. Following this idea, we have designed, synthesized, and characterized 2‐fluoro‐4‐[bis(2′‐chloroethyl)amino]phenyl β‐D‐galactopyranoside 5, 2‐fluoro‐4‐{bis[2′‐O‐(β‐D‐galactopyranosyl)ethyl]amino}phenyl β‐D‐galactopyranoside 8, 2‐fluoro‐4‐{bis[[1″‐(β‐D‐galactopyranosyl)‐1″, 2″, 3″‐triazol‐4″‐yl]methyl] amino}phenyl β‐D‐galactopyranoside 14 and 2‐fluoro‐4‐{bis[[1″‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)‐1″, 2″, 3″‐triazol‐4″‐yl]methyl]amino}phenyl β‐D‐galactopyranoside 15 through glycosylation and click reaction strategies, and their structures were confirmed by NMR and HRMS or elemental analysis data. Among them, 2‐fluoro‐4‐[bis(2′‐chloroethyl)amino]phenyl β‐D‐galacto‐pyranoside 5 was found very sensitive to β‐gal (E801A) in PBS at 37°C with big ΔδF response. Here, we demonstrated the feasibility of this platform for assessing β‐gal activity in solution, and in vitro with lacZ‐transfected human MCF7 breast and PC3 prostate tumor cells, by the characterization of β‐gal‐responsive 19F‐chemical shift changes ΔδF and hydrolytic kinetics.
Methodological issues in governance research: An editor's perspective
Authors: Filatotchev Igor , Wright Mike
Published: April 2017

Manuscript type

Review

Research Question/Issue

What can be learnt with regard to methods in corporate governance research from editorial experience in handling corporate governance manuscripts? We draw on our experience as editors and guest editors of various journals in highlighting some of the methodological challenges in corporate governance research. We consider methodological issues relating to both quantitative and qualitative studies. Within these broad approaches, we discuss implications of theorizing, ownership and types of firms, governance and institutional contexts, omission of governance variables, human and social capital of board members, endogeneity/causality issues, executive remuneration, configurations and interactions of governance constructs, other governance mechanisms, and data sources. Discussion of these issues also highlights the need for more theoretical and empirical consideration of contingent factors influencing governance relationships. We identify possible ways forward and future research avenues.

Research Findings/Insights

There is a need for corporate governance studies to devote greater recognition to the heterogeneity of various governance factors such as ownership types and director expertise. Studies have generally paid insufficient attention to the configurations of corporate governance.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

Future research needs to address the connections between the methodological recognition of heterogeneity and configurations and the implications for theorizing.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

Failure to address these methodological issues implies that conclusions drawn from corporate governance research for practice and policy could well be misleading.
Perceptions and Experiences of Marriage Preparation Among U.S. Muslims: Multiple Voices from the Community
Authors: Killawi Amal , Fathi Elham , Dadras Iman , Daneshpour Manijeh , Elmi Arij , Altalib Hamada
Published: April 2017

Although Muslims in the United States are a growing population, there is limited research on their relational patterns and how they prepare for marriage. We conducted in‐depth interviews with 32 members of the Muslim community in Southeast Michigan including married individuals, divorced individuals, therapists, and imams (Muslim religious leaders) to explore their perceptions and experiences of marriage preparation. Our analysis revealed that marriage preparation varies but is less likely to involve a requirement of premarital counseling, with imams being the primary providers, not therapists. Barriers to participation include stigma, lack of awareness, logistical and financial challenges, and parental influence. Partnerships between imams and therapists, and family and community efforts are necessary to address barriers and increase participation in premarital education programs.
Reflections on Bell's Hate Thy Neighbor
Authors: Obasogie Osagie K.
Published: April 2017

Jeanine Bell's Hate Thy Neighbor: Move In Violence and the Persistence of Racial Segregation in American Housing offers an in-depth look at the central role that violence has and continues to play in maintaining segregated housing patterns.
Host‐dependent differences in resource use associated with Anilocra spp. parasitism in two coral reef fishes, as revealed by stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses
Authors: Welicky Rachel L. , Demopoulos Amanda W. J. , Sikkel Paul C.
Published: April 2017

The role of parasites in trophic ecology is poorly understood in marine ecosystems. Stable isotope analyses (SIA) have been widely used in studies of trophic ecology, but have rarely been applied to study the role of parasites. Considering that some parasites are associated with altered host foraging patterns, SIA can help elucidate whether parasitism influences host trophic interactions. French grunt (Haemulon flavolineatum), an abundant Caribbean coral reef fish, contributes greatly to trophic connectivity. They typically depart the reef at dusk, feed overnight in seagrass beds, and return to the reef at dawn. The large parasitic isopod Anilocra haemuli commonly infects French grunt, and infected fish are less likely to complete their diel migration, and are in poorer condition than uninfected conspecifics. Brown chromis (Chromis multilineata) are diurnally feeding planktivores and infection by Anilocra chromis does not influence host condition. To determine if Anilocra infection influences host diet and foraging locality, we conducted stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses on scale, muscle, heart and gill tissues of infected and uninfected French grunt and brown chromis. We determined that all French grunt had δ13C values representative of seagrass habitats, but infected French grunt were significantly enriched in 13C and 15N compared to uninfected conspecifics. This suggests that compared to uninfected conspecifics, infected French grunt forage in seagrass, but on isotopically enriched prey, and/or are in poorer condition, which can elevate δ13C and δ15N values. For brown chromis, infection did not significantly influence any δ13C and δ15N values; hence they all foraged in the same environment and on similar prey. This is the first study to use SIA to examine differences in resource use by Caribbean coral reef fishes associated with parasitism and to evaluate how closely related parasites might have host‐dependent effects on host trophic ecology.
The Allende multicompound chondrule (ACC)—Chondrule formation in a local super‐dense region of the early solar system
Authors: Bischoff Addi , Wurm Gerhard , Chaussidon Marc , Horstmann Marian , Metzler Knut , Weyrauch Mona , Weinauer Julia
Published: April 2017

In Allende, a very complex compound chondrule (Allende compound chondrule; ACC) was found consisting of at least 16 subchondrules (14 siblings and 2 independents). Its overall texture can roughly be described as a barred olivine object (BO). The BO texture is similar in all siblings, but does not exist in the two independents, which appear as relatively compact olivine‐rich units. Because of secondary alteration of pristine Allende components and the ACC in particular, only limited predictions can be made concerning the original compositions of the colliding melt droplets. Based on textural and mineralogical characteristics, the siblings must have been formed on a very short time scale in a dense, local environment. This is also supported by oxygen isotope systematics showing similar compositions for all 16 subchondrules. Furthermore, the ACC subchondrules are isotopically distinct from typical Allende chondrules, indicating formation in or reaction with a more 16O‐poor reservoir. We modeled constraints on the particle density required at the ACC formation location, using textural, mineral‐chemical, and isotopic observations on this multicompound chondrule to define melt droplet collision conditions. In this context, we discuss the possible relationship between the formation of complex chondrules and the formation of macrochondrules and cluster chondrites. While macrochondrules may have formed under similar or related conditions as complex chondrules, cluster chondrites certainly require different formation conditions. Cluster chondrites represent a mixture of viscously deformed, seemingly young chondrules of different chemical and textural types and a population of older chondrules. Concerning the formation of ACC calculations suggest the existence of very local, kilometer‐sized, and super‐dense chondrule‐forming regions with extremely high solid‐to‐gas mass ratios of 1000 or more.
Prevalence and associated variables of post‐dialysis fatigue: Results of a prospective multicentre study
Authors: Bossola Maurizio , Marzetti Emanuele , Di Stasio Enrico , Monteburini Tania , Cenerelli Stefano , Mazzoli Katia , Parodi Emanuele , Sirolli Vittorio , Santarelli Stefano , Ippoliti Fabio , Nebiolo Pier Eugenio , Bonomini Mario , Melatti Roberta , Vulpio Carlo
Published: April 2017

Aim

The study aims to determine prevalence and severity of PDF and to define its associated variables.

Methods

In five haemodialysis units of northern‐centre Italy, patients were regarded to suffer from PDF if they spontaneously offered this complaint when asked the open‐ended question: Do you feel better or worse after dialysis? If worse, please specify in which way. A complaint of fatigue would be probed further with questions directed at its duration, frequency and intensity, allowing creation of a fatigue index of severity (one third of the sum of these three parameters, each rated from 1 to 5). Patients were stratified into three groups according the severity of PDF: 1) score = 0; 2) score = 1–3; 3) score > 3.

Results

We studied 271 patients: 164 had PDF and 107 did not. PDF patients had significantly longer time of recovery after dialysis (TIRD). TIRD was significantly associated with PDF duration, intensity, and frequency. Patients with PDF were older and had a lower ADL score. At multivariate analysis, PDF was significantly associated with TIRD. In a multivariate model that did not include TIRD, PDF was independently associated with age and ADL. Sixty patients had moderate PDF and 104 had severe PDF. In patients with severe PDF, age and dialytic age were higher, ADL and IADL scores were lower, TIRD was longer and the ultrafiltration rate was lower. At multivariate analysis, PDF severity was independently associated with TIRD. In the model without TIRD, PDF severity was associated with ADL only.

Conclusion

Post‐dialysis fatigue is frequent and associated with age and ADL. Dialytic variables seem unrelated to PDF.
Seed dispersers help plants to escape global warming
Authors: González‐Varo Juan P. , López‐Bao José V. , Guitián José
Published: April 2017

Plants are shifting their ranges towards higher elevations in response to global warming, yet such shifts are occurring at a rate slower than is needed to keep pace with a rapidly changing climate. There is, however, an almost complete lack of knowledge on seed dispersal across altitude, a key process to understand what constrains climate‐driven range shifts. Here, we report the first direct empirical evidence on altitudinal seed dispersal mediated by two common frugivorous mammals: the red fox Vulpes vulpes and the pine marten Martes martes. We conducted a three‐year (bait‐marking) experiment in a mountainous region of Spain. We offered experimental fruits containing colour‐coded seed mimics at feeding stations that simulated source trees. The colour codes allowed us to identify the exact origin of seed mimics found later in mammal scats. Nearly half (47%) of the dispersal events occurred towards higher elevations, despite only ca 25% of the study area being above the average altitude of the feeding stations (1344 m). Seeds dispersed uphill gained an average of 106 m (median = 111 m) and a maximum of 288 m, greatly exceeding the estimated requirements to escape warming (35.4 m per decade). Yet, foxes mediated much more uphill seed dispersal than martens (57% and 26% of dispersal events, respectively), which can be explained by between‐disperser differences in home range size and habitat specificity. Dispersers with larger home ranges move farther and potentially disperse more seeds to higher altitudes, while habitat generalism is necessary to transport seeds above vegetation belts delimiting contrasting habitat types. We discuss how both traits (home range size and habitat specificity) can be used to infer altitudinal seed dispersal across disperser species and mountainous landscapes.
In Defense of a Probability Based Semantics for Counterfactuals
Authors: Gundersen Lars , Olesen Mads
Published: April 2017

In a recent paper Lee Walters criticizes a number of philosophers – including Gundersen – for committing a ‘failure in the argumentative strategy’ when they attempt to amend the standard Lewis semantics for counterfactuals in order to avoid the so‐called principle of Conjunction Conditionalization. In this article we defend a Gundersen‐style probability‐based semantics against Walter's major misgivings: that it is not logically conservative, that it is committed to the Connection Hypothesis, and that it cannot deal satisfactory with irrelevant semi‐factuals.
Lettuce‐produced hepatitis C virus E1E2 heterodimer triggers immune responses in mice and antibody production after oral vaccination
Authors: Clarke Jihong Liu , Paruch Lisa , Dobrica Mihaela‐Olivia , Caras Iuliana , Tucureanu Catalin , Onu Adrian , Ciulean Sonya , Stavaru Crina , Eerde Andre , Wang Yanliang , Steen Hege , Haugslien Sissel , Petrareanu Catalina , Lazar Catalin , Popescu Costin‐Ioan , Bock Ralph , Dubuisson Jean , Branza‐Nichita Norica
Published: April 2017

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major etiologic agent for severe liver diseases (e.g. cirrhosis, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma). Approximately 140 million people have chronic HCV infections and about 500 000 die yearly from HCV‐related liver pathologies. To date, there is no licensed vaccine available to prevent HCV infection and production of a HCV vaccine remains a major challenge. Here, we report the successful production of the HCV E1E2 heterodimer, an important vaccine candidate, in an edible crop (lettuce, Lactuca sativa) using Agrobacterium‐mediated transient expression technology. The wild‐type dimer (E1E2) and a variant without an N‐glycosylation site in the E2 polypeptide (E1E2∆N6) were expressed, and appropriate N‐glycosylation pattern and functionality of the E1E2 dimers were demonstrated. The humoral immune response induced by the HCV proteins was investigated in mice following oral administration of lettuce antigens with or without previous intramuscular prime with the mammalian HEK293T cell‐expressed HCV dimer. Immunization by oral feeding only resulted in development of weak serum levels of anti‐HCV IgM for both antigens; however, the E1E2∆N6 proteins produced higher amounts of secretory IgA, suggesting improved immunogenic properties of the N‐glycosylation mutant. The mice group receiving the intramuscular injection followed by two oral boosts with the lettuce E1E2 dimer developed a systemic but also a mucosal immune response, as demonstrated by the presence of anti‐HCV secretory IgA in faeces extracts. In summary, our study demonstrates the feasibility of producing complex viral antigens in lettuce, using plant transient expression technology, with great potential for future low‐cost oral vaccine development.
Cultural Penetration and Punctuated Policy Change: Explaining the Evolution of U.S. Energy Policy
Authors: Fowler Luke , Neaves Tonya T. , Terman Jessica N. , Cosby Arthur G.
Published: April 2017

Punctuated equilibrium theory (PET) suggests that the policy process is characterized by long periods of incremental change and short periods of punctuated change. The impetus for the latter is usually a focusing event that breaks open policy monopolies, allowing for major changes in legislative decision making. While a burgeoning body of literature, a shortcoming in the PET literature is that it has yet to explain why focusing events and subsequent breakdowns in policy monopolies sometimes fail to result in punctuated policy. We integrate theories on cultural change with punctuated equilibrium to explain why focusing events do not always result in the dramatic policy changes that we might expect. Specifically, we use the context of national energy policy and the lexical database, Google Ngram Viewer, to trace punctuating energy‐related events and the occurrence or lack thereof subsequent policy change from 1952 to 2000.
Heterogeneity and Geography of the World Trade Collapses of the 1930s and 2000s
Authors: van Bergeijk Peter A.G.
Published: April 2017

This paper analyses drivers of imports during the major world trade collapses of the Great Depression (1930s; 34 countries) and the Great Recession (2000s; 173 countries). The dependent variable is the peak to trough distance of the volume of imports in the first year and 3‐year‐period of these episodes, respectively. The paper develops a succinct empirical model that shows a significant impact of the peak to peak distance of GDP, the share of manufacturing goods in total imports and the political system. The 3‐year‐period distance for the volume of imports is significantly different for the 1930s and 2000s, but this is not the case for the 1st year of the two trade collapses. Importantly, the analysis uncovers significant heterogeneity with respect to regions.
A new species of the genus Trombidium Fabricius (Acari: Trombidiidae), with a checklist of terrestrial parasitengone mites of Montenegro
Authors: Saboori Alireza , Šundić Miloje , Pešić Vladimir
Published: April 2017

One new species of larval Trombidium Fabricius, 1775, T. montenegrinum sp. nov. collected off-host on grasses, is described and illustrated. Descriptions of T. botovicum and T. daunum are corrected. A key to world species of larval Trombidium is presented. Using published records and original data, a checklist was compiled of the terrestrial parasitengone mites of Montenegro. The total number of species recorded from Montenegro up to date is 51 species, in 25 genera and 7 families. Additionally, first records for Montenegro are given for Charletonia krendowskyi Feider, 1954, Marantelophus multisetosa (Zhang & Goldarazena, 1996), Abrolophus stanislavae (Haitlinger, 1986), Erythraeus (Zaracarus) hamedanicus Saboori et al. 2004, Erythraeus (Z.) preciosus Goldarazena & Zhang, 1998 and Johnstoniana parva Wendt et al., 1994.
Three new active members of the I-OnuI family of homing endonucleases
Authors: Bilto Iman M. , Guha Tuhin K. , Wai Alvan , Hausner Georg
Published: April 2017

In vitro characterization of 3 LAGLIDADG-type homing endonucleases (HEs) (I-CcaI, I-CcaII, and I-AstI) that belong to the I-OnuI family showed that they are functional HEs that cleave their respective cognate target sites. These endonucleases are encoded within group ID introns and appear to be orthologues that have inserted into 3 different mitochondrial genes: rns, rnl, and cox3. The endonuclease activity of I-CcaI was tested using various substrates, and its minimum DNA recognition sequence was estimated to be 26 nt. This set of HEs may provide some insight into how these types of mobile elements can migrate into new locations. This study provides additional endonucleases that can be added to the catalog of currently available HEs that may have various biotechnology applications.
Generalized Kähler Geometry and current algebras in SU(2) × U(1) N = 2 superconformal WZW model
Authors: Parkhomenko S. E.
Published: April 2017

We examine the Generalized Kähler Geometry (GKG) of quantum N = 2 superconformal WZW model on SU(2) × U(1) and relate the right-moving and left-moving Kac–Moody superalgebra currents to the GKG data of the group manifold using Hamiltonian formalism.
A Neumann boundary term for gravity
Authors: Krishnan Chethan , Raju Avinash
Published: April 2017

The Gibbons–Hawking–York (GHY) boundary term makes the Dirichlet problem for gravity well-defined, but no such general term seems to be known for Neumann boundary conditions. In this paper, we view Neumann not as fixing the normal derivative of the metric (“velocity”) at the boundary, but as fixing the functional derivative of the action with respect to the boundary metric (“momentum”). This leads directly to a new boundary term for gravity: the trace of the extrinsic curvature with a specific dimension-dependent coefficient. In three dimensions, this boundary term reduces to a “one-half” GHY term noted in the literature previously, and we observe that our action translates precisely to the Chern–Simons action with no extra boundary terms. In four dimensions, the boundary term vanishes, giving a natural Neumann interpretation to the standard Einstein–Hilbert action without boundary terms. We argue that in light of AdS/CFT, ours is a natural approach for defining a “microcanonical” path integral for gravity in the spirit of the (pre-AdS/CFT) work of Brown and York.
The biospeckle method for early damage detection of fruits
Authors: Yan Lei , Liu Jiaxin , Men Sen
Published: April 2017

In the field of fruits damage assessment, biospeckle activity is considered relevant to quality properties of plants, such us damage, aging, or diseases. In this paper, biospeckle technique was applied to identify the early bruising of apples. Then a total of 50 undamaged apples were determined to be artificially bruised as samples. Three methods (Fujii, GD, and LSTCA) were used to extract effective information from these speckle images for measuring the intensity of biospeckle activity. The results showed that for all of three methods, the biospeckle activities of the undamaged areas in apple were similar; after the hit, the damaged area showed a lower biospeckle activity. It can be concluded that early bruising can be identified by biospeckle technique.
On the Most Likely Voronoi Diagram and Nearest Neighbor Searching
Authors: Suri Subhash , Verbeek Kevin
Published: April 2017

Let [Formula: see text] be a set of stochastic sites, where each site is a tuple [Formula: see text] consisting of a point [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text]-dimensional space and a probability [Formula: see text] of existence. Given a query point [Formula: see text], we define its most likely nearest neighbor (LNN) as the site with the largest probability of being [Formula: see text]’s nearest neighbor. The Most Likely Voronoi Diagram (LVD) of [Formula: see text] is a partition of the space into regions with the same LNN. We investigate the complexity of LVD in one dimension and show that it can have size [Formula: see text] in the worst-case. We then show that under non-adversarial conditions, the size of the [Formula: see text]-dimensional LVD is significantly smaller: (1) [Formula: see text] if the input has only [Formula: see text] distinct probability values, (2) [Formula: see text] on average, and (3) [Formula: see text] under smoothed analysis. We also describe a framework for LNN search using Pareto sets, which gives a linear-space data structure and sub-linear query time in 1D for average and smoothed analysis models as well as the worst-case with a bounded number of distinct probabilities. The Pareto-set framework is also applicable to multi-dimensional LNN search via reduction to a sequence of nearest neighbor and spherical range queries.
Reconstructing Point Set Order Types from Radial Orderings
Authors: Aichholzer Oswin , Cardinal Jean , Kusters Vincent , Langerman Stefan , Valtr Pavel
Published: April 2017

We consider the problem of reconstructing the combinatorial structure of a set of [Formula: see text] points in the plane given partial information on the relative position of the points. This partial information consists of the radial ordering, for each of the [Formula: see text] points, of the [Formula: see text] other points around it. We show that this information is sufficient to reconstruct the chirotope, or labeled order type, of the point set, provided its convex hull has size at least four. Otherwise, we show that there can be as many as [Formula: see text] distinct chirotopes that are compatible with the partial information, and this bound is tight. Our proofs yield polynomial-time reconstruction algorithms. These results provide additional theoretical insights on previously studied problems related to robot navigation and visibility-based reconstruction.
Planar Matchings for Weighted Straight Skeletons
Authors: Biedl Therese , Huber Stefan , Palfrader Peter
Published: April 2017

We introduce planar matchings on directed pseudo-line arrangements, which yield a planar set of pseudo-line segments such that only matching-partners are adjacent. By translating the planar matching problem into a corresponding stable roommates problem we show that such matchings always exist.

Using our new framework, we establish, for the first time, a complete, rigorous definition of weighted straight skeletons, which are based on a so-called wavefront propagation process. We present a generalized and unified approach to treat structural changes in the wavefront that focuses on the restoration of weak planarity by finding planar matchings.
Dynamical evolution of globular clusters: Recent developments
Authors: Merafina Marco
Published: April 2017

We analyze structural parameters of the globular clusters belonging to the Milky Way system which were listed in the latest edition of the Harris Catalogue. We search for observational evidences of the effect of tidal forces induced by the Galaxy on the dynamical and thermodynamical evolution of a globular cluster. The behavior for the [Formula: see text] distribution exhibited by the globular cluster population seems to be in contrast with theoretical results in literature about gravothermal instability, and suggest a new limit value smaller than the previous one.
A Nonlinear Programming Approach to Determine a Generalized Equilibrium for N-Person Normal Form Games
Authors: Nahhas Ahmad , Corley H. W.
Published: April 2017

A generalized equilibrium (GE) for finite [Formula: see text]-person normal form games is defined as a collection of mixed strategies with the following property: no player in some subset [Formula: see text] of the players can achieve a better expected payoff if players in an associated set [Formula: see text] change strategies unilaterally. A GE is proved to exist for a game if and only if the maximum objective function value of a certain nonlinear programming problem is zero, in which case the solution to the nonlinear program yields a GE.
Enhanced Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (ESLAM) for Mobile Robots
Authors: Hsu Chen-Chien , Wang Wei-Yen , Lin Tung-Yuan , Wang Yin-Tien , Huang Teng-Wei
Published: April 2017

FastSLAM, such as FastSLAM 1.0 and FastSLAM 2.0, is a popular algorithm to solve the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem for mobile robots. In real environments, however, the execution speed by FastSLAM would be too slow to achieve the objective of real-time design with a satisfactory accuracy because of excessive comparisons of the measurement with all the existing landmarks in particles, particularly when the number of landmarks is drastically increased. In this paper, an enhanced SLAM (ESLAM) is proposed, which uses not only odometer information but also sensor measurements to estimate the robot’s pose in the prediction step. Landmark information that has the maximum likelihood is then used to update the robot’s pose before updating the landmarks’ location. Compared to existing FastSLAM algorithms, the proposed ESLAM algorithm has a better performance in terms of computation efficiency as well as localization and mapping accuracy as demonstrated in the illustrated examples.